bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead
Authors: FLORIN-CHRISTENSEN MONICA , SUAREZ CARLOS E. , RODRIGUEZ ANABEL E. , FLORES DANIELA A. , SCHNITTGER LEONHARD
Published: July 2014

Bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoansBabesia bovis, Babesia bigeminaandBabesia divergenscommonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. Although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. Therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. Here a comprehensive overview of currently used live vaccines and of the status quo of experimental vaccine trials is presented. In addition, pertinent research fields potentially contributing to the development of novel non-live and/or live vaccines are discussed, including parasite antigens involved in host cell invasion and in pathogen-tick interactions, as well as the protective immunity against infection. The mining of available parasite genomes is continuously enlarging the array of potential vaccine candidates and, additionally, the recent development of a transfection tool forBabesiacan significantly contribute to vaccine design. However, the complication and high cost of vaccination trials hinderBabesiavaccine research, and have so far seriously limited the systematic examination of antigen candidates and prevented an in-depth testing of formulations using different immunomodulators and antigen delivery systems.
APTITUDE AS GRAMMATICAL SENSITIVITY AND THE INITIAL STAGES OF LEARNING JAPANESE AS A L2
Authors: VanPatten Bill , Smith Megan
Published: July 2014

In this article, we challenge the notion that aptitude—operationalized as grammatical sensitivity as measured by the Words in Sentences section of the Modern Language Aptitude Test—is central to adult second language (L2) acquisition. We present the findings of a study on the acquisition of two properties of Japanese, head-final word order and case marking, by naïve learners of Japanese as a L2 who had no prior knowledge of this language or any other head-final, case-marking language. Participants underwent an input treatment in which they heard and saw basic subject-object-verb sentences in Japanese and were subsequently tested on these basic sentences and also on sentences to which they were not exposed during the treatment (i.e., polar questions and embedded clauses). Reading times on grammatical and ungrammatical sentences served as measures of underlying sensitivity to violations of grammatical word order for both the basic sentences and the novel sentences. Our results yielded three groups of learners: those who showed sensitivity to violations of basic word order, polar questions, and embedded clauses (parameter reset); those who showed sensitivity to violations of basic word order and polar questions only (partial parameter reset); and those who showed sensitivity to violations of basic word order only (no parameter reset). Because our measure of aptitude as grammatical sensitivity did not emerge as a factor distinguishing the three groups from one another, we argue that this component of aptitude is not a factor in whether learners are able to reset parameters. We also found that all participants, regardless of group, demonstrated sensitivity to case-marking violations, suggesting that aptitude as grammatical sensitivity plays no role in the acquisition of underlying features related to case or to the surface-level markings of case in Japanese.
Harmonic morphisms from homogeneous spaces of positive curvature
Authors: GUDMUNDSSON SIGMUNDUR , SVENSSON MARTIN
Published: July 2014

We prove local existence of complex-valued harmonic morphisms from any Riemannian homogeneous space of positive curvature, except the Berger space Sp(2)/SU(2).
Recommendations from the Association of European Paediatric Cardiology for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Morgan Gareth J. , Ovaert Caroline , Anjos Rui , Spadoni Isabella
Published: July 2014

Cardiac catheterisation in congenital heart disease is a developing field. Patients’ ages range from foetus to adulthood. This document is a revision and update of the previously published recommendations and summarises the requirements for training in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterisation.
Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas
Authors: Sabra John P. , Cabañas José G. , Bedolla John , Borgmann Shirley , Hawley James , Craven Kevin , Brown Carlos , Ziebell Chris , Olvey Steve
Published: July 2014

Introduction

Formula One returned to the United States on November 16-18, 2012, with the inaugural United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Medical preparedness for motorsports events represents a unique challenge due to the potential for a high number of spectators seeking medical attention, and the possibility for a mass-casualty situation. Adequate preparation requires close collaboration across public safety agencies and hospital networks to minimize impact on Emergency Medical Services (EMS) resources.

Hypothesis/Problem

To report the details of preparation for an inaugural mass-gathering motorsports event, and to describe the details of the medical care rendered during the 3-day event.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was completed utilizing postevent summaries, provided by the medical planning committee, by the Federation Internationale de L'Automobile (FIA), and Austin Travis County Emergency Medical Services (ATCEMS). Patient data were collected from standardized patient care records for descriptive analysis. Medical usage rates (MURs) are reported as a rate of patients per 10,000 (PPTT) participants.

Results

A total of 566 patients received medical care over the 3-day period with the on-site care rate of 95%. Overall, MUR was 21.3 PPTT attendees. Most patients had minor problems, and there were no driver injuries or deaths.

Conclusion

This mass-gathering motorsport event had a moderate number of patients requiring medical attention. The preparedness plan was implemented successfully with minimal impact on EMS resources and local medical facilities. This medical preparedness plan may serve as a model to other cities preparing for an inaugural motorsports event.

