bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Development Level Company Profitability on PT. Harbor Indonesia (Persero)Tbk Branchbelawan
Authors: Ridho Octavian Nasution  , Kiki Farida Ferine  , Muhammad Isa Indrawan
Published: March 2024

Financial statements are reports that show the company's financial condition at this time or in a certain period. Financial ratios are activities to compare numbers in financial statements by dividing one number by another. A profitability ratio is a ratio to assess the company's ability to seek profit. This ratio also provides a measure of the level of management effectiveness of a company. This is indicated by the profit generated from sales and investment income. The research approach in this study is a descriptive study. Descriptive analysis helps researchers to explain the characteristics of the subject under study, and examine various aspects of a particular phenomenon. The place of this research is PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I (Persero) Tbk. Belawan Branch and Time This research started in November 2016 until it was finished. This study analyzes the growth and development of profitability by using profitability ratios, namely: Net Profit Margin (Net Profit Margin), Basic Earning Power, Operating Profit Margin (Operating Profit Margin), Return on Total Assets (Return On Assets), and Return on Equity (Return On Equity). From the analysis of profitability ratios at PT Pelabuhan Indonesia I (Persero) Belawan Branch from 2011 to 2016. It can be concluded that the profitability ratio has increased from 2011 to 2015 and has decreased from 2015 to 2016. The 2015 ratio is the ratio the best from 2011 to 2014. This was due to the increased operating income from 2011 to 2015.
Analysis of a Factors Affecting Use of Accounting Information in Small and Medium Businesses (MSMEs) on Medan City
Authors: Fidar Putri Waruwu  , Puja Rizqy  , Oktarini Khamilah
Published: March 2024

Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) are types of businesses that can be directly managed by communities or families, small and medium-sized businesses have a big impact on a country's economy, one of which is reducing unemployment. So SMEs must continue to grow from time to time, this is one of the most important things An important factor for SMEs to develop their businesses is accounting information (financial reports). This research is a descriptive study of small and medium enterprises in the city of Medan. Cooperation department. This study aims to describe the characteristics of SMEs, and as an understanding and trend of accounting, applications use but also provides an overview of SME from a demographic perspective. Research results according to the report, by gender, the majority of SME entrepreneurs are women. Leading the ethnic groups are Javanese and Batak. Most of the business fields carried out are trading business. Most SME entrepreneurs have recorded their business activities, but still in a very simple form. How many people run the accounting process that communicates the final results? accounting information, namely financial statements. SME follow and understand accounting training materials are provided by the cooperative.
Analysis of Internal Control System In Granting Credit In Pt. Bank Mandiri KCP Medan Belawan
Authors: Yosy Meliyana Batubara  , Anggi Pratama
Published: March 2024

This study aims to analyze the internal control system in providing credit at pt. Bank Mandiri KCP Medan Belawan and what actions were taken by the relevant departments in overcoming fluctuations in total credit, gross NPL, net NPL, and the ratio of core debtors to total credit at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) Tbk. 2016-2020 so as to be able to fulfill the entire process of providing credit without compromising the internal control system. This research was conducted using a descriptive method. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of interviews, studying documents and records about the company through the collection of information sourced from primary and secondary data. The results of the research on analysis, in distributing credit, Bank Mandiri always prioritizes the principle of prudence by placing the credit analysis function carried out by an independent business unit and credit risk unit. Bank Mandiri is always guided by the Credit Policy (KPKD) in managing end-to-end credit risk. Operationally, this policy is set forth in the form of Standard Credit Procedures (SPK) and Product Manuals. To speed up the process and improve credit performance, Bank Mandiri KCP Medan Belawan has also set limits on its authority to make credit decisions based on credit exposure and risk level. The greater the exposure, the greater the quorum of authority holders, consisting of members of the Credit Committee who function as Risk Management and members of the Credit Committee who function as Business Units. The internal control system implemented by Bank Mandiri KCP Medan Belawan is considered to have been running effectively and adequately reflected in the effectiveness of the implementation of internal control functions, including internal audit, risk management, compliance and operational control functions. In disbursing credit, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) KCP Medan Belawan first conducts a search on customer data or prospective customers who will apply for credit based on certain procedures. Employees of PT Bank Mandiri (Persero) KCP Medan Belawan have carried out their duties in accordance with the responsibilities given.
A Legal Protection Effort Workers in Covid-19
Authors: Muhlizar Muhlizar , Syafil Warman  , Joharsah
Published: March 2024

Trade unions are formed by workers by ensuring that their position and rights as workers can be balanced with the obligations they perform for employers. In the relationship between workers and employers or employers, it is undeniable that the position of workers is higher. And sometimes it results in the arbitrariness of the employers towards their workers. To reduce and deal with the possibility of this arbitrariness, workers should have an association which is usually called a trade union. with trade unions, workers can unite so as to balance their position with employers. Article 1 paragraph 1 expressly states that a trade/labor union is an organization formed from, by and for workers/laborers both within the company and outside the company, which is free, open, independent, democratic. This study uses a normative juridical approach, namely by collecting, studying and analyzing and understanding law as a set of rules or positive norms in the statutory system that regulates human life. In Law no. 21 of 2000 concerning Worker/Labour Unions spells out what the objectives of trade/labor unions are to provide protection, defend rights and interests, and improve proper welfare for workers/laborers and their families.
Savings Mobilization Efforts of the Nigerian Money Market and Economic Growth
Authors: Caleb Kehinde Osamo  , Odi Nwankwo
Published: March 2024

