bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dichotomy of regulatory B cells in cancer versus allergic disease
Authors: Dang Melissa , Yu Justin , Galant‐Swafford Jessica , Karam Sana D.
Published: September 2023

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are an immunosuppressive cell phenotype that affects the immune system by limiting the inflammatory cascade. Dysregulation of Bregs can interestingly play a dichotomous role in the pathophysiology of many diseases and is especially highlighted when examining cancer pathology compared to allergic disease. This study reviews the existing literature on Bregs and compares their role in allergic disease in contrast to cancer development. Upregulation of Bregs in cancer states has been associated with poor prognostic outcomes across various cancer types, and Breg proliferation was associated with chronic interferon signaling, activation of the BCR–BTK (B cell receptor‐Bruton's tyrosine kinase) pathway, and release of C–X–C motif ligand 13. In contrast, Breg dysfunction has been identified as a key mechanism in many allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and contact dermatitis. Development of Breg‐targeted immunotherapies is currently at the preclinical level, but strategies differentially focus on Breg depletion in cancer versus Breg stimulation in allergy. Our review highlights the divergent functions that Bregs play in cancer compared to allergy. We conclude that natural homeostasis hinges on a fine balance between the dichotomous role of Bregs—over or underactivation can result in a pathological state.
Advances in data‐assisted high‐throughput computations for material design
Authors: Xu Dingguo , Zhang Qiao , Huo Xiangyu , Wang Yitong , Yang Mingli
Published: September 2023

Extensive trial and error in the variable space is the main cause of low efficiency and high cost in material development. The experimental tasks can be reduced significantly in the case that the variable space is narrowed down by reliable computer simulations. Because of their numerous variables in material design, however, the variable space is still too large to be accessed thoroughly even with a computational approach. High‐throughput computations (HTC) make it possible to complete a material screening in a large space by replacing the conventionally manual and sequential operations with automatic, robust, and concurrent streamlines. The efficiency of HTC, which is one of the pillars of materials genome engineering, has been verified in many studies, but its applications are still limited by demanding computational costs. Introduction of data mining and artificial intelligence into HTC has become an effective approach to solve the problem. In the past years, many studies have focused on the development and application of HTC and data combined approaches, which is considered as a new paradigm in computational materials science. This review focuses on the main advances in the field of data‐assisted HTC for material research and development and provides our outlook on its future development.
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in Chinese population: Analysis of three new cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Yaoyao , Wang Lina , Chen Xiaoying , Liu Shiguo , Han Wei , Yu Xinjuan , Cao Xipeng , Liu Xiuxiang , Wang Jiahui
Published: September 2023

Background

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare autosomal dominant disease that is mainly caused by PHOX2B mutations. The purpose of this study is to analyze and summarize the clinical and genetic characteristics of CCHS patients in the Chinese population from our study and previous literature.

Methods

The potential pathogenic gene mutations of CCHS were identified and verified by next generation sequencing combined with Sanger sequencing, fluorescent probe PCR and capillary electrophoresis. The clinical characteristics and gene mutations of CCHS cases in Chinese population were summarized from our study and previous literature to explore the genotype–phenotype correlations.

Results

We identified 48 CCHS cases including three new cases from our report in China. Overall, 77.1% of the patients had PHOX2B polyalanine repeat expansion mutations (PARMs), and the remaining 22.9% had 10 distinct PHOX2B non‐polyalanine repeat expansion mutations (NPARMs). Compared to those with PARMs, patients with NPARMs were more likely to have premature birth (54.5% vs. 2.8%, p < 0.001) and lower birth weight (33.3% vs. 3.2%, p = 0.030), with statistical significance. The patients with PARMs were more likely to have cardiovascular defects (64.9% vs. 27.3%, p = 0.063), cerebral hemorrhage (29.7% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.322) and seizures (37.8% vs. 9.1%, p = 0.151) than those with NPARMs, with no statistical significance.

Conclusions

CCHS patients with PHOX2B NPARMs were more likely to have premature birth and low birth weight, while PHOX2B PARMs tended to be positively associated with the risk of cardiovascular defects, cerebral hemorrhage and seizures in Chinese population.
Efficient and effective algebraic splitting‐based solvers for nonlinear saddle point problems
Authors: Liu Jia , Rebholz Leo G. , Xiao Mengying
Published: September 2023

