bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Transient Flow in Unsaturated Geomaterials for Rainfall-Induced Landslides Using a Novel Spacetime Collocation Method
Authors: Ku Cheng-Yu , Liu Chih-Yu , Su Yan , Xiao Jing-En
Published: August 2018

The modeling of transient flow in unsaturated soils for rainfall-induced landslides using a novel spacetime collocation method is presented. A numerical solution obtained in the spacetime coordinate system is approximated by superpositioning Trefftz basis functions satisfying the linearized Richards equation for collocation points on the spacetime domain boundary. The Gardner exponential model is adopted to derive the linearized Richards equation to describe the soil-water characteristic curve in unsaturated soils. To deal with the rainfall-induced landslides, the infinite slope stability analysis coupled with the proposed meshless method with the consideration of the fluctuation of time-dependent matric suction is developed. The proposed method is validated for several test problems. Application examples of transient modeling of flow for rainfall-induced landslides in homogenous unsaturated soils are also conducted. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is highly accurate to deal with transient flow in unsaturated soils for rainfall-induced landslides. In addition, it is found that the numerical method using the Richards equation with the Gardner model may provide a promising solution for different soil textures.
Risk Factors for Acute Hemorrhagic Rectal Ulcer Syndrome and Its Prognosis: A Density Case-Control Study
Authors: Komai Toshihiko , Omata Fumio , Shiratori Yasutoshi , Kobayashi Daiki , Arioka Hiroko
Published: August 2018

Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer syndrome (AHRUS) can cause fatal gastrointestinal bleeding. However, there have been few epidemiological studies investigating risk factors of AHRUS. To determine the risk factors and predict one-year survival after onset of AHRUS, we conducted a retrospective density case-control study in a tertiary referral hospital. Patients with hematochezia, bloody stool, and rectal ulcer confirmed by colonoscopy between 2003 and 2011 were diagnosed as AHRUS (n=38). Patients with malignancies, infectious colitis, ulcerative colitis, or solitary rectal ulcer syndrome were excluded. Control subjects (n=123) without rectal ulcer were selected by risk set sampling for each AHRUS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the significant adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of hospitalization, antithrombotic drug use, and one gram increase of serum albumin was 15.7 (2.25–108.9), 12.1 (1.53–94.4), and 0.11 (0.02–0.52), respectively. Endoscopic hemostasis for rectal bleeding was performed in 8 cases (21%). Seventeen percent of patients died within one year after the episode of AHRUS from non-AHRUS causes. This study revealed that hospitalization, antithrombotic drug use, and lower serum albumin value were significant risk factors for AHRUS, and that AHRUS was an unfavorable prognostic condition. This information could be helpful in recognizing high-risk patients of rectal bleeding and applying preventive measures.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice toward Antibiotic Use among Harar City and Its Surrounding Community, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Jifar ALemnesh , Ayele Yohanes
Published: August 2018

Purpose. Community plays significant role in the process of emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice toward antibiotic use among Harar city and its surrounding community, Eastern Ethiopia. Patient and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 subjects from February 1 to May 1, 2017, through interview using pretested structured questionnaires. The data was entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science for windows version 20. Results. A large number of the respondents (83%) replied that antibiotics speed up the recovery from coughs and colds. The majority of participants (78.4%) agreed that the unnecessarily use of antibiotics can increase the resistance of bacteria. Many respondents agreed on the importance of taking full dose (92.1%) and not to keep antibiotics for future use in their home (87.2%). They (90%) also had belief that antibiotics should not be shared from family or friends without a physician consultation and significant participants (73.1%) emphasized on the need for prescription to collect antibiotics from pharmacy. Around 79% of the subjects reported the use of antibiotic 1 year prior to study period at least once. During this period many subjects (65.3%) self-prescribed antibiotics without consulting physicians. Conclusion. In the present study, widespread use of antibiotics was reported, most of this antibiotics being accessed without prescription. Respondent exhibited poor knowledge and attitude toward antibiotics use. There were also malpractices such as failing to take full dose. Therefore, educational interventions on antibiotics use and its association with drug resistance are needed to promote judicious use of antibiotic. Introducing and enforcing antibiotics regulations should be also considered to reduce antibiotics self-prescription.
Aqueous Extract of Glucoraphanin‐Rich Broccoli Sprouts Inhibits Formation of Advanced Glycation End Products and Attenuates Inflammatory Reactions in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Sotokawauchi Ami , Ishibashi Yuji , Matsui Takanori , Yamagishi Sho-ichi
Published: August 2018

