bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultivation Modality and Barrier Maturity Modulate the Toxicity of Industrial Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Nasal, Buccal, Bronchial, and Alveolar Mucosa Cell-Derived Barrier Models
Authors: Stuetz Helene , Reihs Eva Ingeborg , Neuhaus Winfried , Pflueger Maren , Hundsberger Harald , Ertl Peter , Resch Christian , Bauer Gerald , Povoden Günter , Rothbauer Mario
Published: January 2023

As common industrial by-products, airborne engineered nanomaterials are considered important environmental toxicants to monitor due to their potential health risks to humans and animals. The main uptake routes of airborne nanoparticles are nasal and/or oral inhalation, which are known to enable the transfer of nanomaterials into the blood stream resulting in rapid distribution in the body. Consequently, mucosal barriers present in nose, buccal and lung have been identified and intensively studied as the key tissue barrier to nanoparticle translocation. Despite decades of research, surprisingly little is known about the differences among various mucosa tissue types to tolerate nanoparticle exposures. One limitation in comparing nanotoxicological data sets can be linked to a lack of harmonization and standardization of cell-based assays, where a) different cultivation conditions such as air-liquid interface or submerged cultures, b) varying barrier maturity and c) diverse media substitutes have been used. The current comparative nanotoxicological study therefore aims at analyzing the toxic effects of nanomaterials on four human mucosa barrier models including nasal (RPMI2650), buccal (TR146), alveolar (A549), and bronchial (Calu-3) mucosal cell lines to better understand the modulating effects of tissue maturity, cultivation conditions and tissue type using standard Transwell cultivations at liquid-liquid and air-liquid interfaces. Overall, cell size, confluency, tight junction localization, and cell viability as well as barrier formation using 50% and 100% confluency was monitored using trans-epithelial-electrical resistance (TEER) measurements and Presto Blue assays of immature (e.g. 5 days) and mature (e.g. 22 days) cultures in the presence and absence of corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone. Results of our study show that cellular responses to increasing nanoparticle exposures are highly cell type specific, where bronchial mucosal cell barriers models cultivated under ALI conditions showed less tolerance to acute ZnO nanoparticle exposures. Additionally, stronger toxicities are found using early mucosa barriers compared to later barrier models being maturated under air-liquid cultivation conditions.
Ectopic paraesophageal parathyroid adenoma: a case report of primary hyperparathyroidism in a child
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozov D.A. ,   Veltischev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petryaikina E.E. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Russian Children's Clinical Hospital, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kurkin A.P. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Topilin O.G. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Ayrapetyan M.I. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rybkina I.G. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Glazunov A.A. ,   Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

In this article, we report a case of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) caused by ectopic parathyroid adenoma in a child. PHPT is an exceedingly rare disorder in the practice of pediatric endocrinologists and pediatric surgeons; approximately 300 cases have been reported so far. The identification of the locus of the ectopic parathyroid adenomas, as well as its surgical treatment are extremely complex and require a multidisciplinary approach. We used several diagnostic methods, including single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT), augmented reality (AR) diagnostics, and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring. Given the fact that such tumors with atypical location are extremely rare, this case might be of interest not only for endocrinologists and surgeons, but also for general practitioners. Key words: parathyroid adenoma, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, primary hyperparathyroidism
Gut-bone axis: current concepts of interactions
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Childhood Ministry of Health of the Moscow region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Belgorod State Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Novikova V.P. ,   Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Vashura A.Yu. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kovtun T.A. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation,   JSC PROGRESS, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2023

The discovery of the gut-bone axis promoted the development of treatment strategies aimed to preserve bone mineral density. Probiotics and probiotic complexes in combination with bone mineral matrix are gradually becoming a new treatment method for osteoporosis. This literature review aims to explore the role of gut microbiota in osteoclastogenesis, bone healing, mechanisms of its effects, and possible ways to modify the microbiota in order to improve bone metabolism. Key words: gut microbiota-bone axis, osteogenesis, osteoporosis, microbiota, nutritional support, baby formula, inulin
Analisis Kualitas Selai Organik Dari Buah Mengkudu Sebagai Produk Bisnis Skala Rumahan
Authors: Tania Adila  , Novsa Fakhira
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Noni is one of the most abundant fruits in Indonesia. Noni trees that bear fruit every season need to be further processed to reduce the amount of fruit wasted. In addition, the fruit contains many health benefits so it would be very good if used as food. One of the efforts to use noni can be done by creating a product in the form of organic jam. This study aims to determine the quality of noni fruit jam using the same level of maturity in terms of taste, color, texture and aroma. The data collection method used in this research is the organoleptic test method, documentation and questionnaires. This quantitative and qualitative research was also obtained from the power of the assessment test instrument. The respondents in this study amounted to 70 people consisting of the community around the research site (North Bogor) including IPB students, school students, motorcycle drivers and housewives. The results of the research based on organoleptic tests showed that organic noni jam products were acceptable in the market with a taste score of 275 (tasty), texture 240 (chewy), aroma 195 (quite delicious), and color 188 (quite attractive)

