bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The action of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the torus on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the 3-twist knot complement
Authors: Gelca Răzvan , Wang Hongwei
Published: May 2022

We determine the action of the Kauffman bracket skein algebra of the torus on the Kauffman bracket skein module of the complement of the 3-twist knot. The point is to study the relationship between knot complements and their boundary tori, an idea that has proved very fruitful in knot theory. We place this idea in the context of Chern–Simons theory, where such actions arose in connection with the computation of the noncommutative version of the A-polynomial that was defined by Frohman, the first author, and Lofaro, but they can also be interpreted as quantum mechanical systems. Our goal is to exhibit a detailed example in a part of Chern–Simons theory where examples are scarce.
HYDROTHERMAL TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON MAGNETIC AND FMR PROPERTIES OF HEMATITE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: LAFTA SADEQ H.
Published: May 2022

Investigation of the role of hydrothermal temperature on hematite nanoparticles structural, magnetic, and ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) properties was done. Ferric chloride and sodium hydroxide were used as the starting precursors. The hydrothermal temperature was varied in the range of 140–200∘C by a step of 20∘C. XRD, SEM, VSM, and FMR analyses were used to check the particles’ properties. The prevailing strongly phase was hematite with some small peaks related to other phases. A reduction in lattice constant and increase in the crystallite size to more than 27[Formula: see text]nm is observed. The particles’ morphology exhibited polygon particles down to spherical particles as the average particle size gets larger up to 45[Formula: see text]nm. The hysteresis loops showed unsaturated curves with rising coercivity up to 150Oe. The antiferromagnetism permeability, magnetization saturation, and dipole moment were found by Langevin fitting to the experimental hysteresis loops, where all of them have the same behavior represented by an initial drop followed by increase in their values. The FMR spectra are characterized by low intensities and low linewidths accompanied by very low blue shift in the resonance field. All samples showed Lorentzian distribution as checked by the Lorentz function. Landé [Formula: see text]-factor has values very close but less than 2 due to the effect of crystal field and particle magnetic moment variations.
Flow-Induced Vibration and Energy-Harvesting Performance Analysis for Parallelized Two Flutter-Mills Considering Span-Wise Plate Deformation with Geometrical Nonlinearity and Three-Dimensional Flow
Authors: Yamano Akio , Chiba Masakatsu
Published: May 2022

Recently, micro wind energy harvesting devices such as flutter-mills have received considerable attention. The advantage of a flutter-mill over conventional wind power generators is that it can be easily parallelized. They increase the output power, but exhibit highly complex characteristics because the power generation performance depends on the distance and phase lag of vibration among the flapping sheets. This study reports the modeling and numerical simulations of the flow-induced vibration for two parallelized sheets under uniform flow, by considering the geometrical nonlinearity of sheets and wake shedding from the trailing edge. We modeled the fluid–structure and energy harvesting circuit interaction between two flapping sheets using the unsteady vortex lattice method for fluid and finite element method for the sheets, considering three-dimensional flow and span-wise deformation, to understand the complex interaction between two flapping sheets. The proposed model was verified by evaluating its performance against the results of computational fluid dynamics analyses and existing literature. Additionally, we examined the relationships between the aspect ratio of the sheets, harvested power, and phase lag between two flapping sheets using our model. Moreover, we confirmed the span-wise deformation to appear at a large inlet flow under a large aspect ratio, whereas the phase lag was confirmed to converge during the anti-phase mode when the flapping mode shifted to a higher level. In addition, we modeled the effect of the electrical load in a power generator circuit as the equivalent damping parameter of the sheets. Subsequently, we evaluated the optimal damping parameter of the sheets, which is equivalent to the electrical load in a power generator circuit, to obtain the energy from the fluid, and simultaneously, the phase difference of the flapping sheets converged to the anti-phase. In particular, when the distance between the two sheets is the same as the sheet length, the power generation performance is better than that of the single sheet.
Exact Augmented Perpetual Manifolds Define Specifications for the Steady States of Similar Rigid Body Modes, a Corollary for Nonautonomous Systems
Authors: Georgiades Fotios
Published: May 2022

Recently, the perpetual points in mathematics have been defined. In mechanical systems, the perpetual points for linear and some nonlinear systems are associated with rigid body motions and they form the perpetual manifolds. The mechanical systems that admit perpetual manifolds of rigid body motions are called perpetual mechanical systems, and these systems are not limited to linear (with a zero natural frequency) only but also nonlinear systems are considered. The concept of perpetual manifold is extended to the augmented perpetual manifold that is defined in externally forced mechanical systems when all the accelerations are equal but not necessarily zero. A proved theorem defines the external forcing conditions that a mechanical, and also a structural system can have solutions described by the exact augmented perpetual manifolds, which are the rigid body motions. Herein a corollary is proved defining the conditions that the steady states of a mechanical and also a structural system are associated with rigid body motions. The internal forces corresponding to the structural elements of the original system are separated to these forces that are associated with a perpetual mechanical (structural) system and the rest forces, which are associated with boundary structural elements, as external forces are considered. The developed theory is applied in a nonlinear perpetual structural system for the design of four types of boundaries, linear, nonlinear smooth, nonsmooth, and nonlinear generalized forces boundaries, and the numerical results verified the developed theory. This design can be considered as a passive control method for vibration mitigation of mechanical and structural systems, since in the exact augmented perpetual manifolds all the inertia elements move without oscillations and the sum of their internal forces is zero. This work is rather significant in engineering since it can be used for the structural design of systems.
Refined Simulation of Cracked Reinforced Concrete Beams Based on Enhanced Bond-Based Peridynamics
Authors: Zhang Ning , Gu Quan , Xue Xin , Huang Surong , Du Rongshu
Published: May 2022

