bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentecostais, Clientelismo e Política: uma Avaliação da Literatura Sobre América Latina e Brasil
Authors: Lacerda Fabio
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo é uma revisão da literatura sobre o crescimento pentecostal na América Latina e, em particular, no Brasil. A literatura é dividida em dois grupos. O primeiro é formado por trabalhos oriundos da antropologia e da sociologia da religião e busca investigar o impacto do crescimento pentecostal para o continente latino-americano. O segundo está mais voltado ao caso brasileiro e dá ênfase à mobilização eleitoral das igrejas pentecostais, sendo constituído por trabalhos da sociologia e da ciência política. O artigo também coloca em evidência o uso, feito pela literatura, do clientelismo como elemento presente na mobilização pentecostal. Argumento que as referências a práticas clientelistas pentecostais, conquanto não necessariamente equivocadas, carecem de um esforço conceitual e empírico mais aprofundado. Ao final do artigo, apresento uma análise simples da produção de leis da Assembleia Legislativa paulista com o mero objetivo de ressaltar, primeiro, a necessidade de melhor definição conceitual sobre o que se entende por clientelismo, e segundo, a dificuldade de oferecer argumentos empíricos que confirmem a hipótese de que políticos pentecostais seriam mais clientelistas do que os outros.
Enhancing Renal Lymphatic Expansion Prevents Hypertension in Mice
Authors: Lopez Gelston Catalina A. , Balasubbramanian Dakshnapriya , Abouelkheir Gabriella R. , Lopez Alexandra H. , Hudson Kayla R. , Johnson Eric R. , Muthuchamy Mariappan , Mitchell Brett M. , Rutkowski Joseph M.
Published: February 2018

Rationale:

Hypertension is associated with renal infiltration of activated immune cells; however, the role of renal lymphatics and immune cell exfiltration is unknown.

Objective:

We tested the hypotheses that increased renal lymphatic density is associated with 2 different forms of hypertension in mice and that further augmenting renal lymphatic vessel expansion prevents hypertension by reducing renal immune cell accumulation.

Methods and Results:

Mice with salt-sensitive hypertension or nitric oxide synthase inhibition–induced hypertension exhibited significant increases in renal lymphatic vessel density and immune cell infiltration associated with inflammation. Genetic induction of enhanced lymphangiogenesis only in the kidney, however, reduced renal immune cell accumulation and prevented hypertension.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate that renal lymphatics play a key role in immune cell trafficking in the kidney and blood pressure regulation in hypertension.
Annotated checklist and key to the species of amphibians and reptiles inhabiting the northern Peruvian dry forest along the Andean valley of the Marañón River and its tributaries
Authors: KOCH CLAUDIA , VENEGAS PABLO J. , CRUZ ROY SANTA , BÖHME WOLFGANG
Published: February 2018

A checklist of the amphibians and reptiles of 35 localities situated in the northern Peruvian dry forest valley of the Marañón River and its tributaries, containing 14 species of amphibians and 54 species of reptiles, is provided from data collected between July 2005 and April 2014 during several herpetological surveys and from the literature. Detailed accounts are given for each collected species containing morphometric and scalation data, information on natural history, comments regarding their distribution, the conservation status and key literature. Eleven new species were discovered and described during the survey period. At least five additional taxa might also represent new species but more field work and data collection are necessary to determine their status. For two snake species we provide the first country record and for 23 further species new departamental records are provided.
Role of Natural Climate Variability in the Detection of Anthropogenic Climate Change Signal for Mean and Extreme Precipitation at Local and Regional Scales
Authors: Martel Jean-Luc , Mailhot Alain , Brissette François , Caya Daniel
Published: February 2018

Climate change will impact both mean and extreme precipitation, having potentially significant consequences on water resources. The implementation of efficient adaptation measures must rely on the development of reliable projections of future precipitation and on the assessment of their related uncertainty. Natural climate variability is a key uncertainty component, which can result in apparent decadal trends that may be greater or lower than the long-term underlying anthropogenic climate change trend. The goal of the present study is to assess how natural climate variability affects the ability to detect the climate change signal for mean and extreme precipitation. Annual and seasonal total precipitation are used as indicators of the mean, whereas annual and seasonal maximum daily precipitation are used as indicators of extremes. This is done using the CanESM2 50-member and CESM1 40-member large ensembles of simulations over the 1950–2100 period. At the local scale, results indicate that natural climate variability will dominate the uncertainty for annual and seasonal extreme precipitation going up to the end of the century in many parts of the world. The climate change signal can, however, be reliably detected much earlier at the regional scale for extreme precipitation. In the case of annual and seasonal total precipitation, the climate change signal can be reliably detected at the local scale without resorting to a regional analysis. Nonetheless, natural climate variability can impede the detection of the anthropogenic climate change signal until the middle to late century in many parts of the world for mean and extreme precipitation.
Staying, leaving and returning: Rurality and the development of reflexivity and motility
Authors: Cook Julia , Cuervo Hernán
Published: February 2018

