bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deleuze e o Eterno Retorno da Diferença
Authors: Abreu Ovídio De
Published: September 2014

Estudos sobre a abordagem da história da filosofia por Deleuze ainda serão bem vindos: pesquisas sobre a sua maneira de remontar dos conceitos aos problemas que lhes dão sentido, de indissociar-se dos pensadores que estuda de modo a produzir um campo de intensidades, uma região de indiscernibilidades, lá onde ele próprio, Deleuze, pode criar com eles, retomando, prologando e renovando o pensamento. O objetivo desse texto define-se como a incursão por essa zona de indiscernibilidades e tem em vista um problema e um conceito: o problema da seleção ética como melhor problema do que o julgamento como uma solução moral, e o conceito de "eterno retorno", tal como circunscrito pela interpretação que Deleuze faz da filosofia de Nietzsche.
A pintura como paradigma da percepção
Authors: Falabretti Ericson Sávio
Published: September 2014

As reflexões sobre a pintura atravessam todo o itinerário da obra de Merleau-Ponty e parecem indicar os motivos do movimento e da unidade do seu pensamento, especialmente quando buscamos compreender o alcance significativo da percepção enquanto um acontecimento pré-reflexivo. A experiência da percepção é radicalizada na pintura que expressa um "nível primordial" - "leva à sua última potência um delírio que é a visão mesma" - com todos os caracteres que a própria fenomenologia buscou atingir ao descrever as diferentes formas de experiência perceptiva, seja através da descrição da experiência pré-reflexiva do corpo próprio ou, finalmente, da concepção de fé perceptiva enquanto "doação em carne". A pintura realiza a intenção mais genuína de uma filosofia dedicada à descrição do pré-reflexivo: testemunha e interroga o ser. O pintor, como indicam as análises sobre Cézanne, ao permanecer no solo originário, sem a necessidade de justificativas ou de fundamentos, livre da obrigação de anunciar uma tese ou uma convenção sobre o mundo, expressa a significação mais bruta da percepção: aquilo que faz do visível ser visível.
Merleau-Ponty e a “filosofia da consciência”
Authors: Santos Moutinho Luiz Damon
Published: September 2014

Esse texto é a apresentação inicial de uma leitura de conjunto da obra de Merleau-Ponty. Ele é essencialmente crítico pois nele apenas discutimos as interpretações de Carlos Alberto Ribeiro de Moura e Renaud Barbaras - interpretações que, apesar de suas diferenças, convergem no diagnóstico de que se trata de uma "filosofia da consciência". Procuramos mostrar o que nos parece insuficiente e parcial nessas interpretações.
A ética política de Merleau-Ponty : o problema do humanismo
Authors: Carron Guillaume
Published: September 2014

Neste artigo, tentamos definir alguns aspectos de uma ética política na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty. É possível descrever um problema recorrente e estrutural em seu trabalho político: a questão do "humanismo". Este problema implica que o objetivo de qualquer ação política consiste na "instituição" de um vínculo simbólico entre os seres humanos. Argumentamos que o problema do humanismo estrutura o pensamento político do filósofo e explica a relação de Merleau-Ponty com o marxismo e a história. A intrepidez da instituição, que pode ser uma resposta ao problema do humanismo, encarna a virtude política fundamental. Virtude que Merleau-Ponty denomina "virtude sem qualquer resignação".
Pensar e viver para além das categorias do real e do irreal: Merleau-Ponty e o imaginário operante
Authors: Dufourcq Annabelle
Published: September 2014

A dimensão de violência e radicalidade no pensamento de Merleau-Ponty, com suas implicações desestabilizadoras, é frequentemente perdida. A "carne", em Merleau-Ponty, não é pacífica. É um Ser explosivo e aberto, a partir do qual "consciência de si", "real" e "verdade", no sentido clássico, são impossíveis. O artigo pretende demonstrar que Merleau-Ponty cinde a distinção clássica entre real e irreal, engendrando uma profunda reorganização do campo do conhecimento e da ética, e tornando possível, de certo modo, uma fusão entre eles. Se o Ser é incompleto e aberto a interpretações, logo, não há verdades a serem conhecidas, temos  apenas  imagens  do  mundo  e,  correlativamente, imagens  funcionam melhor para revelar a direção a que aponta o sentido em que se forma o mundo do que o assim chamando conhecimento absoluto. Assim, aceitar a dimensão criativa da interpretação tal como requerida pelo próprio mundo permite entender que não se pode entender o mundo sem agir e agir é ajustar o equilíbrio entre, por um lado, a atenção paciente devida ao sentido nascente nas situações e, por outro lado, à forma rigorosa dos elementos dados do sentido que são "neles mesmos" sempre dispersos e ambíguos.
Moura, Alex de Campos. Entre o Ser e o Nada: a dissolução ontológica na filosofia de Merleau-Ponty. São Paulo: Ed. Humanitas, 2012.
Authors: Cândido Gisele Batista , Scarpa Mariana Cabral Tomzhinsky
Published: September 2014

Resenha.
Bimbenet, E. L’animal que je ne suis plus. Paris: Gallimard, coll. FolioEssais, 2011.
Authors: Carrasco Alexandre Alexandre de Oliveira Torres
Published: September 2014

Resenha.
Percepção e Cor: Nota sobre o Octaedro da Cores em Wittgenstein
Authors: Salles João Carlos
Published: September 2014

