bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chloroplast genomic insights into adaptive evolution and rapid radiation in the genus Passiflora (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Cauz-Santos Luiz Augusto , da Costa Zirlane Portugal , Sader Mariela Analía , van den Berg Cássio , Vieira Maria Lucia Carneiro
Published: February 2025

Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants and eukaryotic algae, responsible for photosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, amino acid production, and stress responses. The genus Passiflora, known for its species diversity and dynamic chloroplast (cp) genome evolution, serves as an excellent model for studying structural variations. This study investigates evolutionary relationships within Passiflora by sequencing 11 new chloroplast genomes, assessing selective pressures on cp genes, and comparing plastid and nuclear phylogenies. Passiflora cp genomes showed significant variations in size, gene content, and structure, ranging from 132,736 to 163,292 base pairs, especially in Decaloba. Structural rearrangements and species-specific repeat patterns were identified. Selective pressure tests revealed significant adaptive evolution in certain lineages, with several genes, including clpP and petL, under positive selection. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of subgenera Astrophea, Passiflora, and Decaloba, while Deidamioides appeared polyphyletic. Nuclear phylogenetic analysis based on 35S rDNA sequences supported the monophyly of Astrophea but showed inconsistencies within subgenus Passiflora compared to cp genome data. This study highlights the evolutionary complexity of Passiflora cp genomes, demonstrating significant structural variations and adaptive evolution. The findings underscore the effectiveness of plastid phylogenomics in resolving phylogenetic relationships and provide insights into adaptive mechanisms shaping cp genome diversity in angiosperms.
Unraveling temporally entangled multimodal interactions: investigating verbal and nonverbal contributions to collaborative construction of embodied math knowledge
Authors: Sung Hanall , Nathan Mitchell J.
Published: February 2025

In various technology-enhanced learning (TEL) environments, knowledge co-creation progresses through multimodal interactions that integrate verbal and nonverbal modalities, such as speech and gestures. This study investigated two distinct analytical approaches for analyzing multimodal interactions—triangulating and interleaving—by applying them to collaborative learning processes during an online embodied mathematics intervention. The findings demonstrate that the interleaving approach captures the temporal dynamics and nuanced interplay between multimodal events, providing deeper insights into how shared meaning-making evolves over time. In contrast, the triangulating approach effectively identifies cumulative interaction patterns but does not account for their temporal structure. Specifically, the interleaving approach, employing epistemic network analysis, revealed statistically significant differences in discourse patterns between learners with larger and smaller variances in upper body movements during the co-design activity. These findings underscore the complementary value of the interleaving approach in analyzing multimodal interactions and offer practical implications for advancing understanding of collaborative learning processes in TEL environments.
A case study of strike slip fault internal structure and connectivity analysis based on 3D seismic and well data in Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Yang Fengying , Liu Bo , Yin Xingyao
Published: February 2025

In recent years, there have been significant developments in hydrocarbon research carried out on the strike slip fault zones in the central Tarim Basin, Northwestern China. Within the research context of ultra-deep tight carbonate rocks characterized with low porosity and permeability, fault damage zones play a crucial role in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. However, the extremely heterogeneous internal structure and the intricate connectivity among wells pose significant challenges to exploration and development efforts. To address these challenges, a comprehensive study utilizing 3D seismic data, well logs, and field observations was conducted to investigate the internal structure and connectivity of a typical strike slip fault in the central Tarim Basin. The width of the seismic zone of the studied fault ranges from 200 m to 900 m, consistent with drill data. Besides, the strike slip fault exhibits a segmented geometric feature, comprising isolated segments, subparallel segments, and intersected segments. Notably, intersected segments have wider seismic fault zone widths and greater fault vertical separation values compared to other segments. Furthermore, based on the structural characteristics of the fault zone and an analysis of well connectivity, two types of internal structure and connectivity models of the fault zone were established. The isolated model suggests that the reservoirs located on different fault segments are isolated, and each isolated geometric segment functions as an independent reservoir unit. However, the reservoirs display good connectivity within the same segment. The intersected model demonstrates that interactions between adjacent fault segments lead to intensive deformation and enhance the connectivity between intersection segments, enabling them to function as a single, composite reservoir unit. Wells drilled in different intersected fault segments typically exhibit connectivity, showing similar production characteristics.
A century through the lens of Journal of Cell Science
Authors: Adhikari Saanjbati , Grewal Seema
Published: February 2025

Summary: Journal of Cell Science's publisher, The Company of Biologists, is celebrating its 100th birthday in 2025. Here, we review JCS's history since being founded as the Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Sciences.
Analyzing Multidimensional Poverty and Its Determinants in Ethiopia: A Micro-level Analysis at Debre Tabor City Administration
Authors: Mengistu Yismaw Ayelign , Mekonen Bantalem Sinishaw , Aynalem Nega Assefa
Published: February 2025