Studies of rural areas have necessarily been occupied by discussions of migration, the experience of which is often concentrated among young adults in the years immediately following the end of secondary education. This dynamic has been attributed to a mobility imperative that equates leaving rural areas for the opportunities offered by urban centres with success, and staying in rural areas with failure. This article interrogates the distinction between those who leave rural areas and those who stay, drawing on life-course research that contextualises the post-secondary mobility imperative within individuals’ wider biographies in order to challenge claims that mobility is associated with the development of personal resources that lie outside the reach of those who are not mobile. The article presents data taken from a 20-year longitudinal panel study of individuals’ post-school pathways, drawing specifically on interviews conducted with participants who grew up in rural areas. By focusing on the significance of relational considerations, the authors contend that the mobility decision-making process results in the development of reflexivity about one’s mobility irrespective of its outcome.
Examining Population Differences in Within-Person Variability in Longitudinal Designs Using Latent Variable Modeling: An Application to the Study of Cognitive Functioning of Older Adults
Authors: Dowling N. Maritza , Raykov Tenko , Marcoulides George A.
Published: February 2018

Longitudinal studies have steadily grown in popularity across the educational and behavioral sciences, particularly with the increased availability of technological devices that allow the easy collection of repeated measures on multiple dimensions of substantive relevance. This article discusses a procedure that can be used to evaluate population differences in within-person (intraindividual) variability in such longitudinal investigations. The method is based on an application of the latent variable modeling methodology within a two-level modeling framework. The approach is used to obtain point and interval estimates of the differences in within-person variance and in the strength of correlative effects of repeated measures between normal and very mildly demented persons in a longitudinal study of a diagnostic cognitive test assessing verbal episodic memory.
Social Identity and Environmental Concern: The Importance of Contextual Effects
Authors: Brieger Steven A.
Published: February 2018

This study draws on social identity theory to explain differences in individual support for environmental protection, a conative component of environmental concern. It argues that an individual’s identification with higher social units—community, nation, and world—strengthens its in-group solidarity and empathy and, in consequence, its readiness to protect the environment benefiting the in-group’s welfare. The study hypothesizes that country-level manifestations of social identity (a) lift individuals’ support for environmental protection above the level that their own social identity suggests (elevator effect) and (b) reinforce the effect of individuals’ social identity on their support for environmental protection (amplifier effect). Using a sample of more than 30,000 individuals located in 38 countries around the world, the study finds strong evidence for the two contextual effects. The findings indicate that social identity plays an important role not just as an individual attribute but also as a central component of culture in fostering environmental concern.
Environmental Perceptions of Gifted Secondary School Students Engaged in an Evidence-Based Enrichment Practice
Authors: Brigandi Carla B. , Weiner Jennie M. , Siegle Del , Gubbins E. Jean , Little Catherine A.
Published: February 2018

Grounded in the Achievement Orientation Model, this qualitative case study examines participation in enrichment and environmental perceptions of gifted secondary school students. Participants included 10 gifted secondary school students, their parents, and their classroom teacher. Data included student, parent, and teacher responses in semistructured interviews, short answer surveys, and student work. Findings indicated a relationship between participation in enrichment and environmental perceptions. Student participants benefited from a teacher trained in gifted education who nurtured both affective and cognitive development, homogeneous grouping with like-minded peers, involved parents, and relationships with project mentors. These findings have implications for designing learning environments that effectively support the special needs of gifted secondary school learners.
Idols as Sunshine or Road Signs: Comparing Absorption-Addiction Idolatry With Identification-Emulation Idolatry
Authors: Cheung Chau-kiu , Yue Xiao Dong
Published: February 2018

This study seeks to contrast absorption-addiction idolatry and identification-emulation idolatry. Whereas absorption-addiction idolatry progresses from entertainment/socializing to personalizing and obsession about the idol, identification-emulation idolatry unfolds in terms of identification, attachment, romantization, idealization, and consumption about the idol or his or her derivatives. Based on a sample of 1310 secondary school and university students in Hong Kong, the study verified the original factor model composed of five first-order identification-emulation idolatry and three first-order absorption-addiction idolatry factors, with the latter more predictable by fans’ club membership.
Cognitive impairment in older patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Hewitt Jonathan , Marke Margaret , Honeyman Calum , Huf Simon , Lai Aida , Dong Anni , Wright Tom , Blake Sarah , Fallaize Rebecca , Hughes Jane L , Pearce Lyndsay , McCarthy Kathryn
Published: February 2018

Background

With increasing numbers of older people being referred for elective colorectal surgery, cognitive impairment is likely to be present and affect many aspects of the surgical pathway. This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of cognitive impairment and assess it against surgical outcomes.

