bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compression rate of dynamic diamond anvil cells from room temperature to 10 K
Authors: Yan Jinwei , Liu Xiaodi , Gorelli Federico Aiace , Xu Haian , Zhang Huichao , Hu Huixin , Gregoryanz Eugene , Dalladay-Simpson Philip
Published: June 2022

There is an ever increasing interest in studying dynamic-pressure dependent phenomena utilizing dynamic Diamond Anvil Cells (dDACs), devices capable of a highly controlled rate of compression. Here, we characterize and compare the compression rate of dDACs in which the compression is actuated via three different methods: (1) stepper motor (S-dDAC), (2) gas membrane (M-dDAC), and (3) piezoactuator (P-dDAC). The compression rates of these different types of dDAC were determined solely on millisecond time-resolved R1-line fluorescence of a ruby sphere located within the sample chamber. Furthermore, these different dynamic compression-techniques have been described and characterized over a broad temperature and pressure range from 10 to 300 K and 0–50 GPa. At room temperature, piezoactuation (P-dDAC) has a clear advantage in controlled extremely fast compression, having recorded a compression rate of ∼7 TPa/s, which is also found to be primarily influenced by the charging time of the piezostack. At 40–250 K, gas membranes (M-dDAC) have also been found to generate rapid compression of ∼0.5–3 TPa/s and are readily interfaced with moderate cryogenic and ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Approaching more extreme cryogenic conditions (<10 K), a stepper motor driven lever arm (S-dDAC) offers a solution for high-precision moderate compression rates in a regime where P-dDACs and M-dDACs can become difficult to incorporate. The results of this paper demonstrate the applicability of different dynamic compression techniques, and when applied, they can offer us new insights into matter’s response to strain, which is highly relevant to physics, geoscience, and chemistry.
Sublayer thickness dependence of nanolaminated HfO2–Al2O3 films for ferroelectric phase stabilization
Authors: Lee Jehoon , Eom Deokjoon , Lee Changmin , Lee Woohui , Oh Joohee , Park Changyu , Kim Jinyong , Lee Hyangsook , Lee Sangjun , Lee Eunha , Kim Hyoungsub
Published: June 2022

In this study, to understand the effect of sublayer thickness of doped HfO2 films with limited dopant solubility on ferroelectric phase stabilization, nanolaminated HfO2–Al2O3 films with various sublayer thicknesses were prepared through atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the phase evolution behavior of these films with increasing post-metallization annealing (PMA) temperature was investigated. A narrow optimal range of the HfO2 sublayer thickness was required to achieve facile crystallization into a tetragonal phase, followed by orthorhombic phase transformation through sufficient Al diffusion. Because the Al2O3 sublayer cannot be completely dissolved, it should be as thin as possible so that it can easily agglomerate to provide an effective connection between the HfO2 sublayers during the PMA process. When stabilizing the ferroelectric phase of HfO2 films by mixing with dopants with limited solubility, the thicknesses of the HfO2 and Al2O3 sublayers in the nanolaminated form were revealed to be more critical than the nominal doping concentration inferred from their thickness ratios (ALD cycle ratios).
NiCoB based in-plane energy storage textile with enhanced mechanical performance
Authors: Sun Peng , Qiu Meijia , Mai Wenjie
Published: June 2022

The fast development of wearable electronics has propelled the research focusing on in-plane energy storage garments. The mechanical stability of textile devices is vital for their sustainable utilization in daily life. Herein, a NiCoB based in-plane textile device with excellent electrochemical and mechanical performances is achieved via combining screen printing and electroless deposition strategies. The upper layer of NiCoB with a continuous micro-balls structure can effectively disperse the central stress under bent state, well protecting the bottom Ni coating. Thus, the two-layer structure ensures the electric and electrochemical stability even suffering a mechanical loading. At the same time, the NiCoB is capable of providing considerable energy storage performance with a high capacitance of 883.3 mF cm−2 under 5 mV s−1. Coupling with a synthesized ZIF-C negative material, the in-plane micro-supercapacitor (MSC) also exhibits great performances in both energy storage and mechanical stability. It can deliver a specific capacitance, a power density, and an energy density of 155.3 mF cm−2, 1.09 mW cm−2, and 42.27 μWh cm−2, respectively, while sustaining a 1000 bending cycle with little capacity decay. This flexible in-plane MSC textile can be a powerful candidate for future integrated smart garments and will provide some enlightenment in developing composited textile devices with perfect mechanical performance.
Temperature dependent single-chain structure of poly[3-(acrylamidopropyl-dimethyl-ammonium) propyl-1-sulfonate] via small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Pickett Phillip D. , Ma Yuanchi , Lueckheide Michael , Mao Yimin , Prabhu Vivek M.
Published: June 2022

