bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ADMET analysis of phyto-components of Syzygium cumini seeds and Allium cepa peels
Authors: Kadri Heena S. , Minocheherhomji Farida P.
Published: December 2020

Background

The inedible wastes generated from vegetables and fruits are one of the sources of environmental pollution if not utilized or disposed-off in a proper way. Research is focused on the utilization of these wastes as potential resources rather than undesirable and unwanted products in order to avoid contamination of natural resources.Syzygium cumini(black plum) seeds andAllium cepa(onion) peels were studied. These wastes were fermented and phyto-components of these wastes were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The phyto-components were examined for their pharmacokinetics properties like drug-likeness and toxicity. The open source softwares, DruLiTo and VEGA QSAR, were used to perform the aforementioned study.

Result

GCMS: Twenty phyto-components were identified by performing GCMS analysis of the methanol extracts of fermentedSyzygium cuminiseeds and fermentedAllium cepapeels.

DruLiTo: Four phyto-components each from the methanol extracts ofSyzygium cuminiseeds andAllium cepapeels followed all the drug-likeness rules.

VEGA QSAR: Six phyto-components of methanol extract of fermentedSyzygium cuminiseeds were identified as non-mutagenic whereas nine phyto-components of methanol extract of fermentedAllium cepapeels were non-mutagenic.

Collectively two phyto-components of methanol extracts ofSyzygium cuminiseeds and four phyto-components of methanol extracts ofAllium cepapossess the pharmacokinetic properties.

Conclusion

The phyto-components predicted to be drug-like and non-mutagenic can be further studied as ligands for bacterial and cancerous targets by the means of in-silico docking approach/techniques. The exploration carries supportive data for future examinations that can lead to their therapeutic use.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: inter-relation of risk factors and treatment
Authors: Sharma Aman , Mittal Shweta , Aggarwal Rohan , Chauhan Meenakshi K.
Published: December 2020

Background

The diabetes mellitus prevalence is still advancing and increasingly becoming one of the globally most severe and expensive chronic illnesses. The strong correlation between diabetes as well as the most prominent reason for diabetes and death in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disorders. Health conditions like dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and other factors of risk like the risk of cardiovascular are frequent in diabetic persons and raise the likelihood of heart attacks.

Main text

In particular, several researchers have found diabetes mellitus-related biochemical pathways that raise the likelihood of cardiovascular disorder in people with diabetes individually. This review describes diabetes-cardiovascular disorder relationships, explores potential therapeutic mechanisms, addresses existing treatment, care, and describes the directions for the future for study.

Conclusion

Thus, in individuals with diabetes, it is important to concentrate on cardiovascular threat variables to reduce the illness’s lasting cardiovascular complications. Further work to enhance knowledge of the disease state and its impact on cardiovascular function is required to boost medical treatment and cardiovascular disorders result in people with diabetes.
Recent Advances of Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Photon Upconversion Systems
Authors: Li Chengxi , Duan Pengfei
Published: December 2020

Upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC-CPL) is coined by combining two individual concepts of photon upconversion (UC) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). It has exhibited great performance and potential applications in various fields, arousing enormous attention from scientists. The emergence, amplification and modulation of UC-CPL can be adjusted through regulation of the UC process and assembled state of emitters. Benefitting from the abundant upconverted photoluminescence mechanisms, we can flexibly build UC-CPL systems with distinct properties. In addition, based on different photophysical processes, the circular polarization of some UC-CPL can be promoted. Furthermore, the practical application of UC-CPL has been confirmed in enantioselective photopolymerization. Thus, in this review, we will briefly highlight the recent development and advances of UC-CPL. We envisage providing a guide for the development of those remarkable chiroptical materials.
The Coase Theorem at Sixty
Authors: Medema Steven G.
Published: December 2020

The Coase theorem is one of the most influential and controversial ideas to emerge from post–World War II economics. This article examines the theorem’s origins, diffusion, and the wide variety of uses to which it has been put by economists and others over the sixty years since Coase published “The Problem of Social Cost.” Along the way, we explore the ambiguity and controversy surrounding the theorem, develop a Coase theorem that is valid as a proposition in economic logic, and probe the implications of all of this for the use of the Coase theorem going forward. (JEL D23)
Upgrading Education with Technology: Insights from Experimental Research
Authors: Escueta Maya , Nickow Andre Joshua , Oreopoulos Philip , Quan Vincent
Published: December 2020

