bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Усреднение задачи Дирихле для эллиптических и параболических систем с периодическими коэффициентами
Authors: Meshkova Yulia Mikhailovna , Suslina Tatiana Aleksandrovna
Published: July 2017

Пусть $\mathcal{O}\subset\mathbb{R}^d$ - ограниченная область с границей класса $C^{1,1}$. Пусть $0<\varepsilon\leqslant 1$.
В пространстве $L_2(\mathcal{O};\mathbb{C}^n)$ рассматривается положительно определенный сильно эллиптический оператор
$B_{D,\varepsilon}$ второго порядка при условии Дирихле на границе. Его коэффициенты периодичны и зависят от $\mathbf{x}\varepsilon$. Старшая часть оператора задается в факторизованной форме, оператор включает члены младших порядков. Изучается поведение при $\varepsilon \to 0$ обобщенной резольвенты $(B_{D,\varepsilon}-\zeta Q_0(\cdot/\varepsilon))^{-1}$, где матрица-функция $Q_0$ периодична, ограничена и положительно определена, а $\zeta$ - комплексный параметр. Найдены аппроксимации обобщенной резольвенты по операторной норме в $L_2(\mathcal{O};\mathbb{C}^n)$, а также по норме операторов, действующих из $L_2(\mathcal{O};\mathbb{C}^n)$ в пространство Соболева $H^1(\mathcal{O};\mathbb{C}^n)$, с двупараметрическими оценками погрешности (в зависимости от $\varepsilon$ и $\zeta$).
Обратное преобразование Лапласа позволяет применить «эллиптические» результаты к усреднению решения первой начально-краевой задачи для параболического уравнения $Q_0({\mathbf x}/\varepsilon)\partial_t {\mathbf v}_\varepsilon({\mathbf x},t)=
- ( B_{D,\varepsilon} {\mathbf v}_\varepsilon)({\mathbf x},t)$.
Infrared Thermography: Not a Valid Method to Track Changes in Core Temperature in Exercising Athletes
Authors: Moorman Claude T , Boggess Blake , Stafford Harry , Berkoff David J
Published: July 2017

Purpose:

Field measurement of core temperature typically requires rectal or other invasive, expensive core temperature methods. Infrared (IR) thermography uses a handheld camera to measure surface temperature at discrete locations. We attempted to validate IR thermography against core-temperature capsules for the tracking of core-temperature changes at rest, during exercise, and recovery.

Hypothesis:

Infrared thermography is a noninvasive method to follow changes in core temperature during exercise.

Materials and methods:

Twelve athletes swallowed an ingestible core-temperature (CorTemp) capsule 1-hour prior to exercise. Athletes refrained from drinking for 2 hours prior to or during the study. Temperatures were obtained using both the CorTemp capsule and IR thermography at 10-minute intervals for 30 minutes before exercise, during 30 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, and for 30 minutes of recovery. The temperatures were then averaged for each segment of data collection.

Study design:

Prospective descriptive study.

Results:

Infrared thermography results (rest = 34.7°C C 0.49, exercise = 34.1°C ± 0.77, recovery = 34.6°C ± 0.46) were significantly lower than with the CorTemp capsules (rest = 37°C ± 0.55, exercise = 38.6°C ± 0.47, recovery = 37.7°C ± 0.47) throughout the data collection period. There were no significant correlations between the two measurement methods (rest = 0.22, exercise = 0.07, recovery = 0.59; all p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Infrared thermography is not a valid method to track core-temperature changes during exercise. In addition to IR thermography readings being consistently lower, temperature changes before, during, and after exercise showed wide and inconsistent variability.

Boggess BR, Stafford H, Moorman CT III, Berkoff DJ. Infrared Thermography: Not a Valid Method to Track Changes in Core Temperature in Exercising Athletes. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):46-50.
Stability of Ankle Fracture–dislocations following Successful Closed Reduction
Authors: Zura Robert D , Matson Andrew P , Green Cynthia L , Hurwitz Shepard R
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Following successful closed reduction, the ideal timing of operative fixation for ankle fracture–dislocations is not well understood. We sought to describe the rate at which initial reduction is lost between the Emergency Department (ED) and clinic visits, and to identify factors associated with loss of reduction.

Materials and methods

We identified 30 patients with isolated, closed ankle fracture–dislocations that were successfully reduced and splinted in the ED prior to operative intervention. The maintenance of reduction at follow-up clinic visit was defined as a success, and loss of reduction was defined as a failure.

Results

There were 17 (57%) successes and 13 (43%) failures. When the ratio of posterior malleolus (PM) fracture fragment size to complete articular surface was >0.1, rate of failure was 65% compared with 18% when the ratio was ≤0.1 (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

Ankle fracture–dislocations with a larger PM fracture fragment size may warrant consideration of earlier operative intervention.

Level of evidence

IV, Case Series.