Background Poverty remained pervasive in affecting households particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Purpose The main target of this study was to estimate the multidimensional poverty index of households in Debre Tabor city along with the analysis of determinants of multidimensional poverty. Method The researchers selected 394 households from six Kebeles using a stratified random sampling technique. The Alkire and Foster dual cut-off method of measuring poverty was employed to estimate the multidimensional poverty index and ordered logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of determinants of multidimensional poverty. Five dimensions of poverty namely, income, education, health, living standards, and energy use were incorporated in measuring it. Results and conclusion The result revealed that 59% of households were multidimensional poor with a poverty cut-off of 33%. The multidimensional poor households were underprivileged in 54% of weighted indicators. The energy use dimension was a serious contributor to the incidence and severity of multidimensional poverty. In addition, poverty incidence by illiterate-headed household heads, with single marital status, and casual wage worker-headed households was higher relative to their counterparts. Policy recommendation We strongly recommended that education must be extensively provided not only to children but also to adults; females must be promoted to participate in business activities, credit must be expanded with an excellent follow-up, and households should participate in existing cooperatives.
Cubital tunnel syndrome caused by an intraneural ganglion cyst treated with epineurectomy: a report of three cases
Authors: Kang Hyun Tak , Kang Hong Je
Published: February 2025

The potential causes of cubital tunnel syndrome include trauma, bone deformity, and space-occupying lesions such as tumors. An intraneural ganglion is a cystic tumor composed of a fibrous capsule containing mucinous material within the epineurium of a peripheral nerve, and it most commonly occurs in the peroneal nerve. However, cases of intraneural ganglion cysts occurring at the elbow, leading to cubital tunnel syndrome in the ulnar nerve, have been rarely reported. Cubital tunnel syndrome caused by an intraneural ganglion differs in its pathogenesis from idiopathic nerve entrapment syndrome; thus, it requires distinct approaches for diagnosis and treatment. In this context, the authors report three cases of cubital tunnel syndrome caused by intraneural ganglia. Favorable outcomes were achieved through partial epineurectomy and in situ decompression. Additionally, a review of the literature is presented.
Going the Distance: The Impact of Commute on Gender Diversity in Public Service
Authors: Kaaua Dawson , Virudachalam Vanitha
Published: February 2025

Problem definition: Women have been shown to prefer jobs with a better work-life balance across many fields. Given that serving as a state political representative requires a significant amount of travel between one’s home district and the state capitol, this suggests that long commute distances may reduce the number of women seeking political office in the United States. At the same time, state political positions vary in their degree of flexibility (e.g., full-time versus part-time) and commensurate compensation, which could make them more or less desirable to women. We analyze the extent to which longer commute distances deter female political participation and whether this effect varies according to the degree of flexibility and commensurate compensation provided by the position. Furthermore, we investigate policies that can lower the barrier to entry for women in politics. Methodology/results: Leveraging differences in distance to the state capitol among state legislative districts, we show that districts located further from the state capitol in states with full-time legislatures have a lower percentage of female candidates, whereas in states with part-time legislatures, the opposite is true. The effect in hybrid states, that is, those state legislatures with a workload between part-time and full-time, appears to be slightly negative or neutral. We then conduct two conjoint survey experiments administered to a pool of college students and past political candidates to understand how policies allowing for paid parental leave, remote work/proxy voting, or daycare benefits in political positions could help to close the gender gap in politics. We find that paid parental leave might motivate women at the beginning of their political careers with longer commutes to run for office while a remote work/proxy voting policy could help to sustain the political careers of these types of women. Managerial implications: For organizers and policymakers seeking to encourage more women to run for office, our work shows that commute distance is a barrier for would-be candidates in states with full-time legislatures and that making paid parental leave and remote work/proxy voting available may help.

Funding: This work was supported by Gies College of Business (Junior Faculty Council Grant).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2024.0927 .
An integrated framework for disciplinary processes and the application of employee investigations
Authors: Cooper Andrew , Neal Adrian , Windsor Rhiannon , Lewis Rachel , Bansal Divija , Yarker Jo
Published: February 2025

Although all employee disciplinary investigations are likely to carry some degree of stress, poorly delivered investigations that do not uphold due diligence to protect those involved can cause serious harm to individual employees, their colleagues, managers and organisations. This scoping review examined existing knowledge about disciplinary investigation processes, including factors that influence the experience of these processes and the associated outcomes. The authors then used these insights to develop an integrated framework to help employee investigations to be run well. The authors searched the Business Source Premier database, as well as conducting targeted journal searches and hand searches, guided by the expertise of an advisory group. A total of 741 papers were identified through systematic searches, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. Several factors were found to influence the investigation process, including individual differences, organisational culture and procedural barriers. Identified outcomes of these processes included bias and discrimination, perceptions of procedural justice and psychological harm to the employee. There is a clear need for further research into this area of human resources policy and practice, and an opportunity for healthcare organisations to review their disciplinary policies and processes, taking a more people-centric and integrated approach.
Los Grupos de Apoyo en Cataluña (2017-2019). De la represión política a la acción colectiva.
Authors: López Álvarez Raúl
Published: February 2025

