bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of within-trip subjective experiences on travel satisfaction and travel mode choice: A conceptual framework
Authors: Lim Tommy , Thompson Jason , Pearson Lauren , Odgers Joanne Caldwell , Beck Ben
Published: February 2024

Modest shifts from car use to active travel can result in substantial health, emissions, and economic improvements that result in cleaner, greener, and healthier cities. To achieve modal shift towards active travel, the transport field has long considered how psychosocial factors outlined by theories such as the theory of planned behaviour underpin travel mode choice. Recent work has proposed a cyclical process where travel satisfaction – affective and cognitive evaluations of travel - affect attitudes and intentions to use a mode, which in turn determines mode choice. This paper extends this work to explore the effect of within-trip subjective experiences – emotional and cognitive responses to events, incidents, and situations encountered during a trip – on travel satisfaction and travel attitudes. Specifically, the appraisal of stimuli experienced during a trip produces affective and cognitive experiences that shape trip satisfaction, a component of travel satisfaction, which then affect attitudes and intentions to use a specific mode. Furthermore, within-trip subjective experiences to stimuli may evoke beliefs that directly form mode-related attitudes. The consideration of within-trip experiences highlights the individuality of peoples’ responses to stimuli. Understanding and addressing this individuality and the unique needs of all potential user groups may assist in achieving mass modal shift towards cycling and active travel.
Five Years of Illegitimacy of Surveillance Advertising
Authors: Zard Lex
Published: February 2024

Surveillance advertising is one of the central business models in the digital markets, responsible for the emergence of digital platform providers, such as Alphabet and Meta, into technology giants. As it involves processing large amounts of personal data, it comes in direct tension with the right to personal data protection in the European Union. The surveillance advertising business model was one of the challenges that triggered data protection reform, resulting in the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). Within the first five years of the GDPR, a large part of the surveillance advertising industry proved illegitimate. For example, litigation of Meta’s surveillance advertising has found that in 2018-2023, the company engaged in surveillance advertising without appropriate legal basis under the GDPR. The same goes for surveillance advertising conducted in the open market, often called AdTech. In order to respond to the developing case law of the GDPR, the industry has now moved to a ‘Surveillance-or-Pay’ business model. This chapter finds such a model illegitimate in many cases, particularly for gatekeepers such as Meta. This conclusion also calls for urgent enforcement from the national data protection authorities and the European Data Protection Board to ensure the surveillance advertising industry does not continue illegitimately over the next five years of the GDPR.
A Dry Pipeline: CMO Teacher Hiring in an Uncertain Teacher Labor Market
Authors: McCluskey Matthew S.
Published: February 2024

The research on teacher hiring at Charter Management Organizations (CMOs) offers a relatively singular story: thousands of applicants funneled through a rigorous network-aligned and information-rich realistic job preview to find a culture-fit for the school’s distinctive approach. Yet, the bulk of this research was conducted almost a decade ago, prior to the COVID-19 “Great Resignation” and prior to growing criticism of no-excuses CMOs. Using interviews and focus groups, this qualitative multi-site case study examines a CMO’s hiring preferences and practices in this new context through the lenses of uncertainty reduction theory (URT) and realistic job preview (RJP). Findings reveal that the CMO’s principals are unable to be as selective as they have been historically and are less able to reduce uncertainty because of fewer candidates in the teacher labor market (TLM), both of which contrast the extant literature. Further, to reduce uncertainty amid these TLM shortages, principals have expanded hiring preferences beyond their historical patterns into the traditional TLM and engaged “upselling” tactics in job previews to meet hiring needs. These shifts in hiring may point to important changes in how CMOs recruit teachers, operate their schools, and respond to changes in the educational landscape.
Resource Utilisation Elasticity Model
Authors: Marchenko Eliazar
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces the Resource Utilization Elasticity (RUE) theory, which improves the current sustainability decision-making process and allows decision-makers to use the minimum necessary data to arrive at the current level of long-run economic equilibrium through analysis of the economy's resource utilisation elasticity. This model reflects a general relationship between resource utilisation elasticity and the level of long-run equilibrium, allowing for a more effective decision-making process. This paper explains the relationship between resource utilisation elasticity and long-term economic output in a non-linear manner, exploring a more realistic logistic approach. This model reflects the dynamism of resource utilization in the economy and how it impacts long-term economic growth. Through this approach, the model poses an alternative lens to view policy interventions and resource utilisation, allowing for a more informed and effective decision-making process, leading to both better sustainability and long-run economic growth.
Turnover Contagion: Trust and the Compounding Impact of Turnover on Teachers
Authors: McCluskey Matthew S.
Published: February 2024

