bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Width of Maxillary Anterior Teeth and Interalar Distance
Authors: Bonakdarchian Mortaza , Ghorbanipour Reza
Published: December 2018

There are few guides to estimate the size of denture teeth. The purpose of this observational cross sectional study of Iranian adults was to evaluate the relationship between interalar width compared to intercanine tip distance and to the summed width of the maxillary anterior teeth in adults. The samples were selected from dental students in Isfahan University. Interalar width was measured with calipers. Maxillary inter-canine distance was measured between cusp tips on dental casts. Mesiodistal widths of the six anterior teeth also were measured. Independent t-tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Mean interalar width was 36.38 mm (sd = 3.81), intercanine tip distance was 34.15 mm (sd = 2.05), and mean width of maxillary anterior teeth was 48.23 mm (sd = 2.07). There were significant associations between interalar width and summed widths of the maxillary anterior teeth and with intercanine distance. In addition, predictive equations for estimation of tooth sizes using interalar width were calculated by regression. These statistical relationships may also be useful forensically.
Primary Tooth Mineralization and Exfoliation Ages Calculated from the Moorrees-Fanning-Hunt Study
Authors: Harris Edward F.
Published: December 2018

Staging of the formation of teeth and shedding of the primary teeth are particularly useful for age estimation of archaeological and forensic specimens, as well as for gauging whether a child’s tempo of maturation is progressing within normal limits. Staging can be done using radiographs or with direct inspection of dental remains. Standards for the primary dentition are scarce, but obviously needed for young children. This note provides tables, by sex, of the normative ages of the mineralization of three mandibular tooth types (c, m1, m2) as well as of root resorption and times of shedding of these tooth types. The data are transformed from charts developed by Moorrees, Fanning and Hunt (1963 Am J Phys Anthropol 21:99-108). Conversion to numeric form is intended to aid in using these data for statistical comparisons.
Short Communication: Intra-Individual Microwear Variation: Deciduous versus Permanent Dentition
Authors: Gamza Tammy R.
Published: December 2018

This study compares microwear patterns on deciduous and permanent dentition within individuals. Number of features, total number of pits, mean pit breadth and mean scratch breadth are compared in 11 individuals aged 6-12 years. For each individual, the second deciduous molar and first permanent molar are used. Paired sample t-tests show no significant difference between deciduous and permanent enamel for any of the microwear features examined. This study suggests that differences in the physical and chemical structures of deciduous and permanent enamel are not sufficient to cause differences in microwear patterning. Any difference between juveniles and adults can be assumed to represent a true dietary difference rather than enamel structural differences.
A Geometric Morphometric Analysis of the Crown Form of the Maxillary Central Incisor in Humans
Authors: Kato Akiko , Kouchi Makiko , Mochimaru Masaaki , Isomura Ayamoto , Ohno Norikazu
Published: December 2018

Dental traits have been studied over a long period and grossly evaluated using standard reference plaques. However, grading by subjective observation may result in inter-observer measurement errors. We aimed to analyze crown models three-dimensionally to assess the morphology of the lingual surface termed shovel shape. Micro-CT scanned data of 38 maxillary central incisors stored at two different laboratories were used to create crown models of the outer enamel surface (OES) and the dentinoenamel junction (DEJ). Original crown data were evaluated according to the grade of shoveling into weak and strong groups. Homologous models consisting of the same number of data points were created and the distance matrices between tooth models of OES and DEJ were respectively analyzed by using multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) and principal component analysis. Student’s t-test was used to compare corresponding scores between the two groups based on shovel-shape. The results of a t-test in the OES model indicated significant differences between the two groups. In contrast, the result in the DEJ model did not reveal a statistically significant difference. Our results indicate that geometric morphometric analysis of micro-CT scanned tooth crowns represents a powerful solution for the objective shape assessment of human teeth.
Fluctuating Asymmetry in Root Number and Morphology of Permanent Premolars and Molars—Case Reports
Authors: Sherwood I. Anand , Reddy P. Govinda
Published: December 2018

Aim of this article is to report cases with fluctuating asymmetry in root morphology and root number in permanent premolars and molars and to survey the literature about reporting for fluctuating asymmetry in roots of teeth. Fluctuating asymmetry is a left-right asymmetry of a paired structure that is usually symmetrical. Teeth in corresponding quadrants of the upper and lower jaws are normally symmetrical structures that exhibit mirror imagery. Fluctuating asymmetry does occur at varying levels for all root traits. Fluctuating asymmetry for root morphology and number has been poorly studied. In this article, 21 cases with fluctuating asymmetry in root number and morphology of permanent premolars and molars are reported. Key points are: (1) Fluctuating asymmetry seems to be occurring in Tamil speaking population of Madurai South India more frequently than reported for Caucasian populations. (2) More detailed study of variation in root morphology with greater emphasis on fluctuating asymmetry for root morphology is warranted. 3) Fluctuating asymmetry is of importance to clinical dentists, dental morphologists, and dental anthropologists.
The Anthropology of Infectious Diseases of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age from Armenia
Authors: Khudaverdyan A. Yu.
Published: December 2018

