bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ISOLATION OF STIGMASTEROL AND GASTROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE ETHYL ACETATE PORTION FROM ACACIA NILOTICA LINN (FABACEAE) SEEDS
Authors: Muhammad M. J. , Mann A. , Fadipe L. A. , Kamdem M. H. K. , Mmutlane E. M. , Ndinteh D. T.
Published: March 2023

Acacia nilotica Linn is used traditionally in the treatment of various diseases, such as diarrhea, ulcer, dysentery, asthma, inflammation and cancer. The present study aimed at isolation and characterization of a steroidal compound and evaluating the gastroprotective activity of the ethyl acetate portion of A. nilotica seeds in indomethacin-induced ulcer model. Fractionation of the ethyl acetate portion using standard chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of a compound (B2-I) which on further purification and characterisation using physical, chemical and spectral analysis, and by comparison with literature values was identified as stigmasterol. The effect of ethyl acetate portion of A. nilotica on experimentally induced ulcer was dose-dependent with curative ratios of 40%, 60% and 75% at concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weights respectively. It significantly (P<0.05) decreased free and total acidity and increased the pH of gastric juice with respect to the indomethacin treated group. This justifies the ethnomedicinal use of A. nilotica seed as an antiulcer agent. The study recommends that A. nilotica seeds be evaluated against other ulcer models such as ethanol and stress induced ulcers.
SOLVENT-FREE PREPARATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF METAL (II) COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM CLOXACILLIN
Authors: Jibril S. , Saje B. A. , Musa I. , Dahuwa D. , Maigari H. U.
Published: March 2023

The authors use an environmental friendly, solvent-free method to prepare metal (II) complexes of cloxacillin and to determine the activity of the complexes. The complexes are more active against the bacteria isolates than the free cloxacillin. The spectral studies showed the cloxacillin (ligand) as monobasic bidentate material that form a complex with metal ion through the carbonyl of amide and carboxylate groups of carboxylic acid, microanalysis results prove that the ligand to metal ratio is 2:1. The researchers recommend the use of solvent-free drugs in the manufacture of metal (II) complexes of active pharmaceutical ingredients to avoid the excessive use of solvents that cause global problems.
APPLICATION OF PRINCIPLES AND TOOLS IN GREEN CHEMISTRY TO EDUCATION USING ROSE FLOWER EXTRACT AS ACID-BASE INDICATOR.
Authors: OLANREWAJU A. O. , ADEOSUN N. O
Published: March 2023

Currently, there is increasing awareness in global sustainability. To make sure that prospective generations of chemists are fortified with appropriate knowledge on how to safeguard the earth for future generations, substantial efforts and variations in educational programs/curriculum at our various institutions will be needed. Green Chemistry is considered as significant tool to control the rise of hazardous chemicals, encourages revolution of product that are eco-friendly and economically stable. Synthetic chemical used in the laboratory as indicator for acid- base titrations can be switched to using the natural indicators from various flower extract and as well gives accurate results. This study therefore applied the concept of green chemistry principles and tools into chemistry learning to produce acid-base indicator from Rose flower (Rosa sp.) extract by extraction method, then macerated and extracted again in ethanol, n-hexane and chloroform respectively, It was tested in solution of pH 1-12 and found out that Rosa sp is a good replacement for phenolphthalein, methyl red, etc. indicators for different acid and bases. It is then concluded that natural indicators are substitute to synthetic indicator. This therefore reflects green chemistry principles 1, 4, 5, 7, and 12, respectively. The flower is eco-friendly, simple to prepare, pollution free, harmless to health and inert. It was then recommended that institutions should (1) Create awareness of green chemistry principles and tools to their Chemistry students (2) Enforce their Chemistry lecturers to imbibe the use of natural indicators for their various titrations carried out in the institution laboratory to promote sustainable development.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND FTIR CHARACTERISATION OF THE OIL EXTRACTED FROM AVOCADO SEED
Authors: Girigisu S. , Salman A. , Shittu F.B. , Salawu A. O.
Published: March 2023

Oil from avocado seed was extracted via the AOAC standard method using n-hexane as the extracting agent. The main physico-chemical properties evaluated for includes saponification value, free fatty acid, iodine value, peroxide value, acid value and refractive index. The results revealed that the saponification value (mg KOH/g), acid value (mg KOH/g), iodine value (mg iodine/100g), peroxide value (mg/peroxide/kg), Free fatty acid(%), specific gravity and refractive index were found to be 150.348; 0.366; 3.81g/100g; 14 Meq/kg , 0.1833, 0.88g/cm3 and 1.447 respectively. The low acid value obtained of the oils shows the oil is an edible one. High saponification value obtained revealed that the oil has great potential in industrial applications such as cosmetics and soap making. The iodine values obtained from this research indicates that it is a non-drying oil and also suggest that the oil contain few unsaturated bonds while low peroxide value is an indication that the oil will have low susceptibility to rancidity and deterioration. The FTIR analysis also reveal the oil to contain basic functional group which include the CH2 asymmetric stretching of (2855.1 cm-1 -2922.2 cm-1), C=O stretching of carbonyl group (1744.4 cm-1) and C-H scissor stretching of alkane (1162.9 cm-1- 1461.1 cm-1)
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AJALI RIVER STRETCH IN ENUGU, ENUGU STATE NIGERIA
Authors: Nwerem J. O. , Ejikeme E. M. , Ekere N. R. , Ibeto C. N.
Published: March 2023

