bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research and development of hydrogen energy systems at the National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute»
Authors: Fateev V. N. , Porembsky V. N. , Grigoriev S. A. , Baranov I. E. , Ostrovsky S. V. , Korobtsev S. V. , Denisenko V. P. , Nikolaev I. I. , Kirillov I. A. , Demkin S. A. , Smirnov R. V.
Published: May 2021

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:

methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;

development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;

elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;

fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;

nanostructured electrocatalysts;

ensuring hydrogen safety.

The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.
Global energy association: new opportunities of hydrogen technologies
Authors: Filimonov A. G. , Filimonova A. A. , Chichirova N. D. , Chichirov A. A.
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE. To analyze the prospects of integrating hydrogen technologies into the traditional directions of development of the electric power industry in the world and Russia. To highlight the competitive advantages of Russia in the changing structure of the industry with the transition to" green " hydrogen. METHODS. The analysis of the literature data and the data of the international information exchange is carried out. RESULTS. The most urgent scientific and technical problem of the economy, affecting any practical aspect of human economic activity, is the issue of the availability of energy resources and the impact on the environment. It is now, in the context of the restrictions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, that the trends of globalization are particularly acute, and the degree of cross-border information communication using digital capabilities has increased many times. CONCLUSION. The transition to a new technological stage of energy supply for our society is more urgent than ever, based on innovative approaches to the creation of intelligently managed global energy systems with their consolidation and, at the same time, decentralization and distribution to local levels of centers, production, consumption and management, increasing the share of small RES, the introduction of new digital solutions, the use of hydrogen technology chains and hybrid systems based on them and other promising energy technologies on an industrial scale.
Monitoring Mineral-Associated Organic Matter in Tropical Pastures using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: de Santana Felipe , de Souza André , Balieiro Fabiano , Mioranza Mirelly , Rodrigues Renato , Poppi Ronei
Published: May 2021

In order to confirm that the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions could indeed be achieved by farmers, determinations of soil organic carbon (SOC) in total and stabilized fractions are essential, proving the effectiveness of the sustainable practices adopted by the farmer. In this sense, this study proposes an analytical methodology based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) as an alternative for the measurement of stabilized and total soil organic carbon (SOC) in agricultural production systems. A set of 122 samples of four different land uses were sampled and the stabilized and labile SOC content were determined by the dry combustion method. In order to eliminate the extra step regarding soil fractionation to determine the stabilized SOC content, this study investigated different strategies to build the regression model based on partial least squares regression for the determination of the stabilized SOC from the total soil fraction. Two strategies presented the same accuracy as the reference method used to determine the stabilized SOC content in stabilized fraction, with root mean square error in validation of 1.47 g/dm3. These results indicate that both strategies proposed can determine simultaneously the total and stabilized SOC from the total soil fraction, thus eliminating the extra sample preparation.
Analysis and generalization of the experience of preparing and conducting on-line group exercises under quarantine
Authors: Zmiіvskіy G. , Petruk O. , Pugach V.
Published: May 2021

In connection with the transfer of the educational process of higher educational institutions of Ukraine for the period of the national quarantine to the distance learning mode, scientific and pedagogical workers have encountered certain difficulties in the effective implementation of group exercises. In order to overcome these difficulties and avoid mistakes in the future, it became necessary to study the experience of preparing and conducting teachers of this type of training using distance learning technologies and formulating relevant technological and methodological recommendations.

The possibilities of existing platforms that implement distance learning technologies are considered. The results of the analysis and generalization of the experience of preparing and conducting on-line group exercises by teachers of the Military-Law Institute of the Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University in a national quarantine are presented. Ways to increase their effectiveness are proposed. Technological and methodological recommendations on the preparation and conduct of this type of distance learning are formulated.

The content of the distance course developed on the basis of the Moodle platform is justified for the preparation of cadets (students) for a group exercise, the requirements for the placement of educational literature in the environment of the Moodle system. A rational methodology for preparing for the lesson is determined.

The possibilities of Zoom online conference platform on the implementation of distance learning technologies in the educational process are shown.

The technical requirements for the organization of the lesson are outlined.

The content of the teacher’s presentation and the procedure for its demonstration are analyzed. The possibilities of attracting a second teacher to the lesson and using interactive teaching methods (key issues and working in small groups) to enhance the creative and cognitive activities of cadets (students) and also to increase the level of organization of the lesson are considered.

The criteria for evaluating cadets (students) based on the results of a group exercise are determined.
Some areas of modernization of technical education: on the material of scientific and methodological research conducted at the Kharkiv National University of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Authors: Cherednik D. , Dansheva S.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the renovation of the educational process in high technical school.

The analysis of normative and legal acts regulating the future specialists training quality in higher school is made. 

