bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of antibacterial peptides against H. pylori from bovine milk casein
Authors: Wan Guo-Yue , Lam Ka-Man , Wong Ian-Ian , FONG PEDRO , Meng Li-Rong
Published: March 2021

Introduction

More than half of the world’s population is infected with Helicobacter pylori, which may cause gastritis, peptic ulcer and even gastric cancer. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that H. pylori infection is a class I carcinogen and hence, eradication of it is highly important. Bovine milk contains caseins, which can be digested by various enzymes in the human stomach to produce antibacterial peptides.

Material and methods

This study used in vitro methods to extract anti-H. pylori peptides from caseins by the gastric protease, pepsin under environments with similar pH values to those found in the human stomach. The molecular weights and sequences of the peptides were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and MS/MS Ion Search, respectively. Antibacterial activity tests were performed to calculate the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of the extracts.

Results

The findings of this study revealed that the major products of bovine milk casein digestion by pepsin are casecidin 17 and β-casein 207–224. The extracts produced promising anti-H. pylori effects with the lowest MIC90 found at pH values of 1.5 and 2.0.

Conclusions

This study identified the anti-H. pylori effects of casecidin 17 and β-casein 207–224, which may help in developing therapeutic agents to modulate the effect of antibiotics on H. pylori infections.
Effects of botulinum toxin A and papaverine on human saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts: an in vitro study
Authors: Duman Ipek , Tanyeli Ömer , Dereli Yuksel , Oltulu Pembe , Toy Hatice , Sahin Ayse
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Autologous saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery (IMA) are used as bypass conduits during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Vasospasm of the arterial and venous grafts may constitute a significant clinical problem. Pretreatment with a vasodilator drug of the graft ex vivo or intraluminal injection before implantation may be used for spasm prophylaxis. This in-vitro study was designed to assess the vasoactive effects and time-dependent changes of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and papaverine pretreatment on vasospasm of human SV and IMA grafts. Also histomorphology of the vessels were assessed.

Material and methods

SV and IMA segments were suspended in organ baths and isometric contraction responses to two different concentrationsof 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were recorded after incubation with two different concentrations of BTX-A and papaverine at two time points (0 hours and 2nd hour).

Results

The results suggest that; 1) incubation with BTX-A and papaverine relaxes both SV and IMA rings contracted with 5-HT and ET-1, 2) duration of the relaxant effect of BTX-A lasts longer than papaverine, 3) no apparent histomorphologic changes are observed in the grafts under light microscopy.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that in human SV and IMA grafts, pretreatment with both BTX-A and papaverine are safe and have a potent inhibitory effect depending on the vessel and vasoconstrictor agent. Long lasting vasodilatory effect of BTX-A on vascular smooth muscle may provide promising results for preventing venous and arterial graft spasm.
How can we use positron emission tomography/
computed tomography more accurately for characterization of asbestos-related pleural thickening?
Authors: Simsek F. Selcuk , Cakmak Muharrem , Kuslu Duygu , Balci Tansel , In Erdal , Ozercan Ibrahim , Narin Yavuz
Published: March 2021

Introduction

There is no consensus about the standardized uptake value maximum (SUVmax) cut-off value to characterize pleural thickening worldwide. Sometimes, this causes unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. Our first aim is to determine a cut-off value for SUVmax. Secondly, we try to answer the following question: If we use this cut-off value together with morphological parameters, can we differentiate benign thickening from malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) more accurately?

Material and methods

Thirty-seven patients who underwent 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before pleural biopsy were included the study. All of patients had histopathologically proven primary pleural disease. Their [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging reports were re-assessed. If a patient’s SUVmax or size of the thickening was not mentioned in the report, we calculated it with their [18F]FDG-PET/CT.

Results

Age, pleural effusion, size, and SUVmax were found to have a relationship with MPM. We found the size > 14 mm, and SUVmax > 4.0 as cut-off values for MPM. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for size > 14 mm were found to be 86.4%, 85.2%, 82.6%, 88.5%, respectively. For SUVmax > 4.0, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV were 90.9%, 87.0%, 85.1%, 92.2%, respectively.

Conclusions

If a patient has SUVmax > 4.0 and/or size > 14 mm, the risk of MPM is high. These patients should undergo biopsy. If a patient’s SUVmax < 4.0, size < 14 mm and does not have pleural effusion, he/she has low risk for MPM. These patients can undergo the follow-up. If a patient’s SUVmax < 4, size < 14, and has pleural effusion the MPM risk is approximately 4%. These patients can undergo biopsy/cytology/follow-up. Novel studies are needed for these patients.
Ocular manifestations of Parkinson disease
Authors: Al-Namaeh Mashael
Published: March 2021

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. We aimed to review both the disease and the drug-related ocular manifestations of PD.

