bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ENCONTRO CULTURAL DE DIFERENTES MARGENS GEOGRÁFICAS ATRAVÉS DA ESCRITA DE PAULINA CHIZIANE E CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE
Authors: Santos Aurea Regina do Nascimento
Published: February 2024

Este artigo propõe um cotejamento das temáticas presentes nas narrativas de Paulina Chiziane e de Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, nos romances Niketche – uma história de poligamia, Ventos do apocalipse, A cor do hibisco e Meio sol amarelo; duas escritoras africanas, com produções no período pós-colonial de Moçambique e da Nigéria, respectivamente. Aspectos como cultura, tradição, efeitos da colonização, as opressões patriarcais, a rigidez nos costumes da sociedade em que vivem, o difícil acesso à educação formal interferem na consolidação da produção literária de mulheres africanas. Entretanto, quando as mulheres escrevem, quando as mulheres negras se movem, elas movimentam toda a estrutura social, como afirma Angela Davis (2018). A análise considerou as especificidades das sociedades moçambicana e nigeriana, das possibilidades e desafios que Paulina Chiziane e Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie vivenciaram diante do cenário literário de seus países, bem como a relação que as duas escritoras têm com as línguas em que escrevem suas obras. Ativistas ou não, Chiziane e Adichie retiram da margem suas culturas, tradições, histórias e vozes para desmistificar a literatura africana e a ‘história única’ que foi contada sobre as mulheres negras africanas durante muito tempo.
QUANTO VALE UM TERRITÓRIO? MARCAS DO DESASTRE DE FUNDÃO NA PAISAGEM DE MARIANA
Authors: Xavier Celiane Souza , Teixeira Maria Cristina Villefort
Published: February 2024

No âmago dos debates que propõem discutir os efeitos das maquinações capitalistas sobre os territórios, estão sublinhados os desastres sociotecnológicos e ambientais que têm na estruturação sistêmica do capital sua principal origem. Não é incomum, apesar disso, que as análises dessas repercussões sejam desatentas aos reflexos intangíveis das imposições capitalistas ao redor do mundo. Neste artigo síntese da dissertação da autora, pretendemos identificar, a partir do rompimento da barragem de Fundão, de propriedade da Vale Mineração S.A., da Samarco Mineração S.A. e da BHP Billiton – ocorrido em 05 de novembro de 2015 em Mariana-MG –, os custos materiais e imateriais da sobrevalorização de um modelo econômico fadado à autodestruição.  Para tanto, teremos na Paisagem da Destruição o parâmetro de análise que permitirá, por meio de seu amadurecimento conceitual, compreender as consequências de um desastre-crime que perdura ao longo do tempo contrastando com a retomada econômico-produtiva dos agentes mineradores nos territórios atingidos.
ANÁLISE MULTITEMPORAL DA COBERTURA VEGETAL EM ASSENTAMENTOS RURAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANASTÁCIO, MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Oliveira Ademir Kleber Morbeck , Oliskovicz Katiúcia , Pinto Jorge Souza , Pina José Carlos , Matias Rosemary
Published: February 2024

A implantação de assentamentos rurais em áreas consideradas devolutas e improdutivas criam expectativas de desenvolvimento econômico e social, a partir de práticas de agricultura familiar. Entretanto, a questão ambiental muitas vezes não é adequadamente mensurada e tais processos podem ocorrer causando os mesmos problemas encontrados nas práticas agropecuárias tradicionais. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as mudanças ocorridas na paisagem em dois assentamentos rurais (São Manoel e Monjolinho), localizados no município de Anastácio, Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio da análise da cobertura vegetal e uso da superfície da bacia entre os anos de 1986 e 2019. Os resultados indicaram que ocorreu uma redução contínua nas áreas de Floresta Estacional, restritas a menos de 21% no assentamento São Manoel e 28%, assentamento Monjolinho, com o avanço da classe de pastagens e a criação de gado, além da perda de recursos hídricos. Ao final, a implantação de projetos de assentamentos em áreas de vegetação nativa preservada indica que a questão social pode se sobrepor a questão ambiental e que a manutenção da biodiversidade ambiental não é um fator a ser levado em consideração, nesta situação.
A MÚSICA COMO POSSIBILIDADE GEOGRÁFICA DE COMPREENSÃO ACERCA DO IMAGINÁRIO DE SERTÃO NORDESTINO
Authors: Nobre de Melo Dayanne , Da Cunha Nóbrega Pedro Ricardo
Published: February 2024

