bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are the effects of using drugs packaged in unit doses to treat malaria?
Authors:   Unit for Health Policy and Systems Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile., Rada Gabriel
Published: August 2022

Millions of people contract malaria each year. The WHO currently promotes artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria, but this may be more difficult for patients to correctly adhere to than other treatments. Packaging a course of treatment in units of a single dose may be a more effective way of ensuring that patients take the correct dosage, and thus of increasing treatment success. In this approach, drugs to be taken together are packaged adjacent to each other, sometimes with colours or other markers to show that the drugs should be taken together.
Does managerial supervision improve the quality of primary healthcare?
Authors:   Unit for Health Policy and Systems Research, School of Medicine, Pontificia  Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Herrera Cristian , Lewin Simon ,   Norwegian Institute of Public Health,  Norway.
Published: August 2022

The expansion of primary healthcare has been accompanied by the shifting of responsibilities for healthcare delivery across to more geographically peripheral health workers. Such health workers, including those with limited formal training, often work in remote areas. Managerial supervision has been identified as a mechanism through which these health workers could be supported, thereby helping to maintain or improve the quality of primary healthcare.
Does decentralised HIV treatment improve health outcomes?
Authors:   Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Ciapponi Agustín
Published: August 2022

Many people living with HIV who need antiretroviral therapy are unable to access or remain in care. This is often because of the time and cost required to travel to health centres. One strategy to address this problem is to move antiretroviral delivery from hospitals to more peripheral health facilities or even beyond health facilities. This could increase the number of people with access to care, enhance retention in treatment programmes, improve health outcomes and reduce costs to people living with HIV and AIDS and health services. However, there are some concerns about the quality of decentralised care and whether health outcomes are equivalent to more centralised care.
Smart city indicators: Towards exploring potential linkages to disaster resilience abilities
Authors: Sharifi Ayyoob
Published: August 2022

Recent advances in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have transformed all aspects of human life. Enabled by these advances, over the past few decades, many smart city initiatives have been developed across the world. Subsequently, various efforts have been made to develop indicators and frameworks for the assessment of smart cities. Generally, smart cities are expected to enhance the quality of life and provide solutions to deal with societal challenges. One major societal challenge is the increase in the frequency and intensity of disasters and adverse events. Therefore, smart cities are expected to contribute to enhancing disaster resilience. Integrating resilience thinking into smart city indicators and assessment frameworks is likely to promote better attention to the resilience contributions of smart cities. Against this background, through reviewing the literature, I first introduce a comprehensive list of indicators for assessing city smartness. Multiple indicators related to economy, people, governance, environment, mobility, living and data dimensions of a smart city are listed. Next, I explore if these indicators are aligned with the four resilience abilities: planning, absorption, recovery, and adaptation. Results show that smart city indicators are particularly linked to planning and absorption abilities. More attention to the recovery and adaptation abilities is, therefore, needed.
al-Taʿrīb fī al-Muṣṭalaḥāt al-Iliktruniyyah wa al-Ṣiḥḥiyyah bi Mauqiʿ mawdoo3.com al-ʿArabiy
Authors: Habri Habri , Roziki Khafid , Al Anshory Abdul Muntaqim
Published: August 2022

The development of modern science and technology today makes Arabic have to adapt to new terms that appear. Arabic absorbs foreign words and phrases and becomes part of Arabic through several processes, including the ta'rib process. This study aims to determine the words or terms that indicate the form of ta'rib in electronics and health fields on the mawdoo3.com website and the methods used in the ta'rib process. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a literature study approach. Data collection techniques used are reading, note-taking, and documentation techniques. The steps in analyzing the data are collecting data from the website, choosing the word or term ta'rib, describing the data and classifying it in tabular form, and drawing conclusions. The study's results revealed that on the mawdoo3.com website, 61 data were showing the words and terms of ta'rib. The method used in the ta'rib process is the translation method with 41 data, iqtibas lafdzi form with 10 data, isytiqaq method with 9 data, and naht method with 1 data.

كان تطور العلوم والتكنولوجيا الحديثة اليوم يجعل اللغة العربية مضطرة للتكيف مع المصطلحات الجديدة. تمتص اللغة العربية الكلمات والمصطلحات الأجنبية وتصبح لغة عربية من خلال عدة عمليات ، بما في ذلك عملية التعريب. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل الكلمات أو المصطلحات التي تدل على شكل التعريب في المجالات الإلكترونية والصحية على موقع mawdoo3.com  العربي، والطرق المستخدمة في عملية التعريب. هذا البحث بحث وصفي نوعي مع دراسة مكتبية. تقنيات جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي تقنيات القراءة والتدوين والتوثيق. تتمثل خطوات تحليل البيانات في جمع البيانات من الموقع واختيار كلمات أومصطلحات التعريب ووصف البيانات وتصنيفها في شكل جدول واستخلاص النتائج. وكشفت نتائج الدراسة على موقع mawdoo3.com أن هناك 61 بيانات توضح كلمات ومصطلحات التعريب. الطريقة المستخدمة في عملية التعريب هي طريقة الترجمة مع 41 بيانات، وطريقة الإقتباس اللفظي في 10 بيانات، وطريقة الإشتقاق في 9 بيانات، وطريقة النحت في بيانات واحدة.
‘Alāmāt at-Tarqīm fī Kitāb al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah bi Indonesia (Taḥlīl al-Akhṭā' min al- Kitāb al-Muqarrar lil-Faṣl al-Sābi’ fī al-Marḥalah al-Mutawassiṭah)
Authors: Faiqoh Putri Kholida
Published: August 2022

