bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Returns: A Case Study from Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: HAMZA KHWAJA  , NIDA JAMAL  , SAQIB SHAHZAD
Published: December 2021

The main theme behind this research is to find out how different macroeconomic variables affect the returns of the Karachi stock exchange. The three variables like interest rate, inflation rate and exchange rate which are taken under consideration are the back bone of any economy and this impact the economy in different ways if some sort of fluctuations occurs in these variables. Fifteen years annul data from 1992 to 2007 is taken and multiple regression models applied on this data. The results are very significant and the strong correlation is found among dependent and independent variables which shows that the model is a strong model. The impact of interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate are significant on the stock returns of KSE 100 index
The Impact of Managerial Ownership on the Cash Holdings in the Cement Sector of Pakistan
Authors: MUHAMMAD SOHAIL KHALIL  , MUHAMMAD AAMIR NADEEM  , MUHAMMAD AAMIR NADEEM  , SAQIB SHAHZAD
Published: December 2021

The study aims to investigate the impact of managerial ownership on the cash holdings in cement sector of Pakistan. For the purpose 15 Companies were selected from the sector as the rest were delisted from Pakistan stock exchange. The independent variables such as managerial ownership, institutional ownership and annual profit and leverage ratios were tested against the dependent variable cash holdings for the period of 09 years. Panel data was taken i.e. from 2007 to 2015 from business recorder and respective websites of the companies. Multiple regression model was used to determine the relationship between the variables further ANOVA test was also used to check overall association of independent variables on cash holding yielding positive and significant results.
Measuring the Effectiveness and Validity of Employees Annual Confidential Report (ACR) and Its Applicability: A Case Study of Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan
Authors: IHTESHAM KHAN  , DR. ADNAN AHMAD  , DR.SHAHID JAN
Published: December 2021

ACR system is being used as a performance management and evaluation tool in AWKUM for the last five years since its inception as a Public sector university in KPK, Pakistan. The main purpose of this study is to find out that whether ACR system do fulfill the requirement of an effective and efficient Performance evaluation and management tool. What employees think of this system? As any excellent performance management system plays a very vital role in the success of any organization.
The Relationship of Deposits with Profit Rates and Advances with Mark-up Rates in Pakistan
Authors: DR. SAID SHAH  , SAFDAR HUSAIN TAHIR
Published: December 2021

This article is regarding banking industry of Pakistan. The paper examines the extent to which deposits and advances are dependent on profit and mark up rates respectively. The required data on all the public sector banks and two private banks for six years (1999- 2004) were obtained and analyzed using regression analysis. The results show that the relationship is quite strong in case of saving and current deposits. It has further been concluded on the basis of this analysis that there is a strong Correlation between advances and mark up rates.
Corporate Governance Factors Drive Firms’ Earning Per Share: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange Listed Companies
Authors: YASIR KHAN  , MUHAMMAD AMJAD  , DR.SAIMA BATOOL  , OBAID ULLAH BASHIR
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to examine the corporate governance factors that drive the firms’ earning per share (EPS) sample of firms listed on Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) over the period of 2011 to 2016. This paper analyzed the impact and relationship of dependent variable (Earning per Share) and independent variables (Board Independence, Ownership concentration, CEO duality and Board diversity). The panel data collected from the sample of top 20 companies (market capitalizations) listed in Pakistan stock exchange. To investigate the relationship between variables the Pearson correlation and regression applied and to identify the impact of independent variables (board independence, ownership concentration, CEO duality and Board diversity) on dependent variable (earning per share) used regression tool. The study result of correlations and regression result revealed that board independence, ownership concentration and Board diversity have significant impact on performance while CEO Duality has negative impact on Firm financial performance.
Impact of Interest Rate on Stock Prices Volatility: A Case of Textile Sector of Karachi Stock Exchange
Authors: MUHAMMAD SOHAIL KHALIL  , MUHAMMAD AAMIR NADEEM  , MUHAMMAD TAHIR KHAN
Published: December 2021

This study investigates the relationship between interest rate and stock price volatility in textile sector of Karachi Stock Exchange. Initially, EWMA model is used to calculate the volatility of stock prices. Stock returns are calculated as a proxy to stock prices. Afterwards, linear regression analyzes the relation between interest rate and stock price volatility. The significance F change is below the limit of 0.05 showing goodness-to-fit of the model to project the responses from predictor to be reliable. The research concludes the relationship of interest rate with volatility of stock prices as slightly inverse in nature.
Risk Management and Performance of Conventional Banks in Pakistan
Authors: ALAM REHMAN  , YASIR KHAN  , ARIF HUSSAIN
Published: December 2021