This work studied the physiochemical properties of Ajali River polluted with Industrial effluent at different sampling points from -250m upstream before the pollution to 2250m downstream. Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for the statistical analysis. Post ANOVA test was used to determine if there is any significant difference between the means and at which distance the difference occurred. A measuring wheel and Global Positioning System (GPS) were used for the exact locations studied. The azide-Winkler method was used for DO determination, while the five-day incubation method was used for BOD. It was observed that there was a significant difference (p˂0.005) between the means of the properties across the sampling points. Dissolve Oxygen was found to be higher in the rainy season with a range of 3.82±0.47 to 7.70±0.40. Biochemical Oxygen demand was equally higher in the rainy season with a range of 2.05±0.02 to 5.02±0.41. Chemical Oxygen demand was higher in the rainy season with a range of 6.20±0.12 to 15.04±0.03. It was observed that the effect of the pollution decreased along the sampling points away from the point of discharge to the stream suggesting that the river has a natural tendency to purify itself.
LUPEOL AND LAURIC ACID ISOLATED FROM ETHYL ACETATE STEM EXTRACT OF Justicia secunda AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Bako B. , Ushie O. A. , Malu S. P.
Published: March 2023

The method of cold maceration was used in the extraction of Justicia secunda starting with a non-polar (hexane) to a more polar solvent. The crude extracts of hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol from the stem of were obtained using the polarity guided cold extraction method. Lupeol and Lauric acid are two well-known compounds that were discovered when a portion of the ethyl acetate extract of J. secunda was subjected to spectroscopic (1H NMR) structural elucidation. Based on the presence of Lupeol and Lauric acid in J. secunda stem, the plant could be a viable source of antimicrobial agents in the near future. The results of the antimicrobial activity obtained from the fractions of the Stem inhibited or exhibited activity against Methicillin resist Staph aureus, Vancomycin resistant enterococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter fetus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. The plant J. secunda traditionally employed in the treatment of anemic circumstance, blood boost, wound healing, abdominal pain and fertility issues. The overall results confirm the significance of the use of the plant in traditional medicinal treatment of anamic circumstances, blood boost, wound healing etc, in line with reported claims because of the presence of isolated compounds.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF Andrographis paniculata, Tithonia diversifolia and Macrosphyra Longistyla
Authors: Adesina A. D. , Akintobi D. E. , Banjo O. O. , Apeh G. O.
Published: March 2023

Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Glycosides, Terpenoids and Steroids distribution in Andrographis paniculata, Tithonia diversifolia and Macrosphyra longistyla were assessed in a non-polar solvent. All the plants were found to contain these phytochemicals except for the absence of flavonoids in A. paniculata and alkaloids in M. longistyla. The presence of these phytochemicals showing potential disease-preventive properties indicates that the leaves of A. paniculata, T. diversifolia and M. longistyla could serve as basic ingredients in drug making for use in treatment of various ailments.
COMPARATIVE CHAINS DYNAMICS OF TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE INVESTIGATED BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION
Authors: Yusuff O. K. , Omotosho K. , Raji A.T.
Published: March 2023

Triosephosphate isomerase is an enzyme which catalyzes the inter-conversion between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the fifth step of the glycolytic pathway. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation technique was employed to investigate the dynamics of the two monomer chains of triosephosphate isomerase of trypanosoma brucei brucei (TbTIM) using GROMACS 2016.04 software. The MD simulation of the x-ray structure of TbTIM was performed using the GROMOS 9643a1 force field and simple point charge water model under isothermal-isobaric condition with periodic boundary conditions imposed on x, y, z directions. The Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) Root Mean Square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of Gyration (ROG), Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) and hydrogen bonds were computed. The RMSD values indicate that chain-B shows transition between two conformational states with higher RMSD value of 0.45 nm when compared to chain-A with RMSD of 0.27 nm. The RMSF values indicates that residues of loop 6 (residues 166 to 177) have the highest fluctuations in both chains compared to other residues with chain-A having higher fluctuations peak. The ROG values of chain-A varies from 1.675 nm to 1.761 nm while that of chain-B varies from 2.480 nm to 2.590 nm implying that chain-A is more compact during the simulation than chain-B. The SASA values indicates that chain-B has more contact with solvent than chain-A. 160 hydrogen bonds were found which indicates the stability of the protein during the simulation. From the RMSD, ROG, SASA values, it is evident that chain-B of triosephosphate isomerase of trypanosoma bruceibrucei displayed greater structural dynamics than chain-A during the MD simulation.
Efectos de las ventajas competitivas empresariales de las PYMES florícolas de Cotopaxi: un acercamiento a la gestión de capital intelectual
Authors: Pérez Ulloa Karina Maribel , Díaz Basantes María Belén , Caisa Yucailla Elias David
Published: March 2023

