bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tidal mixing of estuarine and coastal waters in the western English Channel is a control on spatial and temporal variability in seawater CO2
Authors: Sims Richard P. , Bedington Michael , Schuster Ute , Watson Andrew J. , Kitidis Vassilis , Torres Ricardo , Findlay Helen S. , Fishwick James R. , Brown Ian , Bell Thomas G.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Surface ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements are used to compute the oceanic air–sea CO2 flux. The CO2 flux component
from rivers and estuaries is uncertain due to the high spatial and seasonal heterogeneity of CO2 in coastal waters. Existing high-quality
CO2 instrumentation predominantly utilises showerhead and percolating style equilibrators optimised for open-ocean observations. The intervals between measurements made with such instrumentation make it difficult to resolve the fine-scale spatial variability of surface water
CO2 at timescales relevant to the high frequency variability in estuarine and coastal environments. Here we present a novel dataset with
unprecedented frequency and spatial resolution transects made at the Western Channel Observatory in the south-west of the UK from June to September
2016, using a fast-response seawater CO2 system. Novel observations were made along the estuarine–coastal continuum at different stages of
the tide and reveal distinct spatial patterns in the surface water CO2 fugacity (fCO2) at different stages of the tidal
cycle. Changes in salinity and fCO2 were closely correlated at all stages of the tidal cycle and suggest that the mixing of oceanic
and riverine endmembers partially determines the variations in fCO2. The correlation between salinity and fCO2
was different in Cawsand Bay, which could be due to enhanced gas exchange or to enhanced biological activity in the region. The observations
demonstrate the complex dynamics determining spatial and temporal patterns of salinity and fCO2 in the region. Spatial variations
in observed surface salinity were used to validate the output of a regional high-resolution hydrodynamic model. The model enables a novel estimate
of the air–sea CO2 flux in the estuarine–coastal zone. Air–sea CO2 flux variability in the estuarine–coastal boundary region is
influenced by the state of the tide because of strong CO2 outgassing from the river plume. The observations and model output demonstrate
that undersampling the complex tidal and mixing processes characteristic of estuarine and coastal environment biases quantification of air–sea
CO2 fluxes in coastal waters. The results provide a mechanism to support critical national and regional policy implementation by reducing
uncertainty in carbon budgets.
The ST22 chronology for the Skytrain Ice Rise ice core – part 1: A stratigraphic chronology of the last 2000 years
Authors: Hoffmann Helene M. , Grieman Mackenzie M. , King Amy C. F. , Epifanio Jenna A. , Martin Kaden , Vladimirova Diana , Pryer Helena , Doyle Emily , Schmidt Axel , Humby Jack D. , Rowell Isobel F. , Nehrbass-Ahles Christoph , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Mulvaney Robert , Wolff Eric W.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A new ice core was drilled in West Antarctica on Skytrain Ice Rise in field season 2018 / 2019. This 651 m ice core is one of the main targets of the WACSWAIN (WArm Climate Stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet in the last INterglacial) project. A present-day accumulation rate of 13.5 cm w.e./year was derived. Although the project mainly aims to investigate the last interglacial (115–130 ka BP), a robust chronology period covering the recent past is needed to constrain the age models for the deepest ice. Additionally, this time period is important for understanding current climatic changes in theWest Antarctic region. Here, we present a stratigraphic chronology for the top 184.14 m of the Skytrain ice core covering the last 2000 years based on absolute age tie points interpolated using annual layer counting encompassing the last 2000 years of climate history. Together with a model-based depth-age relationship of the deeper part of the ice core, this will form the ST22 chronology. The chemical composition, dust content, liquid conductivity, water isotope concentration and methane content of the whole core was analysed via continuous flow analysis (CFA) at the British Antarctic Survey. Annual layer counting was performed by manual counting of seasonal variations in mainly the sodium and calcium records. This counted chronology was informed and anchored by absolute age tie points, namely, the tritium peak (1965 CE) and six volcanic eruptions. Methane concentration variations were used to further constrain the counting error. A minimal error of ± 1 year at the tie points was derived, accumulating to ± 5–10 % of the age in the unconstrained sections between tie points. This level of accuracy enables data interpretation on at least decadal timescales and provides a solid base for the dating of deeper ice, which is the second part of the chronology.
The role of Edge-Driven Convection in the generation of volcanism – part 2: Interactions between Edge-Driven Convection and thermal plumes, application to the Eastern Atlantic
Authors: Manjón-Cabeza Córdoba Antonio , Ballmer Maxim D.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. In the eastern Atlantic Ocean, several volcanic archipelagos are located close to the margin of the African continent. This configuration has inspired previous studies to suggest an important role of edge-driven convection (EDC) in the generation of intraplate magmatism. In a companion paper (Manjóon-Cabeza Córdoba and Ballmer, 2021: The role of Edge-Driven Convection in the generation of intraplate volcanism – part 1: a 2D systematic study, doi:10.5194/se-12-613-2021), we showed that EDC alone is insufficient to sustain magmatism of the magnitude required to match the volume of these islands. However, we also found that EDC readily develops near a step of lithospheric thickness, such as the oceanic-continental transition ("edge") along the western African cratonic margin. In this work, we carry out 3D numerical models of mantle flow and melting to explore the possible interactions between EDC and mantle plumes. We find that the stem of a plume that rises close to a lithospheric edge is significantly deflected ocean-ward (i.e., away from the edge). The pancake of ponding hot material at the base of the lithosphere is also deflected by the EDC convection cell (either away or towards the edge). The amount of magmatism and plume deflection depends on the initial geometric configuration, i.e., the distance of the plume from the edge. Plume buoyancy flux and temperature also control the amount of magmatism, and influence the style and extent of plume-EDC interaction. Finally, comparison of model predictions with observations reveals that the Canary plume may be significantly affected and deflected by EDC, accounting for widespread and coeval volcanic activity. Our work shows that many of the peculiar characteristics of eastern Atlantic volcanism are compatible with mantle-plume theory once the effects of EDC on plume flow are considered.
Analysing the PMIP4-CMIP6 collection: a workflow and tool (pmip_p2fvar_analyzer v1)
Authors: Zhao Anni , Brierley Chris M. , Jiang Zhiyi , Eyles Rachel , Oyarzún Damián , Gomez-Dans Jose
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Experiment outputs are now available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project's sixth phase (CMIP6) and the past climate experiments defined in the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project's fourth phase (PMIP4). All of this output is freely available from the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF). Yet there is overhead in analysing this resource that may prove complicated or prohibitive. Here we document the steps taken by ourselves to produce ensemble analyses covering past and future simulations. We outline the strategy used to curate, adjust the monthly calendar aggregation and process the information downloaded from the ESGF. The results of these steps were used to perform analysis for several of the initial publications arising from PMIP4. We provide post-processed fields for each simulation, such as climatologies and common measures of variability. Example scripts used to visualise and analyse these fields are provided for several important case studies.
Downscaling Atmospheric Chemistry Simulations with Physically Consistent Deep Learning
Authors: Geiss Andrew , Silva Sam , Hardin Joseph
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Recent advances in deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based super resolution can be used to downscale atmospheric chemistry simulations with substantially higher accuracy than conventional downscaling methods. This work both demonstrates the downscaling capabilities of modern CNN-based single image super resolution and video super resolution schemes and develops modifications to these schemes to ensure they are appropriate for use with physical science data. The CNN-based video super resolution schemes in particular incur only 39 % to 54 % of the grid-cell-level error of interpolation schemes and generate outputs with extremely realistic small-scale variability based on multiple perceptual quality metrics while performing a large (8 x 10) increase in resolution in the spatial dimensions. Methods are introduced to strictly enforce physical conservation laws within CNNs, perform large and asymmetric resolution changes between common model grid resolutions, account for non-uniform grid cell areas, super resolve log-normally distributed datasets, and leverage additional inputs such as high-resolution climatologies and model state variables. High-resolution chemistry simulations are critical for modeling regional air quality and for understanding future climate, and CNN-based downscaling has the potential to generate these high resolution simulations and ensembles at a fraction of the computational cost.
The contribution of Humboldt Glacier, North Greenland, to sea-level rise through 2100 constrained by recent observations of speedup and retreat
Authors: Hillebrand Trevor R. , Hoffman Matthew J. , Perego Mauro , Price Stephen F. , Howat Ian M.
Published: March 2022

