bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Market Share and Price Premium of GI Foods—The Case of the Hungarian Food Discounters
Authors: Jantyik Lili , Török Áron
Published: February 2020

The food security of the European Union heavily relies on the food quality systems where Geographical Indications (GI) play an important role. European food is considered world-wide secure and high quality, therefore European food names and designations represent value that should be protected as intellectual property. Despite the importance of GIs in Europe, the availability of the related economic data is very limited, and the only available comprehensive database (in the case of GI foods, the Database of Origin and Registration (DOOR)) details only some very basic and mainly administrative characteristics of such products. From an economic perspective, market size and price premium of these products are the most important in order to assess the economic sustainability of European GI foods. Empirical datasets describing these characteristics of GI products are scarcely available and can be collected only case by case. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the market size for food products with geographical indications available in Hungary (excluding wines and spirits) and their price premium compared to their direct substitute products, based on empirical data. We conducted monthly mystery shopping for one year (January–December 2018) at three food discount stores (Lidl, Aldi, and Penny Market) operating in Budapest. We collected data on all the GI products available in the stores and their closest substitutes; then the dataset was subsequently analysed and compared to the main characteristics of the DOOR database. The reason for choosing the discounters is that these stores have expanded spectacularly in recent years and are mostly available to average consumers, both in Hungary and across Europe, and based on the main characteristics of this type of retail (limited product portfolio targeting price-sensitive consumers), the data collected here can be considered to indicate the minimum level of market share and price premium. Our results show that currently, GIs have only limited importance in the Hungarian food market, in terms of both the number of products and their market share, as only a small number of such products appear in the food discounters’ supply. As regards the premium achievable with consumer prices, the average price premium is remarkably high (43% on average), even in the case of discounters. Our empirical results also suggest that in Hungary, there is an opportunity to increase the importance of GI foods, both in terms of availability and market share. For Hungarian GI food producers and processors, the level of price premium achievable in discounters might be attractive enough to stimulate their presence in the market.
Grazing of Dairy Cows in Europe—An In-Depth Analysis Based on the Perception of Grassland Experts
Authors: van den Pol-van Dasselaar Agnes , Hennessy Deirdre , Isselstein Johannes
Published: February 2020

Grazing is inherently close to the nature of herbivores, but no longer applied everywhere in Europe. Therefore, the perception of grassland experts on the occurrence, importance, constraints, solutions and future of grazing of dairy cows was studied. The study builds on results from the European Grassland Federation Working Group Grazing in the period 2010–2019. Both surveys and focus group meetings were used. There is a clear trend of reduced grazing in Europe. Since grazing is valued by different stakeholders and provides many ecosystem services, solutions to the constraints to grazing must be found. Constraints can be divided into region specific constraints, farm specific constraints and farmer specific constraints. The solutions include developing new knowledge, bringing the knowledge already available to practice and rewarding farmers for grazing as a service to society. If grazing is not supported, it will further decline. However, a joined endeavour has the potential to make a significant difference in transforming grass-based production systems and stimulating grazing.
Growth, Yield, and Water Productivity Responses of Pepper to Sub-Irrigated Planter Systems in a Greenhouse
Authors: Mashhor Marjan Vahabi , Mashal Mahmoud , Hashemi Garmdareh Seyyed Ebrahim , Reca Juan , Lao Maria Teresa , Veravipour Maryam , Ebrahimian Hamed
Published: February 2020

A sub-irrigated planter (SIP) is a container irrigation technique in which water is supplied to the crop from the bottom, stored in a saturated media-filled reservoir beneath an unsaturated soil, and then delivered by capillary action to the root zone. The aim of this study was to optimize the water management and to assess the performance of this technique in terms of water use efficiency, soil moisture, and solute distribution in comparison with surface irrigation in a Mediterranean greenhouse. The experiment consisted of four SIP treatments, with a constant water level in the bottom reservoir in order to evaluate the effect of two different irrigation salinities (1.2 and 2.2 dS m−1) and two depths of substrate profiles (25 and 15 cm). The results showed that SIP is capable of significantly improving both water-use efficiency and plant productivity compared with surface irrigation. Also, a 24% average reduction in water consumption was observed while using SIP. Moreover, SIPs with a higher depth were recommended as the optimum treatments within SIPs. The type of irrigation method affected the salinity distribution in the substrate profile; the highest salinity levels were registered at the top layers in SIPs, whereas the maximum salinity levels for the surface treatments were observed at the bottom layers. SIPs provide a practical solution for the irrigation of plants in areas facing water quality and scarcity problems.
The Impact of Purchase Subsidy on Enterprises’ R&D Efforts: Evidence from China’s New Energy Vehicle Industry
Authors: Jiang Cailou , Zhang Ying , Zhao Qun , Wu Chong
Published: February 2020

