bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Aggressiveness Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae Associated to Passion Fruit Wilting
Authors: Marostega Thalita N. , Lara Lizandra P. , Oliveira Daiani da S. de , Chimello Antonio M. , Gilio Thiago Alexandre S. , Preisigke Sandra da C. , Araujo Kelly L. , Serafim Milson E. , Neves Leonarda G.
Published: January 2019

This work was carried out with the objective of performing a molecular and aggressiveness characterization of F. solani and F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae collected in the Pantanal, Cerrado and Amazon biomes. We selected the most aggressive isolates for use in breeding programs aiming resistance to Collar Rot and Fusariosis. For inoculation of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae the washed root method was used. The molecular characterization of the isolates was carried out by partial sequencing of the Transcribed Internal Spacer of the rDNA region. The isolates of F. solani formed two distinct groups in relation to aggressiveness. Among all isolates, FSUNEMAT 40 and FSUNEMAT 46 were the most aggressive. The model with K=2 was taken as the best model to explain the genetic structure of the F. solani populations, with clear combinations of genes from both gene pools. There were three groups with respect to the aggressiveness of the isolates of F. oxysporum f.sp. passiflorae, with the isolated FOUNEMAT 22 being the most aggressive. In view of these results, the isolates of F. solani collected in P. edulis in the state of Mato Grosso presented a high molecular variability independent from the biome of origin, and this was also observed in the tests of aggressiveness. The results indicate the need to consider the molecular variability and the aggressiveness of the pathogens in the evaluation of genotypes of sour passion fruit in programs of selection of resistant cultivars.
Electricity Consumption in the Pork Production Chain From the Western Region of Paraná State, Brazil
Authors: Silva Danieli Sanderson , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Camargo , Souza Samuel Nelson Melegari de , Feiden Armin , Tokura Luciene Kazue , Kostaneski Patrícia Caroline , Adame Karina Sanderson
Published: January 2019

The development of swine farming resulted in the specialization and transformation of the productive chain with direct impact on the agroindustry. The intensive swine production is representative, with relevant performance in the international scenario, with an expressive increase in volumes and values produced and exported, contributing significantly to the performance of the Brazilian trade balance. This performance is due to the technological and organizational advances of the last decades. The constant changes and advances that swine farming has been undergoing promote the search for new ways of raising pigs. There is a constant incorporation of new technologies and an uninterrupted reorganization in the production systems in the industry, aiming to follow the industrial progress with greater cost reduction and increased profitability. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption of electric energy in the productive process of pig termination in rural properties in the western region of Paraná. The study was conducted in three pig farms, where data were collected on the consumption of electricity in the production, slaughter and processing of pigs. The average specific energy consumption in the production of pigs in the termination stage was 0.0058 kWh kg-1, accounting for 1% of the process, while at slaughter it was 0.22 kWh kg-1, responsible for 38.22 kWh kg-1 % of consumption and processing of 0.35 kWh kg-1, accounting for 60.78%. Thus, results showed that the processing stage consumes the most energy within the pig meat production chain.
Lettuce Growth in Different Pot Volumes and Irrigation Frequencies Under Saline Stress
Authors: Targino Ana J. de O. , Oliveira Francisco de A. de , Oliveira Mychelle K. T. de , Régis Lúcia R. de L. , Neta Helena M. de Morais , Cordeiro Carla J. X. , Alves Francisco A. T. , Nascimento Luan V. , Pessoa Victor G. , Oliveira Antônio A. A. de , Souza Maria W. de L. , Menezes Paulo V. de , Costa Jessilanne P. B. de M. , Marques Isabelly C. da S. , Freitas Rafaelle da Silva
Published: January 2019

This study aimed to evaluate lettuce production in different pot volumes and different irrigation frequency under saline stress. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, in Mossoró, RN, Brazil. Randomized block experimental design was used in factorial scheme of 2 × 3 × 3, with 3 replicates. Treatments were consisted of 2 water’s salinity levels (0.5 and 2.0 dS m-1), 3 frequencies of irrigation (6, 9, and 12 daily events), and 3 different pots (0.5, 1.0, and 3.0 L). Data from parameters evaluated at harvest were submitted to variance analysis and means were compared. We verified that when the lower saline water (0.5 dS m-1) was used lettuce production increased when cultivated in pots of 3.0 L and submitted to 6 daily events of irrigation. When 3.0 dS m-1 water was used the best results were obtained in 0.5 L and nine daily events of irrigation. The combination of 0.5 L pot and six or nine daily events of irrigation better inhibited the damaging effects of salinity.
ISO 14001 and 26001, Agents of Change in the SME
Authors: Valdez-Juárez Luis Enrique , Gallardo-Vázquez Dolores , Ramos-Escobar Elva Alicia , Limón-Ulloa Roberto
Published: January 2019