Peridynamics (PD) has been widely used in simulating the crack behaviors of brittle material due to its extraordinary capacity in analyzing deformations with discontinuities. In this paper, an enhanced bond-based peridynamics (BPD) model is proposed to study the crack behaviors of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. A modified nonlinear concrete bond model is presented to simulate the tensile-compressive softening and improve the model’s convergence. A novel steel bond model is developed considering the nonlinear behaviors in both axial and shear directions. A coupled axial–shear interaction (ASI) model is adopted to simulate the bond-slip behaviors between concrete and steel. Furthermore, reformulated BPD equilibrium equations are modified for implicit static analyses. A gradually weakening fictitious element (GWFE) approach is presented to improve the stability in implicitly solving the BPD equations. The algorithms are implemented in an open-source finite element (FE) software, OpenSees, for BPD analysis. Experiments are conducted for three RC beams with different shear span to depth ratios under concentrated vertical loads to verify the enhanced BPD model. The comparative studies are performed between experimental and simulated results, and nonlinear responses of RC beam are investigated, e.g. the responses of deflection-shear force, strain distribution on stirrups, the shear resistance, and the propagation of cracks. The results show that as the shear span-to-effective depth ratio increases, the capacity provided by RC beam decreases while stirrups gradually provide more capacity instead. It is also found that the yield deflection increases significantly with the growing shear span-to-effective depth ratio.
Fidelity-based purity and coherence for quantum states
Authors: Indrajith V. S. , Muthuganesan R. , Sankaranarayanan R.
Published: May 2022

Purity and coherence of a quantum state are recognized as useful resources for various information processing tasks. In this paper, we propose fidelity-based valid measure of purity and coherence monotone, and establish a relationship between them. This formulation of coherence is extended to quantum correlation relative to measurement. It is shown that under the measurement process, purity decreases and reaches a saturation.
Clique and Independence Number of Rough Co-Zero Divisor Graph and Its Applications in Analyzing a Twitter Data
Authors: Praba B. , Logeshwari M.
Published: May 2022

In view of this paper, we have defined Rough Co-zero divisor graph [Formula: see text] of a rough semiring [Formula: see text] for a given approximation space [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is nonempty finite set of objects and [Formula: see text] is an arbitrary equivalence relation on [Formula: see text]. It is proved that the Rough Co-zero divisor graph and the subgraph of Rough Ideal-based rough edge Cayley graph [Formula: see text] are complement to each other. Also the Clique number and Independence number of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are obtained. The developed concepts are illustrated with suitable examples. A sentiment analysis is also made using [Formula: see text] for a Twitter data.
Vaccination queueing system simulation
Authors: Stojkovikj Natasha , Stojanova Aleksandra , Lazarova Limonka Koceva , Miteva Marija , Redzepovska Pamela
Published: May 2022

In order to respond to different requirements in banks, airports, hospitals and other organizations, queueing models are used to help in managing and allocating of the resources. Because we live in the pandemic of COVID-19, mass vaccination is necessary for obtaining collective immunity. For mathematical modeling of the vaccination’s process, we use a queueing system as a useful tool for estimating of the capacity requirements and service time. For that purpose, we have made simulation in AnyLogic Simulation Modeling Software. In that simulation, the processes of the vaccination and revaccination are considered. Also, the capacity of queue, the capacity of system, the average waiting time in the queue and in the system are estimated.
Maximal regularity for evolution equations and application to the Stefan problem
Authors: Lukarevski Martin
Published: May 2022

