bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical Outcomes in the Pheochromocytoma Surgery. Results From the PHEO-RISK STUDY.
Authors: Araujo-Castro Marta , Centero Rogelio García , López-García María-Carmen , Escolá Cristina Álvarez , Gutiérrez María Calatayud , Carrera Concepción Blanco , Novoa Paz De Miguel , Gallego Nuria Valdés , Hanzu Felicia Alexandra , Gimeno Paola Gracia , Fernández-Ladreda Mariana Tomé , Hualpa  , Porta Mireia Mora , Álvaro Javier Lorca , Pian Héctor , Ruz-Caracuel Ignacio , Dehesa Alfonso Sanjuanbenito , Santos Victoria Gómez Dos , Romero Ana Serrano , Oliveira Cristina Lamas
Published: July 2021

Purpose: To identify presurgical and surgical risk factors for postsurgical complications in the pheochromocytoma surgery.Methods: A retrospective study of pheochromocytomas submitted to surgery in ten Spanish hospitals between 2011 and 2021. Postoperative complications were classified according to Clavien-Dindo scale.Results: One hundred and sixty-two surgeries (159 patients) were included. Preoperative antihypertensive blockade was performed in 95.1% of the patients, being doxazosin in monotherapy (43.8%) the most frequent regimen. Patients pre-treated with doxazosin required intraoperative hypotensive treatment more frequently (49.4% vs 25.0%, P=0.003) than patients treated with phenoxybenzamine, but no differences in the rate of intraoperative and postsurgical complications were observed. However, patients treated with phenoxybenzamine had a longer hospital stay (12.2±11.16 vs 6.2±6.82, P<0.001) than those treated with doxazosin. Hypertension resolution was observed in 78.7% and biochemical cure in 96.6% of the patients. Thirty-one patients (19.1%) had postsurgical complications. Prolonged hypotension was the most common, in 9.9% (n=16), followed by hypoglycaemia in 6 patients and acute renal failure in 4 patients. 13.0% of complications had a score ≥3 in the Clavien-Dindo scale. Postsurgical complications were more common in in patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, higher plasma glucose levels, higher urinary free metanephrine and norepinephrine, and with pheochromocytomas larger than 5 cm.Conclusion: Preoperative medical treatment and postsurgical monitoring of pheochromocytoma should be especially careful in patients with diabetes, cerebrovascular disease, higher levels of plasma glucose and urine free metanephrine and norepinephrine, and with pheochromocytomas >5 cm, due to the higher risk of postsurgical complications.
Identification of Metabolic Pathway Dysregulation in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Propensity Score-Matched Metabolomic Study
Authors: Guo Chengnan , Jiang Depeng , Xu Yixi , Peng Fang , Zhao Shuzhen , Li Huihui , Jin Dongzhen , Xu Xin , Xia Zhezheng , Che Mingzhu , Lai Mengyuan , Huang Ruogu , Zheng Chao , Mao Guangyun
Published: July 2021

Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major diabetes-related disease linked to metabolism. However, scientifically assessment of serum metabolic alterations in DR is scarce. We aimed to investigate the changes in metabolic coregulation from type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM) to DR and identify corresponding metabolite predictors via a widely targeted metabolomics approach.Methods In this case-control study, we tested 613 serum metabolites in 69 pairs of T2DM with DR (case) and propensity score-matched T2DM without DR (control) utilizing the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry system. The discrimination capability of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in DR identification was also evaluated using a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression-based linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Metabolic pathway dysregulation in DR were comprehensively investigated by metabolic pathway analysis, chemical similarity enrichment analysis and MetaMapp approaches.Results A total of 89 DEMs were identified after paired univariate analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The linear-SVM model based on LASSO regression selected DEMs had an excellent discrimination with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) as 0.99 (95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.00). The biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), thiamine metabolism, amino acids (mainly glycine, serine and threonine metabolism), hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), disaccharides, indoles and nucleotides were significantly enriched in DR. Conclusions This study systematically demonstrates that distinct metabolic alterations are linked to DR initiation. n-3 PUFAs, trehalose and vitamin B1 play an important role in inhibiting DR progression.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: A Real-World Comparison of Therapy Access and Outcomes by Hospital Setting
Authors: Patel Akshat Maneesh , Ali Omer , Kainthla Radhika , Rizvi Syed M. , Awan Farrukh T. , Patel Toral , Pan Edward , Maher Elizabeth , Desai Neil B. , Timmerman Robert , Kumar Kiran A. , Geethakumari Praveen Ramakrishnan
Published: July 2021

