bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of budesonide aerosol inhalation on postoperative complications and foreign body sensation in the throat of goiter resection patients
Authors: Chen Yijun , Zhang Guolie , Lin Yuanmei , Zhang Guoliang , Lin Lifen , Yao Huiying , Zhang Jinfan
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To study the effect of budesonide aerosol inhalation on postoperative complications and foreign-body sensation in the throat of patients who underwent goiter resection.Methods: One hundred and twenty patients who underwent goiter resection at The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University (Fujian, China) from January 2019 to January 2020 were included in the study, and then equally and randomly assigned to groups A and B. During the perioperative period, group A patients were given budesonide aerosol inhalation, while group B patients received aerosol inhalation of equivalent volume of normal salineectively. Postoperative complication rate (CR), complication pain scores, scores on mucosal response in the throat, and scores on foreign body sensation in the throat were determined for both groups.Results: Postoperative complications in patients were hoarseness, sore throat and cough. Group A had significantly lower postoperative CR, lower complication pain scores, lower scores on mucosal response in the throat, and lower scores on foreign body sensation in the throat, when compared to group B (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Budesonide aerosol inhalation in patients who underwent goiter resection is effective in relieving throat injury from general anesthesia, minimizing likelihood of postoperative complications, and easing foreign-body sensation in the throat. Thus, this strategy may be suitable for the management of postoperative complications.
Efficacy of some selected neo-adjuvant chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, and their effects on immune function
Authors: Liang Yilei , Li Fujun , Huang Jiajie , Zhang Zhenni
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of different neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) regimens in the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and their influence on immune function of the patients.Methods: Advanced OSCC patients (n = 94) who received NACT served as subjects in this study. They were assigned to 2 different treatment groups. Forty patients received docetaxel and fluorouracil regimen (DF group), while 54 patients received taxotere, cisplatin and fluorouracil regimen (TPF group). Surgery was performed after NACT. Changes in clinical efficacy and immune function were monitored in both groups. The clinical baseline data of patients were assessed prior to the treatments. Independent indicators of prognosis were determined using Cox regression analysis (CRA).Results: Clinical treatment efficacy was higher in TPF group than in DF group (p < 0.05). Objective remission rate (ORR) in DF group was lower than that in TPF group (p < 0.05). After chemotherapy, both groups had increased levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, and reduced level of CD8+, when compared with pre-chemotherapy values, with higher levels of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and lower level of CD8+ in TPF group than in DF group (p < 0.05). Multivariate CRA revealed that the independent factors for prognosis of oral carcinoma (OC) were tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage and lymph node metastasis.Conclusion: These results indicate that TFP regimen improves clinical efficacy and immune function in patients with advanced OSCC.
MiR-541-3p suppresses gastric cancer via negative regulation of HSF1
Authors: Zheng Zihan , Zhou Peng , Xiao Yangyang , Liu Qian , Wan Tao
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To explore the effects of miR-541-3P on the expression of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) in gastric cancer cells (GC).Methods: The MicroRNA Target Prediction Database was used to predict whether miR-541-3p interacts with HSF1. Interaction was assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assays. Furthermore, miR-541-3p mRNA levels in GC cell lines were determined by qRT-PCR. Human GC cell lines MKN45 and NCI-N87 were transfected with miR-541-3p mimic. Cell apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, and migration were evaluated using flow cytometry, apoptosis assays, Edu assays, CCK-8 assays, and transwell assays, respectively. Caspase-3, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were determined by western blot.Results: Expression of miR-541-3p was significantly down-regulated in GC cells. Functionally, miR-541-3p mimic inhibited GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced apoptosis in vitro (p <0.01). Mechanistically, miR-541-3p interacted with HSF1 and inhibited its expression. Overexpression of HSF1 counteracted the effects of miR-541-3p mimic in GC cells.Conclusion: These results indicate that miR-541-3p suppresses the development of GC by targeting HSF1 and thus, is a possible strategy for for the management of GC.
The loss of geological memory of past catastrophes: the case of Pompeii
Authors: Lisetta Giacomelli  , Roberto Scandone  , Mauro Rosi
Published: December 2021

In 79 A.D. Vesuvius buried entire cities in a few days under a blanket of pumice and ashes. It was a sudden event, which occurred after centuries of inactivity, heralded only by earthquakes that repeated periodically, for many years, creating addiction rather than alarm. After the event, the vegetation covered the volcanic products, and the memory of the disaster was lost. The first excavations began in Herculaneum in 1738 and in Pompeii ten years later, in times when archeology still did not exist. Much was destroyed, given away, thrown away. Almost intact buildings emerged, with all their contents, with many inhabitants caught on the run. The arduous process of recovering the sites has had important and not always happy stages, accompanied by continuous progress in the excavation methods.  Volcanology has drawn from those experiences as much as it could, setting itself the goal of reconstructing the story of an explosive eruption, the first in the world to be described, by Pliny the Younger, the one that most left its mark on buildings, vegetation, animals and humans. Without the eruption, Pompeii and Herculaneum would have disappeared. The details on how the romans lost their lives in the tragedy is an important component to be offered to Pompeii’s visitors and that is at present largely imperfect. Knowing it and reconstructing its impact on people and the territory, going beyond the archaeological site, is an experience of the past and a warning for today and for the future.
The paleo-lacustrine diatomaceous deposits of Monte Amiata volcano (Tuscany, Italy) and the Ezio Tongiorgi paleontological collection in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Pisa
Authors: Luigina Vezzoli  , Claudia Principe  , Chiara Sorbini
Published: December 2021

