bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans* und Körper
Authors: Rauchfleisch Udo
Published: July 2023

In den 52 Jahren seiner Beschäftigung mit Trans* hat der Autor eine „Verflüchtigung des Körpers“ im fachlichen Diskurs über Trans* beobachtet. Hinweise darauf sind im Bereich der Diagnostik feststellbar, die von der somatisch orientierten Diagnose „Transsexualismus“ (ICD-10) zu den stärker die psychische Dimension thematisierenden Diagnosen „Geschlechtsdysphorie“ (DSM-5) und „Geschlechtsinkongruenz“ (ICD-11) gewechselt hat. Auch der Begriff „Transidentität“ fokussiert mehr auf die psychische Dimension. Diese „Verflüchtigung des Körpers“ stellt auf der einen Seite einen Gewinn dar, da dadurch der Blick auf ein breiteres Feld von Themen, die für trans* Personen sehr wichtig sind, geöffnet worden ist: ihr Leben in einer cis-heteronormativen Mehrheitsgesellschaft und die hier vielfach herrschende Trans*feindlichkeit, die Notwendigkeit, sich mit den Geschlechterrollen auseinanderzusetzen, die spezifische Entwicklung von trans* Personen zu beachten und die Entpathologisierung der Transidentität voranzubringen. Auf der anderen Seite hat die „Verflüchtigung des Körpers“ im Trans*diskurs aber auch zu Verlusten geführt: die Auseinandersetzung mit der Körperlichkeit ist weniger intensiv geführt worden, obwohl sie im Rahmen der körperlichen Transition von großer Bedeutung ist. Geht es doch in diesem Prozess um das Neu-Entdecken des Körpers und der körperlich gelebten Sexualität. Dieser Aspekt ist mit der „Verflüchtigung des Körpers“ im Trans*diskurs weitgehend vernachlässigt worden. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, das Begleitangebot für trans* Personen um die Dimension der Körperlichkeit zu erweitern
Creative destruction in academia: a time to reimagine practices in alignment with sustainability values
Authors: Wassénius Emmy , Bunge Anne Charlotte , Scheuermann Mary K. , Resare Sahlin Kajsa , Pranindita Agnes , Ohlsson Moa , Blandon Abigayil , Singh Chandrakant , Malmcrona Friberg Kristin , Villarrubia-Gómez Patricia
Published: July 2023

Academia has experienced acceleration and expansion in parallel with the Great Acceleration, which has shaped the Anthropocene. Among other pressures, the expectation to be internationally mobile conflicts with many values held by sustainability scholars and results in disillusionment. The changes in the academic system can be seen through the framework of the adaptive cycle, which can help us understand historical parallels and shape the system to better align with sustainability values in future. We hope this piece can contribute to the discussion of the next steps forward to reimagine academia.
Different Approach to Thermodynamic Description of Bi-Te Binary System
Authors: Drzewowska S. , Onderka B.
Published: July 2023

The aim this work was the reinvestigation of phase equilibria in Bi-Te system. The as-cast and long-time equilibrated alloys of Bi-Te binary system were analysed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. The primary solidified phases were identified for as-cast samples. The existence of the four intermetallic phases: Bi2Te3, BiTe, Bi2Te, Bi7Te3 was confirmed. Three of them melt incongruently in peritectic reactions. The model parameters of all phases in this system were assessed by optimization using available data by Calphad method. The stabilisation of these phases in other ternary systems was discussed taking into consideration its future application in thermodynamic description of Ag-Bi-Te ternary system.
Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations
Authors: Shabani Amirhosein , Kioumarsi Mahdi , Plevris Vagelis
Published: July 2023

Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.
Role of mucosal immunity and epithelial–vascular barrier in modulating gut homeostasis
Authors: Di Sabatino Antonio , Santacroce Giovanni , Rossi Carlo Maria , Broglio Giacomo , Lenti Marco Vincenzo
Published: July 2023

The intestinal mucosa represents the most extensive human barrier having a defense function against microbial and food antigens. This barrier is represented externally by a mucus layer, consisting mainly of mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which serves as the first interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Below is placed the epithelial monolayer, comprising enterocytes and specialized cells, such as goblet cells, Paneth cells, enterochromaffin cells, and others, each with a specific protective, endocrine, or immune function. This layer interacts with both the luminal environment and the underlying lamina propria, where mucosal immunity processes primarily take place. Specifically, the interaction between the microbiota and an intact mucosal barrier results in the activation of tolerogenic processes, mainly mediated by FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, underlying intestinal homeostasis. Conversely, the impairment of the mucosal barrier function, the alteration of the normal luminal microbiota composition (dysbiosis), or the imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mucosal factors may result in inflammation and disease. Another crucial component of the intestinal barrier is the gut–vascular barrier, formed by endothelial cells, pericytes, and glial cells, which regulates the passage of molecules into the bloodstream. The aim of this review is to examine the various components of the intestinal barrier, assessing their interaction with the mucosal immune system, and focus on the immunological processes underlying homeostasis or inflammation.
Potential and marketed applications of quasicrystalline alloys at room temperature or above
Authors: Dubois Jean-Marie
Published: July 2023