Maximal regularity is a useful tool for solving abstract parabolic evolution equations. A variant of the one-phase quasistationary Stefan problem can be reduced to a single evolution equation. We approach this problem by maximal regularity and then apply an existence theorem for this type of evolution equation. We use as an assumption that one particular result on the solvability of a degenerate oblique derivative problem extends in an appropriate way.
Air pollution during COVID-19 pandemic: Exploration in the Bulgarian city of Stara Zagora using interrupted time series ARMA model
Authors: Ivanova Miroslava , Dospatliev Lilko
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 global pandemic has likely affected air quality due to extreme changes in human behavior. The aim of this paper is to explore the consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the air quality improvement in the Bulgarian city of Stara Zagora using Interrupted Time Series ARMA Model. After adjusting by meteorology and Sunday effect, the results confirm positive and significant effect immediately after the announcement of COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria and negative and significant trend in the levels for PM[Formula: see text] and O3. For the remaining CO and NO series of data, the estimate of the time series slope, i.e. the expected change in the concentration associated with a time unit increase is positive and significant. The temporal dynamics for each time series are reported by the ARMA coefficients: an ARMA(2,3) structure is estimated for O3 and NO, and an ARMA(1,1) is the best choice for CO while AR(5) for PM[Formula: see text]. Understanding how air pollution is affected during COVID-19 pandemic will contribute to future air quality management policies and human health.
On some stochastic applications to real-world problems
Authors: Nikolova Iveta , Yordzhev Krasimir , Peneva Ivelina
Published: May 2022

In addition to the deterministic models, the stochastic models are successfully used for mathematical description of real-world processes and phenomena. They use knowledge from the mathematical theories of probability and statistics to analyze specific properties of complex living systems. This paper considers some stochastic models of various processes and phenomena in genetics. Basic knowledge used in classical stochastic models is considered and applied to real problems from medical genetics with their solutions.
Exploiting Japanese–Chinese Cognates with Shared Private Representations for NMT
Authors: Li Zezhong , Ren Fuji , Sun Xiao , Huang Degen , Shi Piao
Published: May 2022

Neural machine translation has achieved remarkable progress over the past several years; however, little attention has been paid to machine translation (MT) between Japanese and Chinese, which share a large proportion of cognate words that can be utilized as additional linguistic knowledge to enhance translation performance. In this article, we seek to strengthen the semantic correlation between Japanese and Chinese by leveraging cognate words that share common Chinese characters. Specifically, we experiment with three strategies: (1) a shared vocabulary with cognate lexicon induction, which models the commonality between source and target cognates; (2) a shared private representation with a dynamic gating mechanism, which models the language-specific features on the source side; and (3) an embedding shortcut, which enables the decoder to access the shared private representation with shortest distance and aids the training process. The experiments and analysis presented in this article demonstrate that our proposed approaches can significantly improve the performance of both Japanese-to-Chinese and Chinese-to-Japanese translations and verify the effectiveness of exploiting Japanese–Chinese cognates for MT.
Motor Cooperation During Mitosis and Ciliogenesis
Authors: Ou Guangshuo , Scholey Jonathan M.
Published: May 2022

Cilia and mitotic spindles are microtubule (MT)-based, macromolecular machines that consecutively assemble and disassemble during interphase and M phase of the cell cycle, respectively, and play fundamental roles in how eukaryotic cells swim through a fluid, sense their environment, and divide to reproduce themselves. The formation and function of these structures depend on several types of cytoskeletal motors, notably MT-based kinesins and dyneins, supplemented by actin-based myosins, which may function independently or collaboratively during specific steps in the pathway of mitosis or ciliogenesis. System-specific differences in these pathways occur because, instead of conforming to a simple one motor–one function rule, ciliary and mitotic motors can be deployed differently by different cell types. This reflects the well-known influence of natural selection on basic molecular processes, creating diversity at subcellular scales. Here we review our current understanding of motor function and cooperation during the assembly–disassembly, maintenance, and functions of cilia and mitotic spindles.
The Ups and Downs of an Out-of-the-Box Scientist with a Curious Mind
Authors: Roossinck Marilyn J.
Published: May 2022

My early life was challenging, and not conducive to the study of science, but my first introduction to viruses was an epiphany for me. I spent the whole of my career dedicated to understanding viruses, driven largely by curiosity. This led me down many different avenues of study, and to work with many wonderful colleagues, most of whom remain friends. Some highlights of my career include the discovery of a mutualistic three-way symbiosis involving a virus, a fungus, and a plant; genetic mapping of a pathogenicity gene in tomato; uncovering a virus in 1,000-year-old corncobs; exploring virus biodiversity in wild plants; and establishing a system to use a fungal virus to understand the epidemiology of its host.
Durability Testing of Low-Iridium PEM Water Electrolysis Membrane Electrode Assemblies
Authors: Möckl Maximilian , Ernst Matthias F. , Kornherr Matthias , Allebrod Frank , Bernt Maximilian , Byrknes Jan , Eickes Christian , Gebauer Christian , Moskovtseva Antonina , Gasteiger Hubert A.
Published: May 2022

Lowering the iridium loading at the anode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers is crucial for the envisaged GW-scale deployment of PEM water electrolysis. Here, the durability of a novel iridium catalyst with a low iridium packing density, allowing for low iridium loadings without decreasing the electrode thickness, is being investigated in a 10-cell PEM water electrolyzer short stack. The anodes of the membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) of the first five cells utilize a conventional iridium catalyst, at loadings that serve as benchmark for today's industry standard (2 mgIr cm−2). The last five cells utilize the novel catalyst at 8-fold lower loadings (0.25 mgIr cm−2). The MEAs are based on Nafion® 117 and are tested for 3700 h by load cycling between 0.2 and 2.0 A cm−2, with weekly polarization curves and impedance diagnostics. For both catalysts, the performance degradation at low current densities is dominated by an increase of the overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), whereby the OER mass activity of the novel catalyst remains ≈4-fold higher after 3700 h. The temporal evolution of the OER mass activities of the two catalysts will be analyzed in order to assess the suitability of the novel catalyst for industrial application.
Looking at Patent Law: Patenting an Electrochemical Invention for Recycling Electronic Waste – A Case Study
Authors: Jennings Taylor E. , Inman Maria
Published: May 2022