Purpose: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive disease with many tools for management that may be subject to resource barriers. This study compares the treatment patterns and survival outcomes among PCNSL patients treated at a safety-net hospital versus a tertiary academic institution.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed records of PCNSL patients from 2007-2020 (n = 95) at a public safety-net hospital (n = 33) and a private academic center (n = 62) staffed by the same university. Demographics, treatment patterns, and outcomes were analyzed.Results:Compared to the tertiary academic center, patients at the safety-net hospital were significantly younger, more commonly Black or Hispanic, and had a higher proportion of presenting patients with HIV. The safety-net hospital cohort was significantly less likely to receive induction chemotherapy (67% vs 86%, p = 0.003) than those at the academic center. Safety-net hospital patients were significantly less likely to receive autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) consolidation (0% vs. 44%, p = 0.001) and had higher rates of consolidative WBRT (35% vs 15%, p = 0.001). Younger age and receiving consolidation were associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.001) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.001). Hospital location had no statistical effect on PFS (p = 0.725) or OS (p = 0.226) on age-adjusted analysis. Conclusions:Our study showed significant treatment differences between a public safety-net hospital and an academic cancer center reflecting access disparities. Despite variable treatment patterns, survival outcomes were not different. Further research is needed to determine optimal treatments for an orphan disease like PCNSL and it will be essential to advocate for equitable access in resource-limited settings.
Levels, Distribution And Risk Assessment of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) In Fish In Xiamen, China
Authors: Qian Zhuozhen , Tang Shuifen , Liu Zhiyu , Luo Fangfang , Wei Shaohong
Published: July 2021

In this study, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) was detected in 114 fish samples collected from 6 administrative regions of Xiamen city, China. HBCD amounts ranged between ND (not detected) and 2.216 ng g−1 ww (mean, 0.127±0.318 ng g−1 ww). Besides, α-HBCD was the main diastereoisomer in these fish specimens, followed by β-HBCD. Meanwhile, γ-HBCD was not detected in any of the samples. Significant differences were recorded among fish species. The results indicated that the levels and detection rates of HBCD were higher in Trachinotus ovatus compared with other aquatic organisms. Therefore, Trachinotus ovatus could be used as a marine biological indicator of HBCD. Within the regions investigated, Siming was significantly different from Jimei, Haicang and Xiang'an. The spatial distribution of HBCD concentrations indicated higher mean levels in samples collected from Haicang, Jimei and Xiang'an, respectively, with the highest detection rates in Jimei and Xiang'an, which might be related to geographical location and intense industrial and urban activities. Estimation of daily HBCD intake was performed according to fish consumption in Xiamen residents. The medium bound HBCD amounts in fish were approximately 0.073 and 0.088 ng kg bw-1d-1 for male and female residents of Xiamen, respectively. Exposure doses of HBCD indicated no health concern for Xiamen residents.
Morpho-Histological and Cytological Study on Meristematic Nodule Induction and Shoot Organogenesis in Paeonia Ostii ‘Feng Dan’
Authors: Xu Li , Yun* Cheng Fang , Zhong Yuan
Published: July 2021

This is the first report concerning the sequence of morpho-histological and cytological events occurring during organogenesis from cotyledon-derived meristematic nodules (MNs) in Paeonia ostii ‘Feng Dan’. Sections were made and studies were carried out with dissecting microscope, light microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. Histological studies revealed a complex developmental process of morphogenesis that including five stages: (1) callus originated from cell division in both cambial and cortical regions, and type I - yellow compact callus with densely arranged clumps were identified as embryogenic callus. (2) pre-nodular structure consisted of organization center (a central area of vascularization surrounded by meristematic cell layers) and an epidermis-like layer; (3) independent MNs comprised of organization center, a cortical-like area of parenchymatous cells and an epidermal-like area; (4) nodular clusters displayed vigorously internal meristematic cell division and generated a relative movement towards the nodules periphery, establishing vascular connection with primordia; (5) successive new elongated shoots with complete vascular system and axillary bud primordia were developed. SEM observations showed three types of extracellular matrix (ECM), a smooth membranous layer, fibrillar structures and granular mucilage-like secretions on embryogenic callus, and recorded its dynamic morphological changes. Ultrastructural analysis revealed striking changes of chloroplast morphology and starch content during MNs morphogenesis. This study allows a better understanding of in vitro regeneration via MN culture and provides references for protocol optimization and genetic transformation.
Flexural Behaviour and Evaluation of Ultra-high-performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete Beams Cured at Room Temperature
Authors: Huang Jinlin , He Zhiying , Khan Muhammad , Zheng Xiaohong , Luo Zhibin
Published: July 2021

