bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apathy in Nursing Home Residents with Dementia: Results From A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Treusch Y. , Majic T. , Page J. , Gutzmann H. , Heinz A. , Rapp M.A.
Published: March 2014

Purpose:

Here we evaluate an interdisciplinary occupational and sport therapy intervention for dementia patients suffering from apathy.

Subjects and methods:

A prospective, controlled, rater-blinded, clinical trial with two follow-ups was conducted as part of a larger cluster-randomized trial in 18 nursing homes in Berlin. n = 117 dementia patients with apathy, defined as a score of 40 or more on the apathy evaluation scale (AES) or presence of apathy on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), were randomly assigned to intervention or control group. The intervention included 10 months of brief activities, provided once a week. The primary outcome measure was the total score on the AES scale measured directly after the intervention period and again after 12 months.

Results:

We found significant group differences with respect to apathy during the 10 month intervention period (F2,82 = 7.79, P < 0.01), which reflected an increase in apathy in the control group, but not in the intervention group. Within one year after the intervention was ceased, the treatment group worsened and no longer differed significantly from the control group (P = 0.55).

Conclusions:

Our intervention was effective for the therapy of apathy in dementia, when applied, but not one year after cessation of therapy.
Phosphatidylglycerol biosynthesis is required for the development of embryos and normal membrane structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria in Arabidopsis
Authors: Tanoue Ryo , Kobayashi Megumi , Katayama Kenta , Nagata Noriko , Wada Hajime
Published: March 2014

Phosphatidylglycerophosphate (PGP) synthase, encoded by PGP1 and PGP2 in Arabidopsis, catalyzes a committed step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In this study, we isolated a pgp1pgp2 double mutant of Arabidopsis to study the function of PG. In this mutant, embryo development was delayed and the majority of seeds did not germinate. Thylakoid membranes did not develop in plastids, mitochondrial membrane structures were abnormal in the mutant embryos, and radiolabeling of phospholipids showed that radioactivity was not significantly incorporated into PG. These results demonstrated that PG biosynthesis is essential for the development of embryos and normal membrane structures of chloroplasts and mitochondria.
The need for public policies to promote healthier food consumption: A comment on Wansink and Chandon (2014)
Authors: Roberto Christina A. , Pomeranz Jennifer L. , Fisher Jennifer O.
Published: March 2014

Current approaches to addressing obesity have fallen short. This is largely due to the many environmental forces that undermine people's self‐regulatory capacity to be personally responsible for their food choices. Novel insights from the social sciences are needed to inform voluntary, health‐promoting actions by companies, institutions, and citizens as well as the design of public health policies. Voluntary interventions that rely on nudges should complement traditional public health strategies such as taxation and restriction of child‐targeted marketing in schools. In this commentary, we discuss four food policy issues that would benefit from consumer psychology research: (a) the restriction of food marketing to children, (b) provision of nutrition information through food labels, (c) improving school food environments, and (d) placing limits on portion sizes. Identifying effective solutions for obesity will require approaches that integrate psychological, public health, and legal perspectives and methods.
Acute Mountain Sickness Is Not Repeatable Across Two 12-Hour Normobaric Hypoxia Exposures
Authors: MacInnis Martin J. , Koch Sarah , MacLeod Kristin E. , Carter Eric A. , Jain Radha , Koehle Michael S. , Rupert Jim L.
Published: March 2014

Objective

The purposes of this experiment were to determine the repeatability of acute mountain sickness (AMS), AMS symptoms, and physiological responses across 2 identical hypoxic exposures.

Methods

Subjects (n = 25) spent 3 nights at simulated altitude in a normobaric hypoxia chamber: twice at a partial pressure of inspired oxygen (PIO2) of 90 mmHg (4000 m equivalent; “hypoxia”) and once at a PIO2 of 132 mmHg (1000 m equivalent; “sham”) with 14 or more days between exposures. The following variables were measured at hours 0 and 12 of each exposure: AMS severity (ie, Lake Louise score [LLS]), AMS incidence (LLS ≥3), heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Oxygen saturation and heart rate were also measured while subjects slept.

Results

The incidence of AMS was not statistically different between the 2 exposures (84% vs 56%, P > .05), but the severity of AMS (ie, LLS) was significantly lower on the second hypoxic exposure (mean [SD], 3.1 [1.8]) relative to the first hypoxic exposure (4.8 [2.3]; P < .001). Headache was the only AMS symptom to have a significantly greater severity on both hypoxic exposures (relative to the sham exposure, P < .05). Physiological variables were moderately to strongly repeatable (intraclass correlation range 0.39 to 0.86) but were not associated with AMS susceptibility ( P > .05).