Abstract. Humboldt Glacier, North Greenland, has retreated and accelerated through the 21st century, raising concerns that it could be a significant contributor to future sea-level rise. We use a data-constrained ensemble of three-dimensional higher-order ice sheet model simulations to estimate the likely range of sea-level rise from the continued retreat of Humboldt Glacier. We first solve for basal traction using observed ice thickness, bed topography, and ice surface velocity from the year 2007 in a partial differential equation constrained optimization. Next, we impose calving rates to match mean observed 2007–2017 retreat rates in a transient calibration of the exponent in the power-law basal friction relationship. We find that power law exponents in the range of 1/7–1/5 — rather than the commonly used 1/3–1 — are necessary to reproduce the observed speedup over this period. We then tune an iceberg calving parameterization based on the von Mises stress yield criterion in another transient calibration step from 2007–2017 to approximate both observed ice velocities and terminus position in 2017. Finally, we use the range of basal friction relationship exponents and calving parameter values to generate the ensemble of model simulations from 2007–2100 under three climate forcing scenarios from CMIP5 (two RCP 8.5 forcings) and CMIP6 (one SSP5-8.5 forcing). Our simulations predict 5.5–9.2 mm of sea-level rise from Humboldt Glacier, significantly higher than a previous estimate (~3.5 mm) and equivalent to a substantial fraction of the 40–140 mm predicted by ISMIP6 from the whole Greenland Ice Sheet. Our larger future sea-level rise prediction results from the transient calibration of our basal friction law to match the observed 2007–2017 speedup, which requires a semi-plastic bed rheology. In many simulations, our model predicts the growth of a sizable ice shelf in the middle of the 21st century. Thus, atmospheric warming could lead to more retreat than predicted here if increased surface melt promotes hydrofracture of the ice shelf. Our data-constrained simulations of Humboldt Glacier underscore the sensitivity of model predictions of Greenland outlet glacier response to warming to choices of basal shear stress and iceberg calving parameterizations. Further, transient calibration of these parameterizations, which has not typically been performed, is necessary to reproduce observed behavior. Current estimates of future sea-level rise from the Greenland Ice Sheet could, therefore, contain significant biases.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KINERJA BIDAN DALAM PELAYANAN PEMERIKSAAN IBU HAMIL (K4) DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BANJARAN KABUPATEN MAJALENGKA TAHUN 2015
Authors: Yuwansyah Yeti
Published: March 2022

