bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geomorphological heritage and identification of potential geomorphosites in the municipality of Ubajara - CE/Brazil
Authors: Sobrinho José Falcão , Fernandes Nayane Barros Sousa , Falcão Cleire Lima Costa
Published: December 2024

Geomorphosites are defined by relief features in which a value is assigned and have varied dimensions. In order to identify the potential geomorphosites of the municipality of Ubajara - CE, these were identified from a preliminary evaluation, considering the parameters of rarity, representativeness, cultural, aesthetic and ecological relevance, scientific knowledge, as well as the characterization of physical aspects and through field work based on the methodology of Santos et al., (2020). The geomorphosites proposed by this study were two, which are spatially classified as geomorphological complexes and relief shape groups, which when delimited and described evidence the potentialities and Geodiversity of the municipality
Acute Suppurative Thyroiditis Caused by Gemella Morbillorum: A Case Report
Authors: Brunetti Alessandro , Cipri Claudia , Sartor Assunta , Bergamin-Bracale Anna Maria , Manso Jacopo , Vescini Fabio
Published: December 2024

Background:

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare form of thyroid inflammation
prevalently of bacterial origin that usually affects subjects with risk factors such as immunodeficiency,
sepsis, and neck fistulas. The most prevalent pathogens associated with AST are gram--
positive aerobic bacteria, followed by gram-negatives, while infections by anaerobic germs are exceptionally
rare. Gemella morbillorum is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive bacterium that commonly
populates the upper respiratory tract. Infections by Gemella Morbillorum have been previously
documented in different regions (i.e., lung, brain, bone, liver), but never in the thyroid.

Case presentation:

An 18-year-old male with no previous medical history presented to the emergency
department complaining of a rapidly enlarging painful neck mass in left anterior latero-cervical
region progressively worsening over the last two weeks, accompanied by dysphagia and fever.
Blood tests showed the presence of thyroiditis (suppressed TSH with increased free thyroxine,
elevated inflammation markers and neutrophilic leucocytosis). Neck ultrasonography and CT
showed a large abscess involving the left thyroid lobe and extending to the ipsilateral laterocervical
region, suggesting the diagnosis of AST. Prompt antibiotic therapy was started and subsequent
surgical drainage of the abscess was performed, resulting in a rapid clinical recovery and the restoration
of normal thyroid function. The bacterial culture of the abscess showed exclusively the presence
of Gemella morbillorum.

Conclusion:

We present the first documented case of AST caused by Gemella morbillorum in an
otherwise healthy young man. Although rare, AST in immunocompetent patients is possible;
prompt diagnosis and treatment of this condition are fundamental to avoid severe complications.
GSTP Polymorphism of GSTP1 (rs1695) and its Potential Association with Dental Caries in the Tamil Population
Authors: Sivakumar Kaniha , Subbiah Usha
Published: December 2024

Background:

Dental caries result from the demineralization of enamel or dentin
caused by acids produced by cariogenic oral bacteria. The Glutathione S-transferase
P1 (GSTP1) is a prominent member of the GST family, and it exhibits several genetic
polymorphisms, with rs1695 being the most common variant.

Aim:

Our study is to investigate the relationship between GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism
and the susceptibility to dental caries.

Objective:

The study focused on understanding the relationship between GSTP1 rs1695
polymorphisms and susceptibility to dental caries in the Tamil population.

Methods:

SNPs in the GSTP1 missense variant rs1695 (A/G) were analysed by PCR
RFLP. The study group included 100 dental caries with (DMFT >5) and 100 healthy controls
(DMFT=0). Further analysis of the impact of the GSTP1 wild-type gene with the
rs1695 variant on mRNA's secondary structure was conducted using in silico prediction
tools.

Results:

The results showed a significant frequency distribution of the heterozygous AG
genotype (P<0.05). While the genotypic distribution of GSTP1 remained consistent with
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) in the control group (p-value > 0.05), it deviated
from HWE in the caries group. The free energy of the thermodynamic ensemble for the
rs1695 variant was calculated to be -186.20 kcal/mol. This lower free energy, compared
to the wild-type, indicates that the variant is more stable.

Conclusion:

Our findings indicate that GSTP1 rs1695 variants could enhance susceptibility
to dental caries by suggesting genetic load as a possible risk factor. However, additional
functional research and larger studies are required to confirm these results.
The Addition of Silica Nanoparticles to Type IV Dental Stone: Influence on the Diagonal Tensile Strength
Authors: Jafarabadi Sara Haji , Torab Ali , Rezaei Yashar , Radesh Parsa , Fahimi Mahsa , Hamedirad Fahimeh , Dizaj Solmaz Maleki
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Various methods have been studied to improve the properties of dental
stones; one of them is adding nanoparticles to dental stones. In this study, the effect of adding different
percentages of silica nanoparticles (0.5, 1, 2, and 5) on the diagonal tensile strength of dental
stone type IV was investigated.

Materials and Methods:

Silica nanoparticles with percentages of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 physically were
mixed with dental stone type IV and then with distilled water according to the factory's instructions
(23 ml to 100 g at 23°C). The diagonal tensile strength was measured using a Universal Testing
Machine. In order to compare the diagonal tensile strength in different groups, ONE WAY
ANOVA test and SPSS.26 software were used. The significance level was considered 0.05.

