bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrodynamic aggregation of membrane inclusions due to non-Newtonian surface rheology
Authors: Vig Vishnu , Manikantan Harishankar
Published: June 2023

Biological membranes are self-assembled complex fluid interfaces that host proteins, molecular motors, and other macromolecules essential for cellular function. These membranes have a distinct in-plane fluid response with a surface viscosity that has been well characterized. The resulting quasi-two-dimensional fluid dynamical problem describes the motion of embedded proteins or particles. However, the viscous response of biological membranes is often non-Newtonian: in particular, the surface shear viscosity of phospholipids that comprise the membrane depends strongly on the surface pressure. We use the Lorentz reciprocal theorem to extract the effective long-ranged hydrodynamic interaction among membrane inclusions that arises due to such non-trivial rheology. We show that the corrective force that emerges ties back to the interplay between membrane flow and non-constant viscosity, which suggests a mechanism for biologically favorable protein aggregation within membranes. We quantify and describe the mechanism for such a large-scale concentration instability using a mean-field model. Finally, we employ numerical simulations to demonstrate the formation of hexatic crystals due to the effective hydrodynamic interactions within the membrane.
A corpus-based study of ‘Away gestures’ across four signed languages
Authors: Gabarró-López Sílvia , Kuder Anna
Published: June 2023

This paper presents a study of four recurrent gestures: sweeping away, holding away, brushing away and throwing
away. These forms have so far only been studied for spoken languages and are said to form the ‘family of Away gestures’, which is
semantically motivated by the effect of actions of removing or keeping away of things. Our corpus-based study aims to investigate
these forms in four sign languages: Catalan, French Belgian, German, and Polish. We select and study a data sample that lasts
approximately three hours. Our findings reveal the frequency, functions, and the lexicalisation status of the forms across the
four studied languages.
Who’s got the upper hand?
Authors: Beukeleers Inez , Lepeut Alysson
Published: June 2023

A large body of research has highlighted the tight, carefully organised temporal coordination of interaction. When
taking turns, people tend to minimise the occurrence of gaps and overlaps (Sacks, Schegloff,
and Jefferson 1974). Within the field of signed language linguistics, however, there is an ongoing debate: while some
researchers claim that signers orient to a ‘one-speaker-at-a-time’ principle (McCleary and
Leite 2013) as found in spoken conversation, others argue that signed language interactions allow for more overlapping
turns, displaying a more collaborative floor in their turn-taking mechanics (Coates and
Sutton-Spence 2001). The current paper aims at contributing to this discussion by providing a first cross-linguistic,
systematic account of the manifestation of overlap in two signed languages, namely LSFB (French Belgian Sign Language) and VGT
(Flemish Sign Language). We analysed simultaneous signing in 2 hours of dyadic face-to-face conversations. This paper
combines a quantitative account of the turn timing and thus frequency counts of overlap in VGT and LSFB interactions with a more
fine-grained qualitative analysis of the interactional, i.e., sequential environment, in which overlap occurs and the strategies
deployed to accomplish overlap resolution by deaf participants. In doing so, this paper sheds further light on the orderliness of
signed conversation, and ultimately contributes to a better understanding of the semiotic complexity of multimodal interaction
management across language ecologies (Ferrara and Hodge 2018).
Turn-taking in the interactive Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Feddersen Richard , Liebscher Grit , Dailey-O’Cain Jennifer
Published: June 2023

Building on Linguistic Landscape (LL) research that highlights its interactivity, we examine how interaction is a crucial element in the creation of meaning in the LL. Our analysis draws on the concept of turn-taking from conversation analysis, in applying the concept of turn, i.e. individual interactants’ contributions to conversation, and introducing its counterpart in the LL. Pairing this with the principles of geosemiotics and Ethnographic Linguistic Landscape Analysis (ELLA), we demonstrate that LLs can consist of interlinked semiotic turns that proceed similarly to turns of a conversation. Combining turn-taking, geosemiotics and ELLA encourages us to go beyond the fixation of ‘top-down’ vs. ‘bottom-up’ and ‘transgressive’ processes. Not only does the LL hold an ever-present possibility of an interactive response but we show that actors attend to the turn-taking mechanism that includes consistent approaches to dealing with discernible interactants, taking turns, and turn-design.
Thermodynamically stable phases of asymptotically flat Lovelock black holes
Authors: Wu Jerry , Mann Robert B
Published: June 2023

We present the first examples of phase transitions in asymptotically flat black hole solutions. We analyse the thermodynamic properties of black holes in orderN⩾3Lovelock gravity, with zero cosmological constant. We find a new type of ‘inverted’ swallowtail indicative of stable temperature regions for an otherwise unstable neutral black hole, and demonstrate multiple such stable phases can exist and coexist at multi-critical points. We also find that for charged black holes, ordinary swallowtails can exist on the stable Gibbs free energy branch, allowing for multiple first order phase transitions as seen for anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes. A triple point forN = 5 and a quadruple point forN = 7 are presented explicitly. We investigate changes in the Gibbs free energy as the lowest order Lovelock constant is varied, and draw comparisons to pressure changes for AdS black hole systems.
Transition from inspiral to plunge for braneworld EMRI
Authors: Mukherjee Sajal , Chakraborty Sumanta
Published: June 2023

