bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound with Methylene Blue for Detection of Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhou Tong-Tong , Yang Meng , Zhang Bo , Liu Jun
Published: February 2025

Aims/Background Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are an important prognostic factor for breast cancer patients, but traditional axillary lymph node dissection methods have many complications, while sentinel lymph node biopsy has been developed as a better method. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of combining contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) with methylene blue for identifying SLNs in early-stage breast cancer patients.

Methods This retrospective study included clinical data from 163 female patients with lymph node-negative and T1-2 early breast cancer admitted to China-Japan Friendship Hospital between August 2022 and November 2023. All patients received a periareolar injection of SonoVue followed by ultrasonography to identify SLNs. The methylene blue was used to detect SLNs during the surgery, and the patients underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy. We compared the methylene blue method with combined CEUS and methylene blue to identify the number of SLNs per patient. Furthermore, these two methods were compared to determine the number of SLNs and the number of SLNs positive in 34 SLNs positive patients.

Results This study included 163 patients with tumor (T)1-2 node (N)0-3 metastasis (M)0. The identification rate of SLNs was 100% for CEUS. We detected 376 SLNs using a combined CEUS and methylene blue method, with a median of 2 (1, 5). Furthermore, methylene blue identified 627 SLNs, with a median of 3 (1, 12). However, CEUS detected a significantly lower number of SLNs than those identified by methylene blue (p < 0.001). Additionally, metastasis frequency was substantially higher for the combined CEUS and methylene blue method (66.3%, 53/80) compared to methylene blue approach alone (39.5%, 58/147) (p < 0.001).

Conclusion Combining CEUS with methylene blue is expected to improve the accuracy of axillary staging in breast cancer patients while reducing surgical trauma and postoperative complications.
Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease vs. Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: Which Option is the Better Choice?
Authors: Gambardella Maria Luisa , Abenavoli Ludovico
Published: February 2025

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and is linked to metabolic syndrome components such as insulin resistance and obesity. In 2020, the term “metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)” was introduced, incorporating metabolic risk factors and including patients with other liver conditions. However, concerns about the term “fatty” led to the proposal of the term “metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)”, which refined diagnostic criteria but excluded patients with significant alcohol consumption or liver comorbidities. Although MASLD improves NAFLD in some respects, its exclusion of comorbid conditions may hinder comprehensive care for metabolic dysregulation. A proposed solution is “combinatorial MASLD”, which would better address patients with liver comorbidities. Further studies are necessary to determine the most appropriate nomenclature for clinical practice.
What is the Future of Diagnostics in Heart Failure?
Authors: McCoubrey Aimee , Campbell Ross T.
Published: February 2025

Heart failure (HF) is a common and malignant condition. Disease-modifying therapies are available, with early diagnosis being crucial as these therapies modify risk within weeks of commencement. A higher proportion of patients are now being diagnosed with HF during a hospital admission, rather than in the community, with an associated poorer prognosis. There is a need to reduce the time spent to diagnosis and treatment in the community. Advances in the diagnostic tools deployed in HF diagnostics, in particular the use of artificial intelligence, hold promise to deliver this.
The Role of Human Papillomavirus in Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancer: A Review Literature
Authors:   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Tangthikul Suthinard , Tachasuttirut Kathawut ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Pongsiriwet Surawut ,   Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Lekawanvijit Suree ,   Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kitkumthorn Nakarin ,   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Lapthanasupkul Puangwan ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Iamaroon Anak ,   Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: February 2025

Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are conditions with abnormal changes of the oral mucosa that can potentially transform into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Due to a rather high detection rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer particularly oropharyngeal carcinoma, HPV has been postulated as a plausible cause of OPMDs and OSCC development. A considerable number of studies have shown HPV can be detected in OSCC and OPMDs including oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP). The detection rate nevertheless varies depending on the study design, data collection, and detection method. One of the most common methods for HPV detection is a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of E6 gene. However, the detection of the E6 gene may only reflect a bystander effect where HPV could exist in human tissues without host’s genomic integration. Genomic integration of HPV could be detected by various means including analyses of mRNA or protein expression in tissues of interest or detection of E2 gene since recent data have shown that E2 gene is disrupted upon genomic integration of the virus. In this review, we elaborated the nature of OPMDs and OSCC and emphasize on HPV infection and integration in OPMDs since detection of HPV at the early stages of oral cancer development may lead to alternative preventive and treatment measures for patients.
Reaching for Epistemic Humility
Authors: Bryzzheva Lyudmila
Published: February 2025

Positionality matters. Muscle memories matter. This article traces the journey of a white Russian female scholar from voice, agency, and her ultimate reach toward epistemic humility. I take the reader through formative experiences as an emerging scholar in Soviet Russia and then as an academic researcher with significant epistemic privilege in the United States. My understanding of my scholarly voice grows from no legitimate voice to an inflicted collective voice, to hysterical individualism and then an internally dialogic voice.

