bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ovicidal and Larvicidal Activities of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Three Botanicals Against the Malaria Vector - Anopheles Gambiae
Authors: Egunjobi Funmilayo Bukola , Okoye Ikem Chris
Published: March 2020

Malaria, transmitted by Anopheles gambiae, has been a major public health concern in Africa. Chemicals used in the control of A. gambiae have caused a lot of havoc in the environment and to non-target organisms. More so, a high rate of resistance by these mosquitoes has been recorded. This study evaluated the ovicidal and larvicidal activities of ethanolic leaf extracts of Duranta erecta, Tridax procumbens and Pennisetum purpureum against A. gambiae. Phytochemical analysis of these plants revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkanoids, flavonoids, glycosides and anthroquinone. Ground dry leaves of each plant material were concentrated in 7 litres of 95% ethanol for 72 hours followed by filtration and evaporation. D. erecta, T. procumbens and P. purpureum yielded 617.2g, 598.3g and 552g of extracts respectively. The WHO standard for mosquito bioassay was adopted and concentrations 40, 100, 140 and 200 parts per million (PPM) were tested against 20 eggs and 25 larvae using emersion method. The hatching rate and % larval mortality of the extracts were recorded in which a concentration dependent increase was observed. High ovicidal activity (low egg hatchability) was recorded in D. erecta (LC50 -10.037 PPM) followed by P. purpureum and T. procumbens with LC50 values of 17.380 and 39.198 respectively. The highest larvicidal activity was observed in D. erecta (LC50 -76.943 PPM) compared to P. purpureum and T. procumbens (LC50 - 213.410 PPM and 214.217 PPM). Evidently, D. erecta ethanolic leaf extracts showed the best efficacy in the control of A. gambiae in this study. D. erecta is an environmentally friendly alternative in reducing the use of chemicals for mosquito control.
Olive oil quality influenced by biostimulant foliar fertilizers
Authors: Zouari Imen , Mechri Beligh , Tekaya Meriem , Dabbaghi Olfa , Cheraief Imed , Mguidiche Amel , Annabi Khouloud , Laabidi Foued , Attia Faouzi , Hammami Mohamed , Mezghani Mouna Aïachi
Published: March 2020

Foliar fertilization has been used as an important tool to meet the tree nutrient demand and to be an environmental beneficial with the use of little quantities. Actually modern fruit trees physiology is focused on the stimulation of plant cell development and fruit production using biostimulants. In olive trees, few products have been used for improving oil quality. For this purpose, two biostimulants products have been tested and used simple or combined with a third product rich in nitrogen. The treatments were classified to: T1 (rich in nitrogen) and biostimulants treatments as following T2 (combination of boron, magnesium, sulfur and manganese associated with seaweed) TNi (biostimulant combining a protein extract with a calcium base), T12 (combined application of T1 and T2) and finally T12Ni (combined application of T1, T2 and TNi) with a control treatment CON (without foliar fertilization). All these foliar nutrients were sprayed during two successive years on trees issued of Chemlali cultivar cultivated in rain-fed conditions of central Tunisia. Biochemical parameters of the olive oil, like physiochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile total polyphenols, ortho-diphenols, chlorophyllic and carotenoids pigments were analyzed annually after the application of these foliar compounds. All the olive oils issued from the treatments were classified as extra virgin and the physiochemical parameters were sensitive to foliar fertilization except for some parameters. Quantitative changes were observed in the pool of the fatty acids composition and the treatment TNi (rich in calcium) increased significantly the percentage of the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) C18:1 as well as the ratios C18:1/C18:2 and MUFA/polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during the first year of experimentation. This treatment induced also an increase in the total polyphenols concentration. An annual variation between treatments has been observed according the polyphenols concentration and othodiphenols which can be influenced by climatic conditions principally in rain-fed conditions. This study highlighted the effect of the nutrient availability cumulated after two years of foliar application on the olive oil quality.
Biochemical changes in Mucuna sloanei (ukpo) seeds induced by six pathogenic fungi and comparative analysis of the pathogenic fungi
Authors: Emiri U. N. , Enaregha E. B.
Published: March 2020

Biochemical changes in Mucuna sloanei Fawc. & Rendle (Fabaceae) seeds induced by six pathogenic fungi and comparative analysis of the pathogenic fungi were investigated. The fungal pathogens isolated from partially rotted seeds of M. sloanei seeds include Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergilus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium italicum, Alternaria altermata and Fusarium oxysporum. These fungi were used as test fungi to inoculate healthy M. sloanei seeds aseptically. The results of proximate analysis in (%w/w)/100 g of seeds inoculated with the test fungi and uninoculated (control) seeds carried out revealed that there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in moisture, ash, lipid and carbohydrate content of seeds inoculated with the test fungi, relative to uninoculated (control) seeds. While fiber and protein content decreased in fungi inoculated seeds relative to uninoculated seeds. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in mineral content evaluated. Calcium, phosphorus and sodium increased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi relative to the uninoculated, while iron, potassium and magnesium decreased in seeds inoculated with the test fungi. Phytochemical (anti-nutrient) contents (tannin, saponins, total oxalate and cynogenic glucoside) increased in the fungi inoculated seeds, relative to uninoculated seeds. Significant differences also occurred among the test fungi. Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria altermata and Penicillium italicum appeared to induce more changes in proximate and mineral composition. Penicillium italicum also recorded the highest increase in phytochemical content (tannin, saponin and total oxalate) in seeds inoculated with test fungi relative to the uninoculated (control) seeds.
Growth behaviour and metal accumulation of two varieties of maize Zea mays L. sown on a soil obtained from a mining site
Authors: Abiya Sylvanus Efetobor , Ogunwole Germaine Akinola , Odiyi Bridget Onoshagbe , Olanrewaju Aderonke Blessing
Published: March 2020

