bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Orthokine Therapy: Retrospective Analysis of 1000 Cases
Authors: Godek Piotr , Szajkowski Sebastian , Golicki Dominik
Published: May 2020

Background. Osteoarthritis is a global health problem. Approaches to symptomatic treatment of its consequences in­clude biological methods, including autologous serum. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Orthokine therapy in our experience. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of 1000 cases. The results were evaluated on a modified McNab scale (A – excellent, B – good, C – fair, D – poor) two and six months after the end of therapy. The effectiveness of the therapy was estimated as the percentage of satisfactory (A or B) or unsatisfactory (C or D) results. Results. Osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine (n = 400) and knee joint (n = 219) was the most common diagnosis. The highest percentage of patients with a grade A or B result after 6 months was seen with therapy of tennis elbow enthesopathy (88.2%), rotator cuff tendinopathy (72.0%), Achilles tendon tendinopathy (75.0%) and in the early stages of osteoarthritis of the knee (75.9%) and small joints of the hand (77.0%). For cervical and lumbar discopathy, treatment efficacy was at 56.0-62.0% regardless of the size of the hernia. Unsatisfactory results (C and D) predominated in the group of patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (66.1%), wrist osteoarthritis (66.7%), and especially in late-stage hip osteoarthritis (85.3 %). For the largest groups, the frequency of unsatisfactory results was analyzed for selected age ranges. A significant increase in this parameter in subjects over 75 years of age was only seen in patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Conclusions. 1. Orthokine therapy is highly effective in cases of tendinopathy, enthesopathy, osteoarthritis of the small joints of the hand and in early stages of knee osteoarthritis. 2. Satisfactory results are achieved in the treatment of cervical and lumbar discopathy, while unsatisfactory results prevail in severe degenerative changes in the knee and hip joints and in spinal canal stenosis.
Overuse of Diagnostic Brain Imaging Among Patients With Stage IA Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Milligan Michael G. , Cronin Angel M. , Colson Yolonda , Kehl Kenneth , Yeboa Debra N. , Schrag Deborah , Chen Aileen B.
Published: May 2020

Background: Among patients diagnosed with stage IA non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the incidence of occult brain metastasis is low, and several professional societies recommend against brain imaging for staging purposes. The goal of this study was to characterize the use of brain imaging among Medicare patients diagnosed with stage IA NSCLC. Methods: Using data from linked SEER-Medicare claims, we identified patients diagnosed with AJCC 8th edition stage IA NSCLC in 2004 through 2013. Patients were classified as having received brain imaging if they underwent head CT or brain MRI from 1 month before to 3 months after diagnosis. We identified factors associated with receipt of brain imaging using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Among 13,809 patients with stage IA NSCLC, 3,417 (25%) underwent brain imaging at time of diagnosis. The rate of brain imaging increased over time, from 23.5% in 2004 to 28.7% in 2013 (P=.0006). There was significant variation in the use of brain imaging across hospital service areas, with rates ranging from 0% to 64.0%. Factors associated with a greater likelihood of brain imaging included older age (odds ratios [ORs] of 1.16 for 70–74 years, 1.13 for 75–79 years, 1.31 for 80–84 years, and 1.46 for ≥85 years compared with 65–69 years; all P<.05), female sex (OR, 1.09; P<.05), black race (OR 1.23; P<.05), larger tumor size (ORs of 1.23 for 11–20 mm and 1.28 for 21–30 mm tumors vs 1–10 mm tumors; all P<.05), and higher modified Charlson-Deyo comorbidity score (OR, 1.28 for score >1 vs score of 0; P<.05). Conclusions: Roughly 1 in 4 patients with stage IA NSCLC received brain imaging at the time of diagnosis despite national recommendations against the practice. Although several patient factors are associated with receipt of brain imaging, there is significant geographic variation across the United States. Closer adherence to clinical guidelines is likely to result in more cost-effective care.
Pilot Randomized Trial of a Transdisciplinary Geriatric and Palliative Care Intervention for Older Adults With Cancer
Authors: Nipp Ryan D. , Temel Brandon , Fuh Charn-Xin , Kay Paul , Landay Sophia , Lage Daniel , Franco-Garcia Esteban , Scott Erin , Stevens Erin , O’Malley Terrence , Mohile Supriya , Dale William , Traeger Lara , Jackson Vicki , Greer Joseph A. , El-Jawahri Areej , Temel Jennifer S.
Published: May 2020

