bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CONCEPT AND SİGNİFİCANCE OF THE İNVALİDİTY OF TRANSACTİONS
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti Magistrant, Tofiq qızı Rəhimova Həcər
Published: June 2022

Əqdin etibarsızlığı əqd formasında həyata keçirilən hərəkətlərin hüquqi fakt xarakteri daşımaması deməkdir. Etibarsız əqdin etibarsızlığının nəticələrindən başqa heç bir hüquqi nəticəsi yoxdur. Belə bir əməliyyat bağlandığı andan etibarsızdır.Hüquq normalarına uyğun gəlməyən əqdlər, iddianın məhkəməyə verilməsindən və ya məhkəmə tərəfindən etibarsız sayılmasından asılı olmayaraq, özlüyündə etibarsız sayılır. İstənilən maraqlı şəxs belə əqdlərin etibarsızlığının nəticələrinin tətbiqini tələb edə bilər. Bu məqalədə əqdlərin etibarsızlığı mövzusu və mübahisəli və etibarsız əməliyyatlar arasındakı fərq vurğulanır. Mübahisəli və etibarsız əqdlər əqdin məhkəmə tərəfindən etibarsız sayılmasının zəruriliyi meyarına görə fərqləndirilir. Müəyyən qüsurları olduqda, yəni qanunla müəyyən edilmiş etibarlılıq meyarlarına cavab vermədikdə əqd etibarsız sayılır. Bu məqalədə əqdlərin etibarsızlıq institutu da tarixi aspektdə nəzərdən keçirilir. Açar sözlər: əqd anlayışı, mülki hüquq, konstitusiya, etibarsız əqd, etibarsızlıq, əqdin etibarsızlığı. Hajar Tofig Rahimova THE CONCEPT AND SİGNİFİCANCE OF THE İNVALİDİTY OF TRANSACTİONS Abstract Invalidity of a transaction means that the actions carried out in the form of a transaction are not of a legal fact. An invalid transaction has no legal consequences other than the consequences of invalidity. Such a transaction is invalid from the moment of its conclusion. Transactions that do not comply with the law are considered invalid in themselves, regardless of whether the claim is filed in court or declared invalid by the court. Any interested person may demand the application of the consequences of the invalidity of such transactions. This article highlights the invalidity of transactions and the difference between disputed and invalid transactions. Disputed and invalid transactions are distinguished by the criterion of the necessity of invalidation of the transaction by the court. The transaction is considered invalid if it has certain defects, ie does not meet the reliability criteria established by law. This article also looks at the institution of invalidity of transactions from a historical perspective. Key words: concept of deal, civil law, constitution, invalid deal, invalidity, invalidity of the deal.
YALAN VƏ ALDADICI REKLAMLAR MÜƏLLİF HÜQUQLARININ POZULMASI KİMİ
Authors:   Baku State University Master degree, Afig Zeynalova Nazrin
Published: June 2022

In a competitive life, an intensive flow of information leads to disinformation and copyright infringement. The role of advertising in the flow of information is great. Advertising is also the object of copyright, so, any infringement in the advertising industry is directly related to copyright. Advertising is sometimes false and deceptive, which leads to misunderstanding, deception of the consumer and in some cases to copyright infringement, theft of people's mental works. It can be understood as a new generation of a thief in contrast to the classical act of theft. İn analyzing the topic of false and misleading advertising as copyright infringement, we will analyze the essence, purpose, types, subjects of false advertising, in which cases advertising is considered a violation of copyright, the legal responsibility of the creators of false advertising. Key words: copyright, advertising, copyright infringement, intellectual property, unfair advertising, inexact advertising, hidden advertising, false advertising, unfair competition, misleading advertising Nəzrin Afiq qızı Zeynalova YALAN VƏ ALDADICI REKLAMLAR MÜƏLLİF HÜQUQLARININ POZULMASI KİMİ Xülasə Rəqabətli həyatda intensiv informasiya axımı dezinformasiyaya və müəlliflik hüquqlarının pozulmasına səbəb olur. İnformasiya axımında reklamların rolu böyükdür. Reklam da, müəlliflik hüquqlarının obyekti olduğu üçün reklam sənayesində hər hansı pozuntu birbaşa müəlliflik hüquqları ilə əlaqəlidir. Reklamlar bəzən yalan və aldadıcı olur ki, bu da anlaşılmazlığa, istehlakçının aldadılmasına, bəzi hallarda isə müəlliflik hüquqlarının pozulmasına, insanların əqli fəaliyyətlərinin oğurlanmasına gətirib çıxarır. Bunu klassik oğurluq əməlindən fərqli olaraq oğurluğun yeni nəsli kimi başa düşmək olar. Yalan və aldadıcı reklamlar müəlliflik hüquqlarının pozulması kimi mövzusunu araşdırarkən yalan reklamların mahiyyətini, məqsədini, növlərini, subyektlərini, hansı hallarda reklamın müəlliflik hüquqlarının pozulması hesab olunmasını, saxta reklam yaradıcılarının hüquqi məsuliyyətini təhlil edəcəyik. Açar sözlər: müəllif hüquqları, reklam, müəllif hüquqlarının pozulması, əqli mülkiyyət, haqsız reklam, qeyri-dəqiq reklam, gizli reklam, yalan reklam, haqsız rəqabət, aldadıcı reklam
EVALUATION OF THE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF SHUSHA
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti Magistrant, İsrafil oğlu İsmayılzadə Yusif
Published: June 2022