O objetivo artigo é analisar o estudo de como a música se torna uma possibilidade para auxiliar a interpretação da construção do imaginário sobre o sertão nordestino e como esse imaginário possibilita múltiplas interpretações geográficas. Revelando de que maneira a relação entre a música e a geografia ajuda a compreender as construções do imaginário sobre o sertão nordestino. As reflexões deste escrito derivam da perspectiva da geografia humanística, estabelecendo a música como uma possibilidade analítica importante para auxiliar no entendimento do imaginário acerca do sertão nordestino sob uma perspectiva geográfica. Os estudos foram apoiados em uma sistematização de ordem qualitativa e foram selecionadas 19 músicas, considerando os recortes temáticos, tendo como princípio norteador os procedimentos analíticos da Análise do Discurso. A análise possibilitou a elaboração de cinco categorias: cultura, seca e migração, preconceito, saudade e resistência. É com esse olhar, que serão revelados os diálogos com o cotidiano, os acontecimentos, as pessoas e a história e entenderemos que o sertão nordestino, criado por meio da união de vários discursos, teve na música um papel decisivo na divulgação e representações na construção do seu imaginário, influenciando na própria geografia.
Retrospective chart review of metabolic screening of patients receiving clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications
Authors: Sanjeevi Sujatha , Zubir Muadz Mohd , Bennett Rose , Cevikel Piril , Nor Natasya , Cocoman Angela
Published: February 2024

Background/Aims

Individuals treated with antipsychotic medications are at risk of developing metabolic syndrome, negatively impacting the quality of life among patients with severe mental illness. The aim of this study was to examine metabolic screening data and determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among those who were prescribed clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics.

Methods

This retrospective chart review looked at 307 patient records who were prescribed clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics as part of a service improvement initiative.

Results

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 60.2% and 49.5% for those on clozapine and long-acting injectable antipsychotics respectively, with no significant difference between groups (χ2 (1, n=198)=2.295, P=0.130). Screening rates were significantly higher for patients receiving clozapine (42.5–96.2%) vs those receiving long-acting injectable antipsychotics (20.5–55.7%). There were significant differences between screening rates and clinical sites; the clozapine clinic had the highest completed screening rate (90.7%).

Conclusions

Screening of metabolic syndrome is insufficient among patients prescribed long-acting injectable compared to clozapine despite similarly high prevalence. Having a robust screening practice promotes early intervention to prevent metabolic syndrome, reduces the risk of developing comorbid health conditions and premature death, and improves the physical health of patients treated with antipsychotic medications. This study also recommends that service development efforts should target these screening deficiencies to improve the quality of life of patients with severe mental illness.
The alcohol liaison service: 12 months on
Authors: Fernandez Jeff , Reaburn Kevin , Ryan Jennifer
Published: February 2024

A previous article published in this journal discussed an outpatients clinic in north London to illustrate the way it can treat patients effectively to keep them engaged and allow them to benefit from treatment. This article provides a 12-month update and further evidences the positive outcomes that can be achieved with an outpatients clinic treating patients who are admitted to hospital with alcohol dependency, using two case studies as examples.
Use of cognitive aids in paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Chung SunHee , Walker-Stevenson Grace , Eriksson Carl , Hansen Matt , Meckler Garth D , Guise Jeanne-Marie
Published: February 2024

Background:

Paediatric cardiac arrest resuscitation is a high-stakes, rare event that can cause high stress levels in emergency medical services (EMS) practitioners. The demands of this work could raise cognitive load on practitioners, which may contribute to adverse safety events.

Methods:

An EMS agency survey was developed as part of a larger study into organisation-level factors that affect paediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest care. Questions focused on the types and numbers of cognitive aids, and whether a paediatric emergency care coordinator (PECC) was present. The number and frequency of these aids were analysed, and statistical significance assessed. The number and type of aids were stratified according to the presence of a PECC and paediatric call volumes.

Results:

The number of available resources ranged from 0 to 4, with a mean of 2.6 and a median of 3; the average number used was 2.0. These figures are higher than for adults. The most commonly available resources were local protocols, followed by local medication/equipment guides and Broselow tape. The least commonly available were paediatric advanced life support cards. No significant differences were found between the number of resources and the presence of a PECC or call volume.

Conclusion:

There is wide variability of resources to support EMS providers in the resuscitation of infants and children in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Walking an unconventional path
Authors: Workman Ellie
Published: February 2024

