bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public perceptions of cultural ecosystem services provided by beach nourishment and eelgrass restoration in southern Sweden
Authors: Van Well Lisa , Isayeva Anelya , Axel Olsson Pål , Hollander Johan
Published: November 2022

Ecosystem‐based protection is becoming a viable adaptation option to conventional engineered solutions to rising sea levels and coastal erosion. While the environmental and biological ecosystem services provided by ecosystem‐based adaptation measures such as beach nourishment and/or seagrass plantations are being acknowledged and analysed, less attention has been paid to the social or cultural dimensions of these services. This paper builds upon the emerging body of research that explores cultural ecosystem services in coastal areas and how they are perceived by the people who live, work and recreate in these areas. The aim of the paper is to take stock of and understand public and stakeholder perceptions of the cultural ecosystem services that may accrue through eelgrass Zostera marina restoration in tandem with beach nourishment in southern Sweden. The empirical research is based on an on‐line open‐ended questionnaire in the coastal municipalities of Båstad, Trelleborg, Ystad and Kristianstad. The results demonstrate that virtually all respondents had noticed a change in the coastline in recent years, mainly that the coastline had retreated. While beach nourishment measures were recognized among respondents to counter the shoreline erosion, there was very little understanding of the role that eelgrass plantations can play in creating biodiversity and benefits for society. Still, most acknowledged the importance of making room for water and biodiversity at the coast stating how the coastline was valued for primarily health and spiritual reasons. This knowledge will help local, regional and national decision‐makers and regulatory authorities to make evidence‐based choices for coastal protection, by complementing the analysis of environmental and physical ecosystem‐services with cultural and socio‐economic considerations. Nature‐based solutions such as eelgrass reintroduction or beach nourishment should be tailored to the values, perspectives and perceptions of the local communities to help ensure their continued contribution to biodiversity.
Variability in mating strategies in a widespread cactus in the Chihuahuan Desert
Authors: Ortiz‐Martínez L. Eder , del Castillo Rafael F. , Mandujano María C.
Published: November 2022

Opuntia is the most diverse and widespread genus in the Cactaceae; several species have broad distribution ranges and have successfully adapted to distinct habitats. One explanation for their success is the diversity of their reproductive systems. Opuntia macrocentra is one of the most common widespread species in North American deserts. A previous work on a northern population documented that this species has a mixed‐mating system and receives a low frequency of pollinators. In a southern population of O. macrocentra, we described its floral visitors, anthesis schedules and flower morphometry. Through controlled pollination experiments (selfing, outcrossing, supplementary pollen and natural pollination), we assessed the breeding and mating systems and measured pollen limitation. Eight different bee species visited the flowers. Based on their conduct, Diadasia rinconis and Lasioglossum sp. were the main pollinators. Flowers were homogamous and herkogamous. Floral traits and pollination experiments showed that O. macrocentra is xenogamous and self‐incompatible. Fruit set of the natural pollination, outcrossing and supplementary pollen treatments were not statistically different. Seed set was higher in natural pollination and the pollen limitation index for seed set was negative. Based on these results, we conclude that O. macrocentra is not pollen limited in the studied population. These results contrast with those of the previously studied population; therefore, we caution about making generalizations about the reproductive system based solely on studies in one population. The diversity of mating systems displayed by O. macrocentra may explain its broad distribution and adaptation to different environmental factors, one of which may be pollinator availability. Our results highlight the need to describe the reproductive ecology of populations instead of species, because reproductive systems and ecological factors such as plant–animal interactions may differ across their distribution range.
OXIDATIVE SIGNAL‐INDUCIBLE1 induces immunity by coordinating N‐hydroxypipecolic acid, salicylic acid, and camalexin synthesis
Authors: Rawat Anamika A. , Hartmann Michael , Harzen Anne , Lugan Raphael , Stolze Sara Christina , Forzani Celine , Abts Laura , Reißenweber Sophie , Rayapuram Naganand , Nakagami Hirofumi , Zeier Jürgen , Hirt Heribert
Published: November 2022

Expression of OXIDATIVE SIGNAL‐INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) is induced by a number of stress conditions and regulates the interaction of plants with pathogenic and beneficial microbes.

In this work, we generated Arabidopsis OXI1 knockout and genomic OXI1 overexpression lines and show by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analysis that OXI1 triggers ALD1, SARD4, and FMO1 expressions to promote the biosynthesis of pipecolic acid (Pip) and N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP).

OXI1 contributes to enhanced immunity by induced SA biosynthesis via CBP60g‐induced expression of SID2 and camalexin accumulation via WRKY33‐targeted transcription of PAD3. OXI1 regulates genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation such as RbohD and RbohF. OXI1 knock out plants show enhanced expression of nuclear and chloroplast genes of photosynthesis and enhanced growth under ambient conditions, while OXI1 overexpressing plants accumulate NHP, SA, camalexin, and ROS and show a gain‐of‐function (GOF) cell death phenotype and enhanced pathogen resistance. The OXI1 GOF phenotypes are completely suppressed when compromising N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP) synthesis in the fmo1 or ald1 background, showing that OXI1 regulation of immunity is mediated via the NHP pathway.