Matson AP, Green CL, Hurwitz SR, Zura RD. Stability of Ankle Fracture–dislocations following Successful Closed Reduction. The Duke Orthop J 2017;7(1):58-63.
Observed trends in ground-level O3 in Monterrey, Mexico, during 1993–2014: comparison with Mexico City and Guadalajara
Authors: Hernández Paniagua Iván Y. , Clemitshaw Kevin C. , Mendoza Alberto
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Here, we present an assessment of long-term trends in O3 and odd oxygen (O3 + NO2) at the industrial Monterrey metropolitan area (MMA) in NE Mexico. Diurnal amplitudes in Ox (AVd) are used as a proxy for net O3 production, which is influenced by the NO2 photolysis rate. No significant differences in the AVd are observed between weekends and weekdays, although the largest AVd values are observed at sites downwind of industrial areas. The highest O3 mixing ratios are observed in spring, with minimum values in winter. The largest annual variations in O3 are typically observed downwind of the MMA, with the lowest variations generally recorded in highly populated areas and close to industrial areas. A wind sector analysis of mixing ratios of O3 precursors revealed that the dominant sources of emissions are located in the industrial regions within the MMA and surrounding area. Significant increasing trends in O3 in spring, summer, and autumn are observed depending on site location, with trends in annual averages ranging between 0.19 and 0.33 ppb yr−1. Overall, from 1993 to 2014, within the MMA, O3 has increased at an average rate of 0.22 ppb yr−1 (p < 0. 01), which is in marked contrast with the decline of 1.15 ppb yr−1 (p < 0. 001) observed in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) for the same period. No clear trend is observed from 1996 to 2014 within the Guadalajara metropolitan area (GMA).
Chemical composition of ambient PM2. 5 over China and relationship to precursor emissions during 2005–2012
Authors: Geng Guannan , Zhang Qiang , Tong Dan , Li Meng , Zheng Yixuan , Wang Siwen , He Kebin
Published: July 2017

Abstract. In this work, we presented the characteristics of PM2. 5 chemical composition over China for the period of 2005–2012 by synthesis of in situ measurement data collected from literatures and satellite-based estimates using aerosol optical depth (AOD) data and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We revealed the spatiotemporal variations in PM2. 5 composition during 2005–2012 and investigated the driving forces behind the variations by examining the changes in precursor emissions using a bottom-up emission inventory. Both in situ observations and satellite-based estimates identified that secondary inorganic aerosols (i.e., sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium; SNA) ranked as the highest fraction of dust-free PM2. 5 concentrations, followed by organic matter (OM) and black carbon (BC). For instance, satellite-based estimates found that SNA, OM, and BC contributed to 59, 33, and 8 %, respectively, of national population-weighted mean dust-free PM2. 5 concentrations during 2005–2012. National population-weighted mean PM2. 5 concentration increased from 63.9 µg m−3 in 2005 to 75.2 µg m−3 in 2007 and subsequently decreased to 66.9 µg m−3 from 2007 to 2012. Variations in PM2. 5 concentrations are mainly driven by the decrease in sulfate and the increase in nitrate. Population-weighted mean sulfate concentration decreased by 2.4 % yr−1 during 2005–2012 (from 14.4 to 12.9 µg m−3), while population-weighted mean nitrate concentration increased by 3.4 % yr−1 during 2005–2012 (from 9.8 to 12.2 µg m−3), largely offsetting the decrease in sulfate concentrations. By examining the emission data from the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC), we found that the changes in sulfate and nitrate concentrations were in line with the decrease in SO2 emissions and the increase in NOx emissions during the same period. The desulfurization regulation in power plants enforced around 2005 has been the primary contributor to the SO2 emission reduction since 2006. In contrast, growth of energy consumption and lack of control measures for NOx resulted in a persistent increase in NOx emissions until the installation of denitrification devices on power plants late in 2011, which began to take effect in 2012. The results of this work indicate that the synchronized abatement of emissions for multipollutants is necessary for reducing ambient PM2. 5 concentrations over China.
Formation of secondary organic aerosol coating on black carbon particles near vehicular emissions
Authors: Lee Alex K. Y. , Chen Chia-Li , Liu Jun , Price Derek J. , Betha Raghu , Russell Lynn M. , Zhang Xiaolu , Cappa Christopher D.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. ﻿Black carbon (BC) emitted from incomplete combustion can result in significant impacts on air quality and climate. Understanding the mixing state of ambient BC and the chemical characteristics of its associated coatings are particularly important to evaluate BC fate and environmental impacts. In this study, we investigate the formation of organic coatings on BC particles in an urban environment (Fontana, California) under hot and dry conditions using a Soot-Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS). The SP-AMS was operated in a configuration that can detect refractory BC (rBC) particles and their coatings exclusively. Using the −log(NOx/NOy) ratio as a proxy for photochemical age of air masses, substantial formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) coatings on rBC particles was observed due to active photochemistry in the afternoon, whereas primary organic aerosol (POA) components were strongly associated with rBC from fresh vehicular missions in the morning rush hours. There is also evidence that cooking related organic aerosols were externally mixed from rBC. Positive matrix factorization and elemental analysis illustrate that most of the observed SOA coatings were freshly formed, providing an opportunity to examine SOA coating formation on rBC near vehicular emissions. Approximately 7–20 wt % of secondary organic and inorganic species were estimated to be internally mixed with rBC on average, implying that rBC is unlikely the major condensation sinks of SOA in this study. Diurnal cycles of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) observed by a co-located standard high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-MS) correlated well with that of SOA coatings on rBC, but their mass spectral characteristics were different from each other. Our results suggest that at least a portion of SOA materials condensed on rBC surface were chemically different from OOA particles that were externally mixed with rBC, although they are both generated from local photochemistry.
Study and mitigation of calibration factor instabilities in a water vapor Raman lidar
Authors: David Leslie , Bock Olivier , Thom Christian , Bosser Pierre , Pelon Jacques
Published: July 2017

