bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Modelling ALMA and JWST lines to constrain the interstellar medium of z∼ 5 galaxies
Authors: Veraldi E. , Vallini L. , Pozzi F. , Esposito F. , Bethermin M. , Boquien M. , Faisst A. , Ginolfi M. , Gobat R. , Gruppioni C. , Hathi N. , Ibar E. , Molina J. , Rizzo F. , Romano M. , Zamorani G.
Published: December 2024

Aims. We have devised a model for estimating the ultraviolet (UV) and optical line emission (i.e. CIII] 1909 Å, Hβ, [OIII] 5007 Å, Hα, and [NII] 6583 Å) that traces HII regions in the interstellar medium (ISM) of a subset of galaxies at z ~ 4-6 from the ALMA large programme ALPINE. The aim is to investigate the combined impact of binary stars in the stellar population and an abrupt quenching in the star formation history (SFH) on the line emission. This is crucial for understanding the ISM’s physical properties in the Universe’s earliest galaxies and identifying new star formation tracers in high-z galaxies.

Methods. The model simulates HII plus PhotoDissociation Region (PDR) complexes by performing radiative transfer through 1D slabs characterised by gas density (n), ionisation parameter (U), and metallicity (Z). The model also takes into account (a) the heating from star formation, whose spectrum has been simulated with Starburst99 and Binary Population and Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) to quantify the impact of binary stars; and (b) a constant, exponentially declining, and quenched SFH. For each galaxy, we selected from our CLOUDY models the theoretical ratios between the [CII] line emission that trace PDRs and nebular lines from HII regions. These ratios were then used to derive the expected optical/UV lines from the observed [CII].

Results. We find that binary stars have a strong impact on the line emission after quenching, by keeping the UV photon flux higher for a longer time. This is relevant in maintaining the free electron temperature and ionised column density in HII regions unaltered up to 5 Myr after quenching. Furthermore, we constrained the ISM properties of our subsample, finding a low ionisation parameter of log U≈ − 3.8 ± 0.2 and high densities of log(n/cm−3)≈2.9 ± 0.6. Finally, we derive UV/optical line luminosity-star formation rate relations (log(Lline/erg s−1) = α log(SFR/M⊙ yr−1) + β) for different burstiness parameter (ks) values. We find that in the fiducial BPASS model, the relations have a negligible SFH dependence but depend strongly on the ks value, while in the SB99 case, the dominant dependence is on the SFH. We propose their potential use for characterising the burstiness of galaxies at high z.
Analysis and approximation to parabolic optimal control problems with measure-valued controls in time
Authors: Gong Wei , Liang Dongdong
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate an optimal control problem governed by parabolic equations with measure-valued controls over time. We establish the well-posedness of the optimal control problem and derive the first-order optimality condition using Clarke’s subgradients, revealing a sparsity structure in time for the optimal control. Consequently, these optimal control problems represent a generalization of impulse control for evolution equations. To discretize the optimal control problem, we employ the space-time finite element method. Here, the state equation is approximated using piecewise linear and continuous finite elements in space, alongside a Petrov–Galerkin method utilizing piecewise constant trial functions and piecewise linear and continuous test functions in time. The control variable is discretized using the variational discretization concept. For error estimation, we initially derive a priori error estimates and stabilities for the finite element discretizations of the state and adjoint equations. Subsequently, we establish weak-* convergence for the control under the norm ℳ(Īc;L2(ω)), with a convergence order of O(h1/2 + τ1/4) for the state.
Latest FLUKA developments
Authors: Hugo Gabrielle , Ahdida Claudia , Bozzato Davide , Calzolari Daniele , Cerutti Francesco , Ciccotelli Alessia , Cimmino Anna , Devienne Arnaud , Donadon Servelle Andre , Dyrcz Patrycja K. , Salvatore Esposito Luigi , Formento Alice , Froeschl Robert , García Alía Ruben , Gilardoni Simone , Gomes Andrea , Horváth Dávid , Humann Barbara , Infantino Angelo , Lechner Anton , Lefebvre Benoit , Lerner Giuseppe , Lorenzon Tommaso , Lucsanyi David , Magistris Matteo , Marin Stefano , Mazzola Giuseppe , Niang Samuel , Nowak Elzbieta , Ogallar Ruiz Francisco , Potoine Jean-Baptiste , Pozzi Fabio , Prelipcean Daniel , Rodin Volodymyr , Roesler Stefan , Sabaté Gilarte Marta , Sacristan Barbero Mario , Salvat Pujol Francesc , Schoofs Philippe , Şerban Alexandra-Gabriela , Sharankov Ivan , Theis Chris , Tisi Marco , Tsinganis Andrea , Versaci Roberto , Vlachoudis Vasilis , Waets Andreas , Widorski Markus , Zymak Illia
Published: December 2024

