bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of New Drugs and Clinical Trial Rules 2019 and its impact on Approval process of Oncology Drugs
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Sharma Khushbu , Verma Pooja , Rahi Shivali , Rana Arpana
Published: January 2023

With the aim to make India as the hub for Clinical Trials and promote a transparent and faster drug approvals process for the early availability and accessibility of drugs in the country the New Drugs and Clinical Trials Rules were published on March 19, 2019. The subsequent amendments were also proposed from time to time from March 2019 till June 2022 to make the regulations and the processes more robust.

The ‘New CT Rules’ replaced the Part XA and Schedule Y of the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules 1945. The NDCT rules will be applicable to all Investigational New Drugs, Biologicals, New Drugs, and Subsequent New Drugs.  These rules also laid down the procedures for the effective working of Ethics Committees. The ‘New Rules’ comes up with many desirable changes that will bring transparency, predictability and well defined requirements to speed up the drug approval process in India. The New CT Rules provides a defined protocol so that decision making becomes uniform and that mainly focuses on the Quality & Safety of Clinical Trials. With these rules in place the regulatory system aims to make India a global clinical hub, approvals for the drugs with predictable, transparent and effective regulations and to make faster availability of new drugs to Indian population. In this article, we have highlighted the key developments/changes in the revised regulatory pathway for clinical trials in India and brought the comparative analysis of what has changed from the previous rules till date as subsequent amendments were also notified from time to time. Also, the present work aims at providing the impact of NDCT rules 2019 and subsequent amendments on approval process of drugs for life threatening diseases, unmet medical need and rare Diseases like Cancer. 

By these rules in place Indian pharmaceutical industry would be able to bring a number of medicines which could be promising and effective in treating this pandemic for which no country in the world has been able to find any cure so far. The clause for local CT waiver, accelerated approval, reduced times for CT application is like a boon for developing new drugs in India. This will ensure faster availability of drugs in the country for life threatening diseases, unmet medical needs and rare disease like Cancer. Thus, proving it right that NDCT rules and subsequent amendments brought to the rules will be developing the country’s reputation across the globe and will harmonize the regulations in line with the International standards.
A Comparative study of Regulations of Cell and Gene therapy in US, EU and India
Authors: Tejaswini A , Prasanthi N.L. , Raju K.Venkateswara
Published: January 2023

Cell and Gene therapy products were a field that is growing fast inventive therapies. The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are encouraging their evolution and India is in its nascent stage. For three regions, CGTs fall beneath the biological merchandise regulatory framework of it requires the legal foundation for their evolution. In the EU, there is a defined trend between cell- and gene-based products concerning their classification as advanced therapies or coverage by the legal frameworks, while in the United States there is a wide classification as to classified as organic products. In EU, USA and India, to allocate a cell or an gene product’s as innovative therapy, care has to be taken for therapy of cells involves manoeuvres that amend their characters which are organic, as the term tactic in the USA is difference between systemic and non- systemic cells and gene therapy products. A descriptive analysis was carried out. Till now in USA 20 CGTPs are approved, out of 20 GTMP consists of 7 and CTMP consists of 13 products. Many products are under clinical trials, I searched clinical trials website to know the status of clinical trials in USA. I found 355 clinical trials under ATMPs, out of 355 GTMP consist of 225, SCTMP consists of 105, and CATMP consists of 25. In India the procedures are of two types which are to speed up the drug approval process for the betterment of everyone. They are 1) Conditional Approval, 2). Fast Track Approval. There are only 4 products were approved namely Apceden, Stempeucel, Ossgrow and Cartigrow. The problems related to clinical has been degenerate as the unproven stem cell clinics numbers in the USA reportedly were increased to approximately 715 by 2017. Therefore, the unproven industry of sanatorium is a moving intention essential in method examine and regulatory lapse.
Eksistensi Ilmu Qira’at pada Lembaga Pengembangan Tilawatil Qur’an (LPTQ) Aceh dan Pemahaman Qira`at terhadap Peserta MTQ di Aceh
Authors: Yahya Agusni , Zulihafnani Zulihafnani , Muhajirah Muhajirah
Published: January 2023

