bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antemortem diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Knopman David S. , Boeve Bradley F. , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Smith Glenn E. , Ivnik Robert J. , Josephs Keith A. , Petersen Ronald C.
Published: March 2005

The objective of this article is to study the accuracy of antemortem clinical diagnoses of frontotemporal lobar degenerations (FTLDs). From brain autopsies performed on subjects enrolled in the Mayo Alzheimer Center between 1991 and 2003, cases with neuropathological diagnoses of FTLD were identified. Neuropathological diagnoses of FTLDs were based on consensus criteria for FTLD. The initial clinical histories, neuropsychological test results, brain imaging studies, and initial clinical diagnoses were reviewed. There were 34 pathological FTLD cases among 433 subjects who underwent autopsy; 29 of these 34 cases were diagnosed as FTLD antemortem based on the sum of clinical, neuropsychological, and imaging features (sensitivity, 85%). The specificity was 99%. Among the 34 cases with pathological FTLD, 27 (79%) had clinical histories diagnostic of an FTLD syndrome, 20 (62%) had neuropsychological profiles consistent with FTLD, 17 (50%) had magnetic resonance scans consistent with FTLD, and 7 of 8 who had functional imaging studies had ones consistent with FTLD. In those with incorrect antemortem diagnoses, three were thought to have Alzheimer's disease, one was considered hard to classify, and one was diagnosed with vascular dementia. The antemortem consensus diagnosis of FTLD was moderately sensitive and very specific. With experienced clinicians and awareness of the unique manifestations of FTLD, accurate antemortem diagnosis was feasible. Ann Neurol 2005;57:480–488
Plasma testosterone in male patients with Huntington's disease: Relations to severity of illness and dementia
Authors: Markianos Manolis , Panas Marios , Kalfakis Nikos , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios
Published: March 2005

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms and by a progressive loss among other, of dopaminergic receptors in striatum, cortex, and hypothalamus. Central dopaminergic activity has been implicated in the regulation of sex hormones. Several features of testosterone deficiency, such as reduced muscle mass, depressive mood, and cognitive impairment, are often present in HD patients, but data on their testosterone levels are lacking. We assessed plasma levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH in 42 male patients with HD, confirmed by molecular genetic analysis, and searched for differences from age‐matched healthy male subjects and for relations to CAG repeat number, age, age range, 26 to 76 (mean, 50.7 ± 12.3) years; duration of illness range, 1 to 23 (mean, 6.7 ± 6.3) years; and CAG repeat numbers from 40 to 65 (45.1 ± 3.8). Disease symptomatology was assessed using the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. Testosterone and LH levels of the patients were significantly lower compared to the levels of 44 age‐matched (mean age, 48.9 ± 13.0, range, 26–76 years) healthy men. Severity of illness was negatively related to plasma testosterone levels. Further, low testosterone levels were associated with dementia but not with depression or psychotic features. Clinical studies with selected HD patients are needed to evaluate possible beneficial effects of androgen substitution therapy on cognitive functions, depression, muscle mass and strength, general well‐being, and, eventually, neuroprotective effects. Ann Neurol 2005;57:520–525
Interferon‐β1a therapy in human T‐lymphotropic virus type I–associated neurologic disease
Authors: Oh Unsong , Yamano Yoshihisa , Mora Carlos A. , Ohayon Joan , Bagnato Francesca , Butman John A. , Dambrosia James , Leist Thomas P. , McFarland Henry , Jacobson Steven
Published: March 2005

Human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I)–associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is an immune‐mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. Immune activation in the host, which results from high levels of persistent antigenic stimulation and from transactivation of host immunoregulatory genes by HTLV‐I, appears important in the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. In a single‐center, open‐label trial, 12 patients with HAM/TSP were treated with doses of interferon‐β1a of up to 60μg twice weekly, based on its antiviral and immunomodulatory effects. Primary end points were immunological and virological measures that are potential biomarkers for HAM/TSP. Interferon‐β1a therapy reduced the HTLV‐I tax messenger RNA load and the frequency of potentially pathogenic HTLV‐I–specific CD8+ cells. The HTLV‐I proviral DNA load remained unchanged. Spontaneous lymphoproliferation, a marker of T‐cell activation in HAM/TSP, also was reduced. Some measures of motor function were improved, and no significant clinical progression occurred during therapy. These results indicate that interferon‐β1a may beneficially affect the immune mechanisms central to the pathogenesis of HAM/TSP. Ann Neurol 2005;57:526–534
Normobaric hyperoxia extends the reperfusion window in focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Kim Hahn Young , Singhal Aneesh B. , Lo Eng H.
Published: March 2005

A major limitation in thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is the restricted time window for safe and effective therapy. Any method that can extend the reperfusion time window would be important. In this study, we show that normobaric hyperoxia extends the time window for effective reperfusion from 1 to 3 hours in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Normobaric hyperoxia did not increase cellular markers of superoxide generation or brain levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9. Normobaric hyperoxia may be a clinically feasible adjunct method for significantly increasing the time window for effective thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Ann Neurol 2005;57:571–575
Acute intermittent porphyria presenting as a diffuse encephalopathy
Authors: Maramattom Boby V. , Zaldivar Renzo A. , Glynn Simon M. , Eggers Scott D. , Wijdicks Eelco F. M.
Published: March 2005

