bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health equity in dialysis care
Authors: Ramasamy Senthilkumar , Rathore Vinay , Galhotra Abhiruchi , Agrawal Sanjana
Published: June 2023

The development of chronic kidney disease and its progression to End Stage Renal Disease requiring renal replacement therapy remains a significant source of reduced quality of life and premature mortality. The global dialysis population and treatment gap is growing, especially in low- and middle- income countries. In India, 70% of those starting dialysis, die or discontinue treatment in the initial period due to the high cost of treatment and lack of access to dialysis therapy. Achieving health equity requires ensuring access to the resources that needs to be healthy, and addressing social determinants of health involves needs factors that influence the health outcomes. Universal Health Coverage requires an alternate model to address the substantial Out-Of-Pocket-Expenditure borne by these patients for traveling and medications.
Prevalence and correlates of social networking addiction and its association with adult ADHD and stress among students of a medical college
Authors: Singh Abhishek Bahadur , Mishra Ambrish Kumar , Vijay Mano , Karanth Varsha , Mittal Kailash
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Repeated use of social network is said to cause addiction. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is disorder found in childhood. Studies have shown that such children continue to have the symptoms of ADHD as adults. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of social networking addiction and Internet addiction and their relationship with ADHD. Also, to assess the relationship between perceived stress and sociodemographic factors with social networking and internet addiction.

Material and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 undergraduate and postgraduate students of BMCRI after ethical clearance. Medical students who gave consent were included through stratified random sampling. Those who were taking treatment for psychiatric illness were excluded. Scales like the Young Internet addiction test (IAT); Bergen's Facebook Reporting Scale, ADHD Self-Reporting Scale, and Wender Utah Brief Rating Scale for ADHD, and Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for perceived stress have been used.

Results:

The mean age was found to be 21.56 ± 3 years. 62.6% were males and 37.33% of were females. The prevalence of Internet addiction was found to be 23.3% (n = 35), with 2% (n = 3) were having severe addiction, 6.6% (n = 10) were having moderate Internet and 14.6% (n = 22) having mild internet addiction according to modified Young's criteria (2011). The prevalence of social networking addiction as per the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) score was 4.66% and adult ADHD was 15%. There was a strong positive correlation (0.76) between Internet Addiction and Facebook addiction scores and between BFAS score and IAT score. A moderate positive correlation (0.46 and 0.47) between Internet addiction and Facebook addiction with perceived stress and ADHD and IAT score with PSS score and ASRS score, weak positive correlation with PSS score and ASRS score was observed.

Conclusion:

A significant proportion of medical students develop Internet addiction and minority develops social network addiction. Furthermore, perceived stress and ADHD scores are positively correlated with internet and social networking addiction.
Perception on effect of AYUSH treatment among patients with selected NCDs at life style diseases clinics from six states of India
Authors: Sherin Raj TP , Tiwari Vijay Kumar , Gandotra Ramesh
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

The AYUSH system of medicine is effective in the case management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched a pilot program in 2016 integrating AYUSH with the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Stroke for community-based screening and management of NCDs. This study was done to assess the effectiveness of AYUSH treatment with Yoga practices in project districts in terms of the adoption of a healthy lifestyle besides relief from NCDs.

Material and Methods:

The study was conducted in six districts from six states, namely Bhilwara (Rajasthan), Surendranagar (Gujarat), Gaya (Bihar), Darjeeling (West Bengal), Krishna (Andhra Pradesh), and Lakhimpur-Kheri (Uttar Pradesh) with a total sample of 56 lifestyle disease Clinics and 1790 beneficiaries.

Results:

The results show that 75% of patients were currently doing yoga and 60%–80% of patients experienced various benefits of yoga. These benefits were relief from pain (82%), improvement in appetite (72%), reduction in weakness (72%), and sickness (71%). The study also found that after taking AYUSH treatment, overall 73% of patients reduced dosage of allopathic medicines, 52% had reduced side effects of allopathic medicines, 24% stopped allopathic medicine, and 50% got faster recovery.

Conclusion:

Low cost and fewer side effects are considered merits of AYUSH medicine that drive its acceptance in the community and could be prioritized under preventive care. The dual form of medicine is the new form emerging option to the existing modern medicine.
Comparative evaluation of conventional and diode laser-assisted gingival curettage in shallow suprabony periodontal pocket – Three months follow-up of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bali Ashish , Sannigrahi Sudipta , Pal Pritish C
Published: June 2023

Background:

Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common forms of periodontal disease in adults. The primary goal of periodontal therapy is to remove dental plaque and bacteria to restore and maintain gingival tissue health. Subgingival scaling, root planning, and curettages are aimed at removing dental plaque, calculus, and necrotic cementum.

