bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of physiological and physical demands between small-sided games and official matches in youth football players
Authors: Carril-Valdó Jorge J. , Ferrandis Jordi , Claver Fernando , Gil-Arias Alexander , González-Rodenas Joaquín
Published: February 2025

Purpose

This study aimed to compare the physiological and physical demands between two spatial formats of small-sided games (SSGs) and competitive matches in youth football players.

Method

Fifteen U14 sub-elite players were monitored using WIMU PRO™ devices (Huddle, USA) during competition and training. The training involved two 7 vs. 7 SSGs formats: small (SSGs-S; 132 m2 per player) and large (SSGs-L; 232 m2 per player). Variables such as relative maximum heart rate (HRMAX), total distance (TD), high-intensity running distance (HIRD), high-metabolic load distance (HMLD), maximum speed (SpeedMAX), average speed (SpeedAVG), and acceleration distance were evaluated.

Results

Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that players covered more TD, HIRD, and HMLD per minute during SSGs-L than in both competition and SSGs-S (p < .01; effect size [ES] = .81, .76, .73, respectively). Competitive matches showed higher SpeedMAX (p < .01; ES = .93) and SpeedAVG (p < .01; ES = .84) compared to SSGs. Both SSGs formats exhibited higher distances covered in accelerations (> 2 m/s2) than competitive matches (p < .01; ES = .86).

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance for fitness coaches to manipulate pitch size during SSGs to replicate, increase or decrease physiological and physical demands relative to competitive conditions.
Recent aspects of chemical enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Nagy Roland , Hartyányi Máté , Bejczi Rebeka , Bartha László , Puskás Sándor
Published: February 2025

The majority of the world’s current crude oil production comes from mature fields. In addition, the rate of replenishment of reserves produced by new discoveries has been decreasing steadily over the past decades. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the status of CEOR and the opportunities for increasing ultimate recovery factors in reservoirs ranging from extra heavy oil to gas condensate. The review specifically discusses the status of CEOR and the chemicals used. Our aim in this work was to present both traditional and newer chemicals used. The relevant pilot tests were collected, because the literature on these is scarce. The published pilot projects are for the period after 2018. This article also describes chemical EOR opportunities, which also represent new CEOR drivers and challenges, especially economics. Recent CEOR technological developments and future CEOR opportunities will be discussed. State-of-the-art CEOR technologies were presented. This review provides comprehensive information on chemical EOR applications in sustainable energy production. After studying the professional publications, it is clear that CEOR technologies will be increasingly needed in the future.
Immunomodulatory Significance of Mast Cell Exosomes (MC-EXOs) in Immune Response Coordination
Authors: Elieh-Ali-Komi Daniel , Shafaghat Farzaneh , Alipoor Shamila D. , Kazemi Tohid , Atiakshin Dmitrii , Pyatilova Polina , Maurer Marcus
Published: February 2025

Mast cells (MCs) communicate with other cells by direct cell-to-cell interaction, secreting mediators, and releasing exosomes (EXOs). MC-exosomes (MC-EXOs) contain proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), exhibit typical EXO markers such as heat shock proteins, tetraspanins, tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein (TSG101), and ALG-2-interacting protein X (ALIX), and are released constitutively or following MC degranulation. MC-EXOs also have signature MC markers like FcεRI and KIT (CD117), which allows for their identification and comparison with other EXO populations. Following their release, MC-EXOs may interact with the recipient cell(s) directly or be internalized and then release their protein and nucleic acid content. This may contribute to the regulation of immune responses and other biological processes and reprogramming of recipient cells. MC-EXO proteins may integrate and become a functional part of the recipient cell membrane. The mRNA transferred by MC-EXOs is functional and the transfer of exosomal RNA to other MCs results in the expression of donor MC proteins in the recipient MCs. Moreover, MCs may function as the recipients of EXOs that are released by other non-immune and immune cells, altering the secretome of MCs. In this review, we focus on how MC-EXOs modulate the biology of other cells and vice versa; and we highlight the role of MC-EXOs in the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases.
What will justice in the European Union look like in 10 years, and how could the legal professions in the EU innovate together?
Authors: Depasquale Francesco
Published: February 2025

