bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Indonesian Democracy: limits of a majoritarian democracy
Authors: Laksana Ben Kristian Citto
Published: September 2017

Indonesia has continuously been praised as a successful post-authoritarian country transitioning to democracy. However, seeing the numerous human rights violations in the past decade alone especially towards alternative political, religious and sexual identities, the success of democracy in Indonesia has been put under the spotlight. This raises the question of the development of democracy and the use of democracy in Indonesia in practicing and upholding principles of social equality for all. In this article I wish to provide an overview of majoritarian democracy, a form of democracy that is understood and practiced in Indonesia. A form of democracy that rather than upholding values that safeguards individual rights and diversity, may in fact undermine religious and cultural diversity, enforcing a homogenized national culture and values, which in return may engender human rights violations in the name of national security that it in itself is defined by the majority.
Aksi Kamisan: Lamenting Women, State Violence and Human Security
Authors: Andalas Mutiara
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the relationship of Aksi Kamisan and human security. It narrates the phenomenon of women participating in Aksi Kamisan who lament silently before the Presidential office. It explores the essential contribution of these women parading in front of the government offices in promoting human security. Women participants of Aksi Kamisan choose lamentation as a persuasive language to deliver messages on the importance of human security. Analyzing their letters sent to the present President and listening to their oral testimonies, I systematize their previously implicit understanding of human security. In the process I expose the underlying theology of the so-called ‘god of security’ by regimes after the reformation era. Finally I reflect on the theme from the historical-feminist-theological perspectives finding deeper meaning in the pursuit of truth and healing in the face of human suffering.
Constraint of Paud Teacher’s Innovativeness
Authors: Suharyati Henny
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this   reasearch is to study the constraint of Paud teacher’s innovativeness by examining the threevariables which will become the strongest aspect to increase Paud teacher’s innovativeness such as organization culture, transformational leadership and job motivation. The survey is conducted by taking sample of 144 teachers who had been graduated from The Teachers Training College by proportional random sampling technique at Paud teachers in Bogor, west Java, Indonesia. The research used a Sequential Explanatory Design Mixed Method. The quantitative research is firstly conducted then followed by the qualitative research to support the research more comprehensively understood.The quantitative research portrays that there is a very significant positive correlation between those three variables strengthening the Paud teacher’s innovativeness. This relationship is also supported by the qualitative research  which organizational culture, transformational leadership and job motivation give higher scores to support Paud teacher’s innovativeness
Using Learning Science, Environment, Technology and Society (SETS) Local Wisdom and based Colloids Teaching Material
Authors: Hairida Hairida
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of learning using SETS and local wisdom based colloids teaching material on 10th-gradesenior high school students. Pretest-posttest control group design was used as the study method. Two classes have participated. XA class was chosen as experiment group which was taught using SETS and local wisdom based colloids teaching material, while on the other hand XB class was chosen as the control group which was taught using conventional colloids teaching material. The study showed that there were significant differences between two treatments given. Entrepreneurial passion and concept understanding of experiment group were better than the control group. Overall, students’ entrepreneurial passion was good. Therefore, learning using SETS and local wisdom based colloids teaching material was effective to improve entrepreneurial passion and concept understanding of students

 
Northern tropics? Seven cases of pyomyositis in northwestern Ontario
Authors: Loewen Kassandra , Kirlew Michael , Benvenuto Paul S , Panu Neety , Panu Anukul , Bocking Natalie , Kelly Len
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVE: To document the incidence and clinical characteristics of (tropical) pyomyositis in a predominantly First Nations population in northwestern Ontario. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective case series conducted over a 38-month period in a population of 29,105 in northwestern Ontario. RESULTS: The authors identified seven cases of pyomyositis and describe demographics, comorbidity, clinical course, and the results of imaging and microbiology investigations. The incidence of pyomyositis in northwestern Ontario is 7.6 cases per 100,000 person-years, a rate that is approximately 15 times higher than the only published incidence rate for a developed country (Australia). CONCLUSION: The rate of pyomyositis is high. It may be mediated by overcrowded housing, inadequate access to clean water, and high background rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection, injection drug use, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in northwestern Ontario: A six-year retrospective study
Authors: Loewen Kassandra , Kelly Len , Olivier Chris , Kirlew Mike , Tobe Sheldon , Saginur Raphael , Schreiber Yoko
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: Recent reports have described a high incidence of acute rheumatic fever in northwestern Ontario. However, the full burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its complications, including acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), in the region is not well understood. OBJECTIVE: To document the pediatric and adult incidence of APSGN in a predominantly First Nations population in northwestern Ontario. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective case series conducted over a six-year period in a population of 29,000 in northwestern Ontario. Adults and children meeting selection criteria for possible, probable, or confirmed APSGN within the study period were included. Outcome measures included patient demographics, comorbidities, investigations, clinical course, and status of renal function at last follow-up. RESULTS: The authors identified 10 pediatric and five adult cases of APSGN. The incidence rate of APSGN for children <15 years of age was 20.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and, for adults, was 4.0 cases per 100,000 person-years. These rates are comparable with those observed in developing countries and more than triple the expected rate in the rest of Canada. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of APSGN in northwestern Ontario exceeds the norm for a developed country. Inadequate, overcrowded housing and limited access to clean water experienced by many remote First Nations communities may drive the high burden of Group A streptococcal infection and its sequelae in this region.
Curricular Renewal at the Southern Tip of Africa: The 2016 Veterinary Curriculum at the University of Pretoria
Authors: Irons Peter C. , Holm Dietmar E. , Annandale C. Henry
Published: September 2017

