bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) of the Kopaonik National Park (Serbia)
Authors: Popović Filip , Stojanović-Petrović Mirjana , Trakić Tanja , Sekulić Jovana
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the first list of earthworm fauna of the Kopaonik National Park, a total of 16 taxa, belonging to eight genera of the family Lumbricidae. The genera with the largest number of the registered taxa are Dendrobaena and Lumbricus, while the genera Aporrectodea, Bimastos, Eisenia, Eiseniella, Octodrilus and Octolasion are represented by one species each. Also, the review of zoogeographical types and ecological categories of registered species are presented. Half of the species are peregrine, while the rest are autochthonous. Regarding ecological categories, anecic (2) and endogeic (4) species are more sensitive to high mountain environmental conditions than epigeic (12) species, which are more adapted to such conditions. Overall, our results highlight how little was previously known about the earthworm fauna in this area and emphasize the need for further collecting to better understand the hidden earthworm diversity in Kopaonik NP.
Distribution of Lumbricus meliboeus (Rosa 1884) (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae): First finding in Kosovo and Metohija
Authors: Trakić Tanja , Radosavljević Slobodanka , Popović Filip , Stojanović-Petrović Mirjana , Sekulić Jovana
Published: July 2022

The results of our study provide new data about a Lumbricus meliboeus (Rosa 1884) distribution. It is for the first time registered for the territory of Kosovo and Metohija. The new finding place Dubrava represents the southeasternmost point of the species' natural areal. Summarizing all the data reported so far, it can be concluded that this species possesses a wider distribution than was previously thought.
Town and village (differences and interdependence) in the work of Dragoljub Jovanović
Authors: Živić Nikola , Radovanović Nemanja
Published: July 2022

In his scientific and political work, Dragoljub Jovanović was interested, more than in anything else, in issues of the village and the peasantry. There is a large and diverse number of topics and problems elaborated by D. Jovanović within the mentioned question. The paper will discuss Jovanović's views on the village and the city, i.e. differences and interdependence between these two types of settlements. We have tried to see Jovanović's understanding of the relationship between the village and the town at several levels, bearing in mind that in his papers the town almost always appears in the service of a better understanding of the village and the peasant. The paper is based on the analysis of Dragoljub Jovanović's available papers, as well as the literature that deals with the author's life and work. Where necessary, we have also considered other relevant literature related to the topic of the paper. Taking into account the fact that D. Jovanović's work is insufficiently known in the field of sociology, the aim of the research was to find relevant sociological insights of this author into the relationship between the village and the town. We believe this is also supported by the fact that a great deal of these considerations is still relevant today.
Reaffirmation of agricultural policy in the work of Dragoljub Jovanović: A look into the past, a review of the present, and a foundation for the future
Authors: Tmušić Marko
Published: July 2022

The problem of agriculture was one of the central issues in the scientific and, later, in the political activities of Dragoljub Jovanović. His understanding of the importance of agriculture, as well as diagnosing the problems that the village, as a territorial unit of agriculture, and the peasant, as a basic economic entity, face in agriculture, is an important basis for analyzing both past and present problems of Serbian agriculture. The answer to the dilemma about Serbian agriculture as its development opportunity, or as a kind of myth that has lasted for more than a century, can be found in Jovanović's most important conclusions. In this paper, we will present his concept of agricultural policy by analyzing two key categories: the village (and the peasant) and cooperatives. Relying on the established conclusions, we will offer some useful guidelines for the future development of agriculture in Serbia.
Overview of standards for coated electrodes
Authors: Pejkić Saša
Published: July 2022

The most important international and national standards that regulate the names, chemical compositions and mechanical properties of coated electrodes are intertwined and complementary, and some standards have great similarities and often derive from each other. For that reason, there is no precisely defined limit, which defines the difference between coated electrodes that are used for welding a certain group of materials. The paper will consider the manufacturing method of grouping coated electrodes depending on the standard or depending on the purpose and chemical composition.
Certification of Standard Reference Material® 2196 Axial Resolution Standard for Optical Medical Imaging
Authors: Hwang Jeeseong , Briggman Kimberly , Rentz Nikki , Kim Hyun-Jin , Allen David W. , Richter Lee , Yoon Sowon , Lu John
Published: July 2022