One of the branches contested in the Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur'an (MTQ) is qira'at sab'ah. The existence of these religious festival activities aims to broadcast the values of the Koran in people's lives so as to create generations who develop the qira`at of the Koran. However, in the qira`at sab'ah competition in Aceh, only the practice of reading was applied, not the knowledge of the science. This can be seen from the lack of mastery of the participants who took part in the qira`at sab'ah branch. This problem raises the question of how the teaching of qira`at science exists at LPTQ Aceh and the understanding of the theory of qira`at science for MTQ participants in the qira`at sab'ah branch. This research is a field study, and data is collected from interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings of this study indicate that teaching the science of qira'at is irregular, occurring only when the competition period approaches. Meanwhile, the level of understanding of qira`at sab'ah theory among MTQ participants in Aceh can be grouped into three categories: first, groups that understand the theories of qira`at science. Second, there is the group that does not understand the theories of qira`at science. Third, the group that does not understand the theories of qira'at science, but all participants are able to practice the reading taught by the teacher.Abstrak: Qira’at sab’ah merupakan salah satu cabang yang diperlombakan dalam Musabaqah Tilawatil Qur’an (MTQ). Adanya kegiatan festival keagamaan tersebut bertujuan untuk mensyiarkan nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an dalam kehidupan masyarakat, sehingga dapat menciptakan generasi-generasi yang mengembangkan qira`at Al-Qur’an. Akan tetapi, pada perlombaan qira`at sab’ah di Aceh, hanya diterapkan praktik bacaannya, bukan pengetahuan terhadap ilmunya. Hal ini terlihat dari minimnya penguasaan peserta yang mengikuti cabang qira`at sab’ah. Permasalahan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan bagaimana eksistensi pengajaran ilmu qira`at pada LPTQ Aceh dan pemahaman tentang teori ilmu qira`at bagi peserta MTQ cabang qira`at sab’ah. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian lapangan dan data dikumpulkan dari hasil wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi pengajaran ilmu qira’at bersifat tidak reguler, dilakukan hanya ketika mendekati masa perlombaan. Sedangkan tingkat pemahaman teori qira`at sab’ah pada peserta MTQ di Aceh dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kategori, pertama, kelompok yang paham teori-teori ilmu qira`at. Kedua, kelompok yang kurang paham teori-teori ilmu qira`at. Ketiga, kelompok yang tidak paham teori-teori ilmu qira`at, akan tetapi semua peserta mampu mempraktikkan bacaan yang diajarkan oleh guru.
Pemahaman Masyarakat Gampong Lapang Kabupaten Aceh Barat terhadap Qada dan Fidiah Puasa dalam Al-Qur’an
Authors: Muthalib Salman Abdul , Furqan Furqan , Ridayani Oka
Published: January 2023

Fasting qada (substitute) and fidiah is an obligation for people who do not fast. Terms, causes, and mechanisms for qada and fidiah have been formulated by scholars based on the Qur'an and hadith. To be accepted by Allah, one must understand and practice religious teachings correctly according to the provisions. In reality, it was found that the practice of qada and fidiah fasting in the Gampong Lapang community was different from the formulation of the ulama. This study will look at the Gampong Lapang community's understanding of qada and fidiah in the Koran and the mechanisms for their daily practice. The results of the study show that a small proportion of people have correctly understood qada, fasting, and fidiah according to the explanation of the scholars and the meaning of letters Al-Baqarah 184 and 185. While most of them are mistaken in understanding the meaning and procedures for its implementation. In their understanding, only the elderly and sick people are given relief, the fidiah applies to parents only, and all sick and traveling people may not fast because there is a fidiah. Qada will be doubled if the year has passed. There is also an understanding that only men have to double the number of days that must be Qada if the year has passed.Abstrak: Puasa qada (pengganti) dan fidiah adalah kewajiban bagi orang yang tidak berpuasa. Syarat, sebab dan mekanisme qada dan fidiah telah rumuskan ulama berdasarkan Al-Qur’an, hadis. Seseorang harus memahami dan mengamalkan dengan benar sesuai ketentuan agar praktik ajaran agama diterima Allah. Realita dalam masyarakat, ditemukan praktik puasa qada dan fidiah dalam masyarakat Gampong Lapang berbeda dengan rumusan para ulama. Kajian ini akan melihat pemahaman masyarakat Gampong Lapang terhadap qada dan fidiah dalam Al-Qur'an dan mekanisme pengamalannya sehari-hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian kecil masyarakat telah memahami qada puasa dan fidiah dengan benar sesuai dengan penjelasan ulama dan makna surat Al-Baqarah 184 dan 185. Sementara sebagian besar keliru dalam memahami makna dan tata cara pelaksanaannya, mereka memahami bahwa hanya orang tua dan orang sakit yang diberikan keringanan, fidiah berlaku untuk orang tua saja, semua orang sakit dan bepergian boleh tidak berpuasa karena ada fidiah. Qada akan berlipat ganda jika tahun telah berlalu, ada juga yang memahami bahwa hanya laki-laki yang harus melipatgandakan jumlah hari yang diqada jika tahun telah berlalu.
Analisis Polemik Wahdah al-Wujūd dalam Karya Kashf al-Asrār Syeikh Muhammad Saleh Abdullah Minangkabawi Menurut Perspektif Tasawuf
Authors: Hj Mat Jusoh Mohd Zulfakar , Sa'ari Che Zarrina , Abidin Azmil Zainal
Published: January 2023

