bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Therapeutic Role of CO-RMS: A Novel Perspective on Prostate Cancer Development
Authors: Pascual Gaston , Sabater Agustina , Sanchis Pablo , Seniuk Rocio , Cotignola Javier , Vazquez Elba , Motterlini Roberto , Toro Ayelén , Gueron Geraldine
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Carbon monoxide (CO) is recognized for its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative properties. The application of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) is thus a promising strategy for therapeutic interventions in various pathological conditions, particularly in the field of oncology. This study aims to evaluate the influence of CO-RMs on several key processes involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa).

METHODS

We assessed the effects of three water-soluble CO-RMs” CORM-3, CORM-401, and CORM-A1 (concentrations ranging from 25 to 150µM for 6 hours)” on two prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines: the androgen receptor-insensitive PC3 and the androgen receptor-dependent MDA PCa 2b. Cell viability was assessed using the MTS assay. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured via the DCFH-DA probe by confocal microscopy. Additionally, we performed migration and cell adhesion assays and evaluated several metabolic parameters, including ATP levels by luciferase assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity by kinetic assay. The expression of genes associated with oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and metabolism was quantified using real-time PCR. Statistical significance was predetermined at p<0.05.

RESULTS

Treatment with CO-RMs did not impact cell viability but notably decreased intracellular ROS levels (p<0.05). Moreover, this treatment was linked to increased cell adhesion and reduced migration, particularly following CORM-3 administration (p<0.05). Metabolic analysis revealed that CORM-401 treatment decreased ATP levels and LDH activity in the PC3 cell line (p<0.05), while increasing both ATP levels and LDH activity in the MDA PCa 2b cell line. Gene expression analysis confirmed a repressive effect of CO-RMs on markers of oxidative stress (SOD-2), metabolism (LDH), and angiogenesis (VEGF) (p<0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our findings suggest that CO-RMs can modulate key cellular processes relevant to PCa pathophysiology without affecting cell viability. These results underscore the potential of CO-RMs as modulators of oxidative stress, metabolism, and angiogenesis, presenting a novel avenue for therapeutic exploration in oncology.
Factors Affecting Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Delays in Ukraine
Authors: Liakh Anastasiia , Dzhemiliev Ali , Antoniv Marta , Uzlova Anna , Matiushenko Inesa , Reutova Mila , Kopetskyi Viacheslav , Huivaniuk Inesa , Beznosenko Andriy , Melnitchouk Nelya , Kizub Darya
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Prompt diagnosis is a key step in starting effective cancer treatment. The earlier the disease is detected, the more opportunities for successful treatment and improved prognosis. We explored perceived factors affecting cancer screening and treatment in Ukraine, which faced multiple challenges following Russia's invasion.

METHODS

Online surveys assessing cancer diagnosis and treatment delays in Ukraine were distributed to patients in Ukraine through cancer-focused social media in April 2023. For patients who reported experiencing delays in either diagnosis or treatment, the survey included open-ended questions inquiring about details of this and suggestions for improvement. Data was analyzed using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

Overall, 307 patients from all regions of Ukraine were surveyed. Out of them, 225 were women (73.29%), while men accounted for 26.71% of all cases. Breast cancer comprised 102 cases (33.22%), another type - 89 (29.10%), lymphoma 22 (7.17%), rectal cancer 17 (5.54%), head and neck cancer 15 (4.78%). Notably, 143 (46.59%) were diagnosed before the large-scale invasion, while the remaining 164 (53.42%) were diagnosed after. Of 307, 66 (21.5%) reported experiencing diagnostic delays. For these 66, primary reasons for delays included physician negligence for 17 (25.8%), expensive diagnostic tests 14 (21.2%), long waiting time for results 12 (18.2%), Russia's full-scale invasion for 8 (12,1%), incorrect initial diagnosis for 6 (9.1%), misinterpretation of test results for 4 (6.1%), difficulty organizing logistics from the initial visit to diagnosis 2 (3%), with incorrect sample collection, coronavirus infection, and physician refusing to provide treatment cited by 1 (1.5%) patient each. Of 307, 63 participants (20.5%) reported experiencing treatment delays. For the 53, reasons included the war situation for 13 (20.6%), high cost of treatment for 12 (19%), unavailability of prescribed medications for purchase in Ukraine for 12 (19%), suboptimal doctor-patient relationship for 9 (14.3%), long treatment waiting lists for 9 (14.3%), corruption cited by 5 (7.9%), and incomplete understanding of the treatment plan by the patients cited by 3 (4.8%).

CONCLUSION

Both diagnostic and treatment delays were fairly common among our respondents. Opportunities for improvement include strategies to enhance the doctor-patient relationship, improve affordability and accessibility of cancer therapy.
Global Landscape of Phase III Interventional Clinical Trials in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Adeoye Oluwatayo , Falade Ayo , Paciorek Alan , Buckle Geoffrey
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

This study aims to examine the global landscape of phase III interventional trials for colorectal cancer (CRC). Our analysis leverages the ClinicalTrials.gov database to evaluate trial characteristics, geographic distribution of trial sites, as well as predictors of premature trial termination.