SabraJP, CabañasJG, BedollaJ, BorgmannS, HawleyJ, CravenK, BrownC, ZiebellC, OlveyS. Medical support at a large-scale motorsports mass-gathering event: the inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-7.
Impact of Hurricane Sandy on Hospital Emergency and Dialysis Services: A Retrospective Survey
Authors: Lin Chou-jui , Pierce Lauren C. , Roblin Patricia M. , Arquilla Bonnie
Published: July 2014

Objective

Hurricane Sandy forced closures of many free-standing dialysis centers in New York City in 2012. Hemodialysis (HD) patients therefore sought dialysis treatments from nearby hospitals. The surge capacity of hospital dialysis services was the rate-limiting step for streamlining the emergency department flow of HD patients. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the HD patients surge and to explore difficulties encountered by hospitals in Brooklyn, New York (USA) due to Hurricane Sandy.

Methods

A retrospective survey on hospital dialysis services was conducted by interviewing dialysis unit managers, focusing on the influx of HD patients from closed dialysis centers to hospitals, coping strategies these hospitals used, and difficulties encountered.

Results

In total, 347 HD patients presented to 15 Brooklyn hospitals for dialysis. The number of transient HD patients peaked two days after landfall and gradually decreased over a week. Hospital dialysis services reported issues with lack of dialysis documentation from transient dialysis patients (92.3%), staff shortage (50%), staff transportation (71.4%), and communication with other agencies (53.3%). Linear regression showed that factors significantly associated with enhanced surge capacity were the size of inpatient dialysis unit (P = .040), having affiliated outpatient dialysis centers (P = .032), using extra dialysis machines (P = .014), and having extra workforce (P = .007). Early emergency plan activation (P = .289) and shortening treatment time (P = .118) did not impact the surge capacity significantly in this study.

Conclusion

These findings provide potential improvement options for receiving hospitals dialysis units to prepare for future events.

LinC, PierceLC, RoblinPM, ArquillaB. Impact of Hurricane Sandy on hospital emergency and dialysis services: a retrospective survey. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(4):1-6.
A moiré deflectometer for antimatter
Authors: Aghion S. , Ahlén O. , Amsler C. , Ariga A. , Ariga T. , Belov A. S. , Berggren K. , Bonomi G. , Bräunig P. , Bremer J. , Brusa R. S. , Cabaret L. , Canali C. , Caravita R. , Castelli F. , Cerchiari G. , Cialdi S. , Comparat D. , Consolati G. , Derking H. , Di Domizio S. , Di Noto L. , Doser M. , Dudarev A. , Ereditato A. , Ferragut R. , Fontana A. , Genova P. , Giammarchi M. , Gligorova A. , Gninenko S. N. , Haider S. , Huse T. , Jordan E. , Jørgensen L. V. , Kaltenbacher T. , Kawada J. , Kellerbauer A. , Kimura M. , Knecht A. , Krasnický D. , Lagomarsino V. , Lehner S. , Magnani A. , Malbrunot C. , Mariazzi S. , Matveev V. A. , Moia F. , Nebbia G. , Nédélec P. , Oberthaler M. K. , Pacifico N. , Petràček V. , Pistillo C. , Prelz F. , Prevedelli M. , Regenfus C. , Riccardi C. , Røhne O. , Rotondi A. , Sandaker H. , Scampoli P. , Storey J. , Vasquez M.A. Subieta , Špaček M. , Testera G. , Vaccarone R. , Widmann E. , Zavatarelli S. , Zmeskal J.
Published: July 2014

The precise measurement of forces is one way to obtain deep insight into the fundamental interactions present in nature. In the context of neutral antimatter, the gravitational interaction is of high interest, potentially revealing new forces that violate the weak equivalence principle. Here we report on a successful extension of a tool from atom optics—the moiré deflectometer—for a measurement of the acceleration of slow antiprotons. The setup consists of two identical transmission gratings and a spatially resolving emulsion detector for antiproton annihilations. Absolute referencing of the observed antimatter pattern with a photon pattern experiencing no deflection allows the direct inference of forces present. The concept is also straightforwardly applicable to antihydrogen measurements as pursued by the AEgIS collaboration. The combination of these very different techniques from high energy and atomic physics opens a very promising route to the direct detection of the gravitational acceleration of neutral antimatter.
Threading plasmonic nanoparticle strings with light
Authors: Herrmann Lars O. , Valev Ventsislav K. , Tserkezis Christos , Barnard Jonathan S. , Kasera Setu , Scherman Oren A. , Aizpurua Javier , Baumberg Jeremy J.
Published: July 2014

Nanomaterials find increasing application in communications, renewable energies, electronics and sensing. Because of its unsurpassed speed and highly tuneable interaction with matter, using light to guide the self-assembly of nanomaterials can open up novel technological frontiers. However, large-scale light-induced assembly remains challenging. Here we demonstrate an efficient route to nano-assembly through plasmon-induced laser threading of gold nanoparticle strings, producing conducting threads 12±2 nm wide. This precision is achieved because the nanoparticles are first chemically assembled into chains with rigidly controlled separations of 0.9 nm primed for re-sculpting. Laser-induced threading occurs on a large scale in water, tracked via a new optical resonance in the near-infrared corresponding to a hybrid chain/rod-like charge transfer plasmon. The nano-thread width depends on the chain mode resonances, the nanoparticle size, the chain length and the peak laser power, enabling nanometre-scale tuning of the optical and conducting properties of such nanomaterials.
Identification and use of an alkane transporter plug-in for applications in biocatalysis and whole-cell biosensing of alkanes
Authors: Grant Chris , Deszcz Dawid , Wei Yu-Chia , Martínez-Torres Rubéns Julio , Morris Phattaraporn , Folliard Thomas , Sreenivasan Rakesh , Ward John , Dalby Paul , Woodley John M. , Baganz Frank
Published: July 2014

