bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 59: LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Teng Yong , Chen Fanghui , Lang Liwei , Li Yamin
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Targeting mitochondrial oncoproteins presents a new concept in developing effective cancer therapeutics. ATAD3A, a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme, represents a promising target for combating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but currently no drug is available to target it directly. CRISPR-Cas9 has been intensively used to modify cancer-associated genes. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system could deplete ATAD3A in HNSCC cells, but challenges remain as CRISPR editing components must be transported into cells to exert their function. There is a need to explore effective in vivo delivery systems to accelerate the clinical use of CRISPR-Cas9.

Methods: We developed and optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) to deliver Cas9 mRNA along with single guide RNA that targeted ATAD3A in the mouse tongue tumors. Molecular alterations were examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cancer cell growth was assessed by MTT, colony formation, soft agar, and 3D cultures. The therapeutic efficacy in tumor development was evaluated in orthotopic tongue tumor NSG mice.

Results: We developed CRISPR-based ATAD3A-targeting nanodrugs by loading Cas9 mRNA and anti-ATAD3A sgRNAs into LNPs. Treatment tongue tumors established in NSG mice with LNP-sgATAD3A remarkably repressed tumor growth and downregulated the mitochondrial ERK1/2 oncogenic signaling. As the ATAD3A-ERK1/2 signaling axis drives HNSCC development in a RAS-independent fashion, the addition of LNP-sgATAD3A to the RAS inhibitor salirasib potentiated anticancer activity for HNSCC compared with single arm treatment.

Conclusion: Our significant findings demonstrate a novel approach to inhibiting ATAD3A in tumors and provide a possible therapeutic strategy to enhance the success of multimodality therapy in cancer patients.

Citation Format: Yong Teng, Fanghui Chen, Liwei Lang, Yamin Li. LNP-CRISPR Gene Editing Enables in Vivo ATAD3A Depletion and Induces the Remission of Head and Neck Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 59.
Abstract 66: Oral Lesions Associated With Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents/Adults Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ogundana Oladunni , Uti Omolara , Sofola Oyinkansola , Adeyemo Wasiu
Published: June 2023

Purpose: To determine the oral lesions of smoking amongst adolescents and adults in Lagos State, Nigeria.

Methods: A multistage sampling method was used to select 3 Local Government areas from the three districts in Lagos state. Using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and oral examination data was collected from 2,486 participants. Questions included; duration and amount of cigarettes smoked. While the examination was done with the use of ORALID to identify lesions, and ‘Bedfont Pico smokerlyzer’ to validate smoking status. The chi-square test was used to test differences in proportions.

Results: Adolescents constituted 16.5% of the study population, and 58.4% of the total were males. The prevalence of current smokers was 9.2%, and of this 73.6% were daily smokers. There was a 2.6 times higher risk of halitosis (26.6% vs 10.4%), 7.7 times higher risk of smoker’s palate (15.3% vs 2.0%), and 8.6 times higher risk of melanosis (21.6% vs 2.5%) in current smokers compared to nonsmokers. A statistically significant association was noted between smoking status and the presence of oral lesions (P <0.0001). Abnormal oral finding was noted in 3.9% of the subjects, and this was significantly higher in current smokers (21.1%) than in nonsmokers (4.1%).

Conclusion: The occurrence of oral lesions was significantly higher in current smokers compared to nonsmokers. Appropriate tobacco cessation programs and prompt management of potentially malignant lesions are recommended measures to reduce the occurrence of oral cancers in cigarette smokers.

Citation Format: Oladunni Ogundana, Omolara Uti, Oyinkansola Sofola, Wasiu Adeyemo. Oral Lesions Associated With Tobacco Smoking in Adolescents/Adults Dwellers in Lagos, Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 66.
Abstract 68: Preparing for the Next Pandemic: An Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) Initiative
Authors: Ong Sok King , Gatellier Laureline , Matsuda Tomohiro
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The COVID-pandemic has shown significant impact on cancer care from early detection, management plan to clinical outcomes of cancer patients. The devastating effects of COVID-19 seen worldwide have underscored the need for better preparation of the next pandemic.

Methods: Based on the experiences and lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) has put together the 9 “Ps” as guidelines for cancer programs to better prepare for the next pandemic.

Results: The 9 “Ps” are Priority, Protocols and Processes, Patients, People, Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs), Pharmaceuticals, Places, Preparedness, and Politics.

Priority: to maintain cancer care as a key priority in the health system response even during a global infectious disease pandemic.

Protocols and processes: to develop a set of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and have relevant expertise to man the Disease Outbreak Response (DORS) Taskforce before an outbreak.

Patients: to prioritize patient safety in the event of an outbreak and the need to reschedule cancer management plan, supported by tele-consultation and use of artificial intelligence technology.

People: to have business continuity planning to support surge capacity.

PPEs and Pharmaceuticals: to develop plan for stockpiles management, build local manufacturing capacity and disseminate information on proper use and reduce wastage.

Places: to design and build cancer care facilities to cater for the need of triaging, infection control, isolation and segregation.

Preparedness: to invest early on manpower building and technology innovations through multisectoral and international collaborations.

Politics: to ensure leadership which bring trust, cohesion and solidarity for successful response to pandemic and mitigate negative impact on the healthcare system.

Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the lessons learnt, leverage on the silver linings arising from the crisis and re-examine our strategies, processes, and guidelines on cancer control from research and evidence related to the impact of COVID-19 on cancer prevention and control as well as the escalation in healthcare cost from delayed diagnosis of cancer and late stage cancer treatments are also urgently needed. This “9 Ps” guide put together by ANCCA aims to serve as a summary guide or reminders for cancer centres or programme to better prepare for the next pandemic.

Citation Format: Sok King Ong, Laureline Gatellier, Tomohiro Matsuda. Preparing for the Next Pandemic: An Asian National Cancer Centers Alliance (ANCCA) Initiative [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 68.
Abstract 71: Regional College Women in the United States (U.S.) Report Low Health Literacy Regarding Basic Genital Biology and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors
Authors: Ellington Joanna , Clifton Dennis , Fremlin Jenny , Stokes Erisa , Shuster Jessica
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Oncogenic genital diseases, triggered by genital dysbiosis and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, can be prevented by improved health literacy in women. However, uptake of preventative strategies such as the HPV vaccine, are low in some U.S. communities (<50%). This study evaluated health literacy (language framing for and understanding of) basic genital biology and cervical cancer risk factors in U.S. college women.

Methods: English-speaking undergraduates (n=36) at public (mostly Texas) and private (mostly California) institutions, self-directed to participate in individual, structured interviews via video or phone. Data transcripts were analyzed and scored for thematic responses to open-ended questions.

Results: Over 80% of women wanted to know more about genital biology (“what is normal”) and cancer prevention. Individual understanding of genital biology and cervical cancer risk factors was low (scoring range from 0 = know nothing to 5 = understanding a lot). Knowledge (mean +/- SD) about normal vaginal bacterial physiology, and cervical cancer risk factors, both scored very low at only 1 +/- 1. Over 2/3 of women lacked the words and/or agency to describe genital symptoms without stress to healthcare providers. About 1/3 of women had no ability to list any cervical cancer risk factors, with most in this group not recalling any prior genital health education.

Recurrent barriers to improved health literacy included: 1) belief that information lacked pertinence to them based on faith or culture, 2) inhibited care-seeking due to privacy issues (e.g. family insurance or campus clinics), 3) misinformation about genital biology or cancer causes, and 4) poor willingness or opportunity to discuss genital health with providers. The most requested change to genital healthcare was a desire for a biology curriculum taught from a functional perspective (for greater accessibility across faiths and cultures) with closer implementation to college and sexual debut.

Conclusions: Knowledge of genital biology and cervical cancer risks was low in this group of U.S. college women (mean score 1/5 for some aspects). Prevention of genital cancers requires a multi-pronged approach that addresses genital biology, while accepting varied social determinants of health and diverse domains of influence for women across the U.S.

Citation Format: Joanna Ellington, Dennis Clifton, Jenny Fremlin, Erisa Stokes, Jessica Shuster. Regional College Women in the United States (U.S.) Report Low Health Literacy Regarding Basic Genital Biology and Cervical Cancer Risk Factors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 71.
Abstract 73: Specific Activity of GSTs and Protein Expression of GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Masood Nosheen , Yasmin Azra
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Rising incidence of head and neck cancer have been observed in developing countries over last decade. It has been postulated that carcinogen detoxifying genes may be involved directly or indirectly in pathogenesis of head and neck cancer. Three genes (CYP1A1, GSTM1 and GSTP1) were studied for their association with head and neck cancer. Cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) is phase I enzyme while glutathione S transferases (GSTs) constitute the phase II detoxification enzymes. Abnormal protein expression of CYP1A1 and GSTs lead to cancer initiation.

Methods: The current case control study was designed to evaluate the possible associations of these enzymes with head and neck cancer. Serum GSTs activity was determined by using ELISA and CYP1A1, GSTT1, GSTP1 expression in tissue by immunohistochemistry with specific antibodies.

Results: Mean serum GSTs specific activity was 7.7 (+11.5)U/L and control was 11.4 (+7.5)U/L. Significant decrease (P<0.05) in GSTs specific activity was observed in head and neck cancer patients compared to controls (P<0.001). Moreover, CYP1A1 and GSTT1 was down expressed whereas GSTP1 was over expressed in head and neck cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal control tissue.

Conclusion: Conclusion: Decreased activity of GSTs, reduced expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, GSTT1 and increased expression of GSTP1 may contribute to head and neck cancer development in Pakistani population.

Citation Format: Nosheen Masood, Azra Yasmin. Specific Activity of GSTs and Protein Expression of GSTT1, GSTP1 and CYP1A1 in Head and Neck Cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 73.
Abstract 81: The Introduction of a High Risk HPV DNA Test for the Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mongolian Women
Authors: Bayarsaikan Enkhjargal
Published: June 2023

Purpose: A global strategy developed by the World Health Organization aims to reduce cervical cancer burden by screening 70% of women with high performance tests at least twice during their lifetime. While Mongolia has implemented a PAP test-based cervical cancer screening program over the past few decades, cervical cancer remains the leading cause of death in the country. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce high-risk HPV DNA detection tests in cervical cancer screening program.

Methods: Cervical screening was conducted in 6 districts of the UB and in 4 regional provinces between March 01 and July 01, 2019. A high risk HPV DNA test was conducted on all women using the careHPV test, and then all positive samples were double-tested using the PAP test. All positive women were followed by HPV genotyping test and colposcopy with direct biopsy or endocervical curettage as necessary.