Economic growth is a function of some productive efforts among which savings mobilizations is considered very vital. This study examined saving mobilization efforts of the Nigerian money market and the effects on economic growth during the year 2001 – 2022.Vested with the objectives to investigate the effect of banking density, savings rates and money supply on   economic growth. The study relied on time series data sourced from the publication of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate (GDPGR) was adopted as dependent variable, while Banking Density (BD), Savings Rates (SR) and Money Supply (MS) were the independent variables. Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) unit root test was employed, to test the stationarity. The Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ADRL) was used to ascertain the relationship between the variables alongside Vector Error Correction Model (VCM). Post estimation diagnostic tools used include; Breuch-Godfrey serial correlation LM test and the CUSUM test for stability. From the ARDL, β-coefficient and the associated probabilities were adopted to determine the extent and direction of relationship on economic growth. Data were tested at 5% level of significance, it was discovered that banking density and savings rates affected economic growth positively but with insignificant effects, while money supply affected economic growth negatively with insignificant effect. The study therefore recommends amongst other, that stakeholders, be directed towards entrenching higher banking density as opposed to banking desert, and that money supply should be made dynamic in accordance with economic realities.
Using Marketing Mix Strategies to Influence Customer Patronage in an Indigenous Restaurant
Authors: Oyenuga Michael Oyedele  , Labiyi Opeyemi
Published: March 2024

Organisations will always strive to ensure that customers come back for repeat purchases and this cannot be achieved if they were not satisfied in the first place. Ensuring customer satisfaction is a prerequisite to customer patronage yet the latter cannot be achieved if there were no conscious efforts by the organization to put in place a blend of strategies that can be effectively measured. This research was carried out to examine the effect of marketing mix strategies on customer patronage in an indigenous restaurant in Abuja, Nigeria. A cross-sectional descriptive study was adopted as the research design. The participants were customers of a restaurant in Abuja, with sample data of 353 collected through a questionnaire. The link between the dependent and independent variables was determined using regression analysis, and data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 24). The results of the regression model show that price has a positive but not significant effect on customer patronage while physical facilities are also established to have a significant impact on customer patronage at Amala Spot, Abuja. This study, therefore, concluded and recommended that restaurateurs, especially indigenous ones must provide customers with logicality of perceived price. One management approach is to offer the appropriate quality of physical environment to customers.
Rhetorical Unconsciousness, Productive Discursive Repression, and Political Psychoanalysis
Authors: Bruner Michael Lane
Published: March 2024

كان تاريخ ممارسة الخطابة تاريخًا للإقناع المقصود، لكن الفلاسفة وعلماء النفس قد جادلوا لقرون طويلة، وبشكل مقنع، أن العديد من جوانب الشخصية البشرية، وبالتالي العديد من عمليات الإقناع البشرية، تحتوي على أبعاد لا وعيية عميقة تؤدي إلى أشكال من الاضطراب الشخصي والسياسي. لفهم جذور هذه الاضطرابات بشكل أفضل، والتي تؤدي إلى الجنون والعنف والحرب، يستكشف هذا المقال اللاوعي البلاغي بطرق تتجاوز بكثير مفاهيم بسيطة مثل "الإعلان الدعائي اللاوعي"، أو القمع المدرك لللاوعي، لشرح كيف أن لغاتنا والعديد من المعتقدات المستمدة منها تكون عادة لا وعيية. لتحقيق هذه المهمة، أبدأ أولاً في مناقشة عامة لللاوعي البلاغي، ثم ألخص إطاراً مفاهيمياً لتحديد جوانب مختلفة منه (مثل ما يقال بصورة غير مباشرة، وما لم يُقال، وما لا يمكن النطق به)، لأختم بمناقشة موجزة حول كيفية أن تحليل الأمور التي لا يمكن النطق بها يمكن أن يكون أساسًا لشكل جديد من التحليل السياسي النفسي.
الإعلان الإلكتروني في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وأثره على حقوق المنتج والمستهلك
Authors: لابد محمد رافع
Published: March 2024