We have previously shown that sulforaphane not only inhibits formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) but also exerts anti‐inflammatory effects on AGE‐exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and AGE‐injected rat aortae. Here we examined the effects of aqueous extract of glucoraphanin‐rich broccoli sprouts on formation of AGEs and then investigated whether the extract could attenuate inflammatory or oxidative stress reactions in tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐ or AGE‐exposed HUVECs. Fresh broccoli sprouts were homogenized in phosphate‐buffered saline and filtered through a gauze. After centrifugation, clear extract was obtained. AGE formation was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Gene expression was evaluated by real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were measured using a fluorescent dye. Five percent broccoli sprout extract inhibited the formation of AGEs, reduced basal gene expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1,) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE), and upregulated endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA levels in HUVECs. TNF‐α upregulated MCP‐1, ICAM‐1, and RAGE mRNA levels in HUVECs, all of which were attenuated by the treatment with 1% broccoli sprout extract. Pretreatment of 1% broccoli sprout extract prevented the ROS generation in HUVECs evoked by AGEs. The present study demonstrates that sulforaphane‐rich broccoli sprout extract could inhibit the AGE‐RAGE axis and exhibit anti‐inflammatory actions in HUVECs. Supplementation of sulforaphane‐rich broccoli sprout extract may play a protective role against vascular injury.
Electronic Medical Alerts Increase Screening for Chronic Hepatitis B: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Chak Eric , Taefi Amir , Li Chin-Shang , Chen Moon S. , Harris Aaron M. , MacDonald Scott , Bowlus Christopher
Published: August 2018

Background: Implementation of screening recommendations for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among foreign-born persons at risk has been sub-optimal. The use of alerts and reminders in the electronic health record (EHR) has led to increased screening for other common conditions. The aim of our study was to measure the effectiveness of an EHR alert on the implementation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening of foreign-born Asian and Pacific Islander (API) patients.

Methods: We used a novel technique to identify API patients by self-identified ethnicity, surname, country of origin, and language preference, and who had no record of CHB screening with HBsAg within the EHR. Patients with Medicare and/or Medicaid insurance were excluded due to lack of coverage for routine HBsAg screening at the time of this study. At-risk API patients were randomized to alert activation in their EHR or not (control).

Results: A total of 2,987 patients met inclusion criteria and were randomized to the alert (n = 1,484) or control group (n = 1,503). In the alert group, 119 patients were tested for HBsAg, compared with 48 in the control group (odds ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.88–3.73; P < 0.001). In the alert group, 4 of 119 (3.4%) tested HBsAg-positive compared with 5 of 48 (10.4%) in the control group (P = 0.12).

Conclusions: An EHR alert significantly increased HBsAg testing among foreign-born APIs.

Impact: Utilization of EHR alerts has the potential to improve implementation of hepatitis B–screening guidelines. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(11); 1352–7. ©2018 AACR.
Pediatric Adapted Liking Survey: A Novel, Feasible and Reliable Dietary Screening in Clinical Practice
Authors: Smith Sharon R. , Johnson Stephanie T. , Oldman Samantha M. , Duffy Valerie B.
Published: August 2018

Purpose: Rapid yet useful methods are needed to screen for dietary behaviors in clinical settings. We tested the feasibility and reliability of a pediatric adapted liking survey (PALS) to screen for dietary behaviors and suggest tailored caries and obesity prevention messages. Methods: In an observational study, children admitted to a pediatric emergency department (PED) for nonurgent care were approached to complete the PALS (33 foods, 4 nonfoods including brushing teeth). Measured height/weight were used for body mass index (BMI) percentile determination. Feasibility was assessed by response rate and PALS completion time. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency of food groups and test-retest reliability for PED-home reported PALS. Results: PALS was completed by 144 children (96% of approached) – 54% male (average age = 11 ± 3 years) with diversity in family income (43% publicly insured), race/ethnicity (15% African American, 33% Hispanic, 44% Caucasian) and adiposity (3% underweight, 50% normal, 31% overweight, 17% obese, 8% extremely obese). The average completion time was 3: 52 min, and conceptual food groups had reasonable internal reliability. From 57% (n = 82) with PED-home completion, PALS had a good/excellent test-retest reliability. Relative preferences for sweets versus brushing teeth identified unique groups of children for tailored prevention messages (high sweet/brushing preference, sweets > brushing, brushing > sweets). Females with higher adiposity reported significantly greater preference for sweet/high-fat foods, independently of demographic variables; the relationship was nonsignificant in males and with the other food groups. Conclusion: The PALS appears to be a fast, feasible and reliable dietary screener in a clinical setting to assist in forming tailored diet-related messages for dental caries and obesity prevention.
Comparison of Radical Nephrectomy and Partial Nephrectomy for T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Chao , Liao Zhaolin
Published: August 2018

