bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
VA Teledermstudy: protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial to compare access to care for a mobile app versus a workstation-based store-and-forward teledermatology process
Authors: Done Nicolae , Oh Dennis H , Weinstock Martin A , Whited John D , Jackson George L , King Heather A , Peracca Sara B , Elwy A Rani , Prentice Julia C
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Teledermatology has emerged as an important strategy to enhance access to high-quality skin care.VA Teledermis a provider-facing, web-based mobile app designed to integrate into the existing teledermatology workflow in the US Veterans Health Administration (VHA). In this study, we will conduct a systematic evaluation ofVA Teledermon access outcomes in VHA facilities using a pragmatic trial guided by clinical and operational leaders.

Methods and analysis

The study is a prospective, stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial with cross-sectional exposure and outcome measurement via retrospective database analysis of administrative records. Each cluster is a VHA facility deemed eligible for the trial. We assign the intervention using a cluster-level balanced randomisation scheme based on facility size, baseline teledermatology uptake and geographic location. The trial will test whether patients receiving dermatological care at participating facilities will have better access compared with patients receiving care through the current standard process. The primary outcomes proxy for patient-level access to dermatology services, including (1) consult completion time for teledermatology consults; (2) appointment completion time for new dermatology consults; and (3) travel distance for dermatology services. As secondary outcomes, we will assess facility-level adoption outcomes, that is, the number of dermatology encounters and the proportion of teledermatology consults out of all dermatology encounters. To account for secular trends in outcomes and for correlation across individuals within clusters, we will assess the impact of the intervention using generalised linear mixed regression models.

Discussion

Streamlining the current practice for store-and-forward teledermatology in the VHA can improve access to expert dermatological care for US veterans. The lessons learnt in this trial could validate the use of mobile technology for consultative store-and-forward dermatology in a large healthcare organisation. The results may also be of interest to other medical specialties assessing the merits of implementing mobile telehealth.

Protocol version

Version 3; 7 November 2018.

Trial registration number

NCT03241589; Pre-results.
Pipeline shield with single antiplatelet therapy in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: multicentre experience
Authors: Manning Nathan W , Cheung Andrew , Phillips Timothy J , Wenderoth Jason D
Published: December 2018

Background

The Pipeline Embolisation Device with Shield technology (PED-Shield) is suggested to have reduced thrombogenicity. This reduced thrombogenicity may make it possible to use safely in the acute treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) on single antiplatelet therapy (SAPT).

Objective

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the off-label use of PED-Shield with SAPT for the acute treatment of aSAH.

Methods

Patients who underwent acute treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with the PED-Shield with SAPT were retrospectively identified from prospectively maintained databases at three Australian neurointerventional centres. Patient demographics, aneurysm characteristics, clinical and imaging outcomes were reviewed.

Results

Fourteen patients were identified (12 women), median age 64 (IQR 21.5) years. Aneurysm morphology was saccular in seven, fusiform in five, and blister in two. Aneurysms arose from the anterior circulation in eight patients (57.1%). Six (42.9%) patients were poor grade (World Federation of Neurological Societies grade ≥IV) SAH. Median time to treatment was 1 (IQR 0.5) day. Complete or near complete aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy <3) was achieved in 12 (85.7%) patients at the end of early-acute follow-up (median day 7 after SAH). Permanent, treatment-related morbidity occurred in one (7.1%) patient and one (7.1%) treatment-related death occurred. The use of a postoperative heparin infusion (n=5) was associated with a higher rate of all complications (80.0% vs 11.1%, p=0.023) and symptomatic complications (60% vs 0.0%, p=0.028). No symptomatic ischaemic or haemorrhagic complications were observed in the patients who did not receive a post-operative heparin infusion. Nine (64.3%) patients were functionally independent on discharge from the treatment centre.

Conclusion

The PED-Shield may be safe to use in the acute treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with SAPT. Further investigation with a formal treatment registry is needed.
Lepton masses and mixings in a T′ flavored 3-3-1 model with type I and type II seesaw mechanisms
Authors: Vien V. V. , Long H. N. , Hernández A. E. Cárcamo
Published: December 2018

We propose a renormalizable T′ flavor model based on the [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry, consistent with the observed pattern of lepton masses and mixings. The small masses of the light active neutrinos are produced from an interplay of type I and type II seesaw mechanisms, which are induced by three heavy right-handed Majorana neutrinos and three [Formula: see text] scalar antisextets, respectively. Our model is only viable for the scenario of normal neutrino mass hierarchy, where the obtained physical observables of the lepton sector are highly consistent with the current neutrino oscillation experimental data. In addition, our model also predicts an effective Majorana neutrino mass parameter of [Formula: see text] eV, a Jarlskog invariant of the order of [Formula: see text] and a leptonic Dirac CP violating phase of [Formula: see text], which is inside the [Formula: see text] experimentally allowed range.
Stability of Schwarzschild —f(R)-gravity thin-shell wormholes
Authors: Khaybullina Alina , Tuleganova Gulira
Published: December 2018

