bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilización de un modelo analógico para facilitar la comprensión del proceso de preparación de disoluciones. Primeros resultados
Authors: Raviolo A. , Siracusa P. , Gennari F. , Corso H.
Published: June 2021

Estudiantes de distinto nivel educativo presentan dificultades en el tema de las disoluciones y, en particular, en la preparación de disoluciones a partir de una más concentrada. Con el objeto de superar esas dificultades, en este trabajo se presentan el modelo de cuadros y puntos (MCP) y los resultados de la experiencia didáctica llevada a cabo con estudiantes universitarios de un curso introductorio de química general. En este estudio, fundamentalmente descriptivo, se obtuvo información de la observación del desempeño de los alumnos en las actividades y del análisis de las respuestas a un cuestionario contestado por los participantes. El desarrollo de la actividad permitió introducir mejoras a la misma a partir de los aportes de los estudiantes que, en síntesis, manifestaron que el MCP les resultó útil para mejorar la comprensión del concepto de concentración y del proceso de preparación de la disolución.
Aprendizaje activo de la cinemática lineal y su representación gráfica en la escuela secundaria
Authors: Guidugli Silvina , Fernández Gauna Cecilia , Benegas Julio
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se informa sobre una experiencia de aplicación de metodologías de enseñanza activa para el aprendizaje conceptual de la cinemática lineal y su representación gráfica en alumnos de 1r. año del ciclo polimodal en una escuela pública en Argentina. La instrucción se realiza en el marco de la seguridad vial y es evaluada mediante un diagnóstico de preguntas de respuestas múltiples obtenidas principalmente del test de comprensión de gráficas de cinemática (TUG-K), de Beichner (1994). Resultados del 1r. año de aplicación indican una buena asimilación de los conceptos cinemáticos y de su representación mediante gráficas, aun comparando con alumnos de edades y preparación superiores, de esta y otras instituciones. En la encuesta de opinión estudiantil de final de curso se destaca la aprobación por la metodología y el contexto utilizados.
Recuerdos, expectativas y concepciones de los estudiantes para maestro sobre la geometría escolar
Authors: Barrantes M. , Blanco L. J.
Published: June 2021

Numerosos trabajos de investigación han puesto de manifiesto la importancia de analizar las concepciones de los estudiantes para profesores sobre las matemáticas y sobre su enseñanza-aprendizaje durante su proceso de formación. Éstas aparecen y se desarrollan durante su etapa escolar y son estables y resistentes a los cambios. Como consecuencia de ello, asumimos que, para aprender a enseñar matemáticas, debemos considerar las exigencias que proceden de las propias concepciones y conocimientos sobre la matemática escolar.Partiendo de esta premisa hemos desarrollado una investigación con el objetivo de describir y analizar las concepciones sobre la geometría escolar y su enseñanza-aprendizaje de los estudiantes para maestro. Para ello hemos considerado la hipótesis de que los recuerdos y las expectativas de los estudiantes nos dan información para caracterizar sus concepciones en el campo de la geometría y su enseñanza-aprendizaje en primaria.
Un estudio comparado de las actitudes hacia la estadística en profesores en formación y en ejercicio
Authors: Estrada A. , Batanero Bernabeu Carmen , Fortuny Aymemí Josep Maria
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo presentamos los resultados de una escala de actitudes en una muestra de 66 profesores en ejercicio y 74 profesores en formación de educación infantil y primaria. No encontramos diferencias por géneros, aunque sí una mejoría en aquellos alumnos que estudiaron estadística previamente. La actitud es algo mejor en los profesores en ejercicio, aunque tiende a empeorar con el uso o la enseñanza de la estadística. Pensamos que estos resultados sugieren la dificultad que tiene dicha materia para los profesores y la necesidad de apoyo que éstos deberían recibir desde los departamentos de didáctica y las facultades de educación.
Ideas sobre la permeabilidad en estudiantes de magisterio
Authors: Cortés Gracia Ángel Luis
Published: June 2021