At present, business strategies in SMEs (Small and medium enterprises) are crucial for consolidation in highly competitive markets, in achieving a better image and in business profitability. One of the strategies that are currently being used and that have a high level of success are the practices focused on sustainability and social responsibility, through standardized standards such as: ISO 14001 and ISO 26001. The literature related to sustainable business is based mainly on the theory of resources and capabilities, and in theory based on Stakeholders. These currents state that companies should focus on profitable strategies to ensure significant and long-term results, in order to achieve organizational and financial results for stakeholders. In this work, the sample consists of 215 companies from the commerce, services and industry sectors, located in the southern region of the State of Sonora in Mexico.The objective of the work is to analyze the influence of ISO 14001 and 26001 standards on the image and profitability of SMEs. The statistical analysis of the data has been carried out through the linear regression technique by OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). The findings prove that the ISO 14001 standard is the one that most influences the improvement of the business image and the level of profitability of the SME. In addition, we discovered that ISO 26001 has a partial influence on the image and profitability of the SME.
Psychological mechanisms and pedagogical factors for the development of empathy in the college students
Authors: Lappo Violetta , Ternopilska Valentyna
Published: January 2019

The article reflects the results of the empirical study of the problem of the students’ spiritual values formation. The author offers determining indicators, structural components and criteria of high, efficient, medium and low levels of the personality spiritual values. The researcher offers a range of methods aimed at establishing the levels of spiritual values formation in students studying at the college. According to the experiment results the researcher has developed educational program in which effective forms, methods and means of upbringing spiritual values in conditions of a student group were determined. The author emphasizes the importance of pedagogical support and encouragement of every student to spiritual self-improvement. The results comparison of summative and control experiment levels have evidenced the effectiveness of pedagogical means focused on spiritual growing of student youth.
Sewing the Fabric of Statehood
Authors: Howard Adam M.
Published: January 2019

This book explores the untold story of how three influential garment unions worked with the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in support of a new Jewish state. It reveals a coalition at work on multiple fronts. Sustained efforts convinced the AFL and CIO to support Jewish development in Palestine through land purchases for Jewish workers and encouraged the construction of trade schools and cultural centers. Other activists, meanwhile, directed massive economic aid to Histadrut, the General Federation of Jewish Workers in Palestine, or pressured the British and American governments to support the Jews in Palestine and later, recognize Israel’s independence. Ultimately, these efforts led American labor to forge its own foreign policy--and reshape both the postwar world and Jewish history.
Walter Camp and the Creation of American Football
Authors: Tamte Roger R.
Published: January 2019

Existing football literature lacks an adequate history of the creation of American football, primarily because it fails to sufficiently examine individual human contributions, especially the circumstances and role of those contributions in achieving the game’s distinctive and appealing features. Walter Camp is the key person in American football’s development, almost a solitary leader in the game’s early years, influential in development of various component features of the game, and inventor of its most important rule, the downs-and-distance rule (today four downs to advance ten yards). Camp was closely involved in American football throughout his life, a generally positive experience until the game encounters a major crisis in the early 1900s, when American football and its rule makers are attacked because of the game’s perceived brutality. Conflict develops over potential solutions, and Camp is partially defeated with the help of President Theodore Roosevelt, effectively forcing inclusion of forward passing in the game.
Los Romeros
Authors: Clark Walter Aaron
Published: January 2019

Spanish émigré guitarist Celedonio Romero gave his American debut performance on a June evening in 1958. In the sixty years since, the Romero family—Celedonio, his wife Angelita, sons Celín, Pepe, and Angel, as well as grandsons Celino and Lito—has become preeminent in the world of Spanish flamenco and classical guitar in the United States. Walter Aaron Clark’s in-depth research and unprecedented access to his subjects have produced the consummate biography of the Romero family. Clark examines the full story of their genius for making music, from their outsider's struggle to gain respect for the Spanish guitar to the ins and outs of making a living as musicians. As he shows, their concerts and recordings, behind-the-scenes musical careers, and teaching have reshaped their instrument’s very history. At the same time, the Romeros have organized festivals and encouraged leading composers to write works for guitar as part of a tireless, lifelong effort to promote the guitar and expand its repertoire. Entertaining and intimate, Los Romeros opens up the personal world and unfettered artistry of one family and its tremendous influence on American musical culture. It features a gallery of forty photographs as well as appendices providing a chronology, genealogy, list of albums, and a summary of Romero publications, editions, and educational materials.
Black Opera
Authors: André Naomi
Published: January 2019