The study examines the relationship between risk management and performance of conventional banks in Pakistan. The study has been conducted using Capital adequacy ratio, non-performing loan ratio, Cost per loan ratio, Cash reserve ratio and Z-scoring ratio as the proxies of risk management and Return on asset has been used as the proxy of the bank financial performance. The study has used random sampling technique for the 20 conventional banks for the period 2010 to 2016. The study uses correlation and simple OLS to test the hypothesis. The results reveal that capital adequacy ratio and Z-scoring have positive significant impact on the conventional banks, financial performance, where as Non-performing ratio, cost per loan ratio and cash reserve ratio predicting negative affect on the financial performance of the conventional banks in Pakistan. The study has practical as well as theoretical implications. The results are expected to help policy makers to rehash their policies by encompassing the approaches that facilitate the risk management of banks in Pakistan. The study will also help researchers in strengthening their level of understanding of these relationships. Replication of the study may help to validate the hypothesized model and their consequent application in the organizations that share somewhat similar organizational structures.
Impact of Training on Employees Performance and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study of Plastic Industry of Hayatabad Industrial Estate
Authors: KHALIQ RAZA  , DR. FAHAD KHAN AFRIDI  , SYED IMRAN KHAN
Published: December 2021

In today era of knowledge economy where organizations excel due to its human capital in order to provide quality product and service. The human capital can only be effective if organizations provide effective trainings to its employees regularly and need basis. Such training leads to not only over all organization’s development but it affects the job satisfaction and performance of employees. The research purposes are to know about the title of the research which is conducted about Plastic Industry of Hayatabad, District Peshawar. A total of 184 middle and lower managers were selected for the study through proportionate stratification sampling technique. Five point Likert scales, adopted and used by several researchers, were utilized for the research study. The results of study found that employee’s training has a major significant impact on employee performance and job satisfaction. The results also revealed that training has a positive correlation among the two variables. The research study recommended several recommendations such as provision of on the job and of the job trainings through systematic training program, establishment of a training center, linking trainings with the strategic plan of the firms.
The Conundrum of Oil Prices, Stock Returns and Exchange Rate
Authors: ASAD KHAN  , ABDUL QADIR SHAH  , ZIA UR REHMAN  , MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM KHAN
Published: December 2021

This study imperially investigated the impact of oil prices and exchange rate on stock returns over the period of demand driven oil shock from 2001 to 2008 and supply driven oil shock from 2009 to 2016. To further explore the variation due to frequency of data, the study used daily, weekly and monthly data. The data was analyzed by applying Johansen Cointegration test, Vector error correction model, Granger causality test and Impulse response function. The Johansen Cointegration and vector error correction models confirm the long run relationship between oil prices and stock returns in all six samples. In short run, oil prices and exchange rate are not associated with the changes in stock returns. However, during demand driven oil price shocks, results confirm bidirectional relationship between oil prices and stock return.
Organizational Justice: The Way it Works
Authors: JUNAID ATHAR KHAN  , DR. SHAHID JAN
Published: December 2021

Organizational justice has the potential to work in order to extract benefits for organizations and employees alike. If it implemented in full spirit will eventually improve commitment level improved job performance, more helpful citizenship behaviors, improved customer satisfaction, and diminished conflict. We demonstrate the management of organizational justice with some suggestions for building fairness into widely used managerial activities. These include hiring, performance appraisal, reward systems, conflict management, and downsizing.
Exploring the Impact of Retention Strategies on job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Commercial Banks of Khyber Pakhtunkha, Pakistan
Authors: YASIR KHAN  , MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ GUL  , MUKHARIF SHAH
Published: December 2021

This research has been conducted at knowing the effects of retention strategies on job satisfaction and employees commitment. This research was conducted employees of this sector switching more often to other banks , as this sector is very volatile and all banks prefer to use most effective retention strategies in better dealing, satisfying and committing employees. This research will really help the top level management in knowing the efficacy of its retention strategies worth. The data was collected through questionnaires used by other researchers for their studies before. The scale used has been mentioned in in the construct of this study. This research used job satisfaction and commitment as dependent variable and the retention strategies as independent variable. Reliability analysis conducted for the purpose of the reliability of the data.Thus the research achieved both of the hypotheses that the retention strategies have positively effectjob satisfaction and organizational commitment of employees.
Effect of Psychological Capital and Emotional Intelligence on Employee’s Job Performance
Authors: IMRAN SAEED  , SAIF ULLAH KHAN  , GHAYYUR QADIR  , QANDEEL KHATTAK
Published: December 2021

