bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supply chain collaboration in performance-based contracting: an empirical study
Authors: Uvet Hasan , Celik Hasan , Cevikparmak Sedat , Adana Saban
Published: April 2020

Purpose

Despite the significant increase in the adoption of performance-based contracting (PBC) in various industries, the primary value drivers of it are still not clear. Considering a lack of empirical evidence for PBC, this study investigates the effects of collaboration between the suppliers to understand the value offerings created in PBC by empirical findings. The purpose of this paper is to examine how supply chain collaboration (SCC) affects PBC benefits.

Design/methodology/approach

Using data from 381 survey participants who hold the title of manager or above, hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The results reveal that a strong and positive relationship between SCC and PBC benefits.

Research limitations/implications

One of the limitations of this research is the collection of data through the Amazon Mechanical Turk online service. The experience level of participants in PBC and the absence of validation of these scale items by industrial experts are other limitations of this study. Nonetheless, the authors found convincing evidence that SCC has a positive effect on PBC benefits.

Practical implications

The findings highlight the importance of SCC to increase financial, operational and non-financial benefits of PBC for practitioners. The findings offer guidance for managers aiming to increase PBC benefits through SCC.

Originality/value

This is the first study to empirically examine the impact of SCC for better PBC and contributes to the body of knowledge by providing empirical findings in a PBC context. This research also develops valid and reliable instruments to measure PBC benefits through rigorous empirical and statistical analysis that can be used in future studies.
Exploring a mobile phone user's attitude toward watching TV content on a mobile phone – uses and gratifications perspective
Authors: Shin Soo Il , Kim J.B. , Han Sumin , Lee Sangmi
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting mobile phone users' attitude toward watching TV content on a mobile device. Under the uses and gratifications theory, the current study examined attitude toward watching TV content on a mobile phone, with antecedents of affinities for both watching TV content and a mobile phone use.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study adopted a construct of relative advantage as a mediator between affinities and attitude, and four moderators that affect the relationship between relative advantage and attitude. The study then analyzed 430 survey responses from public mobile phone users with a generalized linear model.

Findings

Research findings reveal that both affinities are significantly associated with the relative advantage of watching TV content on a mobile phone. Relative advantage plays a salient role in explaining attitudes toward watching TV content on a mobile phone. The relationship between attitude and relative advantage was significantly affected by relaxation, fashion status and accessibility.

Originality/value

This study contributes to media literature, especially where new, applied technology is considered. Particularly, the current research theoretically explains rationale behind a mobile phone user's positive attitude toward watching TV content on a mobile phone, and potential implication of the current and increasing trend of broadcasting individual content through social media outlets.
The nexus of agricultural exports and performance in Malaysia: a dynamic panel data approach
Authors: Reaz Md. , Bowyer Dorothea , Vitale Connie , Mahi Masnun , Dahir Ahmed Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The paper examines the nexus between agricultural exports and the performance of agricultural firms in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach

The dynamic linkage is tested by using system GMM models and the period ranges from 2002 to 2016.

Findings

The results indicate that agricultural exports affect performance positively. However, agricultural raw materials have no significant impact on performance.

Research limitations/implications

The agricultural exports in relation to sectoral performance needs to be considered in the future.

Practical implications

The findings are important for policymakers to formulate policies that promote the agricultural sector. To put it differently, the policies may encourage investments in this sector. Also, the findings have substantial academic implications, bridging the gap between theory and empirical literature in the agricultural sector.

Originality/value

This work highlights the agricultural exports and their impacts on a firm's performance.
Getting the cues of elder abuse: an identification through dependency and modernization
Authors: Bajpai Naval , Kulshreshtha Kushagra , Dubey Prince , Sharma Gunjan
Published: April 2020

Purpose

In the present era of modernization, the social group members interact with each other with selfish and unselfish intents. However, the unselfish means and ends build a long term relationship among people. On the other hand, selfish ends bud out unethical means such as abuses, violence and fights. The situation becomes tough when the same becomes evident among the family relationship and as a consequence the elderly are being treated unfairly. Out of such cases, some are reported and the majority of them remain unreported, which eventually becomes the cause of concern for the social welfare agencies. Thus, this paper aims to examine the elder abuse (EA) tendency in metro, non-metro and religious cities.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, a mixed-method approach is used to develop survey instruments, validate findings using qualitative and quantitative data sources for better generalization of results. The present study explored and confirmed the related factors using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis for the establishment of a valid scale of EA. Further, the difference of perceptions among the elders for abuse across the metro, non-metro and religious cities was statistically checked using the ANOVA and post hoc techniques.