Este artículo trata de ofrecer una visión a escala microsocial de la construcción social de la protesta. Para ello, se analiza el ciclo de protestas que se desarrolla en Cataluña del 2017 al 2019 y se presta atención a las respuestas ofrecidas a escala microsocial contra las consecuencias de la judicialización del conflicto social y la represión política. El núcleo de esta investigación son los Grupos de Apoyo, los cuales constituyen la forma organizativa generalizada entre los diferentes movimientos sociales activos durante el ciclo de protestas para tratar de transformar la criminalización que sufren en conflicto político. Esta investigación supone una aportación valiosa para el estudio de la protesta en Cataluña y en lo que respecta a los procesos de resignificación y construcción de identidad frente a un problema social para generar acción colectiva.
“Corriendo el cerco de lo posible”.Cambio ideológico, malestar social y nuevo ciclo político en el Chile neoliberal
Authors: Núñez Rodríguez Omar
Published: February 2025

Contrario a lo que sugieren los resultados de los plebiscitos de 2022 y 2023, la mayoría de la población chilena sigue aspirando a un cambio de paradigma de país. Para explicar esta contradicción, el artículo tiene por propósito analizar un conjunto de actores y factores que han contribuido a arrinconar ideológicamente al neoliberalismo en Chile. Entre otros, clave es la militancia y el activismo de múltiples organizaciones, cuyas agencias han posibilitado abrir “el horizonte de lo posible”. Asimismo, también facultan observar las limitantes y restricciones ideológicas del denominado “estallido social”. Se concluye que la nación sudamericana estaría ante un nuevo ciclo político, uno caracterizado por proyectos políticos en disputa.
La transversalización de la perspectiva de igualdad, equidad de género, interculturalidad y territorialidad en la CONADI
Authors: Rain Alicia , Calfio Montalva Margarita , Molina Zagal Alejandra
Published: February 2025

En el marco del estudio “Yafvluwaiñ” Sanando desde las memorias. Fortalecimiento de los derechos y el empoderamiento de las mujeres mapuche, comunas de Lonquimay y Saavedra, Región de La Araucanía, ejecutado en el año 2023, nos hemos propuesto analizar críticamente el proceso de transversalización de la perspectiva de igualdad y equidad de género, interculturalidad y territorialidad en la Corporación Nacional de Desarrollo Indígena (CONADI), desde la experiencia de las personas funcionarias de dicho organismo, en el período 2013-2023. La investigación se sitúo en un paradigma interpretativo con enfoque cualitativo. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre los meses de julio a noviembre de 2023. La estrategia metodológica incluyó: Entrevistas semi-estructuradas a personas funcionarias de la Dirección Nacional y Subdirección Sur. Los resultados exponen asuntos como: el despojo del pueblo mapuche, la continuidad colonial, el patriarcado y las tensiones políticas que afectan las relaciones, a la institución pública y sus servicios.
Santamaría Pérez, M. Isabel (2023), palabras que nacen y transforman. La recepción de neologismos en las columnas sobre la lengua y los diccionarios en español actual, Granada, Comares, Colección Interlingua
Authors: Medina Soler María Isabel
Published: February 2025

Palabras que nacen y transforman es la obra con la que Santamaría nos reconcilia con dos ámbitos asimismo divergentes entre sí en lo que respecta al uso de los neologismos, el idioma en su uso real y el defendido por los sectores académicos normativos más puristas.
Dynamically reconfigurable 2D polarization-agnostic image edge-detection using nonvolatile phase-change metasurfaces
Authors: Kendall Stuart , Ruiz de Galarreta Carlota , Shields Joe , Bertolotti Jacopo , Yang Guoce , Wang Mengyun , Alù Andrea , Bhaskaran Harish , Wright C. David
Published: February 2025

The development of novel, compact, and reconfigurable devices for optical analog computing would pave the way for the next generation of imaging systems free from high power consumption electronics and computationally demanding processing algorithms. Recently, nonlocal metasurfaces have emerged as a powerful platform to perform analog image processing operations with low energy consumption, at the speed of light, and without the need to physically access the Fourier space, thereby providing both high computational speeds and ease of integration. However, once such devices are designed and fabricated, their effect on optical beams is fixed, constraining their performance to a singular function. Here, we show how nonlocal metasurfaces made of novel low-loss chalcogenide phase-change materials, such as Sb2Se3, offer a degree of reconfigurability, enabling switching between certain imaging modes. Specifically, we show that switching between a two-dimensional edge-detection mode and a bright-field imaging mode, or between a two-dimensional edge-detection mode and a two-dimensional image blurring mode, is possible.
Hidden source localization via learning-based reconstruction of thermal light-fields
Authors: Avelar Rafael , Leger James
Published: February 2025

