bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
РОЛЬ ШТУЧНОГО ІНТЕЛЕКТУ В ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ТА ЗВІТНОСТІ В МАЛОМУ БІЗНЕСІ
Authors: Шаповалова Алла , Кузьменко Олена , Прокопова Олена
Published: June 2024

У статті розглядається зростання ролі штучного інтелекту (ШІ) в оптимізації процесів оподаткування та звітності малого бізнесу. Метою статті є аналіз способів, за допомогою яких штучний інтелект може оптимізувати процеси оподаткування та звітності, тим самим допомагаючи малому бізнесу ефективніше працювати в регуляторному середовищі. Результати дослідження показують, що технології штучного інтелекту, такі як алгоритми машинного навчання та оброблення природної мови, дозволяють малому бізнесу автоматизувати повсякденні завдання, підвищити точність і отримати корисну інформацію з величезних масивів даних. Отримані висновки свідчать про те, що штучний інтелект здатен змінити традиційні підходи до оподаткування та звітності, виходячи за межі простої автоматизації та сприяючи створенню стратегічної цінності.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРИНЦИПІВ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА ЗАМКНУТИХ ЦИКЛІВ У ВИРОБНИЦТВІ ДЛЯ МІНІМІЗАЦІЇ ВІДХОДІВ ТА ЗМЕНШЕННЯ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ НА НАВКОЛИШНЄ СЕРЕДОВИЩЕ
Authors: Єфанов Володимир
Published: June 2024

Наукова стаття присвячена критичному аналізу лінійних виробничо-споживчих моделей та обґрунтуванню необхідності переходу до альтернативних підходів, заснованих на принципах циркулярної економіки та замкнутих циклів. Мета дослідження полягає у виявленні недоліків лінійних моделей через призму ресурсної та відходної складових, огляді концептуальних засад циркулярної економіки, її фундаментальних принципів та перспектив імплементації в українських реаліях. Актуальність теми зумовлена нагальною потребою мінімізації відходів і навантаження на довкілля, ресурсозбереження, підвищення еколого-економічної ефективності національної економіки. Результати дослідження виявляють, що лінійні моделі детермінують виснаження ресурсів, забруднення та загострення екологічної кризи, тоді як принципи циркулярності (реутилізація, ремануфактуринг, рециклінг, екодизайн тощо) формують економічну систему, наближену до природних циклів. Практична цінність статті полягає в обґрунтуванні необхідності трансформації лінійних економічних моделей в Україні та акцентуванні уваги на можливостях і перевагах циркуляризації виробничих процесів для забезпечення сталого розвитку.
The Influence of Managerial Coaching and Team Autonomy on Employee Performance in Palm Oil Plantation and Processing Companies in Sumatra
Authors: Lubis Fajar Rezeki Ananda , Syaifuddin Syaifuddin , Lubis Yusniar , Nasib Nasib
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine the influence of managerial coaching and team autonomy on employee performance and to evaluate the mediating role of work climate on the influence of managerial coaching and team autonomy on work engagement. Additionally, this study investigates the role of work engagement as a mediator between managerial coaching, team autonomy, and work climate on employee performance in palm oil plantations and processing companies in Sumatra. The sample consists of 523 employees. Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) is the analysis method. The results indicate that managerial coaching significantly influences work climate and work engagement, and team autonomy also significantly influences work climate and engagement. Work climate significantly influences work engagement and employee performance, and work engagement significantly influences performance. The indirect effects analysis shows that work climate mediates the influence of team autonomy on work engagement, and work engagement mediates the influence of managerial coaching and team autonomy on performance.
PRIORITIES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CITY BLOCK DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Apatenko T. , Bezliubchenko O.
Published: June 2024

The study aims to find ways to improve the efficiency of urban areas by introducing the planning structure of urban residential areas – the block type of development, taking into account the basic principles of its formation. The authors carry out an analysis of scientific and theoretical materials on etymology and historical experience of the formation of city block buildings in the context of typology of buildings according to planning and spatial characteristics with examples of the planning organisation of the cities of New York, Mexico City, Los Angeles, and Barcelona. We consider the formation of residential blocks through simple geometric shapes, such as a rectangle or a square, and concluded that using such shapes emphasises the uniformity of planning. The main principles and factors of developing city blocks are defined to identify the priorities and shortcomings of this type of building. We establish that city block development contributes to comfortable public spaces and strengthens social ties between residents. The study proves the advantages of transport accessibility in block development by placing essential infrastructure facilities within walking and cycling distance. The presence of closed yards, safety, and the absence of traffic jams form a high level of amenity and social connections; these principles contribute to creating an efficient, functional, and aesthetic urban area. City block development is a promising approach for the development of modern cities, providing residents with comfort and a quality standard of urban life. The article also analyses the main disadvantages of using block buildings, one of which is an increase in the density of buildings, which affects the distribution of sunlight and the shading of space. Despite its shortcomings, city block development remains attractive for developing high-quality and sustainable urban environments. The proposal to use city block development in the post-war reconstruction of residential areas and the use of underground space for shelter is relevant and promising for sustainable urban development in Ukraine.
Keywords: city block development, residential environment, residential complex, planning methods, planning structure.
Influence of Elevated Temperatures on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Made with Different Types of Aggregate
Authors: Seyam Ahmed M. , Nemes Rita
Published: June 2024

