bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short‐term electrical load forecasting model based on multi‐dimensional meteorological information spatio‐temporal fusion and optimized variational mode decomposition
Authors: Wang Lingyun , Zhou Xiang , Xu Honglei , Tian Tian , Tong Huamin
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a method to enhance the accuracy of power load forecasting by considering the variability in the impact of multi‐dimensional meteorological information on power load in diverse regions. The proposed method employs spatio‐temporal fusion (SF) of multi‐dimensional meteorological information and applies the Copula theory to analyze the non‐linear coupling of meteorological information from multiple stations with power load to achieve SF in the spatial dimension. To enhance the accuracy of load forecasting in the time dimension, this paper improves the core parameters of the variational mode decomposition (VMD) using the marine predators algorithm (MPA) and utilizes the weighted permutation entropy (WPE) to construct the MPA‐VMD fitness function for the adaptive decomposition of the load sequence. Moreover, this paper constructs input sets for the long short‐term memory model and the MPA‐LSSVM model by combining each component of the time dimension and each meteorological information of the spatial dimension to obtain the prediction results of each component. The prediction model corresponding to each component is selected according to the evaluation index and reconstructed to obtain the overall prediction results. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed forecasting method outperforms the traditional forecasting method and effectively enhances the accuracy of power load forecasting.
Reionisation time field reconstruction from 21 cm signal maps
Authors: Hiegel Julien , Thélie Émilie , Aubert Dominique , Chardin Jonathan , Gillet Nicolas , Galois Pierre , Mai Nicolas , Ocvirk Pierre , Ibata Rodrigo
Published: October 2023

Context.During the epoch of reionisation, the intergalactic medium is reionised by the UV radiation from the first generation of stars and galaxies. One tracer of the process is the 21 cm line of hydrogen that will be observed by the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) at low frequencies, thus imaging the distribution of ionised and neutral regions and their evolution.

Aims.To prepare for these upcoming observations, we investigate a deep learning method to predict from 21 cm maps the reionisation time field (treion(r)), the time at which each location has been reionised. Thetreion(r) method encodes the propagation of ionisation fronts in a single field, and gives access to times of local reionisation or to the extent of the radiative reach of early sources. Moreover it gives access to the time evolution of ionisation on the plane of sky, when this evolution is usually probed along the line-of-sight direction.

Methods.We trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) using simulated 21 cm maps and reionisation time fields produced by the simulation code21cmFAST. We also investigated the performance of the CNN when adding instrumental effects.

Results.Overall, we find that without instrumental effects the 21 cm maps can be used to reconstruct the associated reionisation times field in a satisfying manner. The quality of the reconstruction is dependent on the redshift at which the 21 cm observation is being made, and in general it is found that small-scale features (< 10 cMpch−1) are smoothed in the reconstructed field, while larger-scale features are recovered well. When instrumental effects are included, the scale dependence of reconstruction is even further pronounced, with significant smoothing on small and intermediate scales.

Conclusions.The reionisation time field can be reconstructed, at least partially, from 21 cm maps of IGM during the epoch of reionisation. This quantity can thus be derived in principle from observations, and should then provide a means to investigate the effect of local histories of reionisation on the first structures that appear in a given region.
Prediction of Arterial Blood pCO2 by Measuring the Ventilating Gas Exhaust pCO2 from a Bubble Oxygenator
Authors: Riley Jeffrey B.
Published: October 2023

Ventilating gas exhaust pCO2 (PexCO2) was continuously monitored by a mass spectrometer during hypothermic, total heart lung bypass employing a bubble oxygenator. The hypothesis that the arterial blood pCO2, temperature corrected to the arterial blood temperature (pCO2, TBo) is in equilibrium with the PexCO2 was tested.

While the PexCO2 trends well with the pCO2, TBo during rapid cooling, it assumes a lower value compared to the arterial pCO2 corrected to the nasopharyngeal temperature (pCO2, TNP) because the blood temperature is much less than nasopharyngeal.

During warming, PexCO2 reads consistently lower than pCO2, TBo apparently due to increased blood CO2 removal (V̇CO2) and an inability of the PexCO2 to come to equilibrium with pCO2, TBo in the oxygenator. During low V̇CO2 and steady state conditions, PexCO2 predicts pCO2, TBo well (r = .803, p <.01 ). The percent disagreement of PexCO2 and pCO2, TBo is a linear function of the V̇CO2 (r = −.606, p <.01).
Treating Massive Air Embolism
Authors: Valk Albert J. , Kanten Richard A. , Oosterheert Mark
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present concepts regarding the physiology and treatment of massive air embolism resulting from cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. This includes physical, pharmacological, transport, and hyperbaric measures. The concepts and review of the literature are presented to aid the cardiovascular surgical team in formulating a protocol for handling and treating air embolism.
„Wahl der Lappenplastik zur Phalloplastik – was ist
zeitgemäßer Standard“ – Konsensus-Bericht der
deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Mikrochirurgie der peripheren
Nerven und Gefäße
Authors: Küenzlen Lara , Wallmichrath Jens Christian , Küntscher Markus V. , Rothenberger Jens , Laback Christian , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Schaff Jürgen , Bozkurt Ahmet , Djedovic Gabriel , Langer Stefan , Hirsch Tobias , Rieger Ulrich
Published: October 2023