We develop a framework for thermal passive non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging based on the reconstruction of noisy scattered light fields using neural networks. Thermal NLOS imaging is undermined by the extremely low reflectivity and relatively diffuse nature of many surfaces in the long-wave-infrared (LWIR) domain. Previous approaches in thermal NLOS imaging have relied on linear methods to denoise and deblur measurements. We show that a simple convolutional-neural-network trained using synthetic data is capable of recovering extremely weak signals from real-life noisy thermal light fields. Our proposed framework does not require knowledge of the scattering properties of the surface or expected signal-to-noise ratio of measurements. Experimental data was captured in a miniaturized thermal NLOS imaging studio. When localizing multiple human-temperature objects using a diffuse drywall scatterer, our method consistently improves the standard deviation in source depth estimate by more than 50% from comparable methods. It also outperforms methods that use additional prior knowledge of the scattering surface, improving the depth standard deviation by around 25%.
Liquid crystal polymer and ferroelectric liquid crystal depolarizers with robustness and fast switching based on a single-step exposure system
Authors: Ma Ying , Cheng Yongning , Li Qitao
Published: February 2025

We propose a liquid crystal polymer (LCP) depolarizer and deformed helix ferroelectric liquid crystal (DHFLC) depolarizer based on single-exposure photoalignment technology. In this design, the liquid crystal depolarizers are generated with random orientation of different microregions by a single-step exposure system based on a spatial light modulator. For the LCP depolarizer, the polarization degree of the linearly polarized light with different sizes in any direction after passing through the depolarizer is below 2.2% and it is robust to the environment. For the DHFLC depolarizer, the response time can be 110us and the polarization degree under the same experimental setup is less than 4.2%. Moreover, this DHFLC depolarizer can fit with broadband incident light scenario if several narrowband lights are inputted time sequentially. They both can work well with less requirement on the diameter of the incident beam.
Reliability-enhanced data cleaning in biomedical machine learning using inductive
conformal prediction
Authors: Zhan Xianghao , Xu Qinmei , Zheng Yuanning , Lu Guangming , Gevaert Olivier
Published: February 2025

Accurately labeling large datasets is important for biomedical machine learning yet challenging while modern data augmentation methods may generate noise in the training data, which may deteriorate machine learning model performance. Existing approaches addressing noisy training data typically rely on strict modeling assumptions, classification models and well-curated dataset. To address these, we propose a novel reliability-based training-data-cleaning method employing inductive conformal prediction (ICP). This method uses a small set of well-curated training data and leverages ICP-calculated reliability metrics to selectively correct mislabeled data and outliers within vast quantities of noisy training data. The efficacy is validated across three classification tasks with distinct modalities: filtering drug-induced-liver-injury (DILI) literature with free-text title and abstract, predicting ICU admission of COVID-19 patients through CT radiomics and electronic health records, and subtyping breast cancer using RNA-sequencing data. Varying levels of noise to the training labels were introduced via label permutation. Our training-data-cleaning method significantly enhanced the downstream classification performance (paired t-tests, p ≤ 0 . 05 among 30 random train/test partitions): significant accuracy enhancement in 86 out of 96 DILI experiments (up to 11.4% increase from 0.812 to 0.905), significant AUROC and AUPRC enhancements in all 48 COVID-19 experiments (up to 23.8% increase from 0.597 to 0.739 for AUROC, and 69.8% increase from 0.183 to 0.311 for AUPRC), and significant accuracy and macro-average F1-score improvements in 47 out of 48 RNA-sequencing experiments (up to 74.6% increase from 0.351 to 0.613 for accuracy, and 89.0% increase from 0.267 to 0.505 for F1-score). The improvement can be both statistically and clinically significant for information retrieval, disease diagnosis and prognosis. The method offers the potential to substantially boost classification performance in biomedical machine learning tasks without necessitating an excessive volume of well-curated training data or strong data distribution and modeling assumptions in existing semi-supervised learning methods.
Radiographic characteristics of impacted teeth: A retrospective study of 2199 radiograph
Authors: Marghalani Amin A. , Alsaggaf Arwa U. , Hazzazi Abdullah , Dahlawi Anmar , Badaoud Mohd. B. , Alhazmi Faisal , Alnefaie Ibrahim , Bukhari Omair M. , Demyati Abrar K.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To analyze the radiological characteristics of impacted teeth in the population of Makkah in Saudi Arabia.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2199 digital panoramic radiograph (OPG) scans collected from the database of the dental teaching hospital at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, KSA. Out of these, 1503 OPGs (749 males and 754 females) met the inclusion criteria, which required clear OPGs with high quality and good visibility of anatomic structures. The study included patients of both genders, aged between 13 and 70, with complete root formation of impacted teeth.

