bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current Status and Challenges of Multicultural Education Courses in Colleges of Education
Authors:   Multicultural Education Studies, Lim Jeong-Soo , Mo Kyung-Hwan , edit edit
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to examine longitudinal patterns of life satisfaction among immigrant upper-grade elementary school students and to identify factors that influence these patterns, categorized into individual, family, and social factors. To analyze the main research questions, a latent class growth model analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis were conducted. First, three trajectory types of life satisfaction among middle-entry adolescents were identified: a low-level increasing group (7.7%), a mid-level stable group (53.2%), and a high-level group (39.1%). Second, an analysis of factors predicting the latent class classification of life satisfaction trajectories indicated that students with lower levels of bicultural acceptance and higher cultural adaptation stress were more likely to belong to the low-level increasing group. Conversely, those with lower levels of cultural adaptation stress and higher levels of parental and teacher support were more likely to be in the high-level group. Based on these findings, educational implications were discussed.
Фрагментация интересов: внутренний конфликт и результативность городских общественных движений в России
Authors: Тыканова Елена Валерьевна
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена анализу взаимосвязи конфликтов в локальных городских общественных движениях с характером результативности их деятельности. Несмотря на то, что внутренний конфликт ожидаемо ослабляет позиции общественного движения, социальные исследователи указывают на неоднозначное воздействие внутренних разногласий на достижение целей и результативность таких гражданских объединений. Конфликтные взаимоотношения в городских общественных движениях будут рассмотрены с опорой на наработки исследователей в области изучения того, как противостояния между активистами могут объяснить результативность их деятельности, а также теорию полей Н. Флигстина и Д. Макадама. Городское общественное движение, организующееся вокруг локальной градостроительной проблемы, понимается в качестве поля стратегического действия — арены, которая возникает вследствие того, что коллективные акторы объединяются для достижения какого-либо блага, а точнее — приобретения стратегического преимущества в ходе взаимодействия с другими группами. «Доминирующие игроки» в поле занимают лидирующие позиции, тогда как их оппоненты — «претенденты» (англ. — challengers) стремятся к пересмотру правил организации поля, распределения прибылей и/или достижению более выигрышной позиции в поле, что является источником внутреннего конфликта.
Исследование опирается на материалы девяти кейс-стади городских локальных конфликтов в четырех городах-миллионниках России, которые начались и закончились в период с 2012 по 2020 г., а также экспертные интервью о траекториях городского развития в изученных городах. Автор приходит к выводу, что изученные градозащитные движения, имеющие внутригрупповой конфликт, были как успешны, так и безуспешны в плане осуществления поставленной активистами цели. Более “радикальный” фланг в поле городского общественного движения представлен во всех случаях, закончившихся как полной/частичной победой активистов, так и их поражением — либо по требуемому вложению ресурсов государства, либо по другим основаниям: (не)готовности к масштабированию конфликта от локального уровня к городскому, (не)использованию более “радикальных” методов публичной политики, (не)избеганию издержек коалиции с сильным союзником и пр. Конфликты внутри полей городских общественных движений, как правило, не выходят в публичное пространство. Следовательно, они не становятся инструментом в руках более умеренных флангов в городских инициативных группах по привлечению внимания государственных игроков. Таким образом, эффект “фрагментации с радикальным флангом” не имеет для “сильных” акторов значения, поскольку преимущественно ими не наблюдается.
Effectiveness of Fully Remote Practical Training in Dental Education: A Case Study Using Video Conferencing and Communication Tools for the Preparation of Removable Partial Dentures
Authors: Chih Ting Lin , Tenkumo Taichi , Shobara Kenta , Yamaguchi Hirofumi , Koide Rie , Ogawa Toru , Sasaki Keiichi , Yoda Nobuhiro
Published: January 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fully remote practical training for the preparation of removable partial dentures, using the video meeting platform Zoom and the communication app. LINE. Materials and Methods: Remote training was applied for one student using Zoom and LINE at the same time as in-person training for the rest of the class. Consumable and instruments needed were delivered to the student subject to remote training in advance. The student’s work was assessed in front of a web camera, at a pre-determined checkpoint during each step. The actual appliances were then mailed to the instructors and reevaluated. The extent of agreement among the assessors for the video-based and direct evaluations, as well as the extent of agreement between the video-based and direct evaluations were calculated. Results: The introduction of Zoom facilitated mutual communication between the student and the instructors. LINE has proven beneficial for practical training. A fully remote practical training class can be conducted smoothly by assigning a dedicated instructor for remote training. The Κ coefficient for agreement between monitor-based and direct evaluations was 0.704 ± 0.12. The survey results indicated that this practical training style was effective in enhancing knowledge and skills. Conclusions: Fully remote blended learning practical training is feasible using Zoom and LINE; however, the tasks to be conducted must be carefully selected. This study is a case report of a single student; thus, future studies should involve fully remote training of small groups to evaluate its educational effectiveness.
Lumbar spondylolysis: tactical approaches, indications and types of surgical interventions, treatment results. A systematic review
Authors: Evsyukov A. V. , Prudnikova O. G. , Matveev E. A. , Strebkova M. S.
Published: January 2025

Objective. To analyze the literature data on treatment tactics for patients with spondylolysis of the lumbar vertebrae, and to determine indications for surgical treatment, types of surgical interventions, criteria for assessing treatment results, complications and rehabilitation after treatment.

