bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’élaboration d’indicateurs nationaux pour la surveillance de l’ostéoporose au Canada
Authors: LeMessurier J. , O’Donnell S. , Walsh P. , McRae L. , Bancej C. ,   pour le Groupe d’experts sur la surveillance de l’ostéoporose
Published: October 2020

Introduction

L’Agence de la santé publique du Canada, en collaboration avec 12 experts dans le domaine de la santé des os et de l’ostéoporose de partout au Canada, a sélectionné, par un processus de consensus formel, un ensemble d’indicateurs de base pour la surveillance de l’ostéoporose en santé publique.

Méthodologie

Une revue de la littérature a permis d’identifier des indicateurs potentiels, qui ont été par la suite regroupés dans un cadre d’indicateurs propre à l’ostéoporose. Un sondage a ensuite été élaboré pour connaître l’opinion des experts sur l’importance de ces indicateurs pour la santé publique. Les indicateurs ayant obtenu un score inférieur à 3 sur une échelle de Likert allant de 1 (faible importance) à 5 (importance élevée) ont été exclus de tout examen subséquent. Par la suite, l’importance des autres indicateurs pour la santé publique a été soumise à un vote majoritaire au cours d’une réunion en face-à-face.

Résultats

La littérature a permis de repérer 111 indicateurs, dont 88 ont été sélectionnés grâce au sondage en vue d’un examen approfondi. Lors de la réunion en face-à-face, 39 indicateurs ont été estimés importants du point de vue de la santé publique par au moins la moitié des experts.

Conclusion

Cet ensemble d’indicateurs de base servira à orienter la création de nouvelles sources de données ainsi que l’intégration, l’analyse et l’interprétation de données existantes sous la forme de produits de surveillance à des fins d’intervention dans le domaine de la santé publique.
Cultural factors related to the maintenance of health behaviours in Algonquin women with a history of gestational diabetes
Authors: Gaudreau S. , Michaud C.
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Though the cultural factors that may contribute to the diabetes epidemic in First Nations are frequently discussed, little is known about the factors that may help prevent it. In this ethnonursing study, we explore the cultural factors that help maintain health behaviours in Algonquin women who had received a diagnosis of gestational diabetes 2 to 10 years before this study.

Methods

The data were collected in two Algonquin communities through semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 7) and general informants (n = 8) and through cultural immersion, with detailed observations being recorded into logbooks.

Results

The cultural factors that are likely to affect the prevention of diabetes are the importance of family and social ties, the possibility of preserving cultural values, the opportunity to learn behaviours through educational resources adapted to needs and culture, the chance of saving money through better diet and access to blood sugar data as a means of control.

Conclusion

In the long term, these cultural factors could influence health behaviours and thus help prevent type 2 diabetes.
Cardiovascular disease mortality among First Nations people in Canada, 1991–2001
Authors: Tjepkema M. , Wilkins R. , Goedhuis N. , Pennock J.
Published: October 2020

Objective

To compare cardiovascular disease mortality patterns between First Nations people and non-Aboriginal adults by sex and by income adequacy quintile and level of educational attainment.

Methods

A 15% sample of 1991 Canadian census respondents aged 25 years or older was previously linked to 11 years of mortality data. In this study, First Nations people were defined by North American Indian ethnic origin (ancestry), registration under the Indian Act, and/or membership in an Indian band or First Nation. The cohort included 62 400 First Nations people and 2 624 300 non-Aboriginal people.

Results

Compared to non-Aboriginal cohort members, the age-standardized cardiovascular disease mortality rate was 30% higher for First Nations men and 76% higher for First Nations women. This represented an excess of 58 deaths and 71 deaths per 100 000 person-years at risk, for First Nations men and women, respectively. Within each income adequacy quintile (adjusted for family size and region of residence) and level of educational attainment, the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease was higher for First Nations people compared to their non-Aboriginal counterparts.

Conclusion

First Nations people had higher rates of death from cardiovascular disease than non-Aboriginal Canadians within each income quintile and level of education. Income and education accounted for 67% and 25% of the excess mortality of First Nations men and women respectively.
Cancer incidence, mortality and survival trends in Canada, 1970–2007
Authors: Kachuri L , De P , Ellison LF , Semenciw R ,   The Advisory Committee on Canadian Cancer Statistics
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Monitoring cancer trends can help evaluate progress in cancer control while reinforcing prevention activities. This analysis examines long-term trends for selected cancers in Canada using data from national databases.

Methods

Annual changes in trends for age-standardized incidence and mortality rates between 1970 and 2007 were examined by sex for 1) all cancers combined, 2) the four most common cancers (prostate, breast, lung, colorectal) and 3) cancers that demonstrate the most recent notable changes in trend. Five-year relative survival for 1992–2007 was also calculated.