Methods: In this manuscript, we have reviewed and summarized existing literature on the ocular manifestations and drug-related complications of PD. We have also discussed the use of current noninvasive imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), for the early diagnosis and monitoring of PD.

Results: Impaired color vision, reduced stereopsis, reduced contrast sensitivity, pupillary abnormalities, eye movement disorders, convergence insufficiency, dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, visual dysfunctions, retinal abnormalities, and drug-related side effects were among the listed ocular manifestations of PD. There is a large knowledge gap regarding the type of glaucoma affecting PD patients—whether it is open-angle or other types. Further case studies and long-term follow-ups during PD progression are necessary to fill this gap. Patient compliance with follow-up visits for more visual field tests and OCT during PD progression may become problematic when dementia and cognitive impairment occur.

Conclusions: There is a general need for clinicians to perform further tests and more visual examinations to rule out ocular manifestations. Furthermore, additional clinical trials are needed to further evaluate the use of different types of OCT findings as biomarkers of PD progression. This would aid in early diagnosis and in delaying disease progression, if treated promptly.
Role of intestinal microbiome in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Kalogeropoulos Dimitrios , Katsikatsos Konstantinos , Dallas Konstantinos , Ch’ng Soon Wai , Asproudis Ioannis , Stefaniotou Maria , Kalogeropoulos Chris
Published: March 2021

Background: The microbiome is strongly linked to many extra-intestinal disorders. Gut commensal microbiota, in particular, plays an active role in human immune and intestinal homeostasis. Complex interactions of the microbiota with host genetics and other underlying factors lead to intestinal dysbiosis, which is thought to be linked to ocular inflammatory diseases. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the role of intestinal microbiome in age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, limited to English language publications, from January 2004 to March 2020. An additional search was made employing Google Scholar to complete the collected data as per the above-mentioned time-line and language limitations. The main keywords used included age-related macular degeneration, microbiome, dysbiosis, autoimmunity, gut microbiota, epigenetics, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, and gut-retina axis.

Results: Recent studies have proposed the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AMD. Changes in the microbiome have been shown to trigger several ocular inflammatory processes. There is increasing evidence demonstrating that intestinal microbial imbalance may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD.

