bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eigenschaften des Coenzymmodells Nicotinamid- 3-desazapurin-dinucleotid
Authors: Woenckhaus C. , Zumpe P.
Published: February 2015

Nicotinamid-3-desazapurindinucleotid * wurde aus den Teilstücken Nicotinamidmononucleotid und 3-Desazapurinribosid-5'-phosphat durch Kondensation mit Dicyclohexylcarbodiimid in wäßrigem Pyridin hergestellt1. Das Coenzymmodell war im enzymatischen Test mit verschiedenen Dehydrogenasen ebenso wirksam wie Nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotid. Für die Funktion der Wasserstoffübertragung scheint der Stickstoff N 1 im Purinring von Bedeutung zu sein. Auffällig ist, daß die pK-Werte nichtfunktioneller Mononucleotidteile bei Coenzymmodellen, die Nicotinamid-adenin-dinucleotid im enzymatischen Test ersetzen können, über dem Wert 4 liegen. Das optische Verhalten des Coenzymmodells Nicotinamid-3-desazapurin-dinucleotid ähnelt dagegen nichtpurinhaltigen Coenzymmodellen, die sich bisher alle durch eine geringere Coenzymwirksamkeit auszeichneten. Eine schwächere intramolekulare Wechselwirkung zwischen den Heterocyclen zeichnete sich durch die Verschiebung des Dihydronicotinamid-Absorptionsmaximums in dem kurzwelligen Teil des Spektrums aus. Aus den geringeren intramolekularen Wechselwirkungen lassen sich jedoch keine Rückschlüsse auf die enzymatische Wirksamkeit ziehen. Alle nichtpurinhaltigen hydrierten Coenzymmodelle zeigen keine Änderung der Fluoreszenz nach Enzymzugabe.
Zur Kenntnis der Quellung von Kollagen in Alkanolen
Authors: Nemetschek Th.
Published: February 2015

The swelling of collagen in alcanols is described.

The n-alcanolmolecules are deposited between the protofibrillayers in orderly fashion. The changes of the equatorial reflexes indicate a strong relation between the spaces of protofibrils and the length of alcanol-chains.

The equatorial spacings can be distinguished over the limit of 15 A, measured in swelling by water.
Zur radiationschemischen Bildung von Aminosäuren durch Carboxylierung und Aminierung
Authors: Dose Klaus , Risi Sergio
Published: February 2015

The formation of aliphatic α-amino acids by X-ray induced carboxylation of simple amines or amination of simple carboxylic acids is not favored over the formation of other amino acids. The new carboxylic and amino groups are more or less distributed statistically over the carbon atoms of the starting material. On radiationchemical formation of aliphatic hydrocarbons over C3, therefore, an increasing amount of unusual amino acids is produced. The results are influenced by various parameters such as temperature, pH, concentration, linear energy transfer and total dosis of radiation applied. Also peptides can be formed radiationchemically. However, the formation of greater molecules by radiationchemical processes under the conditions of a primitive earth seems to have only a low probability. The reaction mechanisms of radiationchemical carboxylation and amination are discussed.
Metal Ion Complexes of p-Toluenesulfonyl Amino Acids: I: p-Toluenesulfonyl Glycine
Authors: Reyes Joseph M. , Frye Herschel
Published: February 2015

The methods of polarographic analysis have been applied to the study of dilute aqueous solutions of various divalent transition metal cations coordinated to p-toluenesulfonyl glycine. Metal cations used were cadmium (II), copper (II), lead (II), mercury (II), manganese (II) and zinc (II). Six new and previously unreported compounds were prepared and studied polarographically, and their dissociation constants and coordination numbers are herein reported. Free energies of formations are also given for several of the complexes. In general, these data agree with similar data in the literature for the complexes of glycine itself.
Zum Verhalten 5-Ring-N-heterocyclischer Spiropyrane
Authors: Schiele C. , Arnold G.
Published: February 2015

IR- und UV/VIS-spektroskopische Untersuchungen an höher anellierten Trimethylindolinopyranen und substituierten Trimethylindolinobenzopyranen führten zu erweiterten Kenntnissen bezüglich des Verhaltens solcher 5-Ring-N-heterocyclischer Systeme. Aus den IR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen ging dabei hervor, daß alle bei den hier untersuchten Systemen zu beobachtenden Absorptionen durch die in Diagramm 1 skizzierten Strukturen wesentlich differenzierter beschrieben werden können als es für ein nichtprotoniertes System aus der üblichen hybriden Formulierung heraus möglich ist. Als Normalverhalten solcher Systeme beim Auftreten farbiger Formen ist die bereits von DILTHEY et al.19, 20 formulierte ionoide Dissoziation anzusehen. Das Auftreten chinoider Strukturen entspricht dagegen nicht dem Normalverhalten.
Hydrolyse von Ν-α-Benzoyl-L-arginin-äthylester durch Papain
Authors: Talsky Gerhard , Maris Johann
Published: February 2015

Die pH-Profile der Hydrolyse von N-α-Benzoyl-L-arginin-äthylester durch kristallisiertes sowie zusätzlich chromatographisch gereinigtes Papain wurden zwischen 20 und 45 °C ermittelt. Das anomale Temperaturverhalten, welches sich im Auftreten eines Kurvenzuges anstelle einer Geraden im Arrhenius- Diagramm ausdrückte, tritt auch dann auf, wenn die Reaktion im pH-Optimum der jeweiligen Temperatur abläuft. Die mittleren experimentellen Aktivierungsenergien werden angegeben und die Anomalien diskutiert.
Nachweis der Zucker in den Thylakoiden von Rhodospirillum rubrum und Rhodopseudomonas viridis
Authors: Drews G.
Published: February 2015

The thylakoids (chromatophores) of the sulfur-free purple bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum contain 30% lipids soluble in methanol-chloroform, 46% protein, and 14% carbohydrates. 90% of the total sugar content was glucose, 4% fucose, 5% rhamnose. In the thylakoids of Rhodopseudomonas viridis 3,3% sugar was demonstrable (50% glucose, 17% galactose, 15% rhamnose and 17% mannose). 2-keto-3-desoxy-octonate is a structure component in both organisms. After treatment of thylakoids with phenol/water, the main sugar fraction was in the water phase, although in both organisms 3 to 4% of the protein fraction in the phenol phase consists of sugar.
Studien zur percutanen Resorption von 32P-markiertem DDVP am Rind
Authors: Dedek Wolfgang , Schwarz Heinz , Grahl Rolf
Published: February 2015