The incremental Picard Yosida (IPY) method has recently been developed as an iteration for nonlinear saddle point problems that is as effective as Picard but more efficient. By combining ideas from algebraic splitting of linear saddle point solvers with incremental Picard‐type iterations and grad‐div stabilization, IPY improves on the standard Picard method by allowing for easier linear solves at each iteration—but without creating more total nonlinear iterations compared to Picard. This paper extends the IPY methodology by studying it together with Anderson acceleration (AA). We prove that IPY for Navier–Stokes and regularized Bingham fits the recently developed analysis framework for AA, which implies that AA improves the linear convergence rate of IPY by scaling the rate with the gain of the AA optimization problem. Numerical tests illustrate a significant improvement in convergence behavior of IPY methods from AA, for both Navier–Stokes and regularized Bingham.
Blow‐up and energy decay for a class of wave equations with nonlocal Kirchhoff‐type diffusion and weak damping
Authors: Liao Menglan , Tan Zhong
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this paper is to study the following equation driven by a nonlocal integro‐differential operator
:

with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition and initial data, where
is the Gagliardo seminorm,
and
with
,
is the space dimension. By virtue of a differential inequality technique, an upper bound of the blow‐up time is obtained with a bounded initial energy if
and some additional conditions are satisfied. For
, in particular, the blow‐up result with high initial energy also is showed by constructing a new control functional and combining energy inequalities with the concavity argument. Moreover, an estimate for the lower bound of the blow‐up time is investigated. Finally, the energy decay estimate is proved as well. These results improve and complement some recent works.
Developmentally specified characterization of the irritability spectrum at early school age: Implications for pragmatic mental health screening
Authors: Hirsch Emily , Alam Tasmia , Kirk Nathan , Bevans Katherine B. , Briggs‐Gowan Margaret , Wakschlag Lauren S. , Wiggins Jillian L. , Roy Amy K.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Developmentally specified measures that identify clinically salient irritability are needed for early school‐age youth to meaningfully capture this transdiagnostic risk factor for psychopathology. Thus, the current study modeled the normal:abnormal irritability spectrum and generated a clinically optimized screening tool for this population.

Methods

The irritability spectrum was modeled via the youth version of the Multidimensional Assessment Profile Scales—Temper Loss Scale (MAPS‐TL‐Youth) in children (n = 474; 6.0–8.9 years) using item response theory (IRT). Both cross‐cutting core irritability items from the early childhood version and new developmentally specific items were included. Items uniquely associated with impairment were identified and used to derive a brief, clinically optimized irritability screener. Longitudinal data were then utilized to test the predictive utility of this clinically optimized screener in preadolescence (n = 348; 8.0–12.9 years).

Results

Most children exhibit irritability regularly, but daily occurrence was rare. Of the top 10 most severe items from the IRT analyses, 9 were from the developmentally specific items added for the MAPS‐TL Youth version. Two items associated with concurrent impairment were identified for the clinically optimized irritability screener (“Become frustrated easily” and “Act irritable”). The MAPS‐TL‐Youth clinically optimized screener demonstrated good sensitivity (69%) and specificity (84%) in relation to concurrent DSM 5 irritability‐related diagnoses. Youth with elevated scores on the screener at early school age (ESA) had more than 7x greater odds of irritability‐related psychopathology at pre‐adolescence.

Conclusions

The MAPS‐TL‐Youth characterized the developmental spectrum of irritability at ESA and a clinically optimized screener showed promise at predicting psychopathology risk. Rigorous testing of clinical applications is a critical next step.
Improved reliability of perfusion estimation in dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI by using the arterial input function from dynamic contrast enhanced MRI
Authors: Tseng Chih‐Hsien , Jaspers Jaap , Romero Alejandra Mendez , Wielopolski Piotr , Smits Marion , van Osch Matthias J.P. , Vos Frans
Published: September 2023

The arterial input function (AIF) plays a crucial role in estimating quantitative perfusion properties from dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI. An important issue, however, is that measuring the AIF in absolute contrast‐agent concentrations is challenging, due to uncertainty in relation to the measured
‐weighted signal, signal depletion at high concentration, and partial‐volume effects. A potential solution could be to derive the AIF from separately acquired dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data. We aim to compare the AIF determined from DCE MRI with the AIF from DSC MRI, and estimated perfusion coefficients derived from DSC data using a DCE‐driven AIF with perfusion coefficients determined using a DSC‐based AIF. AIFs were manually selected in branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in both DCE and DSC data in each patient. In addition, a semi‐automatic AIF‐selection algorithm was applied to the DSC data. The amplitude and full width at half‐maximum of the AIFs were compared statistically using the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test, applying a 0.05 significance level. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived with different AIF approaches and compared further. The results showed that the AIFs extracted from DSC scans yielded highly variable peaks across arteries within the same patient. The semi‐automatic DSC–AIF had significantly narrower width compared with the manual AIFs, and a significantly larger peak than the manual DSC–AIF. Additionally, the DCE‐based AIF provided a more stable measurement of relative CBF and absolute CBF values estimated with DCE–AIFs that were compatible with previously reported values. In conclusion, DCE‐based AIFs were reproduced significantly better across vessels, showed more realistic profiles, and delivered more stable and reasonable CBF measurements. The DCE–AIF can, therefore, be considered as an alternative AIF source for quantitative perfusion estimations in DSC MRI.
An iterated local search for a multi‐period orienteering problem arising in a car patrolling application
Authors: Vidigal Corrêa Victor Hugo , Dong Hang , Iori Manuel , dos Santos André Gustavo , Yagiura Mutsunori , Zucchi Giorgio
Published: September 2023