Las empresas pymes del Ecuador presentan problemáticas como cambios sociales, económicos y culturales debido a la escasa inversión de activos intangibles y recursos avanzados como otros países. Por tal razón, como objetivo se pretende analizar los factores que influyen a las ventajas competitivas empresariales de las pymes florícolas de Cotopaxi ante la gestión del capital intelectual. Se aplicó una encuesta de 30 empresas florícolas en la provincia del Cotopaxi y el análisis factorial exploratorio. Como resultado, reveló dos componentes percibidos por los encuestados respecto al capital intelectual: capital humano (CPHM) y capital estructural (CPET). Sin embargo, existen falencias en la dimensión de capital estructural de personal con experiencia y desempeño satisfactorio (0,571), motivación al personal (0,257), personal calificado y competente (0,434), procesos productivos y relaciones con los proveedores (0,443). El capital intelectual influye frente a la ventaja competitiva forma parte de las empresas florícolas, permite el posicionamiento dentro del mercado.
Contraceptive Usage and Social Barriers During The Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Mustafa Rozina , Anjum Munaver Sagheera ,   Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, Munaver Anjum ,   Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: March 2023

Objective: To determine the frequency of contraceptive usage, the social barriers affecting their use, and the frequency of unplanned pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic Methodology: This is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College & PAF Hospitals from July 2020 to September 2020. All women of reproductive age attending the outpatient department were consecutively included. A pre-structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of collection of data. We obtained information regarding the use of contraception before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and the contraception methods used by these women. Furthermore, reasons for discontinuing contraception amongst those women who were using it earlier. The occurrence of pregnancy during pandemic was also noted. Results: Of the 350 women, 306 (87.4%) women practiced contraception before and 288 (82.3%) practiced it during the lockdown. Of 306 women practicing contraception before the lockdown, 265 (86.6%) continued practicing during the lockdown as well. Condom 145 (50.3%) and withdrawal method 116 (40.3%) were the most used methods amongst the 288 women practicing contraception during the lockdown. The noticeable increase in the number of those using withdrawal method was due to the lack of consultation following the fear of getting COVID (17 women, 41.5%) and no access to the clinic (14 women, 34.1%). These were the most common reasons for not using contraception, amongst the 41 women practicing contraception before the pandemic. Pregnancies were reported by 93 (26.6%) women out of whom 75 (80.6%) reported these to have been unplanned. Conclusion: The COVID pandemic has largely affected the utilization of contraceptives among women who were already practicing different contraceptive methods. Moreover, unplanned pregnancies are increasingly reported by women.
Health: the tool to solve the healthcare dilemma
Authors:   SPACE RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, Jordanova Malina
Published: March 2023

Brought to life by contemporary changes of our world, eHealth offers enormous possibili-ties. It is defined as the cost-effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of health health-related fields, including healthcare services, health surveillance, health literature, and health education by the World Health Assembly resolution on eHealth. It is impossible to have a detailed view of its potential as eHealth affects the entire health sector and is a viable tool to provide routine as well as specialized health services. It is able to improve both the access to and the standard of healthcare. The aim of this paper is to focus on how eHealth can help in closing the gap between need and demand in healthcare and thus solving the healthcare dilemma.
Research on the likelihood ratio of registered unidentified signals of satellite environmental monitoring of atmosphere
Authors:   NATIONAL MILITARY UNIVERSITY ", K. Baev Georgi ,   VASIL LEVSKI"
Published: March 2023

Optical studies from the board of satellites are among the most informative. From space, in certain narrow spectral windows of the atmosphere environmental monitoring of the atmosphere is possible to be implemented. Objects of study are natural sources of environmental pollution and anthropogenic sources of pollution.
Special characteristics of spare
Authors:   Vasil Levski National Military University, Shumen: Shumen, 9700, BG, Kalev Krasimir
Published: March 2023

Some aspects in the problem of management inventory system for spare elements are presented in this paper. The life cycle management of spare elements and their special characteristics is considered in the inventory process. The machine time-down divided with partial weighing range is shown. Emphasis is on the delivery time of spare elements, as the main reason for a fast repair of the failing machine. It’s therefore necessary to predict the demand for spare elements.
Economic aspects for evaluation of logistic systems
Authors:   OZHI LTD, SHUMEN, Tsanev Tsanko
Published: March 2023

The economic aspects of evaluation of logistic systems are presented in the paper and factors for differentiated evaluation of the financial state, purchasing power, the population with its number and ethnicity and specific preferences, the mass consumption in the region, the trade in the country and abroad, variety, quality and the corresponding competitive price.
TETRAHEDRAL COMPLEX OF Cr3+ AND Cr4+ IONS IN Bi12SiO20
Authors: Petkova Petya
Published: March 2023

Absorption measurement is taken in the visible spectral region (650 – 1300 nm). The dopants Cr3+ and Cr4+ ions occupy the tetrahedral sites in the crystal lattice of doped sillenite. The energy level structure of these ions in Bi12SiO20:Cr (BSO:Cr) are presented. The Dq-, B- and C-parameters of the crystal field theory for the Cr3+ and Cr4+ ions were obtained. The spin-coupling energy is also calculated for the chromium ions.
SYNTHESIS OF AMINO DERIVATIVES OF MONOTHIO- AND DITHIO- ANALOGUES OF CYCLOHEXANESPIRO-5-HYDANTOIN
Authors:   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, Marinov Marin
Published: March 2023