Four years after the institution of a new curriculum at the University of Pretoria's Faculty of Veterinary Science, a second major curricular renewal was initiated as a result of several pressing drivers, many of which were unique to the national and institutional context. During the project, South African higher education was disrupted by student protests prompted by financial pressures on students, the overt colonial structure of higher education, and the need to accelerate transformation of the sector. A structured curricular renewal process was followed, including the laying down of the principles, the structuring the macro-curriculum as a story, the design of a meso- and micro-curriculum, and the mapping of the curriculum to Day One outcomes. The resulting program is a 6-year bachelor's degree with a blend of discipline and species modules, with the first cohort graduating in 2016. There is a strong focus on skills embodied in a 62-week experiential component, managed using a unique custom-designed online platform for booking placements, documenting exposure, assessing competency, and providing feedback to students. The experiential training includes a large elective component. Several causes of loss of impetus during the process are discussed and proposals are made for avoiding these. The value of accreditation as a driver and a source of inputs is evident. The process has succeeded in producing a significantly reshaped curriculum that has been well received by external stakeholders.
A Novel Approach to Simulation-Based Education for Veterinary Medical Communication Training Over Eight Consecutive Pre-Clinical Quarters
Authors: Englar Ryane E.
Published: September 2017

Experiential learning through the use of standardized patients (SPs) is the primary way by which human medical schools teach clinical communication. The profession of veterinary medicine has followed suit in response to new graduates' and their employers' concerns that veterinary interpersonal skills are weak and unsatisfactory. As a result, standardized clients (SCs) are increasingly relied upon as invaluable teaching tools within veterinary curricula to advance relationship-centered care in the context of a clinical scenario. However, there is little to no uniformity in the approach that various colleges of veterinary medicine take when designing simulation-based education (SBE). A further complication is that programs with pre-conceived curricula must now make room for training in clinical communication. Curricular time constraints challenge veterinary colleges to individually decide how best to utilize SCs in what time is available. Because it is a new program, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine (MWU CVM) has had the flexibility and the freedom to prioritize an innovative approach to SBE. The author discusses the SBE that is currently underway at MWU CVM, which incorporates 27 standardized client encounters over eight consecutive pre-clinical quarters. Prior to entering clinical rotations, MWU CVM students are exposed to a variety of simulation formats, species, clients, settings, presenting complaints, and communication tasks. These represent key learning opportunities for students to practice clinical communication, develop self-awareness, and strategize their approach to future clinical experiences.
Powering up your Grade book: A Spreadsheet Designed to Teach Students Excel© Skills and to Make Assigning Students' Grades Easier
Authors: Hayes David C. , Bee Sarah
Published: September 2017

In a survey by Bain et al. (2002, Table 13), they found that 72% of business professionals recommended teaching spreadsheet applications as part of an AIS course while only 36% of the faculty polled reported using spreadsheets in the AIS course. This gap between what professionals thought should be taught and what professors teach could lead to students beginning the work force with less than desired spreadsheet skills. The purpose of this article is to provides a scenario (teacher's electronic grade book) in which students are taught advanced Excel© skills to better prepare them for future job requirements. An added bonus of this example tutorial to instructors is an efficient, re-usable spreadsheet to make assigning students' grades easier.
A Study of the Oklahoma City Urban Heat Island Effect Using a WRF/Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model, a Joint Urban 2003 Field Campaign, and MODIS Satellite Observations
Authors: Zhang Hengyue , Jin Menglin , Leach Martin
Published: September 2017

The urban heat island effect (UHI) for inner land regions was investigated using satellite data, ground observations, and simulations with an Single-Layer Urban Canopy Parameterization (SLUCP) coupled into the regional Weather Research Forecasting model (WRF, http://wrf-model.org/index.php). Specifically, using the satellite-observed surface skin temperatures (Tskin), the intensity of the UHI was first compared for two inland cities (Xi’an City, China, and Oklahoma City (OKC)), which have different city populations and building densities. The larger population density and larger building density in Xi’an lead to a stronger skin-level UHI by 2 °C. However, the ground observed 2 m surface air temperature (Tair) observations showed an urban cooling island effect (UCI) over the downtown region in OKC during the daytime of 19 July 2003, from a DOE field campaign (Joint Urban 2003). To understand this contrast between satellite-based Tskin and ground-based Tair, a sensitivity study using WRF/SLUCP was analyzed. The model reproduced a UCI in OKC. Furthermore, WRF/Noah/SLUCM simulations were also compared with the Joint Urban 2003 ground observations, including wind speeds, wind directions, and energy fluxes. Although the WRF/SLUCM model failed to simulate these variables accurately, it reproduced the diurnal variations of surface temperatures, wind speeds, wind directions, and energy fluxes reasonably well.
A Methodology of Health Effects Estimation from Air Pollution in Large Asian Cities
Authors: Hirota Keiko , Sakamoto Shogo , Shibuya Satoshi , Kashima Shigeru
Published: September 2017