Die percutane Resorption von 32P-markiertem DDVP hoher spezifischer Aktivität aus Lösungen unterschiedlicher Viskosität in Paraffinöl wurde am Rind untersucht (Pour on-Applikation). Im Blut werden kurzzeitig maximale Konzentrationen von 0,3 ppm erreicht, in der Milch sind nach 6—8 h nur noch 0,005 ppm DDVP nachweisbar. Nicht mehr als 3% der applizierten Menge an DDVP (50—70 mg pro Tier) verdampfen innerhalb 24 Stunden.
Über die Radikalkonzentration von Rattenleber-Mitochondrien in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Faktoren
Authors: Waldschmidt M. , Mönig H. , Schole J.
Published: February 2015

The concentration of free radicals in freshly prepared ratliver-mitochondria was investigated under different conditions with the aid of electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The electron spin resonance signal at g=2.004 was measured at 77 °K and related to the weight in milligrams of mitochondrial protein. The concentration of free radicals increases with rising body weight or, in other words, with decreasing growth rate of the animals. A plateau is reached with about 1013 radicalcenters per mg protein for grown animals. The concentration of free radicals is 150% of the control value after fasting for 24 hours, whereas it is below the detectable level in cells of ascites hepatoma. We conclude that the concentration of free radicals determined at g = 2.004 is a function of mitochondrial activity. After whole body x-irradiation with a dose of 900 R, a significant decrease of 20% of the signal amplitude was measured. Increasing the dose to 1800 R did not decrease the radical concentration further. These results might be connected with the diminished activity of some flavin enzymes observed in liver mitochondria after x-irradiation in vivo. In further experiments we have incubated the mitochondria in vitro with various inhibitors of flavin enzymes. The individual inhibitors (ammonium-ions, KCN, acetonitrile, glucose) and also malonate reduce the concentration of free radicals to 80% of the control value in the mean if the particles are incubated at 37 °C for 5 minutes. The effect of malonate adds to the effects of the other inhibitors. The inhibitory effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol develops only after a longer incubation time. These results are discussed in connection with the influence of the same inhibitors on the Pasteureffect of yeast cells. Some specific inhibitors of the respiratory chain (Amytal, antimycin A, oligomycin) also diminish the concentration of free radicals.
The epicuticle of millipedes belonging to the genera Cingalobolus and Aulacobolus with special reference to seasonal variations
Authors: Rajulu G. Sundara , Krishnan G.
Published: February 2015

The diplopods Cingalobolus bugnioni and Aulacobolus excellens possess an epicuticle formed of lipoproteins. But unlike in insect cuticles, the epicuticle lacks an outer lipid layer. The epicuticle is found only in the animals collected in summer months. At the commencement of the rainy season the new cuticle that is formed following moulting is without an epicuticle. The periodical presence of the epicuticle is of ecological significance. A study of the transpiration rates using animals with and without an epicuticle showed that in the former evaporation of water through the cuticle was much less than in the latter. It is suggested that the presence of an epicuticle during summer season is of adaptive value in that the restricted permeability properties of the epicuticle enable the animals to conserve their water resources. In the rainy season when there is plentiful supply of water in the environment the animals are without an epicuticle as there is no necessity to restrict water loss. The periodical absence of the epicuticle has been discussed in the light of previous reports on the cuticular organization of millipedes.
49. M itteilung über Flechteninhaltsstoffe
Authors: Huneck Siegfried , Follmann Gerhard , Santesson Johan
Published: February 2015

Ramalina subdecipiens STEIN. von den Kanarischen Inseln enthält als sekundäre Inhaltsstoffe neben (+) -Usninsäure und Salazinsäure das neue Depsid 4-O-Desmethylbarbatinsäure, dessen Struktur aus massen- und NMR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen sowie der Hydrolyse zu β-Orcin-carbonsäure folgt.
Zur Wirkung von Röntgenstrahlen auf Nucleinsäure-Fraktionen aus Datura-Gewebe
Authors: Rohde H.-G. , Brucker W.
Published: February 2015

Crown-gall-Gewebe von Datura innoxia wurde mit subletalen Röntgendosen (2 und 3 kR, DL 206 R/min, 20 mA, 200 kV, Focusabstand 50 cm) bestrahlt und der Einfluß der Bestrahlung auf den 32P-Einbau (4 Stdn. Inkubationszeit) in folgende, mittels MAK-Chromatographie aufgetrennte Nucleinsäurefraktionen untersucht: sRNA, DNA, rRNA und mRNA. Neben teilweisem Abbau der hochmolekularen RNA wird der 32P-Gehalt der Nucleinsäuren erniedrigt. Nach Einwirkung von 2 kR ist vorwiegend mRNA betroffen, während 3 kR den 32P-Einbau in alle Fraktionen hemmen. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit der einschlägigen Literatur diskutiert.
Infrarot-Spektren und Struktur einiger Trifluormethyl-Element-Derivate des Mangancarbonyls
Authors: Grobe J. , Sheppard N.
Published: February 2015

Infra-red data in the CO stretching region are recorded for a series of complexes having the formulae Mn2(CO)8E(CF3)2X [E = P, X = Cl, Br, I, SCF3, SeCF3, P(CF3)2, SCH3, P(CH3)2; E = As, X = I, SCF3, SeCF3] and Mn2(CO)8(ECF3)2 (E = S, Se). The spectra support the structural formula deduced from chemical and n.m.r. investigations. Considerations of frequency changes and intensities of the bands enable the four series observed to be assigned in pairs to the vibrations of CO groups that are coplanar with the bridge bonds, and those which are oriented perpendicular to this plane. Informations about the ligand properties of the bridging groups are obtained from the spectra.
Free Radical Chemistry of White Phosphorus: γ-Irradiation of P4 in Bromoform
Authors: Airey P. , Drawe H. , Henglein A.
Published: February 2015