This article presents methods for synthesis of 3-amino derivatives of cyclohexanespiro-5-(2-thiohydantoin) and cyclohexanespiro-5-(2,4-dithiohydantoin). It was found out that the treatment of cyclohexanespiro-5-(2-thiohydantoin) with hydrazine hydrate under different reaction conditions led to obtaining of 3-amino derivative and 2-hydrazone of the initial compound. As a result of thionation of 3-aminocyclohexanespiro-5-hydantoin with P4S10 or Lawesson’s reagent, the corresponding dithio-analogue was synthesized. The structures of the products obtained were verified by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data.
IN VIVO PHYTOTOXICOLOGICAL STUDY OF CYCLOPENTANESPIRO-5-HYDANTOIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES TOWARDS SOME CULTURAL AND NON-CULTURAL PLANTS
Authors:   FACULTY OF PLANT PROTECTION AND AGROECOLOGY, AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY – PLOVDIV, H. Ganchev Donyo , N. Marinov Marin , E. Marinova Petja , V. Krustev Stefan , R. Zlateva Milena , I. Atanasova Nadezhda , M. Stoyanov Neyko
Published: March 2023

This paper represents ecotoxicoilogical study about phytotoxic action of cylopentanespiro-5-hydantion, cyclopentanespiro-5-(2,4-dithiohydantoin) and 1-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid towards cultural and non-cultural plants conducted in accordance of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development standards for such kind investigation. The dose-response modeling was conducted with R language for Statistical Computing and drc package.
DETERMINATION OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS OF THE IMPACT OF POLLUTANTS INTO WATER BODIES
Authors:   Angel Kanchev University of Ruse, Department of Ecology and Environment Studies, V. Filipova Margarita
Published: March 2023

The advantages and disadvantages of the current limit concentrations (PDC) have been analysed as they do not fully reflect the impact of alien substances on water in aquatic ecosystems. A relatively simple method for determining integral doses in multifactorial contamination of water bodies has been proposed.
RESEARCH ON THE LIKELIHOOD RATIO OF REGISTERED UNIDENTIFIED SIGNALS OF SATELLITE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING OF ATMOSPHERE
Authors:   NATIONAL MILITARY UNIVERSITY ", K. Baev Georgi ,   VASIL LEVSKI"
Published: March 2023

Optical studies from the board of satellites are among the most informative. From space, in certain narrow spectral windows of the atmosphere environmental monitoring of the atmosphere is possible to be implemented. Objects of study are natural sources of environmental pollution and anthropogenic sources of pollution.
Content of vol. 3, 2013
Authors:   Konstantin Preslavsky University of Shumen, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Boyanov Petar
Published: March 2023

Content of vol. 3, 2013
GEREJA TAMAN DAN GAME ONLINE: TANGGUNG JAWAB GEREJA DALAM PEMBINAAN SPIRITUALITAS JEMAAT DI TENGAH PERKEMBANGAN PERMAINAN MOBILE LEGENDS BANG-BANG
Authors: Sitorus Yohannes Ali Sandro
Published: March 2023

Permainan daring Mobile Legends: Bang-bang (MLBB) banyak digemari oleh anak muda di Indonesia; termasuk pemuda gereja. Kendati banyak penggemarnya, permainan tersebut nyatanya dianggap buruk karena ada ancaman adiksi bagi para pemainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengajak gereja-gereja di Indonesia peka dan memberdayakan perkembangan teknologi digital seperti permainan MLBB, guna melakukan pembimbingan spiritual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bagwa dasar yang menjadi landasan eklesiologis adalah gereja model taman yang diajukan oleh Joas Adiprasetya. Dengan model taman, perkembangan spiritual anggota gereja melalui game online seperti MLBB menjadi dimungkinkan.
AKTUALISASI LANGIT BARU DAN BUMI BARU MENURUT WAHYU 21:1-4 DALAM PENDIDIKAN PERDAMAIAN
Authors: Kayadoe Marlyn
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh realitas kehidupan di bumi yang semakin menggelisahkan karena meningkatnya kejadian negative seperti konflik horizontal yang dipicu oleh minimnya kesadaran dan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya menciptakan perdamaian di bumi. Alkitab menyaksikan bahwa perdamaian tidak tercipta dengan sendirinya, tapi diupayakan, dibangun, diciptakan oleh manusia. Hal ini tergambar jelas dalam konsep langit baru dan bumi baru menurut kitab Wahyu 21 : 1 – 4, yakni sebuah gambaran kehidupan yang baru, hubungan yang baru, keadaan yang baru dimana manusia hidup saling berdampingan satu dengan lainnya dalam kedamaian tanpa ada rasa takut, intimidasi, penindasan, kekerasan, kekacauan dan konflik. Butuh konsensus bersama semua pihak untuk mewujudkan kondisi tersebut. Dengan demikian perlu menumbuhkan kesadaran setiap individu melalui proses pendidikan perdamaian. Aktualisasi konsep langit baru dan bumi baru dalam pendidikan perdamaian adalah bagian penting dari upaya menciptakan perdamaian di bumi. Pemaknaan yang lebih mendalam tentang konsep ini akan memberi sebuah perspektif baru tentang perdamaian dan implementasinya dalam Pendidikan perdamaian. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan hermeneutik
Orbital Metastatic Tumour as Initial Manifestation of Asymptomatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lee Kelvin YC , Jap Aliza , Cheah Elizabeth , Looi Audrey
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Metastatic orbital tumour from gastric cancer is rare. Patients with metastatic disease may present initially to the ophthalmologist with symptoms from metastases instead of from the primary cancer.

