bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Reduction of Catheter-Related Blood Stream Infections through the Implementation of an Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team
Authors: Scatliffe Kristen , Davis Adebanke , Wang-Kocik Carla , Villanueva Nelson Medina , Espiritu-fuller Maria , Larang Renita , Dimitriou Patricia , Doran Amy , Repayo Anne , Murillo Jeremias , Engell Christian A. , Cohen Morris , LaRosa Jennifer A.
Published: February 2015

In December 2012, a multidisciplinary task force was implemented to address the elevated number of central line associated boodstream infections (CLABSIs) at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center from January 2012 to December 2012. Sixty-eight CLABSIs were documented within the adult inpatient population, resulting in a rate of 14.7 CLABSIs/1,000 central line days in the adult inpatient population. This was well above the national average of 1.87 infections per 1,000 central line days. Most of these infections were noted to be within the critical care units where the rate was at 2.86 CLABSIs/1,000 central line days. However, in 2013, the annual rate was decreased to 0.709 CLABSIs/1000 line days (P<0.001) with similar trends observed across the critical care units. Analysis of CLASBI data indicates that the implementation of a multidisciplinary task force dedicated to appropriate central line insertion, maintenance, and the removal of unnecessary central venous catheters can have an impact on reducing rates of CLASBIs throughout the adult inpatient population, including those within critical care units.
Serum Total Tryptase Level Confirms Itself as a More Reliable Marker of Mast Cells Burden in Mast Cell Leukaemia (Aleukaemic Variant)
Authors: Savini P. , Rondoni M. , Poletti G. , Lanzi A. , Quercia O. , Soverini S. , De Benedittis C. , Musardo G. , Martinelli G. , Stefanini G. F.
Published: February 2015

Mast cell leukemia (MCL) is a very rare form of systemic mastocytosis (SM) with a short median survival of 6 months. We describe a case of a 65-year-old woman with aleukaemic variant of MCL with a very high serum total tryptase level of 2255 μg/L at diagnosis, which occurred following an episode of hypotensive shock. She fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of SM, with a bone marrow smear infiltration of 50–60% of atypical mast cells (MCs). She tested negative for the KIT D816V mutation, without any sign of organ damage (no B- or C-findings) and only few mediator-related symptoms. She was treated with antihistamine alone and then with imatinib for the appearance of anemia. She maintained stable tryptase level and a very indolent clinical course for twenty-two months; then, she suddenly progressed to acute MCL with a serum tryptase level up to 12960 μg/L. The patient died due to haemorrhagic diathesis twenty-four months after diagnosis. This clinical case maybe represents an example of the chronic form of mast cell leukemia, described as unpredictable disease, in which the serum total tryptase level has confirmed itself as a reliable marker of mast cells burden regardless of the presence of other signs or symptoms.
Clinical and Oncological Value of Preoperative BMI in Gastric Cancer Patients: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Voglino Costantino , Di Mare Giulio , Ferrara Francesco , De Franco Lorenzo , Roviello Franco , Marrelli Daniele
Published: February 2015

Introduction. The impact of preoperative BMI on surgical outcomes and long-term survival of gastric cancer patients was investigated in various reports with contrasting results.Materials & Methods. A total of 378 patients who underwent a surgical resection for primary gastric cancer between 1994 and 2011 were retrospectively studied. Patients were stratified according to BMI into a normal group (<25, group A), an overweight group (25–30, group B), and an obesity group (≥30, group C). These 3 groups were compared according to clinical-pathological characteristics, surgical treatment, and long-term survival.Results. No significant correlations between BMI and TNM (2010), UICC stage (2010), Lauren’s histological type, surgical results, lymph node dissection, and postoperative morbidity and mortality were observed. Factors related to higher BMI were male genderP<0.05, diabetesP<0.001, and serum blood proteinsP<0.01. A trend to fewer lymph nodes retrieved during gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy in overweight patients (B and C groups) was observed, although not statistically significant. There was no difference in overall survival or disease-specific survival between the three groups.Conclusion. According to our data, BMI should not be considered a significant predictor of postoperative complications or long-term result in gastric cancer patients.
A Novel Aqueous Micellar Two-Phase System Composed of Surfactant and Sorbitol for Purification of Pectinase Enzyme fromPsidium guajavaand Recycling Phase Components
Authors: Amid Mehrnoush , Murshid Fara Syazana , Manap Mohd Yazid , Hussin Muhaini
Published: February 2015