Although acute intermittent porphyria presents with dramatic neurological findings, the diagnosis is difficult. An 18‐year‐old woman had a clinical picture of porphyric encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated multiple large contrast‐enhancing subcortical white matter lesions, which regressed with glucose and hematin infusions. Diffusion‐weighted MR imaging was normal, and MR spectroscopy excluded acute demyelination or tissue necrosis. MR findings of acute intermittent porphyria can differ from those in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome by virtue of intense contrast enhancement. Because diffusion‐weighted MR imaging and spectroscopy were normal, the lesions are likely caused by reversible vasogenic edema and transient breakdown of the blood–brain barrier. Ann Neurol 2005;57:581–584
Identification of hippocampus‐related candidate genes for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Taguchi Keiko , Yamagata Hidehisa D. , Zhong Wangtao , Kamino Kouzin , Akatsu Hiroyasu , Hata Ryuji , Yamamoto Takayuki , Kosaka Kenji , Takeda Masatoshi , Kondo Ikuko , Miki Tetsuro
Published: March 2005

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex multifactorial disease in which many genetic and environmental factors are involved. We performed an association study using 376 AD patients and 376 control subjects. We studied 35 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 35 genes that were significantly downregulated or upregulated only in the AD hippocampus compared with control and found that 9 single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with AD. Our data indicated that single nucleotide polymorphisms could highly reflect differences in gene expression. Furthermore, an intronic polymorphism (+9943T/C) in POU2F1 was most significantly associated with AD (p = 0.0007). Our results suggest that POU2F1 is a candidate gene for AD. Ann Neurol 2005;57:585–588
Early onset neuropathy in a compound form of Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Meggouh Farid , de Visser Marianne , Arts Willem F. M. , De Coo Rene I. F. M. , van Schaik Ivo N. , Baas Frank
Published: March 2005

A 2‐year‐old boy presented with early‐onset Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT). His parents had not been diagnosed previously with CMT, but on careful examination they showed clinical signs of CMT and reduced nerve conduction velocities. Genetic analysis identified the boy as a heterozygote for both a peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) duplication and a mutation in the lipopolysaccharide‐induced‐tumour‐necrosis‐factor‐α‐factor (LITAF) gene, whereas each parent only had one mutated CMT gene. This suggests that LITAF mutations can severely affect the CMT phenotype caused by a PMP22 duplication. Ann Neurol 2005;57:589–591
Multiple regions of α‐synuclein are associated with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mueller Jakob C. , Fuchs Julia , Hofer Anne , Zimprich Alexander , Lichtner Peter , Illig Thomas , Berg Daniela , Wüllner Ullrich , Meitinger Thomas , Gasser Thomas
Published: March 2005

α‐Synuclein is considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of both the rare familial and the common sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease. Previous reports primarily have tested the association of α‐synuclein promoter polymorphisms with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, but results are controversial. We first characterized the linkage disequilibrium structure of the α‐synuclein gene region with a dense set of 56 genetic markers and subsequently performed two independent case–control association analyses using tagging markers. We could distinguish two large linkage disequilibrium blocks spanning the α‐synuclein gene. Several markers within the 3′‐block around exons 5 and 6 showed strong association with Parkinson's disease (p = 0.00009). Effects of the associated variants might be mediated by regulatory elements in this highly conserved region or by a frequency shift in a previously described splice variant lacking exon 5. A direct association with promoter polymorphisms could not be replicated in our sample set. A second set of markers in the 5′‐block of the gene were also significantly associated with Parkinson's disease, when young patients and female subjects were analyzed separately. These findings indicate locus heterogeneity for the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease in different genetic or physiological environments, related to sex and age. Ann Neurol 2005;57:535–541
Murine gammaherpesvirus‐68 infection of mice: A new model for human cerebral Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Häusler Martin , Sellhaus Bernd , Scheithauer Simone , Engler Matthias , Alberg Evelyn , Teubner Andreas , Ritter Klaus , Kleines Michael
Published: March 2005

Epstein–Barr virus infection may cause severe neurological complications that are not mirrored by animal models. Here, we show that nasal inoculation of newborn BALB/c wild‐type mice with MHV‐68, a murine gammaherpesvirus, causes cerebral infection with inflammation in 50% of the animals. The inflammatory patterns are strikingly similar to those known from Epstein–Barr virus, including hydrocephalus, meningitis, cerebellitis, focal or diffuse encephalitis, and temporal lobe encephalitis. This offers a new powerful tool to study the virological and immunological characteristics of cerebral gammaherpesvirus infections. Ann Neurol 2005;57:600–603
Commonality of TRIM32 mutation in causing sarcotubular myopathy and LGMD2H
Authors: Schoser Benedikt G. H. , Frosk Patrick , Engel Andrew G. , Klutzny Ursula , Lochmüller Hanns , Wrogemann Klaus
Published: March 2005

Sarcotubular myopathy (OMIM 268950) is a rare autosomal recessive myopathy first described in two Hutterite brothers from South Dakota and in two non‐Hutterite brothers from Germany. We report that sarcotubular myopathy (STM) is caused by mutation in TRIM32, the gene encoding the tripartite motif‐containing protein 32. TRIM32 was found to be the gene mutated in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H [OMIM 254110]), a disorder that has been confined to the Hutterite population. The TRIM32 mutation found in the STM patients is identical to the causative mutation for LGMD2H (D487N), Haplotype analysis shows that the disease chromosomes share common ancestry. Ann Neurol 2005;57:591–595
The metabolic pathology of dopa‐responsive dystonia
Authors: Asanuma Kotaro , Ma Yilong , Huang Chaorui , Carbon‐Correll Maren , Edwards Christine , Raymond Deborah , Bressman Susan B. , Moeller James R. , Eidelberg David
Published: March 2005