Clinical Picture: We report a case, with clinicopathological correlation, of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma presenting first in the orbit with diplopia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the orbit showed a well-defined enhancing right intraconal tumour.
Treatment and Results: Excisional biopsy was performed and histopathology confirmed a metastatic adenocarcinoma. Focused gastrointestinal screening revealed an otherwise asymptomatic Stage IV gastric adenocarcinoma. Chemotherapy was initiated with good tumour response.
Conclusion: Early biopsy of unusual orbital tumours is critical as orbital metastases may be the initial manifestation of an asymptomatic primary. Histopathological diagnosis can aid localisation of the primary tumour and allow prompt treatment to be instituted.
Infected Pancreatic Necrosis – An Evaluation of the Timing and Technique of Necrosectomy in a Southeast Asian Population
Authors: Lee Victor TW , Chung Alexander YF , Chow Pierce KH , Thng Choon-Hua , Low Albert SC , Ooi London-Lucien PJ , Wong Wai-Keong
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Acute pancreatitis appears to be less prevalent in multi-ethnic Southeast Asia, where the aetiology also appears to be influenced by ethnicity. As with acute pancreatitis elsewhere, however, pancreatic necrosis is a cause of significant mortality and the aim of this study was to review our institutional experience with pancreatic necrosectomy.

Materials and Methods: The records of all patients who underwent pancreatic necrosectomy from January 2000 to December 2004 were analysed. Indications for surgery were the presence of infected necrosis, unresolving sepsis attributable to ongoing pancreatitis or the presence of gas in the pancreatic bed on imaging. Surgical debridement was achieved by debridement with closure over drains or by debridement with open packing.
Results: The cohort comprised 14 of 373 patients admitted for acute pancreatitis (3.8%), with an overall mortality rate of 29%. All patients had infected necrosis with positive bacteriological cultures. Eight patients (57%) underwent debridement with closure over drains and 6 patients (43%) underwent debridement with open packing. All mortalities occurred in patients who underwent open packing, who were also associated with a higher mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. The mortality rate in patients who underwent debridement less than 4 weeks after admission was 33% (2 of 6), compared with 25% (2 of 8) in patients who underwent debridement after 4 weeks. There were no mortalities in patients operated on after 6 weeks.
Conclusion: Surgical debridement with closure of drains and a policy of performing delayed necrosectomy are viable in our population.

Key words: Necrosectomy, Necrotising pancreatitis, Surgery
The Effect of Playdough Play on Early Childhood Fine Motor Improvement in Yogyakarta National Kindergarten
Authors:   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Darizal Darizal , Sutapa Panggung ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Suhartini Bernadeta ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sabillah Muhamad Ichsan ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Annasai Faza ,   Department of Sport Science, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of playing playdough on fine motor improvement in early childhood. This type of research is an experiment with desaian one group pre test and post test. The population in this study was 38 children from Yogyakarta National Kindergarten. The sample in this study was 10 people taken using purposive sampling techniques. The instruments used are to measure fine motor using (1) pattern thickening test, (2) coloring test, (3) memola test (4) cutting test, (5) bead meronce test with string thread. The data analysis technique used is the paired sample t-test. The results showed that there was a significant influence of playing playdough on the improvement of early childhood fine motor from the initial test and the final test there was an increase with a difference of 3.09 kg m / sec, namely from an average score of 9.3 in the pre-test to 15.1 in the post test, and strengthened by the results of the t test using a paired sample t-test with a t value of -7.127 and a p significance value of 0.000 < 0.05. The conclusion in this study is that there is a significant influence of playing playdough on the improvement of fine motor skills in early childhood, Yogyakarta National Kindergarten.
An Investigation of Academic Dishonesty among Undergraduates in Four Universities in Laos: Critical Analysis of Students’ Final Reports
Authors:   Faculty of Languages, Souphanouvong University, Laos, San Somephet , Silivanh Sommai ,   Office of Research and Academic Services, Souphanouvong University, Laos, Phannalath Vikhate ,   Faculty of Education, Souphanouvong University, Laos
Published: March 2023