Concrete, the backbone of modern infrastructure, exhibits varying mechanical behaviour that depends on its components, with aggregates playing a crucial role in its strength and durability. This study aimed to investigate the influence of elevated temperatures on the compressive strength of concrete made with different types of aggregate. A comprehensive evaluation of concrete mixes was conducted using quartz, crushed clay bricks, crushed andesite, expanded clay and expanded glass coarse aggregates. For each coarse aggregate type, concrete mixtures were made with the same amount of Portland cement, water-cement ratio, natural sand, and superplasticizer. The effective water-cement ratio and cement content were kept constant in each concrete mixture. The grading and maximum particle size were the same in all concrete mixtures. The results revealed that the type of aggregate has a significant impact on the compressive strength and thermal resistance of concrete, with andesite-containing concrete exhibiting the highest residual strength after heating up to 800 °C and clay brick-concrete displaying the highest strength under elevated temperatures up to 1000 °C. The study also found that the age of concrete affects its strength at elevated temperatures, as concrete in the early stages of hydration is more susceptible to thermal cracking than concrete that has had more time to cure. Generally, the compressive strength of normal-weight aggregates depends on the strength of the parent rock. But in the case of fire (elevated temperature), the cement paste matrix loses its strength, and the aggregates effects become more significant.
Learning from Failure and Factors Influencing Failure
Authors: Kiss Kitti Mária , Kun Ágota
Published: June 2024

Failure is a ubiquitous and inescapable element of life, thus sooner or later we will all have to deal with failure-possible scenarios. It is impossible to avoid failure and blunders, even with stringent procedures, employee education, and/or the implementation of the latest technology. This holds true even for persons who are incredibly successful and well-respected, since most effective leaders have more professional failures than triumphs. Their capacity to learn from their mistakes is a key factor in determining how successful they are, and this has led to, learning from failure becoming a more popular topic for research into organisational learning and individual development. In this article, we have compiled many studies how to learn from failure effectively and the variables that may affect this process.
Fuzzy clustering approach to portfolio management considering ESG criteria: empirical evidence from the investment strategies of the EURO STOXX Index
Authors: Kaminskyi Andrii , Nehrey Maryna
Published: June 2024

Environmental, social and governance (ESG) criteria are becoming increasingly important in the construction of investment portfolios. Analysis of the investment markets confirms that these criteria are being actively integrated into investment strategies. This paper presents our approach to incorporating ESG criteria into the portfolio construction process based on an index investment strategy. This strategy is enhanced by the inclusion of ESG criteria in the form of ESG scoring. Investment portfolio construction focuses on the application of three criteria: maximizing ESG score, minimizing risk and maximizing expected return. Our approach applies a fuzzy clustering toolkit to the set of index components. In the resulting fuzzy clusters, their core part (companies that do not belong to other clusters) and the fuzzy part are separated. The proposed investment strategy involves the construction of portfolios with a variation of the components of the fuzzy part. A VAWI (Value Added Weekly Index) curve is designed for each portfolio. The optimal strategy is implemented by constructing and reconstructing portfolios according to the upper line of the VAWI set. This investment strategy is demonstrated using the example of the EURO STOXX 50 index, which includes large companies from 11 Eurozone countries.
The tale of two sisters
Authors: Coles Prophecy
Published: June 2024

What damage is done to the psyche of children who are lied to about their origins? This is a unique tale of two half-sisters who were deceived about their blood relationship and its effect can still be felt today within the history of psychoanalysis. The key players within this drama that ended in the murder of Hermine Hug-Hellmuth are Antonia Hug (1894–1915), Hermine Hug-Hellmuth (1871–1924), Sigmund Freud (1856–1939), Isidor Sadger (1869–1942), and Hermine's illegitimate nephew Rolph Hug (1906–?) who murdered her. The early historians of psychoanalysis declined to mention her (Jones, 1953; Gay, 1988). We are indebted to Graf-Nold (1988) and MacLean and Rappen (1991) who have brought to our attention that Hermine Hug-Hellmuth was the first Viennese child psychoanalyst who made a remarkable contribution to understanding the psyche of women and children.
Developing Organization Skills: Tingkatkan Komunikasi Efektif dalam Berorganisasi Menggunakan Metode Experiental Learning
Authors: Rahmah Dian Dwi Nur , Prastika Netty Dyan , Salsabila Putri Marsha Nasywa , Cantika Arti Wulan
Published: June 2024