Keywords: business product, noni fruit, organic jam
Mechanisms Connecting Police Brutality, Intersectionality, and Women’s Health Over the Life Course
Authors: Alang Sirry , Haile Rahwa , Hardeman Rachel , Judson Jé
Published: January 2023

Police brutality harms women. Structural racism and structural sexism expose women of color to police brutality through 4 interrelated mechanisms: (1) desecration of Black womanhood, (2) criminalization of communities of color, (3) hypersexualization of Black and Brown women, and (4) vicarious marginalization.

We analyze intersectionality as a framework for understanding racial and gender determinants of police brutality, arguing that public health research and policy must consider how complex intersections of these determinants and their contextual specificities shape the impact of police brutality on the health of racially minoritized women.

We recommend that public health scholars (1) measure and analyze multiple sources of vulnerability to police brutality, (2) consider policies and interventions within the contexts of intersecting statuses, (3) center life course experiences of marginalized women, and (4) assess and make Whiteness visible. People who hold racial and gender power—who benefit from racist and sexist systems—must relinquish power and reject these benefits. Power and the benefits of power are what keep oppressive systems such as racism, sexism, and police brutality in place. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1):S29–S36. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307064 )
Strategies for Naming and Addressing Structural Racism in Immigrant Mental Health
Authors: Cerda Ivo H. , Macaranas Anjeli R. , Liu Cindy H. , Chen Justin A.
Published: January 2023

Immigrants account for 13.7% of the US population, and the great majority of these individuals originate from Latin America or Asia. Immigrant communities experience striking inequities in mental health care, particularly lower rates of mental health service use despite significant stressors. Structural barriers are a significant deterrent to obtaining needed care and are often rooted in racist policies and assumptions.

Here we review and summarize key pathways by which underlying structural racism contributes to disparities in immigrant mental health, including anti-immigration policies, labor and financial exploitation, and culturally insensitive mental health services. Significant accumulated research evidence regarding these barriers has failed to translate into structural reform and financial investment required to address them, resulting in pronounced costs to both immigrant populations and society at large.

We propose specific strategies for addressing relevant structural inequities, including reforming economic and financial policies, community education initiatives, and task-sharing and strengths-based interventions developed in partnership with immigrant communities to promote access to mental health care for populations in dire need of culturally appropriate services. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(S1): S72–S79. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.307165 )
Total Polyphenol Content of Bromelia Leaves (Neoregelia marmorata) Etanol Extract
Authors: Safitri Malikah , Susanti Erna
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine total polyphenol content of Bromelia (Neoregelia marmorata) leaves extract  with ethanol and water solvent ratio. There are three kinds of comparisons, ethanol 96%, ethanol 50 % and aquadest. The third variation of the extract is then determined the total polyphenol content. Determination of total polyphenol content was performed using visible light spectrophotometry at wavelength 758 nm with Folin-ciocalteu reagent and standard used was gallic acid. The highest average polyphenol content was obtained ethanol extract 96% then ethanol 50%, aquadest that is 0,4710 mgGAE / g; 0.3677 mgGAE / g; 0.1847 mgGAE / g. The more part of ethanol 96%, the total polyphenol content is higher. Furthermore, one way anova test is used to know the difference in the three extracts  and followed by Post Hoc test. The results of the analysis showed significant differences between the three variants extract with probability value (p≤0,05).
Quality Control of White Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas Linneaus) As Raw Material for Chili Sauce
Authors: Rembulani Jihan Cahya , Rahmadhia Safinta Nurindra
Published: January 2023

Quality control is one of the important factors in maintaining the consistency of the quality of a product. The activity of controlling the quality of raw materials to ensure the quality of raw materials. Quality control starts from the receipt of raw materials until the time the raw materials will be used. Quality is used to determine the level of consumer acceptance of the product. The quality of a product is strongly influenced by the quality of the raw materials of the product. Therefore, it is necessary to have quality standards for raw materials that function as parameters and limits for an acceptable raw material which will then be processed into a product. Supervision was carried out visually with parameters of color, texture, shape, and size of white sweet potato which was carried out for 8 days. The analytical method used is the descriptive method, check sheet, and Pareto diagram. The results of this study will be compared with the quality standard of sweet potato according to SNI 01-4493-1998. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the sweet potato quality standards are set in PD. Surabraja Putra is classified based on weight, namely B (> 500 g), R (300-500 g) and TO (> 250 g) on the condition that the sweet potato is not deformed, rotten, hollow, moldy, and there are no foreign objects (soil, stems, leaves, and litter). The quality standard of sweet potato weight is set in PD. Surabraja Puta has complied with the weight quality of sweet potatoes according to SNI 01-4493-1998. However, the weight range used by PD. Surabraja Putra is larger than the weight range of sweet potatoes according to SNI. Varieties of local sweet potatoes used as raw material for chili sauce in PD. Surabraja Putra are Eski, Gaul, Asban, Melati, Manohara, and White Ase from Kuningan and Majalengka. The most common sweet potato defect found was the eski variety with a percentage of 39% and a weight of 496 kg.
Public Relations & Impression Management
Authors: Rachmawati Farikha
Published: January 2023