Material and Methods. Full text articles were selected from the Pubmed, EMBASE, eLibrary, Google and Yandex databases. The type of articles was a systematic review and meta-analysis, and the search period was 10 years. The literature search was carried out by three researchers. The study was conducted in accordance with the international PRISMA guidelines for writing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The levels of evidence reliability and gradation of strength of recommendations were assessed according to the ASCO protocol.

Results. A total of 6812 articles on the topic under consideration were found, of them 4922 articles with full text, 2155 over the past 10 years, 115 systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Fourteen articles met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusion. Indications for surgical treatment of spondylolysis are the failure of conservative treatment for 6 months, worsening of clinical symptoms, and development of spondylolisthesis. The goal of the surgery is bone fusion formation at the level of the defect, restoration of  spinal stability and preservation of mobility of the corresponding segment. Surgical treatment methods for spondylolysis using transpedicular screws and a beam (Gillet) showed a higher fusion result than the Scott and Morscher methods. Minimally invasive methods (Buck method and its modifications) provide better functional results. The highest complication rate is observed in surgical interventions using the Scott method (wire rupture, transverse process fracture, lack of fusion) and those using the Morscher method (superficial infection, instability of implants and persistent back pain). The choice of surgical method should be based on the surgeon’s preferences and experience.
Autofusion in surgery for early onset scoliosis: literature review and analysis of own data
Authors: Mikhaylovskiy M. V. , A. Suzdalov V.
Published: January 2025

The literature review considers the pathophysiology of autofusion, its frequency, and the consequences of the spontaneous bone block development in growing children, as well as the necessity of final fusion using segmental instrumentation and bone grafting in surgeryfor early onset scoliosis. The article presents the authors’ own material on the surgical treatment of 131 patients with early onset scoliosis of various etiologies using VEPTR instrumentation, of which 84 patients completed the cycle of multi-stage treatment. During stagedistractions and final fusion, the presence of spontaneous bone blocks of various localizations was ascertained. At the points of distraction rod fixation, the signs of autofusion were noted in 100 % of cases. There was not a single case of posterior vertebral autofusion along the apical and periapical zones of the main curve. In 21 patients, 22 complications were detected that required repeated intervention after the final fusion. The presented experience shows that the final stage of surgical treatment of patients with early onset scoliosis should include removal of VEPTR rods, correction of the deformity with segmental instrumentation and spinal fusion with local autobone along the entire length of the curvature.
Study of the relationship between the severity of downy mildew infection in cucumber and its content of phenols and alkaloids under protected cultivation conditions
Authors: Khudhair A A , Aljarah N S
Published: January 2025

The study was carried out to investigate the distribution pattern and intensity of downy mildew disease in three different parts of cucumber plants (upper, middle and lower). Additionally, the study aimed to examine the correlation between the disease severity and the concentration of phenolic and alkaloid compounds in the plants. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, the results demonstrated that the cucumber plants had the most significant disease severity at the middle level, followed by the lower level near the ground. Conversely, no signs of infection were detected at the higher level of the plant. Furthermore, the most severe downy mildew symptoms were noticed in the greenhouses central region, compared to the areas near the front and back entrances. These differences were shown to be statistically significant. Before the onset of downy mildew infection, cucumber plants indicated minimal phenols and alkaloids. From the first day of infection, the concentration of phenols increased and peaked on the twelfth day following infection. Subsequently, it declined on the 15th day. The level of alkaloids peaked on the sixth day of disease infection and then gradually decreased. The cucumber plants exhibited the highest concentrations of phenols and alkaloids around the ground level, followed by the middle and upper levels These variations were statistically significant. The highest correlation coefficient was reported between the disease severity and the cucumbers content of alkaloids and phenols at the middle and the lower level of the two hybrids: Jamila and Mustaqbal. In the Fares hybrid, the highest correlation coefficient between the percentage of disease severity and phenols was 0.905 at the middle level, but it was 0.434 with the alkaloid contents. At the lower level of the plants, the correlation coefficient between disease severity with the alkaloids and phenols was 0.724 and 0.725, respectively.
Theaetetus 151e–186e: Did Plato Refute Protagoras?
Authors: Calenda Guido
Published: January 2025

