bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jaminan Mutu pada Pengujian Pour Point ASTM D-97, Flash Point PMcc ASTM D-93 dan Viskositas Kinematik ASTM D-445 di Laboratorium Minyak Bumi PPSDM Migas Cepu
Authors: Salmahaminati Salmahaminati , Candra Dewinara Restu Yudandhiss  , Sahadad
Published: June 2023

Telah dilakukan pengujian jaminan mutu pada pengujian pour point ASTM D-97, flash point PMcc ASTM D-93 dan viskositas kinematik ASTM D-445 di Laboratorium Minyak Bumi PPSDM Migas Cepu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengendalian mutu pada pengujian pour point ASTM D-97, flash point PMcc ASTM D-93 dan viskositas kinematik ASTM D-445 di Laboratorium Minyak Bumi PPSDM Migas Cepu. Pour point atau titik tuang adalah suhu terendah dimana bahan bakar minyak masih dapat mengalir dengan sendirinya pada kondisi pengujian. Flash point adalah temperatur terendah dimana campuran uap bahan bakar dan udara dapat menyala sekejap apabila terkena pipa dan kondisi tertentu atau dapat menyambar saat dilewatkan api kecil diatasnya. Viskositas kinematik adalah ukuran besar kecilnya hambatan suatu fluida untuk mengalir. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu solar dan Certified Reference Material (CRM). Pada pengendalian mutu dengan control chart berdasarkan parameter viskositas,  flash point, dan pour point menunjukkan bahwa nilai pour point, flash point, dan viskositas kinematik berada dalam kendali Upper Warning Limit (UWL) dan Lower Warning Limit (LWL). Hal ini menunjukkan hasil pengujian solar yang berada dalam batas kendali yang baik sedangkan pada analisa pengujian CRM dengan Flash Point diperoleh nilai Flash Point terkoreksi sebesar 60,165 °C sementara nilai flash point pada label CRM sebesar 62,2 °C dan pada analisa pengujian viskositas kinematik diperoleh nilai viskositas sebesar 2,6804434 (mm2/s) sementara nilai viskositas pada label CRM sebesar 2,690 (mm2/s). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pengujian CRM dengan metode Flash Point dan Viskositas yang dilakukan kurang akurat.
Sintesis Kitosan dari Cangkang Kepiting Dengan Metode Pemanasan Microwave Selama 2 Menit
Authors: Salmahaminati Salmahaminati
Published: June 2023

Kitosan disintesis melalui reaksi deasetilasi kitin dengan larutan NaOH dengan iradiasi gelombang mikro. Hal tersebut menggambarkan proses sebuah prosedur sintesis cepat dibandingkan untuk metode konvensional. Kitosan telah dikarakterisasi dengan instrumen FTIR (Fourier transform infrared). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat deasetilasi yang diperoleh adalah 76,5% tercapai setelah penyinaran kitin dengan larutan NaOH 45% dalam microwave selama 2 menit dengan daya 900 watt. Metode ini memberikan hasil proses cepat, bersih dan mudah
Factors of Sustainable Consumption Behavior Based on Health Risk Perception: The Example of Electronic Vehicles in Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Dou Yuexin , Chen Ji
Published: June 2023

A number of sustainable and environmental issues are caused by consumer's behavior. Consumers' consumption pattern plays an increasingly important role in environmental conservation and adopting to a more sustainable community. This study used planned behavior theory and structural equation model to quantifies individual purchasing behavior of electronic vehicles based on perceived health risk cased by air pollution in Kunming, China. The findings showed that (1)for residents in Kunming, the perceived air pollution risk, the willingness to purchase new energy vehicles, and actual purchase behavior are low; (2) perception of health risks has a significant positive impact on purchase willingness, behavioral attitude and subjective norms play a significant positive mediating role between perception of health risks and purchase willingness, and perception of behavioral control plays a significant negative role, purchase willingness has significant positive impact on purchase behavior, the direct effect of perceived behavioral control on purchase behavior is insignificant; (3) for highly educated groups, risk controllability has a significant impact on the perception of health risk, subjective norms and behavioral attitude have significant impacts on purchase willingness, while for low-income gourp, risk controllability has significant impacts on the perception of health risk.
Preliminary TC Calculations for Iron-Based Superconductivity in NaFeAs, LiFeAs, FeSe and Nanostructured FeSe/SrTiO3 Superconductors
Authors: Wong Chi Ho , Lortz Rolf
Published: June 2023

