bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of road safety parameters in the city of Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Nkurunziza David , Tafahomi Rahman , Faraja Irumva Augustin
Published: June 2021

Increase in vehicular population has led to increase in road crashes. This is particularly very evident in low- and middle-income countries. Rwanda is no exception to this problem. While various factors influence the occurrence of a crash, it is argued that road design can make roads either safe or unsafe to drive. This research examines geometric parameters of roads in the City of Kigali, with emphasis on checking their safety parameters in comparison with design standards of AASHTO 2011. The case study of this research was „KN 123 St‟, a two-lane asphalt road located in the center of the City of Kigali. Road parameters like lane widths, curve radii, super-elevation, sight distances and slope grades were examined. The research found various areas of improvement, inconsistencies and non-conformities. The findings established a clear relationship between ignored safety parameters during design and construction, and road crashes that happened on specifically identified hazardous spots. For instance, there is an extreme abrupt change in lane widths over the whole length at a rate of 74%. Unsafe sharp curves make half of all evaluated horizontal curves. Curves with the smallest radii have already recorded many crashes. The study found that super-elevation values have been inadequately computed, designed, and constructed with an average variance of 5%. About 80% of assessed vertical curves had insufficient stopping sight distance and 90% of headlight sight distance likewise. Apart from geometric parameters, high operating speeds of car drivers and motorcyclists, lack of shoulders, lack of zebra crossings and left sidewalk were found as extra causes of traffic injuries. While widening of the road could potentially help meet most safety parameters, it is arguably expensive and unrealistic. Therefore, this study recommends speed governance, forgiving roadside features, traffic signalization, and road markings as tools to alert drivers where most crash-prone areas are.

Keywords: Road safety, Geometric design, Safety assessment, Road Crashes, AASHTO 2011
Reviewing the links between climate change and resource conflict
Authors: Anthonia Abugu Nkechinyere , Bello Yero Ahmed , Oliatan Odele Muyiwa , Macaulay Irene Amahagbor
Published: June 2021

Knowledge of the relationship between climate change and resource conflict is paramount in resolving resource conflict between farmers and herdsmen in Nigeria. However, there is yet no general agreement on how climate change causes or influences resource conflict. Thus, a review of existing literature that link climate change and resource conflict was conducted for identification of the missing link. These were achieved through the review of literature published in the era of the recent global climate change from late 90s to date. Selections of papers were based on the topic and date of publication. Result showed that there is general agreement that climate change influence resource conflicts. Some of the authors agreed that climate change cannot cause resource conflict in isolation but through influences on other factors that affect resource availability, accessibility and utility. These factors are also influenced by policies and socio-cultural system. Thus, resource conflict may be a secondary or tertiary effect of climate change. Climate change solution is scares in literature that linked climate change and resource conflict. Thus, future studies should be focused on climate change solution to resource conflict.

Keywords: Climate change, Resource conflict, Literature review, Famers
Molecular characterisation of fungi associated with sewage-impacted soil
Authors: Iyanyi N. G. , Ataga A. E. , Obichi E. A , Agbasoga S. C.
Published: June 2021

The decay of faecal matter from a septic system causes the arousal of fungi in the surrounding soil. These fungi can cause diseases if there is sewage spillage containing untreated or improperly treated wastewaters. Molecular techniques of identification of fungi have shown to be more dependable than traditional methods of identifying fungal species. This study was carried out to identify the fungal species associated with soil obtained from sewage-impacted soil near a septic tank using both traditional cultural techniques and molecular method. Fungi associated with the soil samples were isolated using serial dilution and Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) method. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) was extracted from the pure cultures of fungal isolates using Quick DNA Fungal/Bacterial Miniprep kit. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the fungal isolates was carried out using universal primer pair; ITS4 and ITS5. The PCR products were sequenced and the sequences were blasted against National Centre for Biotechnology Information database. The result of the nucleotide sequence analysis revealed the identity of the isolates as Trichoderma harzanium with 580 base pairs and Aspergillus welwitschiae with 560 base pairs. Sequences of the isolates were aligned and compared with sequences on GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was constructed. The cultural method only aided in suggesting the suspected genera of the isolates while the molecular method was able to identify the isolates to the species level. This study will promote the knowledge of the fungal species associated with sewage-impacted soil and also aid researchers in proffering ways to enhance the prevention/control of diseases associated with sewage spill.

Keyword: Septic tank, fungi, soil, phylogeny, sequencing
2-dimensional modeling of high-resolution aeromagnetic data over Yola arm of the upper Benue trough, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Hayatudeen Musa , Bassey Nsikak E. , Rasaq Bello
Published: June 2021

2-D modeling of high-resolution aeromagnetic data over the area investigated was carried out with the aid of Oasis MontajTM software in order to get the total magnetic intensity map as well as the residual map from where the modeling was carried out. The data was acquired for Nigeria Geological Survey Agency (NGSA) in 2010 by Fugro international of Netherlands. The specifications of the data were terrain clearance of 80 m, flight line spacing of 500 m and a tie line spacing of 5000 m. The area investigated in this work is located between longitude 120 00' - 130 30' E and Latitude 80 00' – 100 00'N. GM-SYS module of the Oasis montaj was used for this research, with depocentres, structural patterns, basement geometry and morphology as well as estimates of the physical character of the cause to an investigated anomaly determined. The models reveal the horst and graben structures of the basement and the various faults that segmented the area into block patterns. The results revealed sediment thickness in the range of 2-5 km for the models which are in agreement with the results obtained by various researchers in the area. Horst and graben were identified in the models which confirmed the rifting nature of the Benue Trough. The authors of this research are of the view that these depocentres, structural patterns and basement geometry may be a promising site for hydrocarbon traps and reservoirs.

