bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade Unions’ Rights, Work Councils’ Functions and the Legal Framework for Governing European Corporations
Authors: Landa Juan Pablo
Published: May 2019

This paper provides analytical research about changing legislation on the functions of work councils and trade unions in participating in the decision making process at firm level in European countries with systems of double channel based models of representation (like Spain, France or Germany). The paper tests European regulations on the involvement of workers in management decisions, in connection with national rulings passed in some European countries, especially during the financial crisis. The paper will aim at responding the following key questions: What kind of complementarity is to be statutorily built between the functions of work councils and collective agreements in order to guarantee workers’ participation in the governance of corporations? Is codetermination a more effective system than collective bargaining to build on new forms of corporate governance in a transnational context?
The Paradox between the European Pillar of Social Rights and EU Economic Governance
Authors: Canalda Criado Sergio
Published: May 2019

The European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) was announced as a new platform for advancing social policy in the European Union. Among the principles and rights enshrined in the EPSR, the Commission has included the right of workers to be paid fair wages. However, in the context of EU Economic Governance, the EU country-specific recommendations steer national wage-setting institutions in the opposite direction. The outcomes sought by EU Economic Governance and the EPSR thus produce a paradox. This paper presents the Spanish case as an example of this paradox. More specifically, it assesses the reforms the Spanish Government made to minimum wage rules and the collective bargaining system during the financial crisis. In the end, all those reforms have led to wage stagnation and devaluation, causing an increasing number of working poor.
Representation, Trade Union Activity And Technologies
Authors: Cabeza Pereiro Jaime
Published: May 2019

Labour relations have been hit deeply by information and communication technologies (ICT). A wide bibliography has described this impact on all the working conditions and in all the circumstances that surround subordinate work. However, less attention has been devoted to the realm of trade union activity, representation, participation and involvement rights, collective bargaining and industrial action. All that huge field has to be re-thought from the point of view of the technological footprint as well. It is a discussion about strategies and adaptation to the current ways of information and communication. Consequently, a problem of adaptation of labour relations players to those channels. This paper tries to answer briefly to some of those questions taking the Spanish system as an example when necessary. Spanish legislation and case-law are described and criticized as long it is necessary for the overall discussion but taking into consideration the globalized literature on this subject.
Guaranteed Minimum Income
Authors: Colàs-Neila Eusebi , Fargas Fernández Josep
Published: May 2019

Trade unions have developed a very important role guaranteeing minimum incomes through collective bargaining. However, after the last Great Recession and austerity policies imposed by the Troika on many countries, among which Spain, the traditional mechanism of fixing minimum wages has become less effective on many occasions. Nonetheless, it has been argued that trade unions are following various new paths in order to guarantee minimum wages, both in Spain and in comparative labour law, and these share several common trends. This paper aims to analyse these paths and which convergences in trade union practices and strategies can be detected in this field.
Novel (2-amino-4-arylimidazolyl)propanoic acids and pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles via the domino reactions of 2-amino-4-arylimidazoles with carbonyl and methylene active compounds
Authors: Lipson Victoria V , Pavlovska Tetiana L , Svetlichnaya Nataliya V , Poryvai Anna A , Gorobets Nikolay Yu , Van der Eycken Erik V , Konovalova Irina S , Shiskina Svetlana V , Borisov Alexander V , Musatov Vladimir I , Mazepa Alexander V
Published: May 2019

The unexpectedly uncatalyzed reaction between 2-amino-4-arylimidazoles, aromatic aldehydes and Meldrum’s acid has selectively led to the corresponding Knoevenagel–Michael adducts containing a free amino group in the imidazole fragment. The adducts derived from Meldrum’s acid have been smoothly converted into 1,7-diaryl-3-amino-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazol-5-ones and 3-(2-amino-4-aryl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)-3-arylpropanoic acids. The interaction of 2-amino-4-arylimidazoles with aromatic aldehydes or isatins and acyclic methylene active compounds has led to the formation of pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole-6-carbonitriles, pyrrolo[1,2-с]imidazole-6-carboxylates and spiro[indoline-3,7'-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles], which can be considered as the analogues of both 3,3’-spirooxindole and 2-aminoimidazole marine sponge alkaloids.
Impact of Pharmacist Intervention on Improving the Quality of Life of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Syarifuddin Shofian , Nasution Azizah , Dalimunthe Aminah , Khairunnisa -
Published: May 2019