A screen house study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gemstone mining on the growth behaviour of maize Zea mays L. A completely randomized design involving two samples of soil (FUTA (control) and Ijero (mined soil)), two varieties of the maize (TMZ234 and Sammarz 39) was used. The seeds were sown into experimental pots containing the soils and the whole set up was left for eight weeks. Growth parameters (plant height, leaf area and stem girth were taken at a weekly basis up till the eight week. Eight heavy metal (Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Ar, Zn, Pb and Ni) concentration in the soils, roots and shoots of the plants was determined at the end of the experiment using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Baseline data indicates that the mined soil is acidic (pH 4.12), with low organic carbon (0.92), low organic matter (1.59) and low total nitrogen (0.76). Results obtained from this study show that all growth parameters were negatively affected by the mined soil. Plant height was significantly higher in the control varieties (82.28 and 40.46, respectively) when compared with the mined soil varieties (30.5 and 29, respectively) at 8 weeks after planting (WAP). Leaf area also followed the same pattern with varieties grown on control soil having significantly higher leaf area (48.22 and 25.22, respectively) than varieties grown on mined soil (19.08 and 19, respectively). Stem girth of variety TMZ234 in control soil was also significantly higher than the rest (2.24 as against 1.68, 1.5 and 1.74). Heavy metals concentration in the soil, shoot and root of the plants grown in mined soils were all higher than in those grown on control soils. In the soil, Cr, Ni and Pb were 0.24, 0.15, 0.10 and 0.20, 0.13, 0.10, respectively, in both varieties grown on mined soils as against 0.03, 0.01, 0.00 and 0.03, 0.08, 0.00 for Cr, Ni and Pb, respectively, for both varieties grown on control soils. Bioaccumulation and translocation factors for the metals were less than 1 in all the soils except for Ni which had BCF of 2.80 and 6.90 for both varieties grown in the control soils. The results from this study has shown the negative effect of gemstone mining activities on the growth of two varieties of Zea mays.
Testy kontroli jakości obrazowania kV-CBCT z wykorzystaniem fantomu Capthan 504 oraz ich analiza z użyciem oprogramowania Artiscan.
Authors: Szweda Hubert
Published: March 2020

Radioterapia kontrolowana za pomocą obrazowania (ang. Image Guided Radiotherapy – IGRT) w ostatnich latach stała się szeroko akceptowalną i zalecaną techniką leczenia. Możliwość precyzyjnego obrazowania pacjenta bezpośrednio przed podaniem wiązki terapeutycznej pozwala na bardzo dokładne sprawdzenie jego ułożenia, precyzyjne napromienienie obszaru tarczowego oraz zmniejszenie dawki promieniowania deponowanej w zdrowych tkankach i narządach. Głównym celem pracy było wykonanie testów kontroli jakości systemu obrazowania kV-CBCT zainstalowanego na medycznym akceleratorze liniowym TrueBeam, firmy Varian Medical Systems. Celem szczegółowym było wyznaczenie wartości referencyjnych dla wszystkich testów obrazowania oraz opracowanie protokołów QA (ang. Quality Assurance). Do przeprowadzenia testów kontroli jakości wykorzystano fantom Catphan 504. Dokonano kontroli jakości dwóch protokołów skanowania: Head oraz Pelvis.  Podczas testów wyznaczono następujące parametry opisujące jakość obrazu: liniowość skali jednostek Hounsfielda, rozdzielczość wysokokontrastową, rozdzielczość niskokontrastową, zniekształcenie geometryczne, poziom szumu, jednorodność. Do analizy uzyskanych obrazów DICOM wykorzystano oprogramowanie Artiscan. Poziom szumu w obrazie wynosił 2,75% dla protokołu skanowania Head i 0,85% dla protokołu Pelvis, natomiast jednorodność obrazu wynosiła 94% i 98%. Wszystkie obliczone wartości jednostek HU mieściły się w przyjętym przedziale tolerancji. Rozdzielczość wysokokontrastowa wynosiła kolejno 7,70lp/mm i 5,59lp/mm. Dla protokołu skanowania Pelvis, obiekt o średnicy 15mm w warunkach Supra-Slice 1% został wykryty podczas każdej serii pomiarowej. Nie zaobserwowano żadnych zniekształceń geometrycznych obrazu. Opracowane protokoły kontroli jakości używane są w praktyce klinicznej podczas procesu kontroli jakości.
Automatyczne planowanie leczenia, planowanie na bazie zgromadzonej wiedzy i inne nowatorskie osiągnięcia w planowaniu leczenia radioterapii – jak takie systemy pracują w świetle doniesień konferencyjnych ESTRO 36, Wiedeń, Austria.
Authors: Skrobała Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