Conclusions: This review summarizes how alterations in the intestinal microbiota can be associated with the pathogenesis of AMD and how new therapeutic modalities can be designed to target this microbiome to limit the severe nature of this disease. Future advances in microbiome research may unveil a new era in understanding and managing AMD.
Dispersion of particulate matter (PM2.5) from wood combustion for residential heating: Optimisation of mitigation actions based on large-eddy simulations
Authors: Wolf Tobias , Pettersson Lasse H. , Esau Igor
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Many cities in the world experience significant air pollution from residential wood combustion. Such an advection-diffusion problem as applied to geographically distributed small-scale pollution sources presently does not have a satisfactory theoretical or modelling solution. For example, statistical models do not allow for pollution accumulation in local stagnation zones – a type of phenomena that is commonly observed over complex terrain. This study applies a Parallelized Atmospheric Large-eddy simulation Model (PALM) to investigate dynamical phenomena that control variability and pathways of the atmospheric pollution emitted by wood-burning household stoves. The model PALM runs with a real spatial distribution of the pollution source and with realistic surface boundary conditions that characterize a medium-sized urban area fragmented by water bodies and hills. Such complex geography is expected to favor local air quality hazards, which makes this study of general interest. The case study here is based on winter conditions in Bergen, Norway. We investigate the turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar associated with small sized particles (PM2.5) emitted by household stoves. The study considers air pollution effects that could be observed under different policy scenarios of stove replacement; modern wood stoves emit significantly less PM2.5 than the older ones, but replacement of stoves is costly and challenging process. To solve the advection-diffusion problem, we used the PALM model at spatial resolution of 10 m in an urban-sized modelling domain of 15 km by 15 km. We found significant accumulation of near-surface pollution in the local stagnation zones. The observed concentrations were larger than concentrations due to the local PM2.5 emission, thus, indicating dominant trans-boundary contribution of pollutants for other districts. We demonstrate how the source of critical pollution can be attributed through model disaggregation of emissions from specific districts. The study reveals a decisive role of local air circulations over complex terrain that makes high-resolution modelling indispensable for adequate management of the urban air quality.This modelling study has important policy-related implications. Uneven spatial distribution of the pollutants suggests prioritizing certain limited urban districts in policy scenarios. We show that focused efforts towards stove replacement in specific areas may have dominant positive effect on the air quality in the whole municipality. The case study identifies urban districts where limited incentives would result in the strongest reduction of the population’s exposure to PM2.5.
Ice-nucleating particles in precipitation samples from the Texas Panhandle
Authors: Vepuri Hemanth S. K. , Rodriguez Cheyanne A. , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios G. , Hume Dustin , Webb James , Mayer Gregory D. , Hiranuma Naruki
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) influence the formation of ice crystals in clouds and many types of precipitation. This study reports unique
properties of INPs collected from 42 precipitation samples in the Texas Panhandle region from June 2018 to July 2019. We used a cold stage instrument called the West Texas Cryogenic Refrigerator Applied to Freezing Test system to estimate INP concentrations per unit volume of air (nINP) through immersion freezing in our precipitation samples with our detection capability of > 0.006 INP L−1. A
disdrometer was used for two purposes: (1) to characterize the ground-level precipitation type and (2) to measure the precipitation intensity as
well as size of precipitating particles at the ground level during each precipitation event. While no clear seasonal variations of nINP values were apparent, the analysis of yearlong ground-level precipitation observation as well as INPs in the precipitation samples showed some INP variations, e.g., the highest and lowest nINP values at −25 ∘C both in the summer for hail-involved severe thunderstorm samples (3.0 to 1130 INP L−1), followed by the second lowest at the same temperature from one of our snow samples collected during the winter (3.2 INP L−1). Furthermore, we conducted bacteria community analyses using a subset of our precipitation samples to examine the presence of known biological INPs. In parallel, we also performed metagenomics characterization of the bacterial microbiome in suspended ambient dust samples collected at commercial open-lot livestock facilities (cattle feedyards hereafter) in the Texas Panhandle (i.e., the northernmost counties of Texas, also known as “West Texas”) to ascertain whether local cattle feedyards can act as a source of bioaerosol particles and/or INPs found in the precipitation samples. Some key bacterial phyla present in cattle feedyard samples appeared in precipitation samples. However, no known ice nucleation active species were detected in our samples. Overall, our results showed that cumulative nINP in our precipitation samples below −20 ∘C could be high in the samples collected while observing > 10 mm h−1 precipitation with notably large hydrometeor sizes and an implication of cattle feedyard bacteria inclusion.
Introducing the MISR Level 2 Near Real-Time Aerosol Product
Authors: Witek Marcin L. , Garay Michael J. , Diner David J. , Bull Michael A. , Seidel Felix C. , Nastan Abigail M. , Hansen Earl G.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosols are an important element of Earth’s climate system, and have significant impacts on the environment and on human health. Global aerosol modeling has been increasingly used for operational forecasting and as support to decision making. For example, aerosol analyses and forecasts are routinely used to provide air quality information and alerts in both civilian and military applications. The growing demand for operational aerosol forecasting calls for additional observational data that can be assimilated into models to improve model accuracy and predictive skill. These factors have motivated the development, testing, and release of a new near real-time (NRT) level 2 (L2) aerosol product from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on NASA’s Terra platform. The NRT product capitalizes on the unique attributes of the MISR aerosol retrieval approach and product contents, such as reliable aerosol optical depth as well as aerosol microphysical information. Several modifications are described that allow for rapid product generation within a three-hour window following acquisition of the satellite observations. Implications for the product quality and consistency are discussed as compared to the current operational L2 MISR aerosol product. Several ways of implementing additional use-specific retrieval screenings are also highlighted.