Effective application of whole-cell devices in synthetic biology and biocatalysis will always require consideration of the uptake of molecules of interest into the cell. Here we demonstrate that the AlkL protein from Pseudomonas putida GPo1 is an alkane import protein capable of industrially relevant rates of uptake of C7-C16 n-alkanes. Without alkL expression, native E.coli n-alkane uptake was the rate-limiting step in both the whole-cell bioconversion of C7-C16 n-alkanes and in the activation of a whole-cell alkane biosensor by C10 and C11 alkanes. By coexpression of alkL as a transporter plug-in, specific yields improved by up to 100-fold for bioxidation of >C12 alkanes to fatty alcohols and acids. The alkL protein was shown to be toxic to the host when overexpressed but when expressed from a vector capable of controlled induction, yields of alkane oxidation were improved a further 10-fold (8 g/L and 1.7 g/g of total oxidized products). Further testing of activity on n-octane with the controlled expression vector revealed the highest reported rates of 120 μmol/min/g and 1 g/L/h total oxidized products. This is the first time AlkL has been shown to directly facilitate enhanced uptake of C10-C16 alkanes and represents the highest reported gain in product yields resulting from its use.
Redox-based selective fluorometric detection of homocysteine
Authors: Peng Hanjing , Wang Ke , Dai Chaofeng , Williamson Samuel , Wang Binghe
Published: July 2014

Homocysteine, an important biomarker, could be selectively quantified with a redox-sensitive fluorescent probe.
Metal induced gelation from pyridine cored poly(aryl ether) dendrons with in situ synthesis and stabilization of hybrid hydrogel composites
Authors: Rajamalli P. , Malakar Partha , Atta Supriya , Prasad Edamana
Published: July 2014

Metal induced gel formation from pyridine cored poly(aryl ether) dendrons has been achieved. In addition, the gel is successfully utilized for in situ synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which form an unprecedented, well-organized arrangement on the nanofibers.
Ruthenium bipyridyl complexes as photocleavable dimerizers: deactivation of DNA-binding peptides using visible light
Authors: Mosquera Jesús , Sánchez Mateo I. , Vázquez M. Eugenio , Mascareñas José L.
Published: July 2014

Turning off DNA binding by visible light.
Thermally induced structural rearrangement of the Fe(ii) coordination geometry in metallo-supramolecular polyelectrolytes
Authors: Szczerba Wojciech , Schott Marco , Riesemeier Heinrich , Thünemann Andreas F. , Kurth Dirk G.
Published: July 2014

Annealing of Fe-MEPE causes a shortening of the axial Fe–N bonds and a widening of the bite-angle of the terpyridine unit.
Revealing the charge transport mechanism of a photoelectrochemical cell: analysis using A.C. voltage perturbation
Authors: Patel Dipal B. , Chauhan Khushbu R. , Mukhopadhyay Indrajit
Published: July 2014

The conduction mechanism of a PbOx/electrolyte photoelectrochemical cell is expounded by analyzing the response of the cell under the effect of an A.C. stimulus.
Two coordination polymers constructed from a multidentate carboxylic acid ligand with a tertiary amine serve as acid–base catalysts for the synthesis of chloropropene carbonate from CO2 under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Chen Chao , Zhang Jun , Li Guanghua , Shen Pan , Jin Haichao , Zhang Ning
Published: July 2014

Two new coordination polymers have high catalytic activities for the reaction of the cyclic carbonate from CO2 and epoxide.
Synthesis of a poly-pendant 1-D chain based on ‘trans-vanadium’ bicapped, Keggin-type vanadtungstate and its photocatalytic properties
Authors: Lan Qing , Zhang Zhi-Ming , Li Yang-Guang , Lu Ying , Wang En-Bo
Published: July 2014

A vanadtungstate cluster-based organic–inorganic hybrid material [NiL4VIVWVI10WV2O40(VIVO)2] was synthesized, which not only serves as an active photocatalyst for the degradation of dye molecules, but also exhibits selective photocatalytic degradation of cationic dyes in aqueous solution.
Novel open-framework europium silicates prepared under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions
Authors: Liu Wei , Ji Ying , Bao Xinjian , Wang Ying , Li Benxian , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang , Feng Shouhua
Published: July 2014

Two new europium silicates were synthesized under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Chiral multidentate oxazoline ligands based on cyclophosphazene cores: synthesis, characterization and complexation studies
Authors: Kumar Dheeraj , Singh Jatinder , Elias Anil J.
Published: July 2014

Chiral oxazoline derivatives of cyclophosphazenes were prepared and their complexation and catalytic studies for the asymmetric rearrangement of trichloroacetimidates to trichloroacetamides have been performed.
(Phenoxyimidazolyl-salicylaldimine)iron complexes: synthesis, properties and iron catalysed ethylene reactions
Authors: Yankey Margaret , Obuah Collins , Guzei Ilia A. , Osei-Twum Emmanuel , Hearne Giovanni , Darkwa James
Published: July 2014

