bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balkanization and pauperization: Analysis of media capture of public service broadcasters in the Western Balkans
Authors: Milosavljević Marko , Poler Melita
Published: August 2017

This article provides an in-depth analysis of public service broadcasters in seven countries of the Western Balkans from the perspective of capture by political and market forces. A lack of editorial independence, reflected in politically biased, pro-government news content, is the main problem of public service broadcasting in the region. Another factor is the commercialization of programs, reflected in the neglect of public interest content in favor of entertainment formats, and the introduction of sponsored content and product placement. Financial difficulties, small fragmented markets, minor languages, weak economies, market pressures from commercial broadcasters, inefficient license fee collection, pressure and interference from political elites, as well as characteristics of local political and journalistic culture are among the reasons that public service broadcasters in these post-communist countries currently display similar characteristics.
Transparency of Biobank Access in Canada: An Assessment of Industry Access and the Availability of Information on Access Policies and Resulting Research
Authors: Gibson Shannon G. , Axler Renata E. , Lemmens Trudo
Published: August 2017

A key issue impacting public trust in biobanks is how these resources are utilized, including who is given access to biobank data and samples. To assess the conditions under which researchers are given access to Canadian biobanks, we reviewed websites and contacted Canadian biobanks to determine the availability of information on access policies and procedures; research resulting from access biobank data and samples; and conditions on private industry access to biobanks. We also conducted expert interviews with key Canadian stakeholders ( n = 11) to obtain their perspectives on biobank transparency and access policies. Among 21 Canadian biobanks, there was wide variation in the access information made publicly available, and the majority of these allowed access by industry applicants. Biobanks should be governed by the principles of transparency, accountability, and accessibility, and attention must be given to the conditions around the commercialization of biobank-based research.
So Gross and Yet so Far Away
Authors: van Dijke Marius , van Houwelingen Gijs , De Cremer David , De Schutter Leander
Published: August 2017

People morally evaluate norm violations that occur at various distances from the self (e.g., a corrupt politician vs. a cheating spouse). Yet, distance is rarely studied as a moderator of moral judgment processes. We focus on the influence of disgust on moral judgments, as evidence here has remained inconclusive. Based on feelings as information theory and the notion that disgust evolved as a pathogen avoidance mechanism, we argue that disgust influences moral judgment of psychologically distant (vs. near) norm violations. Studies 1 and 3 show that trait disgust sensitivity (but not trait anger and fear) more strongly predicts moral judgment of distant than near violations. Studies 2 and 4 show that incidental disgust affects moral judgment of distant (vs. near) violations and that the moderating role of distance is mediated by involvement of others (vs. the self) in the evaluator’s conceptualization of the violation.
A national survey of pain clinics within the United Kingdom and Ireland focusing on the multidisciplinary team and the incorporation of the extended nursing role
Authors: Kailainathan Pungavi , Humble Stephen , Dawson Helen , Cameron Fiona , Gokani Shyam , Lidder Gursimren
Published: August 2017

Inconsistencies in the availability and quality of pain service provision have been noted nationally, as have lengthy waiting times for appointments and lack of awareness of the Pain Clinic role. The 2013 NHS England report stated that specialist pain services must offer multispecialty and multidisciplinary pain clinics. This national survey of multidisciplinary pain service provision in the United Kingdom and Ireland provides a snapshot of pain service provision in order to review and highlight what variations exist in multidisciplinary team (MDT) provision and working patterns. A common perception among clinicians is that financial pressures have led to alternate ways of staff utilisation with variable degrees of success. The survey included 143 pain clinics, focusing principally on MDT working patterns, MDT composition and adoption of the extended role. The results identified that the majority of Pain Clinics utilise the MDT approach. However, provision of critical components such as regular MDT meetings is highly variable as is the composition of the MDT itself and also working patterns of the individual clinicians. The survey reports the successful use of the extended roles for specialist nurses in follow up clinics. In contrast, the survey highlights that a large proportion of clinicians surveyed have reservations about both the effectiveness and the safety of utilising specialist nurses in the extended role to see new referrals of complex pain patients to pain clinics. This survey underlines the essential requirement for incorporation of greater MDT working locally and nationally and allocation of appropriate resources to facilitate this.
Acute recurrent lymphocytic meningitis in an immunocompetent HIV-positive African woman: Is it a Mollaret’s meningitis or not?
Authors: Yoganathan Katie Tharshana , Cherif Soumeya , Rashid Mariam , Yoganathan Kathir
Published: August 2017

We report a case of acute recurrent meningitis in an HIV-positive immunocompetent woman. In this case, a 34-year-old African woman with a known HIV infection presented with symptoms of acute meningitis. She was on combination antiretroviral therapy with abacavir, lamivudine, and nevirapine. Her HIV RNA level was <70 IU/mL, and CD4 counts were 640 cells/mm3. This indicates that she was not immunocompromised. She was febrile on examination, with marked neck stiffness. Her cerebrospinal fluid revealed raised white cell counts with 100% lymphocytes and mildly raised protein. Polymerase chain reaction confirmed herpes simplex type 2 meningitis. She recovered fully with aciclovir 800 mg three times a day. However, she was readmitted with a similar presentation 5 months after the initial admission. Her cerebrospinal fluid confirmed recurrent herpes simplex type 2 meningitis. This case alerts the profession to the possibility of non-opportunistic infections in an immunocompetent HIV-positive patient and of herpes simplex virus type 2 causing recurrent lymphocytic meningitis.
Management of Breast Milk Oversupply in Traditional Persian Medicine
Authors: Kabiri Marya , Kamalinejad Mohammad , Sohrabvand Farnaz , Bioos Soodabeh , Babaeian Mohammad
Published: August 2017