Wahdah al-wujūd is one of the doctrines that has been discussed and debated by sufis in tasawwuf teachings. Nowadays, several fatwas from certain Islamic State Councils in Malaysia have issued to ban this doctrine from being spread due to ittihād and hulūl issues (pantheisme). This article highlights wahdah al-wujūd in Kashf al-Asrār Syeikh Muhammad Saleh Abdullah Minangkabawi according to the tasawwuf perspectives. This article aims to examine the textual in Kashf al-Asrār in dealing with fatwa and critisism. This article uses qualitative research method through documentary contents to identify wahdah al-wujūd doctrines and analysis method for analyzing the textuals in Kashf al-Asrār Syeikh Muhammad Saleh Abdullah Minangkabawi. The study eventually finds that Syeikh Muhammad Saleh Abdullah Minangkabawi refused the idea of ittihād and hulūl in his doctrine of tauhid, by using metaphore in discussing his ideas of tauhid, and the fatwa needs to be improved to address positive perspectives on Kashf al-Asrār’s teachings of tauhid.
Tinjauan Hukum Kontrak Syariah Terhadap Perjanjian Baku Akad Mudharabah
Authors: Khatimah Husnul
Published: January 2023

Today's economic transactions are usually carried out through banks. Banks have an important role in people's lives today. Banks are a means of transacting, especially transactions that have a high value. In Indonesia, banks are divided into two, namely conventional banks and Islamic banks. This study aims to examine how the legal review of sharia contracts on the form of standard contracts/agreements applied by Islamic banking, especially in mudharabah contracts. This study uses a qualitative method of analysis. The basic source of primary data is the mudharabah contract form. Then it is supported by secondary sources in the form of books, journals and related literature. This type of normative research by interpreting the data obtained with the theory found in order to obtain a solution to the problem. The results and discussion show that the standard agreement has been made legally and is in accordance with several aspects of sharia contract law, but it is necessary to pay attention to the contents of the contract that can harm one party, especially the customer.
Contact fatigue of carbon steel gear under different lubrication conditions
Authors: Zhang Shengnan , YAN Ming , Wang Yushi
Published: January 2023

Contact fatigue of carbon steel gear tooth surface under different
lubrication conditions were investigated and the model of the effect of
lubrication conditions on contact fatigue is established.
Electrochemical corrosion will form nonferrous oxide on the tooth
surface, and the crack corrosion between the nonferrous oxide and the Fe
matrix may become the initiation position of contact fatigue. A high
temperature generated by frictional heat can accelerate the plastic
deformation. Micro damage less than Hertzian contact is easier to expand
into macro pitting. The pressure around the micro damage increases when
the micro damage partially coincides with the contact width, so the
tooth surface around the pit is more likely to produce new pit, and then
form the superposition and aggregation. The larger the lubricating oil
supply, the larger the contact width, and the larger the width of the
micro damage can be activated, the improvement of lubrication can
promote the propagation of micro damage.
Shotgun Metagenomic and 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Museum-Derived Rana pipiens Gut Microbiota Generate Differing Community Diversity Metrics Based on Commonly Used Analysis Pipelines
Authors: Madison Joseph , LaBumbard Brandon , Woodhams Douglas
Published: January 2023

The use of museum specimens for research in microbial ecology and
evolution remains an under-utilized investigative dimension with
important potential. Despite this potential, there remain methodological
barriers to wide-spread adoption of museum specimens in microbial
ecology and evolution studies. One of these barriers is the difference
in predictive abilities among nucleic acid based methods for taxonomic
categorization, to include differing sequencing methods and reference
databases. In this study, we hypothesized that there would be
differences in taxonomic categorization and related diversity results
among medium-depth shotgun metagenomic and 16S rRNA gene sequencing
strategies and associated reference databases. Additionally, we
hypothesized the differences found among commonly used sequencing
strategies would also vary among museum-derived specimens (n=13) and
fresh specimens (n=5). These hypotheses were largely confirmed, although
differences among fresh and museum specimens did vary with sequencing
strategy. Community diversity metrics significantly varied among
museum-specimens, which represents a novel finding that is largely
corroborated with previous studies comparing 16S rRNA gene and shotgun
metagenomic sequencing among fresh specimen samples. The results of this
study are important for the experimental planning and downstream
analysis of future studies aiming to incorporate museum specimen derived
microbiome datasets.
Heated and unheated lupin protein-grape seed extract conjugates stabilizing and structuring high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Francisco Cristhian , Silva Marluci , Júnior Fernando Oliveira , Santos Tatiana , Cunha Rosiane L.
Published: January 2023

Plant-based high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions (HIPEs) are
promising fat replacers. However, producing stable HIPES with improved
viscoelastic properties is a challenge for the food industry.
Conjugation of plant proteins, such as lupin protein isolate, with
phenolic compounds, such as proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract,
associated (or not) with moderate heat treatment arise as potential
methods to tune the surface properties of proteins and, consequently,
the droplet-droplet interactions that drive the viscoelastic properties
of HIPEs. In this way, unheated (UHC) and heated (85°C, 15 min) (HC)
lupin protein (LPI)-grape seed extract (GSE) conjugates were produced
and used to stabilize high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions.
Evaluation of stability by Turbiscan and oil loss by centrifugation over
56 days of storage did not reflect the kinetic stability of HIPEs
against process conditions. Under shearing, UHC-stabilized emulsions at
high GSE concentrations showed oil release, whereas all HC-stabilized
HIPEs released oil. However, the increase in GSE concentration and heat
treatment improved the viscosity and storage modulus (G’) of HIPEs,
possibly due to the droplet-droplet interaction originating from
hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions in UHC and HC-stabilized HIPEs,
respectively. This pivotal study confirmed that conjugation of a plant
protein with GSE and heat treatment could improve the viscoelastic
properties of high internal phase oil-in-water emulsions and produce
HIPEs with superior texture (higher G’).
The value of CRP/ALB and NE/LY in predicting coronary artery disease
Authors: Xia Mengyuan , Feng Jun , Gao Yu , Li Chao , Xu Taolliang , Ni Runze
Published: January 2023

