bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
K-Means Clustering Application of Open ‎Unemployment in 2020 Caused by COVID-19 in West Java Province
Authors: Ardiansyah M. Ficky Haris , Amany Nurfatimah , Anugrah Cahya Ireno , Syafitri Utami Dyah
Published: June 2024

West Java was the province with the highest unemployed rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Significant increase of open ‎unemployment rate in West Java negatively impacts the national income. This study aims to apply the ‎clustering method using the k-means algorithm to determine priority clusters in West Java ‎Province by looking at the number of clusters in West Java’s city and the main characteristic of ‎each cluster. The clustering was conducted utilizing a k-means clustering algorithm which is grouping data based on similar ‎characteristics. The clustering results were evaluated using silhouette method. The results indicated that ‎two clusters were optimal. The clustering process using the k-means method showed that there were three clusters distinguishing the open unemployment rate during the pandemic in West Java Province in 2020. Cluster 1 ‎had a fairly low open unemployment rate due to the stalled service sector and low minimum city wage. ‎Cluster 2 had a high open unemployment rate due to the service sector and high minimum city wage. ‎Cluster 3 had medium open unemployment rate due to the service sector and also medium minimum city ‎wage. It suggests that cluster 2 is a priority cluster in dealing with the open unemployment rate.‎
Analyzing Tourist Satisfaction Using Factor Analysis and Text Mining: An Ecotourism Study in Girpasang Village
Authors: Kariyam  , Tasya Apriliana  , Nur Aulia Maknunah  , Hafis Muhammad Nizam  , Rizky Mardhatillah  , Nova Rahma Fatwa
Published: June 2024

In the second half of 2022, the tourism industry started recovering from the vast impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism is one of the most feasible sources of income for the small, rural village of Girpasang, situated at the heights of Mount Merapi. Tourist satisfaction has been attributed to the success of tourist destinations and is, therefore, a benchmark for their development. This study aimed to explain the factors that affected tourist satisfaction and other underlying aspects that call for improvement, using confirmatory factor analysis and text mining. The data used was collected from a total of 102 respondents at Girpasang Village within two days. The results showed that there were five common factors affecting tourist satisfaction: staff attitude, reliability of tourist facilities, comfort of tourist facilities, comprehensiveness of facilities provided, and tangible condition of the environment. Based on text mining results of tourist critics, it was found that access roads were the most profound complaint.
Hybrid MODWT-ARMA Model for Indonesia Stock Exchange LQ45 Index Forecasting
Authors: Hermansah
Published: June 2024

This research discussed a hybrid Maximal Overlap Discrete Wavelet Transform (MODWT)-Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) model by combining the MODWT and the ARMA models to deal with the nonstationary and long-range dependence (LRD) time series. Theoretically, the details series obtained by MODWT are stationary and short-range dependent (SRD). Then, the general form of the MODWT-ARMA model was derived. In the experimental study, the daily Indonesia stock exchange LQ45 index time series was used to assess the performance of the hybrid model. Finally, the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) comparison with DWT-ARMA, ARIMA, and exponential smoothing models indicates that this combined model effectively improves forecasting accuracy. Based on the result of the analysis, the score of MSE of the MODWT-ARMA model was 51.42533, the score of the DWT-ARMA model was 180.1799, the score of the ARIMA model was 168.7863, and the score of the exponential smoothing model was 168.7824. At the same time, the score of MAPE in the MODWT-ARMA model was 0.00580797, the score of the DWT-ARMA model was 0.01106721, the score of the ARIMA model was 0.01070074, and the score of the exponential smoothing model was 0.01069591.
Open-source-based Approach to Delineate the Shoreline from Space: A Case Study in Failaka Island, the State of Kuwait
Authors: Albanai Jasem
Published: June 2024

Researchers need to delineate the shoreline for different applications with no access to costly resources such as topographic maps and high-resolution satellite images. With the increase of open source data, this study aims to present a methodology to use open source data in the best possible way to map the shoreline. Several methods have been tested using open source remote sensing data (Landsat and Aster), such as supervised classification, unsupervised classification, manual mapping, and by applying some spectral indices, among others. The accuracy of the extracted shoreline data was verified using high-resolution open database images (such as Google Earth basemap). The results showed that the manually mapped shoreline through applying spectral index (green- near infrared/green+ near infrared) is the most accurate, although it remains important to modify it using high-resolution images of open databases. Open-source data showed acceptable accuracy in mapping the shoreline.
Impact of Oncogenic Changes in p53 and KRAS on Macropinocytosis and Ferroptosis in Colon Cancer Cells and Anticancer Efficacy of Niclosamide with Differential Effects on These Two Processes
Authors: Nguyen Nhi T. , Sennoune Souad R. , Dharmalingam-Nandagopal Gunadharini , Sivaprakasam Sathish , Bhutia Yangzom D. , Ganapathy Vadivel
Published: June 2024