Plant genotype controls wetland soil microbial functioning in response to sea-level rise
Authors: Tang Hao , Liebner Susanne , Reents Svenja , Nolte Stefanie , Jensen Kai , Horn Fabian , Mueller Peter
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Climate change induced shifts in plant community composition affect the decomposition of soil organic matter via plant-microbe interactions, often with important consequences for ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Given the high degree of intraspecific trait variability in plants, it has been hypothesized that genetic shifts within species yield a similar potential to affect soil microbial functioning.We examined if sea-level rise and plant genotype interact to affect soil microbial communities in an experimental coastal wetland system, using two known genotypes of the dominant salt-marsh grass Elymus athericus characterized by differences in their sensitivity to flooding stress – i.e. an adapted genotype from low-marsh environments and an unadapted genotype from high-marsh environments. Plants were exposed to a large range of flooding frequencies in a factorial mesocosm experiment, and soil microbial-activity parameters (exo-enzyme activity and litter breakdown) and microbial community structure were assessed.Plant genotype mediated the effect of flooding on soil microbial community structure and determined the presence of flooding effects on exo-enzyme activities and belowground litter breakdown. Larger variability in microbial community structure, enzyme activities, and litter breakdown in soils planted with the unadapted plant genotype supported our general hypothesis that effects of climate change on soil microbial activity and community structure can depend on plant intraspecific adaptations. We conclude that adaptive genetic variation in plants can suppress or facilitate the effects of climate change on soil microbial communities. If this finding applies more generally to wetland ecosystems and beyond, it yields important implications for experimental climate change research and models of soil organic matter accumulation.
Will community calcification reflect reef accretion on future,
degraded coral reefs?
Authors: Lantz Coulson A. , Leggat William , Bergman Jessica L. , Fordyce Alexander , Page Charlotte , Mesaglio Thomas , Ainsworth Tracy D.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Coral bleaching events continue to drive the degradation of coral reefs worldwide, causing a shift in the benthic community from coral to algae dominated ecosystems. Critically, this shift may decrease the capacity of degraded coral reef communities to maintain net positive accretion during warming-driven stress events (e.g., reef-wide coral bleaching). Here we measured rates of net ecosystem calcification (NEC) and net ecosystem production (NEP) on a degraded coral reef lagoon community (coral cover  20 %) during a reef-wide bleaching event in February of 2020 at Heron Island on the Great Barrier Reef. We found that during this bleaching event, rates of community NEP and NEC across replicate transects remained positive and did not change in response to bleaching. Repeated benthic surveys over a period of 20 d indicated an increase in the percent area of bleached coral tissue, corroborated by relatively low Symbiodiniaceae densities (~0.6 × 106 cm−2) and dark-adapted photosynthetic yields in photosystem II of corals (~0.5) sampled along each transect over this period. Given that a clear decline in coral health was not reflected in the overall community NEC estimates, it is possible that elevated temperatures in the water column that compromise coral health enhanced the thermodynamic favourability for calcification in other, ahermatypic benthic calcifiers. These data suggest that positive NEC on degraded reefs may not equate to the net positive accretion of reef structure in a future, warmer ocean. Critically, our study highlights that if coral cover continues to decline as predicted, NEC may no longer be an appropriate proxy for reef growth as the proportion of the community NEC signal owed to ahermatypic calcification increases and coral dominance on the reef decreases.
GeoDAR: Georeferenced global dam and reservoir dataset for
bridging attributes and geolocations
Authors: Wang Jida , Walter Blake A. , Yao Fangfang , Song Chunqiao , Ding Meng , Maroof Abu S. , Zhu Jingying , Fan Chenyu , Xin Aote , McAlister Jordan M. , Sikder Safat , Sheng Yongwei , Allen George H. , Crétaux Jean-François , Wada Yoshihide
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Dams and reservoirs are among the most widespread human-made infrastructure on Earth. Despite their societal and environmental significance, spatial inventories of dams and reservoirs, even for the large ones, are insufficient. A dilemma of the existing georeferenced dam datasets is the polarized focus on either dam quantity and spatial coverage (e.g., GOODD) or detailed attributes for limited dam quantity or regions (e.g., GRanD and national inventories). One of the most comprehensive datasets, the World Register of Dams (WRD) maintained by the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD), documents nearly 60,000 dams with an extensive suite of attributes. Unfortunately, WRD records are not georeferenced, limiting the benefits of their attributes for spatially explicit applications. To bridge the gap between attribute accessibility and spatial explicitness, we introduce the Georeferenced global Dam And Reservoir (GeoDAR) dataset, created by utilizing online geocoding API and multi-source inventories. We release GeoDAR in two successive versions (v1.0 and v1.1) at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13670527. GeoDAR v1.0 holds 21,051 dam points georeferenced from WRD, whereas v1.1 consists of a) 23,680 dam points after a careful harmonization between GeoDAR v1.0 and GRanD and b) 20,214 reservoir polygons retrieved from high-resolution water masks. Due to geocoding challenges, GeoDAR spatially resolved 40 % of the records in WRD which, however, comprise over 90 % of the total reservoir area, catchment area, and reservoir storage capacity. GeoDAR does not release the proprietary WRD attributes, but upon individual user requests we can assist in associating GeoDAR spatial features with the WRD attribute information that users have acquired from ICOLD. With a dam quantity triple that of GRanD, GeoDAR significantly enhances the spatial details of smaller but more widespread dams and reservoirs, and complements other existing global dam inventories. Along with its extended attribute accessibility, GeoDAR is expected to benefit a broad range of applications in hydrologic modelling, water resource management, ecosystem health, and energy planning.
High resolution seasonal and decadal inventory of anthropic gas-phase and particle emissions for Argentina
Authors: Puliafito S. Enrique , Bolaño-Ortiz Tomás R. , Fernandez Rafael P. , Berná Lucas L. , Pascual-Flores Romina M. , Urquiza Josefina , López-Noreña Ana I. , Tames María F.
Published: March 2021