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we present a case study of the prosecution of U.S. Patent No. 9,777,346 directed towards “Methods for Recovering Metals from Electronic Waste, and Related Systems” assigned to Battelle Energy Alliance, LLC of Idaho Falls, ID. This case was chosen to coincide with the focus of this issue of Interface on electrochemical recycling. The case study begins with a brief synopsis of the background of the invention followed by 1) a discussion of the patent applications associated with the invention, 2) inventor assignment and power of attorney designations, 3) submission of an information disclosure statement and duty of candor, 4) summary of office actions, 5) summary of applicant response to non-final rejection, and 6) allowance of the patent application. The applicants made substantial use of continuation applications. The continuation applications resulted in the issuance of two additional patents, U.S. Patent No. 10,378,081 and U.S. Patent No. 11,035,023. These additional patents added both broader and focused claims for the subject invention. With this case study, we hope to de-mystify the patent prosecution process and better prepare electrochemical and solid-state scientists, engineers and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Electrochemistry for Recycling
Authors: Su Xiao , Chen Zheng , St-Pierre Jean , Vasiljevic Natasa
Published: May 2022

This current issue of Interface focuses on the crosscutting topic of “Electrochemistry for Recycling," highlighting the critical role that electrochemical processes and electrochemical products play in achieving a circular economy.
Hydrogen’s Big Shot
Authors: Danilovic Nemanja , Zenyuk Iryna
Published: May 2022

The United States and many European countries have set a goal to reach net-zero carbon emissions by 2050. To that end, several energy conversion technologies are enabling hydrogen’s time to help achieve these goals set at the state and country level throughout the world to help decarbonize beyond the transportation sector into heating, food production, metallurgy, and refining. In this spirit, this issue brings to light various aspects of why now is the right time for hydrogen deployment at scale, and how the Electrochemical Society can help contribute to achieving a cleaner, brighter future.
Ten Questions for Kelly J. Speakes-Backman
Authors: Fornaciari Julie C.
Published: May 2022

A dialog with Kelly J. Speakes-Backman, Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, US Department of Energy
PEM Electrolysis, a Forerunner for Clean Hydrogen
Authors: Ayers Katherine , Danilovic Nemanja , Harrison Kevin , Xu Hui
Published: May 2022

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis was originally developed in the 1950s and 1960s by General Electric for space applications to generate oxygen for astronaut life support. Since then, several companies have transitioned the same basic technology to products for hydrogen generation at various scales. Today, PEM water electrolysis has developed into a mature technology for green hydrogen production when integrated with renewable energy. Its advantages include high efficiency, high operating density, fast dynamic response, and the ability to operate at high and differential pressures. However, cost and durability limit the large-scale implementation of PEM electrolyzers. Major components, including catalysts, membranes, and porous transport layers, hold promise for significantly reducing the cost of PEM electrolyzers. Collaborative accelerated stress tests across different labs are highly desirable to study the degradation of PEM electrolyzers and to further improve their durability.
Solution Combustion Synthesis of Pencil-Shaped ZnO Nanostructures and the Analysis of Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Nair Bini B. , Bushiri M. Junaid
Published: May 2022

ZnO is an important semiconductor material with different morphological features suitable for various functional applications. This work showcases an easy method to synthesize morphologically pencil like nano ZnO structures having hexagonal bottom-neck and pyramidal top notch by self propagating solution combustion synthesis. The growth of the pencil like ZnO structure was achieved by controlling the pH of the precursor solution for the combustion synthesis with the addition of an adequate quantity of ammonia solution. Pencil like ZnO structures were characterised with XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Raman and XPS measurements. ZnO with pencil like structure were showing about 98% of degradation efficiency of Methelene Blue (MB). The enhanced photocatalytic and electrochemical properties were attributed to the combined effect of specific morphology of ZnO and the presence of amorphous carbon in the sample.
Decrease in work rate in order to keep a constant heart rate: biomarker of exercise intolerance following a 10-day bed rest
Authors: Baldassarre Giovanni , Zuccarelli Lucrezia , Manferdelli Giorgio , Manfredini Valentina , Marzorati Mauro , Pilotto Andrea , Porcelli Simone , Rasica Letizia , Šimunič Boštjan , Pišot Rado , Narici Marco , Grassi Bruno
Published: May 2022

