bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 NC embedded glass-ceramics: XPS, EPR, XANES and Mössbauer studies
Authors: Chen Qiuling ,   Henan University of Technology, Chang Xinzhong ,   Henan Technical Institute
Published: July 2024

In this investigation, perovskite La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 nanocrystals were cultivated within heavy metal oxide glass, utilizing Al2O3 tailoring. The study delves into the impact of La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 formation on both the glass structure and optical/magnetic properties. Employing diverse techniques such as x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron microscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance and Mössbauer spectra, we scrutinized these influences. The synthesis resulted in well-distributed, orthogonal La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 nanocrystals measuring 10-30 nm within the glass matrix. This crystallization induced alterations in the structure and coordination numbers of B2O3, Al2O3 and Bi2O3. Notably, the introduction of 10% Al2O3 in the glass manifested an abnormality effect, showcasing the highest transparency, the smallest La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 size (10 nm), and minimal nonbridging oxygen defects. Remarkably, the glass with 10% Al2O3 demonstrated an intriguing aluminium-induced effect, exhibiting the highest transparency, the smallest La0·8Sr0·2FeO3 size (10 nm), and the least nonbridging oxygen defects. Furthermore, this glass exhibited an enhanced electron paramagnetic resonance signal, the highest percentage (71%) of tetrahedral FeO4 units and an improved Mössbauer sextets intensity, making it particularly promising for applications in photonics devices.
Increasing COVID-19 Safety and Awareness for Ethnically Diverse Communities: Exploring Media Preferences and Messaging Effectiveness
Authors: Winborne Duvon G. , Jackson Janine , Boyd Brittany
Published: July 2024

Abstract: With the goal of achieving herd immunity for residents of an ethnically diverse metropolitan area in the Mid-Atlantic region, a tiered public health intervention was formulated to deploy available COVID-19 vaccines to residents. The three key functions for the intervention program were Messaging & Monitoring, Deployment & Directing , and Acquisition & Availability , all of which were systematically applied to the process of limiting the novel coronavirus' spread and immunizing residents. This evaluation study was conducted to provide timely and actionable data for municipal leaders concerning the effectiveness of messaging for community outreach. Findings from this mixed-methods research revealed differences among population subgroups relative to how COVID-19 information was obtained. Particularly salient were the statistical tests performed on index scores that were generated from a cross-sectional altitude survey. Differences were found in perceptions of ethnic subgroups about the effectiveness of public service memes for promoting COVID-19 safety and vaccinations.
Providing the Tools to Facilitate Quality Care for Children with Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Albert Marcy Stein , Alphonso Candace , Patel Urvi , Balaoura Kathrin , DeLuna Neal , Mack Jason , Castano Francisco , Muhyedeen Salma , Bernstein Bruce , Poulard Jean-Bernard , Rivlin Kenneth
Published: July 2024

Summary: Meeting best-practice guidelines can significantly enhance quality of life and longevity for those with sickle cell disease (SCD). However, many clinical settings lack the necessary resources for optimal care. We present an integrated suite of tools and collaborative actions designed to enhance SCD care.
Medical Interpretation for Emerging Populations: Building a Multi-Modal Interpretation Program for Pashto-Speakers at a Public Safety-Net Health System
Authors: Hromas Christopher , Khil Waheedullah Ibrahim , Burris Tonya , Mika Virginia
Published: July 2024

Summary: Limited English proficient patients are prone to adverse health care effects compared to English proficient patients, including decreased access to care, lower health literacy, and worse clinical outcomes. This report describes a multi-modal medical interpreter program at a safety-net health system designed for the emerging Afghan population in San Antonio, Texas.
More than Ethics: Changing Approaches to Research in Human Biology
Authors: Fuentes Agustín
Published: July 2024

abstract: Work in biological anthropology and human biology that engages with, extracts, manipulates, analyzes, and disseminates biological data from and associated with people requires serious ethical investment as central to method, theory, and practice. However, ethics is not enough. Moving beyond a call for better (or more) ethics, there is a core need for anthropological, historical, antiracist/anticolonialist method and theory in dealing with human data (existing, newly collected, and future collections). But there are structures in the academy, historical, financial, hierarchical, discriminatory, that impede sincere and effective actions to make such changes. Encouragingly, calls for structural change and some actions entailing it are under way. But individual efforts are not enough—systemic, profession-level processes need to be addressed.
Astrophotonics-current capabilities and the road ahead [Invited]
Authors: Norris Barnaby , Gross Simon , Leon-Saval Sergio G. , Betters Christopher H. , Bryant Julia , Yu Qingshan , Wang Adeline Haobing , Douglass Glen , Arcadi Elizabeth , Sanny Ahmed , Withford Michael , Tuthill Peter , Bland-Hawthorn Joss
Published: July 2024