Purchase subsidy has been adopted to accelerate the diffusion of New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) in China. With a Multi-stage Difference-in-Differences (DID) method, this research investigates the impact of purchase subsidy on Research and Development (R&D) efforts of NEV enterprises. The results indicate that purchase subsidy for NEVs has a positive and significant impact on R&D efforts of NEV enterprises. The impact increases when the purchase subsidy rate decreases. When considering the influences of government procurement and exemption on purchase tax, the positive impact of purchase subsidy still remains significant. The policy implications are that the purchase subsidy rate should be reduced, and stricter technological requirements should be set to couple with the purchase subsidy.
Physical Education, Quality of Breathable Air and Their Effects on the Formation of High School Students as Sustainability in Maintaining the Lifestyle. Is the Physical Education Lesson Enough to Create Such Valences?
Authors: Plastoi Camelia , Butu Ioana , Țîrcă Diana-Mihaela , Ferrario Bianca , Mihai Ilie , Chivu Daniel , Guță Eduard Leonard
Published: February 2020

This study was conducted to emphasize the correlation between the number of physical education lessons with effects on the formation of high school students and the importance of practicing physical activities during the extra-class time in sustainable spaces with quality breathable air. The values were recorded in this cross-sectional study; on a number of 208 high school students; grades 9–12; tested for the level of manifesting their effort capacity acquired during the physical education lessons. The statistical analysis of the processed data highlights the obtained values: Weak 59% and 31% satisfactory for boys; and 53.92% weak; 34% satisfactory for girls. In conclusion; the necessity to carry out extra-curricular physical activities in an unpolluted environment and to acquire useful physical skills in carrying out different activities in society, promotes and generates sustainability in maintaining the lifestyle.
Factors in Assessing Recidivism Risk in Young Offenders
Authors: Navarro-Pérez José-Javier , Viera Marcelo , Calero Joana , Tomás José M.
Published: February 2020

The research aims to identify if the accumulation of protective and/or risk factors might predict the risk of recidivism in juvenile delinquents and determine the relative weight of both types of factors in the predictions themselves. The risk of criminal recidivism was assessed with the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth—SAVRY—instrument based on a sample of 192 Adolescents in Conflict with the Law—ACLs—held in juvenile detention centers in the Valencian Community (Spain). The results show that protective variables have greater relative consistency than risk variables when assessing recidivism risk in ACLs. The paper’s findings enable advances in the identification of antisocial behavior patterns using positive variables, and this in turn involves modifying any intervention proposals made by professionals of juvenile justice because psycho-socio-educational processes can now be dealt with on the basis of the ACLs’ potentialities (protective factors) rather than their deficiencies (risk factors) alone.
Exposure to Geo-Hydrological Hazards of the Metropolitan Area of Genoa, Italy: A Multi-Temporal Analysis of the Bisagno Stream
Authors: Paliaga Guido , Luino Fabio , Turconi Laura , Marincioni Fausto , Faccini Francesco
Published: February 2020

Geo-hydrological risk reduction policies are becoming a critical challenge for environmental sustainability, both at the national and international levels. The reason is twofold: On the one hand, climate change has increase rainfall frequency and intensity, while on the other, reckless urban expansion has increased exposure to such hazards over time. Italy is a country that is very vulnerable to flood and landslide hazard; the city of Genoa, which, in recent decades, has been frequently hit by severe floods, has risen to symbolize Italian geo-hydrological risk. Recent studies on Genoa’s geo-hydrological hazard have focused on the analysis of hydro-geomorphological features of the Bisagno stream basin, yet their main focus was on hazard control. Very little research has been done to enhance the understanding of the source of risk in such catchments. This paper presents a study on the increased urban exposure and vulnerability to geo-hydrological hazard along the Bisagno stream catchment area over the last 200 years. Morphometric analyses were coupled with historical documents showing the evolution of the urban layout in this area. The results show that the “Bisagno Master Plan”, a territorial planning strategy aimed at reducing geo-hydrological hazard and risk, has not produced the expected benefits. In spite of the plan, critical changes in land use and the hydrographic network, along with uncontrolled anthropization of the Genoa metropolitan area, has continued over the last two decades.
Assessment of Solar Energy Potential and Its Ecological-Economic Efficiency: Azerbaijan Case
Authors: Gulaliyev Mayis G. , Mustafayev Elchin R. , Mehdiyeva Gulsura Y.
Published: February 2020

The paper investigates resource, technical, economic and market potential of solar energy and its ecology and economic efficiency in Azerbaijan. The authors have distinguished six regions in the territory of Azerbaijan with different levels of solar radiation. The resource potential of the regions is calculated by the AutoCad program. As well, technical and economic potential was calculated by special methodology. The authors concluded that Azerbaijan has so much solar energy resource potential and it is possible to replace traditional carbon types of energy with solar energy, even by using the modern technical equipment. However, it is impossible because of economic disadvantages and very low electricity prices. The price of 1 kWh electricity from carbon fuels is several times cheaper than 1 kWh electricity from solar energy. That is why it is difficult to attract investments to develop solar power. There is a necessity to develop a new electricity price policy to stimulate attractiveness of solar power for households and industry.
The Living Lab as a Tool to Promote Residents’ Participation in Destination Governance
Authors: Thees Hannes , Pechlaner Harald , Olbrich Natalie , Schuhbert Arne
Published: February 2020

