bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Nanoindentation and Short-Range Order in Equiatomic NiCoCr Medium-Entropy Alloy Lead to Novel Density Wave Ordering
Authors: Naghdi A. , Domínguez-Gutiérrez F. J. , Huo W. Y. , Karimi K. , Papanikolaou S.
Published: March 2024

Chemical short-range order is believed to be a key contributor to the exceptional properties of multicomponent alloys. However, its direct validation and confirmation has been highly elusive in most compounds. Recent studies for equiatomic NiCoCr alloys have shown that thermal treatments (i.e., annealing and aging) may facilitate and manipulate such ordering. In this work, by using molecular simulations, we show that nanomechanical probes, such as nanoindentation, may be utilized toward further manipulation of chemical short-range order, providing explicit validation pathways. By using well established interatomic potentials, we perform hybrid molecular-dynamics–Monte Carlo at room temperature to demonstrate that particular dwell nanoindentation protocols can lead, through thermal Monte Carlo equilibration, to local reorganization under the indenter tip, toward a density-wave stripe pattern. We characterize the novel density-wave structures, which are highly anisotropic and dependent on local, nanoindentation-induced stress concentrations, and we show how they deeply originate from intrinsic features of interelemental interactions. Furthermore, we show that these novel patterns consistently scale with the incipient plastic zone, under the indenter tip, justifying their observation at experimentally feasible nanoindentation depths.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Universal Transitions between Growth and Dormancy via Intermediate Complex Formation
Authors: Yamagishi Jumpei F. , Kaneko Kunihiko
Published: March 2024

A simple cell model consisting of a catalytic reaction network with intermediate complex formation is numerically studied. As nutrients are depleted, the transition from the exponential growth phase to the growth-arrested dormant phase occurs along with hysteresis and a lag time for growth recovery. This transition is caused by the accumulation of intermediate complexes, leading to the jamming of reactions and the diversification of components. These properties are generic in random reaction networks, as supported by dynamical systems analyses of corresponding mean-field models.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
CoII-catalysed synthesis of N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine hemihydrochloride monohydrate
Authors: Gautam Ram N , Sonkar Sankatha P , Yadav Shailendra , Nath Paras , Bharty Manoj K.
Published: March 2024

The title compound, C14H12N4O2·0.5HCl·H2O or H(C14H12N4O2)2
+·Cl−·2H2O, arose from the unexpected cyclization of isonicotinoyl-N-phenyl hydrazine carbothioamide catalysed by cobalt(II) acetate. The organic molecule is almost planar and a symmetric N...H+...N hydrogen bond links two of them together, with the H atom lying on a crystallographic twofold axis. The extended structure features N—H...O and O—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, which generate [001] chains. Weak C—H...Cl interactions cross-link the chains. The chloride ion has site symmetry 2. The major contributions to the Hirshfeld surface are from H...H (47.1%), Cl...H/H...Cl (total 10.8%), O...H/H...O (7.4%) and N...H/H...N (6.7%) interactions.
Crystal structure of tetraphenyl phosphate tetrakis[dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloroacetyl)phosphoramidato]lutetium(III), PPh4[LuL
4]
Authors: Struhatska Mariia B. , Ovchynnikov Vladimir A. , Kariaka Nataliia S. , Gawryszewska Paula , Amirkhanov Volodymyr M.
Published: March 2024

A lutetium(III) complex based on the anion of the ligand dimethyl (2,2,2-trichloroacetyl)phosphoramidate (HL) and tetraphenylphosphonium, of composition PPh4[LuL
4] (L = CAPh = carbacylamidophosphate), or (C24H20)[Lu(C4H6Cl3NO4P)4], has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The X-ray diffraction study of the compound revealed that the lutetium ion is surrounded by four bis-chelating CAPh ligands, forming the complex anion [LuL
4]− with a coordination number of 8[O] for LuIII, while PPh4
+ serves as a counter-ion. The coordination geometry around the Lu3+ ion was determined to be a nearly perfect triangular dodecahedron. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system, space group P21/c, with four molecules in the unit cell. Weak hydrogen bonds O...HC(Ph), Cl...HC(Ph) and N...HC(Ph) are formed between the cations and anions. For a comparative study, HL-based structures were retrieved from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) and their geometries and conformations are discussed. A Hirshfeld surface analysis was also performed.
10-Bromo-N,N-diphenylanthracen-9-amine
Authors: Sureshkumar K. , Khamrang Themmila , Hemamalini Madhukar , Saravanan Dhandayutham , Antony G. Jerald Maria
Published: March 2024

In the title compound, C26H18BrN, the dihedral angles between the anthracene ring system and the phenyl rings are 89.51 (14) and 74.03 (15)°. In the extended structure, a weak C—H...Br interaction occurs, which generates [100] chains, but no significant π–π or C—H...π interactions are observed.
Confronting a leadership vacuum: the principal’s leadership role in peace education in South African schools
Authors: Ndwandwe Ntokozo Dennis
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This research aimed to assess the leadership role of principals in the implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employed qualitative research approach to assess the leadership role of principals in the implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools in the Western Cape, South Africa. Data were gathered from a small sample of six principals from six selected secondary schools which were engaged in the implementation of a peace education programme, and data were analysed using thematic content analyses.