Employee’s job performance is considered to be very key variable effecting organizational performance. In today’s hypercompetitive world global economy business need to try identifying the factors that has effect on employee’s performance, and psychological capital and emotional intelligence are amongst them. Consequently the main aim of the study was to find out the relationship of psychological capital and emotional intelligence on employee’s job performance in Public sector Universities of Peshawar. In order to obtain the required objectives, a sample of 170 respondents was selected randomly through proportional allocation method. Well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. For checking the reliability of data, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used. The results quantified that the collected data is reliable as coefficient of Cronbach’s alpha is greater than 0.70 for psychological capital and emotional intelligence. For employee performance the reliability measures was less than 70%.MAS were greater than 3 for most of studied attributes showing that employees are in favor of effect of psychological capital and emotional intelligence on employee’s performance. The results of Chi-square showed a significant (P < 0.05) association between psychological capital and employee performance and also emotional intelligence and employee performance. Grounded on the results, it is determined that psychological capital and emotional intelligence are significantly associated with employee’s performance.
Quantifying the level of Emotional intelligence and Self Efficacy
Authors: MUHAMMAD TUFAIL  , MUHAMMAD BILAL  , MUHAMMAD HAROON UR RASHID  , DR. AAMIR ISHAQUE
Published: December 2021

Considering the increasing no of universities, the present study was carried out to quantify the level of emotional intelligence and self efficacy. Data was collected via well-established questionnaire from 96 faculty members of both Public and private sector universities located in Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa. Results indicate the difference of emotional intelligence and self efficacy in both the sector.
Cost Leadership Strategy and Financial Performance: Empirical Evidence from Textile Sector Listed Companies of Pakistan
Authors: MUHAMMAD ILYAS  , IHTESHAM KHAN  , MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN
Published: December 2021

Organizations concentrate to maximize their value. Therefore, their management are interested in their financial performance. However, management is also interested in minimization of the operational cost. This study examines the cost leadership strategy (CLS) and financial performance in a sample of 132 textile sector firms listed on the Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) during 2008-2016. For analyses used panel data random effect model and the results demonstrate that CLS significantly and positively affect the financial performance of textile sector listed firms of Pakistan. Moreover, control variables such as leverage and dividend payout ratio are significantly affect organizational performance. Finally reveals that study supports the theoretical association of return on assets with independent and control variables. Hence, recommended to follow the CLS to reduce operational costs further and to perform efficiently in the competitive market.
Investment Behavior and Trade Returns of Individual Investor: Mediating Role if Financial Literacy
Authors: ZAIN ULLAH  , DR. SHAMS UR RAHMAN  , SOHAIL KHALIL
Published: December 2021

The main objective of current study was to analyze the impact of representativeness and anchoring on the trade returns of individual investors with the mediating role of financial literacy. In this connection hypotheses were developed on the basis of behavioral finance literature. The data was collected on 5-point likert scale questionnaires which were adopted from various authors. The collected data was checked for reliability and correlation analysis and regression models were run. On the basis of results obtained from analysis the four hypotheses which were developed have been accepted. It was concluded that representativeness and anchoring has significant positive impact while the financial literacy has mediating impact on the trade returns of investors. It is recommended that more the financial literacy less risk of behavioral biases impact on investment thus investors should gain financial literacy for taking rational investment decision and good trade returns.
he Impact of Technology upon Formal Communication: Texting Impacting the Standard English
Authors: NAZIA SULEMAN  , UZMA SADIQ  , SAFIA SIDDIQUI
Published: December 2021

With the invention of mobile phones text messaging has become a popular medium of communication. Its users are multiplying with every passing day. Its use is not only limited to informal but to formal communication as well. Students are the advent users of mobile phones and of SMS as well. The present study manifests the fact that students are practicing SMS for a number of reasons and a good amount of time is spent upon it which is resulting in typographical features, graphones and rebus writing. Data is collected through questionnaires and came to the conclusion that its effect is obvious in the L2 users in general and examinations in particular.
The Impact of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment on Turnover in the Employees of Allied Bank Peshawar Region
Authors: JUNAID ATHAR KHAN  , SAIMA AFSHEEN  , DR. SHAHID JAN  , MUHAMMAD TARIQ
Published: December 2021