The future of justice will certainly be characterised by the advance and development of artificial intelligence and the ability of the legal world to adapt and adopt such new technologies so as to provide a more efficient and effective outcome to the end users. Collaboration and co-operation among the various stakeholders, both locally and internationally, as well as the sharing of good practices, will certainly ensure that any developments retain, at its core, the fundamental principles of human rights, which are at the core of a just and unbiased judicial process. The article attempts to address these issues, making reference to documents and resources of the CEPEJ.
Spatiotemporal investigation of scaling properties of precipitation using high resolution data
Authors: Ozger Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Natural systems, driven by complex processes, exhibit variations in their behavior across different time scales. These variations often follow power-law relationships, providing valuable insights into the underlying physical mechanisms. This study investigates the scaling and multifractal behavior of precipitation using high-resolution (1-minute) data from nine stations across diverse climatic zones in Istanbul. By using high-resolution data, the study investigates precipitation scaling at sub-daily time scales, which is crucial for understanding short-duration rainfall events and their potential impacts on urban areas like Istanbul. The research employs a combination of spectral scaling, detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), wavelet variance, and multifractal analysis to examine precipitation scaling. The calculated scaling exponents were then compared to identify potential interdependencies. Notably, the multifractal analysis revealed an apparent multifractal character in the precipitation data for all stations. The results of the study indicate that the precipitation data exhibits multifractal characteristics at all stations, with spectral scaling exponents ranging from 0.58 to 0.98 and Hölder exponents tending towards 0.5, indicating weak positive serial correlations. The findings of this research have important implications for various hydrological applications, including the development of intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves and the evaluation of global circulation models (GCMs).
Genetically predicted inflammatory proteins mediate the association between gut microbiota and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Zou Xinyun , Li Dong , Zhang Ling , Shen Jinlan
Published: February 2025

Background

Studies have indicated a potential relationship between gut microbiota and renal cell carcinoma. However, the causal relationship between various types of gut microbiota and renal cell carcinoma, as well as the role of inflammatory protein as mediators, remains unclear.

Methods

This study aimed to identify the relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory protein, and renal cell cancer through a large-scale genome-wide association study (GWAS) utilizing pooled data. We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship among these variables. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was utilized as the primary statistical method. Furthermore, we examined the mediating role of inflammatory protein in the pathway through which gut microbiota influences the development of renal cell cancer.

Results

The analysis revealed 12 positive causal relationships and 15 negative causal relationships between the genetic liability of gut microbiota and renal cell cancer. Furthermore, there were three positive causal relationships and one negative causal relationship between inflammatory proteins and renal cell cancer. There were two axes of relationships in which gut microbiota promote the development of renal cell cancer. through inflammatory proteins acting as mediators.

Conclusions

Gut microbiota and inflammatory protein were causally related to renal cell cancer, and inflammatory protein were intermediary factors in the pathway between gut microbiota and renal cell cancer.
The other side of variant transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: psychosocial experience of members of Portuguese families with late onset of the disease
Authors: Pereira José D. , Santos Andreia , Cisneros-Barroso Eugenia , Anan Intissar , Lemos Marina S. , Paneque Milena
Published: February 2025

This study is the first to explore the psychosocial experience of members of Portuguese families with late-onset variant transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (A-ATTRv-PN). Based on a constructivist worldview, this phenomenological investigation followed a qualitative approach by conducting eight interviews and analyzing qualitative data. The main results suggest that the psychosocial experience of the members of families interviewed is marked by: (a) a delayed awareness of the family disease (viz., in adulthood), (b) psychosocial impacts (viz., emotional and other impacts related to work, parenting, caregiving) experienced and anticipated in an adult phase of the life cycle, and (c) the use of approach strategies (e.g., seeking information about A-ATTRv-PN and seeking social support) and/or avoidance strategies (e.g., avoiding seeking information and talking to others about the condition) with a view to accommodating A-ATTRv-PN in personal and family life. These results differ from the life trajectories of members of Portuguese families with A-ATTRv-PN described previously and extend previous scientific evidence on the psychosocial experience of members of families where the disease typically appears late, contributing to further study on this topic and to the optimization of genetic counseling practices and health policies that respond to the psychosocial needs of members of Portuguese families with late onset of the condition. Future studies should continue to deepen our understanding of the psychosocial experience of this population to improve the clinical response provided to patients, families, and caregivers.
Leveraging FDA Labeling Documents and Large Language Model to Enhance Annotation, Profiling, and Classification of Drug Adverse Events with AskFDALabel
Authors: Wu Leihong , Fang Hong , Qu Yanyan , Xu Joshua , Tong Weida
Published: February 2025

Background

Drug adverse events (AEs) represent a significant public health concern. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug labeling documents are an essential resource for studying drug safety such as assessing a drug’s likelihood to cause certain organ toxicities; however, the manual extraction of AEs is labor-intensive, requires specialized expertise, and is challenging to maintain, due to frequent updates of the labeling documents.

Objective

To automate the extraction of AE data from FDA drug labeling documents, we developed a workflow based on AskFDALabel, a large language model (LLM)-powered framework, and its demonstration in drug safety studies.

Methods

This framework incorporates a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) component based on FDALabel to enhance standard LLM inference. Key steps include (1) selection of a task-specific template, (2) FDALabel database querying, and (3) content preparation for LLM processing. We evaluated the performance of the framework in three benchmark experiments, including drug-induced liver injury (DILI) classification, drug-induced cardiotoxicity (DICT) classification, and AE term recognition.

Results

AskFDALabel achieved F1-scores of 0.978 for DILI, 0.931 for DICT, and 0.911 for AE annotation, outperforming other traditional methods. It also provided cited labeling content and detailed explanations, facilitating manual verification.