Overall, these results show that OXI1 plays a key role in basal and effector‐triggered plant immunity by regulating defense and programmed cell death via biosynthesis of salicylic acid, N‐hydroxypipecolic acid, and camalexin.
The effect of the severity of neurocognitive disorders on emotional and motor responses to music
Authors: Hobeika Lise , Ghilain Matthieu , Schiaratura Loris , Lesaffre Micheline , Puisieux François , Huvent‐Grelle Dominique , Samson Séverine
Published: November 2022

The successful design of musical interventions for dementia patients requires knowledge of how rhythmic abilities change with disease severity. In this study, we tested the impact of the severity of the neurocognitive disorders (NCD) on the socioemotional and motor responses to music in three groups of patients with Major NCD, Mild NCD, or No NCD. Patients were asked to tap to a metronomic or musical rhythm while facing a live musician or through a video. We recorded their emotional facial reactions and their sensorimotor synchronization (SMS) abilities. Patients with No NCD or Mild NCD expressed positive socioemotional reactions to music, but patients with Major NCD did not, indicating a decrease in the positive emotional impact of music at this stage of the disease. SMS to a metronome was less regular and less precise in patients with a Major NCD than in patients with No NCD or Mild NCD, which was not the case when tapping with music, particularly in the presence of a live musician, suggesting the relevance of live performance for patients with Major NCD. These findings suggest that the socioemotional and motor reactions to music are negatively affected by the progression of the NCD.
CXCL8, MMP12, and MMP13 are common biomarkers of periodontitis and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xin , Lei Hao , Cheng Yuxun , Fang Shishu , Sun Weifu , Zhang Xiaochen , Jin Zuolin
Published: November 2022

Objective

To analysis the relationship between periodontitis (PD) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by bioinformatic analysis.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed the gene expression profiles of PD (GSE16134) from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and OSCC samples from TCGA‐HNSC (head and neck squamous cell carcinoma) and identified common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PD and OSCC. Then, functional annotation and signaling pathway enrichment, protein interaction network construction, and hub gene identification were performed. Subsequently, the function and signaling pathway enrichment of hub genes, miRNA interaction, and transcription factor interaction analyses were carried out. We analyzed GSE10334 and GSE30784 as validation datasets, and performed qRT‐PCR experiments simultaneously for validation, and obtained 4 hub genes. Finally, immune infiltration analysis and clinical correlation analysis of 4 hub genes and related miRNAs were performed.

Results

We identified 31 DEGs (16 up‐regulated and 15 down‐regulated). Four hub genes were obtained by qRT‐PCR and validation dataset analysis, including IL‐1β, CXCL8, MMP12, and MMP13. The expression levels of them were all significantly upregulated in both diseases. The functions of these genes focus on three areas: neutrophil chemotaxis, migration, and CXCR chemokine receptor binding. Key pathways include IL‐17 signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interactions pathway. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expressions of 4 hub genes were closely related to a variety of immune cells. ROC curve analysis indicated that AUCs of 4 hub genes are all greater than 0.7, among which MMP12 and MMP13 were greater than 0.9. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicated that worse OS was strongly correlated with CXCL8 and MMP13 high‐expression groups. MMP12 low‐expression group was strongly associated with worse OS. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, N stage, CXCL8, MMP12, and MMP13 were independent prognostic factors for OS. We also identified 3 miRNAs, including hsa‐miR‐19b‐3p, hsa‐miR‐181b‐2‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐495‐3p, that were closely related to 4 hub genes. Hsa‐miR‐495‐3p is closely related to the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.

Conclusions

We identified 4 hub genes between PD and OSCC, including IL‐1β, CXCL8, MMP12, and MMP13. These genes may mediate the co‐morbid process of PD and OSCC through inflammation‐related pathways such as the IL‐17 signaling pathway. It is worth noting that CXCL8, MMP12, and MMP13 have great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of OSCC.
Association between oral infections, triglyceride‐glucose index, and in‐stent restenosis
Authors: Wu Yingle , Du Laijing , Fan Mengnan , Chen Xinzhao , Tang Yanyan , Wang Yanyu , Wang Ke , Wang Shaoxin , Li Guangping
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To investigate oral infections in patients suffering in‐stent restenosis (ISR) and non‐ISR and analyze the possible correlation between the oral infection and triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index, a clinical surrogate indicator of insulin resistance (IR).

Materials and Methods

A cross‐sectional design was used, in which 586 patients with acute coronary syndrome who underwent coronary angiography 6–24 months after coronary stent implantation were recruited. The modified total dental index (TDI) was used to evaluate the status of oral inflammation.