Keywords: Aeromagnetic Data, GM-SYS, Modeling, Horst, Graben.
Evaluation des caractéristiques, morphologiques physico-chimiques et sensorielles de la purée de deux variétés de tomates locales produites à petite échelle à Man (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Yeo Mohamed Anderson , Kone Mohamed Ba , Koffi Ernest Kouadio , Coulibaly Lacina
Published: June 2021

Cette étude découle d’un vaste projet de production sur différents substrats (hors sol, plein champs) et de valorisation de la tomate, dans la région montagneuse de Man. Aussi, ces expériences, qui s’inscrivent dans le cadre de la valorisation par la transformation des fruits de la production, ont-elles été menées dans l’optique d’évaluer les caractéristiques morphologiques, physico-chimiques et sensorielles des fruits et de la purée des deux variétés de tomates produites. Il s’agit de la tomate traditionnelle (Tmt 1), variété la plus utilisée dans les ménages ruraux de la région montagneuse de Man et la tomate (Tmt 2), d’usage commun pour les plats de salades en zone urbaine. Cette dernière se reconnaît par ses fruits de forme allongée (Cf= 1,93±0,10> 1), de couleur rouge et moins foncée (Couleur ΔE 26,5±0,00) que la première variété (Couleur ΔE 30,3±0,00). Avec des taux de matière sèche différents ; (11,93±0,49% pour la purée de tomate Tmt 1 et de 8,81±0,52% pour la purée de tomate Tmt2, les purées qui en sont produites ont des teneurs très importantes en minéraux. Ces taux élevés pourraient ainsi permettre de compenser des carences en nutriments des populations de la zone. De plus, les pH aussi bas (3,93±0,00) pour la purée de Tmt1 et 4,13±0,01 pour celle de Tmt2, confèrent une acidité élevée à ces purées et donc une meilleure conservation. Le traitement thermique appliqué au produit à 80 °C pendant 15 Minutes garantit à la purée une bonne stabilité microbiologique conforme à la norme AFNOR (NFV-08-402). L’analyse sensorielle, basée sur les critères de la couleur (rouge), le goût salé, l’acidité et la consistance révèle que la purée produite à partir de la tomate Tmt1 est la plus appréciée des dégustateurs.Mots clés : Tomate, Morphologie, purées, physico-chimique, Man, Côte d’Ivoire
Techniques for Ensuring Fault Ride-Through Capability of Grid Connected DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Systems: A Review
Authors: Shuaibu M. , Abubakar A.S. , Shehu A.F.
Published: June 2021

Renewable energy sources (RES) are being integrated to electrical grid to complement the conventional sources to meet up with global electrical energy demand. Among other RES, Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) have gained global electricity market competitiveness because of the flexible regulation of active and reactive power, higher power quality, variable speed operation, four quadrant converter operation and better dynamic performance. Grid connected DFIG-based WECS are prone to disturbances in the network because of direct connection of stator windings to grid. The ability of the Wind Turbine (WT) to remain connected during grid faults is termed the Fault Ride-Through (FRT) capability. The grid code requirement for integrating the DFIG-based WTs to power networks specified that they must remain connected and support the grid stability during grid disturbances of up to 1500 ms. The use of compensation devices offers the best FRT compliance thereby protecting the DFIG and the converters from voltage fluctuations and over currents during the grid fault. The paper presents a review of techniques employed in ensuring FRT compliance. The article also proposes the state-of-the-art techniques for compensating voltage sag/swell and limiting the fault short-circuit current.

Keywords: Renewable energy sources, DFIG, wind turbine system, fault ride-through, grid codes, dual-functional DVR
Multi-Type FACTS Controllers for Power System Compensation: A Case Study of the Nigerian 48-Bus, 330 kV System
Authors: Nkan I.E. , Okpo E.E. , Okoro O.I.
Published: June 2021

Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have provided proficient answers to power system instabilities faced in the systems operations today with very little infrastructural investment fund. This paper investigates the effects of the installation of the combination of two kinds of FACTS controllers; static VAR compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) compared with the installation of SVC or TCSC alone in the system. Voltage magnitude profile, active and reactive power losses of the three scenarios were achieved in the Nigerian 48-bus power system network using power system analysis toolbox (PSAT) in MATLAB environment. Simulation results obtained without and with FACTS devices optimally placed using voltage stability sensitivity factor (VSSF), revealed that the percentage decrease of the net real and reactive power losses of the combined SVC and TCSC was the highest at 31.917% whereas that of the standalone SVC and TCSC stood at 19.769% and 30.863% respectively. This shows that in addition to their capabilities to maintain acceptable voltage profile, the combination of SVC and TCSC has better compensating effect as they mitigate against power losses which was observed in their high percentage decrease in power losses compared to the standalone FACTS devices.

Keywords: FACTS, optimum location, PSAT, SVC, TCSC, VSSF
An Analysis of Employee Motivation in a Multinational Context in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Acha-Anyi Paul Nkemngu , Masaraure Robson
Published: June 2021

This study assesses motivational preferences of employees in a multinational context in Sub Saharan Africa. Using the Grundfos group operating sites in Ghana, Kenya and South Africa as a case study, the study explores quantitative data on possible differences in employee motivational factors based on selected variables such as location, length of service and managerial status. Questionnaires were employed in collecting data from 131 participants from the three locations of Grundfos Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Results of the study reveal that the factor “equal treatment of employees” is considered most important among the respondents. It is also noted that there were no significant statistical differences among the participants based on the examined variables. Policy and practical implications of the findings of this study are discussed, particularly around the development and implementation of Human resources policies that address employee perceptions of equity. This study makes a contribution to existing literature on employee motivation in multinational settings.
La rentabilidad del terror: el caso vasco
Authors: Savater Fernando
Published: June 2021