Methods

The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was carried out in patients aged more than 65 years. We recorded demographic information. Data were collected on length of hospital stay, complications and 30-day mortality.

Results

There were 101 patients assessed, median age was 74 years (interquartile range = 68–80), 54 (53.5%) were women. In total, 58 people (57.4%) ‘failed’ the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test (score ≤ 25). There were two deaths (3.4%) within 30 days of surgery in the abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment group and none in the normal group. Twenty-nine (28.7%) people experienced a complication. The percentage of patients with complications was higher in the group with normal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (41.9%) than abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (19.9%) ( p = 0.01) and the severity of those complications were greater (chi-squared for trend p = 0.01). The length of stay was longer in people with an abnormal Montreal Cognitive Assessment (mean 8.1 days vs. 5.8 days, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

Cognitive impairment was common, which has implications for informed consent. Cognitive impairment was associated with less postoperative complications but a longer length of hospital stay.
Superiority without Supersessionism: Walter Kasper, The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable, and God’s Covenant with the Jews
Authors: Gregerman Adam
Published: February 2018

Nostra Aetate initiated a revolutionary shift in Catholic theology, opposing supersessionism and affirming that Jews remain in a salvific covenantal relationship with God. However, this shift raises for Catholics a deep tension regarding the value of this “Old Covenant” vis-à-vis the “New Covenant,” as this article illustrates using the statements of Walter Kasper and The Gifts and the Calling of God Are Irrevocable. While speaking positively about the Old Covenant, both deem it essential to maintain the superiority of the New Covenant as universalistic, fulfilling the promises in the Old Covenant and transcending its limitations. The author demonstrates how they seek to reduce this tension by characterizing the two covenants as good and better covenants, rather than as bad and good covenants, thereby avoiding a lapse into supersessionism.
Theological Renewal after the Council of Trent? The Case of Jesuit Commentaries on the Summa Theologiae
Authors: Knorn Bernhard
Published: February 2018

As part of the Catholic reform after the Council of Trent, the Jesuits Francisco de Toledo, Gregorio de Valencia, and Gabriel Vázquez further developed the theological innovations of the School of Salamanca. Their commentaries on the Summa Theologiae (ca. 1563–1604) are marked by a creative retrieval of Aquinas and other theological sources as well as by openness toward current questions. This new method of theological argumentation related past authorities and articulations of the faith more effectively to the present, in order to better preserve the ecclesial community through time.
Orthodox Observers at the Second Vatican Council and Intra-Orthodox Dynamics
Authors: Bordeianu Radu
Published: February 2018

Since Vatican II was convened as an ecumenical council, most Orthodox autocephalous churches initially refused to send observers without full voting rights. For non-theological reasons, Russia was the exception that sent observers to the first session. Other Orthodox churches followed suit at later sessions. Despite their inability to vote or speak at plenaries, Orthodox delegates contributed to the Council’s documents, ecumenical openness, attitude towards communism, and from a humanitarian perspective. By granting Orthodox observers a prominent role, Vatican II represents a model of ecumenical integration in the conciliar process.
The atheist problem of disease: Who’s to blame?
Authors: Collins Graham P.
Published: February 2018

A cancer diagnosis is often accompanied by many questions with ‘Why me?’ prominent among them. This question is asked by Job in the midst of his suffering, but ultimately he has an answer: God is in some way behind it. Although not a simple explanation, this does offer a degree of comfort and hope. The atheist or agnostic though cannot appeal to the certainty of a personal God. A superficial scientific explanation ‘blames’ genetic mutation on cancer, but while this gives some answers, it fails to offer a comfort or hope similar to that which Job experienced. Indeed, modern medics could be accused of lacking empathy and compassion when reliant on purely scientific explanations for the origin of an illness. The book of Job is a reminder that such superficial explanations of illness are rarely helpful when used alone and outside of a supportive and empathic relationship.
The possibility of a Christian politics
Authors: Martin David
Published: February 2018

Abstract and analysis

Forty-five years ago David Martin, then in his early forties, wrote an influential article for Theology, ‘Ethical Commentary and Political Decision’ (October 1973). In this he argued that the sociologist can be useful to political decision-makers: by providing an analysis of the political situation as it is, was or will be (but emphatically not ‘ought to be’), and by tracing the antecedents of a situation and the possible future consequences of that situation. He suggested: These services which ‘sociology’ may provide represent the combined resources of economics, political science, etc., and are only new in that nowadays such services are explicitly sought and are systematically performed. Presumably in the past every politician and ethical commentator was an amateur political scientist and economist … What is now understood in the multi-dimensional perspectives of sociology as systematised, verified propositional knowledge has always been practical knowledge. (p. 527)