Resumo: A percepção envolve muitos enigmas, nem sempre parecendo estar assegurada a unidade entre seu conteúdo e sua forma. Exemplificam tais enigmas as ilusões óticas, o célebre problema de Molyneux e também, como aqui nos interessa, o problema da expressão das cores em modelos cromáticos, que expressam incompatibilidades lógicas, mas se referem ao próprio território da experiência com cores e pigmentos. Neste nosso texto, distinguiremos dois usos do Farbenoktaeder por Wittgenstein, registrando a diferença, que julgamos relevante, entre a incompatibilidade ampla e a incompatibilidade restrita entre cores.
A modernidade de Voltaire: pensar o presente
Authors: Martin-Haag Eliane
Published: September 2014

A ideia que avançamos aqui é que Voltaire é de pleno direito o inventor ou um dos inventores privilegiados do conceito de "tempos modernos" ou de uma nova atitude do filósofo face ao presente, compreendido como acontecimento no sentido de ruptura com "a craca e a ferrugem dos séculos" que ainda continuam a pesar sobre os espíritos. Segue-se este paradoxo: o acontecimento da modernidade é ao mesmo tempo um presente efetivo e um simples "crepúsculo" para o advento das Luzes.
Voltaire e o projeto de uma metafísica newtoniana
Authors: Salles de Oliveira Barra Eduardo
Published: September 2014

Voltaire teve um importante papel na disseminação do newtonianismo no continente europeu. Mas também ele foi responsável pela tentativa mais direta de estender a autoridade de Newton a outros temas filosóficos, além daqueles relativos à matemática e à física. O livro La Métahysique de Newton, publicado em 1740, é uma prova disso. Neste artigo, o livro de Voltaire é analisado a partir do contexto das polêmicas entre partidários de Newton e de Leibniz. Procura-se identificar nexos entre o projeto esboçado no La Métaphysique e as especulações de Hume e de Kant sobre os problemas metafísicos da teoria newtoniana da gravitação universal.
A negação do vazio por parte de Descartes: as críticas de Newton e Voltaire
Authors: Calazans Verônica
Published: September 2014

As críticas de Newton e Voltaire endereçadas à negação do vazio por parte de Descartes compartilham uma estrutura básica: ambos parecem concordar que tal tese cartesiana conduz a implicações indesejáveis tanto no campo da mecânica, quanto no que diz respeito à teologia. Entretanto, embora Newton admita as implicações teológicas da negação do vazio, elas não constituem o fim último de sua crítica, o que parece ocorrer na crítica de Voltaire. Ao contrário, os argumentos newtonianos para assumir o vazioencontram na mecânica não apenas um campo de prova; eles constituem uma parte importante da fundamentação de um dos pilares do newtonianismo: o espaço absoluto.
O Cândido de Voltaire: militância e melancolia
Authors: De Souza Maria das Graças
Published: September 2014

Trata-se aqui de interpretar algumas passagens do Cândido no quadro das linhas de força do iluminismo francês, que dizem respeito ao modo de conceber a atividade do filósofo, orientado pela oposição entre as figuras do "filósofo de gabinete" e o "filósofo mundano." Do meu ponto de vista, esta oposição não encerra tão somente uma tomada de posição sobre a natureza da ação do filósofo, mas diz respeito mesmo a uma concepção do que é a "boa filosofia."  Ao mesmo tempo, permitirá uma interpretação da famosa metáfora do jardim do final do Cândido à luz da concepção voltaireana da história.
An empirical approach to modeling methylmercury concentrations in an Adirondack stream watershed
Authors: Burns Douglas A. , Nystrom Elizabeth A. , Wolock David M. , Bradley Paul M. , Riva‐Murray Karen
Published: September 2014

Inverse empirical models can inform and improve more complex process‐based models by quantifying the principal factors that control water quality variation. Here we developed a multiple regression model that explains 81% of the variation in filtered methylmercury (FMeHg) concentrations in Fishing Brook, a fourth‐order stream in the Adirondack Mountains, New York, a known “hot spot” of Hg bioaccumulation. This model builds on previous observations that wetland‐dominated riparian areas are the principal source of MeHg to this stream and were based on 43 samples collected during a 33 month period in 2007–2009. Explanatory variables include those that represent the effects of water temperature, streamflow, and modeled riparian water table depth on seasonal and annual patterns of FMeHg concentrations. An additional variable represents the effects of an upstream pond on decreasing FMeHg concentrations. Model results suggest that temperature‐driven effects on net Hg methylation rates are the principal control on annual FMeHg concentration patterns. Additionally, streamflow dilutes FMeHg concentrations during the cold dormant season. The model further indicates that depth and persistence of the riparian water table as simulated by TOPMODEL are dominant controls on FMeHg concentration patterns during the warm growing season, especially evident when concentrations during the dry summer of 2007 were less than half of those in the wetter summers of 2008 and 2009. This modeling approach may help identify the principal factors that control variation in surface water FMeHg concentrations in other settings, which can guide the appropriate application of process‐based models.
Fully integrated modeling of surface‐subsurface solute transport and the effect of dispersion in tracer hydrograph separation
Authors: Liggett Jessica E. , Werner Adrian D. , Smerdon Brian D. , Partington Daniel , Simmons Craig T.
Published: September 2014