Fashion can be used as a medium of communication and a strategy for public relations to make an impression. This study aims to analyze the public relations strategy in performing impression management to stakeholders through fashion. Public relations practitioners in Indonesia tend to use fashion as one of the main factors to get a good initial impression from stakeholders. The method used in this study is a qualitative method to explore the fashion used by public relations practitioners. Through data collection techniques, namely interviews and documentation, the research was conducted on 15 public relations practitioners in Indonesia using convenient sampling technique. Furthermore, through data analysis techniques Miles, Hubberman, and Saldana researchers conducted data analysis and then tested by triangulation. The results of this study indicate that impression management through fashion is effective in increasing the positive image of stakeholders for public relations practitioners. Indonesian public relations practitioners tend to use the impression management strategy of ingratiation through fashion to get public attention. In addition, the research findings show that fashion is used to represent a positive image of the organization and facilitate communication practices. The research findings show that the influence of fashion is not only on the front stage but also contributes to success not only in physical fashion, but more on internal appearance, namely confidence, honesty, being a good listener and open minded. Moreover, good impression management is considered to affect the success of communication.
7,8-Dihydroxyflavone induces mitochondrial apoptosis and down-regulates the expression of ganglioside GD3 in malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Ju Won Seok , Seo Sang Young , Mun Seong-eun , Kim Kyongtae , Yu Jin Ok , Ryu Jae-Sung , Kim Ji-Su , Choo Young-Kug
Published: January 2023

Malignant melanoma is one of the most progressive skin cancers, with a poor prognosis, various side effects, and high resistance to conventional treatment. Recently, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from certain plants, has been studied for its anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pharmacological effects in several types of cancer. Ganglioside, a modulator of diverse cell signals on the microdomain of the surface of the cell membrane, is closely involved in various cancers such as neuroblastoma. However, the correlation between ganglioside expression and the anti-cancer effects of 7,8-DHF in malignant melanoma remains unclear. In this study, 7,8-DHF showed potential as an anti-cancer agent through specific anti-proliferation, anti-oxidant, anti-migration, pro-apoptotic, and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest effects on SK-MEL-2 and G-361 melanoma cells. In contrast, 7,8-DHF did not induce cytotoxicity in non-tumoral epidermal HaCaT cells. Additionally, we confirmed for the first time that 7,8-DHF significantly reduces the expression levels of ganglioside GD3, which is closely involved in carcinogenesis, in both melanoma cancer cell lines using high-performance thin-layer chromatography analysis. Taken together, our findings suggest that 7,8-DHF might be a potent anticancer drug candidate for the treatment of malignant melanoma.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy as the first-line treatment in patients with mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite- instability-high (MSI-H) advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer from a perspective of health care system in China
Authors: ZHU CHEN , Han Gang , Wu Bin
Published: January 2023

Background
Pembrolizumab is superior to chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for patients with mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite-instability-high (MSI-H) advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), with a significantly long-term survival benefit trend by KYENOTE-177. The current study aimed to determine whether pembrolizumab is a cost-effective treatment for patients with dMMR/MSI-H advanced or metastatic CRC in China.
Methods
A partitioned survival model (PSM) was developed to simulate patients with dMMR/MSI-H advanced or metastatic CRC based on health states of progression-free survival (PFS), progressive disease (PD) and death. The model was designed using a lifetime horizon, a 6-week cycle, and a 5% discount rate. The characteristics of patients in the model were similar to patients in a phase 3, open-label randomized clinical trial (KEYNOTE-177) who had metastatic MSI-H–dMMR CRC and had not previously received treatment. The health outcomes and utilities were from the KETNOTE-177 trial and published data, respectively. Costs were calculated based on local charges (2021) and published literature. It is deemed cost-effective in China if the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) value is less than $33,600 per quality adjusted life-year (QALY). The robustness of the results was discussed in one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.
Results
Baseline analysis disclosed that pembrolizumab provided an additional 2.58 QALYs (3.00 life-years) at an incremental cost of $78,286.04, resulting in an ICER of $30,330.15 per QALY, which was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of $33,600 per QALY. When patient assistance program (PAP) was considered, the ICER became $1,730.67 per QALY, manifesting absolute cost-effectiveness. The results of sensitivity analyses demonstrated that in most cases pembrolizumab was cost-effective.
Conclusions
Pembrolizumab is a cost-effective first-line treatment for dMMR/MSI-H advanced or metastatic CRC patients in China, especially considering PAP.
Prevalence of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and resilience in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic in a post-armed conflict area in Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Sarmiento-Suárez María José , Alba-Saavedra Magda , Calvo-Valderrama María Gabriela , Rincón-Rodríguez Carlos Javier , González-Ballesteros Lina María , Bird Victoria , Priebe Stefan , Loggerenberg Francois van
Published: January 2023

