bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hunting for hot corinos and WCCC sources in the OMC-2/3 filament
Authors: Bouvier M. , López-Sepulcre A. , Ceccarelli C. , Kahane C. , Imai M. , Sakai N. , Yamamoto S. , Dagdigian P. J.
Published: March 2020

Context. Solar-like protostars are known to be chemically rich, but it is not yet clear how much their chemical composition can vary and why. So far, two chemically distinct types of Solar-like protostars have been identified: hot corinos, which are enriched in interstellar Complex Organic Molecules, such as methanol (CH3OH) or dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3), and warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) objects, which are enriched in carbon chain molecules, such as butadiynyl (C4H) or ethynyl radical (CCH). However, none of these have been studied so far in environments similar to that in which our Sun was born, that is, one that is close to massive stars.

Aims. In this work, we search for hot corinos and WCCC objects in the closest analogue to the Sun’s birth environment, the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 (OMC-2/3) filament located in the Orion A molecular cloud.

Methods. We obtained single-dish observations of CCH and CH3OH line emission towards nine Solar-like protostars in this region. As in other similar studies of late, we used the [CCH]/[CH3OH] abundance ratio in order to determine the chemical nature of our protostar sample.

Results. Unexpectedly, we found that the observed methanol and ethynyl radical emission (over a few thousands au scale) does not seem to originate from the protostars but rather from the parental cloud and its photo-dissociation region, illuminated by the OB stars of the region.

Conclusions. Our results strongly suggest that caution should be taken before using [CCH]/[CH3OH] from single-dish observations as an indicator of the protostellar chemical nature and that there is a need for other tracers or high angular resolution observations for probing the inner protostellar layers.
The properties of He IIλ1640 emitters at z ∼  2.5–5 from the VANDELS survey
Authors: Saxena A. , Pentericci L. , Mirabelli M. , Schaerer D. , Schneider R. , Cullen F. , Amorin R. , Bolzonella M. , Bongiorno A. , Carnall A. C. , Castellano M. , Cucciati O. , Fontana A. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Garilli B. , Gargiulo A. , Guaita L. , Hathi N. P. , Hutchison T. A. , Koekemoer A. M. , Marchi F. , McLeod D. J. , McLure R. J. , Papovich C. , Pozzetti L. , Talia M. , Zamorani G.
Published: March 2020

Aims. Strong He II emission is produced by low-metallicity stellar populations. Here, we aim to identify and study a sample of He IIλ1640-emitting galaxies at redshifts of z ∼ 2.5 − 5 in the deep VANDELS spectroscopic survey.

Methods. We identified a total of 33 Bright He II emitters (S/N >  2.5) and 17 Faint emitters (S/N <  2.5) in the VANDELS survey and used the available deep multi-wavelength data to study their physical properties. After identifying seven potential AGNs in our sample and discarding them from further analysis, we divided the sample of Bright emitters into 20 Narrow (FWHM <  1000 km s−1) and 6 Broad (FWHM >  1000 km s−1) He II emitters. We created stacks of Faint, Narrow, and Broad emitters and measured other rest-frame UV lines such as O III] and C III] in both individual galaxies and stacks. We then compared the UV line ratios with the output of stellar population-synthesis models to study the ionising properties of He II emitters.

Results. We do not see a significant difference between the stellar masses, star-formation rates, and rest-frame UV magnitudes of galaxies with He II and no He II emission. The stellar population models reproduce the observed UV line ratios from metals in a consistent manner, however they under-predict the total number of He II ionising photons, confirming earlier studies and suggesting that additional mechanisms capable of producing He II are needed, such as X-ray binaries or stripped stars. The models favour subsolar metallicities (∼0.1 Z⊙) and young stellar ages (106 − 107 years) for the He II emitters. However, the metallicity measured for He II emitters is comparable to that of non-He II emitters at similar redshifts. We argue that galaxies with He II emission may have undergone a recent star-formation event, or may be powered by additional sources of He II ionisation.
Usefulness of Serum Calcitonin in Patients with Thyroid Nodules ≤ 1 cm Without an Indication for Fine-Needle Aspiration
Authors: Rosario Pedro Weslley , Mourão Gabriela Franco , Calsolari Maria Regina
Published: March 2020

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is not necessary in adults with nodules ≤ 1 cm without apparent extrathyroidal extension (ETE) or lymph node (LN) involvement on ultrasonography (US). In the absence of FNA and serum calcitonin (Ctn) measurement, medullary thyroid microcarcinomas (microMTC) are not diagnosed. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate Ctn levels in adults with a low clinical risk of MTC and nodules ≤ 1 cm without ETE or LN involvement on US. A total of 506 consecutively seen adults who had nodules with two or more suspicious features were included. Patients with elevated basal Ctn underwent a calcium stimulation test and FNA. Basal Ctn was normal in 490 patients (96.8%). In the 16 patients with elevated basal Ctn, FNA revealed MTC in only one patient and MTC was not suspected in the 15 patients with elevated basal Ctn. Three patients with stimulated Ctn<100 pg/ml and benign cytology were not submitted to surgery. MTC was excluded by histology in three patients with stimulated Ctn<100 pg/ml and indeterminate or suspicious cytology and in eight patients with stimulated Ctn>100 pg/ml. One patient with stimulated Ctn>100 pg/ml had MTC. Ctn was undetectable 6 months after surgery in two patients with MTC. Although uncommon, even subjects without a suspicious history and with nodules ≤ 1 cm without ETE or LN involvement on US, but with suspicious findings, can have microMTC. The measurement of Ctn permits the diagnosis of these cases.
In Vivo Biocompatibility, Mechanical, and Antibacterial Properties of Cements Modified with Propolis in Different Concentrations
Authors: Meneses Izaura Helena Chaves de , Sampaio Gêisa Aiane de Morais , Carvalho Fabiola Galbiatti de , Carlo Hugo Lemes , Münchow Eliseu Aldrighi , Pithon Matheus Melo , Alves Polliana Muniz , Lacerda-Santos Rogério
Published: March 2020

Objectives The focus of this triple-blind randomized study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, antibacterial effect, and in vivo biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) modified with ethanolic extracts of propolis (EEP).

