bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tooth autotransplantation: An umbrella review
Authors: Tan Bing Liang , Tong Huei Jinn , Narashimhan Srinivasan , Banihani Alaa , Nazzal Hani , Duggal Mandeep Singh
Published: March 2023

Tooth autotransplantation is a versatile procedure with several clinical applications among patients across different age groups. The success of this procedure depends on multiple factors. Despite the wealth of studies available, no single primary study or systematic review is able to report on every factor affecting the outcomes of autotransplantation. The aims of this umbrella review were to evaluate treatment‐related and patient‐related outcomes of autotransplantation and to assess the pre‐, peri‐ or post‐operative factors that could affect these. An umbrella review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. A literature search of five databases was performed up to 25 September 2022. Systematic Reviews (SR) with and without meta‐analysis evaluating autotransplantation were included. Calibration among reviewers was carried out prior to study selection, data extraction and Risk of Bias (RoB) assessment. Study overlap was calculated using corrected covered area. Meta‐meta‐analysis (MMA) was performed for suitable SRs. The AMSTAR 2 critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Seventeen SRs met the inclusion criteria. Only two SRs were suitable for conduct of MMA on autotransplantation of open apex teeth. The 5‐year and 10‐year survival rates were >95%. A narrative summary on factors that could affect autotransplantation outcomes and comparisons of autotransplantation to other treatment options were reported. Five SRs were rated as ‘low quality’ and 12 SRs were rated as ‘critically low quality’ in the AMSTAR 2 RoB assessment. In order to facilitate a more homogenous pool of data for subsequent meta‐analysis, an Autotransplantation Outcome Index was also proposed to standardise the definition of outcomes. Autotransplantation of teeth with open apices have a high survival rate. Future studies should standardise the reporting of clinical and radiographic findings, as well as the definition of outcomes.
Performance of serum neurofilament light chain in a wide spectrum of clinical courses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis—a cross‐sectional multicenter study
Authors: Meyer Thomas , Salkic Erma , Grehl Torsten , Weyen Ute , Kettemann Dagmar , Weydt Patrick , Günther René , Lingor Paul , Koch Jan Christoph , Petri Susanne , Hermann Andreas , Prudlo Johannes , Großkreutz Julian , Baum Petra , Boentert Matthias , Metelmann Moritz , Norden Jenny , Cordts Isabell , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Dorst Johannes , Ludolph Albert , Koc Yasemin , Walter Bertram , Münch Christoph , Spittel Susanne , Dreger Marie , Maier André , Körtvélyessy Péter
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose

The objective was to assess the performance of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a wide range of disease courses, in terms of progression, duration and tracheostomy invasive ventilation (TIV).

Methods

A prospective cross‐sectional study at 12 ALS centers in Germany was performed. sNfL concentrations were age adjusted using sNfL Z scores expressing the number of standard deviations from the mean of a control reference database and correlated to ALS duration and ALS progression rate (ALS‐PR), defined by the decline of the ALS Functional Rating Scale.

Results

In the total ALS cohort (n = 1378) the sNfL Z score was elevated (3.04; 2.46–3.43; 99.88th percentile). There was a strong correlation of sNfL Z score with ALS‐PR (p < 0.001). In patients with long (5–10 years, n = 167) or very long ALS duration (>10 years, n = 94) the sNfL Z score was significantly lower compared to the typical ALS duration of <5 years (n = 1059) (p < 0.001). Furthermore, in patients with TIV, decreasing sNfL Z scores were found in correlation with TIV duration and ALS‐PR (p = 0.002; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The finding of moderate sNfL elevation in patients with long ALS duration underlined the favorable prognosis of low sNfL. The strong correlation of sNfL Z score with ALS‐PR strengthened its value as progression marker in clinical management and research. The lowering of sNfL in correlation with long TIV duration could reflect a reduction either in disease activity or in the neuroaxonal substrate of biomarker formation during the protracted course of ALS.
Association of aberrant brain network dynamics with gut microbial composition uncovers disrupted brain–gut–microbiome interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Preliminary findings
Authors: Yang Lin , Liu Guangyao , Li Shan , Yao Chaofan , Zhao Ziyang , Chen Nan , Zhang Pengfei , Shang Yingying , Wang Yin , Zhang Dekui , Tian Xiaozhu , Zhang Jing , Yao Zhijun , Hu Bin
Published: March 2023

Background and purpose

Growing evidence suggests that abnormalities in brain–gut–microbiome (BGM) interactions are involved in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our study aimed to explore alterations in dynamic functional connectivity (DFC), the gut microbiome and the bidirectional interaction in the BGM.

Methods

Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI), fecal samples and clinical chacteristics were collected from 33 IBS patients and 32 healthy controls. We performed a systematic DFC analysis on rs‐fMRI. The gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Associations between DFC characteristics and microbial alterations were explored.