Findings

Findings of the study suggest that principals possess a low level of understanding or awareness of their leadership role in the implementation of peace education. The study pointed out the constraints such as time constraints and learners' negative attitudes and social influences hinder the effective implementation of peace education in selected secondary schools.

Research limitations/implications

First, the data were self-reported and therefore subject to social desirability bias; participants may have provided socially desirable responses rather than their true belief or experiences. Thus, participants may have overstated their role in and commitment to the peace education programme.

Originality/value

Studies that aim to explore alternative approaches to combat violence, such as peace education, are still limited in South Africa. Hence, this paper served to close that gap by contributing to the growing body of research on the leadership role of the principal in the implementation of peace education in the school and exploring barriers hampering its effective implementation.
Study on dynamic characteristics of acceleration process of spherical hybrid sliding bearings rotor system
Authors: Xue Weiqiang , Shen Jingfeng , Fan Yawen
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The transient loads on the spherical hybrid sliding bearings (SHSBs) rotor system during the process of accelerating to stable speed are related to time, which exhibits a complex transient response of the rotor dynamics. The current study of the shaft center trajectory of the SHSBs rotor system is based on the assumption that the rotational speed is constant, which cannot truly reflect the trajectory of the rotor during operation. The purpose of this paper truly reflects the trajectory of the rotor and further investigates the stability of the rotor system during acceleration of SHSBs.

Design/methodology/approach

The model for accelerated rotor dynamics of SHSBs is established. The model is efficiently solved based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and then to obtain the shaft center trajectory of the rotor during acceleration.

Findings

Results show that the bearing should choose larger angular acceleration in the acceleration process from startup to the working speed; rotor system is more stable. With the target rotational speed increasing, the changes in the shaft trajectory of the acceleration process are becoming more complex, resulting in more time required for the bearing stability. When considering the stability of the rotor system during acceleration, the rotor equations of motion provide a feasible solution for the simulation of bearing rotor system.

Originality/value

The study can simulate the running stability of the shaft system from startup to the working speed in this process, which provides theoretical guidance for the stability of the rotor system of the SHSBs in the acceleration process.
Morphology analysis and process optimization of μ-SLA 3D manufactured micro-nano conic structure
Authors: Wu Chongjun , Chen Yutian , Wei Xinyi , Xu Junhao , Li Dongliu
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper is devoted to prepare micro-cone structure with variable cross-section size by Stereo Lithography Appearance (SLA)-based 3D additive manufacturing technology. It is mainly focused on analyzing the forming mechanism of equipment and factors affecting the forming quality and accuracy, investigating the influence of forming process parameters on the printing quality and optimization of the printing quality. This study is expected to provide a µ-SLA surface preparation technology and process parameters selection with low cost, high precision and short preparation period for microstructure forming.

Design/methodology/approach

The µ-SLA process is optimized based on the variable cross-section micro-cone structure printing. Multi-index analysis method was used to analyze the influence of process parameters. The process parameter influencing order is determined and validated with flawless micro array structure.

Findings

After the optimization analysis of the top diameter size, the bottom diameter size and the overall height, the influence order of the printing process parameters on the quality of the micro-cone forming is: exposure time (B), print layer thickness (A) and number of vibrations (C). The optimal scheme is A1B3C1, that is, the layer thickness of 5 µm, the exposure time of 3000 ms and the vibration of 64x. At this time, the cone structure with the bottom diameter of 50 µm and the cone angle of 5° could obtain a better surface structure.

Originality/value

This study is expected to provide a µ-SLA surface preparation technology and process parameters selection with low cost, high precision and short preparation period for microstructure forming.
Innovative business models of SMEs: state-of-the-art and future research agenda
Authors: Ferreira Joao J. , Candeias Fernandes Ana Joana , Gerschewski Stephan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper reviews the literature on the business models of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It seeks to examine the profile, conceptual and intellectual structure of the literature whilst leveraging the findings to suggest promising future paths to advance our knowledge on business models of SMEs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study resorts to a systematic literature review that conducts descriptive, bibliometric (i.e. co-word occurrence analysis and bibliographic coupling of documents analysis) and content analyses to review the literature on business models of SMEs. The research protocol included 301 articles collected in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the descriptive and bibliometric analyses. The bibliometric analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software.

Findings

The descriptive analysis portrayed the profile of this research stream. The systematisation of the co-word occurrence analysis describes the four clusters that comprise the conceptual structure of this research field. The content analysis of the bibliographic coupling of documents’ clusters portrays the seven clusters that involve the intellectual structure of this research area.