In the present article, we discuss the late inspiral and then the transition regime to the plunge phase of a secondary, less massive compact object into a more massive braneworld black hole, in the context of an extreme-mass-ratio inspiral. We obtain the approximate expressions for fluxes due to slowly evolving constants of motion, such as the energy and the angular momentum, in the presence of the tidal charge inherited from the higher spacetime dimensions for an extreme-mass-ratio system. These expressions for fluxes are further used to introduce dissipative effects while modelling the inspiral to the plunge phase through the transition regime. Within our setup, we provide a qualitative understanding of how the additional tidal charge present in the braneworld scenario may affect the timescale of the late inspiral to the plunge, in particular, by enhancing the time scale of the transition regime. Finally, we provide an estimate for the tidal charge from the higher dimensions, using the observable aspects of the transition regime from the late inspiral to the plunge by the gravitational wave detectors.
Electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and crystal growth of p-type tellurium films through temperature dependent RF sputtering
Authors: Kim Minseok , Kim Hye-Mi , Yanagi Hiroshi , Fukui Keiga , Park Jin-Seong
Published: June 2023

Te thin films have recently received considerable attention owing to its superior electrical and thermoelectric properties. During the deposition process, if the temperature of the substrate is raised, high crystallinity and improved electrical properties can be expected. In this study, we used radio frequency sputtering for Te deposition to study the relationship between the deposition temperature, crystal size, and electrical performance. As the deposition temperature is increased from room temperature to 100 °C, we observed an increase in crystal size from the x-ray diffraction patterns and full-width half maximum calculations. With this grain size increment, the Hall mobility and Seebeck coefficient of the Te thin film increased significantly from 16 to 33 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 50 to 138 μV K−1, respectively. This study reveals the potential of a facile fabrication method for enhanced Te thin films using temperature control and highlights the importance of the Te crystal structure in determining the electrical/thermoelectrical properties. These findings are particularly significant for the development of semiconductor material systems for various applications, including thermoelectric devices, CMOS, FET, and solar devices.
Detection of range shifts in proton beam therapy using the J-PET scanner: a patient simulation study
Authors: Brzeziński Karol , Baran Jakub , Borys Damian , Gajewski Jan , Chug Neha , Coussat Aurelien , Czerwiński Eryk , Dadgar Meysam , Dulski Kamil , Eliyan Kavya V , Gajos Aleksander , Kacprzak Krzysztof , Kapłon Łukasz , Klimaszewski Konrad , Konieczka Paweł , Kopeć Renata , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Kumar Deepak , Lomax Antony J , McNamara Keegan , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Olko Paweł , Panek Dominik , Parzych Szymon , Perez del Rio Elena , Raczyński Lech , Sharma Sushil , Shivani  , Shopa Roman Y , Skóra Tomasz , Skurzok Magdalena , Stasica Paulina , Stępień Ewa Ł , Tayefi Keyvan , Tayefi Faranak , Weber Damien C , Winterhalter Carla , Wiślicki Wojciech , Moskal Paweł , Rucinski Antoni
Published: June 2023

Objective. The Jagiellonian positron emission tomography (J-PET) technology, based on plastic scintillators, has been proposed as a cost effective tool for detecting range deviations during proton therapy. This study investigates the feasibility of using J-PET for range monitoring by means of a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study of 95 patients who underwent proton therapy at the Cyclotron Centre Bronowice (CCB) in Krakow, Poland. Approach. Discrepancies between prescribed and delivered treatments were artificially introduced in the simulations by means of shifts in patient positioning and in the Hounsfield unit to the relative proton stopping power calibration curve. A dual-layer, cylindrical J-PET geometry was simulated in an in-room monitoring scenario and a triple-layer, dual-head geometry in an in-beam protocol. The distribution of range shifts in reconstructed PET activity was visualized in the beam’s eye view. Linear prediction models were constructed from all patients in the cohort, using the mean shift in reconstructed PET activity as a predictor of the mean proton range deviation. Main results. Maps of deviations in the range of reconstructed PET distributions showed agreement with those of deviations in dose range in most patients. The linear prediction model showed a good fit, with coefficient of determination r
2 = 0.84 (in-room) and 0.75 (in-beam). Residual standard error was below 1 mm: 0.33 mm (in-room) and 0.23 mm (in-beam). Significance. The precision of the proposed prediction models shows the sensitivity of the proposed J-PET scanners to shifts in proton range for a wide range of clinical treatment plans. Furthermore, it motivates the use of such models as a tool for predicting proton range deviations and opens up new prospects for investigations into the use of intra-treatment PET images for predicting clinical metrics that aid in the assessment of the quality of delivered treatment.
Multibeam minimum variance beamforming for ring array ultrasound imaging
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhu Yunhao , Zhou Bowen , Liu Songde , He Nianan , Tian Chao
Published: June 2023

