bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A family with pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma inherited tumour syndrome
Authors: Zschieschang P. , Prasad V. , Moskopp D. , Knie B. , Plotkin M.
Published: January 2016

Aim: Hereditary pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndromes are characterized by multiple pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGLs), inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Early detection and removal of tumours may prevent or minimize complications related to mass effects and malignant transformation. Having confirmed the diagnosis, it is important to localize the tumours and reveal their extent preoperatively. This study aimed to introduce 18F-DOPA PET/CT as a highly sensitive noninvasive diagnostic tool for early detection of mass lesions in patients with pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma inherited tumour syndrome and to report about its impact on patient management. Patients, methods: We are currently supervising one of the largest documented families in Germany with genetically determined SDHD gene mutation. We performed 18F-DOPA PET/CT in order to detect tumours in asymptomatic gene carriers and enable subsequent surgical therapy. Results: In seven patients undergoing 12 18F-DOPA PET/CT scans 17 lesions have been detected. Three of these lesions, located in the head and neck region, have had no morphologic correlate in CT and one had also no morphologic correlate in MRI. Of the six histologically analyzed lesions five have been tumors (PGL or PCC) and one has been a nodular hyperplasia. This means the 18F-DOPA PET/CT scan in our study group had a sensitivity of 83%. 18F-DOPA PET/CT investigations lead to change in the management in 5/7 studied patients (70%). Conclusion: The benefits of PET/ CT in detection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are well documented, but we are the first to use this technique for screening of a rare hereditary disease (estimated prevalence 0.3/100 000).
MULTIPLE CARBON MONOXIDE SNOW LINES IN DISKS SCULPTED BY RADIAL DRIFT
Authors: Cleeves L. Ilsedore
Published: January 2016

Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that the gas and dust follow significantly different radial distributions. This finding can be theoretically explained by a combination of radial drift and gas drag of intermediate-sized dust grains. Using a simple parametric model to approximate the different distributions of the gas and dust components, we calculate and examine the impact of radial drift on the global dust temperature structure. We find that the removal of large grains beyond the “truncation radius” allows this region to become significantly warmer from reprocessed stellar radiation shining down from the disk upper layers, increasing the outer disk temperature by ∼10%–30%. This change is sufficient to raise the local temperature to a value exceeding the CO desorption temperature. These findings imply that the disk density structures induced by radial drift are able to create multiple CO snow lines. The inner disk CO is in the gas phase, freezing out near the classical snow line at

. Moving outward, the CO sublimates once again beyond the truncation radius (80 AU in our models) and subsequently re-freezes out at sufficiently large stellar distances beyond

. We find that thermal desorption of CO in the outer disk becomes competitive with external UV photodesorption and that this additional transition from solid state CO to the gas phase has significant implications for the C/O ratio in the outer disk.
Protection against Lethal Vaccinia Virus Infection in Mice using an siRNA Targeting the A5R Gene
Authors: Seo Dongjoon , Kim Na Young , Lee Jin Ah , Han Kang Rok , Hur Gyeung Haeng , Yang Jai Myung , Shin Sungho
Published: January 2016

Background

Although the World Health Organization has declared the eradication of smallpox in 1980, the fear of its potential use in bioterrorism has become a reality. Since the effectiveness of current vaccines and antiviral drugs is limited, development of new therapeutic strategies is needed. In this study, we investigated small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a therapeutic approach for preventing and treating smallpox infection.

Methods

Eight siRNA sequences were designed and evaluated for antiviral activity against vaccinia virus (VACV) in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Of eight siRNAs, A5R1 siRNA targeted the A5R gene and reduced VACV replication in cell culture by up to 85% at 100 nM concentration without inducing cytotoxicity. A prolonged prophylactic as well as therapeutic effect of siRNA was observed. In addition, real-time PCR analysis showed that A5R1 siRNA can especially reduce the target mRNA. Finally, intraperitoneal delivery of A5R1 siRNA in Balb/c mice significantly protected these animals from lethal challenge with VACV.

Conclusions

This study suggests the potential of A5R1 siRNA as a therapeutic antiviral agent against smallpox.
Agir auprès des pères en situation de vulnérabilité : une invitation au dialogue et à la réflexion
Authors: Lacharité Carl , Gagnier Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2016

Cet article présente quelques axes de recherche qui enrichissent notre compréhension de l’importance de l’engagement des pères auprès des enfants et des mères, rappellent la nécessité de considérer davantage l’apport des pères dans le développement des enfants et dans la qualité des diverses alliances familiales, confirment la pertinence et la valeur d’approches cliniques qui relient comportements, mentalisations, trajectoires de vie et contextes. Il décrit également une approche clinique de l’intervention auprès de pères impliqués dans des problématiques de violence familiale. Ces situations constituent des espaces de réflexion sur les pratiques d’intervention effectives auprès des pères et des familles en situation de vulnérabilité.
J’ai besoin de mon père
Authors: Mugnier Jean-Paul
Published: January 2016