This research aimed to identify the errors in the use of punctuations in the Arabic lesson book for 7th-grade students of Islamic Junior High School published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs Republic of Indonesia. This book is good, and it pays great attention to the writing rules of hamzah, tanwin, mad letters, and tasydid. However, the researcher found many errors in the use of punctuation marks. Thus, on the findings, it is expected that there will be more attention and improvement afterward. This research is descriptive qualitative research by the following error findings: exclamation mark (!), period (.), comma (,), question mark (?), brackets (), quotation marks “… “, hyphen (-), and slash (/). First, the error is in its use in sentences, and the placement of spaces as the book’s author follows the rules of Indonesian punctuation. Second, some texts only use periods (.) and commas () due to the author’s lack of knowledge of Arab and world culture, and he focuses only on mufradat. Third, there are reading texts that do not follow the instructions of the Rekon Text.

يهدف هذا البحث إلى التّعرّف على نوع الأخطاء في استخدام علامات التّرقيم في الكتاب المقرّر  للفصل السّابع للمرحلة المتوسّطة الّتي أصدرت به وزارة الشّؤون الدّينيّة بلإندونيسيا. هذا الكتاب جيّد ومهتمّ بقواعد المزات والتّنوين وحروف المدّ والتّشديد. ولكن، وجدت الباحثة أخطاء كثيرة في استخدام علامات التّرقيم. ومن خلال النّتاؤج، رجاء المزيد من الاهتمام والتّحسين بعدُ. هذا البحث هو بحث وصفيّ من حيث الأخطاء التّالية: علامة التّعجّب (!)، النّقطة (.)، الفاصلة (،)، علامة الاستفهام (؟)، القوسان ()، علامة الاقتباس "..."، الواصلة (-)، وشرطة مائلة (/). أولاً، الخطأ استخداماً في الجمل ووضع المسافة حيث يتّبع مؤلّف الكتاب قواعد التّرقيم الإندونيسيّة. ثانياً، هناك بعض النّصوص الّتي تستخدم الفواصل (.) والفاصلات (،) فقط يسبّب قلّة المادّة بالثّقافة العربيّة والعالميّة وتركّز على المفردات فحسب. ثالثاً، هناك النّصوص لا تتّفق بتعليمات النّص السّرديّ.
K-Means Clustering in Determining the Category of Stock Items In Angkasa Mart
Authors: Hardianto Roki , Ramadhan Hardiansyah , Putra Pane Eddissyah , Yunefri Yogi
Published: August 2022

A good and accurate stock management system is crucial in any institution or organization that conducts product buying and selling transactions. This is done to improve stock efficiency, reduce storage costs, be more effective, and meet customer expectations. This research produced three groups of the most desirable products for large stock quantities, moderate stock quantities for products of interest, and low stock quantities for products that were less or not in demand. Data was processed using the clustering method, specifically the K-Means method, which was based on historical sales data that includes the product code, number of transactions, and average sales. This study was carried out using web-based calculations. Testing with the rapid miner application. The research yielded three members of the product group for large stock, 238 large stock, 273 medium stock, and 25 low stock.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Peserta didik pada Materi Peluang
Authors: Rahmat Shafa Khadijah , Arham Hilman Robbany
Published: August 2022

Students' problem solving skills are very important for everyone who will apply them both in other fields of study and in everyday life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematical problem solving abilities of class VIII students in the 2021/2022 academic year. The sample in this study was class VIII students totaling 16 students who were taken randomly at one school in Karawang. This research is a descriptive research, while the data collection technique is done by giving 3 questions about the mathematical problem solving ability test. After the mathematical problem solving ability test is done, students will be divided into 3 categories, namely high, medium, and low. The results of the analysis in this study state that indicator 1 is in the medium category with a percentage of 68.75%, then the second indicator is in the medium category with a percentage of 50%, and the third and fourth indicators are in the low category with a percentage of 31.25% and 18.75 respectively. %. The average mathematical problem solving ability of students is 42.18% and is included in the medium category. The conclusions obtained in this study are that the average ability of students on the material opportunity is in the moderate category, especially in its application, other difficulties faced by students are found when students have not been able to understand the problems in questions or in the concept of arithmetic operations.