Results

Incidence rates for all primary cancer cases combined increased 0.9% per year in males and 0.8% per year in females over the study period, with varying degrees of increase for melanoma, thyroid, liver, prostate, kidney, colorectal, lung, breast, and bladder cancers and decrease for larynx, oral, stomach and cervical cancers. Mortality rates were characterized by significant declines for all cancers combined and for most cancers examined except for melanoma and female lung cancer. The largest improvements in cancer survival were for prostate, liver, colorectal and kidney cancers. While the overall trends in mortality rates and survival point to notable successes in cancer control, the increasing trend in incidence rates for some cancers emphasize the need for continued efforts in prevention.
Population-based surveillance of asthma among workers in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Koehoorn M , Tamburic L , McLeod CB , Demers PA , Lynd L , Kennedy SM
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Population-based health databases were used for the surveillance of asthma among workers in British Columbia for the period 1999 to 2003. The purpose was to identify high-risk groups of workers with asthma for further investigation, education and prevention.

Methods

Workers were identified using an employer-paid health premium field in the provincial health registry, and were linked to their physician visit, hospitalization, workers' compensation and pharmaceutical records; asthma cases were defined by the presence of an asthma diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]-9-493) in these health records. Workers were assigned to an ''at-risk'' exposure group based on their industry of employment.

Results

For males, significantly higher asthma rates were observed for workers in the Utilities, Transport/Warehousing, Wood and Paper Manufacturing (Sawmills), Health Care/Social Assistance and Education industries. For females, significantly higher rates were found for those working in the Waste Management/Remediation and Health Care/ Social Assistance industries.

Conclusion

The data confirm a high prevalence of active asthma in the working population of British Columbia, and in particular, higher rates among females compared to males and in industries with known respiratory sensitizers such as dust and chemical exposures.
Quantifier l'utilisation que les Canadiens font d'Internet comme source d'information sur la modification de certains comportements, identifiés comme facteurs de risque modifiables du cancer
Authors: Richardson CG , Hamadani LG , Gotay C
Published: October 2020

Introduction

La présente étude visait à quantifier la fréquence à laquelle les Canadiens consultent Internet pour trouver des renseignements sur la modification de comportements qui sont des facteurs de risque modifiables du cancer, et à déterminer le moment choisi pour effectuer leurs recherches.

Méthodologie

Nous avons utilisé l'outil générateur de mots clés Keywords du programme AdWords de Google pour estimer le nombre de recherches effectuées sur Internet au Canada entre juillet 2010 et mai 2011 pour trouver des renseignements associés aux mots clés anglais « physical activity/exercise », « healthy eating/weight loss » et « quit smoking ».

Résultats

Dans le cas de « physical activity/exercise », 663 mots clés connexes ont donné lieu à 117 951 699 recherches. Pour ce qui est de « healthy eating/weight loss », 687 termes apparentés ont conduit à 98 277 954 recherches. « Quit smoking » a été associé à 759 mots clés, qui ont mené à 31 688 973 recherches. Toutes ces recherches ont atteint un pic en janvier 2011.

Conclusion

De nombreux Canadiens font, surtout en janvier, des recherches sur Internet à propos de certains changements de comportements de santé. Ces changements étant susceptibles de favoriser la prévention du cancer, les principaux intervenants dans ce domaine devraient en tirer profit, définir des priorités en matière de transfert des connaissances et travailler avec les organismes de santé à l'élaboration de stratégies fondées sur des données probantes, stratégies favorisant l'utilisation d'Internet pour encourager ces changements de comportement.
Estimation du risque de cancer lié à l'exposition au tritium dans le cadre des activités courantes de la centrale nucléaire de Pickering (Ontario)
Authors: Wanigaratne S , Holowaty E , Jiang H , Norwood TA , Pietrusiak R , Brown R
Published: October 2020

Introduction

D'après les données dont nous disposons, les niveaux actuels des émissions de tritium provenant des réacteurs CANDU au Canada n'entraîneraient pas d'effets néfastes sur la santé. Toutefois, les études ne précisent pas les doses spécifiques au tritium, et reposent sur un petit nombre de cas. La présente étude avait pour but de déterminer si le tritium émis par la centrale nucléaire de Pickering, en Ontario, lors de ses activités courantes, est associé à un risque de cancer.

Méthodologie

Nous avons constitué une cohorte rétrospective en couplant les données sur les résidents de Pickering et de North Oshawa (1985) à celles sur les nouveaux de cas cancer (1985-2005). Nous avons examiné les cas de cancer tous sièges combinés, ainsi que les cas de leucémie, de cancer du poumon, de cancer de la thyroïde et de cancer infantile (6-19 ans) pour les sujets de sexe masculin et féminin, de même que les cas de cancer du sein chez la femme. Les estimations de la concentration de tritium reposaient sur un modèle de dispersion atmosphérique qui intégrait les caractéristiques des émissions annuelles de tritium et les données météorologiques. Chaque membre de la cohorte s'est vu assigner une estimation de la concentration de tritium, en fonction de son lieu précis de résidence. Une analyse des années-personnes a permis de déterminer si les cas de cancer observés étaient plus nombreux que prévus. Un modèle de régression des risques proportionnels de Cox a servi à établir si le tritium était associé à des cancers radiosensibles à Pickering.