CHBr2PBr2 and (CHBr2)2PBr are formed in high yields and in preparatively useful amounts when solutions of white phosphorus in bromoform are exposed to γ-radiation. In the first stages of irradiation, a red phosphorus containing many groups from the solvent is the only reaction product. About 1000 molecules of P4 are consumed per 100 eV of energy absorbed. In the later stages of irradiation, free radicals from the solvent attack this red phosphorus and lead to the formation of bromophosphines in high yield. Chain reactions are formulated for the formation of both the red phosphorus and the bromophosphines.
Absorption and Fluorescence Properties of Some Basic Dyes Complexing with Nucleosides or Nucleic Acids
Authors: Tomita Giiti
Published: February 2015

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of some basic dyes were measured in the presence of large excess of adenosine or nucleic acids. The visible absorption band of dye shifts to longer wavelengths than that in free dye solution. The fluorescence spectral shape and peak position remain unchanged on the addition of nucleoside or nucleic acid, while the fluorescence intensity is enhanced or quenched to some extent depending on the nature of dyes. These results give us some information about the binding nature of basic dyes to nucleosides or nucleic acids.
Indole zum Vergleich mit Amanita-Giften, VI Hydroxylierung von Tryptophan und Tryptophylpeptiden
Authors: Pfaender Peter , Feige Gerfried , Wieland Theodor
Published: February 2015

Im System Fe2⊕, Äthylendiamintetraacetat, Ascorbat und Luftsauerstoff gelingt die Hydroxylierung von Tryptophan, Tryptophyl-glycin, Tryptophyl-glycyl-isoleucyl-glycin und Phalloidin, wobei verschiedene Stellen des Indolrings verschieden stark betroffen werden. Produkte einer 2-, 5-, 6- und 2.6-Hydroxylierung konnten spektroskopisch und papierchromatographisch nachgewiesen werden. Bei den Peptiden gewann die Hydroxylierung des Benzolteils des Tryptophans die Überhand. Vom Phalloidin wurde nur die Bildung eines phenolartigen Produkts, vergleichbar mit Amanitin, festgestellt, wobei über die Stellung der neu eingeführten Hydroxylgruppe keine Aussage gemacht werden kann.
Flash Photolysis of Thiopyronine
Authors: Morita Masaharu , Kato Shunji
Published: February 2015

Flash photolytic investigation of photosensitizing dye “thiopyronine” was undertaken with and without redox substrates.

Flash excitation of thiopyronine deaerated buffered solution without any substrate produced three transient intermediates; triplet state (Dt), half-oxidized form (Oxd) and half-reduced form or semiquinone (Red) of the dye. Red and Oxd were generated through the electron transfer reactions, Dt - Dt and Dt-D (D is a dye molecule in the ground state).

Absorption spectra of these intermediates were identified and their reaction mechanisms were established.

The high efficiency of this dye in the photodynamic effect was discussed in connection with the high quantum yield of triplet state production and photochemical redox reversibility of the dye.
Amylase Activity during Germination of γ-Irradiated Castor Seeds
Authors: Thanki R. J. , Patel K. C. , Patel R. D.
Published: February 2015

Amylase activity was not detected in the resting seeds. The amylase activity is newly formed during germination of the control and the irradiated seeds. The activity is greatly affected by the γ-irradiation. The high proportion of amylase in the control seedlings may be the result of the more active metabolic state of the seedlings. Irradiation is reported to interfere with the function of mitochondria. Ascorbic acid is found to inhibit the activity. Free amino acid cystine also play a role in the liberation of the amylase activity. Starch is utilized as one of the metabolites during germination.
Primary Inducible Fluorescence in Secretory Granules of Tumor Cells Supravitally Stained by a Toluidine Blue Dye
Authors: Bastos A. L. , Marques Dante V. , Da Silva J. Filipe , Nunes J. B. Moura , Correia A. Dias , Vigário J. D. , Terrinha A. M.
Published: February 2015

In a toluidine blue dye (British Drug Houses, batch no. 651880), we report a purple chromatographic fraction (Rf-0,55) with a spectral absorption peak at 622 mμ, which has the property to induce immediate bright yellow fluorescence (primary inducible fluorescence) in cytoplasmic granules of tumor cells. The cells are unfixed, supravital stained and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The mean number of fluorescent granules per tumor cell was 36, ranging from 19 to 64 (50 cells).

The effect of ultraviolet illumination on cells with fluorescent reaction is described, with reference to the shift of colour emission in the cytoplasmic bodies. These granules are Sudan Black and Oil Red positive, and become black after fixed cells are treated by osmium tetroxid. Actively growing cells accumulate basic dyes in lysosomes, and on this evidence, we base our belief that the granules of tumor cells with positive fluorescent reaction to this toluidine blue contain lipids, probably unsaturated fatty acids, are of secretory nature and might be derived from primary lysosomes.
4. Mitt.: Über den Einfluß von Äthioniamid auf den endogenen Stoffwechsel von Myc. smegm.
Authors: Reutgen H. , Iwainsky H.
Published: February 2015

Die Wirkungsweise von Äthioniamid auf Myc. smegm. wird mit Hilfe von 32P unter Bedingungen der endogenen Atmung untersucht.

Folgende methodische Veränderungen erweisen sich als vorteilhaft: Auflösung des Gesamtablaufes in einzelne, zeitlich stark verkürzte Markierungsphasen, Erfassung der Polyphosphatfraktion, simultan durchgeführte Ionenaustauschchromatographie der säurelöslichen Fraktion.

Als erste erfaßbare Wirkung des Äthioniamides ergibt sich eine Stimulierung des 32P-Einbaues in die säurelösliche Fraktion.

Gleichzeitig ist eine Hemmung des 32P-Überganges in die Polyphosphat- und in die RNS-Fraktion festzustellen.

In die Lipide und in die DNS-Fraktion werden unter den Versuchsbedingungen nur geringe Mengen eingebaut. Ein deutlicher Einfluß des Äthioniamides ist nicht zu erkennen.

Wird der Gesamt-32P-Einbau berücksichtigt, dann bewirkt Äthioniamid eine Blockierung des sonst erfolgenden 32P-Einbaues in die Polyphosphat-Fraktion.