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Concurrently, I reflect on my coming into agency through writing for publication and doing research while I grow into and out of elitism and a desire for domination, to embracing multiple centres of knowledge and an emerging new subjectivity. The through-line of this journey is my continuous reach for epistemic humility. As my new researcher subjectivity evolves, I aim to practice my agency in a sustainable collectivity.
Navigating Shifting Tides: South Korea and Northeast Asian Trade Integration
Authors: Koo Min Gyo
Published: February 2025

executive summary: This essay examines South Korea’s response to the volatile geopolitical and economic landscape in Northeast Asia, highlighting its multi-track free trade agreement (FTA) strategy and its economic statecraft amid the rising techno-hegemonic competition between its two largest trading partners: the U.S. and China. main argumentTwo major forces have shaped South Korea’s trade strategy in recent decades: the rise of preferential trade agreements and the intensifying U.S.-China techno-rivalry. Initially, South Korea adapted to globalization pressures by pursuing bilateral and minilateral FTAs, but it has lagged in capitalizing on mega-FTAs. Although South Korea joined the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) as a founding member, the agreement lacks the depth and breadth required for comprehensive trade liberalization compared to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Therefore, strengthening ties with Japan is essential, as Tokyo holds a critical veto over South Korea’s bid for CPTPP membership. Meanwhile, the rise of economic statecraft worldwide has tested South Korea’s “U.S. for security, China for economy” strategy, challenged by Beijing’s Made in China 2025 and Washington’s “America first” high-tech policies. Leading tech companies such as Samsung and SK Hynix are diversifying supply chains away from China to the U.S. To further benefit from the U.S.-led supply chain reorganization, South Korea must also improve relations with Japan, drawing lessons from the recent whitelist dispute over Japan’s critical material exports that contribute to South Korea’s high-tech products. policy implications• South Korea must intensify its efforts to join the CPTPP to navigate the turbulent geopolitical and economic landscape. Achieving this goal requires strengthening strategic and economic relations with Japan, as politically charged trade disputes, like the recent whitelist issue, benefit no one. • Amid rising uncertainties in the Chinese market, South Korea should further diversify away from China as both an export market and an import source. • Following the recent U.S. presidential election and the domestic political turmoil resulting from the short-lived martial law and subsequent impeachment processes, South Korea faces both challenges and opportunities in the U.S. market. It must navigate political uncertainties at home while exploring ways to benefit from U.S. reshoring policies and safeguarding its own industrial foundation.
Ravage the Country: Gendering Environmental Violence in the Revolutionary Hudson Valley
Authors: McGready Blake
Published: February 2025

Abstract: From 1776 to 1783, American revolutionaries and their opponents vied for control of the strategically indispensable Hudson River Valley to provision their armies and secure the loyalty of its politically divided inhabitants. Hudson Valley farming families complained frequently about the "ravages" of war and expressed anxieties that environmental violence harmed relationships with the land and altered gender dynamics. Women used ravaging accusations to claim their domestic spheres had been violated and demand protection from Patriot officials. Men deployed the language of ravaging to bemoan the ruin of their farmlands as attacks on their patriarchal identities. Patriot officials and publicists capitalized on these fears by crafting a multifaceted argument that linked practical worries about agricultural disruptions with an ideological defense of the "ravaged country." When accusing their enemies of ravaging, Patriot leaders and their constituents drew from popular environmental relationships to cast their enemies as despoilers of women and land.
The Long and Short of It: Rethinking the Longevity of Nineteenth-Century Periodicals
Authors: Stephens Matthew
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This essay argues that short-lived newspapers, often overlooked as the expected casualties of a developing industry, were actually a significant proportion of the nineteenth century’s press. It explores the methodological problem of how to gauge the shape of the nineteenth-century press, particularly in terms of relative longevity of publication, offering a critique of the sources and systems of knowledge that have moulded our conception of the industry. Analysing datasets drawn from nineteenth-, twentieth-, and twenty-first-century sources, this approach provides a fresh perspective that restores short-lived newspapers to greater prominence, suggesting an imbalance in historical research focused on longstanding newspapers.
The Other Besieged Residents: Dallas and Parkinson as Special Correspondents in Paris, 1870–71
Authors: Law Graham
Published: February 2025

Abstract: This article draws attention to the neglected journalistic careers of both E. S. Dallas and J. C. Parkinson, whose extensive unsigned writings for the weekly and daily press were reissued in book form only to a very limited extent. Using a wide range of evidence, it adds significantly to the list of articles attributed to them, in particular their contributions to the Daily News as special correspondents in Paris during the Franco-Prussian War and its aftermath. By contrasting the limited recognition of their pioneering work with that of Henry Labouchere, who promptly commodified his Daily News byline as the title of the bestselling volume Diary of the Besieged Resident in Paris (1871), this article reflects on the different modes of reprinting material from the press in volume form and confirms that Victorian periodicals still speak less loudly than books.
The Roots of RSVP: An Interview with Brian Maidment
Authors: Demoor Marysa
Published: February 2025

Abstract: The Roots of RSVP is an occasional series, initiated by Marysa Demoor in 2015, that explores pioneering contributions to periodical studies and the scholars who have helped shape the Research Society for Victorian Periodicals. In this instalment, Marysa interviews Brian Maidment, Professor of the History of Print, English, at Liverpool John Moores University.
Digital holographic characterization of multilayered structures by thermal scanning
Authors: Utadiya Subhash , Trivedi Vismay , Singh Vidhi , Sheoran Gyanendra , Cabrera Humberto , Srivastava Atul , Javidi Bahram , Anand Arun
Published: February 2025