METHODS

We queried the ClinicalTrials.gov database on 1/20/2023 to identify all phase III studies evaluating interventions among patients diagnosed with colorectal cancers since ClinicalTrials.gov's inception. Trial characteristics and reasons for termination were summarized using descriptive analyses. Pearson's chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare characteristics between completed and terminated trials. A multivariate logistic regression model was fit using stepwise variable selection and fit statistics were used to identify independent predictors of premature termination.

RESULTS

A total of 431 trials were identified. Most were randomized (94%), parallel assignment (88%), and open label (74%). Sixty-two percent reported systemic therapy as primary intervention. A total of 281 trials were completed or terminated. Of these, 49% recruited in Europe, 36% North America, and 35% Asia; only 6% recruited in Africa. A total of 62% recruited exclusively in high-income countries (HIC). Only 20% recruited exclusively in non-HIC countries. A total of 17% (n=47) terminated prematurely, 36% of these due to accrual difficulties. Comparisons of completed vs. terminated studies showed similarity in study populations, trial design, sponsors, and number of sites. Completed trials were less likely to have US-based recruitment sites (27% vs. 51%, p-value 0.001). In multivariate modeling, trials recruiting in the US and funded by the NIH were more likely to terminate (adjusted Odds Radio (aOR) 5.58 [95% CI 2.11-14.74] and aOR 3.86 [95% CI 1.09-13.61], respectively).

CONCLUSION

Analysis of the geographic distribution of clinical trials in CRC demonstrated major gaps in the trial activity globally. Most therapeutic trials in CRC take place in HICs, with strikingly few trials in Africa. Few factors emerged as significant predictors of termination: trials that were funded by the NIH and that recruited in the US were associated with premature termination. Further research into these factors could help inform stakeholders for future clinical trial planning.
Growth in the Brazilian Mortality Rate From Prostate Cancer Between the Years of 2011 and 2021
Authors: Afonso Mariana , Pires Rafaela , Loureiro Yasmin
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Compare the Brazilian mortality rate from prostate cancer with the global rate from 2011 to 2021. Propose a possible justification for the difference between Brazilian and global values.

METHODS

Cross-sectional, descriptive epidemiological study based on data collected from the Brazilian Mortality Atlas Online platform of the National Cancer Institute. The selected variable was the prostate cancer mortality rate in both the Brazilian population and the world population between 2011 and 2021. In addition, a secondary variable was used to verify the number of deaths by age group.

RESULTS

During the period from 2011 to 2021, Brazil recorded 162,918 deaths from prostate cancer, as well as a standard mortality rate of 14.76. In contrast, the global standard rate during this same period was 12.2, a relevant difference for a developing country. When analyzing mortality rates in detail, it is noted that, in 2011, the Brazilian value was 13.63, while the world value was 12.98. In 2016, the Brazilian rate had increased to 14.87, but the world rate decreased to 12.43. In 2021, the Brazilian value was 15.63, while the global value was 11.19. Furthermore, 43.75% of deaths refer to men aged 80 or over, while 34.20% of total deaths from prostate cancer refer to the age group of 70 to 79 years.

CONCLUSION

Therefore, the increase in deaths in Brazil due to the primary cause of prostate cancer per 100,000 men stands out, while, worldwide, there is a tendency towards a lower rate. A possible justification is the disparity of social and environmental factors in Brazilian territory, such as unequal access to treatment, indiscriminate use of substances that increase the incidence of cancer (tobacco, alcohol and obesity) and Brazilian conservatism in relation to body care on the part of men. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that, during the last decade, the existing prejudice surrounding the prevention of diseases in the male reproductive system has continued and, consequently, the majority of Brazilians refuse to have routine consultations with a urologist. Consequently, the difficulty of treating and curing prostate cancer increases when this diagnosis occurs at a more advanced stage of life, as the highest percentage of deaths occurs in old age.
Highlighting Interventions of Priority for Cervical Cancer Elimination in Nigeria
Authors: Lawal Ishak , Lawal Qudus , Otene Samuel A. , Alhassan Adamu U. , Ahmadu Tessy , Ogunmola Olajumoke M. , Suleiman Sharon Abrazado , Amure Ifeoluwa Alice , Omoladun Rachel
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

The World Health Organization's Cervical Cancer Elimination Initiative (CCEI) proposed a roadmap for the world to eliminate cervical cancer by the turn of the century. While most developed countries have a demonstrable pathway to attain the cervical cancer elimination targets, most developing countries on the other hand don't have a clear path to attain the targets. The Stakeholders' Summit for Cervical Cancer Elimination in Nigeria was conceptualized to provide a platform for cross fertilization of ideas amongst stakeholders whose activities can impact Nigeria's ability to attain the targets. We hereby present the report of the first summit.