Many theoretical models of iron-based superconductors have been proposed but Tc calculations based on the models are usually missing. We have chosen two models of iron-based superconductors in the literature and then compute the Tc values accordingly: Recently two models have been announced which suggest that superconducting electron concentration involved in the pairing mechanism of iron-based superconductors may have been underestimated, and that the antiferromagnetism and the induced xy potential may even have a dramatic amplification effect on electron-phonon coupling. We use bulk FeSe, LiFeAs and NaFeAs data to calculate the Tc based on these models and test if the combined model can predict the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of the nanostructured FeSe monolayer well. To substantiate the recently announced xy potential in the literature, we create a two-channel model to separately superimpose the dynamics of the electron in the upper and lower tetrahedral plane. The results of our two-channel model support the literature data. While scientists are still searching for a universal DFT functional that can describe the pairing mechanism of all iron-based superconductors, we base on the ARPES data to propose an empirical combination of DFT functional for revising the electron-phonon scattering matrix in the superconducting state, which ensures that all electrons involved in iron-based superconductivity are included in the computation. Our computational model takes into account this amplifying effect of antiferromagnetism and the correction of the electron-phonon scattering matrix together with the abnormal soft out-of-plane lattice vibration of the layered structure, which allows us to calculate theoretical Tc values of LiFeAs, NaFeAs and FeSe as a function of pressure that correspond reasonably well to the experimental values. More importantly, by taking into account the interfacial effect between an FeSe monolayer and its SrTiO3 substrate as an additional gain factor, our calculated Tc value is up to 91 K high, and provides evidence that the strong Tc enhancement recently observed in such monolayers with Tc reaching 100 K may be contributed from the electrons within the ARPES range.
Narasi Trauma: Kajian Postmemory Novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat Karya Faisal Oddang
Authors: Joko Santoso
Published: June 2023

Permasalahan mendasar dari penelitian ini adalah narasi trauma dan reproduksi ideologi dalam novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat karya Faisal Oddang. Tujuan penelitian adalah upaya membongkar narasi trauma dan reproduksi ideologi generasi kedua atas peristiwa pemurnian Islam oleh DI/TII kepada bissu, toboto, dalam tradisi masyarakat Bugis pada 1950-an. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah postmemory Marianne Hirsch. Sumber data penelitian berupa kualitas-kualitas yang terdapat dalam kata, frasa, atau kalimat dalam novel Tiba Sebelum Berangkat sehingga jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dengan teknik catat. Metode analisis data adalah dialektik (bolak-balik) dengan tujuan mencapai koherensi maksimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa narasi trauma adalah tegangan antara yang sakral dengan yang profan, dan strukturasi hierarkis-vertikal. Posisi demikian memungkinkan yang sakral mengendalikan sepenuhnya atas yang profan. Reproduksi ideologi bekerja membuat ruang negosiasi menjadi negosiatif-horizontal, di mana domain kesucian/kesakralan tidak diberlakukan dalam kebudayaan, dan mendorong akulturasi tanpa mengusik keyakinan masing-masing.
Refleksi Angan-Angan Kolektif Masyarakat Subang–Purwakarta dalam Cerita Rakyat
Authors: Meilinawati Lina , Rachmat Ani , Darmayanti Nani
Published: June 2023

Artikel ini membicarakan pandangan dunia yang merupakan impian kolektif suatu masyarakat yang direpresentasikan dalam cerita rakyat. Penelitian menggali imajinasi kolektif melalui cerita rakyat yang berkembang di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui nilai-nilai budaya yang tersimpan dalam cerita rakyat. Objek penelitian ini adalah cerita rakyat yang berkembang di masyarakat Kabupaten Purwakarta dan Kabupaten Subang, dua kabupaten yang berdekatan. Pada masyarakat Purwakarta hidup cerita rakyat Mbah Jawer yang dikaitkan dengan proyek Bendungan Jatiluhur. Di Kabupaten Subang terdapat 3 dongeng, yaitu “Ki Lapidin”, “Ki Asmadi”, dan “Ki Samidin”. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan sumber pustaka. Pemilihan objek didasarkan pada fakta perubahan sosial dengan dibangunnya Waduk Jatiluhur di Purwakarta. Analisis data menggunakan metode linguakultur, suatu pendekatan yang menghubungkan budaya dan bahasa. Dari penelitian ini terungkap bahwa untuk membenarkan rasa takut, dibuatlah mitos dan untuk menanamkan
Representasi Keselarasan Masyarakat Madura dalam Cerita Rakyat Madura: Kajian Antropologi Sastra
Authors: Rahman Diana Maulida
Published: June 2023

Kajian antropologi sastra ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan keselarasan manusia dengan (1) dirinya, (2) alam, dan (3) sesama melalui cerita rakyat Madura. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif dengan kajian antropologi sastra yang diperkuat pendapat Hurlock (1993) untuk menjawab fokus pertama, fokus kedua menggunakan pendapat Rasyid (2018), dan fokus ketiga menggunakan pendapat Trianton (2018). Penelitian pustaka ini dilengkapi dengan wawancara mendalam untuk memperkuat temuan data. Analisis data diawali dengan pengumpulan data, identifikasi, dan klasifikasi data. Interpretasi data dilakukan secara kontekstual dengan menempatkan hubungan antardata secara keseluruhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan cerita rakyat merepresentasikan keselarasan dengan dirinya, sesama, dan alam. Keselarasan masyarakat Madura secara internal dengan dirinya terbentuk dari citra fisik, psikologis, sosial, emosional, aspirasi, dan prestasi. Keselarasan dengan sesama tampak pada sikap yang menjadi pedoman hidup masyarakat Madura, seperti menghormati orang tua dan memedulikan sesama. Keselarasan diri dengan alam tampak pada pemakaian asal mula (penamaan), benda-benda alam, dan ramuan pengobatan.
Keimanan Islam dan Yahudi pada Nilai-Nilai Religius dalam Novel Bumi Cinta
Authors: Suhardjono Dadi Waras
Published: June 2023