Résultats

Une analyse des années-personnes a révélé que le nombre de cas de cancer chez les jeunes filles était significativement plus élevé que prévu (rapport standardisé d'incidence [RSI] = 1,99, intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 1,08 à 3,38). L'explication la plus plausible de cette observation est le recours à des comparaisons multiples. Les modèles de Cox ont révélé que le cancer du poumon chez la femme était significativement plus élevé à Pickering qu'à North Oshawa (RR = 2,34; IC à 95 % : 1,23 à 4,46) et que le tritium n'était pas associé à une augmentation du risque. La méthodologie améliorée de la présente étude nous permet de mieux comprendre les risques de cancer associés à une exposition à de faibles doses de tritium.

Conclusion

Les doses estimées de tritium n'ont pas été associées à une augmentation du risque de cancers radiosensibles à Pickering.
Knowledge exchange systems for youth health and chronic disease prevention: a tri-provincial case study
Authors: Murnaghan D , Morrison W , Griffith EJ , Bell BL , Duffley LA , McGarry K , Manske S
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The research teams undertook a case study design using a common analytical framework to investigate three provincial (Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Manitoba) knowledge exchange systems. These three knowledge exchange systems seek to generate and enhance the use of evidence in policy development, program planning and evaluation to improve youth health and chronic disease prevention.

Methods

We applied a case study design to explore the lessons learned, that is, key conditions or processes contributing to the development of knowledge exchange capacity, using a multi-data collection method to gain an in-depth understanding. Data management, synthesis and analysis activities were concurrent, iterative and ongoing. The lessons learned were organized into seven "clusters".

Results

Key findings demonstrated that knowledge exchange is a complex process requiring champions, collaborative partnerships, regional readiness and the adaptation of knowledge exchange to diverse stakeholders.

Discussion

Overall, knowledge exchange systems can increase the capacity to exchange and use evidence by moving beyond collecting and reporting data. Areas of influence included development of new partnerships, expanded knowledge-sharing activities, and refinement of policy and practice approaches related to youth health and chronic disease prevention.
Étude sur les systèmes d'échange des connaissances pour la santé des jeunes et la prévention des maladies chroniques : étude de cas menée dans trois provinces
Authors: Murnaghan D , Morrison W , Griffith EJ , Bell BL , Duffley LA , McGarry K , Manske S
Published: October 2020

Introduction

Les équipes de recherche ont adopté un modèle d'étude de cas utilisant un cadre d'analyse commun dans le but d'étudier trois systèmes provinciaux (Île-du-Prince-Édouard, Nouveau-Brunswick et Manitoba) d'échange des connaissances. Ces trois systèmes visent à générer et utiliser des données probantes lors de l'élaboration des politiques, de la planification des programmes et des évaluations afin d'améliorer la santé des jeunes et de prévenir les maladies chroniques.

Méthodologie

Nous avons appliqué un modèle d'étude de cas pour examiner en profondeur les leçons apprises (c.-à-d. les principales conditions ou les principaux processus contribuant au développement de la capacité d'échange des connaissances) à l'aide d'une méthode de collecte de données multiples. Les activités de gestion, de synthèse et d'analyse des données ont été simultanées, itératives et continues. Les leçons apprises ont été classées en sept catégories.

Résultats

L'échange des connaissances est un processus complexe, qui exige des champions et des partenariats de collaboration, une adaptation aux divers intervenants et qui exige aussi que les régions soient préparées.

Analyse

Dans l'ensemble, les systèmes d'échange des connaissances peuvent accroître la capacité d'échange et d'utilisation des données probantes en allant au-delà de la collecte et de la transmission de données. Leurs aires d'influence sont l'établissement de nouveaux partenariats, des activités élargies d'échange des connaissances et le perfectionnement des approches axées sur les politiques et les pratiques liées à la santé des jeunes et à la prévention des maladies chroniques.
Performance of administrative case definitions for comorbidity in multiple sclerosis in Manitoba and Nova Scotia
Authors: Marrie RA , Fisk JD , Stadnyk KJ , Tremlett H , Wolfson C , Warren S , Bhan V , Yu BN ,   CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis
Published: October 2020

Introduction

As the population ages and the prevalence of comorbid conditions increases, the need for feasible, validated methods of comorbidity surveillance in chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) increases.

Methods

Using kappa (k) statistics, we evaluated the performance of administrative case definitions for comorbidities commonly observed in MS by comparing agreement between Manitoba (MB) administrative data and self-report (n = 606) and Nova Scotia (NS) administrative data and self-report (n = 1923).

Results

Agreement between the administrative definitions and self-report was substantial for hypertension (k = 0.69 [NS], 0.76 [MB]) and diabetes (k = 0.70 [NS], 0.66 [MB]); moderate for hyperlipidemia (k = 0.53 [NS], 0.51 [MB]) and heart disease (k = 0.42 [NS], 0.51 [MB]) and fair for anxiety (k = 0.27 [NS], 0.26 [MB]). In NS, agreement was substantial for inflammatory bowel disease (k = 0.71) and moderate for epilepsy (k = 0.48).

Conclusion

Administrative definitions for commonly observed comorbidities in MS performed well in 2 distinct jurisdictions. This suggests that they could be used more broadly across Canada and in national studies.
Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS), an innovative approach
Authors: Blais C , Jean S , Sirois C , Rochette L , Plante C , Larocque I , Doucet M , Ruel G , Simard M , Gamache P , Hamel D , St-Laurent D , Émond V
Published: October 2020

Introduction

With the growing burden of chronic diseases, surveillance will play an essential role in improving their prevention and control. The Institut national de santé publique du Québec has developed an innovative chronic disease surveillance system, the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS). We discuss the primary features, strengths and limitations of this system in this report.

