bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytical standards for root and leaf of Ishwari- Aristolochia indica Linn.
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka- 574118, India, Faisal Mohammed , Sridhar Bairy ,   Professor and HOD, Department of PG studies in Dravyaguna, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka- 574118, India, Kumar KN Sunil ,   Senior Research Officer, Department of Pharmacognosy, SDM College of Ayurveda, Kuthpady, Udupi, Karnataka574118, India
Published: May 2022

Analytical standard is a numerical value or specific property that quantifies the purity and quality of drug and formulated medicine. By standardizing raw drugs, methods, and formulations we can provide standard parameters to assess the quality, safety and efficacy of medicines. Such evaluation of a crude drug is necessary for assessing phytochemical variations, deterioration, substitution, and adulteration. Ayurvedic drug Ishwari’s botanical source is Aristolochia indica Linn. The synonym Nakuli has been used instead of Ishwari in Samhithas. The drug has been mentioned in different form for the condition like sheethajwara, sarpavisha, vrana, ekangashopha, unmada, apasmara etc. In the current study, analytical standards for roots and leaves of Ishwari were done as per Pharmacopoeial procedures. Analytical values are comparatively higher in leaves than root. Ethanol extractive of both root and leaves are lesser compared to aqueous extractive. Preliminary phytochemical tests of both the parts have shown similar results for the presence of alkaloid, steroid, tannins, triterpenoids, coumarin, phenols, carboxylic acid and absence of carbohydrates, saponin, flavanoids and resins. Thin layer chromatography has show more compounds in 366 nm both in root as well as in leaf. The standards obtained can be used as analytical values for routine standardization of Ishwari root and leaf.
Herbal drugs for abortion may prove as better option in terms of safety, cost & privacy
Authors:   Associate Professor, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan, Gul Somia , Rubab Bushra ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan, Ahmad Nameera ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan, Iqbal Urooba ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, Jinnah University for Women, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Background: Unwanted pregnancy is one of the major fertility as well as social issues of all times. Ever since mankind has prevailed, man has turned towards nature to solve a number of problems he came across, and nature has served him well. Unwanted and unexpected pregnancies are often gotten rid of by painful, costly and embarrassing surgical operations. What if, there was another way to do this without being going through all that pain and embarrassment? What if, nature has a cure for this problem as well? Yes, indeed it has! Certain natural herbs possess abortifacient properties that may help one to get rid of their undesired pregnancy without any sort of surgery. Objective: The aim of our study is to make people familiar with the natural abortifacients and their potent benefits over surgical abortion to give people an alternate way to end their undesired or unexpected pregnancy instead of going towards the infamous surgical abortion. Methodology: A survey was conducted that was based on 200 (n=200) people including common public, medical student , healthcare practitioners and different professionals just to know their general opinion about herbal abortion and to aware people regarding the beneficial aspects of natural herbs used in abortion in term of safety, cost and privacy issues. Result: The study showed that 97.5% of people know about abortion. Among those people, 46% were aware with the fact that the natural herbs can be used for abortion, while 54% of the people had absolutely no idea at all. Whereas, 41.5% think that these herbs can be harmful for our health, 45.5% considered these herbs as a better option, and 13% of the people had absolutely no idea about it. Conclusion: Natural herbs possess miraculous powers to compete with surgical abortion. Herbal abortion may prove to be a better option as compared to surgical abortion. The results we got from our study reveal people’s lack of knowledge regarding herbal drugs for abortion, which makes people hesitant to use them. It’s the job of our medicinal researchers and healthcare professionals to come forward and promote herbal method of abortion, which can prove to bring revolution in the life of people.
Nutritional consideration of three important emergency food plants studied among Karbi Tribe of North East India
Authors:   Department of Life science and bioinformatics, Assam university Diphu campus, Diphu 782460, Karbi Anglong, Assam,India., Terangpi Reena , RatanBasumatary  ,   Department of Life science and bioinformatics, Assam university Diphu campus, Diphu 782460, Karbi Anglong, Assam,India., Teron Robindra ,   Department of Life science and bioinformatics, Assam university Diphu campus, Diphu 782460, Karbi Anglong, Assam,India.
Published: May 2022

