bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective generation for foliated surfaces: Results and applications
Authors: Spicer Calum , Svaldi Roberto
Published: December 2022

We explore the birational structure and invariants of a foliated surface

(
X
,
F
)

(X,\mathcal{F})

in terms of the adjoint divisor

K
F

+

ϵ
⁢

K
X

K_{\mathcal{F}}+\epsilon K_{X}

,

0
<
ϵ
≪
1

0<\epsilon\ll 1

.
We then establish a bound on the automorphism group of an adjoint general type foliated surface

(
X
,
F
)

(X,\mathcal{F})

, provide a bound on the degree of a general curve invariant by an algebraically integrable foliation on a surface and prove that the set of 𝜖-adjoint canonical models of foliations of general type and with fixed volume form a bounded family.
Design of control system for solar power generation based on an improved bat algorithm for an island operation
Authors: Mensah Akwasi Amoh , Wei Xie
Published: December 2022

Solar energy is sustained using the principle of photovoltaic effect through a solar photovoltaic (PV) system as the main receiver of sunlight for the island. The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems to generate power from solar energy has increased in recent years due to its availability and sustainability. The proposed bat algorithm provides a very quick confluence and high accuracy since it interactively merges with the exploration advancements with the substantial distinctive signal search during the maximum power point tracking process from the PV array. The improved bat algorithm proposes a signal search method to increase the speed and tracks more power at a longer distance by using the signal between the bat and its prey. An energy storage system (ESS) stores solar energy and releases it into the system for use when energy generation from the source is low. DC to DC converter controls and regulates the output generated voltage from the PV array. DC to AC converter converts DC power produced to AC power to be supplied to the island for use. The design and simulation were performed in MATLAB Simulink and the result shows the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Energy harvesting for mobile agents supporting wireless sensor networks
Authors: Nguyen Minh T. , Nguyen Cuong V. , Tran Hoang T. , Viola Fabio
Published: December 2022

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been deployed widely in many different application including in civil and military fields. The sensing data from the networks is very diverse and may cost huge energy consumption for transmission. Hence, mobile sensors with high capacity are deployed to support the static sensors dealing with longer range communicating distances and also supplying power wirelessly the sensors if possible. This paper focuses on an energy harvesting (EH) design for either mobile agents or sensor nodes in WSNs. A hybrid EH system can harvest energy from ambient environment around to power the mobile sensors and static sensors. In addition, these mobile sensors and transfer power wirelessly to the sensors if required. We provide different scenarios for harvesting energy from both RF and solar energy to support the devices. All the designed circuits based on mathematical equations are provided, specifically. Simulation and experimental results are addressed to clarify all the scenarios for the networks. The results show promise and practical.
Determination of the best interaction of inulin with different proteins by using interfacial rheology: the relationship with the emulsion activity and stability in emulsion systems
Authors: Aslan Türker Duygu , Göksel Saraç Meryem , Doğan Mahmut
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to develop functional emulsions with dietary fibre/proteins and to examine the role of interfacial rheological properties on the emulsion stability. Emulsions with inulin and various animal/vegetable proteins were prepared, and their emulsifying and interfacial rheological properties were appraised for their possible applications in stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions. Interfacial measurements including the frequency, time and strain sweep test were determined depending on the protein differences. The results revealed that the adsorption behaviour of proteins at the two interfaces was quite different. The apparent viscosity (η
50) of the emulsions ranged between 0.006 and 0.037 Pa s. The highest interfacial viscosity (η
i) values at low shear rates were determined in the mixture of egg protein-inulin at the oil/water interface. In particular, the interfacial properties of egg protein were not similar to those of other proteins. This study indicated that interfacial rheological properties and emulsifying properties of the proteins were influenced by the presence of inulin which contributes to the existing body of knowledge on the preparation of the prebiotic emulsions with proteins.
Review of the application of virtual reality in language education from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Zheng Chunping , Yu Miao , Guo Zhiyan , Liu Hanyong , Gao Mengya , Chai Ching Sing
Published: December 2022

Virtual reality (VR) is an innovative technology that has been applied in language education to improve learners’ motivation, engagement and academic performance. This review study analyses 69 empirical studies on the application of VR in language education. These studies were published by 12 Chinese and international scholarly journals between 2010 and 2020. A coding framework was formulated for conducting a systematic literature review, and content analyses revealed the general publication trends, research methods, research foci and benefits and challenges of VR-supported language education. Among the reviewed studies, English was the main target language, and Second Life was the most widely used VR environment. Most of these studies were conducted among adult language learners, and they adopted mixed types of data to address the research questions. The main research foci include the affordance of VR for enhancing learners’ linguistic and non-linguistic knowledge and competence, learners’ individual differences, teachers’ roles, the nature of interactions, designed features of language-learning tasks and design and development of VR environments for language education. Based on our research findings, we conclude that VR-supported language education has become an emerging research area with the potential for innovating language education. However, there are still challenges to be addressed regarding the optimisation of VR-supported language education.
An improved Jaya optimization algorithm with ring topology and population size reduction
Authors: Omran Mahamed G. H. , Iacca Giovanni
Published: December 2022