AIM: To analyse the characteristics, and analyse the impact of pharmacist intervention on quality of life (QOL) outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
METHODS: This six-month analytical cohort study was conducted by assessing the patients’ characteristics and their quality of life by distributing a questionnaire, and the 36-Item short form instrument to the patients with T2DM (n = 45) admitted to the Tertiary hospital in Tebing Tinggi. Patients who had mental disorders, HIV-AIDS, liver disease, stage 4 chronic kidney disease, and pregnant women were excluded from the study. The patients’ quality of life was measured before and after interventions and analysed using the paired t-test. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22, Chicago, IL, USA) (p < 0.05 was considered significant).
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 61.96 ± 6.45 (years). Most (66.7%) of them were females. The mean QOL (in the score) of the patients: before the intervention, 61.07 ± 15.13; after the intervention, 70.15 ± 14.23, there was a significant difference between groups with and without interventions, p < 0.001.
CONCLUSION: Active contribution of pharmacists in the management of T2DM patients is urgent and important to improve the patients’ QOL.
Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction Using Different Grafting Techniques
Authors: Mossaad Aida , El Badry Tarek , Abdelrahman Moustapha , Abd Elazeem Ahmad , Ghanem Wael , Hassan Susan , Adly Nahed , Shawkat Wael
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Cleft lip and palate CLP is a frequent congenital malformation that manifests in several varieties including unilateral or bilateral anomalies due to either genetic or acquired causes. Alveolar cleft graft ACG remains controversial as regard timing, grafting materials and surgical techniques. The primary goal of alveolar cleft grafting in ACG patients is to provide an intact bony ridge at the cleft site to allow maxillary continuity for teeth eruption, proper orthodontic treatment for dental arch alignment, oronasal fistula closure and providing alar support for nasal symmetry.
AIM: This study aims to compare different grafting techniques to treat the alveolar cleft defect.
METHODS: This study included 24 cases divided into three groups of patients: Group A was treated with autogenous iliac crest bone; Group B was treated with nano calcium hydroxyapatite with collagen membrane and Group C was treated with tissue engineering method using bone marrow stem cells extract and PRF membrane.
RESULTS: According to clinical and radiographic examination measuring bone density in the CT preoperatively compared to six months postoperatively. Group C with bone marrow stem cells extract showed superior results among all followed by group B, while group A with autogenous iliac crest showed resorption in some cases and gave the least values, in addition to its drawbacks as regard donor site affection with pain & scar formation.
CONCLUSION: Bone substitutes as Nano calcium hydroxyapatite and bone marrow stem cells extract showed to be reliable methods for bone grafting than autogenous iliac crest.
Goldenhar Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kurniawan Ruby , Suarca I Kadek , Suryawan I Wayan Bikin
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Goldenhar syndrome is a multiple congenital disorder with classic characteristics regarding the face, eyes, ears. The incidence of this case is between 1:3.500 to 1:5.600. Early detection and good management can have good outcomes. A newborn with this condition can have a normal life and intelligence.
CASE PRESENTATION: A baby girl was born spontaneously at Wangaya General Hospital with APGAR minutes 1, 5, and 10 scores respectively 3, 5, and 8. Infant birth weight was 2.600 grams, body length was 47 cm, and head circumference was 31 cm with estimated age 32-34 weeks. Clinically showing an asymmetrical face, mouth toward the right side without hypoplasia, the eyelids appear asymmetrical with the right eyelid not open when the left eyelid is open, and the two ears not fully formed and diagnosed as Goldenhar Syndrome. From the physical examination, the ear canal is not formed, intact palate, normal eyeball no abnormalities in the spine and found murmur during the systolic-diastolic phase of the heart. Evaluation of the function of vision and hearing has not been concluded. Abdominal ultrasound showed first-degree picture of bilateral hydronephrosis, and from echocardiography, a PDA was found. TORCH profiles in infant were positive for IgG anti-CMV, IgG anti-rubella, and IgG anti-HSV 1. The prognosis, in this case, is good and periodic evaluation needs to be done in 6 months.
CONCLUSION: Multidisciplinary examination and management, in this case, are needed so that appropriate therapeutic planning can be carried out as well as periodic evaluations in monitoring the child's growth and development.
Case Report: A Simple Thoraco - Abdominal Flap to Reconstruct Wide Defect of Radical Mastectomy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Breast
Authors: Adiputra Putu Anda Tusta , Sudarsa I Wayan
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the breast is very unusual. Thoraco-abdominal (TA) flap is a simple flap, and it is a rotation advancement fasciocutaneous flap. Here, we present a case of using TA flap for chest wall reconstruction in quick in-quick outpatient.
CASE PRESENTATION: A Russian woman 48 years old presented enlarging lump on her left breast for the last 5 years. She was diagnosed as stage IV low-differentiated breast cancer luminal B and had a history of 4 cycles chemotherapy. Patient getting worsening and no response to chemotherapy. We decided to perform palliative radical mastectomy to improve quality of life. Primary skin closure was not possible due to the wide defect of skin and soft tissue. We decided to use TA flap to cover the defect. Histopathology result was compatible with SCC.
CONCLUSION: TA flap can be the choice in patients with a wide defect of skin and soft tissue after a radical mastectomy. Given its simplicity and shorter operative time, TA flap is an ideal option for quick in-quick outpatient.
Giant Pelvic Neurofibroma in Patient with Plexiform Sciatic Neurofibroma and Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Temelkova Ivanka , Tchernev Georgi
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disease with an autosomal dominant type of inheritance. It is a multisystem disease in which, besides skin manifestations, there is a possibility for the involvement of other organs and systems, and an atypical variant of neurofibromatosis type 1 can also be observed- the so-called plexiform neurofibroma. In patients with this inherited disease, mortality is higher due to the existing risk for malignant transformation and development of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) or neurofibrosarcoma.
CASE REPORT: We present a 25-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 and a family history of the disease-father and grandmother with NF-1, with fatal outcome in the grandmother as a result of malignant transformation to neurofibrosarcoma. The patient has clinical data for multiple cafés- au- lait spots on the skin of the trunk, upper and lower limbs, and plexiform tumour formation in the seating area. From the performed imaging diagnostic there are available MRT data for 1) giant pelvic neurofibroma, 2) plexiform giant neurofibroma in the subcutaneous fat on the right thigh and gluteal fat tissue to the right, passing through the midline in the area of the external genitalia, leading to deformation of the front wall of the sacrum with bilateral meningoceles and 3) diffuse involvement of the bladder wall from the process in the area of the trigonum vesicae felleae/the two urethral ostium, as well as 4) the presence of neurofibromas in the course of the iliac vessels on the right. Surgical removal of the oval pelvic formation, identified as neurofibroma was planned, as well as the initiation of systemic therapy with Sirolimus for the plexiform sciatic formation, infiltrating the bladder.
CONCLUSION: Neurofibromatosis type-1 is a problematic disease due to the parallel systemic involvement of different organs and systems, which can be both limited and diffuse. Limited tumour lesions in the form of neurofibromas with diverse localisation (as in the patient we describe) could be surgically removed without difficulty. On the other hand, the diffuse involvement of internal organs within a giant, network-3spreading plexiform neurofibromas (as in the described patient) makes interdisciplinary interventions impossible, and therefore therapeutic alternatives should be considered.
The Association between Asthma and Obesity in Children – Inflammatory and Mechanical Factors
Authors: Cvejoska-Cholakovska Valentina , Kocova Mirjana , Velikj-Stefanovska Vesna , Vlashki Emilija
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND: Association of asthma and obesity has been demonstrated in numerous epidemiological studies. However, the underlying mechanisms of the association are not well understood. Both conditions are characterised by chronic tissue inflammation, which includes numerous different inflammatory markers, and possible atopy.
AIM: The study aimed to investigate the association between asthma and obesity in children and assess several of potential underlying mechanisms, including the parameters of systemic inflammation (CRP, fibrinogen) and the mechanical effect of obesity on the respiratory system through parameters of lung function. An additional aim was to examine the role of atopy in overweight children with asthma and to investigate the type of respiratory inflammation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study included 72 patients in the age group of 7-15 years, including 38 with high body mass index (BMI), 16 with asthma and normal BMI, and 18 with asthma and high BMI for sex and age. Non-specific inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, CRP), eosinophilia, and total serum IgE were investigated. The patients underwent a skin prick test (SPT) with standard inhalant allergen extracts, measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide Fe (NO), and an assessment of lung function.
RESULTS: In overweight groups of children we determined significantly higher values (p < 0.001) of both acute inflammatory reactants, CRP and fibrinogen, with no difference between children with and without asthma. There was a significant increase in eosinophilia, total IgE, and positive SPT in the asthmatic groups compared to the group of non-asthmatic patients (p < 0.001 for the three parameters). Compared to the group composed of overweight patients without asthma, the asthmatic patients had higher NO values (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the lung function parameters was found between the three groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: A positive association between asthma and obesity with inflammation as an underlying mechanism, eosinophilic one in asthmatic patients and non-eosinophilic one in overweight patients, was determined. It seems that the lung function parameters did not differ between asthmatic patients and overweight patients. No influence of atopy in the association between asthma and obesity was verified. Further analyses of specific inflammatory markers, for an in-depth evaluation of the mechanisms leading to the association of obesity and asthma, are warranted.
High level education on integrated water resources management for sustainable development
Authors: Grau Juan Bta. , Tarquis Ana Maria , Martín-Sotoca Juan José , Antón José Manuel
Published: May 2019

