bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-Based Stress and Procedural Justice: Can Transparency Mitigate the Effects of Algorithmic Compensation in Gig Work?
Authors: Semujanga Benjamin , Parent-Rocheleau Xavier
Published: January 2024

The gig economy has led to a new management style, using algorithms to automate managerial decisions. Algorithmic management has aroused the interest of researchers, particularly regarding the prevalence of precarious working conditions and the health issues related to gig work. Despite algorithmically driven remuneration mechanisms’ influence on work conditions, few studies have focused on the compensation dimension of algorithmic management. We investigate the effects of algorithmic compensation on gig workers in relation to perceptions of procedural justice and time-based stress, two important predictors of work-related health problems. Also, this study examines the moderating effect of algorithmic transparency in these relationships. Survey data were collected from 962 gig workers via a research panel. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show that the degree of exposure to algorithmic compensation is positively related to time-based stress. However, contrary to our expectations, algorithmic compensation is also positively associated with procedural justice perceptions and our results indicate that this relation is enhanced at higher levels of perceived algorithmic transparency. Furthermore, transparency does not play a role in the relationship between algorithmic compensation and time-based stress. These findings suggest that perceived algorithmic transparency makes algorithmic compensation even fairer but does not appear to make it less stressful.
Acute Antiplatelet Effects of an Oleocanthal-Rich Olive Oil in Type II Diabetic Patients: A Postprandial Study
Authors: Katsa Maria Efthymia , Ketselidi Kleopatra , Kalliostra Marianna , Ioannidis Anastasios , Rojas Gil Andrea Paola , Diamantakos Panagiotis , Melliou Eleni , Magiatis Prokopios , Nomikos Tzortzis
Published: January 2024

Postprandial dysmetabolism is a common entity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and may act as a daily stressor of the already dysfunctional diabetic platelets. This study aims to investigate whether oleocanthal-rich olive oils (OO), incorporated into a carbohydrate-rich meal, can affect postprandial dysmetabolism and platelet aggregation. Oleocanthal is a cyclooxygenase inhibitor with putative antiplatelet properties. In this randomized, single-blinded, crossover study, ten T2DM patients consumed five isocaloric meals containing 120 g white bread combined with: (i) 39 g butter, (ii) 39 g butter and 400 mg ibuprofen, (iii) 40 mL OO (phenolic content < 10 mg/Kg), (iv) 40 mL OO with 250 mg/Kg oleocanthal and (v) 40 mL OO with 500 mg/Kg oleocanthal. Metabolic markers along with ex vivo ADP- and thrombin receptor-activating peptide (TRAP)-induced platelet aggregation were measured before and for 4 h after the meals. The glycemic and lipidemic response was similar between meals. However, a sustained (90–240 min) dose-dependent reduction in platelets’ sensitivity to both ADP (50–100%) and TRAP (20–50%) was observed after the oleocanthal meals in comparison to OO or butter meals. The antiplatelet effect of the OO containing 500 mg/Kg oleocanthal was comparable to that of the ibuprofen meal. In conclusion, the consumption of meals containing oleocanthal-rich OO can reduce platelet activity during the postprandial period, irrespective of postprandial hyperglycemia and lipidemia.
Real-Time Object Localization Using a Fuzzy Controller for a Vision-Based Drone
Authors: Wang Ping-Sheng , Lin Chien-Hung , Chuang Cheng-Ta
Published: January 2024

This study proposes a drone system with visual identification and tracking capabilities to address the issue of limited communication bandwidth for drones. This system can lock onto a target during flight and transmit its simple features to the ground station, thereby reducing communication bandwidth demands. RealFlight is used as the simulation environment to validate the proposed drone algorithm. The core components of the system include DeepSORT and MobileNet lightweight models for target tracking. The designed fuzzy controller enables the system to adjust the drone’s motors, gradually moving the locked target to the center of the frame and maintaining continuous tracking. Additionally, this study introduces channel and spatial reliability tracking (CSRT) switching from multi-object to single-object tracking and multithreading technology to enhance the system’s execution speed. The experimental results demonstrate that the system can accurately adjust the target to the frame’s center within approximately 1.5 s, maintaining precision within ±0.5 degrees. On the Jetson Xavier NX embedded platform, the average frame rate (FPS) for the multi-object tracker was only 1.37, with a standard deviation of 1.05. In contrast, the single-object tracker CSRT exhibited a significant improvement, achieving an average FPS of 9.77 with a standard deviation of 1.86. This study provides an effective solution for visual tracking in drone systems that is efficient and conserves communication bandwidth. The validation of the embedded platform highlighted its practicality and performance.
Innovative Approaches to Monitor Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSIs) Bundle Efficacy in Intensive Care Unit (ICU): Role of Device Standardized Infection Rate (dSIR) and Standardized Utilization Ratio (SUR)—An Italian Experience
Authors: Boni Silvia , Sartini Marina , Del Puente Filippo , Adriano Giulia , Blasi Vacca Elisabetta , Bobbio Nicoletta , Carbone Alessio , Feasi Marcello , Grasso Viviana , Lattuada Marco , Nelli Mauro , Oliva Martino , Parisini Andrea , Prinapori Roberta , Santarsiero Maria Carmela , Tigano Stefania , Cristina Maria Luisa , Pontali Emanuele
Published: January 2024