Originality/value

The integrated and holistic approach adopted in this study provides a detailed overview of the literature on business models of SMEs. We propose an integrative framework for the literature that bridges the main themes that form the conceptual and intellectual structure of this field of research. A comprehensive agenda for future research is suggested and implications for theory, policy and practice are stated.
Business strategic insight: understanding the impact of perceived value and impulsiveness on consumer response in global mobile shopping
Authors: Negash Yeneneh Tamirat , Jyun Liao Pei , Tarhini Ali , Rehman Shafique Ur
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to contribute to the International Business literature by investigating the marketing stimuli that drive impulsiveness and perceived value in mobile shopping (MS) platforms and their impact on consumer response.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a sample of 891 MS platform users and applies structural equation modeling based on the stimulus–organism–response and the consumption value theory.

Findings

The empirical finding revealed that rewards, recognition, reviews and ratings are the most influential factors driving perceived value. In addition, the results indicated that customized offerings and visually appealing experiences were the most critical factors affecting the state of impulsiveness. This study also highlights the negative impact of the ubiquitous nature of MS on impulse buying behavior, emphasizing the importance of providing consumers with tools to make informed decisions. This study demonstrates a significant positive relationship between perceived value and impulsiveness, influencing MS.

Practical implications

This study reveals generational differences in the impact of reviews and ratings on perceived value, which can inform businesses’ MS strategies. The results have implications for managers of international firms seeking to optimize their business strategies.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, using structural equation modeling, this study is the first to conduct a comprehensive examination of marketing stimuli, impulsiveness and perceived value in MS platforms. It offers businesses strategic insights by identifying rewards, recognition and customized offerings as the key determinants of consumer behavior.
Demystifying the relationships among green HRM, green work engagement, green innovation and environmental performance: a serial mediation model
Authors: K Jnaneswar
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to demystify the mediating mechanism behind the relationship between green human resource management (HRM) and an organization’s environmental performance with the support of resource-based view theory and social exchange theory. Specifically, this study investigates the sequential mediation of green work engagement and green innovation on the direct effect of green HRM on environmental performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This quantitative study collected data from 311 employees working in various Indian manufacturing firms using an online survey. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the model fit of the serial mediation model, and PROCESS macro was used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The findings of the study revealed the following important results. First, green HRM positively affects an organization’s environmental performance. Second, green work engagement mediates the effect of green HRM on environmental performance. Third, green innovation mediates the effect of green HRM on environmental performance. Fourth, green work engagement and green innovation sequentially mediate the green HRM–environmental relationship.

Practical implications

This study offers the following practical implications. First, it improves the managerial comprehension of the processes in enhancing environmental performance. Second, it implies that managers need to implement green HRM in their organizations as they play a pivotal role in improving employees’ green work engagement, organizations’ green innovation and environmental performance.

Originality/value

The present study is one of the primary research works that examined the serial mediating effect of green work engagement and green innovation in the relationship between green HRM and environmental performance. This study enriches the existing literature on green HRM and environmental performance by uncovering the mediating mechanism of green work engagement and green innovation.
The power of technology innovation: can smart transportation technology innovation accelerate green transportation efficiency?
Authors: Zhao Congyu
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the causal relationship between smart transportation technology innovation and green transportation efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

A comprehensive framework is used in this paper to assess the level of green transportation efficiency in China based on the instrumental variable – generalized method of moments model, followed by an examination of the impact of innovation in smart transportation technology on green transportation efficiency. Additionally, their non-linear relationship is explored, as are their important moderating and mediating effects.

Findings

The findings indicate that, first, the efficiency of green transportation is significantly enhanced by innovation in smart transportation technology, which means that investing in such technologies contributes to improving green transportation efficiency. Second, in areas where green transportation efficiency is initially low, smart transportation technology innovation exerts a particularly potent influence in driving green transportation efficiency, which underscores the pivotal role of such innovation in bolstering efficiency when it is lacking. Third, the relationship between smart transportation technology innovation and green transportation efficiency is moderated by information and communication technology, and the influence of smart transportation technology innovation on green transportation efficiency is realized through an increase in energy efficiency and carbon emissions efficiency.

Originality/value

Advancing green transportation is essential in establishing a low-carbon trajectory within the transportation sector.
Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between nonacral and acral melanoma in Asian individuals
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Jen , Li Cheng‐Yuan , Wang Tien‐Hsiang , Ma Hsu , Chou Teh‐Ying
Published: March 2024