Results

In both univariate analyses, TDI scores [3 (1.5, 4.5) vs. 2.5 (1.5, 4.0), p < 0.01] and a multivariate regression model (OR = 1.202, 95% CI = 1.085–1.333, p < 0.01), the TDI significantly correlated with ISR. The TyG index was positively associated with ISR (OR = 1.766, 95% CI = 1.055–2.957, p < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that TDI was positively correlated with TyG index (r = 0.190, p < 0.01). Using linear regression analysis, higher TDI scores were significantly associated with IR (95% CI = 0.029–0.063, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Oral infections and TyG index were independently and positively correlated with ISR in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Oral inflammatory burden assessed by TDI score was associated with IR.
Amoxicillin vs third‐generation cephalosporin for infection prophylaxis after third molar extraction
Authors: Sato Misuzu , Yamana Hayato , Ono Sachiko , Ishimaru Miho , Matsui Hiroki , Yasunaga Hideo
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Although amoxicillin is the first‐line prophylactic drug for impacted mandibular third molar extraction, third‐generation cephalosporins are widely prescribed in Japan. The lack of real‐world evidence may be one reason for this inappropriate use. We evaluated differences in the incidence of surgical site infection between amoxicillin and third‐generation cephalosporins for impacted mandibular third molar extraction.

Methods

Using the JMDC Claims Database, we identified dental visits with fully or horizontally impacted mandibular third molar extraction from April 2015 to March 2020. One‐to‐one propensity‐score matching was conducted between amoxicillin and third‐generation cephalosporin groups. The incidence of surgical site infection following extraction was compared in the matched pairs using McNemar's test.

Results

We identified 109,266 dental visits, including 39,514 (36.2%) patients who received amoxicillin and 69,752 (63.8%) patients who received third‐generation cephalosporins. In the 39,514 matched pairs, the incidence of surgical site infection was 3.5% (n = 1399) for amoxicillin group and 3.7% (n = 1467) for third‐generation cephalosporin group (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

Amoxicillin was associated with a lower incidence of surgical site infection after impacted mandibular third molar extraction compared with third‐generation cephalosporins. This result supports current guidelines and strengthens the importance of disseminating and implementing antimicrobial resistance control in dentistry.
The lifetime of the oxygen‐evolving complex subunit PSBO depends on light intensity and carbon availability in Chlamydomonas
Authors: Vidal‐Meireles André , Kuntam Soujanya , Széles Eszter , Tóth Dávid , Neupert Juliane , Bock Ralph , Tóth Szilvia Z.
Published: November 2022

PSBO is essential for the assembly of the oxygen‐evolving complex in plants and green algae. Despite its importance, we lack essential information on its lifetime and how it depends on the environmental conditions. We have generated nitrate‐inducible PSBO amiRNA lines in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Transgenic strains grew normally under non‐inducing conditions, and their photosynthetic performance was comparable to the control strain. Upon induction of the PSBO amiRNA constructs, cell division halted. In acetate‐containing medium, cellular PSBO protein levels decreased by 60% within 24 h in the dark, by 75% in moderate light, and in high light, the protein completely degraded. Consequently, the photosynthetic apparatus became strongly damaged, probably due to ‘donor‐side‐induced photoinhibition’, and cellular ultrastructure was also severely affected. However, in the absence of acetate during induction, PSBO was remarkably stable at all light intensities and less substantial changes occurred in photosynthesis. Our results demonstrate that the lifetime of PSBO strongly depends on the light intensity and carbon availability, and thus, on the metabolic status of the cells. We also confirm that PSBO is required for photosystem II stability in C. reinhardtii and demonstrate that its specific loss also entails substantial changes in cell morphology and cell cycle.
Phenotypic and molecular features of Thai patients with primary carnitine deficiency
Authors: Liammongkolkul Somporn , Boonyawat Boonchai , Vijarnsorn Chodchanok , Tim‐Aroon Thipwimol , Wasant Pornswan , Vatanavicharn Nithiwat
Published: November 2022

Background

Primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) is screened by expanded newborn screening (NBS) using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) that can detect both affected neonates and mothers. This study aimed to delineate the clinical, biochemical, and molecular findings of Thai PCD patients.

Methods

Expanded NBS using MS/MS was implemented in Bangkok and 146,757 neonates were screened between 2014 and 2018. PCD was screened by low free carnitine (C0) levels in dried blood spots. Plasma C0 levels and C0 clearance values were measured in neonates and their mothers with positive screening results. Clinically diagnosed cases were described. The coding regions and intron‐exon boundaries of the SLC22A5 gene were sequenced in all cases with low plasma C0 levels.

Results

There were 14 cases with confirmed PCD: two clinically diagnosed cases, and 12 cases identified through NBS including five newborns, six mothers, and one older sibling. Thus, the incidence of PCD in neonates was 1:29,351. All affected neonates and mothers were asymptomatic except one mother with dilated cardiomyopathy. SLC22A5 gene sequencing identified biallelic causative variants in all cases, comprising 10 different variants of which four were novel. c.51C > G (p.Phe17Leu) and c.760C > T (p.Arg254Ter) were the most prevalent variants in this study. Cases with significant clinical features tended to have higher C0 clearance values.