Comprehensive explanation about milk oversupply is not available in the current literature because few studies have been done on this topic. In traditional Persian medicine, milk oversupply and its management have been described. The aim of this study was to investigate milk oversupply from the perspective of medieval Persian practitioners. In this study, some main medical resources of traditional Persian medicine such as Al-Havi and the Canon of Medicine were studied to extract valuable information about milk oversupply. Etiology of milk overproduction according to traditional Persian medicine is based on humors theory and cannot be easily compared with current medical concepts. Diet modifications and natural remedies have been applied for managing this condition but the majority of traditional Persian medicine interventions for reducing milk oversupply have not been scientifically investigated in modern medicine. The knowledge of milk oversupply in traditional Persian medicine may be helpful to conduct further related studies.
The CCR2 3′UTR functions as a competing endogenous RNA to inhibit breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Hu Jinhang , Li Xiaoman , Guo Xinwei , Guo Qianqian , Xiang Chenxi , Zhang Zhiting , Xing Yingying , Xi Tao , Zheng Lufeng
Published: August 2017

Diverse RNA transcripts acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) can co-regulate each other's expression by competing for shared microRNAs. CCR2 protein, the receptor for CCL2, is implicated in cancer progression. However, we found that a higher CCR2 mRNA level is remarkably associated with prolonged survival of breast cancer patients. These conflicting results prompted us to study the non-coding function of CCR2 mRNA. We found that the CCR2 3′ untranslated region (UTR) inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell metastasis by repressing epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro, and suppressed breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, the CCR2 3′UTR modulated the expression of the RhoGAP protein STARD13 via acting as a STARD13 ceRNA in a microRNA-dependent and protein coding-independent manner. The CCR2 3′UTR blocked the activation of RhoA–ROCK1 pathway, which is the downstream effector of STARD13, and thus decreased the phosphorylation level of myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) and formation of F-actin. Additionally, the function of the CCR2 3′UTR was dependent on STARD13 expression. In conclusion, our results confirmed that the CCR2 3′UTR acts as a metastasis suppressor by acting as a ceRNA for STARD13 and thus inhibiting RhoA–ROCK1–MLC–F-actin pathway in breast cancer cells.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Maternal DCAF2 is crucial for maintenance of genome stability during the first cell cycle in mice
Authors: Xu Yi-Wen , Cao Lan-Rui , Wang Min , Xu Ying , Wu Xin , Liu Junping , Tong Chao , Fan Heng-Yu
Published: August 2017

Precise regulation of DNA replication and genome integrity is crucial for gametogenesis and early embryogenesis. Cullin ring-finger ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) has multiple functions in the maintenance of germ cell survival, oocyte meiotic maturation, and maternal-zygotic transition in mammals. DDB1–cullin-4-associated factor-2 (DCAF2, also known as DTL or CDT2) is an evolutionarily conserved substrate receptor of CRL4. To determine whether DCAF2 is a key CRL4 substrate adaptor in mammalian oocytes, we generated a novel mouse strain that carries a Dcaf2 allele flanked by loxP sequences, and specifically deleted Dcaf2 in oocytes. Dcaf2 knockout in mouse oocytes leads to female infertility. Although Dcaf2-null oocytes were able to develop and mature normally, the embryos derived from them were arrested at one- to two-cell stage, owing to prolonged DNA replication and accumulation of massive DNA damage. These results indicate that DCAF2 is a previously unrecognized maternal factor that safeguards zygotic genome stability. Maternal DCAF2 protein is crucial for prevention of DNA re-replication in the first and unique mitotic cell cycle of the zygote.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Dolphin blubber/ axial muscle shear: implications for rigid trans-dermal intra-muscular tracking tag trauma in whales
Authors: Moore Michael J. , Zerbini Alexandre N.
Published: August 2017

Whale tracking tags often penetrate semi-rigid blubber, with intramuscular sharp tips and toggling barbs under the subdermal sheath to reduce premature shedding. Tag sites can show persistent regional swellings or depressions. Fibroelastic blubber grips a tag, so if muscle shears relative to blubber during locomotion, the tag tip could cavitate the muscle within overall shearing distance. We modelled shearing of blubber relative to muscle, within the dorsal-ventral peduncular movement range of four common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) cadavers (mean length 186 cm). The net change in angle and hence tip distance moved was calculated with dorsal and ventral flexion, between 1.5 mm diameter needles inserted into blubber only, versus through blubber into muscle. Shearing ≤3.6 cm, was greatest ventral and caudal to the dorsal fin. Scaled dummy tags were also inserted and the animal cyclically flexed dorsally and ventrally for 18 hours. Tag sites were dissected and cavities around the tag tips documented. If this shearing is comparable in large whales, depressions and regional swellings observed with intramuscular tracking tags are likely the result of tissue loss and repair respectively. Placing tags para-sagittally anterior to the dorsal fin would cause the least trauma, but pain from such tags remains a concern.
The prevalence and clinical significance of anemia in patients hospitalized with acute heart failure
Authors: Frigy Attila , Fogarasi Zoltán , Kocsis Ildikó , Máthé Lehel , Nagy Előd
Published: August 2017

Abstract: In a cohort of patients hospitalized with acute heart failure (AHF) the prevalence of anemia and the existence of a correlation between anemia and the severity of the clinical picture were assessed.

