bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial amine metabolomics and histopathology reveal localized brain alterations in subacute traumatic brain injury and the underlying mechanism of herbal treatment
Authors: Hu En , Tang Tao , Li You‐mei , Li Teng , Zhu Lin , Ding Ruo‐qi , Wu Yao , Huang Qing , Zhang Wei , Wu Qian , Wang Yang
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Spatial changes of amine metabolites and histopathology of the whole brain help to reveal the mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and treatment.

Methods

A newly developed liquid microjunction surface sampling–tandem mass tag–ultra performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry technique is applied to profile brain amine metabolites in five brain regions after impact‐induced TBI at the subacute stage. H&E, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining are performed to spatially correlate microscopical changes to metabolic alterations. Then, bioinformatics, molecular docking, ELISA, western blot, and immunofluorescence are integrated to uncover the mechanism of Xuefu Zhuyu decoction (XFZYD) against TBI.

Results

Besides the hippocampus and cortex, the thalamus, caudate‐putamen, and fiber tracts also show differentiated metabolic changes between the Sham and TBI groups. Fourteen amine metabolites (including isomers such as L‐leucine and L‐isoleucine) are significantly altered in specific regions. The metabolic changes are well matched with the degree of neuronal damage, glia activation, and neurorestoration. XFZYD reverses the dysregulation of several amine metabolites, such as hippocampal Lys‐Phe/Phe‐Lys and dopamine. Also, XFZYD enhances post‐TBI angiogenesis in the hippocampus and the thalamus.

Conclusion

This study reveals the local amine‐metabolite and histological changes in the subacute stage of TBI. XFZYD may promote TBI recovery by normalizing amine metabolites and spatially promoting dopamine production and angiogenesis.
Ferulic acid as a therapeutic agent in depression: Evidence from preclinical studies
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Zhao Dongxue
Published: May 2023

Depression is a common but severe mood disorder with a very high prevalence across the general population. Depression is of global concern and poses a threat to human physical and mental health. Ferulic acid (FA) is a natural active ingredient that has antioxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and free radical scavenging properties. Furthermore, studies have shown that FA can exert antidepressant effects through a variety of mechanisms. The aim of the review was to comprehensively elucidate the mechanisms in FA that alleviate depression using animal models. The in vivo (animal) studies on the mechanism of FA treatment of depression were searched in PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Baidu academic, and Wan fang databases. Thereafter, the literature conclusions were summarized accordingly. Ferulic acid was found to significantly improve the depressive‐like behaviors of animal models, suggesting that FA is a potential natural product in the treatment of depression. The mechanisms are achieved by enhancing monoamine oxidase A (MOA) activity, inhibiting microglia activation and inflammatory factor release, anti‐oxidative stress, promoting hippocampal nerve regeneration, increasing brain‐derived neurotrophic factor secretion, regulating gut microbiome, and activating protein kinase B/collapsin response mediator protein 2 (AKT/CRMP2) signaling pathway. Ferulic acid produces significant antidepressant effects in animal depression models through various mechanisms, suggesting its potential value as a treatment of depression. However, clinical research trials involving FA are required further to provide a solid foundation for its clinical application.
From One Bilingual to the Next: An Iterated Learning Study on Language Evolution in Bilingual Societies
Authors: Palma Pauline , Lee Sarah , Hodgins Vegas , Titone Debra
Published: May 2023

Studies of language evolution in the lab have used the iterated learning paradigm to show how linguistic structure emerges through cultural transmission—repeated cycles of learning and use across generations of speakers . However, agent‐based simulations suggest that prior biases crucially impact the outcome of cultural transmission. Here, we explored this notion through an iterated learning study of English‐French bilingual adults (mostly sequential bilinguals dominant in English). Each participant learned two unstructured artificial languages in a counterbalanced fashion, one resembling English, another resembling French at the phono‐orthographic level. The output of each participant was passed down to the next participant, forming diffusion chains of 10 generations per language. We hypothesized that artificial languages would become easier to learn and exhibit greater structure when they were aligned with participants’ bilingual experience (i.e., English languages being easier to learn overall), or as a function of practice (i.e., languages learned second being easier to learn overall). Instead, we found that English‐like languages became more structured over generations, but only when they were learned first. In contrast, French‐like languages became more structured regardless of the order of learning, suggesting the presence of an asymmetric switch cost during artificial language learning. Moreover, individual differences in language usage modulated the amount of structure produced by the participants. Overall, these data suggest that bilingual experience impacts how novel languages are learned at an individual level, which can then scale up to cultural transmission of novel language at a group level.
S1‐Leitlinie dermales und subkutanes Leiomyosarkom
Authors: Helbig Doris , Dippel Edgar , Erdmann Michael , Frisman Alexander , Kage Paula , Leiter Ulrike , Mentzel Thomas , Seidel Clemens , Weishaupt Carsten , Ziemer Mirjana , Ugurel Selma
Published: May 2023

Superfizielle Leiomyosarkome (LMS) sind seltene Tumoren (circa 2–3% aller kutanen Sarkome), die von dermal gelegenen Haarbalgmuskeln, Dartosmuskeln beziehungsweise areolären Muskeln (dermale LMS) oder der Muskulatur der Gefäße des subkutanen Fettgewebes (subkutane LMS) ausgehen. Diese superfiziellen LMS werden von den LMS der tiefen Weichgewebe abgegrenzt. Leiomyosarkome sind typischerweise an den unteren Extremitäten, am Rumpf oder am Kapillitium lokalisiert und präsentieren sich als schmerzhafte, erythematös bis bräunliche Tumorknoten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt histopathologisch.