Background. Coronary heart disease is a serious threat to people’s life
and health, and timely intervention and treatment are important. This
study aims to investigate the clinical value of the serum C-reactive
protein/albumin ratio (CRP/ALB, CAR) and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
(NE/LY, NLR) in predicting the extent of coronary artery disease.
Methods. A total of 649 patients hospitalized in the Department of
Cardiology of the Second People’s Hospital of Hefei with coronary
angiography from January 2019 to December 2021 were included for
retrospective analysis. The coronary artery disease group (n=406) and
the control group (n=243) were divided according to the angiographic
findings. The coronary artery disease group was divided into a mild
lesion group (GS <40, n=235) and a severe lesion group (GS 40,
n = 171) according to the Gensini score (GS). Compare the differences in
CAR and NLR between groups. Spearman analysis was used to test the
correlation between CAR, NLR and GS, logistic regression analysis was
used to screen independent influencing factors of coronary artery
disease and severe coronary lesions, and the ROC curve was used to
analyze the predictive value of CAR, NLR and the combination of both for
multiple lesions in coronary arteries. Results. CAR and NLR were higher
in the coronary artery disease group than in the control group, and CAR
and NLR were higher in the group with severe coronary lesions than in
the group with mild lesions (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation
analysis showed that CAR and NLR were positively correlated with GS (r
= 0.519, P < 0.05; r
= 0.492, P < 0.05). ROC analysis
showed that CAR, NLR and the combination of the two had predictive value
for multiple coronary lesions. The predictive efficacy was higher when
the two were combined than the individual indexes ( P <
0.05). Conclusion. CAR and NLR are independent predictors of the extent
of coronary artery lesions and can be used for diagnosing and evaluating
coronary heart disease.
Impacts of hydrodynamic conditions and microscale surface roughness on the critical conditions to develop and thickness of early-stage Pseudomonas putida biofilms
Authors: Yang Judy Q. , Wei Guanju
Published: January 2023

Biofilms can increase pathogenic contamination of drinking water, cause
biofilm-related diseases, alter the sediment erosion rate, and degrade
contaminants in wastewater. Compared with mature biofilms, biofilms in
the early-stage have been shown to be more susceptible to antimicrobials
and easier to remove. Mechanistic understanding of physical factors
controlling early-stage biofilm growth is critical to predict and
control biofilm development, yet such understanding is currently
incomplete. Here, we reveal the impacts of hydrodynamic conditions and
microscale surface roughness on the development of early-stage
Pseudomonas putida biofilm through a combination of microfluidic
experiments, numerical simulations, and fluid mechanics theories. We
demonstrate that early-stage biofilm growth is suppressed under high
flow conditions and that the critical local velocity for early-stage
P. putida biofilms to develop is about 50 μm/s, similar to
P. putida’s swimming speed. We further illustrate that microscale
surface roughness promotes the growth of early-stage biofilms by
increasing the area of the low-flow region. Furthermore, we show that
the critical average shear stress, above which early-stage biofilms
cease to form, is 0.9 Pa for rough surfaces, three times as large as the
value for flat or smooth surfaces (0.3 Pa). The important control of
flow conditions and microscale surface roughness on early-stage biofilm
development, characterized in this study, will facilitate future
predictions and managements of early-stage P. putida biofilm
development on the surfaces of drinking water pipelines, blood vessels,
and sediments in aquatic environments.
Addressing Underestimation in Global Forest Structure Mapping
Authors: Lee Jake , Favrichon Samuel , Mauceri Steffen , Yang Yan , Armston John , Saatchi Sassan
Published: January 2023

Mapping global vertical vegetation structure (VS) is critical for the
quantification of global carbon stocks. While orbital LIDAR measurements
of NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) mission provide
direct estimates of vertical VS, they only cover 4% of the global land
surface. Recent works have produced global contiguous maps of canopy
height using convolutional neural network (CNN) models and satellite
imagery. However, these models faced some challenges estimating high
canopy heights (>30 m) and identified some tiling artifacts
(Lang et al., 2022; Potapov et al., 2020).

We present various methods to address these limitations. First, we
remove tiling artifacts by using overlapping tiles when producing maps
and removing zero-padding from CNN architectures. Second, we compare the
benefits and limitations of a few different methods to improve high
canopy height estimation. Among the methods is histogram matching
predicted heights to nearby LIDAR measurements. Another is learning a
calibration model to correct each pixel based on similar known
measurements nearby. Finally, we borrow recent advances in deep depth
completion from the autonomous driving field to create an integrated
model that uses known values to improve the prediction map.