Water, is in Spain a scarce commodity and although we have an age-old water culture, with an emblematic Court, such as the “Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia”, hydraulic infrastructure, hydrological basin plans, legislation and hydraulic administration since the 20th Century, there are problems of scarcity, water quality and extreme events that often lead to conflicts between users and also among the responsible administrations for their management. Within this framework, it is of a great interest the training of technicians in matters related to planning, quality and integrated water resources management for sustainable development.In Argentina (especially in the NOA) and until a few years ago, water has not been considered as a scarce commodity. In addition to this, they do not have the history and culture of Spain on issues related to their management, planning and governance. Now, they have begun to establish laws and regulations, as well as, an Association of Consortia of Public Water Users, needing external advice. Therefore, it is necessary, to train technicians in water resources capable of working in areas related to their planning and sustainable management, with knowledge related to the quality required by users. These technicians could be integrated, both in the responsible water administrations’, as well as, in private companies.The project that is the object of this paper is based on preparing a double master's degree, in which the training needs of the students graduated of Spanish and Argentina Engineering Schools are taken into account.
High School Students' Perceptions of Nursing as a Career Choice
Authors: Kohler Patricia A , Edwards Tonya A
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Declining enrollments in nursing programs, coupled with the current shortage of practicing registered nurses, prompted this investigation of 306 high school students' beliefs about nurses and nursing. The study also identifies potential numbers of future nursing students from high school populations and their primary source of information about nursing. Using an investigator questionnaire, subjects responded to statements about educational requirements for registered nurses along with their working conditions, earning power, and social status.