Tracer hydrograph separation has been widely applied to identify streamflow components, often indicating that pre‐event water comprises a large proportion of stream water. Previous work using numerical modeling suggests that hydrodynamic mixing in the subsurface inflates the pre‐event water contribution to streamflow when derived from tracer‐based hydrograph separation. This study compares the effects of hydrodynamic dispersion, both within the subsurface and at the surface‐subsurface boundary, on the tracer‐based pre‐event water contribution to streamflow. Using a fully integrated surface‐subsurface code, we simulate two hypothetical 2‐D hillslopes with surface‐subsurface solute exchange represented by different solute transport conceptualizations (i.e., advective and dispersive conditions). Results show that when surface‐subsurface solute transport occurs via advection only, the pre‐event water contribution from the tracer‐based separation agrees well with the hydraulically determined value of pre‐event water from the numerical model, despite dispersion occurring within the subsurface. In this case, subsurface dispersion parameters have little impact on the tracer‐based separation results. However, the pre‐event water contribution from the tracer‐based separation is larger when dispersion at the surface‐subsurface boundary is considered. This work demonstrates that dispersion within the subsurface may not always be a significant factor in apparently large pre‐event water fluxes over a single rainfall event. Instead, dispersion at the surface‐subsurface boundary may increase estimates of pre‐event water contribution. This work also shows that solute transport in numerical models is highly sensitive to the representation of the surface‐subsurface interface. Hence, models of catchment‐scale solute dynamics require careful treatment and sensitivity testing of the surface‐subsurface interface to avoid misinterpretation of real‐world physical processes.
Novel monitoring of Antarctic ice shelf basal melting using a fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing mooring
Authors: Kobs Scott , Holland David M. , Zagorodnov Victor , Stern Alon , Tyler Scott W.
Published: September 2014

Measuring basal melting of ice shelves is challenging and represents a critical component toward understanding ocean‐ice interactions and climate change. In November 2011, moorings containing fiber‐optic cables for distributed temperature sensing (DTS) were installed through the McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica, (~200 m) and extending ~600 m into the ice shelf cavity. The high spatial resolution of DTS allows for transient monitoring of the thermal gradient within the ice shelf. The gradient near the ice‐ocean interface is extrapolated to the in situ freezing temperature in order to continuously track the ice‐ocean interface. Seasonal melt rates are calculated to be ~1.0 mm d−1 and 8.6 mm d−1, and maximum melting corresponds to the arrival of seasonal warm surface water in the ice shelf cavity between January and April. The development of continuous, surface‐based techniques for measuring basal melting represents a significant advance in monitoring ice shelf stability and ice‐ocean interactions.
Morphology and Mechanical Properties of a New Nanocrystalline Cellulose/Polysulfone Composite Membrane
Authors: BAI HAOLONG , ZHOU YITONG , ZHANG LIPING
Published: September 2014

A new nanocrystalline cellulose/polysulfone composite membrane was prepared. The composite membranes were coagulated in different coagulation baths (i.e., water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) and concentrations (i.e., 10, 30, 50 v/v %). The chemical structure of membrane is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viscosity of the casting solutions was measured. The cross‐section morphology of the membrane was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were also studied. Results showed that the connectivity of nanocrystalline/polysulfone composite membrane pores is better than that of pure polysulfone membrane, macrovoids, and short finger‐like pores are produced when adding methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol into the coagulation bath. As the coagulant concentration increases, the sponge‐like structure becomes looser and thinner. A right amount of nanocrystalline cellulose has a positive effect on the tensile strength. The tensile strength of the pure membrane in different coagulation baths shows the following order: methanol > ethanol > isopropanol > water (10 % v/v).
Shape analysis of the proximal humerus in orthograde and semi‐orthograde primates: Correlates of suspensory behavior
Authors: Arias‐Martorell Julia , Tallman Melissa , Potau Josep Maria , Bello‐Hellegouarch Gaëlle , Pérez‐Pérez Alejandro
Published: September 2014

“Suspensory locomotion” is an expression that encompasses a series of specialized forms of locomotion that mainly orthograde primates use to achieve below‐branch traveling. It implies a number of features in the entire body associated with the use of the forelimb in overhead positions. The glenohumeral joint is one of the main joints involved in effective suspensory locomotion, being subject to a delicate balance between the high degree of mobility and stabilization needed to successfully engage in suspensory behaviors. Here, we present a 3D geometric morphometric study that explores the form of the proximal humerus of six orthograde and semi‐orthograde genera (Hylobates, Pongo, Pan, Gorilla, Ateles, and Lagothrix) and a pronograde genus, Colobus, to determine to what extent suspensory locomotor requirements are driving the shape of this epiphysis. Results show the presence of a morphocline related to degree of suspension in the shape of the articular surface, with highly suspensory taxa (i.e., Hylobates) exhibiting particular morphological traits at the articular surface that provide a greater range of circumduction. The placement and orientation of the rotator cuff muscles' insertion sites on the tubercles appear associated with the divergent forces operating at the joint in quadrupedal or above‐head use of the hand. Am. J. Primatol. 77:1–19, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chimpanzees create and modify probe tools functionally: A study with zoo‐housed chimpanzees
Authors: Hopper Lydia M. , Tennie Claudio , Ross Stephen R. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V.
Published: September 2014