Conclusions

Primary carnitine deficiency is a common inherited metabolic disorder (IMD) in Thailand. Our findings broaden the spectrum of SLC22A5 variants. The future national NBS program will shed more light on PCD and other IMDs in Thailand.
Perspectives on challenges and opportunities at the restoration‐policy interface in the U.S.A.
Authors: Samuel Ella M. , Mitchell Rachel M. , Winkler Daniel E.
Published: November 2022

As we advance into the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, understanding the relationship between science, management, and policy is increasingly important given the paucity of research evaluating the ability of existing policy to address contemporary environmental challenges. Despite their inherent interdependence, restoration ecology as a scientific discipline, ecological restoration as a practice, and the policies driving restoration efforts do not always represent a unified force. Accenting the policies and practices within the United States, we present our perspective on challenges associated with this disunion, including those linked to social dimensions of restoration and limitations associated with existing policy. We provide a review of existing federal policy in the United States and synthesize suggestions that have emerged in the literature to fortify connections between restoration science and policy. We also describe social challenges to meeting restoration goals, including barriers surrounding power dynamics, trust, and communication, as well as divergent incentives, perspectives, and values. We propose potential solutions that exist in transdisciplinary collaboration and knowledge sharing, and evidence‐based, balanced decision‐making that equally considers varying perspectives. With the understanding that current conservation practices are not enough to mitigate environmental degradation, we focus on streamlining problem‐solving strategies to support restoration and face the widespread ecological issues of today.
PDE5 to keep them alive: The use of phosphodiesterase type‐5 inhibitors in severe pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease
Authors: Weatherald Jason , Humbert Marc
Published: November 2022

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Ultrathin bronchoscopy and cryobiopsy in diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions: Another tool in the toolbox
Authors: Ing Alvin J. , Saghaie Tajalli
Published: November 2022

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An empirical test of the metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Nordahl Henrik , Vollset Tarjei , Hjemdal Odin
Published: November 2022

The metacognitive model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) places worrying, meta‐worry (“worry about worry”) and corresponding underlying metacognitive beliefs (i.e., beliefs about worry) as central in the maintenance of symptoms. Previous research has demonstrated significant relationships between these factors and symptoms, but no study has tested the statistical fit of this influential model including its hypothesized components and the suggested paths between them. The aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate the fit of the metacognitive model of GAD. A total of 312 participants constituting an analogue GAD sample were included in a cross‐sectional study and completed self‐report measures of anxiety and depression symptoms and scales relevant to the metacognitive model. Metacognitions, worry, and meta‐worry in their hypothesized order provided a good model fit and explained significant and substantial variance in symptoms. These results provide further support for the metacognitive model of GAD and demonstrates separate and unique contributions from worry and meta‐worry to generalized anxiety symptoms of which meta‐worry was the most influential.
Self‐esteem development and life events: A review and integrative process framework
Authors: Reitz Anne K.
Published: November 2022

Self‐esteem is a pervasive individual characteristic with major consequences for people's lives. Recent research demonstrated normative change and substantial individual differences in change across the lifespan, which triggered great interest in the sources of self‐esteem development. This article provides an overview of the present state of the field of self‐esteem development. First, to gain a comprehensive picture, I reviewed findings of different change indicators: mean‐level change, individual differences in change, rank‐order stability, and state (fluctuations). Second, I reviewed theory and empirical evidence on self‐esteem change in response to normative and non‐normative life events in the domains school/work and social relationships. Third, I reviewed theory and empirical evidence on situational processes and psychological mechanisms of self‐esteem development. I integrated theoretical approaches from lifespan, personality developmental, and social‐personality psychology in a process‐oriented framework of self‐esteem development in response to life events. Finally, I discussed directions for theoretical and methodological advancements.
A novel HLA‐C allele, HLA‐C*03:614, identified by next‐generation sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Wang Yan , Ma Junxia , Liu Keyao , Wang Linlin
Published: November 2022

HLA‐C*03:614 has one nucleotide change compared with HLA‐C*03:02:02:01 in exon 7, codon 336.
A comparative assessment of machine learning methods in extracting place functionality from textual content
Authors: Karimi Mina , Mesgari Mohammad Saadi , Purves Ross Stuart
Published: November 2022