An improved variant of the Jaya optimization algorithm, called Jaya2, is proposed to enhance the performance of the original Jaya sacrificing its algorithmic design. The proposed approach arranges the solutions in a ring topology to reduce the likelihood of premature convergence. In addition, the population size reduction is used to automatically adjust the population size during the optimization process. Moreover, the translation dependency problem of the original Jaya is discussed, and an alternative solution update operation is proposed. To test Jaya2, we compare it with nine different optimization methods on the CEC 2020 benchmark functions and the CEC 2011 real-world optimization problems. The results show that Jaya2 is highly competitive on the tested problems where it generally outperforms most approaches. Having an easy-to-implement approach with little parameter tuning is highly desirable since researchers from different disciplines with basic programming skills can use it to solve their optimization problems.
Maximum ecological function performance for a three-reservoir endoreversible chemical pump
Authors: Chen Lingen , Shi Shuangshuang , Feng Huijun , Ge Yanlin
Published: December 2022

Endoreversible chemical pump (ECP) is a theoretical model of electrochemical, photochemical, solid-state apparatus and mass exchangers. ECP can be classified as two-, three- and four-mass-reservoir devices. The usual performance indicators for ECPs are energy pumping rate (EPR) and coefficient of performance (COP). Energy-based ecological function objective (EFO) is introduced to performance optimization of three-reservoir ECP. Optimization relationships between EFO and COP with linear and diffusive mass transfer laws (MTLs) are deduced. Numerical examples are provided, and influences of cycle parameters and MTLs on optimal EFO performances are analyzed. For linear MTL, compared performances at maximum EFO point and point where dimensionless EPR is 0.016, COP increases 14.4% and entropy generation rate (EGR) drops 52% with only 30% loss of EPR. For diffusive MTL, compared performances at maximum dimensionless EFO point and point where dimensionless EPR is 0.01, COP increases 11.3% and EGR drops 46.9% with only 30% loss of EPR. It demonstrates that EFO is a trade-off between EPR and dissipation of EPR, which is beneficial to utilize energy effectively. With the same chemical potentials of three reservoirs, the maximum dimensionless EFO and the corresponding COP with linear MTL are bigger than those with diffusive MTL.
PON and millimeter wave convergence access home network scheme design
Authors: Huo Yuanyuan , Chen Guangxuan , Zhang Lei
Published: December 2022

With the continuous maturity of the technology in the home network, the home network is developing towards intelligence, high-speed, sharing, remote and networking, especially the driving of multimedia services such as high-definition video, interactive games, and the development of intelligent terminals. The working frequency of access in the home network is gradually changing to the millimeter band, and 60 GHz in the millimeter band is considered to be a promising indoor high-speed access frequency band in the future. However, due to the small coverage and large transmission loss of millimeter wave, it can only meet the communication between terminals in a room. In order to meet the demand that users in the home network can access the network from any room for communication, researchers propose to use optical fiber to transmit wireless signals, which not only has low loss and large capacity, but also can transmit to any distance. PON technology has the advantages of high bandwidth, low loss, and easy maintenance. It requires a home network of PON and millimeter wave integrated access with the millimeter wave integrated network with high bandwidth, flexibility and strong penetration to meet the needs of high bandwidth, high flexibility and low loss of home network access. Therefore, it is necessary to study the home network scheme of PON and millimeter wave integrated access.
High-speed passive optical networks performance signature in downstream direction based on the engagement of both nonlinear cross-phase modulation (XPM) and cross-gain modulation (XGM) techniques
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Altahan Baraa Riyadh , Manasavenna Thaticharla , Ahammad Shaik Hasane , Priya Putcha Poorna , Krishna Merugumalli Rama , Amzad Hossain Md. , Smirani Lassaad K. , Said Abdelhamid Huda
Published: December 2022

This work clarified the engagement of both nonlinear XPM/XGM in conventional band applications with the wide band traveling semiconductor optical amplifiers (WBTWSOAs) for passive optical network applications in downstream directions. The max. Q, total output power versus up/down wavelength conversion by using cascaded XPM with XGM at 10 Gbps are simulated. Besides, the max. Q Factor, conversion efficiency, and total optical power (TOP) variations are clarified in relation to bit rate variations for cascaded CPM&XGM and CPM, XGM stages. Moreover, the enhancement percentage ratio (EPR) in Q factor and TOP are analyzed and demonstrated versus bit rate variations for cascaded CPM&XGM stage over both CPM stage and XGM stage. The study emphasized the network reach can be extended to 80 km with available maximum data rates up to 250 Gb/s with power budget of 28.65 dB based on the cascaded CPM&XGM technique.
Electro-optic power/signal quality optimization based on the interaction between electro-optic modulators and electrical filters
Authors: Zaki Rashed Ahmed Nabih , Altahan Baraa Riyadh , Manasavenna Thaticharla , Kalyani Pala , Priya P. Poorna , Krishna M. Rama , Ahammad S. K. Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Smirani Lassaad K. , Shetea Eslam Fahmy
Published: December 2022