Objective. Delay-and-sum (DAS) and minimum variance (MV) are two of the most important beamformers researched in ultrasound imaging. Compared with DAS, MV beamformer is different in respect of the aperture weights calculation, and can enhance the image quality by minimizing interference signal power. Various MV beamformers in linear array are studied, but linear array only provides a limited field of view. Ring array can provide better resolution and a full viewing angle; however, few studies have been explored based on ring array transducers. Approach. In this study, we proposed the multibeam MV (MB-MV) beamformer based on the conventional MV to enhance the image quality in ring array ultrasound imaging. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conducted simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo human experiments to compare MB-MV with DAS and spatial smoothing (SS) MV beamformers. Main results. The results show that the MB-MV method achieves at least 50% enhancement in terms of full width at half maximum compared to the others. Additionally, the MB-MV method improves the contrast ratio by approximate 6 dB and 4 dB compared with DAS and SS MV, respectively. Significance. This work demonstrates the feasibility of MB-MV method for ring array ultrasound imaging, and proves that MB-MV can improve the imaging quality in medical ultrasound imaging. According to our results, MB-MV method provides great potential in distinguishing between lesion and non-lesion areas in clinics, and further promotes the practical application of ring arrays in ultrasound imaging.
Tsallis relative α entropy of coherence dynamics in Grover′s search algorithm
Authors: Ye Linlin , Wu Zhaoqi , Fei Shao-Ming
Published: June 2023

Quantum coherence plays a central role in Grover’s search algorithm. We study the Tsallis relative

α

entropy of coherence dynamics of the evolved state in Grover’s search algorithm. We prove that the Tsallis relative

α

entropy of coherence decreases with the increase of the success probability, and derive the complementarity relations between the coherence and the success probability. We show that the operator coherence of the first

H

⨂
n

relies on the size of the database

N
,

the success probability and the target states. Moreover, we illustrate the relationships between coherence and entanglement of the superposition state of targets, as well as the production and deletion of coherence in Grover iterations.
On the Kemeny time for continuous-time reversible and irreversible Markov processes with applications to stochastic resetting and to conditioning towards forever-survival
Authors: Mazzolo Alain , Monthus Cécile
Published: June 2023

For continuous-time ergodic Markov processes, the Kemeny timeτ∗is the characteristic time needed to converge towards the steady stateP∗(x): in real-space, the Kemeny timeτ∗corresponds to the average of the mean-first-passage-timeτ(x,x0)over the final configurationxdrawn with the steady stateP∗(x), which turns out to be independent of the initial configurationx0; in the spectral domain, the Kemeny timeτ∗corresponds to the sum of the inverses of all the non-vanishing eigenvaluesλn≠0of the opposite generator. We describe many illustrative examples involving jumps and/or diffusion in one dimension, where the Kemeny time can be explicitly computed as a function of the system-size, via its real-space definition and/or via its spectral definition: we consider both reversible processes satisfying detailed-balance where the eigenvalues are real, and irreversible processes characterized by non-vanishing steady currents where the eigenvalues can be complex. In particular, we study the specific properties of the Kemeny times for Markov processes with stochastic resetting, and for absorbing Markov processes conditioned to survive forever.
Large-scale circulation dominated precipitation variation and its effect on potential water availability across the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Xiuping , Wang Lei , Chen Deliang , Thompson Lonnie , Yang Kun , Zhong Shiyuan , Liu Liu , Xu Zongxue , Song Lei
Published: June 2023

The large-scale circulation, Indian summer monsoon (ISM), has a strong influence on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) since its onset and intensity have profound impacts on regional precipitation, which then can supply water for glaciers, lakes, rivers and social demands. Weakening monsoon intensity and longer monsoon duration seem contradictory, as a weaker monsoon tends to produce less precipitation, while a longer duration increases the probability of precipitation. Past research has focused on how ISM’s intensity affects precipitation, with little consideration of the impacts of ISM duration. Here, we investigate the long-term (1979–2100) variability in the ISM’s duration and intensity. We find a prolonged ISM from 1979 to 2018, accompanied by monsoon weakening. Different combinations of duration and intensity have resulted in different spatial patterns of precipitation across the southeastern TP. Weakening and prolonged ISM is helpful to produce more precipitation around the southeastern TP, with intensity acting as a dominant control. Afterwards, an obvious impact can be found on potential water availability. Climate projections suggest that the ISM will weaken and lengthen until 2100, thereby increasing precipitation and potential water availability across the southeastern TP. This long-term trend should receive more attentions as increased regional extreme precipitation will increase the probability of flood risks until the end of this century.
Near real-time altimetry for river monitoring—a global assessment of Sentinel-3
Authors: Jiang Liguang , Zhao Yanan , Nielsen Karina , Andersen Ole B , Bauer-Gottwein Peter
Published: June 2023