METHODS

This is a narrative review of the implementation process of the first Stakeholders' Summit on Cervical Cancer Elimination in Nigeria and report of interventions of priority towards achieving the cervical cancer elimination targets highlighted by the stakeholders. The organizing committee applied Delphi technique to identify the interventions of priority to be highlighted while the stakeholders at the summit discussed barriers and facilitators to implementation of the highlighted interventions.

RESULTS

The organizing committee of the summit was made up of 11 members and a total of 98 stakeholders attended the summit. Effective communication strategies to mitigate misinformation was highlighted as intervention of priority towards achieving the 90% HPV vaccination coverage. Integrated services was highlighted as a priority strategy towards achieving 70% screening coverage. Health system strengthening for equitable access to treatment was highlighted as priority intervention towards achieving 90% coverage. And lastly, development of a robust database was highlighted as a priority intervention. The summit also laid the ground for formation of various collaborations for cervical cancer elimination.

CONCLUSION

There are a number of isolated interventions on cervical cancer prevention in Nigeria that can be leveraged to provide a path to cervical cancer elimination. Coordinating and synergizing these activities should be the immediate priority for cervical cancer prevention and control.
Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Derbie Awoke , Mekonnen Daniel , Nibret Endalkachew , Maier Melanie , Woldeamanuel Yimtubezinash , Abebe Tamrat
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Etiologically associated with infection by high-risk Human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths globally and this is also true in among Ethiopian women. To develop efficient vaccination and HPV-based cervical cancer screening approaches, data on genotype distribution of HPVs is vital. Hence, the study was aimed to review HPV genotype distribution in Ethiopia.

METHODS

Research articles were systematically searched using comprehensive search strings from PubMed/Medline and SCOPUS. Besides, Google Scholar was searched manually for grey literature. The last search was conducted on 18 August 2021. The first two authors independently appraised the studies for scientific quality and extracted the data using Excel sheet. The pooled HPV genotype distribution was presented with descriptive statistics.

RESULTS

We have included ten studies that were reported from different parts of the country during the period of 2005 and 2019. These studies included a total of 3,633 women presented with different kinds of cervical abnormalities, from whom, 29 different HPV genotypes with a sum of 1,926 sequences were reported. The proportion of high-risk, possible/probable high-risk and low-risk HPVs were at 1,493 (77.5%), 182 (9.4%) and 195 (10.1%), respectively. Of the reported genotypes, the top five were HPV 16 (37.3% 95% CI: 35.2.1-39.5%), HPV 52 (6.8% 95% CI: 5.8-8.0%), HPV 35 (4.8% 95% CI: 3.9-5.8%), HPV 18 (4.4% 95% CI: 3.5-5.3%) and HPV 56 (3.9%: 95% CI: 3.1-4.9%). Some of other HR-HPV groups include HPV 31 (3.8%), HPV 45 (3.5%), HPV 58 (3.1%), HPV 59(2.3%), and HPV 68 (2.3%). Among the high-risk types, the combined prevalence of HPV 16/18 was at 53.7% (95% CI: 51.2-56.3%). HPV 11 (2.7%: 95% CI: 2.1-3.5%), HPV 42 (2.1%: 95% CI: 1.5-2.8%) and HPV 6 (2.1%: 95% CI: 1.4-2.7%) were the most common low-risk HPV types.

CONCLUSION

We noted that the proportion of HR-HPV types was higher and HPV 16 in particular, but also HPV 52 and 35, warrant special attention in Ethiopian’s vaccination and HPV based cervical screening programs of Ethiopia. Additional data from other parts of the country where there is no previous report are needed to better map the national HPV genotypes distribution of Ethiopia.
Incidence of Brain Tumors and Its Radiotherapy Treatment Adherence: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Velarde López Angel Alfonso , Mutic Sasa , de Falla Vicky
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

According to Global Cancer Statistics in 2022, there were 321,731 new cases of brain and CNS cancers diagnosed, with an age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) for brain and CNS cancers of 3.5 per 100,000 population, from which 248,500 were cancer-related deaths worldwide and have been found to be in the top ten causes of death. Radiosurgery is used to treat brain tumors with remarkable precision and is a safe option for patients also with brain metastases. In Guatemala Radiation therapy is a national priority, because of the 9,800 patients requiring radiation therapy, only 50% receive radiation therapy, and radiosurgery for brain tumors are far from starting for the underserved patients with cancer. Therefore, we aim to determine the incidence of brain tumors and its radiotherapy adherence for patients attending the only comprehensive cancer center (LIGA-Incan).

METHODS

A retrospective study was conducted to estimate the ASR of brain tumors from 475 patients diagnosed during the years 2006 to 2020 of age 15 years or older. A comparison was established among men(n=106) and women (n=106) who underwent radiotherapy. Descriptive analysis was applied to the variables age, radiotherapy adherence, basis for diagnosis and tumor stage.