Die Therapie der Wahl ist die vollständige mikroskopisch kontrollierte Exzision des Primärtumors mit einem Sicherheitsabstand von mindestens 1 cm bei dermalen LMS, und möglichst 2 cm bei subkutanen LMS. Nichtoperable oder metastasierte LMS erfordern eine individuelle Therapieentscheidung. Nach R0‐Resektion mittels mikroskopisch kontrollierter Chirurgie und einem Mindestsicherheitsabstand von 1 cm ist das Lokalrezidivrisiko für dermale LMS sehr gering und eine Metastasierung sehr selten. Subkutane LMS, sehr große, oder unvollständig resezierte LMS rezidivieren und metastasieren häufiger. Aus diesem Grund erscheinen für die Nachsorge der dermalen LMS initial klinische Untersuchungen halbjährlich, bei subkutanen LMS alle 3 Monate, später jährlich und entsprechend halbjährlich für mindestens 5 Jahre empfehlenswert (bei subkutanen LMS inklusive Sonographie der lokoregionären Lymphknoten). Apparative Untersuchungen wie Schnittbildgebung erscheinen lediglich bei Primärtumoren mit Besonderheiten, Rezidiven oder bereits metastasierten Tumoren indiziert.
Advanced diagnostic endoscopy in the upper gastrointestinal tract: Review of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society core sessions
Authors: Kawai Takashi , Inoue Haruhiro , Yao Kenshi , Kaise Mitsuru , Kato Mototsugu , Tanabe Satoshi , Sakata Yasuhisa ,   Collaborators
Published: May 2023

We held four upper gastrointestinal tract advanced diagnostic endoscopy sessions from the 89th to the 92nd Congress of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society. The most common region addressed was the stomach in 25 presentations, followed by the esophagus in 23, duodenum in five, and other in one. Looking at techniques discussed, the most common image enhancement method discussed was narrowband imaging in 29 presentations, blue laser imaging, and linked color imaging (LCI) in 10 each, dual red imaging in three, and autofluorescence imaging in one. Furthermore, there were presentations of new techniques such as M‐Chromo‐LCI and acetic acid‐indigo carmine mixture LCI. There were also six presentations regarding probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy, and one of endocytoscopy techniques. We also saw presentations of images of gastric subepithelial tumors within the submucosa, 3D endoscopy, the development of computer‐aided detection systems for early cancers, and fluorescent imaging.
Relevance of dedicated multiple sclerosis serum biomarkers in predicting contrast enhancement with gadolinium: Results from the REDUCE‐GAD trial
Authors: Schaefer Jan Hendrik , Schaller‐Paule Martin A. , Wenger Katharina , Mayer Christoph , Mann Ulrike , Bickert Alexander , Steffen Falk , Bittner Stefan , Yalachkov Yavor , Foerch Christian
Published: May 2023

Background

The presence of contrast enhancement (CE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the principal criteria for diagnosis and disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, MS patients are frequently exposed to contrast agents, which may cause deposition in the brain, restricting its use in repeat examinations. Thus, serum biomarkers may be valuable as surrogate parameters to evaluate MS activity.

Methods

REDUCE‐GAD was a prospective, multicentric, biobanking study to determine whether established serum markers (neurofilament light chain [NfL], glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP], tau protein, ubiquitin‐carboxyl‐terminal‐hydrolase (UCH‐L1), S100B and matrix‐metalloproteinase 9 [MMP9]) are predictive of CE‐positive MRI lesions. Blood samples were obtained from patients undergoing MRI 5 days before or after collection.

Results

Patients (N = 102) from four different centers with confirmed MS or related disorders were included; n = 57 (55.9%) showed CE on MRI versus n = 45 (44.1%) without CE. Only higher NfL values indicated CE (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% CI 1.0–1.09) and were correlated with number (ρ = 0.47; p < 0.001) and diameter of CE lesions (ρ = 0.58; p < 0.001). Nfl Z‐scores improved diagnostic accuracy (OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.06–2.18). Receiver operator characteristic analysis revealed a reasonable cut‐off value for NfL at 14.1 pg/mL (sensitivity 49.1%; specificity 82.2%; positive predictive value 77.8%; negative predictive value 56.0%). NfL ≥59.2 pg/mL was exclusively observed in patients with CE.

