bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Níveis de treinamento das ações técnico-táticas de tenistas infantojuvenis de 12 a 14 anos de idade
Authors: Klering Roberto Tierling , Gonçalves Gabriel Henrique Treter , Cortela Caio Correa , Ginciene Guy , Balbinotti Carlos Adelar Abaide
Published: April 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é comparar os níveis de frequência das diferentes iniciativas de jogadas no tênis e, com isso, identificar os níveis de treinamento presentes nas diferentes situações de jogo. Para tanto, foi aplicado o Inventário do Treino Técnico-Desportivo do Tenista – 121 para uma amostra de 37 tenistas do sexo masculino (categoria “até 14 anos”), participantes de um campeonato internacional de tênis. Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas para a comparação entre as iniciativas de jogadas. Para a comparação entre os tipos de golpes utilizou-se o teste t pareado. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (p < 0,05) entre as iniciativas de jogadas e entre os tipos de golpes investigados. Este resultado indica uma possível especialização precoce das ações técnico-esportivas quanto aos tenistas investigados.
Behavior of trap-and-transported Atlantic salmon spawners of hatchery origin in the Daugava River system (Latvia)
Authors: Nyqvist Daniel , Zagars Matiss , Calles Olle , Comoglio Claudio
Published: April 2019

Where migrating fish have to pass multiple dams, very high passage performance is required at the series of obstacles to avoid accumulated negative effects of multiple dam passage. In some rivers, migrating fish are trapped, transported past several obstacles, and released to continue their migration. Such trap-and-transport solutions, however, have seldom been evaluated. In the Daugava River, Latvia, several dams with no functional fishways block the river for migrating fish. A remnant Atlantic salmon population is being sustained by a sea ranching regime, where returning spawners are caught and artificially spawned, the juveniles raised in hatcheries, and smolts released in to the river in time for their seaward migration. Hatchery released fish, however, differ substantially from wild conspecifics, and in Latvia, as elsewhere throughout the range of salmon, reduced dependency on hatchery production and the re-establishment of wild salmon populations are being discussed. In the Daugava River system, suitable spawning and rearing habitat remains upstream two dams and an associated large reservoir in a mainstem tributary, the Ogre River, offering the potential to restore a wild salmon population.  To explore the potential of a trap-and-transport solution to bring Atlantic salmon spawners in contact with remaining spawning grounds in the Daugava River system, spawners were caught, radio tagged, transported upstream of the two dams and the reservoir, and released to pursue their spawning migration in the tributary. Despite being unfamiliar with the river, some of the tagged spawners moved upstream, reaching areas up to 12 km from the release sites. Males were observed higher upstream in the river compared to females, and some males were tracked relatively close to potential salmon spawning habitat. Females, although displaying some movements in the lower parts of the river, were not observed close to any suitable spawning areas, highlighting potentially important sex differences in post trap-and-transport behaviour. Perhaps due to different responses to handling stress, such low post-transportation spawning success among females has the potential to negatively impact restoration efforts in the Daugava River system and elsewhere. The present study represents a first step towards the restoration of wild Daugava salmon, one of several unique Baltic Atlantic salmon populations, and a potential model for future restoration efforts.
Superior vena cava syndrome due to pacemaker leads: an Indian report with a review of management practices
Authors: Kunal Shekhar , Pathak Vijay , Pathak Pooja
Published: April 2019

Superior vena cava [SVC] syndrome due to pacemaker leads is a distinct diagnostic rarity. It is diagnosed clinically based on constellation of signs and symptoms supported by imaging evidence of SVC obstruction. A 70-year-old male, an ex-smoker, presented with facial and upper limb swelling along with exertional dyspnea. He had undergone transvenous dual chamber rate modulated [DDDR] pacemaker implantation four years back for symptomatic sinus node dysfunction. Imaging demonstrated a hypodense-filling defect in the SVC causing 70-80% luminal narrowing along with presence of collaterals. Patient was managed on anticoagulants and planned for SVC stenting with epicardial pacing which failed. Patient refused to undergo further any further treatment and was subsequently lost to follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed description of SVC syndrome due to pacemaker leads from India, which was managed medically.
Congenital biotinidase deficiency – MRI findings in two cases
Authors: Ranjan Rahul S , Taneja Sunil , Singh Anil , Gupta Vikas
Published: April 2019

Congenital biotinidase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism that most commonly presents in infantile age group. Diffusion changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are sparsely described in the literature. We are presenting diffusion-weighted MRI findings in two confirmed cases of congenital biotinidase deficiency in infantile age group with review of literature.
Cardiac T2* magnetic resonance analysis of membranous interventricular septum in assessment of cardiac iron overload in pediatric thalassemia patients: A pilot study
Authors: Kumar Ishan , Aggarwal Priyanka , Gupta Vineeta , Verma Ashish , Kumar Suwen , Shukla Ram C
Published: April 2019