Background: Oncologists often struggle with managing the unique care needs of older adults with cancer. This study sought to determine the feasibility of delivering a transdisciplinary intervention targeting the geriatric-specific (physical function and comorbidity) and palliative care (symptoms and prognostic understanding) needs of older adults with advanced cancer. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years with incurable gastrointestinal or lung cancer were randomly assigned to a transdisciplinary intervention or usual care. Those in the intervention arm received 2 visits with a geriatrician, who addressed patients’ palliative care needs and conducted a geriatric assessment. We predefined the intervention as feasible if >70% of eligible patients enrolled in the study and >75% of eligible patients completed study visits and surveys. At baseline and week 12, we assessed patients’ quality of life (QoL), symptoms, and communication confidence. We calculated mean change scores in outcomes and estimated intervention effect sizes (ES; Cohen’s d) for changes from baseline to week 12, with 0.2 indicating a small effect, 0.5 a medium effect, and 0.8 a large effect. Results: From February 2017 through June 2018, we randomized 62 patients (55.9% enrollment rate [most common reason for refusal was feeling too ill]; median age, 72.3 years; cancer types: 56.5% gastrointestinal, 43.5% lung). Among intervention patients, 82.1% attended the first visit and 79.6% attended both. Overall, 89.7% completed all study surveys. Compared with usual care, intervention patients had less QoL decrement (–0.77 vs –3.84; ES = 0.21), reduced number of moderate/severe symptoms (–0.69 vs +1.04; ES = 0.58), and improved communication confidence (+1.06 vs –0.80; ES = 0.38). Conclusions: In this pilot trial, enrollment exceeded 55%, and >75% of enrollees completed all study visits and surveys. The transdisciplinary intervention targeting older patients’ unique care needs showed encouraging ES estimates for enhancing patients’ QoL, symptom burden, and communication confidence.
Eligibility Criteria for Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Authors: Kanate Abraham S. , Perales Miguel-Angel , Hamadani Mehdi
Published: May 2020

Eligibility assessment of a potential candidate for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is a complex yet vital component of pretransplant evaluation. Although no formal standardized consensus exists to guide this process, transplant centers follow institutional standard operating procedures and parameters to approve candidacy of an individual patient. Consideration for allo-HCT is dependent on a myriad of interrelated factors, including disease-related (eg, appropriate indication, disease status, prior therapies), patient-related (eg, age, functional status, frailty, comorbidities), psychosocial, and economic factors. A multidisciplinary approach is optimal for patient selection and requires the efforts of transplant coordinators, nurses, advanced practice providers, social workers, psychologists, financial specialists, and physicians. This article reviews the data and provides general guidelines that may be used in making an informed decision when evaluating a prospective candidate for allo-HCT. These recommendations are based on published data, expert commentary, reviews, and institutional practices. In the end, the eligibility assessment and decision to consider allo-HCT as the optimal choice of treatment for an individual patient are truly as much an “art” as it is the “science” of medicine, encompassing a multidisciplinary approach to minimize harm without compromising the curative potential—all essential doctrines of the Hippocratic Oath.
Remarks on vector space generated by the multiplicative commutators of a division ring
Authors: Aaghabali M. , Tajfirouz Z.
Published: May 2020

Let $D$ be a division ring with centre $F$. An element of the form $xyx^{-1}y^{-1}\in D$ is called a multiplicative commutator. Let $T(D)$ be the vector space over $F$ generated by all multiplicative commutators in $D$. In M. Aghabali et al., J. Algebra Appl. 12 (2013), no. 8, art. 1350043, the authors have conjectured that every division ring is generated as a vector space over its centre by all of its multiplicative commutators. In this note it is shown that if $D$ is centrally finite, then the conjecture holds.
Tipología o hermenéutica ¿Tensión fenomenológica en las dos fases de juicio arendtiano?
Authors: García Labrador Julián
Published: May 2020

La muerte sorprendió a Arendt sin que pudiera terminar la última parte de La Vida del Espíritu, dedicada al juicio. Ello ha propiciado que, sin una posición definitiva, los interpretes de Arendt hayan dinstinguido dos fases de su teoría del juicio y hayan tratado de explicar la relación entre ambas. La primera fase estaría centrada en el actor, mientras que la segunda refleja la postura del espectador de la acción. Este artículo aborda la cuestión desde una posición fenomenológica, advirtiendo que estas dos fases revelan la tensión del giro hermenéutico de la fenomenología: o bien admitimos la posibilidad de una hermenéutica sin fin para facilitar el ejercicio político del actor, o bien, establecemos ciertos ejemplares de juicio con los que identificar la realidad política, sin poder ir más allá de lo que hemos establecido como tipología.
Understanding PM2.5 concentration and removal efficiency variation in urban forest park—Observation at human breathing height
Authors: Yan Guoxin , Yu Zibo , Wu Yanan , Liu Jiakai , Wang Yu , Zhai Jiexiu , Cong Ling , Zhang Zhenming
Published: May 2020

To increase our knowledge of PM2.5 concentrations near the surface in a forest park in Beijing, an observational study measured the concentration and composition of PM2.5 in Beijing Olympic Forest Park from 2014 to 2015. This study analyzed the meteorological factors and removal efficiency at 1.5 m above the ground (human breathing height) over the day in the forest. The results showed that the average concentrations of PM2.5 near the surface peaked at 07:00–09:30 and reached their lowest at 12:00–15:00. Besides, the results showed that the annual concentration of PM2.5 in the forest was highest during winter, followed by spring and fall, and was lowest during summer. The main chemical components of PM2.5 near the surface in the forest were SO42− and NO3−, which accounted for 68.72% of all water-soluble ions that we observed. The concentration of PM2.5 in the forest had a significant positive correlation with relative humidity and a significant negative correlation with temperature. The removal efficiency near the surface showed no significant variation through the day or year. In the forest, the highest removal efficiency occurred between 07:00 and 09:30 in summer, while the lowest occurred between 09:30 and 12:00 in winter.
Improvement of Flame-Retardant Performance of Polyurethane Foam Coated with Water Glass
Authors: Kim Hyeong-Jun , Park Jewon , Na Hyein , Lim Hyung Mi , Chang Gabin
Published: May 2020