Medical imaging devices and systems must be calibrated to ensure uniformity and reliability of test results. A standard reference material (SRM) or "phantom", as it is known in the medical imaging community, is used to replicate fundamental characteristics of tissue and/or the material for which the imaging device is intended for use. SRMs can be readily deployed to sites where devices are being used, negating the need to physically relocate instruments for calibration or performance testing. The SRM produced in this work is appropriate for calibrating depth-resolving 3D optical systems such as optical coherent tomography (OCT). The SRM consists of three layers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films on a gridded glass slide. A thin, clear layer of PDMS is sandwiched between two thicker scattering layers of PDMS. The scattering layers contain titanium dioxide (TiO2) as scattering particles to allow easy identification of the thicknesses of the three layers as a dimensional calibration of the axial resolution of an optical coherence tomographic imaging device. The concentration of TiO2 scattering particles in PDMS can be adjusted to control its scattering coefficient to mimic that of biological tissue which was independently measured by a broadband integrating sphere system at NIST for these concentrations. The thickness of each layer was measured by NIST's spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instrument to produce data similar to that obtained using clinical devices. The axial dimensions of each region of interest of the SRM was determined from the pixelated, 3D tomographs acquired with an index of refraction (n) = 1, then converted from pixels to µm using a NIST-traceable height standard to calibrate the NIST SD-OCT and then corrected by the index of refraction of PDMS as measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry at the appropriate OCT wavelength. For the users of the SRMs, we have developed an algorithm which can be applied to a 3D tomograph obtained from any OCT to detect the interfacial planes between the three layers of the SRM. The algorithm reports the local layer thicknesses for each pixel across the entire lateral dimension of the tomographic data cube. The user can then compare the output of the algorithm generated by their OCT tomograph to the values from NIST to determine the calibration of their instrument. For each SRM, we report a mean thickness and standard deviation for each of the three-layer thicknesses across 9 regions of interest as defined by a target grid registered in the SRM.
Uprawnienia Prezesa UOKiK na platformach sprzedażowych w związku ze zgłoszeniami „naruszeń” praw własności intelektualnej, które mogą skutkować ograniczeniem konkurencji
Authors:   Kancelaria Affre i Wspólnicy sp.k., Miszczuk Marta
Published: July 2022

W EUIPO istnieje możliwość zarejestrowania w ciągu kilku dni wzoru wspólnotowego, który jest chroniony na terytorium całej UE. Procedura rejestracji nie wymaga sprawdzenia czy wzór spełnia ustawowe przesłanki (tzw. system rejestracji). Ostatnio jest ona wykorzystywana do monopolizacji sprzedaży produktów, które od lat są w obrocie. Sprawa dotyczy wyłącznie platform sprzedażowych, gdyż one stosują regulaminy naruszeń PWI, traktujące w automatyczny sposób udzielone prawa własności przemysłowej i kwalifi kują pozostałych sprzedawców jako naruszycieli. Ze względu na to, że sprzedaż online w znacznej mierze realizowana jest poprzez platformy sprzedażowe, problem nabiera znaczenia. Artykuł ma na celu analizę, na podstawie akt prawnych dotyczących sprzedaży online (jak rozporządzenie Platform-to-Business czy procedowany jeszcze Digital Services Act), zakresu uprawnień Prezesa UOKiK do wpływania na treść regulaminów naruszeń PWI na poszczególnych platformach sprzedażowych. Takie działanie mieści się bowiem w ramach ochrony konsumentów oraz ochrony interesów przedsiębiorców podejmowanej w interesie publicznym.
A case report of Apert syndrome with review of literatures
Authors: Eftekhari Hojat , Rafiei Rana , Karim Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Apert syndrome is a rare syndrome which presents with craniosynostosis, severe syndactyly, and dysmorphic facial features. It is mainly caused by a new mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor-2 gene. Up-regulation of this gene results in bone fusion and nuclear deficiency of the transcription factor FoxO1 which is a key transcription factor in the pathogenesis of acne. We present herein a 19-year-old man with nodulocystic acne associated with acrocephaly, prominent forehead, ocular hypertelorism, short and broad nose, high arched palate, maxillary hypoplasia, dental crowding and ectopia, severe bilateral syndactyly of the hands and feet. Apert syndrome was diagnosed for him based on mentioned clinical findings. Isotretinoin 20 mg/day was prescribed for nodulocystic acne with significant improvement two months later. Severe acne in early puberty associated with synostosis is the hallmark of Apert syndrome and we should mindful of these syndromic cases in dermatology clinic.
Extracts from Acta Literaria Sveciae, Volumen Primum (1720–1724)
Authors: Burman Erik Johan , Quensel Conrad
Published: July 2022

The file is a facsimile of extracts from the first volume of the Acta Literaria Sveciae, covering all mentions of the aurora borealis in the journal from 1720 to 1724. For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas.
First published in July 2022. In March 2023, an updated facsimile with fulltext search functionality was published (see acknowledgements in the Introduction).
Extracts from Acta Literaria Sveciae, Volumen Secundum (1725–1729)
Authors: Burman Erik Johan , Quensel Conrad , Celsius Anders
Published: July 2022

The file is a facsimile of extracts from the second volume of the Acta Literaria Sveciae, covering all mentions of the aurora borealis in the journal from 1725 to 1729. For a detailed summary of contents, see the introduction by Per Pippin Aspaas.
First published in July 2022. In March 2023, an updated facsimile with fulltext search functionality was published (see acknowledgements in the Introduction).
The immunomodulatory potential of phage therapy to treat acne: a review on bacterial lysis and immunomodulation
Authors: Farfán Juan , Gonzalez John M. , Vives Martha
Published: July 2022