El análisis de las ideas sobre permeabilidad que presentan los estudiantes de magisterio muestra la existencia de diversas concepciones alternativas y esquemas conceptuales. Estas ideas alternativas no son consistentes con el significado semántico y científico del término. Las causas deben buscarse, entre otras, en la formación previa de los estudiantes, con un uso del término en la vida cotidiana diferente del científico y a la existencia de libros de texto con definiciones y modelos erróneos.
Dificultades y estrategias para la enseñanza del concepto de energía
Authors: Pacca Jesuïna Lopes de Almeida , Henrique Kátia Ferreira
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo buscamos comprender las dificultades de estudiantes y profesores al tratar problemas que involucran el concepto de energía, aportando sugerencias para la conducción, a nivel de enseñanza media, de tareas en el aula que puedan enfrentar los conflictos cognitivos y contribuyendo a la reestructuración de las concepciones de sentido común.
Discurso de aula y argumentación en la clase de ciencias: cuestiones teóricas y metodológicas
Authors: Jiménez Aleixandre María Pilar , Díaz de Bustamante Joaquín
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo constituye una reflexión sobre la investigación del discurso de aula y su contribución al conocimiento de los procesos de aprendizaje de las ciencias. Se trata con más detalle una parte de estos estudios, los que analizan el razonamiento argumentativo del alumnado, con ejemplos tomados del proyecto RODA (razonamiento, discusión, argumentación), llevado a cabo en la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela desde 1994, y se presentan otras dimensiones del discurso de aula estudiadas en el proyecto, como las operaciones epistémicas y la cultura escolar. Se discuten algunas implicaciones para la investigación en didáctica de ciencias.
Un estudio sobre el papel de las analogías en la construcción del modelo cinético-molecular de la materia
Authors: Oliva Martínez José Mª , Aragón M. M. , Bonat M. , Mateo J.
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se propone, en primer lugar, un marco teórico para analizar el papel de las analogías en la construcción de modelos sobre fenómenos científicos por parte de los alumnos. Tomando como base dicho marco, se fundamenta, en segundo lugar, un diseño didáctico concreto encaminado a facilitar la construcción del modelo cinético-molecular de la materia a través de analogías, en alumnos de educación secundaria obligatoria. Finalmente, se evalúa el diseño didáctico empleado comparando los resultados finales alcanzados en pruebas de interpre­tación y predicción de fenómenos en un grupo experimental y en otro de control. Los resultados obtenidos parecen indicar que las analogías ju­garon un papel relevante en la comprensión de los alumnos que fueron enseñados a través de dicho recurso. Éstos aportaron, finalmente, modelos explicativos más acordes con el modelo científico que los alumnos que fueron enseñados según un diseño semejante pero sin analogías, si bien las diferencias encontradas fueron pequeñas.
El razonamiento causal secuencial en los equilibrios ácido-base múltiples : propuestas didácticas en el ámbito universitario
Authors: Jiménez Liso María Rut , Manuel Torres Esteban de , Salinas López Francisco
Published: June 2021

La principal dificultad que encuentran los estudiantes al acercarse a los equilibrios ácido-base múltiples es que precisan controlar varios equilibrios de forma simultánea. Una anticipación en la presentación a los estudiantes de educación secundaria de estos equilibrios induce a la utilización del razonamiento causal secuencial, por el cual se consideran los procesos no como equilibrios sino como compartimentos estanco (sin simultaneidad) y cada proceso como consecuencia del anterior y como causa del siguiente. En el presente artículo, por un lado, diagnosticamos las concepciones alternativas relacionadas con los equilibrios ácido-base múltiples (estudiantes universitarios, licenciados-opositores a la educación secundaria y libros universitarios; y por el otro, se centra en una propuesta de mejora del aprendizaje utilizando para ello la resolución de problemas y el ordenador como recurso auxiliar en esta resolución. Previamente analizamos los enunciados de los problemas que se plantean en algunos libros universitarios como punto de partida a nuestra propuesta didáctica, la cual se centra en que los estudiantes expliciten todos los equilibrios presentes en los procesos ácido-base múltiples como parte de una heurística para la resolución de los problemas y utilicen el ordenador para salvar las dificultades matemáticas primando el análisis del proceso químico.
Reconocimiento de procesos matemáticos en alumnos de primer curso de Bachillerato
Authors: Ibañes Marcelino J. , Ortega Tomás
Published: June 2021

En este artículo, que es el segundo de una trilogía en la que se da cuenta de una investigación sobre los aspectos cognitivos del aprendizaje de la demostración matemática, se presenta un estudio sobre el reconocimiento de diferentes procesos matemáticos por parte de alumnos de primer curso de bachillerato. A lo largo del mismo se asiste a la construcción y enriquecimiento de la idea misma de reconocimiento, se detallan las dificultades de los estudiantes en esta tarea y se proponen instrucciones mediante las cuales es posible mejorar en esta habilidad.
¿Y si trabajan en grupo...? Interacciones entre alumnos, procesos sociales y cognitivos en clases universitarias de física
Authors: Cordero Silvina , Colinvaux Dominique , Dumrauf Ana G.
Published: June 2021

Este trabajo contiene algunos resultados de un estudio de caso referido a las características de las interacciones entre alumnos, mientras trabajan en grupo, en el contexto de una propuesta innovadora de enseñanza universitaria de física. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron videograbaciones realizadas durante clases de la unidad de termodinámica y entrevistas a alumnos de un grupo focal. El análisis se centró en los procesos grupales vivenciados por los alumnos, a partir de las dimensiones lingüística, social y cognitiva. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que compartir procesos cognitivos, a través del razonamiento y la argumentación, promotores de la construcción y reconstrucción de conocimientos científicos en grupos de alumnos, puede ser una respuesta a los desafíos de la práctica docente universitaria.
La diferencial no es un incremento inifinitesimal. Evolución del concepto de diferencial y su clarificación en la enseñanza de la física
Authors: Martínez Torregrosa Joaquín , López-Gay R. , Gras Martí Albert , Torregrosa Gironés G.
Published: June 2021