Results:

The addition of silica nanoparticles to dental stone type IV had no effects on the diagonal
tensile strength of this material (P = 0.237).

Conclusion:

It can be concluded that adding silica nanoparticles does not negatively affect the diagonal
tensile strength, and all concentrations performed similarly. This suggests that any of these
concentrations can be used without concern for changes in tensile strength. However, further investigation
is needed to evaluate the impact on other properties.
Controlled Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts and Rationale
Authors: Prajapati Vipul D. , Shrivastav Princy , Suthar Kavita
Published: December 2024

Modern pharmaceutical research and development has evolved to rely
heavily on controlled drug delivery systems because they provide creative ways to
improve therapeutic results while reducing side effects. The underlying ideas and
justification for controlled drug delivery systems are covered in detail in this chapter.
Beginning with a discussion of the drawbacks of conventional drug delivery techniques
and the benefits of controlled release, the chapter explains the need for controlled drug
delivery systems in modern medicine. The requirements for the design and formulation
of controlled drug delivery systems have also been discussed in the chapter. The
concepts of controlled drug release, which cover a variety of mechanisms, including
diffusion, erosion, and osmosis, take up a sizeable section of the chapter. Additionally,
emphasis is put on the function that mathematical modeling plays in predicting and
optimizing drug release characteristics. It examines the wide spectrum of therapeutic
uses for controlled drug administration, such as the treatment of chronic pain, cancer,
diabetes, and other chronic disorders. The chapter also illuminates the future trends of
such drug delivery systems like nanotechnology, personalized medicines, and
advancements in medical devices. It also explores regulatory aspects and challenges
involved in the design and commercialization of these systems, placing emphasis on
the necessity of stringent quality control and safety evaluations. In conclusion, this
chapter is a useful resource for researchers, scientists, and medical experts who want to
understand underlying ideas and justifications of controlled drug delivery systems.
Polymers: Backbone of Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Shahare Shweta H. , Shahare Hitesh V. , Baste Nayana S. , Mundada Atish S.
Published: December 2024

The concept of a drug-delivery system (DDS) is not entirely new. Recent
years have undoubtedly seen notable advancements in the identification and
management of several illnesses. Medication administration to affected areas is an
important part of DDS. A sufficient number of drug carriers are required to deliver an
adequate amount of drug to the lesion. Polymers that expand and condense in reaction
to pH levels outside of the body are being studied by researchers. The investigation is
being carried out at a breakneck pace all over the world. Not only are advances in
traditional technologies being made but innovations are also being developed and
tested. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss a few of the polymer compounds that
are utilized in controlled medication delivery systems. Both newcomers and scientists
working in this fascinating field of applied polymer research will find the paper to be a
valuable resource.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Kulkarni Deepak A. , Sherkar Rushikesh S. , Kudhekar Avinash K. , Shirsathe Chaitali S. , Lahoti Swaroop R.
Published: December 2024

Administration through the oral route is the most accessible and preferred
due to its many advantages. Most of the drugs administered orally show poor bioavailability due to less residing time at the gastric absorption site. To boost the
bioavailability of such drugs, it is important to extend the residing time of the drug in
the upper GIT, which can be achieved by using gastroretentive drug delivery systems
(GRDDS). There are multiple conventional and advanced gastroretentive systems
based on various mechanisms, namely high-density systems, floating systems,
magnetic systems, mucoadhesive systems, expandable systems, raft-forming systems,
and many more. Novel techniques like 3D printing technology are also an emerging
approach in the fabrication of GRDDS. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are used
for the analysis of GRDDS, like buoyancy time, gastroscopy, scintigraphy,
ultrasonography, etc. This chapter is the comprehensive literature exploring GRDDS,
including various principles in the fabrication of GRDDS, techniques of preparation of
GRDDS, polymers used in the fabrication of GRDDS, evaluation of GRDDS,
application of 3D printing in GRDDS, and patent scenario.
A Clinical Study to evaluate the therapeutic effect of Akulyaabdadi Kashaya in Madhumeha (Type-II Diabetes Mellitus)
Authors: Pavitra Malik
Published: December 2024

Introduction: In 2024 approximately 540 million adults (20-70 years) are living with diabetes as per data of IDF (international diabetes Federation). WHO states that diabetes will be 7th leading cause of death by 2030. Ayurveda says Madhumeha is a variety of Vataja Parmeha where the patient passes the urine with sweetness and astringency. The main symptoms involved are Prabhoota Mootrata (excessive urination) and Avila-Mootrata (non-transparency of urine). The major cause of disease is sedentary lifestyle and indulgence in Kapha-Medakar Aahara along with Divaswapana (day sleeping), avoidance of any form of exercise, hence indicating Santarpanjanya origin of disease. Methods: Akulyaabdadi Kashaya, the first Kashaya mentioned in Pramehahara Kashayas if Sahasrayoga is taken for single blind clinical study on 30 patients and the efficacy is established post 30-days of treatment. Results: During the study, it was found that signs and symptoms like polyuria, turbidity in urine, polyphagia, excessive thirst, burning sensation and numbness in feet, weakness, excessive sweating and lassitude were significantly reduced and Akulyaabdadi Kashaya, the trial drug was found highly significant at 0.1% level with p- value <0.001 to improve the FBS, PPBS, urine glucose (FUS & PPUS) and  establishes it as a good treatment of Diabetes as a long term drug.
A Critical Review on Stress Management through Ayurveda
Authors: Prachi Sinha
Published: December 2024