This study reviews the evidence for thepresence of specific infectious diseases in Armenianskeletal series of Bronze Age and Early Iron Age.Throughout human history, pathogens have beenresponsible for the majority of human deaths. Factorssuch as age, sex, and nutritional status can influencewhether an individual contracts and develops aparticular infection, while environmental conditions,such as climate, sanitation, pollution, and contact withothers will affect the susceptibility of a population. Thefrequencies of such signs as osteomyelitis, peridontaldisease, leprosy, abscesses, and so forth, testify that thepeople experienced a variety of forces and durations—both internal and external—of stressful influences.Individuals from Sevan region may have had morechronic infections due to continued exposure to pathogensduring their lives as well as traumatic injuries. Sevenindividuals had nasopharyngeal lesions consistent with adiagnosis of leprosy. Dental caries was less severe in theSevan region, although dental abscesses (51 individuals)and antemortem tooth loss (87 individuals) were moreprevalent. In contrast, periodontal disease (8/18 adults)and antemortem loss (8/18 adults) of the molars weremore prevalent at the Shiraksky plain. Data focusing onclimate influence, migratory, and cultural habits in thepast are discussed.
A descriptive study of African American deciduous dentition
Authors: Lease Loren R.
Published: December 2018

Descriptive studies of the deciduous dentition morphology have been presented as an inclusion in permanent dentition studies, the focus of archaeological populations or on specific traits within modern populations.The present study describes 25 morphological traits of deciduous dentition in two African American samples from Memphis, TN and Dallas, TX (N= 218), and a European American sample (N=100) from Cleveland, OH. These traits represent the most commonly used traits in population microevolution studies, describing various ancestral groups.Results indicate trait frequency variation between the two African American samples, as well as in comparison to European American samples. Traits varying in frequency between the two sample populations include maxillary lateral incisor shovel shape trait (69% vs. 46%), canine tuberculum dentale (40% vs. 22%), canine mesial ridge (3% vs. 7%), and maxillary posterior molar hypocone development (76% vs. 92%). Trait frequencies higher than found in previous studies include maxillary central incisor shovel shape trait (38%) and maxillary lateral incisor shovel shape trait (68%), canine tuberculum dentale (40%), maxillary molar complexity (20%), cusp six (33%) and seven (68%), and the Y-groove on the mandibular posterior molar (69%). Trait frequencies seen lower in previous studies include tuberculum dentale trait on both maxillary incisors (8% and 3%) and the hypocone development of the maxillary posterior molar (76%). The level of trait expression is informative when comparing populations, especially the molar traits. For example, Carabelli’s pit/fissure is the most common trait expression in African American samples, unlike European American samples.
In Memoriam: Julius (Jules) August Kieser (20 December 1950 – 10 June 2014)
Authors: Loch Carolina , Townsend Grant , Dean Christopher
Published: December 2018

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Dental Caries as a Measure of Diet, Health, and Difference in Non-Adults from Urban and Rural Roman Britain
Authors: Rohnbogner Anna , Lewis Mary
Published: December 2018

Dental disease in childhood has the potential to inform about food availability, social status, andfeeding practices, in addition to contributing to a child’s overall health status. This paper presents the first comprehensiveoverview of carious lesion frequencies in 433 non-adults (1-17 years), and 6,283 erupted permanentand deciduous teeth from 15 urban and rural Romano-British settlements. Pooled deciduous and permanentcaries rates were significantly higher in major urban sites (1.8%) compared to rural settlements (0.4%), with childrenfrom urban sites having significantly higher lesion rates in the deciduous dentition (3.0%), and in youngerage groups with mixed dentitions. The differences in dental caries between urban and rural populations suggestdisparities in maternal oral health, early childhood feeding practices, food preparation and access to refined carbohydrates.A richer, perhaps more ‘Roman’, cuisine was eaten in the urban settlements, as opposed to a moremodest diet in the countryside. The effect of early childhood stress on caries frequency was explored using evidencefor enamel hypoplasia. Co-occurrence of caries and enamel hypoplasia was highest in the major urbancohort (5.8%) and lowest in the rural sample (1.3%), suggesting that environmental stress was a contributing factorto carious lesion development in Romano-British urban children.
A Rare Case of Congenital Syphilis and a Supernumerary Fourth Molar in an Early 20th Century African American Woman
Authors: Ioannou Stella , Henneberg Maciej
Published: December 2018

Congenital syphilis is a disease recognized for interfering with odontogenesis, producing specificdental characteristics including Hutchinson’s incisor, Moon’s molar, Fournier’s molar and mulberry molar,while its past treatments including mercury are known to affect amelogenesis. Supernumerary teeth, mainly associatedwith syndromes, are not commonly found in cases of congenital syphilis. A rare case of congenitalsyphilis in an individual (P000707) treated with mercury and a mandibular left fourth molar with normal morphologyis presented.Materials and Methods: During a systematic examination of 28 skeletons with treponemal disease at the Smithsonianmuseum in Washington, DC, a supernumerary mandibular distomolar in one individual (P000707) wasrevealed.Results: P000707 was an African American female, 26 years of age. Dentition showed severe enamel hypoplasiaof the maxillary and mandibular incisors, left canine, and upper first molars, consistent with the effects of treatmentof congenital syphilis by mercurial compounds. Crown of the left mandibular distomolar has typical molarmorphology but is smaller in size than other permanent molars. Arrangement of grooves resembles the +4 pattern,but is complex due to crenulation. Oblique x-ray revealed that the fourth molar had one root with a pulpchamber extending towards the apex, suggesting taurodontism. No other distomolar teeth were present.Conclusions: Congenital syphilis and treatment containing mercury may not influence the development of supernumeraryteeth due to: (1) the age at which the development of the fourth molar takes place, (2) the stage ofthe infection at the time of development and (3) the age at which treatments containing mercury are administeredto patients with congenital syphilis.
Subjective Impression of Australomelanesian Dentition
Authors: Turner II Christy G.
Published: December 2018