El uso de la diferencial en la enseñanza de la física en el último año de bachillerato y cursos universitarios es tan frecuente como poco comprendido. Para identificar el origen de esa situación y diseñar propuestas para superarla, se ha realizado un estudio histórico y epistemológico destinado a clarificar el significado y el papel que juega la diferencial de la física. Como resultado, se describen las aportaciones e insuficiencias de dos concepciones históricas (Leibniz y Cauchy), y se presenta con detalle una propuesta alternativa basada en la concepción del matemático francés Fréchet, formulada a principios del siglo xx. Como conclusión de este estudio, se enumeran un conjunto de indicadores de lo que sería una adecuada comprensión del concepto de diferencial en las clases de física.
Asalto al castillo: ¿A qué esperamos para abordar en serio la formación didáctica de los profesores universitarios de ciencias?
Authors: Campanario Juan Miguel
Published: June 2021

Se plantea la necesidad de abordar la formación didáctica de los profesores universitarios de ciencias. Se discuten algunos enfoques inadecuados y algunas posibles alternativas que se estiman útiles.
Organizaciones matemáticas y didácticas en torno al objeto de "límite de función": una propuesta metodológica para el análisis
Authors: Espinoza Lorena , Azcárate Carmen
Published: June 2021

Our research falls within the general field of the analysis of the teacher’s activity and focuses on the specific case of teaching the concept of «limit to the function» in the Spanish secondary school system. Using the anthropological focus of didactics (Chevallard, 1998) as a general theoretical frame, we propose an investigative methodology for the analysis of mathematical organizations recreated by the teacher in the classroom in collaboration with his/her pupils and the respective didactic organizations that allow their reconstruction.
Análisis de la metodología utilizada en la búsqueda de "lo que el alumno sabe" sobre fuerza
Authors: Solano Martínez Isabel , Jiménez Gómez Enrique , Marín Martínez Nicolás
Published: June 2021

In a previous paper we compared research carried out in the decade 75-85 on students’ conceptions of «force» with later research in the period 85-95. Only a slight progression was found in the results offered by different authors. The aim of the present paper is to analyse the reasons for this lack of progress in the research results, as regards the appearance of conceptions. To the end we have analysed the research objectives of the selected papers, their methodological characteristics and their most widely used theoretical foundations.
Sobre el aprendizaje de conceptos geométricos relativos a los sólidos. Ideas erróneas
Authors: Guillén Soler Gregoria
Published: June 2021

In this report we indicate a research related to learning the geometry of solids, that shows some examples of families of solids that students include in the mental objects they construct for these families and some mistakes they make as a consequence of the difficulties that mathematical content (concepts, properties, relations, etc.) present for the students. This can be prompted o encouraged by the teaching of the subject.Results here reported are obtained through the analyses of information requested from interviews and working sessions carried out with two groups of students aged 12 years. We also analyze the answers that Teacher Training College students gave in writing to some activities they were asked to do before being treated in class.
Evolución del perfil socioacadémico de la física en estudiantes venezolanos
Authors: Sebastià José M. , Moncada Pablo
Published: June 2021

This work presents a comparative and descriptive analisys of the socio-academic profile shown by students of physics in Venezuela, and the relationship between this profile and variables as: educational level, gender, academic performance in physics, and general attitude towards science. Our results, from a 825 High School sample, reveals a decrease in the socio-academic profile of subject and attitude along the school year. However, no decrease was found between a given school level and the next. The subject profile obtained from male student scores was always higher than the corresponding one obtained from female student scores. Their evolutions were similar, with an increase in the gap between the two as the educational level increased.
Una introducción a la dinámica no lineal en enseñanza Secundaria
Authors: Alemany Berenguer Rafael Andrés , Pérez Selles J. F.
Published: June 2021

An interesting study on an approach to Physics teaching of an introduction to non-linear dynamics, at a basic level, is presented here. This study, framed on the constructivist theory of learning has led to the actual possibility of explaining in secondary clasrooms the elementary foundations of this outstanding area in modern physics. An initial exploration of the prior beliefs of pupils about mechanics and predictibility constituted the base of this attempt.
Estudio de algunas variables que afectan la comprensión de textos de física
Authors: Macías Ascensión , Castro José I. , Maturano Carla Inés
Published: June 2021

The problem about the comprehension of Physics Texts by students of the First Courses at University is the axis of analysis in this paper. Our intention is to know the learning strategies that our university students use to comprehend a scientific text. We studied the cognitive activities of the students when reading the text and the relationship between them through a global coefficient of comprehension. The results obtained let us assert that it is convenient to teach adequate strategies for the comprehension of physics texts.
Evolución histórica del concepto de "límite funcional" en los libros de texto de Bachillerato y Curso de Orientación Universitaria (COU) : 1940-1995
Authors: Sierra Vázquez Modesto , González Astudillo María Teresa , López Esteban Carmen
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the historical development of the concept of functional limit in the textbooks of bachillerato and COU during the last fifty years. We analyse twenty-seven books in three stages. In the last one, which gathers the results from the others, we consider three dimensions: conceptual, cognitive and phenomenologic that show us a wide perspective of the changes experimented in this development.
Diseño de un cuestionario de diagnóstico acerca del manejo del concepto de variable en el álgebra
Authors: Trigueros M. , Reyes A. , Ursini S. , Quintero R.
Published: June 2021