Places are usually ambiguous and context dependent. Place functionality as a context in place descriptions is one of the prominent and distinguishing features of place. Today, due to the rapid growth of the Internet and social networks, users usually share place‐based information. Among the types of information, user‐generated textual content is not usually shared in a specific structure. This article aims to extract place functionality using analysis of user‐generated textual contents shared by users. For this purpose, we try to extract and predict the place functionality through the whole user reviews as well as only the action verbs expressed in the reviews. In this research, series of comparative experiments was conducted to highlight the influence of action verbs on the prediction of place functionality and to evaluate the predictability across different natural language processing (NLP) methods. We compare the efficiency of three NLP methods in selecting and extracting features, as well as different machine learning text classifier methods to predict place functionality. Evaluation results show that using the whole text of the review can extract place functionality better than using only the action verbs. Also, the bag‐of‐words feature extraction method performs better than the two embedding methods. Among text classification algorithms, although the multinomial naïve Bayes method is the fastest method, the support vector machine method is more accurate than all other methods, while the execution time of the algorithm is longer. In addition, among the various predicted functionalities, the algorithm's efficiency is higher in Food Places. While the Vacation Rentals are less accurate regarding the high functional similarity to Hotels. In addition, the sub‐categories of Food Places and Shops are predicted with the average accuracy of 89.48 and 84.41% for Food Places with lemmatized words and action verbs, respectively, and the average accuracy of 95.89 and 79.84% for Shops with lemmatized words and action verbs, respectively.
A prolegomenon to the empirical cross‐linguistic study of truth
Authors: Mizumoto Masaharu
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose and justify the cross‐linguistic study of the concept of truth through empirical studies of truth predicates, with results of such studies. We first conceptually explore the possibility of cross‐linguistic disagreement about truth purely due to linguistic norms governing truth predicates, which may imply a kind of pluralism about the concept of truth. We then consider the conditions under which we would be justified in inferring this sort of pluralism from the fact of such cross‐linguistic disagreement. Next, we report results of three studies on the use of English “is true” and Japanese two truth predicates, as well as “is correct” and its Japanese counterpart. We then report another set of studies using a different vignette, where the radical cross‐linguistic difference observed in earlier studies disappeared. These data together suggest that the moral‐political factor in the truth‐bearer (utterance) strongly affects the uses of Japanese truth predicates but not those of English. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the studies and results reported here, and the empirical possibility of what we call lexical alethic pluralism, for debates over relativism, theories of meaning, and the deflationary and inflationary theories of truth.
The CRYOSTAT2 trial: The rationale and study protocol for a multi‐Centre, randomised, controlled trial evaluating the effects of early high‐dose cryoprecipitate in adult patients with major trauma haemorrhage requiring major haemorrhage protocol activation
Authors: Curry Nicola , Davenport Ross , Lucas Joanne , Deary Alison , Benger Jonathan , Edwards Antoinette , Evans Amy , Foley Claire , Green Laura , Morris Stephen , Thomas Helen , Brohi Karim , Stanworth Simon J.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To describe the protocol for a multinational randomised, parallel, superiority trial, in which patients were randomised to receive early high‐dose cryoprecipitate in addition to standard major haemorrhage protocol (MHP), or Standard MHP alone.

Background

Blood transfusion support for trauma‐related major bleeding includes red cells, plasma and platelets. The role of concentrated sources of fibrinogen is less clear and has not been evaluated in large clinical trials. Fibrinogen is a key pro‐coagulant factor that is essential for stable clot formation. A pilot trial had demonstrated that it was feasible to deliver cryoprecipitate as a source of fibrinogen within 90 min of admission.

Methods

Randomisation was via opaque sealed envelopes held securely in participating Emergency Departments or transfusion laboratories. Early cryoprecipitate, provided as 3 pools (equivalent to 15 single units of cryoprecipitate or 6 g fibrinogen supplementation), was transfused as rapidly as possible, and started within 90 min of admission. Participants in both arms received standard treatment defined in the receiving hospital MHP. The primary outcome measure was all‐cause mortality at 28 days. Symptomatic thrombotic events including venous thromboembolism and arterial thrombotic events (myocardial infarction, stroke) were collected from randomisation up to day 28 or discharge from hospital. EQ5D‐5Land Glasgow Outcome Score were completed at discharge and 6 months. All analyses will be performed on an intention to treat basis, with per protocol sensitivity analysis.

Results

The trial opened for recruitment in June 2017 and the final patient completed follow‐up in May 2022.

Discussion

This trial will provide firmer evidence to evaluate the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of early high‐dose cryoprecipitate alongside the standard MHP in major traumatic haemorrhage.
Features and evolution of the ‘Belt and Road’ regional value chain: Complex network analysis
Authors: Pu Yue , Li Yunting , Zhang Jinjin
Published: November 2022

This paper constructs a regional value chain network based on complex network analysis, and analyses its structural features and dynamic evolution process. The results show that at the macro level, the scales of the domestic trade value‐added (DVA) network and foreign trade value‐added (FVA) network of the ‘Belt and Road’ (B&R) show an expanding pattern over time. Moreover, the core‐periphery analysis shows that the network exhibits a vivid core‐periphery structure. Then, community analysis reveals that the network has prominent characteristics of regional agglomeration. After 2005, the division of communities tended to be stable, and the representative countries of the DVA network and FVA network communities differed. Finally, at the individual level, as for degree centrality and strength centrality, China, Russia and Thailand are all the cores in the DVA network, while India, an emerging economy, shows increases in the breadth and depth of relations and becomes more important. In the FVA network, Singapore and Russia are more significant. As for PageRank centrality, Russia, Singapore, China and India are all the cores in the DVA network and FVA network, but for betweenness centrality, the core countries that play the ‘bridge’ role in the DVA network and FVA network are not unified.
Endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach in the management of refractory glaucoma with prior phacoemulsification and Ahmed gonioimplantation in a dog
Authors: Kaminsky Mihal , Hoffman Allison , Konrade Kricket
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To describe successful intraocular pressure control of refractory glaucoma and vision preservation with an endocyclophotocoagulation (ECP) procedure by pars plana approach.