During a 15-min exercise carried out at a heart rate (HR) slightly above that corresponding to the gas exchange threshold, to keep HR constant, work rate significantly decreased; the decrease was more pronounced after a 10-day horizontal bed rest. The work rate decrease at a fixed HR can be considered a systemic biomarker of exercise intolerance during microgravity/inactivity and could also be easily and reliably determined during spaceflights or in patients.
CORP: Gene delivery into murine skeletal muscle using in vivo electroporation
Authors: Hughes David C. , Hardee Justin P. , Waddell David S. , Goodman Craig A.
Published: May 2022

The strategy of gene delivery into skeletal muscles has provided exciting avenues in identifying new potential therapeutics toward muscular disorders and addressing basic research questions in muscle physiology through overexpression and knockdown studies. In vivo electroporation methodology offers a simple, rapidly effective technique for the delivery of plasmid DNA into postmitotic skeletal muscle fibers and the ability to easily explore the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle plasticity. The purpose of this review is to describe how to robustly electroporate plasmid DNA into different hindlimb muscles of rodent models. Furthermore, key parameters (e.g., voltage, hyaluronidase, and plasmid concentration) that contribute to the successful introduction of plasmid DNA into skeletal muscle fibers will be discussed. In addition, details on processing tissue for immunohistochemistry and fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) analysis will be outlined. The overall goal of this review is to provide the basic and necessary information needed for successful implementation of in vivo electroporation of plasmid DNA and thus open new avenues of discovery research in skeletal muscle physiology.
Effects of acetazolamide on pulmonary artery pressure and prevention of high-altitude pulmonary edema after rapid active ascent to 4,559 m
Authors: Berger Marc Moritz , Sareban Mahdi , Schiefer Lisa Maria , Swenson Kai E. , Treff Franziska , Schäfer Larissa , Schmidt Peter , Schimke Magdalena M. , Paar Michael , Niebauer Josef , Cogo Annalisa , Kriemler Susi , Schwery Stefan , Pickerodt Philipp A. , Mayer Benjamin , Bärtsch Peter , Swenson Erik R.
Published: May 2022

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study is the first to investigate whether acetazolamide, which reduces acute mountain sickness (AMS), inhibits short-term hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and also prevents high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) in a fast-climbing ascent to 4,559 m. We found no statistically significant reduction in HAPE incidence or differences in hypoxic pulmonary artery pressures compared with placebo despite reductions in AMS and greater ventilation-induced arterial oxygenation. Our data do not support recommending acetazolamide for HAPE prevention.
Evaluation of English Subjective Questions Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Zhao Shali
Published: May 2022

In the background of artificial intelligence (AI) era, deep neural networks (DNNs) also have a far-reaching impact on all walks of life. For the field of education, the integration of deep neural network technology and language teaching is more in-depth. Targeting at the problems of high costs and low efficiency of manual evaluation, this paper aims to study the evaluation of the English subjective questions by using deep neural networks. Firstly, the surface features of the English character information, including English antisense, negative information, semantic features, word frequency, sentences length, and words order, are combined; and the calculation method of the English sentence similarity based on multifeature fusion is established through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Secondly, the English text recognition is composed of long and short memory lost by aggregation cross entropy. The introduction of aggregation cross entropy can effectively improve the accuracy of text recognition. Finally, the evaluation model based on deep neural network is used to evaluate the English subjective questions. The experimental results, in terms of accuracy, recall rate, and effectiveness of the automatic recognition, show that the proposed method has high accuracy and can effectively improve the quality of the English teaching and realize a personalized teaching approach.
A Radiological Assessment of the Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Male Patients Seen in a South African Hospital: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Siwela Lebohang , Khan Nausheen , Mudau Adziambei
Published: May 2022

Developing countries are predicted to bear the burden of osteoporosis in the coming decades. The prevalence of osteoporosis in South African men is unknown, but is thought to be rare. Opportunistic screening for osteoporosis can be performed using quantitative computed tomography (CT) obtained for various clinical indications. We assessed the frequency of osteoporosis in male patients using quantitative computed tomography (CT) obtained for various clinical indications. Data were collected from abdominal and spinal CT scans performed at the radiology department of a provincial tertiary hospital between January 2019 and January 2021. The CT examinations were derived from 507 male patients (mean age, 45±15 years; 83% Black, 0.8% Coloured, 4.1% Indian and 11.2% White). In the CT scans, the region of interest was placed manually at the axial cross-sections of L1 and L3 vertebrae. Using densitometry, we calculated average bone mass density and T and Z scores. We diagnosed osteoporosis in 18.5% (n = 94) of our patients. Only 7.9% of patients younger than 50 had osteoporosis, while 35.9% of patients older than 50 years showed signs of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis was more common amongst White male patients (45.6%) and least common in Black male patients (14.4%). Indian patients had the highest prevalence of osteopenia (42.9%). We successfully used CT scans, obtained for various conditions, to identify large numbers of patients with low bone mineral density (BMD). The prevalence of osteoporosis in this sample is similar to rates reported elsewhere in Africa. Asymptomatic patients at risk of developing insufficiency fractures can be diagnosed and managed early using CT scans, thus preventing unnecessary admissions and reducing osteoporosis-related morbidity and mortality.
6 ′‐O‐Galloylpaeoniflorin Exerts Inhibitory Bioactivities in Human Neuroblastoma Cells via Modulating AMPK/miR‐489/XIAP Pathway
Authors: Zhou Lijun , Li Aiwu , Zhang Qiangye
Published: May 2022