Results: A total of 2725 women were screened for HPV DNA, with 8.5%(239) of these detecting high risk HPV DNA, and 61% (138) of positive results having a negative result for intraepithelial neoplasia as determined by PAP tests. It was determined that 10% of samples contained atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 4% contained atypical squamous cells of unknown significance, and cannot exclude high grade, 17% of the samples contained low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and 10% contained high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. A colposcopy examination was performed on 181 women who were high-risk HPV DNA positive. An abnormal colonoscopy result was observed in 18% of the women, for which biopsies were taken. A total of 31% of them were confirmed with CIN I, 31% with CIN II, 9% with CIN III, 11% with CIS, and 6% with SCC. Additionally, 105 high-risk HPV DNA-positive samples were genotyped for HPV. There were 25.7% of individuals who were found to have HPV genotype 16, 4.7% who were found to have HPV genotype 18, and 69.6% who were found to have other high-risk genotypes.

Conclusion: By incorporating high-risk HPV DNA tests into cervical cancer screening program, its coverage and effectiveness could be increased.

Citation Format: Enkhjargal Bayarsaikan. The Introduction of a High Risk HPV DNA Test for the Cervical Cancer Screening Among Mongolian Women [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 81.
Abstract 88: Transferring Cancer Research to Implementation: Key Enabling Factors in Caribbean Settings
Authors: Telesford Lindonne , Charles Shawn , Nixon Sonia , Gabriel Owen , Joseph Sherry-Ann , Noel Caroline , Macpherson Calum
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Research on cancer risk, epidemiology, and patient care in the Caribbean region is increasing. The need for cancer prevention education, cancer patient education, and patient social and psychological support are evident. Nonetheless, cancer education and patient support services are limited in both quantity and quality in several of the small island developing Caribbean states. These countries remain challenged to find responsive and cost-effective solutions to address the rising burden of the disease.

Methods: The Caribbean Cancer Portal (CCP) was created by the Windward Islands Research and Education Foundation (WINDREF), in collaboration with local and regional partners, following a pilot study to better understand challenges encountered in cancer service delivery for persons affected by the disease in one Caribbean country. Education and patient support emerged as prominent areas of demand. Challenges that ensued from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown were also reported and highlighted the immediate need for incorporating innovative approaches in cancer service delivery. The Portal caters to virtual interactions between a diverse community of users in live education sessions, discussion fora, local, regional and international directory services, education materials postings, and patient care information with the intended outcomes of enhanced knowledge, timely and informed decision-making, and receipt of additional support for cancer prevention and patient care.

Results: Processes that evolved in establishing the CCP highlight lessons of better practices around the following themes: diverse, inclusive, and strategic partnerships extending beyond local levels; leveraging and maximizing resources through existing public and private institutions and structures; developing need-focused interventions that address all faculties through which health and wellbeing is ensured; application of scientific principles and concepts in intervention designs; and feedback to inform implementation and scale up strategies that are expansive but also sustainable.

Conclusion: The lessons are transferrable across institutional and community-based initiatives, particularly in low- and middle-income country settings, to enhance sustainability, accessibility, and impact of cancer programs.

Citation Format: Lindonne Telesford, Shawn Charles, Sonia Nixon3, Owen Gabriel, Sherry-Ann Joseph, Caroline Noel, Calum Macpherson. Transferring Cancer Research to Implementation: Key Enabling Factors in Caribbean Settings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; Closing the Research-to-Implementation Gap; 2023 Apr 4-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023;32(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 88.
A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis of Hypothesized versus Observed Effect Sizes in Early Phase Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials
Authors: Eickhoff Jens , Zaborek Jen , Chen Guanhua , Sahasrabuddhe Vikrant V. , Ford Leslie G. , Szabo Eva , Kim KyungMann
Published: June 2023

Early phase cancer prevention trials are designed to demonstrate safety, tolerability, feasibility, and signals of efficacy of preventive agents. Yet it is often observed that many trials fail to detect intervention effects. We conducted a systematic review and pooled analyses of recently completed early phase chemoprevention trials to gain in depth insight on the failure of detecting efficacy signals by comparing hypothesized effect sizes to the corresponding observed effect sizes.

Single- or multi-arm efficacy chemoprevention trials conducted under the phase 0/I/II Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Program of the Division of Cancer Prevention, NCI between 2003 and 2019 were evaluated. A total of 59 chemoprevention trials were reviewed. Twenty-four studies were efficacy or biomarker trials with complete information on hypothesized and observed effect sizes and included in this analysis. The majority of the trials (n = 18) were multi-arm randomized studies of which 15 trials were blinded. The pooled estimate of the observed to hypothesized effect size ratio was 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.42–0.73, P < 0.001) based on a random-effects model. There were no significant differences detected in the ratio of observed to hypothesized effect sizes when conducting various subgroup analyses.

The results demonstrate that the majority of early phase cancer chemoprevention trials have substantially smaller observed effect sizes than hypothesized effect sizes. Sample size calculations for early phase chemoprevention trials need to balance the potential detectable effect sizes with realistic and cost-effective accrual of study populations, thereby, detecting only intervention effects large enough to justify subsequent large-scale confirmatory trials.