Animal Studied

An 8‐year‐old, female‐spayed, mixed‐breed goniodysgenic dog with glaucoma following phacoemulsification with intraocular lens placement (IOL) refractory to maximized medical therapy and Ahmed gonioimplantation in both eyes (OU).

Procedures

For the first glaucoma interventional surgery, bilateral goniovalve implantation was performed following cataract surgery. A goniovalve was implanted in the left eye (OS) 2‐days post‐phacoemulsification, and 14‐days post‐phacoemulsification in the right eye (OD). Short‐term intraocular pressure (IOP) control was achieved. However, glaucoma recurred 41‐days post‐phacoemulsification OU, and an endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach was performed OU to treat 300° of the ciliary body with a 23‐gauge argon laser endoscope.

Results

Th ECP pars plana approach was successful in obtaining IOP‐control and vision preservation during a 15‐month follow‐up period. No intraoperative complications were encountered. Short‐term postoperative complications included intraocular inflammation with fibrin and postoperative ocular hypertension. Intraocular pressure‐control and vision preservation were maintained at the last follow‐up examination, 15 months postoperative pars plana ECP.

Conclusion

Endocyclophotocoagulation by pars plana approach achieved long‐term (>1 year) IOP‐control, preserved vision, and reduced the number of anti‐glaucoma medications following failure of previous Ahmed gonioimplantation for uncontrolled glaucoma. This is the first case report of an endocyclophotocoagulation procedure by a pars plana approach for uncontrolled glaucoma following Ahmed gonioplantation. With the appropriate skill set, this novel surgical approach can be considered as a surgical intervention for glaucoma in canine patients.
An energy‐efficient two‐stage passively aerated trickling filter for high‐strength wastewater treatment and reuse
Authors: Arous Fatma , Kyriacou Stathis , Ennouri Hajer , Bessadok Salma , Jaouani Atef
Published: November 2022

This work aimed to assess the technical and energetic feasibility of a passively aerated laboratory‐scale trickling filter, configured as a two‐stage system, to produce urban wastewater (UWW) reusable in agriculture. The trickling filter was fed continuously with high‐strength UWW at four hydraulic retention times (HRTs), that is, 10, 5, 2 and 1 day, corresponding to organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.9 kg COD/m3/d, respectively. The results revealed a good performance in organic load removal and nitrification at the four HRTs. The trickling filter showed high organic pollutant removal efficiencies of up to 93%, 94% and 98% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), BOD5 and total suspended solid (TSS), respectively, as well as high ammonia nitrogen removal above 96% at the shortest HRT of 1 day. All physicochemical parameters were significantly lower than the allowable limits set out in ISO 16075 for category C (non‐food crop irrigation) irrigation water. The reuse of treated UWW in irrigation led to germination indexes and growth parameters of triticale (Triticosecale Wittm.) almost equal to those obtained using tap water. Energy use was found to be about 0.2754 kWh/m3 of treated wastewater, making it competitive with trickling filter plants reported in the literature. The simplicity and energy efficiency of the developed trickling filter system, combined with its capacity for almost full nitrification, make it appealing for sewage treatment in small communities in developing countries.
Performing as a transformer species? The invasive alien Reynoutria bohemica changes ecosystem properties in a riparian woodland
Authors: Gentili Rodolfo , Ferré Chiara , Cardarelli Elisa , Caronni Sarah , Montagnani Chiara , Abu El Khair Davide , Citterio Sandra , Comolli Roberto
Published: November 2022

Invasive alien plants may profoundly transform ecosystems over wide areas. The study aimed to assess how the invader Reynoutria bohemica could transform ecosystem components of a native riparian forest in Northern Italy, after about 20 years of invasion. We selected 20 forest sites where we set up two 1 × 1 m plots, one in an invaded and one in a non‐invaded patch. Subsequently, we surveyed the properties of litter and mineral soil, soil biological quality (QBS‐ar), diversity of plant and microarthropod communities and light intensity at the ground level. To determine if the invader affected the quality of herb layer, we selected the native herb Allium ursinum as the indicator species of good quality forest stand and measured its traits in the paired plots. Following the application of linear mixed effects models, the invaded and non‐invaded plots showed differences in soil characteristics and plant community: the thickness of the organic horizon, soil C:N and available P were higher in invaded plots, whereas diversity, light intensity, Allium ursinum abundance and its vegetative vigour were found to be lower. Microarthropod communities and QBS‐ar were modestly influenced by R. bohemica. Redundancy analysis of plant community composition indicated that soil C:N and plant richness were the variables most linked to species invasion. This study highlights the ability of R. bohemica to transform certain ecosystem components in native riparian forests, after just a few decades since its first invasion, thereby underlining the need to implement measures to control its spread.
Unpacking Intermineral Synergies and Reactions During Dust Deposition in an Impingement Coolant Jet
Authors: Nied Eric P. , Bons Jeffrey P. , Lundgreen Ryan K.
Published: November 2022

