bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Малые предприятия и инновационная активность предприятий химической промышленности России
Authors: А.М. Хахладжиян
Published: November 2024

В работе проанализирован состав предприятий химической отрасли по их размеру в современных условиях. В химической индустрии крупный бизнес во многом определяет потенциал отрасли, но отмечено значительное место малых предприятий, наблюдается тенденция их увеличения, особенно в таком виде деятельности как производство резиновых и пластмассовых изделий. По классификации инновационной активности предприятий основные виды деятельности химической отрасли представлены в группе среднетехнологичных отраслей высокого и низкого уровня. Доля инновационно активных предприятий по производству химических веществ и химических продуктов меньше, чем в целом по предприятиям среднетехнологичных отраслей высокого уровня. Для реализации потенциала химической промышленности необходимо повышение эффективности использования сырьевой базы, техническое перевооружение и стимулирование инновационной активности предприятий.

The paper analyzes the composition of chemical enterprises in terms of their size in modern conditions. In the chemical industry, large business largely determines the potential of the industry, but a significant place of small enterprises has been noted, there is a tendency to increase them, especially in this type of activity as the production of rubber and plastic products. According to the classification of innovative activity of enterprises, the main types of activities of the chemical industry are represented in the group of medium-tech industries of high and low levels. The share of innovatively active enterprises for the production of chemicals and chemical products is less than in general for enterprises of high-level medium-tech industries. To realize the potential of the chemical industry, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of using the raw material base, technical re-equipment and stimulate the innovative activity of enterprises.
Современные тенденции развития полупроводниковой промышленности
Authors: Л.Е. Варшавский
Published: November 2024

В статье проводится краткий анализ состояния мирового рынка полупроводниковой продукции в последние годы. Рассматриваются причины возникшего на рынке дефицита продукции и особенности производственного цикла в отрасли. Дается описание основных характерных черт глобализации в производстве полупроводников. Рассматриваются перспективные сегменты рынка полупроводниковой продукции в ближайшей перспективе.

The article provides a brief analysis of the state of the world market for semiconductor products in recent years. The causes of the shortage of products on the market and the specifics of the production cycle in the industry are considered. A description of the main characteristic features of globalization in the production of semiconductors is given. Some perspective segments of the semiconductor market in the nearest future are considered.
Экономико-статистический анализ тенденций развития суперкомпьютеров
Authors: Л.Е. Варшавский
Published: November 2024

В статье проводится экономико-статистический анализ тенденций изменения параметров высокопроизводительных суперкомпьютеров. Исследуется влияние ввода наиболее мощных устройств на динамику показателей отдельных групп суперкомпьютеров из списка 500 наиболее производительных. Исследуются тенденции изменения энергоэффективности.

The article provides an economic and statistical analysis of trends in the parameters of high-performance supercomputers. The influence of the introduction of the most powerful devices on the dynamics of the performance of individual groups of supercomputers from the list of the Top500 is investigated. Trends in energy efficiency are being investigated.
Влияние распространения цифровых технологий на результаты учащихся по странам мира и регионам России
Authors: М.Г. Дубинина
Published: November 2024

В статье рассмотрено влияние распространения цифровых технологий в образовании на баллы, полученные учащимися разных стран по математической и естественно-научной грамотности в рамках международного мониторингового исследования качества школьного математического и естественно-научного образования (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, TIMSS 2019 г.). Кроме того, анализировалась зависимость среднего балла ЕГЭ по математике, русскому языку и информатике от оснащенности школ регионов России компьютерами за 2019 и 2020 гг.

The article considers the impact of the digital technologies diffusion in education on the scores obtained by students from different countries in mathematics and science literacy as part of the international monitoring study of the quality of school mathematics and science education (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, TIMSS 2019). In addition, the dependence of the average USE score in mathematics, Russian language and computer science on the equipment of schools in Russian regions with computers for 2019 and 2020 was analyzed.
Результативность модернизации российского школьного образования
Authors: И.А. Бобкова
Published: November 2024

В работе рассматриваются проблемы, связанные с модернизацией российской образовательной системы, начатой в 2000-х годах, анализируются результаты реформирования на примере изменения математической подготовки выпускников девятых классов.

The paper examines the problems associated with the modernization of the Russian educational system, which began in the 2000s, analyzes the results of the reform by the example of changes in the mathematical training of ninth grade students.
Динамика количества убыточных предприятий и инновационная активность в отраслях химической промышленности
Authors: А.М. Хахладжиян
Published: November 2024

В работе представлен анализ динамики количества убыточных предприятий в обрабатывающих производствах и в отраслях химической промышленности. Отмечается положительная динамика сокращения количества убыточных предприятий в химической промышленности, наибольшая их доля наблюдается в производстве прочей неметаллической минеральной продукции. С 2018 г. по сравнению с предыдущим периодом этот вид деятельности отличает существенно меньшее число убыточных предприятий, а уровень инновационной активности предприятий увеличился.