Setiap organisasi membutuhkan komunikasi yang jelas dalam menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan visi dan misi organisasi tersebut. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pelatihan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman para peserta mengenai komunikasi efektif dalam berorganisasi. Pelatihan dilakukan pada Himpunan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (HMPKn) Universitas Mulawarman sebanyak 37 peserta. Metode yang digunakan pada pelatihan ini adalah experiential learning yang berfokus pada proses pembelajaran berdasarkan pengalaman secara langsung dan berorientasi pada peserta dengan metode ceramah, sesi tanya jawab, ice breaking, dan FGD. Proses pengumpulan data untuk mengidentifikasi masalah adalah wawancara, observasi, dan lembar kuesioner. Berdasarkan hasil pelatihan, nilai post-test lebih besar dibandingkan nilai pre-test yakni sebesar 16,2%. Didukung dengan hasil perhitungan uji beda pada software SPSS, diketahui bahwa nilai Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan pada peserta. Kesimpulan dari pelatihan ini adalah terdapat peningkatan pemahaman mengenai komunikasi efektif pada peserta pelatihan.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Mobile Edukasi Keuangan: Mempermudah Akses Informasi dan Peningkatan Literasi Keuangan Masyarakat
Authors: Putri PA Andiena Nindya , Husen Gayatri Nahdiyah , Prijanto Budi , Setyagustina Kurniasih , Cakranegara Pandu Adi
Published: June 2024

Literasi keuangan yang rendah menjadi masalah sosial yang perlu ditangani dengan solusi inovatif. Penggunaan aplikasi mobile dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di ITB Stikom Bali pada November 2023 memberikan kontribusi signifikan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keuangan masyarakat. Melalui aplikasi ini, informasi keuangan menjadi lebih mudah diakses, sementara konten edukasi yang interaktif meningkatkan minat belajar. Fitur kalkulator investasi, pelacak pengeluaran, dan notifikasi pasar keuangan juga mendukung praktik keuangan yang bijaksana. Meskipun demikian, tantangan keamanan data dan aksesibilitas perlu terus diatasi. Kolaborasi antara lembaga keuangan, pemerintah, dan penyedia teknologi menjadi kunci untuk memaksimalkan dampak positif aplikasi mobile dalam meningkatkan literasi keuangan secara menyeluruh.
A Novel Hybrid Regression Model for Banking Loss Estimation
Authors: Karadayı Ataş Pınar
Published: June 2024

Given the critical need to identify financial risks in the banking sector early, this study presents a novel approach that uses historical financial ratios from the FDIC database to predict bank failures in the United States. Accurate estimation of potential losses is essential for risk management and decision-making procedures. We present a novel hybrid approach to loss estimation in the context of bank failures in this study. ElasticNet regression and relevant data extraction techniques are combined in our method to improve prediction accuracy. We conducted thorough experiments and evaluated our hybrid approach's performance against that of conventional regression techniques. With a remarkably low Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.001, a significantly high R-squared value of 0.98, and an Explained Variance Score of 0.95, our proposed model demonstrates superior performance compared to existing methodologies. The accuracy of our method is further demonstrated by the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1200 units. Our results highlight the potential of our hybrid approach to transform loss estimation in the banking and finance domain, offering superior predictive capabilities and more accurate loss estimations.
The discovery of new potent VEGFR2 inhibitors for potential anti-angiogenesis agent through a combination of structure-based virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation and ADME-Tox prediction
Authors: Boucherıt Hanane , Merzoug Amina , Boulhıssa Ilham , Mosbah Asma , Benseguenı Abderrahmane
Published: June 2024

The discovery of the importance of angiogenesis in the mechanisms of tumor growth has empowered the improvement of new particles that are utilized in the therapy of various cancers. The goal of this research was to identify novel compounds functioning as potent VEGFR2 inhibitors in silico. It is an interesting therapeutic target for developing new anti-angiogenic drugs. In this work, molecular simulation studies of enzyme inhibition was carried out by structure-based virtual screening with FlexX program of VEGFR2. This approach makes it possible to model the interactions between a protein and thousands of small chemical compounds. A collection of 6,000 compounds originating from the ZINC chemical library, were tested against the active site of VEGFR2. The ADME-Tox characteristics and molecular dynamics simulation of the potential compounds were also examined. At the end of this screening, the compounds ZINC01534124 and ZINC00588595 appear as new inhibitors theoretically more active towards VEGFR2. Again, these inhibitors have shown significant binding energy by interacting with important residues in the active site. Furthermore, the in silico prediction of a similar drug positively informs us about the ADME-Tox properties of these new compounds. Finally, the stable binding of VEGFR2 with ZINC01534124 and ZINC00588595 is shown using 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations. These findings point to the chemicals ZINC01534124 and ZINC00588595 as potential candidates for VEGFR2 inhibitor research. They might also act as a starting point for further chemical modifications in order to produce therapeutically relevant anti-angiogenic medications.
Preliminary Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of The Situational Motivation Scale for use in Academic Sport Contexts
Authors: Hassani Fahimeh , Esmaeili Milad , Sulu Buse , Naghipour Givi Behnam , Honarmand Peyman
Published: June 2024

Motivation is one of the most important psychological factors in recognising human behavior in different settings. The purpose of this study was to analyse the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Situational Motivation Scale (P-SIMS) developed by Guay et al., (2000) in academic sport settings. A total of 231 undergraduate students, 113 males (51.6%) and 106 females (48.4%), participated in the study. The P-SIMS consists of 16 items and four subscales: intrinsic motivation, identified regulation, external regulation, and amotivation. Cronbach's alpha coefficient, interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of subscales, temporal reliability, construct validity of the scale respectively. The Standardized estimate of 16 questions shows that the CFI, GFI, and NNFI indexes are above 0.90 and the RMSEA index is below 0.08, indicating the acceptability of the fit indexes. Also, the results of the calculations performed to estimate the reliability of the scale factors show that the value of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) are good enough and considering that the internal consistency coefficients and temporal reliability of the components of the list are reasonable and appropriate, the reliability of the scale is confirmed. The results showed that P-SIMS has relatively acceptable construct validity and acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The results of this study support the preliminary validity and reliability of the P-SIMS for use in academic sport contexts.
Master Atletlerde Rekreasyon Fayda Farkındalığının İncelenmesi
Authors: Tekin Recep , Harmancı Halit , Gümüşgül Osman
Published: June 2024