Conclusions

The LLS was not repeatable across 2 identical hypoxic exposures. Increased familiarity with the environment (not acclimation) could explain the reduced AMS severity on the second hypoxic exposure. Headache was the most reliable AMS symptom.
On the motive of the group of units of a division algebra
Authors: Shinder Evgeny
Published: March 2014

We consider the algebraic group GL1 (A), where A is a division algebra of prime degree over a field F, and the associated motive in the Voevodsky category of motivic complexes (F). We relate the motive of GL1 (A) to the motive of the Čech simplicial scheme χ, associated to the Severi-Brauer variety of A, and compute the second differential in the resulting spectral sequence for motivic cohomology.
Bubbling reduces intermittency in turbulent thermal convection
Authors: Lakkaraju Rajaram , Toschi Federico , Lohse Detlef
Published: March 2014

Intermittency effects are numerically studied in turbulent bubbling Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) flow and compared to the standard RB case. The vapour bubbles are modelled with a Euler–Lagrangian scheme and are two-way coupled to the flow and temperature fields, both mechanically and thermally. To quantify the degree of intermittency we use probability density functions, structure functions, extended self-similarity (ESS) and generalized extended self-similarity (GESS) for both temperature and velocity differences. For the standard RB case we reproduce scaling very close to the Obukhov–Corrsin values common for a passive scalar and the corresponding relatively strong intermittency for the temperature fluctuations, which are known to originate from sharp temperature fronts. These sharp fronts are smoothed by the vapour bubbles owing to their heat capacity, leading to much less intermittency in the temperature but also in the velocity field in bubbling thermal convection.
Stochastic modelling of transverse wave instability in a liquid-propellant rocket engine
Authors: Popov Pavel P. , Sideris Athanasios , Sirignano William A.
Published: March 2014

The combustion stability of a liquid-propellant rocket engine experiencing a random, finite perturbation from steady-state conditions is examined. The probability is estimated for a nonlinear resonant limit-cycle oscillation to be triggered by a random disturbance. Transverse pressure waves are considered by using a previously published two-dimensional nonlinear pressure wave equation coupled with Euler equations governing the velocity components. The cylindrical combustion chamber is a complex system containing multiple co-axial methane–oxygen injectors; each co-axial jet is analysed for mixing and burning on its own local grid scheme, with the energy release rate coupled to the wave oscillation on the more global grid. Two types of stochastic forcing for the random disturbance are explored: a travelling Gaussian pressure pulse and an oscillating pressure dipole source. The random variables describing the pulse are magnitude, location, duration and orientation of the disturbances. The polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method is used to determine the long-time behaviour and infer the asymptote of the solution to the governing partial differential equations. Depending on the random disturbance, the asymptote could be the steady-state solution or a limit-cycle oscillation, e.g. a first tangential travelling wave mode. The asymptotic outcome is cast as a stochastic variable which is determined as a function of input random variables. The accuracy of the PCE application is compared with a Monte Carlo calculation and is shown to be significantly less costly for similar accuracy.
Vibrational Behavior of an Electrically Actuated Micro-Beam with Thermoelastic Damping
Authors: Karami mohammadi A. , Ale Ali N.
Published: March 2014

In this paper, a resonator is modeled as a microbeam under the effect of thermoelastic damping and actuated electrically. Two models, small and large deformation models, are represented by considering linear and nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. These models are compared against voltage, and the difference between these models is shown and discussed. In the large deformation model, the microbeam deflected due to applied DC voltage, and vibration of microbeam occurs around this static deflection. The vibration equation is linearized around static deflection and by applying harmonic vibration, equation for mode shape and frequency is obtained. The complex frequency is calculated by numerical method and then used for obtaining the Q-factor of thermoelastic damping. The stretching effect and thermoelastic damping is validated with the literature. The result shows that for the high values of voltage, the large deformation model is more accurate. The behavior of thermoelastic damping is also investigated against the geometrical and material properties.
An Ecological Approach to Bullying in Korean Adolescents
Authors: You Sukkyung , Kim Euikyung , Kim Mirim
Published: March 2014

Bullying has become an increasingly grave social problem in Korea and, as such, researchers have attempted to identify the various factors involved in bullying, along with victimisation experiences, in adolescents. However, previous research has often been fragmentary, examining only the individual, family or school factors, thereby failing to take an ecological perspective that can provide a more in-depth understanding of the behaviour involved in bullying. Moreover, such studies often view bullying as a single type of behaviour rather than one composed of different subtypes that may have different causes. Therefore, this study examined the long-term effects of individual, family and school factors on bullying and victimisation experiences from a sample of 3,449 middle school students. Logistic regression analyses were employed in order to understand how various ecological factors influence youth bullying and victimisation experiences. The findings supported the hypothesis, which noted that the key factors varied with regard to the bullying and victimisation subtypes. Lastly, implications and future directions are discussed.
Dietary cholesterol supplementation to a plant-based diet suppresses the complete pathway of cholesterol synthesis and induces bile acid production in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.)
Authors: Kortner Trond M. , Björkhem Ingemar , Krasnov Aleksei , Timmerhaus Gerrit , Krogdahl Åshild
Published: March 2014

Plants now supply more than 50 % of protein in Norwegian salmon aquafeeds. The inclusion of plant protein in aquafeeds may be associated with decreased lipid digestibility and cholesterol and bile salt levels, indicating that the replacement of fishmeal with plant protein could result in inadequate supplies of cholesterol in fish. A reduction in feed efficiency, fish growth and pathogen resistance is often observed in parallel to alterations in sterol metabolism. Previous studies have indicated that the negative effects induced by plant components can be attenuated when diets are supplemented with cholesterol. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary cholesterol supplementation (1·5 %) in Atlantic salmon fed a plant-based diet for 77 d. The weights of body, intestines and liver were recorded and blood, tissues, faeces, chyme and bile were sampled for the evaluation of effects on growth, nutrient utilisation and metabolism, and transcriptome and metabolite levels, with particular emphasis on sterol metabolism and organ structure and function. Cholesterol supplementation did not affect the growth or organ weights of Atlantic salmon, but seemed to promote the induction of cholesterol and plant sterol efflux in the intestine while suppressing sterol uptake. Cholesterol biosynthesis decreased correspondingly and conversion into bile acids increased. The marked effect of cholesterol supplementation on bile acid synthesis suggests that dietary cholesterol can be used to increase bile acid synthesis in fish. The present study clearly demonstrated how Atlantic salmon adjusted their metabolic functions in response to the dietary load of cholesterol. It has also expanded our understanding of sterol metabolism and turnover, adding to the existing, rather sparse, knowledge of these processes in fish.
Renal function associates with energy intake in elderly community-dwelling men
Authors: Luis Desiree , Huang Xiaoyan , Sjögren Per , Risérus Ulf , Ärnlöv Johan , Lindholm Bengt , Cederholm Tommy , Carrero Juan Jesus
Published: March 2014

