bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Referral to the Ophthalmologist
Authors: Roper Kenneth L.
Published: November 2007

The pediatrician should be ac quainted with those diseases of the eye which he may safely treat himself; but it is even more important that he be familiar with the clinical signs and in dications associated with many eye dis orders which call for prompt referral for more expert advice. There is no spe cialty that requires a practical knowl edge of ophthalmology more than does pediatrics.
Avoiding Pediatricians Abroad
Authors: Tucker Harold A.
Published: November 2007

The chances for children to avoid pediatricians abroad will be optimal if they are securely immunized and if they and their parents follow carefully the simple measures here outlined concerning food, water, milk, rest, exercise, and avoidance of potential sources of infection.
Amblyopia Ex Anopsia
Authors: Brav Solomon S.
Published: November 2007

The practice of medicine is composed basically of two aspects—diagnosis and treatment.

Treatment may be therapeutic or prophylactic, i.e., preventive.

The ounce of prevention, according to Benjamin Franklin, is better than the pound of cure.

Blindness is either preventable or unavoidable.
Use of Ancillary Personnel in Children's Out-Patient Departments
Authors: Connelly John P.
Published: November 2007

The increasing demand and the increasing ability to pay for medical care in the United States is straining available medical facilities in every field.1, 2 Concomitantly, a medical man power shortage has already developed and is clearly going to become worse—all this at a time when the ideal of promoting good health has expanded to the point where new ways are needed for providing more services to a greater number of children.
Genu Recurvatum Congenitum in the Newborn
Authors: Charif Pija , Reichelderfer Thomas E.
Published: November 2007

A disturbance seen in Negro infants which is easy to correct permanently by simple corrective measures.
Resuscitation of Asphyxia in the Newborn: Physiologic Aspects
Authors: Peltonen Tuomas , Hirvonen Leo
Published: November 2007

In an effort to arrive at a set of definite indications for the use of positive pres sure and intubation resuscitation technics, we studied the physiology of the cardio respiratory mechanisms active in the new born infant's transition to extra-uterine life.
Failure to Thrive in Early Infancy Due to Abnormalities of Rotation of the Mid-Gut
Authors: Leslie J.W.M. , Matheson W.J.
Published: November 2007

Four infants are described aged 12 days to five months in whom failure to thrive and persistent diarrhea were caused by subacute intestinal obstruction associated with anomalies of mid-gut rotation.
Clinical Uses of the Small
Authors: Fonkalsrud Eric W.
Published: November 2007

A description of the many clinical ap plications of this "safe and useful tool."
Nephrolithiasis In Childhood
Authors: Bass Harold N. , Emanuel Benjamin
Published: November 2007

Nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis in childhood, though relatively uncommon, are more prevalent than reported cases would indicate. Their presence not only may lead to serious disturbances in renal function, but may also direct attention to underlying metabolic or anatomic ab normalities such as hyperparathyroidism, renal tubular acidosis or urethral valves.
Sex and the Adolescent
Authors: Calderone Mary S.
Published: November 2007

The Sex Information and Education Council of the United States (SIECUS) is a new and much-needed voluntary organi zation which every pediatrician should know about and support.

SIECUS proposes that our society needs to develop new atti tudes about human sexuality and its role in the life of man. To achieve this will give help to the adolescent, but also will re quire the help of the adolescent.
Henoch-Schöenlein Purpura
Authors: Gilbert Enid F. , Da Silva Atys Q.
Published: November 2007

A fulminating fatal case of Henoch- Schöenlein purpura is reported along with a review of the basic disease. Death was due to hemorrhage and necrosis in volving the entire gastro-intestinal tract. To the authors' knowledge, death due to total intestinal infarction in this disease has not been previously described. Addi tional autopsy findings included a necro tizing vasculitis involving skin, lungs and gastro-intestinal tract as well as focal necrosis of the liver and adrenal glands and a membranous glomerulonephritis.
Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy A New Hypothesis of Cause
Authors: Stowens Daniel , Callahan Edward L. , Clay Jennifer
Published: November 2007

Blood and urine studies were performed on 30 consecutive infants who came to autopsy in 1963 after sudden unexpected death. In every case, a constellation of anatomic alterations was found which is identical with that seen in experimentally induced anaphylaxis in animals. Urine analyses revealed intense proteinuria at the time of death and the presence of an abnormal urinary compound termed a "nephrosis peptide."

These authors hypothesize a physio logic defect leading to the absorption of undigested protein. This study suggests that this protein, being antigenic, is re sponsible for a lethal anaphylactic reac tion, thereby explaining the sudden death of some infants.
The Fiftieth Birthday of PIKPA
Authors: Doxiadis Spyros
Published: November 2007

A description of a unique child welfare organization which is part national, part volunteer.
Lead Poisoning in Childhood
Authors: Greengard Joseph
Published: November 2007

When detected early, before the onset of encephalopathy, lead intoxication sub sides rapidly under therapy. Here for the pediatrician is an outline of the problems inherent in early detection, along with summaries of the therapeutic measures be ing used at one center for the early case as well as the case with the dread com plication of lead encephalopathy.
Lead Poisoning in Childhood
Authors: Jacobziner Harold
Published: November 2007