Results

The analysis of 1,503 patients’ radiographs revealed that 27.70% had impacted third molars, with mandibular molars being more commonly affected than maxillary molars. Additionally, other impacted teeth were observed, including maxillary canines, second premolars, second molars, and supernumerary teeth. Male patients had a slightly higher prevalence of impaction. The majority of impacted third molars were found in the age group of 18-30. The angulation and depth of impacted teeth differed between maxillary and mandibular arches. Most impacted mandibular third molars had a class I relation with the ramus.

Conclusion

The study provides valuable insights into impacted teeth in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It highlights a significant occurrence of impacted third molars, as well as other teeth. These findings contribute to a better understanding of impacted teeth and provide important support for dental professionals in their efforts to improve patient outcomes.
An algorithm for equilibrium problems with mixed-type fixed point constraints
Authors: Guo Lifang , Agwu Imo Kalu , Ishtiaq Umar , Alnowibet Khalid A.
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of nonlinear mappings known as ϑ-strictly asymptotically pseudocontractive-type multivalued mapping (ϑ-SAPM) in a Hilbert space domain. In addition, a new method was initiated, and it was shown that this method converges strongly to the solution set of an equilibrium problem (EP) and the set of common fixed points of two finite families of type-one (ϑ-SAPM) and ϑ-strictly pseudocontractive-type multivalued mapping (ϑ-SPM). Moreover, we showed that the classes of mappings considered are independent and also presented a numerical example to illustrate the implementablity of the suggested method. The results obtained improve, generalize and extend several conclusions reported in literature.
Globalization and Diversity Requirement in Higher Education
Authors: Marzouk Osama
Published: February 2025

In order to prepare college students for a world with increasing globalization, several universities implemented a diversity requirement program for undergraduate students. This study discusses the importance and impact of diversity in higher education, and then presents several surveys and studies that have been conducted at the national level or within an individual university regarding diversity and diversity requirement programs. The study also compares various models of these programs and investigates some of them in details, including their mission, theme, and implementation.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GOOD ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE IN WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Fithriyyah Mustiqowati Ummul , Ramadhiyanti Triyani , Yuniningsih Tri , Hongwiset Sunee
Published: February 2025

Waste is a national problem in Indonesia that has not found an optimal solution and tends to get worse. Effective waste management for environmental preservation and extinction is one of the principles of good environmental governance. An important part of good governance is collaboration between the private sector and the community to achieve effective, efficient, and appropriate waste management. This study aims to assess the implementation of waste management in Tuah Karya Village. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show the implementation of Good Environmental Governance in waste management in Pekanbaru, with a focus on the steps that have been taken by local governments to build effective waste management in their respective regions. Several areas in Pekanbaru have implemented good waste management practices, such as building waste banks, recycling waste into new products, and promoting waste reuse. This study examines the forms of implementation of Good Environmental Governance in waste management in Pekanbaru. In the case of Waste Bank management in Tuah Karya, based on the principles of good environmental governance, it turns out that one of the seven principles, namely access to information, has not been able to achieve the goal of realizing a Smart City in Pekanbaru. This is because many residents are still unaware of the existence of the Waste Bank, and many are reluctant to participate. These challenges make it difficult for the Waste Bank to contribute to the ideals of Smart City in Pekanbaru.
Zdroje a analogie soukromého práva v mezinárodním právu veřejném
Authors: Šturma Pavel
Published: February 2025

Public international law seems to be, prima facie, a part of public law in a common meaning of the word. The present contribution, however, seeks to call into question this widely accepted misconception. It starts from the definition of the very concept of international law as the Law of Nations, which is different from national law, both public and private. The term “Public International Law” is meaningful only in contradiction to the notion of “Private International Law”, dealing with the conflicts of laws (I.). Surprisingly, public international law (PIL) has some common features with the systems of private law. PIL is a horizontal system based on the equality of subjects (i.e. states). From the historical perspective, PIL has been younger than national law and therefore influenced by the latter, in particular through the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, having the origin in private law. The main sources of PIL (treaty and custom) are very different from the sources of national public law, but have some analogies in private law. Private law origins and analogies are also pertinent in the field of codification of PIL, State succession and the responsibility of States (II.). The last part deals with one of the areas of coexistence or concurrent regulation of PIL and private law, namely that of international investments and loans, where one party to a contract is a sovereign state, while the other party is a private person. The example of one arbitration case before the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes shows a complex nature of such transactions and disputes. The law governing the international (State) contracts may be, according to the choice of law clauses, a combination of PIL and national private law (III.).
Daňové právo a príprava daňovej reformy v Slovenskej republike
Authors: Babčák Vladimír
Published: February 2025