The FLUKA Monte Carlo code has recently undergone significant enhancements, driven by needs from its user community. Key improvements are discussed, such as a new point-wise treatment for the interactions of low-energy neutrons, the incorporation of a new model for nuclear elastic scattering of protons below 250 MeV, explicit generation of synchrotron radiation photons during charged particle tracking, a revised modeling approach for coherent effects in bent crystals, and the addition of arc-DPA scoring. While improving and extending FLUKA physics performance is essential, it is equally important to ensure the long-term maintainability of the codebase. This paper also outlines the strategy and substantial progress in evolving FLUKA to meet this objective. The FLUKA features are being translated into a new codebase, fulfilling essential criteria such as continuity in the user experience and compatibility with existing inputs, thus laying the foundation for a new FLUKA generation. The codebase makes use of the Geant4 toolkit when appropriate. Additionally, the enhanced collaboration with Geant4 has resulted in the development of an interface, detailed in this paper, that enables access to the FLUKA hadronic models from any Geant4 application.
Improving photovoltaic module efficiency using water sprinklers, air fans, and combined cooling systems
Authors: Al-Masalha Ismail , Alsabagh Abdel Salam , Badran Omar , Alkawaldeh Naim , Abu-Rahmeh Taiseer M. , Al Alawin Aiman
Published: December 2024

This research investigates the essential role of cooling systems in optimizing the performance of photovoltaic panels, particularly in hot climates. Elevated temperatures on the back surface of photovoltaic panels pose a challenge, potentially reducing electrical output and overall efficiency. To address this, a cooling system employing water spray and air was proposed and examined across three scenarios. Results show a consistent reduction in panel temperature with the implemented cooling systems. The drop in temperature of 24 °C (40%) and increase in the output power of 13% indicates its effectiveness, with peak efficiency observed during high ambient temperatures. When water cooling was used, the percentage drop in temperature ranged from approximately 20.5% to 35.4%. The air-cooling system achieves a percentage drop in temperature, ranging from approximately 6 to 26%. Hybrid cooling proves most effective in substantially reducing panel temperature compared to water or air alone. A detailed examination of output power reveals consistent and significant increases with cooling throughout the day. A significant higher percentage power increase is achieved during peak solar radiation hours highlighting the effectiveness of the system during intense sunlight exposure. The cumulative effect reinforces the practical significance of the cooling system, showing its potential to enhance daily energy yield. Efficiency trends consistently indicate higher efficiency with cooling compared to without cooling. The hybrid system, which appears as a promising solution for diverse environmental conditions cases, improves the overall efficiency by up to 2%.
Robotergestützte Herstellung von Lingualretainern bei komplexen
Dysgnathien
Authors: Böddeker Antonia , Scholz Sandra , Coenen Franziska , Niederau Christian , Modabber Ali , Wolf Michael , Knaup Isabel
Published: December 2024

Nach Abschluss der aktiven kieferorthopädischen Therapie ist eine verlässliche
Stabilisierung des Behandlungsergebnisses insbesondere in komplexen
kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgischen Verfahren essenziell. Bei den
festsitzenden Retentionsgeräten hat sich gezeigt, dass die Langzeitstabilität
evident von der Materialeigenschaft beeinflusst wird. Lingualretainer aus
verseilten Stahldrähten sind in den letzten Jahren mit unerwünschten
Zahlstellungsänderungen in Verbindung gebracht worden, sodass die Verwendung von
Vierkantstahldrähten eine Alternative zur Herstellung von festsitzenden
Retainern darstellt und mittels CAD/CAM(Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided
Manufacturing)-Technologie individualisiert werden kann. Im nachfolgend
dokumentierten Patientenfall soll die Herstellung eines Retainers mithilfe eines
Chairside-Biegeroboters gezeigt werden und der Einsatz als präzise, innovative
und zeitsparende Alternative zum handgebogenen Retainer aus verseiltem
Stahldraht evaluiert werden.
Das Resonanz-Paradigma und psychisch belastete Jugendliche
Authors: Hillert Andreas , Hillert Sophia , Göhre Carolin , Surzykiewicz Janusz
Published: December 2024

Der Soziologe Hartmut Rosa identifizierte Beschleunigung als zentrales Problem aktueller Entwicklungen. Als Lösung erkannte er unlängst Resonanz, definiert als spezifisches Phänomen in dem Individuen mit der Welt in Beziehung treten. Psychologisch-psychotherapeutische Aspekte sind in seiner Argumentation zentral. Das Paradigma verspricht psychische Probleme zu erklären und diesen präventiv bis therapeutisch zu begegnen.

Das Resonanz-Paradigma wurde und wird im psychotherapeutischen Kontext zitiert, bislang aber nicht kritisch diskutiert. Im Beitrag wird das Paradigma empirischen Befunden zu Zielen, Werten und Belastungserleben gesunder und psychisch erkrankter Jugendlicher gegenüberstellt. Es wird deutlich, dass sich das Resonanz-Paradigma nicht operationalisieren und damit nicht in seinem u. a. therapeutischen Stellenwert evaluieren lässt. Zudem sind zentrale Grundannahmen Rosas bezüglich der Situation Jugendlicher nicht haltbar. Es werden Risiken deutlich, die sich aus einer selektiven Rezeption psychotherapeutischer Phänomene für soziologische Fragestellungen (bis hin zur „kritischen Theorie“) und umgekehrt, der Übernahme soziologischer Paradigmen in Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, ergeben.
Digitale Navigatoren zur Akzeptanz- und Kompetenzentwicklung mit Mental Health Apps
Authors: Schwarz Julian , Heinze Martin , Scheunemann Kim , Schönbeck Julia , Schubert Darja , Speck Justin , Torous John , Uchtmann Laura , Wolff Jan , Meier-Diedrich Eva
Published: December 2024

Hintergrund In Deutschland warten Patienten in der Regel mehrere Monate auf einen psychotherapeutischen Behandlungsplatz. Digitale Gesundheitsanwendungen (DiGAs) ermöglichen dagegen eine zeitnahe Unterstützung der psychischen Gesundheit, werden aber nur begrenzt genutzt. Digitale Navigatoren (DN) sind speziell geschulte Gesundheitsfachkräfte, die Behandler und Patienten bei der Auswahl und Nutzung von DiGAs unterstützen und dabei sprachliche, sozioökonomische und soziodemografische Besonderheiten berücksichtigen. Dadurch kann die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz gestärkt, das Engagement erhöht und die Behandler entlastet werden.

