bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise Crítica dos Pressupostos e Fundamentos Conceituais da Escola de Psicossomática de Paris
Authors: Santos Lucas Nápoli dos , Peixoto Junior Carlos Augusto
Published: May 2019

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica do quadro teórico da Escola de Psicossomática de Paris. Pretende-se demonstrar a hipótese de que tal matriz conceitual está sustentada em uma concepção iluminista de subjetividade, que concebe o corpo como algo a ser dominado pela mente. Argumenta-se que tal concepção se manifesta de forma implícita na hipótese defendida pelos autores dessa escola, segundo a qual a vulnerabilidade do indivíduo ao adoecimento somático seria resultante de uma insuficiência fundamental ou passageira do funcionamento mental. Demonstra-se que tal enunciado é herdeiro da concepção de psiquismo formulada no âmbito da metapsicologia freudiana, na qual a mente é entendida como um aparelho destinado a possibilitar a descarga de excitações, sobretudo as provenientes do próprio corpo (pulsionais).
Plant essential oils against bacteria isolated from fish: an in vitro screening and in vivo efficacy of Lippia origanoides
Authors: Bandeira Junior Guerino , Souza Carine de Freitas , Baldissera Matheus Dellaméa , Descovi Sharine Nunes , Silveira Bibiana Petri da , Tasca Caiane , Mourão Rosa Helena Veras , Vargas Agueda Palmira Castagna de , Baldisserotto Bernardo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: The use of natural products, such as essential oils (EOs), is a potential novel approach to treat fish bacterial infections with a lower risk of developing resistance. There has been a number of studies reporting the activity of EOs as those obtained from the species Achyrocline satureioides, Aniba parviflora, Aniba rosaeodora, Anthemis nobilis, Conobea scoparioides, Cupressus sempervirens, Illicium verum, Lippia origanoides, and Melaleuca alternifolia against bacteria. However, there are few studies investigating the effect of these EOs against fish bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of EOs against the following fish bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Citrobacter freundii, and Raoultella ornithinolytica. Additionally, the in vivo antibacterial activity of the EO L. origanoides was evaluated against experimentally induced A. hydrophila infection of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). The EO of L. origanoides was chosen as it showed the highest in vitro antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 mg mL-1. This EO also presented a therapeutic success of 58.33%, on a 30 day A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, we suggested that the EO of L. origanoides may be a viable alternative as a treatment for A. hydrophila infection.
Gestão de valor em projetos de TI: um estudo sobre organizações no Brasil
Authors: Silva Junior Aloysio Vianna , Barreto Bruno Rolemberg , Farias Filho José Rodrigues
Published: May 2019

Resumo Atualmente, admite-se a insuficiência da avaliação de projetos baseada em restrições de escopo, prazo e custo para assegurar a criação de valor pela organização. Apesar disto, essa métrica continua sendo, muitas vezes, a única utilizada para avaliar o sucesso dos projetos. Neste artigo, a partir de referências teóricas, analisa-se como algumas empresas nacionais e multinacionais gerenciam a criação de valor por suas carteiras de projetos de Tecnologia da Informação (TI). Busca-se entender os processos utilizados, bem como identificar os principais desafios encontrados pelas organizações pesquisadas. Para atingir esse objetivo, foi utilizada uma abordagem exploratória qualitativa baseada em entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores de portfólios de TI de 14 organizações brasileiras de diversos segmentos e portes. A pesquisa indicou oportunidades de melhoria e mostrou que poucas são as organizações que avaliam de forma efetiva a criação de valor por seus projetos, prevalecendo uma visão de desempenho não alinhada aos resultados corporativos alcançados e que não colabora com o processo de melhoria e aprendizagem organizacional.
A política militar brasileira no governo Dilma Rousseff: o discurso e a ação
Authors: Mathias Suzeley Kalil , Zague Jose Augusto , Santos Leandro Fernandes Sampaio
Published: May 2019

Discute-se neste artigo a operacionalização das Forças Armadas com vistas a cumprir com suas missões constitucionais ao longo do governo Rousseff. As fontes de pesquisa são os discursos brasileiros na Conferência de Ministros da Defesa das Américas (CMDA) e a ação política adotada pelo governo federal em auxílio à segurança pública na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Considera-se como hipótese que há diferenças entre discurso externo e ação interna, cada um buscando atingir um alvo diferente: o primeiro, as Forças Armadas, no intuito de garantir-lhes sua função primordial de defesa do país e mantê-las afastadas do centro de decisão política; o segundo, a classe média, com sua demanda crescente por maior segurança. Conclui-se que a política militar do governo Dilma redundou, ao contrário do planejado, em maior politização das Forças Armadas, com crescente militarização da segurança pública.
A MONITORING SYSTEM PROPOSAL FOR URBAN PARKS IN VALLEY BOTTOMS
Authors: MARTINS LARISSA FERNANDA VIEIRA , VENTURI LUIS ANTONIO BITTAR , WINGTER GIOVANNA BELEM
Published: May 2019

Abstract Urban parks must have physical, ecological and social functions and monitoring is necessary to achieve them. This article proposes a protocol for the monitoring of valley bottom parks. A measurement system was developed using indicators that allow identifying whether the park fulfills its functions and if there is conciliation of them. The indicators were segregated in two categories: i) Conservation and ii) Public Use. A score was composed for the final grade of each category (Conservation - CI and Public Use - PUI) from 0 to 10, indicating the degree of function achievement. The values CI and PUI values were matched in a matrix of conciliation between the functions. For validation, the method was applied to the Nascentes do Belem Park, in Curitiba, Brazil. The system proved to be efficient in identifying whether the park fulfills its functions and whether conciliation occurs. It also identified priority areas for management intervention.
Uso de fontes de informação por gestores de startups
Authors: Fonseca Flavia de Souza Magalhães , Barbosa Ricardo Rodrigues , Pereira Frederico Cesar Mafra
Published: May 2019