Emergency food plants are wild food plants that substitute staple food and are often referred as famine foods. These are nutritionally very rich and substitute conventionally eaten foods and are capable of fulfilling nutritional demand in many cases. Wild plants constitute major components of food basket of the Karbis. The importance of indigenous food plants from nutritional point of view in Karbi Anglong is often overlooked. This study was to assess nutritional contents in three prominent famine food plant species–Premna latifolia Roxb. (Verbenaceae), Dioscorea puber Blume (Dioscoreaceae), Lassia spinosa (L.) Thaw. (Araceae) that contributes to household food security. Plants specimens are collected processed and analysed their nutritional content as per standard protocol (MCW, DNS, Lowry’s and Ninhydrin). The proximate nutritional composition (powder character), ash, moisture, carbohydrate, protein, reducing sugar, amino acid were determined. Nutritional analysis reveals the present of essential nutrient with appropriate quantity. Rhizome of L. spinosa, bark of P. latifolia and tuber of D. puber contain carbohydrate (2.32 ± 0.34 g/100g, 2.39 ± 0.12 g/100g and 2.91 ± 0.56 g/100g), protein (1.85 ± 0.04 g/100g, 2.12 ± 0.04 g/100g and 1.09 ± 0.09 g/100g), reducing sugar (0.0343 ± 0.23 g /1g, 0.033 ± 0.34 g /1g and 0.036 ± 0.36 g/1g) and amino acid (8.29 ± 0.04 mg/g, 7.95 ± 0.04 mg/g and 8.02 ± 1.24 mg/g) respectively. The study shows that the plants are nutritionally very rich and with increase in moisture contents of each samples, pH level also increases and as a result ash contents decreases. Investigation on antinutrient factor would further help in evaluating the permissible toxicity of the antinutrient present in the species.
A questionnaire study to bridge the gap in teaching and prescribing of analgesics by dentists
Authors:   Senior Demonstrator, Sharma Kopal ,   Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jaipur302022, Rajasthan, India, Sharma Lokendra ,   Associate Professor; Department of Pharmacology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur-302004, Rajasthan, India, Neemawat Kanu ,   Medical Officer; Rajasthan Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur302026, Rajasthan, India, Sharma Amit ,   Reader; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rajasthan Dental College & Hospital, Jaipur302026, Rajasthan, India
Published: May 2022

This study focus on the current trend of prescribing of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug at a tertiary care teaching dental hospital in Jaipur. After taking permission from the Institutional Ethical Committee, this questionnaire study was carried out with the final year and intern students at tertiary care centre. Our study revealed paracetamol (41.4%) as the commonly prescribed analgesics followed by ibuprofen (24.5%). More than 60% of the respondents had good knowledge of contraindications to the use of these analgesics. Respondent’s knowledge regarding drug-drug interactions was fair. More than 70% were aware of interactions of diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, while about 95% correctly recognized the interaction of these analgesics with corticosteroids. Our study highlights the importance of knowledge of concurrent drug administration by the dentists to prevent adverse drug events.
Development of pharmacopoeial standards and HPTLC chromatographic finger print analysis of the roots of Hibiscus vitifolius Linn
Authors:   Research Assistant (Chemistry), Duraisamy Ramasamy ,   Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai-600013, Tamil Nadu, India, Kalaivanan Shakila ,   Lab Attendant; Captain Srinivasa Murti Research Institute for Ayurveda and Siddha Drug Development, Chennai-600106, Tamil Nadu, India, Paramashivam Meera Devi Sri ,   Consultant (Microbiology); Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai-600013, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: May 2022

Herbal medicines have a long therapeutic history and are still serving many of the health needs of a large population of the world. However, the quality control and quality assurance still remains a challenge because of the high variability of chemical components involved. Herbal drugs, singularly and in combinations contains numerous active compounds responsible for the overall efficacy. This creates a challenge in establishing the standardization of herbal drugs and finished products. Hibiscus vitifolius Linn., family Malvaceae, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The roots of the plant are demulcent, contraceptive and used in the treatment of pulsating anterior fontanelle in babies and kidney problems. In view of its medicinal importance it becomes necessary to evaluate the physic-chemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical analysis and TLC/HPTLC finger print analysis of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts. TLC and HPTLC finger print profiles for the various extracts of H. vitifolius can be used as a quality control tool. These profiles can be used for rapid identification, monitoring the purity and detection of adulterants. This will help in confirming the genuinity of the material.
Spectrophotometric quantification of total polyphenols in commercially available fruits
Authors:   Arbaminch University, College of Natural Science, Department of Chemistry, Arbaminch, P.O. Box, 21, Ethiopia, Bezuneh Terefe T.
Published: May 2022

Fruit polyphenols are a group of plant bioactive compounds which can play significant role in preventing various health related problems. The main concern of the present investigation is also to quantify the total polyphenol (TP) content of some selected commercially available fruits and also to investigate the effect of solvent type on the extraction of polyphenols. The concentration of total polyphenols varies significantly with the solvent used and also among different samples at P < 0.05. Higher concentration was detected in papaya fruit (pulp) (135.20±1.09; GAE, mg/g, dry weight) and lower concentration in banana (pulp) (26.60± 1.06; GAE, mg/g, dry weight) respectively.
Streptomycin induced hypersensitivity reaction in patient diagnosed with tuberculosis
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, NMCH & RC, Raichur- 584103, Karnataka, India, Mathew Binu K. , Thakur Pradeep Kumar ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, NMCH & RC, Raichur- 584103, Karnataka, India, Kandukuri Murali Krishna ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, NMCH & RC, Raichur- 584103, Karnataka, India, Doddayya Hiremath ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, N.E.T. Pharmacy College, NMCH & RC, Raichur- 584103, Karnataka, India
Published: May 2022