This paper addresses a real‐world multi‐period orienteering problem arising in a large Italian company that needs to patrol an area in order to provide security services to a set of customers. Each customer requires different services on a weekly basis. Some services are mandatory, while others are optional. It might be impossible to perform all optional services, and each of them is assigned a score when performed. The challenge is to determine a set of routes, one per day, that maximizes a weighted sum of the total collected score and total working time, while meeting several operational constraints, including hard time windows, maximum riding time, minimum number of services performed, and minimum time between two consecutive visits for the same service at the same customer. To solve the problem, we propose an iterated local search that invokes at each iteration an inner variable neighborhood descent procedure. Computational tests performed on a large number of real‐world instances prove that the developed algorithm is very efficient, and finds in a short time solutions that are consistently better than those produced by a mathematical model, and those in use at the company.
Phase‐shift correction of seismic reflections by means of spectral recomposition
Authors: Zuniga Nelson Ricardo Coelho Flores , Draganov Deyan , Ghose Ranajit
Published: September 2023

Using post‐critical reflection data, it is possible to obtain useful information that allows more reliable geological characterization of the subsurface. However, the strong distortion caused by the phase shift in post‐critical wavelets makes the use of post‐critical reflections rather challenging. For this reason, an approach which is capable of estimating the phase shift of each wavelet of a reflection event in a data‐driven manner is desirable. In this vein, in case the frequency spectrum of a wavelet can be correctly estimated, it is possible to estimate the instantaneous phase shift. In this work, we propose an approach which can perform such estimation based on spectral recomposition of seismic data. We design an inversion approach in order to reconstruct the seismic spectrum of the wavelets of a reflection event, which subsequently allows us to estimate the instantaneous phase of each wavelet of the near‐surface reflection events without performing prior velocity analysis and/or critical‐angle estimation. After finding the instantaneous phase for each wavelet of a reflection event, we show next how one can find the respective phase shifts that can then be corrected.
Chimp optimization‐based fuzzy controller for hybrid electric vehicle speed control using electronic throttle plate
Authors: Tripathi Sandeep , Shrivastava Ashish , Jana Kartick C.
Published: September 2023

Today's concern about climate change and the country's economic growth have made adopting hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) a worthy solution. Since the gas emissions of HEVs are closely related to their motor performance, developing an effective HEV motor control technique is essential. The performance and acceleration of an HEV motor are determined by the internal combustion engine (ICE) and the electronic throttle plate (ETP), which employ an air‐fuel mixture for vehicle propulsion. In order to deal with this problem, this article presented an optimal fuzzy controller that controls the throttle plate's angular position and motor speed in HEVs. However, the efficiency and reliability of fuzzy controllers depend upon their gains factor. So, a different heuristic algorithm is employed to self‐tuning the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) gain factor. The performance of the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller was evaluated utilizing various control error indices and time‐domain stability. A comprehensive controller performance analysis using different metaheuristic techniques has been carried out to validate the proposed scheme. The findings show that the suggested ChOA‐fuzzy‐based controller performs better than other techniques.
A constitutive model for modeling the mechanical behavior of the peltate leaf of Stephania japonica (Menispermaceae)
Authors: Macek Domen , Holthusen Hagen , Rjosk Annabell , Ritzert Stephan , Lautenschläger Thea , Neinhuis Christoph , Simon Jaan‐Willem , Reese Stefanie
Published: September 2023

In this contribution, we present a continuum mechanical transversely isotropic viscoelastic material model at finite deformations to model the mechanical behavior of the plant tissues of peltate leaves of Stephania japonica. Not many research efforts have been devoted to investigate the mechanical properties of this type of leaf shape. The model is obtained by postulating a particular Helmholtz free energy, which is split additively into an elastic and an inelastic part. Both parts of the energy depend on the structural tensors to account for the transversely isotropic material behavior. The evolution equations are chosen in a physically meaningful way that always fulfills the second law of thermodynamics. The numerical example reveals that the proposed model is capable of predicting the mechanical response of the real plant tissues at different loading rates.
Nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type with internal length and time scales: Constitutive modelling and dispersion relations
Authors: Agiasofitou Eleni , Lazar Markus
Published: September 2023