This paper clarifies the effects of electrical filters with electro-optic modulators variations on the power/signal quality optimization and minimum data error rates reduction. The electro-optic modulators that are namely Mach Zehnder modulator, absorption modulator measured, single-drive Mach Zehnder modulator measured, and electro-absorption modulator. In addition to the filters are employed low pass (LP) Gaussian filter, LP Bessel filter, LP Butterworth filter, and LP Chebyshev filter. The hybrid combination between these modulators at the Tx. and the filters at the Rx. side give the chance to set the best candidate combinations from these devices for the power and signal quality optimization.
Dispersion aware first random fit spectrum allocation approach in elastic optical network (EON)
Authors: Vasundhara  , Mandloi Abhilash
Published: December 2022

Elastic Optical Network (EON) is gaining a lot of attention these days because of its capability to dynamically utilize the network resources. It is possible to alter data rates in accordance with the required application by adjusting a number of spectrum slots which enhances spectral efficiency. However, it is difficult for new requests to access the usage of spectrum resources during the entire process especially when the spectrum is split into a number of small segments. Another key challenge in EON is to achieve effective routing and spectrum allocation. This entails looking for a specified route and identifying contiguous aligned spectrum slots for allocation to various requests. In this way, EON aims maximizing the connection while using the least amount of available spectrum resources. With this in mind, this research developed a first random fit (FRF) spectrum allocation technique that takes into account dispersion, which is a major physical flaw in optical networks. This scheme includes the effect of dispersion for the spectrum allocation approach. Using a FRF approach, this scheme tends to allocate a greater number of connection requests and spectrum is utilized in more efficient way. Starting with the lowest indexed slot, this scheme uses the First Fit algorithm and the less stable modulation technique like BPSK to search for and assign the spectrum slot. A random fit assignment strategy is used with a more robust modulation technique (QPSK) to exploit the next higher indexed spectrum slot which suffers larger dispersion effect. Longer light path requests are assigned to lower indexed spectrum slot (lower dispersion slots) using BPSK modulation technique, while shorter light path requests are sent to next higher indexed spectrum slot (greater dispersion slots) using QPSK modulation technique capturing the dispersion sensitive technique. The results show that the proposed technique achieves a minimal bandwidth blocking probability (BBP) of 0.048, Eye opening Penalty (EOP) of 45.45 dB and Quality Factor of 3.889 and B.P compared with other First Fit (FF) and Random Fit (RF) spectrum allocation schemes.
Multi-mode step graded index fibers performance parameters (attenuation/dispersion/mode field) measurements by using OptiFiber simulation
Authors: Rashed Ahmed Nabih Zaki , Altahan Baraa Riyadh , Manasavenna Thaticharla , Priya P. Poorna , Krishna M. Rama , Ahammad S.K. Hasane , Hossain Md. Amzad , Amin Marwa Hamed
Published: December 2022

This paper has clarified the positive and negative effects of 3.1% germania and 1% fluorine DS fibers in multi-mode silica profile. The group delay and the total fiber dispersion against operating wavelength for PS and various doped silica (DS) fibers are demonstrated and assured by using OptiFiber simulation. The material, waveguide and total fiber dispersions are demonstrated against wavelength for the PS fiber, 3.1% germania DS (GDS) fiber and 1% fluorine DS (FDS) fiber. Besides the mode field diameter, fiber material loss, fiber bending loss and the dispersion group delay are simulated and clarified against the operating wavelength for PS and different DS fibers. The study gives the effects of the dopant ratio of germania and fluorine on the zero dispersion wavelength shift and DS.
Antibody titer 6 months after the third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination
Authors: Kozakai Rikei , Suzuki Susumu , Hoshi Kuniko , Izumi Yoshihiko , Takahashi Shinichiro
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Administration of the third dose of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine was initiated on December 1, 2021, in Japan. However, data on the long-term effects of this third vaccination remain scarce. Here, we examined the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in those who received the Pfizer BioNTech (BNT162b2) vaccine, 6 months after the third vaccination.

Methods

Samples from 40 healthy volunteers were used to measure SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with chemiluminescent assays against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the virus.

Results

At 445 days after the first dose of BNT162b2, which is 180 days after the third vaccination, the mean anti-RBD IgG level was 159.4 AU/mL (SD 100.1 AU/mL), which was significantly higher than 144 days after the second vaccination, while mean anti-RBD IgM was baseline level (0.4 C.O.I.). The decline in IgG, 180 days after the third vaccination, was 74.1% (SD 16.1%), which was significantly lower than the 88.6% (SD 4.4%) decline observed 144 days after the second vaccination. Furthermore, we revealed that the reduction in IgG from 14 to 180 days after the third vaccination showed a significant inverse correlation with age, and the higher antibody response in younger participants at 14 days after the third vaccination disappeared at longer time points.