RESULTS

There were 475 patients with CNS tumors of malignant diagnosis, from which 89.76% and 90.91% was based on the histology of the primary tumor in women and men respectively. The overall ASR was 3.90 per 100,000 person-years. Glioblastoma 78 (34.51%) and 55 (25.0%), Astrocytoma 59 (26.11%) and 59 (26.82%), Oligodendroglioma 23 (10.18%) and 30 (13.64%) in women and men respectively. Median age was 44 years for women and 42 for men. Radiotherapy was started in 212(44.63%), from which 106 were women, and radiotherapy adherence completed in 101(47.64%), from which 52(49.06%) were women. Staging was available only for 11 patients (1 patient in stage I, 3 in stage II, 4 in stage III and 3 in stage IV).

CONCLUSION

Brain tumors are receiving conventional radiotherapy. Therefore, efforts are needed for cooperation that can fruitfully fund the establishment of equipment of radiosurgery for the underserved patients of Guatemala with brain tumors.
Leveraging Implementation Science to Optimize Strategies for Cancer Control in Mexico and Latin America
Authors: Fernandez Maria , Saldaña Karla Unger , Lajous Martin , Potter Michael , Millett Mary-Louise E. , Ibarra Leticia Torres , Chavez Cesar Rodriguez , Duque Erika Mendoza , Balasubramanian Bijal
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE

Coordinated efforts to bridge cancer control research and practice in Latin America are desperately needed to advance global cancer control equity. Although implementation science applied to this issue is growing in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs), major gaps remain. The purpose of the effort described below was to establish the Leveraging Implementation Science to Optimize Strategies (LISTOS) for Cancer Control Center to advance equitable uptake, use, and sustainment of effective cancer control interventions in Mexico and Latin America by strengthening implementation research and capacity.

METHODS

A transdisciplinary team of investigators in Mexico and the U.S. engaged researchers, and community and stakeholder partners to identify priorities for advancing cancer control through implementation science in Latin America. Supported by the National Cancer Institute’s Global Implementation Science for Equitable Cancer Control initiative, LISTOS was established. The goal is to bridge critical gaps in cancer control by enhancing implementation research capacity and conducting impactful research to promote equitable uptake, utilization, and sustainability of effective cancer control interventions. Rooted in the concept of readiness (“listos” in Spanish), the center focuses on preparing organizations and research teams to optimize the implementation of evidence-based cancer control interventions.

RESULTS

LISTOS encompasses two subthemes: 1) adapting EBIs and implementation strategies to align with diverse populations and settings, and, 2) developing strategies to enhance and expedite the adoption, integration, scale-up, and sustainability of EBIs. The team planned two initial studies to tackle implementation challenges related to adaptation and implementation of colorectal cancer screening in primary care and implementation of integrated care for timely diagnosis of breast cancer. Breast cancer and colorectal cancer are among the most burdensome cancers in Mexico, and preventive and early detection interventions that can greatly improve their control.

CONCLUSION

LISTOS endeavors to drive significant advancements in cancer control implementation science, ultimately leading to improved cancer outcomes and reduced disparities in the region.
Previous Coronavirus Disease-2019 Infection and Lung Mechanics in Surgical Patients: A Hospital Registry Study
Authors: Suleiman Aiman , Munoz-Acuna Ricardo , Redaelli Simone , Ahrens Elena , Tartler Tim M. , Ashrafian Sarah , Hashish May M. , Santarisi Abeer , Chen Guanqing , Riedel Stefan , Talmor Daniel , Baedorf Kassis Elias N. , Schaefer Maximilian S. , Goodspeed Valerie
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:

Long-term pulmonary complications have been reported after a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We hypothesized that a history of COVID-19 is associated with a measurable decrease in baseline respiratory system compliance in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

METHODS:

In this hospital registry study, we included adult patients undergoing general anesthesia between January 2020 and March 2022 at a tertiary health care network in Massachusetts. We excluded patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status >IV, laryngoscopic surgeries, and patients who arrived intubated. The primary exposure was a history of COVID-19. The primary outcome was baseline respiratory system compliance (mL/cmH2O). Effects of severity of infection, surges (Alpha1, Alpha2, Delta, and Omicron), patient demographics, and time between infection and assessment of compliance were investigated.

RESULTS:

A total of 19,921 patients were included. Approximately 1386 (7.0%) patients had a history of COVID-19. A history of COVID-19 at any time before surgery was associated with a measurably lower baseline respiratory system compliance (ratio of meansadj = 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94–0.97; P < .001; adjusted compliance difference: −1.6 mL/cmH2O). The association was more pronounced in patients with a severe form of COVID-19 (ratio of meansadj = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90–0.99; P = .02, adjusted compliance difference: −2 mL/cmH2O). Alpha1, Alpha2, and Delta surges, but not Omicron, led to a lower baseline respiratory system compliance (P < .001, P = .02, and P < .001). The Delta surge effect was magnified in Hispanic ethnicity (P-for-interaction = 0.003; ratio of meansadj = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74–0.93; P = .001; adjusted compliance difference: −4.6 mL/cmH2O).