Prevention Relevance:

The results of this systematic review and pooled analyses demonstrate that for early chemoprevention trials, there are substantial differences between hypothesized and observed effect sizes, regardless of study characteristics. The conduct of early phase chemoprevention trial requires careful planning of study design, primary endpoint, and sample size determination.
Mitochondrial-Encoded Complex I Impairment Induces a Targetable Dependency on Aerobic Fermentation in Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid
Authors: Frank Anderson R. , Li Vicky , Shelton Spencer D. , Kim Jiwoong , Stott Gordon M. , Neckers Leonard M. , Xie Yang , Williams Noelle S. , Mishra Prashant , McFadden David G.
Published: June 2023

A metabolic hallmark of cancer identified by Warburg is the increased consumption of glucose and secretion of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. Although many tumors exhibit increased glycolytic activity, most forms of cancer rely on mitochondrial respiration for tumor growth. We report here that Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid (HTC) models harboring mitochondrial DNA-encoded defects in complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain exhibit impaired respiration and alterations in glucose metabolism. CRISPR–Cas9 pooled screening identified glycolytic enzymes as selectively essential in complex I–mutant HTC cells. We demonstrate in cultured cells and a patient-derived xenograft model that small-molecule inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenase selectively induce an ATP crisis and cell death in HTC. This work demonstrates that complex I loss exposes fermentation as a therapeutic target in HTC and has implications for other tumors bearing mutations that irreversibly damage mitochondrial respiration.

Significance:

HTC is enriched in somatic mtDNA mutations predicted to affect complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). We demonstrate that these mutations impair respiration and induce a therapeutically tractable reliance on aerobic fermentation for cell survival. This work provides a rationale for targeting fermentation in cancers harboring irreversible genetically encoded ETC defects.

See related article by Gopal et al., p. 1904.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1749
Оцінка стандартного лікування пацієнтів із хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом
Authors: Ремезюк І. Г. , Авдєєв О. В.
Published: June 2023

Резюме. У статті здійснено оцінку ефективності стандартного лікування пацієнтів із хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом. Після проведеного лікування за стандартною схемою їх повторно обстежували через 8 тижнів. У рамках дослідження використано індекс зубного нальоту (спрощений плак-тест оʼЛірі), індекс кровоточивості ВОР та заповнено пародонтальну карту. З’ясувано, що лікування хронічного генералізованого пародонтиту за стандартною схемою є ефективним способом покращення стану тканин пародонта та зменшення ризику подальшого розвитку захворювання
Мета дослідження – оцінити стандартне лікування у пацієнтів із хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом.
Матеріали і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 30 пацієнтів із хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом, в 15 з яких було діагностовано хронічний генералізований пародонтит І–ІІ ступенів, 15 – хронічний генералізований пародонтит ІІ–ІІІ ступенів [1], яким при первинному візиті було здійснено клінічне обстеження із визначенням індексу зубного нальоту (спрощений плак-тест оʼЛірі), індексу кровоточивості ВОР та заповнення пародонтальної карти, після чого провели лікування за стандартною схемою. Пов­торне обстеження пацієнтів проводили через 8 тижнів.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Під час первинного обстеження пацієнтів віком від 24 до 73 років кількістю 30 людей поділили на дві підгрупи: перша – особи з хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом І–ІІ ступенів віком 24–45 років, n=15; друга – пацієнти із хронічним генералізованим пародонтитом ІІ–ІІІ ступенів віком 45–73 роки, n=15. Середнє значення індексу зубного нальоту осіб першої підгрупи – 49,8 %, другої – 64,3 %. Серед пацієнтів першої підгрупи у середньому в 58,2 % глибина ясенної борозни була 1–3 мм, пародонтальних кишень глибиною 4–5 мм – 41,8 %, середнє значення кровоточивості при зондуванні ВОР до лікування – 40,1%. У пацієнтів другої підгрупи у середньому в 53,2 % осіб глибина ясенної борозни – 1–3 мм, пародонтальних кишень глибиною 4–5 мм – 36,6 %, кишень глибиною >6 мм – 10,3 %, середнє значення кровоточивості при зондуванні до лікування ВОР – 53,57 %. Після проведеного лікування у пацієнтів першої підгрупи середнє значення індексу зубного нальоту – 35,2 % , індексу кровоточивості ВОР – 15,9 %. У середньому в 81,2 % осіб глибина ясенної борозни була 1–3 мм, 18,9 % – пародонтальні кишені глибиною 4–5 мм. У пацієнтів другої підгрупи середнє значення індексу зубного нальоту – 53,1%, індексу кровоточивості ВОР – 36,93 %. У середньому в 66,5 % осіб глибина ясенної борозни була 1–3 мм, 29,1 % – пародонтальних кишень – глибиною 4–5 мм, кишень глибиною >6 мм – 4,4 %.
Висновки. Проведене лікування пацієнтів, які взяли участь у клінічному дослідженні, й у яких діагностовано хронічний генералізований пародонтит, згідно з стандартною схемою лікування дозволило покращити рівень індивідуальної гігієни, зменшити кровоточивість та глибину пародонтальних кишень.
Сучасні підходи до діагностики негативного впливу незнімного зубного протезування на тканини пародонта та його профілактики (огляд літератури)
Authors: Бєліков О. Б. , Рощук О. І. , Гавалешко В. П. , Караван Я. Р.
Published: June 2023

Резюме. У статті представлено науковий огляд літератури про об’єктивізацію впливу незнімних зубних протезів на тканини пародонта, особливо виготовлених із сплавів неблагородних металів.