Melanoma predominantly occurs in White individuals, which is associated with factors such as exposure to UV radiation and skin pigmentation. Despite its low incidence, melanoma is the primary cause of skin cancer–related death in Asia, typically in areas with low sun exposure. In our previous whole‐exome sequencing study, we identified mutational signature 12 as the most prevalent variant in Asian patients, differing from the common UV‐associated mutational signature 7 observed in White individuals. We also observed major differences between acral melanoma (AM) and nonacral melanoma (NAM) in terms of signatures 7, 21, and 22. Notably, few studies have investigated the genomic differences between AM and NAM in Asian individuals. Therefore, in this study, we conducted transcriptomic sequencing to examine the disparities in RNA expression between AM and NAM. Ribosomal RNA depletion was performed to enhance the detection of functionally relevant coding and noncoding transcripts. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression and regulatory pathways between AM and NAM. The results also indicate that the genes involved in cell cycle signaling or immune modulation and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 signaling were differentially expressed in NAM and AM. In addition, high CDK4 expression and cell cycle variability were observed in AM, with high immunogenicity in NAM. Overall, these findings provide further insights into the pathogenesis of melanoma and serve as a reference for future research on this major malignant disease.
Matrix metalloproteinases are associated with severity of disease among COVID‐19 patients: A possible pharmacological target
Authors: Cavalcante Gisele Lopes , Bonifacio Lívia Pimenta , Sanches‐lopes Jéssica Maria , Puga Fernanda Guioti , de Carvalho Felipe Santos , Bellissimo‐Rodrigues Fernando , Tanus‐Santos Jose Eduardo
Published: March 2024

COVID‐19 is a devastating disease and imbalanced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity may contribute to its pathophysiology. This exploratory study examined whether increased circulating concentrations of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9, and their endogenous inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMP)‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3 and TIMP‐4 are persistently found in patients 2 weeks after their recovery from severe or critical COVID‐19 as compared with those in healthy controls. Subjects who had severe (n = 26) or critical (n = 25) PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 and healthy controls (n = 21) had blood samples drawn 2 weeks after recovery and serum MMP‐2, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, TIMP‐3 and TIMP‐4 were determined using two Human Luminex® Discovery Assays. Circulating MMP activity was also determined by gel zymography. Patients who had severe or critical COVID‐19 had increased circulating MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 concentrations, with increased MMP‐9/TIMP‐1 and MMP‐2/TIMP‐2 ratios indicating increased MMP activity, confirmed by gel zymography (all p < 0.05). Higher circulating MMP‐9 (but not MMP‐2) concentrations were found in critical versus severe COVID‐19 (p < 0.05). We found increased circulating MMP‐9 and MMP‐2 concentrations and activity many days after recovery from the acute disease, with MMP‐9 levels associated with disease severity. These biochemical alterations suggest that MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 may be important pharmacological targets in COVID‐19.
Arguments for a ban on pediatric intersex surgery: A dis/analogy with Jehovah witness blood transfusion
Authors: Clune‐Taylor Catherine
Published: March 2024

This article argues for a ban on the performance of medically unnecessary genital normalizing surgeries as part of assigning a binary sex/gender to infants with intersex conditions on the basis of autonomy, regardless of etiology. It does this via a dis/analogy with the classic case in bioethics of Jehovah Witness (JW) parents' inability to refuse life‐saving blood transfusions for their minor children. Both cases address ethical medical practice in situations where parents are making irreversible medical decisions on the basis of values strongly held, identity, and relationship‐shaping values—such as religious beliefs or beliefs regarding the inherent value of binary sex/gender—amidst ethical pluralism. Furthermore, it takes seriously—as we must in the intersex case—that the restriction of parents' right to choose will likely result in serious harms to potentially large percentage of patients, their families, and their larger communities. I address the objection that parents' capacity to choose is restricted in the JW case on the basis of the harm principle or a duty to nonmaleficence, given that the result of parent choice would be death. I provide evidence that this is mistaken from how we treat epistemic uncertainty in the JW case and from cases in which clinicians are ethically obligated to restrict the autonomy of nonminor patients. I conclude that we restrict the parents' right to choose in the JW case—and should in the case of pediatric intersex surgery—to secure patient's future autonomy.
Evolution of European prostate cancer screening protocols and summary of ongoing trials
Authors: van Harten Meike J. , Roobol Monique J. , van Leeuwen Pim J. , Willemse Peter‐Paul M. , van den Bergh Roderick C.N.
Published: March 2024

Population‐based organised repeated screening for prostate cancer has been found to reduce disease‐specific mortality, but with substantial overdiagnosis leading to overtreatment. Although only very few countries have implemented a screening programme on a national level, individual prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing is common. This opportunistic testing may have little favourable impact, while stressing the side‐effects. The classic early detection protocols as were state‐of‐the‐art in the 1990s applied a PSA and digital rectal examination threshold for sextant systematic prostate biopsy, with a fixed interval for re‐testing, and limited indication for expectant management. In the three decades since these trials were started, different important improvements have become available in the cascade of screening, indication for biopsy, and treatment. The main developed aspects include: better identification of individuals at risk (using early/baseline PSA, family history, and/or genetic profile), individualised re‐testing interval, optimised and individualised starting and stopping age, with gradual invitation at a fixed age rather than invitation of a wider range of age groups, risk stratification for biopsy (using PSA density, risk calculator, magnetic resonance imaging, serum and urine biomarkers, or combinations/sequences), targeted biopsy, transperineal biopsy approach, active surveillance for low‐risk prostate cancer, and improved staging of disease. All these developments are suggested to decrease the side‐effects of screening, while at least maintaining the advantages, but Level 1 evidence is lacking. The knowledge gained and new developments on early detection are being tested in different prospective screening trials throughout Europe. In addition, the European Union‐funded PRostate cancer Awareness and Initiative for Screening in the European Union (PRAISE‐U) project will compare and evaluate different screening pilots throughout Europe. Implementation and sustainability will also be addressed. Modern screening approaches may reduce the burden of the second most frequent cause of cancer‐related death in European males, while minimising side‐effects. Also, less efficacious opportunistic early detection may be indirectly reduced.
The optimal number of induction chemotherapy cycles in clinically lymph node‐positive bladder cancer
Authors: von Deimling Markus , Mertens Laura S. , Furrer Marc , Li Roger , Tendijck Guus A.H. , Taylor Jacob , Crocetto Felice , Maas Moritz , Mari Andrea , Pichler Renate , Moschini Marco , Tully Karl H. , D'Andrea David , Laukhtina Ekaterina , Del Giudice Francesco , Marcq Gautier , Velev Maud , Gallioli Andrea , Albisinni Simone , Mori Keiichiro , Khanna Abhinav , Rink Michael , Fisch Margit , Minervini Andrea , Black Peter C. , Lotan Yair , Spiess Philippe E. , Kiss Bernhard , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Pradere Benjamin ,   CLIPOLY Study Group Collaborators
Published: March 2024