Mazharimousavi and Halilsoy [S. H. Mazharimousavi and M. Halilsoy, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 31, 1650192 (2016)] recently proposed wormhole solutions in f(R)-gravity that satisfy energy conditions but are unstable. We show here that stability could still be achieved for thin-shell wormholes obtained by gluing the wormholes in f(R)-gravity with the exterior Schwarzschild vacuum. Using the new geometrical constraints from thin-shell “mass” and from external “force” developed by Garcia, Lobo and Visser, we demarcate and analyze the stability regions.
Recipe for Resilience? Tracing the Biopolitics of Sint Maarten’s Recovery Efforts After Irma
Authors: Rhiney Kevon
Published: December 2018

On 6 September 2017, hurricane Irma made landfall in Sint Maarten causing extensive infrastructural damage and leaving thousands homeless in its aftermath. Despite ongoing relief efforts, the country is still facing a huge recovery task nearly one year on. Amid a new hurricane season, many questions remain about the country’s future and its state of readiness for possible future climate impacts. In response to these concerns, the government of Sint Maarten has recently spearheaded several initiatives supported by the World Bank and the Netherlands, aimed at mobilizing resources to fuel the recovery efforts and build local-level capacity to prepare for future disaster events. These initiatives include several key pieces of legislations and plans that have set out the government’s vision and priorities. For this paper, I draw on these reports along with several key informant interviews conducted in summer 2018 to offer some preliminary insights on Sint Maarten’s post-hurricane situation. More specifically, I explore how ideas around resilience and “building back better”, get mobilized and incorporated in the recovery efforts and plans following Irma, and the particular work these perform both materially and discursively. The paper also highlights the various ways the post-hurricane situation has become a highly contested and politicized post/colonial terrain, fueled largely by the ongoing tensions and power asymmetries between the Netherlands and the Sint Maarten government.
Understanding subsurface fluvial architecture from a combination of geological well test models and well test data
Authors: Corbett Patrick William Michael , Duarte Gleyden Lucila Benítez
Published: December 2018

Two decades of geological modelling have resulted in the ability to study single-well geological models at a sufficiently high resolution to generate synthetic well test responses from numerical simulations in realistic geological models covering a range of fluvial styles. These 3D subsurface models are useful in aiding our understanding and mapping of the geological variation (as quantified by porosity and permeability contrasts) in the near-wellbore region. The building and analysis of these models enables many workflow steps, from matching well test data to improving history-matching. Well testing also has a key potential role in reservoir characterization for an improved understanding of the near-wellbore subsurface architecture in fluvial systems. Developing an understanding of well test responses from simple through increasingly more complex geological scenarios leads to a realistic, real-life challenge: a well test in a small fluvial reservoir. The geological well testing approach explained here, through a recent fluvial case study in South America, is considered to be useful in improving our understanding of reservoir performance. This approach should lead to more geologically and petrophysically consistent models, and to geologically assisted models that are both more correct and quicker to match to history, and thus, ultimately, to more useful reservoir models. It also allows the testing of a more complex geological model through the well test response.
A Field Guide to Spin Liquids
Authors: Knolle J. , Moessner R.
Published: December 2018

Spin liquids are collective phases of quantum matter that have eluded discovery in correlated magnetic materials for over half a century. Theoretical models of these enigmatic topological phases are no longer in short supply. In experiment there also exist plenty of promising candidate materials for their realization. One of the central challenges for the clear diagnosis of a spin liquid has been to connect the two. From that perspective, this review discusses characteristic features in experiment, resulting from the unusual properties of spin liquids. This takes us to thermodynamic, spectroscopic, transport, and other experiments on a search for traces of emergent gauge fields, spinons, Majorana fermions, and other fractionalized particles.
Wrapping Liquids, Solids, and Gases in Thin Sheets
Authors: Paulsen Joseph D.
Published: December 2018

Many objects in nature and industry are wrapped in a thin sheet to enhance their chemical, mechanical, or optical properties. Similarly, there are a variety of methods for wrapping, from pressing a film onto a hard substrate to inflating a closed membrane, to spontaneously wrapping droplets using capillary forces. Each of these settings raises challenging nonlinear problems involving the geometry and mechanics of a thin sheet, often in the context of resolving a geometric incompatibility between two surfaces. Here, we review recent progress in this area, focusing on highly bendable films that are nonetheless hard to stretch, a class of materials that includes polymer films, metal foils, textiles, and graphene, as well as some biological materials. Significant attention is paid to two recent advances: a novel isometry that arises in the doubly-asymptotic limit of high flexibility and weak tensile forcing, and a simple geometric model for predicting the overall shape of an interfacial film while ignoring small-scale wrinkles, crumples, and folds.
Cancer Neoantigens
Authors: Schumacher Ton N. , Scheper Wouter , Kvistborg Pia
Published: December 2018

