bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeted interventions for patellofemoral pain syndrome (TIPPS): classification of clinical subgroups
Authors: Selfe James , Callaghan Michael , Witvrouw Erik , Richards James , Dey Maria Paola , Sutton Chris , Dixon John , Martin Denis , Stokes Maria , Janssen Jessie , Ritchie Elizabeth , Turner David
Published: September 2013

Introduction

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) can cause significant pain leading to limitations in societal participation and physical activity. An international expert group has highlighted the need for a classification system to allow targeted intervention for patients with PFP; we have developed a work programme systematically investigating this. We have proposed six potential subgroups: hip abductor weakness, quadriceps weakness, patellar hypermobility, patellar hypomobility, pronated foot posture and lower limb biarticular muscle tightness. We could not uncover any evidence of the relative frequency with which patients with PFP fell into these subgroups or whether these subgroups were mutually exclusive. The aim of this study is to provide information on the clinical utility of our classification system.

Methods and analysis

150 participants will be recruited over 18 months in four National Health Services (NHS) physiotherapy departments in England. Inclusion criteria: adults 18–40 years with PFP for longer than 3 months, PFP in at least two predesignated functional activities and PFP elicited by clinical examination. Exclusion criteria: prior or forthcoming lower limb surgery; comorbid illness or health condition; and lower limb training or pregnancy. We will record medical history, demographic details, pain, quality of life, psychomotor movement awareness and knee temperature. We will assess hip abductor and quadriceps weakness, patellar hypermobility and hypomobility, foot posture and lower limb biarticular muscle tightness.

The primary analytic approach will be descriptive. We shall present numbers and percentages of participants who meet the criteria for membership of (1) each of the subgroups, (2) none of the subgroups and (3) multiple subgroups. Exact (binomial) 95% CIs for these percentages will also be presented.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by National Research Ethics Service (NRES) Committee North West—Greater Manchester North (11/NW/0814) and University of Central Lancashire (UCLan) Built, Sport, Health (BuSH) Ethics Committee (BuSH 025). An abstract has been accepted for the third International Patellofemoral Pain Research Retreat, Vancouver, September 2013.
Bowing, kneeling and ‘prostration’: athlete's collapse patterns during sudden cardiac arrhythmia/arrest on the field of play
Authors: Baltsezak Stanislav
Published: September 2013

Background

Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) on the field of play remains one of the most tragic and challenging events for a team physician. Even with robust regular preparticipation cardiac screening we cannot prevent all cases of SCA. Ability to recognise imminent cardiac arrest occurring on the field of play remains an important step in managing this condition without delay.

Methods

You Tube was searched for video clips clearly depicting the sequence of an athlete's collapse of cardiac origin. A pattern of collapse was subsequently analysed.

Results

13 cases were available for public viewing on You Tube and demonstrated the final position of collapse. 12 collapses had full video footage of athlete's fall. All athletes were men. 84.6% (11) cases were from football (soccer). 15.4% (2) of cases were from martial arts. In 10 out of 12 cardiac event cases (83.3%) bowing and/or kneeling were followed by decubitus position. 58.3% (7) of cases demonstrated bowing at the beginning of collapse. 58.3% (7) cases had kneeling as an element of collapse. 61.5% (8 out of 13 cases) of casualties adopted position of ‘prostration’ (ie, prone) as final stage of collapse.

Conclusions

When on the field of play, in the absence of head injury, athletes displaying bowing and/or kneeling positions followed by collapse should be assumed to have a life-threatening cardiac event. Final position of ‘prostration’ was adopted in over half of cardiogenic collapses. A sports medicine professional should bear this in mind and target his/her assessment and treatment accordingly. When attending such casualties, a defibrillator must be taken to the collapsed player.
The impact of pedestrian countdown signals on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions: a reanalysis of data from a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Richmond Sarah A , Willan Andrew R , Rothman Linda , Camden Andi , Buliung Ron , Macarthur Colin , Howard Andrew
Published: September 2013

Objective

To perform a more sophisticated analysis of previously published data that advances the understanding of the efficacy of pedestrian countdown signal (PCS) installation on pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions (PMVCs), in the city of Toronto, Canada.

Methods

This is an updated analysis of the same dataset from Camdenet al. A quasi-experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of PCS on PMVC. A Poisson regression analysis, using a one-group comparison of PMVC, pre-PCS installation to post-PCS installation was used, controlling for season and temporal effects. The outcome was the frequency of reported PMVC (January 2000–December 2009). Similar models were used to analyse specific types of collisions defined by age of pedestrian, injury severity, and pedestrian and vehicle action. Incidence rate ratios with 95% CI are presented.

Results

This analysis included 9262 PMVC, 2760 during or after PCS installation, at 1965 intersections. There was a 26% increase in the rate of collisions, pre to post-PCS installation (incidence rate ratio=1.26, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.42).