This is a book about thinking, interpreting, and writing about music in performance that incorporates how race, gender, sexuality, and nation help shape the analysis of opera today. Case-study operas are chosen within the diaspora of the United States and South Africa. Both countries had segregation policies that kept black performers and musicians out of opera. During the civil rights movement and after apartheid, black performers in both countries not only excelled in opera, they also began writing their own stories into the genre. Featured operas in this study span the Atlantic and bring together works performed in the West (the United States and Europe) and South Africa. Focal works are: From the Diary of Sally Hemings (William Bolcom and Sandra Seaton), Porgy and Bess, and Winnie: The Opera (Bongani Ndodana-Breen). A chapter is devoted to the nineteenth-century Carmens (novella by Mérimée and opera by Bizet) and black settings in the United States (Carmen Jones, Carmen: A Hip Hopera) and South Africa (U-Carmen eKhayelitsha). Woven within the discussions of specific works are three rubrics for how the text and music create the drama: Who is in the story? Who speaks? and Who is in the audience doing the interpreting? These questions, combined with a historical context that includes how a work also resonates in the present day, form the basis for an engaged musicological practice.
Introduction and Historical Context
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan , Umaña Federico Paredes
Published: January 2019

This chapter explains why the archaeological project was created and in so doing details the research context of Chocolá, both the modern small village and the large ancient city lying beneath and around it. The history of Maya archaeology is reviewed, emphasizing the long-believed-seminal but ironically little studied Southern Maya Region in which Chocolá sits so centrally, including the efforts, in the 1920s, by Robert Burkitt, the first to excavate at the site. The other major southern area sites are described, as is a “German factor” in the South—the particularly strong presence of Germans in Guatemala in both the postcolonial epoch of coffee production and in the early archaeology of Great Southern Maya sites. Throughout, reference is made to a debate about the relative importance of the Southern Maya Region as compared with the northern Petén for the emergence of Classic Maya civilization in the Lowlands.
The Ceramics of Chocolá
Authors: Kaplan Jonathan , Umaña Federico Paredes
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 provides, in summary form, the first detailed account of Chocolá’s ceramic pottery. For the first time, the wares and figurines of the ancient city are described for the benefit of other Maya and Mesoamerican researchers. This includes a type-variety system and the first tentative ceramic sequence for the ancient city.
Biocultural Influences of Total versus Exclusive Breastfeeding
Authors: Pearson Jessica
Published: January 2019

In chapter 2, Pearson uses stable isotope data from Europe and Asia to construct breastfeeding and weaning trends of the past 10,000 years. Human breastfeeding is a complex process that is biologically and culturally mediated. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, contemporary newborn infants should be exclusively breastfed (EBF) with maternal milk (or with formula that has nutritional equivalence) from birth to four to -six months. Weaning begins when breast milk is slowly replaced with solid food until the infant’s diet is primarily based on elements of the adult’s diet. There are no recommendations concerning the optimal duration of total breastfeeding (TBF), suggesting that the weaning process, including the weaning food employed, can be dictated by the cultural demands and constructs within the caregiver’s community; this allows mothers and weaning infants to act as agents in the weaning process. Here, stable isotope analysis of carbon (δ‎13C) and nitrogen (δ‎15N) isotope data from twenty-two archaeological sites dated to the last 10,000 years are compared to reveal biocultural patterns in the nature and timing of infant weaning practices. The central questions are: To what extent is TBF driven by societal structure and/or individual agency, and is EBF more fixed biologically?
Life, Death, and Burial of Children on the North Coast of Peru
Authors: Klaus Haagen D.
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines bioarchaeological data funerary patterns, and other contextual data derived from a sample of nearly 900 subadults who lived and died in the Lambayeque region of Peru's north coast from A.D. 900 to 1750. Paralleling various ethnohistoric perspectives, stark paleodemographic under-representation of the young in cemeteries and the preference for children as blood sacrifice victims points to the possibility that late pre-Hispanic Lambayeque childhoods involved meanings, symbolisms, and identities radically different from that of adults. Pre-Hispanic childhood may have been a liminal state, bridging supernatural and human realms. Following the Spanish conquest, indigenous experiences of childhood changed radically. Multiple skeletal indicators show that, when compared to pre-Hispanic children, many Colonial children bore much greater health burdens. Practices of childcare also changed, as millennia-old cradle boarding practices ceased rapidly in some areas. Alterations of childcare and inclusion of children into Colonial cemeteries indicates distinct changes in the cultural perception of childhood. However, the differential mortuary treatment of various children suggests that the young were still somehow distinct, as probably conceptualized in a hybrid Euro-Andean framework into the mid-18th century.
Human Transitions
Authors: Gosman James H. , Raichlen David A. , Ryan Timothy M.
Published: January 2019