Imaging hidden or occluded objects is crucial for their identification and characterization in various fields, including material science, biomedical imaging, and nondestructive testing. Digital holography, which provides both amplitude and phase information, is especially effective for detecting deformation in stressed samples. When combined with external stimuli, such as thermal stressing, it becomes a powerful tool for imaging, identifying, and characterizing hidden or occluded inhomogeneities within the investigated sample. In this work, we present a technique based on digital holography, coupled with axial thermal scanning for identification and localization of hidden layers in translucent samples. The method scans the sample volume along the axial direction using a moving heat source, creating a spatiotemporal refractive index distribution within the object. A Fourier transform digital holographic interferometer setup captures the changes in the probe beam interacting with this refractive index distribution as digital holograms. The phase distribution from numerically reconstructed digital holograms reveals information specific to the scanned region, leading to the imaging and localization of the inhomogeneities in the sample volume. These objects can then be characterized based on their thermo-optic properties. We demonstrate the proof of concept and present results for the detection of layers and subsurface structures within multilayered samples.
SCBMLD: a photon signal extraction method for ICESat-2 satellite-derived bathymetry
Authors: Li Ningning , Wang Mi , Yang Bo , Pan Jun , Pi Yingdong , Fan Zhongli
Published: February 2025

The integration of satellite remote sensing imagery with ICESat-2 photons offers an effective, economical, and large-scale approach for mapping shallow seabed topography. However, ICESat-2 photon data are vulnerable to noise from sea surface fluctuations, water quality, and instrument errors, which can compromise the accuracy of bathymetric products. To address this challenge, we propose a scale compression-based machine learning denoising (SCBMLD) method for accurate seafloor photon signal extraction from ICESat-2 data, enhancing bathymetry inversion in multispectral imagery. Results show that SCBMLD achieves an average accuracy improvement of 21%, and provides high-quality bathymetric data across diverse conditions while reducing the need for complex parameter tuning and lowering computational costs. Using this approach, reliable bathymetric products were generated for two study regions, with RMSE of 0.51 m and 1.09 m, meeting C-level zone of confidence requirements.
Electrically tunable Fano resonances in liquid crystal-based dynamic metasurface at telecommunication wavelengths
Authors: Chang Xin , Pivnenko Mike , Wu Weijie , Chu Daping
Published: February 2025

Dielectric metasurface has become a versatile platform for light manipulation. Due to its subwavelength feature size, the metasurface can induce optical resonances with tailored characteristics, such as Fano resonance with asymmetric line shape. Moreover, resonance tuning is desired in many devices, such as spatial light modulators and light sources. However, the electrically controlled Fano resonance in liquid crystal-based dynamic metasurface has not yet been fully explored. This work demonstrated tunable Fano resonance near 1550 nm in silicon metasurface that was immersed in liquid crystal. Although no additional alignment treatment was performed, the liquid crystal alignment provided entirely by metasurface was sufficient to induce a blue shift of more than 40 nm after applying a peak voltage of 10 V. A lower-frequency resonance with the origin of bound states in the continuum was also identified and verified through simulation. This work demonstrates the potential of liquid crystal-based dynamic metasurface for resonance tuning, paving the way for more advanced dynamic resonance engineering.
Rigorous vector-diffraction-based spectral signal model for thickness measurement in chromatic confocal microscopy
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Wu Biwei , Cai Yuxiang , Liu Kexin , Wang Weibo
Published: February 2025

Chromatic confocal microscopy (CCM) has been widely applied in materials science and mechanical manufacturing, owing to its excellent capability for precise displacement and thickness measurements. An accurate spectral signal model is essential for CCM to enhance the measurement performance. However, the conventional model based on geometric ray tracing often yields measured thicknesses that deviate from actual values. This discrepancy arises due to the refraction of light when it transitions from air into high-density media, causing the foci of incident light with varying aperture angles to be spatially dispersed along the optical axis. In this study, we propose a vector-diffraction-based spectral signal model that fully accounts for the reflectance, transmittance at layered media and phase differences of incident light rays at all aperture angles by using the vectorial diffraction method. Through the newly proposed model, the distribution form and peak positions of spectral signals can be precisely described. According to the simulation results, a more accurate thickness calculation model is provided. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model significantly enhances measurement accuracy compared to existing model, with the measurement error reduced from 38 μm to 1 μm when measuring a transparent plate with a thickness value of 1.035 mm, demonstrating improved reliability and consistency across diverse sample conditions.
Wavelength-versatile Laguerre-Gaussian mode source based on Pr3+: WPFG fiber laser
Authors: Yoneda Yuto , Allam Srinivasa Rao , Fujimoto Yasushi , Omatsu Takashige
Published: February 2025