The study is aimed to investigate the impact of organizational justice over the organizational commitment and turnover intention perceived by the employees regarding their jobs in the Allied Bank of Peshawar region. A total of 180 employees selected from different hierarchical levels of Bank responded to the questionnaires used for the evaluation of this study. The collected data is analysed with the help of the SPSS 22.0 version, which provided the descriptive statistical analysis that further reveal means of employee’s Organizational Justice with two dimension Distributive Justice and Procedural Justice of organizational commitment and turnover, i.e. reported as close to 3.0. Reliability of the study is considered as adequate because the Cronbach Alpha values were reported considerably above than the predetermined threshold of 0.70 for all the four variables of the study. Multiple regression analysis, factor analysis were also conducted to test the hypotheses of the study and as a result, it was evaluated that the two dimensions of the organizational justice, i.e. distributive and procedural have significant positive impact over the employee’s job commitment and reduction in turnover of employees to other banks or other organizations. The study will help the decision makers and especially the HR executives in obtaining some better understanding of the relationship of two variables with organizational justice, so that they can formulate certain suitable strategies for the employees and organization as a whole, which in turns lead to higher level of satisfaction among employees and improve their performance as a whole. A number of limitations of this study and recommendations for the future researchers are also discussed at the end of the study.
Risk Tolerance Profile of Business Students in Pakistan
Authors: DR. NAVEED HUSSAIN SHAH  , DR. QAISER AMAN  , DR. MOHAMMAD ASAD KHAN
Published: December 2021

The study on the relationship between demographic variables and risk tolerance among business graduates in Pakistan. The correlation and regression analysis on a sample of 382 business students exhibit the following results. Empirical result of the correlation matrix are showing a positive significant correlation between risk tolerance gender, annual savings, age, experience and annual income and location except occupation which shows significant but negative correlation. Regression analysis depicts significant relationship between Risk tolerance Gender, Savings and Location shown by the t-values 2.037, 2.886, 58 and p –values .042, 0.004, and 0.000 respectively. However an insignificance relationship was found between Risk Tolerance Age, Education, Experience, Income and Occupation exhibited by their t-values -1.290, .638, -.035, - 1.886, all less than 2 and p-values above 0.05 respectively.
Color Psychology in Marketing
Authors: DR.SAJID REHMAN KHATTAK  , HAIDER ALI  , YASIR KHAN  , MUKHARIF SHAH
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this research was to review the psychology of colors in marketing. People make their minds about product or people within 90 seconds. About 62 to 90 % of a product or people assessment is based on colors alone. Thus, a color is not only using to differentiate your product from your competitors, but it also affects the moods and feelings of the individual buyers, thus colors make attitude towards a certain product. Human feelings and moods are changeable overtime; thus, every marketing managers should know the importance of colors and make their products or packaging accordingly. This study evaluates the literature linking to color psychology. The study found that colors play an important role in marketing. Managers should give immense attention to their brands and products colors in order to attract a large number of customers. Limitations and future research agenda are presented.
Investigating the Impact of External Debt on Economic Growth: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: IRUM SAJJAD  , IRUM SAJJAD  , DR. MUHAMMAD AZAM KHAN
Published: December 2021

This article is an attempt to evaluate the effect of external debt on economic growth for during the period of 1980–2016. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test is used for determining stationarity, whereas the ADF test results exhibit that the variables used found are . The empirical results indicate that external debt and total debt service have deleterious and statistically significant impacts on GDP growth rate. The other explanatory variables namely human capital by life expectancy, exports, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)reveals significantly positive significant influence on GDP growth rate. Appropriate policy should be adopted by the policy makers to reduce external debt, increase volume of exports and enhance more foreign investment, it will boost economic growth in the country.
Impact of Firm Characteristics on IPO’s Short Run Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: KAMRAN FAROOQ  , SAEED AKBAR  , KIRAN ALIM  , SOURATH
Published: December 2021

In present day world, the concept of initial public offering (IPO's) has got much significance since its execution altogether influence the success of the companies. The current study aims at conducting a nonsystematic review of literatures on the concept of short runs performance of initial public offering in Pakistan. In this regard, we studied the IPO’s of 77 companies listed at Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) from the period of 2000-2015. The finding shows a positive and significance relationship between size of the firm and underwriter reputation while the age of the firm and risk shows negative relationship with the dependent variable MAAR. The performance of initial public offerings has significant effect on success or failure of a company. In this way, the companies in modern corporate world can ensure their success through effective utilization of initial public offerings.
Levels of Academic Leaders’ Emotional Intelligence, Team Emotional Climate & Team Member Job Satisfaction
Authors: MUHAMMAD ADNAN REHMAN  , MUHAMMAD NAUMAN HABIB  , SHAHZAD KHAN
Published: December 2021

