bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Algorithm for Optimizing Urban District and Block Morphology to Minimize Solar Radiation Access and Maximize Building Floor Area in the UAE
Authors: Taleb Hanan M. , Kayed Mays , Baba Fuad
Published: December 2024

Due to climate change, enhancing outdoor and indoor thermal comfort is increasingly important. Solar radiation drives temperature increases, making solar exposure reduction essential in urban design. Most previous research has focused on parametric analysis to optimize small urban blocks, often overlooking the impact of the overall urban district (UD) on reducing Solar Radiation Access (SRA). This work aims to find the optimized UD to minimize SRA and maximize Floor Area (FA). The proposed methodology is developed to achieve these objective functions using a single-objective Genetic Algorithm (GA) with three street layout patterns: random, radial, and grid layout. Further SRA analysis is conducted at the urban block level, focusing on blocks with the highest SRA in the optimized UD to achieve further SRA reduction while maintaining the same FA. Dubai Silicon Oasis district in the UAE was selected as a case study. Elk2-0.3.1 (GIS data), Ladybug (1.7.0), DeCodingSpaces-Toolbox (2021.10), and Galapagos (1.0.0007) Plugins in Grasshopper (0.9.0076) were used. The results show that the radial street pattern achieved better results with an 8.4% reduction in SRA with an 8.9% increase in FA. Additional analysis of the blocks with the highest SRA can achieve an additional 7.4% reduction in SRA.
Finite Element Simulation of Fracture Behavior of Cordierite–Belite Core–Shell Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Hu Guang , Zhong Haoxuan , Wang Weilong , Huang Yanling , Gu Tao , Zhang Gaoyin , Luo Xu , Liu Laibao , Zhang Lihua
Published: December 2024

The cordierite–belite core-shell lightweight aggregate (CSLWA) effectively improves the performance of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in lightweight aggregate concrete; however, the underlying fracture behavior still needs to be revealed. This study characterized the reinforced mechanical properties of ITZ by CSLWA through nanoindentation and interfacial fracture tests and the reinforcement mechanism was further explained using finite element analysis. The results showed that the continuous hydration of the belite shell of CSLWA enhanced the yield stress and improved the failure strain during fracture. Energy dissipation was observed during the fracture of CSLWA concrete, improving the brittleness of the lightweight aggregate concrete. Finite element analysis showed that the core strength of CSLWA changed the energy dissipation model and affected the toughness of CSLWA concrete, and a suitable composition of 6:4 was proposed for the “cordierite–anorthite” core constitution in CSLWA depending on the strength order between the cement matrix and core of the CSLWA.
Cultural Dimensions and Consumption Values of Cross-Border Electronic Commerce: A Canonical Analysis
Authors: Hung Chia-Liang
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research is to explore the fitting models for cross-border e-commerce by developing localized business strategies tailored to cultural factors. The study adopts Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions along with Sheth et al.’s five consumption value dimensions. A canonical correlation analysis is employed to identify the fitting relationships between cultural dimensions and consumer values. The targeting samples focus on the rapidly growing Southeast Asian economy. The results indicate differences in cultural dimensions among countries like Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Myanmar. The canonical correlation analysis reveals fitting combinations for each region: Taiwan’s higher individualism, masculinity, and long-term orientation align with demands for functional, conditional, and emotional values in e-commerce. Vietnam’s high risk-taking propensity fits demands for conditional and epistemic values. Malaysia and Indonesia, with similar cultural profiles, are highly correlated with consumer demands in functional and emotional values, with Malaysia additionally emphasizing epistemic value. Myanmar’s high masculinity and long-term orientation correlate with demands for functional, emotional, and conditional values, while its low power distance links to demands for social and epistemic values. Overall, the study shows that there is no fixed correspondence between cultural dimensions and consumption values in e-commerce. Optimal configurations vary, emphasizing the importance of tailored strategies to promote e-commerce development across different regions.
Transfusion-Related Cost and Time Burden Offsets in Patients with Myelofibrosis Treated with Momelotinib in the SIMPLIFY-1 and SIMPLIFY-2 Trials
Authors: Masarova Lucia , Liu Tom , Fillbrunn Mirko , Li Weilong , Sajeev Gautam , Rao Sumati , Gorsh Boris , Signorovitch James
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Red blood cell transfusions for anemia impose high financial and healthcare resource utilization burdens on patients with myelofibrosis (MF). This study estimates projected differences in medical costs and transfusion-related cost and time burdens with momelotinib vs. ruxolitinib or best available therapy (BAT) in Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor–naive and –experienced patients. Methods: Analyses used 24-week transfusion data from the phase 3 SIMPLIFY-1 and SIMPLIFY-2 trials and cost estimates from a study of adult patients with MF using the US IBM MarketScan Commercial database. The analyses were stratified by transfusion status at baseline (transfusion dependent [TD], transfusion independent/requiring [TI/TR]). Subgroup analyses were conducted among patients with anemia (moderate anemia, hemoglobin ≥ 8 to <10 g/dL; moderate-to-severe anemia, hemoglobin < 10 g/dL) and for patients aged ≥65 years. Cost estimates for patients aged ≥65 years were extracted from a study using the Medicare Fee-for-Service database. Results: In JAK inhibitor-naive patients, momelotinib was projected to result in cost and time savings vs. ruxolitinib in both TD and TI/TR patients across all populations evaluated. Projected cost and time savings were also observed with momelotinib vs. BAT in JAK inhibitor-experienced patients across all populations evaluated, primarily in TD patients. Conclusions: These results suggest that momelotinib may provide medical and transfusion-related cost and time burden offsets for both JAK inhibitor-naive and -experienced patients with MF.
Pathobiological Features and Therapeutic Opportunities Linked to TNF Family Member Expression in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Alibrahim Mohamed N. , Gloghini Annunziata , Carbone Antonino
Published: December 2024