In recent years, there has been widespread interest around the potential for technology to transform learning. As investment in education technology continues to grow, students, parents, and teachers face a seemingly endless array of education technologies from which to choose—from digital personalized learning platforms to online courses to text message reminders to submit financial aid forms. Amid the excitement, it is important to step back and understand how technology can help—or in some cases hinder—learning. This review article synthesizes and discusses rigorous evidence on the effectiveness of technology-based approaches to education in developed countries and outlines areas for future inquiry. In particular, we examine randomized controlled trials and regression discontinuity studies across the following categories of education technology: (i) access to technology, (ii) computer-assisted learning, (iii) technology-enabled behavioral interventions in education, and (iv) online learning. We hope this synthesis will advance academic understanding of how technology can improve education, outline key areas for new experimental research, and help drive improvements to the policies, programs, and structures that contribute to successful teaching and learning. (JEL H52, H75, I20, O33)
Potential Outcome and Directed Acyclic Graph Approaches to Causality: Relevance for Empirical Practice in Economics
Authors: Imbens Guido W.
Published: December 2020

In this essay I discuss potential outcome and graphical approaches to causality, and their relevance for empirical work in economics. I review some of the work on directed acyclic graphs, including the recent The Book of Why (Pearl and Mackenzie 2018). I also discuss the potential outcome framework developed by Rubin and coauthors (e.g., Rubin 2006), building on work by Neyman (1990 [1923]). I then discuss the relative merits of these approaches for empirical work in economics, focusing on the questions each framework answers well, and why much of the the work in economics is closer in spirit to the potential outcome perspective. (JEL C31, C36, I26)
Modelling population shifts to the rural: resilience, attractiveness and revitalization issues in the era of crisis
Authors: Anastasiou Evgenia
Published: December 2020

In the context of the crisis and its economic and social impacts the livelihoods revisited. As an alternative to the economic impasse, a pattern on counterurbanization has signifi cantly emerged. The main purpose of the present study is to explore the dynamics of the countryside through the attractiveness of the urban population. An econometric model was applied to data from population Censuses and Hellenic Statistical Authority registers. The fi ndings suggest that the ex-urbans prefer not remote, urban-like destinations, with infrastructure and services, while more attractive seem to be the areas with employment opportunities.
An assessment of European integration for the EU-15 (1971-2015)
Authors: Ikonomou Constantinos
Published: December 2020

A long-term assessment of the EU integration process is attempted for the1971-2015 period, by comparing per capita Gross Domestic Product (in constant Purchasing Power Parities) and its change, for EU-15 and non-EU states that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. A growing divergence is found between Greece but also Portugal and the EU southern periphery on the one hand, and Luxembourg, Ireland and Scandinavian states on the other that have benefi ted from EU integration, especially after the Eurozone was formed. Those EU-15 members that have joined the Eurozone have not benefi ted as much as non-members. It is suggested that two types of states can be trapped by the integration process: The relative or absolute losers of the currency zone, like Greece and states like the UK that have benefi ted less from integration, while choosing to remain at an earlier integration stage. Given the mix of monetary and fi scal policies pursued, resolving the former problem will require setting-up a common production union to advance competitiveness and co-operation, while solution to the latter should avoid the risk of disintegration and of the permanent loss of EU membership.
Research and Technology in Greece. Addressing aspects of the “triple helix” interactions
Authors: Sachini Evi , Chrysomallidis Charalampos , Karampekios Nikolaos
Published: December 2020

The paper embraces a macro-view and elaborates on the synergies established between the main components of the triple helix scheme in Greece. The analysis focuses on the collaboration between the academia and the business world and the role the public sector is playing in the national research ecosystem, and, particularly, in motivating academia-business collaboration. The empirical evidence builds upon existing knowledge-intensive quantitative and qualitative indicators and data on the national research and innovation system. Findings give out a mixed signal - some aspects of this synergetic relationship, namely, copublications, can be improved while other aspects, such as innovative enterprises collaborating with the academia, indicate a growing collaboration pattern. On a wider level, this paper contributes to mapping of knowledge intensive synergies between academia, businesses and public administration, thus offering empirical level fi ndings at the national level.
SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors of adulthood
Authors: Parker Nathaniel A. , Al-Obaidi Ammar , Deutsch Jeremy M.
Published: December 2020

The SMARCB1/INI1 gene was first discovered in the mid-1990s, and since then it has been revealed that loss of function mutations in this gene result in aggressive rhabdoid tumors. Recently, the term “rhabdoid tumor” has become synonymous with decreased SMARCB1/INI1 expression. When genetic aberrations in the SMARCB1/INI1 gene occur, the result can cause complete loss of expression, decreased expression, and mosaic expression. Although SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors are predominantly sarcomas, this is a diverse group of tumors with mixed phenotypes, which can often make the diagnosis challenging. Prognosis for these aggressive tumors is often poor. Moreover, refractory and relapsing progressive disease is common. As a result, accurate and timely diagnosis is imperative. Despite the SMARCB1/INI1 gene itself and its implications in tumorigenesis being discovered over two decades ago, there is a paucity of rhabdoid tumor cases reported in the literature that detail SMARCB1/INI1 expression. Much work remains if we hope to provide additional therapeutic strategies for patients with aggressive SMARCB1/INI1-deficient tumors.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF BACHELORS' CULTURAL COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Kapaeva Angelika
Published: December 2020