Materials and Methods For biocompatibility tests, 135 male Wistar rats were used and divided into nine groups: Group C (control, polyethylene), Groups M, M10, M25, M50 (Meron; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively), Groups KC, KC10, KC25, KC50 (Ketac Cem; conventional, and modified with 10%, 25%, 50% EEP, respectively). The tissues were analyzed under an optical microscope for different cellular events in different time intervals. Shear bond strength test (SBST) on cementation of metal matrices (n = 10, per group), adhesive remnant index (ARI) in bovine incisors (n = 10, per group), and antibacterial properties by the agar diffusion test (n = 15, per group) were analyzed.

Statistical Analysis Data were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn, and one-way analysis of variance test followed by Tukey’s test (p < 0.5).

Results Morphological evaluation demonstrated intense inflammatory infiltrate in Groups M10 and KC10 in the time intervals of 7 (p = 0.001) and 15 (p = 0.006) days. Multinucleated giant cells were shown to be more present in Group M1, with statistical difference from Control and KC50 Groups in the time interval of 7 days (p = 0.033). The SBST showed no statistical significance among the groups (p > 0.05). Antibacterial property showed a statistically significant difference between Meron and Meron 50%-EEP Groups, and between Ketac and Ketac 50%-EPP Groups (p = 0.001).

Conclusions The intensity of histological changes resulting from the cements was shown to be inversely proportional to the concentration of propolis added; Ketac 50%-EPP was the concentration that had the most favorable biocompatibility results. Addition of EEP to GIC did not negatively change the SBST and ARI. Antibacterial property demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect.
In Vitro Comparison of Modes of Failures among Titanium and One- and Two-piece Zirconia Abutment under Static Load
Authors: Alqahtani Fawaz , AlAmar Mohammed
Published: March 2020

Objectives The objective was to assess modes of failures under static load (SL) among titanium (Ti) and one- and two-piece zirconia abutment (ZA) in vitro.

Materials and Methods The Ti abutments were digitally scanned for the fabrication of the one- and two-piece zirconia abutment specimens. This was done to standardize the design of the one-piece abutment and make it the blueprint of the Ti abutment. Twenty-one implant abutments and 21 implant replicas were categorized into three groups as follows: group 1 (Titanium group), group 2 (one-piece ZA group), and group 3 (two-piece ZA group). A 250K-cycle, linear fatigue-load, reaching 10 to 210 Newton (N), was put on all specimens using an all-electric dynamic test instrument and the specimens were loaded until fracture.

Statistical Analysis Assessment of mode of fracture among the groups was done visually. Significance was based below 0.05.

Results Screw fracture (n = 7) and abutment bending at the apical part (n = 7) occurred in the Ti group. In the one-piece zirconia group, screw and abutment fractures occurred in seven and seven cases, respectively. In the two-piece zirconia group, screw fracture (n = 7) above the Ti zirconia junction (transgingival segment) and abutment fracture (n = 7) were determined as the failure modes.

Conclusion In conclusion, all abutments underwent failures under SL in vitro; and the mode of failure modes varied among the different abutment designs used.
Citation Classics on Dental Caries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arshad Anas Imran , Ahmad Paras , Dummer Paul M.H. , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Asif Jawaad Ahmed , Mahmood Zuliani , Rahman Normastura Abd , Mamat Noraida
Published: March 2020

Objective A systematic search was performed for the identification and analysis of the 100 most often cited articles on dental caries and to highlight the changing trends in the field of dentistry over time.

Materials and Methods The search was performed without any restriction on the study design, publication year, or language using the Web of Science (WoS) group of Clarivate Analytics enabling the search through “All Databases.” Based on the citation count as available in WoS, the articles were sorted in a descending manner. Information regarding each article was then extracted, which included its authorship, counts of citation (in other databases), citation density, current citation index (2019), publication year, country of publication, journal of article, evidence level based on study design, and keywords description.

Results The count of citation for each article varied in each database, that is, 175 to 2,003 in WoS, 89 to 1,981 in Scopus, and 126 to 3,492 when searched in Google Scholar. The highest number of articles (n = 10) related to dental caries were published in 2004. A total of 301 authors made valuable contributions to this field, out of which J.D. Featherstone had coauthored 6 articles. A significant negative correlation (p < 0.01) was found between the age of the article and the citation density (r =–0.545). However, a nonsignificant correlation (p = 0.952) occurred between the age of publication and the citation count (r = 0.006).

Conclusion The results of this systematic review provide a critical appraisal of the context underpinning scientific developments in the field of dental caries and also highlighted trends in clinical management and research.
Auxiliary Reflectance Sensor for Guided Surgery with Dental Implants: In Vitro Study
Authors: Sigcho López Diego Antonio , Pintaudi Amorim Karina , Laganá Dalva Cruz
Published: March 2020

Objectives The aim of this research was to develop a sensor of approximation by reflectance for guided surgery with dental implants without flap detachment, and verify the effectiveness of this system.