This paper reports the first stage ofa project investigating college novice students’ interpretations and uses of different realisations of the concept of variable, namely: as unknown, as general number, in functional relationships.In particular, we present and discuss the reliability of a questionnaire that aimed at providing a first students’ profile concerning their interpretations and uses of variable. Finally, initial results obtained by analysing students’ responses are outlined.
Una aproximación a las representaciones del alumnado sobre el Universo
Authors: Afonso López R. , Bazo González C. , López M. , Macau Fábrega Mª D. , Rodríguez Palmero Mª L.
Published: June 2021

This study explains how the children from secondary school (age 14-18) represent the structure of the universe and the way it may be useful in daily teaching.The results obtained describe the same conceptualization difficulties that the younger students already have, as well as the need for studying deeply the process for learning of those students as far as, having dealt with those contents before, they have not reached the expected scientific knowledge concerning the topic.
Los procedimientos en el aprendizaje de la física
Authors: Sevilla Segura C.
Published: June 2021

After an analysis of the function of the learning procedures we can identify some noticeable intellectual activities: skills and strategies. By appealing to some concrete examples we can see its importance in the process of both the teaching/learning of Physics at pre -university levels.
El modelo de Ausubel en la didáctica de la física: Una aproximanción experimental al proceso de E/A de contenidos que presentan constructos poco elaborados por los aprendices
Authors: Gómez S. , Latorre A. , Sanjosé López V.
Published: June 2021

This paper shows the results of a research on physics education about «Magnetism» in secondary school. We investigate a constructivist approach to instructional design based upon Ausubel' s model in the treatment of subjects on which pupils have poor conceptual representations and alternative frameworks. The first results with respect to inmediate and lasting learning, are shown.
Tareas de planificación del módulo "la energía y los recursos energéticos" en el marco de la formación del profesorado
Authors: Hernández Abenza L. M.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, an alternative methodological framework to the traditional teaching of Energy is proposed. In framework we intend to give an answer to the diffícultes involved in this problem area with respect to the learning of this energetic model. The elements which support this curriculum proposal are described and the characteristics which are more relevant are mentioned.
Mejorando la efectividad instruccional del texto educativo en ciencias: primeros resultados
Authors: Sanjosé López V. , Solaz Portolés Joan Josep , Vidal-Abarca Gámez E.
Published: June 2021

In this paper we compile and analyze the textual variables taking part in comprehension and learning processes on scientific texts. Next we propose a new classification which can be applicated to instructional text. This proposal is evaluated in an experiment with different groups of students and several learning tasks. The first results are discussed.
Los museos de la Ciencia y la Técnica, entre las musas y la modernidad
Authors: Vives J.
Published: June 2021

After a short miscellany about the evolution of Science Museums, a debate on the question "Must Science Museums be used for motivation or for learning?", is opened.
El papel que desempeñan las teorías en la Biología
Authors: Barberà O.
Published: June 2021

This paper tries to emphasize the importance of the term theory interpretation and its misuse in science education. It also discusses the convenience of teaching biology as a hypothetic -deductive science, and the role that conceptual mapping plays on these items.
La digestión de los alimentos: un plan de actuación en el aula fundamentado en una secuencia constructivista del aprendizaje
Authors: Banet Hernández Enrique , Núñez Francisco
Published: June 2021

Nowadays constructivism seems to be quite a sound approach on which to base the processes of teaching and learning sciences. Assuming the basic hypothesis of this theory, sequences of instruction can be designed that help to improve the work that both, teachers and students carry out. In this paper we put forward a plan based on a constructivist approach, developed in secondary classrooms (13-14 years of age) about digestion, which is flexible enough to be adapted to different circumstances in which the learning of sciences takes place.
La metodología de resolución de problemas y el desarrollo cognitivo : un punto de vista postpiagetiano
Authors: Pomés Ruiz J.
Published: June 2021

In this work we studied the influence of the problem -solving methodology used on the efficiency with which students' intellectual potential can be exploited. The paper shows the varying degree of interest of students in real problems as determined by application of straightforward exercises and describes the origin of the difficulties found by students in working out problems. Finally, the different methodologies were applied to questions on stoichiometry topics and the results obtained on analysing errors made by students in their replies testified to the validity of the thesis originally put forward.
Um mapa conceitual para interações fundamentais
Authors: Moreira Marco Antonio
Published: June 2021

At first, the paper stresses a modern trend concerning the curriculum of high school and introductory college physics courses. According to this trend, the curriculum must be modernized by the introduction of contemporary physics topics and by teaching traditional classical physics tapies from a modern point of view. Following this trend, a concept map for fundamental interactions of nature is presented focusing the topic "forces" from a unifying standpoint showing that the number of fundamental forces of nature is actually quite small. Finally, the question of contextual dependence of the meanings assigned to physical concepts is also discussed.
La didáctica en la enseñanza superior ¿para qué?
Authors: Viennot L.
Published: June 2021