We report the direct generation of wavelength-versatile Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes with positive and negative topological charge at cyan (490 nm), green (523 nm), orange (605 nm), red (637 nm), and deep red (697 nm) wavelengths from a diode pumped Pr3+-doped water-proof fluoro-aluminate glass (Pr3+: WPFG) fiber laser. Key to effective wavelength selection and optimization was the inclusion and axial displacement of an intra-cavity lens which induces strong chromatic aberration. We anticipate that this ultra-compact, visible LG mode fiber laser source will facilitate new methodologies and techniques in super-resolution fluorescent microscopy and laser nano/micro-fabrication.
Above 45 W thermal lens compensated acousto-optically Q-switched Tm:YAP laser
Authors: Huang Haizhou , Li Nan , Weng Wen , Chen Huaixi , Shi Fei , Liu Huagang , Zhang Xianzeng , Lin Wenxiong
Published: February 2025

We demonstrate a high-power Q-switched 2 μm laser with a thermal lens compensated cavity to address severe thermal lens of the Tm:YAP crystal. Robustness of the cavity design, exhibiting long thermal stable region and a broad tolerance to deviations in cavity length is verified by linear power curves at various pulse repetition frequencies in the acousto-optically Q-switching scheme, where maximum average output power of 45.8 W at 1937nm, with a pulse duration of 64 ns is obtained at a pulse repetition frequency of 20 kHz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the maximum nanosecond Q-switched laser power of solid-state Tm lasers, which provides an effective pathway to achieve high-power Q-switching in quasi three-level Er, Tm, or Yb lasers and facilitates the scenarios such as lidar, surgeries and polymer processing that require an accessible high-repetition-frequency pulsed 2 μm laser source.
Spectroscopy and laser operation of Er3+ doped YxSc1-xO3 sesquioxide crystals at 2.8 µm
Authors: Hou Wentao , Tang Jun , Zhang Fan , Xu Jun
Published: February 2025

Growth, spectroscopy, and laser experiments of the Er:YxSc1-xO3 crystals at 2.8 µm are presented. The high-quality Er:YxSc1-xO3 crystals were grown by the optical floating zone method. We reveal the structural disorder of Er:YScO3 crystal and the thermal conductivities of as-grown crystals for different temperatures. The absorption spectra, emission spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, and gain spectra were investigated. The Er:YScO3 crystal features broader absorption bandwidth induced by disordered crystal structure with an absorption cross section σabs of 3.2 × 10−21 cm2 at 981 nm and a maximum emission cross-section σem of 1.34 × 10−20 cm2 at 2714 nm. The Er:Y2O3 has the larger spectral quality factor of 3.25 × 10−20 ms·cm2 and higher thermal conductivity among as-grown crystals illustrating great potential for high-power laser output at 2.8 µm. Under an absorbed pump power of 9.77 W, a maximum laser output power of 972 mW with a slope efficiency of 10.4% in Er:Y2O3 crystal was obtained.
Generation of a 33.9 nJ, 91 fs pulse at 920 nm from an Nd-doped fiber laser
Authors: Sun He , Li Ti-Jian , Liu Meng , Lin Zhe-Xi , Luo Ai-Ping , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Zhi-Chao
Published: February 2025

High-energy, sub-100 fs pulses at 920 nm have significant applications in various scientific fields. Compared to the Ti-sapphire laser and nonlinear frequency conversion of ultrafast fiber lasers at other wavelengths, the direct generation of a 920 nm femtosecond pulse using an Nd-doped fiber laser offers a more effective approach. In this study, an all-polarization-maintaining (PM) Nd-doped fiber laser system is developed. Through precise optimization of the system parameters, including the pre-chirp group-delay dispersion (GDD) and pump powers of the two-stage amplifiers, an average output power of 2.07 W is achieved. The pulse can be compressed to 91 fs by using a grating pair. The compressed pulse has an average output power of 1.52 W, corresponding to a pulse energy of 33.9 nJ. The proposed system demonstrated excellent power stability over 10 hours. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the highest pulse energy for sub-100 fs pulse at 920 nm directly generated from an Nd-doped fiber laser system, providing a reliable laser source for practical applications.
Design and analysis of argon-filled broadband echelle grating spectrometer based on computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Shen Chunyang , Ji Yanju , Cui Jicheng , Zhu Jiwei
Published: February 2025

This paper proposes a scheme for an argon gas-filled broadband echelle grating spectrometer (EGS) that can cover the far ultraviolet (FUV) bands. Using a combination of fluid analysis and spectral analysis, the paper analyzes the impact of the argon-filling on the spectrometer systematically. The optimal structure for fluid uniformity in the spectrometer is confirmed by simulating and optimizing the spectrometer's gas inlet and outlet positions. The simulation results show that the spectrometer is filled with argon after 95 s, and the lateral position of the echelle grating’s specular seat and side wall behind the entrance hole are weak links in the system structure. In the steady state, the medium density in the main light path reaches 4.093 kg/m3, and the medium’s refractive index becomes 1.000646, which leads to an obvious deflection for light passing through the echelle grating and the prism. Experimental validation shows that the argon-filled broadband EGS can achieve spectral measurement from the FUV to the near-infrared (NIR) bands. After the argon filling is stabilized, the imaging position in prism dispersion direction is shifted by an average of 7.1 pixels, and in grating diffraction direction is shifted by an average of 3.0 pixels, which affects the imaging position of the optical system and the accuracy of the subsequent spectral reduction. In the future, based on the content of this study, a spectral reduction model combined with the refractive index change of the medium will be established to analyze and compensate the errors caused by argon filling, so as to improve the accuracy of the spectrometer.
Miniature and low-power high-precision FBG interrogator with self-temperature compensation
Authors: Lv Zheng , Zhu Bofei , Lu Lidan , Yuan Pei , Lou Xiaoping , Dong Mingli , Zhu Lianqing
Published: February 2025

