bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Semantic Status of Chemical Concepts
Authors: Gnitetskaya Tatyana N. , Ivanova Elena B.
Published: July 2012

A method for structuring and optimizing the content of chemistry courses on the basis of quantitative methods is proposed in this article. The concept of semantic status of the knowledge element in terms of semantic status of electron concepts is introduced here. Data characteristics of the substance of semantic status of the electron concept in chemistry and physics are also calculated an compared in this article.
Study on Mo-Ni/Al2O3 Catalyst for Conversion of Mercaptans in the FCC Gasoline
Authors: Shen Zhi Bing , Ke Ming , Yu Pei , Liu Shi Da , Song Zhao Zheng , Jiang Qing Zhe
Published: July 2012

A Mo-Ni/Al2O3catalyst for converting mercaptans into thioethers to remove the mercaptans in the FCC gasoline was studied. Under the optimized conditions, the catalyst showed its good catalytic reaction performance and the activity remained stable after the 1500 h life experiment. After the accelerated aging experiment under severe conditions, the catalyst finally lost its activity at 1850 h. The samples of the fresh and used catalyst were characterized by BET, TEM and XPS. The results showed that the binding energy of sulfided Ni species shifted to the low energy level indicated that the sulfided Ni species might have a reducible tendency in the catalytic run. This could be considered as a main reason of the catalysts deactivation. On the other hand, the metal agglomeration and carbon deposition and nitrides adsorption in the catalytic runs also led to the deterioration of the catalyst.
Catalytic Synthesis of N-Butyl Acetate by Silicotungstic Acid Supported on Bentonite
Authors: Jin Jian Zhong
Published: July 2012

A series of solid acid catalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation method by varying the wt% of silicotungstic acid on bentonite. Silicotungstic acid supported on bentonite was used to catalytic synthesise of n-butyl acetate with acetic acid and n-butyl alcohol . The main reaction parameters such as silicotungstic acid loading on bentonite, the amount of catalyst, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature and reaction time have been investigated. The optimum conditions were determined as follows : silicotungstic acid loading on bentonite 20 wt %, catalyst 0.7 g , mole ratio of n-butanol to acetic acid 1:1.1, reaction temperature 98 °C and reaction time 2 h . The esterification yield of n-butyl acetate was about 98.2 %. The catalyst could be used repeatedly for many times without distinct loss in activity.
The Study on Dipentene Hydrogenation Catalyst
Authors: Dai Chuan Bo , Pan Gao Feng , Li Rui Duan , Wang Hua
Published: July 2012

In this paper, we prepared Dipentene Hydrogenation Catalyst by impregnating, with activated alumina as catalyst carrier and nickel nitrate solution as soaking liquid. The objective of this study was to investigate the influences of the amount of nickel loading, calcination temperature and hydrogen reduction temperature on catalyst activity. The results show that the optimum parameters are: 21% of nickel loading, the calcination temperature of 550-650 °C, the hydrogen reduction temperature of 325-350 °C. The purity of p-menthane prepared under the conditions was more than 97 %, reaching special class standards.
Supported CuO and ZnO Catalyst for Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methyl Alcohol
Authors: Park Chul Min , Ahn Won Ju , Jo Woong Kyu , Song Jin Hun , Oh Chang Yeop , Jeong Young Shin , Kim Ki Joong , Chung Min Chul , Jeong Woon Jo , Park Kwon Pil , Ahn Ho Geun
Published: July 2012

If the surface of the titanium chips (TC) was modified by thermal treatment under air atmosphere, it could be reused as catalyst support or photocatalytic materials. TC-supported CuO and ZnO catalysts were prepared by impregnation (IMP) method and co-precipitation (CP) method using cupric nitrate and zinc nitrate solution as precursors. Loading of CuO and ZnO on TC was 40.6wt% and 50.3wt%, respectively. The catalytic activity for CO2 hydrogenation was investigated using a flow-typed reactor under various pressures. Conversion of carbon dioxide to methyl alcohol over the CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst by CP and IMP methods were ca. 22% and ca. 10%, respectively. Conversion of carbon dioxide over CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst by CP method was increased with increasing reaction temperature in ranging of 15atm to 30 atm. Maximum selectivity and yield to methyl alcohol over CuO-ZnO/TC catalyst at 250°C were ca. 90% at 20 atm and ca. 18.2% at 30 atm, respectively.
The Research on Film-Forming Performance of a New Kind of Compound Inhibitor
Authors: Fan Sheng Ping , Zha Fang Lin , Cao Shu Nan
Published: July 2012

The film-forming effect of a new kind of compound inhibitor at high temperature was researched, with taking pure octadecyamine and pure imidazoline as comparison tests. Coupon test has been taken with autoclave simulating the on-site water-vapor environment; the film-forming effect of the coupon has been evaluated by hydrophobic test, acid copper sulfate drip test ,AC impedance test and scanning electron microscope(SEM) test. The GC-MS test was taken to analysis decomposition products of the compound inhibitor. The results show that the compound inhibitor can film well, and decomposition product doesn’t contain low molecular weight organic acids and other harmful ingredients. The compound inhibitor can applied into practice safely and efficiently.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Bi Doped TiO2 with Visible-Light Response
Authors: Chen Hua Jun , Xi Xiao Jing , Li Dong , Wang Rui
Published: July 2012