Teacher turnover is high in US public schools, and it is growing. Such turnover has academic and financial costs, but little is known about the impact on teachers themselves. How do teachers experience turnover? Using interviews of departed teachers and focus groups of new and veteran teachers, this qualitative multi-site case study examines how teachers at a so-called “no-excuses” Charter Management Organization (CMO) experience and respond to high turnover. Findings reveal that teachers experience considerable strain as a result of high levels of turnover due to increased demand on their expertise and diminished trust. This turnover, in turn, begets turnover.
Integrating digital traces into mixed methods designs. An application to the study of online music listening using survey, interview and streaming history data collected from the same individuals
Authors: Renisio Yann , Beaumont Amélie , Beuscart Jean-Samuel , Coavoux Samuel , Coulangeon Philippe , Cura Robin , Le Bigot Brenda , Moussallam Manuel , Roth Camille , Louail Thomas
Published: February 2024

We present a mixed methods research design that integrates individual-level traces of online content consumption with survey and interview data, all collected from the same sample of tens of thousands of people. We explain how the pairwise combination of these information sources solves methodological puzzles often encountered when measuring cultural practices and preferences. We provide a concrete illustration for the case of music listening on streaming platforms, and show that survey respondents and solicited users do not stream the same music. We illustrate how the mixed data collected make it feasible to infer the social properties of non-respondents, and hence to assess bias in studies based exclusively on self-reported survey data. We provide empirical evidence that unlimited access to all kinds of recorded music on platforms does not blur the social boundaries between repertoires across respondents, and we show that artists have distinct audiences whose differences are both related to generation, gender, and educational attainment. Finally, we describe how we used digital traces in individual interviews to foster spontaneous expressions of aesthetic judgments, which are known to be challenging to collect. We conclude by discussing the current limitations of the design, the potential applications of these results in the field of cultural sociology, and the feasibility of adopting similar experimental designs to investigate other social phenomena.
Investigation of women's plight in Madhu Kankariya's novel 'Sej Per Sanskrit'
Authors: Jangid Preeti , Gupta Ashok Kumar
Published: February 2024

Women have such a close relationship with literature, art and philosophy that it is not possible to imagine civilization in its absence. In the Puranas and Sanskrit epics, women have been portrayed in a very dignified manner. In ancient Indian texts, woman has got a very proud place and she has been given the status of a goddess. Later, with the change in circumstances, the society's attitude towards women also changed. While in the Vedic era, women had a very honorable place, after that the dignity of women continued to be devalued. The woman who was a goddess now became a human being. Gradually the male-dominated society started forgetting its ancient ideals. Now woman has become a mere victim for man. The man continued to enjoy his freedom and the woman remained confined to the confines of taboos.

Abstract in Hindi Language: साहित्य, कला और दर्शन से स्त्री का इतना घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहा है कि उसके अभाव में सभ्यता की कल्पना संभव नहीं है। पुराणों और संस्कृत महाकाव्यों में स्त्री अत्यन्त गरिमामयी रुप में चित्रित हुई है। प्राचीन भारतीय ग्रन्थों में स्त्री को अत्यन्त गौरवपूर्ण स्थान प्राप्त हुआ है तथा उसे देवी के समान स्थान दिया गया है। आगे चलकर परिस्थितियों में परिवर्तन के साथ स्त्री के प्रति समाज के दृष्टिकोण में भी परिवर्तन आता गया। जहाँ वैदिक युग में स्त्री को अत्यन्त गौरवपूर्ण स्थान मिला था, वहीं उसके बाद स्त्री के गौरव का निरन्तर अवमूल्यन होता रहा। जो स्त्री देवी थी अब वह मानवी बनकर रह गई। धीरे-धीरे पुरुष-प्रधान समाज अपने प्राचीन आदर्शों को भूलने लगा। अब पुरुष के लिए स्त्री मात्र भोग्या रह गई। पुरुष अपनी स्वच्छन्दता का उपभोग करता रहा तथा स्त्री वर्जनाओं की परिधि में क़ैद रही।

Keywords: अस्मिता, पितृसत्तात्मक समाज, उदारीकरण, सांस्कृतिकि बोध, नियन्ता, आर्थिक नियति।
Nature of Caste System in Indian Society
Authors: Bohra Alka
Published: February 2024

Undoubtedly caste system is a social evil. It is an irony that even after more than seven decades have passed since the country gained independence, we have not been able to free ourselves from the clutches of the caste system. However, being a democratic country, Article 15 of the Constitution states that the state should not discriminate against citizens in any sphere of life on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth. But the paradox is that caste is given prominence during the process of application or selection for a government position. The caste system not only increases the animosity among us but it also creates a rift in our unity. The caste system sows the seeds of high-low, superiority-inferiority in the mind of every human being since childhood. Being a member of a particular caste, some people get benefits and some people have to suffer losses. Caste works against the concept of dignity of labor and has been the root cause of our political slavery.