Conclusion

AskFDALabel exhibited high consistency with human AE annotation, particularly in classifying and profiling DILI and DICT. Thus, it can significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of AE annotation, with promising potential for advanced AE surveillance and drug safety research.
Personalised screening tool for early detection of sarcopenia in stroke patients: a machine learning-based comparative study
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Juan , Li Yujie , Xian Lihong , Tang Huan , Zhao Xuejiao , Lu Ting
Published: February 2025

Background

Sarcopenia is a common complication in patients with stroke, adversely affecting recovery and increasing mortality risk. However, no standardised tool exists for its screening in this population. This study aims to identify factors influencing sarcopenia in patients with stroke, develop a risk prediction model and evaluate its predictive performance.

Methods

Data from 794 patients with stroke were analysed to assess demographic and clinical characteristics. Variable selection was performed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, followed by multivariate regression analysis. Logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF) and XGBoost algorithms were used to construct prediction models, with the optimal model subjected to external validation. Internal validation was conducted via bootstrap resampling, and external validation involved an additional cohort of 159 patients with stroke. Model performance was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

Seven variables were identified through LASSO and multivariate regression analysis. The LR model achieved the highest AUC (0.805), outperforming the RF (0.796) and XGBoost (0.780) models. Additionally, the LR model exhibited superior accuracy, precision, recall, specificity and F1-score. External validation confirmed the LR model’s robustness, with an AUC of 0.816. Calibration and DCA curves demonstrated their accuracy and clinical applicability.

Conclusions

A predictive model, presented as a nomogram and an online risk calculator, was developed to assess sarcopenia risk in patients with stroke. Early screening using this model may facilitate timely interventions and improve patient outcomes.
A Recommender System of Postgraduate Courses Based on Soft Skills: A Psychometric-inspired Approach
Authors: Pinos Ullauri Luis Alberto , Lebis Alexis , Karami Abir , Vermeulen Mathieu , Fleury Anthony , Van den Noortgate Wim
Published: February 2025

Higher Education is constantly pushing to include soft skills in their curricula. An alternative could be to personalise their curricula so that students could better develop their soft skills. However, there are not many studies that investigate how to personalise the students’ curricula based on their soft skills, especially if we consider multiple soft skills that need development. The aim of the article is to propose a recommender system framework based on soft skills in order to bridge the soft skills gap between the expected proficiency by employers and the actual proficiency of graduates. The approach is illustrated using real data from three cohorts of students that graduated in the years 2021, 2022 and 2023 at a French Higher Education Institution. We use a psychometric modelling approach to predict the soft skills proficiency of students within a genetic algorithm framework. We define three fitness functions and two aggregation methods, with which we can quantify the relevance of a set of courses across 10 different soft skills (e.g., Problem Solving, Leadership). The results show the recommendations to have, on average, a higher fitness than the actual courses taken by the students during the program. Moreover, there is significant evidence that the recommendations would allow the students to satisfy more of the soft skill targets compared to the courses the students actually took.
An in-depth study of dust samples reveals microplastic (MP) contamination in indoor commercial markets
Authors: Bhat Mansoor Ahmad , Gaga Eftade O.
Published: February 2025

Environmental research on marine and terrestrial microplastics (MPs) is widespread compared to indoor MP dynamics. This study analysed indoor dust samples from markets for MP identification, adding to indoor MP pollution studies. The physical characterisation of these samples involved stereomicroscopy, revealing a wide range of MPs, including fibres, fragments, and pellets of various colours, such as black, brown, blue, red, and yellow. The average size of identified MPs was 143.26–4168.6 µm. Under micro-Raman, 120 particles were examined, and 105 MPs were revealed. MPs were categorised into 17 categories: acrylonitrile butadiene, polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and others. These MPs were associated with various indoor sources, such as paints, cosmetics, plastic items, and textiles. The distribution of detected MPs differed between the various indoor market dust samples. SEM–EDX evaluation further showed the elemental composition of the MPs, including common elements like carbon–oxygen and elements associated with additives or environmental contamination, such as silicon, aluminium, iron, sodium, fluorine, and zinc. The presence of these elements suggests diverse sources and potential toxicities of the identified MPs. The findings support indoor dust studies and illuminate marketplace MPs. Due to higher concentrations and sources, widespread indoor MPs may enhance health concerns.
Anti-cancer effect of Thymus vulgaris based synthesized gold nanoparticles in giant macroporous silica: impact on MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Koc-Bilican Behlul , Benarous Samiha , Koca Fatih Dogan , Cansaran-Duman Demet , Sørensen Martin Vinther , Bilican Ismail , Kaya Murat
Published: February 2025