Celem niniejszej pracy był przegląd i prezentacja zautomatyzowanych systemów planowania leczenia, planowania opartego na bazie zgromadzonej wiedzy, a także inne nowatorskie osiągnięcia w planowaniu leczenia radioterapii wraz z odpowiedzią na pytanie; jak takie systemy pracują. Przegląd oparto o wybrane doniesienia oraz problemy badawcze zaprezentowane podczas dorocznej konferencji ESTRO 36 odbywającej się w Wiedniu, Austrii.
The factors affecting achievement national examination in high schools
Authors: Susilowati Nenden , Sukidjo Sukidjo
Published: March 2020

This research aims to reveal the factors affecting the achievement in the national examination. This study was analytical research.   The population in this study totaled 2,243, whereas the amount of the specified sample was 339 students with techniques of stratified random sampling. The population in this study totaled 2, 243, whereas the amount of the specified samples of 339 students with techniques of stratified random sampling. The data collected through a questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The data analysis used the multiple regression model. The research results are as follows. Significant; (1) there is a significant correlation of the intake of students on the national exam results. The value is of R is 0.740; (2) there is a significant correlation between the learning motivation of students on the national exam results. The value of R is 0.406; (3) there, significant is significant    Correlation of the competency of teachers on the National exam results; the value of R is 0.398; (4) there is a significant correlation of the school environment on the national exam results; the value of R is 0. 366; (5) there is a significant correlation of the family support on the national is exam results; the value of R is 0.443; (6) there is a significant correlation of the intake of students ' learning motivation, the competence of teachers, school environment, and family support simultaneously on the national exam is results of the results; the value of R is 0.825.
LATAR BELAKANG ASPEK KEHIDUPAN PADA SISTEM PENAMAAN JALAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA: KAJIAN ANTROPOLINGUISTIK
Authors: Prihadi Prihadi , Listiyorini Ari
Published: March 2020

Penelitian mengenai onomastika telah beberapa kali dilakukan. Lewat penelitian onomastika dapat dijelaskan penggunaan aspek kebahasaan dan aspek lain seperti sejarah dan budaya, kehidupan, motivasi, serta alasan motivasi dan tujuan penamaan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan aspek kehidupan pada sistem penamaan jalan di Yogyakarta sebagai bagian dari keistimewaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian deskriptif. Penelitian dibatasi pada Kota Yogyakarta yang memiliki data nama jalan secara formal. Data berupa nama-nama jalan. Sumber data berupa sumber data tertulis dan lisan. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, dan pencatatan. Analisis data dengan kultural-historis. Validasi dilakukan dengan triangulasi data dan metode. Penelitian menemukan 26 aspek kehidupan yang selanjutnya dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 9 aspek kehidupan. Aspek-aspek tersebut meliputi aspek tumbuhan dan binatang, aspek tempat (asal-usul tempat, fungsi tempat, penanda tempat, dan arah tempat), aspek yang berhubungan dengan keraton (kerabat keraton, prajurit keraton, tempat tinggal pegawai keraton, senjata perang), aspek geografis (ciri-ciri geografis, gunung/sungai, dan fenomena alam), aspek profesi, aspek pahlawan dan tokoh, aspek harapan dan cita-cita, aspek nama wayang, dan aspek lainnya (aktivitas kerja, karakter, dan sifat). Kata kunci: nama jalan, aspek kehidupan, kultural-historis BACKGROUNDS OF THE LIFE ASPECTS ON THE ROAD NAMING SYSTEM IN YOGYAKARTA CITY: ANTHROPOLINGUISTIC STUDYAbstract              Research on onomastics has been conducted a number of times. Through onomastic research, road naming can be described in terms of the linguistic and other aspects such as history and culture, ways of life, and motives and objectives. This study is aimed at describing the aspects of life in the street naming system in Yogyakarta as part of the special features of the Yogyakarta Special Region. This study uses the descriptive research design. The research location in Yogyakarta is limited to the city of Yogyakarta which has formal road name data. Data are in the form of street names in the study location. Data sources are written and oral. Data collection techniques are observation, interview, and recording. Data analysis is cultural-historical. Validation is done by data and method triangulations. Results show 26 aspects of life grouped into 9. These aspects are related to plants and animals, places (origin, function, marker, and direction), palaces (family kinship, soldier troop, official residence, and war weapon), geography (feature, mountain/river, and natural phenomena), profession, hero and figure, hope and ideal, wayang figure, and other (work activity, character, and nature). Keywords: street names, aspects of life, cultural-historical aspect
One-Way and Two-Way Mobile Phone Text Messages for Treatment Adherence Among Patients With HIV: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Nsagha Dickson Shey , Siysi Vincent Verla , Ekobo Same , Egbe Thomas Obinchemti , Kibu Odette Dzemo
Published: March 2020

Background

Incomplete adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is one of the factors that contribute to HIV drug resistance, and it is a major problem for the public health system in controlling the HIV pandemic. There is emerging evidence that SMS can play an important role in health care delivery among patients with HIV on ART, especially in resource-limited settings.