After leaving behind ambitions to be a farmer, Ellie Workman has found a new passion in paramedicine and shares her path in her first student column as she navigates second year
Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia
Authors: HARLYAN LEDHYANE IKA , RAHMAN MUHAMMAD ARIF , RIHMI MIHROBI KHALWATU , ABDILLAH SYA’DIYA FAHMA ARMI
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Harlyan LI, Rahman MA, Rihmi MK, Abdillah SFA. 2023. Biological parameters and spawning potential ratio of Longtail Tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in Kranji fishing port, Lamongan District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 6527-6535. Longtail Tuna (Thunnus tonggol), one of the small-pelagic tropical fisheries in the Fisheries Management Area (FMA-712), is important in supporting global food security. Therefore, to ensure its sustainability, this fishery is applying for fishery certification to be an ecolabel fishery by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC). However, limited information about Longtail Tuna's biological parameters and stock status in this management area will lead to failure in certification completion. This study aims to provide biological parameters and stock status of Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port, Lamongan, Indonesia. Length, weight, and gonad weight of female Longtail Tuna individuals which landed in the Kranji fishing port were conducted from January to April 2023. Several analyses were carried out to figure out the biological parameters of Longtail Tuna, such as length-weight relationship, length at first maturity ( ) and length at first capture ( ) estimation. Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) analysis was conducted to estimate fish exploitation. Results showed that the Longtail Tuna landing in the Kranji fishing port exhibited a negative allometric growth pattern with the length-weight relationship model W = 0.0433 FL2.7608. A comparison between  (43.9+0.11cm) and  (43.6+0.04cm) indicated that most female Longtail Tuna landed in the Kranji fishing port are mature (60% of the total samples). The LB-SPR analysis showed moderate exploitation status (SPR = 34%). Fishing activities are still manageable in this situation by focusing on stock sustainability. An overlapping fishing ground occurs in the Kranji water, showing the domination of two species landed in the Kranji fishing port, Longtail Tuna and Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynnus affinis). Therefore, Longtail Tuna fishery management might also consider fishery management of Eastern Little Tuna or other species with overlapped habitats.
Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats
Authors: AMRULLAH MUHAMMAD FAJAR , UTOMO BUDI , UTAMA SUZANITA , LESTARI TITA DAMAYANTI , SUPRAYOGI TRI WAHYU , RESTIADI TJUK IMAM , BELGANIA RISTAQUL HUSNA , PAKPAHAN SUHENDRA , KHAIRULLAH ASWIN RAFIF , KURNIAWAN SHENDY CANADYA , SILAEN OTTO SAHAT MARTUA , HASIB ABDULLAH
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Amrullah MF, Utomo B, Utama S, Lestari TD, Suprayogi TW, Restiadi TI, Belgania RH, Pakpahan S, Khairullah AR, Kurniawan SC, Silaen OSM, Hasib A. 2023. Comparison of genetic diversity of LEP gene between Indonesia domestic goats: Etawa Cross and Senduro Goats. Biodiversitas 24: 6567-6573. The leptin (LEP) gene is a gene that functions to produce the hormone leptin secreted by fat tissue that can increase livestock productivity. This study aimed to identify the profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats. Gene profiling includes single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phylogeny tree reconstruction. Furthermore, 10 whole blood samples from 5 Etawah Cross goats and 5 Senduro goats were collected from goat farms in Lumajang District, Lumajang Regency, Indonesia. The Research procedure involved collecting blood samples, extracting DNA, amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using specific primers, and nucleotide sequencing method. The edited DNA sequences were aligned with some DNA sequences (n=32) of the Capra hircus group published in Genbank. The results of this study obtained the alignment of the LEP gene sequences of Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats, including T723A, G729A, G758A, A763T, G774C, T1100C, and G1454A. Based on the LEP gene phylogeny tree, Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats belong to the same clade and have a close kinship with the Bligon goats. The profile of the LEP gene between Etawah Cross goats and Senduro goats varies so that further studies can be carried out to look for the relationship between SNPs and the productivity traits of the LEP gene.
Wood decomposers on six community timber species in two different locations
Authors: NURHADI MARLINA WIDYA , ARINANA ARINANA , RAHMAWATI ANINDYA INTAN , HERLIYANA ELIS NINA , ANDIKA RIKI , HIMMI SETIAWAN KHOIRUL
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Nurhadi MW, Arinana A, Rahmawati AI, Herliyana EN, Andika R, Himmi SK. 2023. Wood decomposers on six community timber species in two different locations. Biodiversitas 24: 6629-6640. Wood has a close relationship with termites and fungi as decomposers. Decomposers are important as dead organic matter is broken down into elements and returned to the soil. This study aims to analyze the amount of wood attacked by termites and fungi on six types of community timber during six months of testing at two different locations, analyze the degree of damage, and identify the species of termites and fungi that attack them. The research was conducted in two locations: the Arboretum of the Faculty of Forestry and Environment of IPB and a residential area in Bogor Asri, Cibinong Sub-district, Bogor District. The wood tested were Acacia mangium, Falcataria moluccana, Anthocephalus cadamba, Maesopsis eminii, Pinus merkusii, and Hevea brasiliensis. Tests were conducted based on ASTM D 1758-06. Infested wood increased with the time tested, and infestation was higher in the arboretum (75%) than in the residential area (39.4%). The highest level of wood damage in the arboretum was Hevea brasiliensis (35.4 g); in residential, it was Pinus merkusii (18.9 g). The subterranean termite types found during the six months of testing are Macrotermes sp., Microtermes sp., Schedorhinotermes sp., and Odontotermes sp. The weathering fungi types found during the six months of testing were  Aspergillus sp., Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Gliocladium sp., Mycelia sterilia, and red fungus. Soil type, moisture, and ambient temperature also strongly favored the development of decomposer life found in the two research sites.
Effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation in rat lung tissue
Authors: Lestari Indah Puji , Chozin Iin Noor , Sartono Teguh Rahayu , Sasiarini Laksmi , Yudhanto Hendy Setyo
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND A high-calorie diet increases the risk of obesity. Accumulation of fat causes inflammation, as seen by the increased ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophages in a high-calorie diet. The pro-inflammatory shift in macrophage polarization may result in hypoxia, fibrosis, emphysema, and asthma. This study aimed to determine the effect of a high-calorie diet on pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio through fat accumulation.