Materials and Methods Ten models of total edentulous arches were divided into two groups. Two implants of 3.5 × 11.5 mm (NeoDent) were inserted in each model; in Group 1 (G1), a stereolithographic guide NeoGuide system was used. In Group 2 (G2), the experimental approximation sensor was used for the insertion of the implants. The evaluation of the results was performed by overlapping the virtual planning images with the tomographies of the models of the implants inserted.

Results There were no statistically significant differences between the guide and the sensor groups. The averages and standard deviations observed at the angulation of the guide was 4.15 (2.65 degrees) and 5.48 (2.85 degrees) at the sensor. The linear deviations at the cervical level were 0.002 (1.37) and 0.11 (1.47) mm and at the apical level 0.19 (1.28) and 0.21 (1.42) mm, respectively.

Conclusions The use of a guide is important for the stabilization of the drills; the greatest challenge is to control the apical position of the implants, especially in highly reabsorbed edges. The experimental sensor can become an auxiliary tool to the stereolithographic guides; however, several difficulties must still be overcome to recommend the use of a sensor.
Periodical distribution of Au nanoparticles through dewetting on patterned substrates
Authors: Jiang Ruomei , Li Wenxin , Li Ya , Liu Yanning , Zhao Wangchen , Mao Rui , Deng Longjiang , Zhou Peiheng
Published: March 2020

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in many fields, such as optics, electronics, and sensor platforms. The size and density of the NPs play important roles in device performance and nanostructure distribution. In this paper, the periodically distributed Au NPs are obtained by dewetting the Au film or Au–Ge film on a patterned SiO2 substrate. The influence of the substrate morphology and the Ge film on the dewetting process is investigated. The former modifies the crucial dewetting parameters periodically, i.e., the surface curvature, while the latter provides energy for Au atoms' surface diffusion. The extinction spectrum shows a prominent enhancement in local surface plasmon resonance, over 5 times in the visible region, which is due to the periodicity and high-density in NP distribution. This study provides a simple and regulable method to prepare periodically distributed metal NPs.
Interface resolved magnetism at metal–organic (Fe/Alq3) interfaces under x-ray standing wave condition
Authors: Khanderao Avinash Ganesh , Sergueev Ilya , Wille H. C. , Kumar Dileep
Published: March 2020

The isotope selective grazing-incidence nuclear resonance scattering (GI-NRS) technique, which is a time analog to Mössbauer spectroscopy, is made depth resolved to probe the magnetism of the diffused Fe (Fediffused) and bulk Fe (Febulk) parts of the layer in an Fe/Alq3 [ferromagnetic (FM)/organic semiconductor (OSC)] bilayer structure. On the basis of theoretical simulations, it is demonstrated that the antinode regions of x-ray standing waves (XSWs) generated through wave guide structures allow one to measure the Fediffused and Febulk parts independently, providing evidence for a diffused layer with reduced electron density and hyperfine fields. Due to possible small isolated clusters of Fe in the diffused layer, Fe moments are found with random orientations, while in Febulk moments, they are aligned in the film plane due to shape anisotropy. GI-NRS under XSW is suitable for FM/OSC structures to obtain interface resolved magnetic information, which is otherwise difficult with any other available lab based conventional methods.
A tunable high-Q millimeter wave cavity for hybrid circuit and cavity QED experiments
Authors: Suleymanzade Aziza , Anferov Alexander , Stone Mark , Naik Ravi K. , Oriani Andrew , Simon Jonathan , Schuster David
Published: March 2020

The millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency band provides exciting prospects for quantum science and devices since many high-fidelity quantum emitters, including Rydberg atoms, molecules, and silicon vacancies, exhibit resonances near 100 GHz. High-Q resonators at these frequencies would give access to strong interactions between emitters and single photons, leading to rich and unexplored quantum phenomena at temperatures above 1 K. We report a 3D mm-wave cavity with a measured single-photon internal quality factor of 3×107 and mode volume of 0.14×λ3 at 98.2 GHz, sufficient to reach strong coupling in a Rydberg cavity quantum electrodynamics system. An in situ piezotunability of 18 MHz facilitates coupling to specific atomic transitions. Our unique, seamless, and optically accessible resonator design is enabled by the realization that intersections of 3D waveguides support tightly confined bound states below the waveguide cutoff frequency. Harnessing the features of our cavity design, we realize a hybrid mm-wave and optical cavity, designed for interconversion and entanglement of mm-wave and optical photons using Rydberg atoms.
Generation of kinetic Alfvén wave and whistler waves by parametric decay of high power laser in laser–plasma interaction
Authors: Dewan Himani , Uma R. , Sharma R. P.
Published: March 2020