Mutations in p53 and KRAS are seen in most cases of colon cancer. The impact of these mutations on signaling pathways related to cancer growth has been studied in depth, but relatively less is known on their effects on amino acid transporters in cancer cells. This represents a significant knowledge gap because amino acid nutrition in cancer cells profoundly influences macropinocytosis and ferroptosis, two processes with opposing effects on tumor growth. Here we used isogenic colon cancer cell lines to investigate the effects of p53 loss and KRAS activation on two amino acid transporters relevant to macropinocytosis (SLC38A5) and ferroptosis (SLC7A11). Our studies show that the predominant effect of p53 loss is to induce SLC7A11 with resultant potentiation of antioxidant machinery and protection of cancer cells from ferroptosis whereas KRAS activation induces not only SLC7A11 but also SLC38A5, thus offering protection from ferroptosis as well as improving amino acid nutrition in cancer cells via accelerated macropinocytosis. Niclosamide, an FDA-approved anti-helminthic, blocks the functions of SLC7A11 and SLC38A5, thus inducing ferroptosis and suppressing macropinocytosis with resultant effective reversal of tumor-promoting actions of oncogenic mutations in p53 and KRAS. These findings underscore the potential of this drug in colon cancer treatment.
Visualization and Quantification of Facemask Leakage Flows and Interpersonal Transmission with Varying Face Coverings
Authors: Si Xiuhua , Xi Jensen S. , Talaat Mohamed , Park Jay Hoon , Nagarajan Ramaswamy , Rein Michael , Xi Jinxiang
Published: June 2024

Although mask-wearing is now widespread, knowledge of how to quantify or improve its performance remains surprisingly limited and largely based on empirical evidence. The objective of this study was to visualize the expiratory airflows from facemasks and evaluate aerosol transmission between two persons. Different visualization methods were explored, including the Schlieren optical system, laser/LED-particle imaging system, thermal camera, and vapor-SarGel system. The leakage flows and escaped aerosols were quantified using a hotwire anemometer and a particle counter, respectively. The results show that mask-wearing reduces the exhaled flow velocity from 2~4 m/s (with no facemask) to around 0.1 m/s, thus decreasing droplet transmission speeds. Cloth, surgical, and KN95 masks showed varying leakage flows at the nose top, sides, and chin. The leakage rate also differed between inhalation and exhalation. The neck gaiter has low filtration efficiency and high leakage fractions, providing low protection efficiency. There was considerable deposition in the mouth-nose area, as well as the neck, chin, and jaw, which heightened the risk of self-inoculation through spontaneous face-touching. A face shield plus surgical mask greatly reduced droplets on the head, neck, and face, indicating that double face coverings can be highly effective when a single mask is insufficient. The vapor-SarGel system provided a practical approach to study interpersonal transmission under varying close contact scenarios or with different face coverings.
Awareness towards Colorectal Cancer Screening and the Association of Knowledge and Sociodemographics among Syrian Population in six different Governorates: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Alabed Ammer , Droubi Sami , Samha Raghad , Almansour Shahd , Alkhalil Majd , Latifeh Youssef
Published: June 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a weighty cause of mortality worldwide, with growing incidence in the Middle East. Understanding the level of awareness about CRC screening among the Syrian pop-ulation is crucial public health interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted from Sep-tember 22, 2023, to October 15, 2023, involving 928 participants from six major governorates in Syria. An online questionnaire containing socio-demographic, knowledge, and attitude sections was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were employed for data analysis using (SPSS) v28.0. The survey revealed a lack of awareness regarding CRC screening among the Syrian population, with only 499(53%) of the proportion demonstrating adequate knowledge about the disease and its screening methods. Significant associations were observed between the level of knowledge and socio-demographic factors including gender, work status, and economic status (p < 0.05). The findings emphasize the need for public health initiatives to enhance awareness and knowledge about CRC and its early screening methods in Syria. Education is essential for improving early detection and reducing the burden of colorectal cancer in the region. Efforts to increase public understanding of CRC screening are critical for reducing the incidence and mortality.
Comprehensive Insight on Regular Damped Oscillatory Structures from Effective Electromagnetic Form Factors Data of Some Mesons and Nucleons
Authors: Bartoš Erik , Dubnička Stanislav , Dubničková Anna Zuzana , Holka Lukáš , Liptaj Andrej
Published: June 2024

We investigate regular damped oscillatory structures appearing in the "effective" form factor of various hadrons. The behavior of this form factor can be extracted from the experimental information on total cross sections, the processes $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to h \bar h)$, $h=\pi^{\pm}, K^{\pm}, K^0, p, n $ are examined. The apparent oscillations have been observed for the first time for the proton and we show, taking also other hadrons into the consideration, that they are an arbitrary artifact resulting from a very simplistic theoretical description based on an elementary three-parametric model. If the data are described by a more appropriate and well physically funded U\&A model, then the oscillations disappear. In addition, if the simple model is used to describe the data, one observes that the oscillations are opposite for particles which form an isospin dublet. We show, by using the U\&A model, that this feature is explained by the transformation properties of the corresponding states in the isotopic space.
Safety and Immunogenicity of the Nonavalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine in Spanish Women Living with HIV
Authors: Hidalgo-Tenorio Maria del Carmen , Moya Raquel , Omar Mohamed , Muñoz Leopoldo , SamPedro Antonio , Lopez-Hidalgo Javier , Garcia-Vallecillos Coral , Gomez-Ronquillo Patricia
Published: June 2024