Conclusions

The long-term durability of the IgG titer was significantly higher following the third vaccination compared with the second vaccination, and the reduction in IgG titer after the third vaccination inversely correlated with age.
New properties for the Ramanujan R-function
Authors: Cai Chuan-Yu , Chen Lu , Huang Ti-Ren , Chu Yuming
Published: December 2022

In the article, we establish some monotonicity and convexity (concavity) properties for certain combinations of polynomials and the Ramanujan R-function by use of the monotone form of L’Hôpital’s rule and present serval new asymptotically sharp bounds for the Ramanujan R-function that improve some previously known results.
Research of cooperation strategy of government-enterprise digital transformation based on differential game
Authors: Xie Weihong , Zheng Diwen , Luo Jianbin , Wang Zhong , Wang Yongjian
Published: December 2022

To cope with the development of digital economy, it is particularly important to discuss the digital transformation strategy of government-enterprise cooperation. Taking government and enterprise as game subjects, this paper constructs a game model of government subsidy behavior and enterprise digital transformation effort in the process of digital transformation based on differential game theory and studies different game strategies in noncooperative game, Stackelberg game, and cooperative game. The results show that (1) as an effective regulation mechanism, the government subsidy coefficient can significantly improve the optimal effort of the digital transformation of enterprises; (2) the optimal strategy, the optimal benefit, and the total benefit of the digital ecosystem formed by the government and enterprises in the cooperative game are better than those in the non-cooperative game. Pareto optimality is achieved; (3) the results of theoretical derivation are verified by numerical simulation. This study provides a theoretical basis for the digital transformation cooperation between government and enterprises.
Gray correlation analysis of factors influencing compressive strength and durability of nano-SiO2and PVA fiber reinforced geopolymer mortar
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Xuemei , Zhang Yamin , Zheng Yuanxun , Wang Tingya
Published: December 2022

To investigate the mechanical properties and durability of nano-SiO2, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-modified fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK)-based geopolymer mortar (FMGM), tests of compressive strength, electrical flux, freeze–thaw cycles, and sulfate dry and wet cycles were conducted. Based on the experimental results, combined with Dunn’s gray correlation theory analysis method, a mathematical analysis of the effect sensitivity of the contents of the four mixtures on the mechanical properties and durability of FMGM was carried out. The method of gray correlation analysis can solve the mathematical problem with partial unclear and uncertain information, and the method requires less data and less computation compared with other mathematical analysis method. The results showed that the gray correlation degree between the content of MK and the electric flux value is higher than the that of other comparison sequence and each reference sequence, while the gray correlation degree between the PVA fiber dosage and the loss rate of compressive strength is lower than that of other comparison sequence and each reference sequence. The influence of the four mixture contents on the compressive strength and mass loss rate was in the following decreasing order: MK and FA, PVA fiber, and nano-SiO2. In addition, the influence of the four material mixture contents on the electric flux value and compressive strength loss rate was consistent in the following decreasing order: MK and FA, nano-SiO2, and PVA fiber. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and durability reached the optimum when the PVA fiber content was 0.6% and the dosage of nano-SiO2was 1.0%. The results of this study can provide a new method for the analysis and evaluation of mechanical properties and durability of nano-SiO2and PVA fiber-reinforced FMGM in future.
Polycaprolactone/epoxide-functionalized silica composite microparticles for long-term controlled release of trans-chalcone
Authors: Kaptan Yasemin , Güvenilir Yüksel
Published: December 2022

In this study, controlled release of trans-chalcone was achieved by using a polycaprolactone-based hybrid system as the drug carrier material. Encapsulation efficiency was obtained in the range of 70–75% for various formulations and in vitro release studies, conducted at 37 °C and pH 7.4, revealed slow profile reaching 60% cumulative release. As interpreted from kinetic modelling, drug release was controlled mainly by Fickian diffusion; polymer erosion did not contribute to the TC release. Difference in drug loading efficiencies of the hybrid and neat PCL microparticles was observed such that PCL microparticles had lower loading efficiency than the hybrid microparticles whereas the release profiles were similar. pH of the release medium had affected release profiles; acidic medium enhanced drug release. Characterization of the microparticles were realized by FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM and WCA which revealed key properties such as molecular dispersion state and hydrophilicity. With the results obtained, we concluded that our hybrid system has a significant potential for long term release of trans-chalcone.
Study on laser de-weight and dynamic balance technology of rotating machines
Authors: Tan Zhifu , He Lidong , Deng Chunyan , Zhang Yipeng , Jia Xinyun
Published: December 2022