The paper presents an analysis of the dynamics of the number of unprofitable enterprises in manufacturing and chemical industries. There is a positive trend in reducing the number of unprofitable enterprises in the chemical industry, their largest share is observed in the production of other non-metallic mineral products. Since 2018, compared to the previous period, this type of activity has significantly fewer unprofitable enterprises, and the level of innovative activity of enterprises has increased.
Необходимость учета предложений ученых для ускорения технологического развития страны
Authors: А.Е. Варшавский
Published: November 2024

В статье на основе анализа ряда научных работ, опубликованных в течение большого периода времени, рассмотрены предложения ведущих российских ученых - представителей академической, отраслевой и вузовской науки, нацеленные на ускорение научно-технологического развития России. Показывается, что эти предложения в большинстве своем длительное время не учитывались, однако многие из них, даже сделанные два-три десятилетия тому назад, остаются актуальными и в настоящее время. Также рассмотрены некоторые тенденции и показатели экономического, технологического и социального развития, требующие особого внимания при реализации программы ускорения технологического развития страны.

Based on the analysis of a number of scientific works published over a long period of time, the article considers the proposals of leading Russian scientists - representatives of academic, industrial and university science, aimed at accelerating the scientific and technological development of Russia. It is shown that these proposals for the most part were not taken into account for a long time, however, many of them, even those made two or three decades ago, remain relevant at the present time. Some trends and indicators of economic, technological and social development, requiring special attention in the implementation of the program for accelerating the technological development of the country are also considered.
Moments of decolonisation in Indian women’s navigations of interpersonal conflict
Authors: Kokal Kalindi
Published: November 2024

In India decoloniality in law has been a movement of decolonising the state law. Stepping away from the perception of decolonialising as a legislative project, this paper argues for decoloniality of law to be explored as a thought process, that lies embedded with state-society relations in postcolonial India. Against the canvas of the vividly plural legal landscape, this contribution explores how individuals juxtapose legal institutions and legal orders in different permutations and combinations in pursuit of their ideas of justice and order, unravelling a decoloniality of thought and process that rests within the unique contexts of every conflict. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the city of Mumbai, women’s experiences with conflict remain at the centre of this paper to help explore the notion of decoloniality in law.
Role of Lower Eyelid Reconstruction in Complete Functional Rehabilitation
Authors: Zabunyan G. A. , Martirosyan A. A. , Baryshev A. G. , Porhanov V. A.
Published: November 2024

Objective: To present a case of reconstruction of a full-thickness lower eyelid defect.

Case report: Male patient Y. aged 71 years was admitted to the Scientific Research Institute – Ochapovsky Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 (Krasnodar, Russian Federation) with the diagnosis: cancer of skin of the lateral canthus of the left eye, T1N0M0, stage I, clinical group II. According to the medical history, the neoplasm was self-detected 5 years ago. Histology findings revealed micronodular basal cell carcinoma.

After a general clinical examination, the patient underwent surgery to remove the neoplasm of the lower eyelid skin and lateral canthus and reconstruct the defect using a lateral infraorbital fat pad flap, local tissues, and a free autologous cartilage graft. The configuration of the soft tissues of the eyelid was restored. Soft tissue edema was not observed. The functional state of the lacrimal apparatus was fully preserved. The esthetics of the soft tissue was rehabilitated.

Conclusions: Reconstruction in such esthetically significant area as the middle third of the face is associated with special requirements for graft formation and positioning. A gentle and functionally justified method for restoring the parameters of the tarsal plate, conjunctival sac, and lower eyelid skin ensures complete rehabilitation of patients and improves their quality of life.
Protective Potential of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Internal Medicine (Part 1)
Authors: Avagimyan A. A. , Sheibani M. , Trofimenko A. I. , Lysov E. E. , Khamidova F. M. , Aznauryan A. Z. , Sukiasyan L. M. , Sahakyan K. T. , Gevorgyan T. R. , Tatoyan M. R. , Mkrtchyan G. L. , Meltonyan G. L. , Petrosyan A. R. , Martemyanova L. A. , Petrosyan R. R. , Urazova O. I. , Pogosova N. V. , Sarrafzadegan N.
Published: November 2024

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have emerged as a revolutionary class of drugs with far-reaching protective effects in multiple organs. The protective potential of SGLT2i is much broader than that of the classical concept of glucose control and consists of an entire conglomerate of associated pleiotropic effects. This study aims to provide a descriptive review of the pleiotropic therapeutic potential of SGLT2i. The first part of the literature review examined the use of SGLT2i in cardiology and nephrology. The use of SGLT2i represents an innovative approach to improving patients’ quality of life and course of heart failure and chronic kidney disease, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction and type 2 diabetes.
Multimodal Approach (MRI and Ultrasonography) to the Diagnosis of Fetal Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Pomortsev A. V. , Karakhalis M. N. , Krivonosova N. V. , Goloseev K. F.
Published: November 2024

Introduction: As the rate of congenital heart diseases (CHD) remains high, medical imaging specialists face a task of early diagnosis of CHD with minimal cost and burden to pregnant women and fetuses and need to verify the prenatal diagnosis in order to develop a strategy for managing pregnant women carrying a fetus with CHD.