Lead intoxication in childhood is largely a disease of the big cities, and especially of the slum areas where old deteriorated housing prevails. Here is an account of observations and experiences in the me tropolis of New York City.
Problems of Epilepsy In the Adolescent
Authors: Masland Richard L. , Robb J. Preston
Published: November 2007

The problems of the epileptic adolescent are of such severity, and of such impor tance in relation to the ultimate adjust ment of the individual, that they deserve special consideration in any discussion of this age period.
Dermatology Review : Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Lowry R. Brian , Robinson Geoffrey C. , Miller James R.
Published: November 2007

Patients and pedigrees of both the hi drotic and anhidrotic forms of hereditary ectodermal dysplasia are presented, to gether with a discussion of their clinical manifestations, genetic and management problems.
Health Education and the Adolescent
Authors: Burton John
Published: November 2007

Health education—and this includes sex education—is a major facet of the up bringing of young people which merits more organized attention from all of us.
Spina Bifida Cystica
Authors: Lobo E. De H.
Published: November 2007

The management of a baby with spina bifida cystica calls for team work among several specialists. The pediatrician who takes care generally of the child should coordinate and maintain continuity of treatment and should instruct and coun sel the parents on their problems.
The Nephrotic Syndrome in Children
Authors: Sonnenschein Harry , Minsky Arnold A. , Kramer Benjamin
Published: November 2007

The observations here described indi cate that the nephrotic syndrome in chil dren in its "uncomplicated" form can be recognized clinically without renal bi opsy, responds well to steroid therapy, and carries a good prognosis.
Childhood Epilepsy of Subcortical ("Centrencephalic") Origin
Authors: Metrakos Julius D. , Metrakos Katherine
Published: November 2007

Childhood epilepsy with its myriad of problems undoubtedly is the most fre quent neurologic disorder that pediatri cians encounter. And in the course of examining and treating the epileptic child, every pediatrician is sooner or later asked questions regarding prog nosis in general, and regarding genetic prognosis in particular.
Approaches to Child Rearing: Their Effects on Child Behavior
Authors: Chamberlin Robert W.
Published: November 2007

"This paper presents evidence from the literature to document the thesis that different approaches to child rearing lead to different recognizable behavioral reac tions in some children. We also discuss how parental misunderstandings of these reactions can lead to vicious circle rela tionships that may interfere with their child's development."
Pediatrics In the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia
Authors: Galbraith Douglas
Published: November 2007

A doctor winging his way hundreds of miles to the bedside of a sick child. A woman in labor who must have the help only a trained physician can give. The broken bone in the "out back" which requires a fast flight to a far-off hospital. The needs of the children of the Australian aborig ines.
Sudden Death Syndrome The Physician's Role
Authors: Bergman Abraham B. , Miller Joyce D. , Beckwith J. Bruce
Published: November 2007

From the Children's Orthopedic Hospital and Medical Center, and The Departments of Pediatrics, Preventive Medicine, and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
Precocious Puberty, IQ and School Acceleration
Authors: Money John , Neill Jeffrey
Published: November 2007

School acceleration was recommended in 20 of 45 cases of idiopathic sexual pre cocity, and carried through in 12 of those cases. The accelerated children all were academically successful.

School acceleration is recommended as part of a more general program of accel erating social development, in order to help the precocious child bridge the gap between chronologic age and physique age. A high IQ facilitates acceleration, but an average IQ does not necessarily forbid it.

The child's own effort to achieve and a favorable parental attitude are important. School authorities in some places do not understand the nature of the problem and refuse to cooperate.
Sudden Acute Limp in Children
Authors: McDonald Robert
Published: November 2007

"These are some of the conditions which may cause a child to develop a sudden limp. The site of pain must be located as exactly as possible, followed by general examination with specific em phasis on the locomotor system, the ab domen and cardiovascular system, to gether with such blood investigations as seem appropriate. In this way early diag nosis can be made and the best treatment offered to the child without delay."
The Juvenile Amputee
Authors: Spring John M. , Epps Charles H.
Published: November 2007

As our society acquires greater sophis tication in modes of travel and recreation and as the industrial revolution continues to change our way of living, juveniles with loss of limb due to trauma are being encountered more and more.
"Bubble Bath'' as an Irritant to the
Authors: Bass Harold N.
Published: November 2007

"Bubble bath" preparations are being regu larly added to the bath water of many chil dren in the United States and Canada. These mildly detergent preparations are generally sul fonated, petrochemical base products which are blended with neutral foaming agents and have a pH of 6.5. Recommended concentration is 1 per cent in solution. The children enjoy be ing in the foamy water, and their mothers are pleased because there is no residual deposit of scum on the sides of the tub such as follows the use of soap.
A Two-Stage "Controlled" Intramuscular Injection Technic
Authors: Wolf I.J.
Published: November 2007

The "throwing a dart" technic of admin istering medication intramuscularly is poor; the medication is frequently not given into the muscle where it belongs. This author's two-stage "controlled" intramuscular injec tion technic ensures proper administration, however. In many years of use, it has re sulted in no lumps, cysts or local necrotizing reactions. This is not the so-called "Z" technic.
Ayurveda Medicine
Authors: Lenora Senator R.B.
Published: November 2007