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) use tools to probe for out‐of‐reach food, both in the wild and in captivity. Beyond gathering appropriately‐sized materials to create tools, chimpanzees also perform secondary modifications in order to create an optimized tool. In this study, we recorded the behavior of a group of zoo‐housed chimpanzees when presented with opportunities to use tools to probe for liquid foods in an artificial termite mound within their enclosure. Previous research with this group of chimpanzees has shown that they are proficient at gathering materials from within their environment in order to create tools to probe for the liquid food within the artificial mound. Extending beyond this basic question, we first asked whether they only made and modified probe tools when it was appropriate to do so (i.e. when the mound was baited with food). Second, by collecting continuous data on their behavior, we also asked whether the chimpanzees first (intentionally) modified their tools prior to probing for food or whether such modifications occurred after tool use, possibly as a by‐product of chewing and eating the food from the tools. Following our predictions, we found that tool modification predicted tool use; the chimpanzees began using their tools within a short delay of creating and modifying them, and the chimpanzees performed more tool modifying behaviors when food was available than when they could not gain food through the use of probe tools. We also discuss our results in terms of the chimpanzees' acquisition of the skills, and their flexibility of tool use and learning. Am. J. Primatol. 77:162–170, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. American Journal of Primatology Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
An Elementary Result On The Uniform Stability Of A Class Of Continuous Autonomous Systems
Authors: Sosa J. M. , Martinez‐Rodriguez P. R. , Vazquez G.
Published: September 2014

This paper presents an elementary result on the uniform stability of an equilibrium point for a class of autonomous systems that have an exponentially decreasing factor in their dynamics. The mapping that defines the dynamics may be not Lipschitz so uniqueness of solutions is not assured. Such a class of systems may arise in the stability analysis of some closed‐loop control systems, as is the case that leads to this problem, namely, the application of the vertically transverse function approach to the practical point‐stabilization of underactuated mechanical systems evolving on Lie groups.
Cooperative Global Adaptive Output Regulation for Nonlinear Uncertain Multi‐Agent Systems with IISS Inverse Dynamics
Authors: Su Youfeng , Huang Jie
Published: September 2014

The cooperative global adaptive output regulation of nonlinear multi‐agent systems with unity relative degree was studied recently for the case where the inverse dynamics of the follower subsystems are input‐to‐state stable (ISS). In this paper, we present a further result by relaxing the ISS assumption to the integral ISS (iISS) assumption. As the iISS condition is strictly weaker than the ISS condition, our result applies to a larger class of nonlinear multi‐agent systems.
Bifurcation Control Of A Fractional‐Order Van Der Pol Oscillator Based On The State Feedback
Authors: Xiao Min , Jiang Guoping , Zheng Wei Xing , Yan Senlin , Wan Youhong , Fan Chunxia
Published: September 2014

In this paper, a dynamic state feedback is applied to control Hopf bifurcations arising from a fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator. The degree parameter indicating the strength of the nonlinear damping is chosen as the bifurcation parameter. It is shown that in the absences of the dynamic state feedback controller, the fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator loses the stability via the Hopf bifurcation early, and can maintain the stability only in a certain domain of the degree parameter. When applying the state feedback controller to the fractional‐order Van Der Pol oscillator, the onset of the undesirable Hopf bifurcation is postponed. Thus, the stability domain is extended, and the system possesses the stability in a larger parameter range. Numerical simulations are given to justify the validity of the dynamic state feedback controller in bifurcation controls.
Tina Asmussen, Lucas Burkart, Hole Rößler. Theatrum Kircherianum. Wissenskulturen und Bücherwelten im 17. Jahrhundert
Authors: Gregory Stephan
Published: September 2014

Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz 2013. 314 S., geb., € 42,00. ISBN 978‐3‐447‐10006‐9. Daniel Stolzenberg,­ Egyptian Oedipus: Athanasius Kircher and the Secrets of Antiquity, Chicago/London: University of Chicago Press 2013. XI, 307 S., Ill., $ 50,00. ISBN 978‐0‐226‐92414‐4.
Influence of pH, temperature, and concentration on stabilization of aqueous hornet silk solution and fabrication of salt‐free materials
Authors: Kameda Tsunenori
Published: September 2014

We found that an aqueous solution of silk from cocoons produced by hornet larvae (hornet silk) can be obtained when the solution is adjusted to basic conditions of pH > 9.2. It is known that native hornet cocoons can be dissolved in concentrated aqueous solution of salts, such as lithium bromide (LiBr) and calcium chloride (CaCl2). Upon the removal of these salts from solution by dialysis, solidification, gelation, or sedimentation of hornet silk is known to occur. In the present study, under basic conditions, however, no such solidification occurred, even after salt removal. In this study, ammonia was used for alkalization of solution because it is volatilized during the casting process and pure hornet silk materials can be obtained after drying. The effects of the concentrations of hornet silk and ammonia, as well as dialysis temperature, on preventing gelation during dialysis were investigated. Dialysis conditions that limit the degradation of hornet silk by hydrolysis in alkali solution were identified. Moreover, casting conditions to prepare flexible and transparent hornet silk film from aqueous ammonia solution were optimized. Molecular structural analysis of hornet silk in aqueous ammonia solution and cast film indicated the formation of α‐helix conformations. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 41–52, 2015.
Rapid directed evolution of stabilized proteins with cellular high‐throughput encapsulation solubilization and screening (CHESS)
Authors: Yong K. J. , Scott D. J.
Published: September 2014