Cakupan pemeriksaan kehamilan (K4) di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banjaran baru mencapai sebesar 74,11%, masih di bawah target ditetapkan 95%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kinerja bidan dalam pelayanan pemeriksaan ibu hamil di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Banjaran Kabupaten Majalengka Tahun 2015.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Variabel dalam penelitian ini yaitu variabel independen (umur, pendidikan dan masa kerja) dan variabel dependen (kepatuhan bidan).Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh bidan yang tercatat di wilayah kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banjaran periode bulan Februari sampai dengan maret 2015 dengan menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu total sampling.Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket dan data dokumentasi berupa kinerja bidan dalam kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan (K4).Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan chi square.Hasil analisis data diperoleh keseimpulan yaitu kurang dari setengahnya (44%) bidan dengan kinerja kurang baik dalam kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan (K4), kurang dari setengahnya (40%) bidan dengan usia dewasa awal, lebih dari setengahnya (60%) bidan dengan masa kerja baru, lebih dari setengahnya (60%) bidan dengan motivasi kerja kurang, ada hubungan antara umur, masa kerja dan motivasi dengan kinerja bidan dalam kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan (K4) di Wilayah Kerja UPTD Puskesmas Banjaran tahun 2015, value<0,05.Saran-saran yaitu bidan terus meningkatkan kinerjanya dalam kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan, bagi bidan dengan umur dewasa awal hendaknya dapat menjalin kerjasama dengan bidan senior sehingga dapat lebih memahami lagi tentang tugas dan fungsi pokok bidan, bidan senior diharapkan dapat membina bidan-bidan pemula sehingga kinerja bidan pemula dapat meningkat.
Homelessness within the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Nova Scotian Communities
Authors: Doll Kaitrin , Karabanow Jeff , Hughes Jean , Leviten-Reid Catherine , Wu Haorui
Published: March 2022

Expanding the emergent literature on homelessness and the COVID-19 pandemic, this qualitative study presents a portrait of the homelessness sector in two Nova Scotian, Canadian communities: Halifax Regional Municipality and Cape Breton Regional Municipality. This research provides an understanding of the health and wellness of populations experiencing homelessness during the first waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, the processes involved in supporting populations experiencing homelessness during the pandemic, and determining what has worked, what has not, and required changes. The data will inform relevant emergency crises and disaster relief responses for those experiencing homelessness and those who are marginalized, vulnerable, and living on the fringes of society. What follows are the core themes, and lessons learned, along with recommendations that capture the narratives from a group of individuals experiencing homelessness throughout the pandemic and those tasked with developing, supporting, innovating, and funding the disaster responses in two Nova Scotian communities.
¿Normas poco exigentes? Los niveles de exigencia normativa de las leyes contra la violencia política en razón de género en América Latina
Authors: Freidenberg Flavia , Gilas Karolina Mónika
Published: March 2022

Las democracias paritarias requieren que las mujeres puedan ejercer la política sin violencias. En esta línea, este trabajo analiza y compara la manera en que los Estados latinoamericanos han regulado la violencia política en razón de género. A partir de la aplicación del Índice de Exigencia Normativa (IEN) (Freidenberg y Gilas, 2020) a las legislaciones de diez países de América Latina se mide, a través de diferentes dimensiones (tipificación, coordinación, protección, sanción y reparación) el alcance de las normas y las compara entre sí. Los resultados de la investigación muestran las diferencias entre los sistemas políticos de la región, teniendo unas legislaciones exigentes (México), otros menos (Ecuador, Panamá) mientras la mayoría aún cuenta con regulaciones débiles (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, El Salvador, Perú, Paraguay, Uruguay), lo que llama la atención sobre la necesidad de impulsar reformas de los marcos institucionales para garantizar la protección de los derechos políticos-electorales de las mujeres.
THE EFFECT OF ANTI-TRANSPIRATION ON GRAIN YIELD, YIELD COMPONENT AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF CORN UNDER WATER STRESS
Authors: Abdulameer O. Q. , Ahmed S. A.
Published: March 2022