Results

In the DFC analysis, four dynamic functional states were identified. IBS patients exhibited increased mean dwell and fraction time in State 4, and reduced transitions from State 3 to State 1. Aberrant temporal properties in State 4 were only evident when choosing a short window (36 s or 44 s). Decreased functional connectivity (FC) variability was found in State 1 and State 3 in IBS patients, two of which (independent component [IC]51‐IC91, IC46‐IC11) showed significant correlations with clinical characteristics. Additionally, we identified nine significantly differential abundances in microbial composition. We also found that IBS‐related microbiota were associated with aberrant FC variability, although these exploratory results were obtained at an uncorrected threshold of significance.

Conclusions

Although future studies are needed to confirm our results, the findings not only provide a new insight into the dysconnectivity hypothesis in IBS from a dynamic perspective, but also establish a possible link between DFC and the gut microbiome, which lays the foundation for future research on disrupted BGM interactions.
Environmental, geographical and time‐related impacts on avian malaria infections in native and introduced populations of house sparrows (Passer domesticus), a globally invasive species
Authors: Ferraguti Martina , Magallanes Sergio , Jiménez‐Peñuela Jéssica , Martínez‐de la Puente Josué , Garcia‐Longoria Luz , Figuerola Jordi , Muriel Jaime , Albayrak Tamer , Bensch Staffan , Bonneaud Camille , Clarke Rohan H. , Czirják Gábor Á. , Dimitrov Dimitar , Espinoza Kathya , Ewen John G. , Ishtiaq Farah , Flores‐Saavedra Wendy , Garamszegi László Zsolt , Hellgren Olof , Horakova Dita , Huyvaert Kathryn P. , Jensen Henrik , Križanauskienė Asta , Lima Marcos R. , Lujan‐Vega Charlene , Magnussen Eyðfinn , Martin Lynn B. , Matson Kevin D. , Møller Anders Pape , Munclinger Pavel , Palinauskas Vaidas , Pap Péter L. , Pérez‐Tris Javier , Renner Swen C. , Ricklefs Robert , Scebba Sergio , Sehgal Ravinder N. M. , Soler Manuel , Szöllősi Eszter , Valkiūnas Gediminas , Westerdahl Helena , Zehtindjiev Pavel , Marzal Alfonso
Published: March 2023

Aim

The increasing spread of vector‐borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations.

Location

Global.

Time period

2002–2019.

Major taxa studied

Avian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows.

Methods

We analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests.

Results

Overall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected.

Main conclusions

Urbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows.
Amphibian traits database: A global database on morphological traits of amphibians
Authors: Huang Na , Sun Xinyuan , Song Yanfang , Yuan Zhiyong , Zhou Weiwei
Published: March 2023

Motivation

Amphibians are a diverse vertebrate group with more than 8,000 species, which is an important part of major terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Unfortunately, amphibians are experiencing a worldwide population decline. Trait information is important for understanding the causes of endangerment. Additionally, such information is essential for ecological and evolutionary studies using trait‐based approaches. However, such data are scarcer for amphibians than for any other terrestrial vertebrate groups. To fill this gap, we collected morphological traits of global amphibians available from the literature and compiled a database to facilitate future studies.

Main types of variables contained

Forty‐two morphological traits of Anura, 27 morphological traits of Caudata and 37 morphological traits of Gymnophiona.

Spatial location and grain

Global.

Major taxa

Amphibia.

Level of measurement

Species.

Software format

.csv.
The relationship between foreign direct investment and domestic entrepreneurship: The impact and scale of investments in China
Authors: Thompson Piers , Zang Wenyu
Published: March 2023

Both entrepreneurship and foreign direct investment (FDI) are frequently identified as being sources of local and regional economic growth. However, the relationship between the two is not always clear, with a negative competition effect and a positive demand effect potentially present. China provides an interesting case to study with its large state‐owned sector, combined with a recent history of successfully attracting considerable FDI. This study examines the relationship between self‐employment and different elements of foreign influence (FI) at a provincial level. The results imply that foreign investment reduces the level of self‐employment, whilst the number of foreign enterprises and foreign exports have positive effects. The results therefore show the importance in considering multiple perspectives in terms of FI. It appears that policies that attract individual large investments suppress the development of domestic enterprise as predicted by the competition effect, but where more foreign enterprises are present, and a cluster starts to develop, a demand effect appears to take over. This means that provincial government policy may need to be more nuanced to avoid economies being highly reliant on a limited number of what might be quite footloose larger foreign employers.
Frontal headache in a patient with right temporal epilepsy: A video‐EEG case report of ictal epileptic headache
Authors: Demarquay Geneviève , Sala Emilie , Adham Ahmed , Camdessanché Jean‐Philippe , Convers Philippe , Mazzola Laure
Published: March 2023

Background

Ictal epileptic headache (IEH) is caused by a focal epileptic seizure. The diagnosis can be challenging when the headache is isolated without any other symptoms.