A novel aqueous two-phase system composed of a surfactant and sorbitol was employed for the first time to purify pectinase fromPsidium guajava. The influences of different parameters, including the type and concentration of the surfactant and the concentration and composition of the surfactant/sorbitol ratio, on the partitioning behavior and recovery of pectinase were investigated. Moreover, the effects of system pH and the crude load on purification fold and the yield of purified pectinase were studied. The experimental results indicated that the pectinase was partitioned into surfactant-rich top phase, and the impurities were partitioned into the sorbitol-rich bottom phase with the novel method involving an ATPS composed of 26% (w/w) Triton X-100 and 23% (w/w) sorbitol at 54.2% of the TLL crude load of 20% (w/w) at pH 6.0. The enzyme was successfully recovered by this method with a high purification factor of 15.2 and a yield of 98.3%, whereas the phase components were also recovered and recycled at rates above 96%. This study demonstrated that this novel ATPS method can be used as an efficient and economical alternative to the traditional ATPS for the purification and recovery of the valuable enzyme.
Isolated Kaposi Sarcoma of the Tonsil: A Case Report and Review of the Scientific Literature
Authors: Pittore Barbara , Pelagatti Carlo Loris , Deiana Francesco , Ortu Francesco , Maricosu Elena , Cossu Sergio , Sotgiu Giovanni
Published: February 2015

Kaposi sarcoma is a tumour caused by human herpes virus 8, also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. It usually affects the skin and oral mucosa; however, it can also sometimes affect the lungs, the liver, the stomach, the bowel, and lymph nodes. Several body sites may be affected simultaneously. The involvement of the tonsils is rare. We described an isolated localization of Kaposi’s sarcoma of the right tonsil in a HIV-positive patient.
High Efficiency Driver for AMOLED with Compensation
Authors: Saad Said , Hassine Lotfi
Published: February 2015

A new proposed compensation driver circuit of flat-panel display (FPD) based on organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and on poly-crystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) is presented. This driver circuit is developed for an active-matrix organic light-emitting-diode (AMOLED) display and its efficiency is verified compared with the conventional configuration with 2 TFTs. According to results, this circuit is suitable to achieve acceptable level for power consumption, high contrast, maximum gray levels, and better brightness. And, to show this, a stable driving scheme is developed for circuit with much compensation such as against the data degradation, the threshold voltage dispersions of TFT drive, and suppression of TFT leakage current effect.
Overview of Cellular Transplantation in Diabetes Mellitus: Focus on the Metabolic Outcome
Authors: Luzi Livio , Benedini Stefano , Caumo Andrea , Terruzzi Ileana
Published: February 2015

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease possible to treat via several different therapeutic approaches. Since the advent of insulin in 1922, type 1 diabetes mellitus has become a chronic treatable disease. Nonetheless, type 1 diabetes mellitus can be a devastating disease when the macro- and microangiopathic complications take place after several years of illness. Starting from the eighties, pancreas/islet transplantation has become a potential innovative treatment of diabetes mellitus. The major advantage of pancreas/islet transplantation is the restoration of c-peptide cosecretion along with insulin; the major disadvantage is the need to administer immunosuppressive drugs which are diabetogenic themselves. Islet transplantation is the progenitor of more recent forms of cellular and stem cell therapies which will be reviewed herein. Cellular therapies for diabetes mellitus are still an experimental procedure. Herein we present the actual current achievements and an outlook of close future possible advancements in the area of cellular transplantation for the cure of diabetes mellitus.
Comparative Assessment of Blood Lead Levels of Automobile Technicians in Organised and Roadside Garages in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Saliu Abdulsalam , Adebayo Onajole , Kofoworola Odeyemi , Babatunde Ogunowo , Ismail Abdussalam
Published: February 2015

Occupational exposure to lead is common among automobile technicians and constitutes 0.9% of total global health burden with a majority of cases in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the blood lead levels of automobile technicians in roadside and organised garages in Lagos State, Nigeria. This was a comparative cross-sectional study. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted and blood was analysed for lead using atomic spectrophotometery. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the median blood lead levels of each group using the independent sample (Mann-WhitneyU) test. Seventy-three (40.3%) of the organised compared to 59 (34.3%) of the roadside groups had high blood lead levels. The organised group had statistically significant higher median blood lead levels of, 66.0 µg/dL than the roadside 43.5 µg/dL (P< 0.05). There was also statistically significant association between high blood lead levels and abnormal discolouration of the mucosa of the mouth in the organised group. Automobile technicians in organised garages in Lagos have higher prevalence of elevated blood lead levels and higher median levels than the roadside group. Preventive strategies against lead exposures should be instituted by the employers and further actions should be taken to minimize exposures, improve work practices, implement engineering controls (e.g., proper ventilation), and ensure the use of personal protective equipment.
The Subventricular Zone in the Immature Piglet Brain: Anatomy and Exodus of Neuroblasts into White Matter after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Costine Beth A. , Missios Symeon , Taylor Sabrina R. , McGuone Declan , Smith Colin M. , Dodge Carter P. , Harris Brent T. , Duhaime Ann-Christine
Published: February 2015