Energy intake and renal function decrease with age. In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), spontaneous food intake decreases in parallel with the loss of renal function. The objective of the present study was to evaluate a possible relationship between renal dysfunction and energy intake in elderly community-dwelling men. A cross-sectional study including 1087 men aged 70 years from the Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM) community-based cohort was carried out. Dietary intake was assessed using 7 d food records, and glomerular filtration rate was estimated from serum cystatin C concentrations. Energy intake was normalised by ideal body weight, and macronutrient intake was energy-adjusted. The median normalised daily energy intake was 105 (interquartile range 88–124) kJ, and directly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as determined by univariate analysis. Across the decreasing quartiles of eGFR, a significant trend of decreasing normalised energy intake was observed (P =0·01). A multivariable regression model including lifestyle factors and co-morbidities was used for predicting total energy intake. In this model, regular physical activity (standardised β = 0·160;P =0·008), smoking (standardised β = − 0·081;P =0·008), hypertension (standardised β = − 0·097;P =0·002), hyperlipidaemia (standardised β = − 0·064;P =0·037) and eGFR (persdincrease, standardised β = 0·064;P =0·04) were found to be independent predictors of energy intake. Individuals with manifest CKD (eGFR < 60 ml/min per 1·73 m2) were more likely to have lower energy intake than those without. In conclusion, there was a direct and independent correlation between renal function and energy intake in a population-based cohort of elderly men. We speculate on a possible link between renal dysfunction and malnutrition in the elderly.
In vitro leishmanicidal activity of pyrazole-containing polyamine macrocycles which inhibit the Fe-SOD enzyme of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species
Authors: NAVARRO P. , SÁNCHEZ-MORENO M. , MARÍN C. , GARCÍA-ESPAÑA E. , RAMÍREZ-MACÍAS I. , OLMO F. , ROSALES M. J. , GÓMEZ-CONTRERAS F. , YUNTA M. J. R. , GUTIERREZ-SÁNCHEZ R.
Published: March 2014

The in vitro leishmanicidal activity and cytotoxicity of pyrazole-containing macrocyclic polyamines 1–4 was assayed on Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis species. Compounds 1–4 were more active and less toxic than glucantime and both infection rates and ultrastructural alterations confirmed that 1 and 2 were highly leishmanicidal and induced extensive parasite cell damage. Modifications in the excretion products of parasites treated with 1–3 were also consistent with substantial cytoplasm alterations. Compound 2 was highlighted as a potent inhibitor of Fe-SOD in both species, whereas its effect on human CuZn-SOD was poor. Molecular modelling suggested that 2 could deactivate Fe-SOD due to a sterically favoured enhanced ability to interact with the H-bonding net that supports the enzyme`s antioxidant features.
More general all-purpose verbs in children with specific language impairment? Evidence from Greek for not fully lexical verbs in language development
Authors: KAMBANAROS MARIA , GROHMANN KLEANTHES K.
Published: March 2014

This paper addresses verbal performance and overuse of “not fully lexical verbs” by children with specific language impairment (SLI) and peers with typical language development (TLD). Experimental data come from picture-naming and retell narratives. Fourteen school-aged children with SLI (mean age = 6 years, 9 months) participated alongside 50 language- and age-matched peers with TLD. The results revealed that children with SLI do not use light verb constructions but only general all-purpose (GAP) verbs when unable to produce single-word, specific lexical verbs. Moreover, they do not differ from language-matched TLD children in this respect. As such, GAP verbs should be viewed as symptoms of immature language or absent representations rather than impaired language. Consequently, when discussing not fully lexical verbs productions in (a)typical development, researchers should make the fundamental distinction between GAP verbs and light verbs, and focus on GAP verbs as the relevant category in SLI.
Modal space decoupled optimal design for a class of symmetric spatial parallel mechanisms with consideration of passive joint damping
Authors: Ti-Xian Tian , Hong-Zhou Jiang , Zhi-Zhong Tong , Jing-Feng He
Published: March 2014

In this study, we analyze the influence of passive joint viscous friction (PJVF) on modal space decoupling for a class of symmetric spatial parallel mechanisms (SSPM). The Jacobian matrix relating the platform movements to each passive joint velocity is first gained by vector analysis and the passive joint damping matrix is then derived by applying the Kane method. Next, an analytic formula index measuring the degree of coupling effects between the damping terms in the modal coordinates is proposed using classical modal analysis of dynamic equations in task space. Based on the index, a new optimal design method is found which establishes the kinematics parameters for minimizing the coupling degree of damping and achieves optimal fault tolerance for modal space decoupling when all struts have identical damping and stiffness coefficients in their axial directions. To illustrate the effectiveness of the theory, the new method was used to redesign two configurations of a specific manipulator.
BIVARIATE EXTENSIONS OF SKELLAM'S DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Genest Christian , Mesfioui Mhamed
Published: March 2014