The article is dedicated to the development of Bachelors' cultural competence. The analysis of cultural competence definitions provided the selection of the most effective methods, aids for the development of Bachelors' cultural competence to communicate successfully with native speakers in everyday life as well as in professional sphere.
THE USAGE OF ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE VERBS IN SCIENTIFIC TECHNIAL PUBLICATIONS
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Kareva Lyudmila , Sofia Bayukova ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

In the article “The Usage of English Communicative Verbs in Scientific Technical Publications” communicative verbs of transmission, reception, exchange, transformation, storage and reproduction of information have been examined. It has been revealed peculiarities of communicative verbs typical usage for different scientific publications. The investigation of scientific publications has been corroborated the presence of five lexica-semantic communicative verbs groups.
AUTHOR NEOLOGISMS IN POETRY OF E. M. REMARQUE
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Kovyneva Elena
Published: December 2020

The article discusses issues related to the distinctive features of neologisms, occasionalisms and author words on the example of the poetic heritage of the world famous writer E.M. Remarque.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIALECTIC THINKING IN THE SPACEOF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE STUDY IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION
Authors: Krasheninnikov Evgeny
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problems of language competence development in the context of applying structural-dialectical approach. The author uses the method of constructing dialectical tasks which form the space of opportunities for the use of dialectical mental actions.
EUPHEMIA AS A LANGUAGE PHENOMENON: WORD-FORMATIVE ASPECT
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Krylov Alexey
Published: December 2020

We present a mixed classification of German euphemisms based on the analysis and synthesis of previous classifications based on the material of English, German and Russian languages and abstraction and unification of the revealed linguistic facts. The presented classification distinguishes between lexical-semantic (with 8 types), morphological (with 4 types) and complex (2 types) methods of euphemisms formation.
PODCAST AS AN ACTUAL RESOURCE IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Narbut Elena , Mikhaleva Valentina ,   Northeastern state university
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the use of podcasts in teaching foreign languages. The definition of podcast is given. Audio and video podcasts that can be used in teaching foreign languages are presented.
NOMINAL AND VERBAL PREFIXES OF POLITENESSIN THE SPEECH OF HEROES ANIMATED FILM HAYAO MIYAZAKI"千と千尋の神隠" ("SPIRITED AWAY")
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Poleschuk Victoria
Published: December 2020

Nominal and verbal prefixation in the system of politeness of the Japanese language plays an important role. This article is devoted to the analysis of the examples of politeness prefixes in the speech of the characters of the animated film of Hayao Miyazaki "千と千尋の神隠" ("Spirited Away").
"I ALMOST GOT SICK" ABOUT THE END OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE MEMORY OF WESTERN CULTURE "EIN FLAUES GEFÜHL IM MAGEN" ZUM ENDE DES ERSTEN WELTKRIEGES 1918 UND DER WESTLICHEN ERINNERUNGSKULTUR
Authors:   Osnabrück, Schneider Thomas F.
Published: December 2020

The article raises the problems associated with the concept of the First World War and its dynamics in the West European cultural space, often driven by political reasoning, but not by historical facts.
REFLECTION OF NATIONAL STEREOTYPES IN ENGLISH PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN THE FICTION TEXT (BY L. SNICKET'S NOVEL "THE SERIES OF UNFORTUNATE EVENTS")
Authors:   Northeastern state university, Volkova Yulia
Published: December 2020

Culture and national peculiarities are reflected in phraseology. Any translator must hold to the content and structure of the originals text during the translation process. The article deals with the phraseological units, which reflect in stereotypes and ways of translation of these phraseological units.
Enabling Smarter Cities with Operations Management
Authors: Mak Ho-Yin
Published: December 2020

Recent development of new technologies and data analytics has unleashed the so-called smart city (SC) movement, which has been transforming the ways that cities (and their services) operate. This movement is in line with the operations management (OM) community’s pursuit of innovative research questions, and part of our community has already started working on this exciting area of SC OM. In this article, we shall discuss (i) the potential contribution that OM can make to the SC movement, that is, how OM research may help inform discussion and decision making in the public and private sectors. In particular, the core principle of making cities smarter is in line with the OM literature. We then discuss (ii) how and why SC operations can be an interesting topic that possibly expands the scope and depth of OM theory, through drawing links to the existing and new streams of OM literature. Finally, we present (iii) a few promising research directions and examples, in domains such as energy, transportation (mobility), and retail.
O Racismo Institucional no Brasil: contribuições de Louis Althusser para o debate
Authors: De Aquino Alves Joyce Amancio
Published: December 2020