Aim and Objectives:

The main aim of our present randomized control clinical trial was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of diode lasers compared to conventional curettage using hand instruments in patients with chronic periodontitis having shallow suprabony pockets. In addition, the pain sensation during conventional and laser-assisted curettage was compared during the procedure using Visual Analog Scale.

Materials and method:

Subjects with shallow pockets were divided into two groups and treated with either conventional curettage (Control group) with hand instrument or with diode laser (Test group). The data obtained were fed into Microsoft Excel 2000 package, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS software version 20.0 for Windows.

Results:

The control group elicited a reduction in probing pocket depth (PPD) from baseline to 1 month after treatment (6.60 ± 0.99 vs. 3.87 ± 0.64, respectively), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The 3-month postoperative scores had been reduced to 2.43 ± 0.50, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The reduction between the 1 and 3 months after treatment (3.87 ± 0.64 vs. 2.43 ± 0.46, respectively), was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). The test group elicited a reduction in PPD from baseline to 1 month after treatment (6.80 ± 0.86 vs. 4.00 ± 0.76, respectively), which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The 3-month postoperative scores had been reduced to 3.53 ± 0.48, which was also statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was a marginal reduction of postoperative scores between the 1 and 3 months after treatment (4.00 ± 0.76 vs. 3.53 ± 0.48, respectively), which was nonsignificant (P = 0.53). The mean PPD at baseline between Control group versus Test group (6.60 ± 0.99 vs. 6.80 ± 0.86, respectively) was nonsignificant (P = 0.56). The PPD at 1 month also revealed nonsignificant reduction, i.e. Control group versus Test group (3.87 ± 0.64 vs. 4.00 ± 0.76, P = 0.60). The postoperative reduction of PPD at 3 months was statistically significant (P < 0.05), i.e. Control group versus Test group (2.43 ± 0.46 vs. 3.53 ± 0.48).

Conclusion:

Within the limit of our study, it can be proved that both hand instrument-guided curettage and laser-assisted curettage can effectively reduce shallow pockets to a healthy gingival sulcus.
Comparative evaluation of hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and differential leukocyte count
Authors: Thavithavakar D. , Melath Anil , Subair K. , Arjun M. R. , Rabees K. P. , Prakash N.
Published: June 2023

Background:

Anemia is defined as the deficiency in the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood either due to reduced hemoglobin %(Hb%) or reduced Red Blood Corpuscles (RBC) count. currently the association of anemia in periodontitis patients and the possible etiology cited for decreased blood counts was the downregulation of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow by proinflammatory cytokines released due to periodontal disease.

Aims and Objectives:

To evaluate the relation between anemia and periodontitis by estimation of blood parameters and to assess whether periodontitis like other inflammatory conditions can lead to anemia. It is a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 30 subjects who visited the Department of periodontics, Mahe Institute of dental science and hospitals was included in the study and divided into three groups. A total of 10 healthy controls, 10 chronic generalized gingivitis, and 10 chronic generalized periodontitis patients were selected among the Kerala population. Hemoglobin levels (Hb), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), Differential leukocyte count, gingival index, OHIS index, and probing depth were recorded.

Results:

The results revealed a decrease in Hb and erythrocyte counts and an increase in white blood corpuscle counts in chronic generalized periodontitis compared to healthy controls and chronic generalized gingivitis group.

Conclusions:

The treatment of periodontitis can improve hematocrit and other related blood parameters in chronic generalized periodontitis patients with anemia. This provides evidence that periodontitis like other chronic diseases may also cause anemia.
Multiple Systemic Embolization Associated with Chest Compression in a Patient with Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Miyatani Kazuki , Takeuchi Ikuto , Fujita Wataru , Yanagawa Youichi
Published: June 2023

The patient was an 80-year-old woman with chronic atrial fibrillation, chronic heart failure, cerebellar infarction, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, who suddenly collapsed while playing gateball outdoors. The doctor at a nearby clinic doctor found her in a state of cardiopulmonary arrest and started basic life support. Twelve minutes after discovery, spontaneous circulation returned. On arrival, she was in a deep coma state with atrial fibrillation-related tachycardia. A physical examination revealed pulseless right radial and left popliteal arteries with cyanosis. Whole-body-enhanced computed tomography and head magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated multiple ischemic organs. Taken together, it was considered that a massive-free thrombus from the left atrium, which was caused by atrial fibrillation, had first obstructed the left ventricular outflow tract, resulting in cardiac arrest. Then, the thrombus had been scattered throughout the body by chest compression. Her condition was judged to be irreversible and she died on day 3. This is the first reported case of multiple systemic embolization associated with chest compression in a patient with cardiac arrest. This unique case adds one more cause to the list of the documented etiologies of complications caused by chest compression.
A Retrospective Analytical Study of Forensic Evidence in Rape and Murder Cases and its Implications on Judicial Outcomes in India
Authors: Charan J. Lakshmi
Published: June 2023