The increase of health effects caused by air pollution seems to be a growing concern in Asian cities with increasing motorization. This paper discusses methods of estimating the health effects of air pollution in large Asian cities. Due to the absence of statistical data in Asia, this paper carefully chooses the methodology using data of the Japanese compensation system. A basic idea of health effects will be captured from simple indicators, such as population and air quality, in a correlation model. This correlation model enables more estimation results of respiratory mortality caused by air pollution to be yielded than by using the relative model. The correlation model could be an alternative method to estimate mortality besides the relative risk model since the results of the correlation model are comparable with those of the relative model by city and by time series. The classification of respiratory diseases is not known from the statistical yearbooks in many countries. Estimation results could support policy decision-making with respect to public health in a cost-effective way.
The Governance Landscape of Geospatial E-Services—The Belgian Case
Authors: Chantillon Maxim , Crompvoets Joep , Peristeras Vassilios
Published: September 2017

Geospatial data and geospatial e-services require governance and coordination between different governmental organisations. This article aims to understand what governance, and specifically what coordination, is used in Belgium for geospatial e-services and data. The Belgian case, with a focus on the regions and federal administration, is researched by making use of a document analysis, interviews with key stakeholders and an online survey. In contrast to the federal and Walloon administration, the Flemish administration and the Brussels Capital Region administration have a clearly developed governance model. Flanders combines hierarchy with network governance, whereas the Brussels administration is known for its hierarchical way of working. The transposition of the INSPIRE Directive had a strong influence: The Brussels Capital Region became more network-oriented, and the Walloon Region developed a form of network governance. The federal level, however, struggles to make the connection between geospatial data and e-services. From an inter-organisational perspective, the coordination can be labelled as a weak form of network governance: Cooperation exists, but only in a few areas. Nevertheless, geospatial data are exchanged within and between regions and the federal level. Geospatial e-services are also developed but there is a clear influence of the degree of organisational coordination on the development of geospatial e-services.
Le développement durable : vers un nouveau mode de pilotage des politiques territoriales ? Le cas de la métropole Nice Côte d’Azur
Authors: Heurteux Aurélia
Published: September 2017

Depuis quelques années un nouvel argument communicationnel est apparu au sein de la société : celui de développement durable. La métropole Nice Côte d’Azur, première métropole de France a été étudiée. Elle a mis en place un agenda 21 regroupant des projets de développement durable des petites communes. Il convient de s’interroger sur l’élaboration d’outils de pilotage et de montrer le lien entre les communes et la métropole.
Le patrimoine, une mémoire pas comme les autres
Authors: Lazzarotti Olivier
Published: September 2017

La question patrimoniale a été largement et diversement abordée par les géographes au cours des vingt dernières années. Ce texte montre qu’elle n’est que le cas particulier d’une thématique d’ensemble des sciences sociales et humaines, les mémoires. Dès lors, deux questions se posent : qu’est-ce qui fait la singularité de la démarche géographique par rapport aux autres sciences sociales (anthropologie, histoire, philosophie, sociologie, etc.) ? Quelles perspectives interprétatives ouvre une telle entrée géographique ?
Le paysage culturel, entre préservation et développement. Les enjeux institutionnels de la patrimonialisation du paysage de Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Zamant Véronique
Published: September 2017

Une partie de Rio de Janeiro est reconnue en 2012 comme patrimoine mondial de l’Unesco, en tant que paysage culturel. Les résultats d’une ethnographie institutionnelle permettent de saisir les modalités selon lesquelles la dimension patrimoniale d’un paysage peut être mobilisée dans les régimes discursifs des institutions impliquées. Puis, l’analyse de ces énoncés permet d’esquisser les contours de l’imaginaire de ces experts quant à la figure du paysage. L’intérêt porté aux différentes versions de ce « paysage culturel » d’une institution à une autre et aux rapports de force qui leur sont sous-jacents, permet de comprendre quelles sont les diverses acceptions du patrimoine se façonnant sur et par rapport à un territoire en transformation et la plasticité de la notion de patrimoine comme construction sociale circulant à travers différentes aires culturelles.
L’African National Congress ou le difficile exercice du pouvoir
Authors: Magnani Victor
Published: September 2017

L’African National Congress (ANC), qui gouverne l’Afrique du Sud depuis la fin de l’apartheid, est en déclin. Le parti est secoué par des affaires de corruption qui touchent le président Jacob Zuma et a perdu la confiance d’une partie de ses électeurs. Concurrencé sur sa gauche et sa droite, il a été battu aux élections municipales de 2016 dans plusieurs grandes villes. L’avenir de l’ANC se jouera en partie à sa conférence nationale en décembre 2017 où la succession de Zuma doit être réglée.
Les « favoris des sondages »
Authors: Juhem Philippe
Published: September 2017