Conventional cancer therapies, while effective, are frequently associated with significant adverse effects owing to their lack of selectivity, impacting both malignant and healthy cells. To address these challenges, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have emerged as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery. Giant macroporous silica (GMS) is a recently developed material, with its drug delivery potential explored in only a single study to date. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) synthesized using Thymus vulgaris (garden thyme) extract were incorporated into GMS, forming GMS-AuNPs. Additionally, AuNPs coated with chitosan (AuNPs@CS) were similarly loaded into GMS, resulting in GMS-AuNPs@CS composites. The synthesized materials were characterized through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The anti-cancer effects of GMS-AuNPs and GMS-AuNPs@CS were assessed against breast cancer cells using real-time cell analysis. Notably, no cytotoxic effects were observed on MCF-12 A normal breast epithelial cells at any of the tested concentrations. GMS-AuNPs demonstrated a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that GMS-AuNPs hold promise as a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
Perspektivische Erweiterung in der Klinischen Ethikberatung: Der Beitrag der Care-Ethik
Authors: Seidlein Anna-Henrikje , Porz Rouven , Kohlen Helen
Published: February 2025

Klinische Ethikberatung als Ansatz der Unterstützung in moralischen Fragen und Konflikten ist ein weit verbreitetes Instrument. Klinische Ethikberatende bedienen sich für die Durchführung von Fallberatungen unterschiedlichster Modelle, denen verschiedene normativ-ethische Theorien zugrunde liegen. Ethische Theorien dienen damit mittelbar als Paradigmata, die das Denken (vor-)strukturieren und den Diskurs leiten. Eine Auseinandersetzung mit der der jeweiligen Methode der Klinischen Ethikberatung zugrunde liegenden Theorie und ihren epistemologischen Vorannahmen ist deshalb nötig.

Ausgehend von der Prämisse, dass in jeder Klinischen Ethikberatung auch Fragen der Vielfalt und Gerechtigkeit eine Rolle spielen, zeigt der Aufsatz, dass diese Aspekte konsequenter als bisher mitgedacht werden müssen. Es wird dargestellt, dass eine um intersektionale Perspektiven erweiterte Care-Ethik diesem Zweck dienlich sein kann, indem sie es ermöglicht, die Komplexität und Vielschichtigkeit moralischer Problemlagen angemessen zu erfassen.

Wir plädieren damit für eine Integration dieser Perspektiven in die in Deutschland gängigen Modelle Klinischer Ethikberatung, um Verzerrungen und epistemische Ungerechtigkeit zu vermeiden, die einem angemessenen Umgang mit den moralischen Fragen und Problemen der Betroffenen und dem Problemlösungsanspruch der Ethikberatenden entgegenstehen.
Mechanical fracture of lattice structures fabricated by selective laser sintering
Authors: Khosravani Mohammad Reza , Bieler Sören , Weinberg Kerstin , Reinicke Tamara
Published: February 2025

The current study is focused on the static and dynamic behavior of different 3D-printed lattice structures fabricated by selective laser sintering (SLS) technique. To this end, body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic lattice structures were designed and printed using polyamide 12 (PA 12) material. A series of compression tests were performed on the lattice specimens under static loading conditions. We used the conventional split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at the impact speed of 12 m/s to determine the dynamic behavior of 3D-printed structures under high strain rate. In experimental practices, a high-speed camera was utilized as non-contact optical technique to document the process from initial impact till the specimen failure. In addition, finite element models were developed to determine the dynamic mechanical response of the lattice models. The experimental results indicated that the compressive strength increased with the loading rate. It confirmed the strain rare sensitivity of the studied PA 12. The results of this study can be employed to enhance the design of 3D-printed lattice structures for their further engineering applications.
Assessing groundwater vulnerability to contamination using the SINTACS model and GIS: a case study at Akoon, Tarkwa-Ghana
Authors: Munko-Abo Yamoa , Philomina Joyceline , Seidu Jamel
Published: February 2025

Even though groundwater constitutes the main water supply sources, it is fraught with challenges of water quality issues such as groundwater contamination in which most of these contaminants are external in origin. Groundwater has been treated as an important source of water supply due to relatively low vulnerability to contamination compared to surface waters. Groundwater in hard- rock aquifers, particularly in mining areas are known to be vulnerable to quality problems that may have serious impact on the human health as reported by Smedley et al. (in: British Geological Survey, Technical Report, WC/95/43. p 122, 1995). For the purpose of this study, the most widely used method for delineating areas where groundwater is more vulnerable to contamination is used which is the SINTACS model with the integration of a computerbased GIS. The SINTACS model uses seven environmental parameters to characterize the hydrogeological setting and evaluate the aquifer vulnerability to contamination. In this study the SINTACS model was applied to a part of Tarkwa specifically at Akoon to generate a vulnerability map for the area. The whole area was classified as medium, high and very high vulnerability zones which were characterized by the rock types of Tarkwa phyllite, Huni sandstone and the Banket series respectively. This suggests that boreholes within the Banket series which is mainly dominated by quartzite is more vulnerable to contamination. From the analysis, depth to water table and effective infiltration inflicted the greatest impact on the intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer.
A comparative analysis of vitrification and two slow freezing methods for gonocyte-containing neonatal calf testicular tissue and subsequent in vitro culture
Authors: Tang Shiyan , Jones Celine , Davies Jill , Lane Sheila , Coward Kevin
Published: February 2025