To demonstrate these methods, we map global vertical VS with a CNN model
at 1km resolution using observations from Landsat, L-band synthetic
aperture radar observations from the Advanced Land Observing Satellite
(ALOS) PALSAR-2, and surface topography. For model training, GEDI
relative height metrics are filtered and aggregated into 1km grids. We
also use measurements from the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2
(ICESat-2), inter-calibrated with GEDI using co-located measurements.
Finally, we apply the aforementioned corrective methods to the product,
reporting global RMSE and MAE metrics, as well as visual qualitative
observations. These results open the path for unsaturated global
vertical VS products at higher 500 m, 200 m, and 100 m resolutions.
Robust Multi-Campaign Imaging Spectrometer Methane Plume Detection using Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Jake , Bue Brian , Garay Michael , Thorpe Andrew , Duren Riley , Cusworth Daniel , Ayasse Alana
Published: January 2023

Identification of global methane (CH4) sources is critical to the
quantification and mitigation of this greenhouse gas. Future imaging
spectrometer missions, such as Carbon Mapper, will provide global,
spatially resolved observations that will make it possible to accurately
map methane sources. However, the sheer data volume of these missions
make manual source identification infeasible, and expected artifacts in
matched filter methane plume identification challenge simple
thresholding. Recent works have demonstrated the feasibility of
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for plume detection; however, in
the past, these models have suffered from high false positive rates and
were limited in their training and evaluation to individual flight
campaigns.

We have assembled quality-controlled tiled datasets from three Airborne
Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG)
campaigns: a 2020 California campaign (“COVID”), a 2019 Texas Permian
Basin campaign (“Permian”), and another 2018 California campaign
(“CACH4”). These datasets are notable for their diversity of surface
conditions, spatial resolutions, and source types (oil & gas, energy,
waste, livestock). Labeled methane sources in these datasets have been
manually verified, and flightlines with systematic artifacts have been
filtered out. We trained a GoogLeNet CNN classifier model on each of
these campaigns to evaluate intra- and inter- campaign performance. We
also trained a model on all three campaigns and evaluated its
performance on each dataset. We observed an F1 performance of 0.7 or
greater for each model trained and evaluated on its own dataset. We also
observed that the model trained on all three datasets often outperforms
individual models on multiple metrics. Finally, we converted the model
into a fully convolutional network (FCN) for methane plume saliency map
generation. We plan to extend this work to datasets acquired by the
Global Airborne Observatory (GAO) and prepare a model for deployment for
the Carbon Mapper orbital data product pipeline.
Territory Planning and Integrated Natural Resource Management. Project of Cross-border Cooperation Programme 2014-2020 ‘‘Sticky urban areas’’
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Skujāne Daiga , Ņitavska Natālija ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Markova Madara ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Spāģe Aiga ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Grīnfelde Inga ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies
Published: January 2023

The developed guidelines are intended to be informative, methodological and educational material on integrated planning and management of natural resources in urban environments, including both theoretical insights and practical examples. The material consists of three main thematic sections. The first section includes a strategic and theoretical framework, describing the main insights on natural resources in urban environments, urban ecology and strategic documents involving integrated planning and management of natural resources. The second section looks at the main methodological approaches and concepts, while the third section summarises the existing tools related to integrated planning and management of natural resources. The layout of the material is as follows: the basis is general information on the topic, supplemented with the main findings highlighted in the color corresponding to the chapter and with examples from practice marked in gray background. This material has been produced with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.
Strengthening Food Safety Systems in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Member Countries: Current Status, Framework, and Forward Strategies
Authors: Giap Bui Minh
Published: January 2023

Building on best practices, this paper aims to provide direction for strengthening food safety systems in the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation area to promote countries’ participation in regional and global food trade. By capitalizing on mutual strengths among its member countries, the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program envisions the region as a center for global trade and commerce. Support for food safety measures helps CAREC countries integrate, adapt, and prosper in global agricultural value chains.
Supporting Health-Care Financing Reform in Mongolia: Experiences, Lessons Learned, and Future Directions
Authors: Jigjidsuren Altantuya , Oyun Bayar
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses Mongolia’s health-care financing system and highlights lessons from reforms. The reform of the health-care financing system in Mongolia has seen the establishment of health insurance as an additional source of funding, and the transition from an input-oriented financing model to an output-oriented model that is better suited to a market economy. The Asian Development Bank’s assistance in reforming health-care financing in Mongolia offers lessons that could be useful in supporting other countries across the region.
Comparison of Outcomes of Two Different Corticosteroid Injection Approaches for Primary Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Deng Zhibo , Li Zhi , Li Xiangwei , Chen Zhongqiu , Shen Chen , Sun Xianding , Shu Han , Wu Jiangping , Tang Kaiying
Published: January 2023