Background: The objectives were to evaluate: the safety and immunogenicity of nonavalent human papillomavirus (nHPV) vaccine in adult Spanish women living with HIV (WLHIV); the prevalence of anal and cervical dysplasia and nHPV vaccine genotypes in anus and cervix; and risk factors for high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection in anal mucosa. Methods In this single-center, open-arm, non-randomized clinical trial, nHPV vaccine was administered at 0, 2, and 6 months to WLHIV enrolled between February 2020 and November 2023, measuring vaccine antibody titers pre-vaccination and at 2, 6, and 7 months after the first dose. Cervical and anal cytology and HPV PCR genotyping studies were performed. Women with abnormal cytology and/or anal or cervical HPV infection at baseline underwent high-resolution anoscopy and/or colposcopy. Results: 122 participants were included with mean age of 49.6 years: 52.5% smoked; 10.7% had anal-genital condylomatosis; 38.5% infection by HR-HPV in anus and 25.4% in cervix, most frequently HPV-16; 19.1% had AIN1 and 3.1% CIN1 and CIN2. Vaccine administration did not modify viral-immunological status (CD4 [809±226.8 cells/uL vs. 792.35 ±349.95; p=0.357]) or plasma HIV load (3.38±4.41 vs. 1.62±2.55 cop/uL [log]; p=0.125). Anti-HPV antibodies ([IQR: 0-0] vs. 7.63 nm [IQR: 3.46-19.7]; p=0.0001) and seroconversion rate (8.2% vs. 96.7% [p=0.0001]) were increased at 7 versus 0 months. There were no severe vaccine-related adverse reactions; injection-site pain was reported by around half of participants. HR-HPV infection in anus was solely associated with concomitant cervix infection (HR 5.027; 95% CI: 1.009-25.042). Conclusions: nHPV vaccine in adult WLHIV is immunogenic and safe.
Improved Cold Tolerance in Brassica rapa: Functional Diversification of BrICE1 and BrICE2 Paralogs via CBF and ROS Scavenging Pathways, Balancing Growth and Defense
Authors: Wu Wangze , Yang Haobo , Xing Peng , Zhu Guoting , Han Xueyan , Min Guotai , Ding Haijun , Wu Guofan , Liu Zigang
Published: June 2024

Inducer of C-Repeat Binding Factor (CBF) expression (ICE), a well-known MYC-type bHLH transcription factor, plays a crucial role in the ICE-CBF-cold regulated (COR) cold signaling pathway. Brassica rapa (B. rapa), an important oilseed and vegetable crop, exhibits strong chilling and freezing tolerance. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which ICE1 functions in B. rapa remain unclear. Here, 41 ICE1 homologous genes were identified from six widely cultivated Brassica species using a bioinformatics approach. These genes exhibit high conservation but reveal evolutionary complexity between diploid and allotetraploid species. Low-temperature stress induced ICE1 homolog expression, with patterns differing between strong and weak cold-tolerant varieties. Two novel ICE1 paralogs, BrICE1 and BrICE2, were cloned from Longyou 6. They positively regulate cold tolerance in B. rapa via a CBF-dependent pathway, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenfging and osmotic adjustment. Immunoblot analysis revealed that low temperatures induce BrICE1 and BrICE2 degradation via the 26S-proteasome pathway. In summary, ICE1 exhibits complex evolutionary relationships in Brassica species. BrICE1 and BrICE2 positively regulate cold tolerance via the CBF-dependent pathway and ROS scavenging mechanism and are also responsible for balancing the development and cold defense of B. rapa.
Social Media as a Tool for Informal Spanish Learning: A Phenomenological Study of Chinese Students' Behavior in Spain
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Romero-Forteza Francesca
Published: June 2024

: This study explores the perceptions of Chinese learners in Spain regarding the use of social networks for informal Spanish language learning. The objective is to identify the challenges and benefits of using social networks to address the real needs of students in learning Spanish. A qualitative phenomenological approach was adopted, focusing on participants’ perceptions before and after using social networks. Eight Chinese students were selected for the study. The study was conducted in Valencia and Barcelona, Spain, from 1 September 2023 to 20 March 2024, and three commonly used social media networks were compared. The results indicate positive perceptions towards social media as a tool for learning Spanish, highlighting its usefulness in improving language skills and enhancing cultural awareness. Additionally, Xiaohongshu and Bilibili emerged as the most popular platforms for Spanish language learning among Chinese students. This study concludes that social media effectively meets the authentic needs of Chinese students learning Spanish in Spain, enhancing both language skills and cultural adaptation. This multifaceted approach reflects the complexity of learning Spanish in the digital age, combining personal passion, professional aspirations, and cultural adaptation needs.
Advancing Vaccinology Capacity: Education and Efforts in Vaccine Development and Manufacturing across Africa
Authors: Sinumvayo Jean Paul , Munezero Pierre Celestin , Tope Adegboyega Taofeek , Adeyemo Rasheed Omotayo , Bale Muritala Issa , Nyandwi Jean Baptiste , Vetja Haakuria , Mutesa Leon , Adedeji Ahmed Adebowale
Published: June 2024