O presente busca avançar na definição de Racismo Institucional, não desprendendo- o das raízes do mito da democracia racial, pois sua ideologia representa condições reais de existência. Para auxiliar nesta questão, as contribuições teóricas marxistas de Louis Althusser (1983) nos proporcionam um rico esboço, pois a partir das suas conceituações e os seus desdobramentos, refletimos sobre a dinâmica do Racismo Institucional no cotidiano da população negra. Althusser expõe conceitos importantes e que são pouco analisados em estudos sobre as relações raciais no Brasil, como Ideologia e Aparelhos Ideológicos de Estado, trazendo uma perspectiva acerca das Instituições Sociais na reprodução capitalista que merece uma especial atenção na discussão sobre a Igualdade Racial.
As noivas de Satã: bruxaria, misoginia e demonização no Brasil colonial
Authors: Rocha Carolina
Published: December 2020

Durante toda Idade Média e Moderna o tema da natural inclinação feminina para os comportamentos desviantes fazia parte do programa educacional de padres e religiosos das mais variadas ordens. Os médicos também reafirmaram em seus escritos a inferioridade física e moral das mulheres, e os juristas, igualmente, deram sua contribuição para reforçar a inferioridade estrutural do sexo feminino. A produção literária e a iconografia da Renascença foram da mesma forma hostis à condição feminina. Esse artigo resgata a história de duas escravas mestiças, Joana e Custódia de Abreu, que assumiram participar de encontros noturnos firmados por pactos diabólicos no Piauí colonial. Mulheres mestiças, descendentes de escravos africanos e indígenas, pobres e imersas numa sociedade misógina, opressora e extremamente híbrida, com interconexão de cultos e culturas diversas, de origem africana, indígena e europeia. O uso da “feitiçaria” era constante no Brasil colonial, seja para resolver problemas práticos do dia-a-dia, seja para conquistar benesses materiais ou ainda como forma de resistência ao sistema escravista e a dominação portuguesa. O artigo analisa historicamente a segunda metade do século XVIII, mas os temas são totalmente atuais: misoginia, demonização de práticas religiosas, pluralidade religiosa, escravidão, dentre outros.
O Voto Econômico na América Latina entre 2004 – 2012: Avaliação da Economia e do Desempenho do Governo em Políticas Públicas e de Combate à Corrupção
Authors: Martins Flavia Bozza
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar o que pesou na avaliação positiva do presidente latino-americano entre 2004 e 2012. Buscou-se investigar se a avaliação dos incumbentes esteve influenciada pelo desempenho econômico e atuação dos presidentes sobre políticas públicas. Nossa hipótese é operacionalizada pelas variáveis da literatura do voto econômico e incorpora, além da variável ideologia, variáveis que medem o desempenho dos presidentes em matérias não econômicas. Para tanto, elaboramos banco de dados agregados e foram analisadas 36 eleições, referentes a dezoito países latino-americanos. Os resultados relativos à percepção do desempenho do mandatário têm impacto sobre a avaliação positiva do mesmo. Já os dados objetivos de crescimento econômico e índice de corrupção não impactam diretamente a avaliação do presidente. Contudo, se mostram capazes de explicar a percepção do desempenho do presidente por parte dos eleitores, indicando impacto indireto sobre a avaliação positiva do presidente.
Historic data series of COVID-19 in different countries of the world [Série histórica da COVID-19 em diferentes países] [Serie de datos históricos de COVID-19 en diferentes países]
Authors: Pedrosa Nathália Lima , Albuquerque Nila Larisse Silva de
Published: December 2020

Objetivo: analisar casos acumulados da COVID-19 em Brasil, Espanha, Itália, China e EUA. Métodos: estudo ecológico, com uso de dados secundários. Realizou-se série temporal de casos cumulativos de COVID-19 por 28 dias, após o 100º caso confirmado de cada país (baseado nas estatísticas do Worldometer 2020). Modelos de tendência linear, exponencial, potencial e logaritmo foram testados, sendo escolhido o melhor coeficiente de determinação (R²). No Brasil, a linha de tendência foi segmentada em 1º-14º dia e 15º-28º dia. Resultados: no 100º dia, os EUA possuíam maior número de casos e o Brasil, o menor. Houve linha de tendência em sua maioria exponencial, com maior velocidade de crescimento nos EUA. No Brasil, houve tendência de crescimento mais lento no segundo período. Conclusão: as linhas de tendência calculadas demonstraram pior prognóstico para os EUA. No Brasil, o crescimento do número cumulativo de casos foi mais lento na no segundo período do estudo.ABSTRACTObjective: to examine cumulative cases of COVID-19 in Brazil, Spain, Italy, China, and USA. Method: in this ecological study, secondary data were used to produce time series of cumulative cases of COVID-19 over 28 days after the 100th case confirmed in each country (from Worldometer 2020 statistics). Linear, exponential, potential and logarithmic trend models were tested, and the best coefficient of determination (R²) was chosen. In Brazil, the trend line was segmented into days 1-14 and 15-28. Results: on day 100, the USA had the highest number of cases and Brazil, the lowest. The trend lines were mostly exponential, with highest growth rate in the USA. In Brazil, the growth trend was slower in the second period. Conclusion: the calculated trend lines showed a worse prognosis for the USA. In Brazil, the cumulative number of cases grew more slowly in the second period of the study.RESUMENObjetivo: examinar casos acumulados de COVID-19 en Brasil, España, Italia, China y Estados Unidos. Método: en este estudio ecológico, se utilizaron datos secundarios para producir series de tiempo de casos acumulados de COVID-19 durante 28 días después del 100o caso confirmado en cada país (de las estadísticas del Worldometer 2020). Se probaron modelos de tendencia lineal, exponencial, potencial y logarítmica y se eligió el mejor coeficiente de determinación (R²). En Brasil, la línea de tendencia se segmentó en los días 1-14 y 15-28. Resultados: el día 100, EE.UU. tuvo el mayor número de casos y Brasil, el menor. Las líneas de tendencia fueron en su mayoría exponenciales, con la tasa de crecimiento más alta en los EE. UU. En Brasil, la tendencia de crecimiento fue más lenta en el segundo período. Conclusión: las líneas de tendencia calculadas mostraron un peor pronóstico para EE. UU. En Brasil, el número acumulado de casos creció más lentamente en el segundo período del estudio.
Active warming after caesarean section to prevent neonatal hypothermia: a systematic review
Authors: Vilinsky-Redmond Aliona , Brenner Maria , Nugent Linda , McCann Margaret
Published: December 2020