We used [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography to determine a discrete cerebral pattern of abnormal glucose utilization in dopa‐responsive dystonia. Network analysis demonstrated that dopa‐responsive dystonia is associated with a specific pattern of regional metabolic covariation, characterized by increases in the dorsal midbrain, cerebellum, and supplementary motor area, as well as reductions in motor and lateral premotor cortex and in the basal ganglia. This pattern was not expressed in mutation carriers for primary torsion dystonia. Dopa‐responsive dystonia has a unique metabolic architecture that differs from other inherited forms of dystonia. Ann Neurol 2005;57:596–600
Convection perfusion of glucocerebrosidase for neuronopathic Gaucher's disease
Authors: Lonser Russell R. , Walbridge Stuart , Murray Gary J. , Aizenberg Michele R. , Vortmeyer Alexander O. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. , Brady Roscoe O. , Oldfield Edward H.
Published: March 2005

Systemic enzyme replacement for Gaucher's disease has not prevented premature death or severe morbidity in patients with a neuronopathic phenotype, because the enzyme does not cross the blood–brain barrier. We used convection‐enhanced delivery for regional distribution of glucocerebrosidase in rat and primate brains and examined its safety and feasibility for neuronopathic Gaucher's disease. Rats underwent intrastriatal infusion and were observed and then sacrificed at 14 hours, 4 days, or 6 weeks. Primates underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging during enzyme perfusion of the right frontal lobe or brainstem, were observed and then sacrificed after infusion completion. Animals underwent histologic and enzymatic tissue analyses. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed perfusion of the primate right frontal lobe or pons with infusate. Enzyme activity was substantially and significantly (p < 0.05) increased in cortex and white matter of the infused frontal lobe and pons compared to control. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated intraneuronal glucocerebrosidase. There was no toxicity. Convection‐enhanced delivery can be used to safely perfuse large regions of the brain and brainstem with therapeutic levels of glucocerebrosidase. Patients with neuronopathic Gaucher's disease and similar central nervous system disorders may benefit from this treatment. Ann Neurol 2005;57:542–548
Die Jagd auf Moleküle, die nie existiert haben: Falsch zugeordnete Naturstoffstrukturen und die Rolle der chemischen Synthese in der modernen Strukturaufklärung
Authors: Nicolaou K. C. , Snyder Scott A.
Published: March 2005

Siehe Originalbeitrag Angew. Chem. 2005, 117, 1036–1069
Macroporous SiCMoSi2ceramics from templated hybrid MoCl5–polymethylsilane
Authors: Wang Hao , Li Xiao‐dong , Kim Dong‐pyo
Published: March 2005

A molybdenum‐containing preceramic polymer, MoPMS, was synthesized for the first time by HCl elimination of polymethylsilane (PMS) and MoCl5at room temperature in tetrahydrofuran. The insoluble MoPMS prepared was embedded into the void spaces of a silica colloidal crystal template within the pot life of the polymer and successfully transformed to a three‐dimensionally long‐range‐ordered macroporous SiCMoSi2ceramic after pyrolysis at 1400 °C in an argon atmosphere followed by template removal in HF. The bead‐inverse macroporous SiCMoSi2ceramic, with a ceramic yield of about 88%, exhibits high temperature stability, high BET surface area, and semiconducting behavior. In addition, the macroporous SiCMoSi2ceramic was used as a catalyst carrier for platinum–ruthenium coated on the surface of the pores. The preceramic polymer and the ceramic were characterized by IR, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and BET surface area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and physicochemical characterization of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes with 1,4‐dimethy‐lhomopiperazine
Authors: Matsunaga Yuki , Fujisawa Kiyoshi , Amir Nagina , Miyashita Yoshitaro , Okamoto Ken‐ichi
Published: March 2005

In order to know the relationship between structures and physicochemical properties of Group 12 metal(II) ions, the complexes with ‘simple’ ligands, such as alkyl cyclic diamine ligand and halide ions, were synthesized by the reaction of 1,4‐dimethylhomopiperazine (hp′) with MX2 as metal sources (M = Zn, Cd; X = Cl, Br, I). The five structural types, [ZnX2(hp′)] (X = Cl (1), Br (2) and I (3)), [ZnX3(Hhp′)] (X = Cl (1′) and Br (2′)), [CdCl2(hp′)]n (4), [{CdCl2(Hhp′)}2(µ‐Cl)2] (4′) and [{CdX(hp′)}2(µ‐X)2] (X = Br (5), I (6)), were determined by X‐ray analysis. The sizes of both metal(II) and halide ions and the difference in each other's polarizability influence each structure. All complexes were characterized by IR, far‐IR, Raman and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopies. In the far‐IR and Raman spectra, the typical ν(MN) and ν(MX) peaks clearly depend on the five structural types around 540–410 cm−1 and 350–160 cm−1 respectively. The UV–Vis absorption band energy around 204–250 nm also reflects each structural type. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Air stable Fe and FeCo magnetic fluids—synthesis and characterization
Authors: Bönnemann H. , Brand R. A. , Brijoux W. , Hofstadt H.‐W. , Frerichs M. , Kempter V. , Maus‐Friedrichs W. , Matoussevitch N. , Nagabhushana K. S. , Voigts F. , Caps V.
Published: March 2005

Thermolysis of Fe(CO)5 and Co2(CO)8, dissolved in tetrahydronaphthalene, in the presence of aluminum trialkyl leads to uniform‐sized Fe or FeCo nanoparticles, respectively. Subsequent treatment with very dilute oxygen forms a shell which protects the metallic or alloyed core of the particles against further oxidation. With the help of surfactants, for instance oleic acid or cashew nut shell liquid, the particles can be peptized in organic solvents like toluene or kerosene, resulting in magnetic fluids with extraordinary magnetic properties. The saturation of magnetization, Ms, of the fluids was determined by specific magnetization. The sizes and structure of the particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, and Moessbauer analysis showed that the core of the particles was metallic or alloyed, respectively. The particle surface termination was studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aluminum alkyls with intramolecularly coordinated oxygen
Authors: Dostál Libor , Jambor Roman , Ru̇žička Aleš , Císařová Ivana , Holeček Jaroslav
Published: March 2005