In this paper, we report theoretical modeling for parametric decay instability of the high-intensity elliptically polarized laser beam [pump wave, (ω0)]. A wave–wave interaction model is investigated, based on the decay of the high-intensity elliptically polarized laser (ω0) into an oblique whistler wave (OWW, (ω1)) and a kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW, (ω2)). The importance of oblique whistler waves (OWWs, (ω1)) and kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs, (ω2)) similar to solar wind spectra [Chatterjee et al., Nat. Commun. 8, 15970 (2017)] has been pointed out, as a means to understand the turbulent magnetic field amplification, implicating electron and ion dynamics [Chatterjee et al., Nat. Commun. 8, 15970 (2017); Tzeferacos et al., Nat. Commun. 9, 591 (2018); Meinecke et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 112, 8211 (2015); Mondal et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 109, 8011 (2012); Romagnani et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 025001 (2019); Perri et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 191101 (2012); and Adak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 115001 (2015)]. In the nonlinear stage, the decay instability is expected to attain the turbulent state, via a cascade process or filamentation/modulation instability (oscillating two stream instability). Therefore, in the present paper, we have considered the first part of this research, namely, the beating mechanism (ω2=ω0−ω1), induced due to the nonlinear interaction of elliptically polarized laser velocity and oblique whistler wave density perturbation. The nonlinear saturation will be conferred in future investigations. Besides turbulence, the relevance of the present work to terahertz radiation generation [Singh et al., Europhys. Lett. 104, 35002 (2013); Dewan et al., Phys. Plasmas 25, 103105 (2018); Singh et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 022304 (2011); M. Singh and R. P. Sharma, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 53(7), 540–548 (2013); Adak et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 115001 (2015); G. Brodin and L. Stenflo, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 54, 623 (2014); L. Stenflo, Phys. Scr. T50, 15–19 (1994); Li et al., Phys. Rev. E 84, 036405 (2011); L. Stenflo, Phys. Scr. T107, 262 (2004); and R. Boyd, Nonlinear Optics, 3rd ed. (Elsevier, 2008), Chap. 2] and fast ignition laser fusion [Kumar et al., arXiv:1804.02200 (2018)] by ion heating has been emphasized. The coefficients for the nonlinear coupling pertaining to this parametric decay process and the growth rate of the decay instability are investigated.
Acceptor state anchoring in gallium nitride
Authors: Cameron D. , O'Donnell K. P. , Edwards P. R. , Peres M. , Lorenz K. , Kappers M. J. , Boćkowski M.
Published: March 2020

The dual nature of the magnesium acceptor in gallium nitride results in dynamic defect complexes. Europium spectator ions reveal switching between two spectrally unique metastable centers, each corresponding to a particular acceptor state. By ion co-implantation of europium and oxygen into GaN(Mg), we produce, in addition, an anchored state system. In doing so, we create an abundance of previously unidentified stable centers, which we denote as “Eu0(Ox).” We introduce a microscopic model for these centers with oxygen substituting for nitrogen in the bridging site.
Planar multifrequency mid-IR microwave-pumped lasers
Authors: Mineev A.P. , Nefedov S.M. , Pashinin P.P. , Goncharov P.A. , Kiselev V.V. , Stel’makh O.M.
Published: March 2020

The characteristics of planar repetitively pulsed diffusion-cooled HF, DF, HF – DF, Xe, and HF – DF – Xe(Kr) lasers pumped by a microwave discharge (2.45 GHz) are studied depending on the pump pulse duration (10 – 40 μs) and repletion rate (50 – 400 Hz), as well as on the composition and pressure of the working gas mixture (30 – 200 Torr) at low (to 0.6 L s−1) gas flow rates. It is demonstrated for the first time that a HF – DF – Xe gas-discharge laser may simultaneously operate as a HF – DF chemical molecular laser and a recombination laser based on xenon atom transitions and generate broadband (octave) radiation in the range 2.0 – 4.2 μm with an average output power of 43 mW and an efficiency of 0.9 %. With substitution of xenon for krypton, lasing in a HF – DF – Kr laser is obtained at wavelengths of 2.52 – 4.15 μm. Lasing in a HF – DF laser was achieved simultaneously in two spectral regions (2.7 – 2.9 and 3.6 – 4.2 μm) with an output power of ∼50 mW. It is found that a decrease in the pump pulse duration with a simultaneous increase in the pulse repletion rate for retaining the average energy deposition leads to an increase in the average output power and efficiency of the laser. At low pulse repetition rates (50 – 100 Hz) and a low gas mixture flow rate, helium buffer gas can be effectively substituted for neon. Operation of the Xe laser was achieved in the spectral range 2.03 – 3.65 μm with an average output power of 580 Mw at a pump pulse duration of 20 μs, a pulse repetition rate to 10 kHz, and a maximum efficiency of 55 %. The obtained experimental results demonstrate the possibility of creating broadband HF – DF – Xe lasers emitting in the frequency range 2 – 4 μm with a desired ratio of intensities in different spectral ranges.
Optical properties of Platonic clusters of plasmonic nanoparticles
Authors: Klimov V.V. , Sharonov G.V.
Published: March 2020

In the framework of the dipole approximation, we have developed a model of optical properties of a meta-atom consisting of spherical nanoparticles located at the vertices of Platonic solids. Based on the model, we have found and analysed the dynamics of changes in the optical spectra with a change in the length of the edge of a polyhedron. We have observed strong hybridisation and splitting of initially degenerate modes of individual nanoparticles. The obtained results can be used as the basis for the development of an optical nanosensor, which can determine the change in the chemical and biological composition of the environment.
Luminescence relaxation dynamics for planar and rolled-up CdSe nanocrystals in a photonic-crystal matrix
Authors: Selyukov A.S. , Danilkin M.I. , Eliseev S.P. , Kuznetsov A.S. , Grafova V.P. , Klimonsky S.O. , Vainer Yu.G. , Vasiliev R.B. , Vitukhnovsky A.G.
Published: March 2020