Objective: To optimize diagnostic measures in fetuses with CHD by comparing fetal echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated findings from 35 fetal standard ultrasonography reports, 29 echocardiography reports, and 35 fetal autopsy reports (termination for medical reasons). We assessed 18 cases of CHD diagnosed by ultrasonography findings on the second screening; in 34% of the cases patients also underwent MRI at that time and a repeated procedure 30 weeks later.

Results: When standard ultrasonography and an extended protocol with echocardiography were used together, diagnostic errors were 14.3%. In 85.7% of the fetuses, the findings of different imaging techniques fully coincided with the autopsy findings.

Conclusions: In this cohort of pregnant women, the second screening should include more examinations to verify the diagnosis of CHD. Based on the first screening findings (increased nuchal translucency thickness and ductus venosus pulsatility index) patients should be referred to an expert for the second screening. If necessary, to verify the diagnosis of CHD ultrasonography and MRI can be combined during the third screening (34-36 weeks) in order to plan postnatal management of the newborn. The proposed algorithm for fetal CHD diagnosis enables to minimize the likelihood of error and maintain continuity of care between obstetricians-gynecologists, ultrasonographers, radiologists, neonatologists, and cardiologists.
Illustration of the Distribution of DNA Sequences and Their Frequencies Within the MEP2 Gene Across Ten Candida Species
Authors: Dawood A. A.
Published: November 2024

Candida species have an impact on human skin health and occasionally can lead to catastrophic conditions, such as skin cancer. The nitrogen supply in growth media regulates MEP2 gene expression. MEP2 protein may regulate the amount of ammonium accessible to cells by directly affecting ammonium assimilation. Reducing MEP2 expression removed its potential to drive filamentous growth.

This study aimed to examine serial imaging of the MEP2 gene with chaos game representation (CGR) and frequency chaos game representation (FCGR). In addition, the effect of mutations in Candida albicans strains on MEP2 docking with lauramine oxide (LDAO) was investigated. The MEP2 gene was selected for 10 Candida species from the National Center for Biotechnology Information to compare DNA sequences using conventional and portray methods (CGR and FCGR). The molecular docking between MEP2 and LDAO was determined using the HDOCK server.

CGR findings revealed that Candida margitis, Candida orthopsilosis, Candida dubliniensis, Candida theae, and C albicans had approximately 65% of the same characteristics. According to FCGR, there was a 75% similarity between C albicans, C theae, C dubliniensis, C orthopsilosis, and C margitis. In certain strains, but not all a mutation in the conserved region of the protein caused a change in the docking residue of LDAO with MEP2.

The CGR and FCGR protocols are considered practical and reliable tools for identifying protein and DNA sequence similarities. Approximately 80% of the existing algorithms for determining multiple sequence alignments are similar to traditional methods. Targeted treatment will be possible as determining MEP2 mutations is crucial for using Candida as a nitrogen source.
Occupational Rehabilitation Following Surgery for Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis
Authors: Saenko S. S. , Giller D. B. , Shcherbakova G. V. , Kesaev O. Sh. , Koroev V. V. , Martel I. I. , Enilenis I. I. , Alborova Z. V. , Smerdin S. V. , Ergeshov A. E.
Published: November 2024

Objective: To assess the level of occupational rehabilitation among patients who underwent surgery for multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis in the long-term period compared with patients who refused surgery and opted solely for conservative management.

Material and methods: We analyzed long-term outcomes of surgical treatment for destructive pulmonary tuberculosis caused by MDR and XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 976 patients (group 1). Furthermore, we evaluated long-term outcomes of 888 patients (group 2) who had an ineffective main chemotherapy course (regimens IV and V) or relapses after an initially effective chemotherapy course and were managed conservatively because they refused surgery.

Results: One year after the surgery or surgery consultation, the complete clinical response, ie, cavity closure and elimination of bacilli (CV-, MBT-), was achieved in 99.5% of the operated patients, in contrast to only 5.3% among those who refused surgery. At the 5-year mark after the surgery/consultation, we observed the sustained effectiveness in 97.7% of the operated patients compared with only 3.2% among those who refused surgery. During the 12 years of follow-up, tuberculosis-related deaths occurred in 9 operated patients (0.8%) and 643 patients (72.4%) who refused surgery. Furthermore, 78.9% of the patients treated surgically were able to return to work in the long-term period, in contrast to only 2.6% of those who refused surgery.