Objective

This paper aims to assess the impact of two-way and one-way SMS text messaging on adherence to HIV treatment. We hypothesized that sending weekly text messages through the one-way and two-way SMS text messaging approach will improve adherence to ART among patients with HIV and improve associated clinical outcomes (quality of life).

Methods

A randomized controlled trial is being carried out among participants with HIV who have been on ART for at least one month from an accredited treatment center, namely the Buea Regional Hospital and Kumba District Hospital of South West Region, Cameroon. Participants with HIV, both male and female, aged 21 years and older make up a sample size of 207. The interventions involved the use of mobile phone text messages. Before commencing the intervention, a focus group discussion was carried out among the participants to understand their perception about the use of SMS-based interventions to improve adherence. A total of 246 participants were randomized to receive either a one-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient without recipient sending a reply) or two-way text message (SMS sent to a recipient and recipient sends a reply) or the control (no SMS, only standard care). Data on adherence and quality of life were collected at baseline and after 6 months and will be analyzed using SPSS version 21, while qualitative data will be analyzed using Atlas.ti 7.5.

Results

Data collection began in September 2019 with focus group discussions and baseline data collection. After 1 month of baseline data collection, the intervention began in October 2019, and postintervention data were collected after 6 months (March 2020). At the end of the study, we will be able to understand the perception of patients toward SMS text messaging–based interventions and also assess the impact of one-way and two-way SMS text messages on treatment adherence among patients with HIV and on associated clinical outcomes (quality of life).

Conclusions

The impact of SMS text messaging varies across different settings. The results from this study will determine the perception of patients toward an SMS text messaging–based intervention and its impact on adherence to ART.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16127
Engaging Patients and Professionals to Evaluate the Seriousness of Maternal and Child Health Outcomes: Protocol for a Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M , Khodyakov Dmitry , Himes Katherine P , Burke Jessica G , Parisi Sara , Hutcheon Jennifer A
Published: March 2020

Background

Maternal weight gain during pregnancy is one of the few potentially modifiable risk factors for many adverse maternal and child health outcomes. Defining the optimal pregnancy weight gain range is difficult because, while lower weight gain may prevent some outcomes, such as maternal and child obesity, it may increase the risk of others such as fetal growth restriction and infant death. These health outcomes vary in their seriousness to mothers and their health care providers, and these differences in seriousness should be taken into account when determining optimal weight gain ranges. However, the relative seriousness that women and their care providers place on different health outcomes is unknown.

Objective

We will determine the seriousness of 11 maternal and child health outcomes that have been consistently associated with pregnancy weight gain. We will achieve this by engaging patients and maternal and child health professionals using an online modified Delphi panel process.

Methods

We aim to recruit a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse group of 90 US maternal and child health professionals and 90 women who are pregnant or less than 2 years postpartum. We will conduct 3 concurrent panels using the ExpertLens system, a previously evaluated online modified Delphi system that combines 2 rounds of rating with 1 round of feedback and moderated online discussion. In Round 1, panelists are asked to rate the seriousness of each health outcome on a scale of 0-100 and to provide a rationale for their scores. In Round 2, panelists will review their responses relative to those of other panelists. They will discuss their seriousness ratings anonymously using a moderated online discussion board. In Round 3, participants will revise their Round 1 responses based on group feedback and discussion. Each round will be open for 1-2 weeks.

Results

The study protocol was reviewed by our ethics boards and did not require approval as human research. A pilot study of 6 professionals and 7 patients was completed in December 2019.

Conclusions

Our numeric estimates of the seriousness of maternal and child health outcomes will enable future studies to determine pregnancy weight gain ranges that balance the risks of low and high weight gain for mothers and children.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16478
Midwives’ Attitudes Toward and Experience With a Tablet Intervention to Promote Safety Behaviors for Pregnant Women Reporting Intimate Partner Violence: Qualitative Study
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Henriksen Lena , Flaathen Eva Marie , Klette Bøhler Tone , Lukasse Mirjam
Published: March 2020

Background

Violence against women is considered a global health problem, and intimate partner violence (IPV) around the time of childbirth can have severe consequences for mother and child. Prenatal care is considered a window of opportunity to address IPV and ask women about exposure to violence since women are in regular contact with health care providers. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions might overcome the barriers to talking about IPV face-to-face.