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, which includes 19 ligands and 29 receptors, influences cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The TNF family plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), particularly through its influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hodgkin Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells, the hallmark of classic HL (cHL), exhibit overexpression of TNF receptor family members such as CD30 and CD40. Given the critical roles of CD30 and CD40 in the survival and proliferation of HRS cells within the TME, targeting these TNF receptors represents a promising therapeutic strategy; therapies that target CD30 have already shown efficacy in clinical settings. The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis plays a crucial role in immune evasion by HRS cells, which express PD-L1 that interacts with PD-1 on T cells, leading to T cell exhaustion and a diminished immune response against the tumor. By blocking this interaction, checkpoint inhibitors such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab have demonstrated high response rates in patients with cHL, particularly in those who have not responded to conventional therapies. The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with standard chemotherapy regimens has improved outcomes for patients with advanced-stage cHL. By understanding how TNF signaling interacts with immune checkpoints, researchers can design more effective treatment regimens that simultaneously target multiple pathways. Combining TNF inhibitors with checkpoint blockade therapies may enhance the overall anti-tumor response by addressing both direct tumor signaling and the immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells.
A High-Throughput Immune-Oncology Screen Identifies Immunostimulatory Properties of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Agents in TNBC
Authors: Bullock Kennady K. , Hasaka Thomas , Days Emily , Bauer Joshua A. , Ward Patricia A. , Richmond Ann
Published: December 2024

Background: Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) typically have a greater immune cell infiltrate and are more likely to respond to immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) than ER+ or HER2+ breast cancers. However, there is a crucial need to optimize combining chemotherapy strategies with ICI to enhance overall survival in TNBC. Methods: Therefore, we developed a high-throughput co-culture screening assay to identify compounds that enhance CD8+ T-cell-mediated tumor cell cytotoxicity. Over 400 FDA-approved compounds or agents under investigation for oncology indications were included in the screening library. Results: Four chemotherapy agents were chosen as priority hits for mechanistic follow-up due to their ability to enhance T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity at multiple doses and multiple time points: paclitaxel, bleomycin sulfate, ispinesib, and etoposide. Lead compounds affected the expression of MHCI, MHCII, and PD-L1 and induced markers of immunogenic cell death (extracellular ATP or HMGB1). Conclusions: Based on the ability to increase tumor cell susceptibility to T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity while minimizing T-cell toxicity, bleomycin was identified as the most promising lead candidate. Overall, the results of these studies provide mechanistic insight into potential new chemotherapy partners to enhance anti-PD-1 efficacy in TNBC patients.
The Downregulation of CRIF1 Exerts Antitumor Effects Partially via TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator Induction in BT549 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Piao Shuyu , Kim Seonhee , Vu Giang-Huong , Kim Minsoo , Lee Eun-Ok , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Kim Cuk-Seong
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been exploited as a therapeutic target in cancer treatments because of its crucial role in tumorigenesis. CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1), a mitochondrial ribosomal subunit protein, is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity. However, the mechanism of CRIF1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remains unclear. Methods/Results: We showed that the downregulation of CRIF1 reduced cell proliferation in the TNBC cell lines MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and, especially, BT549. In addition, wound scratch and Transwell assays showed that CRIF1 deficiency inhibited the migration and invasion of BT549 cells. CRIF1 downregulation resulted in the suppression of mitochondrial bioenergetics in BT549 cells, specifically affecting the inhibition of OXPHOS complexes I and II. This was evidenced by a decrease in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate and the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Damage to mitochondria resulted in a lower adenosine triphosphate level and an elevated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In addition, CRIF1 deficiency decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α accumulation, NADPH synthesis, and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) expression in BT549 cells. These events contributed to G0/G1-phase cell cycle inhibition and the upregulation of the cell cycle protein markers p53, p21, and p16. Transfection with a TIGAR overexpression plasmid reversed these effects and prevented CRIF1 downregulation-induced proliferation and migration reduction. Conclusions: These results indicate that blocking mitochondrial OXPHOS synthesis via CRIF1 may have a therapeutic antitumor effect in BT549 TNBC cells.
Comprehensive Assessment of Cannabidiol and HU308 in Acute and Chronic Colitis Models: Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanistic Innovations
Authors: Thapa Dinesh , Patil Mohan , Warne Leon N , Carlessi Rodrigo , Falasca Marco
Published: December 2024