El problema de convivencia instalado en la sociedad vasca no deja de ser una cuestión artificial. Nunca ha existido un enfrentamiento entre dos comunidades en el País Vasco. La violencia de ETA se antoja, cuando menos, gratuita y fuera de lugar: si bien es cierto que su origen puede localizarse en la lucha antifascista contra la dictadura franquista, no lo es menos que gran parte de su actividad de terror ha sido llevada a cabo en tiempos de democracia. Las aspiraciones nacionalistas fueron acogidas sobradamente en el Estatuto de Autonomía, junto a los signos de identidad que el PNV hizo valer: bandera, himno y denominación territorial. Se dotó, asimismo, de medios de comunicación al gobierno vasco y se instituyó la convivencia lingüística entre el castellano y el euskera. El terrorismo vasco, por tanto, posee rasgos particulares diferenciadores, pues es la única democracia en el mundo en la que los atacados son los gobernados, no los gobernantes.
Movimientos tecnopolíticos en Latinoamérica. Comparación del #yosoy132 y el movimiento estudiantil chileno
Authors: García Sánchez Sergio
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se realiza la comparación de dos movimientos sociales latinoamericanos: el Movimiento Estudiantil Chileno (2011) y el movimiento #YoSoy132 en México. El estudio de los dos movimientos intenta descifrar las características de éstos, sus diferencias y similitudes. Se compara con la intención de poder observar sus particularidades. Los casos los estudiamos, primero desde una mirada histórica-descriptiva; segundo, analizamos la estructura, la forma de organización y la toma de decisiones; tercero, revisamos las estrategias de movilización y acción política; cuarto, indagamos las estrategias de comunicación; y, quinto, revisamos los alcances y posibles éxitos de los dos movimientos estudiados. Para el desarrollo de estas variables, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a participantes de los movimientos, lo cual nos permitió reflejar la mirada del actor en su complejidad social.
Herencia digital, términos y condiciones de uso y problemas derivados de la praxis social. Un análisis desde la filosofía del derecho
Authors: Rodríguez-Prieto Rafael , Martínez-Cabezudo Fernando
Published: June 2021

En esta investigación partimos de la inadecuación del actual sistema de derecho sucesorio en el entorno digital para llegar a realizar una crítica del abuso de la posición dominante que realizan algunos de los actores más importantes de Internet. Mediante la poblematización de la actuación de las grandes compañías, la praxis social y el propio ordenamiento jurídico se discute si la actual forma de contratación de servicios digitales para la interacción social dispuesta en base a acuerdos de adhesión es respetuosa con las garantías jurídicas de nuestro ordenamiento. De esta manera, en última instancia, presentamos una reflexión sobre la propia inserción democrática de la praxis social en la Red y el modo de explotación económica que se lleva a cabo en esta.
Contra la mitificación de internet: Una aproximación a la tensión entre un imaginario mercantil y un imaginario compartido en internet
Authors: Rodríguez Prieto Rafael
Published: June 2021

Una batalla por el control de Internet se produce a diario ante nuestros ojos. La gente está cansada de que la falta de acción de gobiernos y la arrogancia de los proveedores posibilite que el futuro de la información pueda quedar en manos de estos últimos al construir las redes a imagen y semejanza de sus intereses. Internet puede ser positivo en el sentido del acceso a información relevante en la comunidad y más allá de ella. Internet ha sido una relevante herramienta para desarrollar el cambio político en el mundo. Internet es también relevante para el desarrollo económico y las comunicaciones. Pero puede ser también negativo. Hoy las reglas de las autopistas de la información se realizan por las corporaciones globales con poca supervisión pública. Internet puede ser utilizado para controlar a los ciudadanos. Internet es cada vez más una herramienta usada por megacorporaciones para apropiarse y controlar lo que debería ser propiedad pública, pero de hecho puede terminar siendo propiedad privada. La alternativa es desarrollar Internet como una herramienta cooperativa, común y libre.
Проблемы правового восприятия явлений экстремизма и терроризма в разных ментальных цивилизациях: общетеоретический и историко-философские аспекты
Authors: ОГАНЕСЯН СЕРГЕЙ С. , ХААДИ ТАРИМ А.
Published: June 2021

Введение: в статье раскрываются специфика восприятия таких явлений, как экстремизм и терроризм, в разных ментальных цивилизациях – язычества (многобожия), единобожия и научного мировосприятия – с позиций правового сознания этносов: обычного, канонического и светского. Цель: показать, что те явления, которые в современном мире именуются экстремизмом и терроризмом и подлежат уголовному наказанию, в ментальные эпохи язычества и монотеизма воспринимались прямо противоположным образом. Методы исследования: использованы методы анализа исторических сведений о явлениях экстремизма и терроризма в разные эпохи, связанные с цивилизационной ментальностью этносов и народов, а также обобщение (синтез) полученных сведений. Результаты исследования: демонстрация отношения к тем явлениям, которые сегодня именуются экстремизмом и терроризмом, в разных ментальных цивилизациях позволяет не только понять исторически обусловленную природу названных явлений, но и выстроить адекватную систему противодействия им посредством изменения существующих в настоящее время подходов и методов. Выводы: современные религиозные экстремисты и террористы являются выразителями уходящих с исторической арены религиозного мировосприятия и соответствующего образа жизни. Их ресоциализацию необходимо проводить с учетом цивилизационной ментальности именно религиозных людей, опираясь прежде всего на толерантные возможности самих священных писаний. В ближайшие годы на фоне закономерного угасания религиозного экстремизма и терроризма произойдет усиление таких видов светского экстремизма и терроризма, как политический, социальный, расовый и языковой, то есть всех тех, которые перечислены в ст. 280 и 282 УК РФ. Данные виды экстремизма требуют прежде всего формирования высокого правосознания граждан страны, и здесь без системной и целенаправленной работы воспитательных и психологических служб УИС не обойтись.
Ключевые слова: экстремизм; терроризм; монотеизм; язычество; научное мировосприятие; религиозные войны
Правомерные и неправомерные деяния в системе юридических фактов уголовно-исполнительного права: теория вопроса
Authors: НОВИКОВ ЕГОР Е.
Published: June 2021