Objective: Corticosteroid injection is a common treatment for primary frozen shoulder, but controversy remains regarding whether different injection approaches to the glenohumeral joint have similar clinical benefits.Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.Patients: A total of 60 patients with primary frozen shoulder were divided randomly into either anterior or posterior approach groups.Methods: Both groups received a 5-mL drug injection, including 1 mL 40 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide and 4 mL 2% lidocaine. Follow-up time-points were 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-injection. Outcome measures included visual analogue scale score, Constant-Murley score, and passive range of motion of the shoulder joint.Results: All outcome measures improved over the follow-up period compared with those of previous follow-up time-points within the groups. The primary finding was that the visual analogue scale score in the anterior group was better than that in the posterior group at each follow-up time-point (all p < 0.05). In addition, improvement in function score and external rotation was faster and significant in the anterior group in the early stages (p = 0.02).Conclusion: The anterior approach achieves more satisfactory results in pain control and offers better recovery of functional activity than posterior approach in the early period for primary frozen shoulder.
LAY ABSTRACTAlthough many studies have been published in recent years on corticosteroid injection in the glenohumeral joint for primary frozen shoulder, the injection approaches described by current reports are not consistent and not described in detail, which is not conducive for their use to be repeated by clinicians. Meanwhile, controversy remains regarding whether different approaches have similar clinical outcomes. This study used a modified anterior approach based on anatomical landmarks, taking the acromioclavicular joint as a reference, to accurately and quickly complete the injection process. The study showed that the anterior approach could reduce pain severity more significantly than the regular posterior approach, and this advantage can be maintained for 3 months. Meanwhile, the function score of the anterior approach could recover to the maximum more quickly. In addition, recovery of external rotation in the anterior approach was faster and greater that for the posterior approach.
Pliable solid medium as a plasma confinement layer for laser peening
Authors: Zhang Yang , Besshi Takumi , Tsuyama Miho , Heya Manabu , Nakano Hitoshi
Published: January 2023

Laser peening is a promising surface treatment technique for enhancing the mechanical performance of metals. In laser peening, the plasma confinement layer contributes to the generation of high-pressure shockwaves by suppressing the expansion of laser-induced plasma. Therefore, the choice of a plasma confinement layer is important for improving laser peening effectiveness. For laser peening in environments where liquid materials cannot be used as a plasma confinement layer, alginate gel, which is a pliable material with shape-following capabilities, has been proposed to reduce the acoustic impedance mismatch caused by surface roughness when using solid materials. In this study, the feasibility of alginate gel as a plasma confinement layer and an appropriate process window for laser irradiation were investigated. The results of this study are then presented.
Influence of an external magnetic field on laser-induced plasma and cavitation bubbles in submerged targets
Authors: Phukan Arindom , Nath Arpita
Published: January 2023

A pulsed Nd:YAG laser is tightly focussed on a metal target immersed in distilled de-ionized water. The resultant laser-induced plasma and subsequent cavitation bubble behavior are studied under the influence of an external magnetic field that is varied from 700 to 1000 Gauss. The study is conducted using a beam deflection probe arrangement. In addition, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is also employed to study the plasma spectrum. Furthermore, three different magnetic materials are employed for this investigation: ferromagnetic nickel, paramagnetic gadolinium, and diamagnetic copper. The studies revealed that cavitation bubble radii and collapse durations increased considerably as the magnitude of the external magnetic field was increased. This effect was prominent in the case of nickel and less so in the case of gadolinium and copper. For nickel, collapse times increase when the magnetic field was applied, whereas for gadolinium and copper, significant changes were not observed. The differences observed in collapse times showed that magnetic properties of the targets played a vital role in this phenomenon. The process of pulsed laser ablation in liquid also led to the respective generation of metallic nanoparticles from individual materials. Characterization of the generated nanoparticles revealed size reduction when synthesized under the influence of an external magnetic field. These characterizations were performed using transmission electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy.
Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Teknik Pengolahan Audio dan Video dengan Metode Resitasi
Authors: Purwanti Isa
Published: January 2023