This paper seeks to unpack synergies that exist between minerals during deposition of the heterogeneous AFRL02 mixture in gas turbine engines and demonstrate that the contributions of each mineral cannot be considered independently. In each experiment, one gram of mineral dust (0–10 µm particle diameter distribution) was injected into an 894 K, 57 m/s coolant flow impinging normally on a Hastelloy X plate with a surface temperature of 1033 K, 1144 K, or 1255 K. Capture efficiency measurements, deposit morphology analyses, and X-ray diffraction results are reported. Besides AFRL02, single mineral dusts, dual mineral dusts, and AFRL02-like dust blends lacking in one mineral were tested. The results of the experiments elucidate that the deposition behavior of single minerals indeed cannot explain the composite deposition of heterogeneous mixtures. For example, gypsum had the highest capture efficiency of any single mineral in ARFL02, and yet removing gypsum from AFRL02 counterintuitively raised the capture efficiency of that blend when compared to AFRL02. Quartz was found to erode albite deposits but stick to and build upon dolomite and halite deposits, even though quartz did not deposit significantly as a single mineral. Quartz also chemically reacted with gypsum and dolomite to form wollastonite and diopside, respectively. Finally, we found that the capture efficiency of each blend increased with plate temperature, but not according to the same trend. Results are interpreted through the lens of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2 eutectic chemistry, but the chemical pathways by which these eutectics come into existence is found to be of equal importance.
Mixed Whirl Modes in Numerical Rotordynamics Analysis
Authors: Juethner Konrad , Rose Ted , Kumar J. S. , Cao Jianming , Savela Gregory M. , Zuck Chris J. , Mathuria Parag H.
Published: November 2022

During the design phase of a rotor system, the identification of whirl type carries much significance. Forward whirl (FW) critical speeds reveal themselves by harmonic peaks during spin-up. Backward whirl (BW) modes are dynamically quiet, but produce cyclic stresses and therefore contribute to material fatigue. The realization, that FW and BW can occur simultaneously in so-called mixed whirl (MW) modes, demands greater investigative scrutiny from the design team. While pure FW or BW modes can be identified by one pair of proximity probes at any single rotor location, many measurements along the rotor axis are needed to either rule out or confirm MW. Since there are practical and economic limits to the number of measurement locations and experiments, the purpose of this paper is to deliver guiding analytic insight. The proposed approach is to overcome experimental limitations by using a finite element (FE) model of the rotor system, compute its nodal whirl distributions from each of its complex-valued eigenvectors, and map the resulting whirl quantities back onto all FE grids. This delivers insightful surface and volume diagnostics to augment experimental rotor validation. Exercising this technique on simplified example models reveals unexpected insight in that FW and BW modes influence one another and become mixed across a greater rotor speed range than anticipated. Therefore, MW turns from an elusive phenomenon into a common occurrence throughout the Campbell diagram, to a point where it becomes increasingly challenging to discern pure FW and BW mode shapes — particularly, at higher modal frequencies. The most surprising and truly unexpected conclusion of this work is that all of the FW/BW pairs considered here do not intersect but veer upon closer investigation. And, as FW transforms into BW and vice versa during the veering transition in the Campbell diagram, their stability maps and root loci accentuate this shift by indicating that stability is traded between them. A mode’s ability to transition from one whirl type to another is significant from the practical design and simulation perspectives, in that engineering responsibility is shared between accurate predictions and appropriate design. As shown in this work, both numerical and eigenvector-based tracking algorithms favor intersection over veering at low rotor speed resolution and can produce believable but incorrect answers.
Turbine Blade Crack Detection Using Blade Vibration Monitoring: Field Study From an Operating Steam Turbine
Authors: Techy Laszlo , De Gooyer Brynn , von Flotow Andy , Tappert Peter , John Shaju , Losh David , Lewit Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Blade Vibration Monitoring techniques were employed at an operating power-generating steam turbine to measure and analyze blade vibrations and monitor turbine blade health. The blade row of interest was the last row of freestanding low-pressure turbine blades that had a known history of blade root cracking. The monitoring instruments were blade tip timing probes that were permanently fixed to the casing, and recorded time of arrival of each passing blade. During normal operation of the steam turbine, a group of blades was experiencing high vibrations that eventually led to crack initiation and subsequent crack growth in one blade. The blade natural frequency changed as a consequence, which was detectable in the blade health trending data, and triggered an advisory for machine shutdown for unscheduled maintenance in order to inspect the blades. The inspection consisted of Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing for in-situ evaluation, which confirmed the crack in the same blade where the monitoring system indicated. The blade was removed, and Fluorescent Magnetic Particle Inspection also confirmed the crack. The Blade Vibration Monitoring system not only identified the root cause of cracking, but possibly prevented turbine blade failure.
Retracted: “High Cycle Bending Fatigue Failure Mechanism of a Blade-Like Specimen at High Stress Ratios” [ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition, Volume 8A] Rotterdam, Netherlands, June 13–17, 2022, Conference Sponsors: International Gas Turbine Institute, ISBN: 978-0-7918-8606-9, Copyright © 2022 by ASME. Paper No. GT2022-81906, V08AT24A007; 8 pages; doi: https://doi.org/10.1115/GT2022-81906
Authors: ASME
Published: November 2022

This paper was removed at the author’s request on December 1, 2022.