Kemampuan pemecahan masalah peserta didik sangatlah penting untuk semua orang yang akan menerapkannya, baik dalam bidang studi lain di luar matematika maupun dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik kelas VIII tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas VIII berjumlah 16 peserta didik yang diambil secara acak pada salah satu sekolah di Karawang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif sedangkan Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian soal tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis sebanyak 3 (tiga) soal. Setelah dilakukan tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, peserta didik akan dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga) kategori yaitu tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Hasil analisis pada penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa pada indikator pertama berkategori sedang dengan presentase 68,75%, lalu indikator kedua berkategori sedang dengan presentase 50%, dan indikator ketiga dan keempat berkategori rendah dengan masing-masing presentase yaitu 31,25% dan 18,75%. Adapun rata-rata kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik sebesar 42,18% dan termasuk dalam kategori sedang. Simpulan yang didapat pada penelitian ini adalah rata-rata kemampuan peserta didik pada materi peluang masuk pada kategori sedang terutama dalam penerapannya, kesulitan lain yang dihadapi peserta didik ditemukan Ketika peserta didik belum mampu memahami permasalahan pada soal ataupun pada konsep operasi hitung.
Peranan Pembelajaran Metafora dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Matematika Peserta didik
Authors: Ningsih Nova Fitria , Yurnalis Yurnalis
Published: August 2022

Metaphor learning is learning that changes abstract mathematical concepts into concrete through actions that connect concepts with pre-existing material and with everyday life. The role of metaphor learning can improve students' mathematics learning achievement. The purpose of this study is to describe the learning of metaphors in improving students' mathematics learning achievement. This research is library research, which is digging information from previous findings regarding the role of metaphor learning in improving students' mathematics learning achievement in the study of literature. Data collection technique in this research is documentation technique. Sources of data used in the form of primary and supporting data sources derived from previous research. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, there are several roles of metaphor learning in improving students' mathematics learning achievement, namely metaphorical learning (1) can change abstract mathematical concepts into concrete through activities connecting concepts with previous material and real life, (2) can improve reasoning abilities students, (3) can encourage students to learn and make students interested in mathematics, (4) indirectly students experience the process of thinking metaphorically through the CREATE stages (Connect, Relate, Explore, Analyze, Transform, and Experience).

Pembelajaran metafora merupakan pembelajaran yang mengubah konsep matematika yang bersifat abstrak menjadi konkrit melalui kegiatan menghubungkan konsep dengan materi yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya dan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari. Peranan pembelajaran metafora dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan peranan pembelajaran metafora dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika peserta didik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) yaitu menggali informasi dari temuan sebelumnya mengenai peranan pembelajaran dengan metafora dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika peserta didik di dalam studi literatur. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik dokumentasi. Sumber data yang digunakan berupa sumber data utama dan pendukung yang berasal dari penelitian sebelumnya. Berdasarkan hasil temuan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terdapat beberapa peranan pembelajaran metafora dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar matematika peserta didik yaitu pembelajaran metafora (1) dapat mengubah konsep matematika yang abstrak menjadi konkrit melalui kegiatan menghubungkan konsep dengan materi sebelumnya dan kehidupan nyata, (2) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik, (3) dapat memberikan semangat kepada peserta didik untuk belajar dan membuat peserta didik tertarik terhadap matematika, (4) secara tidak langsung peserta didik mengalami proses berpikir metafora melalui tahapan CREATE (Connect, Relate, Explore, Analyze, Transform, dan Experience).
The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Students’ Learning Outcomes in the "Belajar dan Pembelajaran" Course
Authors: Arif Nely , Volya Duti , Fajaryani Nunung , Albert Albert
Published: August 2022

Problem Based Learning Model is a learning model that is intensively promoted at the University of Jambi at this time. This study aims to determine whether there is a significant effect on the learning outcomes of English study program students taught with the Problem Based Learning Model in the course of "Belajar dan Pembelajaran (Learning and Instruction). The research design used is Quasi-Experimental Research. This design involves two groups: one as the control group and one as the experimental group. The data obtained from this research is processed by calculating the gain or difference between the pretest and post-test scores. For time efficiency, data were analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solution) program for Windows version 24. Because of the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) 0.381, which means greater than 0.025, it can be decided that H0 is accepted. So it can be concluded that the PBL learning model used in the experimental class is not effective enough to improve student learning outcomes in “Belajar dan Pembelajaran” courses.