Samples of inverted photonic-crystal films, containing planar and rolled-up (in the form of scrolls) CdSe nanocrystals, are studied. The transmission spectra of these structures are recorded. These spectra (along with the change in colour) confirm the incorporation of nanocrystals into the films. The photoluminescence decay dynamics is investigated. It is shown that the photonic-crystal matrix affects significantly the luminescence kinetics of nanostructures. The differences in the decay curves measured for nanocrystals in a photonic-crystal matrix and for their ensemble on a glass substrate are explained by the influence of the photonic-crystal stop band and the orientational effect of crystalline matrix, which orients anisotropic nanocrystals and prevents them from aggregation. The results obtained may be important for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.
Spectroscopy of atoms in an optical dipole trap using spectrally selective heating by a probe laser field
Authors: Afanasiev A.E. , Mashko A.M. , Meysterson A.A. , Balykin V.I.
Published: March 2020

Spectral properties of atoms localised in an optical dipole trap are studied using the method of spectrally selective heating by a probe field. The method is based on measuring the number of atoms in a trap after they interact with a probe field. The dependence of the number of atoms on the frequency of the probe field fully characterises the shift and width of the spectral absorption line of trapped atoms.
Finance, infrastructure and urban capital: the political economy of African ‘gap-filling’
Authors: Goodfellow Tom
Published: March 2020

Financial flows into Africa are being reoriented through the pervasive discourse of the ‘infrastructure gap’. The article argues that the generation of new infrastructures identified as ‘alternative assets’ by global finance is also creating landscapes of opportunity for urban capital accumulation by more locally embedded actors. Thus, as international financial flows are becoming ‘infrastructuralised’, domestic capital is increasingly ‘real-estatised’. The conceptualisation of African urban economies in terms of deficits has obscured the extent to which they are also characterised by surfeits, including of certain kinds of property development and speculation, with important implications for the politics of urban accumulation, dispossession and violence.
FXR1 splicing is important for muscle development and biomolecular condensates in muscle cells
Authors: Smith Jean A. , Curry Ennessa G. , Blue R. Eric , Roden Christine , Dundon Samantha E.R. , Rodríguez-Vargas Anthony , Jordan Danielle C. , Chen Xiaomin , Lyons Shawn M. , Crutchley John , Anderson Paul , Horb Marko E. , Gladfelter Amy S. , Giudice Jimena
Published: March 2020

Fragile-X mental retardation autosomal homologue-1 (FXR1) is a muscle-enriched RNA-binding protein. FXR1 depletion is perinatally lethal in mice, Xenopus, and zebrafish; however, the mechanisms driving these phenotypes remain unclear. The FXR1 gene undergoes alternative splicing, producing multiple protein isoforms and mis-splicing has been implicated in disease. Furthermore, mutations that cause frameshifts in muscle-specific isoforms result in congenital multi-minicore myopathy. We observed that FXR1 alternative splicing is pronounced in the serine- and arginine-rich intrinsically disordered domain; these domains are known to promote biomolecular condensation. Here, we show that tissue-specific splicing of fxr1 is required for Xenopus development and alters the disordered domain of FXR1. FXR1 isoforms vary in the formation of RNA-dependent biomolecular condensates in cells and in vitro. This work shows that regulation of tissue-specific splicing can influence FXR1 condensates in muscle development and how mis-splicing promotes disease.
Fe–Al Phase Formation Studied by Internal Friction during Heating Process*
Authors: Hao Gang-Ling , Li Yu-Chuan , Wang Xing-Fu , Wang Wei-Guo , Wang Xin-Fu , Wang Dan , Li Xian-Yu
Published: March 2020

We systematically investigate the internal friction properties of a Fe–(43 at.%)Al powder mixture compact during the heating process with the expectation to understand the phase formation and transition process. Three internal friction peaks are successively observed during the heating process from room temperature to 750°C, but almost completely disappear in the subsequent cooling process. Three internal friction peaks exhibit obvious measuring frequency dependence, which increases with decreasing the frequency. The first internal friction peak originates from the micro-sliding of weak bonding interface between Al particles corresponding to a recrystallization process of deformed Al particles. The second internal friction peak is attributed to a phase formation process associated with the formation of the intermediate phase Fe2Al5. The third internal friction peak is considered to result from the formation of the FeAl intermetallic compound owing to the reaction of Fe2Al5 and residual Fe initiated by a dramatic thermal explosion reaction.
MBE Growth and Characterization of Strained HgTe (111) Films on CdTe/GaAs*
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhang Shengxi , Qiu Xiaofang , Wu Yan , Sun Qiang , Zou Jin , Li Tianxin , Chen Pingping
Published: March 2020