The main professionally significant qualities and abilities required by a future technical specialist in a competitive environment are described.

A system of measures is presented that will allow preparing specialists who:

strive to increase the level of their professional qualities;

able to quickly and clearly navigate in difficult situations;

able to think creatively;

able to solve many problems of a professional nature.

To introduce author's point of view on the need to create innovative conditions for the training of future technical specialists at the university is presented.

Features of teaching physics in the process of education program realization are considered, taking into account competency approach in education.

The article presents the meaning:

modernization of the educational and material base;

development of new educational standards and curricula;

updating the content of education;

fundamentalization and professionalization of the educational process;

development of innovative learning technologies.

The article meets the modern requirements for the reform of higher technical education in general. It is of interest to the administrative board of universities, teachers, researchers, graduate students, future bachelors and masters.  

Features of teaching physics in the process of education program realization are considered, taking into account competency approach in education and peculiarities of competency formation in the process of studying physics in overall structure of competencies, according to Federal State Educational Standards in Agricultural Engineering

The research presented in the article can be used to conduct scientific-pedagogical and scientific-methodical seminars, round tables and scientific conferences in higher education institutions.
ANALYSIS OF MARKET FACTORS INFLUENCE ON DAIRY PRODUCTION IN THE KARELIA REPUBLIC
Authors: Kondratyuk Е. А.
Published: May 2021

Prevailing trends on regional food market and economic performance data of enterprise entities show up the need to determine the most pressing factors of further development of the dairy farming field in the Republic of Karelia. Due to reduction of regional dairy market capacity and rising competition, it is necessary to search for new solutions geared to improvement of efficiency of business activities. Assessment of the impact of market factors on the production level of dairy products in the region was carried out using multiple regression analysis. A correlation analysis was used to determine strength of relationship between indicators that hypothetically influence the development of the regional dairy product market. The milk production volume in the region has been found to have a direct linkage to consumption (r=0,82) and income level (r=-0,88), consumer price (r=-0,84), expenses for food (r=-0,86) as well as retail sales volume (r=-0,85). The quantity of imported dairy products reliably tied to consumption level (r=0,88). One of possible options for solution to the problem of milk production reduction in the region is a new approach in the implementation of state support to the economic sector – shifting the focus of financing from production to distribution promoting the growth of consumer demand for dairy products.
INCREASE IN BIOMASS AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SPRING BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Artyukhova O. А. , Gladysheva O. V. , Svirina V. А.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of applying doses of mineral fertilizers (N0P0K0, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90) when cultivating varieties of spring barley (Vladimir, Reliable, Yaromir) on the formation of the area of leaf plates, the growth of green biomass and the accumulation of dry matter by crop plants in different years of moisture in the South of the Central non-Chernozem region. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers in doses N60P60K60, N90P90K90 contributed to the greatest increase in the area of the assimilation apparatus and the growth of plant biomass. In the phase of entering the tube, the leaf area on the above backgrounds exceeded the control variants by an average of 49,6 and 63,3 % (Vladimir variety), 62,3 and 45,4 % (Reliable variety), and 44,6 and 53,2 % (Yaromir variety). The average growth of biomass in 2017-2019 with the use of N60P60K60, N90P90K90 increased compared to the control variants by 83,3 and 182,7 % (Vladimir variety), by 68,9 and 88,3 % (Reliable variety) and by 82,0 and 107,5 % (Yaromir variety) in the beginning of earing phase with further growth of this indicator to the phase of milk ripeness of plants. The percentage of dry matter in plants depended not only on the doses of mineral fertilizers, but also on weather conditions, namely, on the value of the Selyaninov hydrothermal moisture coefficient (SCC). With an increase in the applied rates of fertilizers, at values of GTC in the range of 0,37 – 0,44, dry matter is accumulated by plants, at values from 0,64 to 1,2, due to the provided moisture and greater water consumption by spring barley varieties, the percentage of dry matter content decreased. Yield – the final indicator of all conditions. Reliable and Yaromir varieties showed the greatest stability in obtaining a good harvest, which exceeded the values of control variants on average for 2017-2019 by 89,1 and 79,0 % on backgrounds N60P60K60 and N90P90K90 respectively. Correlations were determined for all the studied indicators.
SCIENTIFIC SUPPORT FOR A FRUIT GROWING AND VITICULTURE ESTABLISHMENT AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
Authors: Egorov Е. А.
Published: May 2021