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على طبيعة الإعلان الإلكتروني، ومدى تفاعل الجمهور مع الإعلانات الإلكترونية من جهة، وما يوفره القانون من غطاء قانوني لحماية المنتج والمستهلك وقياس مدى ثقة المواطن بهذا الغطاء من جهة أخرى، إذ استهدف البحث عينة عشوائية من الجمهور المحتمل، وتم توزيع استمارتين الكترونية على عينة البحث، عن طريق عدد من المواقع التجارية الإلكترونية التي تعرض إعلانات الكترونية على صفحاتها الرسمية في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، وقد استهدفت الاستمارة الأولى المنتجين أو القائمين بالإعلان على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي بمجموع (100) مفردة، فيما توجهت الاستمارة الثانية للمستهلك الذي تعرض للإعلان الإلكتروني سواء تفاعل معه وتأثر به أو لم يتفاعل معه بمجموع (200) مفردة. وتوصل البحث إلى نتائج عدّة منها:  إن ما يقارب ثلثين من المنتجين لم يقوموا بالإعلان الالكتروني والترويج عن منتجاتهم عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، وإن أغلبهم لم يفكروا بذلك، وليس لديهم فكرة سابقة حول الإعلان الالكتروني على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي، ونسبة كبيرة من المنتجين كانوا يستخدمون تطبيق الفيس بوك في عرض إعلاناتهم الالكترونية والترويج لمنتجاتهم، في حين لم يستخدم أحد منهم تطبيق اليوتيوب، وإن المنتجين في الغالب كانوا يفضلون إعلانات الفيديو والاعلانات التي يقدمها المشاهير، ونسبة كبيرة من المنتجين القائمين بالإعلان تجاوزت مجموع العينة، وهؤلاء كانوا يستبعدون وجود عمليات نصب واحتيال من طرف الشركات أو الاشخاص المروجين للإعلانات عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي المختلفة، ويعتقدون بعدم وجود غطاء قانوني يحمي المستهلك في حال تعرضه للغش بعد الشراء من مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي.
ПЕДАГОГІЧНІ УМОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МУЗИКАНТА-ВИКОНАВЦЯ В ПРОЦЕСІ ІНСТРУМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: Tsiuliupa Natalia , Tsiuliupa Stepan , Bytsyak Victoria
Published: March 2024

Мета статті полягає в аналізі та визначенні педагогічних умов, необхідних для розвитку фахової компетентності, зокрема в контексті музичної освіти та навчання. Методологією дослідження виступили наукові підходи, засновані на комплексі взаємоузгоджених методів, а саме: теоретичні – аналіз, синтез, систематизація, порівняння та узагальнення, метод теоретичного моделювання (задля виявлення структури фахової компетентності, моделювання та узагальнення педагогічного досвіду); емпіричні – педагогічне спостереження за процесом музичного навчання у спеціалізованих мистецьких закладах освіти, опитування, бесіди. Наукова новизна презентованого дослідження полягає у визначенні та обґрунтуванні педагогічних принципів та умов, що сприяють формуванню фахової компетентності майбутнього музиканта-виконавця в процесі інструментального навчання. У роботі підкреслюється важливість індивідуальних підходів до навчання, впровадження передових технологій в педагогічний процес, значення інтердисциплінарного навчання, стимулювання активної виконавської практики студентів, що у сукупності забезпечують розвиток фахової компетентності музикантів-виконавців. Висновки. Запропоновані  педагогічні підходи та  умови сприяють підвищенню якості навчання,  розвитку та удосконаленню фахової компетентності музикантів-виконавців. У першу чергу це індивідуальний підхід до студентів, стимулювання їхньої творчості та критичного мислення, а також сприяння розвитку музичних смаків. Використання сучасних методик та технологій в освітньому  процесі, проведення практичних занять, майстер-класів, та участь у виступах перед широкою аудиторією, допомагають набути необхідний виконавський досвід і впевненість, стимулює розвиток як професійних навичок, так і моральних цінностей у майбутніх фахівців, що дозволить активізувати процес формування та удосконалення фахової компетентності музиканта-виконавця.
СТИЛЬОВЕ РІЗНОМАНІТТЯ СУЧАСНОГО ВОКАЛЬНО-ПІСЕННОГО ВИКОНАВСТВА В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Kapliuk Alona
Published: March 2024

Мета статті – висвітлити особливості музичного естрадного мистецтва України, зокрема стильове різноманіття сучасного українського вокально-пісенного виконавства. У статті використано низку загальнонаукових методів: теоретичний – для точного використання термінології дослідження, історичний – для огляду соціокультурного феномену виникнення музичного мистецтва естради, аналітичний – для аналізу стильового різноманіття сучасного українського вокально-пісенного виконавства, системний – для вивчення історії розвитку та становлення різних музичних стилів у рамках вокального естрадного мистецтва. Наукова новизна статті полягає у виявленні основних музичних стилів сучасного естрадного вокально-пісенного виконавства в Україні. Висновки. У процесі становлення та розвитку вокально-пісенного естрадного мистецтва відзначається його провідна роль в соціокультурному житті України сьогодення. Активно еволюціонуючи як жанровий напрям, воно синтезувало у собі різні стильові якості та зайняло особливе місце у формуванні психологічного портрету сучасної особистості. Нині в українському музичному просторі творить низка талановитих виконавців та музичних гуртів, реалізовується багато музичних проєктів, проводяться численні фестивалі. Участь в них стимулює прагнення кожного виконавця до самовираження та унікальності, зумовлює до пошуку нових форм, синтезу різних стильових напрямів. У результаті українське мистецтво естради як якісне, самобутнє явище, відтворює на світовій музичній сцені рок- та поп- стилі у поєднанні з елементами національного мелосу та фольклору. Багатогранність їх прояву дозволяє співакам і музикантам виражати емоційний та образний стрій композицій у різних жанрах та стилях, привертаючи увагу та прихильність найрізноманітнішої аудиторії.
МУЗИЧНІ ФЕСТИВАЛІ ТА КОНКУРСИ ТЕРНОПІЛЬЩИНИ В АСПЕКТІ ПРОБЛЕМИ ФОРМУВАННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНО-КУЛЬТУРНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ МОЛОДІ
Authors: Sherstii Uliana
Published: March 2024