Findings

The present study identified the traces of EA and created a comprehensive understanding of it. The present study manifests the prevailing practices of EA in society by discussing the demerits of dependency and modernization. Moreover, the present study assesses the pervasiveness and the repercussion of dependency and the impact of modernization on EA followed by a discussion on how the victim elders may handle the situation. In the present study, a scale is developed to identify EA because of the dependency of the elderly and the modernization of society.

Originality/value

Some exclaiming thoughts such as the dependency of elders elevate the chances of EA on one side, while modernization of society hampers the social/family bonding leading to EA. The inconsistent development across the region has created modernization as a significant factor for EA. The level and depth of modernization across locations such as metro, non-metro and religious cities are the cause for varying degrees of EA. Based on the literature review, the present study has sensed the presence of EA in society at large by developing a scale for the aforesaid purpose.
How to use language agents for knowledge transfer? Evidence from translators and multinational organizations in Korea
Authors: Yoo Taeyoung
Published: April 2020

Purpose

For knowledge transfer in multinational organizations, knowledge management studies draw on diverse practices, such as employees’ language proficiency or environments, such as cultural contexts, but pay little attention to the practical role of external agents, i.e. translators. The purpose of this study is to analyze how translators facilitate knowledge transfer, using their professional identity in relation to employees’ cultural competence and organizations’ Human Resource Management (HRM) practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines survey data on 182 translators and 206 HRM managers who work in multinational organizations. Regarding common method bias, comparing people with different views and inclusion of control variables collected from archival sources will help the empirical results to be robust.

Findings

This study finds that translators’ business-oriented professional identities complement employees’ cultural competence and eventually promote knowledge transfer. Furthermore, translators’ business-oriented professional identities are enhanced by organizations’ commitment-based HRM practices.

Originality/value

This study expands knowledge management studies by incorporating external agents into the analysis of knowledge transfer. Particularly for the language approach in knowledge management, the framework of this study sheds light on the critical dimension of translators’ professional identity for organizational goals. Practically, this study suggests that multinational organizations should design commitment-based HRM practices to motivate translators’ business-oriented identity for knowledge transfer.
The balanced scorecard for school management: case study of Thai public schools
Authors: Rompho Nopadol
Published: April 2020

Purpose

This study aims to develop and empirically test the balanced scorecard for public schools in Thailand.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from 3,351 public schools in Thailand. Structural equation modelling was used as a statistical tool to analyse the data.

Findings

The results showed that there are cause-and-effect relationships between students, internal processes and learning and growth perspectives in the balanced scorecard. Nevertheless, a relationship with the resources perspective was not found.

Research limitations/implications

The sampled schools in this study might be different from normal public schools because these schools get some support from the private sector. Thus, the generalisation of the findings should be made with caution.

Practical implications

The proposed balanced scorecard model that has been empirically tested in this study can be used in public schools to help manage their organisation. These schools can start with a generic model and modify it to suit their organisation.

Originality/value

Most of the studies on the application of the balanced scorecard for schools did not test the validity of the framework because of the lack of available data. This study was among the first to empirically test the relationships between perspectives in the balanced scorecard model for public schools. Additionally, the balanced scorecard can be a useful tool for non-managers who work in public schools.
MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor with patterned thinning of diaphragm
Authors: Kordrostami Zoheir , Hassanli Kourosh , Akbarian Amir
Published: April 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to find a new design that can increase the sensitivity of the sensor without sacrificing the linearity. A novel and very efficient method for increasing the sensitivity of MEMS pressure sensor has been proposed for the first time. Rather than perforation, we propose patterned thinning of the diaphragm so that specific regions on it are thinner. This method allows the diaphragm to deflect more in response with regard to the pressure. The best excavation depth has been calculated and a pressure sensor with an optimal pattern for thinned regions has been designed. Compared to the perforated diaphragm with the same pattern, larger output voltage is achieved for the proposed sensor. Unlike the perforations that have to be near the edges of the diaphragm, it is possible for the thin regions to be placed around the center of the diaphragm. This significantly increases the sensitivity of the sensor. In our designation, we have reached a 60 per cent thinning (of the diaphragm area) while perforations larger than 40 per cent degrade the operation of the sensor. The proposed method is applicable to other MEMS sensors and actuators and improves their ultimate performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Instead of perforating the diaphragm, we propose a patterned thinning scheme which improves the sensor performance.