Cannabinoids are emerging as promising treatments for inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis. Specifically, cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors, which are upregulated during inflammation, have been distinctively linked to anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. HU308, a synthetic cannabinoid developed to activate CB2 receptors selectively, aims to minimize unwanted off-target side effects. This study evaluated the effectiveness of both cannabidiol (CBD) and HU308 in mouse models of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis, which mimic the acute and chronic phases of ulcerative colitis. Mice were treated with DSS in drinking water (four percent for the acute model and one to two percent for the chronic model) to induce colitis, as indicated by increased disease activity index (DAI) scores and inflammatory markers. Treatment with 60 mg/kg of CBD, but not lower doses, significantly reduced colitis symptoms, such as inflammation, cytokine levels, and MPO activity, while also normalizing glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. HU308 showed comparable efficacy to high-dose CBD (60 mg/kg) but at a much lower dose (2.5 mg/kg), without observable toxicity. HU308 effectively normalized DAI scores, colon inflammation, ammonia levels, and GLP-1 expression in both colitis models. These results suggest that both CBD and HU308 are promising treatments for ulcerative colitis. However, HU308 demonstrates enhanced therapeutic potential by achieving similar outcomes at a fraction of the dose required for CBD, reducing the risk of off-target side effects. The ability of HU308 to modulate GLP-1, a biomarker of gut endocrine function, further underscores its promise as a novel treatment option.
Novel Optical Criteria and Mechanisms of Critical Decline in Liver Regenerative Potential
Authors: Rodimova Svetlana , Kozlova Vera , Bobrov Nikolai , Kozlov Dmitry , Mozherov Artem , Elagin Vadim , Shchechkin Ilya , Kuzmin Dmitry , Gavrina Alena , Zagainov Vladimir , Zagaynova Elena , Kuznetsova Daria
Published: December 2024

The most effective method of treating tumors localized in the liver remains resection. However, in the presence of concomitant pathology, the regenerative potential of the liver is significantly reduced. To date, there is insufficient fundamental data on the mechanisms responsible for the disruption of liver regeneration, and there is no effective method for assessing its regenerative potential. The most suitable model for these purposes is acute liver injury (ALI). Modern non-contrast methods of multiphoton microscopy with second harmonic generation and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) modes enable intravital evaluation of the metabolic status of the hepatocytes; therefore, this expands the possibilities for studying the processes occurring in cells during regeneration in the context of any pathologies.
DLP 3D-Printed Mullite Ceramics for the Preparation of MOFs Functionalized Monoliths for CO2 Capture
Authors: Bertero Arianna , Coppola Bartolomeo , Milovanov Yurii , Palmero Paola , Schmitt Julien , Tulliani Jean-Marc
Published: December 2024