Abstract in Hindi Language: 

निःसंदेह जाति प्रथा एक सामाजिक कुरीति हैं। ये विडंबना ही हैं कि देश को आजाद हुए सात दशक से भी अधिक समय बीत जाने के बाद भी हम जाति प्रथा के चंगुल से मुक्त नहीं हो पाएं हैं। हालांकि एक लोकतांत्रिक देश के नाते संविधान के अनुच्छेद 15 में राज्य के द्वारा धर्म, मूलवंश, जाति, लिंग, जन्म स्थान के आधार पर नागरिकों के प्रति जीवन के किसी क्षेत्र में भेदभाव नहीं किए जाने की बात कही गई है। लेकिन विरोधाभास है कि सरकारी औहादे के लिए आवेदन या चयन की प्रक्रिया के वक्त जाति को प्रमुखता दी जाती है। जाति प्रथा न केवल हमारे मध्य वैमनस्यता को बढ़ाती है बल्कि ये हमारी एकता में भी दरार पैदा करने का काम करती है। जाति प्रथा प्रत्येक मनुष्य के मस्तिष्क में बचपन से ही ऊंच-नीच, उत्कृष्टता-निकृष्टता के बीज बो देती है। अमुक जाति का सदस्य होने के नाते किसी को लाभ होता है, तो किसी को हानि उठानी पड़ती है। जाति श्रम की प्रतिष्ठा की संकल्पना के विरुद्ध कार्य करती है और ये हमारी राजनीतिक दासता का मूल कारण रही है।

Keywords: भारत, जाति प्रथा, संकल्पना, हिन्दू समाज।
Challenges and Solutions in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Rural Settings: A Case Study in India
Authors: Kumar Manjesh
Published: February 2024

Language plays a crucial role in communication, shaping individuals' thoughts, emotions, and perspectives. English, as one of the most extensively spoken languages globally, holds significant importance, especially as a second language in India. The effective application implementation of English language curriculum at the primary level is paramount for fostering English language proficiency, especially in rural areas. However, the effective implementation of English Language Teaching (ELT) curriculum at the primary level faces considerable challenges in rural settings. In rural areas of India, ELT encounters formidable obstacles rooted in psychological, linguistic, institutional, and environmental factors. These challenges are compounded by historical and economic disparities, resulting in limited access to educational resources and a scarcity of proficient English teachers. Additionally, the absence of conducive learning environments and inadequate teacher preparation further impedes effective English language education. This research paper endeavours to address the myriad challenges confronting ELT in rural regions of India. Drawing from a case study approach, it aims to identify specific issues such as resource scarcity, teacher training deficiencies, and the lack of conducive learning environments. Furthermore, the paper proposes pragmatic solutions to overcome these obstacles and transform the rural educational landscape into a dynamic and enriching atmosphere for English language learning. This research analyses difficulties and potential solutions to improve English language instruction in rural areas. By highlighting the importance of addressing these challenges and implementing effective strategies, the paper aims to foster English language proficiency among rural students, thereby empowering them with enhanced communication skills and broader educational opportunities.
Juridical Analysis of Rejection of Cancellation of the Deed of Sharing Collective Rights Based on Ruling Number:803K/AG/2017
Authors: Amalia Suci , Djumardin H. , Munandar Aris
Published: February 2024

The aim of this research is to analyze concept and regulation of sharing of joint rights in positive law and to analyze the judge's considerations in refusing to cancel the deed of sharing of joint rights based on Decision Number:803k/Aug/2017. This type of research is normative research. The problem is how the concept and regulation of the distribution of joint rights in positive law and how the judge considers the rejection of the cancellation of the deed of distribution of joint rights based on Decision Number:803k/Aug/2017. the results of this research are PemSharing of joint rights is a legal action carried out by holders of joint rights to land so that it becomes the right of each of the joint rights based on the Deed of Sharing of Joint Rights. Arrangements for the distribution of joint rights are contained in various regulations, namely Porder Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration Article 31 paragraphs 4 and 5, and Article 51 paragraph 1, Regulation of the Minister of State for Agrarian Affairs/Head of the National Land Agency Number 3 of 1997 concerning Provisions for Implementing Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration. Article 94 paragraph 2, article 95, article 96, article 105 article 111 paragraph 4, article 136 paragraphs 1 and 2, and Explanation PRegulation of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2021 concerning Management Rights, Land Rights, Flats and Land Registration in Article 67 paragraph 1. and dIt can be seen from the judge's various considerations that the reason for filing this cassation is actually the cancellation of the deed of sharing of joint rights made by the defendants legally in the PPAT and in accordance with existing provisions. The other reasons in this cassation cannot be justified because they are based on reality and no errors were found so they cannot be considered in this cassation decision in accordance with the provisions in Law Number 14 of 1985 concerning the Supreme Court Article 30.
البنية المعرفية للحديث الضعيف عند الإمام النووى (631 - 676 هـ) وتأثيرها في الاستدلال به: دراسة تحليلية تقييمية
Authors: Alwi Bani Rakhman
Published: February 2024