Skellam's name is traditionally attached to the distribution of the difference of two independent Poisson random variables. Many bivariate extensions of this distribution are possible, e.g., through copulas. In this paper, the authors focus on a probabilistic construction in which two Skellam random variables are affected by a common shock. Two different bivariate extensions of the Skellam distribution stem from this construction, depending on whether the shock follows a Poisson or a Skellam distribution. The models are nested, easy to interpret, and yield positive quadrant-dependent distributions, which share the convolution closure property of the univariate Skellam distribution. The models can also be adapted readily to account for negative dependence. Closed form expressions for Pearson's correlation between the components make it simple to estimate the para-meters via the method of moments. More complex formulas for Kendall's tau and Spearman's rho are also provided.
The Need for a Systematic Approach to Disaster Psychosocial Response: A Suggested Competency Framework
Authors: Cox Robin S. , Danford Taryn
Published: March 2014

Competency models attempt to define what makes expert performers “experts.” Successful disaster psychosocial planning and the institutionalizing of psychosocial response within emergency management require clearly-defined skill sets. This necessitates anticipating both the short- and long-term psychosocial implications of a disaster or health emergency (ie, pandemic) by developing effective and sustained working relationships among psychosocial providers, programs, and other planning partners. The following article outlines recommended competencies for psychosocial responders to enable communities and organizations to prepare for and effectively manage a disaster response.

Competency-based models are founded on observable performance or behavioral indicators, attitudes, traits, or personalities related to effective performance in a specific role or job. After analyzing the literature regarding competency-based frameworks, a proposed competency framework that details 13 competency domains is suggested. Each domain describes a series of competencies and suggests behavioral indicators for each competency and, where relevant, associated training expectations. These domains have been organized under three distinct categories or types of competencies: general competency domains; disaster psychosocial intervention competency domains; and disaster psychosocial program leadership and coordination competency domains.

Competencies do not replace job descriptions nor should they be confused with performance assessments. What they can do is update and revise job descriptions; orient existing and new employees to their disaster/emergency roles and responsibilities; target training needs; provide the basis for ongoing self-assessment by agencies and individuals as they evaluate their readiness to respond; and provide a job- or role-relevant basis for performance appraisal dimensions or standards and review discussions.

Using a modular approach to psychosocial planning, service providers can improve their response capacity by utilizing differences in levels of expertise and training. The competencies outlined in this paper can thus be used to standardize expectations about levels of psychosocial support interventions. In addition this approach provides an adaptable framework that can be adjusted for various contexts.

CoxRS, DanfordT. The need for a systematic approach to disaster psychosocial response: a suggested competency framework. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(2):1-7.
Perceived and objective diet quality in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Powell-Wiley Tiffany M , Miller Paige E , Agyemang Priscilla , Agurs-Collins Tanya , Reedy Jill
Published: March 2014

Objective

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern has been shown to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Little is understood about the relationship between objective diet quality and perceived diet quality (PDQ), a potential psychosocial barrier to appropriate dietary intake. We compared PDQ and diet quality measured by a nutrient-based DASH index score in the USA.

Design

Cross-sectional study. Participants in the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) rated diet quality on a 5-point Likert scale and PDQ scores were generated (low, medium, high). A single 24 h dietary recall was used to estimate DASH index scores (range 0–9 points) by assigning 0, 0·5 or 1 point (optimal) for nine target nutrients: total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, fibre, Ca, Mg, K and Na.

Setting

Nationally representative sample of the US population.

Subjects

Adults aged ≥19 years in 2005–2006 NHANES (n 4419).

Results

Participants with high PDQ (33 %) had higher DASH index scores (mean 3·0 (sd 0·07)) than those with low PDQ (mean 2·5 (sd 0·06), P < 0·001), but average scores did not align with targets for intermediate or optimal DASH accordance. Adults with high PDQ reported higher total fat, saturated fat and Na intakes compared with optimal DASH nutrient goals. Differences between those with high v. low PDQ were similar for Whites and Blacks, but there was no difference between PDQ groups for Mexican Americans.

Conclusions

Among Whites and Blacks, but not Mexican Americans, high PDQ may be associated with higher diet quality, but not necessarily a diet meeting DASH nutrient goals. This disconnect between PDQ and actual diet quality may serve as a target in obesity prevention.
Vegetarian diets and cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2
Authors: Fraser Gary , Katuli Sozina , Anousheh Ramtin , Knutsen Synnove , Herring Patti , Fan Jing
Published: March 2014

Objective

To compare cardiovascular risk factors between vegetarians and non-vegetarians in black individuals living in the USA.

Design

A cross-sectional analysis of a sub-set of 592 black women and men enrolled in the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) cohort of Seventh-day Adventists.

Setting

Members of the AHS-2 cohort, who lived in all states of the USA and provinces of Canada.

Subjects

Black/African-American members of two sub-studies of AHS-2 where blood and physiological measurements were obtained.