Мета дослідження – проаналізувати дані наукових літературних джерел стосовно проблеми негативного впливу конструкційних матеріалів незнімних зубних протезів на тканини пародонта.

Матеріали і методи. Використано бібліосемантичний метод, щоби з’ясувати стан проблеми, проаналізувати результати попередніх наукових досліджень на основі джерел літератури та електронних ресурсів.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У літературі описано участь процесів пероксидного окиснення ліпідів та білків у патогенезі захворювань тканин пародонта у хворих із незнімними зубними протезами, а також заходи захисту тканин пародонта від негативного впливу незнімних металевих зубних протезів, зокрема антиоксидантну терапію. Подано варіанти раціонального зубного протезування пацієнтів із захворюваннями тканин пародонта і застосуванням біоінертних конструкційних матеріалів.

Висновки. Ортопедичне лікування пацієнтів із захворюваннями тканин пародонта необхідно проводити після провокаційних тестів, щоби вчасно виявити непереносимість металевих включень, або застосовувати сучасні безметалеві керамічні конструкції на основі діоксиду цирконію.
EDUCATIONAL NURSING TECHNOLOGIES’ EFFICACY IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF GASTROENTEROLOGICAL PROFILE PATIENTS
Authors: Prokopchuk O. V. , Fatakhova V. , Danchak S. V. , Hospodarskyi I. Ya. , Mazur L. P. , Danylevych Yu. O.
Published: June 2023

The article highlights the possibilities of improving the organization of providing preventive care to patients by implementing training programs aimed at preventing the development of complications and improving the quality of life of patients.
ХРОНІЧНА ХВОРОБА НИРОК: АКТУАЛЬНІСТЬ ПРОБЛЕМИ, ПРИЧИНИ І НАСЛІДКИ
Authors: Пасєчко Н. В. , Крамаренко Х. О. , Склярова О. О.
Published: June 2023

Хронічна хвороба нирок є світовою соціально-економічною проблемою, приблизно 6 % від загальної захворюваності становлять захворювання нирок. Кількість хворих із термінальною нирковою недостатністю постійно збільшується, водночас зростає потреба в замісній нирковій терапії. Гемодіаліз є одним з методів лікування прогресуючої ниркової недостатності, завдяки якому небажані продукти обміну та зайву рідину з крові видаляють за допомогою апарата «штучна нирка».
Підвищення безпеки операційних втручань у вагітних із первинним хронічним захворюванням вен в умовах гіпотензивного синдрому
Authors: Антонюк-Кисіль В. М. , Дзюбановський І. Я. , Єнікеєва В. М. , Лічнер С. І. , Липний В. М. , Дрозд В. В.
Published: June 2023

У статті наведено огляд сучасних міжнародних настанов та дані останніх джерел літератури як вітчизняних, так і закордонних авторів синдрому нижньої порожнистої вени у вагітних.

 Наведені короткі відомості з анатомії, патофізіології, діагностики, прогнозування та запобігання і безмедикаментозного лікування синдрому нижньої порожнистої вени у вагітних.

 Оцінено можливості передбачення в запобіганні синдрому нижньої порожнистої вени у вагітних у реальній клінічній практиці з врахуванням сучасних міжнародних настанов для підвищення позитивних результатів планового хірургічного втручання під місцевим знеболенням внаслідок первинного хронічного захворювання вен у вагітних у закладах охорони здоров’я України.
НАПРЯМИ ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ПЕДІАТРІЇ В ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Волосовець О. П. , Уліщенко В. В. , Грищенко Н. В. , Ковальчук О. Л. , Купкіна А. В. , Каруліна Ю. В. , Ємець О. В. , Хоменко В. Є. , Салтанова С. Д.
Published: June 2023

Анотація. Вимоги, зумовлені реформуванням системи медичної освіти у зв’язку зі вступом нашої країни до єдиного європейського і світового простору, і водночас умови війни та пандемії визначають підвищену потребу пошуку ефективних методів підготовки майбутніх фахівців. Дана робота присвячена аналізу результатів анонімного опитування студентів 6 курсу медичного факультету, спеціальність 222 «Медицина», які завершили дисципліну «Педіатрія» на кафедрі педіатрії № 2 Національного медичного університету імені О. О. Богомольця, щодо оцінки засвоєння дисципліни, форм і методів навчання. На думку студентів, змішана форма навчання є найбільш ефективною системою організації навчального процесу при вивченні педіатрії на сучасному етапі. Аналіз результатів анкетування виявив певні труднощі у студентів при вивченні окремих розділів педіатрії (кардіології, нефрології), опануванні надання екстреної допомоги дітям при деяких невідкладних станах, навичок маніпуляцій та інтерпретації результатів інструментальних методів дослідження. Серед ймовірних причин труднощів під час вивчення педіатрії переважна більшість студентів зазначила брак часу для вивчення теми, недостатній рівень засвоєння знань при вивченні попередніх дисциплін та недостатню кількість аудиторних занять. Найбільш ефективним методом навчання переважна більшість студентів вважає вирішення та обговорення клінічних кейсів. Водночас самостійне вирішення клінічних завдань є складним для значної кількості студентів. Збільшення застосування можливостей цифрових технологій у навчальному процесі, посилення інтегративних міждисциплінарних зв’язків та пререквізитів, надання можливості студентам додаткових тренінгів з опанування маніпуляцій є потужними інструментами підвищення ефективності засвоєння педіатрії.
ПЕРЕБІГ ВАГІТНОСТІ, ПОЛОГІВ, МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ТА ІМУНОГІСТОХІМІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПЛАЦЕНТИ У ВАГІТНИХ З КОРОНАВІРУСНОЮ ХВОРОБОЮ COVID-19
Authors: Дядик О. О. , Фастовець О. П.
Published: June 2023