Ayurveda Medicine, the ancient practice of the healing art in India, traces its origin back 3.000 years. Ayurveda, with its origin in the Sanskrit words Ayuh, meaning life, and Veda, meaning knowledge, is the subject of this lively and fascinating paper.
Basic Science Review : The Mechanisms of Genetics
Authors: Valentine G.H.
Published: November 2007

"The cells which will give rise to the children of a living creature likewise must be instructed so that they will de velop into a being who, while not neces sarily identical with the parents (or even remotely probably), is sufficiently similar to be of like species."
Clinical Review : Neonatal Meningitis
Authors: Fosson Abe R. , Fine Richard N.
Published: November 2007

Neonatal meningitis is not a common dis ease, but mortality rates remain high despite the introduction of antibiotics. Mortality and morbidity rates are shown here to be re lated more to the time between onset of symptoms and institution of therapy than to the type of antibiotic therapy employed.
Review : Disorders of the Red Cell Membrane
Authors: Neerhout Robert C.
Published: November 2007

Morphologically similar cells can be seen in such varied conditions as liver disease, renal disease, a-betalipoproteinemia, malab sorption states, congenital nonspherocytic anemias, thalassemia, iron deficiency, pykno cytosis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, erythro cyte enzyme deficiencies, etc.

The common denominator in these condi tions may be an increase in membrane rigid ity, resulting from a diversity of causes. These would include altered protein-lipid- carbohydrate composition, abnormally struc tured hemoglobins, the presence of Heinz bodies due to altered glycolysis or unstable hemoglobins. The end result of such altered membrane elasticity, regardless of cause, would be fragmentation and destruction of the red cells during passage through small vascular channels, particularly in the spleen. Changes in erythrocyte stromal composi tion often seem to reflect more generalized systemic metabolic disorders. Whether any of the alterations of membrane composition are causally related to either the morpho logic changes or the shortened cell survival still remains to be proven.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Graw Robert G. , De'ak William R.
Published: November 2007

This program, in use at the Los An geles Children's Hospital, brings together information previously scattered through the literature under such topics as tem perature regulation, newborn manage ment, acid-base balance, and respirator care. It standardizes the approach to these infants and clarifies the following points:

1. Evaluation of the clinical status and estimation of the prognosis with re spect to required treatment.

2. Blood sampling.

3. Interpretation of laboratory results.

4. Use of alkalinizing agents for acid- base correction.

5. Use of oxygen, endotracheal tubes and respirators.
The Clumsy Child
Authors: Illingworth R.S.
Published: November 2007

Clumsiness is not a clinical diagnosis. It is merely a symptom due to a wide vari ety of causes.

Clumsiness in children can result in be havior problems because of ridicule, unkind ness and discouragement, and the child's inability to keep up with his fellows in sport. Bad writing is especially liable to lead to emotional problems because the teacher is apt to blame the child for laziness and carelessness.

The main principle in treatment is the correction of harmful attitudes towards the child—by making it clear to parents and teachers that the child has a genuine neuro logic deficit and he cannot help it.
Jejunal Biopsy in Celiac Disease
Authors: McNicholl Brian , Egan Bridget
Published: November 2007

When symptoms suggestive of celiac dis case have been present for over three months, irrespective of tests of absorptive function, a jejunal biopsy is indicated, but this should be preceded by at least a week of a gluten-containing diet.

If severe mucosal damage is found, a gluten-free diet should be prescribed for several years, and in many cases must be continued until growth has ceased.

Equivocal findings, which are most likely in the early months of the disease, call for further assessment including repeat biopsy when symptoms persist on a gluten-contain ing diet.
Maternal Anxiety and Infantile Colic
Authors: Carey William B.
Published: November 2007

Is maternal anxiety a primary cause of in fantile colic, or is it merely a result of the colic? The problem is perplexing because to date all studies but one 1 have investi gated the situation retrospectively, after the onset of colic. In addition, confusion has re sulted from vague definitions of colic and inadequate assessments of maternal emo tions.

This study carefully defines colic, investi gates maternal anxiety in the immediate postpartum period, and then compares the anxiety with the presence or absence of colic during the first four months. All interviews and examinations and the evaluation of the data were done in the course of a busy prac tice by a pediatrician with a special interest in child behavior.

Forty mothers expressed some anxiety. There was significantly more colic among their babies (27.5%) than among the babies of 63 mothers without anxiety (3.2%).
The Synacthen Test of Adrenal Cortical Function in Children
Authors: Davidson A.G.F. , Johnston Carden
Published: November 2007

Adrenal cortical function was assessed in a dozen children by measurement of plasma cortisol rise after a single injection of the synthetic polypeptide Synacthen (β1-24 cor ticotropin), and by measurement of urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroid response to a three- day stimulation with ACTH.

Statistically significant correlation between the results of these two tests indicates that the Synacthen test is a valid and useful ap proach to appraising adrenal cortical funç tion in children.

The Synacthen test possesses a number of advantages over the ACTH test—the test substance is purer, the results are obtained much more quickly, and the risk of ana phylactic shock is eliminated.
Toward an Understanding of Teenagers
Authors: Chanin Arnold
Published: November 2007

Drug abuse has plagued human society throughout recorded history. The urgency of the problem today is reflected in the flood of newspaper, magazine and medical articles. The greatest tragedy is that our younger citizens are most involved.

