bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tailored Polymeric Carbon Nitride Coupled with Bi2O3 for Constructing Z‐Scheme Heterojunction with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Gong Rongcai , Yang Xinxin , Liu Guiqing , Dong Zhaocen , Guan Meili , Gong Xuezhong , Tang Jianguo
Published: April 2024

The great demand for visible‐light‐induced catalysts with high photocatalytic performance has stimulated extensive interest in constructing g‐C3N4‐based Z‐Scheme heterojunctions. In this research work, the g‐C3N4/Bi2O3 Z‐Scheme heterojunction by precipitation‐hydrothermal method was constructed, and characterized by various techniques. The g‐C3N4/Bi2O3‐1 composite exhibited a transient photocurrent response approximately 7 and 5 times higher than that of bare g‐C3N4 and Bi2O3, respectively, and showed higher visible photocatalytic activity with 99.8 % degradation of methylene blue (MB) within 75 min. Meanwhile, the pH effect on the photocatalytic degradation of MB was investigated. Radicals trapping experiments showed that •OH free radical played a predominant role for the degradation of MB, EPR analysis confirmed the presence of superoxide radicals, which combined with the band structure of the composites, confirmed the Z‐Scheme of the heterojunction. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of MB dyes in g‐C3N4/Bi2O3‐1 composites was also proposed. This study provided a new avenue for the development of novel g‐C3N4‐based Z‐Scheme heterojunction materials with prospective applications in the fields of energy and environment.
Sustainable Gas Storage: CO2 Activation of Edge‐Functionalized Graphitic Nanoplatelets
Authors: Kim Seok‐Jin , Hui Kim Min , Jung Lee Se , Yavuz Cafer T. , Jeon In‐Yup
Published: April 2024

Graphitic nanoplatelets (GnPs), edge‐selectively carboxylated graphitic nanoplatelets (ECGnPs), are functionalized with a carboxylic acid at the edge increasing their surface area, and are highly dispersible in various solvents. However, there is a limit in that the basal plane remains intact because it is functionalized only in the part where the radical is generated at the edge. Here, we activate ECGnPs to have porous structures by flowing CO2 at 900 °C. Etching of the ECGnPs structure was performed through the Boudouard reaction, and the surface area increased from 579 m2 g−1 to a maximum of 2462 m2 g−1. In addition, the pore structure was investigated with various adsorption gases (CH4, Ar, CO2, H2, and N2) according to the reaction time. This study provides the overall green chemistry in that it utilizes CO2 from manufacturing to activation compared to the process of activating with conventional chemical treatment.
Early reduction in anxiety sensitivity predicts greater reduction in disordered eating and trait anxiety during treatment for bulimia nervosa
Authors: Velkoff Elizabeth A. , Rubino Laura G. , Liu Jianyi , Manasse Stephanie M. , Juarascio Adrienne S.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Anxiety sensitivity (AS), the trait‐like fear of symptoms of anxiety, has been associated with eating disorder (ED) pathology broadly, bulimia nervosa (BN) symptoms specifically, and the anxiety disorders that are commonly comorbid with BN. AS, especially for physical symptoms specifically, maybe a risk and maintenance factor for BN and comorbid anxiety.

Method

Adult participants with BN (n = 44) in a clinical trial comparing CBT to mindfulness and acceptance‐based treatment (MABT) reported ED symptoms, trait anxiety, and AS through treatment and follow‐up. We predicted that greater early reduction (i.e., within the first month of treatment) in AS would predict greater reductions in ED symptoms and trait anxiety at post‐treatment and follow‐up.

Results

Early reductions in AS for physical concerns predicted lower ED symptoms and trait anxiety at post‐treatment but not follow‐up. Exploratory analyses indicated that treatment groups did not differ in either early or total change in AS, controlling for baseline AS.

Discussion

Early reductions in AS may be an important treatment target for BN, and may additionally support reductions in anxiety. Future research should identify which components of CBT and MABT best target AS, to deliver these components early in treatment, when they can have maximum effect.

Public Significance

Anxiety sensitivity, the fear of symptoms of anxiety, is associated with eating disorders (ED). In this study, participants in treatment for bulimia nervosa reported ED symptoms, trait anxiety, and anxiety sensitivity through treatment and follow‐up. Greater early reductions in anxiety sensitivity predicted lower ED symptoms and trait anxiety at post‐treatment. Future research should identify which elements of treatment best target anxiety sensitivity, to deliver them early in treatment.
Predicting the fundamental thermal niche of ectotherms
Authors: Simon Margaret W. , Amarasekare Priyanga
Published: April 2024