Objective

To investigate the optimal number of induction chemotherapy cycles needed to achieve a pathological response in patients with clinically lymph node‐positive (cN+) bladder cancer (BCa) who received three or four cycles of induction chemotherapy followed by consolidative radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymph node dissection.

Patients and Methods

We included 388 patients who received three or four cycles of cisplatin/gemcitabine or (dose‐dense) methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC), followed by consolidative RC for cTanyN1–3M0 BCa. We compared pathological complete (pCR = ypT0N0) and objective response (pOR = yp ≤T1N0) between treatment groups. Predictors of pCR and/or pOR were assessed using uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The secondary endpoints were overall (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). We evaluated the association between the number of induction chemotherapy cycles administered and survival outcomes on multivariable Cox regression.

Results

Overall, 101 and 287 patients received three or four cycles of induction chemotherapy, respectively. Of these, 72 (19%) and 128 (33%) achieved pCR and pOR response, respectively. The pCR (20%, 18%) and pOR (40%, 31%) rates did not differ significantly between patients receiving three or four cycles (P > 0.05). The number of cycles was not associated with pCR or pOR on multivariable logistic regression analyses. The 2‐year OS estimates were 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.53–0.74) and 63% (95% CI 0.58–0.7) for patients receiving three or four cycles, respectively. Receiving three vs four cycles was not associated with OS and CSS on uni‐ or multivariable Cox regression analyses.

Conclusion

Pathological response and survival outcomes did not differ between administering three or four induction chemotherapy cycles in patients with cN+ BCa. A fewer cycles (minimum three) may be oncologically sufficient in patients with cN+ BCa, while decreasing the wait for definitive local therapy in those patients who end up without a response to chemotherapy. This warrants further validation.
Conflicts with Friends and Romantic Partners: Qualitative and Quantitative Analyses of the Experiences of Girls in Care
Authors: Chan Samantha , Wincentak Katherine , Connolly Jennifer
Published: March 2024

Conflicts are common in adolescent friendships and romantic relationships. The ways girls in care navigate conflicts in close relationships have implications for their resilience, since their family relationships are compromised. We employed qualitative and quantitative approaches to explore the conflicts in the friend and romantic relationships of 37 girls in care. They completed an interview about the conflicts with their best friend and boyfriend and a measure on the positive and negative quality of the friendship and romantic relationship within which the conflicts took place. Thematic analysis indicated the girls experienced more intense and volatile conflicts with their boyfriend than best friend. However, the intensity of these conflicts was mitigated by their positive perceptions in their quantitative reports. Despite conflicts, the girls reported significantly higher levels of positive than negative relationship quality within their romantic relationships and similar levels of negative quality between the two relationships. Findings highlight the girls' struggles with their romantic relationship compared to their friendship and especially their attempts to interpret conflict within a more global assessment of relationship quality. The findings provide a nuanced understanding of the girls' relational patterns, which can be used to inform interventions to support their development of healthy relationships.
Identification of genetic causes in children with unexplained epilepsy based on trio‐whole exome sequencing
Authors: Chengyan Li , Chupeng Xue , You Wang , Yinhui Chen , Binglong Huang , Dang Ao , Ling Liu , Chuan Tian
Published: March 2024