For applications such as weather, flood, and drought forecasting that need water level estimates as soon as possible, near real-time (NRT) products are most appropriate. Unlike in-situ sensors for water level measurements, which typically deliver NRT data, satellite altimeters deliver physically meaningful observations with substantial delays after acquisition. The new radar altimetry mission, Sentinel-3, is capable of delivering NRT water levels within a few hours of observation. Currently, it remains unexplored how accurate the NRT product is in the context of river monitoring. This study assesses Sentinel-3A/B NRT products in mapping river water level variations globally. Based on a three-year comparison, we find that the water level derived from NRT is almost as good as that from the delayed products (median root-mean-square error (RMSE): 21.5 cm and 23.5 for S3A and S3B), and both products achieve very similar RMSE values (median: 52.5 cm and 59.0 cm for NRT and non-time critical) against in-situ data at 25 locations. This study highlights the usefulness of Sentinel-3 NRT product for river monitoring and forecasting. And we recommend the NRT product if latency is a primary concern.
Resistance on Catamaran Decommissioning Unit: A Comparison of Numerical Analysis (Two Turbulence Models) to Model Test Result
Authors: Ghofur Abdul , Arifin  , Arianti Erdina , Bisri A , Suwahyu
Published: June 2023

A new concept design Catamaran Decommissioning Unit has been developed by Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology Indonesia. The catamaran has a unique shape, however in order to achieve resilient and sustainable the decommissioning unit as it has a unique shape, resistance analysis both model testing and numerical calculation must be conducted. The resistance value from the numerical analysis needs to be validated with the results from model testing in the towing tank. A model of a catamaran unit with a scaling factor λ=36 was taken as the object of study. The model test was conducted in a towing tank with service speed varies from 7-15 knots. As a comparison, a numerical analysis using the CFD method was being performed under two different turbulence models (k-ε and k-ω SST) with the same speed regarding the experimental speed parameter. Iin a conclusion, numerical analysis with k-ω SST turbulence model gives a better performance with smaller relative deviation compared to the k-ε turbulence model.
Dynamic response evaluation due to construction system modification of 155 m barge ship using finite element method
Authors: Tuswan Tuswan , Amiruddin Wilma , Yudo Hartono , Prabowo Aditya Rio
Published: June 2023

The application of lightweight sandwich material as a ship structure was an innovative breakthrough that provided an excellent strength-to-weight ratio. In the sandwich application process, the proposed structural design and scantling must be designed according to the equivalent strength requirement with low weight compared to the existing structure. The research aims to evaluate the dynamic response of different construction systems of barge ships due to applying various hybrid sandwich types in the deck, ship hull, and bottom structures using the current Lloyd’s Register standard. A total of three proposed construction systems: longitudinal, transverse and mixed framing systems, are investigated under different plate configurations, material types, and scantling sizes. The numerical-based finite element approach is used to evaluate dynamic properties of natural frequency and mode shape using free vibration analysis at low mode numbers. The finite element result from the dynamic characteristic and weight reduction estimation between the existing structure and the proposed construction systems under various plate configurations, material types, and scantling sizes is evaluated to determine the application of lightweight sandwich panels in the barge structure.
Sustainable ship health monitoring for side hull structure using the random decrement method
Authors: Ariesta R C , Zubaydi A , Sukma N P L , Sujiatanti S H , Siswanti H
Published: June 2023

Damage detection of sandwich material used in the ship structure has attracted more awareness to providing diagnostics for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) systems. This study reported damage identification of sandwich material based on the Random Decrement Method (RDM) using experimental and numerical approaches. The investigation was assumed by modeling the material in two conditions which are undamaged and damaged conditions to analyze the dynamic behaviors of vibration response. The results of the vibration response obtained a similar trend between undamaged and damaged material conditions. Furthermore, a decreased stiffness occurs due to damage to the sandwich plate. Therefore, the random decrement method can be selected as a detection method for identifying damage with fair accuracy and obtaining sustainability for the ship structure.
Design of Automatic Underwater Object Detection and Tracking System for Penta Tubular ROV in Blue Economy Environment
Authors: Widjaja R S , Hermawan Y A , Purwanto D B , Yulianto T , Akintoro A S
Published: June 2023

The development of underwater vehicles has opportunity to be further improved. One of the most challenging for developing underwater vehicle is developing automatic tracking system for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV). This research develops AUV with automatic object detection and tracking systems. These systems are developed by using vision-based method. The AUV is designed with Penta Tubular type whereas the automatic object detection system is started from captured image taken by underwater camera in the form of Blue-Green-Red (BGR) color space, which then will go through a masking process. The object resulted by object detection system is then to be used as followed object for automatic tracking system. Meanwhile, Automatic object tracking system is established by using two vertical lines that are used as motion parameters of the AUV. By considering the object position compared with the two vertical lines, the automatic tracking guidance system can be generated. The developed automatic object detection and tracking systems can be used well for AUV, in which verage travel time for forward and backward motion are 14.20 seconds in 0.14 m/s, and 19.82 seconds in 0.1 m/s while average travel time is 15.36 seconds and 13.58 seconds for right and left motion test respectively.
Spiral analysis of vertical currents in Lamong bay
Authors: Mustain Mahmud , Sujantoko
Published: June 2023