Abstract. We have investigated calibration variations in the Rameau water vapor Raman lidar. This lidar system was developed by the Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière (IGN) together with the Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS). It aims at calibrating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) measurements for tropospheric wet delays and sounding the water vapor variability in the lower troposphere. The Rameau system demonstrated good capacity in retrieving water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR) profiles accurately in several campaigns. However, systematic short-term and long-term variations in the lidar calibration factor pointed to persistent instabilities. A careful testing of each subsystem independently revealed that these instabilities are mainly induced by mode fluctuations in the optic fiber used to couple the telescope to the detection subsystem and by the spatial nonuniformity of the photomultiplier photocathodes. Laboratory tests that replicate and quantify these instability sources are presented. A redesign of the detection subsystem is presented, which, combined with careful alignment procedures, is shown to significantly reduce the instabilities. Outdoor measurements were performed over a period of 5 months to check the stability of the modified lidar system. The calibration changes in the detection subsystem were monitored with lidar profile measurements using a common nitrogen filter in both Raman channels. A short-term stability of 2–3 % and a long-term drift of 2–3 % per month are demonstrated. Compared to the earlier Development of Methodologies for Water Vapour Measurement (DEMEVAP) campaign, this is a 3-fold improvement in the long-term stability of the detection subsystem. The overall water vapor calibration factors were determined and monitored with capacitive humidity sensor measurements and with GPS zenith wet delay (ZWD) data. The changes in the water vapor calibration factors are shown to be fairly consistent with the changes in the nitrogen calibration factors. The nitrogen calibration results can be used to correct the overall calibration factors without the need for additional water vapor measurements to within 1 % per month.
In-Flight Calibration of SCIAMACHY’s Polarization Sensitivity
Authors: Liebing Patricia , Krijger Matthijs , Snel Ralph , Bramstedt Klaus , Noël Stefan , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. This paper describes the in-flight calibration of the polarization response of the SCIAMACHY Polarization Measurement Devices and a selected region of its science channels. With the lack of polarized calibration sources it is not possible to obtain such a calibration from dedicated calibration measurements. Instead, the Earth shine itself, together with a simplified Radiative Transfer Model, is used to derive time- and measurement configuration dependent polarization sensitivities. The results are compared to an instrument model that describes the degradation of the instrument as a result of a slow build up of contaminant layers on its elevation and azimuth scan mirrors. This comparison reveals significant differences between the model prediction and the data, suggesting an unforeseen change between on-ground and in-flight in at least one of the polarization sensitive components of the optical bench. The possibility of mechanisms other than scan mirror contamination contributing to the degradation of the instrument will be discussed. The data are consistent with a polarization phase shift occurring in the beam split prism used to divert the light coming from the telescope to the different channels and Polarization Measurement Devices. The extension of the instrument degradation model with a linear retarder enables the determination of the relevant parameters to describe this phase shift, and ultimately results in a significant improvement of the polarization measurements as well as the polarization response correction of measured radiances.
A comparison of 11-year mesospheric and lower thermospheric winds determined by meteor and MF radar at 69 ° N
Authors: Wilhelm Sven , Stober Gunter , Chau Jorge L.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Andenes Meteor Radar (MR) and the Saura Medium Frequency (MF) Radar are located in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E) and operate continuously to provide wind measurements of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. We compare the two systems to find potential biases between the radars and combine the data from both systems to enhance altitudinal coverage between 60 and 110 km. The systems have altitudinal overlap between 78 and 100 km at which we compare winds and tides on the basis of hourly winds with 2 km altitude bins. Our results indicate reasonable agreement for the zonal and meridional wind components between 78 and 92 km. An exception to this is the altitude range below 84 km during the summer, at which the correlation decreases. We also compare semidiurnal and diurnal tides according to their amplitudes and phases with good agreement below 90 km for the diurnal and below 96 km for the semidiurnal tides. Based on these findings we have taken the MR data as a reference. By comparing the MF and MR winds within the overlapping region, we have empirically estimated correction factors to be applied to the MF winds. Existing gaps in that data set will be filled with weighted MF data. This weighting is done due to underestimated wind values of the MF compared to the MR, and the resulting correction factors fit to a polynomial function of second degree within the overlapping area. We are therefore able to construct a consistent and homogenous wind from approximately 60 to 110 km.
Using hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between mountain-front and mountain-block recharge to basin aquifers
Authors: Bresciani Etienne , Cranswick Roger H. , Banks Eddie W. , Batlle-Aguilar Jordi , Cook Peter G. , Batelaan Okke
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Numerous basin aquifers in arid and semi-arid regions of the world derive a significant portion of their recharge from adjacent mountains. Recharge can effectively occur through either stream infiltration in the mountain front zone (mountain-front recharge, MFR) or subsurface flow from the mountain (mountain-block recharge, MBR). While a thorough understanding of the recharge mechanisms is critical for water resource management, distinguishing between MFR and MBR is typically difficult. Here we present a relatively simple approach that uses hydraulic head, chloride and electrical conductivity data to distinguish between MFR and MBR. These types of data are inexpensive to measure, and in many cases are readily available from hydrogeological databases. In principle, hydraulic head can inform on groundwater flow directions and stream-aquifer interactions, while chloride can help to distinguish between different groundwater pathways if the sources have distinct concentrations. Electrical conductivity values can be converted to chloride concentrations using an empirical relationship, and hence can be used in a similar manner to chloride, thereby significantly increasing the data set. The practical feasibility and effectiveness of this approach are tested through the case study of the Adelaide Plains basin, South Australia, for which a wealth of historical groundwater level, chloride and electrical conductivity data is available. Hydraulic head data suggest that streams are gaining in the adjacent Mount Lofty Ranges and losing when entering the basin. They also indicate that not only the Quaternary sediments but also the underlying Tertiary sediments receive significant recharge from stream leakage in the mountain front zone. Chloride data also reveal clear spatial patterns suggesting that MFR dominates recharge of the low salinity groundwater found in the basin. This interpretation is further supported by stream water chloride analysis. This study demonstrates that both hydraulic head and chloride data can be effectively used to distinguish between MFR and MBR.
Temps et récit : un défi pour l'écriture de l'histoire. À propos d'une lecture ricœurienne de Landscape and Memory de Simon Schama
Authors: Řídký Josef
Published: July 2017