In this work, a nonlocal elasticity theory with nonlocality in space and time is presented by considering nonlocal constitutive equations with a dynamical scalar nonlocal kernel. Based on the proposed theory, we consider the isotropic nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type including a characteristic internal time scale parameter in addition to the characteristic internal length scale parameter. The dispersion relations for homogeneous isotropic media in the framework of nonlocal elasticity of Klein‐Gordon type are analytically determined. The obtained results reveal the ability of the presented nonlocal elasticity model to predict, for the first time in the framework of nonlocal elasticity, in addition to the acoustic modes (low‐frequency modes), optic modes (high‐frequency modes) as well as frequency band‐gaps. The phase and group velocities for all four modes (acoustic and optic branches of longitudinal and transverse waves) are determined showing that all four modes exhibit normal dispersion with positive group velocity. The presented model allows for physically realistic dispersive wave propagation.
Multi‐fidelity Gaussian processes for an efficient approximation of frequency sweeps in acoustic problems
Authors: Gurbuz Caglar , Eser Martin , Marburg Steffen
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a multi‐fidelity model for the acceleration of frequency sweep analyses in acoustics. In traditional analyses, the frequency‐dependent Helmholtz equation is repetitively solved at each frequency. Using the boundary element method requires then a plethora of evaluations resulting in high computational costs. In the proposed method, the fidelity levels are realized as Gaussian processes, which are conditioned on observations obtained by boundary element simulations. A coarse boundary element mesh is considered as the low‐fidelity model, whereas a fine mesh is adopted as the high‐fidelity model. To validate the proposed framework, the vehicle interior noise problem is investigated. The results demonstrate that multi‐fidelity Gaussian processes efficiently accelerate the frequency sweep analysis, as they provide accurate and fast predictions across the entire frequency range of interest. As a beneficial side effect, the present method takes uncertainties into account. This allows to consider limited information on the model, which is particularly important in early design phases.
A FEM‐PD coupling based on Arlequin approach to impose boundary conditions in peridynamics
Authors: Pernatii Anna , Gabbert Ulrich , Hesse Jan‐Timo , Willberg Christian
Published: September 2023

The peridynamic approach (PD) is a continuous theory that is well suited for solving damage problems. Because of the nonlocal formulation, PD can predict the response of a material and fracture patterns with high probability in high dynamic processes. In PD, some parameters differ from the continuum formulation and have some deviation in discretized PD systems, such as a horizon. A material constant becomes a parameter dependent on the mesh size. A sticking point, which has to be considered, is that an incomplete horizon at the boundaries results in an unphysical variation of the material's stiffness in these regions. Material points at the boundaries do not have an entire nonlocal neighborhood, meaning the points have fewer bonds and are softer than points within the domain. This leads to the so‐called surface effect. The difficulties in applying the classical local initial and boundary conditions happen because of the nonlocal character of the PD. To overcome this problem, several correction techniques have been developed. Nevertheless, a standard method to describe them is not available yet. An alternative approach is the application of the earlier proposed FEM‐PD coupling, which can be seen as a local‐nonlocal coupling method. The damage‐free zones are analyzed by the FEM as classical local theory, while the domain where the fracture is expected is modeled with the PD as a nonlocal theory. Consequently, the reduction of the computational effort as well as the imposing of the conventional local boundary conditions, is achieved. The coupling method is based on the Arlequin method—an energy‐based procedure where the energy of a system is found as a weighted average of both systems. The mechanical compatibility in the overlapping zone of both domains is reached by implementing constraints with the help of the penalty method. In the paper at hand, the focus is on imposing BCs. The proposed method is applied to both static and dynamic applications. The accuracy and convergence behavior is evaluated by analyzing test examples.
Multigrid multilevel Monte Carlo for a lattice with a displacement
Authors: Ramirez‐Hidalgo Gustavo
Published: September 2023

The Hutchinson method can be used to estimate the trace of a function of a matrix A, that is, , stochastically. With the variance of the Hutchinson estimator decreasing as , techniques to reduce the variance of this estimator become necessary due to the high accuracy required by some calculations in scientific computing. In lattice QCD, where A is the Dirac operator D stemming from a discretization of the Dirac equation, the accuracy of some calculations involving renders them practically unfeasible if one uses the Hutchinson estimator to approximate the trace. One such variance reduction technique, known as multigrid multilevel Monte Carlo, has been introduced recently to deal with for the Laplace 2D, Gauge Laplacian, and Schwinger problems. We use it here in the context of lattice QCD, and moreover, we analyze its impact when dealing with , where is the matrix that emerges when a displacement in one of the four spacetime dimensions of the lattice is introduced. This latter trace is of importance when computing generalized parton distributions in lattice QCD.
Feasibility of pevonedistat combined with azacitidine, fludarabine, cytarabine in pediatric relapsed/refractory AML: Results from COG ADVL1712
Authors: Tarlock Katherine , Liu Xiaowei , Minard Charles G. , Isikwei Emasenyie A. , Reid Joel M. , Horton Terzah M. , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J. , Cooper Todd
Published: September 2023

Background

Outcomes for children with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are poor, and new therapies are needed. Pevonedistat is an inhibitor of the NEDD‐8 activating enzyme, a key regulator of the ubiquitin proteasome system that is responsible for protein turnover, with protein degradation regulating cell growth and survival.