Astrophotonics represents a cutting-edge approach in observational astronomy. This paper explores the significant advancements and potential applications of astrophotonics, highlighting how photonic technologies stand to revolutionize astronomical instrumentation. Key areas of focus include photonic wavefront sensing and imaging, photonic interferometry and nulling, advanced chip fabrication methods, and the integration of spectroscopy and sensing onto photonic chips. The role of single-mode fibers in reducing modal noise, and the development of photonic integral field units (IFUs) and arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) for high resolution, spatially resolved spectroscopy will be examined. As part of the Sydney regional-focus issue, this review aims to detail some of the current technological achievements in this field as well as to discuss the future trajectory of astrophotonics, underscoring its potential to unlock important new astronomical discoveries.
Compact broadband high-resolution real-time four-dimensional imaging spectrometer
Authors: Yang Qinghua
Published: July 2024

A broadband high-resolution real-time four-dimensional imaging spectrometer (HRRFDIS) is presented, which can acquire both broadband fine spectra and high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) spatial images of a 3D object in real time. The HRRFDIS consists of a first microlens array arranged in a plane to achieve orthographic view spatial imaging, a second microlens array arranged on a conical surface to measure the depth and to achieve 360-degree side-view spatial imaging, multiple optical fibers, a collimating microlens array arranged in a straight line, a parallel planar transmission grating pair to obtain high spectral resolution over a broadband spectral range, and an area-array detector. Compared with the scanning four-dimensional imaging spectrometer (FDIS), the HRRFDIS can obtain a broadband high-resolution four-dimensional dataset using only one frame of data, and it is more stable, compact, small-sized, and lightweight. Compared to the staring FDIS using a liquid crystal filter and requiring at least one modulation period of liquid crystal to acquire a complete hyperspectral image, the HRRFDIS can acquire a complete broadband hyperspectral image in real time. Compared to existing snapshot FDIS, the HRRFDIS can achieve much higher spectral resolution, especially over a broadband spectral range. The HRRFDIS is a unique concept that is the first to obtain both high-resolution broadband spectral information and high-resolution 3D spatial information in real time, to the best of our knowledge. The HRRFDIS will be suitable for real-time measurement of 3D objects in the ultraviolet to infrared spectral range.
Distributed vibration and temperature sensing system by multiplexed fiber scattering spectra
Authors: Huang Minnan , Wang Zihao , Feng Yuxiang , Fan Jiaming , Wang Yishan , Lu Lidong
Published: July 2024

A new, to the best of our knowledge, distributed optical fiber vibration and temperature hybrid sensing system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed system only employs two signal channels, which is more compact and practical. Based on the structure of the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR), the Rayleigh scattering light and the Raman anti-Stokes scattering light is extracted for vibration and temperature sensing, respectively. For vibration sensing, a new differential location algorithm based on polarization state analysis of the Rayleigh scattering light is proposed to locate the vibration events. It first rectifies the original OTDR traces by fiber attenuation compensation to make each position in it with the same pulse power level. And then, by difference of adjacent traces and threshold discrimination, the vibration positions are identified and located. For temperature sensing, a temperature calibration unit and algorithm are adopted to dynamically correct the trace data and reduce the temperature measurement error caused by the instability of the pulse laser source. The experiment is conducted with a fiber range of about 12 km and laser pulse width of 60 ns, and the experimental results show that the maximum error range for temperature measurement is −0.7∘C to 1.3°C, with a root mean square (RMS) error of 0.85°C in the entire temperature measurement range. Additionally, the spatial resolution (SR) for both vibration and temperature sensing is 6 m.
Dynamically tunable Fano resonator with high sensitivity in the terahertz band
Authors: Zhang Wen , Zhong Ling , Cheng Junyan , Xu Yuanmei , Ye Liang-Hua , Li Xue-Shi
Published: July 2024

A dynamically tunable Fano resonator device with integrated graphene has been designed. It is capable of addressing the fixed performance of conventional sensors based on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguides. The resonant frequency of the Fano resonance can be dynamically tuned over a wide range of frequency by regulating the bias voltage of the graphene for flexible tuning and optimized system performance, while maintaining a very high figure of merit (FOM). These indicate that the design has a number of advantages, including ease of fabrication, dynamic tunability, high sensitivity, and wide wavelength range.
Retroactive correction for white-light dispersion as an edge-detection problem in ultrafast spectroscopies
Authors: Kefer Oskar , Buckup Tiago , Kolesnichenko Pavel V.
Published: July 2024

Broadband pump–probe spectroscopy is one of the most popular implementations of femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy, due to its well-established routines of construction, operation, and data post-processing. Compensation for dispersion of broadband probe pulses covering both near-UV and visible spectral range is not trivial. In such cases, retroactive numerical correction schemes are widely employed. For example, for samples in solution, this is achieved by a separate measurement of the coherent artifact. However, when a reference sample is unavailable, as is the case for most solid-state materials, retroactive characterization of the broadband probe dispersion using a similar approach can be challenging if not impossible. Here, we overcome this limitation by conceptualizing the onset of pump–probe signal as an edge and apply multi-pass wavelet convolution to broadband pump–probe spectra. This reveals prominent white-light dispersion akin to separate measurements of the coherent artifact, but free from contributions of cross-phase modulation. We demonstrate the high sensitivity of the approach, rendering it robust even to cases with small signal-to-noise ratios. We believe that the approach has great potential to be adopted in various laboratories and related industries as part of an automated dispersion-correction routine.
Enhancement of the environmental stability of perovskite thin films via AZ5214-photoresist and PMMA coatings
Authors: Fallah Kimya , Norouzian Alam Shahab , Ghaffary Bijan , Yekekar Farzaneh , Taghiyan Shima , Taravati Sajjad
Published: July 2024