Findings

By using thinned regions on the diaphragm rather than perforations, the sensitivity of the sensor was improved. The simulation results show that the proposed design provides larger membrane deflections and higher output voltages compared to the pressure sensors with a normal or perforated diaphragm.

Originality/value

The proposed MEMS piezoelectric pressure sensor for the first time takes advantage of thinned diaphragm with optimum pattern of thinned regions, larger outputs and larger sensitivity compared with the simple or perforated diaphragm pressure sensors.
Understanding event‐related potentials (ERPs) in clinical and basic language and communication disorders research: a tutorial
Authors: McWeeny Sean , Norton Elizabeth S.
Published: April 2020

Background

Event‐related potentials (ERPs), which are electrophysiological neural responses time‐locked to a stimulus, have become an increasingly common tool in language and communication disorders research. They can provide complementary evidence to behavioural measures as well as unique perspectives on communication disorders. ERPs have the distinct advantage of providing precise information about the timing of neural processes and can be used in cases where it is difficult to obtain responses from participants, such as infants or individuals who are minimally verbal. However, clinicians and clinician–scientists rarely receive training in how to interpret ERP research.

Aims

To provide information that allows readers to better understand, interpret and evaluate research using ERPs. We focus on research related to communication sciences and disorders and the information that is most relevant to interpreting research articles.

Method

We explain what ERPs are and how ERP data are collected, referencing key texts and primary research articles. Potential threats to validity, guidelines for interpreting data, and the pros and cons using of ERPs are discussed. Research in the area of paediatric language disorders is used as a model; common paradigms such as the semantic incongruity N400 and auditory mismatch negativity are used as tangible examples. With this foundation of understanding ERPs, the state of the field in terms of how ERPs are used and the ways they may inform the field are discussed.

Main Contribution

To date, no review has focused on ERPs as they relate to clinical or communication research. The main contribution of this review is that it provides practical information geared toward understanding ERP research.

Conclusions

ERPs offer insights into neural processes supporting communication and can both complement behaviour and provide information that behavioural measures cannot. We encourage readers to evaluate articles using ERPs critically, effectively pushing the field forward through increased understanding and rigor.

What this paper adds

ERPs have become more prevalent in research relevant to communication sciences and disorders. In order for clinicians to review and evaluate this research, an understanding of ERPs is needed. This review adds to the field by providing an accessible description of what ERPs are, a description of what ERP components are, and the most relevant commonly used components, as well as how ERP data are recorded and processed. With this foundational understanding of how ERPs work, guidelines for the interpretation of ERP data are given. Though few ERP studies currently have direct implications for clinical practice, we discuss several ways through which ERPs can impact clinical practice in future, by providing information that cannot be obtained by behaviour alone about the aetiology of disorders, and as potential biomarkers of disorder or treatment response.
Dental trauma experience and oral‐health‐related quality of life among university students
Authors: Bahho LA , Thomson WM , Foster Page LA , Drummond BK
Published: April 2020

Background

This study aimed to investigate the impact of self‐reported dental trauma on oral‐heath‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) of young adults and determine whether personality characteristics influenced how it was reported.

Method

A cross‐sectional study was carried out using a sample of 435 university students. A questionnaire sought data on previous dental trauma. OHRQoL was assessed using the short‐form of the oral health impact profile (OHIP‐14); the outcome being one or more impacts occurring ‘fairly often’/‘very often’. Personality was assessed using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS).

Results

The participation rate was 87.2%. Dental trauma experience was reported by 110 participants (25.3%), and 242 (55.6 %) indicated previous dental caries experience. Among those with dental trauma history, one or more OHIP‐14 impacts was reported by 29.1% (with 21.2% among those with no history). Impact prevalence was higher among those who had previous dental caries experience (29.8%) than among those who had not (14.7%;P < 0.001). Higher PANAS negative affect scores were observed among those reporting one or more OHIP‐14 impacts (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

While dental trauma does not appear to have a negative impact on OHRQoL in young adults, past dental caries experience does. Negative emotionality influences self‐reported oral health.
Anti‐phospholipid antibodies and reproductive failures
Authors: Beltagy Asmaa , Trespidi Laura , Gerosa Maria , Ossola Manuela Wally , Meroni Pier Luigi , Chighizola Cecilia B.
Published: April 2020