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of adolescents are emerging and require particular attention in settings where challenges like armed conflict, poverty and internal displacement have previously affected their mental wellbeing. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of mental health problems and symptoms of anxiety and depression, probable post-traumatic stress disorder, and resilience capacity in adolescents in a post-armed conflict area in Colombia during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 657 school attending adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old. Mental health information was obtained through screening scales for anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PCL-5) and resilience capacity (CD-RISC-25). The prevalence observed for moderate to severe depression symptoms was 30.0% (CI95%=26.5–33.7) and for moderate to severe anxiety symptoms was 18.9% (CI95%=16.0-22.1). A prevalence of probable post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of 22.3% (CI95%=18.1–27.2) was found. The CD-RISC-25 results for resilience had a median score of 54 [IQR:30]. Our results are in line with emerging evidence that suggests multiple domains of adolescents’ mental wellbeing were negatively impacted by the pandemic, and agree with other studies of regions affected by the armed conflict that show an increase in the prevalence of mental health disorders in young populations. In contrast, our data show lower resilience than other studies of adolescents. These findings call for multidisciplinary actions necessary to respond effectively to the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of adolescents, as well as to guarantee a successful educational recovery, being schools key places in which prompt intervention might reduce the burden of mental distress in adolescents.
Eucalyptus globulus vessels enzymatic passivation: effect of pore structure on bulk and surface chemistry
Authors: Vaz Álvaro , Coelho João , Costa Vera , Maloney Thaddeus , Josphat Phiri , Pinto Paula , Sousa António Mendes , Simões Rogério
Published: January 2023

Hardwood vessel elements generate problems in industrial uncoated wood-free printing paper operation, causing vessel picking and ink refusal. These problems are mitigated using mechanical refining at the cost of paper quality. Vessel enzymatic passivation, altering its adhesion to the fiber network and reducing its hydrophobicity is a way of improving paper quality. The object of this paper is to study how the enzymatic treatment by xylanase and by an enzymatic cocktail containing cellulases and laccases affect elemental chlorine free bleachedEucalyptus globulusvessel and fiber porosities, bulk, and surface chemical compositions. Thermoporosimetry revealed the vessel structure to be more porous, surface analysis showed its lower O/C ratio and bulk chemistry analysis its higher hemicellulose content. Enzymes had different effects on porosity, bulk and surface composition of fibers and vessels, affecting vessel adhesion and hydrophobicity. It is proposed that differences in vessel and fiber porosity structures affect the enzymatic attacks, eventually causing vessel passivation.
Molecular docking and experimental validation of the effect of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 following endurance exercise by Arabian stallions
Authors: Adah Adakole Sylvanus , Ayo Joseph Olusegun , Adah Deborah Arimie , Nwonuma Charles Obiora , Lawal Teslim Alabi
Published: January 2023

Background
Exercise-induced oxidative stress is a challenge in equine sports. This study aims at determining the effects of ergothioneine on heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70) following the stress of an endurance exercise of 30 km by Arabian stallions. Molecular docking was also done to investigate the interaction between the ligand ergothioneine and heat shock protein-70 using sulfogalactosylceramide and sulfogalactoglycerolipid as standards.
The study involved a total of 18 clinically healthy stallions, with an average age of 6.7 ± 2.4 years and an average weight of 411.54 ±12.46 kg. Only clinically healthy stallions were selected as subjects. The stallions were divided into two groups of nine stallions each. Group I (ERGX) was administered ergothioneine at a dose of 0.02 mg/kg once daily orally for four weeks while group II (ERGN) was not administered ergothioneine. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase were determined in the two groups before and post-exercise. The concentrations of malondialdehyde and HSP-70 were also determined.
Results
The results obtained showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and concentration of HSP-70 were higher (P < 0.05) in the ERGX group compared to the ERGN group. The concentration of malondialdehyde was however lower in the ERGX group. Following molecular docking, ergothioneine and the selected standards have common amino acids at the site of interaction with the target protein (HSP-70) suggesting that ergothioneine may have a modulatory effect on the synthesis of HSP-70.
Conclusion
The results obtained indicated that ergothioneine modulated the synthesis of HSP-70 and the biomarkers of oxidative stress. It was therefore concluded that ergothioneine may be beneficial to horses subjected to endurance exercise.
A Systematic Literature Review: Choice Bracketing in Decision making
Authors: Qandeel Mahmoud Salameh
Published: January 2023

Objectives

In this research, the author revised the most controversial cited articles, which have 100 citations or more, between 1994 and 2022 to investigate the main reasons behind narrow bracketing and understand if it is rational psychological behavior or biased. Knowing the result would give scholars room to tackle this issue and look for more enhancements.