Objective

Our objective was to explore midwives’ attitudes toward a tablet intervention consisting of information about IPV and safety behaviors as well as their experiences with recruiting pregnant women of different ethnic backgrounds in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Methods

Individual interviews were conducted with 9 midwives who recruited participants for an RCT to test a video to promote safety behaviors delivered on a tablet during prenatal care. Analysis was guided by thematic analysis.

Results

Midwives perceived the tablet intervention as an appropriate supplement during prenatal care to provide information about IPV and promote safety behaviors. They participated in the RCT primarily to obtain more knowledge regarding how to communicate about IPV. The intervention was perceived as an anonymous door-opener to talk about IPV and a good solution to ensure that every woman gets the same information. However, the content of the intervention had to be trustworthy and align with the information the midwives provide to women. Given the sensitivity of IPV, midwives outlined the importance of following the intervention with face-to-face communication. Midwives reported technical problems and a high demand on their time as the main challenges to recruiting women. They experienced challenges recruiting women of different ethnic backgrounds due to linguistic barriers and the women’s skepticism about scientific research.

Conclusions

The tablet intervention might help midwives communicate about IPV. Although the video was considered as an anonymous door-opener to talk about IPV, midwives outlined the importance of following the intervention with face-to-face communication. The scarcity of midwives’ time during consultations has to be considered when implementing the intervention. Further research is needed to overcome barriers that limit inclusion of women from different ethnic backgrounds.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03397277; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03397277
Effect of a Health System–Sponsored Mobile App on Perinatal Health Behaviors: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cawley Caroline , Buckenmeyer Hannelore , Jellison Trina , Rinaldi Joseph B , Vartanian Keri B
Published: March 2020

Background

Pregnancy mobile apps are becoming increasingly popular, with parents-to-be seeking information related to their pregnancy and their baby through mobile technology. This increase raises the need for prenatal apps with evidence-based content that is personalized and reliable. Previous studies have looked at whether prenatal apps impact health and behavior outcomes among pregnant and postpartum individuals; however, research has been limited.

Objective

The primary objective of this study is to assess whether the use of a health system–sponsored mobile app—Circle by Providence—aimed at providing personalized and reliable health information on pregnancy, postpartum recovery, and infant care is associated with improved health outcomes and increased healthy behaviors and knowledge among users.

Methods

This observational study compared app users and app nonusers using a self-reported survey and electronic medical records. The study took place over 18 months and was conducted at Providence St. Joseph Health in Portland, Oregon. The sample included patients who received prenatal care at one of seven Providence clinics and had a live birth at a Providence hospital. Recruitment occurred on a rolling basis and only those who completed the survey were included. Survey respondents were separated into app users and app nonusers, and survey responses and clinical outcomes were compared across groups using univariate and adjusted multivariate logistic regression.

Results

A total of 567 participants were enrolled in the study—167 in the app user group and 400 in the nonuser group. We found statistically significant differences between the two groups for certain behavior outcomes: subjects who used the app had 75% greater odds of breastfeeding beyond 6 months postpartum (P=.012), were less likely to miss prenatal appointments (P=.046), and were 50% more likely to exercise 3 or more times a week during pregnancy (P=.04). There were no differences in nutritional measures, including whether they took prenatal vitamins, ate 5 fruits or vegetables a day, or drank caffeine. We found no differences in many of the infant care outcomes; however, there was an increase in awareness of “purple crying.” Finally, there were no significant differences in measured clinical health outcomes, including cesarean births, length of hospital stays (in minutes), low birth weight infants, preterm births, small-for-gestational-age births, large-for-gestational-age births, and neonatal intensive care unit stays.

Conclusions

The use of the Circle app, which provides access to personalized and evidence-based health information, was associated with an increase in certain healthy behaviors and health knowledge, although there was no impact on clinical health outcomes. More research is needed to determine the impact of mobile prenatal apps on healthy pregnancies, clinical health outcomes, and infant care.
Application of an Isolated Word Speech Recognition System in the Field of Mental Health Consultation: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Fu Weifeng
Published: March 2020

Background

Speech recognition is a technology that enables machines to understand human language.

Objective

In this study, speech recognition of isolated words from a small vocabulary was applied to the field of mental health counseling.

Methods

A software platform was used to establish a human-machine chat for psychological counselling. The software uses voice recognition technology to decode the user's voice information. The software system analyzes and processes the user's voice information according to many internal related databases, and then gives the user accurate feedback. For users who need psychological treatment, the system provides them with psychological education.

Results

The speech recognition system included features such as speech extraction, endpoint detection, feature value extraction, training data, and speech recognition.

Conclusions

The Hidden Markov Model was adopted, based on multithread programming under a VC2005 compilation environment, to realize the parallel operation of the algorithm and improve the efficiency of speech recognition. After the design was completed, simulation debugging was performed in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the designed program met the basic requirements of a speech recognition system.
Preparation for Quarantine on the Cruise Ship Diamond Princess in Japan due to COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Yamahata Yoshihiro , Shibata Ayako
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Japan implemented a large-scale quarantine on the Diamond Princess cruise ship in an attempt to control the spread of the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in February 2020.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to describe the medical activities initiated and difficulties in implementing quarantine on a cruise ship.