Ces cinquante dernières années s’est déroulée une polémique sur la nature du discours historique. Deux approches se sont affrontées, l'une soulignant le rôle de la narration dans l'historiographie, l'autre défendant la prétention de vérité de l'écriture historique. Paul Ricœur est entré dans ce débat avec son œuvre Temps et récit, en proposant une réponse originale à la polémique: selon lui, la narration tout comme l’enquête, sont constitutifs du discours historiographique. Pour pouvoir défendre une telle thèse, Ricœur a dû modifier la perspective du questionnement en vigueur dans l’épistémologie de l’histoire et remettre l'accent sur la notion de temps. Il a donc introduit les termes de tiers-temps, de quasi-récit ou de conscience historique en montrant comment ils peuvent servir de guides dans l'interprétation des œuvres historiographiques. C’est précisément dans cette perspective que la seconde partie de l’article propose une lecture de Landscape and Memory de Simon Schama. Il apparaît alors que lorsqu’on adopte une ligne de lecture ricœurienne, ce livre révèle sa signification profondément temporelle.
Le jugement et sa logique dans la philosophie de Ricœur (Deuxième partie)
Authors: Lacour Philippe
Published: July 2017

Dans cet article, je souligne le lien profond qui relie la philosophie pratique de Ricœur à la question du langage. J’insiste sur le fait que celle-ci donne son unité à celle-là, parce qu’elle en constitue l’axe privilégié, pour des raisons méthodologiques. Je rappelle la définition que Ricœur donne du discours et explique ses différentes dimensions transphrastiques. Je montre ensuite que cette philosophie du langage est soigneusement réinvestie dans une logique du jugement très cohérente, qui sous-tend ses développements épistémologiques touchant les disciplines normatives (éthique, droit, politique). J’insiste tout particulièrement sur la logique du jugement judiciaire.
Los pastores vascos y la guerra de las praderas. Inmigración vasca, industria ganadera y conflictos por las tierras federales en el estado de Nevada, 1890-1934
Authors: Saitua Iker
Published: July 2017

Este artículo analiza los conflictos en torno al pastoreo de tierras públicas en el estado de Nevada durante el primer tercio del siglo XX, que enfrentó a ganaderos bovinos y pastores trashumantes de ovejas, así como los intentos del gobierno federal por mitigarlos y poner orden en las praderas del Oeste. Se propone explicar cómo los ganaderos bovinos intentaron afianzar su posición económica sobre las explotaciones ganaderas más pequeñas, enfrentándose a los ovejeros, de posición social más débil y en su mayoría inmigrantes vascos.
SAÚDE DO TRABALHADOR DE ENFERMAGEM: RESGATE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Barros Vinicius Gomes , Gallasch Cristiane Helena , Remijo Kátia Pontes , Lima Karyme Lucila Jabra , Baptista Patricia Campos Pavan , Felli Vanda Elisa Andres
Published: July 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo resgatar e analisar a produção de conhecimento publicada sobre a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem e de saúde gerada pelos integrantes do Grupo de Estudos Sobre a Saúde do Trabalhador de Enfermagem e Saúde. Trata-se de um estudo documental, descritivo e exploratório, com análise quantitativa dos dados referentes à produção entre 1997 e 2016. Em 20 anos, foram geradas 343 publicações. A análise mostrou o predomínio de publicações de pesquisadores doutores (146; 42,57%), seguidos dos mestres (105; 30,61%) e graduandos (62; 18,08%), sendo a maioria “resumos e resumos expandidos publicados em anais” (172; 50,15%), seguidos de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos (74; 21,57%). A temática “Exposições a cargas de trabalho e/ou Processo de desgaste no Trabalho” foi a predominante, evidenciando os riscos à saúde do trabalhador. Conclui-se que o grupo de pesquisa apresentou produção científica expressiva no período estudado, contribuindo com o avanço do conhecimento científico sobre o tema em foco.
A case of intestinal Behcet’s disease under Adalimumab
Authors: Dulaney David T. , Juakiem Wassem , Cebe Katherine , Paredes Angelo H.
Published: July 2017