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Mesolithic Hunters and Foragers on the Gangetic Plain: A Summary of Current Research in Dental Anthropology
Authors: Lukacs John R.
Published: December 2018

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Equations for Predicting Age from Crown Height Measurements
Authors: Walker Phillip L. , Shapiro Perry
Published: December 2018

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Labial Tooth Wear and Culture
Authors: Puech Pierre-Francois
Published: December 2018

Surface alterations observed on the anterior teeth of prehistoric humans suggest that incisors are involved in many uses related to ingestion, manipulations, and dental care activities. These culture-related uses can be distinguished in dental remains from throughout major periods of human evolution.
Mirror Imaging in Twins: Some Dental Examples
Authors: Townsend Grant , Richards Lindsay , Brown Tasman , Pinkerton Sandra
Published: December 2018

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Kees Korenhof (1929-1994)
Authors: Van Reenen J. Frikkie
Published: December 2018

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The Triform Variant: I. Definition, Classification and Population Distribution
Authors: Bailey-Schmidt Shara
Published: December 2018

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Get Shorty: Steven Pinker on the Enlightenment
Authors: Harpham Geoffrey Galt
Published: December 2018

Steven Pinker's Enlightenment Now makes a powerful argument that by every measure, the conditions of human life have been improving steadily for the past 200 years. This improvement can be attributed not just to the spread of the principles of enlightenment announced in the eighteenth century but also to the evolved properties of the human mind, which have been liberated by modernity. Pinker writes in support of this development and in opposition to the ideological and academic resistances to it. His book has itself generated resistance among those he criticizes, and while many of these criticisms are unwarranted, Pinker's book raises serious questions that it does not fully address.
Factores asociados al autorreporte del bienestar mental o emocional del hombre en Chile
Authors: Vidal Carolina , Toro-Huerta Carol
Published: December 2018

Objetivo. Determinar factores asociados al bienestar mental o emocional del hombre en Chile. Métodos. Estudio analítico transversal en hombres de 15 o más años en Chile. Se utilizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida y Salud 2015-2016 (ENCAVI). Las variables de interés correspondieron a la percepción del bienestar emocional o mental y el autorreporte de depresión o ansiedad. Se estimó la prevalencia de cada una de ellas. Se evaluó la asociación de las variables de interés con factores sociodemográficos, hábitos y salud mediante regresión logística. Resultados. El 22,6% (intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%]: 20,3%-25,0%) reportó una percepción de bienestar mental o emocional menos que buena, y 4,9% (IC95%: 3,8%-6,4%) declaró diagnóstico médico de depresión. La menor percepción de bienestar emocional estuvo asociada al reporte de una satisfacción sexual menos que buena, con una razón de momios (OR, por sus siglas en inglés) de 4,42 (IC95%: 3,40-5,76) seguida de calidad de sueño y apoyo social menor a lo óptimo. Se hallaron resultados similares en quienes autorreportaron depresión o ansiedad; aquí, la mayor probabilidad de este autorreporte estuvo asociada a una calidad de sueño menor que buena, presencia de al menos una enfermedad crónica y menor satisfacción sexual. Conclusión. El principal factor asociado al autorreporte de bienestar mental o emocional fue la insatisfacción con su vida sexual. Dicho resultado concuerda con que la identidad masculina se vincula con los desempeños sexuales. Es necesario avanzar en la investigación de la salud de los hombres y proporcionar orientación para iniciativas de políticas de salud.
O FURTO DE ENERGIA E UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERPRETAÇÃO PENAL-CONSTITUCIONAL-AMBIENTAL
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Gustavo Gonçalves , Lima Carolina Carneiro
Published: December 2018

O artigo aborda o crime de furto de energia, popular ‘gato’, e sua relação com o direito fundamental à eletricidade e os impactos ambientais. O estudo apresenta o viés da cooperação e solidariedade entre os cidadãos. Trabalha aspectos escondidos nos meandros da vida social e que podem passar despercebidos ou desconectados quando se analisa aspectos criminais. Objetiva-se apontar, genericamente, que este delito contra o patrimônio dificulta o cumprimento do princípio do acesso universal a energia. Pretende-se, especificamente, descrever os impactos oriundos da impossibilidade de se precisar o gasto energético, bem como o direito e dever do indivíduo no que tange ao meio ambiente e aos direitos fundamentais. O alicerce teórico é o ecodesenvolvimento que permite o amálgama do avanço tecnológico na sociedade contemporânea, as responsabilidades da geração do presente com a necessidade de uma nova interpretação do direito penal, mais atenta às realidades sociais plúrimas, bem como com a maneira de gerenciar tais nuances. O método é o analítico-dedutivo por meio de pesquisas bibliográficas e normativas para responder ao problema sobre as implicações do furto de energia para o ambiente e para o acesso à eletricidade. Desenvolve-se nova perspectiva sobre as repercussões dos delitos reputados comuns sobre o ambiente, surgidos das inovações do mundo atual. Não se alcança, entretanto, conclusões exatas, fomenta-se discussões para pensar as condutas típicas sob novos referenciais
O CARÁTER REPRESSIVO NA LEGISLAÇÃO SOBRE ABORTO NO BRASIL
Authors: Sganzerla Rogerio Barros , Monica Eder Fernandes
Published: December 2018