Case Report

A 16‐year‐old girl presented with a 5‐year history of bilateral frontotemporal headaches with severe intensity lasting for 1–3 min. Past medical, physical, and developmental histories were unremarkable. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed right hippocampal sclerosis. The diagnosis of pure IEH was confirmed by video‐electroencephalographic monitoring. The onset and cessation of frontal headache correlated with a right temporal discharge. The patient was diagnosed with right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Two years later, her seizures increased despite antiseizure medications. A right anterior temporal lobectomy was performed. The patient remained seizure‐free and headache‐free for 10 years.

Conclusion

IEH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of brief and isolated headache, even if the headache is diffuse or contralateral to the epileptogenic focus.
Mechanisms of change in posttraumatic headache–related disability: A mediation model
Authors: Nabity Paul S. , Reed David E. , McGeary Cindy A. , Houle Timothy T. , Jaramillo Carlos A. , Resick Patricia A. , Eapen Blessen C. , Litz Brett T. , Mintz Jim , Penzien Donald B. , Keane Terence M. , Young‐McCaughan Stacey , Peterson Alan L. , McGeary Donald D. ,   for the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Published: March 2023

Objective

To explore whether the association between change in headache management self‐efficacy and posttraumatic headache–related disability is partially mediated by a change in anxiety symptom severity.

Background

Many cognitive–behavioral therapy treatments for headache emphasize stress management, which includes anxiety management strategies; however, little is currently known about mechanisms of change in posttraumatic headache–related disability. Increasing our understanding of mechanisms could lead to improvements in treatments for these debilitating headaches.

Methods

This study is a secondary analysis of veterans (N = 193) recruited to participate in a randomized clinical trial of cognitive–behavioral therapy, cognitive processing therapy, or treatment as usual for persistent posttraumatic headache. The direct relationship between headache management self‐efficacy and headache‐related disability, along with partial mediation through change in anxiety symptoms was tested.

Results

The mediated latent change direct, mediated, and total pathways were statistically significant. The path analysis supported a significant direct pathway between headache management self‐efficacy and headache‐related disability (b = −0.45, p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI: −0.58, −0.33]). The total effect of change of headache management self‐efficacy scores on change in Headache Impact Test‐6 scores was significant with a moderate‐to‐strong effect (b = −0.57, p = 0.001; 95% CI [−0.73, −0.41]). There was also an indirect effect through anxiety symptom severity change (b = −0.12, p = 0.003; 95% CI [−0.20, −0.04]).

Conclusions

In this study, most of the improvements in headache‐related disability were related to increased headache management self‐efficacy with mediation occurring through change in anxiety. This indicates that headache management self‐efficacy is a likely mechanism of change of posttraumatic headache–related disability with decreases in anxiety explaining part of the improvement in headache‐related disability.
Patient‐reported experiences with migraine‐related cognitive symptoms: Results of the MiCOAS qualitative study
Authors: Gerstein Maya T. , Wirth R. J. , Uzumcu Alyssa A. , Houts Carrie R. , McGinley James S. , Buse Dawn C. , McCarrier Kelly P. , Cooke Alexis , Touba Nancy M. , Nishida Tracy K. , Goadsby Peter J. , Dodick David W. , Lipton Richard B.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To capture patients' perspectives on migraine‐related cognitive symptoms during pre‐headache, headache, post‐headache, and interictal periods.

Background

Migraine‐related cognitive symptoms are reported by people with migraine both during and between attacks. Associated with disability, they are increasingly viewed as a priority target for treatment. The Migraine Clinical Outcome Assessment System (MiCOAS) project is focused on developing a patient‐centered core set of outcome measures for the evaluation of migraine treatments. The project focuses on incorporating the experience of people living with migraine and the outcomes most meaningful to them. This includes an examination of the presence and functional impact of migraine‐related cognitive symptoms and their perceived impact on quality of life and disability.

Methods

Forty individuals with self‐reported medically diagnosed migraine were recruited via iterative purposeful sampling for semi‐structured qualitative interviews conducted using audio‐only web conferencing. Thematic content analysis was performed to identify key concepts around migraine‐related cognitive symptoms. Recruitment continued until concept saturation was achieved.

Results

Participants described symptoms consistent with migraine‐related deficits in language/speech, sustained attention, executive function, and memory that manifest during pre‐headache (36/40 [90%] reported ≥1 cognitive feature), headache (35/40 [88%] reported ≥1 cognitive feature), post‐headache (27/40 [68%] reported ≥1 cognitive feature), and interictal periods (13/40 [33%] reported ≥1 cognitive feature). Among participants reporting cognitive symptoms during pre‐headache, 32/40 (81%) endorsed 2–5 cognitive symptoms. Findings were similar during the headache phase. Participants reported language/speech problems consistent with, for example, impairments in receptive language, expressive language, and articulation. Issues with sustained attention included fogginess, confusion/disorientation, and trouble with concentration/focus. Deficits in executive function included difficulty processing information and reduced capacity for planning and decision‐making. Memory issues were reported across all phases of the migraine attack.