METHODS This experimental study used in vivo test in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10–12 weeks. The rats were divided into high-calorie and normal diet groups for 16 weeks. Obesity in rats was defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of >0.68 g/cm2. Examination of lung fat accumulation was done through oil red O staining, while pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio was tested through CD11c and CD206 expressions by immunohistochemical method.

RESULTS The high-calorie diet group had higher BMI (0.72 [0.02] versus 0.62 [0.03]; p<0.001), lung fat accumulation (32.73 [10.55] versus 0.37 [0.38]; p<0.001), and pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (0.83 [0.02] versus 0.24 [0.006]; p<0.001). The higher the fat accumulation, the higher the pro- to anti-inflammatory macrophage ratio (r = 0.933; p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS The ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory was higher in the high-calorie diet group, indicating polarization of macrophages toward pro-inflammatory macrophages.
Investigation of graphene-supported submillimeter adjustable metamaterial absorbers
Authors: Jiang Shizeng , Cao Duo , Liu Shilin , Cheng Yan , Li Jiaxin , Lianhao He , Lin Fantting , Liu Feng , He Xiaoyong
Published: February 2024

Based on a graphene ribbon resonator, the tunable resonant properties of metamaterials (MMs) have been symmetrically investigated in the submillimeter region, including the effect of the graphene Fermi levels, rotation angles, incident angles, and polarization angles. The results manifest that the proposed graphene ribbon MMs indicate a high Q-factor of more than 20. The Fermi level significantly affects the resonant curves; obvious resonant peaks can be observed if the Fermi level is larger than 0.20 eV, and the resonant strength increases with the Fermi level. For instance, for single graphene ribbons, the absorption modulation depth (MD) is about 22.60% on the condition that the Fermi level changes in the range of 0.1–1.0 eV, and the absorption amplitude MD reaches about 93.85% if the rotation angles of the graphene ribbon degree change in the range of 0–90 deg. Additionally, by using triple graphene ribbons with different lengths, multiple resonant peaks (0.22 THz, 0.345 THz, and 0.46 THz) can be achieved simultaneously. Apart from the good tunable properties, the amplitude MD is about 76.6% (82.18%) if the incident (polarization) angle of the THz wave changes in the range of 0–90 deg. These results can help us better understand the tunable mechanisms of graphene metamaterials and design high performances devices such as light absorbers, detectors, and sensors.
A salute to the editorial board of JOSA B: editorial
Authors: Busch Kurt
Published: February 2024

Editor-in-Chief Kurt Busch announces changes to the editorial board and introduces the Journal’s newest topical editors.
Picojoule-level supercontinuum generation in thin-film lithium niobate on sapphire
Authors: Hamrouni Marin , Jankowski Marc , Hwang Alexander Y. , Flemens Noah , Mishra Jatadhari , Langrock Carsten , Safavi-Naeini Amir H. , Fejer Martin M. , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: February 2024

We demonstrate ultraviolet-to-mid-infrared supercontinuum generation (SCG) inside thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) on sapphire nanowaveguides. This platform combines wavelength-scale confinement and quasi-phasematched nonlinear interactions with a broad transparency window extending from 350 to 4500 nm. Our approach relies on group-velocity-matched second-harmonic generation, which uses an interplay between saturation and a small phase-mismatch to generate a spectrally broadened fundamental and second harmonic using only a few picojoules of in-coupled fundamental pulse energies. As the on-chip pulse energy is increased to tens of picojoules, these nanowaveguides generate harmonics up to the fifth order by a cascade of sum-frequency mixing processes. For in-coupled pulse energies in excess of 25 picojoules, these harmonics merge together to form a supercontinuum spanning 360–2660 nm. We use the overlap between the first two harmonic spectra to detect f-2f beatnotes of the driving laser directly at the waveguide output, which verifies the coherence of the generated harmonics. These results establish TFLN-on-sapphire as a viable platform for generating ultra-broadband coherent light spanning from the ultraviolet to mid-infrared spectral regions.
Planar 16-band metasurface-enhanced spectral filter for integrated image sensing
Authors: Zhou Chufan , Martin Olivier J. F. , Charbon Edoardo
Published: February 2024