In the present study, specimens with four different dimensions and concrete beams with six different reinforcement ratios were prepared to investigate the properties and flexural behaviour of ultra-high-performance fibre reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) cured at 20 ºC. The standard cubic compressive strength of UHPFRC specimens cannot be achieved at curing temperature of 20 ºC. For UHPFRC beams, the bearing capacity under flexure was enhanced with the increase of reinforcement ratio. The failure modes of UHPFRC beams changed from ductile to brittle as the reinforcement ratio increased from 1.26–9.50%. Moreover, the ductility of UHPFRC beams decreased with the increase of reinforcement ratio from 1.26–9.50%. The flexural behaviour of UHPFRC beams cured at room temperature was in accordance with the UHPFRC beams cured at high temperature in previous studies. In addition, the calculation model of CECS38-2004 underestimated the bending moment capacity of the under-reinforced UHPFRC beams (with reinforcement ratio from 0–7.85%) and overestimated the bending moment capacity of the UHPFRC beams with high reinforcement ration of 9.50%.
TRIP6 deficiency inhibits inflammatory damage in a murine model of DSS-induced colitis
Authors: Yang Yun , Li Xiu-Ming , Li Yan , Wang Jing-Ru , Ye Wen-Long , Yang Xue-Mei , Wang Yi , Liu Yu-Xuan , Gan Wen-Juan , Wu Hua
Published: July 2021

BackgroundTRIP6 is a zyxin family member that serves as an adaptor protein to regulate diverse biological processes. In prior reports, TRIP6 was shown to play a role in regulating inflammation by inducing the activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade, though its specific role in vivo in inflammatory contexts remains to be clarified. Herein, we therefore employed TRIP6-deficient (TRIP6 −/− ) mice in order to explore the mechanistic importance of TRIP6 in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced model of murine colitis. Findings Wild-type (TRIP6 +/+ ) mice developed more severe colitis following DSS-mediated disease induction relative to TRIP6 −/− mice, as evidenced by more severe colonic inflammation and associated crypt damage. From a mechanistic perspective, TRIP6 expression in wild-type mice was significantly elevated in the period of DSS treatment; TRIP6 deficiency was associated with the inhibition of IκBα degradation, thus suppressing NF-κB signaling activity and impairing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-6. Conclusions Together, these in vivo data demonstrate that TRIP6 serves as a positive regulator of DSS-induced colitis by regulating inflammatory NF-κB signaling, highlighting its therapeutic promise as a protein that theoretically can be targeted to prevent or treat colitis.
Low-Glycemic-Index Sugar in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Steciuk Damien , Amir Samia Mahmood Hafez , Hosenally Muzzammil , Goorapah Aroushini
Published: July 2021

Background and Objectives: There is a need to re assess the value of low-GI food and its specific components. The effect of one of them, namely low-glycemic-index sugar, is unclear, as its impact is usually confounded when reported in the literature. This study attempts to breach this gap, shedding light on its effect in type 2 diabetic patients and evaluate if it could be considered as part of a dietary plan.Subjects and Methods: The blood sugar level of twenty (20) type 2 diabetics was monitored using a Continuous Glucose Monitoring system during two phases; firstly, an initial period of 5 days, whereby all the included patients were taking their usual dietary meals. Subjects were then randomized into two groups of equal size before embarking on a second phase; 10 subjects were instructed to eat prepared, portioned and delivered meals, the difference for the second group being that low-GI sugar was used for the preparation. Results: Compared to baseline (day 1), blood sugar dropped by 18% for the group with low-GI sugar and 13% for those who consumed sugar with a normal-GI. The variation in sugar levels was also more contained in the interventional group. A by-product of the study design shows that constant glucose monitoring could raise awareness, and may foster reduction in blood sugar levels. Portioned food was capable of reducing blood sugar levels, with elevated levels of compliance just after start. Conclusions: Even though the ultimate aim is to reduce sugar consumption by diabetic patients, the intake of a low-GI sugar seems to be less harmful than normal sugar. Compared to using normal sugar for the preparation of portioned foods, the use of a low-GI sugar is encouraged as part of a wider plan for the management of diabetic patients.
Biomechanical Analysis of Cortical Bone Trajectory Screw Versus Bone Cement Screw for Fixation in Porcine Spinal Low Bone Mass Model
Authors: Li Yifan , Xu Wei , Wang Silian , Chen Liwei , Shi Zhangpeng , Ye Xiaojian , li zhikun
Published: July 2021