Conclusions

The installation of PCS at 1965 signalised intersections in the city of Toronto resulted in an increase in PMVC rates post-PCS installation. PCSs may have an unintended consequence of increasing pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in some settings.
Ring-opening of hindered cyclic epoxides with potassium carboxylates in the presence of conjugate acids
Authors: Trant John F. , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: September 2013

During attempts to ring-open a highly hindered epoxide, traditional methods were found to be ineffective. An alternative strategy for opening epoxides was implemented that employed a potassium carboxylate in the presence of its conjugate acid in a solvent mixture containing polar and potassium-sequestering components. A systematic analysis of the components of the reaction mixture indicated that the addition of the conjugate acid was the most important feature for providing good conversion. This reaction appears to be general for most classes of carboxylic acids including cinnamic, aromatic, and highly hindered carboxylic acids (30%–79% yield) and only fails with weak carboxylate nucleophiles. Three highly substituted and hindered cyclohexene oxide derivatives were examined for reactivity and the reaction conditions appear to tolerate a variety of functional groups to provide the ring-opened species. This pH-moderate system proved useful for hindered cyclic epoxides when all other techniques failed and should prove general to a wide spectrum of epoxide and carboxylic acid partners in those cases where the use of a strong Lewis or protic acid catalyst, or a strong basic nucleophile, is inappropriate.
PROSPECTS FOR GAMMA-RAY FOCUSING TELESCOPES BEYOND 70/100 keV
Authors: FRONTERA FILIPPO
Published: September 2013

I report on the prospects for focusing telescopes in the soft gamma-ray band (>70/100 keV). These telescopes could open a new window in soft gamma-ray astronomy. Indeed the current instrumentation is background limited and many open issues could be settled with deep observations in this energy band. I also discuss some of these issues and the scientific prospects of Laue lenses for space astrophysics.
BLACK HOLES IN GAMMA RAY BURSTS AND GALACTIC NUCLEI
Authors: RUFFINI REMO , ARGÜELLES C. R. , FRAGA B. M. O. , GERALICO A. , QUEVEDO H. , RUEDA J. A. , SIUTSOU I.
Published: September 2013

Current research marks a clear success in identifying the moment of formation of a Black Hole of ~ 10M⊙, with the emission of a Gamma Ray Burst. This explains in terms of the 'Blackholic Energy' the source of the energy of these astrophysical systems. Their energetics up to 1054 erg, make them detectable all over our Universe. Concurrently a new problematic has been arising related to: (a) The evidence of Dark Matter in galactic halos; (b) The origin of the Super Massive Black Holes in active galactic nuclei and Quasars and (c) The purported existence of a Black Hole in the Center of our Galaxy. These three aspects of this new problematic have been traditionally approached independently. We propose an unified approach to all three of them based on a system of massive self-gravitating neutrinos in General Relativity. Perspectives of future research are presented.
PREPARATION, MICROSTRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF NANOSCALE CERAMICS REINFORCED HARD COMPOSITE COATING
Authors: LI PENG
Published: September 2013

This paper is based on the dry sliding wear of Stellite SF 12- B 4 C - TiN - Mo composite coating deposited on a pure Ti using a laser cladding technique, the parameters of which provide almost crack-free composites with low porosity. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that Stellite SF 12- B 4 C - TiN - Mo mixed powders are deposited as the hard composites by a laser cladding technique. Scanning electron microscope images indicate that the nanoscale particles are produced in such coating. The fact that due to the sufficiently rapid heating and cooling rates of the laser cladding technique, the ceramics, such as TiC or TiB 2 did not have enough time to grow up, resulting in the formation of the nanoscale particles. Compared with a pure Ti substrate, the increments of the micro-hardness and wear resistance are obtained for such composite coating.
ANALYSIS OF NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF GaAs TUNNEL DIODES
Authors: PALENSKIS VILIUS , MATUKAS JONAS , VYŠNIAUSKAS JUOZAS , PRALGAUSKAITĖ SANDRA , SHTRIKMAN HADAS , SELIUTA DALIUS , KAŠALYNAS IRMANTAS , VALUŠIS GINTARAS
Published: September 2013

An analysis and investigation of noises of GaAs tunnel diodes, which abrupt p+-n+ profile was obtained by using amphoteric nature of silicon, were performed. The main scope of this work was to verify the concepts of the explanation of white noise characteristics on the ground of shot noise and on the ground of the Gupta theorem of thermal noise in resistive elements. The other scope was to investigate the peculiarities of low frequency noise in p+-n+ junctions formed by using amphoteric silicon nature.
DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS OF ANTHROPOMORPHIC PROSTHETIC HAND WITH FLEXIBLE THREE-AXIS TACTILE SENSOR
Authors: ZHANG TING , FAN SHAOWEI , JIANG LI , LIU HONG
Published: September 2013

This paper presents an anthropomorphic prosthetic hand, which has a thumb and four fingers, all the fingers of which are driven by servomotors built into the fingers and the palm. A novel flexible three-axis tactile sensor array have been investigated for their suitability to measure the grip forces exerted upon an object held by a prosthetic hand. The tactile sensor array are placed at the thumb of prosthetic hand with the capability of measuring both normal and shear force distribution using quantum tunneling composite (QTC) as a base material. A joystick-like mesa was attached to a sensor base to transfer external force, and there are four fan-shaped electrodes in a cell to decompose the contact force into normal and shear components. The sensor has been realized in a 2 × 6 array of unit sensors, and each unit sensor responds to normal and shear stresses in all three axes, respectively. The zero potential method is used to avoid crosstalk effect by setting all drive lines (row electrodes), which do not involve the measuring point at zero voltage and also by setting all output lines (column electrodes) at zero voltage. Measurement of a single sensor shows that the full-scale range of detectable force are about 10, 10 and 22 N for the x-, y- and z-directions, respectively. The sensitivities of a cell measured with a current setup are 0.47, 0.45 and 0.16 mV/mN for the x-, y- and z-directions, respectively. The sensor showed a high repeatability, low hysteresis, and min tactile cross-talk. The proposed flexible three-axial tactile sensor array can be applied in a curved or compliant surface that requires slip detection and flexibility, such as a prosthetic hand.
A non-Markovian Dissipative Maryland Model
Authors: Benatti F. , Carollo F.
Published: September 2013