Conclusions: Our analysis revealed that the complete clinical response one year after the surgery/surgery consultation was 18.8 times more common in the patients who underwent surgery compared with those who refused it. Similarly, the complete clinical response 5 years after the surgery/consultation was 30.5 times higher in the operated patients. Tuberculosis-related deaths during the follow-up were 90.5 times more common among the patients who refused surgery. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate among the operated patients was 3.3 times higher, and occupational rehabilitation was 30.3 times more common compared with those who refused surgery.
Modeling of Healing of Intra-Articular Fractures of Long Tubular Bones in Rats
Authors: Zinovkin D. A. , Nikolaev V. I. , Chueshova N. V. , Veyalkina N. N. , Ignatenko P. Yu. , Malyukov V. V. , Pranjol M. Z.I. , Zinovkina E. S.
Published: November 2024

Background: We present a new original method of modeling an intra-articular fracture of the long tubular bone in laboratory animals.

Objective: To create a new experimental model of an intra-articular fracture of the long tubular bone and to approve it for comprehensive evaluation of morphofunctional parameters of cartilage and bone healing.

Materials and methods: The experiment was performed on 30 white sexually mature Wistar rats. Modeling involved layer-by-layer dissection of tissues along the anteromedial surface and formation of an incomplete fracture of the femoral medial condyle using a sharp L-shaped working end of an 0.2 × 0.2 сm instrument perpendicular to the medial condyle with a slight single muscle force. The rats were euthanized in groups of 10 animals on days 7, 14, and 30. We performed knee radiography and determined blood osteocalcin and BMP-7 levels. The Mankin score was used in the histological evaluation of the articular cartilage changes. The groups were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: We noted statistically significant differences (P < .0001) when comparing the groups using the Mankin score. The post hoc test revealed statistically significant differences in the Mankin scores between days 7 and 14 (P = .014) and between days 7 and 30 (P < .0001). Group comparisons showed no statistically significant differences in blood osteocalcin levels (P = .518). However, there were statistically significant differences (P = .0028) between the groups in blood BMP-7 levels. The post hoc test revealed statistically significant differences in blood BMP-7 levels between days 7 and 14 (P = .048) and between days 14 and 30 (P = .0195).

Conclusions: The developed experimental model of intra-articular fractures of long tubular bones allows for a comprehensive assessment of reparative processes of cartilage and bone tissue. The model is close to the real mechanism of pathology development.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Decellularized Dental Pulp as a New Biomaterial for Regeneration of the Pulp-Dentin Complex
Authors: Melkonian K. I. , Rusinova T. V. , Zaporozhskaya-Abramova E. S. , Solop E. A. , Kartashevskiy I. I. , Knyshova S. A. , Risovannaya O. N.
Published: November 2024

Objective: To develop a detergent-enzymatic method and evaluate the quality of a decellularized pulp scaffold for regenerative endodontics.

Materials and methods: Biomaterial and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were derived from dental pulp that was obtained following third molar extraction indicated for orthodontic reasons in patients aged 14-18 years. The detergent-enzymatic method enabled to obtain a decellularized scaffold from pulp samples. The proliferative activity and viability of dental pulp-derived MSCs were assessed using trypan blue staining and XTT assay. To assess tissue response, Wistar rats underwent subcutaneous implantation of native and decellularized dental pulp. Explanted samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin on days 7 and 14.

Results: The detergent-enzymatic treatment of the dental pulp demonstrated the absence of nuclear material, whereas the histoarchitecture of the dental pulp was disturbed. The DNA content in the sample of the decellularized scaffold was 22.79 ± 2.1 ng/mg of tissue; the amount of DNA in the native sample was 78.5 ± 5.4 ng/mg of tissue. According to XTT assay results, no cytotoxicity of the decellularized scaffold against MSCs was found. Biopsy specimens of the rats with implanted decellularized dental pulp were characterized by no signs of inflammation.

Conclusions: The study results will enable to create a biomaterial that can be the base of a tissue-engineered structure of the dental pulp and be used for the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex.
Asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan gejala depresi terhadap kualitas hidup pada pasien gagal ginjal kronis dengan hemodialisis
Authors: Zuliawanty Eriska , Palupi Khairizka Citra , Wahyuni Yulia , Anjani Putri Ayu
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Kualitas hidup yang optimal merupakan hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penanganan penyakit gagal ginjal kronik untuk menurunkan progresivitas penyakit. Asupan zat gizi, status gizi dan gejala depresi memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien ginjal kronis (PGK) dengan hemodialisis. Masih terbatas penelitian di Indonesia terkait peran gizi terhadap kualitas hidup pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi makro, status gizi, dan gejala depresi terhadap kualitas hidup pada pasien PGK dengan hemodialisis di RSUD Kota Bekasi. Metode: Jenis penelitian cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 56 responden yaitu pasien rawat jalan gagal ginjal kronik dengan hemodialisis. Data asupan diukur menggunakan recall 2x24 jam. Data gejala depresi diukur menggunakan kuesioner Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II). Data kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan kuesioner Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF). Status gizi diukur menggunakan timbangan injak digital untuk berat badan dan self report tinggi badan dari data rekam medis. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji deskriptif dan uji Spearman Rank atau Pearson Product Moment sesuai normalitas data. Hasil: Rata-rata responden berusia >45 tahun. Terdapat hubungan antara asupan energi dan karbohidrat dengan kualitas hidup (p=0,023 dan p=0,008). Sementara itu, tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan lemak, protein dan status gizi dengan kualitas hidup (p≥0,05). Terdapat hubungan antara gejala depresi terhadap kualitas hidup (p=0,001). Kesimpulan: Asupan energi, asupan karbohidrat, dan gejala depresi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup. Sementara asupan protein dan lemak serta status gizi tidak berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup.
Hubungan pengetahuan, perilaku, dukungan lingkungan, dan akses dengan kepatuhan konsumsi tablet tambah darah pascapandemi
Authors: Mukaromah Fitri Laila , Sitoayu Laras , Melani Vitria , Nadiyah Nadiyah , Nuzrina Rachmanida
Published: November 2024