In today's competitive society, everyone is rushing about day and night to be the greatest in their own terms. There are a lot of demands, goals, chores, deadlines, frustrations, and annoyances in life that results into the various stress related disorders like hypertension, irritable bowel syndrome and behavioral disorders like Oppositional defiant disorder, Conduct disorder, Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Stress is a state of worries or mental tension caused by a difficult situation. Both the body and the psyche are impacted by stress. Stress in moderation can be beneficial and even useful in carrying out daily tasks. But excessive stress can leads to problems with mental and physical health. In ayurveda stress is referred to as a root cause of Krodha. Krodha arises due to practice of Raktakopak Nidan which vitiate Raja Guna causing stress. Ayurveda emphasize on maintaining a healthy balance between mind and body. Today's altered human lifestyle is interfering with the balance and is a major source of stress. A balanced diet, yoga, meditation, and physical activity may be helpful in reducing stress. It purges on all levels - physical, mental, and emotional - and is similar to rejuvenation. Ayurvedic management for stress include Nidanparivarjan, Yoga, Nidra, Dincharya, Rritucharya, Sadvrut, Naishthiki Chikitsa (Satvavajaya Chikitsa) and Aushadh Sevan.
Need of Rasayana Karma in Kushta Roga
Authors: G. Vinay Mohan  , Dhanya PR  , Jyoti Ashok Belavi
Published: December 2024

Skin is the largest organ of the body. The primary function of the skin is protection. It protects the body from external factors such as bacteria, chemicals, and temperature. In Ayurveda, the word Twak is the synonym for the skin. The term Twak is derived from the word ‘Twacha Samvarane’, which means covering.[1] According to Acharya Charaka, Twacha is the Mula of Mamsavaha Srotas[2] and is the Upadhatu of Mamsadhatu.[3] The treatment of Kushta involves Shodhana and Shamana revolving around the concept of Vyadhihara Rasayana. Rasayana Chikitsa is indicated for Swastha as well as Atura just similar to Panchakarma therapy. The effectiveness of the Vyadhihara Rasayana is accelerated if done following the Shodhana Karma.
Understanding the concept of Sandhigata Vata through Samprapti and Shatkriya Kala
Authors: Keshav Asiwal  , Man Mohan Sharma  , Ved Prakash  , Neha Bishnoi
Published: December 2024

The illness known as Sandhigata Vata is prevalent in both industrialised and developing nations. Rarely, the illness results in fatality as well as mild, moderate, or severe morbidity. Problems are becoming more common place these days as a result of dietary and lifestyle changes, as well as social and cultural shifts and travel. Sandhigata Vata is detailed in all Samhitas, according to Ayurveda. Sandhigata Vata is the ailment that Acharya Charak described separately. A major phenomenon in the Samprapti of Sandhigata Vata is the problem of Sandhis, as described by Prakupita Vata. The most prevalent type of joint problem in older and obese people is Sandhigata Vata. It is a primary contributor to morbidity and disability. This condition develops slowly and can lead to deformities and loss of function in joints, particularly weight bearing joints like the knee joint.
Effect of Panchavalkaladi Taila Yoni Pichu in the management of Paripluta Yoni Vyapad w.s.r. to Pelvic Inflammatory Disease - A Review Article
Authors: Astha jain  , Sucheta Ray  , Ekta Singh Parihar  , Priyanka Hajare
Published: December 2024

Health is an important factor that contributes to human well-being and economic growth. Wisdom, art, strength and wealth are no use if health is lacking. Nidation of seed will grow only in satisfactory environment. Creation of good offspring highly depends on the woman’s reproductive health. Yoni Shuddhta is one among the major essential for a healthy offspring. Twenty types of Yoni Vyapad mentioned as the major cause of disease of the female reproductive tract. Paripluta Yoni Vyapad is one of them and in this, Vata and Pitta Dosha is considered the primary cause. It can be correlated with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. PID is a disease of the upper genital tract.  The main clinical features of Pelvic inflammatory disease are purulent vaginal discharge with foul smell, fever, pelvic pain and dyspareunia. It affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Delayed management of PID may result in higher rates of miscarriage, chronic pelvic pain, STD, progressive organ damage and long-term reproductive disability due to its recurrence. There is a need to solve this emerging problem. In modern medicine antimicrobials, analgesics, NSAIDs are often prescribed in the treatment of Pelvic inflammatory disease which can be cause of many sides effect as headache, dizziness, drowsiness etc. So, the proper solution is made to find the safe and curative remedy in the form of Panchvalkaladi Tail Yoni Pichu for Paripluta Yoni Vyapad.
A critical review on Shwasahara Mahakashaya in relation to Tamaka Shwasa
Authors: Ankit Ashok Rathi  , Pradeep Shivram Pawar
Published: December 2024