Responsive polyzwitterionic materials have become important for a range of applications such as environmental remediation and targeted drug delivery. Much is known about the macroscopic phase-behaviors of such materials, but how the smaller scale single-chain structures of polyzwitterions respond to external stimuli is not well understood, especially at temperatures close to their phase boundaries. Such chain conformation responses are important in directing larger-scale associative properties. Here, we study the temperature dependent single-chain structure of a model polysulfobetaine, poly[3-(acrylamidopropyl-dimethyl-ammonium) propyl-1-sulfonate], using small angle neutron scattering. In the absence of salt, we find that temperature has a large effect on solvent quality with a decreasing trend from good solvent conditions at 50 °C to poor solvent at 10 °C (a temperature just above the cloud point of 7.6 °C) and an estimated theta temperature of 39 °C. When 100 mM NaCl is present, the solvent quality is good with weak temperature dependence. Without salt present, the polymer chain appears to have a nearly Gaussian coil conformation and the backbone becomes slightly more rigid as the temperature is lowered to the cloud point as determined by the Debye-local rod model on a Kratky plot. The addition of salt has a notable effect on the intra-chain correlations where an increase in chain dimensions to a swollen coil conformation and an increase in chain rigidity is observed at 100 mM NaCl in D2O, however, with a negligible temperature dependence.
Positive corona streamer interaction with metalized dielectric: Possible mechanism of cathode destruction
Authors: Emelyanov O. , Plotnikov A. , Feklistov E.
Published: June 2022

This paper examines the effect of pulsed positive point-to-plane corona discharge in millimeter air gaps on the surface of a metalized dielectric. A footprint method was applied to reveal the streamer–surface interaction with Al and Zn thin films (20–50 nm) as a sensitive indicator. A thin metal film-dielectric substrate system was destructed at relatively low typical average currents of 20–50 μA during exposure times of 2–200 s. Destruction occurred in local zones with a size of several μm2 per one discharge pulse, which is substantially lower than the conventional streamer size of several tens of micrometers. An offered model of electro-thermal heating of the cathode layer shows that the dielectric surface temperature can achieve 1000 K and more during the single current pulse of submicrosecond duration. The indicated mechanism is possibly responsible for the effects of the discharge plasma interaction with low heat conductivity cathodes, including biological objects. Intensive heating of the cathode layer should be considered when modeling the streamer–cathode interaction.
Heat diffusion blurs photothermal images with increasing depth
Authors: Burgholzer P. , Mayr G. , Thummerer G. , Haltmeier M.
Published: June 2022

In this Tutorial, we aim to directly recreate some of our “aha” moments when exploring the impact of heat diffusion on the spatial resolution limit of photothermal imaging. Our objective is also to communicate how this physical limit can nevertheless be overcome and include some concrete technological applications. Describing diffusion as a random walk, one insight is that such a stochastic process involves not only a Gaussian spread of the mean values in space, with the variance proportional to the diffusion time, but also temporal and spatial fluctuations around these mean values. All these fluctuations strongly influence the image reconstruction immediately after the short heating pulse. The Gaussian spread of the mean values in space increases the entropy, while the fluctuations lead to a loss of information that blurs the reconstruction of the initial temperature distribution and can be described mathematically by a spatial convolution with a Gaussian thermal point-spread-function. The information loss turns out to be equal to the mean entropy increase and limits the spatial resolution proportional to the depth of imaged subsurface structures. This principal resolution limit can only be overcome by including additional information such as sparsity or positivity. Prior information can be also included by using a deep neural network with a finite degrees of freedom and trained on a specific class of image examples for image reconstruction.
Symmetry and strain analysis of combined electronic and structural instabilities in tungsten trioxide, WO3
Authors: Eckstein Jack T. , Salje Ekhard K. H. , Howard Christopher J. , Carpenter Michael A.
Published: June 2022

Lattice parameter data from the literature have been used to provide a complete description of spontaneous strain variations across each of the six known phase transitions of WO3 in the temperature interval 5–1273 K. Analysis of strain/order parameter coupling reveals the character of each phase transition, a unified description of strain across the full temperature range, the relationship between strain and electronic effects, and new insights into the strain gradients likely to be present in each of the different domain walls that develop in four different ferroelastic phases. Tetragonal and orthorhombic shear strains have values of 4%–6% and 2%–3%, respectively, and are dominated by coupling with the order parameter for antiferroelectric-type displacements. Conversely, shear strains, e4, e5, and e6, of up to 2% are controlled by octahedral tilting. Changes in electronic structure and properties have been related back to the susceptibility of W6+ to develop cooperative second-order-Jahn–Teller distortions. Proximity to tilt instabilities along with group–subgroup relationships in the P4/nmm parent structure results in two overlapping sequences of structural phase transitions, which differ in the form of their electronic structure. The possibility of a ground state structure in space group P21/c can be rationalized in terms of the efficiency by which different combinations of shearing and tilting of the WO6 octahedra can reduce the unit cell volume and would imply that WO3 has a re-entrant phase transition. Gradients in up to three order parameters coupled with gradients in strain of up to 12% across ferroelastic domain walls indicate that the different ferroelastic phases of WO3 should have domain walls with varied and potentially exotic electronic properties for device applications such as in nanoelectronics and neuromorphic computing.
Enhanced optical mode coherence in exchange coupled soft magnetic multilayers
Authors: Liu H. , Ciuciulkaite Agne , Kapaklis Vassilios , Karaiskaj D. , Arena D. A.
Published: June 2022