Findings reveal a projected continuing shortage of nurses based on the very small percentage of subjects even considering nursing as a career. Additional findings show that whereas some perceptions about nursing seem congruent with those of nurses themselves, other beliefs held by high school students are not consistent with the realities of professional nursing today.

Results of this study can be used by nurse recruiters to correct misconceptions about nursing and to help high school students perceive the profession in a more positive way. Expanding the informational sources about nursing can facilitate the recruitment process.
Xanthan gum production by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. mangiferaeindicae from glycerin of biodiesel in different media and addition of glucose
Authors: Gondim Tayssa Santos , Pereira Roberto Guimarães , Fiaux Sorele Batista
Published: May 2019

Biodiesel production has been increasing yearly in Brazil. A large amount of glycerin is generated in this process and needs a correct destination. One possible use of this glycerin in crude form is in biotechnological processes. Xanthan gum is a commercial gum used primarily in the pharmaceutical and food industries as thickener, emulsifier and stabilizer. It is synthetized by species of the bacterium Xanthomonas generally from glucose. However, current research shows that species of this bacterium have the capacity to grow and synthesize the gum using glycerin from biodiesel. The aim of this study was to produce xanthan gum using glycerin from biodiesel production in medium with different nitrogen content, named complex and simple media. The kinetics of fermentation in simple medium showed a two-fold increase in gum production (3.16 kg.m-3) compared to the one in complex medium (1.46 kg.m-3) after 120 hours. The gum generated in this study showed chemical and rheological characteristics of xanthan gum. Glucose supplementation did not show an increase in xanthan production but did increase the consistency index and the behavioral index of solutions of this gum.
Synthesis of New Surfactants from Lauramidopropyl Betaine and Surface Activity Evaluation
Authors: Liu Qiao Na , Yang An Guo , Peng Seng , Zhang Rong Jun , Li Jin Ling , Chen Gang
Published: May 2019