Abstract. This work presents the integration of a gas-phase and particulate atmospheric emission inventory (AEI) for Argentina in high spatial resolution (0.025° × 0.025°; approx. 2.5 km × 2.5 km) considering monthly variability from 1995 to 2020. The new inventory, called GEAA-AEIv3.0M, includes the following activities: energy production, fugitive emissions from oil and gas production, industrial fuel consumption and production, transport -road, maritime and air-, agriculture, livestock production, manufacturing, residential, commercial and biomass + agricultural-waste burning. The following species, grouped by atmospheric reactivity, are considered: i) Greenhouse Gases (GHG): CO2, CH4 and N2O; ii) Ozone Precursors: CO, NOx (NO + NO2) and Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC); iii) Acidifying Gases: NH3 and SO2; and iv) Particulate Matter (PM): PM10, PM2.5, Total Suspended Particle (TSP) and Black-Carbon (BC). The main objective of the GEAA-AEIv3.0M high-resolution emission inventory is to provide temporal resolved emission maps to support air quality and climate modeling oriented to evaluate pollutant mitigation strategies by local governments. This is of major concern especially in countries where air quality monitoring networks are scarce, and the development of regional and seasonal emissions inventories would result in remarkable improvements in the time + space chemical prediction achieved by air quality models. Despite distinguishing among different sectoral and activity databases as well as introducing a novel spatial distribution approach based on census radii, our high-resolution GEAA-AEIv3.0M show equivalent national-wide total emissions compared to the Third National Communication of Argentina (TNCA), which compiles annual GHG emissions from 1990 through 2014 (agreement within ±4 %). However, the GEAA-AEIv3.0M includes acidifying gases and PM species not considered in TNCA. Spatial and temporal comparisons were also performed against EDGAR HTAPv5.0 inventory for several pollutants. The agreement was acceptable within less than 30 % for most of the pollutants and activities, although a > 90 % discrepancy was obtained for methane from fuel production and fugitive emissions and > 120 % for biomass burning. Finally, the updated seasonal series clearly showed the pollution reduction due to the COVID-19 lockdown during the first quarter of year 2020 with respect to same months in previous years. Through an open access data repository, we present the GEAA-AEIv3.0M inventory, as the largest and more detailed spatial resolution dataset for the Argentine Republic, which includes monthly gridded emissions for 12 species and 15 sectors between 1995 and 2020. The datasets are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/d6xrhpmzdp.1, under a CC-BY 4 license (Puliafito et al., 2021).
The WGLC global gridded lightning climatology and timeseries
Authors: Kaplan Jed O. , Lau Katie Hong-Kiu
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Lightning is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena and has wide ranging influence on the Earth System, but few long-term observational datasets of lightning occurrence and distribution are currently freely available. Here we analyze global lightning activity over the second decade of the 21st century using a new global, high-resolution gridded timeseries and climatology of lightning stroke density based on raw data from the World-Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). While the total number of strokes detected increases from 2010–2014, an adjustment for detection efficiency reduces this artificial trend. The global distribution of lightning shows the well-known pattern of greatest density over the three tropical terrestrial regions of the Americas, Africa, and the Maritime Continent, but we also noticed substantial temporal variability over the 11 years of record, with more lightning in the tropics from 2012–2015 and increasing lightning in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere from 2016–2020. Although the total number of strokes detected globally was constant, mean stroke power decreases significantly from a peak in 2013 to the lowest levels on record in 2020. Evaluation with independent observational networks shows that while the WWLLN does not capture peak seasonal lightning densities, it does represent the majority of powerful lightning strokes. The resulting gridded lightning dataset (Kaplan and Lau, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.904253) is freely available and will be useful for a range of studies in climate, earth system, and natural hazards research, including direct use as input data to models and as evaluation data for independent simulations of lightning occurrence.
Assessment of stochastic weather forecast of precipitation near European cities, based on analogs of circulation
Authors: Krouma Meriem , Yiou Pascal , Déandreis Céline , Thao Soulivanh
Published: March 2021