Ziel Die DigiNavi-Studie pilotiert erstmals DN exemplarisch in der hausärztlichen und ambulanten psychiatrischen Versorgung in Deutschland.

Methoden 1. Die Akzeptanz und die Erwartungen von Behandlern und Patienten gegenüber DN werden qualitativ exploriert. 2. Das Trainingsmanual für DN der Harvard Medical School wird adaptiert und an n = 6 Studienzentren werden Medizinische Fachangestellte (MFA) zu DN ausgebildet. 3. Die DN begleiten n = 48 Pt bei der Nutzung von jeweils einer DiGA. Die digitale Gesundheitskompetenz und die psychische Symptomschwere der Pt werden im Prä-Post-Vergleich quantitativ evaluiert. Zusätzlich werden die Nutzungserfahrungen und Implementierungshürden qualitativ exploriert.

Ergebnisse Die Studie liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse zur Akzeptanz und Machbarkeit von Human Guidance zur Kompetenzentwicklung mit Mental Health Apps in multiprofessionellen Gesundheitsteams.

Diskussion Die erfolgreiche Implementierung von DN kann die Nutzung von DiGAs in Deutschland fördern und damit die Versorgungssituation von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen verbessern.
Digitale Remote Measurement Based Care Systeme in der Psychiatrischen Versorgung von Menschen mit schweren psychischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Wiegmann Caspar , Benedyk Anastasia , Machleid Felix , Kaminski Jakob
Published: December 2024

Remote Measurement Based Care (RMBC) bezeichnet die Anwendung digitaler Technologien zur kontinuierlichen Erfassung und Analyse von Patientendaten in der psychiatrischen Versorgung. Diese Form der Versorgung nutzt digitale Tools, um die Behandlungsergebnisse zu verbessern, indem sie eine regelmäßige Messung der Symptome, Nebenwirkungen, Aktivitäten und den Austausch von Informationen zwischen Patienten und Behandler ermöglicht. RMBC ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um die Therapie von psychischen Erkrankungen zu optimieren und die Patientenbeteiligung zu fördern. In diesem Artikel werden ausgewählte Anwendungen von RMBC sowie Überlappungen und Unterschiede zu ähnlichen Konzepten wie Psychotherapie-Feedback und Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) beschrieben. Anwendungen von RMBC bei psychiatrischen Erkrankungen, insbesondere schweren psychischen Erkrankungen (severe mental illness, SMI) werden dargestellt, sowie Chancen und Implementierungsbarrieren diskutiert.
Comparison of Microwave and Radiofrequency Ablation for the Treatment of Small- and Medium-Sized Hepatocellular Carcinomas in a Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Martin Simon S. , Gruber-Rouh Tatjana , Booz Christian , Koch Vitali , Nour-Eldin Nour-Eldin A. , Hussainy Said M.N.
Published: December 2024

Purpose To compare the therapeutic response and clinical outcome of CT-guided percutaneous microwave (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of small- and medium-sized HCC.

Materials and Methods In this prospective trial, 50 patients with HCC were randomly assigned to MWA or RFA treatment. MRI was performed 24 h before and after ablation and subsequently in 3-month intervals. Ablation volumes, ablation durations, adverse events (AE), technique efficacy, technical success, local tumor progression (LTP), disease-free survival (DFS), intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), and overall survival (OS) rates were evaluated.

Results The mean ablation volume was 66.5 cm³ for MWA and 29.2  cm³ for RFA (p < 0.01). The mean ablation durations for MWA and RFA were 11.2 ± 4.0 min and 16.3 ± 4.7 min, respectively (p < 0.01). Six mild AEs were documented (p > 0.05). All treatments had a technical success rate and a technique efficacy rate of 100 % (50/50, p = 1.00). LTP within 2 years occurred in 1/25 (4 %) in the MWA group and in 4/25 (16 %) in the RFA group (p = 0.06). IDR within 2 years was 8/25 (32 %) for MWA and 14/25 (56 %) for RFA (p < 0.05). The median DFS was 24.5 months and 13.4 months for MWA and RFA, respectively (p = 0.02). The 1-, 2-, 3-year OS rates were 100 %, 80 %, 72 % in the MWA group and 72 %, 64 %, 60 % in the RFA group, respectively (p ≥ 0.14).

Conclusion The clinical outcome after MWA or RFA for HCC treatment was very similar with no significant differences in LTP or OS. However, MWA shows a trend toward better DFS with fewer IDRs than RFA.