Anti‐phospholipid syndrome (APS) recapitulates the link between autoimmunity and pregnancy failure: Acquired anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPL) play a pathogenic role in pregnancy complications. The diagnosis of obstetric APS can easily be pursued when women present with laboratory and clinical features fulfilling the international classification criteria. Standard therapeutic approach to obstetric APS consists in the association of anti‐platelet agents and anticoagulants. Most patients achieve a live birth thanks to conventional treatment; however, approximately 20% fail to respond and are managed with additional therapeutic tools added on the top of conventional treatment. Surely, a refinement of risk stratification tools would allow early identification of high‐risk pregnancies that warrant tailored treatment. In real life, obstetricians and rheumatologists face complex diagnostic scenarios including women with pregnancy morbidities other than those mentioned in classification criteria such as one or two early losses and premature birth after 34 weeks due to preeclampsia or placental insufficiency, women with low‐titer aPL not fulfilling criteria laboratory requirements, women with positive non‐criteria aPL, asymptomatic aPL carriers, and infertile women found to be aPL‐positive. This review focuses on some of the several unanswered questions related to diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects in obstetric APS.
Utility of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program surgical risk calculator in predicting mortality in an Australian acute surgical unit
Authors: Parkin Cameron J. , Moritz Peter , Kirkland Olivia , Doane Matthew , Glover Anthony
Published: April 2020

Background

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP) surgical risk calculator provides an estimate preoperatively of operative risks including mortality; however, its utility is not known in Australian emergency general surgical patients. This study sought to determine accuracy of the calculator in predicting outcome of high‐risk patients in an Australian acute surgical unit to establish if this calculator could be a useful tool to identify high‐risk patients in an Australian setting.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of patients admitted to the acute surgical unit at a tertiary referral centre between 2018 and 2019 was conducted. High‐risk patients were defined as those who underwent an emergency operation with an ACS‐NSQIP surgical mortality score ≥5%. Post‐operative outcomes assessed included mortality and return to operating theatre, readmission and discharge to nursing home. External validation of the calculator was performed using discrimination and calibration statistics.

Results

Over a 14‐month period, 58 patients were high risk, with an average age of 75 years, 93% were classified as functionally independent/partially dependent and 91.4% underwent a laparotomy. Overall 30‐day mortality rate was 20.7%. The ACS‐NSQIP calculator was a reliable predictor of mortality, with c‐statistic of 0.835 (0.654–0.977), Brier score of 0.125 (0.081–0.176) and Hosmer–Lemeshow statistic of 0.389. The calculator was less accurate in its prediction of other outcomes assessed.

Conclusion

The ACS‐NSQIP calculator accurately approximated mortality in high‐risk Australian patients requiring emergency surgery. This study has demonstrated that in this patient population, the calculator could reliably be applied in the multidisciplinary care of emergency surgical patients.
Detection of copy number variants with chromosomal microarray in 10 377 pregnancies at a single laboratory
Authors: Lin Yi‐Hui , Jong Yiin‐Jeng , Huang Pin‐Chia , Tsai Chris
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Invasive prenatal testing with chromosomal microarray analysis may be a relevant option for all pregnant women, but there is only moderate‐quality evidence for such an offer. We intended to study the prevalence of copy number variants (CNVs) in prenatal samples using a single SNP‐array platform stratified by indication.

Material and methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed based on a cohort. From January 2015 to December 2017, a total of 10 377 prenatal samples were received for prenatal single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐array in the laboratory of the Genetics Generation Advancement Corporation. Indications for chromosomal microarray analysis studies included the confirmation of an abnormal karyotype, ultrasound abnormalities, advanced maternal age and parental anxiety. CNVs and region of homozygosity identified by the SNP‐array were analyzed.

Results

Of 10 377 cases, 689 had ultrasound abnormalities and 9688 were ascertained to have other indications. The overall prevalence of CNVs was 2.1% (n = 223/10 377, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9‐2.4), but the prevalence was 4.4% (95% CI 3.0‐6.1) for cases referred with abnormal ultrasound findings and 2.0% (95% CI 1.7‐2.3) for other indications. Of the 223 CNVs detected, 42/10 377 were pathogenic (0.4%, 95% CI 0.3‐0.6), 84 were susceptibility CNV (0.8%, 95% CI 0.6‐1.0) and 97 were variants of uncertain significance (0.9%, 95% CI 0.8‐1.1). Using an SNP‐based platform allowed for the detection of paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14 in a fetus with ultrasound abnormality.