In this article, the author deals with two mutually binded problem areas – the position of tax law in the legal system of the Slovak republic and the expected Slovak tax reform. Tax law is considered by the author to be a new, recently born branch of law that separated itself from the scope of financial law. Tax law has its own subject of legal regulation, it governs a specific group of legal relationships, and it builds up a specific system of legal rules, which has a specific nature. In the part dedicated to the tax reform, the author deals in particular with the prepared changes in the area of taxes in Slovakia, most of which are expected to become valid from the year 2004.
Teoretické otázky finančního práva se zaměřením na právo daňové
Authors: Grosssová Marie
Published: February 2025

In her article the author writes about selected theoretical issues in the branch of tax law. She covers developments in relation to the issues in the Czech Republic from 1920 until today. Since Act No. 212/1992 Coll., to regulate the tax system, became effective on 1 January 1993, there have been enormous changes in the field. The author attempts to describe the consequences of these changes arising from tax practice since the tax system became effective. Last but not least, the author writes about tax legislation in relation to foreign countries.
The crystal structure of 3-amino-2-formyl-1-phenyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-4-carbonitrile, C22H16N2O
Authors: Cheng Longdie , Luo Guoyong , Wang Xulan , Ye Jianghai , Lang Tianqiong
Published: February 2025

C22H16N2O, monoclinic, P21/c, (no. 14), a = 9.689(7) Å, b = 16.800(10) Å, c = 10.379(7) Å, β = 92.229(17), V = 1,688.22(18) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0584, wRref
(F
2) = 0.1572, T = 273(2) K.
Music in Mood Regulation Brief Scale (B-MMR)
Authors: Ansani Alessandro , Mallia Luca , Saarikallio Suvi
Published: February 2025

Music psychology has concentrated on how music listening is exploited for mood regulation. The Music in Mood Regulation Brief scale (B-MMR; Saarikallio, 2008) is a well-established measure to assess the types of strategies individuals adopt to regulate mood through music. The current study seeks to verify the psychometric dimensionality and reliability of the B-MMR in an Italian sample (N = 465). Furthermore, relationships of B-MMR with musical expertise, musical preferences, and music reward experiences, as measured by the Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire (BMRQ), were investigated. Results showed that B-MMR maintained good internal reliability and identical dimensionality in the Italian sample. In addition, musical expertise was found to be associated with a stronger proclivity for the use of music for mood regulation. Furthermore, individuals with broader preferences and a tendency for harmonically and melodically complex music (e.g., classical, opera, and jazz) used music for regulatory purposes to a higher extent than those who favor recent genres (e.g., reggaeton and trap). Lastly, a Bayesian analysis of the psychometric network between B-MMR and BMRQ subcomponents revealed that many B-MMR strategies are linked with emotion evocation. Overall, this study developed an Italian version of the B-MMR and provided greater insights into the nuances related to the use of music for mood regulation.
THE SOCIO-MATERIAL POWER OF COAL: THE DOWNSTREAMIZATION OF COAL AND THE ENERGY TRANSITION CHALLENGE
Authors: Abisono Fatih Gama
Published: February 2025

Under the Paris Agreement in 2015, many countries are adaptive to the issue of climate change, especially the energy transition agenda through coal phasing out. However, the issue of coal phasing out has not received enough attention from energy issue researchers. Although as one of the largest coal producing countries in the world, Indonesia faces major challenges for the purpose of mitigating climate change. Under Joko Widodo's government, the situation was responded to with the coal downstream policy. Departing from the formulation of the research problem, the research question of this study: how does downstreamization of coal answer the challenge of low carbon in the middle of coal dominance? The purpose of this study is to test the relevance of coal in answering the challenges of energy transition.  This study is an explanatory-qualitative research by using a case study approach strategy with the Jokowi administration's coal phasing out agenda case with a documentation study technique. The results of the research show the increasing importance of coal in driving the energy transition. The relevance is made possible because coal is the country's main support to encourage energy transition with the downstreamization of coal. In this case, the materiality of the biophysical character of the resource allows coal to create a new space in the form of a link in the supply chain of the national energy system in the context of a low carbon economy. The coal material ultimately contains the socio-material power that determines the energy transition.
SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE ERA OF UMAR IBN KHATTAB AND ITS CONTEXTUALISATION IN INDONESIA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC GOVERNANCE AND MAX WABER'S CHARISMATIC THEORY OF LEADERSHIP
Authors: Wahab Mas Adah , Basar Dikuraisyin
Published: February 2025