Este artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa empírica aplicada dos projetos de lei sobre aborto no Congresso Nacional do Brasil. O objetivo é entender qual a preocupação do legislador brasileiro através da história no tema, levando em conta o contexto da sexualidade no mundo e no Brasil. Após a análise e sistematização dos dados, pode-se constatar que o Congresso Nacional possui algumas orientações importantes sobre o aborto: (i) é uma questão com discussão recente; (ii) o caráter repressivo é bastante presente nos projetos de lei, sejam em trâmite, sejam os arquivados; (iii) o foco principal do debate é o aspecto criminal do aborto (legalização ou criminalização); (iv) os projetos transitam e são deliberados essencialmente nas Comissões e não em Plenário; e (iv) há uma tendência em manter o status quo atual do aborto e somente vinte e cinto (25) projetos de lei, de um total de cento e vinte e nove (129), tratam de políticas públicas específicas para as mulheres. Constatou-se que somente um projeto foi transformado em Lei Ordinária e, mesmo assim, pretendendo retirar uma expressão específica do artigo 20 da Lei de Contravenções Penais. Desse modo, os dados coletados no Congresso Nacional verificaram a possibilidade da legislação abortiva atual se caracterizar também como um instrumento afirmativo da autodeterminação sexual das mulheres, bem como um meio de proteção da sua liberdade sexual e da sua privacidade, dentro de uma história da política sexual ocidental. Porém, há ainda um forte caráter repressivo dentro da sua temática e restrição da autonomia da mulher na sua tomada de decisão.
OS DESAFIOS PARA ADOÇÃO DA CLÁUSULA DE BARREIRA PARTIDÁRIA NO BRASIL À LUZ DO DIREITO ALEMÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Lucas Mateus Canabarro , Rodrigues Nina Trícia Disconzi
Published: December 2018

O presente trabalho versa sobre os desafios impostos a democracia brasileira diante do atual cenário de instabilidade política, dificuldades do poder executivo em formar bases de apoio no Congresso Nacional e a quantidade expressiva de partidos políticos envolvidos na operação Lava-Jato. No primeiro capítulo abordou-se o papel dos partidos políticos após a CRFB/88 na formação de uma eficiente democracia. No segundo tópico, enfrentou-se o excesso de partidos políticos no Brasil e as dificuldades impostas na formação das bancadas de apoio no Congresso Nacional, especialmente sob o prisma de partidos nanicos sem um mínimo de representatividade capaz de justificar sua presença no Parlamento, refletindo-se sobre a necessidade da adoção de uma cláusula de barreira partidária no Brasil, à luz do Direito Alemão. Para tanto, utilizou-se do método hipotético-dedutivo, valendo-se das premissas maiores para formação das premissas menores.
ACCESO TRANSNACIONAL A LA JUSTICIA Y GOBERNANZA GLOBAL (COMENTARIOS INTRODUCTORIOS A LOS PRINCIPIOS ASADIP SOBRE EL ACCESO TRANSNACIONAL A LA JUSTICIA)
Authors: Muñoz Javier L. Ochoa
Published: December 2018

Los Principios ASADIP sobre el Acceso Transnacional a la Justicia (TRANSJUS) se presentan como una propuesta de soft law que comprende reglas y enunciados orientados a regular litigios privados transnacionales. Su elemento característico más importante es que están concebidos para contribuir a garantizar los derechos fundamentales, en especial, el derecho de acceso a la justicia, desde una visión de la gobernanza global. Este artículo se limita a exponer algunas consideraciones introductorias sobre ese elemento característico.El acceso a la justicia se constituye hoy como uno de los derechos humanos de mayor importancia, que no se limita al ámbito de las relaciones jurídicas locales, sino que envuelve también las relaciones jurídicas transnacionales.A su lado, ha surgido el debate acerca del rol de los tribunales locales y los litigios transnacionales en la articulación de la gobernanza global. Pero el enfoque de la gobernanza está cargado de incertidumbre. Resulta difícil estructurar los valores e intereses comprendidos en esa gobernanza, así como determinar su interrelación con los derechos de los particulares. Sin embargo, se tienen elementos para sostener que el acceso efectivo a la justicia en el ámbito transnacional no solamente favorece los derechos particulares, sino que también contribuye a la realización de los más relevantes valores de la gobernanza global, como el bienestar económico, social y ambiental, así como la protección de los derechos humanos. En este sentido, se hace necesaria una idea de coordinación y cooperación jurídica internacional, que sustituya al paradigma de la plena separación recíproca de las soberanías.
A estética da docência da Educação Física: corpo, emoções e subjetividade
Authors: Maia Jusselma Ferreira , Rosito Margarete May Berkenbrock
Published: December 2018