Hasil belajar siswa khususnya pada mata pelajaran teknik pengolahan audio dan video kurang baik karena siswa tidak mau mendengarkan pelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru dan tidak mau mengerjakan tugas yang diberikan oleh guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan metode resitasi. Model penelitian tindakan kelas Kemmis dan McTaggart 4 tahap diadopsi untuk mencapai tujuan ini. Responden yang berpartisipasi sebanyak 32 orang siswa yang berasal dari kelas XII Multimedia 1 SMK. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar observasi aktivitas guru, lembar observasi keaktifan siswa, serta instrumen tes kognitif. Lembar observasi aktivitas guru menggunakan skala likert 4-point, lembar observasi aktivitas siswa menggunakan check list, dan tes kognitif berupa pilihan ganda. Seluruh data dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas guru dari skor 67.2 (Cukup Baik) pada siklus 1, menjadi 74.2 (Cukup Baik) pada siklus 2. Aktivitas siswa meningkat dari skor 77.5 (Baik) pada siklus 1, menjadi 83.5 (Baik) pada siklus 2. Rata-rata kelas meningkat dari 84.2 (Sedang) menjadi 85.6 (Tinggi) pada siklus 2. Jumlah siswa yang mencapai ketuntasan pada akhir siklus mencapai 100%. Jadi, metode resitasi efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas XII Multimedia 1 SMK.
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar PPKn dengan Optimalisasi Model Pembelajaran Inquiry pada Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Rusmiati Ni Made
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi permasalahan yang menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan prestasi belajar PPKn siswa masih cukup rendah. Tujuan penulisan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk menganalisis apakah prestasi belajar PPKn dapat meningkat dengan optimalisasi model pembelajaran inquiry pada siswa kelas V sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan (action research). Penelitian tindakan kelas ini melibatkan 17 subjek penelitian yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus melalui tahapan-tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi/pengamatan, dan refleksi. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Data dianalisis dengan deskriptif kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini diusulkan tingkat keberhasilan per siklus yaitu prestasi belajar siswa diharapkan mencapai rata-rata 70 atau lebih, dengan ketuntasan belajar mencapai 85%. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan peserta didik mengikuti proses pembelajaran dari rata-rata awal 60,00, pada siklus I 70,00, dan meningkat menjadi 81,65 pada siklus II dengan ketuntasan belajar awal 47%, pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 71%, dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 94%. Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil tersebut adalah penerapan model pembelajaran kuantum dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar PPKn siswa.
Model Kooperatif Tipe Student Teams Achievement Divisions pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh untuk Meningkatkan Konsentrasi dan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK
Authors: Imtikhanah Imtikhanah
Published: January 2023

Rendahnya konsentrasi belajar dan terlalu besarnya dominasi guru dalam pembelajaran menyebabkan rendahnya hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan konsetrasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dengan metode demonstrasi pada pembelajaran jarak jauh. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang diadopsi dari model Kemmis dan McTaggart. Penelitian dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus. Masing-masing siklus sebanyak 3 pertemuan. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 24 orang siswa sekolah menangah kejuruan kelas XII Kriya Kreatif Batik dan Tekstil (KKBT) 2. Konsentrasi belajar dinilai menggunakan lembar observasi dan hasil belajar dinilai menggunakan soal tes. Konsentrasi belajar dan hasil belajar dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan teknik persentase. Konsentrasi belajar siswa pada siklus 1 sebesar 75% dan meningkatkan sebesar 13% menjadi 88% pada siklus 2. Sedangkan hasil belajar siswa pada siklus 1 sebesar 75% dan meningkat sebesar 17% menjadi 92% pada siklus 2. Jadi, model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD menggunakan metode demonstrasi pada pembelajaran jarak jauh dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa.
Bimbingan Individual untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menyusun Penilaian Autentik
Authors: Partami Ketut
Published: January 2023

Guru belum mampu menerapkan penilaian autentik sesuai dengan kurikulum 2013. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan menunjukkan hasil penilaian yang dimiliki guru, hasilnya masih banyak catatan penilaian yang kosong. Penelitian tindakan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyusun penilaian autentik pada guru SD melalui penerapan bimbingan individual. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian adalah guru berjumlah 6 orang yang terdiri dari 2 orang guru laki-laki dan 4 orang guru perempuan. Data kemampuan guru menyusun penilaian autentik diperoleh melalui penilaian dokumen penilaian yang telah disusun dengan menggunakan instrumen observasi, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif disajikan dalam bentuk rata-rata nilai kemampuan guru menyusun penilaian autentik. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama dua siklus, hal ini terlihat dari peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun penilaian autentik yaitu sebelum dilaksanakan bimbingan individual nilai rata-rata kemampuan guru sebesar 61,31 meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 68,21 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 77,14. Maka, kemampuan guru SD menyusun penilaian autentik dapat meningkat melalui penerapan bimbingan individual. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menyusun penilaian autentik.
Implementasi Metode Demonstrasi untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Penjasorkes Siswa Kelas VI Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Kertya I Gede
Published: January 2023

Hasil belajar penjasorkes pada pembelajaran gerak dasar yang dicapai siswa masih rendah, nilai hasil belajarnya masih ada yang di bawah standar ketuntasan belajar minimal.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode demonstrasi untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar penjasorkes siswa kelas VI SD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang melibatkan siswa kelas VI yang berjumlah 23 orang siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi. Metode analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar penjasorkes mengalami peningkatan, hal dibuktikan terjadi perbedaan hasil belajar antara siklus I (jumlah 1667, rata-rata 72, daya serap 72%, ketuntasan belajar 57%) dan siklus II (jumlah 1878, rata-rata 82, daya serap 82%, ketuntasan belajar 91%). Terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar antara siklus I dan siklus II, menunjukan kenaikan rata-rata daya serap 9% dan pada ketuntasan belajar mengalami kenaikan sebesar 35%. Kesimpulan penerapan metode demonstrasi pada siswa kelas VI SD dapat meningkatkan hasil penjasorkes. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam memahami materi serta mencoba secara langsung.
Kemampuan Literasi Lingkungan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi Menggunakan Skor Nela
Authors: Anggraini Nike , Nazip Khoiron
Published: January 2023