Objective: To contrast the clinical effects and complications for the treatment of T1 renal carcinoma in partial nephrectomy (PN) and radical nephrectomy (RN). Methods: Multiple databases were adopted to search relevant studies, and articles that eventually satisfied the inclusion criteria were included. All meta-analyses were conducted with the Review Manager 5.0, and to estimate the quality of each article, risk of bias table was performed. Results: In the end, 13 studies including 13,269 patients were involved, which eventually satisfied the eligibility criteria. The number of samples in the PN group and the RN group were 6,145 and 7,124 respectively. The results of heterogeneity test suggested that the operating time (mean difference [MD] = –13.02, 95% CI [–14.15 to –11.89], p < 0.00001; p for heterogeneity < 0.00001, I2 = 100%), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at 24 h after surgery (MD = 11.28, 95% CI [10.71–11.85], p < 0.00001; p for heterogeneity < 0.000001, I2 = 98%), and recurrence (OR 0.99, 95% CI [0.51–1.93], p = 0.97; p for Heterogeneity = 0.73, I2 = 0%) were significantly different, while differences in GFR at 24 h before surgery (MD = 0.59, 95% CI [0.06–1.12], p = 0.03; p for heterogeneity < 0.000001, I2 = 76%) between PN and RN were insignificant. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that clinical efficacy of RN was better than that of PN to some extent, but PN was a quicker recovery and less harmful therapy.
Vertical Transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection
Authors: Huber Benedikt M. , Meyer Sauteur Patrick M. , Unger Wendy W.J. , Hasters Paul , Eugster Marcel R. , Brandt Simone , Bloemberg Guido V. , Natalucci Giancarlo , Berger Christoph
Published: August 2018

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant cause of pneumonia in school-aged children and young adults. We report a case of neonatal M. pneumoniae pneumonia in a preterm child manifesting in the first hours of life. Vertical transmission was demonstrated by the detection of M. pneumoniae in inflamed placental tissue indicating chorioamnionitis.
Cross-Cultural Validation of the Italian Version of the Functional Oral Intake Scale
Authors: Battel Irene , Calvo Irene , Walshe Margaret
Published: August 2018

Outcome measures and scales translated into other languages according to conventions are important for international clinical research in dysphagia. Typically, assessments and scales are translated locally without cultural adaptation and validation. The Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) is widely used in dysphagia research and clinical practice in English-speaking countries. Nevertheless, it is not available in Italian. The aim of this study was to translate the FOIS into Italian and validate it, allowing the FOIS to be available to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and clinicians working with individuals with dysphagia in Italy. The FOIS was translated following 5 stages of cross-cultural adaptations. This involved (1) translation from English to Italian, (2) synthesis and solution of discrepancies between translators, (3) back-translation from Italian to English, (4) expert revisions, and (5) pretesting. To validate the translated scale, 10 SLPs were recruited from 3 different facilities across Italy. A questionnaire containing similar information to the FOIS and the Italian version of the FOIS (FOIS-It) was completed by SLPs for 227 people with dysphagia; the correlation was high (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.99). Interrater reliability, calculated for 2 blinded SLPs completing scales for 30 patients, was excellent (ICC = 0.99). In conclusion, the FOIS-It is now available for use in clinical practice and research studies in Italy.
Disorganization of the Retinal Inner Layers after Anti-VEGF Treatment for Macular Edema due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Nakano Eri , Ota Toru , Jingami Yoko , Nakata Isao , Hayashi Hisako , Yamashiro Kenji
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the association between disorganization of the retinal inner layers (DRIL) and visual acuity (VA) after anti-VEGF treatment for macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients were retrospectively investigated. Baseline characteristics and factors analyzed on optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination at the final visit were evaluated in association with VA at the final visit. Results: DRIL was detected in 39 eyes at the final visit. The central subfield thickness was significantly higher in the eyes with DRIL. While DRIL length at the final visit showed a significant association with final VA on univariable analysis, only age and ellipsoid zone disruption on OCT at the final visit were found to be significantly associated with VA on multivariable analysis. Conclusions: DRIL had only a minor role in determining VA after anti-VEGF treatment for ME due to BRVO.
The Impact of a Peer-Tutoring Project on Academic Learning Skills in Speech-Language Pathology Students
Authors: Bettens Kim , Verbrugge Astrid , Aper Leen , Danneels Lieven , Van Lierde Kristiane M.
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Peer tutoring may advance learning experiences and academic performances of students. Moreover, it seems to be an effective strategy to develop new skills. This study aimed to explore the effects of peer tutoring on the competencies of first-year students (tutees) and final-year students (tutors) of a master program in speech-language pathology. Methods: Questionnaires were used to investigate the motivation, expectations, learning success, and competencies of 69 tutees and 32 tutors regarding a peer-tutoring project to optimize the speech sound proficiency skills of the tutees. Their answers were statistically compared with those of a control group of students who did not participate in the peer-tutoring project. Results: Tutees reported a significantly higher learning success compared to the control group, although their motivation and expectations were comparable at the start. The tutors, however, reported little motivation at the start and no improvement at the end of the project. Conclusion: Based on the positive effects reported by the tutees, this peer-tutoring program will be integrated in the speech-language training curriculum to improve the speech sound proficiency of first-year students. Nevertheless, adjustments will be needed to decrease the resistance in the final-year tutors. Further research may evaluate the effect of incorporated adjustments on this resistance.
Effects of Resistive Jaw-Opening Exercise with Elastic Bands on Suprahyoid Muscle Activation in Normal Subjects
Authors: Oh Jong-Chi , Kwon Jae-Sung
Published: August 2018