Коронавірусна хвороба 2019 (COVID-19), спричинена важким гострим респіраторним синдромом коронавірусу 2 (SARS-CoV-2),стала причиною стрімкого збільшення кількості смертей і ускладнень у всьому світі. Незважаючи на широкі дослідження COVID-19 з моменту його появи, продовжує з'являтися широкий діапазон перинатальних наслідків цього захворювання. Враховуючи фізіологічні та імунні зміни матері під час вагітності, вагітні жінки можуть підлягати вищому ризику зараження SARS-CoV-2 і розвитку більш складних клінічних явищ.
Manter-se desperto na cidade-dormitório: São Gonçalo-RJ e a cristalização de representações
Authors: Nepomuceno Marco Lourenço
Published: June 2023

Entende-se que o conceito de cidade-dormitório, há muito presente nas discussões sobre São Gonçalo-RJ, provoca uma ausência: as várias possibilidades de ver e representar a cidade se ofuscam sob a onipresença desse conceito. Procuramos tratar das implicações da cristalização de certas representações que se conformam em torno dele. Entende-se que, quando deixa de ser mediação entre o vivido e o concebido, o conceito pode se cristalizar e bloquear o entendimento. Neste artigo, recuperamos alguns usos do conceito cidade-dormitório na Região Metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro confrontando-os com dados da realidade atual do município. Também discutimos implicações simbólicas e materiais devidas à cristalização dessas representações, acompanhadas de seu papel na produção do espaço da cidade. Como resultado de pesquisa, concluímos que é preciso fazer emergir um entendimento que ultrapasse a primazia do centro metropolitano; há que compreender as representações para deslindar seus nós, observá-las para ver além delas.
Repetitive Antigen Responses of LDL-Reactive CD4+ T Cells Induce Tr1 Cell–Mediated Immune Tolerance
Authors: Mailer Reiner K. , Konrath Sandra , Zhan Lydia , Thode Hanna , Beerens Manu , Frye Maike , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Renné Thomas , Hansson Göran K.
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND:

Inflammation triggered by the deposition of LDL (low-density lipoprotein) in the arterial wall leads to the development of atherosclerosis. Regulatory T (Treg) cells inhibit vascular inflammation through the induction of immune tolerance toward LDL-related antigens. However, tolerogenic mechanisms that promote the generation of LDL-specific Treg cells in vivo remain unclear.

METHODS:

We identified LDL-specific T cells by activation-induced marker expression and analyzed expression profiles and suppressive functions of TCR (T-cell antigen receptor)-transgenic T cells upon repetitive transfer into antigen-transgenic mice via flow cytometry.

RESULTS:

We investigated the naturally occurring Treg-cell response against human LDL in standard chow diet–fed mice that are transgenic for human ApoB100 (apolipoprotein B100). We found that IL (interleukin)-10 expression in LDL-specific T cells from spleen increases with age, albeit LDL-specific populations do not enlarge in older mice. To investigate the generation of IL-10–producing LDL-specific T cells, we transferred naive CD4+ T cells recognizing human ApoB100 from TCR-transgenic mice into human ApoB100-transgenic mice. Adoptive transfer of human ApoB100-specific T cells induced immune tolerance in recipient mice and effectively inhibited activation of subsequently transferred naive T cells of the same specificity in vivo. Moreover, repetitive transfers increased the population of Treg type 1 cells that suppress ApoB100-specific responses via IL-10. In a translational approach, LDL-specific Treg type 1 cells from blood of healthy donors suppressed the activation of monocytic THP-1 cells in an IL-10–dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONS:

We show that repetitive transfer of naive ApoB100-specific T cells and recurrent LDL-specific T-cell stimulation induces Treg type 1 cell–mediated immune tolerance against LDL in vivo. Our results provide insight into the generation of autoantigen-specific anti-inflammatory T cells under tolerogenic conditions.
Periprocedural Mortality in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights From the PROGRESS-CTO Registry
Authors: Simsek Bahadir , Rempakos Athanasios , Kostantinis Spyridon , Karacsonyi Judit , Gorgulu Sevket , Alaswad Khaldoon , Choi James W. , Jaffer Farouc A. , Doshi Darshan , Poommipanit Paul , Aygul Nazif , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Uretsky Barry , Davies Rhian , Goktekin Omer , ElGuindy Ahmed , Jefferson Brian K. , Patel Taral N. , Patel Mitul , Sheikh Abdul , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Potluri Srinivasa , Al-Azizi Karim , Mastrodemos Olga C. , Rangan Bavana V. , Allana Salman S. , Sandoval Yader , Burke M. Nicholas , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Death is a rare but devastating complication of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods:

We examined the clinical characteristics and procedural outcomes of patients who died periprocedurally in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of CTO Interventions (PROGRESS-CTO).