In the Theaetetus, which seeks a definition of knowledge, the first definition of Theaetetus, namely that ‘knowledge is perception’, is easily refuted without the need to refer to Protagoras. But for Plato the refutation of Protagoras is a goal in itself, and he devotes almost half the dialogue to this task. He argues that the doctrine of homo mensura amounts to saying that ‘all judgements are true’ and, using his ‘most exquisite argument’, he claims to prove that it is self-refuting. As many scholars have recognised, this alleged demonstration depends on the arbitrary dropping of the relativistic qualifier that specifies ‘for whom’ a given judgement is true. Plato does not justify the disappearance of the qualifier, but rather tries to disguise it. Indeed, Protagoras has an epistemological conception that is opposed to Plato’s theory of knowledge and that is fundamental to the logical justification of the political conceptions set out in the Republic. For Plato, therefore, the refutation of Protagoras’ doctrine of homo mensura is an imperative ethical requirement. He is not too demanding in his choice of arguments: he does not seek rigour in argumentation, only persuasive effectiveness – more than two millennia of interpretations have proved him right.
A Defense of “Author’s Mouthpiece”
Authors: Murphy David J.
Published: January 2025

Against the assumption that their literary form precludes Plato from expressing views in his dialogues, this paper argues that it is legitimate to read certain utterances of characters also as expressions of Plato’s views or to infer Plato’s views from his characters’ speech. Ancient hermeneutical practice, including the practice of Plato’s characters themselves, shows mimetic literature’s reception as “double speech” on two registers, a story register and a rhetorical register. Although aware of the distinction between character and author, ancient readers attribute ideology in characters’ speeches directly to the author. Plato’s contemporaries did this with his dialogues. This practice creates the presumption that philosophical dialogues began as a genre both mimetic and assertoric. Evidence from Cicero and Plutarch supports this presumption, and modern examples show writers and artists weaving ideology into their works. Distinctions in modern literary theory help posit “mouthpiece” as a formal property of characters, “turned on” in order for the author to convey ideology at places in the work. I argue that the “mouthpiece” assumption does not entail fallacy and that the theoretical gains of the “author’s mouthpiece” construct outweigh its risks. Without vitiating dialogues’ status as fiction, the “mouthpiece” assumption serves the history of philosophy and enriches our engagement with the texts.
Arte letteraria e coerenza filosofica: il sole, la linea e la caverna
Authors: Motta Anna
Published: January 2025

The approach I propose here to Books VI and VII of Plato’s Republic is to offer some reflections on the organicist and perspectivist readings. Perspectivism seems in some respects to be a variant of organicism. Indeed, both approaches allow for a reassessment not only of the various parts that make up a dialogue, but also, more generally, of the importance of the literary or dramatic form, which is marginalised by the evolutionist reading. The aim of this essay is therefore to try to understand some of the images present in the central books of the Republic, without burdening them with theoretical structures and questionable chronologies, but rather by noting their importance in the overall design of the individual text and their consistence within a broader organism, the entire and unitary Platonic corpus of dialogues. To this end, I will try to highlight the subtle differences between organicism and perspectivism. I will focus on the relationship between literary constructions and theoretical speculations that make the Republic an organically unified text in itself and perfectly consistent with the entire corpus of dialogues. Three images in particular will help me to show how literature and philosophy meet: the sun analogy, the divided line and the allegory of the cave. My aim is not to say what exactly the epistemology of the central books of the Republic consists in, but rather to try to identify the pitfalls in the text when philosophical questions about epistemological issues are separated from literary ones.
Seneca’s Heraclitus DK 22 B 49a and Parmenides
Authors: Franchi Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Several scholarly inquiries have explored the possibility that Parmenides was acquainted with Heraclitus and engaged in polemics against him, in light of the fact that their respective chronologies do not preclude this scenario. However, with few exceptions, the debate remains polarized between two main positions: the first contends that Heraclitus and Parmenides were likely unaware of each other, or at least that no conclusive evidence exists to prove their acquaintance; the second posits that Parmenides was indeed aware of Heraclitus and argued against him. This paper focuses on Heraclitus B 49a DK to offer additional, albeit measured, support for the latter position and to suggest a hypothesis, at least a partial one, concerning the origins of Parmenides’ κρίσις between εἶναι and μὴ εἶναι.
Della nozione di “filosofia virtuale” e degli altri strumenti ermeneutici​​​ messi a punto da Livio Rossetti per ripensare i presocratici
Authors: Montagnino Marco
Published: January 2025

The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the contributions made by Livio Rossetti to the methodologies of inquiry into ancient philosophical thought, with a specific focus on the hermeneutical tools he has developed over the course of his extensive research activity. This article will examine, in particular, the concept of “virtual philosophy” and of other “tools of the trade,” which the scholar has further refined within his latest book, Ripensare i presocratici.
Cosa è esterno alla mente stoica?
Authors: Alessandrelli Michele
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the role of external factors in the constitution of the Stoic mind. It will show how the external influences the Stoic mind in several crucial ways: 1) Constitutive Role: The external world acts as a constitutive factor for the soul (the third level of the scala naturae), shaping its development. At the fourth level, the logos (rational principle) interacts with qualified external objects. These objects form the basis of abstract reasoning and teachings derived from external sources; 2) Truth-Making Function: The external world serves as a truth-maker for phantasiai and the axiomata associated with them, providing validation and substance to internal representations and core beliefs; 3) Opposition to External Goods: For the Stoic soul dedicated to virtue, external goods are elements to be opposed or transcended. The Stoic perspective emphasizes the pursuit of virtue as independent of external goods, which are considered indifferent or secondary to moral development; 4) Condition of Possibility: the external void or incorporeal space is a necessary condition for the growth of the cosmos, including its periodic conflagration (destruction) and subsequent reconstitution.
Riflessioni sul demiurgo in Plotino a partire dall’interpretazione del Timeo e dell’Epinomide
Authors: Volpe Enrico
Published: January 2025