CONCLUSIONS:

A history of COVID-19 infection during Alpha1, Alpha2, and Delta surges was associated with a measurably lower baseline respiratory system compliance.
Medical Malpractice in Neurosurgery: An Analysis of Claims in the Netherlands
Authors: Dronkers Wouter J. , Buis Dennis R. , Amelink Quirine J. M. A. , Bouma Gert-Joan , Peul Wilco C. , Vandertop W. Peter , Broekman Marike L. D. , Hendriks Aart C. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Spoor Jochem K. H.
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Studying malpractice claims is important to improve quality of health care and patient safety and to educate the individual healthcare providers. The objective of this study was to describe characteristics of neurosurgical claims in the Netherlands.

METHODS:

A nationwide retrospective observational study of neurosurgery-related claims closed by Centramed and MediRisk, 2 major insurance companies in the Netherlands, was performed. Relevant data, including type of neurosurgical pathology, theme and category of the claim, type and severity of injury, outcome, and financial burden, were extracted from anonymized claim files. The estimated annual risk was used to determine the risk for claims by adjusting for the number of annually practicing neurosurgeons in the Netherlands.

RESULTS:

A total of 388 claims against neurosurgeons were closed between 2007 and 2021. Liability was denied in a slight majority of claims (n = 230; 59%). The total burden during this period was €6 165 000 (amount paid out to patients: €5 497 000). The estimated annual risk per Dutch neurosurgeon for a claim was 15.5%, meaning 1 claim per 6.5 years. The case-level analysis of 238 available anonymized claims revealed that most claims were related to spinal pathology (81.5%), followed by cranial pathology (10.9%) and peripheral nerve (7.6%). The motivations for filing claims were mostly related to alleged surgical (56.3%) or diagnostic errors (22.3%). Most of these claims were denied (151/238; 63.4%), and fewer were settled (42/238; 17.6%), sustained (31/238; 13.0%), or closed without final decision (14/238; 5.9%).

CONCLUSION:

Neurosurgery-related malpractice claims primarily involved spinal pathology and were mostly related to alleged treatment errors. Most claims did not result in compensation because there seemed to be no liability or culpable injury. However, the annual risk for a claim for Dutch neurosurgeons is considerable.
An algorithm measuring the charisma of Greek journalists
Authors: Kaimaki Valia , Ampeliotis Dimitris , Sgora Aggeliki , Konidaris Agisilaos , Polykalas Spyros
Published: July 2024

X, formerly, Twitter is considered a valuable tool for journalists for real-time interaction with their followers. Especially, in the case of political journalists, the degree of their influence and persuasion is of great importance. In this paper, we deal with identifying the journalists’ political charisma. More specifically we propose an algorithm based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process method to measure the political charisma of the journalists. Numerical results in two different use-case scenarios showed that the proposed algorithm could successfully determine charisma in that it tweaks influence towards a more specific political direction.
Stavrakakis, Y. and Katsambekis, G. (2024). Research Handbook on Populism. Edward Elgar Hardback ISBN: 9781800379688. ebook ISBN: 9781800379695
Authors: Newth George
Published: July 2024

N/A
In silico drug repurposing using molecular docking and dynamics to target the protein interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein and the ACE2 receptor
Authors: Hussein Dania , Almatrafi Abdullah , Gomaa Mohammed , Alhowsawi AlAnood , Almustafa Sarah , Alsaihaty Hadi , Alghamdi Manar
Published: July 2024

Background: The protein interaction between the viral surface S-glycoprotein and the host angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor (ACE2) is key to the virulent nature of SARS-CoV-2. The potential role that effective drug repurposing strategies may have to help stem the impact of future outbreaks has been brought to light in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. This study outlines a comprehensive approach towards in-silico drug discovery which aims to identify hit agents that can be suitably translated into a clinical setting. Methods: We use two different computational platforms to analyze the viral S-glycoprotein in its bound conformational state to the ACE2 receptor. We employed a comprehensive screening approach to shortlist compounds capable of binding to the viral target interface and corroborated these findings using both Schrödinger’s Glide and AutoDock Vina. Molecular dynamic simulation studies further verified the stability of the interaction at the viral-host protein interface. Results: Lymecycline, pentagalloylglucose, polydatin, and hexoprenaline were identified as prime candidates for further studies given the robust and stable nature of their interaction at the viral-host interface and relevance for clinical testing. These agents were shown in a 100-nanosecond simulation trajectory to favorably disrupt key binding interactions at the viral-host interface and may potentially inhibit viral entry into host cells. In all hit molecules it was observed that inhibiting the interaction with the following key viral binding residues: Lys17, Gly496, Tyr 505, and key host residues: His34, Asp38, Lys353, played a critical role toward the inhibition of the viral-host protein interaction. Conclusions: Our study is unique in its comprehensive approach to identify agents that can bind to the S-glycoprotein-ACE2 interface using multiple computational platforms. Among the hit compounds shortlisted in this study, both lymecycline and hexoprenaline may be considered as candidates for preliminarily clinical studies to assess their therapeutic potential in the management of COVID-19 infections.
Factors influencing implementation of digital cardiac rehabilitation: A qualitative analysis of health workers perspectives
Authors: Gibson Irene , Kerins Claire , Foley Louise , Hynes Lisa , Byrne Molly , Murphy Andrew William , Reardon Caitlin Marie , McEvoy John William , Meade Oonagh
Published: July 2024