India is having rapid expansion, development and urbanization resulting into   increased pollution levels leading to rise in respiratory illness. Bronchial asthma is one of the chronic respiratory diseases. Acharya Charaka has described five types of Shwasa Roga, Tamaka Shwasa is one of them. Charaka has elaborated etiopathogenesis, clinical features and treatment of Tamaka Shwasa. Shwasahara Mahakashaya is one of the unique composition of drugs explained by Acharya Charaka. It consists of ten Dravya’s, most of them tend to have Vata-Kaphaghna properties. Vitiated Vata- Kapha Dosha are responsible factors for pathogenesis of Tamaka Shwasa. The researches on pharmacological effect of this Dravya have shown Anti-inflammatory, Anti-histaminic, Anti-asthmatic properties.
A comparative study of Guda Sharira with contemporary knowledge of Anatomy
Authors: Shailendra Singh Sengar  , Sapna Upadhyay  , Ankita Chitragupt
Published: December 2024

The science of life aims all alleviations of diseases as well as maintenance and promotion of good health. But in today’s era due to sedentary life style and less physical activities, frequency of several diseases and disorder has increased. According to literature, the incidence of anorectal diseases in the general population is 5-15%.[1] The incidence of anorectal diseases during pregnancy may increase upto 4½.[2] Here Guda means the organs which excrete the Apana Vayu and Mala.[3] So, Guda can be used to indicate end part of digestive system. Almost all the Acharyas have use this term to refer to an organ, which perform function of defecation. Guda is a continuation of large intestine and embryologically derived from Matrujabhasa.[4] Acharya Charak describes Guda as one of Khoshtangas[5] and further elebroate that within the pelvic region the Guda has two part Uttara Guda and Adhara Guda.[6] Guda is identified as Mool of Pureeshavaha Srotas[7] in Ayurvedic text. It is also categorized as Bahirmukha Strotas[8] and one of the Karmendriya[9] (Organ of action). Guda is one among the Prananayatan.[10] It has also been included in Sadyopranahara[11] and Mansa Marma Guda is seat of Muladhar Chakra on which all the Chakra depends. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the concept of Guda in this current era to visualise the structure, location, reginal anatomy of ano rectal region. The importance of this study as Guda is vital organ of human body having a rich blood supply which correct knowledge and applied aspect concerning anorectal injuries and disorder.
Understanding Heen Yog, Mithya Yog, and Ati Yog in IV Fluid Administration: A Comparative Analysis from Ayurveda, Karma Yog, and Modern Medical Science
Authors: Jadhav Sachin , Sirsat Aditi
Published: December 2024

Ayurveda offers a holistic framework for understanding the causes of disease, particularly through the concept of Asatmendriyartha Samyoga, involving Heen Yog (underuse), Mithya Yog (improper use), and Ati Yog (overuse). These can also be understood within the scope of Karma Yog, the philosophy that proper, timely action leads to positive outcomes. This paper explores how the administration of IV fluids, a critical medical intervention for correcting electrolyte imbalances, is a form of Karma, and when performed correctly, aligns with Karma Yog principles. Improper IV fluid use - whether through Heen Yog, Mithya Yog, or Ati Yog - can lead to adverse outcomes, thus emphasising the need for balance, skill, and timing in this therapeutic action. A synthesis of Ayurvedic texts and contemporary medical literature is presented to explore this concept.
Efficacy of Yojana Chatuska
Authors: Bharati N. Deshmukh  , Brijesh R. Mishra
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This nectar of knowledge has been stored by Acharya Charaka in very beautiful way i.e. Chatushka methodology. The Chatushkas are not just presenting a unique scribing methodology but are the evidences of the practical approach of Charaka Samhita as a text of Kayachikitsa School of thoughts. Each Chatushka is very important in its place but the Yojana Chatushka offers uniqueness in conjoining all of them, though placed at 6th place. It presents draft of Yuktivyapasraya Chikitsa and states the Roga Bhesaja Yojana and hence acquaints the superior position as in context with Charakastu Chikitsa.Aim- To study the Yojana Chatushka as per Ayurvedic classical texts. Objectives: Conceptual study of Yojana Chatuska. Material and Methods: Ayurvedic text, Ayurvedic Samhita, Published article are review for compilation and analysis of the concept. Discussion and conclusion: The utilization and application of Bhesaja (drug) on disease with respect to Kala Prakruti etc. Thus the word Yojana has much more broader aspect as it is used as the synonym of Chikitsa. Yojana Chatushka makes the person to understand the use of Yukti in treatment point of view.
A Comprehensive Review on the Anticancerous Activity of Arka (Calotropis procera)
Authors: Diksha Sharma  , Munna Lal Prajapati  , Rajveer Sason
Published: December 2024