Stimulation of postnatal neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and robust migration of neuroblasts to the lesion site in response to traumatic brain injury (TBI) is well established in rodent species; however, it is not yet known whether postnatal neurogenesis plays a role in repair after TBI in gyrencephalic species. Here we describe the anatomy of the SVZ in the piglet for the first time and initiate an investigation into the effect of TBI on the SVZ architecture and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Among all ages of immaturity examined the SVZ contained a dense mesh network of neurogenic precursor cells (doublecortin+) positioned directly adjacent to the ependymal cells (ventricular SVZ, Vsvz) and neuroblasts organized into chains that were distinct from the Vsvz (abventricular SVZ, Asvz). Though the architecture of the SVZ was similar among ages, the areas of Vsvz and Asvz neuroblast chains declined with age. At postnatal day (PND) 14 the white matter tracts have a tremendous number of individual neuroblasts. In our scaled cortical impact model, lesion size increased with age. Similarly, the response of the SVZ to injury was also age dependent. The younger age groups that sustained the proportionately smallest lesions had the largest SVZ areas, which further increased in response to injury. In piglets that were injured at 4 months of age and had the largest lesions, the SVZ did not increase in response to injury. Similar to humans, swine have abundant gyri and gyral white matter, providing a unique platform to study neuroblasts potentially migrating from the SVZ to the lesioned cortex along these white matter tracts. In piglets injured at PND 7, TBI did not increase the total number of neuroblasts in the white matter compared to uninjured piglets, but redistribution occurred with a greater number of neuroblasts in the white matter of the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injury compared to the contralateral hemisphere. At 7 days after injury, less than 1% of neuroblasts in the white matter were born in the 2 days following injury. These data show that the SVZ in the piglet shares many anatomical similarities with the SVZ in the human infant, and that TBI had only modest effects on the SVZ and the number of neuroblasts in the white matter. Piglets at an equivalent developmental stage to human infants were equipped with the largest SVZ and a tremendous number of neuroblasts in the white matter, which may be sufficient in lesion repair without the dramatic stimulation of neurogenic machinery. It has yet to be determined whether neurogenesis and migrating neuroblasts play a role in repair after TBI and/or whether an alteration of normal migration during active postnatal population of brain regions is beneficial in species with gyrencephalic brains.
Effective Neutrophil Phagocytosis of Aspergillus fumigatus Is Mediated by Classical Pathway Complement Activation
Authors: Braem Steven G.E. , Rooijakkers Suzan H.M. , van Kessel Kok P.M. , de Cock Hans , Wösten Han A.B. , van Strijp Jos A.G. , Haas Pieter-Jan A.
Published: February 2015

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important airborne fungal pathogen and a major cause of invasive fungal infections. Susceptible individuals become infected via the inhalation of dormant conidia. If the immune system fails to clear these conidia, they will swell, germinate and grow into large hyphal structures. Neutrophils are essential effector cells for controlling A. fumigatus infection. In general, opsonization of microbial particles is crucial for efficient phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils. Although the antibodies present in human serum do bind to all fungal morphotypes, we observed no direct antibody-mediated phagocytosis of A. fumigatus. We show that opsonization, phagocytosis and killing by neutrophils of A. fumigatus is complement-dependent. Using human sera depleted of key complement components, we investigated the contribution of the different complement initiation pathways in complement activation on the fungal surface. We describe the classical complement pathway as the main initiator of complement activation on A. fumigatus swollen conidia and germ tubes. Antibodies play an important role in complement activation and efficient innate recognition, phagocytosis and killing of A. fumigatus by neutrophils.
The Long-Term Effects of Switching from Active Intravenous Bisphosphonate Treatment to Low-Dose Maintenance Therapy in Children with Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Biggin Andrew , Zheng Linda , Briody Julie N. , Coorey Craig P. , Munns Craig F.
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims: Intravenous bisphosphonate therapy is the first-line treatment in moderate-to-severe osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), but there are varied treatment protocols with little data on long-term efficacy. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes when transitioning from active bisphosphonate treatment to maintenance therapy. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 17 patients before treatment, following active treatment (zoledronate 0.05 mg/kg 6-monthly or pamidronate 6-9 mg/kg/year) and after establishment on maintenance treatment for more than 2 years (zoledronate 0.025 mg/kg 6-monthly or pamidronate <4 mg/kg/year). Results: There was a significant reduction in mean fracture rate from 1.5 ± 1.1 fractures/year at baseline to 0.7 ± 0.7 fractures/year on active treatment. Z-scores for lumbar spine bone mineral density, bone mineral content, volumetric bone mineral density and bone mineral content for lean tissue mass increased during active treatment. These improvements were maintained during the period of maintenance treatment. Vertebral height improved in fractured thoracic vertebrae from pre-treatment to active therapy and improved further during maintenance treatment. Metacarpal cortical thickness and relative cortical area also increased over the treatment periods. Conclusion: Maintenance intravenous bisphosphonate therapy preserved the beneficial effects of active treatment at the doses stated above. Further studies are required to determine the optimal bisphosphonate treatment regimen in the management of children with OI.
Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men Following Prostate Cancer Treatment: A Questionnaire-Based Retrospective Study among Urologists in Bavaria, Germany
Authors: Kühn Charlotte Marie , Strasser Hans , Romming Alexander , Wullich Bernd , Goebell Peter J.
Published: February 2015