The aim of this work is to compare the traditional uniaxial pressing with an innovative shaping technique, Digital Light Processing (DLP), in the preparation of porous mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) supports to be functionalized with an active coating for CO2 capture. Indeed, the fabrication of complex geometries with 3D-printing technologies allows the production of application-targeted solid sorbents with increased potentialities. Therefore, this research focused on the effect of the purity of the selected raw materials and of the microstructural porosity of 3D-printed ceramic substrates on the Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) coating efficiency. Two commercial mullite powders (Mc and Mf) differing in particle size distribution (D50 of 9.19 µm and 4.38 µm, respectively) and iron oxide content (0.67% and 0.38%) were characterized and used to produce the substrates, after ball-milling and calcination. Mc and Mf slurries were prepared with 69 wt% of solid loading and 5 wt% of dispersant: both show rheological behavior suitable for DLP and good printability. DLP 3D-printed and pressed pellets were sintered at three different temperatures: 1350 °C, 1400 °C and 1450 °C. Mf 3D-printed samples show slightly lower geometrical and Archimedes densities, compared to Mc pellets, probably due to the presence of lower Fe2O3 amounts and its effect as sintering aid. Mullite substrates were then successfully functionalized with HKUST-1 crystals by a two-step solvothermal synthesis process. Ceramic substrate porosity, depending on the shaping technique and opportunely tuned controlling the sintering temperature, was correlated with the functionalization efficiency in terms of MOFs deposition. Three-dimensional-printed substrates exhibit a higher and more homogeneous HKUST-1 uptake compared to the pressed pellets as DLP introduces desirable porosities able to enhance the functionalization. Therefore, this work provides preliminary guidelines to improve MOFs coating on mullite surfaces for CO2 capture applications, by opportunely tuning the substrate porosity.
The Impact of Using Laser and Milling Techniques to Create Zirconia Patterns on Streptococcus oralis Biofilm Formation
Authors: Silva Neusa , Marques Joana , Caramês João , Silva Filipe , Mata António , da Cruz Mariana Brito
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate zirconia dental implant surfaces patterned using Nd:YAG laser or conventional milling techniques against Streptococcus oralis adhesion and biofilm formation. Zirconia dental implant discs were subjected to surface patterning treatments and categorized into four groups: groove texturing by conventional milling (GM), pore texturing by conventional milling (PM), groove texturing by Nd:YAG laser (GL), and pore texturing by Nd: YAG laser (PL). Streptococcus oralis CECT 907T was cultivated on enriched blood agar plates and then transferred to a brain–heart infusion modified medium and incubated at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions until reaching the exponential growth phase. The bacterial suspension was then seeded on 24-well plates containing the treated discs. The viability of bacteria within the biofilm was determined based on colony-forming unit (CFU) counts, while the total biofilm was quantified by measuring its biomass. A qualitative analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images to evaluate the bacterial morphology. The statistical analysis of multigroup comparisons was performed using Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc pairwise comparison, as well as Mann Whiney U test, with significance set at p < 0.05. After both 1 h and 24 h of incubation of Streptococcus oralis on the discs, all groups showed similar results, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). A comparison of the Nd: YAG laser-treated surfaces with conventionally milled surfaces, as well as grooves versus pores for CFU counts, also revealed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) for both 1 h and 24 h of culture. Biomass quantification at both the 1 h and 24-h time points showed similar results across the groups, without statistical differences. When comparing the conventionally machined surfaces to Nd: YAG laser-treated surfaces in terms of biomass, no significant differences were observed (p > 0.05). Similarly, the comparison between groove-patterned surfaces and pore-patterned surfaces showed no statistically significant difference. The groove and pore patterns on zirconia surfaces with Nd: YAG laser or conventional milling did not change the Streptococcus oralis adhesion and biofilm formation behavior. Additional studies are recommended to expand our knowledge in this area.
Phenolic Constituents from Hypericum aucheri Jaub et. Spach—Isolation, Identification, and Preliminary Evaluation for hMAO-A/B and Neuroprotective Activity
Authors: Marinov Teodor , Kondeva-Burdina Magdalena , Kokanova-Nedialkova Zlatina , Nedialkov Paraskev T.
Published: December 2024

Three new acylated benzophenone O-glycosides named aucherosides A–C (4–6), together with five known compounds such as mangiferin (1), maclurin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (3), vanillic acid (7), and 5-hydroxy-2-isopropylchromone-7-O-β-glucoside (8), were isolated from the aerial parts of Hypericum aucheri Jaub. and Spach and identified with spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS). Compounds 2, 4–6, 8, and previously isolated from the title plant aucherines A–C (9–11), were tested for hMAO-A and B inhibitory effects and neuroprotection. All tested compounds (1 µM) did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on hMAO-A and showed significant inhibitory activity against the hMAO-B enzyme. Notably, compound 8 demonstrated the strongest hMAO-B inhibition, approaching that of the positive control selegiline. At high concentrations (100 µM), all tested compounds showed no neurotoxic or pro-oxidant effects on rat brain synaptosomes, mitochondria, and microsomes. All tested compounds exhibited good neuroprotective and antioxidant activities in various neurotoxicity models (6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity on synaptosomes, tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress on mitochondria, and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation on microsomes). The neuroprotective mechanisms of these compounds may include MAO-B inhibition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging, membrane stabilization, and preservation of reduced glutathione (GSH), the primary nucleophilic ROS scavenger.
Rapid and Accurate Prediction of the Melting Point for Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids by Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Yin Jie , Zhang Xinmiao , Qiu Wenxiang , Jiang Wei , Zhang Ming , Zhu Linhua , Li Hongping , Li Huaming
Published: December 2024

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) have been regarded as green solvents owing to their unique properties. Among these, the melting point is key to their excellent performance in applications such as catalysis, biomass processing, and energy storage, where stability and operational temperature range are critical. The utilization of neural networks for forecasting the melting point is highly significant. Nevertheless, the excessive selection of descriptors obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations always leads to huge computational costs. Herein, this study strategically selected only 12 kinds of quantum chemical descriptors by employing a much more efficient semi-empirical method (PM7) to reduce computational costs. Four principles of data pre-processing were proposed, and the innovative use of a simulated annealing algorithm to search for the lowest energy molecular conformation improved accuracy. Based on these descriptors, a multi-layer perceptron neural network model was constructed to efficiently predict the melting points of 280 imidazolium-based ILs. The R2 value of the current model reached 0.75, and the mean absolute error reached 25.03 K, indicating that this study achieved high accuracy with very little computational cost. This study reveals a strong correlation between descriptors and melting points. Additionally, the model accurately predicts unknown melting points of imidazolium-based ILs, achieving good results efficiently.
Food Allergy-Related Bullying in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nocerino Rita , Mercuri Caterina , Bosco Vincenzo , Aquilone Greta , Guillari Assunta , Simeone Silvio , Rea Teresa
Published: December 2024