This study presents a novel investigation into enhancing the environmental stability of perovskite thin films, specifically focusing on the effects of AZ5214 photoresist compared to the widely studied PMMA. By employing advanced matrix encapsulation techniques, we aim to stabilize methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) films, which are meticulously prepared via a two-step solution deposition method under controlled ambient conditions. Our approach involves spin-coating layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and AZ5214 photoresist to singularly encapsulate the perovskite films. This encapsulation provides a robust hydrophobic barrier, significantly mitigating moisture ingress and addressing pinhole challenges within the perovskite structure. Through comprehensive characterizations—including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy—we demonstrate that AZ5214 photoresist, despite being thicker than PMMA, offers significantly enhanced stability. Our study revealed that coating MAPbI3 perovskite with a 127-nanometer layer of PMMA resulted in a PL intensity retention of 44.8% after 40 days, which is a 589.23% improvement over the uncoated perovskite. Similarly, a 1200-nanometer layer of AZ5214 photoresist achieved a PL intensity retention of 38.2%, reflecting a 487.69% enhancement. For MAPbBr3 perovskite, the PMMA coating achieved a PL intensity retention of 43.1%, a 71.72% improvement, while the AZ5214 photoresist coating resulted in a retention of 48.4%, showing a 92.83% enhancement. These findings highlight the superior stability provided by AZ5214 photoresist, especially for MAPbBr3, making it a more effective barrier against environmental degradation compared to PMMA.
Synthetic aperture imaging by distributed arrays of space telescopes
Authors: Wengrowicz Omri , Peleg Or , Loevsky Barry , Cohen Oren
Published: July 2024

We propose and numerically investigate a new methodology for long-range short-wavelength synthetic aperture imaging. Utilizing low-resolution intensity images captured by a distributed array of sparsely fly-scanning detectors, we reconstruct high-resolution images. We introduce and explore two reconstruction implementations: one leveraging Fourier ptychography and the other employing an untrained deep neural network to replace the update step in the iterative algorithm. These methods are compared to small-aperture low-resolution images and conventional Fourier ptychography reconstructions. The proposed techniques yield superior reconstructions in scenarios where traditional methodologies may be inadequate, with the neural network demonstrating generally superior performances over the ptychography-based approach. The proposed method exhibits four principal advancements: enhancement of images via sparsely sampled synthetic aperture, fly-scan sampling, better resistance to noise, and serialization and scalability—whereby additional samples can incrementally refine the solution without necessitating resolving for the entire dataset for each new sample.
Alternative TSS use is widespread in Cryptococcus fungi in response to environmental cues and regulated genome-wide by the transcription factor Tur1
Authors: Dang Thi Tuong Vi , Maufrais Corinne , Colin Jessie , Moyrand Frédérique , Mouyna Isabelle , Coppée Jean-Yves , Onyishi Chinaemerem U. , Lipecka Joanna , Guerrera Ida Chiara , May Robin C. , Janbon Guilhem
Published: July 2024