Results

Of these women and men, 25 % were either vegan or lacto-ovo-vegetarians (labelled ‘vegetarian/vegans’), 13 % were pesco-vegetarian and 62 % were non-vegetarian. Compared with non-vegetarians, the vegetarian/vegans had odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes, high blood total cholesterol and high blood LDL-cholesterol of 0·56 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·87), 0·48 (95 % CI 0·24, 0·98), 0·42 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·65) and 0·54 (95 % CI 0·33, 0·89), respectively, when adjusted for age, gender, education, physical activity and sub-study. Corresponding odds ratios for obesity in vegetarian/vegans and pesco-vegetarians, compared with non-vegetarians, were 0·43 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·67) and 0·47 (95 % CI 0·27, 0·81), respectively; and for abdominal obesity 0·54 (95 % CI 0·36, 0·82) and 0·50 (95 % CI 0·29, 0·84), respectively. Results for pesco-vegetarians did not differ significantly from those of non-vegetarians for other variables. Further adjustment for BMI suggested that BMI acts as an intermediary variable between diet and both hypertension and diabetes.

Conclusions

As with non-blacks, these results suggest that there are sizeable advantages to a vegetarian diet in black individuals also, although a cross-sectional analysis cannot conclusively establish cause.
FIRE ALARMS, JURIES, AND MORAL JUDGMENT
Authors: Smith Renée
Published: March 2014

It's nearly 10:00 AM on a Thursday morning and the courtroom is filled with more than 100 members of the jury pool. Court officials, state police officers, and defendants line the halls waiting to be called for pre-trial conferences and for jury selection to begin, then the fire alarm sounds. There is no obvious evidence of fire, no smoke, no shouts, and no other warnings. At the same time, no one announces that there is a fire drill in progress, that the alarm is merely being tested, or that the alarm was pulled by accident. Sitting in the court room, what would you do? And, more importantly, why would you do it? What goes through your head when you hear the alarm?
A LETTER FROM THE GOVERNOR OF BIG BLUE MARBLE SCHOOL FOR MORAL URGENCY, SOUL MAKING AND HUMAN ADVANCEMENTS
Authors: Fisher Tim
Published: March 2014

A traditional defense of God in the face of pain and suffering is that humans learn from encounters with suffering – learn something wonderfully valuable that could not be learned in any other way. God is a teacher, and we humans are the students. This article examines the Problem of Evil through this paradigm. It argues that any God-as-teacher defense of evil fails on its face because God does not meet even the most lax standard for teacher behavior and action.
Molecular characterization and genetic relationship of marigolds (Tagetes spp.) based on simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Whankaew Sukhuman , Hasthanasombut Supaporn , Thaikert Ratchadaporn , Tappiban Piengtawan , Smith Duncan R. , Triwitayakorn Kanokporn
Published: March 2014

In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) specific to marigold were developed using the inter-SSR technique and a SSR-enriched genomic DNA library. In addition, SSRs derived from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) were also tested for transferability to marigold. In total, 38 polymorphic markers with 112 observed alleles were identified in 20 African marigolds (Tagetes erecta L.) consisting of 14 commercial varieties and six Thai landraces, and six French marigolds (Tagetes patula L.). The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 7. The averages of expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.48 and 0.32, respectively. Polymorphic information content values ranged from 0.10 to 0.71, and resolving power (Rp) values ranged from 0.23 to 2.77. The SSRs were successfully applied to the differentiation of the 26 marigold samples into clusters of African commercial varieties, Thai landraces and French marigold. The genetic relationship analysis revealed that the African commercial varieties were more closely related to the Thai landraces than to the French marigold. The results of the study indicate that the SSRs developed are effective for genetic diversity analysis, species classification and individual identification.
The Psychological Impact of Oral Immunotherapy for Children With Food Allergy: Perceived Benefits and Treatment Burden
Authors: LeBovidge Jennifer S. , Haskell Stephanie , Olney Elizabeth K. , Hoyte Lisa , Rachid Rima , Nadeau Kari C. , Umetsu Dale T. , Schneider Lynda C.
Published: March 2014

Food allergy has a significant impact on child and family quality of life. Although there is currently no cure for food allergy, oral immunotherapy (OIT) has shown promise in desensitizing patients to food allergens. The primary aim of this paper was to examine the psychological impact of participation in OIT for children and families, including both perceived benefits and treatment burden. Semistructured interviews about the OIT experience were conducted with 10 children receiving OIT for milk allergy and their parents, and an inductive, grounded process was used to identify the most common categories of interview responses. Research documents were reviewed in a sample of 13 children receiving OIT for peanut allergy, to identify the nature and frequency of visits with a pediatric psychologist who was included as a member of the interdisciplinary research team. Following OIT for milk allergy, positive changes including increased dietary options, increased inclusion in social situations, and decreased anxiety about reactions were reported. Sources of treatment burden included anxiety about ingesting milk and injection-related distress. During OIT for peanut allergy, 69.2% of children met with the psychologist, with the most common presenting concerns including aversion to the taste of peanut, anxiety about ingestion of peanut, and injection-related distress. Children and families report perceived psychosocial benefits following OIT; however, there is also burden associated with the treatment itself. Preliminary experience suggests a role for pediatric psychologists to help children and families cope with and enhance adherence to OIT protocols.
Morning reduction of photosynthetic capacity before midday depression
Authors: Koyama Kohei , Takemoto Shuhei
Published: March 2014