field experiment was carried out to study The Effect of anti-transpiration on yield and its component of corn crop under water stress conditions during the two fall seasons of 2016 and 2017. used randomized complete block design (RCBD) and the split plot arrangement. The study consisted of three levels of water stress when depleting 50, 60 and 70% of the available water symbolized by I1, I2 and I3 which is equivalent to 580, 420 and 340 mm season-1 respectively, and occupies the main factor, while anti-transpiration, which included leaf sil silica at 15 ml-1 and Kaolin clay at 200 mg g-1, Salicylic acid with a level of 200 mg L -1 and Vapor Gard at 15 mL L-1, as well as the measurement treatment (without spraying) and symbolized S0, S1, S2, S3 and S4 respectively were in sub plots. In order to know the role of antiperspirants in improving grain yield and its components and water efficiency of maize crop under conditions of water stress. The results showed no significant differences between the irrigation treatment after depletion of 50% of available water and the irrigation treatment after depletion of 60% of available water in terms of grain yield and its components, its indicating the possibility of providing water quantity as mean for two seasons up to 1200-1409 m3 h- 1. 60% irrigation treatment gave the best water use efficiency (1.42 and 1.34 kg grain m-3 water) at the two seasons respectively compared with 50% of available water treatment which gave (1.06 and 1.05 kg grain m-3 water) at the two seasons respectively. however watering with depleting 70% of available water reduced the grain yield with an average 34.43 % Compared with irrigation treatment with depletion 50% available water. Spray anti-transpiration led to increasing the yield of maize grain, spray Salicylic acid gave the highest means in length ears, weight of 500 grain and grain yield increased (13.81and 13.43%), (8.30 and 8.03%) and (14.15 and 13.70%) for both seasons compared with the treatment without spraying.. The results showed no significant differences between salicylic acid and kaolin clay in most studied. The spray of wax has a significant impact in many of the qualities, including increasing the number of grains in ear by 12.10 and 7.30% , the weight of 500 grain by 6.01 and 5.79% and grain yield by 7.88 and 5.99% for two seasons sequentially compared with the treatment without spraying.The interaction between the irrigation and anti- transpiration significant effect in the studied traits of the plant except the the length of ear, the number of rows and water use efficiency. Therefore, in the case of limited water recommend the possibility of irrigation after depletion of 60% of the available water, which is 420 mm, and the possibility of spraying anti-transpiration its role in reducing the negative effects of water stress in the grain yield of corn plants*Part of Ph.D. Dissertation of the first author.
Economic analysis of the impact of cultivated potato cultivars on the productivity of the spring season 2018 (Ameriyat al-Fallujah district is an applied model)
Authors: Alzobaee Mustafa Maged Soleman , Aldulaimi Mishal Abid khalaf
Published: March 2022

The importance of the research is highlighted by the economic importance of the potato crop as it is cultivated with two lugs a year, In addition to its nutritional importance. Despite the expansion of potato cultivation in Ameriyat al-Fallujah district, potato production is still below the level that meets local demand. Lack of knowledge of varieties suitable for environmental conditions may be one of the factors contributing to the low yields of the crop. The aim of this study was to estimate the production functions as one of the factors affecting potato production determine the production elasticities and the effect of the cultivated variety on the technological and other factors in the estimated function. The study was based on a random sample of 183 potato farms in the study area for the spring season 2018. Using SPSS and EVIEWS9, The results showed that the Safrana variety had a positive effect on the estimated function while the Sanjari variety had a negative effect. Production elasticities indicated that the automated component is less influential on potato production than the manual component Which had the strongest effect among the elements of production and from it we deduce the small areas planted with the crop the prevalence of the use of traditional handicrafts in the cultivation and service of the crop. Therefore, the researcher recommends the cultivation of varieties of seeds with high productivity and good economic yield such as (Safrana) the expansion of potato crop cultivation and the use of production elements as recommended by the competent authorities.
Effect of aspartic and glutamic acids spraying on growth and yield of chili pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Al-Zyadi Qasim Ajel
Published: March 2022

The experiment was conducted in fields of College of Agriculture, University of Al-Muthanna, during the agricultural season 2021, to study the effect of spraying three concentrations of aspartic acid (0, 75 and 150 mg.L-1) and three concentrations of glutamic acid (0, 75 and 150 mg.L-1) on growth and yield of capsicum (chili pepper) plant (Capsicum annuum L.). The experiment was carried out within the factorial trial system according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, the mean were compared by using L.S.D. at levels of singnificance. Results of the study showed that the capsicum plants that have been sprayed with aspartic acid at a concentration (150 mg.L-1) significantly superior in plant height, number of main branches , number of leaves , number of fruits and fruits yield (49.62 cm, 4.0 branch.plant-1, 143.5 leaf.plant-1 , 11.10 fruit.plant-1 and 0.330 Kg.plant-1) respectively . Results also showed the significant effect of glutamic acid spraying at a concentration (150 mg .L-1), which gave highest rates in plant height, number of main branches , number of leaves , number of fruits and fruits yield (53.21 cm, 4.22 branch.plant-1, 136.5 leaf.plant-1 , 11.4 fruit.plant-1 and 0.316 Kg.plant-1) respectively .
Role of Leaching requirement and tillage depth in reducing the irrigation water salinity effect and improvement some of soil properties on wheat plant growth (Triticum aestivum L.) i-Some physical properties of soil and total grain product
Authors: AbdulWahed Hussain F. , Yassen Mohammed M.
Published: March 2022