We report on an all-optical investigation of coupled spin excitation modes in a series of magnetic trilayer structures. Using time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect (tr-MOKE) magnetometry, we observe multi-mode coherent spin excitations in Ni81Fe19/Ru/Co49Fe49V2 multilayers even though the tr-MOKE optical detection is sensitive only to the Co49Fe49V2 magnetization dynamics. Frequency shifts of the different modes indicate that the coupling between the Ni81Fe19 and Co49Fe49V2 layers varies from anti-ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic to uncoupled as the Ru spacer layer thickness is increased from 8 Å to 200 Å. The lifetime of the high frequency coherent oscillations in the Co49Fe49V2 layer increases by over 200%–300% even in the case of uncoupled Ni81Fe19 and Co49Fe49V2 layers with a 200 Å thick Ru spacer. The results suggest an additional method to decrease the damping of high-moment alloys in layered magnetic nanostructures.
Tunable optical whispering gallery mode in a magnetic microsphere suspended in a ferrofluid
Authors: Mehta Rasbindu , Dave Vishakha
Published: June 2022

Recent developments in microfluidic technologies have led to a growing interest in whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonators. In this report, we showed that in the case of TE waves, it is possible to induce such a mode in magnetizable microspheres suspended in a ferrofluid by applying static magnetic fields. The refractive index of a ferrofluid is dependent on the applied magnetic field. Considering this and using a quantum mechanical analog, radial distribution of the pseudo-potential is calculated for different fields and two different visible wavelengths. It is shown that within a certain range of the applied field, potential well is generated and WGM can be generated. Characteristics of the generated potential well are discussed. The finding may be useful for sensing applications in biotechnology and chemical technology.
An improved method of impact point positioning at sea based on Beidou and dual cross-array
Authors: Wang A. Shizhe , Li B. Zongji , Wang C. Pingbo , Sun D. Yuchen
Published: June 2022

Ocean acoustics is an important research topic in ocean engineering. Among them, the location of the impact point at sea is an important method to evaluate the firing accuracy of naval guns. Most of the traditional methods for locating the impact point at sea use the optical positioning principle, which is expensive and has a high false alarm rate. It is easy to be affected by natural conditions, such as marine visibility. Based on this, this paper proposes an improved location method of the impact point at sea based on the Beidou differential and acoustic array, which improves positioning accuracy greatly. First, through the simulation analysis of single array positioning error, this paper gives the basis of the positioning method, then deduces the positioning principle of this method in detail, and simulates and analyzes the positioning error of the double array. Finally, the simulation experiment of the voice signal is carried out to verify the positioning performance of the dual cross-array. The results show that the direction finding of the dual cross-array is very accurate, and the ranging error is relatively large. Among the five positioning points selected in this paper, the maximum relative direction-finding error is 0.33%, and the maximum relative ranging error is only about 1%, which is much better than the ranging performance of a single array. It has certain engineering application values and provides a certain reference for the design of the impact point positioning scheme at sea.
Computational study on the flame and extinction behavior of a high enthalpy air slab
Authors: Gonzalez Andrew , Kalman Joseph , Madadi-Kandjani Ehsan
Published: June 2022

A solid fuel ramjet has been recognized as a viable contender for atmospheric supersonic flight due to its performance and simple construction. However, the static temperature increases due to shock compression at the inlet that results in high temperature air entering the combustor. As such, the goal of this study is to analyze how the kinetics and flame sustainment properties are altered with this higher enthalpy air exposure. To examine these effects, a slab burner is modeled with gaseous using OpenFOAM© software. The reaction processes are modeled using complete University of California San Diego chemical-kinetic mechanism for burning in a hydrogen–air environment. Temperatures in the air intake range from 300 to 1000 K in 100 K increments, with the hydrogen fuel temperature kept at 300 K. In examining the conductive and convective heat flux data at the fuel surface, two distinct temperature regimes appeared for each respective heat flux mechanism. The results showed a large drop in conductive heat flux seen only between inlet temperatures of 300 and 500 K. Conversely, convective heat flux saw an increase in heat flux as a fully turbulent flow was approached for temperatures between 600 and 1000 K. In analyzing the Damköhler numbers of involved reactions, it was found that higher temperatures activated an endothermic chain branching reaction, which contributed significantly to the OH radical pool. This activation prevented a large drop in conductive heat flux for high inlet air temperatures. The results showed the impact of inlet temperatures on reaction pathways, which allows improved flame holding at higher air velocities.
Numerical simulation of edge effects in silicon hetero-junction solar cells
Authors: Ichikawa Yukimi , Ishikawa Ryousuke , Konagai Makoto
Published: June 2022