Abstract. In this study, we aim to assess the skill of a stochastic weather generator (SWG) to forecast precipitation in several cities of Western Europe. The SWG is based on random sampling of analogs of the geopotential height at 500 hPa. The SWG is evaluated for two reanalyses (NCEP and ERA5). We simulate 100-member ensemble forecasts on a daily time increment. We evaluate the performance of SWG with forecast skill scores and we compare it to ECMWF forecasts. Results show significant positive skill scores (continuous rank probability skill score and correlation) for lead times of 5 and 10 days for different areas in Europe. We found that the low predictability of our model is related to specific weather regimes, depending on the European region. Comparing SWG forecasts to ECMWF forecasts, we found that the SWG shows a good performance for 5 days.  This performance varies from one region to another. This paper is a proof of concept for a stochastic regional ensemble precipitation forecast. Its parameters (e.g. region for analogs) must be tuned for each region in order to optimize its performance.
Global water resources knowledge gaps
Authors: Wu Shuanglei , Wei Yongping , Wang Xuemei
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The stationarity of hydrological systems is dead. Has our hydrological/water resources knowledge well transformed to address this change? By using publications indexed in the Web of Science database since 1900, we aim to investigate the global development of water resources knowledge at river basin scale from a system science perspective. Water resources knowledge development in a river basin is defined as a complex system involving the co-evolutionary dynamics of scientific disciplines and management issues. It is found that: 1) centralised and legacy-inclined water resources knowledge structures dominated major river basins in the world; 2) links between water resources knowledge structure and the management issues it addressed are increasingly homogenised; and 3) cross-disciplinary collaborations have remained largely unchanged and collaborations with social sciences have been very limited. In conclusions, the stationarity of the water resources knowledge system persists. A shift of water resources knowledge development to cope with the rapidly changing hydrological systems and associated management issues is urgently needed.
Determination of hydrogen exchange and relaxation parameters in
PHIP complexes at micromolar concentrations
Authors: Sellies Lisanne , Aspers Ruud L. E. G. , Tessari Marco
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Non-hydrogenative Para-Hydrogen Induced Polarization (PHIP) is a fast, efficient and relatively inexpensive approach to enhance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signals of small molecules in solution. The efficiency of this technique depends on the interplay of NMR relaxation and kinetic processes, which, at high concentrations, can be characterized by selective inversion experiments. However, in the case of dilute solutions this approach is clearly not viable. Here, we present alternative PHIP-based NMR experiments to determine hydrogen and hydrides’ relaxation parameters as well as the rate constants for p-H2 association and dissociation from asymmetric PHIP complexes at micromolar concentrations. Access to these parameters is necessary to understand and improve the PHIP enhancements of (dilute) substrates present in, for instance, biofluids and natural extracts.
Snow depth mapping with unpiloted aerial system lidar observations: a case study in Durham, New Hampshire, United States
Authors: Jacobs Jennifer M. , Hunsaker Adam G. , Sullivan Franklin B. , Palace Michael , Burakowski Elizabeth A. , Herrick Christina , Cho Eunsang
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Terrestrial and airborne laser scanning and structure from motion
techniques have emerged as viable methods to map snow depths. While these
systems have advanced snow hydrology, these techniques have noted
limitations in either horizontal or vertical resolution. Lidar on an
unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) is another potential method to observe field-
and slope-scale variations at the vertical resolutions needed to resolve
local variations in snowpack depth and to quantify snow depth when snowpacks
are shallow. This paper provides some of the earliest snow depth mapping
results on the landscape scale that were measured using lidar on a UAV. The
system, which uses modest-cost, commercially available components, was
assessed in a mixed deciduous and coniferous forest and open field for a
thin snowpack (< 20 cm). The lidar-classified point clouds had an
average of 90 and 364 points/m2 ground returns in the forest and field,
respectively. In the field, in situ and lidar mean snow depths, at 0.4 m horizontal resolution, had a mean absolute difference of 0.96 cm and a root
mean square error of 1.22 cm. At 1 m horizontal resolution, the field snow
depth confidence intervals were consistently less than 1 cm. The forest
areas had reduced performance with a mean absolute difference of 9.6 cm, a
root mean square error of 10.5 cm, and an average one-sided confidence
interval of 3.5 cm. Although the mean lidar snow depths were only 10.3 cm in
the field and 6.0 cm in the forest, a pairwise Steel–Dwass test showed that
snow depths were significantly different between the coniferous forest, the
deciduous forest, and the field land covers (p < 0.0001). Snow
depths were shallower, and snow depth confidence intervals were higher in
areas with steep slopes. Results of this study suggest that performance
depends on both the point cloud density, which can be increased or decreased
by modifying the flight plan over different vegetation types, and the grid
cell variability that depends on site surface conditions.
Impact of the melt-albedo feedback on the future evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet with PISM-dEBM-simple
Authors: Zeitz Maria , Reese Ronja , Beckmann Johanna , Krebs-Kanzow Uta , Winkelmann Ricarda
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Surface melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet contributes a large amount to current and future sea-level rise. Increased surface melt, algae growth, debris, and dust deposition lower the reflectivity of the ice surface and thereby increase melt rates: the so-called melt-albedo feedback describes this potentially self-sustaining increase in surface melting. Here we present a simplified version of the diurnal Energy Balance Model (dEBM-simple) which is implemented as a surface melt module in the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). dEBM-simple is a modification of diurnal Energy Balance Model (dEBM), a surface melt scheme of intermediate complexity useful for simulations over centennial to multi-millennial timescales. dEBM-simple is computationally efficient, suitable for standalone ice-sheet modeling and includes a simple representation of the melt-albedo feedback. Using dEBM-simple and PISM, we find that this feedback increases ice loss until 2300 through surface warming by 60 % for the high-emission scenario RCP8.5. With an increase of 90 %, the effect is more pronounced for lower surface warming under RCP2.6. Furthermore, assuming an immediate darkening of the ice surface over all summer months, we estimate an upper bound for this effect to be +70 % in the RCP8.5 scenario and a more than fourfold increase under RCP2.6. With dEBM-simple implemented in PISM, we find that the melt-albedo feedback is an essential contributor to mass loss in dynamic simulations of the Greenland Ice Sheet under future warming.
Efficacy of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve and Trabeculectomy With Mitomycin-C in Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Khan Manzoor Ahmed , Bukhari Sadia , Khan Zafar Ahmed , Mengal Mahtab , Khan Muhammad Afzal , Panezai Aimal Khan
Published: March 2021