At the foothillof Monte Amiata volcano (southern Tuscany, Italy), small extinct lake basins of late Pleistocene age are documented. These lake basins were characterized by the deposition of two very different types of sediment: a) derived from the authigenic precipitation of iron oxides (goethite) and exploited as earth pigments; b) biogenic siliceous sediment composed of fossil diatoms and named diatomaceous earth or diatomite. The lacustrine sediments of Mount Amiata volcano were widely exploited for various applications since ancient times. Literary documents begin in the 16th century, with the descriptions of Cesalpino, Gesner, Agricola, and Imperato. Specific references to the diatomites of Monte Amiata are quoted in the 17th century by Boccone and Bonanno. The quarrying activity was described by Micheli in 1733. During the 18th and 19th centuries, the diatomaceous earths of Monte Amiata are part of the important geological collections of Micheli, Targioni Tozzetti, Baldassarri, Campani, and Tommi. A particular significance has the collection of botanic and ichthyologic fossils collected by Ezio Tongiorgi, and now preserved in the Museum of Natural History of the University of Pisa sited at the Charterhouse of Pisa in the Calci village. These paleontological samples preserve the biological and physical testimonies of the environmental and climatic changes of the late Pleistocene and are now particularly valuable because they are the only remaining evidence of the diatomaceous lacustrine deposits of the paleo-lakes of Monte Amiata. For these reasons, they represent geological materials with a fundamental cultural value.
Should I stay or should I go? 6000 years of human presence and abandonments at Stromboli volcano and an overview on the whole Aeolian Archipelago (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy)
Authors: Andrea Di Renzoni  , Sara Tiziana Levi  , Alberto Renzulli  , Mauro Rosi  , David Yoon
Published: December 2021

T   The paper addresses the long-lasting human presence on the island of Stromboli, an active volcano at the northern edge of the Aeolian archipelago, in the Southern Tyrrhenian sea, Italy. A conceptual model has been built to explore the phenomenon, it takes into account a series of aspects comparing Stromboli to other islands: their morphology, natural resources and geography along with the archaeological and historical data and, further, human attitude to volcanic environments, to risk and to insularity has been deeply explored. We propose a complex narrative where a combination of geological, socio-economic, historical, and psychological factors influenced people’s choices and that human presence is related more to the volcanic (and island) environment (and opportunities) than to volcanic activity.
Origins of Vulcanello based on the re-examination of historical sources (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands)
Authors: Marco Manni  , Mauro Rosi
Published: December 2021

The lava platform and the three pyroclastic cones of Vulcanello constitute the northernmost volcanic structure of the island of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands). The sandy isthmus connecting the platform to the main island was definitively formed in the first half of the 1500s; before then, Vulcano and Vulcanello were two close but separate islands. For a long time, the interpretation of the sources of the II-I century BC, had considered the islet as built up about 2200 years ago. This belief, which proliferated among naturalists from the 17th century, is not confirmed in the ancient texts or even in the geographical documents of the time, which do not indicate the presence of Vulcanello as a new and stable island near Vulcano. The islet would only be mentioned at the dawn of the second millennium, and named in Arabic “Gabal’ al Burkān”, meaning Mount of Vulcano; shortly thereafter the toponym changed to the Latin “Insulam Vulcanelli” and then, towards the 15th century, finally to Vulcanello.  Since the creation of a volcanic island certainly occurred in the Aeolian Islands in the classical era, but traces of it were quickly lost, the most plausible hypothesis is that it was formed in the area of the current Vulcanello, to be subsequently erased by the sea. The shallow, flat seabed, likely remaining as a result of sea abrasion, might have represented the morphological element on which the circular lava platform we know today was formed sometime between 950 and 1000 AD.
Decline of pertussis in hospitalised children following the introduction of immunisation in pregnancy – results from a nationwide, prospective surveillance study, 2013–2020
Authors: Zumstein Jana , Heininger Ulrich
Published: December 2021

Summary
AIMS OF THE STUDY: Surveillance of pertussis at a national level is important to collect information on the epidemiology of the disease and to design optimal immunisation strategies. After an initial surveillance period for pertussis in hospitalised children in Switzerland from 2006 to 2010, new recommendations (including immunisation in pregnancy) were implemented in the national pertussis immunisation schedule in 2013. To monitor its effects, surveillance was resumed in 2013 and concluded in 2020.

METHODS: From 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2020, hospitalised children under the age of 16 years with suspected or proven Bordetella pertussis infection were reported to the Swiss Paediatric Surveillance Unit. We analysed epidemiological and clinical characteristics for all patients who fulfilled the clinical case definition of pertussis (physician diagnosis, cough lasting ≥14 days in combination with at least one of the following symptoms: paroxysmal cough, whooping or post-tussive vomiting, or apnoea not otherwise explained in patients under the age of 12 months) with and without laboratory confirmation (polymerase chain reaction, culture or serology). 