METHODS

Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed for all 3711 people (2666 passengers and 1045 crew) on board.

RESULTS

Of those tested, 696 (18.8%) tested positive for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), of which 410 (58.9%) were asymptomatic. We also confirmed that 54% of the asymptomatic patients with a positive RT-PCR result had lung opacities on chest computed tomography. There were many difficulties in implementing quarantine, such as creating a dividing traffic line between infectious and noninfectious passengers, finding hospitals and transportation providers willing to accept these patients, transporting individuals, language barriers, and supporting daily life. As of March 8, 2020, 31 patients (4.5% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) were hospitalized and required ventilator support or intensive care, and 7 patients (1.0% of patients with positive RT-PCR results) had died.

CONCLUSIONS

There were several difficulties in implementing large-scale quarantine and obtaining medical support on the cruise ship. In the future, we need to prepare for patients’ transfer and the admitting hospitals when disembarking the passengers. We recommend treating the crew the same way as the passengers to control the infection. We must also draw a plan for the future, to protect travelers and passengers from emerging infectious diseases on cruise ships.
Boron nitride for modification of rubber based on isoprene elastomer
Authors: Zhansakova K. S. , Eremin E. N. , Russkikh G. S. , Kropotin O. V.
Published: March 2020

The work studies vulcanization characteristics of elastomers based on isoprene rubber filled with carbon black N330 and boron nitride (BN). The influence of the boron nitride (BN) concentration on technological, dynamic, physical and mechanical properties of elastomers has been researched. The application of boron nitride for producing rubber with good properties has been considered. With a gradual increase of the inert filler BN concentration up to 35%, a decrease in the curing rate by 33% and polymer cross-link density by 26% is observed. Moreover, the start time of vulcanization increases by almost 300%, the optimal curing time by 200%.
Production of polymeric nanocomposites by nature-like method and study of their physical and chemical properties
Authors: Voeikova T. A. , Zhuravleva O. A. , Kuligin V. S. , Ivanov E. V. , Kozhukhova E. I. , Egorov A. S. , Chigorina E. A. , Bolotin B. M. , Debabov V. G.
Published: March 2020

At the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” – GOSNIIGENETIKA, NpCdS nanocrystals were obtained by microbial synthesis. They were stabilized with proteins, which composition is determined by the strain used for biosynthesis of nanoparticles. Biogenic nanoparticles were studied and described by size, shape, hydrodynamic diameter, ζ potential, luminescence level, and defined as quantum dots applying methods of electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and spectrofluorimetry. The influence of temperature, pressure and solvents on the stability of biogenic nanoparticles and the luminescence intensity was evaluated in collaboration with IREA (NRC “Kurchatov Institute”). The luminescence intensity of the aqueous suspension of NpCdS was determined depending on the range of nanoparticle concentrations. The possibility of introducing and identifying NpCdS in epoxy resin, polyimide, and polyvinyl alcohol was assessed. Polymer nanocomposites are used for optoelectronic, biomedical and agricultural applications.
Research of weldability of titanium pseudo-β-alloy VST 5553
Authors: Leonov V. P. , Mikhaylov V. I. , Sakharov I. Yu. , Kuznetsov S. V.
Published: March 2020

The welding properties of argon-arc and electron-beam welding of titanium pseudo-β-alloy of VST 5553 grade are investigated. It is shown that to increase the level of mechanical properties of welded joints, it is necessary to apply heat treatment after welding.
Protection of welded joints from oxidation at welding of titanium alloys
Authors: Leonov V. P. , Mikhaylov V. I.
Published: March 2020

This paper considers the protection of welded joints from oxidation during welding of marine hull structures from titanium alloys. The requirements for welding equipment and protective devices are defined. Technological measures are considered to ensure reliable protection of welded joints from ambient air and, accordingly, to ensure high quality welding.
Comparative analysis and verification of engineering methods of shallow cracks effect for fracture toughness prediction for reactor pressure vessels
Authors: Kostylev V. I. , Margolin B. Z.
Published: March 2020

The main features of shallow cracks fracture are considered, and a brief analysis of methods allowing to predict the temperature dependence of the fracture toughnessKJC (T) for specimens with shallow cracks is given. These methods include DA-method, (JQ)-method, (J-T)-method, “local methods” with its multiparameter probabilistic approach, GP method uses power approach, and also two engineering methods – RMSC (Russian Method for Shallow Crack) and EMSC (European Method for Shallow Crack). On the basis of 13 sets of experimental data for national and foreign steels, a detailed verification and comparative analysis of these two engineering methods were carried out on the materials of the VVER and PWR nuclear reactor vessels considering the effect of shallow cracks.
Calculation of temperature conditions of a plasma sputtering cell for decontamination of nuclear power plant constructions
Authors: Petrovskaya A. S. , Surov S. V. , Kladkov A. Yu. , Tsyganov A. B.
Published: March 2020