Cet article s’articule autour d’une seule idée déclinée en deux temps : le lien père/fils, d’une certaine façon, toujours un lien d’adoption. Ainsi, nombreux sont les patients que nous rencontrons qui nous disent, souvent à l’âge adulte, combien ils ont souffert de ne pas s’être sentis reconnus par leur père. Dans cette perspective, l’un des objectifs sera de permettre cette reconnaissance du fils par le père et, lorsque ce n’est pas possible, de permettre enfin au fils d’adopter son père.
Réflexions sur les fonctions du père dans les familles d’aujourd’hui
Authors: De Neuter Patrick
Published: January 2016

Au cours de ces derniers siècles, la place du père et ses fonctions ont subi d’importantes modifications. L’auteur examine les particularités de certaines d’entre elles et insiste sur les différents agents qui assument aujourd’hui les fonctions dites paternelles : la mère notamment, et bien d’autres encore. C’est pourquoi il propose d’appeler ces fonctions dites paternelles, « fonctions tierces symboligènes ».
Le panier à salade
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: January 2016

Dans un panier à salade de la police, le père et le fils vivent sous le masque d’un conflit œdipien l’intime-extime de la fonction symbolique symbolisante paternelle. Le matériel est issu de trois romans de Patrick Modiano : Les boulevards de ceinture (1972), Dora Bruder (1997), Un pedigree (2005).
The Dynamics of Technical Progress in Some Developing and Developed Countries
Authors: Razzak Weshah A. , Laabas Belkacem , Bentour El Mostafa
Published: January 2016

We calibrate a semi-endogenous growth model to study the transitional dynamic and the properties of balanced growth paths of technological progress. In the model, long-run growth arises from global discoveries of new ideas, which depend on population growth. The transitional dynamic consists of the growth rates of capital intensity, labor, educational attainment (human capital), and research and ideas in excess of world population growth. Most of the growth in technical progress in a large number of developed and developing countries is accounted for by transitional dynamics.
Automatic Detection and Classification of Ischemic Stroke Using K-Means Clustering and Texture Features
Authors: Rajini N. Hema , Bhavani R.
Published: January 2016

Computed tomography images are widely used in the diagnosis of ischemic stroke because of its faster acquisition and compatibility with most life support devices. This chapter presents a new approach to automated detection of ischemic stroke using k-means clustering technique which separates the lesion region from healthy tissues and classification of ischemic stroke using texture features. The proposed method has five stages, pre-processing, tracing midline of the brain, extraction of texture features and feature selection, classification and segmentation. In the first stage noise is suppressed using a median filtering and skull bone components of the images are removed. In the second stage, midline shift of the brain is calculated. In the third stage, fourteen texture features are extracted and optimal features are selected using genetic algorithm. In the fourth stage, support vector machine, artificial neural network and decision tree classifiers have been used. Finally, the ischemic stroke region is extracted by using k-means clustering technique.
Using Soft Systems Ideas within Virtual Teams
Authors: Stowell Frank , Cooray Shavindrie
Published: January 2016

Recent research adds support to the view that the way that individuals act as part of a virtual group is different from behavior in face-to-face meetings. Specifically researchers have discovered that conflicts are more prevalent within virtual teams as opposed to face to face teams. This is because research has shown that participants are more likely to change their initial points of view (shaped by personal values, biases and experience) when discussions are held in a face to face environment rather than through virtual means. This insight raises doubts upon the effectiveness of CMCs as an instrument of organizational cohesion. In this paper we reflect upon this position and attempt to discover if these concerns can be overcome through the employment of Systems methods used in organizational inquiry. We do this through an evaluation of the results of a preliminary study between Curry College in Boston, Massachusetts, USA and Richmond University in London, UK.
Virtual Reality Enhanced Robotic Systems for Disability Rehabilitation
Authors: Wei Wei
Published: January 2016

This chapter mainly introduced the virtual reality as many benefits of robots involved in disability rehabilitation. According to the vision feedback and force feedback, the therapist can adjust his operation. Virtual reality technology can provide repeated practice, performance feedback and motivation techniques for rehabilitation training. Patients can learn motor skills in a virtual environment, and then transfer the skills to the real world. It is hopeful to achieve satisfactory outcome in the field of rehabilitation in the future. VR is mainly used for the upper-limb rehabilitation robot system in this article. The objective of robotic systems for disability rehabilitation are explored to divide the whole rehabilitation training process into three parts, earliest rehabilitation training, medium-term rehabilitation training and late rehabilitation training, respectively. Accordingly, brain-computer training modes, the master-slave training modes and the electromyogram (EMG) signals training modes are developed to be used in rehabilitation training to help stroke patients with hemiplegia to restore the motor function of upper limb. Aimed at the rehabilitation goal, three generations of VR rehabilitation system has designed. The first generation of VR rehabilitation system includes haptic device (PHANTOM Omni), an advanced inertial sensor (MTx) and a computer. The impaired hand grip the stylus of haptic device, the intact hand can control the impaired hand's motion based on the virtual reality scene. The second generation of the VR rehabilitation system is the exoskeleton robots structure. Two virtual upper limbs are portrayed in the virtual environment, simulated the impaired hand and the intact hand, respectively. The third generation is a novel VR-based upper limb rehabilitation robot system. In the system, the realization of virtual reality environment is implemented, which can potentially motivate patients to exercise for longer periods of time. Not only virtual images but also position and force information are sent to the doctors. The development of this system can be a promising approach for further research in the field of tele-rehablitation science.
Adaptation and Customization in Virtual Rehabilitation
Authors: Orihuela-Espina Felipe , Sucar L. Enrique
Published: January 2016