There is a lack of evidence on the effects of perioperative warming on maternal and neonatal outcomes in women undergoing elective caesarean section who are performing at-birth skin-to-skin contact. This study aimed to provide a systematic review of the current evidence base on the effects of perioperative warming versus no warming. Inclusion criteria included randomised controlled trials involving pregnant women ≥18 years old undergoing an elective caesarean section at term under regional anaesthesia and who initiated at-birth neonatal skin-to-skin contact. Studies investigated active warming versus no active warming interventions. Three studies were included, with a total of 286 participants. Active warming of women resulted in significantly less occurrence of neonatal hypothermia, with no difference in maternal hypothermia. Perioperative active warming of mothers and newborns who had skin-to-skin contact may be beneficial. The quality of the included studies was low, so the review findings should be interpreted with caution. High quality studies with larger sample sizes need to be undertaken.
The NMC Code and its application to the role of the midwife in antenatal care: a student perspective
Authors: Rajan-Brown Nicole , Mitchell Allison
Published: December 2020

The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Code provides the foundational ‘values and principles’ a midwife should follow throughout their practice. This article discusses the application of the four pillars of the Code – prioritise people, practice effectively, preserve safety, and promote leadership and trust – to the role of the midwife in antenatal care. In providing holistic care facilitated through communication, a midwife can demonstrate advocacy, accountability, competency and leadership to provide quality, safe care to women. However, following the Code is not always straightforward; organisational demands are often in opposition with NMC values. This article discusses the midwife's duty to reconcile these juxtapositions, fulfilling the needs of their employer whilst upholding the requirements of the professional body.
Getting to know an unlikely bunch: part two
Authors: Senior Amy
Published: December 2020

Part two of this article on getting to know the Joint Council for Cosmetic Practitioners further explores some of the unexpected but essential members, and even the unlikely professional relationships formed in the name of patient safety in the aesthetics sector
Drought Analysis Based on the Information Diffusion and Fractal Technology: A Case Study of Winter Wheat in China
Authors: Yao Jian-bin , Liu Jian-hua , Ma Hui-jie , Pan Hong-wei
Published: December 2020

Highlights

There is no good correlation between meteorological drought and crop drought.

The data series of meteorological drought and crop drought at the same time have fractal characteristics.

Fractal theory can be used to predict the next drought year.

Abstract.Drought is one of the natural disasters of global concern. Drought forecasting is an important tool for drought management. Uncertainty is a major challenge in drought forecasting. In order to provide a short-term effective drought prediction, this study provides a new point into drought prediction from the timing-prediction perspective. The key part of this essay lies in its fractal theoretical framework guided by the self-similarity principle, which fully considers the complexity, disorder and regularity of agricultural drought. At the same time, information diffusion theory is used to polish the raw data, especially some data about winter wheat in Zhengzhou in China. The results as follows: 1) the change trend of drought in the study region is consistent with the past; 2) the time of meteorological drought, summer maize does not necessarily lead to drought, but most timing prediction work is consistent, they have shared the similar cyclical changing-laws; and 3) the occurring time of the next drought calculated is consistent with the actual observation results. Therefore, the method established in this study is effective, and it can provide some reference for the prediction of agricultural drought outbreak time. Keywords: Crop drought, Fractal theory, Information diffusion, Meteorological drought, Winter wheat.
Noise Source Identification of the Grain Combining Harvester Based on Acoustic Array Test
Authors: Shang Yujun , Wang Chenglong , Xu Hongmei , Liu Shuang , Jiang Wei , Dong Jiajun
Published: December 2020

HIGHLIGHTS

We tested the noise of a grain combining harvester using a spiral acoustic array, aiming to identify its main sources and reduce its noise level.