Background

Characterized by an inflammatory pathogenesis, acne is the most common skin disorder worldwide. Altered sebum production, abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, and microbiota dysbiosis represented by disbalance in Cutibacterium acnes population structure, have a synergic effect on inflammation of acne-compromised skin. Although the role of C. acnes as a single factor in acne development is still under debate, it is known that skin and skin-resident immune cells recognize this bacterium and produce inflammatory markers as a result. Control of the inflammatory response is frequently the target for acne treatment, using diverse chemical or physical agents including antibiotics. However, some of these treatments have side effects that compromise patient adherence and drug safety and in the case of antibiotics, it has been reported C. acnes resistance to these molecules. Phage therapy is an alternative to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and have been recently proposed as an immunomodulatory therapy. Here, we explore this perspective about phage therapy for acne, considering the potential immunomodulatory role of phages.

Methodology

Literature review was performed using four different databases (Europe PubMed Central-ePMC, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). Articles were ordered and selected according to their year of publication, number of citations, and quartile of the publishing journal.

Results

The use of lytic bacteriophages to control bacterial infections has proven its promising results, and anti-inflammatory effects have been found for some bacteriophages and phage therapy. These effects can be related to bacterial elimination or direct interaction with immune cells that result in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies on C. acnes bacteriophages have investigated their lytic activity, genomic structure, and stability on different matrices. However, studies exploring the potential of immunomodulation of these bacteriophages are still scarce.

Conclusions

C. acnes bacteriophages, as well as other phages, may have direct immunomodulatory effects that are yet to be fully elucidated. To our knowledge, to the date that this review was written, there are only two studies that investigate anti-inflammatory properties for C. acnes bacteriophages. In those studies, it has been evidenced reduction of pro-inflammatory response to C. acnes inoculation in mice after bacteriophage application. Nevertheless, these studies were conducted in mice, and the interaction with the immune response was not described. Phage therapy to treat acne can be a suitable therapeutic alternative to C. acnes control, which in turn can aid to restore the skin’s balance of microbiota. By controlling C. acnes colonization, C. acnes bacteriophages can reduce inflammatory reactions triggered by this bacterium.
Identifying DUSP-1 and FOSB as hub genes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy by WGCNA and DEG screening and validation
Authors: Jianping Wu , Wei Xiaona , Li Jiajia , Zhang Rui , Han Qianqian , Yang Qiongqiong
Published: July 2022

Background

The mechanism of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is still unknown. A bioinformatics analysis is a powerful method to identify the biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets of a certain disease from related datasets.

Methods

The GSE93973 dataset, obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, was used to construct a weighted gene co-expression network (WGCNA) and filter differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The biological process (BP) enrichment among all the genes in the key modules was analyzed through a Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. We selected the overlap of hub genes in the WGCNA and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network as the final hub genes in IgAN. We verified the final hub genes in two other datasets and in clinical kidney tissue specimens. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of hub genes for IgAN.

Results

The turquoise module, which contained 1,806 genes, was the module with the highest correlation coefficient with IgAN in the GSE93973 dataset. The GO enrichment analysis showed that these 1,806 genes were mainly enriched in inflammation and immune responses. There were five hub genes identified by WGCNA and 34 hub genes identified in a DEG analysis in the GSE93973 dataset. DUSP1 and FOSB were identified as the final hub genes in IgAN. The validation results of the final hub genes in two other databases and clinical kidney tissue specimens validated the result that, compared to the control group, FOSB and DUSP1 were expressed at lower levels in the glomerulus of IgAN patients. The ROC curve indicated that DUSP1 and FOSB were good diagnostic indicators for IgAN.

Conclusions

Our analysis identified two hub genes that might be potential targets for the intervention and treatment of IgAN.
Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of lipoxygenase gene family in turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa)
Authors: Yan Cunyao , Jia Kai , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhonglin , Sha Xiaomei , Gao Jie , Yan Huizhuan
Published: July 2022

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) is an important crop with edible and medicinal values, and various stresses, especially salt stress and drought stress, seriously threaten the yield of turnips. LOXs play important roles in regulating plant growth and development, signal transduction, and biotic and abiotic stress responses through secondary metabolites produced by the oxylipin metabolic pathway, and although the turnip genome has been published, however, the role of LOX family genes in various abiotic stress responses has not been systematically studied in turnips. In this study, a total of 15 LOX genes (BrrLOX) were identified in turnip, distributed on six chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified these LOX genes into two classes: three 9-LOX proteins and 12 13-LOX type II proteins. Gene duplication analysis showed that tandem and segmental duplication were the main pathways for the expansion of the BrrLOX gene family. The Ka and Ks values of the duplicated genes indicate that the BrrLOX gene underwent strong purifying selection. Further analysis of the cis-acting elements of the promoters suggested that the expression of the BrrLOX gene may be influenced by stress and phytohormones. Transcriptome data analysis showed that 13 BrrLOX genes were expressed at one or more stages of turnip tuber development, suggesting that LOX genes may be involved in the formation of turnip fleshy roots. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that four stresses (salt stress, drought stress, cold stress, and heat stress) and three hormone treatments (methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid) affected the expression levels of BrrLOX genes and that different BrrLOX genes responded differently to these stresses. In addition, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of BrrLOX revealed seven co-expression modules, and the genes in these co-expression modules are collectively involved in plant growth and development and stress response processes. Thus, our results provide valuable information for the functional identification and regulatory mechanisms of BrrLOX in turnip growth and development and stress response.
INOCA: Non-Invasive Assessment of the Pathophysological Mechanisms Using CZT-SPECT
Authors: Gobbo Magalí Y. , Meretta Alejandro H. , Sciancalepore María , Retamozo Erica , Beber Estefanía , Rosa Daniel , Pérez Baliño Néstor , Masoli Osvaldo
Published: July 2022