Alternative transcription start site (TSS) usage regulation has been identified as a major means of gene expression regulation in metazoans. However, in fungi, its impact remains elusive as its study has thus far been restricted to model yeasts. Here, we first re-analyzed TSS-seq data to define genuine TSS clusters in 2 species of pathogenic Cryptococcus. We identified 2 types of TSS clusters associated with specific DNA sequence motifs. Our analysis also revealed that alternative TSS usage regulation in response to environmental cues is widespread in Cryptococcus, altering gene expression and protein targeting. Importantly, we performed a forward genetic screen to identify a unique transcription factor (TF) named Tur1, which regulates alternative TSS (altTSS) usage genome-wide when cells switch from exponential phase to stationary phase. ChiP-Seq and DamID-Seq analyses suggest that at some loci, the role of Tur1 might be direct. Tur1 has been previously shown to be essential for virulence in C. neoformans. We demonstrated here that a tur1Δ mutant strain is more sensitive to superoxide stress and phagocytosed more efficiently by macrophages than the wild-type (WT) strain.
Estimating immunization coverage at the district level: A case study of measles and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-Hib-HepB vaccines in Ethiopia
Authors: Tesfaye Latera , Forzy Tom , Getnet Fentabil , Misganaw Awoke , Woldekidan Mesfin Agachew , Wolde Asrat Arja , Warkaye Samson , Gelaw Solomon Kassahun , Memirie Solomon Tessema , Berheto Tezera Moshago , Worku Asnake , Sato Ryoko , Hendrix Nathaniel , Tadesse Meseret Zelalem , Tefera Yohannes Lakew , Hailu Mesay , Verguet Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Ethiopia has made significant progress in the last two decades in improving the availability and coverage of essential maternal and child health services including childhood immunizations. As Ethiopia keeps momentum towards achieving national immunization goals, methods must be developed to analyze routinely collected health facility data and generate localized coverage estimates. This study leverages the District Health Information Software (DHIS2) platform to estimate immunization coverage for the first dose of measles vaccine (MCV1) and the third dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-Hib-HepB vaccine (Penta3) across Ethiopian districts (“woredas”). Monthly reported numbers of administered MCV1 and Penta3 immunizations were extracted from public facilities from DHIS2 for 2017/2018-2021/2022 and corrected for quality based on completeness and consistency across time and districts. We then utilized three sources for the target population (infants) to compute administrative coverage estimates: Central Statistical Agency, DHIS2, and WorldPop. The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys were used as benchmarks to which administrative estimates were adjusted at the regional level. Administrative vaccine coverage was estimated for all woredas, and, after adjustments, was bounded within 0–100%. In regions with the highest immunization coverage, MCV1 coverage would range from 83 to 100% and Penta3 coverage from 88 to 100% (Addis Ababa, 2021/2022); MCV1 from 8 to 100% and Penta3 from 4 to 100% (Tigray, 2019/2020). Nationally, the Gini index for MCV1 was 0.37, from 0.13 (Harari) to 0.37 (Somali); for Penta3, it was 0.36, from 0.16 (Harari) to 0.36 (Somali). The use of routine health information systems, such as DHIS2, combined with household surveys permits the generation of local health services coverage estimates. This enables the design of tailored health policies with the capacity to measure progress towards achieving national targets, especially in terms of inequality reductions.
Sex and gender reporting in RCTs of internet and mobile-based interventions for depression and anxiety in chronic conditions: A secondary analysis of a systematic review
Authors: Corrick Shaina , Johnson Emily , Isley Serena , Vandermeer Ben , Dolgoy Naomi , Bates Jack , Godfrey Elana , Soltys Cassidy , Muir Conall , Tegg Nicole , Norris Colleen M. , Tandon Puneeta
Published: July 2024

Mind-body internet- and mobile-based intervention (IMIs) are gaining traction as scalable and effective strategies to manage mental health symptoms experienced by people living with chronic physical conditions. Sex and gender have implications for mind-body IMI participation, adherence, and efficacy. The objective of this secondary analysis was to assess the extent and nature of reporting of sex and/or gender in randomized controlled trials retrieved by a primary systematic review of mind-body IMIs assessing depression and anxiety symptoms among adults living with chronic physical conditions. The collected information included whether sex and gender-based analyses were carried out and explored the role of sex and gender on mental health outcomes, attrition, and recruitment rates. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. A comprehensive search of six electronic databases was completed from database inception to March 2023. Sex and gender terms were summarized according to a standardized, three-point criteria: (1) non-binary use (i.e., > 2 categories used for both sex and gender definitions) (2) use of appropriate categories (i.e., sex = male/female/intersex, gender = man/woman/gender-diverse) and (3) non-interchangeable use of sex or gender terms throughout the citation. The use of sex and gender terms was deemed correct if all three criteria were met. The role of sex and gender on mental health outcomes, attrition and recruitment data were extracted where available. In the 56 included studies, 7691 participants were evaluated with a mean age of 43 years and 4780 (62%) were described as females/women. Two (4%) studies defined sex or gender using non-binary categorization. Twenty-eight (50%) studies used appropriate categories to define sex or gender. Twenty-five (45%) studies used sex and gender terms non-interchangeably. No studies met all three sex/gender criteria. Only one study provided stratified mental health scores by sex and/or gender within the publication. Eleven (20%) studies reported sex or gender imbalance as being a potential reason for outcome differences, with 3 studies conducting an adjusted statistical analysis investigating sex/gender as a moderator. Findings highlight low uptake of sex and gender considerations in the context of mind-body IMIs. Results underscore the need to incorporate guideline-based sex and gender terms and concepts, from data collection and analysis to reporting of evidence to inform mind-body IMI development and guide future research. Stratified sex and/or gender analyses are encouraged in future studies to assess intervention outcome differences.
Frequency, geographical distribution, clinical characteristics, antivenom utilisation and outcomes of King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) bites in Malaysia
Authors: Renault Asyhok , Ng Vera Effa Rezar Frederic , Goh Wan Chee , Hamid Muhammad Nadzmi Hadi Abd , Osman Annuar Muhammad Zuljamal , Safferi Ruth Sabrina , Mohamed@Ismail Zainalabidin , Ismail Ahmad Khaldun
Published: July 2024