Key Points
Non-factor Therapies for Hemophilia: Achievements and Perspectives
Authors: Jiménez-Yuste Victor
Published: November 2024

Non-factor replacement therapies (NFTs) have been developed to address the limitations of conventional replacement therapies, aiming to improve hemostasis and provide enhanced protection against bleeding episodes and long-term joint damage for patients both with and without inhibitors. Factor VIII (FVIII)-mimetic agents, such as emicizumab, have transformed the management of hemophilia A with inhibitors, offering a lower treatment burden and an effective alternative for those without inhibitors as well. Rebalancing agents, including anti-tissular factor pathway inhibitor agents (concizumab and marstacimab) and serpin inhibitors like fitusiran, have shown promising efficacy for patients with hemophilia B with inhibitors and other hemophilia subtypes. Administered subcutaneously, NFTs generate stable thrombin levels and feature a long half-life, which can shift severe hemophilia toward a milder phenotype. These therapies are effective regardless of inhibitor status and hold potential for application in other bleeding disorders. Evaluating the potential thrombotic risk after implementing mitigation measures, along with the development of anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), remain critical areas for further analysis. NFTs pose additional challenges due to their complex mechanism of action and the absence of a standardized laboratory assessment method. Unresolved issues include optimal management strategies for major surgeries and tailored approaches for safe use in older populations. This review highlights the progress and future potential of NFTs in treating persons with hemophilia.
Risk messaging style and its effect on public preparedness for earthquakes: longitudinal intervention-based study
Authors: Levy Liel , Bodas Moran
Published: December 2024

This study examines the effect of risk communication styles (fear-based versus empowerment-based) on households’ earthquake preparedness. An online longitudinal study with intervention and control groups was conducted using a representative sample of the adult population in Israel. The change in the reported level of preparedness was assessed through Repeated Measures ANOVA with interaction effects for both the risk communication style and gender. The Analysis revealed a significant difference in reported levels of earthquake preparedness over time (F(1.697,303.70) = 102.58, p < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.36). However, no statistically significant interaction was found with the risk communication style (p = 0.55). Borderline significance (p = 0.04) was observed in the three-way interaction (time-intervention-gender). Gender (β = 0.19), age (β = 0.21), perceived earthquake likelihood (β = 0.14), and sense of preparedness (β = 0.28) were significant predictors in multivariate regression analysis. While consistently showing that participants exposed to empowering information reported higher earthquake preparedness, the research hypothesis was not substantiated. Recommendations for public health policy are discussed.
Deriving nonlinear pricing schemes using modified least deviations spline regression
Authors: Radic Dubravko
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear pricing is a form of price differentiation in which the average price per unit is a nonlinear decreasing function of demand. It is widely used in many industries such as telecommunications or utilities. Rationales for using nonlinear pricing are manifold, ranging from taking account of decreasing marginal utilities of customers to building up switching costs. As with other forms of price differentiation, the potential for capturing consumer surplus and increasing profits is considerable. Nonlinear pricing schemes come in various forms, such as discounts, buy-one-get-one, power shopping, two-part tariffs, and block-tariffs. All these forms are well known. However, little is said about how exactly to systematically derive an optimal nonlinear pricing scheme. In this paper, I propose a new systematic empirical approach using a modified least deviations Spline regression-estimator.
Nonlinear absorption of a strong electromagnetic wave in a semiconductor
Authors: Glazman L. I. , Tsukernik V. M.
Published: December 2024

We consider the interaction of a strong electromagnetic wave with an intrinsic two-band semiconductor. Both resonant and nonresonant parts of the interaction are considered. The former leads to the steady state distribution of quasiparticles, and the latter to the oscillation of the distribution around the stationary value, and to energy absorption. The absorption is determined by the response of the system, in a steady state, to a weak perturbation. The analysis shows that the limiting cases of the result display different field dependences.
Influence of a magnetic field on the attenuation and speed of sound in tin
Authors: Gaidukov Yu. P. , Vasil’ev A. N. , Lyubimov A. G.
Published: December 2024

The electronic attenuation and dispersion of transverse and longitudinal sound in tin was studied using a noncontact method in a magnetic field of up to 80 kOe at 4.2°K. The angular dependences of the electromagnetic excitation of sound in the (100) plane were studied. An estimate was made of the relaxation time for the current carriers from measured amplitudes of the quantum oscillations of the attenuation and the speed of the longitudinal sound. In the sixth energy band, the value of the cross section τ′1 comprised 9·10−9 sec.
Local heating in dislocation ensembles at low temperatures
Authors: Malygin G. A.
Published: December 2024

Local heating in moving dislocation ensembles is analyzed on the basis of representing dislocations as linear thermal sources. Heating of a crystal by a single dislocation loop, by a Frank–Read dislocation source, and by a group of dislocation sources on parallel glide planes is examined. The local temperature distribution for the corresponding ensembles, which was obtained by a numerical method with the help of a computer, is presented as are estimates for the heating values applicable to the low-temperature deformation region.
Investigation of the mobility and current-voltage characteristics of surface electrons in helium
Authors: Esel’son B. N. , Rybalko A. S. , Kovdrya Yu. Z.
Published: December 2024