Coastal management is interested in restoring the natural conditions of increasing the comfort of the community after being degraded due to reclamation, as in Lamong Bay. Therefore, it is necessary to know the character of the current pattern vertically in the study area. This paper aims to find out the current vertical pattern by referring to the shape of the Ekman Spiral. This concept is based on the implementation of surveys and the presentation of currents with hydrodynamic analysis in Lamong Bay. The survey has been carried out at five points, presented with measurement results, and analyzed to the character of the current spiral pattern to depth. Tidal measurement and modeling are also carried out to determine the validation of current measurements synchronized with their position and time. The results obtained in the form of a spiral are not exactly according to the shape of the Ekman Spiral theory, namely on the Southern Hemisphere Earth rotating towards the left. The speed is getting lower and smaller i.e. getting smaller and smaller to the depths (average of CM-1: 0.24 m/s for 0.2D, 0.21 m/s for 0.6D, and 0.18 m/s for 0.8D). Validation of tidal and current measurements from measurements and models qualitatively obtained minimal errors.
Sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab catching application - A review
Authors: Setiyobudi N , Santoso A , Sari D P , Muttaqie T , Muryadin  , Noor F M , Zarochman  , Sasmita S , Wassahua Z , Setiawan A B , Sukoraharjo S S , Kuncoro A
Published: June 2023

The increase in fuel prices will gradually have an impact on the capture fisheries sub-sector, especially the fishermen. Sail technology is an alternative that can be used to save fuel oil, although it is realized that this technology cannot completely replace the diesel motor that is commonly used in fishing operations. This study will explain the application opportunities of sail technology on fishing vessels for blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) in the deep waters of the Java Sea. This fishing ground is more than 12 nautical miles from the coast. Using sail technology on fishing vessels is very dependent on the characteristics of wind speed and direction. This discussion explores the relationship between the west and east monsoons in the Java Sea with the direction of fishing trip. Technological difficulties and current challenge in sail technology on fishing vessel for blue swimming crab are identified. The possible ideas for future research in this field are also discussed.
Selection of mooring system configuration of a FSO using multi-criteria methods
Authors: Murdjito  , Shidqi H M N , Wardhana W , Djatmiko E B , Prasetyawan I , Rachmadiarto F
Published: June 2023

In order to maintain and restrain the movement of a temporary storage tanker during the loading and offloading process, it is necessary to design a mooring system that is safe and reliable for its operation needs. The main problem that must be solved in this research is choosing the appropriate mooring system configuration for the temporary storage tanker equipped with a catenary mooring configuration that can be used for oil loading operations from the storage tanker to a transport tanker using the ship to ship method. This research focusses in the selection of mooring system configurations based on the strength of the anchor chain. There are nine alternatives configurations and predetermined criteria that were carried out in the study. Each alternative configuration will provide a different value of tension in each mooring line and ship movement. The analysis of the mooring tension is carried out using dynamic method with time domain approach. There are many criteria to be considered in the selection of the alternatives. The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method is used in the selection of the best configuration based on multi criteria conditions. As case study of the study is a temporary storage tanker at Papa Field in Pertamina (Persero) ONWJ operation area as temporary storage taker is an Aframax tanker size.
Strength Analysis of Crane Hook Structure with Trapezoidal Cross-Section Based on Rigging Configuration on the Upper Deck Lifting Process
Authors: Hadiwidodo Y S , Permana R G , Handayanu
Published: June 2023

Lifting is one of the most important processes in offshore platform fabricaction. This process involves structures with large loads and dimensions which can lead to structural failure. One of the failures that often occur in lifting operations is the failure of the crane hook structure. In this study, strength analysis of the rigging configuration and crane hook is carried out in the upper deck lifting process at the stacking phase using analytical and numerical methods. The hook crane model used is Ramshorn Forged Hooks with a design based on DIN15402. Furthermore, local stress analysis is carried out on the crane hook structure to determine the deformation, maximum Von Mises stress, and Von Mises stress in cross-section that occurs in the crane hook structure with a trapezoidal cross-section. Simulations are carried out using analytical and finite element method software. The results of the stress analysis on the trapezoidal cross-section will then be validated. Then the calculation of the safety factor (SF) based on the results of the analysis of the maximum Von Mises stress is carried out to determine the failure of the crane hook structure when given a predetermined load.
The Effect of geometric parameters on stress concentration factor of a multiplanar DKT tubular joint through finite element model
Authors: Prastianto R W , Admiral F A , Rosyid D M , Hadiwidodo Y S , Handayanu  , Syalsabila F
Published: June 2023

It is important to consider geometric parameters on Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) at the tubular joint, especially multi-planar joint, when designing a jacket platform. Thus, a jacket platform capable to withstand the extreme environmental loads. Many researchers use the Finite Element (FE) method to analyze stress at joints and estimate the SCF with the variation of geometric parameters. That studies obtained the result that geometric parameters have significant effect on decreasing or increasing the SCF. Therefore, this study will delve the effect of geometric parameters (β, τ, and γ) on maximum SCF caused by axial loading, in-plane bending moment, and out-of-plane bending moment at DKT tubular joint. The increase of β results in the decrease in maximum SCF at brace-side and chord-side weld toe, respectively. The increase of τ and γ results in the increase in maximum SCF at brace-side and chord-side weld toe, respectively.
Conceptual Design and Operation Plan of Floating Medical Wastes Treatment Facility for Archipelagic Area: A Case Study of Maluku and Papua
Authors: Lazuardi S D , Ardhi E W , Nugroho S , Hadi F , Nur H I , Devintasari D V , Izza Y R
Published: June 2023