The study intended to examine leaders’ emotional intelligence, emotional work climate and job satisfaction among several teams of higher educational institutes. A few studies have examined the effects of these variables but seldom studies existed which examined the level of these variables. The aim of this study was to find out the difference between the true mean and the comparison value. Questionnaire survey of 30 team leaders and 120 team members was conducted. The paper applied one sample t-test using the SPSS 20 software to test the hypothesis. The study found out that there is a slight difference between the true mean and the comparison value. Although the difference is statistically significant but not large enough to be practically significant. Therefore, the subjects recruited were treated as normal.
Assessing the Influence of Selected Human Capital Management Factors on the Organizational Performance of Higher Education Sector in Afghanistan
Authors: MOHAMMAD QASIM AYAZ  , ABDUL QAHAR  , DR. RAZA ULLAH  , DR. MUSTAFA AFEEF
Published: December 2021

Human resources are found to be one of the most fundamental contributors in the success of any organization. In the context of the education sector, the importance to be attributed to the potential human capital and its management is ever-increasing. The main purpose of the study is to establish the influence of human capital management on performance of an organization, particularly within the education sector of Afghanistan. For this purpose, 20 universities were selected, amongst which 10 universities were private and the rest 10 were government institutions. The study used questionnaire method to collect the required data from selected public and private universities in Afghanistan. Three hundred employees were sampled from various higher education institutions of the country, both public and private and the data were analyzed through SPSS 16 version. The findings of the study depict a strong positive relationship between human capital management and organizational performance.
The Effect of Hostile Environment and Harassment on Employees' Turnover Intentions, Absenteeism and Employees' Performance: A Case Study of Tertiary Hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: WAQAS AHMAD  , HAJI MUHAMMAD ZUBAIR  , SAYYAM
Published: December 2021

The hostile environment and harassment in the workplace are a major problem in hospitals and have enormous negative consequences. The motive for this study is to look at the impacts of the hostile environment and, particularly, workplace harassment on performance, absenteeism and employee turnover intentions. The target population of the study was employees who worked in different KPK hospitals. The non-random snowball techniqueused to gather information from 255 respondents utilizing the questionnaire. The findings of this study show a clear picture about the relationships between study variables that the hostile environment and harassment in the workplace has a positive impact on employee turnover, absenteeism and negative impact on the performance of employees. Employees who work in hospitals need a safe and healthy environment for their commitment to duties and responsibilities. The numbers, facts and findings of this study prove that if hospitals do not provide a safe and healthy environment for employees, there must be negative consequences on the attitude or level of performance. As employees’ working in hospitals directly related to patients, if they are harassed and tense and environment is not supporting them that would leads to the general failure of hospitals.Hospital management must take serious action on such a hostile environment and whatever the circumstances, they must provide the safe and healthy environment for their employees as their basic requirement to work more positively and effectively.
Impact of Demographic Factors on Consumer’s Purchasing Decision: A Study on the University Students of Peshawar Region
Authors: IHSAN ULLAH  , SALEEM ULLAH KHAN  , MUHAMMAD IDREES
Published: December 2021

This research report is based on the factors affecting the purchasing decision of the students (consumers) of various public and private sector universities in Peshawar (Pakistan). The main objective of this study was to find out the impact of demographic factors such as gender, age and income on consumers purchasing decision. In this study the population was students of various private and public sector universities of Peshawar region. A sample of 250 students was drawn from population through proportionate random sampling technique. A questionnaire was designed and personally distributed among the subjects of sample. Independent samples T-test and ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings lead to the conclusion that there is no significant relationship between consumers’ gender and age with purchasing decision while income of consumers significantly affects their purchasing decision.
Impact of Micro Finance Institutes (MFI’s) on the Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: SYED UZAIR  , DR. FAHAD KHAN AFRIDI  , DR. MUHAMMAD ADIL
Published: December 2021

Economic stability is very necessary for the development of economy a country. For this purpose industrialization plays a positive role in fulfilling this achievement. The trend of borrowing from Micro Finance Institutions increases day by day as business activities takes place. Also from political stability Foreign Direct Investment takes place resulting in boosting and competitive environment for domestic investors. MFIs serving in all cities of Pakistan focus on enhancing business activities on domestic level. Each and every bank has its own microfinance institution departments focusing mainly on fulfilling the access to finance through some easy steps for starting new ventures. From past some years Pakistan is facing a lot different situations in country like Political Instability, Terrorism and Unemployment. Now in this situation there is lack of foreign investment in our country. Meanwhile, Domestic Level Small & Medium Enterprises faces a lot of challenges while financing their own SMEs. State bank of Pakistan introduces Business Support Fund through which every bank has to facilitate investors with loans to increase new ventures startup which in turns can help out the economy. Trend of MFIs and SMEs had increase in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as well like Faisalabad, Karachi and Lahore so do demand for credit investment increases resulting in MFIs with new ideas and proposals.
Impact of Organizational Communication Strength on Employee Engagement: The Mediating Role of Perceived Supervisor Support and Moderating Role of Organizational Trust
Authors: DR. MUZAMMEL SHAH  , DR. MUZAMMEL SHAH  , DR. MUZAMMEL SHAH
Published: December 2021