A compact fiber Bragg grating (FBG) interrogator, integrating an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) chip, photodiode (PD) array, and demodulation circuits within an 85 × 60 × 40 mm3 volume, has been designed and fabricated. Utilizing what we believe to be a novel three-point demodulation technique, precise center wavelength demodulation is achieved. The conventional thermoelectric cooler (TEC) is supplanted by a look-up table (LUT) in conjunction with interpolation for temperature compensation. Experimental validation confirms the interrogator's wavelength demodulation stability at 0.55 pm and resolution of 1.65 pm. Under ideal conditions, the absolute wavelength demodulation accuracy reaches 2.7 pm. Over an operating temperature range of 10 °C to 60 °C, the absolute wavelength demodulation accuracy is enhanced to within 21.5 pm, representing a nearly 19-fold improvement compared to uncompensated performance. This interrogator, characterized by its diminutive size, low power consumption, high accuracy, and adaptability to varying operating temperatures, holds significant potential for widespread application in FBG sensing domains.
Micro-transfer-printed short-wave infrared InP-on-silicon tunable laser
Authors: Guo Xin , Soltanian Emadreza , Zhang Jing , Qin Senbiao , Vaissière Nicolas , Néel Delphine , Ramirez Joan , Decobert Jean , Uvin Sarah , Roelkens Gunther
Published: February 2025

We report an indium phosphide (InP)-on-silicon laser operating at short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths, realized using micro-transfer printing (μTP) technology. Through thermal tuning of the integrated micro-ring resonators, the device is tunable from 1643 nm to 1707 nm, with mW-level output power at room temperature for a drive current of 100 mA on an amplifier. The laser cavities are fabricated on 200 mm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, featuring a 220 nm thick silicon device layer.
Polarization-sensitive, self-powered photodetector based on a SnO2/MoS2 van der Waals heterojunction
Authors: Xu Tong , Wei Yun , Tang Kai , Sha Shulin , Wan Peng , Shi Daning , Jiang Mingming
Published: February 2025

Polarization-sensitive ultraviolet photodetectors have a wide range of applications in remote sensing, analytical imaging, information encryption, and anti-counterfeiting. Herein, one-dimensional tin dioxide (SnO2) single crystals by using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method are reported. The high in-plane anisotropic structure, phonon vibrations, and refractive index of the SnO2 crystals are experimentally elucidated. Based on CVD-grown SnO2 single crystals, a mixed-dimensional SnO2/MoS2 van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructure is proposed to realize a polarization-sensitive self-powered ultraviolet photodetector. Owing to the high-quality vdWs heterojunction, the device exhibits pronounced photovoltaic performances. Significantly, the anisotropy ratio of SnO2/MoS2 devices can be as high as 4.2 compared to 1.7 for pure SnO2 devices. The high-resolution polarization imaging capability of the vdWs device was further demonstrated. Moreover, the polarized image maintains an anisotropy ratio of about 4.0 and has an excellent stability under long-term operating conditions without degradation. Our work provides a strategy for fabricating a low-dimensional SnO2-based vdWs heterostructure for high-performance polarization-sensitive ultraviolet detection.
Analytic methods in electron energy-loss and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy of planar and spherical nanostructures: tutorial
Authors: STAMATOPOULOU P. Elli , Maciel-Escudero Carlos , Tserkezis Christos , Rockstuhl Carsten , Mortensen Asger
Published: February 2025

In recent years, fast electrons have emerged as ideal probes for exploring the optical properties of nanoscale matter with sub-meV energy resolution and atomic-scale spatial resolution. Considering the remarkable progress in cathodoluminescence (CL) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), robust theoretical tools are needed to interpret the plethora of experimental data and provide insight into the properties of matter and its interaction with fast electrons. This tutorial offers a comprehensive overview of analytical methods for simulating CL and EEL spectra of spherical nanoparticles and planar slabs composed of arbitrary isotropic materials. We demonstrate the applicability of these methods to analyze the optical modes sustained in metallic and dielectric nanocavities and explore the underlying physical mechanisms driving the optical response of these systems.
ENQUIRE automatically reconstructs, expands, and drives enrichment analysis of gene and Mesh co-occurrence networks from context-specific biomedical literature
Authors: Musella Luca , Afonso Castro Alejandro , Lai Xin , Widmann Max , Vera Julio
Published: February 2025