In several settings, the COVID-19 pandemic determined a negative impact on the occurrence of healthcare-associated infection, particularly for on central lines associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). In our setting, we observed a significant increase in CLABSI in our intensive care unit (ICU) during 2020 and 2021 vs. 2018 to 2019. A refresher training activity on central venous catheter (CVC) management bundles was carried out in September–October 2021 for the ICU health staff. We assessed the impact of bundle implementation by means of standardized indicators, such as the Device Utilization Ratio (DUR), in this case, the Central Line Utilization Ratio, the Standardized Utilization Ratio (SUR), and the device Standardized Infection Ratio (dSIR). Standardized ratios for device use and infection ratio were computed using data from 2018 and 2019 as expectation data. After bundle implementation, we observed a significant reduction of dSIR (p < 0.001), which dropped from 3.23 and 2.99 in the 2020–2021 biennium to 1.11 in 2022 (CLABSI in the first quarter only); no more CLABSI were observed afterwards. Standardized ratios proved helpful in identify increasing trends of CLABSI in the ICU and monitoring the impact of a simple effective tool, i.e., training on and implementation of a bundle for CVC management.
The Clinical Course of Paranasal Sinus Mucocoeles—A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Gokani Shyam , Kumaresan Kala , Adari Sushritha , Ergisi Mehmet , Oludeye Oladapo , Jegatheeswaran Lavandan , Philpott Carl
Published: January 2024

Paranasal sinus mucocoeles can be secondary to chronic rhinosinusitis and can result in intra-orbital and intra-cranial complications requiring surgical management. The natural history of conservatively managed mucocoeles is not well established. We aimed to quantify the proportion of radiologically identified paranasal sinus mucocoeles resulting in complications over 10 years. We retrospectively reviewed anonymised data on radiologically diagnosed mucocoeles between 2011 and 2021 at two UK hospitals. We collected data on age at presentation, extent of sinus involvement, management and complications. We identified 60 patients with mucocoeles, of which 35 (58%) were incidental findings from radiological investigations. The mean age was 58 years. Fifteen patients (25%) were managed surgically and one presented with recurrence following surgery. Overall, six patients (10%) had an intra-orbital extension of their mucocoele and three (5%) had an intra-cranial extension. There was no difference in the rates of intra-cranial extension between conservative and surgical cases but surgical cases included a higher rate of intra-orbital extensions (27% vs. 4%, p = 0.01). The proportion of patients requiring surgical intervention in this study is low. Incidental and asymptomatic mucocoeles have a relatively benign disease course and selected uncomplicated cases can be considered for conservative management with serial scanning at 12 months.
Factors Predicting Subjective Satisfaction for Successful Hearing Aid Adaptation
Authors: Jang Jeong Hun , Ha Jungho , Choo Oak-Sung , Kang Young Sook , Park Hun Yi , Choung Yun-Hoon
Published: January 2024

(1) Background: For successful hearing aid (HA) use during daily life, an objective parameter reflecting the subjective satisfaction is required. We explored the aided hearing status, hearing in noise test (HINT) scores, and subjective outcomes to predict performance improvements in everyday living. (2) Methods: A total of 406 patients with hearing loss (HL) who were prescribed HAs were included and were divided into two groups according to the symmetricity of HL. The relationship between audiometric data and subjective questionnaires under unaided and aided (3 months) conditions were investigated. (3) Results: Patients with symmetric HL showed a significant HINT signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) change and significant increase in their subjective satisfaction questionnaire score under the bilateral HA condition. On the other hand, the HINT SNR change and subjective questionnaire score showed various significances according to the side of HA (better or worse hearing) in asymmetric HL HINT SNR and was significantly correlated with the subjective questionnaire score in symmetric HL patients and AHL patients with unilateral HA in their better ear. (4) Conclusions: The HINT SNR improvement after long-term HA use could be an effective tool for predicting the subjective satisfaction of HA use and HA validation.
Systematic Review of Auditory Training Outcomes in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients and Meta-Analysis of Outcomes
Authors: Dornhoffer James R. , Chidarala Shreya , Patel Terral , Khandalavala Karl R. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Schvartz-Leyzac Kara C. , Dubno Judy R. , Carlson Matthew L. , Moberly Aaron C. , McRackan Theodore R.
Published: January 2024