Background. Adaptation and customization are two related but distinct concepts that are central to virtual rehabilitation if this motor therapy modality is to succeed in alleviating the demand for expert supervision. These two elements of the therapy are required to exploit the flexibility of virtual environments to enhance motor training and boost therapy outcome. Aim. The chapter provides a non-systematic overview of the state of the art regarding the evolving manipulation of virtual rehabilitation environments to optimize therapy outcome manifested through customization and adaptation mechanisms. Methods. Both concepts will be defined, aspects guiding their implementation reviewed, and available literature suggesting different solutions discussed. We present “Gesture Therapy”, a platform realizing our contributions to the field and we present results of the adaptation techniques integrated into it. Less explored additional dimensions such as liability and privacy issues affecting their implementation are briefly discussed. Results. Solutions to implement decision-making on how to manipulate the environment are varied. They range from predefined system configurations to sophisticated artificial intelligence (AI) models. Challenge maintenance and feedback personalization is the most common driving force for their incorporation to virtual rehabilitation platforms. Conclusions. Customization and adaptation are the main mechanisms responsible for the full exploitation of the potential of virtual rehabilitation environments, and the potential benefits are worth pursuing. Despite encouraging evidence of the many solutions proposed thus far in literature, none has yet proven to substantially alter the therapy outcome. In consequence, research is still on going to equip virtual rehabilitation solutions with efficacious tailoring elements.
Enabling MOOCs' Usage to Mild and Moderate Intellectual Disabled Users
Authors: González Alfredo Mendoza , Rodríguez Francisco Alvarez
Published: January 2016

The intention of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) is to extend online learning worldwide and to the most users as possible. Nowadays MOOCs have been used not only by undergraduate and hig-school students, but also by the elderly and the children. MOOCs have the potential to change the education in a better way to all people, including off course, the cognitive disabled people. From basic mathematics to specialized technical courses, MOOCs may enhance the opportunity to have better educational programs for cognitive disabled users, nevertheless, there are many things to do, about accessibility to guarantee a delightful user experience. This chapter introduces a new perspective to design inclusive MOOCs' interfaces.
The Roles of Information Technology and Knowledge Management in Global Tourism
Authors: Kasemsap Kijpokin
Published: January 2016

This chapter describes the roles of information technology (IT) and knowledge management (KM) in global tourism, thus explaining the theoretical and practical overviews of IT, KM, and global tourism; the significance of IT in global tourism; and the significance of KM in global tourism. The fulfillment of IT and KM is vital for modern organizations that seek to serve suppliers and customers, increase business performance, sustain competitiveness, and accomplish continuous success in global tourism. Therefore, it is necessary for modern organizations to promote their IT and KM applications and establish a strategic plan to regularly examine their advancements toward satisfying customer requirements. The chapter argues that applying IT and KM has the potential to increase organizational performance and gain sustainable competitive advantage in global tourism.
Identification of Optimal Web Page Set based on Web Usage using Biclustering Optimization Techniques
Authors: Rathipriya R.
Published: January 2016

The primary objective of this chapter is to propose Biclustering Optimization Techniques (BOT) to identify the optimal web pages from web usage data. Bio-inspired optimization techniques like Firefly algorithm and its variant are used as optimization tool to generate optimal usage profile from the given web usage dataset. Finally, empirical study is conducted on the benchmark clickstream datasets like MSNBC, MSWEB and CTI and their results are analyzed to know the performance of the proposed biclustering optimization techniques with respect to optimization techniques available in the literature.
Web Analytics
Authors: Balusamy Balamurugan , Venkata Krishna P  , Sridhar Jayashree
Published: January 2016

Over the decades, people are using internet for interconnecting distances across the universe which acts as an information hub. Internet changed the face of business, communication, etc. Consumers are overloaded with the abundance of websites and information offered. This creates a need to foster the quality of websites. Nowadays website designing trends has been evolved with numerous characteristics. This involves design simplicity, performance, improved bandwidth rate, content is designed first and device agnostic where interoperability and portability comes into action. Web analytics is a measure that can be utilized to optimize web usage and to improve the quality of websites. It is used to improve the effectiveness of the website and for optimizing web usage to an extent. This chapter deals with how website quality can be improved using web analytics. The quality of website is evaluated using web analytics with respect to the website metrics that matters.
Cryptococcus gattii Capsule Blocks Surface Recognition Required for Dendritic Cell Maturation Independent of Internalization and Antigen Processing
Authors: Huston Shaunna M. , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai , Xiang Richard F. , Ogbomo Henry , Stack Danuta , Li Shu Shun , Timm-McCann Martina , Kyei Stephen K. , Oykhman Paul , Kwon-Chung Kyung J. , Mody Christopher H.
Published: January 2016