A Bi-TiO2 composite with high photocatalytic activity was prepared using tetrabutyl titanate and bismuth nitrate as raw material by hydrothermal method. The structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray fluorescence(XRF) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer(UV-vis DRS). The results show that anatase nanometer titanium dioxide was prepared, in which Bi3+ take the place of Ti4+. The surface area of the sample was higher, ca.312.6m2•g-1. Bi doping caused red-shift of the absorption spectrum, and the composite has better Visible-light Response. Bi-TiO2 shows higher photocatalytic avtivity to the degradation of resorcinol than pure TiO2. The optimum value of Bi doped was 1.00 %. After 120 minutes illuminating under 70W Halide Lamps, degradation rate of resorcinol can get to 100%.
Preparation of MgAlY-LDO Solid Base Catalysts and their Catalytic Performance on the Synthesis of Isophorone via Acetone Condensation
Authors: Zhang Jian Jie , Liu Zi Li , Qin Zu Zeng , Liu Yan , Wang Qi Ying , Zou Han Bo , Chen Sheng Zhou , Liang Hong
Published: July 2012

Mg-Al composite oxide (MgAlY-LDO) solid base catalysts were prepared via the coprecipitation method, followed by calcinations at high temperatures. Isophorone synthesis from acetone condensation was also investigated. The catalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, CO2 temperature-programmed desorption, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. After doping with Y, the MgAl-LDO showed higher catalytic activity at a reaction temperature of 300 °C, 100 kPa and WHSV 6.3 h-1. Furthermore, the conversion of acetone and the selectivity of isophorone increased from 17.8% and 11.0% to 37.5% and 58.7%, respectively. These results indicate that the basicity of MgAlY-LDO as well as the number of its strong base centers increased after Y doping. The pore volume and size of MgAlY-LDO increased because of the increased hydrotalcite layer space caused by the big Y3+ ion. However, the crystal structure of hydrotalcite was remained. Y2O3 was evenly dispersed in MgAlY-LDO at low Y doping amounts. As the doping amount increased, the layer structure of hydrotalcite became distorted, thereby affecting the crystallinity of the hydrotalcite. Some Y3+ ions emerged from the Mg2+ lattice after doping with a high Y3+ concentration.
Microwave Pyrolysis (MP) of Sewage Sludge: Profile of Bio-Fuel Production
Authors: Fang Lin , Li Shan Ting , Yuan Na Na , Zhao Xu Xin
Published: July 2012

This paper mainly focused on the characteristics of pyrolysis temperature and the bio-fuel production, and the energy recovery efficiency of sludge by MP was also explored.The results show that the final temperature of sample added carbonaceous residue (CR) is above 700°C and the maximum heating rate is up to 1.783°C/s. While the maximum heating rate of sludge with activated carbon (AC) is 1.084°C/s. The caloric value of the oil production can reach 41.57MJ/kg, and the content of PAHs is less than 4.54%. The volume fractions of H2 and CO in the gas production are higher than 54%, and the caloric values are higher than 9 540kJ/m3. The oil and gas production can use as the bio-fule.The energy of total bio-fuel obtained sample with CR is 6.99MJ/kg, and the energy recovery ratio is up to 45.63%. The MP is a potential method for the energy recovery of sludge.
Production of Gaseous Fuel from High-Ash Tailings by Pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Hai Bing , Fu Xing Min , Zhu Tao , Liu Shu Cheng , Shu Xin Qian
Published: July 2012

he characteristics of pyrolysis gaseous are conducted out in a laboratory pyrolysis unit with a 30 g charge at vary finial temperature .Based on isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was also applied to study the effects of heating rate on the pyrolysis characteristics of tailings in nitrogen atmosphere. The TG/DTG results show that the heating rate increases, the temperature of volatile matter initiation increases, the total volatile matter evolved decreases and the DTG peak shifts toward higher temperature range. The experiment indicated that with increasing heating temperature in rank, total gas, caloric value, H2 and CO yields gradually increases and CH4 and CO2 first increase and then decrease for all samples. The evolution behavior of gaseous products during primary devolatilisation (400–550°C)and secondary devolatilisation (700–850°C) was also discussed. The results showed that the gas yield was up to 4.306L and the largest capacity hydrogen production was 1.72L in the 950°C and by the charge (30 g ).
Hydrogen Production from Rice Straw Gasification over Modified-Limestone Catalyst
Authors: Surahim Mahmud , Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin , Sivasangar Seenivasagam , Nur Faizal Abdul Rahim , Hussein Mohd Zobir
Published: July 2012

Malaysian limestone modified with and additions of transition metal promoters (Ni, Fe, and Co) were used for gasification of biomass. The effects of selected metal oxide loading and the addition of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 as additive and its influence on limestone catalytic activity during gasification for hydrogen conversion were investigated. The catalysts were synthesized through deposition-precipitation (DP) method and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Temperature programmed gasification (TPG) was conducted to investigated the gasification reaction of rice straw and the product gases were analysed using online mass spectrometer. The gasification process was carried out in partial oxygen (5% O2/Helium) environment heating from 50 to 900 °C with mass ratio biomass to catalyst of 2:1. From the results, Ni promoter was found to give the highest H2 conversion followed by Co and Fe. The calcined limestone had shown to act as a catalyst and CO2 sorbent thus enhancing the production of hydrogen. Moreover, additional of Na2CO3 during gasification process had shown a further increment of H2 production.
Influence of Lignosulfonates on the Stability of Dimethomorph Water Based Suspension
Authors: Pang Yu Xia , Zhou Ting , Lou Hong Ming , Zhou Ming Song
Published: July 2012

