bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the Essence of an Essence?
Authors: Metz Thaddeus
Published: August 2019

Prevladavajući pogled među suvremenim filozofima Zapada po pitanju bȋti jest da je utemeljuju intrinzična svojstva. Suprotno, istaknuti ontološki pristup u afričkoj filozofskoj tradiciji utvrđuje bit stvari prema njenim relacijskim svojstvima. Afro-relacijska ontologija je nedovoljno razvijena, stoga je prvi cilj članka pomoći u njenom razvoju.
Specifično, ciljevi su rada sljedeći: artikulirati afrički pristup razumijevanju bȋti konkretne, prirodne stvari u pogledu njenih relacija;
ilustrirati afro-relacijski pristup primjerima sebstva i vode; kontrastirati afro-relacijsku karakterizaciju bȋti sebstva i vode s tipičnim zapadnim konstruktima u pogledu intrinzičnih svojstava; te konačno ponuditi inicijalnu obranu afro-relacijskog pristupa podjednako odgovarajući na postojeće prigovore i pridodajući nove, pozitivne razloge da se ozbiljno uzme u obzir.
Hyperbolic nodal band structures and knot invariants
Authors: Stålhammar Marcus , Rødland Lukas , Arone Gregory , Budich Jan Carl , Bergholtz Emil
Published: August 2019

We extend the list of known band structure topologies to include a
large family of hyperbolic nodal links and knots, occurring both in
conventional Hermitian systems where their stability relies on discrete
symmetries, and in the dissipative non-Hermitian realm where the knotted
nodal lines are generic and thus stable towards any small perturbation.
We show that these nodal structures, taking the forms of Turk’s head
knots, appear in both continuum- and lattice models with relatively
short-ranged hopping that is within experimental reach. To determine the
topology of the nodal structures, we devise an efficient algorithm for
computing the Alexander polynomial, linking numbers and higher order
Milnor invariants based on an approximate and well controlled
parameterisation of the knot.
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR DE JOVENS E ADULTOS PRIVADOS DE LIBERDADE: REALIDADE BRASILEIRA E PANORAMA LEGAL
Authors: Arbage Lucas Andres
Published: August 2019

Este artigo tem como problema de pesquisa a ausência de políticas governamentais educativas dos apenados, as quais serviriam para a redução da desigualdade social e de renda da sociedade brasileira. O objetivo geral é conjecturar acerca da (não)atuação estatal frente a temática da educação de jovens e adultos privados de liberdade no contexto brasileiro. Os objetivos específicos são: discorrer acerca da legalidade da educação para jovens e adultos privados de liberdade, detectar os motivos pelos quais isso (não)acontece e ponderar acerca da pertinência de  uma política pública voltada para esta finalidade. No desenvolvimento do artigo, constatou-se a pequena oferta de processos educativos nas instituições de privação de liberdade e a precariedade do sistema prisional brasileiro, consubstanciada pelo aumento no número geral de presidiários, pelos altos índices de reincidência no cometimento de crimes e pelas condições sub-humanas presenciadas nestas localidades. A conclusão é de que o atual contexto colabora para o aumento e perpetuação da desigualdade social, já que reflete poucas oportunidades de reintegração social do apenado. Como as instituições prisionais objetivam o oposto ao atual panorama brasileiro, apresenta-se como essencial a implementação de uma política pública estatal para instituir os referidos processos educativos, compreendendo-se a educação como direito humano, investindo em suas esferas escolares e não escolares, a fim de cumprir a lei e proporcionar uma oportunidade aos jovens e adultos privados de liberdade. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, composta pela análise de documentos oficiais, do ordenamento jurídico e doutrina.
Numerical investigation on bottom shear stress induced by flushing gate for sewer cleaning
Authors: Yang Haoming , Zhu David Z. , Zhang Yiping , Zhou Yongchao
Published: August 2019

One of the most common strategies for sewer cleaning is to generate flushing flows using flushing gates to store water in the upstream sewer pipe. Therefore it is important to obtain the flow information on the flushing waves and their eroding effects. In this study, the flow characteristics of the flushing wave and the flushing effect were investigated by a transient flow calculation using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The values of bottom shear stress were obtained and the effect of several factors are discussed. The water depth and the slope were related to the release rate of the storage volume, while the flushing volume determined the flushing distance at long sewer distances. The initial downstream water level was found to dramatically reduce the flushing effect. Equations based on the storage depth were developed to estimate the flushing effect, and suggestions for the installation and operation of flushing gates are provided.
UMA PROSA TRANSDISCIPLINAR SOBRE A ALIMENTAÇÃO NO CONTEXTO DAS CIÊNCIAS SOCIAIS: Entrevista com Alex Galeno
Authors: Chaves Viviany
Published: August 2019