Latar Belakang: Anemia merupakan keadaan tubuh saat mengalami kekurangan sel darah merah dan memiliki kadar hemoglobin lebih rendah dibandingkan kadar normalnya. Prevalensi anemia pada remaja putri tahun 2018 sebesar 32%. Anemia dapat dipengaruhi oleh adanya pengetahuan, perilaku, dukungan, dan akses yang selama masa pandemi tidak didapatkan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan, perilaku, dukungan, dan akses dengan kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah bagi remaja putri di SMAN 78 Jakarta pascapandemi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional dengan populasi remaja putri kelas XI dan XII di SMAN 78 Jakarta. Total responden pada penelitian ini yaitu 92 siswi dari jurusan IPA, IPS, dan Bahasa yang dikumpulkan menggunakan teknik proportionate stratified random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dmenggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan (p=0,018; OR=3,545), perilaku dengan kepatuhan (p=0,0001; OR=21,667), dukungan dengan kepatuhan (p=0,013; OR=3,730), akses dengan kepatuhan (p=0,005; OR=5,229). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan, perilaku, dukungan, dan akses dengan kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah. Guru dan petugas kesehatan disarankan untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai anemia dan tablet tambah darah yang dimulai dari pengenalan komposisi tablet tambah darah dan anjuran dosis yang disarankan untuk mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah.
A PREFERENCE RANKING STUDY OF THE SOCIAL MEDIA APPS USED BY FEMALE PATIENTS UNDERGOING INFERTILITY TREATMENT
Authors: Lobo Deepika , Joshi Meenakshi , Sharma Jyotika , Lobo Joanne , Roy Parijat
Published: November 2024

Failure to achieve a pregnancy after 12 months or more of
regular unprotected sexual intercourse is dened as infertility.
Infertility has an impact on millions of affected families and
1
communities . Estimates suggest that approximately one in
every six people of reproductive age worldwide experience
2
infertility in their lifetime . The most prevalent causes of
infertility in the male reproductive system include aberrant
sperm shape and motility, low or absent sperm counts, and
3
issues with semen ejection. . In the female reproductive
system, infertility may be caused by a range of abnormalities
of the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, and the endocrine
4
system, among others . Infertility can be primary or secondary.
A person is considered to be primarily infertile if they have
never been pregnant, and secondarily infertile if they have at
least one previous pregnancy. The prevention, diagnosis, and
5
treatment of infertility are all included in fertility care . Most
nations still struggle to provide all women with equal access to
reproductive care, especially those with low and middle
incomes. Seldom does national universal health coverage
6
prioritise fertility care. . Research studies show that women's
health apps do not appropriately address the needs of
patients struggling with infertility and are of low quality with
7
signicant inaccuracies in content (Zwingerman et al., 2020) .
Hence fertility counsellors providing support need to design
the content efciently such that the app preferred by the
patient can give optimal knowledge and emotional support
,thereby supplementing the course of the treatment.
Development of such patient support tools should be a priority
and the connect between the fertility counsellor and the
patient should be enhanced through the use of the right app.
OUTCOME OF ASYMPTOMATIC BACTERIURIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN IN LATE PREGNANCY : A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: P Juveria , C Jameela , J Pal Sharan , Vidyashankar Chandana
Published: November 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common
bacterial infections during pregnancy,The urinary tract is
the second most common site of microbial infections,
especially in females, after the respiratory tract
STUDY OF ETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME IN ACUTE FEBRILE ILLNESS PATIENTS WITH ORGAN DYSFUNCTION IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN MANDYA
Authors: D Nayak Manjunath , Rajashekar Rajashekar , Suresh Suresh
Published: November 2024