Climate warming is predicted to increase mean temperatures and thermal extremes on a global scale. Because their body temperature depends on the environmental temperature, ectotherms bear the full brunt of climate warming. Predicting the impact of climate warming on ectotherm diversity and distributions requires a framework that can translate temperature effects on ectotherm life‐history traits into population‐ and community‐level outcomes. Here we present a mechanistic theoretical framework that can predict the fundamental thermal niche and climate envelope of ectotherm species based on how temperature affects the underlying life‐history traits. The advantage of this framework is twofold. First, it can translate temperature effects on the phenotypic traits of individual organisms to population‐level patterns observed in nature. Second, it can predict thermal niches and climate envelopes based solely on trait response data and, hence, completely independently of any population‐level information. We find that the temperature at which the intrinsic growth rate is maximized exceeds the temperature at which abundance is maximized under density‐dependent growth. As a result, the temperature at which a species will increase the fastest when rare is lower than the temperature at which it will recover from a perturbation the fastest when abundant. We test model predictions using data from a naturalized–invasive interaction to identify the temperatures at which the invasive can most easily invade the naturalized's habitat and the naturalized is most likely to resist the invasive. The framework is sufficiently mechanistic to yield reliable predictions for individual species and sufficiently broad to apply across a range of ectothermic taxa. This ability to predict the thermal niche before a species encounters a new thermal environment is essential to mitigating some of the major effects of climate change on ectotherm populations around the globe.
Investigation of Morphology, Optical and Electronic Ac Conduction of the Olivine Manganite Compound: NaMnPO4
Authors: Miladi Leila , Gzaiel Malika Ben , Azaza Bilel , Oueslati Abderrazek , Naїli Houcine
Published: April 2024

The evolution of multifunctional materials is an outstanding research area, which aims to improve the versatility of materials according to their broad domains of usage. Focus interest was paid here to the orthophosphate compound, in particular, the olivine NaMnPO4 material. This compound was synthesized by a solid‐state method and investigated using numerous techniques. Primary room‐temperature structural analysis evidences the sample synthesized in the orthorhombic structure and its phase purity. The sample‘s average grain size was calculated to be around 420 nm. Further, the band gap for our material was found to be (Eg=4.4 eV) by optical analysis of UV‐visible spectroscopy, revealing that our compound is a potential candidate for optoelectronic applications. The electrical behavior study‘s main results confirm the ferroelectric character of the sample and support the aim of deepening the knowledge of the material according to its thermally stimulated conduction processes through impedance spectroscopy. Electrical studies revealed the dominant transport processes across various temperature and frequency ranges, leading to the NSPT model. The frequency dependency relates to frequency‐dispersive dielectric spectra, conduction mechanisms, and relaxation phenomena. The obtained results show perspective and suggest that the material under study has a wide range of potential electronic applications.
Clinical benefits of novel non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ma Shujing , Xie Xiaoxin , Fu Yanhua , Gan Lin , Yang Xiaoyan , Kong Linghong , Li Jun , Long Hai
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The efficacy and safety of ainuovirine+lamivudine+tenofovir (ANV+3TC+TDF) and efavirenz+lamivudine+tenofovir (EFV+3TC+TDF) have been confirmed in previous clinical trials; however, there are no related studies on patient‐reported outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of these 2 antiretroviral therapy regimens and to understand the patient's symptom experience and subjective experience of sleep quality through patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

This is a single‐center prospective cohort study with 243 patients evaluated from October 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. Virological effectiveness and patient‐reported outcomes results were analyzed. The primary endpoint was the proportion of HIV viral load <50 copies/mL (virological suppression rate) at 48 weeks and the changes in the HIV symptom index and Pittsburgh sleep quality index.

Results

The virological suppression rates in the ANV+3TC+TDF and EFV+3TC+TDF groups were 83.6% (102/122) and 87.6% (106/121), respectively, at 48 weeks. In the ANV+3TC+TDF group, the scores of HIV symptom index and pittsburgh sleep quality index in the 48th week were lower than the baseline level (p < 0.05). Logistic regression results showed that the baseline regimen EFV+3TC+TDF was a risk factor for dizziness/lightheadedness (odds ratio = 3.153, 95% confidence interval: 1.473–6.748, p = 0.003), sadness/depression odds ratio = 2.404, 95% confidence interval:1.188–4.871, p = 0.015), and difficulty sleeping (odds ratio = 2.802, 95% confidence interval: 1.437–5.463, p = 0.002) at 48 weeks.

Conclusions

Both regimens showed good virological effectiveness; however, compared with ANV+3TC+TDF, the EFV+3TC+TDF regimen reduced the prevalence of HIV‐related symptoms.
Relationship of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio with cerebral small vessel disease and its common imaging markers
Authors: Cai Jiangping , Zeng Xiaoyi , Huang Xiaojin , Dong Hansheng , Liu Junyi , Lin Jie , Xie Meirong , Wei Xiaolan
Published: April 2024

Background

High neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor prognosis in ischemic stroke. However, the role of NLR in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is controversial. Herein, we evaluated the value of NLR in identifying CSVD and its relationship with the common imaging markers of CSVD.

Methods

A total of 667 patients were enrolled in this study, including 368 in the CSVD group and 299 in the non‐CSVD group. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected. The relationship of NLR with CSVD and common imaging markers of CSVD were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. The predictive value of NLR was assessed with the receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

NLR (odds ratio [OR] = 1.929, 95% confidence interval [CI] =  1.599–2.327, p < .001) was an independent risk factor for CSVD. NLR was also independently associated with moderate to severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) (OR = 2.136, 95% CI = 1.768–2.580, p < .001), moderate to severe periventricular WMH (OR = 2.138, 95% CI = 1.771–2.579, p < .001), and moderate to severe deep WMH (OR = 1.654, 95% CI = 1.438–1.902, p < .001), moderately to severely enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (OR = 1.248, 95% CI = 1.110–1.402, p < .001), moderately to severely EPVS in the basal ganglia (OR = 1.136, 95% CI = 1.012–1.275, p = .030), and moderately to severely EPVS in the centrum semiovale (OR = 1.140, 95% CI = 1.027–1.266, p = .014). However, NLR was not statistically significantly associated with lacune. The optimal cutoff point of NLR in predicting CSVD was 2.47, with sensitivity and specificity of 84.2% and 66.9%, respectively (p < .01). The diagnostic effect was maximized when NLR was combined with other risk factors.