Now, after a lifetime of distinguished research on different patterns of European secularization and, in contrast, on the global expansion of Pentecostalism, he returns to the theme of political decision-making. He offers a unique overview of the various options today that are possible, or no longer possible, for a specifically Christian politics. [ Editor]
Integrative Reflections on Disasters, Suffering, and the Practice of Spiritual and Emotional Care
Authors: Entwistle David N. , Moroney Stephen K. , Aten Jamie
Published: February 2018

Disasters are an ever-present part of the broken world that we inhabit. Research has shown that churches often play an important role in providing spiritual and emotional care in the wake of disasters. Over the last decade much has been written about disaster spiritual care. Though a few of these resources draw from Scripture, an integrative framework is lacking in this burgeoning body of literature. In this article, we provide some preliminary considerations of disasters and suffering based on a sampling of biblical narratives and we offer psychologically informed recommendations for providing disaster spiritual care. We can respond to suffering in any number of ways: indifference, blaming the survivor, feeling overwhelmed, and/or seeking ways to intervene helpfully. We contend that Christians have an obligation to offer tangible help when we are able to do so in times of catastrophe. We further argue that following Jesus compels us to be careful of the attitudes we have towards those who suffer. Our hope is that this article will help spark theological exploration of disaster spiritual and emotional care and will spur Christians to provide wise, compassionate care to those affected by disasters.
Relational Spirituality and Grief: A Qualitative Analysis of Bereaved Parents
Authors: Jueckstock Joel A.
Published: February 2018

Relational spirituality has been proposed as a theoretical model of spirituality. Until now, relational spirituality has not been considered in contemporary grief research. Through deductive qualitative content analysis, this research explores the primary research question, How does individuals’ relational spirituality impact their grief response? Relational spirituality, described in light of current research, and the paradigm of attachment to God are employed to explicate specific relational qualities. Grief is understood in light of Bonanno’s work, which is altering the norms of grief constructs by asserting there are three common responses to loss: chronic grief, recovery, and resilience. Deductive analysis demonstrates secure attachments to God and grief responses characterized by recovery and resilience are related. This analysis also draws attention to how individuals make meaning in light of their relational spirituality.
Did Paul Refuse an Offer of Support from the Corinthians?
Authors: Schellenberg Ryan S.
Published: February 2018

It is generally agreed that one key factor in the deterioration of Paul’s relationship with the Corinthian assembly was his refusal to accept an offer of material support. In fact, however, there is no solid textual basis for this putative datum. None of the three passages taken as evidence (1 Cor. 9.1-18; 2 Cor. 11.5-15; 12.11-18) makes explicit reference to such an offer. In each case, interpreters have inferred from Paul’s heated rhetorical questions that he is defending his decision to reject Corinthian support. But a closer look at both the syntax and the context of these questions, and at the logic of rhetorical questions more generally, shows this inference to be unlikely. When Paul boasts that he has not burdened the Corinthians, what he means is not that he has refused to accept their support, but that he has refrained from demanding it. Reconstructions of his relationship with the Corinthian assembly must be modified accordingly.
Faith and the Fourth Gospel: A Conversation with Teresa Morgan
Authors: Lieu Judith M.
Published: February 2018

In Roman Faith and Christian Faith Teresa Morgan brings a classicist’s sensitivities to a subject that lies at the heart of the New Testament but that is often taken as self-evident. This article engages in a conversation with its insights, with particular reference to the Johannine literature. It suggests that more nuancing might be needed, not least from a recognition of the demands of the genre of the gospel, but also finds much to provoke further reflection.
Faith in Dialogue
Authors: Morgan Teresa
Published: February 2018

This brief response takes up some of the most signiﬁcant points made in the previous articles and those which look likely to be most productive of future research, including the relationship between πίστις and ἀγαπή, the role of loyalty in trust, the importance of faith in the risen or ascended Christ, the connections between πίστις and Paul’s domestic, political and military language, and the roles of narrative and mythology in John’s gospel. It also discusses brieﬂy how πίστις is treated in early non-testamental texts, and how, in some respects, meanings and practices of πίστις evolve between the second century and the ﬁfth.
Fluid geochemistry of the Jurassic Ahe Formation and implications for reservoir formation in the Dibei area, Tarim Basin, northwest China
Authors: Zhao Shuangfeng , Chen Wen , Wang Zhenhong , Li Ting , Wei Hongxing , Ye Yu
Published: February 2018