Background: Cardiac iron deposition in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients is patchy in distribution. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between T2* matrices of membranous interventricular septum (MIVS) and T2* values of muscular interventricular septum (IVS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate the relationship of myocardial T2* at these two locations with MRI-estimated liver iron concentrations (LIC) and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters. Material and Methods: MRI of heart and liver was performed in 16 consecutive pediatric patients of transfusion-dependent thalassemia major to calculate liver iron concentration and T2* time of membranous and muscular IVS. ECG parameters of these patients were charted and correlated with MRI parameters. Results: No significant correlation between T2* values of muscular IVS and MIVS was observed. Mean T2* of MIVS (9.8 ms) was significantly lower than that of muscular IVS (26.9 ms). T2* of MIVS correlated strongly with LIC where as a weak correlation was observed between T2* of IVS and LIC. Significantly higher mean QTc (corrected QT interval) value (439.86 ms) was seen in patients with T2* IVS <20 ms. Conclusion: Addition of T2* analysis of MIVS to the existing MRI protocol, consisting of muscular IVS analysis, may offer a more sensitive estimation of cardiac iron overload.
Non-radiation occupational hazards and health issues faced by radiologists – A cross-sectional study of Indian radiologists
Authors: Kawthalkar Ameya S , Sequeira Rachel A , Arya Supreeta , Baheti Akshay D
Published: April 2019