Karya sastra sarat nilai. Bumi Cinta adalah salah satu fiksi yang sarat nilai religius. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi nilai religius dalam novel Bumi Cinta dalam perspektif Islam dan Yahudi. Tema Bumi Cinta mengungkapkan nilai-nilai religius Islam dan Yahudi dalam hal ketuhanan. Untuk mengungkapkan hal tersebut digunakan metode analisis isi dengan menggunakan kajian strukturalisme genetik. Hasilnya adalah bahwa Islam dan Yahudi menyembah pada Tuhan Yang Maha Tunggal. Ketuhanan dalam Islam bersandarkan pada Alquran, sedangkan Yahudi bersandarkan kepada kitab Talmud meskipun Taurat tetap diakui sebagai kitab suci. Dalam Islam, pemeluk Yahudi dikenal sebagai yang paling keras permusuhannya, tetapi bila Tuhan sudah memberikan petunjuk, siapa pun itu tetap dapat beriman kepada Allah dan memeluk Islam termasuk pemeluk Yahudi.
Mitos Putri Tidur dan Inferioritas Perempuan dalam Relasi Percintaan pada Novel Sleepaholic Jatuh Cinta Karya Astrid Zeng
Authors: Tania Intan  , Handayani Vincentia Tri
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiskusikan mitos putri tidur dan inferioritas perempuan dalam novel bergenre amore yang berjudul Sleepaholic Jatuh Cinta (2010) karya Astrid Zeng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kajian gender. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mitos putri tidur dieksplorasi pengarang untuk memperkuat gagasan tentang ketergantungan perempuan pada laki-laki. Inferioritas perempuan dilandasi oleh stereotip gender yang menempatkan laki-laki sebagai sosok yang kuat, mandiri, dan berkarakter pahlawan. Inferioritas perempuan ditunjukkan melalui kesediaannya mengalah dan menjadi pelayan serta korban penindasan di dalam relasi percintaan. Upaya pengarang untuk mengonstruksi protagonis perempuan sebagai sosok pemberontak dalam menghadapi opresi yang menimpanya dinilai tidak cukup memadai.
Posisi dan Strategi Abdullah bin Muhammad Al-Misri dalam Arena Sastra Melayu Klasik
Authors: Upartini Diyah Prilly
Published: June 2023

Penelitian ini membahas fenomena kepengarangan Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Misri, salah satu pengarang Melayu di Hindia Belanda yang tidak disebutkan dalam buku-buku klasik tentang sejarah kesusastraan Melayu karangan Winstedt, Hooykaas, Liaw Yock Fang, Teuku Iskandar, serta Vladimir Braginsky. Karangan-karangan Abdullah al-Misri sedikit banyak telah terpengaruh Eropa dan menunjukkan periode modern pada masa itu. Dengan menggunakan arena produksi kultural Bourdieu, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menemukan jawaban atas permasalahan (1) struktur arena kekuasaan dan arena sastra Melayu klasik, dan (2) trajektori dan akumulasi modal Abdullah al-Misri dalam perebutan posisi dan legitimasi dalam arena kesusastraan Melayu klasik. Hipotesis penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat ruang-ruang kemungkinan di dalam kesusastraan Melayu klasik yang memengaruhi struktur arena sastra Melayu klasik. Ruang-ruang kemungkinan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh struktur arena kekuasaan Melayu yang menutup kemungkinan ruang kompetisi bagi berbagai agen dengan strategi yang berbeda dari ruang-ruang kemungkinan yang telah ada.
Approaches to the integral efficiency assessment of primary prevention measures in management decision-making
Authors:   FSBEI HE “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Bastrygina V. A. , Sabaev A. V. ,   FSBEI HE “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Pasechnik O. A. ,   FSBEI HE “Omsk State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2023

Standard indicators currently used to evaluate efficiency of various prevention measures do not determine the impact of these measures on public health indicators and achievement of target results. P u r p o s e of this study is to develop approaches of integral assessment efficiency evaluation of public health system primary prevention measures. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . The analysis was conducted in Omsk region municipal districts during the period from 2018 to 2022. The materials for this research were data from reporting forms of federal sectoral monitoring, morbidity of the population data, information about prevention measures volume and quality. The method of integral efficiency assessment was used. This method is based on arithmetic mean of the selected general indices of measures that include individual indices of public health measures efficiency. Efficiency assessment of measures aimed at population alcohol consumption reduction is used as an example. R e s u l t s . Individual indices that evaluate retail alcohol sales rate, the proportion of persons with risk factors, their involvement in dispensary supervision, involvement of the population in preventive measures, were created to assess the overall index of measures aimed at alcohol consumption reduction. Individual indices are presented with baseline and target values. The analysis of the dynamics of actual indicators of the volume of alcohol consumption reduction measures is given. Integral index of prevention measures efficiency is the arithmetic mean of the general indices, including six components of primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases that have a significant impact on public health indicators, including: tobacco consumption reduction, obesity prevalence, proportion of the population with physical activity increase, rational nutrition, healthy lifestyle. The closer the integral index is to the value of 1, the more effective preventive measures are. The integral index of primary prevention measures efficiency in Omsk in 2022 is at 0,46 points. C o n c l u s i o n . Implementing the integral efficiency assessment method allowed to use unified approach in evaluation of the current primary prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases measures model, to conduct a comparative evaluation of measures aimed at strengthening public health in Omsk region municipal districts, showed the direction of additional measures to improve the efficiency of the process as a whole.
Does Use of Face Masks Influence Pain and Performance in Musicians?
Authors: Rodríguez-Gude Clara , Taboada-Iglesias Yaiza , Pino-Juste Margarita
Published: June 2023