Malignant transformation of cells depends on accumulation of DNA damage. Over the past years we have learned that the T cell–based immune system frequently responds to the neoantigens that arise as a consequence of this DNA damage. Furthermore, recognition of neoantigens appears an important driver of the clinical activity of both T cell checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy as cancer immunotherapies. Here we review the evidence for the relevance of cancer neoantigens in tumor control and the biological properties of these antigens. We discuss recent technological advances utilized to identify neoantigens, and the T cells that recognize them, in individual patients. Finally, we discuss strategies that can be employed to exploit cancer neoantigens in clinical interventions.
Combinations of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor and ERAD Inhibitor Promote Oxidative Stress–Induced Apoptosis through ATF4 and KLF9 in Medullary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Bagheri-Yarmand Rozita , Sinha Krishna M. , Li Ling , Lu Yue , Cote Gilbert J. , Sherman Steven I. , Gagel Robert F.
Published: December 2018

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) originates from the C cells of the thyroid gland, which secrete calcitonin. Lymph node and distant metastases are frequently present at diagnosis. Activating mutations of RET, a driver oncogene in MTC that encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor, prevents apoptosis through inhibition of ATF4, a key transcriptional regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We hypothesized that the combination of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and an ATF4 inducer promotes cell death by triggering catastrophic oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death. Here, we report that the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) inhibitor eeyarestatin sensitized MTC cells to the TKIs, sunitinib and vandetanib, thereby leading to synergistic upregulation of ATF4 expression, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and subsequent cell death. Genome-wide analysis of ATF4 interaction sites by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing revealed that among ATF4 target genes was KLF9 (Kruppel-like factor 9), which induces MTC apoptosis. ChIP assays revealed that ATF4 occupancy at the KLF9 promoter was increased in MTC cells treated with eeyarestatin or vandetanib alone and was further enhanced in cells treated with both drugs, leading to increased KLF9 transcription. Depletion of ATF4 by shRNA led to downregulation of KLF9 expression and prevented oxidative stress–induced cell death. Furthermore, we identified ATF4 target genes (LZTFL1, MKNK2, and SIAH1 with known tumor suppressor function) that were synergistically upregulated with the combination of TKI and ERAD inhibitor.

Implications:

These findings reveal a combination therapy that induces reactive oxygen species–dependent catastrophic cell death through induction of ATF4 and KLF9 transcriptional activity.
The REACH Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing the Safety and Effectiveness of the Spiration® Valve System in the Treatment of Severe Emphysema
Authors: Li Shiyue , Wang Guangfa , Wang Changhui , Gao Xinglin , Jin Faguang , Yang Huaping , Han Baohui , Zhou Rui , Chen Chengshui , Chen Liangan , Bai Chunxue , Shen Huahao , Herth Felix J.F. , Zhong Nanshan
Published: December 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in China, with tobacco smoke, air pollution, and occupational biohazards being the major risk factors. Objectives: The REACH trial is a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled trial undertaken in China to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Spiration® Valve System (SVS) compared to standard medical care in COPD patients with severe emphysema. Methods: Patients with severe airflow obstruction, hyperinflation, and severe dyspnea with interlobar fissure integrity were evaluated for enrollment. A total of 107 subjects were randomized in a 2: 1 allocation ratio to either the treatment group (SVS valves and medical management) or the control group (medical management alone). Results: The 3-month primary endpoint showed statistically significant improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in the treatment group compared to the control group (0.104 ± 0.18 vs. 0.003 ± 0.15 L, p = 0.001), with the difference being durable through 6 months. Statistically significant target lobe volume reduction was achieved at 3 months (mean change 684.4 ± 686.7 mL) and through 6 months (757.0 ± 665.3 mL). Exercise function and quality of life measures improved in the treatment group, but showed a deterioration in the control group. The serious adverse event (SAE) rate was 33% in the treatment group and 24.2% in the control group. The predominance of SAEs were acute exacerbations of COPD in both groups. There was 1 death in the control group and no deaths in the treatment group. Conclusion: The SVS represents a novel approach for the treatment of severe emphysema with a clinically acceptable risk-benefit profile.
The Incidence and Risk Factors of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Ando Katsuyoshi , Fujiya Mikihiro , Nomura Yoshiki , Inaba Yuhei , Sugiyama Yuya , Kobayashi Yu , Iwama Takuya , Ijiri Masami , Takahashi Keitaro , Ueno Nobuhiro , Kashima Shin , Moriichi Kentaro , Tanabe Hiroki , Mizukami Yusuke , Akasaka Kazumi , Fujii Satoshi , Yamada Satoshi , Nakase Hiroshi , Okumura Toshikatsu
Published: December 2018