Em um cenário ocupado pelo pragmatismo da ciência, emergem pesquisadores que despertam para a necessidade de contextualizar o fenômeno alimentar e suas interfaces com o campo das Ciências Humanas e Sociais. O professor Alexsandro Galeno Araújo Dantas é uma dessas personalidades acadêmicas que, nos últimos anos, tem realizado orientações de trabalhos de teses e dissertações dedicadas a estudar o fenômeno da alimentação sob o viés sociológico junto ao programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (PPGCS/UFRN). Atualmente, Alex Galeno é professor e coordenador do Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Sociais e Presidente da Cooperativa Cultural Universitária. Graduou-se em Geografia na UFRN, é Mestre em Ciências Sociais pela mesma instituição e Doutor em Ciências Sociais pela Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo. Tem Pós-Doutorado pela Universidade de São Paulo na área de comunicação. Foi pensando em dialogar sobre sua linha de produção intelectual, principalmente nos trabalhos voltados para o campo da alimentação, buscando compreender sua disposição para este deslocamente epistemológico que conectava sociologia e alimentação, que Alex Galeno concedeu esta entrevista na manhã do dia 5 de abril de 2019, em sua sala no PPGCS da UFRN.
Recent Progress of Benzimidazole Hybrids for Anticancer Potential
Authors: Akhtar Md. Jawaid , Yar Mohammad Shahar , Sharma Vinod Kumar , Khan Ahsan Ahmed , Ali Zulphikar , Haider MD. Rafi , Pathak Ankita
Published: August 2019

This review presents the detailed account of factors leading to cancer and design strategy
for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The recent survey for cancer
treatment in Cancer facts and figures 2017 American Chemical Society has shown progressive development
in fighting cancer. Researchers all over the world in both developed and developing
countries are in a continuous effort to tackle this serious concern. Benzimidazole and its derivatives
showed a broad range of biological activities due to their resemblance with naturally occurring nitrogenous
base i.e. purine. The review discussed benzimidazole derivatives showing anticancer
properties through a different mechanism viz. intercalation, alkylating agents, topoisomerases,
DHFR enzymes, and tubulin inhibitors. Benzimidazole derivatives act through a different mechanism
and the substituents reported from the earlier and recent research articles are prerequisites for
the synthesis of targeted based benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer agents. The review focuses
on an easy comparison of the substituent essential for potency and selectivity through SAR presented
in figures. This will further provide a better outlook or fulfills the challenges faced in the
development of novel benzimidazole derivatives as anticancer.
Survey of Similarity-Based Prediction of Drug-Protein Interactions
Authors: Wang Chen , Kurgan Lukasz
Published: August 2019

Therapeutic activity of a significant majority of drugs is determined by their interactions
with proteins. Databases of drug-protein interactions (DPIs) primarily focus on the therapeutic protein
targets while the knowledge of the off-targets is fragmented and partial. One way to bridge this
knowledge gap is to employ computational methods to predict protein targets for a given drug molecule,
or interacting drugs for given protein targets. We survey a comprehensive set of 35 methods
that were published in high-impact venues and that predict DPIs based on similarity between drugs
and similarity between protein targets. We analyze the internal databases of known PDIs that these
methods utilize to compute similarities, and investigate how they are linked to the 12 publicly available
source databases. We discuss contents, impact and relationships between these internal and
source databases, and well as the timeline of their releases and publications. The 35 predictors exploit
and often combine three types of similarities that consider drug structures, drug profiles, and
target sequences. We review the predictive architectures of these methods, their impact, and we
explain how their internal DPIs databases are linked to the source databases. We also include a detailed
timeline of the development of these predictors and discuss the underlying limitations of the
current resources and predictive tools. Finally, we provide several recommendations concerning the
future development of the related databases and methods.
Computational and Pharmacogenomic Insights on Hypertension Treatment: Rational Drug Design and Optimization Strategies
Authors: Loganathan Lakshmanan , Gopinath Krishnasamy , Sankaranarayanan Vadivel Murugan , Kukreti Ritushree , Rajendran Kannan , Lee Jung-Kul , Muthusamy Karthikeyan
Published: August 2019

Background::

Hypertension is a prevalent cardiovascular complication caused by genetic
and nongenetic factors. Blood pressure (BP) management is difficult because most patients become
resistant to monotherapy soon after treatment initiation. Although many antihypertensive drugs are
available, some patients do not respond to multiple drugs. Identification of personalized antihypertensive
treatments is a key for better BP management.

Objective::

This review aimed to elucidate aspects of rational drug design and other methods to develop
better hypertension management.

Results::

Among hypertension-related signaling mechanisms, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
is the leading genetic target for hypertension treatment. Identifying a single drug that acts on multiple
targets is an emerging strategy for hypertension treatment, and could be achieved by discovering new
drug targets with less mutated and highly conserved regions. Extending pharmacogenomics research
to include patients with hypertension receiving multiple antihypertensive drugs could help identify the
genetic markers of hypertension. However, available evidence on the role of pharmacogenomics in
hypertension is limited and primarily focused on candidate genes. Studies on hypertension pharmacogenomics
aim to identify the genetic causes of response variations to antihypertensive drugs. Genetic
association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms affecting drug responses. To understand
how genetic traits alter drug responses, computational screening of mutagenesis can be utilized
to observe drug response variations at the protein level, which can help identify new inhibitors
and drug targets to manage hypertension.