The noise of the harvester is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 1 to 4 kHz.

When the power of other devices is cut off, engine is the main noise source. While all devices are in normal working condition, the main source of noise is the header device and the intermediate conveying device.

Abstract. The grain combine harvester is an important agricultural equipment with multiple functions of harvesting, threshing, separating, cleaning and grain gathering. As an instantaneous physical pollution, noise has become one of the main causes of modern civilization diseases. The noise generated by the operation of harvesters not only causes harm to the workers, but also leads to environmental noise pollution. Here, we tested the noise of a grain combine harvester using a spiral acoustic array, aiming to identify its main source by noise source identification technology based on the sound pressure distribution and reduce its noise level. The test results show that the noise of the harvester is mainly concentrated in the frequency range of 1 to 4 kHz. When the power of other devices is cut off, the engine is the main noise source, while under normal working conditions of all devices, the main source of noise is the header device and the intermediate conveying device on the front side of the harvester, the threshing device on the rear side, the engine and the threshing device on the left side, and the engine and the header device on the right side. Keywords: Acoustic array technology, Grain combining harvester, Noise source identification, Vibration and noise reduction.
Research Progress on Variable-Rate Spraying Technology in Orchards
Authors: Gu Chenchen , Wang Xiu , Wang Xiaole , Yang Fuzeng , Zhai Changyuan
Published: December 2020

Highlights

Review the research status of variable-rate spraying technology and point out the direction for the future research

Discussed the advantages and disadvantages of different techniques to detect canopy volume and canopy biomass

The air speed and volume adjustment need to be controlled based on the canopy detection system

Abstract. Variable-rate pesticide application in orchards aims to solve the problems of low pesticide utilization rates and serious environmental pollution in traditional pesticide applications. In this article, we have reviewed the research status of the technology to point out the direction for future research. Orchard tree canopy volume detection, biomass detection, and variable-rate spraying control methods were systematically summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of different sensing techniques for detecting canopy volume and canopy biomass have been discussed. Canopy volume is mainly detected by ultrasonic sensors and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. Canopy biomass detection can be realized by manual, ultrasonic sensors, LiDAR sensors, and other sensors. Variable-rate spraying control is in two parts: liquid flow rate regulation and air supply rate regulation. In order to determine the volume of the liquid variable-spray, the variable air supply of air-assisted sprayer has been proven to be important. Liquid flow regulation can be achieved by pipeline pressure control and nozzle flow rate control together with a series of algorithms. The direction of air supply is easy to determine, but the air speed and volume adjustment need to be controlled based on the canopy detection system. Finally, future research on variable-rate spraying technology should focus on: 1) the application of advanced sensing technology for accurate and real-time measurement of canopy volume and biomass, 2) accurate control algorithms for liquid flow rate regulation and methods for airflow regulation, and 3) design of variable-rate sprayers with both liquid and air regulations, and the establishment of different types of variable-rate models for different sprayer types. Keywords: Air supply rate regulation, Canopy biomass detection, Canopy volume detection, Liquid flow rate regulation, Orchard, Variable-rate spraying.
Accountability in non-profit health care organisations: towards building online practices
Authors: Cooley Asya
Published: December 2020

Online accountability (OA) is an essential aspect of overall organisational accountability efforts in non-profit organisations. The research project on which this article is based aimed to: (a) explore variations in OA practices in non-profit hospitals in the United States; and (b) determine the factors that are associated with higher levels of OA practices. The findings suggest that the majority of hospitals had resources for well-developed websites as overall accessibility scores were very high. However, they were not utilising this medium to the fullest extent for accountability purposes, especially in the areas of performance and governance information. In addition, the study demonstrated that hospital capacity (specifically, size and volume) and total private contributions were robust predictors of OA practices.
Examining Whether Student Participation in School-Sponsored Extracurricular Activities Is Represented in IEPs
Authors: Agran Martin , Dymond Stacy , Rooney-Kron Magen , Martin James
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which extracurricular activities are included in Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) of secondary age students with intellectual disability (ID). Student characteristics (grade, disability, use of augmentative and alternative communication) were examined to explore potential group differences. Participants were 498 special education teachers who had at least one student with ID on their caseload who had participated in a school sponsored extracurricular activity. Data were collected through an online questionnaire sent to members of a national listserv for transition professionals. Findings reveal that 63.69% (n = 314) of teachers reported they included information about extracurricular activities in the IEP; however, only 59.61% (n = 186) of these teachers also reported their student worked on IEP goals during extracurricular activities. Student characteristics were related to the presence of extracurricular activities in the IEP, number of IEP goals students worked on during extracurricular activities, student's most important IEP goal, and whether students received instruction on their most important IEP goal during extracurricular activities.
The Impact of Home and Community Based Settings (HCBS) Final Settings Rule Outcomes on Health and Safety
Authors: Friedman Carli
Published: December 2020