The history of the creation, formation and development of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking is currently a large, dynamically developing scientific and methodological and selection center for gardening, viticulture, winemaking, storage and processing of agricultural products in South and North Caucasian federal districts. The role of a scientific institution was studied in ensuring the processes of development of sectors of gardening and viticulture. An assessment of the current state of the scientific and technical potential and the production base of the institution is given. The characteristic of the scientific activity of the institution concentrated on the fundamental and priority areas of research related to the scientific support for the development of sectors of gardening and viticulture, the food industry of the subjects of the South and North Caucasus federal districts is given. The priority direction of the developed institution of scientific and technical products, which is relevant at the present stage for the development of industries. The statistical assessment of the current state of industries and the dynamics of their development is given. The scope and volume of the introduction of scientific and technical products of the institution are presented.
ASSESSMENT OF A LARGE-FRUITED STRAWBERRY VARIETIES ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY AND STABILITY IN TERMS OF PRODUCTIVITY AND FRUIT QUALITY
Authors: Dakhno T. G. , Dakhno O. А.
Published: May 2021

The article presents a comparative analysis of the ecological plasticity and stability of large-fruited strawberry varieties in the conditions of the Kamchatka region. As a result of statistical and regression analyses, varieties with high ecological plasticity of productivity (bi  > 1) and a positive response to improved growing conditions were identified, classified as intensive type: Pervoclassniza, Atlas, Japonka, Grenada, Festivalnay romashka, Galina, Fructovay; with low plasticity (bi < 1)-extensive type: Solnechnay polaynka, Corrado, Wengerca. Of particular value are the most stable in terms of productivity varieties of intensive type Galina and Fruit. A positive correlation of significant strength between the productivity of strawberry varieties and the coefficients of stability (r = 0,7) and plasticity (r = 0,6) was established, which shows the effectiveness of their use in assessing the adaptability of varieties. High-vitamin varieties with an average berry weight of at least 7,0 g, the most environmentally plastic and stable in vitamin C content, were identified: Atlas, Firework, Pervoclassniza, Fructovay. A comprehensive assessment of the parameters of adaptability in terms of fruit productivity and quality (vitamin C content, soluble solids, sugar-acid coefficient)established that the highest ecological plasticity and stability are possessed by high-vitamin varieties of intensive type Pervoclassniza and Fructovay.
Knowledge Levels of Teachers with Refugee Students in Their Class Related to Classroom Management
Authors: Taş Halil , Minaz Muhammet Baki
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge level of primary school
teachers with refugee student(s) present in their class related to classroom
management and to determine whether this knowledge level varies depending on
their gender, the type of school they graduated from, their seniority and
whether they have received training in classroom management. The study group of
this research, which is a survey model, is composed of 62 primary school
teachers. In this study, “Classroom Management Knowledge Level Measurement
Test” was used as a quantitative data collection tool while “Interview Form”
was used as a qualitative data collection tool. Frequency, t-test, one-way
analysis of variance and Scheffe multiple comparison test were used in the
analysis of quantitative data, and the descriptive analysis technique was used
in the analysis of qualitative data. The results of the study showed that the knowledge
level of teachers with refugee students(s) present in their class had low
knowledge level related to classroom management, that their knowledge levels
differed depending on their professional seniority and whether they have received
training in classroom management, and that their knowledge levels did not vary
depending on the type of school they graduated and gender.
Rural Library Directors and Social Wellbeing: An Evidence-Based Approach to Practice
Authors: Guinnee Eli , Gustina Margo Elizabeth , Bonney Rick , Decker Hope
Published: May 2021

A challenge of positionality exists in research into US rural public libraries and their directors. Their accomplishments and their hardships are both contextualized in terms of deficits and lack: lack of the MSLIS, lack of consistent funding, lack of time for professional development activities, overall lack of resources. In this work, we sought to discover how library directors and managers who serve isolated rural communities are perceived by community residents, and the processes by which they successfully meet the needs of those residents. Throughout 2019 we studied rural library directors and managers through surveys and interview instruments and conducted field research in eight isolated communities in Idaho, Iowa, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Across these locations we recorded and transcribed interviews with 202 community residents conducted in both individual and group settings. To analyze this data used both deductive and emergent coding through a four-stage iterative process which examined perceptions of the library overall in context of community, and the library director or manager specifically. In this paper, we demonstrate out of that body of interviews that rural library directors are also leveraging local strengths, expertise, and systems of mutuality. The implications for public library practice are a shift in focus toward outcomes based in social connection, decision-making voice, and authentic caring which extend beyond the needs of rural residents, and into the capabilities required of people in communities of all sizes.
Repetitive robot behavior impacts perception of intentionality and gaze-related attentional orienting.
Authors: Abubshait Abdulaziz , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