Behcet’s disease (BD) is a multisystem mucocutaneous inflammatory condition characterized by recurrent genital and oral ulcers, ocular inflammation, and can involve the gastrointestinal tract. Treatment involves the usage of immunosuppressive agents to control the disease with glucocorticoids utilized for treatment of flares. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors are frequently used to control the disease as well. We present the case of a 40 years old African American female presenting with intestinal BD that was refractory to adalimumab therapy. In conjunction with glucocorticoids, the patient’s intestinal disease was controlled with infliximab therapy. Currently, there have been no studies comparing the efficacy of TNFα inhibitors on the treatment of BD. Future studies are needed to compare the efficacy of TNFα inhibitor agents in the treatment of intestinal manifestations of BD.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 2
Authors: Luo Lesley
Published: July 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Earth Science Research, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017
Improving High-Level Thinking Skills by Development of Learning PBL Approach on the Learning Mathematics for Senior High School Students
Authors: Surya Edy , Syahputra Edi
Published: July 2017

This study aims to improve the ability of high-level thinking by developing learning models based on problems in senior high school students. The type study is research development. The subject of dissemination consists in 3 distric/city in North Sumatera, namely: SMK Negeri 6 Medan, MAN Deli Serdang Distric and SMA Yapim Taruna Langkat Distric, SMA YPK Medan City. Instrument of Collecting data used are observation guidelines, questionnaires, interview guides, students mathematics text books for 11th grade in Senior high school, Teacher’s guide book, instrument of pre-test and post-test. Development of model is adopted from Thiagarajan’s model and Semmel & Semmel’s model. This study has compiled teaching materials in the form of textbooks for students’ and teacher’s guide book that includes the structured steps of solving mathematical problems based on problem solving which can construct high-level thinking. Results of dissemination showed a significant improvement of students’ problem solving ability in three districts/cities in North Sumatra at four schools.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: John Albert
Published: July 2017

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 3 Ahmad Galadima, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, NigeriaAhmet Ozan Gezerman, Yildiz Technical University, TurkeyAmer A. Taqa, Mosul University, IraqAsghari Gul, Comsats IIT, PakistanAyodele Temidayo Odularu, University of Fort Hare, South AfricaChanchal Kumar Malik, Vanderbilt University, USADiego Antonio Alonso, Alicante University, SpainFarkhondeh Fathi, University of Toronto, CanadaGreg Peters, University of Findlay, USAJiajue Chai, Brown University, USAJignasu P. Mehta, Bhavnagar University, IndiaJuan Rafael Garcia, Research Institute on Catalysis and Pertrochemistry (INCAPE), ArgentinaK. Ishara Silva, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, USAKallen Mulilo Nalyanya, Egerton University, KenyaLeiming Wang, Konica Minolta Laboratory, USAMeriem Belhachemi, University of Bechar, AlgeriaMonira Nessem Michael, National institute of standards (NIS), EgyptMustafa Oguzhan Kaya, Siirt University, TurkeyPriyanka Singh, University of Iowa, USAR. K. Dey, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), IndiaRabia Rehman, University of the Punjab, PakistanSaroj Kumar Panda, Research & Development Center, Saudi ArabiaSujan Kumar Sarkar, Ruhr University Bochum, GermanyThirupathi Barla, Harvard University, USAVijay Ramalingam, Columbia University, USAWaseem Hassan, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil     Albert JohnOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of ChemistryCanadian Center of Science and Education
The Role of Human Capital Factors on Poverty in Informal Settlement: Informal Settlement of Sheikh-Hasan, Mashhad City, Iran
Authors: Barati Javad , Soltani Sahar , Froogh-Zadeh Simin , Razaghian Farzaneh
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates the determinants of multi-dimension poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad City. It specially analyzes human capital factors, among factors that influence poverty level. Education, skills, experience and knowledge have important role in promoting income level and in access to sustainable jobs, especially in informal settlements that have lower human capital level than the urban areas other. Mashhad city has most marginal settlements in Iran. Sheikh-Hasan Neighborhood in Mashhad Municipality region 4 has been selected as case study. This study is based on information gathered from household level in 2016 and the ordered logit model is employed to estimate factors influencing urban poverty. Data were obtained from 300 households using the questionnaire Through the Systematic Random technique. Calculation of poverty indexes reveals that nearly 87% of households are below absolute poverty line and 20% of households are below extreme poverty line. Marginal effects show variables of “job stability”, “Ownership”, “Household size” and “Education of household head” have the greatest impact on poverty alleviation. Also, variables of “Education level” and “highest level of education of household members” have positive effect and significant on poverty. Results represent that poverty in informal settlements of Mashhad is strongly linked to factors such as human capital. In addition, with increasing the level of knowledge of household heads and creation of favorable conditions for increasing of the education level of household members can reduce poverty.
Determination Model of Suitable Coastal Transit-Oriented Development Location, Case Study: Paotere, Makassar
Authors: Arief Andi Bachtiar , Yudono Ananto , Akil Arifuddin , Ramli Isran , Rahim Amran
Published: July 2017