To understand any teenager's turn to drugs, one must understand teenagers— their problems, their aspirations, and their complex emotions. Dr. Chanin, a noted artist as well as physician, provides new insights and offers fresh alternatives to drug abuse.
High Intensity Sounds in the Recreational Environment
Authors: Lipscomb David M.
Published: November 2007

Rock music played for a guinea pig destroyed numerous cells in the animal's cochlea. Excess exposure to loud music may account for the increasing incidence of high frequency hearing loss among teenagers and college freshmen.
The Anencephalic Infant as a Possible Donor for Cardiac Transplantation
Authors: Cabasson Jacques , Blanc William A. , Joos Howard A.
Published: November 2007

The hearts of 79 anencephalic infants have been evaluated as possible donors for ortho. topic homotransplantation in man. These hearts tended to be small. Severe and complex congenital cardiac malformations were present in four cases. Minor defects, some probably within normal limits, were present in 12 others. Electrocardiograms in four anencephalic infants were normal during periods of clinical well being. Thirty-four of the 79 infants were born live and survived from a few minutes to 27 days.
Clinical Review: Intracranial Hemorrhage in Infancy and Childhood
Authors: Lagos Jorge C. , Siekert Robert G.
Published: November 2007

Many observations suggest that certain nonprogressive neurologic disorders are the sequelae of intracerebral or intracranial hemorrhage or both, but the role played by these factors as well as hypoxia is difficult to ascertain even at autopsy. As a rule, intracranial bleeding in infants (neonates excluded) and children is secondary to trauma. Some of these children are left with some neurologic deficit, depending upon the site and severity of the breeding and the promptness of therapy.
The Caribbean Food and Nutrition Institute
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B. , McKigney John I.
Published: November 2007

The steady growth of population, by outstripping the per capita availability of food, is negating economic and educational progress in nearly every pre-industrial and tropical country. In many of the food supplies, particularly of protein-rich foods, are already seriously inadequate. Young children are especially vulnerable to this grave and widening world "protein gap."
Image Intensifier Fluorography in Pediatric Radiology
Authors: Kaude Jüri V. , Slusher Donald H.
Published: November 2007

Roentgen examination of children is facilitated by video-fluoroscopy and 70-mm. fluorography. Examination time is shortened; radiation dose to patient is reduced; motion blurring can be eliminated; with serial filming, functional studies can be performed 70.mm. films are of good image quality. The diagnostic capability of the method has proven adequate.
Basophilic Leukemia
Authors: Mitrakul Chulee , Othaganonda Bung-Orn , Manothal Pinai , Bhanichayabhongsa Sumbhandha
Published: November 2007

From the Chulatongkom Hospital, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Hemophilia Hospital in the Netherlands
Authors: van Creveld S.
Published: November 2007

Dr. S. van Creveld was born in Amsterdam on August 21, 1894. He studied medicine at the University of Amsterdam from 1912 to 1918, and took his doctor's degree in Groningen in 1922. He was Head of the Department of Pediatrics of the University of Amsterdam from 1938 till 1964 (with an interruption during the war years). He was the first to give a clinical description of glycogen disease (1927), and with W. M. Bendien demonstrated in 1936 that in hemophilic plasma there is a deficiency of a normal clotting-promoting constituent. In 1950 he took the initiative for the foundation of a large clinic for convalescent children in the country. By 1964 this had developed into the large Hemophilia Clinic and Hospital described in this article.
Office Electrocardiography in General Pediatrics
Authors: Miller B. Lynn , Gessner Ira H. , Schiebler Gerold L.
Published: November 2007

This article—part I of a monthly series—outlines succinctly the bases for the ECG changes in the normal growing infant, and highlights a few helpful ground rules and specific points of normal and abnormal tracings. Subsequent articles deal with the following aspects:

II. Evolution of the ECG from Birth to One Year

III. Cardiac Chamber Enlargement

IV. Arrhythmias—Premature Beats and Fast Heart Rates

V. Arrhythmias (cont.)—Pauses and Slow Heart Rates

VI. ECG after Cardiac Surgery

VII. Miscellaneous—Normal Variants, Electrolyte Effects, New Applications of Electrocardiography

1. Burch, G. E. and DePasquale, N. P.: Electrocardiography in the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease. Philadelphia, Lea and Febiger, 1967. 2. Cassels, D. E. and Ziegler, R. F.: Electrocardiography in Infants and Children. New York, Grune and Stratton, 1966.

3. Guntheroth, W. G.: Pediatric Electrocardiography. Philadelphia, W. B. Saunders Co., 1965.

4. Krovetz, L. J., Gessner, I. H. and Schiebler, G. L.: Handbook of Pediatric Cardiology. New York, Hoeber Medical Division, Harper and Row, 1969, pp. 70-94.
Familial Deletion of the Short Arm of the D1-Chromosome (46, XX, 13 p-) Not Associated with Loss of Haptoglobin or Catalase Activity
Authors: Parker Charles E. , Koch Richard , Mavalwala Jamshed , Derencsenyi Anna , Hatashita Alice
Published: November 2007