In rape and murder cases, forensic science precisely establishes the link between the accused and either the victim or the crime scene, or both, which aids police investigation and the trial process by providing scientific evidence to corroborate or contradict the accused’s guilt. This study focuses on the importance of forensic evidence in deciding rape cases in India. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between forensic evidence and judicial outcomes in determining the conviction rate. This is a retrospective analytical study of rape and murder cases of the Supreme Court of India (SCI) Judgments from 1992 to 2021 using the library and digital library resources. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson’s correlation test to assess the relationship between forensic evidence and judicial outcomes. The results were considered statistically significant atP< 0.05. In 20 (5.22%) sensational, heinous rape and murder cases, 13 (65%) cases had proper handling of the forensic samples, while 7 (35%) cases had improper handling of the forensic samples or inconsistent forensic reports were given. Based on the forensic reports and other factors, the SCI affirmed the sentence in 11 (55%) cases, commuted imprisonment in 7 (35%) cases, and acquitted 2 (15%) cases. Further, the statistical analysis shows that forensic evidence and judicial outcomes have a moderately positive correlation with each other (0.2 <r< 0.5,P< 0.05). In rape and murder cases, SCI judgments have a high conviction rate. However, the SCI commuted the sentence based on inconsistent forensic reports and acquitted based on mishandled forensic reports.
Fatal Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Authors: Hosahally Jayanth S , Patil Varsha , Chandra YP Girish
Published: June 2023

Liquefied petroleum gas on combustion with deficient oxygen produces toxic carbon monoxide. It is used as a fuel to heat water in gas geysers. Here, we report a fatal case of carbon monoxide poisoning resulting from the usage of gas water heater. A 24-year-old female had gone to take bath in a bathroom where a gas geyser was installed to heat the water. As she did not come out of the bathroom even after more than an hour, the door was broken down by the relatives and she was found dead. Cherry red postmortem hypostasis, congested and edematous pinkish lungs, and cerebral edema were salient autopsy findings. Carboxyhemoglobin was quantified in blood to 76.55%. The cause of death was attributed to carbon monoxide poisoning; accidental in manner. This case highlights the hazards of using a gas geyser in an ill-ventilated bathroom.
Computed Tomography Assessment of Cephalic Index and Sella Turcica Dimensions and Morphology in a Nigerian Population
Authors: Chiegwu Hyacienth Uche , Bassey Okon Etim , Ohagwu Christopher Chukwuemeka , Adejoh Thomas , Odunko Daniel Dirioha
Published: June 2023

Cephalic index (CI) is the percentage of biparietal diameter to the occipitofrontal diameter of the skull and can be used in forensic investigations in cases of disputed identity where only fragments of the head/skull are available. The sella turcica houses the pituitary gland whose hormones regulate the functions of many other glands and systems of the body. Abnormal sizes of sella turcica could indicate sella/pituitary pathology with health implications. This study aimed to assess CI, head shapes and sella turcica dimensions and morphology of the Yoruba tribe of Nigeria. The objectives are: to relate CI and head shapes with sella turcica dimensions and morphology, to use CI and head shape to identify and distinguish the Yoruba tribe from other tribes, to use CI and head shape to distinguish between genders. Skull/head and sella turcica dimensions were measured on 321 retrospectively enlisted normal cranial Computed Tomography (CT) images of Yoruba subjects, mean age 55 (SD ± 17) years, in a Tertiary Hospital in South-West Nigeria between January 2020 and April 2021, and then CI calculated. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 27(IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, USA, 2019). Predominant head shape of the studied group was dolichocephalic. Mean CI was 70.0 ± 3.7 and showed no statistically significant difference between gender (P = 0.097). Mean sella length, depth; and anteroposterior diameter was 1.22 ± 0.24 cm, 0.80 ± 0.15 cm, 1.34 ± 0.25 cm respectively. Mean sella length and depth showed significant difference between gender (P = 0.0001; P = 0.032) respectively. Head shape has no association with sella dimensions and morphology. Head shape and CI may stratify populations in forensic practice and surgical planning.
Cosmetology Services in Ukraine: Problems of Legal Regulation
Authors: Muzyka Anatolii Ananiyovych , Cherniak Olena Yuriyivna , Lytvyn Nataliia Anatoliivna , Artemenko Olena Viktorivna , Shevchenko Dmitry Anatoliiovych , Poperechna Hanna Mykhailivna
Published: June 2023