Neben anderen Veränderungen wird bei der Ionenaustauschchromatographie der säurelöslichen Fraktion eine erniedrigte AMP- und eine erhöhte ADP- bzw. ATP-Konzentration festgestellt. Als primärer Angriffspunkt wird daher eine Störung des ATP-Stoffwechsels diskutiert.
Über den nucleophilen Abbau von Aryltrisulfanen mit Triphenylphosphin
Authors: Fehér F. , Kurz D.
Published: February 2015

An Hand des nucleophilen Abbaues p-substituierter, symmetrischer Aryltrisulfane mit Triphenylphosphin zu den entsprechenden Disulfan-Derivaten und Triphenylphosphinsulfid konnte gezeigt werden, daß Elektronendonatoren als endständige Gruppen die Stabilität einer Schwefelkette gegenüber nucleophilen Agenzien erhöhen, während Elektronenacceptoren die Schwefelkette aktivieren.
Neue Pulvinsäure-Derivate aus Xerocomus cbrysenteron (Bull, ex St. Amans) Quél, und Untersuchungen zur Frage des Vorkommens von Anthrachinonpigmenten bei Boletaceen
Authors: Steglich Wolfgang , Furtner Willibald , Prox Axel
Published: February 2015

Die sich an der Luft in Gegenwart von Oxydasen blau verfärbenden Pigmente von Boletus erythropus, B. calopus und Xerocomus chrysenteron gehören nicht dem Anthrachinon- 1, sondern dem Pulvinsäuretyp an. In allen Fällen ist Variegatsäure 2 4 die Hauptkomponente, daneben kommen ein neues blauendes Pigment, Xerocomsäure, und in X. chrysenteron noch Spuren von Atromentinsäure und einer Chlor-xerocomsäure vor. Die für Xerocomsäure massenspektrometrisch abgeleitete Struktur einer 3.4.4′-Trihydroxy-pulvinsäure (3 a bzw. 3 b) wird synthetisch bewiesen. 1.2.4-Trihydroxy-anthrachinon-5-(oder 8) -carbonsäure (1 a oder 1 b) zeigt im Gegensatz zu den Angaben von KÖGL und DEIJS 1 mit Oxydasen keine Blaufärbung, so daß sie als blauendes Prinzip der Boletaceen aus der Literatur zu streichen ist. Die Struktur der blauen Oxydationsprodukte wird diskutiert.
Dialysierte Chlorella, ein neues Versuchsmaterial zur Untersuchung der Photosynthese
Authors: Warburg Otto , Krippahl Günter , Lehmann Arnold
Published: February 2015

Als neues Versuchsmaterial der Photosynthese wird dialysierte Chlorella beschrieben. Mit Hilfe der dialysierten Chlorella wurden zwei bisher unbekannte stöchiometrische Lichtreaktionen entdeckt, die Abspaltung von Kohlensäure aus der aeroben Kohlensäure, sowie die Umwandlung der aeroben Kohlensäuren in den Photolyten.
Vergleichende Untersuchung des Verlustes von Glucose-6-Phosphatase und serologischer Spezifität in Leberzellen der Ratte während der beginnenden Cancerogenese
Authors: Börner P.
Published: February 2015

Die in frühen Stadien der Cancerogenese in der Rattenleber auftretenden charakteristischen Gewebeinseln mit vermindertem Gehalt an leberspezifischem Antigen und die umschriebenen Verluste von Glucose-6-Phosphatase werden miteinander verglichen. Enzymverlust und Antigenschwund treten zwar oft zusammen auf, sind aber von einander unabhängige Vorgänge.
Enzymhistochemische Untersuchungen der Adenosin-Triphosphatase, der alkalischen und sauren Phosphatase sowie der Succinodehydrogenase im Leberparenchym der Ratte während der Einwirkung des Cancerogens Diäthylnitrosamin
Authors: Borner P. , Gössner W.
Published: February 2015

Der Einfluß von Diäthylnitrosamin in cancerogenen Dosen auf die Adenosin-Triphosphatase. alkalische und saure Phosphatase sowie die Succinodehydrogenase der Rattenleberzelle wird mit enzymhistochemischen Methoden untersucht. Diese Enzyme wurden ausgewählt, da sie an charakteristische Strukturen der Leberzelle gebunden sind.

DANA führt zu folgenden enzymhistochemischen Veränderungen im Leberparenchym: Schwund der ATPase aus umschriebenen Bereichen des Parenchyms. Aufhebung der peribiliären Anordnung der durch ihren Gehalt an saurer Phosphatase dargestellten Lysosomen. Diffuse Verteilung der Lysosomen im Cytoplasma der Leberzelle. In späteren Phasen der Cancerogenese wird die peribiliäre Anordnung der Lysosomen teilweise wiederhergestellt. Allmähliche Herabsetzung der Aktivität des Mitochondrienenzymes Succinodehydrogenase in ausgedehnten Parenchymbezirken. Auftreten von alkalischer Phosphatase in der Wand einzelner Leberzellen in späten Phasen der Cancerogenese.

Die Bereiche des Leberparenchyms, in denen es zum Schwund der ATPase der Gallenkapillaren und zu Veränderungen in der Anordnung der Lysosomen kommt, weisen jeweils auch einen Verlust der Glucose-6-Phosphatase auf.
Carotinoide der Commelinacee Palisota barteri — ein neues β-Citraurin-Vorkommen
Authors: Egger Kurt , Kleinig-Voigt Hella
Published: February 2015

The deep red colour of the fruits of Palisota barteri results from a high content of Carotenoids. The main pigment now has been identified as β-Citraurin. It is esterified with the saturated fatty acids from C4, C6 ... up to C18. The main fatty acid is lauric acid. Minor pigments are Zeaxanthin and Cryptoxanthin, both esterified in the same manner as β-Citraurin, and β-Apo-8′-carotinal, β- and ξ-Carotin and a very small amount of Lycopin.
Über Metalltrifluorphosphin-Komplexe XXII. Substitutions-Reaktionen von Tetrakis(trifluorphosphin)-nickel(O) mit Donatorverbindungen von Elementen der 5. Hauptgruppe
Authors: Kruck Th. , Baur K. , Glinka K. , Stadler M.
Published: February 2015