Cryptococcus gattii is an emerging fungal pathogen on the west coast of Canada and the United States that causes a potentially fatal infection in otherwise healthy individuals. In previous investigations of the mechanisms by which C. gattii might subvert cell-mediated immunity, we found that C. gattii failed to induce dendritic cell (DC) maturation, leading to defective T cell responses. However, the virulence factor and the mechanisms of evasion of DC maturation remain unknown. The cryptococcal polysaccharide capsule is a leading candidate because of its antiphagocytic properties. Consequently, we asked if the capsule of C. gattii was involved in evasion of DC maturation. We constructed an acapsular strain of C. gattii through CAP59 gene deletion by homologous integration. Encapsulated C. gattii failed to induce human monocyte-derived DC maturation and T cell proliferation, whereas the acapsular mutant induced both processes. Surprisingly, encapsulation impaired DC maturation independent of its effect on phagocytosis. Indeed, DC maturation required extracellular receptor signaling that was dependent on TNF-α and p38 MAPK, but not ERK activation, and the cryptococcal capsule blocked this extracellular recognition. Although the capsule impaired phagocytosis that led to pH-dependent serine-, threonine-, and cysteine-sensitive protease-dependent Ag processing, it was insufficient to impair T cell responses. In summary, C. gattii affects two independent processes, leading to DC maturation and Ag processing. The polysaccharide capsule masked extracellular detection and reduced phagocytosis that was required for DC maturation and Ag processing, respectively. However, the T cell response was fully restored by inducing DC maturation.
Ensayo de reconstrucción virtual de un túmulo funerario: El túmulo del Mortórum (Cabanes, Castellón)
Authors: Luján Valderrama Jose , Aguilella Arzo Gustau
Published: January 2016

We presents a virtual reconstruction of the megalithic tomb found near of Tossal del Mortórum (Cabanes, Castellón) dated on the second millennium BC. The structure discovered in 2005 was plundered at an undetermined moment, and their conservation status is very precarious. Given the undoubted interest of the tomb, located in an area of the peninsula with little evidence of megalithism, we decided to make a essay of its virtual reconstruction. The basic software used in the modeling and rendering is Blender 2.56, so this paper can also show the capabilities of open source software for these projects.
Reconstrucción de fragmentos arqueológicos mediante correspondencia de patrones
Authors: Vendrell Vidal Eduardo , Sánchez Belenguer Carlos
Published: January 2016

This paper introduces a method for automatic archaeological fragment reconstruction, based on the pattern matching techniques originally developed in graphic computing and image analysis fields. The method is embodied in a software tool that provides the bests matches in a set of bi-dimensional archaeological fragments.
To ensure the efficiency of the results, it has been developed a theoretical study that allows solving the stated problem, ensuring the correction of results, and with a very competitive execution times.
Comunicación visual mediante técnicas GIS en el litoral del Campo de Dalías: la defensa costera de los pueblos del interior.
Authors: Villanueva Ojeda Enrique , García Lorca Andrés Miguel
Published: January 2016

Monitoring of the coast for the protection of the in-land populations has been one of the main problems in the province of Almería during a significant part of Modern Age. Due to this was planned and developed an entire infrastructure defensive and observational in view of the arrival of pirates and corsairs to the coast of Almería. With the present work it is tried firstly to give importance to these structures from a landscape point of view, tourism and culture through GIS techniques to create view sheds. On the other, from overlapping each different view shed, their presence or absence, can give useful conclusions for the archaeology science, as a part of a research project on the visual connection between the coastal defenses and in-land populations.
Escapismo de sí mismo: Medardo Ángel Silva como poeta marginal y la autonegación de la identidad
Authors: Ponce Cordero Roberto
Published: January 2016

Este ensayo explora nuevas perspectivas críticas sobre la obra del poeta modernista ecuatoriano Medardo Ángel Silva, enfatizando aspectos previamente invisibilizados como su ascendencia africana y su baja extracción social. Con esto, se relaciona el carácter contradictorio y “escapista” de la poesía de Silva con su identidad autonegada de sujeto marginal, para encontrar interpretaciones de su sensibilidad sin necesidad de recurrir a un Zeitgeist modernista o a un modelo de importación estética. En dos poemas selectos, se buscan y se detectan los rastros de la contradicción esencial y de la autonegación que hacen del poeta ecuatoriano un autor propiamente modernista.
Diálogos y reflexiones sobre las comunicaciones en la Unidad Popular. Chile, 1970 -1973
Authors: Rivera Aravena Carla
Published: January 2016