We study theoretically and demonstrate experimentally a 16-band narrow band wavelength selective filter in the near-infrared range. The combination of a pair of distributed Bragg reflectors with a sub-wavelength grating metasurface embedded in the intra-cavity provides a narrow response which can be tuned by adjusting the geometry of the sub-wavelength grating metasurface. The key advantage of this approach is its ease of fabrication, where the spectral response is tuned by merely changing the grating period, resulting in a perfectly planar geometry that can be easily integrated with a broad variety of photodetectors, thus enabling attractive applications such as bio-imaging, time-of-flight sensors and LiDAR. The experimental results are supported by numerical simulations and effective medium theory that unveil the mechanisms that lead to the optical response of the device. It is also shown how the polarization dependence of the structure can be used to determine very accurately the polarization of incoming light.
Observing thermal lensing with quantum light
Authors: Barbieri Marco , Venditti Iole , Battocchio Chiara , Berardi Vincenzo , Bruni Fabio , Gianani Ilaria
Published: February 2024

The introduction of quantum methods in spectroscopy can provide enhanced performance and technical advantages in the management of noise. We investigate the application of quantum illumination in a pump and probe experiment. Thermal lensing in a suspension of gold nanorods is explored using a classical beam as the pump and the emission from parametric downconversion as the probe. We obtain an insightful description of the behavior of the suspension under pumping with a method known to provide good noise rejection. Our findings are a further step toward investigating the effects of quantum light in complex plasmonic media.
Noncritical birefringence phase-matched second harmonic generation in a lithium-niobate-on-insulator micro-waveguide for green light emission
Authors: Ding Tingting , Tang Yongzhi , Li Hao , Liu Shijie , Zhang Jing , Zheng Yuanlin , Chen Xianfeng
Published: February 2024

Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI) holds great potential for frequency conversion, where a variety of high-performance nonlinear devices based on different structures has been demonstrated. Here, we report on second harmonic generation (SHG) in MgO-doped LNOI ridge micro-waveguides for efficient green light emission, via an exact type-I noncritical birefringence phase matching (BPM). The LNOI micro-waveguide has a cross section of ∼3×4 μm2, featuring low coupling loss with lens fiber. The normalized conversion efficiency from a continuous-wave (cw) pump to its second harmonic is measured to be 37%/Wcm2 in a single-pass configuration. The device shows both relatively high efficiency and a void of periodic poling, offering a potential solution for efficient and scalable green light sources and frequency converters.
Band structure reconfiguration and surface Faraday rotation in Bi-substituted iron garnets
Authors: Dash Sushree S. , Odegard Gregory , Levy Miguel
Published: February 2024

Bismuth-substituted lutetium iron garnets have exhibited a remarkable enhancement in Faraday rotation (FR) for films thinner than 50 nm. A sevenfold amplification in the magneto-optic gyrotropy was found to occur within 2 nm of the air-surface interface at 532 nm wavelength. The present study delves into the underlying physical mechanisms contributing to such amplification. Near-surface changes in band structure in these materials and their connection to the magneto-optic response are explored. Density functional theory is employed to investigate the changes in density of states and overall band structure reconfiguration of surface atoms. The transition dipole matrix (TDM) model is then applied to both bulk and surface states, correctly predicting a Faraday rotation enhancement at the surface as a result of overall surface band structure reconfiguration and resulting bandgap reduction. Surface versus bulk FR spectral response is extended beyond prior studies over the full visible and the near-infrared spectral ranges, predicting significant amplification across the telecom band. Experimental analysis through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Vis spectroscopy reveal a reduction in bandgap as films are thinned down from 200 nm to 40 nm. By providing a deeper physical understanding of the origin of enhanced Faraday rotation at the surface, this work opens up avenues for more efficient miniaturized Faraday rotation applications. Knowledge of the band structure information thus uncovered may be used to demonstrate novel and more advanced applications.
Research on calculation method of on-orbit instrumental line shape function for the Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument on the GaoFen-5B satellite
Authors: Shi Hailiang , Han Yunfei , Li Zhiwei , Yan Luo , Ye Hanhan , Li Chao , Ding Yi , Wu Shichao , wang xianhua , Wei Xiong , Hou Chenhui
Published: February 2024

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, hyperspectral resolution, and large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the important parameters characterizing the characteristics of the instrument and plays a vital role in the system error analysis of instrument measurement. To accurately obtain the instrumental line shape function of the spatial heterodyne spectrometer during on-orbit period and improve the accuracy of gas concentration retrieval, this paper develops a method to model and characterize the characteristics of the instrumental line shape function, including modulation loss and phase error. Utilizes the stability of solar observation spectrum wavelength and is not influenced by additional conditions to update the instrument line function. The Kurucz solar spectrum model used as the theoretical reference spectrum, selects the characteristic spectral lines corresponding to the measured solar calibration spectrum and the reference spectrum in the 1.568~1.583 μm band, and adjusts the instrumental line shape function model parameters, iterates the characteristic spectral lines residual, and calculates the instrumental line shape function variations. The updated instrumental line shape function has increased the average relative deviation between the theoretical simulated and measured solar spectrum from 1.83% to 0.756%, and the average relative deviation between the nadir observation spectrum and the simulated spectrum has increased from 7.049% to 2.106%. The findings demonstrate that updating the instrumental line shape function mitigates the impact of variations in the spectrometer's instrumental line shape due to alterations in the orbital environment. This offers a dependable reference for both the enhancement and oversight of the spectrometer's instrumental line shape function, along with the investigation of shifts in instrument parameters.
Oxidative stress changes interactions between 2 bacterial species from competitive to facilitative
Authors: Di Martino Rita , Picot Aurore , Mitri Sara
Published: February 2024