Das Interesse am Aufbau eines Penoids wird von Seiten der stetig
wachsenden Zahl an trans Männern wie auch der sie betreuenden Chirurgen
zunehmend größer. Während die Indikation zur Operation
und die positive Auswirkung der Phalloplastik auf die Lebensqualität,
psychische Gesundheit und sexuelle Funktion der Patienten bereits
überzeugend nachgewiesen wurde, fehlt es an Daten, die die operativen
Teilschritte bewerten und vergleichen. Im Rahmen des Konsensus-Workshops der 43.
Jahrestagung der Deutschsprachigen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für
Mikrochirurgie der peripheren Nerven und Gefäße zum Thema
„Wahl der Lappenplastik zur Phalloplastik – was ist
zeitgemäßer Standard?“ wurde die vorhandene Literatur
diskutiert und Empfehlungen zur operativen Technik der Phalloplastik
konsentiert. Die Beschlüsse für die folgenden Themen werden hier
dargelegt: Auswahl der Lappenplastik zur Phalloplastik, Präoperative
Diagnostik vor Phalloplastik, Urethrakonstruktion bei der Radialis- und
ALT-Lappenplastik, Präformierung der Urethra am Unterarm oder
Oberschenkel, Venöse Drainage der Radialislappenplastik, Innervation des
Penoids, „staged“ Phalloplastik, Glansplastik und Versorgung des
Hebedefektes nach Radialislappenplastik.
Strategic partner election: proposal for a Binary Logistic Model for the European Union
Authors: Rivera Pablo Podadera , Garashchuk Anna
Published: October 2023

The European Union awarded the special status of strategic partner to ten states. Its key partners are dissimilar in political philosophies and structure, power status, ethical values, economic development, unequal in size and mineral reserves. Some of them are traditional Post-Second World War partners while the others have established recent partnerships in a new multipolar world order. However, from the very beginning the EU Conception of Strategic Partnership was just an assemblage of political statements without any official definition and clear established criteria for being chosen as a strategic partner. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the strategic partnership phenomenon in EU Foreign Policy and provide our own definition of the term with a view to underpin it subsequently by common criteria. Based upon obtained main components the Binary Logistic Model was applied, which not only did allow to make the election of EU strategic partners more science-based but also propose the potential EU partners.
Fatalistic normalisation, daunted managerialism and afflictive condemnation as forms of slow violence
Authors: Yetiş Erman Örsan , Bakırlıoğlu Yekta
Published: October 2023

Slow violence is an analytical concept that reveals the unseen and unrecognised forms of violence that accumulate over time and space, leading to devastating environmental and social consequences. This paper argues that slow violence involves discursive practices that render violence-producing mechanisms and processes invisible, concealed, and misrecognised and ensure the continuance of violent systems by hindering cognitive and emotional awareness of the links between different forms of violence and social harms, and thus, any potential resistance against them. These discursive practices are identified as fatalistic normalisation, daunted managerialism, and afflictive condemnation, all of which operate in tandem to veil the links between different forms of violence and social harm. The paper provides an operational framework of slow violence to help unveil these links and pave the way towards cognitive and emotional awareness for radical social transformation.
Diamond nitrogen-vacancy color-centered thermometer for integrated circuit application
Authors: Chen Guobin , Wu Di , Xue Yawen , Ma Wenhao , He Feiyue , Du Guanxiang , Zhou Li
Published: October 2023

With the advancement of the chip industry, accurate temperature measurement and thermal management have become crucial. Traditional infrared temperature imaging has limitations in terms of resolution and accuracy. ln recent years, quantum diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers have emerged as a promising option for temperature sensing, but separating temperature from magnetic field effects remains a challenge. This paper presents a numerical approach to decouple temperature and magnetic fields using an ensemble Hamiltonian in high-current density Integrated Circuit (IC) applications. The proposed method demonstrates a temperature sensitivity of 22.9 mK/Hz1/2 and the ability to perform scanning temperature imaging with a spatial resolution of 20 µm on a typical IC.
Stability of an axisymmetric two-grain system with a hole
Authors: Zigelman Anna , Novick-Cohen Amy
Published: October 2023