The cryopreservation of neonatal testicular tissue containing gonocytes is crucial for preserving genetic diversity, advancing research, and developing reproductive technologies. In this study, we investigated three cryopreservation techniques, slow freezing (in which the rate of freezing was controlled or uncontrolled) and vitrification, using neonatal bovine testicular tissues containing gonocytes, followed by in vitro culture to evaluate cell functionality. Vitrification resulted in a significantly lower proportion (19.15 ± 1.82%) of seminiferous tubules with > 70% attachment to the basement membrane in comparison to both the controlled slow freezing group (47.89 ± 10.98%) and the uncontrolled slow freezing group (39.05 ± 4.15%) (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the proportion of seminiferous tubules containing PGP9.5-positive germ cells when compared between the three methods. Comparable densities of germ cells per unit area were observed in the controlled/uncontrolled slow freezing groups and the vitrification group (7.89 ± 1.83, 7.75 ± 1.75, and 7.92 ± 1.23/104 µm2, respectively). In addition, the proportions of Sertoli cells (vimentin-positive) and proliferating cells (Ki67-positive) were similar across the three cryopreservation methods. There were no significant differences in cell membrane integrity and the expression of selected genes when compared between the three cryopreservation groups. Compared to fresh tissue, the uncontrolled slow freezing groups exhibited significantly higher levels of apoptosis (P < 0.05); there was no significant change in the controlled slow freezing and vitrification group. Notably, all in vitro cultures of testicular cells, from both fresh and freeze/thawed tissues, displayed the formation of germ cell colonies. Our data demonstrate that vitrification effectively preserves neonatal bovine testicular tissues containing gonocytes, safeguarding cell membrane integrity, promoting proliferation, and protecting against apoptosis. Collectively, these findings propose vitrification as a promising alternative cryopreservation method for immature testicular tissue (ITT) in clinical applications.
Worst-case reinsurance strategy with likelihood ratio uncertainty
Authors: Landriault David , Liu Fangda , Shi Ziyue
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we explore a non-cooperative optimal reinsurance problem incorporating likelihood ratio uncertainty, aiming to minimize the worst-case risk of the total retained loss for the insurer. We establish a general relation between the optimal reinsurance strategy under the reference probability measure and the strategy in the worst-case scenario. This relation can further be generalized to insurance design problems quantified by tail risk measures. We also characterize distortion risk measures for which the insurer’s optimal strategy remains the same in the worst-case scenario. As an application, we determine the optimal policies for the worst-case scenario using an expectile risk measure. Additionally, we propose and explore a cooperative problem, which can be viewed as a general risk sharing problem between two agents in a comonotonic market. We determine the risk measure value and the optimal reinsurance strategy in the worst-case scenario for the insurer and compare the results from the non-cooperative and cooperative models.
Recommendations for interdisciplinary research collaboration for early career dissemination and implementation researchers: A multi-phase study
Authors: Lane Hannah G. , Allgood Sallie D. , Schexnayder Julie , Bosworth Hayden B. , Baumann Ana A. , Lewinski Allison A.
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Dissemination and implementation (D&I) scientists are key members of collaborative, interdisciplinary clinical and translational research teams. Yet, early career D&I researchers (ECRs) have few guidelines for cultivating productive research collaborations. We developed recommendations for ECRs in D&I when serving as collaborators or co-investigators.

Methods:

We employed a consensus-building approach: (1) group discussions to identify 3 areas of interest: “Marketing yourself” (describing your value to non-D&I collaborators), “Collaboration considerations” (contributions during proposal development), and “Responsibilities following project initiation” (defining your role throughout projects); (2) first survey and focus groups to iteratively rank/refine sub-domains within each area; (3) second survey and expert input on clarity/content of sub-domains; and (4) iterative development of key recommendations.

Results:

Forty-four D&I researchers completed the first survey, 12 of whom attended one of three focus groups. Twenty-nine D&I researchers completed the second survey (n = 29) and 10 experts provided input. We identified 25 recommendations. Findings suggest unique collaboration strengths (e.g, partnership-building) and challenges (e.g., unclear link to career milestones) for ECR D&I researchers, and underscore the value of ongoing training and mentorship for ECRs and the need to intersect collaborative D&I efforts with health equity principles.