Conclusions

This patient‐level qualitative study suggests that cognitive symptoms are common for persons with migraine, particularly in the pre‐headache and headache phases. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and ameliorating these cognitive problems.
A molecular simulation study on the sintering mechanism of TiO2
Authors: Yang Shipeng , Liu Lang , Liu Yu , Hong Ye
Published: March 2023

The sintering process of TiO2 nanoparticles with different particle sizes and temperatures was studied thoroughly using equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when two nanoparticles contact, the sintering process was initiated by the merge of surface atoms of nanoparticles, and the process subsequently drives the internal atom to merge until two particles being merged homogeneously. There is mutual attraction between atoms and the particles gain kinetic energy to migrate due to the heating at high temperatures, leading to a faster sintering reaction. Moreover, there is a large difference in the sintering speed between 1600 and 1800 K. In the vicinity of the melting point, a small change in temperature makes a great impact on the sintering rate of TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, by using the Lindemann index, it can be found that the larger particles have higher lattice structure stability compared to the smaller ones. The larger particle has a greater effect on the sintering behaviors when particles with different sizes’ contact. As a consequence, the sintering of two particles with different sizes is mainly initiated by the smaller particles moving toward the larger particle and is ended up with the atoms of smaller particle spreading around the larger particle. Therefore, the large nanoparticle size reduces the overall sintering rate.
Counter explanation and consider the opposite: Do corrective strategies reduce biased assimilation and attitude polarization in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Greitemeyer Tobias
Published: March 2023

People have conflicting opinions on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), from disagreements about the vaccine's effectiveness to competing claims about the need for restrictions. The present two studies (Ns = 262 and 250) examined whether COVID‐19 beliefs had a confirmatory impact on how belief‐relevant scientific research is evaluated and whether the use of corrective strategies (counter explanation and consider the opposite) reduces this bias. While biased assimilation (belief‐consistent studies were evaluated more positively than belief‐inconsistent studies) and perceived attitude polarization (participants reported that their beliefs became more extreme) effects were strong and consistent, evidence for overcoming these biases was mixed. Whereas considering the opposite had a corrective effect on biased assimilation and perceived attitude polarization, counter explanation depolarized actual attitude change.
Pretest Item Calibration in Computerized Multistage Adaptive Testing
Authors: Karatoprak Ersen Rabia , Lee Won‐Chan
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare calibration and linking methods for placing pretest item parameter estimates on the item pool scale in a 1‐3 computerized multistage adaptive testing design in terms of item parameter recovery. Two models were used: embedded‐section, in which pretest items were administered within a separate module, and embedded‐items, in which pretest items were distributed across operational modules. The calibration methods were separate calibration with linking (SC) and fixed calibration (FC) with three parallel approaches under each (FC‐1 and SC‐1; FC‐2 and SC‐2; and FC‐3 and SC‐3). The FC‐1 and SC‐1 used only operational items in the routing module to link pretest items. The FC‐2 and SC‐2 also used only operational items in the routing module for linking, but in addition, the operational items in second stage modules were freely estimated. The FC‐3 and SC‐3 used operational items in all modules to link pretest items. The third calibration approach (i.e., FC‐3 and SC‐3) yielded the best results. For all three approaches, SC outperformed FC in all study conditions which were module length, sample size and examinee distributions.
Towards a coherent flood forecasting framework for Canada: Local to global implications
Authors: Arnal Louise , Pietroniro Alain C. , Pomeroy John W. , Fortin Vincent , Casson David R. , Stadnyk Tricia A. , Rokaya Prabin , Durnford Dorothy , Friesenhan Evan , Clark Martyn P.
Published: March 2023