Azad edilmiş Qarabağ torpaqları bütün imkanları ilə Azərbaycanın ən vacib regionlarından biridir. Yeraltı və yerüstü sərvətlərlə zəngin olan Qarabağın turizm potensialı kifayət qədər genişdir. Burada turizmin bir çox növləri - ekoturizm, dağ turizmi, qış turizmi, ov turizmi, sağlamlıq turizminin inkişafı üçün bütün imkanlar mövcuddur. Qarabağın əsas turizm potensialı Şuşa və Ağdamda çəmlənsə də, regionunun bütün bölgələri müalicə və istirahət üçün yararlı idi. Vaxtilə Şuşa və Ağdam rayonlarında yerləşən məşhur “Şuşa”, “Gülablı” sanatoriyaları, Şuşanın istirahət evləri, məktəblilərin yay tətilində dincəlməsini təmin edən düşərgələr görülən yenidənqurma işlərindən sonra öz füsunkar görkəmlərini tamamilə dəyişəcəkdir. Azərbaycan mədəniyyətinin incisi Şuşa şəhərinin tarixi abidələri, özünəməxsus arxitekturası yeni turizm marşrutlarının yaradılmasına imkan verir. Şuşada Pənahəli xanın sarayı, Yuxarı Gövhər ağa məscidi, Aşağı Gövhər ağa məscidi, Xurşidbanu Natəvanın evi, Molla Pənah Vaqifin məqbərəsi, Şuşa mağara düşərgəsi, Şuşa qalası kimi tarixi abidələr və muzeylər ziyan görsə də, sürətlə bərpa işləri aparılacaq. Açar sözlər: Azərbaycan, Şuşa, Qarabağ, turizm potensialı, turist Yusif Israfil Ismayılzade EVALUATION OF THE TOURISM POTENTIAL OF SHUSHA Abstract The liberated lands of Karabakh are one of the most important regions of Azerbaijan with all its capabilities. The tourism potential of Karabakh, rich in underground and surface resources, is quite wide. There are many opportunities for the development of many types of tourism - ecotourism, mountain tourism, winter tourism, hunting tourism, health tourism. Although the main tourism potential of Karabakh was concentrated in Shusha and Agdam, all regions of the region were suitable for treatment and recreation. The famous "Shusha" and "Gulabli" sanatoriums, once located in Shusha and Aghdam districts, Shusha rest homes, summer camps for schoolchildren during the summer holidays will completely change their charming appearance after the reconstruction work. The pearl of Azerbaijani culture, the historical monuments of Shusha, its unique architecture allow the creation of new tourist routes. Although historical monuments and museums such as Panahali khan's palace, Yukhari Govhar aga mosque, Ashagi Govhar aga mosque, Khurshidbanu Natava's house, Molla Panah Vagif's mausoleum, Shusha cave camp, Shusha fortress were damaged in Shusha, restoration work will be carried out rapidly. Key words: Azerbaijan, Shusha, Karabakh, tourism potential, tourist
THE EFFECTS OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE AZERBAIJANI ECONOMY AND ANTI-CRISIS MEASURED
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət İqtisad Universiteti  Magistrant, İsa oğlu Həsənov Həmid
Published: June 2022

Bu araşdırma Azərbaycanın daxili və xarici siyasi proseslərini və 2020-ci ildə ölkə iqtisadiyyatında baş verənləri araşdırır. 2020-ci il bütün dünyada olduğu kimi, Azərbaycan üçün də mühüm hadisələrin baş verdiyi il oldu. 2020-ci ilin yanvar ayında Çinin Vuhan şəhərində ortaya çıxan və Ümumdünya Səhiyyə Təşkilatı tərəfindən qlobal pandemiya kimi qəbul edilən Koronavirus (COVID-19) epidemiyası da öz təsirləri ilə qlobal iqtisadi böhrana çevrilib. Açar sözlər: Pandemiya, iqtisadiyyat, böhran, neft, qiymət, ixrac. Hamid Isa Hasanov THE EFFECTS OF THE CRISIS CAUSED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE AZERBAIJANI ECONOMY AND ANTI-CRISIS MEASURED Abstract This research examines the domestic and foreign political processes in Azerbaijan and what happened in the country's economy in 2020. 2020 was a year of important events for Azerbaijan, as well as all over the world. The Coronavirus (Covid-19) Epidemic, which broke out in January 2020 in Wuhan, China, and was recognized by the World Health Organization as a global pandemic, has also turned into a global economic crisis. Key words: Pandemic, economy, crisis, oil, price, export.
THE RESTRICTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN A STATE OF EMERGENCY AND PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikası Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası Magistrant, Sahib oğlu Abbaszadə Xəyal
Published: June 2022