Knowing how species interact within microbial communities is crucial to predicting and controlling community dynamics, but interactions can depend on environmental conditions. The stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that species are more likely to facilitate each other in harsher environments. Even if the SGH gives some intuition, quantitative modeling of the context-dependency of interactions requires understanding the mechanisms behind the SGH. In this study, we show with both experiments and a theoretical analysis that varying the concentration of a single compound, linoleic acid (LA), modifies the interaction between 2 bacterial species, Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Comamonas testosteroni, from competitive at a low concentration, to facilitative at higher concentrations where LA becomes toxic for one of the 2 species. We demonstrate that the mechanism behind facilitation is that one species is able to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are produced spontaneously at higher concentrations of LA, allowing for short-term rescue of the species that is sensitive to ROS and longer coexistence in serial transfers. In our system, competition and facilitation between species can occur simultaneously, and changing the concentration of a single compound can alter the balance between the two.
Relation of connectome topology to brain volume across 103 mammalian species
Authors: Puxeddu Maria Grazia , Faskowitz Joshua , Seguin Caio , Yovel Yossi , Assaf Yaniv , Betzel Richard , Sporns Olaf
Published: February 2024

The brain connectome is an embedded network of anatomically interconnected brain regions, and the study of its topological organization in mammals has become of paramount importance due to its role in scaffolding brain function and behavior. Unlike many other observable networks, brain connections incur material and energetic cost, and their length and density are volumetrically constrained by the skull. Thus, an open question is how differences in brain volume impact connectome topology. We address this issue using the MaMI database, a diverse set of mammalian connectomes reconstructed from 201 animals, covering 103 species and 12 taxonomy orders, whose brain size varies over more than 4 orders of magnitude. Our analyses focus on relationships between volume and modular organization. After having identified modules through a multiresolution approach, we observed how connectivity features relate to the modular structure and how these relations vary across brain volume. We found that as the brain volume increases, modules become more spatially compact and dense, comprising more costly connections. Furthermore, we investigated how spatial embedding shapes network communication, finding that as brain volume increases, nodes’ distance progressively impacts communication efficiency. We identified modes of variation in network communication policies, as smaller and bigger brains show higher efficiency in routing- and diffusion-based signaling, respectively. Finally, bridging network modularity and communication, we found that in larger brains, modular structure imposes stronger constraints on network signaling. Altogether, our results show that brain volume is systematically related to mammalian connectome topology and that spatial embedding imposes tighter restrictions on larger brains.
Trained recurrent neural networks develop phase-locked limit cycles in a working memory task
Authors: Pals Matthijs , Macke Jakob H. , Barak Omri
Published: February 2024

Neural oscillations are ubiquitously observed in many brain areas. One proposed functional role of these oscillations is that they serve as an internal clock, or ‘frame of reference’. Information can be encoded by the timing of neural activity relative to the phase of such oscillations. In line with this hypothesis, there have been multiple empirical observations of such phase codes in the brain. Here we ask: What kind of neural dynamics support phase coding of information with neural oscillations? We tackled this question by analyzing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) that were trained on a working memory task. The networks were given access to an external reference oscillation and tasked to produce an oscillation, such that the phase difference between the reference and output oscillation maintains the identity of transient stimuli. We found that networks converged to stable oscillatory dynamics. Reverse engineering these networks revealed that each phase-coded memory corresponds to a separate limit cycle attractor. We characterized how the stability of the attractor dynamics depends on both reference oscillation amplitude and frequency, properties that can be experimentally observed. To understand the connectivity structures that underlie these dynamics, we showed that trained networks can be described as two phase-coupled oscillators. Using this insight, we condensed our trained networks to a reduced model consisting of two functional modules: One that generates an oscillation and one that implements a coupling function between the internal oscillation and external reference.

In summary, by reverse engineering the dynamics and connectivity of trained RNNs, we propose a mechanism by which neural networks can harness reference oscillations for working memory. Specifically, we propose that a phase-coding network generates autonomous oscillations which it couples to an external reference oscillation in a multi-stable fashion.
Nonhomologous tails direct heteroduplex rejection and mismatch correction during single-strand annealing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sapède Elena , Sugawara Neal , Tyers Randall G. , Nakajima Yuko , Afreen Mosammat Faria , Romero Escobar Jesselin , Haber James E.
Published: February 2024