This is an instructive description of a child who has a deletion of the short arm of the D 1 (number 13) chromosome. She is mentally retarded and has multiple congenital malformations, catalase and haptoglobin activity, ruling out the possibility that the loci for these systems are present on the deleted segment. The use of autoradiography is discussed. It is stressed that examination of the palmar and plantar dermatoglyphics should be part of the diagnostic work-up for retardation.
Growth and Physical Performance of American Negro and White Children
Authors: Malina Robert M.
Published: November 2007

Adults of different racial or ethnic groups vary in size and proportional measures, and one may assume that these differences become apparent early in the human growth cycle. Hence it is important to ascertain when during the growth period such differences become readily recognizable, and how they are related to rates of growth, growth gradients and biologic maturation.
Recessive Sex-Linked Mental Retardation in the Absence of Other Recognizable Abnormalities
Authors: Snyder R.D. , Robinson A.
Published: November 2007

Mental retardation in nine members of a family, without major physical, neurologic, cytogenetic or biochemical abnormalities, appears to belong to the infrequently described, but possibly common, nonspecific sex-linked mental retardation.
Interviewing and Counseling Adolescent Patients
Authors: Hammar S.L. , Holterman V.
Published: November 2007

Faced with heavy office schedules and with limited time, doctors often feel the need for practical pointers on obtaining information and working with teenage patients. This paper provides some guidelines to adolescent interviewing and counseling based upon experiences in the University of Washington Adolescent Program.
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) in Childhood
Authors: Aird Robert B. , Crowther Douglas L.
Published: November 2007

Pediatricians should familiarize themselves with this en tity if they are to recognize and treat it in their patients.
An Ambulatory Pediatric Unit
Authors: De Castro F.J. , Amin H.
Published: November 2007

Description and discussion of organization, development and responses of parents to a newly created facility for ambulatory pediatric care.
Notes on an Epidemic of Acute Glomerulonephritis in Hawaii
Authors: Bell Thomas D.
Published: November 2007

In this epidemic an association of acute glomerulonephritis with pyoderma and pharyngitis is noted. Group A β-hemo lytic streptococci were recovered from 40 per cent of the patients.
Family Interviewing and Pediatric Training
Authors: Russak Sidney , Friedman David Belais
Published: November 2007

By actively participating in family interviews, pediatric resident trainees sharpen their skills, discover the importance of intra- family dynamics, observe the interaction of biologic and psycho social factors in illnesses and develop an awareness of their own potentialities and weaknesses for dealing with clinical problems referable to the behavioral and emotional aspects of pediatrics.
Improving Patient Records
Authors: Hammond Keith
Published: November 2007

Records of good quality make for clear clinical thinking, give valuable instruction, and ensure better patient care.
Salicylism Revisited
Authors: Surapathana La-Or , Futrakul Prasit , Campbell Robert A.
Published: November 2007

Salicylism remains a distressing form of intoxication. Three cases illustrate points in environmental drug control, prescription writing, diagnosis and therapy.
Cerebral Gigantism
Authors: Mace John W. , Gotlin Ronald W.
Published: November 2007

Four cases of cerebral gigantism are reported, and their historical, phys ical and investigative findings are compared with those of other re ported cases. The triad of a period of rapid growth, advanced bone age and absence of precocious sexual development is characteristic of this syndrome and is seen rarely in other conditions. Extensive growth hormone and other pertinent assays, including circadian studies, failed to demonstrate any excess of endocrine secretions.
Common Causes of Death in Children at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Bwibo N.O.
Published: November 2007

An honest portrayal, based on observations of deaths from disease, of the nature and magnitude of pediatric problems in an African country.
How To Help Mothers Breastfeed
Authors: Ladas Alice K.
Published: November 2007

Information and support play a vital role in helping mothers breastfeed successfully. Accordingly, pregnant and other women should be given all pertinent information so that they can make an intelligent choice of whether or not to breastfeed. They should be given knowledge about how to breastfeed and encouragement be fore conception, during pregnancy and after the birth of the baby.
Treatment of Asthmatic Children for Six Months with Disodium Cromoglycate
Authors: Bedford S. , Kuzemko J.A.
Published: November 2007

A favorable report from a clinical trial of a new and promising therapeutic agent.
Circulation of Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Walsh S.Zoe
Published: November 2007

Amniotic fluid forms an integral part of the feto-placental-ma ternal circulation and should be included in any discussion of this subject. Since the amniotic fluid is an extension of the fetal extracellular fluid space, more detailed studies should im prove the diagnostic evaluation of the intrauterine patient.
The Pediatrician in an Innovative Public School Health Program
Authors: McAnarney Elizabeth , Nader Philip R. , Coleman Raymond F. , Goldstein Sanford , Friedman Stanford B.
Published: November 2007

A three-year experience with the pupil-personnel-medical team approach to health problems in a suburban elementary school has been viewed as successful by both the participating school district and the department of pediatrics, and may be one model for cooperative efforts between education and medicine.
RISA Brain Scans in Children
Authors: Samuels L.D. , Natelson S. , Miller C.A.
Published: November 2007

RISA brain scans, though relatively slow to complete, provide a useful measure of the rate and pathways of CSF absorption into the peripheral circulation and thereby permit postoperative evaluation of shunt procedures. Case reports are presented of typical problems amenable to study by the technic.
Clinical Review : Reye's Syndrome
Authors: Bradford William D. , Parker Joseph C.
Published: November 2007