Background Despite growing evidence for the effectiveness of digital cardiac rehabilitation (CR) uptake of this technology remains low. Understanding the factors that influence implementation of digital CR in clinical practice is a growing area of research. The aim of this nested qualitative study was to explore health worker perspectives on factors influencing implementation of a digital CR programme. Methods Using convenience sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with health workers, including health care professionals (nurses, dietitians, physiotherapists) and those in administrative and managerial roles who were involved in delivering and referring patients to Croí MySláinte, a 12-week digital CR intervention delivered during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic. The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) guided data collection and framework analysis. Results Interviews were conducted with 14 health workers. Factors influencing implementation of Croí MySláinte were multiple, with some operating independently and others in combination. They related to: (i) characteristics of individuals (e.g., senior leadership support, commitment and motivation of Health workers to meet patient needs, technical capability, workload and perceived fit with role); (ii) features of the programme (e.g., accessibility and convenience for patients, the digital platform, patient self- monitoring tools, the multidisciplinary team and core components); (iii) the external environment (e.g., partnership and connections between organisations, broadband and COVID-19); (iv) the internal environment (e.g., organisational culture, teamwork, resources including funding, digital infrastructure and staffing); and (v) the implementation process (e.g., engaging patients through provision of technical support). Conclusion The study findings suggest that factors influencing implementation of digital CR operate at multiple levels. Therefore, multi-level implementation strategies are required if the true potential of digital health in improving equitable cardiac rehabilitation access, participation and patient outcomes is to be realised.
Unenhanced computed tomography as a diagnostic tool in suspected pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective cross-sectional pilot study
Authors: Goh Ze Ming , Johns Christopher S. , Julius Tarik , Barnes Samual , Dwivedi Krit , Elliot Charlie , Sharkey Michael , Alkanfar Dheyaa , Charalampololous Thanos , Hill Catherine , Rajaram Smitha , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. , Swift Andrew J.
Published: July 2024

Background Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has been proposed to be diagnostic for pulmonary hypertension (PH) in multiple studies. However, the utility of the unenhanced CT measurements diagnosing PH has not been fully assessed. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility and reproducibility of cardiac and great vessel parameters on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) in suspected pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods In total, 42 patients with suspected PH who underwent unenhanced CT thorax and right heart catheterization (RHC) were included in the study. Three observers (a consultant radiologist, a specialist registrar in radiology, and a medical student) measured the parameters by using unenhanced CT. Diagnostic accuracy of the parameters was assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Inter-observer variability between the consultant radiologist (primary observer) and the two secondary observers was determined by intra-class correlation analysis (ICC). Results Overall, 35 patients were diagnosed with PH by RHC while 7 patients were not. Main pulmonary arterial (MPA) diameter was the strongest (AUC 0.79 to 0.87) and the most reproducible great vessel parameter. ICC comparing the MPA diameter measurement of the consultant radiologist to the specialist registrar’s and the medical student’s were 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. Right atrial area was the cardiac measurement with highest accuracy and reproducibility (AUC 0.76 to 0.79; ICC 0.980, 0.950) followed by tricuspid annulus diameter (AUC 0.76 to 0.79; ICC 0.790, 0.800). Conclusions MPA diameter and right atrial areas showed high reproducibility. Diagnostic accuracies of these were within the range of acceptable to excellent, and might have clinical value. Tricuspid annular diameter was less reliable and less diagnostic and was therefore not a recommended diagnostic measurement.
The genome sequence of the particolored bat, Vespertilio murinus Linnaeus, 1758
Authors: Vandendriessche Bob , Martel An , Mai Meike , Teeling Emma C. , Vernes Sonja C. ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Vespertilio murinus (the particolored bat; Chordata; Mammalia; Chiroptera; Vespertilionidae). The genome sequence is 1,925.6 megabases in span. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 20 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X and Y sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 16.96 kilobases in length.
The genome sequence of the Dark Crimson Underwing moth, Catocala sponsa Linnaeus, 1767
Authors: Broad Gavin R. ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Catocala sponsa (the Dark Crimson Underwing; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Erebidae). The genome sequence spans 803.70 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the Z and W sex chromosomes. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 15.57 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl identified 13,493 protein-coding genes.
The genome sequence of a jewel beetle, Agrilus biguttatus (Fabricius, 1776)
Authors: Garland Steve ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Management, Samples and Laboratory team,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: Sequencing Operations,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life Core Informatics team,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: July 2024