Background: Several reports suggest testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) may be an option in selected hypogonadal patients with a history of prostate cancer (PCa) and no evidence of disease after curative treatment. Our aim was to assess TRT experience and patient management among urologists in Bavaria. Materials and Methods: Questionnaires were developed and mailed to all registered urologists in Bavaria (n = 420) regarding their experience with TRT in patients with treated PCa. Results: One hundred and ninety-three (46%) urologists returned the questionnaire and reported their experience with TRT in hypogonadal patients after curative treatment for PCa. Complete data was available for 32 men. Twenty-six patients (81%) received TRT after prostatectomy, 1 patient after external beam radiation, 3 patients after high-dose brachytherapy and 2 patients after high-intensity focused ultrasound. Of the PCa cases, 88.5% (23/26) were organ confined (pT2a-c), and 3 were pT3 tumors. All patients were pN0/cN0, and only 1 patient (pT3a) had a positive surgical margin status postoperatively. After a mean follow-up of 39.8 months, no biochemical relapse was observed. Conclusion: To date, there is no clear evidence to withhold TRT from hypogonadal men after curative PCa treatment. Our findings, although with limitations, fit in with the available data showing that TRT does not put patients at an increased risk after curative treatment of PCa.
Variation in Risk and Mortality of Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Srisawat Nattachai , Sileanu Florentina E. , Murugan Raghavan , Bellomo Rinaldo , Calzavacca Paolo , Cartin-Ceba Rodrigo , Cruz Dinna , Finn Judith , Hoste Eric A. , Kashani Kianoush , Ronco Claudio , Webb Steve , Kellum John A. ,   on behalf of the Acute Kidney Injury-6 Study Group
Published: February 2015

Background: Despite standardized definitions of acute kidney injury (AKI), there is wide variation in the reported rates of AKI and hospital mortality for patients with AKI. Variation could be due to actual differences in disease incidence, clinical course, or a function of data ascertainment and application of diagnostic criteria. Using standard criteria may help determine and compare the risk and outcomes of AKI across centers. Methods: In this cohort study of critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care units at six hospitals in four countries, we used KDIGO criteria to define AKI. The main outcomes were the occurrence of AKI and hospital mortality. Results: Of the 15,132 critically ill patients, 32% developed AKI based on serum creatinine criteria. After adjusting for differences in age, sex, and severity of illness, the odds ratio for AKI continued to vary across centers (odds ratio (OR), 2.57-6.04, p < 0.001). The overall, crude hospital mortality of patients with AKI was 27%, which also varied across centers after adjusting for KDIGO stage, differences in age, sex, and severity of illness (OR, 1.13-2.20, p < 0.001). The severity of AKI was associated with incremental mortality risk across centers. Conclusions: In this study, the absolute and severity-adjusted rates of AKI and hospital mortality rates for AKI varied across centers. Future studies should examine whether variation in the risk of AKI among centers is due to differences in clinical practice or process of care or residual confounding due to unmeasured factors.
An Unusual Presentation of Concurrent Congenital Grouped Pigmentation of the Retina with Albinotic Spots
Authors: Watanabe Meri , Makino Shinji , Tampo Hironobu
Published: February 2015

A 10-year-old Japanese girl presented with multiple, small, flat, dark brown clusters of retinal pigment epithelium in both eyes. She had no other symptoms. The appearance was consistent with congenital grouped pigmentation of the retina or bear track spots. A unique co-existing feature was the presence of small, albinotic spots within the entire retina. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated a persistent hypofluorescence correlating with the grouped pigmentation of the retina and granular hyperfluorescence correlating with the albinotic spots. Her mother also showed irregular pigmentation and albinotic spots in both eyes. We describe an extremely rare case of congenital grouped pigmentation and albinotic spots occurring in the retina of the same individual.
A Unique Case of a Patient with Rectal Cancer Who Developed Benign Esophageal Stenosis after Localized Rectal Radiation and Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: Chahla Elie , Cheesman Antonio , Hammami Muhammad , Taylor Jason R. , Poddar Nishant , Garrett Robert W. , Alkaade Samer
Published: February 2015

Acute esophagitis and esophageal strictures typically occur after local radiation therapy to the thoracic field. Toxicity is usually limited to the field of radiation and potentially augmented by concomitant use of chemotherapy, however esophageal stricturing due to chemotherapy alone is exceedingly rare. Gastrointestinal toxicity has been previously reported in the setting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy with abnormal thymidylate synthase or dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activities. We present a unique case of isolated chemotherapy-induced esophageal stricture in the setting of stage IIIa rectal adenocarcinoma which presented shortly after initiation of treatment with 5-FU-based chemotherapy in a patient with normal thymidylate synthase and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase assays. These findings prompt further investigation of pathways and potential risk factors leading to esophageal toxicity in patients treated with 5-FU-based chemotherapy.
Long-Term Prognostic Effect of Coronary Atherosclerotic Burden
Authors: Mushtaq Saima , De Araujo Gonçalves Pedro , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Pontone Gianluca , Bartorelli Antonio L. , Bertella Erika , Campos Carlos M. , Pepi Mauro , Serruys Patrick W. , Andreini Daniele
Published: February 2015

Background—

Computed tomography–adapted Leaman score (CT-LeSc) was developed to quantify coronary CT angiography information about atherosclerotic burden (lesion localization, stenosis degree, and plaque composition). The objective of the study is to evaluate CT-LeSc long-term prognostic value in patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).