Tingkat literasi lingkungan siswa di Indonesia secara kumulatif masih perlu ditingkatkan. Penyebab utamanya karena pada tingkat pengambilan keputusan di pusat dan daerah sering mengabaikan kepentingan pelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan literasi lingkungan mahasiswa pendidikan biologi menggunakan skor nela. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Sampel penelitian yakni mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi yang berada di semester 2, semester 4 dan semester 6 kelas yang berjumlah 137 mahasiswa. yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Tes literasi lingkungan menggunakan lembar instrument tes yang diadapatasi dan dimodifikasi dari Middle Schools Environmental Literacy Survey/ Instrument (MSELS/ I). Teknik pengumpulan data  terdiri dari 75 soal. Analisis tingkat literasi lingkungan ditransformasikan menggunakan pensekoran dari NELA (National Environmental Literacy Assessment). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa kemampuan literasi lingkungan mahasiswa berada pada kategori “sedang”. Implikasi penelitian ini siswa dapat bersikap, bertanggung jawab, peduli dan sadar akan keberadaan lingkungan. Proses pembelajaran sebaiknya memperkenalkan anak untuk belajar langsung dengan lingkungan atau belajar di luar kelas, mengamati masalah lingkungan dan perilaku yang dapat berdampak positif bagi lingkungan.
Pendekatan Saintifik dengan Metode Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Matematika pada Siswa Kelas V SD
Authors: Suyasmini Ni Putu
Published: January 2023

Keaktifan siswa dan ketertarikan yang masih kurang dalam pembelajaran merupakan salah satu indikator bahwa siswa masih kurang memiliki motivasi belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pendekatan saintifik dengan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw untuk meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar matematika pada siswa kelas V SD. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang melibatkan siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 14 orang siswa. Metode dan instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi dan data hasil belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes belajar. Metode analisis data dengan statistik deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar mata pelajaran matematika dinyatakan mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II, dibuktikan terjadi perbedaan data hasil observasi motivasi belajar antara siklus I yaitu jumlah skor motivasi belajar 910 rata-rata 65 dan persentase 65% menjadi jumlah skor 1090 rata-rata 78 persentase menjadi 78% pada siklus II. Hasil belajar antara siklus I yaitu jumlah skor hasil belajar 900, rata-rata 69, daya serap 69%, ketuntasan belajar 71% menjadi jumlah skor hasil belajar 1050, rata-rata 75, daya serap 75%, dan ketuntasan belajar 86% pada siklus II. Penerapan pendekatan saintifik dengan metode pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw pada siswa kelas V SD dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar pendidikan Matematika.
Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Hindu Siswa Kelas III
Authors: Ariasa Putu
Published: January 2023

Rendahnya mutu pendidikan dapat dilihat dari proses pembelajaran di sekolah minat siswa untuk memiliki ilmu pengetahuan yang diberikan masih sangat rendah. Sehingga mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa Agama Hindu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Pendidikan Agama Hindu siswa kelas III SD melalui penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 27 siswa. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil nilai tes awal yang masih dibawah standar siswa kelas III diketahui 7 orang dari 27 siswa yang nilainya di bawah KKM dengan daya serap 65,76% dan ketuntasan belajarnya baru mencapai 46,15%. Nilai hasil tindakan siklus I dari 27 orang siswa 18 orang memperoleh nilai diatas KKM dengan daya serap 76,30% dan ketuntasan belajarnya mencapai 66,67%. Siklus II di peroleh hasil 23 orang dari 27 siswa mencapai nilai diatas KKM dengan daya serap 80,74% dan ketuntasan belajarnya mencapai 85,19 %. Hasil menunjukkan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas III SD. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan guru mata pelajaran Agama Hindu dapat memilih model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD sebagai salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.
Model Pembelajaran STAD Berbantuan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Pendidikan Agama Hindu pada Siswa Kelas IV
Authors: Somertini Ni Luh
Published: January 2023

Mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran yang kurang disukai oleh siswa. Agama Hindu dianggap sulit dan banyak istilah-istilah yang harus dihafalkan, juga banyak materi yang rumit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbantuan media gambar dalam pembelajaran pendidikan agama Hindu dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas IV SD. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang melibatkan siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 27 orang siswa. Penelitian ini data hasil belajar siswa dikumpulkan dengan tes hasil belajar, metode analisis data dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan terjadi perbedaan hasil belajar antara siklus I (jumlah 2010, rata-rata 74, daya serap 74%, ketuntasan belajar 70%) dan siklus II (jumlah 2300, rata-rata 85, daya serap 85%, ketuntasan belajar 89%). Terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar antara siklus I dan Siklus II, menunjukan kenaikan rata-rata daya serap 11% dan pada ketuntasan belajar mengalami kenaikan sebesar 19%. Kesimpulan penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD berbantuan media gambar pada siswa kelas IV SD dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Agama Hindu. Impikasi penelitian ini adalah diharapkan dalam proses pembelajaran guru mampu memilih dan menerapkan model pembelajaran yang tepat yang sesuai dengan karakteristik dan kemampuan siswa sehingga tercipta proses pembelajaran yang inovatif dan bermakna.