In this study, water glass was applied as a coating material to a rigid polyurethane foam to improve the flame-retardant properties of the foam. The heat release rate of the cone calorimeter of the urethane foam, in which the inorganic water-glass coating layer was applied, decreased rapidly. The water glass coated on the polyurethane surface formed a glassy foam by foaming with water, which did not escape during the vitrification reaction when the foam or glass was heated. The glassy foam formed on the polyurethane foam became a fire-resistant insulation layer that inhibited the combustion of the polyurethane foam for more than 10 min. Water glass was found to improve the flame-retardant properties of the rigid polyurethane foam.
Study on the Fire Risk in Locked-Rotor Condition of Single-Phase Induction Motor
Authors: Ji Hong-Keun , Song Jae-Yong
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the fire risk of a single-phase induction motor under a locked-rotor condition is described. In general, motor failure occurs in the locked-rotor condition owing to poor rotation of the rotor. Large inrush current flows when a motor starts, which is approximately 2–15 times larger than the rated current. In a single-phase induction motor under the locked-rotor condition, a large current that corresponds to the inrush current flows continuously through the stator winding. Such an overcurrent rises the temperature inside the stator winding, and thus the insulating material may catch fire. In this study, the restrained operating condition of the single-phase induction motor was simulated. Further, the degree of the overcurrent and temperature rise in the stator winding was measured. The experimental results, confirmed that the overcurrent was seven times larger than the rated current and the fire commenced at a temperature of approximately 300 ℃ inside the stator winding.
Effect of Preventive and Prepared Fire Administration on Response Fire Administration
Authors: Lee Wonjoo , Lim Jae Hoon , Moon Kwang Min
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to provide an empirical analysis of the effect of preventive fire administration (PVFA) and prepared fire administration (PPFA) on response fire administration (RPFA) in fire service organizations in Korea. To this end, panel data was collected from 16 metropolitan councils from the period of 2008 to 2018 and statistically analyzed using PVFA, PPFA, and RPFA. The independent variables were PVFA and PPFA, while the dependent variable was RPFA. The analysis of the current situation of the specific target for firefighting (STFF), public use facilities, proof of completion of safety families for public use facilities, and special fire inspection were sub-variables of PVFA. Fire safety education (FSE) and the mobilization for fire suppression (MFS) were sub-variables of PPFA and RPFA, respectively. In the results, STFF and FSE had a significant positive influence on the MFS. This study will contribute to the basic research regarding the investigation of the effectivity of fire service organizations in Korea.
Analysis of a Fire Case Caused by Heat Generation due to Cu2O Breeding
Authors: Park Jin-Young , Lee Eui-Pyeong
Published: May 2020

Although fires caused by heat generation due to Cu2O breeding in wire connections are well-known among fire investigators, there are few papers on the analysis and introduction of fire cases by heat generation due to Cu2O breeding. This study analyzed fire statistics caused by heat generation in electrical connections and the phenomena and features of heat generation due to Cu2O breeding. Then, a fire which occurred in the wire connection in a university lab by heat generation due to Cu2O breeding was analyzed in more detail. This fire case could reach a conclusion that heat generation due to Cu2O breeding caused a fire in the wire connection through the fire pattern investigation of fire origin, the visual investigation of wire connection, 3D CT, power-on-test, and stereoscopic microscopy, SEM and EDS analysis.
A Study on the Development of Training Content Scenarios for On-Site Commanders Engaged in Firefighting Activities
Authors: Chun Woo-Young , Lee Ji-Hee , Kim Hyung-Jun
Published: May 2020

This study examines the development of content scenarios to facilitate the training of on-site commanders in firefighting activities. To establish the training content scenario system, the three core competencies of the on-site commanders were set as situation judgment, communication, and decision-making. A system of scenarios was established to actively reflect these three core competencies when designing the scenarios. All the contents of these scenarios are based on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). The scenarios comprise 14 stages that are divided into four steps with the exception of stages 1 and 14, which mark the beginning and end of the training. It consists of the situation setting stage and the first, second, and third decision-making stages. Specifically, situation judgment and communication are important factors in each stage.
Combustion of a Female Body Due to an External Ignition Source
Authors: Cho Young Jin , Ji Hong Keun , Kim Sun Jae , Lim Kyu Young , Lee Dong Kyu , Choi Gyeong Won , Park Jong Taek , Moon Byung Sun , Goh Jae Mo , Park Nam Kyu
Published: May 2020