Resumo A pesquisa focalizou o uso de fontes de informação sobre o ambiente organizacional por gestores de startups. Buscou-se caracterizar a relevância dos setores do ambiente externo para o negócio, os fatores que motivam a busca de informação por parte do gestor, e o grau de relevância e confiabilidade das fontes de informação. A metodologia de pesquisa foi baseada na combinação de métodos quantitativos e qualitativos. Para a coleta de dados quantitativos, foi utilizado um questionário online, por meio do qual foram obtidas 60 respostas. Após a análise de resultados, como método de pesquisa qualitativo, foram realizadas entrevistas com três gestores envolvidos com programas de incubação, aceleração e investimento em startups, para que os dados fossem discutidos. Os resultados demonstraram que os empreendedores reconhecem os clientes e a tecnologia como principais setores do ambiente externo que afetam seus negócios, e que há preocupação em buscar informações para gerar inovações e embasar decisões. Além disso, foi possível verificar a relevância e a confiabilidade atribuídas às fontes de informação internas, como sócios/empregados e bases de dados de suas próprias empresas, e a relevância de novas fontes digitais de informação, em detrimento de fontes tradicionais.
Plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction and response to inoculation with different growth-promoting fungi
Authors: Vergara Carlos , Araujo Karla Emanuelle Campos , Souza Sônia Regina de , Schultz Nivaldo , Saggin Júnior Orivaldo José , Sperandio Marcus Vinícius Loss , Zilli Jerri Édson
Published: May 2019

Abstract: The symbiotic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and 70-90% of the plant species is largely studied, but ectomycorrhizal fungi, Piriformospora indica, Trichoderma sp., and dark septate endophytes (DSE), also establish beneficial interactions with plants. Despite this, the joint discussion on the biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of nutrient transfer, mainly from the extraradical mycelium (ERM) to the plant, is still limited. The objective of this review is to present biochemical, physiological, and molecular approaches to the plant-AMF interaction, as well as to analyze the response of plants to inoculations with different growth-promoting fungi. Here, are highlighted the characteristics of the H+-ATPases and of the transporters of NH4+ and H2PO4- involved in the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen by the soil through the ERM of the AMF, besides the biochemical aspects of the metabolism of both nutrients in the ERM and their translocations from the ERM to the intraradical mycelium and to the host plant. Finally, the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in plants inoculated with AMF, Trichoderma sp., P.indica, and DSE fungi is presented. By examining, together, the biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of the plant-AMF interaction and the nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in inoculated plants, it is possible to conclude that a low-input agriculture could be achieved with the use of these fungi in agrosystems.
Influence of environment on response characteristics of a high-strength aluminum alloy
Authors: Li Zhi , Lv Sheng-Li , Zhang Wei , Gao Xiaosheng , Srivatsan Tirumalai S
Published: May 2019

This paper presents the results of a study aimed at understanding the stress corrosion cracking behavior of aluminum (Al) alloy 2219 with specific reference to understanding the mechanisms governing initiation of cracks and their progressive growth through the alloy microstructure. The influence of stress level on the initiation of stress corrosion cracks was determined. Results of this study revealed pitting to be the main type of corrosion that occurred during the early stages of exposure of the chosen aluminum alloy to an acidic environment. After the formation and presence of a pit, the applied stress was found to induce local stress concentration, promoting the early initiation of one or more microscopic cracks, while concurrently enabling fine microscopic cracks to expand and grow through the alloy microstructure. The cracks were observed to propagate along the grain boundaries, with few of the cracks growing through the crystals. With appropriate selection of electrochemical parameters, the influence of applied stress, coupled with the use of a solid mechanics module in synergism with an electrochemical corrosion module, on the stress corrosion behavior of the chosen aluminum alloy 2219 was studied using an iterative approach, and numerical prediction of corrosion was made possible.
Resilient response of geosynthetics from cyclic and sustained in-air tensile loading
Authors: Perkins S. W. , Haselton H. N.
Published: May 2019

Resilient response of geosynthetics is defined as the tensile stress-strain or load-strain response of the material after the application of many cycles of similar load and is used in the analysis of applications involving repetitive loads, such as highway pavements reinforced with geosynthetics. Cyclic loads experienced by geosynthetics in reinforced roadways produce both creep and stress relaxation. Current test standards use a load form corresponding to cyclic stress relaxation. This test standard does not address whether a simpler load form involving non-cyclic, monotonic sustained loads producing load relaxation or creep produces comparable values of resilient modulus. A series of wide-width uniaxial tensile tests were performed on a biaxial geogrid and a woven geotextile. Various load forms were employed involving cyclic and sustained loading, and loading producing load relaxation and creep. Resilient modulus at the end of each type of loading was measured and compared. The results show modest differences in resilient modulus between the different load forms examined and supports the development of a commercial test standard using the simplest type of load form available, which is sustained stress relaxation for displacement-controlled test frames and sustained creep for load-controlled test frames.
Diferencias de sexo en severidad y factores de riesgo para caries dental y enfermedad periodontal
Authors: Mafla Ana Cristina , Patiño Mauricio Alexander
Published: May 2019

Objetivo: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si existen diferencias de sexo en la severidad y factores de riesgo en la aparición de caries dental y enfermedad periodontal.  