The so-called Maryland model is a linear version of the quantum kicked rotor; it exhibits Anderson localization in momentum space. By turning the kicks into a Markovian stochastic process, the dynamics becomes a dissipative quantum process described by a discrete family of completely positive maps that allows to explicitly study the relation between divisibility of the maps and the degree of memory of the process.
Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems Using Parametric Representation with Coherent States
Authors: Calvani Dario , Cuccoli Alessandro , Gidopoulos Nikitas I. , Verrucchi Paola
Published: September 2013

Open quantum systems and their dynamics are usually studied in terms of reduced density matrices. This approach allows a nonsymmetric description, which is useful when one of the two subsystems is to be considered an environment, at the expense of a loss of information, as tracing out the environmental degrees of freedom is an irreversible process. This has a series of consequences which can be severe. In this work we present an alternative description, which is still nonsymmetric but yet exact: It is based on a parametric representation of composite systems, as obtained by introducing environmental coherent states, such that the principal system get to be described by a set of pure states parametrically dependent on environmental variables. The representation allows one to relate properties which typically arise in studying systems with parametrically dependent Hamiltonians, such as the emergence of geometrical phases, with features which specifically characterize open quantum systems, such as decoherence and entanglement generation.
Separability Conditions for a Subclass of Circulant States in Two-Qutrit System and Quasi-Distillation of Entanglement
Authors: Saito Tatsunori , Asano Masanari , Matsuoka Takashi , Ohya Masanori
Published: September 2013

We will show the necessary and sufficient condition of separability for a sub-class of circulant states in the ℂ3 ⊗ ℂ3 system. This sub-class includes the models proposed by several authors as special cases. Moreover, it will be proved that our separability condition equals to the failure condition of quasi-distillation of entanglement.
Microscopic Derivation of Open Quantum Walk on Two-Node Graph
Authors: Sinayskiy Ilya , Petruccione Francesco
Published: September 2013

A microscopic derivation of an open quantum walk on a two-node graph is presented. It is shown that for the considered microscopic model of the system–bath interaction the resulting quantum master equation takes the form of a generalised master equation. The explicit form of the “quantum coin” operators is derived. The formalism is demonstrated on the example of a two-level system walking on a two-node graph.
Effective Hamiltonians for Complexes of Unstable Particles
Authors: Urbanowski Krzysztof
Published: September 2013

Effective Hamiltonians governing the time evolution in a subspace of unstable states can be found using more or less accurate approximations. A convenient tool for deriving them is the evolution equation for a subspace of state space sometime called the Królikowski–Rzewuski (KR) equation. KR equation results from the Schrödinger equation for the total system under considerations. We will discuss properties of approximate effective Hamiltonians derived using KR equation for n-particle, two-particle and for one-particle subspaces. In a general case these effective Hamiltonians depend on time t. We show that at times much longer than times at which the exponential decay take place the real part of the exact effective Hamiltonian for the one-particle subsystem (that is the instantaneous energy) tends to the minimal energy of the total system when t → ∞ whereas the imaginary part of this effective Hamiltonian tends to zero as t → ∞.
An Entropy Based Treatment of Gaussian Communication Process for General Quantum Systems
Authors: Watanabe Noboru
Published: September 2013

The quantum entropy introduced by von Neumann around 1932 describes the amount of information of the quantum state itself. It was extended by Ohya for C*-systems before Conne-Narnhoffer-Thirring (CNT) entropy. The quantum relative entropy was first defined by Umegaki for σ-finite von Neumann algebras and it was subsequently extended by Araki and Uhlmann for general von Neumann algebras and *-algebras, respectively. By introducing a new notion, the so-called compound state, in 1983 Ohya succeeded to construct the mutual entropy in a complete quantum mechanical system (i.e., input state, output state and channel are all quantum mechanical) describing the amount of information correctly transmitted through the quantum channel. In this paper, we briefly review Ohya's S-mixing entropy and the quantum mutual entropy for general quantum systems. Based on a concept of structure equivalent, we apply the general framework of quantum communication to the Gaussian communication processes.
MULTIFUNCTIONALIZED SPIONs FOR NUCLEAR TARGETING: CELL UPTAKE AND GENE EXPRESSION
Authors: GRABINSKI CHRISTIN M. , SALAKLANG JATUPORN , GARRETT CAROL M. , SCHRAND AMANDA M. , PETRI-FINK ALKE , HOFMANN HEINRICH , HUSSAIN SABER M.
Published: September 2013