Umar Ibn al-Khattab was the second caliph in Islamic history after succeeding the caliph Abu Bakar al-Siddiq.   He was one of the Prophet's companions who had strong morals, was energetic, fair, and wise, had a firm and complex character, and had managerial and administrative skills.  Umar as caliph, only ruled for approximately ten years, but in that short period of time, many successes and advances were experienced by the Islamic community, especially in the economic field. So it is common in the history of the Islamic world that Umar's reign was a golden age in Islamic history. The success of Umar's leadership, especially in reforming and developing the economic system of the community and prospering their lives, was due to his scientific ability, ijtihad, and an established managerial system in managing the country's foreign exchange. Proper utilization and distribution, as well as strict supervision and discipline.  This can be understood from various political, social and educational economic legal policies. The purpose of the research is to find the concept of auditor independence from the perspective of Umar bin Khattab. This research is qualitative research, using the biographical type tarikh method with the figure Umar bin Khattab. Through tarikh, the author wishes to understand his life. The policies he took were based on the principles of Islamic governance even though they were different from the previous era.
Identifying Relevant Messages from Citizens in a Social Media Platform for Natural Disasters in Indonesia Using Histogram Gradient Boosting and Self-Training Classifier
Authors: Yunita Ariana , Ramadhan Zhafran , Angelia Regina Dwi Kartika  , Irawan Ade
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This research aims to develop a classification model using histogram-based gradient boosting to identify relevant contextual tweets about disasters. This model can then be used for subsequent data cleaning stages.
Methods: This study uses a semi-supervised approach to develop a classification model using histogram-based gradient boosting. The model is trained to identify and remove irrelevant tweets that are related to disasters and gathered from Twitter. Optimization techniques, such as the AdaBoost classifier, calibrated classifier, and self-training classifier, are used to enhance the model's performance. The goal is to accurately recognize and categorize relevant tweets for additional data analysis and decision-making.
Result: The classification model that has been developed has achieved a high F1-score of 93.07%, which indicates its effectiveness in filtering disaster-related tweets that are relevant. This highlights the potential of the model to enable more precise aid distribution and faster decision-making in disaster response efforts. The successful implementation of the model also demonstrates its usefulness in utilizing social media data to enhance disaster management practices.
Novelty: This research contributes to the analysis of social media through machine learning algorithms. By utilizing social media, specifically Twitter, as a valuable resource for disaster response efforts, this study tackles challenges related to data collection and analysis in disaster management. The classification of relevant tweets into different types of natural disasters offers opportunities to enhance stakeholder decision-making processes in disaster scenarios.
Evaluation of Travel App’s Usability Using the System Usability Scale Method
Authors: Putra Revi Raka , Yasirandi Rahmat , Qusyairi Muhammad Mirza
Published: February 2025

Purpose: The objective of this study is to assess the usability of the Baraya Travel application, highlighting areas for enhancement to improve the online ticket booking experience for users. By concentrating on the Baraya Travel app as the research subject, the study intends to offer valuable insights for its developers. It emphasizes user feedback and recommendations to improve interface navigation, application speed, and the addition of new features, ultimately increasing convenience and ease of use. This study aims to provide an extensive examination of the app's performance, identifying precise areas where improvements can be made.
Methods: Using the Usability Testing methodology, particularly emphasizing the System Usability Scale (SUS), this study employs a quantitative research strategy. Surveys were administered to 409 Baraya Travel application users to gather primary data concerning usability aspects including user interface navigation, application responsiveness, and user convenience. The statistical analysis utilized both descriptive statistics, encompassing measures of central tendency and variability, to summarize the data, and potentially inferential tests like correlation analysis or t-tests, to investigate relationships and disparities between variables. The selection of statistical analysis aimed to offer a thorough interpretation of the data and extract meaningful insights into the usability of the Baraya Travel application. Furthermore, the utilization of the SUS evaluation metric provided a standardized measure to evaluate usability and facilitate comparisons across studies, ensuring consistency and reliability throughout the evaluation process.
Result: The examination of the SUS questionnaire indicated that users of the Baraya Travel application provided an average score of 75.26. This score suggests that the application demonstrates a commendable level of usability, earning a "Good" rating and a Letter Grade of "B". Nonetheless, there remains potential for enhancement to reach the desired standard of perfection. Users offered invaluable feedback and suggestions, highlighting the necessity for enhanced user interface navigation, improved application speed, and the implementation of additional features to augment convenience and user-friendliness.
Novelty: This research provides valuable insights for Baraya Travel application developers, emphasizing areas for improvement based on user feedback and suggestions. It contributes to the progression of online ticket booking systems, with the goal of enriching the overall travel experience for users. Highlighting the significance of user-friendly interfaces, efficient application performance, and convenient features is crucial for enhancing user satisfaction and fostering loyalty. Subsequent research endeavors could explore further factors influencing user satisfaction and loyalty in the context of digital travel applications.
A lack of commensal microbiota influences the male reproductive tract intergenerationally in mice
Authors: Trigg Natalie A , Zhou Simon K , Harris Jordan C , Lamonica Madeline N , Nelson Molly A , Silverman Michael A , Kambayashi Taku , Conine Colin C
Published: February 2025