Metodología: realizamos un estudio retrospectivo transversal a través de la revisión de historias clínicas de 621 pacientes de la clínica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia durante 2008 y 2013. Obtuvimos el índice COPD e ICDAS II para determinar la severidad de caries dental y el Índice CPITN para evaluar enfermedad periodontal. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y la asociación entre caries dental y enfermedad periodontal y los factores de riesgo se evaluó mediante modelos lineales generalizados.

Resultados: la media de COPD fue levemente mayor en mujeres (20,97±6,01) que hombres (20,59±5,47) (P=0,191). Existió diferencia con respecto a dientes perdidos en hombres (4,85±4,54) y mujeres (6,12±5,64) (P=0,020). Encontramos que 12,8 % de hombres y 10,2 % de mujeres tenían bolsas periodontales ≥6mm (P=0,136). La presencia de diastemas (OR=2,881; IC al 95 %: 1,479-5,613; P=0,002) y sangrado gingival (OR=40,263; IC al 95 %: 7,851-206,484; P<0,001) se asociaron significativamente con la enfermedad periodontal en hombres y tener apiñamiento (OR=2,059; IC al 95 %: 1,387-3,055; P<0,001) y estar casada (OR=1,859; IC al 95 %: 1,046-3,304; P<0,034) influyó en esta enfermedad en mujeres.

Conclusión: el diseño de estudio retrospectivo transversal es limitado, pero ofrece una vía prometedora para futuras exploraciones. Los resultados tienen implicaciones para la promoción de diferencias en sexo en cuidados de salud oral.
Impacto psicosocial de la maloclusión en adolescentes que acuden a escuelas de Asunción y Pirayú, Paraguay
Authors: Díaz-Reissner Clarisse Virginia , Morel-Barrios Milner Iván , Quintana-Molinas María Elida
Published: May 2019

Introducción: la autoestima y el bienestar pueden verse afectados por problemas bucodentales. La maloclusión ocupa el tercer lugar de prevalencia a nivel mundial.

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de necesidad de tratamiento ortodóncico y relacionarla con el impacto psicosocial en adolescentes de 12 a 16 años matriculados en escuelas públicas de Asunción y Pirayú (Paraguay), en el año 2017.

Metodología: el diseño es observacional descriptivo de corte transversal. La necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia se midió con el Índice de Estética Dental (IED) utilizando la sonda periodontal PCPUNC15 y el impacto psicosocial con el Cuestionario de Impacto Psicosocial de la Estética Dental (PIDAQ). Participaron del estudio 206 adolescentes. Las escuelas fueron seleccionadas por conveniencia. Se aplicaron las pruebas Chi-cuadrado de Pearson de homogeneidad, U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis con un nivel de confianza del 95 %.

Resultados: el 61,7 % fueron mujeres. Siendo el 38,3 % de Asunción y 61,7 % de Pirayú. La necesidad de tratamiento de maloclusión fue de 19,0 % en Asunción y 4,0 % en Pirayú, siendo significativa la diferencia (p=0,001). El PIDAQ promedio fue de 58,22 (DE=9,97) en Asunción y 61,77 (DE=14,87) en Pirayú siendo esta diferencia significativa (p<0,001). Fue homogénea la distribución por sexo para IED y PIDAQ. La subescala “confianza en la propia estética dental” difirió significativamente según necesidad de tratamiento (p=0,034).

Conclusiones: Aadolescentes del estudio que acudieron a escuelas rurales presentaron menor necesidad de tratamiento de ortodoncia y mejor percepción de su aspecto estético dental que los de escuelas urbanas. Se requiere ahondar sobre factores de riesgo implicados.
EKSPERIMEN PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGANALISIS UNSUR DENGAN METODE GAMA SERENTAK MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER NEUTRON Pu-Be
Authors: Syarip Syarip
Published: May 2019

EKSPERIMEN PEMBUATAN SISTEM PENGANALISIS UNSUR DENGAN METODE GAMA SERENTAK MENGGUNAKAN SUMBER NEUTRON Pu-Be. Telah dilakukan eksperimen dalam rangka pembuatan sistem penganalisis unsur-unsur dengan metode analisis aktivasi neutron gama serentak atau promt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA). Tujuan eksperimen ini adalah untuk mengembangkan metode analisis aktivasi neutron sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi unsur-unsur yang memiliki waktu paroh sangat pendek. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan susunan alat yang terdiri dari : sumber neutron isotopik PuBe, detektor gama HPGe, kolimator neutron dari grafit, jarak cuplikan dengan sumber neutron 20 cm. Pengujian dan kalibrasi sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan sumber standar Co60 dan Cs137. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa pengukuran fluks neutron pada target cuplikan dengan menggunakan foil Au198 menghasilkan fluks neutron rerata 3,26.104 n cm-2s-1. Sedangkan nilai resolusi dan efisiensi sistem PGNAA tersebut masing-masing adalah 5,6 % dan 0,66 %. Uji coba sistem dengan cuplikan berupa foil Ag108 menunjukkan hasil sesuai yang diharapkan.
OPTIMASI EKSTRAKSI ASAM HUMAT DARI Na-HUMAT DAN KARAKTERISASINYA DENGAN FTIR
Authors: Muzakky Muzakky , Taftazani Agus , Sukirno Sukirno
Published: May 2019