The condensate gas reservoirs of the Jurassic Ahe Formation in the Dibei area of the Tarim Basin, northwest China are typical tight sandstone gas reservoirs and contain abundant resources. However, the hydrocarbon sources and reservoir accumulation mechanism remain debated. Here the distribution and geochemistry of fluids in the Ahe gas reservoirs are used to investigate the formation of the hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the history of hydrocarbon generation, trap development, and reservoir evolution. Carbon isotopic analyses show that the oil and natural gas of the Ahe Formation originated from different sources. The natural gas was derived from Jurassic coal measure source rocks, whereas the oil has mixed sources of Lower Triassic lacustrine source rocks and minor amounts of coal-derived oil from Jurassic coal measure source rocks. The geochemistry of light hydrocarbon components and n-alkanes shows that the early accumulated oil was later altered by infilling gas due to gas washing. Consequently, n-alkanes in the oil are scarce, whereas naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons with the same carbon numbers are relatively abundant. The fluids in the Ahe Formation gas reservoirs have an unusual distribution, where oil is distributed above gas and water is locally produced from the middle of some gas reservoirs. The geochemical characteristics of the fluids show that this anomalous distribution was closely related to the dynamic accumulation of oil and gas. The period of reservoir densiﬁcation occurred between the two stages of oil and gas accumulation, which led to the early accumulated oil and part of the residual formation water being trapped in the tight reservoir. After later gas filling into the reservoir, the fluids could not undergo gravity differentiation, which accounts for the anomalous distribution of fluids in the Ahe Formation.
Rethinking enrichments of trace element in low-rank coals: Preliminarily quantifying the effectiveness of local structure to stabilize humates
Authors: Xing Le-Cai , He Hong-Tao , Xu Bo-Hui , Zhang Jing-Sen , Yan Zhi-Feng , Jin Chao , Li Jing , Liu Lang-Tao
Published: February 2018

Trace element enrichment in coals has increasingly been focused in the community of coal geochemistry. To research the enrichment mechanism of trace element in coals on molecular/atomic scale is an important complement of field investigations, but relevant works are scattered. In the present work, the effect of local structure on the ability of main oxygen-containing groups to chelate trace element metal ions including –COO− and C6H5O− is preliminarily quantified. It is completed by evaluating the Mulliken charge excess ξ, i.e. the sum of Mulliken charge for metal ions and atoms involved in chelating functional groups. When electron-donating groups like benzene and its derivatives immediately connect to cation carboxylates, excess electron will be transferred to cation carboxylates, pulling down the ξ values and stabilizing metal–humate complexes. Otherwise, electron-withdrawing groups like C = C, C≡C, and C = O play a contrary role. Based on calculations, at the vicinity of ξ ≈ 0, the binding energy is highest. For monovalent cation ions, the most stable metal–humate complex is that chelated by small alkyl carboxylate, while the highest binding energy is not found for high-valent cation ions in the investigation. Meanwhile, both the combination of hydroxyl and carboxyl and hydroxyls have higher binding energies than the combination of hydroxyl and carbonyl or carboxyls at the same ξ range.
Performative Work: Bridging Performativity and Institutional Theory in the Responsible Investment Field
Authors: Beunza Daniel , Ferraro Fabrizio
Published: February 2018

Callon’s performativity thesis has illuminated how economic theories and calculative devices shape markets, but has been challenged for its neglect of the organizational, institutional and political context. Our seven-year qualitative study of a large financial data company found that the company’s initial attempt to change the responsible investment field through a performative approach failed because of the constraints posed by field practices and organizational norms on the design of the calculative device. However, the company was subsequently able to put in place another form of performativity by attending to the normative and regulative associations of the device. We theorize this route to performativity by proposing the concept of performative work, which designates the necessary institutional work to enable translation and the subsequent adoption of the device. We conclude by considering the implications of performative work for the performativity and the institutional work literatures.
Ecological Influences on Chinese Adolescents’ Problem Behaviors: A Multilevel Analysis
Authors: Wang Cixin , Do Kieu Anh , Bao Leiping , Xia Yan R. , Wu Chaorong , Couch Lauren
Published: February 2018

This study investigated the effects of individuals, school, and familial protective and risk factors and their interactions on adolescent problem behaviors using a stratified random sample of 2,864 (51.5% female) students from 55 classrooms in 13 schools in Shanghai, China ( Mage = 15.52 years, SD = 1.62). Results from the multilevel analyses indicate that being male, having high parent–adolescent conflict, high independent self-construal, low conformity, low grade rank, and low classroom-level and individual-level school adjustment predicted problem behaviors. Adolescent independent self-construal also interacted with parental autonomy granting to predict vandalism. For adolescents with low or moderate levels of independent self-construal, autonomy granting predicted lower odds of vandalism, but for adolescents with high levels of independent self-construal, parental autonomy granting predicted higher odds of vandalism. The findings highlight the complex effects of parenting and independent/interdependent self-construals on adolescent problem behaviors in China.
Sibling Relationship in Foster Care: Foster Parent Perspective
Authors: Wojciak Armeda Stevenson , Range Bryan P. , Gutierrez Dumayi M. , Hough Nathan A. , Gamboni Casey M.
Published: February 2018