Les cotes des baromètres mesurant les popularités sont généralement interprétées comme le produit de la notoriété propre de chaque personnalité politique et de sa capacité individuelle à convaincre ou à enrôler les électeurs. L'analyse des évolutions brusques de popularité montre au contraire qu'elles n'adviennent que lors des nominations, démissions, déclarations de candidature, victoires électorales, etc., c'est-à-dire lorsque les personnalités politiques accèdent à des positions nouvelles dans le jeu. Plus largement, c'est l'ensemble de la distribution des popularités qui se révèle structurale ­ dépendante de la hiérarchie des positions ministérielles et partisanes ­ plutôt qu'individuelle ­ reliée à l'équation personnelle de chaque élu.
Topography-Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy in the Treatment of Corneal Scarring
Authors: Sorkin Nir , Einan-Lifshitz Adi , Boutin Tanguy , Showail Mahmood , Borovik Armand , Chan Clara C. , Rootman David S.
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:

To report the outcome of topography-guided photorefractive keratectomy (TG-PRK) in the treatment of patients with corneal scarring.

METHODS:

A retrospective, interventional case series including 6 eyes of 6 patients with corneal scarring and irregular astigmatism who underwent TG-PRK. The etiologies for scarring were: infectious corneal ulcers, foreign body trauma, LASIK flap buttonhole, and lamellar keratoplasties performed to correct corneal perforation secondary to corneal melting. Main outcome measures were corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction, and corneal regularity on topography maps.

RESULTS:

Average age was 56.5 ± 19.6 years and average follow-up time was 14.8 ± 6.1 months. Three patients had corneal scarring with cataract and underwent TG-PRK to achieve sufficient regularization of corneal astigmatism to enable the implantation of a toric intraocular lens (IOL). The three remaining patients had TG-PRK performed to improve visual acuity, and all had improvement in uncorrected (improvement between one and three Snellen lines) and corrected (improvement between two and three Snellen lines) distance visual acuity. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications and no loss of visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS:

The use of TG-PRK for corneal scarring may improve visual acuity in selected cases, obviate the need for keratoplasty in some cases, and facilitate toric IOL implantation in some cases.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):639–644.]
Femtosecond Laser–Assisted Intraocular Lens Fragmentation: Low Energy Transection
Authors: Anisimova Natalia S. , Malyugin Boris E. , Arbisser Lisa B. , Sobolev Nikolay P. , Kirtaev Roman V. , Nazirov Alvi A. , Popov Ilya A.
Published: September 2017

PURPOSE:

To describe a case of femtosecond laser–assisted hydrophobic intraocular lens transection.

METHODS:

Case report.

RESULTS:

Femtosecond laser–assisted transection of a one-piece acrylic hydrophobic intraocular lens for explantation via a small surgical incision was successfully performed with low energy parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

This case illustrates a novel and effective clinical application of the femtosecond laser.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(9):646–648.]
Nurse training in primary care: educational actions with people living with Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Almeida Camila Aparecida Pinheiro Landim , Cruz Jardel Nascimento da , Fernandes Débora Rodrigues , Silva Lauryanna de Queiroz , Lima Carlos Henrique Ribeiro de , Lago Eliana Campêlo
Published: September 2017

Educational actionswith people living with chronic conditions, especially Diabetes mellitus, are a challenge and a necessary strategy in Primary Care, in view of the glycemic balance, the prevention of complications and the improvement of the quality of life. This study aimed to analyze nurse training in educational actions developed in Primary Care with people living with Diabetes mellitus. A qualitative research was conducted with 28 nurses of Primary Care, in Teresina, state of Piauí, Brazil. Data were collected from April to June 2015 through interviews and analyzed by the collective subject discourse technique. The construction of the results was based on four sequential questions made in the interviews, from which emerged 15 central ideas: lectures, group orientation, nursing consultation and home care; theoretical knowledge, practical knowledge, technical knowledge and expertise knowledge; few materials and infrastructure in the basic unit, lack of professional teamwork, reduced workload and little awareness of teachers; and promotion of care and and self-care, family support and prevention of complications. In the analysis of the discourses, it was possible to conclude about the need for Permanent Health Education in Primary Care.
Simulación de la deriva de larvas de langosta en aguas oceánicas adyacentes a la plataforma suroccidental de Cuba: Aplicación del modelo biofísico LADIM
Authors: Martín Heriberto , Betanzos Vega Abel , Simanca Jacqueline , Puga Rafael , Vikebø Frode , Albertsen Jon , Tripp Quezada Arturo
Published: September 2017

La etapa larval pelágica de la langosta común del Caribe Panulirus argus, transcurre durante 6-8 meses en aguas oceánicas alejadas de la plataforma. Predecir el reclutamiento larval e identificar las zonas de arribo y asentamiento, así como evaluar la calidad de sus hábitats naturales de cría, ha sido una necesidad permanente en los estudios y evaluaciones del recurso langosta. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el porcentaje potencial de auto reclutamiento de larvas de langosta a la plataforma suroccidental de Cuba, a partir de su modelación. La simulación, con el modelo numérico LADIM del Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas de Noruega, se inició con partículas liberadas en marzo, mes de máximos de reproducción y desove, completando un ciclo larval de unos 7 meses. Las partículas mostraron movimientos de dispersión, con periodos de retención, en función de los diferentes mecanismos hidrodinámicos, culminando con un 33,8% de larvas auto-reclutadas a la plataforma suroccidental de Cuba. Las zonas de arribo y de mayor densidad de partículas, según modelación, coincidieron con las zonas que por estudios in situ han mostrado mayor asentamiento de puerulus y han sido clasificadas como criaderos naturales de postlarvas y juveniles; esto sugiere que la conectividad hidrodinámica océano-plataforma, influye en el éxito del reclutamiento y distribución de las larvas de langosta, en estadio final, a la plataforma suroccidental de Cuba.
Circulación residual en el fiordo Aysén, Chile, en condiciones de primavera
Authors: Salcedo Castro Julio , Cruz Gómez Raúl , Ratsimandresy Andry W. , Da Silva Natália Pillar
Published: September 2017