The discovery of quasicrystals by Shechtman et al. in 1982–84 has revolutionised our understanding of crystals and order in solids. Shechtman was awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2011 to recognize the importance of this breakthrough. Soon after the initial publication, a patent was filed by the author to secure the potential application of these new materials to the fabrication of low-stick surfaces adapted to the industrial production of cooking utensils. Quite a few more patents followed, covering several areas of technological relevance such as low friction, thermal insulation, solar light absorption, etc. The first application failed, although it reached market. Few others never developed to this stage, but also a (very) small number can now be considered as commercially successful. This is especially the case of polymers reinforced with a quasicrystal powder that are especially adapted to additive manufacturing or 3D printing. Also very advanced is the use of a blend of quasicrystalline and complex intermetallic powders to mark and authenticate an object in a way that cannot be counterfeit. The present article reviews the state of the art and outlines the physics behind few technological breakthroughs that are based on quasicrystalline alloys in the areas of mechanical engineering and solid–solid or solid–liquid adhesion. For the sake of brevity, applications in the areas of catalysis, solar and thermo-electric devices are only shortly evoked.

Graphical abstract
How Are Man-Made Changes in Freshwater Flow Related to the Abundance of Juvenile Estuarine Fishes?
Authors: Williams Bethany L. , O’Donnell Patrick M. , Kendall Matthew S. , Winship Arliss J. , Jessen Brita
Published: July 2023

Changes in freshwater flow to estuaries can cause a suite of ecosystem impacts including eutrophication and alterations to plant communities, zooplankton populations, and other biota. In southwest Florida, historical manipulation of freshwater flow due to development, canals, and drainage ditches is pervasive. Because there are estuaries with reduced, increased, and relatively natural freshwater flow, this region presents an ideal system to study how these changes relate to downstream fish abundances. We used a 20-year trawl dataset focused on juvenile and small-bodied fish from three mangrove-lined sub-estuaries with contrasting flow conditions in southwest Florida’s Ten Thousand Islands to identify important environmental and temporal variables influencing fish populations. We used generalized additive models to investigate total fish abundance, species richness, diversity, and the abundances of 23 ecologically, recreationally, or commercially important species and describe their relationships with important environmental and temporal variables. While salinity and temperature had species-specific relationships with fish abundances, seasonality, interannual variability, and sub-estuary were more closely related to fish than salinity and temperature in most cases. Only 8 of 23 species responded most strongly to temperature, and only 1 species responded most strongly to salinity. This suggests that for most species in our study, temporal factors such as timing of spawning and recruitment variability had stronger relationships with the structure of fish populations than changes in freshwater flow. This work quantified how changes in freshwater flow, using salinity as a proxy, may relate to downstream fish abundances and therefore the potential implications of planned watershed restoration that is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan.
Oral Metronomic Chemotherapy in Advanced and Metastatic Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Need of the Hour
Authors: Kumar Naveena A. N. , Dikhit Punit Singh , Jose Anmi , Mehta Vedant , Pai Ananth , Kudva Adarsh , Rao Mahadev
Published: July 2023

Aim

The present review article aims to compile the best available evidence-based data on oral metronomic chemotherapy (OMCT) including its mechanism of action, its utility, and future directions.

Methods

A systematic search was carried out in PubMed database for available English literature from last 10 years between 2011 and 2021. Keyword combinations used were ‘Oral Metronomic chemotherapy for oral cancer, mechanism of action of OMCT, Oral metronomic chemotherapy in India, OMCT in recurrent and palliative treatment of oral cancers.’

Results

Multitudes of studies have been published recently stating the role of OMCT in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the studies with the category of level of evidence required to advocate OMCT as a recognized therapy are still scarce. On careful stratification of these studies, we found that OMCT has a lot to offer in palliative settings, recurrent, and metastatic HNSCC. There is some limited evidence of its role in adjuvant therapy as maintenance and in neoadjuvant setting.

Conclusion

With current evidence, there is a definite role of OMCT in treatment of oral SCC. OMCT can be an alternative in patients who are not tolerable or affordable for standard palliative chemotherapy and also an option for patient who are waiting for surgery. However, results of ongoing and future studies on exact mechanism, indications, and implications of this drug regimen would help in integration OMCT in current standard of therapy.