Conclusions

NLR is an independent risk factor for CSVD and is independently associated with common imaging markers of CSVD. NLR may serve as a valid and convenient biomarker for assessing CSVD.
Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir combination against COVID‐19 caused by omicron BA.2.2 in the elderly: A single‐center large observational study
Authors: Chen Can , Li Ranyi , Xing Shuliang , Cao Lei , Qu Yue , Lv Qianzhou , Li Xiaoyu , Chen Zhangzhang
Published: April 2024

Background

Since coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) swept the world, a variety of novel therapeutic and prevention strategies have been developed, among which nirmatrelvir–ritonavir is highly recommended. We intended to assess the effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in the elderly mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 population caused by the omicron BA.2.2 variant in real‐world settings.

Methods

An observational study was conducted retrospectively to review the outcomes of mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 patients admitted between April 26 and June 30, 2022. Patients' baseline characteristics were collected and assessed. Participants in the intervention group were administered nirmatrelvir–ritonavir in addition to standard care, whereas those in the control group only received standard care. The primary outcome was the duration between the initial positive reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) test and the subsequent conversion to a negative result.

Results

The analysis included 324 patients who were administered nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and an equal number of control patients. The patient characteristics in both groups were evenly matched. The average duration from the initial positive RT‐PCR to negative conversion was similar in both groups (16.2 ± 5.0 vs. 16.1 ± 6.3 days, p = .83). Control patients exhibited slower conversion in comparison to patients who received nirmatrelvir–ritonavir treatment within 10 days of symptom onset.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that administering nirmatrelvir–ritonavir within 10 days of symptom onset could potentially reduce the time it takes for SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients to negative RT‐PCR results, thereby expanding the current usage guidelines for nirmatrelvir–ritonavir.
LINC01686 affects LPS‐induced cytokine expression via the miR‐18a‐5p/A20/STAT1 axis in THP‐1 cells
Authors: Baek Jongwon , Shin Hyeung‐Seob , Suk Kyoungho , Lee Won‐Ha
Published: April 2024

Background and Objective

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial in regulating various physiological and pathological processes, including immune responses. LINC01686 is a lncRNA with previously uncharacterized functions in immune regulation. This study aims to investigate the function of LINC01686 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammatory responses in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP‐1 and its potential regulatory mechanisms involving miR‐18a‐5p and the anti‐inflammatory protein A20.

Method

THP‐1 cells were stimulated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses, followed by analysis of LINC01686 expression levels. The role of LINC01686 in regulating the expression of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, A20, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was examined using small interfering RNA‐mediated knockdown. Additionally, the involvement of miR‐18a‐5p in LINC01686‐mediated regulatory pathways was assessed by transfection with decoy RNAs mimicking the miR‐18a‐5p binding sites of LINC01686 or A20 messenger RNA.

Results

LINC01686 expression was upregulated in THP‐1 cells following LPS stimulation. Suppression of LINC01686 enhanced LPS‐induced expression of IL‐6 and IL‐8, mediated through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Moreover, LINC01686 knockdown upregulated the expression and activation of IκB‐ζ, STAT1, and downregulated A20 expression. Transfection with decoy RNAs reversed the effects of LINC01686 suppression on A20, STAT1, IL‐6, and IL‐8 expression, highlighting the role of LINC01686 in sponging miR‐18a‐5p and regulating A20 expression.

Conclusion

This study provides the first evidence that LINC01686 plays a critical role in modulating LPS‐induced inflammatory responses in THP‐1 cells by sponging miR‐18a‐5p, thereby regulating the expression and activation of A20 and STAT1. These findings shed light on the complex regulatory mechanisms involving lncRNAs in immune responses and offer potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.
Blood MALT1 expression could help predict treatment outcomes in psoriasis patients, especially in those receiving biologics
Authors: Liu Qiaoli , Zhang Yanfeng , Xu Bing , Jin Xiaobo , Yang Tao , Fan Leiqiang
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1) modulates T helper cell differentiation, pro‐inflammatory cytokine production, and epidermal hyperplasia to participate in the pathology of psoriasis. This study aimed to explore the correlation of blood MALT1 with treatment outcomes in psoriasis patients.

Methods

MALT1 was detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 210 psoriasis patients before starting or converting to a new therapy, 50 disease controls, and 50 healthy controls. The psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score was evaluated at month (M)1, M3, and M6 in psoriasis patients.