Growing numbers of tourist arrivals, in combination with community-centered tourism products, have fueled the recent debate on overtourism and a redefining of local steering processes. This has also called for the participation of residents in governance processes. One tool to utilize residents’ participation and cross-stakeholder involvement is the Living Lab (LL), which also functions as a medium for self-organization. This article tackles the research gap that exists in the combination of the LL mechanisms and destination governance (DG). Therefore, the research questions address the characteristics and mechanisms of LLs and the potential for residents’ participation. These efforts are operationalized through a systematic literature review (SLR) on LLs, which involves 40 articles. The transfer of the LL characteristics towards DG reveals that certain drivers and barriers exist when implementing the LL in the governance process, such as the combination of destination and city planning or the redefining of hierarchical structures. The SLR recommendations for future research are based on the interface of LL and DG.
Impact of the Interaction of Hepatitis B Virus with Mitochondria and Associated Proteins
Authors: Hossain Md. Golzar , Akter Sharmin , Ohsaki Eriko , Ueda Keiji
Published: February 2020

Around 350 million people are living with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can lead to death due to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Various antiviral drugs/nucleot(s)ide analogues are currently used to reduce or arrest the replication of this virus. However, many studies have reported that nucleot(s)ide analogue-resistant HBV is circulating. Cellular signaling pathways could be one of the targets against the viral replication. Several studies reported that viral proteins interacted with mitochondrial proteins and localized in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell. And a recent study showed that mitochondrial turnover induced by thyroid hormones protected hepatocytes from hepatocarcinogenesis mediated by HBV. Strong downregulation of numerous cellular signaling pathways has also been reported to be accompanied by profound mitochondrial alteration, as confirmed by transcriptome profiling of HBV-specific CD8 T cells from chronic and acute HBV patients. In this review, we summarize the ongoing research into mitochondrial proteins and/or signaling involved with HBV proteins, which will continue to provide insight into the relationship between mitochondria and HBV and ultimately lead to advances in viral pathobiology and mitochondria-targeted antiviral therapy.
SCIENCE CITIES IN SIBERIA: HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Orlov S.B. , Shelegina O.N.
Published: February 2020

This article examines the formation and operation process of a number of Siberian science cities and identifies up-to-date heritage and novations based on the analysis of the representative historiographic source, empirical base.
HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DENGAN LINGKAR LENGAN ATAS (LILA) PADA SISWA PUTRI DI SMA NEGERI 1 BERGAS KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Wahyuni Regina , Pontang Galeh Septiar , Mulyasari Indri
Published: February 2020

LatarBelakang: LILA merupakan gambaran jaringan otot dan lapisan lemak bawah kulit yang mencerminkan status kekurangan energi kronis (KEK). Asupan karbohidrat, lemak dan protein dapat mempengaruhi cadangan energi dalam tubuh.

Tujuan:Mengetahuihubungan asupan zat gizi makro dengan LILA pada siswa putri di SMA Negeri 1 Bergas Kabupaten Semarang.

Metode:Jenis penelitian ini adalah korelasional menggunakan pendekatan cross sectionaldengan populasi seluruh siswa putri usia 16-18 tahun di SMA Negeri 1 Bergas Kabupaten Semarang dan jumlah sampel 92 responden diambil dengan metode proportional random sampling. Asupan karbohidrat, lemak dan protein diukur menggunakan kuesioner FFQ semi kuantitatif. Lingkar lengan atas diukur menggunakan metlinedengan ketelitian 0,1 cm. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman (α=0,05).

Hasil:Asupan karbohidrat kategori kurang yaitu 16,3%, cukup 32,6% dan lebih 51,1%. Asupan lemak kategori kurang yaitu 70,6%, cukup 17,4% dan lebih 12%. Asupan protein kategori kurang yaitu 60,9%, cukup 23,9% dan lebih 15,2%. Ada hubungan asupan karbohidrat dan protein dengan LILA (p=0,006;p=0,048). Tidak ada hubungan asupan lemak dengan LILA (p=0,143).

Simpulan :Ada hubungan asupan karbohidrat dan protein dengan LILA pada siswa putri di SMA Negeri 1 Bergas Kabupaten Semarang. Tidak ada hubungan asupan lemak dengan LILA pada siswa putri di SMA Negeri 1 Bergas Kabupaten Semarang.
Chronic itch associated with systemic origin in patients of a multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Lamotkin Igor , Korabelnikov Daniil , Lamotkin Andrey
Published: February 2020

Introduction. Chronic itch is a frequent symptom of internal diseases and causes a significant decrease in the patients’ quality of life.

Objectives were to study the structure of internal diseases that cause chronic itch in patients in a multidisciplinary hospital, and the features of chronic itch in these diseases; to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatment regimens for chronic itch in these diseases; to evaluate the possibility of widespread use in clinical practice of the Numeric Rating Scale for the measuring the se-verity of chronic itch in the initial diagnosis and in the determination the effectiveness of treatment.

Patients and Methods. Chronic skin itching was studied in patients with various diseases undergoing inpatient treatment at the Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital. The study included 125 patients: 20 (16%) with chronic renal failure, 17 (13.6%) with liver diseases, 24 (19.2%) with myeloproliferative, 32 (25.6%) with lymphoproliferative and 32 (25.6%) endocrine diseases. In-dividual antipruritic therapy was selected for each patient with different systemic pathology, considering diseases that cause itching.