Son yıllarda orta yaş ve üzeri bireyler, rekreasyonel amaçlı olarak atletizmde dahil olmak üzere sportif branşlara katılım konusunda artan bir ilgi göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı; master atletlerin rekreasyon fayda farkındalığı düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesidir. Araştırmaya yaşları 30 ile 65 yaş arasında değişen ve rekreasyon amaçlı koşu yarışmalarına katılan, 114 kadın ve 197 erkek olmak üzere toplam 311 master atlet katılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcıların rekreasyon fayda farkındalığını tespit etmek amacıyla Ho (2008) tarafından geliştirilen ve Türkçe geçerlilik/ güvenirliliği Akgül ve ark. (2018) tarafından yapılan Rekreasyon Fayda ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistiklerin yanında, ikili karşılaştırmalarda Bağımsız Örneklem t testi (t), gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda ise ANOVA testi (F), kullanılmıştır. Yaş değişkenine göre incelendiğinde, 36-40 yaş ve 41-45 yaş arasındaki master atletlerin fiziksel fayda farkındalığı ölçek puanlarının 30-35 yaş arasındaki atletlerden anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Benzer şekilde, 36-40 yaş arası master atletlerin psikolojik fayda puanlarının 30-35 yaş arasındaki atletlerden anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Öğrenim durumu değişkenine göre incelendiğinde, lisans ve ön lisans mezunu bireylerin fiziksel, psikolojik ve sosyal fayda farkındalığı ölçek puanlarının ilk ve orta öğretim mezunu bireylerin puanlarından anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak çalışmaya katılan master atletlerin, rekreasyonel etkinliklerin faydaları konusunda farkındalıklarının anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Setting epidemiological cut-off values relevant to MIC and disc diffusion data for Aeromonas salmonicida generated by a standard method
Authors: Smith P , Buba E , Desbois AP , Adams A , Verner-Jeffreys D , Joseph A , Light E , Le Devendec L , Jouy E , Larvor E , Boitard PM , Jamin M , Keck N , Le Breton A , Thuillier B , Ravaille C , Morin T , Baron S
Published: June 2024

The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute has published epidemiological cut-off values for susceptibility data generated at 22°°C and read after 44-48 h for florfenicol, oxolinic acid and oxytetracycline against Aeromonas salmonicida. The cut-off values for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion were derived from data obtained by 1 laboratory and 2 laboratories respectively. The present work reports the generation of susceptibility data from additional laboratories and the calculation of provisional cut-off values from aggregations of these data with previously published data. With respect to MIC data, the provisional cut-off values, derived from aggregations of the data from 4 laboratories, were ≤4 µg ml-1 for florfenicol, ≤0.0625 µg ml-1 for oxolinic acid and ≤1 µg ml-1 for oxytetracycline. For disc diffusion data, the provisional cut-off values derived from aggregations of the data from 5 laboratories were ≥30 mm for florfenicol, ≥32 mm for oxolinic acid and ≥25 mm for oxytetracycline. In addition, a cut-off value of ≥29 mm for ampicillin was derived from the aggregation of data from 4 laboratories.
Ethnobotany and Irish nationalism: an early contribution by Dr Michael F. Moloney (Micheál P. Ó Máoldhomhnaigh) of Dungarvan
Authors: Nelson E. Charles
Published: June 2024

Michael Francis Moloney (Micheál Proinnsias Ó Máoldhomhnaigh) (1888–1934) qualified as a physician and established his practice in Dungarvan, County Waterford, where he also served as Coroner. In 1919, his book Luibh-sheanchus, maille le gearr-chunntas ar shaothar lucht leighis i n-Éirinn: Irish ethno-botany and the evolution of medicine in Ireland was published in Dublin. Luibh-sheanchus is notable being one of the earliest books to employ the term ‘ethnobotany’. It contained more than 950 Irish vernacular names for plants, representing about 525 different species of flowering plants, ferns and marine algae. For about one third of the species Moloney also provided brief notes about folk uses, mainly in treating illnesses but also for dyeing and in food. Moloney’s sources are discussed but few can be fully elucidated as he made no direct acknowledgements but the Irish names probably were mainly those in use in the Gaeltacht na nDéise, an Irish-speaking area in County Waterford. Published during a period of violence and turmoil in Ireland, the author, who was bilingual in Irish and English, supported the Irish Republican cause and was locally noteworthy for being arrested and imprisoned in November 1920 in the aftermath of ‘Bloody Sunday’ when British troops shot and killed twelve people in Dublin.
Zoffany’s ‘monkey’ and other early depictions of the western hoolock gibbon
Authors: Noltie Henry J.
Published: June 2024