Results

MALT1 was increased in psoriasis patients versus disease controls and healthy controls (both p < .001); and positively related to body mass index (p = .019) and PASI score (p < .001) in psoriasis patients. PASI75 rate at M1, M3, and M6 was 22.9%, 46.2%, and 71.0%, respectively; while PASI90 rate at M1, M3, and M6 was 3.8%, 29.0%, and 50.5%, respectively, in psoriasis patients. PASI75/90 rates at M1, M3, and M6 were increased in psoriasis patients receiving biologics versus those without (all p < .05). Pretreatment MALT1 was higher in psoriasis patients who achieved PASI75 (p = .001) and PASI90 (p < .001) at M6 compared to those who did not achieve that. Subgroup analyses discovered that pretreatment MALT1 had a stronger ability to predict PASI75 and 90 realizations in psoriasis patients receiving biologics (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.723 and 0.808) versus those without (AUC: 0.594 and 0.675).

Conclusion

Blood MALT1 measurement may assist in predicting outcomes in psoriasis patients, especially in those receiving biologics.
CXCL4/CXCR3 axis regulates cardiac fibrosis by activating TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 signaling in mouse viral myocarditis
Authors: Wei Jing , Wang Dan‐feng , Cui Cong‐cong , Tan Jia‐jia , Peng Ming‐yu , Lu Hong‐xiang
Published: April 2024

Background

Severe myocarditis is often accompanied by cardiac fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. CXCL4 is a chemokine that has been reported to have pro‐inflammatory and profibrotic functions. The exact role of CXCL4 in cardiac fibrosis remains unclear.

Methods

Viral myocarditis (VMC) models were induced by intraperitoneal injection of Coxsackie B Type 3 (CVB3). In vivo, CVB3 (100 TCID50) and CVB3‐AMG487 (CVB3: 100 TCID50; AMG487: 5 mg/kg) combination were administered in the VMC and VMC+AMG487 groups, respectively. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, severity score, Masson staining, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to measure myocardial morphology in VMC. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were performed to quantify inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and CXCL4). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine kinase‐myocardial band (CK‐MB) levels were analyzed by commercial kits. CXCL4, CXCR3B, α‐SMA, TGF‐β1, Collagen I, and Collagen III were determined by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

In vivo, CVB3‐AMG487 reduced cardiac injury, α‐SMA, Collagen I and Collagen III levels, and collagen deposition in VMC+AMG487 group. Additionally, compared with VMC group, VMC+AMG group decreased the levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α). In vitro, CXCL4/CXCR3B axis activation TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway promote mice cardiac fibroblasts differentiation.

Conclusion

CXCL4 acts as a profibrotic factor in TGF‐β1/Smad2/3 pathway‐induced cardiac fibroblast activation and ECM synthesis, and eventually progresses to cardiac fibrosis. Therefore, our findings revealed the role of CXCL4 in VMC and unveiled its underlying mechanism. CXCL4 appears to be a potential target for the treatment of VMC.
Correlation of clinical, laboratory, and short‐term outcomes of immunocompromised and immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients with semi‐quantitative chest CT score findings: A case‐control study
Authors: Ghadery Abdolkarim Haji , Abbasian Ladan , Jafari Fatemeh , Yazdi Niloofar Ayoobi , Ahmadinejad Zahra
Published: April 2024

Background

As the effects of immunosuppression are not still clear on COVID‐19 patients, we conducted this study to identify clinical and laboratory findings associated with pulmonary involvement in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients.

Methods

A case‐control of 107 immunocompromised and 107 immunocompetent COVID‐19 patients matched for age and sex with either positive RT‐PCR or clinical‐radiological findings suggestive of COVID‐19 enrolled in the study. Their initial clinical features, laboratory findings, chest CT scans, and short‐term outcomes (hospitalization time and intensive care unit [ICU] admission) were recorded. In addition, pulmonary involvement was assessed with the semi‐quantitative scoring system (0−25).

Results

Pulmonary involvement was significantly lower in immunocompromised patients in contrast to immunocompetent patients, especially in RLL (p = 0.001), LUL (p = 0.023), and both central and peripheral (p = 0.002), and peribronchovascular (p = 0.004) sites of lungs. Patchy (p < 0.001), wedged (p = 0.002), confluent (p = 0.002) lesions, and ground glass with consolidation pattern (p < 0.001) were significantly higher among immunocompetent patients. Initial signs and symptoms of immunocompromised patients including dyspnea (p = 0.008) and hemoptysis (p = 0.036), respiratory rate of over 25 (p < 0.001), and spo2 of below 93% (p = 0.01) were associated with higher pulmonary involvement. Total chest CT score was also associated with longer hospitalization (p = 0.016) and ICU admission (p = 0.04) among immunocompromised patients.

Conclusions

Pulmonary involvement score was not significantly different among immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Initial clinical findings (dyspnea, hemoptysis, higher RR, and lower Spo2) of immunocompromised patients could better predict pulmonary involvement than laboratory findings.
Coexistence of ankylosing spondylitis and Behçet's disease: Successful treatment with upadacitinib
Authors: Kraev Krasimir , Uchikov Petar , Hristov Bozhidar , Kraeva Maria , Basheva‐Kraeva Yordanka , Popova‐Belova Stanislava , Sandeva Milena , Chakarov Dzhevdet , Dragusheva Snezhanka , Geneva‐Popova Mariela
Published: April 2024

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Behçet's disease (BD) are distinct inflammatory disorders, but their coexistence is a rare clinical entity. This case sheds light on managing this complex scenario with Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors.