The analysis of cortical and trabecular bone development morphology offers a lens through which general biological processes of skeletal ontogeny can be viewed. These, in turn, establish a foundation upon which biocultural reconstructions of childhood can proceed. In this chapter, the authors draw on skeletal data generated by their systematic cortical and trabecular bone research agenda from a Norris Farms’ archaeological skeletal collection using high resolution microCT imaging combined with new, age-segmented, gait data from extant children. The age-related changes in bone structure, geometry, and architecture are linked to the development of biomechanical competence over the course of three significant transitions in a human’s life course. This chapter identifies transitions and variations in human skeletal biology, skeletal morphology, and bipedal gait as dynamic records of development. These types of ontogenetic studies provide empirical data, which function as a portal to address fundamental issues of interest to anthropologists. Examples of the types of anthropological interests include, but are not limited to, reconstructing past health and behavior; understanding the dynamics of bone growth, size, and shape; interpreting skeletal variation; and providing insight into the fossil record.
Children of the Revolution
Authors: Gowland Rebecca , Newman Sophie L.
Published: January 2019

The Industrial Revolution in England during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries resulted in rapid urbanisation and profound socio-economic change. Health inequalities between both rich and poor as well as urban and rural dwellers during this period intensified, as evidenced by contemporary descriptions of the wretched physical appearance of the urban working classes. Recent excavations of skeletal assemblages from this period provide a unique opportunity to explore the direct physiological impact of industrialisation. Childhood growth and morbidity is multidimensional in aetiology, but results demonstrate that metabolic diseases were rife and that skeletal growth and development were adversely affected. In this chapter, the effects of the developmental plasticity and the inter-generational origins of growth deficits are also considered. These findings have been integrated with contemporaneous historical accounts in order to provide a more nuanced interpretation of childhood life and death during this period.
Philatelic Joyce
Authors: Knowles Sebastian D.G.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 2 argues that all of Joyce pushes the envelope, moving beyond itself, refusing to end. It makes the central claim of the book that a love of the “a-telic,” or that which has no ending (telos), is the drive that makes the Joycean free. Each modernist object in Joyce has a four-dimensional life (the fourth dimension being time): this chapter focuses on three postage stamps referred to in the “Ithaca” section of Ulysses by way of example. By entering the world of infinite possibility that these philatelic objects open into, we fly by the nets of the everyday (like Stephen Dedalus), escape paralysis (unlike the characters in Dubliners), and soar towards the sun (like Icarus) to achieve freedom.
Siren Songs
Authors: Knowles Sebastian D.G.
Published: January 2019

Where chapter 5 ranged widely across recorded music in modernist literature, chapter 6 focuses narrowly on live performance of music in the “Sirens” episode of Ulysses. Beginning with a study of solfège in the works of Joyce, the chapter carefully listens to the different voices in the episode, assigning each voice a musical part. A recital of the songs in the episode follows, discussing each song as a musical subtext for the events on the page. The chapter closes with a finale that overlays Joyce’s text onto the actual music of Friedrich Flotow’s “M’Appari,” so that Joyce’s musical effects can be properly heard and understood through narrative voicing.
Encircled by War
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: January 2019

Territorial trespass and attack intensify in the years covered in Virginia Woolf's two final diary books: the 109-entry of her 1940 diary and the 10-entry of her 1941 diary. In April of 1940, Germany invades Norway and Denmark. In May, the neutral states of Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg fall. In June, Hitler's storm troopers parade up Paris's Champs-Élysées. Only England now remains. On July 19, Hitler asks England to surrender. In August, he orders a total blockade of Great Britain and begins a night-time bombing assault—the London Blitz. To counter, Woolf aims for a weightier diary in 1940, poignantly an evening diary for “Old Virginia.” As these last two diaries movingly show, Virginia Woolf fights on both in her public works and in her diary. Surrounded now and cut off, she holds on until she can fight no more, dying from suicide in March of 1941.
A Letter and a Dream
Authors: Lear Ashley Andrews
Published: January 2019

“A Letter and a Dream” examines the letters exchanged between Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings and Ellen Glasgow during their lives, as well as correspondences written by the two authors about one another to mutual acquaintances. The chapter focuses primarily on the dream Rawlings shared with Glasgow, signifying the depth of their friendship. “A Letter and a Dream” also explores the adulation of Rawlings for Glasgow in the letters written after Glasgow’s death, many of which focus on her biographical research.
A Certain Measure of Achievement
Authors: Lear Ashley Andrews
Published: January 2019