Africa, home to the world's second-largest population of approximately 1.3 billion, grapples with significant challenges in meeting its medical needs, particularly in accessing quality healthcare services and products. The continent faces a continuous onslaught of emerging infectious diseases, exacerbating the strain on its already fragile public health infrastructure. The emergence of SARS-Cov2 has further exposed the deficiencies in Africa's public health response, ranging from limited diagnostic capabilities to difficulties in vaccine distribution. Compounding these challenges is vaccine hesitancy, which is prevalent in many regions due to varying levels of understanding and trust regarding vaccines. The disparities in vaccine literacy across the continent stem from a complex interplay of factors, including low literacy rates and a history of medical exploitation and misinformation campaigns. These factors have led to a pervasive distrust in medical institutions and healthcare providers among certain African communities. Despite concerted efforts by national governments, private entities, and international partners to address these challenges and improve vaccine literacy, significant hurdles persist. This manuscript examines the current state of education in vaccinology and related sciences in Africa, as well as the continent's efforts to address educational needs in vaccine development and manufacturing. It evaluates initiatives aimed at strengthening vaccine education and literacy, highlighting successful approaches and ongoing challenges. By assessing the progress made and identifying remaining obstacles, this review offers insights into how Africa can enhance its capacity in vaccinology and accelerate its contributions to global health security.
Simultaneous Determination of Epirubicin, Olaparib and Ribociclib in Human Serum by SPE-LC-MS
Authors: Croitoru Octavian , Popescu Monica Denisa Elena , Manda Costel-Valentin , Calucică Daniela Maria , Neamțu Johny , Biță Andrei , Găman Amelia Maria , Neamțu Simona-Daniela
Published: June 2024

Epirubicin, olaparib and ribociclib are three anti-tumoral molecules currently used in cancer therapy. Since serum levels of these drugs reveal a large inter-individual variability, validation of a fast, simple and reliable analytical method for quantitative determination of these molecules in human serum, with Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) purposes would be necessary. Papers in literature describe separation, identification and quantitation of the drugs in pharmaceutical formulas and biological matrices. The large majority of these approaches use protein precipitation for sample pre-treatment, followed by LC separation and tandem-mass-spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. We propose an alternative method using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) with Oasis PRiME HLB® cartridges followed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a C18 (4.6 × 50 mm) column. A gradient mobile phase with 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile was utilized. MS detection in single ion recording (SIR) mode was employed. A 13-minutes run-time analysis, including column re-equilibration was assessed. Data for all molecules were validated according to ICH Guidelines. Calibration curves for all analytes were linear with correlation coefficient larger than 0.997. Values for precision were less than 6%. The method was applied on serum samples from patients up-taking the drugs, proving its suitability in TDM assisted adjustment of doses in therapy.
Quality of Life and Body Image in Para-Athletes: A Perception of Swimmers Who are Members of Paraprolim
Authors: Clerc Michelle , Monteiro Luciana , Ghayebzadeh Shahrouz , Mataruna-dos-Santos Leonardo , Figueiredo da Silva Carlos Alberto
Published: June 2024

This study explores the impact of regular physical exercise on the quality of life and body image among Para-athletes, emphasizing the necessity of such activities for physical, social, and psychological health. This qualitative study employs content analysis and ethnomethodology to evaluate seven Para-athletes from the Navy's Paralympic Project, using focus group interviews to assess their perceptions. The findings reveal that participation in structured sports programs positively influences body image and quality of life, leading to improved performance in training, social interactions, and competitive events. The analysis suggests that motivation and self-esteem are fundamental to the sporting success of Paralympic athletes. Both external and internal motivations are crucial for sustaining athletic careers and overcoming challenges. Self-esteem enables athletes to remain confident in their abilities, even after setbacks.
Delving into the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Reynolds Samantha
Published: June 2024

This qualitative research explores the adoption of blockchain technology in supply chain management, aiming to understand the drivers, barriers, and implications associated with its integration. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, insights are gathered from key stakeholders in the supply chain ecosystem. The findings reveal a complex landscape, with stakeholders recognizing blockchain's potential to enhance transparency, efficiency, and trust while acknowledging challenges related to technical complexities, regulatory uncertainties, and organizational barriers. Despite these challenges, participants express optimism about blockchain's transformative potential, citing opportunities for improved traceability, supply chain resilience, and sustainability. Collaboration, governance, and ecosystem development emerge as critical factors for driving blockchain adoption within supply chains, alongside the need for continuous education and capacity-building initiatives. Overall, the study underscores the importance of addressing challenges and fostering a culture of innovation and collaboration to unlock the full potential of blockchain-enabled supply chains.
Perioperative Takotsubo Stress Cardiomyopathy During Endoscopic Spinal Surgery
Authors: Ved Yash Prakash , Sharan Sudhir , Bandebuche Ajinkya , Ram Sri Hari , Rathod Aravind , Keshan Rahul
Published: June 2024

Case:

A 37-year-old man American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1 patient with lumbar canal stenosis at the L4-L5 level underwent endoscopic decompression. Toward the end of the procedure, the patient developed sudden-onset bradycardia, followed by ventricular arrhythmia and acute pulmonary edema. The patient was successfully managed with resuscitation and supportive management and recovered uneventfully thereafter. A diagnosis of perioperative stress cardiomyopathy was subsequently made after evaluation of the patient.