The purposes of this study were to examine academic dishonesty, which focuses on plagiarism, in final reports written by English-majored students at four different faculties in four public universities and to study the in-text citations and references used in the final reports. A survey research was adopted in the current study, in which 80 final reports written by English-major students between 2014 and 2020 at four faculties—the faculty of languages (Souphanouvong University), the faculty of linguistics and humanities (Savannakhet University), the faculty of education (National University of Laos), and the faculty of education (Champasak University)—were collected through simple random selection. The Plagiarism Checker X was used to analyse and detect plagiarism in the students' final reports, and the number of plagiarized words and improper in-text citations and referencing are presented in the frequency. The results showed that 30,819 (67%) out of 45,999 words written by students at the faculty of languages (Souphanouvong University) were plagiarized, followed by 13,219 (63%) out of 20,982 words created by students at the faculty of education (Champasak University), and 27,735 (66%) out of 42,022 words were also cited as plagiarism at the faculty of linguistics and humanities (Savannakhet University). In contrast, only 9,674 (36%) out of 27,123 words written by students at the faculty of education (National University of Laos) were plagiarized. Another key finding of the current study is that 623 (76%) out of 926 references in the 80 manuscripts were checked and found to be inappropriately referenced, while 966 in-text citations were checked and showed that 45% (434 citations) were found to be incorrect.
Amazigh-Arabic Code Switching in Amazigh Radio Discourse: Frequency and Structure
Authors:   Department of English Studies, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000,Morocco., Driouch Aziz , Elghazi Mohamed ,   Department of English Studies, Faculty of Letters and Humanities, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000,Morocco.
Published: March 2023

Language contact has been one of the most interest-arousing disciplines for linguists, especially sociolinguists. The study of language contact explores mainly the nature and the outcome of the contact between languages or varieties in a bi- /multilingual setting. When speakers of different languages interact, they may use different varieties back and forth to convey and communicate their messages. This reciprocal interchange between two languages or varieties is called code-switching (CS hereafter). The present study attempts to document the nature of code switching between Amazigh and Arabic in the Amazigh radio discourse. The data of the study consists of three radio talk-shows that were aired in two different Amazigh radio broadcasts, so the source language is supposed to be Amazigh. The Amazigh variety involved in the talk-shows is Tashelhit as all the participants come from the Souss region where this variety is used. Therefore, we investigated the intervention of Arabic into the Amazigh discourse through CS. An integrated approach with both qualitative (structural analysis) and quantitative (frequency distribution) methods of analysis was adopted for the purpose of this paper. The results of the study reveal that the rate of Amazigh-Arabic CS is very high. It takes place at different discourse boundaries and involves various syntactic categories. It seems to be a natural linguistic behavior among Amazigh bilinguals. Besides, the analysis demonstrates that both Arabic and Amazigh interchange the role of matrix language (ML) and embedded language (EL) in the light of Myers-Scotton Matrix Language Frame (MLF) model (1993).
Workplace Hostility on Job Performance of Minorities. A Case Study of Selected Nigerian Force in Delta State
Authors:   Department of Business Administration,Faculty of Management Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria, Olusoji ARUBAYI Damaro
Published: March 2023

In recent times it has been observed that poor performance of employees at work is as a result of some form of workplace hostility such as discrimination and bullying. The study sought to examine the relationships between workplace hostility and Job performance of minorities using gender discrimination, ethnical discrimination and religious discrimination as independent variables that are exhibited by the employees of the selected Nigerian force, 222 battalion of the Nigerian army, Ughelli area command, and Nigerian Navy ship, these Nigerian law enforcement agencies was used as the case study. This study adopted a survey research design. Primary data were collected using the questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while the hypothesis was tested using the Pearson product-moment correlation (PPMC) at 0.05 level of significant. The study revealed that there is significant relationship between gender, religious and ethnical discrimination and job performance of minorities(employees). It was study it was concluded that workplace hostility has negative influence on job performance of minorities. It was recommended that training programs for personnel in the Nigerian force (Army, police and navy), and enforcement of policies by the Nigerian force, so that the nefarious act of discrimination will be gradually reduced and eliminated.
MIND MAPPING – NURSES THINKING OUTSIDE THE BOX
Authors: NJ *Dr. Vasudevan
Published: March 2023

Mind mapping is a way of linking key concepts using images, lines and links. A central concept is linked via lines to other concepts which in turn are linked with other associated ideas. It is similar as a technique to concept mapping and spider diagrams, the difference being that true mind mapping involves constructing a hierarchy of ideas instead of pure random association. A mind map can help you thinking in a more critical way and improve your problem-solving ability at the same time. A mind map is a valuable tool for team collaboration in a business group. Here are just a few illustrations of the purposes of a mind map. The actual possibilities of the uses of mind map are unlimited.
THE USAGE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND ITS EFFECT ON ADOLESCENT SLEEP PATTERNS: AN EVIDENCE BASED REVIEW
Authors: Vivian Francis Mrs. Cleofe , vati Dr. (Mrs) Jogindra
Published: March 2023

Electronic use before bedtime causes sleep disturbances in adolescents, and has also been shown to increase physiological, emotional or mental arousal. This evidence-based review aimed to explore the usage of technology among adolescents in bed and its negative impact on health. Methods: Pubmed / Medline and google scholar data bases were searched by the author to identify studies published from 2008 – 2021 covering adolescents using media at bedtime using key search terms such as insufficient sleep in adolescents, abnormal sleep patterns and unhealthy sleep habits. Results: The findings from the related articles show that the usage of technology among adolescents significantly affects the sleep quality and quantity. Insufficient sleep in adolescents has been linked to negative physiological consequences, including an increased risk of obesity, metabolic dysfunction, psychological and behavioral consequences such as an increased risk of anxiety, depression, mood disturbances, suicidal ideation, drug and alcohol use.
ASSOCIATION OF THE POSTTEST PRACTICE SCORE WITH SELECTED SOCIO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES TOWARDS PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS IN VELLORE DISTRICT, TAMILNADU.
Authors: kr Ms. Harinakshi , saxena Dr. Venu Lata
Published: March 2023