“A Certain Measure of Achievement” looks at the many book reviews and clippings on Ellen Glasgow’s major works collected by Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings when working on her biography and compares them with similar reviews of Rawlings’s major works. This chapter considers the ways in which their responses to one another’s literature helped to further Rawlings and Glasgow’s friendship, while underscoring their shared literary values. Glasgow and Rawlings clearly saw pieces of their own experiences and worldviews in their respective works. This chapter also establishes, through criticism, the literary identities of both authors.
Introduction
Authors: Lear Ashley Andrews
Published: January 2019

This introduction describes the start of the correspondence and friendship between two remarkable women writers, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings and Ellen Glasgow, as well as some of the historical context and the importance and influence of their preserved letters. While these women were very different-- Glasgow was a former Southern debutante and Rawlings was a raucous pioneer of the Florida scrub-- they felt for one another a remarkable kinship. While theirs was not the only relationship of its kind, it was one of the great literary friendships of the South, and should be studied for the impact that such friendships may have on the lives and experiences of women writers.
Origins of the Prison-Industrial Complex
Authors: Derbes Brett J.
Published: January 2019

In chapter 3 Derbes discusses efforts during the antebellum era by southern state legislators to create financially self-sustaining penitentiaries that encouraged inmate rehabilitation through silent reflection and physical labor. The European Enlightenment’s influence on new methods of punishment and technological innovation from the Industrial Revolution contributed to the rise of prison workshops and inmate labor in the Deep South. An examination of inmate labor at the state penitentiaries of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia highlights a controversial aspect of free labor within a slave society. Convicts provided a captive, reliable, and inexpensive workforce, but their use as labor attracted criticism from local artisans and mechanics’ organizations. This competition between costly private and cheap inmate labor led to conflict that abated temporarily when demand for military supplies increased during the Civil War. The modern prison-industrial complex evolved from experimental workshops established at southern state penitentiaries nearly two centuries ago.
The Appalachian “Gunmen of Capitalism”
Authors: Hutton T.R.C.
Published: January 2019

Although the role of the violent strikebreaker is acknowledged by labor historians, few researchers have attempted to explore the origins and motivations of the men who made wages or careers out of surveillancing, disciplining, and punishing wage laborers. William G. Baldwin’s agency, famous as the Baldwin-Felts Detectives, outdid some of the worst atrocities committed by Pinkertons or other organizations outside the South. The career of William Baldwin provides clues as to how the allegedly “colonial” economic model of the Gilded Age/Progressive era contained its own comprador class, native southerners who actively enabled their region’s subordination. Finally, William Baldwin’s work suggests that, aside from familiar themes of surplus labor and hegemony, one of the most integral, fundamental elements of capitalism is the performance of deadly violence, a fact displayed most nakedly in a former slave society.
African American and Latino Workers in the Age of Industrial Agriculture
Authors: Conlin Erin L.
Published: January 2019

Extensive chemical and pesticide exposure in the post–World War II period highlights African American and Latino farmworkers’ shared encounters with coercive labor structures, state hostility, economic marginality, racial discrimination, and bleak working conditions. Drawing heavily on oral histories and traditional archival sources, this case study of Florida farm labor draws directly on workers’ lived experiences and sheds light on the modern labor and environmental history of southern farm work. Examining this deep history of exploitation and negligence illuminates the challenges facing the South’s new working class.
The Freedom Labor Union
Authors: Sistrom Michael
Published: January 2019

The Mississippi Freedom Labor Union (MFLU) and related efforts were part of the larger evolution of black activism and of the maturing and varied philosophy of Black Power in the mid- and later 1960s. The MFLU and its offshoots embodied this mutation; first, in strategy, from a focus on demonstrations to capture the attention of a national white audience to awakening and organizing the poor black community in the South; and second, a shift in goals from requesting civil rights from the country's lawmakers to demanding a share of political and economic power. After a series of plantation strikes in the summer of 1965, MFLU members and other black Mississippians tried to gain a voice in the local application of War on Poverty programs and to establish Freedom City as communal housing for displaced workers.
Pens, Planes, and Politics
Authors: Thompson Joseph M.
Published: January 2019