Background: One of the causes of INOCA (Ischemia with Non- Obstructive Coronary Arteries) is microvascular dysfunction (MVD), which can be noninvasively assessed through the quantification of myocardial blood flow (MBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR). Dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) by CZT-SPECT at rest, with dipyridamole stress test and cold pressor test (CPT) can establish the presence of two different pathophysiological mechanisms of MVD: endothelium-independent or endothelium-dependent, respectively. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of CZT-SPECT for the diagnosis of MVD and the different mechanisms involved in patients with INOCA. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 consecutive INOCA patients were prospectively included and underwent dynamic MPI with CZT-SPECT at rest and with dipyridamole stress test and CPT. THe MBF was quantified using 4DM® software. A MFR response to dipyridamole <2, and changes in MBF (ΔMBF) <1.5 with CPT were considered abnormal responses. MVD was defined in the presence of one abnormal response or both. Results: CZT-SPECT detected MVD in 85% (n = 79) of the patients with INOCA. Forty-two percent had an abnormal response to both stressors while 43% presented an abnormal response of MBF only with CPT. Conclusion: The use of CZT-SPECT with both stress tests allowed the evaluation of different possible pathophysiological mechanisms of MVD present in most patients with INOCA
Placental Changes in Perinatal DeathAn Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in North Karnataka
Authors: Bargunam Priyadharshini , Jigalur Parvathi S , Reddy Purusotham , Kanakaraya Jamuna
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Placenta is poetically described as a diary which bears the events of intrauterine life; hence examining them, especially in perinatal death can provide valuable information regarding the cause of death and sometimes gives an idea about recurrence of such events. Aim: To describe the various placental lesions in perinatal death and compare them with equal number of normal placentae. Materials and Methods: This prospective, comparative, crosssectional study was conducted in tertiary care centre, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, Karnataka, India. All placentae, irrespective of the gestational age, received in the Department of Pathology, from October 1st 2017 to March 31st 2019 were collected after taking an informed consent. A total of 539 cases were received in this time frame, of which 121 (22.45%) were dead and included in the study and were compared with 121 normal placentae (alive), without any maternal co-morbidities. The placentae were grossed and assessed according to Amsterdam guidelines. The significance of the difference observed was established by Chi-square test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: Of these 121 cases, 89 (73.5%) cases had placental changes, whereas 32 (26.5%) cases were devoid of placental changes. Placental infarct and increased syncytial knots were seen contributing maximum to foetal death in 31 (25.6%) cases followed by chorioamnionitis. Rare cases like Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) syndrome, Persistent Right Umbilical Vein (PRUV), maternal floor infarct were also reported. Conclusion: Despite many antenatal imaging advances, placental examination still remains valuable in diagnosing cause of death and growth restriction in the foetus especially recurrent causes, favouring clinical intervention in those cases.
Experiences of Physical Education Teachers on Students’ Assessment in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: No Janice G.
Published: July 2022

During the COVID-19 pandemic, schools changed the teaching-learning modality from face-to-face to online. Teachers and students were not allowed to meet inside the physical classroom but in a virtual classroom. With this change, assessments should be conducted and collected online, although physical education courses require more performance tasks. Thus, this phenomenological study aimed to explore the experiences of the Physical Education (PE) Teachers on students’ assessment at Palawan State University amidst the pandemic. The study began in January to April 2022. Colaizzi’s method was employed to transcribe and analyze the data collected from the Seven participants. PE teachers were selected through purposive sampling, two were interviewed individually, and five teachers participated in a focus group discussion. The study found that teachers encountered difficulties focusing on utilizing technology, choosing appropriate assessments, grading and feedbacking, academic dishonesty, and students’ current situation. However, these challenges positively affected the teachers by taking action to address those through continuous learning, collaborating, and considering certain conditions. Therefore, this study recommends an intervention plan to help address the encounters of the PE teachers.
“What is Knowledge that I Should Acquire It”: Towards an I-Thou
Authors: Baruwa Ikeoluwapo B. , Meroyi Samuel I.
Published: July 2022