The high-frequency conductivity and current-voltage characteristics of a layer of electrons localized on the surface of liquid helium are investigated in the temperature range 0.4−0.7°K at frequencies 4.7 and 14.7 MHz and in drift fields up to ∼5 mV/cm. It is shown that at low drift fields the mobility of the surface electron layer does not depend on the drift field, but with increasing field it grows and then, passing through a maximum, drops. The dependences obtained are attributed to a gradual heating of the electron system by the drift field and the transition of surface electrons to higher energy levels. The effect mentioned leads to the appearance of features on the current-voltage characteristics which are accompanied by hysteresis in the electric field. Moreover, some other features are observed on the current-voltage curves which characterize the dynamics of the heating of the electron layer.
Frequency dependence of the penetration depth of an electric field in a superconductor
Authors: Kulik I. O.
Published: December 2024

Equations of a two-fluid model of superconductivity are formulated describing the dynamics of nonzero-gap superconductors near the critical temperature Tc. Making use of this model, we consider the problem of the penetration of a longitudinal electric field into a superconductor and the collective oscillations of the phase of the order parameter. The conversion mechanism of normal excitations into Cooper pairs (the branch-mixing mechanism) associated with the interaction of electrons with collective oscillations which leads to a temperature independent electric-field penetration depth Λ is discussed. The frequency dependence of Λ calculated in the paper permits the determination of the conversion time, which decreases as Tc is approached.
Theory of the Knight shift near the points of Fermi surface with changing topology
Authors: Vorontsov S. A. , Dolgopolov D. G.
Published: December 2024

We propose a theory of the Knight shift for a group of states near the symmetry points of the Brillouin zone, taking into account correctly the magnetization of the state lk, where l is the band number. Using the Green’s function we obtain an equation which makes it possible to calculate directly the quantity ΔH/H for states described by the kp Hamiltonian matrix. This Hamiltonian takes into account the interaction of the electron magnetic moment with the nuclear spin. The general Knight shift is written in the form of a sum of the spin and orbital contributions Ks and Korb. As an example we consider a two-band model. The kp expansion of the Hamiltonian is obtained by the method of invariants for the corresponding points of the Brillouin zone for the body centered cubic, face centered cubic, and hexagonal close-packed lattices, and it is shown that Ks contains a term linearly proportional to the Fourier component of the lattice potential due to transitions between bands.
Finite element analysis of coating thickness effect over metal nanostructures for hyperthermia
Authors: Asghar Tanzeela , Naz Muhammad Yasin , Afzal Saba , Abbas Ghulam , Ibrahim Ahmed Ahmed , Khan Yasin , Farooq Muhammad Umar
Published: December 2024

As a therapeutic approach for cancer, hyperthermia involves selectively increasing the temperature of affected tissues while preserving adjacent healthy tissues. This study explores the efficacy of pristine and coated silver, copper, and gold nanostructures such as nanorods, nanospheres, and nanoellipsoids for hyperthermia. This study performed finite element analysis to assess the relative performance of pristine nanostructures and those covered with different coating thicknesses. The metallic nanostructures were enclosed within the spherical zone of malignant tissue of 500 nm size, and the ambient temperature of these nanostructures was increased to 42–46 °C. Thermal equilibrium was reached after 0.1 μs of heating in the treatment region. Compared to other geometries, the nanorods quickly attained the required temperature in the treatment region. The nanorods with 1 nm coating thickness showed a fast heating response compared to 2 and 3 nm coatings. Silver, gold, and copper nanorods reached a temperature of 44.2, 43.6, and 43.5 °C, respectively, after 0.1 μs of heating. Gold-coated silver nanorods were discovered to be most efficient at achieving the highest temperature of 44.2 °C.
Techno economic analysis of optimal load scheduling approach in a standalone hybrid microgrid system
Authors: Kushwaha Pawan Kumar , Bhattacharjee Chayan , Tripathy Debasis
Published: December 2024

To increase the profitability of a standalone hybrid microgrid system, an optimized load scheduling strategy is required. The aim of this paper is to establish a mavin load scheduling approach for a standalone hybrid microgrid system (SHMGS) that reduces power generation costs, load shedding and achieve energy efficiency. The SHMGS includes Photovoltaics, Wind Power, Battery Energy Storage System, Diesel Generator, and Methanol Generator. A techno-economic study is carried out using HOMER Pro. Two different modes of load scheduling approach (LSA) are considered on the basis of customer comfort violation, customer behavior uncertainty, and complexity. In addition, the study looks into the effects of two different modes of load scheduling, utilizing deferrable load sections and different dispatch strategies, on the economic efficiency of the SHMGS configuration. Optimized SHMGS with the LSA (mode-2)-dataset-2 has the cost of energy 0.1694 $/kWh, total net present cost 335 792 $, annualized cost of the system 29 017 $, excess electricity 45 503 kWh/yr, and carbon emission 30 786 kg/yr.
High-fidelity robust decoding of multiplexed recording by deep learning
Authors: Mou Zhen , Yang Qing-Shuai , Qin Fei , Xu Yi , Cao Yao-Yu , Li Xiang-Ping
Published: December 2024