El siguiente artículo analiza el debate que se gestó en torno a las comunicaciones durante la Unidad Popular. El Centro de Estudios de la Realidad Nacional (CEREN), de la Universidad Católica de Santiago, sentó un precedente en la constitución de nuevas propuestas -distintas a las dominantes- que posteriormente se transformaron en paradigmas de las comunicaciones. Armand Mattelart, Michèle Mattelart y Mabel Piccini, de hecho, abrieron el debate evidenciando y cuestionando la falta de visión de la izquierda en la materia. La falta de políticas comunicacionales emanadas desde el gobierno, de este modo, no impidió el desarrollo de nuevas experiencias en función del contexto revolucionario.
«Crowdfunding» para la producción cultural basada en el procomún: el caso de Goteo (2011-2014)
Authors: Solera Navarro Fátima
Published: January 2016

La búsqueda de alternativas financieras tras el colapso bancario de 2008 atrae una creciente atención hacia el «crowdfunding». Este artículo parte de una revisión conceptual para luego centrarse en el «crowdfunding » de donaciones orientado a la producción cultural basada en el procomún. Para ello escogemos como caso de estudio la plataforma española Goteo, analizando los 158 proyectos lanzados en ella desde 2011 hasta mayo de 2014. Nuestra conclusión es que, si bien su recaudación es modesta y no muy diversificada, este modelo se consolida año a año, desafiando la visión neoliberal del «crowdfunding» como sustituto de la financiación pública a costa del agotamiento de las comunidades de apoyo.
COMPRIMIDOS REVESTIDOS POR PELÍCULA: TIPOS DE DEFEITOS E SUAS CAUSAS
Authors: Eserian Jaqueline Kalleian , Lombardo Márcia
Published: January 2016

Os processos de compressão e revestimento de comprimidos são etapas críticas que interferem nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do produto final. Com objetivo de descrever as características inerentes ao processo de revestimento por película e relacioná-lo com o aparecimento de defeitos no produto e suas possíveis causas, foi realizada a presente revisão bibliográfica. O uso de películas em comprimidos visa ações protetoras, estéticas e de modificação na taxa de liberação de princípios ativos. As forças da ligação interfacial entre a película e a superfície do comprimido e o estresse interno gerado dentro do revestimento são os fatores mais importantes que influenciam a adesão, sendo que a quantidade de revestimento aplicada e sua espessura são variáveis relevantes na obtenção de uma película adequada. Além de afetar a aparência, defeitos em comprimidos podem gerar consequências mais graves à saúde do paciente, relacionadas à perda de estabilidade do fármaco, alteração de sua liberação ou de propriedades organolépticas. A incidência de defeitos em comprimidos é um tema relevante para a indústria farmacêutica, portanto, faz-se necessário a realização de mais estudos que possibilitem estabelecer processos otimizados, protocolos para resolução de problemas e inclusão de novas tecnologias.
O USO RACIONAL DE MEDICAMENTOS NO BRASIL DENTRO DA ASSISTÊNCIA FARMACÊUTICA BRASILEIRA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NO PRESENTE
Authors: Pinto Luciano Henrique , Schulter Luana Soares , Sierth Rafaela , Biff Heloisa , Ciampo Lineu Del , Erzinger Gilmar Sidnei
Published: January 2016

O Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM) assume importância fundamental na orientação de práticas profissionais dentro do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Dentro os entraves históricos registra-se a Reforma Universitária de 1968, que tencionou para a adoção de um modelo biomédico de atenção a saúde, ocasionando a supressão da disciplina de terapêutica e alguns conteúdos de farmacologia dos cursos de medicina e farmácia. Esta ação deixou os alunos e futuros profissionais reféns dos representantes de laboratórios farmacêuticos multinacionais que aqui se instalavam. Este cenário solidificou a cultura da medicamentalização da saúde, sendo contrário aos ideais defendidos pela reforma sanitária brasileira, em meados da década de 1970. Este trabalho visa discutira a questão atual sobre o URM, apontando os atuais entraves e suas possíveis origens destes, para assim redimensionar a discussão acerca da implementação do URM e da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF) no Brasil, na perspectiva de se promover um melhor entendimento sobre os temas e possibilitar reflexões.
INTERVENÇÕES FARMACÊUTICAS DESTINADAS À OTIMIZAÇÃO DA ADESÃO AO TRATAMENTO MEDICAMENTOSO DE UM PACIENTE
Authors: Oliveira Rinaldo Eduardo Machado , Filipin Marina Del Vecchio , Giardini Mariana Honorato
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas em conjunto à equipe multiprofissional para otimizar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de um paciente idoso. Métodos: Estudo de caso realizado em um Hospital Público de Atenção Secundária com coleta de dados a partir de prontuário eletrônico, teste de adesão BMQ e consulta ao Micromedex®. Resultados: Paciente analfabeto, com potencial baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso, devido a problemas no uso correto e acesso na rede pública de saúde. Os farmacêuticos analisaram aspectos da terapia farmacológica e identificou as principais causas da baixa adesão ao tratamento. Posteriormente, foram apresentadas estratégias para otimizar a utilização de medicamentos juntamente com a equipe multiprofissional e garantia da continuidade do cuidado pós-internação na Atenção Primária à Saúde através do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família do município de origem do paciente. Conclusão: As ações farmacêuticas destinadas à melhoria da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso do paciente idoso tornam-se essencial na atenção hospitalar, garantindo efetividade da assistência prestada. O hospital é um importante espaço de promoção e educação em saúde.
The Effects of Giving and Receiving Marginal L1 Glosses on L2 Vocabulary Learning by Upper Secondary Learners
Authors: Samian Hosein Vafadar , Foo Thomas Chow Voon , Mohebbi Hassan
Published: January 2016