Graphical abstract
Optical-Switch Raman Spectroscopy for High Throughput Screening
Authors: Lee Seung-Jin , Lee Kwan Hee , Choi Young-Wan , Kim Jun Ki , Choi Woo June
Published: July 2023

Although surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful analytical technique with unbeaten sensitivity, the capabilities of SERS have been not fully utilized in screening applications because throughput of spectrum detection by conventional Raman instruments has been restricted due to their single-point measurement manners. Hence, this paper presents a development of a high throughput Raman screening system that employs a fiber-optic switch and a Raman probe array. In the system, a 785 nm excitation light is directed into the 1 × 8 broadband optical switching device and selectively switched to one of 8 output ports connected to the corresponding Raman probe array to deliver the light to samples under each probe. This optical switching driven probing in sequence allows us to rapidly detect Raman scattering of the multiple (n = 8) samples in array within a short time (~ 28 s) with decent sensitivity (10–7 M). The Raman spectroscopy of the system is validated by comparing the features of Raman spectra obtained from vitamin C tablets with those from a commercial Raman microscope and the detection sensitivity is measured with SERS substrates with different concentrations. Then, feasibility of high throughput screening is tested with a SERS chip array.
Children engaging with partitive quotient tasks: elucidating qualitative heterogeneity within the Image Having layer of the Pirie–Kieren model
Authors: George Lois , Voutsina Chronoula
Published: July 2023

The paper presents findings from a study that examined, through the lens of the Image Having layer of the Pirie–Kieren model, the qualitative characteristics of the images that different children formed when engaging with eight, novel partitive quotient tasks. The Image Having layer is the first point of abstraction within the Pirie–Kieren model. Therefore, this research is significant in aiming to advance theoretical insight into how the notion of child-created images relates to the development of children’s mathematical understanding, in the context of novel for them tasks. This study adopted a qualitative, microgenetic research design and involved nine Year 5 (aged 9–10 years) children. Data based on children’s verbal responses and jottings were collected through multiple trials over eight individual sessions with each child. Analysis of 72 interview transcripts showed that children formed and used a range of different images that varied across tasks but also within the same task. This study provides a nuanced description of qualitative distinctions in the nature of child-created images. It thus reveals varied dimensions of a dynamic process of knowledge development and sense-making. This highlights, for educators, the need to be aware of and adaptive to the varied and dynamic dimensions of knowledge that children draw from, when dealing with novel tasks, and which change as children’s understanding of new mathematical content develops.
Contrasting the mechanical and metallurgical properties of laser welded and gas tungsten arc welded S500MC steel
Authors: Meiabadi Saleh , Nematzadeh Fardin , Kornokar Kianoosh , Mostaan Hossein , ShamsBorhan Mahmoud , Khandan Rasoul , Demers Vincent , Lawrence Jonathan , Moradi Mahmoud
Published: July 2023

S500MC steel is a grade of high-strength
low-alloy steel (HSLA) which is widely used in the automotive industry and for agricultural machinery and equipment. Considering properties of this alloy, selection of the welding process and parameters becomes essential to ensure that HSLA assemblies meet specific service requirements. In this work, mechanical and metallurgical properties of S500MC steel produced by autogenous laser beam welding (LBW) and automatic gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) were compared. Tensile testing, metallography, hardness testing, and fractographic analysis were performed on the welded specimens, revealing that the heat input by these welding processes caused significant microstructural changes within the joints. In LBW samples, the heat input about 10 times lower than that in GTAW produced a finer microstructure, narrower fusion zone width, and smaller heat-affected zone. All fractures of the GTAW specimens occurred in the base metal, while all fractures of the LBW specimens occurred in the weld zone, both regardless of the heat input. GTAW joints exhibited higher mechanical properties (even higher than those obtained in the base metal) as compared to LBW joints.
Atomistic understanding of rough surface on the interfacial friction behavior during the chemical mechanical polishing process of diamond
Authors: Yuan Song , Guo Xiaoguang , Wang Hao , Kang Renke , Gao Shang
Published: July 2023

The roughness of the contact surface exerts a vital role in rubbing. It is still a significant challenge to understand the microscopic contact of the rough surface at the atomic level. Herein, the rough surface with a special root mean square (RMS) value is constructed by multivariate Weierstrass–Mandelbrot (W–M) function and the rubbing process during that the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process of diamond is mimicked utilizing the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF MD) simulation. It is found that the contact area A/A0 is positively related with the load, and the friction force F depends on the number of interfacial bridge bonds. Increasing the surface roughness will increase the friction force and friction coefficient. The model with low roughness and high lubrication has less friction force, and the presence of polishing liquid molecules can decrease the friction force and friction coefficient. The RMS value and the degree of damage show a functional relationship with the applied load and lubrication, i.e., the RMS value decreases more under larger load and higher lubrication, and the diamond substrate occurs severer damage under larger load and lower lubrication. This work will generate fresh insight into the understanding of the microscopic contact of the rough surface at the atomic level.
Asymptotic formulas of the eigenvalues for the linearization of a one-dimensional sinh-Poisson equation
Authors: Aizawa Shuya , Miyamoto Yasuhito , Wakasa Tohru
Published: July 2023