Methodology

The QICDSS was created by linking five health administrative databases. Updated annually, it currently covers the period from January 1, 1996, to March 31, 2012. The operational model comprises three steps: (1) extraction and linkage of health administrative data according to specific selection criteria; (2) analysis (validation of case definitions essentially) and production of surveillance measures; and (3) data interpretation, submission and dissemination of information. The QICDSS allows the surveillance of the following chronic diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis, osteoarticular diseases, mental disorders, Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. The system also lends itself to the analysis of multimorbidity and polypharmacy.

Results

For 2011–2012, the QICDSS contained information on 7 995 963 Quebecers with an average age of 40.8 years. Of these, 95.3% met at least one selection criterion allowing the application of case definitions for chronic disease surveillance. The actual proportion varied with age, from 90.1% for those aged 19 years or less to 99.3% for those aged 65 years or over.

Conclusion

The QICDSS provides a way of producing population-based data on the chronic disease burden, health services and prescription drug uses. The system facilitates the integrated study of several diseases in combination, an approach rarely implemented until now in the context of population surveillance. The QICDSS possesses all the essential features of a surveillance system and supports the dissemination of information to public health decision-makers for future actions.
Concordance entre les résultats d'une enquête et les données de la Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ) pour le diagnostic d’asthme et pour l’utilisation des services médicaux pour asthme chez les enfants
Authors: Plante C , Goudreau S , Jacques L , Tessier F
Published: October 2020

Introduction

L'objectif est d'évaluer la concordance, quant au diagnostic de l'asthme et à l'utilisation des services médicaux, entre les résultats d'une enquête réalisée à Montréal sur la santé respiratoire des enfants de 6 mois à 12 ans et la base de données de la Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). Nous avons voulu également évaluer l'effet du mode d'enquête (Internet ou téléphone).

Méthodologie

On a mesuré l'existence d'un diagnostic d'asthme pour 7 922 enfants. On a comparé également l'utilisation des services médicaux pour asthme (visites à l'urgence et hospitalisations) dans les douze derniers mois précédant l'enquête pour les 402 enfants considérés comme asthmatiques, à l'aide de deux groupes de diagnostics respiratoires et deux périodes de couplage. La concordance entre les deux sources a été évaluée à l'aide du coefficient kappa de Cohen (κ), de la sensibilité et de la spécificité ainsi qu'en mesurant, pour l'utilisation des services, les proportions d'accord, de sur-déclaration et de sous-déclaration.

Résultats

La concordance entre les deux sources (enquête et RAMQ) est modérée pour le diagnostic d'asthme (κ = 0,54 et κ = 0,60 selon la définition utilisée). La spécificité est élevée (93 % et 96 %) et la sensibilité variable (50 % et 65 %). Il y a une surdéclaration d'utilisation des services par les répondants, avec des coefficients kappa modérés (0,49 pour les visites aux urgences et 0,48 pour les hospitalisations), mais ces derniers augmentent lorsque l'on inclut davantage de diagnostics dans la définition et que l'on allonge (à 15 mois plutôt que 12) la période de couplage (0,59 pour les visites et 0,64 pour les hospitalisations). La sensibilité et la spécificité sont élevées. La concordance est légèrement plus élevée pour l'enquête par Internet que par téléphone.

Conclusion

Ces résultats valident l'utilisation des données d'enquête concernant l'asthme pédiatrique et l'utilisation des services principaux en relation avec cette maladie.
YDS ve YÖKDİL Sınavlarının Yabancı Dil Eğitimi Üzerine Etkileri
Authors: POLAT Murat
Published: October 2020