Cancer incidence is increasing both in India and around the world. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates for 2019, cancer is the primary or second major cause of death before the age of 70 in 112 of 183 countries, And third or fourth in another 23 countries. The estimated mean relative proportions showed that oral, breast, and cervical cancers remained the leading causes of cancer in India. Medicinal plants include several phytochemicals that are used to synthesize active medicinal compounds, making them extremely important. Arka (Calotropis procera), a plant revered in traditional medicine for its strong medicinal effects, has been shown to have anticancer potential. Calotropis procera is a plant that grows abundantly over the world. Bhavprakasha and Rasatarangini classify Calotropis procera (Arka) as an Ayurvedic Upavisha. This plant includes numerous phytochemical compounds, including cardenolides, benzoyllineolone, calactin, and calotropagenin. These phytochemicals have been examined and proven beneficial against a variety of diseases. By combining traditional knowledge with modern scientific research, this study intends to highlight Calotropis procera's potential as a source of novel anti-cancer drugs and to guide future research paths in this area. This review highlights numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations on the anticancer efficacy of Upavisha Arka.
Innovative Approaches in Fistula-In-Ano Management: Evaluating the Role of Fistula Brush - A Case Study
Authors: Sangeetha CN  , KM Sweta
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Fistula in ano is one of the most common anorectal diseases. The prevalence is greater in men than women, with the rate of 12.3 cases per 100,000 and 5.6 cases per 100,000, respectively. In Ayurvedic Science Ksharasutra ligation is one of the most popular treatment modality for Bhagandara. Ksharasutra is indeed a well-known treatment in Ayurveda, particularly for managing conditions like pilonidal sinus and anal fistulas. However, it does have some limitations. Hence, an innovative technique is adopted by introducing a new Yantra i.e., Fistula brush in the field of Shalya Tantra for minimizing the unit cutting time in fistulous tract. Methodology: The fistulous tract was curetted using the fistula brush in 4-5 strokes followed by primary threading with barbour thread. Follow up thread change was done after curetting the tract using fistula brush until the tract was cut through. (under local anaesthesia). Result: The intervention results indicated a marked improvement in both subjective and objective parameters, demonstrating the intervention's effectiveness in enhancing patient outcomes. Discussion: The treatment of anal fistula through curettage of the tract using a fistula brush has been demonstrated to be a cost-effective and accessible method. This technique facilitates the removal of unhealthy granulation tissue while ensuring adequate drainage with the use of a drainage seton, thereby promoting the formation of healthy granulation tissue. Ultimately, this process encourages fibrosis of the tract and minimizes the risk of sphincter damage. Mechanical debridement plays a pivotal role throughout the stages of wound healing by promoting a clean, healthy wound environment. By alleviating symptoms associated with each stage - such as pain, burning sensation, discharge and local tenderness - it ultimately enhances the healing process and improves patient comfort.
Efficacy of Ayurvedic Medication on Anxiety-induced Migraine: A Case Study
Authors: Bhatt Preeti , D.B. Vaghela
Published: December 2024

Anxiety-induced Migraine is a complex and debilitating condition where physiological and psychological stress trigger severe headache episodes. Throbbing pain which is typical of Migraine headache presented with distressing symptoms of anxiety, significantly impacts the quality of life for sufferers. The relationship between stress and Migraine is bidirectional; not only can anxiety provoke Migraine, but the chronic pain and disruption caused by Migraine can also heighten anxiety levels, creating a vicious cycle. In Ayurveda, Ardhavabhedaka is mentioned with the characterization of headache in half of the head (hemicrania) which is the main feature of Migraine. A 29-year-old man with complaints of headache visited Shalakya Tantra OPD of the Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Jamnagar for his Anxiety-induced Migraine. He was treated with Laghu Sutashekhara Rasa, Brihata Dashmoola Taila Nasya, Tablet Anzee (combination of Tagar, Ashwagandha, Brahmi, and Sankhapusphi) and Rasayana Yoga. There was a significant improvement in all three parameters of duration, severity, and frequency of headache and the most important was a reduction in frequency of headaches. The combination of medications shows improvement in the signs and symptoms of Migraine with Anxiety. This study recommends the importance of clinical protocol and evaluation with the clinical study for evaluating efficacy and safety.
Nija Shotha - A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Shreya Shanbhag  , Ranjitha  , AS Patil
Published: December 2024

Shotha is defined as the one which is Shareera Ekadeshe Sthitha involving Tridoshas and having Ashraya is Twak, Mamsa.[1] Nija Shotha is one where the involvement of the Vatadi Doshas is first followed by development of Vedanadi Lakshanas.[2] It has different Nidanas, and a case of Shotha with Sneha Vibrama Nidana is included in the current study. Present case report is of a male patient aged 62 years who is a k/c/o HTN since 3 months, K/C/O Kushta since 18 years, and presented with symptoms of severe pain & swelling in bilateral lower limbs since 1 week. Upon close inspection, it was discovered to have been evolved after Kushta, with Sneha Vibhrama serving as the primary Nidana. He was treated with Bahya Chiktitsa & Shamana Aushadis, resulting in a considerable reduction of Shotha & Vedana and was followed with Virechana after which the symptoms were completely reduced. This case illustrates how Shotha develops due to Vyadhikarshana, wherein Sneha Vibrama functions as a Vyanjaka Hetu for the disease progression.
MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS THE RELATIONSHIP MERCHANT MIDDLEMENT TO SUPPLIER AND CUSTOMER PEPPER IN MERANCANG ILIR VILLAGE, EAST BORNEO, INDONESIA
Authors: Daulika Putri
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to: 1) Describe the status and role of middlement in the trade and marketing of pepper, 2) Describes the purchasing system is being run, 3) Describes how to set the price, 4) Explaining SRM and CRM performed by middlement in maintaining a relationship with supplier and customer. This research used qualitative that have descriptive explanation characteristic. The researcher used participant-observation (participant observation), interviews and photos as the tools of collecting data. The determination participants and key informant for this research used snowball sampling techniques, with one participant and four key informants. This research used qualitative data that have descriptive explanation characteristic, are analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Status as a peppers collector in the pepper trading and marketing activities was the person who runs three roles at once, 2) Purchasing system was done by the collectors by collecting and looking for pepper from farmers (suppliers) to be purchased in accordance with market prices, and payment usually by giving cash advance prior to the harvest or by paid upon trading activities are taking place, 3) The system in pricing is applied and executed by an intermediary trader, namely the Mark-Up Pricing Method, amounting  to IDR 2,000.00/kg pepper from the price given to customers, 4) The relationship management of supplier and customer who performed by collectors consist of: CRM activity (real relationship         with customers and customer satisfaction), and SRM (commitment, communication, honestly, discussion, and sharing of information).
El auge de las tiendas chinas en Sinaloa
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Acosta Haro Elizabeth , Aguilar Carvajal Rosa Delia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Parra Aceviz Lauro César ,   Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa
Published: December 2024