Bu məqalədə əsas insan hüquq və azadlıqlarının fövqəladə vəziyyət şəraitində məhdudlaşdırılmasının prinsip və şərtləri təhlil olunmaqla, ümumilikdə fövqəladə vəziyyətin anlayışı, bu vəziyyətdə dövlətin öhdəlik götürdüyü vəzifələrin icrasından geri çəkilməsinin şərtləri, fövqəladə vəziyyət şəraitində hüquqların məhdudlaşdırılmasının xarakterik cəhətləri təhlil edilir, beynəlxalq hüquqi sənədlərdə təsbit olunmuş təminatların növlərinə nəzər salınaraq xüsusilə prosessual hüquqi təminatların mahiyyəti açıqlanır, fövqəladə vəziyyət şəraitində hüquq və azadlıqların məhdudlaşdırılmasında beynəlxalq hüququn yeri və rolu aydınlaşdırılır, normal şəraitdə, eləcə də fövqəladə vəziyyət rejimində yol verilən məhdudiyyətlər və deroqasiya hüququ şərh olunur. Məqalənin məqsədi eyni zamanda, əsas insan hüquq və azadlıqlarının fövqəladə vəziyyət şəraitində məhdudlaşdırılmasının özünə məxsusluğuna diqqəti cəlb etmək, bu istiqamətdə dövlətlərin xüsusi öhdəliklərini və müvafiq təminat mexanizmlərini, eləcə də ekstremal hallarda tətbiq edilən məhdudiyyətlərə dair mövcud beynəlxalq hüquq normalarını təhlil etmək və mövcud çatışmazlıqları müəyyən etməkdən ibarətdir. Açar sözlər: Fövqəladə vəziyyət, beynəlxalq hüquq, insan hüquq və azadlıqları, məhdudlaşdırma, öhdəliklər, geriçəkilmə, prosessual təminat, konvensiya. Khayal Sahib Abbaszade THE RESTRICTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN A STATE OF EMERGENCY AND PROCEDURAL GUARANTEES Abstract This article examines the principles and conditions of restriction of human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency, the concept of a state of emergency, the conditions of derogation from their obligations of the states in this situation, the characteristics of the restriction of rights in a state of emergency. The place and role of international law in the restriction of rights and freedoms in a state of emergency, in particular, the essence of procedural legal guarantees is clarified, the restrictions and the right to derogation under normal circumstances, as well as in a state of emergency are explained. The purpose of the article is to draw attention to the specific nature of the restriction of fundamental human rights and freedoms in a state of emergency, to analyze the specific obligations of states and relevant guarantee mechanisms existing in international law and to identify existing shortcomings. Key words: A state of emergency, international law, human rights and freedoms, restriction, obligations, derogation, procedural guarantees, convention.
İNSANLIQ ƏLEYHİNƏ CİNAYƏTLƏRİN FORMALAŞMASINA TARİXİ BAXIŞ
Authors:   Baku State University Master degree, Taleh Bandaliyev Zaur
Published: June 2022

In today's world, there is a greater need to strengthen international control and improve systems for peaceful conflict settlement. To a certain extent, reforming international justice, including increasing the effectiveness of the International Court of Justice can solve this problem. After the first and Second World Wars, the establishment of the UN International Court of Justice (ICJ) was necessary for providing legal assistance to states in order to ensure peace both, at the national and international levels. The International Court of Justice (ICJ), commonly known as the "World Court," is tasked with resolving international law disputes submitted to it by states. The significance of the International Court of Justice's foundation and its historical need will be addressed in this article. Key words: international, criminal, international criminal, International Court of Justice, history of World Court. Zaur Taleh oğlu Bəndalıyev İNSANLIQ ƏLEYHİNƏ CİNAYƏTLƏRİN FORMALAŞMASINA TARİXİ BAXIŞ Xülasə İnsanlıq əleyhinə cinayətlər – qəsdən öldürmə, qəsdən xəsarət yetirmə, işgəncə, əzab və ya əsarət, şəxs azadlığından məhrum etmə, elmi təcrübələrə məruz qalma, cinsi təcavüz, uşaqlara qarşı cinsi istismar, məcburi hamiləlik, məcburi fahişəlik. Bu, cəmiyyətin bir hissəsinə qarşı bir plana uyğun olaraq siyasi, fəlsəfi, irqi və ya dini motivlərin sistematik şəkildə işlənməsidir. Bu konsepsiya İkinci Dünya Müharibəsindən sonra geniş istifadə olunur. Bu termin ilk olaraq 28 may 1915-də İngiltərə, Fransa və Rusiyanın, Türkiyədəki ermənilərin qətl edildikləri iddiasıyla nəşr etdikləri bəyannamədə yer almışdır. İkinci Dünya Müharibəsindən sonra qəbul edilən Nürnberq Beynəlxalq Hərbi Cinayət Məhkəməsinin yurisdiksiyasında (səlahiyyətində) bəşəriyyətə (insanlığa) qarşı cinayətlər də sayılmışdır. Tərifi və əhatə dairəsi mübahisəli olmasına baxmayaraq, həm beynəlxalq, həm də milli şəkildə cəzalandırılması üçün qaydalar qəbul edilmişdir. İnsanlıq əleyhinə olan cinayətlər quruluş baxımından motivasiya və intensivlik meyarları ilə adi cinayətlərdən fərqlənir, həm də prosedur baxımından fasilələrə məruz qalmırlar. Roma Statusu1998-ci ildə Birləşmiş Millətlər Təşkilatının konfransında beynəlxalq səviyyədə kollektiv şəkildə törədilən insanlığa qarşı cinayətləri mühakimə etmək və cəzalandırmaq məqsədi ilə qəbul edilmiş və Beynəlxalq Cinayət Məhkəməsi2002-ci il iyulun 1-dən vəzifəsinə başlamışdır. Nürnberq Beynəlxalq Hərbi Cinayət Məhkəməsi, nasistlərin sovet əsirlərinə qarşı etdikləri cinayətlərin insanlığa qarşı cinayətlərə örnək olmasına dair qərar çıxarıb. Açar sözlər: beynəlxalq, cinayət, beynəlxalq məhkəmə, Beynəlxalq Ədalət Məhkəməsi, Dünya Məhkəməsinin tarixi.
EXISTENCE OF A FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS SHAREHOLDERS, OWNERS AND ALL STAKEHOLDERS TO MAKE JUSTIFIED ECONOMIC DECISIONS
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikası Auditorlar Palatasının İctimaiyyətlə əlaqə və informasiya şöbəsinin müdir müavini, Şakir qızı Əlisoy Nigar
Published: June 2022