Multiplexing information in light’s fundamental attributes to create supplementary orthogonal data channels has been well heralded as an effective means for optical data storage with greatly enhanced capacities. However, robust decoding methods against inevitable crosstalks associated with experimental noise and writing imperfections as the increase of multiplexing dimensions represent a major hurdle preventing the effective practice of multi-dimensional optical recording. Here, we propose a deep-learning-based retrieval approach for robust decoding multiplexed information. An artificial neural network is trained to learn the crosstalks from multiplexed recording in disordered gold nanorod aggregates with loosened orthogonality constraints. The acquired raw readout images are analyzed by the trained neural network, which allows quick, high-fidelity, and reliable information retrieval from polarization-, wavelength-, and 3D spatially multiplexed data. The smart decoding protocol paves the way toward the mass-production ready and wide-spread application of high-capacity multi-dimensional optical storage.
Thin films as practical quantum materials: A status quo and beyond
Authors: Ha Chaehyeong , Chung Yoon Jang
Published: December 2024

Quantum materials have been in the limelight for several years now. These materials exhibit intriguing quantum phenomena, which, when harnessed properly, promise extraordinary advancements across various scientific and technological domains. To fully exploit their potential, it is imperative to synthesize such quantum materials in thin film form so that they are compatible with well-established device fabrication techniques. In this perspective, an overview of the current status and future directions of thin film quantum material synthesis is provided. The criteria for quantum materials are discussed, as well as the many benefits of preparing them as thin films. Prominent deposition techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy and chemical vapor deposition are reviewed along with potential contenders. Despite challenges, progress in thin film quantum material technology holds the potential to realize practical devices with unprecedented functionalities.
High detectivity terahertz radiation sensing using frequency-noise-optimized nanomechanical resonators
Authors: Zhang Chang , Yalavarthi Eeswar K. , Giroux Mathieu , Cui Wei , Stephan Michel , Maleki Ali , Weck Arnaud , Ménard Jean-Michel , St-Gelais Raphael
Published: December 2024

We achieve high detectivity terahertz radiation sensing using a silicon nitride nanomechanical resonator functionalized with a metasurface absorber. High performances are achieved by striking a balance between the frequency stability of the resonator and its responsivity to absorbed radiation. Using this approach, we demonstrate a detectivity D*≈3.4×109cm⋅Hz/W and a noise equivalent power NEP≈36pW/Hz that outperform the best room-temperature on-chip THz detectors, such as pyroelectric detectors, while maintaining a comparable thermal response time of ≈200 ms. Our optical absorber consists of a 1-mm diameter metasurface, which currently enables a 0.5–3 THz detection range but can easily be scaled to other frequencies in the THz and infrared ranges. In addition to demonstrating high-performance terahertz radiation sensing, our work unveils an important fundamental trade-off between frequency stability and responsivity in thermal-based nanomechanical radiation sensors.
Frequency-driven-multistable hazy states for smart windows with ultralow power consumption
Authors: Ryu J. W. , Choi G. J. , Jeon H. J. , Choi Y. , Gwag J. S.
Published: December 2024

This study presents an ultralow-power smart window that uses frequency-driven electroconvection in a chiral liquid crystal (LC) to generate multiple stable haze states. Irradiating a chiral nematic LC mixture with ultraviolet light ionizes some LC molecules, activating electroconvection that causes dynamic light scattering. The haze state depends on frequency and voltage because of the mass and charge of the LC molecular ions. These parameters control the ratio of the focal-conic (haze) to the planar (transparent) states that arise when the voltage is removed. In particular, the applied frequency most strongly influences the distance through which the massive LC molecular ions can move during a one-half cycle. Notably, these states are considerably stable; thus, they exhibit a constant haze over a long period. Experimental results show that by varying the frequency at a constant voltage and, subsequently, removing the voltage, continuous and stable haze values can be obtained at each frequency and that each of these states maintains similar haze levels (within 2% variation) for >1 day. These findings indicate the possibility of creating ultralow-power smart windows using these frequency-driven, multistable haze states.
Effects of irradiation-induced voids on confined layer slips in metallic nanolaminates
Authors: Fani Mahshad , Cervantes Luis , Raj Anshu , Xu Shuozhi
Published: December 2024

Metallic nanolaminates are promising materials for nuclear applications due to their ability to withstand extreme radiation environments by trapping irradiation-induced defects. However, the effects of irradiation-induced voids on confined layer slips (CLS) in nanolaminates remain largely unexplored. In this study, molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate how void size and location impact CLS in two types of Ag/Cu nanolaminates. Nanolaminated Ag and Ag single crystals are also studied as references. The results show that voids act as obstacles, significantly increasing the critical stress for dislocation glide. The void location plays a role in the critical stress but in different ways for different slip planes. The void-induced hardening is stronger on planes with lower intrinsic critical stress; as a result, adding a void homogenizes the resistance to CLS across different slip planes. Ag/Cu type II nanolaminates, where the two crystals have a “cube-on-cube” crystallographic orientation, demonstrate reduced void-induced hardening compared to type I, where two adjacent layers possess differing crystallographic orientations. In addition, some void-containing nanolaminated Ag show lower critical stress than their single-crystal line counterparts.
Growth-dependent concentration gradient of the oscillating Min system in Escherichia coli
Authors: Parada Claudia Morais , Yan Ching-Cher Sanders , Hung Cheng-Yu , Tu I-Ping , Hsu Chao-Ping , Shih Yu-Ling
Published: December 2024