Objective: to review evidence on the efficacy of auditory training in adult cochlear implant recipients. Data Sources: PRISMA guidelines for a systematic review of the literature were followed. PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were queried on 29 June 2023 for terms involving cochlear implantation and auditory training. Studies were limited to the English language and adult patient populations. Study Selection: Three authors independently reviewed publications for inclusion in the review based on a priori inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria encompassed adult cochlear implant populations, an analysis of clinician- or patient-directed auditory training, and an analysis of one or more measures of speech recognition and/or patient-reported outcome. Exclusion criteria included studies with only pediatric implant populations, music or localization training in isolation, and single-sample case studies. Data Extraction: The data were collected regarding study design, patient population, auditory training modality, auditory training timing, speech outcomes, and data on the durability of outcomes. A quality assessment of the literature was performed using a quality metric adapted from the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group guidelines. Data Synthesis and Meta-Analysis: Data were qualitatively summarized for 23 studies. All but four studies demonstrated significant improvement in at least one measured or patient-reported outcome measure with training. For 11 studies with sufficient data reporting, pre-intervention and post-intervention pooled means of different outcome measures were compared for 132 patients using meta-analysis. Patient-direct training was associated with significant improvement in vowel-phoneme recognition and speech recognition in noise (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), and clinician-directed training showed significant improvement in sentence recognition in noise (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The literature on auditory training for adult cochlear implant recipients is limited and heterogeneous, including a small number of studies with limited levels of evidence and external validity. However, the current evidence suggests that auditory training can improve speech recognition in adult cochlear implant recipients.
Efficacy and Safety of Upadacitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Real-Life Experience from a Prospective Longitudinal Multicentric Study
Authors: Baldi Caterina , Parisi Simone , Falsetti Paolo , Sota Jurgen , Ditto Maria Chiara , Capassoni Marco , D’alessandro Miriana , Conticini Edoardo , Nacci Francesca , Peroni Clara Lisa , Cometi Laura , Fusaro Enrico , Frediani Bruno , Guiducci Serena
Published: January 2024

Background: We provide the first prospective longitudinal multicenter experience on Upadacitinib efficacy and safety profile in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in a real-life context, focusing on clinimetric and ultrasonographic (US) data. Methods: RA patients referred to three Italian tertiary Centers who started Upadacitinib were enrolled as per ACR/EULAR classification criteria and prospectively reviewed. The primary aim of this study was to assess changes in clinimetric and ultrasonographic scores through time (at baseline, after 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months from the beginning of the therapy). Secondary aims were to: (i) estimate the impact of biologic lines of treatment and concomitant therapies on response to therapy; (ii) explore changes in laboratory parameters; and (iii) find potential predictive factors associated with response to therapy. Results: Seventy-one patients (49 Females and 22 Males) were included. Clinimetric scores, including the Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP) and Simplified Clinical Disease Activity Index (SDAI), and US findings (synovial hypertrophy and power Doppler) significantly improved (p = 0.029, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between the concomitant csDMARDs therapy at baseline and the lack of improvement in synovial hypertrophy [OR −4.824, p = 0.010] as well as with DAS28-CRP [OR −0.690, p = 0.045], whereas the presence of increased ESR or CRP at baseline was able to predict a significant improvement in SDAI [OR 8.481, p = 0.003]. No adverse events, such as deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, or herpes zoster virus infection, were reported during this study observation. Conclusion: Our real-life experience confirms the efficacy of Upadacitinib in terms of clinical and ultrasonographic improvement, as well as displaying a good safety profile.
Clinical Utility of Baseline Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels on Health Status Outcomes after Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals without Heart Failure
Authors: Kashimura Shin , Ikemura Nobuhiro , Kohsaka Shun , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Takehiro , Shinmura Daisuke , Fukumoto Kotaro , Negishi Koji , Ueda Ikuko , Takatsuki Seiji , Ieda Masaki
Published: January 2024

Background: Catheter ablation (CA) benefits atrial fibrillation (AF) patients with heart failure (HF). Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of left-ventricular pressure load, may serve as a potential surrogate for predicting quality of life (QOL) in a broader range of patients. Methods: Within the multicenter KiCS-AF registry, 491 AF patients underwent CA without clinical HF (e.g., documented history of HF, left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, or BNP levels ≥ 100 pg/mL). Participants, aged 61 ± 10 years, were categorized by baseline BNP quartiles. Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaire assessments were assessed at baseline and 1 year. Results: A lower baseline BNP correlated with reduced AFEQT scores. Post CA, all groups showed significant AFEQT score improvements. The lower-BNP group displayed notable enhancements (18.2 ± 1.2, 15.0 ± 1.1, 12.6 ± 1.2, 13.6 ± 1.2, p < 0.005), especially in symptom and treatment concern areas. Even those with normal BNP levels (≤18.4 pg/mL) exhibited significant QOL improvements. Comparing paroxysmal AF (PAF) and non-PAF groups, the PAF group, especially with higher BNP levels, showed greater AFEQT score improvements. Conclusions: This study establishes BNP as a predictive marker for QOL enhancement in non-HF patients undergoing CA for AF. BNP levels represent AF stages, with individuals in earlier stages, especially within normal BNP levels, experiencing greater QOL improvements.
A Systematic Review and an Updated Meta-Analysis of Fenestrated/Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair of Chronic Post-Dissection Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Mylonas Spyridon N. , Aras Tuna , Dorweiler Bernhard
Published: January 2024