La presente investigación analiza la creciente proliferación de las “tiendas chinas” en el Estado de Sinaloa, partiendo del cumplimiento de la regulación que México exige para la inversión extranjera. Siendo el principal objetivo identificar el número de establecimientos y ubicaciones, instalaciones e infraestructura y formalidad que presentan. La contribución de la investigación comprende un análisis de la situación actual de dichos establecimientos, en el Estado y como consecuencia, el éxito de su modelo de negocios, partiendo de su rápida proliferación. Se desarrolla bajo un diseño de investigación etnográfico, enfoque cualitativo y alcance explicativo y descriptivo, considerando 66 tiendas chinas en las principales ciudades del Estado de Sinaloa. Dentro de los principales hallazgos no se muestra evidencia de que la mercancía que se comercializa en dichos establecimientos cumplen normas de calidad, etiquetado, seguridad, permisos o cupos, requeridos por la autoridad en materia de importación, no presentan sellos de calidad ni cumplimiento de las
Normas Oficiales Mexicanas (NOM´s), el 71.21 %, no emiten comprobantes de compra con las características requeridas por la autoridad y solo el 18.18%, de las tiendas visitadas emiten facturas electrónicas en sus ventas al público en general.
Supporting aspects of entrepreneurial interest: an empirical study reviewing creative, strategic, and digital competencies (EI-CSDC)
Authors: Purwanti Sutriyati , Rahman Luthfi Riyadh , Hamid Abdul Kharim bin Abdul , Indra Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Kewirausahaan masih menakutkan dan menimbulkan keraguan dalam penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, apalagi dengan semakin majunya digitalisasi yang menghadirkan banyak konten yang membingungkan. Padahal kedua aspek tersebut sangat menjanjikan untuk menunjang kehidupan di masa depan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengeksplorasi hubungan antara aspek minat berwirausaha, kompetensi digital, berpikir kreatif dan strategis. Subjek penelitian di kota Yogyakarta dan mahasiswa program studi S1 Tata Boga dengan rentang usia 20-24 tahun. Model ex-post facto digunakan sebagai instrumen penelitian dan jalur analisis digunakan sebagai analisis data. Akhirnya ditemukan hasil model dan ditetapkan sesuai berdasarkan kriteria tertentu, meskipun beberapa subaspek dari aspek utama yang diteliti tidak memenuhi kriteria, namun saling mendukung. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah aspek minat berwirausaha jika didukung oleh kompetensi digital dan pemikiran kreatif dan strategis telah terbukti secara empiris.
Social and spiritual factors in building community happiness and wellbeing: The moderating role of education
Authors:   Tun Razak Graduate School, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Islam Gazi Md. Nurul , Abrar-ul-Haq Muhammad ,   College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain, Sankar Jayendira P. ,   College of Administrative and Financial Sciences, University of Technology Bahrain, Salmabad, Bahrain
Published: December 2024

The Malaysian government aims to transform Malaysia into a high-income, fair, and sustainable economy, maintaining strong economic growth for nearly fifty years. Developing indicators to guide society towards a sustainable and desirable future is crucial for promoting welfare. This research seeks to understand people's perspectives on the social, cultural, spiritual, and governance factors that impact happiness and well-being in Malaysia. A survey of 732 participants from various regions of Peninsular Malaysia was conducted using a structured questionnaire, and the data was analyzed through Partial Least Square (PLS) and regression analysis. The findings indicate that factors such as social security, job satisfaction, national prosperity, education, and spiritual values significantly influence Malaysia's development. The study suggests that integrating these key indicators into policy-making is vital for achieving sustainable development in Malaysia. Furthermore, these findings can assist policymakers, businesses, and other organizations in developing strategies for sustainable growth and offer useful insights for achieving sustainability goals.
Oxford Handbook of EXPEDITION AND WILDERNESS MEDICINE
Authors: Wilson-Howarth Jane
Published: December 2024

Book Review of Oxford Handbook of EXPEDITION AND WILDERNESS MEDICINE
Estimating Patient and Family Costs and CO2 Emissions for Telehealth and In-Person Health Care Appointments in British Columbia, Canada: Geospatial Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Mainer-Pearson Graham , Stewart Kurtis , Williams Kim , Pawlovich John , Graham Scott , Riches Linda , Cressman Sonya , Ho Kendall
Published: December 2024

Background

Patients inevitably incur some cost for accessing health care, even in universal systems such as Canada. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically shifted health care delivery from in-person to telehealth services, also shifting the proportion of costs offset by patients and their families by reducing the need to travel to in-person appointments.