Model Problem Based Learning  merupakan model pembelajaran yang sedang gencar-gencarnya digalakkan di Universitas jambi saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh signifikan antara hasil belajar mahasiswa prodi bahasa Inggris yang diajarkan dengan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning pada mata kuliah “Belajar dan Pembelajaran”. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi-Eksperiment Research atau Eksperimen semu. Desain ini melibatkan dua grup. Satu sebagai grup kontrol dan satu sebagai grup eksperimen. Pengolahan Data untuk data yang diperoleh dari pada penelitian ini adalah dengan cara menghitung gain atau selisih antara skor pretest dan postest. Untuk efisiensi waktu, pengolahan data dianalisa dengan menggunakan program SPSS (Statistical Product ang Service Solution) for windows versi 24. Karena nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) 0,381 bearti lebih besar dari 0,025, maka bisa diputuskan H0 diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa model Pembelajaran PBL yang digunakan dikelas eksperimen tidak cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Belajar dan Pembelajaran.
RBM10 Regulates Embryonic Trophoblast Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Chen Xiao , Du Juan , Chen Liyu , Wang Lanlan , Xin Gang
Published: August 2022

Background: Previous studies shown that RNA binding motif proteins (RBM) participate in regulating various physiological processes such as cell autophagy, proliferation, and apoptosis, and are abnormally highly expressed in placental trophoblast cells intervened by hypoxia in vitro, but their molecular mechanisms regulating placental trophoblast damage remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of RBM10 in regulating hypoxia-induced placental trophoblast injury through endoplasmic reticulum stress. Methods: CCK-8 cell proliferation assay and Transwell cell invasion assay were applied to detect the proliferation and invasion ability of normal, hypoxic and RBM10 up-regulated plus hypoxic embryonic trophoblast cells, respectively. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (ERN-1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), apoptosis-related proteins B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and Caspase-3, and autophagy-related proteins including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3), Beclin-1 and P62 were also detected by western blot assays. The effects of hypoxia and overexpression of RBM10 on placental trophoblast apoptosis were examined using flow cytometry. Results: We found that the growth and invasion ability of placental trophoblast cells treated with hypoxia were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and the upregulation of RBM10 further led to the decrease of the growth and invasion ability of hypoxic placental trophoblast cells. In addition, hypoxia promoted the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins (p < 0.05), which triggered apoptosis and autophagy of embryonic trophoblast cells. The data showed that embryonic trophoblast cells regulated cell injury by stimulating endoplasmic reticulum stress after hypoxia. after upregulation of RBM10 expression, the expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins ERN-1 and CHOP were further increased (p < 0.05), and the apoptosis rate of embryonic trophoblast cells was further increased (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that post-hypoxia mediates autophagy in embryonic trophoblast cells through stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, thereby promoting apoptosis. Overexpression of RBM10 levels regulates the proliferative, apoptotic capacity of trophoblast cells by affecting cellular endoplasmic reticulum stress. RBM10 plays an important role in regulating hypoxia-induced autophagy and apoptosis in trophoblast cells, and RBM10 upregulation can further stimulate endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in trophoblast cells.
An Overview of Outpatient Hysteroscopy
Authors: Ignaszak-Kaus Natalia , Chmaj-Wierzchowska Karolina , Nowak Adrian , Wszołek Katarzyna , Wilczak Maciej
Published: August 2022

Objective: Hysteroscopic procedures are minimally invasive procedures that enable to assess the uterine cavity (diagnostic hysteroscopy) and to treat intrauterine lesions (operative hysteroscopy). In recent years have witnessed a steady increase in the number of procedures performed via minimally invasive surgery (MIS) including hysteroscopies. Most outpatient hysteroscopies are painless, without complications, and not only allow to diagnose but also treat several intrauterine pathologies. Vaginoscopy hysteroscopy without using speculum, tenaculum and other potentially painful instrumentation should become the default method for outpatient hysteroscopy. This ‘no-touch’ technique is faster in contrary to standard hysteroscopy and is associated with less pain. Mechanism: A wide range of feasible procedures, constantly improved endoscopic equipment and tools, improving the technical conditions of the procedure, as well as short hospitalization time and a quick recovery period, are just some of the benefits of hysteroscopic surgeries. Findings in Brief: Performing hysteroscopy in an outpatient setting without general anesthesia addictionally reduces treatment cost and avoid of possible complications of general anesthesia. Conclusions: Performing hysteroscopy in an outpatient setting without general anesthesia (with the patient’s consciousness preserved during the surgery) reduces treatment cost and shortens the duration of hospitalization and convalescence, thus increasing patient satisfaction with care.
The Effect of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in an Ovarian Torsion Rat Model: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Aydoğmuş Süheyla , Gözüküçük Murat , Akdoğan Mustafa Can , Ayhan Sevgi , Sarı Mustafa Erkan , Kotanoğlu Mustafa , Çaydere Muzaffer , Şeneş Mehmet , Üstün Yusuf
Published: August 2022

Background: Ovarian torsion is an important gynecological emergency and various agents are used in the experimental phase to prevent ovarian injury. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) use on ischemia/reperfusion injury in torsion/detorsion model of rat ovary. Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was designated as the sham group, and torsion/detorsion was applied to the remaining three groups. The third group was given saline and the fourth group was given G-CSF before detorsion. The total antioxidant and oxidant status, oxidative stress index, catalase, malondialdehyde and total thiol values were measured in rat ovaries, and after torsion/detorsion the follicles numbers of rat ovary were determined by histopathological examination. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in oxidative stress markers. However, the primary and secondary follicle numbers in the G-CSF group were significantly higher than the other torsion/detorsion groups (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Although the use of G-CSF in the rat ovary torsion/detorsion model was histopathologically protective in terms of the number of primary and secondary follicles, no difference was found in biochemical markers associated with reperfusion injury.
INFORMATION EXTRACTION FROM NEWS TEXTS USING A JOINT DEEP LEARNING MODEL
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University, Anisiutin Leonid , Batura Tatiana ,   A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, Shvarts Nikita ,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: August 2022