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used in many biological applications, which necessitate intracellular targeting. Here, we investigate intracellular localization and gene expression in HeLa cells after treatment with functionalized SPIONs. Functional groups investigated included positive amino propyl silane (APS), polyethylene glycol and targeting peptides: nuclear targeting peptide (NTP) and/or cancer cell uptake promoting peptide (cRGD). Results revealed that the intracellular localization of SPIONs was strongly dependent on the surface chemistry. Nuclear targeted SPIONs functionalized with only NTP or both NTP and cRGD were mostly localized in perinuclear endosomes with a small fraction entering the nucleus. The biocompatibility of cells after treatment was also dependent on surface chemistry, where SPIONs functionalized with both NTP and cRGD exhibited a more significant reduction of cell proliferation compared to NTP or cRGD individually. Interestingly, gene expression after treatment with SPIONs was similar, regardless of the surface functionalization or intracellular localization. The results of this study showed that cellular uptake and intracellular localization predominantly depended on the surface chemistry, while gene expression exhibited a more generic response to SPION treatment.
COEXISTENCE OF PLANKTON MODEL WITH ESSENTIAL MULTIPLE NUTRIENT IN CHEMOSTAT
Authors: CHATTERJEE ANAL , PAL SAMARES
Published: September 2013

We consider a phytoplankton–zooplankton interaction model which depends on two complementary nutrients. For a realistic representation in chemostat plankton ecosystem, we have incorporated various natural phenomena such as dissolved limiting nutrients with nutrient uptake functions and yield constants. For the model with two different constant nutrient inputs with same constant washout rate, existence and stability of non-negative equilibria as well as persistence are given. We analyze the behavior of solution of model in order to answer the biological question and seek to determine the limiting behavior of the surviving organisms and the nutrients. It is observed that the constant nutrient inputs of two complementary nutrients play an important role to change steady state behavior of the system. Further it is observed that if the dilution rate of chemostat crosses certain critical value, the system enters into Hopf-bifurcation. Finally, we have derived the explicit algorithm which determines the direction of Hopf-bifurcation. Computer simulations have been carried out to illustrate different analytical results.
REAL-TIME ASSESSMENT OF MICROWAVE ABLATION EFFICACY BY NIR SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE
Authors: ZHAO JINZHE , QIAN ZHIYU , LIU JIA , XU YA , WU JIALI
Published: September 2013

Microwave ablation (MWA) status monitoring in real time plays a key role in assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. As a novel real-time assessment method, near infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) was used to evaluate the ablation efficacy. MWA experiments were carried out on in vitro porcine livers. An optical measurement system for biological tissue is developed by our lab to monitor reduced scattering coefficient [Formula: see text] at 690 nm of the coagulation zones. It is noted that [Formula: see text] of liver tissue, which increases as the liver tissue being ablated, is clearly related with the coagulation status. [Formula: see text] of normal tissue and coagulated tissue is 3–5 and 17–19 cm-1, respectively. Continuous changes of [Formula: see text] demonstrate that optical parameter can be used as an efficacy evaluation factor because it essentially indicates the degree of thermal damage. Compared with temperature, optical parameter is more sensitive and accurate, which is promising for real-time therapeutic efficacy assessment in MWA.
ENERGY AND EXERGY ANALYSIS OF COMPACT POWER GENERATION AND HYBRID SOLAR ENERGY-WASTE HEAT-BASED TRIPLE EFFECT EJECTOR-VAPOR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION CYCLE
Authors: KUMAR RAJ , KUMAR ANIL
Published: September 2013

An NH 3– H 2 O ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle, and an R-152a ejector refrigeration cycle are employed with a renewable energy power generator to make a proposed compact power generation and triple effect ejector-absorption refrigeration cycle. The exergy analysis of the cycle leads to a possible performance improvement. Approximately 71.69% of the input exergy is destructed due to irreversibilities in different components. Around 7.976% is available as the useful exergy output. The exhaust exergy lost to the environment is 20.33%, which is lower than the exhaust energy loss of 47.95%, while the useful energy output is 27.88%. The refrigerants used are of zero ODP and negligible GWP, and the CO 2 emission of the exhaust gases is very small as compared to that of the fossil fuel run engine, hence, this cycle is favorable to the global environment. The results also show that the proposed cycle has significant higher energy and exergy efficiency than the earlier investigated 'triple effect refrigeration cycle' and 'the combined power and ejector-refrigeration cycle'.
Tectonic reconstruction and sediment provenance of a far-travelled oceanic nappe, Helgeland Nappe Complex, west-central Norway
Authors: McArthur Kelsey L. , Frost Carol D. , Barnes Calvin G. , Prestvik Tore , Nordgulen Øystein
Published: September 2013

The Helgeland Nappe Complex (HNC), part of the Uppermost Allochthon of the north-central Norwegian Caledonides, originated near the Laurentian margin and was transferred to Baltica during the closure of Iapetus in Late Silurian–Early Devonian time. The islands of Rødøy, Bolvær and Leka, located in the Sauren–Torghatten (S–T) nappe of the HNC, are composed of ultramafic and mafic basement rocks unconformably overlain by metaconglomerates and fine-grained metasedimentary rocks. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics of the basement rocks are consistent with formation in a supra-subduction zone setting. Overlying metasedimentary rocks record an increasing proportion of continental detritus supplied to the basins through time. Precambrian cratonic source regions supplied cobbles and other detritus. This source area may have been located in modern SE Greenland/Labrador or in the Lower Nappe of the HNC. The second alternative best accounts for the short transport distances required by the coarse-grained conglomerates. The maximum age of deposition is constrained by the age of the youngest zircon grain dated at 471±8 Ma. Final sedimentation, nappe thrusting and nappe stacking occurred in rapid succession during
c.
480–475 Ma.