OPTlMASI EKSTRAKSI ASAM HUMAT DARI Na-HUMAT DAN KARAKTERISASINYA DENGAN FTIR. Telah dilakukan optimasi ekstraksi asam humat dari Na-humat dan karakterisasinya dengan FTIR. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk isolasi asam humat dari tanah gambut dengan metoda ekstraksi cair-cair. Sebagai umpan Na-humat, dibuat dengan mereaksikan tanah gambut ukuran 400 mesh dengan NaOH 0,1 N selama 24 jam. Ekstraktan dipilih "metil iso butil keton" (MIBK) karena cukup selektif terhadap asam humat, sedangkan karakterisasinya menggunakan "fourier transform infra red" (FITR). Hasil ekstrasi optimum pada waktu kontak 15 menit, konsentrasi fasa organik MIBK 80% dan pH 3. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR ternyata menghasilkan munculnya spektra IR pada daerah 3442,7 cm-1, 2922.0 dan 2852.5 cm-1, 1716,5 cm-1 serta 1624.0 cm-1. Hal ini berarti bahwa karakreristik asam humat hasil ekstraksi tidak berbeda jauh dengan asam humat standar. Tetapi dengan munculnya spektra pada pita 1120.7 cm-1 dan banyaknya spektra pita-pita diatas 3500 cm-1 asam humat hasil ekstraksi belum bebas dari SiO2 dan pengotor logam.
IDENTIFIKASI RADIONUKLIDA PEMANCAR GAMMA DI DAERAH PANTAI LEMAHABANG MURIA DENGAN SPEKTROMETRI GAMMA
Authors: Sukirno Sukirno , Taftazani Agus
Published: May 2019

lDENTIFIKASl RADIONUKLlDA PEMANCAR GAMMA DI DAERAH PANTAI LEMAHABANG MURIA DENGAN SPEKTROMETRI GAMMA. Rencana lokasi terpilih Pusat Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) yang akan dibangun terletak di sekitar pantai Lemahabang semenanjung Muria Jawa Tengah. Dalam rangka antisipasi kemungkinan terjadi perubahan radioaktivitas karena pembangunan PLTN, perlu dipersiapkan data awal konsentrasi radioaktiviras alami di daerah tersebut. Tujuan utama identifikasi ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui radioaktivitas gamma serta radionuklida lingkungan yang terdapat dalam cuplikan algae, ikan kerapu, sedimen dan air laut. Pengambilan cuplikan, preparasi maupun analisisnya mengacu pada prosedur analisis cuplikan radioaktivitas lingkungan. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Maestro II EG&G spektrometer γ Ortec dengan detektor Ge(Li). Hasil identifikasi radionuklida alam pemancar γ dengan teknik spektrometri γ menunjukkan ada 6 jenis radionuklida alam yang teridentifikasi yaitu Ra-226 (186,52 keV), Pb-212 (238,75 keV), Pb-214 (395.94 keV), Tl-208 (583,19 keV), Ac-288 (911,07 keV) dan K-40 (1460,7 keV). Radioaktivitas γ untuk semua radionuklida dalam air laut masih jauh di bawah nilai batas radioaktif lingkungan menurut SK DIRJEN BATAN No 294/DJ/1992. Radioaktifitas pemancar γ tertinggi dalam air laut adalah K-40 terukur dengan konsentrasi 5,798 ± 0,537 Bq/L, sedangkan konsentrasi tertinggi yang diijinkan 104 Bq/L.
Editorial
Authors: Díaz Flórez Olga Cecilia
Published: May 2019

La investigación, como otros muchos vocablos, ha devenido en un requisito sine qua non del contexto universitario. No es posible sustraerse al permanente uso y abuso en las maneras de asumir y vivir este compromiso y que en la Universidad ha terminado por justificar casi todo: los programas, la institución educativa e incluso la razón de ser del profesor. En la mayoría de los casos esto ha promovido una banalización de la práctica y la teorización de la dimensión investigativa.
Collection and RNA Isolation from stabilized Whole Blood using TempusTM Blood RNA Tube and Spin RNA Isolation Reagent Kit v1
Authors: Rosenthal Lisa-Maria , Tong Giang , Schmitt Katharina
Published: May 2019

This protocol was used to isolate RNA from whole blood samples of humans for quantitative real time PCR.
UC Davis - LDL Protocol v1
Authors: Havel Peter
Published: May 2019

Summary: LDL and VLDL are separated from HDL using a precipitation reagent. Then the HDL fraction is measured for either TC or TG using the same reagents for total cholesterol or triglyceride.
UC Davis - Lipoprotein analysis by LTRS v1
Authors: Huser Thomas
Published: May 2019

Summary: Raman spectroscopy analyzes non-elastically scattered light from chemical bonds (Fig. 1). Photons from a laser source are scattered by interaction with molecular bond vibrations and either deposit energy into a particular bond or receive additional energy from an already excited bond vibration. Different molecular bonds have different vibrational frequencies and lead to specific peaks in the Raman spectrum. For instance, a C-C bond can be easily distinguished from a C=C bond, allowing us to distinguish saturated from unsaturated lipids. All biomacromolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, have characteristic Raman modes, which enable the nondestructive determination of their chemical composition and structure. Raman spectroscopy provides complementary information to mass spectrometry or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) without destroying cells in the process of the analysis, with high spatial resolution akin to confocal optical microscopy, and without the need for contrast agents - enabling live imaging at the cellular level. In our LTRS system we have further increased the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy at the cellular and sub cellular level by combining laser trapping and Raman spectroscopy. Here, a tightly focused laser beam, such as the one obtained by sending the beam through a high resolution immersion oil microscope objective, forms an optical laser trap which captures cells or lipoproteins and confines them to the laser focus until the laser is turned off or another particle collides with the one captured. Modified from: Chan JW, et.al. Anal. Chem. 2005 Sep 15;77(18):5870-76.
UC Davis - Luminex/Multiplex v1
Authors: Haapanen Lori
Published: May 2019