The demand for cosmetology services has been recently growing in Ukraine, but there is no proper legal regulation for their provision. The aim of the article is to analyze the current status and specific features of legal regulation for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine, as well as to suggest the improvements to Ukrainian legislation in this area. The main objective is to distinguish the problems and to develop suggestions to improve regulatory legal acts regulating the provision of cosmetic services in Ukraine. Materials to identify the specific features of the current state of legal regulation in regard to the provision of cosmetology services in Ukraine were the legislation and case law of Ukraine, the works of Ukrainian scholars, analytical materials and Internet resources. The methodological basis of the research is general and special methods of scientific cognition, the use of which is due to specific features of the legal regulation of the market of cosmetology services. It has been stated that there is currently no normatively established procedure and specific features for the implementation of activities for the provision of cosmetology services in Ukrainian laws; there are also no standards for their provision, treatment of complications and training of qualified personnel. The author has formulated proposals to improve the legislation regulating the provision of cosmetology services and cosmetic care to the Ukrainian population. The Ministry of Health of Ukraine was offered to develop and approve a regulatory legal act governing the procedure for the provision of cosmetology services and the list of services that can be provided exclusively by health professionals.
Criminological Analysis of Determinants of Criminal behavior
Authors: Zabarniy Maksym , Topchii Vasyl , Korniakova Tatiana , Topchii Oksana , Topchii Vitalii
Published: June 2023

Understanding the essence of the criminogenic contamination of the person and the ways and possibilities of influencing it is a key to increasing the effectiveness of preventive activities of society and the state in order to reduce the likelihood of committing a criminal offense. This article analyzes the process of determination of criminal conduct. The empirical basis of the scientific article was the provisions of normative legal acts of Ukraine, the provisions of international law, in particular, regarding the determinants of criminal behavior of a person. During the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, a historical and systemic approach were used. The authors argue that the reasons for criminal conduct are individual and can vary significantly on a case-by-case basis. Its dependence on both biological and social factors is stated. The combination of pathological heredity, social environment, and political and economic factors can cause criminal behavior. At the same time, the psychological aspects of illegal acts are taken into account within almost all criminological theories to a greater or lesser extent. As a result, it is possible to answer a number of questions about the determination and nature of criminal behavior, the reasons for the commission of criminal offenses, the peculiarities of the functioning of the mental sphere, psychological problems, complexes, etc. This research can be useful when improving the methods of crime prevention, identifying offenders, and investigating criminal cases. It was concluded that the processes and phenomena of the own organism and the surrounding reality are perceived and refracted through the psyche of the person himself, that is, subjective.
Evaluation of Prescription Writing Skills of Medical Professional Practicing in Varanasi City: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Kusumakar Ananta , Kumar P. G. Naveen , Khairnar Mahesh Ravindra , Sabharwal Harloveen , Akram Zainab
Published: June 2023

Objective:

Prescription writing is an integral part of medical profession. Incorrect prescription writing may lead to errors in instructions about the identity of the recipient, the identity of the drug, the formulation, dose, route, timing, frequency, and duration of administration. Hence, the present survey was undertaken to assess the prescription writing skills of doctors practicing in Varanasi city.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study, and 700 prescriptions dispensed by various doctors were collected for 7 consecutive days from 15 randomly selected pharmacy shops. Collected prescriptions were assessed for patient’s information, doctor’s information, and their legibility using predefined criteria by a calibrated examiner.

Results:

All the collected prescriptions lacked one or more aspects of patient’s or doctor’s details. About 46.2% of prescriptions lacked details about one or more drugs.

Conclusion:

Regarding the legibility of the prescription, it requires awareness programs for doctors to improve the quality of prescriptions. Changes in the registration system can be helpful in preventing errors in the details of the patients and doctors.
Congenital Craniofacial Anomalies amongst Neonates at Major Government Hospital in Bengaluru: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suresh T. , Patel Zulekha
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Craniofacial anomalies (CFAs) are a manifold group of malformations in the growth of the head and face. Congenital anomalies are the major cause for pregnancy termination, infant mortality as well as childhood morbidity. The occurrence of congenital CFAs in the Indian population remains unlashed.

Objectives:

The objective of the study is to assess the frequency of incidence and types of CFAs and also their association with maternal risk factors.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the mothers/babies delivered for 60 days at Vanivilas Hospital, Bengaluru. The anomalies were broadly classified as major and minor, further by structure as cranial, oral, nasal, auricular, and ocular. Data were analyzed to determine the association of these anomalies with mother’s age, gestational age, gender, and weight of the baby.

Results:

Out of 2251 deliveries, 158 were dead of which 12 (7.6%) had major CFAs. About 0.8% of major anomalies and 3.0% of minor anomalies occurred. The most common major craniofacial anomaly observed was anencephaly. In minor anomalies, anomalies of the oral cavity included gingival cyst, tongue-tie, epulis, and natal teeth. Mothers with age >35 years and gestational age <37 weeks had higher risk for major CFAs.