Genotype and clinical phenotype analyses of 128 children were performed based on whole exome sequencing (WES), providing a reference for the provision of genetic counseling and the precise diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. A total of 128 children with unexplained epilepsy were included in this study, and all their clinical data were analyzed. The children's treatments, epilepsy control, and neurodevelopmental levels were regularly followed up every 3 months. The genetic diagnostic yield of the 128 children with epilepsy is 50.8%, with an SNV diagnostic yield of 39.8% and a CNV diagnostic yield of 12.5%. Among the 128 children with epilepsy, 57.0% had onset of epilepsy in infancy, 25.8% have more than two clinical seizure forms, 62.5% require two or more anti‐epileptic drug treatments, and 72.7% of the children have varying degrees of psychomotor development retardation. There are significant differences between ages of onset, neurodevelopmental levels and the presence of drug resistance in the genetic diagnostic yield (all p < 0.05). The 52 pathogenic/likely pathogenic SNVs involve 31 genes, with genes encoding ion channels having the largest number of mutations (30.8%). There were 16 cases of pathogenic/possibly pathogenic CNVs, among which the main proportions of CNVs were located in chromosome 15 and chromosome 16. Trio‐WES is an essential tool for the genetic diagnosis of unexplained epilepsy, with a genetic diagnostic yield of up to 50.8%. Early genetic testing can provide an initiate appropriate therapies and accurate molecular diagnosis.
Bayesian tip‐dated phylogeny and biogeography of Cissampelideae (Menispermaceae): Mitigating the effects of homoplastic morphological characters
Authors: Lian Lian , Peng Huan‐Wen , Erst Andrey S. , Ortiz Rosa del C. , Jabbour Florian , Chen Zhi‐Duan , Wang Wei
Published: March 2024

The integration of morphological and molecular data is essential to understand the affinities of fossil taxa and spatio‐temporal evolutionary processes of organisms. However, homoplastic morphological characters can mislead the placement of fossil taxa and impact downstream analyses. Here, we provide an example of how to mitigate effectively the effect of morphological homoplasy on the placement of fossil taxa and biogeographic inferences of Cissampelideae. We assembled three data types, morphological data only, morphological data with a molecular scaffold and combined morphological and molecular data. By removing high‐level homoplastic morphological data or reweighting the morphological characters, we conducted 15 parsimony, 12 undated Bayesian and four dated Bayesian analyses. Our results show that the 14 selected Cissampelideae fossil taxa are placed poorly when based only on morphological data, but the addition of molecular scaffold and combination of morphological and molecular data greatly improve the resolution of fossil nodes. We raise the monotypic Stephania subg. Botryodiscia to generic status and discover that three fossils previously assigned to Stephania should be members of Diploclisia. The Bayesian tip‐dated tree recovered by removing homoplastic morphological characters with a Rescaled Consistency Index <0.25 has the highest stratigraphic fit and consequently generates more reasonable biogeographic reconstruction for Cissampelideae. Cissampelideae began to diversify in Asia in the latest Cretaceous and subsequently dispersed to South America around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene boundary. Two dispersal events from Asia to Africa occurred in the Early Eocene and the Late Eocene–Late Oligocene, respectively. These findings provide guidelines and practical methods for mitigating the effects of homoplastic morphological characters on fossil placements and Bayesian tip‐dating, as well as insights into the past tropical floristic exchanges among different continents.
Guided bone regeneration for peri‐implant augmentation: A retrospective study comparing two surgical techniques with a mean follow‐up of 26 months
Authors: Liu Yeyu , Lan Dongping , Gao Jiayu , Deng Chen , Man Yi
Published: March 2024

Objectives

To introduce a modified guided bone regeneration (GBR) technique using intact periosteum and deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) for peri‐implant augmentation and compare the clinical outcomes with those of conventional GBR.

Materials and Methods

Patients who received peri‐implant augmentation in posterior sites between 2015 and 2021 were reviewed in this study. Group A was treated with a modified GBR technique, and Group B was treated with conventional GBR. For group comparison, propensity score matching was performed with a sensitivity analysis. The implant survival rate, dimensional changes in hard tissue, marginal bone loss (MBL), and peri‐implant parameters were evaluated.

Results

In total, 114 implants from 98 patients were included. The implant survival rates were 95.74% in Group A and 95.00% in Group B during the follow‐up period. At 6 months, the median horizontal thickness was recorded at 0.87 mm (IQ1–IQ3 = 0.00–1.75 mm) in Group A, exhibiting a relatively lower value compared to the corresponding measurement of 0.98 mm (IQ1–IQ3 = 0.00–1.89 mm) in Group B (p = .937). Vertical height displayed no statistically significant intergroup difference between the two groups (p = .758). The mean follow‐up period was 25.83 ± 12.93 months after loading in Group A and 27.47 ± 21.29 months in Group B (p = .761). MBL and peri‐implant parameters were comparable between the two groups.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, the modified GBR technique using intact periosteum and DBBM grafting might be a viable alternative to correct bone defects around implants in molar and premolar sites.
Exosome‐transmitted podoplanin promotes tumor‐associated macrophage‐mediated immune tolerance in glioblastoma
Authors: Wu Mengwan , Shi Ying , Liu Yuyang , Huang Hongxiang , Che Jiajia , Shi Jing , Xu Chuan
Published: March 2024

Aims

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid disease course and poor treatment responsiveness. The abundance of immunosuppressive macrophages in glioblastoma challenges the efficacy of novel immunotherapy.