Gaze behavior is an important social signal between humans, as it communicates locations of interest. People typically orient their attention to where others look, as this informs about others’ intentions and future actions. Studies have shown that humans can engage in similar gaze behavior with robots, but presumably more so when they adopt the intentional stance towards them (i.e., believing robot behaviors are intentional). In laboratory settings, the phenomenon of attending towards the direction of others’ gaze has been examined with the use of the gaze-cueing paradigm. While the gaze-cueing paradigm has been successful in investigating the relationship between adopting the intentional stance towards robots and attention orient-ing to gaze cues, it is unclear if the repetitiveness of the gaze-cueing paradigm influences adopting the intentional stance. Here, we examined if the duration of exposure to repetitive robot gaze behavior in a gaze-cueing task has a negative impact on subjective attribution of intentionality. Participants performed a short, medium, or long face-to-face gaze-cueing paradigm with an embodied robot while subjective ratings were collected pre and post the interaction. Results show that participants in the long exposure condition had the smallest change in their intention attribution scores, if any, while those in the short exposure condition had a positive change in their intention attribution indicating that participants attributed more intention to the robot after short interactions. The results also show that attention orienting to ro-bot gaze-cues was positively related to how much intention was attributed to the robot, but this relationship became more negative as the length of exposure increased. In contrast to subjective ratings, the gaze cueing effects increased as a function of the duration of exposure to repetitive behavior. The data suggest a tradeoff between the desired number of trials needed for observing various mechanisms of social cognition, such as gaze cueing effects, and the likelihood of adopting the intentional stance towards a robot.
Robots as mirrors of the human mind
Authors: Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2021

Robots are currently the center of attention in various fields of research, due to their potential use as assistants for daily living. In this paper, I highlight a different role that robots can also play, namely being a tool for understanding human cognition. I provide examples where robots have been used in experimental psychology to study socio-cognitive mechanisms such as joint attention or sense of agency. I also discuss the issue of whether and when robots (especially those that resemble humans) are perceived through a human-centered lens, with anthropomorphic attributions. In the final section, I describe approaches in which the robots’ embodiment is used for implementation of computational models of human cognition. In sum, the collection of studies presented here shows that robots can be an extremely useful tool for scientific inquiry in the area of experimental psychology and cognitive science.
Cognitive Strategies for Peer Judgments
Authors: Olsson Henrik , Barman-Adhikari Anamika , Galesic Mirta , Hsu Hsun-Ta , Rice Eric
Published: May 2021

How do people make judgments about characteristics of their immediate their peers? We investigate what cognitive strategies underlie peer judgments, what group-level patterns of judgments these strategies produce, and whether they generate accurate judgments. We develop a general model that allows for comparison of different cognitive strategies including ego projection, probability matching, and three memory-based strategies. We examine it using a unique data set including self-reports and estimates of peer substance use among homeless youth (N=239). We find evidence for the adaptive use of strategies that are most appropriate given the information available from one’s personal experience and social environment. On the group level, the pattern of judgments sometimes resembles false consensus and sometimes false uniqueness, but overall shows a high level of accuracy.
BIOGRAFI RATU ZALEHA
Authors: Rahimah
Published: May 2021

Biografi ini juga diperlukan dalam pembelajaran peserta didik agar dapat dijadikan nilai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari atas perjuangan dan nilai dari tokoh tersebut. Nilai perjuangan seseorang biasanya melekat pada diri seorang pahlawan. Objek pada penulisan ini adalah biografi dari Ratu Zaleha dan nilai perjuangannya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menceritakan sedikit dari kisah perjuangan pahlawan wanita di daerah Kalimantan Selatan terutama bagi Kesultanana Banjar, yaitu Ratu Zaleha. Ratu Zaleha ini keturunan Pangeran Antasari.Adapun penggunaan metode pada penulisannya adalah Heuristik, Kritik, Interpretasi dan Historiografi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah lahirnya Gusti Zaleha, masa remajanya Gusti Zaleha, perjuangan Gusti Zaleha dan nilai perjuangannya.Kata kunci: Biografi, Ratu Zaleha, nilai perjuangan
DINAMIKA PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DALAM PEMIKIRAN EROPA
Authors: Putri Fatimatuz'zhinta Zahra
Published: May 2021