AIMS: To analyze headache and pain in the mandibular region as well as the self-perception of fatigue, difficulty and level of performance during instrumental practice when using a face mask. To analyze their influence in relation to the duration of practice. METHODS: Observational
study through the completion of a online questionnaire among students and teachers in public conservatories in Spain. RESULTS: In 552 respondents (435 students, 117 teachers), the incidence of headache was 28.6%, being higher in musicians who used the face mask. Regarding jaw pain, 12.5% indicated
that their pain increased since its use. However, the differences of pain in both regions and face mask use were not statistically significant. Nearly 40% of the participants indicated an increase in fatigue, tiredness and lowering of performance than before using the mask. Moreover, this
percentage was between 66-74% when we analyzed the musicians who use it when playing, obtaining p<0.001 in all 3 variables. As for the duration of rehearsals, the only difference found is between jaw pain and hours/week of practice (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: The use of the face mask significantly
affected the self-perception of fatigue, as well as the difficulty and performance of instrumental practice, but was not related to the occurrence of headache and jaw pain in the musicians.
Problematika Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Dan Pencapaian Gender Equality Dalam Sustainable Development Goals Di Indonesia
Authors: Munasaroh Anisa
Published: June 2023

Kesetaraan gender merupakan salah satu isu prioritas dalam visi pembangunan berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development Goals), diantaranya yaitu mewujudkan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender, memenuhi hak-hak perempuan, serta menghapuskan segala bentuk kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang selama ini terjadi disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah ketimpangan relasi gender, dimana perempuan menempati posisi subordinasi di bawah kedudukan laki-laki. Kekerasan berbasis gender, apabila tidak segera ditangani maka akan merugikan perempuan, terutama perempuan-perempuan kondisi rentan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika kekerasan gender dan pencapaian tujuan gender equality yang dicanangkan dalam butir Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Melalui pendekatan kritis penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengembangkan kesadaran kritis dalam menghadapi masalah-masalah terkait dengan kekerasan berbasis gender dalam dunia digital dan melakukan pemecahan terhadap masalah-masalah tersebut, khususnya ketimpangan-ketimpangan gender yang berakibat pada meningkatnya angka kekerasan berbasis gender. Tujuan gender equality yang diusung dalam SDGs memberikan atmosfer yang sangat kondusif, utamanya bagi perempuan agar mereka memperoleh rasa aman dan terhindar dari segala bentuk kekerasan ketika berada di ruang digital. SDGs juga dilengkapi dengan petunjuk pelaksanaan, sehingga hal tersebut memudahkan pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam mewujudkan kesetaraan gender. Namun disamping itu, peran pemerintah yang lain juga diperlukan, terutama dalam hal menyusun peraturan sebagai payung hukum yang akan menjerat tersangka dan melindungi korban, mengingat hukum yang ada saat ini cenderung bias terhadap gender.
MENINGKATAKAN LITERASI PEMASARAN MELALUI PEMANFAATAN MARKETPLACE PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA KAWASAN MURIA
Authors: Rahmawati Auliya , Imaduddin Muhamad
Published: June 2023

Desa Colo merupakan salah satu desa destinasi wisata alam dan religi Sunan Muria di Kecamatan Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya memiliki Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM). Era digitalisasi telah merubah pola bisnis yang dapat dilakukan oleh siapa saja, di mana saja, dan kapan saja. Salah satu peluangnya adalah pemanfaatan platform marketplace dalam pemasaran produk, baik produk milik sendiri maupun produk yang diperoleh dari produsen. Peningkatan teknologi pemasaran diperlukan untuk mengambil peluang bisnis sebagai tambahan penghasilan dan pendapatan bagi para ibu rumah tangga yang masih memiliki waktu luang dalam kesehariannya di Desa Colo. Kegiatan pengabdian ini merupakan program yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan  literasi teknologi pemasaran pada ibu rumah tangga (IRT) melalui pendampingan pemanfaatan platform marketplace. Peserta program berjumlah tujuh orang yang dipilih dengan kriteria IRT yang memiliki waktu luang, familiar dengan penggunaan smartphone, serta memiliki ketertarikan dalam melakukan usaha sampingan melalui jual beli online. Pelaksanaan program mencakup tahapan (1) Perencanaan; (2) Paparan materi dan ide bisnis; (3) Pemanfaatan platform digital marketplace; dan (4) Praktik penyelesaian masalah. Data diperoleh melalui dokumentasi dan observasi respon dan performa peserta pendampingan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa peserta pendampingan dapat memanfaatkan paltfor marketplace dan memahami penyelesaian pada problem dalam penggunaan platform marketplace.
Multilateral Wells to Control Water Inflow in Reservoir Connected to Active Underlying Aquifers: A Technical and Economic Analysis
Authors: Muñoz Mazo E. O. , Delgadillo Aya C. L. , Espinosa Leon C. , Rueda Lizarazo A. , Toro Agudelo L. , Naranjo Pacheco A. M. , Arango Gómez S. , Nava Ardila G. A. , Villasmil Montero J. A. , Manrique Ventura E. J.
Published: June 2023