Cell division in Escherichia coli is intricately regulated by the MinD and MinE proteins, which form oscillatory waves between cell poles. These waves manifest as concentration gradients that reduce MinC inhibition at the cell center, thereby influencing division site placement. This study explores the plasticity of the MinD gradients resulting from the interdependent interplay between molecular interactions and diffusion in the system. Through live cell imaging, we observed that as cells elongate, the gradient steepens, the midcell concentration decreases, and the oscillation period stabilizes. A one-dimensional model investigates kinetic rate constants representing various molecular interactions, effectively recapitulating our experimental findings. The model reveals the nonlinear dynamics of the system and a dynamic equilibrium among these constants, which underlie variable concentration gradients in growing cells. This study enhances quantitative understanding of MinD oscillations within the cellular environment. Furthermore, it emphasizes the fundamental role of concentration gradients in cellular processes.
RADD-CycleGAN: unsupervised reconstruction of high-quality ultrasound image based on CycleGAN with residual attention and dual-domain discrimination
Authors: Si Mateng , Wu Musheng , Wang Qing
Published: December 2024

Plane wave (PW) imaging is fast, but limited by poor imaging quality. Coherent PW compounding (CPWC) improves image quality but decrease frame rate. In this study, we propose a modified CycleGAN model that combines a residual attention module with a space-frequency dual-domain discriminator, termed RADD-CycleGAN, to rapidly reconstruct high-quality ultrasound images. To enhance the ability to reconstruct image details, we specially design a process of hybrid dynamic and static channel selection followed by the frequency domain discriminator. The low-quality images are generated by the 3-angle CPWC, while the high-quality images are generated as real images (ground truth) by the 75-angle CPWC. The training set includes unpaired images, whereas the images in the test set are paired to verify the validity and superiority of the proposed model. Finally, we respectively design ablation and comparison experiments to evaluate the model performance. Compared with the basic CycleGAN, our proposed method reaches a better performance, with a 7.8% increase in the peak signal-to-noise ratio and a 22.2% increase in the structural similarity index measure. The experimental results show that our method achieves the best unsupervised reconstruction from low quality images in comparison with several state-of-the-art methods.
Predicting of structural, elastic, vibration, and thermodynamic properties of XThSn (X = Pt and Ni) thermoelectric materials
Authors: Ciftci Y Oztekin , Bioud N , Kars Durukan İ
Published: December 2024

In this study, we performed a theoretical analysis of three different phases of the XThSn (X: Pt, Ni) Half-Heusler compounds using the DFT method implemented in the VASP program. We determined the structural properties of these cubic Half-Heusler compounds and identified that the second phase is the most energetically stable. Our analysis of the elastic properties revealed that these compounds are mechanically stable and ductile. We also evaluated their anisotropy properties in three dimensions and found that, apart from linear compressibility, the compounds exhibit anisotropic behavior. The vibrational properties confirmed the dynamic stability of the compounds. Furthermore, we assessed the thermodynamic properties within the 0–1000 K temperature range and the pressure range of 0–30 GPa. Our detailed investigation of the physical properties of the XThSn (X: Pt, Ni) Half-Heusler compounds provides valuable insights for future theoretical and practical research.
Transport and optical study of mechanically stable novel RNiSb (R= Tb, Dy, Tm) half-Heusler compounds for thermoelectric and optoelectronic applications
Authors: Mehta Shreya , Saini Sapan Mohan
Published: December 2024

Spin polarised calculations using the GGA+U method, has been performed for the study of structural stability, electronic, mechanical, thermodynamic, and thermoelectric behavior of half-Heusler compounds RNiSb (R = Tb, Dy, Tm). The calculated formation energy ensures the thermodynamic stability and fulfilment of Born–Huang criteria confirms the mechanical stability of the studied compounds. An indirect narrow energy gap of 0.11, 0.16 and 0.54 eV for RNiSb (R = Tb, Dy, Tm) half-Heusler, respectively, is found to open up using GGA+U calculations. The brittle nature of these compounds is also validated by the calculated values of Pugh’s ratio and Cauchy pressure. Our calculated optical spectra of these compounds suggest feasibility for application as optoelectronic devices operating in the visible and near ultraviolet spectrum. High value of the calculated melting temperature (around 1400 K) as well as experimental observations of thermoelectric properties up to 1000 K, confirms the mechanical stability of these RNiSb compounds at elevated temperatures. We obtained high values of Seebeck coefficient, which is consistent with the experimental data. Therefore, these compounds are suitable as potential candidates for high temperature thermoelectric applications.
Structural, electrical, and photothermal conversion studies of triglycine sulfate/graphene oxide composites for pyroelectric detector and energy harvesting applications
Authors: Mousa Emad , Taha Eman O , Tammam Ahmed K
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the figures of merit for pyroelectric detectors and energy harvesting of polycrystalline triglycine sulfate (TGS) loaded with different weight ratios of graphene oxide (GO). FTIR, XRD, and DSC techniques are used to characterize the synthesized composites. Structural changes in TGS upon GO loading correlate to the subsequent variations in composites’ dielectric, pyroelectric, optical, and photothermal properties. The results revealed that doping TGS by low content of GO (1%–5% by weight) could improve its photothermal effectiveness and figures of merit for pyroelectric detectors and energy harvesting applications.
Numerical simulation of linear time-fractional parabolic equations with generalized cardinal sine kernel derivatives
Authors: Odibat Zaid
Published: December 2024