Qlobal iqtisadiyyatda maliyyə uçot sisteminin düzgün təşkili və idarə edilməsi ən məsuliyyətli və çətin fəaliyyət sahələrindən biri hesab olunur. Bu sahə ilə məşğul olan müvafiq şöbənin əsas işi təşkilatın idarəetmə və maliyyə hesabatlarının tərtibi ilə bağlıdr. Araşdırma göstərir ki, bu sistemin lazimi səviyyədə qurulmaması birbaşa təşkilatın taleyinə təsir etməklə mənfi nəticələr doğurur. Çünki, maliyyə hesabatlarında təqdim olunan məlmatlar investorların və digər maraqlı tərəflərin qərarlarına təsir edir. Buna görə də, maliyyə uçot sisteminin sistemin düzgün təşkili olduqca vacibdir. Məqalədə maliyyə uçot sisteminin müasir vəziyyəti araşdırılır. Bu məqsədlə, təhlil, müqayisə və ümumiləşdirmə metodlarından istifadə edilir. Tədqiqatın sonunda araşdırmanın nəticələri öz əksini tapır. Açar sözlər: Mühasibat uçotu, maliyyə hesabatları, audit, təşkilat, nəzarət. Nigar Shakir Alisov EXISTENCE OF A FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM THAT ALLOWS SHAREHOLDERS, OWNERS AND ALL STAKEHOLDERS TO MAKE JUSTIFIED ECONOMIC DECISIONS Abstract One of the most responsible and demanding areas of activity in the global economy is the proper structure and management of the financial accounting system. The major task of the relevant department in charge of this area is to prepare the organization's management and financial statements. Research shows that the inadequacy of this system has a direct impact on the fate of the organization. This is because the financial statements' information has an impact on the decisions of investors and other stakeholders. As a result, the financial accounting system's correct organization is critical. The current situation of the financial accounting system is examined in this article. Methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization are employed for this goal. At the end of the study, the results of the study are reflected. Key words: Accounting, financial statements, audit, organization, control.
CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL BASES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS İN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Azərbaycan Respublikasınin Prezidenti yanında Dövlət İdarəçilik Akademiyası Magistrant, Rafiq qızı Hacıyeva Aytən
Published: June 2022

Məqalə əqli mülkiyyət hüququnun anlayışı və əsaslarını konstitusion hüquqi aspektdən tədqiq etmişdir. Eyni zamanda mövzuda əqli mülkiyyət, əqli mülkiyyət obyektləri, əqli mülkiyyət hüquqları sahiblərinin maraqlarının qorunması ilə bağlı yaranan münasibətlər nəzəri olaraq şərh edilmişdir. Araşdırma zamanı Azərbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiyanda təsbit edilmiş insan və vətəndaş hüquq və azadlıqları əqli mülkiyyət hüququ ilə qarşılıqlı əlaqələndirilmişdir. Bundan əlavə, digər qanunvericilik aktlarında əqli mülkiyyət hüquqlarının müdafiəsinin təmin edilməsi ilə bağlı normalar konstitusion müddəalarla qarşılıqlı təhlil edilmişdir. Açar sözlər: Azərbaycan Respublikasının Konstitusiyası, konstitusiya hüququ, insan hüquqları, əqli mülkiyyət hüquqları, əqli mülkiyyət sistemi, intellektual məhsul, müəlliflik hüquqları, yaradıcılıq azadlığı, əqli fəaliyyət. Hajiyeva Ayten Rafig CONSTITUTIONAL LEGAL BASES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS İN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN Abstract The article explores the concept and basis of intellectual property rights from a constitutional legal perspective. At the same time, the relations related to the protection of intellectual property, intellectual property objects, protection of the interests of the owners of intellectual property rights were theoretically commented on the topic. During the investigation, human and civil rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan were interrelated with the right to intellectual property. In addition, the norms related to the protection of intellectual property rights in other legislative acts have been mutually analyzed with constitutional provisions. Key words: The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan, constitution law, human rights, intellectual property rights, intellectual property system, intellectual product, copyright, creative freedom, intellectual activity.
EDUCATION AND EARLY DETECTION AS A COMMUNITY DISCLOSURE EFFORT TO MENTAL HEALTH
Authors: Fitriasari Andikawati , Purwanti Nunik , Khamida  , Hidaayah Nur
Published: June 2022

Mental health is a problem that cannot be fully resolved, both at global and national levels. Public knowledge and understanding of mental health is an important point in realizing public openness to emotional mental disorders. The purpose of this activity is to increase knowledge about mental health and to detect cases of mental emotional disorders in the community early. The method used in this community service activity is providing health education. This activity was carried out for one month and was attended by 70 cadres. Knowledge of mental health and early detection of mental emotional disorders using the Self Rating Questionnaire). The results of community service show that knowledge about mental health is very good and mental emotional disorders are detected.
Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Buah Ihau (Dimocarpus longan var. malesianus Leenh) Terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif (Staphylococcus aureus)
Authors: Rahmawati Irma Sarita , Widyanto Rahma Micho , Maulidiana Annisa Rizky , Madani Muhammad Surya , Riski Choirun Nisa
Published: June 2022

Ihau fruit (Dimocarpus longan var. malesianus Leenh) is a typical Kalimantan fruit which has a longan-like morphology. The vitamin C content and various phytochemical compounds of ihau has the potential as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent. This study aimed to determine the potential antioxidant and antibacterial activity of ihau extract on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro with a post-test only control group design. Samples were extracted with 96% ethanol and water using the maceration method. Antioxidant activity measured using DPPH test. Antibacterial test using well diffusion method was performed in six treatment groups (ethanol extract concentration 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100mg/ml), positive control (Ampicillin) and negative control (sterile distilled water). The results showed that IC50 value for the ethanol extract of ihau was 681.05 g/ml and the aqueous extract was 698.3 g/ml. The antibacterial test indicated that ethanol extract had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus at 70 mg/ml to 100 mg/ml concentration. It can be concluded that ihau fruit extract has antibacterial ability against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) but does not have antioxidant activity.