PurposeTo compare the biomechanics of cortical bone trajectory screw(CBT) and bone cement screw(BC) in isolated porcine spinal low bone mass model.MethodTen porcine spines with 3 segments were treated with EDTA decalcification. After 8 weeks, all the models met the criteria of low bone mass.Ten specimens were randomly divided into two groups, one group was implanted with CBT screw(CBT group) and the other group was implanted with bone cement screw(BC group).The biomechanical material testing machine was used to compare the porcine spine activities of the two groups in flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation, and then insertional torque,pull-out force and anti-compression force of two groups were compared.Independent-sample t test was used for comparison between groups.ResultTen 3 segments porcine spine models with low bone mass were established, the bone mineral density of all models was lower than 0.75g/cm2. The flexion, extension, bending and axial rotation angle of CBT group and BC group respectively were 7.1±1.3°,4.3±0.8°,3.4±0.8°,6.8±0.7°and 6.4±0.8°,4.5±0.5°,3.5±0.5°,6.8±0.8°,there was no significant difference between the two groups,P＞0.05.However, there were significant differences between the two groups and the control group,P＜0.01.The insertional torque of the CBT group and BC group respectively were 0.43±0.09N-m and 0.30±0.07N-m (P=0.03), and the screw pull-out force were 462.67±72.51N and 325.60±77.27N (P=0.021), respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups.The anti-compression forces between the two groups were 3561.81±522.7N and 3586.80±607.42N, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P =0.946).ConclusionThe insertional torque and pull-out force of the CBT were higher than those of the BC in the isolated low bone porcine spine model, and the range of motion and anti-compression ability of model were similar between the two fixation methods.
Identification of Different Proteins Binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Cell Model by Proteomic Analysis
Authors: Wen Xu-Peng , Zhang Yue-Zhong , Huang He , Liu Tao-Hua , Wan Qi-Quan
Published: July 2021

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by refractory hypoxemia caused by accumulation of pulmonary fluid, which is related to inflammatory cell infiltration, impaired tight junction of pulmonary epithelium and impaired Na, K-ATPase function, especially Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit. Up until now, the pathogenic mechanism at the level of protein during lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ARDS remains unclear. Using an unbiased, discovery and quantitative proteomic approach, the discovery of differentially expressed proteins binding to Na, K-ATPase α1 between LPS-induced A549 cell and control-A549 group is of particular interest for the current study. These proteins may help the clinical diagnosis and facilitate the personalized treatment of ARDS. We screened these Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins, carried out the related Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, and found evident phenomena of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, as well as the pathways related to autophagy. We also chose some of the differentiated expressing proteins with significant performance for further verification by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Among proteins with rich abundance, there were several intriguing ones, including the deubiquitinase (OTUB1), the tight junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), the scaffold protein in CUL4B-RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL4B) complexes (CUL4B) and the autophagy-related protein sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1). Protein-protein interaction network showed that there were 244 significantly enriched co-expression among 60 proteins in the group control-A549. while the group LPS-A549 showed 43 significant enriched interactions among 29 proteins. In conclusion, our quantitative discovery-based proteomic approach identified commonalities, and revealed targets related to the occurrence and development of ARDS, being the first study to investigate significant differences in Na, K-ATPase α1 interacting proteins between LPS-induced ARDS cell model and control-A549 cell.
Predictors of Postnatal Depression in the Slums Nairobi, Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kariuki Esther Wanjiku , Kuria Mary Wangari , Were Fredrick Namenya , Ndetei David Musyimi
Published: July 2021

BackgroundPostnatal depression (PND) is a universal mental health problem that prevents mothers' optimal existence and mothering. Although research has shown high PND prevalence rates in Africa, including Kenya, little research has been conducted to determine the contributing factors, especially in low-resource communities.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the PND risk factors among mothers attending Maternal and Child Health Clinics (MCH) in the slums, Nairobi.MethodsThis study is cross-sectional, which is a part of a larger study. A sample of 567 mothers of 6-10 weeks postnatal from two Maternal and Child Health (MCH) formed the study population. The Depression rate was measured using the original 1961 Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI). In addition, a sociodemographic questionnaire (SDQ) was used to collect hypothesized risk variables. Results The PND prevalence rate was 27.1%. Women with: unplanned pregnancy (AOR=1.87, 95% CI 1.02, 3.43), unemployed (AOR=4.43, 95% CI 1.01, 19.76), dissatisfied with body image (AOR=2.51, 95% CI 1.21, 5.19) and feeling fatigued (AOR=2.02, 95% CI 1.06, 3.85) had higher odds of developing PND. ConclusionThis study builds upon scarce previous studies on PND from low-income countries. Identifying specific PND risk factors may help in devising targeted prophylactic and therapeutic strategies.
Identifying Genetic Variation Associated With Environmental Variation and Drought-tolerance Phenotypes in Ponderosa Pine
Authors: Shu Mengjun , Moran Emily V.
Published: July 2021

Background

Genotype-to-environment (G2E) association analysis coupled with genotype-to-phenotype (G2P) association analysis promises exciting advances towards discovering genes responsible for local adaptation. We combine G2E and G2P analysis with gene annotation in Pinus ponderosa (ponderosa pine), an ecologically and economically important conifer that lacks a sequenced genome, to identify genetic variants and gene functions that may be associated with local adaptation to drought.
Results