Snakebite envenomation remains an important, yet a neglected public health issue in most tropical and subtropical countries. Underdeveloped medical infrastructure, suboptimal medical services, poor documentation and failure to make snake-related injury a mandatory notifiable disease are important contributing factors. The King Cobra (Ophiophagus hannah) is a medically significant species encountered in Malaysia however, there have been few publications from the clinical perspective. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of King Cobra related injuries, geographical distribution, clinical presentation, type and frequency of antivenom utilization and the management outcome. This is a cross-sectional study of confirmed King Cobra related injuries consulted to Remote Envenomation Consultation Services (RECS) from 2015 to 2020. Data were extracted from the RECS database and descriptively analyzed. A total of 32 cases of King Cobra bite were identified. Most cases were from Peninsular Malaysia with the most frequent from the state of Pahang (n = 9, 28.1%). Most patients got bitten while attempting to catch or play with the snake (68.8%). Signs and symptoms of envenomation were documented in 24 (75.0%) cases and the most frequent systemic manifestation was ptosis (n = 13, 40.6%). Tracheal intubation and ventilatory support were required in 13 (40.6%) patients. Antivenom was administered to 22 (68.8%) patients with most (25.0%) receiving 10 vials (1 dose). The commonest antivenom used was monospecific King Cobra antivenom (50.0%) from Thai Red Cross. There was one death documented due to complications from necrotizing fasciitis and septicemia. Public awareness of the dangers and proper handling of King Cobras needs to be emphasised. Timely administration of the appropriate antivenom is the definitive treatment and leads to favorable outcomes.
Self-reported food intolerance, dietary supplement use and malnutrition in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases: Findings from a cross-sectional study in Lebanon
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Ftouni Nour , Olayan Malak , Hallit Souheil , Karam Joya Maria , Hallal Mahmoud , Hotayt Samer , Hotayt Bilal
Published: July 2024

Background/Aims

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are known for a combination of food intolerance, decreased oral intake, and malabsorption which all predispose patients to malnutrition and suboptimal dietary intake. The present study was conducted to 1) examine self-reported food intolerances and dietary supplement use 2) assess nutritional intake 3) assess the nutritional status and screen for malnutrition among patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (CIBD).

Methods

48 patients with CIBDs (28 Crohn’s disease, 15 ulcerative colitis and 7 with atypical forms of IBD) took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire targeting dietary intakes and food trends over time. A questionnaire about food intolerance was also used. The nutritional status of patients with CIBDs was evaluated by a detailed history (medical diagnosis and medications and supplements administered) and by using the subjective global assessment (SGA) tool. Anthropometric data including height, weight, and BMI with body composition assessment using automated scales and stadiometer, while Bio-impedancemetry was used to measure body fat and visceral fat. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27, employing mean values, standard deviations, absolute and relative frequencies and Pearson’s chi-square test, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

Food intolerance was equally common in all the types of CIBD specifically for dairy products, spicy foods, and high-fiber food items (beans and raw vegetables). Individuals with CIBD were also complaining about meat and chicken products (68%), followed by alcohol and soda (64%) and fish and sea foods (59%). 17% of the patients were malnourished. A significant percentage of malnourished patients with CIBD had to follow a diet outside the flare, had a nutritional follow up, were currently taking corticosteroids and had a severe form of the disease compared to patients who were well nourished.

Conclusions

This study has contributed valuable insights into the understanding that some food items could be associated to periods of increased disease activity in CIBD patients and that awareness/intervention regarding nutrition must be provided by healthcare professionals (dietitians, physicians…) to decrease the need for second line therapy. In addition, this self-reported food intolerance paper gives an insight for patients on food items usually avoided by CIBD patients during flares.
The role of art therapy on quality of life of women with recent pregnancy loss: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zahmatkesh Masumeh , Faal Siahkal Shahla , Alahverdi Fatemeh , Tahmasebi Golshan , Ebrahimi Elham
Published: July 2024

Background

Pregnancy loss and mourning can lead to psychological adverse effects on women’s quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of art therapy on the quality of life of women with pregnancy loss.

Methods

This study was a randomized clinical trial performed on 60 women who recently experienced abortion or stillbirth. After randomization in two groups (30 in each group), women in the intervention group received four session art therapy. In the control group, routine care was performed. The Perinatal Grief Scale and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaire, short version 26, was used to collect data before and eight weeks after intervention, and the result was compared before and after the intervention in both groups.

Results

The mean age of participants was 26.5±4.75 years. Eight weeks after the intervention, the mean score of the total quality of life was significantly different between the two groups (348.64±13.12 vs.254.46±58.35; P>0.01). Also, all physical, psychological, social, and environmental dimensions of quality of life improved in the art therapy group compared to the control group (P>0.01).

Conclusions

Art therapy could improve the quality-of-life following pregnancy loss, and can be recommended as a complementary method next to routine care.

Trial registration

IRCT20200104046002N1.
The association of sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 in a Medicaid managed care population with and without HIV
Authors: Wu Yiyi , Mattas Eleni , Brandenburg Carey , Fusaris Ethan , Overbey Richard , Ernst Jerome , Brennan-Ing Mark
Published: July 2024