The objective of this study is to present the current outcomes of fenestrated/branched endovascular repair (F/BEVAR) for post-dissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (PDTAAAs). A systematic review of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines up to October 2023 was conducted (protocol CRD42023473403). Studies were included if ≥10 patients were reported and at least one of the major outcomes was stated. A total of 10 studies with 585 patients overall were included. The pooled estimate for technical success was 94.3% (95% CI 91.4% to 96.2%). Permanent paraplegia developed with a pooled rate of 2.5% (95% CI 1.5% to 4.3%), whereas a cerebrovascular event developed with a pooled rate of 1.6% (95% CI 0.8% to 3.0%). An acute renal function impairment requiring new-onset dialysis occurred with a pooled rate of 2.0% (95% CI 1.0% to 3.8%). Postoperative respiratory failure was observed with a pooled estimate of 5.5% (95% CI 3.8% to 8.1%). The pooled estimate for 12-month overall survival was 90% (95% CI 85% to 93.5%), and the pooled estimates for 24-month and 36-month survival were 87.8% (95% CI 80.9% to 92.5%) and 85.5% (95% CI 76.5% to 91.5%), respectively. Freedom from reintervention was estimated at 83.9% (95% CI 75.9% to 89.6%) for 12 months, 82.8% (95% CI 68.7% to 91.4%) for 24 months and 76.1% (95% CI 60.6% to 86.8%) for 36 months. According to the present findings, F/BEVAR can be performed in PD-TAAAs with high rates of technical success and good mid-term results.
Retrograde Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Miller Mattea E. , Lina Ioan , Akst Lee M.
Published: January 2024

Retrograde cricopharyngeal dysfunction (RCPD), also referred to as retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction, is a condition characterized by the inability to burp. The pathophysiology of this condition is thought to result from failure of cricopharyngeal sphincter relaxation during periods of esophageal distension, which leads to patients’ bothersome symptoms. RCPD negatively impacts patients’ quality of life and is associated with bloating, gurgling, avoidance of carbonation, self-imposed dietary and lifestyle changes designed to minimize discomfort, and flatulence. Complaints often start during adolescence, and many patients search for a diagnosis for years before obtaining treatment. A recent increase in awareness through patient-led social media discussion boards describing the ’no burp‘ syndrome is leading to an increasing incidence of presentations, often with patients making a self-diagnosis. The increased incidence of RCPD is fueling a larger case series investigating treatment options and outcomes. In this review, we discuss what is known about the pathophysiology of this condition, the otolaryngologic perspective on diagnosis and treatment, the patients’ lived experience of this condition, and the influence of social media on RCPD.
Body Shape Analysis in Reticulated Giraffe, Okapi, and Black Rhinoceros Using Three-Dimensional Laser Measurements
Authors: Kido Nobuhide , Tanaka Sohei , Wada Yuko , Oura Atsushi , Ochiai Emi , Morita Natsumi , Kawaguchi Yoshiya , Itabashi Masanori , Munakata Takanori
Published: January 2024

Health management in captive animals is difficult for various unknown reasons presumably related to physiological functions, disease, and diet. Generally, abnormal conditions are diagnosed based on body weight; however, zoos lack appropriate scales for megafauna. Body shape evaluation is often used to evaluate the nutritional status of breeding animals; however, this is inaccurate for zoo animals because of inter-observer variability, especially in megafauna. Previously, three-dimensional laser measurements were used to analyse body shape of reticulated giraffe, but further studies are required to examine its effectiveness in more individuals, and other species. Here, we applied this method to seven reticulated giraffe (Giraffa reticulata), five okapi (Okapia johnstoni), and three black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) individuals for which cross-sectional area, width, and height in transverse section were determined. Relative change rates of each variable in relation to measurements at the axillary region revealed changes in body shape for each individual. Further, scatter plots and corresponding fitted curves and correlation coefficients showed a correlation between body length and approximate volume. The accuracy of three-dimensional laser measurements was demonstrated in three animal species, whereby we propose its use as an alternative method to evaluate body shape in megafauna without the inter-observer variability. In addition, this handheld device may be applied for various zoos without the scale for megafauna.
Urban Parks Quality Assessment Using Multi-Dimension Indicators in Chengdu, China
Authors: Zhang Sining , Song Haoxiang , Li Xiaopeng , Luo Shixian
Published: January 2024