Field experiment was conduction in agriculture college researches station/ Basrah university on silty clay soil for planting of wheat crop(Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment was included, effect of irrigation water salinity levels(2,4 and 8)dS m-1, leaching requirement(0,10,20 and 30)% and tillage depth(0-25) and(0-50)cm. and their interaction on bulk density,total porosity and soil moisture to both depth of sample collection(0-15) and(15-30)cm. also total grain product.Result showed,irrigation water salinity 2 dS m-1 caused stitical decrease for bulk density comparision with treatments 4 and 8 dS m-1, 0,10% leaching requirement comparision with another ratio and tillage depth (0-50)cm. comparision with (0-25)cm. However, moisture content of the soil,the salinity of irrigation water 8 dS m-1 gave the highest values compared to other salinity levels and 30 % leaching requirement compared to other ratios, and the tillage depth was 0-50 cm. the total porosity of the soil and the leaching requirement 0% compared to the other ratios, and the tillage depth 0-50 cm compared to the 0-25 cm. while the salinity of irrigation water 2 dS m-1 , the leaching requirement 20% and tillage depth 0-50cm were statical increased in the total grain product.
Identification Of F1 Hybrids From Crosses Of Citrus Rootstocks Tolerant To Shilling Stress Using Molecular Markers SSR
Authors: Hasan Venus Ebrahem , Khojah Hasan Yosef , Elkhateeb Ali Essa
Published: March 2022

The study was carried out at the Agricultural Scientific Research Center in Lattakia, Syria, during (2018-2019) and (2019-2020), after obtaining F1 seedlings resulting from different crosses between the following citrus rootstocks: sour orange., Cleopatra mandarin. and the trifoliate orange. The individuals were selected according to the characteristic of the formal leaf, and then selected individuals were subjected to shilling stress, that is one of the determinants of citrus cultivation in Syria by placing the one-year-old individuals in controlled freezers.The results shows that the percentage of damage in the leaves of the tri-leaf orange hybrids did not exceed 32%, while Cleopatra tangerine hybrid it ranged between 0% and 58%, and in the sour orange hybrids between 6% and 16%. Within 24 hours of applying stress and 11 individuals were selected from the F1 tolerant to the stress of cold shilling (10-)°C and (0)°C for 24 hours, the hybrids continued to grow normally the following spring, Since the citrus seeds are polyembryonic and give nucellular embryos; its genotype similar to the seed parent, the objective of moleculare markers SSR is identification tolerant hybrids. Whereas,. as a result, four primeres were able to effectively identify hybrids, that showing difference with seed parent; and all the individuals were hybrids. Corresponding author: E-mail(venushasan80@gmail.com) Al-Muthanna University All rights reserved
Effect of Partitioning of Phosphorus Fertilizer on Yield and its components of Sun Flower Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Al-Refai Shaimaa Ibraheem , Shaker Dhafer Abdulrheem
Published: March 2022

A field experiment was conducted in agricultural second research station affiliated to Agriculture college/ Al- Muthana University, in the Al-Bandar village southwestern province of Al-Muthana (800 m away from the city of Samawa/ Al-Muthana province) during the spring season 2017 in order to study the effect of fragmentation of phosphate fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of two genotypes of Luleo and Turki. A global experiment was applied according to the design of the complete random sectors R.C.B.D with two factors and three replicates, The first factor was applied to six levels of phosphate fertilizer P0 = non-fertilizer comparison, P1 = whole soil pre-planting recommendation, P2 = 75% of the ground recommendation + 2500 mg. L-1 foliar, P3 = Add 50% of the ground recommendation + 5000 mg. L-1 foliar, P4 = Add 25% of the ground recommendation + 7500 mg L-1 foliar, P5 = Add 0% of the ground recommendation + 10000 mg. L-1 foliar and the second factor are two genotypes Luleo and Turki. The effect of fragmentation of phosphate fertilizers and genotypes has been studie and its interference with some traits of growth and yield and its components. The results showed that the superiority of the treatment of fragmentation P4 superior in most of the studied traits as their plants achieved the highest results for the qualities of plant height, leaves size index, stem diameter, head diameter, total seed yield (ton. h -1) and oil yield (ton. h -1), The Luleo genotype showed superiority in most traits (plant height, leaves size index, stem diameter, head diameter, number of seeds, weight 1000 seed, the total yield, the Vital yield, the total oil yield, while the composition Turki in qualities oil ratio, The correlation between the two study factors was significant in most studied traits. The combination of P4 X (Luleo genotype) gave significant superiority in most traits (Plant height, leave area index, head diameter, number of seeds, the total yield and yield oil).
Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Parkinson's Disease: an Analysis of the Potential Correlation
Authors: Sreepad Bhavana , Khan Maliha , Shtutin Rochelle , Piedrafita-Ortiz Sofia , Govindaraman Tejaswini , Ramachandran Neha , McMillion Danielle , Samimi Ariana , Sandoval Diego
Published: March 2022