Se analizaron las series de tiempo de velocidad de la corriente en un anclaje de 3 correntómetros instalados en la boca del fiordo Aysén, entre octubre y noviembre de 1996, obteniendo la circulación residual y relacionando el flujo superficial con la variación de la salinidad, el viento y el caudal del río Aysén. Se observó que la circulación residual y la salinidad a 6 m, estuvieron determinadas por eventos de fuerte descarga del río y relajamiento del viento local. Periodos de fuerte flujo y un acentuado descenso de salinidad en la boca del fiordo estuvieron precedidos por una disminución del viento y en algunos casos estuvieron acompañados de aumentos en el caudal del río Aysén. Por otra parte, los resultados obtenidos confirman la estructura de 3 capas propuesta para el fiordo Aysén, ya que a 6 y 110 m de profundidad se observaron velocidades promedio de salida, mientras que a 50 m se registraron débiles corrientes con un flujo promedio también de salida y que correspondería a la transición entre una capa intermedia de ingreso hacia el fiordo y la capa profunda de salida.
Las playas arenosas de Quintana Roo, México: La diversidad de su fauna intermareal
Authors: González Alicia , Torruco Daniel , Torruco Ángel D.
Published: September 2017

Se realizó una investigación de campo de las comunidades de playas arenosas en 10 sitios al norte y sur del Estado de Quintana Roo, México, en 2011. Para cada playa se realizaron 3 transectos perpendiculares a la costa con un número vriable de niveles dependiendo de la longitud de la playa. Las pendientes de las playas fueron también variables; sin embargo, como patrón recurrente, la parte sur de cada playa fue más extensa que la parte norte. La fauna mejor representada fue la de los moluscos (18 especies), aunque también se registraron otros grupos como: crustáceos (4), anélidos (4), sipunculidos (1), nemertinos (1), foraminíferos (4) e insectos (1). Los análisis numéricos dividieron el litoral de la costa en sitios de la Rivera Maya que tuvieron mayor riqueza y diversidad de la fauna y en sitios de ubicados en la Gran Costa Maya que fueron los menos diversos. El ensamblaje que formaron los sitios a partir de los grupos principales muestran afinidades entre sitios cercanos, pero también permitió detectar diferencias entre zonas en una misma región. Utilizando un análisis divisivo del contenido de información de segundo orden, para los diferentes grupos, se obtuvo las especies responsables de la mayor caída de información; en los moluscos, fue Terebra tuberculosa, mientras que para los anélidos fue Scoloplos latum y para los foraminiferos Bigenerina angulata. Se propone un estudio a mayor plazo para este ecosistema.
Computable Error Estimates for a Nonsymmetric Eigenvalue Problem
Authors: Xie Hehu , Xie Manting , Yin Xiaobo , Yue Meiling
Published: September 2017

We provide some computable error estimates in solving a nonsymmetric eigenvalue problem by general conforming finite element methods on general meshes. Based on the complementary method, we first give computable error estimates for both the original eigenfunctions and the corresponding adjoint eigenfunctions, and then we introduce a generalised Rayleigh quotient to deduce a computable error estimate for the eigenvalue approximations. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.
Independence between age-related changes in refraction, accommodation and convergence in primary school children
Authors: Nisted Ivan
Published: September 2017

The parameters which describe how refraction, accommodation and convergence develop during childhood are well understood, but the possible interdependencies between these agerelated changes are not known. Hence it is unknown whether refractive development is associated with development of accommodation and convergence. Four-hundred and fifty-two unselected 7-13 year old school children were subjected to autorefraction and unilateral cover test, and measurement of visual acuity, amplitude of accommodation, monocular accommodation facility, near phoria, near point of convergence, and positive and negative fusional vergence using subjective techniques. Linear regression was used to study the correlation of these parameters with age, followed by study of correlations between age-dependent parameters. There was a significant reduction in hyperopia (0.13 D/year, 95% CI [-0.20, -0.06]), a significant increase in the monocular accommodation facility (0:48 cpm/year, 95% CI [0.18, 0.79]), and a non-significant shift towards convergence of the midpoint of the fusional range (0.43 ΔD/year, 95% CI [0.12, 0.74]) with age. Age-dependent variables were not significantly correlated. Autorefraction was not correlated with any other variable. None of the other parameters showed any significant correlations with age. Age-related changes in refraction, monocular accommodation facility and midpoint of fusional range were independent. This indicates that the development of these parameters involves separate processes, and suggests that therapeutic intervention may be performed on these parameters individually without a derived effect on the other age-related parameters.
The Most Preferred and Effective Reviewer of L2 Writing among Automated Grading System, Peer Reviewer and Teacher
Authors: Tsai Min-hsiu
Published: September 2017