Conclusions:

This study provides baseline information for future prevention and better management of patients likely to have babies with congenital major and minor CFAs.
Comparative Evaluation of Audio-Visual and Verbal Education on Oral Health Status of Diabetes Mellitus Patients Attending a Hospital in Moradabad
Authors: Jain Ankita , Tangade Pradeep , Singh Vikas , Yadav Priyanka , Yadav Jagriti
Published: June 2023

Aim:

This study aims to compare audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad.

Materials and Methods:

The current longitudinal interventional study was conducted to check the efficiency of audio-visual and verbal education on the Oral Health status of DM Patients attending a Hospital in Moradabad, U. P., India. The World Health Organization Oral Health Pro forma 1997 was used to collect information regarding the Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs of the DM patients. After collecting the initial baseline data, the sample was divided into two groups verbal education group (n = 1030) and audio-visual education group (n = 1030). Then, oral health education (OHE) was provided verbally to Group I patients and OHE with audio-visual aids was given to Group II patients visiting Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital. OHE was repeated after each 2 months. At every 6, 12, and 18 months, clinical examination was repeated to evaluate the effectiveness of OHE. Inspection will be conducted under natural daylight on Hospital premises.

Results:

A total of 1926 patients attended all the follow-up and review examination. Subject dropout for Group I was 2% with 1009 at 6th month; 3% with 978 at 12th month; and 1% with 967 at 18th month. The subject dropout rate for Group II was 3% with 999 at 6th month; 0% with 999 at 12th month; and 4% with 959 at 18th month. The difference in subject dropout among the groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.23). After 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with bleeding, calculus, and pockets was further reduced to 115, 114, and 29, respectively in verbal education group while it reduced to 96, 89, and 16, respectively, in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant. At the end of 18 months, the number of Type I and Type II DM patients with decayed teeth were reduced to 486 in verbal education group while it was reduced to 421 in audio-visual education group. The result was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:

A main part of oral disease prevention is done by use of personal oral hygiene measures and maintaining oral hygiene. It is the duty of dental professionals to motivate, demonstrate and instruct patients to maintain appropriate oral health and oral hygiene.
Tobacco use in Kurnool – A Perspective using Global Adult Tobacco Survey Questionnaire
Authors: Gunjapalli Manjunath , Shulamithi Pandi Sudarshan
Published: June 2023

Background:

Tobacco is a commonly used addictive substance which is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In India, tobacco is used in the form of smoking and smokeless tobacco. The diverse demographics of tobacco use, monitoring, raising awareness, and control policies are effective in halting the tobacco epidemic. In order to obtain these various data, the present study was undertaken with an aim to assess tobacco use among the people of Kurnool, India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted which was a household interview-based survey. The study consists of demographic details such as age, education, occupation, and Global Adult Tobacco Survey questionnaire which consist of 20 questions on the usage and type of smoke and smokeless tobacco, second-hand smoke, cessation, anti-cigarette advertising, and economics. A total sample of 950 participants were included which was collected through cluster sampling method in Kurnool district. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentages were calculated.

Results:

The study comprised 656 (69.1%) males and 294 (30.9%) females. The prevalence of tobacco smokers and smokeless tobacco were 163 (17.2%) and 46 (4.8%), respectively. A greater percentage of subjects who smoke inside the home daily and weekly were observed among male subjects and 15–30 years of age group.

Conclusion:

The prevalence was high among tobacco smokers compared to smokeless tobacco users. Furthermore, tobacco usage in the form of smoking and smokeless tobacco, which made quit attempt were observed more among male subjects, 41–50 years of age group, illiterates, and unskilled workers.
Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among School Children of Urban, Rural and Tribal Communities in Mahabubnagar District, Telangana. A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Penigalapati Sivaram , Ramachandruni Nimeshika , Srikanth E. , Setty Srikanth Thammi , Chukkala Sumalatha , Reddy Kola Srikanth
Published: June 2023

Background:

Oral health is an essential component of overall health and well-being. It affects general health, quality of life, including self-esteem, learning, employment, ability to masticate speak, and other routine activities in a child.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs among children of urban, rural, and tribal communities in Mahabubnagar district, Telangana state.

Materials and Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted among 2144 urban, rural, and tribal children residing in Mahabubnagar district. Multi-stage simple random sampling was done to obtain the sample size. An intra-oral examination was performed by a single calibrated examiner to assess the Oral health status using WHO, proforma 1997.

Statistical Analysis:

Data were analyzed using the SPSS version 16 (IBM, India); Pearson Chi-square test was performed to compare qualitative data and to find the statistical significance. Chi-square and Kruskal wallis test was used where applicable when comparing dental caries severity among study population based on age,sex and region. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.005.

Results:

The prevalence dental caries in urban, rural, and tribal regions was found to be 73.12%, 72.47%, and 78.46%, respectively, with an overall prevalence of dental caries 74.76%. The P value came out to be 0.016 (<0.05) which was statistically significant indicating the differed prevalence of dental caries location wise.