Research findings on the correlation between Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)  and the onset of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are inconclusive. With PD affecting thousands of individuals, it is imperative to determine a potential causal link.  The purpose of this literature review is to under-stand the validity and extent of the relationship between TBI and PD by examining population demographics, biological, sociological, and cognitive factors, as well as therapeutic treatments.  Previous research has found that the incidence of TBI can occur during the prodromal period of PD, which is theperiod when symptoms of the disease begin to show, though the directionality of the correlation between TBI and the onset of PD requires a more in-depth investigation. Other findings include the over accumulation of alpha-synuclein in the substantia nigra—a protein that regulates vesicle trafficking—which is prominent in both patients with TBI and those with PD. The presence of Tyrosine Hydroxylase from TBI has also been proven to contribute to the decrease in dopamine seen in PD. Hippocampal damage is present in patients who experience either PD or TBI, which leads to cognitive decline. These findings indicate a positive correlation between TBI and the subsequent onset of PD, and confirm the need for additional research to develop new therapies for PD.
SYSTEMS FOR INVARIANT TARGET RECOGNITION BASEDON CENTRAL IMAGE CHORD TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Agency for Military Science and Memory, Republic of Moldova, Perju Veaceslav
Published: March 2022

Target recognition (TR) is widely used in different military and civil applications and permits enhanced intelligence and autonomously operating platforms design. The article describes existing systems for TR such as deep learning aided computer vision; target tracking architecture, based on the tracking-by-detection paradigm; a target detection dataset; deep neural networks; a system for the management of a plurality of sensors; a target recognition architecture, adaptive to operational conditions and a target detection system, based on the theory of multi-temporal recognition. Unfortunately, the existing systems do not orient for real-time processing or can be applied for synthetic aperture radar images only, or used for image processing of soft targets, etc. This article presents the data regarding proposed new systems for targets recognition and determination of their parameters, based on central image chord transformation. The systems’ main processing units are described. The structures of the elaborated systems and the principles of their functioning are presented. The models of data processing flow in the systems are described. The determination of the processing time of the operations, realized in the systems was made and the estimation of the throughput of the systems was done. The optimization of the elaborated systems was made. The results regarding systems’ characteristics are presented.
POSSIBILITY AND NECESSITY OF TARTARIC ACID PRODUCTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors:   Technical University of Moldova, Resitca Vladislav , Balanuta Anatol ,   Technical University of Moldova, Scutaru Iurie ,   Technical University of Moldova, Covaci Ecaterina ,   Technical University of Moldova, Sclifos Aliona ,   Technical University of Moldova, Patras Antoanela ,   ”Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, Romania, Borta Ana-Maria ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2022

The wine industry has been and remains a source of natural- tartaric acid. The tartaric acid can be obtained from such wastes as grape marcs, yeast, vinasse and wine stone. But the use of these wastes was limited in the Republic of Moldova by the production of tartaric acid lime (calcium tartrate) and wine stone, which were shipped to Ukraine and Armenia where the finished product is obtained. Currently, tartaric acid is used in considerable quantities in the winemaking and food industry, being a quite expensive imported product. The Department of Oenology and Chemistry has developed a complete technological scheme for the use of wine wastes to obtain the finished product – tartaric acid. The realization of the proposed tartaric acid production in the Republic of Moldova is important for the country’s economy and it does not require large investments. Wineries can also help to organize tartaric acid production by providing calcium tartrate, wine stone, pressed or dried yeast, and other ingredients.
ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF SEA BUCKTHORN GROWNIN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Authors: Sandulachi Elisaveta , Macari Artur ,   Technical University of Moldova, Cojocari Daniela ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Balan Greta ,   Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Republic of Moldova, Popa Sergiu ,   State Agrarian University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova, Turculet Nadejda ,   Technical University of Moldova, Ghendov-Mosanu Aliona ,   Technical University of Moldova, Sturza Rodica ,   Technical University of Moldova
Published: March 2022

his study deals with the antibacterial activity of Sea buckthorn (SB) (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) grown in the Republic of Moldova. Eight sea buckthorn species were investigated: R1, R2, R4, R5, C6, AGG, AGA, Pomona, 2020 harvest, from Dubasari district, Pohrebea village of the Republic of Moldova. The sea buckthorn fruit was harvested during the complete sweeping phase. The antibacterial efficacy of Sea buckthorn on different microbial cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans) causing infections/diseases was investigated by agar disc diffusion method. The inhibition zones ranged from 12 to 30 mm: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (21-30 mm); Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 (19-29 mm); Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028 (13-18 mm); Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (12-18 mm). In the case of Candida albicans ATCC 10231, this fungal pathogen was resistant to SB. It was found that antimicrobial efficacy of SB depends on the species, concentration, and form of use (fruit puree, extracts with different solvents and powder). Results suggested that SB might be a valuable ingredient for the development of safe products for consumption.
Green Betel Leaf Water with Pure Honey Against Healing Perineum's Wounds Mother Postpartum
Authors: Dompas Robin , Montolalu Agnes , Koloay Trifena Gabriely
Published: March 2022