This research discusses the methodology of Imam al-Nawawi in formulating the concept of weak hadith and his approach in using it as dalil syar’i. Something needs to be clarified when al-Nawawi (d. 676 H) accepted the usage of hadith dha’if as an authoritative legal argument despite being part of the leading hadith experts who continually protect the authenticity of Prophet's Sunnah. This study addresses two main issues: How does al-Nawawi describe a hadith as dha’if, and how does he use dha’if hadith as a basis for legal rulings? The data analysis method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. The researcher adopts a historical-philosophical approach for this study. This study reached two main conclusions: firstly, the definition of hadith dha’if proposed by an-Nawawi does not contradict the description of the majority of hadith scholars. However, an-Nawawi added some special provisions that must be considered, so there is no rush to weaken the hadith and ignore it to be practiced or make it a legal argument. He used hadith dha’if as supporting evidence or argument in specific religious matters under certain conditions. Secondly, the information leads us to conclude that an-Nawawi's social and scientific background played an important role in shaping his thinking and applying his religious methodology. It also shows that an-Nawawi paid close attention to the continuity of the sanad from when he acquired knowledge to when he passed it on to others. An-Nawawi's concern for sanad indicates its importance as everything establishes the religion's authenticity. Even if the quality of the sanad is weak, it is not a problem to be used as long as the weakness is explained and supported with other authentic sources. If it is not found, we can use other ijtihadi arguments, such as qiyas.
The Principles of Islamic Polity in the Qur’an and Sunnah: Revisiting Modern Political Discourse
Authors: Aziz Dr. M. Abdul
Published: February 2024

Polity is a global phenomenon that refers to the political system, structures, and processes for shaping and governing society. Islam, as a complete code of life, addresses all issues of polity. This study attempted to explore the political system of the Holy Qur’an, Practiced by the Prophet (SAAS) and the Khulafa-e-Rashidun as well. This study found that essential principles of the Islamic polity mentioned in the Qur’an are Tawhid (Islamic Monotheism), Shari`ah (Way of life), ‘Adalah (Justice), Hurriyah (Freedom), Musawah (Equality), Shura (Consultation), Al-Wasatiyyah (Moderation), Khilafah (Vicegerency), Ummah (Commonwealth), Muhasabah (Accountability), and Muʿāmalāt (Civil Conduct) etc. Regarding the Prophetic tradition, it is evident that the Madinan Charter, also known as the first written Constitution of the world and the Hudaibiyah Peace Pact were historically significant examples of a multicultural society where peaceful co-existence, freedom of all religions, and women’s participation had been ensured. Moreover, this study also discovered that the major Polity practiced by the Khulafa-e-Rashidun were Free and fair elections, Decision Process by Shura, Respecting Public Opinion, and Ensuring Transparency and Accountability etc.
Women Empowerment from Quranic perspective
Authors: Jamal Elatrash Radwan , Rahmawati Sri Tuti , Ziyad Alhaq
Published: February 2024

Despite the teachings of Islam that advocate for women's rights and empowerment, a substantial disparity persists between the ideal principles and the actual conditions in numerous Muslim communities. Women in many Muslim-majority nations encounter diverse challenges hindering their empowerment and complete societal involvement. Key factors contributing to the predicament of women's empowerment in Islam encompass patriarchal attitudes and cultural norms that confine women's roles and opportunities, as well as limited access to education and training, restricting their active participation in economic and political spheres. Present-day concerns include workplace discrimination and bias against women, encompassing unequal pay and limited advancement opportunities. Additionally, insufficient access to healthcare, education, societal engagement, and reproductive rights adversely affect women's health and well-being. Gender-based violence and harassment, encompassing domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking, exacerbate these challenges. Legal inadequacies in protecting and enforcing women's rights regarding marriage, divorce, inheritance, and property ownership further compound the issue. Misinterpretation and misapplication of religious teachings contribute to harmful practices such as forced marriage and female genital mutilation. Addressing these challenges necessitates targeted interventions and policy changes to dismantle significant barriers to women's empowerment in Muslim communities. The researcher employed an inductive approach, tracing research components from exegetical, hadith, and jurisprudential books to derive general rulings. Subsequently, an analytical method was utilized to categorize and discuss scientific material, yielding specific rulings about the subject. The research reached certain significant results, emphasizing the promotion of women's rights, equality, and comprehensive societal participation to foster just and equitable societies. A focus on women's rights to education, societal engagement, economic independence, fair treatment in marriage, and protection from violence and discrimination is crucial. Quranic teachings offer valuable guidance for Muslims to contribute to women's empowerment in their societies actively.
Empowering Thinking and Moral Formation in Muslim Women Through the Philosophical Inquiry (PI) Approach
Authors: Abdullah Norillah , Mohamed Abdelmagid
Published: February 2024

Philosophical inquiry (PI) is one of the approaches educators employ to help develop thinking skills and moral education among students so that they can understand their goals and the purpose of life in this world. Meanwhile, much has been said about the social problems involving Muslim women in Malaysia which are due to the lack of thinking skills and religious understanding. For this reason, this study attempts to highlight the PI method which integrates the Socratic questioning approach to help address the issue and lead to moral formation. This would allow women to explore their thoughts and generate rational ideas and choices to achieve understanding and sound judgments (hikmah) and finally empower them in executing their roles and tasks as Muslimah who hold the responsibility as daughters and sisters who will be future wives and mothers in the society, and carry out their Amanah as the Khalifah of Allah in this world.
VARIATIONS IN HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS BETWEEN DIFFERENT HONEY BEES AND BEE TAXA UTILIZING BIOINFORMATICS
Authors: Abou-shaara Hossam
Published: February 2024