RESULTS: 220 of the 306 reported cases met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 214 (97%) were laboratory-confirmed B. pertussis infections: 209 by polymerase chain reaction and 5 by culture from nasopharyngeal specimens. 172/220 (78%) patients were infants under six months of age at the day of hospitalisation. The mean annual hospitalisation rate for pertussis was 27.9 per 100,000 children for infants and 2.1 per 100,000 in all children <16 years of age. Of the 115 cases with precise records of immunisation, 50 (43%) were unimmunised, 3 (3%) were incompletely immunised and 62 (54%) were up to date with their immunisation status according to their age, including 10 (9%) whose next doses were due. However, most patients with an up-to-date immunisation status (85%) were still too young to have completed their primary series, leaving only eight cases of vaccine failure. Only 5 of the 172 infants <6 months of age had mothers who had been vaccinated during pregnancy.
CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of immunisation in pregnancy in Switzerland, hospitalisation rates in infants declined. However, the remaining cases call for increased efforts towards more complete and timely immunisation of children, those in close contact with children, and pregnant women.
COVID-19 vaccination acceptance in the canton of Geneva: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Wisniak Ania , Baysson Hélène , Pullen Nick , Nehme Mayssam , Pennacchio Francesco , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Guessous Idris , Stringhini Silvia
Published: December 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination as well as its sociodemographic and clinical determinants, 3 months after the launch of the vaccination programme in Geneva, Switzerland.
METHODS In March 2021, an online questionnaire was proposed to adults included in a longitudinal cohort study of previous SARS-CoV-2 serosurveys carried out in the canton of Geneva, which included former participants of a population-based health survey as well as individuals randomly sampled from population registries, and their household members. Questions were asked about COVID-19 vaccination acceptance, reasons for acceptance or refusal and attitudes to vaccination in general. Data on demographic (age, sex, education, income, professional status, living conditions) and health-related characteristics (having a chronic disease, COVID-19 diagnosis, smoking status) were assessed at inclusion in the cohort (December 2020). The overall vaccination acceptance was standardised according to the age, sex, and education distribution in the Geneva population.
RESULTS: Overall, 4067 participants (completion rate of 77.4%) responded to the survey between 17 March and 1 April 2021. The mean age of respondents was 53.3 years and 56.0% were women. At the time of the survey, 17.2% of respondents had already been vaccinated with at least one dose or had made an appointment to get vaccinated, and an additional 58.5% intended or rather intended to get vaccinated. The overall acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination standardised to the age, sex and education distribution of the population of Geneva was 71.8%, with a higher acceptance among men than women, older adults compared with younger adults, high-income individuals compared with those with a low income, and participants living in urban and semi-urban areas compared with rural areas. Acceptance was lower among individuals having completed apprenticeships and secondary education than those with tertiary education. The most common reasons reported by participants intending to get vaccinated were the desire to "get back to normal", to protect themselves, their community and/or society,and their relatives or friends against the risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2, as well as the desire to travel. Less than half (45.6%) of participants having children were willing or rather willing to have their children vaccinated against COVID-19 if it were recommended by public health authorities.
CONCLUSION: Although our study found a 71.8% weighted acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, there were noticeable sociodemographic disparities in vaccination acceptance. These data will be useful for public health measures targeting hesitant populations when developing health communication strategies.
Stealthing as a form of rape – findings to date and future prospects for research
Authors: Bocheński Maciej , Żebracki Mateusz
Published: December 2021

Stealthing or non-consensual condom removal (a situation in which one sexual partner, not necessarily a man, removes or damages a condom during intercourse and the other partner remains unaware of this fact) is a new phenomenon that has only recently been addressed by researchers. This article offers a summary of findings regarding the motives and methods of perpetrators’ of stealthing and attempts to analyse this phenomenon from the perspective of Polish criminal law. Finally, it discusses the prevalence of the offences of rape and its subtypes and outlines the key issues involved in the quantitative analysis of rape.
Między wzorcem a rzeczywistością. Socjalizacja żydowskich dziewcząt w polskojęzycznych pisemkach dla dzieci 1925–1930
Authors: Landau-Czajka Anna
Published: December 2021

Between the Ideal Model and Reality: Socialization of Jewish Girls in Polish-Language Magazines for Children, 1925–1930

This article compares the patterns passed on in the years 1925–1930 by children’s magazines to Jewish girls with how they actually assessed themselves, what they considered important, what plans they had for the future. The author conducted an analysis of three Polish-language magazines for children: Chwilka, Dzienniczek, and Mały Przegląd. The first two contained texts by adult authors who showed children the accepted models of behavior and expectations from them. However, the patterns were divergent. On the one hand, girls were taught to be obedient and polite, and on the other hand as future inhabitants of Palestine they were supposed to be rebellious and courageous. These contrasting demands could not be reconciled. In Mały Przegląd, which published texts written by children, we find information about how young girls assessed themselves and what they were striving for. It seems that the contradictory requirements that could not be met led to far-reaching emancipation, perception of discrimination against women, and the choice of one’s own way of life.
Upaństwowienie Salezjańskiego Domu Dziecka w Jaciążku (1951) w postpamięci
Authors: Stępkowski Dariusz
Published: December 2021