Organoaluminum alkyls L1AlMe2 (1), L2AlMe2 (2) and L2AliBu2 (3) with O,C,O‐chelating ligands L1 and L2 [L1 = 2, 6‐(MeOCH2)2C6H3 and L2 = 2, 6‐(tBuOCH2)2C6H3] were prepared. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C, 27Al NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis (3). Solution NMR studies indicated the four coordinated aluminum atom and dissociation/association dynamic process in solution of 1–3. The X‐ray diffraction analysis of 3 showed that the aluminum atom is [4 + 1] coordinated with the trans‐trigonal bipyramidal geometry. The reactivity of 2 was investigated. Reactions of 2 with MeOH and I2 resulted in aluminum alkoxide [L2Al(OMe)2 (4)] and iodides [L2AlI2· THF (5) and L2AlI2 (6)], respectively, characterized by elemental analysis, IR and 1H, 13C and 27Al NMR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental abnormalities in rat embryos leading to tibial ray deficiencies induced by busulfan
Authors: Otsuji Miwako , Takahara Masatoshi , Naruse Takuji , Guan Dehong , Harada Mikio , Zhe Piao , Takagi Michiaki , Ogino Toshihiko
Published: March 2005

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the developmental changes associated with tibial ray deficiencies. The aim of this study was to detect cell death, proliferation, and gene expression that result in tibial ray deficiencies.

METHODS

We induced tibial ray deficiencies in rat embryos using a teratogenic agent (busulfan) and observed the developmental changes in 1126 hindlimbs. We performed Nile blue staining, whole mount in situ hybridization for fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) and assessment of cell proliferation by 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxy‐uridine (BrdU)/anti‐BrdU immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

In situ hybridization showed reductions in Fgf8 and Bmp4 expression. Histological examination showed a delay of mesenchymal condensation, increased mesenchymal cell death, decreased mesenchymal cell proliferation, and a reduction in the number of mesenchymal cells. These abnormalities may cause hypoplasia of the limb. Bmp4 expression was markedly reduced in the anterior mesenchyme. Shh was expressed in the posterior mesenchyme. We suggest that the posterior skeletal elements may be fully formed owing to Shh expression, but the anterior skeletal elements may be underdeveloped owing to an intense reduction of Bmp4 expression in the anterior mesenchyme, causing hypoplasia of the tibial ray.

CONCLUSIONS

The combined effects of increased cell death, decreased cell proliferation, reduction of Fgf8 expression, and intense reduction of Bmp4 expression in the anterior mesenchyme may play an important role in the development of tibial ray deficiency induced by busulfan. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative study of SP[6–11] and its analogs using simulated annealing
Authors: Bogár Ferenc , Leitgeb Balázs , Paragi Gábor , Orosz Antal , Penke Botond
Published: March 2005

In this study we compared the steric structures of the bioactive part of substance P (SP[6–11]) and its analogs (NY3460 and pHOPA‐SP5). The molecular dynamics–simulated annealing method was used to explore the conformational space, and the structural differences and similarities of these molecules were identified. For the three peptides, the conformational distributions were represented in Ramachandran density plots. The occurring secondary structural elements of the investigated molecules were identified, namely α‐Helix, type III β‐Turn, γ‐Turn, and inverse γ‐Turn. For SP[6–11] and its two analogs, different intramolecular interactions (H‐bonds between the main‐chain atoms, aromatic–aromatic interactions, and amino–aromatic interactions) that can stabilize the various conformations of the three peptides were investigated. Detailed examination of these intramolecular interactions revealed that H‐bonds between the main‐chain atoms are relevant in the determination and stabilization of the conformer structures of the peptides, while the aromatic–aromatic interactions do not play an important stabilizing role. Furthermore, in the conformers of NY3460 and pHOPA‐SP5, different types of amino–aromatic interactions were identified that contribute to the formation of the various structures of these peptides. For all three molecules, the orientations of the side chains were investigated and the rotamer populations were determined. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers, 2005
Microarray technology for surgeons
Authors: Thompson A M
Published: March 2005

Continuing the Journal's 2005 series of leading articles highlighting areas where laboratory science meets clinical practice, Professor Alastair Thompson of Dundee outlines the present and future prospects for microarray technology.
Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 88–93)
Authors: Bemelman W A , D'Hoore A
Published: March 2005

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website.A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Volatile Organic Compounds from Arctic Bacteria of the Cytophaga‐Flavobacterium‐Bacteroides Group: A Retrobiosynthetic Approach in Chemotaxonomic Investigations
Authors: Dickschat Jeroen S. , Helmke Elisabeth , Schulz Stefan
Published: March 2005