Indonesia has been facing considerable challenges in medical wastes management. In 2020, the medical wastes reached 294.66 tons/day, but the total capacity of the aggregate wastes treatment facilities nationally was only 224.23 tons/day. Maluku and Papua are Indonesia’s largest archipelagic region consisting of four provinces, which are included in the region with the lowest index of medical wastes management as well as the minimum number of medical wastes treatment facilities. The existing wastes treatment in Maluku and Papua does not meet the standards, it is carried out by open-air burning and open dumping. Therefore, the objective of this study is to create the conceptual design and operation plan of floating medical wastes treatment for archipelagic area. By using a multi-port relay operating pattern for each province, the medical wastes transport started from the hub point which was determined by using the centre of gravity method. Considering the number of medical wastes in each province so that the nonlinear programming method was used to determine the most optimum main dimensions of floating facility. The result obtained that the number of floating facilities required was four SPCB-type with costs overall by 63.14 billion IDR/year.
Performance Simulation of Hybrid Refrigeration System Using Eutectic Salt PCM For Eco Reefer Container
Authors: Ditya D J , Fitri S P
Published: June 2023

Today, fresh, chilled, or frozen products usually use reefer containers. The main problem with using reefer containers is the large energy consumption of 3.6kW/TEUS and the continuous supply of electric power. One solution available is using Phase Change Material (PCM) in the hybrid refrigeration system combined with a vapor compression system. Using PCM, the temperature of the reefer container can be maintained for several hours of cooling with the compressor off. This research aims to simulate the performance of a hybrid refrigeration system using PCM and the distribution of cooling air temperature in a laboratory-scale eco-reefer container. A simulation was performed using numerical software and CFD software. From the simulation analysis, the power value of the compressor at -20 °C is 0.3794 kW for the conventional system, 0.463 kW for the 22% NaCl PCM hybrid system, and 0.411 kW for the 20% Propylene Glycol PCM hybrid one. The COP value is 2,560 for the conventional system, 2,572 for the 22% NaCl PCM hybrid system, and 2,569 for the 20% Propylene Glycol PCM hybrid one. The CFD simulation results that PCM NaCl and Propylene Glycol can maintain the reefer container room temperature and product load.
Application of virtual reality as an alternative training media as complement of ship bridge simulator (case study: port of tanjung emas semarang)
Authors: Pitana Trika , Pramudhita Manungku Trinata , Siswantoro Nurhadi , Napitupulu Josua Ricky Cristian
Published: June 2023

The application of computer technology such as 3D modeling, simulators, virtual reality, and augmented reality, will always provide benefits to the maritime sector. The object of study used in this research is the physical bridge simulator at Poltekpel Surabaya which is used as a virtual simulator using virtual reality. Through the application of virtual reality technology, it can be developed into an educational facility for the cadets there which does not only rely on 2D or 3D forms but can be used as a simulator where users can interact directly in the application. With this simulator, it can save in terms of manufacturing costs and in terms of usage it becomes more effective and practical. In this simulator application the user can participate in a virtual 3D environment that is simulated like a real environment. With a simulator using virtual reality, users can learn how to operate a ship like a captain without having to visit the ship’s bridge directly. Simulators with virtual reality will provide a virtual learning environment that can be accessed easily anywhere and anytime. Based on the results of the cadet assessment test questionnaire consisting of 7 questions with 30 respondents, it can be concluded that the VR application for the Bridge Simulator is in the very good category because the application is easy to understand by the respondents and the 3D results from the ship’s bridge at Poltekpel are the same with those in the simulator application and for the results of the questionnaire calculations have a total value of 908 which is between 840 to 1050, or 87% in the percentage calculation.
Analysis of Location and Wave Characteristics on Capsizing of RoPax Opened-Car-Deck
Authors: Hasanudin  , Zubaydi Achmad , Aryawan Wasis Dwi , Nurwahyudi Aleik
Published: June 2023

RoPax is a ship that carries passengers, cargo, and cars simultaneously by waterway. RoPax with Opened-Car-Deck (OCD) type is the most popular and dominant population in archipelagos developing countries to operate: between islands, strait, and river banks. Nevertheless, the RoPax has the most contributions in casualties, so the ship needs serious intention to reduce the ship accident. Internal ship problems, lousy weather, and human errorsc contribute to shipping accidents. A capsizing ship occurs for single or multiple combination reasons. The paper discusses locations measured from the coastline, significant wave height, and period waves when a capsizing ship. The paper’s research methodology: collecting data on some capsizing RoPax OCD with a range of 25 years in Indonesia water, searching wave characteristics on Copernicus Marine Service, analyzing wave characteristics with Ocean Data View (ODV), and making results. From the location of the case study investigating all capsizing RoPax near the coastline with a range of 0.12-24 miles, two capsizing RoPax OCD occurred on the river. This case suits the IMO study that almost various ships happen in the coastal area . The result of wave height characteristics shows that RoPax OCD capsizes in the low significant wave height of 0.2-1.75 meters, with nine cases in the low wave periods, two in the extended period, and a reasonable period not be founded. In conclusion, stability problems and small size cause the capsizing of RoPax OCD. Crews have more intention in onshore areas and do not carry overload.
Approximation method of the axial forces on network of connectors for modular hexagonal floating structures
Authors: Hanani Nur , Shaharuddin Nik Mohd Ridzuan , Ali Arifah , Sunarsih
Published: June 2023