Conclusions

Evaluation of several possible serum biomarkers for CE in MS patients provided the most robust results for NfL, particularly as Z‐scores. Following further evaluation, biomarkers may help stratify the application of contrast agents for brain imaging in MS patients.
In situ 15N‐N2O site preference and O2 concentration dynamics disclose the complexity of N2O production processes in agricultural soil
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Song Xiaotong , Liu Yan , Wang Rui , Zheng Xunhua , Butterbach‐Bahl Klaus , Venterea Rodney T. , Wu Di , Ju Xiaotang
Published: May 2023

Arable soil continues to be the dominant anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions owing to application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers and manures across the world. Using laboratory and in situ studies to elucidate the key factors controlling soil N2O emissions remains challenging due to the potential importance of multiple complex processes. We examined soil surface N2O fluxes in an arable soil, combined with in situ high‐frequency measurements of soil matrix oxygen (O2) and N2O concentrations, in situ 15N labeling, and N2O 15N site preference (SP). The in situ O2 concentration and further microcosm visualized spatiotemporal distribution of O2 both suggested that O2 dynamics were the proximal determining factor to matrix N2O concentration and fluxes due to quick O2 depletion after N fertilization. Further SP analysis and in situ 15N labeling experiment revealed that the main source for N2O emissions was bacterial denitrification during the hot‐wet summer with lower soil O2 concentration, while nitrification or fungal denitrification contributed about 50.0% to total emissions during the cold‐dry winter with higher soil O2 concentration. The robust positive correlation between O2 concentration and SP values underpinned that the O2 dynamics were the key factor to differentiate the composite processes of N2O production in in situ structured soil. Our findings deciphered the complexity of N2O production processes in real field conditions, and suggest that O2 dynamics rather than stimulation of functional gene abundances play a key role in controlling soil N2O production processes in undisturbed structure soils. Our results help to develop targeted N2O mitigation measures and to improve process models for constraining global N2O budget.
Latest potential sowing time of galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) for successful cultivation in the extreme winter conditions of northern Japan
Authors: Nakamura Naoki , Matsumoto Takehiko , Hayashi Taku , Makino Tsukasa
Published: May 2023

Mixed seeded plots of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and galega (Galega orientalis Lam.) were established in multiple seeding times from 2014 to 2017 to determine the latest sowing limit in the Konsen region, northern Japan, where growing conditions are severe. Although low yields were observed in some cases when the soil freezing depth was deeper than average, the dry matter yield of the first crop of galega in the year after sowing was higher under conditions that ensured pre‐overwintering plant length growth of 30 cm or more, as compared with growth of less than 30 cm. Galega rhizomes were observed under conditions of pre‐overwintering plant length of 28 cm or more, but not under conditions of less than 28 cm in length. Therefore, achieving 30 cm plant length prior to overwintering is desirable when sowing galega in the Konsen region. Furthermore, the effective cumulative temperature (ECT) required for pre‐overwintering galega to reach 30 cm in plant length was 1079°C, for which seeding dates were calculated to be July 10 and June 29 in terms of calendar days, with 80% and 90% probability. In the Konsen region, galega should be sown earlier than in other regions of Hokkaido to ensure the growth rate because of the effects of soil freezing on overwintering performance.
Lactobacillus plantarum F25‐4 assisted rice soaking reduces the cooking strength of japonica rice for Chinese rice wine brewing
Authors: Yang Liu , Mei Lu , Chen Xin , Sun Hanju , Li Jinglei
Published: May 2023

This study investigated the effect of Lactobacillus plantarum F25‐4 assisted rice soaking (LAS) on the cooking properties of japonica rice used for Chinese rice wine (CRW) production. The effects of LAS and natural soaking were compared based on the chemical composition, thermal characteristics, infrared spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rice flour. After LAS, the protein content of the rice was reduced by 17.63%, and the initial temperature (To), peak temperature (Tp) and conclusion temperature (Tc) were reduced by 36.86%, 17.89% and 1.61%, respectively, as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The Zeta (ζ) potential value changed from −8.75 mV to −3.99 mV, and the minimum cooking time was reduced by 40% to only 15 min. The viscoelasticity of LAS rice increased after gelatinisation, as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscope images. The glutelin precursor of the LAS rice disappeared, and the disorder of protein secondary structure increased, but there was no significant difference in the starch crystal area. LAS effectively improved the cooking properties of rice by changing the protein configuration on the surface of starch granules and reducing protein adsorption, leading to increased starch water absorption and decreased rice gelatinisation temperature. Our research suggests that LAS can reduce the cooking temperature of rice in CRW production, thus saving steam consumption during cooking.
Screening and anti‐glioma activity of Chiloscyllium plagiosum anti‐human IL‐13Rα2 single‐domain antibody
Authors: Qin Lanyi , Ren Qingyu , Lu Chaoling , Zhu Tianci , Lu Yijun , Chen Shuangxing , Tong Shuna , Jiang Xiaofeng , Lyu Zhengbing
Published: May 2023