Conclusions:

Research collaborations are essential in clinical and translational research. We identified recommendations for D&I ECRs to be productive research collaborators, including training and support needs for the field. Findings suggest an opportunity to examine research collaboration needs among early career D&I scientists, and provide guidance on how to successfully provide mentorship and integrate health equity principles into collaborative research.
Digital & data-driven transformations in governance: a landscape review
Authors: Giest Sarah , McBride Keegan , Nikiforova Anastasija , Sikder Sujit Kumar
Published: February 2025

Data for Policy (dataforpolicy.org), a global community, focuses on policy–data interactions by exploring how data can be used for policy in an ethical, responsible, and efficient manner. Within its journal, six focus areas, including Data for Policy Area 1: Digital & Data-driven Transformations in Governance, were established to delineate the evolving research landscape from the Data for Policy Conference series. This review addresses the absence of a formal conceptualization of digital and data-driven transformations in governance within this focus area. The paper achieves this by providing a working definition, mapping current research trends, and proposing a future research agenda centered on three core transformations: (1) public participation and collective intelligence; (2) relationships and organizations; and (3) open data and government. The paper outlines research questions and connects these transformations to related areas such as artificial intelligence (AI), sustainable smart cities, digital divide, data governance, co-production, and service quality. This contribution forms the foundational development of a research agenda for academics and practitioners engaged in or impacted by digital and data-driven transformations in policy and governance.
Decoloniality, dewesternisation, and the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Dunford Robin
Published: February 2025

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) has been shaped by advocacy from states in the Global South. How should the impacts of this advocacy be understood? This paper argues that whilst Global South and rising-power engagement has shaped R2P, it has not unpicked elements of coloniality that remain embedded in the norm. In placing greater emphasis on state responsibilities to protect over international responsibilities, rising-power advocacy embeds further in R2P a colonial concept of the state which has been mobilised to ward off criticism of the state’s colonial projects in its own peripheries. Moreover, the entrenchment of a colonial concept of the state at the heart of R2P reinforces a diagnosis according to which atrocity crimes occur due to failures within the state in which atrocity takes place. This diagnosis erases the role coloniality plays in the internationalised production of atrocity crimes, whilst also framing outsider states as potential saviours, thereby reproducing colonial saviourisms in R2P. Whilst R2P may be a dewesternised norm, it has thus not been decolonised.
Cuspidal
${\ell }$
-modular representations of
$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$
distinguished by a Galois involution
Authors: Kurinczuk Robert , Matringe Nadir , Sécherre Vincent
Published: February 2025

Let

${ F}/{ F}_0$

be a quadratic extension of non-Archimedean locally compact fields of residual characteristic

$p\neq 2$

with Galois automorphism

$\sigma $

, and let R be an algebraically closed field of characteristic

$\ell \notin \{0,p\}$

. We reduce the classification of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F}_0)$

-distinguished cuspidal R-representations of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$

to the level

$0$

setting. Moreover, under a parity condition, we give necessary conditions for a

$\sigma $

-self-dual cuspidal R-representation to be distinguished. Finally, we classify the distinguished cuspidal

${\overline {\mathbb {F}}_{\ell }}$

-representations of

$\operatorname {GL}_n({ F})$

having a distinguished cuspidal lift to

${\overline {\mathbb {Q}}_\ell }$

.
ESCALATING GROUND RENTS IN RESIDENTIAL LEASES AND CONSUMER PROTECTION
Authors: Bright Susan
Published: February 2025

Escalating ground rents in long residential leases (rents that double or are adjusted by reference to an index at regular intervals) have been described as onerous and can prevent property sales. This article considers whether they are legally enforceable under consumer protection legislation. Although litigation would be needed both to clarify the application of key provisions in the Consumer Rights Act 2015 to ground rent terms, and to take account of the individual lease terms, the article concludes that escalating ground rent provisions may not be binding where the leaseholder is a consumer. Further, if the rent provisions are held to be unfair it would mean that the leaseholder does not have to pay and can recover sums already paid. This conclusion would therefore also weaken the human rights arguments made against the government’s plans to tackle problematic ground rents.
Developing the Countryside: Agricultural Missions, K. L. Butterfield, and Rural Reconstruction in Asia, 1920–50
Authors: Brunner Michael Philipp
Published: February 2025

In the first half of the twentieth century, Protestant internationalism and missions turned their attention to social and economic matters. The 1920/30s saw an agricultural turn that was paralleled by a global discourse on the “improvement” of the rural. While the transformations in Protestant internationalism have been addressed in view of theological, ecumenical, and geopolitical changes, historians have yet to acknowledge the complex interplay of their local and global effects. By focusing on the work of a particular agent in agricultural missions, the International Missionary Council and its rural expert Kenyon L. Butterfield, and their engagement with rural reconstruction in India, China, and Japan, this article argues that impactful schemes necessitated the cooperation of a wide array of actors, from private to state, from foreign missionaries to local Christian and non-Christian communities and activists. Missionary and Christian rural reconstruction in Asia in the interwar period was shaped by forces of nationalism, (anti-)colonialism, and secularization that could benefit, halt, and transform comprehensive schemes. While the impact of missionary rural reconstruction was eventually hampered by its inherently universalist and invasive nature, its drive for professionalization led to manifold cooperations and careers that transitioned well into and in many ways anticipated and prepared a post-World War II development discourse.
The Management of a Territory for Surplus Production: The Example of Fanum Martis (Nord, Northern France)
Authors: Clotuche Raphaël , Derreumaux Marie , Jouanin Gaëtan , Willems Sonja , Yvinec Jean-Hervé
Published: February 2025