Objective: To compare the efficacy between Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery and Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-c inpediatric glaucoma.Study design and setting: Quasi-experimental study was conducted at Pediatric Ophthalmology Department, ISRA Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology/ Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi. Duration of study was February to August 2016.Methodology: Samples were divided into two groups. Group A Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin-C and Group B withAhmed Glaucoma valve surgery. Inclusion criteria were children (above 2 years and less than 15 years of age) visitingPediatric Ophthalmology OPD irrespective of gender, glaucoma diagnosed with the duration of symptoms > 4 weeks.Exclusion criteria were patient with repeat surgery for glaucoma, combined ocular surgery i.e penetrating keratoplasty orcataract, Preoperative keratitis, uveitis or conjunctivitis, as determined by slit-lamp examination. Paired sample t-test wasapplied to compare the pre and post IOP examination findings. P-value = 0.05 considered as statistically significant.Results: A total of 110 patients were recruited in this study in which 97 patients were analyzed. Mean age of Group A was6.73±2.7 and mean age of Group B was 7.05±2.3. Mean pre-operative IOP in “Group A” was found to be 31.59±5.4 andpost-operative IOP was reduced to 17.95±4.8 with statistically significant P-value <0.0001. In “Group B” Mean preoperativeIOP was 30.60±5.3 and post-operative IOP was 18.43±3.8 with statistically significant P-value <0.0001.Conclusion: A significant difference found between efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve surgery and Trabeculectomy withMitomycin-C in pediatric glaucoma after 4th week of surgery.
PENGARUH SOSIALISASI PERPAJAKAN, TARIF PAJAK, SANKSI PERPAJAKAN, DAN KESADARAN PERPAJAKAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN PELAPORAN SPT TAHUNAN WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI (Studi Empiris Pada KPP Pratama Jayapura)
Authors: Muhamad Marisa Setiawati , Asnawi Meinarni , Pangayow Bill J.C
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of taxation socialization, tax rates, tax sanctions, and tax awareness on tax reporting compliance Annual taxpayer person. Study at KPP Pratama Jayapura. Data collection in this study is to use questionnaires to individual taxpayers in KPP Pratama Jayapura. The sampling technique used in this research is convenience sampling. Data analysis techniques using Partial Least Square (PLS) using Smart PLS 3.0 software. Based on the results ofanalysis by using PLS test tool shows that there is influence between taxation on taxation awareness. There is an influence between taxation socialization, tax rate and tax awareness on tax reporting compliance annual taxpayer personal person. While the tax sanction does not affect the taxpayer annual reporting of the individual taxpayers. Tax awareness may interfere with the socialization of annual taxpayer's annual reporting compliance
PENGARUH KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI, KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN DAN KEBIJAKAN DEVIDEN TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Tanto Tania Ivanna A. , Simanjuntak Aaron M. A. , Pangayow Bill J.C
Published: March 2021