In November 2013, a case of sustained combustion of a female body was encountered in a Korean farming village. The body was almost completely incinerated from the neck to the knees, and other parts of the body, such as the head, arms, lower legs, and feet, were slightly damaged. The most likely external ignition source was the flame from a matchstick. The elderly woman was found incinerated on the floor of the living room, while other objects in the house were largely undamaged except for having a brown oily or greasy coating. Flammable substances were not detected from the woman’s intact pieces of clothing and socks, and her muscular tissues did not contain toxic chemicals. The concentration of carboxyhemoglobin in her peripheral blood was 11% and that of ethyl alcohol in her aqueous humor was below 0.010%. An autopsy failed to determine the exact cause of death because of excessive charring.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Candidate for Regenerative Medicine and Disease Treatment
Authors: Xing Zheng , Zhao Chen , Liu Haifeng , Fan Yubo
Published: May 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membranous structures, which can be secreted by most cell types. As a product of paracrine secretion, EVs are considered to be a regulatory mediator for intercellular communication. There are many bioactive cargos in EVs, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. As the precursor cell of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are first discovered in peripheral blood. With the development of studies about the functions of EPCs, an increasing number of researchers focus on EPC‐derived EVs (EPC‐EVs). EPC‐EVs exert key functions for promoting angiogenesis in regenerative medicine and show significant therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases such as circulatory diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, bone diseases, and tissue/organ damages. This article reviews the current knowledge on the role of EPC‐EVs in regenerative medicine and disease treatment, discussing the main challenges and future directions in this field.
Silicon‐Nanotube‐Mediated Intracellular Delivery Enables Ex Vivo Gene Editing
Authors: Chen Yaping , Aslanoglou Stella , Murayama Takahide , Gervinskas Gediminas , Fitzgerald Laura I. , Sriram Sharath , Tian Jie , Johnston Angus P. R. , Morikawa Yasuhiro , Suu Koukou , Elnathan Roey , Voelcker Nicolas H.
Published: May 2020

Engineered nano–bio cellular interfaces driven by vertical nanostructured materials are set to spur transformative progress in modulating cellular processes and interrogations. In particular, the intracellular delivery—a core concept in fundamental and translational biomedical research—holds great promise for developing novel cell therapies based on gene modification. This study demonstrates the development of a mechanotransfection platform comprising vertically aligned silicon nanotube (VA‐SiNT) arrays for ex vivo gene editing. The internal hollow structure of SiNTs allows effective loading of various biomolecule cargoes; and SiNTs mediate delivery of those cargoes into GPE86 mouse embryonic fibroblasts without compromising their viability. Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) and confocal microscopy results demonstrate localized membrane invaginations and accumulation of caveolin‐1 at the cell–NT interface, suggesting the presence of endocytic pits. Small‐molecule inhibition of endocytosis suggests that active endocytic process plays a role in the intracellular delivery of cargo from SiNTs. SiNT‐mediated siRNA intracellular delivery shows the capacity to reduce expression levels of F‐actin binding protein (Triobp) and alter the cellular morphology of GPE86. Finally, the successful delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) to specifically target mouse Hprt gene is achieved. This NT‐enhanced molecular delivery platform has strong potential to support gene editing technologies.
Electric‐Field‐Regulated Energy Transfer in Chiral Liquid Crystals for Enhancing Upconverted Circularly Polarized Luminescence through Steering the Photonic Bandgap
Authors: Yang Xuefeng , Zhou Minghao , Wang Yafei , Duan Pengfei
Published: May 2020

Circularly polarized luminescent materials with high dissymmetry factor (glum) have been attracting increasing attention due to their distinctive photonic properties. In this work, by incorporating upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PKNCs) into a chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*LC), enhanced upconverted circularly polarized luminescence (UC‐CPL) based on a radiative energy transfer (RET) process from UCNPs to CsPbBr3 PKNCs is successfully implemented. By locating the emission peak of CsPbBr3 PKNCs at the center of the photonic bandgap of N*LC, the maximum glum value of UC‐CPL can be amplified to an extremely large value of 1.1. Meanwhile, upconverted emission of UCNPs can be significantly enhanced due to the band edge enhancement effect of the N*LC, subsequently enhancing the emission of the CsPbBr3 PKNCs through the RET process. In addition, an applied electric field can switch the upconverted emission of the UCNPs, as well as the RET process, enabling an electric‐field‐controlled UC‐CPL switch.
Biocompatible Magnetic Micro‐ and Nanodevices: Fabrication of FePt Nanopropellers and Cell Transfection
Authors: Kadiri Vincent Mauricio , Bussi Claudio , Holle Andrew W. , Son Kwanghyo , Kwon Hyunah , Schütz Gisela , Gutierrez Maximiliano G. , Fischer Peer
Published: May 2020

The application of nanoparticles for drug or gene delivery promises benefits in the form of single‐cell‐specific therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. Many methods of cell transfection rely on unspecific means to increase the transport of genetic material into cells. Targeted transport is in principle possible with magnetically propelled micromotors, which allow responsive nanoscale actuation and delivery. However, many commonly used magnetic materials (e.g., Ni and Co) are not biocompatible, possess weak magnetic remanence (Fe3O4), or cannot be implemented in nanofabrication schemes (NdFeB). Here, it is demonstrated that co‐depositing iron (Fe) and platinum (Pt) followed by one single annealing step, without the need for solution processing, yields ferromagnetic FePt nanomotors that are noncytotoxic, biocompatible, and possess a remanence and magnetization that rival those of permanent NdFeB micromagnets. Active cell targeting and magnetic transfection of lung carcinoma cells are demonstrated using gradient‐free rotating millitesla fields to drive the FePt nanopropellers. The carcinoma cells express enhanced green fluorescent protein after internalization and cell viability is unaffected by the presence of the FePt nanopropellers. The results establish FePt, prepared in the L10 phase, as a promising magnetic material for biomedical applications with superior magnetic performance, especially for micro‐ and nanodevices.
Photomodulation of Charge Transport in All‐Semiconducting 2D–1D van der Waals Heterostructures with Suppressed Persistent Photoconductivity Effect
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Qiu Haixin , Wang Can , Chen Zongping , Zyska Björn , Narita Akimitsu , Ciesielski Artur , Hecht Stefan , Chi Lifeng , Müllen Klaus , Samorì Paolo
Published: May 2020