Strained HgTe thin films are typical three-dimensional topological insulator materials. Most works have focused on HgTe (100) films due to the topological properties resulting from uniaxial strain. In this study, strained HgTe (111) thin films are grown on GaAs (100) substrates with CdTe (111) buffer layers using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The optimal growth conditions for HgTe films are determined to be a growth temperature of 160°C and an Hg/Te flux ratio of 200. The strains of HgTe films with different thicknesses are investigated by high-resolution x-ray diffraction, including reciprocal space mapping measurements. The critical thickness of HgTe (111) film on CdTe/GaAs is estimated to be approximately 284 nm by Matthews’ equations, consistent with the experimental results. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy investigations indicate that high-quality HgTe films are obtained. This exploration of the MBE growth of HgTe (111) films provides valuable information for further studies of HgTe-based topological insulators.
Surface Morphology Improvement of Non-Polar a-Plane GaN Using a Low-Temperature GaN Insertion Layer*
Authors: Yan Shen , Hu Xiao-Tao , Die Jun-Hui , Wang Cai-Wei , Hu Wei , Wang Wen-Liang , Ma Zi-Guang , Deng Zhen , Du Chun-Hua , Wang Lu , Jia Hai-Qiang , Wang Wen-Xin , Jiang Yang , Li Guoqiang , Chen Hong
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate that a low-temperature GaN insertion layer could significantly improve the surface morphology of non-polar a-plane GaN.The two key factors in improving the surface morphology of non-polar a-plane GaN are growth temperature and growth time of the GaN insertion layer. The root-mean-square roughness of a-plane GaN is reduced by 75% compared to the sample without the GaN insertion layer. Meanwhile, the GaN insertion layer is also beneficial for improving crystal quality. This work provides a simple and effective method to improve the surface morphology of non-polar a-plane GaN.
High-Performance Germanium Waveguide Photodetectors on Silicon*
Authors: Li Xiu-Li , Liu Zhi , Peng Lin-Zhi , Liu Xiang-Quan , Wang Nan , Zhao Yue , Zheng Jun , Zuo Yu-Hua , Xue Chun-Lai , Cheng Bu-Wen
Published: March 2020

Germanium waveguide photodetectors with 4 μm widths and various lengths are fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates by selective epitaxial growth. The dependence of the germanium layer length on the responsivity and bandwidth of the photodetectors is studied. The optimal length of the germanium layer to achieve high bandwidth is found to be approximately 8 μm. For the 4 × 8 μm2 photodetector, the dark current density is as low as 5 mA/cm2 at −1 V. At a bias of −1 V, the 1550 nm optical responsivity is as high as 0.82 A/W. Bandwidth as high as 29 GHz is obtained at −4 V. Clear opened eye diagrams at 50 Gbits/s are demonstrated at 1550 nm.
Four-wave mixing in spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Hung Nguyen Viet , Szańkowski Piotr , Konotop Vladimir V , Trippenbach Marek
Published: March 2020

We describe possibilities of spontaneous, degenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) processes in spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensates. Phase matching conditions (i.e., energy and momentum conservation laws) in such systems allow one to identify four different configurations characterized by involvement of distinct spinor states in which such a process can take place. We derived these conditions from first principles and then illustrated dynamics with direct numerical simulations. We found, among others, the unique configuration, where both probe waves have smaller group velocity than pump wave and proved numerically that it can be observed experimentally under proper choice of the parameters. We also reported the case when two different FWM processes can occur simultaneously. The described resonant interactions of matter waves is expected to play an important role in the experiments of BEC with artificial gauge fields. Beams created by FWM processes are an important source of correlated particles and can be used in the experiments testing quantum properties of atomic ensembles.
The effect of glycerol concentration and breadfruit flour mass on edible film characteristics
Authors: Yulistiani F , Khairunisa N , Fitiana R
Published: March 2020

Breadfruit flour is one of basic ingredient in edible films making. Poor properties of edible film produced from natural starch can be improved by adding glycerol, as plasticizer that can improve its elasticity, and chitosan as hydrophobic substance that can increase its moisture resistance. While the amount of starch raw materials can improve film’s compactness. This research is held to discover the effect of glycerol concentration and breadfruit flour mass on edible film characteristics. This research variates the amount of raw materials (6 grams; 8 grams; 10 grams; 12 grams) and glycerol concentrations (20 percent; 25 percent; 30 percent; 35 percent (w/w)). The characteristics of edible films observed in this research are tensile strength and Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR). Almost all research products have tensile strength and WVTR value that meet grade 4 and grade 5 Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) for edible film. The best tensile strength value (93.432 kgf/square cm) was obtained when the amount of breadfruit flour is 10 grams and glycerol concentration 20 percent, while the best WVTR value (3.210 gr/square m.hour) was obtained when the amount of breadfruit flour is 12 grams and glycerol concentration 20 percent.
The effect of microwave power variations on phytochemical characteristic of pandan leaves (Pandanus Amaryllifolius) using the Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE)
Authors: Djenar N S , Mulyono E W S , Saputra T R
Published: March 2020

Pandan leaves (Pandanus Amaryllifolius) are widely used as aroma ingredients, spices, flavouring ingredients, and green givers on dishes or snacks. The extracts of Pandan leaves consist of a number of active compounds in a group of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, polyphenols, and dyes. From several research results, these active compounds can be obtained through Soxhlet extraction, supercritical CO2 extraction and maceration. However, the type of extraction above requires a relatively longer time with low yield extract. In this research Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) method using water as solvent. Varying microwave power and extraction time were used to extract active compounds from pandan leaves. The results of this research showed that the highest yield of pandan leaves extract obtained was 23.53 percent at 450 Watt microwave power. Based on the phytochemical test, it was found that pandan leaves extract positively contain alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Using spectrophotometry method obtained the highest flavonoid concentration of 0.4130 percent at 450 Watt microwave power.
The effect size and composition of bioreactor from sand and compost to porosity purpose of bed
Authors: Fauzan A , Rispiandi
Published: March 2020