(Salicyladimine)iron(iii) pre-catalysts, from iron(ii) precursors, form catalysts for ethylene oligomerisation, polymerisation and alkylation of aromatic solvents by the ethylene oligomers.
Ethyleneglycol tungsten complexes of calix[6 and 8]arenes: synthesis, characterization and ROP of ε-caprolactone
Authors: Li Yuanzhuo , Zhao Ke-Qing , Feng Chun , Elsegood Mark R. J. , Prior Timothy J. , Sun Xinsen , Redshaw Carl
Published: July 2014

Ethylene glycolate tungsten complexes bearing calix[n]arene ligands (n = 6, 8) have been structurally characterized and exhibit catalytic activity for the ROP of ε-caprolactone in the presence of benzyl alcohol.
In situ synthesis of uniform Fe2O3/BiOCl p/n heterojunctions and improved photodegradation properties for mixture dyes
Authors: Li Na , Hua Xia , Wang Kai , Jin Yujian , Xu Jingjing , Chen Mindong , Teng Fei
Published: July 2014

Uniform Fe2O3/BiOCl p/n heterojunctions are synthesized by anin situhydrolysis method, whose degradation rates are four times higher than that of the bare BiOCl.
Cationic iridium(iii) complexes bearing ancillary 2,5-dipyridyl(pyrazine) (2,5-dpp) and 2,2′:5′,2′′-terpyridine (2,5-tpy) ligands: synthesis, optoelectronic characterization and light-emitting electrochemical cells
Authors: Hasan Kamrul , Donato Loïc , Shen Yulong , D. Slinker Jason , Zysman-Colman Eli
Published: July 2014

Four green to deep red emitting cationic iridium(iii) complexes are reported as emitters for LEECs.
Ionic liquid solutions as extractive solvents for value-added compounds from biomass
Authors: Passos Helena , Freire Mara G. , Coutinho João A. P.
Published: July 2014

A literature review and critical analysis of the use of ionic liquids for the extraction of value-added compounds from biomass.
Copper-dependent and -independent hypoxia-inducible factor-1 regulation of gene expression
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Qiu Liying , Lin Chen , Yang Hong , Fu Haiying , Li Rui , Kang Y. James
Published: July 2014

HIF-1 mediated expression of BNIP3 by cobalt chloride is Cu-dependent, but the expression of IGF-2 is Cu-independent.
Orthogonal functionalisation of α-helix mimetics
Authors: Barnard Anna , Long Kérya , Yeo David J. , Miles Jennifer A. , Azzarito Valeria , Burslem George M. , Prabhakaran Panchami , A. Edwards Thomas , Wilson Andrew J.
Published: July 2014

We present methodology to modify N-alkylated aromatic oligoamide α-helix mimetics using ‘click’ chemistry.
Measuring meta-ignorance through the lens of confidence: examining students' redox misconceptions about oxidation numbers, charge, and electron transfer
Authors: Brandriet Alexandra R. , Bretz Stacey Lowery
Published: July 2014

This manuscript describes the relationship between students' redox understandings and confidence as measured by the Redox Concept Inventory (ROXCI) which assesses symbolic and particulate redox concepts. The ROXCI was administered to two samples of 1st- and 2nd-semester general chemistry students after the students were taught and tested on redox concepts in their classrooms. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups of students with similar response patterns, based upon both total scores and average confidence on the ROXCI. Three clusters of students were identified in both samples: students with (1) moderate total scores and high confidence, (2) low total scores and low confidence, and (3) low total scores but high confidence. Clusters were further analyzed at an individual item level using average confidence, individual item difficulties, and the Confidence Discrimination Quotient (CDQ). Findings align with the Dunning–Kruger effect,i.e.in which students demonstrated a false sense of confidence regarding their own poor performance, and therefore, exemplify meta-ignorance. Descriptions of the clusters, example misconceptions held by the students regarding oxidation numbers and electron transfer, and the implications of this research are discussed.
Submillisecond-lived photoinduced charge separation in a fully conjugated phthalocyanine–perylenebenzimidazole dyad
Authors: Blas-Ferrando Vicente M. , Ortiz Javier , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Fernández-Lázaro Fernando , Sastre-Santos Ángela
Published: July 2014

A fully electronically conjugated phthalocyanine–perylenemonoimidebenzimidazole system has been synthesized, in which the conjugation goes through the imide position of the perylene.
Well plate circular dichroism reader for the rapid determination of enantiomeric excess
Authors: Metola P. , Nichols S. M. , Kahr B. , Anslyn E. V.
Published: July 2014

A novel circular dichroism spectropolarimeter is evaluated for high throughput determination of ee% of a series of chiral primary amines.
Dynamics of non-Brownian fiber suspensions under periodic shear
Authors: Franceschini Alexandre , Filippidi Emmanouela , Guazzelli Elisabeth , Pine David J.
Published: July 2014

We report experiments studying the dynamics of dense non-Brownian fiber suspensions subjected to periodic oscillatory shear.
Spontaneous motility of passive emulsion droplets in polar active gels
Authors: De Magistris G. , Tiribocchi A. , Whitfield C. A. , Hawkins R. J. , Cates M. E. , Marenduzzo D.
Published: July 2014