Methods

Bulk RNA‐seq and single‐cell RNA‐seq of glioma patients from public databases were comprehensively analyzed to illustrate macrophage infiltration patterns and molecular characteristics of podoplanin (PDPN). Multiplexed fluorescence immunohistochemistry staining of PDPN, GFAP, CD68, and CD163 were performed in glioma tissue microarray. The impact of PDPN on macrophage immunosuppressive polarization was investigated using a co‐culture system. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) and OT‐II T cells isolated from BALB/c and OT‐II mice respectively were co‐cultured to determine T‐cell adherence. Pathway alterations were probed through RNA sequencing and western blot analyses.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that PDPN is notably correlated with the expression of CD68 and CD163 in glioma tissues. Additionally, macrophages phagocytosing PDPN‐containing EVs (EVsPDPN) from GBM cells presented increased CD163 expression and augmented secretion of immunoregulatory cytokine (IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF‐α, and TGF‐β1). PDPN within EVs was also associated with enhanced phagocytic activity and reduced MHC II expression in macrophages, compromising CD4+ T‐cell activation.

Conclusions

This investigation underscores that EVsPDPN derived from glioblastoma cells contributes to M2 macrophage‐mediated immunosuppression and is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target in glioblastoma.
Hyperforin ameliorates neuroinflammation and white matter lesions by regulating microglial VEGFR2/SRC pathway in vascular cognitive impairment mice
Authors: Gao Xin , Chen Jingjing , Yin Ge , Liu Yanqun , Gu Zhengsheng , Sun Rui , Sun Xu , Jiao Xuehao , Wang Ling , Wang Nuo , Zhang Yanbo , Kan Yuting , Bi Xiaoying , Du Bingying
Published: March 2024

Aim

To explore the neuroprotective potential of hyperforin and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its therapeutic effects against vascular cognitive impairment (VCI).

Methods

The active compounds and possible targets of Hypericum perforatum L. that may be effective against VCI were found by network pharmacology in this research. We utilized bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) surgery to induce a VCI mouse model. Morris water maze (MWM) and Y‐maze tests were used to assess VCI mice's cognitive abilities following treatment with hyperforin. To evaluate white matter lesions (WMLs), we utilized Luxol fast blue (LFB) stain and immunofluorescence (IF). Neuroinflammation was assessed using IF, western blot (WB), and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The effects of hyperforin on microglia were investigated by subjecting the BV2 microglial cell line to oxygen–glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) stimulation. The expressions of VEGFR2, p‐SRC, SRC, VEGFA, and inflammatory markers including IL‐10, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 were subsequently assessed.

Results

The VEGFR2/SRC signaling pathway is essential for mediating the protective properties of hyperforin against VCI according to network pharmacology analysis. In vivo findings demonstrated that hyperforin effectively improved BCCAO‐induced cognitive impairment. Furthermore, staining results showed that hyperforin attenuated WMLs and reduced microglial activation in VCI mice. The hyperforin treatment group's ELISA results revealed a substantial decrease in IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α levels. According to the results of in vitro experiments, hyperforin decreased the release of pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β) and blocked microglial M1‐polarization by modulating the VEGFR2/SRC signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Hyperforin effectively modulated microglial M1 polarization and neuroinflammation by inhibiting the VEGFR2/SRC signaling pathways, thereby ameliorating WMLs and cognitive impairment in VCI mice.
CD4+CD11b+ T cells infiltrate and aggravate the traumatic brain injury depending on brain‐to‐cervical lymph node signaling
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Liu Xuanhui , Chen Yupeng , Liu Mingqi , Yuan Jiangyuan , Nie Meng , Fan Yibing , Wu Di , Qian Yu , Sha Zhuang , Dong Shiying , Wu Chenrui , Liu Tao , Huang Jinhao , Zhang Jianning , Gao Chuang , Jiang Rongcai
Published: March 2024

Aim

We aim to identify the specific CD4+ T‐cell subtype influenced by brain‐to‐CLN signaling and explore their role during the acute phase of traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Method

Cervical lymphadenectomy or cervical afferent lymphatic ligation was performed before TBI. Cytokine array and western blot were used to detect cytokines, while the motor function was assessed using mNss and rotarod test. CD4+ T‐cell subtypes in blood, brain, and CLNs were analyzed with Cytometry by time‐of‐flight analysis (CyTOF) or fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Brain edema and volume changes were measured by 9.4T MRI. Neuronal apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.

Results

Cervical lymphadenectomy and ligation of cervical lymphatic vessels resulted in a decreased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, specifically CD11b‐positive CD4+ T cells, within the affected region. The population of CD4+CD11b+ T cells increased in ligated CLNs, accompanied by a decrease in the average fluorescence intensity of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 (S1PR1) on these cells. Administration of CD4+CD11b+ T cells sorted from CLNs into the lateral ventricle reversed the attenuated neurologic deficits, brain edema, and lesion volume following cervical lymphadenectomy.