Введение: в статье рассмотрены правомерные и неправомерные деяния как виды юридических фактов, влияющих на функционирование уголовно-исполнительных правоотношений. В теории права данные правовые явления остались без внимания, что не удовлетворяет потребностям уголовно-исполнительной науки и практики. Цель: на основе анализа правомерных и неправомерных деяний выделить свойства, признаки и внутреннее содержание рассматриваемых юридических фактов, выявить проблемы закрепления анализируемых правовых явлений в нормах права и определить направления их решения. Методы: сравнительно-правовой, эмпирические методы описания, интерпретации, теоретические методы формальной и диалектической логики, метод толкования правовых норм. Результаты: анализ правомерных деяний позволил выделить их признаки, внутреннее содержание и рекомендации к их закреплению. Исследование неправомерных деяний дало возможность рассмотреть сущность, виды и признаки объективно-противоправных деяний осужденных. Выводы: при изучении правомерных деяний был сформулирован вывод о том, что законодатель должен исключить правомерное бездействие там, где оно пересекается с обязанностью субъекта уголовно-исполнительных правоотношений действовать (когда право субъекта, по сути, является его обязанностью). Резюмируется, что совершение осужденным объективно-противоправного деяния не должно являться основанием для привлечения его к ответственности. Юридические факты, свидетельствующие об ином (не объективно-противоправном) правонарушающем поведении осужденных вне зависимости от его вида должны влечь за собой безальтернативное наступление ответственности. Однако законодатель не фиксирует данные правонарушающие юридические факты в главах, регламентирующих исполнение и отбывание наказаний в виде лишения права занимать определенные должности или заниматься определенной деятельностью, ареста и всех видов наказаний, предназначенных для военнослужащих, что, полагаем, существенно затрудняет развитие уголовно-исполнительных правоотношений.
Ключевые слова: юридические факты; правомерные деяния; неправомерные деяния; уголовно-исполнительные правоотношения; объективно-противоправные деяния; неправомерное бездействие; правомерное бездействие
Features of Legal Perception of the Phenomena of Extremism and Terrorism in Different Mental Civilizations: General Theoretical and Historical-Philosophical Aspects
Authors: OGANESYAN SERGEI S. , KHAADI TARIM A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: the article reveals how extremism and terrorism are perceived in different mental civilizations: paganism (polytheism), monotheism and scientific worldview, from the standpoint of the legal consciousness of ordinary, canonical and secularethnic groups. The aim is to show that those phenomena which in the modern world are called extremism and terrorism and are subject to criminal punishment were perceived in exactly the opposite way in the mental eras of paganism and monotheism. Research methods: we use analysis of historical information about the phenomena of extremism and terrorism in different eras, related to the civilizational mentality of ethnic groups and peoples; we also use generalization (synthesis) of the information obtained. Results: revealing the attitude toward the phenomena that are now called “extremism” and “terrorism” in different mental civilizations allows us not only to understand the historically determined nature of these phenomena, but also to build an adequate system to counter them by changing existing approaches and methods. Conclusions: modern religious extremists and terrorists representinterests of the religious worldview and the way of life that are leaving the historical arena. Their re-socialization should be carried out taking into account civilizational mentality of religious people, relying primarily on the tolerant capabilities of the Holy Scriptures themselves. In the coming years, against the background of the natural decline of religious extremism and terrorism, there will be a rise of such types of “secular” extremism and terrorism as political, social, racial and linguistic, i.e. all those types of extremism that are listed in Articles 280 and 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In order to counteract these types of extremism, it is necessary, first of all, to develop high legal awareness in citizens; in this regard, it is crucial that educational and psychological services of the Russian Penal System carry out systemwide and purposeful work in this direction.
Keywords: extremism; terrorism; monotheism; paganism; scientific worldview; religious wars
Basic Model of the Psychological Well-Being of VIPE FSIN Cadets and Penitentiary Staff
Authors: MALYSHEV KONSTANTIN B. , MALYSHEVA OLGA A.
Published: June 2021

Introduction: in the present paper, we establish a connection between psychological well-being and occupational orientation of an individual and build a complete, ordered and comprehensive picture to measure the profiles of psychological well-being of an individual. Aim: to build a three-factor basic model and optimize the corresponding basic measurement technique for psychological well-being of an individual. Methods: systembased modeling of information about the psychological well-being of an individual. The hypothesis of the study: the psychological well-being of an individual is associated with their occupational orientation. The study pursues the following research tasks: 1) to build a three-factor basic model for psychological well-being and establish its connection with the occupational orientation of an individual; 2) to use a basic approach when designing a technique to measure the psychological well-being of an individual and to optimize the appropriate procedure for its application in psychodiagnostic practice; 3) to build a complete, ordered and comprehensive picture to assess the profiles of psychological well-being of an individual; 4) to determine the dominant profile of the psychological wellbeing of VIPE FSIN Russia cadets and penitentiary staff. Results: the results of our study help to optimize the measurement of psychological well-being of an individual so as to “simplify” its diagnostic procedure. The article describes the concept of “occupational well-being” and provides a complete picture consisting of 64 hexagram profiles of the psychological well-being of an individual. Conclusions: the psychodiagnostic research has shown that the hexagram profiles of psychological well-being in cadets and penitentiary staff are different. VIPE FSIN cadets have four dominant types (at a high and very high level), these are “Positive relations with others”, “Personal growth”, “Purpose in life” and “Autonomy” with appropriate internal self-esteem. “Self-acceptance” and “Environmental mastery” were not observed in cadets at all (or were observed at a low level). There are four dominant types (at a high and very high level) among penitentiary staff, these are “Positive relations with others”, “Self-acceptance”, “Environmental mastery”, and “Purpose in life”; “Personal growth” and “Autonomy” were manifested at a low level.
Keywords: Psychological well-being; occupational orientation; typological profile; basis; three-factor basic model; hexagram
Majelis Ta’lim Online Sebagai Wadah Pendidikan dan Penguatan Karakter Mahasiswi Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya
Authors: Firdiyanti Al Ma'idha  , Elin Farichatul Jannah  , Imamul Arifin
Published: June 2021