Glioblastoma is a common and fatal malignant tumour of the central nervous system, with high invasiveness. Conventional treatments for this disease, including comprehensive treatment of surgical resection combined with chemoradiotherapy, are ineffective, with low survival rate and extremely poor prognosis. Targeted therapy is promising in overcoming the difficulties in brain tumour treatment and IL‐13Rα2 is a widely watched target. The development of new therapies for glioma, however, is challenged by factors, such as the unique location and immune microenvironment of gliomas. The unique advantages of single‐domain antibodies (sdAbs) may provide a novel potential treatment for brain tumours. In this study, Chiloscyllium plagiosum was immunized with recombinant IL‐13Rα2 protein to produce sdAb and sdAb sequences were screened by multi‐omics. The targeted sdAb genes obtained were efficiently expressed in the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system, showing a significant binding capacity to IL‐13Rα2 in vitro. The cell proliferation and migration inhibitory effects of recombinant variable domain of the new antigen receptor (VNAR) on glioma cells were detected by CCK‐8 and cell scratch assays. The sdAb obtained in this study showed high in vitro activity and favourable cell proliferation inhibitory effect on glioma cells, with potential clinical application value. The present study also provides a new direction and experimental basis for the development of targeted therapies for glioma.
Recent advances in decision support for beef and dairy farming: modeling approaches and opportunities
Authors: Bang Rasmus Noss , Guajardo Mario , Hansen Bjørn Gunnar
Published: May 2023

This paper surveys recent literature on decision support for beef and dairy farming, covering 110 articles published between 2016 and 2022. We classify these articles based on the type of farm, country of application, objectives and decisions, model scope, and methodology. The paper provides guidance for future research efforts by discussing the choice between whole farm and intrafarm modeling, the choice between optimization and simulation, and how to leverage existing modeling frameworks. Additionally, we identify opportunities for future research and discuss possibilities for increasing the adoption of decision‐support tools in practice by farmers and industry advisors.
NEW ANTI‐MIGRAINE DRUGS: PRESENT AND BEYOND THE MILLENNIUM
Authors: Limmroth V , Diener HC
Published: May 2023

SUMMARY A fast growing new class of anti‐migraine drugs has recently been introduced for the acute treatment of migraine: the serotonin (5‐HT)1B/D‐agonists. Since the introduction of its first representative, sumatriptan, in 1993, several new compounds of this class have been or are about to be approved. The following review introduces this class of compounds and focuses on indications, differences, advantages and disadvantages of each member. It further discusses new indications of established drugs for the use in migraine, including prophylaxis. For the use of analgesics and ergotamine, the reader is referred to recent reviews.1–3
NEONATAL AMNIOTIC FLUID ASPIRATION SYNDROME UNDERDIAGNOSED?
Authors: Bousetty S , Patole SK , McBride GA , Whitehall JS
Published: May 2023

Aspiration of uncontaminated amniotic fluid as a cause of significant respiratory distress in neonates is not well documented. We report a term neonate who presented with severe respiratory distress soon after birth. The diagnosis of amniotic fluid aspiration was confirmed at autopsy. Implications of this diagnosis in the management of neonates with respiratory distress are discussed.
Systemic sexism recognition and antisexism encourage gender equality activism: An adaptation of bystander intervention theory
Authors: Chamberlin Kristina G. , Plant E. Ashby
Published: May 2023

Although great strides have been made toward gender equality in the United States, continued progress is needed. The current paper adapts bystander intervention theory to delineate which individuals are more likely to engage in gender equality activism. We postulated that individuals who identify that systemic sexism causes gender inequalities (i.e., systemic sexism recognition) and who feel personally responsible for advocating against these inequities (i.e., high antisexism) should be most likely to engage in gender equality activism. Cross‐sectional data (Studies 1 and 2) supported that systemic sexism recognition and antisexism were strong predictors of activism intent. Two experiments further demonstrated that exposure to educational paradigms designed to heighten these factors increased systemic sexism recognition (Study 3) and antisexism (Study 4), which were subsequently associated with greater gender equality activism.
Role of non‐coding variants in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Heshmatzad Katayoun , Naderi Niloofar , Maleki Majid , Abbasi Shiva , Ghasemi Serwa , Ashrafi Nooshin , Fazelifar Amir Farjam , Mahdavi Mohammad , Kalayinia Samira
Published: May 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute one of the significant causes of death worldwide. Different pathological states are linked to CVDs, which despite interventions and treatments, still have poor prognoses. The genetic component, as a beneficial tool in the risk stratification of CVD development, plays a role in the pathogenesis of this group of diseases. The emergence of genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have led to the identification of non‐coding parts associated with cardiovascular traits and disorders. Variants located in functional non‐coding regions, including promoters/enhancers, introns, miRNAs and 5′/3′ UTRs, account for 90% of all identified single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with CVDs. Here, for the first time, we conducted a comprehensive review on the reported non‐coding variants for different CVDs, including hypercholesterolemia, cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases, thoracic aortic aneurysms/dissections and coronary artery diseases. Additionally, we present the most commonly reported genes involved in each CVD. In total, 1469 non‐coding variants constitute most reports on familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The application and identification of non‐coding variants are beneficial for the genetic diagnosis and better therapeutic management of CVDs.
Impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on behavioral changes and glycemic control and a survey of telemedicine in patients with diabetes: A multicenter retrospective observational study
Authors: Bouchi Ryotaro , Sugiyama Takehiro , Goto Atsushi , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Yoshioka Narihito , Katagiri Hideki , Mita Tomoya , Hirota Yushi , Ikegami Hiroshi , Matsuhisa Munehide , Araki Eiichi , Yokoyama Hiroki , Minami Masae , Yamazaki Katsuya , Jinnouchi Hideaki , Ikeda Hiroki , Fujii Hitomi , Nogawa Miyuki , Kaneshige Masahiro , Miyo Kengo , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: May 2023

Aims/Introduction

To investigate whether the COVID‐19 pandemic affected behavioral changes and glycemic control in patients with diabetes and to conduct a survey of telemedicine during the pandemic.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, a total of 2,348 patients were included from 15 medical facilities. Patients were surveyed about their lifestyle changes and attitudes toward telemedicine. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were compared among before (from June 1 to August 31, 2019) and in the first (from June 1 to August 31, 2020) and in the second (from June 1 to August 31, 2021) year of the pandemic. A survey of physician attitudes toward telemedicine was also conducted.