This paper describes the experiments for the task on information extraction from news texts in Russian in a setting with a wide variety of types of entities and relations. We have adapted the SpERT model which uses the BERT network as a core for the joint extraction of entities and relations. The results obtained for the named entity recognition are quite good and comparable with the results on English datasets. However, the hypothesis that the joint extraction of entities and relations improves the quality of extraction has not been confirmed. The results showed that using a full context instead of a local context improves the quality of extraction of both entities and relations.
Environmental Aspirations in an Unsettled Time: Pierre Elliott Trudeau, the Club of Rome, and Canadian Environmental Politics in the 1970s
Authors: Orr Christopher J.
Published: August 2022

Plagued by economic, energy, and national unity troubles, the 1970s were a tumultuous time in Canadian federal politics. Much less is known about Pierre Elliott Trudeau’s environmental aspirations. This article provides an account of the ideas, policies, and actions in Canadian federal politics 1968–1982. This account demonstrates that Canadian leaders aspired to a transformative environmental agenda, including a systems approach, a critique of economic growth in favour of alternative visions of prosperity, and a shift in societal values from consumerism and greed toward sufficiency and well-being. The onslaught of problems in the mid-1970s was a significant turning point in Canadian environmental politics. Although Trudeau did not discard his holistic environmental vision, he was unable to move from environmental rhetoric to action. This analysis contributes important insights into the pitfalls of navigating unsettled times such as the 1970s and has important implications for current prospects and opportunities for change.
How Effective Are Failure Analysis Methods for the 65 nm CMOS Technology Node?
Authors: Lamy Magali , de la Bardonnie Marc , Lorut Frederic , Ross Ryan , Wyon Christophe , Kwakman Laurens F. Tz.
Published: August 2022

This article assesses the capabilities of failure analysis techniques in the context of 65 nm CMOS ICs. It demonstrates the use of OBIRCH, voltage contrast, Seebeck effect imaging, SEM and TEM techniques, and FIB cross-sectioning on failures such as dielectric breakdown, open and resistive vias, voids, shorts, delaminations, and gate oxide defects.
DETERMINATION OF TOTAL FLAVONOID IN JAMU “X” WITH UV-VISIBLE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS
Authors: Haresmita Perdana Priya , Pradani Missya Putri Kurnia
Published: August 2022

Jamu is still the choice of Indonesian people as an alternative to modern medicine until now. As a cultural heritage of the Indonesian, jamu is still very popular from the west to the east of Indonesia. The enthusiasm of the Indonesian in consuming jamu has encouraged many traditional medicine industries to produce jamu with many kinds of claim. Jamu "X" is claimed to help maintain body health. This research was conducted to determine the total flavonoid content in jamu "X" calculated as rutin by UV-spectrophotometric method with aluminum chloride (AlCl3) reagent. Jamu "X" is a product with new formula that is expected to be marketed soon. The determination of the maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was carried out at a wavelength of 400-800 nm and the resulting maximum absorbance wavelength of rutin was 416.5 nm. The determination of total flavonoid calculated as rutin determined using a linear regression equation from the rutin standard. The linear regression equation was determined from a rutin standard curve series with 10; 12.5; 15; 17.5 and 20 g/ml, respectively and the linear regression equation obtained y = 0.0275x + 0.093. The results of the determination of rutin in the jamu "X" were 1.474%; 1.474% and 1.469% with an average value of 1.472%.
Trends of single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion documentation after the 2015 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services coding audit
Authors: Patel Akshar H. , Ofa Sione A. , Collins Lacee K. , McCluskey Leland C. , Sherman William F. , Cyriac Mathew
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

With the use of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) expected to rise by 13.3% from 2020 to 2040, the increased usage of interbody cages with integral anterior fixation prompted a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) review, which resulted in coding changes affecting anterior instrumentation documentation. CMS determined that Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) code 22845 should not be used to report integrated instrumentation (plate) with an interbody device, and if additional anterior instrumentation (e.g., plates and screws) is placed with an integrated interbody device, then a 59 modifier should be used. There is sparse literature examining the trends of ACDF without and with additional anterior instrumentation after the 2015 CMS audit. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the trends of single-level subaxial ACDF utilization from 2011 to 2019 to determine whether the 2015 CMS audit influenced the documented usage of additional anterior instrumentation.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was performed using the commercially available database PearlDiver. Patient records were queried from 2011 to 2019 for single-level subaxial ACDF without (CPT code 22551) and with (CPT codes 22551 + 22845) instrumentation. Cochran-Armitage trend analyses were performed to evaluate the hypothesis that ACDF with additional anterior instrumentation decreased over the given time period.