Background: Food allergy (FA)-related bullying is a significant public health concern affecting pediatric patients. This systematic review investigates the prevalence, characteristics, and psychosocial impact of FA-related bullying, as well as current intervention strategies within educational and healthcare settings. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases, covering publications up to February 2024. The review followed PRISMA guidelines and included studies on children and adolescents (0–18 years) diagnosed with FAs. Studies were selected based on eligibility criteria and assessed for quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results: The initial search identified a total of 260 records (6 from scientific databases and 254 from registries). Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings of these studies reveal that FA-related bullying is prevalent, with rates varying between 17% and 60%, depending on the study population and methods. Bullying often involves verbal teasing, social exclusion, and physical threats using allergens, presenting both psychological and physical risks. Psychological consequences include increased anxiety, depression, and social withdrawal, which persist over time, significantly impacting quality of life for both children and their families. Notably, bullying often occurs in school settings, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Conclusion: FA-related bullying profoundly affects mental health and quality of life for affected children and their families. Interventions, such as school-based allergy education programs and policies promoting inclusivity and safety, have shown promise in reducing bullying incidents. A collaborative approach involving healthcare providers, educators, and policymakers is essential to mitigate the impact of FA-related bullying and improve outcomes for affected children.
Neurological Sequelae of Post-COVID-19 Fatigue: A Narrative Review of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV-Mediated Cerebrovascular Complications
Authors: Che Mohd Nassir Che Mohd Nasril , Che Ramli Muhammad Danial , Jaffer Usman , Abdul Hamid Hafizah , Mehat Muhammad Zulfadli , Mohamad Ghazali Mazira , Kottakal Cheriya Ebrahim Nangarath
Published: December 2024

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic affecting millions of people’s lives, which has led to ‘post-COVID-19 fatigue’. Alarmingly, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) not only infects the lungs but also influences the heart and brain. Endothelial cell dysfunction and hypercoagulation, which we know occur with this infection, lead to thrombo-inflammation that can manifest as many myriad cardio-cerebrovascular disorders, such as brain fog, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, etc. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with oxidative stress, protein aggregation, cytokine storm, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, the identification of molecular targets involved in these actions could provide strategies for preventing and treating this disease. In particular, the very common enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) has recently been identified as a candidate co-receptor for the cell entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus with its involvement in infection. In addition, DPPIV has been reported as a co-receptor for some viruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (MERS-CoV). It mediates immunologic reactions and diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypertension, which have been considered the prime risk factors for stroke among other types of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), DPPIV has been implicated in aggravating the course of infection due to its disruptive effect on inflammatory signaling networks and the neuro–glia–vascular unit. Regarding the neurological, physiological, and molecular grounds governing post-COVID-19 fatigue, this review focuses on DPPIV as one of such reasons that progressively establishes cerebrovascular grievances following SARS-CoV infection.
Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis, and CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Gene Disruption of Myogenic Regulatory Factor 4 (MRF4) in Nile Tilapia
Authors: Sukhan Zahid Parvez , Cho Yusin , Hossen Shaharior , Cho Doo Hyun , Kho Kang Hee
Published: December 2024

Myogenic regulator factors (MRFs) are essential for skeletal muscle development in vertebrates, including fish. This study aimed to characterize the role of myogenic regulatory factor 4 (MRF4) in muscle development in Nile tilapia by cloning NT-MRF4 from muscle tissues. To explore the function of NT-MRF4, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing was employed. The NT-MRF4 cDNA was 1146 bp long and had encoded 225 amino acids, featuring a myogenic basic domain, a helix-loop-helix domain, and a nuclear localization signal. NT-MRF4 mRNA was exclusively expressed in adult muscle tissues, with expression also observed during embryonic and larval stages. Food-deprived Nile tilapia exhibited significantly lower NT-MRF4 mRNA levels than the controls while re-feeding markedly increased expression. The CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing of NT-MRF4 successfully generated two types of gene disruption, leading to a frame-shift mutation in the NT-MRF4 protein. Expression analysis of MRF and MEF2 genes in gene-edited (GE) Nile tilapia revealed that MyoG expressions nearly doubled compared to wild-type (WT) fish, suggesting that MyoG compensates for the loss of MRF4 function. Additionally, MEF2b, MEF2d, and MEF2a expressions significantly increased in GE Nile tilapia, supporting continued muscle development. Overall, these findings suggest that NT-MRF4 regulates muscle development, while MyoG may compensate for its inactivation to sustain normal muscle growth.
Clinical Trial of Autologous Dendritic Cell Administration Effect on Water Molecule Diffusion and Anti-Inflammatory Biomarkers in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Dimu Paulus Stefanus , Icksan Aziza Ghanie , Farhat  , Jonny  , Hernowo Bhimo Aji , Putranto Terawan Agus
Published: December 2024