Case Presentation

A 42‐year‐old woman presented with a decade‐long history of lower back pain, nocturnal spinal discomfort, recurrent eye issues, oral and genital ulcers, hearing loss, pus formation in the left eye, and abdominal pain. Multidisciplinary consultations and diagnostic tests confirmed AS (HLA‐B27 positivity and sacroiliitis) and BD (HLA‐B51). Elevated acute‐phase markers were observed.

Conclusion

This case fulfills diagnostic criteria for both AS and BD, emphasizing their coexistence. Notably, treatment with upadacitinib exhibited promising efficacy, underscoring its potential as a therapeutic option in patients with contraindications for conventional treatments. Our findings illuminate the intricate management of patients presenting with these two diverse systemic conditions and advocate for further exploration of JAK inhibitors in similar cases.
SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR cycle threshold value at admission might not be a good predictor of in‐hospital COVID‐19‐associated AKI
Authors: Rahimipour Anaraki Shiva , Mohammadian Ali , Mostaghimi Talieh , Sadeghi Farzin , Akbari Roghayeh
Published: April 2024

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection, and a predictor of disease severity and mortality; furthermore, a prompt diagnosis and treatment of this complication may enhance COVID‐19 prognosis. Therefore, we aim to investigate potential risk factors for SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated AKI, including SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR cycle threshold value (CT value), which correlation with AKI is conflicting.

Methods

This case–control study included 110 hospitalized patients with SARS‐CoV‐2‐associated AKI as cases and 110 random SARS‐CoV‐2 hospitalized patients as controls. Reverse transcription real‐time PCR of admission nasopharyngeal swabs evaluated E gene cycle thresholds. Additional clinical and paraclinical information extracted from medical records. The patient's status at discharge, and 14 and 30 days after discharge. Therefore, after adjusting for age and gender, the correlation between variables was assessed.

Results

SARS‐CoV‐2 AKI is significantly associated with age above 60, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and underlying kidney diseases. Abnormal admission hemoglobin or alkaline phosphatase, proteinuria or hematuria in urine sediment, and abnormal creatinine during hospitalization were the paraclinical features correlated to SARS‐CoV‐2 AKI. AKI group demonstrated greater in‐hospital, 14‐ and 30‐day mortality. Nevertheless, this study did not evidence a correlation between the admission CT value and mortality or AKI.

Conclusion

Admission CT values provide limited information regarding the dynamic viral load and varying hospitalization time points; thus, they may not be reliable for predicting the prognosis and complications of COVID‐19 in all populations. Further studies with serial CT measurements or symptom onset time adjustment are recommended.
Fiber–Chip–Fiber Mode/Polarization/Wavelength Transmission and Processing with Few‐Mode Fiber, (de)Multiplexing SiO2 Chip and ROADM Si Chip
Authors: Li Kang , Cai Chengkun , Cao Xiaoping , Yang Min , Yan Guofeng , Wan Yuanjian , Wu Guangze , Wang Kangrui , Wang Jian
Published: April 2024

The emergence of optical communications has opened up new perspectives for high‐capacity data transmission and signal processing, to meet the demand of the increasing data traffic. Despite significant progress in multi‐dimensional multiplexing for capacity scaling in fiber–optic communications or photonic networks‐on‐chip, achieving high‐capacity data transmission and signal processing in an entire fiber–chip–fiber system remains a great challenge. This challenge is attributed to the lack of effective multi‐dimensional coupling between fiber and chip. Here, the 3D (de)multiplexing SiO2 chip inscribed by femtosecond laser direct writing is proposed to achieve the multi‐dimensional coupling between the few‐mode fiber (FMF) transmission link and the silicon processing network. Combined with the 2D silicon chip fabricated by a standard lithography process, a multi‐dimensional fiber–chip–fiber communication system designed to transmit and process the hybrid wavelength‐, mode‐ and polarization‐division multiplexing signals in FMF is constructed. The silicon chip integrates Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switches and arrayed‐waveguide gratings (AWGs) to serve as a reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM). As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, a 96‐channel FMF–chip–FMF communication system with a data transmission capacity of 4.032 Tbit s−1, achieving a bit‐error ratio (BER) of less than 3.8 × 10−3, is successfully implemented.
Research on the influence of digitalization on competitive advantage of manufacturing enterprises
Authors: Zhang Yimeng , Pang Jianing , Li Huimingmei
Published: April 2024

In the current era of rapid digital development, the digital transformation of manufacturing has gradually become an inevitable trend in industry development, and the in‐depth study of the relationship between digitalization and competitive advantage has become an important topic in the field of management science. Based on data from Chinese‐listed manufacturing companies from 2012 to 2021, this paper uses empirical analysis to show that digitalization can effectively enhance the low‐cost competitive advantage and differentiation competitive advantage of manufacturing companies, with organizational slack and environmental uncertainty playing a moderating role in this process. The study also delves into the heterogeneity among firms of different scales, ownership characteristics, and life cycles. This research helps to examine the actual effectiveness of manufacturing companies in the process of digital transformation, while also providing a theoretical basis for how manufacturing companies can better acquire and maintain competitive advantages in the process of digitalization.
Basic Science in Movement Disorders: Fueling the Engine of Translation into Clinical Practice
Authors: Outeiro Tiago F. , Kalia Lorraine V. , Bezard Erwan , Ferrario Juan , Lin Chin‐Hsien , Salama Mohamed , Standaert David G. , Taiwo Lolade , Takahashi Ryosuke , Vila Miquel , Mollenhauer Brit , Svenningsson Per ,   The MDS Basic Science Special Interest Group Steering Committee
Published: April 2024