Conclusion:

The possibility of takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be considered in cases of acute perioperative cardiac decompensation and pulmonary edema in patients undergoing spinal surgery.
Implementation of the EAR Method in Detecting Drowsiness in Vehicle Drivers
Authors: Suryowinoto Andy , Rohman Ainur , Pambudi Wahyu Setyo
Published: June 2024

Based on data from Polda Metro Jaya Traffic Sector, the number of traffic accidents throughout 2020 was 7,565. With a factor of 1,018 drowsy drivers or 13% of the total incidents. A solution is needed for that. The aim of this research is to calculate the average value of the duration of detection time and the number of flashes per minute, by knowing when the driver is drowsy or not drowsy. The method used is Eye Aspect Ratio (EAR), where the driver will be detected whether he is sleepy or not, by analyzing the parameters of the number of blinks per minute and the duration of the blinks. If the eyes are open (EAR value) less than 0.45 and more than or equal to 3 seconds in one blink, it is categorized as sleepy. Tests were carried out on lighting, namely: morning, afternoon, evening and night light. Test results in daylight and evening light conditions with a light intensity value of 78 lux mean the duration of drowsiness detection is 3.26 seconds and the difference in time duration with the reference theory is 0.26 seconds. Meanwhile, for night light with a light intensity value of 15 lux, the average duration of drowsiness detection is 4.04 seconds and the difference in time duration with the reference theory is 1.04 seconds. Meanwhile, the number of blinks per minute when you are sleepy is 5-8 blinks/minute and when you are not sleepy it is 13-17 blinks/minute, for morning, afternoon, evening and night light conditions. It can be concluded that overall, this system can work well for day and evening and night light conditions.
Molecular Detection of Coronavirus and Paramyxovirus in Phyllostimid Bat Communities From Ecuador’s Northwestern Chocoan Forests
Authors: Acosta-López Camila , Bustamante Jonathan , Gavilanez Maria Mercedes
Published: June 2024

Bats are important reservoirs for pathogenic viruses. Amidst rising human-wildlife interactions, the risk of potential spillover of zoonotic diseases escalates. We aimed to identify Coronavirus and Paramyxovirus in bat saliva samples for species inhabiting Ecuador’s northwestern Choco region. Sampling was undertaken at FCAT reserve in the Esmeraldas province in November 2022. A total of 123 samples from individuals appertaining 20 species, were analyzed using RT-PCR. We recorded 28 positive cases for paramyxovirus, 18 for coronavirus and four co-infections. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing zoonotic surveillance and establishing viral diversity monitoring strategies.
WITHDRAWN: Anal Fistula with Multiple External Openings: A Case Report Successful Treatment Through Fistulectomy and Sphincteroplasty Integration “Case Report”
Authors: Nawalkar Parag , Attar Mohd Azharuddin Azim , Kapoor Vaibhav , Khurana Sushant
Published: June 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Analysis of monoclonal antibodies to establish a universal IVRP method suitable for identifying quadrivalent HPV vaccines that can replace in vivo efficacy tests
Authors: Huang Weijin , Hu Jinpan , Jia Zijing , Wang Meng , Nie Lingling , Fu Wangjun , Zhang Qingfeng , Qin Haiyang , Nie Jianhui , Xu Xiaoyu , Xu Lingjie , Wang Fengze , Chen Yingping , Xing Bo , Li Tao , Li Danfeng , Li Shaowei , Xia Ning-Shao , Wang Xiangxi
Published: June 2024

Decades of human papillomavirus (HPV) L1-based virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, produced using diverse expression systems and production processes, are in development to meet future global vaccination needs. Type-specific monoclonal antibodies with good reactivity to all types of vaccines are urgently needed to evaluate vaccine efficacy. In this study, binding activity, neutralizing activity, conformational sensitivity, immunodominance in human serum, and versatility were compared among antibodies. A broad-spectrum binding antibody (F5-127) was selected as the capture antibody; four type-specific neutralizing antibodies (F5-77, F5-187, F5-196, and F5-203) were selected as detection antibodies for HPV6, 11, 16, and 18, respectively. These antibodies formed a standardized and universal in vitro relative potency (IVRP) assay kit useful for all quadrivalent HPV vaccines. High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of HPV6-F5-77, HPV11-F5-187, HPV16-F5-196 and HPV18-F5-203 complexes define the location and nature of epitopes, revealing serotype specific binding modes and neutralization mechanisms. These four antibodies target regions which exhibit structural plasticity within the L1 pentamer, rather than quaternary sites constructed by particle formation, conferring conformational sensitivity and reactive universality, pre-requisites as IVRP candidate antibodies. The IVRP results were correlated with efficacy data from mouse models, demonstrating the kit’s sensitivity in detecting the degree of heat-accelerated destruction. Therefore, the IVRP method established in this study offers an efficient alternative to in vivo efficacy experiments for future vaccines.
A Hybrid Model Combining Depthwise Separable Convolutions and Vision Transformers for Traffic Sign Classification Under Challenging Weather Conditions.
Authors: Parse Milind Vijay , Pramod Dhanya , Kumar Deepak
Published: June 2024