Volatile organic compounds emitted by different marine arctic strains of the Cytophaga‐Flavobacterium‐Bacteroides group were investigated by using a modified closed‐loop stripping apparatus (CLSA). Seven of nine strains emitted volatiles, dominated by methyl ketones, in specific patterns. The methyl ketones were aliphatic saturated, or unsaturated, and comprised 12 to 18 C‐atoms, sometimes with terminal Me branches. They were identified by GC/MS, retention‐index calculations, derivatization with dimethyl disulfide for CC bond location, and GC/FTIR to elucidate their uniform (Z)‐configuration. The proposed structures of all methyl ketones were subsequently confirmed by synthesis, while the absolute configuration of chiral volatiles was elucidated by stereoselective synthesis. From retrobiosynthetic considerations, it was found that strain ARK10267 uses mainly valine, and strain ARK10063 mainly isoleucine for formation of starters for the ketone biosynthesis, which is correlated to fatty acid biosynthesis. Four strains (ARK10223, ARK10044, ARK10141, and ARK10146) use leucine. These separations are supported by phylogenetic affiliations based on 16S rRNA. Strain ARK10255b, in the course of this study found to be not a member of the Cytophaga‐Flavobacterium‐Bacteroides phylum, did not emit aliphatic ketones of medium chain length, but methionine‐derived 4‐(methylsulfanyl)butan‐2‐one and corresponding 4‐(methylsulfanyl)butan‐2‐ol. Most of the compounds described have not been reported previously from nature.
Antioxidant Quinonemethide Triterpenes from Salacia campestris
Authors: Carvalho Paulo R. F. , Silva Dulce H. S. , Bolzani Vanderlan S. , Furlan Maysa
Published: March 2005

A new quinonemethide triterpene named as salacin, has been isolated from the root bark of Salacia campestris in addition to the known pristimerin, maytenin, 20α‐hydroxymaytenin, and netzahualcoyene. Salacin was identified on the basis of NMR‐spectral and mass spectrometric analysis. The free‐radical scavenging activities of the quinonemethide triterpenes salacin (1), pristimerin (2), maytenin (3), 20α‐hydroxymaytenin (4), and netzahualcoyene (5) towards DPPH have been evaluated and showed absorbance variation (ΔA) of 19, 20, 39, 28, 55, and 10%, respectively, having rutin (74% at 50 μM) and BHT (7% at 50 μM) as standard compounds.
Sorption of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc on Sulfur‐Containing Chemically Modified Wastes of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.)
Authors: Horsfall Michael , Spiff Ayebaemi I.
Published: March 2005

We have tested the applicability of regular as well as sulfanylacetic acid (SA) modified fluted pumpkin waste biomass as adsorbents for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ aqueous solutions by means of the batch‐sorption technique. The data revealed that SA modification produces a larger surface area, enhancing the metal‐ion binding capacity of the biomass. The sorption process was examined by means of Freundlich and Langmuir models. The kinetic study showed that the sorption rates can be described by a pseudo‐second‐order process. The rate constants for the control biomass (CB) were 2.2×10−2, 4.4×10−2, and 1.6×10−2 mg g−1 min−1 for Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+, respectively; and the corresponding rate constants for the SA‐modified biomass were 4.0×10−2, 4.7×10−2, and 1.7×10−2 mg g−1 min−1, respectively. Thermodynamic considerations indicated a spontaneous exothermic process, which implies that physisorption is the main mechanism in the sorption process.
Spectrophotometric Determination with a Chromogenic Reagent of Lead in Vegetables
Authors: Kumar Kailasa Suresh , Krishnaiah Lingaladinne , Babu Sunnapu Hari , Suvardhan Kanchi , Swaroop Lokanath B. , Chiranjeevi Pattium
Published: March 2005

A method was developed for the simple, selective, and sensitive spectrophotometric determination of lead in vegetables with synthesized chromogenic reagent 3‐[(2,6‐dibromo‐4‐methylphenyl)diazenyl]‐4,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐[(2,4,6‐tribromophenyl)diazenyl]naphthalene‐2,7‐disulfonic acid (DBMTBA; 1). In 0.25M phosphoric acid medium, which greatly increases the selectivity, lead reacts with DBMTBA to form a 1 : 2 blue complex, which shows maximum absorption at 646 nm. Under optimal conditions, Beer's law is obeyed over the range from 0.09 to 0.8 μg ml−1 Pb2+, and the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.024×105 l mol−1 cm−1. The detection limit and the variation coefficient were found to be 2.09 μg ml−1 and 1.0%, resp. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of lead in vegetables (Solanum melongena fruits, tomato fruits, Ablemoschus esculentus leaves, and Daucous carota leaves) with satisfactory results.
Microbial Transformation of Mesterolone
Authors: Choudhary M. Iqbal , Sultan Sadia , Jalil Saima , Anjum Shazia , Rahman Azhar Abdul , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Atta‐ur‐Rahman
Published: March 2005

The microbial transformation of mesterolone (=(1α,5α,17β)‐17‐hydroxy‐1‐methylandrostan‐3‐one; 1), by a number of fungi yielded (1α,5α)‐1‐methylandrostane‐3,17‐dione (2), (1α,3β,5α,17β)‐1‐methylandrostane‐3,17‐diol (3), (5α)‐1‐methylandrost‐1‐ene‐3,17‐dione (4), (1α,5α,15α)‐15‐hydroxy‐1‐methylandrostane‐3,17‐dione (5), (1α,5α,6α,17β)‐6,17‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylandrostan‐3‐one (6), (1α,5α,7α,17β)‐7,17‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylandrostan‐3‐one (7), (1α,5α,11α,17β)‐11,17‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylandrostan‐3‐one (8), (1α,5α,15α, 17β)15,17‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylandrostan‐3‐one (9), and (5α,15α,17β)‐15,17‐dihydroxy‐1‐methylandrost‐1‐en‐3‐one (10). Metabolites 5–10 were found to be new compounds. All metabolites, except 2, 3, 6, and 7, exhibited potent anti‐inflammatory activity. The structures of these metabolites were characterized on the basis of spectroscopic studies, and the structure of 5 was also determined by single‐crystal X‐ray‐diffraction analysis.
Cancer Chemopreventive Activity of Lupane‐ and Oleanane‐Type Triterpenoids from the Cones of Liquidamber styraciflua
Authors: Fukuda Yuko , Sakai Kuniyoshi , Matsunaga Shunyo , Tokuda Harukuni , Tanaka Reiko
Published: March 2005