The stability of holes in solid thin films is crucial, as an absence of holes is necessary in some applications and holes are needed in others. We develop an axisymmetric two grain model with a central hole, with surface diffusion governing the exterior surfaces and mean curvature motion governing the grain boundary. The model can exhibit grooving, wetting, dewetting, as well as void, hole, and hillock formation. Here, we extend an earlier work [Zigelman and Novick-Cohen, J. Appl. Phys. 130, 175301 (2021)], where it was shown for an axisymmetric single grain system with a hole at the center that there exists a critical effective radius, which is independent of the contact angle. The stability of the steady states, which consist of coupled nodoidal and catenoidal surfaces, is analyzed numerically by imposing the steady state configurations as initial conditions. This approach yields stability criteria in terms of (i) the effective energy, (ii) the ratio between the maximal thickness of the inner and outer grains, (iii) a generalized effective radius, and (iv) the ratio between the mean curvature of the exterior surfaces and the total volume of the system. Some of these criteria partially reflect the Rayleigh stability criterion. Hillock formation tends to be stabilizing. Modes of instability include growth of one grain at the expense of the other, breakup induced by grooving, and hole closure.
Electrical and optical characterization of a cage discharge plasma device for surface processing
Authors: Bakry A. M. , Garamoon A. A. , Nossair A. M. , Hassaballa S.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we developed a cage discharge plasma device, which generates a uniformly axially elongated negative glow plasma. The device is equipped with six stainless steel rod-shaped cathode electrodes and anodes distributed consecutively along the discharge chamber. Electron temperature (Te) and electron energy distribution functions (EEDFs) were measured using single and double electric probes under different experimental conditions. Single-probe measurements confirmed the existence of high- and low-energy groups of electrons. For both of these groups, Te peaks near the edge of the electrode and decreases sharply as the electrons move radially toward the edge of the negative glow region. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to calculate Te by applying the intensity ratio of the helium emission lines. The calculated Te using OES is generally in agreement with Te of the high-energy group measured by a single probe. On the other hand, the Te measured by the double probe was mostly consistent with Te of the low-energy group measured by the single probe. Ion densities measured with single and dual probes increased sharply near the cathode until reaching a point approximating the thickness of the cathode sheath and then increased slightly to reach a maximum value (∼1.6 × 109 cm−3) in the center of the discharge tube. EEDFs have been determined at different gas pressures, discharge currents, and radial positions, using single-probe technique. The density of the low-energy group increases, and the peaks move to lower energies in the direction of the center of the tube.
The role of structural heterogeneity in the homodimerization of transmembrane proteins
Authors: Majumder Ayan , Straub John E.
Published: October 2023

The equilibrium association of transmembrane proteins plays a fundamental role in membrane protein function and cellular signaling. While the study of the equilibrium binding of single pass transmembrane proteins has received significant attention in experiment and simulation, the accurate assessment of equilibrium association constants remains a challenge to experiment and simulation. In experiment, there remain wide variations in association constants derived from experimental studies of the most widely studied transmembrane proteins. In simulation, state-of-the art methods have failed to adequately sample the thermodynamically relevant structures of the dimer state ensembles using coarse-grained models. In addition, all-atom force fields often fail to accurately assess the relative free energies of the dimer and monomer states. Given the importance of this fundamental biophysical process, it is essential to address these shortcomings. In this work, we establish an effective computational protocol for the calculation of equilibrium association constants for transmembrane homodimer formation. A set of transmembrane protein homodimers, used in the parameterization of the MARTINI v3 force field, are simulated using metadynamics, based on three collective variables. The method is found to be accurate and computationally efficient, providing a standard to be used in the future simulation studies using coarse-grained or all-atom models.
Optimal parameters of HgTe/CdHgTe multiple quantum well structures for generating two-dimensional plasmon-phonons
Authors: Aleshkin V. Ya. , Rudakov A. O. , Morozov S. V.
Published: October 2023

This work is devoted to finding the optimal parameters of the HgTe/CdHgTe multi-quantum-well structure for the generation of two-dimensional plasmon-phonons under optical excitation. It is shown that a decrease in the bandgap and an increase in the number of quantum wells lead to two consequences. The first is a decrease in the nonequilibrium carrier threshold concentration and the threshold power density of optical excitation required for the plasmon-phonon gain. The second is a significant (tens of times) decrease in the effective refractive index of the generated plasmon-phonons, which improves the output of the plasmon-phonon radiation from the edge of the structure. The value of the optimal bandgap and the optimal number of quantum wells in the structure for plasmon-phonon gain are discussed.
Toward dynamic stability assessment of power grid topologies using graph neural networks
Authors: Nauck Christian , Lindner Michael , Schürholt Konstantin , Hellmann Frank
Published: October 2023