Methods: 50 consecutive patients (34 men, 16 women, mean age 67.5 years) hospitalized with AHF were enrolled.  Statistical analysis was performed for studying correlations between anemia and the presence/levels of diverse parameters (clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic, treatment related)  reflecting the severity and prognosis of AHF (α=0.05).

Results: 21 patients (14 men, 7 women, mean age 69.6 years), representing 42%, had anemia  at admission. Comparing patients with and without anemia there were no significant differences regarding age,  gender,  presence of atrial fibrillation (p=0.75), diabetes (p=1), ischemic heart disease (p=0.9), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) (p=1), hypotension (p=0.34) and tachycardia>100 b/min at admission (p=0.75), level of eGFR (p=0.72), and need of high dose (>80 mg/day)  loop diuretic (p=0.23). However, EF showed a significant positive correlation with eGFR only in AHF patients with anemia (r=0,65, p=0.001). In a multiple regression model, EF had a significant effect on the eGFR quartiles (p=0,004).

Conclusions: Anemia is a frequent finding in patients hospitalized with AHF. The presence of anemia was not correlated with other factors related to AHF severity and prognosis. However, a low EF associated with low eGFR was characteristic for patients with anemia, suggesting that the decrease of renal perfusion by low cardiac output further aggravates anemia on the background of chronic kidney disease.
Intravenous rehydration of malnourished children with acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydration: A systematic review
Authors: Houston Kirsty A. , Gibb Jack G. , Maitland Kathryn
Published: August 2017

Background: Rehydration strategies in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and severe dehydration are extremely cautious. The World Health Organization (WHO) SAM guidelines advise strongly against intravenous fluids unless the child is shocked or severely dehydrated and unable to tolerate oral fluids. Otherwise, guidelines recommend oral or nasogastric rehydration using low sodium oral rehydration solutions. There is limited evidence to support these recommendations.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on 15th June 2017 comparing different strategies of rehydration therapy in children with acute gastroenteritis and severe dehydration, specifically relating to intravenous rehydration, using standard search terms. Two authors assessed papers for inclusion. The primary endpoint was evidence of fluid overload.

Results: Four studies were identified, all published in English, including 883 children, all of which were conducted in low resource settings. Two were randomised controlled trials and two observational cohort studies, one incorporated assessment of myocardial and haemodynamic function. There was no evidence of fluid overload or other fluid-related adverse events, including children managed on more liberal rehydration protocols. Mortality was high overall, and particularly in children with shock managed on WHO recommendations (day-28 mortality 82%). There was no difference in safety outcomes when different rates of intravenous rehydration were compared.

Conclusions: The current ‘strong recommendations’ for conservative rehydration of children with SAM are not based on emerging evidence. We found no clinical trials providing a direct assessment of the current WHO guidelines, and those that were available suggested that these children have a high mortality and remain fluid depleted on current therapy. Recent studies have reported no evidence of fluid overload or heart failure with more liberal rehydration regimens. Clinical trials are urgently required to inform guidelines on routes and rates of intravenous rehydration therapy for dehydration in children with SAM.
Online Reputation Management: Estimating the Impact of Management Responses on Consumer Reviews
Authors: Proserpio Davide , Zervas Georgios
Published: August 2017

We investigate the relationship between a firm’s use of management responses and its online reputation. We focus on the hotel industry and present several findings. First, hotels are likely to start responding following a negative shock to their ratings. Second, hotels respond to positive, negative, and neutral reviews at roughly the same rate. Third, by exploiting variation in the rate with which hotels respond on different review platforms and variation in the likelihood with which consumers are exposed to management responses, we find a 0.12-star increase in ratings and a 12% increase in review volume for responding hotels. Interestingly, when hotels start responding, they receive fewer but longer negative reviews. To explain this finding, we argue that unsatisfied consumers become less likely to leave short indefensible reviews when hotels are likely to scrutinize them. Our results highlight an interesting trade-off for managers considering responding: fewer negative ratings at the cost of longer and more detailed negative feedback.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1043 .
Trade Credit, Risk Sharing, and Inventory Financing Portfolios
Authors: Yang S. Alex , Birge John R.
Published: August 2017