Keywords - Ihau fruit, ethanol extract, antioxidant, antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus.
Os aspectos fundamentais no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de números fracionários na educação básica: uma ressignificação na estratégia metodológica nos problemas com frações
Authors: Silva Pontes Edel Alexandre
Published: June 2022

O processo de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática, nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, tem sido uma questão tratada e estudada cuidadosamente por pesquisadores e educadores, sempre posicionando o aprendiz no centro de todo processo educacional. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta para o ensino e aprendizagem de frações, através de uma ressignificação nos princípios e relações Matemáticas que conduzem aos conceitos de números fracionários. A estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem de frações foi aplicada em uma turma de25 alunos, entre 9 e 11 anos, do 5º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública municipal da cidade de Rio Largo. A ressignificação do processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conceitos de fração determinou implicações positivas que foram manifestadas pelo bom desempenho dos alunos nas questões recomendadas. Espera-se que pesquisas futuras envolvendo o ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática, por ressignificação de conceitos, sejam conduzidas, nos diversos níveis de ensino, para melhor execução e compreensão de modelos matemáticos.
On Polynomials Counting Essentially Irreducible Maps
Authors: Budd Timothy
Published: June 2022

We consider maps on genus-$g$ surfaces with $n$ (labeled) faces of prescribed even degrees. It is known since work of Norbury that, if one disallows vertices of degree one, the enumeration of such maps is related to the counting of lattice point in the moduli space of genus-$g$ curves with $n$ labeled points and is given by a symmetric polynomial $N_{g,n}(\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n)$ in the face degrees $2\ell_1, \ldots, 2\ell_n$. We generalize this by restricting to genus-$g$ maps that are essentially $2b$-irreducible for $b\geq 0$, which loosely speaking means that they are not allowed to possess contractible cycles of length less than $2b$ and each such cycle of length $2b$ is required to bound a face of degree $2b$. The enumeration of such maps is shown to be again given by a symmetric polynomial $\hat{N}_{g,n}^{(b)}(\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n)$ in the face degrees with a polynomial dependence on $b$. These polynomials satisfy (generalized) string and dilaton equations, which for $g\leq 1$ uniquely determine them. The proofs rely heavily on a substitution approach by Bouttier and Guitter and the enumeration of planar maps on genus-$g$ surfaces.
Trolls, unicorns and the CEFR: Precision and professionalism in criticism of the CEFR
Authors:   CEFR and CEFR/CV co-author, North Brian
Published: June 2022

This article starts by recalling the reasons that have been given for the CEFR’s success, for example its neutrality, the way it encourages the constructive alignment of planning, teaching and assessment and helps educators to fulfil both instrumental and educational goals. It then reviews and responds to some of the main criticisms that have been made of the CEFR over the past twenty years concerning the relationship of the CEFR to linguistic theory, the compatibility of the CEFR descriptors with research in second language acquisition and corpus linguistics, the development methodology and formulation style of the descriptors, the intended scope of the CEFR itself and its relationship to socio-political power. It points out that many of these criticisms are based on misunderstandings or misrepresentations and underlines that a sustained constructive engagement with the CEFR is necessary if criticism is to inform future revisions. The article also draws attention to some of the innovations brought by the CEFR, which have tended to be overlooked, and which are reinforced and further developed in the recently published update to the CEFR, the CEFR/CV, which has just in its definitive form.
Promoting reflection in intial foreign language teacher education: The use of the EPOSTL revisted
Authors:   Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Papadopoulou Charis-Olga
Published: June 2022

The present text presents a longitudinal study on the promotion of reflection in foreign language teacher education. The report comprises work in progress. The research design was iterative in that each of the cycles shaped the following one. The research context was an undergraduate seminar course taught in the years 2014, 2017 and 2019 with the objective to promote students’ reflection in their practicum semester (in total 61 students). The European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages (EPOSTL) was used and activities had been planned for its integration in the course. At the same time, research was undertaken in order to investigate the optimal ways to serve the purpose of reflection. Based on the identified shortcomings, changes to the course were made and conclusions were drawn concerning the improvements undertaken. The present paper outlines the rationale and research methodology of the project and discusses the interim results of the first two cycles. These, although far from final, indicate ways in which teacher education for reflection can be improved. Some thoughts on the expected final results of the project and the way forward conclude the paper.
Is a self-regulatory eELP the way forward? A reflection on two decades of achievements and failures of the ELP
Authors:   Rey Juan Carlos University, Luelmo del Castillo Maria
Published: June 2022

The European Language Portfolio (ELP) launched in 2001 was created and promoted by the Council of Europe (CoE) as a tool to foster learner autonomy, plurilingualism, and life-long learning. In spite of the progressive educational principles and promising perspectives to develop and support language learning, the ELP has not become established as a widely implemented tool within the European educational context, not even in its electronic version. This paper starts by briefly introducing the original elements and principles of the ELP in order to evaluate some of its main achievements and failures. After examining different models of electronic ELPs, the paper focuses on ePortfolios as pedagogical tools and, in particular, on the suitability of ePortfolios to develop self-regulation. The authors then present some examples of self-regulatory ePortfolios they have created and implemented in different educational contexts. Finally, they present a new self-regulatory ePortfolio prototype. Although still in an exploratory phase, this prototype seems to offer a flexible, adaptable and powerful tool for a variety of learning contexts and learner needs, including the learning of languages and specifically for a state-of-the-art variant of the ELP. This paper concludes by mapping out the self-regulatory ePortfolio as a possible way forward for the ELP.
Learner perspectives: familiarization, knowledge, and perceptions of the CEFR
Authors:   Hiroshima Bunkyo University, Cook Gary
Published: June 2022