Conclusions::

Rational drug design facilitates the discovery and design of potent inhibitors. However,
further research and clinical validation are required before novel inhibitors can be clinically used as
antihypertensive therapies.
Cancer Stem Cells Equipped with Powerful Hedgehog Signaling and Better Epigenetic Memory: Avenues to Look for Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Tandon Ishita , Waghmode Asawari , Sharma Nilesh Kumar
Published: August 2019

Complex nature of the tumor is depicted at the cellular landscape by showing heterogeneity
in the presence of cancer cells, cancer-associated stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells and cancer
stem cells (CSCs). One of the plausible views in cancer formation is suggested as the theory of
cancer CSCs that is known as a source of initiation of tumorigenesis. In essence, these powerful
CSCs are equipped with high Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling and epigenetic memory power that
support various tumor hallmarks. Truly, nature justifies its intent by limiting these stem cells with a
potential to turn into CSCs and in turn suppressing the high risk of humans and other organisms. In
short, this mini-review addresses the contribution of SHH signaling to allow reprogramming of epigenetic
memory within CSCs that support tumor hallmarks. Besides, this paper explores therapeutic
approaches to mitigate SHH signaling that may lead to a blockade of the pro-tumor potential of
CSCs.
Separation and Determination of the Enantiomeric Levamisole and Dexamisole in Equine Plasma Samples Using Chiral Polysaccharide Column/ LC-MS/MS
Authors: Karakka Kal Abdul Khader , Karatt Tajudheen K. , Philip Moses , Meissir Samir , Nalakath Jahfar
Published: August 2019

Background:

Drug Enforcement Administration confirmed that many manufacturers began
adding tetramisole or its individual isomers to cocaine as an adulterant, and believed that
tetramisole may augment cocaine’s effects. In recent times, there is an increasing trend in the usage
of tetramisole and its individual enantiomer in race sports especially in horse and camel races. So it’s
is very much required to confirm the stereochemistry of this illicit drug in the routine race day samples
coming to the anti-doping labs in order to avoid legal arguments and challenges to the analytical
findings.

Methods:

The aim of the study was to develop a simple, rapid and accurate method for the chiral
separation and determination of enantiomeric mixtures of levamisole and dexamisole using Thermo
Q-Exactive High-Resolution Mass Spectrometer. In order to evaluate the suitability of the method for
determining the enantiomeric purity of tetramisole, validation studies were also carried out by using
equine plasma.

Results:

The enantio-separation was achieved using the Lux i-cellulose-5 column. Isocratic flow was
used with a 1:1 mixture of mobile phase A (10 mM ammonium acetate in water) and mobile phase B
(acetonitrile), at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The run time was 8.0 min, and the column temperature
was 50°C. Dexamisole eluted at 5.94 min, and levamisole eluted at 6.62 min, giving the R-value of
1.50. The obtained inter-day precisions of dexamisole, levamisole were 3.16% and 2.85%, respectively.
The accuracy of dexamisole was in the range of 97.78 to 102.44%, and that for levamisole
was 99.16 to 102.82%. The limit of quantification value for both isomers in this method was 0.1 ng/
mL. The method was linear in the range of 0 to 50 ng/mL.

Conclusion:

Chromatographic separation was achieved using the polysaccharide cellulose chiral
column, and the reverse-phase separation approach was found to have the highest potential for successful
chiral resolution in LC-MS. Linearity, precision, accuracy, detection limit, recovery, and the
matrix effect in equine plasma were determined. Under the optimized conditions, the validated method
can be applied for the identification and detection of the tetramisole enantiomers in different
sources of illicit drugs of abuse.
Maternal Awareness of Adolescent Bullying Victimization in a Low-Income Context
Authors: Vieira Marlene A. , Handegård Bjørn H. , Rønning John A. , Duarte Cristine S. , Mari Jair J. , Bordin Isabel A.
Published: August 2019

Background:

Adolescents and parents often disagree about the perception of bullying
victimization since adults tend to underestimate its occurrence.

Objective:

This study identifies factors that can influence maternal perception of bullying
victimization experienced by her son/daughter in the past 12 months.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study involved a representative sample of in-school adolescents
(n=669, 11-15-years) living in Itaboraí city, Brazil (mean age±SE: 13.01±0.07 years;
51.7% females). A 3-stage probabilistic sampling procedure (random selection of census
units, eligible households and target child) generated sampling weights. Trained lay interviewers
individually applied semi-structured questionnaires to mothers and adolescents in
the households. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined factors potentially influencing
maternal perception of bullying victimization experienced by her son/daughter: adolescent
gender and age, adolescent self-perceived bullying victimization, exposure to severe
physical punishment by parents, internalizing/externalizing behaviour problems identified by
the Youth Self-Report/YSR, maternal education and maternal anxiety/depression identified
by the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire/SRQ-20.