Starting with a review of some typical pieces of research related to students' reasonings in Physics, this paper tries to fix some aspects of the evolution of the researchers' concerns in this field and to introduce a critical reflection on how the results obtained could be used. The selected examples and reflections on them refer to the beginning of college education, though not exclusively.
Sobre las concepciones en Dinámica elemental de los adolescentes formales y concretos y el cambio metodológico
Authors: Acevedo Díaz José Antonio , Bolívar J. P. , López Molina E. J. , Trujillo M.
Published: June 2021

This paper summarizes the main results of a research carried out with 15 to 18 year old students in the second year of Spanish Secondary Higher Education. Frequencies of wrong answers, based on the students' misconceptions about dynamics, and the Piagetian levels of concrete/formal proportional reasoning, are correlated. Conceptual change after a learning period is also analyzed. Short term results show that only students with higher formal reasoning levels improved in a significant way. Finally, considerations about methodology in class, in order to overcome pupils' difficulties in learning physics are also discussed.
Nivel de apropiación de la idea de discontinuidad de la materia en alumnos de Bachillerato. Implicaciones didácticas
Authors: Gentil González C. , Iglesias Blanco A. , Oliva Martínez José Mª
Published: June 2021

In this paper we will try show how those pupils starting Secondary Education have scarcely assumed the discontinuous nature of matter and little progress about it is noticed at the end of their studies.
¿Saben los maestros la física que enseñan?
Authors: Zalamea Godoy E. , París R.
Published: June 2021

This paper attempts to report a research carried out in Colombia about the proficiency in mechanics of high school teachers. Based on observations, some judgements and appreciations are made about the teachers' performance and a teaching method proposal is suggested in order to solve the problems which have been identified.
El modelo de enseñanza/aprendizaje de las ciencias en la reforma de las enseñanzas medias
Authors: Barandiaran Piedra J.
Published: June 2021

In this paper the study of theoretical basis and educational assumptions of the proposals for experimental science contained in the «Project for the reform of the spanish educational system» is faced.
Los conceptos de biología adquiridos en el proceso de aprendizaje
Authors: Giordan A.
Published: June 2021

By using instances from Biology, the function of preconceptions and their place within the learning process is analyzed.
El aprendizaje de la fisica como investigación : un ejemplo de aplicación en la enseñanza media
Authors: Gutiérrez Múzquiz F. A. , Rodríguez Barreiro L. M.
Published: June 2021

As being really conscious that theory always leads to practice in every science, we support the idea of the planning of the lesson as a link between the educational theory and the teaching style in the classroom. According to this idea, and against the pedagogy by the objectives as a method of planning the lesson on the one hand, and empiricism as a form of research on the other, we present the psychological and methodological bases of our project.
El aprendizaje de la resolución de problemas de planteo algebraico
Authors: Gascón Pérez J.
Published: June 2021

Our purpose in this paper is to identify the most relevant cognitive factors of the trainees/lip in the algebraic problem solving when the traineeship is reached through specific Didactics applicable in the classroom. Didactics have been experienced during the academic year 83/84 with 300 students in their first year. They essentially consist on a conjunct of strategies which are intented to make possible the assimilation of a general resolvent method which may be represented through a structured set of heuristics. Some previous knowledge and four «primary abilities» have been obtained among the most explicative cognitíve factors. The interpretation of these abilities under the intelligence pattern of J.P. Guilford has given us a founded criterion to ellaborate introductory didactic materials and make corrections on Didactics.
Enseñar informática en el bachillerato. La polémica del lenguaje
Authors: Martín Casalderrey F. , Sorando Muzas J. Mª
Published: June 2021

In this paper we analize the place Informatics should take in Secondary Schools. We must point out that we do not refer to the C.A.L. but to Informatics teaching. As one of its contents, we describe the polemics about the most suitable language to be used. We also describe slightly the LOGO language. And we suggest some items for a general debate about the introduction of Informatics as a subject in Secondary School.
Historia y enseñanza de la Astronomía. Los primitivos instrumentos y su utilización pedagógica
Authors: Ten A. E. , Monrós M. A.
Published: June 2021

Astronomy, the most ancient of Sciences, has always been present as part of the Cultural Background of all peopies. The present paper, after reasserting the importance of Astronomy in the curricula of Intermediate levels of learning, describes and studies the characteristics and pedagógical possibilities of an ensemble of ancient instruments. In this first part, these instruments are devoted to the study of the Sun's Geocéntrical motion and its consequences.
Ideas intuitivas y aprendizaje de las ciencias
Authors: Solís Villa R.
Published: June 2021

Current research in science education has shown that before any formal science teaching takes place, pupils have already acquired considerable knowledge about natural phenomena. This knowledge differs significantly from the accepted scientific view and interfere with the learning of the subject matter. In this paper, the origin, characteristics and modification of pupils' intuitive ideas will be explored following the PSHG model (PSHG stands for Posner, Strike, Hewson and Gertzog); in terms of this model the process of learning science is a process of conceptual change from one set of concepts to another set, which is incompatible with the previous one.
Diseño y realización de un programa de prácticas sobre comportamiento, adecuado al tema de etología
Authors: Álvarez Calvo J. A. , García García C. , Cubero Sánchez Mª A.
Published: June 2021