Since 2012, various aspects of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) have been utilized in language curricula at Hiroshima Bunkyo University’s language learning center: the Bunkyo English Communication Center (BECC). Whilst teacher training regarding the CEFR had taken place, students had not received any direct CEFR-education. A decision was taken in 2017 to involve one cohort of students from the Global Communication Department in activities over three years to a) determine their ability to sort Can Do descriptors into their respective levels on the self-assessment grid (A1-C2), and b) establish their knowledge and perceptions of the CEFR through questionnaires. The sorting activity, termed the CEFR shuffle in this paper, was also intended to raise students’ awareness of the CEFR. Results of this research comparing two groups of students streamed into low (A1-A2) and high (A2-B1) classes show that 1) their ability to correctly sort descriptors as a cohort showed no change over a period of 2 years, 2) the high class performed better than the low class in terms of making fewer sorting mistakes in the first and third years of the study but these results were not found to be statistically significant, and 3) students’ knowledge of the CEFR improved slightly while perceptions received mixed results. Further results are discussed and suggestions made for the improvement of this study in future editions.
Investigating the difficulties for university learners of English in Japan of CEFR B1-level phrases
Authors:   Meiji University, Matsuzaki Takeshi
Published: June 2022

This study examines the variations in difficulty encountered by university learners of English in Japan with regard to English phrases that are classified as CEFR B1 level by the English Vocabulary Profile (EVP). Of the 332 English phrases categorized as B1 level at the time of investigation, 60 were identified as worthy of close examination for this research. An English phrase test was created, comprising two sections: one testing recognition and the other productive ability. Each section consisted of 60 test items embedded within 11 short written passages that were devised to provide context for the items used in this study. The test was administered to 360 university students in Japan, with the recognition section given first and the production section following immediately after. The results obtained show that there was a wide variation in the difficulty measures of the 60 phrases, and that recognition and production showed a discrepancy in terms of level of difficulty. The latter finding suggests that determination of difficulty based on a single processing mode is unlikely to provide an adequate indication of the difficulty of phrases, and that use should therefore be made of measurement instruments that assess both recognition and production ability. Implications for learning and pedagogy and for future directions for this line of research are discussed.
Classroom-based assessment of group discussion: Challenges and opportunities
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Lankina Olga Y.
Published: June 2022

Collaborating in a group and leading group work are often used in the modern language classroom. However, it still seems relevant to find an effective way to assess group discussions and to identify problems that students experience when they have to mediate texts and concepts or collaborate on shared tasks. This paper analyzes the engagement of students with a task to mediate and discuss information in a group and how students approach the tasks at the B1 and B2 Council of Europe (CoE) or CEFR levels. The objective of this paper is to show that group discussions can be used for the formative and summative assessment of mediation skills as they are described in the CEFR Companion Volume (CEFR/CV; CoE 2018). We will describe the process of how learners can receive global achievement marks for mediation on par with analytical marks for interaction, discourse management, range, accuracy, and phonological control. We also provide an example of how assessment of a group discussion can be done by giving students a global achievement mark for mediation and analytical marks. The outcome of the research is a test that can be used in the classroom and to provide criteria for assessing mediation when it is part of a group discussion.
Síndrome aórtico agudo. Diagnóstico por imagen
Authors: Soto-Silva Juan Ramón , Hernández-Vyhmeister Rodrigo
Published: June 2022

El síndrome aórtico agudo constituye una de las urgencias cardiovasculares más graves. Incluye tres condiciones clínicas relacionadas: la disección aórtica clásica, el hematoma intramural y la úlcera ateroesclerótica penetrante, siendo su principal manifestación clínica el dolor torácico. La gravedad del SAA depende de su ubicación en la aorta. Así, aquéllos que se originan en la aorta ascendente (tipo A de Stanford) poseen la mayor gravedad y requieren una resolución quirúrgica urgente. Para lograr el diagnóstico correcto, se requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica, así como el uso apropiado de técnicas de imágenes, entre las que destacan la tomografía computarizada, la ecocardiografía transesofágica y la resonancia magnética. Este artículo de revisión trata aspectos generales sobre el síndrome aórtico agudo haciendo especial énfasis en su diagnóstico por imágenes.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis App Inventor Untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi Sains Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Putri Lestari Riani , Ashari Ashari , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: June 2022

Literasi sains menjadi bagian penting dalam pembelajaran di era pandemi covid-19 saat ini. Salah satu media pembelajaran berbasis smartphone dirasa perlu agar memudahkan peserta didik belajar serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains. Dilakukan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran untuk mengetahui kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan media pembelajaran berbasis App Inventor pada smartphone android. Jenis penelitian yaitu pengembangan yang mengacu pada model ADDIE. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 3 Purworejo dengan subjek penelitian 77 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar validasi, angket peserta didik, tes hasil belajar, dan lembar keterlaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil analisis data yaitu: (1) hasil validasi media pembelajaran berbasis App Inventor mendapatkan nilai keseluruhan sebesar 3,59, termasuk kategori sangat baik dan layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Uji reliabilitas diperoleh percentage agreement 97,8% sehingga data yang dihasilkan reliabel. (2) peningkatan kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik menggunakan media pembelajaran berbasis App Inventor diperoleh N-gain 0,38 termasuk kategori peningkatan sedang. Dengan demikian media pembelajaran berbasis App Inventor pada smartphone android yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini dikategorikan baik dan layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains kelas X  SMA
Interplay of Vitamin D and CYP3A4 Polymorphisms in Endocrine Disorders and Cancer
Authors: Kasarla Siva Swapna , Garikapati Vannuruswamy , Kumar Yashwant , Dodoala Sujatha
Published: June 2022