We identified SNP markers in 223 genotypes from across the Sierra Nevada by aligning GBS sequence fragments to the reference genome of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine). Focusing on SNPs in or near coding regions, we found 1458 associated with 5 largely-uncorrelated climate variables, with the largest number (1151) associated with April 1st snow pack. We also planted seeds from a subset of these trees in the greenhouse, subjected half of the seedlings to a drought treatment, and measured phenotypes thought to be associated with drought tolerance, including root length and stomatal density. 817 SNPs were associated with the control-condition values of six traits, while 1154 were associated with responsiveness of these traits to drought.
Conclusions

While no individual SNPs were associated with both the environmental variables and the measured traits, several categories of genes were associated with both, particularly those involved in cell wall formation, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and ubiquitination. However, functions of many of the associated genes have not yet been determined due to the lack of gene annotation information for trees and future studies are needed.
Predicting the Total PAHs Concentrations in Sediments from Selected Congeners Using a Multiple Linear Relationship
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Xu Huaping , Qu Xiaolei , Lin Daohui , Yang Kun
Published: July 2021

In this study, four congeners, i.e., naphthalene (Nap), acenaphthylene (Acy), phenanthrene (Phe) and benz(a)anthracene (BaA), screened out by hierarchical clustering analysis from 16 PAHs, are the characteristic PAHs congeners in emission sources and in sediments. Novel multiple linear relationships, i.e., the total PAHs emission factors and the total PAHs concentration with the emission factors of Nap, Acy, Phe and BaA and their sediment concentrations data reported in the past 30 years were established, respectively. The same characteristic congeners observed for PAHs in sediments and in emission sources indicates that the concentration of PAHs in sediments are largely dependant on the PAHs emission. Moreover, the ratio of multicomponents coefficient from the multiple linear relationship in sediments to that in emission sources correlated positively with the logKow values and biodegradation half-lifes of four characteristic congeners, indicating PAHs concentrations in sediments are also alternated by their environmental behaviors including sorption and biodegradation. However, the established relationship gives a useful way to predicted C∑PAHs in sediments without the PAHs emissions data and can eliminate the effects of environmental behaviors and the difference of emissions in various regions.
Microwave-assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis to Produce Xylooligosaccharides from Rice Husk Alkali- soluble Arabinoxylan
Authors: Klangpetch Wannaporn , Pattarapisitporn Alisa , Phongthai Suphat , Jaichakan Pannapapol
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to produce xylooligosaccharide (XOS) and arabino-xylooligosaccharide (AXOS) from rice husk (RH) using microwave treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis and evaluate their prebiotic properties. The RH was pretreated by a microwave heating process at 140, 160 and 180°C for 5, 10, and 15 min to obtain crude arabinoxylan (AX). The results emphasized that increasing microwave pretreatment time increased sugar content. The crude AX was then extracted with 2% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at 25°C for 24 h. The obtained AX was then used as a substrate for XOS production by commercial xylanases. The results showed that the oligosaccharide produced by Pentopan Mono BG and Ultraflo Max provided xylobiose and xylotriose as the main products. Interestingly, AXOS was also present in the oligosaccharide product. Furthermore, the oligosaccharides obtained were able to promote the growth of Lactobacillus spp. and to resist degradation more than 70% after exposure to simulated human digestion.
A Phenomenological Study on Students’ Experiences in Learning Physics in an Online Class
Authors: Mercado Justine C.
Published: July 2021

Online learning keeps on growing and being explored in this time of the pandemic. Most of the tertiary institutions here in the Philippines have shifted from face-to-face to online instructions in all courses, especially in physics subjects. The conduct of physics classes through virtual classroom has its advantages and presents some challenges that why it is important to understand the perspective and experiences of students. This study aims to describe the experiences of students in learning physics in a virtual classroom, specifically their experiences in preparation, learning management, and opportunities and the challenges they have encountered. This study used a descriptive phenomenological research design to explore the lived experiences of BSED Science students who have taken physics subjects in an online class which is chosen purposively. There are four themes that emerged in this study Technological Preparations, Self-Preparations, Challenges in Online Learning, and Learning Management and Opportunities. It was realized in this study that students are prepared to take online classes in both technological and personal aspects. Despite their preparations, they have encountered challenges such as network issues, time constraints, and distractions in the learning environment at home. However, students were optimistic, so, they have seen opportunities in these challenges to improve their technological skills, time management, and maximize online resources for a better understanding of physics concepts.
Interfacial crystallization and supramolecular self-assembly of spider silk inspired protein at the water-air interface
Authors: Mohammadi Pezhman , Zemke Fabian , Wagermaier Wolfgang , Linder Markus B.
Published: July 2021