High-quality urban parks are considered an integral part of health resources as they can deliver diverse ecosystem services. However, the quality of parks is not always similar, resulting in different levels and values of the services provided. A systematic and complete assessment frame of urban park quality is limited. From the perspective of landscape architecture and design, this study aims to propose a comprehensive assessment framework of urban park quality based on six dimensions (planning and design, cultural services, complete and various facilities, landscape planting, landscape management, and landscape ecology), consisting of 27 indicators with different weights by using the objective and subjective weighting method. Taking the city of Chengdu, China as a case study, 100 urban parks are studied via field investigation and scored using methods that consist of a category count, existence score, field measurement, experts score, and photo review and recheck (13,589 images). The results reveal the spatial distribution and differences in park quality, including six quality dimensions and five districts, and the proportion of the existing quality elements in 100 parks. Based on the results, the spatial areas (Barren area, Low-quality area, Medium-quality area, and High-quality area) are identified, which leads to the establishment of the improvement strategies of spatial equity regarding multi-quality parks. The results can help improve the assessment index system of urban parks, guide the landscape planning and design of urban parks for sustainability, as well as provide a reference for future environmental and social equity development, so as to provide insight and reference for decision-makers and designers considering the landscape planning and design of parks.
Participatory Design of Urban Green Spaces to Improve Residents’ Health
Authors: Oosterbroek Bram , de Kraker Joop , Akkermans Sandra , Esser Paola , Martens Pim
Published: January 2024

Urban green space (UGS) has important impacts on human health, but an integrated participatory approach to UGS design for improved residents’ health has been lacking to date. The aim of our study was to develop and evaluate such a novel approach to address this gap. The approach was developed following guiding principles from the literature and tested with groups of children and elderly as participants in two neighborhoods of Maastricht (The Netherlands) with a low score in economic and health indicators. The novel aspects of the approach are the inclusion of both positive and negative health effects, the combination of resident self-assessment and model-based assessment of the health effects of UGS designs, and the use of maps to visualize UGS designs and health effects. The participant-generated UGS designs resulted in a considerable (up to fourfold) self-assessed increase in the use of the UGSs for meeting, stress reduction, and leisure-based physical activity as compared to the current situation. The model-assessed positive and negative health effects of the participant-generated UGS designs were limited: heat stress slightly decreased (by 0.1 °C), active transport slightly increased (by 30 m per day), and the perceived unsafety slightly increased (8%). The effects on unattractive views, air pollution, tick bite risk, and traffic unsafety were negligible. The major strength of this approach is that it combines active participation of residents in UGS (re)design with assessment of the health effects of these UGS designs. While in other participatory approaches to UGS design, it often remains unclear whether the resulting designs represent an improvement in terms of health, our combination of computer model-based assessment and a participatory process produced clear outcomes regarding the health benefits and use of UGS designs. A major recommendation for improvement is to involve decision makers already in the initial steps of the approach.
Recent Updates Regarding the Antiproliferative Activity of Galium verum Extracts on A375 Human Malignant Melanoma Cell Line
Authors: Semenescu Alexandra-Denisa , Moacă Elena-Alina , Iftode Andrada , Dehelean Cristina-Adriana , Tchiakpe-Antal Diana-Simona , Vlase Laurian , Rotunjanu Slavita , Muntean Delia , Chiriac Sorin Dan , Chioibaş Raul
Published: January 2024

The biological activity of Galium verum herba was exerted on various tumor cell lines with incredible results, but their potential effect on malignant melanoma has not been established yet. Therefore, the current study was structured in two directions: (i) the investigation of the phytochemical profile of diethyl ether (GvDEE) and butanol (GvBuOH) extracts of G. verum L. and (ii) the evaluation of their biological profile on A375 human malignant melanoma cell line. The GvDEE extract showed an FT-IR profile different from the butanol one, with high antioxidant capacity (EC50 of GvDEE = 0.12 ± 0.03 mg/mL > EC50 of GvBuOH = 0.18 ± 0.05 mg/mL). The GvDEE extract also showed antimicrobial potential, especially against Gram-positive bacteria strains, compared to the butanol extract, which has no antimicrobial activity against any bacterial strain tested. The results regarding the antitumor potential showed that both extracts decreased A375 cell viability largely (69% at a dose of 55 µg/mL of the GvDEE extract). Moreover, both extracts induce nuclear fragmentation by forming apoptotic bodies and slight chromatin condensation, which is more intense for GvDEE. Considering the results, one can state that the Galium verum herba possesses antitumor effects on the A375 human malignant melanoma cell line, a promising phytocompound for the antitumor approach to skin cancer.
5,5′-Bis[9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bithiazole
Authors: Kalogirou Andreas S. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: January 2024