Results:

Of the 12 928 patients who underwent CTO percutaneous coronary intervention between 2012 and 2022, 52 (0.4%) died during the index hospitalization. Patients who died were more likely to have a history of heart failure (43% versus 28%;P=0.023). The J-CTO ([Multicenter CTO Registry of Japan]; 2.8±1.1 versus 2.4±1.3;P=0.019), PROGRESS-CTO mortality (2.6±0.9 versus 1.6±1.1;P<0.001), and PROGRESS-CTO pericardiocentesis (2.9±1.1 versus 1.9±1.3;P<0.001) scores were higher in patients who died. In these patients, the use of left ventricular assist devices was also higher (41% versus 3.5%;P<0.001), and retrograde crossing was more often the first crossing strategy (33% versus 13%;P<0.001). The cause of death was cardiac in 43 patients (83%) and noncardiac in 9 patients (17%). Complications leading to cardiac death were: tamponade in 30 patients (58%), acute myocardial infarction in 9 (17.3%), and cardiac arrest/shock in 4 (7.7%). Noncardiac causes of death were: stroke in 3 (5.8%), renal failure in 2 (3.8%), respiratory distress in 2 (3.8%), and hemorrhagic shock in 2 (3.8%).

Conclusions:

Approximately 0.4% of patients who underwent CTO percutaneous coronary intervention died during the index hospitalization. The main cause of death was tamponade in 58%. PROGRESS-CTO complication scores might help in risk stratification and procedural planning in patients undergoing CTO percutaneous coronary intervention.

Registration:

URL:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT02061436.
Definition of icteric interference index for six biochemical analytes
Authors: Cano-Corres Ruth , Sole-Enrech Gemma , Aparicio-Calvente Maria Isabel
Published: June 2023

IntroductionIcterus, if not detected, can affect the validity of results delivered by clinical laboratories, leading to erroneous results. This study aims to define bilirubin interference for some biochemical analytes and compare it with the manufacturer’s data.
Material and methodsSerum pools prepared with outpatients’ samples were spiked with increasing bilirubin concentration (Merck, reference14370, Darmstadt, Germany) up to 513 µmol/L in order to evaluate the bias for the following biochemical analytes: creatinine (CREA), creatine kinase (CK), cholesterol (CHOL), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and total protein (TP). For each analyte, six pools of different concentrations were prepared. Measurements were made employing Cobas 8000 analyser c702-502, Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany). This study employed a study procedure defined by the Spanish Society of Laboratory Medicine.
ResultsObtained bilirubin concentrations producing a negative interference were 103 µmol/L for CHOL, 205 µmol/L for TP and 410 µmol/L for CK, but only for CK values less than 100 U/L. Bilirubin concentrations lower than 513 µmol/L do not produce interference for HDL and GGT. Finally, for the studied bilirubin concentrations, there is no interference for CREA higher than 80 µmol/L.
ConclusionIcterus interferences have been defined for each analyte, observing differences compared to data provided by the manufacturer. The evidence indicates that each laboratory should evaluate icteric interferences to ensure the high quality of the delivered results, thus benefiting patient care.
Coffee intake one hour prior to phlebotomy produces no clinically significant changes in routine biochemical test results
Authors: Pennacchiotti Graciela L , Campion Amparo , Milano Pablo G , Benozzi Silvia F , Unger Gisela
Published: June 2023

IntroductionAlthough current guidelines recommend not drinking coffee prior to phlebotomy, our hypothesis is that drinking coffee does not affect the clinical interpretation of biochemical and haematological test results. Materials and methodsTwenty-seven volunteers were studied in basal state (T0) and 1h after (T1) drinking coffee. Routine haematological (Sysmex-XN1000 analyser) and biochemistry parameters (Vitros 4600 analyser) were studied. Results were compared using the Wilcoxon test (P < 0.05). A clinical change was considered when mean percent difference (MD%) was higher than the reference change value (RCV). ResultsCoffee intake produced statistically, but not clinically, significant: i) increases in haemoglobin (P = 0.009), mean cell haemoglobin concentration (P = 0.044), neutrophils (P = 0.001), albumin (P = 0.001), total protein (P = 0.000), cholesterol (P = 0.025), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.007), uric acid (P = 0.011), calcium (P = 0.001), potassium (P = 0.010), aspartate aminotransferase (P = 0.001), amylase (P = 0.026), and lactate dehydrogenase (P = 0.001), and ii) decreases in mean cell volume (P = 0.002), red cell distribution width (P = 0.001), eosinophils (P = 0.002), and lymphocytes (P = 0.001), creatinine (P = 0.001), total bilirubin (P = 0.012), phosphorus (P = 0.001), magnesium (P = 0.007), and chloride (P = 0.001). ConclusionDrinking a cup of coffee 1 hour prior to phlebotomy produces no clinically significant changes in routine biochemical and haematological test results.
Androgens in women: Establishing reference intervals for dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate and androstenedione on the Roche Cobas
Authors: Marijančević Domagoj , Goreta Sanja , Bokulić Adriana , Zec Ivana
Published: June 2023