Türkiye’de yabancı dil seviyesini tespit etme ve yabancı dil yeterliğini ölçme amacıyla uygulanan YDS (Yabancı Dil Bilgisi Seviye Tespit Sınavı) ve YÖKDİL (Yükseköğretim Kurumları Yabancı Dil Sınavı) çoktan seçmeli sınavlar olduğundan ve dinleme, konuşma, yazma gibi becerileri ölçmediğinden adayların yabancı dil öğrenme ve öğrendikleri dili kullanma algı ve alışkanlıklarına doğrudan veya dolaylı yoldan etki edebilmektedirler. Çoktan seçmeli sınavlar kullanılarak yapılan yabancı dil beceri ölçümlerinin adayların yabancı dil öğrenme algı ve yöntemlerini ne yönde etkilediğinin araştırılması, Türkiye’de sıklıkla altı çizilen dil öğrenme sorunsalının çözümlenmesine katkıda bulunabilir; zira Türkiye’de yabancı dilde anlaşamama ve o dili konuşamama gibi sıkıntıların nedenlerinden biri de ÖSYM tarafından öteden beri kullanılan ve değiştirmeye pek yanaşılmayan yabancı dil ölçme yöntemleri olabilir. Bu varsayımdan hareketle bu araştırmada YDS ve YÖKDİL sınavlarına giren akademisyenlerin çoktan seçmeli dil sınavları ve bu sınavların etkileriyle ilgili görüşleri alınmış ve bu görüşler ışığında Türkiye’de yabancı dil ölçme konusunda benimsenen yöntemlerin dil eğitimi üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili saptamalar yapılmıştır. Nitel yöntem benimsenerek yapılan bu araştırmada Eskişehir ilindeki 3 devlet üniversitesinde çalışan toplam 43 akademisyenin bu sınavların adayların dil öğrenme yöntemleri, dil derslerinin konu ve içerikleri, kullandıkları materyaller ve öğrenme çıktıları üzerindeki etkilerini bulmayı amaçlayan veriler yarı-yapılandırılmış yüz yüze görüşme tekniğiyle top-lanmış, kodlanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda ortaya çıkan sonuçlar çoğu katılımcının YDS ve YÖKDİL sınavlarının yabancı dil eğitim yöntemleri, materyalleri, dil eğitim ortamları ve öğrenme çıktıları üzerine olumsuz etki ettiğini düşündüğünü ve bu sınavlardan geçmiş olmalarına rağmen okuma becerileri hariç konuşma, yazma ve dinleme gibi diğer dil becerilerinden memnun olmadıklarını göstermiştir.
Supervision in the Master of Applied Indigenous Knowledge programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in Māngere
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this paper is to explain briefly the voluntary roles of the Indigenous Master Practitioner (IMP) and tuakana/supervisor in the Master of Applied Indigenous Knowledge (MAIK) programme at Te Wānanga o Aotearoa in Māngere. This paper will concisely explain the MAIK programme and the roles of IMP and tuakana/supervisor. This paper will present a model of supervision that was used by the author to supervise ten students successfully; it is intended that IMPs and tuakana/supervisors might consult the model if they do not already have an approach of their own.
Values of the English-Language Popular Science Pedagogical Discourse: Linguistic Mechanisms and Linguopragmatic Patterns
Authors: Nersesyan G. R.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the verbalization of values in the Englishlanguage popular scientific pedagogical discourse. The author provides a definition of this type of discourse, which is a set of communicative practices serving the learning process. The author proceeds from the fact that the result of such communication are texts of a popular science orientation, which in this case are the material of research. A comprehensive linguoaxiological and pragma-discourse analysis of text fragments dedicated to the processes of teaching and learning foreign languages is carried out. Special attention is paid to the axiologically loaded conceptual meanings of popular science pedagogical discourse. It is shown that the discursive behavior of representatives of an educational institution is based on such value-determined concepts as EDUCATION, LANGUAGE and CULTURE. The author of the article dwells on the linguistic mechanisms and methods of actualizing these concepts in discourse, as well as their pragmatic potential. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time, popular scientific pedagogical discourse is considered as a type of discourse that translates its own axiological attitudes. The relevance of the study is due to the need to create conditions, which enable rapid and reliable adaptation of society to the ongoing socio-economic and intercultural processes, as well as the changing criteria and requirements of personal and professional development of a person.
Newspaper-Style Expressivization and Dialogization Trends (News Block of English-Language Newspapers)
Authors: Nikonova E. A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the modern newspaper style. The author notes that the theory of newspaper style was developed in the 60s of the last century and since then has undergone a number of changes that have not received sufficient coverage in linguistics. Attention is paid to the changes in the modern newspaper style, among which one can single out the strengthening of emotionality and dialogue. It is emphasized that these features are generally characteristic of media texts and, correspondingly, newspaper-style texts included in the media space. According to the presented research results, these tendencies are realized in newspaper-style texts through the use of colloquial vocabulary, repetition, quotation and question in the narrative (or rhetorical question), word play. It is shown that, at the same time, the majority of news reports (81 %), which constitute the core of the newspaper style and most clearly reflect its features, retain the key style characteristics: the prevalence of the message function, conciseness, brevity, the desire for emotionless and non-judgmental presentation. It seems that the statements about the “blurring” and disappearance of the newspaper style are premature and are caused by its evolution and dynamics.
Miguel Bloombito’s Spanish Translingual Twitter Account as a Means of Overcoming Discrimination against the Hispanic population in the United States
Authors: Semenova M. Yu.
Published: October 2020

The question of the use of the Spanish translingual idiom in the Twitter account of the American satirist of Puerto Rican origin, writing under the pseudonym Miguel Bloombito, is considered. Particular attention is paid to one of the main functions of such an idiom, which is used as a way to overcome language discrimination against Latin Americans living in the United States. Separately, a comprehensive analysis of this Spanish idiom, characteristic of the speech of Puerto Rican Americans, is offered. The issue of switching and mixing codes at different levels of Spanish is of interest. The author dwells on the graphic-phonetic, wordformation and lexical levels, at which a large number of contaminated elements containing allusion and based on the play of meanings are revealed. A level-by-level classification of the elements of the Spanish idiom is proposed. Evidence is given that this idiom has sufficient system stability for the language, regularity and productivity of the models for the formation of certain units, as well as a tendency towards standardization, including outside the analyzed texts. It is proved that the Spanish translingual idiom, which appeared as a result of the contact of linguistic cultures in a multi-ethnic state, demonstrates a high degree of convergence of prototype languages, expressed through switching and mixing codes.
Types of Words Meanings that Define the Cardinal Points
Authors: Telpov R. Ye.
Published: October 2020