The dispersive effect of four lignosulfonates (Kinsperse126, sodium lignosulfonate, magnesium lignosulfonate and a modified lignosulfonate GCL4-1) on the stability of Dimethomorph (DMM) water based suspension with different particle sizes was investigated. DMM suspension without dispersant was unstable owing to the strong aggregation of particles, while the stability was increased after the addition of lignosulfonate (LS), which can be adsorbed on the particle surface and weaken the aggregation of particles. Moreover, the higher sulfonated degree of LS, the better the dispersible ability was. Compared with LS of high sulfonated degree which could improve the zeta potential of DMM, LS with high molecular weight had larger adsorption capacity and steric effect on the pesticide particles. Associated with the dispersive behavior of DMM suspension, the electrostatic repulsion was found to be the more important factor impacting the stability of DMM suspension by comparison with the steric effect.
The Emission Characteristics of the Emulsified Fuel and its Mechanism Research of Reducing Diesel Engine NOx Formation
Authors: Ma Yu Xiang , Wang De Fu , Sun Rui , Chen Zhen Bin
Published: July 2012

A non-turbocharged, direct-injection single-cylinder 1135 diesel engine was measured to investigate the engine fuel economy and emission characteristics with emulsified fuel that contains 18% water by volume. At the same time, the mechanism of reducing diesel engine NOX formation was discussed. The results showed that the diesel engine fueled with emulsified fuel leads to significant decrease in the emissions of soot and NOx and proper increase in fuel-efficiency without modifications in engine structures comparing with the diesel fuel. This paper analyzed that the water physical chemical role has an effect on reducing emulsified fuel thermal NO and prompt NO formation.
Experimental Report of Producing Artificial Diesel Oil and Artificial Glycol from Large Proportion Water
Authors: Wang Zhong Ren
Published: July 2012

The producing of artificial diesel oil and artificial glycol from 75% and 60% water and the rest were commercial diesel or glycol respectively and a little same special additive are reported. The main contents in both liquid were measured. The test results show that the density and the calorific value of the artificial diesel oil were close to the added original diesel oil, but its solidifying point decreased a lot. The elements of the artificial diesel oil are mainly carbon and hydrogen. Infrared spectrum diagrams also showed that there was no water in it. As a whole, the artificial diesel oil is not an oil-water emulsion, but a hydrocarbon liquid even after depositing for 13 years. In the artificial glycol the contents of hydrogen and carbide are closed to the theoretical value but it contained 0.45% water. The above mentioned two important facts show that the new chemical engineering utilizing water will be a very promising area in the near future.
Effect of the Alkali Metals’ Existing Form on its Emission Characteristics during Biomass Combustion Process
Authors: Li Fang Yong , Song Jing Hui , Zhan Zhi Gang
Published: July 2012

As one kind of renewable energy, bio-energy attracts more and more scholars’ attention due to its good ignition, combustion characteristics and zero CO2 release during bio-energy combustion process, alkali metals’ emission could cause fouling, slagging, high temperature corrosion and ultra-fine particulate matter emission, which hazard equipment safety and human healthy. In this paper, the release characteristics of alkali metals during the combustion process of rice straw (RS) and sawdust (SD) was studied by the chemical desperation disposal method and in a vertical thermal balance furnace. Also, the concept of alkali metals’ release ratio was introduced. The Results indicated that increasing the combustion temperature leads to a bigger alkali metals’ release ratio. At the same temperature, the alkali metals release ratio of unwashed biomass is the largest, the acid-washed biomass is the smallest, and the water-washed biomass is in between them. Meanwhile, the existing forms of alkali metals cause different effect to the release ratio, i.e. the ionic form alkali metals release most greatly, the organic form smaller and the other forms the smallest.
Gasoline Desulfurization with Two Catalytic Distillation Columns
Authors: Liu Yu , Yi Chun Hai , Hu Jia Yang , Yang Bo Lun
Published: July 2012

A new approach was proposed to remove sulfuric compounds from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline by combining an alkylation desulfurization catalytic distillation (ADCD) column with a hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation (HDS-CD) column. In the ADCD column, isobutylene (IB) and 3-methylthiophene (3MT) were designated as the model compounds for olefin and sulfide, respectively; NKC-9 cation exchange resin was used as the catalyst. In the HDS-CD column, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as the model sulfides; Nickel phosphide supported on the TiO2-Al2O3 composite oxide prepared by our laboratory were designated as the HDS catalyst. Simulations for these two CD columns were carried out by RADFRAC module of Aspen Plus. The optimization results revealed that the ADCD column had an alkylation selectivity of 96%, and the sulfur content in the overhead stream was less than 8 μg/g. The simulation results of the HDS-CD process showed that the sulfide in the bottom stream of ADCD column can be removed practically by 100% and the clean oil stream from the bottom of HDS-CD column has hardly any sulfur.
Steam Reforming of Model Compounds from Bio-Oil for Hydrogen Production over Pd/HZSM-5 Catalyst
Authors: Wang Qi , Guo Long , Li Xin Bao
Published: July 2012

Ethanol was selected as a model compound of bio-oil. Pd/HZSM-5 catalyst with 5%wt Pd was prepared by wet impregnation method. The steam reforming experiment for hydrogen production was carried out on a fixed bed reactor. The carbon conversion, carbon selectivity of product gas and H2 yield was calculated according the experimental resultsl. It has been found that the best performance was obtained at T=700°C, S/C=9.2 and GC1HSV=346h-1. At this condition, the hydrogen yield and potential hydrogen yield can be as high as 58.1% and 84.3%. The results show that the addition of Pd to HZSM-5 can improve the reforming performance and increase the hydrogen yield.
Experimental Study of High Temperature Profile Control Agent for Oily Sludge
Authors: Zhao Jin Sheng , Xu Zi Qiang , Shen Li Na
Published: July 2012