Stille coupling between 5,5′-dibromo-4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bithiazole and 9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(tributylstannyl)-9H-carbazole in the presence of Pd(Ph3P)2Cl2 in toluene, heated at reflux for 2 h, gave 5,5′-bis[9-(2-ethylhexyl)-9H-carbazol-3-yl]-4,4′-diphenyl-2,2′-bithiazole in 85% yield.
Ecofriendly Preparation of Rosmarinic Acid-poly(vinyl alcohol) Biofilms Using NADES/DES, Ultrasounds and Optimization via a Mixture-Process Design Strategy
Authors: Campanella Beatrice , Simoncini Mattia , Passaglia Elisa , Cicogna Francesca , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , González-Rivera José , Bernazzani Luca , Bramanti Emilia
Published: January 2024

Green chemistry emphasizes the isolation of biologically active compounds from plants and biomass to produce renewable, bio-based products and materials through sustainability and circularity-driven innovation processes. In this work, we have investigated the extraction of rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic acid with several biological properties, from aromatic herbs using ultrasounds and low environmental risk natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES). Various solvent mixtures have been investigated, and the parameters influencing the process have been studied by a mixture-process experimental design to identify the optimal RA extraction conditions. The extraction yield has been calculated by HPLC-diode array analysis. The lactic acid:ethylene glycol mixture using an ultrasound-assisted process has been found to be the most versatile solvent system, giving RA yields 127–160% higher than hydroalcoholic extraction (70% ethanol). The deep eutectic solvent nature of lactic acid:ethylene glycol has been demonstrated for the first time by multi-technique characterization (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR, DSC, and W absorption properties). The aqueous raw extract has been directly incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) to obtain films with potential antibacterial properties for applications in the field of food and pharmaceutical packaging.
Predicting the Elastic Modulus of Recycled Concrete Considering Material Nonuniformity: Mesoscale Numerical Method
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zhu Xuejun , Zhou Mingyuan , Huang Xianwen
Published: January 2024

The evaluation of the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is one of the focuses of civil engineering and structural engineering, which is not only related to the stability of building structures but also related to the resource utilization of concrete. Therefore, based on the IRSM method in mesoscale, a novel model for predicting the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is proposed which has the advantages of being low-cost and high-precision, amongst others, compared to theoretical and experimental methods. Then, the influence of coarse aggregate, contact surface, gelling material, and air bubbles on the elastic modulus of recycled concrete is studied. The IRSM model includes four processes: Identification, Reconstruction, Simulation, and Monte Carlo, which can accurately reconstruct the geometric characteristics of coarse aggregate, efficiently reconstruct the coarse aggregate accumulation model, and quickly analyze the elastic modulus of concrete, as well as fully consider the nonuniform characteristics of coarse aggregate distribution and shape. Compared with the experimental results, the error is less than 5%, which verifies the rationality of the IRSM method. The results of the parametric analysis show that the influence of each factor on the elastic modulus of concrete in descending order is elastic modulus of cement, elastic modulus of coarse aggregate, content of coarse aggregate, content of air voids, elastic modulus of contacting surface, and thickness of contacting surface, and the corresponding Pearson’s Coefficients are 0.688, 0.427, 0.412, −0.269, 0.188, and −0.061, respectively, in which the content of air voids and thickness of contact surface have a negative effect on the elastic modulus of concrete. These influences mainly affect the deformation resistance (elastic modulus) of concrete through “force chain” adjustment, including the force transfer effect, number of paths, and integrity.
Effects of Adsorption and Desorption of Low-Boiling-Point Total Hydrocarbon Gases on Activated Carbon
Authors: Lee Hye-Jin , Park Jung-Eun , Hong Bum-Ui
Published: January 2024

In this study, we selected materials that efficiently adsorb total hydrocarbons (THCs) from petrochemical storage facilities and applied four types of activated carbons to adsorb THCs to evaluate their properties. Four gases with low boiling points, namely, ethylene, ethane, propylene, and propane, generated via petrochemical storage facilities, were selected and mixed to a constant concentration with four types of materials and used to investigate the adsorption capacities and desorption properties. The adsorbents comprised two raw materials and two chemically activated materials. The specific surface areas of activated palm (2085 m2/g) and coal (1752 m2/g), which are chemically activated carbons, exhibited a twofold increase compared to those of raw palm (1232 m2/g) and coal (946 m2/g). Thus, we identified the correlations between the physical properties of the activated carbon adsorption materials and their adsorption capacities for four low-boiling-point THCs generated by petrochemical storage facilities.
Translucency and Strength of Lithium Disilicate for Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing at Different Thermal Temperatures and Thicknesses: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Li Chong-Yang , Jeong Kyung-So , Shin Jae-Seob , Shim Ji-Suk , Ryu Jae-Jun
Published: January 2024