Reye's syndrome of brain swelling and fatty change of the viscera usually begins with a febrile upper respiratory tract infection, followed by the onset of coma. These patients typically assume a flexed elbows, extended legs, and clenched fists posture. Common laboratory findings include a low blood sugar, low cerebrospinal fluid sugar, metabolic acidosis, elevated blood urea nitrogen, ketonuria, aminoaciduria, and, marked elevations in SGOT and blood ammonia. Few children who develop this illness under the age of two years survive.
The Adolescent and His Dangers
Authors: Kappelman Murray M.
Published: November 2007

The rapidly increasing social temptations and arenas for honest but occasionally misguided rebellion have created a treacherous path between childhood and adult maturity for today's adolescents. The moral dilemmas, possible solutions, and potential dangers to person ality faced today by America's teenage population are discussed.
Music and the Modern Generation
Authors: Nacman Martin
Published: November 2007

Music occupies a central position in the life of adolescents, and reflects the val ues, experiences and influences that are part of this age group. The negative reaction of many adults to the musical tastes and choices of adolescents has served to widen the "generation gap," thereby reducing the chances of establish ing working relationships between adolescents and adults, including a long list of professionals, with whom they come in contact. If we are to come closer to ado lescents, we must learn to understand their music and their attitudes toward it.
Central Venous Catheters in Children—Their Placement and Care
Authors: Liebert Peter S.
Published: November 2007

Using a central venous catheter for moni toring venous pressure or for extended in travenous feeding is safe and can be life preserving. A peripheral cutdown is best for catheter insertion with newborns and in fants. Percutaneous placement through a peripheral vein or via subclavian puncture is advised only with children old enough to have adequately large veins. Care must be taken to place the catheter properly and to prevent the complications of air embolism, catheter embolization, fluid extravasation, inadvertent removal, thrombosis and infec tion.
Acute Epiglottitis: Pitfalls in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Rapkin Richard H.
Published: November 2007

Diagnosis and management of epiglottitis are subjects of some controversy. Repeated attempts at direct visualizatian of the epi glottis may lead to sudden respiratory arrest; emergency endo tracheal intubation may be impossible, and crisis tracheostomy too slow. Rapid confirmation of diagnosis by lateral neck film and early "elective" tracheostomy may be more acceptable alternatives.
Practical Nuclear Medicine for Pediatricians
Authors: Samuels L.D.
Published: November 2007

This article surveys the principles behind pediatric nuclear medi cine in terms useful to the referring pediatrician, and illustrates the kinds of children's lesions for which nuclear medicine diagnosis is helpful. Subsequent articles in this series will deal in more de tail with the procedures, materials and results mentioned here.
The Recognition of Streptococcal Pharyngitis
Authors: Rapkin Richard H. , Eppley Margaret L.
Published: November 2007

Streptococcal pharyngitis cannot always be recognized clinically. If the significant morbidity from rheumatic fever is to be reduced, throat cultures must be used to accurately diagnose streptococcal infections. A throat cul ture program was introduced and successfully carried out in a community. The model is presented in hopes of encouraging widespread emulation.
Medical Characteristics of Children with Educational Handicaps
Authors: Hansen Philip , Keogh Barbara K.
Published: November 2007

The role of the physician in identification and management of learning problems is, for the most part, nominal. In many instances, the inclu sion of fragmentary data and global diagnoses serve only to confound the educational programming. Persistent and consistent evidence, how ever, including findings in the present study, may be interpreted to suggest that significant numbers of children with learning problems have some associated and possibly contributory medical conditions. More comprehensive and insightful medical involvement is imperative.
Liver Abscesses and Other Intrahepatic Disorders
Authors: Samuels L.D.
Published: November 2007

Radioisotope liver scans are a valuable aid in detecting focal in flammatory disease in a child's liver. Good technic and equipment may visualize lesions as small as 1 cm in diameter. Differential diagnosis between abscesses and other mass lesions must be based on other clinical phenomena. The liver scan can reliably in dicate the size and location of lesions before surgical intervention, and allow comparative evaluation of resolution after therapy. The precision of this technic equals or surpasses hepatic angiography.
Prolonged Apnea of Prematurity
Authors: Boros Stephen J. , Reynolds John W.
Published: November 2007

Five premature infants experiencing frequent episodes of apnea and bradycardia were treated with continuous positive airway pressure deliv ered by nasopharyngeal tube. A significant de crease in the frequency and severity of apneic spells was observed. Premature withdrawal from end expiratory pressure resulted in an increase in both the incidence and the duration of the apneic episodes. We suggest that hypoventilation and a reduced functional residual capacity (FRC) are related to the development of prolonged apnea. Expansion and stabilization of FRC with small amounts of end expiratory pressure appears to be beneficial.
The Subspecialist and the Child
Authors: Rapkin Richard H.
Published: November 2007

Specialty services for children may be defec tive because the subspecialist has not had ade quate training in general pediatrics. Pediatric and pediatric surgery postgraduate programs should encourage this type of training for all subspecialists who care for children. Unless or until this occurs, the pediatrician must remain involved in the care of his patients whether their problems are primarily medical or surgical.
The Reliability of Maternal Recall
Authors: Hoekelman Robert A. , Kelly John , Zimmer Anne W.
Published: November 2007

Fifty-nine mothers were asked, when their babies were nine months of age, to recall the baby's birth date, birth weight, last recorded weight, past illnesses, illness visits, well-baby visits, and immunization history. These responses were checked against the data recorded in the baby's clinical records to determine the accuracy of the mothers' recall. Maternal education did affect the accuracy of recall while maternal age, race, and the sex and birth order of the baby did not.