Companies need employees who are passionate about their job and strive to take organization to height of glory.Owing to high competition in banking sector, it is pertinent to note that banks need to differentiate themselves from competitors. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of organizational communication strength and employee engagement, with mediating effect of perceived supervisor support and moderating role of organizational trust. Data was collected from a sample 244 employees of banking sector who were through simple random sampling. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the scales used in the study. Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the hypothesized relationships. The findings revealed a significant positive relationship between communication strengthand employee’s engagement. Perceived supervisor support mediated the relationship ofcommunication strength and employee’s engagement. Organizational trust moderated the relationship of Perceived supervisor support and employee’s engagement. Organizations should focus on promoting a strong communication system to increase the dedication, vigor and absorption of employees.
Under-Utilization of Women in the Labor Market of Pakistan
Authors: Mariam Sohail  , Muqqadas Rehman  , Chaudhary Abdul Rehman
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to find out the reasons which stop the educated women form utilizing their professional skills in Pakistan.A sample of twelve females is selected, out of which six are doing jobs in different sectors of Pakistan and six are unemployed but having professional graduation and masters degrees. Interviews are conducted with the participants. Findings indicate that culture and societal behavior, parents/family, male dominancy, bad working environment, long working hours, distant jobs, conveyance, safety issues, job discrimination, disinterest, household tasks, work-life balance are the main hurdles which stopwomen from doing jobs. All respondents agree that Islam does not stop women from jobs. Mostly, women prefer teaching profession because of less time and better working environment. Economy of the Pakistan will grow if educated women start utilizing their talent in the job market.
Impact of Technology Readiness on User Satisfaction: Evidence Customer Intention to Use Mobile Banking in Punjab
Authors: Maham Aslam  , Maham Aslam  , Hafiz Muhammad Sajjad
Published: December 2021

Technology advancement in the payment systems have led to more noteworthy access to formal financial framework.The desire of this study is to contemplate the factors that impact the intention to utilize mobile banking in Pakistan with view of using technology readiness acceptance model (TRAM). This study tests how the antecedents of technology readiness affect the intention to use mobile banking. The hypothetical model of this study is the blend of technology readiness (TR) and technology acceptance model (TAM), while the mediating role of user satisfaction fully mediates, that when the user perceives easy to use the technology due to effect of technology readiness to the adopting mobile banking. This study collected data from five commercial bank of Punjab such as Askari Bank, Allied bank, United bank, Bank Alfalah, Muslim commercial bank, Standard chartered bank and there are 450 responded as the utilization of mobile banking is sufficient, advance and time saving technology. However, it is accomplishing with the help of model. The discussion on the results of hypothesis testing and the conclusion both are presenting as associated section of the study.
The Impact of Earnings Management on Dividend Policy: Empirical Analysis of Kse-100 Index Firms
Authors: Naveed Khan  , Dr. Fayaz Ali Shah
Published: December 2021

For a number of purposes management of firms indulges in earnings manipulations. Moreover, to attract investors firms distribute dividend regularly, however sometimes to do so management can manipulate earnings information. in turn, such activities negatively affect the performance of firms in long run. Hence, in current paperinvestigated earnings manipulation and dividend policies of a sample of 76KSE-100 indexnon-financial listed firms ofPakistan stock exchange during2010-2016.Data are secondary in nature and collected from annual reportsof firms.For measurement of earnings manipulation used discretionary accruals of management activities andmodified cross sectional Jones model (1995) is used.Moreover, used random effect panel data techniquefor analysis. The final results revealed that earningsmanagement and dividend payout ratio as proxy of dividend policy are negatively and insignificantly associated. Therefore, concluded that if management involves in manipulation practices then they are unable to pay their obligations as dividend. Moreover, if the governance system is strong then management cannot manipulate true information because according to governance system management should comply and explain the dividend payment procedures.
Disaster Management and Community Development: A Pakistani Perspective
Authors: Dr. Mohammad Daud Ali  , Anwar-ul Mujahid Shah  , Syed Arshad Ali Shah
Published: December 2021