Methods and Results—

Single-center prospective registry including 1304 consecutive patients undergoing coronary CT angiography for suspected CAD. High CT-LeSc was defined by upper tertile (score, >5) cutoff. Segment involvement score and segment stenosis score were also evaluated. Hard cardiac events (cardiac death and nonfatal acute coronary syndromes) were considered for analysis. Different Cox regression models were used to identify independent event predictors. Kaplan–Meier event-free survival was evaluated in 4 patient subgroups stratified by obstructive (≥50% stenosis) versus nonobstructive CAD and a high (>5) versus a low (≤5) CT-LeSc. Of 1196 patients included in the final analysis (mean follow-up of 52±22 months), 125 patients experienced 136 hard events (18 cardiac deaths and 118 nonfatal myocardial infarction). All atherosclerotic burden scores were independent predictors of cardiac events (hazard ratios of 3.09 for segment involvement score, 4.42 for segment stenosis score, and 5.39 for CT-LeSc). Cumulative event-free survival was 76.8% with a high CT-LeSc and 96.0% with a low CT-LeSc. Event-free survival in nonobstructive CAD with high CT-LeSc (78.6%) was similar to obstructive CAD with high CT-LeSc (76.5%) but lower than obstructive CAD with low CT-LeSc (80.7%).

Conclusions—

CT-LeSc is an independent long-term predictor of hard cardiac events. Patients with nonobstructive CAD and high CT-LeSc had hard event-free survival similar to patients with obstructive CAD.
Statin Use Following Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries With a Secondary Discharge Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Yun Huifeng , Safford Monika M. , Brown Todd M. , Farkouh Michael E. , Kent Shia , Sharma Pradeep , Kilgore Meredith , Bittner Vera , Rosenson Robert S. , Delzell Elizabeth , Muntner Paul , Levitan Emily B.
Published: February 2015

Background

Patients with coronary heart disease are recommended to use statins following hospital discharge. Acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
) is a common complication of hospitalization, but the use of statins following discharge among patients who were not initially hospitalized for
AMI
has not been assessed adequately.

Methods and Results

Using the Medicare 5% national random sample, we determined statin use among beneficiaries who were hospitalized and who had a secondary discharge diagnosis of
AMI
and among beneficiaries who had a primary discharge diagnosis of
AMI
, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous coronary intervention in 2007–2009. Statin use was defined by a pharmacy (Medicare Part D) claim within 90 days following discharge. Of 8175 Medicare beneficiaries who did not take statins prior to hospitalization, 31.2% with
AMI
as a secondary discharge diagnosis, 60.5% with
AMI
as the primary discharge diagnosis, 67.6% with
coronary artery bypass grafting
, and 63.9% with a
percutaneous coronary intervention
initiated statins. After multivariable adjustment, the risk ratio for statin initiation comparing beneficiaries with a secondary versus primary discharge diagnosis of
AMI
was 0.59 (95%
CI
0.54 to 0.65). Among 5468 Medicare beneficiaries taking statins prior to hospitalization, statin use following discharge was lower for those with
AMI
as a secondary discharge diagnosis (71.8%) compared with their counterparts with
AMI
,
coronary artery bypass grafting
, and
percutaneous coronary intervention
(84.1%, 83.8%, and 87.3%, respectively) as the primary discharge diagnosis.

Conclusion

Medicare beneficiaries with a secondary hospital discharge diagnosis of
AMI
were less likely to fill statins compared with those with other
coronary heart disease
events.
Exchanging Symbols for Symbolic Exchange
Authors: Schlesinger Eugene R.
Published: February 2015

This article examines recent articulations of Reformed sacramental theology by Michael Horton and Nicholas Wolterstorff, both of whom appropriate the insights of speech act theory in their accounts of Calvinist sacramentology. I put these expressions of Reformed thought into conversation with the fundamental theology of the French Roman Catholic, Louis-Marie Chauvet, noting areas of convergence. I contend that Chauvet’s sacramental theology provides the resources for the Reformed to develop their own sacramental theology in a considerably higher direction, while also remaining true to their fundamental commitments.
Would Christ Have Become Incarnate Had Adam Not Fallen?
Authors: Lindholm Stefan
Published: February 2015

In this paper I examine the notion of Christ as Mediator apart from sin in the reformed scholastic theologian, Jerome Zanchi (1516–1590). Calvin developed a rich notion of Christ as Mediator but left an ambiguous heritage to his followers—it led some later interpreters to think of it as imply that the incarnation would have happened apart from sin. In the first part, I lay out some background and positions and in the second I deal with what I argue is a misunderstanding of Zanchi’s use of Christ as Mediator (that it implies incarnation apart from sin). In the third part I will further explore Zanchi’s notion of Christ as Mediator and make comparisons with Thomas Aquinas, John Calvin and Francis Turretin.
Crabs of the families Palicidae and Crossotonotidae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Palicoidea) from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species
Authors: TAKEDA MASATSUNE , TACHIKAWA HIROYUKI
Published: February 2015