Conclusions

With an indication of advanced maternal age but normal ultrasound scans, the prevalence of pathogenic CNVs was 0.4% and that of susceptibility CNV 0.7%. As CNVs are independent of maternal age, the prevalence is likely the same for younger women. Thus, this study provides further evidence that chromosomal microarray analysis should be available for all women who wish to receive diagnostic testing, as this risk is above the cut‐off of 1:300 for Down syndrome, leading to the suggestion of invasive testing. A chromosomal microarray analysis based on SNP‐array platform is preferable, as it can also detect uniparental disomy in addition to copy number variants.
Predictors of positive and negative post‐traumatic psychological outcomes in a sample of Iranian cancer survivors
Authors: MoshirPanahi Shiva , Moradi Ali Reza , Ghaderi Bayazid , McEwen Cassandra , Jobson Laura
Published: April 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to identify predictors of positive and negative post‐traumatic psychological outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional research, 300 (167 females; age M = 53.00, SD = 27.57) cancer survivors (breast cancer, leukaemia, colorectal cancer) were recruited from oncology outpatient clinics in Iran. Participants completed measures of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), post‐traumatic growth (PTG), cognitive processing, attentional biases, and autobiographical memory specificity.

Results

Using partial least square structural equation modelling, it was found that the proposed model was capable of predicting PTSD and PTG. Negative attentional biases were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, but were not significantly associated with PTG. In contrast, memory specificity and positive attentional biases tended to be associated with PTG, but were not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Second, negative cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, while positive cognitive processing was significantly associated with PTG. Finally, there was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing.

Conclusions

Our findings support growing evidence for differential trajectories to PTG and PTSD symptoms in cancer. Such cognitive factors may be important therapeutic targets in psycho‐oncology interventions.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The diagnosis of cancer and its subsequent treatment can result in symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Positive changes and psychosocial growth (post‐traumatic growth; PTG) are also common as a result of patients’ experience of cancer.

What does this study add?

This study identified predictors of positive (PTG) and negative trauma (PTSD) outcomes within a sample of Iranian cancer survivors (N = 300).

General habitual cognitive tendencies (memory specificity, attentional biases) were associated with cognitive processing, which in turn contributed to psycho‐traumatic adaption.

There was support for indirect pathways between positive cognitive tendencies and PTG through positive cognitive processing, while there were indirect pathways between negative habitual cognitive tendencies and PTSD symptoms through negative cognitive processing.
Coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the United Kingdom: A personality‐based perspective on concerns and intention to self‐isolate
Authors: Bacon Alison M. , Corr Philip J.
Published: April 2020

Objectives

Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID‐19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors.

Design

Cross‐sectional psychometric.

Methods

UK respondents (N = 202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST‐PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio‐economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self‐isolation.

Results

Respondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR‐related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity. Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate.

Conclusions

Interventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators.

Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) personality systems can influence perception of persuasive health messages.

However, there is limited evidence for their direct effects on health concerns and behaviours, and none relating to specific infectious diseases.

What does this study add?

Reward reactivity (RR) is associated with concern about impact of coronavirus on the NHS and other social infrastructures, indicating the motivation to take positive‐approach action despite worry/anxiety.

Personal safety concerns are related to fight–flight–freeze system traits (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance).

Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores.

Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate.

Results suggest psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable life (RR‐related).

Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity
Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts brain fog improving depressive‐like behaviour in obese mice: Possible role of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis
Authors: Lama Adriano , Pirozzi Claudio , Annunziata Chiara , Morgese Maria Grazia , Senzacqua Martina , Severi Ilenia , Calignano Antonio , Trabace Luigia , Giordano Antonio , Meli Rosaria , Mattace Raso Giuseppina
Published: April 2020

Background and Purpose

High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity is accompanied by metabolic and neurochemical changes that have been associated with depression. Recent studies indicate that palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) exerts metabolic effects and holds neuroprotective potential. However, studies on HFD exposure in mice which investigate the effects of PEA on monoamine system and synaptic plasticity are limited.

Experimental Approach

In C57Bl/6J male mice, obesity was established by HFD feeding for 12 weeks. Then, mice were treated with ultra‐micronized PEA (30 mg·kg−1 daily p.o.) or vehicle for 7 weeks along with HFD. Mice receiving chow diet and vehicle served as controls. Thereafter, depressive‐, anhedonic‐like behaviour and cognitive performance were measured. Monoamine analyses were performed on brain areas (nucleus accumbens, Nac; prefrontal cortex, PFC; hippocampus), and markers of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis were evaluated in hippocampus.