Who is the most preferred and deemed the most helpful reviewer in improving student writing? This study exerciseda blended teaching method which consists of three currently prevailing reviewers: the automated grading system(AGS, a web-based method), the peer review (a process-oriented approach), and the teacher grading technique (theproduct-oriented approach) in a Writing (IV) class involving 22 technological sophomore students of ModernLanguages Department. The questionnaire results indicated the participants preferred the teacher as the reviewer totheir peers followed by the automated grading system and considered the teacher the most effective in helping theirwriting. Three L2 teachers including one native speaker of English reviewed an essay which was the only and themost inconsistent case between a human rater and a machine rater in the study (2.3 vs. 3.6). This case surfaced anessential problem that the automated grading system couldn’t detect and correct expressions transferred from L1.Data also revealed that teachers without training, their grammatical error identification rates are respectively 82.9%,31.4% and 74.3%. After training, student reviewers could detect and correct from 70.2 to 79.3 percent of grammarerrors on average.
ACRL Board of Directors’ actions, June 2017: Highlights of the Board’s Annual Conference meetings
Authors: College & Research Libraries Association of
Published: September 2017

During the 2017 ALA Annual Conference in Chicago, the ACRL Board of Directors met on June 24 and June 26. The Board met with the leaders of its four goal-area committees: Value of Academic Libraries, Student Learning and Information Literacy, Research and Scholarly Environment, and New Roles and Changing Landscapes to assess progress on the Plan for Excellence. With feedback from the Board, these committees will finalize their reports and develop their work plans for 2017–18.
Anatomia da madeira de Mimosa Balduinii Burkart
Authors: Machado Paulo Fernando Dos Santos , Marchiori José Newton Cardoso
Published: September 2017

É descrita a estrutura anatômica da madeira de Mimosa balduinii Burkart, com base em material coletado no Rio Grande do Sul. Além de elementos vasculares curtos, placas de perfuração simples, pontoações intervasculares alternas e ornamentadas, parênquima paratraqueal e fibras libriformes, aspectos de ampla ocorrência em lenhos de Fabaceae, o material em estudo apresenta raios largos, em sua mioria tri e tetrasseriados, e com até 70 células de altura, aspecto raro no gênero em estudo, embora observado, igualmente, em Mimosa micropteris, da mesma série Myriophyllae Benth. Ao contrário dessa espécie, entretanto, M. balduinii apresenta raios homogêneos.
Editorial: Too Little, Too Much, Just Right! Articulating Shared Problems in the Practice of Mathematics Teacher Educators
Authors: Crespo Sandra , Martínez José Manuel , Dubbs Christopher , Bieda Kristen
Published: September 2017

In this editorial, we focus on the unsuspecting challenge that many prospective authors encounter when writing manuscripts for this journal–that of clearly situating their manuscript as relevant and connected to a significant and compelling shared problem of the practice of mathematics teacher educators. In our previous editorial (Crespo & Bieda, 2017), we introduced a writing tool that organizes and makes visible all five review criteria for this journal into a writing template (reproduced here in Figure 1). This tool is meant to help prospective authors foreground the criteria as they conceive, outline, draft, review, edit, and revise their manuscripts. As prospective authors have begun to try this tool and share their outlined manuscripts with us, the challenge of articulating a shared problem of practice in MTE manuscripts has become more evident.
Using Simulated Teaching Experiences to Perturb Preservice Teachers' Mathematics Questioning Practices
Authors: Webel Corey , Conner Kimberly Anne
Published: September 2017

In this article, we report on efforts to develop a set of Web-based teaching simulations within the LessonSketch platform to support shifts in how preservice elementary teachers (PSTs) enact and evaluate their questioning practices in response to specific examples of students' mathematical thinking. The simulations included storyboard depictions of classroom situations, along with prompts for the PSTs to first analyze mathematical thinking and then construct, select, and analyze the effects of possible teacher questions. Participants included 54 PSTs across 5 sections of a mathematics content/methods class. Data were analyzed to document how PSTs enacted and reflected on their questioning practices in the context of these LessonSketch simulations. In this article, we focus on 2 storyboard depictions of classroom situations and describe how each appeared to provide different opportunities for PSTs to revise their ideas about questioning.
Giant Plantar Epidermoid Cyst with Invasion of the Interosseous Muscles
Authors: Córdoba-Fernandez Antonio , Lobo-Martín Adrián , Escudero-Severín Carlos , Córdoba-Jiménez Victoria Eugenia
Published: September 2017

Epidermoid cysts of the sole of the foot are rare lesions that must be differentiated from other, more common subcutaneous pathologic abnormalities located on the sole. Cases of epidermoid cysts that extend to the interosseous musculature are rarer still. We report the case of a giant epidermal cyst in a 64-year-old individual that extended to the intrinsic musculature of the third space of the right foot and that was diagnosed after fine-needle aspiration biopsy and subsequent cytologic study. Differential diagnosis of these lesions should be made with the support of additional imaging tests, and diagnostic confirmation should always be obtained after surgical removal and subsequent histopathologic study.
Lightning enhancement over major oceanic shipping lanes
Authors: Thornton Joel A. , Virts Katrina S. , Holzworth Robert H. , Mitchell Todd P.
Published: September 2017