We are developing a technology for the “dry” deactivation of nuclear power plant constructions by ion sputtering of surfaces with micro-sized radioactive contaminants, our technology is implemented by plasma discharge in an inert gas medium with mass transfer of sputtered material and its deposition in diffusion mode on the anode substrate. Unlike traditional radiochemical methods, in our technology, radionuclides do not transfer into liquid radioactive waste, but condense in a compact solid form, which makes possible to use them. Весаuse our technology can be applied both during decommissioning nuclear power plants (including deactivation of neutron-irradiated nuclear graphite), and during routine operation and scheduled repairs of nuclear reactors, so it is possible to extract the necessary isotope concentrate in the required quantities, due to intense neutron flux in nuclear power plant. The design of plasma sputtering cell to remove radionuclides from the irradiated graphite and NPP construction surfaces involves ignition of a direct current plasma discharge in an inert gas (for example, argon) at the pressure of P ~ 0.1–1 atm and control of the temperature conditions of the sputtering material deposition. In this paper temperatures of the anode (tantalum collector) and the cathode (sputtered graphite) were calculated depending on the input power to the argon plasma discharge. Data on temperatures of cathode and anode (collector) surfaces make it possible to control the elemental composition of the sputtered atoms and to form nanoscale layers of radionuclide concentrate on collector for using in radiation medicine and new beta-voltaic batteries. Thus, the technology is important not only for the deactivation of nuclear power plants, but also for the formation of nanoscale layers of beta-active materials.
Structure and properties of nickel-based alloy EP718 in the process of manufacturing
Authors: Gyulikhandanov E. L. , Alekseeva E. L. , Shakhmatov A. V. , Loshachenko A. S. , Lapechenkov A. A.
Published: March 2020

The influence of the semi-finished products manufacturing process (forging, solution annealing and ageing) on the structure and corrosion properties of the EP718 nickel-based alloy (KhN45MVTYuBR) used in the oil and gas industry is investigated. The corrosion-electrochemical properties of the alloy were determined using gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. Microstructure was studied by optical and transmission electron microscopy. It is shown that the EP718 alloy in the delivery state (without heat treatment) has the highest corrosion resistance, and corrosion properties degrade during subsequent solution annealing at 1080°C.
On the antifouling nonbiocide coating with low surface energy. Preliminary results of testing under natural conditions
Authors: Nikolaev G. I. , Anisimov A. V. , MIkhailova M. A. , Uvarova E. A. , Sennikov A. S.
Published: March 2020

The study describes antifouling coatings with low surface energy designed to prevent marine biological fouling. The non-biocidal enamel has been synthesized from film-forming epoxy made on the basis of aromatically conjugated hydroxyphenylene and modified with pre-fluoropolyester fluids. The results of laboratory and field tests are presented; a pilot-industrial production of enamel is organized.
Stoichiometric composition of thin-film surface structures and its influence on the functional characteristics as regards gyroscopic devices
Authors: Tit M. A. , Belyaev S. N.
Published: March 2020

This article considers the research results of the effect of stoichiometry on the properties of titanium nitride thin-film coatings of the float and electrostatic gyroscopes. It presents the results of tests of such mechanical and optical characteristics of titanium nitride thin-film structures as microhardness, resistance to wear and friction, and image contrast determined by the reflection coefficients of a titanium nitride base surface and a raster pattern formed by local laser oxidation. When making a rotor of a cryogenic gyroscope, the prospects of use and technological methods for the formation of functional surface structures of niobium carbide and nitride are considered. It is shown that during the formation of coatings of the required composition, the most important is the thermodynamic estimation of possible interactions. These interactions allow us to accomplish the structural-phase modification of the material, which is determined by the complex of possible topochemical reactions leading to the formation of compounds, including non-stoichiometric composition.
Intermetallic compounds of the Ti–Al–Ni system suitable for hydrogen accumulation
Authors: Ulin I. V. , Farmakovsky B. V. , Gyulikhandanov E. L.
Published: March 2020

The paper studies how intermetallic compounds of the titanium-aluminum-niobium system could be used as a getter. It was found that with an increase in the niobium content in the alloy from 16 to 40 at.%, the volume of absorbed hydrogen increases from 0.47 to 2.2 wt.%. It is shown that the maximum amount of absorbed hydrogen is observed in alloys with a dendritic structure. Recommendations are given for future directions of research.
The Management and Administrative Practices Resulting in the Exit of Nurses from the Irish Healthcare System – a Review
Authors: Jilani Syed A
Published: March 2020

The exit of nurses from the Irish healthcare system is a growing concern especially coupled with the ageing population of Ireland. The article explores the many reasons nurses are leaving the country: mainly the disrespect by management, unfair compensation and the shortage of staff leading to professionals being overworked and eventually experiencing burnout. For many professionals, it has become an issue of their own physical and mental well-being. There are a few recommendations discussed to solve the issue of nurses, which includes a strong push to change perspectives of management and a change of policy by the government. These include retraining healthcare management, an emphasis on hiring and retaining nurses by increasing incentives and making the workload easier to carry.
Employees with Asperger’s Syndrome and their Experiences within the Work Environment
Authors: Julian Anna , Barron Ronda
Published: March 2020