This chapter combines political, labor, and cultural history methodologies to compare the Lockheed aircraft factory in Marietta, Georgia, and the Scripto pen and pencil factory in nearby Atlanta. While the mostly male employees at Lockheed, a majority-white plant, enjoyed the job security delivered by defense contracts at the height of the Cold War military-industrial complex, the Scripto workers, the majority of whom were African American women, faced the more capricious turns of the market. Many of the disparities between these factories stemmed from their common management history found in the career of attorney, businessman, and civic leader, James V. Carmichael. Although situated within close geographical proximity, Lockheed and Scripto helped create disparate racial, political, and cultural worlds in the mid-twentieth century. The tale of these two factories uncovers the stark contrasts between the ways race, gender, and government intervention shaped different sectors of the postwar southern economy.
Going Forward
Authors: Lesnik Julie J.
Published: January 2019

The last chapter addresses why research on edible insects is not nearly as developed compared to meat, and why this imbalance leads to underrepresentation. In paleoanthropology, there is abundant research on hunting and meat eating while other foods are essentially ignored. This impartiality leads to the portrayal of our ancestors as being primarily carnivorous, which in recent years has been incorporated into the “paleo diet” trend. As a popular weight loss program, the paleo diet emphasizes eating real and natural foods that would have been available to our “cavemen” ancestors. The emphasis on real food is a direct response to our over-industrialized food systems, which produce widely available, inexpensive, unhealthy food options. However, another problem with our modern food system is that it is unsustainable and livestock cultivation is the primary culprit for resource waste and greenhouse gas emissions. We should be looking to reduce our meat intake, not increase it. In this regard, edible insects provide an appealing sustainability option: they are efficient to raise and provide the same nutritional benefits as traditionally raised livestock.
Capps
Authors: Ensor H. Blaine
Published: January 2019

A comprehensive lithic study is provided for an unusual core and flake technology made from chert sources in southeast Alabama that are heavily weathered due to age. Named Capps technology from chert artifacts there and at the Shelley site, it is compared in detail to the Old World Levallois technology with several similarities such as disc cores. Although the assemblage is derived from a surface collection, it is substantially different from Clovis and later Holocene cores and flakes.
The Vero Site (8IR009)
Authors: Hemmings C. Andrew , Adovasio James M. , Vento Frank J. , Vega Anthony J.
Published: January 2019

Recent excavations at the famous Pleistocene Vero Site, also known as the Old Vero Man site in Vero Beach, Florida, have documented strata ranging in age from 22,000 to 2000 BP. Field and lab work has resulted in a detailed reconstruction of natural and cultural stratigraphy, with possible human presence at 14,000 KA. Excavations are protected year-round by a WeatherPort structure. The project is multiyear in scope with excavations continuing through 2017.
Multiple Scales of Interaction in the Early Side-Notched Horizon
Authors: Sweeney Kara Bridgman
Published: January 2019

The author uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) to remodel a large, previously collected database of Early Archaic, side-notched artifacts where multiple overlapping scales of social interaction were previously indicated. Using stone tool attributes, degrees of interaction are plotted over the South Atlantic and Florida Coastal Plain, suggesting social connections including aggregation spaces.
Crystal River and the Archaeology of Early Village Societies in the American Southeast (and Beyond)
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

In the archaeology of the American Southeast, the Woodland period (from around 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) is not conventionally understood as an interval marked by significant “firsts.” But it was marked by a dramatic change in the way people related to one another, as indicated by the earliest widespread appearance of sedentary villages, often associated with large-scale public works like mounds of earth and shell. Crystal River and Roberts Island are examples of these “early villages,” a term archaeologists have used to describe similar societies around the world, typically in reference to societies making a transition from hunting and gathering to farming. However, the people of Crystal River and Roberts Island faced many of the same social and ecological pressures. Early villages are important for what they can tell us about the role of cooperation, collective action, and conflict in the historical process and development of larger and more complex societies.
Context
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

The importance of the archaeological site of Crystal River has been known since at least 1859, but it was excavations in the site’s burial mounds by C.B. Moore in the early twentieth that made the site famous among archaeologists. Later, Ripley Bullen provided additional insight on several of the other mounds and the village at Crystal River, and he and Adelaide Bullen supplied the first account of the nearby site of Roberts Island. Unfortunately, however, the excavations of both Moore and Bullen are underreported, and there has been little work at the sites using modern archaeological methods. Recent work under the auspices of the Crystal River Early Village Archaeological Project rectifies this with research program that combines the analysis of previous collections with minimally invasive new field work. The latter included detailed topographic mapping, coring and shovel testing, geophysical resistivity survey using ground-penetrating radar and electrical resistance, Bayesian modelling, and small-scale test excavations. As a result of these investigations, the sites are among the most thoroughly dated of any Woodland-period sites in eastern North America.
A Center Emerges
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