Este artigo apresenta como objeto de estudo o sentido da Educação Estética na visão dos docentes de Educação Física que atuam no Ensino Fundamental I, de uma escola da rede privada do Estado de São Paulo, localizada na Zona Norte da cidade de São Paulo. O objetivo é compreender a atribuição de sentido da Educação Estética a partir das narrativas docentes da disciplina Educação Física no espaço escolar. Adota-se, como referencial teórico, a obra de Adorno, voltada para a compreensão dos parâmetros da estética da indústria cultural e da massificação da cultura, educação e emancipação, analisando os padrões de beleza e estética estipulados pela mídia, evitando assim o preconceito. A visão de Freire, no que se refere à crítica à Educação Bancária e a busca de superação, por meio da curiosidade estética, como caminho de conscientização e da autonomia. Esta pesquisa aproxima-se de Schiller, no que concerne à dimensão do sensível da arte nos processos formativos. O caminho traçado para a pesquisa será a Entrevista Narrativa com seis professores de Educação Física Escolar, que participaram de forma voluntária, e o questionário narrativo. Os dados são analisados sob o enfoque hermenêutico, na perspectiva de Gadamer (1997). A relevância social e acadêmica deste estudo encontra-se na possibilidade de compreender um dos objetivos da Educação Física o corpo e movimento, encontrando a possibilidade de compreender que o desenvolvimento da autonomia e emancipação dos sujeitos ocorre na dimensão estética nas aulas de Educação Física.
Contribuições do jogo e do esporte para a corporeidade de crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Moreira Wagner Wey
Published: December 2018

Neste século, os temas motricidade, movimento, jogos e esportes continuam merecendo a atenção de educadores, especialmente quando associados à escola formal e destinados às crianças e aos adolescentes. Daí uma das razões do presente texto, destinado a demonstrar a importância da vivência de jogos e esportes para a incorporação do sentido e da atitude da corporeidade em alunos da Educação Infantil e do Ensino Fundamental, contribuindo para uma educação mais prazerosa, lúdica, em que a aprendizagem não seja enfadonha, desmotivante, podendo os discentes exercerem sua capacidade de se movimentar, de estarem juntos para a busca da cidadania. Lutar para que professores na escola entendam e trabalhem a corporeidade do aluno é buscar uma educação de corpo inteiro, deixando de lado apenas o sentido de controlar e de disciplinar o corpo. Na escola, a corporeidade aprendente está vinculada à possibilidade de ensinar e defender valores atrelados ao aperfeiçoamento moral, ético, estético, técnico, crítico, na tentativa de deixar as relações dos homens mais humanas. É fundamental, no tempo presente, que o ato de educar contemple a complexidade do pensar e desmonte a racionalidade hegemônica calcada na ordem, no determinismo, na objetividade e no controle. Para isso impõe-se que a corporeidade seja educada levando em consideração a teoria dos jogos, na qual está presente a integração de eventualidades e determinismos, ordem e desordem, acaso e necessidade. Tudo isto está presente no ato de jogar e no praticar esporte. Tudo isto está presente no ato educativo.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS IN EGYPT 2015
Authors: ElAshmawy Wagdy R. , Bazid Abdelhamid I , Aboelkhair Mohamed , Sakr Mostafa A , Fayed Aysam M , Fawzy Mohamed
Published: December 2018

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is one of highly contagious viral diseases of small ruminants with high economic losses due to the high morbidity and mortality. In Egypt, PPR in the last 10 years re-emerged again with high mortality in sheep flocks. There is no much data regarding the circulating Peste des petits ruminants’ virus and the epidemiological distribution in small ruminants. The study was carried out on a sheep flock of 50 rams aged of 9-12 months with clinical signs suggestive to PPR infection (fever, erosions of the buccal mucosa, pneumonia, diarrhea high morbidity and mortality). Buffy coat and lymph nodes from diseased and dead animals were sent for diagnosis and molecular diagnosis was confirmed using RT-PCR with specific primers targeting three genes; nucleo-capsid (N), fusion (F), and hemagglutinin (H). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on the PCR products and revealed that, the circulating virus is belonged to lineage IV along with Ethiopian strain.Key words: peste des petits ruminants; molecular; epidemiological; diagnosis; Egypt MOLEKULARNA EPIDEMIOLOŠKA ŠTUDIJA KUGE DROBNICE V EGIPTU LETA 2015Povzetek: Kuga drobnice (PPR; iz angl. peste des petits) je ena izmed zelo nalezljivih virusnih bolezni malih prežvekovalcev, ki zaradi visoke obolevnosti in umrljivosti povzroča visoke gospodarske izgube. V Egiptu se je v zadnjih desetih letih PPR znova pojavila z visoko smrtnostjo pri ovcah. O kugi drobnice in epidemiologiji te bolezni pri malih prežvekovalcih v literaturi ne najdemo veliko podatkov. Opisana raziskava je bila opravljena v čredi 50 ovnov, starih od 9 do 12 mesecev, s kliničnimi znaki, ki so kazali na prisotnost bolezni PPR (zvišana telesna temperatura, erozije ustne sluznice, pljučnica, driska, visoka obolevnost in smrtnost). Za natančno diagnosticiranje bolezni je bil uporabljen del krvi, pridobljen s centrifugiranjem, ki vsebuje veliko levkocitov in trombocitov (angl. Buffy coat) in bezgavke obolelih in mrtvih ovnov. Z uporabo specifičnih oligonukleotidov za določanje prisotnosti nukleotidne (N), fuzijske (F) in hemaglutininske (H). beljakovine v reakciji RT PCR smo na molekularnem nivoju potrdili prisotnost okužbe s povzročiteljem PPR. Analiza zaporedja genov in filogenetske analize so bile izvedene na produktih analize PCR, pri tem pa smo ugotovili, da virus pripada liniji IV skupaj z etiopijskim sevom.Ključne besede: kuga drobnice; molekularna diagnostika; epidemiologija; Egipt
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF AVIAN POX VIRUS ISOLATED FROM PET BIRDS AND COMMERCIAL FLOCKS, IN IRAN
Authors: Ghalyanchilangeroudi Arash , Hosseini Hossein , Morshed Rima
Published: December 2018