The Nationalization of the Salesian Orphanage in Jaciążek (1951) in Postmemory The article reconstructs and interprets the events that led up to the nationalization of the Salesian orphanage in Jaciążek in 1951. In the study I use the concept of postmemory and the method of qualitative analysis of cultural texts in which the witnesses of the event – the Salesians and their pupils – expressed their traumatic experiences. In spite of differences between the two groups, the main cause of trauma for both was the pseudo-educational activities of the promoters of socialist ideology. In conclusion, I suggest that we recognize socialist pedagogy as a separate instantiation of pseudo-education.
Etyka Tadeusza Czeżowskiego wobec kultury nowych mediów
Authors: Branicki Wacław
Published: December 2021

Tadeusz Czeżowski’s Ethics towards New Media Culture

This paper seeks to answer the question whether Tadeusz Czeżowski’s concept of ethics and value theory can be useful in a culture whose shape is largely determined by new media. On the basis of the collected arguments, it is argued that certain elements of Czeżowski’s system may help to solve some problems arising in this context. The first is the imbalance between real and virtual experience. An ontological exercise is proposed here. The second is setting the mind on permanent, mediated communication. Axiological exercises are the remedy. The third problem is the loss of holistic experience of self and the world. Philosophical exercises based on general concepts may be helpful here.
Naukowa, dydaktyczna i organizacyjna działalność Ludwika Jaxy-Bykowskiego na rzecz rozwoju poznańskiej uniwersyteckiej pedagogiki
Authors: Nowak-Kluczyński Konrad
Published: December 2021

The Scientific, Educational and Organizational Activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski to Develop Poznań Academic Pedagogy

The work is dedicated to Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski – a pioneer of educational psychology and experimental pedagogy in Poland. He received professors’ recognition and was liked by Poznań University students. The work is a trial to reconstruct the scientific, educational and organizational activities of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski in accordance with chronological order. The topics reorganization was also taken into account, considering the change of organizational structure of Poznań academic pedagogy as well as the historical context. The work timeframes were designated by historical moments of Ludwik Jaxa-Bykowski activities and Poznań academic pedagogy, which he co-created as the head of the Department of Pedagogy and Teaching at Poznań University and the chancellor of the “Secret” University of the Western Lands in Warsaw. It is the portrait of passionate professor who fought for autonomy and academic freedom for universities by promoting the important role of human science.
Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)
Authors: Wasilewska-Ostrowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Educational Work with Socially Excluded Girls – in Terms of the Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935)

This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.
Two Stops with Přemysl Pitter (1895–1976)
Authors: Prokop Jiří
Published: December 2021

The Czechs have given the world many important personalities, including pedagogues. In addition to the well-known Jan Amos Komensky (1592–1670), we can also name Gustav Adolf Lindner (1828–1887). But for a long time another important pedagogue personality of the 20th century, Přemysl Pitter, remained unknown to the world. In today’s world of intolerance it’s worthwhile to pay attention to the activities of a man who cherished the values by which he lived his life: “Without love, without human compassion with one another, nothing will stand”2. These are the words of the humanist Přemysl Pitter, a Czech Protestant-oriented thinker, educator, writer, publicist, radical pacifist, and social worker. He founded the famous Prague educational institute “MiličHouse” during the Second World War, and despite strict prohibitions, he visited and supplied the Jews during that time. After the war, he applied for confiscated castles around Prague, where he took care of impoverished German, Jewish, Polish, Czech, and other children. After the establishment of the communist regime, he was forced to flee the country. There was no word of him for many years. But why was his birth declared a UNESCO anniversary? Why did he receive one of the highest state awards of the Czech Republic from President Vaclav Havel? This text addresses such questions. The journey through the life of this exceptional man is like a limited service bus route, consisting of only two stops: and these two stops I present here.
Klęska „liberała”. Mieczysław F. Rakowski i wprowadzenie stanu wojennego
Authors: Przeperski Michał
Published: December 2021

Mieczysław Rakowski, wieloletni redaktor naczelny tygodnika „Polityka” oraz prominentny reprezentant partyjnych „liberałów” w łonie PZPR, od lutego 1981 roku pełnił funkcję wicepremiera w rządzie Wojciecha Jaruzelskiego. Na skutek biegu wydarzeń w kolejnych miesiącach stał się z jednej strony jedną najbardziej medialnych postaci ekipy Jaruzelskiego, ale jednocześnie wraz z narastającym konfliktem wewnętrznym jego polityczne pole manewru dramatycznie się zawęziło. Ilustratywnym dowodem jest rola odgrywana przez niego w ścisłej elicie władzy w pierwszych miesiącach stanu wojennego. Zdanie Rakowskiego niewiele znaczyło, ale on sam nie zdecydował się na odejście z ekipy. Swoje polityczne ambicje pełnienia formalnej władzy Rakowski przypłacił towarzyską izolacją i środowiskowym ostracyzmem.