Context: Radiologists as a group face unique occupational health hazards among which musculoskeletal injuries, chronic eye strain, and others are yet to receive adequate attention. Constant mental strain due to demanding turnaround times and work pressures may lead to burnout and depression. These combine to decrease overall work satisfaction and productivity. Aims: To study the prevalence of various health issues faced by radiologists in India and to assess whether specific demographic and occupational factors are associated with an increased risk. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional observational study conducted as a voluntary anonymous electronic survey. Methods and Materials: A 36-item survey was sent to radiologists through email and social media. All respondents who completed survey were included in the study. Questions regarding workload, repetitive stress injuries, eye strain, burnout, and so on were asked. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test was used to test significance of correlation (P < 0.05). Results: In all, 383 radiologists completed the survey. A high prevalence of repetitive stress injuries, chronic eye strain, depression, and burnout was found. Significant correlation was found between repetitive stress injuries and burnout. Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PCPNDT) related issues and work overload were the most common causes of high stress levels. Radiologists whose practices followed ergonomic design showed significantly less prevalence of neck pain. Conclusion: Radiologists in India have a high prevalence of repetitive stress injuries, chronic eye strain, and burnout, along with unique mental stressors such as PCPNDT-related issues.
Predictors of metabolic response in propensity-matched lymphoma patients on interim 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography using standardized imaging and reporting protocol: Do we really have one?
Authors: Fatima Nosheen , Zaman Maseeh Uz , Zaman Areeba , Zaman Unaiza , Tahseen Rabia , Zaman Sidra
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this prospective study was to determine metabolic response predictor(s) in propensity-matched patients having lymphomas who had baseline and interim 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) using strict standardized imaging and reporting protocols. This prospective study was conducted at PET/CT section of a JCI-accredited healthcare facility from April 2017 to February 2018. Patients with baseline and interim 18FDG PET/CT scans using standardized protocol were selected. Interim scans were performed not earlier than 2nd or later than 4th chemotherapy. During the study period, 97 of 112 consecutive patients with lymphomas (Hodgkin-HL: 32/97 and Non-Hodgkin-NHL: 65/97) were included in the study. Mean age of cohort was 45 ± 19 years (71% male and 29% female) having a mean body mass index (BMI) of 25.57 ± 5.54 Kg/m2 having Stage I (21%), Stage II (18%), Stage III (16%), and Stage IV (45%) disease. Bulky disease was found in 14% and 18FDG-avid marrow deposits in 33%. Standardized PET/CT imaging protocol as per EANM guidelines was strictly adopted for baseline and interim studies. %Δ changes in fasting blood sugar,18FDG dose, uptake time, and liver SUV mean were 3.96%, 2.83%, 2.49%, and 12.15%, respectively. Based on Deauville's scoring, cohort was divided into responders having Score 1–3 (49/97) and nonresponders having Score 4–5 (48/97). The demographic analysis found no significant difference between responders and nonresponders for age, gender, BMI, staging, bulky disease or marrow involvement, and study protocol. No significant coefficient or odd ratios were found on multivariate analysis for age, gender, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), size, BMI, NHL, and advance disease (Stage III and IV) in both groups (χ2: 5.12; receiver operating characteristic [95% confidence interval]: 0.616 [0.51–0.713]; P=0.528). Among responders, baseline SUVmaxand tumor size had a direct correlation with a metabolic response on iPET, more pronounced in NHL than HL groups (SUVmax: 13.4 vs. 19.5 and size: 52 vs. 87 mm; P < 0.0001). We conclude that no significant predictor was found for response in propensity-matched patients with lymphomas (both HL and NHL) who had baseline and interim PET/CTs acquired with a standardized protocol. However, NHL responders were found to have higher baseline median SUVmaxand larger lesion size as compared to HL responders. Although, these data are not in concordance with published findings but need to be validated with larger studies using standardized imaging and reporting protocols in propensity-matched patients with lymphomas.
Effects of urbanization on regional meteorology and air quality in Southern California
Authors: Li Yun , Zhang Jiachen , Sailor David J. , Ban-Weiss George A.
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Urbanization has a profound influence on regional meteorology and air quality
in megapolitan Southern California. The influence of urbanization on
meteorology is driven by changes in land surface physical properties and land
surface processes. These changes in meteorology in turn influence air quality
by changing temperature-dependent chemical reactions and emissions,
gas–particle phase partitioning, and ventilation of pollutants. In this study
we characterize the influence of land surface changes via historical
urbanization from before human settlement to the present day on meteorology and
air quality in Southern California using the Weather Research and Forecasting
Model coupled to chemistry and the single-layer urban canopy model
(WRF–UCM–Chem). We assume identical anthropogenic emissions for the
simulations carried out and thus focus on the effect of changes in land
surface physical properties and land surface processes on air quality.
Historical urbanization has led to daytime air temperature decreases of up to
1.4 K and evening temperature increases of up to 1.7 K. Ventilation of air
in the LA basin has decreased up to 36.6 % during daytime and increased
up to 27.0 % during nighttime. These changes in meteorology are mainly
attributable to higher evaporative fluxes and thermal inertia of soil from
irrigation and increased surface roughness and thermal inertia from
buildings. Changes in ventilation drive changes in hourly
NOx concentrations with increases of up to 2.7 ppb during
daytime and decreases of up to 4.7 ppb at night. Hourly O3
concentrations decrease by up to 0.94 ppb in the morning and increase by up
to 5.6 ppb at other times of day. Changes in O3 concentrations are
driven by the competing effects of changes in ventilation and precursor
NOx concentrations. PM2.5 concentrations show slight
increases during the day and decreases of up to 2.5 µg m−3
at night. Process drivers for changes in PM2.5 include modifications
to atmospheric ventilation and temperature, which impact gas–particle phase
partitioning for semi-volatile compounds and chemical reactions.
Understanding process drivers related to how land surface changes effect
regional meteorology and air quality is crucial for decision-making on urban
planning in megapolitan Southern California to achieve regional climate
adaptation and air quality improvements.
Novel specular meteor radar systems using coherent MIMO techniques to study the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
Authors: Chau Jorge Luis , Urco Juan Miguel , Vierinen Juha Pekka , Volz Ryan Andrew , Clahsen Matthias , Pfeffer Nico , Trautner Jörg
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Typical specular meteor radars (SMRs) use one transmitting antenna and at
least a five-antenna interferometric configuration on reception to study the
mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region. The interferometric
configuration allows the measurement of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the
detected meteor echoes, which in turn is needed to derive atmospheric
parameters (e.g., mean winds, momentum fluxes, temperatures, and neutral
densities). Recently, we have shown that coherent MIMO configurations in
atmospheric radars, i.e., multiple input (transmitters) and multiple output
(receivers), with proper diversity in transmission can be used to enhance
interferometric atmospheric and ionospheric observations. In this study we
present novel SMR systems using multiple transmitters in interferometric
configuration, each of them employing orthogonal pseudorandom coded
transmitted sequences. After proper decoding, the angle of departure (AOD) of
the detected meteor echoes with respect to the transmitter site are obtained
at each receiving antenna. We present successful bistatic implementations of
(1) five transmitters and one receiver using coded continuous wave (CW)
(MISO-CW), and (2) five transmitters and five receivers using coded CW
(MIMO-CW). The latter system allows simultaneous independent observations of
the specular meteor trails with respect to the transmitter (AOD) and with
respect to the receiver (AOA). The quality of the obtained results is
evaluated in terms of the resulting mean winds, the number of detections and
the daily diffusion trail vs. altitude behavior. We show that the proposed
configurations are good alternatives to explore the MLT region. When combined
with multi-static approaches, they can increase the number of meteor