We study a Newtonian droplet in a polar active gel: we find that activity makes the droplet move.
The Romeyka infinitive
Authors: Sitaridou Ioanna
Published: July 2014

One Pontic Greek variety, Romeyka of Of, Turkey, today preserves a robust infinitive usage. Comparing the current infinitival distribution in Romeyka with previous stages of Greek, I argue that: (a) the Romeyka infinitive has roots in Ancient Greek due to preservation of the constructionprin“before” with infinitive, which remains extremely productive, but which did not survive in other varieties into early medieval times and is only found as a learned construction in ‘high’ registers of the Medieval Greek record; (b) neither the survival of the plain and personal infinitive, nor the emergence of the inflected one can be due to contact with Turkish; (c) the Romeyka infinitive, part of a conservative medieval variety with Hellenistic features, once cut off from other medieval varieties (as early as the 11th c. ce and as late as the 16th c. ce), was reanalyzed as a negative polarity item. Such reanalysis feeds into the discussion that NPIs belong to various syntactic categories, such as nominal NPIs, NPI adverbs, NPI verbs, NPI focus particles, minimizers and now an infinitive, too.
Language-education policies and international institutions
Authors: Borjian Maryam
Published: July 2014

One of the grand claims of neoliberalism is that the free-market world is an ‘actor-free’ process, in which no one is in charge. The aim of this article is to problematize this claim by examining the agency of two international institutions, the World Bank and UNESCO, and the ways in which they shape global language-education policies. In light of the latest reports released by the two institutions, the findings of this study suggest that both institutions are key players in the realm of global policies. Their differences, however, recline in their orientations, motives, and power. Whereas the World Bank is a finance institution with ‘economic prosperity’ as its motto, and neoliberalism as the basis of its policies, UNESCO is an intellectual institution with peace as its mantra, and universal consensus and social inclusion as the basis of its policies. The impact of such differences is notable on the type of policies each institution advocates. Whereas the World Bank’s policies call for an alliance between language, education and economy as a means to eradicate poverty and achieve development, UNESCO’s policies call for multiculturalism, multilingualism, and pluralism in education as a means to promote intercultural and international dialogues as a strategy to safeguard peace. The former model is currently in vogue in education sectors worldwide. Its global domination, however, cannot be explained without taking into account the financial supremacy of the World Bank, the economic dependency of many world’s nations on the World Bank’s long-term developmental loans, and the many conditions set by the Bank for its loan distributions, which includes, among others, the implementation of its neoliberal-driven educational and linguistic policies.
Fibroblast heterogeneity in the cancer wound
Authors: Öhlund Daniel , Elyada Ela , Tuveson David
Published: July 2014

Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during chronic inflammatory states including cancer. Such cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) modulate the tumor microenvironment and influence the behavior of neoplastic cells in either a tumor-promoting or tumor-inhibiting manner. These pleiotropic functions highlight the inherent plasticity of fibroblasts and may provide new avenues to understand and therapeutically intervene in malignancies. We discuss the emerging themes of CAF biology in the context of tumorigenesis and therapy.
The Effect of Multiple Concurrent Central Venous Catheters on Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Concannon Cathleen , van Wijngaarden Edwin , Stevens Vanessa , Dumyati Ghinwa
Published: July 2014

Objective

The current central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) surveillance rate calculation does not account for multiple concurrent central venous catheters (CVCs). The presence of multiple CVCs creates more points of entry into the bloodstream, potentially increasing CLABSI risk. Multiple CVCs may be used in sicker patients, making it difficult to separate the relative contributions of multiple CVCs and comorbidities to CLABSI risk. We explored the relative impact of multiple CVCs, patient comorbidities, and disease severity on the risk of CLABSI.

Design

Case-control study.

Setting

A total of 197 case patients and 201 control subjects with a CVC inserted during hospitalization at a tertiary care academic medical center from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2010.

Methods

Multiple CVCs was the exposure of interest; the primary outcome was CLABSI. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) describing the association between CLABSI and multiple CVCs with and without controlling for Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores as measures of disease severity and patient comorbidities, respectively.

Results

Patients with multiple CVCs (n = 78) showed a 4.2 (95% CI, 2.2–8.4) times greater risk of CLABSI compared with patients with 1 CVC after adjusting for CLABSI risk factors. When including APACHE II and CCI scores, multiple CVCs remained an independent risk factor for CLABSI (OR, 3.4 [95% CI, 1.7–6.9]).

Conclusions

Multiple CVCs is an independent risk factor for CLABSI even after adjusting for severity of illness. Adjustment for this risk may be necessary to accurately compare rates between hospitals.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1140-1146
EDITORIAL: Bridging the knowing–doing gap: know‐who, know‐what, know‐why, know‐how and know‐when
Authors: Hulme Philip E.
Published: July 2014

A widely recognized challenge in applied ecology is the gap between the knowledge generated by scientists and uptake by practitioners. Bridging this gap requires reciprocal and iterative flows of information from both scientists and practitioners prior to research initiation and beyond its completion. Yet current approaches to knowledge exchange ignore the complexity of translating different types of knowledge and the constraints that might limit effective knowledge exchange.