Basic Science is crucial for the advancement of clinical care for Movement Disorders. Here, we provide brief updates on how basic science is important for understanding disease mechanisms, disease prevention, disease diagnosis, development of novel therapies and to establish the basis for personalized medicine. We conclude the viewpoint by a call to action to further improve interactions between clinician and basic scientists. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
MR signature matching (MRSIGMA) implementation for true real‐time free‐breathing volumetric imaging with sub‐200 ms latency on an MR‐Linac
Authors: Siddiq Saad , Murray Victor , Tyagi Neelam , Borman Pim , Gui Chengcheng , Crane Christopher , Wu Can , Otazo Ricardo
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Develop a true real‐time implementation of MR signature matching (MRSIGMA) for free‐breathing 3D MRI with sub‐200 ms latency on the Elekta Unity 1.5T MR‐Linac.

Methods

MRSIGMA was implemented on an external computer with a network connection to the MR‐Linac. Stack‐of‐stars with partial kz sampling was used to accelerate data acquisition and ReconSocket was employed for simultaneous data transmission. Movienet network computed the 4D MRI motion dictionary and correlation analysis was used for signature matching. A programmable 4D MRI phantom was utilized to evaluate MRSIGMA with respect to a ground‐truth translational motion reference. In vivo validation was performed on patients with pancreatic cancer, where 15 patients were employed to train Movienet and 7 patients to test the real‐time implementation of MRSIGMA. Dice coefficients between real‐time MRSIGMA and a retrospectively computed 4D reference were used to evaluate motion tracking performance.

Results

Motion dictionary was computed in under 5 s. Signature acquisition and matching presented 173 ms latency on the phantom and 193 ms on patients. MRSIGMA presented a mean error of 1.3–1.6 mm for all phantom experiments, which was below the 2 mm acquisition resolution along the motion direction. The Dice coefficient over time between MRSIGMA and reference contours was 0.88 ± 0.02 (GTV), 0.87 ± 0.02(duodenum‐stomach), and 0.78 ± 0.02(small bowel), demonstrating high motion tracking performance for both tumor and organs at risk.

Conclusion

The real‐time implementation of MRSIGMA enabled true real‐time free‐breathing 3D MRI with sub‐200 ms imaging latency on a clinical MR‐Linac system, which can be used for treatment monitoring, adaptive radiotherapy and dose accumulation mapping in tumors affected by respiratory motion.
Machine learning in solid mechanics: Application to acoustic metamaterial design
Authors: Yago D. , Sal‐Anglada G. , Roca D. , Cante J. , Oliver J.
Published: April 2024

Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) are increasingly pivotal in the design of advanced metamaterials, seamlessly integrated with material or topology optimization. Their intrinsic capability to predict and interconnect material properties across vast design spaces, often computationally prohibitive for conventional methods, has led to groundbreaking possibilities. This paper introduces an innovative machine learning approach for the optimization of acoustic metamaterials, focusing on Multiresonant Layered Acoustic Metamaterial (MLAM), designed for targeted noise attenuation at low frequencies (below 1000 Hz). This method leverages ML to create a continuous model of the Representative Volume Element (RVE) effective properties essential for evaluating sound transmission loss (STL), and subsequently used to optimize the overall topology configuration for maximum sound attenuation using a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The significance of this methodology lies in its ability to deliver rapid results without compromising accuracy, significantly reducing the computational overhead of complete topology optimization by several orders of magnitude. To demonstrate the versatility and scalability of this approach, it is extended to a more intricate RVE model, characterized by a higher number of parameters, and is optimized using the same strategy. In addition, to underscore the potential of ML techniques in synergy with traditional topology optimization, a comparative analysis is conducted, comparing the outcomes of the proposed method with those obtained through direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the corresponding full 3D MLAM model. This comparative analysis highlights the transformative potential of this combination, particularly when addressing complex topological challenges with significant computational demands, ushering in a new era of metamaterial and component design.
Syntheses of high molecular mass polyglycolides via ring‐opening polymerization with simultaneous polycondensation (ROPPOC) by means of tin and zinc catalysts
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Meyer Andreas
Published: April 2024

Glycolide was polymerized in bulk by means of four different ROPPOC catalysts: tin(II) 2‐ethylhexanoate (SnOct2), dibutyltin bis(pentafluoro‐phenoxide) (BuSnOPF), zinc biscaproate (ZnCap), and zinc bis(pentafluoro‐phenyl sulfide) (ZnSPF). The temperature was varied between 110 and 180°C and the time between 3 h and 7 days. For the few polyglycolides (PGAs) that were soluble extremely high molecular masses were obtained. The MALDI TOF mass spectra had all a low signal‐to‐noise ration and displayed the peaks of cyclic PGAs with a “saw‐tooth pattern” indicating formation of extended‐ring crystallites in the mass range below m/z 2500. The shape of DSC curves varied considerably with catalyst and reaction conditions, whereas the long‐distance values measured by SAXS were small and varied little with the polymerization conditions.
Polymers as candidates for broad‐spectrum antivirals—in vitro inhibition of Zika virus with sodium polyanethole sulfonate
Authors: Obłoza Magdalena , Milewska Aleksandra , Botwina Paweł , Górecka Magdalena , Szczepański Artur , Medaj Aneta , Bonarek Piotr , Szczubiałka Krzysztof , Pyrć Krzysztof , Nowakowska Maria
Published: April 2024