The changes in climate and exposure to heat stress are major concerns for agricultural communities as it affects pollinators like bees. Bees from different taxa play a crucial role in plant pollination, and their exposure to heat stress induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to protect their cells. Several studies have analyzed the variations in HSPs expression levels and amino acid sequences. Databases for sequences of HSPs with different molecular weights are currently available. Variations in HSPs expression levels have been noted among individuals belonging to the same or different bee taxa exposed to heat stress. The properties of HSPs could help in understanding these variations. This study utilized bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to investigate the variations in sequences of heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) and 83 (HSP83) in 18 bee taxa (15 from Family Apidae, 2 from Family Halictidae, and one from Megachilidae). The analysis showed some identical values to bees from genus Apis and Bombus. For HSP60, all bee taxa had high G content (587-602), followed by A (438-444), then C (389-404), and finally T (282-291). For HSP83, all bee taxa had high A content (730-759), followed by G (572-592), then C (406-419), and finally T (415-429). The conserved domains were highly identical in case of HSP60 versus HSP83. The motifs were from one or more protein families with variation among taxa. All proteins showed hydrophilic properties with variable isoelectric points. The study suggested an identical 3-D structure for proteins in all bee taxa. The role of the detected variations in affecting the response of HSPs to stress was discussed. This study paves the way for more investigations on HSPs and encourages the use of bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to explain any observable variations.
Rationale and Formulation of the Featured Program of Hifdzul Qur'an at Junior High School
Authors: Muslimah  , Anwar Khairil , Ahmad Sabarudin , Hafifah Wafiq
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze the rationale and formulation of a featured program, namely Hafidz Quran, which is implemented by educational institutions, especially at Muhammadiyah Sukamara Junior High School. The research was qualitative, which did not use statistical formulas in processing and analyzing data but was described naturally as it was. The study found that the formulation and rationale for the featured program of Hifdzul Qur'an at Muhammadiyah Sukamara Junior High School is the juridical formulation consisting of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System and Muhammadiyah Central Leadership Guidelines Number 01/PED/I.0/B /2018 concerning Muhammadiyah Primary and Secondary Education. The religious formulation is based on the guidance of the Quran and Hadith, which are the basic needs of managers and society. Apart from being a continuation program for tahfiz from kindergarten and elementary school, this program is also a necessity for schools and the community in building the nation's life more intelligently.
Increased CD44 expression in primary meningioma: its clinical significance and association with peritumoral brain edema
Authors: Sawaya Ryosuke , Yamaguchi Shigeru , Ishi Yukitomo , Okamoto Michinari , Echizenya Sumire , Motegi Hiroaki , Fujima Noriyuki , Fujimura Miki
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

CD44 is a major cell surface receptor involved in cell adhesion and migration. The overexpression of CD44 is a poor prognostic factor in many neoplasms, including meningiomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between CD44 gene expression and clinical signatures of primary meningiomas.

METHODS

CD44 gene expression was quantitatively evaluated by snap freezing tumor tissues obtained from 106 patients with primary meningioma. The relationships between CD44 expression and clinical signatures of meningiomas, including histological malignancy, tumor volume, and peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), were analyzed. PTBE was assessed using the Steinhoff classification (SC) system (from SC 0 to SC III).

RESULTS

CD44 gene expression in WHO grade 2 and 3 meningiomas was significantly higher than that in grade 1 meningiomas. In addition, CD44 expression increased with the severity of PTBE. Particularly, among the grade 1 meningiomas or small-sized tumors (maximum tumor diameter < 43 mm), CD44 expression in tumors with severe PTBE (SC II or III) was significantly higher than that in tumors without or with mild PTBE (SC 0 or I). Multivariate logistic regression analysis also revealed that overexpression of CD44 was an independent significant factor of severe PTBE development in primary meningiomas.

CONCLUSIONS

In addition to tumor cell aggressiveness, CD44 expression promotes the development of PTBE in meningioma. Since PTBE is a strong factor of tumor-related epilepsy or cognitive dysfunction in patients with meningioma, CD44 is thus a potential therapeutic target in meningioma with PTBE.
Electrode position and cognitive outcome following deep brain stimulation surgery
Authors: Chen Jeffrey W. , Zargari Michael , Cole Matthew W. , Gupta Rishabh , Subramanian Deeptha , Dawant Benoit M. , Li Rui , Konrad Peter E. , Englot Dario J. , Dhima Kaltra , Bick Sarah K.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

Subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPI) deep brain stimulation (DBS) effectively treat motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) but may be associated with cognitive and psychiatric changes in some patients. Evaluation of changes in cognitive and psychiatric symptoms following DBS is complicated by changes in these symptoms that occur as part of the natural disease course. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether electrode position was associated with changes in neurocognitive symptoms in patients who underwent STN and GPI DBS.