Many postpartum mothers die from perineal injuries. Perineal infection can occur if the perineal wound is not treated correctly and correctly. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of healing wounds perineum postpartum mothers using green betel leaves and pure honey. This type of research is pre-experimental using one pretest group-posttest design. The number of 20 samples is determined by purposive sampling. Intervention is done using betel leaf decoction water to rinse perineal wounds for one week. Water is made from 5 sheets of betel leaves boiled with 1000 millilitres of water for 30 minutes to 600 millilitres. Data collection uses observation sheets filled in before and after the intervention. Analysis of data using the McNemar test obtained the result of the P-value 0.021 with the meaning <0.05. The results showed an effect of giving green betel leaf water and consuming pure honey to heal perineal wounds in postpartum mothers, so it is recommended that postpartum mothers suffering from perineal wounds use a decoction of green betel leaf water to rinse the perineum and consumption. Pure honey because of the benefits and content obtained in green betel leaves and pure honey in healing perineal wounds.
GC-MS Analysis, Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities of Extracts of Zingiber Officinalis against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Ohaegbu Chinedu G. , Ngene Anayochukwu C. , Alisigwe Chibuzo V.
Published: March 2022

Methods: Extracts were obtained using ethanol, methanol and water as solvents and the phytochemical composition of the ethanol extract was determined using GC-MS analysis. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were done using the tetrazolium microplate assay method.  

Results: Twenty-seven bioactive phytochemical compounds were identified in the ethanol portion. The dominant compounds were gingerol (10.61%); 2-butanone, 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl) (9.35 %); 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8.55 %); 1,3-cyclohexadiene, 5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl (7.74%). The extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity but stimulated biofilm formation when compared with ciprofloxacin.

Conclusion: The results of this study show that Zingiber officinalis possesses some antibacterial properties and can be used to prevent and treat infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Asaolu O. S. , Agbede C.
Published: March 2022

The global effort to address HIV/AIDS prevalence rest with a holistic intervention that promotes adherence and reduces the sociocultural factors limiting treatment adherence. This study assessed the predictors of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among Young People Living with HIV (YPLHIV) in Niger State, Nigeria. The study was a cross-sectional survey utilizing a 43-item validated questionnaire to collect information on HIV medication adherence among 208 young people living with HIV currently enrolled in four facilities providing free comprehensive HIV care and treatment services in Niger State Nigeria. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted at p=0.05 significance level. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 24 years with a mean age of 21.5 ± 1.92 years. Participants had been on antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for a period ranging between one to 14 years. The overall adherence rate in the study was 20% and was unevenly distributed across the four sites. In bivariate analysis, factors associated with ART medication adherence include educational attainment, religion and knowledge of medication adherence practices. Participants with higher education of at least a secondary school certificate were significantly more likely to adhere to ART (100%) than the lowly educated persons (0%), (p <0.0001). Similarly, other significant correlates of adherence at the bivariate level included knowledge of medication adherence (p <0.0001) and religion (p=0.038). Medication adherence is sub-optimal among Young People Living with HIV in Niger State and this study recommends holistic youth-friendly health literacy interventions programs to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among this population.
Sistem Antena Susun Pita S Band Menggunakan Penggeser Fasa 6 Bit
Authors: Herdiana Dina
Published: March 2022

Performa sistem komunikasi seluler dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara memperbaiki performa antena BTS. Salah satu cara memperbaiki performanya dengan mengarahkan main lobe (tilting) atau mengatur beam (beam steering). Sistem antena susun dengan menggunakan penggeser fasa dapat mengatur beam (beam steering) agar mendapat gain maksimum pada arah tertentu. Pada penelitian tesis ini akan dilakukan perancangan sistem antena susun pita S band menggunakan penggeser fasa 6 bit. Sistem tersebut dapat mengatur arah beam antena secara cepat dengan besar sudut perubahan yang lebar. Bagian-bagian yang tersusun dari sistem tersebut adalah antena susun, penggeser fasa dan power combiner. Setiap bagian dari sistem dan pola radiasi dirancang dengan simulator. Setelah rancangan sesuai dengan spesifikasi dilakukan fabrikasi. Bagian-bagian dari sistem tersebut kemudian dirangkai. Sistem antena susun pita S band menggunakan penggeser fasa 6 bit dapat direalisasikan. Hasil simulasi dan implementasi menunjukkan bahwa beam (beam steering) dapat diarahkan dengan perubahan bit pada penggeser fasa.
Penerapan Algoritma K-Means Clustering Untuk Pengelompokan Tingkat Risiko Penyakit Jantung
Authors: Haryadi Deny , Atmaja Dewi Marini Umi
Published: March 2022