Oily sludge mainly comes from well site and precipitation tank in gathering point. It is very harmful to oilfield environment and has been a problem of oilfields for a long time. On the base of analyses of the composition solid content of oily sludge in Shengli oilfield, a profile control agent has been developed. Plugging property evaluation experiment showed that this kind of profile control agent possessed core plugging ratio above 99 percent and breakthrough pressure above 10 MPa. So it has higher plugging strength. Parallel core experiment showed that most of the profile control agent is injected into the high permeability zone, for the reservoir whose permeability contrast is above 7, and the harm of profile control agent to low permeability zone is below 15 percent. This oily sludge profile control agent can be used in profile controlling of waterflood input well and steam blocking of thermal production well, this technology will have a good effect in field application.
Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid Using Tri-n-octylamine
Authors: Jung Seong Ho , Kim Ki Sub , Hong Yeon Ki , Park Byung Heung
Published: July 2012

Propionic acid has been received increasing attention due to its various usages as an antifungal agent in food and a chemical in the production of several chemical products. In order to develop an alternative production process of propionic acid such as fermentation of glycerol, the cost effective recovery process of propionic acid from its fermentation broth is needed. Differently from conventional physical extraction, long chain amine (TOA)-based extraction is the separation process using reactions between amine and materials extracted. The equilibrium distribution of propionic acid increased with amine concentration and decreased with increase of n-heptane composition in mixed diluents. From the loading values with TOA concentrations, it was found that the stoichiometries of acid-amine-1-octanol complex were (1,1) and (1,1,1). From this study, amine-based extraction can be promising separation process for the recovery of propionic acid.
Application of Photocatalytic Oxidation Technology on Water Treatment
Authors: Liu Wan Yi , Zhang Zhen Bin , Shen Li , Chen Rui Yang , Liu Miao
Published: July 2012

TiO2 catalyst is n-type semiconductor material. As long as the semiconductor absorbs photons of no less than the band gap width，it enters the excited state together with the formation of light-induced hole in the valence band simultaneously. It is perfectly capable of capturing electronic,and the photo-induced electron e- in the conduction band also has high activity to form a redox system in the semiconductor surface through which most of the organic pollutants and partial inorganic pollutants eventually degrade into innoxious substances. It describes the application of photocatalytic oxidation technology in the field such as treatment of industrial wastewater (inorganic polluted water; dye wastewater; papermaking wastewater; pesticide wastewater; oily wastewater) and drinking water. The research shows that various indexes (chromaticity; COD; mineralization rate; bacteria inactivation rate, etc.) of this technology in water treatment application have achieved the required standards.
An Analysis of Limestone Gypsum Desulfurization Systems
Authors: Wang Chun Yu , Liu Jian Qiu , Guo Peng
Published: July 2012

Limestone-gypsum desulfurization (LGD) technique is rather popular with the Electric Utility industries in their desulfuration operation. It’s been proved that, Control of PH Value and the concentration of gypsum may prevent scaling. Adoption of rubber or plastic linings based on the medium traits and the types of desulfuration system can prevent corrosion. Simple internal structure, control of pH Value of absorption liquid between 5.6 ~ 5.8, and limestone of the particle size ≤325 meshes particle above 90% may raise the efficiency of absorption tower, and promote its longevity. Control of the concentration of Chloride ion (Cl-) may guarantee a high quality of gypsum products.
Adsorption Study of Reactive Dyes on Cotton Fabric in Non-Aqueous Systems
Authors: Yi Shi Xiong , Dong Yong Chun
Published: July 2012

Abstract: The non-ionic reverse micelles used for dyeing cotton fabric were prepared with a non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100) by injecting small amount of reactive dye aqueous solution. The effect of electrolyte on the adsorption capacity of reactive dyes onto cotton fabric in this system was studied. And the adsorption properties of three water-soluble anionic azo dyes including Reactive Blue 222, Reactive Red 195 and Reactive Yellow 145 onto cotton fabric in TX-100 reverse micelle were also studied and compared. The results indicated that reactive dyes showed a better adsorption property on cotton fabric in TX-100 reverse micelle without the addition of NaCl. The adsorption of the dyes onto cotton showed better agreement with Langmuir isotherm equation. Reactive Yellow 145 with lower negative charge and higher hydrophilicity exhibited the higher adsorption capacity than the other dyes. The adsorption process follows by the chemical adsorption.
The Technology Progress and Development of APT Green Smelting in China
Authors: Wan Lin Sheng , Yang Shu Sheng , Zhao Li Fu , Li Hong Chao
Published: July 2012

In the paper, the four core technologies "low cost and efficient decomposition," "APT property control", "fuzzy exchange and super desorption," "liquid、gas efficient closed-circuit" in Zhangyuan Tungsten Co.,Ltd in the past 20 years are elaborated in all aspects，and the research of wolframite and scheelite closed-circuit smelting process and zero emission technology are also introduced
Research on Additives Assisted Catalytic Cyclo-Dehydration of 1, 4-Butanediol to Tetrahydrofuran in Near-Critical Water
Authors: Yang Yan , Dai Li Yi , Wang Jin Shou , Zhou Hong Yan
Published: July 2012