We are concerned with a Neumann problem of a one-dimensional sinh-Poisson equation $$\begin{aligned} {\left\{ \begin{array}{ll} u''+\lambda \sinh u=0 &{} \text {for}\ 0<x<1,\\ u'(0)=u'(1)=0, \end{array}\right. } \end{aligned}$$

u

′
′

+
λ
sinh
u
=
0

for

0
<
x
<
1
,

u
′

(
0
)

=

u
′

(
1
)

=
0
,

where $$\lambda >0$$

λ
>
0

is a parameter. A complete bifurcation diagram of this problem is obtained. We also consider the linearized eigenvalue problem at every nontrivial solution u. We derive exact expressions of all the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, using Jacobi elliptic functions and complete elliptic integrals. Then, we also derive asymptotic formulas of eigenvalues as $$\lambda \rightarrow 0$$

λ
→
0

. Exact eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for a Dirichlet problem are presented without proof. The main technical tool is an ODE technique.
How do project-oriented organizations enhance innovation? An institutional theory perspective
Authors: Sankaran Shankar , Killen Catherine P. , Pitsis Alexandra
Published: July 2023

A project-oriented organization is a hybrid form of organization where a functional hierarchy is augmented with structures to manage projects strategically across the organization. Six project-oriented organizations from diverse industries that emphasize innovation in their strategies were selected for this study. We use the three pillars of institutional theory — regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive — and institutional entrepreneurship to analyze interview data from executive and project, program and portfolio management personnel in the project-oriented organizations to investigate how innovation is facilitated through external influences and internal responses. Our findings indicate that processes and new structures provide effective ways for innovation and, while individuals are important, processes are more effective than individuals at enabling innovation. We put forward some lessons for practice that emerge directly from the findings, including suggestions on improving allocation of resources, a need to focus on processes, reconceptualization of “failure”, and dedicated investment in market knowledge, customer knowledge, performance metrics and flexible governance structures.
Maps on Grassmann spaces preserving the minimal principal angle
Authors: Šemrl Peter
Published: July 2023

Let n be a positive integer and H a Hilbert space. The description of the general form of bijective maps on the set of n-dimensional subspaces of H preserving the maximal principal angle has been obtained recently. This is a generalization of Wigner’s unitary-antiunitary theorem. In this paper we will obtain another extension of Wigner’s theorem in which the maximal principal angle is replaced by the minimal one. Moreover, in this case we do not need the bijectivity assumption.
Descriptive vs. Inferential Community Detection in Networks
Authors: Peixoto Tiago P.
Published: July 2023

Community detection is one of the most important methodological fields of network science, and one which has attracted a significant amount of attention over the past decades. This area deals with the automated division of a network into fundamental building blocks, with the objective of providing a summary of its large-scale structure. Despite its importance and widespread adoption, there is a noticeable gap between what is arguably the state-of-the-art and the methods which are actually used in practice in a variety of fields. The Elements attempts to address this discrepancy by dividing existing methods according to whether they have a 'descriptive' or an 'inferential' goal. While descriptive methods find patterns in networks based on context-dependent notions of community structure, inferential methods articulate a precise generative model, and attempt to fit it to data. In this way, they are able to provide insights into formation mechanisms and separate structure from noise. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Confronting Challenges to Substantive Remedy for Victims: Opportunities for OECD National Contact Points under a Due Diligence Regime Involving Civil Liability
Authors: Buhmann Karin
Published: July 2023

This article examines the under-researched, inter-connected issues of substantive remedy and a role for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) National Contact Points (NCPs) to complement judicial remedy regimes involving civil liability for companies in home-state jurisdictions. Even where access to judicial procedural remedy exists, it need not ensure substantive remedy. Legal and economic resource-based power-disparities between parties can reduce victims’ opportunities to present and argue their case; and courts offer limited substantive remedy options compared with the types listed by the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. The article argues that combining access to NCPs and judicial remedy offers important opportunities to address well-recognized challenges for victims’ access to substantive remedy, especially with strong NCPs. NCPs can operate in ways that courts normally cannot, to help give victims voice and a choice of substantive outcome. The European Union’s Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) proposal serves as a cue for the analysis. However, the issue is relevant for any OECD member or the OECD Guidelines adherent state.
Coastal futures: New framings, many questions, some ways forward
Authors: Spencer Tom , Adams Janine , Le Tissier Martin , Murray A. Brad , Splinter Kristen
Published: July 2023

Although coasts are frequently seen as at the frontline of near-future environmental risk, there is more to the understanding of the future of coastal environments than a simple interaction between increasing hazards (particularly related to global sea level rise) and increasing exposure and vulnerability of coastal populations. The environment is both multi-hazard and regionally differentiated, and coastal populations, in what should be seen as a coupled social–ecological–physical system, are both affected by, and themselves modify, the impact of coastal dynamics. As the coupled dance between human decisions and coastal environmental change unfolds over the coming decades, transdisciplinary approaches will be required to come to better decisions on identifying and following sustainable coastal management pathways, including the promotion of innovative restoration activities. Inputs from indigenous knowledge systems and local communities will be particularly important as these stakeholders are crucial actors in the implementation of ecosystem-based mitigation and adaptation strategies.
COMPUTABLE VS DESCRIPTIVE COMBINATORICS OF LOCAL PROBLEMS ON TREES
Authors: WEILACHER FELIX
Published: July 2023