Health and illness related historical events require ongoing documentation in some easily retrievable form if they are to be relied upon by physicians and medical investigators when providing care or conducting research.
The Outcome of Staphylococcal Bacteremia in Childhood
Authors: David Clifford , Plotkin Stanley A. , Polansky Evan
Published: November 2007

Fifty infants and children were treated for staphylococcal infections complicated by bacteremia. Of these, 28 had serious underlying diseases, principally leukemia (15 cases). All were treated with intravenous anti biotics for a median duration of 12.7 days. Although 13 patients died (26%), the staphylococcal infection had apparently been eradicated in all but three (6%), one of whom died before treatment could be started. The relatively brief treatment periods required in even severely compromised leukemic patients and the survival of all but one of 22 previously healthy patients with staphylococcal bacteremia suggest that the prognosis is better than previously reported.
Lead on Painted Handles of Kitchen Utensils
Authors: Hankin Lester , Heichel Gary H. , Botsford Richard A.
Published: November 2007

The lead content of paint on wooden handles of kitchen utensils ranged from 0 to 9.7 per cent (97,000 ppm). Yellow paint showed the highest con centration of lead followed by green and red colors. The values of lead often exceeded the legal limit on toys and paint for use indoors.
Immediate Information Expected by the Neonatologist from the Placenta
Authors: Peltonen Raili , Peltonen Tuomas
Published: November 2007

As the obstetrician attends to the mother and the pediatrician to the child, the placenta often tends to be ignored. Nevertheless, essential anamnestic information about the condition of a newborn infant, and especially of a premature, can be gained from careful scrutiny of the placenta and fetal membranes. This paper emphasizes the importance of gross examination of the placenta and membranes as a source of immediate information to the pediatrician within the delivery room.
Absorption of Vitamin A in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Warwick Warren J. , Hansen Leland G. , Sharp Harvey
Published: November 2007

Vitamin A absorption tests using vitamin A palmitate and alcohol separately in oil and oil-water emulsions were done on 43 patients with cystic fibrosis. Patients were given 7,000 units of vitamin A per kilogram of body weight with a fatty breakfast. Pancreatic enzymes were not given with the test meal and were withheld for five hours from start of test. Blood was drawn before administration of the vitamin and at three and five hours after administration. Serum vitamin A levels were estimated using the Carr-Price technique.

The percentages of patients with normal vitamin A absorption were 85 with vitamin A alcohol in oil-water emulsion, 61 with vitamin A alcohol dissolved in oil, 64 with vitamin A palmitate in oil-water emulsion, and 19 with vitamin A palmitate in oil.

The number of stools per day is an inverse indicator of retention time in the intestine. Absorption of fat soluble vitamins is always abnormal when a patient has four or more stools a day.

The observations that cystic fibrosis patients with abnormal liver biopsies have poor absorption of vitamin A were not statistically significant. The ques tion of the effect of cirrhosis in cystic fibrosis on vitamin A absorption re mains unresolved.
Tuberculosis among Urban Black Children
Authors: Mi Wha Lee  , Adebonojo Festus O.
Published: November 2007

Over a three-year period, in 2,700 children aged two weeks to 19 years in a South Philadelphia ghetto, the new case rate for tuberculosis was 177 per 100,000 per year and the rate for new conversions was 673 per 100,000 per year. Children with recent conversions or with active disease were, on the average, slightly older and had older mothers and more adults and siblings at home than the rest of the child population. Parents or other residents of the home were the contacts. Children 10 to 14 years of age were the most frequently affected. Children who had been receiving continuous comprehensive health care for more than three years had the same attack rates as new children in the program.
Cardiovascular Malformations Associated with Congenital Anomalies of the Urinary System
Authors: Greenwood Ronald D. , Rosenthal Amnon , Nadas Alexander S.
Published: November 2007

Thirty-four (8%) of 453 infants and children with urinary system malforma tions had cardiovascular malformations. Cardiac defects were seen frequently in Potter syndrome, unilateral renal agenesis, and horseshoe kidney. The most frequently encountered types of heart defects were ventricular septal defect (33%), endocardial cushion defect (15%), tetralogy of Fallot (12%), and patent ductus arteriosus (12%).
Preliminary Field-Testing of The Physician's Developmental Quick Screen for Speech Disorders ("PDQ")
Authors: Kulig Sharon G. , Baker Kathryn A.
Published: November 2007

This report describes the development of The Physician's Developmental Quick Screen for Speech Disorders (the PDQ), a screening test designed for use by nonspeech pathologists with children aged six months to six years. Disorders of language, articulation, voice, rhythm of speech, and the speaking mechanism are considered by the PDQ. Validation studies resulted in 90 per cent agreement (p < .001) between nonspeech pathologists utilizing the PDQ and speech pathologists employing a battery of more established tests.
"Alice in Wonderland" Syndrome as a Presenting Symptom of Infectious Mononucleosis in Children
Authors: Copperman Stuart M.
Published: November 2007

Three cases of "Alice in Wonderland" syndrome (metamorphopsia) are presented and described as a presenting symptom of infectious mono nucleosis in a preadolescent male and in two late teenage females. In each instance, the classical infectious mononucleosis symptoms and diagnosis followed the onset of visual aberration.