METHODS

A single-institution retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with PD who underwent DBS from 2008 to 2019. Cognitive and psychiatric outcomes included Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) score, presence of impulsive-compulsive behavior (ICB), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score, and overall cognitive status grade determined by comprehensive neuropsychology testing (normal, mild impairment, moderate impairment, and dementia). Pre- and postoperative comparisons were performed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test or paired t-test. Patients with and without cognitive decline were compared using a Mann-Whitney U-test or unpaired t-test. A chi-square test was used for categorical comparisons.

RESULTS

One hundred thirty patients were included (mean age 62.5 ± 7.9 years). At a mean postoperative follow-up from DBS of 13.0 ± 12.7 (range 6–66) months, there was an improvement in ICB (26.3% preoperatively vs 15.0% postoperatively, p = 0.017), but a decline in MMSE score (28.6 ± 1.6 vs 27.6 ± 2.0, p < 0.001) and overall cognitive status (normal: 66.2% vs 39.2%; mild: 12.3% vs 17.7%; moderate: 21.5% vs 33.1%; dementia: 0.0% vs 10.0%; p < 0.001). Patients undergoing STN DBS had a worse decline in overall cognitive status than patients who underwent GPI DBS (p = 0.006). Postoperative cognitive decline was associated with a more medial electrode position only for patients who underwent STN DBS.

CONCLUSIONS

Cognitive change was observed in some patients with PD who underwent both GPI and STN DBS, likely due partly to underlying disease progression. Compared with GPI DBS, STN DBS was associated with a greater likelihood of cognitive decline. In STN but not GPI DBS, cognitive decline was associated with medialized electrode position, suggesting modulation of nonmotor STN divisions may contribute to cognitive changes following STN DBS.
Core outcomes in nerve surgery: development of a core outcome set for brachial plexus and upper extremity nerve injuries
Authors: Wilson Thomas J. , Ali Zarina S. , Davis Gavin A. , Dengler Nora F. , Desai Ketan , Garozzo Debora , Guedes Fernando , Jack Megan M. , Jacques Line G. , Kretschmer Thomas , Mahan Mark A. , Midha Rajiv , Pondaag Willem , Puffer Ross C. , Rasulić Lukas , Ray Wilson Z. , Rizk Elias , Rodriguez-Aceves Carlos A. , Shapira Yuval , Smith Brandon W. , Socolovsky Mariano , Spinner Robert J. , Zager Eric L.
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVE

When considering traumatic brachial plexus and upper extremity nerve injuries, iatrogenic nerve injuries, and nontraumatic nerve injuries, brachial plexus and upper extremity nerve injuries are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Despite this, data synthesis and comparison of available studies are difficult. This is at least in part due to the lack of standardization in reporting and a lack of a core outcome set (COS). Thus, there is a need for a COS for adult brachial plexus and upper extremity nerve injuries (COS-BPUE). The objective of this study was to develop a COS-BPUE using a modified Delphi approach.

METHODS

A 5-stage approach was used to develop the COS-BPUE: 1) consortium development, 2) literature review to identify potential outcome measures, 3) Delphi survey to develop consensus on outcomes for inclusion, 4) Delphi survey to develop definitions, and 5) consensus meeting to finalize the COS and definitions. The study followed the Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD) recommendations.

RESULTS

The Core Outcomes in Nerve Surgery (COINS) Consortium comprised 23 participants, all neurological surgeons, representing 13 countries. The final COS-BPUE consisted of 36 data points/outcomes covering demographic, diagnostic, patient-reported outcome, motor/sensory outcome, and complication domains. Appropriate instruments, methods of testing, and definitions were set. The consensus minimum duration of follow-up was 24 months, with the consensus optimal time points for assessment being preoperatively and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

The COINS Consortium developed a consensus COS and provided definitions, methods of implementation, and time points for assessment. The COS-BPUE should serve as a minimum set of data that should be collected in all future neurosurgical studies on adult brachial plexus and upper extremity nerve injuries. Incorporation of this COS should help improve consistency in reporting, data synthesis, and comparability, and should minimize outcome reporting bias.
The Holocene Great Salt Lake and Pleistocene Lake Bonneville System: Conserving our Geoheritage for Future Generations
Authors: Chan Marjorie , Oviatt Charles , Baxter Bonnie , Tikoff Basil , Atwood Genevieve
Published: February 2024