Conclusion:

The present study showed that the dental caries was more in rural areas followed by urban and tribal areas. The prevalence of dental caries was 74.76% and the treatment needs was 42%.
Impact of Oral Health Literacy on the Quality of Life among Adult Population of Ghaziabad District – A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Das Dipshikha , Menon Ipseeta , Gupta Ritu , Arora Vikram , Ashraf Asifa , Ahsan Iram
Published: June 2023

Introduction:

Oral health literacy (OHL) represents far more than a healthy mouth, a pleasing smile, and freedom from pain and infection which contributes positively to self-esteem leading to a healthy oral health outcome.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to assess the OHL level and its impact on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among the adult population visiting the outpatient department of a hospital in Ghaziabad district.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Ghaziabad district. A total of 300 study subjects aged above 18 years visiting the outpatient department of the hospital were included in the study. OHL level was assessed with the help of a bilingually adapted Hindi OHL tool, and the OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 scale.

Results:

The mean age of the study subjects was 43.9 ± 14.36 years. Majority (150, 50%) of the study subjects had inadequate OHL level followed by marginal OHL level which was seen among 90 (30%) subjects and 60 (20%) subjects had adequate OHL level. OHL level was slightly higher among females as compared to male subjects although the results were not statistically significant. A highly statistically significant negative correlation was found among OHL scores and OHRQoL scores of any individual.

Conclusion:

This study concluded that raising OHL scores can have a significant impact on OHRQoL of any individual.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Irrigation with 4.8% Bromelain Extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis in the Periodontal Pockets: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yavagal Puja C. , Velangi Chandrabhaga S. , Lakshminarayan Nagesh , Nadar Bhuwaneshwari Gangadharamurthy
Published: June 2023

Background and Objective:

Bromelain, extracted from pineapple, is one of the best-known plant proteases. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of Porphyromonas
gingivalis
in vitro. The study’s objective was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effect of subgingival irrigation with 0.2% chlorhexidine and 4.8% bromelain extract on P. gingivalis levels in the periodontal pockets.

Methodology:

A randomized controlled clinical trial with a parallel-group design was conducted involving 24 adults with a periodontal pocket of 5 mm or more depth, who were randomly allocated to the two interventional groups. In each individual, the pocket of the selected tooth was irrigated with 3 ml of interventional irrigants (0.2% chlorhexidine and 4.8% bromelain extract) once, 24 h after supragingival scaling. The baseline subgingival sample was collected using paper points before irrigation, and the second sample was collected on the 7th day after irrigation. Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantitative microbial analysis was done. The Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were employed for statistical analysis.

Results:

There was a significant postirrigation reduction in the level of P. gingivalis counts within Group A (P = 0.002) and Group B (P = 0.002). On intergroup comparison, a statistically significant (P = 0.05) higher reduction in the level of P. gingivalis counts was observed in the chlorhexidine group (35.40 × 105 ± 34.71 × 105 CFU) compared to the bromelain group (36.20 × 105 ± 29.75 × 105 CFU).

Conclusion:

Periodontal pocket irrigation with 4.8% bromelain resulted in a clinically significant reduction of P. gingivalis counts.
Oral Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Rural and Urban Pregnant Women Attending Obstetrics and Gynecology Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Singh Deepika , Prakash Bharti
Published: June 2023

Context:

During pregnancy, poor oral hygiene practices and inadequate attention toward their oral health have an impact on the developing of the fetus and significant adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the oral hygiene knowledge and practices among rural and urban pregnant women attending obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care hospital of Ajmer, Rajasthan, India.

Settings and Design:

This study was a cross-sectional study. A total of 400 samples were selected by convenience sampling technique.

Subjects and Methods:

A questionnaire containing 12 questions related to knowledge and practices pertaining to the oral health of pregnant women, along with sociodemographic data.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data obtained from this questionnaire were collected and analyzed using the SPSS Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:

A majority of respondents (74%) of urban areas had good oral hygiene status and of rural areas only (44.50%) had good oral hygiene. Awareness of the connection between pregnancy and oral health among the urban participants was 7.5%, whereas only 4.5% of rural participants were aware of the same. Oral hygiene practice was found to be relatively fair in urban participants compared to rural participants. Dental visits were seen to be higher in urban participants.

Conclusion:

This study revealed that the knowledge of pregnant women of the rural group about the association of oral hygiene knowledge and practices was poor. Oral hygiene knowledge and practices were significantly associated with education and socioeconomic status. Therefore, pregnant women need to be educated and made aware in both urban and rural areas of oral hygiene knowledge and practices toward oral health to improve adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Investigating the influence of periodontal disease on the association between complex multimorbidity and health: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alqahtani Hussam M , Koroukian Siran M , Stange Kurt C , Schiltz Nicholas K , Bissada Nabil F
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether periodontal disease (PD) moderates the association between complex multimorbidity (MM) and fair/poor general health in a US representative sample of older individuals.