To manufacture dental restorations composed of lithium disilicate (LD) through the computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) process, thermal refinement is an essential process that can affect the optical and mechanical properties of ceramics. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the translucency and flexural strength of lithium disilicate glass–ceramic for CAD/CAM using different thermal refinement schedules and thicknesses by measuring the total transmission of light through the specimen and calculating the peak load of the specimen until fracture in a piston-on-three-ball test, respectively. The results showed that a lower translucency was exhibited in thicker specimens, and the flexural strength decreased in the order of 1.0, 0.5, and 2.0 mm (p < 0.05). The lithium disilicates thermally refined at a heat of 820 degrees were shown to have the highest biaxial flexural strength (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that it is possible to adjust transparency and strength according to the clinical situation by choosing an appropriate thickness and thermal refinement process.
What Do the Regulators Mean? A Taxonomy of Regulatory Principles for the Use of AI in Financial Services
Authors: Pamuk Mustafa , Schumann Matthias , Nickerson Robert C.
Published: January 2024

The intended automation in the financial industry creates a proper area for artificial intelligence usage. However, complex and high regulatory standards and rapid technological developments pose significant challenges in developing and deploying AI-based services in the finance industry. The regulatory principles defined by financial authorities in Europe need to be structured in a fine-granular way to promote understanding and ensure customer safety and the quality of AI-based services in the financial industry. This will lead to a better understanding of regulators’ priorities and guide how AI-based services are built. This paper provides a classification pattern with a taxonomy that clarifies the existing European regulatory principles for researchers, regulatory authorities, and financial services companies. Our study can pave the way for developing compliant AI-based services by bringing out the thematic focus of regulatory principles.
Accuracy Examination of the Fourier Series Approximation for Almost Limiting Gravity Waves on Deep Water
Authors: Chen Yang-Yih , Chang Hsien-Kuo
Published: January 2024

A permanent gravity wave propagating on deep water is a classic mathematical problem. However, the Fourier series approximation (FSA) based on the physical plane was examined to be valid for almost waves at all depths. The accuracy of the FSA for almost-limiting gravity waves remains unevaluated, which is the purpose of this study. We calculate some physical properties of almost-limiting waves on deep water using the FSA and compare them with other studies on the complex plane. The comparison results show that the closer the wave is, the greater the difference. We find that the main reason for this difference is that the wave profile in the FSA retains an original implicit form and is not represented by Fourier series. Therefore, the kinematic and dynamic conditions of the free surface around the wave crest cannot be satisfied at the same time.
Esthetic Surgery of the Chin in Cis- and Transgender Patients—Application of T-Genioplasty vs. Single-Piece Segment Lateralization
Authors: Pokrowiecki Rafał , Šufliarsky Barbora , Jagielak Maciej
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Correction of lower face asymmetry still remains challenging in maxillofacial surgery. This report describes techniques for the lateral transposition of the symphyseal segment to restore lower face symmetry while maintaining gender-related features in cis- and transgender patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of 31 patients who attended for esthetic corrective surgery after orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic treatment, or during facial feminization of the lower face between June 2021 and June 2023 was performed. Result: All patients underwent lateralization genioplasty (with or without advancement or setback), either with or without narrowing T-osteotomy supplemented with necessary procedures in order to obtain proper facial balance and desired esthetical effects, such as bichectomy, liposuction, and face and neck lift. The mean asymmetry of the chin was 5.15 mm and was surgically corrected either by single segment lateralization or T-shape narrowing genioplasty depending on the gender and esthetical requirements. No complications were reported. Conclusions: Lateral shift genioplasty serves as a powerful tool in primary and secondary corrective surgery for lower face asymmetry that maintains gender-specific facial features. It may serve either as an additive to orthodontic camouflage or a way to correct previous orthognathic surgery pitfalls. The surgeon performing esthetic genioplasty associated with gender-specific expectations must be trained in facelift and facial liposculpting techniques in order to provide the best results and properly choose the right procedures for the right patients.
Effect of Pethidine Injection on the Duration of Labor and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cho Eun Byeol , Chae Hyun Joo , Ryu Jung Min , Lee Hyo Jin , Hong Seong Yeon , Bae Jin Young
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Long and ineffective labor causes hardships for mothers and doctors and increases the rate of cesarean sections and medical comorbidities. Several factors contribute to effective and less painful labor, including maternal age, parity, fetal characteristics, and the medications or procedures that obstetricians use for labor. We aimed to study the factors that affect labor duration and identify those that make labor more effective. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 141 patients who underwent normal vaginal deliveries at the Daegu Catholic University Medical Center between April 2013 and April 2022. Among the 141 patients, 44 received pethidine intravenously, 88 received oxytocin intravenously, and 64 received epidural anesthesia. The duration of the active phase and second stage of labor were recorded according to the findings of a manual examination of the cervix and continuous external electronic monitoring. We analyzed maternal and neonatal medical records and performed binomial logistic regression to identify the factors associated with a shorter active phase of labor. The clinical outcomes in mothers and neonates were also evaluated. Results: Among the various clinical factors, multiparity (odds ratio of parity 0.325) and the use of pethidine (odds ratio 2.906) were significantly associated with shortening the active phase of labor to less than 60 min. The use of epidural anesthesia or oxytocin was not significantly associated with reducing the active phase of labor. When patients were divided into two groups based on whether a pethidine injection had been used during labor, the duration of the active phase was shorter in the pethidine injection group than in the control group for both nulliparas and multiparas. No significant differences in the duration of the second stage of labor were observed between the pethidine injection and control groups. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcomes, including the need for mechanical ventilation of neonates, Apgar scores, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, number of precipitous deliveries, maternal adverse side effects of drugs, or duration of maternal hospitalization between the two groups. Conclusions: Pethidine can be safely administered to women during labor to help reduce the duration of the active phase by promoting dilatation of the cervix and preventing complications that may result from prolonged labor. Pethidine may be helpful, especially for those who cannot receive epidural anesthesia or who cannot afford it. However, large-scale randomized controlled studies are required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this drug during labor. Furthermore, it would be helpful if various studies were conducted depending on the timing of administration and indications for delivery.
Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients on Hemodialysis: The Prognostic Value of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score
Authors: Tourountzis Theodoros , Lioulios Georgios , Stasini Fotini , Skarlatou Zoi , Stai Stamatia , Christodoulou Michalis , Moysidou Eleni , Ginikopoulou Evdoxia , Stangou Maria
Published: January 2024