The semantic structure of words that define the cardinal points is considered. Words of this type are of interest, on the one hand, as words embodying the most archetypal ideas about space, on the other hand, as lexemes in the structure of compound names of territories that have not received an official administrative status, but have distinct historical, cultural or socio-political characteristics (Russian North, East of Ukraine, etc.). The author proposes the classification of the components of the semantic structure of such words, developed by him, concludes that this structure is heterogeneous, that it is consistently realized in two meanings that are reflected in their lexicographic description: vector and territorial. The author draws attention to the fact that the territorial significance, in turn, is also subdivided into two types - general territorial and private territorial. The author emphasizes that the meaning of the names of the cardinal points should be considered private-territorial if they serve as a nomination for completely certain territorial entities that have a socio-political or cultural-historical originality. The author comes to the conclusion that, functioning in particular-territorial meanings, the names of the cardinal points are close to proper names: macrotoponyms and khoronyms, but they retain a special position among khoronyms and toponyms.
The Main Tendencies of Spontaneous Prose in the Stories of John McGregor
Authors: Lushnikova G. I. , Osadchaya T. Yu.
Published: October 2020

The principles and techniques of spontaneous prose in the stories of the modern English writer J. McGregor are considered. The novelty of the research is determined by the insufficient study of the specifics of spontaneous prose in modern literature in general and the principles of spontaneity in the stories of J. McGregor, in particular. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that the new narrative forms that take place in the works of modern literature require close study, the development of special decoding methods. It is shown that spontaneous prose provides the writer with an opportunity for various kinds of experiments that relate to both the form of the narrative and the content of the work. It is concluded that the main tendencies of spontaneity, which are realized in the stories of J. McGregor, are the following elements: polyphony, the presence of a second implicit narrative plan, imitation of the stream of consciousness in the external and internal speech of characters, creation of sketch images of heroes, description of events in the form of sketches, a narrative collage technique reminiscent of a series of snapshots or still frames. It is proved that all of the above techniques provoke many implications, give rise to various associations and are aimed at involving the reader in the process of interpreting the work, his active co-creation.
Shanghai School (Haipai): Content of the Concept
Authors: Moshchenko I. A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the content of the literary concept of haipai (Shanghai school). It is pointed out that the term is actively used in modern literary studies in the Chinese language and is a basic concept for the classification of Chinese writers of the twentieth century. The question is raised about the legality of using this term for the analysis of works of art. It is noted that the literary polemic of 1933—1934 “The dispute about the Shanghai and Beijing schools” helps to clarify the meaning of the concept of “haipai”. As a result of the analysis of publications of this period, it is concluded that the term Shanghai school in modern literary practice has a different meaning than what the participants in the discussion put into it. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in Russian the literary polemics of 1933—1934 are described in detail using primary sources. As a result of the study, it was concluded that in terms of its content, the term haipai is close to such a descriptive concept in European literary criticism as “decadence”. It sets a certain evaluative paradigm and evokes certain visual and sensory images, but it should be used with caution as a means of literary analysis.
“In the National Economy, Processes, to which we Cannot Close Our Eyes, are Aggravated”: Problems of USSR in the First Half of the 1980s (Materials of the N. I. Ryzhkov Foundation)
Authors: Nikiforov Yu. S.
Published: October 2020

The question of the crisis of the USSR economy on the eve of “perestroika” is considered. Attention is paid to archival documents, which are introduced into active scientific circulation for the first time. The question of political and ideological support for the transformation of society and economy in the late USSR is raised. The results of a comparative analysis of documents of the official authorities and the expert community are presented. The research focuses on declassified archival materials deposited in the fund of the former chairman of the USSR Council of Ministers N. I. Ryzhkov (F. 653 — Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov) of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (RGA SPI). The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the analyzed documents allow shedding light on unknown crisis phenomena in the economic life of the USSR. In the course of the work, a circle of institutions was identified that monitored the socio-economic situation in the USSR in the first half of the 1980s. The relevance of the study is due to the problems of building a welfare state in modern Russia, improving the relationship between the center and regions in the Russian Federation. Analytical letters of representatives of the academic community and government agencies are studied. The theoretical basis of the work is connected with the ideas of M. A. Beznin and T. M. Dimoni about protobuzhuisia and state capitalism in the USSR, G. G. Popov about the latent conflict in the USSR between the power of experts and political functionaries.
From the History of Soviet-Polish Relations in the Early 1920s: the Problem of “Transit to Persia”
Authors: Sklyarov S. A.
Published: October 2020