Avian pox (AP) is a viral disease with a wide host range. The aim of the study was molecular identification and characterization of field isolated pox virus from pet birds and commercial flocks in Iran, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Scab materials of skin and mucosal lesions were collected from five clinically affected cases. PCR was used to amplify a 578 bp fragment of the poxvirus 4b core protein. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, this conserved poxvirus genetic region was sequenced and analyzed. The Iranian Avipoxvirus isolates in this study grouped in clade A1 (commercial chicken and turkey flocks) and B1 (canary). Further studies on a larger scale need to be developed to have a better understanding of the molecular characterization of the Iranian APV strains.Key words: avian pox; phylogenetic analysis; molecular characterization; Iran MOLEKULARNA KARAKTERIZACIJA IN FILOGENETSKA ANALIZA AVIARNEGA VIRUSA POX, IZOLIRANEGA PRI PETIH VRSTAH PTIC V KOMERICIALNIH JATAH V IRANUPovzetek: Osepnice ptic (AP, iz angl. avian pox) so virusna bolezen, ki lahko okužijo veliko različnih vrst ptic. Cilj predstavljene raziskave je bila molekularna identifikacija in karakterizacija izoliranih virusov pox, pridobljenih iz krast ljubiteljskih ptic in farmskih ptic v Iranu, s pomočjo metode PCR. Vzorci krast s področja sprememb na koži in sluznicah je bil zbran pri petih pacientih s kliničnimi znaki bolezni. S pomočjo metode PCR je bil pomnožen 578 baznih parov dolg odsek gena poxvirusa 4b. To ohranjeno območje poxvirusa je pomembno za določitev genskih razmerij med virusi, zato je bilo doloćeno zaporedje DNK za nadaljne analize. Iranska izolata Avipoxvirusa objavljena v tej študiji sta bila razvrščena v razred A1 (komercialne piščančje in puranje jate) in B1 (kanarčki). Za boljše razumevanje molekularne karakterizacije iranskih sevov virusa AP bo potrebno opraviti nadaljnje študije.Ključne besede: osepnice ptic; filogenetska analiza; molekularna karakterizacija; Iran
Inflation, Unemployment and NAIRU Estimate in Indonesia: Phillips Curve Approach
Authors: Hafnati Nurul , Syahnur Sofyan
Published: December 2018

The present study was carried out to analyze the relationship between inflation and unemployment in NAIRU estimate in Indonesia through Phillips curve approach during 25 years data from 1991-2016. The analysis model used in this research was Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) as attempts to determine the long run and short run relationships between inflation and unemployment matters in Indonesia. The results of Granger causality test indicated two-way relationship between inflation and unemployment in Indonesia. The formulated results on long run estimate pointed out that unemployment delivered negative and significant effects on inflation. Nonetheless, Wald Test designated that there was a short run relationship between inflation and unemployment
Comparative Analysis of Tourist Brand of Montenegro and Croatia
Authors: Rabrenović Jovan
Published: December 2018

The importance of tourism for the economy of a country, from the beginning of the 21st century, is significantly increased in relation to its traditional role as one of the segments of the economy. The speed through which tourism in the world, and therefore in the region, develops and the amount of revenues generated through it makes it the generator of the economic development of a large number of countries. Examples of Montenegro and Croatia, as two comparable systems for the way tourism was experienced and developed in the period of the former Yugoslavia, ie the time when the foundations of the tourism economy of the then republics, and today's sovereign states, as well as strategic approach and target markets, were set up is a comparison of the tourist brands of both countries, with the possibility of precisely determining the revenues realized by the two countries through the tourism sector and their two tourist brands as research purposes. The aim of the research is to determine the differences and similarity of tourist brands of Montenegro and Croatia, through analysis of several indicators, starting from those related to tourism and travel revenues and their impact on GDP, to the effects of the economies of these countries from capital investment and employment. Finally, the main result of the analysis is the confirmation that there is a significant impact of the country's tourist brand on the level of revenue generated by the economies of the analyzed countries. The research has also shown the necessity of further development of the tourist brand Montenegro in the direction of Croatia. Which means an active approach to solving infrastructure problems, greater application of marketing management, synchronization of campaigns with the strategies of developing the national brand of the state and building hotel capacities that meet the standards of the most developed tourism economies in Europe.
Estimation of Tobacco Products Price and Income Elasticity using Aggregate Data
Authors: Jovanovic Olivera , Zubović Jovan , Vladisavljević Marko , Bodrož Duško , Ljumović Isidora , Domazet Ivana , Đukić Mihajlo
Published: December 2018

In order to estimate elasticity of demand for tobacco products authors of this paper used aggregate level data. Research among low and middle income countries over the world empirically showed that demand for tobacco products is usually inelastic. Analysis conducted in the Republic of Serbia showed that price elasticity ranged between -0.76 and -0.62 while income elasticity ranged between 0.34 and 0.39.  The main aim of this paper is to estimate long run and short run demand elasticity based on aggregate level data for period 2002-2016 using Error Correction model. This research is unique in the SEE countries, while research conducted in other low and middle income countries in Western Balkan region showed similar results.
Síndrome Oculoglandular de Parinaud Causada por Sporothrix schenckii
Authors: Madureira Lucas da Silva , Gatti Rafael Figueiredo , Prohmann Caroline Medeiros , Sanmiguel Jéssica , De Almeida Margarete Teresa Gottardo , Mattar Fernanda Rodrigues de Oliveira , Antonio João Roberto
Published: December 2018