RESULTS

Between 2011 and 2019, the total number of single-level ACDFs decreased from 6202 to 4402. From 2011 to 2015, an average of 6240 patients per year underwent single-level subaxial ACDF; of those, 950 patients (15.2%) had ACDF without instrumentation and 5290 patients (84.8%) had ACDF with instrumentation. In 2016, the total number of single-level subaxial ACDFs decreased to 5525, with 1006 patients (18.2%) receiving no instrumentation and 4519 patients (81.8%) receiving instrumentation. From 2017 to 2019, an average of 4283 patients per year underwent a single-level subaxial ACDF; of these, 1280 (29.9%) had no instrumentation and 3003 (70.1%) had instrumentation (all p < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

From 2015 to 2019, single-level ACDF without instrumentation significantly increased by 91.5% and ACDF with anterior instrumentation significantly decreased by 18.1%. The 2015 CMS audit of interbody cages and anterior instrumentation coding (CPT code 22845) may account for the decreased documentation of anterior instrumentation in the 9-year period. Understanding CMS auditing could help surgeons perceive changes in practice patterns that may lead to a more thorough evaluation of patient outcomes, cost, and overall value.
A history of Colombian neurosurgery: events, persons, and outcomes that have shaped the specialty in the country
Authors: Osorio Fonseca Enrique , Cadavid Luis C. , Cespedes Jorge , Vargas John , Grady Matthew , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Berbeo Miguel Enrique , Ordóñez-Mora Edgar G. , Ordóñez-Rubiano Edgar G. , Alvernia Jorge E.
Published: August 2022

The history of Colombian neurosurgery is a collective legacy of neurosurgeon-scientists, scholars, teachers, innovators, and researchers. Anchored in the country’s foundational values of self-determination and adaptability, these pioneers emerged from the Spanish colonial medical tradition and forged surgical alliances abroad. From the time of Colombian independence until the end of World War I, exchanges with the French medical tradition produced an emphasis on anatomical and systematic approaches to the emerging field of neurosurgery. The onset of American neurosurgical expertise in the 1930s led to a new period of exchange, wherein technological innovations were added to the Colombian neurosurgical repertoire. This diversity of influences culminated in the 1950s with the establishment of Colombia’s first in-country neurosurgery residency program. A select group of avant-garde neurosurgeons from this period expanded the domestic opportunities for patients and practitioners alike. Today, the system counts 10 recognized neurosurgery residency programs and over 500 neurosurgeons within Colombia. Although the successes of specific individuals and innovations were considered, the primary purpose of this historical survey was to glean relevant lessons from the past that can inform present challenges, inspire new opportunities, and identify professional and societal goals for the future of neurosurgical practice and specialization.
Use of acute cognitive symptom cluster to predict return-to-learn duration following a sport-related concussion
Authors: Tang Alan R. , Davis Philip J. , Williams Kristen L. , Grusky Alan Z. , Hajdu Katherine S. , Hou Brian Q. , Yengo-Kahn Aaron M. , Zuckerman Scott L. , Terry Douglas P.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Adolescents sustaining sport-related concussion often experience difficulties with the return-to-learn (RTL) process. Whereas the initial symptom burden has predicted prolonged RTL, no studies have established a relationship between acute cognitive symptoms and RTL duration. The authors sought to evaluate the relationship between initial cognitive symptoms and RTL duration.

METHODS

A retrospective single-institution cohort study of adolescent athletes aged 12–23 years who were evaluated within 5 days of a diagnosed sport-related concussion between November 2017 and October 2020 was conducted. Athletes missing cognitive symptom ratings and RTL data were excluded. The primary exposure variable was the Cognitive Symptom Ratio (CSR), defined as total cognitive symptom cluster score divided by total Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) score from the initial clinic visit. Primary and secondary outcomes were time to RTL and total length of care, respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the effect of CSR on RTL duration.

RESULTS

Of 653 athletes evaluated within 5 days of injury, 346 patients were included in the final cohort. Athletes reported a median initial PCSS score of 21 (interquartile range [IQR] 6–37) and a median cognitive symptom score of 4 (IQR 0–9). Most patients endorsed some degree of difficulty concentrating (n = 212, 61.3%). The median CSR was 0.18 (IQR 0.00–0.27). On multivariable regression analysis, a higher CSR was associated with prolonged RTL duration (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.69, p = 0.004). When initial PCSS score was added to the model, the previously significant association between CSR and RTL was no longer significant (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.29–1.59, p = 0.367). When dichotomized based on frequency distribution, a higher proportion of patients with low CSR achieved RTL by 7 days postinjury (82.2% vs 69.9%, p = 0.007), a difference not seen at 14 days (92.2% vs 87.3%, p = 0.133).