Streptomycin induced hypersensitive reaction is a very rare. However, it was reported in the form of itching, bronchospasm and breathlessness. A 58 Years old male patient present with chief complaints of anaphylactic reactions after 2 doses of intramuscular injection of Streptomycin-500mg and diagnosed as susceptible adverse drug reaction due to Streptomycin. He was prescribed with single dose of tablet Cetrizine- 5mg to subside complications. The case was critically analyzed by multiple specialists, reported and documented by pharmacovigilence committee of pharmacy practice department.
Biodegradation activity of Aspergillus niger Lipase isolates from a Tropical Country Garage
Authors:   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam, Tanzania, Mauti Godfrey Omare , Onguso Justus ,   Institute for Biotechnology Research (IBR), Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya, Kowanga David Keno ,   School of Health Science, Kampala International University, Dar-EsSalaam. Tanzania, Mauti Eliakim Mbaka ,   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi City, Kenya
Published: May 2022

Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivations has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. Lipolytic enzyme; Aspergillus niger extracted from oil polluted soil has been studied, examined and found to degrade Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons found in petroleum contaminated soil. A. niger can produce Bio-Surfactant at 25 °C and 35 °C that can biodegrade oil hydrocarbons. 24 hours at 35 °C it can reduce surface tension from 55 Nm/m to 25.3 Nm/m at different percentages of crude oil.
Effect of crude and defatted Moringa oliefera seeds as natural coagulants in the removal of physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters from turbid river water
Authors:   Unit of Science, Jordan University College, Morogoro, Tanzania, Kowanga Keno David , Mauti Godfrey Omare ,   Health Sciences Department, Kampala International University College, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Mbaka Eliakim ,   School of Pure and Applied sciences, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Published: May 2022

There is a great concern about commercial coagulants and their residues in treated water which leads to Alzheimer disease in old people. For this reason, a lot of research is focused on plants with coagulating properties. A lot of interest is on Moringa oliefera as a plant with clarifying properties, this study was aimed at investigating efficiency of crude and defatted Moringa oliefera seed in aiding removal of turbidity, chemical and bacteriological parameters from turbid Ndarugo river water in comparison with alum. Conventional jar test apparatus was used in coagulation process. The optimum dosages was obtained at 50 mg/L, 175 mg/L and 150 mg/L which gave represented residual turbidity of 3.73±0.09, 4.93±0.31 and 3.27±0.45 for alum, crude Moringa oliefera seed powder and defatted Moringa oliefera seed powder respectively. Total coliforms were reduced to between 93.48% to 96.96% by all the coagulants; however E. coli was not detected in raw turbid water and clarified sample. In the study, it was observed that Moringa oliefera seed showed a good alternative as coagulants reducing water parameters to values below maximum permissible limits as stipulated by WHO.
Phenolic constituents and biological activity of Melanocenchris abyssinica
Authors:   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, Mohammed Taha A. , Ragab Ehab A. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, El-Hela Atef A. ,   Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2022

Five compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble portion of the alcoholic extract of Melanocenchris abyssinica aerial parts and identified on the basis of their spectroscopic data as p-coumaric acid (1), tricin (2), a diastereoisomer of tricin 4`-O-[threo-β-guaiacyl-(9``-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether [9``-acetylsalcolin A] and tricin 4`-O-[erythro-β-guaiacyl-(9``-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether [9``-acetylsalcolin B] (3), a diastereoisomer of tricin 4`-O-(threo-β-4-hydroxyphenylglyceryl) ether [Aegicin A] and tricin 4`-O-(erythro-β-4- hydroxyphenylglyceryl) ether [Aegicin B] (4) and tricin 4`-O-(erythro-β-guaiacylglyceryl) ether [Salcolin A] (5). To our knowledge this compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Melanocenchris. The nhexane fraction exhibited higher cytotoxic activities against Human Hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2), Colon carcinoma (HCT-116) and Breast carcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. The ethyl acetate extract was the most active antimicrobial against Candida albicans and Escherichia coli. Compound (4) showed higher antimicrobial activities against both Bacillis subtilis and Escherichia coli more than that of the standards. The ethyl acetate extract showed weak antiviral effect against HAV-10, HSV-1 and HSV-2, while n-butanol extract showed weak antiviral effect against HAV-10.
Incidence of brachycephalization among Nigerians
Authors:   Department of Anatomy, Ebonyi State University, A 343, Abakaliki, Nigeria, E.O. Ewunonu
Published: May 2022