Supplementary material:

Geochemical analyses and Nd isotopic data are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18654
.
The Electrolytic Dissociation of 1,3-Cyclobutanedicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kvaratskhelia Elene , Kvaratskhelia Ramaz
Published: September 2013

The dissociation parameters for the dilute (0.0001-0.01M) solutions of cis and trans-1,3-cyclobutanedicarboxylic acids were determined with the aid of the original method for analysis the regularities of electrolytic dissociation of weak multibasic organic acids with the close values of the dissociation constants of separate steps (the effect of “overlapping” equilibria). The equations for determination the regions of predominance of various charged and uncharged forms of these acids were also described.
Vinylferrocene-Terminated Si(111) Prepared in Diethyl Ether and Dibutyl Ether Grafting Media
Authors: Herrera Marvin Ustaris , Ichii Takashi , Murase Kuniaki , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: September 2013

Vinylferrocene-terminated Si(111) was prepared by illuminating visible light onto a hydrogen-terminated Si(111) surface that was immersed in either diethyl ether-vinylferrocene or dibutyl ether-vinylferrocene solution. The use of either diethyl ether or dibutyl ether as grafting medium yielded a neutral ferrocenyl monolayer that was electrically connected with the silicon substrate. Both preparation media produce samples that have good electrochemical characteristics e.g., low peak potential separation and linear plot of peak current density with scan rate. The use of dibutyl ether as grafting solution resulted to a fast grafting rate, in which the optimum grafting time for samples with n-type and p-type substrates were 0.5 h and 1 h, respectively. Meanwhile, the use of diethyl ether resulted to the presence of lumps of deposited materials on the grafted surface. Nevertheless, even if these materials may be considered as impurities, these did not distort significantly the electrochemical characteristics of the sample.
Defective prolactin signaling impairs pancreatic β-cell development during the perinatal period
Authors: Auffret Julien , Freemark Michael , Carré Nadège , Mathieu Yves , Tourrel-Cuzin Cécile , Lombès Marc , Movassat Jamileh , Binart Nadine
Published: September 2013

Prolactin (PRL) and placental lactogens stimulate β-cell replication and insulin production in pancreatic islets and insulinoma cells through binding to the PRL receptor (PRLR). However, the contribution of PRLR signaling to β-cell ontogeny and function in perinatal life and the effects of the lactogens on adaptive islet growth are poorly understood. We provide evidence that expansion of β-cell mass during both embryogenesis and the postnatal period is impaired in the PRLR−/−mouse model. PRLR−/−newborns display a 30% reduction of β-cell mass, consistent with reduced proliferation index at E18.5. PRL stimulates leucine incorporation and S6 kinase phosphorylation in INS-1 cells, supporting a role for β-cell mTOR signaling in PRL action. Interestingly, a defect in the development of acini is also observed in absence of PRLR signaling, with a sharp decline in cellular size in both endocrine and exocrine compartments. Of note, a decrease in levels of IGF-II, a PRL target, in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a spontaneous model of type 2 diabetes, is associated with a lack of PRL-mediated β-cell proliferation in embryonic pancreatic buds. Reduced pancreatic IGF-II expression in both rat and mouse models suggests that this factor may constitute a molecular link between PRL signaling and cell ontogenesis. Together, these results provide evidence that PRL signaling is essential for pancreas ontogenesis during the critical perinatal window responsible for establishing functional β-cell reserve.
Investigation on Flow-Induced Noise due to Backflow in Low Specific Speed Centrifugal Pumps
Authors: Si Qiaorui , Yuan Shouqi , Yuan Jianping , Liang Yun
Published: September 2013

Flow-induced noise causes disturbances during the operation of centrifugal pumps and also affects their performance. The pumps often work at off-design conditions, mainly at part-load conditions, because of frequent changes in the pump device system. Consequently numerous unstable phenomena occur. In low specific speed centrifugal pumps the main disturbance is the inlet backflow, which is considered as one of the most important factors of flow-induced noise and vibration. In this study, a test rig of the flow-induced noise and vibration of the centrifugal pump was built to collect signals under various operating conditions. The three-dimensional unsteady flow of centrifugal pumps was calculated based on the Reynolds-averaged equations that resemble the shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The results show that the blade passing frequency and shaft frequency are dominant in the spectrum of flow-induced noise, whereas the shaft component, amplitude value at shaft frequency, and peak frequencies around the shaft increase with decreasing flow. Through flow field analysis, the inlet backflow of the impeller occurs under 0.7 times the design flow. The pressure pulsation spectrum with backflow conditions validates the flow-induced noise findings. The velocity characteristics of the backflow zone at the inlet pipe were analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics of the backflow eddy during one impeller rotating period were simultaneously obtained by employing the backflow conditions. A flow visualization experiment was performed to confirm the numerical calculations.
Neisseria gonorrhoeaeInduces a Tolerogenic Phenotype in Macrophages to Modulate Host Immunity
Authors: Escobar Alejandro , Candia Enzo , Reyes-Cerpa Sebastian , Villegas-Valdes Bélgica , Neira Tanya , Lopez Mercedes , Maisey Kevin , Tempio Fabián , Ríos Miguel , Acuña-Castillo Claudio , Imarai Mónica
Published: September 2013