Single-strand annealing (SSA) is initiated when a double strand break (DSB) occurs between two flanking repeated sequences, resulting in a deletion that leaves a single copy of the repeat. We studied budding yeast strains carrying two 200-bp URA3 sequences separated by 2.6 kb of spacer DNA (phage lambda) in which a site-specific DSB can be created by HO or Cas9 endonucleases. Repeat-mediated deletion requires removal of long 3’-ended single-stranded tails (flaps) by Rad1-Rad10 with the assistance of Msh2-Msh3, Saw1 and Slx4. A natural 3% divergence of unequally spaced heterologies between these repeats (designated F and A) causes a significant reduction in the frequency of SSA repair. This decrease is caused by heteroduplex rejection in which mismatches (MMs) in the annealed intermediate are recognized by the MutS (Msh2 and Msh6) components of the MM repair (MMR) pathway coupled to unwinding of the duplex by the Sgs1-Rmi1-Top3 helicase. MutL homologs, Mlh1-Pms1 (MutL), are not required for rejection but play their expected role in mismatch correction. Remarkably, heteroduplex rejection is very low in strains where the divergent repeats were immediately adjacent (Tailless strains) and the DSB was induced by Cas9. These results suggest that the presence of nonhomologous tails strongly stimulates heteroduplex rejection in SSA. DNA sequencing analysis of SSA products from the FA Tailed strain showed a gradient of correction favoring the sequence opposite each 3’ end of the annealed strand. Mismatches located in the center of the repair intermediate were corrected by Msh2-Msh6 mediated mismatch correction, while correction of MMs at the extremity of the SSA intermediate often appears to use a different mechanism, possibly by 3’ nonhomologous tail removal that includes part of the homologous sequence. In contrast, in FA Tailless strains there was a uniform repair of the MMs across the repeat. A distinctive pattern of correction was found in the absence of MSH2, in both Tailed and Tailless strains, different from the spectrum seen in a msh3Δ msh6Δ double mutant. Previous work has shown that SSA is Rad51-independent but dependent on the strand annealing activity of Rad52. However Rad52 becomes dispensable in a Tailless construct where the DSB is induced by Cas9 or in transformation of a plasmid where SSA occurs in the absence of nonhomologous tails.
Improving TB detection among children in routine clinical care through intensified case finding in facility-based child health entry points and decentralized management: A before-and-after study in Nine Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Lemaire Jean-François , Cohn Jennifer , Kakayeva Shirin , Tchounga Boris , Ekouévi Patricia Fassinou , Ilunga Vicky Kambaji , Ochieng Yara Donald , Lanje Samson , Bhamu Yusuf , Haule Leo , Namubiru Mary , Nyamundaya Tichaona , Berset Maude , de Souza Mikhael , Machekano Rhoderick , Casenghi Martina ,   the CaP-TB Study team
Published: February 2024

In 2022, an estimated 1.25 million children <15 years of age developed tuberculosis (TB) worldwide, but >50% remained undiagnosed or unreported. WHO recently recommended integrated and decentralized models of care as an approach to improve access to TB services for children, but evidence remains limited. The Catalyzing Paediatric TB Innovation project (CaP-TB) implemented a multi-pronged intervention to improve TB case finding in children in nine sub-Saharan African countries. The intervention introduced systematic TB screening in different facility-based child-health entry-points, decentralisation of TB diagnosis and management, improved sample collection with access to Xpert® MTB/RIF or MTB/RIF Ultra testing, and implementation of contact investigation. Pre-intervention records were compared with those during intervention to assess effect on paediatric TB cascade of care. The intervention screened 1 991 401 children <15 years of age for TB across 144 health care facilities. The monthly paediatric TB case detection rate increased significantly during intervention versus pre-intervention (+46.0%, 95% CI 36.2–55.8%; p<0.0001), with variability across countries. The increase was greater in the <5 years old compared to the 5–14 years old (+53.4%, 95% CI 35.2–71.9%; p<0.0001 versus +39.9%, 95% CI 27.6–52.2%; p<0.0001). Relative contribution of lower-tier facilities to total case detection rate increased from 37% (71.8/191.8) pre-intervention to 50% (139.9/280.2) during intervention. The majority (89.5%) of children with TB were identified through facility-based intensified case-finding and primarily accessed care through outpatient and inpatient departments. In this multi-country study implemented under real-life conditions, the implementation of integrated and decentralized interventions increased paediatric TB case detection. The increase was driven by lower-tier facilities that serve as the primary point of healthcare contact for most patients. The effect was greater in children < 5 years compared to 5–14 years old, representing an important achievement as the TB detection gap is higher in this subpopulation. (Study number NCT03948698)
Are behavioral economics interventions effective in increasing colorectal cancer screening uptake: A systematic review of evidence and meta-analysis?
Authors: Ahadinezhad Bahman , Maleki Aisa , Akhondi Amirali , Kazemi Mohammadjavad , Yousefy Sama , Rezaei Fatemeh , Khosravizadeh Omid
Published: February 2024