The problem of the interpretation of the Timaeus represents one of the greatest exegetical challenges for Plotinus. For Plotinus the Timaeus is a problematic dialogue due to its mythical-allegorical language and the fact that some doctrines in the work seem incompatible with his hypostatic vision. The Plotinian conception of the demiurge is critical of the concept of “artisanal causality.” Plotinus does not agree that the cosmos could have been generated according to a plan, i.e., according to dianoetic and contingent reasoning. At the same time, he identifies the demiurge with the Intellect, but then, in other treatises, also equates the demiurge with the world soul and nature, i.e., the aspect of the third hypostasis that has the task of acting directly on matter. While this ambiguity of Plotinus is found in several places of his Enneads, it finds justification in a spurious dialogue of Plato, the Epinomis, in which the role of the demiurgic soul is central. In my opinion, Plotinus is likely to have taken his cue from the Epinomis as an endorsement for his doctrine of the demiurgic soul. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the identification of the demiurgic soul with a single hypostasis leads Plotinus to several aporias.
Sociopragmatic pronouns in Limburgian: inferring speakers’ agency from self-reported automaticity, attitudes, and metalinguistic awareness
Authors: Piepers Joske , Backus Ad , Swanenberg Jos
Published: January 2025

How much of everyday language use takes place on autopilot, how much are speakers aware of, and how do their attitudes relate to this? In particular, how do these factors together account for variation between speakers? Limburgian, a regional language within the Netherlands, is under pressure from Dutch in an intensive language contact situation. The use of a non-feminine subject pronoun for women is a Limburgian feature which is not shared with Dutch. Limburgian speakers show a large range of variation regarding this feature, both when it comes to its use, and how it is perceived. By studying speakers’ self-reports of three concepts – automaticity, attitudes, and metalinguistic awareness – as well as how these together relate to self-reported language use (N = 405), this paper investigates to what extent speakers have control over their own language use. Our findings suggest that self-reported automaticity is the driving force in the use of the non-feminine pronoun, but also that this autopilot may be curbed by metalinguistic awareness and attitudes. Importantly, speakers vary considerably on all three concepts, highlighting once more that language users are not a monolith, and that individual speakers may react differently in a language contact situation.
Oxidative conversion of lignin into monophenolic compound catalyzed by NaOH–NaAlO2/γ-Al2O3 under mild conditions
Authors: Zhou Yijie , Luo Kehui , Wu Zhenzhen , Fan Guozhi
Published: January 2025

A heterogeneous catalyst NaOH–NaAlO2/γ-Al2O3 was prepared by supporting NaOH and NaAlO2 on γ-Al2O3, and it was further employed for the oxidative degradation of lignin. The influence of the oxidant, the molar ratio of NaOH to NaAlO2, and calcination temperature of the supported catalyst on the catalytic activity were investigated. Air was found to be an effective oxidant for lignin conversion in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst. The total yield of monophenolic compounds (MPCs) from dealkaline lignin was 13.0 %, which was obtained by using NaOH–NaAlO2/γ-Al2O3 calcinated at 550 °C as the catalyst with 2:3 M ratio of NaOH to NaAlO2 at 170 °C for 2.5 h in air. Vanillin and syringaldehyde were found to be the main products, giving yields of 6.7 and 2.9 %, respectively. The conversion of lignin derived from wheat straw was also carried out under the identical conditions. Wheat straw lignin also displayed considerable conversion to MPCs in the presence of NaOH–NaAlO2/γ-Al2O3, and the total yield of MPCs at 12.3 % was obtained at 180 °C. NaOH–NaAlO2/γ-Al2O3 was recovered by filtration after the reaction and reused without further treatment, and 11.0 % total yield of MPCs was obtained after four cycles.
Simulative study of near field light intensity measurement and two-dimension intensity profile for the guided modes based step/linear/spline index core profile shape with different core segments
Authors: Kapileswar Nellore , Vishnu Vardhan Jutur Naga , Polasi Phani Kumar , Simon Judy , Mathiyalakendran Aarthi Elaveini , Mahmoud Saber Ali
Published: January 2025

This paper demonstrated the near field light intensity measurement and two-dimension intensity profile for the guided modes based step/linear/spline index core profile shape with different core segments. The refractive index is designed versus radial position for one fiber, two fibers, and 10 fibers per cable. The fiber is designed with different shape profiles with 5 μm core radius, and the fiber refractive index axis ranges from 1.4 to 1.5. The two-dimension intensity profile, near field light intensity plot and with different shape profiles radial intensity profiles are demonstrated and measured for the guided modes of the fiber at different wavelength windows based on the three different designed fibers. Nonlinear propagation parameter, total power launched in fiber core, effective fiber area, and effective refractive index are studied with different shape profile structures versus the spectral operating wavelength based on the three different designed fiber structures.
Mucopolysaccharidosis VI diagnosis by laboratory methods
Authors: Jafaryazdi Rokhsareh , Teimourian Shahram
Published: January 2025