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Agrilus biguttatus (jewel beetle; Arthropoda; Insecta; Coleoptera; Buprestidae). The genome sequence spans 368.10 megabases. Most of the assembly is scaffolded into 11 chromosomal pseudomolecules, including the X sex chromosome. The mitochondrial genome has also been assembled and is 17.41 kilobases in length.
Conservation assessment of endemic plants from Chitral Region, Pakistan
Authors: Noor Ayesha , Khanum Rizwana , Ahmed Aijaz
Published: July 2024

Chitral has diverse importance and has designated as a biodiversity hotspot of the country due to junction of Hindu Kush, Himalayan and Karakorum ranges, thus supporting maximum number of endemic plants.
The conservation status of those endemic plants was assessed for three years, which have at least few points’ data as per IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria 2011, 2017and relied more on B criterion using “GeoCat” for AOO and EOO assessment. Some of the taxa were also compared with their previous status assessed ten years ago. This guideline will assist in country’s policies for conservation, threat assessment and sustainable management.
Assessing a total of fifteen endemic taxa (species and subspecies), most are endemic to Chitral except Anaphalis chitralensis and Impatiens lemannii (both country’s endemic).Twelve species fall in the criteria for Endangered (EN) where as two species fall under Vulnerable (VU) and one falls in critically endangered (CE) threat category. The most CE (critically endangered) species is Astragalus commixtus with only 56 mature individuals while Astragalus erionotus, Delphinium kohatense were found to as VU (Vulnerable), rest all species like Polygonum cognatum, Plocama asperuliformus etc. are EN (Endangered). These species need immediate strategies for in-situ and ex-situ conservation for survival.
Representaciones de la Colonialidad: Identidad Andaluza.
Authors: Márquez-Gento Petra , Márquez-Gento Maria A.
Published: July 2024

La construcción de identidades subalternas y periféricas durante el colonialismo hispano durante los siglos XVI-XIX respondía a una supuesta ideología de la supremacía blanca, la cual excluía a Andalucía como componente del proyecto colonizador. Nuestro objetivo principal es investigar sobre las representaciones de la colonialidad en el ámbito de la identidad andaluza. Partiendo de un enfoque postestructuralista, se aplica una metodología cualitativa que permite interpretar de las representaciones sociales, a través de los resultados obtenidos por entrevistas abiertas a 12 personas del norte de España. Entre los resultados destaca la opinión de que existe un elemento que contribuye a la (re)estereotipación de la identidad andaluza, que es su difusión en medios de comunicación. Se confirma que es posible desvelar las relaciones de dominación que se producen entre grupos de personas del norte y del sur de España a través de las representaciones sobre lo andaluz, que simbolizan un proceso de etnificación.
Desigualdades de Género en los Trabajos de Cuidados en la Economía Popular.
Authors: Sayago-Peralta Eliana-Gabriela
Published: July 2024

Las desigualdades de género de mujeres que trabajan en la economía popular (EP) suelen estar marcadas por parámetros tales como las tareas de cuidados no remunerados, los ingresos económicos y las credenciales educativas. Este estudio tiene por objetivo describir el caso de las condiciones de vida y trabajo de las feriantes de entre 27 y 54 años pertenecientes al Movimiento de Trabajadores Excluidos (MTE) de Santiago del Estero (Argentina), con especial atención al impacto de covid 19. La metodología aplicada es cualitativa, realizando entrevistas en profundidad a mujeres con cargas de cuidado familiares y comunitarias del Barrio Villa de Carmen y Reconquista de Santiago del Estero (Argentina). Los resultados destacan su trabajo en el marco del Programa “Potenciar Trabajo” porque contrarrestan los efectos negativos del funcionamiento del mercado de trabajo construyendo repertorios de acción colectiva, atendiendo las demandas puntuales del sector de la economía popular y creando una organización popular de los cuidados mediante redes de colaboración.
Jóvenes en el targeting electoral: la campaña de Vox en Andalucía 2022.
Authors: Danet-Danet Alina , Ruiz-Díaz Lucas J.
Published: July 2024

Los jóvenes se han convertido en destinatarios principales de las campañas de los partidos de derecha radical populista Europeos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los mensajes emitidos al electorado juvenil, en el caso del partido político Vox, durante la campaña del 19J 2022 al Parlamento de Andalucía (España). El análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) de una selección de fuentes de prensa general y del programa electoral del partido desveló cómo los mensajes nativistas y conservadores generaron una visión unitaria, esencialista y estereotipada de la juventud como parte de la nación española. A partir de la emocionalización y espectacularización de la campaña y de sus actores protagonistas, los discursos retrotópicos se construyeron a partir de una doble retórica de confrontación y victimización de la población joven. Desde una perspectiva de género, el análisis también reveló que la conexión emocional con los jóvenes se basó en la supremacía masculina de Santiago Abascal y la subalternidad de la candidata a la presidencia, Macarena Olona, cuya proyección mediática combinó el modelo de feminidad tradicional con la imagen de mujer combativa y competente, exponente de la lucha por los valores españolistas.
CRM como factor clave de las organizaciones ante la ventaja competitiva: Impacto y ventajas del CRM en las organizaciones.
Authors: Beltran Carolina
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo analiza la conceptualización de CRM (Customer Relationship Management) o gestión de las relaciones con el cliente, en donde se exponen diversos puntos de interés de dicha temática, tales como el impacto y el auge que ha ido desarrollando en las organizaciones a través del tiempo. Aunado a ello, el CRM se expone como un factor de cambio global estratégico dentro de una compañía, cuyo enfoque principal es la satisfacción del cliente: la empresa logrará brindar un servicio más efectivo y de mejor calidad para sus clientes, realizar ventas y concluir negocios con mayor eficiencia, una optimización y mejora de los procesos en relación con el marketing y ventas, disminución de costos, desarrollo de la rentabilidad y una de las más significativas, la fidelidad de los consumidores.
The Transmission of Economic Shocks in Multidivisional Organizations: An Empirical Analysis of the Global Retail Industry
Authors: Sohl Timo , McCann Brian T. , Vroom Govert
Published: July 2024