CONCLUSIONS

An acute ratio of cognitive symptoms may predict patients at increased risk for prolonged RTL and those with normal PCSS scores who may experience difficulties once resuming school activities.
Outcomes following conservative treatment of extension fractures in the setting of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis: is external orthosis alone a reasonable option?
Authors: Page Paul S. , Greeneway Garret P. , Lake Wendell B. , Brooks Nathaniel P. , Josiah Darnell T. , Hanna Amgad S. , Resnick Daniel K.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVE

Extension fractures in the setting of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) represent highly unstable injuries. As a result, these fractures are most frequently treated with immediate surgical fixation to limit any potential risk of associated neurological injury. Although this represents the standard of care, patients with significant comorbidities, advanced age, or medical instability may not be surgical candidates. In this paper, the authors evaluated a series of patients with extension DISH fractures who were treated with orthosis alone and evaluated their outcomes.

METHODS

A retrospective review from 2015 to 2022 was conducted at a large level 1 trauma center. Patients with extension-type DISH fractures without neurological deficits were identified. All patients were treated conservatively with orthosis alone. Baseline patient characteristics and adverse outcomes are reported.

RESULTS

Twenty-seven patients were identified as presenting with extension fractures associated with DISH without neurological deficit. Of these, 22 patients had complete follow-up on final chart review. Of these 22 patients, 21 (95.5%) were treated successfully with external orthosis. One patient (4.5%) who was noncompliant with the brace had an acute spinal cord injury 1 month after presentation, requiring immediate surgical fixation and decompression. No other complications, including skin breakdown or pressure ulcers related to bracing, were reported.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment of extension-type DISH fractures may be a reasonable option for patients who are not candidates for safe surgical intervention; however, a risk of neurological injury secondary to delayed instability remains, particularly if patients are noncompliant with the bracing regimen. This risk should be balanced against the high complication rate and potential mortality associated with surgical intervention in this patient population.
$Q$-Curvature Tensor on $f$-Kenmotsu $3$-Manifolds
Authors: YADAV Sunil , YILDIZ Ahmet
Published: August 2022

The object of the present paper is to consider $f$-Kenmotsu $3$-manifolds fulfilling certain curvature conditions on $Q$-curvature tensor with the Schouten-van Kampen connection. Certain consequences of $Q$-curvature tensor on such manifolds bearing Ricci soliton in perspective of Schouten-van Kampen association are likewise displayed. In the last segment, examples are given.
Microvascular tissue perfusion after postcatheterization pseudoaneurysm treatment
Authors: Stern M. , Schremmer J. , Scharm S. , Baasen S. , Heinen Y. , Sansone R. , Polzin A. , Jung C. , Heiss C. , Kelm M. , Busch L.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND: Femoral pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is a severe complication after endovascular procedures. Ultrasound-guided manual compression (MC) and percutaneous thrombin injection (TI) are frequently used treatments. MC is less effective, TI may cause thromboembolic events. OBJECTIVE: Up to date, there is no data regarding impairment of microvascular tissue perfusion after PSA treatment. METHODS: In this single-center, prospective study 22 patients with PSA were included. We compared macro- and microcirculatory perfusion in the treated and untreated leg at baseline before, after and one day after treatment. Leg perfusion was assessed with ultrasound and ankle-brachial index (ABI). Microcirculatory perfusion of the feet was measured with a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) camera generating StO2-tissue-maps. RESULTS: Successful PSA thrombosis was achieved in 16 (100%) patients in TI group and in 4 (66.7%) patients in MC group. There was no evidence of arterial thrombi on ultrasound and the ABI did not differ between groups. NIRS StO2-tissue-maps of the feet showed no significant difference in both groups concerning the treated (p = 0.121) or the untreated (p = 0.198) leg during follow up. CONCLUSIONS: In this small exploratory study, there was no evidence of micro- and macrovascular tissue perfusion impairment after treatment of postcatheterization femoral pseudoaneurysm with thrombin injection underscoring the safety of this approach.
Dementia Risk Reduction in Primary Care: A Scoping Review of Clinical Guidelines Using a Behavioral Specificity Framework
Authors: Godbee Kali , Guccione Lisa , Palmer Victoria J. , Gunn Jane , Lautenschlager Nicola , Francis Jill J.
Published: August 2022

Background: Primary care practitioners are being called upon to work with their patients to reduce dementia risk. However, it is unclear who should do what with whom, when, and under what circumstances. Objective: This scoping review aimed to identify clinical guidelines for dementia risk reduction (DRR) in primary care settings, synthesize the guidelines into actionable behaviors, and appraise the guidelines for specificity. Methods: Terms related to “dementia”, “guidelines”, and “risk reduction” were entered into two academic databases and two web search engines. Guidelines were included if they referred specifically to clinical practices for healthcare professionals for primary prevention of dementia. Included guidelines were analyzed using a directed content analysis method, underpinned by the Action-Actor-Context-Target-Time framework for specifying behavior. Results: Eighteen guidelines were included in the analysis. Together, the guidelines recommended six distinct clusters of actions for DRR. These were to 1) invite patients to discuss DRR, 2) identify patients with risk factors for dementia, 3) discuss DRR, 4) manage dementia risk factors, 5) signpost to additional support, and 6) follow up. Guidelines recommended various actors, contexts, targets, and times for performing these actions. Together, guidelines lacked specificity and were at times contradictory. Conclusion: Currently available guidelines allow various approaches to promoting DRR in primary care. Primary care teams are advised to draw on the results of the review to decide which actions to undertake and the locally appropriate actors, contexts, targets, and times for these actions. Documenting these decisions in more specific, local guidelines for promoting DRR should facilitate implementation.
Quantifying Huntingtin Protein in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Using a Novel Polyglutamine Length-Independent Assay
Authors: Fodale Valentina , Pintauro Roberta , Daldin Manuel , Spiezia Maria Carolina , Macdonald Douglas , Bresciani Alberto
Published: August 2022