Results

The HbA1c levels were comparable between 2019 (7.27 ± 0.97%), 2020 (7.28 ± 0.92%), and 2021 (7.25 ± 0.94%) without statistical difference between each of those 3 years. Prescriptions for diabetes medications increased during the period. The frequency of eating out was drastically reduced (51.7% in 2019; 30.1% in 2020), and physical activity decreased during the pandemic (48.1% in 2019; 41.4% in 2020; 43.3% in 2021). Both patients and physicians cited increased convenience and reduced risk of infection as their expectations for telemedicine, while the lack of physician–patient interaction and the impossibility of consultation and examination were cited as sources of concern.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that glycemic control did not deteriorate during the COVID‐19 pandemic with appropriate intensification of diabetes treatment in patients with diabetes who continued to attend specialized diabetes care facilities, and that patients and physicians shared the same expectations and concerns about telemedicine.
The Size Distribution of the Banking Sector and Financial Fragility
Authors: GAO JIAHONG , REED ROBERT R.
Published: May 2023

We study the role of the size distribution of the banking sector for bailout policy and financial fragility in a model of financial intermediation with limited commitment and noisy sunspots. In particular, due to the different costs of mitigating depositors' losses, differences in financial fragility arise endogenously in the sense that the large banking market admits a higher degree of instability. Moreover, the desire to reduce differences in the amount of bailout funding across segments of the banking system leads the fiscal authority to collect less taxes ex‐ante but ends up rendering the scope for run equilibria larger.
Complex geochronological record of an emblematic Variscan eclogite (Haut‐Allier, French Massif Central)
Authors: de Hoÿm de Marien Luc , Pitra Pavel , Poujol Marc , Cogné Nathan , Cagnard Florence , Le Bayon Benjamin
Published: May 2023

Two eclogite samples from the Haut‐Allier record a prograde evolution from ~20 kbar, 650°C to 750°C, 22–23 kbar followed by heating up to 850–875°C and partial melting. Incipient decompression in high‐pressure granulite facies conditions (19.5 kbar, 875°C) was followed by exhumation to high‐temperature amphibolite facies conditions (<9 kbar, 750–850°C). Following a detailed geochemical, petrological, and geochronological investigation using trace‐element data and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb dating of zircon, apatite, and rutile, the eclogites reveal an Ordovician (c. 490 Ma) rifting event followed by Devonian (c. 370–360 Ma) subduction and Carboniferous (c. 350 Ma) exhumation in this part of the French Massif Central. The previously proposed Silurian age for the subduction, which strongly influenced many tectonic models, is definitively rejected. In the light of other geological data from the French Massif Central, including the lithological and geochemical zoning of calc‐alkaline Devonian volcanism, we propose a southward polarity of the subduction and question the very existence of the so‐called Massif Central Ocean. Furthermore, we infer that following subduction, the eclogites were relaminated to the upper plate and exhumed at the rear of the magmatic arc pointing to similarities with the geodynamics of the Bohemian Massif.

The petrochronological record of zircon is particularly complex. Metamorphic zircon with clear eclogitic rare‐earth elements patterns (no Eu anomaly and flat heavy rare‐earth elements) and inclusions (garnet, rutile, and omphacite) shows concordant apparent ages that spread from c. 380 down to c. 310 Ma. This apparent age pattern strongly contrasts with the well‐defined age of apatite and rutile of c. 350 Ma. Apparent zircon ages younger than 350 Ma unequivocally testify that zircon can recrystallize outside the conditions of the eclogite facies, which resets the U–Pb while preserving an apparent eclogitic signature. Local fractures filled by analcite, thomsonite, plagioclase, and biotite testify to late interaction of the eclogites with alkaline fluids at relatively low temperatures. This interaction, possibly at c. 310 Ma or later, could lead to the recrystallization of zircon while leaving apatite unaffected.
Ultrasound, photoacoustic, and magnetic resonance imaging to study hyperacute pathophysiology of traumatic and vascular brain injury
Authors: Kamali Ali , Dieckhaus Laurel A. , Peters Emily C. , Preszler Collin A. , Witte Russell S. , Pires Paulo W. , Hutchinson Elizabeth B. , Laksari Kaveh
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose

Cerebrovascular dynamics and pathomechanisms that evolve in the minutes and hours following traumatic vascular injury in the brain remain largely unknown. We investigated the pathophysiology evolution in mice within the first 3 hours after closed‐head traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), two significant traumatic vascular injuries.

Methods

We took a multimodal imaging approach using photoacoustic imaging, color Doppler ultrasound, and MRI to track injury outcomes using a variety of metrics.