Capital allocation research has long argued that divisions of multidivisional organizations may be relatively advantaged compared with standalone firms when external capital markets are less efficient. As a complement to this literature that largely focuses on deficiencies in the supply of external capital, we theorize about the effects of disruptions to internal capital markets. More specifically, we explore the impact of parent-level financial shocks on the growth of divisions. We first argue that the effects of a crisis in a parent country disrupt the supply of internal capital available to foreign divisions, resulting in significantly reduced asset growth in these divisions. Next, we offer an initial step toward developing comprehensive understanding of the contextual influences that may intensify or attenuate the effect of shocks by theorizing a broad set of moderators that consider the parent level, parent-division linkages, and the division level within multidivisional organizations. Analyses of 1,968 geographic divisions of multinational retailers across 92 host countries show that effects of parent financial crises on division investment depend on factors influencing the degree of parent exposure, shock transmission, and division adaptability.

Funding: This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades [Grants PID2020-115660GB-I00 and RYC2022-036434-I].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2022.16521 .
Time to Shine: Development of a new clinical model for a school health service: A practice development case study
Authors: Pearce Sheila
Published: July 2024

In the autumn of 2021, a project was commissioned by the chief nursing officer of Central London Community Healthcare NHS Trust (CLCH). The aim was to review the existing school health provision across all six boroughs where school health was delivered, to propose a revised clinical model to meet the needs of the service, to ensure the voice of children and young people was incorporated and to ensure wide staff involvement in the development of the future model. At the end of the project a new skill mix clinical model, based on a demand and capacity tool, was agreed. A new approach to case conference attendance was introduced, a complexity tool was developed to support the allocation of staff to schools, training requirements for community school staff nurses were identified and provided via the in-house electronic learning system and a children and young people's forum was established.
Highlights, inspiration, and affirmation from the 80th School Nursing Congress in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Bekaert Sarah
Published: July 2024

Sarah Bekaert shares some of the highlights from the recent school nursing congress in Sweden, including a collaborative effort towards growing the school nursing evidence base and discussion surrounding workforce.
The influence of 10 kVp and 15% rule applications on patient dose and image quality in extremities radiography: A phantom study
Authors: Chusin Thunyarat ,   Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand, Sudchai Waraporn , Jitnarin Napassorn , Sridaungpang Sirinya , Aree Sudarat , Potup Pachuen ,   Thailand Institute on Nuclear Technology, Nakornnayok Province, Thailand,   Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand,   Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand,   Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand,   Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Published: July 2024

Background: Optimizing image quality and radiation dose is crucial in general radiography, adhering to the As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principle. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of applying the 10 kVp and 15% rules on image quality and patient dose in extremity X-ray imaging using both computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR) systems. Materials and methods: X-ray imaging of hand, elbow, knee, and foot phantoms was performed using three different exposure techniques on both CR and DR systems. These techniques included the standard technique (ST) based on the established guidelines of the imaging systems, increased 10 kVp with a 50% mAs reduction from ST (10 kVp rule), and increased 15% kVp with a 50% mAs reduction from ST (15% rule). The entrance skin dose (ESD) was measured using nanoDot™placed on the phantom’s surface. The physical image qualities in contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and figure of merit (FOM) were utilized to assess the balance between image quality and radiation doses. Results: The ESD was reduced by an average of -16% and -25% when applying the 10 kVp and 15% rules for all extremity imaging. This reduction decreased image CNR by -18% and -12%, respectively. There was no significant difference in CNR between the 15% and 10 kVp rule techniques for all extremity examinations in both CR and DR systems (p>0.05). Meanwhile, the exposure and deviation indexes remained within the established guidelines for CR and DR systems. However, the FOM values tended to be greater with the 15% rule technique than other techniques. Conclusion: The ESD reduction was observed when applying the 10 kVp and 15% rules for all extremity imaging, both in CR and DR systems, with a slight degradation in image quality. The 15% rule represents the best option for optimization of image quality and patient dose based on the FOM results.