To mitigate climate change, the share of renewable energies in power production needs to be increased. Renewables introduce new challenges to power grids regarding the dynamic stability due to decentralization, reduced inertia, and volatility in production. Since dynamic stability simulations are intractable and exceedingly expensive for large grids, graph neural networks (GNNs) are a promising method to reduce the computational effort of analyzing the dynamic stability of power grids. As a testbed for GNN models, we generate new, large datasets of dynamic stability of synthetic power grids and provide them as an open-source resource to the research community. We find that GNNs are surprisingly effective at predicting the highly non-linear targets from topological information only. For the first time, performance that is suitable for practical use cases is achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of these models to accurately identify particular vulnerable nodes in power grids, so-called troublemakers. Last, we find that GNNs trained on small grids generate accurate predictions on a large synthetic model of the Texan power grid, which illustrates the potential for real-world applications.
A framework for combined simulations of electromigration induced stress evolution, void nucleation, and its dynamics: Application to nano-interconnect reliability
Authors: Saleh A. S. , Croes K. , Ceric H. , De Wolf I. , Zahedmanesh H.
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive physics-based modeling framework for electromigration (EM) in copper nano-interconnects is presented. It combines the three stages of stress evolution, void nucleation, and void dynamics in a single fully coupled and consolidated platform. Mechanical stress evolution, pre- and post-void nucleation, and its impact on void dynamics are deciphered, which enables accurate predictions of EM aging processes as validated by dedicated EM experiments. Subsequently, the experimentally validated model is utilized to shed light on the impact of a number of manufacturing variables, namely, line extension, via taper angle, and the effectiveness of the via bottom flux divergence point. A linear correlation between the ion leakage through the via bottom barrier and the peak tensile stress at the cathode was observed in long lines. In short lines, a blocked cathode end with atomic leakage through the anode end weakens the back-stress effect and threatens the Blech effect induced interconnect immortality. Increasing the line extension length was shown to increase the EM lifetime by about 40%. This impact was saturated beyond 1 critical dimension of line extension. On the other hand, the via taper angle increased the upstream EM lifetime by about twofold when the taper angle was increased from 0° to 30°, which indicates that the change of via taper angle has a stronger impact on EM lifetime compared to the line extension.
Complete and partial time-delay signature suppression in a laser array
Authors: Petrenko A. A. , Kovalev A. V. , Viktorov E. A.
Published: October 2023

We model dynamics of a quantum dot based micropillar laser array subject to the time-delayed optical feedback. The global coupling provided by the feedback generates a rich set of various instabilities including chaotic regimes with strong time-delay signature in the autocorrelation function. We demonstrate that the dispersion of the array coupling phases leads to effective suppression of the time-delay signature due to the dispersion of the system’s internal timescales. We find that the transition to the complete suppression of the time-delay signature appears via a chimera state where highly correlated and non-correlated laser outputs coexist. The degree of correlation in the chimera state depends on the coupling phase dispersion.
Deciphering the non-covalent interactions in the furan⋯hexane complex using rotational spectroscopy and theoretical analyses
Authors: Ma Jiarui , Insausti Aran , Hazrah Arsh S. , Xu Yunjie
Published: October 2023

The rotational spectrum of a binary complex formed between furan and n-hexane was investigated using a chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the range of 2–6 GHz. While furan has only one conformer, n-hexane exists in multiple conformations. The conformational landscape of the binary complex was systematically explored by using a semiempirical conformational search tool, namely CREST. The CREST conformational candidates were subjected to further geometry optimization and harmonic frequency calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ/def2-TZVP level of theory, resulting in 34 minima within an energy window of 5 kJ mol−1. The three most stable furan⋯hexane minima all contain the most stable n-hexane conformer subunit and are separated by relatively low conformational conversion barriers. Additional calculations were carried out to support the conclusive identification of the global minimum structure responsible for the set of assigned rotational transitions. These include calculations at the B3LYP-D3BJ level with the aug-cc-pVTZ and 6-311++G(d,p) basis sets and the MP2/def2-TZVP level, as well as the single point energy calculations at the CCSD(T)-F12/cc-pVDZ level. Further non-covalent interaction and principal interacting orbital analyses show that the synergy of the πfuran → σ*hexane and σhexane → π*furan interactions plays an important role in stabilizing the observed furan–hexane conformer.
Reduction of edge beading defects on rectangular substrates using a rotation about an axis perpendicular to the spin axis
Authors: Weidner David E. , Mahmoodi Soroosh
Published: October 2023

Here, we consider the coating dynamics of a binary liquid on a rectangular substrate that both spins and rotates about an axis perpendicular to the spin axis. This rotation causes not only a force parallel to the substrate but a large normal force on the horizontal region of the substrate, known as elevated gravity. This force not only smooths out any irregularities in the film, it also causes an increase in the evaporation rate, resulting in a higher viscosity, which in turn decreases the thinning of the coating due to centrifugal forces. We derive the lubrication form of the governing equations for such a geometry that includes surface tension and body forces acting on the liquid due to the spinning and rotation of the substrate, as well as viscosity changes and surface tension gradients due to evaporation of the volatile component. The resultant coupled nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically using an efficient alternating direction implicit method. The numerical results indicate that the rotation can reduce edge beading defects for parameters typically employed by the spin coating industry. It is particularly effective for small average coating thicknesses, where it can almost eliminate edge beading. Surface tension gradients, which act in the post rotation dry phase, can also further affect edge beading, particularly in the corner regions.
Effects of pulsed hydrogen injection on mixing and combustion performance in a supersonic flow field
Authors: Yan Ming , Tian Ye , Wang Gang , Le Jialing
Published: October 2023