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) results from a defect in arylsulfatase B (ARSB). There are several diagnostic methods using to identify patients; hence, we aimed to review these approaches and consider if one of them could be assigned as the gold standard method. The information of this study was obtained by searching through PubMed and Google scholar databases. In order to collect the most accurate and up to date data, we limited our research to papers in the time period between 2010 and 2017. We collected articles related to our research and extracted the most relevant and accurate data which included the steps of MPS VI diagnosis by routine laboratory approaches. We concluded that an all-inclusive diagnostic approach requires urinary glycosaminoglycan (GAG) analysis, enzyme activity analysis and molecular analysis by mutation scanning through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing or alternative methods such as multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), real-time polymerase chain reaction, array-comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and next generation sequencing (NGS). Reliable classification of patients with MPS VI is necessary for ongoing and future studies on treatments, outcomes and prenatal diagnoses (PNDs). The dependable characterization of patients would be achieved by biochemical techniques and enzymatic assay. However, if a molecular defect is previously identified in the family, PND via mutation scanning is possible.
Validation of blood counters for quality control of platelet concentrates with high platelet counts
Authors: Arlt Nicole , Rothe Remo , Moog Rainer
Published: January 2025

Background

Blood counters are primarily used to measure peripheral blood cells including platelets (PLTs). In routine quality control of platelet concentrates (PCs), counters are also used to analyze very high PLT counts. To meet the requirements of national and European guidelines for quality assurance, the accuracy of counting very high PLT counts has to be validated. The aim of the present study was to validate four blood counters (one of which has two detection methods) focusing on the PLT count.

Methods

The comparison was performed with PCs using the blood counter devices CELL-DYN Ruby (optical count) and CELL-DYN Emerald (impedance count), Sysmex K-4500 (impedance count), Sysmex XN-550 (impedance count) and Sysmex XN-550 (optical count). For precision performances, samples were measured serially 5 times and the coefficients of variation were calculated and compared with manufacturers’ requirements. Additionally, 50 peripheral blood samples were analyzed and standard hemogram parameters (red blood cells [RBC], white blood cells [WBC], hemoglobin [HGB], hematocrit [HCT], PLTs) were compared.

Results

The comparison showed significant differences between the studied blood counter devices in measuring high PLT counts. The CELL-DYN-Emerald, the Sysmex K-4500 and Sysmex XN-500 with the optical counting method measured significantly higher PLT counts compared to the CELL-DYN-Ruby and the Sysmex XN-500 with the impedance counting technology (p<0.0001) independent of their principle of measurement. The manufacturers provide comparable coefficients of variation. We achieved similar results for all counters. All results of the peripheral blood count parameters were comparable.

Conclusions

Our study showed the importance of blood counter validations focusing on PCs with high PLT counts before routine use. Not only the generally fundamental method, but also the manufacturers’ peculiarities seem to play an important role.
Genetic variation of cytochrome b in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)
Authors: Robinson Joshua J. , Solomon Nancy G. , Berg David J. , Keane Brian
Published: January 2025

The prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has become a model organism for studying monogamy. A precise account of the phylogeography of this species should increase our understanding of the proximate mechanisms and ultimate factors underlying the observed geographic variation in monogamy. The prairie vole is widespread throughout the North American grasslands, and seven subspecies have been identified based on morphological variation, which suggests the development of genetic structure. However, a prior analysis of allelic diversity at nuclear microsatellite loci showed little geographic differentiation throughout the species’ range. To further address this inconsistency, we sequenced a segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b locus in 34 individuals from separate geographic locations throughout the species’ range. The mitochondrial analysis revealed three widespread genetic clusters without clear geographic patterns. Thus, the results were consistent with the nuclear analysis by demonstrating low geographic differentiation, indicating likely incomplete lineage sorting in the species. Additionally, the observed patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear variation were not consistent with subspecies designations. Based on our analysis and prior genetic and morphological analyses, we suggest that a reevaluation of the subspecies designations in prairie voles is warranted, with the six contiguous subspecies of prairie voles being synonymized.
On some solitary wave solutions of the Estevez--Mansfield--Clarkson equation with conformable fractional derivatives in time
Authors: Ahmed Nauman , Macías-Díaz Jorge E. , Umer Shazia , Baber Muhammad Z. , Jawaz Muhammad , Vargas-Rodríguez Héctor
Published: January 2025