Macromolecular assembly into complex morphologies and architectural shapes is an area of fundamental research and technological innovation. In this work, we investigate the self-assembly process of recombinantly produced protein inspired by spider silk (spidroin). To elucidate the first steps of the assembly process we looked into highly concentrated and viscous pendant droplets of this protein in air. We show how the protein self-assembles and crystallizes at the water-air interface into a relatively thick and highly elastic skin. Using time-resolved in-situ synchrotron x-ray scattering measurements during the drying process, we showed that the skin evolved to contain a high β-sheet amount over time. We also found that β-sheet formation strongly depended on protein concentration and relative humidity. These had a strong influence not only on the amount but also on the ordering of these structures during the β-sheet formation process. We also showed how the skin around pendant droplets can serve as a reservoir for attaining liquid-liquid phase separation and coacervation from the dilute protein solution. Essentially, this study shows a new assembly route which could be optimized for the synthesis of new materials from a dilute protein solution and determine the properties of the final products.
Insights into the role of cytokinin and gibberellic acid in improving waterlogging tolerance of mung bean
Authors: Islam M Rafiqul , Rahman Md. Mezanur , Akter Munny , Zama Erin , Keya Sanjida Sultana , Hasan Mehfuz
Published: July 2021

Mung bean (Vigna radiata) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein rich seeds, which growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging. In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA3), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mung bean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield-related attributes. Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA3 under 5-days of waterlogged conditions improved mung bean growth and biomass, which was associated to increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the consequent elevated levels of malondialdehyde, were considerably reduced by CK and GA3 treatments. Mung bean plants sprayed with either CK or GA3 suffered less oxidative stress due to the enhancement of total phenolics and flavonoids levels. Improvement in the contents of proline and total soluble sugars indicating a better osmotic adjustment following CK and GA3 treatments in waterlogged-exposed plants. Most fundamentally, CK or GA3-sprayed waterlogged-stressed mung bean plants demonstrated an increased tendency of the above-mentioned parameters after the 15-day recovery period as compared to water-sprayed waterlogged-exposed plants. Our results also revealed that CK and GA3 treatments increased yield-associated features in waterlogged-stressed plant. Importantly, both phytohormones are efficient in improving mung bean resistance to waterlogging; however, CK was found to be more effective. Overall, our findings suggested that CK or GA3 could be used for the management of waterlogging-induced damage in mung bean, and perhaps in other cash crops.
Anisotropic Purcell Factor Control of an Emitter in Graphene Under the Modulation of a Static Magnetic Field
Authors: Ma Zenghong , Chen Zijian , Zhang Lian , Lu Xiaocui , Xu Jian , Yang Guangwu , Xu Xin
Published: July 2021

Spontaneous emission control of emitters hold great promise for applications in pho-tonics and quantum optics. As a definition of the spontaneous emission lifetime of an atom or molecule, the Purcell factor of an emitter coupled with graphene plasmons by a static magnetic field is studied. The results show that the Purcell factor can be effectively modulated by the applying of external magnetic field to graphene at lower terahertz frequencies. In addition, in the presence of a magnetic field, the coupling between the graphene and emitter becomes stronger, which results in a strong enhancement of the emission of the emitter and the numerically calculated Purcell factor is increased. More specifically, the Purcell factor increases by almost an order of magnitude when the applied magnetic field is 10T. Moreover, the Purcell factor also depends on the polarization direction of the emitter, especially when the polarization direction of the emitter is parallel to the graphene plane, the Purcell factor will show anisotropy with the change of polarization angle. Bias of the applied magnetic field extends a new path for the realization of Purcell factor modulation based on graphene-emitter interaction, it may provides a promising application value for the design of the photo-magnetic based quantum devices.
Titin-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy: The Sequence of Events and The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in The Clinical Assessment
Authors: Chmielewski Przemysław , Truszkowska Grażyna , Kowalik Ilona , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Michalak Ewa , Sobieszczańska-Małek Małgorzata , Franaszczyk Maria , Stawiński Piotr , Stępień-Wojno Małgorzata , Oręziak Artur , Lewandowski Michał , Leszek Przemysław , Bilińska Maria , Zieliński Tomasz , Płoski Rafał , Bilińska Zofia T.
Published: July 2021