Acute febrile illness (AFI) is a prevalent cause of hospitalization,often leading to severe complications,including multiorgan dysfunction syndrome (MODS),particularly in developing nations like India.This observational study investigates
the etiology and outcomes of AFI with organ dysfunction in a cohort of 40 patients admitted to the Mandya Institute of
Medical Sciences between May and June 2023.Inclusion criteria comprised patients over 18 years with fever lasting less
than seven days and at least one organ dysfunction. A comprehensive assessment was conducted, documenting
demographic data,clinical symptoms,and diagnostic test results.Findings revealed that the majority of patients (52.5%)
were male,with a significant incidence of renal (40%) and hepatic dysfunction (32.5%).MODS was identified in 57.5% of
the patients,with bacterial infections confirmed in 30% and viral in 10%.Notably,60% of cases remained undiagnosed
despite extensive investigations.The mortality rate was 15%,predominantly among patients aged 49-58 years and those
presenting with altered sensorium, highlighting a concerning correlation between comorbidities like diabetes, poor
Glasgow Coma Scale scores, and mortality. The study underscores the critical challenge posed by undiagnosed AFI,
which is associated with higher mortality compared to cases with identifiable causes. The findings advocate for the
development of standardized diagnostic protocols and cost-effective serological markers to improve early diagnosis
and management of AFI. Further research on geographic trends and causative agents is essential for formulating
effective interventions to reduce mortality associated with this condition.
EMPOWERING KHARIA TRIBES: EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF NEP 2020
Authors: Nayak Tapas , Nayak Madhumangal , Khatun Anjuyara
Published: November 2024

The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 represents a pivotal reform in India's educational landscape, with a focus on
inclusivity and accessibility for marginalized communities, including the Kharia tribe. This research explores the
policy's impact on the empowerment of the Kharia tribe by examining enhancements in educational opportunities and
the preservation of cultural heritage.Employing a qualitative survey approach,the study reveals positive developments
such as increased literacy rates and higher education participation within the tribe.However,challenges persist,notably
in the areas of resource allocation, language barriers, and the need for culturally sensitive curricula. The study
concludes by recommending further longitudinal research to evaluate the long-term effects of NEP 2020 and proposes
strategies to improve the policy's implementation.The findings offer valuable insights into educational reforms aimed at
empowering indigenous communities and provide a framework for inclusive education that can be applied in similar
contexts globally.
Self-replicating recombinant virus-like particles of lentivirus proliferating in glioblastoma cells and normal human macrophages
Authors: Moshkoff Herman D. , Moshkoff Andrey E. , Moshkoff Dmitry A.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Both attenuated and inactivated vaccines are used in disease control. Inactivated vaccines are very diverse and include whole cell and acellular vaccines containing protein target antigens or nucleic acids encoding target antigens. Immunity induced by inactivated vaccines is not believed to be long-lasting. It is very problematic to develop a vaccine against viruses that integrate into the genome of the host cell, as well as against persistent viruses that penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), which is typical for the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1).
Aim of the study: to evaluate the possibility of forming HIV-1 recombinant virus-like particles (recVLPs) and HIV-1B recombinant VLPs and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) — SHIV89.6P based on self-replicating RNAs (srRNAs) producing target lentivirus antigens on the alphavirus replicon platform (Sindbis virus or Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV)), and also to evaluate the ability of HIV-1B and SHIV89.6P VLPs to infect glioblastoma cells and normal human macrophages.
Materials and methods. BHK-21 cells were transfected with the srRNA mixture by electroporation. Recombinant virus-like particles (recVLP’s) in recVLP’s-infected cells were detected using the immunofluorescence assay (ELISA) and electron microscopy. recVLP’s were used to infect glioblastoma cells and normal macrophages from a healthy donor.
Results. Based on the genomic RNA of the alphavirus, the plasmids were created, transcription from which makes it possible to obtain RNA that expresses lentiviral gene products in cells in quantities sufficient for the formation of mature VLPs. In BHK-21 cells infected with recVLP’s, virus-specific antigens are detected only in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus. Both glioblastoma cells (U87) and normal human macrophages containing CD4 receptor and SSR5 and CXR4 co-receptors give infectious progeny of HIV-1B and SHIV89.6P recVLP’s when infected with supernatant obtained after transfection of BHK-21 cells with srRNA.
Discussion. The results obtained show the possibility of expressing lentivirus structural proteins in glioblastoma cells (U87) and in normal human macrophages and can be used in the future to study the presentation of antigens in native and functional conformations in appropriate model systems to study the possibility of suppressing HIV infection in viral reservoirs in the CNS.
The pilot study of the features of HIV-1 resistant variants spread using molecular clusters
Authors: Kirichenko Alina A. , Kireev Dmitry E. , Sidorina Yulia N. , Abashina Natalia D. , Brusentseva Elena E. , Akimkin Vasily G.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. As a result of routine testing of HIV-1 drug resistance (DR), a significant amount of viral nucleotide sequences and epidemiological data of HIV-infected individuals have been collected. Combined with the increasing use of bioinformatics methods in practice, it has become possible to study the features of HIV-1 resistant variants spread using molecular clustering analysis.
The aim of the study was to validate the molecular clustering analysis in a pilot region of Russia using a significant number of nucleotide sequences to study the features of the spread of HIV-1 resistant variants.
Materials and methods. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences were obtained from 899 HIV-infected patients who were registered at the Oryol AIDS Center in 2016–2021. HIV-1 genetic variants were determined using the Stanford University database, REGA and HIV BLAST. Resistance mutations and prognostic HIV-1 DR were determined using the Stanford University database. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using the MEGA program. HIV-1 molecular clusters were identified using Cluster Picker software.
Results. In the pilot region, sub-subtype A6 dominated (85.7%); an increase in the share of CRF63_02A6 was noted. HIV-1 resistance was found in 13.6% of patients without antiretroviral therapy (ART) experience and in 52.0% with ART experience. Molecular clusters were more often formed by HIV-1 nucleotide sequences from ART-naïve patients. HIV-1 DR variants were less likely to fall into molecular clusters. The sources of transmitted mutations were more often patients with ART experience. The most actively and efficiently transmitted mutations were K103N, V179E/T, Y181C and G190S, associated with virus resistance to efavirenz and nevirapine.
Circulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the Beijing Central Asian Outbreak genotype in the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass in 2018–2022
Authors: Zhdanova Svetlana N. , Vyazovaya Anna A. , Lebedeva Irina B. , Sinkov Vyacheslav V. , Kondratov Ilya G. , Schwartz Yakov Sh. , Rychkova Lyubov V. , Brusina Elena B. , Mokrousov Igor V. , Ogarkov Oleg B.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. The Kemerovo region — Kuzbass is characterized by a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB), including coinfection with HIV (HIV/TB). A previously unknown in Russia relationship between MDR and the Beijing Central Asian Outbreak (CAO) subtype has been discovered, which updates studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis taking into account this resistant variant.
Objective: to study the molecular genetic structure of the M. tuberculosis population, to assess the prevalence and possible routes of emergence of Beijing CAO strains in the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass.
Materials and methods. A total of 325 M. tuberculosis strains were studied in 2018–2022 using spoligotyping, MIRU-VNTR 24 and SNP typing. Whole genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed for seven Beijing CAO strains.
Results. Primary MDR and pre-extensive drug resistance (pre-XDR) were detected in 39.4% and 11.5% of strains, respectively. In the total sample, MDR was 43.4%, pre-XDR — 19.7%. In the structure of the M. tuberculosis population, the Beijing genotype prevailed (78.8%), with its subtypes Central Asian Russian (40.9%) and B0/W148 (32.6%). The Euro-American lineage (27.3%) was represented by the genotypes T (6.5%), LAM (5.8%), Ural (4.9%), H (0.9%); one strain CAS1-Delhi was detected, the genotype of 2.8% of strains was not identified. The proportion of Beijing CAO was 12.6% of the total sample; this subtype was significantly more often detected among HIV/TB (20.6%) than in HIV-negative TB patients (9.1%; p = 0.005). The results of the Beijing CAO genome analysis from the Kemerovo region indicate the absence of a direct chain of transmission between these TB cases. A hypothesis has been put forward about the introduction of Beijing CAO to the Kemerovo region from Central Asia and its endemic circulation in the region.
Conclusion. A high level of MDR and pre-XDR was detected in Beijing genotype strains in the M. tuberculosis population of the Kemerovo region — Kuzbass, especially the B0/W148 (97.2%) and CAO (87.5%) subtypes. Beijing CAO strains, detected mainly in newly diagnosed HIV/TB patients, require further monitoring and control of their spreading.
Enhancement of systemic and lung-localized CD4+ T-cell immune responses by truncation of NS1 protein of a seasonal live influenza vaccine strain
Authors: Prokopenko Polina I. , Stepanova Ekaterina A. , Matyushenko Victoria A. , Rak Alexandra Ya. , Chistyakova Anna K. , Kostromitina Arina D. , Kotomina Tatyana S. , Kudryavtsev Igor V. , Rubinstein Artem A. , Komlev Alexey S. , Rudenko Larisa G. , Isakova-Sivak Irina N.
Published: November 2024