A program is being presented of experiments on animal behavior in which Fixed patterns of behd,ILIf sell us oine learning mechanism such as imprinting and operant conditioning are included. The aim is to expose the student (o the preparation and analysis of simple situations of experimental control which will permit the student to comprehend and appreciate the diverse factor wich together influence the apreance and maintenance of complex behavioral repertoires.
Multifunctional artificial saliva preparation – challenges and needs
Authors: Niemirowicz-Laskowska Katarzyna , Mystkowska Joanna , Łysik Dawid , Chmielewska Sylwia , Suprewicz Łukasz , Skłodowski Karol , Deptuła Piotr , Dąbrowski Jan Ryszard , Bucki Robert
Published: June 2021

Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis not only within the oral cavity but also in further sections of the gastrointestinal tract. Pleiotropic properties of saliva include participation in the digestion of carbohydrates, cleansing and moisturizing the oral cavity, and maintaining the composition of the oral microbiome. The result of impaired function of the salivary gland is reduced salivation – hyposalivation, leading to dry mouth – xerostomia. It is established that numerous physiological factors (age, sex, weight change) and pathological factors (polytherapy, head and neck cancer, coexisting diseases such as diabetes, depression, cardiovascular diseases) lead to the reduction in saliva secretion, and in effect, causing a dry mouth. Treatment of salivary secretion disorders involves pharmacological therapy (including hormone therapy) or replacement therapy which based on the use of saliva substitutes. In the case of disturbances in the secretion of natural saliva, the application of the artificial saliva preparations should support the chewing processes, moisturize the oral cavity, and fulfill the biological functions of saliva. However, to date, on the pharmaceutical market, there are no saliva substitutes that meet the biological criteria and maintaining favorable physicochemical properties and rheological parameters. Taking into account the problems of the patients which are burden by impaired salivary secretion, the aim of our research was to attempt to develop an artificial saliva preparation that reflecting as much as possible the properties of natural saliva, both in terms of mechanical and biological properties. As part of the research, the chemical composition was developed and a detailed study of the physicochemical and rheological parameters of artificial saliva preparations containing mucins as well as their microbiological and biocompatibility assessment, at in vitro level were carried out.
A new technique for neonatal Jeune syndrome: External thoracic expansion
Authors: Temel Uğur , Gül Akgül Aslı
Published: June 2021

Jeune syndrome is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia characterized by a narrow, bell-shaped chest (thoracic cage), and typical phalangeal and pelvic bone deformities. Chest expansion is impaired by the short, horizontally positioned ribs, resulting in alveolar hypoventilation and eventually neonatal-infantile death in most cases. External distraction with sternoplasty is a new technique for the treatment of Jeune syndrome, which was firstly used by our team on a newborn by placing a sliding finger fixator which was designed for ulnar lengthening. We believe that this approach can be life-saving in neonates with improved and widespread usage.
The 100 most-cited articles on pectus deformities: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yıldıran Hüseyin , Sadi Sunam Güven
Published: June 2021

Background: In this study, we aimed to examine the development of knowledge on pectus deformities through a meticulous analysis of the 100 most-cited articles published on this topic.

Methods: Publications related to pectus deformities from January 1975 to April 2020 were scanned using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The publications were ranked from maximum to minimum according to the number of citations and were examined in detail.

Results: The 100 articles were published in 27 different journals and received a total of 8,290 citations. The average of the impact factors of journals in 2018 was 4.441. The mean citation density of all articles was 5.1±3.8. In the past years, a surgical technique definition and experience transfer were more frequently used, while complications and technical details were started to be presented in recent years.

Conclusion: Our study results suggest that the studies of pectus deformities would continue and, from now on, issues such as complications and technical details would come to the forefront in the articles.
Bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: A survey study
Authors: Çağlayan Benan , Karataş Ferhan , İliaz Sinem , Uzel Işıl , Bilge Öztürk Ayşe , Demir Tuane
Published: June 2021

Background:In this study, we aimed to evaluate the attitudes and behaviors of physicians performing bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods:Between March 2020 and May 2020, a total of 153 physicians were included in the study. An invitation letter for the participation in the study with a structured questionnaire of 18 questions were sent to the mail groups twice with five-day intervals. Participation in the study was allowed, until the third day after the second mail was sent.

Results:All participants completed the questionnaire. According to the results, 33% of the physicians did not perform bronchoscopy and the majority of the physicians performed very few procedures during the outbreak, although the participants mostly worked at the tertiary hospitals (mean: 7.2±9.3). A total of 20% of the physicians performed bronchoscopy in potential or proven COVID-19 patients. Almost all of the physicians who participated in the survey reported the use of personal protective equipment such as masks and goggles during the procedure. During the pandemic, 9.7% of the physicians who performed bronchoscopy to potential or proven COVID-19 patients and 4.1% of the participants who did not perform bronchoscopy to any potential or proven COVID-19 patients were found to be infected with the virus (p>0.05).