detections, thereby improving the quality of atmospheric estimates and
allowing the measurement of new atmospheric parameters (e.g., horizontal
divergence, vorticity), The use of multiple collocated transmitters for
interferometric AOD determination makes building a multi-static radar network
easier logistically, as only one receiver per receiving site antenna is
sufficient.
The role of aerosol layer height in quantifying aerosol absorption from ultraviolet satellite observations
Authors: Sun Jiyunting , Veefkind Pepijn , Nanda Swadhin , van Velthoven Peter , Levelt Pieternel
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that S-5P/TROPOMI aerosol layer height (ALH) observations can be used to improve the single scattering albedo (SSA) retrieval from ultraviolet satellite observations. We take the Thomas Fire in southern California on 12 December 2017 as a case study. In the first part of this paper, we apply conventional radiative transfer simulations to retrieve the SSA. With forward simulations constrained by TROPOMI ALH, we can determine the uncertainty in SSA due to the assumed spectral dependence of refractive indices between two wavelengths of the near-ultraviolet absorbing aerosol index (UVAI). A significant gap in the retrieved SSA (0.24) between radiative transfer simulations with grey and colored aerosols implies that inappropriate spectral dependences may cause severe misinterpretations of aerosol absorption. In the second part of this paper, we propose a data-driven method to quantify aerosol absorption from long-term measurements of UVAI, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ALH using support vector regression (SVR). We present the potential of TROPOMI ALH in this new method. The SVR predicted SSA (0.96 ± 0.01) outperforms that predicted by radiative transfer simulations (0.90 ± 0.05), considering the AERONET SSA measurement is 0.96 and assuming that the aerosol absorption should be homogeneous within the plume (i.e. small SSA standard deviation). We thus believe that the upcoming TROPOMI ALH product can make it feasible to quantify aerosol absorption via data-driven methods, which would play an important role in constructing a long-term global SSA data set.
Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies as indicators of temperature and moisture changes after major stratospheric volcanic eruptions
Authors: Churakova (Sidorova) Olga V. , Fonti Marina V. , Saurer Matthias , Guillet Sébastien , Corona Christophe , Fonti Patrick , Myglan Vladimir S. , Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Naumova Oksana V. , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy V. , Shashkin Alexander V. , Panyushkina Irina P. , Büntgen Ulf , Hughes Malcolm K. , Vaganov Eugene A. , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Stoffel Markus
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have far-reaching impacts on
global climate and society. Tree rings can provide valuable climatic
information on these impacts across different spatial and temporal scales. To
detect temperature and hydroclimatic changes after strong stratospheric
Common Era (CE) volcanic eruptions for the last 1500 years (535 CE unknown,
540 CE unknown, 1257 CE Samalas, 1640 CE Parker, 1815 CE Tambora, and
1991 CE
Pinatubo), we measured and analyzed tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood
density (MXD), cell wall thickness (CWT), and δ13C and
δ18O in tree-ring cellulose chronologies of climate-sensitive
larch trees from three different Siberian regions (northeastern Yakutia –
YAK, eastern Taimyr – TAY, and Russian Altai – ALT). All tree-ring proxies proved to encode a significant and specific climatic
signal of the growing season. Our findings suggest that TRW, MXD, and CWT
show strong negative summer air temperature anomalies in 536, 541–542, and
1258–1259 at all studied regions. Based on δ13C, 536 was
extremely humid at YAK, as was 537–538 in TAY. No extreme hydroclimatic anomalies
occurred in Siberia after the volcanic eruptions in 1640, 1815, and 1991,
except for 1817 at ALT. The signal stored in δ18O indicated
significantly lower summer sunshine duration in 542 and 1258–1259 at YAK and
536 at ALT. Our results show that trees growing at YAK and ALT mainly
responded the first year after the eruptions, whereas at TAY, the growth
response occurred after 2 years. The fact that differences exist in climate responses to volcanic eruptions –
both in space and time – underlines the added value of a multiple tree-ring
proxy assessment. As such, the various indicators used clearly help to
provide a more realistic picture of the impact of volcanic eruption on past
climate dynamics, which is fundamental for an improved understanding of
climate dynamics, but also for the validation of global climate models.
Competition between chaotic advection and diffusion: stirring and mixing in a 3-D eddy model
Authors: Brett Genevieve Jay , Pratt Larry , Rypina Irina , Wang Peng
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The importance of chaotic advection relative to turbulent diffusion is
investigated in an idealized model of a 3-D swirling and overturning ocean
eddy. Various measures of stirring and mixing are examined in order to
determine when and where chaotic advection is relevant. Turbulent diffusion
is alternatively represented by (1) an explicit, observation-based,
scale-dependent diffusivity, (2) stochastic noise, added to a deterministic
velocity field, or (3) explicit and implicit diffusion in a spectral numerical
model of the Navier–Stokes equations. Lagrangian chaos in our model occurs only
within distinct regions of the eddy, including a large chaotic “sea” that
fills much of the volume near the perimeter and central axis of the eddy and
much smaller “resonant” bands. The size and distribution of these regions
depend on factors such as the degree of axial asymmetry of the eddy and the
Ekman number. The relative importance of chaotic advection and turbulent
diffusion within the chaotic regions is quantified using three measures: the
Lagrangian Batchelor scale, the rate of dispersal of closely spaced fluid
parcels, and the Nakamura effective diffusivity. The role of chaotic
advection in the stirring of a passive tracer is generally found to be most
important within the larger chaotic seas, at intermediate times, with
small diffusivities, and for eddies with strong asymmetry. In contrast, in
thin chaotic regions, turbulent diffusion at oceanographically relevant rates
is at least as important as chaotic advection. Future work should address
anisotropic and spatially varying representations of turbulent diffusion for
more realistic models.
Regularization methods for the combination of heterogeneous
observations using spherical radial basis functions
Authors: Liu Qing , Schmidt Michael , Pail Roland , Willberg Martin
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Various types of heterogeneous observations can be combined within a parameter estimation process using spherical radial basis functions (SRBF) for regional gravity field refinement. However, this process is in most cases ill-posed, and thus, regularization is indispensable. We discuss two frequently used methods for choosing the regularization parameter which are the L-curve method and variance component estimation (VCE). Based on these two methods, we propose two new approaches for the regularization parameter determination, which combine the L-curve method and VCE. The first approach, denoted as ‘VCE + L-curve method’, starts with the calculation of the relative weights between the observation techniques by means of VCE. Based on these weights the L-curve method is applied to determine the regularization parameter. In the second approach, called ‘L-curve method + VCE’, the L-curve method determines first the regularization parameter and it is set to be fixed during the calculation of the relative weights between the observation techniques from VCE. These methods are investigated based on two different estimation concepts for combining various observation techniques. All the methods are applied and compared in six study cases using four types of observations in Europe. The results show that the ‘VCE + L-curve method’ delivers the best results in all the six cases, no matter using SRBFs with smoothing or non-smoothing features. The ‘L-curve method + VCE’ also gives rather good results, generally outperforming the cases just using the L-curve method or VCE. Therefore, we conclude that the newly proposed methods are decent and stable for regularization parameter determination when different data sets are combined and can be recommended regardless of the type of SRBFs used.
Nicaragua: Dinámica de empleo y consumo 2006-2018
Authors: Morales Rivas Oliver David , Bravo Pérez Luis Gonzaga
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo  tiene como finalidad, evidenciar empíricamente el impacto del empleo en el consumo individual  en Nicaragua. Para este propósito, se desarrolló un modelo econométrico de regresión múltiple logarítmico. El resultado encontrado  establece que la relación de empleo y el consumo individual tiene una característica  inelástica. En conclusión se constata que   el consumo individual depende de un conjunto de componentes como: factores estacionales, remesas, ahorro y el factor empleo a corto plazo impacta levemente.
Mercado Laboral y Género
Authors: Ayerdis Amaya Wendy Elizabeth
Published: April 2019