Directed evolution is a powerful method for engineering proteins towards user‐defined goals and has been used to generate novel proteins for industrial processes, biological research and drug discovery. Typical directed evolution techniques include cellular display, phage display, ribosome display and water‐in‐oil compartmentalization, all of which physically link individual members of diverse gene libraries to their translated proteins. This allows the screening or selection for a desired protein function and subsequent isolation of the encoding gene from diverse populations. For biotechnological and industrial applications there is a need to engineer proteins that are functional under conditions that are not compatible with these techniques, such as high temperatures and harsh detergents. Cellular High‐throughput Encapsulation Solubilization and Screening (CHESS), is a directed evolution method originally developed to engineer detergent‐stable G proteins‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) for structural biology. With CHESS, library‐transformed bacterial cells are encapsulated in detergent‐resistant polymers to form capsules, which serve to contain mutant genes and their encoded proteins upon detergent mediated solubilization of cell membranes. Populations of capsules can be screened like single cells to enable rapid isolation of genes encoding detergent‐stable protein mutants. To demonstrate the general applicability of CHESS to other proteins, we have characterized the stability and permeability of CHESS microcapsules and employed CHESS to generate thermostable, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) resistant green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants, the first soluble proteins to be engineered using CHESS. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 438–446. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First use of the WAVE™ disposable rocking bioreactor for enhanced bioproduct synthesis by N2‐fixing cyanobacteria
Authors: Cirés Samuel , Alvarez‐Roa Carlos , Heimann Kirsten
Published: September 2014

WAVE™ rocking disposable bioreactors have been successfully utilized for bioproduct development from bacteria, yeast, microalgae, and animal and plant cells but not from cyanobacteria so far. N2‐fixing cyanobacteria represent a prolific bioproducts source with reduced cultivation costs. In this study, 1 L cultures of the N2‐fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena siamensis grown diazotrophically in the WAVE™ bioreactor exhibited increased phosphate consumption and 37–70% higher CO2 fixation rates than those grown in conventional bubbled suspension (BS) batch cultures. This generated 40–80% increased biomass productivities in the WAVE™ bioreactor reaching 60 mg L−1 day−1 when supplemented with 10% CO2. Consequently, WAVE™ generated 36–153% more protein, lipid, and carbohydrate than BS, including 47–100% increased productivity of phycocyanin and stearidonic acid (SA) with relevant biomedical applications. While the type of culture system (BS or WAVETM) did not affect the biochemical profile of cyanobacterial biomass, 10% CO2 supplementation induced a significant decrease in fatty acids and phycocyanin contents (mg g−1 DW). Therefore, for commercial applications, the CO2 supplementation of WAVE™ should be optimized for each targeted bioproduct separately. This study opens possibilities for upgrading the WAVE™ systems to photobioreactors (PBRs) for bioproduct development from cyanobacteria, with opportunities and challenges critically evaluated herein. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 621–626. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Activation with Isocyanates: A Versatile Route to Phthalimides
Authors: De Sarkar Suman , Ackermann Lutz
Published: September 2014

A cationic ruthenium(II)‐complex was utilized in the efficient synthesis of phthalimide derivatives by CH activation with synthetically useful amides. The reaction proceeded through a mechanistically unique insertion of a cycloruthenated species into a CHet multiple bond of isocyanate. The novel method also proved applicable for the synthesis of heteroaromatic unsymmetric diamides as well as a potent COX‐2 enzyme inhibitor.
Monolithic Structure and Multiaxis Magnetic Sensing with Magnonic Crystals
Authors: Takagi Hiroyuki , Noda Josho , Ueno Tomomi , Kanazawa Naoki , Nakamura Yuichi , Inoue Mitsuteru
Published: September 2014

We aim at the development of high‐sensitivity magnetic sensors with magnonic crystals at room temperature. We fabricated SmCo thin film magnets on magnonic crystals as a monolithic structure. We were able to excite spin waves and develop a magnonic band gap by means of the magnetic field of the thin film magnet. Since magnonic crystals have a high magnetic field dependence, there is potential for their use as magnetic sensors. The maximum response sensitivity of the magnonic crystals with SmCo thin film magnets was found to be 7900%/Oe. We also investigated two‐axis magnetic field sensing by spin waves.
Adding the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, donepezil, to losartan treatment markedly improves long‐term survival in rats with chronic heart failure
Authors: Li Meihua , Zheng Can , Kawada Toru , Inagaki Masashi , Uemura Kazunori , Sugimachi Masaru
Published: September 2014

Aims

Modulation of vagal tone using electrical vagal nerve stimulation or pharmacological acetylcholinesterase inhibition by donepezil exerts beneficial effects in an animal model of chronic heart failure (CHF). Considering different treatment mechanisms underlying renin–angiotensin system (RAS) suppression and parasympathetic activation, we hypothesized that parasympathetic activation together with RAS inhibition could attenuate CHF progression. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the therapeutic effects of a combination of donepezil and losartan in CHF rats with extensive myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods and results

Rats (n = 85) that had survived extensive MI were implanted with a blood pressure transmitter and were randomly assigned to receive either a combination of donepezil and losartan (DLT group) or losartan alone (LT group). Compared with the LT group, the DLT group showed a significantly lower heart rate without hypotension. DLT therapy further improved 280‐day overall survival relative to the LT group (31% vs. 8%, P = 0.022) by preventing cardiac dysfunction (LV dP/dtmax, 4064 ± 170 vs. 3430 ± 117 mmHg/s, P < 0.01; LV end‐diastolic pressure, 17 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05). DLT therapy was also associated with lower plasma BNP and catecholamine levels, lower cardiac angiotensin II concentrations, and higher capillary density in the peri‐infarct region.