Procedure

We evaluated the feasibility, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of pevonedistat (20 mg/m2 days 1, 3, 5) in combination with azacitidine, fludarabine, cytarabine (aza‐FLA) in children with R/R AML and MDS (NCT03813147). Twelve patients were enrolled, median age was 13 years (range 1–21). Median number of prior chemotherapeutic regimens was two (range one to five), and two (25%) patients had prior hematopoietic cell transplantation. Diagnoses were AML NOS (n = 10, 83%), acute monocytic leukemia (n = 1), and therapy‐related AML (n = 1).

Results

Overall, three of 12 (25%) patients experienced DLTs. The day 1 mean ± SD (n = 12) Cmax, VSS, T1/2, and CL were 223 ± 91 ng/mL, 104 ± 53.8 L/m2, 4.3 ± 1.2 hours, and 23.2 ± 6.9 L/h/m2, respectively. T1/2, VSS, and Cmax, but not CL, were significantly different between age groups. The overall response rate was 25%, with n = 3 patients achieving a complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery (CRi).

Conclusions

Pevonedistat 20 mg/m2 combined with Aza‐FLA was tolerable in children with R/R AML with similar toxicity profile to other intensive AML regimens. However, within the confines of a phase 1 study, we did not observe that the pevonedistat + Aza‐FLA combination demonstrated significant anti‐leukemic activity.
MetaLAB‐HOI: Template standardization of health outcomes enable massive and accurate detection of adverse drug reactions from electronic health records
Authors: Lee Suehyun , Shin Hyunah , Choe Seon , Kang Min‐Gyu , Kim Sae‐Hoon , Kang Dong Yoon , Kim Ju Han
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to advance the MetaLAB algorithm and verify its performance with multicenter data to effectively detect major adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including drug‐induced liver injury.

Methods

Based on MetaLAB, we created an optimal scenario for detecting ADRs by considering demographic and clinical records. MetaLAB‐HOI was developed to identify ADR signals using common model‐based multicenter electronic health record (EHR) data from the clinical health outcomes of interest (HOI) template and design for drug‐exposed and nonexposed groups. In this study, we calculated the odds ratio of 101 drugs for HOI in Konyang University Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University Hospital, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Results

The overlapping drugs in four medical centers are amlodipine, aspirin, bisoprolol, carvedilol, clopidogrel, clozapine, digoxin, diltiazem, methotrexate, and rosuvastatin. We developed MetaLAB‐HOI, an algorithm that can detect ADRs more efficiently using EHR. We compared the detection results of four medical centers, with drug‐induced liver injuries as representative ADRs.

Conclusions

MetaLAB‐HOI's strength lies in fully utilizing the patient's clinical information, such as prescription, procedure, and laboratory results, to detect ADR signals. Considering changes in the patient's condition over time, we created an algorithm based on a scenario that accounted for each drug exposure and onset period supervised by specialists for HOI. We determined that when a template capable of detecting ADR based on clinical evidence is developed and manualized, it can be applied in medical centers for new drugs with insufficient data.
A rapid fabrication of flexible fluoropolymer with porous structure based on a high internal phase emulsion template
Authors: Xia Xianger , Li Xiaoshuang , Ma Kunkai , Chen Yezhen , Luan Zhenchao , Chu Hongyue , Geng Bing , Yan Mei
Published: September 2023

Although fluorinated porous materials are considered promising candidates due to their high porosity, low density and acid and alkali resistance, they still face several challenges, such as complex preparation methods, heat‐induced polymerization of fluorinated emulsion taking too long and material brittleness. In this study, we avoided the difficult problem of stability of fluorine‐containing emulsions. We prepared functional hydrophobic hyperelastomers with morphological control, excellent oil absorption and recyclability by thiol–ene click photopolymerization using a water‐in‐oil high internal phase emulsion as template. The oil absorption capacity of the B4‐30%Si sample did not change after 10 recycles. By combining the advantages of organic fluorine and inorganic silicon, the prepared foam retains hydrophobicity and excellent chemical resistance, and has excellent structural and mechanical properties and can be compressed up to a 90% strain without rupture. Finally, the composite porous material B4‐30%Si has greater thermal stability (up to 280 °C) than commercially available polypropylene separators, due to the introduction of fluorine and silicon, and better flexibility and mechanical strength than glass fiber separators. Therefore, these materials are promising for use in lithium–sulfur batteries and wearable electronic components after further modification. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hyperspectral Imaging as a Facile and Non‐Destructive Method for Size Analysis of Gold Nanoparticles Deposited on Porous Materials
Authors: Ciemięga Agnieszka , Maresz Katarzyna , Romaszewski Michał , Głomb Przemysław , Krupska‐Wolas Paulina , Prusik Krystian
Published: September 2023