An unsteady numerical method based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations was developed to study the effects of a sine-wave pulsed-injection strategy on the hydrogen/airflow operating performance and flow structure (mixing and combustion process) in a supersonic flow field. In the numerical simulations, hydrogen was injected transversely into a supersonic flow field at different sine-wave pulse frequencies, after which it underwent mixing with the free stream and combustion. Compared with steady injection, it was found that pulsed injection can improve the mixing performance with its characteristic alternating high and low pressures, and different pulse frequencies were found to produce diverse effects. Additionally, the mixing length, which is related to the uniformity in the distribution of the hydrogen mass fraction, was found to be proportional to the penetration depth in the flow field. Both the mixing length and penetration depth of the fuel were found to be shortest at a pulse frequency of 5 kHz. Within a certain frequency range, a pulsed-injection strategy can modify the heat-release law, decrease the length of the pre-combustion shock train, and improve combustion performance. The penetration depth was found to be the greatest at a pulse frequency of 10 kHz, and this increased the thrust augmentation by 0.14%.
Oscillatory dynamics in a reaction network based on imine hydrolysis
Authors: Lantos Emese , Tóth Ágota , Horváth Dezső
Published: October 2023

We have built an autocatalytic reaction network, based on the hydrolysis of certain imines, which exhibits bistability in an open system. The positive feedback originates from the interplay of fast acid–base equilibria, leading to hydroxide ion production, and pH-dependent hydrolysis rates. The addition of a first-order removal of the autocatalyst can result in sustained pH oscillations close to physiological conditions. The unit-amplitude pH oscillations are accompanied by the stoichiometric conversion of imine into amine back and forth. A systematic parameter search is carried out to characterize the rich observable dynamics and identify the evolving bifurcations.
Investigation of microflow mechanisms and emulsion size distribution in porous media
Authors: Wang Huiyu , Wei Bei , Hou Jian , Sun Zezheng , Du Qingjun , Zhou Kang
Published: October 2023

Crude oil in underground porous media can be emulsified by surfactants, which can lead to improved oil recovery. However, there have been limited investigations revealing the interactions between emulsions and grains and comparing the influence of different factors on the distribution of emulsions in porous media at the pore scale. In this study, a solution containing surfactant was injected into an oil-saturated microchip with heterogeneous pore geometries. A series of tests were conducted by varying the injection rate, surfactant concentration, oil viscosity, and displacing phase viscosity. Qualitative analysis of flow mechanisms and quantitative analysis of the distribution of emulsions were performed through pore-scale snapshots. The results demonstrate that emulsions undergo deformation, breakup, and retention in porous media. Furthermore, new micro-interactions between emulsion droplets and grains are discovered, including the impact effect, cutting effect, and the synergy of both effects. A high flow rate of the displacing phase promotes the formation of more and smaller emulsions, while a low flow rate encourages flow diversion. An increase in oil viscosity and a decrease in surfactant concentration are not conducive to the formation of emulsions. However, an increase in the displacing phase viscosity promotes the formation of emulsions and flow diversion. The experiments provide detailed insights into the flow behaviors of emulsions at pore scale and offer valuable information for surfactant flooding.
Treatment of maternal syphilis for preventing congenital syphilis: an observational study of adherence to treatment recommendation in Suzhou, China, 2019–2021
Authors: Mo Xing-Fan , Feng Ming-Zhi , Jiang Ting-Ting , Xu Ya-Ting , Wu Min-Juan , Li Jing-Jing , Wu Min-Zhi , Yin Yue-Ping , Chen Xiang-Sheng
Published: October 2023

Background China is one of the countries that set the goal to eliminate mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of syphilis by a target date. Active screening for syphilis among pregnant women, followed by effective treatment of maternal syphilis, is critical for achieving the goal. The China health authority issued national implementation protocols to guide EMTCT practice in health facilities. Methods Within a cohort of infants born to mothers infected with syphilis, we obtained the data of regimens used for treatment of maternal syphilis from the National Information System of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B, and analysed the physician’s treatment behaviour and its associated factors in a public hospital in Suzhou of China. Results A total of 450 pregnant women who were positive for treponemal or non-treponemal antibody, or had previous infection with syphilis were included into the study for analysis. Of them, 260 (57.8%) were positive for both treponemal and non-treponemal antibodies (syphilis seropositivity), and 353 (78.4%) were treated for syphilis according to the protocol in which 123 (34.8%) were treated with two courses. Non-adherence to treatment recommended by the protocol for maternal syphilis was significantly associated with antenatal visits in the third trimester (AOR 6.65, 95% CI 2.20–20.07, P = 0.001), being positive only for a treponemal test (AOR 5.34, 95% CI 3.07–9.29, P < 0.001) or having a syphilis infection before the pregnancy (AOR 2.05, 95% CI 1.14–3.69, P = 0.017), whereas the uptake of treatment for two treatment courses was associated with attending antenatal care in 2020 or before (AOR 3.49, 95% CI 1.89–6.42, P < 0.001), being positive for treponemal and non-treponemal tests (AOR 5.28, 95% CI 2.78–10.06, P < 0.001) or having non-treponemal antibody titre of ≥1:8 (AOR 3.71, 95% CI 1.77–7.78, P = 0.001). Conclusions Implementation of the current recommendation to offer a universal treatment for syphilis among all pregnant women who are shown to be positive for a treponemal test alone is challenging in some clinical settings in China.
The scientific reinvention of forensic science
Authors: Koehler Jonathan J. , Mnookin Jennifer L. , Saks Michael J.
Published: October 2023