Knowing who might use a particular piece of research is the first step when developing projects that might be of value to practitioners, but different types of research often can have quite different audiences. Identifying the precise target for research outputs, whether practitioners, stakeholders or end‐users, is essential for successful knowledge exchange, and outputs must be tailored to the knowledge needs of the intended recipients.

The scope of many leading applied ecology journals targets use‐inspired basic research that aims to develop a theoretical or fundamental basis to support interventions, technologies and policies that lead to improved applied outcomes. This more conceptual approach, while essential to the development of future management applications, is probably not what most practitioners require.

In contrast to the explicit knowledge generated by scientists, many practitioners apply their own tacit knowledge when making decisions regarding their conservation goals and interventions. Such knowledge is intuitive, largely experience based and hard to define. As a result is often context dependent and personal in nature. The failure of scientists to translate and consider tacit knowledge may be behind the lack of implementation of their research.

Additional challenges to implementation include the continuing interest and relevance of use‐inspired basic research, lack of consensus among researchers regarding management options and the need for scientists to remain independent brokers of intervention options rather than conservation advocates.

Synthesis and applications. Publishing research in peer‐reviewed journals will only ever be a small part of closing the knowing–doing gap. Increasingly, conservation organizations, such asNGOs and charities that employ their own scientists, steward their own protected areas, and build long‐term partnerships with stakeholders will be central to implementing applied ecological science.
Maternal Filicide in Turkey
Authors: Eke Salih Murat , Basoglu Saba , Bakar Bulent , Oral Gokhan
Published: July 2014

Filicide occurs in every socioeconomic stratum around the world. This study was conducted to evaluate motives, psychopathological aspects, and socio‐demographic factors of 74 filicide cases of women in Turkey. Mean age of mothers, most of whom committed infanticide, was 26 years, and breakdown of criminal offenses are as follows: “to get rid of unwanted babies” (24.3%), “acute psychotic‐type filicide” (21.6%), “fatal child abuse and neglect” (17.6%), “to get revenge” (12.2%), “protect the lonely child from the harm and badness after suicide” (10.8%), and “pity” (9.5%) motives. Results showed that maternal filicide cannot be reduced to only mental instability or environmental factors and indicates deficiencies in the capacity of the mothers' role in connecting with their child and with parenting skills. Finally, with regard to defendants' motives, similar factors that contribute to committing maternal filicide should be considered while making an assessment of the data and determining employee risk groups.
Evaluation of assessment in the context of work‐based learning: Qualitative perspectives of new graduates
Authors: Palermo Claire , Chung Alexandra , Beck Eleanor J. , Ash Susan , Capra Sandra , Truby Helen , Jolly Brian
Published: July 2014

Aim

Evaluation or assessment of competence is an important step to ensure the safety and efficacy of health professionals, including dietitians. Most competency‐based assessment studies are focused on valid and reliable methods of assessment for the preparation of entry‐level dietitians, few papers have explored student dietitians' perceptions of these evaluations. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions of recent graduates from accredited nutrition and dietetics training programs in Australia. It also aimed to establish the relevance of competency‐based assessment to adequately prepare them for entry‐level work roles.

Methods

A purposive sample of newly graduated dietitians with a range of assessment experiences and varied employment areas was recruited. A qualitative approach, using in‐depth interviews with 13 graduates, was undertaken. Graduates were asked to reflect upon their competency‐based assessment experiences as a student. Data were thematically analysed by multiple authors.

Results

Four themes emerged from the data analysis: (i) transparency and consistency are critical elements of work‐based competency assessment; (ii) students are willing to take greater responsibility in the assessment process; (iii) work‐based competency assessment prepares students for employment; and (iv) the relationship between students and their assessors impacts student experience and assessment performance.

Conclusions

Understanding this unique perspective of students can improve evaluation of future health professionals and assist in validating competency‐based assessment approaches.
Aging and Alcohol Interact to Alter Hepatic DNA Hydroxymethylation
Authors: Tammen Stephanie A. , Dolnikowski Gregory G. , Ausman Lynne M. , Liu Zhenhua , Sauer Julia , Friso Simonetta , Choi Sang‐Woon
Published: July 2014

Background

Aging and chronic alcohol consumption are both modifiers of DNA methylation, but it is not yet known whether chronic alcohol consumption also alters DNA hydroxymethylation, a newly discovered epigenetic mark produced by oxidation of methylcytosine. Furthermore, it has not been tested whether aging and alcohol interact to modify this epigenetic phenomenon, thereby having an independent effect on gene expression.

Methods

Old (18 months) and young (4 months) male C57BL/6 mice were pair‐fed either a Lieber‐DeCarli liquid diet with alcohol (18% of energy) or an isocaloric Lieber‐DeCarli control diet for 5 weeks. Global DNA hydroxymethylation and DNA methylation were analyzed from hepatic DNA using a new liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry method. Hepatic mRNA expression of the Tet enzymes were measured via quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

In young mice, mild chronic alcohol exposure significantly reduced global DNA hydroxymethylation compared with control mice (0.22 ± 0.01 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06%, p = 0.004). Alcohol did not significantly alter hydroxymethylcytosine levels in old mice. Old mice fed the control diet showed decreased global DNA hydroxymethylation compared with young mice fed the control diet (0.24 ± 0.02 vs. 0.29 ± 0.06%, p = 0.04). This model suggests an interaction between aging and alcohol in determining DNA hydroxymethylation (pinteraction = 0.009). Expression of Tet2 and Tet3 was decreased in the old mice relative to the young (p < 0.005).