Conclusion:Physicians who perform bronchoscopy during pandemic act in accordance with the recommendations of guidelines. Although there was no statistically significant difference between the SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates of the teams who performed and did not perform bronchoscopy in potential or proven COVID-19 patients in our study, the high rate of personal protective equipment utilization might have played a role in this result.
Estudo de impacto da assimilação dos dados da campanha Valeri no estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Ferreira Rute Costa , Nolasco Junior Luciano Ritter , Herdies Dirceu Luis , Vendrasco Éder Paulo , Diniz Fábio Luiz Rodrigues , Costa Saulo Barros , Quadro Mário Francisco Leal de , Souza Diego Oliveira de , Nascimento Marília Guedes do , Beneti César Augustus Assis , Munchow Gabriel Bonow , Mollmann Junior Ricardo Antonio , Rodrigues Gabriel Luan , Muller Arthur , Alves Rita De Cassia
Published: June 2021

The state of Santa Catarina is often hit by extreme events such as heavy rain, windstorms, hail and eventually tornadoes. Thus, the goal of the present study was to verify how the inclusion of a larger number of observations could improve the prediction of such events. Thus, through a campaign carried out in the west of Santa Catarina, surface and radiosonde data were collected and assimilated through the GSI system. This process produced an updated initial condition to the weather prediction model WRF. The surface data assimilation had 84 new pressure observations. The radiosonde experiment had 162 observations of temperature, wind, and humidity assimilated. It was observed that the improvement of the initial condition through the insertion of the local surface and upper air data obtained during the campaign significantly improved the forecast in the conduced experiments.
Uso de parâmetros estatísticos para a classificação de regiões homogêneas de temperatura do ar em Santa Catarina
Authors: Araujo Carlos Eduardo Salles de
Published: June 2021

Time series of hourly temperature from 146 weather stations located in Santa Catarina State – South Brazil were used to show that a compact data representation, using probability density functions (PDF) parameters, could be useful to classify homogeneous air temperature areas. The normal distribution fitted well the 146 weather stations temperature time series, presenting a median value of 0.9721 for the Pearson correlation coefficient.  The means and standard deviations obtained by adjusting the Gaussian functions for the 146 stations were used as input parameters for two different classifiers: hierarchical and k-means. Both classifiers separated Santa Catarina's weather stations into four distinct groups. These groups had direct relationship with altitude ranges and with the influence of sea. The classification of weather stations in different homogeneous groups was useful to identify climatic behaviors of hourly temperatures. In addition to the characterization of the climate itself, this classification can be useful as a support for the validation of numerical weather forecast models, and for the identification of abnormal temperature time series in a regional spatial context.
Análise Climatológica das trajetórias de Ciclones Extratropicais formados na região da Península Antártica
Authors: Gandra Mariana Monteiro dos Santos , Quadro Mário Francisco Leal de
Published: June 2021

Cyclones play an important role in the general circulation of the atmosphere, enabling the meridional transport of excess heat, humidity and momentum from low latitudes to high latitudes. In the Southern Hemisphere, the area between southern Brazil and the Peninsula Antarctica (AP) is described as one of the most favorable for the formation of cyclones (30°S to 70°S) due to the existence of strong temperature gradient between the ocean and the surface air layer above the ocean and also because of pre-existing baroclinic instabilities. This study is associated with the Project ATMOS  (AnTarctic Modeling Observation System) and explored the role of extratropical cyclones in teleconnections between high and medium latitudes to track the trajectories of extratropical cyclones that are formed in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and move towards the central sector of the South Atlantic. The analysis of the tracked trajectories showed that the cyclones reached the central sector of the South Atlantic during the months of autumn (greater number) and winter (greater displacement), while the statistical analysis indicated that the intensity of the cyclones is more linearly linked to the mean sea level pressure field than to Superficial Sea Temperature Anomalies.
A influência da variação zonal da confluência Brasil-Malvinas na safra da tainha no estado de Santa Catarina entre os anos 2006 a 2016
Authors: Mafra Evandro Oscar , Oliveira Rafael De , Quadro Mário Francisco Leal de
Published: June 2021

The Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (CBM) comprises the region located in the southwestern portion of the Atlantic Ocean, with a strong influence on meteorological aspects and oceanographic phenomena, including sea surface temperature (SST). Variations in SST, influence the dynamics and behavior of aquatic species and consequently the fishing productivity of mullet (Mugil liza), a species of great economic importance in the state of Santa Catarina. The present study deals with the analysis of the influence of the CBM zonal variation on the sea surface temperature (SST) in southern Brazil, making a comparison with the data of the fish harvest in the Santa Catarina coast, considering a period of 11 years (2006 to 2016) and in the months of fishing (April to July). From the data analysis it is possible to identify the characteristic behavior of the period and to analyze the influencing factors.
Do the etiology of hyponatremia and serum sodium levels affect the length of hospital stay in geriatric patients with hyponatremia?
Authors: Baser Salih , Yılmaz Cakmak , Gemcioglu Emin
Published: June 2021