Materials and Methods:

This study identified 937 participants who were at least 60 years of age from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between complex MM (including chronic conditions, functional limitations, and geriatric syndromes) and self-reported fair/poor general health. Subsequently, we specified interactions between complex MM and PD to determine whether PD moderates the effect of complex MM on fair/poor general health.

Results:

Nineteen percent of participants reported fair/poor general health. Complex MM was associated with 2.2 times greater odds of self-reported fair/poor health. However, PD was neither independently associated with fair/poor health nor an effect modifier for the association between complex MM and fair/poor general health. Age, white race, those with at least a high-school education level, a family income-to-poverty ratio of at least 2, former smoking status, and being married were significantly associated with fair/poor general health.

Conclusion:

Complex MM, but not PD, was associated with greater odds to report fair/poor general health, and PD did not moderate the association between complex MM and fair/poor general health. People with complex MM are more likely to have worse general health; however, PD did not strengthen this association. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether treatment for PD for people vulnerable to the development of complex MM has a positive effect on their general health.
Efficacy of occlusal splints and low-level laser therapy on the mandibular range of motion in subjects with temporomandibular joint disc displacement with reduction
Authors: Emam Abdel-Naser M , Abdel-Gawwad Esmail Ahmed , Baiomy Abdel Aziz Abdullah , Farhat Mostafa Yassin , Atito Ehap , Helal Mohamed Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

The study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of four conservative therapeutic modalities on the mandibular range of motion (MRM) in subjects with anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDwR) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Materials and Methods:

One hundred patients (64 women and 36 men) were selected, and randomly distributed into four groups. Group I: Subjects receiving behavioral therapy (BT). Group II: Subjects receiving low-level laser therapy (LLLT). Group III: Subjects receiving maxillary anterior repositioning splint (MARS). Group IV: Subjects receiving stabilization splint (SS). The MRM was evaluated for each patient before treatment and after 6 months. Paired t test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were used for statistical analysis followed by a post hoc Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05).

Results:

All groups showed significant improvement in MRM after 6 months of treatment (P ≤ 0.05) except for BT. There was a significant improvement for SS and MARS on the different movements of MRM, more than for LLLT and BT (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion:

The MARS and the SS are effective in increasing the MRM for patients with ADDwR.
Identification of potential molecular mechanisms and prognostic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma: A bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Chujan Suthipong , Kitkumthorn Nakarin , Satayavivad Jutamaad
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

The goal of this study was to uncover crucial biochemical pathways, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets in patients with oral cancer in order to enhance therapy strategies.

Materials and Methods:

Five gene expression omnibus datasets were analyzed by using bioinformatics approaches to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). To determine biological alterations, gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were implied using the identified DEGs. Hub genes were determined using protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and an interactome was constructed using NetworkAnalyst. Furthermore, five hub genes were evaluated for use as prognostic markers by using the human protein atlas (HPA) and the GEPIA2.0 database. In addition, the correlations between hub-gene expression and immune cell infiltration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors were analyzed using the tumor immune estimation resource (TIMER) database.

Results:

A total of 2071 upregulated genes and 1893 downregulated genes were identified. GO and pathway analysis showed DEGs were enriched in multiple immune response terms and interaction of inflammatory cytokines. From the PPI network, five hub genes were identified that have a crucial role in OSCC. These included interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), TNF receptor superfamily member 17 (TNFRSF17), CD27, and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1PR4), which were predicted to be favorable prognostic markers for OSCC using HPA. Overall survival analysis revealed that low expression of the five hub genes was significantly associated with worse overall survival. Our analysis of tumor-associated immune infiltration revealed that increased IRF4 expression was positively correlated with the gene expression profiles suggestive of infiltration of all immune cell types, whereas increased CCR7 expression was negatively correlated with neutrophil infiltration. Increased expression of CD27, S1PR4, and TNFRSF17 was found to be negatively correlated with dendritic cell, M0 macrophage, and neutrophil infiltration.

Conclusion:

In summary, inflammation, and the immune response play an important role in OSCC. All five hub genes were good predictors of OSCC prognosis, suggesting that they could be used as potential therapeutic targets and tumor markers.
Misconduct in biomedical research: A meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Phogat Ritu , Manjunath Bhadravathi Cheluvaiah , Sabbarwal Bhavna , Bhatnagar Anurag , Reena  , Anand Deepti
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to assess the nature and prevalence of misconduct in self and nonself-reported biomedical research.