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been shown to be more frequent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in the general population in Western studies. However, the actual state of VTE in Asian IBD remains poorly understood. Aims: To reveal the incidence of VTE in IBD patients in Japan. Methods: Eighty-five patients admitted to 3 gastroenterology centers were registered from 2013 to 2018. The incidence of VTE in patients with IBD (n = 42) was prospectively compared to that among patients with other digestive diseases (n = 43). The presence of VTE was surveyed using contrast-enhanced computed tomography and/or ultrasonography at admission and at 1–2 weeks after admission. The patient characteristics and laboratory data of IBD patients with or without VTE were compared to determine the risk factors for VTE. Results: The incidence of VTE with IBD was 16.7%, which was significantly more frequent than with other digestive diseases (2.3%; p = 0.0296). In IBD patients, VTE was detected in 6 of 22 patients with ulcerative colitis (27.2%) but in only 1 of 20 patients with Crohn’s disease (5.0%). VTE was diagnosed at admission in 4 IBD patients and 2 weeks after admission in 3 IBD patients. The risk factors of VTE in IBD were the presence of an indwelling central venous catheter, a low level of total protein, a low activated partial thromboplastin time, and a high level of fibrinogen degradation products. Conclusion: VTE was frequently detected in Japanese IBD patients both at and after admission. Adequate screening and prophylaxis for VTE is deemed necessary in IBD.
Avaliação da eficácia de hidrofugantes e antigraffiti no Arenito Itararé
Authors: Grossi Danielle , Del Lama Eliane Aparecida
Published: December 2018

No patrimônio pétreo, a rocha está exposta aos efeitos do intemperismo. Para postergar esse processo, existem produtos de tratamento e proteção, os quais devem ser testados e aprovados, pois podem danificar mais o patrimônio do que o próprio intemperismo se os produtos não forem compatíveis com a rocha. O Theatro Municipal de São Paulo, uma importante edificação do Centro Velho da cidade de São Paulo, possui o Arenito Itararé em sua fachada frontal. Essa é uma rocha muito frágil devido à presença de esmectita em sua composição. Esse mineral se degrada muito facilmente em presença de água. Visando estudar um meio de proteger essa rocha contra a ação da água, dois hidrofugantes (siloxano — H1 — e propil siliconato oligomérico — H2) foram testados. Outro problema que atinge os centros urbanos é o vandalismo por graffiti/pichação. Como essa é uma rocha porosa, a limpeza desse tipo de ação não é totalmente efetiva e os produtos utilizados deixam resíduos que prejudicam a durabilidade da pedra. Para proteger a rocha da pichação, também foi testado um antigraffiti (AG). Para avaliar a eficiência desses produtos, foram realizados ensaios de capilaridade, tubo de Karsten, medida do ângulo de contato, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, porosimetria de mercúrio, ciclos de saturação e secagem, velocidade de ondas ultrassônicas, espectrofotometria e profundidade de penetração. Os hidrofugantes mostraram comportamentos similares, entretanto o H1 diminuiu a porosidade da rocha e não polimerizou completamente. O antigrafitti escureceu a rocha e mudou a distribuição do tamanho dos poros.
Prognostic Impact of Periprocedural Myocardial Infarction in Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Ndrepepa Gjin , Räber Lorenz , Karagiannis Alexios , Kufner Sebastian , Zanchin Thomas , Hieber Julia , Hunziker Lukas , Mayer Katharina , Byrne Robert A. , Heg Dik , Windecker Stephan , Kastrati Adnan
Published: December 2018

Background:

The magnitude of prognostically relevant myocardial injury after percutaneous coronary interventions remains poorly defined. The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) proposed marked biomarker elevations to define periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI). These consensus-based thresholds have not been validated in the era of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins. We sought to assess the prognostic impact of SCAI-defined PMI and explore optimal prognostic thresholds of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) after elective percutaneous coronary interventions.

Methods and Results:

We evaluated patients who underwent elective percutaneous coronary interventions at 2 tertiary care centers with serial hs-cTnT measurements. PMI was defined as peak postprocedural hs-cTnT >70× upper reference limit (URL) in patients with nonelevated (≤1× URL) baseline levels; or incremental increase >70× URL in patients with elevated baseline levels. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. Of 8140 patients, 220 (2.7%) died within 1 year. In multivariable analyses, patients with SCAI-defined PMI (n=140; 1.7%) had a higher risk of 1-year mortality (12.9% versus 2.5%, adjusted hazard ratio 4.10, 95% CI 2.51–6.68;
P
<0.001) as well as cardiac mortality (11.4% versus 2.1%, adjusted hazard ratio 4.21, 95% CI 2.50–7.11;
P
<0.001). Based on receiver operating characteristics analysis, the optimal prognostic threshold of hs-cTnT was >10×URL, observed in 14.6% of patients. This threshold showed lower specificity (85.7% versus 98.4%) but higher sensitivity (25.4% versus 8.2%) and better overall performance for prediction of 1-year mortality compared with the SCAI-defined cutoff value of troponin.