Background: Hyponatremia can lead to a prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity and mortality rates in geriatric patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of hyponatremia etiology and serum sodium (Na) levels on hospitalisation time in geriatric patients hospitalised due to hyponatremia. Methods: The demographic characteristics, laboratory data, etiology of hyponatremia, and length of hospital stay were retrospectively recorded for 132 patients over 65 years of age who were hospitalised for hyponatremia. Results: Of the 132 patients, 90 were female (68.2%), and 42 were male (31.8%). The serum Na levels of 66 (50%) patients were <120 mmol/L, those of 64 (48.5%) patients were 120-129 mmol/L, and those of two (1.5%) patients were >130 mmol/L. One hundred nine (82.6%) patients had hypoosmolar hyponatremia, 14 (10.6%) patients had isoosmolar hyponatremia, and nine (6.8%) patients had hyperosmolar hyponatremia. Also, 19.7% of the patients were hypovolemic, 37.9% were euvolemic, and 42.4% were hypervolemic. Hyponatremia etiology was congestive heart failure in 38 (28.8%) patients, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone in 29 (22.0%) patients, gastrointestinal fluid loss in 24 (18.2%) patients, renal pathologies in 20 (15.2%) patients, the presence of drugs in 20 (15.2%) patients, and hypocortisolemia in one (0.8%) patient. The mean length of hospital stay for the patients was five (1-60) days. There was no statistically significant difference between the lengths of hospital stay based on hyponatremia etiology and serum Na levels (p=0.861 and p=0.076). It was observed that the lengths of stay for patients who developed hyponatremia during their hospitalisation in various clinics were longer than those for patients who presented to the emergency department (p<0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that the length of hospital stay did not change with the etiology of hyponatremia and serum Na level at the time of admission, but patients who developed hyponatremia during their hospitalisation had longer hospitalisation times.
Theory of Sailing Applied to Ocean Racing Yachts
Authors: Myers Hugo A.
Published: June 2021

A systems analysis approach is used to study the performances of ocean racing yachts, and to support a rating system which considers wind conditions and course angles. Basic aerodynamic and fluid­dynamic theory is applied to derive an engineering mathematical simulation of a boat's performance. The result is a set of five equations in five unknowns. Given the true wind velocity and course sailed, the equations are solved for boat speed, apparent wind speed, apparent wind angle, leeway angle, and heeling angle.

The theory is compared with full scale towing tests and sailing measurements for several yachts, ranging from a 23-foot cruiser to a 68-foot (12-meter) racer. The theoretical results fall within the measurement accuracies for all course angles and wind conditions. Yacht performance curves are then compared for the detailed effects of windward capabilities and rig variations for various true wind speeds. A "rating matrix" approach is discussed, which could be used to rate fairly a wider range of yacht sizes, types, wind conditions, and course angles than present rating systems can accommodate.
Yacht Performance Analysis with Computers
Authors: Pedrick David R. , McCurdy Richard S.
Published: June 2021

Advances in computer technology continue to expand the every-day application of electronic calculation and programming. With everything from home computers to automotive diagnostic devices, hand-held Pong games, and calculator wristwatches now being big sellers, it is no surprise that computer-based marine instruments have increased in capability and popularity. This paper describes some current developments in electronics to evaluate the performance of sailing yachts, ranging from basic digital displays to full-blown shoreside computers.
Perspectives to management language games and social interaction in self-managing organizations
Authors: Korhonen Tuomas , Ahopelto Teija , Laine Teemu , Ruusuvuori Johanna , Tiitinen Sanni
Published: June 2021

This essay identifies a theoretically interesting area, i.e. language and social interaction in self-managing organizations. By building upon earlier work in Wittgensteinian language games, we show that despite some existing research on management language games (inside and outside pragmatic constructivism), not much is known about language games in self-managing organizations. The essay brings together ideas concerning language games in general management and pragmatic constructivism, making a novel contribution in the area. Furthermore, we present an ethnomethodological perspective on analysing language and social interaction: conversation analysis (CA). We suggest that CA could be utilized to analyse social interaction within self-managing organizations in more detail, showing how the specific institutional characteristics of this type of organization are talked into being in this particular context. Several further research questions are proposed for future studies in management language games and language and social interaction.
The Balanced Scorecard: the illusion of maximization without constraints
Authors: Jakobsen Morten , Lueg Rainer
Published: June 2021

The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) claims to maximize organizational performance through the management of different perspectives (e.g., financial, customers, internal processes, learning & growth). Most of the chosen measures are usually non-financial, as they are supposedly leading indicators of financial success. The developers of the BSC Kaplan and Norton see these perspectives as related, but not as linked to each other by accounting logic. Moreover, Kaplan and Norton recommend cascading the BSC across the organization by breaking up the BSC into sub-targets for each organizational unit.Inevitably, this can lead to situations where actors in an organization focus on a subset of non-financial indicators. In their attempt to maximize these indicators, unit-egoism may lead to sub-optimal overall performance of the organization. This is because the link from non-financial indicators at lower levels of the organization to the overall financial goals have been disjoined. This problem, however, has been largely ignored in the BSC-literature. Therefore, this paper addresses the rationality and limits inherent in the usage of multiple performance measures. For this, we conduct an analytical study based on a literature review.