A síndrome oculoglandular de Parinaud consiste em forma especial de conjuntivite granulomatosa, muitas vezes relacionada à doença da arranhadura do gato, cuja apresentação clássica se caracteriza por uma síndrome febril acompanhada de granuloma conjuntival e linfonodomegalia ipsilateral. As doenças associadas a esta síndrome são doença da arranhadura do gato, infecção por herpes simples, esporotricose, blastomicose e coccidioidomicose, dentre outras. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com quadro de enantema conjuntival unilateral à direita acompanhado do aparecimento de nódulos em pálpebra ipsilateral. Os exames complementares incluindo cultura confirmaram o diagnóstico de esporotricose. A paciente foi tratada com itraconazol com resolução do quadro.
New World Leishmaniasis: The Role of Confocal Microscopy in Diagnosis and Follow-up - Tropical Dermatology
Authors: Ortins-Pina Ana , Soares-de-Almeida Luís , Filipe Paulo , Oliveira André Laureano
Published: December 2018

Cutaneous leishmaniasis may mimic other infections in overlapping endemic areas and timely treatment prevents dissemination of the parasite. The required histopathological and microbiological examinations are not always available, and can only give a deferred confirmation of the diagnosis. In contrast, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) allows real-time visualization till the level of papillary dermis. A 59-year-old Brazilian male presented with ulcerated plaques and tumors on the extremities. The clinical differential diagnosis included leishmaniasis and other infections with lymphocutaneous pattern of dissemination. RCM showed the characteristic picture of «eggs in a bird’s nest» which has been described in cutaneous leishmaniasis. The diagnosis of leishmaniasis was later confirmed by skin biopsy, in which Leishmania guyanensis was identified by parasitological examination. After treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, reassessment with RCM corroborated the clinical cure, showing an «empty nest» picture. In conclusion, RCM noninvasively provides useful information for diagnosis and follow-up of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Atopic Dermatitis: Perspectives and Attitudes of Adult Patients and Affected Child Caregivers Assessed by Focus Group
Authors: Mota Alberto
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Important dimensions such as personal experiences, attitudes toward disease, its causes and treatments, are not fully addressed in clinical trials. Focus group (FG) has emerged as an interesting and valuable tool in clinical research complementing this gap. The aim of this qualitative research was to assess in both caregivers and patients dealing with atopic dermatitis (AD) their attitudes, personal experiences and perspectives toward the disease and its topical treatment as well as the impact in quality of life (QoL).Material and Methods: For discussion sessions, 10 caregivers of children and 10 adult patients were recruited. Two sessions of FG took place with 3 main themes discussed: perspectives toward AD, topical treatments and the impact in QoL. All activities were recorded in video and the discussions and notes were then transcribed to a document, followed by transcripts analysis.Results: The best descriptive feelings in the moment of diagnosis where “concern” (30%) and “quality of life” (30%) for caregivers and patients, respectively. The actual “positive” emotion or state of mind toward the disease was “overcoming” for caregivers (21%) and “control” for patients (17%). The main “negative or neutral” emotion was “fear” for caregivers (13%) and “resignation” for patients (18%), but when projecting to their child, “frustration” (19%) was the most mentioned. In relation to topical treatments, the mean global satisfaction of caregivers was high for tacrolimus (8.5/10), except in the item “price”. In the case of patients, corticosteroids received a better score (8.0/10), with exception for “tolerability/adverse effects”. Features like “preventive treatment with reduction of flares” and “free of cortisone” were important for both participants in an “ideal topical medicine” setting. All participants showed high levels of negative impact in their QoL due to AD, with 47% and 64.6% considering scores of “very much” and “a lot” of interference, respectively.Conclusion: Qualitative studies in AD by FG are scarce and to our knowledge this is the first one gathering both adult patients and caregivers. The dimensions yielded by this approach are useful to complement data retrieved from clinical trials and to drive decisions from researchers and health authorities.
The Importance of Dedicated Dermatology Clinics in the Care of Organ Transplant Recipients.
Authors: Borges-Costa João , Hofbauer Günther FL
Published: December 2018