Current radiocarbon evidence suggests that monument construction at Crystal River began sometime around 1000 BC, based on dating of human remains excavated from the circular embankment of the Main Burial Complex. Construction of the two burial mounds began a few centuries later, but likewise predates the earliest occupation of the village. Thus, the site began as a vacant ceremonial center, probably a place where small family groups dispersed on small islands in the surrounding landscape came together at certain times of the year. This pattern is typical for burial mound sites on the Gulf Coast, but Crystal River exhibits a unique degree of elaboration of architecture and burial treatments that suggest it had already emerged as a regional center. Likewise, the presence of large quantities of exotic Hopewell culture artifacts in a few burials suggest that certain people were already differentiated from others, perhaps owing to their roles as ritual specialists.
From Early Village to Regional Center (Phase 2)
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

The village at Crystal River expanded greatly in size and permanence in Phase 2, which began sometime between around AD 200 and 300 and ended by around AD 500. This growth may have owed partially to a rise in sea level associated with the warmer temperatures of the Roman Warm Period, which might have made life on the seaward islands more difficult. The exchange of Hopewell exotics faded in this interval, but the societies of the Gulf Coast appear to have witnessed a fluorescence, as indicated by the widespread exchange of Swift Creek pottery and Weeden Island pottery. Crystal River was peripheral to these pottery traditions, but it may have been an important nexus between these and the Glades tradition of southern Florida, specifically with regard to the exchange of craft goods manufactured from marine shell. The gulf coast fluorescence is also indicated by a heightened pace of the construction of mounds. At Crystal River, three small platform mounds were initiated in this interval, clearly differentiating it from its peers in the region.
From Regional Center to Mound-Residential Compound (Phase 3)
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

Recent archaeological work suggests that people began moving away from Crystal River in Phase 3, which probably began between around AD 500 and 600 and lasted until sometime between AD 650 and 750, during the Late Woodland Period. Nevertheless, the site seems to have continued to serve as a ceremonial center. The village contracted to the area north of Mound A, which was expanded during this interval; perhaps the continuing presence represents a caretaker population or a compound occupied by a leader and his or her family. Some of the former residents of Crystal River may have moved the short distance downstream to Roberts Island, where settlement was initiated in this interval. Shifts in settlement such as this abandonment and collapse are typical of the Gulf Coast at this time, and may be at least in part a response to a more variable climate and lowered sea level associated with the interval known as the Vandal Minimum.
The Early Village at Crystal River in Broader Perspective
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

The pattern and historical process of early village development at Crystal River are contextualized with regard to regularities that might be typical of this transition on the Gulf Coast, focusing particularly on a handful of sites where archaeological investigations provide sufficient spatial and temporal control to reconstruct the lived experience of early village formation. These case studies permit the identification of eight postulates that can be evaluated for broader applicability to complex hunter-gatherer-fisher coalescent societies in other areas of the world.
Ties That Bind
Authors: Mayes April J.
Published: January 2019

April Mayes argues that the Dominican Republic’s Constitutional Court's decision to strip citizenship and nationality from thousands of Dominicans, most of whom are of Haitian ancestry, demonstrates how factions within, and powerbrokers aligned with, the Partido de la Liberación Dominicano (Dominican Liberation Party, PLD) have used anti-Haitianism and other human rights abuses to consolidate its power over the past two decades. During the PLD's administration, anti-black exclusion, Mayes insists, became institutionalized within the bureaucratic mechanisms of the state, complementing and assisting the state’s governance model.
Translating Hispaniola to the Digital Realm
Authors: Glover Kaiama L. , Horn Maja
Published: January 2019

Kaiama Glover and Maja Horn, both professors at Barnard College, developed and implemented a team-taught course that brought Dominican and Haitian studies into dialogue. On the one hand, this experimental course provided a template for bringing Francophone and Spanish-speaking Caribbean histories into conversation. At the same time, teaching Haiti and the Dominican Republic in one class occasioned an opportunity for students to critically assess both nations in the larger context of transnational and diasporic formations. Their methods unite techniques of digital humanities with transnational pedagogy.
Introduction
Authors: Dalton David S.
Published: January 2019

One key to race formation within postrevolutionary Mexico was the tie between miscegenation and modernity. On the one hand, mestizaje represented the elimination of ethnicity because it resulted from interracial fusion. On the other hand, it became a distinct racial identity that stood in opposition to the indigenous. State officials believed that a prerequisite to modernization was the transformation of Amerindian individuals into mestizos, and they aimed to achieve this end through a process of race formation that used technology to modernize the indigenous body and transform it into a mestizo entity. Mexican society associates a person’s racial identity with his or her ties to modernity. Throughout this study I look at an array of literary and cultural production that shows that Mexican people become racially and culturally coded as mestizo as they assimilate to the modernity-driven state through the use of technology.
Guantanamo
Authors: Lindskoog Carl
Published: January 2019