Background: The use of biomarkers has become a major component of clinical trial design. In Huntington’s disease (HD), quantifying the amount of huntingtin protein (HTT) in patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has served as a pharmacodynamic readout for HTT-lowering therapeutic approaches and is a potential disease progression biomarker. To date, an ultrasensitive immunoassay to quantify mutant HTT protein (mHTT) has been used, but additional assays are needed to measure other forms of HTT protein. Objective: We aimed to develop an ultrasensitive immunoassay to quantify HTT protein in a polyglutamine length-independent manner (mHTT and non-expanded wild type HTT combined) in control and HD participant CSF samples. Methods: An ultrasensitive, bead-based, single molecule counting (SMC) immunoassay platform was used for the detection of HTT protein in human CSF samples. Results: A novel ultrasensitive SMC immunoassay was developed to quantify HTT protein in a polyglutamine length-independent manner and shown to measure HTT in both control and HD participant CSF samples. We validate the selectivity and specificity of the readout using biochemical and molecular biology tools, and we undertook a preliminary analytical qualification of this assay to enable its clinical use. We also used this novel assay, along with the previously described mHTT assay, to analyze CSF from control and HD participants. The results of this preliminary set suggests that correlation is present between mHTT and the polyglutamine length-independent HTT levels in human CSF. Conclusion: We have developed a novel ultrasensitive immunoassay that is able to quantify HTT protein in a polyglutamine length-independent manner in control and HD participant CSF.
RETRACTED: Human activity recognition based on an amalgamation of CEV & SGM features
Authors: Bakhat Khush , Kifayat Kashif , Islam M. Shujah , Islam M. Mattah
Published: August 2022

This article has been retracted. A retraction notice can be found at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219433.
Measures of association of local trends and networks of foreign exchange market in analysis of currency co-movement
Authors: Aguilar Diego , Batyrshin Ildar
Published: August 2022

In recent years it has become popular to represent the foreign exchange market as a correlation network using the Pearson correlation coefficient as a measure of co-movement of exchange rates. We show that the Pearson correlation of financial time series could be misleading in analyzing their co-movements. We propose representing the co-movement of exchange rates as a non-directed graph using the measure of local trends associations (LTA). Each node in the graph represents a currency, and an edge between nodes represents an existing high association between currencies. We present several methods for network summary visualization showing the highest associations between nodes. One method allows comparing graphs corresponding to different correlation and association measures. Another one is appropriate for comparing graphs using the same association measure. We present a dynamic analysis of association networks and the network of associations with a selected currency named a “node of interest.” We show that the currency networks based on LTA are better explainable than networks based on Pearson correlation. LTA based relationships between currencies better reflect geographical, economic or political relationships between corresponding countries.
Western-style diet does not negatively affect the healthy aging benefits of lifelong restrictive feeding
Authors: Reijne Aaffien C. , Talarovicova Alzbeta , Coolen Alex , Bruggink Jan E. , Ciapaite Jolita , Bleeker Aycha , Groen Albert K. , Reijngoud Dirk-Jan , Bakker Barbara M. , van Dijk Gertjan
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND:

Lifelong consumption of a Western-style diet is a risk factor for developing metabolic disorders and therefore impairs healthy aging. Dietary restriction (DR) could delay the onset of age-related diseases and prolong life span, however, the extent to which this depends on diet type is poorly understood.

OBJECTIVE:

To study whether feeding a Western-style diet affects the healthy aging benefits of DR.

METHODS:

Mice fed a Western-style diet ( ad libitum and DR) were compared to those fed a standard healthy diet ( ad libitum and DR). Survival and several metabolic and endocrine parameters were analyzed.

RESULTS:

Lifelong consumption of a Western-style diet resulted in increased adiposity, elevated triglyceride levels in plasma, higher homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance and higher resting metabolic rate in mice compared to the standard diet group. This was accompanied by reduced survival in the Western-style diet group. DR irrespective of diet type improved abovementioned parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:

Lifelong restricted consumption of Western-style diet led to improved metabolic and endocrine parameters, and increased survival compared to the ad libitum Western-style diet group. Interestingly, the survival was comparable in restricted Western-style and standard diet groups, suggesting that reduced food intake rather than diet composition play more important role in promoting longevity/survival.