Este artículo contiene un análisis sobre los factores que determinan la inserción laboral de las mujeres, las políticas que se han implementado en Nicaragua en relación a la equidad de género, así como el comportamiento del mercado laboral de la mujer en Nicaragua durante el periodo 2012-2017, y su impacto en las condiciones de trabajo de hombres y mujeres. Lograr detallar de esta manera los principales elementos en que puede radicar la diferencia equitativa en relación al salario en las diferentes actividades económicas que tiene Nicaragua. Además de brindar un aporte a la formación de conocimiento sobre la temática.
Dinámicas globales y gestión empresarial
Authors: López Zepeda Leonardo Francisco
Published: April 2019

El propósito del presente artículo, surge de la necesidad de discutir como los efectos de la economía global se hacen patentes en todo el planeta y que una de sus manifestaciones principales está en la readecuación de los procesos productivos y sus expresiones territoriales. Se enfoca en evidenciar los impactos drásticos en los países en desarrollo y como estos han realizados cambios significativos, tanto en sus dinámicas productivas y sus patrones culturales. El método utilizado en su realización es orden documental, con el cual se logra investigar todas las situaciones que están relacionadas con las dinámicas globales y la gestión empresarial. En conclusión, se evidencia que los países en vía de desarrollo se están reconfigurando para insertarse en el contexto de globalización, con claras políticas orientadas a sus dinámicas de cambio y la gestión empresarial.
Economía Ecológica y Economía Ambiental: Teoría y Valoración De Los Recursos Hídricos.
Authors: Canales Zeledón Alfredo Antonio
Published: April 2019

La gestión de los recursos hídricos es uno de los temas de mayor importancia actualmente y encontrar soluciones que conduzcan al aprovechamiento sostenible de los mismos es crucial en la medida que tiene un valor intrínseco en todos sus usos posibles (económico, biológico, ambiental, etc.). Bajo esta premisa, el presente artículo realiza un abordaje teórico sobre dos enfoques considerados tradicionalmente antagónicos en la gestión de bienes y servicios ambientales, la Economía Ecológica (EE) y la Economía Ambiental (EA). La discusión contrasta lo holístico de la EE con el reduccionismo de la EA y reflexiona sobre las virtudes de cada enfoque a partir de la armonización práctica dada en función de lograr el mismo fin, contribuir al desarrollo sostenible de las comunidades y los territorios. El artículo hace un recorrido documental y reflexivo a partir del método de apreciación sobre los principales elementos teóricos y presenta los máximos exponentes metodológicos e instrumentales de cada enfoque para concluir sobre la pertinencia de la aplicabilidad de los mismos bajo un esquema de integración más que de exclusión, resaltando así la conveniencia del diseño de Programas de Pago por Servicios Ambientales (PSA) como instrumento imprescindible en la formulación de propuestas de Políticas Ambientales.
Opinion Spam Detection based on Annotation Extension and Neural Networks
Authors: Liu Yuanchao , Pang Bo
Published: April 2019