Мета статті – дослідити діяльність музичних фестивалів та конкурсів у Тернопільській області та виявити їх вплив на формування національно-культурної ідентичності молоді. Методологія дослідження базується на методах аналізу та синтезу, класифікації та узагальненні, спостереженні, опитуванні організаторів та учасників фестивалів і конкурсів, а також аналітиці документів і матеріалів. Наукова новизна статті полягає у дослідженні впливу музичних фестивалів та конкурсів на формування національно-культурної ідентичності молоді Тернопільщини. У статті проводиться аналіз різноманітних музичних подій регіону, зокрема визначаються їх жанрові особливості, форми та завдання. В роботі досліджується роль музичних фестивалів і конкурсів у контексті поширення національних традицій, формування національної самосвідомості та патріотизму. Стаття доповнює новими аспектами важливість дослідження музичних фестивалів і конкурсів як засобу глибокого вивчення культурного середовища, розвитку мистецької самосвідомості та підвищення рівня національної культури української молоді. Висновки. Музичні фестивалі й конкурси Тернопільщини активно сприяють формуванню і розвитку у молоді почуття національно-культурної ідентичності, через свою особливу регіональну жанрово-видову специфіку, розроблену тематику культурно-мистецьких заходів, репертуарну політику, календарну приуроченість конкурсно-фестивальних подій. Все це сприяє розвитку у молоді ціннісного ставлення до української культури, фольклору, традицій, символіки, а також спонукає до усвідомлення себе як частини української нації та формує відчуття відповідальності за свої вчинки. Загалом, музичні фестивалі-конкурси Тернопільщини виступають не лише як важливі культурні події, але й як ефективний інструмент задля зміцнення та збереження національно-культурної ідентичності молоді.
Side effects of COVID-19 vaccination in Pakistani population: A cross sectional study
Authors: Ain Quratul , Khan Madeeha , Afrah Aleena , Akmal Zainab , Javed Sadia , Nawaz Amjad , Khan Mohammad Iqbal , Sadiq Fouzia
Published: March 2024

Objectives  Data from clinical trials around the world show that the COVID-19 vaccines are effective in terms of reducing hospitalization need for respiratory support and deaths. However, to assess common or uncommon adverse events of the COVID-19 vaccines, data from real world experiences need to be evaluated to resolve the speculations associated with the vaccines.
Materials and Methods  A questionnaire based on demographic details, vaccination details, side effects experienced, the duration of side effects and COVID-19 status was administered to study participants during this cross-sectional study.
Results and Discussion  A total of 1162 responses were collected from fully vaccinated individuals, where Sinovac was the highly administered vaccine (40%). Most of the vaccinated participants (94%) did not contract SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination; however, the rate of hospitalization (4.2%) and development of extreme complications (1.4%) was lower in those who contracted the disease after vaccination compared to those who contracted COVID-19 before being fully vaccinated (7.1%). The most frequent side effects of vaccination reported were moderate pain at the site of injection administration, muscle pain, headache, fever, fatigue, swelling, redness or pain at the site of injection, nausea and joint pain. Only 2% of the participants encountered extreme daily routine difficulties while most of the side effects resolved within one week (30%). Conclusion: The present study reports mild post vaccination side effects and low incidence of SARS-CoV-2 following COVID-19 vaccination. These results may help in improving the public perception and confidence towards COVID-19 vaccination in the Pakistani population.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 355-367
Resistant Tuberculosis: A Comprehensive Health Predicament
Authors: Sinha Susmita , Ahmad Rahnuma , Chowdhury Kona , Haque Mainul
Published: March 2024

Abstract not available

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 293-299
Healthcare Information Systems (HIS): Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries
Authors: Rahman Shafiqur , Islam Aminul
Published: March 2024

In developing nations, the establishment of sustainable healthcare information systems (HIS) is often hindered by insufficient government policies and outdated technology. Bangladesh is a notable example where many patients lack proper healthcare access due to fragmented and non-digitally recorded data. Research has shown that standardized hospital healthcare systems can streamline patient management, increasing the capacity to serve more patients simultaneously. These systems have the potential to improve healthcare in developing nations significantly. This article offers an overview of the key obstacles that impede HIS implementation in these countries. The study looked at relevant information systems literature using a systematic literature review (SLR). The systematic literature review (SLR) was governed by a review process, and relevant studies were gathered from three databases: IEEE Xplore, EBSCO Databases, and ScienceDirect. A total of 4014 papers were initially found. However, only 11 main studies were included for analysis after a careful selection procedure governed by inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study found 24 obstacles to adopting Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) in developing countries, divided into six groups. These obstacles include a lack of financial assistance, inadequate infrastructure, inadequate education and awareness, cultural and political obstacles, reluctance to change, and poor system quality.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 314-326
The development of speed and speed-strength qualities in shortdistance runners in complicated training conditions
Authors: G G Polevoy
Published: March 2024

Background  The problem of developing the speed of movement and speed-strength qualities of sprinters can be solved by applying special exercises in artificially difficult training conditions.