Conclusions

Combined treatment with donepezil and losartan prevented the progression of cardiac dysfunction and improved the long‐term survival of CHF rats with extensive MI, suggesting that this combination could be a novel pharmacotherapy for severe CHF.
Synthesis of Internal Alkynes by Pd(PPh3)4/TMEDA‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling of Alkynyl Halides with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Zhang Mao‐Mei , Gong Jun , Song Ren‐Jie , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: September 2014

Alkynes serve as prevalent intermediates in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceuticals. We here described a new and efficient route to internal alkynes by Pd‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling reactions of alkynyl halides with Grignard reagents. In the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and N1,N1,N2,N2‐tetramethylethane‐1,2‐diamine (TMEDA), a variety of alkynyl halides underwent Kumada coupling with Grignard reagents, giving the corresponding internal alkynes in moderate to good yields.
How Predictable Are Equity Covariance Matrices? Evidence from High‐Frequency Data for Four Markets
Authors: Buckle Mike , Chen Jing , Williams Julian
Published: September 2014

Most pricing and hedging models rely on the long‐run temporal stability of a sample covariance matrix. Using a large dataset of equity prices from four countries—the USA, UK, Japan and Germany—we test the stability of realized sample covariance matrices using two complementary approaches: a standard covariance equality test and a novel matrix loss function approach. Our results present a pessimistic outlook for equilibrium models that require the covariance of assets returns to mean revert in the long run. We find that, while a daily first‐order Wishart autoregression is the best covariance matrix‐generating candidate, this non‐mean‐reverting process cannot capture all of the time series variation in the covariance‐generating process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
miR‐203 Is a Direct Transcriptional Target of E2F1 and Causes G1 Arrest in Esophageal Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhang Kun , Dai Limeng , Zhang Bo , Xu Xueqing , Shi Jiazhong , Fu Liyuan , Chen Xuedan , Li Juan , Bai Yun
Published: September 2014

miR‐203 act as tumor repressor by inhibiting cell proliferation and is repressed in a variety of human tumors, although the molecular mechanisms responsible have not been elucidated. Here, we reveal that miR‐203 is regulated by E2F1, an important transcription factor that can induce cell proliferation by controlling cell cycle progression. We found that miR‐203 expression was induced by cisplatin, which also induced E2F1 protein accumulation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines. miR‐203 expression was elevated upon activation of ectopic E2F1, whereas this induction was abolished when the E2F1 gene was silenced. Moreover, with luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, we demonstrated that E2F1 transactivates miR‐203 by directly binding to the miR‐203 gene promoter. In addition, we found that miR‐203 inhibited cell proliferation by inducing G1/S cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis, in ESCC cell lines. Finally, we observed that miR‐203 negatively inhibited the expression of CDK6, subsequently decreasing E2F1 expression possibly through Rb phosphorylation. Taken together, our data show that cancer‐related miR‐203 is a novel transcriptional target of E2F1 and that it regulates cell cycle arrest by participating in a feedback loop with E2F1. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 903–910, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Justicidin A‐Induced Autophagy Flux Enhances Apoptosis of Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via Class III PI3K and Atg5 Pathway
Authors: Won Shen‐Jeu , Yen Cheng‐Hsin , Liu Hsiao‐Sheng , Wu Shan‐Ying , Lan Sheng‐Hui , Jiang‐Shieh Ya‐Fen , Lin Chun‐Nan , Su Chun‐Li
Published: September 2014

Our previous reports showed that justicidin A (JA), a novel and pure arylnaphthalide lignan isolated from Justicia procumbens, induces apoptosis of human colorectal cancer cells and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, leading to the suppression of both tumor cell growth in NOD‐SCID mice. Here, we reveal that JA induces autophagy in human colorectal cancer HT‐29 cells by conversion of autophagic marker LC3‐I to LC3‐II. Furthermore, LC3 puncta and autophagic vesicle formation, and SQSTM1/p62 suppression were observed. Administration of autophagy inhibitor (bafilomycin A1 and chloroquine) and transfection of a tandem fluorescent‐tagged LC3 (mRFP‐GFP) reporter plasmid (ptfLC3) demonstrated that JA induces autophagy flux in HT‐29 cells. Expression of LC3, SQSTM1, Beclin 1, and nuclear DNA double‐strand breaks (representing apoptosis) were also detected in the tumor tissue of HT‐29 cells transplanted into NOD‐SCID mice orally administrated with JA. In addition, the expression of autophagy signaling pathway‐related molecules p‐PDK1, p‐mTOR, p‐p70S6k/p‐RPS6KB2 was decreased, whereas that of class III PI3K, Beclin 1, Atg5‐Atg12, and mitochondrial BNIP3 was increased in response to JA. Pre‐treatment of the cells with class III PI3K inhibitor 3‐methyladenine or Atg5 shRNA attenuated JA‐induced LC3‐II expression and LC3 puncta formation, indicating the involvement of class III PI3K and Atg5. A novel mechanism was demonstrated in the anticancer compound JA; pre‐treatment with 3‐methyladenine or Atg5 shRNA blocked JA‐induced suppression in cell growth and colony formation, respectively, via inhibition of apoptosis. In contrast, administration of apoptosis inhibitor Z‐VAD did not affect JA‐induced autophagy. Our data suggest the chemotherapeutic potential of JA for treatment of human colorectal cancer. J. Cell. Physiol. 230: 930–946, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Conjugated Random Copolymer of Benzodithiophene‐Difluorobenzene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole with Full Visible‐Light Absorption for Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Li Zhanfeng , Zhang Haiqing , Liu Weipeng , Xu Xiaoxiang , Si Changfeng , Cui Yanxia , Sun Qinjun , Wang Hua , Shi Fang , Hao Yuying
Published: September 2014