After making thorough on-ground observation it is observed that because of hazardous development of populace, evolving needs, financial rivalry and also inflation of the assets for social welfare administrations at the worldwide level are decreasing. Keeping in perspective the contracting position of assets for social welfare and group advancement the idea of investment rose in range of sociological areas and group improvement. Participatory approach gradually and steadily came into use in the group advancement discourse. It was trailed by a fast development in the advancement of techniques for including rustic individuals in looking at their own issues, setting their own objectives, and checking their own accomplishments. It is essential to note that an effectively included and enabled domestic populace is key for effective community development process. This paper deals with similar themes on community development and disaster management in Pakistan.It discusses the fundamental prologue to the worldview of involvement of local community; ontological transformation in disaster administration and procedure of community based disaster management in Pakistan.
Işınlı İnci İstiridyesi Pinctada imbricata radiata’da Mikroplastik Varlığı
Authors: AKSAKAL Dilara , ÇALIŞ Mustafa , YİĞİTKURT Selçuk , DURMAZ Yaşar
Published: December 2021

Mikroplastikler 1µm ile 5mm boyutlarındaki polimer parçaları olarak adlandırılır. Son yıllarda deniz ortamında yaygınlaşan etkili kirleticiler haline gelmiştir. Mikroplastik kirliliği deniz ekosistemindeki hemen her canlı türü içerisinde tespit edilmeye başlamıştır. Özellikle besinlerini filtrasyon yolu ile alan çift kabuklu canlılar bünyelerine mikroplastik almak zorunda kalmışlardır. Bu çalışma ile Çeşme Ildır Kıyılarından toplanan Işınlı inci istiridyesi Pinctada imbricata radiata’nın mide örnekleri içerisinde mikroplastik varlığının tespiti yapılmıştır. Organik materyallerin sindirimi için %10 KOH (Potasyum Hidroksit) solüsyonu kullanılmıştır. Mide örnekleri içerisinde tespit edilen 65 mikroplastik benzeri parçacık μ-FTIR ile analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda seçilen örneklerin mikroplastik olduğu tespit edilmiş ve tespit edilen türler içerisinde en yaygın görülen mikroplastik şekli fiber, polimer tipi Polietilen (PE) ve en yaygın görülen mikroplastik rengi ise mavi olmuştur.
The Role of Religion in Politics: The Analytical Category of the Social Public Sphere
Authors: CAKİR Ravza
Published: December 2021

Within the realm of political theory, the existing republican and liberal theories of the public sphere have not been normatively and practically sufficient for Muslim-majority contexts. Few prominent scholars such as Jürgen Habermas have provided a revitalised approach to the discussions of religion in the public sphere, enabling an expansion of the artificial and controversial boundaries between the private and the public as well as the religious and the political. In his publications since the mid-2000s, Habermas has proposed the notions of ‘post-secularism,’ ‘religious tolerance,’ and the ‘modernization of religious consciousness’ and he significantly articulated new divisions for an ‘informal public sphere’ and an ‘institutional public sphere.’ In this article, I re-appropriate some of Habermas’ ideas to theorise about the analytically differentiated categories of social public sphere—a distinct form of a political public sphere where religious communal life is organised by civil society associations—and state public sphere—where the secular state controls the common institutional framework. The paper offers a more nuanced view of the relationship between religion and the public sphere as a way of reconciling political secularism and public religious presence that would help democratic consolidation in the Muslim world.
Consumers’ assessment of the brand equity of garment brands
Authors: GUL RANA FAIZAN , LIU DUNNAN , JAMIL KHALID , KAMRAN MUBASHER MUHAMMAD , HUSSAIN AWAN AZAL , QAISER AYAZ
Published: December 2021

The assessment of brand equity and its sources is a trend among researchers and garment brand companies
nowadays. The purpose of the current study is to explore the impact of two independent variables, including “words of
mouth” (WOM) and “brand personality”, on the dependent variable “brand equity”, along with the assessment of
mediating effects of “relationship quality”. Previous literature on the subject suggests that multiple sources including
“words of mouth” and “brand personality” influence “brand equity”, but no attempts have been made for the assessment
of “relationship quality” as a mediator among sources of brand equity in the context of garment brands. The present
study aims at filling that gap through the presentation of a statistical model. Respondents in the sample included the
regular customers of the garment brands. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to
fddd the collected data. The results indicated that the “WOM” and “brand personality” had a significantly positive
influence on “brand equity”. “Relationship quality” was found to have a strong mediating effect. The theory of brand
equity and the social exchange theory was used to develop a representative model. Results of the study strengthen the
premises of the theory of brand equity and the social exchange theory. The researchers recommended the exploration
of the influence of other possible mediating variables in future researches. Recommendations were also made for the
administrators of the garment brand companies for the consideration of “relationship quality” along with the sources of
“brand equity”, including “words of mouth” and “brand personality” for improved decision making and competitive
advantage
An investigation of the thermo-mechanical fusing process of innovative
textile materials
Authors: ANDONOVA SNEZHINA , STEFANOV ALEKSEY , AMUDZHEV IVAN
Published: December 2021