To solve the poor precision and low efficiency of manual grinding de-weight dynamic balance of turbopump rotor, the laser de-weight dynamic balance technology of rotating machines is adopted. Combined with the advantages of laser de-weight, such as, fast processing speed high machining precision and good machined surface quality, the smooth transition of the machined surface was realized by means of hierarchical machining. According to the characteristics of the turbopump rotor structure, the equivalent transformation model for laser de-weight turbopump rotor was built to convert the unbalance into laser processing parameters, which achieve the rapid and accurate de-weight of turbopump rotor. It focuses on solving the repeatedly loading and low accuracy of manual grinding dynamic balance. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, laser de-weight experiments were carried out on two turbopump rotor test pieces. A dynamic balance test bench was set up to measure the rotor residual unbalance at 1800 r/min test speed, which is low dynamic balance. The results show that the machined surface transition was smooth, the residual unbalance was small and the machining efficiency was high. The effect of laser de-weight dynamic balance reached the expectation. It is an universal technology which is not limited to the dynamic balance of turbopump rotor, but also applicable to other rotating machinery..
Factores que influyen en la disposición para recomendar pueblos mágicos del noroeste mexicano
Authors: Ibáñez-Pérez Reyna María , Olmos-Martínez Elizabeth , Almendarez-Hernández Marco Antonio
Published: December 2022

La recomendación del destino turístico es un factor clave para acrecentar la afluencia de visitantes. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el impacto de los factores que influyen en la disposición a recomendar del turista en cuatro Pueblos Mágicos (PM), basándose en la experiencia de su estancia, ya que solamente existen trabajos descriptivos y no con un enfoque econométrico. El marco teórico usado para analizar las regresoras que se relacionan con la variable respuesta se fundamenta en la maximización de la utilidad aleatoria. Los modelos logit y probit estimados explican que los visitantes nacionales; los individuos entre 49 y 55 años; aquéllos quienes contrataron un servicio de excursión; las personas que calificaron como excelentes el servicio de restaurante, las actividades recreativas y de esparcimiento, los atractivos naturales y culturales y el motivo histórico inciden en una mayor probabilidad de recomendar los sitios. Esta investigación aporta conocimiento científico, así como información para los gestores del turismo en México.
Cyberbullying in Media Social: A Mainstreaming the Victim Protection Principles in Indonesian Criminal Justice System
Authors: Aradhana Abdiel Abraar Arya , Pangaribuan Charles Sahalatua
Published: December 2022

The presence of the era of globalization presents a technological assistance in human life. It is also possible that the digitization process is used by irresponsible people to commit crimes in cyberspace or cybercrime. We often find that in the process of developing the virtual world there is also the development of new types of crime. The form of crime in question is cyberbullying or cyber bullying. In this article, the author will discuss the impact of cyber bullying, especially on children and the protection of victims of bullying in the Indonesian legal system, which in this case is related to the Bowo case. This study uses a normative juridical method with a statutory approach and an analytical approach by examining the contents of the law and discussing an analysis of the legal case being discussed regarding the act of bullying cyberbullying on social media in the Bowo case. Bowo received insults on social media related to his physical appearance or body shaming. The state has regulated in the ITE Law that forms of humiliation, threats and defamation in the scope of the use of technology such as social media can be criminally punished. The guarantee that victims are also protected by the state in the recovery process after a crime has occurred is regulated in the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 for the Protection of Witnesses and Victims.
Periarticular metal hypersensitivity complications of hip bearings containing cobalt–chromium
Authors: Wu Dongmei , Bhalekar Rohan M , Marsh Jordan S , Langton David J , Stewart Alan J
Published: December 2022

Hip joints with bearings composed of cobalt–chromium alloy (metal-on-metal bearings) have been one of the most widely used implants in joint replacement arthroplasty. Unfortunately, these implants can contribute to a complication called aseptic lymphocyte-dominated vasculitis-associated lesion (ALVAL), a type IV metal hypersensitivity response around the joint.

Consistent with such bearings, increased metal debris can be found in the surrounding fluids and in remote tissues and organs, due to wear and corrosion. It is hypothesized that metal ions released from the prosthesis (including Co2+) can potentially form haptens with proteins such as serum albumin in synovial fluid that in turn elicit ALVAL.

Generally, elevated cobalt and chromium levels in synovial fluids may indicate implant failure. However, such measurements cannot be used as a reliable tool to predict the onset of ALVAL. To detect ALVAL, some diagnostic tests, questionnaires and imaging techniques have been used clinically with some success, but a standardized approach is lacking.

At present, guidelines for implant usage and patient management are ambiguous and inconsistent across health care authorities. To reduce and better manage the development of ALVAL, further research into the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which ALVAL develops is urgently needed.

Identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ALVAL is required, as are more standardized guidelines for surgery and patient management.
Unha mellora do CORGA extrapolable a outros corpus e linguas: a etiquetaxe da nomenclatura científica binomial
Authors: Domínguez Noya Eva María , Míguez Vítor
Published: December 2022

O tratamento das unidades multipalabra é unha tarefa inconclusa no procesamento da linguaxe natural. Neste contexto, illámo-las denominacións de nomenclatura científica binomial, cuxas principais características —expresións multipalabra latinas ou latinizadas e aceptación internacional— as afastan do acervo léxico do galego e converten o seu tratamento en extrapolable a outras linguas. Tras revisa-la súa caracterización no CORGA e noutros corpus peninsulares, propoñemos analizalas como un subtipo específico de substantivos, nomenclatura científica, sen concretar valores de xénero nin número. Describimos logo as actuacións desenvolvidas no kérnel ou núcleo e mais no corpus de adestramento para integra-la nova etiqueta no sistema XIADA e, a continuación, avaliamos dúas estratexias para a detección de candidatos: unha ferramenta específica para a súa extracción e inventarios dispoñibles en Internet. Por último, á luz dos datos que proporciona o CORGA, constatamos unha presenza notable de termos científicos binomiais e demostrámo-la importancia da nova etiqueta para a súa identificación e distribución.
Salud Internacional y Salud Global: Reconfiguraciones de un campo en disputa
Authors: Belén-Herrero María , Belardo Marcela Beatriz
Published: December 2022

International health is an interdisciplinary field of knowledge, research, and action that deals with the health of populations beyond their national borders. Latin America established itself as a pioneer in international health during the 20th century, inducing an unprecedented dynamic in the field. In this sense, a process of analysis, reflection, and interpretation from a Latin American perspective is required to overcome its image as a mere replica of European health development. This article has the double objective of analyzing the historical development of the field of International Health and, secondly, reflecting on the concepts of International Health and Global Health, in the new regional and global geopolitics. Through a historical journey that begins in 1851, this analysis accounts for the disputes, tensions, and rivalries that have shaped the field of international health and some of its main organizations. Particularly, the World Health Organization -with the supremacy of neoliberalism- has been impacted by mercantilist interests of new non-health actors, such as the World Bank, the pharmaceutical industry, and philanthropic organizations. In this context, the passage/transition from the field of International Health to the denomination of Global Health represents - much more than a simple linguistic shift - a political-ideological shift. In Latin America, on the other hand, the influence of critical Latin American thought has pushed toward an understanding of International Health based on human rights and regional health sovereignty, implemented through more horizontal cooperation and emancipatory policies. The advent of the pandemic has shown that health is an unquestionable international issue, demanding coordinated and comprehensive policies. Instead, it occurs in a world fragmented by disputes and interests and, particularly in Latin America -with the dissolution of UNASUR- it arrives in a context of savage/wild health system reforms and at a time of marked weakness in some of its processes of integration. Consequently, there is an urgent need to discuss the architecture of global and regional health, its agenda, and to rethink international cooperation as an epidemiological policy that effectively addresses global inequities and responds to the urgent and persistent needs of our people.
Using AAP Guidelines for Managing Febrile Infants Without C-Reactive Protein and Procalcitonin
Authors: Nguyen Tran H.P. , Young Beverly R. , Alabaster Amy , Vinson David R. , Mark Dustin G. , Van Winkle Patrick , Sharp Adam L. , Shan Judy , Rauchwerger Adina S. , Greenhow Tara L. , Ballard Dustin W.
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

In 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published the Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for management of well-appearing, febrile infants 8 to 60 days old. For older infants, the guideline relies on several inflammatory markers, including tests not rapidly available in many settings like C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT). This study describes the performance of the AAP CPG for detecting invasive bacterial infections (IBI) without using CRP and PCT.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included infants aged 8 to 60 days old presenting to Kaiser Permanente Northern California emergency departments between 2010 and 2019 with temperatures ≥38°C who met AAP CPG inclusion criteria and underwent complete blood counts, blood cultures, and urinalyses. Performance characteristics for detecting IBI were calculated for each age group.

RESULTS

Among 1433 eligible infants, there were 57 (4.0%) bacteremia and 9 (0.6%) bacterial meningitis cases. Using absolute neutrophil count >5200/mm3 and temperature >38.5°C as inflammatory markers, 3 (5%) infants with IBI were misidentified. Sensitivities and specificities for detecting infants with IBIs in each age group were: 8 to 21 days: 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.9%–100%) and 0% (95% CI 0%–1.4%); 22 to 28 days: 88.9% (95% CI 51.8%–99.7%) and 40.4% (95% CI 33.2%– 48.1%); and 29 to 60 days: 93.3% (95% CI 77.9%–99.2%) and 32.1% (95% CI 29.1%– 35.3%). Invasive interventions were recommended for 100% of infants aged 8 to 21 days; 58% to 100% of infants aged 22 to 28 days; and 0% to 69% of infants aged 29 to 60 days.

CONCLUSIONS

When CRP and PCT are not available, the AAP CPG detected IBI in young, febrile infants with high sensitivity but low specificity.
Bases conceptuales para la compensación ambiental bajo el enfoque ecológico
Authors: Bonilla Fabián , Monrós Juan-S. , Sasa Mahmood
Published: December 2022

Introducción: La generación de impactos negativos producto de proyectos de infraestructura o actividades de desarrollo generan pérdida de biodiversidad y reducción de la calidad de los servicios que el ambiente provee a sociedades humanas. Afortunadamente, muchos de esos impactos pueden ser reducidos, controlados o resarcidos por medio de medidas de mitigación, rehabilitación y compensación, que suelen sustentarse en el marco jurídico ambiental de los países o estados donde son implementados. Esta revisión provee una visión teórica del uso de compensación ambiental como instrumento jurídico/técnico integrado al manejo del entorno natural. 