Although therapies against neuroblastoma (NBM) have advanced, the patients still suffer from poor prognoses due to distal metastasis or the occurrence of multidrug resistance. Accumulating evidence has proved that chemicals derived from natural products possess potent anti‐NBM properties or can be used as adjuvants for chemotherapy. In the present study, we demonstrated that 6 ′‐O‐galloylpaeoniflorin (GPF), a galloylated derivative of paeoniflorin isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, exerted significant inhibitory effects on proliferation and invasion of SH‐SY5Y cells (an NBM cell line) and enhanced the sensitivity of SH‐SY5Y cells to cisplatin in vitro. Further studies showed that GPF treatment upregulated miR‐489 in NBM cells via activating AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK). We also demonstrated that similar to GPF treatment, miR‐489 exhibited a significant anti‐NBM capacity. Further studies showed that miR‐489 directly targeted the X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Overall, our results indicated that GPF possessed an evident anti‐NBM capacity dependent on AMPK/miR‐489/XIAP pathway, providing an emerging strategy for clinical treatment of NBM.
Future Trends for Healthcare Monitoring System in Smart Cities Using LoRaWAN-Based WBAN
Authors: Bouazzi Imen , Zaidi Monji , Usman Mohammed , Shamim Mohammed Zubair Mohammed , Gunjan Vinit Kumar , Singh Ninni
Published: May 2022

LoRa technology is extensively utilized in the Internet of Things world. It allows a transmission of a low volume of data through small wireless devices. The principle of LoRa networks is to transmit data over the air from sensors with low transmission range, for about tens of kilometers. Those sensors are not expected to be powered by electricity, and they are powered by batteries. We understand that visits to hospitals cannot be eliminated and that visits for full examinations were necessary, but technological progress nowadays could reduce the burden on hospitals thanks to remote controls and treatments in homes using those wireless sensors. So, the use of LoRaWAN protocol could greatly make diagnostic of patients more easily by transmitting data between doctors and patients in a real time manner. The aim of this work is to evaluate the performance of a network that contains numerous mobile sensors. Those sensors connect the doctors, nurse, and patient through a reliable and secure wireless network. Here, we want to evaluate various factors of LoRaWAN protocol that have a big effect on power consumption and data transmission delay.. Moreover, our LoRa-based networking implementation, based on software simulations, appears to be an option that allows for a robust, reliable, and lower overall cost IoT deployment and low bandwidth requirements. With LoRa, we can achieve similar or better link quality to IEEE 802.15.4, with higher data rate and lower costs.
Segmentation Algorithm-Based Safety Analysis of Cardiac Computed Tomography Angiography to Evaluate Doctor-Nurse-Patient Integrated Nursing Management for Cardiac Interventional Surgery
Authors: Zhang Aiqiong , Chen Qiuxiang
Published: May 2022

To deeply analyze the influences of doctor-nurse-patient integrated nursing management on cardiac interventional surgery, 120 patients with coronary heart disease undergoing cardiac interventional therapy were selected as the subjects and randomly divided into two groups, 60 cases in each group. The experimental group used the doctor-nurse-patient integrated nursing, while the control group adopted the routine nursing. The Hessian matrix enhanced filter segmentation algorithm was used to process the cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA) images of patients to assess the algorithm performance and the safety of nursing methods. The results showed that the Jaccard, Dice, sensitivity, and specificity of cardiac CTA images of patients with coronary heart disease processed by Hessian matrix enhanced filter segmentation algorithm were 0.86, 0.93, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively; the disease self-management ability score and quality of life score of patients in the experimental group after nursing intervention were significantly better than those before nursing intervention, with significant differences (

P
<
0.05

). The number of cases with adverse vascular events in the experimental group was 3 cases, which was obviously lower than that in the control group (15 cases). The diagnostic accuracy of the two groups of patients after segmentation algorithm processing was 0.87 and 0.88, respectively, which was apparently superior than the diagnostic accuracy of conventional CTA (0.58 and 0.61). In summary, cardiac CTA evaluation of doctor-nurse-patient integrated nursing management cardiac interventional surgery based on segmentation algorithm had good safety and was worthy of further promotion in clinical cardiac interventional surgery.
The Sufficient and Necessary Conditions for the Poisson Distribution Series to Be in Some Subclasses of Analytic Functions
Authors: Lashin Abdel Moneim Y. , Badghaish Abeer O. , Bajamal Amani Z.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we introduce new subclasses of analytic functions in the open unit disc. Furthermore, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the Poisson distribution series to be in these new subclasses are found.
The Cross-Talk between Polyphenols and the Target Enzymes Related to Oxidative Stress-Induced Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Heydarzadeh Shabnam , Kia Sima Kheradmand , Zarkesh Maryam , Pakizehkar Safura , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Hedayati Mehdi
Published: May 2022