Understanding how post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) affects communities disproportionately affected by HIV is critically needed. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of PASC symptoms among Medicaid enrollees at risk for or living with HIV. Through a web survey, we received 138 valid responses from Medicaid-managed plan members who had received a COVID diagnosis. Participants’ mean age was 45.4 years (SD = 11.9) and most were non-Hispanic Black (43.5%) or Hispanic (39.1%). Almost thirty-two percent reported inadequate incomes and 77.5% were HIV-positive. In the overall population, the frequently reported symptoms included neck/back/low back pain, brain fog/difficulty concentrating, bone/joint pain, muscle aches, and fatigue. Findings indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the prevalence and intensity of PASC symptoms lasting 6 months or more between individuals living with and without HIV. Multiple regression analysis found that the number of PASC symptoms 6 months or longer was independently associated with inadequate incomes and comorbidities (cardiac problems, cancer, fibromyalgia) (R2 = .34). Those with inadequate incomes and comorbidities have more numerous PASC symptoms. Implications for health care delivery and long-term COVID services will be discussed.
Pharmacists’ perception about efficacy, safety, and quality of dietary supplements that used for rheumatic disorders in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market
Authors: Al-Hadi Ali Haidar , Mikhael Ehab Mudher
Published: July 2024

Rheumatic diseases are common progressive diseases that associated with chronic pain. Most patients seek to reduce the pain of these diseases by using dietary supplements (DS). Yet, most DS have limited benefits to reduce pain and/or disease progression. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of community pharmacists about the efficacy, safety, and quality of the DS for treatment of rheumatic diseases (DSTRD) in the Iraqi pharmaceutical market. A qualitative study was conducted during February-2023 through face-to-face interview with community pharmacists with ≥6 months of working experience. The interviews were guided through semi-structured open-ended questions. The interviews were recorded using iPhone-11. A hybrid framework-model was used to analyze the data. Interviews were performed with 20 pharmacists. Only 30% of pharmacists considered DSTRD to be effective, whereas 75% of them perceived DSTRD to be safe. One-quarter of the participants considered the quality of DSTRD to be good. All interviewed pharmacists reported that prescribing DSTRD become a common practice. Eleven participants reported that deals with pharmaceutical companies are the main trigger for prescribing DSTRD. Three-quarter of participating pharmacists mentioned that they educate their patient about the dispensed DSTRD. However, only 10% of them educate patients about the possible side effects and interactions of DSTRD. In conclusion, most of the participating pharmacists have doubts about the efficacy, safety, and quality of DSTRD in the Iraqi market. The prescribing of such products by physicians is common and usually triggered by deals with pharmaceutical companies. Pharmacist-education to the patient on these supplements is poor.
Harvest of waterfowl and Sandhill Crane in rural Alaska: Geographic and seasonal patterns
Authors: Naves Liliana C. , Schamber Jason L.
Published: July 2024

We estimated the annual harvest of waterfowl and Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis and their eggs by Alaska’s rural residents and described seasonal and geographic patterns. Subsistence in Alaska refers to patterns of resource use typical of rural, remote regions where Indigenous people are a high proportion of the population. Rural communities in Alaska rely on the legally-allowed spring-summer harvest of migratory birds for food and socio-cultural wellbeing, in addition to harvests in the fall-winter general hunting season. We based harvest estimates on a large dataset (637 community-years) composed from multiple sources. The estimated annual average harvest of waterfowl and Sandhill Crane by rural residents was 270,641 birds/year (68% in spring-summer, 32% in fall-winter) and 36,692 eggs/year in the 2004–2015 reference period. Harvest estimates for ducks, swans, and Sandhill Crane were lower than in the 1980s–1990s. Harvest amounts, seasonality, and species composition distinguished regional patterns for the Pacific-Aleutian mainland and islands, Bering Sea mainland, St. Lawrence-Diomede islands, North Slope, and Interior Alaska-Upper Copper River. Rural residents accounted for 79% of the total waterfowl harvest in Alaska and high proportions of the total Pacific Flyway harvest for several species of sea ducks, geese, swans, and Sandhill Crane. Alaska’s Indigenous people are important partners in harvest management and conservation of migratory birds. Harvest data are needed to inform efficient and appropriate decisions to achieve management goals. This study can facilitate collaboration for harvest management and conservation across Alaska and the flyways by helping diverse users to understand their contributions to the total harvest.
Health facilities readiness for standard precautions to infection prevention and control in Nepal: A secondary analysis of Nepal Health Facility Survey 2021
Authors: Adhikari Bikram , Tiwari Ishwar , Karki Sulata , Pandey Achyut Raj , K. C. Saugat Pratap , Lamichhane Bipul , Sharma Shreeman , Sapkota Suprich , Dulal Bishnu Prasad , Gautam Ghanshyam , Joshi Deepak , Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar , Baral Sushil Chandra
Published: July 2024

Background

Improvements in standard precaution related to infection prevention and control (IPC) at the national and local-level health facilities (HFs) are critical to ensuring patient’s safety, preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), mitigating Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), protecting health workers, and improving trust in HFs. This study aimed to assess HF’s readiness to implement standard precautions for IPC in Nepal.