Conclusions

The observation that alcohol alters DNA hydroxymethylation indicates a new epigenetic effect of alcohol. This is the first study demonstrating the interactive effects of chronic alcohol consumption and aging on DNA hydroxymethylation.
Intensification treatment based on early FDG‐PET in patients with high‐risk diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: a phase II GELTAMO trial
Authors: Pardal Emilia , Coronado Mónica , Martín Alejandro , Grande Carlos , Marín‐Niebla Ana , Panizo Carlos , Bello José Luis , Conde Eulogio , Hernández Miguel T. , Arranz Reyes , Bargay Joan , González‐Barca Eva , Pérez‐Ceballos Elena , Montes‐Moreno Santiago , Caballero María Dolores
Published: July 2014

We conducted a multicentre, phase II study of interim positron emission tomography (PET) as a guide to risk‐adapted therapy in high‐risk patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Patients achieving negative fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐PET after three courses of R‐MegaCHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) received three additional courses, whereas PET‐positive patients received two courses of R‐IFE (rituximab, ifosfamide, etoposide) followed by BEAM (BCNU, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) and autologous stem‐cell transplantation. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). 71 patients (median age 55 years, range 25–69) were enrolled. With a median follow‐up of 42·8 months (range 7·2–58·4), the estimated 4‐year PFS and overall survival (OS) were 67% and 78%, respectively, for the global series. Patients in complete remission after interim PET (N = 36) had significantly better 3‐year PFS than those with partial response (N = 30) [81% vs. 57%, Hazard ratio (HR) = 2·6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1·02–6·65] but not a statistically significant longer OS. A retrospective PET central review was done for 51 patients. According to semiquantitative analysis, 3‐year PFS (81% vs. 33%; HR = 6·9, 95% CI = 2·35–20·6) and OS (95% vs. 33%, HR = 19·4, 95% CI = 3·89–97·0) were significantly better for negative than for positive interim PET patients. Early PET assessment is valuable for risk stratification in DLBCL; for this purpose semiquantitative evaluation is a better predictor than visual criteria.
Hitting Home: Irish Identity and Psychotherapy in The UK
Authors: Thornton Christine , Corbett Alan
Published: July 2014

We examine the work of icap, a clinic for Irish people in Britain, to describe an (Irish) idea of ‘home’ within a psychoanalytic/group‐analytic discourse, and some aspects of its clinical significance in providing culturally‐sensitive psychotherapy. Our work weaves through four axes of trauma: the dislocation embedded in all migration, irrespective of the social or economic circumstances of the migrant; the long domination of Ireland by England, and some of the resulting complexities in Irish migration to Britain; childhood abuse, within the ‘home’ and within the Church‐run institutions sanctioned by the Irish state; and childhood neglect and deprivation. In clinical practice these levels interpenetrate and interact with each other. Early trauma followed by migration impacts on the patient's internalized ‘home’; culturally‐specific loss and yearning are then central to the creation and maintenance of identity, and linked to narratives of ‘home’. In trauma ‘home’ can become frozen in an idealized and/or terrorized state, whereas the creation of a healthy internalized ‘home’ depends on a creative fluidity, a need intensified when actual departure from the home country requires identity adjustment. We touch on the significance of the physical body and external ‘home’. Composite case studies illustrate these clinical themes.
The Milner Experiment: Psychoanalysis and the Diary
Authors: Haughton Hugh
Published: July 2014

The paper reviews what I have called Marion Milner's ‘experimental autobiographical quartet’ of books ‘written under the sign of self‐analysis’, A Life of One's Own (1934), An Experiment in Leisure (1937), Eternity's Sunrise: A Way of Keeping a Diary (1987) and Bothered by Alligators (2012). It explores the relationship between self‐analysis and psychoanalysis in Milner's complex, unclassifiable texts built around diary‐keeping, diary reading and diary interpretation. It situates them in the context of the modernist notion of what Virginia Woolf called ‘moments of being’, reading Milner's various meta‐diaries as ‘experiments’ in relation to the work of other modernist women diarists like Woolf, Nin and Mansfield, as well as the writings of British psychoanalysis. It argues that Milner's project is based on a unique commitment to multiple versions of ‘experiment’, literary and psychological, as well as a conflict between the urge to integration and disintegration played out in psychic and aesthetic terms.
Should we routinely stent after ureteropyeloscopy?
Authors: Foreman Darren , Plagakis Sophie , Fuller Andrew T.
Published: July 2014

Arguments ‘for’ and ‘against’ ureteric stenting after ureteropyeloscopy are discussed. An individualised approach balancing renal function preservation, irritative lower urinary tract symptoms and emergent return to theatre needs to be adopted while being mindful of healthcare spending.
Anxiety in the management of localised prostate cancer by active surveillance
Authors: Anderson Jake , Burney Susan , Brooker Joanne E. , Ricciardelli Lina A. , Fletcher Jane M. , Satasivam Prassannah , Frydenberg Mark
Published: July 2014

Objectives

To describe a range of anxieties in men on active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer and determine which of these anxieties predicted health‐related quality of life (HRQL).