The accelerating growth of scientific literature overwhelms our capacity to manually distil complex phenomena like molecular networks linked to diseases. Moreover, biases in biomedical research and database annotation limit our interpretation of facts and generation of hypotheses. ENQUIRE (Expanding Networks by Querying Unexpectedly Inter-Related Entities) offers a time- and resource-efficient alternative to manual literature curation and database mining. ENQUIRE reconstructs and expands co-occurrence networks of genes and biomedical ontologies from user-selected input corpora and network-inferred PubMed queries. Its modest resource usage and the integration of text mining, automatic querying, and network-based statistics mitigating literature biases makes ENQUIRE unique in its broad-scope applications. For example, ENQUIRE can generate co-occurrence gene networks that reflect high-confidence, functional networks. When tested on case studies spanning cancer, cell differentiation, and immunity, ENQUIRE identified interlinked genes and enriched pathways unique to each topic, thereby preserving their underlying context specificity. ENQUIRE supports biomedical researchers by easing literature annotation, boosting hypothesis formulation, and facilitating the identification of molecular targets for subsequent experimentation.
Spatio-temporal distribution of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Western Amhara region from January 2018 to June 2023
Authors: Demil Endeshaw , Tadesse Belege
Published: February 2025

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious and economically important viral disease of cloven hoofed animals caused by FMD virus. This retrospective study was conducted to determine the spatio-temporal distribution, estimate the morbidity and case fatality of FMD outbreaks in Western Amhara region of Ethiopia from January 2018 to June 2023. The FMD outbreaks reported to Bahir Dar regional laboratory and confirmed by Sandwich ELISA were used for this study. A total of 164 FMD outbreaks were reported in Western Amhara region of Ethiopia between 2018 and 2023. The highest and lowest number of FMD outbreaks were reported in 2022 (n = 42 outbreaks) and 2018 (n = 9), respectively; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of FMD outbreaks between years (p = 0.224). There was no significant difference in case fatality and morbidity rates between years (p> 0.05). Based on months, high number of outbreaks were reported during January (n = 32) across all years and the lowest during April, June and September (n = 3 for each district). There was statistically significant difference in the occurrence of FMD outbreaks between months (p < 0.001). On average, 13.66 FMD outbreaks were reported in each month. All administrative zones in Western Amhara region reported more than one FMD outbreaks during January 2018 –June 2023. The highest and lowest outbreaks were reported from East Gojjam Zone (62 outbreaks/6 district years), and Bahirdar Special Zone and Gondar Town (2 outbreaks for each district). There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of FMD outbreaks between the administrative zones (p > 0.05). District wise, the highest and lowest number of FMD outbreaks were reported from Goncha Siso district (n = 14) and Banja, Simada, Zigem, Machakel, Debre Elias and Debark (with one outbreak in each district). This study indicated that FMD outbreaks regular occurs in Western Amhara region. To reduce the occurrence and spreading, animal movement and transport should be controlled, and vaccination should be implemented regularly.
Drosophila Topoisomerase 3β binds to mRNAs in vivo, contributes to their localization and stability, and counteracts premature aging
Authors: Teimuri Shohreh , Suter Beat
Published: February 2025

Topoisomerase 3β (Top3β) works not only on DNA but also on RNA. We isolated and identified the naturally cross-linked RNA targets of Drosophila Top3β from an early embryonic stage that contains almost exclusively maternal mRNAs. Favorite targets were long RNAs, particularly with long 3’UTRs, and RNAs that become localized in large cells. Top3β lacking only the hydroxyl group that makes the covalent bond to the RNA, did not allow normal expression and localization of Top3β mRNA targets or their protein products, demonstrating the importance of the enzymatic activity of Top3 β for optimized gene expression. Top3β is not essential for development to the adult stage but to maintain the morphology of the adult neuromuscular junction and to prevent premature loss of coordinated movement and aging. Alterations in human Top3β have been associated with several neurological diseases and cancers. The homologs of genes and (pre)mRNAs mis-expressed in these conditions show the same characteristics identified in the Drosophila Top3β targets, suggesting that Drosophila could model human Top3β. An in vivo test of this model showed that the enzymatic activity of Top3β reduces the neurodegeneration caused by the cytotoxic human (G4C2)49 RNA. Top3β supports normal gene expression, particularly of long and complex transcripts that must be transported and translationally controlled. These RNAs encode large cytoskeletal, cortical, and membrane proteins that are particularly important in large and long cells like motoneurons. Their reduced expression in the mutant seems to stress the cells, increasing the chances of developing neurodegenerative diseases.
Environmental impact and phenotypic stability in potato clones resistant to late blight Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary, resilient to climate change in Peru
Authors: Gastelo Manuel , Bastos Carolina , Ortiz Rodomiro , Blas Raúl
Published: February 2025