Results. The most effective drugs in the treatment of chronic itching in patients with chronic renal failure were sorbents, gabapentin and capsaicin in the form of an ointment or cream, with cholestasis - cholestyramine, ursodeoxycholic acid, rifampicin and tacrolimus in the form of an ointment, with true polycythemia - antihistamines and mast cell inhibitors, with Hodgkin's lymphoma and mycosis fungoides - mast cell inhibitors, gabapentin and ointments with glucocorticosteroid additives, with diabetes mellitus - antihistamines, mast cell inhibitors and external therapy with calamine, menthol, capsaicin and glucocorticosteroids, with hypothyroidism - emollients. In patients with myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative diseases and hyperthyroidism chronic itching completely disappeared only after effective treatment of the underlying disease.

Conclusion. For each form of itching and for each patient individual therapy should be selected. The most effective treatment for chronic skin itching associated with systemic origin is the successful treatment of the underlying disease. The numerical rating scale is a reliable scale for measuring the severity of itching, however, it cannot consider all the complexity and features of itching.
Anatomical features, fatty acid profile and tocopherol content of the Tunisian Cakile maritima subsp. maritima Scop. Fruit
Authors: Stambouli-Essassi Sondes , Mejri Faiza , Dhoueibi Manel , Mrabet Yassine , Harzallah-Skhiri Fethia , Hosni Karim
Published: February 2020

This study reported for the first time anatomical features, fatty acid composition and tocopherol content for the fruits of Cakile maritima subsp. maritima Scop. collected from two sites located at the coastal part of North Tunisia (Bizerte and Soliman). Anatomical investigations characterized the indehiscent siliqua of Soliman population. Transverse sections through fresh fruit show a large number of prismatic crystals located at the three first layers of the mesocarp, which parenchyma was characterized by the presence of large amounts of starch grains and solitary oil drops. A particular anatomical structure is identified at the valves junction. The endocarp is a thin tissue composed of 2-3 layers of small lignified wall cells and one layer of tangentially elongated and thin cells surrounding the seed. Moreover, the fruit oil from both populations are characterized by their richness in unsaturated fatty acids, particularly monounsaturated ones. The major identified fatty acids with GC/MS analysis of fatty acid methyl esters for Bizerte and Soliman populations are oleic (20.20 ± 1.42 and 23.9 ± 2.87%, respectively), erucic (20.82 ± 1.60 and 22.04 ± 2.65%, respectively) and linoleic (24.09 ± 2.47 and 21.34 ± 2.76%, respectively) acids. Besides, analysis of tocopherols allowed the identification of two isoforms (α- and γ-tocopherols). The α-tocopherol was found as the prominent one in the two fruit oils and was most important in Soliman population than in Bizerte one (31.13 ± 2.45 mg/kg against 28.88 ± 2.21 mg/kg).
ANALISIS SPASIAL INDEKS KEKERINGAN DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) KAMPAR PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Ersyi Darfia Novreta , Rahmalina2 Widdya
Published: February 2020

Pemanasan global telah meningkatkan frekuensi dan intensitas peristiwa iklim ekstrem seperti kekeringan. Penanggulangan untuk mengurangi dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh kekeringan perlu dilakukan. Akan tetapi informasi mengenai kekeringan lahan masih kurang untuk saat ini. Informasi mengenai kondisi keadaan permukaan diperlukan baik dalam bentuk data numerik maupun data spasial. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, informasi spasial suatu wilayah dapat dilakukan dengan mudah. Sistem informasi geografis memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam memvisualisasikan data spasial berikut atribut-atributnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran indeks kekeringan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Kampar Provinsi Riau. Diharapkan dengan penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi spasial penyebaran indeks kekeringan sehingga dapat diambil tindakan untuk menghindari atau mengurangi dampak dari kekeringan tersebut. Terdapat dua analisis utama yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini, yaitu analisis indeks kekeringan menggunakan metode KBDI dan analisis spasial indeks kekeringan metode KBDI tersebut. Analisis spasial menunjukkan hasil bahwa sifat kekeringan di lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh sifat “Sedang”. Kekeringan dengan kategori “Tinggi” dimulai pada bulan Juni dan berakhir di bulan September dengan sebaran kekeringan “Tinggi” terbesar terjadi pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. Pada DAS Kampar tidak terjadi kekeringan “Ekstrim”. Kekeringan dengan kategori “Rendah” terjadi pada bulan November dan Desember.
Metode Mengatasi Browning pada Eksplan Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) untuk Inisiasi Regenerasi Secara In Vitro
Authors: Carito Trios , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Nirmala Ratna
Published: February 2020

Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) is one of the native plants of Indonesia whose growth is spread in tropical forest, among others in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan. Based on the results of the 1998 Asia Regional Workshop meeting held at the Hanoi (Vietnam) International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), it was determined that ironwood is on Vulnerable A1cd + 2cd status which means sensitive or is facing a high risk of extinction. Tissue culture is a technique that needs to be applied to overcome the problem of ironwood regeneration initiation. However, the concentration of tannin with high concentration so that the formation of browning which leads to the death of ulin tissue is one of the causes of the low success of ironwood tissue culture. This study was formulated based on the potential of activated charcoal and vitamin C to overcome browning, so that it can significantly affect the growth of Ulin regeneration initiation (Eusideroxylon zwager). The analytical method used is Observation of Qualitative Parameter Treatment, namely explant color and the quantitative parameter observed is the number of explants that have browned and not browned in this case are calculated in percent. Based on the results of the research that has been done, obtained methods to overcome browning in ulin explants (Eusideroxylon zwageri) which is divided into 2 stages. In stage 1 (pre-condition) browning can be overcome with a 100% success rate, explants soaked for 24 hours in 50% MS liquid media with pH 4. In stage 2, browning can be overcome with a 100% success rate on 100% MS solid media addition of BAP 1.0 mg / L with A2B3 treatment (Vitamin C / 1 mg / L ascorbic acid, 4.00 g / L activated charcoal) placed in the dark room.
Pengaruh Kompos Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Larutan Mikroorganisme Lokal Eceng Gondok terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kedelai(Glycine max L. Merill)pada Tanah Pasca Tambang
Authors: Rochimah Aulya , Ansyahari Ansyahari , Kesumaningwati Roro
Published: February 2020

The research was conducted to determine: 1) some chemical properties of oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) compost withbio-activator of water hyacinth local microorganism solution; 2) the best dose of local microorganism solution and compost of empty fruit bunches on the growth of soybean.The research was conducted from April until November 2016 in the Laboratory of Soil,Faculty of Agriculture,Mulawarman University,Samarinda.The experiment wasarranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and fivetime replications. The treatment was dose of compost,consisted of: 0 (control);200;400;600;and 800 g per polybag. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (Anova) with F-test and if there was significantly different among treatments, continued withleast significant difference (LSD) test of 5%. Results of the chemical properties analysis of oil palm empty fruit bunchescompost with 300 mL local microorganism solution L-1as follows: pH 9.10; Organic-C 35.32%; total-N 1.34%; C/N ratio 26.36%; P2O5 0.08%; and K2O 1.88%.The dose of 800 g compost per polybag is the best dose of compost to the plant height at 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after planting respectively 14.00; 18.32; 21.52; 24.54; and 27.36 cm, number of pods 8.80,and dry seed weight of soybean 1.99 g.
Mental Decolonization: A Pathway to Sustainable Development in Africa
Authors: Winifred Chioma Ezeanya
Published: February 2020

With most African countries gaining independence by the1960s, there were widespread expectations that Africans were now matureenough to chat their course. However, the later play out of events sawthose dreams fade away like a mirage. Instead of moving ahead, mostAfrican countries are plagued by massive under development. Africanswere their problem. The constant dependence on the colonial masters andthe mentality of seeing everything foreign as superior hindered thenecessity of looking inward to device her own developmental strategy,hence the need for mental decolonisation. Decolonisation is the act ofundoing or freeing oneself from the bondage of colonialism. Mentaldecolonisation, therefore, is the changing of our orientation toward theimpact of colonialism. This paper seeks to examine how changing the waywe reason/think as Africans can open the gate for sustainable developmentin Africa. This work, therefore, argues that decolonisation in its entiretywill yield the expected result only when there is a deliberate decision todecolonise Africa mentally. It is firmly believed that doing this will pavethe way for sustainable development. In this work, we shall adopt the expository, analytic andevaluative methods.
The Process of Jirga and Maraka (common negotiation) amongst the Pashtun Tribes
Authors: Hussain Ahmadzai Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Of the many traditions of the Pashtun tribes, one of them is thepractices of Jirga and Maraka. After a crime has occurred, if the victimchooses the path of peace instead of taking revenge, they have choseneither Jirga or Maraka. The Pashtun Jirga has a regular flow andprogresses at various stages. The Pashtun Jirga is created by taking bothparties of the dispute and having them take part in a mediation meeting inorder to begin the process of inquiry. After the investigation, the Jirgacouncil makes a decision based on the tribal law and once decided, sharesthe decision with the members of the Jirga. If it was acceptable for thecouncil, they then announce the decision to both sides of the dispute in thepresence of tribal elders, Mullah Imam and the youth. If agreed,conciliation will be made and the appropriate compensation will be givento the victimized party. If the decision is not accepted, they will be invitedfor the second and third stages of the discussions. The third attempt isfinal and must be the conclusion of the Jirga.
A STUDY ON LIVER FUNCTION TEST PROFILE OF 2ND LINE DRUGS IN MULTI
DRUG RESISTANT (MDR) AND EXTENSIVELY DRUG RESISTANT (XDR)
TUBERCULOSIS CASES REGISTERED UNDER DR-TB CENTRE IN A TERTIARY CARE
HOSPITAL
Authors: Ta Rupam Kumar , Sen Pronoy
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The emergence of drug resistant mycobacterium has become a signicant public
health problem creating an obstacle to effective Tuberculosis (TB) control. Freedom from TB is possible
with timely, regular, complete treatment, with assurance, prevention and management of side effects of antitubercular drugs.
Present study was conducted to evaluate common and rare adverse drug reactions (ADR) of CAT IV and CAT V to analyse
demographic, radiological and bacteriological prole and treatment outcome in MDR &XDR patients.
Aims and Objectives- To evaluate the common and rare adverse drug reactions of intensive phase treatment of Multi Drug
Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR) and Extensively Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (XDR) as per WHO-UMC Causality Assessment
Scale.
METHODS: 76 patients of MDR and XDR Tuberculosis were admitted in DR-TB (Drug Resistant TB) centre, Burdwan Medical
College and Hospital and the adverse drug reaction prole of 2nd line drugs were analysed during the intensive phase for a
year after fullling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment was given as per guidelines by Revised National TB Control
Program PMDT (Programmatic management of drug-resistant TB).
RESULTS:Adverse drug reactions on GI system were nausea 73 patients (96.10%), vomiting 70 (92.10%), acidity 41 (53.9%), and
sulphurous belching and hepatitis 1 (1.31%) each.
CONCLUSIONS: The reactions were common in rst 60 days of the regimen and in patients with BMI ≤18. Hence vigilant
monitoring is required for these types of patients during the initial period and sputum smear and culture conversion is very well
correlated with clinical and radiological improvement.
IMMERSION HANDS AND FEET IN WARM WATER TO REDUCE PERINEAL
PAIN AFTER VAGINAL DELIVERY: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Wongsiriphakdee* Buranasak , Mahawerawat Sukanda , Tangsiriwatthana Thumwadee
Published: February 2020