In formations with good storage and flow capacity connected to underlying aquifers with strong water intrusion due to the absence of geological seals, conventional primary or enhanced production techniques do not seem to solve the aquifer's water encroachment problem. This work presents the technical and economic analysis of the use of wells with multilateral architectures as an alternative to overcome the uncontrolled water inflow from active aquifers and its consequences on oil productivity.

To analyze the production options of an area with strong water influx in a Colombian field, different configurations of multilateral wells were studied considering the governing flow mechanisms in the reservoir. To do so, a numerical simulation workflow was proposed, using local grid refinement analysis to guarantee the representativeness of the active aquifer inflow phenomenon and the operating parameters that maximize the performance of these wells were determined through sensitivity analysis.

The results of this study demonstrate the potential of the technology to increase oil production and ultimate oil recovery by adequately managing the drained water from the aquifer in a cost-effective manner. A well drilled in an unsealed area with strong aquifer inflow quickly exceeds the 99% water cut and must be shut after a cumulative production of only 40000 BBL of oil. This is the case of more than 5000 Mbbl of oil stored in Colombian fields, connected to very active aquifers that currently cannot be produced economically. Bilateral or multilateral well configurations allow, simultaneously, oil production in the interest area and the creation of a water drainage area below the oil-water contact. In this way, it is possible to mechanically control the water inflow to the oil-producing segment, keeping the water cut below the economic limit (99.5%), increasing the cumulative oil production, and extending its productive life. As for the drained water, there are several management options, either producing it to the surface or reinjecting it into a nearby (upper or lower) formation.

The results of the numerical analysis show that the oil production of a well located in an unsealed zone with strong water encroachment, can increase more than 7 times if the proposed drainage segment support is used in the multilateral configuration. It is possible to keep the water cut below the economic limit and increase the well productive life.
Polymer Flooding from Day One: Reservoir Modelling Challenges and Development Strategy Definition
Authors: Weisman I. , Thomann M. , Gamboa M. , Godino G. , Gandi S.
Published: June 2023

This paper describes two aspects of a polymer flooding project in a multilayer low-dipping, heavy oil reservoir (100 to 250 cp): reservoir numerical simulation and field development strategy. The field is produced only by discovery and delineation wells. The proposed development plan consists in applying EOR without a preceding water flooding.

The Upper Centenario formation lies completely within a water-oil transition zone due to its low structural dip and high oil viscosity. In order to simulate reservoir behavior, end point scaling was necessary. The simulation was used to perform production forecasts, defining the optimal development plan, and performing sensitivity analyses to different uncertain parameters.

A modular field development plan was proposed to reduce the capital exposure and facilities investment. The plan consists of developing the field with a fixed number of polymer injection units (hereafter, PIU), that is related to the fluid treatment capacity.

The field is at an early stage of development, thus having a relatively short production history and rather long well spacing. Therefore, simulation history matching process has multiple degrees of freedom. Sensitivities to static and dynamic parameters were performed such as: net to gross ratio, oil-water contact, relative permeabilities, etc. Also, sand displacement was detected during the well completion, producing reservoir self-stimulation. Additional sensitivity was considered to evaluate its impact.

Due to high water-oil mobility ratio, EOR development without a water flooding stage was decided. A modular EOR development in three stages using 5 PIU with 10 polymer injection wells each one, was proposed, starting from zones with the highest expected recovery. The pattern array is 5-spot with 200-250 m well spacing. Injection time/volume is decided to optimize the project NPV, moving the PIU afterwards to a new zone.

The modular development reduces the maximum capital exposure (maximum downside exposure, hereafter, MDE) and facilities investment, thus improving the project economics in comparison to full field simultaneous development. Also, modular strategy will allow us to perform better risk management.

The present work shows a methodology to simulate a complex reservoir in an early development stage and perform several forecast scenarios.

The paper demonstrates how the modular strategy approach reduces the MDE and helps to mitigate risk.
Digital Innovation for Fault Diagnosis and Control of Sensor Variables. Reduction in Operational Time and Cost in Run-In-Hole
Authors: Mateus D. , Ramírez H. , Cruz J. , González C. , Pinilla J.
Published: June 2023

The Oil and gas industry is continuously searching for a digital transformation and evolution to Industry 4.0. It plans to complement it whit cutting-edge technologies that positively impacts the installation processes of electro submersible pumping systems (ESP).

A few years ago, there wasn't a system capable of giving continuous and on real time ESP downhole diagnosis during Run in Hole operations under any weather conditions and without interruption, situation that usually generated nonproductive times, by not having the ability to identify an electrical fault at the instant it occurred.