Bei Umsetzungen von Tetrakis (trifluorphosphin) -nickel (O) mit N-Donatoren können nur mit zweizähligen Stickstoffliganden (L2 = 2.2′-Dipyridyl, 1.10-Phenanthrolin) isolierbare Derivate erhalten werden, nämlich die kristallinen, orangeroten und in Lösung instabilen Disubstitutionsprodukte Ni (PF3) 2L2. Hingegen gelangt man mit den einzähligen Donatoren E (C6H5)3 (E = P, As, Sb) zu farblosen und auch in Lösung stabilen, kristallinen Substitutionsverbindungen Ni (PF3) 4 - n [E (C6H5)3]n (n = 1 und 2). Ein schrittweiser Ersatz der Phenylgruppen im P (C6H5) 3 gegen Chlor läßt Tri- [P (CeH5) 2Cl] und Tetrasubstitution [P (CeH5) Cl2, PCl3] zu. Die Verbindungen werden an Hand ihrer IR- und Massenspektren charakterisiert. Vollständige massenspektrometrische Abbaumechanismen können nur vom Nickeltrifluorphosphin und seinen Monosubstitutions-Produkten aufgestellt werden. Die Abstufung des Donatorvermögens der Substituenten wird IR-spektroskopisch aufgezeigt.
II. Charakterisierung der schnellmarkierten RNS
Authors: Wollgiehn R. , Ruess M.
Published: February 2015

The nucleic acid metabolism of young leaves (Nicotiana rustica, Pisum sativum) was investigated by 32P-labelling in short-time experiments. The nucleic acids were extracted quantitatively with buffer, containing SDS, and fractionated on the MAK column. Several rapidly labelled RNA fractions were found in the region of sRNS, DNA and rRNA. We have characterized two rapidly labelled fractions more detailed. The first one is a high molecular AU-RNA, which is eluted from the MAK column after the rRNA. The second one is a low molecular fraction in the region of the sRNA.

The AU-RNA has the following properties: 1) It is rapidly labelled in pulse experiments. 2) the halfe-life of the AU-RNA in chase experiments is 4 hours at its maximum, showing faster degradation compared to the other fractions. 3) The 32P-incorporation is quantitatively inhibited by actinomycin D. 4) The base composition resembles DNA base composition (high AU and low GC content) . 5) AU-RNS appears as a heterogeneous fraction in the sucrose gradient, and sediments similar to rRNA. 6) AU-RNA occurs in all particle fractions of the homogenates.

The low molecular, rapidly labelled RNA shows the following properties: 1) The radioactive peak does not correspond with 4 S or 5 S RNA peaks. 2) This RNA is metabolically stable, the radioactivity decreases very slowly in chase-experiments. 3) The 32P-incorporation is less inhibited by actinomycin D than the other RNA fractions. 4) The base composition is not similar to DNA base composition. A high content of labelled CTP in this RNA fraction may indicate the rapid 32P-incorporation by exchange of the terminal CpCpA group of tRNA.

The possible messenger function of the AU-RNA is discussed.
X. Der „AS-Effekt“, ein Kurzzeitreparatur-Effekt
Authors: Laskowski W. , Schädel U.
Published: February 2015

A certain mutation in the is2 gene of Saccharomyces resulting in isoleucine and valine dependence also gives rise to an increase in resistance to ionising radiation in diploid cells under certain conditions. This increase in radiation resistance is due to an increase in short-time recovery as well as a decrease in long-term recovery (e. g. liquid-holding recovery). Possible mechanisms for this effect are discussed.
I. Die Inaktivierung von Escherichia coli K-12 durch den Phosphonsäureester Trichlorphon
Authors: Grunow R. , Lohs Kh. , Geissler E.
Published: February 2015

Trichlorphone is bacteriocidal for Escherichia coli K-12. The bacterial inactivation depends on the concentration and the reaction time of trichlorphone and on the growth phase of the bacteria. DDVP formed by hydrolysis of trichlorphone had a higher bacteriocidal effect than trichlorphone itself; pH-changes may modify the effectiveness. The processes that take place in the bacterial cultures containing trichlorphone are discussed.
Serologische Unterschiede von Staphylokokken-Nucleasen
Authors: Scharmann W. , Blobel H.
Published: February 2015

Nuclease was obtained from respectively 6 characterized staphylococcal strains of “human”, “bovine” and “canine” origin and studied immunoelectrophoretically and in the neutralization test. Distinct serological differences were found between the nuclease preparations of the “human” and “bovine” strains on one hand, and the nuclease of the “canine” strains on the other hand.
Enzym-Induktion und Nucleinsäure -Stoffwechsel unter dem Einfluß organspezifischer Nitrosamine
Authors: Kroger H. , Kessel H.
Published: February 2015

Nitrosamine zeigen eine stark organspezifische carcinogene Wirkung. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird von einigen dieser Substanzen der Einfluß auf die Enzym-Induktion in der Leber und auf den Nucleinsäure-Stoffwechsel verschiedener Organe studiert.

Diäthylnitrosamin, das einen Tumor der Leber hervorruft, hemmt die Substrat-Induktion der Tyrosin-a-Ketoglutarat-Transaminase, hat jedoch keinen Einfluß auf die durch Cortison bewirkte Aktivitäts-Steigerung des Enzyms. Der Effekt des N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylesters, der spezifisch einen Tumor der Speiseröhre bewirkt, ist nur gering.

Der Einbau von Orotsäure-6-14C in die RNS der Leber wird unter der Einwirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin erheblich herabgesetzt. N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylester hat in diesem System keinen Effekt. Es steigert gering den Einbau von Uridin-3H in die RNS der Speiseröhre, aber auch in die von Niere, Milz und Herz.

In der Leber tritt unter der Einwirkung von Diäthylnitrosamin eine erhebliche Einlagerung von Glykogen ein. Applikation von N-Nitroso-sarkosin-äthylester führt nur zu einer sehr geringen Steigerung des Glykogen-Gehalts.

Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß nur solche Nitrosamine auf die Induzierbarkeit von Enzymen in der Leber und den Nucleinsäure-Stoffwechsel dieses Organs wirksam sind, die hier auch tumoröse Veränderungen hervorrufen.
Force Constants, Generalised Mean Square Amplitudes and Coriolis Coupling Coefficients of P2I4
Authors: Venkateswarlu K. , Girijavallabhan C. P.
Published: February 2015

Normal co-ordinate analysis has been carried out for diphosphorous tetra iodide (P2I4) on the basis of general valence force field and the force constants have been evaluated. The values of the generalised mean square amplitudes of vibration calculated at 300 °K indicate that the vibrational amplitudes are not large even though the frequencies of vibrations are rather low. The Coriolis coupling coefficients also have been evaluated.
Spektrophotometrische Bestimmung der Gleichgewichtskonstanten und thermodynamischen Daten beim Protonenübergang von o-Nitrophenol an verschiedene Amine in Benzol
Authors: Jannakoudakis D. , Moumtzis J.
Published: February 2015

Der Protonenübergang vom o-Nitrophenol zu verschiedenen Aminmolekülen in benzolischen Lösungen wird bei verschiedenen Temperaturen spektrophotometrisch untersucht.

Es wurde festgestellt, daß das gebildete Assoziat ein Ionenpaar der Form 1:1 darstellt, bei dem das Anion die Chinon-Anion-Form des o-Nitrophenols hat. Die Gleichgewichtskonstanten bei 15°, 20°, 25°, 30° und 35 °C werden durch Anwendung der Rose und Drago - graphischen Methode ermittelt und die thermodynamischen Daten ΔH, ΔG°25 und ΔS°25 berechnet.
Strahlenchemische Versuche zur Erzeugung von Silicium-Radikalen
Authors: Ihlein W. , Wendenburg J. , Henglein A.
Published: February 2015

SiBr4, SiCl4, (CH3) SiCl3, (CH3) 2SiCl2, (CH3) 3SiCl, C2H3SiCl3, C6H5SiCl3, (C6H5) 2SiCl2, (CeH5) 3SiCl, and (C6H5) 4Si have been γ-irradiated in a matrix of 2-methyltetrahydrofurane at — 196 °C. The reactivity towards the free electron is shown to decrease with increasing number of methyl groups and to increase with increasing number of phenyl groups in these compounds. The results are compared with mass spectrometric appearance potential measurements. The products formed in the electron attack show absorption bands in the near ultraviolet and infrared. Some of the absorptions can easily be bleached by blue light. The observed absorptions are attributed to the following molecular anions or neutral radicals formed by non-dissociative or dissociative electron captures respectively: (C6H5)4Si⊖, (C6H5)3SiCl ⊖, (C6H5)2SiCl, C6H5SiCl2, CH2=CHSiCl2 CH3SiCl2, SiCl3, SiBr3 .
Physikalische, chemische und biologische Charakterisierung von menschlichem Choriongonadotropin
Authors: Schlumberger H. D.
Published: February 2015

Purification of commercially available HCG preparations with DEAE Sephadex A 50 and Sephadex G 100 column chromatography gave homogeneous fractions having specific biological activities four fold those of the starting materials. The purified HCG has ICSH characteristics and, in high doses, a definite FSH effect is present.

Chemical analysis of HCG showed it to contain 29% carbohydrates and 69% peptides. The C-terminal amino acid of the peptide chain was found to be serine, but the N-terminal amino acid could not be determined with normal methods. A molecular weight of 22000 — 27000 daltons was obtained by quantitative end group analysis. Ultracentrifugation experiments in 4 m guanidine hydrochloride gave a molecular weight of 27200 daltons, but in neutral saline solutions at HCG concentrations above 2 mg/ml the apparent molecular weight was higher and indicated dimer formation. A dissociation constant of 10-5 mol/l was estimated for the monomer-dimer equilibrium. Since biological activity is found with 0.1 to 0.5 µg, it was concluded that the HCG monomer is the active entity.

The purified HCG is stable from pH 4.5 to pH 10 for 6 hours at 37 °C. At pH 2.5 only 5 to 10% of the original activity is retained. HCG is rapidly inactivated at 100 °C, but a residual activity of 6 — 10% remained after 30 minutes at 80 °C. No activity was lost after 30 minutes incubation at 60 °C.
Zur Biosynthese des Nicotins
Authors: Schütte H. R. , Maier W. , Stephan U.
Published: February 2015

Bei der Applikation von N-Methylputrescin-[1-14C, 15N-CH3] und von N-Methylputrescin-[1-T] an Nicotiana rustica haben wir einen spezifischen Einbau der Radioaktivität in die Position 5′ des Pyrrolidinringes erhalten. Dieses Ergebnis spricht dafür, daß das N-Methylputrescin unsymmetrisch in das Nicotin eingebaut wird und daß eine Methylierung vor dem Ringschluß zum Pyrrolidin möglich ist.
Protein Synthesis During the First Three Cleavages in Pond Snail Eggs (Lymnaea Stagnalis)
Authors: Jockusch Brigitte
Published: February 2015

Egg cells of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were isolated and reared in an inorganic medium, in which they reached the blastula stage with the same rate and yield as in the egg capsules. Synchrony of cell division was 70—90% depending on temperature and number of cell division. 3H-leucine incorporation into hot TCA-insoluble material as a function of developmental stage was studied by autoradiography. The rate of leucine incorporation during the metaphase of the first three cell divisions was found to be ca. 30% of the incorporation rate during the corresponding interphases. The interphase rates increased from a very low level before nuclear fusion to a 25 fold value in the third interphase. 3H-leucine incorporation could be inhibited by 78% by 5 × 10-3 M puromycin and hence seems to represent protein synthesis.
On the Properties of Some α-Hydroxy Phosphonates and Related Compounds
Authors: Zayed S. M. A. D. , Hassan A. , Fakhr I. M. I.
Published: February 2015

In search for effective organophosphorus esters against the larva of the cotton leaf worm (Prodenia litura F), some α-hydroxy phosphonic acid dimethyl esters and related compounds have been synthesized. The effect of substitution on the antiesterase activity and toxicity towards Prodenia larvae has been investigated.