This paper dwells on the concept of Buber's 'Ich and Du', popularly known as 'I and Thou', as it concerns knowledge production and acquisition. From Buberian parlance, 'I and Thou' can be seen in twofold, 'I-It' and 'I-Thou'. While the former emphasizes separation, the latter accentuates relation. In its original position, this paper raises questions as, what knowledge is, what lie is, what constitutes truth, how knowledge becomes different from belief, who is/are to be educated, amongst others. The paper further clarifies terms as, 'to know' and 'to learn', and critically examines the philosophical anthropology of man, essence of man and relevance of knowledge acquisition. With the realization of human advancement, this paper submits that an individual to/with individual must strive to realize one another’s potentialities and intend each another as a particular person specifically reaching out in a bipolar situation not seeing one another as mere objects but rather same as oneself.
Challenges in the Management of Childhood Cancer Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Bassey E. U. , Akpan I. A. , Nnoli C. , Akpan E. E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The burden of childhood cancer is an important child health concern globally. Several million new cases are diagnosed annually, but the greatest burden is borne by developing countries. The management of paediatric cancer patients in these settings is fraught with several challenges, which can significantly affect outcome.

Aim: To identify the various challenges in management of children with cancers in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital Uyo, Nigeria and proffer interventions which may impact positively on their long term survival and quality of life.

Methods: A three year retrospective study of children admitted with cancers was carried out at the Haemato-Oncology unit of the department of Paediatrics, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo Nigeria, from January 2019 and December 2021. The available records of their admission, treatment process, progress and outcome were reviewed.

Results: Of the thirty-eight (38) patients seen, all presented at a late stage of disease. The socio-economic class of parents were mostly low (81.6%) and all treatments were self-sponsored, with 44.7% discharging against medical advice due to financial constraints.

Conclusion: The challenges in the management of paediatric cancer patients included late presentation, late diagnosis, financial constraints/poverty, burn-out of caregivers, with a resultant high frequency of discharge against medical advice. Greater awareness about childhood cancers, increased advocacy for governmental input by way of resources, infrastructure and health insurance policies would improve outcome.
The Role of Dust Charging and Asymmetric Ion Flow on the Dust Lattice Mode in Complex Plasma
Authors: Bhattacharjee Saurav
Published: July 2022

mechanism among dust grains immersed in plasma has been reported theoretically in presence of asymmetric ion flow and dynamical charging of dust grains. The ion flow induced particle-wake interaction in addition to repulsive Yukawa type of interaction found to play a significant role in tuning the coupling strength between charged grains and hence the vibrational mode. The transition in coupling strength is obtained as a characteristic of ion flow speed and grain size. The results show a damping in strength of interaction in presence of dynamical charging of dust. The type of interaction shows a mixed phase of Wake-Yukawa in subsonic regime and highly Yukawa dominating phase in supersonic regime of ion flow. The results are significant for understanding the thermodynamic properties and the phase behavior of colloidal systems and nano-crystals.
A metrópole dos escravos. Resenha de A Vida dos Escravos no Rio de Janeiro 1808-1850, de Mary Karasch
Authors: Soares Carlos Eugênio Líbano
Published: July 2022

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An operational land cover and land cover change toolbox: processing open‐source data with open‐source software
Authors: Gatis Naomi , Carless Donna , Luscombe David J. , Brazier Richard E. , Anderson Karen
Published: July 2022

Accurate and up‐to‐date land cover maps are vital for underpinning evidence‐based landscape management decision‐making. However, the technical skills required to extract tailored information about land cover dynamics from these open‐access geospatial data often limit their use by those making landscape management decisions.

Using Dartmoor National Park as an example, we demonstrate an open‐source toolkit which uses open‐source software (QGIS and RStudio) to process freely available Sentinel‐2 and public LiDAR data sets to produce fine scale (10 m2 grain size) land cover maps.

The toolbox has been designed for use by staff within the national park, for example, enabling land cover maps to be updated as required in the future.

An area of 945 km2 was mapped using a trained random forest classifier following a classification scheme tailored to the needs of the national park.

A 2019 land cover map had an overall user's accuracy of 79%, with 13 out of 17 land cover classes achieving greater than 70% accuracy.

Spatially, accuracy was related via logistical regression to blue band surface reflectance in the spring and topographic slope derived from LiDAR (1 m resolution), with greater accuracy in steeper terrain and areas exhibiting higher blue reflectance.

Between an earlier (2017–2019) and later (2019–2021) time frame, 8% of pixels changed, most of the change by area occurred in the most common classes. However, the largest proportional increase occurred in Upland Meadows, Lowland Meadows and Blanket Bog, all habitats subject to restoration efforts. Identifying areas of change enables future field work to be better targeted.