Forensic science is undergoing an evolution in which a long-standing “trust the examiner” focus is being replaced by a “trust the scientific method” focus. This shift, which is in progress and still partial, is critical to ensure that the legal system uses forensic information in an accurate and valid way. In this Perspective, we discuss the ways in which the move to a more empirically grounded scientific culture for the forensic sciences impacts testing, error rate analyses, procedural safeguards, and the reporting of forensic results. However, we caution that the ultimate success of this scientific reinvention likely depends on whether the courts begin to engage with forensic science claims in a more rigorous way.
Interpretable algorithmic forensics
Authors: Garrett Brandon L. , Rudin Cynthia
Published: October 2023

One of the most troubling trends in criminal investigations is the growing use of “black box” technology, in which law enforcement rely on artificial intelligence (AI) models or algorithms that are either too complex for people to understand or they simply conceal how it functions. In criminal cases, black box systems have proliferated in forensic areas such as DNA mixture interpretation, facial recognition, and recidivism risk assessments. The champions and critics of AI argue, mistakenly, that we face a catch 22: While black box AI is not understandable by people, they assume that it produces more accurate forensic evidence. In this Article, we question this assertion, which has so powerfully affected judges, policymakers, and academics. We describe a mature body of computer science research showing how “glass box” AI—designed to be interpretable—can be more accurate than black box alternatives. Indeed, black box AI performs predictably
worse
in settings like the criminal system. Debunking the black box performance myth has implications for forensic evidence, constitutional criminal procedure rights, and legislative policy. Absent some compelling—or even credible—government interest in keeping AI as a black box, and given the constitutional rights and public safety interests at stake, we argue that a substantial burden rests on the government to justify black box AI in criminal cases. We conclude by calling for judicial rulings and legislation to safeguard a right to interpretable forensic AI.
Forestation at the right time with the right species can generate persistent carbon benefits in China
Authors: Xu Hao , Yue Chao , Zhang Yao , Liu Dan , Piao Shilong
Published: October 2023

Previous evaluations on the biophysical potential of forest carbon sink have focused on forestation area distribution and the associated carbon stock for equilibrium-state forests after centuries-long growth. These approaches, however, have limited relevance for climate policies because they ignore the near-term and mid-term decadal carbon uptake dynamics and suitable forest species for forestation. This study developed a forestation roadmap to support China’s “carbon neutrality” objective in 2060 by addressing three key questions of forestation: where, with what forest species, and when to afforest. The results yielded a high-confidence potential forestation map for China at a resolution of 1 km with the identified optimal native forest type or species. Our analysis revealed an additional 78 Mha suitable for forestation up to the 2060s, a 43% increase on the current forest area. Selecting forest species for maximal carbon stock in addition to maximizing local environmental suitability enabled almost a doubling in forest carbon sink potential. Progressive forestation of this area can fix a considerable amount of CO
2
and compensate for the carbon sink decline in existing forests. Altogether, the entire forest ecosystem can support a persistent biophysical carbon sink potential of 0.4 Pg C y
−1
by 2060 and 0.2 Pg C y
−1
by 2100, offsetting 7 to 14% of the current national fossil CO
2
emissions. Our research provides an example of building a forestation roadmap toward a sustained forest carbon sink, which creates a critical time window for the emission cuts required by the goal of carbon neutrality.
A 3D biomimetic model of lymphatics reveals cell–cell junction tightening and lymphedema via a cytokine-induced ROCK2/JAM-A complex
Authors: Lee Esak , Chan Siu-Lung , Lee Yang , Polacheck William J. , Kwak Sukyoung , Wen Aiyun , Nguyen Duc-Huy T. , Kutys Matthew L. , Alimperti Stella , Kolarzyk Anna M. , Kwak Tae Joon , Eyckmans Jeroen , Bielenberg Diane R. , Chen Hong , Chen Christopher S.
Published: October 2023