Midday depression of photosynthesis has important consequences for ecosystem carbon exchange. Recent studies of forest trees have demonstrated that latent reduction of photosynthetic capacity can begin in the early morning, preceding the midday depression. We investigated whether such early morning reduction also occurs in an herbaceous species, Oenothera biennis. Diurnal changes of the photosynthetic light response curve (measured using a light-emitting diode) and incident sunlight intensity were measured under field conditions. The following results were obtained: (1) the light-saturated photosynthetic rate decreased beginning at sunrise; (2) the incident sunlight intensity on the leaves increased from sunrise; and (3) combining (1) and (2), the net photosynthetic rate under natural sunlight intensity increased from sunrise, reached a maximum at mid-morning and then showed midday depression. Our results demonstrate that the latent morning reduction of photosynthetic capacity begins at sunrise, preceding the apparent midday depression, in agreement with previous studies of forest trees.
Indentation-formed nanocontacts: an atomic-scale perspective
Authors: Paul William , Oliver David , Grütter Peter
Published: March 2014

One-to-one comparisons between indentation experiments and atomistic modelling have until recently been hampered by the discrepancy in length scales of the two approaches.
Solid state chemistry of nitrogen oxides – Part I: surface consumption of NO
Authors: Minissale M. , Fedoseev G. , Congiu E. , Ioppolo S. , Dulieu F. , Linnartz H.
Published: March 2014

NO2 is efficiently formed in the solid state via NO + O/O2/O3 reactions.
Solid state chemistry of nitrogen oxides – Part II: surface consumption of NO2
Authors: Ioppolo S. , Fedoseev G. , Minissale M. , Congiu E. , Dulieu F. , Linnartz H.
Published: March 2014

Efficient surface destruction mechanisms (NO2 + H/O/N), leading to solid H2O, NH2OH, and N2O, can explain the non-detection of NO2 in space.
In search of redox non-innocence between a tetrazine pincer ligand and monovalent copper
Authors: Hui Alice K. , Lord Richard L. , Caulton Kenneth G.
Published: March 2014

Electron transfer to ligand occurs in the excited state, but not in the ground state when copper is surrounded by four tetrazines and two pyridines.
New perspectives in hydrogen storage based on RCH2NH2/RCN couples
Authors: Grellier M. , Sabo-Etienne S.
Published: March 2014

A possible LOHC facility from an amine/nitrile couple.
‘Dry bases’: carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water
Authors: Dawson Robert , Stevens Lee A. , Williams Orla S. A. , Wang Weixing , Carter Benjamin O. , Sutton Sam , Drage Trevor C. , Blanc Frédéric , Adams Dave J. , Cooper Andrew I.
Published: March 2014

An alkaline form of ‘dry water’—a ‘dry base’—is prepared by the high-speed mixing of aqueous solutions of metal carbonates or organic amines with hydrophobic silica nanoparticles.
Heavy metal accumulation in balsam pear and cowpea related to the geochemical factors of variable-charge soils in the Pearl River Delta, South China
Authors: Chang Chun-Ying , Xu Xiang-Hua , Liu Chuan-Ping , Li Shu-Yi , Liao Xin-Rong , Dong Jun , Li Fang-Bai
Published: March 2014

Variable-charge (v-c) soils in subtropical areas contain considerable amounts of iron/aluminum (Fe/Al) oxides that can strongly influence the fate of heavy metals in agricultural ecosystems.
Multiplexing of miniaturized planar antibody arrays for serum protein profiling – a biomarker discovery in SLE nephritis
Authors: Petersson Linn , Dexlin-Mellby Linda , Bengtsson Anders A. , Sturfelt Gunnar , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Wingren Christer
Published: March 2014

Miniaturization of multiplexed recombinant antibody microarrays for protein expression profiling of crude proteomes.
1,1′-Bi-2-naphthol-fluoroacetyl compounds in fluorescent recognition of amines
Authors: Yu Shanshan , Plunkett Winston , Kim Michael , Wu Elaine , Pu Lin
Published: March 2014

Fluorescent recognition of amines and diamines.
Direct white light emission from a rare-earth-free aluminium–boron–carbon–oxynitride phosphor
Authors: Ogi T. , Iwasaki H. , Nandiyanto A. B. D. , Iskandar F. , Wang W.-N. , Okuyama K.
Published: March 2014

A novel direct white light emitting phosphor material was prepared from rare-earth free precursor solution.
Structure-specific hapten design for the screening of highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody to salbutamol
Authors: Liu Liqiang , Kuang Huang , Peng Chifang , Wang Libing , Xu Chuanlai
Published: March 2014

A new hapten was designed and synthesized for the production of highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody to salbutamol.
Determination of illegal dyes in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by matrix solid phase dispersion and ultrafast liquid chromatography
Authors: Gao Yan , Wang Yuanpeng , Xu Bo , Zhang Hanqi , Song Daqian , Sun Ying
Published: March 2014

A simple, rapid and effective extraction method based on MSPD and UFLC has been developed and validated for the determination of illegal dyes from the roots ofSalvia miltiorrhizaBunge.
Purification of flavonoid metal complexes from Alhagi camelorum with calix[4]arene based impregnated resin
Authors: Memon Shahabuddin , Laghari Abdul Hafeez , Kandhro Aftab A. , Memon Fakhar N. , Nelofar Aisha
Published: March 2014

The use of calixarenes for the isolation of flavonoids from plant extracts.
Amplified fluorescence sensing of miRNA by combination of graphene oxide with duplex-specific nuclease
Authors: Guo Shuang , Yang Fan , Zhang Yulin , Ning Yong , Yao Qunfeng , Zhang Guo-Jun
Published: March 2014