The most serious hallmark step of carcinogenesis is oxidative stress, which induces cell DNA damage. Although in normal conditions ROS are important second messengers, in pathological conditions such as cancer, due to imbalanced redox enzyme expression, oxidative stress can occur. Recent studies with firmly established evidence suggest an interdependence between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer based on thyroid hormone synthesis. Indeed, a reduced antioxidant defense system might play a part in several steps of progression in thyroid cancer. Based on studies that have been conducted previously, future drug designs for targeting enzymatic ROS sources, as a single agent or in combination, have to be tested. Polyphenols represent the potential for modulating biological events in thyroid cancer, including antioxidative activity. Targeting enzymatic ROS sources, without affecting the physiological redox state, might be an important purpose. As regards the underlying chemopreventive mechanisms of natural compounds that have been discussed in other cancer models, the confirmation of the influence of polyphenols on thyroid cancer is inconclusive and rarely available. Therefore, there is a need for further scientific investigations into the features of the antioxidative effects of polyphenols on thyroid cancer. The current review illustrates the association between some polyphenols and the key enzymes that take place in oxidation reactions in developing thyroid cancer cells. This review gives the main points of the enzymatic ROS sources act and redox signaling in normal physiological or pathological contexts and supplies a survey of the currently available modulators of TPO, LOX, NOX, DUOX, Nrf2, and LPO derived from polyphenols.
Influential Factor Analysis and Prediction on Initial Metro Network Ridership in Xi’an, China
Authors: Lyu Tao , Xu Mingfei , Zhang Jia , Wang Yuanqing , Yang Liu , Gao Yanan
Published: May 2022

To satisfy the adaptability of forecasting the short-term and abrupt volume of the initial metro network, we build the multiple enter linear regression (MELR) model to explore the determinants and forecast the intensity during the twice expansion of the initial metro network in Xi’an. We further compare the prediction of the metro transport capacity between the MELR models with exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. Results show that the passenger intensity significantly fluctuates with the months and days, and MELR model is more adapted for the short-term prediction of the abrupt volume than the ARIMA model during the new metro line opening and the old line expands, which avoids the drawback of time series models that need a huge database. This study provides a guide for the prediction of initial metro network volume and accurate purchase of the rail vehicles during the metro planning and expends stages.
Performance Evaluation of the Transmission Quality of the Internet of Things in Farmland Environmental Monitoring Based on ns-3
Authors: Dong Mo , Sun Zhipeng , Yu Haiye , Zhang Lei , Sui Yuanyuan , Zhao Ruohan
Published: May 2022

The Internet of Things (IoT) technology focuses on the application of information-sensing equipment, transmission network, and intelligent information processing technology. Through scientific management, it can achieve the rational use of agricultural resources, thus improving the ecological environment, reducing production costs, and improving the yield and quality of agricultural products. At present, the application of agricultural IoT technology faces problems including small network coverage, limited monitoring projects, high transmission cost, and short power supply time, which limit the popularity and ability of farmland environmental monitoring. In this paper, ns-3 is used to simulate the IoT for farmland environmental monitoring based on the long-range wide-area network (LoRaWAN) protocol. The simulation results show the transmission distance with good transmission quality under the LoRaWAN protocol. Furthermore, we analyze the comparison of the combination range of network transmission quality parameters under the two acknowledgment (ACK) mechanisms. Finally, we present the parameter combination range and suggestions to improve the network transmission quality, which provide a new basis for guiding the farmland environmental monitoring system.
Metformin Improves the Prognosis of Adult Mice with Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy Better than That of Aged Mice
Authors: Song Gaofei , Liang Huoyan , Song Heng , Ding Xianfei , Wang Dong , Zhang Xiaojuan , Sun Tongwen
Published: May 2022

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is often associated with increased ICU occupancy and hospital mortality and poor long-term outcomes, with currently no specific treatment. Pathophysiological mechanisms of SAE are complex and may involve activation of microglia, multiple intracranial inflammatory factors, and inflammatory pathways. We hypothesized that metformin may have an effect on microglia, which affects the prognosis of SAE. In this study, metformin treatment of mice with SAE induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduced the expression of microglia protein and related inflammatory factors. Poor prognosis of SAE is related to increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in brain tissues. Levels of inflammatory cytokines produced by LPS-induced SAE mouse microglia were significantly increased compared with those in the sham group. In addition, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) was significantly reduced in metformin-treated SAE mice compared with untreated SAE mice, suggesting that metformin can reduce microgliosis and inhibit central nervous system inflammation, thereby improving patient outcomes. In conclusion, our results stipulate that metformin inhibits inflammation through the adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP-) activated protein kinase pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB). Metformin can partially reverse the severe prognosis caused by sepsis by blocking microglial proliferation and inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors.
Minocycline Alleviates White Matter Injury following Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Regulating CD4+ T Cell Differentiation via Notch1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Heng , Gao Xinjie , Xiao WeiPing , Su Jiabin , Li Yanjiang , Ni Wei , Gu Yuxiang
Published: May 2022