As an integrated part of a supply contract, trade credit has intrinsic connections with supply chain coordination and inventory management. Using a model that explicitly captures the interaction of firms’ operations decisions, financial constraints, and multiple financing channels (bank loans and trade credit), this paper attempts to better understand the risk-sharing role of trade credit—that is, how trade credit enhances supply chain efficiency by allowing the retailer to partially share the demand risk with the supplier. Within this role, in equilibrium, trade credit is an indispensable external source for inventory financing, even when the supplier is at a disadvantageous position in managing default relative to a bank. Specifically, the equilibrium trade credit contract is net terms when the retailer’s financial status is relatively strong. Accordingly, trade credit is the only external source that the retailer uses to finance inventory. By contrast, if the retailer’s cash level is low, the supplier offers two-part terms, inducing the retailer to finance inventory with a portfolio of trade credit and bank loans. Further, a deeper early-payment discount is offered when the supplier is relatively less efficient in recovering defaulted trade credit, or the retailer has stronger market power. Trade credit allows the supplier to take advantage of the retailer’s financial weakness, yet it may also benefit both parties when the retailer’s cash is reasonably high. Finally, using a sample of firm-level data on retailers, we empirically observe the inventory financing pattern that is consistent with what our model predicts.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
“An Open Door”: Responsibility and the Comic Frame in Obama’s Foreign Policy Rhetoric on Iran
Authors: Cram Travis
Published: August 2017

The July 2015 nuclear agreement between Iran and the United States was heralded by many as the best possible chance of avoiding both a nuclear armed Iran and another war in the Middle East. Although success is far from certain, the path to the deal was even less so. That the Obama administration achieved a verifiable suspension of Iran’s enrichment activity in November 2013 was itself a major success. What is even more remarkable is that the Obama administration was able to do so while utilizing the same mix of policy tools, diplomacy, and pressure as the George W. Bush administration. The difference in outcomes is especially confusing given the tendency of foreign policy experts to hold that President Obama’s and President Bush’s foreign policy worldviews are relatively identical. I argue that a rhetorical perspective provides the answer. Specifically, President Obama responded to the challenge of Iran’s nuclear program by fashioning a frame of responsibility in a comic register, shifting the obligation to resolve the standoff peacefully onto both Iran and the United States. A crucial aspect of this rhetorical strategy was that it presented the Iranian regime with the option of rejoining the global community (albeit on restricted terms). Thus, Obama presented a hybrid of Kenneth Burke’s tragic and comic frames that chastised the Iranian regime for dangerous behavior while acknowledging American guilt, error, and responsibility for bringing the nuclear standoff to a peaceful end.
Building a “Dwelling Place” for Justice: Ethos Reinvention in Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Where Do We Go from Here?”
Authors: Werner Jansen B.
Published: August 2017

This essay examines Martin Luther King Jr.’s 1967 speech “Where Do We Go from Here?” Delivered at the 11th annual convention of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the speech addressed the contentious racial politics that permeated the post–Voting Rights landscape. I argue that the speech constituted King’s call for the SCLC to reinvent its ethos—both its “character” and its “dwelling place.” In issuing this call, King cultivated new possibilities for the conceptualization and practice of social justice activism.
Perspectives on love as a component of professional practice
Authors: Vincent Jennifer
Published: August 2017

Since children and youth are often cared for by many professionals who are trained and educated in different disciplinary traditions, it is important that child and youth care (CYC) practitioners who work alongside other professionals have knowledge of how love is understood across different disciplines. Through a review of current literature in the fields of health care, education and CYC, this article explores the perceptions of love across different fields where CYC is practised. It begins by defining love in a manner that reflects the engagement and interactions between individuals in professional and public relationships, and differentiates this from the kind of love present in private relationships. It then focuses on the ways that love is currently being talked about and practised in different professional contexts. While there is increasing openness to talk about love across the human service fields, and some similarities in the questions and assertions that are being raised, there are also differences of opinion regarding love’s place in professional practice both within and across practice domains. In contemplating the varying perceptions of love, I hope to offer the reader an opportunity to be more mindful about the role of love in their own professional practice.
More than just a bracelet: the use of material symbolism to communicate love
Authors: Emond Ruth
Published: August 2017

There is growing recognition of the place of love in residential care for children (Smith, 2009). This paper is a critical analysis of a range of existing research on residential child care as well as studies of material culture and of care relationships more broadly. It argues that, despite increasing regulation and surveillance, adults and children find ways to show and feel love in the context of residential care. Whilst love may be regarded as something to be avoided or indeed prohibited in an adult/child care setting these deep bonds find expression in the everyday life of the children’s home. By looking at love in this embodied way, the ‘realness’ of material things to assert connection and recognition of love (Layne, 2000) is examined. As Gorenstein (1996, p.8) suggests ‘objects…[are] the perfect vehicles for conveying themes that are not commonly accepted in a community’. The paper emphasises the recognition of these symbolic and metaphorical forms of communication in practice.
Dinámica y condiciones de vida de la población del Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca (pnnt) en la generación de presión a los ecosistemas circundantes y de impactos ambientales a través de un sistema de información geográfica
Authors: Candeau Dufat Rafael , Franco Maass Sergio
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer como influye la dinámica y condiciones de vida de la población de las localidades dentro del Parque Nacional Nevado de Toluca y de su área de influencia inmediata, en la presión a los ecosistemas circundantes y en la generación de impactos ambientales, que propician una mala calidad del bosque y el cambio de uso del suelo, de forestal a agropecuario, urbano o industrial. Para ello se aplicó una novedosa metodología que permitió evaluar la relación entre estos factores socioeconómicos y el grado de deterioro ambiental dado en los geosistemas, estableciéndose en qué regiones se concentra la mayor influencia directa y en qué magnitud lo hacen y, del mismo modo, cuáles son las localidades en donde el impacto se deriva de factores externos.
Cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo (1979-2000) en dos comunidades rurales en el noroeste de Quintana Roo
Authors: Dupuy Rada Juan Manuel , González Iturbe José Antonio , Iriarte Vivar Silvia , Calvo Irabien Luz María , Espadas Manrique Celene , Tum Dzul Fernando , Dorantes Euán Alfredo
Published: August 2017