A graphene oxide-based fluorescent sensing system for sensitive detection of miRNA with a duplex-specific nuclease-aided signal amplification strategy.
Simultaneous and selective electrochemical determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers at a reduced graphene oxide and copper nanoparticles composite modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Palanisamy Selvakumar , Karuppiah Chelladurai , Chen Shen-Ming , Yang Cheng-Yu , Periakaruppan Prakash
Published: March 2014

Simultaneous and selective electrochemical determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers at RGO/Cu-NPs composite modified GCE.
A third-generation hydrogen peroxide biosensor based on horseradish peroxidase immobilized by sol–gel thin film on a multi-wall carbon nanotube modified electrode
Authors: Xu Shu-Xia , Li Jia-Ling , Zhou Zhi-Ling , Zhang Cheng-Xiao
Published: March 2014

A third-generation H2O2biosensor was developed by using tetraethoxy-silicone sol–gel film to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on a multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) modified glass carbon electrode.
Fast responding and selective near-IR Bodipy dye for hydrogen sulfide sensing
Authors: Ozdemir Tugba , Sozmen Fazli , Mamur Sevcan , Tekinay Turgay , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: March 2014

A Bodipy based, highly selective probe for hydrogen sulfide has been designed, synthesized and demonstrated to detect H2S in living cells.
A lanthanide based sensor for the time-gated detection of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Tropiano Manuel , Faulkner Stephen
Published: March 2014

A long-lived europium complex capable of sensing sulfide in complex biological media using time gated detection is reported.
Synthesis, structure, topology and magnetic properties of new coordination polymers based on 5(–Br/–COOH)-substituted nicotinic acid
Authors: Nandi Goutam , Thakuria Ranjit , Titi Hatem M. , Patra Ranjan , Goldberg Israel
Published: March 2014

New coordination polymers of 5-substituted nicotinic acid with metal ions have been characterized, revealing diversely interlinked 2D and 3D architectures.
Kink energy and kink dipole moments on vicinal Au(001) in halide electrolytes
Authors: Al-Shakran M. , Beltramo G. , Giesen M.
Published: March 2014

We present a method to measure kink dipole moments in electrolytes using step fluctuation analysis and surface charge density data.
The hydrogenation of nitroarenes mediated by platinum nanoparticles: an overview
Authors: Lara P. , Philippot K.
Published: March 2014

This review reports the most recent advances in the synthesis and application of platinum nanoparticles as catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of nitroaromatics.
NaF regulated aqueous phase synthesis of aromatic amides and imines catalyzed by Au/HT
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Deng Youquan , Shi Feng
Published: March 2014

An Au/HT catalyst was found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the coupling reaction of aromatic alcohols and amines.
Si-based Earth abundant clathrates for solar energy conversion
Authors: He Yuping , Sui Fan , Kauzlarich Susan M. , Galli Giulia
Published: March 2014

We synthesized a Si-based clathrate, composed entirely of Earth abundant elements, and using ab initio calculations and spectroscopic and Hall mobility measurement showed that it is a promising material for solar energy conversion.
Matrix-bound phosphine, phosphorus fractions and phosphatase activity through sediment profiles in Lake Chaohu, China
Authors: Ding Wei , Zhu Renbin , Hou Lijun , Wang Qing
Published: March 2014

The distribution patterns of matrix-bound phosphine (MBP), phosphorus (P) fractions and neutral phosphatase activity (NPA) were investigated through five sediment profiles in Lake Chaohu, China.
Dietary fiber and phenolic compounds as functional ingredients: interaction and possible effect after ingestion
Authors: Quirós-Sauceda A. E. , Palafox-Carlos H. , Sáyago-Ayerdi S. G. , Ayala-Zavala J. F. , Bello-Perez L. A. , Álvarez-Parrilla E. , de la Rosa L. A. , González-Córdova A. F. , González-Aguilar G. A.
Published: March 2014

Dietary fiber and phenolic compounds are responsible for potential effects on human health; therefore they have been widely used to increase functionality of some foods.
Conformational properties of cholic acid, a lead compound at the crossroads of bile acid inspired drug discovery
Authors: Gioiello Antimo , Venturoni Francesco , Tamimi Sara , Custodi Chiara , Pellicciari Roberto , Macchiarulo Antonio
Published: March 2014

DFT and NMR spectroscopy studies unveil three major minima conformations of cholic acid that may affect its biological properties.
Two diseases, one approach: multitarget drug discovery in Alzheimer's and neglected tropical diseases
Authors: Prati F. , Uliassi E. , Bolognesi M. L.
Published: March 2014

Multitarget drug discovery may represent a promising therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer's and neglected tropical diseases.
Facile electrochemical synthesis of CeO2 hierarchical nanorods and nanowires with excellent photocatalytic activities
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zhang Xiyue , Wang Yichen , Xie Shilei , Liu Yi , Lu Xihong , Tong Yexiang
Published: March 2014

A simple, cost-effective and controllable electrochemical method has been developed to synthesize free-standing CeO2 hierarchical nanorods and nanowires.
Synthesis of a novel hierarchical mesoporous organic–inorganic nanohybrid using polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane bricks
Authors: Gandhi Sakthivel , Kumar Prem , Thandavan Kavitha , Jang Kiwan , Shin Dong-Soo , Vinu Ajayan
Published: March 2014