Famars (ancient Fanum Martis) is situated in northern Gaul, in the south of the Nervian territory. Large-scale investigations undertaken over the last ten years have enabled in-depth analyses of archaeobotanical, archaeozoological and ceramic data, alongside other artefacts. These analyses have demonstrated the town's management of raw materials yielded by its territory, as well as the processing and redistribution of the finished products on a local and regional scale, and across the whole of northern Gaul. Such settlements were part of the Empire's system for supplying troops and inhabitants with food and materials of all kinds. Although data from perishable or otherwise ephemeral materials are limited, ceramics can act as proxy evidence of the production and distribution of other products. This paper provides an overview of these recent discoveries and places them in the broader context of Roman-period supply networks.
The Teynham Triton and Its Significance to the Funerary Architecture of Roman Kent and Beyond
Authors: Helm Richard , Hobbs Richard , Hayward Kevin , Masefield Robert , Pearce John
Published: February 2025

This article examines the significance of a highly unusual stone statue discovered at Teynham, Kent, depicting a triton and a ketos. It discusses the context of the find in what appears to be a mausoleum complex adjacent to Watling Street. It provides a detailed description of the statue itself, alongside a petrological study, and places this in the context of other depictions of marine deities, particularly of tritons, in Britain and beyond. The article considers how the sculpture might have been placed on the exterior or interior of the tomb. It also discusses the possible occupant of the mausoleum (perhaps a villa owner or sailor), taking into account the possible symbolic value of the triton, either as signifier of afterlife beliefs or biographical achievement, as well as the ritual treatment of the statue after the tomb was dismantled. The wider context of the Teynham mausoleum is then analysed in terms of its location and form in relation to comparable monuments found in south-east England and better preserved tombs on the continent.
The price of creativity: a conjoint experiment in copyrights
Authors: Kantorowicz Jaroslaw , Kantorowicz-Reznichenko Elena , Nahmias Yifat
Published: February 2025

Policymakers around the world are increasingly regulating creators’ (copy)rights in their work. This includes economic rights and moral rights. While the former type of rights is recognized and protected in most jurisdictions, the approach to the latter – moral rights – differs. How allocation and protection of copyrights affects creators’ choices depends on their preferences. Yet, creators’ preferences are almost not researched empirically. This paper uses a conjoint experiment, applied for the first time in this context, on representative samples in the UK (general population and professionals) and the USA (professionals) designed to reveal people’s preferences with respect to different rights derived from copyrights laws. We find that moral rights are valued more than economic rights, yet participants were willing to trade this right. Such findings might suggest reconsidering existing regulations in particularly with regards to the question of whether the right of attribution can and should be “traded”.
Unification of mathematical descriptions of compliant behavior centers with physical realizations of those behaviors
Authors: Huang Shuguang , Schimmels Joseph M.
Published: February 2025

A more intuitive appreciation of spatial compliant behavior can be obtained through analysis and description of the behavior in terms of its centers, specifically the center of stiffness, the center of compliance, and the center of elasticity. This paper investigates the properties of each of these centers. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the coincidence of these centers are identified. A physical appreciation of those compliant behaviors that have coincident centers is obtained in terms of restrictions on the geometry of topologically simple mechanisms that realize those behaviors. The results can be used in the design of compliant mechanisms for robotic manipulation, especially when the compliance is characterized by the location of its center.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of community treatment orders on aggression or criminal behaviour in people with a mental illness
Authors: Kisely S. , Bull C. , Gill N.
Published: February 2025

Aims

There has been concern about violent acts and other criminal behaviour by people with a possible history of mental health problems. We therefore assessed the effects of community treatment orders (CTOs) on self-, third-party-, and agency-reported criminal behaviour when compared to voluntary treatment.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed/Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and criminal justice bibliographic databases for observational or randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CTO cases with controls receiving voluntary psychiatric treatment. Relevant outcomes were reports of violence and aggression or contacts with the criminal justice system such as arrests and court appearances.

Results

Thirteen papers from 11 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine papers came from the United States and four from Australia. Two papers were of RCTs. Results for all outcomes were non-significant, the effect size declining as study design improved from non-randomised data on self-reported criminal behaviour, through third party criminal justice records and finally to RCTs. Similarly, there was no significant finding in the subgroup analysis of serious criminal behaviour.