This paper reports the findings of a study that investigated the effect of giving and receiving marginal L1 glosses on L2 vocabulary learning. To that end, forty nine Iranian learners of English were assigned to three different experimental conditions including marginal L1 glosses Giver (n = 17), marginal L1 glosses Receiver (n = 17), and no glosses Control group (n = 15) with a pretest, immediate, and delayed posttests design. The scores obtained from the fill-in-the-blank and translation test confirmed the homogeneity of the three participating groups in the pretest. During three treatment sessions, participants in the giver group were required to perform the three reading comprehension tasks and consult the bilingual dictionary to look up the targeted lexical items, which were highlighted, and write down their L1 equivalents in the spaces given. The participants in the receiver group were asked to carry out the same reading comprehension tasks which included L1 equivalents of the targeted words. The participants in no marginal glosses group took the same procedure while they had no access to marginal glosses. Two days and four weeks after treatment sessions, all participants took the posttests using the same testing package applied in the pretest. Results of one-way ANOVAs revealed that both the giver and receiver group had an influence on L2 vocabulary learning, the giver group made the most favorable progress over time.
Singular Values of Two Parameter Families $\lambda\dfrac{e^{az}-1}{z}$ and $\lambda\dfrac{z}{e^{az}-1}$
Authors: Sajid Mohammad
Published: January 2016

The singular values of two parameter families of entire functions $f_{\lambda,a}(z)=\lambda\frac{e^{az}-1}{z}$, $f_{\lambda,a}(0)=\lambda a$ and meromorphic functions $g_{\lambda,a}(z)=\lambda\frac{z}{e^{az}-1}$, $g_{\lambda,a}(0)=\frac{\lambda}{a}$, $\lambda, a \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \{0\}$, $z \in \mathbb{C}$, are investigated. It is shown that all the critical values of $f_{\lambda,a}(z)$ and $g_{\lambda,a}(z)$ lie in the right half plane for $a<0$ and lie in the left half plane for $a>0$. It is described that the functions $f_{\lambda,a}(z)$ and $g_{\lambda,a}(z)$ have infinitely many singular values. It is also found that all the singular values $f_{\lambda,a}(z)$ are bounded and lie inside the open disk centered at origin and having radius $|\lambda a|$ and all the critical values of $g_{\lambda,a}(z)$ belong to the exterior of the disk centered at origin and having radius $|\frac{\lambda}{a}|$.
Attacks on the Faithfulness of the Burau Representation of the Braid Group $B_4$
Authors: Chreif Mohammad Y. , Abdulrahim Mohammad N.
Published: January 2016

The faithfulness of the Burau representation of the 4-strand braid group, $B_4$, remains an open question.
In this work, there are two main results. First, we specialize the indeterminate $t$ to a complex number on the unit circle, and we find a necessary condition for a word of $B_4$ to belong to the kernel of the representation. Second, by using a simple algorithm,
we will be able to exclude a family of words in the generators from belonging to the kernel of the reduced Burau representation.
A Proposal for a Management-Oriented Process Capability Index
Authors: Baciarello Luca , Schiraldi Massimiliano M.
Published: January 2016

During the past three decades, PCIs – process capability indices – have inspired hundreds of pages of scientific research. The trade-off between simplicity and precision in reproducing an overall process quality prediction is both the reason behind the criticism for Cp and Cpk and the motive for their widespread use. Indeed, their strength in simplifying the assessment of a process control status compensates for some of the statistical shortcomings largely recognized in the literature, amongst which is the normality assumption. Hence, this article aims at overcoming the main statistical problems of Cp and Cpk indices by proposing a new indicator, still compliant with the traditional PCIs approach, but applicable for cases of non-normal processes while being simple to implement and easy to interpret. The proposed indicator is composed of three sub-indices, each related to a specific process characteristic: how the process is repeatable, how much the data distribution is skewed about the mean value and how much the process data comfortably lies between the specifications limits. On top of this, a specific parameter allows designers or quality engineers to modify the index value range in order to finetune the effect of the cost of Taguchi's loss function. The article presents the theoretical structure of the new indicator and an extensive numerical test on several different processes with different distributions upon multiple specification limit combinations, along with a comparison to the Cpk index, in order to demonstrate how the new index provides a clearer indication of the process criticalities.
Non-Intravenous Sedatives and Analgesics for Procedural Sedation for Imaging Procedures in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Thomas Amber , Miller Jamie L. , Couloures Kevin , Johnson Peter N.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to describe the method of delivery, dosage regimens, and outcomes of sedatives administered by extravascular route for imaging procedures in children.