Background- The study of head dimension is of considerable anthropological interest especially in the study of the growth in shape of the head. The incidence of brachycephalization in Nigeria was established by carrying out an analysis of the craniometric study of the three major tribes in Nigeria. Similar reports have been made elsewhere within and outside Africa. Materials and Method- A cross sectional measurement of the head length and head breadth was carried out on regional basis on 500 subjects each from Hausa, Ibo and Yoruba tribes of Nigeria. The Cephalic Index was calculated accordingly and classified. Result- The Mean Cephalic Index of the Hausa subjects was 80.20 ± 2.66 while the mean values for Ibo and Yoruba subjects were 82.40 ± 2.91 and 82.20 ± 3.09 respectively. Conclusion- The present report shows that Cephalic Index of Nigerians appreciated from the mesocephalic values reported by earlier researchers to brachycephalization.
Review on live animal and meat export marketing system in Ethiopia: challenges and opportunities
Authors:   School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia, Eshetu Eyob , Abraham Zewudu ,   School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

Livestock production systems in Ethiopia are generally subsistence oriented and productivity is very low. Hence this paper is aimed to assemble the subsisting information on live animal and meat market source and structure, to compile existing information on the opportunities and challenges of live animal and meat marketing, and to provide a highlight on the livestock production system of Ethiopia. Accordingly, low productivity of the animals and the absence of market-oriented production systems are described as the main constraints of livestock production in the country. In Ethiopian, for the demand of live animal and meat, there are different opportunities like domestic consumption, official exports and high demand of animals by the export abattoirs. However, various internal and external factors are described under the challenges of live animal and meat marketing system in Ethiopia and it includes: absence of effective grading system, absence of market information system, absence of promotional activities, supply problems, prevalence of diseases, traditional production system, and illegal export trade, inadequacy of infrastructure, competition, repeated bans and inadequate port facilities. From this review it has been recommended that major disease should be controlled, legal channels, market infrastructure and service facilities along borders and implementation of strategies with neighboring countries for legalizing trade should be developed. Livestock transportation facilities, improved slaughter house, livestock resting sites, and storage and quarantine facilities at required sites should be present. In addition, the government should be actively involved for the control of illegal trade of live animals across the borders.
Exploratory laparotomy in a neonate under spinal anaesthesia
Authors:   Post Graduate, Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Wani Zara , Sharma Meenaxi ,   Professor and Head, Department of Anaesthesia & Critical Care, NIMS Medical College & Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India
Published: May 2022

We report a case of the neonate presented with large sized perforation at th e splenic flexure along with necrotising gangrene of 12cm of left transverse and descending colon at National Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, who was operated under Spinal Anaesthesia.
Microalbuminuria- an emerging risk factor in acute ischemic stroke
Authors:   Resident, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Syed Thabish , Pandey Manju ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Rishi J.P. ,   Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Ahir Dilip ,   Resident, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India
Published: May 2022

O bjective: To study the role of biomarkers like microalbuminuria in acute ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: A total of 70 cases admitted in wards an d ICU under Department of Medicine, NIMS Medical College & Hospital Jaipur and 70 controls that were the normal age/sex matched during study period of 15 months i.e. July 2014 to September 2015 were taken into study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Urine for microalbumin is tested at the time of admission. Stroke severity and prognosis is assessed by NIHSS score on day 0, 3, 7 & 14. Tests of statistical significance were done using Chi-square Test, unpaired’t’ test and fisher test. Results: Out of 70 age and sex matched cases and controls, Microalbumiuria is seen in 51.43% of cases an d 2.86% of controls, which is statistically significant (P <0.001). Mean urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) is 65.10 + 79.12 in cases where as it is 7.53 + 8.04 in controls which is also statiscally significant (p<0.001). Hence MA is considered as a risk factor in acute ischemic stroke. Among 70 acute ischemic stroke cases studied, MA was seen in 36 in whom 11 patients fell in severe NIHSS score and 16 very severe which is statistically significant (Chi-square = 27.605 with 3 degrees of freedom; P <0.001) * Mean NIHSS sco re for the patients with MA at the time of admission and discharge was 22.05 and 16.16 compared to 8.36 and 3.61 at the time of admission and discharge in patients without MA , most of our comatose patients had microalbuminuria thus predicting seriousness of stroke in patients with microalbumin uria. Conclusion: We found that MA is an independent risk factor and potential prognostic marker in acute ischemic stroke.
Callus induction treatments influence antimicrobial effect of tissue culture-derived Thuja orientalis L.
Authors:   Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, P.O. Box 79/22857, Egypt, Kamal H. , Shahin Heba ,   Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, P.O. Box 79/22857, Egypt, Yasseen Y. Mohamed ,   Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, P.O. Box 79/22857, Egypt, El-Hela A.A. ,   Prof and Head of Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Published: May 2022