Results:

Univariable logistic regression analysis identified a strong association between adolescent
self-perceived bullying victimization and maternal perception of bullying victimization
experienced by her son/daughter. Multivariable models showed that adolescent perception
influenced maternal perception when adolescents had no clinical internalizing behaviour
problems and when mothers had higher education.

Conclusion:

Anxious/depressive adolescents may hide victimization incidents, while those
with no problems probably reveal these incidents to the mother. Considering that maternal
low education is an indicator of low socioeconomic status, which is associated with multiple
stressors, less educated mothers may be more likely to interpret these incidents as a common
part of growing-up.
Granzyme B and miR-378a Interaction in Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children
Authors: McCullough Sandra , Dweep Harsh , McGill Mitchell R. , Bhattacharyya Sudeepa , James Laura , Frankowski Sara , Woodall Aaron , Kearns Gregory , Gill Pritmohinder
Published: August 2019

Background and Aim:

Hepatic phase I drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP2E1, CYP1A2
and CYP3A4 catalyze the biotransformation of Acetaminophen (APAP) and are important in the
mediation of toxicity. The potential role of other hepatic and non-hepatic Phase I enzymes in APAP
toxicity has not been established.

Methods:

PCR array containing 84 genes involved in phase I drug metabolism was examined in subgroups
of hospitalized children for APAP overdose, categorized as no toxicity (ALT ≤ 45 IU/L, n=5)
and moderate toxicity (ALT ≥ 500 IU/L, n=5).

Results:

Significant downregulation was observed for ALDH6A1, CYP4F12 and GZMB in the no
toxicity subgroup and ALDH1A1, CYP27A1 and GZMB in the moderate toxicity subgroup. qRTPCR
confirmed significant downregulation for ALDH1A1, CYP4F12, and GZMB. In-silico analysis
identified GZMB 3’UTR to be a target of miR-378a-5p. Overexpression of miR-378a-5p reduced the
luciferase activity of GZMB 3’UTR reporter plasmid reportedly by 50%. NK-92 cells transfected
with the miR-378a-5p mimic extended the effect of APAP on GZMB protein expression compared to
mimic controls. In addition, miR-378a-5p was significantly upregulated in blood samples of children
with APAP overdose undergoing NAC treatment.

Conclusion:

Overall, our study suggests the presence of a novel signaling pathway, whereby miR-
378a-5p inhibits GZMB expression in children with APAP overdose.
Method of frequency-phase detection used in ADC based on PLL circuit
Authors: Magerramov R. V.
Published: August 2019

The phase‑locked loop (PLL) is an integral part of many electronic products in modern electronics and radio engineering, which is used to form and process analog and digital signals. One of the non‑standard applications of the PLL circuit is to implement an analog voltage‑to‑pulse converter. This application of the PLL circuit allows you to create an analog‑to‑digital converter (ADC) with high resolution, and the implementation features of the PLL circuit can provide a number of advantages, such as high noise immunity, compensation for the errors of passive elements, operation in a wide temperature range, etc. The accuracy of the conversion in such a device depends on both the separately designed blocks of the PLL circuit and the parameters of the system as a whole. The paper discusses the implementation of a digital frequency‑phase detector (FFD) operating in the range from 0 to 2p. The basis of his work is the method of frequency‑phase detection, which reduces the time of transients in the PLL circuit, and also eliminates the detection of coherent and multiple frequencies of the reference signal.
Analysis of the quality of test instrument and students’ accounting learning competencies at vocational school
Authors: Kurniawan Nur Ichsanuddin Achmad , Munadi Sudji
Published: August 2019

The study is aimed at describing: (1) characteristics of the items of the national examination try-out test of the accounting subject matter in the 2015/2016 academic year on classical test theory and modern test theory; and (2) classification of students’ masteries in the learning of accounting. The study is explorative research. Analyses are conducted using the classical and modern test theories for item characteristics and descriptive quantitative for students’ masteries in accounting using the test set for the national examination try-out in the 2015/2016 academic year. A total of 414 students do the Package A test. Results show that (1) based on the classical test analyses, a number of 11 items (27.5%) belong to the “easy” category, 22 items (55%) “medium” category, and 7 items (17.5%) “difficult” category allowing a total of 19 (47.5%) to be categorized as good items; meanwhile, on the modern-theory analyses, a total of 34 items (85%) belong to the “good” category. (2) Around 38% of the students have competencies of the medium and low categories. Most students have difficulty in answering questions of the higher-order thinking levels.
A Culturally Adapted Cognitive Behavioral Internet-Delivered Intervention for Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salamanca-Sanabria Alicia , Richards Derek , Timulak Ladislav , Connell Sarah , Mojica Perilla Monica , Parra-Villa Yamilena , Castro-Camacho Leonidas
Published: August 2019

Background

Internet-delivered treatments for depressive symptoms have proved to be successful in high-income Western countries. There may be potential for implementing such treatments in low- and middle-income countries such as Colombia, where access to mental health services is limited.