Abstrakt

Mieczysław Rakowski, a long-time editor-in-chief of the weekly “Polityka” and a prominent representative of the party ‘liberals’ in the Polish United Workers’ Party, served as deputy prime minister in the government of Wojciech Jaruzelski since February 1981. Soon after, he became one of the most well-known figures in Jaruzelski’s team, but – at the same time – was not only torn by an internal conflict, but lost space for any political manoeuvre. This losing of political capacity was evident in the role he played in the top power elite in the first months of the martial law. Rakowski’s opinion meant little, but he never decided to leave the team. For his political ambition to win actual political significance, Rakowski was socially ostracised and kept away from actual centres of political power.
Stan wojenny w interpretacjach zwolennika „postawy czynnego trwania”. Ryszard Reiff o wydarzeniach w Polsce 1980–1983
Authors: Radomski Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

W artykule ukazano oceny wydarzeń z lat 1980–1983 formułowane przez Ryszarda Reiffa, znanego działacza stowarzyszenia PAX. W pierwszej części artykułu zaprezentowano krótki życiorys polityka oraz jego koncepcje polityczne w latach 1945–1980. W kolejnej części omówiono szeroko działalność Reiffa w okresie 1980–1981, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego propozycji powołania tak zwanej Wielkiej Koalicji. Tworzyłyby ją związek zawodowy Solidarność, Kościół oraz ówczesne władze. Plan ten nie został zrealizowany. Po wprowadzeniu stanu wojennego Reiff został usunięty ze stronnictwa i rozpoczął współpracę z podziemną Solidarnością. W ostatniej części tekstu zaprezentowano oceny dotyczące stanu wojennego oraz rozważania dotyczące realizmu politycznego. Zdaniem Reiffa stan wojenny był fałszywą alternatywą wobec interwencji radzieckiej. Zahamował też możliwość przeprowadzenia reform gospodarczych; spowodował emigrację miliona młodych osób oraz zablokował rozwój społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.

Abstract

Martial law in the interpretations of the supporter of the “attitude of active duration”. Ryszard Reiff on events in Poland 1980–1983 The article presents evaluations of the events of 1980–1983 formulated by Ryszard Reiff, a well-known PAX activist. The first part of the article presents a short biography of the politician and his political concepts in the years 1945–1980. The next part discusses extensively Reiff’s activity in the period 1980–1981 with particular emphasis on his proposal to establish the so-called Great Coalition. It would be formed by the Solidarity trade union, the Church and the authorities of that time. This plan was not implemented and after martial law was imposed, he was removed from the association. At that time, he started to work with the underground Solidarity. The last part of the text presents martial law assessments and reflections on political realism. According to Reiff, martial law was a false alternative to the Soviet intervention. It hindered the possibility of economic reforms; it caused the emigration of one million young people and blocked the development of civil society.
Drużyna Solidarności. Jak wybierano kandydatów na posłów i senatorów, czyli późniejszych członków Obywatelskiego Klubu Parlamentarnego
Authors: Majchrzak Grzegorz
Published: December 2021

Ze względu na plebiscytowy charakter wyborów z czerwca 1989 roku przyszłych posłów i senatorów opozycyjnego Obywatelskiego Klubu Parlamentarnego de facto wyłoniono w kwietniu tego roku, kiedy zamykano listy wyborcze Komitetu Obywatelskiego. Te swoiste prawybory miały różny przebieg w różnych częściach kraju i nie były wolne od sporów (zarówno na szczeblu regionalnym, jak i na linii „teren”–Warszawa). W wyborach nie wystartowała zresztą część czołowych działaczy opozycji, idąc za przykładem Lecha Wałęsy. Ten ostatni był jednak mocno obecny w kampanii wyborczej osób reprezentujących Komitet Obywateski, których wyróżnikiem – w zdecydowanej większości – było wspólne zdjęcie z przewodniczącym Solidarności. Niewątpliwie ta nie zawsze w pełni demokratycznie wyłoniona solidarnościowa drużyna osiągnęła w wyborach sukces, obsadzając niemal wszystkie miejsca w Sejmie i Senacie PRL, które potencjalnie mogła zdobyć. Wybrani do parlamentu przedstawiciele opozycji utworzyli w nim Obywatelski Klub Parlamentarny.

Due to the referendum nature of the elections in June 1989, the future deputies and senators of the opposition Civic Parliamentary Club were actually elected in April that year, when the election lists of the Citizens’ Committee were closed. These peculiar primary elections varied in different parts of the country and were not free from disputes (both at the regional level and on the “regional” – Warsaw line). Besides, some of the leading opposition activists did not take part in the elections, following the example of Lech Wałęsa. The latter, however, was strongly present in the election campaign of people representing the Citizens’ Committee, whose distinguishing feature – in the vast majority – was a photo taken with the leader of “Solidarity”. Undoubtedly, this “Solidarity” team, not always fully democratically elected, achieved success in the elections, filling almost all the seats in the Sejm and Senate of the Polish People’s Republic, which it could potentially win. The opposition representatives elected to the parliament formed there the Civic Parliamentary Club.
Laudacja
Authors: Obracht-Prondzyński Cezary
Published: December 2021

Laudacja wygłoszona w Dworze Artusa 28 października 2019 roku z okazji przyznania Europejskiemu Centrum Solidarności Medalu św. Wojciecha.
Słowiańszczyzna w ideach rosyjskich jezuitów w dziewiętnastowiecznej Francji
Authors: Cierniak Urszula , Bańczyk Alicja
Published: December 2021

Gdy sięgamy po historię rosyjskiej literatury i myśli społecznej w dziewiętnastym wieku, jawi się nam ona w postaci dwóch nurtów: okcydentalistycznego i słowianofilskiego. Rosyjscy katolicy, jak dotąd, byli uznawani za przedstawicieli pierwszego z nich z uwagi na ich pozytywny stosunek do Europy Zachodniej i jej religii.