Methods

All open-access and non-restricted articles through the University of Pécs website were included, as were downloadable handbooks as well, but books were excluded. Due to time limitations and grasping pure results, the articles with 100 citations and above between 1994 and 2022 were selected.

Results

The author discovered that scholars discussed "choice bracketing" from their niche corner of science and letting other factors influence their research after thoroughly researching the literature. Accepting or rejecting the lottery, as well as decision differences between two separate choices, or a binary of choices, are not solely determined by determining factors such as bracketing or motivation, and they are not necessarily biased.

Conclusions

The author has elaborated and drawn maps for most factors that intervene in decision-making. However, by collecting the most debatable opinions from the literature, it was found that people’s decisions are driven by maximizing utility and loss aversion regarding wealth and income, individual psychology (emotions, heuristics, mental accounting), limitations of rationality and uncertainty, preferences and motivation, diversification limits, and time allocation. However, this is a psychological mode of thought that is limited to stimuli, timing, and rule factors.
JEL Code: A14, D1, D71, D81, D83.
In silico analysis of NHP2 membrane protein, a novel vaccine candidate present in the RD7 region of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kootery Kaviya Parambath , Sarojini Suma
Published: January 2023

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most tricky pathogens. We have only a few protective shields, like the BCG vaccine against the pathogen, which itself has poor efficacy in preventing adult tuberculosis. Even though different vaccine trials for an alternative vaccine have been conducted, those studies have not shown much promising results. In the current study, advanced computational technology was used to study the potential of a novel hypothetical mycobacterial protein, identified by subtractive hybridization, to be a vaccine candidate. NHP2 (Novel Hypothetical Protein 2), housed in the RD7 region of the clinical strains of M. tuberculosis, was studied for its physical, chemical, immunological and structural properties using different computational tools. PFAM studies and Gene ontology studies depicted NHP2 protein to be functionally active with a possible antibiotic binding domain too. Different computational tools used to assess the toxicity, allergenicity and antigenicity of the protein indicated its antigenic nature. Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) tools were used to study the T and B cell determinants of the protein. The 3D structure of the protein was designed, refined and authenticated using bioinformatics tools. The validated tertiary structure of the protein was docked against the TLR3 immune receptor to study the binding affinity and docking scores. Molecular dynamic simulation of the protein-protein complex formed were studied. NHP2 was found to activate host immune response against tubercle bacillus and could be explored as a potential vaccine in the fight against tuberculosis.
Case Report: A case of primary intracranial parasagittal meningeal angiosarcoma
Authors: Cao Jun , Fang Jincheng , Jiang Xiaochun , Di Guangfu , Shen Jun
Published: January 2023

Background
Angiosarcoma, also known as malignant hemangioendothelioma, is a rare vasogenic malignant tumor, commonly found on the skin of the head and neck, rarely occurring in the intracranial region.As for intracranial meningeal angiosarcoma, only 7 cases have been reported and there is no clinical study with large sample size. We report here a case of parasagittal meningeal angiosarcoma.
Case Description:
A 48-year-old Chinese male patient was admitted to our hospital due to headache accompanied by bilateral lower limb weakness. On admission, CT showed a high-density mass on both sides of the sagittal sinus at the top of the frontal lobe. We performed exploratory surgical resection of the tumor. During the operation, it was found that the tumor originated from the dura mater and extensively invaded the surrounding brain tissue and skull, and the surrounding hemosiderin deposition was observed. Postoperative pathology suggested angiosarcoma.
Conclusions
Intracranial meningeal angiosarcoma is difficult to accurately diagnose before surgery, so radiologists and neurosurgeons need to strengthen their understanding of this disease. The presence of extensive superficial hemosiderin deposition during operation may contribute to the diagnosis, and immunohistochemistry is very important for the diagnosis of intracranial angiosarcoma.
Research on the Content of Plumbago auriculata (L.) Hairy Roots Mediated by Agrobacterium Rhizogenes and Its Plumbagin
Authors: ZHAO Zian , Gao Suping , Hu Ju , Lei Ting , Zhou Yunzhu , Li Yirui , Liu Cailei
Published: January 2023