Operational flood forecasting in Canada is a provincial responsibility that is carried out by several entities across the country. However, the increasing costs and impacts of floods require better and nationally coordinated flood prediction systems. A more coherent flood forecasting framework for Canada can enable implementing advanced prediction capabilities across the different entities with responsibility for flood forecasting. Recently, the Canadian meteorological and hydrological services were tasked to develop a national flow guidance system. Alongside this initiative, the Global Water Futures program has been advancing cold regions process understanding, hydrological modeling, and forecasting. A community of practice was established for industry, academia, and decision‐makers to share viewpoints on hydrological challenges. Taken together, these initiatives are paving the way towards a national flood forecasting framework. In this article, forecasting challenges are identified (with a focus on cold regions), and recommendations are made to promote the creation of this framework. These include the need for cooperation, well‐defined governance, and better knowledge mobilization. Opportunities and challenges posed by the increasing data availability globally are also highlighted. Advances in each of these areas are positioning Canada as a major contributor to the international operational flood forecasting landscape. This article highlights a route towards the deployment of capacities across large geographical domains.
Applying Lessons Learned from the COVID‐19 Pandemic to Future Threats to the Perinatal Care System
Authors: Combellick Joan , Ibrahim Bridget Basile , Scharer Kirsten , Brickley Tess , Julien Tamika , Kennedy Holly Powell
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Health care systems will continue to face unpredictable challenges related to climate change. The COVID‐19 pandemic tested the ability of perinatal care systems to respond to extreme disruption. Many childbearing people in the United States opted out of the mainstream choice of hospital birth during the pandemic, leading to a 19.5% increase in community birth between 2019 and 2020. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences and priorities of childbearing people as they sought to preserve a safe and satisfying birth during the time of extreme health care disruption caused by the pandemic.

Methods

This exploratory qualitative study recruited participants from a sample of respondents to a national‐scope web‐based survey that explored experiences of pregnancy and birth during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Maximal variation sampling was used to invite survey respondents who had considered a variety of birth setting, perinatal care provider, and care model options to participate in individual interviews. A conventional content analysis approach was used with coding categories derived directly from the transcribed interviews.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 18 individuals. Results were reported around 4 domains: (1) respect and autonomy in decision‐making, (2) high‐quality care, (3) safety, and (4) risk assessment and informed choice. Respect and autonomy varied by birth setting and perinatal care provider type. Quality of care and safety were described in relational and physical terms. Childbearing people prioritized alignment with their personal philosophies toward birth as they weighed safety. Although levels of stress and fear were elevated, many felt empowered by the sudden opportunity to consider new options.

Discussion

Disaster preparedness and health system strengthening should address the importance childbearing people place on the relational aspects of care, need for options in decision‐making, timely and accurate information sharing, and opportunity for a range of safe and supported birth settings. Mechanisms are needed to build system‐level changes that respond to the self‐expressed needs and priorities of childbearing people.
Identification of distinct subpopulations of Gli1‐lineage cells in the mouse mandible
Authors: Zhang Nian , Barrell William B. , Liu Karen J.
Published: March 2023

The Hedgehog pathway gene Gli1 has been proposed to mark a subpopulation of skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in craniofacial bone. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are multi‐potent cells crucial for the development and homeostasis of bone. Recent studies on long bones have suggested that skeletal stem cells in endochondral or intramembranous ossification sites have different differentiation capacities. However, this has not been well‐defined in neural crest derived bones. Generally, the long bones are derived from mesoderm and follow an endochondral ossification model, while most of the cranial bones are neural crest (NC) in origin and follow an intramembranous ossification model. The mandible is unique: It is derived from the neural crest lineage but makes use of both modes of ossification. Early in fetal development, the mandibular body is generated by intramembranous ossification with subsequent endochondral ossification forming the condyle. The identities and properties for SSCs in these two sites remain unknown. Here, we use genetic lineage tracing in mouse to identify cells expressing the Hedgehog responsive gene Gli1, which is thought to mark the tissue resident SSCs. We track the Gli1+ cells, comparing cells within the perichondrium to those in the periosteum covering the mandibular body. In juvenile mice, these have distinct differentiation and proliferative potential. We also assess the presence of Sox10+ cells, thought to mark neural crest stem cells, but find no substantial population associated with the mandibular skeleton, suggesting that Sox10+ cells have limited contribution to maintaining postnatal mandibular bone. All together, our study indicates that the Gli1+ cells display distinct and limited differentiation capacity dependent on their regional associations.
Development and evaluation of a simple predictive model for falls in acute care setting
Authors: Satoh Masae , Miura Takeshi , Shimada Tomoko
Published: March 2023

Aims and Objectives

To develop a simple and reliable assessment tool for predicting falls in acute care settings.

Background

Falling injures patients, lengthens hospital stay and leads to the wastage of financial and medical resources. Although there are many potential predictors for falls, a simple and reliable assessment tool is practically necessary in acute care settings.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The current study was conducted for participants who were admitted to a teaching hospital in Japan. Fall risk was assessed by the modified Japanese Nursing Association Fall Risk Assessment Tool consisting of 50 variables. To create a more convenient model, variables were first limited to 26 variables and then selected by stepwise logistic regression analysis. Models were derived and validated by dividing the whole dataset into a 7:3 ratio. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve for the receiver‐operating characteristic curve were evaluated. This study was conducted according to the STROBE guideline.

Results

Six variables including age > 65 years, impaired extremities, muscle weakness, requiring mobility assistance, unstable gait and psychotropics were chosen in a stepwise selection. A model using these six variables with a cut‐off point of 2 with one point for each item, was developed. Sensitivity and specificity >70% and area under the curve >.78 were observed in the validation dataset.