Neisseria gonorrhoeaeis the etiological agent of gonorrhoea, which is a sexually transmitted disease widespread throughout the world.N. gonorrhoeaedoes not improve immune response in patients with reinfection, suggesting that gonococcus displays several mechanisms to evade immune response and survive in the host.N. gonorrhoeaeis able to suppress the protective immune response at different levels, such as B and T lymphocytes and dendritic cells. In this study, we determined whetherN. gonorrhoeaedirectly conditions the phenotype of RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and its response. We established that gonococcus was effectively phagocytosed by the RAW 264.7 cells and upregulates production of immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β1) but not the production of proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α, indicating that gonococcus induces a shift towards anti-inflammatory cytokine production. Moreover,N. gonorrhoeaedid not induce significant upregulation of costimulatory CD86 and MHC class II molecules. We also showed thatN. gonorrhoeaeinfected macrophage cell line fails to elicit proliferative CD4+ response. This implies that macrophage that can phagocytose gonococcus do not display proper antigen-presenting functions. These results indicate thatN. gonorrhoeaeinduces a tolerogenic phenotype in antigen-presenting cells, which seems to be one of the mechanisms to induce evasion of immune response.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Hole Spacing for Cement Grouting in Rocks
Authors: Fu Ping , Zhang Jinjie , Xing Zhanqing , Yang Xiaodong
Published: September 2013

The fine fissures of V-diabase were the main stratigraphic that affected the effectiveness of foundation grout curtain in Dagang Mountain Hydropower Station. Thus, specialized in situ grouting tests were conducted to determine reasonable hole spacing and other parameters. Considering time variation of the rheological parameters of grout, variation of grouting pressure gradient, and evolution law of the fracture opening, numerical simulations were performed on the diffusion process of cement grouting in the fissures of the rock mass. The distribution of permeability after grouting was obtained on the basis of analysis results, and the grouting hole spacing was discussed based on the reliability analysis. A probability of optimization along with a finer optimization precision as 0.1 m could be adopted when compared with the accuracy of 0.5 m that is commonly used. The results could provide a useful reference for choosing reasonable grouting hole spacing in similar projects.
Intracerebral Schwannoma in a 16-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Srinivas R. , Krupashankar D. , Shasi V.
Published: September 2013

Intracerebral schwannomas are rare tumors of the CNS. We report a rare case of intracerebral schwannoma, presenting as a cystic and solid frontoparietal mass, arising in a 16-year-old girl. The patient presented seizures and headache. Neuroradiologic findings showed a left frontoparietal lesion with cystic and tissular components. The tumor was removed through a left frontoparietal craniotomy. Histological features confirmed the diagnosis of intracerebral schwannoma. Intracerebral schwannomas, unrelated to cranial nerves, are rare. The Schwann cells are not indigenous to brain substance, and hence histogenesis of these tumours has attracted a lot of speculation, but because most reported cases have involved young patients, a developmental origin has been suggested. The theories and literature related to this case are reviewed.
Bayesian Estimation‐Based Pedestrian Tracking in Microcells
Authors: Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Sasabe Masahiro , Aihara Satoshi , Nakano Hirotaka
Published: September 2013

We consider a pedestrian tracking system where sensor nodes are placed only at specific points so that the monitoring region is divided into multiple smaller regions referred to as microcells. In the proposed pedestrian tracking system, sensor nodes composed of pairs of binary sensors can detect pedestrian arrival and departure events.
In this paper, we focus on pedestrian tracking in microcells. First, we investigate actual pedestrian trajectories in a microcell on the basis of observations using video sequences, after which we prepare a pedestrian mobility model. Next, we propose a method for pedestrian tracking in microcells based on the developed pedestrian mobility model. In the proposed method, we extend the Bayesian estimation to account for time‐series information to estimate the correspondence between pedestrian arrival and departure events. Through simulations, we show that the tracking success ratio of the proposed method is increased by 35.8% compared to a combinatorial optimization‐based tracking method.
Th17 and Treg Cells in Bone Related Diseases
Authors: Wang Min , Tian Tian , Yu Shuang , He Na , Ma Daoxin
Published: September 2013

Bone-related diseases share the process of immune response that targets bone tissue and bone marrow and then induce adverse effects on structure and function. In recent years, reciprocal relationship between immune cells and bone systems has been uncovered gradually. Regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are newly identified subsets of CD4+ T cells, and the balance between them is particularly essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. Accumulated data have demonstrated quantitative or functional imbalance between Th17 and Treg in bone related diseases, suggesting that Th17 and Treg cells are involved in these bone diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating Th17 and Treg cells will create opportunities for the development of therapeutic approaches. This review will present the role of Th17 and Treg cells in the inflammatory bone diseases and bone marrow malignancies and find the potential therapeutic target for immunotherapy.
New Analytical and Numerical Solutions for Mixed Convection Boundary-Layer Nanofluid Flow along an Inclined Plate Embedded in a Porous Medium
Authors: Aly Emad H. , Ebaid Abdelhalim
Published: September 2013