Zika virus (ZIKV), belonging to the family of flaviviruses, is an emerging mosquito‐borne pathogen causing microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities in newborns as well as various neurologic pathologies in adults. The climate change and the lifestyle of current societies, involving global mobility, result in a rapid broadening of ZIKV geographic distribution. There are no vaccines or drugs available to protect against or cure the diseases caused by that virus. Our in vitro studies have demonstrated that sodium polyanethole sulfonate (PASNa), a degradable polymer used in various biomedical applications, acts as an efficient ZIKV inhibitor, both in animal and human cells. The mechanistic studies indicated that PASNa bound to the ZIKV particles thus hindering their attachment to the host cells and also interfered in the late steps of viral replication. PASNa is characterized by very low cytotoxicity and its antiviral activity can be achieved at a concentration much lower than that at which its anticoagulant activity has to be considered. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies have shown that the interaction of PASNa with human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant blood protein, is the endothermic, entropy‐driven process resulting in the formation of stoichiometric (1:1) PASNa‐HSA complexes with a hydrodynamic diameter of 8.8 ± 0.8 nm and zeta potential (ζ) equal to −21.3 mV. The analysis of CD spectra indicated that PASNa did not significantly affect the HSA secondary structure on binding to that protein.
Characterization and therapeutic potential of chitosan‐zinc oxide nanostructured particles synthesized using crab shell derived biopolymer
Authors: Rajan Durairaj Karthick , Saravanan Kandasamy , Mohan Kannan , Mythili R. , Vatin Nikolai Ivanovich , Zhang Shumiao , Ravikumar Vilwanathan , Zhang Shubing
Published: April 2024

The development of novel drug candidates for treating microbial infections and cancer turns into a challenging task. The biopolymer‐based nanomaterials have gained popularity for their effective roles in the pharmaceutical sector. The present investigation aims to valorize crab shell wastes to extract chitosan. The obtained (chitosan) biomass was utilized to synthesize chitosan‐zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ch‐ZnO‐NPs). The nanomaterial characterization was achieved by a variety of physicochemical techniques including UV, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, and High‐resolution transmission electron microscopic (HR‐TEM) examination. The synthesized nanomaterials have a particle size range of 35–80 nm and are more stable with a zeta potential value of (−40.78) mv. Additionally, the designed nanomaterials were utilized to evaluate the biological efficiency. The minimal inhibitory concentration value of Ch‐ZnO‐NPs was observed as 10 μg/mL. The designed nanomaterials significantly reduced the growth of Vibrio alginolyticus and Bacillus cereus and inhibited biofilm formation. The synthesized Ch‐ZnO‐NPs unveiled cytotoxic effects on A549 cells with an IC50 (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration) of 20 μg/mL. Furthermore, substantial increase in cell death was noticed in A549 cells treated with Ch‐ZnO‐NPs. Consequently, this investigation concludes that Ch‐ZnO‐NPs may act as a biomedicine.
Bioactive materials‐coated polybutylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate 3D‐printed scaffolds for application in the bone tissues engineering
Authors: Menezes Felipe Castro , Scheibel Jóice Maria , de Souza Balbinot Gabriela , Miranda Gabriela Messias , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo , Soares Rosane Michele Duarte
Published: April 2024

Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a biomedical area that develops scaffolds capable of mimicking and repairing damage on bone tissue. For this, a popular and nonexpensive 3D printing technique named fused deposition modeling (FDM) has been used. The potential use of 3D scaffolds of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT) has been investigated in BTE since this polymer presents good biocompatibility and degradability, as well as mechanical properties like those offered by the natural bone. A single material does not have the features to promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation; the incorporation of bioactive substances can overcome this issue. This work aimed to develop 3D printed PBAT scaffolds by FDM technique and coated them with hydroxyapatite (H), bioglass (B), and gelatin (G) by solution immersion technique to obtain a functional biomaterial to be applied on the BTE. Structural characteristics and morphological and mechanical properties of the 3D scaffolds were evaluated. The cell proliferation and mineralization of pre‐osteoblastic cells (MC3T3‐E1) were accessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl‐tetrazolium bromide, sulphorodhamine B, and Alizarin red assay, respectively. 3D printed PBAT scaffolds were successfully obtained by FDM, and the surface modification of 3D PBAT was proven through the changes observed in structural and morphological characteristics. In addition, the mechanical properties were improved in the modified scaffolds. Also, the coated 3D PBAT scaffolds with any bioactive substance increased and promoted cell proliferation and pre‐osteoblastic differentiation. Therefore, the combination of 3D PBAT scaffolds and H, G, and/or B (doped with niobium) is an alternative to produce functional biomaterials for BTE.
Improving the mechanical properties of vulcanizates containing ground tire rubber: Recipe optimization with the Taguchi method
Authors: Kiss Lóránt , Molnár Márk János , Mészáros László
Published: April 2024