This research has the aim of describing the Taklim Online Council as a forum for education and character strengthening for students of the Surabaya State Electronics Polytechnic. Sources of information in this research are observations, informants (interviews), documentation, and literature studies. The author raises this theme because there are so many behavior changes, especially in students related to morals, and character. Even though students are a measure of the nation's future success. This research is based on theories from various experts and some take theories from internet sites. The results of the study show (1) the implementation of the Taklim Online Council as a forum for education and character strengthening for Surabaya State Electronics Polytechnic students, and (2) the role of the Online Taklim Council as a forum for education and character strengthening for the Surabaya State Electronics Polytechnic students. In this study, it can be seen that Majelis Taklim Online is a form of Character Building, namely as a solution in an effort to create and enforce one's morals and character, this is in accordance with the mission of the Prophet Muhammad SAW to strive for a good character.
Contabilidad Atmosférica: Una Propuesta Desde La Sustentabilidad
Authors: Moreno Ginna
Published: June 2021

La contaminación del recurso atmosférico ha contribuido al cambio climático a través de los gases efecto invernadero (GEI), parte de estos gases son emisiones que las empresas generan en el desarrollo de sus actividades y no contabilizan, ni rinden cuenta pública de ellas.  Es necesaria la existencia de un sistema de gestión e información ambiental sustentable, para contribuir a la salud y salvaguarda de los ecosistemas.

El objetivo de la presente investigación es el de fundamentar la contabilización del recurso atmosférico en función de la sustentabilidad natural; para lo cual se hace un estudio cualitativo y documental de tipo inductivo, explicativo y propositivo, en el cual se propone a las organizaciones,  la contabilización de los impactos positivos y negativos generados frente al recurso aire, a través de los criterios de reconocimiento, medición, presentación y revelación de información en las cuentas biocontables. Se concluye que la investigación contribuye a la medición de impactos organizacionales y a generar cambios en las prácticas de producción y consumo hacia interacciones de mercado más responsables y comprometidas con la naturaleza.
Impacto de la Violencia en las Letras de Canciones Autóctonas del Pacifico Nariñense
Authors: Rodríguez Arias Juan Pablo
Published: June 2021

Entre la inmensidad boscosa y marítima que embellece el paisaje del litoral pacífico nariñense, se esconden grandes silencios, torturas y masacres. La paradoja del paraíso en llamas a manos de un conflicto armado, hoy nos revela las necesidades de voces que no quieren callar más. Para esta comunidad, la música ha sido su única manera de denunciar y exorcizar todos los males, tristezas y miedos de un mundo que no les corresponde: la violencia.

En este trabajo de investigación, se llevó a cabo una revisión intensiva de algunas letras de canciones pertenecientes al género de la música afro pacífica, con el propósito de evidenciar, reconocer e identificar las diferentes problemáticas que se vienen presentando desde hace varios años en esta parte de Colombia, todas a partir de un contexto musical autóctono, cultural y focalizado.

Para reconocer dichas problemáticas presentes en las letras, se realizó una profunda revisión que permitieron identificar los factores que han dado surgimiento a esta situación, agudizándola y perpetuándola por varios años a partir del conflicto entre grupos armados ilegales, cultivos ilícitos, y otros catalizadores que han corroído la población; entre ellos la extorsión, el desplazamiento forzado masivo, la desaparición forzada y los asesinatos de líderes sociales, que son apenas algunos de los muchos rastros dejados por la violencia en la región.
Ritmos brasileiros no contrabaixo
Authors: Portinho Felipe Clark
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, baseado em pesquisa de campo e entrevistas, traçamos um panorama histórico da transformação e criação dos gêneros musicais brasileiros através do olhar de músicos e musicólogos do Rio de janeiro.
COVID-19: contextualizando a pandemia em visita a literatura
Authors: Ferreira Eidimara , Fin Thais Caroline , Portella Marilene Rodrigues , Favretto Jéssica Lusa
Published: June 2021

A Organização Mundial da Saúde, em 11 de março de 2020, anunciou a pandemia da doença de coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19) e desde então, o número de infectados vêm aumentando, ocasionando altas taxas de morbimortalidade em todo o mundo. Essa doença tornou-se uma emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional, uma ameaça à saúde global com um número continuamente crescente de casos confirmados.  Este capítulo tem por objetivo apresentar aspectos relacionados ao coronavírus, as variantes, a epidemiologia da doença e as medidas preventivas. Trata-se de  uma revisão bibliográfica, realizada por meio eletrônico nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Pubcovid19 e Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online (MEDLINE). Conclui-se que a pandemia COVID-19 é a principal crise de saúde global da contemporaneidade porém, é  muito mais que uma crise de saúde, é também uma crise socioeconômica sem precedentes, com efeitos sociais, econômicos e políticos, repercussões de difícil dimensionamento. A importância das medidas de prevenção, assim como estar atento aos sintomas e as formas de transmissão é imprescindível, pois abrange o indivíduo e também as suas relações interpessoais, evidenciando-se a importância da empatia. Ainda há um longo caminho até que se tenha total controle da mesma, através de um tratamento efetivo ou até mesmo evitando a Covid-19 com a vacinação.
ATHENA’NIN OYU YA DA OYUNU
Authors: AKINCI ÖZTÜRK Esengül
Published: June 2021