Four species of palicoid crabs, Neopalicus jukesii (White, 1847) and Rectopalicus ampullatus Castro, 2000 of the family Palicidae, and Crossotonotus spinipes (De Man, 1888) and a new species of Pleurophricus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 of the family Crossotonotidae, are recorded from the Ogasawara Islands, Japan. Diagnostics for the new species are the protruded bilobed front, six subacute lobate teeth at each lateral margin of the carapace, six rounded lobes at the posterior margin of the carapace, a crested armature of the cheliped carpus, and the strongly depressed ambulatory legs, which readily distinguish it from its two congeners, P. cristatipes A. Milne-Edwards, 1873 known by two males from Australia and the Kai Islands in Indonesia, and P. longirostris (Moosa & Serène, 1981) known by a female from the Sunda Strait, Indonesia.
A Shear-Based Parameterization of Turbulent Mixing in the Stable Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Wilson Jordan M. , Venayagamoorthy Subhas K.
Published: February 2015

In this study, shear-based parameterizations of turbulent mixing in the stable atmospheric boundary layer (SABL) are proposed. A relevant length-scale estimate for the mixing length of the turbulent momentum field is constructed from the turbulent kinetic energy and the mean shear rate S as . Using observational data from two field campaigns—the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment and the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere–Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99)— is shown to have a strong correlation with . The relationship between and corresponds to the ratio of the magnitude of the tangential components of the turbulent momentum flux tensor to , known as stress intensity ratio, . The field data clearly show that is linked to stability. The stress intensity ratio also depends on the flow energetics that can be assessed using a shear-production Reynolds number, , where P is shear production of turbulent kinetic energy and is the kinematic viscosity. This analysis shows that high mixing rates can indeed persist at strong stability. On this basis, shear-based parameterizations are proposed for the eddy diffusivity for momentum, , and eddy diffusivity for heat, , showing remarkable agreement with the exact quantities. Furthermore, a broader assessment of the proposed parameterizations is given through an a priori evaluation of large-eddy simulation (LES) data from the first GEWEX Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). The shear-based parameterizations outperform many existing models in predicting turbulent mixing in the SABL. The results of this study provide a framework for improved representation of the SABL in operational models.
Energetics of Eddy–Mean Flow Interactions in the Gulf Stream Region
Authors: Kang Dujuan , Curchitser Enrique N.
Published: February 2015

A detailed energetics analysis of the Gulf Stream (GS) and associated eddies is performed using a high-resolution multidecadal regional ocean model simulation. The energy equations for the time-mean and time-varying flows are derived as a theoretical framework for the analysis. The eddy–mean flow energy components and their conversions show complex spatial distributions. In the along-coast region, the cross-stream and cross-bump variations are seen in the eddy–mean flow energy conversions, whereas in the off-coast region, a mixed positive–negative conversion pattern is observed. The local variations of the eddy–mean flow interaction are influenced by the varying bottom topography. When considering the domain-averaged energetics, the eddy–mean flow interaction shows significant along-stream variability. Upstream of Cape Hatteras, the energy is mainly transferred from the mean flow to the eddy field through barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. Upon separating from the coast, the GS becomes highly unstable and both energy conversions intensify. When the GS flows into the off-coast region, an inverse conversion from the eddy field to the mean flow dominates the power transfer. For the entire GS region, the mean current is intrinsically unstable and transfers 28.26 GW of kinetic energy and 26.80 GW of available potential energy to the eddy field. The mesoscale eddy kinetic energy is generated by mixed barotropic and baroclinic instabilities, contributing 28.26 and 9.15 GW, respectively. Beyond directly supplying the barotropic pathway, mean kinetic energy also provides 11.55 GW of power to mean available potential energy and subsequently facilitates the baroclinic instability pathway.
Stochastic Modeling of Coherent Wave Fields over Variable Depth
Authors: Smit P. B. , Janssen T. T. , Herbers T. H. C.
Published: February 2015

Refractive focusing of swell waves can result in fast-scale variations in the wave statistics because of wave interference, which cannot be resolved by stochastic wave models based on the radiative transport equation. Quasi-coherent statistical theory does account for such statistical interferences and the associated wave inhomogeneities, but the theory has thus far been presented in a form that appears incompatible with models based on the radiative transfer equation (RTE). Moreover, the quasi-coherent theory has never been tested against field data, and it is not clear how the coherent information inherent to such models can be used for better understanding coastal wave and circulation dynamics. This study therefore revisits the derivation of quasi-coherent theory to formulate it into a radiative transport equation with a forcing term that accounts for the inhomogeneous part of the wave field. This paper shows how the model can be nested within (or otherwise used in conjunction with) quasi-homogeneous wave models based on the RTE. Through comparison to laboratory data, numerical simulations of a deterministic model, and field observations of waves propagating over a nearshore canyon head, the predictive capability of the model is validated. The authors discuss the interference patterns predicted by the model through evaluation of a complex cross-correlation function and highlight the differences with quasi-homogeneous predictions. These results show that quasi-coherent theory can extend models based on the RTE to resolve coherent interference patterns and standing wave features in coastal areas, which are believed to be important in nearshore circulation and sediment transport.
Introducing an Approach for Extracting Temperature from Aircraft GNSS and Pressure Altitude Reports in ADS-B Messages
Authors: Stone Edmund Keith , Kitchen Malcolm
Published: February 2015