Impaired lymphatic drainage and lymphedema are major morbidities whose mechanisms have remained obscure. To study lymphatic drainage and its impairment, we engineered a microfluidic culture model of lymphatic vessels draining interstitial fluid. This lymphatic drainage-on-chip revealed that inflammatory cytokines that are known to disrupt blood vessel junctions instead tightened lymphatic cell–cell junctions and impeded lymphatic drainage. This opposing response was further demonstrated when inhibition of rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) was found to normalize fluid drainage under cytokine challenge by simultaneously loosening lymphatic junctions and tightening blood vessel junctions. Studies also revealed a previously undescribed shift in ROCK isoforms in lymphatic endothelial cells, wherein a ROCK2/junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) complex emerges that is responsible for the cytokine-induced lymphatic junction zippering. To validate these in vitro findings, we further demonstrated in a genetic mouse model that lymphatic-specific knockout of ROCK2 reversed lymphedema in vivo. These studies provide a unique platform to generate interstitial fluid pressure and measure the drainage of interstitial fluid into lymphatics and reveal a previously unappreciated ROCK2-mediated mechanism in regulating lymphatic drainage.
Grid cells in rats deprived of geometric experience during development
Authors: Ulsaker-Janke Ingvild , Waaga Torgeir , Waaga Tanja , Moser Edvard I. , Moser May-Britt
Published: October 2023

The medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is part of the brain’s network for dynamic representation of location. The most abundant class of neurons in this circuit is the grid cell, characterized by its periodic, hexagonally patterned firing fields. While in developing animals some MEC cell types express adult-like firing patterns already on the first exposure to an open spatial environment, only days after eye opening, grid cells mature more slowly, over a 1-to-2-wk period after the animals leave their nest. Whether the later emergence of a periodic grid pattern reflects a need for experience with spatial environments has not been determined. We here show that grid-like firing patterns continue to appear during exploration of open square environments in rats that are raised for the first months of their life in opaque spherical environments, in the absence of stable reference boundaries to guide spatial orientation. While strictly periodic firing fields were initially absent in these animals, clear grid patterns developed after only a few trials of training. In rats that were tested in the same open environment but raised for the first months of life in opaque cubes, with sharp vertical boundaries, grid-like firing was from the beginning indistinguishable from that of nondeprived control animals growing up in large enriched cages. Thus, although a minimum of experience with peripheral geometric boundaries is required for expression of regular grid patterns in a new environment, the effect of restricted spatial experience is overcome with short training, consistent with a preconfigured experience-independent basis for the grid pattern.
Translating emotions
Authors: Oster Ulrike
Published: October 2023

This paper is a corpus-based study of how translation affects the portrayal of emotion concepts. It aims to
establish whether there are differences between translated texts and original texts in a given language as to how emotions are
expressed and whether emotion conceptualization in the translated texts is closer to that of the source or the target language. To
do so, the study focuses on one emotion in a specific language combination: the conceptual domain of anger in German and
Spanish. In a first step, analysis of two large reference corpora provides a contrastive description of the concept anger
as represented by prototypical emotion lexemes in both languages (Wut, Zorn and Ärger in German
and ira, rabia, enojo in Spanish). Then, the parallel corpus COVALT is used to study three aspects of
the expression of anger in Spanish translated texts: conceptual metaphor, physical effects and consequences of the
emotion. Analysis of the use of conceptual metaphor shows that both source and target language preferences are present in the
target texts. A more marked deviation from target language conventions can be observed in the translation of expressions referring
to the physical effects or consequences of anger.
Simulated bending test analysis of 23% efficient lead-free flexible perovskite solar cell with different bending states
Authors: Kashyap Savita , Pandey Rahul , Madan Jaya
Published: October 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a promising technology for developing highly efficient and low-cost photovoltaic (PV) devices. However, toxicity is the primary limiting factor that is restraining the use of traditional PSCs. Therefore, lead-free PSCs have been considered the best alternative due to lead toxicity and environmental impact. The secondary obstacle hindering the potential of PSCs for wearable applications is their limited flexibility. Therefore, lead-free flexible PSC (F-PSC) device is designed and simulated through the Silvaco-TCAD tool in this work. Despite the significant advancements made in F-PSCs, insufficient research is conducted to examine their performance under different bending states to study the reliability of the device’s flexibility. Here, three different bending states have been reported to investigate the proposed device performance, viz. convex, concave, and sinusoidal. The impact of bending radius (BR) in convex and concave from 5 to 20 mm and bending amplitude (BA) in the sinusoidal state from 0.5 to 2 mm is studied and analyzed to optimize the device performance. The performance of the proposed lead-free F-PSC is explored in terms of the current density (JV) curve, PV parameters, and external quantum efficiency (EQE). Optimized PV parameters of the proposed F-PSC are: short-circuit current density (JSC) of 33.45 mA cm−2, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.925 V, fill factor (FF) of 77.15% and PCE of 23.87%. The findings of the reported study would significantly provide a path for the development of F-PSC.
Existence of Ricci soliton vector fields on Vaidya spacetime
Authors: Khatri Mohan , Chhakchhuak Zosangzuala , Lalduhawma LP
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of the Vaidya spacetime admitting a Ricci soliton vector field, where we have found the expressions for the four components of the vector field, and we have shown, under this condition, that the spacetime reduces to the Schwarzschild spacetime. Moreover, we have found the desired expression for the potential function h to satisfy in order for a gradient Ricci soliton vector field to exist on the Vaidya spacetime.
Symmetry and complexity: A Lie symmetry approach to bifurcation, chaos, stability and travelling wave solutions of the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation
Authors: Hamza Rafiq Muhammad , Jhangeer Adil , Raza Nauman
Published: October 2023