Van der Waals heterostructures (VDWHs), obtained via the controlled assembly of 2D atomically thin crystals, exhibit unique physicochemical properties, rendering them prototypical building blocks to explore new physics and for applications in optoelectronics. As the emerging alternatives to graphene, monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides and bottom‐up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising candidates for overcoming the shortcomings of graphene, such as the absence of a bandgap in its electronic structure, which is essential in optoelectronics. Herein, VDWHs comprising GNRs onto monolayer MoS2 are fabricated. Field‐effect transistors (FETs) based on such VDWHs show an efficient suppression of the persistent photoconductivity typical of MoS2, resulting from the interfacial charge transfer process. The MoS2‐GNR FETs exhibit drastically reduced hysteresis and more stable behavior in the transfer characteristics, which is a prerequisite for the further photomodulation of charge transport behavior within the MoS2‐GNR VDWHs. The physisorption of photochromic molecules onto the MoS2‐GNR VDWHs enables reversible light‐driven control over charge transport. In particular, the drain current of the MoS2‐GNR FET can be photomodulated by 52%, without displaying significant fatigue over at least 10 cycles. Moreover, four distinguishable output current levels can be achieved, demonstrating the great potential of MoS2‐GNR VDWHs for multilevel memory devices.
Size‐Dependent Pulmonary Impact of Thin Graphene Oxide Sheets in Mice: Toward Safe‐by‐Design
Authors: Rodrigues Artur Filipe , Newman Leon , Jasim Dhifaf , Mukherjee Sourav P. , Wang Jun , Vacchi Isabella A. , Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Bianco Alberto , Fadeel Bengt , Kostarelos Kostas , Bussy Cyrill
Published: May 2020

Safety assessment of graphene‐based materials (GBMs) including graphene oxide (GO) is essential for their safe use across many sectors of society. In particular, the link between specific material properties and biological effects needs to be further elucidated. Here, the effects of lateral dimensions of GO sheets in acute and chronic pulmonary responses after single intranasal instillation in mice are compared. Micrometer‐sized GO induces stronger pulmonary inflammation than nanometer‐sized GO, despite reduced translocation to the lungs. Genome‐wide RNA sequencing also reveals distinct size‐dependent effects of GO, in agreement with the histopathological results. Although large GO, but not the smallest GO, triggers the formation of granulomas that persists for up to 90 days, no pulmonary fibrosis is observed. These latter results can be partly explained by Raman imaging, which evidences the progressive biotransformation of GO into less graphitic structures. The findings demonstrate that lateral dimensions play a fundamental role in the pulmonary response to GO, and suggest that airborne exposure to micrometer‐sized GO should be avoided in the production plant or applications, where aerosolized dispersions are likely to occur. These results are important toward the implementation of a safer‐by‐design approach for GBM products and applications, for the benefit of workers and end‐users.
Soil organic matter and water retention
Authors: Lal Rattan
Published: May 2020

The current and projected anthropogenic global warming and the attendant increase in the severity and extent of soil degradation may exacerbate the intensity and duration of drought occurrence in agroecosystems. Restoration of the soil organic matter (SOM) content of degraded/depleted soils can increase soil water retention (SWR) more at field capacity (FC) than that at the permanent wilting point (PWP), and thus increase the plant available water capacity (PAWC). The magnitude of increase in PAWC may depend on soil texture and the initial SOM content. Thus, restoration of the SOM content of degraded/depleted soils can make them as well as agroecosystems climate‐resilient. Management practices which enhance soil health by restoring SOM content include conservation agriculture, cover cropping, residue mulching, and complex farming systems involving integration of crops with trees and livestock. Such technologies must be fine‐tuned under site‐specific conditions. Additional research is needed to establish the cause‐effect relationship between increase in SOM content and PAWC and the ameliorative effect on drought‐resilience for diverse crops and cropping systems.
Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration, synaptic dysfunction, and axonal injury relate to atrophy in structural brain regions specific to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Moore Elizabeth E. , Gifford Katherine A. , Khan Omair A. , Liu Dandan , Pechman Kimberly R. , Acosta Lealani Mae Y. , Bell Susan P. , Turchan Maxim , Landman Bennett A. , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Hohman Timothy J. , Jefferson Angela L.
Published: May 2020

Introduction

Patterns of atrophy can distinguish normal cognition from Alzheimer's disease (AD), but neuropathological drivers of this pattern are unknown. This study examined associations between cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of AD pathology, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroaxonal injury with two AD imaging signatures.