Despite physically relocating into the community, many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) fail to be meaningfully included in the community. The Home and Community Based Services (HCBS) Settings Rule was introduced to expand community integration, person-centered services, and choice. The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the potential impact of HCBS Settings Rule implementation, specifically by examining how the presence of HCBS Settings Rule outcomes impact three areas of health and safety. We analyzed secondary Personal Outcome Measures data relating to the HCBS Settings Rule, and emergency room visits, abuse and neglect, and injuries data from 251 people with IDD. Findings indicate a clear need to improve HCBS Settings Rule related areas of people's lives.
A Systematic Literature Review of Interventions to Improve Work-Related Social Skills of Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Whittenburg Holly N. , Taylor Joshua P. , Thoma Colleen A. , Pickover Gabrielle S. , Vitullo Vivian E.
Published: December 2020

People with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience impairments in social communication, which may affect their ability to develop social skills necessary for successful employment. It is unclear which types of interventions have been used to teach specific work-related social skills to people with ASD and what the overall effectiveness of those interventions has been. This article reviewed the literature on interventions targeting improvement in work-related social skills of people with ASD. Database searches yielded 1,140 articles; 14 articles met inclusion criteria. Interventions that incorporated several common elements (e.g., modeling, rehearsals, feedback) or used visually-based, technological approaches resulted in improved work-related social skills. However, high-quality research is needed, as is research that occurs in competitive, integrated workplace settings.
Quantum weak measurement of Goos–Hänchen shift in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Das Akash , Pradhan Manik
Published: December 2020

We report the direct experimental evidence of the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in monolayer molybdenum disulphide (

M
o
S

2

) for a Gaussian beam via the quantum weak measurement scheme. We demonstrate the dependence of the GH shift in monolayer

M
o
S

2

on the angle of incidence including the critical angle in the total internal reflection condition. We have also compared the results to the GH shift for single-layer graphene and plane glass–air interface. Our results may open up important applications of

M
o
S

2

in optical devices and sensor industry.
Dynamically tunable polarization beam splitting with slotted graphene patch arrays in the terahertz regime
Authors: Tavakol Mohammad Reza , Arik Kamalodin , Khavasi Amin , Akbari Mahmood
Published: December 2020

Inspired by the reflectarray concept, we propose a polarization beam splitter (PBS) using orthogonally oriented slotted graphene patches configured in a two-layer metasurface, which bidirectionally deflects the incident wave depending on its polarization in the terahertz (THz) regime. Our device employs slotted graphene patch resonators as plasmonic dipoles to provide a nearly 360° phase shift for orthogonal linearly polarized waves, which can be independently controlled for each polarization. The PBS operating frequency is also continuously tunable over a 20% frequency bandwidth, just by equally varying the graphene patches’ Fermi level in the device structure. In light of highly confined electromagnetic fields for slotted graphene patches, they have a very small effective mode volume, enabling us to utilize miniaturized metasurfaces and components. Moreover, due to the pattern simplicity of the slotted graphene patches, they can be used as practical building blocks for other THz metasurfaces with novel functionalities, which can be likely avenues for future telecommunication applications.
Waveguide resonator with an integrated phase modulator for second harmonic generation
Authors: Stefszky M. , Santandrea M. , vom Bruch F. , Krapick S. , Eigner C. , Ricken R. , Quiring V. , Herrmann H. , Silberhorn C.
Published: December 2020

We report second harmonic generation from a titanium indiffused lithium niobate waveguide resonator device whose cavity length is locked to the fundamental pump laser using an on-chip phase modulator. The device remains locked for more than 5 minutes, producing more than 80% of the initial second harmonic power. The stability of the system is seen to be limited by DC-drift, a known effect in many lithium niobate systems that include deposited electrodes. The presented device explores the suitability of waveguide resonators in this platform for use in larger integrated networks.
Large segmented sparse aperture collimation by curvature sensing
Authors: An Qichang , Wu Xiaoxia , Lin Xudong , Ming Ming , Wang Jianli , Chen Tao , Zhang Jingxu , Li Hongwen , Chen Lu , Tang Jing , Wang Rui , Zhao Hongchao
Published: December 2020

Fine alignment of large, segmented telescopes is critical for achieving high angular resolution. Building an instrument with an equally large monolithic aperture is difficult because of the increasing mass and volume. Sparse aperture testing is a lower-cost solution to alignment and metrology, both in the optics shop and at the observatory. We combined sparse aperture testing and curvature sensing to process the highly segmented system's final alignment. First, the stitching error, including tip/tilt/piston and shifting errors, is analyzed theoretically and numerically. These errors are then evaluated by normalized point source sensitivity (PSSn), and the change of PSSn during alignment, which specifies the residual alignment error, is calculated by the defocused donuts. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that the system performance improved by more than 35%. In this paper, we have described the incorporation of sparse aperture testing and curvature sensing algorithms, which can easily cover the tipping and shifting error affecting the traditional methodology.
Suppression of unpolarized background interferences for Raman spectroscopy under continuous operation
Authors: Kim Haisol , Aldén Marcus , Brackmann Christian
Published: December 2020