The ampholytic surfactant lauramidopropyl betaine (LAB) has excellent properties and very low irritation. It has good compatibility and can be used together with cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants. In this paper, new surfactants were synthesized by using LAB as the main component and the molar ratios of LAB to formaldehyde were 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4, respectively. The new functional group hydroxymethyl was introduced into the LAB, and the effect of hydroxymethyl on the properties of raw materials was discussed. And the surface properties were studied, including surface tension, critical micelle concentration and foaming ability. Finally, it can be concluded that the introduction of methylol groups improves the performance of the prepared new surfactants in certain properties.
Facile Fabrication of N-Methyl-D-Glucamine Grafted HDPE Particle as Adsorbent for Boron Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Du Ji Fu , Dong Zhen , Yang Xin , Zhao Long
Published: May 2019

Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the surface of HDPE particles by radiation grafting and emulsion graft copolymerization. And subsequent ring-opening reaction of expoxy groups in poly-GMA graft chains with N-methylglucamine (NMG) was conducted to synthesis the boron adsorbent. The synthesis condition (radiation dose and NMG concentration) was optimized and characterized by IR and SEM. Adsorption behaviors of the boron adsorbent for boron removal presented that adsorption kinetics was well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic mode. The adsorption isothermal was well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption capacity for boron reached 15.63 mg/g at optimal pH 8. Dynamic experiment revealed that boron could be efficiently adsorbed by the boron adsorbent and fully desorbed using 13 BV of 1 mol/L HCl.
Effect of Mold Temperature on Surface Segregation of Continuous Unidirectional Solidified Cu-Ag Alloy
Authors: Luo Ji Hui , Xiang Li Juan , Gan Xun , Han Sun , Deng An Lin , Zhang Ling Ling
Published: May 2019

The Cu–3%Ag alloy was prepared by continuous unidirectional solidification technique. The composition distribution of continuous unidirectional solidification Cu–3%Ag alloy was analyzed. The effect of different mold temperatures on the composition distribution of alloy was studied. The results show that when the mold temperature is low, continuous unidirectional solidification Cu–3%Ag alloy has surface segregation. The morphology of segregation phase mainly presents stripe and water drop shape. When the mold temperature is high, the surface segregation begins to decrease and eventually disappear.
Effect of Pipe Length on the Temperature Field for 9% Cr Heat-Resistant Steel Pipes in Local Post Weld Heat Treatment
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhong Jiao , Ke Hao
Published: May 2019

ANSYS was used to establish the calculation model of the temperature field for 9% Cr heat-resistant steel pipes in local post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). And the computation model has been validated experimentally. Based on the numerical model, the temperature field distribution was simulated for different pipe lengths in local PWHT, and effects of pipe length on the temperature distribution of heat treatment was further studied. Results show that increase of pipe length has little influence on equivalent temperature measurement point, soak band (SB) width of outer wall and axial temperature gradient, while it causes temperature difference between outer and inner wall to increase and soak band width to reduce significantly in inner wall. And when pipe length increases to a certain extent, the temperature field tends to be stable gradually.
Modification Effect of Nanometre Zirconia on Ca-PSZ Ceramics
Authors: Zhao Liang , Yao Shuang , Du Jing
Published: May 2019

The modified calcium oxide partially stabilized zirconia ceramics were fabricated using ZrO2 powder as raw materials, CaO as stabilizer, and nanometre zirconia as modification agent. The relationship between additive amount of nanometre zirconia and the performance of Ca-PSZ ceramics were researched via testing the physical properties, analyzing mineral phase composition, and observing microstructure of the samples. The results show that the introduction of nanometre zirconia powder has a significant effect on the physical properties of Ca-PSZ, with an addition of 8wt%, bulk density was up to 5.08 g/cm3, and the compressive strength reached 381 MPa. Compared with the unmodified Ca-PSZ sample, the porosity of the modified Ca-PSZ samples decreased by 40%, and the compressive strength increased by 70%. The introduction of nanometre zirconia has an inhibitory effect on the abnormal growth of zirconia grains and improves the densification of the Ca-PSZ ceramics. Through the formation of intragranular structure, nanometre zirconia can induce transgranular fracture and weaken crystalline fracture, thereby increasing the strength of the Ca-PSZ ceramics.
Microstructures and Properties of Friction Stir Welded Al-Cu Lap Joints
Authors: Liu Wei Jian , Wang Wen Quan , Jiang Fan
Published: May 2019