Conclusion

The infiltration of CD4+CD11b+ T cells exacerbates secondary brain damage in TBI, and this process is modulated by brain‐to‐CLN signaling.
Low energy contact X‐ray brachytherapy for treatment of rectal cancer: a health technology appraisal by Health Technology Wales
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Rao Christopher , Batten Leona , Hasler Elise , Jarrom David , Prettyjohns Matthew , Barrington Craig , Sun Myint Arthur
Published: March 2024

Aim

Health Technology Wales sought to evaluate the clinical and cost‐effectiveness of contact X‐ray brachytherapy (CXB) for early‐stage rectal cancer.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified through systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus. A cost‐utility model was developed to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of CXB in National Health Service Wales, using results of the Organ Preservation in Early Rectal Adenocarcinoma (OPERA) trial. Patient perspectives were obtained through the Papillon Patient Support group and All‐Wales Cancer Network.

Results

The OPERA randomized controlled trial showed that CXB improved complete response and organ preservation rates compared with external‐beam boost for people with T2–3b, N0–1, M0 rectal cancer who are fit for surgery. Managing more of this population non‐operatively after CXB was estimated to provide 0.2 quality‐adjusted life years at an additional cost of £887 per person. CXB was cost effective compared with external‐beam boost at a cost of £4463 per quality‐adjusted life year gained. This conclusion did not change in scenario analysis and CXB was cost effective in 91% of probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Patients valued receiving clear information on all available options to support their individual treatment choices. The detrimental impact of a stoma on quality of life led some patients to reject the idea that surgery was their only option.

Conclusion

This evidence review and cost‐utility analysis indicates that CXB is likely to be clinically and cost effective, as part of a watch and wait strategy for adults fit for surgery. Wider access to CXB is supported by patient testimonies.
Anetoderma after disseminated Mpox
Authors: Grau‐Echevarría Andrés , Labrandero‐Hoyos Carolina , Peñuelas‐Leal Rodrigo , Finello Malena , Blaya‐Imbernón Daniel , García‐García José Ángel , Berenguer‐Romero María Dolores , de Miquel Víctor Alegre , Pérez‐Ferriols Amparo , Martínez‐Calabuig Pablo , Hernández‐Bel Pablo
Published: March 2024

Anetoderma or macular atrophy is a rare skin condition of unclear pathogenesis, often associated with autoimmune diseases and skin damage from various infections. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), syphilis, and poxviruses have been implicated in the development of anetoderma. A 37‐year‐old male patient with HIV and recent unprotected sexual encounters presented with more than 400 skin lesions, consistent with Mpox. Symptomatic treatment for Mpox resulted in acute symptom resolution. However, 8 months later he developed papular anetoderma lesions in areas previously affected by Mpox. Biopsy confirmed the loss of elastic fibers in the affected skin areas, leading to the diagnosis of Mpox‐induced anetoderma. This report presents a unique case of anetoderma following Mpox in an HIV‐positive patient.
A pain in the grass–The trials and tribulations of Sporobolus propagation
Authors: Jenkins Chris
Published: March 2024

Initial difficulties in germinating the prairie dropseed grass Sporobolus heterolepis (A. Gray) A. Gray and the ways in which they were it was overcome are described. The resulting seedlings are grown in deep plugs before being planted out in the developing prairie.
An exploratory analysis of the cost‐effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 units/mL versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL over a lifetime horizon using the BRAVO diabetes model
Authors: Shao Hui , Shi Lizheng , Fonseca Vivian , Alsaleh Abdul Jabbar Omar , Gill Jasvinder , Nicholls Charlie
Published: March 2024

Background

This analysis assessed the cost‐effectiveness of insulin glargine 300 units/mL (Gla‐300) versus insulin glargine 100 units/mL (Gla‐100) in insulin‐naïve adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled with oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Methods

Costs and outcomes for Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100 from a US healthcare payer perspective were assessed using the BRAVO diabetes model. Baseline clinical data were derived from EDITION‐3, a 12‐month randomized controlled trial comparing Gla‐300 with Gla‐100 in insulin‐naïve adults with inadequately controlled T2D on OADs. Treatment costs were calculated based on doses observed in EDITION‐3 and 2020 US net prices, while costs for complications were based on published literature. Lifetime costs ($US) and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) were predicted and used to calculate incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates; extensive scenario and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

Results

Lifetime medical costs were estimated to be $353,441 and $352,858 for individuals receiving Gla‐300 and Gla‐100 respectively; insulin costs were $52,613 and $50,818. Gla‐300 was associated with a gain of 8.97 QALYs and 21.12 life‐years, while Gla‐100 was associated with a gain of 8.89 QALYs and 21.07 life‐years. This resulted in an ICER of $7522/QALY gained for Gla‐300 versus Gla‐100. Thus, Gla‐300 was cost‐effective versus Gla‐100 based on a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000/QALY. Compared with Gla‐100, Gla‐300 provided a net monetary benefit of $3290. Scenario and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the base case.

Conclusion

Gla‐300 may be a cost‐effective treatment option versus Gla‐100 over a lifetime horizon for insulin‐naïve people in the United States with T2D inadequately controlled on OADs.