Agrobacterium rhizogene-mediated genetic transformation of hairy roots is an effective method to obtain secondary metabolites. In accordance with different genotypes, it is very specific and difficult to set up a stable genetic transformation system. The plumbagin is found in the roots of Plumbago auriculata L., a secondary metabolite with significant medicinal value, but the common root grows slowly, its accumulation period is lengthy (2–6 years). In this paper, we first explored the most effective A. rhizogene-mediated (A4, ATCC 15834, and LBA 9402) genetic transformation to induce hairy root of P. auriculata, and evaluated the plumbagin concentration in different root. The results showed that the leaves were soaked with bacterial solution for 25–30 min and then transferred to 1/2 MS + AS 100 µmol·L− 1 solid medium without preculture for 2-5d. After co culture, the leaves were transferred to 1/2 MS + Cef and sterilized with cefotaxime sodium. Under this scheme, all strains can induce hairy roots, with ATCC 15834 having the highest hairy root induction rate (86.78 ± 0.74%) and the earliest root emergence time (8.33 ± 0.58 d). 1-month-grown hairy root showed an increase in plumbagin content compared with the root of the same age group and 1-year-old live seedlings, with PAHR 15834 having the highest content of 38.95 mg·g− 1 DW, which was 72.13 times higher than the same age group and 3.95 times higher than that of 1-year-old live seedlings. This is an important experimental basis for further investigation of the biosynthesis mechanism of plumbagin and the feasibility of subsequent commercial production.
PROphylaxis for paTiEnts at risk of COVID-19 infecTion (PROTECT-V)
Authors: Humphrey Toby JL , Dosanjh Davinder , Hiemstra Thomas , Richter Alex , Chen-Xu Michael , Qian Wendi , Jha Vivekanand , Gatley Katrina , Adhikari Rakshya , Dowling Francis , Smith Rona Marie
Published: January 2023

Background: Despite the introduction of vaccination, there remains a need for pre-exposure prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Several patient groups are more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection by virtue of underlying health conditions, treatments received or suboptimal responses to vaccination.
Methods: PROTECT-V is a platform trial testing pre-exposure prophylactic interventions against SARS- CoV-2 infection in vulnerable patient populations (organ transplant recipients; individuals with oncological/haematological diagnoses, immune deficiency, or autoimmune diseases requiring immunosuppression or on dialysis). Multiple agents can be evaluated across multiple vulnerable populations sharing placebo groups, with the option of adding additional treatments at later time points as these become available. The primary endpoint is symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and each agent will be independently evaluated in real-time when the required number of events occur. Presently, three agents are approved in the platform: intranasal niclosamide, nasal and inhaled ciclesonide and intravenous sotrovimab.
Discussion: Despite the introduction of vaccination, there remains a need for pre-exposure prophylactic agents against SARS-CoV-2. Several patient groups are more vulnerable to COVID-19 disease by virtue of underlying health conditions, treatments received or suboptimal responses to vaccination.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04870333; EudraCT: 2020-004144-28.
Phosphate Fertilizers Broadcast and Applied on Rows in a High Fertility Tropical Soil Cultivated with Two Soybean Seasons
Authors: Barbosa Kássia de Paula , Rodrigues Carlos Ribeiro , Costa Ándreia Mendes da , Couto Raphael Lopes do , Cantão Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalvez , de Menezes Carlos César Evangelista , Rodrigues Tatiana Michlovská , Abreu Tâmara Pontes , Trindade Polyanna Ribeiro , Castoldi Gustavo , Carlos Leandro
Published: January 2023

Introduction
The efficiency of phosphate fertilization can be affected by phosphorus sources, application forms, soil characteristics, and plant species.
Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the responses of soybean crop under different sources of phosphate fertilizers and their forms of application.
Methods
The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 4 x 2 + 1 factorial, being four sources of phosphorus (simple superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monoammonium phosphate and reactive phosphate), two application techniques (broadcasting and on rows) and the control without phosphate fertilization. The variables evaluated were plant height, weight of 1,000 grains, grain and crop residue yield, agronomic efficiency, phosphorus content in leaves at stage R1, grains and crop residues, and P available in soil.
Results
In the 2016/2017 season there was drought stress in vegetative development stage of the plants, and under this condition fertilization with simple and triple superphosphate provided the highest grain yield and phosphorus exportation. In the 2017/2018 crop season, with the lowest water deficit, phosphate fertilization with soluble sources monoammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and simple superphosphate obtained the highest grain and export yields. The application technique of fertilizers did not alter the efficiency of the sources in both studied seasons. The application of reactive phosphate did not differ from treatments without phosphate fertilization.
Conclusions
Under the conditions of this study, phosphate fertilization increased soybean yield and reduce balance of phosphorus, while the forms of fertilizer application did not influence. The use of simple and triple superphosphate provided better results.
Cleaner energy, higher productivity? China's energy consumption transition and total factor productivity
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Ma Yongfan
Published: January 2023