Key Results

PEA limited depressive‐ and anhedonic‐like behaviour, and cognitive deficits induced by HFD. PEA induced an increase in 5‐HT levels in PFC, and a reduction of dopamine and 5‐HT turnover in Nac and PFC, respectively. Moreover, PEA increased dopamine levels in the hippocampus and PFC. At a molecular level, PEA restored brain‐derived neurotrophic factor signalling pathway in hippocampus and PFC, indicating an improvement of synaptic plasticity. In particular, PEA counteracted the reduction of glutamatergic synaptic density induced by HFD in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 of the hippocampus, where it also exhibited neurogenesis‐promoting abilities.

Conclusion and Implications

PEA may represent an adjuvant therapy to limit depressive‐like behaviours and memory deficit, affecting monoamine homeostasis, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue on Neurochemistry in Japan. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.4/issuetoc
Salt tectonics in a double salt‐source layer setting (Eastern Persian Gulf, Iran): Insights from interpretation of seismic profiles and sequential cross‐section restoration
Authors: Hassanpour Jafar , Yassaghi Ali , Muñoz Josep A. , Jahani Salman
Published: April 2020

Salt tectonics in the Eastern Persian Gulf (Iran) is linked to a unique salt‐bearing system involving two overlapping ‘autochthonous’ mobile source layers, the Ediacaran–Early Cambrian Hormuz Salt and the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene Fars Salt. Interpretations of reflection seismic profiles and sequential cross‐section restorations are presented to decipher the evolution of salt structures from the two source layers and their kinematic interaction on the style of salt flow. Seismic interpretations illustrate that the Hormuz and Fars salts started flowing in the Early Palaeozoic (likely Cambrian) and Early Miocene, respectively, shortly after their deposition. Differential sedimentary loading (downbuilding) and subsalt basement faults initiated and localized the flow of the Hormuz Salt and the related salt structures. The resultant diapirs grew by passive diapirism until Late Cretaceous, whereas the pillows became inactive during the Mesozoic after a progressive decline of growth in the Late Palaeozoic. The diapirs and pillows were then subjected to a Palaeocene–Eocene contractional deformation event, which squeezed the diapirs. The consequence was significant salt extrusion, leading to the development of allochthonous salt sheets and wings. Subsequent rise of the Hormuz Salt occurred in wider salt stocks and secondary salt walls by coeval passive diapirism and tectonic shortening since Late Oligocene. Evacuation and diapirism of the Fars Salt was driven mainly by differential sedimentary loading in annular and elongate minibasins overlying the salt and locally by downslope gliding around pre‐existing stocks of the Hormuz Salt. At earlier stages, the Fars Salt flowed not only towards the pre‐existing Hormuz stocks but also away from them to initiate ring‐like salt walls and anticlines around some of the stocks. Subsequently, once primary welds developed around these stocks, the Fars Salt flowed outwards to source the peripheral salt walls. Our results reveal that evolving pre‐existing salt structures from an older source layer have triggered the flow of a younger salt layer and controlled the resulting salt structures. This interaction complicates the flow direction of the younger salt layer, the geometry and spatial distribution of its structures, as well as minibasin depocentre migration through time. Even though dealing with a unique case of two ‘autochthonous’ mobile salt layers, this work may also provide constraints on our understanding of the kinematics of salt flow and diapirism in other salt basins having significant ‘allochthonous’ salt that is coevally affected by deformation of the deeper autochthonous salt layer and related structures.
The influence of objects on creativity
Authors: Chen Steven , Chandler Jennifer , Venkatesh Alladi
Published: April 2020

This study is an examination of how objects can influence creativity. Through a qualitative inquiry involving 22 consumers, the study sheds light on how objects can inform, inspire, and facilitate creativity. Specifically, the findings show that objects can physically inform and facilitate the creative process because of their material properties (i.e., colors, densities, masses, lengths, and shapes) and their embeddedness in object–human interaction networks. Although object agency is initially latent and located in the materiality of objects, it is unlocked during object–human interactions, ultimately enhancing creativity. The findings highlight an overlooked role of objects in creative processes. Further, this study contributes to the existing corpus of creativity research, which attributes creativity mostly to human agency, as rooted in human personality, human social systems, and human collaborations. The study also extends and supports object agency and service‐dominant logic discourses.
Real‐life evaluation of mepolizumab efficacy in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, according to atopic trait and allergic phenotype
Authors: Pelaia Corrado , Crimi Claudia , Pelaia Girolamo , Nolasco Santi , Campisi Raffaele , Heffler Enrico , Valenti Giuseppe , Crimi Nunzio
Published: April 2020

Background

Anti‐interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) monoclonal antibodies can be used as add‐on biological therapies in allergic and non‐allergic patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. However, within such a therapeutic context real‐life investigations are lacking.