Using 12 years of high‐resolution global lightning stroke data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN), we show that lightning density is enhanced by up to a factor of 2 directly over shipping lanes in the northeastern Indian Ocean and the South China Sea as compared to adjacent areas with similar climatological characteristics. The lightning enhancement is most prominent during the convectively active season, November–April for the Indian Ocean and April–December in the South China Sea, and has been detectable from at least 2005 to the present. We hypothesize that emissions of aerosol particles and precursors by maritime vessel traffic lead to a microphysical enhancement of convection and storm electrification in the region of the shipping lanes. These persistent localized anthropogenic perturbations to otherwise clean regions are a unique opportunity to more thoroughly understand the sensitivity of maritime deep convection and lightning to aerosol particles.
Seasonal and Spatial Dynamics of Gas Ebullition in a Temperate Water‐Storage Reservoir
Authors: Tušer Michal , Picek Tomáš , Sajdlová Zuzana , Jůza Tomáš , Muška Milan , Frouzová Jaroslava
Published: September 2017

Gas ebullition of river impoundments plays an increasingly significant role, particularly in transporting methane CH4 from their sediments to the atmosphere, and contributing to the global carbon budget and global warming. Quantifying stochastic and episodic nature of gas ebullition is complicated especially when conventionally conducted by using coverage‐limited gas traps. Current knowledge of seasonality in a reservoir's gas ebullition is lacking in the literature. For this reason, advanced acoustic surveying was intensively applied to determine spatiotemporal distributions of gas ebullition in a European water‐storage reservoir for two years. Additionally, the sampling was accompanied with gas collecting for analyzing gas composition. The gas released from the reservoir was primarily composed of CH4 (on average 52%, up to 94%). The longitudinal distribution of gas ebullition was mainly determined by a proximity to the river inflow as a source of organic matter. A magnitude of ebullitive fluxes within the reservoir varied up to 1,300 mL m−2 d−1 (30 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1). The most significant period of ebullition has turned out to be in fall, on average reaching a sevenfold ebullitive flux (70 mL m−2 d−1, 1.6 mmol CH4 m−2 d−1) higher than in the rest of the season. A substantial contribution to the fall peak was induced by an expansion of gas ebullition into greater depths, covering two thirds of the reservoir in late fall. The study demonstrates that the ebullitive fluxes of the temperate water storage reservoir were correlated to season, depth, and inflow proximity.
Biomimicry, Biofabrication, and Biohybrid Systems: The Emergence and Evolution of Biological Design
Authors: Raman Ritu , Bashir Rashid
Published: September 2017

The discipline of biological design has a relatively short history, but has undergone very rapid expansion and development over that time. This Progress Report outlines the evolution of this field from biomimicry to biofabrication to biohybrid systems’ design, showcasing how each subfield incorporates bioinspired dynamic adaptation into engineered systems. Ethical implications of biological design are discussed, with an emphasis on establishing responsible practices for engineering non‐natural or hypernatural functional behaviors in biohybrid systems. This report concludes with recommendations for implementing biological design into educational curricula, ensuring effective and responsible practices for the next generation of engineers and scientists.
Unique Role of Refractory Ta Alloying in Enhancing the Figure of Merit of NbFeSb Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: Yu Junjie , Fu Chenguang , Liu Yintu , Xia Kaiyang , Aydemir Umut , Chasapis Thomas C. , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Zhao Xinbing , Zhu Tiejun
Published: September 2017

NbFeSb‐based half‐Heusler alloys have been recently identified as promising high‐temperature thermoelectric materials with a figure of merit zT > 1, but their thermal conductivity is still relatively high. Alloying Ta at the Nb site would be highly desirable because the large mass fluctuation between them could effectively scatter phonons and reduce the lattice thermal conductivity. However, practically it is a great challenge due to the high melting point of refractory Ta. Here, the successful synthesis of Ta‐alloyed (Nb1−xTax)0.8Ti0.2FeSb (x = 0 – 0.4) solid solutions with significantly reduced thermal conductivity by levitation melting is reported. Because of the similar atomic sizes and chemistry of Nb and Ta, the solid solutions exhibit almost unaltered electrical properties. As a result, an overall zT enhancement from 300 to 1200 K is realized in the single‐phase Ta‐alloyed solid solutions, and the compounds with x = 0.36 and 0.4 reach a maximum zT of 1.6 at 1200 K. This work also highlights that the isoelectronic substitution by atoms with similar size and chemical nature but large mass difference should reduce the lattice thermal conductivity but maintain good electrical properties in thermoelectric materials, which can be a guide for optimizing the figure of merit by alloying.
Bioactive Macrocyclic Inhibitors of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 Immune Checkpoint
Authors: Magiera‐Mularz Katarzyna , Skalniak Lukasz , Zak Krzysztof M. , Musielak Bogdan , Rudzinska‐Szostak Ewa , Berlicki Łukasz , Kocik Justyna , Grudnik Przemyslaw , Sala Dominik , Zarganes‐Tzitzikas Tryfon , Shaabani Shabnam , Dömling Alexander , Dubin Grzegorz , Holak Tad A.
Published: September 2017