Online reviews play an increasingly important role in the purchase decisions of potential customers. Incidentally, driven by the desire to gain profit or publicity, spammers may be hired to write fake reviews and promote or demote the reputation of products or services. Correspondingly, opinion spam detection has attracted attention from both business and research communities in recent years. However, unlike other tasks such as news classification or blog classification, the existing review spam datasets are typically limited due to the expensiveness of human annotation, which may further affect detection performance even if excellent classifiers have been developed. We propose a novel approach in this paper to boost opinion spam detection performance by fully utilizing the existing labelled small-size dataset. We first design an annotation extension scheme that uses extra tree classifiers to train multiple estimators and then iteratively generate reliable labelled samples from unlabeled ones. Subsequently, we examine neural network scenarios on a newly extended dataset to learn the distributed representation. Experimental results suggest that the proposed approach has better generalization capability and improved performance than state-of-the-art methods.
Shackled Orange: Biofortified Varieties in the Sweetpotato Commodity Chain in Mozambique
Authors: Brouwer Roland , Tedesco Ilaria
Published: April 2019

Biofortified, orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) varieties are being promoted as a part of a strategy to reduce Vitamin A Deficiency among rural and urban populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. This paper uses the commodity chain approach to understand whether markets may stimulate or not the production of the new orange sweetpotato varieties on Mozambique’s main consumer market, Maputo, its capital and largest city. It shows that the chain linking rural producers to the city’s consumers is operated by private actors; the government provides basic infrastructures and price information. International donors are involved through the dissemination of planting material and nutrition information in support the marketing of OFSP. The commodity chains of white and orange-fleshed varieties are entwined with no clear price differences. The annual marketed volume is estimated at 8,000 tonnes, mostly produced by smallholders and sold to consumers by sidewalk and open-air market retailers. This market segment is dominated by women. A small group of specialized - male and female - commercial OFSP producers supplies about 0.5% to 1% of this market selling directly to a specific group of clients who either buy at farm gate or through home delivery. The conclusion is that the existing commodity chain fails to stimulate the production of OFSP and the expansion of its benefits to wider sections of the population suggesting that the emphasis should be on having biofortified varieties that can compete successfully with the conventional ones at the farm-level.
Verbal communication disorders in psychogenic dysphonia
Authors: Kosztyła-Hojna Bożena , Moskal-Jasińska Diana , Kraszewska Anna , Łobaczuk-Sitnik Anna , Zdrojkowski Maciej , Duchnowska Emilia , Biszewska Jolanta
Published: April 2019

Psychogenic dysphonia is defined as disturbances in voice and speech quality with emotional background with lack of organic changes in the larynx. Mental condition has significant impact on the process of producing voice, functioning of respiratory-phonatory-articulation mechanism and speech prosody.
The aim of the study was visual, acoustic, perceptual assessment as well as self-assessment of voice and speech quality using subjective and objective methods in patients with psychogenic dysphonia.
The study included 50 patients with psychogenic dysphonia diagnosed in the Department of Clinical Fonoaudiology and Logopedics, Medical University of Białystok and treated at the Foniatric Outpatient Clinic, University Hospital in Białystok in 2017 - 2018. The control group consisted of 30 subjects with euphonic voice. All patients underwent subjective and objective assessment of voice and speech quality. The GRBAS scale, breathing pathway assessment, respiratory-phonatory-articulation analysis, voice and speech intensity evaluation have been performed. Speech prosody has also been examined. Patient self-assessment of voice has been conducted using Voice Handicap Index (VHI).
Objective evaluation of larynx included vibrations of vocal folds visualization using High Speed Digital Imaging (HSDI). Acoustic analysis of voice quality has been performed using DiagNova Technologies. The maximum phonation time (MPT) has been determined.
Hyperfunctional dysphonia is the most common clinical form of psychogenic dysphonia. Abnormal breathing pathway influence the reduction of MPT and disturbance of respiratory-phonatory-articulation coordination in patients with psychogenic dysphonia. In psychogenic dysphonia intonation and speech rate disorders are observed. Results of voice self-assessment in the majority of examined patients indicates a mild voice disability.
Ageing of professional opera singer’s voice- preliminary findings
Authors: Sobolewska Aleksandra , Claros Pedro , Pujol Carmen , Claros-Pujol Astrid , Claros Andres
Published: April 2019

Objectives. The main goals of this study were to assess the most significant morphological changes and acoustic measures for the ageing process of a professional opera singer’s voice.
Design. This investigation included 58 healthy professional opera singers, who were compared with 42 young opera singers from a control group.
Methods. All participants underwent a voice assessment protocol: an ENT specialist examination and a speech therapist evaluation. Acoustic parameters and subjective observations were obtained, and then analysed.
Results. The fundamental frequency (F0) level was distinctly decreased in the case of older female singers, but F0 in older male singers had stable levels in comparison to that in younger singers. Older singers were found not to have substantially different values of jitter than younger ones. Maximal phonation time (MPT) was longer in the older women group when compared to younger singers, but not relatively different in the men group. Shimmer value presented no age related change. Morphological changes seem to correlate with the age of subjects.
Conclusions. The main characteristic of voice change over age was a decreased F0 level among older female professional singers and rather stable F0 levels in male singers. This study gives preliminary results on ageing voice in the population of professional opera singers.
Acoustic and function analysis of the voice in patients with functional and organic dysphonia by using the DiagnoScope “Specjalista” computer program
Authors: Owczarek Kalina , Niewiadomski Piotr , Olszewski Jurek
Published: April 2019