Summary: This core will provide services for quantification and comparison in animal models for hormone measurements; kidney function analytes; lipid metabolism analytes; liver function analytes; miscellaneous protein analytes; and immune function including cytokines/chemokines. The Luminex assay enables the quantification of all or any combination of analytes for which there are assay beads in tissue/cell lysate, tissue culture supernatant samples and plasma/serum. For example, cytokines and chemokines are peptides, which act as regulators in normal and pathological conditions, effecting interactions between cells as well as regulating processes occurring in the extracellular environment.
UC Davis - Radial Arm Water Maze v1
Authors: Golub Mari
Published: May 2019

Summary: The radial arm water maze (RAWM) measures spatial learning by combining both a water maze and radial arm maze (RAM). This test measures both working and reference memory through a reward system, in this case escape from water. This method is advantageous to other RAM which use food as a reward in that it may be utilized with mice on specialized diets. Reference: Behavioral consequences of ovarian atrophy and estrogen replacement in the APPsswe mouse. Golub et al. Neurobiol Aging (2008) 29(10): 1512-1523.
UC Davis - Temperature and activity by Telemetry v1
Authors: Rutledge John
Published: May 2019

Summary Utilizing the TA-F10 (DSI) telemeter we can simultaneously collect temperature and activity measures in a single mouse. This can provide a comprehensive assessment of circadian patterns, activity levels, and core body temperature in multiple interventions (drug, altered fed access, etc.) or genetic mouse models. The following protocol describes the implantation and measurement parameters and intervals. Modified from: Butz et al. Physiol Genomics. 2001 Mar 8;5(2):89-97.
Przyczyny wojny gruzińsko-rosyjskiej w 2008 roku
Authors: Kowalczyk Maciej
Published: May 2019

Niniejszy artykuł stanowi próbę wielopłaszczyznowego omówienia przyczyn wojny gruzińsko-rosyjskiej, która wybuchła 8 sierpnia 2008 roku. Analizę rozpoczyna rys geograficzno-historyczny dotyczący spornych republik: Abchazji, Osetii Południowej i Adżarii. Konflikt pomiędzy Gruzją a zbuntowanymi republikami zyskał charakter międzynarodowy dzięki zaangażowaniu się światowego mocarstwa – Federacji Rosyjskiej. Autor przedstawia przyczyny zatargów pomiędzy Rosją i Gruzją, które mają wielowątkowe i wielowiekowe podłoże. Doprowadziły one do pięciodniowego konfliktu, który Gruzja stoczyła w obronie własnej suwerenności i integralności terytorialnej.
Pozycja ustrojowa głowy państwa w Bośni i Hercegowinie
Authors: Podolak Małgorzata
Published: May 2019

Przedmiotem analizy jest pozycja ustrojowa głowy państwa w Bośni i Hercegowinie. Państwo posiada specyficzne rozwiązania ustrojowe, które zostały ustanowione w wyniku porozumienia w Dayton. Głowę państwa stanowi trzyosobowe prezydium składające się z Serba, Chorwata i Bośniaka. W artykule zaprezentowano procedurę wyborczą, kompetencje i odpowiedzialność tej wyjątkowej Prezydencji.
Establishing of Georgia's media market
Authors: Shevchenko Olena , Shevchenko Ganna
Published: May 2019

W artykule dokonano analizy powstania rynku mediów w Gruzji – jednej z republik byłego Związku Radzieckiego. Dziś Gruzja jest jednym z wiodących krajów regionu Kaukazu, co potwierdzają różne oceny międzynarodowe. Gruzja zajmuje pierwsze miejsce w indeksie wolności mediów w regionie, co świadczy o demokratycznej transformacji kraju. W artykule przedstawiono ustawodawstwo krajowe regulujące mass media i analizujące kluczowe podmioty rynku medialnego. Opisując główne etapy procesu formowania gruzińskiego radia i telewizji, autorzy zwrócili uwagę na to, że niektóre media-gatunki, na przykład radiowe, były bardzo popularne we wszystkich przestrzeniach postsowieckich i za granicą. Współczesna Gruzja jest krajem o rozwiniętym rynku medialnym z wiodącymi graczami światowymi obecnymi we wszystkich segmentach mediów (telewizja, radio, prasa, telewizja kablowa, telewizja satelitarna, internet, blogosfera, niezależne studia telewizyjne). Ponadto obywatele Gruzji są aktywnymi użytkownikami internetu, mediów społecznościowych i blogów. Autorzy konkludują, że pomimo pewnych istniejących trudności i problemów gruzińskiego rynku mediów ma on dobre perspektywy rozwoju.
The Media System in the Russian Federal Republic. Selected issues
Authors: Borowik Bogdan , Kirwiel Eleonora
Published: May 2019

W artykule dokonano analizy systemu medialnego Rosji przez pryzmat kilku istotnych zagadnień. Przede wszystkim przedstawiono podstawową kategoryzację systemów medialnych w perspektywie ewolucji systemowej, umieszczając Rosję w kategorii modeli autorytarnych. Nakreślono główne uwarunkowania rozwoju oraz specyfikę przestrzeni medialnej w Rosji w kontekście historycznym. Opisano główne kierunki w porządkowaniu mediów masowych w czasach W. Putina. Analizowany w trakcie przygotowania artykułu materiał faktologiczny dał podstawy do wniosku, że po okresie wahania w latach dziewięćdziesiątych XX wieku co do wyboru systemu politycznego pomiędzy demokracją liberalną a systemem autorytarnym od początku XXI wieku w Rosji mamy do czynienia z postępującym kształtowaniem się autokracji, a co za tym idzie system medialny zmierza ku modelowi autorytarnemu. Najważniejsze przejawy tego procesu to: ograniczenie wolności słowa, nadzór rynku medialnego, coraz bardziej obecna propaganda.
The media system in Ukraine. Political science approach
Authors: Hajduk Jurij
Published: May 2019