In this study, a generalization of the Estevez–Mansfield–Clarkson (EMC) equation that considers the presence of conformable time-fractional derivatives is investigated analytically. The integer-order model finds applications in mathematical physics, optics, and the investigation of shape developing in liquid drops. In this study, the Sardar sub-equation method, is employed to solve the generalized EMC equation. From the Sardar sub-equation method a broad range of soliton solutions, including dark-bright, combined dark-singular and periodic singular solitons, have been obtained. Some of the results derived in this study are plotted to illustrate that the solutions are solitary waves, indeed.
A dynamic pressure strategy to minimize void formation in vacuum infusion
Authors: Chang Chih-Yuan
Published: January 2025

An improved vacuum infusion (VI) process, called dynamic pressure molding (DPM), has been proposed to reduce void formation during infusion. In this method, the conventional VARTM process is modified by mounting a rigid chamber on top of the mold. The compaction pressure on the vacuum bag and the infusion pressure are independently and dynamically controlled during infusion to achieve the optimal impregnation for avoiding void formation. To reduce the postinfusion time, the premature sealing of the inlet, the heated air compression, and the two-sided drainage are also used in the DPM. Two different characteristics of the preform are tested at various infusion strategies. A one-dimensional nonisothermal filling model coupled with preform deformation is performed to numerically analyze the complete filling process. Results show that the four-step DPM enables at least 96.53 % of the infusion phase to be within the optimal infusion mode, but its effectiveness in reducing the total filling time depends on the preform characteristics. Several limitations of the DPM are interpreted. For comparison purposes, the typical VI process is also modeled.
A pandemia e o setor supermercadista: uma reflexão
Authors: Ostronoff Leonardo José
Published: January 2025

Os supermercados são um dos locais que permanecem abertos durante a pandemia do COVID 19, pois são considerados essenciais. Os seus funcionários continuam exercendo seu trabalho, sendo expostos a um maior risco de contágio do que aqueles que podem permanecer em suas casas. Ora, se os supermercados são considerados, pelos governos do mundo todo, uma atividade essencial durante a crise do COVID 19, não seria também igualmente importante o trabalho feito por seus funcionários? Ao contrário, eles são considerados pelas empresas suspeitos em potencial, podendo a qualquer momento furtarem ou roubarem, estando sempre “a um passo do delito”. Esse artigo traz a discussão dos trabalhadores de supermercados enquanto parte dos invisíveis, mais precisamente, de um setor deles que está dentro do universo do trabalho e que permanece em atividade durante a pandemia, ficando exposto a um maior risco de contágio. A invisibilidade dos trabalhadores de supermercados teria dois fatores: 1) o tipo de trabalho que executam; 2) o dispositivo de prevenção de perdas, justamente a novidade apresentada por esse artigo.
A perda e o luto em tempos de Pandemia: reflexões a partir da Arqueologia da Morte
Authors: Bernardo Danilo Vicensotto , Almeida Tatiana Ferreira de
Published: January 2025

A Arqueologia se dedica ao estudo dos aspectos essenciais da humanidade através da história e é exposta às últimas expressões das autopercepções humanas sobre sua própria existência: a morte e os tratamentos funerários. No que pese a inevitabilidade da morte, os desencadeamentos deste evento variam ao longo do tempo e entre as diferentes tradições, culturas, crenças e religiões, sem, no entanto, se desvincular de um arcabouço comum, envolvendo a materialização do comportamento social, econômico, tecnológico e religioso que reflete valores e contextos de determinada sociedade, traduzindo, assim, os aspectos fundamentais de como se vive, se pensa e se transforma em termos sociais. Considerando a situação de pandemia causada pela SARS-CoV-2, apresentamos, aqui, uma breve caracterização da situação, e, sob uma ótica comparativa, analisamos a incidência de casos de óbitos relacionados à doença no Brasil, interpretando os significados de nossos achados sob uma abordagem teórica utilizada em estudos de Arqueologia da Morte. Nossos dados, sugerem que, de maneira preocupante, ocorre uma relativa naturalização das mortes relacionadas à Covid-19, nos impondo a reflexão de que, aparentemente, algumas mortes, em determinadas situações, signifiquem, socialmente, mais do que outras no que pese a quantidade de vidas envolvidas nesses eventos.
The Presumption of the Age of Victims under International and Domestic Regulations
Authors: Jakubowska-Hara Jolanta , Mierzwińska-Lorencka Joanna
Published: January 2025

The question of the security of proceedings and protection for victims involves a whole array of issues. One of them is the principle of the presumption of the age of the victim, which is an important element in the regulations on the legal protection of children in criminal proceedings. The Polish government has indicated that introducing the principle of the presumption of the victim’s age into the Polish legal system was part of the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted in the UN Agenda 2030. For several years, there has been an emphasis in the field of European law on the need to implement appropriate procedures and take legislative steps for the comprehensive implementation of the obligations under Directive 2011/93/EU of the Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 2011 and Directive 2012/29/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012. Both of these are to be implemented through the provision of Article 49(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, which was introduced into the Code by the Act of 16 December 2020 amending the Code of Criminal Procedure, which came into force on 9 February 2021. The principle provided for in Article 49(b) establishes a legal assumption used to indicate the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure that should be applied to a victim if their age cannot be determined and they may be a minor.
Protecting Women from Violence in Light of the UN Sustainable Development Goals from the Perspective of a Postmodern Society
Authors: Budyn-Kulik Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Among the 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals adopted in the so-called Agenda 2030, Goal 5 is defined as achieving gender equality and empowering women and girls, and the objective labelled 5.2 is about the elimination of all forms of violence against women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking, sexual exploitation and other forms of exploitation. The way gender equality is framed in Agenda 2030 in the context of countering violence is unsatisfactory. It relies on outdated perceptions of sexuality, fails to recognize new problems related to the fluidity of gender identity and may indirectly lead to ignoring the problem of violence against people of a gender other than women.
Providing Safe Shelter to Victims of Domestic Violence in the Light of Goal 16.1 of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Authors: Guzik-Makaruk Ewa M. , Karaźniewicz Justyna , Kotowska Monika , Romańczuk-Grącka Marta
Published: January 2025