This research presents a novel deep-learning framework designed for traffic sign image classification under adverse conditions, including rain, shadows, haze, codec errors, and dirty lenses. To effectively balance accuracy and training parameters, the approach combines depthwise and pointwise convolutions, often referred to as depthwise separable convolutions, with a Vision Transformer (ViT) for subsequent feature extraction. The framework's initial block comprises two pairs of depthwise and pointwise convolutional layers followed by a normalization layer. Depthwise convolution is responsible for processing each input channel independently and applying separate filters to each channel, thereby reducing computational cost and parameters while maintaining spatial structure. Pointwise convolutional layers combine information from different channels, fostering complex feature interactions and non-linearities. Batch normalization is used for training stability. At the end of the initial block, the max pooling layer is used to enhance and downsample spatial dimensions. The architecture repeats four times, preserving crucial information through skip connections. To extract global context information, inter-block skip connections and global average pooling (GAP) are employed for dimensionality reduction while retaining vital information. Integration of the ViT model in the final layers captures far-reaching dependencies and relations in the feature maps. The framework concludes with two fully connected layers, a bottleneck layer with 1024 neurons and a second layer using softmax activation to generate a probability distribution over 14 classes. The proposed framework, combining convolution blocks and skip connections with precisely tuned ViT hyperparameters, enhances model performance and achieves an exceptional validation accuracy of 99.3%.
Communication skills of medical interpreters: a qualitative explanatory study of healthcare professionals’ and medical interpreters’ perceptions
Authors: Ono Naoko , Yang Jinghua
Published: June 2024

Background
Medical interpreters support communication between medical professionals and foreign patients. However, the communication skills required of medical interpreters in the field are currently unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate what medical professionals and medical interpreters consider to be most important communication skills of medical interpreters, and whether there are differences in perceptions between medical professionals and medical interpreters.
Methods
From December 2023 to February 2024, we interviewed 10 medical professionals and medical interpreters (five medical professionals and five medical interpreters) working throughout Japan and in other countries. The narratives collected in the interviews were analyzed and evaluated in a conceptual framework.
Results
Healthcare professionals and medical interpreters exhibited differences in perceptions regarding the most important communication skills for medical interpreters. The narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters regarding medical interpreters’ communication skills were divided into a 2 × 2 grid consisting of four quadrants with two axes (intervention and perspective). Regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters, medical professionals were primarily concerned with the transmission of medical information, and felt that it was necessary for interpreters to understand medical professionals’ perspectives and what they wanted to say in order to convey it accurately. In contrast, medical interpreters emphasized the importance of empathy and communication skills for respecting the other person and understanding the other person’s opinion and perspective. Additionally, to understand the patient’s perspective, medical interpreters reported that it was important to understand the cultural background of the patient, and to maintain good relationships with all of the people around the patient.
Conclusions
We explored the communication skills of medical interpreters, and the characteristics of the perceptions and narratives of medical professionals and medical interpreters. Narratives regarding the communication skills of medical interpreters were divided into two axes (intervention and perspective) and presented as a 2 × 2 grid with four quadrants. The results of our study suggested that medical interpreters should actively intervene in interpretation situations involving foreign patients.
The epidemiology of salivary glands pathologies in adult population of Armenia: Retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Misakyan Martin S. , Poghosyan Anna Yu. , Poghosyan Yuri M. , Papikyan Arthur V. , Sepyan Areg V. , Sargsyan Suyzi A. , Karapetyan Gor A. , Tadevosyan Artashes E. , Bablumyan Aren Yu. , Minasyan Armen M. , Muradyan Armen A.
Published: June 2024