Commuter and local society, the users of Paotere local port who took round trip to small islands and other island as well, experienced redundancy of cost, time and travel distance in fulfilling their whole needs at the shore of Makassar. Traveling by using motorized vehicle at the shore of Makassar was taken due to the unavailability of needed goods in the port and its neighborhood within radius 500 meters. This research is aimed at establishing determination model of suitable location for spatial planning of coastal Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) in order to eliminate redundancy of cost, time and travel distance. It applied expert system and spatial analysis method based on geographic information system (GIS). The result showed that the most suitable location for coastal TOD development was in local Port and its neighborhood, it was at some grids, 581-585 and 540-542 within walking radius. Used determination model was determination in which, relied on highest value of the location with supports from its neighborhood location as well and the correlation among; certainty factor, commuter’s activity and local society.
Institutional Structure Models in Implementation of Spatial Planning
Authors: Wiryasa Ngakan Made Anom , Dwijendra Ngakan Ketut Acwin
Published: July 2017

In the implementation of spatial planning involves two components: natural and human, with their interaction. Interaction of the both causes a conflict of interest and will also affect the ecosystem and social system. The spatial plan needs to be regulated as an institution to achieve the spatial orderly. Based on these problems, the purpose of this study was to obtain structural institutional models in the implementation of spatial regulations. Data obtained by depth interviews in 75 (seventy five) interviewees. Data processed by the methods of ISM (Interpretive Structural Model). The conclusions of this research are: (i) the regulation direction which is the task of the government in spatial planning must consider the welfare of the people, the human right, and indigenous peoples rights as outlined in the form of spatial structure plan, spatial pattern plan, and the establishment of strategic areas. Spatial planning will go well in the event orderly. Orderly space will be achieved when people pay attention to the direction of zoning, the direction of licensing, intensive disincentives, the direction of sanctions, minimum service standards and monitoring procedures. (ii) The control and supervision of a government authority that is guided by the spatial structure plan, spatial pattern plan, and the determination of strategic areas as outlined in the form national spatial planning, wich in details contained in the main indication of the development program, land uses, water control, air uses, and spatial planning provincial strtegic areas. (iii) The position of the government in spatial planning, in accordance goverment of the structure beginning with spatial of national planning and thereafter in accordance with the following order: long- term development plan/annual, spatial plans (regency/city), reference of the traditional village, the main indication of the development program, land uses, water control, air uses, and spatial planning provincial strtegic areas.
Investigating Marital Infidelity from the Perspective of Payame Noor and Azad Universities’ Students in Bileh Savar County in 2015
Authors: Alayi Mohsen , Faridi Azam
Published: July 2017

Infidelity is one of the problems which families are involved in and it goes forward to complete separation. Of course, this problem existed long time ago, with this difference that infidelity and polygamy were common categories in families in the past and they were a privilege especially for men. Sometimes, even women themselves were looking for a wife for their husband. However, at the present time, polygamy is not considered as a privilege and value and even women are not willing to share their husband with another woman. This subject has become a problem in families. The research population consisted of students (male and female) of Payame Noor and Azad Universities in Bileh Savar County. All students of Payame Noor University were 500 and students of Azad University were 1000. Since there were no accurate statistics of married students at both universities, and also due to the lack of financial ability and high costs of research analysis, 150 students were randomly selected as the sample of research. Survey research method and questionnaire were used for data collection. Statistical methods were applied in the forms of descriptive statistics (frequency table, percent, charts) and referential statistics (Pearson test, t-test).
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 8
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: July 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 11, No. 8
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Sustainable Agriculture Research, Vol. 6, No. 3
Authors: Lee Joan
Published: July 2017