METHODS: Medline, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using keywords “child”, “midazolam”, “ketamine”, dexmedetomidine”, “fentanyl”, “nitrous oxide”, and “imaging.” Articles evaluating the use of extravascular sedation in children for imaging procedures published in English between 1946 and March 2015 were included. Two authors independently screened each article for inclusion. Reports were excluded if they did not contain sufficient details on dosage regimens and outcomes.

RESULTS: Twenty reports representing 1,412 patients ranging in age from 0.33 to 19 years of age were included for analysis. Due to discrepancies in doses and types of analyses, statistical analyses were not performed. Oral midazolam was the most common agent evaluated; other agents included intranasal (IN) ketamine, IN midazolam, IN fentanyl, IN and transmucosal dexmedetomidine, and N2O. Most agents were considered efficacious compared with placebo.

CONCLUSIONS: Most agents showed efficacy for sedation during imaging when delivered through an extra-vascular route. Selection of agents should be based on onset time, duration, patient acceptability, recovery time, and adverse events. More robust studies are necessary to determine the optimal agent and route to utilize for imaging procedures when sedation is needed.
Characterization of Dronabinol Usage in a Pediatric Oncology Population
Authors: Elder Joshua J. , Knoderer Holly M.
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains an important side effect associated with administration of chemotherapy in pediatrics. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review dronabinol use in a pediatric cancer center, with the intent of characterizing its use and identifying trends such as age, sex, diagnosis, and chemotherapy that describe where dronabinol is best used as an adjuvant antiemetic.

METHODS: Patients receiving dronabinol at Riley Hospital for Children between 2000 and 2010 were identified. Patients eligible for inclusion were those with malignancy ≤18 years old, who received at least 1 dose of dronabinol for CINV during admission.

RESULTS: Ninety-five percent of patients received moderate or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. When dronabinol doses were analyzed, 95% of patients received doses that were lower than reference guidelines, 55% received dronabinol as a scheduled medication, and 19% received dronabinol 1 to 3 hours before chemotherapy. Overall, 60% of patients had a defined positive response to dronabinol. Sixty-five percent of patients received repeat courses of dronabinol, and 62% received outpatient prescriptions for dronabinol.

CONCLUSIONS: Dronabinol appears to be a viable option as an adjuvant antiemetic in pediatric CINV, but a prospective trial using patients as their own controls is necessary to truly define dronabinol's place in therapy.
Minimum Requirements for Core Competency in Pediatric Pharmacy Practice
Authors: Boucher Elizabeth A. , Burke Margaret M. , Johnson Peter N. , Klein Kristin C. , Miller Jamie L. ,   on Behalf of the Advocacy Committee for the Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group
Published: January 2016

Colleges of pharmacy provide varying amounts of didactic and clinical hours in pediatrics resulting in variability in the knowledge, skills, and perceptions of new graduates toward pediatric pharmaceutical care. The Pediatric Pharmacy Advocacy Group (PPAG) endorses the application of a minimum set of core competencies for all pharmacists involved in the care of hospitalized children.
Brief Report: Teachers' Awareness of the Relationship Between Prior Knowledge and New Learning
Authors: Hohensee Charles
Published: January 2016

In this study, I examined the degree to which experienced teachers were aware of the relationship between prior knowledge and new learning. Interviews with teachers revealed that they were explicitly aware of when students made connections between prior knowledge and new learning, when they applied their prior knowledge to new contexts, and when they developed their prior knowledge as a result of applying that knowledge to new contexts. However, teachers were not explicitly aware of backwardtransfer effects. Results from this study have implications for future research on backward transfer, as well as for teacher professional development.
Propranolol and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Combine to Treat Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kota Daniel J. , Prabhakara Karthik S. , van Brummen Alexandra J. , Bedi Supinder , Xue Hasen , DiCarlo Bryan , Cox Charles S. , Olson Scott D.
Published: January 2016

More than 6.5 million patients are burdened by the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial deficits associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the U.S. Despite extensive efforts to develop neuroprotective therapies for this devastating disorder, there have been no successful outcomes in human clinical trials to date. Retrospective studies have shown that β-adrenergic receptor blockers, specifically propranolol, significantly decrease mortality of TBI through mechanisms not yet fully elucidated but are thought to counterbalance a hyperadrenergic state resulting from a TBI. Conversely, cellular therapies have been shown to improve long-term behavior following TBI, likely by reducing inflammation. Given the nonredundancy in their therapeutic mechanisms, we hypothesized that a combination of acute propranolol followed by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from human bone marrow would have additive effects in treating a rodent model of TBI. We have found that the treatments are well-tolerated individually and in combination with no adverse events. MSCs decrease BBB permeability at 96 hours after injury, inhibit a significant accumulation of activated microglia/macrophage in the thalamic region of the brain both short and long term, and enhance neurogenesis short term. Propranolol decreases edema and reduces the number of fully activated microglia at 7 days and the number of semiactivated microglia at 120 days. Combinatory treatment improved cognitive and memory functions 120 days following TBI. Therefore, the results here suggest a new, efficacious sequential treatment for TBI may be achieved using the β-blocker propranolol followed by MSC treatment.