Objective: The effect of a resistive jaw-opening exercise using an elastic band on suprahyoid muscle activity and tongue strength was examined in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty-one adults wore an elastic loop around their head and mandible. To prescribe the appropriate elastic band resistance, the 10-repetition maximum (10 RM) was measured among 4 bands at baseline. Band loops, starting with the highest resistance value band, were sequentially applied to determine the suitability for 10 RM. During the exercise, the participants were required to open their jaw maximally and maintain the position for 10 s; then, they rested for 10 s. This procedure was repeated for 20 min, 3 days per week for 8 weeks to test suprahyoid muscle activation during effortful swallowing; isometric tongue pressures of the tongue tip and base at baseline, after 4, and after 8 weeks of training were measured. Results: Peak suprahyoid muscle activation amplitudes during effortful swallow and isometric pressures at the tongue tip significantly increased after 8 weeks. Conclusion: The 8-week resistive jaw-opening exercise significantly improved strength of the suprahyoid muscle and tongue pressures in healthy subjects. These positive results warrant further investigation of the therapeutic effects and feasibility of this resistive exercise.
Impaired Spermatogenesis due to Small Supernumerary Marker Chromosomes: The Reason for Infertility Is Only Reliably Ascertainable by Cytogenetics
Authors: Liehr Thomas , Hamid Al-Rikabi Ahmed B.
Published: August 2018

Infertile male with small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMCs) were studied. Overall, 37 own patients and 166 cases from the literature were included. sSMCs of our own cases were characterized by multicolor-FISH probe sets. Available clinical data of the infertile males were also evaluated, and meta-analysis on suitability of molecular karyotyping for sSMC characterization was done. As a result, sSMCs can be optimally characterized by single-cell directed (molecular) cytogenetics. In infertile males, sSMCs derive predominantly from one of the acrocentric chromosomes, mainly chromosomes 15, 14, and 22. Interestingly, altered spermiograms were found in 62% of the males with an sSMC, while the remainder cases had infertility in connection with recurrent spontaneous abortions. Meta-analysis for detectability of sSMCs by aCGH revealed that 81-87% of the cases would have not been picked up by exclusive use of that approach. Thus, as impaired spermatogenesis is known to be indicative for gross chromosomal anomalies in infertile male patients, it can be concluded from this study that the presence of sSMCs also needs to be considered. However, sSMCs can only be reliably detected by standard karyotyping and not by modern high throughput approaches like aCGH and next-generation sequencing.
Wars within Wars: Why Windows of Opportunity and Vulnerability Cause Inter-rebel Fighting in Internal Conflicts
Authors: Pischedda Costantino
Published: August 2018

Why do rebel groups often fight each other when confronting a common, and typically stronger, enemy—namely, the government? Inter-rebel aggression is a calculated response by rebel groups to opportunities for expansion and to the threats confronting such groups. In particular, inter-rebel wars occur under the following conditions: (1) when a window of opportunity emerges allowing rebel groups to defeat coethnic rivals at low costs and thus achieve rebel hegemony, or (2) when rebel groups are confronted with a window of vulnerability, in which they experience a radical deterioration of power relative to that of coethnic rivals and then attempt to escape in a desperate military gamble. Both strict military considerations and ethnic identities shape the rebel groups' calculus. Coethnicity influences the threat perception of rebel groups and their ability to grow at the expense of rivals, thus providing both defensive and offensive motives for inter-rebel aggression. Because coethnic rebel groups want to mobilize and control the same ethnic communities, they are highly sensitive to immediate, intense conflicts of interest and see other coethnic rebel groups as serious threats. Moreover, coethnic rebel groups can generally expect to absorb the resources of defeated rivals, which in turn may improve their chances in the fight against the government. In-depth case studies of multiparty insurgencies in Ethiopia's Eritrea and Tigray provinces, based on interviews with former rebel leaders, strongly support the window of opportunity and vulnerability theory of inter-rebel war.
Saprobic Lophiostomataceae (Dothideomycetes): Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae sp. nov. and Neovaginatispora fuckelii, a new record from Mangifera indica
Authors: TENNAKOON DANUSHKA SANDARUWAN , KUO CHANG-HSIN , JEEWON RAJESH , THAMBUGALA KASUN MADHUSANKA , HYDE KEVIN DAVID
Published: August 2018

Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae, isolated from a dead stem of Mangifera indica, collected in Fanlu Township area, Dahu village in Chiayi, Taiwan (Elevation 634 m) and is introduced as a new species based on morphological data and DNA sequence analyses. Maximum parsimony, Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined ITS, LSU, SSU and tef1-α sequence data were performed to clarify the phylogenetic affinities of the species. Pseudolophiostoma mangiferae is distinguished from the other Pseudolophiostoma species based on distinct size differences in ascomata, asci, ascospores and DNA sequence data. In addition, Neovaginatispora fuckelii is described as a new record from Taiwan. Both species are compared with other similar species and comprehensive descriptions and micrographs are provided.
New species, identification keys and notes on Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) from the Neotropical region
Authors: NASCIMENTO FRANCISCO E. DE L.
Published: August 2018

Three new species of Neotropical Lamiinae are described and illustrated: Cleodoxus antonkozlovi, Hyperplatys pacangensis, and Drycothaea indivisa. The first identification key to species of Cleodoxus Thomson, 1864, and notes on all three genera are provided.
The Dynamics of the Southwest Monsoon Current in 2016 from High-Resolution In Situ Observations and Models
Authors: Webber Benjamin G. M. , Matthews Adrian J. , Vinayachandran P. N. , Neema C. P. , Sanchez-Franks Alejandra , Vijith V. , Amol P. , Baranowski Dariusz B.
Published: August 2018

The strong stratification of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) causes rapid variations in sea surface temperature (SST) that influence the development of monsoon rainfall systems. This stratification is driven by the salinity difference between the fresh surface waters of the northern bay and the supply of warm, salty water by the Southwest Monsoon Current (SMC). Despite the influence of the SMC on monsoon dynamics, observations of this current during the monsoon are sparse. Using data from high-resolution in situ measurements along an east–west section at 8°N in the southern BoB, we calculate that the northward transport during July 2016 was between 16.7 and 24.5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106m3s−1), although up to ⅔ of this transport is associated with persistent recirculating eddies, including the Sri Lanka Dome. Comparison with climatology suggests the SMC in early July was close to the average annual maximum strength. The NEMO 1/12° ocean model with data assimilation is found to faithfully represent the variability of the SMC and associated water masses. We show how the variability in SMC strength and position is driven by the complex interplay between local forcing (wind stress curl over the Sri Lanka Dome) and remote forcing (Kelvin and Rossby wave propagation). Thus, various modes of climatic variability will influence SMC strength and location on time scales from weeks to years. Idealized one-dimensional ocean model experiments show that subsurface water masses advected by the SMC significantly alter the evolution of SST and salinity, potentially impacting Indian monsoon rainfall.
Perceptions of “others,” risk, and counter terrorism-related informal social control
Authors: Fay Suzanna , Crutchfield Robert
Published: August 2018

Anti-terrorism messages associate immigration and minorities with terrorism even if this link is not explicit. The consequence is the potential for racial profiling of minorities as threats to national security. Recent experiences or threats of domestic terrorism, in Australia, the US, and other industrialized countries, have led policy makers to encourage informal social control in terrorism prevention efforts by appealing to citizens to report suspicious behavior to authorities. The linking of ethnically different “others”—members of Australia’s population who are or are perceived to be outsiders to the mainstream—and terrorism is important because who is seen as threatening effects whether individuals engage in informal social control; the willingness of residents to recognize, intervene, and report suspicious behavior. However, the concept of “others” in relation to informal social control is more complicated than just immigration status and ethnic identity alone. This study examines whether perceptions of “others” are related to perceptions of terrorism risk and perceptions of informal social control in reporting national security threats.
H∞Optimization-based robust decoupling control algorithm in linear parameter varying systems using Hadamard weighting
Authors: Jafar Adnan , Bhatti Aamer Iqbal , Ahmad Sarvat M , Ahmed Nisar
Published: August 2018

This article proposes a novel gain scheduled control technique for a class of linear parameter varying (LPV) systems with main emphasis on reducing the cross coupling interaction in dynamics using the Hadamard weight. By employing the Hadamard and the conventional [Formula: see text] performance weighting, an extended [Formula: see text] closed loop norm LPV theorem is derived that involves traditional [Formula: see text] weights for input output shaping control and Hadamard weight for decoupling control. Furthermore, a robust dynamic output feedback gain scheduled control law is designed to solve the control optimization problem in the proposed theorem using the linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. It is shown that the proposed theorem is suitable for the multivariable control of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) coupled non-linear systems. In particular, in presence of cross coupled dynamics, external disturbances, changing operating conditions and time varying parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated in simulation as well as validated with experiments.
Successful Paranoia: Friedrich Kittler, Lacanian Psychoanalysis, and the History of Science
Authors: Schmidgen Henning
Published: August 2018