Interest in the issue of domestic violence in Poland has resulted from the rapid development of international law. One of the essential documents in this area is the resolution adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 25 September 2015 titled ‘Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development’. One of the main challenges associated with domestic violence is ensuring the safety of the victims. Poland has adopted certain solutions to address this issue, including the establishment of specialized support centres. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the essential characteristics and functions of shelter provided by these centres as one of the forms of assistance provided at the municipality level to persons who have experienced violence. The paper also seeks to assess how such centres operate in practice.
Understanding the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the Context of Safety and Security for Rural Communities
Authors: Jurgielewicz-Delegacz Emilia , Donnermeyer Joseph F.
Published: January 2025

This article examines challenges to the study of rural crime and criminal justice through the lens of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It emphasizes that the rural population of the world and within many countries is a significant share of the total, even though urbanization will inevitably continue through the remainder of the 21st century. Contrary to longstanding stereotypes, especially those found in criminology, rural places are quite diverse. In addition, rural localities everywhere are changing, and with these changes emerge important issues related to the safety and security of rural populations. All 17 SDGs are discussed within the context of crimes that affect rural people and their perceptions of safety; we examine what rural criminology can do to help criminal justice policy-makers and practitioners focus strategies and tactics suitable for a rural context.
The Norwegian Model of Victim–Offender Mediation as an Original System Approach
Authors: Kużelewski Dariusz
Published: January 2025

Victim–offender mediation is considered the most widespread restorative justice measure. It is an institution based on a universal scheme of activities involving the victim and the offender, yet it occurs in a diverse legal environment. Various legal systems regulate the prerequisites for the use of mediation differently, defining in which cases it can be used and who can be a mediator, or giving an institutional framework to entities offering mediation services. One of the most interesting European mediation systems has been developed in Norway, which can be considered a pioneering country in terms of the origins of victim–offender mediation. Comprehensive legal regulation of mediation is a Norwegian peculiarity; it will be analysed in this article against the background of Polish solutions. This analysis will be a starting point for outlining the pitfalls and challenges facing mediation in Norway.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІННІСНИХ ОРІЄНТАЦІЙ ШКОЛЯРІВ СЕРЕДНІХ КЛАСІВ В ПРОЦЕСІ РУХОВОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ
Authors: Бакіко Ігор , Ковальчук Володимир , Савчук Сергій , Гребік Олег , Дмитрук Віталій
Published: January 2025

Стаття присвячена особливостям формування ціннісних орієнтацій школярів середніх класів в процесі рухової активності. Метою дослідження було вивчити особливості формування ціннісних орієнтації школярів 5 – 9 класів в процесі рухової активності за віковими й статевими ознаками.
Дослідження проводились у закладі загальної середньої освіти № 17 м. Луцька за участю учнів 5 – 9 класів у кількості 300 чоловік (хлопців – 150, дівчат – 150). Їх вік становить – 10 – 15 років. Для вирішення поставленої мети були використані наступні методи дослідження: аналіз науково-методичної літератури, опитувальник ціннісних орієнтацій М. Рокича, методи математичної статистики.
Пріоритетні місця в учнів 5 класу посіли такі важливі цінності, як: «здоров’я», «задоволення» і «матеріальне забезпечення». Цінності, які групуються всередині ієрархічної структури, можна визнати як резерв загальної спрямованості людини. Хлопці 5 класу обрали: «цікаву роботу», «активне, діяльне життя», «рівність», «друзі» та «суспільне визнання». Дівчата: «щасливе, сімейне життя», «кохання», «свобода», «самостійність», «суспільне визнання», «впевненість у собі».
Юнаки-дев’ятикласники перелічили «відкинуті» цінності – це цінності особистого життя («краса»); абстрактні цінності («творчість», «пізнання») та індивідуальні цінності («активне, діяльне життя»). А в дівчат, в категорію «незначущих» потрапили: конкретні життєві цінності («друзі»); абстрактні цінності («пізнання», «самостійність»); індивідуальні цінності («матеріальне забезпечення»).
Таким чином підтверджується, що пріоритети ціннісних орієнтації у школярів середніх класів змінюються кожний рік і те, що було важливе для них в 5 класі, змінюється у «хвіст» цінностей в 9 класі.
Адаптаційні можливості деяких видів тропічних рослин в захищеному ґрунті Ботанічного саду ДНУ
Authors: Domnytska I. L.
Published: January 2025