Materials and Methods:

A detailed review of previously conducted studies was conducted through PubMed Central, PubMed, and Google Scholar using MeSH terms: “scientific misconduct,” “Publications,” “plagiarism,” and “authorship,” and keywords: scientific misconduct, gift authorship, ghost authorship, and duplicate publication. MeSH terms and keywords were searched in combinations using Boolean operators “AND” and “OR.” Of 7771 articles that appeared in the search, 107 were selected for inspection. The articles were screened for their quality and inclusion criteria. Finally, 16 articles were selected for meta-analysis. Data analysis was conducted using an Open-Source, Open Meta Analyst, statistical software using the package “metaphor.”

Results:

Plagiarism, data fabrication, and falsification were prevalent in most articles reviewed. The prevalence of research misconduct for plagiarism was 4.2% for self-reported and 27.9% for nonself-reported studies. Data fabrication was 4.5% in self-reported and 21.7% in nonself-reported studies. Data falsification was 9.7% in self-reported and 33.4% in nonself-reported studies, with significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis gives a pooled estimate of the misconduct in research done in biomedical fields such as medicine, dental, pharmacy, and others across the world. We found that there is an alarming rate of misconduct in recent nonself-reported studies, and they were higher than that in the self-reported studies.
The penetration depth of resin infiltration into enamel: A systematic review
Authors: Abang Ibrahim Dayang Fadzlina , Venkiteswaran Annapurny , Hasmun Noren Nor
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:

Studies on resin infiltration and its penetration capability are becoming the focus of emerging dentistry. The depth of resin penetration could be a key determining factor in creating a diffusion barrier and in the success of infiltration. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the penetration depth of commercially available resin infiltration in early caries lesions and to identify factors that influence the penetration capability of resin infiltration.

Materials and Methods:

A literature search was performed in four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science) and manual searching from 2009 to December 2022. Eligibility criteria included in vitro studies pertaining to factors affecting the penetration depth of resin infiltration into the enamel. The risk of bias assessment was done by using checklist for reporting in vitro studies (CRIS).

Results:

The initial search resulted in a total of 297 studies. Twenty-nine were assessed for eligibility, and 23 were selected in the qualitative synthesis. According to the CRIS guidelines, all of the studies were classified as moderate risk of bias. The penetration of resin infiltration is influenced by the enamel surface treatment with hydrochloric acid, formulations containing triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), the addition of ethanol, penetration time, duration of penetration time, saliva contamination, caries activity, and type of tooth. The hypermineralized surface layer needs to be removed for better resin perfusion.

Conclusion:

The key to optimal resin infiltration depends on the enamel surface treatment with hydrochloric acid and application technique, infiltration duration, formulation of TEGDMA and ethanol in the resin composition, as well as the type and caries activity of involved teeth. Resin infiltration has superior penetrability compared to fissure sealant, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes, flowable composite, adhesive and fluoride varnish. Resin penetration depth may be a critical factor in forming a diffusion barrier and the effectiveness of infiltration in halting the progression of caries.
Spontaneous Cervical Intradural Disc Herniation with Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak
Authors: Nathan G. Sudhakshina , Saranraj M. K. , Balamurugan Mangaleswaran
Published: June 2023

Cervical intradural disc herniation is a rare entity with only very few cases reported in the literature. Here, we discuss one such case of C6–C7 intradural disc herniation with neck pain and left-hand weakness. Fusion was not done, and a fat graft was used to seal the cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF) leak with fibrin glue. Although difficult to diagnose preoperatively, cervical intradural disc herniation should be kept in mind by the surgeon to decide on the approach and to manage intraoperative CSF leak effectively.
Mimics of Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Rashid Mohammad Humayun , Hossain Mohammad Nazrul , Ahmed Nazmin , Kazi Raad , Chaurasia Bipin
Published: June 2023

Background:

The incidence of atypical clinicoradiological presentations of spinal tuberculosis (TB) is on the upsurge. Lesions that share similar features should be evaluated thoroughly. Tissue diagnosis remains the only foolproof investigation to confirm the diagnosis before initiation of treatment.

Objectives:

To evaluate the lesions of spine masquerading as tuberculosis

Materials and Methods:

We present two cases who were provisionally diagnosed with a case of tubercular spondylodiscitis based on clinicoradiological findings. After failure of response from anti-tubercular drugs, they underwent operative management for decompression of neural elements and histological confirmation of the provisional diagnosis.

Results:

Clinical features such as back pain, weight loss, gait abnormalities with radiology such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology and GeneXpert helps in the early detection and initiation of treatment of spinal TB. However, in our case, 58-year-old female and 13-year-old male presented with clinic-radiological features consistent with spinal TB. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirm that the first case is due to Aspergillus spinal epidural abscess and second case due to round blue cell neoplasm consistent with Ewing’s sarcoma.

Conclusion:

This article highlights the importance of awareness of the different clinic-radiographic features of spinal lesions, which can mimic a tuberculous spondylodiscitis. In order to avoid delayed diagnosis, clinicians must be aware of differential diagnosis from common to rare entity which may interfere with other clinical conditions.