With studies like Discourse Networks 1800/1900 and Gramophone, Film, Typewriter, Friedrich A. Kittler contributed significantly to transforming the history of media into a vital field of inquiry. This essay undertakes to more precisely characterize Kittler’s historiographical approach. When we look back on his early contributions to studies of the relationship between literature, madness and truth – among others, his doctoral dissertation on the Swiss poet and writer Conrad Ferdinand Meyer – what strikes us is the significance that Jacques Lacan’s structuralist psychoanalysis had in shaping the orientation of Kittler’s later studies. His intensive engagement with Lacan galvanized Kittler’s concern with the question of sex and/or gender in the evolution of the humanities as well as his concern with the media history of the university. At the same time, Kittler’s reliance on Lacan led him to a kind of history that is interested above all in the internal logic of discourse. As we see, for instance, in Kittler’s anecdotic treatment of 19th-century physiologist Hermann von Helmholtz, this historiography does not involve any original research in archives and/or museums. Rather, it builds upon existing historical accounts and focuses its analyses on the issue of symbolic structures. Instead of investigating the history of the material culture of science and technology, what is thereby ultimately reinforced is a philosophical idealism in which knowledge and paranoia become superimposed in and by means of an ‘original syntax’ (Lacan).
High 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis and concomitant active cancer
Authors: Wang Yong-gang , Zhou Jian-cang , Wu Kang-song
Published: August 2018

Objective

This study was performed to explore the characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis accompanied by active cancer who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

The baseline characteristics, infection profiles, and outcomes of patients with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed according to the presence of concomitant active cancer. The association between concomitant active cancer and 28-day mortality was explored.

Results

Of 23,956 patients with sepsis, 1574 (6.6%) had concomitant active cancer. The most common type was digestive (30.7%). The 28-day mortality ranged from 41.9% to 81.5%. Patients with active cancer had a significantly higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and significantly shorter length of ICU stay. Respiratory (32.9%), genitourinary (31.0%), and bloodstream (17.0%) infections were most common. Escherichia coli was the most frequent gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. The 28-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with than without active cancer. Concomitant active cancer was associated with increased 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Hematological malignancy was associated with a significantly higher risk of death than solid tumors.

Conclusions

Concomitant active cancer was associated with higher 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis requiring ICU admission. Hematological malignancy was associated with a higher risk of death than solid tumors.
Functional role of CyclinD1 polymorphism (G870A) in modifying susceptibility and overall survival of North Indian lung cancer patients
Authors: Pandey Ankita , Bahl Charu , Sharma Siddharth , Singh Navneet , Behera Digamber
Published: August 2018

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential role of the cyclin D1 gene G870A polymorphism in the likelihood of the development of lung cancer and the overall survival of lung cancer patients in the North Indian population.

Methods:

The study consisted of 353 lung cancer cases and 351 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLPP) was done for the CCND1 gene. The association analysis was done using the multiple linear regression, and the survival analysis was done using the Kaplan-Meier and the Cox regression models.

Results:

The GA genotype was associated with an increased risk for overall lung cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.63; p = 0.01). Combined variant genotype showed a significant association for overall lung cancer (OR 1.50; p = 0.03). In addition, smokers with the carrier genotype of CCND1 were found to have a significantly higher risk for lung cancer (OR 1.57; p = 0.04). No significant correlation was observed between the overall survival of lung cancer patients and CCND1 polymorphism. However, on stratifying the subjects on the basis of histology, it was evident that small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients carrying the mutant (AA) genotype showed nearly a fivefold increased mortality rate compared to the wild (GG) genotype (p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that polymorphic CCND1 may increase the risk of lung cancer in smokers from North India, and it may be associated with the overall survival of SCLC patients.
Correlation between nerve atrophy, brain grey matter volume and pain severity in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yang Qian , Cao Dongyuan , Seminowicz David , Remeniuk Bethany , Gao Lin , Zhang Ming
Published: August 2018

Background

Recent neuroimaging studies have reported grey matter alterations in primary trigeminal neuralgia patients. However, few studies have focused on quantitative measurements of trigeminal nerves and the interaction between trigeminal nerve volume and brain morphology, particularly grey matter volume. In this study, we investigated the link between trigeminal nerves and grey matter volume changes in primary trigeminal neuralgia patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we explored the association of structure of trigeminal nerves and grey matter to collected pain clinical variables.

Methods

Eighty participants (40 patients and 40 controls) were recruited for the study. All participants underwent MRI sessions and clinical pain assessment. Trigeminal nerve volume and whole brain grey matter volume were evaluated using quantitative imaging techniques. Sensory and affective pain rating indices were assessed using the visual analog scale and short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between clinical pain variables and volumetric changes in trigeminal nerves and grey matter.

Results

Decreased trigeminal nerve volume was detected in primary trigeminal neuralgia patients compared to controls. Additionally, reduced grey matter volume was found in several regions associated with pain in primary trigeminal neuralgia subjects, including the insula, secondary somatosensory cortex, hippocampus, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and several areas of the temporal lobe. Mediation analysis revealed that decreased trigeminal nerve volume drove grey matter volume abnormality of the left insula, and further led to increased pain ratings.