For the first time in Russian historiography, the discussion that flared up soon after the conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty in the People’s Commissariat for Foreign Affairs and the People’s Commissariat of Trade on the possibility of granting Poland the right to transit trade with Persia and other countries of the East. It is noted that the head of the People’s Commissariat of Trade L.B. Krasin criticized the position of the plenipotentiary representative of the RSFSR in Warsaw L.L. Obolensky, who considered it possible to grant Poland the right of transit to the East and the most favored nation treatment in trade on reciprocity terms in order to strengthen Moscow’s position in the Polish-Soviet negotiations. It is shown that the People’s Commissariat for Trade did not consider such cooperation to be equivalent, since, according to L.B. Krasin, Poland needed more transit through the Soviet republics than the Soviet state needed transit through Poland. In the course of the study, it was found that the People’s Commissariat of Trade allowed such a situation only if Poland would additionally make political concessions, the nature of which had not yet been clear at that time. It is traced in the article how, as a result of the discussion, the line of the People’s Commissariat for Trade won and in fact the Soviet leadership adhered to it until mid-1923. The relevance and novelty of the research is due to the introduction into scientific circulation of archival materials declassified in the post-Soviet era and for the first time introduced into scientific circulation, which allow discovering new vicissitudes of Polish-Soviet relations, including the organization of transit trade.
Linguistic and Cultural Specifics of Gratitude in Arabic Business Communication in English
Authors: Kochetova L. A. , Al-Bayati Ya.Sh. S.
Published: October 2020

The relevance of the study is due to the interest of linguistics in the problems of the functioning of the English language in various genres of business communication from the point of view of cultural linguistics. The results of a comparative study of the verbal formulation of the valuemarked communicative situation of gratitude in the corpus of English-speaking Arabic (Learner Business Letter Corpus (LBCL)) and English-American business correspondence (Business Letter Corpus (BLC)) are presented in the article. It was found that the linguistic means of expressing gratitude in the BLC corpus demonstrate great lexical and grammatical variability, preference is given to implicit performatives. It is noted that a limited set of lexical and grammatical constructions is used in the corpus of the Arabic English-language business communication, and explicite performatives dominate. It is shown that in both corpuses, gratitude is used to formalize a request or demand; in Arabic English communication, flattery acts as a variation of the speech act rethinking of gratitude. It was revealed that when expressing a proactive gratitude implying a request in the Arabic linguistic culture, strategies of positive politeness are used, demonstrating the unity of interests of the communication participants, in contrast to theAnglo-American linguistic culture, which relies on the strategy of negative politeness, softening impositivity.
The Role of Evaluative Tools in the Creation of the Memorial Media Portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019)
Authors: Mikhailova E. N. , Telegina V. A.
Published: October 2020

The article is devoted to the study of evaluative tools used in modern French media in order to form the media image of a representative of the political elite. The techniques used in the creation of a memorial media portrait of Jacques Chirac (1932—2019), President of France from 1995 to 2007 are considered. The research material was the most prestigious French print media of various political orientations, published in late September — early October 2019 in connection with the death of the ex-President of the French Republic. The relevance of the research topic is dictated by the close attention of modern linguistics to axiological phenomena, differently presented in different types of discursive practices. The novelty of the study is due to the appeal to the analysis of the complex of evaluation tools used in the French print media when characterizing the former leader of the state during the nation’s farewell period. The estimated potential of the title of the article and its influence on the formation of the estimated vector of the entire text of the publication are shown. A systematic analysis of the assessment expression means, reflected in the memorial media portrait of the politician, is given. The factors that influenced the peculiarities of their use in this type of media portrait are revealed.
EMPIRIC JURIDICAL REVIEW OF THE WEAK LEGAL PROTECTION OF INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS
Authors: Indiantoro Alfalachu , Aprilia Endrawati , Wulandari Septyana
Published: October 2020

The narrowness of land for employment, low education, economic pressure requires that most Indonesians must try their fortune abroad in order to meet their daily needs. Reflections on Indonesia's life are currently experiencing a decline in quality, because Indonesia can be said to be the largest export of migrant workers to several countries such as Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Korea. With this phenomenon the government is seen as failing to prosper the lives of its people.
Dynamic Response Analysis of Drill Pipe Considering Horizontal Movement of Platform During Installation of Subsea Production Tree
Authors: Wang Fei , Chen Neng
Published: October 2020

In order to study the dynamic response of a drill pipe under the motion of the float platform, current and waves during the installation of a subsea production tree (SPT), a numerical model was established to analyse the mechanical properties of the drill pipe. The effects of the float platform motion on the mechanical behaviours of the drill pipe are carried out as well as the operation depth, submerged weight of the SPT, current velocity and drill pipe specification. At the same time, the evolution mechanism of the dynamic response of the drill pipe was also explored. The results show that the bending stress of the drill pipe approaches the maximum value when the platform moves to about one fourth of its period. Based on the research, the deeper the operation depth, the smaller the range of motion of the bottom of the drill pipe; the current velocity and the size of drill pipe have the greatest influence on the lateral displacement and bending stress.
Multi-Criteria Comparative Analysis of the Use of Subtractive and Additive Technologies in the Manufacturing of Offshore Machinery Components
Authors: Deja Mariusz , Siemiątkowski Mieczysław Stanisław , Zieliński Dawid
Published: October 2020

The dynamic development of additive manufacturing technologies, especially over the last few years, has increased the range of possible industrial applications of 3D printed elements. This is a consequence of the distinct advantages of additive techniques, which include the possibility of improving the mechanical strength of products and shortening lead times. Offshore industry is one of these promising areas for the application of additive manufacturing. This paper presents a decision support method for the manufacturing of offshore equipment components, and compares a standard subtractive method with an additive manufacturing approach. An analytic hierarchy process was applied to select the most effective and efficient production method, considering CNC milling and direct metal laser sintering. A final set of decision criteria that take into account the specifics of the offshore industry sector are provided.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Ankle Injuries in Winter and Summer Seasons
Authors: Jakušonoka Ruta , Arcimovičs Toms , Vinčela Gunita , Jumtiņš Andris , Čerņavska Ilze , Pavāre Zane
Published: October 2020