Herein, the feasibility of using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) for fast and non‐destructive size estimation of supported gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is demonstrated. NPs of different sizes in the range of 2–12 nm in diameter are deposited onto silica supports with various pore structure. The NPs sizes are determined on the basis of TEM images. Data from HSI and UV–vis spectra, i.e., the location of the reflectance minimum and absorption maximum, respectively, are compared, and good agreement is obtained. Thus, it is shown that the hyperspectral camera can be an effective tool to characterize the size of gold NPs deposited on a porous supports.
Real‐life experience with a generic formulation of lumacaftor‐ivacaftor in patients with cystic fibrosis homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation
Authors: Teper Alejandro , Lubovich Silvina , Rodríguez Viviana , Zaragoza Silvina , Rodríguez Ezequiel , Bournissen Facundo García
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most frequent recessive autosomal disorder in the Caucasian population. It is caused by mutations that result in a deficient or dysfunctional cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein activity. Among CFTR modulators, potentiator compounds increase channel opening, whereas corrector compounds increase CFTR quantity in the cell surface.

Objective

To report real‐life effects of a generic formulation of lumacaftor‐ivacaftor use in patients with CF homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation.

Patients and Methods

Clinical variables (body mass index [BMI], pulmonary exacerbations, sweat test, and pulmonary function) were analyzed in 30 CF patients homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation, treated with lumacaftor‐ivacaftor for 12 months, at the Respiratory Center of Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez. These clinical variables were compared with those before the use of modulators.

Results

A total of 30 patients with CF homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation receiving lumacaftor‐ivacaftor therapy were included in this study. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at the start of treatment was 10.79 (7.08–14.05) years. Nineteen patients were male. Before treatment, median (IQR) sweat chloride concentration was 80 (72–92) mEq/L, and it had decreased to 74 (68–78) mEq/L (p = .05) 12 months after treatment. Median (IQR) BMI z‐score improved from −0.33 (−0.86 to 0.21) to −0.13 (−0.66 to 0.54) (p = .003). A spirometry was performed in 28 of 30 patients. Median (IQR) ppFEV1 was 83.5 (71–91) before treatment and 86.5 (67–103) after treatment (p = .38), 73.3% of patients referred decreased sputum production and 40% reported improvement in their dyspnea at 12 months. Severe pulmonary exacerbations significantly decreased from 60% in the year before treatment, to 30% at 12 months after treatment (p = .037); 13 patients showed an improvement in their exacerbation rates, 2 showed an increased rate, and 15 showed no change.

Conclusions

The use of a generic formulation of lumacaftor‐ivacaftor in patients homozygous for the Phe508del CFTR mutation was associated with improvement in nutritional status and respiratory symptoms, and a significant reduction in severe pulmonary exacerbations.
AdS/BCFT Correspondence and Horndeski Gravity in the Presence of Gauge Fields: Holographic Paramagnetism/Ferromagnetism Phase Transition
Authors: Santos Fabiano F. , Bravo‐Gaete Moisés , Sokoliuk Oleksii , Baransky Alexander
Published: September 2023

This paper presents a dual gravity model for a (2+1)‐dimensional system with a limit on finite charge density and temperature, which will be used to study the properties of the holographic phase transition to paramagnetism‐ferromagnetism in the presence of Horndeski gravity terms. In our model, the non‐zero charge density is supported by a magnetic field. As a result, the radius indicates a localized condensate, as the Horndeski gravity parameter is increased, that is represented by γ. Furthermore, such condensate shows quantum Hall‐type behavior. This radius is also inversely related to the total action coefficients of our model. It is observed that increasing the Horndeski parameter decreases the critical temperature of the holographic model and leads to the harder formation of the magnetic moment at the bottom of the black hole. However, when removing the magnetic field, the ferromagnetic material presents a disorder of its magnetic moments, which is observed through the entropy of the system. The authors also found that at low temperatures, spontaneous magnetization and ferromagnetic phase transition.
How does the neighbourhood environment influence migrants' subjective well‐being in urban China?
Authors: Cheng Hanbei , Su Lingling , Li Zhigang
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the role of sense of place (SoP) in the relationship between the neighbourhood environment (NE) and subjective well‐being (SWB), focusing on Chinese migrants who face spatial and cultural displacement. Beyond previous research, we further consider the influence of residential length. Surveying 716 migrants in Wuhan in 2018, we explore the dynamic place mechanisms underlying the association between the NE and SWB. Our findings reveal that the physical and social aspects of the NE, particularly walkability and social integration, significantly impact migrants' SWB. Moreover, SoP mediates the relationship between the NE and SWB, highlighting the social production function of people and places in communities. Long‐term residence does not directly affect migrants' SWB, yet just indirectly influence SWB through SoP. This underscores the ongoing pertinence and significance of SoP, connecting residential stability to positive social implications. This study concludes that the place mechanism underlying the association between the NE and migrants' SWB operates both through migrants' emotional connections to a specific place (SoP) and the reinforcement of place experience resulting from a longer duration of residence. To establish inclusive communities, we propose planning and governance measures that enhance space quality, empower neighbourhoods to foster SoP, strengthen residential stability, and improve migrants' SWB.
Study on the thermal oxidation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids by synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Qian Bing , Hu Yonghua , Xu Minggao , Yang Jiuzhong , Liu Chengyuan , Pan Yang
Published: September 2023

Rationale

Cooking oil fumes contain numerous hazardous and carcinogenic chemicals, posing potential threats to human health. However, the sources of these species remain ambiguous, impeding health risk assessment, pollution control and mechanism research.