Introduction. There is a large variety of licensed influenza vaccines worldwide, but their common limitation is rather narrow specificity and inability to protect against antigenic-drift variants of influenza virus. Therefore, optimization of immunogenic and cross-protective properties of licensed influenza vaccines is an urgent priority of public health agenda. One such approach is to modulate the immunogenic properties of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) by truncating the open reading frame of influenza virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1). The main objective of this study is to evaluate the immunogenic properties of the H1N1 seasonal LAIV strain by truncation of the NS1 protein to 126 amino acides.
Materials and methods. Using reverse genetics technique, two H1N1 LAIV strains with full-length and truncated NS1 protein with three consecutive stop codons added after the 126th amino acid residue were obtained.C57BL/6J mice were immunized intranasally with the vaccine candidates, twice at a three-week interval. Seven days after the second immunization, cells were isolated from spleen and lung tissues and stimulated with whole wild-type H1N1 influenza virus. Levels of systemic and tissue-resident cytokine-producing CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells were assessed by intracellular cytokine staining assay with flow cytometry. Replication of engineered vaccine strains in in vitro and in vivo systems was also evaluated.
Results. Truncation of NS1 protein of the LAIV strain significantly increased the levels of virus-specific CD4+ effector memory T cells in spleens and the levels of CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells in lungs of mice after two-dose immunization, indicating a higher potential for protection against influenza infection of the LAIV NS126 vaccine strain compared to the classical variant of LAIV. Importantly, the LAIV NS126 strain also had a more pronounced attenuated phenotype in mice than its classical counterpart.
Anaemia and Thrombocytopenia in Malaria Positive Cases- A Comparative Studies in a Referral Laboratory
Authors: Saha Dr. Subhasish , Rakshit Dr. Dipanjan
Published: November 2024