Two different analytical and numerical methods have been applied to solve the system describing the mixed convection boundary-layer nanofluids flow along an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium, namely, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Chebyshev pseudospectral differentiation matrix (ChPDM), respectively. Further, ChPDM is used as a control method to check the accuracy of the results obtained by HPM. The analytical method is applied using a new way for the deformed equations, and the resulted solution was expressed in terms of a well-known entire error function. In addition, using only two terms of the homotopy series, the approximate analytical solution is compared with the numerical solution obtained by the accurate ChPDM approach. The results reveal that good agreements have been achieved between the two approaches for various values of the investigated physical parameters.
Salivary Melatonin Concentrations in a Sitting and a Standing Position
Authors: Kozaki Tomoaki , Arata Toshihiko , Kubokawa Ayaka
Published: September 2013

This study aimed to examine differences in salivary melatonin concentrations between the sitting and standing positions. Ten subjects (age range: 20–22 years; 5 males and 5 females) participated in the study and provided written consent. In the sitting condition, the subjects sat on a chair from 23:30 h to 1:00 h, whereas in the standing condition, the subjects sat on a chair from 23:30 h to 0:30 h and stood on the floor from 0:30 h to 1:00 h. Saliva samples were obtained at 0:25 h and 1:00 h from all subjects. The experiment was performed under a dim light condition (<10 lx). No significant differences were observed in melatonin concentrations between the two positions at 0:25 h; however, melatonin concentrations in the standing condition were significantly greater than those in the sitting condition at 1:00 h. These results show that melatonin secretion is significantly greater in the standing position than that in the sitting position.
The Effect of Gold and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles on Biofilm-Forming Pathogens
Authors: Sathyanarayanan Madhu Bala , Balachandranath Reneta , Genji Srinivasulu Yuvasri , Kannaiyan Sathish Kumar , Subbiahdoss Guruprakash
Published: September 2013

Microbial biofilms on biomaterial implants or devices are hard to eliminate by antibiotics due to their protection by exopolymeric substances that embed the organisms in a matrix, impenetrable for most antibiotics and immune-cells. Application of metals in their nanoparticulated form is currently considered to resolve bacterial infections. Gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles are widely used in different medical applications, but their utilisation to eradicate biofilms on biomaterials implants is novel. Here, we studied the effect of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. We report that biofilm growth was reduced at higher concentrations of gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles compared to absence of nanoparticles. Thus nanoparticles with appropriate concentration could show significant reduction in biofilm formation.
Diagnostic Significance of Serum Eotaxin-1 Level in Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: Koç Ümit , Çetinkaya Erdinç , Bostanci Erdal B. , Kemık Ahu S. , Tez Mesut , Gömceli İsmail , Akoğlu Musa
Published: September 2013

Introduction. Gastric cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Delayed diagnosis leads to high mortality rates. Eotaxin-1 was originally discovered as an eosinophil-selective chemoattractant and may play a role in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and other gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to analyse diagnostic and prognostic significance of serum eotaxin-1 (s-eotaxin-1) levels in gastric cancer.Methods. Sixty gastric cancer patients and 69 healthy subjects were included into the study. S-eotaxin-1 levels were compared with clinicopathological features and outcomes in gastric cancer.Results. Serum levels of eotaxin-1 in gastric cancer patients were significantly higher than controls ( pg/mL versus  pg/mL, respectively ()). The s-eotaxin-1 levels did not differ significantly with histopathological grade, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, tumor localization, lymph node metastases, positive lymph node ratio, size, perineural and perivascular invasion. So there is no relationship found between s-eotaxin-1 level and prognosis.Conclusion. S-eotaxin-1 levels may be used as an easily available biomarker for gastric cancer risk and may alert physicians for early diagnosis. Due to the limited number of patients included in this study, larger cohort studies are warranted to validate the diagnostic value of s-eotaxin-1 level in gastric cancer.
A Study on Clinical and Pathologic Features in Lupus Nephritis with Mainly IgA Deposits and a Literature Review
Authors: Hongyan Liu , Yi Zheng , Bao Dong , Yuewu Lu , Juan Meng
Published: September 2013

Objective. To study the clinical and pathologic features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has atypical lupus nephritis (LN) with mainly IgA deposits.Methods. We searched the SLE patients who had nephritis with mainly IgA deposits in our hospital and selected the information including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatments, and prognosis.Results. From January 2009 to June 2012, 5 patients were definitely diagnosed as SLE according to both 1982 and 2009 ACR classification criteria. But renal biopsy showed that all cases had mainly IgA deposits and were free of IgG, C1q, and fibrinogen-related antigen deposits under immunofluorescent microscopy, which did not match with typical LN. There were 2 males and 3 females, aging from 31 to 64 years and with an average of years. The 5 cases had multiple-system involvements, mainly the renal system. Compared to primary IgAN, the atypical LN showed some differences: older than primary IgAN, more women than men, no previous infection history, lower incidence of serum IgA elevation, and ACL positive rate as high as 100%.Conclusion. Nephritis with mainly IgAN deposits, as an atypical LN, may be a special subtype of SLE.
Structural, Dielectric, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Ti3+, Cr3+, and Fe3+: PVDF Polymer Films
Authors: Reddy M. Obula , Reddy L. Raja Mohan
Published: September 2013