Potato is one of the three most important foods in the world’s diet and is staple in the Peruvian highlands. This crop is affected by late blight, a disease that if not controlled in time can decimate production. The oomycete (Phytophthora infestans) causing this disease is controlled using fungicides, which affect the environment and human health, another form of control is the use of resistant cultivars. 30 potato clones from the LBHTC2 population were evaluated, with the objective of selecting clones with high levels of resistance to this disease, stable for tuber yield, low environmental impact and high economic profitability. The clones were planted in three field experiments in the 2021–2022 growing season. Two experiments with and without late blight chemical control in Oxapampa and Huánuco and one experiment under normal conditions of a potato crop in El Mantaro, Junin, using randomized complete blocks with three replications. The cultivars Yungay, Amarilis and Kory were used as controls for late blight resistance and tuber yield. Late blight resistance and environmental impact were determined based on experiments with and without control in Huánuco and Oxapampa. Yield stability and economic profitability were evaluated based on information from the three experiments. Clones CIP316375.102, CIP316361.187, CIP316367.117, CIP316356.149, CIP316367.147 were the ones that presented the highest yields, high Late blight resistance, phenotypically stable for tuber yield, with low environmental impact and high economic profitability, superior to control cultivars. These clones have high potential for sustainable production systems that allow reducing environmental impact, increasing economic profitability and improving producers’ living standards.
Ecological momentary assessment of physical and eating behaviours: The WEALTH feasibility and optimisation study with recommendations for large-scale data collection
Authors: Janek Michael , Kuhnova Jitka , Cardon Greet , Van Dyck Delfien , Cimler Richard , Elavsky Steriani , Fezeu Leopold K. , Oppert Jean-Michel , Buck Christoph , Hebestreit Antje , Harrington Janas , Sigcha Luis , Van de Ven Pepijn , Donnelly Alan , Vetrovsky Tomas ,   on behalf of the WEALTH consortium
Published: February 2025

Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) enables the real-time capture of health-related behaviours, their situational contexts, and associated subjective experiences. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of an EMA targeting physical and eating behaviours, optimise its protocol, and provide recommendations for future large-scale EMA data collections. The study involved 52 participants (age 31±9 years, 56% females) from Czechia, France, Germany, and Ireland completing a 9-day free-living EMA protocol using the HealthReact platform connected to a Fitbit tracker. The EMA protocol included time-based (7/day), event-based (up to 10/day), and self-initiated surveys, each containing 8 to 17 items assessing physical and eating behaviours and related contextual factors such as affective states, location, and company. Qualitative insights were gathered from post-EMA feedback interviews. Compliance was low (median 49%), particularly for event-based surveys (median 34%), and declined over time. Many participants were unable or unwilling to complete surveys in certain contexts (e.g., when with family), faced interference with their daily schedules, and encountered occasional technical issues, suggesting the need for thorough initial training, an individualised protocol, and systematic compliance monitoring. The number of event-based surveys was less than desired for the study, with a median of 2.4/day for sedentary events, when 4 were targeted, and 0.9/day for walking events, when 3 were targeted. Conducting simulations using participants’ Fitbit data allowed for optimising the triggering rules, achieving the desired median number of sedentary and walking surveys (3.9/day for both) in similar populations. Self-initiated reports of meals and drinks yielded more reports than those prompted in time-based and event-based EMA surveys, suggesting that self-initiated surveys might better reflect actual eating behaviours. This study highlights the importance of assessing feasibility and optimising EMA protocols to enhance subsequent compliance and data quality. Conducting pre-tests to refine protocols and procedures, including simulations using participants’ activity data for optimal event-based triggering rules, is crucial for successful large-scale data collection in EMA studies of physical and eating behaviours.
Bioactivity assessment of peptides derived from salted jellyfish (Rhopilema hispidum) byproducts
Authors: Muangrod Pratchaya , Charoenchokpanich Wiriya , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Rungsardthong Vilai , Charoenlappanit Sawanya , Wonganu Benjamaporn , Tabtimmai Lueacha , Chamsodsai Phumin , Casanova Federico , Thumthanaruk Benjawan
Published: February 2025

The identification of multifunctional peptides derived from marine byproducts represents a significant challenge in the field. In Thailand, the fisheries industry exports salted jellyfish, which results in low-value byproducts primarily employed for animal feed. Previous studies have indicated the bioactivities of jellyfish protein hydrolysates from Lobonema smitthii; however, the multifunctional properties of Rhopilema hispidum remain largely unexplored. This research aimed to characterize synthetic bioactive peptides sourced from the byproducts of salted jellyfish (R. hispidum), with a specific emphasis on their antioxidant, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory activities. The hydrolysate obtained from the umbrella portion, subjected to pepsin treatment at a 3:20 enzyme-to-substrate ratio for 48 h at 37 °C, demonstrated the highest levels of antioxidant activity (DPPH =  1.85 ± 0.05 mM TE/mg protein, ABTS =  7.28 ± 0.03 mM TE/mg protein, FRAP =  3.04 ± 0.12 mM FeSO4/mg protein). Following purification, 18 novel peptides exhibiting high antioxidant scores (FRS+CHEL >  0.48) were identified and synthesized. Notably, the peptide MVVACVLPEA exhibited significant antioxidant (DPPH =  56.07 mM TE/mg protein), ACE inhibitory (91.69%), and anti-inflammatory activities (NO release =  34.59 µ M) without cytotoxic effects, although it is important to note that two other peptides did demonstrate cytotoxicity. This investigation reports a total of 16 synthesized peptides that possess triple functional activities—antioxidant, ACE inhibitory, and anti-inflammatory—without cytotoxicity, thus highlighting their potential applications in health-related fields.
Entre la creatividad y el recuerdo: el espacio de juego en el arte de instalación de Carsten Höller y Gelitin
Authors: Gómez Chozas Javier , Cejudo Mejías Vanesa , Franco Díaz Arturo
Published: February 2025