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a culturally adapted cognitive behavioral internet-delivered treatment for college students with depressive symptoms in Colombia.

Methods

This was a randomized controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. The program comprised seven modules. A total of 214 Colombian college students were recruited. They were assessed and randomly assigned to either the treatment group (n=107) or a waiting list (WL) control group (n=107). Participants received weekly support from a trained supporter. The primary outcome was symptoms of depression, as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire - 9, and the secondary outcomes were anxiety symptoms assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire - 7. Other measures, including satisfaction with treatment, were evaluated after 7 weeks.

Results

Research attrition and treatment dropouts were high in this study. On average, 7.6 sessions were completed per user. The mean time spent on the program was 3 hours and 18 min. The linear mixed model (LMM) showed significant effects after treatment (t197.54=−5.189; P<.001) for the treatment group, and these effects were maintained at the 3-month follow-up (t39.62=4.668; P<.001). Within-group results for the treatment group yielded a large effect size post treatment (d=1.44; P<.001), and this was maintained at the 3-month follow-up (d=1.81; P<.001). In addition, the LMM showed significant differences between the groups (t197.54=−5.189; P<.001). The results showed a large effect size between the groups (d=0.91; P<.001). In the treatment group, 76.0% (16/107) achieved a reliable change, compared with 32.0% (17/107) in the WL control group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (X22=10.5; P=.001).

Conclusions

This study was the first contribution to investigating the potential impact of a culturally adapted internet-delivered treatment on depressive symptoms for college students as compared with a WL control group in South America. Future research should focus on identifying variables associated both with premature dropout and treatment withdrawal at follow-up.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03062215; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03062215
Health Care Management Models for the Evolution of Hospitalization in Acute Inpatient Psychiatry Units: Comparative Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Góngora Alonso Susel , Sainz-De-Abajo Beatriz , De la Torre-Díez Isabel , Franco-Martin Manuel
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Mental health disorders are a problem that affects patients, their families, and the professionals who treat them. Hospital admissions play an important role in caring for people with these diseases due to their effect on quality of life and the high associated costs. In Spain, at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, a new disease management model is being implemented, consisting of not admitting patients with mental diseases to the hospital. Instead, they are supervised in sheltered apartments or centers for patients with these types of disorders.

OBJECTIVE

The main goal of this research is to evaluate the evolution of hospital days of stay of patients with mental disorders in different hospitals in a region of Spain, to analyze the impact of the new hospital management model.

METHODS

For the development of this study, a database of patients with mental disorders was used, taking into account the acute inpatient psychiatry unit of 11 hospitals in a region of Spain. SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp), was used to calculate statistical values related to hospital days of stay of patients. The data included are from the periods of 2005-2011 and 2012-2015.

RESULTS

After analyzing the results, regarding the days of stay in the different health care complexes for the period between 2005 and 2015, we observed that since 2012 at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, the total number of days of stay were reduced by 64.69%. This trend is due to the implementation of a new hospital management model in this health complex.

CONCLUSIONS

With the application of a new hospital management model at the Healthcare Complex of Zamora, the number of days of stay of patients with mental diseases as well as the associated hospital costs were considerably reduced.
Association of Acute Increases in Plasma Creatinine after Renin-Angiotensin Blockade with Subsequent Outcomes
Authors: Fu Edouard L. , Trevisan Marco , Clase Catherine M. , Evans Marie , Lindholm Bengt , Rotmans Joris I. , van Diepen Merel , Dekker Friedo W. , Carrero Juan-Jesus
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives

Data from observational and interventional studies provide discordant results regarding the relationship between creatinine increase after renin-angiotensin system inhibition (RASi) and adverse outcomes. We compared health outcomes among patients with different categories of increase in creatinine upon initiation of RASi in a large population-based cohort.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a retrospective analysis of the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements database, which contains complete information on diagnoses, medication dispensation claims, and laboratory test results for all Stockholm citizens accessing health care. Included were 31,951 adults initiating RASi during 2007–2011 with available pre- and postinitiation creatinine monitoring. Multivariable Cox regression was used to compare mortality, cardiovascular and ESKD events among individuals with different ranges of creatinine increases within 2 months after starting treatment.

Results

In a median follow-up of 3.5 years, acute increases in creatinine were associated with mortality (3202 events) in a graded manner: compared with creatinine increases <10%, a 10%–19% increase showed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.05 to 1.27); HR 1.22 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.40) for 20%–29%; HR 1.55 (95% CI, 1.36 to 1.77) for ≥30%. Similar graded associations were present for heart failure (2275 events, P<0.001) and ESKD (52 events; P<0.001), and, less consistently, myocardial infarction (842 events, P=0.25). Results were robust across subgroups, among continuing users, when patients with decreases in creatinine were excluded from the reference group, and after accounting for death as a competing risk.