The infra-red spectra of the prepared phosphorus esters are discussed.
Organische Synthesen im Plasma von Glimmentladungen
Authors: Suhr Harald
Published: February 2015

Das Verhalten von Toluoldämpfen im Plasma einer Glimmentladung bei 10 MHz wird untersucht. Durch Analyse der Produktgemische läßt sich der Reaktionsmechanismus feststellen. Untersuchungen an Benzol, Äthylbenzol und Diphenylalkanen lassen erkennen, welche Produkte in den Toluolansätzen primär und welche durch erneute Anregung der Primärprodukte entstehen. Bei hohen Drucken werden vorwiegend Syntheseprodukte gebildet, wobei die schwächste Bindung im Ausgangsmolekül gelöst wird. Bei niederen Drucken werden auch stärkere Bindungen gelöst. Die Produktzusammensetzung hängt stark von der Frequenz ab. Niedere Frequenzen führen zu intermolekularen Vorgängen (Synthesen), hohe zu intramolekularen (Fragmentierungen).
Zur Chemie des Phorbols, VII
Authors: Gschwendt Michael , Härle Eckhart , Hecker Erich
Published: February 2015

Cleavage of phorbol-3-ol-12,13,20-triacetate with sodium-periodate proves the presence of an α,β- unsaturated tertiary 1,2-ketol group in phorbol and its location in the five-membered ring. Accordingly 4-O-methyl-phorbol-3-ol-12,13,20-triacetate is not cleaved by sodium periodate, and by zinc/acetic acid phorbol-12,13,20-triacetate is converted to a 4-deoxy-compound.
Zur Kenntnis funktioneller Si-Heterocyclen.
Authors: Naegele W. , Montigny A. De , Simmler W.
Published: February 2015

Durch Umsetzung von 2.3-disubstituierten Äthanolaminen mit Brommethyl-dimethyl-äthoxy-silan wurden 6-gliedrige Ringe der Konstitution 3 hergestellt. Aufnahme und Auswertung der 100 MHz- 1H-NMR-Spektren ergab Cyclohexane in der Sessel-Konformation mit äquatorialer Stellung der Alkylgruppen an Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff.
Potentiometric Studies on Mixed Ligand Complexes Copper(II)-oxalic Acid-diamine
Authors: Chaturvedi G. K. , Tandon J. P.
Published: February 2015

The potentiometric studies of the systems, copper (II)-oxalic acid and one of the diamines, o-phenylenediamine(phenen), ethylenediamine(en) and 1,2-diaminopropane(pn) have been carried out. These studies show the formation of mixed ligand complexes in which all the three species are present in the ratio of 1:1:1.
Niobium(V) and Tantalum(V) Derivatives of Schiff Bases Derived from β-Hydroxynaphthaldehyde and Acetylacetone with n-Hydroxy-alkylamines
Authors: Prashar P. , Tandon J. P.
Published: February 2015

Schiff base derivatives of niobium and tantalum of the types, M(OPri)3SB, M(OPri)(SB)2 and M(SB)2(SBH) have been synthesized by the reactions of the metal isopropoxides with the Schiff bases in 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 molar ratios (where M=Nb or Ta, SBH⊖ and SB2⊖ represent the corresponding anions of the Schiff bases). Except the triisopropoxy acetylacetone-2-hydroxy-alkylimine derivatives of these metals which are distillable, all the remaining complexes decompose when an attempt is made to distil them. The triisopropoxy mono - Schiff base and the tris - Schiff base derivatives of these metals are essentially monomeric in boiling benzene and probably possess hexa- and octa-coordinated metal atoms, while the monoisopropoxy bis-Schiff base complexes show slight tendency of polymerization.
70. Mitteilung über Flechteninhaltsstoffe.
Authors: Huneck Siegfried , Schreiber Klaus , Snatzke Günther , Fehlhaber Hans-Wolfram
Published: February 2015

Aus Arthonia impolita (EHRH.) BORR. wird das neue Depsid Arthoniasäure isoliert und als 4-O-Desmethyl-2′-O-methyl-microphyllinsäure (1) strukturell aufgeklärt.
I. Mitt.: Reversible Ablösung eisenhaltiger Chromoproteide von Rattenleber-Ribosomen
Authors: Meyer-Bertenrath Jürgen G. , Domschke Wolfram
Published: February 2015

Addition of EDTA * to ribosomal preparations followed by gelfiltration on agarose-columns, causes separation of ribosomal proteins accounting for the pink colour of ribosomes. This chromoprotein contains 20% iron. It recombines with the colourless subribosomal nucleoproteid-particle from which it had been released, during incubation in a ribosome-stable buffer lacking EDTA.
IV. 1,3,5,7-Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Traetteberg M. , Hagen G. , Cyvin S. J.
Published: February 2015

A harmonic-vibration analysis for the vibrations of 1,3,5,7-cyclooctatetraene was performed. A suitable set of symmetry coordinates is specified, and the corresponding symmetry force constants for C8H8 are given. The developed force fields were used to calculate mean amplitudes of vibration for C8H8 and C8D8. Calculated perpendicular amplitude correction coefficients for the various interatomic distances are also reported.
Die Untersuchung der Isopolysäurebildung des Molybdats mit Hilfe der kryoskopischen Titration
Authors: Wiese G.
Published: February 2015

Mit Hilfe einer kryoskopischen Titration wird die Änderung des Kondensationsgrades bestimmt, die bei der Zugabe von H⊕ zu einer Molybdatlösung eintritt. Als dominierende Polyanionen erweisen sich [Mο7O24]6⊖ und [Mο8O24]4⊖.
Formation and Electrolytic Dissociation of the Potassium Compounds of Monohydronaphthalene and Monohydroanthracene
Authors: Brandes K. K. , Gerdes R. J.
Published: February 2015

The molar heats of dissociation of the potassium compounds of monohydronaphthalene and monohydroanthracene (MH⊝K⊕) in 1,4-dioxane have been determined. Furthermore it has been shown that even high-purity solvents will eventually act as proton donors for dinegative ions of aromatic hydrocarbons.
Oxidation of Hydrazine by Alkaline Ferricyanide in Water-methanol Mixtures
Authors: Jindal V. K. , Agrawal M. C. , Mushran S. P.
Published: February 2015