El presente artículo compara dos fórmulas de inserción del juego infantil en la institución artística, tomando como punto de partida la obra seminal más relevante de este tipo, la instalación El Modelo del artista danés Palle Nielsen, que fue expuesta en el Moderna Museet de Estocolmo en 1968. Dicha instalación, que se presentó de nuevo en 2014 en el museo danés Arken, consistía en la creación de un parque infantil dentro de un museo y fue pionera en la reflexión acerca de la importancia del juego infantil para la construcción de la perspectiva del mundo adulto. El artículo desarrolla otros estudios, que constatan la demanda cada vez mayor, de experiencias por parte del público, incorporando el estudio comparativo de dos fórmulas a través de las que se ha presentado habitualmente el juego infantil en las instituciones artísticas desde 1968. Tomando como ejemplo las obras Test Site (2006), del artista alemán Carsten Höller, y Human Elevator (1999-2016), del colectivo austríaco Gelitin, se comparan las obras para llegar a diversas conclusiones acerca de la inserción del juego infantil en la programación de exposiciones en las instituciones artísticas. La conclusión principal del artículo es que cada una de las fórmulas despliega una estrategia espacial específica que atiende a políticas institucionales con fines y consecuencias diferentes. De entre ambas opciones, las obras de Gelitin derivan de una lectura creativa del juego infantil, que en combinación con las experie ncias sensoriales propuestas en sus obras, se acercan más al propósito social y político de la obra de Nielsen.
Reseña de libro: Carles Crosas, Álvaro Clua, Inés Aquilué y Melisa Pesoa (coor.) (2023), Enseñar Urbanismo. Apuntes y experiencias
Authors: Costa João Pedro
Published: February 2025

Reseña del libro: Carles Crosas, Álvaro Clua, Inés Aquilué y Melisa Pesoa (coords.), Enseñar urbanismo: apuntes y experiencias, Recolectores Urbanos, 2023, 280 pp., ISBN: 978-84-123141-8-2.
La credibilidad en tela de juicio. Sesgos y estereotipos en el proceso de petición de asilo por motivos de orientación sexual o identidad de género en España
Authors: Extremo Martín Celia
Published: February 2025

La valoración de las solicitudes en los procedimientos de petición de asilo por motivos de orientación sexual o identidad de género en España ha sido sometida a diversas críticas. Se ha señalado que existe cierta discrecionalidad a la hora de determinar la credibilidad del relato de las personas solicitantes, posibilitando que las decisiones sobre la concesión del asilo estén mediadas por una serie de sesgos y estereotipos. El presente trabajo sintetiza los principales ejes que vertebran la discusión en torno a la valoración de las solicitudes. Tras ello, analiza las sentencias de denegación de asilo de la Audiencia Nacional del año 2022 con el objetivo de contrastar hasta qué punto los sesgos y estereotipos presentes en la literatura previa están vigentes en el sistema de asilo español. Los resultados señalan la persistencia de muchos de estos sesgos y estereotipos, pero también la de otros que no habían sido abordados anteriormente.
Reurbanization and Spatially Polarized Land Markets – An Analysis of Urban Land-Value Changes in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 2012–2024
Authors: Siedentop Stefan , Schartmann Maximilian
Published: February 2025

In recent years, land prices in Germany have skyrocketed to levels that were hardly thought possible. This has particularly affected prospering cities, where price increases of more than 100 % have often been recorded since the turn of the millennium. The underlying causes are highly controversial. While some scholars point to the scarcity of developable land due to regulatory restrictions, others see the “financialization” of housing markets in the wake of the financial crisis and the massive influx of liquid capital into land and housing markets as the decisive driver. Against this background, this paper investigates the spatial patterns of land price dynamics in North Rhine-Westphalia during a phase of strong demographic and economic reurbanization. We used disaggregated data from the BORIS system for the years 2012 to 2024, which is available state-wide and georeferenced. Our empirical findings point to a significant trend of market polarization, with excessive growth rates in prospering metropolitan areas and real value losses in some rural areas. Overall, the paper offers new insights into the spatial patterns of urban land markets and possible driving factors explaining uneven developments.
„I czy w ogóle warto pamiętać?”. Recepcja przedwojennej lewicowej krytyki literackiej w Polsce jako produkcja niewiedzy
Authors: Żurek Łukasz
Published: February 2025

Artykuł omawia recepcję przedwojennej lewicowej krytyki literackiej w Polsce z perspektywy pojęcia „produkcji niewiedzy”, inspirowanego agnotologią (socjologią niewiedzy). Autor skupia się na związkach powojennej recepcji z bieżącą polityką kulturalną nowych władz, zauważa luki, przemilczenia i pominięcia w najważniejszych pracach dotyczących lewicowej krytyki oraz zastanawia się nad tym, jak określone sposoby prowadzenia narracji historycznej (re)produkują niewiedzę na temat wspomnianego wycinka przedwojennego życia literackiego.