New energy strategies are crucial to address energy and environmental issues, but the energy consumption transition may also affect firm behavior with unintended economic consequences. Using China's New Energy Demonstration City (NEDC) policy as a shock, this paper constructs a differences-in-differences model and examines the impact of energy consumption transition on firms' total factor productivity (TFP). It is found that the NEDC reduces firms' TFP by about 6.4%. This conclusion still holds after a series of robustness and endogeneity tests. The channel analysis demonstrates that the NEDC changes firms' investment preferences, making them more inclined to financial investments and deviating from their main business, resulting in efficiency losses. Furthermore, we explore that the preference for financial investment is mainly motivated by precautionary motives. This paper shows that the promotion and application of new energy may have certain economic costs. To better balance the benefits and costs of new energy strategies, the government and other relevant departments should increase policy flexibility and perfection.
Seafloor hydrothermal control on ocean dynamics in Enceladus
Authors: Bouffard Mathieu , Choblet Gaël , Amit Hagay , Tobie Gabriel , Cadek Ondrej , Terra-Nova Filipe
Published: January 2023

Cassini observations imply a global ocean underneath Enceladus' ice shell, with hydrothermal seafloor activity. Previous numerical simulations showed that convection in Enceladus' unconsolidated core produces heterogeneous seafloor heat flux explaining the South Pole ice thinning and plume activity. While there is evidence for efficient hydrothermal transport from the seafloor to the plumes, the ocean dynamics is strongly debated. Here, we perform 3-D numerical simulations of the ocean with a very heterogeneous bottom boundary condition from 3-D hydrothermal core simulations. We show that a strong zonal flow inhibits low-latitudes heat transfer while it remains efficient in polar regions, which explains the ice shell variations derived from gravity and topography observations. Using passive tracers, we predict rising times of hours to weeks, compatible with previous predictions. Our simulations confirm that a strong heterogeneous seafloor heat flux concentrates upwellings at the South Pole, efficiently transporting potential bio-signatures from hydrothermal vents to erupting plumes.
Water Quality, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Diarrheal Diseases among Children in Adadle District, Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Muhummed Abdifatah Muktar , Osman Yahya , Abdillahi Rahma , Hattendorf Jan , Zinsstag Jakob , Tschopp Rea , Cissé Guéladio
Published: January 2023

Even though simple and effective treatments are available for diarrhea, it remains one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of five, accounting for 1.6 million deaths in 2017. Inadequate access to safe drinking water, particularly for pastoralists in Ethiopia, who are compelled to search for water during dry season. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of drinking water, sanitation, hygiene, and the prevalence of diarrhea among pastoralists’ children in Ethiopian. Methodology: Using a questionnaire, a cross-sectional study of 538 randomly selected households was done in 2018 to assess the prevalence of diarrhea in children younger than five years old and its association with water quality, sanitation, and hygiene. Portable DelAgua field kits were utilized to evaluate sources and home water for Escherichia coli contamination (E. coli). Logistic regression was used to assess the risk factors of water quality and diarrhea. Results: The prevalence of diarrhea was found to be 26.6% and 31.4% in the first and second weeks, respectively. There was an association between the prevalence of diarrhea in children and the consumption of low-quality water, improper storage conditions, caregivers who did not wash their hands prior to feeding a child, whenever their hands were filthy, and children aged 12 to 24 months. In terms of drinking water, households dependent on river water and unprotected dug wells had a considerably greater likelihood of faecal contamination than those dependent on protected water (Barkad). With regard to sanitation, almost all of the households surveyed lacked basic sanitation (95.9%) and hygiene. Conclusion: Water quality, hand-washing practice, water storage conditions, and the age of the children were found to be significantly associated with diarrhea. Thus, the current burden of diarrheal diseases in these children can be reduced by promoting widespread use of proven preventative measures, such as increasing awareness on handwashing, sanitation, waste disposal management and better treatment of stored water, and periodic monitoring of water quality.
Long noncoding RNA LINC01594 inhibits the CELF6-mediated splicing of oncogenic CD44 variants to promote colorectal cancer metastasis.
Authors: Liu Bo-Wen , Song Angxi , Gui Pengkun , Wang Jin , Pan Yao-Jie , Li Chao , Li Shuai , Zhang Yi , Jiang Tao , Xu Yi-Xin , Huo Fu-Chun , Pei Dong-Sheng , Song Jun
Published: January 2023