Titin truncating variants (TTNtv) are known as the leading cause of inherited dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Nevertheless, the clinical course is not fully understood and it is unclear whether circulating cardiac biomarkers are helpful in the detection and risk assessment. We sought to assess: 1) early signs of cardiotitinopathy including serum biomarkers: high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in clinically stable patients, and 2) indicators of outcome among TTNtv carriers. Our single-centre cohort included 108 carriers (including 70 DCM patients) from 43 families. Clinical, laboratory and follow-up data were analyzed. The earliest abnormality was left ventricular dysfunction, present in 8, 26 and 47% of patients in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th decade of life, respectively. It was followed by symptoms of heart failure and elevation of NT-proBNP, linked to severe (persistent or transient) left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and later by arrhythmias, preceding both malignant ventricular arrhythmia (MVA) and end-stage heart failure (esHF). Hs-cTnT serum levels were increased in the late stage of the disease only. During the median follow-up of 5.2 years both MVA and esHF occurred in 12% of TTNtv carriers. In multivariable analysis, NT-proBNP level ≥650 pg/ml was the best predictor of both composite endpoint (MVA and esHF), and of MVA alone. We conclude that assessment of circulating cardiac biomarkers is not useful in the detection of cardiotitinopathies but may be helpful in the risk assessment.
When To Start Tacrolimus Ointment For Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis? A Proposed Treatment Protocol
Authors: Arnon Roee , Knisbacher Irit Rozen - , Yahalomi Tal , Stanescu Nir , Niazov Yulia , Goldberg Dina , Sharabi-Nov Adi , Mostovoy Dina
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare treatment regimens of tacrolimus and of topical steroids for VKC and suggest a treatment protocol according to our clinical experience.MethodsThis retrospective, nonrandomized case series enrolled 85 Patients with VKC. Patients were classified clinically according to severity (mild, moderate, severe) and were treated according to a suggested protocol. Analysis was made according to treatment received: tacrolimus ointment as first line treatment (tacrolimus 1st line), tacrolimus ointment after topical steroid drops treatment (tacrolimus 2nd line) and topical steroid drops or artificial tears alone (topical steroid and tears group). Results Significant improvements in clinical signs and symptoms were achieved under tacrolimus treatment 14 months in the moderate group and 5 months in the severe group. The longest duration of treatment was for tacrolimus 2nd line group (p=0.031) and the mean number of visits in the clinic was the highest. The mean number of topical treatments per day was higher in the topical steroid and tears group (2.6 times) than in the two tacrolimus groups (1.3 times for both). The mean time needed to achieve disease remission or relief did not differ between the tacrolimus 1st line and 2nd line groups.ConclusionTacrolimus treatment is effective and safe for VKC. Tacrolimus as 1st line treatment may be preferred for severe cases, for faster disease remission compared to tacrolimus as 2nd line treatment; and with fewer topical treatments per day compared to topical steroids.
Male involvement in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia. A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Anbesu Etsay Woldu , Aychiluhm Setognal Birara , Kahsay Znabu Hadush
Published: July 2021

Background: The need to include males that required joint spousal decision is critical in achieving key reproductive health indicators. The low involvement of males in family planning use is one of the contributing factors for low contraceptive use in Ethiopia. Moreover, there are inconsistent findings on the prevalence and determinates of males involvement in family planning use. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of men's involvement in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia.Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline will be used to develop the protocol. Online databases PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and grey literature will be searched to retrieve available articles. The quality of the studies will be assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. Chi-squared test and I-squared statistic will be used to examine heterogeneity among studies. Sources of heterogeneity will be investigated using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Publication bias will be examined by observation using funnel plots and statistically by Begg’s and Egger’s tests. A random-effect model will be used to estimate the pooled prevalence and its determinants. Discussion: The role of the male in family planning and participation in contraceptive use improves women’s uptake and continuity of family planning use. Though there are studies on male involvement in family planning use, there are no synthesis research findings on the overall pooled prevalence of male involvement in family planning use and its determinants in Ethiopia. Therefore, the finding from this systematic review and meta-analysis will help the national health sector transformational plane to emphasize the overall pooled prevalence and its determinants that drive low male involvement in family planning use.
Detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike antibodies in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Japan.
Authors: Furukawa Hiroshi , Oka Shomi , Higuchi Takashi , Yamaguchi Miho , Uchiyama Shota , Koiwa Tomohiro , Nakama Moriyuki , Minegishi Masaaki , Nagai Hideaki , Tohma Shigeto
Published: July 2021

Objectives Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (Abs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) Abs is performed to detect prior COVID-19 infection. It is still controversial which antibodies are the most sensitive and specific, and which can be detected earliest after infection. Here, we evaluated the results of serological tests of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs in Japan.Methods Symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n = 84) and control patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 93) were recruited at Tokyo National Hospital. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs were measured by commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassays.Results The fraction of patients positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs was highest > 14 days after symptom onset. The frequency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Ab positivity at this time (80.4%) tended to be slightly but not significantly lower than anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Ab positivity (84.8%). Optimized cut-off levels for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Ab positivity were lower than the manufacturer's recommended cut-off levels. Using multiple linear regression analyses with anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs, we created an Ab-index with high sensitivity.Conclusion To increase the sensitivity of serological diagnostic tests for COVID-19, it is suggested that both anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs should be measured and cut-off levels decreased.
WITHDRAWN: Novel Mystery of Double Slit/Cross-double Slit Experiments--- Curved Interference Pattern andInterference Pattern Depending on Orientation of Diaphragm
Authors: peng hui
Published: July 2021