Organ transplant recipients have a high risk of skin cancer associated with immunosuppressive therapy and ultraviolet radiation. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer, in particular is up to 65-times higher than for the normal population. Field cancerization of sun- exposed skin is also a major health issue in these patients1.In Portugal there were 895 solid organ transplants in 2017, with the majority being kidney (529) and liver (259)2.   There are already several publications concerning skin cancer in Portuguese organ transplant recipients, reporting a prevalence of non-melanoma skin cancer ranging from 15% to 25% in renal transplant recipients3,4,5and 8% in one series6that included more liver transplant recipients with relatively less immunosuppression.The sunny geographical location and sun exposure habits, namely the poor knowledge and adherence to photoprotective measures, such as hats, long-sleeved clothes or sunscreen while on outdoor work or leisure activities, pose serious difficulties for skin cancer prevention in this population. In one study concerning knowledge of sun protective measures in a population of Portuguese transplant recipients7, 29% did not know that their risk of skin cancer was increased, and 25% of those who went to the beach stayed there between 11.30 and 16:00 pm. Not surprisingly, only 8% consulted a dermatologist in the first year after transplant7.Different organizations like the Skin Care in Organ Transplant Recipients - Europe (SCOPE) or the International Transplant Skin Cancer Collaborative (ITSCC) together with institutions such as the British National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE)8,9,10, recommend initial assessment of these patients by a dermatologist and providing them with education on photoprotection and self-examination of the skin. These patients also need regular follow-up with time intervals defined by their previous history of skin cancer and the presence of field cancerization of their sun-exposed skin. In such patients with previous skin cancer and detectable field cancerization, some authors11propose three months as time interval between appointments. Dedicated or specialist dermatology clinics for organ transplantation are recommended11,12,and have also been shown to improve compliance with photoprotection13. Their introduction in the main Portuguese referral hospitals for transplantation would allow earlier dermatological care, inclusion of dermatology among the specialties that collaborate in the transplant teams and reduction of the burden of skin cancer in these patients, saving lives and costs.
Establishment of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Authors: Корженевская Вероника , Korzhenevskaya Veronika
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The subject of research of this article are the historical processes that took place during the period of the formation of the Soviet power in Ukraine. The beginning of constitutional legal processes in Ukraine was closely connected with a number of factors that established “barriers” to independence, including civil war, intervention, and the declaration of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The author analyzes the legislation in force at that time, both of the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian People’s Republic. This article discusses the main historical documents, including regulatory legal acts, reflecting the processes of the formation of Soviet power in Ukraine. Methodological basis of the study: a complex of general and particular scientific methods of cognition. In the process of research, such methods as analysis and diachronic comparative method were used. The analysis made it possible to establish that the legalization of the Soviet power in Ukraine began with the adoption of the Constitution of the Ukrainian SSR in 1919 and continued until the end of the civil war and intervention.
STANDAR HUJAN EKSTRIM DI RIAU MENGGUNAKAN METODE REGRESI KUANTIL
Authors: Ardhitama Aristya , Ulina Yessy Christy
Published: December 2018

IntisariSalah satu akibat dari adanya fenomena penamasan global dan perubahan iklim adalah meningkatnya kasus kejadian cuaca ekstrim dan iklim ekstrim yang terjadi di hampir sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia khususnya di wilayah Riau. Hingga kini belum ada batasan yang jelas atau standar tentang suatu kondisi cuaca dan iklim yang dapat dikategorikan ekstrim. Dari hasil perhitungan curah hujan ekstrim di Riau dengan 2 daerah sampel pos hujan yaitu data Stamet Pekanbaru dan Stamet Japura Rengat, menggunakan metode regresi kuantil, untuk Kota Pekanbaru nilai ekstrim tertinggi pada bulan November 518 mm dan nilai ekstrim terendah 28 mm pada bulan Juli. Sedangkan untuk di daerah Rengat nilai batas atas untuk curah hujannya pada bulan Desember 431.4 mm dan untuk batas bawah 14.3 mm. Nilai ekstrim untuk curah hujan bermanfaat untuk peringatan dini banjir dan kekeringan. AbstractOne of the global warming and climate change effects is increased number of extreme weather events and extreme climate events that occurred in most of Indonesia region, Riau in particular. Yet, there are no distinct border or any standard definition for those events to be categorized as extreme events. Extreme rainfall events have been calculated using 2 weather station data as sample in this paper, those are Pekanbaru and Japura Rengat station, with quantile regression method. For Pekanbaru station, the highest rainfall event is in November with 518 mm monthly rainfall, and the lowest rainfall event is in July with 28 mm monthly rainfall. For Japura Rengat station the highest rainfall event is in December with 431.4 mm monthly rainfall, and the lowest rainfall event is 14.3 mm monthly rainfall. Extreme rainfall can be used for flood and drought early warning.
ANALISIS CUACA PADA SAAT PELAKSANAAN TMC PENANGGULANGAN BANJIR JAKARTA JANUARI FEBRUARI 2014
Authors: Mulyana Erwin
Published: December 2018

AbstrakPada tanggal 11 Januari sampai dengan 14 Februari 2014 telah dilaksanakan penerapan teknologi modifikasi cuaca (TMC) untuk menanggulangi banjir di wilayah Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Selama kegiatan tersebut fenomena ENSO dan IOD dalam kondisi normal. MJO menunjukkan aktifitas konvektif netral di wilayah Indonesia pada pertengahan Januari hingga pertengahan Februari 2014. Temperatur  permukaan laut di perairan Jawa bagian barat sekitar 28-290C. Kelembagan udara pada level 850 mb sekitar 70-80%. Pertumbuhan awan umumnya berada di sebelah barat daya, barat dan barat laut Jakarta. Indeks Monsoon Australia positif berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan pembentukan awan hujan di Jawa.Abstract Application of weather modification has carried out to reduce precipitation over Jakarta on 11 January to 14 February 2013. During this period, El Nino Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode were normal condition. The Madden Julian Oscillation shows that the convection over Indonesia region was netral condition. The sea surface temperature over west part of Java waters was 29-30 290C. The 850 mb average of relative humidity on mid January - mid February 2014 was 70-80%. Based on visual and weather radar observation, cloud development mainly over northwest to southwest of Jakarta. Positive Australian Summer Monsoon Index affected to increase precipitation over Java area.