This qualitative study gathered experiences of employees with Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) within their workplaces. Data were collected by conducting six semi-structured interviews: three face-to-face, one by phone and two by Skype with audio only. A thematic analysis with an inductive approach was applied. Four main themes with multiple sub-themes emerged: Competence and Work Performance; Self-improvement and Career Progression; Supportive Work Environment; and AS in the Workplace. Findings revealed that these employees were team-oriented, productive and highly skilled professionals with a strong work ethic. Furthermore, their diagnoses did not hinder fulfilling careers. They emphasised knowledge sharing and factual communication while cooperating with their work colleagues. However, decoding workplace politics presented a major hurdle to their job satisfaction. Also, the traditional hiring process, as well as bright fluorescent overhead lights and noisy surroundings (for example canteens, office spaces) were sources of distraction and distress. Therefore, the essential role of HR would be to re-visit and adjust the interview process. Whereas managers should, perhaps, reflect on their leadership and communication styles, show some recognition for their employees’ quality-consciousness and become advocates of a more inclusive culture. Finally, enabling career-progression and providing sufficient learning opportunities for these employees should also be prioritised by managers.
Work-Life Balance versus Work-Life Merge: a Comparative and Thematic Analysis of Workplace Well-Being
Authors: Sharkey Jennifer , Caska Barbara
Published: March 2020

The aim of this mixed-methods research study was to test the traditional concept of work-life balance, which suggests workers can experience better well-being by being able to psychologically switch on and off. Participants were 133 full-time workers, split into two groups according to where their job was performed strictly at their place of business, or from a combination of workplace and home. Each participant completed quantitative online surveys that measured their perceived stress, life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Results indicated participants who worked from a combination of the workplace and home had significantly greater job and life satisfaction levels than their workplace-based counterparts. However, no significant difference was found between the two groups on perceived stress. Participants also answered qualitative questions about how their job impacted their personal life, how their job might be changed to improve personal time, and what motivated them to work. A strong emergent theme centred around time. Many complained of long working hours, giving them very little time to spend with family, friends or on personal pursuits. For some, stress and worry about their jobs bled into their home life, culminating in moodiness and difficulty in psychologically switching off. Whilst others were happy with the balance between their working and private lives, many wished for fewer and more flexible working hours. Conclusions drawn suggest there is real merit in offering flexible constructs to today’s workers in order to harvest better psychological well-being in the workplace.
Psychometrics at Work: How to Ensure Test Results You Can Trust
Authors: Caska Barbara
Published: March 2020

Psychometric testing is considered as the intersection of the fields of psychology and business, with potential benefits to both employees and employers. Recommendations for maximising contributions of occupational testing are presented. These are evaluated across five phases of the assessment process. The first is choosing a test, bearing in mind both psychometric and practical qualities of measures. Next, ways to increase positive responses to testing are discussed. The process of administration is examined, with suggestions for improved accuracy. Recommendations for score interpretation are provided, taking measurement error into account. Finally, implications for communicating test results are drawn. It is explained that these facets of psychometric testing are key in ensuring accurate, meaningful and trustworthy workplace measurement.
Consumers’ Purchasing Decisions for Confectionery and Savoury Snack Food Items on and off Promotion
Authors: McPoland Aimee , Furey Sinéad , McLaughlin Christopher
Published: March 2020

Food retail outlets, by making food accessible, available and affordable, contribute significantly to consumers’ food choices, including snack food choices, and ultimately their longer-term health status. Therefore, the food retail environment may represent an opportune place to harness marketing power to implement anti-obesity measures. The study aimed to understand consumers’ purchasing decisions for confectionery and savoury snack food items both on and off promotion. Associated objectives sought to identify what influences consumers’ food buying decisions and understand if these differ by food product category or promotional status, particularly in respect of single versus multi-pack confectionery/savoury snack food items, to inform retail promotional strategies and anti-obesity policymaking. In order to gain an insight into consumers’ motivations, attitudes and behaviours, an ethically compliant, quantitative survey was designed which collected data from 302 respondents aged 18-75. Three-quarters (76%) of those surveyed believed promotions are more prevalent for less healthy foods compared to healthy foods. Promotions were found to have a significant impact on consumer behaviour, causing 64% to purchase greater volume of an item and 76.5% to purchase confectionery and savoury snacks more readily. Respondents made unintended purchases regularly with the highest incidence among those shopping four to six times per week, while 72% of all unintended purchases were attributed to promotional activity. Findings highlight the clear effect promotions have on consumers’ buying behaviour. The main enabler reported to encourage consumers to make healthier food choices was “if healthy food was cheaper”. Additionally, the findings also suggest that increasing the price of less healthy foods (such as confectionery and savoury snacks) could also impact positively on consumers’ purchasing behaviours. The research indicates the potential for future supermarket health promotion initiatives to encourage consumers to make healthier food choices which could play a vital role in improving public health and subsequently reduce obesity levels.