Photovoltaic characteristics in silicon hetero-junction solar cells are affected by the peripheral structure of the cell, and this is commonly referred to as the edge effect. We systematically investigated the edge effect on the photovoltaic characteristics of silicon hetero-junction solar cells by simulation. The effect strongly depends not only on the dimension of the periphery but also on the lifetime of the photo-generated carrier in crystalline Silicon (c-Si), the surface recombination velocity at the c-Si/a-Si:H interface, and the surface recombination velocity at the end of the c-Si wafer. Therefore, how these parameters affect the photovoltaic characteristics was simulated for three cases: (1) when a sufficiently large peripheral region passivated by a-Si:H is shielded from light, (2) when the length of the periphery is finite and the surface recombination of the photo-generated carriers at the peripheral end occurs, and (3) when the periphery is partially or entirely illuminated. Moreover, on the basis of the simulation technique developed, we proposed a new electrode configuration that is suitable for small area test cells with several cm2.
Plasmonically enhanced electrochemistry boosted by nonaqueous solvent
Authors: Joshi Padmanabh B. , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: June 2022

Plasmon excitation of metal electrodes is known to enhance important energy related electrochemical transformations in aqueous media. However, the low solubility of nonpolar gases and molecular reagents involved in many energy conversion reactions limits the number of products formed per unit time in aqueous media. In this Communication, we use linear sweep voltammetry to measure how electrochemical H2O reduction in a nonaqueous solvent, acetonitrile, is enhanced by excitation of a plasmonic electrode. Plasmonically excited electrochemically roughened Au electrodes are found to produce photopotentials as large as 175 mV, which can be harnessed to lower the applied electrical bias required to drive the formation of H2. As the solvent polarity increases, by an increase in the concentration of H2O, the measured photopotential rapidly drops off to ∼50 mV. We propose a mechanism by which an increase in the H2O concentration increasingly stabilizes the photocharged plasmonic electrode, lowering the photopotential available to assist in the electrochemical reaction. Our study demonstrates that solvent polarity is an essential experimental parameter to optimize plasmonic enhancement in electrochemistry.
Experimental study of electromagnetic wave scattering from a gyrotropic gaseous plasma column
Authors: Houriez Luc S. , Mehrpour Bernety Hossein , Rodríguez Jesse A. , Wang Benjamin , Cappelli Mark A.
Published: June 2022

We experimentally demonstrate the controlled scattering of incident transverse-electric electromagnetic waves from a gyrotropic magnetized plasma cylindrical discharge. Scattered electromagnetic waves can bend left and right by changing the external magnetic field of a plasma rod. Measured scattered wavefronts are in good agreement with electromagnetic simulations. A gyrotropic response is observed for incident wave frequencies ranging from 3.5 to 5.6 GHz for conditions corresponding to a ratio of cyclotron frequency to plasma frequency, ωce/ωp≈ 0.16. The observation of a gyrotropic response from cylindrical plasma discharges paves the way for their use as building blocks for future devices such as magnetized plasma photonic crystals, topological insulators, plasma metamaterials, non-reciprocal waveguide structures, and other devices, which require a tunable gyrotropic response from centimeter to meter-scale materials with application-specific geometry.
Gallium doping-assisted giant photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Liu Bo , Chen Ying , Ma Chao , Jiang Ying , Zhang Danliang , Xu Zheyuan , Luo Ziyu , Liu Huawei , Qu Junyu , Yang Xin , Zhang Yushuang , Li Dong , Zheng Weihao , Zheng Biyuan , Chen Shula , Pan Anlian
Published: June 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have attracted enormous research interest owing to their unique photo-physics and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the ubiquitous defects in 2D TMDCs greatly affect the optoelectronic properties of them. For example, the prototype molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exhibits very poor photoluminescence (PL) due to the high defect density. Here, we report a defect repair strategy based on a facile one-step chemical vapor deposition method that achieves two orders of magnitude enhancement in photoluminescence (PL) and one order of magnitude prolonging in carrier lifetime. Interestingly, we can controllably synthesize Ga-doped samples with different morphologies by adjusting the ratio of precursors, and the PL intensities at the central and edge regions are quite different. Combined with scanning transmission electron microscopy characterization, we systematically elucidate this growth behavior and obtain a more precise defect repair strategy. This strategy of selectively repairing the defects of monolayer MoS2 by gallium doping to achieve significant enhancement of photoluminescence may provide a facile and feasible method for the regulation of optoelectronic properties of 2D materials.
Coupled surface-volume pyrolysis effects of carbon-phenolic resin composites under hyperthermal non-equilibrium flows
Authors: Cui Zhiliang , Ye Zhifan , Zhao Jin , Sun Xiangchun , Yao Guice , Wen Dongsheng
Published: June 2022