The purpose of the study  is to explore the possibilities of using special training tools, in particular running in artificially difficult conditions at the stage of special physical training of sprinters of mass categories.

Materials and methods:  The study involved young men aged 17-19 years old in the number of 28 people who were engaged in sprint running in the athletics section at the sports school of the Olympic reserve of the city of Kirov (Russia). The pedagogical experiment began on November 5, 2022 and ended on May 24, 2023. By the method of random sampling, all athletes were differentiated into a control group that practiced according to the standard methodology for training sprinters in natural conditions of difficulty and an experimental group in which sprinters practiced in artificially created conditions of difficulty. When processing the results of the study, the Student’s T-test was used.

Results  After the end of the pedagogical experiment, the indicators in both groups improved. The sprinters from the control group had higher scores from 1% to 3% in all tests (p>0.05). In the athletes from the experimental group, from the beginning to the end of the study, the indicators improved from 4.5% to 5.9% on all tests (p<0.05). This proves the effectiveness of using a set of exercises and load components in working with athletes in artificially created difficult exercise conditions.

Conclusion: If you use a special set of exercises in artificially created difficult conditions when working with sprinters aged 17-19, then the indicators of speed and strength abilities and speed of movement will significantly improve in comparison with athletes who train in natural conditions of difficulty.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 368-376
Effect of spiritual health in the quality of nursing care for patients with covid-19
Authors: Abdian Tahereh , Rahimi Zahra , Shadfard Zahra , Dowlatkhah Hamidreza , Mardaneh Ali
Published: March 2024

Introduction Nurses played an important role in nursing services to infected patients in the covid-19 pandemic and considering the unknown nature of the virus and the shock of the pandemic, its psychological aspects have been less investigated. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate effect of spiritual health on the quality of nursing care for patients with covid-19.

Methods The present study was done in a cross-sectional-analytical method in the Covid departments of Peymaniye Hospital in Jahrom city in 2021. Sampling was done by census method among the nurses working in the care departments of patients with covid-19. If any nurse suffered from any psychological disorder(s) or didn’t fill in the questionnaire completely, she was classified as exclusion criteria. Demographic form, spiritual health and quality of nursing care questionnaires (QUALPAC= Quality Patient Care Scale) were used to collect necessary data and the findings were analyzed by SPSS version 21.

Results The spiritual health score average of the employed nurses was 92.68±15.98. Based on the leveling of the questionnaire, the level of spiritual health of the majority of nurses was at a mean level (60.8%). Also, the findings of the Spearman test indicated that there is a significant relation between spiritual health and the quality of nursing care (r=0.44, P<0.0001).

Conclusion Considering the relation between spiritual health and the quality of nursing care, it is recommended that spiritual health services be integrated in the provision of general treatment and care in all hospitals of the country and personnel training should be taken into consideration, too.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 463-470
Educational influence on women’s colour perception: C1 eventrelated component analysis
Authors: Raid Mohammed Fatin , Begum Tahamina , Reza Mohammed Faruque
Published: March 2024

Objective This study aimed to investigate colour perception in women from different educational groups using an event-related potential (ERP) analysis to examine the influence of education on colour processing among women.

Materials and methods Twenty-four age-matched women, from high-, medium-, and low-education groups (n = 8 in each group), were recruited in this study. 128-ERP net was used for the ERP study. All women presented their like or dislike for a particular colour by pressing button ‘1’ or ‘2’, respectively. Nine electrodes were chosen to analyse the amplitudes and latencies of the C1 ERP component.

Results and Discussion We found no significant differences in the amplitudes and latencies of the C1 ERP component between groups. A smaller amplitude of the C1 component indicated good perceptual learning, and no significant change indicated spatial or featurebased neutral stimuli. In this study, no significant change in the C1 amplitude was found, and we inferred that education did not influence colour processing, as colour was possibly a featurebased neutral stimulus for women. Conclusion: Education did not influence colour perception in women.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 471-475
Effects of Cardiac Rehabilitation of Physical Capasity and Quality of Life in Patients After Open Heart Surgery Complicated by Sternomediastinitis
Authors: Bolatbekov Berik , Baibolova Moldir , Maulenkul Tilektes , Baimagambetov Amirkhan , Zhanabayev Nurlan , Kudaiberdieva Gulmira
Published: March 2024