Conclusions

We developed a simple and reliable six‐item model to predict patients at high risk of falling in acute care settings.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

The model has also been verified to perform well with non‐random partitioning by time and future research is expected to make it useful in acute care settings and clinical practice.

Patient or Public Contribution

Patients participated in the study on an opt‐out basis, contributing to the development of a simple predictive model for fall prevention during hospitalisation that can be shared with medical staff and patients in the future.
Bacterial leaf spot of Ilex paraguariensis caused by Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Maciel C. Gonzatto , Fior C. Sidnei , Cardoza Y. Franco , Visnovsky S. B. , Alves K. Reichelt , Duarte V. , Lazarotto M.
Published: March 2023

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) leaves and twigs are dried and used to make mate, a popular herbal tea in Southern Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. In February 2021, yerba mate leaves with water‐soaked spots, surrounded by chlorotic halos were observed in four nurseries at the Ilópolis and Arvorezinha counties, Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State, Brazil. Bacterial colonies were recovered from the symptomatic leaves. Based on morphological characteristics, LOPAT tests and the DNA sequence of four house‐keeping genes, the causal agent was identified as Pseudomonas syringae. To fulfil Koch's postulates, pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating leaves of yerba mate seedlings with a bacterial suspension obtained from one of the isolates, under laboratory conditions. Inoculated leaves developed small dark spots after 4 days post‐inoculation only in plants that were wounded prior to the inoculation, indicating that mechanical disruption of the plant tissue favoured bacterial penetration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first worldwide report of P. syringae causing bacterial leaf spots on yerba mate.
Dental opioid prescription patterns in academic and community settings
Authors: Oyler Douglas R. , Rojas‐Ramirez Marcia V. , Nakamura Aisaku , Quesinberry Dana , Miller Craig S.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Reports of interventions to improve dental opioid prescribing have come primarily from academic settings, but most opioid prescriptions are written by community dentists. This analysis compares prescription characteristics between these two groups to inform interventions to improve dental opioid prescribing in community settings.

Methods

State prescription drug monitoring program data from 2013 to 2020 were used to compare opioid prescriptions from dentists at academic institutions (PDAI) to prescriptions from dentists in non‐academic settings (PDNS). Linear regression was used to assess daily morphine milligram equivalents (MME), total MME, and days' supply, adjusting for year, age, sex, and rurality.

Results

Prescriptions from dentists at the academic institution accounted for less than 2% of over 2.3 million dental opioid prescriptions analyzed. Over 80% of prescriptions in both groups were written for <50 MME per day and for ≤3 days' supply. On average, in the adjusted models, prescriptions from the academic institution were written for about 75 additional MME per prescription and nearly a full day longer duration. Compared to adults, adolescents were the only age group who received both higher daily doses and longer days' supply.

Conclusions

Prescriptions from dentists at academic institutions accounted for small percentage of opioid prescriptions, but prescription characteristics were clinically comparable between groups. Interventional targets to reduce opioid prescribing in academic institutions could be applied to community settings.
The challenge of estimating kelp production in a turbid marine environment
Authors: Franke Kiara , Matthes Lisa C. , Graiff Angelika , Karsten Ulf , Bartsch Inka
Published: March 2023

Coastal kelp forests produce substantial marine carbon due to high annual net primary production (NPP) rates, but upscaling of NPP estimates over time and space remains difficult. We investigated the impact of variable underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and photosynthetic parameters on photosynthetic oxygen production of Laminaria hyperborea, the dominant NE‐Atlantic kelp species, throughout summer 2014. Collection depth of kelp had no effect on chlorophyll a content, pointing to a high photoacclimation potential of L. hyperborea towards incident light. However, chlorophyll a and photosynthesis versus irradiance parameters differed significantly along the blade gradient when normalized to fresh mass, potentially introducing large uncertainties in NPP upscaling to whole thalli. Therefore, we recommend a normalization to kelp tissue area, which is stable over the blade gradient. Continuous PAR measurements revealed a highly variable underwater light climate at our study site (Helgoland, North Sea) in summer 2014, reflected by PAR attenuation coefficients (Kd) between 0.28 and 0.87 m−1. Our data highlight the importance of continuous underwater light measurements or representative average values using a weighted Kd to account for large PAR variability in NPP calculations. Strong winds in August increased turbidity, resulting in a negative carbon balance at depths >3–4 m over several weeks, considerably impacting kelp productivity. Estimated daily summer NPP over all four depths was 1.48 ± 0.97 g C · m−2 seafloor · d−1 for the Helgolandic kelp forest, which is in the range of other kelp forests along European coastlines.
Modeling mediation in the dynamic assessment of listening ability from the cognitive diagnostic perspective
Authors: Meng Yaru , Fu Hua
Published: March 2023