Background and Objectives: Cardiovascular events are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients on hemodialysis (HD). Identifying risk factors can help in the effort to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve life expectancy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the CHA2DS2-VASc score—the risk index of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF)—to predict strokes, major cardiovascular events, and mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Materials and Methods: The CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores (the bleeding risk from the use of anticoagulation in AF) were calculated in 237 HD patients, 99 women with a median age of 76 (15) years, at the time they commenced HD. The scores’ ability to predict long term cardiovascular morbidity and mortality was estimated, both in those with and without AF. Among the exclusion criteria were the change of dialysis method or loss of follow-up, HD due to acute renal failure, and incompliance with medical instructions, thus the sample is not representative of a broader population. Results: The CHA2DS2-VASc score was higher in AF (n = 69) compared to non-AF (n = 168) patients, 5 (2.5) vs. 4 (2), p < 0.0001, respectively. An increased CHA2DS2-VASc score was correlated with cardiovascular events, namely, heart failure (p = 0.007, p = 0.024), stroke (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001), and risk of all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001) in AF and non-AF groups, respectively. The C statistics indicated that the referred score showed modest discrimination in AF and non-AF patients on HD for heart failure, stroke, and all-cause mortality, however for cardiovascular mortality this was found only in the AF group. Conclusions: An increased CHA2DS2-VASc score at the time of HD initiation can predict strokes, heart failure, and all-cause mortality in HD patients independent of the presence of AF. The risk of cardiovascular mortality could only be predicted in patients with AF.
Short Chain Fatty Acids: Essential Weapons of Traditional Medicine in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Yao Yuan , Liu Yongchao , Xu Qiuyun , Mao Liming
Published: January 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease, mainly including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of IBD have been on the rise worldwide and have become a significant concern of health and a huge economic burden on patients. The occurrence and development of IBD involve a variety of pathogenic factors. The changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of this disease. SCFAs are important metabolites in the intestinal microbial environment, which are closely involved in regulating immune, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Changes in metabolite levels can reflect the homeostasis of the intestinal microflora. Recent studies have shown that SCFAs provide energy for host cells and intestinal microflora, shape the intestinal environment, and regulate the immune system, thereby regulating intestinal physiology. SCFAs can effectively reduce the incidence of enteritis, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, obesity, and diabetes, and also play an important role in maintaining the balance of energy metabolism (mainly glucose metabolism) and improving insulin tolerance. In recent years, many studies have shown that numerous decoctions and natural compounds of traditional Chinese medicine have shown promising therapeutic activities in multiple animal models of colitis and thus attracted increasing attention from scientists in the study of IBD treatment. Some of these traditional Chinese medicines or compounds can effectively alleviate colonic inflammation and clinical symptoms by regulating the generation of SCFAs. This study reviews the effects of various traditional Chinese medicines or bioactive substances on the production of SCFAs and their potential impacts on the severity of colonic inflammation. On this basis, we discussed the mechanism of SCFAs in regulating IBD-associated inflammation, as well as the related regulatory factors and signaling pathways. In addition, we provide our understanding of the limitations of current research and the prospects for future studies on the development of new IBD therapies by targeting SCFAs. This review may widen our understanding of the effect of traditional medicine from the view of SCFAs and their role in alleviating IBD animal models, thus contributing to the studies of IBD researchers.