Results

Brain oxygenation and velocity‐weighted volume of blood flow (VVF) values significantly decreased from baseline to 15 minutes after both TBI and SAH. TBI resulted in 19.2% and 41.0% ipsilateral oxygenation and VVF reductions 15 minutes postinjury, while SAH resulted in 43.9% and 85.0% ipsilateral oxygenation and VVF reduction (p < .001). We found partial recovery of oxygenation from 15 minutes to 3 hours after injury for TBI but not SAH. Hemorrhage, edema, reduced perfusion, and altered diffusivity were evident from MRI scans acquired 90‐150 minutes after injury in both injury models, although the spatial distribution was mostly focal for TBI and diffuse for SAH.

Conclusions

The results reveal that the cerebral oxygenation deficits immediately following injuries are reversible for TBI and irreversible for SAH. Our findings can inform future studies on mitigating these early responses to improve long‐term recovery.
Research routes on awake bruxism metrics: Implications of the updated bruxism definition and evaluation strategies
Authors: Bracci Alessandro , Lobbezoo Frank , Colonna Anna , Bender Steven , Conti Paulo C. R. , Emodi‐Perlman Alona , Häggman‐Henrikson Birgitta , Klasser Gary D. , Michelotti Ambra , Lavigne Gilles J. , Svensson Peter , Ahlberg Jari , Manfredini Daniele
Published: May 2023

Background

With time, due to the poor knowledge on it epidemiology, the need to focus on awake bruxism as a complement of sleep studies emerged.

Objective

In line with a similar recent proposal for sleep bruxism (SB), defining clinically oriented research routes to implement knowledge on awake bruxism (AB) metrics is important for an enhanced comprehension of the full bruxism spectrum, that is better assessment and more efficient management.

Methods

We summarised current strategies for AB assessment and proposed a research route for improving its metrics.

Results

Most of the literature focuses on bruxism in general or SB in particular, whilst knowledge on AB is generally fragmental. Assessment can be based on non‐instrumental or instrumental approaches. The former include self‐report (questionnaires, oral history) and clinical examination, whilst the latter include electromyography (EMG) of jaw muscles during wakefulness as well as the technology‐enhanced ecological momentary assesment (EMA). Phenotyping of different AB activities should be the target of a research task force. In the absence of available data on the frequency and intensity of wake‐time bruxism‐type masticatory muscle activity, any speculation about the identification of thresholds and criteria to identify bruxers is premature. Research routes in the field must focus on the improvement of data reliability and validity.

Conclusions

Probing deeper into the study of AB metrics is a fundamental step to assist clinicians in preventing and managing the putative consequences at the individual level. The present manuscript proposes some possible research routes to advance current knowledge. At different levels, instrumentally based and subject‐based information must be gathered in a universally accepted standardised approach.
Longitudinal links of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence
Authors: Liu Dan , Vazsonyi Alexander T.
Published: May 2023

The current study examined growth‐to‐growth associations of parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval with deviance during early adolescence, using a 4‐wave, 18‐month self‐reported longitudinal data set from 570 Czech early adolescents (58.4% female; Mage = 12.43 years, SD = 0.66 at baseline). Unconditional growth model tests provided evidence of significant changes in the three parenting behaviors and in deviance over time. Multivariate growth model tests showed that declines in maternal knowledge were associated with increases in deviance, while greater increases in parental peer approval were associated with slower increases in deviance. Findings provide evidence of dynamic changes in parental solicitation, knowledge, and peer approval over time, as well as in deviance; additionally, they importantly show how parental knowledge and peer approval covary developmentally with deviance.
Outcomes of lowered newborn screening thresholds for congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Yu Aolei , Alder Nelson , Lain Samantha J , Wiley Veronica , Nassar Natasha , Jack Michelle
Published: May 2023

Background

Newborn screening (NBS) has largely eliminated the physical and neurodevelopmental effects of untreated congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Many countries, including Australia, have progressively lowered NBS bloodspot thyroid‐stimulating hormone (b‐TSH) thresholds. The impact of these changes is still unclear.

Objectives

To evaluate the performance of CH NBS following the reduction of b‐TSH thresholds in New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), Australia, from 15 to 8 mIU/L, and to determine the clinical outcomes of cases detected by these thresholds.

Methods

NBS data of 346 849 infants born in NSW/ACT, Australia from 1 November, 2016–1 March, 2020 inclusive were analysed. A clinical audit was conducted on infants with a preliminary diagnosis of CH born between 1 January, 2016–1 December, 2020 inclusive.

Results

The lowered b‐TSH threshold (≥8 mIU/L, ~99.5th centile) detected 1668 infants (0.48%), representing an eight‐fold increase in recall rate, of whom 212 of 1668 (12.7%) commenced thyroxine treatment. Of these 212 infants, 62 (29.2%) (including eight cases with a preliminary diagnosis of thyroid dysgenesis) had an initial b‐TSH 8–14.9 mIU/L. The positive predictive value for a preliminary diagnosis of CH decreased from 74.3% to 12.8% with the lowered threshold. Proportionally, more pre‐term infants received a preliminary CH diagnosis on screening with the lower threshold (16.1% of 62) than with the higher threshold (8.0% of 150).