Objective

This study aimed to develop a method for estimating the costs patients and their families incur and CO2 emissions attributed to travel needed for emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and physician appointments.

Methods

We present a method to evaluate the costs associated with in-person and telehealth care appointments from the perspective of patients, their families, and the environment. We used ED locations, road distances, and duration of appointment to account for costs paid by patients (ie, lost productivity, informal caregiving, and out-of-pocket expenses) attributed to travel to receive medical care. Costs to the environment were evaluated by calculating the amount of CO2 emitted per medical visit. Using our costs calculated per visit, we apply our method to calculate total patient costs for a simulated population over 1 year.

Results

Our method estimates that patients in British Columbia pay up to $300 (2023 CAD, CAD $1=US $0.86) on average to attend an in-person ED visit, depending on where they live; $166 may be attributed to lost productivity, $83 to informal caregiving, and $50 to out-of-pocket expenses. These estimates are higher than most observed cost estimates. In addition, avoiding in-person care diverts up to 13 kg of CO2 per medical visit, depending on the distance and frequency of travel to appointments. This translates to up to $0.70 in carbon costs per visit, or cumulatively $44,120 per year in British Columbia, conventionally not included in patient cost estimates.

Conclusions

We present a novel method for estimating patient-incurred costs and CO2 emissions from accessing health care and apply it to estimate that every year, patients in British Columbia pay upwards of 30 million dollars to access health care services, primarily for medical travel. Our method adds to the economic evaluation literature by providing a more comprehensive and context-modifiable calculation of patient costs that will allow for more informed decision-making regarding health care services.
Accuracy and Safety of AI-Enabled Scribe Technology: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Biro Joshua , Handley Jessica L , Cobb Nathan K , Kottamasu Varsha , Collins Jeffrey , Krevat Seth , Ratwani Raj M
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence–enabled ambient digital scribes may have many potential benefits, yet results from our study indicate that there are errors that must be evaluated to mitigate safety risks.
“It's not even close to being ready to replace anything”: the perception of AI use in youth mental health services (Preprint)
Authors: Ding Xiaoxu , Barbic Skye
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has made significant advancements in healthcare. A key application of AI in mental health is the use of AI-powered chatbots; however, empirical evidence on their effectiveness remains limited.

OBJECTIVE

This study explored stakeholder perceptions of integrating AI in youth mental health services, focusing on its potential benefits, challenges, usefulness, and regulatory implications.

METHODS

This qualitative study utilized semi-structured in-depth interviews with 23 mobile health stakeholders, including youth users, service providers, and non-clinical staff from an integrated youth service network. We used an inductive approach and thematic analysis to identify and summarize common themes and sub-themes.

RESULTS

Participants identified AIH's potential to support education, navigation, and administrative tasks in healthcare, as well as to create safe spaces and mitigate health resource burdens. However, they expressed concerns about the lack of human elements, such as empathy and clinical judgment. Key challenges included privacy issues, unknown risks from rapid technological advancements, and insufficient crisis management for sensitive mental health cases. Participants viewed AIH's ability to mimic human behavior as a critical quality standard and emphasized the need for a robust evaluation framework combining objective metrics with subjective insights.

CONCLUSIONS

While AIH has the potential to improve healthcare access and experience, it cannot address all mental health challenges and may exacerbate existing issues. Even AIH can complement less-complex services, it cannot replace the therapeutic value of human interaction at this time. Co-design with end-users is critical for successful AI integration. Robust evaluation frameworks and an iterative approach to build a learning health system are essential to refine AIH and ensure it aligns with real-world evolving needs.
Authors’ Reply: Japan's Telepsychiatry Dissemination: Current Status and Challenges (Preprint)
Authors: Sugawara Yuka , Hirakawa Yosuke , Iwagami Masao , Kuroki Haruo , Mitani Shuhei , Inagaki Ataru , Ohashi Hiroki , Kubota Mitsuru , Koike Soichi , Wakimizu Rie , Nangaku Masaomi
Published: December 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

NA
Legal Issues and Countermeasures in the Application of China’s Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas
Authors: Guo Yijia , Chen Xinlong , Xu Peng
Published: December 2024

The Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas (PSSAs), as a type of area-based management tool, plays an important role in protecting the marine environment and marine ecosystems from the threats posed by international shipping activities. China has large areas that could be applied as PSSAs. However, there are potential problems in the application process, especially in terms of proposal applications and the implementation of routing measures. These problems include the lack of a coordinating body for applications, disputes over the application area, restrictions on relevant protective measures, and changes in the content and procedures of the application. In terms of implementation, these include the lack of domestic legislation on alignment measures, the lack of a clear implementation entity, the imperfect enforcement system, and the lack of technical support. Subsequently, through the analysis of the successful experience of existing particularly sensitive sea areas, solutions to the problems in the application of particularly sensitive sea areas in China are proposed. These solutions include establishing communication mechanisms with neighboring countries, carefully selecting the application area, improving domestic legislation on alignment measures, improving the law enforcement system, and improving law enforcement technology. These targeted recommendations will clear the way for the application of particularly sensitive sea areas in China.
Eficiencia versus eficacia recaudatoria. El caso de la Real Hacienda de Chile a fines del periodo colonial
Authors: Martínez Barraza Juan José
Published: December 2024

Despite consensus in specialized historiography regarding the swelling of the Spanish Royal Indian Treasuries in the late colonial period, the evidence to support the claim has generally been total tax revenues. In other words, it is based only on collection effectiveness, not efficiency, which would also account for fiscal performance and the ratios between net tax proceeds, collection cost and tax revenue. This paper addresses this deficit in Spanish-American history, evaluating collection efficiency through a case study of the Royal Treasury of Chile from the last third of the 18th century through the colonial decline. Researchers use official documentation on the Chilean treasury’s financial position, prepared since the 1780s, to reproduce the actual flow of tax variables. When combined with an examination of the treasury’s governance and administration, the analysis demonstrates that, while successful in terms of collection, tax reforms faced serious application and adaptation issues on Chilean soil. Following a costly bureaucratic consolidation process culminating in Intendent-issued ordinances, the abovementioned issues forced local authorities to amend several “modernizing” measures to relieve local financial tensions. These were in place until the colonial decline.
Análisis comparativo del descarte de restos faunísticos en la vertiente oriental de la Sierra de Velasco (La Rioja, Argentina) en la segunda mitad del primer milenio DC
Authors: Garate Enrique , Cahiza Pablo Andrés , García Gonzalo , Sabatini Gabriela Inés
Published: December 2024

This paper discusses practices related to the consumption and disposal of faunal remains in village societies, groups and communities in the first millennium AD (Castro Barros, La Rioja, Argentina).  It draws on an analysis of four zooarchaeological assemblages from El Chañarcito and Los Cardones de Aminga sites, where occupation dates back to the period between 660 and 900 AD.  These sites were chosen because areas dedicated to the disposal of faunal remains have been identified at both.  The zooarchaeological analysis corroborated differences in assemblages recovered from residential areas and those obtained from platforms or middens.  Since disposal practices occur within specific cultural contexts where certain shared norms regarding order and cleanliness prevail, it also identified different ideas concerning the integration of platforms and middens into the public sphere.  The results provide new evidence on waste management and how middens integrated with community life by transforming into heaps or platforms.
Predicting Illegal Forest Encroachment in Bamori Range, Guna, Madhya Pradesh Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rathore Akshaya
Published: December 2024

Illegal forest encroachment represents a critical challenge in the Bamori Range, Guna District, Madhya Pradesh. The
conversion of forested land into agricultural areas disrupts biodiversity and threatens ecological stability. This study presents a
predictive model, utilizing machine learning, to identify areas prone to illegal land-use changes. By employing spatial and
temporal datasets within a Random Forest framework, the model achieved a high accuracy of 94% and an ROC AUC score of
0.9796. Key predictors, such as the "Rate of Spread" and "Neighbor Crop Count," emerged as significant drivers of
encroachment, providing actionable insights for forest management. This approach offers a data-driven solution to enhance
conservation strategies and mitigate environmental degradation.
SOCIOPRAGMATICS ANALYSIS OF SYMPATHY AND EMPATHY EXPRESSIONS FOUND ON INSTAGRAM IN A VIDEO OF CHILDREN IN GAZA
Authors: Puspitasari Mawar , Siti Zuhriah Ariatmi
Published: December 2024

The genocide committed by Israel in Gaza is still ongoing to this day. This action has received enormous attention from people from all over the world because it has claimed many victims ranging from children, adults, to the elderly. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of expressions of sympathy and empathy and to clarify the intention of sympathy and empathy expressions  given by Instagram users to videos of children in Gaza.

E-ISSN: 2621-9158
P-ISSN:2356-0401
 
 
*Correspondence: mawarrrp05@gmail.com
 
Submitted: 23 November 2024
Approved: 5 December 2024
Published: 9 December 2024
 
Citation:
Puspitasari, M., & Ariatmi, S.Z. (2024). Sociopragmatics analysis of sympathy and empathy expressions found on instagram in a video of children in Gaza. Celtic: A Journal of Culture, English Language Teaching, Literature and Linguistics, 11(2), 306-321. Doi: 10.22219/celtic.v11i2. 37721
 

 This study used a qualitative descriptive method. This study used observation and documentation methods to find the data. Research reveal that there are 2 types of sympathy, namely passive sympathy and active sympathy. This study also reveals that there are 3 types of empathy, namely cognitive empathy, emotional empathy, and compassionate empathy. As for the type of intention, 13 speech acts were found in this study, namely requesting, begging, proposing, vowing, thanking, apologizing, regretting, lamenting, blaming, praising, wishing, condoling, and criticizing. The findings of this study can be used to broaden understanding and make it easier for readers to distinguish expressions of sympathy and empathy.