Areopagos mahkemesinde, Orestes’in davasına bakan yargıçlar oylarını sessizce kullandıkları halde, Athena oyunu Orestes’ten yana kullanacağını beyan eder. Fakat Oresteia’nın doruk noktası olan bu oylama, özellikle de Athena’nın kullandığı oyun doğası ve oy kullanan yargıçların sayısı tartışmalıdır. Orestes, Athena’nın müdahalesiyle mi aklandı? Athena tek sayıda üyeden oluşan bir jüri mi, yoksa çift sayıda üyeden kurulmuş bir jüri mi yetkilendirmişti? Çoğu filoloğa göre Orestes, Eumenidler’de Athena’nın oyu ile beraat etmiştir. Bu makalede, Athena’nın oyunun aslında sembolik olup, eşit çıkan oylara dahil olmadığı tezi savunulacaktır. Orestes, Athena’nın müdahalesiyle değil insanların oylarıyla suçsuz bulunmuştur. Antik yazarların bu konudaki ifadelerine kabaca değinildikten sonra, Athena’nın oyunun da eşit sayıdaki oyların arasında bulunduğunu savunan görüşün temel argümanlarına itiraz edilecektir. Çalışmamızda, Athena’nın kullandığı oyun jürinin almış olduğu karara dair kendi kanaatini ifade etmenin bir yolu olarak anlaşılması gerektiği gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır. Athena, “oyum Orestes’ten yana” derken, aslında jürinin aldığı kararı desteklediğini ifade etmekte, jüri üyelerinin verdiği hükmün bağlayıcı olduğunu vurgulamaktadır.
DION KHRYSOSTOMOS’TA PRODIKOS’UN “HERAKLES’İN SEÇİMİ”: YENİDEN KURGULAMA, İDEOLOJİ VE ÖYKÜNME
Authors: YAKUT Ayşe
Published: June 2021

Dion Khrysostomos, Traianus’u kusursuz bir yönetici olma yolunda ahlaki açıdan eğitmek amacıyla sembolik bir karaktere ve bir mythos’a ihtiyaç duymuş ve M.Ö. V. yüzyılda Keoslu sofist Prodikos’un oluşturduğu “Herakles’in Seçimi” adlı eski bir hikâyeye başvurmuştur. Bu anlatının kendisi günümüze ulaşmamış olmakla birlikte, Ksenophon’un Sokrates’inin ağzından aktarıldığı hâliyle bilinmektedir (Xen. mem. 2.1.21–34). Dion, Prodikos’un “Herakles’in Seçimi”ni yeniden kurgulamış ve birinci krallık söylevinin yarısına yakın kısmını bu yeniden kurguladığı Herakles mythos’una ayırmıştır (or. 1.49–84). Bu çalışma iki noktaya odaklanmaktadır: Herakles mythos’u, önce tematik açıdan Prodikos’un anlatısıyla da mukayese edilerek, Dion’un Traianus’un yönetici kimliğine ilişkin ideolojisi bağlamında irdelenmektedir. Ardından Dion’un, mythos’unda ve bununla ilişkili olarak diğer krallık söylevlerinde Prodikos’a ve Prodikos’un anlatısını aktarması sebebiyle Ksenophon’a düşünsel bağlamda nasıl öykündüğü konusu ele alınmaktadır. Böylece, Dion’un Herakles mythos’unun bir yandan Traianus ideolojisini ortaya çıkardığı; bir yandan da, - diğer krallık söylevleriyle de paralel bir şekilde - Klasik Hellen zihniyetine ilişkin değerleri kusursuz yönetimin mutlak unsurları olarak sunduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
KSENOPHON’UN ANABASİS’İNDEN HAREKETLE BİR ANADOLU KADINININ POLİTİK PORTRESİ: KİLİKİA KRALİÇESİ EPYAKSA
Authors: ÖNCÜ Fariz
Published: June 2021