Stille coupling polymerization is used to synthesize a new donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated random copolymer (PBDT‐DFB‐DPP) that comprises an electron‐rich benzodithiophene (BDT) unit in conjugation with electron‐deficient 2,5‐difluorobenzene (DFB) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) moieties, which have complementary light‐absorption behavior. The thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties of the polymer are investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The random copolymer exhibits both broad light absorption and a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, which contribute to enhancement of the short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and open‐circuit voltage (Voc). A bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cell fabricated from PBDT‐DFB‐DPP and PC60BM exhibits a promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.50%.

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Dietary stimulators of GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle: A mini‐review
Authors: Gannon Nicholas P. , Conn Carole A. , Vaughan Roger A.
Published: September 2014

Chronic insulin resistance can lead to type II diabetes mellitus, which is also directly influenced by an individual's genetics as well as their lifestyle. Under normal circumstances, insulin facilitates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by stimulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and activity. GLUT4 activity is directly correlated with the ability to clear elevated blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. In diabetes, energy excess and prolonged hyperinsulinemia suppress muscle and adipose response to insulin, in part through reduced GLUT4 membrane levels. This work uniquely describes much of the experimental data demonstrating the effects of various dietary components on GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle. These observations implicate several individual dietary chemicals as potential adjuvant therapies in the maintenance of diabetes and insulin resistance.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping in the abdomen as an imaging biomarker of hepatic iron overload
Authors: Sharma Samir D. , Hernando Diego , Horng Debra E. , Reeder Scott B.
Published: September 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to develop and demonstrate feasibility and initial clinical validation of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in the abdomen as an imaging biomarker of hepatic iron overload. Theory and Methods: In general, QSM is faced with the challenges of background field removal and dipole inversion. Respiratory motion, the presence of fat, and severe iron overload further complicate QSM in the abdomen. We propose a technique for QSM in the abdomen that addresses these challenges. Data were acquired from 10 subjects without hepatic iron overload and 33 subjects with known or suspected iron overload. The proposed technique was used to estimate the susceptibility map in the abdomen, from which hepatic iron overload was measured. As a reference, spin‐echo data were acquired for R2‐based LIC estimation. Liver R2* was measured for correlation with liver susceptibility estimates. Results: Correlation between susceptibility and R2‐based LIC estimation was R2 = 0.76 at 1.5 Tesla (T) and R2 = 0.83 at 3T. Furthermore, high correlation between liver susceptibility and liver R2* (R2 = 0.94 at 1.5T; R2 = 0.93 at 3T) was observed. Conclusion: We have developed and demonstrated initial validation of QSM in the abdomen as an imaging biomarker of hepatic iron overload. Magn Reson Med 74:673–683, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spirometry and regular follow‐up do not improve quality of life in children or adolescents with asthma: Cluster randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abramson Michael J. , Schattner Rosa L. , Holton Christine , Simpson Pam , Briggs Nancy , Beilby Justin , Nelson Mark R. , Wood‐Baker Richard , Thien Francis , Sulaiman Nabil D. , Colle Eleonora Del , Wolfe Rory , Crockett Alan J. , Massie R. John
Published: September 2014

Rationale

To determine whether spirometry and regular medical review improved quality of life or other outcomes in children and adolescents with asthma.

Methods

We conducted two cluster randomized controlled trials. We recruited 238 asthma patients aged between 7 and 17 years from 56 general practices in South Eastern Australia.

Participants were randomized to receive an intervention that included spirometry or usual care. The main outcome measure was asthma related quality of life.

Results

Baseline characteristics were well matched between the intervention and control groups. Neither trial found any difference in asthma related quality of life between groups. However because of measurement properties, a formal meta‐analysis could not be performed. Nor were there any significant effects of the intervention upon asthma attacks, limitation to usual activities, nocturnal cough, bother during physical activity, worry about asthma, or written asthma action plans.