El análisis de los cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo (ccus) en relación con las actividades humanas es esencial para entender y predecir la dinámica del paisaje. Se analizan los ccus en Solferino y San Ángel, dos comunidades rurales del noroeste de Quintana Roo, a partir de fotografías aéreas de 1979 y 2000, recorridos de campo y entrevistas para documentar la historia de uso del suelo. Contrario a la mayoría de estudios, se registró un aumento en la cobertura de selvas, proveniente principalmente de la regeneración de áreas quemadas, lo cual resalta el papel de los incendios como agentes de cambio de cobertura y la capacidad de recuperación de las selvas. El cambio en el uso del suelo favoreció ligeramente la deforestación en Solferino, debido en parte a una mayor disponibilidad de selvas para usos agropecuarios en las cercanías del poblado. En San Ángel se observó una mayor regeneración de selvas, debido en parte a una mayor deforestación previa, asociada a un gran aumento poblacional y a la implementación de programas federales de fomento a la ganadería. Se discuten los escenarios de cambio y las posibles repercusiones de las actuales tendencias institucionales, socioeconómicas y climáticas sobre los futuros ccus.
Geomorfología y sedimentología de los ambientes depositacionales recientes del complejo estuarino de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, Estado Falcón, Venezuela
Authors: Cartaya Scarlet , Méndez Williams , González Luis
Published: August 2017

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la caracterización geomorfológica y sedimentológica del complejo estuarino de la desembocadura de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, localizada en la costa nororiental del Estado Falcón (Venezuela). La investigación se desarrolló en tres fases. En la fase de campo se recolectaron muestras de sedimentos y se realizaron mediciones morfométricas de los ambientes depositacionales. En la fase de laboratorio se ejecutaron análisis sedimentológicos de textura, carbonatos, materia orgánica, minerales pesados y mineralogía por difracción de rayos X. La fase de gabinete se basó en la interpretación y análisis espacial de los ambientes depositacionales con apoyo en fotografías aéreas y mapas topográficos a escala 1:25 000; en la confección de los mapas y perfiles del área, y en la elaboración del modelo sedimentológico. La desembocadura de los ríos Hueque y Curarí se encuentra en un borde costero de clima semi-árido, con una cuenca de baja densidad de drenaje y dinámica litoral de rango micromareal, marea mixta, con oleaje de alta energía y corriente litoral favorable. Se identificaron dos grandes conjuntos sedimentológicos: Complejo Cordón Litoral (infraplaya, mesoplaya, supraplaya, dunas playeras, contrabarrera y barra), de litofacies arenosas y el Complejo Pantanoso (cauces de los ríos Hueque y Curarí, canal de marea y caño de marea), de litofacies arcillo-limosa. Los canales fluviales se comportan como estuarios hipersalinos.
La inversión privada en el sector eléctrico en México: marco institucional y estructura territorial
Authors: Sánchez Salazar María Teresa , Casado Izquierdo José María , Saavedra Silva Eva
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de apertura del sector eléctrico a la inversión privada nacional y extranjera, hecho acontecido durante las administraciones de los presidentes Salinas de Gortari, Zedillo y Fox, en el marco de los cambios estructurales internos acordados con el FMI y del proceso de globalización. Se señalan las distintas modalidades de inversión privada permitidas por la ley (producción independiente, pequeña producción, cogeneración, autoabastecimiento, importación y exportación), su importancia dentro de la industria eléctrica nacional y su desigual dinámica de crecimiento, centrando también la atención en su diferente distribución geográfica dentro del país. Se discuten, asimismo, otros aspectos de la inversión privada como son la tecnología de generación eléctrica empleada, los sectores económicos en que inciden y el origen del capital externo.
Caracterización actual de la utilización del uso del suelo y la cobertura vegetal en la región de la Tierra Indígena Sangradouto/Volta Grande-Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Shinji Kawakubo Fernando , Gomes Morato Rúbia , Almeida Correia Junior Paulo , Luchiari Ailton
Published: August 2017

El objeto de este trabajo fue el mapear el uso y cobertura vegetal en la tierra indígena Sangradouro/Volta Grande-MT (Brasil). Para ello se emplearon técnicas de Modelo Lineal de Mezcla Espectral acompañadas por la segmentación de las imágenes sintéticas y clasificación supervisada de los componentes divididos. El cálculo de las áreas correspondientes a las clases de uso del suelo y cobertura vegetal, permitió estimar el estado actual de la tierra en el contexto ambiental.
Aptitud agroecológica para el cultivo de la caña de azúcar en el sur de Tamaulipas, México
Authors: Jiménez Córdoba Anabel , Vargas Tristán Virginia , Salinas Castillo Wilver Enrique , Aguirre Bortoni Manuel De Jesús
Published: August 2017