The diagnostics and treatment of ankle trauma remain challenging as they enable the patients’ return to work and ability to perform daily activities. The aim of the study was to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of ankle injuries, focusing on the trauma mechanisms in winter and summer seasons. A retrospective study was conducted of 182 patients with ankle injuries, admitted to the Hospital of Traumatology and Orthopaedics in 2014, 2015, and 2016 from the months December to February, and from June to August. Patients with supination-external rotation (SER) type ankle injuries were included in the functional outcome evaluation. Our results suggested that most of the injuries were SER type, stage IV in both seasons, and that more than 2/3 of the SER type ankle injuries that needed surgery were in the winter season. In patients with tibiofibular syndesmosis (TFS) rupture the functional results were worse than in those without TFS rupture, but in winter and summer seasons they seemed to be without statistical difference.
Optimisation of Lactose Hydrolysis by Combining Solids and ß-Galactosidase Concentrations in Whey Permeates
Authors: Majore Kristīne , Ciproviča Inga
Published: October 2020

A detailed study of lactose hydrolysis was conducted using 50, 250 and 500 units of ß-galactosidase (Kluyveromyces lactis and Bacillus licheniformis origin) in acid and sweet whey permeates at different solid concentrations 20%, 30% and 40% (w·v−1). The amount of lactose, glucose and galactose was measured by HPLC – RID. Hydrolysis was carried out at optimal enzyme temperature 42.5 °C for 4 h. Medium pH before hydrolysis was adjusted using 10% KOH. The experimental results were compared taking into account the sugar profiles and experimental conditions. The highest lactose hydrolysis occurred at solid concentration 20% (w·v−1) and at enzyme amounts of 250 and 500 units for both permeates. Using 50 units of enzymes, in many cases the amounts of glucose and galactose were more or less equal in range of 6.5–43 g·l−1 and the hydrolysis percentage was quite low in the range of 2.7–62%. Comparing both whey permeates, a higher hydrolysis percentage (99%) was obtained using acid whey and 500 enzyme units.
Performance and Stability of Agronomic and Grain Quality Traits of Latvian Spring Barley Varieties
Authors: Bleidere Māra , Grunte Ilze , Legzdiņa Linda
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and stability of agronomic and grain quality traits of 11 spring barley varieties from the Latvian breeding programme grown in two locations for four years. The study was carried out on 11 Latvian spring barley varieties: nine covered varieties ‘Abava’, ‘Ansis’, ‘Austris’, ‘Didzis’, ‘Gāte’, ‘Idumeja’, ‘Jumara’, ‘Kristaps’, and ‘Saule PR’ and two hull-less varieties ‘Irbe’ and ‘Kornelija’. Plants of the varieties were grown in field trials of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Economics, at two sites (Priekuïi and Stende) during 2014–2017. Varieties ‘Didzis’, ‘Jumara’, and ‘Ansis’ yielded significantly above the grand mean in eight environments (5.70 t·ha−1; LSD = 0.476 t·ha−1). ‘Didzis’ showed relatively high dynamic yield stability and broad adaptability to all environments (bi = 0.90; b = 1; s2
d = 0.07). Grain yield for varieties ‘Jumara’ and ‘Ansis’ showed specific adaptability to unfavourable environments (bi = 0.48 and 0.55, respectively; bi < 1). Some covered spring barley varieties were considered to be the best in eight environments with stable and high 1000 grain weight (‘Austris’, ‘Idumeja’), test weight (‘Gāte’, ‘Jumara’, ‘Austris’), lodging resistance (‘Austris’, ‘Jumara’, ‘Didzis’), resistance to Pyrenophora teres (‘Didzis’, ‘Saule PR’) and Blumeria graminis (‘Saule PR’, ‘Didzis’). Both hull-less barley varieties ‘Irbe’ and ‘Kornelija’ were distinguished for high crude protein and ß-glucan content.
Perennial Grasses as a Substrate for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Raud Merlin , Kikas Timo
Published: October 2020

One of the possible choices as a biomass for lignocellulosic bioethanol production are different perennial grasses. Cultivating this type of biomass has many advantages in terms of natural diversity and landscape protection. In this study, mixture of red clover and timothy grass was used as a feedstock to investigate its potential as a substrate for bioethanol production. Traditional three step bioethanol production process was used in combination with NED pretreatment. The results show at all pretreatment temperatures similar glucose concentrations and hydrolysis efficiencies, which varied from 4.3 to 5.1 g/l and 15.2 % to 17.7 %, respectively. The ethanol yield, on the other hand, decreased as the pretreatment temperature increased. However, the mass balance revealed that when using this kind of feedstock, 3.3-4.0 g ethanol could be produced from 100 g of biomass. The overall efficiency and yield of the process was lower than expected due to pretreatment, which might not have been suitable for soft biomass.