Objective

Therefore, the aim of the present observational study was to evaluate the effects of mepolizumab in allergic and non‐allergic subjects with severe eosinophilic asthma.

Methods

Relevant clinical, functional, laboratory, and pharmacotherapeutic parameters were assessed in the above patient subgroups.

Results

After one year of add‐on biological treatment with mepolizumab, our 88 patients experienced a remarkable improvement of their severe asthma, documented by a better symptom control, expressed by a significant improvement in asthma control test (ACT) score. Indeed, the mean value (±standard deviation) of ACT score increased from 12.55 (±3.724) to 21.08 (±3.358). Moreover, significant improvements were also detected with regard to the median values (interquartile range) of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), blood eosinophil numbers, annual rate of disease exacerbations, and daily intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS). In particular, FEV1 enhanced from 1640 mL (1110‐2275) to 1920 mL (1525‐2615), blood eosinophil count dropped from 711.0 cells/μL (500.0‐1022) to 90.00 cells/μL (50.00‐117.5), the annual rate of asthma exacerbations decreased from 3.000 (2.000‐6.000) to 0.000 (0.000‐1.000), and the daily prednisone intake fell from 6.250 mg (0.000‐25.00) to 0.000 mg (0.000‐0.000). After one year of mepolizumab treatment, the improvements in clinical, functional, and haematological parameters were quite similar in patient subgroups characterized by skin prick test (SPT) negativity or positivity, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between serum IgE levels and OCS intake decrease (r = −0.2257; P < .05).

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance

Hence, our real‐life data suggest that mepolizumab can represent a valid add‐on therapeutic option for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, irrespective of IgE serum concentrations, and allergic sensitization.
Artificial refuges to combat habitat loss for an endangered marsupial predator: How do they measure up?
Authors: Cowan Mitchell A. , Dunlop Judy A. , Turner James M. , Moore Harry A. , Nimmo Dale G.
Published: April 2020

One technique used to combat the growing global species extinction crisis has been to create artificial refuges—human‐made replacements for natural refuges destroyed during habitat modification. However, there is limited knowledge of how closely artificial refuges replicate the natural refuges they seek to replace. Mining threatens many species worldwide through large‐scale habitat modification, and artificial refuges have been proposed as a method to offset the resulting habitat loss. Here, we examined the microclimatic, physical, and biotic characteristics of natural dens occupied by the northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus)—an endangered marsupial threatened by habitat loss—and compared these to (a) superficially similar unoccupied crevices, and (b) artificial dens created by mining companies for northern quolls. Northern quolls occupied natural dens that were cooler and deeper than unoccupied crevices, likely to avoid lethal air temperatures as well as predators. Artificial dens provided similar thermal properties to occupied dens, but lacked key characteristics in having shallower den cavities, less complex surrounding habitat, increased feral cat visitation, and less small mammal prey compared to occupied dens. This study highlights the need to consider multiple facets when constructing artificial refuges, in order to avoid perverse outcomes, such as inadequate shelter, increased predation, and food shortages.
Plateaus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis progression: results from a population‐based cohort
Authors: Vasta R. , D'Ovidio F. , Canosa A. , Manera U. , Torrieri M. C. , Grassano M. , De Marchi F. , Mazzini L. , Moglia C. , Calvo A. , Chiò A.
Published: April 2020

Background and purpose

The aim was to assess the frequency of plateaus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression using a large population‐based cohort.

Methods

Data from the Piemonte and Valle d’Aosta ALS register were used. Patients who were diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 were considered. The follow‐up period was extended until 31 December 2018. Visits after tracheostomy were excluded. A plateau was defined as a stable Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRSr) score lasting at least 6, 12 or 18 months.

Results

Out of 1214 patients, 200 (16.5%), 93 (7.7%) and 52 (4.3%) showed at least one plateau lasting a minimum of 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively. Plateaus occurred mostly at high ALSFRSr scores and were more frequent during the initial phases of the disease course. Spinal onset [odds ratio (OR) 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–2.95, P value 0.01) and predominant upper motor neuron phenotype (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36–3.48, P value 0.001) conferred a higher risk for the subsequent appearance of plateaus; conversely, older age at diagnosis (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.11–0.54, P value 0.002 for >75 year age class) reduced this risk.