We study the position of the computable setting in the “common theory of locality” developed in [4, 5] for local problems on

$\Delta $

-regular trees,

$\Delta \in \omega $

. We show that such a problem admits a computable solution on every highly computable

$\Delta $

-regular forest if and only if it admits a Baire measurable solution on every Borel

$\Delta $

-regular forest. We also show that if such a problem admits a computable solution on every computable maximum degree

$\Delta $

forest then it admits a continuous solution on every maximum degree

$\Delta $

Borel graph with appropriate topological hypotheses, though the converse does not hold.
L'aptitude au travail comme heuristique de mérite dans la formation des opinions à l’égard des personnes assistées sociales
Authors: Blanchet Alexandre , Landry Normand
Published: July 2023

Cet article étudie les attitudes des Québécois à l’égard des personnes assistées sociales. Il s'intéresse à la variation du niveau d'aide mensuel que les Québécois sont prêts à leur accorder en fonction du profil de prestataires. L'article vise plus spécifiquement à étudier l'influence de l'aptitude au travail en tant qu'heuristique de mérite structurant l'opinion des Québécois. Nos résultats indiquent que les Québécois sont d'avis que les prestataires de l'assistance sociale devraient recevoir des soutiens mensuels inférieurs à ce qu'ils considèrent être le revenu minimum nécessaire pour couvrir les besoins de base. L'opinion des Québécois quant au niveau adéquat d'aide devant être offerte aux personnes assistées sociales est aussi fortement structurée par la question de l'aptitude au travail et par la perception que les individus sont en contrôle de leur situation. Finalement, la notion d'aptitude au travail se distingue clairement d'une variété d'autres caractéristiques individuelles pouvant influencer les opinions des Québécois.
When did Daimones become Demons? Revisiting Septuagintal Data for Ancient Jewish Demonology
Authors: Reed Annette Yoshiko
Published: July 2023

Recent research on Jewish demonology has been significantly advanced by evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls. In light of these advances, this article revisits the use of daimones and related terms in the Greek translations of Jewish scriptures commonly called the Septuagint (LXX). Against the tendency to conflate these LXX data into one intermediate stage in the development of the demonology of the New Testament, it calls for further attention to the particular dates and translational tendencies in specific LXX texts, as well as further attention to contemporaneous Aramaic and Hebrew sources. Accordingly, it situates the daimones of LXX Deuteronomy, the Greek Psalter, and LXX Isaiah alongside the emergent demonologies in the Aramaic Enoch literature, Jubilees, 4Q560, and 11Q11. Taken together, these sources attest new literary creativity surrounding transmundane powers among Jews in the Hellenistic period, shaped by distinctive concerns that cannot be reduced to a transitional, proto-Christian moment.
Description and phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome in Eulaelaps silvestris provides new insights into the molecular classification of the family Haemogamasidae
Authors: Yang Hui-Juan , Yang Zhi-Hua , Ren Tian-Guang , Dong Wen-Ge
Published: July 2023

In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Eulaelaps silvestris, which parasitizes Apodemus chevrieri, was sequenced and assembled to fill the gap in understanding the molecular evolution of the genus Eulaelaps. The E. silvestris mitochondrial genome is a double-stranded DNA molecule with a length of 14 882 bp, with a distinct AT preference for base composition and a notably higher AT content than GC content. The arrangement between genes is relatively compact, with a total of 10 gene intergenic regions and 12 gene overlap regions. All protein-coding genes had a typical ATN initiation codon, and only 2 protein-coding genes had an incomplete termination codon T. Out of the 13 protein-coding genes, the 5 most frequently used codons ended in A/U, with only 1 codon ending in G/C had an relative synonymous codon usage value >1. Except for trnS1 and trnS2, which lacked the D arm, all other tRNAs were able to form a typical cloverleaf structure; and there were a total of 38 mismatches in the folding process of tRNA genes. Unlike the gene arrangement order of the arthropod hypothetical ancestor, the E. silvestris mitochondrial genome underwent fewer rearrangements, mainly near tRNA genes and control regions. Both the maximum likelihood tree and the Bayesian tree showed that the family Haemogamasidae is most closely related to the family Dermanyssidae. The results not only provide a theoretical basis for studying the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Eulaelaps, but also provide molecular evidence that the family Haemogamasidae does not belong to the subfamily Laelapidae.
The doing/allowing distinction in the divine context
Authors: Kulesa Ryan
Published: July 2023