Penyakit jantung merupakan sebuah kondisi dimana jantung tidak dapat melaksanakan tugasnya dengan baik, penyakit ini terjadi bila darah ke otot jantung terhenti atau tersumbat sehingga mengakibatkan kerusakan berat pada jantung. Beberapa faktor yang menyebabkan penyakit jantung antara lain keturunan, usia, jenis kelamin, stres, kurang gerak, merokok, kolesterol tinggi, hipertensi, diabetes, dan obesitas. Pada dasarnya penyakit jantung dapat dicegah dengan berbagai faktor diantaranya pola hidup sehat, selain itu deteksi dini penyakit jantung juga diperlukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kematian pada penderitanya salah satu cara untuk melakukan deteksi dini ialah menggunakan data mining. Penggunaan algoritma k-means dapat dilakukan untuk melakukan klasterisasi pengelompokan penyakit jantung guna mengetahui seseorang terkena penyakit jantung maupun tidak. Metode klasterisasi dengan algoritma k-means pada penelitian ini menunjukkan sebuah wawasan baru yaitu pengelompokkan tingkat resiko penyakit jantung berdasarkan 3 cluster. Cluster 1 merupakan kategori usia dengan tingkat resiko penyakit jantung cukup rendah atau Low yaitu 355 dari 1025 kategori usia yang diuji, kemudian cluster 2 adalah kategori usia dengan tingkat resiko penyakit jantung sedang atau Medium yaitu 208 dari 1025 kategori usia yang diuji, dan terakhir adalah cluster 3 merupakan kategori usia dengan tingkat kategori usia cukup tinggi atau High yaitu 462 dari 1025 kategori usia yang diuji.
Design An Infant Warmer With Android-Based Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Silalahi Lukman Medriavin , Osman Gunawan , Silaban Freddy Artadima , Simanjuntak Imelda Uli Vistalina , Rochendi Agus Dendi
Published: March 2022

Infant Warmer design testing or calibration with Android-based Temperature Monitoring is highly dependent on infant warmer modeling equipped with a microcontroller-based APGAR timer using 2 modes (water mode and skin mode) the timer can be activated by sound. The purpose of this research is to design an infant warmer tool with an Android-based temperature monitoring system using a research method consisting of several stages including the required voltage supply of AC 220V and dc voltage supply required by 5V, temperature setting in this Infant Warmer Design tool using temperature settings 36 - 37 °C , an effective distance of 8 meters of temperature monitoring, and a display on LCD devices and android apps. The result of this research is an infant warmer design module with Android-based monitoring and temperature monitoring with the application can work according to its function. The correction value measured in the temperature test was 33 °C at 0.16 °C, the temperature was 35 °C at 0.085 °C, the temperature was 37 °C at 0.1 °C, so the prototype could still be used. The relative percentage of errors is 0.2 % - 0.4% .from the comparison between kalibtor incu analyzer tools.
Pengaruh Frekuensi Sampling Terhadap Waktu dan Akurasi Penentuan Lokasi Menggunakan Metode TDOA Multilaterasi
Authors: Nabila Haifa
Published: March 2022

Kemampuan menentukan lokasi merupakan hal yang banyak dikembangkan saat ini. Akurasi yang baik menjadi tujuan para ilmuwan dalam mengembangkan teknik-teknik penentuan lokasi. Teknik-teknik tersebut tidak hanya bergantung pada algoritma dan karakteristik sinyal yang digunakan, tetapi juga pada perangkat. Masing-masing memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan pada akurasi, biaya penggelaran dan operasional, kompleksitas perhitungan, dan peruntukan penggunaan.

Pada penelitian ini disimulasikan sebuah teknik penentuan lokasi menggunakan informasi TDOA. TDOA memanfaatkan perbedaan waktu kedatangan sinyal pada receiver yang berbeda. Informasi TDOA tersebut dijadikan input untuk algoritma multilaterasi. Pengembangan algoritma dilakukan dengan simulasi pada Matlab dengan memodelkan proses pemancaran dan penerimaan sinyal. Setelah itu disusun algoritma penentuan lokasi sinyal dengan memanfaatkan informasi perbedaan waktu kedatangan sinyal pada empat receiver yang dipasang menyebar. Setelah simulasi mampu menghasilkan akurasi posisi yang baik dari posisi target yang berbeda-beda, dilakukan perubahan variabel frekuensi sampling untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi sampling terhadap akurasi penentuan lokasi dan lama waktu pemrosesan algoritma.

Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, didapatkan hubungan antara bertambahnya frekuensi sampling yang digunakan dengan bertambahnya akurasi penentuan posisi. Hal ini disebabkan karena semakin banyak sampel yang dicuplik maka semakin lengkap dan akurat pula data yang diproses. Selain itu, hubungan lainnya adalah bertambahnya frekuensi sampling justru meningkatkan waktu pemrosesan yang diperlukan. Hal ini dikarenakan semakin banyak sampel yang dicuplik maka semakin banyak pula perhitungan yang dilakukan. Dengan adanya tradeoff seperti ini, diharapkan jurnal ini dapat memberi gambaran bagi para peneliti dalam memilih akurasi dan waktu pemrosesan yang sesuai dengan keperluan penelitian masing-masing.
Stability testing: An Essential study for Vaccine Formulation Development
Authors: Vyas Amitkumar J. , Patel Sinchan M. , Patel Ashok B. , Patel Ajay I. , Patel Nilesh K. , Shah Suuny , Sheth Devang
Published: March 2022

Forced degradation studies are carried out at a more severe condition than accelerated conditions. Stress studies for vaccines are carried out in the early stage of development. By conducting stress studies, we can know the chemical behavior of our molecule which is important while developing formulation, packaging, transportation, storage, etc. there are general regulatory guidelines are available for conducting forced degradation studies but there is no sufficient information provided about how to perform forced degradation studies. Thus, this review discussed stress testing studies of vaccines, mechanisms of vaccine degradation, also analytical methods which are helpful to develop a method for forced degradation.