Conclusions:

In patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary interventions, SCAI-defined PMI emerged as an independent, highly specific, but insensitive predictor of 1-year mortality. Optimal trade-off between sensitivity and specificity was observed at a lower threshold of hs-cTnT (10× URL) in this cohort.
Familial Mortality Risks in Patients With Heart Failure—A Swedish Sibling Study
Authors: Lindgren Magnus P. , Smith J. Gustav , Li Xinjun , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Zöller Bengt
Published: December 2018

Background

The influence of familial factors on the prognosis of heart failure (
HF
) is unknown. This nationwide follow‐up study aimed to determine familial mortality risks of
HF
among Swedish siblings hospitalized for
HF
.

Methods and Results

We linked several Swedish nationwide registers for individuals aged 0 to 80 years. The study population consisted of 373 people hospitalized for
HF
for the first time between 2000 and 2012 with 1 proband sibling previously hospitalized for
HF
for the first time between 2000 and 2007. Families with congenital heart disease were excluded. Familial hazard ratios (
HR
s) for mortality after first
HF
hospitalization were determined with Cox regression. The influence of proband survival was categorized as short survival (<5 years) or long survival (≥5 years) and determined continuously for the initial 5 years of proband survival. Adjustments were made for age, sex, time period, and common
HF
comorbidities. Short proband survival was associated with a
HR
of 2.02 (95% confidence interval, 1.32–3.09) for overall mortality. This
HR
was 2.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–4.67) in patients without preceding coronary heart disease, whereas patients with ischemic
HF
had an
HR
of 1.84 (95% confidence interval, 1.05–3.23). For each year of proband survival, the risk of death decreased, with a
HR
of 0.86 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–0.98).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that family history of poor survival in specific relation to
HF
is an important risk factor for death in
HF
patients. Additional studies are needed to characterize the molecular underpinnings and detailed phenotypic characteristics of such patients.
The Reuse of Classical Antiquity in the Palace of Madinat al-Zahraʾ and Its Role in the Construction of Caliphal Legitimacy
Authors: Capilla Susana Calvo
Published: December 2018

The appearance of a group of Roman statues and sarcophagi in different buildings of the palace of Madinat al-Zahra⁠ʾ founded by Caliph ʿAbd al-Rahman III (r. 912–61) raises several questions about the revival of classical antiquity promoted by the caliphal court of Cordoba in the tenth century. The pieces—reused as basins for water fountains—had hitherto been considered irrelevant to the architectural and historical study of the caliphal palace, even though their discovery and location in specific buildings of the complex are essential to understanding and determining the function of these spaces. In addition, this discovery will help to interpret the range of the cultural development of the caliphal court and its relevance in the construction of political theory in al-Andalus in the tenth century. In this article I first examine the intellectual context in which these pieces were displayed, which lets us understand the reasons these particular characters—heroes, philosophers, and Muses—and scenes were chosen. I also consider the relationship these pieces had with their designated locations and to what extent their existence might suggest that these were spaces related to scientific and intellectual activities.
Emperors of Ṣūrat and Maʿnī: Jahangir and Shah Jahan as Temporal and Spiritual Rulers
Authors: Franke Heike
Published: December 2018

This article begins with a discussion of a more-than-life-sized portrait of Jahangir (r. 1605–27) that is surrounded by verses in twenty-six cartouches. These verses are of special interest because they are the connecting link between a series of “allegorical paintings” made for Jahangir and the new concept of sovereignty devised for his father, Akbar, who had ordered the scholar Abuʼl-Fazl to develop a system of legitimization to emancipate him from the endorsement of the chief religious authorities of Islam. The pivotal terms of this new ideology, ṣūrat and maʿnī, are found throughout Abuʼl-Fazl’s Akbarnāma, and they turn up again in the cartouches of Jahangir’s portrait. To understand the meaning of these verses, it is necessary to consider the system of legitimation conceived by Abuʼl-Fazl. The verses then provide valuable information for the interpretation of some portraits of Jahangir and Shah Jahan.
Lusterware Made in the Abbadid Taifa of Seville (Eleventh Century) and Its Early Production in the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Barceló Carmen , Heidenreich Anja
Published: December 2018

This article presents a study of the expansion of Islamic lusterware across the Mediterranean before its production was fully consolidated in al-Andalus between the end of the twelfth and the thirteenth century. A number of examples are presented here that indicate a flourishing trade around the Mediterranean as early as the tenth century, including pottery as well as other luxury goods. A survey of lusterware found on the Iberian Peninsula has yielded relevant information on the complex technical history of local luster production. We present seven Andalusi luster fragments from the eleventh century that feature decoration on both sides, with one piece bearing epigraphic inscriptions naming two of the Abbadid rulers of Seville, al-Muʿtaḍid and al-Muʿtamid. Discovered in Spain (Seville and Palma del Rio) and Portugal (Silves and Coimbra), these fragments indicate the existence of a ceramic production center in Seville and another at the Abbadid palace during the second half of the eleventh century. These pieces indicate the direct and marked influence that the various centers of luxury luster production in the Islamic East and West exerted on one another, a phenomenon not uncommon in the history of Islamic pottery.
Reflections on Thirty Years of Muqarnas
Authors: Necipoğlu Gülru
Published: December 2018