Introduction: The aim of the dissertation was to evaluate the parameters of acoustic and function analysis of the voice in patients with functional and organic dysphonia by using the DiagnoScope “Specjalista” computer program.
Material and methods: The study was performed in 131 people aged 21-82 years (the mean age was 48,34 years), including 75 women, at the age of 21-75 years and 56 men at the age of 22-82 years, all treated in the Clinic of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics of the Military Medical Academy Memorial University Hospital – Central Veterans' Hospital. The study participants were divided into 3 groups: I – 45 patients aged 22-82 years with functional dysphonia (hyperfunctional type dysphonia), II – 45 patients aged 28-80 years with chronic hypertrophic laryngitis (polyp of the vocal fold, hypertrophy of the vocal fold, Reinke-type edema-hypertrophic changes in the vocal folds), III – 41 individuals, including students of the Faculty of Military Medicine of the Medical University of Łódź, at the age of 21-70 years, without disease symptoms within the vocal organ.
The following examinations were performed: a laryngological subject and object examination, a videolaryngoscopic and stroboscopic examination of the larynx (including the GRBAS scale), and a videolaryngostroboscopic-phoniatric examination, encompassing the following parameters: regularity of vibrations of the vocal folds, amplitude of vibrations, marginal shift, glottis closure, voice range, the way of creating the voice, voice reposition, time of phonation) and an acoustic and voice performance diagnostic analysis by the means of the DiagnoScope “Specjalista” program.
Results: The results obtained suggest that the differentiation of pathological voices from normal voices is statistically significant for parameters such as: Jitter, RAP, PPQ, AFO, SimpleQ, Shimmer, APQ, Q, APQ, HPQh, RHPQ, RHPQh, R2H, U2H, U2Hl, U2Hh, NHR, Yg. In the function analysis, statistically significant differences were found in all parameters.
Conclusions: The videolaryngostroboscopic examination, voice rating scales, and the objective analysis of the voice provide an appropriate set of tests that determine the nature of voice disorders. The acoustic and function analysis of the voice enables an early diagnosis of dysphonia, both functional and organic. The acoustic and function analysis is an objective method of assessment of the voice disorders which renders it possible to use it in judicature.
Wpływ barier i ograniczonych zasobów środowiska lokalnego na styl życia seniorów w małych miejscowościach oraz na ich marginalizację i wykluczenie społeczne – studium przypadku
Authors: Ozga Emilia
Published: April 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest analiza sytuacji osób starszych funkcjonujących w ich środowisku lokalnym, na przykładzie miejscowości Żabia Wola. Prezentację wyników badań własnych poprzedza przegląd istotnych teorii dotyczących starości, w tym charakterystyki stylów funkcjonowania seniorów oraz przedstawienie najważniejszych badań dotyczących ich sytuacji. W części empirycznej przeprowadzono diagnozę społeczności lokalnej miejscowości Żabia Wola. Badania miały na celu poznanie przyjaznych miejsc i ofert skierowanych do seniorów, poznanie barier w dostępie do nich, poszukiwanie zasobów oraz rozpoznanie postaw i stylów funkcjonowania w starości, prezentowanych przez seniorów w badanym środowisku. Na potrzeby badań zastosowano triangulację, czyli połączenie metod badawczych: analizę danych zastanych, obserwację uczestniczącą, wywiady i ankiety. Postawione hipotezy badawcze sprawdziły się tylko częściowo: nie potwierdziła się hipoteza, że seniorzy są osobami biernymi oraz że przeważa wśród nich postawa zależności od rodziny i najbliższego otoczenia. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż osoby starsze rzadko są uwzględniane w ofertach i usługach skierowanych do wszystkich mieszkańców. Badani seniorzy mają jednak duży potencjał, który mogliby spożytkować, biorąc udział w specjalnie przygotowanych dla nich wydarzeniach i korzystając z dedykowanych im ofert, które obecnie nie zawsze zaspokajają ich oczekiwania i potrzeby. Wnioskiem płynącym z badań, który stanowi również rekomendację dla lokalnych władz, jest potrzeba integracji międzypokoleniowej w celu uwrażliwienia całej społeczności lokalnej na potrzeby osób starszych.
The anxious, the furious, and the annoyed: Hidden shame in the academic library
Authors: McAfee Erin
Published: April 2019

In March 2018, my manuscript on library shame was published in College & Research Libraries. The paper’s focus is library anxiety, but more accurately it is about the shared experience of normal shame for both the librarian and the user. When shame is misidentified as maladaptive behavior by both the librarian and user, it results in alienation or conflict. When shame is identified by the librarian as normal, it strengthens the relationship with the user.
ACRL Board of Directors’ actions, January 2019: Highlights of the Board’s Midwinter meetings
Authors: Of College & Research Libraries Association
Published: April 2019