We discuss the application of this mapping to land management within the Dartmoor national park and of the potential of tailored land cover and land cover change mapping, via this toolbox, to evidence‐based environmental decision‐making more widely.
How Does Job Insecurity and Workplace Activity Limitations Relate to Rheumatic Disease Symptom Trajectories in Young Adulthood? A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Jetha Arif , Tucker Lori , Shahidi Faraz Vahid , Backman Catherine , Kristman Vicki L. , Hazel Elizabeth M. , Perlin Louise , Proulx Laurie , Chen Cynthia , Gignac Monique A. M.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Workplace and labor market conditions are associated with the health of the working population. A longitudinal study was conducted among young adults with rheumatic disease to examine workplace activity limitations and job insecurity and their relationship with disease symptom trajectories.

Methods

Three online surveys were administered to young adults with rheumatic disease over 27 months. Self‐reported data on pain, fatigue, and disease activity were collected. Workplace activity limitations and job insecurity were measured. Group‐based discrete mixture models determined pain, fatigue, and disease activity trajectory groups. Robust Poisson regression models were fitted to examine the relationship among workplace activity limitations, job insecurity, and trajectory group membership.

Results

In total, 124 participants (mean ± SD age 29 ± 4.5 years) with rheumatic disease were recruited. At baseline, participants reported considerable workplace activity limitations (10.35 ± 5.8), and 36% of participants indicated experiencing job insecurity. We identified 2 latent rheumatic disease symptom trajectory groups. The first group had high persistent pain, fatigue, or disease activity; the second group had low persistent disease symptoms over time. Greater workplace activity limitations were associated with an increased relative risk (RR) of being in the high persistent severe pain (RR 1.02 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01, 1.03]), fatigue (RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.03]), and disease activity trajectory groups (RR 1.02 [95% CI 1.01, 1.03]). Job insecurity was associated with an increased RR of membership in the high persistent pain (RR 1.14 [95% CI 1.04, 1.25]) and disease activity trajectory groups (RR 1.11 [95% CI 1.00, 1.22]).

Conclusion

Workplace activity limitations and job insecurity represent working conditions that are associated with the health of young adults with rheumatic disease and should be examined as potential targets for intervention.
Controlling Malleability of Metamaterials through Programmable Memory
Authors: Wenz Franziska , Schönfeld Dennis , Fischer Sarah C. L. , Pretsch Thorsten , Eberl Christoph
Published: July 2022

Malleability, the ability to adapt materials to specific shapes, is necessary in applications where a form closure is requested. The material should be easily deformable between desired stable shapes. Such stability can be obtained through bistable elements that act as memory in metamaterials. Herein, a material with memory behavior programmed by the local temperature is presented. The behavior can be switched between a permanent shape change and a complete elastic recovery after removing an applied mechanical load. Additionally, a deformed material can be forced to recover its shape by heating. Through an adaption of the mesostructure and the used polymers, the characteristic behavior (switching time and temperature) can be adjusted. Furthermore, heating can be applied locally that only certain parts are able to change. A unit cell design based on analytical and numerical analyses is demonstrated that considers not only the mesostructure but also the combination of polymeric materials with specific thermoresponsive mechanical behavior. Unit cells and structures of several cells are additively manufactured to validate the programmable behavior. The concept is extended to indirect heating with an alternating magnetic field, using a compound made from a polymeric material and magnetic particles.
Lipid‐Polymer Hybrid “Particle‐in‐Particle” Nanostructure Gene Delivery Platform Explored for Lyophilizable DNA and mRNA COVID‐19 Vaccines
Authors: Li Zhongyu , Zhang Xue‐Qing , Ho William , Bai Xin , Jaijyan Dabbu Kumar , Li Fengqiao , Kumar Ranjeet , Kolloli Afsal , Subbian Selvakumar , Zhu Hua , Xu Xiaoyang
Published: July 2022

SARS‐CoV‐2 has led to a worldwide pandemic, catastrophically impacting public health and the global economy. Herein, a new class of lipid‐modified polymer poly (β‐amino esters) (L‐PBAEs) is developed via enzyme‐catalyzed esterification and further formulation of the L‐PBAEs with poly(d,l‐lactide‐coglycolide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA‐PEG) leads to self‐assembly into a “particle‐in‐particle” (PNP) nanostructure for gene delivery. Out of 24 PNP candidates, the top‐performing PNP/C12‐PBAE nanoparticles efficiently deliver both DNA and mRNA in vitro and in vivo, presenting enhanced transfection efficacy, sustained gene release behavior, and excellent stability for at least 12 months of storage at −20 °C after lyophilization without loss of transfection efficacy. Encapsulated with spike encoded plasmid DNA and mRNA, the lipid‐modified polymeric PNP COVID‐19 vaccines successfully elicit spike‐specific antibodies and Th1‐biased T cell immune responses in immunized mice even after 12 months of lyophilized storage at −20 °C. This newly developed lipid‐polymer hybrid PNP nanoparticle system demonstrates a new strategy for both plasmid DNA and mRNA delivery with the capability of long‐term lyophilized storage.
Cell‐Laden Gradient Microgel Suspensions for Spatial Control of Differentiation During Biofabrication
Authors: Molley Thomas G. , Hung Tzong‐tyng , Kilian Kristopher A.
Published: July 2022