The animal included in Johan Zoffany’s painting Claude Martin and his Friends ( c. 1786) is here identified as a male western hoolock gibbon ( Hoolock hoolock ( Harlan, 1834 )). Other early images of the animal made in India and elsewhere are discussed, including those commissioned by Francis Buchanan Hamilton at the Barrackpore Menagerie, Bengal. The scientific description of the species by Richard Harlan, made belatedly and in North America, is discussed, as is a possible route by which the individual depicted by Zoffany could have reached captivity in Lucknow far from its native habitat in north-east India.
Henry Gustave Hiller (1864–1946): British stained glass artist, naturalist and illustrator
Authors: Reid Geraldine , Edmondson John
Published: June 2024

Henry Gustave Hiller was born in Chorlton-cum-Hardy, England, in 1864. He worked in Liverpool as a stained glass artist, but was also a keen microscopist and an amateur entomologist and arachnologist, with a particular interest in the life histories of spiders. He was an active member of Liverpool’s natural history societies in his leisure time where he combined his passion for natural history with his artistic talent. His arachnology and entomological illustrations of Argyroneta aquatica, Chironomidae and Culicidae are part of the zoology collections of National Museums Liverpool’s World Museum. In retirement, he lived at Rhosneigr, Anglesey, Wales, where he studied and illustrated the reproductive structures of marine algae. The watercolour sketches of the British marine algae he prepared are preserved in the collections of National Museums Liverpool’s World Museum herbarium (LIV) along with the dried specimens of seaweeds that he collected.
Arthur Cain and ecological genetics in the Oxford Zoology Department
Authors: Cook Laurence M.
Published: June 2024

In the two decades after the Second World War a group of members of the University of Oxford’s Zoology Department investigated evidence for and the strength of natural selection in wild populations, a subject that had been developing since the beginning of the century. They provided a stimulus for many further field studies by others and in other places. Their central contention was that strong selection led to the close adaptation of all aspects of the genome of organisms to their environment. The research centred on the work of E. B. Ford and H. B. D. Kettlewell, on the one hand, and A. J. Cain, on the other. Ford was influenced by R. A. Fisher’s theory of the evolution of dominance, which he maintained led to heterozygote advantage, polymorphism and thus high levels of genetic diversity. While convinced of the power of selection and studying a conspicuous polymorphism, Cain had a much broader interest in adaptation and speciation
Evidence for a remarkable survival of invertebrates from the teaching collection of William MacGillivray (1796–1852), Marischal College, Aberdeen
Authors: Hancock E. Geoffrey
Published: June 2024

A box of invertebrates, mainly insects, some of which have labels dated between 1838 and 1841, was acquired by the author at a public auction in 2022. The box and the style of preservation is consistent with a collection assembled in the late 1830s. It is postulated that this small collection once formed part of the museum assembled by William MacGillivray at Marischal College, Aberdeen, Scotland, following his appointment as Regius Professor of Civil and Natural History in 1841.
The ‘Moving Plant of Bengal’: introduction to Western gardens, naming and early representation, poetic and graphic
Authors: Noltie Henry J.
Published: June 2024

The early history of the European ‘discovery’ of the ‘Moving Plant of Bengal’, now Codariocalyx motorius, but for long known as Desmodium gyrans, is discussed, as is its introduction to Western gardens and its scientific description. The pre-eminent role of James Kerr (1737–1782) in sending seeds and drawings by an anonymous Bengali artist to John Hope, John Fothergill and William Cullen is described, and the use of it made by Hope in his botanical lectures. References by the poets Erasmus Darwin and Maria Montolieu are discussed, as also its graphic representation by the engravers Frederick Polydore Nodder and Yves-Marie Le Gouaz, and in paper mosaic by Mary Delany. Also discussed is a paper by Pierre M. A. Broussonet in which the discovery of the plant was attributed to Lady Anne Monson.
Samuel Holker Haslam FLS (1797–1856), gentleman naturalist
Authors: Hodkinson Ian D.
Published: June 2024

Samuel Holker Haslam (1797–1856) was an English naturalist whose plant and insect specimens are extant in several museum collections. Born into a family of cotton manufacturers in Lancashire, Haslam used his inherited wealth to set himself up as a country gentleman, eventually settling near Milnthorpe in Westmorland. He was a bibliophile, subscribing to several important fine colour-plate books on natural history and gardening, a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and a member of many other societies spanning botany, entomology, palaeontology, agriculture and antiquarianism. He collected primarily in the Lake District (Westmorland, Cumberland and north Lancashire), West Yorkshire, Cheshire, Cambridgeshire, Gloucestershire, Somerset and the Channel Islands, especially Guernsey. His activities exemplify the role played by independent collectors in documenting early nineteenth-century British natural history.
A ‘sea monster’ depicted in the 1585 map of Iceland may exemplify spy-hopping behaviour in cetaceans
Authors: France Robert L.
Published: June 2024

While there is a long history of misidentifying whales as sea monsters, historical maps and anecdotes can provide early depictions and descriptions of cetacean biology. For example, the map of ‘Islandia’ [Iceland] reproduced by Abraham Ortelius (1527–1598) in numerous printings of his atlas Theatrum orbis terrarum has an array of sea monsters, including the ‘Staukul’, that was said to stand upright out of the water for extended periods. This may be the earliest portrayal of spy-hopping, a common behaviour in which whales elevate themselves above the water to observe their surroundings.
Late eighteenth-century depictions of Peruvian primates in the Codex Martínez Compañón and the Quadro de la Historia Natural Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú
Authors: Urbani Bernardo , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: June 2024