Copyright © 2022 by ASME
Application of Machine Learning to Forced Response Predictions of an Industrial Axial Compressor Rotor Blade
Authors: Bruni Giuseppe , Krishnababu Senthil , Jackson Simon
Published: November 2022

Machine learning has gone way beyond a ground-breaking technology a few decades ago to now taken for granted in many day-to-day activities. It is now providing new ways for manufacturing, assembling, operating, monitoring, and maintaining products. Typical application areas include performance optimisation, quality improvements, fault detection and predictive maintenance. In this paper application of machine learning algorithms to forced response prediction during the design and analysis of a typical gas turbine compressor blade is reported. The forced response prediction process typically involves utilising harmonic or time domain CFD analyses to compute the forcing and the aero damping, to calculate reserve factors that represents the high cycle fatigue life of the blade. This time-consuming process is generally limited to the later phases of the design cycle and can lead to hundreds of calculations if one must address all the resonances in a typical twin shaft running range. A neural network trained using historical data is used to directly predict the reserve factor with high confidence without the need for costlier high fidelity CFD by using just the FE predicted parameters. This allows to perform high-fidelity aero-mechanical assessment at an early stage in the design process. Further, application of image recognition using a convoluted neural network to aid in the identification of FE predicted Modeshapes is also demonstrated, which can also improve the quality of the reserve factor predictions.
The Mechanism and Quantitative Evaluation of Slip Damage of Bolted Joint With Spigot
Authors: Hong Jie , Ma YongBo , Feng ShaoBao , Ma YanHong
Published: November 2022

Bolted joints with spigot are widely-used in the structural design of aero-engines. There will be relative motion at the spigot interface during operating without properly design, which results in the loss of stiffness of bolted joints. In this paper, a slip damage model of the bolted joint is established by analyzing the slip behavior of spigot interface. The influence of structural and loading parameters on slip damage have been studied, and an evaluation method is proposed to quantitatively describe the slip damage of bolted joint with spigot using residual deformation. The results show that the slip damage and the loss of stiffness appear during loading and there will be residual deformation in the bolted joint after unloading because of the friction at the spigot interface. The interference of the spigot and the coefficient of friction have a significant effect to improve the slip damage. In addition, the residual deformation can be used to quantitatively evaluate the slip damage.
A Digital Twin of Compressor Blisk Manufacturing Geometrical Variability for the Aeroelastic Uncertainty Quantification of the Aerodynamic Damping
Authors: Gambitta Marco , Beirow Bernd , Schrape Sven
Published: November 2022

This study is centered on the aeroelastic problem for axial compressors blisk airfoils in presence of geometrical variability. The combined problem of structural dynamics and unsteady aerodynamics is of interest for these machines due to the stress induced by blade vibration. The geometrical variability resulting from the manufacturing process of blisk airfoils and its impact on the aeroelastic problem is investigated, focusing on the aerodynamic damping.

The manufacturing geometrical variability is analyzed in a probabilistic manner. A digital twin of the variability is created starting from a dataset of optical surface scans. The measured geometries are parameterized to describe the differences from the nominal geometry. An Autoencoder represents these deviations within a required accuracy, while using a minimal set of variables. The data reduction provided by the Autoencoder technique proved to be very efficient, especially if compared to linear methods as the principal components analysis, allowing to investigate multi-passage deviations from the nominal geometry.

The aerodynamic damping is computed by an unsteady CFD solver, using the aerodynamic influence coefficients method. The manufacturing geometrical variability model is used to represent the real blisk airfoil geometries investigated. The uncertainty quantification evaluates the impact of the deviations from the nominal cyclic symmetrical design on the aerodynamic damping curve. The results can be combined in an aeroelastic reduced order model with the mistuning of the mechanical properties to represent the mistuned blisk vibrations.
Vibration Failure Analysis of Multi-Disk High-Speed Rotor Based on Rotary Inertia Load Model
Authors: Hong Jie , Yan Qi , Sun Bo , Ma YanHong
Published: November 2022

The fan rotor of an advanced low-bypass turbofan engine is usually composed of multistage blisk, a typical multi-disk highspeed rotor working in the postcritical range. A fan rotor test rig had been well balanced, but the phenomenon of excessive vibration occurred several times. This phenomenon showed that the traditional balance theory based on mass eccentricity control has limitations for multi-disk high-speed rotors. Therefore, an analysis model was established in this paper that described the rotor’s mass distribution and the rotary inertia load by two kinds of parameters: the eccentricity and the skew angle of the principal axis of inertia. Then the dynamic response properties of the rotor were simulated and analyzed. The model and simulation results showed that if the principal axis of inertia of the rotor skewed, the amplitude of bearing dynamic load continues to increase with speed, which agrees with the experimental data. Therefore, for the multi-disk rotor, it is necessary to control its eccentricity and the skew angle of the principal axis of inertia at the same time to effectively reduce its dynamic response at high speed.