System medialny Ukrainy jest jednym z istotnych elementów całego układu relacji publicznych, szczególnie w sferze politycznej. Pomimo dwóch wielkich zrywów społecznych na Ukrainie nie udało się zoptymalizować wpływu oligarchów na politykę. Wykorzystują oni media jako narzędzie prowadzonej przez nich gry politycznej. Hipoteza główna artykułu brzmi: system mediów jest zdominowany przez interesy oligarchów, którzy praktycznie w całości kontrolują system medialny.
Media system of Azerbaijan: current state and problems
Authors: Danylenko Serhiy , Grynchuk Maryna
Published: May 2019

W artykule omówiono uwarunkowania tworzenia i funkcjonowania mediów w Azerbejdżanie oraz prawne aspekty ich działalności. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono badaniom nad telewizją, mediami drukowanymi, radiem, mediami internetowymi, agencjami informacyjnymi itp. Przeanalizowano i wyróżniono kluczowe kanały masowego przekazu w Azerbejdżanie i specyfikę ich działania. Przedstawiono akty prawne, regulujące rynek medialny w Azerbejdżanie, w szczególności ustawę Republiki Azerbejdżanu „O środkach masowego przekazu”, „O środkach telewizyjnych i radiowych”, „O publicznej telewizji i radiofonii”. Omówiono działalność organów regulacyjnych, takich jak Krajowa Rada ds. Telewizji i Radia oraz Rada Prasowa. Wnioski dotyczące aktualnych trendów i wyzwań mediów w Azerbejdżanie oparto na analizie oficjalnych statystyk organizacji międzynarodowych (Freedom House, Komitet Ochrony Dziennikarzy) na temat stanu mediów w Azerbejdżanie, w tym kwestii cenzury w kraju.
Effectiveness of low dose physostigmine for dose reduction of morphine in pain management
Authors: Bhavasar Rahul P. , Chopade Suyog S. , Sulaxane Yogita D. , Chaudhari Devendra R. , Bite Bapurao M.
Published: May 2019

Background: This is an interventional study, undertaken in the experimental animal models for the evaluation of the antinociceptive potential of Physostigmine and its combination with Morphine at their sub-analgesic doses. The objective of the study was to evaluate the antinociceptive potential of Physostigmine alone and in combination with morphine.Methods: Antinociceptive effect of Physostigmine in three graded doses (50, 100 and 200 μg/kg) and combination of Physostigmine at low dose (50 μg/kg) with sub-analgesic dose of Morphine (0.1 mg/kg) and Morphine in analgesic dose (1 mg/kg) was evaluated by using Hot Water Bath method in albino rats.Results: Comparison of maximal possible effect in percentage (MPE in %) between groups at 90 minutes in control, Morphine, Physostigmine in 50, 100, 200 μg/ kg doses and combination group respectively, demonstrated significant difference (p <0.001) when compared by one way ANOVA test. There was no much increase in maximal possible effect in the tail withdrawal latency in Physostigmine 50 μg/kg (SC) treatment at 90 min (5.50±0.88) in comparison to control (NS) treatment group. Combination treatment of low doses of both Physostigmine 50 μg/kg + Morphine 0.1 mg/kg increased in maximal possible effect the tail withdrawal latency 90 min (53.87±1.38) in-comparison to control (NS) treatment group (6.17±0.92).Conclusions: Physostigmine is more potent antinociceptive than Morphine and Physostigmine potentiated the antinociceptive activity of low dose of standard drug Morphine.
Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern from clinical isolates at a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Bengal: a pilot study
Authors: Ghosh Tapashi , Saha Sabyasachi , Mandal Ananya , Tudu Nikhil , Bikash De Jayanta
Published: May 2019

Background: Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern from clinical isolates can reveal important information that can help in drafting the hospital antibiotic policy as well as help improve prescribing patterns and patient outcome in a particular region.Methods: Data from the results of the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of clinical isolates of the patients between 1stJuly and 31st December 2018 were collected on a pre-designed and pre tested case study form and analysed with the help of descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 75 blood culture reports were obtained which showed 58 gram positive cultures. Further 46 of the gram positive samples were positive for Coagulase negative Staphylococcus. A total of 305 urine samples were obtained for culture which showed gram negative cultures. Paediatric and medicine wards were the common yielding sites. A total of 242 pus reports were obtained which showed 47 gram positive cultures. A total of 154 wound swab samples were obtained which showed 47 gram positive cultures. For pus and wound swab samples, surgery wards were the common yielding sites. Common gram negative organisms seen were Klebsiella sp., E. coli, Citrobacter sp., Pseudomonas, Proteus and Enterobacter. Gram positive organisms were commonly resistant to Erythromycin, orally active Penicillins, Vancomycin and Teicoplanin and gram negative organisms were commonly resistant to Cephalosporins, Aminoglycosides, Colistin, Fluroquinolones and Meropenem.Conclusions: This study showed that over six months samples of body pus, wound swab, blood culture and urine showed high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. This would provide an outline for development of an effective hospital Infection Control Policy.
ALTERNANCE METHOD IN VECTOR PROBLEMS OF PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED PARAMETERS
Authors:   Institute of Control of Complex Systems, RAS, Rapoport E. , Pleshivtseva Yu. ,   Institute of Control of Complex Systems, RAS
Published: May 2019