Conclusion

Clinically relevant CH was detected using the lowered threshold, albeit at the cost of an eight‐fold increase in recall rate. Further clinical and economic studies are required to determine whether benefits of lowered screening thresholds outweigh potential harms from false‐positive results on infants, their families and NBS programs.
Transitioning additive manufacturing from rapid prototyping to high‐volume production: A case study of complex final products
Authors: Roscoe Samuel , Cousins Paul D. , Handfield Robert
Published: May 2023

This paper seeks answers to the question: what are the key factors that enable the scaling of additive manufacturing (AM) from rapid prototyping to high‐volume production? Using a longitudinal case study, we collected primary and secondary data to trace the AM scaling journey of AeroCo, a highly innovative aerospace firm. Based on the case findings, we position AM as a whole system technology because it can print components for a wide range of subsystems in a complex final product. Scaling AM requires a significant realignment of existing, and often deeply entrenched, new technology, and product development processes. To achieve this alignment, AeroCo formed institutional alliances with the UK government and universities to establish university technology centers, which facilitated early stage ideation and “catapult” centers, which enabled high‐volume testing in factory‐like facilities. The case reveals how multiple functions needed to integrate, including research and development, product design, and future programs, to ensure that design changes cascaded from one subsystem to another, and that new technologies were linked to a future product to create a final product pull. These findings inform a managerial framework for additive manufacturing scaling that is generalizable to other digital technologies used in the design and production of complex final products, including artificial intelligence, machine learning, smart factories, and cyber physical production systems. Our framework contributes to innovation thought and practice by explaining how new product development processes and organizational structures change under the effect of digital technologies.
Culturing the lined seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) in extensive shrimp ponds and cages
Authors: Zhang Dong , Liu Xin , Lin Tingting , Li Siping , Shen Fengyuan , Wang Yong
Published: May 2023

The aim of the present study was to develop low‐cost techniques for culturing seahorses in extensive shrimp ponds to foster a legal and more sustainable production chain to meet market demand for traditional Chinese medicine. In the present article, the results of two‐year experiments of seahorse culture in cages and extensive shrimp ponds are reported. We found that juveniles of the lined seahorse survived in cages and ponds very well, and the juvenile survival generally was >70% during the experimental periods. The survival and growth of the juveniles were similar to or even better than that reported in indoor tank culture. Additionally, the lined seahorse survived well (>60%) at temperatures up to 34.6°C which is the highest recorded temperature for the species in the field. For large ponds of >5 ha, cage culture may be a better way. For small ponds of <0.3 ha, culturing the seahorse in a pond is recommended. A 1000 m2 pond could support around 7000 of the juveniles of the lined seahorse. In conclusion, culturing the lined seahorse in an extensive shrimp pond is technically feasible.
A network‐based economic growth model with endogenous migration and poverty traps
Authors: Bucci Alberto , La Torre Davide , Liuzzi Danilo , Marsiglio Simone
Published: May 2023

We analyze a network‐based macroeconomic framework with the objective to analyze the effects that endogenous migration choices may have on the mutual relation between population dynamics and capital accumulation. In our economy population size determines the labor input which, together with the available capital stock, shapes total output. Production takes place with a convex‐concave technology allowing for a poverty trap. Migration depends on the origin‐destination income differential and affects the fertility rate. Thus population growth ultimately turns out to be endogenously dependent upon economic conditions. Such feedback effects between population and capital dynamics give rise to possible heterogeneity in the patterns of economic development, allowing to explain the large variability in the level of development between regions we generally observe at world level. We show that a higher degree of economic interaction improves economic outcomes at global level by allowing poor economies to escape their poverty trap, suggesting thus that promoting the formation of tight relations between countries may be an important policy option to favor economic development.
The liminal landscape of mentoring—Stories of physicians becoming mentors
Authors: Valestrand Eivind A. , Hokstad Leif Martin , Schei Edvin , Ofstad Eirik H. , Stenfors Terese , Kvernenes Monika
Published: May 2023

Introduction

This study explores narratives of physicians negotiating liminality while becoming and being mentors for medical students. Liminality is the unstable phase of a learning trajectory in which one leaves behind one understanding but has yet to reach a new insight or position.

Methods

In this study, we analysed semi‐structural interviews of 22 physician mentors from group‐based mentoring programmes at two Norwegian and one Canadian medical school. In a dialogical narrative analysis, we applied liminality as a sensitising lens, focusing on informants' stories of becoming a mentor.

Results

Liminality is an unavoidable aspect of developing as a mentor. Which strategies mentors resort to when facing liminality are influenced by their narrative coherence. Some mentors thrive in liminality, enjoying the possibility of learning and developing as mentors. Others deem mentoring and the medical humanities peripheral to medicine and thus struggle with integrating mentor and physician identities. They may contradict themselves as they shift between their multiple identities, resulting in rejection of the learning potentials that liminality affords.