Perkembangan perubahan eropa pada saat dulu sampai dengan sekarang masih sangat mempengaruhi terhadap pemikiran-pemikiran yang ada di bangsa eropa. Dimana pemikiran-pemikiran tersebut menimbulkan tokoh-tokoh pemikir pada masa eropa diantaranya seperti Agustinus, John Locke, Monstesquieu, J.J. Rousseau, Thomas Aquinas dan tokoh pemikir lainnya yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan eropa pada saat itu. Seiring dengan adanya pemikiran dan perkembangan di eropa, maka pemikir dari eropa membawa pengaruh terhadap perkembangannya salah satu diantaranya yaitu terjadi proses dinamika pemikiran Eropa dalam pembelajaran sejarah khususnya pada bidang pendidikan. Dimana dinamika pemikiran pembelajaran sejarah sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran terutama bagi guru dan siswa. Oleh karena itu dalam makalah ini akan dibahas lebih mendalam lagi tentang "Dinamika Pemikiran Eropa Di Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah".Perkembangan perubahan eropa pada saat dulu sampai dengan sekarang masih sangat mempengaruhi terhadap pemikiran-pemikiran yang ada di bangsa eropa. Adanya pemikiran dan perkembangan di eropa, membawa pengaruh terhadap perkembangannya salah satu diantaranya yaitu terjadi proses dinamika pemikiran Eropa seperti Renaissance dan Aufklarung yang sangat berpengaruh pada masa itu. Selain itu, terjadi juga Dinamika Pembelajaran sejarah khususnya pada bidang pendidikan. Dimana dinamika pemikiran pembelajaran sejarah sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran terutama bagi guru dan siswa. Selain itu keberhasilan kegiatan belajar mengajar bergantung juga pada sumber mata pembelajaran dan dan media pembelajaran. Pembelajaran yang berkualitas sangat tergantung dari motivasi pelajar dan kreativitas pengajar dalam keberhasilan pencapaian target belajar.
Fuel molecular structure effect on soot mobility size in premixed C6 hydrocarbon flames
Authors: Dasappa Shruthi , Camacho Joaquin
Published: May 2021

Soot formation in premixed laminar flames is examined for a canonical set of flames burning C6 hydrocarbon fuels. Particle mobility size and flame temperature measurements are complemented by flame structure calculations using detailed flame chemistry. Specifically, the evolution of the detailed soot particle size distribution (PSDF) is compared for n-hexane, n-hexene, 2-methylpentane, cyclohexane and benzene at a carbon-to-oxygen ratio of 0.69 and maximum flame temperature of 1800 K. Under this constraint, the overall sooting process is comparable as evidenced by similar time resolved bimodal PSDF. However, the first inception of particles and the persistence of nucleation-sized particles with time are depend upon the structure of the parent fuel. For the given conditions, the fastest onset of soot is observed in cyclohexane and benzene flames and the observed evolution of the PSDF also shows that nucleation-sized particles disappear sooner in cyclohexane and benzene flames. Flame structure computations incorporating detailed chemistry show a clear connection between the early onset of soot particles as fuel specific routes to PAH formation are predicted in the pre-flame region of the cyclohexane and benzene flames. These observations illustrate the impact of alkane, alkene, cycloalkane and aromatic fuel structure on soot formation in premixed flames. Analysis of soot particle morphology by atomic force microscopy indicates that most of size distribution is composed of aggregates. Simple aggregate mobility diameter analysis shows the spherical assumption taken to interpret the mobility diameter does not impact the PSDF number density result but the inferred volume fraction for aggregates deviates by up to an order of magnitude depending on the morphology assumptions adopted.
Final Report FUS Grant
Authors: Ashar Harshini , Kishore Deepan , Dugat Danielle , Singh Akansha , Ranjan Ashish
Published: May 2021

The objective of this project was to evaluate the ability of Focused Ultrasound (FUS) induced mild local hyperthermia (40-45°C) to enhance doxorubicin (Dox) delivery in sarcoma tumors of veterinary patients. Hyperthermia is known to reduce interstitial fluid pressure and improve tumor perfusion, thereby elevating intravascular intratumoral drug coverage. Based on this premise, we hypothesized that controlling Dox delivery in real-time within the tumor microenvironment with FUS will improve patient outcomes and thus advance human and veterinary clinical practice. Further, we proposed that compared to Dox alone, low temperature-sensitive liposome (LTSL) that releases its content at close to 40°C will achieve relatively higher drug accumulation in tumors. Although not proposed, we also aimed to assess whether the application of Dox with FUS could invoke systemic antitumor immunity in the treated patients. 5 canine and 1 feline patient with histologically confirmed sarcoma were randomly assigned into two groups (3 patients/group): 1) Dox + FUS, and 2) LTSL+ FUS. In all groups, 0.7mg Dox/kg body weight was administered intravenously over 30min. FUS was initiated immediately after Dox administration and performed for a total of 90min covering <40% of the tumor volume. Results showed that Dox delivery to heated regions significantly exceeded those of the unheated in the sarcoma tumors. Compared to Dox alone cohorts, the drug delivery from LTSL increased by ~4-fold in the heated region and 2-fold in the unheated regions of the treated tumor. Therapeutically, the combinatorial treatment-achieved partial response 2wks post-treatment. Phenotypic characterization of immune cells suggested an increased frequency of T cells in the biopsy and blood samples post-treatment, however, in most cases, they were associated with an enhanced population of pro-tumoral T-reg cells. Overall, Dox delivery in sarcoma tumors is enhanced with FUS heating, and these correlate with improved local and systemic antitumor immunity, and tumor regressions.
Iron-Based Coupling Medium: Comprehensive Report to FUS Foundation
Authors: Allen Steven P , Fergusson Austin , Edsall Connor , Davis Richey M , Vlaisavljevich Eli , Meyer Craig H
Published: May 2021