MÖ 5. yüzyılın sonlarında şahit olunan en önemli politik hadiselerden biri dönemin Pers (Akhaimenid) imparatoru II. Artakserkses ile onun küçük kardeşi Genç Kyros arasında yaşanan taht kavgasıydı. Genç Kyros’un Batı Anadolu’dan hareket ederek kardeşine karşı giriştiği askeri sefer Kunaksa’da (MÖ 401) II. Artakserkses’in zaferiyle sonuçlandı. Aslında bu savaşın sonucu kadar Genç Kyros’un sefer sırasında geçtiği bölgelerde yaşananlar da önemlidir. Bu yaşananlar; bölgesel savaşları, yağma eylemleri, diplomatik girişimleri, barış antlaşmaları, bölgesel yeni ittifakları ve idari değişimleri kapsayan geniş bir olaylar yelpazesinden oluşmaktadır. Bu olayların en belirgin örneklerine ise Genç Kyros’un sefer güzergâhı üzerinde yer alan Kilikia Bölgesi’yle olan ilişkilerinde rastlarız. Pers prensinin Kilikia Bölgesi’ne yaklaşması ve sonrasında bölgeyi ele geçirmesi bölge için askeri, politik ve idari bakımdan oldukça karmaşık, zor ve “yeni” bir durum yaratmıştı. Bu yeni süreç, öncellikle Kilikia yönetimi ile Genç Kyros’un birbirlerine karşı çeşitli askeri tedbirler almalarına sebep olmuştu. Ancak sorunların çözümü noktasında iki taraf arasında aynı zamanda diplomatik ilişkilerin kurulduğu da görülmektedir. Bu ilişkilerin yürütülmesinde ise Ksenophon’un Anabasis adlı eserinde geçen Kilikia kraliçesi Epyaksa asıl görevi üstlenmiştir. Epyaksa, antik kaynaklarda ismi politik hadiselerle anılan az sayıdaki Anadolu kadınlarından biridir. Buna rağmen dönemle ilgili çalışmalar ondan yeteri kadar bahsetmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Epyaksa’nın politik bir kadın olarak portresini ortaya koymaktır. Epyaksa’nın politik kişiliği; Kilikia Bölgesi’nin Pers idari sistemi içindeki geleneksel konumu, dönemin siyasal atmosferi, Ksenophon’un kadınlara karşı tutumu ve yine Ksenophon’un “Hellen merkezci” yaklaşımı göz önüne alınarak analiz edilecektir.
AN EXAMPLE OF UNNEEDED LEGITIMIZATION TRADITION IN ANCIENT MEDITERRANEAN REGION: EXPOSE TO WATER
Authors: TURGUT Murat , DİLEK Yeşim
Published: June 2021

Many ancient civilizations glorified their kings, divine beings and heroes. In order to make them unreachable, ancient societies first of all separated the lives of these personas into two parts and created a turning point for them, and especially the first part of their lives was detailed with extraordinary events to make them the main theme of some mythological stories. The plot of these stories generally was related to the theme of the abandonment of a new-born or sometimes an adult to water in any object like basket, crate or closed box, and eventually his reaching to a vital position for society.

The generally accepted view in the literature is that rulers, especially those who were not legitimately entitled, manipulated such mythological stories to legitimize their dominance in the public eye. Moreover, as far as it is concerned that divine characters and some heroes were legitimized in this way.

Contrary to the generally accepted judgment, it is confirmed that the majority of the abandoned children had already had opportunities to come to the fore. The mounted arguments of this study have mostly been based on the antique sources, and it is aimed to reveal the fact that the individuals who were left on water in arks had already been prospective legitimate people on the domains of administration or religion.
On the Dissipative Extensions of the Conformable Fractional Sturm-Liouville Operator
Authors: PAŞAOĞLU Bilender , TUNA Hüseyin , YALÇINKAYA Yüksel
Published: June 2021

In this work, we consider singular conformable fractional Sturm-Liouville

operators defined by the expression

\[

\varrho (y)=-T_{\alpha }^{2}y(t)+\frac{\xi ^{2}-\frac{1}{4}}{t^{2}}y(t)+%

p(t)y(t),\

\]

where $0 < t < \infty ,\ \xi \geq1~$and$\ p(.)\ $is real-valued functions defined on $[0,\infty )$ and satisfy the condition$\ p\left( .\right) \in L_{\alpha, loc}^{1}(0,\infty )$. We construct a space of boundary values for minimal symmetric singular conformable fractional Sturm-Liouville operators in limit-circle case at singular end point. Finally, we give a description of all maximal dissipative, accumulative and self-adjoint extensions of conformable fractional Sturm-Liouville operators with the help of boundary conditions.
Press-Government Relationship during War on Terror: A Comparative Analysis of the Editorials of Nawa-e-Waqt and Dawn (2001-2019)
Authors: Baber Muhammad Qamar Zaman , Paracha Sajjad Ahmad
Published: June 2021

This study is mainly an appraisal of print media of Pakistan on the subject of War on Terror. It is a retrospective analysis led by conducting content analysis of editorials of “Nawa-e-Waqt and Dawn”. The results vibrantly disclose that “Nawa-e-Waqt” contributed additional reportage to “War on terror” in relation to Dawn. As Nawa-e-Waqt more criticized the Government of Pakistan in its editorials regarding its policies in WoT as compare to Dawn. This retrospective analysis acquires its theoretical framework from Robert Entman’s theory of framing that argues the aspects of salient and Selection. He pronounces framing practice as to choice some observed reality and brand it further salient. He says more that media framing in a way they can be appraise, deduce, expresses, and kind something central and the approvals towards a certain objects subscribed. The foundation of Framing Theory is that the mass media emphases consideration on specific happenings and then spaces them within a particular meaning.
İBN HİŞÂM’IN ŞERḤU ḲAṬRİ’N-NEDÂ Ve BELLİ’Ṣ-ṢADÂ ADLI ESERİNDE HADİSLE İSTİŞHÂD METODU
Authors: SAĞLAM İbrahim
Published: June 2021

Mısır dil ekolünün önemli temsilcilerinden, eleştirel zekasıyla öne çıkan İbn Hişâm el-Ensârî (öl 761/1360) Ḳaṭrü’n-nedâ ve bellü’ṣ-ṣadâ adlı eserinde nahvin temel kurallarını veciz ve kapsamlı şekilde anlatmıştır. Gramere giriş niteliğindeki eser, yazarı tarafından şerh edilmiş zamanla kurumsal dil eğitiminde referans alınan önemi çalışmalardan biri haline gelmiştir. İstişhâd metoduna büyük önem veren müellif, söz konusu eserinde nahvin temel konularını izah ederken hadisle istişhâd yöntemini kullanmıştır. Çalışmada söz konusu eser çerçevesinde İbn Hişâm’ın hadis ile istişhâd metodu ele alınmıştır
SON DÖNEM OSMANLI UYGULAMASINDA GASP FİİLİNİN TEZAHÜRLERİ
Authors: KIZILAY Muhammed Emin
Published: June 2021