W centrum uwagi niniejszego artykułu znaleźli się czterej emigranci żyjący na stałe we Francji i należący do zakonu jezuitów – Iwan Gagarin, Iwan Martynow, Jewgienij Bałabin oraz Paweł Pierling. Postrzeganie przez nich kwestii Słowian i Słowiańszczyzny oraz jej problemów religijnych pozwala umiejscowić ich idee względem poglądów słowianofilów i okcydentalistów. Rosyjscy katolicy nie negują ani wpływów na Rosję innych kultur słowiańskich i szeroko pojętego prawosławia, ani dorobku kulturowego zachodniej Europy. Staroruska przeszłość jest powodem do dumy i przekonania o wartości narodowej kultury Rosji. Z kolei w przeciwieństwie do słowianofilów proponują oni Rosji zostanie potęgą katolicką i wypełnienie wielkiej misji cywilizacyjnej wobec Zachodu. Artykuł mówi o rosyjskim katolicyzmie jako o trzeciej drodze w rosyjskiej kulturze badanego okresu, która ma wiele punktów stycznych z obu wymienionymi nurtami, jednakże z żadnym z nich w pełni się nie pokrywa.

Slavicity in the Ideas of Russian Jesuits in 19th Century France

When analysing Russian literature and social thought of the nineteenth century, it can be easily observed that the works can manifest one of two tendencies prevalent in those times: Occidental or Slavophil one. Russian Catholics have been so far recognised as the representatives of the former because of their positive attitude towards Western Europe and its religion.

The focus of this article is on the four immigrants permanently living in France, members of the Jesuit Order – Ivan Gagarin, Ivan Martynov, Yevgeniy Balabin and Paweł Pierling. Their perception of Slavic matters, the Slavs and their religious problems allows them to locate their ideas in relation to the views of Slavophiles and Occidentalists. Russian Catholics do not deny the influence of other Slavic cultures and broadly understood Orthodoxy on Russia, or the cultural heritage of Western Europe – the Old Russian past is a reason for pride and belief in the significant importance of Russia’s national culture. Contrary to the Slavophiles, they propose that Russia should become Catholic power to fulfil a great civilisational mission towards the West. The article discusses Russian Catholicism as the third trend in the Russian culture of the analysed period, which is closely related to the aforementioned tendencies but it does not fully overlap with any of them.
Pamięć „mniejszościowa” i pokaleczona w najnowszej literaturze chorwackiej (na przykładach prozy Ludwiga Bauera, Ivany Šojat Kuči i Slobodana Šnajdera)
Authors: Dyras Magdalena
Published: December 2021

W artykule została poruszona problematyka pamięci zbiorowej oraz indywidualnej, na przykładzie traumatycznych doświadczeń mniejszości niemieckiej (tzw. Szwabów) w Jugosławii (w latach 1945-1990). Trwająca kilkadziesiąt lat konfiskata pamięci skutkowała utratą tożsamości, którą po 1990 roku trzeba było na nowo zbudować. Sposobem na jej odzyskanie stały się narracje literackie, motywowane pamięcią pokaleczoną przez system autorytarny. Problematykę tę poruszono między innymi w trzech powieściach, których publikacja spotkała się z ożywioną reakcją badaczy i krytyków literatury. Są to Ludwiga Bauera Kratka kronika porodice Weber, Ivany Šojat Kuči Unterstadt i Slobodana Šnajdera Doba mjedi. Pamięć, zgodnie z ustaleniami teoretycznymi Elżbiety Rybickiej, została ukazana zarówno jako koncept literaturoznawczy, jak również kategoria egzystencjalna. Powieści przywołanych autorów ilustrują, w jaki sposób literatura staje się medium i nośnikiem pamięci.

“Minority” and Mutilated Memory as Depicted in the Latest Croatian Literature (in Representative Examples of Prose by Ludwig Bauer, Ivana Šojat Kuči and Slobodan Šnajder)
The article deals with the issues of collective and individual memory, based on the example of traumatic experiences of German minority (so-called Swabians) in Yugoslavia (1945-1990). Decades-long confiscation of memory resulted in the loss of identity, which had to be rebuilt after 1990. Literary narratives, motivated by mutilated memory resulting from the authoritarian system, became the way to regain it. These issues are discussed, among others, in three novels, the publication of which met with a lively response from researchers and critics of literature. These are Ludwig Bauer’s A Brief Chronicle of the Weber Family, Ivana Šojat Kuči’s Unterstadt and Slobodan Šnajder’s The Age of Brass. Memory, according to theoretical findings of Elżbieta Rybicka, has been presented both as a literary concept and an existential category. The novels by the above-mentioned authors illustrate how literature becomes a medium and a carrier of memory.
‘In-Between’ Rural Tourism: Rethinking Rural Tourism Spaces for Policy Development in South Africa
Authors: Rogerson Christian M , Rogerson Jayne M
Published: December 2021