Neuroinflammation is a major reason for white matter injury (WMI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Apart from microglia/macrophage activation, T cells also play an important role in regulating immune responses after ICH. In a previous study, we have revealed the role of minocycline in modulating microglia/macrophage activation after ICH. However, the exact mechanisms of minocycline in regulating T cells differentiation after ICH are still not well understood. Hence, this study explored the relationship between minocycline and CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Piglet ICH model was used to investigate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and T cells signal gene activation after ICH with immunofluorescence and whole transcriptome sequencing. Naive CD4+ T cells and primary oligodendrocyte coculture model were established to explore the effect and mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Flow cytometry was used to indicate CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. The mechanism of minocycline in modulating CD4+ T cell differentiation was demonstrated with immunofluorescence and western blot. Double immunostaining of representative CD4+ T cell marker CD3 and different subtype CD4+ T cell assisted proteins (IL17, IL4, Foxp3, and IFNγ) demonstrated naive CD4+ T cell differentiation in piglet after ICH. Whole transcriptome sequencing for perihematomal white matter sorted from piglet brains indicated T cell signal gene activation after ICH. The results of luxol fast blue staining, immunofluorescent staining, and electron microscopy showed that minocycline alleviated white matter injury after ICH in piglets. For our in vitro model, minocycline reduced oligodendrocyte injury and neuroinflammation by regulating CD4+ T cell differentiation after ICH. Moreover, minocycline increased the expression of NOTCH1, ACT1, RBP-J, and NICD1 in cultured CD4+ T cell when stimulated with hemoglobin. Hence, minocycline treatment could modulate naive CD4+ T cell differentiation and attenuate white matter injury via regulating Notch1 signaling pathway after ICH.
SH003 and Docetaxel Show Synergistic Anticancer Effects by Inhibiting EGFR Activation in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Choi Yu-Jeong , Lee Kangwook , Yoon Ji-Hye , Cho Sung-Gook , Kim Yun-Gyeong , Jeong Miso , Hwang Hyun-Ha , Lee Seo Yeon , Jung Se-Eun , Ko Seong-Gyu
Published: May 2022

Although many anticancer drugs have been developed for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment, there are no obvious therapies. Moreover, the combination of epidermal growth factor receptor‐ (EGFR‐) targeted therapeutics and classical chemotherapeutic drugs has been assessed in clinical trials for TNBC treatment, but those are not yet approved. Our serial studies for newly developed herbal medicine named SH003 provide evidence of its broad effectiveness in various cancers, especially on TNBC. The current study demonstrates a synergic effect of combinatorial treatment of SH003 and docetaxel (DTX) by targeting EGFR activation. The combinatorial treatment reduced the viability of both BT‐20 and MDA‐MB‐231 TNBC cells, displaying the synergism. The combination of SH003 and DTX also caused the synergistic effect on apoptosis. Mechanistically, the cotreatment of SH003 and DTX inhibited phosphorylation of EGFR and AKT in both BT‐20 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Moreover, our xenograft mouse tumor growth assays showed the inhibitory effect of the combinatorial treatment with no effect on body weight. Our immunohistochemistry confirmed its inhibition of EGFR phosphorylation in vivo. Collectively, combinatorial treatment of SH003 and DTX has a synergistic anticancer effect at a relatively low concentration by targeting EGFR in TNBC, indicating safety and efficacy of SH003 as adjuvant combination therapy with docetaxel. Thus, it is worth testing the combinatorial effect in clinics for treating TNBC.
Interest-Based Content Clustering for Enhancing Searching and Recommendations on Smart TV
Authors: Jan Malang , Khusro Shah , Alam Iftikhar , Khan Inayat , Niazi Badam
Published: May 2022

Smart TV has become a pervasive device due to its support for numerous entertainment options. These capabilities of smart TV make it attractive for viewers and researcher. Besides, a plethora of multimedia content continues to grow, which makes searching and browsing the desired content a difficult, time-consuming, and contributes to cognitive overload problem. In the case of smart TV, making clusters of the related content based on user’s interest is among the best solutions. In this connection, this study proposed a dynamic approach for clustering the TV-related online multimedia content and presenting them in a manageable format on smart TV to mitigate the issue of searching and relevant recommendations. We collected and clustered the content from diverse data sources based on the viewer’s interest. This further recommends novel content to the viewers without social metadata, such as rates, tags, which is normally insignificant in for smart TV viewership due to its shared nature. We used bisecting

K

-means, Lingo, and Suffix Tree Clustering (STC) algorithms. A comparative analysis of these algorithms and suitability in the context of smart TV is also presented. Results show that the proposed approach enhances search results and recommends relevant content based on user’s interests.