Significance

Despite continuous efforts, traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide in patients under the age of 44. In this study, an animal model of moderate-severe TBI was treated with an acute dose of propranolol followed by a delayed dose of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), resulting in improved short- and long-term measurements. These results have direct translational application. They reinforce the inevitable clinical trial of MSCs to treat TBI by demonstrating, among other benefits, a notable decrease in chronic neuroinflammation. More importantly, these results demonstrate that MSCs and propranolol, which is increasingly being used clinically for TBI, are compatible treatments that improve overall outcome.
Protective Effects of Punicalagin on Caco-2 Intestine Cell Line under Oxidative Stress Caused by Tert-butyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Ulfat Omar  , Akram Aloqbi  , Marwa Yousr  , Nazlin Howell
Published: January 2016

Hydrolysable tannin polyphenols from pomegranate (punicalagin) have been reported to show a wide range of health properties correlated to their high antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The objective of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of punicalagin on cell viability and redox status of cultured Caco-2 cells exposed to oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The production of malondialdehyde, and total glutathione levels, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species were used as markers of cellular oxidative status. Pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with 5 and 10 µM punicalagin for 24 hours significantly protected cell viability after exposure to tert-butyl hydroperoxide IC50 = 3 mM for 2 hours. The examined doses prevented the decrease of total glutathione and the increase of malondialdehyde induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide in Caco-2 cells. Reactive oxygen species generation provoked by tert-butyl hydroperoxide was significantly reduced at the same concnetrations. Finally, cell morphology with treatments before and after induction by tert-butyl hydroperoxide showed irreversible effect of the oxidizing agent. The results of the biomarkers analyzed showed that treatment of Caco-2 cells with the natural dietary antioxidant punicalagin protected the cells against oxidative stress.
Accuracy of Three Screening Instruments in Identifying Preschool Children at Risk for Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Alkherainej Khaled , Squires Jane
Published: January 2016

An efficient approach for screening and identifying children at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a pressing need. The aim of this exploratory study was to examine the ability of two general developmental screening tests to identify children at risk for ASD. We compared the accuracy of one general developmental screening instrument, Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), and one general social emotional screening instrument, the Ages and Stages Questionnaire: Social Emotional (ASQ:SE), with the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), an ASD-specific screening instrument.
Two hundred eight children between 36 and 66 months were recruited through 19 community ASD programs, websites, and magazines. The three screening instruments were given to 285 parent/child dyads with and without a diagnosis of ASD, online via a screening website linked to a university. Sixty-four children had been diagnosed with ASD and were receiving special education services (e.g., behavioral interventions) prior to their participation. The classification agreement of the ASQ (i.e., sensitivity = 84.38%, specificity = 81.45%) outperformed the other two screening instruments; classification agreement of the SCQ was sensitivity = 70.31% and specificity = 87.33%; and of the ASQ: SE, sensitivity = 82.81% and specificity = 72.40%. Agreement among the questionnaires ranged from moderate to strong as measured by Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. Children diagnosed with ASD had scores below the screening cutoff points, indicating risk, most often on three ASQ domains: (a) communication, (b) gross motor, and (c) personal social. This exploratory study indicated the feasibility of using the ASQ in screening clinics for finding children at risk for ASD, if the ASQ is followed by specific ASD assessments. Design limitations, including a sample of children with ASD already receiving intervention services may explain the somewhat lower sensitivity of the SCQ.
Content Validity Analyses of Qualitative Feedback on the Revised Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System for Infants and Children (AEPS) Test
Authors: Macy Marisa , Bricker Diane , Dionne Carmen , Brown Jennifer Grisham , Johnson JoAnn , Slentz Kris , Waddell Misti , Behm Melissa , Shrestha Heather
Published: January 2016

Early childhood assessment practices, procedures, and tools can lay the foundation for an effective intervention program. The purpose of this article is to report the results of a content validity study conducted on a revision of Assessment, Evaluation, and Programming System for infants and children (AEPS®) Test, a widely used early childhood assessment/evaluation instrument. A panel of early childhood and early childhood special educator experts was assembled and asked to provide qualitative feedback on the content of the revised AEPS Test. Experts were asked to address five specific questions about item content, developmental sequences, and if assessment items represented quality teaching targets for young children. Qualitative results were used to modify items, developmental sequences, and area content.
A Comprehensive and Additive System for Child-Focused Assessment and Evaluation in EI/ECSE
Authors: Bricker Diane , Squires Jane , Xie Huichao
Published: January 2016

One of the more serious problems facing the field of early intervention/early childhood special education is the disconnect between the community programs that offer screening, eligibility determination, curricular assessment (i.e., programmatic assessment), and progress monitoring services. First, we provide definitions of these service components to ensure clarity. Second, the substantial disconnect found between the screening, eligibility determination, curricular assessment, and progress monitoring components in most communities is discussed. Third, an alternative conceptual framework and its rationale are offered. This framework is designed to ensure that information collected is comprehensive, and that information/data gathered during each component serves as the platform for the next component. An example clarifies the application of the framework.