Methods

To address this issue, the thermal oxidation of three common unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), namely oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, present in vegetable oils was investigated. The volatile and semi‐volatile products were comprehensively characterized by online synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry (SR‐PIMS) with two modes, which were validated and complemented using offline gas chromatography (GC)/MS methods. Tunable SR‐PIMS combined with photoionization efficiency curve simulation enabled the recognition of isomers/isobars in gaseous fumes.

Results

SR‐PIMS revealed over 100 products, including aldehydes, alkenes, furans, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc., such as small molecules of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, ethylene and furan, which are not readily detected by conventional GC/MS; and some unreported fractions, e.g. ketene, 4‐ethylcyclohexene and cycloundecene(E), were also observed. Furthermore, real‐time monitoring of product emissions during the thermal oxidation of the three UFAs via SR‐PIMS revealed that linolenic acid may be the major source of acrolein.

Conclusion

SR‐PIMS has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for online investigation of cooking oil fumes. This study achieved comprehensive characterization of volatile and semi‐volatile products from the thermal oxidation of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids, facilitating the traceability of species in cooking fumes and aiding in exploring the thermal reactions of different vegetable oils.
Geography of firms and propagation of local economic conditions
Authors: Bernile Gennaro , Delikouras Stefanos , Korniotis George M. , Kumar Alok
Published: September 2023

This study shows that the geographic network of public firms facilitates the propagation of local economic conditions across the United States. We identify economic connections among U.S. states based on the 10‐K listings of public firms and show that the returns and liquidity of firms headquartered in connected states exhibit excess comovement. The economic connections also generate spillover effects where the economy of a state affects its connected states and amplifies the impact of local economic conditions on the U.S. economy. In particular, a 1% production increase in a large state like California is associated with a 6.71% change in annual U.S. GDP growth, relative to average GDP growth.
Saturated exponential super‐twisting sliding mode control for bottom‐following of biomimetic underwater vehicles with unmeasured velocities
Authors: Gao Liyang , Qin Hongde , Li Peng , Si Jinshuai
Published: September 2023

This article addresses the bottom‐following problem for biomimetic underwater vehicles without translational velocity measurements in the presence of complex uncertainties and actuator saturation. A novel saturated exponential super‐twisting algorithm based integral terminal sliding mode control (SESTA‐ITSMC) scheme is created to ensure fast convergence and strong robustness as well as attenuate the chattering of actuators. Salient features are as follows. Instead of discontinuous term in the conventional super‐twisting algorithm, a novel SESTA is developed by incorporating a fractional power term, which ensures that the system achieves a faster transient response, effectively eliminating the chattering phenomenon. Then, to deal with the unknown states and further improve the anti‐interference ability of the system, the finite‐time dual estimator is devised to fast and precisely estimate the translational velocities and lumped uncertainties. Finally, a finite‐time anti‐windup auxiliary system is proposed to compensate for the saturation constraints on actuators in real time. Finite‐time convergence of estimation errors and bottom following errors is guaranteed by the Lyapunov stability theory. Comparative simulation results fully demonstrate the excellence of the proposed SESTA‐ITSMC scheme.
COVID‐19 pandemic effects on trajectories of college students' stress, coping, and sleep quality: A four‐year longitudinal analysis
Authors: Brown Joshua K. , Papp Lauren M.
Published: September 2023

College students' stress levels, coping strategies, and sleep quality are important indicators of functioning and further predict their health and well‐being. The current study utilises data repeatedly collected over more than 4 years from students enroled at a large public research university in the Midwestern US. Our data collection period coincided with the COVID‐19 pandemic's onset, facilitating systematic examination of whether and how college students' trajectories (i.e., level and slopes) of stress, coping, and sleep quality changed as the pandemic progressed. Across five waves, surveys assessed multiple outcome and predictor domains every 6 months. Analyses revealed differential courses of change for the outcomes. Stress levels were overall lower immediately after the onset but trended upwards as the pandemic continued. Reported coping reduced significantly after the onset and showed a steeper decline as the pandemic wore on. Sleep quality showed no significant pandemic changes over time, though sleep duration and timing showed initial onset effects. College students' stress, coping, and sleep changed in complex and nuanced ways after the pandemic's onset and findings from our longitudinal analyses expand upon those from previous limited repeated measure and cross‐sectional studies. Altogether, findings demonstrate multifaceted changes that may have ongoing effects to affect well‐being during key developmental stages.
Hollow Plasmonic P‐Metal‐N S‐Scheme Heterojunction Photoreactor with Spatially Separated Dual Cocatalysts toward Artificial Photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shi Hulin , Zhao Shuyi , Chen Zhulei , Zheng Yiyi , Tu Gaomei , Zhong Shuxian , Zhao Yuling , Bai Song
Published: September 2023