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) significantly increases mortality, with patients facing a fourfold risk of death within ten years. Chronic inflammation, marked by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) activity, contributes to kidney damage and fibrosis. This study investigates the effect of autologous dendritic cells on inflammation and kidney function, focusing on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), TGF-β, and ICAM-1 levels. This quasi-experimental clinical trial involved 22 DKD patients at Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital. Patients received autologous dendritic cell injections. Baseline and post-intervention magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans measured ADC values, and ICAM-1 and TGF-β levels were analyzed. Post intervention, the median ADC decreased from 1.75 mm2/s to 1.64 mm2/s (p = 0.223). ICAM-1 levels increased significantly in females (p = 0.04) but not in males (p = 0.35). No significant changes were found in TGF-β levels (p = 0.506). ADC changes were statistically insignificant and did not correlate with CKD severity. ICAM-1 increases in females correlated with improved creatinine levels, suggesting kidney function improvement. Autologous dendritic cell therapy revealed potential gender-specific immune responses but showed limited overall biomarker improvements. Further studies are required to validate its therapeutic value.
Epigenetics of Homocystinuria, Hydrogen Sulfide, and Circadian Clock Ablation in Cardiovascular–Renal Disease
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: December 2024

Morning-time heart attacks are associated with an ablation in the sleep-time dip in blood pressure, the mechanism of which is unknown. The epigenetic changes are the hallmark of sleep and circadian clock disruption and homocystinuria (HHcy). The homocystinuria causes ablation in the dip in blood pressure during sleep. Interestingly, HHcy is generated during the epigenetic gene turning off and turning on (i.e., imprinting) by methylation of the DNA promoter. The mitochondrial sulfur metabolism by 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (3MST), ATP citrate lyase (ACYL), and epigenetic rhythmic methylation are regulated by folate 1-carbon metabolism (FOCM), i.e., the methionine (M)-SAM-SAH-Hcy, adenosine, and uric acid cycle. Epigenetic gene writer (DNMT), gene eraser (TET/FTO), and editor de-aminase (ADAR) regulate the rhythmic, i.e., reversible methylation/demethylation of H3K4, H3K9, H4K20, m6A, and m5C. The mitochondrial ATP citrate cycle and creatine kinase (CK) regulate chromatin transcription, maturation, and accessibility as well as muscle function. The transcription is regulated by methylation. The maturation and accessibility are controlled by acetylation. However, it is unclear whether a high fat dysbiotic diet (HFD) causes dysrhythmic expression of the gene writer, eraser, and editor, creating hyperuricemia and cardiac and renal dysfunction. We hypothesized that an HFD increases the gene writer (DNMT1) and editor (ADAR), decreases the eraser (TET/FTO), and increases uric acid to cause chronic diseases. This increases the levels of H3K4, H3K9, H4K20, m6A, and m5C. Interestingly, the DNMT1KO mitigates. Further, the DNMT1KO and ADAR inhibition attenuate HFD-induced NGAL/FGF23/TMPRSS2/MMP2, 9, 13, and uric acid levels and improve cardiac and renal remodeling. Although the novel role of nerve endings by the Piezo channels (i.e., the combination of ENaC, VDAC, TRPV, K+, and Mg2+ channels) in the interoception is suggested, interestingly, we and others have shown mechanisms independent of the nerve, by interoception, such as the cargo of the exosome in denervation models of heart failure. If proper and appropriate levels of these enzymes are available to covert homocysteine to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during homocystinuria, then the H2S can potentially serve as a newer form of treatment for morning heart attacks and renal sulfur transsulfuration transport diseases.
Analysis of Cancer Stem Cell Markers in Various Histological Subtypes of Adrenocortical Cancer
Authors: Pachuashvili Nano , Bastrich Asya , Porubayeva Erika , Elfimova Alina , Tertychnyy Alexander , Beltsevich Dmitry , Kogan Evgeniya , Reshetov Igor , Troshina Ekaterina , Tarbaeva Natalia , Mokrysheva Natalia , Urusova Liliya
Published: December 2024

Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignant neoplasm originating from the adrenal cortex, presenting limited therapeutic options. An avenue for improving therapeutic efficacy may involve a deeper understanding of the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of this disease. Although existing data suggest stem/progenitor characteristics in certain cell populations within ACC, the challenge remains to identify adrenocortical stem cell markers directly involved in its carcinogenesis. In our study, we aimed to identify multipotency markers such as LGR5 and CD90 in various ACC types to confirm their presence and localization. The study included tumor tissue samples from 13 patients with ACC treated at the Endocrinology Research Centre (Moscow, Russia) between 2005 and 2023. We conducted immunohistochemical analyses to identify the aforementioned markers and examined the association between their expression and clinico-morphological parameters. Our pilot study results demonstrate the presence of LGR5- and CD90-positive tumor cells in all samples. Despite the small sample size, we observed statistically significant differences in disease-free survival based on the number of CD90-positive cells. These findings suggest a potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value of cancer stem cell markers, underscoring the need for their further analysis in a larger cohort of patients with ACC.
Lateral–Torsional Buckling of Externally Prestressed I-Section Steel Beams Subjected to Fire
Authors: Mahieddine Abdellah , Ziane Noureddine , Ruta Giuseppe , Zahi Rachid , Zidi Mohamed , Meftah Sid Ahmed
Published: December 2024

We develop a new analytical and numerical approach, based on existing models, to describe the onset of lateral–torsional buckling (LTB) for simply supported thin-walled steel members. The profiles have uniform I cross-sections with variable lengths of the flanges, to describe also H cross-sections, they are prestressed by external tendons, and they are subjected to fire and various loadings. Our approach manages to update the value of the prestressing force, accounting for thermal and loads; the critical multipliers result from an eigenvalue problem obtained applying Galërkin’s approach to a system of nonlinear equilibrium equations. Our results are compared to buckling, steady state, and transient state analyses of a Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation, in which an original expression for an equivalent thermal expansion coefficient for the beam–tendon system that accounts for both mechanical and thermal strains is introduced. Our aim is to find estimates for the critical conditions with no geometric imperfections and accounting for the decay of material properties due to fire, thus providing limit values useful for conservative design. This approach can surpass others in the literature and in the existing technical norms.
Study on the Damage Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites: Experiment, Theory, and Numerical Implementation
Authors: Ding Tingting , Wang Zhuo , Liu Yang , Wang Xinlong , Sun Tingxin , Yang Shengyou
Published: December 2024

The ever-increasing material performance requirements in modern engineering structures have thrust engineered cementitious composites (ECCs) into the limelight of civil engineering research. The exceptional tensile, bending, and crack-control abilities of ECCs have sparked significant interest. However, the current research on the mechanical behavior of ECCs primarily focuses on uniaxial tensile and compressive constitutive relationships, leaving a gap in the form of a comprehensive multidimensional constitutive model that can fully describe its complex behavior at large strains. This study rigorously addresses this gap by initially investigating the uniaxial tensile and compressive behavior of ECCs through experiments and establishing a one-dimensional constitutive relationship of ECCs. It then introduces the concepts of damage energy release rate and energy equivalent strain, and constructs a three-dimensional constitutive model of ECCs by introducing the damage variable function. We write the numerical algorithm of our theoretical model in terms of the VUMAT subroutine and implement it into ABAQUS 2019 finite element software. We validate the accuracy and practicality of the multidimensional constitutive model by comparing the experimental data of uniaxial tension/compression and four-point bending. This paper enriches the theoretical system of ECCs and provides rigorous guidance for the performance optimization and practical application of such advanced engineering materials.
Carbon-Dioxide-Assisted Gasification of Sunflower Husk: An Impact of Iron, Nickel, or Cobalt Addition
Authors: Medvedev Artem A. , Beldova Daria A. , Kustov Leonid M. , Mashkin Mikhail Yu. , Polikarpova Svetlana B. , Dobrokhotova Valentina Z. , Murashova Elena V. , Tedeeva Marina A. , Sokolovskiy Pavel V. , Kustov Alexander L.
Published: December 2024

While the attempts to find new energy sources have intensified, the interest in the use of biomass as a carbon-rich raw material still is increasing. In this work, we studied iron-, cobalt-, and nickel-based materials in the process of CO2-assisted gasification of sunflower husk. The materials with and without metal additives were examined by XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques and were tested in their gasification under the action of CO2. It was found that the Co-based material demonstrates the best activity among the studied ones (the CO2 conversion was up to 83%). The possible reason for such superiority may be related to the capability of Ni compounds to the formation of the metallic nickel phase and insufficient activity of iron species.
Energy Recovery from Cannabis Residues by Combustion with and Without Steam Explosion Pretreatment in Different Air Coefficients
Authors: Souza Rafael Eloy de , Neto Eduardo Lins de Barros , Lavoie Jean-Michel , Rego de Vasconcelos Bruna
Published: December 2024