Metodología: Realizamos una revisión de la literatura global sobre el tema mediante los buscadores de referencias GoogleScholar y SciELO empleando varios indicadores en inglés y español. 

Resultados: Un total de 244 referencias sobre compensación ambiental fueron encontradas, catalogadas y evaluadas, mostrándose un claro patrón de incremento del número de ellas en la última década. La compensación ambiental constituye un instrumento jurídico/técnico que permite resarcir por pérdidas ambientales y suele ser un componente de los Estudios de Impacto Ambiental regulado por el estado. Varias estrategias metodológicas son empleadas para establecer acciones compensatorias, cada una de ellas sustentada en alguno de cuatro enfoques posibles: económico, ecológico, político y cultural/social. Dentro del enfoque ecológico, se busca la equivalencia ecológica entre los elementos ambientales impactados y la compensación, procurando que no exista pérdida neta. Así, este enfoque tiene la ventaja de posibilitar la incorporación de múltiples criterios para la evaluación del daño y de las acciones de indemnización, por lo que es posible de aplicar en situaciones diversas. A pesar de su uso, la aplicación de medidas compensatorias no está exenta de crítica y hay situaciones en que la singularidad de los elementos impactados imposibilita un resarcimiento efectivo de las pérdidas. 

Conclusiones: La compensación tiene gran relevancia actualmente en la gestión ambiental y debe favorecer el derecho universal a un ambiente sano. Sin embargo,  su aplicación efectiva requiere claridad en los procedimientos seguidos y una muy estrecha vigilancia prevenir pérdidas o incluso una ganancia neta ambiental.
Effects of a single dose of psilocybin on cytokines, chemokines and leptin in rat serum
Authors: Bove Geoffrey M. , Mokler David J.
Published: December 2022

Background and Aims

The hallucinogenic drug psilocybin is being widely tested in humans for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Psilocybin and other psychedelics are proposed to work through serotonin 2a (5-HT2a) receptors, which are tightly linked to immune function. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effects of a single dose of psilocybin on a panel of cytokines, chemokines, and peptides in the short term (24 h) and long term (seven days) in female rats.

Methods

Female rats were given a dose of psilocybin (20 mg kg−1, i.p.} or a dose of synthetic interstitial fluid. At 24 h, the control group and one group of rats were anesthetized, and blood was withdrawn by intracardiac puncture. In a third group of rats, blood was withdrawn after seven days. Serum was analyzed by a separate lab (Eve Laboratories, Calgary, Canada) for 27 immunomodulators.

Results

Serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, MCP-1, IP-10, G-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-13, and leptin were significantly increased compared to controls after 24 h and were increased further after 7 days. Most of the other assays showed this same pattern of increase, although not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Psilocybin induces the release of multiple immune factors, consistent with a generalized activation of the immune system, which can persist for at least seven days after a single dose. These findings may relate to the mechanism of action. The implications of these findings require additional research to determine how these finding relate to the clinical effects of psilocybin.
KEBIJAKAN PEMBAYARAN DIVIDEN PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR CONSUMER GOODS DI JII
Authors: Andani Listia , Fathoni Hamdan , Izzuddin Ahmad Faiz
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio profitabilitas terhadap rasio pembayaran dividen pada perusahaan sektor consumer goods yang terdaftar secara stabil di Jakarta Islamic Indeks tahun 2017-2021. Metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dipilih menjadi metode analisis pada penelitian ini dengan disertai uji asumsi klasik, statistik deskriptif, serta uji regresi berganda untuk menguji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa secara simultan rasio profitabilitas yang diproksikan melalui NPM, OPM, GPM, ROA, dan ROE berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR) dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 84.4 persen. Dengan demikian, penelitian dapat menjadi rujukan oleh perusahaan sektor consumer goods dan berimplikasi pada peningkatan secara berkala rasio profitabilitas perusahaan agar dapat meningkatkan rasio pembagian dividen.
Inovasi Pembelajaran Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Sanusi Iwan , Hasbiyallah Hasbiyallah , Ihsan Mahlil Nurul , Rahman Afrillia Muthia
Published: December 2022