Thuja orientalis belonging to the family Cupresseaceae is an important forest tree species for timber and wood production. Its wood is light in weight and highly resistant to decay. The leaf of explants of this plant was cultured for callus induction and plant regeneration. The explants of this plant were cultured onto Murashig and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations of (α- naphtalene acetic acid (NAA), pchlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) alone and in combination with 6- benzyladenine (BA) for callus induction. The highest callus was induced in medium containing 3 mg/l PCIB. The lowest callus was found to be on MS medium containing (3 mg/l NAA +0.1 mg/l BA). Callus of explants were grown on MS media contained 3 mg/l PCIB +0.1 mg/l BA extract is the most active fraction against E. coli also it is active against Streptococcus pneumonia and Bcilis subtilis. Callus of explants were grown on MS media (3 mg/l NAA +0.1 mg/l BA) has higher activity against Streptococcus pneumonia, Callus of explants were grown on MS media supplemented with (3 mg/l PCIB +0.1 mg/l BA) has higher activity against Bacilis subtilis. These results provide a basis for future studies on genetic improvement and could be applied to production of secondary metabolites through cell culture in Thuja orientalis.
Green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using Morinda pubscens J.E. Smith root extract
Authors:   College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram- 695011, Kerala, India, C.I Kavitha Chandran , G Indira ,   College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Govt. Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram- 695011, Kerala, India
Published: May 2022

Nanotechnology deals with the synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled size, shape and dispersity of materials at the nanometer scale and their potential use for human well bein g. This leads to focus on “Green Synthesis” of nanoparticles which seems to be an easy, efficient and eco- friendly approach. In this study, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using root extract of Morinda pubescens as reducing agent. It was found that aqueous silver ions can be reduced by aqueous root extr act of Morinda pubescens to generate extremely stable silver nanoparticles in water. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) formation was confirmed by the colour change of the mixture and further confirmed by spectral analysis. UV-Visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed a peak around 416.5 nm. FT -IR analysis confirmed reduction of Ag+ ions to Ag0 ions in synthesized silver nanoparticles. Further, the produced silver nanoparticles showed bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus niger. From this study concluded that the root extract of Morinda pubescens reduces Ag+ to Ag0 and enhances synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial activity.
Assessment of Leucorrhea diseases in female students
Authors:   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Abid Mohammad , Jyoti  ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Kumar Kapil ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, khan Roomi ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Ali Salman ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Chandra Phool ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Rani Renu ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India, Khan Najam Ali ,   Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad-244102, U.P., India
Published: May 2022

Leucorrhoea also spelled leucorrhoea, flow of a whitish, yellow, or greenish discharge from the vagina of the female that may be normal or that may be a sign of infection. The present study was done in female student of the different departments of IFTM University. Total number of 200 female students was taken into the study. In this study more prevalent symptoms was found that irritation and itching on genital organs which could be worse at night (95%), followed by sedentary life styles (85%) and foul-smell vaginal discharges (70%), moderately prevalent symptoms were found constipation (55%),stress (60%),frequent mood changes (50%) pain in stomach/lower back pain (40%), and less prevalent symptoms were black dark circle around the eyes (25%), anorexia (16%), period irregular (10%). Students should be recommended for treatment and provide awareness and prevention of leucorrhoea by maintain good hygiene, exercise, natural treatment especially in the genital areas to prevent any bacterial infections.
The profile of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) patients in rural areas of North India
Authors:   Resident, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Syed Thabish , Thakuriya Rakesh ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India, Rishi J.P. ,   Professor and Head, Department of Medicine, National Institute of Medical Sciences (NIMS), Jaipur, Rajasthan-303121, India
Published: May 2022

Aims & Objectives: To study the profile of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) in low lying areas of NorthIndia. This is a 2 year observation study of patients attending Nephrology department in National Institute of Medical Sciences, Shobha Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Material & Methods: This is a 2 year prospective study done in National Institute of Medical Sciences- a tertiary hospital in rural area close to Jaipur. All ADPKD patients attending Nephrology department were studied to know their complete profile. Results: A total of 54 ADPKD patients attended Nephrology department between Jan 2014-Jan 2016, Out of which 34 patients presented with pain abdomen, 22 patients with hypertension, 8 patients with chronic renal failure kept on medical management, 8 with Chronic Kidney Disease CKD-ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease) on maintenance hemodialysis(MHD). Out of these 8 CKD-ESRD, there were 4 incidents of AV fistula thrombosis and 1 died recently whereas 20 patients remained completely asymptomatic. Conclusion: Timely diagnosis, proper understanding of disease by patients will provide good quality of life in these patients. Low salt diet, good control of hypertension (<130/80 mm of hg) delays progression to ESRD in these patients.
Development of cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing activity of Azotobacter spp. by transposon mutagenesis
Authors:   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Aung Ayme , Yu San San ,   Associate Professor, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Sev Tin May ,   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar
Published: May 2022