The theist needs a conception of the distinction between doing and allowing because much of the literature focused on the problem of evil attempts to justify (via theodicy) or defend (via defence) God's allowing evil to occur. I present a counterfactual account of the doing/allowing distinction in the divine context and argue that, even if there are compelling objections to counterfactual accounts of the distinction in the human context, they do not work against such an account in the divine context. The counterfactual analysis to follow will allow the theist to plausibly claim that God does not ever bring about evil, which is crucial to some defences against the problem of evil. I conclude by defending my account against possible objections.
Phenological diversity among sub-tropical moist forest trees of north-eastern India
Authors: Devi Ningthoujam Linthoingambi , Brearley Francis Q. , Tripathi Shri Kant
Published: July 2023

Analysing phenological diversity of tropical trees provides a potential tool to detect climate change effects and devise forest management options. In this study, the leaf phenological activity of 28 dominant tree species in a moist sub-tropical hill forest of north-eastern India was examined for a period of 2 years and related to functional traits (i.e. leaf mass per area (LMA) and wood density (WD)). The peak phase of leaf fall occurred in the cool dry period (November to January) with leaf flush peaking in the pre-monsoon period (February to March), but variation was found between species as influenced by their phenological strategy, i.e. evergreen, leaf-exchanging or deciduous (<4 months leafless). Photoperiod and minimum temperature were the environmental factors most strongly correlated with phenological activity, and the synchrony index within species for both phenophases was 0.81. LMA was less in the deciduous species compared with the evergreen species, whereas WD did not differ. LMA was negatively correlated with the length of deciduousness as well as timing of leaf flush and fall indicating that LMA may be more important than WD in influencing phenological patterns in this forest. The study revealed that the phenological diversity of tropical trees is related to changes in environmental variables and has implication for forest management under changing climate. Further study will help in understanding the phenological response of trees to climatic factors and their potential future changes.
Essential oils and essential oil compounds in animal production as antimicrobials and anthelmintics: an updated review
Authors: Matté Eduardo Henrique Custódio , Luciano Fernando Bittencourt , Evangelista Alberto Gonçalves
Published: July 2023

Several countries have shown an increased prevalence of drug resistance in animal production due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and antiparasitics in human and veterinary medicine. This article aims to review existing methods using naturally occurring essential oils (EOs) and their isolated compounds (EOCs) as alternatives to antimicrobials and antiparasitic compounds in animal production and, consequently, to avoid resistance. The most-reported mechanism of action of EOs and EOCs was cell membrane damage, which leads to the leakage of cytoplasmic content, increased membrane permeability, inhibition of metabolic and genetic pathways, morphologic changes, antibiofilm effects, and damage to the genetic material of infections. In parasites, anticoccidial effects, reduced motility, growth inhibition, and morphologic changes have been reported. Although these compounds regularly show a similar effect to those promoted by traditional drugs, the elucidation of their mechanisms of action is still scarce. The use of EOs and EOCs can also positively influence crucial parameters in animal production, such as body weight gain, feed conversion rate, and cholesterol reduction, which also positively impact meat quality. The application of EOs and EOCs is enhanced by their association with other natural compounds or even by the association with synthetic chemicals, which has been found to cause synergism in their antimicrobial effect. By reducing the effective therapeutical/prophylactic dose, the chances of off-flavors – the most common issue in EO and EOC application – is greatly mitigated. However, there is very little work on the combination of EOs and EOCs in large in vivo studies. In addition, research must apply the correct methodology to properly understand the observed effects; for example, the use of only high concentrations may mask potential results obtained at lower dosages. Such corrections will also allow the elucidation of finer mechanisms and promote better biotechnologic use of EOs and EOCs. This manuscript presents several information gaps to be filled before the use of EOs and EOCs are fully applicable in animal production.
Circularly polarized global navigation satellite systems metasurface antennas in sub-wavelength metallic cavities
Authors: García-Gámez Laura , Bernard Loïc , Sauleau Ronan , Collardey Sylvain , Mahdjoubi Kouroch , Pouliguen Philippe , Potier Patrick
Published: July 2023

Two metasurface-inspired antennas embedded in a metallic cavity are introduced here. They are expected to be integrated on fast moving platforms enduring harsh accelerations and shocks. The metasurface allows enlarging the antenna bandwidth that is intrinsically reduced for small antennas embedded in sub-wavelength metallic cavities. The first one is only 60 × 60 × 20 mm3 (0.23λ1 × 0.23λ1 × 0.08λ1 at the frequency of 1164 MHz) and presents a dual-band behavior, covering both the lower and upper global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) bands (all GNSS bands are covered). It is fed by four probes and a dedicated circuit, ensuring the phase quadrature between adjacent feeds to achieve circular polarization over these two bands. For the second proposed antenna, circular polarization is achieved using two feed points connected to the radiating aperture of size 50 × 50 × 20 mm3 (0.26λ0 × 0.26λ0 × 0.10λ0 at the frequency of 1559 MHz). It covers the E1, L1, B1, and G1 GNSS bands. The numerical results are successfully validated by measurements.
A possible legal framework for the exploitation of natural resources by non-State armed groups
Authors: Askary Pouria , Hosseinnejad Katayoun
Published: July 2023