The article aims to evaluate safety and effects CR program on physical capacity and QoL in patients after open-heart surgery complicated with sternomediastinitis. This observational cohort study included 104 patients, of them 58 were males and 34 females, who underwent cardiac surgery made by sternotomy. We divided the cohort into two groups: 1st group clustered of 92 patients, who did not have sternomediastinitis complications after the surgery; 2nd group clustered of 12 patients, who had sternomediastinitis complications after the surgery. We assessed following variables: physical capacity using 6-minute walk test (6MWT ) and the metabolic equivalent (MET) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), QoL using SF36 survey. Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 19). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests were used to check the normality of distributions. Then, the Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare not normally distributed independent variables, in order to see the difference (significance level was accepted at p<0.05). After that, the Pearson’s two tailed correlation test was used to find the connection between variables of two groups. Properly selected physical exercises during CR improve the fitness and physical activity of patients after sternomediastinitis, as well as, QoL mesures - general health and mental status.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 527-538
The Association of Allergy and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus as a Single Disease and an Overlapping Syndrome compared to Control Group
Authors: Nareswari Kirana Pawitra , Werdiningsih Yulyani , Pratiwi Dewi , Aryani Niken Dyah , Matea Ari
Published: March 2024

Allergic diseases and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sometimes are being connected since both of these diseases are affected by gene-environment processes. SLE can appear coexisting with other autoimmune diseases as an overlapping syndrome. This research was done to investigate the relation of allergic diseases and SLE as a single SLE or overlapping syndrome compared to control. We collected datas from 39 SLE only, 22 overlapping syndrome SLE, and 39 non SLE subjects who had filled an online Score for Allergic Rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire. There are significant outcomes of the existance of allergic disease (p=.007), atopic dermatitis (p=.000) and total number of allergies (p=.016) in SLE patients. There is a correlation of the appearance of allergy in SLE as a single or coexisting with other autoimmune disease compared to control group. Atopic dermatitis and the more number of allergic diseases that the one have, play role in appearing SLE.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 23 No. 02 April’24 Page : 551-554
Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Unripe Musa Paradisiaca (Banana) Fruit in Rats with Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions
Authors: Zabir Sharif Mohammad , Hasan Md Jiaul , Quadir Rukhsana , Haque Sumona , Sabiha Kazi , Ahasan Md Faizul , Nila Sabrina Huda , Chowdhury Abu Saleh Md. Salauddin
Published: March 2024

Background: Unripe banana fruit extract is used to relieve stomach distress in some countries. A few studies in India, China, Sudan, Nigeria and South Africa revealed protection of gastric mucosa after exposed to aggressive agent following administration of unripe banana fruit extract in experimental animals. Objective: To determine the protective effect of aqueous extract of unripe Musa paradisiaca (banana) fruit against ethanol induced gastric lesion in rats. Methodology: This was a prospective experimental study carried out in the department of Pharmacology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka within the period from January 2015 to June 2015. Aqueous extract of unripe banana fruit was prepared accordingly. Total 24 rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 in each group. Group-A served as a control group and provided with distilled water (5 ml/kg/body weight) orally by gastric tube. Aqueous extract of Musa paradisiaca was administered orally as Group-B: 0.2 mg/kg/body weight/day, Group-C: 0.4 mg/kg/body weight/day and Group-D: 0.8 mg/kg/body weight/day for 7 days. After 7 days, 1 ml absolute ethanol (a known gastric lesion inducing agent) was orally administered to all groups by gastric tube. After 30 minutes of ethanol administration, all rats were sacrificed and dissected. After separating and opening stomachs, observed lesions were examined and measured with some morphological & histological parameters. Obtained data were subjected to analysis by Student’s unpaired t-test. p-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: At the end of experiment, Group-A (control) showed a total of 33 gastric lesions. Group-B, Group-C and Group-D showed 22, 20 and 19 stomach lesions respectively. The difference between control group and experiment groups was statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The unripe banana fruit extract has dose-dependent gastroprotective effect on rats. So, it may be effective in treating peptic ulcer disease.
Eastern Med Coll J. July 2023; 8 (2): 19-23
Optimum Designs for Optimum Mixtures: An Informative Review
Authors: Pal Manisha
Published: March 2024

In a mixture experiment, the measured response is assumed to depend only on the relative proportions of ingredients or components present in the mixture. Scheffe´ (1958) first systematically considered this problem, and introduced different models and suitable designs. Optimum designs for the estimation of parameters in various mixture models are available in the literature. However, in a mixture experiment, interest is likely to be more on the optimum mixing proportions of the ingredients being used. In this exposition, we take the readers on a journey through the optimum designs developed for estimating the optimum mixture combination as accurately as possible under various mixture models.
International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol.24(1), March, 2024, pp 1-14
Model Robust Optimal Designs for Kronecker Model for Mixture Experiments
Authors: Panda Mahesh Kumar
Published: March 2024

In comparison to Scheffè’s canonical polynomial models (S-models), the Kronecker models (K-models) for mixture experiments are symmetric, compact in notation, and based on the Kronecker algebra of vectors and matrices. Further, there is a corresponding transition from S-models to K-models in the form of model re-parameterization. In the literature, it has been recommended to use second-degree K-models in practice compared to the widely used second-degree S-models especially when the moment matrix is of an ill-conditioning type. The motivation of the present article is to discriminate between K-models and S-models in terms of the model-robust D- and A-optimality criteria. These optimality criteria are discussed when there is uncertainty in selecting an appropriate model out of two rival models for a mixture experiment.
International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol.24(1), March, 2024, pp 31-48
On the Sample Size Determination based on the Randomized Response Surveys
Authors: Dihidar Kajal
Published: March 2024