The process of thermo-mechanical fusing (TMF) is one of the major technological processes in the sewing industry. The
quality of the sewing article as a whole depends largely on the effective implementation of this process. The good
appearance of the finished product and the preservation of the shapes given during the operation of the product depend
on the proper choice of the parameters for the TMF. It is therefore important to carry out research to optimize this
process. On the other hand, new and different textile materials (TM) with more complex structure and multicomponent
composition have appeared in recent years. This determines the different properties of each TM. Therefore, it is
extremely important to conduct numerous preliminary studies and analyses to determine the specific effective values for
defining the TMF process for a particular type of TM. This is especially important namely for large-scale companies. In
the context of the above, it is of particular interest to study the TMF process for an innovative TM (with complex structure
and multicomponent composition) registered with a patent for an invention in recent years. The purpose of the present
work is to investigate and analyse the nature of the change in temperature between basic and adhesive TM in TMF of
innovative /complex in composition and structure/TM. As a result of the performed research and analysis, a method for
establishing continuous feedback with the processed textile materials at TMF has been proposed. The nature of the
temperature change of the treated innovative TM has been defined. The relationship between the time for conducting
the TMF process and the temperature of the pressing plate for the respective innovative TM has been established.
Impact of consumer Attitude towards purchase intention of the counterfeit
products: a multigroup analysis between the user and non-user
Authors: FIZA AMJAD , MUHAMMAD ZIR-UR-REHMAN , MUHAMMAD HASHIM , SAJJAD BAIG , FAZAL MUBARIK , SHAHZAD IQBAL , UR REHMAN HAKEEM
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors which influence a consumer’s decision to buy counterfeit
products. The factors are Attitude towards counterfeits by economic benefit, Attitude towards counterfeits by Hedonic
benefits, Subjective norm and Perceived behaviour control and their impact on the purchase intention of the
textile/clothing counterfeit product was analysed. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed. Data was analysed
using IBM Statistics 3.0. and SMART PLS. Attitude towards counterfeits by economic benefit and Perceived behaviour
control had strong relationships with purchase intention of counterfeit products. Attitude towards counterfeits by
Hedonic benefits didn’t show any significant relationship with purchase intention. Subjective norm had strong positive
relationship with purchase intention of counterfeits. This study is useful for Developing Countries, especially in Impact of
theory of planned behaviour on the purchase intention of the counterfeits and is examined on the user and non-user of
the counterfeit product.
Uji Eksperimental Respon Struktur 3D Modelling Struktur Portal Open Frame dan Struktur Portal Bresing terhadap Beban Gempa
Authors: Apriani Widya , Barus Anggi , Lubis Fadrizal
Published: December 2021

One of the obstacles in laboratory testing is the availability of testing capacity. So that the similitude method was developed which aims to replicate the state of the prototype by scaling the variables so that they can be tested in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the results of numerical tests and experimental tests on the response of the open frame portal structure and the braced portal structure to the perpindahan parameters and the driftt ratio of the steel portal structure in earthquake buildings. The method used in this research is the experimental test method. From the analysis results, the largest perpindahan difference between the numerical test and the experimental test of the open frame portal structure is on the 4th floor, with a difference of 21,8 mm, while the largest perpindahan difference in the braced structure is on the 6th floor with a difference of 14,54 mm. The highest perpindahan difference is between numerical tests and experimental tests that occur on the open frame structure are on the 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors while those that occur on the braced structure are on the 5th, 6th, and 7th floors but the experimental perpindahan test is still within the permit limits for structural planning and if reviewed from the driftt ratio results, the results exceed the allowable driftt ratio limit of 2% of the height of each building level located on the 1st and 6th floors of the open frame portal structure and on the 5th floor of the braced portal structure.
Kalibrasi Model Soil Moisture Accounting dengan Software HEC-HMS di Stasiun Debit Pasir Pangaraian
Authors: Lilis Handayani Yohanna , Adya Ariska Gopal , David Imannuel Ketaren
Published: December 2021

This research aims to compare the results of the calibration of the Soil Moisture Accounting (SMA) model using Percent Error in Volume (PEV) and Peak Weighted Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The SMA model calibration uses the HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modeling System). There are 12 calibrated parameters by automatic calibration. The input data are the area of ​​the watershed, daily rainfall, daily discharge data and climatological data. The data used is data from 2008 to 2017. The results show that PEV performance shows good results. While the RMSE showed poor results. PEV results are best at 7 years of calibration and 3 years of verification. The length of the calibration data has not affected the verification results.