King Carlos III of Spain supported numerous scientific and intellectual enterprises in Spanish America during the eighteenth century. One was the compilation, between about 1782 and 1785, of a vast ‘paper museum’, the ‘Codex Martínez Compañón’ or ‘Codex Trujillo del Perú’, in the province of Trujillo, Peru. There, the Bishop of Trujillo, Baltasar Jaime Martínez Compañón, directed the preparation of hundreds of coloured illustrations of the people, geography and natural history of the region. Included were 17 images of mammals classified as primates from Peruvian forests. In 1789, this compilation was shipped to Madrid where some of these illustrations were copied into an impressive oil painting by Louis Thiébaut under the direction of the bishop’s nephew, José Ignacio de Lecuanda. This painting, the Quadro de la Historia Natural Civil y Geográfica del Reyno del Perú (1799), not only included images of almost a dozen primates, but also accompanying descriptions. Forming part of an unusually large painting, these depictions of New World primates served as channels for ideas about exoticism and potential European initiatives in the forested regions of Spanish America before independence. This paper discusses the identification of the primates and some other mammals portrayed in both Martínez Compañón’s Codex and in the Quadro del Perú of Lecuanda and Thiébaut.
Turizm, Sürdürülebilirlik ve İklim Değişikliği Ekseninde 2000-2024 Yıllarında Yayınlanmış Akademik Çalışmalara Yönelik Bibliyometrik Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çavuş Muhammet Nimet
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışmada turizm alanında sürdürülebilirlik ve iklim değişikliği konularına yönelik literatür eğilimlerini belirmemek amacıyla bibliyometrik analiz yapılmıştır. Aranacak kelimeler “tourism”, “sustainability” ve “climate change” olarak belirlenmiş, Web of Science platformu kullanılmış, SSCI (Social Science Citation Index) endeksi kriter olarak belirlenmiş ve toplamda 878 akademik esere erişim sağlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmaların tarihine göre en eski yayın 2002 tarihliyken (1), en yeni yayınlar 2024 yılında (17) olacak şekilde farklı disiplinlere ait 798 dergi makalesi, 74 derleme makale, 16 erken görünüm çalışma, 6 editoryal içerik ve 6 bildiri esere erişilmiştir. Veriler yazar-atıf-dergi-ülke-kurum ve anahtar sözcük analizleri ekseninde VOSviewer programı kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Web of Science veri tabanındaki endekslenmiş içerikler analizlerin yürütülmesi açısından kriter olarak belirlenmiştir. En fazla atıf alan ilk 5 yazar; Stefan Gössling (1405 atıf), Daniel Scott (1066 atıf) atıf, Michael C. Hall (854 atıf), Ralf Buckley (567 atıf) ve Paul Peeters (555 atıf) olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma bulgularının literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
When are Junctures Critical? The Legacies and Non-Legacies of Interruptions in Local Self-Government
Authors: Gingerich Daniel W. , Vogler Jan P.
Published: June 2024

Interruptions in local self-government are a common feature of imperial rule and centralized authoritarianism. Extant scholarship considers interruptions in both contexts as potentially legacy-producing. But under which circumstances do these denials of political autonomy lead to sustained changes in political behavior? We develop a novel framework that elucidates when interruptions in local self-rule will or will not produce political legacies. Two factors are crucial: the duration of an interruption and the scope of repression. Enduring interruptions characterized by encompassing repression are the most likely to generate persistent changes. Contrariwise, transient interruptions characterized by limited repressiveness are unlikely to produce legacies. Given our theory's broad character, we conduct empirical analyses in two markedly different settings: Poland, which was split between three major empires, and Brazil, where a military regime installed appointed mayors in certain cities. Our results demonstrate that interruptions in local self-government have varying potential to create legacies.
Soft Electrohydraulic Bending Actuators for Untethered Underwater Robots
Authors: Lin Hao , Chen Yihui , Tang Wei
Published: June 2024

Traditional underwater rigid robots have some shortcomings that limit their applications in the ocean. In contrast, because of their inherent flexibility, soft robots, which have gained popularity recently, offer greater adaptability, efficiency, and safety than rigid robots. Among them, the soft actuator is the core component to power the soft robot. Here, we propose a class of soft electrohydraulic bending actuators suitable for underwater robots, which realize the bending motion of the actuator by squeezing the working liquid with an electric field. The actuator consists of a silicone rubber film, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films, soft electrodes, silicone oils, an acrylic frame, and a soft flipper. When a square wave voltage is applied, the actuator can generate continuous flapping motions. By mimicking Haliclystus auricula, we designed an underwater robot based on six soft electrohydraulic bending actuators and constructed a mechanical model of the robot. Additionally, a high-voltage square wave circuit board was created to achieve the robot’s untethered motions and remote control using a smart phone via WiFi. The test results show that 1 Hz was the robot’s ideal driving frequency, and the maximum horizontal swimming speed of the robot was 7.3 mm/s.
Dynamic Output Feedback of Second-Order Systems: An Observer-Based Controller with Linear Matrix Inequality Design
Authors: Gontijo Danielle , Araújo José Mário , Frezzato Luciano , Souza Fernando de Oliveira
Published: June 2024