Blockade of the immunoinhibitory PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway using monoclonal antibodies has shown impressive results with durable clinical antitumor responses. Anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 antibodies have now been approved for the treatment of a number of tumor types, whereas the development of small molecules targeting immune checkpoints lags far behind. We characterized two classes of macrocyclic‐peptide inhibitors directed at the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway. We show that these macrocyclic compounds act by directly binding to PD‐L1 and that they are capable of antagonizing PD‐L1 signaling and, similarly to antibodies, can restore the function of T‐cells. We also provide the crystal structures of two of these small‐molecule inhibitors bound to PD‐L1. The structures provide a rationale for the checkpoint inhibition by these small molecules, and a description of their small molecule/PD‐L1 interfaces provides a blueprint for the design of small‐molecule inhibitors of the PD‐1/PD‐L1 pathway.
Formation of Methane versus Benzene in the Reactions of (C5Me5)2Th(CH3)2 with [CH3PPh3]X (X=Cl, Br, I) Yielding Thorium‐Carbene or Thorium‐Ylide Complexes
Authors: Rungthanaphatsophon Pokpong , Bathelier Adrien , Castro Ludovic , Behrle Andrew C. , Barnes Charles L. , Maron Laurent , Walensky Justin R.
Published: September 2017

The reaction of (C5Me5)2Th(CH3)2 with the phosphonium salts [CH3PPh3]X (X=Cl, Br, I) was investigated. When X=Br and I, two equivalents of methane are liberated to afford (C5Me5)2Th[CHPPh3]X, rare terminal phosphorano‐stabilized carbenes with thorium. These complexes feature the shortest thorium–carbon bonds (≈2.30 Å) reported to date, and electronic structure calculations show some degree of multiple bonding. However, when X=Cl, only one equivalent of methane is lost with concomitant formation of benzene from an unstable phosphorus(V) intermediate, yielding (C5Me5)2Th[κ2‐(C,C′)‐(CH2)(CH2)PPh2]Cl. Density functional theory (DFT) investigations of the reaction energy profiles for [CH3PPh3]X, X=Cl and I showed that in the case of iodide, thermodynamics prevents the production of benzene and favors formation of the carbene.
In Vivo X‐ray Imaging of Transport of Renal Clearable Gold Nanoparticles in the Kidneys
Authors: Xu Jing , Yu Mengxiao , Carter Phoebe , Hernandez Elizabeth , Dang Andrew , Kapur Payal , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Zheng Jie
Published: September 2017

With more and more engineered nanoparticles (NPs) being designed renal clearable for clinical translation, fundamental understanding of their transport in the different compartments of kidneys becomes increasingly important. Here, we report noninvasive X‐ray imaging of renal clearable gold NPs (AuNPs) in normal and nephropathic kidneys. By quantifying the transport kinetics of the AuNPs in cortex, medulla and pelvis of the normal and injured kidneys, we found that ureteral obstruction not just blocked the NP elimination through the ureter but also slowed down their transport from the medulla to pelvis and enhanced the cellular uptake. Moreover, the transport kinetics of the NPs and renal anatomic details can be precisely correlated with local pathological lesion. These findings not only advance our understandings of the nano‐bio interactions in kidneys but also offer a new pathway to noninvasively image kidney dysfunction and local injuries at the anatomical level.
Investigation of polybenzoxazine gelation using laser light scattering
Authors: Li Hui , Gu Senlong , Thomas Shantel , Liu Tianbo , Jana Sadhan C.
Published: September 2017

The mechanism of phase growth and gelation due to polymerization of benzoxazine into polybenzoxazine (PBZ) in dimethylsulfoxide and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone was monitored using laser light scattering. The radius of gyration (Rg) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) increased gradually with time, confirming nucleation and growth as the mechanism of polymerization‐induced phase separation of PBZ in both the solvents. The experimental data inferred from laser light scattering and scanning electron microscopy established that the PBZ gel networks were formed by spherical building blocks in dimethylsulfoxide and by cylindrical strands in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. In the latter case, the cylindrical strands originated from joining of several spheres. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45709.
Current Advances in Quantum‐Dots‐Based Photoelectrochemical Immunoassays
Authors: Shu Jian , Tang Dianping
Published: September 2017

As a newly developed technique, photoelectrochemical (PEC) immunoassays have attracted great attention in recent years because of their low cost and desirable sensitivity. Because the detection signal originates from the photoelectric conversion of photoelectric materials, the appearance and application of quantum dots (QDs), which possess unique photophysical properties and regulated optoelectronic characteristics, has taken the development of PEC immunoassays to new heights. This review concisely introduces the general mechanism of QDs‐based photoelectric conversion for immunoassays and summarizes the current advances in QD applications in immunoassays. Given that signal strategies and photoactive materials are the key elements in PEC biosensor systems, we comprehensively highlight the state‐of‐the‐art signaling strategies and various applications of QDs in PEC immunoassays to introduce advances in QDs‐based PEC immunoassays. Finally, challenges and future developmental trends are briefly discussed