Methods

Signatures were calculated using published guidelines. Linear regressions related each biomarker to both signatures, adjusting for demographic factors. Bootstrapped analyses tested if associations were stronger with one signature versus the other.

Results

Increased phosphorylated tau (p‐tau), total tau, and neurofilament light (P‐values <.045) related to smaller signatures (indicating greater atrophy). Diagnosis and sex modified associations between p‐tau and neurogranin (P‐values<.05) and signatures, such that associations were stronger among participants with mild cognitive impairment and female participants. The strength of associations did not differ between signatures.

Discussion

Increased evidence of neurodegeneration, axonopathy, and tau phosphorylation relate to greater AD‐related atrophy. Tau phosphorylation and synaptic dysfunction may be more prominent in AD‐affected regions in females.
Hippocampal Shape Is Associated with Memory Deficits in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Postma Tjardo S. , Cury Claire , Baxendale Sallie , Thompson Pamela J. , Cano‐López Irene , de Tisi Jane , Burdett Jane L. , Sidhu Meneka K. , Caciagli Lorenzo , Winston Gavin P. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Thom Maria , Duncan John S. , Koepp Matthias J. , Galovic Marian
Published: May 2020

Objective

Cognitive problems, especially disturbances in episodic memory, and hippocampal sclerosis are common in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), but little is known about the relationship of hippocampal morphology with memory. We aimed to relate hippocampal surface‐shape patterns to verbal and visual learning.

Methods

We analyzed hippocampal surface shapes on high‐resolution magnetic resonance images and the Adult Memory and Information Processing Battery in 145 unilateral refractory TLE patients undergoing epilepsy surgery, a validation set of 55 unilateral refractory TLE patients, and 39 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy volunteers.

Results

Both left TLE (LTLE) and right TLE (RTLE) patients had lower verbal (LTLE 44 ± 11; RTLE 45 ± 10) and visual learning (LTLE 34 ± 8, RTLE 30 ± 8) scores than healthy controls (verbal 58 ± 8, visual 39 ± 6; p < 0.001). Verbal learning was more impaired the greater the atrophy of the left superolateral hippocampal head. In contrast, visual memory was worse with greater bilateral inferomedial hippocampal atrophy. Postsurgical verbal memory decline was more common in LTLE than in RTLE (reliable change index in LTLE 27% vs RTLE 7%, p = 0.006), whereas there were no differences in postsurgical visual memory decline between those groups. Preoperative atrophy of the left hippocampal tail predicted postsurgical verbal memory decline.

Interpretation

Memory deficits in TLE are associated with specific morphological alterations of the hippocampus, which could help stratify TLE patients into those at high versus low risk of presurgical or postsurgical memory deficits. This knowledge could improve planning and prognosis of selective epilepsy surgery and neuropsychological counseling in TLE. ANN NEUROL 2020 ANN NEUROL 2020;88:170–182
POM‐Incorporated CoO Nanowires for Enhanced Photocatalytic Syngas Production from CO2
Authors: Yang Haozhou , Yang Deren , Wang Xun
Published: May 2020

Utilizing sustainable energy for chemical activation of small molecules, such as CO2, to produce important chemical feedstocks is highly desirable. The simultaneous production of CO/H2 mixture (syngas) from photoreduction of CO2 and H2O is highly promising. However, the relationships between structure, composition, crystallinity, and photocatalytic performance are still indistinct. Here, amorphous ultrathin CoO nanowires and polyoxometalate incorporated nanowires with even lower crystallinity were synthesized. The POM‐incorporated ultrathin nanowires exhibit high photocatalytic syngas production activity, reaching H2 and CO evolution rates of 11555 and 4165 μmol g−1 h−1 respectively. Further experiments indicate that the ultrathin morphology and incorporation of POM both contribute to the superior performance. Multiple characterizations reveal the enhanced charge–hole separation efficiency of the catalyst would facilitate the photocatalysis.
A typical case study of the operational performance of municipal wastewater treatment plant in China
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxin , Huang Jin , Lin Ling , Liu Shuming , Wang Yueping , Zhang Sinan
Published: May 2020

The operational status of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) A in Tianjin was simulated via WEST 2012 software. It was found that with secondary biological treatment, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and total nitrogen in the effluent can reach Level 1‐A standards, while the total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus slightly exceed the standard threshold. When subjected to the maximum water volume during the rainy season and the most unfavorable temperatures in winter, WWTP A can maintain the same treatment conditions as under normal circumstances. Meanwhile, an operational performance evaluation index system of the WWTP was utilized to evaluate the operating conditions. The result indicates that WWTP A achieves a good performance level, with some aspects that need to be improved. Among them, technical requirements, equipment advancement, energy consumption, water consumption, and chemical consumption are less satisfactory; these issues are mainly due to the process and equipment selected for the WWTP. In order to improve the comprehensive operational performance of the WWTP, it is recommended to add a water reuse system, strengthen the management of the energy consumption department, and adopt high‐efficiency energy‐saving equipment.
Cover Image, Volume 14, Issue 3
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Jiang Junhua , Wang Chongmin , Liu Jian , Pu Yunqiao , Ragauskas Arthur , Li Songmei , Yang Bin
Published: May 2020