Conclusions

Among real-world monitored adults, increases in creatinine (>10%) after initiation of RASi are associated with worse health outcomes. These results do not address the issue of discontinuation of RASi when plasma creatinine increases but do suggest that patients with increases in creatinine have higher subsequent risk of cardiovascular and kidney outcomes.
Inmigración reciente de colombianos y colombianas en Chile:
Authors: Gissi Barbieri Emiliano Nicolás , Pinto Baleisan Carolina , Rodríguez Francisca
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this article is to explore how Colombian migrants live their first years in Santiago de Chile and contribute to the process of building plural societies. The research shows how the concepts of social imaginary and otherness are useful to study recent migratory processes. Colombian immigration - in the context of South-South migration - is particularly complex given its association with phenomena such as drug trafficking and violence, as well as due to the "racial" and socioeconomic heterogeneity of its participants. On the basis of semi-structured interviews, this work shows that Colombians tend to incorporate themselves quickly and satisfactorily into work and social spaces in Santiago, but their experiences and expectations about "living as a Chilean" differ according to the socioeconomic level, the relationships they establish with others and their experiences of stereotypes, discrimination and racism in Chile.
Drones y epidemologia:
Authors: Maureira Marco , Seebach Sween , Torrejón Cano Pedro
Published: August 2019

This article wants to study drones as a new dispositive of bio-surveillance. The extension and speed of the expansion of infective diseases in a globalised society in which local outbreaks can quickly affect society all over the world makes new forms of bio-surveillance necessary. We have discovered in drones a new bio-dispositive that despite providing new forms and techniques of control reshapes the lines between sick and healthy and between subjects of control and others. In order to analyse the new role of drones, the article will take a look into the past and reflect on the impact of drones in global bio-surveillance, evaluating the opportunities and risks of this new dispositive of power in the field of surveillance.
Controversias del uso de agua potable fluorada
Authors: Quinteros Cáceres María Elisa
Published: August 2019

One of the most effective public health measures for controlling the caries has been the drinking water fluoridation. Usually, drinking water contains fluor to reduce caries incidence. In 90s, Chile started a debate about the legitimation of the utilization of drinking water fluoride in whole population and the effects that fluor has on the body, creating a polemic about this policy. The goal of this paper is to explore the controversy between the use of fluoridate drinking water for reducing caries like public health policy, from the point of view of Actor-Network theory. Experts and people of community do not agree about the effectiveness of this measure because of the lack of permission of consumer or the potential negative effects in the human health.
Investigating the Relationship Between Type 2 Diabetes and Dementia Using Electronic Medical Records in the GoDARTS Bioresource
Authors: Doney Alex S.F. , Bonney Wilfred , Jefferson Emily , Walesby Katherine E. , Bittern Rachel , Trucco Emanuele , Connelly Peter , McCrimmon Rory J. , Palmer Colin N.A.
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the impact of type 2 diabetes on incidence of major dementia subtypes, Alzheimer and vascular dementia, using electronic medical records (EMR) in the GoDARTS bioresource.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

GoDARTS (Genetics of Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside Scotland) comprises a large case-control study of type 2 diabetes with longitudinal follow-up in EMR. Dementia case subjects after recruitment were passively identified in the EMR, and using a combination of case note review, an Alzheimer-specific weighted genetic risk score (wGRS), and APOE4 genotype, we validated major dementia subtypes. We undertook a retrospective matched cohort study to determine the risk of type 2 diabetes status for incident dementia accounting for competing risk of death.

RESULTS

Type 2 diabetes status was associated with a significant risk of any dementia (cause-specific hazard ratio [csHR] 1.46, 95% CI 1.31–1.64), which was attenuated, but still significant, when competing risk of death was accounted for (subdistribution [sd]HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.41). The accuracy of EMR-defined cases of Alzheimer or vascular dementia was high—positive predictive value (PPV) 86.4% and PPV 72.8%, respectively—and wGRS significantly predicted Alzheimer dementia (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.12–1.34) but not vascular dementia (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.91–1.15). Conversely, type 2 diabetes was strongly associated with vascular dementia (csHR 2.47, 95% C 1.92–3.18) but not Alzheimer dementia, particularly after competing risk of death was accounted for (sdHR 1.02, 95% CI 0.87–1.18).