This work delves into the investigation of the nonlinear dynamics pertaining to the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, which describes the propagation of long-wave with dissipation and dispersion in nonlinear media. The research entails an exploration of symmetry reductions using Lie group analysis, an analysis of the dynamical system’s characteristics through bifurcation phase portraits, and a study of the perturbed dynamical system’s dynamic behavior through chaos theory. Chaotic behavior is identified using various tools for detecting chaos, including the Lyapunov exponent, 3D phase portrait, Poincare map, time series analysis, and an exploration of the presence of multistability in the autonomous system under different initial conditions. Additionally, the research applies the unified Riccati equation expansion method to solve the considered equation analytically and constructs the general solutions of solitary wave solutions such as trigonometric function solutions, periodic and singular soliton solutions. These solutions come with their associated constraint conditions and are demonstrated through visual representations in the form of 2D, 3D, and density plots with carefully selected parameters. Furthermore, the stability analysis of the considered equation is also discussed and shown graphically. The results of this work are relevant and have applications in describing the propagation of long-wave with dissipation and dispersion in nonlinear media.
Hybrid dielectric slot-plasmonic ring resonator for Purcell enhancement
Authors: Mirzaei-Ghormish S , Smalley D E , Shahabadi M , Mohammad-Taheri M , Camacho Ryan M
Published: October 2023

We present a computational study of Purcell factor enhancement for a novel hybrid-plasmonic ring resonator using a novel implementation of the body-of-revolution (BOR) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. In this hybrid structure, a dielectric slot ring is surrounded by a metallic ring such that a hybrid plasmonic mode is generated within two thin low-index gaps. The surrounding metallic ring decreases the binding loss for small ring radii, leading to high-quality factors and mode-field confinement. The hybrid resonator shows high quality-factor values above 103 and small mode volumes down to

10

−
3

λ

n

3

simultaneously, thus providing large Purcell factors (F

p
> 104). The distributed strong confinement within two gaps renders the proposed resonator useful for multi-emitter applications.
Prediction of two-dimensional materials: TeXO6 (X = transition metals):structure and electronic properties
Authors: Wu Yi , Zhou Li-Ping , Wang Xue-Feng , You Wen-Long
Published: October 2023

Due to the extensive application of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials in spintronics and tunable nano-mechanical devices, many researchers have invested in the research of 2D semiconductor materials, and they have obtained many excellent research results. Utilizing the first-principles calculations and Green’s function, we forecast the monolayer TeXO6 (X = Cr, Fe, Zn) as new 2D materials with various advantageous functional features. The calculation results for TeCrO6, TeFeO6, and TeZnO6 show good stability and promise prospective application potential if the materials are experimental synthesis. With applied strain, TeCrO6 possesses an indirect band gap of 1.096 eV, which is predicted to be strongly manipulabe in this work. We use the density functional theory to investigate the structure and electrical characteristics of the monolayer (X = transition metals). Detailed simulations of their energetics, atomic structures, and electronic structures under the impact of a biaxial strain have been performed. It is discovered that whereas TeCrO6 does not, TeXO6 (with X = Sc, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) exhibit spin splitting at the ground state. With the application of compressive strain, the electronic band gap narrows. These materials’ band topologies have been discovered to be more susceptible to biaxial stresses. If a strain of 8% is applied, TeFeO6 may change from semimetal to semiconductor. Under baxial strain, TeCrO6 exhibits interesting Van Hove singularities and Mexican-hat-like bands. Due to all these desirable characteristics, 2D TeXO6 is a prospective option for use in a number of technologies, particularly for spintronic and electrical devices.
Robustness of transport properties to bending angles from edge-state contributions in flexible MoS2 nanoribbon
Authors: Xu Han , Tao Bairui , Zhang Bo , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yin , Yin Haitao
Published: October 2023

Monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered a promising candidate for high-performance flexible nanoelectronics in the future. The robustness of conductivity against bending is critical for the stability of flexible electronic devices. We proposed an all-MoS2 nanoribbon-based junction consisting of a 2H semiconducting phase MoS2 nanoribbon sandwiched between two 1 T metallic phase MoS2 electrodes. The junction exhibits better conducting behavior due to the contribution of the nanoribbon’s edge states and is insensitive to the bending angle of the semiconducting region when the bending angle is close up to 30°. These results suggest that this system is very promising for flexible nanoelectronics.