The thermal protection system is essential for the safe and reliable flying of any high-speed aircraft. A carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic resin (PR) composite is one of the most important matrix candidates for ablative materials, and the microscopic understanding of the pyrolysis process of PR, however, still remains poor. The usual numerical approach is based on volumetric pyrolysis while neglecting the influence of external hyperthermal surroundings. A surface-volume coupled reactive molecular dynamics model is established in this work to simulate complicated heat/mechanics/chemistry multi-physical field coupled pyrolysis problems. The pyrolysis process of the carbon fiber-PR composite is investigated in the presence of vacuum and hyperthermal gas impacts and compared with the volumetric pyrolysis simulation only. The consideration of the surface–volume coupling reveals many unique features beyond the volumetric pyrolysis, which include the generation of different pyrolysis products and the dependence of the effective mass diffusivity of pyrolysis gases on impinging gases in the presence of the hyperthermal non-equilibrium environment. With the detailed revelation of the evolutions of PR solid phase and pyrolysis gaseous products, the work is of great help in improving the microscopic pyrolysis mechanisms, especially the “blowing gas effect,” a key phenomenon for improved understanding of the complicated hypersonic boundary layer flow.
Australia well positioned to become a CCUS leader
Authors: Hansen Lein Mann
Published: June 2022

Australia’s carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) sector could be set for fresh boost as oil and gas players are investing heavily in large-scale projects. In 2020, Australia emitted around 499 million tonnes of CO2-equivalent (CO2e). Country-wide, only 2.5 million tonnes of CO2 is captured and stored annually in the Gorgon CCUS project. Starting its CCUS journey on the wrong foot, Australia’s ambitious Gorgon project suffered from cost overruns, delays and much lower capture rates than planned. Nevertheless, 3 years after startup we now see renewed momentum on the back of significant budgetary support from the Federal Government, in addition to inclusion of CCUS projects in the Emissions Reduction Fund and Australian Carbon Credit Units (ACCU), which increased its value ever since. Large players are sizing up opportunities for CCUS in the country and to invest in research and development of next-generation CCUS as well as direct air capture technologies. Considering the vast CO2 storage potential in depleted oil and gas fields and saline aquifers, Rystad Energy have identified three potential storage hotspots in Australia: the northwestern hub, the mid-eastern hub and the southeastern hub. These storage hubs have a cumulative CO2 storage potential of 855 gigatonnes, that is located near to important industrial clusters and is sufficiently large, so it does not pose any barrier for CO2 storage.
Scene setter presentation: A world in flux – what’s going on and what does it mean?
Authors: Varrall Merriden
Published: June 2022

Every day we’re hit with new headlines about chaos, conflict and disruption. How do we make sense of all this noise, and work out what it means for us? We are in a time of increasing global geopolitical volatility. The turmoil that we’re seeing and experiencing isn’t just a brief aberration – the world is changing dramatically, right from the macro system-level down to the minutiae of how we live our daily lives. We’re moving away from the liberal economic world order that was written after World War II and into a geoeconomic order where economic levers are being increasingly used as tools to protect national power and interests. There are four main geopolitical megatrends that are driving this shift which are creating an environment of considerable risk, but also opportunity, for business. They are: structural shifts in the international system; growing lack of trust; the tech revolution; and the climate crisis. These megatrends have existed for some time but are being exacerbated and accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This world of heightened geopolitical volatility means the way we think about and do business needs to change in order to mitigate risk, as well as identify and maximise opportunities. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Energy Leaders’ Panel
Authors: Moore Ali , Judd Kory , O'Neill Meg , Pugh Dylan , Snelling Lucy , Varrall Merriden
Published: June 2022

After a year of recovery and transformation in a turbulent global energy market, this facilitated panel session brings together industry leaders for a frank conversation on challenges and opportunities for oil and gas in a changing global energy landscape. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Innovating to achieve net zero: a customer first approach
Authors: Nunan Tony
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Boost, sustain, orbit – the multi-stage launch of new energy
Authors: Abdeli-Galinier Kahina
Published: June 2022

What role do technology and innovation play in shaping our industry’s – and the world’s – path to net zero? They underpin, enable and connect each and every phase of it. In the short and medium-term, technology will help decarbonise traditional energy production. Initially, to fix unnecessary emissions from oil and gas operations – methane and flaring, for example. The technology and innovation landscape around methane and flaring detection, measurement and abatement is incredibly dynamic and maturing fast. It has to be. The industry knows this is a low-hanging fruit that can realise significant global emissions reductions fast. Only with the help of technology – connecting brand-new physical technology with digital systems - can we do this at pace and scale. The goal must be the complete elimination of unnecessary methane and flaring emissions within the current decade. Like a booster rocket, the tech to achieve this will make itself obsolete. In parallel, we’re using technology to shift the economic equation of oil and gas production and move towards ultra-low-carbon and carbon neutral energy. For example, with the use of AI and machine learning to enable autonomous operations will drive ever more energy and resource efficient production. Both these approaches buy us time in the energy transition. But they also serve to develop and build the technology foundations for new energy by working with a different approach of technology ventures in hydrogen, stationary storage, carbon capture and sequestration, geothermal ... transferring skills, capabilities and infrastructure to give the energy industry of the future a flying start, in a new orbit. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Federal Opposition Address
Authors: King Madeleine
Published: June 2022

There is not an abstract available for this presentation. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
APPEA Panel Series. How are global energy markets responding to the invasion of the Ukraine and what might happen next?
Authors: Moore Ali , Sahdev Mukesh , Shoebridge Michael , Russell Clyde
Published: June 2022