This paper presents an observer-based dynamic output-feedback controller design procedure using linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization for second-order systems with uncertainty and persistent perturbation in the states. Using linear-quadratic criteria, cost functions are minimized in a two-stage procedure to compute optimal state-feedback gains, and observer gains are coupled into a dynamic output-feedback optimal controller. The LMI set used in the two stages is matrix inversion free, a key issue for polytope formulation when uncertainty is present. The approach is tested in a mobile inverted pendulum robotic platform, and the effectiveness is verified in this underactuated and undesensed case.
Enhanced Estimation of Rice Leaf Nitrogen Content via the Integration of Hybrid Preferred Features and Deep Learning Methodologies
Authors: Peng Yiping , Zhong Wenliang , Peng Zhiping , Tu Yuting , Xu Yanggui , Li Zhuxian , Liang Jianyi , Huang Jichuan , Liu Xu , Fu Youqiang
Published: June 2024

Efficiently obtaining leaf nitrogen content (LNC) in rice to monitor the nutritional health status is crucial in achieving precision fertilization on demand. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral technology is an important tool for determining LNC. However, the intricate coupling between spectral information and nitrogen remains elusive. To address this, this study proposed an estimation method for LNC that integrates hybrid preferred features with deep learning modeling algorithms based on UAV hyperspectral imagery. The proposed approach leverages XGBoost, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and a synergistic combination of both to identify the characteristic variables for LNC estimation. We then construct estimation models of LNC using statistical regression methods (partial least-squares regression (PLSR)) and machine learning algorithms (random forest (RF); deep neural networks (DNN)). The optimal model is utilized to map the spatial distribution of LNC at the field scale. The study was conducted at the National Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Guangzhou, located in Baiyun District of Guangdong, China. The results reveal that the combined PCC-XGBoost algorithm significantly enhances the accuracy of rice nitrogen inversion compared to the standalone screening approach. Notably, the model built with the DNN algorithm exhibits the highest predictive performance and demonstrates great potential in mapping the spatial distribution of LNC. This indicates the potential role of the proposed model in precision fertilization and the enhancement of nitrogen utilization efficiency in rice cultivation. The outcomes of this study offer a valuable reference for enhancing agricultural practices and sustainable crop management.
Impact of Nutritional Strategies to Prevent Post-Weaning Diarrhoea on Performance, Behaviour, and Microbiota in Piglets from Organic Farming
Authors: Bagaria Marc , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis , González-Rodríguez Olga , Vila Lluís , Delàs Pino , Fàbrega Emma
Published: June 2024

Organic livestock farming is committed to high environmental and animal welfare standards, although pathologies such as post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) may appear. The main objective of this study was to assess nutritional strategies to prevent PWD in organic piglets. A total of 134 weaned piglets were fed one of three diets: high crude protein (17.8%, HCP), low crude protein (16.8%, LCP), and low crude protein supplemented with liquid whey (LCP+W). Piglets were assessed weekly for four weeks on the following parameters: diarrhoea incidence, additional health parameters, average daily gain, and behaviour. Faecal samples were taken to analyse the intestinal microbiota composition. Data were analysed using LMM and GLMM models and Shannon and Whittaker indexes. No significant effect of diet on diarrhoea incidence was found, but the LCP+W diet increased average daily gain. Pigs fed the LCP+W diet presented a lower percentage of drinking and negative social behaviour compared with the HCP diet, and LCP pigs presented higher exploration compared with HCP. In addition, LCP+W piglets showed a higher abundance of the beneficial genus Frisingicoccus. Although liquid whey did not reduce diarrhoea incidence, the benefits found in growth, microbiota composition, and reduced negative social behaviour indicate that it could be an optimal supplement to organic diets.
Insights into Atresia Ani Type IV in Felis catus: Preliminary Epidemiolocal Findings Associated with Surgery
Authors: Nascimento Diogo , Azevedo Pedro , Carreira L. Miguel
Published: June 2024

Atresia Ani (AA) is a rare congenital anomaly in companion animals affecting rectal and anal development. Its incidence in cats remains unreported. This retrospective study aimed to characterize age, body condition, fistula size, and perioperative outcomes in Type IV Atresia Ani (with recto-vaginal fistula) in female cats. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment. Conducted over 2 years, the study included nine female cats diagnosed with Type IV Atresia Ani and recto-vaginal fistula undergoing surgery. Statistical analysis used the R program (version 4.2.1) with Rstudio®® extension. Significant results were observed at a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05. The condition had an incidence of 4.7% among the 192 cats evaluated over a 2-year period. The findings suggest that a body condition score of 3, an age of 3 to 4 weeks, and a fistula length of 1 to 2 mm correlated with better surgical outcomes, reducing the likelihood of fecal incontinence and anal stenosis development, and enhancing defecation awareness during the perioperative period. This study is the first to report the disease incidence in cats undergoing surgery, according to the authors’ knowledge.
Potential of Sea Urchin Mesocentrotus nudus as a Target Catch Species in the Pacific Ocean off Eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Takagi Satomi , Hasegawa Natsuki
Published: June 2024