The distinguishing feature of dynamic assessment (DA) is the dialectical integration of assessment and instruction. However, how to design the targeted instruction or mediation has been relatively underexplored. To address this gap, this study proposes the attribute‐based mediation model (AMM), an English‐as‐a‐foreign‐language listening mediation model based on item attributes (constructs) derived from cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA). CDA provides theoretical and methodological support for the accurate correspondence of items and attributes via Q‐matrix development and validation. The CDA‐identified attributes can inform the construction of targeted mediation models in DA, within which the mediation will serve as the subsequent remedial instruction. In this way, diagnosis and instruction were bridged through the integration of CDA and DA. The results of three one‐on‐one DA sessions showed that the AMM has the potential to diagnose learners’ listening ability at the attribute level and to stimulate microgenetic development. This study is significant in linking the psychometric‐based validity of a test and the DA‐based validity of development. It also provides insights into future mediation design and a possible way of merging DA and diagnostic language assessment.
Towards a new (or rearticulated) philosophy of mental health nursing: A dialogue‐on‐dialogue
Authors: Collier‐Sewell Freya , Melino Katerina
Published: March 2023

The following dialogue takes up recent calls within nursing scholarship to critically imagine alternative nursing futures through the relational process of call and response. Towards this end, the dialogue builds on letters which we, the authors, exchanged as part of the 25th International Nursing Philosophy Conference in 2022. In these letters, we asked of ourselves and each other: If we were to think about a new philosophy of mental health nursing, what are some of the critical questions that we would need to ask? What warrants exploration? In thinking through these questions, our letters facilitated a collaborative enquiry in which philosophy and theory were generative tools for thinking beyond what is and towards what is yet to come. In this paper, we expand the dialogue within these letters—in a ‘dialogue‐on‐dialogue’—and take up one thread of our discussion to argue that a new philosophy of mental health nursing must rethink the relationships between ‘practitioner’/‘self’ and ‘self’/‘other’ if it is to create a radically different future. Further, we posit solidarity and public love as possible alternatives to foregrounding the ‘work’ of mental health nursing. The possibilities we present here should be received as partial, contingent and unfinished. Indeed, our purpose in this paper is to provoke discussion and, in so doing, to model what we believe is a necessary shift towards criticality in our communities of nursing scholarship.
The Nexus between Public Debt and the Government Spending Multiplier: Fiscal Adjustments Matter*
Authors: Iwata Yasuharu , IIboshi Hirokuni
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the evolution of government spending multipliers in the post‐war USA using a time‐varying parameter VAR model. We achieve identification by imposing sign and zero restrictions on the systematic component of policy rules and impulse responses. Our results show that the US multipliers in the post‐OBRA93 period are smaller than those in the 1970s. The multipliers are found to be more strongly correlated with the estimated coefficients of the debt‐stabilizing rule than the debt‐to‐gross domestic product ratios. The increased magnitude of fiscal adjustments appears to be the major driving force behind the decline in multipliers rather than debt accumulation itself.
Early caffeine therapy on the prevention of severe hyperkalemia in preterm infants
Authors: Hayata Mari , Ichikawa Tomonori , Nishida Toshihiko , Sasaki Koji , Aoki Ryo , Minosaki Yoshihiro
Published: March 2023

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of caffeine therapy in preventing severe hyperkalemia in preterm infants.

Methods: We performed a single‐center, retrospective study of preterm infants of 25–29 weeks’ gestation admitted in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2019–August 2020. We divided the infants into two groups: the control group (January 2019–November 2019) and the early caffeine group (December 2019–August 2020).

Results: We identified 33 infants (early caffeine, 15; control, 18). Baseline potassium levels were 5.3 and 4.8 mEq/L, respectively (p = 0.274). Severe hyperkalemia (K > 6.5 mEq/L) was observed in 0 (0%) and 7 (39%) (p = 0.009), in the early caffeine group and control group. The linear mixed‐effect model confirmed the correlation between caffeine therapy and time from birth for the prediction of potassium levels (p < 0.001). While the potassium levels increased from baseline potassium levels at birth by 0.869 mEq/L at 12 h of birth, 0.884 mEq/L at 18 h of birth, and 0.641 mEq/L at 24 h of birth in the control group, the potassium levels were similar to the baseline levels at 12, 18, and 24 h of life in the early caffeine group. Among the clinical features, only early caffeine therapy was negatively associated with the incidence of hyperkalemia within 72 h of life.