Concurrent 4. Tuesday 17 May A sequel to the APPEA webinar addressing the implications and next steps in relation to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
APPEA Panel Series. Challenges and opportunities for offshore oil and gas decommissioning in Australia
Authors: Maxwell David , Benson Ursula , Barrymore Stuart , Grebe Cameron , Gaddes Shane , Pittson Jarrod
Published: June 2022

Concurrent 16. Wednesday 18 May Australia’s offshore petroleum decommissioning regulatory regime has recently seen significant changes with new, far reaching changes to legislation affecting decommissioning recently passed. More change is yet to come, with a shake up of decommissioning reporting requirements and pending, more stringent obligations on industry for financial assurance. Leading industry, legal, government and regulators discuss these key issues affecting petroleum decommissioning in Australia today and what it means for the industry in the future. To view the video, click on the link to the right.
Is poor mental health an unrecognised occupational health and safety hazard for conservation biologists and ecologists? Reported incidences, likely causes and possible solutions
Authors: Boon Paul I.
Published: June 2022

Workers in many professions suffer from poor mental health as a result of their employment. Although a bibliographic search generated little published evidence for poor mental health among conservation biologists and ecologists, the phenomenon has been reported among researchers working on coral reefs, climate change, wildfires and threatened species. Factors responsible for poor mental health include (1) epistemic attributes associated with conservation biologists’ and ecologists’ deep knowledge base; (2) non-epistemic values associated with their view of the natural world; and (3) a complex suite of factors relating to the wider social, political and economic milieu in which they practise their trade. Because it relates directly to employment, poor mental health among conservation biologists and ecologists must be differentiated from the phenomena of ‘environmental grief’ and ‘solastalgia’ reported in the wider community. A number of solutions to the problem have been suggested, including appreciating the conservation successes that have been achieved, recognising the importance of collegiality and comradeship, acknowledging the role of grieving rituals, active intervention via therapeutic counselling, reducing the incidence of censorship and repression of scientists’ research, and the adoption of a Stoic view of the world. I propose a different approach: conservation biologists and ecologists should reposition their personal experiences within an historical perspective that sees them as part of a long tradition of struggle to protect the natural environment. An apt rallying cry to help conservation biologists and ecologists manage their mental health is Pablo Casals’ ‘The situation is hopeless. We must take the next step’.
Reversible modification of mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocases by paired
Legionella
effector proteins
Authors: Kubori Tomoko , Lee Junyup , Kim Hyunmin , Yamazaki Kohei , Nishikawa Masanari , Kitao Tomoe , Oh Byung-Ha , Nagai Hiroki
Published: June 2022

Significance

Mitochondria are organelles of the central metabolism that produce ATP and play fundamental roles in eukaryotic cell function and thereby become targets for pathogenic bacteria to manipulate. We found that the intracellular bacterial pathogen,
Legionella pneumophila
, targets mitochondrial ADP/ATP translocases (ANTs), the function of which is linked to the mitochondrial ATP synthesis. This is achieved by a pair of effector proteins, Lpg0080 and Lpg0081, which have opposing enzymatic activities as an ADP ribosyltransferase (ART) and an ADP ribosylhydrolase (ARH), respectively, coordinately regulating the chemical modification of ANTs upon infection. Our structural analyses indicate that Lpg0081 is an ARH with a noncanonical macrodomain, whose folding topology is distinct from that of the canonical macrodomain of known eukaryotic, archaeal, and bacterial proteins.
The structural origin of the efficient photochromism in natural minerals
Authors: Colinet Pauline , Byron Hannah , Vuori Sami , Lehtiö Juha-Pekka , Laukkanen Pekka , Van Goethem Ludo , Lastusaari Mika , Le Bahers Tangui
Published: June 2022

Significance

Natural photochromic minerals have been reported by geologists for decades. However, the understanding of the photochromism mechanism has a key question still unanswered: What in their structure gives rise to the photochromism’s reversibility? By combining experimental and computational methods specifically developed to investigate this photochromism, this work provides the answer to this fundamental question. The specific crystal structure of these minerals allows an unusual motion of the sodium atoms stabilizing the electronic states associated to the colored forms. With a complete understanding of the photochromism mechanism in hand, it is now possible to design new families of stable and tunable photochromic inorganic materials-based devices.
A study on the semantic change of the Chinese negative adverbBùshèn(不甚)
Authors: Han Xiao , Zhan Fangqiong
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to account for the multiple interpretations of the Chinese negative degree adverbbùshèn(不甚). InXiandai Hanyu Dacidian Shangce (Modern Chinese Dictionary Volume I)(Ruan & Guo (eds) 2009),bùshènis defined as ‘the degree is not very high’, which can be interpreted as ‘not very’; however, in the CCL and BCC Modern Chinese corpora, a few cases showing thatbùshèncan only be interpreted as indicating positive degree similar to ‘very’. Using the extensive classical and modern Chinese data, we argue that the semantic change has undergone a process of analogy (cf.Harris & Campbell 1995;Fischer 2007;Traugott & Trousdale 2013). Specifically, the use of positive degree ofbùshènhas been analogized to the extant positive degree adverbbùshèng(不胜). The semantic change is observed whenbùshènforms common collocations with an adjective or a verb which convey emotions, such asgǎnxiè‘grateful’ inbùshèng gǎnxiè‘very grateful’.
Poetic Metaphors
Authors: Rasse Carina
Published: June 2022