The microbiome encompasses the array of microorganisms inhabiting various niches in the body and is necessary for numerous physiological processes, including normal metabolism and a functioning immune system. Not only does the absence of a microbiome in mice impact the exposed animals but also inherited phenotypes in successive generations of progeny, suggesting that the absence of a microbiome impacts the germline and gametes. Indeed, recent research has identified a role of the gut microbiome in contributing to male fertility, in both healthy and disease states. While this link is beginning to be established, the impact of the microbiome on the male reproductive tract remains understudied. Here, we utilized a germ-free mouse model to examine the influence of the absence of microbes on the male reproductive tract. In contrast to mice with an established microbiome, germ-free mice display decreased testicular weight and the prevalence of an epididymitis-like inflammation phenotype. These histopathological changes are accompanied by transcriptomic dysregulation in the reproductive tract of germ-free mice, particularly in the cauda epididymis. Moreover, such transcriptomic changes are transmitted to the next generation with high correlation of gene expression in the cauda epididymis between germ-free mice and their conventionalized (microbiome-restored) male offspring, when compared to control mice. Ultimately, our findings identify the reproductive sequalae of males without a functional microbiome and additionally in their conventionalized offspring, suggesting that the paternal microbiota is an underappreciated contributor to male reproductive function.
The role of UV-B radiation in modulating secondary metabolite biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms in medicinal plants
Authors: Wang Guangli , Sun Xiaodan , Li Yang , Wang Yuling , Jin Changhao
Published: February 2025

The impact of UV-B (Ultraviolet-B) radiation is reviewed relative to the biosynthesis and regulation of secondary metabolites (SMs) in medicinal plants. Plants sense UV-B radiation through the photoreceptor UVR8, which is present as a dimer in the absence of UV-B and monomerizes upon UV-B exposure, interacting with proteins to regulate gene expression. In medicinal plants, UVR8-mediated signaling can regulate the activity of key enzymes, thereby affecting accumulation of secondary metabolites. For instance, in Arabidopsis thaliana, UVR8-mediated signaling regulates the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. UV-B radiation influences the yield of SMs in medicinal plants, impacting the biosynthesis of phenolics, terpenoids, and alkaloids, though the effects vary under different UV-B conditions. Furthermore, UV-B radiation induces gene regulation in secondary metabolism, with most genes being upregulated. UV-B interacts with other stress factors, e.g. chromium, UV-A, water availability, and temperature, which affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites. However, these mechanisms are complex and require further investigation. Current research exhibits limitations, including uneven study coverage, a lack of standardized methodologies, and insufficient exploration of interactions between UV-B and other factors. Future studies should expand the research scope, adopt multifactorial approaches, and investigate molecular mechanisms, thereby advancing agricultural practices and the development of medicinal plants.
Representation of monadic effects in the non-monadic form
Authors:   Institute of Software Systems NAS of Ukraine, Shevchenko R.S.
Published: February 2025

Modern programming relies heavily on effects systems. In the context of the development of programming languages, two approaches to understanding effects are distinguished: the first recognizes an effect as a characteristic of a program that affects the execution environment, separating it from a simple calculation (that is, effects are not taken into account in the system of language types, which is typical for imperative programming languages); the second considers an effect as an aspect of program interpretation that affects the process of its interpretation (such effects are considered in the type system as higher-order types, and this approach is characteristic of functional programming). In industrial programming, the first approach is preferred because of its efficiency in rapid development and less complex concepts. However, this leads to the loss of the possibility of automatic analysis of effects using type systems and increases the difficulty of finding errors. Monads are a convenient tool for describing effects because they have a built-in computation composition operation and can sink values into the monadic environment. A direct contextual representation of effects can be useful for application developers because it reduces cognitive load from syntactic noise while preserving information about effects in data types. This representation also allows for cross-platform applications that can use both monadic and non-monadic effect systems. The paper describes the ergonomic programming language interface for working with monadic effects, which encapsulates the logic of computation and associated non-computational operations in the effect system monad, and describes the direct context encoding technique. The translation of the direct context encoding into the monadic form is implemented in the form of a Scala compiler plugin, which is available as an open source. The use of conditional effects compilation to organize cross-platform interfaces that combine different methods of implementing effects on different platforms is also discussed.