CONCLUSIONS

Our study indicates that type 2 diabetes is associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia but not with an increased risk of Alzheimer dementia and highlights the potential value of bioresources linked to EMR to study dementia.
O/a professor/a e os espelhos da pesquisa educacional
Authors: Bragança Ines
Published: August 2019

Com um olhar dirigido à literatura educacional, apresentamos alguns “espelhos” que procuram delinear imagens sobre o/a professor/a e seu trabalho. São muitos os discursos e metáforas que buscam definir o trabalho docente, mas em que momento os/as professores/as são ouvidos sobre a constituição cotidiana de sua profissionalidade? Nessa perspectiva, destacaremos indícios sobre as possibilidades da abordagem (auto)biográfica como um caminho em que professores/as sejam convidados a narrar os percursos e sentidos de sua trajetória pessoal/profissional.
Análise de WebQuests em língua portuguesa disponíveis online: aspectos relativos à qualidade dos componentes e da usabilidade
Authors: Bottentuit Junior João , Coutinho Clara
Published: August 2019

Resumo: Uma WebQuest é um modelo extremamente simples e rico para utilizar o potencial educativo da Web, com fundamento na aprendizagem colaborativa e nos processos de investigação para a construção do saber, que conta hoje com milhares de propostas de educadores das mais diversas partes do mundo. No entanto, muitas das WebQuests disponibilizadas online não obedecem a padrões mínimos de qualidade ao nível das componentes e da usabilidade, ou então mais não são do que simples folhas de exercícios ou “WebExercises”. Neste artigo foram recenseadas e analisadas 483 WebQuests em língua portuguesa que estavam disponibilizadas online entre Julho e Outubro de 2007. A avaliação incidiu sobre as componentes e sobre alguns indicadores associados à usabilidade. Os resultados revelam que, no que concerne a componentes, as maiores falhas estão na tarefa, nos recursos e na avaliação e, a nível da usabilidade, a maior falha a assinalar é a ausência do “menu” em muitas dos exemplares analisados. Verificou-se ainda que apenas 41% eram verdadeiras WebQuests, constituindo as restantes simples “WebExercises” com atividades rotineiras que não levam o aluno a tirar partido do potencial da Web para a construção do saber.
Qualidade na educação e a ideia de uma formação pública
Authors: Silva Vandré
Published: August 2019

A partir da análise do uso aparentemente consensual e preponderante do termo “qualidade” no campo educacional, este artigo discute os termos de uma alegada medida da qualidade e a concepção subjacente que localiza a educação como uma prática marcada por um caráter exclusivamente utilitário ante as demandas e as necessidades de uma sociedade de consumo. A essa visão meramente instrumental, opõe-se a vocação de uma educação escolar pública que reconhece a natalidade e a iniciação no mundo humano como seu fundamento e assume a responsabilidade por esse mundo a partir de uma herança pública e comum. Nessa perspectiva, uma formação escolar pública angaria uma dupla responsabilidade: a preservação das tradições de conhecimento e formas de vida de um mundo preexistente – do qual os recém-chegados vão apropriando-se – e a possibilidade de agir politicamente sobre esse mundo, renovando-o, ao invés de a ele apenas se conformar.
Qualidade e educação superior no Brasil e o desafio da inclusão social na perspectiva epistemológica e ética
Authors: Cunha Maria , Pinto Marialva
Published: August 2019

O texto aborda as questões relacionadas à educação superior, incluindo os desafios para a definição de critérios de qualidade, no contexto brasileiro. A demanda populacional por oportunidades educacionais vem provocando movimentos e mudanças em todos os níveis educativos. Se a expansão das matrículas se constitui numa importante ação política em prol da inclusão, o mesmo acontece com necessidade de rever as práticas pedagógicas tradicionais, pois elas são portadoras das concepções valorativas e ideológicas do campo educacional. Na emergência de provocar inovações, compreendemos que elas representam uma ruptura com a forma tradicional de ensinar e aprender; envolvem a gestão participativa, a reconfiguração dos saberes e a reorganização da relação teoria/prática, incorporando a dimensão de processo, que explicitaria a dimensão da qualidade da educação superior.
Profissionalidade docente: uma análise a partir das relações constituintes entre os professores e a escola
Authors: Ambrosetti Neusa , Almeida Patrícia
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar a constituição da profissionalidade de docentes de ensino fundamental no espaço escolar, buscando compreender as relações constituintes entre os sujeitos e a instituição no processo de tornar-se professor. Para tanto, utilizou-se dois grupos focais constituídos por professoras das séries iniciais. A composição dos dois grupos baseou-se em algumas características balanceadas, entre homogêneas e heterogêneas, das docentes. Os dados permitiram discutir que as injunções institucionais e as relações com os alunos, pares e equipe de gestão promovem uma reconfiguração das concepções iniciais da profissão, que vai se delineando em diversas formas de identificação profissional.
Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Konsumen Menggunakan Kartu Kredit di Mall Semarang
Authors: Wibowo Calvin Suryo , Athanasius Sentot Suciarto
Published: August 2019

This research aimed to know and analyze what factors affect the decision in using credit card and to know which factor was the most dominant in purchase decision using credit card of Paragon City Mall consumers in Semarang City. Research method conducted was quantative research, which variables measured by questionnaires by Likert scale. Data collection was conducted with list of questions or questionnaires. Data processing used SPSS software version 19, with factor analysis. Research result showed that 5 factors which influenced purchase decision using credit card mall consumers, namely transaction and promotion factor, credit card advantage factor, extra factor, having credit card factor, and prestige factor. The dominant factor among five factors was transaction and promotion factor which consisted variables easing transaction, discount in transaction, buy one get one, and point from transaction.
Sexual Violence towards Men: Sexual Violence Judging from Individual Factors of Victims
Authors: Sosialita Tiara Diah
Published: August 2019