We herein report the cyclo-dehydration of 1,4-butanediol (BD) assisted with additives to form tetrahydrofuran (THF) in near-critical water (NCW).Three additives including Fe2(SO4)3,ZnSO4 and NaHSO4 were screened. Effects of various experimental parameters such as temperature (260-340°C), time (60-180min), reactant/water ratio (r/w, 1:10-1:40) and pressure (15-25MPa) on the yield of THF were examined. Without the presence of additives, the results showed that increasing temperature favored the cyclo-dehydration of BD to form THF. The maximum yield (52.61 wt. %) was obtained at temperature of 340°C and time of 180 min. With the presence of additives, at temperature range of 260~300°C and time range of 60~130min, all the additives selected can promote the cyclo-dehydration of BD to yield THF. However, with further increasing temperature and time, the additives would suppress the formation of THF. The catalytic activity toward the production of THF in the order of Fe2(SO4)3> ZnSO4> NaHSO4. The maximum yield of THF assisted with Fe2(SO4)3 could reach as high as 59.85 wt. % at 320°C, 120 min. Large reactant/water ratio would not benefit the yield of THF because of the dilution of additive. Increasing the pressure will slightly increase the yield of THF. Base on experimental results, a possible reaction mechanism and pathway of dehydration of BD was proposed in NCW.
Effect of the Ion Strengths in Different Salt Solutions on the Absorbencies of Poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) Superabsorbent by Inverse Suspension Polymerization
Authors: Xie Jian Jun , Yao Qing Xin , Zeng Nian , Ding Chu
Published: July 2012

The absorbencies of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (PAAM) are measured for the ion strengths of the salt solutions using the self-made PAAM by inverse suspension polymerization. The effects of various salt solutions on the swelling properties were studied systemically, and the relationship between the absorbency (Q) of PAAM and the concentrations of different salt solutions(c) could be expressed as Q=kcn. The absorbencies of PAAM decrease obviously with the ion strengths (less than 0.03mol/kg) and had no great change when the ion strengths were higher than 0.03mol/kg for the same solution systems. The absorbency decreased with an increase in charge of the metal cation. The absorbencies of the PAAM in the sodium solutions with different anion decreased with an increase of the ion strengths. However, the absorbencies increased with the increase in charge of the anionic group and were in order PO43->CO32->Cl-.
Comparison between Treated and Untreated Zeolite towards the Performance of Polyethersulfone Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) for O2/N2 Gas Separation
Authors: Ridzuan Norida Binti , Musa Muhammad Hidayat
Published: July 2012

Keywords: Polyethersulfone MMMs, Zeolite 4A, Silane Coupling Agent, Gas separation Abstract.Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) is one of the alternative ways to increase the performance of plain polymeric membrane. In this study, the performance of MMMs using treated zeolite and the ones using untreated zeolite were compared to see the effect of the coupling agent towards the separation of O2 and N2. The polymer solution contains Polyethersulfone (PES) as the polymer, N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent and distilled water (H2O) as the non-solvent. For the MMMs using treated zeolite, the zeolite was first treated using Aminopropyl-Trimethoxysilane (APTMOS), a silane coupling agent before inserted into the polymer solution. For both types of MMMs, the zeolite concentration between 5 to 20 wt % were applied. The dry/wet phase inversion methods were used to produce the asymmetric flat sheet membrane. The prepared membranes were coated with silicone and N-Hexane in order to decrease the surface defect of the membrane. The best performance had found for membranes using treated zeolite where the selectivity was 3.3 for 15 % zeolite concentration at 3 bar operating pressure compare to the untreated zeolite . As a conclusion, it believe that surface modification of zeolite plays an important role to the incompatibility of zeolite and polymer to the formation of large free voids and it affected the overall selectivity and permeability.
Synthesis and Properties of a High-Molecular-Weight Polyimide Based on 4, 4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) Diphthalic Anhydride
Authors: Wu Hui Wen , Li Hua , Liu He Zhou
Published: July 2012

A soluble polyimide with high molecular weight was synthesized from 4, 4'-(hexafluoroiso propylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 2, 2’-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAPAF) via two-step polycondesation procedure involving the preparation of poly(amic acid) (PAA) followed by chemical imidization. Effect of synthesis parameters on polyimide molecular weight involving material ratio, imidization temperature and imidization catalyst were studied. Synthesized PI was analyzed with respect to their molecular weights, chemical structures and solubility through GPC, FTIR, XRD and solubility tests respectively. The results showed that a high-molecular-weight PI was successfully synthesized from 4, 4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride and 2, 2’-bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane with imidization at 80°C for 3h, material ratio of n(BAPAF):n(6FDA) equal to 1:1 and catalyst of n(triethylamine):n (pyridine) less than1:3. The obtained PI showed excellent solubility in polar aprotic organic solvents such as NMP, DMAc, DMSO, THF and Acetone. Poly(6FDA-BAPAF) PI, with high molecular weight and excellent solubility, which was synthesized under lower imidization temperature that was equal to 80°C,could be easily obtained and convenient to process, thus it is a potential material for membrane separation.
Study on Graft Copolymerization of Maleic Anhydride onto Ground Rubber Tire
Authors: Luo Ling , Wang Xing , Liu Yun , Yu Zi Li
Published: July 2012