Population increase causes the need for products from plants also to increase and land is decreasing so a certain process of intensification in agriculture needed. One of them is by making a plant bioreactor that can be modelled as a fixed bed composed of compost and grains of sand. The spatial structure of the bioreactor can facilitate the presence of water, air, root system development, and life systems of various soil biota so that they are create a mechanism of production on demand for plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain the effect of bed variations on the porosity parameter (ԑ). Bed variations consist of size variations (not sifted; 4 - 2 mm; 2 - 1 mm; 1 mm - 500 μm; 500 - 250 μm and 250 - 125 μm) and composition variations (100:0; 25:75; 50:50; 75:25 and 0:100) from compost and sand. The results showed that the addition of compost would increase the porosity of bed. The bed consisting of sand and compost with a ratio of 25:75 with a diameter of 4 - 2 mm is a good composition to increase porosity of bed with a porosity value around (ԑ) of 0.7.
Process simulation of propylene production from crude palm oil by hydrodeoxygenation and propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Trirahayu D A
Published: March 2020

The petrochemical industry is a branch of the chemical industry that utilizes raw materials in the form of oil and gas through chemical or physical processes to produce various olefin and aromatic-based industrial products. One of the key products in the petrochemical industry is propylene. Propylene is used for the manufacture of polypropylene resins, acrylic acids and its derivatives, propylene glycol, and others. Several attempts to produce propylene from other raw material sources such as natural gas and coal have been made, but given its non-renewable nature, there needs to be a solution for the utilization of renewable natural resources as raw material for making propylene. One of the potential renewable resources in Indonesia is CPO. The process of turning CPO into green diesel is known as the Hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. This process produces green diesel around 83 percent and propane around 5 percent. Propane produced can be converted into propylene by the Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH) process. The simulation process was designed using Aspen Hysys version 8.8. The simulation indicates that from 10.10 m^3/h CPO can be produced 10.73 m^3/h green diesel and 1.03 m^3/h propane with purity 99.85 percent. From propane dehydrogenation can be produced around 0.8 m^3/h propylene with purity 99.06 percent.
Applications of micro size anorganic membrane of clay, zeolite and active carbon as filters for peat water purification
Authors: Saifuddin S , Lisa A , Amalia Z , Faridah F , Elfiana E
Published: March 2020

Ceramic membrane is one of technology membrane which used as a filtration. Filtration process is the easy way to solve the problem for water purification. Ceramic membrane was used as filtration for peat water. Peat water is the surface water of peat soils that contain high organic matter as well as high enough iron, acidic taste with a pH of 3-5 and a low level of hardness. Therefore, one of the managements of peat water is by using ceramic membrane. The goal of this study is making ceramic membrane from clay, zeolite and activated carbon as a filter for peat water. The research was conducted by using ceramic membrane with composition ratio of 80:10:10; 70:20:10; 60:30:10; 50:40:10, respectively, with the temperature of combustion varied from 600, 700 and 800 Degree Celsius, respectively. The ceramic membrane applied as a filtration for peat water. The permeats from filtration process using ceramic membrane had been analyzed parameter which indicate the good quality of peat water. This study obtained the highest Fe2+ removal efficiency in peat water by 100 percent, the highest Mn2+ removal efficiency of 99.94 percent, followed by a TDS removal efficiency of 82.58 percent and turbidity 95.65 percent.
Biogas purification using water scrubber with variations of water flow rate and biogas pressure
Authors: Gantina T M , Iriani P , Maridjo  , Wachjoe C K
Published: March 2020

Biogas is a form of alternative energy which can be obtained from the anaerobic degradation process of organic materials. The presence of CO2 in biogas needs to be removed to increase its CH4 concentration, which simultaneously increasing its calorific value and biogas qualities. This study used the water scrubber method to absorb CO2 and separate it from the CH4 contained in biogas. The variables used are the biogas pressures of 2, 3, and 4 bar and water flow rates of 0.1 and 0.15 L/s with a contact time of 60 seconds. The results of this study showed that the greatest effectiveness in both CO2 removal of 99.5 percent and CH4 increase of 38.18 percent were obtained at biogas pressure of 4 bar and water flow rate of 0.15 L/s. The most effective results of CO2 biogas removal were obtained at greater biogas pressures and water flow rates.
Catalyst to oil mass ratio optimization on fluid catalytic cracking process in green gasoline production
Authors: Styani E , Foliatini  , Ekananda R , Tandaju S R
Published: March 2020

Palm oil has potential as raw material for green gasoline as renewable energy source. One of the most important variables to support the achievement optimum operating condition in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process was the mass ratio of catalyst to oil (c/o). The FCC process simulation was carried out by using an Advance Cracking Evaluation (ACE) unit at mass ratio c/o (4.00, 5.00, 5.56, 6.00, 6.52) w/w ASTM D3907. The quality test of the FCC product were distribution of boiling point by using Refinery Gas Analyzer (RGA) Chromatography ASTM D2504 and using high temperature distillation simulating gas chromatography ASTM D7169, octane number by using Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis (DHA) Chromatography ASTM D6730 and coke formation by using CO Analyzer ASTM D6316. The study shown that the most optimum c/o ratio in FCC process was at ratio 6.00 w/w with the amount of dry gas product 2.48 percent w/w, LPG 27.36 percent w/w, gasoline 41.81 percent w/w, LCO 11.54 percent w/w, HCO 0.00 percent w/w, bottom 3.71 w/w, and coke 12.99 percent w/w with octane number was 84.693. It can be concluded that FCC process of the palm oil mixture feed at this ratio has better quality than PT Pertamina’s FCC feed.
Lithium extraction from brine water Tirtasanita Bogor, Indonesia by evaporation method
Authors: Lalasari L H , Andriyah L , Arini T , Sulistiyono E , Prasetyo A B , Firdiyono F , Natasha N C
Published: March 2020