Highly transparent and very clear nature of PVDF: Ti3+, PVDF: Cr3+, and PVDF: Fe3+ polymer films of good quality have been synthesized by employing solution casting method. XRD profiles have confirmed semicrystalline structures in α-, β-, and γ-PVDF phases. IR spectra have confirmed these findings and revealed some structural defects such as monofluorinated alkenes. Emission spectra reveal that PVDF: Ti3+ has a blue emission, PVDF: Cr3+ has blue emission, and PVDF: Fe3+  red emission was observed. The conductivity and dielectric measurements have also been carried out as function of frequency and temperature changes. Due to the presence of the transition metal ions in these films, significant improvement in the ionic conductivity has been noticed. The dielectric behaviors of these films have been analyzed using dielectric permittivity (ε1), dissipation factor (tan δ), and impedance spectra (Z1 and Z11). VSM measurements have confirmed that the PVDF: Ti3+ exhibits antiferromagnetic nature, PVDF: Cr3+ film ferromagnetic nature, and PVDF: Fe3+ film strong paramagnetic nature. Thus, the present study has successfully explored the fact that these optical materials are also potential enough in both conductivity and magnetic properties for their use in applications suitably.
Comparison of Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, BISAP, APACHE-II, CTSI Scores, IL-6, CRP, and Procalcitonin in Predicting Severity, Organ Failure, Pancreatic Necrosis, and Mortality in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Khanna Ajay K. , Meher Susanta , Prakash Shashi , Tiwary Satyendra Kumar , Singh Usha , Srivastava Arvind , Dixit V. K.
Published: September 2013

Background. Multifactorial scorings, radiological scores, and biochemical markers may help in early prediction of severity, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP).
Methods. BISAP, APACHE-II, MOSS, and SIRS scores were calculated using data within 24 hrs of admission, whereas Ranson and Glasgow scores after 48 hrs of admission; CTSI was calculated on day 4 whereas IL-6 and CRP values at end of study. Predictive accuracy of scoring systems, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of various markers in prediction of severe acute pancreatitis, organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, admission to intensive care units and mortality were calculated. Results. Of 72 patients, 31 patients had organ failure and local complication classified as severe acute pancreatitis, 17 had pancreatic necrosis, and 9 died (12.5%). Area under curves for Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, APACHE-II, BISAP, CTSI, IL-6, and CRP in predicting SAP were 0.85, 0.75, 0.73, 0.73, 0.88, 0.80, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively, for pancreatic necrosis 0.70, 0.64, 0.61, 0.61, 0.68, 0.61, 0.75, 0.86, and 0.90, respectively, and for mortality 0.84, 0.83, 0.77, 0.76, 0.86, 0.83, 0.57, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion. CRP and IL-6 have shown a promising result in early detection of severity and pancreatic necrosis whereas APACHE-II and Ranson score in predicting AP related mortality in this study.
Robust Hotelling Control Chart with Consistent Minimum Vector Variance
Authors: Ali Hazlina , Syed Yahaya Sharifah Soaad , Omar Zurni
Published: September 2013

Recently, an alternative robust control chart based on a new robust estimator known as minimum vector variance (MVV) estimator, , was introduced in Phase II. was able to detect out-of-control signal and simultaneously control false alarm rate even as the dimension increased. However, the estimated UCLs of are large as compared to the traditional chart. In this study, we improved the MVV estimators in terms of consistency and bias. The result showed great improvement in the control limit values while maintaining its good performance in terms of false alarm and probability of detection.
Full-Body X-Ray Imaging to Facilitate Triage: A Potential Aid in High-Volume Emergency Departments
Authors: Whiley S. P. , Alves H. , Grace S.
Published: September 2013

The levels of traumatic injury seen in South African emergency departments (EDs) are epidemic. This is coupled with a severe lack of resources and adequately trained emergency staff. The Lodox Statscan (LS) is an X-ray scanner capable of producing rapid, low-dose, and full-body X-ray images. In this paper, a new trauma protocol—the Johannesburg trauma protocol—that implements LS scanning on entry to the ED as a triage tool is reported. A case study illustrating the use of LS to triage 63 patients in a single Saturday shift at a level 1 Trauma Centre is also presented. Because of the ability to rapidly and safely provide X-ray imaging information to support clinical decision making, the LS could be a useful tool to aid in resource allocation to improve treatment of the high levels of trauma patients that present to South African EDs daily.
A Novel Fusion Method by Static and Moving Facial Capture
Authors: Liu Shuai , Fu Weina , Zhao Wenshuo , Zhou Jiantao , Li Qianzhong
Published: September 2013

For many years, face recognition has been one of the most important domains in pattern recognition. Nowadays, face recognition is more required to be used in video actually. So moving facial capture must be studied firstly because of performance requirement. Since classic facial capture method is not so suitable in a moving environment, in this paper, we present a novel facial capture method in a moving environment. Firstly, continuous frames are extracted from detecting videos by similar characteristics. Then, we present an algorithm to extract the moving object and restructure background. Meanwhile, with analysis of skin color in both moving and static areas, we use the classic faces capture method to catch all faces. Finally, experimental results show that this method has better robustness and accuracy.