This report gives comprehensive review of the nano-emulsion project between UVA and Virginia Tech which has been generously supported by the Focused Ultrasound Foundation. The purpose of this project is to develop an acoustic coupling bath that is effectively invisible to MRI scans and also remains acoustically compatible with clinical transcranial FUS procedures. This remains important to the clinical translation of FUS because the commonly used acoustic coupling bath of degassed water persistently degrades the quality of MR guidance imaging. Our project proposes an acoustic coupling bath doped with specially designed iron oxide nanoparticles that 1) have a high ability to decay MRI signals, (as quantified by the r2 relaxivity), 2) have diameters less than 100 nm, and 3) are coated with a hydrophilic coating. We hypothesize that these three innovations will produce a lightly doped water bath with identical mechanical, acoustic, thermal, biocompatibility, and electromagnetic properties as water, but with virtually no observable appearance or effect on guidance MR imaging. Finally, the low particle concentrations, small particle sizes, and specific coating will prevent the particles from stabilizing gas bubbles and seeding cavitation nuclei in the transducer’s pre-focal field.We are pleased to report nearly total success on this project, with an affirmation of all hypotheses stated above.
Transient Value Refinements during Deliberation Facilitate Choice
Authors: Lee Douglas G. , Holyoak Keith
Published: May 2021

After deciding among options, decision-makers tend to exhibit an increased evaluation of the chosen options coupled with a decreased evaluation of the rejected options, resulting in a spreading of alternatives (SoA). There has been a longstanding debate as to whether SoA results from post-choice cognitive dissonance reduction or self-consistency augmentation, or whether it is related to processes that are instrumental in reaching a decision (or both). Here we introduce a novel procedure that measures SoA implicitly during the process of subjective value-based decision-making. During the choice task, participants simultaneously provided value ratings for both options on offer on each trial, but before explicitly reporting their choices. The results clearly demonstrate that SoA does not occur only after choices have been reported. Furthermore, SoA seems to be instrumental to the choice process: it enhances choice consistency, boosts confidence, and reduces response time. The SoA generated during choice deliberation is partially transient in nature, regressing toward baseline shortly afterwards, but lingering at an intermediate level.
A taxonomy of the brain’s white matter: Twenty-one major tracts for the twenty-first century
Authors: Bullock Daniel N. , Hayday Elena A. , Grier Mark D. , Tang Wei , Pestilli Franco , Heilbronner Sarah
Published: May 2021

The functional and computational properties of brain areas are determined, in large part, by their connectivity profiles. Advances in neuroimaging and network neuroscience allow us to characterize the human brain noninvasively and in vivo, but a comprehensive understanding of the human brain demands an account of the anatomy of brain connections. Long-range anatomical connections are instantiated by white matter and organized into tracts. Here, we aim to characterize the connections, morphology, traversal, and functions of the major white matter tracts in the brain. It is clear that there are significant discrepancies across different accounts of white matter tract anatomy, hindering our attempts to accurately map the connectivity of the human brain. We thoroughly synthesize accounts from multiple methods, but especially nonhuman primate tract-tracing and human diffusion tractography. Ultimately, we suggest that our synthesis provides an essential reference for neuroscientists and clinicians interested in brain connectivity and anatomy, allowing for the study of the association of white matter’s macro and microstructural properties with behavior, development, and disordered processes.
Exploring perceptual similarity and its relation to image-based spaces: an effect of familiarity
Authors: Somai Rosyl , Hancock Peter
Published: May 2021

One challenge in exploring the internal representation of faces is the lack of controlled stimuli transformations. Researchers are often limited to verbalizable transformations in the creation of a dataset. An alternative approach to verbalization for interpretability is finding image-based measures that allow us to quantify image transformations. In this study, we explore whether PCA could be used to create controlled transformations to a face by testing the effect of these transformations on human perceptual similarity and on computational differences in Gabor, Pixel and DNN spaces. We found that perceptual similarity and the three image-based spaces are linearly related, almost perfectly in the case of the DNN, with a correlation of 0.94. This provides a controlled way to alter the appearance of a face. In experiment 2, the effect of familiarity on the perception of multidimensional transformations was explored. Our findings show that there is a positive relationship between the number of components transformed and both the perceptual similarity and the same three image-based spaces used in experiment 1. Furthermore, we found that familiar faces are rated more similar overall than unfamiliar faces. That is, a change to a familiar face is perceived as making less difference than the exact same change to an unfamiliar face. The ability to quantify, and thus control, these transformations is a powerful tool in exploring the factors that mediate a change in perceived identity.
Reducing the Social Assistance Benefits of Refugees Affect Their Residential Integration? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik Juhl
Published: May 2021

