bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A theoretical and numerical study of thermosolutal convection: stability of a salinity gradient solar pond
Authors: Akrour Dalila , Tribeche Mouloud , Kalache Djamel
Published: June 2011

A theoretical and numerical study of the effect of thermodiffusion on the
stability of a gradient layer is presented. It intends to clarify the
mechanisms of fluid dynamics and the processes which occur in a salinity
gradient solar pond. A mathematical modelling is developed to describe the
thermodiffusion contribution on the solar pond where thermal, radiative, and
massive fluxes are coupled in the double diffusion. More realistic boundary
conditions for temperature and concentration profiles are used. Our results
are compared with those obtained experimentally by authors without extracting
the heat flux from the storage zone. We have considered the stability
analysis of the equilibrium solution. We assumed that the perturbation of
quantities such as velocity, temperature, and concentration are
infinitesimal. Linearized equations satisfying appropriate prescribed
boundary conditions are then obtained and expanded into polynomials form. The
Galerkin method along with a symbolic algebra code (Maple) are used to solve
these equations. The effect of the separation coefficient y is analyzed in
the positive and negative case. We have also numerically compared the
critical Rayleigh numbers for the onset of convection with those obtained by
the linear stability analysis for Le = 100, ?a = 0.8, and f = 0.5.
Numerical study of transient three-dimensional heat conduction problem with a moving heat source
Authors: Ivanovic Ivana , Sedmak Aleksandar , Milos Marko , Zivkovic Aleksandar , Lazic Mirjana
Published: June 2011

A numerical study of transient three-dimensional heat conduction problem with
a moving source is presented. For numerical solution Douglas-Gunn alternating
direction implicit method is applied and for the moving heat source flux
distribution Gaussian function is used. An influence on numerical solution of
input parameters figuring in flux boundary conditions is examined. This
include parameters appearing in Gaussian function and heat transfer
coefficient from free convection boundaries. Sensitivity of cooling time from
800 to 500?C with respect to input parameters is also tested.
A study on the grindability of Serbian coals
Authors: Radic Dejan , Obradovic Marko , Stanojevic Miroslav , Jovovic Aleksandar , Stojiljkovic Dragoslava
Published: June 2011

Thermal power plants in the Republic of Serbia are making considerable
efforts and even more considerable investments, not only to maintain
electricity production at maximum design levels, but even to additionally
increase the power output of existing generating units. Capacities of mills
used in pulverized coal preparation are identified as one of the main
constraints to achieving maximum mill plant capacity, while coal grindability
is seen as one of the factors that directly affect capacities of the coal
mills utilized in thermal power plants. The paper presents results of
experimental investigation conducted for the purpose of determining Hardgrove
grindability index of coal. The investigation was conducted in accordance
with ISO 5074 and included analysis of approximately 70 coal samples taken
from the open pit mine of Kolubara coal basin. Research results obtained
indicate that coal rich in mineral matter and thus, of lower heating value is
characterized by higher grindability index. Therefore, analyses presented in
the paper suggest that characteristics of solid fuels analyzed in the
research investigation conducted are such that the use coals less rich in
mineral matter i. e. coals characterized by lower grindability index will
cause coal mills to operate at reduced capacity. This fact should be taken
into account when considering a potential for electricity production
increase.
Presence of deoxynivalenol in small-grain samples from 2009/10 harvest season
Authors: Jajic Igor , Jevtic Radivoje , Juric Verica , Krstovic Sasa , Telecki Mirjana , Matic Jovana , Djilas Sandra , Abramovic Biljana
Published: June 2011

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is present in all growing regions of small grains
and causes significant losses in yield and grain quality. In our
environmental conditions, dominant species is Fusarium graminearum Group 2.
During 2009/10 there was a significant Fusarium infestation on wheat, barley
and triticale. The aim of this study was to examine the contents of
deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal samples taken after 2009/10 harvest season. We
analyzed 22 NS varieties of small grains from Rimski Sancevi, including 16
varieties of winter wheat, one facultative wheat variety, four varieties of
winter barley and one variety of triticale. Analytical methods based on
clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE) columns and detection by liquid
chromatography were used. Fifteen out the 22 analyzed samples were positive
for the presence of DON at a mean level of 0.537 mg/kg. The highest
concentration was 1.952 mg/kg. These findings were in correlation with
percentage of the Fusarium damaged kernels.
Effect of Origanum heracleoticum L. essential oil on food-borne Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Penicilium chrysogenum isolates
Authors: Cabarkapa Ivana , Skrinjar Marija , Nemet Nevena , Milovanovic Ivan
Published: June 2011