In general, the well known Chebyshev’s inequality is used to determine the sample size in order to conduct a survey using direct responses. The same technique intending to cover for sensitive variables are attempted recently by many statisticians. However it has been observed that in many cases the acceptable sample sizes are hard to be obtained, mainly because of appearance of some easily non-controllable part. Chaudhuri and Sen (2020), Chaudhuri and Patra (2023) and others have illustrated different situations and solutions are proposed therein. In this paper, following Chaudhuri, Bose and Dihidar (2011), we have made an attempt to deterimine the sample size corresponding to the estimators of sensitive population proportion using multiple randomized responses from distinct persons sampled. Along with the theoretical derivations, some numerical illustrations are presented. Based on the important extractions of our numerical illustration results, the recommendable sample size in practical real survey situations are observed.
International Journal of Statistical Sciences, Vol. 24(1) March, 2024, pp 115-132
Особливості використання штучного інтелекту в Україні: нормативний аспект
Authors: Рябчиков Олександр
Published: March 2024

У статті розглядаються особливості нормативного регулювання використання штучного інтелекту в Україні з акцентом на необхідність приведення в відповідність вітчизняного законодавства з європейськими стандартами. Аналізуючи сучасний стан та можливості правового поля України у контексті розвитку та імплементації технологій штучного інтелекту, автор вказує на критичну відсутність спеціалізованих нормативних актів, що регулюють сферу ШІ. Водночас, розкривається потенціал адаптації наявних національних стандартів (ДСТУ) та впровадження міжнародних норм для створення ефективного та безпечного середовища використання ШІ. Окреслюючи шляхи інтеграції України в європейський простір ШІ. Автор пропонує конкретні рекомендації щодо розробки та адаптації нормативно-правової бази, з огляду на найкращі європейські практики та вимоги GDPR, підкреслюючи важливість створення міцного фундаменту для забезпечення ефективного розвитку і впровадження інноваційних технологій в Україні. Дослідження акцентує на необхідності комплексного підходу до регулювання ШІ, враховуючи його вплив на різні аспекти суспільного життя та економіки, і надає платформу для подальшого діалогу між науковою спільнотою та бізнесом для розробки збалансованої та ефективної стратегії розвитку штучного інтелекту в країні. Основна увага приділяється етичним принципам, безпеці даних та прозорості як ключовим аспектам регулювання, з акцентом на необхідність розробки нових нормативних актів відповідно до європейських практик та вимог GDPR. Рекомендації автора включають систематизацію нормативного регулювання ШІ та інтеграцію України в європейський простір ШІ, підкреслюючи важливість комплексного підходу, який враховує як технологічні, так і соціально-економічні аспекти. Це надає базу для перших кроків впровадження нормативного регулювання ШІ в Україні, що на сьогоднішній день є важливим для будь якою сучасної країни.
Kampanye Energi Terbarukan dan Nilai Inklusi Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Siswa Pada SMAN 3 Timang Gajah
Authors: Zulnazri  , Fikri Ahmad Fikri , Agam Muarif  , Sri Rahayu Retnowulan
Published: March 2024

Electrical energy is an important today. Electrical energy still comes from fossils. It is can produce carbon gas emissions and cause greenhouse gas effects. Clean energy conversion is something that must be done immediately. This clean energy conversion still has obstacles in the form of negative public views regarding new renewable energy. Negative perspective is the effectiveness of using EBT and the need for large enough land, thereby reducing agricultural land in the future. Young people are the most strategic objects in society for implementing EBT changes in the future. The problem is the lack of knowledge among young people regarding the potential use of EBT and the limited number of competent facilitators to provide material regarding EBT. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out EBT activities and inclusive values among young people to increase competence in understanding EBT. This activity is carried out with a campaign and simulation with a solar power plant works. The aim of this activity is that students are able to choose and apply EBT in community life. The activity indicator is that students can provide feedback and explain how solar power plants work.
Edukasi Lansia Sehat Bebas Osteoarthritis Lutut di Posyandu Teratai Keprabon
Authors: Gustofa Fendi , Pristianto Arif , Arianto Yusuf
Published: March 2024

The elderly are an age where degenerative diseases often occur, one of the diseases suffered by the elderly is knee osteoarthritis. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative and progressive disease that attacks the knee joints resulting in functional limitations in the elderly. Knee osteoarthritis is caused by an unhealthy lifestyle, lack of exercise, and body weight which are risk factors for knee osteoarthritis. At the posyandu Teratai Keprabon, many elderly people complained of knee pain. This activity is an outreach regarding osteoarthritis and education regarding independent exercise to strengthen and reduce pain in the knee. This activity takes the form of providing leaflets, pre-test, post-test to measure the level of knowledge of the elderly regarding osteoarthritis. Based on the results of filling out the questionnaire, it was seen that the elderly had an increased understanding of osteoarthritis, such as signs and symptoms as well as exercises to reduce pain and strengthen muscles in the knee.
Inspeksi Pangan Sekolah Guna Pencegahan Penyakit Bersumber Pangan di Puskesmas Kota Ternate
Authors: Ali Alfian S , Togubu Novrianti , Lestari Tutik , Sumiati Tati , Harum Ana Y
Published: March 2024