Young’s double slit experiments express the mystery of quantum mechanics. To explore the mystery, varieties of the double slit and cross-double slit experiments were performed. In this article, we show novel mystery phenomena: (1) the characteristics of the interference patterns of the double slit and cross-double slit experiments depend on the orientation of the diaphragm used in the experiment, specifically on which axis the diaphragm rotates around, the rotating angle and how to rotate, clockwise or counterclockwise; and (2) in the cross-double slit experiments, the characteristics of the interference patterns also depend on which slit photons pass through; (3) unlike the regular double slit and regular cross-double slit experiments, in which the interference patterns are along the straight line, the interference patterns of the double slit/cross-double slit experiments can be along curve, and the curvatures depend on the orientations of the diaphragms of the double slit/cross-double slit. Those experiments show more mysteries of the double slit and cross-double slit experiments and provide comprehensive data for developing/testing a theoretical model.
THE IMAGE CREATING OF PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA AT THE CURRENT STAGE
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vaulina М. , Gainullina Е. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: July 2021

The article examines the factors that build the image of the president of the Republic of Korea, such as the political course, communication with the people, the politician’s social circle, his hobbies, the lighting of information in the media, the political technologies, etc. Special attention is paid to the reaction of the Koreans and the world community upon the actions of Moon Jae-in. Have been compared the impressions made by Park Geun-hye and Moon Jae-in. The conclusion draws out that the image of Moon Jae-in has positive characteristic, which roughly contrasts with the previous president and improves the country’s image on the world stage. The attractive image of the political leader ensures its support by its citizens, giving him a “credit” and approval for the ongoing political reforms
PROBLEMS OF THE SOCIAL AND RELIGIOUS SECURITY SYSTEM FORMATION IN THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE BORDER REGION IN FOREIGN STUDIES
Authors:   Transbaikal State University, Romanova I. , Kononov S. ,   ar Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School named after Marshal of the Soviet Union K.K. Rokossovsky, Shevchenko M. ,   Transbaikal State University, Shevchenko Yu. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: July 2021

The study is devoted to the analysis of Western research on aspects of social security of the Russian-Chinese border. The article provides the allocation social security aspects in the Western descriptions of the Russian-Chinese border in the XVII-XIX centuries. The degree of political conjuncture influence on the interpretation of the social security of the Russian-Chinese border is determined; Modern transformations of the critical concept of social development of border Russian-Chinese territories in the XXI century are analyzed. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it is the first analysis of the factors and patterns assessments of social security formation in the territory of the Russian-Chinese border in the works of European and American authors. The result is the determination of the development vector of the Western Social Security methodology of the Russian-Chinese border area from early idealizations to positivist descriptions and a “critical concept”, where Russia is assigned the role of a social threat. The second result is to identify the content of the critical concept of the social security of the Russian-Chinese border, which is that Russian-Chinese relations are perceived by Western researchers as the factor in the lagging of regional society development from the global level. The third result is to analyze the transformation of the critical concept of the social security of the Russian-Chinese border, which is recognized by the regional framework independence and its dependence not so much from the Western trends of globalism but on the influence of East Asian players, the leading among which is China
The role of Soviet symbols in the national-state identity formation of the Russians
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Titov V.
Published: July 2021

This study is devoted to the study of the reasons for the high importance of Soviet symbols in the process of reproduction of the national-state identity of Russians. The research methodology is built by combining structural analysis with secondary processing of quantitative sociological research data. The theoretical foundation of the presented work is formed by the concept of social identity by G. Tajfel and D. Turner. The author has come to the conclusion that the special role of the Soviet symbolic heritage in ensuring the reproduction of the national-state identity of the citizens of the Russian Federation is determined by a complex set of factors, within which the nostalgia of the older generations or the sympathy of a part of the population for communist ideas do not play a primary role. The absence of an attractive image of the future and achievements in the present, comparable in scale with the victories of the past, cause a situation in which the justification of the in-group favoritism of Russians acquires a retrospective vector. As a result, the most significant events of the Soviet period, reflected in the memorial “tradition of the winners,” begin to play the role of a paradigmatic element in the structure of substantiating the prestigious nature of the identity of Russians. The high importance of Soviet symbols is determined by the presence in its semantic basis of such a value element as social justice. The latter is extremely in demand among the broad strata of the population of the Russian Federation at the moment. In addition, the additional significance of the symbols of the USSR is brought by its decommunization in the eyes of some of the bearers of right-wing views. Due to the latter, Soviet symbolism is beginning to be perceived as “imperial”, which gives it a positive character in the eyes of a part of the right-wing public