Objective: To assess the efcacy of immersion hands and feet in warm water for reduce perineal pain
after vaginal delivery.
Materials and Methods: Postpartum sixty women after vaginal delivery with second degree perineal tear at Khon Kaen hospital
from December 2018 to March 2019 were randomized into two groups, the study group received immersion hands and feet in
warm water at 6 hours postpartum for ten minutes and standard postpartum care. The control group received only standard
postpartum care. The primary outcome was decrease of perineal pain at 6 hours postpartum that measured by visual analogue
score (VAS 0 - 100) and secondary outcomes were pulse rate and additional analgesic drug used.
Results: After immersion hands and feet in warm water the mean differences of perineal pain measured by VAS score at 6 hours
postpartum was signicantly lower in the study group compared with control group (12.2±7.18 vs 3±4.20, p<0.001). Moreover,
Pulse rate and additional analgesic drug used within 24 hours were lower in the study group but no statistically signicance.
Conclusion: Ten minutes immersion hands and feet in warm water can reduce perineal pain at 6 hours postpartum
ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTION OF STUDENTS ON HUMAN RESOURCE
ACCOUNTING DISCLOSURES
Authors: Mistry Jaykumar D.
Published: February 2020

Human Resource is a dynamic factor for any organisation. It deserves an equivalent importance along
with other physical assets. That is the reason that it must also be integrate in accounting records. In this
regards, 175 responses from different students from higher studies like master of commerce and master of business
administration etc, have been obtain. Their views and beliefs for disclosures of Human Resource Accounting have been obtain
and analysed. This paper attempts to nd out the respondents perception of professionals for discourse of human resource
accounting details in nancial reports.
REDESCRIPTION ON RAILLIETINA(RAILLIETINA)
COLINIA (WEBSTER, 1944) (CESTODA:
DAVAINEIDAE) IN THE INTESTINE A COMMON
HOUSE CROW OF FROM LATUR DISTRICT (M.S.),
INDIA
Authors: Solunke R .V.
Published: February 2020

Raillietina(Raillietina) colinia (Webster,1944) cestode parasite of a common house crow, Corvus splendens splendens
(vieillot) at Dhanore,Tq. Nilanga, Dist. Latur, M.S., India.The Present worm resemble with Raillietina(Raillietina) colinia
(Webster,1944) in having morphological characters i.e.scolex medium,oval in shape,neck medium,mature proglottids
broader than long,testes small in size,oval in shape.But the same differ due to number of hooks on rostellum, number of
testies,and structure of ovary,hence it is redescribed.
Nonconvex Nonsmooth Low-Rank Minimization for Peneralized Image Compressed Sensing via Group Sparse Representation
Authors: Li Yunyi , Liu Li , Zhao Yu , Cheng Xiefeng , Gui Guan
Published: February 2020

Group
sparse representation (GSR) based method has led to great successes in various image
recovery tasks, which can be converted into a low-rank matrix minimization
problem. As a widely used surrogate function of low-rank, the nuclear norm
based convex surrogate usually leads to over-shrinking problem, since the standard
soft-thresholding operator shrinks all singular values equally. To improve traditional
sparse representation based image compressive sensing (CS) performance, we
propose a generalized CS framework based on GSR model, leading to a nonconvex
nonsmooth low-rank minimization problem. The popular

-norm
and M-estimator are employed for standard image CS and robust CS problem to fit
the data respectively. For the better approximation of the rank of group-matrix,
a family of nuclear norms are employed to address the over-shrinking problem. Moreover,
we also propose a flexible and effective iteratively-weighting strategy to control
the weighting and contribution of each singular value. Then we develop an iteratively
reweighted nuclear norm algorithm for our generalized framework via an
alternating direction method of multipliers framework, namely, GSR-ADMM-IRNN. Experimental
results demonstrate that our proposed CS framework can achieve favorable reconstruction
performance compared with current state-of-the-art methods and the RCS
framework can suppress the outliers effectively.
Audit of perioperative pain management in paediatric patients following tonsillectomy at a tertiary hospital in Johannesburg
Authors: Mogane PM , Mashinini M , Lundgren C
Published: February 2020