The cover image is based on the Review Article Lignin‐Derived Electrochemical Energy Materials and Systems by Bin Yang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2083.

image
Tokoronin Contained in Dioscorea tokoro Makino ex Miyabe Suppressed α‐MSH‐Induced Melanogenesis in B16 Cells via Suppression of Classical MAPK Pathway Activation
Authors: Ukiya Motohiko , Sato Daisuke , Kimura Hirokazu , Hirai Yasuaki , Nishina Atsuyoshi
Published: May 2020

In this study, melanogenesis inhibition in B16 cells by eight compounds, namely, tokorogenin, tokoronin, yononin, gracillin, proto‐yonogenin, proto‐tokoronin, proto‐yononin, and proto‐gracillin, isolated from Dioscorea tokoro Makino ex Miyabe were evaluated. The results of the cytotoxicity and α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis inhibition effects of the eight compounds revealed that tokoronin was the most effective in terms of low‐cytotoxicity and melanogenesis inhibition. Tokoronin downregulated α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis via suppression of the expression of the three types of melanogenesis‐related enzymes [tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), TRP‐2] by the inhibition of phospho‐microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (p‐MITF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) levels. p‐MITF and CREB are regulated by various kinases [Akt, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)]. As the results of measurement of the combined effects of tokoronin with inhibitors or promoters of these kinases, no change in the biological activity of tokoronin by Akt inhibitor (wortmannin) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) was observed, however, the effect of tokoronin was reduced by the MEK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) and promoted by the MEK/ERK activator (FGF2). Therefore, it was deduced that tokoronin first inactivated ERK; then, it suppressed p‐MITF and CREB levels; and finally, α‐MSH‐induced melanogenesis was suppressed.
Fifty‐eight‐year‐old female with abdominal migraine: A rare cause of episodic gastrointestinal disturbance in adults
Authors: Karmali Rehan , Hall‐Wurst Gordon
Published: May 2020

Abdominal migraine (AM) is a predominantly pediatric condition characterized by erratic episodes of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting with spontaneous periodic relief. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in symptomatic adults.
Micromolded Carbon Paste Microelectrodes for Electrogenerated Chemiluminescent Detection on Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Gross Erin M. , Porter Laura R. , Stark Nicholas R. , Lowry Emily R. , Schaffer Leah V. , Maddipati Sai Sujana , Hoyt Dylan J. , Stombaugh Sarah E. , Peila Sarah R. , Henry Charles S.
Published: May 2020

Micromolded carbon paste electrodes are easily fabricated, disposable, and can be integrated into microfluidic devices to fabricate inexpensive sensors and biosensors. In this work, carbon paste microelectrodes were fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane) using micromolding techniques and were coupled to a microfluidic channel to fabricate electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) sensors. ECL was generated using both the tris(2,2’‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/tripropylamine system and the hydrogen peroxide/luminol system. For each of these ECL systems, the sensor fabrication method was optimized, along with key experimental parameters (applied voltage, solution flow rate, buffer species and luminol concentration). The limit of detection (S/N=3) for TPrA was approximately 2.4 μM with a linear range of 10–100 μM. For hydrogen peroxide, the LOD was approximately 11 μM and the electrodes gave a linear response between 30 μM and 200 μM hydrogen peroxide. Electrodes containing glucose oxidase were fabricated using this new method, demonstrating that glucose could be indirectly detected via generation of hydrogen peroxide by the enzymatic reaction at the micromolded biosensor.
Appropriate Use of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in Water Splitting Electrocatalysis
Authors: Anantharaj Sengeni , Noda Suguru
Published: May 2020

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an efficient tool that reveals the electrochemical characteristics of catalysts, surfaces, interfaces, coatings, and so forth. Use of EIS in different areas of energy research wherever current, potential, and charge determine the performance has become inevitable. Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of such fields focused on generating high purity hydrogen, where EIS is used to correlate the activity trends measuring charge transfer resistances (Rct). In doing so, different conventions are followed. A few perform EIS at the open circuit potential (OCP), a few perform at onset potential or at a potential before onset potential, a few perform at different potentials for different catalysts at which they deliver the same current density, and a large group of people choose a constant potential beyond onset, at which all the studied catalysts show appreciable catalytic activity. Existence of such different practices in using EIS to characterize water splitting electrocatalysts often lead to misinterpretation of the activity trends. Hence, to provide a clear view on the appropriate use of EIS in water splitting electrocatalysis, we have carried out a comparative EIS study on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity trend of stainless steel 304 (SS‐304), Co, Ni, and Cu foils in 1 M KOH at all the above‐stated conditions and the results showed that the EIS carried out at constant potentials in the catalytic turnover region is appropriate.
Vortex Layers of Small Thickness
Authors: Caflisch R. E. , Lombardo M. C. , Sammartino M. M. L.
Published: May 2020