Kinetics of the oxidation of hydrazine by ferricyanide was investigated in water-methanol mixtures using several buffer solutions. The reaction showed first order dependence in both hydrazine and ferricyanide. The order with respect to hydroxide ion concentration was zero. Increase in concentration of methanol had a retarding influence on the rate while the addition of neutral salts showed a specific ion effect. The energy and entropy of activation were calculated as 12.3 kcals. mole-1 and -20.8 cals. deg-1 mole-1 respectively. A suitable mechanism has been proposed which suggests the primary rate determining reaction between N2H4 and Fe (CN)6
3⊖. Nitrogen was found to be the product of the reaction.
Zur Biosynthese der Peptidalkaloide von Claviceps purpurea / Biosynthesis of Peptide Alkaloids of Claviceps purpurea
Authors: Gröger D. , Erge D.
Published: February 2015

Using a strain of Claviceps purpurea which produces under submerged conditions chanoclavine, ergometrine and mainly ergotoxine the biosynthesis of ergoline derivatives has been studied. DL-Tryptophan- (ring-2-14C) is specifically incorporated into the lysergic acid moiety of ergotoxine· alkaloids. L-Proline-U-14C serves as a precursor of the proline-part of the peptid-chain of ergotoxine.
Excretion of Radiocesium (137Cs) in Sweat from Humans
Authors: Vellar Odd D. , Madshus Kjell
Published: February 2015

Sweat from the whole body was collected in five healthy unacclimatized male students during two consecutive periods of profuse sweating in a climatic chamber with a hot humid environment. In each subject one sweat collection experiment was performed before and another experiment about two weeks after an oral dose of 137Cs (160 nCi).

Before the intake of the 137Cs oral dose the volunteers had a “natural” body burden in the same range as other Oslo-residents, whereas their mean body burden rose by a factor of approximately six, measured five days after the intake of the dose.

The mean concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat after the intake of the oral dose was about 10 times higher than the initial values.

After the oral dose of 137Cs, the amount excreted through sweating was about 30 pCi 137Cs per hour. Thus, the present data show that the elimination of 137Cs through sweating might be considerable during prolonged periods of profuse perspiration. Consequently, this excretory pathway should not be neglected under conditions where heat, humidity and physical exertion pertain.

There was no decrease in the concentration of 137Cs in whole body sweat from the first to the second period of sweat collection. Thus, the results give no support to the hypothesis of an “internal” contamination of the sweat of the initial stages of secretion.
II. Die Aktivität der GluDH und ihrer Untereinheiten
Authors: Kempfle M. , Mosebach K.-O. , Blanke C.
Published: February 2015

The influence of Diethylstilboestrol (DES), Dihydro-DES, and some steroids on the enzymatic activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH) from beef liver was studied. In relation to the enzyme concentration in mg/ml the activity shows a maximum. This maximum fails when the turnover number is used as a measure for the enzyme activity. 10-5 M DES inhibits the GluDH activity almost completely, Dihydro-DES, Cyproterone and Cyproterone-acetate show no inhibition. The influence of Progesterone and Testosterone is about 20% and 10% respectively of that of DES. Dialysis will overcome the inhibition completely, to a smaller rate (about 30%) the addition of 10-3 M ADP too. It seems not to be necessary to suggest that there are two kinds of subunits of GluDH, the one corresponding to simple dilution, the other to treatment with DES.
XVIII. Alterations of the Nature of RNA Synthesized in Isolated Fat Body Cell Nuclei as a Result of Ecdysone and Juvenile Hormone Action
Authors: Congote L. F. , Sekeris C. E. , Karlson P.
Published: February 2015

The RNA synthesized in isolated fat body cell nuclei of blowfly larvae under the influence of ecdysone and juvenile hormone was studied by sucrose density centrifugation and RNA-DNA-hybridization.

RNA produced in isolated nuclei of larvae in the early third instar has a polydisperse sedimentation pattern, showing a maximum at about 14 S, while RNA synthesized in nuclei of larvae in a later developmental stage has, in average, lower sedimentation coefficients. No significant differences in sedimentation properties could be seen between RNA of control and hormone-treated nuclei.

An investigation of the hybridization of RNA synthesized in hormone-treated nuclei showed that the RNA produced under the influence of ecdysone or juvenile hormone is qualitatively different from that of the controls. This points to a specific effect of the hormones on the genome. The antagonistic effect of ecdysone and juvenile hormone on RNA synthesis is discussed on the basis of hybridization studies.
Mean Amplitudes of Vibration and Related Quantities for Cyclopropene and Cyclopropane with some of their Deuterated Compounds
Authors: Cyvin S. J. , Hagen G.
Published: February 2015

Previously developed harmonic force fields for cyclopropene and cyclopropane were used to calculate some spectroscopic quantities of interest in refined structure studies: (a) mean amplitudes of vibration and (b) perpendicular amplitude correction coefficients for cylopropene, cyclopropene-1,2-d2, cyclopropene-3,3-d2, cyclopropene-d4, cyclopropane and cyclopropane-d6. Also reported are the (c) atomic vibration mean-square amplitudes for the light and heavy (completely deuterated) compounds.
Insektenhäutungshormone und ihre Wirkungsweise
Authors: Heinrich G. , Hoffmeister H.
Published: February 2015

25-Desoxyecdysteron und Ecdysteron werden im Fettkörper von Larven der Schmeißfliege Calliphora erythrocephala umgewandelt in Glykoside. Aus enzymatischen und chemischen Untersuchungen schließen wir, daß 3β- (α-Glucopyranosido) -Derivate der Hormone gebildet werden. Bereits 30 Min. nach Injektion von 3 Calliphora-Einheiten/Larve sind 85% des Hormons in das Glykosid umgewandelt. Im Erfolgsorgan Epidermis findet weder eine Glykosid-Synthese statt noch wird das Glykosid in stärkerem Ausmaß von der Epidermis aufgenommen. Die Glykosidbildung erfolgt durch eine Uridindiphosphalglucose: Ecdysteron-Transglucosylasc.