The modern (Holocene-age) Great Salt Lake (GSL) and Pleistocene Lake Bonneville of the Bonneville Basin (BB) together make a geosite (GSL-BB system) of exceptional scientific, cultural, aesthetic, and societal value. GSL is the largest saline lake in the Western Hemisphere and a sensitive recorder of climate. For millennia, this distinctive salty water body has been a dynamic and complex natural ecosystem, including an important waterway for birds and other wildlife and an archive of environmental change and history. Lake Bonneville is a seminal part of the history of science in the United States through the work of G.K. Gilbert, who in the 1870s and 1880s developed both critical scientific concepts (e.g., isostasy) and methods (e.g., multiple working hypotheses), which are still employed today. GSL is a major tourist attraction, an economic driver, and a place of scientific exploration. Yet today, the GSL is in grave danger of near total desiccation due to a combination of factors: human removal of waters that would normally replenish the lake, climate change, and other environmental pressures. Over the past few decades there has been a growing international movement to recognize and respect our geoheritage, by raising visibility and protection of high-priority geosites. The GSLBB system is a geoheritage site that urgently needs our protection.
Great Salt Lake wetland vegetation and what it tells us about environmental gradients, drought, and disturbance
Authors: Downard Becka
Published: February 2024

Great Salt Lake (GSL) wetlands support more than 300 species of migratory birds and provide many ecosystem functions, including flood and drought attenuation, dust mitigation, and water quality improvement. Wetland vegetation is a key factor in providing those services and can also tell us about how healthy a wetland is. From 2103 to 2022, 135  GSL wetlands were surveyed to develop a multi-metric index of GSL wetland condition. That wetland condition data, along with environmental variables like soil and water chemistry and physical disturbance, are summarized here as 1) an ecological characterization of the three main types of GSL wetlands, 2) a description of how the plant community differs across environmental and anthropogenic disturbance gradients, and 3) assessment of the major risks to GSL wetland health. GSL wetland plant species are generally resistant to environmental disturbance because of the anatomical and physical adaptations that allow them to survive in dynamic wetland environments. However, land use conversion and the rapid expansion of invasive species, the major threats to GSL wetland health, have seriously degraded wetland condition around GSL. In addition to being useful in wetland monitoring and assessment, the results presented here can also identify wetlands in need of enhanced protection or those with restoration potential as well as setting realistic wetland restoration goals for the region.
Estimate of groundwater flow and salinity contribution to the Great Salt Lake using groundwater levels and spatial analysis
Authors: Zamora Hector , Inkenbrandt Paul
Published: February 2024

Groundwater discharge to Great Salt Lake (GSL) is difficult to quantify but represents a potentially significant source of water and salinity to the lake’s overall water budget and chemistry, respectively. Understanding groundwater and its role in the overall health of GSL is critical due to the current and historically low lake levels. We compiled existing groundwater level data in basin-fill wells around GSL and used spatial analysis methods to 1) create potentiometric-surface maps in the areas adjoining GSL, 2) calculate groundwater contributions to GSL, and 3) estimate salinity inputs from groundwater to GSL. We observed groundwater-level declines in most of the basin-fill wells from the 1980s to 2010s. These declines are consistent with historical groundwater-level trends in the Salt Lake, Tooele, Curlew, and Weber Valleys and are a consequence of aquifer overdraft associated with less than average precipitation in the basin and increased groundwater withdrawals in the GSL watershed. Using the Darcy flux equation, we calculated a groundwater flux to GSL of 313,500 acre-feet per year, substantially greater than previous estimates derived from water balance studies but consistent with estimates derived from geochemical modeling of GSL water chemistry. We calculated a salt contribution from groundwater to GSL of 1.18 million metric tons per year, which represents about 10% of the solutes derived from surface flows to GSL in 2013.
Great Salt Lake desert landscape change over multiple temporal scales
Authors: Bernau Jeremiah , Bowen Brenda , Oviatt Charles , Clark Don
Published: February 2024

This one-day (~260-mile) field trip guide provides an overview of the late Pleistocene to Holocene history of the Great Salt Lake Desert. Stops include Knolls Sand Dunes and areas on or surrounding the Bonneville Salt Flats, such as Juke Box trench, the Bonneville Salt Flats International Speedway, and the saline pan center and edge (Figure 1). We cover the post-Lake Bonneville geomorphic evolution of the Great Salt Lake Desert including changes in land cover over the past century. The Great Salt Lake Desert area provides unique access to saline landscape features including gypsum dunes and a perennial saline pan. We discuss the origin of these features and how they fit within the area’s broader geologic context. The accessibility of sites discussed here depends on surface conditions. In general, late summer to early fall is the most opportune time to visit this area. Vehicular travel to any of the off-road sites is discouraged when there is standing water or high near-surface moisture (wet mud with little traction). Surface conditions can change rapidly, and we recommend researching current conditions before initiating this trip. This desert is hot and dry during the summer and there is no shade and limited access to water; please plan accordingly. Past and current Great Salt Lake Desert depositional changes provide an analog for the modern Great Salt Lake with changing water availability, potential dust production, competing priorities, and rapidly changing land cover. The information presented here impacts understanding natural and geologic heritage, changing management strategies, and landscape dynamism over multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Eckhart’s Concept of «Sign/Image» and Berdyaev’s Concept of «Symbol»: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Богдан Александр-Андрей Васильевич
Published: February 2024