Molds are ubiquitously distributed in nature and their spores can be found in
the atmosphere even at high altitudes. The difficulty of controlling these
undesirable molds, as well as the growing interest of the consumers in
natural products, have been forcing the industry to find new alternatives for
food preservation. The modern trends in nutrition suggest the limitation of
synthetic food additives or substitution with natural ones. Aromatic herbs
are probably the most important source of natural antimicrobial agents.
Origanum heracleoticum L. essential oil has been known as an interesting
source of antimicrobial compounds to be applied in food preservation. In the
this work, we have investigated the effect of essential oil obtained from O.
heracleoticum on growth of six isolates of Penicillium aurantiogriseum and
four isolates of Penicillium chrysogenum isolated from meat plant for
traditional Petrovacka sausage (Petrovsk? klob?sa) production. The findings
reveal that the essential oil of O. heracleoticum provides inhibition of all
of fungal isolates tested. O. heracleoticum L. essential oil exhibited higher
antifungal activity against the isolates of P. chrysogenum than the isolates
of P. aurantiogriseum. O. heracleoticum essential oil showed a MIC value
ranging from 25 to 100 ?L/mL. The fungi cultivated in the medium with higher
concentration of essential oil showed certain morphological changes. The
alterations included lack of sporulation and loss of pigmentation.
Effectiveness of fungicide-free approaches to the protection of potato and tomato against late blight
Authors: Smirnov Aleksej , Antonjenko Viktor , Zolfaghari Amir , Al-Saadi Mohamed , Mamonov Anton , Kondratjeva Gana , Ignatenkova Ana , Sisurjak Mark
Published: June 2011

The article describes fungicide-free ecologically tolerant technologies for
the protection of potato and tomato against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de
Bary, agent of late blight of these crops. It has been proved that potato
cultivars with field resistance (Lugovskoy) provide a protection level
comparable to the effectiveness of modern fungicides. Plant extracts from
Southern plants can be used as biopesticides in order to additionally
suppress the development of late blight. For example, extracts of four
species from Yemen (fam. Asteraceae: Psiadia arabica Jaup and Spach; fam.
Lamiaceae: Lawsonia inermis L ; Dodonea viscos L ; Euryops arabicus Steud. ex
Jaub and Spach) were capable of suppressing late blight development on
potato. On the contrary, plant growth regulators, Novosil (active compound
triterpene acids), Larixin (active compound dihydroquerticin), and Terpenol
(active compound triterpene acids), in spite of the periods of high
efficiency against late blight, do not provide satisfying effect since these
substances could sometimes even promote a pathogen development. Also,
vaccination of tomato with attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
could improve viability and immune status of plants under normal conditions,
and in the case of stress situation it promoted weakness of plants and P.
infestans infection. In Eastern Europe, fungicide-free technologies for the
protection of potato and tomato against late blight, corresponding to the
ecological criterion, should be additionally elaborated and tested for potato
and tomato cropping.
Antifungal activity of oregano extract against A. Versicolor, E. Nidulans and Eurotium spp.: Producers of sterigmatocystin
Authors: Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Dimic Gordana , Tanackov Ilija , Tuco Danijela
Published: June 2011

The paper presents the influence of oregano extract (Origanum vulgare L.) on
growth of Aspergillus versicolor, Emericella nidulans, Eurotium herbariorum,
E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri and E. rubrum - producers of sterigmatocystin
(STC) isolated from salads. Antifungal tests were performed by agar plates
method. The composition of the active component of extract was determined by
GC-MS method and the major components were: carvacrol (34.20%), triacetin
(22.91%), carvone (18.05%), p-cymene (8.05%) and thymol (3.74%). The examined
extract showed the ability to reduce mold growth at all applied
concentrations. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for E. nidulans, E.
chevalieri and E. amstelodami were 2.5% (v/v) and over 2.5% (v/v) for A.
versicolor. At 1.5% (v/v) concentration the extract completely inhibited the
growth of E. rubrum, whereas higher dose of 2.5% (v/v) was fungicidal against
E. herbariorum. Besides its sensory role in food products, the examined
oregano extract also exhibits antifungal activities against producers of STC.
Pathogenic, morphological and molecular characteristics of Alternaria Tenuissima from soybean
Authors: Jasnic Stevan , Marjanovic Zaklina , Vidic Milos , Bagi Ferenc , Budakov Dragana , Pavlovic Snezana , Stojsin Vera
Published: June 2011

During 2008 and 2009 phytopathological isolations were done from soybean
plants and seed samples from several localities in Serbia. A total of 19
isolates of Alternaria spp. were isolated, 13 from the seed and 3 from both
leaf and stem. In order to determine and characterize isolates, cultural,
morphological, molecular and pathogenic characteristics were thoroughly
investigated. The slowest growth of the examined isolates was noted on Malt
agar (MA) with average colony diameter of 42.9 mm after 7 days of incubation.
On other two media (V8 and PCA), colony growth was uniform and faster, with
average diameter of 66.8 mm and 66.1 mm, respectively. Isolates of fungi form
unbranched or poorly branched conidial chains on short unbranched
conidiophores. Conidia are dark in colour, multicellular with transverse and
longitudinal septae. They are of different size regarding the place of
formation in the chain. Based on these characteristics, the tested isolates
were determined as Alternaria tenuissima. Molecular identification with
sequencing of ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA verified that investigated isolates belong
to Alternaria tenuissima group. Pathogenicity test proved that all isolates
were more or less virulent to soybean seed (12.5% to 40% of rotten seeds),
while pathogenicity on plants was poorly expressed.
Molecular and morphological determination of Colletotrichum trifolii isolates originating from alfalfa
Authors: Vasic Tanja , Trkulja Vojislav , Rajcevic Bojan , Zivkovic Sanja , Andjelkovic Snezana , Markovic Jordan
Published: June 2011