Conclusion

This study showed a predominantly direct effect of trigeminal nerve atrophy on clinical pain variables in primary trigeminal neuralgia patients, providing new insight into the pathophysiology of the disease.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02713646
Numerical modeling of dynamic response of miniature multi-impact electromagnetic device for low and wide range frequencies energy harvesting
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Yuksek Nuh S , Almasri M , Feng Zaichun
Published: August 2018

In this study, numerical modeling of nonlinear dynamic responses of miniature electromagnetic energy harvesters is reported for multiple impacts using limited amplitude and low-frequency excitations (0.5–3 g, 10–40 Hz). When an external vibration source frequency approaches oscillators’ resonate frequencies (15 Hz and 30 Hz), these oscillators strongly impact onto a stiffer cantilever resulting in a much higher frequency vibration (1 kHz) in accordance with a large frequency up-conversion factor ∼33.3–66.6. The Lorentz force and the nonlinear oscillators together resulted in complicated nonlinear dynamic responses of the cantilever, such as period doubling, superharmonic, or chaotic. Furthermore, the instantaneous generated power of miniature electromagnetic harvester was dramatically enhanced with 3 μW, and the enhancement came from the more the number of oscillators, the lesser the air damping, and appropriate frequencies from external vibration sources. Moreover, the free tip of the cantilever in the system with both of the cube nonlinear oscillators and the linear oscillators were carefully analyzed by the phase portraits to demonstrate its dynamic responses behavior.
Parents Versus Peers: Assessing the Impact of Social Agents on Decision Making in Young Adults
Authors: Guassi Moreira João F. , Tashjian Sarah M. , Galván Adriana , Silvers Jennifer A.
Published: August 2018

Young adulthood is a developmental phase when individuals must navigate a changing social milieu that involves considering how their decisions affect close others such as parents and peers. To date, no empirical work has directly evaluated how young adults weigh these relationships against one another. We conducted a preregistered experiment in which we pitted outcomes for parents against outcomes for friends. Participants ( N = 174, ages 18–30 years) played two runs of the Columbia Card Task—one in which gains benefited a parent and losses were incurred by a friend and another in which the opposite was true. We also tested whether age, relationship quality, and reward type earned for parents and friends (simulated vs. real) acted as moderating influences on parent–friend prioritization. Results showed that individuals were more likely to make decisions that benefited a parent at the expense of a friend. Relationship quality and reward type moderated this effect, whereas age did not.
Public support for energy portfolios in Canada: How information about cost and national energy portfolios affect perceptions of energy systems
Authors: Boyd Amanda D , Liu Jiawei , Hmielowski Jay D
Published: August 2018

Public support for energy systems is a critical factor in the development and deployment of electricity-generating technologies. The publics’ support for energy developments may be driven by numerous factors, including the risks and benefits associated with the technology. It is well established that an important component in the deployment of energy systems is to assess the publics’ perceptions of the technology. There is also evidence that suggests providing information about the tradeoffs of different energy systems will encourage the public to make informed decisions regarding which energy technologies they support or oppose. To assess public perceptions of energy technologies, 1479 Canadians were surveyed about their preferences for nuclear, biomass, coal, wind, hydropower, solar, and natural gas. A portfolio approach was used to assess preferences for the seven technologies by asking respondents to create their ideal energy portfolio. In this manuscript, we examine (1) preferences for different energy sources, (2) whether preferences for these energy sources vary by province, and (3) whether providing information about the costs associated with the energy sources and the extent to which Canada relies on these different energy sources affects preferences for the technologies. Results indicate that participants were more likely to prefer energy portfolios that matched their current provincial energy portfolio. Results also show that participants were less supportive of expensive energy technologies and that providing information about the current state of electricity production may have a normalizing effect on energy perceptions. Implications for public policy and recommendations for communication about energy technologies are discussed.
Ferruginol induced apoptosis on SK-Mel-28 human malignant melanoma cells mediated through P-p38 and NF-κB
Authors: Jia Y , Wu C , Zhang B , Zhang Y , Li J
Published: August 2018

In the present investigation, the antitumor effect of ferruginol (FGL) in SK-Mel-28 human malignant melanoma cells was studied. To investigate the cytotoxic property of FGL, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used. Results revealed that prolonged treatment duration decreases the IC25, IC50, and IC75 concentrations of FGL. The cytotoxicity was further confirmed by lactate dehydrogenase assay. As evident from comet assay, FGL induces DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin V and 7-ADD assays showed that FGL-induced DNA damage triggers apoptosis-mediated cell death as confirmed by caspase-3 activity assay. As seen through Western blotting, FGL increases phosphorylation of p38 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Further, it was observed that p38 phosphorylation is responsible for NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Further, inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and translocation of NF-κB decrease caspase-3 activity. The above finding confirms that caspase-3 activation is mediated through P-p38 and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The present findings indicate that FGL significantly suppresses the proliferation of SK-Mel-28 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, FGL executes apoptosis through phosphorylation of key protein such as p38 and translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus.
Working through Denial in Alcoholism
Authors: Amodeo Maryann , Liftik Joseph
Published: August 2018