Modular floating structures are normally made up of modules which are connected using network of connectors. These connectors are prone to heavy load due to facing the open sea wave. Previous studies have examined simple module configuration such as two rectangular form arranged linearly or three or seven hexagonal form arranged in an oblique pattern experimentally or using CFD and FE packages. Two challenges persist afterward; firstly, on applying the current findings to topology made up of a bigger number of modules and secondly on estimating the axial load values of connector at the preliminary design stage. This study developed an approximation method of axial force at the connector based on basic module configuration of hexagonal modular floating structure and axial load values determined by earlier studies. Four approximation methods vary with number of modules, arrangement and connectors facing 900 wave direction were proposed. Early analysis of the proposed method revealed that the axial force of the hexagonal modular connector is affected by the overall structure type and configuration such that hexagonal module-to-module connection requires higher axial load as compared to hexagonal modular cluster-to-cluster linkage due to load distribution amongst the connectors.
Koopman-inspired approach for identification of exogenous anomalies in nonstationary time-series data
Authors: Mallen Alex , Keller Christoph A , Kutz J Nathan
Published: June 2023

In many scenarios, it is necessary to monitor a complex system via a time-series of observations and determine when anomalous exogenous events have occurred so that relevant actions can be taken. Determining whether current observations are abnormal is challenging. It requires learning an extrapolative probabilistic model of the dynamics from historical data, and using a limited number of current observations to make a classification. We leverage recent advances in long-term probabilistic forecasting, namely Deep Probabilistic Koopman, to build a general method for classifying anomalies in multi-dimensional time-series data. We also show how to utilize models with domain knowledge of the dynamics to reduce type I and type II error. We demonstrate our proposed method on the important real-world task of global atmospheric pollution monitoring, integrating it with NASA’s Global Earth Observing System Model. The system successfully detects localized anomalies in air quality due to events such as COVID-19 lockdowns and wildfires.
Standing and Accountability
Authors: Radzik Linda
Published: June 2023

Increasingly, philosophers who write about moral responsibility and accountability practices invoke the concept of “standing,” a term they claim to borrow from legal contexts. Yet critics point out that these philosophers have been maddeningly unclear about what standing is. Worse yet, no single account of the concept of “standing” seems to accommodate its current usage. This essay presents a thin account of standing, defends its usefulness in philosophical analyses of accountability practices, and develops further conceptual tools for thinking about standing.
Creating a virtual leaf
Authors: Harwood Richard
Published: June 2023

When microscopy meets modelling the exciting concept of a ‘virtual leaf’ is born. The goal of a ‘virtual leaf’ is to capture complex physiology in a virtual environment, resulting in the capacity to run experiments computationally. One example of a ‘virtual leaf’ application is capturing 3D anatomy from volume microscopy data and estimating where water evaporates in the leaf and the proportions of apoplastic, symplastic and gas phase water transport. The same 3D anatomy could then be used to improve established 3D reaction-diffusion models, providing a better understanding of the transport of CO2 across the stomata, through the airspace and across the mesophyll cell wall. This viewpoint discusses recent progress that has been made in transitioning from a bulk leaf approach to a 3D understanding of leaf physiology, in particular, the movement of CO2 and H2O within the leaf.
Expression of HSP70 in Human Skin After Cryolipolysis Treatment
Authors: Stevens W Grant , Perez Justin L , Pham Linda D , Jimenez Lozano Joel N
Published: June 2023

Background

Cryolipolysis nonsurgically targets and reduces subcutaneous fat through controlled cooling of skin and underlying fatty tissue. Although skin changes after cryolipolysis treatment have been observed clinically, the mechanisms by which these occur are not well understood.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the epidermal and dermal layers of human skin following cryolipolysis treatment.

Methods

Subjects (N = 11; average age, 41.8 years; average BMI, 29.59 kg/m2) were recruited to receive cryolipolysis treatment with a vacuum cooling cup applicator (−11°C/35 minutes) prior to abdominoplasty surgery. Treated and untreated abdominal tissue samples were harvested immediately after surgery (average follow-up, 15 days; range, 3 days to 5 weeks). Immunohistochemistry for HSP70 was performed on all samples. Slides were digitized and quantified in epidermal and dermal layers.

Results

There was higher epidermal and dermal HSP70 expression in cryolipolysis-treated pre-abdominoplasty samples vs untreated samples. There was a 1.32-fold increase of HSP70 expression in the epidermis (P < .05) and a 1.92-fold increase in the dermis (P < .04) compared with untreated samples.