In this volume marking the thirtieth anniversary of Muqarnas, the Editor reflects on the evolution of the journal over the years. To that end, the members of the Editorial and Advisory Boards were sent a questionnaire, asking them to comment on the contributions of Muqarnas and its Supplements series to the field of Islamic art and architecture studies over the past three decades, and to provide suggestions for future directions. Their observations, thoughts, and hopes for Muqarnas have been anonymously incorporated into this essay, which, in conversation with their comments, looks back on the history of the publication and offers some possibilities for the path it might take going forward. The goal here is neither to assess the historiography nor to examine the current state of the field thirty years after the opening essay of volume 1. Instead, the focus is on the development and impact of both Muqarnas and the Supplements series in a highly specialized field with relatively few and short-lived or sporadic journals, before turning to the successes and shortcomings of these publications, as outlined by some of the board members.
Raqqa: The Forgotten Excavation of an Islamic Site in Syria by the Ottoman Imperial Museum in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Yoltar-Yildirim Ayşin
Published: December 2018

Raqqa, in Syria, was the only Islamic site excavated by the Ottoman Imperial Museum during its existence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Although the Imperial Museum may not have been searching specifically for an Islamic site of the medieval period to excavate, its response to the plundering of Raqqa, which began as early as 1899, was to pursue an archaeological excavation in a systematic manner. Two campaigns were conducted, under the directorships of Macridy and Haydar Bey, in 1905–6 and 1908 respectively. Although not lasting more than a couple of months, they were relatively important from the perspective of the Imperial Museum and Islamic archaeology at that time. This article focuses on the history of these Raqqa excavations, namely, the reasons the Imperial Museum began excavating there, how it conducted its excavations, and, finally, the finds and the way they were displayed at the Museum. Existing archival documents on the excavation, along with the earliest inventories of the finds in the Imperial Museum and the personal letters of Macridy, all hitherto unpublished, are analyzed in order to shed light on these long forgotten excavations.
“As if she were Jerusalem”: Placemaking in Sephardic Salonica
Authors: Christensen Peter
Published: December 2018

No Mediterranean city witnessed as dramatic a demographic shift as Salonica following the expulsion of the Jews from Iberia in 1492. This article explores the specific concept of placemaking in the context of this transformation, examining how the industries, devotional spaces, mythology, and material traditions of Iberian Jews tactically engaged with extant forms of Ottoman multicultural governance and social systems. Drawing upon a broad array of visual and textual information, this article argues that under the evolving mechanics of the millet and dhimmi systems, the nimbler aspects of material culture–color, fabric, dress, spoliation–proved to be the most effective in articulating and developing diasporic Sephardic identity within both the city and the empire. This article further analyzes the ways in which this identity was capable of, if not inclined to, the delimiting of regional, class, and gender groups, ultimately contouring and challenging notions of a monolithic minority culture within the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth through the early nineteenth century.
A Tale of Two Mosques: Marrakesh’s Masjid al-Jamiʿ al-Kutubiyya
Authors: Stockstill Abbey
Published: December 2018

The Kutubiyya Mosque, the hallmark monument of the Almohad dynasty (1121–1269) in their capital city of Marrakesh, has resisted scholarly interpretation due to its unique plan, featuring two prayer halls wedged apart by the monumental minaret. The south-facing qibla and the architectural use of a prior dynasty’s palatial remains further complicate the narrative surrounding the function of the mosque within the urban fabric and the Almohads’ dynastic self-concept. This article argues that such idiosyncrasies are indicative of the Almohads’ sensitivity to the intellectual, religious, and legal arguments of the day, expressed through a deliberate adaptation or repudiation of the architectural precedents in the Islamic West. The Kutubiyya must be understood as a monumental record of the dynastic shifts in ideology and identity as the Almohads struggled to define themselves against their predecessors and competitors. The site’s unique plan and complex construction history are the physical evidence of this struggle, which makes the role of the Kutubiyya in the urban history of Marrakesh all the more significant.
An Unknown Collection of Preliminary Drawings and Extra Illustrations Prepared for The Arabian Antiquities of Spain by James Cavanah Murphy in the Gennadius Library, Athens
Authors: Mulvin Lynda S.
Published: December 2018

In the Gennadius Library of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, Greece, is a heretofore unknown large-format volume that contains many extra illustrations, original drawings, and proofs of plates for The Arabian Antiquities of Spain by James Cavanah Murphy (1760–1814). Based on research conducted between 1802 and 1809, The Arabian Antiquities of Spain features engravings of major monuments of Hispano-Islamic architecture, including the Alhambra, the Great Mosque at Cordoba, and the Generalife at Granada; the work was published posthumously in 1816. Since the Gennadius volume also includes sketches of Islamic monuments from Malaga, Seville, and Xeres, it appears that Murphy originally intended to publish a complete survey of Hispano-Islamic monuments in southern Spain. In the Gennadius volume, grangerized drawings are placed opposite published engravings for comparative purposes; the drawings include notes written by Murphy to the engravers, and several are hand-tinted, which reveal Murphy’s interest in polychromy. This article presents the newly discovered drawings in the Gennadius volume, which adds to our understanding of the monuments depicted in the published plates of Arabian Antiquities, and serves to position Murphy’s pioneering efforts in the context of architectural scholarship, chromolithography, and the book trade in the early nineteenth century.
Investment Protection in Offshore Energy Production: Bright Sides of Regime Interaction
Authors: Trevisanut Seline , Giannopoulos Nikolaos
Published: December 2018