Quantitative research approach was used. A quasi-experimental two group pre-test and post-test was designed. The study was conducted on clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study population of interest in the research was all type 2 DM patients in Vellore district, Tamilnadu. This study was conducted over a period of 2 months, with control and the experimental group run simultaneously. One hundred samples in the experimental group and One hundred samples in control group were systematically assigned. This study was conducted over a period of 2 months, with control and the experimental group run simultaneously. One hundred samples in the experimental group and One hundred samples in control group were systematically assigned. Association on levels of practices among the experimental group shows that there was no significant association found between post-test levels of expressed practices score of patients with type 2 DM and selected demographic variables in type of food habits whereas there was association found with age in years, gender, type of family, occupation, family income, information obtained about mellitus and type of diabetes mellitus. Association of control group significant association found among age in years and occupation, No association found among type of gender, type of family, family income, information obtained about diabetes mellitus and type of diabetes mellitus.
TO DETERMINE THE FRACTURE AND ACCURACY BY USING TUNING FORK DIRECT TEST AND AUSCULTORY TUNING FORK TEST AMONG PATIENTS WITH STRESS FRACTURE
Authors: singh Dr. Kishore Jeba , Alagesan Dr. Jagatheesan , Blooshi Dr. Abdulla Al
Published: March 2023

Stress fractures results in micro trauma to the bone caused by repeated mechanical stress injuries. Stress fractures are common injuries in sports people the result of normal healthy bone being subjected to repetitive loading forces, while training. Normally assess clinically, physical exams like tenderness to palpation, focal temperature increases and pain with various tests like fulcrum, and a hop test. Radiographic confirmation of stress fractures includes X-ray, bone scintigraphy scan, CT, and MRI. However, MRI is expensive and may not be available in all hospitals and difficult to get the immediate appointments. The vibration of a tuning fork has been recommended as a way to locate and diagnose a stress fracture by inducing vibratory pain at the site of the injury. Many clinicians and sports physiotherapist were using tuning fork for initial diagnosis of fracture and stress injuries. The aim of this was to identify the correct techniques used for confirmation diagnosis of fractures using a tuning fork directly apply tests and stethoscope technique for the presence of fracture. Patients were selected all those diagnosed hairlines by X ray with stress fracture of the lower extremity bones who consented to participation. Once identified, eligible participants received a standard history and physical exam including palpation for tenderness and participants were asked to their pain. The fracture site was located from x ray and marked by an “x” on the skin. Two tests were followed by the researcher.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE ASSOCIATION OF POST TEACHING KNOWLEDGE SCORES OF IMPORTANCE OFEARLY INITIATION OF BREAST FEEDING WITH SELECTED DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AMONG PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS AT SELECTED RURAL AREAS OF BANGALORE.
Authors: mary Ms. Febi , kaur Dr. Harvinder
Published: March 2023

“Mothers are not dropped from heaven. They are born as undervalued, neglected girls and grow as exploited uneducated children. We must look at the suffering and disadvantages, would be mother has experienced. She must become self-confident and self-reliant and for that she needs to be educated and employed”. A report of Global strategy for infant and young child feeding, jointly developed by WHO& UNICEF (2000)says, “Malnutrition has been responsible directly or indirectly for 60%of the 10.9 million deaths annually, which are often associated with inappropriate feeding practices and occur during the first year of birth. Ingestion of unsafe water instead of breast milk contributes to about 1.5 million child deaths. AIM: the Association of post teaching knowledge scores of importance of early initiation of breast feeding with selected demographic variables SETTINGS AND DESIGN Pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design.200 primi gravida mothers who met sampling criteria were selected by using non-probability convenience sampling for the presentstudy. The knowledge of primi gravida mothers were assessed using a structured knowledge questionnaire followed by a planned health education programme. Post-test performed on the second day using the same tool. The results were described by using descriptive and inferential statistics.
ASSOCIATION OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC DATA WITH PRE TEST AND POST TEST LEVEL OF STRESS AMONG ALCOHOLIC PATIENTS INSELECTED DE ADDICTION CENTRE IN KERALA
Authors: Kuttivila Mr. Shyju Thankachan , saxena Dr. Venu Lata
Published: March 2023