A time-resolving filtering technique developed to improve background suppression in Raman spectroscopy is presented and characterized. The technique enables separation of signal contributions via their polarization dependency by the addition of a waveplate to a normal measurement system and data post-processing. As a result, background interferences of broadband laser-induced fluorescence and incandescence, as well as flame luminosity and blackbody radiation, were effectively suppressed from Raman spectra. Experimental setting parameters of the method were investigated under well-controlled conditions to assess their impact on the background-filtering ability, and the overall trend was understood. The fluorescence background was effectively suppressed for all investigated settings of modulation period, number of accumulations, and recording duration, with the spectrum quality preserved after the filtering. For practical application, the method was tested for measurements in a sooting flame accompanied by a strong luminosity and interfering laser-induced background signals. The technique resulted in a 200-fold decrease of the background and allowed for quantitative analyses of concentrations and temperatures from the filtered data. Thus, the method shows strong potential to extend the applicability of Raman spectroscopy, in particular for in situ diagnostics under challenging experimental conditions.
Single-shot observation of breathers from noise-induced modulation instability using heterodyne temporal imaging
Authors: Lebel Alexandre , Tikan Alexey , Randoux Stephane , Suret Pierre , Copie Francois
Published: December 2020

We report phase and amplitude measurements of large coherent structures originating from the noise-induced modulation instability in optical fibers. By using a specifically designed time-lens system (SEAHORSE) in which aberrations are compensated, the complex field is recorded in single-shot over long durations of 200 ps with sub-picosecond resolution. Signatures of Akhmediev breather-like patterns are identified in the ultrafast temporal dynamics in very good agreement with numerical predictions based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.
Stable tuning of photorefractive microcavities using an auxiliary laser
Authors: Surya Joshua B. , Lu Juanjuan , Xu Yuntao , Tang Hong X.
Published: December 2020

Cavity nonlinear optics enables intriguing physical phenomena to occur at micro- or nano-scales with modest input powers. While this enhances capabilities in applications such as comb generation, frequency conversion, and quantum optics, undesired nonlinear effects including photorefraction and thermal bistability are exacerbated. In this Letter, we propose and demonstrate a highly effective method of achieving cavity stabilization using an auxiliary laser for controlling photorefraction in a z-cut periodically poled lithium niobate (LN) microcavity system. Our numerical study accurately models the photorefractive effect under high input powers, guiding future analyses and development of LN microcavity systems.
Multi-scale micro-stereolithography using optical fibers with a photocurable ceramic slurry
Authors: Chen Yuanyi , Furukawa Taichi , Ibi Taichi , Noda Yohei , Maruo Shoji
Published: December 2020

In this study, ceramic lattice microstructures were fabricated via micro-stereolithography using optical fibers to irradiate a photocurable ceramic slurry containing β-tricalciumphosphate microparticles. Changing the optical fiber core diameter and incident laser power can produce microstructures of the desired linewidths and cured depths. Fabrication conditions, such as scanning distance, accumulation pitch, and number of lamination layers, were optimized using the proposed method. The fabricated lattice structures were degreased and sintered to produce ceramic lattice structures. Overall, a simple and compact fabrication system was proposed for producing 3D microparts fabricated from various kinds of ceramics for electronics, mechanics, optics, and medical applications.
Empirical model for short-time prediction of COVID-19 spreading
Authors: Català Martí , Alonso Sergio , Alvarez-Lacalle Enrique , López Daniel , Cardona Pere-Joan , Prats Clara
Published: December 2020

The appearance and fast spreading of Covid-19 took the international community by surprise. Collaboration between researchers, public health workers, and politicians has been established to deal with the epidemic. One important contribution from researchers in epidemiology is the analysis of trends so that both the current state and short-term future trends can be carefully evaluated. Gompertz model has been shown to correctly describe the dynamics of cumulative confirmed cases, since it is characterized by a decrease in growth rate showing the effect of control measures. Thus, it provides a way to systematically quantify the Covid-19 spreading velocity and it allows short-term predictions and longer-term estimations. This model has been employed to fit the cumulative cases of Covid-19 from several European countries. Results show that there are systematic differences in spreading velocity among countries. The model predictions provide a reliable picture of the short-term evolution in countries that are in the initial stages of the Covid-19 outbreak, and may permit researchers to uncover some characteristics of the long-term evolution. These predictions can also be generalized to calculate short-term hospital and intensive care units (ICU) requirements.