İnsanlar arasındaki çeşitli münasebetleri düzenleyen fıkıh ilminin amaçlarından biri, naslardan hareketle toplumun ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilmektir. Tarihî süreçte ihtiyaçlara verilen cevaplar belli bir birikim oluşturmuş ve bu birikim fakihler tarafından işlenerek bir hukuk nazariyesi meydana getirilmiştir. Bu nazari birikim günümüze kadar ulaşmıştır. Bugün fıkıh alanında yapılan çalışmalarda ise sadece nazari birikim üzerinde durmamak, nazariyenin toplumdaki yansımalarını ve uygulamalarını da görmek gerekmektedir. Uygulama ve nazariye arasındaki ilişkiyi görebilmenin yolu ise bir konuyu belli bir dönem üzerinden ele almaktır. Çalışma bu ilişkiyi, son dönem Osmanlı hukukunda gasp fiilinin tezahürleri üzerinden görmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Hukuk alanında birçok değişimin yaşandığı bu dönemde gasp konusu Hanefî mezhebi çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Nazariyede tartışılan bu konunun uygulamada birkaç farklı şekilde tezahür ettiği, bir haksız fiil türü olan gasbın çoğu kez suç unsuruyla birlikte meydana geldiği görülmüştür. Bu sebeple gasp, borçlar hukukunun konusu olmasına rağmen, son dönem Osmanlı uygulamasında gasp ile ilgili verilere daha çok ceza mahkemelerine ait kayıtlarda rastlanmaktadır.
Nicolai Hartmann ve Scheler’de Değerler Hiyerarşisi, Değer Zıtlıkları ve Çatışkıları
Authors: YAVUZ Ziya , BİRCAN Hasan Hüseyin
Published: June 2021

Hartmann’dan daha önce Max Scheler tarafından değerlerin hiyerarşik yapılarının bütün değer alanlarını kapsayacak şekilde ele alınması, sistematik olmayışı nedeniyle ve belirli türden bir temellendirme eksikliği iddiasıyla bazı yeni Kantçı filozoflar tarafından eleştirilmiştir. İçerikli Değerler Etiği (materiale Wertethik) alanında Scheler’in açtığı yolda ilerleyen Hartmann değerleri tanım, ilişki, olgu vb. açılardan yeniden yorumlarken aynı zamanda değerleri hiyerarşik bir düzen içinde kendi yeni varlık (neue Ontologie) felsefesini temele alan bir yaklaşımla göstermeye çalışmıştır. Bilindiği gibi Hartmann varlığı real ve ideal olmak üzere ikiye ayırmaktadır. Bu ayrıma göre real varlık, varlık kategorilerinin temel ilişkisinden hareketle dört tabakaya ayrılırken ideal varlık, başka türden bir varlığı imleyen özler (değerler) olarak, genellik özelliği gösteren ve gerçekleştirilmelerinden bağımsız olan varlık olarak tanımlanır. İşte ideal bir varlık alanı oluşturduğu düşünülen ve bu alanda duygu yoluyla a priori olarak kavranan ideal özlerin kendi aralarındaki ilişkilerin, tabakalar arası bağıntı, özellik, ortak ve farklı kategorik sınıflandırılması yoluyla yapısal niteliklerinin düzenlenişi bir hiyerarşiye işaret etmektedir. İster real isterse ideal olsun fenomenleri analitik bir yöntemle inceleyen Hartmann tıpkı real alanın fenomenlerinde olduğu gibi ideal alanın fenomenlerinde de kategorik bir yapının varlığının değer ilişkisi bilgisi yoluyla ortaya konulabileceğini savunmaktadır.
Comparative Study of Synthesis of Polypyrrole Using Chemical Polymerization Technique and Plasmapolymerization
Authors:   Satish Pradhan Dnyanasadhana College, Near Eternity Mall, Thane –400 604, Keshav Dr. Chitte Hemant
Published: June 2021

Polypyrrole (PPy) was synthesized using the Chemical polymerization technique using Ammonium per sulphate (APS), as an oxidant and Plasma Polymerization technique. The polypyrrole synthesized by the chemical oxidation method was in black amorphous powder form. In Plasma polymerization, thin films were created on a glass plate. Structural and morphological properties of the polymer were studied by FTIR, SEM and. X-ray diffraction. The electrical conductivity of chemically prepared PPy was measured by two probe method and was found to be in the range of 10−3 to 10−2 S/cm for chemical oxidative method, while that of Plasma polymerization it was around 10−3 S/cm. Other characterization also shows that Chemical polymerization has an edge over plasma polymerization, but plasma polymerization is more impurity-free than chemical polymerization.
Overview of Nigeria’s 2nd Universal Periodic Review National Report
Authors:   Country Representative, United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - LIBERIA, Emelonye Uchenna
Published: June 2021

With the creation of the Human Rights Council Universal Period Review, its Working Group established in accordance with Human Rights Council Resolution 5/1 of 18th June, 2007 held its fourth session from 2nd to 13th of February, 2009 to review the human rights record of countries including Nigeria.2 In preparation for the review, the Government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria had constituted a broad-based UPR National Consultative Committee tasked with the responsibility of compiling its first national report on the steps taken as well as the challenges faced in the fulfilment of its treaty obligations. The Committee which comprised representatives from diverse stakeholders working for the promotion and protection of human rights in Nigeria subsequently convened the National Consultative Forum (NCF) and after series of meetings, produced the country’s first UPR national report, through a consultative process that climaxed in a national validation conference. During the deliberation of the forum, every human rights issue was openly discussed and participants were able to express their views freely. The outcome of the NCF is faithfully reflected in the national report.