Conclusion

Mentors with integrated physician and mentor identities can embrace liminality and develop as mentors. Those mentors with contradicting dialogues between their identities may avoid liminality if it challenges their understanding of who they are and make them experience discomfort, confusion and insufficiency while becoming a mentor. Support of the mentoring role from the clinical culture may help these physicians develop internal dialogues that reconcile their clinician and mentor identities.
Transcription–translation coupling: Recent advances and future perspectives
Authors: Woodgate Jason , Zenkin Nikolay
Published: May 2023

The flow of genetic information from the chromosome to protein in all living organisms consists of two steps: (1) copying information coded in DNA into an mRNA intermediate via transcription by RNA polymerase, followed by (2) translation of this mRNA into a polypeptide by the ribosome. Unlike eukaryotes, where transcription and translation are separated by a nuclear envelope, in bacterial cells, these two processes occur within the same compartment. This means that a pioneering ribosome starts translation on nascent mRNA that is still being actively transcribed by RNA polymerase. This tethering via mRNA is referred to as ‘coupling’ of transcription and translation (CTT). CTT raises many questions regarding physical interactions and potential mutual regulation between these large (ribosome is ~2.5 MDa and RNA polymerase is 0.5 MDa) and powerful molecular machines. Accordingly, we will discuss some recently discovered structural and functional aspects of CTT.
GLP‐1 analogs and regional adiposity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akoumianakis Ioannis , Zagaliotis Anastasios , Konstantaraki Maria , Filippatos Theodosios D.
Published: May 2023

Background

Glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) analogs regulate body weight and liver steatosis. Different body adipose tissue (AT) depots exhibit biological variability. Accordingly, GLP‐1 analog effects on AT distribution are unclear.

Objectives

To investigate GLP1‐analog effects on adiposity distribution.

Search methods

PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were screened for eligible randomized human trials. Pre‐defined endpoints included visceral AT (VAT), subcutaneous AT (SAT), total AT (TAT), epicardial AT (EAT), liver AT (LAT), and waist‐to‐hip ratio (W:H). Search was conducted until May 17, 2022.

Data collection and analysis

Data extraction and bias assessment were performed by two independent investigators. Treatment effects were estimated using random effects models. Analyses were performed on Review Manager v5.3.

Main results

Out of the 367 screened studies, 45 were included in the systematic review and 35 were used in the meta‐analysis. GLP‐1 analogs reduced VAT, SAT, TAT, LAT, and EAT, with non‐significant effects on W:H. Overall bias risk was low.

Conclusions

GLP‐1 analog treatment reduces TAT, affecting most studied AT depots, including the pathogenic VAT, EAT, and LAT. GLP‐1 analogs may have significant roles in combating metabolic, obesity‐associated diseases via reductions of key AT depot volumes.
Impact of accommodative insufficiency and accommodative/vergence therapy on ciliary muscle thickness in the eye
Authors: Owusu Emmanuel , Shasteen Nahrain M. , Mitchell G. Lynn , Bailey Melissa D. , Kao Chiu‐Yen , Toole Andrew J. , Richdale Kathryn , Kulp Marjean T.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Recent evidence suggests that the ciliary muscle apical fibres are most responsive to accommodative load; however, the structure of the ciliary muscle in individuals with accommodative insufficiency is unknown. This study examined ciliary muscle structure in individuals with accommodative insufficiency (AI). We also determined the response of the ciliary muscle to accommodative/vergence therapy and increasing accommodative demands to investigate the muscle's responsiveness to workload.

Methods

Subjects with AI were enrolled and matched by age and refractive error with subjects enrolled in another ciliary muscle study as controls. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was used to measure the ciliary muscle thickness (CMT) at rest (0D), maximum thickness (CMTMAX) and over the area from 0.75 mm (CMT0.75) to 3 mm (CMT3) posterior to the scleral spur of the right eye. For those with AI, the ciliary muscle was also measured at increasing levels of accommodative demand (2D, 4D and 6D), both before and after accommodative/vergence therapy.

Results

Sixteen subjects with AI (mean age = 17.4 years, SD = 8.0) were matched with 48 controls (mean age = 17.8 years, SD = 8.2). On average, the controls had 52–72 μm thicker ciliary muscles in the apical region at 0D than those with AI (p = 0.03 for both CMTMAX and CMT 0.75). Differences in thickness between the groups in other regions of the muscle were not statistically significant. After 8 weeks of accommodative/vergence therapy, the CMT increased by an average of 22–42 μm (p ≤ 0.04 for all), while AA increased by 7D (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrated significantly thinner apical ciliary muscle thickness in those with AI and that the ciliary muscle can thicken in response to increased workload. This may explain the mechanism for improvement in signs and symptoms with accommodative/vergence therapy.
Facial infiltrating lipomatosis with hemimegalencephaly and lymphatic malformations caused by nonhotspot phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase catalytic subunit alpha mutation
Authors: Chen Hongrui , Sun Bin , Gao Wei , Jia Hechen , Zhou Lucia , Hua Chen , Lin Xiaoxi
Published: May 2023

We report an unusual case of facial infiltrating lipomatosis with hemimegalencephaly and lymphatic malformations. In addition to the clinical data and imaging findings, detection of a heterozygous PIK3CA nonhotspot known pathogenic variant C420R in a facial epidermal nevus provided novel insight into the pathogenic effect of somatic PIK3CA mutations.