The law of belligerent occupation permits the Occupying Power to administer and use the natural resources in the occupied territory under the rules of usufruct. This provision has no counterpart in the provisions of humanitarian law applicable to non-international armed conflicts, which may suggest that any exploitation of natural resources by non-State armed groups is illegal. The International Committee of the Red Cross's updated 2020 Guidelines on the Protection of the Environment in Armed Conflict did not touch on this issue, and nor did the International Law Commission in its 2022 Draft Principles on the Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts, where it applied the notion of sustainable use of natural resources instead of usufruct. The present paper aims to fill this gap. It first reviews the development of the concept of usufruct and then studies whether the current international law entitles non-State armed groups with de facto control over a territory to exploit natural resources. By delving into the proposals raised by some commentators to justify such exploitation for the purpose of administering the daily life of civilian populations, the paper advocates for a limited version of this formula as the appropriate lex ferenda. In the final section, the paper discusses how situations of disaster, as circumstances which may preclude the wrongfulness of the act, may justify the exploitation of natural resources by non-State armed groups in the current international legal order.
Meeting Through Music
Authors: Dassa Ayelet
Published: July 2023

Abstract: The current study explores how online music therapy contributes to helping people with dementia and their relationships to their spouses. Fourteen couples participated in eight online music-therapy sessions that also included musical strategies for use between the sessions. A qualitative content analysis of the music therapists’ reports and summaries of the conversations conducted with the caregiver spouses enabled me to observe the couples’ experiences. The findings indicate that the music-therapy sessions enabled the partners to rekindle their relationship as a couple while supporting the caregiver spouse. The guiding and supportive presence of the music therapist was meaningful in this process. Online at-home music therapy for couples can thus be an essential resource for providing extended support to couples.
Can Monitoring Prompts Help to Reduce a Confidence Bias When Learning With Multimedia?
Authors: Hoch Emely , Fleig Katharina , Scheiter Katharina
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Accurate monitoring is important, as it guides subsequent control of learning. With multimedia, learners often overestimate their learning. Retrieval practice provides insight into one’s understanding; still, it might not improve monitoring. In an online experiment with two groups, participants ( N = 146) performed retrieval practice while studying multimedia instructions. We investigated whether monitoring prompts affect metacognitive accuracy, subsequent learning behavior, and performance: One group repeatedly received prompts, whereas a control group did not. After studying, both groups provided metacognitive judgments for a subsequent posttest. As expected, learners in the control group were overconfident about their learning; however, unexpectedly, prompted learners were also overconfident and did not differ from the control group. Nevertheless, prompted learners provided longer answers to retrieval tasks, which increased their posttest performance (indirect mediation). We observed no mediation for learning time or retrieval performance, although retrieval performance did relate to posttest performance. The results suggest that monitoring prompts do not improve metacognitive accuracy per se but might improve learning outcomes by controlling subsequent learning.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Enhance Aqueous Atmospheric Oxidation Ability by Producing Oxygen‐Containing Radicals in Fog Droplets
Authors: Yang Ning , Xie Qiaorong , Zhang Xinxing , Zhong Shujun , Hu Wei , Deng Junjun , Wu Libin , Sheng Ming , Niu Mutong , Liu Dandan , Zhu Jialei , Chen Yong , Duan Jing , Pan Xiaole , Sun Yele , Wang Zifa , Fu Pingqing
Published: July 2023

The surface of atmospheric aqueous aerosol is covered with an organic film. However, there have been limited studies about the photochemical process between the organic coating and aqueous samples such as fogwater, which contains light absorbing brown carbon (BrC). Here, the interactional aging process between unsaturated fatty acids and aqueous samples was performed by laboratory studies and field observations. On the one hand, glycine and alanine were selected as organic nitrogen‐containing compounds to form BrC with carbonyl compounds like glyoxal or methylglyoxal. Oleic acid was induced to form organic peroxy radicals through H‐abstraction by the excited triplet BrC or hydroxyl radical (OH). On the other hand, one type of aqueous formation pathway of Criegee intermediates (CIs) was proposed through the oxidation of oleic acid. CIs may be formed by OH addition to C=C bonds and scavenged by interfacial reactions. Results from ultra‐high resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry show that the synergistic effect of oleic acid and OH may have a higher oxidative capacity than OH. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that oleic acid can improve the aqueous oxidation ability by producing oxygen‐containing radicals. These findings highlight that the formation of free radicals is greatly influenced by photochemical reactions, which further reveal the complexities of fog organic chemistry.
Mineralogy, Morphology, and Emplacement History of the Maaz Formation on the Jezero Crater Floor From Orbital and Rover Observations
Authors: Horgan Briony , Udry Arya , Rice Melissa , Alwmark Sanna , Amundsen Hans E. F. , Bell James F. , Crumpler Larry , Garczynski Brad , Johnson Jeff , Kinch Kjartan , Mandon Lucia , Merusi Marco , Million Chase , Núñez Jorge I. , Russell Patrick , Simon Justin I. , St. Clair Michael , Stack Kathryn M. , Vaughan Alicia , Wogsland Brittan , Annex Andrew , Bechtold Andreas , Berger Tor , Beyssac Olivier , Brown Adrian , Cloutis Ed , Cohen Barbara A. , Fagents Sarah , Kah Linda , Farley Ken , Flannery David , Gupta Sanjeev , Hamran Svein‐Erik , Liu Yang , Paar Gerhard , Quantin‐Nataf Cathy , Randazzo Nicolas , Ravanis Eleni , Sholes Steven , Shuster David , Sun Vivian , Tate Christian , Tosca Nick , Wadhwa Meenakshi , Wiens Roger C.
Published: July 2023