The graft copolymerization of maleic anhydride (MAH) onto ground rubber tire (GRT) was investigated through solvothermal synthesis route using free radical initiator. The effects of solvents, initiators and their concentration, and GRT mesh size on the grafting yield (GY) were studied, and the optimal conditions were concluded. The results showed that the high GY was obtained by using toluene as solvent, 1% azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, and GRT fine powder as raw material. Infrared spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra confirmed that MAH was successfully grafted onto the GRT molecules. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the thermal stability of graft GRT (GRT-g-MAH) is better than that of GRT slightly. The blending experimental results suggest that the GRT-g-MAH can be used as a compatilizer for GRT/HDPE blends.
Preparation of Alkyl Polyglucoside Surfactants by One-Step
Authors: Li Jia Yin , Liu Yan Jun , Zheng Guo , Sun Yu , Hao Ya Ning , Fu Tao
Published: July 2012

Dodecyl polyglucoside was synthesized by glucose and dodecanol using P-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst. The effects catalyst type, proportion of material, reaction temperature and pressure were discussed in this paper. The most appropriate reaction conditions: mole ratio of laurel alcohol and glucose 6:1, mass of ratio of P-toluenesulfonic and glucose 0.008:1, reaction temperature 120°C and reaction pressure 5.0kPa.
Preparation and Analysis of Homo-Polymer and Copolymer from Tetra-Coordinate Silicate
Authors: Song Jian Hua , Fan San Jun
Published: July 2012

Highly reactive penta-coordinate organic silicon was prepared by the reaction of silica with ethylene glycol and potassium hydroxide, which reacted with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride to synthesize a new 4-vinyl benzyl tetra-coordinate silicate (VBTCS), and the new monomer was homo-polymerized and copolymerized with styrene and methyl acrylate via free radical polymerization, respectively. Tetra-coordinate silicon monomer, homo-polymer, and copolymers were characterized by IR, EA, TG, DSC, GPC etc.
Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of Poly-6-O-(10-undecylenoyl) D-Glucose
Authors: Wei Chao , Wang Yin Zhen , Yan Wei , Yao Ping Jia , Wei Yuan An
Published: July 2012

Immobilized lipase Novozym-435 catalyzed regioselective synthesis of glucose and undecylenic acid(UA) to produce glucose mono-ester in Organic solvents was investigated. Reactionconditions were tested in order to produce the mono-ester more rapidly and in higher yield, the optimal conditions were obtained as: temperature at 50°C,mole ratio of glucose toUA of 1:2,concentration of molecular sieves and enzyme used as 0.56mg/mL and 10mg/mL respectively . After the reaction, product was purified, and characterized by MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and determined as 6-O-(10-undercylenoyl)-D-glucose, The product was used as the starting material, K2S2O8 as a chemical initiator, to polymerize and form the sugar-containing polymer, which could be used for medicine release agent and other application of biological materials.
Preparation and Performance of Organic-Inorganic Complexed Anti-UV Finishing Agents
Authors: Ma Wei , Meng Mei , Guo Sheng Qian , Zhang Shu Fen
Published: July 2012

Two novel organic-inorganic complexed anti-UV finishing agents UV531/TiO2 and UV284/TiO2 were prepared, based on organic benzophenone UV-absorber UV531 and UV284 entrapped in TiO2 sol, and were then characterized by FTIR and TG. The cotton fabrics were finished with the complexed agents with a pad-dry-cure process and the anti-ultraviolet performance of the fabrics was analyzed. The results showed that UV531/TiO2 finished fabrics demonstrated good anti-ultraviolet performance and wash fastness.
Synthesis of Conductive Polymer PEDOT in Aqueous Lignosulfonate Solutions
Authors: Deng Yong Hong , Xiao Liang
Published: July 2012

To solve the solubility problem of conductive poly (3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene) (PEDOT), PEDOT was synthesized from polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene (EDOT) in aqueous lignosulfonate (LS) solutions with ammonium persulfate as the oxidant. Results showed that conductive polymer PEDOT was successfully obtained in the present of LS, and the PEDOT/LS conductive compounds could be well dispersed into water. The effective diameter of the PEDOT/LS compounds decreased with increasing feed ratio of EDOT:LS. When the EDOT:LS ratio was up to 3.5:1, the effective diameter of PEDOT/LS was about 100 nm as detected by light scattering and TEM. The surface resistance of PEDOT/LS coating was about 107 Ω/sq, and had little change after treatment of washing and heating, so the PEDOT/LS dispersion could be used as a good antistatic agent.
Effect of Side-Chain Structure of Polycarboxylic Acid Type Water-Reducer on Hydration of C3A
Authors: Zhu Yan Chao , Ma Bao Guo , Tan Hong Bo
Published: July 2012

Several polycarboxylate superplasticizers (PCs) with different side-chain structure have been synthesized. The effect of side-chain structure of PCs on hydration of C3A has been investigated by XRD, TG-DSC and SEM. The results show that PCs restrain hydration of C3A as a whole, but accelerate formation of Al(OH)3 and C3AH6; with increase molecular weight of long-side-chain, hydration of C3A is slowed, and the formation of Al (OH)3 and C2AH8 also become slowed. With increase proportion of long-side-chain, hydration of C3A and formation of C3AH6 are slowed, but existence of C2AH8 become obvious. The six-party flake hydrated products of C3AH6 are formed with a large number of grafted carboxyl.
Preparation of Polyurethane-Modified Epoxy
Authors: Hao Ya Ning , Zhou Cun , Zheng Guo , Sun Yu , Li Jia Yin , Fu Tao
Published: July 2012