I exploit quasi-random assignment of social assistance benefits induced by a major Danish reform to obtain credible causal evidence for the effect of social assistance reductions on residential integra-tion (i.e., the extent to which refugees settle among natives). Comparing otherwise similar refugees, I find that reducing the benefits of refugees markedly deteriorated their residential integration espe-cially in the long-term. In particular, refugees’ residential segregation increased by about 28 percent as a consequence of the benefit reductions. I show that this effect most likely runs through a depri-vation mechanism, where refugees live on a subsistence minimum that significantly limit their loca-tion choice. Moreover, I demonstrate that the overall effect is concentrated among the low educated who face the largest resource constraints, most marginalization, and have the worst chances of inte-grating into the host society at the outset.
The Sex of Interactants Affects Perceptions of Sexism in Ambiguous Situations
Authors: Grawitch Matthew J , Lavigne Kristi , Mudigonda Srikanth P.
Published: May 2021

Previous research has demonstrated that when a message is ambiguous, individuals make assumptions about the intent of the message being sent. Building on error management theory and heuristic decision making, we conducted three studies that manipulated the sex of the sender and receiver of messages in a specific scenario and asked observers to rate the sender’s sexism (Studies 1-3) and other elements of the situation (Studies 2-3). We also examined the degree to which various attitudes – concern for political correctness (Studies 1 and 2), social justice (Study 2), ambivalence toward men (Study 2), and neosexism (Study 3) – explained unique variance in respondent ratings. Across all three studies, we found that when the receiver was a woman, the sender (regardless of sex) was rated as significantly more sexist, but this effect was amplified when the sender was a man. In Studies 1 and 2, none of the attitude variables interacted in a consistent way with the sex of the interactants. In Study 3, however, results suggested that those low in neosexism showed more pronounced ratings of sexism in the male sender-female receiver condition. The results of the study have implications for future research in the areas of sexism, social prediction, and heuristic decision making.
Speciation Of Candida Isolated From Cases Of Vaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Guragain Ankita , Bichchha Ramesh
Published: May 2021

Background: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is an exceedingly common mucosal infection of the lower female reproductive tract. Mostly, it is caused by Candida albicans. Yet, non-albicans Candida species are also on the rise. Also, increasing resistance to commonly prescribed antifungal agents is of serious concern.

Methodology: High vaginal swabs were collected from clinically suspected cases of VVC from patients attending outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of NMCTH. The swabs were subjected to microscopic analysis and culture. Germ tube test, CHROMagar, chlyamydospore formation test and sugar assimilation test were applied for identification of the isolated Candida spp. Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates to fluconazole was done by disk-diffusion method.

Results: The rate of culture positive cases of VVC was 46.3%. Most number of cases belonged to the age group of 18-27 years (43.6%). Adhibasi-janajati and married women were most commonly affected (55.9% and 62.3% respectively). Abnormal vaginal discharge with burning and itching were the most common symptoms. C. albicans accounted for the majority of the isolated Candida spp. (57.8%), followed by C. glabrata (26.5%) and C. tropicalis (9.8%), C. krusei (3.0%), C. parapsilosis (2.0%) and C. keyfr (0.9%). A total of 34.3% of isolated Candida spp. were resistant to fluconazole.

Conclusion: Both C. albicans and non-albicans Candida species were responsible for acute cases of VVC and RVVC. A majority of nonalbicans Candida species were found to be resistant suggesting rise in their prevalence and resistance to fluconazole.
COVID-19 variants: The undetectable and invisible
Authors: Robinson Jared , Leclézio Alexandra , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Penolakan Masyarakat Adat Limau Manis Kota Padang Terhadap Pendaftaran Tanah
Authors: Nugraha Septriyadi , Guntur I Gusti Nyoman , Kistiyah Sri
Published: May 2021