During tissue development, stem and progenitor cells form functional tissue with high cellular diversity and intricate micro‐ and macro‐architecture. Current approaches have attempted to replicate this process with materials cues or through spontaneous cell self‐organization. However, cell‐directed and materials‐directed organization are required simultaneously to achieve biomimetic structure and function. Here, it is shown how integrating live adipose derived stem cells with gradient microgel suspensions steers divergent differentiation outcomes. Microgel matrices composed of small particles are found to promote adipogenic differentiation, while larger particles fostered increased cell spreading and osteogenic differentiation. Tuning the matrix formulation demonstrates that early cell adhesion and spreading dictate differentiation outcome. Combining small and large microgels into gradients spatially directs proliferation and differentiation over time. After 21 days of culture, osteogenic conditions foster significant mineralization within the individual microgels, thereby providing cell‐directed changes in composition and mechanics within the gradient porous scaffold. Freeform printing of high‐density cell suspensions is performed across these gradients to demonstrate the potential for hierarchical tissue biofabrication. Interstitial porosity influences cell expansion from the print and microgel size guides spatial differentiation, thereby providing scope to fabricate tissue gradients at multiple scales through integrated and printed cell populations.
Optimal Composition of Li Argyrodite with Harmonious Conductivity and Chemical/Electrochemical Stability: Fine‐Tuned Via Tandem Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Shim Sunggeun , Park Woon Bae , Han Jungmin , Lee Jinhyeok , Lee Byung Do , Lee Jin‐Woong , Seo Jung Yong , Prabakar S. J. Richard , Han Su Cheol , Singh Satendra Pal , Hwang Chan‐Cuk , Ahn Docheon , Han Sangil , Park Kyusung , Sohn Kee‐Sun , Pyo Myoungho
Published: July 2022

A tandem (two‐step) particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is implemented in the argyrodite‐based multidimensional composition space for the discovery of an optimal argyrodite composition, i.e., with the highest ionic conductivity (7.78 mS cm−1). To enhance the industrial adaptability, an elaborate pellet preparation procedure is not used. The optimal composition (Li5.5PS4.5Cl0.89Br0.61) is fine‐tuned to enhance its practical viability by incorporating oxygen in a stepwise manner. The final composition (Li5.5PS4.23O0.27Cl0.89Br0.61), which exhibits an ionic conductivity (σion) of 6.70 mS cm−1 and an activation barrier of 0.27 eV, is further characterized by analyzing both its moisture and electrochemical stability. Relative to the other compositions, the exposure of Li5.5PS4.23O0.27Cl0.89Br0.61 to a humid atmosphere results in the least amount of H2S released and a negligible change in structure. The improvement in the interfacial stability between the Li(Ni0.9Co0.05Mn0.05)O2 cathode and Li5.5PS4.23O0.27Cl0.89Br0.61 also results in greater specific capacity during fast charge/discharge. The structural and chemical features of Li5.5PS4.5Cl0.89Br0.61 and Li5.5PS4.23O0.27Cl0.89Br0.61 argyrodites are characterized using synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This work presents a novel argyrodite composition with favorably balanced properties while providing broad insights into material discovery methodologies with applications for battery development.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Exploration of Bending Flexoelectricity in Novel 2D Van der Waals Bilayers
Authors: Javvaji Brahmanandam , Zhuang Xiaoying , Rabczuk Timon , Mortazavi Bohayra
Published: July 2022

Accurate examination of electricity generation stemming from higher‐order deformation (flexoelectricity) in 2D layered materials is a highly challenging task to be investigated with either conventional computational or experimental tools. To address this challenge herein an innovative and computationally efficient approach on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) and machine‐learning interatomic potentials (MLIPs) with incorporated long‐range interactions to accurately investigate the flexoelectric energy conversion in 2D van der Waals (vdW) bilayers is proposed. In this approach, short‐range interactions are accurately defined using the moment tensor potentials trained over computationally inexpensive DFT‐based datasets. The long‐range electrostatic (charge and dipole) and vdW interaction parameters are calibrated from DFT simulations. Elaborated comparison of mechanical and piezoelectric properties extracted from the herein proposed approach with available data confirms the accuracy of the devised computational strategy. It is shown that the bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides can show a flexoelectric coefficient 2–7 times larger than their monolayer counterparts. Noticeably, this enhancement reaches up to 20 times for Janus diamane and fluorinated boron‐nitrogen derivatives of diamane bilayers. The presented results improve the understanding of the flexoelectric effect in vdW heterostructures and moreover the proposed MLIP‐based methodology offers a robust tool to improve the design of novel energy harvesting devices.
Magnetic Frustration Effect on the Rate Performance of LiNi0.6Co0.4−xMnxO2 Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ye Tao , Li Zhimin , Yan Honglin , Ha Yuan , Zhang Dongyan , Zhou Chaoyi , Wang Lijuan , Li Lu , Xiang Qianxin
Published: July 2022