At the international law level, the regulation of offshore energy projects does not fall neatly into one global regime. On the contrary, it is subject to a plethora of overlapping legal regimes, including the law of the sea, international environmental law, international economic law, and international energy law. The present article addresses the question how regime interaction affects investment protection in the offshore energy sector. Specifically, it investigates whether cross-fertilization between regimes also has ‘positive’ effects on the protection of investments in offshore energy or whether fragmentation consists of both a perceived and actual challenge. We submit that, even though regime interaction poses challenges to investment protection, the influence of the overlapping legal frameworks is not necessarily a ‘threat’ to investment protection. To the contrary, regime interaction can contribute to widen the objectives of international investment law.
Reverse-engineering Tones and Tone Sandhi in Wenzhou Dialect: Between-speaker Differences and Historical Development
Authors: Rose Phil
Published: December 2018

Auditory and acoustic descriptions are presented for the tones and tone sandhi of two Wenzhou speakers in disyllabic words with tones from the historical ping + qu categories. Differences between the speakers both in isolation tones and tone sandhi are demonstrated. It is suggested that the opaque morphotonemic relationships between sandhi and isolation tones are better accounted for historically, rather than as synchronic operations on unique underliers. The effects of stress / metrical strength are an important factor.
Comparing glomerular filtration rate equations and the impact of different creatinine assays on the assessment of renal function in cancer patients
Authors: Garner Ashley E , Barnfield Mark C , Waller Michael L , Hall Geoff D , Bosomworth Mike P
Published: December 2018

Background

Equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate based on serum creatinine are commonly used in cancer patients to assess renal function. However, there is uncertainty regarding which equation is most appropriate for this population and the impact of different creatinine assays.

Methods

Measured isotopic glomerular filtration rate results from 120 oncology patients were used to evaluate and compare all four versions of the Wright equation, Cockcroft and Gault, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration and the Janowitz and Williams formula; using eight different creatinine assays (five Jaffe, three enzymatic).

Results

The enzymatic version of the Wright equation without creatine kinase performed better than the other versions for all eight creatinine assays. However, MDRD and Janowitz and Williams gave the best overall performance in this patient population. Performance was highly dependent on the creatinine assay used, for example, the percentage of results within 30% of the isotopic glomerular filtration rate (P30) ranged from 90.8% to 60.8% for MDRD.

Conclusion

The performance of any equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate is highly dependent on the creatinine assay used. Oncology units should assess the performance of glomerular filtration rate equations using their laboratory creatinine assay to determine whether they can be used safely and effectively in cancer patients.
L’ergothérapie à l’ère de la quatrième révolution industrielle
Authors: Liu Lili
Published: December 2018

Description.

Bien que l’ergothérapie soit issue du mouvement Arts and Crafts et du traitement du moral des anciens combattants, la profession a évolué vers l’adoption de la maîtrise préalable à l’entrée en exercice de la pratique et elle fait appel à l’établissement de relations complexes avec les clients tout au long de la vie. À travers l’histoire, chacune des révolutions industrielles a eu un impact systématique, soit une perte massive d’emplois en raison de l’automatisation des processus. Cette conséquence est encore plus profonde aujourd’hui avec la croissance exponentielle des innovations et de l’automatisation.

But.

Les objectifs de cet article sont (a) de faire une mise en contexte en examinant l’évolution ou les cinq ères de l’ergothérapie au Canada, (b) de définir ce que l’on entend par « quatrième révolution industrielle », et (c) d’examiner les innovations technologiques qui auront une influence sur les ergothérapeutes et leurs clients alors que nous entrons dans la « sixième » ère de l’ergothérapie au Canada.

Questions clés.

Bien que le risque d’automatisation de la profession d’ergothérapeute soit faible, un grand nombre de nos clients seront incapables d’acquérir assez rapidement les nouvelles compétences qui seront requises pour répondre aux exigences du marché de l’emploi. La téléréadaptation, l’Internet des objets, la réalité virtuelle, l’impression 3D, la robotique, l’intelligence artificielle et les véhicules autonomes sont en train de transformer la façon dont les ergothérapeutes offrent des services aux clients.

Conséquences.