Poetry pushes metaphor to the limit. Consider how many different, dynamic, and interconnected dimensions (e.g., text, rhyme, rhythm, sound, and many more) a poem has, and how they all play a role in the ways (metaphorical) meaning is constructed. There is probably no other genre that relies so much on the creator’s ability to get his or her message across while, at the same time, leaving enough room for the interpreters to find out for themselves what a poem means to them, what emotions and feelings it evokes, and which experiences it conveys. This book uses interviews, questionnaires and think-aloud protocols to investigate the meanings and functions of metaphors from a poet’s perspective and to explore how readers interpret and engage with this poetry. Besides the theoretical contribution to the field of metaphor studies, this monograph presents numerous practical implications for a systematic exploration of metaphors in contemporary poetry and beyond.
Rethinking English as a lingua franca in scientific-academic contexts
Authors: Navarro Federico , Lillis Theresa , Donahue Tiane , Curry Mary Jane , Reyes Natalia Ávila , Gustafsson Magnus , Zavala Virginia , Lauría Daniela , Lukin Annabelle , McKinney Carolyn , Feng Haiying , Motta-Roth Désirée
Published: June 2022

We aim to challenge assumptions made about the use of English as a “lingua franca” in scientific-academic contexts, identify the impact of such assumptions on trajectories of knowledge production and uptake, and legitimize the use of multiple languages for transnational scholarly exchange. We set out ten principles: Using English as a scientific-academic “lingua franca” does not always promote inclusion; A language positioned as a scientific-academic “lingua franca” can act as a language of domination; Positioning English as the “lingua franca” policy may discourage translations and exclude participation; Policies which position English as being the contemporary scientific-academic “lingua franca” may convey the idea that knowledge produced in English is the only knowledge that exists; The imposition of English as a presumed scientific-academic “lingua franca” is a manifestation of the unequal distribution of knowledge production and uptake; Languages/varieties function as powerful resources for knowledge making; Choosing a language for publishing or presenting is a sociolinguistic right; Choosing a language to publish or present in is a political act; Convention organizers should have the right to promote the language(s) of their choice; Convention organizers and scholars should be as creative and sensitive to including as diverse an audience as possible.
Syntactic change in Palaungic
Authors: Lee Wei-Wei , Jenny Mathias
Published: June 2022

The relative constructions in several Palaungic languages (Htanaw, Wa, Lawa, Rumai Palaung, Samlong Palaung, and Rucing Palaung), here shown to be participant nominalizations, display striking mutual similarities, while conspicuously diverging from the dominant relativization strategy within the Austroasiatic family. Instead of the commonn [rel (s) v (o)]pattern, the Palaungic constructions examined exhibit the following structural features: (a)relinvariably precedes the verb complex directly; (b) internal constituent order isvs(o), with the exception of Htanaw. An unusual functional trait is additionally found in the three Palaung varieties: the construction only performs object relativization. By placing the findings in a diachronic perspective, we propose two new pathways of branch-internal syntactic change that may explain this unusual synchronic status. Among these, the lexical-to-clausal-nominalization pathway in particular offers a plausible alternative scenario to the earlier hypothesis that such verb-initial structures are inherited from Proto-Austroasiatic (Jenny 2020). Furthermore, a tentatively suggested etymological origin of the relativizer, pAA *pa‘place’, provides an account of the narrow semantics in Palaung.
Interrogatives of Liangshan Yi
Authors: Ding Hongdi
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the interrogative system of Liangshan Yi, a Loloish language spoken in Southwest China, by investigating its two major dialects: Nuosu and Niesu. Ten interrogative categories are addressed, including ‘who’, ‘which’, ‘what’, ‘how many/much’, ‘what kind’, ‘how’, ‘where’, ‘when’, ‘for what’ and ‘why’. The following syntactic categories are revealed for the basic functions of the interrogatives: person ‘who’, thing ‘what’, place ‘where’ and time ‘when’ are all nouns, selection ‘which’ is an adjective, quantity ‘how many/much’ is a numeral, manner ‘how’ is a verb, kind ‘what kind’ is a verb phrase, purpose ‘for what’ is a verb phrase, and cause ‘why’ is a verb. Both purpose and cause interrogatives are based on the meaning ‘to do what’. All interrogatives have the same syntactic categories in Niesu and Nuosu. Both Niesu and Nuosu distinguish purpose from cause by using word/phrase distinction and positional differences in sentences. The grammaticalization of the verb phrase ‘to do what’ into the cause interrogative is facilitated by three structural conditions of Liangshan Yi. Moreover, the (proto-)which-word and thewhat-word are the basis for most of the interrogatives in Liangshan Yi. However, the derivation betweenwhichandhowis no longer visible in Nuosu, while this connection is still clear in Niesu. Three crossover functions are described: asking for ‘why’ with ‘how’, asking for ‘why’ with ‘what’, and asking for ‘how’ with ‘where’; the word classes of the interrogatives may also change due to the functional changes. Finally, the non-interrogative functions of the interrogatives are discussed, including indefinites, intensification of a state, and exclamation.
Tangut verb agreement
Authors: Beaudouin Mathieu
Published: June 2022