Polyurethane (PU) prepolymer with the isocyanine-based were synthesized by toluene -2, 4-diisocyanate (TDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) and polyethylene glycol (PEG-1000) with N-methylpyrrolidone as the solvent. The effects of temperature and time on the synthesis of polyurethane prepolymer were examined in this paper. The structures of PU, unmodified epoxy resin and modified epoxy resin were identified by FI-IR spectra. It was shown that polyurethane prepolymer was synthesized at 70°C for 5 hours and modified epoxy resin was synthesized successfully.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Multiblock Thermoplastic Elastomers - Poly(ester-imide-ether) - Based on Pyromellitic Dianhydride, Glycine, 1,4-Butanediol and Polytetramethylene Glycol
Authors: Chen Si , Lin Shao Jian , Lan Jian Wu , Shang Jiao Jiao , Li Ya Ni , He Wen , Huang Xia
Published: July 2012

A series of multiblock thermoplastic ploy(ester imide ether)s elastomers derived from polytetramethylene glycol of molecule weight is 1000 (PTMG1000), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and a new imide diacid monomer were synthesized of Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and glycine (GLY). was synthesized by two-step melting polycondensation method. Their chemical structures were studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy as well as their thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. Otherwise, the solubility of these polymers was characterized by various organic solvents. The effects of the hard/soft segment content on the thermal properties and soluble behavior were investigated. The result demonstrated that these copolymers had better thermal properties (Tm: 225~280°C and T5% : 350~353°C) than those of conventional thermoplastic elastomers due to the introduction of imide bond. At the same time, the polymers have good solubility.
Effect of Organotin on the Thermal Stability of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)
Authors: Wei Feng , Lu Yi Heng , Liu Wei Long
Published: July 2012

The thermal degradation behavior of PVC stabilized by the organotin were investigated by means of the thermogravimetric analysis and non-isothermal multiple scanning method. The results indicate that the lowest decomposition temperature is greater than 210°C in the conversion rate of 5%. The decomposition process occurred in three stages. The results calculated by Kissinger, Ozawa, Starink and Friedman methods show that the average apparent activation energy in first, second and third phase is 98.46kJ/mol, 111.24kJ/mol and 243.23kJ/mol respectively. In the initial reaction (α<10%), the decomposition reaction is controlled by the first order (F1) mechanism, with a half-life of 4.92h at 180°C.
Synthesis of Lawsone as Dye
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Rui
Published: July 2012

In this paper, a viable route was adopted for the synthesis of lawsone. The chemical structure of the product was confirmed by UV–Vis, IR, NMR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The obtained 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was applied to dye wool fiber by pre-mordanting method with various dyeing conditions and exhibited good washing fastness, dry and wet rubbing fastness and good light fastness. These results may be helpful for the further application investigations into its commercial prospects in textile dyeing industry.
Research and Manufacture of Thermoplastic Polyimide Engineering Plastics
Authors: Zhang Peng Fei , Huang Hui , Wang Shu Yan
Published: July 2012

Aromatic polyimide was synthesized by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and diamine with aromatic ether. An optimized compression molding process for producing high performance engineering plastics from aromatic polyimide was investigated. The plastics showed high thermal stability, excellent mechanical and electrical properties. The polyimide which was characterized by IR spectra, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) exhibited glass transition temperatures (Tg) at 270 °C, and 5% weight loss temperature at 537 °C. Additionally, a novel technology relating to the recovery of solvent under vacuum condition was proposed, and exhibited better mobility of powder and toughness of plastics, low costs and hydrolysis rate.
Preparation and Study of Polystyrene Magnetic Microspheres
Authors: Liu Chun Li , Tang Wei Ping
Published: July 2012

Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were as seeds and synthesized by the chemical co-precipitation and modified by bilayer surfactants. Styrene was as monomer in the emulsion polymerization ;And copolymerzation of both monomer with crylic acid and enfold Fe3O4.Use TEM observed: in the same experiment condition the magnetic microspheres of copolymerzation with crylic acid were enfolded better.And effects of adding methods of AA and its concentration on the content of magnetic microspheres surface carboxyl groups were studied.
Extracting Plasticizer from Polyvinylbutyral Plastics by Supercritical Fluid
Authors: Wang Hui , Chen Kai Da , Fu Jian Gang
Published: July 2012

Extraction conditions (flow rate of CO2, time of extraction, pressure of extraction, temperature of extraction, type of entrainer, content of plasticizer) on the impact of the yield coefficient were discussed, and the best technical parameters were determined in this paper. The results show that the best time is 180 min, pressure is 25 MPa, temperature is 55 °C, flow rate is 25 L/h, and entrainer is 200 mL petroleum ether. The plasticizer’s yield coefficient can reach 78.26% under the conditions, and the performance and structure of resin and plasticizer are almost the same after being extracted.
Improving Gypsum Slurry Filtration in the Production of Phosphoric Acid by Adding Cationic Amphiphilic Copolymer
Authors: Liu Yong , Fei De Jun , Dang Ya Gu , Wu Jian Xun , Du Guang Chao
Published: July 2012

A cationic amphiphilic copolymer was synthesized with acrylamide (AM), dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC), monomer B by solution copolymerization. Through the orthogonal test, the optimum synthesis condition was obtained as follow: the solid content of the polymerization system is 10%, the pH value is 4.0, the polymerization temperature is 60°C, the concentration of the initiator is 0.06%, and the monomer ratio of m (AM): m (DMDAAC): m (monomer B) is 70:10:20. The copolymer was used for the filtration aiding in the wet process phosphoric acid. The filtration rate of the gypsum slurry is increased by 4.8 times, and the filter cake moisture is reduced by 11.79%, with the addition of PADB. The mechanism of filtration aiding was also researched, which shows that PADB can change the mean diameter of crystals and agglomerate the tiny crystals; PADB can decrease the surface tension of the filter liquor and enhance the hydrophobicity of the gypsum.
Study on Thermal Reduction of Phosphate Ore by Carbon in the Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Kang Ming Xiong , Tian Hao Yi , Wu Yuan Xin
Published: July 2012