Vitamin D has received considerable optimistic attention as a potentially important factor in many pathological states over the past few decades. However, the proportion of the active form of vitamin D metabolites responsible for biological activity is highly questionable in disease states due to flexible alterations in the enzymes responsible for their metabolism. For instance, CYP3A4 plays a crucial role in the biotransformation of vitamin D and other drug substances. Food-drug and/or drug-drug interactions, the disease state, genetic polymorphism, age, sex, diet, and environmental factors all influence CYP3A4 activity. Genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-encoding genes have received considerable attention in the past few decades due to their extensive impact on the pharmacokinetic and dynamic properties of drugs and endogenous substances. In this review, we focused on CYP3A4 polymorphisms and their interplay with vitamin D metabolism and summarized the role of vitamin D in calcium homeostasis, bone diseases, diabetes, cancer, other diseases, and drug substances. We also reviewed clinical observations pertaining to CYP3A4 polymorphisms among the aforementioned disease conditions. In addition, we highlighted the future perspectives of studying the pharmacogenetics of CYP3A4, which may have potential clinical significance for developing novel diagnostic genetic markers that will ascertain disease risk and progression.
Real-World Safety and Effectiveness of Denosumab in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Prospective, Observational Study in South Korea
Authors: Rhee Yumie , Chang Dong-Gune , Ha Jeonghoon , Kim Sooa , Lee Yusun , Jo Euna , Koh Jung-Min
Published: June 2022

Background: The efficacy and safety of denosumab have been established in a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in Korean postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. This postmarketing surveillance study was aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean real-world clinical practice.Methods: Patients with osteoporosis who had received denosumab per the Korean approved indications in the postmarketing setting between September 2014 and September 2019 were enrolled. The primary endpoint was the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The secondary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.Results: Of the 3,221 patients enrolled, 3,185 were included in the safety analysis set; 2,973 (93.3%) were female, and the mean± standard deviation (SD) age was 68.9±9.9 years. The mean±SD study period was 350.0±71.4 days. AEs, fatal AEs, and ADRs occurred in 19.3%, 0.8%, and 1.6%, respectively. The most frequent AEs, occurring in >0.5% of patients, were dizziness (0.7%), arthralgia (0.7%), back pain (0.6%), and myalgia (0.6%). Hypocalcemia occurred in 0.3% of patients. There were no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture. Mean±SD percent change from baseline in BMD of the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck was 7.3%±23.6%, 3.6%±31.4%, and 3.2%±10.7%, respectively.Conclusion: The safety and effectiveness of denosumab in Korean patients with osteoporosis in this study were comparable with those in the Korean randomized controlled trial, with no new safety findings.
Improving Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Cluster Number Counts with CMB-cluster-lensing Data: Results from the SPT-SZ Survey and Forecasts for the Future
Authors: Chaubal P. S. , Reichardt C. L. , Gupta N. , Ansarinejad B. , Aylor K. , Balkenhol L. , Baxter E. J. , Bianchini F. , Benson B. A. , Bleem L. E. , Bocquet S. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chang C. L. , Crawford T. M. , Crites A. T. , de Haan T. , Dobbs M. A. , Everett W. B. , Floyd B. , George E. M. , Halverson N. W. , Holzapfel W. L. , Hrubes J. D. , Knox L. , Lee A. T. , Luong-Van D. , McMahon J. J. , Meyer S. S. , Mocanu L. M. , Mohr J. J. , Natoli T. , Padin S. , Pryke C. , Ruhl J. E. , Ruppin F. , Salvati L. , Saro A. , Schaffer K. K. , Shirokoff E. , Staniszewski Z. , Stark A. A. , Vieira J. D. , Williamson R.
Published: June 2022

We show the improvement to cosmological constraints from galaxy cluster surveys with the addition of cosmic microwave background (CMB)-cluster lensing data. We explore the cosmological implications of adding mass information from the 3.1σ detection of gravitational lensing of the CMB by galaxy clusters to the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) selected galaxy cluster sample from the 2500 deg2 SPT-SZ survey and targeted optical and X-ray follow-up data. In the ΛCDM model, the combination of the cluster sample with the Planck power spectrum measurements prefers

σ

8

Ω

m

/

0.3

0.5

=
0.831
±
0.020

. Adding the cluster data reduces the uncertainty on this quantity by a factor of 1.4, which is unchanged whether the 3.1σ CMB-cluster lensing measurement is included or not. We then forecast the impact of CMB-cluster lensing measurements with future cluster catalogs. Adding CMB-cluster lensing measurements to the SZ cluster catalog of the ongoing SPT-3G survey is expected to improve the expected constraint on the dark energy equation of state w by a factor of 1.3 to σ(w) = 0.19. We find the largest improvements from CMB-cluster lensing measurements to be for σ
8, where adding CMB-cluster lensing data to the cluster number counts reduces the expected uncertainty on σ
8 by respective factors of 2.4 and 3.6 for SPT-3G and CMB-S4.
Li-rich Giants in LAMOST Survey. III. The Statistical Analysis of Li-rich Giants
Authors: Zhou Yutao , Wang Chun , Yan Hongliang , Huang Yang , Zhang Bo , Ting 丁 Yuan-Sen 源森 , Zhang Huawei , Shi Jianrong
Published: June 2022