Thorough physical and blood examination of patients who present with such a syndrome must be undertaken before these symptoms are ascribed to psy chiatric abnormalities. It is emphasized that infectious mononucleosis is a diffuse disorder, often associated with encephalopathies, which may include visual imbalance symptoms.
Children Who Age Rapidly — Progeroid Syndromes
Authors: Ruvalcaba R.H.A. , Churesigaew Sunchai , Myhre Selma A. , Kelley Vincent C. , Martin George M.
Published: November 2007

A case report of an apparently unique progeroid syndrome is reported here. Major clinical characteristics included growth failure with onset of senility in the early teens, atrophic skin, hypogonadism, and retinal and vascular sclerosis. Mental retardation was present, but could have been attrib utable to trauma. The replicative life spans of several lines of cultured skin fibroblasts were within the normal range, in contrast to the limited life-spans of such cultures from patients with Werner's syndrome, whom our patient most closely resembles. Also, in contrast to Werner's syndrome, our patient did not have white or gray hair or cataracts.
Preschool Developmental Testing in Prediction of School Problems
Authors: Camp Bonnie W. , van Doorninck William J. , Frankenburg William K. , Lampe John M.
Published: November 2007

Sixty-five children from lower income families, first evaluated with the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST) and the Stanford-Binet In telligence Scale at age 4 to 6 years, were followed up 3 years later to determine how well preschool test results could predict later school problems. Eighty- eight per cent of children with Abnormal DDSTs, 66 per cent of children with Questionable DDSTs, and 32 per cent of children with Normal DDSTs showed later school problems. Combining DDST and IQ results did not change the total number of children who would be misclassified, but the type of mis classification changed. When developmental screening is used to identify children at risk for developing school problems, children with Questionable findings should be referred for further evaluation along with those with Abnormal findings since a high percentage of Questionables develop school problems despite adequate intelligence.
Vietnamese and Cambodian Orphans 1975 — the First Look
Authors: Swender Phillip T. , Sandler Alan P.
Published: November 2007

In April of 1975, the United States government evacuated approximately 2,000 orphans from Vietnam and Cambodia. More than 1,500 orphans received initial medical evaluation and treatment at Clark Air Force Base, Republic of the Philippines. The orphans underwent a minimum of 2 physician evalua tions and were individually cared for by a volunteer. One hundred and six children were ill enough to require acute admission to the hospital. Four infants died while at Clark. No unusual tropical illnesses were diagnosed at Clark nor were any diseases identified that might represent a significant health hazard to the United States. The medical conditions found among these orphans appear to be similar to the problems found among the children of migrant farm workers in the United States.
Orbital Involvement in Acute Sinusitis
Authors: Hawkins Donald B. , Clark Richard W.
Published: November 2007

The possibility of acute bacterial sinusitis should be considered in any child with sudden swelling about the orbit. Management is determined by the stage of the disease as well as by the sinus predominantly involved. Extraocular movements and proptosis are the best guidelines for therapy. When there is no proptosis and extraocular mobility is normal, conservative therapy with intravenous antibiotics and nasal deconges tants is usually effective. When ocular mobility is impaired or proptosis develops, intranasal or external surgical drainage are usually required.

Of 24 patients summarized in this paper, the ethmoid was the predominantly involved sinus in 12, the frontal in 7, the maxillary in 5. Only 4 of the 12 with predominant ethmoiditis required surgery. Of the 5 with predominant maxillary sinusitis, 2 required surgery. All 7 were pre dominant frontal involvement needed surgical drainage.
"Jeune Syndrome" (Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy)
Authors: Tahernia A. Cyrus , Stamps Phil
Published: November 2007

Respiratory distress with congenital narrowing of the thorax in a baby with short-limbed dwarfism should suggest the rare, and often fatal, Jeune or in fantile thoracic dystrophy syndrome.
A Bleeding Syndrome in Infants due to Acquired Prothrombin Complex Deficiency
Authors: Bhanchet P. , Tuchinda S. , Hathirat P. , Visudhiphan P. , Bhamaraphavati N. , Bukkavesa S.
Published: November 2007

A bleeding syndrome due to severe prothrombin complex deficiency is reported in 93 infants. Most were breast fed (98 per cent), aged 2 weeks to 1 year and there were no serious preceding or associated diseases. Hemor rhagic diathesis, pallor and mild hepatomegaly were the major manifesta tions. The incidence of intracr nial bleeding was strikingly high (63 per cent) particularly with subdural and subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Acute onset, short course and rapid clinical and laboratory improvement after vitamin K therapy were observed. Mortality rate was 35 per cent but has been reduced to 17 per cent since 1969. The location of bleeding, prompt diagnosis and early treatment are the major factors affecting prognosis.

Severe prothrombin complex deficiency due to vitamin K deficiency ac counted for the pathogenesis of bleeding. Possible causes of vitamin K deficiency were discussed but definite conclusions could not be drawn.