Recently work has been conducted in using routine air traffic management (ATM) data from aircraft to derive meteorological observations (de Haan; de Haan and Stoffelen). The paper at hand introduces and provides an initial analysis for a method of finding layer temperatures from aircraft broadcast messages. The method is analyzed using error analysis and is shown capable of producing mean layer temperatures with below ±1-K error with a layer thickness of 2000 m. Observed aircraft data have been compared to the expected errors from the analysis and have shown to be consistent to within 0.01 K. An initial comparison using four Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) flights is also provided. The new layer temperature, existing Mode-S enhanced surveillance (EHS)-derived temperature, and an average Mode-S EHS-derived temperature are all compared to the AMDAR temperatures. The averaged Mode-S EHS-derived layer temperature is shown to have the lowest spread (mean standard deviation K), followed by the layer temperature introduced by this paper (mean standard deviation K), and then the unaveraged Mode-S EHS-derived temperature (mean standard deviation K). The layer temperature method has the advantage that no requested data are required from the aircraft, as all of the required parameters are part of the routine broadcast messages, making the method ideal in areas with a limited air traffic management infrastructure where the existing methods would not work.
Réappropriation de l’espace résidentiel des familles où vit une personne lésée médullaire
Authors: Jutras Sylvie , Coulombe Simon , Labbé Delphine , Jutras Dominique
Published: February 2015

Background.

To date, we do not know how home adaptations transform the residential experience of people with disabilities and their families.

Purpose.

This study aimed to describe the residential reappropriation process of people with spinal cord injury and their families.

Method.

Interviews with 31 people with spinal cord injuries and 31 family members focused on the adaptations, satisfaction with the adaptations, territorial behaviour at home, and family functioning.

Findings.

Adaptations aimed to sustain the disabled person’s autonomy and mobility. Participants were satisfied with the physical adaptations, particularly in regard to convenience and feeling safe. Territorial behaviour supported the need for control and freedom. A more successful reappropriation process was associated with more effective family functioning.

Implications.

Territorial behaviours and effective family functioning should be considered by occupational therapists working with families.
Improving Infant Sleep Safety Through a Comprehensive Hospital-Based Program
Authors: Goodstein Michael H. , Bell Theodore , Krugman Scott D.
Published: February 2015

We evaluated a comprehensive hospital-based infant safe sleep education program on parental education and safe sleep behaviors in the home using a cross-sectional survey of new parents at hospital discharge (HD) and 4-month follow-up (F/U). Knowledge and practices of infant safe sleep were compared to the National Infant Sleep Position Study benchmark. There were 1092 HD and 490 F/U surveys. Supine sleep knowledge was 99.8% at HD; 94.8% of families planned to always use this position. At F/U, 97.3% retained supine knowledge, and 84.9% maintained this position exclusively ( P < .01). Knowledge of crib as safest surface was 99.8% at HD and 99.5% F/U. Use in the parents’ room fell to 91.9% (HD) and 68.2% (F/U). Compared to the National Infant Sleep Position Study, the F/U group was more likely to use supine positioning and a bassinette or crib. Reinforcing the infant sleep safety message through intensive hospital-based education improves parental compliance with sudden infant death syndrome risk reduction guidelines.
Emergency Department Evaluation and Management of Children With Simple Febrile Seizures
Authors: Carapetian Stephanie , Hageman Joseph , Lyons Evelyn , Leonard Daniel , Janies Kathryn , Kelley Kent , Fuchs Susan
Published: February 2015

Workup of simple febrile seizures (SFS) has changed as the American Academy of Pediatrics made revisions to practice guidelines. In 2011, revisions were made regarding need for lumbar puncture (LP) as part of the SFS workup. This study surveyed more than 100 emergency departments regarding workup of children with SFS and performed a medical record review of workup that was performed. The survey shows that laboratory workup is done routinely and LP is done infrequently. The majority documents a complete exam. The medical record review demonstrates documentation of the examination, frequent laboratory and infrequent LP evaluation. Consistent with the American Academy of Pediatrics’ revisions, survey and record reviews demonstrate that LP testing is infrequent. Contrary to the guideline, laboratory studies are routinely performed. This study suggests there is an opportunity to improve management of SFS by directing efforts toward finding the source of the fever and away from laboratory workup.
UK Economic Growth since 2010: Is it as Bad as it Seems?
Authors: Crafts Nicholas
Published: February 2015