The puzzle of the Li-rich giant is still unsolved, contradicting the prediction of the standard stellar models. Although the exact evolutionary stages play a key role in the knowledge of Li-rich giants, a limited number of Li-rich giants have been observed with high-quality asteroseismic parameters to clearly distinguish the stellar evolutionary stages. Based on the LAMOST Data Release 7 (DR7), we applied a data-driven neural network method to derive the parameters for giant stars, which contain the largest number of Li-rich giants. The red giant stars are classified into three stages of Red Giant Branch (RGB), Primary Red Clump (PRC), and Secondary Red Clump (SRC) relying on the estimated asteroseismic parameters. In the statistical analysis of the properties (i.e., stellar mass, carbon, nitrogen, Li-rich distribution, and frequency) of Li-rich giants, we found that (1) most of the Li-rich RGB stars are suggested to be the descendants of Li-rich pre-RGB stars and/or the result of engulfment of planet or substellar companions; (2) the massive Li-rich SRC stars could be the natural consequence of Li depletion from the high-mass Li-rich RGB stars; and (3) internal mixing processes near the helium flash can account for the phenomenon of Li richness on PRC that dominated the Li-rich giants. Based on the comparison of [C/N] distributions between Li-rich and normal PRC stars, the Li-enriched processes probably depend on the stellar mass.
Edible native plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province
Authors: Piedra-Malagón Eva María , Sosa Victoria , Angulo Diego , Díaz-Toribio Milton
Published: June 2022

Currently, at the global level, human food is mainly based on a few crops extensively cultivated as monocultures. Climate change, changes in land to agriculture and cattle raising, as well as the scarcity of water all affect and reduce the possibility of cultivating alternative crops. One way to face this global problem is to promote the knowledge, production and consumption of native food species on a regional scale.

For this study, two databases were constructed for the Gulf of Mexico Province: 1) edible plant species with their corresponding common name, category of use, plant organ(s) utilised as food and type of management; 2) distribution records of these edible species. These species, in addition to being part of the biological diversity of Mexico are of high nutritional, cultural and gastronomical value and have been present in the diet of the inhabitants and ethnic groups in the region since pre-Hispanic times.

This study presents the native edible plants of the Gulf of Mexico Province, an area inhabited by 15 ethnic groups. The main novelty of this contribution is the edible plant species database, which includes the records of 482 species that belong to 101 families and 268 genera. We also present information rarely reported in an ethnobotanical inventory: 1) category of food use, 2) category of plant organ used, 3) common name, 4) type of management and 5) the georeferenced distribution of species occurrence in the Gulf of Mexico Province.
Therapy of post-COVID-19 syndrome: improving the efficiency and safety of basic metabolic drug treatment with tiazotic acid (thiotriazoline)
Authors: Belenichev Igor , Kucherenko Lyudmyla , Pavlov Sergii , Bukhtiyarova Nina , Popazova Olena , Derevianko Natalia , Nimenko Ganna
Published: June 2022

COVID-19 leads to disruption of the blood coagulation system, to thrombosis, hypercoagulability, as a result, to an increased risk of strokes and heart attacks. During COVID-19, endothelial dysfunction develops associated with NO deficiency with decrease in the level of SH compounds. Tiazotic acid (Thiotriazoline) has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-ischemic, cardio- and endothelioprotective, antiplatelet, hepatoprotective activity. Our studies conducted at the National Research Medical Center “University Clinic of ZSMU” with the participation of 57 patients (from 30 to 65 years old) with post-COVID syndrome, who received thiotriazol with basic therapy in either tablets (200 mg each) or suppositories Dalmaxin (0.2 g each) twice a day for 30 days. Inclusion criteria for the study were a positive PCR test for COVID-19; if the PCR test was negative, then the presence of IgM COVID-19 or IgG COVID-19 (with radiologically confirmed pneumonia). The following biochemical parameters were studied: C-reactive protein - by immunoturbodimetric method; D-dimer - by enzyme immunoassay; ferritin - by immunochemiluminescent method; endothelial NO-synthase (eNOS) - by ELISA method; alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bilirubin; international normalized ratio (INR) and determination of platelet aggregation. During treatment with thiotriazoline, significant increase in the eNOS content was recorded, which indicated the presence of endothelioprotective activity of the drug. Thiotriazoline significantly reduced the level of D-dimer in the blood of patients, and also led to the normalization of INR. The established effects testified to the presence of antiplatelet and fibrinolytic action of thiotriazoline and its ability to reduce the risks of heart attacks and strokes in post-COVID syndrome. Thiotriazoline led to an objective improvement in general clinical parameters in patients with post-COVID syndrome, complaints of palpitations disappeared, blood pressure stabilized.
Indigofera vallicola (Fabaceae), a new species from Yunnan, southwest China
Authors: Liu Jin-Li , Li Shi-Gang , Yang Feng , Wang Huan-Chong
Published: June 2022

Indigofera vallicola (Fabaceae), a new species is described and illustrated. This plant is only found from two localities in the central Yunnan Province, southwest China. It is characterized by having the prostrate habit, usually 13–17-foliolate leaves and the relatively small (3–5 mm long) flowers. Morphological comparisons with its closest relatives, I. rigioclada, I. franchetii, I. chaetodonta, and I. henryi are also presented.