A new method that phosphate ore was reduced by carbon under fluidization was introduced to produce yellow phosphorus, and we made thermodynamic analysis of the process and investigated the effect of coke content, flow of nitrogen gas, and temperature on percent reduction of phosphate ore. The thermodynamic analysis indicated that the beginning reaction temperature of phosphate ore with mole ratio of silica-to-lime equal to 3 decreased by 8.8°C with increasing 0.1 atm N2 partial pressure when the system total pressure was 1 atm. The experiment results showed that percent reduction of phosphate ore increased with increasing the coke content, the flow rate of nitrogen gas below 600 L/h and the temperature. The reduction rate in the fluidized bed reactor was better than that in a fixed bed under the same temperature, particularly lower temperature. The temperature was a dominant factor, the influence of which on reaction was greater than any other factors.
Studies on CO2 Absorption in Simulating Flue Gas
Authors: Lü Jian Yi , Shi Xiao Bin
Published: July 2012

The absorption of CO2 with ethanolamine (MEA) was studied in this paper, and proper additives such as piperazine (PZ) and N- methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) were mixed in different proportion to the main reacting substance. The performance of absorbents with different formula were studied by analyzing and comparing the characteristic indexes of absorbents, including absorption rate, regeneration temperature, absorption capacity of CO2, and regeneration degree. The results have been shown that aqueous solutions added PZ could increase absorption rate and improve absorption capacity than that of MDEA, and Aqueous solutions added MDEA could decrease regeneration energy and improve regeneration degree than that of PZ. The formular of 16%MEA+4%PZ could be the most suitable absorbent of CO2 in the study.
Preparation and Properties of Amide Surfactants
Authors: Xu Bao Cai , Zhang Gui Ju , Li Yun Xia , Cui Lu
Published: July 2012

Amide surfactants have modified structures with lipophilic groups connecting hydrophilic groups through amido bond. The preparation of three families of amide surfactants including long chain N-acyl sarcosinates, amidopropyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaines and lauryl amidopropyl trimethyl ammoniums were discussed. The study of the surface activity of these compounds by measuring the equilibrium surface tensions of their dilute aqueous solutions were described. The minimum surface tension and the critical micelle concentration values of these compounds are given.
Determination of Nitrofurans Residue in Fishery Products Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Huang Xuan Yun , Huang Dong Mei , Shi Yong Fu , Feng Bing , Li Bing , Yu Hui Juan , Xu Jie , Wang Yuan , Cai You Qiong
Published: July 2012

Nitrofurans residue in fishery products were dangerous for human health and still remain a big challenge in China. However, there are a few available methods to detect nitrofurans residue in fishery products. This study aimed at developing a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to detect four nitrofurans (furaltadone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin and furazolidone) residue in fishery products sensitively . Firstly the nitrofurans were extracted from samples with ethyl acetate and then concentrated with rotary evaporator. After mobile phase dissolved and normal hexane defatted, the analytes were quantified with an external standard method by HPLC. The results showed that the linear range was 0.025~1.000μg/mL with correlation coefficients all more than 0.998 and the quantification limits of furaltadone, nitrofurazone, nitrofurantoin, furazolidone, were 11.0, 6.00, 13.0 and 7.00μg/kg respectively. The method was used to detect the nitrofurans in fishery products prepared with recovery rates from 72.2% to 107.4% and relative standard deviation (RSD) varied from 6.2% to 10.4%. Therefore, this method can be used for monitoring nitrofurans in commercial fishery products, improving the safety of commercial fishery products in China.
Comparison and Analysis of Acid-Stable and Acid-Unstable α-Amylases from Aspergillus niger with Computer
Authors: Liu Yong Le , Wang Fa Xiang , Yu Jian , Li Xiang Hong , Wang Jian Hui
Published: July 2012

Aspergillus niger can produce an acid-stable α-amylase as well as an acid-unstable one, the relation between the structural differences and their acid-resistant capability is of great interest. In this paper, the primary parameters, secondary and tertiary structures of these two types of α-amylases was analyzed and compared, the results shows that they has 67% sequence identity and high homology in secondary and tertiary structure. The acid-stable α-amylase has lower isoelectric point and higher molar percent of acidic amino acid than the acid-unstable one. The four major structural differences of these two types of enzymes is located at residues 132-138, 206-212, 329-335 and 378-382 and formed vary fold pattern.
Effects of a Combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 Treatment and Slow Cooling on Postharvest Physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ Peach during Storage
Authors: Yan Shi Jie , Liang Li Ya , Ma Zhao Chun , Wang Ru Fu
Published: July 2012

Effects of a combination of 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment and slow cooling on postharvest physiology of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach were investigated. Respiration rate, ethylene production, firmness, juice contents and percentage of good fruit were studied to evaluate the quality of peach. The results showed that 1-MCP, CaCl2 treatment reduced the amount of respiration rate and ethylene production, delayed the appearence of ethylene peak, prolonged softening, restrained the chilling injury of ‘Zhonghuashoutao’ peach after harvest. Slow cooling method had better effect and could delay the incidence of physiological disorder and maintained good quality during storage.