Chapter 5 examines the government’s first detention camp at the U.S naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and the experience of the Haitian refugees—the original Guantanamo detainees—held there from 1991 to 1994. An important part of this history also involves the government’s detention of HIV-positive Haitians in the world’s first and only “HIV prison camp.” Examining the political and legal challenges to the government’s use of off-shore detention at Guantanamo, this chapter illuminates the history of the legal struggle over the government’s authority to detain in such extraterritorial facilities and debates over how far the U.S. Constitution might reach beyond the United States’ territorial boundaries, and when exercising the U.S. Constitution can lead to human rights abuses.
Reason in History
Authors: Skorupski John
Published: January 2019

This chapter discusses two Hegelian themes that are important for the history of philosophy: the way in which reason is active in history, and the role of history in revealing reason. These are approached through the history of philosophy by considering (i) the epistemological significance of tradition and conviction, and (ii) the nature of ‘rational explanation’ and its role, alongside other factors, in explaining historical changes of philosophical outlook. The Hegelian themes are then discussed by examining two great changes in late modern philosophy: one in philosophy of science and mind, the other in ethics and political philosophy.
What Has History to Do with Philosophy? Insights from the Medieval Contemplative Tradition
Authors: Dyke Christina Van
Published: January 2019

This chapter focuses on the corrective and complementary roles that a historically oriented approach can occupy in philosophical discussions. First, it argues that analysis of the development of key definitions, concepts, principles and so forth can often illuminate problematic prejudices that should motivate a re-examination of the philosophical considerations in their favour. Second, it claims that this re-examination should involve looking at the relevant historical context in which the idea developed. Third, it demonstrates (via the case study of medieval mysticism and modern conceptions of mystical experience) that turning to the relevant historical context can sometimes provide viable philosophical resources with which to complement existing discussions. The chapter concludes by suggesting that this approach can also help philosophers engage in meaningful interaction with scholars working on similar topics in other disciplines.
The Sociology of Philosophical Knowledge Revisited: Relativism, Scepticism, Reductionism
Authors: Kusch Martin
Published: January 2019

This chapter revisits the author’s 1995 book Psychologism: A Sociology of Philosophical Knowlege in a critical, constructive and comparative spirit. It begins with a brief summary of Psychologism. Subsequently, it identifies two key influences and discusses two recent studies that might be seen as sociological alternatives to what the author tried to do in the 1990s. It offers critical comments on these alternatives. Finally, the author formulates two objections to his previous work before turning to the question where the philosophical relevance of the SPK might lie.
OBSTACLES TO IMPLEMENT SOCIAL RESPONSIBLE BUSINESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Dobričanin Sanja , Todić Marko , Lukić Nataša
Published: January 2019

Socially responsible business represent a relatively new management discipline that can enable the introduction of changes in business in order to achieve optimal results. Companies are required to comply with legal regulations and behave in a moral way. But this is just one part of the concept of social responsibility. To be socially responsible, companies have to invest in social development and environmental protection. Socially responsible business as a modern concept of corporate governance should maintain a balance between economic and social goals as the basis for increasing living standards while maintaining profitability. It is important to point out that companies in the Republic of Serbia are not aware of the socially responsible business and that is important to establish good national regulations in order to increase the participation of enterprises in the field of social business. The subject of research in this paper is the analysis of the corporate social responsibility of companies in the territory of the Republic of Serbia in order to determine the obstacles for the implementation of socially responsible business. The aim of the research is to compare the research of the Trag Foundation, conducted in 2012, with the research of the author, conducted in 2017. Methods of research are mainly those that are immanent to economic sciences and other socio-humanistic sciences.
THE IMPACT OF MEDIA CONVERGENCE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTEGRATED CORPORATE COMMUNICATION IN TOURISM
Authors: Sančanin Branislav
Published: January 2019

Media convergence is reflected in the permeation and integration of various media and tourism activities, which increasingly alter the role and habits of identified target groups in tourism.  The subject of this paper is research into the correlation between media convergence and growth and tourism development, through influence on corporate culture, identity, image and reputation which, within the broader context, has significant implications for integrated business communication in tourism. The aim of the paper is to point to the necessity of accelerating the grouping of integrated business communication in tourism within frameworks determined by media convergence. Considering the fact that media convergence is a process, just like the growth and development of tourism, this paper points to the technological, economic, social, cultural and global impact of convergence on traditional media, as well as on web and mobile content and their synergistic reflection on tourism. The influence of media convergence on growth and tourism development is subject to constant quantitative and qualitative changes, resulting in numerous internal and external determinants.