The chemical mutagenized microorganisms used in this study were nitrogen-fixing bacteria; Azotobacter chrococcum and Azotobacter benjerinkii which were collected from the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Kyaukse. Transposon mutagenesis was studied on these strains to get dual activities such as nitrogen-fixing and cellulolytic activities by using recombinant Escherichia coli S17 carrying cellulase gene from Rhizobium leguminosarum. The targeted strains that carry the transposon were selected on the Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium which contains chloramphenicol (0.6 mg/20ml) and kanamycin (0.4mg/20ml). Nitrogen-fixing activity of Azotobacter spp. was detected by the colour changes in Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium (G-NFM) containing trace amount of Bromothymol Blue (BTB) as indicator and ammonium test kit. Cellulolytic activity of Azotobacter spp. before and after transposon mutagenesis was detected by both plate screening method and by Dinitrosalicylic colorimetric method. The nitrogen-fixing activities of the strains were almost the same before and after transposon mutagenesis. Cellulolytic activity measured in Glucose Nitrogen Free Mineral Medium was the highest in 5 days incubation.
Evaluation of endophytic bacteria from some rice varieties for plant growth promoting activities
Authors:   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Sev Tin May , Khai Aye Aye ,   Professor, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Aung Ayme ,   Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Yu San San ,   Associate Professor, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar
Published: May 2022

Eighteen endophytic bacteria were isolated from different rice varieties by using Jensen’s nitrogen free medium. According to morphological and biochemical tests, isolates S1, R1, R2, R5 and R6 may be Rhizobium spp. and the remaining isolates may be Azospirillum spp. Fourteen out of isolates had plant growth hormone (Indole Acetic Acid) producing activity. R7 was the best Indole Acetic Acid producer among the isolated strains at two days incubation period in Jensen’s nitrogen free medium with L-tryptophan 0.5mg /ml at 37˚C and the concentration produced was 120.55 ppm. In nitrogen free semi-solid agar medium containing trace amount of bromothymol blue as indicator, all isolates showed nitrogen fixing activity during seven days incubation period. All isolates except S6 could solubilize phosphate on Pikovskaia’s medium supplemented with (0.5% Ca3(PO4)2). S5 was the best P- solubilizer at 5 days incubation period both in plate screening showing zone diameter 45mm and 539.78 ppm quantitatively. Fourteen isolates except (LS, R2, S4, S8) could also decompose potassium (ranging from 2-30mm in diameter) on K- decomposing medium with 0.12% Kmica. R3 was the best K-decomposer by plate screening (30mm in diameter) and 19.84 ppm quantitatively. S3 and R3 had good antagonistic activities against Rhizotonia solani and LS and R5 to Phythium spp. and S7 to Fusarium oxysporum respectively.
Electrochemical behavior of POT in different electrolytes
Authors:   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan, Gul Hajera , Shah Anwar-ul-Haq Ali ,   Institute of Chemical Sciences University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan, Bilal Salma ,   National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
Published: May 2022

Poly(o-toluidine), POT salt was synthesized by an emulsion polymerization method. Electrochemical behavior of synthesized salt was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostaic charge discharge analysis (GCD). CV was carried out at different scan rate (10 mV/s, 20 mV/s, 30 m V/s, 40 m V/s and 50 mV/s). GCD analysis was carried out at two different current densities (0.5 and 5 A/g). 1 M Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), 1 M perchloric acid (HClO4) and 1 M so dium hydroxide (NaOH) were used as electrolytes. UV-visible spectroscopy was used for investigation of spectral behavior. POT0.03 salt showed highest specific capacitance value of 186 F/g in HClO4 aqueo us electrolyte. Synthesized polymer was soluble in a number of organic solvents and thus no bin der or additive is required for electrode preparation. These results implied that for supercapacitors POT salt with HClO4 aqueo us electrolyte is a valuableelectrode material for supercapacitors.
BOD reduction using spent tea waste from Tannery wastewater
Authors:   Leather Research Institute, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Savar, Dhaka-1350, Bangladesh, Alam Md. Nur-E- , Mia Md. Abu Sayid ,   Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1209, Bangladesh, Chowdhury MurshidJaman ,   BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka-1205, Bangladesh
Published: May 2022