To reduce periodic stops of the drilling RIG and not to prolong working hours checking electrical conditions, a digital solution was developed with real-time failure identification warning of any electrical and mechanical condition associated with the system (CABLE-MOTOR-SENSOR) during installation. The system is composed by wireless connection to obtain background sensor data reading, with instantaneous fault indicator and web interface, in addition to downloadable data logging that is compatible without connectivity limits for Smartphones and Laptops.

By using the system while installing, the time of exposure of personnel to electrical and mechanical risks is reduced by 75% from 4 hours to 1 hour per service and a considerable saving of 16% was obtained in the total time of completion under normal conditions; in the event of an electrical failure with immediate detection, a saving of up to 40% could be achieved. Considering the volume of operations in the country, an economic benefit of US$ $840,000 per year can be obtained. The development and implementation tests were successful, and it was determined to expand the use of the tool during services to increase customer benefits and reduce non-productive times.
Induced Flow Geometries During Steam Injection in Unconsolidated Sand in Heavy and Extra-Heavy OiI Fields in Mexico
Authors: Cinco-Ley H. , Chavez S. , Aguilera R.
Published: June 2023

This objective of this paper is to demonstrate that transient linear flow is the dominant behavior in unconsolidated sands performing under steam injection in Mexico.

It has been observed in the past and there is evidence from fall-off tests that all wells injecting water in unconsolidated sands that store heavy oil exhibit a condition similar to being fractured. Apparently, this is the result of high mobility around the fracture. Something similar can occur during the processes of cyclic steam and continuous steam injection in unconsolidated sands. This is investigated in detail in this paper with different types of transient pressure tests.

The paper presents the analysis of falloff, injection and interference tests carried out in steam injection wells in an unconsolidated sand that stores extra-heavy oil. Subsequent to a series of steam injection cycles, the well exhibited a transient pressure behavior that is characteristic of linear geometry. The boundary of the linear flow behavior is associated with the extra-heavy oil zone not affected by steam. Furthermore, subsequent to a period of continuous gas injection (as opposed to the previous cyclic gas injection), it was observed that linear flow was prevalent again. In addition, an interference test was carried out between the injection well and another well producing from the same unconsolidated sand. The interference pressure signal at short times showed a behavior that corresponds to linear flow. The test also permitted to estimate the compressibility of the unconsolidated sandstone. Based on the evidence collected during the different tests, the conclusion is reached that during the processes of steam cyclic and steam continuous injection, a channel of high oil mobility was generated by the viscosity contrast of water and extra-heavy oil. This channel is limited by oil zones not affected by steam.

The novelty of the paper is demonstrating that transient linear flow is prevalent throughout the fall-off, injection and interferences tests in the Mexican unconsolidated sand. It is likely that the same observation might have application is other unconsolidated sands undergoing steam injection.
Modeling Caprock Failure During Injection in a CO2 Capture and Storage Project Using a Compositional/Geochemical/Geomechanical Coupled Numerical Simulation
Authors: Alvarez Argenis , Mercado Diana , Salazar Victor
Published: June 2023

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in a geological formation is being implemented in different countries around the world as an alternative to reduce CO2 emissions from the atmosphere. To assess the CCS project implementation feasibility, it is necessary the assurance of the injected CO2 confinement considering the main trapping mechanism (e.g., structural trapping, residual gas or mineralization, etc.) and operational parameters like injection rate/pressure and caprock integrity.

The caprock integrity is the key to avoiding CO2leakage to the surface or overlying formations, like freshwater aquifers, due to the pressure increase during the CO2 injection. To mitigate the risk of caprock failure, a full compositional, geochemical and geomechanical coupling approach must be implemented to estimate the fluid flow, the gas solubility in the aqueous phase, the stress distribution and the deformation in the formations. As part of the CSS modelling, it is also necessary to optimize the operational parameters to inject the maximum volume of CO2 considering the caprock properties uncertainties.

In this work, we present an integrated methodology to mitigate the caprock failure risk in a CSS project using compositional/geomechanical coupled numerical simulation. In this methodology we show the main physical/chemical effects that must be considered in the reservoir model during the CCS modeling. Subsequently, a geomechanical model was coupled to the reservoir model, to consider the effect of the stress distribution changes on the caprock integrity. Finally, an optimization study was performed considering operating well constraints and well location looking for an increase of the volume of CO2 injected avoiding caprock failure.
Downhole Water Sink at High Mobility Ratio: The Tambaredjo Field Pilot Test
Authors: Niz-Velasquez E. , Nagesar H. S. , Bhajan R. V. , Nandlal B.
Published: June 2023

This study discusses the development and results of the Downhole Water Sink (DWS) pilot test in two wells of the Tambaredjo Field (Suriname). It includes the mechanical completion, design and execution of operating strategy, well performance and forecast, and reservoir simulation employing an oil-in-water emulsion formulation.

The DWS process, well and reservoir information and properties are introduced. The problem of heavy oil production in oil-water contact (OWC) areas is explained. The results in terms of production data and its analysis, and issues encountered, are presented. A reservoir simulation model capable to handle transport of oil components in water phase is described and used to history-match the production performance. Then, conclusions are drawn from the information presented.