Sustainable Agriculture Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated.Sustainable Agriculture Research is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/reviewer and e-mail the completed application form to sar@ccsenet.org. Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3Aftab Alam, United StatesAmi Lokhandwala, USABed Mani Dahal, NepalBenedict Jonathan Kayombo, BotswanaBeye Amadou Moustapha, Cote d'IvoireCristina Bianca Pocol, RomaniaGunnar Bengtsson, SwedenIvo Grgic, CroatiaJiun-Yan Loh, MalaysiaKatarzyna Panasiewicz, PolandManuel Teles Oliveira, PortugalMaren Langhof, GermanyMohammad Valipour, IranMrutyunjay Swain, IndiaRabia Rehman, PakistanSait Engindeniz, TurkeySamuel Obae, United StatesShardendu K Singh, United StatesStefano Marino, ItalySuheb Mohammed, United States
WHAT THE BRICKS TELL US FROM A TEMPLE AT BURKHAN KHALDUN MOUNTAINS: CHRONOLOGICAL INSIGHTS FROM pIRIR LUMINESCENCE
Authors: S Saran , S Tengis , B Tsogtbaatar
Published: July 2017

The Burkhan Khaldun Mountains (Mongolia) and its surrounding sacred landscape are associated with Genghis Khan’s birth and burial place as described in “The Secret History of the Mongols”. It was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on 4 July 2015 under the title «Great Burkhan Khaldun Mountain and its surrounding sacred landscape.”This study offered a great opportunity to apply the recently developed post-IR infrared luminescence (pIRIR) approach to feldspar using coarse and polymineral fine grain techniques and determine the manufacturing date of a brick sample associated with the ruins of the Buddhist temple at the Burkhan Khaldun Mountains. Furthermore, the mineralogical composition of different blue-grey colored bricks from various temple buildings such as the Buddhist temples in Karakorum, Dugan in Erdene Zuu and Avargyn Balgas were studied. The original place and date of manufacturing of the bricks was revealed using the pIRIR180 and pIRIR240 from coarse and fine grains from a heated feldspar sample and were 1280±40 AD and 1230±50 AD, correspondingly, which falls into the time period of extensive constructions in Karakorum.
BASICS OF THEORETICAL APPROACHES OF TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES WITH REGULAR TOSSING OF THE GRANULAR MEDIUM
Authors: Eliseev A V , Artyunin A I , Kargapolcev S K , Dimov A V
Published: July 2017

Vibration interaction is used for development of modern technological processes in which required quality of product is provided due to interaction of the granular medium with the vibrating surface. The paper is devoted to development of mathematical models and estimation criteria form of movement, taking into account the effect of unilateral constraints, in dynamic interactions of elements of vibration technological processes as applied to increase the reliability and quality of vibrational machines. The study is focused on the formation of theoretical ideas about the dynamic interactions of a solid body with the vibrating surface based on the development of mathematical models by introducing of additional external forces and elastic ties with unilateral contact, including mathematical models of gapless movement of the compounded solids. In terms of practical applications the task is to develop and to approve experimentally the opportunities of the measuring devices fixing the modes of continuous tossing. According to the research the generalized approach to problems of dynamic synthesis of vibration technology implemented in continuous tossing the introduction of additional forces is developed. The basis of the approach is the introduction of the concept of the function of the gap, allowing to justify the construction of forms of motion of material particles in accordance with certain criteria, reflecting the properties of the trajectories of motion of material particles in the interaction with the vibrating surface. The mathematical models to determine the conditions for the formation of dynamic reactions in the vibrational structure consisting of several interconnected elements, including the possibilities of their pre-pressing by elastic ties and power factors is offered. The measuring device fixing the modes of continuous tossing is developed and experimentally approved.
Features of the structural organization and biomorphology of dominant plant species of Holarctic seas’ coasts along the tidal gradient
Authors: Sergienko Liudmila Alexandrovna , D'yachkova Tamara Yr'evna , Androsova Vera Ivanovna
Published: July 2017

Investigations of the population and biomorphology of dominant species Plantago maritima L. (fam. Plantaginaceae) and Triglochin maritima L. (fam. Juncaginaceae) along the tidal gradient of the coasts of the White Sea are presented. The western coast of the White Sea has been chosen as a sample of Holarctic seas’ coasts. These 2 euhalophyte species represent a group of the allochthonous elements that came from to the Arctic coasts the Middle Asia in the Pliocene-Pleistocene time. In our study, we evaluated structural and functional characteristics of populations of the two species along the tidal gradient. We found that vitality-ontogenetic structure of the populations and their biomorphological characteristics significantly differ depending on the tidal level and substrate structure. The different adaptive peculiarities of these species growing in these habitats were observed. Along the gradient from sea level to the native shore, the biomorphological indexes (number of shoots per plant, number of leaves per shoots, leaves parameters, length of the floriferous stem and spike, dry mass of aboveground shoots of plants) of the Triglochin maritima populations significantly decreased, while the same indexes of the Plantago maritima populations increased. The obtained results show the significant variability of all morphometric parameters of vegetative organs as well as generative features along the tidal gradient of these circumpolar plant species.
Lichen secondary metabolites in Umbilicaria antarctica evaluated by acetone rinsing ( Short Communication )
Authors: Martic Lora
Published: July 2017