During the 2019 ALA Midwinter Meeting in Seattle, the ACRL Board of Directors met on January 26 and January 28. The Board met with the leaders of its four goal-area committees—New Roles and Changing Landscapes, Research and Scholarly Environment, Student Learning and Information Literacy, and Value of Academic Libraries—to assess progress on the Plan for Excellence.
Internet Reviews
Authors: Roberts Joni R. , Drost Carol A.
Published: April 2019

Ancient History EncyclopediaInequalityUN Environment World Conservation Monitoring Centre
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: April 2019

Martha LawlerBethany NowviskieLeland M. Park
Situación de endeudamiento de las organizaciones de gestión de instalaciones deportivas de ocio no competitivo. Un estudio empírico
Authors: Grimaldi-Puyana M. , Gálvez-Ruiz P. , Sánchez-Oliver A. J. , Alcaraz-Rodríguez V.
Published: April 2019

La gestión de la deuda en las organizaciones deportivas es una variable determinante para la supervivencia de éstas, la falta de control puede afectar al buen funcionamiento de una entidad. Según los datos existentes, las organizaciones que gestionan campos de golf gozan de una buena situación económica. Por ello, el propósito del presente estudio fue conocer el estado y evolución de la deuda de las empresas deportivas que participan en el deporte del golf no competitivo. Para ello, se seleccionó una muestra de 93 organizaciones de todo el territorio Español, con una antigüedad media de 20,08 años. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó la información económica del Sistema de Análisis de Balances Ibéricos de la pasada década. Los hallazgos obtenidos en el presente estudio nos llevan a conocer que la deuda media de las organizaciones ha aumentado en el 70,5% de los casos después de una década. A pesar de la buena salud económica y al aumento de sus ingresos por explotación y total de activos en el período de estudio, podemos afirmar que la deuda de estas organizaciones ha aumentado exponencialmente entre el 2005-2015.

The management of the debt in sports organizations are determinant variables for the survival of these, the lack of control can affect the proper functioning of an entity. According to the existing data, the organizations that manage golf courses enjoy a good economic situation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know the status and evolution of the debt of sports companies that participate in the sport of non-competitive golf. For this, a sample of 93 organizations throughout the Spanish territory was selected with an average age of 20,08 years. In order to obtain the data, the economic information of the Iberian Balance Sheet Analysis System of the past decade was used. From the findings obtained in the present study, an increase in the average debt of the organizations of 70,5% follows after a decade. In spite of the good economic health and the increase of its income by exploitation and total of assets in the period of study, we can affirm that the debt of these organizations has increased exponentially between 2005-2015.
Análisis del estrés y las exigencias cinemáticas y fisiológicas de los bomberos durante la jornada laboral
Authors: Romero-Sánchez J. , Gómez-Carmona C. , Bastida-Castillo A. , Pino-Ortega J.
Published: April 2019

El trabajo de los bomberos es considerado como una de las profesiones con mayor exigencia física y predisposición a padecer estrés, debido a las exigentes condiciones de trabajo y la responsabilidad sobre vidas humanas. Los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron: (i) describir las exigencias cinemáticas, fisiológicas y de estrés en bomberos, y (ii) comparar estas exigencias en función de los años de experiencia. Ocho bomberos del parque del Ayuntamiento de Cartagena participaron voluntariamente, siendo divididos en dos grupos en función de la experiencia: (1) experimentados: >12 años (n=4); (2) noveles: <7 años (n=4). Se registraron las variables aceleración total (AcelT), frecuencia cardíaca media (FCmedia) y ratio simpático-parasimpático (R-S|Ps). Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre actividades, encontrando los mayores valores en deporte y salidas. En el análisis inter-grupos, se encontraron diferencias en las variables AcelT y FCmedia en deporte, siendo mayor en los bomberos experimentados (p<.05); y en la variable R-S|Ps en Práctica y Salida con urgencia (p<.05), siendo mayor en los noveles. En conclusión, los bomberos con menos experiencia sufren un mayor estrés durante la jornada laboral. Por tanto, es necesario la incorporación de personal cualificado para diseñar una planificación específica del entrenamiento y de las estrategias de afrontamiento ante la resolución de conflictos adaptadas a la situación real.

The work of firefighters is considered one of the professions with greater physical demands and predisposition to suffer stress, due to the hazardous working conditions and the responsibility with human lives. The aims of the present study were to: (i) describe the kinematical, physiological and stress demands of firefighters, and (ii) compare these demands in relation to the experience years. Eight firefighters from the fire department of Cartagena participated voluntarily, dividing them into two groups: (1) experienced: >12 years (n=4); (2) novels: <7 years (n=4). The registered variables were total acceleration (AcelT), heart rate average (HRavg) and sympathetic-parasympathetic ratio (R-S|Ps). The results shown differences between activities, finding the highest values in sport and exits. In the between-groups comparison, differences in AcelT and HRavg in sport (p<.05), being higher in experienced group; and differences in R-S|Ps in practice and exits with urgency (p<.05), being higher in novels group. In conclusion, the firefighters with less experience suffer greater stress during workday. Therefore, it is necessary the incorporation of qualified staff to design specific training and coping strategies before the resolution of conflicts adapted to the real situation.