The sibling relationships of youth in foster care has garnered increased attention over the past few years indicating the potential protective role these relationships can have. Despite this growth, very little is known about how foster parents perceive the sibling relationships of youth in foster care and ways to promote these relationships. Thematic analysis was used to analyze semistructured interviews of 15 foster parents. Three major areas emerged as a result of the analysis: (a) the experience of sibling relationships in foster care, (b) how sibling relationships should be treated in foster care, and (c) ways to promote sibling relationships. All of the foster parents in this study discussed the importance of sibling relationships for the youth in their care and offer ways to promote these relationships through collaboration and education. Implications for foster parent training and child welfare practice are discussed.
Characterizing Adversity of Lysosomal Accumulation in Nonclinical Toxicity Studies: Results from the 5th ESTP International Expert Workshop
Authors: Lenz B. , Braendli-Baiocco A. , Engelhardt J. , Fant P. , Fischer H. , Francke S. , Fukuda R. , Gröters S. , Harada T. , Harleman H. , Kaufmann W. , Kustermann S. , Nolte T. , Palazzi X. , Pohlmeyer-Esch G. , Popp A. , Romeike A. , Schulte A. , Lima B. Silva , Tomlinson L. , Willard J. , Wood C. E. , Yoshida M.
Published: February 2018

Lysosomes have a central role in cellular catabolism, trafficking, and processing of foreign particles. Accumulation of endogenous and exogenous materials in lysosomes represents a common finding in nonclinical toxicity studies. Histologically, these accumulations often lack distinctive features indicative of lysosomal or cellular dysfunction, making it difficult to consistently interpret and assign adverse dose levels. To help address this issue, the European Society of Toxicologic Pathology organized a workshop where representative types of lysosomal accumulation induced by pharmaceuticals and environmental chemicals were presented and discussed. The expert working group agreed that the diversity of lysosomal accumulations requires a case-by-case weight-of-evidence approach and outlined several factors to consider in the adversity assessment, including location and type of cell affected, lysosomal contents, severity of the accumulation, and related pathological effects as evidence of cellular or organ dysfunction. Lysosomal accumulations associated with cytotoxicity, inflammation, or fibrosis were generally considered to be adverse, while those found in isolation (without morphologic or functional consequences) were not. Workshop examples highlighted the importance of thoroughly characterizing the biological context of lysosomal effects, including mechanistic data and functional in vitro readouts if available. The information provided here should facilitate greater consistency and transparency in the interpretation of lysosomal effects.
Does Missed Care in Isolated Rural Hospitals Matter?
Authors: Smith Jessica G.
Published: February 2018

Missed care is associated with adverse outcomes such as patient falls and decreased nurse job satisfaction. Although studied in populations of interest such as neonates, children, and heart failure patients, there are no studies about missed care in rural hospitals. Reducing care omissions in rural hospitals might help improve rural patient outcomes and ensure that rural hospitals can remain open in an era of hospital reimbursement dependent on care outcomes, such as through value-based purchasing. Understanding the extent of missed nursing care and its implications for rural populations might provide crucial information to alert rural hospital administrators and nurses about the incidence and influence of missed care on health outcomes. Focusing on missed care within rural hospitals and other rural health care settings is important to address the specific health needs of aging rural U.S. residents who are isolated from high-volume, urban health care facilities.
Early self-managed focal sensorimotor rehabilitative training enhances functional mobility and sensorimotor function in patients following total knee replacement: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moutzouri Maria , Gleeson Nigel , Coutts Fiona , Tsepis Elias , Gliatis John
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To assess the effects of early self-managed focal sensorimotor training compared to functional exercise training after total knee replacement on functional mobility and sensorimotor function.

Design:

A single-blind controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

University Hospital of Rion, Greece.

Subjects:

A total of 52 participants following total knee replacement.

Outcome measures:

The primary outcome was the Timed Up and Go Test and the secondary outcomes were balance, joint position error, the Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale, and pain. Patients were assessed on three separate occasions (presurgery, 8 weeks post surgery, and 14 weeks post surgery).

Intervention:

Participants were randomized to either focal sensorimotor exercise training (experimental group) or functional exercise training (control group). Both groups received a 12-week home-based programme prescribed for 3–5 sessions/week (35–45 minutes).

Results:

Consistently greater improvements ( F2,98 = 4.3 to 24.8; P < 0.05) in group mean scores favour the experimental group compared to the control group: Timed Up and Go (7.8 ± 2.9 seconds vs. 4.6 ± 2.6 seconds); balance (2.1 ± 0.9° vs. 0.7 ± 1.2°); joint position error (13.8 ± 7.3° vs. 6.2 ± 9.1°); Knee Outcome Survey Activities of Daily Living Scale (44.2 ± 11.3 vs. 26.1 ± 11.4); and pain (5.9 ± 1.3 cm vs. 4.6 ± 1.1 cm). Patterns of improvement for the experimental group over time were represented by a relative effect size range of 1.3–6.5.