Il serait judicieux pour les ergothérapeutes de s’allier à des disciplines différentes de celles avec lesquelles ils collaborent habituellement, car leur expertise sera sollicitée pour défendre leurs propres intérêts et ceux de leurs clients, qui sont les utilisateurs finaux de ces technologies.
Charting Success: The Experience of Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments in Promoting Student Use of Graphics
Authors: Zebehazy Kim T. , Wilton Adam P.
Published: December 2018

Introduction

This study analyzed the qualitative responses of a survey of teachers of students with visual impairments in Canada and the United States about tactile and print graphic use by their students with visual impairments. Questions focused on barriers to students using graphics, strategies taught to tactile graphics users, and profiles of successful tactile and print graphics users.

Methods

The researchers followed a thematic analysis approach to independently code and then reach consensus on themes and subthemes of the qualitative responses.

Results

In general, the teachers cited a range of challenges under the main themes of quality and instruction. Subcategories included availability of time for both production and instruction, lack of standardization in material production, and student development of concepts through the use of graphics. Main characteristics of successful graphics users included motivation and an ability to apply skills across tasks. Variations in responses for tactile and print graphics users are highlighted.

Discussion

Findings highlighted areas in which teachers of students with visual impairments can focus to promote effective graphics use by their students. Commonality in strategies used for teaching tactile graphics was apparent, as was a general belief that being intelligent contributed to success.

Implications for practitioners

Frequent exposure and practice with graphics, whether tactile or print, is important. Developing an ability to analyze the features of a graphic and its impact on comprehension can inform strategies for and selection of instructional methods.
Postural Control in Young People with Visual Impairments and Various Risks of Falls
Authors: Sadowska Dorota , Stemplewski Rafał , Szeklicki Robert
Published: December 2018

Introduction

Early diagnosis of postural control deficiencies facilitates implementation of an individual rehabilitation plan to prevent falls. The aim of the study was to assess the risk of falling in individuals with visual impairments, and to compare performance-based and theoretical limits of stability in subjects with various risks of falling.

Methods

The study was comprised of 23 participants with severe visual impairments. The risk of fall was assessed with the Step Test. Performance-based limits of stability were measured with the Advanced Mechanical Technology, Inc. (AMTI) platform, and theoretical limits of stability were calculated based on the height of the center of mass (COM) and maximum body sway leaning angles.

Results

COM displacement values, corresponding to performance-based limits of stability, in individuals with visual impairments whose risk of falling was classified as high were significantly lower than the theoretical values (p ≤ .05). Similar differences were not observed in participants with visual impairments whose risk of falling was assessed as low. Individuals from the low-risk group showed significantly higher values of performance-based limits of stability than the participants from the high-risk group (p ≤ .01 for medio-lateral direction and p ≤ .05 for forward-backward direction).

Discussion

Nearly half of young people with visual impairments are at increased risk of falling. Such persons showed lower performance-based limits of stability than participants with visual impairments with a low risk of falling. Performance-based limits of stability in individuals with visual impairments with a high risk of falling are lower than their theoretical limits of stability.

Implications for practitioners

The fact that nearly half of young people with visual impairments are at an increased risk of falling necessitates implementation of preventive measures in this group, as well as among individuals who are blind.
Gender, Community and Sexual Violence in a Bengal Village: 1948
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Anindita
Published: December 2018

This essay explores the inseparability of sexual violence and dominant-caste privileges embedded in structures of local power, which are finally nested within the legal institutions of the State. This essay examines the court transcripts of the trial of a village lynchpin, Gobinda Nandi, on the charge of rape. The individual to bring in the charges was a 20-year-old woman by the name of Genubala. The essay lays out the internal dynamics of the low-caste Bagdi community, as its members confront the rapist who controlled most of the village sources of livelihood. The essay turns on the refusal of the aggrieved Genubala and her husband Pashupati’s refusal to abide by Bagdi community’s unhappy decision to opt for a compromise with Gobinda Nandi. The political economy of the village power structure marks the aggrieved couple’s deliberate choice to approach legal institutions and the judicial process of the state as the crucial moment of departure from the communitarian redistributive justice and its specific life-world. But what does this choice imply for the two highly vulnerable individuals who are reluctant to be part of the Bagdi community, and who are seeking to activate the Indian State’s judicial system in their favour?
The Effects of Victimization and Fear of Crime on the Legal Socialization of Young Adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Medina Justin C. , Rodrigues Herbert
Published: December 2018

It is important to understand how young adolescents come to view authorities during formative years. Experiencing, witnessing, and fearing victimization have been linked to the process of legal socialization and subsequent attitudes and behavior. In addition, procedural justice may influence adolescent perceptions of fairness of the authorities. The present study tested whether procedural justice mediated and moderated the relationship between young adolescents’ direct and vicarious victimization and developing a sense of legitimacy in authority and cynicism towards authority. A longitudinal sample of 800 Brazilian students, age 11 to 12, living in São Paulo was used to fit structural equation models to examine these relationships. The findings revealed a partial link between victimization and legal socialization. The overall mediating model significantly predicted the direct and indirect relationships between victimization and fear of crime and the formation of legitimacy and cynicism. The moderating effect of procedural justice on direct victimization also significantly predicted the formation of legitimacy. Implications and future research directions are discussed.