Colletotrichum trifolii is a fungal pathogen responsible for anthracnose
disease in alfalfa. The isolates of C. trifolii were obtained from diseased
alfalfa stems collected from field in Serbia. It was determined by
pathogenicity examination that four isolates (Luc-7, Luc-17, Luc-27, Luc-33)
can cause stem lesions on inoculated alfalfa plant. Our isolates were
compared using reference isolates of C. trifolii (CBS 158.83). Isolates on MA
and CDA developed olive green to grey colonies with white margin, while the
substrate got dark olive green color. Conidiophores were hyaline, varied in
length and produced a succession of conidia apically. Conidia were hyaline,
straight, rounded at the ends, and non-septated with average size 7.85x3.87
?m. Average sizes of appressoria were 7.5-16.5 x 5.5 x 8.9 ?m. The polymerase
chain reaction (PCR) with one set of specific primers was used for the
detection of examined isolates of Colletotrichum trifolii. Amplification of
desired DNA fragment (590 bp) was determined using specific primer pair
TB3-F/TB3-R. Achieved results of amplification indicated that the isolates
Luc-7, Luc-17, Luc-27, as well as CBS 158.83, had traits of C. trifolli.
Amplification and band on about 430 bp appeared in isolate Luc-33, which also
belonged to C. trifolli species.
Dermatomycosis: Conditions that contribute to the disease development
Authors: Stojanov Igor , Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Pusic Ivan , Kapetanov Milos , Ratajac Radomir , Jaksic Sandra
Published: June 2011

Skin lesions caused by dermatophytes are classified depending on the infected
skin structure: surface layer of cutis, fur layer, clutches or nails. Surface
mycoses are caused by dermatophytes: Epidermophyton, Microsporum and
Trichophyton species (also important are Malassezia spp., Candida spp., and
Trichosporon). Skin is the target tissue for fungal infections if the
epithelial layer is damaged and immune system cannot cope with the infection,
or if the conditions are favorable for dermatophytes, which spread in the
cutis due to the enzyme activities. Dermatophytes can be found on skin
surface if they contaminate or colonize epidermis or hair follicles. However,
clinical symptoms of lesion on the skin are sometimes absent. According to
the literature data 6-9% of skin lesions are caused by dermatophyte in human
medicine. Similar situation is in veterinary medicine. Fungus that cause
dermatomycosis are widespread in the nature and could be divided into:
zoophilic, geophilic and anthrophilic. The goal of this paper is to present
the latest knowledge in pathogenesis on dermatomycosis, predisposing factors
important for the outcome of the disease, and immunological reaction of
organism to the fungal infection. Our intention is to summarize the subject
and present the facts related to specific problems in dermatomycosis.
The effect of nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on the gastrointestinal parasites in sheep
Authors: Lalosevic Vesna , Jarak Mirjana , Djuric Simonida , Obradovic Nemanja
Published: June 2011

Sheep production has serious problems due to the spread of intestinal
parasites. These parasites cause loss of appetite, maldigestion, slow growth
in body weight and wool, all of which results in economic losses as well. The
control measures of infestation with strongyloid parasites in ruminants have
until now been based mainly on the organization of grazing and the use of
antihelmintics. However, due to the occurrence of resistance, alternative
methods of control have been introduced. The use of nematophagous fungus
Duddingtonia flagrans, which is capable of decreasing the number of
infectious larvae and eggs in feces, has been successful. The aim of this
study was to determine whether Duddingtonia flagrans decreases the number of
eggs of Trichostrongylus spp in sheep feces. Fecal samples of thirty-four
sheep were examined and the parasites were found in twelve sheep, six of
which were fed with the fungus, and six of which were used as the control.
According to ?2 test, at the level of certainty of p<0,005, a statistically
important difference in the number of eggs was observed between the sheep
which were given the fungus and those which were not.
Interaction between mycotoxins and causative agents of swine infective diseases
Authors: Prodanov-Radulovic Jasna , Dosen Radoslav , Stojanov Igor , Pusic Ivan , Zivkov-Balos Milica , Ratajac Radomir
Published: June 2011