Conclusions:

Overall, the magnitude of improvements in functional mobility and sensorimotor function endorses using focal sensorimotor training as an effective mode of rehabilitation following knee replacement.
Goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation for children with motor disabilities: a scoping review
Authors: Pritchard-Wiart Lesley , Phelan Shanon K
Published: February 2018

Objectives:

The three objectives of this scoping review were to (1) identify key conceptual/theoretical frameworks and the extent to which they are used to inform goal setting related to rehabilitation goal setting with children with motor disabilities, (2) describe research that has evaluated goal setting processes and outcomes, and (3) summarize the purposes of goal setting described in paediatric rehabilitation literature.

Methods:

The scoping review process described by Arksey and O’Malley was used to guide article selection and data extraction.

Results:

A total of 62 articles were included in the final review. While the concept of family-centered care was well represented, theoretical frameworks specific to goal setting (i.e. goal setting theory described by Locke and Latham, mastery motivation, social cognitive, personal construct, and self-determination theories) were rarely addressed. No articles reviewed addressed prominent behavior change theory. With the exception of the description of tools specifically designed for use with children, the role of the child in the goal setting process was generally absent or not well described. Few studies ( n = 6) discussed the linkage between goals and intervention strategies explicitly. Only two studies in the review evaluated outcomes associated with goal setting. The primary purpose for goal setting identified in the literature was to develop goals that are meaningful to families ( n = 49).

Conclusion:

The results highlight significant gaps in the literature explicating a sound theoretical basis for goal setting in paediatric rehabilitation and research evaluating the effects of goal qualities and goal setting processes on the achievement of meaningful outcomes.
The development of music competencies in preschool children: Effects of a training program and the role of environmental factors
Authors: Cohrdes Caroline , Grolig Lorenz , Schroeder Sascha
Published: February 2018

The present study investigated the development and training of music competencies in children in transition from kindergarten to school. In an intervention study with three experimental groups (music training, language training, no training) we investigated music performances of N = 202 5-year-old children before and after a period of 6 months. Results indicate substantial improvement in several low- and high-level musical competencies independent of children’s participation in one of the training groups. In addition, the music training group improved significantly more in their tonal discrimination, rhythm repetition, and synchronization skills compared to the no-training group. Results show that children in the language training group also improved in their music skills, which indicates noticeable overlap between these two domains. By contrast, interindividual differences in potentially relevant environmental factors, such as home musical environment and their socioeconomic status, did not affect children’s musical skills. By disentangling music training effects from musical experience based on informal exposure, the present findings contribute to the understanding of the development of various music competencies and to the effects of musical trainings in preschool.
A Call for Methodological Plurality: Reconsidering Research Approaches in Adult Education
Authors: Daley Barbara J. , Martin Larry G. , Roessger Kevin M.
Published: February 2018

Within this AEQ forum, the authors call for a dialogue and examination of research methods in the field of adult and continuing education. Using the article by Boeren as a starting point, the authors analyze both qualitative and quantitative research trends and advocate for more methodological diversity and plurality in current research approaches.
Outcomes and Resource Use Among Overweight and Obese Children With Sepsis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Peterson Laura S. , Gállego Suárez Cecilia , Segaloff Hannah E. , Griffin Cameron , Martin Emily T. , Odetola Folafoluwa O. , Singer Kanakadurga
Published: February 2018

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity on outcomes and resource use among patients with sepsis in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Design:

Retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics, resource use, and mortality among children 0 to 20 years of age admitted to the C.S. MottChildren’s Hospital PICU (University of Michigan) between January 2009 and December 2015, with a diagnostic code for sepsis at admission (based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision- Clinical Modification codes) and with weight and height measurements at PICU admission.

Measurements and Main Results:

A total of 454 participants met the inclusion criteria. Seventy-six were categorized as underweight (body mass index [BMI] percentile <5th) and were excluded, which left a final sample size of 378 participants. Children with a BMI >5th and <85th percentiles for age were categorized as normal weight and those with a BMI >85th percentile as overweight/obese. After descriptive and bivariate analyses, multivariate regression methods were used to assess the independent effect of obesity status on mortality and the use of PICU technology after adjustment for patient age and illness severity at admission. Of the 378 patients studied, 41.3% were overweight/obese. There was no difference in microbiologic etiology of sepsis ( P = .36), median PICU length of stay in days (5.4 vs 5.6; P = .61), or PICU mortality (6.4% vs 7.2%; P = .76) by weight status. The use of specialized PICU technology including extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.13-6.79) and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR: 4.58, 95% CI: 1.16-18.0) was higher among overweight/obese patients, compared with normal weight patients.