The value of the company is very important because the high value of the company will be followed by the high prosperity of shareholders. The higher the stock price, the higher the value of the company, in order to achieve company value, investors generally give their management to professionals. Optimizing company value can be achieved through the implementation of financial management functions, where one financial decision taken will influence other financial decisions and have an impact on the value of the company. This study aims to determine the effect of investment decisions, funding decision taken will influence other financial decision and have an impact on the value of the company. This study aims to determine the effect of investment decisions, funding decisions and dividend policies on firm value. The population in this study are all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2016 while sample selection using purposive sampling technique obtained 89 companies that will be used as samples in this study. The hypothesis testing uses multiple regression analysis. The results of the study partially show that investment decision affect the value of the company, funding decisions do not affect the value of the company and dividend policy does not affect the value of the company. While the simultaneous research resultshows that investment decisions, funding decisions and dividend policies have a significant effect on firm value
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSEPSI WAJIB PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI TERHADAP ETIKA PENGGELAPAN PAJAK (Studi Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Terdaftar di KPP Pratama Jayapura)
Authors: Helweldery Bryando , Allolayuk Theo , Matani Cornelia D.
Published: March 2021

This research aims to determine the influence of taxation, tax-service, and taxation sanctions on tax evasion. The population in this research is a registered taxpayer at KPP Pratama Jayapura. Sampling is done according to the proportions, so that the number of respondents are fulfilled by a certain characteristic of 100 respondents. The data analysis methods used in this study are validity, reliability, classical assumption test, hypothesized test and multiple linear regression. The results showed that partially understanding taxation positively affect tax evasion, while the tax authorities have no positive effect and the taxation sanctions have no positive effect on tax evasion In addition, the research has no simultaneous effect on tax evasion at KPP Pratama Jayapura. The implications of this study show that tax evasion is seen as unethical action to do. The Directorate General of Taxation needs to socialize the importance of taxation understanding to lower tax evasion rates.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN LABA DAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: Kurniawan Alam Ashari , Hutadjulu Linda Y. , Simanjuntak Aaron M. A
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze the influence of earnings management and corporate governance on fraudulent financial statements. This research was conducted again to review the influence of earnings management and corporate governance on fraud. The population in this study is amanufacturing company listed on the Indonesian stock exchange. Based on the purposive sampling method obtained by 50 companies. The number ofobservations is 150 observations. The analysis used is logistic regression. The results in this study indicate that earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals and unexpected revenue per employee proves that there is no influence onfraudulent financial statements. Corporate governance as measured by managerial ownership, institutional ownership, board of commissioners, independent commissioners, independent audit committees does not affect on fraudulent financial statements.
PENGARUH SIZE, PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN UMUR PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PENGUNGKAPAN TANGGUNGJAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018)
Authors: Irianti Ike Nur , Allo Layuk Paulus Kombo , Andrianti Hastutie Noor
Published: March 2021

This research aims to obtain empirical evidence on the analysis of factors influencing The disclosure of Corporate social responsibility in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Factors used include Size, Profitability, Leverage, and age of the company. Measurement of the corporate social responsibility disclosure Using the Global REPORTING Initiative (GRI). There are 79 items to detect the level of disclosure of corporate social responsibility. The population of this research is all the financial data of manufacturing companies listed on IDX period 2014-2018. The sample determination method used in this study is the purposive sampling method. The samples used in this research are all manufacturing companies that publish annual and financial reports during the observation period. Total sample used in this study as much as 40 companies. The data used is secondary data from IDX. The analytical techniques used are multiple linear regression analyses.The results of this study showed that the company size affects the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, while profitability, leverage, and the company's age do not affect the disclosure ofcorporate social responsibility.
PENGARUH TANGIBILITY, PROFITABILITAS, GROWTH, RISIKO BISNIS DAN LIKUIDITAS TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN HUTANG (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2015-2017)
Authors: Abubakar Dwi Yuniarti , Daat Sylvia Christina , Sanggenafa Mariolin A.
Published: March 2021

The research aims to analyze the influence oftangibility, profitability, growth, business risk, and liquidity to debt policy. This research is repurposed to review the influence oftangibility, profitability, growth, business risk, and liquidity of debt policy. Financial report is obtained by access to www.idx.co.id. The number of samples obtained in this study was as much as 178 samples. The analytical techniques used in this study are multiple linear regression to obtain a thorough picture of the relationship between the variables of one another. The results in this study show that profitability, business risk, liquidity, and size of the company have an influence and significance to the debt policy. While tangibility, growth, and age companies do not affect the debt policy.
Movilidad de la población e inmigración extranjera en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Barcelona
Authors: Ajenjo Cosp Marc , Bayona-i-Carrasco Jordi
Published: March 2021

El mercado laboral español conoce, durante la última década, profundos cambios en la composición de sus trabajadores, primero como consecuencia de la llegada de gran cantidad de inmigrantes extranjeros en épocas de crecimiento, más tarde por los efectos del paro propiciados por la intensidad de la crisis económica. En este contexto, focalizamos la atención en la movilidad habitual de la población, y en particular en la movilidad por razón de trabajo, analizando los cambios producidos entre 2001 y 2011 en Barcelona y su área metropolitana.
El sistema de espacios públicos en un ámbito metropolitano complejo: El caso del Gran Santiago
Authors: Uri Colodro Gotthelf1; Jonathan , Cadierno Gutiérrez Jon
Published: March 2021

El presente trabajo pretende hacer una aproximación teórico-conceptual y cuantitativa a la situación de los espacios públicos en el Gran Santiago (Chile). En una primera parte, se define el espacio público urbano como una plataforma que permite el encuentro y la interacción social. Esta condición es especialmente necesaria en una ciudad históricamente segregada, lo cual ha derivado en una fuerte fragmentación social.En segundo lugar, se caracterizan cuantitativamente las distintas tipologías de espacios públicos existentes en el Gran Santiago, entendiéndolos en relación directa con las distintas escalas y jerarquías territoriales que se dan en una metrópolis conurbada y difusa.
Valores sintáctico-discursivos de las etiquetas en Twitter
Authors: Mancera Rueda Ana , Pano Alamán Ana
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo sobre el discurso político en la red de microblogging Twitter se presentan los resultados de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las propiedades sintácticas y discursivas de un corpus de etiquetas o hashtags contenidos en los tuits de diversos políticos españoles, publicados durante la campaña relativa a las elecciones al Parlamento Europeo de 2014. El estudio, basado en los supuestos de la lingüística del discurso, se centra en las relaciones que se establecen entre los rasgos gramaticales de la etiqueta, como su estructura, posición y función sintáctica, y los valores discursivos de la misma, entendidos como posibles indicadores de la intencionalidad del hablante y/o de su presencia en la enunciación, en el marco de la campaña electoral.