Background: Adenotonsillectomy remains one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in children. Despite improvements in anaesthetic and surgical techniques, severe pain is reported in as many as 25–50% of children. Pain assessment and knowledge of drug pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics in the paediatric patient, is a prerequisite for optimal care. Much has been written on perioperative pain management following tonsillectomy. However, no consensus has been reached on what the ideal analgesic regimen should be. This audit is a review of current practice at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. It aims to identify problems and develop possible solutions to improve anaesthetic practice.

Methods: A prospective, contextual, descriptive study design using a data collection sheet was used on paediatric patients presenting for tonsillectomy.

Results: Eighty-five patients aged three to 12 years of age, with ASA grading I or II, were enrolled in the study. The choice of anaesthetic was variable with a combination of simple analgesics, opioids and adjuvants. This affected postoperative pain scores. Snare dissection and monopolar cautery haemostasis, was the standard surgical technique. Surgical seniority influenced the duration of tonsillectomy, with an effect on postoperative pain scores.

Conclusions: Audits are necessary to evaluate what resources are needed to optimise care. The occurrence of pain after tonsillectomy continues to be poorly managed. Appropriate premedication and fasting of clear fluids for no more than two hours, needs to be introduced. Where possible surgical technique should involve bipolar cautery and be limited to less than 45 minutes. A preemptive, multimodal, opioid-sparing anaesthetic should be routinely practised.
Peran Teknologi Dalam Mengembangkan Potensi Ekspor Topeng Malangan (Analisis Situasional Dan Rencana Solusi)
Authors: Finahari Nurida
Published: February 2020

The art of chisel mask is developed in Tumpang Malang area as part of dance costume fairs, puppet show andcultural ritual, although in its development, this mask sculpture is also sold and become a tourism commodity. The potentialsales of mask sculptures is increasing, especially because of the demanders are foreign tourists, cultural enthusiasts andcomponent of tourism activities. That is, Topeng Malangan has the potential to be developed as an export commodity. Thesales system is still limited to cultural events or when there is a visit of education and tourism to the arts-padepokan. Thisprompted some people around the padepokan to start a home industry to meet the availability of the mask. In general, theproblems encountered by the craftsmen are (1) availability of raw materials, especially for suitable wood species, (2)production equipment, especially for pre-carving process and preservation of product, (3) there is no standard marketingscheme, (4) does not have a business management system, and (5) highly skilled craftsmen are still very limited. The solutionsoffered are divided into three stages: (1) technological strengthening, including strengthening production process technologyand increasing the number of craftsmen; (2) establishing business management; and (3) establishing trademarks, copyrightsand product marketing expansions
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Buah Nipah (Nypa Fruticans, Wurmb) Menjadi Berbagai Produk Olahan Dan Pembentukan Sentra Industri Kecil Di Kecamatan Langsa Timur Kota Langsa
Authors: Juanda Boy Riza , Risyad Syukri , Hanisah Hanisah
Published: February 2020

This program is designed to answer the problem of unavailability of potential human resources in processingand utilizing the potential of local raw materials as a business that can be developed to increase the income of localfarmers. With the implementation of this pioner program, the training is designed, Establishment of Joint Business Group"KUBE" and Opening and expanding partner marketing network for farmer group of Sungai Lueng village "TunasHarapan" and farmer group "Karya Bersama" Sukarejo village. Training materials include processing of nipah productssuch as dodol products, candied nipah, and nipah fruit syrup. The whole process of science and technology transferplanned to be implemented with the pattern of education and training and mentoring which include: socialization,training, and assistance to farmer groups of Sungai Lueng village "Tunas Harapan" and farmers group "KaryaBersama" Sukarejo village
Perbaikan Desain Mesin Pengering Kopra Sistim Tungku Vertikal: Upaya Produksi Kopra Berdaya Saing
Authors: Amheka Adrianus , Nafi Sulce I , Noach Robert M. , K Alang Jermias A.
Published: February 2020

Implementation of this research has been carried out in the copra small industries "Bangun Mandiri" inKupang and aim to expand inter island marketing as one of community welfare. Outputs and outcomes are achieved suchas improving quality and quantity of white copra products through improved designs of multi-functional vertical furnacesystem copper dryers, especially in-house improvements, door frames, outer boxes and fireplaces as well as increasedcapital investment in the form of oven machinery; an increase in sales turnover of 30%; conducting Lab-scale researchfor possibility consuming dry coconut shells that have been patented as an additive of copra-scented foods/drinks andexpansion of marketing area through Pentahelix's partnership to accelerate inter island marketing. Measurable outcomeis to produce oven machine with complete design, also publication on scientific journal. In the future it is expected thatthe SMEs can further focus to quality control by involving academics or local government. To wake up consumerconfidence is also required efforts of local academics to periodically strive for program assistance activities andproduction management to make a teaching factory so that Pentahelix collaboration is established to produce smallindustries areas with highly competitive and prosper to the middle/lower communities and alleviate poverty, especiallykopra.
Peningkatan Kapasitas Dalam Teknologi Pakan Dan Pengolahan Limbah Ternak Pada Kelompok Peternak Sapi Potong Di Desa Mattirowalie, Kec. Libureng, Kab. Bone
Authors: Said Muhammad Irfan , Hatta Muhammad , Rohani St.
Published: February 2020