Abstract: In 2018, PTSL implementations at Padang have an obstacles specifically in Limau Manis Village. This obstacle caused by the people rejection. Therefore, Padang city land office must have a strategy to reduce the obstacles. The purpose of this study is to find: 1) the causes of people rejection of PTSL, and 2) the strategy from Padang city land office in order to do the communal land registration with PTSL. The research is a qualitative research with a symbolic interaction approach. Informants were chosen by purposive sampling, they were structural officials at Padang city land office and the head of inheritance (MKW). The results of this study is: 1) the traditional leader of KAN Limau Manis is currently trying to maintain the continuity of the communal land, but PTSL program is considered to actually support the privatization so that  caused rejection of the PTSL implementation, and 2) the main strategy to solve the problem in the registration of communal land is to make common perceptions about the registration of communal land along with the ganggam bauntuak above it, between the traditional leader, indigenous peoples, and Padang city land office.Keywords: communal land, kaum, PTSL, west sumatra. Intisari: Pada tahun 2018, PTSL di Kota Padang menemui hambatan di Kelurahan Limau Manis. Hambatan ini diakibatkan adanya penolakan dari masyarakat. Maka dari itu, perlu adanya strategi yang diterapkan oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kota Padang dalam pelaksanaan program PTSL. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui: 1) penyebab penolakan masyarakat terhadap kegiatan PTSL, dan 2) strategi Kantor Pertanahan Kota Padang dalam melaksanakan pendaftaran tanah ulayat kaum melalui PTSL. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Kualitatif dengan menggunakan Pendekatan Interaksi Simbolik. Informan dipilih secara purposive sampling, yaitu pejabat struktural Kantah Kota Padang dan Mamak Kepala Waris (MKW). Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) pimpinan adat di KAN Limau Manis saat ini sedang berusaha mempertahankan keberlangsungan tanah ulayat kaum, namun hadirnya program PTSL dianggap justru mendukung privatisasi yang sedang terjadi sehingga menimbulkan penolakan terhadap pelaksanaan PTSL, dan 2) strategi utama untuk menyelesaiakan permasalahan dalam pendaftaran tanah ulayat kaum ialah dengan melakukan penyamaan persepsi antara pimpinan adat, masyarakat adat, dan Kantah Kota Padang terkait pendaftaran tanah ulayat kaum beserta ganggam bauntuak yang ada di atasnya.Kata Kunci: tanah ulayat, kaum, PTSL, sumatera barat.
Pelaksanaan Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Berbasis Partisipasi Masyarakat (PTSL+PM), Kendala Dan Solusinya
Authors: Dewi Mambrasar Winda Sandra , Sudirman Senthot , Wahyuni Wahyuni
Published: May 2021

PTSL targets are increasing every year. Limited human resources to finish this project make the government issued a policy based on Article 42 paragraph (1) ATR / BPN Regulation No. 6 year 2018 regarding the implementation of PTSL activities that can be carried out based on community participation (PTSL+PM), and Technical Guideline Number: 002 /JUKNIS-300.UK.01.01 /II /2019 dated February 1, 2019 concerning Complete Systematic Land Registration Activities Based on Community Participation (PTSL+PM). This research objectives are: 1) to find out the implementation of PTSL activities involving the community in Ngestiharjo Village, 2) to find out the constraints and solutions in implementing PTSL+PM activities in Ngestiharjo Village, and 3) to find out the benefits of SIAP and SANTRI PTSL+PM applications in the implementation of PTSL+PM activities in Ngestiharjo Village. In conducting this research, the researcher applied qualitative method. The benefit of using the SIAP application is, it facilitates to collection of juridical data in the form of nominative lists and the data integration process. It also produces output in the form of a complete registration file.
Pemanfaatan Sertipikat Tanah Hasil Pendaftaran Tanah Sistematis Lengkap Untuk Peningkatan Modal Usaha Di Kabupaten Madiun
Authors: Kurniawan Andy , Sudibyanung Mr , Supriyanti Theresia
Published: May 2021

Land certificate as a result of Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) provides an opportunity for the society, especially small and micro businesses to utilize it as assurance obtaining business capital. Sidorejo Village is one of the villages that became PTSL location in Madiun Regency in 2017 with total of 1,088 land parcels that had been certified. This study purpose to determine the utilization of business people who received PTSL certificates in order to increase business capital. This research is limited to 30 informants, using descriptive qualitative research methods to obtain an in-depth knowledge of the utilization of these business people then to know various obstacles encountered in obtaining loan funds. The results obtained are 16 business people who have used land certificates to obtain capital loans, but only 4 of these business people who have prospects of increasing business capital. While 14 other business people have not used it for any purpose on the grounds they still have enough capital and are afraid of not being able to pay installments every month.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Potensi Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan Terhadap Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah
Authors: Andriawan Rachman , Martanto Rochmat , Muryono Slamet
Published: May 2021

Agriculture is a strategic sector that has an important role in the economy and food security. However, from time to time agricultural land is increasingly eroded due to land conversion. This study aims to map the potential for LP2B in Magelang city as well as map the suitability of LP2B potential. The method used in this study is qualitative with a spatial approach to the determinant of LP2B potential variables by land use of paddy fields to produce LP2B Potential Maps in Magelang City and their conformity with the RTRW. Of all paddy fields covering 215,817 ha, 52.68% has high potential (K1); 41.7% potential (K2); and 5.62% less potential (K3). Paddy fields has conformity with LP2B and agricultural area K1: 37.59%; K2: 23.64%; K3: 4.36%. Paddy fields has discrepancy K1: 15.1%; K2: 18.06%; K3: 3.36%.