The need for supervision and demands from the community regarding food safety guarantees, especially snacks for school children, are increasing. Supervision of food processing places is necessary to meet these needs and demands. Community service is carried out in the context of environmental health inspections at school food management sites. Method : The implementation through 3 stages: preparation, implementation and evaluation. Result : Not all TPPs in school canteens meet health requirements, there are still expired snacks, trash bins are not separated, the condition of the canteen is dirty and smells bad and the food served is not covered. Next, the team provided education to the canteen owner, confiscated expired food with the community health center, and reported it to the school. It is hoped that canteen owners and schools will make school canteens healthy.
A Qualitative Study To Explore the Impact of Having Children with Cancer and Parental Adjustment
Authors: Nurhidayah Ikeu , Nurhaeni Nani , Allenidekania Allenidekania , Gayatri Dewi , Hendrawati Sri
Published: March 2024

Background: Cancer diagnosis in children impacts not only the children themselves but also their parents, and the role of providing support during the treatment process is crucial. The illness’s complexity, the diagnosis process, and the course of treatment can have various effects on parents and family life. To cope with the challenges of caring for their chronically ill children, families adopt a normalization process to restore their routines. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the implications of a childhood cancer diagnosis on families and how parents normalize their daily lives in the face of this difficult situation. Methods: The study was a qualitative study conducted in a pediatric cancer shelter house in Bandung, Indonesia, from May to August 2018. Ten parents who had children with cancer were included in the study. Data were collected through interviews and thematically analyzed.  Results: This study yielded five themes: 1) parents’ negative feelings when children are first diagnosed with the illness, 2) various changes in the family’s life, 3) the impact on the family’s quality of life, 4) family’s extra effort to overcome the illness’s impact and 5) parents’ expectations for social support. Conclusions: Cancer in children has a significant impact on the lives of the entire family, particularly parents. Normalizing the lives of parents who have children with cancer entails several adaptation or adjustment tasks. Nurses can assist families in adapting by guiding how to deal with the changes they are experiencing and accepting this as the new normal. Nurses can help families normalize their daily routines, provide social support, improve coping strategies, increase family closeness, and identify the source of support from other families or the community.
Digitalisation of asset management in Chinese temples in Hong Kong
Authors: Tang Whai Tak , Siu Terry , Villupuram Shrisankaraan S , Lee Thomas , Ji Maggie
Published: March 2024

This paper presents the efforts to digitalise the asset management of Chinese temples in Hong Kong, which is a new trial in the industry. To revitalise these unique heritage buildings and empower the temples’ administration with digital tools, three Chinese temples in Ap Lei Chau and Aberdeen directly administrated by the Chinese Temples Committee (CTC) were selected as pilot projects where a digital twin was developed to enable digital asset management. Laser scanning technologies were encompassed, integrated with close-range terrestrial photogrammetry to generate precise 3D Building Information Modelling (BIM). An asset information management platform was built to consolidate the operation data and establish a common data environment to support data-driven management, with parameters collected from Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and Digital Works Supervision System (DWSS) statistics consolidated. Moreover, Augmented Reality (AR) was leveraged for tourism and education, and different phases of historic temples were modelled to present the evolution and culture over time. Through this project, in addition to the higher operation efficiency enabled by the digitalised workflow and consolidated data source, a digital blueprint was built through the formulation of a digitalisation roadmap, which contains customised recommendations on cutting-edge digital tools’ implementation in relation to heritage monuments. This can be extended to 24 Chinese temples in the future as well.
PREDICTIVE MODELING OF BROILER CHICKEN PRODUCTION USING THE NAIVE BAYES CLASSIFICATION ALGORITHM
Authors: Hasdyna Novia
Published: March 2024

Serious challenges are faced by broiler chicken farmers in Seumirah Village, Nisam Antara Subdistrict, North Aceh Regency, in their efforts to create high-quality and productive chickens. These difficulties not only impact the farmers' income but also result in recurring losses every year. This research aims to design a system using the Naive Bayes Classifier algorithm to assess the capacity and classify production types based on specific criteria such as population, age, depletion, FCR (Feed Conversion Ratio), IP (Index Performance), and BW (Body Weight). The system aims to classify broiler chicken production as either increasing (profitable) or decreasing (unprofitable). In the development of this predictive system, the PHP programming language is employed, with a MySQL database as the data storage medium. The results of this broiler chicken production prediction system have proven effective in providing information in the form of profit or loss reports based on the harvest results for each monthly period. The implementation of this system is expected to assist in optimizing farmers' production management, increasing business profitability, and providing better guidance for future business decisions. The classification results using the Naive Bayes method indicate an accuracy rate of 86,67 and error rate of 13,3%.