This study aims to explore the gender characteristics of the victims of sexual violence, so thatcomprehensive understanding about determinants of sexual violence can be obtained. Gender characteristics allow society to evaluate gender as part of their social role that is devised and related to particular public view that men are seen as an individual with more physical strength and responsibility than women in many various contexts. This study involved five men as victims of sexual violence whom experienced it by their partner in context of intimate relationship. Data collecting used Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) questionnaire within in-depth interview. Result of this study was useful to provide a comprehensive description of mental dynamics according to the occurence of sexual violence. An understanding of sexual violence predictors was expected to reveal the phenomena of sexual violence towards men whereas lack of awareness in our society. Thus, considering the mental dynamics of sexual violence victim was headed us to be able to repeal the stigma related men and masculinity term. Result also revealed that sexual violence have been affected their identity and sexual activities. As the fact about this study, the existence of support system around them was an important help for them to deal and heal their conditon.
Midwife’s Role in The Implementation of The Health Minister’s Regulation Number 66 of 2014 Through Stimulation, Early Detection and Intervention Activities to Child’s Growth Disruption at Public Health Centers of Yogyakarta City
Authors: Yanti Ni Luh Gede Wira , Widyorini Endang , Nurhayati Bernadeta Resti
Published: August 2019

Every child had the rights to survive, grow, and well develop to perfect adulthood.However, many children with special needs were factually ignored by their families even theywere often considered as family’s disgrace. The government, through midwives, could play arole in minimising the risks experienced by children with special needs by doing stimulation,early detection and intervention to child’s growth disruption.This research usedsocio‐legal approach with the analytical‐descriptive specification. Primarydata were obtained from interviews with Head of Health Centers (Puskesmas) of Mergangsan,Jetis and Tegalrejo beside with midwives, integrated service post (posyandu) cadres, and fiveparents of children with special needs. Secondary data were obtained from books and legalmaterials related to the research. The data were then qualitatively analysed.The results showed that the three Health Centers (Puskesmas), namelyMergangsan, Jetis andTegalrejo, had implemented the Health Minister’s Regulation Nr. 66 of 2014. The HealthCenters had programs having relations with child’s growth that was SDIDTK (stimulation, earlydetection and intervention of growth disruption). Midwives had performed their roles instimulation, early detection and intervention of growth disruption thorough examination thatwas monthly conducted together with posyandu’s activities at the Health Centers.Supporting factors of the monitoring implementation of a child’s growth, development anddevelopment disruption included health care facilities, adequate human resources (healthworkers), affordable posyandu’s costs and cross‐sectorial cooperation. The inhibiting factorswere low‐income family’s supports, unfavourable social and economic conditions and mother'sknowledge that remained poor.
Hospital Responsibility for Release of Medical Information of to Claim The Insurance in Telogorejo Hospital Semarang
Authors: Suyoko Suyoko , Sarwo Budi , Kuntjoro Tjahjono
Published: August 2019

Hospitals are responsible to establish the patients’ medical information. However, in reality they should encounter conflicts with the third party who represents the patients to get the medical information, such as the insurance company. This research aims to discover about hospital’s responsibility in establishing patients’ medical information as a proof to claim the insurance and the problems that should be encountered by the hospital in carrying out the responsibility.This research was conducted in Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang. It implements juridical sociology approach with analytical description. The primary and secondary data were gathered from observation result, interview result, and questionnaires analyzed using the qualitative-descriptive method.The result shows that from legal aspect, Telogorejo Hospital has agreed to give the insurance companies which have partnership-relation the access to the patients’ medical information.Whereas for the insurance company which has no partnership-relation with the hospital, the medical information is given after getting the permission from the patients. It is also found out that the patients’ right for reimbursement claim has not yet been given at its best because the filling of the patients’ medical information has not satisfied the minimum, relevant, and adequate principals, so if it causes some disadvantages to the patients, the hospital is legally responsible following the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Article 46 Act Number 44 Year 2009 about Hospital based on the principle of Vicarius Liability. Nevertheless, there is no claim from the injured party. The criminal responsibility aspect of Telogorejo Hospital has protected the confidentiality of the medical information, so the implementation does not contradict with Article 322 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Indonesia. From the administrative responsibility, Telogorejo Hospital can be expected to be responsible according to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Article 29 verse 2 Act Number 44 Year 2009 about hospital because Telogorejo Hospital has not optimally implemented the fulfillment of the patients’ right for the medical information. Besides that, the government has not fully monitored and given proper guidance to the hospitals. The other findings are the internal factors which include the incomplete medical records and the external factors, such as the lack of understanding about medical information by the third party, such as the insurance company, and the regulation of medical information release also affect the hospital responsibility.