Denial in alcoholics is often a barrier to effective diagnosis, referral, and treatment. Successful intervention is enhanced if the caregivers have an understanding of the nature of denial and strategies for working through it. Stages of denial are described as well as common manifestations of it at each stage. Counseling techniques for addressing denial and methods for implementing these techniques are suggested.
Family and Child Care Practices in the Soviet Union
Authors: Imbrogno Salvatore
Published: August 2018

Societal values are changing in the U.S.S.R., affecting traditional ideas about the family, marital relations, and parent–child relations. The Soviets are experiencing social and psychological problems with children that range from drug addiction to child sexual abuse. Women are acquiring equal opportunities in education, employment, and government. The state has responded to these social developments by strengthening the family structure through extensive services. To augment these changes, the Soviets have encouraged voluntary action in child-care services and programs.
Parent Education by Mail
Authors: Cudaback Dorothea J. , Dickinson Nancy S. , Wiggins Emily S.
Published: August 2018

Cooperative extension family life specialists in 10 states investigated the value of a series of parent education booklets for parents of infants. The program was assessed by an evaluation questionnaire mailed to the parents as they completed a series. A total of 2,263 questionnaires were returned; respondents indicated that the programs positively affected their parenting practices and attitudes.
The Family Intervention Scale: Assessing Treatment Outcome
Authors: Taynor Janet , Nelson Robert W. , Daugherty W. Keith
Published: August 2018

A method and scale to evaluate the outcome of family treatment are described. The method and scale have been used successfully to document changes in the lives of families served by a family service agency. The cost of development and implementation of the methodology was modest; the reasons for this are discussed.
The Effect of AIDS on the Family System
Authors: Cates Jim A. , Graham Linda L. , Boeglin Donna , Tielker Steven
Published: August 2018

With the increasing longevity of persons with AIDS, the family has begun to assume greater long-term responsibility for care of family members with AIDS. The authors discuss the stressors accompanying reintegration of a person with AIDS into the family system. The medical and social ramifications of the disease and experiences of families are explored. Three case studies and potential intervention strategies are discussed.
Expert Systems and Their Potential Uses in Social Work
Authors: Gingerich Wallace J.
Published: August 2018

Expert systems are computer programs that embody the expertise of human experts in order to consult on real World problems. Although the technology is still somewhat new and evolving, it appears that expert systems could be used in social services in the following ways: (1) to make expertise on important problems more widely available, (2) to train practitioners in new intervention methods, (3) to enhance the consistency with which interventions are applied, (4) to mine and refine practice wisdom, and (5) to develop and test practice theory. Legal and professional issues pertaining to how expert systems should be used in practice are still unresolved, and the impact of expert systems use on practice needs to be systematically evaluated.
Bibliotherapy with Abused Children
Authors: Pardeck John T.
Published: August 2018

Bibliotherapy is discussed with an emphasis on how it can be used to help the abused child. Examples of useful books for helping children cope with abuse are presented. A case study illustrates the application of bibliotherapy with abused children.
Single Fathers with Custody
Authors: Greif Geoffrey L. , DeMaris Alfred
Published: August 2018

As the number of single fathers raising children alone grows, increased demands are placed on mental health practitioners to meet their needs. A significant portion of single fathers with custody feel uncomfortable in their role. A 1987–88 survey of 1,132 single fathers is used to identify the characteristics of those fathers who are potentially at risk for problems related to feeling uncomfortable in their role. Implications for work with this population are discussed.
School- and Family-based Treatment of Children with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Coker Kaye H. , Thyer Bruce A.
Published: August 2018

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder has been identified under various names for at least 25 years. Much research has been conducted to operationally define the problem and to develop treatment. Behavior therapy and stimulant medication have emerged as effective approaches in bringing about certain kinds of improvements in these children. Most interventions have been developed for the school setting. However, the problems occurring in the family and with peer relationships are also in need of professional attention.
Using External Consultants in Social Service Agencies
Authors: Walsh Joseph A. , Moynihan Francis M.
Published: August 2018

The authors present an overview of consultation through the use of external consultants in social service agencies. Consultation is briefly defined and the historical use of consulting acknowledged; emphasis focuses on the reasons agencies use consultants and the specific tasks they may perform. Special attention is given to the question of matching ethical values between the agency and consultant.
Doubt as a Source of Innovation in Developing Effective Services to Families
Authors: Davidson Kay W.
Published: August 2018

The author suggests that the experience of doubt regarding the efficacy of services offers practitioners an opportunity for reconsidering traditional services to families. Changes in society and in life-styles precipitate reexamination of the concept of family. The author presents examples of innovations that have resulted from raising doubts about services and proposes strategies that encourage testing ideas and problem-solving in practice with families.
Work and Family: Public Policy Issues for the 1990s
Authors: Cranston Alan
Published: August 2018

Family policy has been neglected at the national level because government support has often been misconstrued as government interference. The author discusses the multiple problems working families currently face as well as current legislation targeted toward meeting the needs of working families.