Cobalt‐free LiNixMn1−xO2 (NM, x ≥ 0.5) layered oxides are considered to be promising cathode materials for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries because of exceptionally high capacity and low cost, yet the fundamental role of manganese ions in the NM layered structure and rate performance has not been fully addressed to date. Herein, a series of Ni‐fixed LiNi0.6Co0.4−xMnxO2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) systems are employed as cathode materials to investigate the functionality of Mn ions on their structures and electrochemical properties. It is found that contrary to prior reports, the change in the c‐axis lattice parameter is not in close connection with the rate performance of NM cathodes. In particular, superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements are performed to verify the fact that Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions with high spin states cause severe magnetic frustration in the structures of cathode materials, which profoundly aggravates the Li/Ni ionic disorder and blocks Li+ migration, contributing to inferior rate performance. In addition, Li+ migration hindered by Li/Ni disorder, is theoretically demonstrated by ab initio calculation. This work not only provides fresh insight into the role of Mn in NM layered oxide cathodes but also proposes an effective strategy to resolve their inferior rate performance.
Engineering an Insoluble Cathode Electrolyte Interphase Enabling High Performance NCM811//Graphite Pouch Cell at 60 °C
Authors: Chen Yuqing , He Qiu , Mo Ying , Zhou Wang , Zhao Yun , Piao Nan , Liu Chi , Xiao Peitao , Liu Hui , Li Baohua , Chen Shi , Wang Li , He Xiangming , Xing Lidan , Liu Jilei
Published: July 2022

High‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) can be realized with the use of nickel‐rich materials, however, their reversible operation requires long‐term cathode‐electrolyte interfacial (CEI) stability, especially for high‐temperature applications, but how the CEIs evolves during operation is still a mystery. The unstable CEIs have been recently ascribed to them generating/disappearing/regenerating during Li+ extraction/insertion by in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy spectrum. Herein, a strategy of insoluble CEI is proposed toward addressing the interfacially induced deterioration of cathodes with a focus on Ni‐rich layered oxides. Incorporating unsaturated units (CC/CC) to siloxane as electrolyte additives advances the commercial LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/graphite cells up to around 300 cycles at 60 °C with more than 85% capacity retention, along with the LiCoO2 cells reaching ≈90% capacity retention over 350 cycles under 80 °C. The experimentally and theoretically detailed investigation shows that the higher unsaturation bond with high reactive sites show more polymerization via a 3D topological pathway to form insoluble CEI species, leading to suppression of parasitic reactions, corrosive acid, transition‐metal dissolution, stress corrosive cracking, and impedance growth. The scientific discoveries of this study highlight the pivotal role of electrode–electrolyte interactions and recapitulates the tried‐and‐true “electrolyte” approach for the future development of high‐energy batteries under extreme temperature conditions.
Cobalt Quaterpyridine Complexes for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous CO2 Reduction in Aqueous Media
Authors: Sun Libo , Reddu Vikas , Xi Shibo , Dai Chencheng , Sheng Yuan , Su Tan , Fisher Adrian C. , Wang Xin
Published: July 2022

Ligands play a critical role in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) based on heterogeneous molecular catalysts. Previous research on heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysis has mainly dealt with N4 ligands with pyrrole as subunits (porphyrin, phthalocyanine, etc.), while ligands constructed from pyridine subunits remain uncommon. The examples for comparing active configurations are few and far between. Herein, the development of new N4 cobalt complexes based on pyridine subunits is explored. After anchoring onto carbon nanotubes, they can exhibit CO2RR activity at a low overpotential of 140 mV, and high activity from ‐0.30 to ‐0.60 V versus reference hydrogen electrode with a selectivity of above 98%. Excellent performance at large current densities can also be observed in a flow cell. In situ attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proves that such electrocatalysts exhibit CO production at lower overpotential and moderate CO adsorption ability over a wide potential range. From density functional theory calculations, it is shown that a pyridine‐based cobalt complex on a carbon substrate can reduce the Gibbs free energy for reactions further than its counterpart pyrrole‐based ones. Further analysis proves that the semimetal behavior of optimized d‐orbitals may facilitate charge transfer and increase the activity. This provides a new insight for understanding catalytically active moieties in heterogeneous molecular catalysts with ligands constructed from pyridine subunits.
Governing for quality and safety: A new province for boards of Australian aged care and disability support providers?
Authors: Hough Alan , McGregor‐Lowndes Myles
Published: July 2022

The Australian Royal Commissions on aged care quality and safety, and on violence, abuse, neglect and exploitation of people with disability, have raised important questions about the degree to which boards of directors of aged care and disability support providers are assuring that the organisations they govern are providing quality and safe services. This article addresses the question of to what extent changes in legislation and regulatory standards in aged care and disability create new expectations of these boards and directors. Although directors have long been held to have a duty of care and diligence, and to have responsibility for determining and monitoring an organisation's services, these expectations have been elevated to a new level in relation to quality and safety.