El objetivo principal de la investigación fue estimar desde el punto de vista agroecológico las zonas aptas potenciales para el cultivo de caña de azúcar en el sur del estado de Tamaulipas, México. La delimitación de estas zonas se generó mediante la implementación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG), el cual facilitó la manipulación y sobreposictón de capas de información temática, correspondiente a información de clima, suelos y necesidades biofísicas del cultivo. Como primer resultado, y con base en la estimación del índice de satisfacción de las necesidades hídricas y de los grados día de desarrollo, se determinó la zonificación agroclimática. Para generar estos índices se analizó información a nivel diario de 30 estaciones climatológicas (período 1960-1999). Para realizar la zonificación agroecológica se clasificó información de Unidades, Fases, Texturas y Pendientes de suelo, en función de la aptitud del cultivo a estas variables y mediante la sobreposición y álgebra de éstas con la zonificación agroclimática, se delimitaron las zonas aptas potenciales para el cultivo. Se encontró que del total de la superficie evaluada (1 454 794.0 ha), el 30.6% (446 021.0 ha) se clasificó como Muy Apta (MA), el 9.9% (145 104.9.0 ha) como Apta (A), cuyas restricciones fueron por Unidades de suelos, el 0.03% (559.5 ha) se clasificó como marginalmente Apta (mA), con restricciones por la Pendiente de los suelos en estudio y el 59.5% (863 108.9 ha) restante, correspondió a la clase No Apta para el cultivo.
Niveles de cobertura y accesibilidad de la infraestructura de los servicios de salud en la periferia metropolitana de la Ciudad de México
Authors: López Flor , Aguilar Adrían Guillermo
Published: August 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, por un lado, la distribución de los servicios de salud pública que cada institución de seguridad social ofrece en los municipios periféricos metropolitanos de la Ciudad de México y, por otro lado, dar algunas razones del porqué de dicha distribución. El análisis trata de demostrar la carencia territorial que existe en la construcción de la política social y en particular, en el sector salud. El rango espacial, cobertura y accesibilidad de los servicios de salud en la parte oriente del Estado de México ha sido calculado a partir de variables como número de doctores, enfermeras, consultorios y camas de hospital, que ofrecen las diferentes instituciones públicas, particularmente del IMSS, ISSSTE e ISSEMYM. Los resultados tienden a demostrar que hay una desigual distribución de los recursos de salud, tanto humanos como materiales, al igual que un desorden territorial en dicha distribución, ya que existe alta concentración en zonas urbanas. El análisis demuestra como el espacio juega un papel fundamental como estructurador en la aplicación de políticas de salud además, de que es un factor clave en la planificación de los mismos.
Mudanças tecnológicas e produção do espaço: considerações sobre desenvolvimento na escala local
Authors: Godinho de Oliveira Floriano J.
Published: August 2017

As mudanças nos paradigmas tecnológicos de produção industrial acabam por, aos poucos, induzirem mudanças em todos os demais aspectos da produção e em importantes campos da organização social. Tudo isto implica, também, mudanças importantes na produção contemporânea do espaço. Deste processo, emergem dois importantes fenômenos relacionados à produção social do espaço que nos interessam analisar: uma nova espacialidade industrial, caracterizado por maior desconcentração espacial, influindo para a criação de uma nova forma de organização geral das atividades econômicas; e uma nova forma de relações entre os setores industriais e financeiros hegemônicos e os estados nacionais e locais na sedimentação de novos espaços. Este artigo, portanto, procurará discutir alguns aspectos que caracterizam as mudanças nas estruturas produtivas, em termos de alterações temporais e espaciais, e as novas formas de relações instrumentais com o conjunto das forças sociais nos territórios sub nacionais dos países da periferia econômica. Assim, enfatizando aspectos que expressam as tensões entre o global e o local, trabalhamos com a idéia de compreender os processos de mudanças na estrutura produtiva como um dos aspectos importantes na organização do espaço, do território, uma vez que atualmente a organização sócio-econômica se dá em novas bases. Conjugado a este fenômeno, destacamos o fato de que a escala local, como também um espaço de relações privilegiadas para a definição de localização e instalação de empreendimentos, implica, no plano das ações e das análises, atribuir maior importância à identificação das relações que se pretende estabelecer no local referido.
El bioclima humano en urbes del sur de México para condiciones de duplicación de CO2 atmosférico
Authors: Tejeda Martínez Adalberto , Rivas Camargo David A.
Published: August 2017

. A partir del concepto de temperatura efectiva (TE), se presenta un escenario de las condiciones de bioclima humano de ocho ciudades importantes del sur de México, obtenido de predicciones regionales de modelos de circulación general para el caso de una duplicación en la concentración atmosférica global de CO2. Los resultados se ilustran con gráficas de las condiciones de confort actuales y futuras para el sur del país. Se encontró que, pese a los procesos de aclimatación, se intensificarán las sensaciones cálidas debido al efecto invernadero. Combinando lo anterior con proyecciones conservadoras del incremento de la población para la segunda mitad del siglo XXI, se estima que las ciudades de clima cálido quintuplicarán las necesidades de enfriamiento para obtener el confort de sus habitantes.
O estado do Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil como um território de internacionalização segmentada do espaço nacional
Authors: Rückert Adolmar A.
Published: August 2017