In this study, we optimized the recipe of ground tire rubber (GTR) containing natural rubber–based vulcanizates using the Taguchi method. We examined the effect of the amount of different components on the mechanical properties of natural rubber–based vulcanizates containing GTR. We determined the individual impact of each component on the tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, tear strength, and hardness of the vulcanizates. However, when multiple components are changed simultaneously, understanding the underlying processes can be challenging. Nevertheless, using the Taguchi method, we were able to decide which component quantity we needed to modify to enhance a specific mechanical property. With the Taguchi method, we determined how and to what extent each component influences the tensile strength of vulcanizates in a sulfur‐based vulcanization system. Finally, based on the results, we formulated a recipe to produce a vulcanizate with approximately 43% higher tensile strength compared to the reference.
Clarifying the causal contrast: An empirical example applying the prevalent new user study design
Authors: Young Jessica C. , Webster‐Clark Michael , Shmuel Shahar , Garry Elizabeth M. , Mavros Panagiotis , Stürmer Til , Girman Cynthia J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose

The prevalent new user design extends the active comparator new user design to include patients switching to a treatment of interest from a comparator. We examined the impact of adding “switchers” to incident new users on the estimated hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalized heart failure.

Methods

Using MarketScan claims data (2000–2014), we estimated HRs of hospitalized heart failure between patients initiating GLP‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) and sulfonylureas (SU). We considered three estimands: (1) the effect of incident new use; (2) the effect of switching; and (3) the effect of incident new use or switching, combining the two population. We used time‐conditional propensity scores (TCPS) and time‐stratified standardized morbidity ratio (SMR) weighting to adjust for confounding.

Results

We identified 76 179 GLP‐1 RA new users, of which 12% were direct switchers (within 30 days) from SU. Among incident new users, GLP‐1 RA was protective against heart failure (adjHRSMR = 0.74 [0.69, 0.80]). Among switchers, GLP‐1 RA was not protective (adjHRSMR = 0.99 [0.83, 1.18]). Results in the combined population were largely driven by the incident new users, with GLP‐1 RA having a protective effect (adjHRSMR = 0.77 [0.72, 0.83]). Results using TCPS were consistent with those estimated using SMR weighting.

Conclusions

When analyses were conducted only among incident new users, GLP‐1 RA had a protective effect. However, among switchers from SU to GLP‐1 RA, the effect estimates substantially shifted toward the null. Combining patients with varying treatment histories can result in poor confounding control and camouflage important heterogeneity.
Mehr als ein hochgenauer Zeitmesser
Authors: Thirolf Peter G. , Kraemer Sandro , Weitenberg Johannes
Published: April 2024

Das Thoriumisomer 229mTh besitzt den mit zirka 8,3 eV niederenergetischsten angeregten Zustand aller bekannten Atomkerne, der zudem langlebig ist. Damit bietet 229Th die Möglichkeit, den Kernübergang zwischen Grundzustand und angeregtem Isomer zum Bau einer sogenannten Kernuhr einzusetzen. Sie wäre eine Ergänzung zu den bislang genauesten optischen Atomuhren mit dem Potenzial, diese an Genauigkeit zu übertreffen. Damit kann die Kernuhr als neuartiger Quantensensor für fundamentale physikalische Fragen dienen. Dazu zählen eine mögliche Zeitabhängigkeit von Naturkonstanten sowie die Suche nach ultraleichter Dunkler Materie. In den letzten Jahren gelangen hierzu bedeutende experimentelle Durchbrüche bei der Identifikation und Charakterisierung des Kernuhrübergangs. Gelingt mit einer laserspektroskopischen Anregung des Thoriumisomers noch ein weiterer Meilenstein, dann steht der ersten Kernuhr nichts mehr im Weg.
Registration of ‘CP 13‐1954’ sugarcane for Florida organic soils
Authors: Lesmes‐Vesga Ricardo A. , Zhao Duli , Sood Sushma , Momotaz Aliya , Davidson Wayne , Islam Md , Baltazar Miguel , Gordon Vanessa , McCord Per , Arbelo Orlando Coto , Sandhu Hardev
Published: April 2024

‘CP 13‐1954’ (Reg. no. CV‐218, PI 704104) sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) was developed through cooperative research conducted by the USDA–ARS, the University of Florida, and the Florida Sugar Cane League, Inc., and released to growers for organic (muck) soils in Florida in June 2020. The parentage of CP 13‐1954 is ‘CP 85‐1491’ × Poly 09‐24. Based on the results of three crops (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon) in field trials conducted at five locations, CP 13‐1954 had higher cane yield (16.2%), sucrose yield (15.6%), and economic index (29.7%) at P < .05 compared with the reference cultivar, ‘CP 96‐1252’. CP 13‐1954 stalks are usually taller than the reference cultivar, ‘CP 00‐1101’, with small‐to‐medium diameter, and exhibits resistance to ratoon stunting disease, Sugarcane mosaic virus strain E, brown rust, orange rust, and smut and moderate resistance to leaf scald on muck soils in Florida. CP 13‐1954 has Bru1 locus that provides resistance against brown rust. CP 13‐1954 showed moderate cold tolerance among all the tested cultivars.