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that can contaminate animal
feeds at all stages of food production chain. Consumption of feed
contaminated with mycotoxins may result in immunosuppression, which
represents a predisposing factor for occurence of infectious diseases in
livestock. The influence on immune system is of special interest in swine
industry. The technology on swine farms demands frequent vaccinations, which
may be a problem in the case of immunocompromised animals. The aim of this
paper was evaluation of mycotoxin influence on swine farms, as secondary
factors for destabilization of animals? immunological system. Material for
this research included the samples from five swine farms, where health
disorders, i.e. clinical and patomorphological signs resembling the problem
with infectious diseases in different swine categories, were detected. The
applied research methods included: epidemiological and clinical evaluation,
pathomorphological examination, laboratory testing of bacteriological and
virusological tissue originating from dead animals, and microbiological feed
testing in order to examine the presence of fungi and mycotoxins. The
obtained results indicated the existence of positive interaction between
mycotoxins and causative agents of swine infective diseases. Despite
continual pharmaco- and immunoprophylaxis in swine, the health problems of
bacterial ethiology (colibacilosis, enteroxemia, dysentery, pneumonia,
endometritis) were detected. From an epidemiological point of view, the
presence of mycotoxins in animal feed may induce a breakdown of active
immunity and occurrence of disease even in properly vaccinated animals.
Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extract of Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murill
Authors: Siljegovic Jovana , Stojkovic Dejan , Nikolic Milos , Glamoclija Jasmina , Sokovic Marina , Ciric Ana
Published: June 2011

Wood-rotting basidiomycete, Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murill., also
known as chicken of the woods, is known for its nutritional value. In this
study, aqueous extract obtained from L. sulphureus was investigated for its
antimicrobial properties using microdilution in vitro assay. Plant, animal
and human pathogens, as well as food spoilage agents, were tested. Aqueous
extract obtained from L. sulphureus showed strong activity against the tested
microorganisms in a dose dependent manner. Considering that there is a
constant emerging of pathogen resistance to the known synthetic agents, there
is an undeniable need for new therapeutical drugs and preservatives in food
industry. Thus, these results that indicate activity of natural products may
be of practical use.
Issues in Lessor Accounting: The Forgotten Half of Lease Accounting
Authors: Bauman Mark P , Francis Richard N
Published: June 2011

SYNOPSIS

In July 2006, the International Accounting Standards Board and the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “Boards”) added a leasing project to their agenda. In August 2010, the Boards jointly released an exposure draft proposing a “right-of-use” model for the recognition of lease-related assets and liabilities. In their deliberations, the Boards noted numerous studies focusing on lessee accounting, but very little research examining lessor-related topics. To address this gap in the literature, this paper identifies key reporting and disclosure issues associated with lessors, and suggests improvements that could be incorporated into lease accounting guidance.

This study is based on an analysis of the financial statement disclosures of 57 of the 100 largest equipment lessors in the U.S. market. Disclosure quality, residual values, and the balance sheet impact of the proposal are examined, and numerous suggestions are offered to enhance the usefulness of lessor financial statement disclosures for decision makers.
Capacity Costs with Time-Based and Use-Based Asset Value Attrition
Authors: DeBruine Marinus , Sopariwala Parvez R
Published: June 2011

SYNOPSIS

Traditional depreciation methods used by financial accounting as well as the capacity-based depreciation method recommended by managerial accounting literature assume that assets either lose value due to obsolescence or wear and tear. Recognizing that many assets lose value due to both obsolescence and use, Balakrishnan, Sivaramakrishnan, and Sunder, in the September 2004 issue of Accounting Horizons, propose a granularity framework that creates a nonlinear allocation by simultaneously considering an asset's use-based and time-based losses. However, their approach over-allocates and assigns all resource costs to periods before its usefulness has expired. We introduce several adjustments to the Balakrishnan et al. (2004) methodology with the notion of “flexibility value” and a partitioning of the cost of the acquired resources into a time-based and use-based component that avoids any over-allocation of resource costs. This approach also permits a further partitioning of those expired costs into costs that should be allocated to production or products and costs that should be allocated to periods as cost of unused or idle capacity—that is, to produce more accurate product costs for pricing and planning purposes. Finally, we offer a real-world example for partitioning a resource's acquisition cost into a use-based component and a time-based component.
Is Enhanced Audit Quality Associated with Greater Real Earnings Management?
Authors: Chi Wuchun , Lisic Ling Lei , Pevzner Mikhail
Published: June 2011

SYNOPSIS

We examine whether firms resort to real earnings management when their ability to manage accruals is constrained by higher quality auditors. In settings involving strong upward earnings management incentives, i.e., for firms that meet or just beat earnings benchmarks and firms that issue seasoned equities, we find that city-level auditor industry expertise and audit fees are associated with higher levels of real earnings management. We find similar, albeit weaker, results for the Big N auditors. Our paper suggests an unintended consequence of higher quality auditors constraining accrual earnings management, namely, firms resorting to potentially even more costly real earnings management. We also find that longer auditor tenure is associated with greater real earnings management, which could suggest merits of mandating audit firm rotation.

JEL Classifications: M40; M41.
Financial Analysts Need Sharper Accounting Tools
Authors: Mosso David
Published: June 2011

SYNOPSIS

This paper explores the implications of a wealth accounting model on comparability for several key aspects of financial analysis such as restraining, accounting manipulation, and unifying merger and acquisition accounting. The paper extends the analysis of wealth accounting for individual companies to explore the implications for the capital markets at large, suggesting, for one thing, that wealth accounting financial statements would emit early warning signals of approaching financial crises. And, suggesting for another, that wealth accounting statements would serve as rolling stress tests to help the markets self- regulate, reducing the need for government regulation and at the same time helping regulators formulate more effective regulatory policies.