The development and progress of the times always demands change and innovation, including in the education and learning sector of Islamic Religious Education. The purpose of this study is to discuss theoretically and practical findings about integrated learning, namely innovation learning STREAM (Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) in Islamic Religious Education subjects. This type of research is qualitative with analytical descriptive approach, uncovering findings and literature study. The findings show that Islamic Religious Education learning at SMAN 5 Bandung in class XII on the Basic Competence of Marriage in Islam, has been carried out using the STREAM approach in four meetings, and collaborates with the subjects of Cultural Arts, Crafts and Entrepreneurship, Sundanese Language, Civics, Biology, Economics-Accounting, and Mathematics. The learning model used is Project Based Learning (PjBL), Role Playing, Time Line of the River of Life and Presentation-Discussion. The products produced are in the form of power point teaching materials, photos and videos of marriage practice simulations with walimah (reception), as well as graphic info on time line planning for life targets until the estimate returns to Allah SWT.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Eğitim Etkinliklerinin Düzeni Açısından Örtük Program Uygulamalarını Kullanma Düzeyleri
Authors: FIRAT DURDUKOCA Şule
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin eğitim etkinliklerini düzenlerken örtük programdan bilinçli bir şekilde nasıl ve ne amaçla yararlandıklarını, bu etkinlikleri nasıl seçtiklerini ve etkinliklerin kaynaklarının neler olduğunu belirlemektir. Araştırma nitel bir çalışma olup durum çalışması deseni kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacına uygun olarak bütüncül çoklu durum deseni kullanılmış, okul öncesinde eğitim etkinliklerinin düzeninde örtük programın etkisi, aynı eğitim programının farklı sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki okullarda nasıl uygulandığının incelenmesiyle tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma grubunu ölçüt örnekleme deseniyle seçilen 42 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve doküman analizi teknikleriyle toplanmış, betimsel analiz tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda katılımcı öğretmenlerin; kazanım, göstergeler ve etkinlikler açısından okul öncesi eğitim programına genel olarak bağlı oldukları, programa bağlılıklarını etkileyen faktörlerin okul türlerine göre değiştiği, çoğunluğunun okul öncesi eğitim programını olumlu yönde eleştirdiği, programın ekonomiklik ve uygulanabilirlik ilkesi doğrultusunda düzenlendiğini ve çocuk merkezli olduğunu belirttikleri tespit edilmiştir. Görev yaptıkları okulların sosyo-ekonomik düzeylerine göre değişmekle birlikte öğretmenler genellikle örtük program kapsamında sıklıkla sosyal ve kültürel etkinlikler düzenlediklerini ifade etmişlerdir. Sıklıkla uygulanan kültürel etkinlikler; anneler günü, cuma günü ve 23 Nisan etkinlikleri olarak sıralanırken, sosyal etkinlikler ise yılsonu/karne günü/mezuniyet partisi etkinlikleri, okulda 100. gün kutlamaları, 1 yaş büyüdüm partisi, bahar şenlikleri, yılsonu sergileri olarak belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin çoğunluğu etkinliklerin uygulanmasının ana nedeninin öğrencilerin çok yönlü gelişimlerini sağlamak olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Örtük program etkinliklerinin seçiminde temel kaynakların internet ve sosyal medya olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Orta sosyo-ekonomik düzeydeki okullarda görev yapan öğretmenlerden bazılarının ise yönetim baskısı nedeniyle törensel etkinlikler düzenlediklerini belirtmeleri araştırmanın öne çıkan bulguları arasında olmuştur. Araştırmadan elde edilen bu bulgular ışığında çeşitli öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
Epidemiologia e pandemia de Covid-19: oportunidades para rever trajetórias e planejar o futuro
Authors: Werneck Guilherme Loureiro
Published: December 2022

A pandemia de Covid-19 provocou modificações substanciais em diversas esferas da vida acadêmica. A Epidemiologia pode utilizar as experiências acumuladas nesse período como oportunidade para planejar seu futuro. O enfrentamento de uma pandemia exige a produção de teorias explicativas sobre o processo pandêmico e sua expressão desigual na população. Nesse sentido, a Epidemiologia necessita fortalecer seus fundamentos científicos e reconhecer os valores e limites de suas abordagens. Nesse caminho, é essencial o fortalecimento dos elos com outras disciplinas. Um novo modelo de ensino pode ser produzido por meio das experiências ao longo da pandemia, integrando conteúdos transversais, como a preparação para a resposta a desastres naturais e de origem tecnológica, incluindo epidemias e pandemias e a comunicação científica. O ensino da Epidemiologia precisa ser contextualizado com as bases da Saúde Coletiva, reforçando seu compromisso com a tradução e a aplicação do conhecimento para a melhoria da saúde e da vida das pessoas.
Epidemiology and the Covid-19 pandemic: opportunities to review trajectories and plan for the future
Authors: Werneck Guilherme Loureiro
Published: December 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused substantial changes in various spheres of academic life. Epidemiology can use the experiences accumulated in this period as an opportunity to plan for its future. Facing a pandemic requires the production of explanatory theories about the pandemic process and its unequal manifestation in the population. In this sense, Epidemiology needs to strengthen its scientific foundations and recognize the values and limits of its approaches. Thus, it is essential to strengthen the links with other disciplines. A new teaching model can be produced from pandemic experiences, including transversal contents, such as preparation for responses to natural and technological disasters, like epidemics and pandemics, and scientific communication. The teaching of Epidemiology needs to be contextualized with the bases of Collective Health, reinforcing its commitment to the translation and application of knowledge in order to improve people’s health and lives.