Scientific reports on the distribution of Mesocentrotus nudus in Hokkaido are limited from Cape Soya to Cape Erimo along the coast of the Sea of Japan; however, fishery statistics show that its distribution has extended to the Sea of Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean off Hokkaido. In 2021, large-scale harmful algal blooms (HABs) occurred in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Hokkaido, resulting in the massive die-off of marine organisms, including M. nudus. This study aimed to redefine the distribution of M. nudus in the Pacific Ocean off eastern Hokkaido after the HABs. Field surveys were conducted in July, August, and December 2023 in Akkeshi, the site farthest from Cape Soya among the areas where irregular catches of M. nudus have been recorded in eastern Hokkaido, and the distribution of this species was confirmed in August and December. All sea urchins collected were >6 years of age, indicating that they survived the HABs. High gonad indices and spermatozoa-filled gonads were observed in the sea urchins collected in December, suggesting that the reproductive cycle of M. nudus in Akkeshi may be close to that observed in specimens off Wakkanai, Cape Soya. Warming trends may cause population increases in the future.
Transwell Culture with Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells and Fertilized Eggs Mimics the In Vivo Development of Fertilized Eggs to Blastocysts in the Fallopian Tube: An Animal Study
Authors: Hirakawa Toyofumi , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Ito Noriko , Hata Kenichiro , Imi Shiori , Shibata Mami , Urushiyama Daichi , Miyata Kohei , Yotsumoto Fusanori , Yasunaga Shin’ichiro , Baba Tsukasa , Miyamoto Shingo
Published: June 2024

Many countries, including Japan, are experiencing declining birth rates. Assisted reproductive technologies have consistently demonstrated good results in resolving infertility. Although the development of fertilized eggs into blastocysts has been recognized as a crucial step in assisted reproductive technologies, the involved mechanisms are currently unclear. Here, we established a new culture system for the in vitro development of fertilized eggs into blastocysts. In the Transwell culture system, the rate of blastocysts hatching from fertilized eggs cultured with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) was significantly higher than that of blastocysts cultured only with fertilized eggs. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the developed blastocysts displayed essential gene expression patterns in mature blastocysts. Additionally, when cultured with 3rd-passage ASCs, the developed blastocysts expressed the core genes for blastocyst maturation and antioxidant properties compared to those cultured only with fertilized eggs or cultured with 20th-passage ASCs. These results suggest that the Transwell culture system may imitate the in vivo tubal culture state for fertilized eggs. Exosomes derived from stem cells with stemness potential play a powerful role in the development of blastocysts from fertilized eggs. Additionally, the exosomes expressed specific microRNAs; therefore, the Transwell culture system resulted in a higher rate of pregnancy. In future, the extraction of their own extracellular vesicles from the culture medium might contribute to the development of novel assisted reproductive technologies.
A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Ground Station Scheduling Problems
Authors: Xu Longzeng , Yu Changhong , Wu Bin , Gao Ming
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the substantial growth in satellite data transmission tasks and volume, coupled with the limited availability of ground station hardware resources, has exacerbated conflicts among missions and rendered traditional scheduling algorithms inadequate. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an improved tabu genetic hybrid algorithm (ITGA) integrated with heuristic rules for the first time. Firstly, a constraint satisfaction model for satellite data transmission tasks is established, considering multiple factors such as task execution windows, satellite–ground visibility, and ground station capabilities. Leveraging heuristic rules, an initial population of high-fitness chromosomes is selected for iterative refinement. Secondly, the proposed hybrid algorithm iteratively evolves this population towards optimal solutions. Finally, the scheduling plan with the highest fitness value is selected as the best strategy. Comparative simulation experimental results demonstrate that, across four distinct scenarios, our algorithm achieves improvements in the average task success rate ranging from 1.5% to 19.8% compared to alternative methods. Moreover, it reduces the average algorithm execution time by 0.5 s to 28.46 s and enhances algorithm stability by 0.8% to 27.7%. This research contributes a novel approach to the efficient scheduling of satellite data transmission tasks.
Introducing a Parallel Genetic Algorithm for Global Optimization Problems
Authors: Charilogis Vasileios , Tsoulos Ioannis G.
Published: June 2024

The topic of efficiently finding the global minimum of multidimensional functions is widely applicable to numerous problems in the modern world. Many algorithms have been proposed to address these problems, among which genetic algorithms and their variants are particularly notable. Their popularity is due to their exceptional performance in solving optimization problems and their adaptability to various types of problems. However, genetic algorithms require significant computational resources and time, prompting the need for parallel techniques. Moving in this research direction, a new global optimization method is presented here that exploits the use of parallel computing techniques in genetic algorithms. This innovative method employs autonomous parallel computing units that periodically share the optimal solutions they discover. Increasing the number of computational threads, coupled with solution exchange techniques, can significantly reduce the number of calls to the objective function, thus saving computational power. Also, a stopping rule is proposed that takes advantage of the parallel computational environment. The proposed method was tested on a broad array of benchmark functions from the relevant literature and compared with other global optimization techniques regarding its efficiency.