Malaria is one of the major health problems in worldwide particularly Southeast Asia, with significant number of morbidity and mortality. There are significant changes happen in haematological parameters of a malaria positive cases, out of which anaemia and thrombocytopenia are two quite common parameters associated with malaria positive cases. This study performed in one of the referral laboratories of Kolkata between June 2023- September 2024, within this time span 104 positive malaria cases have been reported. Complete blood count has been performed in five parts fully automated Sysmex instrument. The diagnosis of malaria is confirmed by thick and thin blood films stained by Leishman stain and by antigenic strip tests. Out of 104 cases 87 (83.65%) cases were positive with plasmodium vivax infection, 15(14.42%) cases were positive with plasmodium falciparum infection and 02 (1.92%) cases were showing mixed infection. Among the haematological parameters 77 cases (74.03) cases were showing mild to moderate degree of anaemia and 94 cases (90.38%) showing thrombocytopenia.
Analysis of Surgical Complications and Functional Recovery Following Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction with Quadriceps Tendon
Authors: Hossain Dr. Md. Saklayen , Chowdhury Dr. Abu Zafor , Mahmud Dr. Chowdhury Iqbal , Hossain Dr. Silvia , Alam Dr. Md. Shamsul
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most important intra-articular ligaments of the knee joint. It is considered the primary restraint to anterior translation of the tibia on the femur. Nowadays the use of quadriceps tendon (QT) autograft has been steadily increasing for ACL reconstruction. Therefore, this study has been designed to assess the functional recovery and analyze the surgical complications following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with quadriceps tendon. Methods: This was a prospective interventional study conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from March 2020 to August 2022. In our study, we included 30 patients with anterior cruciate ligament injuries who attended the orthopaedic department within the study period. Result: The mean ± SD age was 29.73 ± 7.00 years, with the majority (50%) in the 26-35 age group. This study found that 27 (90%) patients were male and 3 (10%) were female. Both Lysholm score and Tegner activity level score significantly increased after 9 months of operation. The postoperative mean VAS score was also significantly (p=0.001) decreased at 9 months after surgery. The majority (80%) of the patients had no complaints, while 16.7% had effusion and 3.3% had an infection. Conclusion: Our study found that the majority of the patients had no complications. After analyzing the results of the present study, we can say that arthroscopic isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with quadriceps tendon showed satisfactory functional outcomes for the treatment of ACL injury.
Vasculites do Sistema Nervoso Central: Etiologia, Diagnóstico e Tratamento
Authors: Tomaz Borges Gustavo , Waldemarin Colucci Maria Eduarda , Cavalcante Zenni Maria Fernanda , Medeiro Birtche Júlia Vitória , Rihs Grateki Samuel , Da Cunha Sales Semíramis
Published: November 2024

Introdução: As vasculites do sistema nervoso central (SNC) representam um conjunto heterogêneo de patologias inflamatórias vasculares cerebrais, responsáveis por isquemia, infartos e hemorragias com amplas manifestações neurológicas. Objetivo: Este estudo busca sintetizar as evidências mais recentes sobre etiologia, diagnóstico e modalidades terapêuticas das vasculites do SNC. Metodologia: Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática e qualitativa em bases de dados como PubMed, MedlinePlus e SciELO, focalizando publicações dos últimos quinze anos. Foram aplicados descritores específicos junto a operadores booleanos para refinar a busca. Os critérios de inclusão visaram artigos e estudos que tratassem diretamente dos aspectos etiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos das vasculites do SNC, excluindo-se publicações fora desse escopo ou que não apresentassem integridade textual. Resultados e Discussão: As vasculites do SNC podem ser categorizadas como primárias, restritas ao sistema nervoso, ou secundárias, associadas a patologias sistêmicas. Fatores genéticos e ambientais interagem na patogênese dessas desordens. O diagnóstico desafia os clínicos devido à diversidade sintomática e sobreposição com outras entidades neurológicas, exigindo uma combinação de métodos diagnósticos, incluindo análises laboratoriais, neuroimagem avançada e histopatologia via biópsia cerebral. A gestão clínica inclui imunossupressão, primariamente com corticosteroides e ciclofosfamida, além de terapias biológicas emergentes para casos refratários. Considerações Finais: O reconhecimento precoce das vasculites do SNC é crucial, porém complexo, necessitando de um aprimoramento diagnóstico e terapêutico contínuo. A investigação futura deve concentrar-se na validação de biomarcadores diagnósticos e terapêuticas inovadoras, para melhorar os resultados clínicos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.