IntroductionImmunoassays are the most common method in routine practice for measuring androgens in women. Study’s aim was to establish new population specific indirect reference intervals (RI) for dehydroepiandrostenedione sulphate (DHEAS) and for new androstenedione test available on automated Roche Cobas electrochemiluminescent immunoassay method.
Materials and methodsFrom extracted laboratory records, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin and follicle-stimulating hormone were used as reference tests to exclude possibly diseased women. After the data selection steps, the study included 3500 subjects for DHEAS and 520 for androstenedione aged 20-45 years. To evaluate the need for age partitioning, we calculated standard deviation ratio and bias ratio. For each hormone, 90% and 95% RIs were calculated with appropriate statistical method.
ResultsTotal age group (20-45 years) 95% RIs were: 2.77-11.50 µmol/L for DHEAS and 2.48-8.89 nmol/L for androstenedione. Age-stratified 95% RIs for DHEAS were: 3.65-12.76 µmol/L (20-25 years); 2.97-11.50 µmol/L (25-35 years) and 2.30-9.83 µmol/L (35-45 years). Age-stratified 95% RIs for androstenedione were: 3.02-9.43 nmol/L (20-30 years) and 2.23-7.75 nmol/L (30-45 years).
ConclusionNew RIs for DHEAS were slightly wider for age group 20-25 and 35-45, while the differences in the age group 25-35 years were more pronounced. Androstenedione RI showed significantly higher concentrations than the manufacturer’s. Age-related decrease of androgens should be considered when calculating RIs. We propose population specific, age-stratified RIs for DHEAS and androstenedione on electrochemiluminescent method, which should improve test interpretation in women of reproductive age.
Identifying Contemporary Civil Wars' Effects on Humanitarian
Needs, Responses & Outcomes
Authors: Shesterinina Anastasia
Published: June 2023

Contemporary civil wars are highly complex processes involving a myriad of nonstate, state, civilian, and external actors. These actors develop systems of relationships that evolve during conflict and affect humanitarian needs, responses, and outcomes. This is because humanitarian actors are not isolated from but are part of these social systems. Their activities are constituted by and are constitutive of the interactions between the internal and external actors engaged in civil wars. This essay advances an analytical framework for mapping systems of relationships between the actors at the center of contemporary civil wars to understand how the relationships established by humanitarians transform for reasons outside of their control. This framework highlights the contingency inherent in wartime humanitarian activities in general, and health care provision in particular, and the need for locally informed, adaptive humanitarian practices in changing conflict environments.
Different Electrophysiological Signatures of Similarity-induced and Stroop-like Interference in Language Production
Authors: Pinet Svetlana , Nozari Nazbanou
Published: June 2023

Contextual similarity between targets and competitors, whether semantic or phonological, often leads to behavioral interference in language production. It has been assumed that resolving such interference relies on control processes similar to those involved in tasks such as Stroop. This article tests this assumption by comparing the electrophysiological signatures of interference resulting from a contextual similarity versus a Stroop-like manipulation. In blocks containing two items, participants repeatedly named pictures that were semantically related, phonologically related, or unrelated (contextual similarity manipulation). In straight blocks, the pictures were named by their canonical names. In reverse blocks, participants had to reverse the names (Stroop-like manipulation). Both manipulations led to behavioral interference, but with different electrophysiological profiles. Whole-scalp stimulus-locked and response-locked analyses of semantic and phonological similarity pointed to a system with global modularity with some degree of cascading and interactivity, whereas the effect of phase reversal was sustained and of the opposite polarity. More strikingly, a representational similarity analysis showed a biphasic pattern for Stroop-like reversal, with earlier higher similarity scores for the reverse phase flipping into lower scores ~500 msec poststimulus onset. In contrast, contextual similarity induced higher similarity scores up to articulation. Finally, response-locked mediofrontal components indexing performance monitoring differed between manipulations. Correct response negativity's amplitude was lower in the phonological blocks, whereas a pre-correct response negativity component had higher amplitude in reverse versus straight blocks. These results argue against the involvement of Stroop-like control mechanisms in resolving interference from contextual similarity in language production.
A Dynamic Ordered Logit Model with Fixed Effects
Authors: Muris Chris , Raposo Pedro , Vandoros Sotiris
Published: June 2023

We study a fixed-T panel data logit model for ordered outcomes that accommodates fixed effects and state dependence. We provide identification results for the autoregressive parameter, regression coefficients, and the threshold parameters in this model. Our results require only four observations on the outcome variable. We provide conditions under which a composite conditional maximum likelihood estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal. We use our estimator to explore the determinants of self-reported health in a panel of European countries over the period 2003–2016 and find evidence for state dependence in self-reported health.
The Health Effects of Downsizing Survival
Authors: Ahammer Alexander , Grübl Dominik , Winter-Ebmer Rudolf
Published: June 2023

We show that downsizing has substantial negative effects on the health of workers who remain in the firm. We study mass layoff (ML) survivors in Austria, using workers who survive a ML themselves, but a few years in the future, as a control group. Based on high-quality administrative data, we find evidence that downsizing has persistent effects on mental and physical health, and that these effects can be explained by workers fearing for their own jobs. We also show that health effects due to downsizing imply non-negligible costs for firms.