Цель настоящей статьи — проанализировать содержание концептов «знак / образ» у Майстера Экхарта и «символ» у Николая Бердяева и провести их компаративный анализ. Идеи немецкого мистика оказали влияние на формирование религиозно-философских взглядов русского мыслителя. Однако понятия «знак/образ» и «символ» у этих авторов по содержанию весьма различаются, что стало причиной использования данных концептов в разрешении отличных друг от друга богословско-философских вопросов. Если М. Экхарт использовал понятие «знак/образ» в гносеологии, антропологии, триадологии, христологии, то Н. Бердяев с помощью концепта «символ» пытался разрешить проблему двойственности мира, а именно его разделение на две сферы — падший эмпирический и подлинный духовный.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the content of the concepts of «sign/image» in Meister Eckhart and «symbol» in Nikolai Berdyaev and to conduct their comparative analysis. The ideas of the German mystic influenced the formation of the religious and philosophical views of the Russian thinker. However, the content of the concepts of «sign/image» and «symbol» in these authors has little in common, which was the reason for the use of these concepts in resolving different theological and philosophical issues. While Eckhart used the concept of «sign/image» in gnoseology, anthropology, triadology, Christology, Berdyaev with the help of the concept of «symbol» tried to solve the problem of the duality of the world, namely its division into two spheres — the fallen empirical and the authentic spiritual.
The Theme of Friendship in Saint Augustine’s Εxpositions on Psalm V and VII
Authors: Семенова Елена Сергеевна
Published: February 2024

Цель исследования — рассмотреть понимание дружбы в толкованиях блж. Августина Иппонийского на 5-й и 7-й псалмы. В статье впервые представлен перевод на русский язык фрагментов данных толкований, выполненный автором публикации совместно с Е. А. Разумовской. Интерпретируя первоисточники, автор приходит к следующим выводам. Согласно блж. Августину, в Ин. 15, 15 передано обетование о дружбе между человеком и Богом. Эти отношения подразумевают благое рабство Богу (исполнение заповедей Божиих, которое основано на смирении, исключает первоначальный страх наказания и соединено с совершенным страхом Божиим) и представляют собой христианскую нравственность, явленную в совершенном возрасте. Также блж. Августин понимает дружбу между человеком и Богом одновременно как откровенность Бога по отношению к человеку и познание человеком Божественного Промысла. Как богопознание, она соединена с нравственным совершенством и представляет собой одну из добродетелей, относящихся к заповеди о богопочитании. Такая дружба является Божиим даром человеку. В толкованиях на 5-й и 7-й псалмы блж. Августина дружба понимается как духовно-нравственная реальность.

The present research is devoted to a concept previously underexamined in modern Russian theology — the concept of friendship in Saint Augustine’s expositions on Psalms V and VII. The article presents for the first time a Russian translation of some fragments of these expositions by the author and Elena A. Razumovskaya. Interpreting the primary sources, the author makes the following conclusions. According to Saint Augustine in John. 15, 15 there is the promise of friendship between a human and God. This friendship implies good servitude to God (the fulfillment of God’s commandments, which excludes the first fear of punishment, founded on humility and united with the perfect fear of God) and represents the perfect Christian morality. Saint Augustine also interprets the friendship between a human and God, on the one hand, as God's openness to the human, and on the other hand, as the human’s knowledge of Divine Providence. As the knowledge of God, it constitutes a virtue pertaining to the First commandment of The Decalogue and united with moral perfection. This friendship is God’s gift to a human. Thus, according to Saint Augustine’s interpretation of Psalms V and VII, friendship represents a spiritual and moral reality.
The Mother Church in the Byzantine and Post-Byzantine Tradition
Authors: Шлёнов Дионисий
Published: February 2024

В настоящее время в семье Поместных Православных Церквей всё более и более усугубляется болезненное разделение между двумя группами Церквей: теми Церквами, которые поддерживают Константинопольский Патриархат и «привилегии» его главы, как будто бы первенствующего на Востоке и во всемирном Православии иерарха, и теми, которые не принимают такое первенство Константинополя, а именно Русской Православной Церковью и рядом других Поместных Церквей, придерживающихся соборной экклесиологии. Однако, несмотря на иллюзию поиска Константинополем царского пути, правда — в экклесиологии, исключающей земное первенство по власти одного человека в Церкви. В статье данная тема освещается на примере истории понятия «Церковь-Мать» в византийской и поствизантийской традиции. 

At the moment, the family of the Local Orthodox Churches is suffering a painful, more and more aggravating division between the two groups of Local Churches: those Churches that support the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the «privileges» of its head, who is in fact supposed to be the primate within the East and, more generally, within the universal Orthodoxy, and those that do not accept such primacy of Constantinople, namely the Russian Orthodox Church and a number of other Local Churches adhering to the conciliar ecclesiology. However, despite the delusion that Constantinople strives for the «royal path», the truth and righteousness are in the ecclesiology which excludes the one-person earthly primacy of power in the Church. The article highlights this topic using the example of the history of the concept «Mother Church» within the patristic, Byzantine and Post-Byzantine tradition.