Study of the extracts from an Antarctic lichen Umbilicaria antarctica was done using a spectrophotometric approach. Secondary compounds were extracted by acetone rinsing from dried thalli of U. antarctica. The extracts were dried out, and diluted in ethanol. Then, spectral absorbance of the extracts were measured within the wavelength of 190-700 nm. The spectra of the secondary compounds obtained by acetone rinsing (EAR – re-diluted (ethanol) extract gained during acetone rinsing) were compared with those from untreated thalli (control) and ethanol extract from the thalli of U. antarctica that passed acetone rinsing (ART). Spectral absorbance curves of the extracts gained by acetone rinsing were attributed to different prevailing secondary metabolites: usnic acid, lecanoric acid (U. antarctica). Spectral absorption curves of control thalli exbibited similar shape as ART spectral curves, however, the absorbance in the range of 230-310 nm reached higher values in control than in ART. Spectral absorbance curves from ART showed that a part of secondary metabolites still remained in the thalli. Photosynthetic pigments (carotenoids and chlorophylls) remained uneffected by acetone rinsing.
Changes in spectral reflectance of selected Antarctic and South American lichens caused by dehydration and artificially-induced absence of secondary compounds
Authors: Barták Miloš , Hájek Josef , Amarillo Ana Carolina , Hazdrová Jana , Carreras Hebe
Published: July 2017

Recently, spectral characteristics of lichens are in focus because of increasing number of spectral data applications in remote sensing of treeless polar and alpine regions. Therefore, species-specific spectral reflectance indices are measured in lichen species dominating polar ecosystems. Hydration status of the lichen thalli, as well as the presence of intrathalline secondary metabolites - which are UV-B absorbing compounds - both affects the spectral reflectance curves as well as numeric values of spectral reflectance indices. In the present paper, the reflectance spectra in 380-800 nm was measured in selected lichens to assess the effects of full hydration, and to evaluate the influence of secondary metabolites, they were wash out from lichen thalli with acetone (i.e. acetone rinsing) and then the spectra were also measured. For these experiments, Antarctic (Xanthoria elegans, Leptogium puberulum, Physconia muscigena and Rhizoplaca melanophthalma) and Argentinean lichens from mountain regions (Parmotrema conferendum and Ramalina celastri) were used. Changes in several spectral reflectance indices were evaluated and discussed in relation with hydration status and the absence of secondary metabolites. For the great majority of studied lichens, MCARI (Modified Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index) was the most effective index to reflect the changes between dry and wet state of thallus.
First record of a common endolithic lichenized fungus species Catenarina desolata Schting, Sgaard & Elvebakk. from James Ross Island (Antarctic Peninsula)
Authors: Halici Mehmet Gökhan , Güllü Mithat , Barták Miloš
Published: July 2017

Catenarina desolata, a species which was recently described from southernmost Chile is reported from the Antarctica for the first time. Although it was described as lichenicolous, in James Ross Island, many specimens belonging to this species have non lichenicolous habit. The dubious reports of Caloplaca aff. anchonphoenicon from James Ross Island actually belongs to Catenarina desolata. Collections were evaluated using morphological, anatomical and molecular characteristics (nrITS). The morphological and ecological variations of this species are discussed in this paper.
Temperature optima for growth and photosynthetic processes in Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen and cultivated in a temperature gradient
Authors: Bayer Timm , Alba Nıevas Vıals
Published: July 2017

The temperature optimum for photosynthesis and growth of natural populations of Trebouxia erici isolated from an Antarctic lichen (Usnea antarctica) was determined using a long-term cultivation (26 days) at different temperatures. Several chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were used in T. erici cultivated in a liquid medium to assess the effect of cultivation temperature (0, 10, 20 and 30oC). Analysis of time courses of the capacity of photosynthetic processes in PS II (FV/FM), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (FPSII), relative fluorescence decline ratio (RFd), and quenching of background chlorophyll fluorescence (qF0) revealed that optimum temperature is between 10 to 20°C. Biomass production evaluated as a total chlorophyll production after 26 days of cultivation was maximal at 20°C. The results are discussed in relation to the data reported by other literature sources for Trebouxia sp. and other algae isolated from chlorolichens.
A Direção de Arte no Cinema: uma abordagem sistêmica sobre seu processo de criação
Authors: Santos Marcelo Moreira
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo entender o papel do Diretor de Arte dentro de uma produção cinematográfica de caráter ficcional. Tendo como fundamento analítico os teóricos dos sistemas Edgar Morin e Jorge Vieira, o texto nos conduz a uma reflexão sobre o processo de co-autoria, fugindo das simplificações e trazendo a complexidade à poética do cinema. O artigo ainda aborda os aspectos antogônicos e contraditórios de duas metodologias de produção: a) de um lado o burocratizado modelo hollywoodiano fordista-taylorista adotado como parâmetro organizacional em produções cinematográficas no começo do século XX pelo cinema de indústria; b) de outro o modelo elitizado e romântico do “cinema de autor” cuja matriz relega apenas ao cineasta a assinatura de um filme; para depois complexificá-los por meio de parâmetros sistêmicos de análise. O artigo termina expondo o caminho evolutivo encontrado no processo de criação vinculado ao Diretor de Arte e qual seu papel na consolidação da poética cinemática de um diretor de cinema.  Enviado em: 17 de julho de 2016.  Aprovado em: 29 de janeiro de 2017