Knowledge of animal feed and waste is an important component in building the livestock industry. The aspectof availability of feed and the production of livestock waste is one of the problems by cattle farmers in MattirowalieVillage, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. Efforts to increase the capacity of farmers in solving these problems areneeded to increase the productivity of their livestock. This program aims to increase knowledge for farmers of beef cattlein processing agricultural and livestock waste into feed products and processing them into organic fertilizer. This activityis an implementation of the Program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Unhas (PPMU) Program Kemitraan Masyarakat(PKM). This activity was carried out in Mattirowalie Village, Libureng Sub-District, Bone Regency. The partner groupsinvolved as targets were the "Kurusumange" and "Masempo Dalle" farmers group (FG). The number of trainingparticipants involved in this activity is approximately 25 peoples, overall were cattle farmers with 2-3 cattle/person. Theimplementation of technology introduction programs was carried out in the form of training programs and technologyassistance. Several technology packages that have been implemented were: 1) ammoniation technology, 2) complete feedsilage fermentation technology, 3) manufacturing of local microorganism (LM) technology and 4) Urea Molasses Block(UMB) manufacturing technology. The results of the implementation of activities to increase the capacity of partnermembers in processing agricultural waste and livestock into alternative animal feed and organic fertilizer
PKM Kelompok Tani Tan Selo 1 dan Tan Selo 2 Desa Sukomaju Kecamatan Srono Kabupaten Banyuwangi Jawa Timur dalam Meningkatkan Nilai Ekonomis Pisang dan Strategi Pemasarannya
Authors: Nurmasari Fitri , Padillah Raup
Published: February 2020

Banyuwangi Regency is one of the agricultural centers in East Java province and Indonesia. Mostly,Banyuwangi people work as farmers due to the fertil soil and wide amount of agricultural land in Banyuwangi . Thelarge number of people who work as farmers initiating the formation of farmer groups. One of the farmer groups in theSrono sub-district of Banyuwangi is the "Tan Selo 1" farmers group located in the village of Sukomaju and the "TanSelo 2" farmers group in Sukonatar village. The normal average price of one banana bunch in Banyuwangi is between50-60 thousand depending on the type and quality of bananas. Problems arise when the quantity of bananas in the marketarose, the price of 1 bunch of bananas decreases dramatically. The price of 1 bunch which is usually set at 50-60thousand drops drastically to only 20-30 thousand. This is certainly a problem for farmers in the Tan Selo group. The lackof knowledge of Tan Selo farmers about alternative variants of processed banana based products and the lack ofknowledge of the marketing strategies make it hard for the Tan Selo farmers to increase the economic value of bananaswhich have been used as an alternative income for farmers. Therefore, the solutions offered to overcome the problems offarmers include: equipping and improving farmers' knowledge about the variety of processed banana-based foods andtheir marketing strategies, conducting training to make variations on banana-based foods, conducting training oneffective marketing strategies. Overall, a series of community service programs were carried out perfectly as it expected.The percentage of participants' understanding in choosing high quality bananas is 85%, the percentage of participants’ability in processing banana-based foods is 86%, and percentage of participants who successfully sell processed foodproducts by utilizing online shopping sites is 70%
KKN-PPM Pengembangan Rumah Pangan dan Klinik Tumbuhan Obat untuk Pemenuhan Pangan dan Gizi serta Peningkatan Derajat Kesehatan Masyarakat Berbasis Education for Sustainable Development
Authors: Rahmawati Sitti , Hasriyanty Hasriyanty , Panggeso Johanis
Published: February 2020

This real working lecture program - community empowerment learning was aimed at assisting the target community in developing Lestari House of Food (LHF) and Clinic of medicinal plants to meet the needs for food and nutrition and to increase the community’s health on the basis of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Through this program, the target community would increase their knowledge and skills in utilizing local resources optimally, especially in managing lands intensively. To achieve the program objectives, there was empowering program done to the target groups, including (a) disseminating the real working lecture program - community empowerment learning to the regional Government, especially to related technical units, local Government, and target groups, (b) extension regarding to the importance of utilizing lands intensively in developing Lestari House of Food and the clinic of medicinal plants, (c) participatory training to improve skills of the target groups in identifying potencies, problems, and opportunities of business development, as well as planning, actuating, monitoring, and evaluating programs / activities,  (d) technical training for Lestari House of Food and medicinal plants clinic, and (e) assistance in managing the land intensively by involving resources namely families and target community group in participatory method. The goal achieved by this program was the increase in knowledge and skills of the community in utilizing the potential resource in the form of lands to improve their income and prosperity on the basis of technological innovation and local wisdom, which is oriented to Education for Sustainable Development.