Background
The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the incidence, frequency, distribution, and demographics of different types of non-neoplastic and neoplastic salivary gland pathologies in the adult population in Armenia from 2017 to 2022.
Methods
A multicenter retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study of salivary gland pathologies (SGPs) in adults diagnosed in Armenia in 2017–2022 was conducted. Data on age, sex, date of referral, diagnosis, radiology and histological findings and treatment methods were extracted. The TNM malignant tumor classification was used for staging assessment.
Results
Over the observed six years, there was an increase in the incidence of SGPs. A significantly higher proportion of males than females were observed in the salivary gland nonneoplastic disease (NND) group (74.8% vs. 25.2%, respectively). A male predominance was also observed in the benign salivary gland tumor (BSGT) group (56.9% vs. 43.1%), and a female predominance of approximately 2:1 was observed in the malignant salivary gland tumor (MSGT) group. Sialolithiasis was the main pathology associated with hospitalization and accounted for 79.6% of NNDs. The parotid gland was the most common anatomical location for benign salivary gland tumors. The highest prevalence of BSGT was observed in patients aged 51–70 years. Among the BSGTs, 41.7% were parotid gland pleomorphic adenomas, and 36.1% were Wartin tumors. The highest prevalence of MSGT was observed in the 61- to 70-year-old age group. The parotid gland was the most common anatomical location for malignant salivary gland tumors (69.8%). Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CExPA) and adenocarcinoma are the most common types of salivary gland malignancies in the Armenian population. Almost all patients with MSGT were admitted with stage T2 or greater, and in most cases, lymph node metastatic involvement was present.
Conclusions
Sialolithiasis was the most common diagnosis of hospitalization in the Armenian population. The incidence of MSGT increases with age. Family physicians can play an important role in the early diagnosis and management of SGTs. The implementation of compulsory medical insurance and prompt recognition and treatment of salivary gland neoplastic lesions could prevent the development of neglected cases and reduce treatment costs.
Trial registration:
not applicable
ChatGPT as a Digital Co-Educator: Promoting Students' Responsible and Ethical Use of OpenAI tools in Educational Contexts
Authors: Habiba Umme Habiba , Partho Partho Protim Biswas
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate and expound upon the use of ChatGPT by Bangladeshi university students, with a particular emphasis on its goals, perceptions, benefits, and values of responsible and ethical use. The study used a quantitative approach, collecting information using both paper and online surveys. The researchers used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) techniques with SmartPLS-4 software. The validity and reliability of the items were determined by rigorous testing of the instruments prior to analysis. SEM studies were then carried out to evaluate the suggested hypothesis. The findings showed that how students view ChatGPT is crucial in determining how they use it and what advantages it offers. Perceptions of ChatGPT, usage goals, benefits, and adherence to ethical and responsible use, according to data analysis, continued to be statistically significant. All hypotheses were supported by path analysis, with the exception of two hypotheses, which indicated that ChatGPT had a major impact on students' worries. As a limitation the research's drawback stems from its narrow focus, having been conducted with a limited number of participants despite the extensive size of the target population of university students in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the exclusion of certain universities was necessitated by logistical constraints and time limitations. Consequently, the findings are portrayed as a mere glimpse of a larger phenomenon akin to viewing a vast landscape through a small window. This study emphasizes how crucial it is for Bangladeshi students to use ChatGPT responsibly and ethically, especially in educational settings. Results showed that students use ChatGPT mostly to improve their conceptual grasp, which is consistent with earlier studies showing that AI can help with comprehension.
Participant and trial characteristics reported in predictive analyses of trial attrition: An umbrella review of systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials across multiple conditions
Authors: McChrystal Ryan , Lees Jennifer , Gillies Katie , McAllister David , Hanlon Peter
Published: June 2024

Background
Trial attrition poses several risks for the validity of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). To better understand attrition, studies have explored and identified predictors among participant and trial characteristics. Reviews of these have so far been limited to single conditions. We performed an umbrella review to explore which participant and trial characteristics are reported in predictive analyses of trial attrition in systematic reviews of RCTs across multiple conditions.
Methods
We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and the Online Resource for Research in Clinical TriAls for systematic reviews of RCTs that evaluated associations between participant/trial characteristics and attrition. We included quantitative systematic reviews of adult populations that evaluated any participant/trial characteristic and any attrition outcome. Review quality was appraised using R-AMSTAR. A review-level narrative synthesis was conducted.
Results
We identified 88 reviews of RCTs evaluating characteristics associated with attrition. Included reviews encompassed 33 different conditions. Over half (50/88, 56.8%) were of RCTs for psychological conditions. All but one examined trial characteristics (87/88, 98.9%) and fewer than half (42/88, 47.7%) evaluated participant characteristics. Reviews typically reported on participant age (33/42, 78.6%), sex (29/42, 69.1%) and the type (13/42, 31%) or severity (10/42, 23.8%) of an index condition. Trial characteristics typically reported on were intervention type (56/87, 64.4%), intervention frequency/intensity (29/87, 33.3%), intervention delivery/format (26/87, 29.9%), trial duration (16/87, 18.4%), publication/reporting year (15/87, 17.2%) and sample size (15/87, 31.9%). Retention strategies were rarely reported (2/87, 2.3%). No characteristic was examined for every condition. Some reviews of certain conditions found that age (12/33, 36.4%), intervention type (29/56, 51.8%) and trial duration (9/16, 56.3%) were associated with attrition, but no characteristic was reportedly associated across multiple conditions.
Conclusions
Across conditions, reviews conducting predictive analyses of attrition in RCTs typically report on several characteristics. These are participant age, sex and the type or severity of index condition, as well as the type, frequency or intensity and delivery or format of a trial intervention, trial duration, publication/reporting year and sample size. Future studies should consider exploring these characteristics as a core set when evaluating predictive factors of attrition in RCTs across multiple conditions.
Registration
PROSPERO: CRD42023398276
A Proposal for Integrated Mobility Planning in Parandur, Chennai
Authors: Rauniyar Abishek , Nakrani Rinkal Kishor , Indhu B , Priya.R Harini
Published: June 2024