This paper reviews UK supply-side policies since 2010 in terms of their impact on growth and considers medium-term growth prospects in the context of the puzzle of disappointing post-crisis TFP performance. It is argued that there is no reason to believe that growth prospects have deteriorated significantly compared with the pre-crisis period. Changes in policy under the Coalition government are unlikely to have made a big difference to growth potential. On the one hand, this means opportunities for radical reform have been ignored; on the other hand, there has been no repeat of the 1930s’ debacle.
Prospects for The UK Economy
Authors: Kirby Simon , Carreras Oriol , Meaning Jack , Piggott Rebecca , Warren James
Published: February 2015

The production of this forecast is supported by the Institute's Corporate Members: Bank of England, HM Treasury, Mizuho Research Institute Ltd, Office for National Statistics, Santander (UK) plc and by the members of the NiGEM users group.
Modeling and performance analysis of the solar photovoltaic cell model using Embedded MATLAB
Authors: Vimalarani C , Kamaraj N
Published: February 2015

This paper presents the modeling and simulation of photovoltaic (PV) modules using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The main objective was to find the nonlinear current-versus-voltage (I–V) and power-versus-voltage (P–V) characteristics curves for solar PV modules Photonix 150W and Photonix 140W and to compare the results with the manufacturer’s data sheet. The Embedded MATLAB function finds the best output current and power with respect to voltage characteristics curves for various cell temperature and solar irradiation values for the solar PV model, which includes the effect of the series resistance. Thus, the parallel resistance, which is infinite, can be neglected for simplification. The modeling method and the proposed Embedded MATLAB function are helpful for power electronics designers, who need a trouble-free and user-friendly modeling method for the simulation of solar PV systems. The parameters that compose various PV models have been proposed by many authors. By changing the parameter values, the output current and power with respect to voltage characteristics curves are acquired, and simulation results match the manufacturer’s data.
Social norms in promoting family planning: a study in Niger
Authors: Mayaki Fatchima , Kouabenan Dongo Rémi
Published: February 2015

Despite the progress made in the domain of family planning, the practice of the latter remains a current issue around the world, particularly in emerging and developing countries. This study examines the impact of traditional values and norms regarding family planning in Niger. Self-reported data were gathered – by means of a questionnaire – as to the variables likely to influence family planning practices (through contraceptive use). Participants were married females ( N = 200), between 21 and 50 years of age. The data were analysed using SPSS 15.0 software. The findings suggest that subjective norms have a direct effect on contraceptive use among women with no formal schooling, living in either rural or urban settings. For women with some formal schooling, it was their attitude towards family planning that had a direct effect on family planning practices. Suggestions for devising targeted family planning messages based on cultural values and norms have been proposed.
Getting Ahead in the Public Sector
Authors: Feeney Mary K. , Langer Julie
Published: February 2015

Although popular thought often portrays patronage and political connections as the primary factors associated with bureaucratic advancement, a long history of merit and performance-based reforms have sought to minimize the influence of politics on promotion in government. Although a great deal of research investigates how merit reforms have influenced perceptions of advancement at the federal level, little research investigates the factors individuals perceive as important for advancing in local government. This research seeks to understand municipal government managers’ views of the role of merit and political connections in getting ahead, and how those views vary by sex and race. Results indicate that sex, entrepreneurial work environment, department type, and previous private sector work experience are significantly related to the level of importance municipal managers ascribe to the role of merit for getting ahead. Race, entrepreneurial work environment, department type, age, previous non-profit work experience, type of government, and right to work policies at the state level are significantly related to the perceived importance of connections for advancing one’s career. We conclude with a discussion of the findings.
The association between candidate migraine susceptibility loci and severe migraine phenotype in a clinical sample
Authors: Esserlind Ann-Louise , Christensen Anne Francke , Steinberg Stacy , Grarup Niels , Pedersen Oluf , Hansen Torben , Werge Thomas , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Husemoen Lise Lotte N , Linneberg Allan , Budtz-Jorgensen Esben , Westergaard Maria Lurenda , Stefansson Hreinn , Olesen Jes
Published: February 2015

Introduction

The objective of the study was to follow up and to test whether 12 previously identified migraine-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated as risk factors and/or modifying factors for severe migraine traits in a Danish clinic-based population.

Methods

Semi-structured migraine interviews, blood sampling and genotyping were performed on 1806 unrelated migraineurs recruited from the Danish Headache Center. Genotyping was also performed on a control group of 6415 people with no history of migraine. Association analyses were carried out using logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated assuming an additive model for risk. The proxies for severe migraine traits (early onset of migraine; many lifetime attacks, prolonged migraine and tendency to chronification of migraine) were tested against the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms and a combined genetic score in both a case-control and case-only logistic regression model.

Results

We successfully replicated five out of the 12 previously reported loci and confirmed the same direction of effects for all the 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In line with the recently published genome-wide association meta-analysis, the associations were significant for all migraine and migraine without aura but not for migraine with typical aura. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2274316 and rs11172113) conferred risk of many lifetime attacks inthe case-control analysis. In the case-only analysis, only three single nucleotide polymorphisms showed nominal association with many lifetime attacks and prolonged migraine attacks.

Conclusion

Our study supports previously reported findings on the association of several single nucleotide polymorphisms with migraine. It also suggests that the migraine susceptibility loci may be risk factors for severe migraine traits.