We consider a 2D vorticity configuration where vorticity is highly concentrated around a curve and exponentially decaying away from it: the intensity of the vorticity is O(1/ε) on the curve while it decays on an O(ε) distance from the curve itself. We prove that, if the initial datum is of vortex‐layer type, Euler solutions preserve this structure for a time that does not depend on ε. Moreover, the motion of the center of the layer is well approximated by the Birkhoff‐Rott equation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing beliefs about the consequences of not just right experiences: Psychometric properties of the Not Just Right Experience‐Sensitivity Scale (NJRE‐SS)
Authors: Melli Gabriele , Moulding Richard , Puccetti Camilla , Pinto Antonio , Caccico Laura , Drabik Marta Joanna , Sica Claudio
Published: May 2020

Although current cognitive conceptualizations of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) emphasize that rituals are performed in order to avoid overtly threatening outcomes, it has also been noted that there are individuals for whom the attempt to correct “not just right experiences” (NJREs) rather than dangerous outcomes per se appear important. This article examines the idea that individuals have differing tolerances for—or sensitivity to—NJREs, in a similar manner as occurs regarding for other experience such as the distinction between disgust propensity and disgust sensitivity. In Study 1, using a nonclinical Italian sample, the NJRE‐Sensitivity Scale (NJRE‐SS) was created and refined. Its final version consisted of eight items loading on two subscales—an intolerance of NJREs due to their perceived interference with cognitive tasks and due to their interference with enjoyment of life. In Study 2, the factor structured was confirmed in a separate sample. The measure was found to have convergent validity with related measures including a separate measure assessing the severity and frequency of NJREs themselves. However, the NJRE‐SS predicted OCD symptoms over‐and‐above the general NJRE measure, with particularly the interference with cognitive tasks subscale being of importance. Clinical implications are discussed.
The Implausibility of Neonatal Opioid Toxicity from Breastfeeding
Authors: Zipursky Jonathan , Juurlink David N.
Published: May 2020

The belief that newborns can develop opioid toxicity from breastfeeding is widely held but supported by very little data. Based largely on a single, highly publicized case report (the “Toronto case”), major health agencies worldwide now caution against codeine use by nursing mothers. As a result, “stronger” opioids with greater abuse liability are increasingly prescribed in its place, potentially to the detriment of maternal health. We re‐examine aspects of this case report to demonstrate why such an occurrence is highly implausible. The Toronto case involved the death of a 13‐day‐old infant from opioid toxicity. The child’s mother, who took codeine while breastfeeding, was found to have a duplication of CYP2D6*2, consistent with ultrarapid metabolizer status. This led to the conclusion that the child died from opioid toxicity due to enhanced maternal conversion of codeine to morphine, with the subsequent passage of large amounts of morphine into breast milk. We argue that this explanation is implausible based upon several factors: (1) the exceedingly small amount of opioids passed into breastmilk irrespective of maternal CYP genotype, (2) the observation that significant neonatal opioid accumulation can only occur in the setting of severely impaired renal function, and (3) the previously unreported finding of a markedly elevated codeine concentration in postmortem blood. Finally, a review of the literature identifies a paucity of convincing reports of neonatal opioid toxicity during breastfeeding, with no other confirmed cases of neonatal death despite the use of these drugs by millions of nursing mothers over the past 2 decades.
Keep Your Eyes Open for These Wet‐Season Soybean Diseases
Authors: Winsor Susan
Published: May 2020

Wet weather in much of the Soybean Belt adds insult to injury for growers, on top of battling market downturns and trade issues. With another wet planting season, this article provides some tips for common soybean diseases based upon the latest university research. Earn 1 CEU in Integrated Pest Management by reading the article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/801.
Human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis infections in adolescents and young women: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Ribeiro Andrea Alves , Saddi Vera Aparecida , Carneiro Megmar Aparecida , Figueiredo‐Alves Rosane Ribeiro , da Silva Barros Narriman Kênnia , de Almeida Carvalho Keila Patricia , do Nascimento Tavares Suelene Brito , de Araújo Teles Sheila , D'Alessandro Walmirton Bezerra , Rabelo‐Santos Silvia Helena
Published: May 2020

Background

The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections among adolescents and young adult women and to identify the risk factors associated.

Methods

This study included 276 sexually active participants, classified as adolescents (15‐19 years) and young adult women (20‐24 years) that realized conventional cytology and were tested for 27 HPV genotypes and for CT. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the factors associated with both infections.

Results

The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.7% in adolescents and 43.0% in young adult women. The HPV‐16 was the most prevalent (27.7%), followed by HPV‐68 (6.9%), HPV‐52 (6.2%), HPV‐39 (4.6%), and HPV‐73 (4.6%). The prevalence of CT infection was 11.5% among adolescents and 6.2% among young adult women. Cytological abnormalities were found in 14.2% among adolescents, of which 80.9% were positive for HPV and 10% of young adult women of which 84.6% were positive for HPV infection. HPV16 and HPV 68 were detected in 35.7% and 32.1% of cases with cytological abnormalities. Factors independently associated with HPV infection obtained by multivariate analysis were unmarried or divorced marital status and the presence of cytological abnormalities. The same variables were analyzed for the association with CT infection, and the association with cytological abnormalities remained significant.

Conclusion

HPV and CT infections are very prevalent in adolescent and young adult women; these findings reinforce the need of early vaccination, prior to the onset of sexual activity, and justify implementation of molecular screening tests.