Conclusions

The findings do not support more widespread use of spirometry for the management of childhood asthma in general practice, unless it is integrated into a complete management model. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:947–954. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of non‐stationarity in the surface layer during the T‐REX experiment
Authors: Večenaj Ž. , De Wekker S. F. J.
Published: September 2014

Stationarity is a fundamental assumption in the statistical investigation of turbulence and the development of similarity functions that are widely used in surface‐layer parametrization schemes. Non‐stationary time series should therefore be removed from the analysis before assessing turbulence statistics used in similarity functions. Many approaches have been developed over the years to determine non‐stationarity of means and (co‐)variances, but there has been no systematic investigation of the differences and similarities between the approaches. In this article, we contrast several frequently used approaches, including two statistical tests to determine trends, the determination of a non‐stationarity ratio, and the determination of differences in turbulence statistics calculated for different averaging times. We apply these approaches to near‐surface time series of wind and temperature collected during the Terrain‐induced Rotor Experiment (T‐REX). Our results show that the degree of non‐stationarity varies considerably with the approach used. Investigation of the time series that are declared stationary by all the above approaches simultaneously reveals that in many cases such time series still show a behaviour indicative of intermittent turbulence, both for stable and unstable conditions. When these approaches are combined with an additional condition for the intermittency level, a rigorous approach for the detection of non‐stationarity is developed.
Linear mixed‐effects models for central statistical monitoring of multicenter clinical trials
Authors: Desmet L. , Venet D. , Doffagne E. , Timmermans C. , Burzykowski T. , Legrand C. , Buyse M.
Published: September 2014

Multicenter studies are widely used to meet accrual targets in clinical trials. Clinical data monitoring is required to ensure the quality and validity of the data gathered across centers. One approach to this end is central statistical monitoring, which aims at detecting atypical patterns in the data by means of statistical methods. In this context, we consider the simple case of a continuous variable, and we propose a detection procedure based on a linear mixed‐effects model to detect location differences between each center and all other centers. We describe the performance of the procedure as a function of contamination rate and signal‐to‐noise ratio. We investigate the effect of center size and variance structure and illustrate the use of the procedure using data from two multicenter clinical trials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conceptualizing and Measuring Youth–Adult Partnership in Community Programs: A Cross National Study
Authors: Zeldin Shepherd , Krauss Steven Eric , Collura Jessica , Lucchesi Micaela , Sulaiman Abdul Hadi
Published: September 2014

Youth participation in program and community decision making is framed by scholars as an issue of social justice, a platform for positive youth development and effective citizenry, and a strategy for nation building. Recent literature reviews have consistently identified youth–adult partnership (Y–AP) as an effective type of youth participation across highly diverse contexts. These same reviews, however, note that indicators of Y–AP have not been conceptualized and validated for measurement purposes. The present study addresses this limitation by developing a brief measure of Y–AP that is explicitly grounded in current theory, research, and community practice. The measure was administered to youth in the United States, Malaysia, and Portugal (N = 610). Validation was assessed through factor analysis and tests of factorial, discriminant, and concurrent validity. Results confirmed the two predicted dimensions of the Y–AP measure: youth voice in decision making and supportive adult relationships. These two dimensions were also found to be distinct from other measures of program quality: safety and engagement. As predicted, they also significantly correlated with measures of agency and empowerment. It is concluded that the measure has the potential to support community efforts to maximize the quality of youth programs.
On the Asymptotic Relative Efficiency of Planned Missingness Designs
Authors: Rhemtulla Mijke , Savalei Victoria , Little Todd D.
Published: September 2014

In planned missingness (PM) designs, certain data are set a priori to be missing. PM designs can increase validity and reduce cost; however, little is known about the loss of efficiency that accompanies these designs. The present paper compares PM designs to reduced sample (RN) designs that have the same total number of data points concentrated in fewer participants. In 4 studies, we consider models for both observed and latent variables, designs that do or do not include an “X set” of variables with complete data, and a full range of between- and within-set correlation values. All results are obtained using asymptotic relative efficiency formulas, and thus no data are generated; this novel approach allows us to examine whether PM designs have theoretical advantages over RN designs removing the impact of sampling error. Our primary findings are that (a) in manifest variable regression models, estimates of regression coefficients have much lower relative efficiency in PM designs as compared to RN designs, (b) relative efficiency of factor correlation or latent regression coefficient estimates is maximized when the indicators of each latent variable come from different sets, and (c) the addition of an X set improves efficiency in manifest variable regression models only for the parameters that directly involve the X-set variables, but it substantially improves efficiency of most parameters in latent variable models. We conclude that PM designs can be beneficial when the model of interest is a latent variable model; recommendations are made for how to optimize such a design.
Accuracy of Individualized Custom Tibial Cutting Guides in UKA
Authors: Heyse Thomas J. , Lipman Joseph D. , Imhauser Carl W. , Tucker Scott M. , Rajak Yogesh , Westrich Geoffrey H.
Published: September 2014

Background

Component malposition is one of the major reasons for early failure of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA).

Questions/Purposes

It was investigated how reproducibly patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) achieved preoperatively planned placement of the tibial component in UKA specifically assessing coronal alignment, slope and flexion of the components and axial rotation.

Patients and Methods

Based on computer tomography models of ten cadaver legs, PSI jigs were generated to guide cuts perpendicular to the tibial axis in the coronal and sagittal planes and in neutral axial rotation. Deviation ≥3° from the designed orientation in a postoperative CT was defined as outside the range of acceptable alignment.

Results

Mean coronal alignment was 0.4 ± 3.2° varus with two outliers. Mean slope was 2.8 ± 3.9° with six components in excessive flexion. It was noted that the implants were put in a mean of 1.7 ± 8.0° of external rotation with seven outliers

Conclusions

PSI helped achieve the planned coronal orientation of the component. The guides were less accurate in setting optimal tray rotation and slope.