The first samples collected by the Perseverance rover on the Mars 2020 mission were from the Maaz formation, a lava plain that covers most of the floor of Jezero crater. Laboratory analysis of these samples back on Earth would provide important constraints on the petrologic history, aqueous processes, and timing of key events in Jezero crater. However, interpreting these samples requires a detailed understanding of the emplacement and modification history of the Maaz formation. Here we synthesize rover and orbital remote sensing data to link outcrop‐scale interpretations to the broader history of the crater, including Mastcam‐Z mosaics and multispectral images, SuperCam chemistry and reflectance point spectra, Radar Imager for Mars' subsurface eXperiment ground penetrating radar, and orbital hyperspectral reflectance and high‐resolution images. We show that the Maaz formation is composed of a series of distinct members corresponding to basaltic to basaltic‐andesite lava flows. The members exhibit variable spectral signatures dominated by high‐Ca pyroxene, Fe‐bearing feldspar, and hematite, which can be tied directly to igneous grains and altered matrix in abrasion patches. Spectral variations correlate with morphological variations, from recessive layers that produce a regolith lag in lower Maaz, to weathered polygonally fractured paleosurfaces and crater‐retaining massive blocky hummocks in upper Maaz. The Maaz members were likely separated by one or more extended periods of time, and were subjected to variable erosion, burial, exhumation, weathering, and tectonic modification. The two unique samples from the Maaz formation are representative of this diversity, and together will provide an important geochronological framework for the history of Jezero crater.
Dominant Forcing Regions of Decadal Variations in the Kuroshio Extension Revealed by a Linear Rossby Wave Model
Authors: Tamura Yukito , Tozuka Tomoki
Published: July 2023

The Kuroshio Extension (KE) is known to undergo large decadal variations, especially after the 1976/77 climate regime shift. Due to strong ocean‐atmosphere interactions over the KE, the region may be a key region for basin‐scale Pacific decadal climate variability. Although baroclinic Rossby waves are suggested to influence the KE decadal variability, it remains unclear where and how decadal atmospheric forcing anomalies that induce the Rossby waves are generated. Using a linear Rossby wave model forced by reanalysis surface wind stress, the relative contribution of wind stress at each longitude is quantified for the first time. It is shown that the contribution is largest at 160°W, and 40% of the total variance in the decadal KE variability is explained by the wind forcing around 170°–150°W. Further analyses suggest that the atmospheric forcing anomalies are generated by the El Niño/Southern Oscillation Modoki through an atmospheric teleconnection after the regime shift.
Experimental realization of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional Dirac cone systems with inhomogeneous effective mass
Authors: Jia Hongwei , Wang Mudi , Ma Shaojie , Zhang Ruo-Yang , Hu Jing , Wang Dongyang , Chan Che Ting
Published: July 2023

Chiral zeroth Landau levels are topologically protected bulk states. In particle physics and condensed matter physics, the chiral zeroth Landau level plays a significant role in breaking chiral symmetry and gives rise to the chiral anomaly. Previous experimental works on such chiral Landau levels are mainly based on three-dimensional Weyl degeneracies coupled with axial magnetic fields. Their realizations using two-dimensional Dirac point systems, being more promising for future applications, were never experimentally realized before. Here we propose an experimental scheme for realizing chiral Landau levels in a two-dimensional photonic system. By introducing an inhomogeneous effective mass through breaking local parity-inversion symmetries, a synthetic in-plane magnetic field is generated and coupled with the Dirac quasi-particles. Consequently, the zeroth-order chiral Landau levels can be induced, and the one-way propagation characteristics are experimentally observed. In addition, the robust transport of the chiral zeroth mode against defects in the system is also experimentally tested. Our system provides a new pathway for the realization of chiral Landau levels in two-dimensional Dirac cone systems, and may potentially be applied in device designs utilizing the chiral response and transport robustness.