Alternative options have been studied to mitigate the negative impact of fossil fuel sources, mainly especially when it comes to alternative energy sources. In this work, cannabis residues have been considered as a potential biomass residues for energy recovery due to their energy content, and the increase in the cannabis market in Canada has created an opportunity niche for treating and valorizing these residues as energy. This study thus aims to investigate the potential of energy recovery from cannabis residue pellets via combustion and the impact of steam explosion on the pellets’ properties as well as combustion behavior. Two batches of pellets were produced namely with and without the steam explosion pretreatment. The properties of the pellets were then compared to those of the CANplus certification. Cannabis pellets were then combusted at 290 °C in a fixed-bed reactor using three different air coefficients (α) ranging from 1 to 1.3 (α = 1.0, α = 1.15, and α = 1.3). Flue gas quantification was performed using gas chromatography combined with a NOx detector. Results showed that the properties of this biomass is comparable to other sources of lignocellulosic biofuels. The steam explosion pretreatment enhanced pellet properties, including higher heating value (HHV), ash content, durability, and fines allowing the product to reach the CANplus requirements. The air coefficients influenced the emission levels, with an optimal value at α = 1.15, that indicated an improved combustion quality. However, steam explosion negatively affected combustion efficiency, resulting in incomplete combustion. Overall, cannabis residues show a strong potential for energy recovery and could offer a sustainable option for bioenergy applications.
Exploring the Design for Wearability of Wearable Devices: A Scoping Review
Authors: Seo Yeo Weon , La Marca Valentina , Tandon Animesh , Chiao Jung-Chih , Drummond Colin K.
Published: December 2024

Wearable smart devices have become ubiquitous in modern society, extensively researched for their health monitoring capabilities and convenience features. However, the “wearability” of these devices remains a relatively understudied area, particularly in terms of design informed by clinical trials. Wearable devices possess significant potential to enhance daily life, yet their success depends on understanding and validating the design factors that influence comfort, usability, and seamless integration into everyday routines. This review aimed to evaluate the “wearability” of smart devices through a mixed-methods scoping literature review. By analyzing studies on comfort, usability, and daily integration, it sought to identify design improvements and research gaps to enhance user experience and system design. From an initial pool of 130 publications (1998–2024), 19 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review identified three significant outcomes: (1) a lack of standardized assessment methods, (2) the predominance of qualitative over quantitative assessments, and (3) limited utility of findings for informing design. Although qualitative studies provide valuable insights, the absence of quantitative research hampers the development of validated, generalizable design criteria. This underscores the urgent need for future studies to adopt robust quantitative methodologies to better assess wearability and inform evidence-based design strategies.
A Concept of an Educational Multi-Technique Beamline for Crystalline Matter Studies at Synchrotron Radiation Facility SKIF
Authors: Selyutin Alexander , Mishchenko Denis , Vinokurov Zakhar , Bulavchenko Olga , Saraev Andrey , Tsybulya Sergey , Zubavichus Yan
Published: December 2024

A concept of a high throughput, user-friendly, versatile bending magnet beamline at the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation facility SKIF, currently being constructed in Koltsovo (a science town near Novosibirsk, Russia), is proposed. The beamline is designed to implement the conventional and most demanded synchrotron techniques: XAS (X-ray absorption spectroscopy); XRD (X-ray diffraction), both powder and single-crystal, including the in situ mode; and XRF (X-ray fluorescence analysis). The beamline is conceived to be as simple as possible, but it is multifunctional, being a base beamline for the education and training of students, future synchrotron users, and beamline scientists. A number of potential beamline optical layouts are modeled in the XRT (XRayTracer) program package. The resulting beam characteristics at the sample position are discussed. A monochromator model is proposed. Surface distortions and their influence on the rocking curve of the Si111 crystal due to incoming heat loads are realistically modeled. The optimum design of the station is defined. The range of crystalline objects that are possible to be studied at the proposed station is emphasized, and future perspectives are outlined.
Fear of Cancer Recurrence and Fear of Cancer Progression, Digital Resource Engagement and Health Literacy: A Review
Authors: Kenny-Jones Maebh , Nankivell Paul , Mehanna Hisham , Ozakinci Gozde
Published: December 2024

Cancer care is evolving, and digital resources are being introduced to support cancer patients throughout the cancer journey. Logistical concerns, such as health literacy and the emotional experience of cancer, need to be considered. Fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) and fear of cancer progression (FOP) are relevant emotional constructs that should be investigated. This scoping review explored two main objectives: first, the link between FCR/FOP and engagement with digital resources, and second, the link between FCR/FOP and health literacy. A database search was conducted separately for each objective. Relevant papers were identified, data were extracted, and a quality assessment was conducted. Objective 1 identified two relevant papers that suggested that higher levels of FCR were correlated with lower levels of engagement with digital resources. Objective 2 identified eight relevant papers that indicated that higher FCR/FOP is correlated with lower health literacy. However, one paper with a greater sample size and a more representative sample reported no significant relationship. There may be important relationships between the constructs of FCR/FOP, resource engagement, and health literacy and relationships may differ across cancer type and sex. However, research is limited. No studies examined the relationship between FOP and engagement or FCR/FOP and digital health literacy, and the number of studies identified was too limited to come to a firm conclusion. Further research is needed to understand the significance and relevance of these relationships.