Leather tanning consumes a huge quantity of water which ultimately goes to the environment as wastewater and degrades the environment. The study deals with the utilization of spent tea leaves as the adsorbent for the reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) from tannery wastewater. The characteristics of raw effluent like initial COD, BOD, pH, and EC were measured. The experiments were carried out in the batch process for simplicity. The maximum percentage of BOD reduction was found 85.88 at 05 mg/l dose of adsorbent. The results of BOD reduction follow the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
The correlation of carbon source and ammonium accumulation in culture broth by nitrogen-fixing bacterial isolates
Authors:   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Yu San San , Kyaw Ei Phyu ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Lynn Tin Mar ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Latt Zaw Ko ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Aung Amy ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Sev Tin May ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Nwe May Thet ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar, Mon Wai Wai ,   Microbiology Laboratory, Biotechnology Research Department, Ministry of Education, Kyaukse, Myanmar
Published: May 2022

Several nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the agricultural soil samples of Kyaukse District, Mandalay Division, Myanmar. Among the isolated strains K-3 and T-7 were identified as Azotobacter beijerinckii and Azotobacter vinellandii and and M4 was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.. Although other studies have reported that wild types of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria cannot produce excess ammonia, our experiments indicated that these three strains accumulate relatively high amounts of ammonia in medium with a low concentration of sugar. Azotobacter beijerinckii accumulated approximately 0.48 mM of ammonia after incubation for 96 hour in 0.5% nitrogen free glucose mineral medium (NFGMM), while A. vinelandii accumulated approximately 0.36 mM in 0.25% nitrogen free fructose mineral medium (NFFMM) after 96 hour. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accumulated highest amounts of ammonia in glucose supplemented medium approximately 0.52mM after 96h incubation. A. beijerinckii also accumulated ammonia in fructose, galactose, and sucrose media. Azotobacter vinelandii accumulated ammonia mainly in fructose and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia accumulated ammonia in glucose, sucrose and mannitol. In this research work, it was noted that ammonia began to accumulate when no sugar remained in the medium, therefore we suggested that carbon source plays a key role in ammonia accumulation.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal formulations (Ointment, Cream, Gel) containing Tridax procumbens and Areca catachu
Authors:   Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, MS Lokesh Prasad ,   Drugs Testing Laboratory, Drugs Control Department, Palace Road, Bangalore, Karnataka560001, India, Gurunath Kalaskar P ,   Government College of Pharmacy, Subbaiah Circle, Bangalore, Karnataka-560001, India, Chandrasekar SB ,   Drugs Testing Laboratory, Drugs Control Department, Palace Road, Bangalore, Karnataka-560001, India, C Umashankar ,   Drugs Testing Laboratory, Drugs Control Department, Palace Road, Bangalore, Karnataka-560001, India, AT Pawar ,   MAEER’s Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, MIT Campus, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune, Maharasthra-411038, India
Published: May 2022

Plant derived substances and herbal medicines have recently attracted the great interest towards their versatile application, as medicinal plants are the richest source of bioactive compounds used in traditional and modern medicine. Even in areas where modern medicine is available, the interest on herbal medicines and their utilization have been increasing rapidly in recent years. The present work is to formulate and evaluate the formulations (Ointment, Cream, Gel) of Tridax procumbens and Areca catachu extracts. The methanollic extracts were used for the formulations. After completion of formulations it was evaluated for its physicochemical parameters like colour, odour, pH, spreadability, extrudability, consistency, diffusion study, solubility, washability. Also the formulations were evaluated for its stability at various temperature conditions which shows no change in the irritancy, spreadability and diffusion study. Thus it could become a media to use the medicinal properties of Tridax procumbens and Areca catachu effectively and easily as a formulation forms like ointment, cream and gel.
Influence of balanced nutrients on growth performance and yield of Teff (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)) in the midland of Bensa, Southern Ethiopia
Authors:   Department of Natural Resources Research, Hawassa Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa, Ethiopia, Habte Mulugeta , Boke Shiferaw ,   Department of Natural Resources Research, Hawassa Agricultural Research Center, Southern Agricultural Research Institute, Hawassa, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