Semiconductor‐based step‐scheme (S‐scheme) heterojunctions possess many merits toward mimicking natural photosynthesis. However, their applications for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion are hindered by inefficient charge utilization and unsatisfactory surface reactivity. Herein, two synergistic protocols are demonstrated to overcome these limitations based on the construction of a hollow plasmonic p‐metal‐n S‐scheme heterojunction photoreactor with spatially separated dual noble‐metal‐free cocatalysts. On one side, plasmonic Au, inserted into the heterointerfaces of CuS@ZnIn2S4 core–shell nanoboxes, not only accelerates the transfer and recombination of useless charges, enabling a more thorough separation of useful ones for CO2 reduction and H2O oxidation but also generates hot electrons and holes, respectively injects them into ZnIn2S4 and CuS, further increasing the number of active carriers participating in redox reactions. On the other side, Fe(OH)x and Ti3C2 cocatalysts, separately located on the CuS and ZnIn2S4 surface, enrich the redox sites, adjust the reduction potential and pathway for selective CO2‐to‐CH4 transformation, and balance the transfer and consumption of photocarriers. As expected, significantly enhanced activity and selectivity in CH4 production are achieved by the smart design along with nearly stoichiometric ratios of reduction and oxidation products. This study paves the way for optimizing artificial photosynthetic systems via rational interfacial channel introduction and surface cocatalyst modification.
Metal Selenides Find Plenty of Space in Architecting Advanced Sodium/Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Jingjuan , Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao
Published: September 2023

The rapid evolution of smart grid system urges researchers on exploiting systems with properties of high‐energy, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly beyond lithium‐ion batteries. Under the circumstances, sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries with the semblable work mechanism to commercial lithium‐ion batteries, hold the merits of cost‐effective and earth‐abundant. As a result, it is deemed a promising candidate for large‐scale energy storage devices. Exploiting appropriate active electrode materials is in the center of the spotlight for the development of batteries. Metal selenides with special structures and relatively high theoretical capacity have aroused broad interest and achieved great achievements. To push the smooth development of metal selenides and enhancement of the electrochemical performance of sodium‐ and potassium‐ion batteries, it is vital to grasp the inherent properties and electrochemical mechanisms of these materials. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art development and challenges of metal selenides are summarized and discussed. Meanwhile, the corresponding electrochemical mechanism and future development directions are also highlighted.
Toward Conductive Additive Free Organic Electrode for Lithium‐Ion Battery Using Supramolecular Columnar Organization
Authors: Pignier Vincent , Toumieux Sylvestre , Davoisne Carine , Caroff Maxandre , Jamali Arash , Pilard Serge , Mathiron David , Cailleu Dominique , Delattre François , Singh Dharmendra Pratap , Douali Redouane , Becuwe Matthieu
Published: September 2023

With the aim to meet the greatest challenge facing organic batteries, namely the low conductivity of the electrodes, the electrochemical properties of a series of substituted perylene diimides able to form semi‐conductive columnar material are investigated. Depending on the substituent group, a strong influence of this group on the reversibility, redox potential but especially on the gravimetric capacity of the electrodes is observed. In the case of substitution by a simple propyl group, the corresponding diimide shows a complete electrochemical activity with only 10% by mass of conductive additive and even shows a half‐capacity activity without any additive and without particular electrode engineering. Extensive research has highlighted the intrinsic reactivity of the columnar material but also its perpetual rearrangement during charge/discharge cycles. This study shows that the amount of conductive additive can be significantly reduced by adapting the design of the molecular material and favoring the assembly of redox units in the form of a conductive column.
Recent Advances in Aqueous Non‐Metallic Ion Batteries with Organic Electrodes
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Yang Zhuo , Lu Yong , Tao Zhanliang , Chen Jun
Published: September 2023

Aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries have attracted much attention in recent years owing to their fast kinetics, long cycle life, and low manufacture cost. Organic compounds with flexible structural designability are promising electrode materials for aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries. In this review, the recent progress of organic electrode materials is systematically summarized for aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries with the focus on the interaction between non‐metallic ion charge carriers and organic electrode host materials. Both the cations (proton, ammonium ion, and methyl viologen ions) and anions (chloridion, sulfate ion, perchlorate ion, trifluoromethanesulfonate and trifluoromethanesulfonimide ion) storage are discussed. Moreover, the design strategies toward improving the comprehensive performance of organic electrode materials in aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries will be summarized. More organic electrode materials with new reaction mechanisms need to be explored to meet the diverse demands of aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries with different charge carriers in the future. This review provides insights into developing high‐performance organic electrodes for aqueous non‐metallic ion batteries.