Patients and Methods

In all, 260 men with prostate cancer on AS were invited to complete psychological measures including the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale; the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory‐Trait Scale; the Memorial Anxiety Scale for Prostate Cancer; and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Scale‐Prostate. Overall, 86 men with a mean (sd, range) age of 65.7 (5.4, 51–75) years returned data, yielding a response rate of 33%. Outcome measures were standardised psychological measures. Pearson's correlations were used to examine bivariate relationships, while regression analyses were used to describe predictors of dependent variables.

Results

When compared with the findings of prior research, the men in our cohort had normal levels of general anxiety and illness‐specific anxiety and high prostate cancer‐related HRQL. Age, trait anxiety and fear of recurrence (FoR) were significant predictors of prostate cancer‐related HRQL; trait anxiety and FoR were significant predictors of total HRQL. Results should be interpreted in context of sample characteristics and the correlational design of the study.

Conclusions

Participants reported low levels of anxiety and high HRQL. Trait anxiety and FoR were significant predictors of both prostate cancer‐related and total HRQL. The administration of a short trait‐anxiety screening tool may help identify men with clinically significant levels of anxiety and those at risk of reduced HRQL.
Roscovitine is a proteostasis regulator that corrects the trafficking defect of F508del‐CFTR by a CDK‐independent mechanism
Authors: Norez C , Vandebrouck C , Bertrand J , Noel S , Durieu E , Oumata N , Galons H , Antigny F , Chatelier A , Bois P , Meijer L , Becq F
Published: July 2014

Background and Purpose

The most common mutation in cystic fibrosis (CF), F508del, causes defects in trafficking, channel gating and endocytosis of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. Because CF is an orphan disease, therapeutic strategies aimed at improving mutant CFTR functions are needed to target the root cause of CF.

Experimental Approach

Human CF airway epithelial cells were treated with roscovitine 100 μM for 2 h before CFTR maturation, expression and activity were examined. The mechanism of action of roscovitine was explored by recording the effect of depleting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ on the F508del‐CFTR/calnexin interaction and by measuring proteasome activity.

Key Results

Of the cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors investigated, roscovitine was found to restore the cell surface expression and defective channel function of F508del‐CFTR in human CF airway epithelial cells. Neither olomoucine nor (S)‐CR8, two very efficient CDK inhibitors, corrected F508del‐CFTR trafficking demonstrating that the correcting effect of roscovitine was independent of CDK inhibition. Competition studies with inhibitors of the ER quality control (ERQC) indicated that roscovitine acts on the calnexin pathway and on the degradation machinery. Roscovitine was shown (i) to partially inhibit the interaction between F508del‐CFTR and calnexin by depleting ER Ca2+ and (ii) to directly inhibit the proteasome activity in a Ca2+‐independent manner.

Conclusions and Implications

Roscovitine is able to correct the defective function of F508del‐CFTR by preventing the ability of the ERQC to interact with and degrade F508del‐CFTR via two synergistic but CDK‐independent mechanisms. Roscovitine has potential as a pharmacological therapy for CF.
Designing and Implementing INTREPID, an Intensive Program in Translational Research Methodologies for New Investigators
Authors: Plottel Claudia S. , Aphinyanaphongs Yindalon , Shao Yongzhao , Micoli Keith J. , Fang Yixin , Goldberg Judith D. , Galeano Claudia R. , Stangel Jessica H. , Chavis‐Keeling Deborah , Hochman Judith S. , Cronstein Bruce N. , Pillinger Michael H.
Published: July 2014

Senior housestaff and junior faculty are often expected to perform clinical research, yet may not always have the requisite knowledge and skills to do so successfully. Formal degree programs provide such knowledge, but require a significant commitment of time and money. Short‐term training programs (days to weeks) provide alternative ways to accrue essential information and acquire fundamental methodological skills. Unfortunately, published information about short‐term programs is sparse. To encourage discussion and exchange of ideas regarding such programs, we here share our experience developing and implementing INtensive Training in Research Statistics, Ethics, and Protocol Informatics and Design (INTREPID), a 24‐day immersion training program in clinical research methodologies. Designing, planning, and offering INTREPID was feasible, and required significant faculty commitment, support personnel and infrastructure, as well as committed trainees.
Lameness caused by plate‐like osteoma cutis in a Thoroughbred colt
Authors: Lee S. K. , Kim B‐H. , Seo E. , Kwon C. J. , Lee J‐B. , Han J‐I.
Published: July 2014

This report describes a case of osteoma cutis diagnosed by physical examination, surgery and histopathological examination. A 2‐year‐old Thoroughbred colt with hindlimb lameness was brought to our facility. Physical examination showed a well‐circumscribed, large plate‐like mass covered with normal haired skin in the right thigh region. Ultrasonography revealed a subcutaneous linear mass. After surgical removal, histopathological examination showed thin mature bone surrounded by fibrocollagenous tissues. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of spontaneous idiopathic osteoma cutis in horses.