Although the water sink is expected to work under stable displacement conditions, the results of the pilot test show that DWS could successfully reduce water coning at the prevalent unstable mobility ratio. It also promoted inverted coning of oil from the transition zone to the water leg completion. This was confirmed by direct measurements of oil content in the fluid produced from the water leg completion. The physical mechanism that allows such phenomenon is hypothesized to be the flow of oil droplets of size smaller than that of the typical pore throat. Such mechanism was numerically modeled and found to be consistent with the pressure and rate measurements at both wells. Early measurement and completion issues in the first well were overcome later on and in the second well.

This paper presents the first results for DWS in a heavy oil reservoir with highly adverse mobility ratio. The results will serve as a guidance for implementation of DWS in heavy oil reservoirs overlying an oil-water contact.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Inside of Rock Physics Modelling, Case of Study in Tight Sand Reservoir.
Authors: Bassoult L. A. Castellanos
Published: June 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have made log reconstruction process much easier, faster, and economical by means of learning through uncounted experiences from already explored and developed reservoirs, their rock properties, and the cross-ponding fluid flow behavior under different circumstances and hence, predicts accordingly. AI doesn't require prior knowledge of the petrophysical response equations and is self-calibrating. There are no parameters to pick or cross-plots to make. There is very little user intervention and AI avoids the problem of ‘garbage in, garbage out’ (GIGO), by ignoring noise and outliers. AI programs work with an unlimited number of electrical logs, core and gas chromatography data; and don't ‘fall-over’ if some of those inputs are missing. Quantitative seismic petrophysical interpretation is the skillful integration of geophysical, geological, petrophysical, reservoir engineering, and production data in the predictive determination of reservoir properties, such as rock-fluid properties and fluid contacts. It predicts reservoir extent and development away from the wellbore, and it is used to optimize well placement and to support appraisal and field development planning. (Applied Techniques to Integrated Oil and Gas Reservoir Characterization A Problem-Solution Discussion with Geoscience Experts 2021, Pages 233-248). In Seismic petrophysics the rocks must first be classified according to principles that tend to consider petrophysical, compositional, and textural parameters simultaneously. Careful editing and conditioning of well-log data are two of the first steps in the seismic petrophysics workflow. Even moderately inaccurate information about the elastic rock properties in situ can generate significant errors in rockphysics and, hence, in synthetic seismic models later, during the quantitative seismic analysis (Smith, 2011). The mathematical techniques used by the AI include neural networks, genetic algorithms, random forests and fuzzy logic.

Since we wanted to have a better control in the development of wells within the field under study, a seismic inversion was carried out, knowing the importance of the P and S velocity logs, the need arose to control the input information for the modeling of elastic properties, certain wells lacked information on S waves, for which reason this exercise was carried out, in order to validate what was predicted by rock physics modelling (RPM).

In this paper we will discuss the use of AI, polynomial and rockphysics models, for construction of elastic properties modelling logs in a tight sand reservoir (S velocity).
Water Conformance While Fracturing, Lessons Learned from 37 Jobs in the Oriente Basin of Ecuador
Authors: Izurieta Alvaro Javier , Padilla Wilson Leonardo , Barragan Linda Marielisa
Published: June 2023

This study describes water conformance fundamentals and the uses of relative permeability modifiers (RPM) in stand-alone water control, chemical diverter during acid stimulation, fluid loss control pill (FLCP), and, conformance while fracturing (CWF) treatments. Local examples or references are included when possible. CWF operations, the focus of this study, are explained in more detail including the different approaches on how to pump the HRPM stage depending on the area to be treated. The CWF design process is described with recommendations on candidate selection, core flooding tests, and, reservoir simulation practices.

A total of 37 jobs have been executed from 2014 to 2022. Production results (fluid rate and water cut) for these wells are presented. The data is analyzed by HRPM volume, reservoir, and, water cut variation after CWF. Wells with reduction or slightly increasing water cut are related to volumetric reservoirs, layered formations, and, reservoirs with weak aquifers.

Wells with high water cut located near water intrusion, high water saturation, or active waterdrive, a significant water cut increase was observed despite the use of high HRPM volume. This variability in results demonstrates the need for extensive simulation and laboratory testing before implementation to improve repeatability and hence the chance of success of a CWF job.

All the cases presented uses the pre-pad technique in matrix regime for CWF. Other pumping approaches (Minifrac, Pre-pad, Pad in fracture regime, or HRPM pumped during the entire fracture treatment) cases are recommended for higher water cut cases.

Finally, a proposed treatment to stimulate oil zones that requires hydraulic fracturing with an underlying water zone is described. This technique consists of a double barrier to control water production. A rigid gel disk at or slightly above the water-oil contact (WOC) and an extended CWF treatment in the oil zone.
First Exploratory Multilateral Project in Colombia: Taking Exploration to the Limit, Reducing Environmental Impact
Authors: Jaramillo L. F. , Campos N. , Sanchez J. J. , Jimenez L. M. , Acevedo H. G.
Published: June 2023

The oil and gas industry needs continuously improving in the exploration and extraction methods with a special care and strong compromise to maintain the equilibrium with environment. Based on that mission, and in compliance with the Parex Resources Greenhouse Gases and Climate strategy, Parex Resources executed the first multilateral drilling project in Colombia. It was an ambitious and challenging exploration campaign. The goal was to improve the exploration area by drilling multiples branches through different geological units and total vertical depths (TVD) into an overpressured naturally fractured field. The field presented a complex geological and structural environment. Expectations were high for both drilling optimization and formation evaluation of a compartmentalized reservoir, looking to cover the highest extension while drilling fewer wells from the surface.