O artigo analisa cenários contemporâneos das reestruturações territoriais e as novas funções dos territórios como elos da sociedade global, limitado, especialmente, ao caso do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A reforma constitucional da ordem econômica brasileira a partir de 1995 aprofunda a internacionalização de unidades da federação brasileira, principalmente no Sudeste e Sul do país -e, em particular o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, localizado em região fronteiriça, vizinho da Argentina e do Uruguai. Neste processo redefinem-se as funções das fronteiras, de defensivas para articuladoras, concentra-se a infra-estrutura estratégica e os núcleos dinâmicos da economia industrial no núcleo geoeconômico do Mercosur e aprofundam-se as desigualdades interregionais no Sudeste e Sul do país, bem como internamente aos estados da Federação.
Capítulo III: Estudio geográfico, histórico y económico
Authors: Vázquez Vázquez Elena
Published: August 2017

Publicado en: Vázquez V., E. (1965), Distribución geográfica y organización de las órdenes religiosas en la Nueva España [siglo XVI], Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, México, 1965, pp. 2950.
Relations between man and environment in the development of precolonial settlements in the basin of Mexico
Authors: López Recéndez Rubén
Published: August 2017

Publicado en: "Interaction of the prehistoric man and his environment". V Symposium of the Commission on Environment Problems, International Geographical Union. Instituto de Geografía, UNAM, Mexico, 1981.
Caracterização fisiográfica e de uso das terras da região de Luiz Antônio e Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, com o uso de sensoriamento remoto e SIG
Authors: Nagako Shida Cláudia , Pivello Vânia Regina
Published: August 2017

Neste trabalho, caracterizamos uma região de aproximadamente 82 655 ha, nos municípios de Luiz Antônio e Santa Rita do Passa Quatro, SP, quanto aos aspectos físicos, vegetacionais e de uso humano, e delimitamos na paisagem unidades homogêneas que pudessem ser utilizadas no planejamento regional; verificamos a existencia de associação entre o uso das terras e a fisiografia regional. Por meio de SIG identificamos unidades homogêneas de paisagem, conforme suas características de relevo, solo, uso das terras e vegetação nativa. O teste de X2mostrou associações significativas entre os usos das terras e a fisiografia, sendo mais importante o tipo de solo. Seis unidades homogêneas de paisagem foram identificadas e, na maioria delas, os usos das terras estão adequados às características fisiográficas. Atividades agropecuárias e agroflorestais também estão presentes em áreas de uso considerado restrito, onde se recomenda a substituição dos atuais usos.
Istmo de Tehuantepec: un espacio geoestratégico bajo la influencia de intereses nacionales y extranjeros. Éxitos y fracasos en la aplicación de políticas de desarrollo industrial (1820-2002)
Authors: Martínez Laguna Norma , Sánchez Salazar María Teresa , Casado Izquierdo José María
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo está orientado a examinar las coyunturas históricas que sirvieron de marco a los proyectos de desarrollo industrial ¡mplementados en el Istmo de Tehuantepec, desde las expediciones del siglo XIX hasta la elaboración del Plan Puebla-Panamá. La importancia geoestratégica y económico-productiva del Istmo lo han convertido en un espacio de confluencia de intereses empresariales nacionales y extranjeros, dirigidos a posibilitar el movimiento interoceánico para el tráfico internacional de mercancías y aprovechar, al mismo tiempo, los recursos naturales y humanos existentes. La concentración de infraestructura industrial en los enclaves asociados a la transformación y movimiento de productos petroleros y petroquímicos, así como de las actividades portuarias en Coatzacoalcos y Salina Cruz, han llevado a catalogar a estos sectores productivos como prioritarios, dentro de los numerosos planes federales de desarrollo económico enfocados a la región.
Changes in the sectoral orientations of the State of Guerrero between 1970 and 2000
Authors: García Castro Naftalí , Sánchez Crispín Álvaro
Published: August 2017

Este trabajo expone una tipología económicoproductiva de los municipios guerrerenses, desde el enfoque de los cocientes sucesivos. Primero, se hace alusión a los antecedentes cognoscitivos de esa vertiente de la Geografía Económica. En el segundo apartado se describe la secuencia utilizada para obtener las orientaciones económicas correspondientes a 1970 y 2000. Finalmente, se analiza y constata el tránsito de una economía guerrerense especializada en el sector primario hacia estructuras productivas en las que el sector terciario y el secundario tienen mayor peso.
Climate change in NE Mexico: influence of the Nort Atlantic Oscillation
Authors: Sánchez López Norma , Garduño López René , Vidal Zepeda Rosalía , Sánchez Trejo Rubén
Published: August 2017

Por medio de técnicas estadísticas multivariadas se hace un análisis exploratorio de temperatura, precipitación y evaporación, registradas en cinco localidades del estado de Tamaulipas (en el NE de México), abarcando desde alrededor de la década de los treinta del siglo XX hasta los primeros años del XXI. Se detecta un punto de cambio en 1964. Al comparar el periodo anterior a ese año con el periodo 1964-2002, se observa una disminución significativa de temperatura en cuatro de las cinco localidades, en tres hay un ligero aumento de precipitación y en las otras dos éste es mayor; finalmente, cuatro de ellas tienen un decrement importante de evaporación. De acuerdo con el sistema declasificación climática de Köppen, adaptado a la República Mexicana, el tipo climático cambió en tres de las localidades estudiadas, pasando de seco a cálido sub-húmedo. Se analiza la Oscilación del Atlántico Norte (NOA, por sus siglas en inglés) como posible causa de este comportamiento. Los resultados sugieren que la metodología estadística usada es adecuada para estudios climáticos de largo plazo.
Procesos de remoción en masa asociados a estructuras volcánicas en el Distrito Federal, México
Authors: Valerio Víctor Carlos , López Miguel Celia , Alcántara Ayala Irasema
Published: August 2017