Constructive methods are proposed for solving a wide range of vector problems of optimal control of systems with distributed parameters (DPS) under the conditions when an accuracy of uniform approximation to the required final state of an object is prescribed on a set of spatial arguments of a controlled quantity. After the transition to the relative equivalent estimates of particular efficiency criteria the problems of vector (multi-criteria) optimization are reduced to a single-criterion version in the form of a variational problem with an integral quality criterion and with the new restrictions on the final values of the additional phase variables of the extended DPS’ model. Vector (combined) constraints on the final state of the DPS are replaced by one constraint on their linear combination, which is presented in the uniform metric on the extended set of arguments, including (besides the spatial variables) the weight factors of the summable components that vary within the standard simplex. The problems of vector (multichannel) control by one or by a system of interconnected distributed objects are considered under the conditions of a specific requirement of the same duration of the control process for all control actions. Further procedures of preliminary parameterization of control actions carried out using well-known analytical conditions of optimality provide accurate reduction of the initial statements to complicated modifications of semi-infinite programming problems, which are applied to computational algorithms developed earlier by the authors for the scalar version of the alternance method of searching for the desired extremals based on their Chebyshev properties. An example of independent solution of a vector problem of optimal control of an object of technological thermophysics is given.
The Impact of Family Support on Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control of Type 2 Diabetes Outpatients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Anene-Okeke Chigozie Gloria , Ogochukwu Adibe Maxwell , Victoria Ukwe Chinwe , Nze Aguwa Cletus
Published: May 2019

Background: Diabetes management rarely target family support as a means of promoting diabetes self-care behaviour among adults. The potential influence of family member on individuals with Type 2 diabetes has not been fully explored. The study aims to examine the impact of family support on medication adherence and glycemic control of their Type 2 diabetes out-patients in a tertiary hospital.Methods: The study was a prospective cross-sectional survey conducted on Type 2 diabetes out-patients attending endocrinology clinic at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) between October 2013 and April 2014. The Diabetes Family Behavioral Checklist (DFBC-13) was used to assess family support while the MMAS-8 (Morisky medication Adherence Scale) was used to assess medication adherence. Fasting blood glucose readings were obtained from patients’ case files.Data were analysed using SPSS (Statistical package for social sciences) version 16 and level of statistical significance set at p<0.05. Result:  A total number of 250 patients were assessed. The mean score for family support was 42 of 65 (range 13 to 65). Family support score (diet, glucose, exercise, diabetic self-care) associated with educational status (socio-demographic characteristics) r = 0.171** p = 0.007. Family support was inversely correlated to adherence and glycemic control (-0.161**, P = 0.011, r = -0.098, p = 0.147) respectively. Medication adherence was low as only 1.6% of the respondents adhered to their medication.Conclusion: Family support had little influence on medication adherence and glycemic control.
Prospects for the Recovery of Sludge on the Basis of Gray- and Formaldehyde-Containing Sediments
Authors: Kondratiev O.I. , Chertes K.L. , Tupitsyna O.V. , Pystin V.N. , Petrenko E.N.
Published: May 2019

The problem of recovery of highly toxic, corrosive sludge oil refining waste based on formalin-containing reagents is considered. Based on the results of laboratory studies, promising areas for the recovery of this type of sludge as bioinhibitors of the decomposition of solid municipal waste in conditions of landfills with minimal environmental impact on ecosystem components are proposed.
Urboecology Problems in Building the Quality Index of the Urban Environment and its Use for Assessing the Sustainable Development of Cities
Authors: Suvorov D.M. , Suvorova L.A. , Baybakova T.V.
Published: May 2019

The analysis of domestic and foreign sources on the methodology of construction and use of integral indices of quality of the urban environment and sustainable urban development was carried out. It is shown that these indices can be represented as urban-ecological in a broad sense. A method developed by the authors for the formation of a dynamic quality index of the urban environment, which allows the dynamics of the index and its components to evaluate both the quality of the urban environment and the direction of its change, is presented. Using the example of Kirov, the environmental characteristics of the urban environment, taken into account when calculating the index, and the problems of their measurement and presentation are described in detail. The prospects of the developed methodology for solving problems of urban ecological development are shown.
The Risk of Drug Abuse among Preschool Students in Phuket, Thailand
Authors: SWANGPUN Kusuma , KANATO Manop , LEYATIKUL Poonrut
Published: May 2019

Background: There have been scientific studies on risk and protective factors associated with child outcomes. However, how risk factors interact to produce outcomes is not clearly understood. We assessed the association between school location, grade, and drug abuse risks among preschoolers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3353 participants aged 2-6 yr (mean: 4.6, SD: 1.03) enrolled in childcare centers and kindergarten classes in 2016 in Phuket, Thailand. The risk of drug abuse was measured using questionnaires, completed by teachers and caregivers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals and Chi-square.
Results: The prevalence of drug abuse risk factors was as follows: sleep problems=1.28%, aggression=1.10%, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)=3.61%, learning disabilities (LDs)=4%, family members’ substance abuse=12.53%, parents’ changing marital status=6.53%, conflict between parents/guardians=1.88%, family poverty=3.37%, and easy access to drugs in the community=5.16%. Sleep problems in children were significantly related to family members’ substance abuse, family poverty, and easy access to drugs in the community (PS<.05). LDs were significantly related to parents’ changing marital status, conflict between parents/guardians, family poverty, and easy access to drugs in the community (PS<.05). ADHD was significantly related to family members’ substance abuse, parents’ changing marital status, conflict between parents/guardians, and family poverty (PS<.05).
Conclusion: The prevalence of drug abuse risks among preschoolers was 25.86%. Multidisciplinary teams should provide appropriate interventions.
Genetic and Phylogenetic Characterization of the M Gene of Influenza A Virus Isolated from Iranian Patients
Authors: BEHZADIAN Farida , MOASSER Elham , OWLIA Parviz , SADERI Horieh
Published: May 2019