Various interventions have been investigated to improve the uptake of colorectal cancer screening. In this paper, the authors have attempted to provide a pooled estimate of the effect size of the BE interventions running a systematic review based meta-analysis. In this study, all the published literatures between 2000 and 2022 have been reviewed. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. The main outcome was the demanding the one of the colorectal cancer screening tests. The quality assessment was done by two people so that each person evaluated the studies separately and independently based on the individual participant data the modified Jadad scale. Pooled effect size (odds ratio) was estimated using random effects model at 95% confidence interval. Galbraith, Forrest and Funnel plots were used in data analysis. Publication bias was also investigated through Egger’s test. All the analysis was done in STATA 15. From the initial 1966 records, 38 were included in the final analysis in which 72612 cases and 71493 controls have been studied. About 72% have been conducted in the USA. The heterogeneity of the studies was high based on the variation in OR (I2 = 94.6%, heterogeneity X2 = 670.01 (d.f. = 36), p < 0.01). The random effect pooled odds ratio (POR) of behavioral economics (BE) interventions was calculated as 1.26 (95% CI: 1.26 to 1.43). The bias coefficient is noteworthy (3.15) and statistically significant (p< 0.01). According to the results of this meta-analysis, health policy and decision makers can improve the efficiency and cost effectiveness of policies to control this type of cancer by using various behavioral economics interventions. It’s noteworthy that due to the impossibility of categorizing behavioral economics interventions; we could not perform by group analysis.
Clinical value of the fibrosis-4 index in predicting mortality in patients with right ventricular pacing
Authors: Inoue Naoya , Morikawa Shuji , Ogane Takashi , Hiramatsu Takehiro , Murohara Toyoaki
Published: February 2024

Background

The fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index has attracted attention as a predictive factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with heart disease. However, its clinical value in patients with implanted pacemakers remains unclear.

Methods

This study included patients who underwent pacemaker implantation. The FIB-4 index was calculated based on blood tests performed during the procedure. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes included cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke). The FIB-4 index was stratified into tertiles. Between-group comparisons were performed using log-rank tests and multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazards. The predictive accuracy and cut-off value of the FIB-4 index were calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve for all-cause mortality. Finally, based on the calculated cut-off values, the patients were divided into two groups for outcome validation and subgroup analysis.

Results

This study included 201 participants, of whom 38 experienced death during the observation period (median: 1097 days). All-cause mortality, non-cardiovascular death, and MACE differed significantly between groups stratified by the FIB-4 index tertiles (log-rank test: P<0.001, P<0.001, and P = 0.045, respectively). Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, the unadjusted hazard ratio was 4.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.05–11.0, P<0.001) for Tertile 3 compared to Tertile 1. After adjustment for confounding factors, including sex, the presence or absence of left bundle branch block at baseline, QRS duration during pacing, and pacing rate at the last check, the hazard ratio was 4.79 (95% CI: 2.04–11.2, P<0.001). The cut-off value of the FIB-4 index was 3.75 (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62–0.82).

Conclusions

In patients with pacemakers, the FIB-4 index may be a predictor of early all-cause mortality, with a cut-off value of 3.75.
Trace element levels: How Substance Use Disorder (SUD) contributes to the alteration of urinary essential and toxic element levels
Authors: Mansouri Borhan , Azadi Nammamali , Drebadami Arezo Hashemi , Nakhaee Samaneh
Published: February 2024

Increasing illicit drug use is one of the main problems in most countries or societies. Monitoring heavy metals and trace elements in this vulnerable group seems to be necessary. Therefore, we assessed the urinary trace element and toxic metals/metalloids concentrations (Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), and Mercury (Hg)) in opium, tramadol, and cannabis users compared to healthy subjects. In this cross-sectional study, patients with substance use disorder (SUD) (n = 74) were divided into four groups: cannabis, tramadol, opium, and mixed (simultaneous use of more than one of the three studied substances), along with a healthy group (n = 60). Urine samples were prepared by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method so that heavy metals/metalloids could be measured by ICP-MS. The mean urinary concentration of Cu (48.15 vs. 25.45; 89.2%, p<0.001), Hg (1.3 vs. 0.10; 1200%, p < 0.001), and Zn (301.95 vs. 210; 43.8%, p < 0.001) was markedly lower among patients with SUD. The mean urinary concentration of other elements including As (1.9 vs. 4.1; 115.8%), Cd (0.1 vs. 1.10; 1000%), Cr (6.80 vs. 11.65; 71.3%), Ni (2.95 vs. 4.95; 67.8%), and Pb (1.5 vs. 7.9; 426.6%) were significantly higher among patients with SUD compared to healthy subjects. When sub-groups were compared, no significant differences were observed between their trace element levels (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). This can be an indication that regardless of the type of drug, the levels of trace elements are changed with respect to healthy individuals. Our results showed that illicit drug use causes changes in urinary trace element/heavy metal/metalloid levels and highlights the need for monitoring heavy metals and trace elements in individuals with substance use disorder. Assessment of different elements in biological samples of drug dependents may be useful for implementing new prevention and treatment protocols. In case of changes in their levels, complementary recommendations, attention to diet, and periodic assessment of toxic metal levels within treatment programs will be needed.