A novel mesoporous silica with high surface area and ordered porosity has been developed using N-methylamino POSS and dichloromethylsilane.
Selective synthesis of (Z)-2-enynyl-2-hydroxy-imidazolidine-4,5-diones via Cu(i)-mediated multicomponent coupling of terminal alkynes, carbodiimides and oxalyl chloride
Authors: Zhao Fei , Li Yuexing , Wang Yang , Zhang Wen-Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng
Published: March 2014

(Z)-2-Enynyl-2-hydroxy-imidazolidine-4,5-diones are synthesized via Cu(i)-mediated (Z)-selective geminal coupling among two terminal alkynes, carbodiimides, and oxalyl chloride. Further transformation is explored.
Modeling of chemical–mechanical couplings in anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells and reliability analysis
Authors: Jin Xinfang , Xue Xingjian
Published: March 2014

Chemical stress distribution in a solid oxide fuel cell under multi-physicochemical operating conditions.
Synthesis of 3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acrylates through the tandem reaction of 3-(2-buta-2,3-dienoylphenoxy)acrylates
Authors: Fan Xuesen , Shen Nana , Li Bin , Guo Shenghai , Zhang Xinying
Published: March 2014

A straightforward and efficient synthesis of 2-substituted 3-(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)acrylates through base-catalyzed tandem reaction of the readily available 3-(2-buta-2,3-dienoylphenoxy)acrylates under extremely mild conditions has been developed.
Electrically pressure sensitive poly(vinylidene fluoride)/polypyrrole electrospun mats
Authors: Merlini C. , Barra G. M. O. , Medeiros Araujo T. , Pegoretti A.
Published: March 2014

Non-woven mats with highly pressure-sensitive electrical conductivity have been prepared by electrospinning of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) containing up to 23 wt% of polypyrrole (PPy) particles synthesized by using dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) as a dopant.
Effect of microwave irradiation on carbon nanotube fibers: exfoliation, structural change and strong light emission
Authors: Sun Huanhuan , Wei Jinquan , Sun Jialin , Ning Chuangang , Zhu Jialin , Jia Yi , Yang Shengyi , Zhu Hongwei , Wang Kunlin , Wu Dehai , Zhao Yao , Vajtai Robert , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: March 2014

When excited by microwaves, carbon clusters of C2 are exfoliated from carbon nanotubes, leading to structural changes and strong light emission.
Nano-spots induced break of the chemical inertness of boron: a new route toward reversible hydrogen storage applications
Authors: Depardieu Martin , Janot Raphaël , Sanchez Clément , Deleuze Hervé , Gervais Christel , Birot Marc , Morcrette Mathieu , Backov Rénal
Published: March 2014

Macrocellular carbonaceous foams with metallic nanoparticle inclusions of Pd/Au are designed to trigger the reversible hydrogen storage properties of lithium borohydride (LiBH4).
Soft-template synthesis of 3D porous graphene foams with tunable architectures for lithium–O2 batteries and oil adsorption applications
Authors: Huang Xiaodan , Sun Bing , Su Dawei , Zhao Dongyuan , Wang Guoxiu
Published: March 2014

We report a general emulsion soft-template method to synthesize porous graphene foams for multi-functional applications, including lithium–oxygen batteries and oil-adsorption.
Low thermal conductivity and rapid synthesis of n-type cobalt skutterudite via a hydrothermal method
Authors: Gharleghi Ahmad , Pai Yi-Hsuan , Lin Fei-Hung , Liu Chia-Jyi
Published: March 2014

We report low thermal conductivity for n-type cobalt skutterudites synthesized via a rapid hydrothermal procedure combined with evacuated-and-encapsulated heating.
Generation of 140 fs pulse train with widely tunable repetition rate through cascaded fibre compression techniques
Authors: Zhu Shuxuan , Quarterman Adrian H. , Wonfor Adrian , Penty Richard V. , White Ian H.
Published: March 2014

The authors present numerical simulations of ultrashort pulse generation by a technique of linear spectral broadening in phase modulators and compression in dispersion compensating fibre, followed by a further stage of soliton compression in dispersion shifted fibre. This laser system is predicted to generate pulses of 140 fs duration with a peak power of 1.5 kW over a wide, user selectable repetition rate range while maintaining consistent characteristics of stability and pulse quality. The use of fibre compressors and commercially available modulators is expected to make the system setup compact and cost‐effective.
Application of Digital Anthropometry for Craniofacial Assessment
Authors: Jayaratne Yasas S. N. , Zwahlen Roger A.
Published: March 2014

Craniofacial anthropometry is an objective technique based on a series of measurements and proportions, which facilitate the characterization of phenotypic variation and quantification of dysmorphology. With the introduction of stereophotography, it is possible to acquire a lifelike three-dimensional (3D) image of the face with natural color and texture. Most of the traditional anthropometric landmarks can be identified on these 3D photographs using specialized software. Therefore, it has become possible to compute new digital measurements, which were not feasible with traditional instruments. The term “digital anthropometry” has been used by researchers based on such systems to separate their methods from conventional manual measurements. Anthropometry has been traditionally used as a research tool. With the advent of digital anthropometry, this technique can be employed in several disciplines as a noninvasive tool for quantifying facial morphology. The aim of this review is to provide a broad overview of digital anthropometry and discuss its clinical applications.