El Distrito Federal (D.F.), una de las áreas más pobladas del mundo, es afectado por diversas amenazas asociadas con el origen y la estructura geológica de la Cuenca de México, tales como el hundimiento y agrietamiento de suelo, sismicidad, inundaciones y los procesos de remoción en masa (PRM). Ante la falta de espacios en la parte plana del D. F., el crecimiento urbano se concentró en las laderas, lo cual ha modificado de manera importante el relieve y alterado las condiciones hidrogeológicas. Aunado a esto, en la zona montañosa son frecuentes los PRM, asociados a las características geológico–estructurales y morfológicas de los cuerpos volcánicos que la conforman. Esta susceptibilidad natural, combinada con las características de vulnerabilidad de la sociedad, crea condiciones de riesgo que pueden tener gran impacto en los ámbitos sociales y económicos. Por esta razón, este trabajo –basado en un inventario de PRM constituido por 95 puntos– tiene como objetivo identificar las zonas susceptibles a estos fenómenos gravitacionales, así como efectuar la caracterización tipológica de los procesos de remoción en masa asociados a las estructuras volcánicas. De manera adicional, también se identifica una serie de actividades antropogénicas que favorecen la inestabilidad de laderas en el área de interés: deforestación, quema de basura, cortes en las laderas ya sea para construcción de infraestructura y vivienda, fugas de agua, vibraciones de vehículos, maquinaria rotatoria y por el uso de explosivos en la explotación de minas, sobrecarga en la corona de los taludes, alteración del régimen geohidrológico, generación de tiraderos de escombros, terraceo de las laderas para el cultivo, diferentes criterios constructivos así como obras de estabilización contraproducentes o poco efectivas.
Hurtado, V. (2011), Atlas de la Guerra Civil Española. La sublevación
Authors: Coll-Hurtado Atlántida
Published: August 2017

Editorial DAU, Barcelona, 77 p., ISBN 978-84-936625-6-1
Bueno, B. P. S. (2011), Desenho e desígnio, o Brasil dos engenheiros militares (1500–1882)
Authors: Cuevas Quintero Luis Manuel
Published: August 2017

Editora da Universidade de São Paulo, Fapesp, São Paulo, 356 p. ISBN 978–85–314–1284–4
Capron, G., C. Icazuriaga Montes, S. Levi, E. Ribera Carbó y V. Thiébaut (eds.; 2011), La geografía contemporánea y Elisée Reclus
Authors: Hatch Kuri Gonzalo
Published: August 2017

El Colegio de Michoacán, Centro de Investigaciones y Estudios Superiores en Antropología Social, Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora, Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía y Geomática "Ing. Jorge L. Tamayo" y Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, Publicaciones de la Casa Chata, México, 308 p., ISBN 978–607–486–148–8
La variabilidad de la lluvia al sur del paralelo 20º norte en el estado de Veracruz
Authors: Sierra Morales Ramón
Published: August 2017

La finalidad primordial del estudio fué elegir las fórmulas mas adecuadas para determinar de una manera efectiva la variabilidad de la lluvia en nuestro país, a fin de preparar la programación primero, de la variabilidad de la lluvia en el estado de Veracruz y posteriormente en toda la República. Esta variación que se define como la diferencia con la media calculada en un período considerable de años de observación, es significativa debido a que tiene una relación directa, con las explotaciones agrícolas, con la vegetación y suelos, así como con la distribución de ios núcleos de población y la localización de zonas industriales y de almacenamiento de agua para diversos usos. En este trabajo se tomaron como base 19 estaciones meteorológicas distribuidas en la parte meridional del Estado de Veracruz, evitando que quedaran muy aglomeradas, ya que por tratarse de un trabajo experimental no era necesario emplearlas todas. Una vez reunidos los datos de precipitación anual de un período mayor de 12 años se procedió a calcular la variación interanual de la lluvia cuantificando y calculando la desviación que acusan los valores individuales respecto al promedio aritmético. Con el propósito de tener una idea de cómo la variabilidad afecta el desarrollo de la agricultura, se hizo un análisis de este tipo de actividad tomando como base datos estadísticos de producción de los siguientes cultivos: maíz, frijol, caña de azúcar y café, por tratarse de productos con un rendimiento y consumo muy elevados. Se concluyó que, en general, el rendimiento de los cultivos ofrece una tendencia a disminuir a medida que el coeficiente de variación aumenta; sin embargo hay algunas estaciones en que esto no sucede, lo cual pone de manifiesto que las características agrícolas de un lugar no sólo dependen de la variabilidad, sino de otros factores como son la topografía del terreno, el tipo de clima, las prácticas agrícolas empleadas, los tipos de semilla que se utilicen en la siembra, los suelos, la cantidad total de lluvia, el régimen pluviométrico, etc.