Conclusions

We found significant induction of HSP70 after cryolipolysis treatment in epidermal and dermal layers. HSP70 has potential therapeutic benefits and is recognized to have a role in skin protection and adaption after thermal stress. Although cryolipolysis is popular for subcutaneous fat reduction, cryolipolytic HSP induction in the skin may prove valuable for additional therapeutic applications, including skin wound healing, remodeling, rejuvenation, and photoprotection.

Level of Evidence: 4
Using Artificial Intelligence to Quantify Sexual Dimorphism in Aesthetic Faces: Analysis of 100 Facial Points in 42 Caucasian Celebrities
Authors: Liu Alice S , Salinas Cristina A , Sharaf Basel A
Published: June 2023

Background

Sexual dimorphism has been studied in the faces of average populations and worldwide celebrities; however, a focused analysis of attractive Caucasian faces has not been conducted.

Objective

The study harnesses the power of artificial intelligence (AI) to efficiently analyze these facial patterns in attractive Caucasian male and female celebrities.

Methods

Twenty-one male and 21 female Caucasian celebrities were selected based on popular editorial rankings, modeling agencies, and casting directors from 2017 to 2022. Frontal photographs of celebrities aged 23 to 42 without facial animation were selected. One hundred facial landmarks were identified using semi-automatic image analysis software consisting of modified Apple Vision (Cupertino, CA) machine-learning algorithms with additional custom landmarks. Measurements were converted to absolute distances by fixing subjects’ white-to-white corneal diameters to the validated average in Caucasians.

Results

Attractive females had significantly greater upper and middle facial proportions, more uniformly divided facial thirds, and greater canthal tilt compared with males. Attractive males had significantly greater facial height, bizygomatic and bigonial widths, medial and total brow lengths, and alar width than females. The golden ratio (1.618) was observed in the ratio of facial height to bigonial width in females (1.613), and attractive males closely approximated that ratio (1.566). There were no significant differences in interpupillary distances, eyebrow angles, or horizontal palpebral fissure lengths. No faces in either sex exhibited scleral show.

Conclusions

The study is the first to utilize AI in quantifying key sexual dimorphisms among Caucasian celebrity faces. Identifying these contemporary patterns may provide valuable considerations in planning facial aesthetic and gender affirmation surgery.

Level of Evidence: 3
Characterization and alteration of product specificity of Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica β-fructosyltransferase
Authors: Li Ding , Miyasaka Yuki , Kubota Arisa , Kozono Takuma , Kitano Yoshikazu , Sasaki Nobumitsu , Fujii Tadashi , Tochio Takumi , Kadota Yoshihiro , Nishikawa Atsushi , Tonozuka Takashi
Published: June 2023

The trisaccharide 1-kestose, a major constituent of fructooligosaccharide, has strong prebiotic effects. We used high-performance liquid chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to show that BiBftA, a β-fructosyltransferase belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 68, from Beijerinckia indica subsp. indica catalyzes transfructosylation of sucrose to produce mostly 1-kestose and levan polysaccharides. We substituted His395 and Phe473 in BiBftA with Arg and Tyr, respectively, and analyzed the reactions of the mutant enzymes with 180 g/L sucrose. The ratio of the molar concentrations of glucose and 1-kestose in the reaction mixture with wild-type BiBftA was 100:8.1, whereas that in the reaction mixture with the variant H395R/F473Y was 100:45.5, indicating that H395R/F473Y predominantly accumulated 1-kestose from sucrose. The X-ray crystal structure of H395R/F473Y suggests that its catalytic pocket is unfavorable for binding of sucrose while favorable for transfructosylation.
MCFF-MTDDI: multi-channel feature fusion for multi-typed drug–drug interaction prediction
Authors: Han Chen-Di , Wang Chun-Chun , Huang Li , Chen Xing
Published: June 2023

Adverse drug–drug interactions (DDIs) have become an increasingly serious problem in the medical and health system. Recently, the effective application of deep learning and biomedical knowledge graphs (KGs) have improved the DDI prediction performance of computational models. However, the problems of feature redundancy and KG noise also arise, bringing new challenges for researchers. To overcome these challenges, we proposed a Multi-Channel Feature Fusion model for multi-typed DDI prediction (MCFF-MTDDI). Specifically, we first extracted drug chemical structure features, drug pairs’ extra label features, and KG features of drugs. Then, these different features were effectively fused by a multi-channel feature fusion module. Finally, multi-typed DDIs were predicted through the fully connected neural network. To our knowledge, we are the first to integrate the extra label information into KG-based multi-typed DDI prediction; besides, we innovatively proposed a novel KG feature learning method and a State Encoder to obtain target drug pairs’ KG-based features which contained more abundant and more key drug-related KG information with less noise; furthermore, a Gated Recurrent Unit-based multi-channel feature fusion module was proposed in an innovative way to yield more comprehensive feature information about drug pairs, effectively alleviating the problem of feature redundancy. We experimented with four datasets in the multi-class and the multi-label prediction tasks to comprehensively evaluate the performance of MCFF-MTDDI for predicting interactions of known-known drugs, known-new drugs and new-new drugs. In addition, we further conducted ablation studies and case studies. All the results fully demonstrated the effectiveness of MCFF-MTDDI.