In Ethiopia aapplication of suboptimal levels of mineral fertilizers aggravates the decline in soil fertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate different blended fertilizer formulation and provide site and crop specific recommendations for teff production at Bensa in southern nation nationality and people regional state of Ethiopia. The experiment consists of five blended fertilizers (1) recommended NP (64 kg N + 30 kg P ha-1 ) (2) 150 kg NPS (63N, 25P, 10.5 S) + 34.5 kg N ha-1 (3) 150 kg NPSB (64N, 23P,10.1 S, 1.06 B) + 36.8 kg N ha1 (4) 150 kg NPKSB (64N, 18P, 18K, 7.1S, 0.75B) + 43.24 kg N ha-1 (5) 150 kg NPSZnB(63N, 15P,7.6S, 2.23Zn, 0.37B) + 36.8 kg N ha-1 and (6) 150 kg NPKSZnB(63N, 17P, 18K, 7.6S, 2.23Zn, 0.37B) + 36.8 kg N ha-1 .The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design using 4 m by 4 m plot size and replicated across five farms. Agronomic data, including plant height, tiller number, straw yield, total biomass and grain yield were measured and using the SAS statistical package program version 9.0. The least significant difference (LSD) at 5% probability level was used to establish the difference among the means. To investigate the economic feasibility of the blended fertilizers, partial budget and benefit cost ratio were used. The current experiment revealed that balanced nutrient alone without appropriate proportion could not increase teff yield in the study area to the required level. On the other hand, blended fertilizer contain apposite P rate gave highest grain yield. Application of 150 kg NPS (63:25:10.5) + 34.5 kg N ha-1 gave highest biological yield and the result was economically feasible. Therefore, application of 150 kg NPS + 34.5 kg N ha-1 is recommended to use by farmers as an alternative soil management option for teff production around Bensa.
Carcass and non-carcass characteristics of Tigray highland lambs fed mulberry (Morus alba) leaf meal at different supplementation levels
Authors:   Department of Animal Production and Technology, Adigrat University P.O.Box 50, Tigray, Ethiopia, Tesfay Gebrekidan , Tamir Berhan ,   Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia, Berhane Gebreyohannse ,   Department of Animal Production Studies, Addis Ababa University, P.O.Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
Published: May 2022

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of mulberry (Morus alba) leaf meal levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Tigray highland lambs. The experiment consisted of five treatments; and conducted in a randomized complete block design using thirty intact yearlings Tigray highland male lambs. The experimental diets were 300g concentrate mix alone, 225g concentrate mix + 86.55g mulberry leaf, 150g concentrate mix + 173.1g mulberry leaf, 75g concentrate mix + 259.7g mulberry leaf and 346.2g mulberry leaf alone with barley straw ad libitum to all treatments. The mix was prepared from Noug seed cake and wheat bran at ratio of 1:2, respectively. Higher weights of total edible offal component, empty body weight, rib eye muscle area and slaughter weight were observed as a result of high level of mulberry leaf meal supplementation than the sole concentrate mix treatment. On the other hand, the dressing percentage on slaughter weight base as well as empty body weight base and hot carcass weight showed less difference (p>0.05) between sole mulberry leaf meal and sole concentrate mix treatments. The result of the present study indicated that substitution of mulberry leaf meal for concentrate mix can be used effectively without affecting the results of growth parameters as well as edible or non edible offal components that can be achieved by sole concentrate supplementation. Hence, the finding revealed that feeding mulberry leaf meal alone to Tigray highland lambs could substitute the costly and even less accessible commercial concentrate mix to resource poor farmers and could result in reasonably better performance of lambs.
Evaluation of total antioxidant status, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in apparently healthy active tobacco smokers in Nnewi Metropolis, South-East, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria, L OBI Ugochukwu , Anyadike Norah ,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, Okaforchidimma  ,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria, Dioka CE ,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria, Meludu SC ,   Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Nigeria
Published: May 2022

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Daily cigarette consumption and duration of smoking were obtained through a semi-structured questionnaire. Information on other risk factors like alcohol consumption were also obtained using the same tool. A total of 120 subjects were used; 60 tests subjects and 60 control subjects. The test group were subdivided into 3 groups based on duration of smoking (1- 5 years, 6 -10 years, 11 years and above). Daily cigarette consumption/number of sticks smoked was also used to subdivide the test group into 3 groups (1 – 5 sticks/day, 6 – 10 sticks/day, 11 and above sticks/day). Total antioxidant status (1148.0660 ± 171.97974 µmol/L) and Superoxide Dismutase activity (8.5360 ± 3.98112IU/L) were significantly reduced in current cigarette smokers compared with control (1310.4080 ± 230.85928µmol/L, 12.6640 ± 2.26849IU/L respectively, p<0.05). This outcome correlated with duration of smoking (TAC = <0.001 SOD =<0.001) but not with the rate of cigarettes smoking. Furthermore, MDA levels (1.6620 ± .72868µg/L) were significantly elevated in current cigarette smokers compared with control group (nonsmokers) (1.2660 ± .28400µg/L, p<0.05) and correlated with duration of smoking (<0.001) which maybe suggestive of lipid peroxidation. These findings may indicate that smoking cigarette no matter the quantity depletes the antioxidant pool of the body exposing the body to effects of reactive oxygen species and other free radicals. Furthermore, the increase in the index of lipid peroxidation (MDA) could be suggestive of cell/DNA damage.