The Tangut language is of particular importance to the field of Sino­Tibetan Studies, notably because of its morphological conservatism, which is unexpectedly correlated with a simplification of its syllable structure, a consequence of a processMiyake (2012)called “compression”. Such conservatism is evident in the syllable qualities reconstructed, which sometimes reflect proto­ Tangut’s ancient derivational processes. Verbs also exhibit various flectional phenomena, mainly due to conversion of agreement rules and referential hierarchy rules (Silverstein 1976), in a manner reminiscent of the indexation system of languages of the rGyalrongic taxon within the Qiangic family. The present paper attempts to explain the absence of indexation in the Tangut verb, a key phenomenon in the history of verb agreement analysis. First, I recall the main rules of the Tangut verb’s agreement system, as shown byKepping (1975)andGong (2001). Second, cases of non­agreement are analyzed. Apart from the case of non­local contexts, we see that the absence of agreement occurs in non­finite forms resulting from a dependency pattern, such as clause chaining, topic/comment context, and semantically dependent modality.1
Classifiers before numerals
Authors: Evans Jonathan P.
Published: June 2022

Languages with sortal classifiers (clf) are distributed across the world, with a large concentration in East and South (east) Asia. Across the world’s classifier languages, few are attested which order classifiers before numerals in counted noun phrases (clf num). The Sino-Tibetan language family includes languages without sortal classifiers, languages with the more typicalnum clforder, as well as languages withclf numorder. The latter group of languages are concentrated in Northeast India and neighboring regions. The Sino-Tibetan languages withclf numorder do not fit under one genealogical node. The present hypothesis is that the classifiers arose through repetition of the counted noun, following which the order spread via contact. Theclf numorder appears to have arisen at least as early as the time of Proto-Bodo-Garo. However, we do not yet find cognate classifiers at a time depth beyond Proto-Bodo-Garo. A remaining mystery is why such a cross-linguistically rare morpheme order spread so easily within the Northeast India linguistic area.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Electron Correlations in Epitaxial Bilayer Graphene with Interface-Reconstructed Superlattice Potentials
Authors: Liu Chaofei , Wang Jian
Published: June 2022

Superlattice potentials are theoretically predicted to modify the single-particle electronic structures. The resulting Coulomb-interaction-dominated low-energy physics would generate highly novel many-body phenomena. Here, by in situ tunneling spectroscopy, we show the signatures of superstructure-modulated correlated electron states in epitaxial bilayer graphene (BLG) on 6H-SiC(0001). As the carrier density is locally quasi-‘tuned’ by the superlattice potentials of a 6 × 6 interface reconstruction phase, the spectral-weight transfer occurs between the two broad peaks flanking the charge-neutral point. Such a detected non-rigid band shift beyond the single-particle band description implies the existence of correlation effects, probably attributed to the modified interlayer coupling in epitaxial BLG by the 6 × 6 reconstruction as in magic-angle BLG by the moiré potentials. Quantitative analysis suggests that the intrinsic interface reconstruction shows a high carrier tunability of ∼ 1/2 filling range, equivalent to the back gating by a voltage of ∼ 70 V in a typical gated BLG/SiO2/Si device. The finding in interface-modulated epitaxial BLG with reconstruction phase extends the BLG platform with electron correlations beyond the magic-angle situation, and may stimulate further investigations on correlated states in graphene systems and other van der Waals materials.
Flow visualization: state-of-the-art development of micro-particle image velocimetry
Authors: Etminan Amin , Muzychka Yuri S , Pope Kevin , Nyantekyi-Kwakye Baafour
Published: June 2022

Experimental flow visualization is a valuable tool for analyzing microfluidics and nanofluidics in a wide variety of applications. Since the late 1990s, considerable advances in optical methods and image postprocessing techniques have improved direct optical measurements, resulting in an accurate qualitative and quantitative understanding of transport phenomena in lab-on-a-chip capillaries. In this study, a comparison of different optical measurement techniques is presented. The state-of-the-art development of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to date, particularly in microscale applications, is reviewed here in detail. This study reviews novel approaches for estimating velocity field measurements with high precision within interrogation windows. Different regularization terms are discussed to demonstrate their capability for particle displacement optimization. The discussion shows how single- and multi-camera optical techniques provide two-dimensional and three-component velocity fields. The performance of each method is compared by highlighting its advantages and limitations. Finally, the feasibility of micro resolution PIV in bioapplications is overviewed.