In a search for cancer chemopreventive agents from natural sources, four lupane‐type and seven oleanane‐type triterpenoids, and ten synthetic analogs were screened as potential anti‐tumor promoters by using the in vitro short‐term 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐induced Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) activation assay. Among them, 25‐acetoxy‐3α‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (1) and 3β,25‐epoxy‐3α‐hydroxylup‐20(29)‐en‐28‐oic acid (2) were examined for anti‐tumor promoting activity in a two‐stage carcinogenesis assay on mouse skin with 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and TPA as promoter. 25‐Acetoxy‐3α‐hydroxyolean‐12‐en‐28‐oic acid (1) and 3β,25‐epoxy‐3α‐hydroxylup‐20(29)‐en‐28‐oic acid (2) showed moderate inhibitory activities.
Urea and Thiourea Derivatives as Low Molecular‐Mass Organogelators
Authors: George Mathew , Tan Grace , John Vijay T. , Weiss Richard G.
Published: March 2005

The properties of a series of organogels consisting of a urea or thiourea derivative with one or two n‐alkyl substitutuents at the nitrogen atoms (a low molecular‐mass organogelator (LMOG)) and an organic liquid are described. They include N,N′‐dimethylurea, the LMOG of lowest molecular mass (MW 88) we are aware of. The efficiencies of the LMOGs, based the diversity of liquids gelated, the minimum amount required for gelation of a liquid at room temperature, and the temporal and thermal stabilities of the gels formed, have been investigated as a function of the number, length, and substitution pattern of their n‐alkyl chains. The gels are thermally reversible and require generally very low concentrations (<2 wt %) of an LMOG. Some of the LMOGs with shorter chains are more efficient than their longer chained analogues. The structural and thermodynamic properties of the gels have been examined by IR, DSC, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. Polarizing optical microscopic analyses of the gels show that the nature of gelator aggregates depends mainly on the alkyl chain length. Changes in the aggregation ability have been examined systematically by perturbing the molecular structure.
Oxygen Atom Transfer in Models for Molybdenum Enzymes: Isolation and Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Studies of Intermediates in Oxygen Atom Transfer from Molybdenum(VI) to Phosphorus(III)
Authors: Millar Andrew J. , Doonan Christian J. , Smith Paul D. , Nemykin Victor N. , Basu Partha , Young Charles G.
Published: March 2005

Intermediates in the oxygen atom transfer from MoVI to PIII, [TpiPrMoOX(OPR3)] (TpiPr=hydrotris(3‐isopropylpyrazol‐1‐yl)borate; X=Cl−, phenolates, thiolates), have been isolated from the reactions of [TpiPrMoO2X] with phosphines (PEt3, PMePh2, PPh3). The green, diamagnetic oxomolybdenum(IV) complexes possess local C1 symmetry (by NMR spectroscopy) and exhibit IR bands assigned to ν(MoO) (approximately 950 cm−1) and ν(PO) (1140–1083 cm−1) vibrations. The X‐ray crystal structures of [TpiPrMoOX(OPEt3)] (X=OC6H4‐2‐sBu, SnBu), [TpiPrMoO(OPh)(OPMePh2)], and [TpiPrMoOCl(OPPh3)] have been determined. The monomeric complexes exhibit distorted octahedral geometries, with coordination spheres composed of tridentate fac‐TpiPr and mutually cis monodentate terminal oxo, phosphoryl (phosphine oxide), and monoanionic X ligands. The electronic structures and stabilities of the complexes have been probed by computational methods, with the three‐dimensional energy surfaces confirming the existence of a low‐energy steric pocket that restricts the conformational freedom of the phosphoryl ligand and inhibits complete oxygen atom transfer. The reactivity of the complexes is also briefly described.
Diphenylamino End‐Capped Oligofluorenes with Enhanced Functional Properties for Blue Light Emission: Synthesis and Structure–Property Relationships
Authors: Li Zhong Hui , Wong Man Shing , Tao Ye , Lu Jianping
Published: March 2005

A novel series of monodisperse asymmetrically and symmetrically substituted diphenylamino end‐capped oligofluorenes, OF(2)‐NPhR, R = H or An (An = 9‐anthryl) and OF(n)‐NPh, n = 2–4, has been synthesized by a convergent approach using palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki cross‐coupling. End‐capping of oligofluorenes with diphenylamino group(s) has been shown to offer advantages in terms of lowering their first ionization potentials, enhancing thermal stability, and inducing good amorphous morphological stability. By tuning the number of diphenylamino end‐caps and the chain length, the optimal conjugated length for optical and luminescence properties has been determined. Of all the hitherto reported oligofluorenes capable of serving as non‐doped blue emitters, OF(3)‐NPh, with an optimal conjugated length, exhibits some of the best hole‐transport and blue‐emitting properties. A maximum luminance of 7500 cd m−2 and a luminance efficiency up to 1.8 cd A−1 have been achieved.
Significant Enhancement of the Stille Reaction with a New Combination of Reagents—Copper(I) Iodide with Cesium Fluoride
Authors: Mee Simon P. H. , Lee Victor , Baldwin Jack E.
Published: March 2005

The combination of copper(I) iodide and cesium fluoride significantly enhances the Stille reaction. After extensive optimisation, a variety of electronically unfavourable and sterically hindered substrates were coupled in very high yields under mild conditions.
Exploring SmBr2‐, SmI2‐, and YbI2‐Mediated Reactions Assisted by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Dahlén Anders , Prasad Edamana , Flowers Robert A. , Hilmersson Göran
Published: March 2005