Methods

This study conducted a secondary analysis of the nationally-representative Nepal Health Facility Survey (NHFS) 2021 data and used the Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) Manual from the World Health Organization (WHO) to examine the HF’s readiness to implement standard precautions for IPC. The readiness score for IPC was calculated for eight service delivery domains based on the availability of eight tracer items: guidelines for standard precautions, latex gloves, soap and running water or alcohol-based hand rub, single use of standard disposal or auto-disable syringes, disinfectant, safe final disposal of sharps, safe final disposal of infectious wastes, and appropriate storage of infectious waste. We used simple and multiple linear regression and quantile regression models to examine the association of HF’s readiness with their characteristics. Results were presented as beta (β) coefficients and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

The overall readiness scores of all HFs, federal/provincial hospitals, local HFs, and private hospitals were 59.9±15.6, 67.1±14.4, 59.6±15.6, and 62.6±15.5, respectively. Across all eight health service delivery domains, the HFs’ readiness for tuberculosis services was the lowest (57.8±20.0) and highest for delivery and newborn care services (67.1±15.6). The HFs performing quality assurance activities (β = 3.68; 95%CI: 1.84, 5.51), reviewing clients’ opinions (β = 6.66; 95%CI: 2.54, 10.77), and HFs with a monthly meeting (β = 3.28; 95%CI: 1.08, 5.49) had higher readiness scores. The HFs from Bagmati, Gandaki, Lumbini, Karnali and Sudurpaschim had readiness scores higher by 7.80 (95%CI: 5.24, 10.36), 7.73 (95%CI: 4.83, 10.62), 4.76 (95%CI: 2.00, 7.52), 9.40 (95%CI: 6.11, 12.68), and 3.77 (95%CI: 0.81, 6.74) compared to Koshi.

Conclusion

The readiness of HFs to implement standard precautions was higher in HFs with quality assurance activities, monthly HF meetings, and mechanisms for reviewing clients’ opinions. Emphasizing quality assurance activities, implementing client feedback mechanisms, and promoting effective management practices in HFs with poor readiness can help to enhance IPC efforts.
Design and characterization of hyperactive mutants of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens telomere resolvase, TelA
Authors: Huang Shu Hui , Abrametz Kayla , McGrath Siobhan L. , Kobryn Kerri
Published: July 2024

Telomere resolvases are a family of DNA cleavage and rejoining enzymes that produce linear DNAs terminated by hairpin telomeres from replicated intermediates in bacteria that possess linear replicons. The telomere resolvase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, TelA, has been examined at the structural and biochemical level. The N-terminal domain of TelA, while not required for telomere resolution, has been demonstrated to play an autoinhibitory role in telomere resolution, conferring divalent metal responsiveness on the reaction. The N-terminal domain also inhibits the competing reactions of hp telomere fusion and recombination between replicated telomere junctions. Due to the absence of the N-terminal domain from TelA/DNA co-crystal structures we produced an AlphaFold model of a TelA monomer. The AlphaFold model suggested the presence of two inhibitory interfaces; one between the N-terminal domain and the catalytic domain and a second interface between the C-terminal helix and the N-core domain of the protein. We produced mutant TelA’s designed to weaken these putative interfaces to test the validity of the modeled interfaces. While our analysis did not bear out the details of the predicted interfaces the model was, nonetheless, extremely useful in guiding design of mutations that, when combined, demonstrated an additive activation of TelA exceeding 250-fold. For some of these hyperactive mutants stimulation of telomere resolution has also been accompanied by activation of competing reactions. However, we have also characterized hyperactive TelA mutants that retain enough autoinhibition to suppress the competing reactions.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of porcine kidney
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Tan Xianglong , Li Mengyang , M. Wubuliaisan , Zeng Shangjian , Wu Yanqing
Published: July 2024