Recently, a new concept of fractional differentiation with non-singular generalized cardinal sine kernel was proposed. In this paper, we considered a framework for linear time-fractional parabolic equations by incorporating a modified extension of the generalized cardinal sine kernel fractional derivative operator which is based on a singular kernel. This study is concerned with simulating linear time-fractional parabolic equations in the context of the studied framework. We essentially suggested a numerical scheme to present approximate solutions of linear time-fractional parabolic equations involving the extended version of the recently developed derivative. The extended version is able to overcome the limitations of the considered derivative in relation to the modeling issue. The proposed scheme depends on discretizing the studied time-fractional models according to spatial and temporal variables. Numerical simulations and 3D graphics of novel time-fractional parabolic models are presented. The solution space of the studied models is the space L
1.
The strapdown shipborne gravimetry for ocean based on SINS/GNSS: comparison and optimization
Authors: Qian Lei-Yuan , Qin Fang-Jun , Li Kai-Long , Chang Lu-Bin , Zhu Tian-Gao , Gao Peng-Hua
Published: December 2024

The strapdown inertial scalar gravimetry (SISG) has become one of the main methods for measuring marine gravity. SIGS requires specific force, attitude, velocity, and position information for gravimetry. The attitude can be obtained by the strapdown inertial navigation system/global navigation satellite system (SINS/GNSS) integration, and the displacement information comes from GNSS or SINS/GNSS. Therefore, based on the different sources of displacement information, shipborne SISG can be divided into two modes. Namely, the gravimetry method of different parameter sources (DPGM) based on displacement information of GNSS and the attitude of SINS/GNSS, as well as the full parameter gravimetry method (FPGM) based on the attitude and displacement information of SINS/GNSS. Since the accuracy of GNSS can meet the requirements for gravimetry, the theoretical studies and applications of DPGM are more common. For FPGM, this idea is more often used in underwater applications (SINS/ doppler velocity log (SINS/DVL), etc). However, it rarely appears in shipborne applications. Moreover, there is relatively little theoretical analysis on FPGM. In fact, FPGM also has certain application prospects due to the high accuracy. Based on this, this article first provides the measurement model and steps of FPGM, and conducts the theoretical analysis of FPGM. The comparison is made with DPGM from the perspective of error terms. And it is pointed out that FPGM has better potential for anti-interference improvement than DPGM. Then, from the perspective of application, we propose the investigated linear robust Kalman filter (LRKF) based on Huber-M estimation without traversing all dimensions and introduce the horizontal acceleration and bias corrections to improve FPGM. Finally, the optimized FPGM (OFPGM) is obtained. The results of lake and sea tests show that FPGM has certain research value. And OFPGM has higher performance in high dynamic condition and when GNSS occurs interference, which is more suitable for offshore measurement.
Roughness of fuzzy sets by binary relations induced from soft relations with application in decision making
Authors: Mehmood Saeed , Gul Rizwan , Shabir Muhammad , Alballa Tmader , Khalifa Hamiden Abd El-Wahed
Published: December 2024

Binary relations are significant in mathematics and information sciences. Meanwhile, fuzzy set (FS), rough set (RSs), and soft set (SS) are efficient mathematical schemes for dealing with uncertain and vague information in real-world circumstances. This article explores rough approximations of an FS based on induced binary relations from a soft relation that are given in terms of foresets and aftersets. We first analyze two pairs of rough approximations based on induced binary relations and review their distinctive features. Additionally, we construct two variants of fuzzy topologies through the use of induced reflexive relations. Meanwhile, several similarity relations associated with induced reflexive relations are also discussed. Moreover, we introduce a decision making (DM) method that aligns with the invented approach. The decision steps and the algorithm of the decision method are also specified. A practical illustration verifies the legitimacy of the decision method. A detailed comparative analysis further authenticates the viability and efficacy of the projected method over existing decision-making techniques. A detailed comparative analysis further authenticates the viability and efficacy of the projected method over existing decision-making techniques.
The profile of soliton molecules for integrable complex coupled Kuralay equations
Authors: Hussain Akhtar , Ibrahim Tarek F , Bashier Mnahil M , Osman Waleed M , Dawood Arafa A
Published: December 2024

This study focuses on mathematically exploring the Kuralay equation, which is applicable in diverse fields, such as nonlinear optics, optical fibers, and ferromagnetic materials. This study aims to investigate various soliton solutions and analyze the integrable motion of the induced space curves. This study employs traveling wave transformation, converting the partial differential equation (PDE) into an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Soliton solutions are derived utilizing both the generalized Jacobi elliptic function expansion (JEFE) method and novel extended direct algebraic (EDA) methods. The results encompass a diverse range of soliton solutions, including double periodic waves, shock wave solutions, kink-shaped soliton solutions, solitary waves, bell-shaped solitons, and periodic wave solutions obtained using Mathematica. In contrast, the EDA method produces dark, bright, singular, combined dark-bright solitons, dark-singular combined solitons, solitary wave solutions, etc.. The visual representation of these soliton solutions is accomplished through 3D, 2D, and contour graphics with a meticulous selection of parametric values. The graphical presentation underscores the influence of these parameters on soliton propagation.