The poor connectivity from one mode of transportation to another results in discomfort, time delays, and an increase in transportation costs. This project aims to provide a comprehensive mobility plan based on land use maps and parametric data collection for the problem faced. In this paper, a proposal is presented for Integrated mobility planning in Parandur, Kanchipuram site selected by the government for construction of new airport, focusing on green spaces at roundabout intersections as integral parts of larger landscape systems, creating green infrastructure. The integrated mobility plan is developed using various software which is used for land use mapping, locating existing transportation systems, and developing plan. It will explore how integrated mobility planning can be improved through a holistic approach, considering the different modes of transport and their interconnections, and identifying ways to make integrated mobility planning more accessible and sustainable. As a result, the schematic integrated mobility for Parandur is developed by optimizing the problems faced by the commuters. This study can help the government and stakeholders with decision-making for implementing integrated mobility planning, to promote equitable access to commuters with better transportation services.
Left Ventricular Geometric Patterns and Systolic Myocardial Performance in Nigerian Children with Homozygous Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Peter Igoche David , Asani Mustafa O. , Abdullahi Shehu U , Aliyu Ibrahim , Chinawa Josephat M. , Obaro Stephen K. , Bode-Thomas Fidelia
Published: June 2024

Background: Cardiac complications contribute significantly to morbidity in children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Little is known about the geometry and contractile function of the left ventricle (LV) of affected children in sub-Saharan Africa, which has the greatest burden of thisdisease.
Objective: To compare the LV systolic function of children with SCA in the steady state with that of matched haemoglobin AA controls.
Methods: Clinical, laboratory and LV M-mode echocardiographic parameters of 120 steady-state SCA patients aged 3-14 years were compared with those of matched Hb AA controls. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 22 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).
Results: The median ejection fraction of 62.00 (IQR=55.0-67.0) for the subjects was significantly less than that of 68.00 (IQR=65.8-73.0) for the controls (p< 0.001) and correlated negatively with age (ρ=-0.25, p= 0.006), BSA (ρ=-0.24, p= 0.008), systolic BP (ρ=-0.23, p=0.022), and diastolic BP (ρ=-0.31, p=0.002). Left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) was present in 27% of the SCA patients but only in 1% of the controls (χ² = 26.5, p< 0.001). The odds of having LVSD decreased by 0.9 for every 1% increase in HbF level (CI= 0.82-0.99, p= 0.03). Abnormal LV geometry, detected in 52% of the subjects, was associated with the presence of LVSD (Fisher’s exact test, p< 0.001). The odds of having abnormal LV geometry decreased by 0.5 for every 1 g increase in Hb level (CI=0.27-0.87, p=0.02).
Conclusions: LVSD is more common in SCA patients than in controls and is less likely to occur in patients with higher HbF levels. Approximately one in every two children with SCA have abnormal LV geometry, which is less likely to occur at higher Hb levels.
Signalment of dogs and histopathological features of subcutaneous and cutaneous mast cell tumors
Authors: Minnoye Stella , De Vos Shana , Beck Samuel , Duchateau Luc , Hubers Mike , David Sieglinde , Fortrie Ruth , de Rooster Hilde
Published: June 2024

Background
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin neoplasms in dogs. In the past, the distinction between cutaneous MCTs (cMCTs), originating from the dermis, and subcutaneous MCTs (scMCTs), originating from the subcutaneous tissue, was not made. Histopathological differentiation, including grading, is important for prognostication. However, the Patnaik and Kiupel grading systems were proposed for cMCTs only. The objective of our study was to describe and compare the signalment of dogs with scMCTs and cMCTs and histopathological features, anticipating similarities in both groups. Data of dogs histologically diagnosed with scMCTs or cMCTs between September 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Signalment, tumor location, histopathological features, completeness of removal and lymph node status were recorded.
Results
Data on 305 scMCTs and 1291 cMCTs were collected. Mitotic count (MC) was not different between scMCTs (1.63) and cMCTs (1.58) (P = 0.8490). Compared to cMCTs, scMCTs more often had anisokaryosis, bizarre nuclei and multinucleation. Kiupel high grade was more often assigned to scMCTs (51/292, 17.5%) than cMCTs (154/1291, 11.9%) (P = 0.009). The odds of MCTs being assigned a high grade in scMCT was 1.578 higher than in cMCTs (95% confidence interval [1.116–2.232]).
Conclusions
Breed distribution was different for scMCTs and cMCTs. Histopathological differences between scMCTs and cMCTs were observed. A Kiupel high grade was more often assigned to scMCTs than cMCTs. Whether these histopathological findings correlate with clinical outcome has to be established in additional studies.