With the development of medical diagnosis and treatment, knowing the mechanical properties of living tissues becomes critical. The aim of this study was to investigation material properties of the fresh porcine kidney and the parametric characterization of its viscoelastic material behavior. The material investigation included uniaxial tension tests in different strain rates, relaxation tests, as well as hydrostatic compression tests on the samples extracted from the fresh porcine kidney cortex. Tension tests and relaxation tests were performed by a planar dog-bone specimen with a micron loading testing machine. Hydrostatic compression tests were performed on the kidney cylinder sample which was placed in a compression chamber. Furthermore, a nonlinear viscoelastic model recently proposed by us was employed to characterize the tension data at different strain rates and relaxation test data. The the experimental and numerical results show that the stress-strain relations of the porcine kidney cortex at different strain rates in tension are presented for the first time and a higher strain rate results in higher ultimate strength and initial Young modulus but a lower rupture strain. A damage-dependent visco-elastic model is employed to model the tension data at different strain rates and relaxation data and exhibits a good agreement with the experimental data, which also demonstrates that the damage has an obvious influence on the stress-strain relation. Through comparison with the existing reference covering the uniaxial compression data, it seems that the mechanical behavior of the porcine kidney cortex manifests a stress state-dependent mechanical behavior. The ultimate strength and rupture strain are larger in compression than that in tension.
Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus gene expression during proliferation in platelet concentrates with focus on virulence and platelet functionality
Authors: Yousuf Basit , Pasha Roya , Pineault Nicolas , Ramirez-Arcos Sandra
Published: July 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a well-documented bacterial contaminant in platelet concentrates (PCs), a blood component used to treat patients with platelet deficiencies. This bacterium can evade routine PC culture screening and cause septic transfusion reactions. Here, we investigated the gene expression modulation within the PC niche versus trypticase soy media (TSB) of S. aureus CBS2016-05, a strain isolated from a septic reaction, in comparison to PS/BAC/317/16/W, a strain identified during PC screening. RNA-seq analysis revealed upregulation of the capsule biosynthesis operon (capA-H), surface adhesion factors (sasADF), clumping factor A (clfA), protein A (spa), and anaerobic metabolism genes (pflAB, nrdDG) in CBS2016-05 when grown in PCs versus TSB, implying its enhanced pathogenicity in this milieu, in contrast to the PS/BAC/317/16/W strain. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of S. aureus CBS2016-05 on platelet functionality in spiked PCs versus non-spiked PC units. Flow cytometry analyses revealed a significant decrease in glycoprotein (GP) IIb (CD41) and GPIbα (CD42b) expression, alongside increased P-selectin (CD62P) and phosphatidylserine (annexin V) expression in spiked PCs compared to non-spiked PCs (p = 0.01). Moreover, spiked PCs exhibited a drastic reduction in MitoTrack Red FM and Calcein AM positive platelets (87.3% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.0001 and 95.4% vs. 24.7%, p = 0.0001) in a bacterial cell density manner. These results indicated that S. aureus CBS2016-05 triggers platelet activation and apoptosis, and compromises mitochondrial functionality and platelet viability, in contaminated PCs. Furthermore, this study enhanced our understanding of the effects of platelet-bacteria interactions in the unique PC niche, highlighting S. aureus increased pathogenicity and deleterious effect on platelet functionality in a strain specific manner. Our novel insights serve as a platform to improve PC transfusion safety.
Fibronectin induces a transition from amoeboid to a fan morphology and modifies migration in Entamoeba histolytica
Authors: Manich Maria , Bochet Pascal , Boquet-Pujadas Aleix , Rose Thierry , Laenen Gertjan , Guillén Nancy , Olivo-Marin Jean-Christophe , Labruyère Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Cell migration modes can vary, depending on a number of environmental and intracellular factors. The high motility of the pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica is a decisive factor in its ability to cross the human colonic barrier. We used quantitative live imaging techniques to study the migration of this parasite on fibronectin, a key tissue component. Entamoeba histolytica amoebae on fibronectin contain abundant podosome-like structures. By using a laminar flow chamber, we determined that the adhesion forces generated on fibronectin were twice those on non-coated glass. When migrating on fibronectin, elongated amoeboid cells converted into fan-shaped cells characterized by the presence of a dorsal column of F-actin and a broad cytoplasmic extension at the front. The fan shape depended on the Arp2/3 complex, and the amoebae moved laterally and more slowly. Intracellular measurements of physical variables related to fluid dynamics revealed that cytoplasmic pressure gradients were weaker within fan-shaped cells; hence, actomyosin motors might be less involved in driving the cell body forward. We also found that the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase regulated podosome dynamics. We conclude that E. histolytica spontaneously changes its migration mode as a function of the substrate composition. This adaptive ability might favour E. histolytica’s invasion of human colonic tissue. By combining microfluidic experiments, mechanical modelling, and image analysis, our work also introduces a computational pipeline for the study of cell migration.
Assessing the sustained effects of a water filter intervention: A 30-month longitudinal study in Rwamagana, Rwanda
Authors: Haque Sabrina S. , Kirby Miles A. , Iyakaremye Laurien , Gebremariam Alemayehu , Freeman Matthew C. , Chang Howard H. , Clasen Thomas
Published: July 2024

Household water treatment and safe storage interventions can improve microbiological water quality and reduce diarrheal disease in areas lacking access to safe water. However, with few studies evaluating effectiveness of interventions delivered programmatically for more than a year post-implementation, little is known about their sustainability. We aimed to assess the longer-term use and health effects of a household-based filter with a safe storage tank delivered through Rwanda’s Community based Environmental Health Promotion Programme (CBEHPP). We undertook a 30-month longitudinal study in Rwamagana district, following 608 households across 30 villages receiving the intervention. We conducted four unannounced follow-up visits and measured filter presence, condition and use as well as drinking water quality and child diarrhea prevalence approximately 6, 15, 24, and 30 months after the delivery of the intervention. Coverage of the water filter remained high throughout the follow-up period, with 94% of households observed to have the filter by the 30-month visit. Compared to the 6-month visit, the households with filters observed to be in good condition declined from 94.0% to 84.5% at the 30 month-visit. Reported use declined over this period from 96.9% to 84.3% of households, though presence of water in the storage tank of the filter fell from 81.4% to 59.4%. Fecal contamination of point-of-use drinking water did not get worse over the follow-ups compared to the 6-month visit. Child diarrhea prevalence in the study population varied over the follow up period, from 5.7% to 3.9%, 2.9% and 5.9% at 6, 15, 24 and 30 month visits, respectively. In summary, an intervention to promote uptake and use of water filters as part of the Rwandan national environmental health program was found to show that filters were still largely present, in good condition and in use after 30 months, meaning that the intervention effects were largely maintained.