Збереження біорізноманіття, у тому числі рослинного, неможливе без детального вивчення його на всіх рівнях. Інтродукція теплолюбних рослин в країни помірного клімату дає для цього велику кількість матеріалу. Колекція лабораторії тропічних і субтропічних рослин Ботанічного саду Дніпровського національного університету імені Олеся Гончара (ДНУ) слугує базою для постійного спостереження за змінами адаптаційної поведінки рослин з 1945 року. У фондовій оранжереї мікроклімат періодично змінюється через зміни загального клімату та соціальні проблеми. Через це річні температури у тропічному відділі в останні роки наблизились до таких у субтропічних регіонах. У захищеному ґрунті Ботанічного саду культивуються всі основні життєві форми тропічних і субтропічних рослин, а також представники головних флористичних царств. Виникла необхідність оцінити результати їх адаптації, для чого використали шкалу Горницької І. П. Серед 830 таксонів колекції візуально більшість успішно інтродукована (від 41 до 85 балів). Вибіркові спостереження за адаптаційною поведінкою Coffea arabica L., Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L., Psidium littorale Raddi, Rauvolfia vomifolia Afzel. (дерева і чагарники) проводились з 2007 по 2023 рік. Серед трав’янистих багаторічників відібрано 177 мезофітних видів і сортів з 9 родин, що мають декоративні, лікарські та антиоксидантні властивості. Спостереження за їх адаптаційними реакціями проводили з 2022 по 2023 рік. Виявлено, що найбільшу загальну кількість родів в даній групі, а також декоративно-квітучих видів і культиварів має родина Gesneriaceae Dumort.   Підраховані показники успішності інтродукції, переважно високі бали у видів, що походять з американського континенту та Південно-Східної Азії. Серед дерев найбільш адаптований Psidium littorale Raddi (77 балів) – цінне плодове дерево (Бразилія). Серед трав’янистих багаторічників з декоративними квітами найбільш адаптовані види та сорти роду Primulina Hance (до 66 балів, Південно-Східна Азія).  Найвищий бал успішності інтродукції (85) у чотирьох декоративно-листяних видів  і двох з декоративними плодами (рід Rivina L.) з Неотропічного флористичного царства.
ENHANCED FOOD INTAKE SUPPRESSION AND BODY MASS REDUCTION WITH COMBINED L-NAME AND LEPTIN ADMINISTRATION IN FASTED RATS
Authors: M. Hristov
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of combining Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and leptin on food intake and body mass gain in fasted rats, as both have been shown to suppress food consumption. Additionally, the study evaluated the impact of L-NAME on fever induced by leptin.
METHODS: L-NAME and recombinant rat leptin were administered intraperitoneally, both alone and in combination, to fasted rats. Measurements included monitoring body temperature via rectal thermocouple probes, and assessing food intake and body mass gain 24 hours post-injection.
RESULTS: Systemic administration of L-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.) abolished the febrile response elicited by leptin. Furthermore, administering leptin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and L-NAME (50 mg/kg, i.p.), alone or in combination, suppressed food intake and body mass gain in fasted rats after a 24-hour period. Notably, combining leptin and L-NAME had a more pronounced effect on food intake suppression and body mass loss than using either drug alone.
CONCLUSIONS: It could be speculated that the combination of leptin and L-NAME might potentially serve as an effective treatment for obesity, given their enhanced effects on food intake suppression and body mass loss observed in the study. Additionally, these results suggest a clear involvement of nitric oxide synthase during leptin-induced fever.
BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF ARONIA MELANOCARPA FRUIT JUICE IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS WITH DIET-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: M. Abtulov  , M. Eftimov  , S. Marinova  , M. Salbashian  , M. Zhelyazkova-Savova  , S. Valcheva-Kuzmanova
Published: January 2025

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effects of polyphenol-rich Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice (AMFJ) on the behavior of rats with metabolic syndrome (MS) induced by high-fat high-fructose diet. METHODS: Fifty rats were allocated into 5 groups (10 rats per group): control, MS, MS + AMFJ2.5, MS + AMFJ5 and MS + AMFJ10. During the induction of MS in the course of 10 weeks, the last three groups were treated with AMFJ at doses 2,5 ml/kg, 5 ml/kg and 10 ml kg, respectively. The open field test was used to examine locomotion, the social interaction test was used to evaluate anxiety, the depression-like state was studied by the forced swimming test and spatial memory was evaluated by the place recognition test. RESULTS: No differences were found in the overall motor activity across the groups. Anxiety and memory impairment were established in MS rats. AMFJ counteracted the development of anxiety, and brought the memory function back to normal. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of the MS-induced behavioral alterations might be attributed to the rich polyphenolic content of AMFJ, essential for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and metabolic actions, and probably underlie also the anxiolytic and memory-enhancing effects observed in the present study.