Conclusions:

Although PICU mortality and length of stay were similar for obese–overweight patients and normal weight critically ill children with sepsis, there was significantly higher use of specialized organ-supportive technology among obese patients, likely indicating higher occurrence of multiple organ dysfunction.
Silk fibroin/chitosan thin film promotes osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Da-Wei , He Jin , He Feng-Li , Liu Ya-Li , Liu Yang-Yang , Ye Ya-Jing , Deng Xudong , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: February 2018

As a biodegradable polymer thin film, silk fibroin/chitosan composite film overcomes the defects of pure silk fibroin and chitosan films, respectively, and shows remarkable biocompatibility, appropriate hydrophilicity and mechanical properties. Silk fibroin/chitosan thin film can be used not only as metal implant coating for bone injury repair, but also as tissue engineering scaffold for skin, cornea, adipose, and other soft tissue injury repair. However, the biocompatibility of silk fibroin/chitosan thin film for mesenchymal stem cells, a kind of important seed cell of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, is rarely reported. In this study, silk fibroin/chitosan film was prepared by solvent casting method, and the rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on the silk fibroin/chitosan thin film. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced, respectively. The proliferation ability, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation abilities of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells were systematically compared between silk fibroin/chitosan thin film and polystyrene tissue culture plates. The results showed that silk fibroin/chitosan thin film not only provided a comparable environment for the growth and proliferation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells but also promoted their osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. This work provided information of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells behavior on silk fibroin/chitosan thin film and extended the application of silk fibroin/chitosan thin film. Based on the results, we suggested that the silk fibroin/chitosan thin film could be a promising material for tissue engineering of bone, cartilage, adipose, and skin.
An overview of manufacturing knowledge sharing in the product development process
Authors: Gao James , Nee Andrew YC
Published: February 2018

This article provides an overview of reported research relevant to the management of manufacturing-related knowledge and highlights the sharing of knowledge in the product development process. Previous research and concepts reported by international researchers and examples of the research projects carried out by the authors’ research teams will also be introduced. Publications reviewed are in the scope of information, communication and knowledge management technologies in product development and manufacturing. Some key concepts and issues in knowledge management are introduced first, as a foundation for the remainder of the review. The different approaches to knowledge management and knowledge sharing and the different types of knowledge and key issues in the product development process are discussed. Then manufacturing knowledge and its application in the product development are reviewed. The focus is given to the discussion of the approaches to sharing manufacturing knowledge relating to the product development process and indicating the future challenges and research directions.
Experimental study on axially non-uniform clearances in a linear turbine cascade with a cavity squealer tip
Authors: Chen Shaowen , Meng Qinghe , Li Weihang , Zhou Zhihua , Wang Songtao
Published: February 2018

The effects of axially non-uniform clearances on the tip leakage flow and aerodynamic performance in a linear turbine cascade with a cavity squealer tip were investigated in this study with the objective of improving the flow loss and tip flow field structure. A calibrated five-hole probe was used for the measurement of three-dimensional flows downstream of the cascade. The method of oil-flow visualization was used to show the endwall flow field structure. The distribution of endwall static pressure was measured particularly by using the special moveable endwall. The axially non-uniform clearance, as a novel strategy that has a non-negligible influence on tip clearance flow and clearance leakage loss, may become a potential technology for improving aerodynamic performance in turbine cascades. By using the expanding clearance, the flow loss at the outlet is reduced effectively and an apparent improvement of aerodynamic performance in the turbine cascade is gained. Under the tip clearances of 0.75% H and 2% H, the maximum reduction of overall total pressure loss coefficient at the outlet is separately about 2.3% and 3.5% compared with the uniform clearance. The shrinkage of the buffer zone is considered to be able to weaken the interaction of the tip leakage vortex and passage vortex and thus reduce the loss of passage vortex. For the shrinking clearance, a noticeable decline in the aerodynamic performance of turbine cascade with cavity squealer tip is exhibited at both on and off design conditions in contrast to the uniform clearance. In addition, the effects of axially non-uniform clearances on the aerodynamic performance at off-design conditions have been investigated.
Sagittal flexion arc evaluation for a modern generation single-radius femoral component design
Authors: Deehan David John , Ghosh K Milton , Blain Alasdair , Longstaff Lee , Rushton Steven
Published: February 2018

Single-radius femoral total knee design aims to deliver improved kinematic behaviour when compared to the standard two-radii geometry. This study has evaluated the behaviour, through a functional range of motion in the sagittal plane, of a single-radius femoral component compared to a dual-radius standard knee construct. Particular focus was placed on how the flexion axes of the native and replaced knee approximated to the transepicondylar axis through a loaded navigated knee design. Significant differences in flexion arcs were noted between the native and total knee arthroplasty state. These arcs were not uniform in all knees and did not display single-radius behaviour. There were no significant differences in the location of flexion axes in the native and total knee arthroplasty knee. Both exhibited similar posterior and inferior transverse axes of motion with respect to the anatomical epicondylar axis. This work has cast doubt on the reliability under loaded conditions of the single-radius concept, but the close proximity of the flexion axes of each replaced knee in relation to the functional flexion axis of the native knee may be the true basis of this purported improved kinematic performance.