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. However, the underlying mechanisms of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) need further exploration. By using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GEO databases, we identified a novel CRC-related lncRNA, LINC01594, that is significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo, gain- and loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that LINC01594 promotes metastasis in CRC. LINC01594 functions as a DNMT1 scaffold, increasing the level of CELF6 promoter methylation. LINC01594 also competitively binds the transcription factor p53, decreasing CELF6 expression. This inhibited the exon skipping of CD44 V4-V7 induced by CELF6. In summary, this study highlights a novel CRC biomarker and therapeutic target, LINC01594, and the findings suggest that the LINC01594-CELF6-CD44 axis might serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target in CRC.
Autophosphorylation of αCaMKII regulates alcohol consumption by controlling sedative effects of alcohol and alcohol-induced loss of excitatory synapses
Authors: Cały Anna , Ziolkowska Magdalena , Pagano Roberto , Salamian Ahmad , Sliwinska Malgorzata , Sotoudeh Narges , Bernaś Tytus , Radwańska Kasia
Published: January 2023

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a key enzyme at the glutamatergic synapses. CAMK2A gene variants have been linked with alcohol use disorder (AUD) by an unknown mechanism. Here, we looked for the link between αCaMKII autophosphorylation and the AUD etiology. Autophosphorylation-deficient heterozygous αCaMKII mutant mice (T286A+/-) were trained in the IntelliCages to test the role of αCaMKII activity in AUD-related behaviors. The glutamatergic synapses morphology in CeA was studied in the animals drinking alcohol using 3D electron microscopy. We found that T286A+/- mutants consumed less alcohol and were more sensitive to sedating effects of alcohol, as compared to wild-type littermates (WT). After voluntary alcohol drinking T286A+/- mice had less excitatory synapses in the CeA, as compared to alcohol-naive animals. This change correlated with alcohol consumption, was not reversed after alcohol withdrawal and not observed in WT mice. Our study suggests that αCaMKII autophosphorylation affects alcohol consumption by controlling sedative effects of alcohol and preventing synaptic loss in the individuals drinking alcohol. This finding advances our understanding of the molecular processes that regulate alcohol misuse.
Label-free nanoscale mapping of intracellular organelle chemistry
Authors: Greaves George , Kiryushko Darya , Auner Holger , Porter Alexandra , Phillips Chris
Published: January 2023

The ability to image cell chemistry at the nanoscale is key for understanding cell biology, but many optical microscopies are restricted by the ~250nm diffraction limit. Electron microscopy and super-resolution fluorescence techniques beat this limit, but rely on staining and specialised labelling to generate image contrast. It is challenging, therefore, to obtain information about the functional chemistry of intracellular components.
Here we demonstrate a technique for intracellular label-free chemical mapping with nanoscale (~30nm) resolution. We use a probe-based optical microscope illuminated with a mid-infrared laser whose wavelengths excite vibrational modes of functional groups occurring within biological molecules. As a demonstration, we chemically map intracellular structures in human multiple myeloma cells and compare the morphologies with electron micrographs of the same cell line. We also demonstrate quantitative and label-free mapping at multiple wavelengths chosen to target the chemical signatures of macromolecules, including proteins and nucleic acids, in a way that can be used to identify biochemical markers in the study of disease and pharmacology.
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans Infection In A 15-Year-Old Boy With Pulmonary Empyema: A Case Report And Review Of Literature
Authors: Mesturino Maria Alessia , Bitetti Carol , Clemente Anna , Krzysztofiak Andrzej , Lancella Laura , Lombardi Roberta , Cursi Laura , Boccuzzi Elena , Musolino Anna Maria , Villani Alberto
Published: January 2023

Background: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), previously known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a slow-growing Gram-negative coccobacillus, member of the HACEK group of bacteria colonizing oral flora. Besides causing infectious diseases in the oral cavity such as dental caries and periodontitis, it is responsible for severe extra-oral infections secondary to hematogenous spread or aspiration, such as endocarditis, soft tissue abscesses and osteomyelitis. The diagnosis depends on prolonged bacterial culture of biological material obtained through biopsy. Aa is susceptible to most antibiotics but complete eradication often requires a long term treatment.
Case presentation: We report the case of a 15-year-old previously healthy boy diagnosed with both pulmonary empyema and subphrenic chest wall abscess caused by Aa. He was admitted to our Pediatric Emergency department for evaluation of a right mass associated with marked asthenia and dry cough. After radiological findings etiological diagnosis was made by culture of fluid drainage of pleural empyema. He started empirical antibiotic therapy with intravenous piperacillin/tazobactam, whose sensibility was confirmed by the antibiogram, then, for occurrance of hepatopathy it was switched to ciprofloxacin: the patient almost completely recovered after 6-month therapy.
Conclusions: Extra-oral infections caused by Aa are extremely rare, especially in children, and not well described yet. To our knowledge, there is only another similar case described in literature. However, the case described in our manuscript represents the only one presenting with pulmonary empyema without involvement of lung parenchyma in children. We also conducted a brief review of published cases of Aa infection in the pediatric population. This case report reminds us the importance of an accurate inspection of the oral cavity during the examination of pediatric patients.