Conclusions

Plateaus in ALS progression lasting at least 6 months appear in about one out of six patients and could last even 12, 18 months or more in a smaller subgroup of patients. Plateau occurrence should not lead the neurologist to automatically reconsider ALS diagnosis and should be considered for future clinical trial design.
Phylogeography of silver‐studded blue, Plebejus subsolanus (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), in the central mountainous regions of Japan
Authors: Ueda Shouhei , Nakatani Takatoshi , Fukumoto Masashi , Maruyama Kiyoshi , Itoh Tateo , Usami Shin‐ichi
Published: April 2020

The silver‐studded blue, Plebejus subsolanus, is widely distributed in the Russian Altai mountains, northeastern China, the Korean Peninsula, and the Japanese archipelago. In Japan, the species is distributed across wide elevation ranges from the lowlands of Hokkaido to the subalpine zone of Honshu. Current subspecies classification in Japan is as follows: ssp. iburiensis, occurring in lowland grasslands in Hokkaido; ssp. yaginus in lower mountain grasslands in Honshu; and ssp. yarigadakeanus in higher mountain grasslands in Honshu. The habitat of this species has been markedly reduced due to recent habitat destruction and land‐use changes. Here, we undertook phylogeographic analyses of two subspecies, ssp. yaginus and yarigadakeanus in the central mountainous regions of Japan, based on two mitochondrial gene sequences, in order to collect information for establishing effective conservation strategies. From 57 samples from the four mountain ranges, we obtained a haplotype network comprised of 12 haplotypes. Because of the haplotype network topology, the geographic distribution of haplotypes and the correspondence of haplotype divergence to subspecies taxonomy, we provisionally divided the haplotypes into three haplogroups: YR1 and YR2, which comprised ssp. yarigadakeanus, and YG, which comprised ssp. yaginus. Mitochondrial DNA genetic differentiation generally agreed with morphological subspecies classification. The haplotype network suggested that ssp. yarigadakeanus populations had multiple origins, and the subspecies character of “bright blue of the male's wings” was assumed to have evolved independently in each subalpine meadow. We found that P. subsolanus was genetically differentiated depending upon the elevation at each mountain region, suggesting that each haplogroup should be a conservation unit.
Skin bacterial structure of young females in China: The relationship between skin bacterial structure and facial skin types
Authors: Zheng Yumei , Liang Haiyun , Zhou Mingyue , Song Liya , He Congfen
Published: April 2020

Background

Skin microbiota are involved in the skin physiological functions and are also affected by the skin physiological characteristics.

Objective

To better understand the skin microbial characteristics of facial cheek skin and the relationship with skin physiological characteristics.

Methods

By bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the authors studied the facial cheek skin microbial characteristics of 85 cases of young women aged 18‐25 years.

Results

Healthy young woman's cheek skin bacterial composition was relatively stable. Dry skin has high bacterial diversity and richness, and oily skin has low bacterial diversity and richness. Cutibacterium was significantly enriched in oily skin and was significantly negatively correlated with other genera such as Streptococcus (r > 0.5). There were significant positive correlations among other genera of enrichment in dry and neutral skin such as Streptococcus and Rothia (r > 0.8). Skin sebum level was significantly negatively correlated with bacterial alpha diversity index. The combined abundance of Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis was significantly positively correlated with sebum secretion (r > 0.5).

Conclusions

The skin sebum secretion and bacterial interaction were the important factors driving the young females’ cheek skin bacterial community structure.
Chemical signatures of soft tissues distinguish between vertebrates and invertebrates from the Carboniferous Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois
Authors: McCoy Victoria E. , Wiemann Jasmina , Lamsdell James C. , Whalen Christopher D. , Lidgard Scott , Mayer Paul , Petermann Holger , Briggs Derek E. G.
Published: April 2020

The chemical composition of fossil soft tissues is a potentially powerful and yet underutilized tool for elucidating the affinity of problematic fossil organisms. In some cases, it has proven difficult to assign a problematic fossil even to the invertebrates or vertebrates (more generally chordates) based on often incompletely preserved morphology alone, and chemical composition may help to resolve such questions. Here, we use in situ Raman microspectroscopy to investigate the chemistry of a diverse array of invertebrate and vertebrate fossils from the Pennsylvanian Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois, and we generate a ChemoSpace through principal component analysis (PCA) of the in situ Raman spectra. Invertebrate soft tissues characterized by chitin (polysaccharide) fossilization products and vertebrate soft tissues characterized by protein fossilization products plot in completely separate, non‐overlapping regions of the ChemoSpace, demonstrating the utility of certain soft tissue molecular signatures as biomarkers for the original soft tissue composition of fossil organisms. The controversial problematicum Tullimonstrum, known as the Tully Monster, groups with the vertebrates, providing strong evidence of a vertebrate rather than invertebrate affinity.