The use of microwave heating in lanthanide(II) halide (LnX2=SmBr2, SmI2, and YbI2) mediated reduction and coupling reactions has been investigated for a variety of functional groups including α,β‐unsaturated esters, aldehydes, ketones, imines, and alkyl halides. Good to quantitative transformations were obtained within a few minutes without the addition of any co‐solvents, such as hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA). The redox potential of YbI2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) has been determined as −1.02±0.05 V (versus Ag/AgNO3) by cyclic voltammetry. A large selectivity difference in various reactions was observed depending on the redox potential of the LnX2 reagent. The more powerful reductant, SmBr2, afforded mainly pinacol‐coupling products of ketones whereas the weaker reductant YbI2 afforded mainly reduction products. The results indicate that the reducing power of LnX2 has a large impact on not only the pinacol coupling/reduction product ratio of ketones but also on other substrates in which there are competing coupling and reduction reactions. The use of in situ generated LnX2 has also been explored and proven useful in many of these reactions.
Working with Families: Messages for Policy and Practice from an Evaluation of a School‐based Project
Authors: Featherstone Brid , Manby Martin
Published: March 2005

In 2002 the authors evaluated a family support project known as Working with Families managed by the Children's Society and located in a primary school on a large, mainly white council estate in Rochdale. Our reflections on some of the issues which emerged in relation to basing family support services in a school setting seem timely in the light of the apparent growth in such services as a result of investment by the Children's Fund, and the proposals in the Green Paper, Every Child Matters, (Department for Education and Skills, 2003a) that schools should play a key role in the delivery of support services. Our experience of one such project is offered as a contribution to ongoing policy and practice developments. We highlight the strengths and difficulties of delivering support services from school settings and we offer some thoughts on whether integrated services which tackle children's needs can be delivered from schools.
Young People who have Sexually Abused: What do they (and their parents) want from Professionals?
Authors: Hackett Simon , Masson Helen
Published: March 2005

This article presents the findings of a small scale qualitative study of user perspectives in the adolescent sexual aggression field. Twenty four service users who had received intervention from nine different specialist providers completed a structured questionnaire about their experiences of professional involvement. Both young people who had sexually abused and parents identified the kinds of professional intervention which they found useful, as well as practices that they experienced as unhelpful. Young people and their families alike were found to value supportive interventions which gave them an opportunity to gain insight into the nature of sexual abuse as well to address their own feelings about their problems.
Crystal Structures of the Compounds YCuS2, Y3CuSnS7 and YCuPbS3.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Shemet V. Ya. , Olekseyuk I. D.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[Nd6(μ6‐O)(μ3‐OH)8 (H2O)24]I8(H2O)12 — The First Basic Rare Earth Iodide with an Oxygen‐Centred M6X8‐Cluster Core.
Authors: Mudring Anja‐Verena
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Electronic Structure of Modulated Pd7‐δSnTe2.
Authors: Savilov S. V. , Kuznetsov A. N. , Popovkin B. A. , Khrustalev V. N. , Simon P. , Getzschmann J. , Doert Th. , Ruck M.
Published: March 2005

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Reduced Lanthanum Halides with Ge as Interstitials: La2I2Ge, La2I2Ge2, La3Cl2Ge3, La3Br2Ge3, La3I3Ge, La6I5Ge3 and La7+xI12Ge.
Authors: Mattausch Hansjuergen , Zheng Chong , Ryazanov Mikhail , Simon Arndt
Published: March 2005

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Tb3O2Cl[SeO3]2 and Tb5O4Cl3[SeO3]2: Oxide Chloride Oxoselenates(IV) of Trivalent Terbium with “Lone‐Pair” Channel or Layer Structures.
Authors: Wontcheu Joseph , Schleid Thomas
Published: March 2005

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Electrical Properties of Trimethylammonium Monobromodichloromercurate.
Authors: Rhaiem A. Ben , Zouari N. , Guidara K. , Gargouri M. , Daoud A.
Published: March 2005

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Crystal Structure and Real Structure Investigations on the Intermittent Superconductivity of “La5B2C6”.
Authors: Simon A. , Babizhetskyy V. , Oeckler O. , Mattausch Hj. , Bauer J. , Kremer R. K.
Published: March 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Vapor Transport of Rare‐Earth Vanadates(V).
Authors: Schmidt Marcus , Ramlau Reiner , Schnelle Walter , Borrmann Horst , Milke Edgar , Binnewies Michael
Published: March 2005

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A Mesoporous Hydrogen‐Bonded Organic—Inorganic Framework Bearing the Isopolymolybdate [Mo36O112(OH2)16]8‐.
Authors: Atencio Reinaldo , Briceno Alexander , Galindo Xacvier
Published: March 2005

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Highly Compatible Metal and Enzyme Catalysts for Efficient Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Alcohols at Ambient Temperature.
Authors: Martin‐Matute Belen , Edin Michaela , Bogar Krisztian , Baeckvall Jan‐E.
Published: March 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Acylation of rac‐Alkyl Lactates Using Candida antarctica Lipase B.
Authors: Lee Yeon Soo , Hong Joo Hee , Jeon Nan Young , Won Keehoon , Kim Bum Tae
Published: March 2005

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The Electrophilic Substitution of Some 2,4‐ and 2,6‐Dihaloacetanilides.
Authors: Hanson James R. , Saberi Hamid
Published: March 2005

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Unprecedented Barbier‐Type Reactions Catalyzed by Titanocene(III).
Authors: Rosales Antonio , Oller‐Lopez Juan L. , Justicia Jose , Gansaeuer Andreas , Oltra J. Enrique , Cuerva Juan M.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis and Photocleavage of a New Dimeric Bis(o‐nitrobenzyl) Diether Tether.
Authors: Madhavan Nandita , Gin Mary S.
Published: March 2005