These proposals are revolutionary and would generate fierce opposition from the corporate financial reporting community. The paper explores the current political scene and concludes that the time may be ripe for a concerted effort to convince the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Financial Accounting Standards Board to elevate the interests of investors and creditors above the interests of corporate financial statement preparers that they now seem to favor, in fact if not by intent. The paper suggests that financial analysts and academic accountants should join forces to lead a reform effort.
Reporting of General Infrastructure Assets under GASB Statement No. 34
Authors: Vermeer Thomas E , Patton Terry K , Styles Alan K
Published: June 2011

SYNOPSIS

GASBS No. 34 represents a dramatic shift in the way state and local governments report and present general infrastructure assets. Using Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports for the 50 states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia, we find that financial statement users are unable to determine the extent of retroactive capitalization of these assets due to the lack of detailed disclosures provided by these governments. Comparing the status of infrastructure assets among the governments is also extremely difficult because governments using depreciation accounting have significant variation in the maximum useful lives of these assets and governments choosing the modified approach use different measurement methods and baselines. Given the need for comparability across governments and Standard & Poor's concern about how governments identify capital assets and their depreciation assumptions and processes, we suggest the GASB explicitly require governments to disclose the extent that infrastructure assets are capitalized and consider whether it is feasible to provide a list of acceptable measurement scales and condition levels for the modified approach. We also suggest that government officials and auditors further examine whether governments are meeting the requirements of the modified approach and whether the useful lives adopted for depreciation accounting are consistent with the physical lives of these assets. By enhancing the reporting transparency for infrastructure assets, governments can significantly increase the usefulness of these disclosures.
The Challenges of Competitiveness in Southeast European Countries
Authors: Kersan-Škabić Ines , Tijanić Lela
Published: June 2011

The Challenges of Competitiveness in Southeast European Countries

The article examines the problem of competitiveness in Southeast European countries, with a special emphasis on the position of these countries in World Economic Forum rankings of competitiveness, as well on their potential membership in the European Union. The article determines the most problematic factors for doing business in the region. These factors represent the most important determinants of business sector competitiveness and have implications on national competitiveness. A TOWS matrix was created and established the common characteristics (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the countries in the region. The matrix was also used to suggest strategies for increasing competitiveness. A maxi-maxi strategy ("expansionary strategy") was suggested because it represents the best way to utilise the countries' strengths and opportunities. Cross-section analysis established that increasing gross enrolment ratio in tertiary education and direct foreign investments have the most the positive impacts on GCI scores.
Internal and External Supervisory Mechanisms in Corporate Governance
Authors: Tipurić Darko , Tušek Boris , Filipović Davor
Published: June 2011

Internal and External Supervisory Mechanisms in Corporate Governance

Good corporate governance depends on well balanced relations between supervisory mechanisms in the corporate governance process. Relations between the supervisory board, as the internal supervisory mechanism, and external auditing, as the external supervisory mechanism, are crucial for the development of good corporate governance practice. This paper focuses on analyzing the relationship between the supervisory board and external auditing in order to determine the current state of that relationship in the Republic of Croatia and to determine possible guidelines for improving the relationship between the supervisory board and external auditing in practice. In addition, this study analyzes the relationship between the supervisory board and external auditing, which could lead to the maximum efficiency of both the supervisory board and external auditing and tests that relationship in practice using publicly traded companies in Croatia. This study also analyzes the impact of the audit committee on the efficiency of the supervisory board and external auditing.
Status of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato in the Western Hills of Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Sita R , Subedi Phul Prasad , Green Sylvia K
Published: June 2011

Tomato cultivation in rainy season is being endangered and is becoming less profitable because of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection. Studies were conducted at Agriculture Research Station, Lumle to assess the incidence of TYLCV and associated yield losses in various commercial tomato growing pockets of the western hills during the period of 1995 and 1997. The studies revealed a high incidence of the disease in most tomato growing pockets and yield losses of 40% or even higher have been reported in some areas like Risingpatan, Tanahun and Kudule, of western hills of Nepal. Laboratory analysis of the diseased samples by Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center revealed the presence of three different strains of TYLCV: Banglore I, Banglore II and Sri Lanka in the western hills. The TYLCV vector, whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gen.), was found active throughout the crop growing period in some commercial tomato growing pockets. Therefore, research on the development of effective TYLCV management technology is needed to sustain rainy season tomato cultivation in the western hills of Nepal.Key words: Bemisia tabaci; Lycopersicon esculentum; Tomato; Yellow leaf curl virus; WhiteflyDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4856Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 1-4Uploaded date: 8 June, 2011
Response of Rice Varieties to Age of Seedlings and Transplanting Dates
Authors: Shah Mishri L , Yadav Rambaran
Published: June 2011