Alcohol's Effects on Stress, the body's HPA frameworks strive to keep a sensitive physiological equilibrium, however when alcohol is added to the blend it puts the body at much more serious gamble for hurt. Alcohol makes higher measures of cortisol be delivered adjusting the cerebrum's science and resetting what the body considers "ordinary. "Alcohol moves the hormonal equilibrium and alters the manner in which the body sees stress and changes how it answers stress. Studies have discovered that cortisol associates with the mind's prize or delight frameworks, which can add to alcohol's supporting impacts constraining consumers to drink more noteworthy sums to accomplish a similar impact. Aim:. To evaluate the effectiveness of group therapy on stress among the alcoholics Settings and Design: A Quantitative approach was used for analyzing the effectiveness of group therapy. The study was conducted in Wisdom Hospital and Deaddiction Centre, Trivandrum on 100 chronic alcoholic patients who were admitted in deaddiction centre and having Stress. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used in this study. The beck stress inventory was used to assess the stress. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used under SPSS to do analysis. Results: No significant Association found between level of Stress in experimental group of pre - test. Significant Association found in age between level of Stress in experimental group of posttest and Selected Demographic data.
Experience with endoluminal vacuum therapy in the management of esophageal anastomotic leakage in newborns with esophageal atresia: A case series
Authors: Santamaría-Proaño Carolina , Leon-Ochoa Diego , Salinas-Salinas Vicente , Acosta-Bowen Daniel , Acosta-Farina Daniel
Published: March 2023

Background: The management of dehiscence of esophageal anastomosis is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Endoluminal vacuum therapy (EVT) has shown promising results.
Case Presentation: Herein we present the data of two cases with esophageal atresia who developed esophageal anastomotic leakage, during 2021-2022, and who underwent EVT. The first case had 60% dehiscence of the anastomosis, anastomotic leak repair was performed followed by esophageal EVT placement. In the second case, the dehiscence was limited to 10%, and only esophageal EVT was provided. Within four and six days of EVT, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and fluoroscopy were performed which showed tissue proliferation in situ and the absence of contrast leakage. Both patients were able to resume oral tolerance on the 4th day.
Conclusion: Esophageal EVT has shown promising results in the management of esophageal anastomotic leakage in newborns with esophageal atresia.
A clinic-epidemiological study of 148 patients of pemphigus at Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar: a case series
Authors: Mohammad Majid Paracha  , Sagheer Farah , Abdul Qayyum Khan
Published: March 2023

A seven-year retrospective study was held at the Department of Dermatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, between 2013 to 2020 to determine the demography and clinical features of pemphigus. Among 148 patients included in this study 88 (58%) were females and 60 (40%) were males with a female to male ratio of 1.46:1. Average age at onset of the disease was 38±12 years (range 14-75 years). On the basis of Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Score (ABSIS), 14 (9.3%) patients had mild disease, 58 (38.7%) had moderate disease, and 76 (50.7%) patients had severe disease. In total, 144 (96%) patients had pemphigus vulgaris, 3 (2%) patients had pemphigus foliaceous and 1 (0.7%) patient had paraneoplastic pemphigus. Severe pemphigus was more frequently associated with multiple relapses (p=0.00). This study shows poor prognostic factors like severe pemphigus vulgaris associated with multiple relapses.
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Pengaruh Perendaman Larutan Teh Hijau terhadap Perkembangan Embrio Ikan Patin
Authors: M Ritonga Eka Wahyu Putr , Naibaho Amanda Nurul Aisyah , Hasibuan Febri Rahmadani
Published: March 2023

Catfish (Pangasius pangasius) is a freshwater fish species that has the potential to be cultivated because it has good reproductive performance, one of which is high fecundity. However, catfish eggs are sticky (adhesive) which causes the eggs to stick together so they cannot be fertilized optimally. Green tea (Camellia sinensis) contains tannins which can reduce the stickiness of eggs. The long soaking process will affect the development of catfish egg embryos because it is suspected that green tea which has a certain threshold can turn into poison because the accumulated dose and time can become poison due to the chemical reactions it causes. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to examine the effect of soaking time in green tea solution on reducing the stickiness of eggs. This study aims to determine the effect of soaking time in green tea solution (Camellia sinensis) on the development of catfish embryos and the best time. The observed data is the process of embryology. The results showed that maximum egg development was obtained in Treatment A, namely development up to the organogenesis phase. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the soaking time of green tea solution on catfish eggs has a significant effect on embryo development.

Keywords: The catfish (Pangasius pangasius), The green (Camellia sinensis), Embryonic development
Implementasi Strategi Pembelajaran pada Mata Pelajaran PKN di MI Darul Madani
Authors: Nasution Abdulgani Jamora , Safitri Lusi , Sinaga Desi Rismayani , Sal’Aty Hamidah
Published: March 2023

This research is motivated by the efforts of researchers to describe the implementation of PPKN learning strategies at MI Darul Madani. Learning strategy is one component of education that is very influential on the success of teachers in achieving educational goals. The use of one type of strategy tends to produce monotonous teaching and learning activities for students, the learning process will feel stiff and students are less enthusiastic about learning. The teacher has implemented the Inquiry Learning learning strategy, but this strategy is still considered lacking and very boring for students. The purpose of this research was carried out at MI Darul Madani to find out the implementation of PPKN learning strategies and innovative learning strategies suggested by teachers and school principals. This type of research uses qualitative research methods to determine how to find, collect, process and analyze the research data. The conclusion from the results of PPKN learning strategy research, with the innovation of inquiry learning learning strategies students become more active in learning. It is hoped that this research will become information material and input for teaching and learning activities in schools, especially at MI Darul Madani, especially in encouraging students to always increase their interest in learning to achieve more adequately.

Keywords: Learning Strategies, PKN Lessons, and Inquiry Learning