Rural tourism is the focus of major international scholarship. This paper contributes to policy debates about rural tourism in the Global South using the example of South Africa. Specifically, it points to a need for rethinking of rural tourism spaces for policy development in South Africa. Arguably, ‘rural spaces’ cannot be viewed homogeneously simply as places outside of cities; instead rural tourism spaces must be unpacked and differentiated. The South African case is of special interest in Global South scholarship because national government launched initiatives to prepare an appropriate rural tourism policy. It is argued that a spatially differentiated approach to rural tourism policy is useful and recommends as a starting point drawing upon best practice international research which identifies (at least) three different categories of rural space, namely fringe, exotic/remote and in-between rural spaces. Insight is provided of two examples of ‘in-between’ rural spaces in South Africa, namely Greater Giyani Local Municipality in Limpopo and Raymond Mhlaba Local Municipality in Eastern Cape.
Bütünleşik Üretim Planlamasının Hedef Programlama Tekniğiyle Optimizasyonu ve Tekstil Sektöründe Bir Uygulama
Authors: DESTE Mustafa , KARABULUT Murat
Published: December 2021

İşletmeler, piyasanın artan rekabet koşullarında devamlılıklarını sürdürebilmek için üretim planlama ve kontrol fonksiyonuna çok önem vermektedir. Bu kapsamda müşteri memnuniyetini sağlamak için; yüksek kalite düzeyine sahip, maliyet açısından uygun ürün ve hizmet üretmek zorundadırlar. Bu kapsamda bütünleşik üretim planlama tekniği, üretim planlama ve kontrol çalışmalarında faydalanılan tekniklerden bir tanesidir. Bütünleşik üretim planlamayla, üretim hızları, işgücü düzeyleri, fazla mesai ve diğer kontrol edilebilir değişkenler ayarlanıp tahmin edilen talep en iyi şekilde karşılanmaktadır. Bütünleşik üretim planlamasında yer alan birden çok ve karmaşık amaçları çözümlemek için, hedef programlama yöntemi geliştirilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada, bütünleşik bir üretim planlama uygulamasının hedef programlama yöntemiyle gerçekleştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, hedef programlama ile uygulamanın gerçekleştirildiği işletmenin önceliklerine uygun matematiksel bir model geliştirilmiştir. Modelin geliştirilmesi sürecinde, işletmenin hedeflediği kâr düzeyine ulaşabilmek için üretilmesi gereken ürün miktarları ve işgücü değerleri göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Oluşturulan model Winqsb programı kullanılarak çözümlenmiş ve optimum çözüm elde edilmiştir.
Relaciones de género en los intersticios de las prisiones argentinas. Tensiones en torno a derechos y cuidados
Authors: Mancini Ines
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo se inscribe en un campo de investigación en formación respecto de los efectos extendidos del encarcelamiento. En particular, se propone complejizar los conocimientos respecto de las redes de afecto y cuidado construidas alrededor de las prisiones en la Argentina, específicamente de aquellas situadas en la provincia de Buenos Aires o pertenecientes al sistema federal (situadas en diversos puntos del país). Con este propósito, se utiliza una metodología cualitativa. La propuesta consiste en presentar un panorama que rescate las experiencias de las mujeres que desarrollan tareas de cuidado a varones detenidos. El artículo hace hincapié en la noción de género y evidencia una multiplicidad de formas de subordinación de estas mujeres. Para ello, se analizan las trayectorias de algunas mujeres con el propósito de dar cuenta de cómo muchas mujeres de los sectores populares son socializadas en este rol. En segundo lugar, se describen algunas de las labores que las mujeres llevan a cabo y se analizan las formas en las que ellas interpretan estas labores. En tercer lugar, se problematiza la visita íntima y la sexualización de los cuerpos en las visitas. En cuarto lugar, se describen las clasificaciones morales de las visitas. Por último, se analizan distintas formas de control a las que son sometidas las mujeres por parte de los detenidos. Todos los puntos analizados muestran que las mujeres realizan un trabajo esencial para la supervivencia de los varones detenidos. Además, dichos trabajos son llevados a cabo desde posiciones subordinadas, en la intersección de violencias institucionales y de género.
Hacia una sociedad aséptica. Modos de vida y politicidades pandémicas
Authors: Pelayo Pérez Mariana Betzabeth
Published: December 2021

La pandemia provocada por COVID-19 se inscribió en nuestros cuerpos y en nuestros sentidos. Habitar la pandemia representó la reconfiguración de nuestros tiempos, ritmos, procesos de subjetivación, socialización y productividad, formas de concebir el mundo, así como los ciclos de la vida y los rituales de la muerte. Aunque este acontecimiento se debe en gran parte a factores biológicos y epidemiológicos, también se ha constituido como un operador que ha producido discursos, prácticas, imaginarios y deseos, donde el poder fluye y maquina nuevos reordenamientos a la luz de la entropía, el terror social y el riesgo pandémico. En este artículo se tuvo como objetivo analizar los nuevos condicionamientos materiales e inmateriales que se reconfiguraron en la sociedad civil durante el marco temporal pandémico como mecanismos de afrontamiento y resistencia orientados al resguardo de la vida en la condición de emergencia sanitaria. En la dimensión material se profundiza en las formas en cómo nos reconstituimos como sujetos, la relación y organización de los cuerpos con el hábitat, y la emergencia de nuevas relaciones mercantiles. En la dimensión inmaterial se analizan los aspectos discursivos como las prácticas discriminatorias, la generación de nuevos afectos y la producción de subjetividades. Tales gestos y politicidades están orientados a la continuidad de la sostenibilidad de la vida, sin embargo, desocultan contradicciones, deficiencias, procesos discriminatorios y diversos tipos de violencia que confeccionan una nueva sociedad aséptica.
Building Blocks for a Low-Carbon Economy: Catalytic Policy and Infrastructure for Decarbonizing the United States by 2050
Authors: Saha Devashree , Carlock Greg , Shrestha Rajat , Feldmann John , Leslie-Bole Haley
Published: December 2021