Background: A few studies have been done on the molecular analysis of Iranian influenza A isolates M gene.
Methods: In 2014, nasal swabs collected from outpatients with clinical symptoms in the hospital clinics of Tehran, Iran were subjected for influenza detection and subtyping using Real-Time RT-PCR. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis performed on four randomly selected isolates from each subtype (H1N1 and H3N2) using neighbor-joining method.
Results: Phylogenetic dendrograms drawn based on M nucleotide sequence of H1N1 isolates showed close relatedness with Omanian isolates while the most isolates of H3N2 have clustered with Kuwait isolates and isolates from outside of geographical location. Amino acid sequence analysis showed S31N substitution in all isolates rendering the virus resistant to adamantanes.
Conclusion: This study determined the sequence identity and phylogenetic relatedness of M gene sequence got from Iranian influenza A isolates to elucidate the modality of relationship of this gene in comparison with its counterparts from other regions.
Knowledge on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Slovak Population
Authors: BENO Pavol , JUHASOVA Ingrid , SAMOHYL Martin
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
Physical or Psychological Therapy? Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or Acupuncture for Subsyndromal Depression among Methamphetamine Users
Authors: PIRNIA Bijan , PIRNIA Kambiz , BAZYARI Khadijeh , ASLANI Fatemeh , MALEKANMEHR Parastoo
Published: May 2019

The abstract not available.
Paradigma de activación y políticas sociales en América Latina
Authors: Brown Brenda
Published: May 2019

De la mano del neoliberalismo, a partir de los años 70, se configura una nueva forma de concebir la gestión social de la desocupación y de la pobreza que se caracteriza por incluir distintos programas sociales agrupados bajo el concepto de paradigma de activación o workfare. El eje central de esta transformación se vincula a un cambio en el diagnóstico sobre los problemas del empleo y la pobreza que comienza a estar fuertemente sesgado hacia las características que asume la oferta de fuerza de trabajo, es decir, que se plantea a nivel individual y microsocial. En América Latina esta reconfiguración se cristaliza en la proliferación de un conjunto de Programas de Transferencias Monetarias Condicionadas (PTMC). En este marco, el objetivo central de este artículo es analizar, desde una perspectiva crítica, cuáles son los soportes teóricos sobre los que se sustenta la implementación.
excepcionalidad de Porto Alegre: presupuesto participativo y redes de políticas
Authors: Rodrigues de Caires Carlos Miguel , Sotelo Quispe Gabriela
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se adopta el enfoque de redes para analizar la formulación de la política de presupuesto participativo (PP) en la ciudad de Porto Alegre (Brasil). La pregunta a la que se intenta dar respuesta es: ¿por qué surgió en Porto Alegre el PP? La hipótesis apunta a que las características singulares de la red establecida entre actores políticos, sociales e institucionales a nivel local fueron determinantes para el surgimiento de esta innovación. El marco analítico utilizado es el proporcionado por Montpetit (2005), mientras que, a nivel metodológico, la investigación del caso está fundamentalmente basada en información secundaria, recogida de investigaciones previas.
Representación descriptiva y sustantiva de mujeres en la Constitución de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Maciel Garcia Bertha
Published: May 2019

La investigación propone un análisis de los mecanismos de representación e intermediación política que operaron en la Asamblea Constituyente en dos temas de la agenda de género en el proceso de reforma política de la Ciudad de México (CDMX): paridad y autonomía reproductiva. Los resultados mostraron que la representatividad de las mujeres en el órgano constituyente de la CDMX favoreció los intereses de grupo a partir la eficacia de las estrategias de incidencia implementadas por organizaciones de la sociedad civil (OSC) defensoras de derechos humanos de las mujeres, quienes aprovecharon y crearon diversas estructuras de oportunidad políticas y jurídicas.
Simultaneous Deposition of Poly(o-anisidine) and Noble Ag Particles on Wool Fabric and The Evaluation of Its Performance as Catalyst in Dye Reduction
Authors: KALKAN ERDOĞAN Meryem , KARAKIŞLA Meral
Published: May 2019

The conductive poly(o-anisidine) (POA) and noble Ag particles were simultaneously deposited on wool fabrics, by the polymerization of o-anisidine with the oxidant mixtures of silver nitrate and ammonium persulfate in different sulfonic acids media. The effect of concentrations of sulfonic acids was investigated on the contents of conductive components (POA/Ag%) and the volume resistivity of the composites. The change in the surface morphology of POA coating, distribution of Ag particles and conformance of noble Ag particles were identified with SEM, EDX, and XRD techniques, respectively. It was observed that the usage of sulfonic acids significantly increased the coating density of the POA/Ag, compared to a control sample prepared in 1.0 M HNO3 solution. The composites were tested in the catalytic reduction of a dye molecule (methylene blue) with the existence of excess sodium borohydride, and a relatively high catalytic activity (70%) was obtained at 75 min compared to a control POA/wool sample.