Conclusions

On the limited available evidence, CTOs may not address aggression or criminal behaviour in people with mental illness. This is possibly because the risk of violence is increased by comorbid or nonclinical variables, which are beyond the scope of CTOs. These include substance use, a history of victimisation or maltreatment, and the wider environment. The management of risk should therefore focus on the whole person and their community through social and public health interventions, not solely legislative control.
Predictive control of musculotendon loads across fast and slow-twitch muscles in a simulated system with parallel actuation
Authors: Nabipour Mahdi , Sawicki Gregory S. , Sartori Massimo
Published: February 2025

Research in lower limb wearable robotic control has largely focused on reducing the metabolic cost of walking or compensating for a portion of the biological joint torque, for example, by applying support proportional to estimated biological joint torques. However, due to different musculotendon unit (MTU) contractile speed properties, less attention has been given to the development of wearable robotic controllers that can steer MTU dynamics directly. Therefore, closed-loop control of MTU dynamics needs to be robust across fiber phenotypes, that is ranging from slow type I to fast type IIx in humans. The ability to perform closed-loop control the in-vivo dynamics of MTUs could lead to a new class of wearable robots that can provide precise support to targeted MTUs for preventing onset of injury or providing precision rehabilitation to selected damaged tissues. In this paper, we introduce a novel closed-loop control framework that utilizes nonlinear model predictive control to keep the peak Achilles tendon force within predetermined boundaries during diverse range of cyclic force production simulations in the human ankle plantarflexors. This control framework employs a computationally efficient model comprising a modified Hill-type MTU contraction dynamics component and a model of the ankle joint with parallel actuation. Results indicate that the closed-form muscle-actuation model’s computational time is in the order of microseconds and is robust to different muscle contraction velocity properties. Furthermore, the controller achieves tendon force control within a time frame below

$ 18\mathrm{ms} $

, aligning with the physiological electromechanical delay of the MTU and facilitating its potential for future real-world applications.
Visibility Analysis of the Sun as Viewed From Multiple Spacecraft at the Sun‐Earth Lagrange Points
Authors: Lee Jinsung , Park Sung‐Hong , Posner Arik , Cho Kyung‐Suk , Ahn Jaemyung
Published: February 2025

Spacecraft equipped with solar telescopes are planned for deployment at various vantage points in the heliosphere to conduct coordinated, multi‐view observations of the Sun and its dynamic activities. We investigate solar visibility using imaging instruments aboard spacecraft stationed at the Sun‐Earth Lagrange points L1, L4 and L5. First, the optimal arrival time for vertical periodic orbits at L4 and L5 is determined on the basis of geometric factors that maximize the visibility of the solar poles and higher latitudes. For different orbits around L1, L4 and L5, we calculate the visibility of the solar surface (i.e., observation days per year) as a function of solar latitude. Additionally, we analyze how the solar limb observed from one Lagrange point aligns with the solar surface visible from the other two points, with a focus on studying solar eruptions like flares and coronal mass ejections. This analysis aims to assess the feasibility of coordinated observations of off‐disk erupting structures and their on‐disk magnetic footpoints. Furthermore, we evaluate the improvement in continuous tracking of solar features, such as sunspots, with multiple spacecraft in various orbital configurations. This tracking helps in studying the long‐term evolution of these features, from emergence to decay. A comprehensive comparison of observations from single (L1), double (L1 and L4), and multiple spacecraft (L1, L4 and L5) is conducted, aiding the design of future space missions involving solar observatories at the Sun‐Earth Lagrange points.
A Newly Identified “Proto‐Kenting Mélange (S. Taiwan)” Represents a Missing Link for a Continuous Early Cretaceous Paleo–Pacific Subduction–Accretion System
Authors: Zhao Qi , Yan Yi , Tonai Satoshi , Dilek Yildirim , Carter Andrew , Clift Peter D. , Wu Jonny , Sibuet Jean‐Claude , Zhang Xinchang
Published: February 2025

Most mélanges in exhumed subduction‐accretion complexes are polygenetic, recording significant information about the nature of geological processes during their formation. Here, we apply micro‐chemical analysis and illite K‐Ar dating to constrain the deformation mechanism and timing of the pervasively sheared scaly matrix in the accretionary complex rocks presently known as “Kenting Mélange” in the Hengchun Peninsula (South Taiwan). Our results reveal that parts of the matrix were formed in Cretaceous (96.7 ± 8.6 Ma and 108 ± 18.4 Ma) due to pressure solution. These new, older matrix ages suggest that the Kenting Mélange, which was considered as Cenozoic and interpreted to have been associated with the subduction of the South China Sea, preserves different primary chaotic units (e.g., mélange and/or olistostrome). Our findings imply the Kenting Mélange is actually polygenetic and allow part of Kenting Mélange that we named the “proto‐Kenting Mélange” to be interpreted as a remnant of a primary mélange, which was mixed and/or juxtaposed in the Cenozoic Kenting Mélange. The block‐in‐matrix fabric with a pervasively sheared scaly muddy matrix, along with the preservation of slightly older oceanic crust blocks, suggests that the proto‐Kenting Mélange is most likely an ocean plate stratigraphy mélange. This unit initially formed near a Paleo‐Pacific subduction margin during the latest Early Cretaceous. Our results reveal a nearly 3000‐km‐long physical archive of latest Early Cretaceous subduction–accretion processes, which took place adjacent to the continental margin of East Asia during the consumption of Paleo–Pacific ocean floor during the latest Mesozoic.