The objectives of this research are to characterize the chemical composition of brine water, Tirtasanita Bogor, Indonesia and investigate the influence of brine water vaporization ratio on lithium content and other chemical elements of brine water. The research method is brine water evaporated at boiling point using distillation equipment with various evaporation ratios up to 50 percent; 75 percent; 80 percent; 87.5 percent and 90 percent volume of brine water. The distillation process produces distillate and brine water liquid containing salt deposits. The brine water liquid from the evaporation process was then filtered to separate the filtrate of brine water and salt deposit. Distillate and filtrate of brine water were analysed by ICP-OES to know the chemical composition of both such as Li, K, Na, Ca, and Mg. The salt deposits were characterized by SEM-EDS. The experimental results show that the chemical compositions of brine water Tirtasanita Bogor, Indonesia are 17.27 ppm Li; 409.98 ppm K; 1929.87 ppm Na; 185.71 ppm Ca; 146.02 ppm Mg. From the result of SEM-EDS analysis shows that salt deposit has a spherical morphology with the dominant Ca content. This salt deposit is indicated as CaCO3 compound.
Song River discharge utilization analysis for Bunutin Rice Fields irrigation system
Authors: Parwita I G L , Mudhina M , Yasada G , Suprapto I P A
Published: March 2020

Song River is a small river with a wide variety of 5 to 18 meter of water sourced from Lake Batur to the south through Bunutin Village in Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. The existence of this river is important because it is the main source of irrigation water in the Bunutin agricultural land which covers about 152 ha of rice fields. Utilization of Song river discharge for irrigation on Bunutin agricultural land has relied on water from community rock piles with water extraction in the form of 1.2 km of land tunnel. The tunnel has a high variable dimension of 0.75 to 1 meter and a varied width of 0.6 to 0.8 meter. This research was conducted through the stages of observation, measurement and analysis of river characteristics. The results of the flood analysis showed Q50 is equal to 21.81 cubic meter per second. Based on the existing situation, the placement of weirs is placed behind a tunnel with a width of 18 meter in the form of ogee crest weir. Weir material in the form of stone pairs.
Evaluation of liquefaction potential using cone penetration test (CPT) and standard penetration test (SPT)
Authors: Suryanegara Dwipa R S , Arya I W , Wiraga I W , Pramana I M W
Published: March 2020

To evaluate soil resistance against liquefaction, a simplified procedure has been developed based on directly field soil testing. There are four recommended field tests, including CPT and SPT. Soil resistance to liquefaction is measured by the safety factor SF, which is the ratio between the capacity of the soil to resist liquefaction cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) and the soil stress occurs due to an earthquake cyclic stress ratio (CSR). If SF <1, liquefaction occurs. This research was carried out at Sanur area, Southeast Denpasar City, Bali, by conducting 6 pairs of CPT and SPT tests, each of 6-meter depth. The Ground Water Level (GWL) at this area is 1.5 meter below the soil surface. The soil type is silty sand to sandy silt, with the unit weight between 1.617 to 1.837 g/cm^3. The calculation results, both with CPT and SPT, show that the soil layer did not experience liquefaction with earthquake magnitude Mw = 4.0. At Mw = 5.0, liquefaction occurs in most soil layers, except the 1.5-meter upper soil layer. On Mw = 6.0, almost all soil layers experience liquefaction. Evaluation of soil resistance to liquefaction using CPT and SPT gives results that are not much different.
Waste management based on indigenous communities in Jatiluwih Village
Authors: Winaya I N A P
Published: March 2020

The population in Jatiluwih Village continues to increase with an average rate of population increase of 1.03 percent starting from 2014 until 2018. Waste management consists of short-term, medium-term, and long-term plan. Based on Regional Regulation of Tabanan Regency number 11 years 2012 about facilities and infrastructure of Integrated Waste Management Site (TPST), it is developed as a place to carry out collection, sorting, reuse, recycling, processing and final processing garbage. It is divided into several service areas. So that it can improve the quality and coverage of waste management services and reduce the volume of waste that must be sent to landfill. Composition waste on Jatiluwih Village is 71 percent organic and 29 percent an-organic. Wet organic domination bay waste from house is vegetable and food, dry organic is waste from temple and backyard, an-organic domination by bottle drinking and plastic bag. Media for waste in the house not in good condition. Jatiluwih Village have potency to treatment the waste from organic using reducing, and an-organic partnership with collected waste.
The effect of Welded Wire Fabric (WWF) confinement on axial capacity of hollow columns
Authors: Suasira I W , Sudiasa I W , Jaya I M , Santiana I A , Tapayasa I M
Published: March 2020

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of installing different sizes of Welded Wire Fabric (WWF) as a concrete restraint on axial carrying capacity of hollow columns. WWF is used with a wire spacing of 12.2 times 12.2 mm, 19 times 19 mm, 25 times 25 mm, with a diameter of 0.7 mm. A hole of 1 inch in the column causes a decrease in compressive strength of the column of 5.62 percent, i.e., from compressive strength of 226.697 kg per square cm (specimen A) to its compressive strength 214, 065 kg per square cm (specimen B). The percentage increase in axial carrying capacity of the perforated column type C is 13.16 percent, W1 is 2.96 percent, W2 is 11.33 percent, W3 is 13.27 percent, SW1 is 0.51 percent, SW2 is 5.51 percent and SW3 is 9.08 percent. WWF is able to increase compressive strength of hollow concrete columns by W1 is 7.08 percent, W2 is 12.41 percent, W3 is 14.36 percent, SW1 is 4.53 percent, SW2 is 9.73 percent and SW3 is 14.59 percent.