A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur in 1998/99 and 1999/00 with an aim to find out the alternate management practices to compensate the loss in the grain yield due to flood. Irrespective of the varieties and transplanting dates, age of seedlings had no effect on grain yield of rice. But transplanting dates had significant effect on grain and grain contributing characters. The yield of rice transplanted at 1 Sept was 25.6 and 37.5% less in 1998/99 and 1999/00 respectively as compared to rice grain yield of 14 July transplanting. Radha 11 registered the highest grain yield of 4086 kg ha-1 in 1999/00 and 2662 kg ha-1 in 1998/99, which was at par to the yield obtained by Sabitri at the same year. The interaction effect of the age of seedlings, transplanting dates and varieties were found significant in both the years. 25 days old seedlings transplanted on 14 July in 1999/00 of rice varieties Masuli and Radha 11, produced statistically the similar yield. Radha 11 was the best among the tested varieties. 25 days old seedlings of Masuli, Basmati, Sabitri and Radha 11 can be recommended to transplant as late as Sept 1 .Key words: Age of seedlings; Rice; Transplanting datesDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4858Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 14-17Uploaded date: 7 June, 2011
Honeybee Flora at Kabre, Dolakha District
Authors: Bista Sanjaya , Shivakoti Gopal P
Published: June 2011

Adequate knowledge about bee flora is the prerequisite to initiate bee keeping. A study was conducted at Kabre area of Dolakha district during 1997-1999 to identify existing bee flora and develop a floral calendar. Based on the interview with bee farmers and visual observations, 119 important plant species were recorded, out of which 47 species were found major sources for honeybees. Spring season (mid-March to mid-June) and autumn season (mid-Sept to Oct) were identified as honey flow periods having a number of floral plants such as Guizotia abyssinica, Fraxinus floribunda, Prunus cerasoides, Pyrus communis, Castanopsis indica, Brassica spp., Citrus spp., Berberis spp., Rubus spp., Rhododendron spp. and Trifolium spp. Winter season (mid- Nov to Feb) is the critical dearth period with a few flowering plants like Reinwardtia indica, Pogestemon glaber, Caesalpinia spp. and Eupatorium spp. Depending upon the climatic conditions, possibility of planting multipurpose plants has been discussed. Based on available flora, major characteristics of these plant species, utility status and flowering duration a bee floral calendar was developed for Kabre. To conserve these floras, attention must be made to maintain and multiply the existing flora.Key words: Apis cerana; Bee flora; Bee keeping; Dearth period; Honey flowDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4859Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 18-25Uploaded date: 8 June, 2011
Use of Botanicals for the Management of Pulse Beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.) in Lentil
Authors: Paneru Ram B , Shivakoti Gopal P
Published: June 2011

Some plant materials, sweet flag (Acorus calamus), goat weed (Ageratum conyzoids), lantana (Lantana camara), Indian privet (Vitex negundo), mug-wort (Artimisia vulgaris), chinaberry (Melia azederach), rice husk ash, mustard (Brassica spp.) oil and neem (Azadirechta indica) oil were evaluated for their effects against pulse beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus F.). The powder or oil from the above plant materials were thoroughly admixed at the rate of 0.5, 1 and 2% w/w or v/w with lentil grains. Randomly selected 25 pulse beetle adults were exposed to the grains for each concentration of the main treatment. Rhizome powder of sweet flag, rice husk ash and mustard oil showed a significant effect in killing the pulse beetle within a week at 0.5, 1 and 2% concentrations. Neem oil was found very effective with 100% mortality of the beetle within two days. Other tested materials also showed insect killing properties but the effect was comparatively lower than that of sweet flag rhizome powder, mustard oil, neem oil and rice husk ash.Key words: Botanicals; Callosobruchus maculates; Lentil; Pulse beetleDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4860Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 27-30Uploaded date: 8 June, 2011
Sustaining Wheat Productivity and Maintaining Soil Fertility in Maize-Wheat System
Authors: Tripathi Bhaba P , Tuladhar Junu K
Published: June 2011

Field experiments on maize-wheat system were carried out in rainfed upland (bari) at Agricultural Research Station, Lumle for three years (1994/95-1996/97) to determine the effect of different quality organic materials on maize and wheat yields and soil properties. Wheat grain yield significantly differed over years and the highest mean grain yield (1.98 t ha-1) was recorded in the treatment of mixture of low and high quality organic materials (maize + leaf litter, farmyard manure). Maize and wheat grain as well as straw yield significantly differed over years. In all the three years, the mixture of low and high quality organic materials produced the highest grain yield of maize plus wheat ranging from 6.72 to 2.20 t ha-1 with mean yield of 4.43 t ha-1. Mean N uptake by wheat grain and straw ranged from 32.2 to 40.4 kg ha-1 and 13.8 to 16.0 kg ha-1, respectively in different treatments. Similarly, mean P uptake by wheat grain was the highest (25.4 kg ha-1) in the mixture treatment while mean P uptake by wheat straw was the highest (26.5 kg ha-1) in low quality organic materials. Mean soil pH after wheat harvest was the lowest (5.1) in the low quality organic material. Organic carbon and available P ranged from 3.4 to 3.7% and from 329 to 370 ppm, respectively in different treatments while total N and exchangeable K increased to 0.31% and 0.2 me/100g, respectively with the application of low quality organic material. The three years result showed that semi-decomposed organic materials were more efficient in improving and stabilizing production of wheat and maize yields in maize-wheat system as well as in maintaining N fertility than high quality organic materials.Key words: Maize-wheat system; Organic materials; Soil fertility; SustainabilityDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4861Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 31-36Uploaded date: 8 June, 2011
Management of Botrytis Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea Pers. Ex. Fr.) of Chickpea at Tarahara, Nepal
Authors: Chaurasia Prem CP , Joshi Sharada
Published: June 2011

An experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replications at loamy soil of Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarahara, Nepal during 1997/98 and1998/99 seasons to find out the effect of bioagent Trichoderma viride as compared to fungicide Bavistin (carbendazim) for management of Botrytis gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum). Treatments were use of water spray (check), three sprays of T. viride (107-108 spores/ml of water), three sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2%, three sprays of Bavistin @ 0.1% + T. viride, two sprays of Bavistin @ 0.2% and two sprays of T. viride. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was the least (193.6) with three sprays of Bavistin (0.2%) followed by two sprays of Bavistin (0.2%) and three sprays of Bavistin + T. viride (216.9). The highest mean grain yield of 267.3 kg ha-1 was produced by three sprays of Bavistin + T. viride followed by three sprays of Bavistin. Three sprays of T. viride was inferior to three and two sprays of Bavistin but it was at par with two sprays of T. viride with respect to grain yield production and reduction of Botrytis gray mold severity. When AUDPC was regressed against grain yield, a negative correlation was obtained between the disease and the grain yield. The correlation coefficients for the disease and yields during 1997/98 and 1998/99 respectively were -0.583, and -0.490.Key words: Botrytis gray mold; Chickpea; TrichodermaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4867Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 37-41Uploaded date: 9 June, 2011
Characteristics of Ralstonia solanacearum Strains of Potato Wilt Disease from Nepal and Thailand
Authors: Dhital Shambhu P , Thaveechai Nanda , Shrestha Sundar K
Published: June 2011

Characterization of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of potato bacterial wilt disease from Nepal and Thailand was performed based on pathogenicity, biochemical/physiological and serological tests. Fifteen R. solanacearum strains isolated from wilt infected potato plants and tubers grown in Nepal were characterized as race 3, biovar II based on the pathogenicity on different host plants, hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaf and utilization of some sugars. Results of pathogenicity test show that all strains from Nepal had limited host range. Degree of virulence of all strains varied from high to medium in potato and tomato and medium to low in eggplant. They did not cause wilting in tobacco, pepper and peanut plants. Six strains from Thailand were characterized as biovar II and III. Additionally, comparisons on the physiological, biological and serological characters of seven strains from Nepal and six from Thailand revealed similar characters. Race 3 and biovar II of the pathogen was widely spread over potato growing areas of mid and high hills of Nepal. Both biovars II and III were prevalent in the potato growing areas of Thailand but biovar III was the most dominating one.Key words: Bacterial wilt; Potato; Pseudomonas solanacearum; Ralstonia solanacearumDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4868Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 42-47Uploaded date: 9 June, 2011
Genetic Variability and Heritability in Sugarcane
Authors: Chaudhary Rewati R
Published: June 2011

Thirty-two genotypes were evaluated in a replicated trial at Sugarcane Research Program, Jitpur, Bara, Nepal in 2000-2001 to estimate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, heritability and genetic advance for seven stalk characters in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L). Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between genotypes for all the characters studied. Genotypic variance was higher than environmental one for cane yield, millable cane number, single cane weight, stalk diameter and stalk length. A single cane weight, germination at 45 days after planting and millable cane number had high genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation. High heritability estimates were recorded for millable cane number, stalk diameter and single cane weight. Maximum genetic gain as percent of mean was observed for single cane weight and millable cane number.Key words: Genetic advance; Genetic variability; Heritability; SugarcaneDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4870Nepal Agriculture Research Journal Vol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 56-59Uploaded date: 9 June, 2011
Effect of Different Feed Ingredients on the Growth of Caged Common Carp
Authors: Rai Ashok K , Bista Jaya D
Published: June 2011

To know the effect of four different fish feed, nine months old common carp about 47 g size were stocked at the stocking density of 12 fish m-3 in the cages and cultured in Lake Phewa for 175 days. Four different feed ingredients used were fish meal + soybean + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour, fish meal + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour, soybean + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour and commercial cattle feed. The crude protein ranges from 23 to 32.2%. 32.2% protein content feed containing ingredients of fish meal + soybean + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour was better for the fish growth (0.30 g day-1) but was the lowest survival rate (65.4%) followed by 27.1% protein content feed containing fish meal + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour (0.23 g day-1). 26.2% protein content feed containing soybean + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour without animal protein was the poorest growth rate (0.17 g day-1) with the highest survival rate (95.7%) among the tested feed. It was observed that feed with higher protein level was better for the fish growth and the growth of the fish was different significantly among the treatments except the treatment fish meal + oil cake + rice bran + wheat flour and commercial cattle feed. The common carp fish cultured in cages through artificial feed was not satisfactory. It digs and burrows the pond embankments and sides in search of organic matter that makes pond turbid.Key words: Cage fish culture; Common carp; Feed ingredientsDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v4i0.4871Nepal Agriculture Research JournalVol. 4&5, 2001/2002Page: 60-63Uploaded date: 9 June, 2011
The cardiovascular epidemic with particular emphasis on the Muslim world
Authors: Rashid ARA
Published: June 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7800 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.65-71
Diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Salma U , Xu D , Sheikh MSA
Published: June 2011