Conclusion: Early caffeine therapy within a few hours of life effectively prevents the incidence of severe hyperkalemia within the first 72 h of life in preterm infants of 25–29 weeks’ gestation. Prophylactic early caffeine therapy can, therefore, be considered in high‐risk, preterm infants.
Key aspects of establishing research, knowledge, and innovation‐based hubs as part of the local innovation ecosystem
Authors: Haukipuro Lotta , Väinämö Satu , Virta Veera , Perälä‐Heape Maritta
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to increase the understanding of the principles of forming different types of hubs as spaces for collaborative R&D and innovation. This article offers valuable new knowledge regarding the establishment of hubs as part of the local innovation ecosystem. The paper will, through a qualitative multiple case study, shed light on the research issue of the establishment of hubs through an analysis of empirical data collected from three different types of hubs: a research hub, knowledge hub, and innovation hub. As a result, we introduce new building blocks of hubs to support managers and practitioners in forming collaborative hub structures.
Contrasting effects of species richness on soil pollutant removal in herbaceous plant communities: the importance of individual species
Authors: Huang Lin , Yao Si‐Mei , Jin Yu , Xue Wei , Lei Ning‐Fei , Chen Jin‐Song , Yu Fei‐Hai
Published: March 2023

Many studies have shown that increasing species diversity generally increases ecosystem functioning, but few have evaluated the role of species diversity in soil pollutant removal, especially for organic pollutants. We test the hypothesis that increasing plant diversity can enhance soil pollutant removal. To test the hypothesis, we conducted two experiments: one for removal of cadmium and the other for removal of cypermethrin from the soil. In both experiments, plants were grown in monocultures, four‐ and eight‐species mixtures in soils contaminated with the pollutants. Contaminated soils without plants were also included as controls. Our results showed that the efficiency of cadmium removal from the soil decreased with increasing plant species richness. The negative effect of diversity on cadmium removal was largely attributed to species underyielding in plant mixtures. In contrast, the efficiency of cypermethrin removal from soils increased with increasing plant species richness. The positive effect of diversity on cypermethrin removal was likely due to the presence of Taraxacum mongolicum which had the lowest biomass but the highest removal efficiency. Our results suggest that species diversity may regulate pollutant remediation, and this is pollutant‐dependent. Moreover, the performance of individual species can strongly influence the direction and magnitude of the diversity effect on soil pollutant removal. These species should be treated with cautious in the remediation of contaminated soils.
Learning to live with reintroduced species: beaver management groups are an adaptive process
Authors: Auster Roger E. , Puttock Alan K. , Barr Stewart W. , Brazier Richard E.
Published: March 2023

In anthropogenic landscapes, wildlife reintroductions are likely to result in interactions between people and reintroduced species. People living in the vicinity may have little familiarity with the reintroduced species or associated management, so will need to learn to live with the species in a new state of “Renewed Coexistence.” In England, Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) are being reintroduced and U.K. Government agencies are currently considering their national approach to reintroduction and management. Early indications are this will include requirement for “Beaver Management Groups” (BMGs) to engage with local stakeholders. This policy paper reports on qualitative research that captured lessons from the governance of two existing BMGs in Devon (south‐west England), drawing on both a prior study and new interview data. Through the analysis, we identified that BMGs are not a fixed structure, but an adaptive process. This consists of three stages (Formation, Functioning, and Future?), influenced by resource availability and national policy direction. We argue that, where they are used, Species‐specific Management Groups could provide a “front line” for the integration of reintroduced species into modern landscapes, but their role or remit could be scaled back over time and integrated into existing structures or partnerships to reduce pressure on limited resources, as knowledge of reintroduced species (such as beaver) grows and its presence becomes “normalized.” There must be sufficient flexibility in forthcoming policy to minimize constraint on the adaptive nature of BMGs and similar groups for other reintroduced species, if they are to facilitate a sustainable coexistence.
Local community representations of tropical peatlands and implications for restoration in Riau, Indonesia
Authors: Tan Zu Dienle , Sutikno Sigit , Carrasco L. Roman , Taylor David
Published: March 2023

Accounting for the myriad of ways that local communities relate to peatlands is increasingly recognized as a factor for long‐term restoration success. One way of doing so is through understanding how peatlands are represented by local communities using a social representation framework comprising perceived peatland benefits and functions, beliefs about their characteristics, perceived human‐peatland relationships, and appropriate management pathways. In turn, these representations influence individual interpretation of peatland restoration outcomes and, to a lesser degree, engagement with revegetation activities. We conducted 55 semi‐structured interviews with three communities living in and around peatlands in Bengkalis, Riau, Indonesia. We show that, among those interviewed, peatlands had various and divergent representations. Each representation reflected its own social–ecological relationship with, and valuation of, peatlands, and individual and shared experiences. For example, peatlands were primarily valued for their production purposes, but were also represented as degraded lands and areas important for climate change mitigation. The different representations were not mutually exclusive; on occasion, the same interviewee expressed several different representations. Moreover, some representations were shared among geographically dispersed participants, reflecting common experiences of peatland management. Overall, the results reaffirm the need to account for local representations of the environment in the management of tropical peatland, and notably in the setting of restoration goals.