This working paper identifies key climate policies and investments and estimates their emissions-reduction potential and associated costs, which can enable the United States to reduce economy-wide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 50–52% compared to 2005 levels by 2030 and reach net-zero GHG emissions by midcentury, the goals set by the Biden administration.
Elementary Teacher Professionalism and Workload
Authors: Yusuf Munir , Yaumi Muhammad , Hanafi Moh. Sain
Published: December 2021

This study describes teacher performance by quantifying every detail of teacher activity. This research results from a case study conducted for eight months in elementary school. The research focuses on the workload of primary school teachers. This research data collection through observation, interviews, and document review. This research was conducted at SD Negeri 18 Maroangin and SD Islam Terpadu Madan Insan Palopo City, South Sulawesi Province. The study results are as follows: (1) Based on the implementation time, to complete all tasks, the workload of elementary school teachers takes 17 hours a day. Therefore, it equates to 102 hours per week. In this case, the teacher experiences an "overload" workload. (2) The professionalism of primary school teachers is a challenge for education in Indonesia. In addition to the limited ability of teacher resources.
Holstayn Sığırlarda Kızgınlık Tespitinde Tükürük Kurutma Testlerinin Kullanılması
Authors: ÖZMEN M. Ferit
Published: December 2021

Sunulan çalışmada uygulanması kolay ve maliyeti düşük olan tükürük kurutma (kristalizasyon) testleri sonucu oluşan ağaçlanma veya eğrelti otu görünümünün yaygınlığının holstayn ırkı sığırlarda östrusta ve diöstrusta değişip değişmediği dolaysıyla östrus döneminin taininde bu yöntemin kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı araştırıldı. Bu amaçla östrusta olduğu belirlenen (n:14) ve diöstrusta olduğu bilinen (n:11) holstayn sığırlardan alınan numuneler incelendi. Sonuçlar “yok”, “yüzlek” ve “belirgin” olarak 3 gruba ayrıldı. Östrustaki sığırların %71.4’ünde diöstrustaki sığıların % 18.2’ sinde ağaçlanma veya eğrelti otu görünümünün belirgin olduğu ve aradaki farkın anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Östrustaki sığırların % 14.3 ‘ ünde diöstrustaki sığırların % 63.6’sında ağaçlanma veya eğrelti otu görünümünün yüzlek olduğu ve aradaki farkın anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Östrustaki sığırların % 14.3’ünde diöstrustaki sığırların % 18.2’sinde ağaçlanma veya eğrelti otu görünümünün bulunmadığı ve gruplar arasındaki farkın önemsiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak tükürük kurutma testi sonuçlarına göre holstayn ırkı sığırlarda östrus döneminin diöstrus döneminden ayırt edilebileceği kanısına varılmıştır.
Et ve Et Ürünleri Harcında Kullanılan Bazı Bitkisel Ürünlerin Histolojik Yapıları
Authors: TONBAK Fadime , YALÇIN Mehmet Hanifi , DEMİR Pelin
Published: December 2021

Bu çalışmada et ve et ürünleri harcına karıştırılmış çeşitli un, bitki ve baharatların hayvansal dokulardan ayrıştırılmasının kolaylaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan kırmızı et, un, bitki ve baharatlar şehir merkezindeki satış noktalarından temin edilmiştir. Bitkisel kökenli katkılar, et ürünlerine katıldığı büyüklükte kıyılarak %10 oranında sığır eti kıymasına karıştırılmış ve hematoksilen-eozin boyama yöntemi ile histolojik incelemeleri yapılmıştır. Bitkisel dokularda kendine özgü şekilleriyle hücre duvarları ve farklı plastit yapıları görülürken, iskelet kasının enine ve boyuna kesitlerinde sarkolemmin altında çok çekirdekli hücrelerle, düzenli bantlaşma bulguları dikkat çekmektedir. Sonuç olarak, et ve et ürünlerinde kullanılan bazı baharatların doğru tespitinin yapılabilirliği test edilmiştir. Mikroskop alanında her zamankinden daha fazla baharat tespit edilmesi, bozulan koku, tat ve rengi dengelemek adına bazı hilelerin olabileceğini akla getirmelidir.
Effects of COVID-19 on maternal anxiety and depressive disease: a literature review
Authors: Mappa I. , Distefano F. A. , Rizzo G.
Published: December 2021

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection is a public health emergency of international concern. Pandemics pose a challenge to psychological resilience and can have an adverse impact on mental health. The impact of the ensuing social isolation and loneliness imposed by quarantine along with the worries about the risks of the infection and its economic fallout would appear likely to affect the mental health of the population. It has been reported that women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression symptoms during COVID-19 than men. COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the level of anxiety and depression of pregnant women according to their basal level and pregnancy characteristics. Antenatal mental disorders may be a risk factor for maternal mental health problems such as an increased likelihood of postnatal depression and adverse obstetric and developmental outcomes. Effective coping strategies are associated with better psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, including reduced anxiety and depression. The increased risk of mental disorders due to COVID-19 requires policies to be developed to address prenatal and postpartum care to promote maternal-child wellbeing outcomes.