Intrauterine adhesions develop as a result of intrauterine trauma. The degree of adhesion formation and the impact of the adhesions on the contour of uterine cavity vary greatly. It has been reported that intra abdominal adhesions occur in 60–90% of women who have undergone major gynecological procedures. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of severe intrauterine adhesions. Effective methods for preventing adhesions, a variety of surgical techniques and agents have been advocated for the prevention of intrauterine adhesion formation. The present review indicates that there is still no single modality proven to be unequivocally effective in preventing post-operative adhesion formation either for laparoscopic or for hysteroscopic use. Hopefully, the increasing understanding of the future emphasis will probably be on a multimodality therapy, including the use of pharmacologic adjutants in conjunction with a barrier material tailored to the specific operative procedure and a precise surgical technique. Key words: Intrauterine adhesion; hysteroscopy; Pharmacologic adjutants. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7801 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.72-82
Prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity in Solapur District, Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Patil SS , Nikam SA , Dama SB , Chondekar RP , Kirdak RV , Dama LB
Published: June 2011

Background: Hepatitis B virus is a partially double-stranded circular DNA virus and is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family. The virus consists of a core capsid which contains viral DNA and this is surrounded by an envelope containing surface antigen (HBsAg). Both whole, incomplete virus particles, consisting entirely of HBsAg, are produced during replication of HBV. The HBsAg particles vary greatly in morphology and are found in high concentrations in early acute infection and continue to be produced in chronic disease.1 Objectives: Diagnostic potential of Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity and its prevalence was evaluated among volunteers from various localities in Solapur District, Maharashtra State, India. Methodology: The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied from Solapur, Maharashtra State, India, among 767 volunteers (male 470 and female 297), aged 05-55 years volunteers, who required medical check-ups. Blood samples, collected during March to May 2010, were tested for HBsAg using a third-generation ELISA kit. Results: Of the 767 volunteers, male 1.82% and female 1.17% were positive for HBsAg. The results revealed that hepatitis B infection in the target group was below the intermediate endemicity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that proper training of new entrants in the medical field can be pivotal in preventing HBsAg and it is advocated that a programme for education, vaccination and prophylaxis must be implemented in all healthcare set ups. Key words: HBsAg; Hepatitis B surface antigen; HEPALISA; Jaundice; seroprevalence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7803 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.91-94
Testicular oxidative stress in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with bitter melon (Momordica charantia): the effect of antioxidant supplementation
Authors: Yama OE , Duru FIO , Oremosu AA , Noronha CC
Published: June 2011

Objective: An important mediator of testicular injury is oxidative stress; the implicating pathway has been pointed at a free radical mechanism by researchers. This article, investigates the effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) (MC) seed extract and antioxidant supplementation in the testes of Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rat. Methodology: Ninety male S-D rats, weighing between 110- 214 g, were assigned randomly into six main Groups A to F. Group A was administered 50 mg/100 g of MC extract orally, between 6 to 16 weeks. Group B were pre-treated with ascorbic acid (AA) 0.01mg/kg, three days/week, α-tocopherol (AT) 20 mg/kg, five days/week and both test solutions (TS) i.e. AA and AT; 0.01 and 20 mg/kg, three and five days/week for 8 weeks. This was followed by administration of the extract at dose and duration as in A. Group C received the extract for 8 weeks and afterwards post-treated for another 8 weeks with AA, AT and both TS (as above). Group D in addition to the extract administration were treated with AA, AT and both TS in dose and duration similar to B above. Group E had AA, AT and both TS alone for 8 weeks. Group F served as the control subjects. The animals testicular tissues were processed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and AA concentrations. Serum testosterone (TT) assay was done from left ventricular blood. Results: The extract administered for 6, 8 and 16 weeks produced significantly (p < 0.05) increased testicular MDA (1.74 ± 1.15, 1.84 ± 0.38 and 2.38 ± 0.40) compared to control (0.38 ± 0.02, 0.38 ± 0.03 and 0.35 ± 0.02) and decreased AA (0.01± 0.02, 0.01± 0.01 and 0.00± 0.01) compared to control (0.15 ± 0.02, 0.12 ± 0.02 and 0.13 ± 0.02). There was also an associated significant decrease (p < 0.05) in peripheral TT levels compared to control. The extract produced responses that showed no prophylactic rather modulatory effect with TS. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the extract resulted in changes in the testicular oxidative status. This may play a role in testicular dysfunction that may compromise fertility. Key words: Momordica charantia; malondialdehyde; ascorbic acid; testosterone. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v10i2.7805 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.10 No.2 Apr’11 pp.104-111