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Addition of Dibromocarbene to Cyclobutene: Characterization and Mechanism of Formation of the Products.
Authors: Algi Fatih , Hoekelek Tuncer , Balci Metin
Published: March 2005

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Effective and Selective Iodofunctionalization of Organic Molecules in Water Using the Iodine—Hydrogen Peroxide Tandem.
Authors: Jereb Marjan , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan
Published: March 2005

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Double Mitsunobu Reactions of cis‐Cycloalk‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diols and 3,4‐Epoxycycloalkenes: Rearrangements of Allylic Diazides.
Authors: Goeksu Sueleyman , Ozalp Cagri , Secen Hasan , Suetbeyaz Yasar , Saripinar Emin
Published: March 2005

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Unusual tBuLi Induced Ortholithiation versus Halogen—Lithium Exchange in Bromopyridines: Two Alternative Strategies for Functionalization.
Authors: Pierrat Philippe , Gros Philippe , Fort Yves
Published: March 2005

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A Novel Deprotection of Trichloroacetamide.
Authors: Urabe Daisuke , Sugino Kumi , Nishikawa Toshio , Isobe Minoru
Published: March 2005

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Alkyl Aluminum Halide Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of ω‐Allyl‐cycloalk‐2‐enones: Access to Bridged Bi‐ and Tricyclic Compounds.
Authors: Goeke Andreas , Mertl Daniel , Brunner Gerhard
Published: March 2005

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Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley Alkynylation of Aldehydes: Essential Modification of Aluminum Alkoxides for Rate Acceleration and Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Ooi Takashi , Miura Tomoya , Ohmatsu Kohsuke , Saito Akira , Maruoka Keiji
Published: March 2005

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Metal‐Free, Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Yang Jung Woon , Hechavarria Fonseca Maria T. , Vignola Nicola , List Benjamin
Published: March 2005

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A Simple, General and Efficient Ketone Synthesis via Alkylation and Dephosphinoylation of β‐Keto‐diphenylphosphine Oxides.
Authors: Fox David J. , Pedersen Daniel Sejer , Warren Stuart
Published: March 2005

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A New Synthesis of β‐Keto Amides by Reduction of Passerini Adducts.
Authors: Neo Ana G. , Delgado Jose , Polo Cecilia , Marcaccini Stefano , Marcos Carlos F.
Published: March 2005

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InCl3×4H2O/TMSCl‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with Cycloalkanones in Ionic Liquid Medium.
Authors: Hu Xueyuan , Fan Xuesen , Zhang Xinying , Wang Jianji
Published: March 2005

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Highly Efficient Epoxidation Method of Olefins with Hydrogen Peroxide as Terminal Oxidant, Bicarbonate as a Cocatalyst and Oxodiperoxo Molybdenum(VI) Complex as Catalyst.
Authors: Gharah Narottam , Chakraborty Santu , Mukherjee Alok K. , Bhattacharyya Ramgopal
Published: March 2005

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Reductive Alkylation of β‐Alkoxy Aziridines: New Route to Substituted Allylic Amines.
Authors: Rosser Clare M. , Coote Susannah C. , Kirby Jonathan P. , O'Brien Peter , Caine Darren
Published: March 2005

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Bis‐Aluminated Triflic Amide Promoted Diels—Alder Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones.
Authors: Saito Akio , Yanai Hikaru , Taguchi Takeo
Published: March 2005

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A Novel and Unusual Method for C—N Bond Formation in 1‐Substituted‐pyrrolidin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Sinha Neelima , Jain Sanjay , Anand Nitya
Published: March 2005

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Alumina Supported Potassium Permanganate: An Efficient Reagent for Chemoselective Dehydrogenation of 2‐Imidazolines under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Abdollahi‐Alibeik Mohammad , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2005

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The Huisgen Reaction of Azomethine Ylide to Isatins: A Facile Synthesis of Spiro‐oxindoles.
Authors: Nair Vijay , Mathai Sindhu , Augustine Anu , Viji S. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Lactams via Rh(II) Catalyzed Intramolecular C—H Insertion: α‐Substituents and Conformational Effects.
Authors: Flanigan David L. , Yoon Cheol Hwan , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: March 2005

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Reactions of Zinc Enolates Derived from 1‐Aryl‐2,2‐di‐bromoalkanones with 2‐Acyl‐3H‐benzo[f]chromen‐3‐ones, 6‐Bromo‐2‐oxochromene‐3‐carboxamides, and 3‐Oxo‐3H‐benzo[f]chromene‐2‐carboxamides.
Authors: Shchepin V. V. , Kalyuzhnyi M. M. , Silaichev P. S. , Russkikh N. Yu. , Shchepin R. V. , Ezhikova M. A. , Kodess M. I.
Published: March 2005

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A Concise Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyridines: A Convenient Synthesis of 2‐Bromo‐4‐iodopyridine via Halogen Dance and Its Successive One‐Pot Disubstitutions
Authors: Duan Xin‐Fang , Li Xiang‐Hong , Li Fu‐You , Huang Chun‐Hui
Published: March 2005

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Synthesis of ortho‐Substituted Cyanopyridines Through Lithio Intermediate Trapping.
Authors: Cailly Thomas , Fabis Frederic , Lemaitre Stephane , Bouillon Alexandre , Rault Sylvain
Published: March 2005

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Development of an Efficient and Selective Radioligand for Bradykinin B1 Receptor Occupancy Studies.
Authors: Su Dai‐Shi , et al. et al.
Published: March 2005

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