Considering the level of the challenge ahead, the solution was articulated in three critical fronts:Develop a vigorous planning with service company and operator engineering team for casing design, mud weight window and system, bottomhole assembly (BHA) design, and fit for purpose technology for directional drilling operations.Include a full set of logging data with reliable logging-while-drilling (LWD) tools and advanced mud logging services to fulfill geology requirements, as no wireline logging was planned due to constrains in a horizontal borehole.Implement well placement services with the most experienced team to geo-steer based on real-time data completely integrated for precise interpretation.

The operational efficiency achieved was beyond expectations in all areas of well construction, not to mention the project cost reduction through the multilateral approach, preventing to drill three wells from surface. In this case, three different geological compartments were explored from one surface location. This innovative exploration approach also brought important gains on the environmental impact as surface operations were dramatically minimized compared to conventional exploration. This strategy helped the operator and service company to reduce the carbon footprint, simply by reducing the number of wells and operational days needed to explore new fields.
Development and Application of Water and Polymer Injection Control Valves Including Memory Recording of Flow and Pressure to Improve Secondary Recovery Surface and Downhole for Completion Using Side Pocket Mandrels: Case Histories
Authors: Torne Juan Pablo , Prada Alvaro , Parra Marly Fabiola , Munoz Lina Raquel , Acosta Tito Jose , Berdugo Carlos Fernando , Gonzalez John Edison , Penuela Gabriela , Perez Gerson Saul , Hernandez Nini Joana , Gomez Ivan Camilo , Diaz Fabian Andrey
Published: June 2023

The control of water and polymer injection in secondary recovery processes in multilayer reservoirs is important to optimize and control the process to maintain reservoir pressure, displacement of residual oil and sustaining production from oil fields. Injection control and monitoring technology for surface and downhole has been developed focused on procedures to maintain efficiency and cost control which is critical for mature fields.

Water and polymer Injection control special valves and different control modules including multiple stages of reducers and expansion chambers and barriers or panels to reduce flow speed have been designed, model, manufactured and used after being patented together with Ecopetrol. They also include flow and pressure parameters recording for better control of the process. The use of polymers for injection processes has proven to be effective in improving recovery, however, it is necessary to guarantee the integrity of the polymer reducing viscosity degradation by controlling the mechanical design to reduce friction and control pressure drop and injection flow.

In general, the system has proven to be highly reliable, nearly 1,000 water modules have been installed, they operate within the requirements and flow design required according to reservoir conditions and known differential pressures optimizing cost and sweep efficiency. The extension of polymer injection project also include the use of these valves predicting damage for better design and optimization. On average, the regulators have a duration of 1-4 years, which is very positive for additional installation and removal services and spare parts cost optimization. In general, the system has fulfilled the objective of improving the injection of water and polymer efficiency at a lower price of the equipment without counting the extension of the life time of each national manufacturing module, this fact combined with improvements in the efficiency of the entire process is reflected in greater profitability. The addition of a memory recording module for pressure and injection rate is important for surveillance and follow up maintaining and optimizing injection and production.

This paper shows the added value of using water or polymer injection selective valves for multilayer and heavy oil reservoirs to improve and stabilize production and injection rates, having also the option to monitor and record the dynamic/static pressure and injection rate. This is novel a tool for reservoir and production/injection engineers to optimize enhanced oil recovery in heavy oil and mature fields.
Innovative Design and Numerical Simulation Research of Downhole Electrical Heaters for In-Situ Oil Shale Exploitation
Authors: Sun Tengfei , Liu Hao , Yan Tingjun , Zhang Yang , Wu Baokang , Liu Ziyang , Wang Zhilei , Fan Yacong , Li Yongan , Han Yongliang
Published: June 2023

To improve the overall performance of continuous spiral baffle heating systems, we propose in this paper two different structural models of electric heaters for in-situ shale oil wells. The models are simulated using Fluent software to investigate the flow and heat-transfer characteristics under different mass flow rates. The variation in heat-transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and overall performance of the heating plate under different gas mass flow rates and heights of heating and shielding plates are analyzed. The performance of the two different heater structures is compared with Wang’s laboratory experiment. The results show that Model I of the heating system has the best overall performance when the gas mass flow rate is between 9.74×10−3 kg/s and 1.624×10−2 kg/s, and the height of the heating and shielding plates is 35 mm at a mass flow rate of 9.74×10–3 kg/s. Wang’s pressure drop (ΔP) is more than 2.48 times higher than that of Model I and more than 6.49 times higher than that of Model II, while the heat-transfer coefficient (h) of both Model I and Model II is increased by more than 15% compared to Wang’s experiment. The overall performance (g) of Model II is increased by more than 5.7 times compared to Wang’s experiment, and the overall performance (g) of Model II is increased by more than 1.68 times compared to Model I. These results provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the design of continuous spiral baffle heating systems.