Friction stir welded lap joints of 5083 aluminum alloy plates with thickness of 2mm and T2 pure copper plates with thickness of 3mm were prepared, and the microstructures and properties of lap joints were investigated. The results showed that Al and Cu interdiffusion occurred at the interface of the lap joints, the grains in the stir zone of Al were refined and the microhardness increased sharply. The joint of Cu can be divided into four parts, including the nugget zone (NZ), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal (BM). Using the optimum welding parameters (rotation speed of 900rpm and welding speed of 100mm/min), the lap joints were well formed. There were fewer welding defects and the average shear tensile force reached 3.155KN. Also, the ductile-brittle hybrid fracture occurred at the transitional zone of the advancing side of the Al plates. XRD results showed that intermetallic compounds (IMCS) mainly composed of Al2Cu and AlCu4 were produced in the interface of the lap joints during welding.
Use of Façadism in Divided-Walled Nicosia, Cyprus
Authors: Pieri Christina
Published: May 2019

Nicosia, the last divided European capital has been dealing with the scars of conflict since its permanent division in 1974. This division has had a detrimental impact on the historic part of the city, currently split half between the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities. This paper offers a critical examination of the use of façadism as an urban regeneration and heritage conservation approach, and contributes to a stronger understanding of the impact of conflict as well as division in the management of walled Nicosia’s heritage. The literature review reflects on existing theory and research on the topics of heritage conservation and heritage authenticity, while a historical overview of the Cyprus conflict aims to set the ground for the analysis of the introduced data. In doing so, the paper focuses on selected areas where the use of façadism has been observed, and concludes by demonstrating that the rehabilitation of the historic city varies, with selective heritage management due to conflict and division continuing to reflect on the built environment of the city.
Research on ecosystem services in Brazil: a systematic review
Authors: Parron Lucilia Maria , Fidalgo Elaine Cristina Cardoso , Luz Alessandra Polli , Campanha Monica Matoso , Turetta Ana Paula Dias , Pedreira Bernadete Conceição Carvalho Gomes , Prado Rachel Bardy
Published: May 2019

Studies using the ‘ecosystem services’ (ES) approach developed in Brazil based on the framework of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA), and range from quantitative and qualitative evaluation to the development of economic instruments for payment for ecosystem services (PES) or compensation for their maintenance, mainly for hydrological services. In order to summarize current knowledge regarding ES, the structure for teaching in ES, and also to provide a basis for future research in Brazil, we carried out a systematic review of publications on ES and a study on the availability of undergraduate and graduate courses related to ES. We found 282 publications for the 2006-2017 period, which included peer-reviewed articles, books, book chapters, theses, dissertations, articles in annals and technical publications. We identified current knowledge, knowledge gaps and trends in ES researches that may guide surveys and scenario analyses for future studies, in different biomes and regions of the country. Atlantic Forest and Amazon are the most-studied biome. Most of the studies were related to the evaluation of different types of ES and to the development of methodologies for their evaluation and monitoring.  The most common ES are related to biodiversity, carbon sequestration and water.
Разбиения без малых блоков и $r$-присоединенные полиномы Белла в параметрической модели: вероятностно-статистический анализ
Authors: Ivchenko Grigorii Ivanovich , Medvedev Yurii Ivanovich
Published: May 2019

На множестве всех разбиений $n$-множества $X_n = \{1, 2,…, n\}$ на блоки, размеры которых больше $r \geqslant0 $, задается вероятностная мера, приписывающая каждому разбиению с $k$ блоками вероятность, пропорциональную $\theta^k$, где $\theta > 0$ - параметр меры. Доказана асимптотическая нормальность общего числа блоков случайного разбиения множества $X_n$ в этой модели и рассчитан статистический критерий проверки гипотезы равновероятности $H_0: \theta=1$ с учетом альтернатив $H_1: \theta\ne1$.
Об одном теоретико-вероятностном подходе к обоснованию надежности метода Хеллмана
Authors: Pil'shchikov D V
Published: May 2019

Оценка надежности метода Хеллмана сводится к оценке среднего значения случайного числа $\xi(m, t, N)$ различных элементов множества $X$ в таблице из $m$ цепочек по $t$ итераций функции $F : X \to X$. Предложена вероятностная модель, в рамках которой получены оценки уклонения среднего значения величины $\xi(m, t, N)/(mt)$ от его приближения. Выявлены свойства функции $F$, существенно влияющие на надежность метода. Оценка среднего значения величины $\xi(m, t, N)$ проводится с помощью подходящего процесса Гальтона-Ватсона.
$\otimes_{\mathbf{W}}$-марковость XSL-алгоритмов блочного шифрования, связанная со свойствами слоев раундовой функции
Authors: Pogorelov Boris Aleksandrovich , Pudovkina Marina Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2019

Ранее авторами были описаны условия существования подстановочных гомоморфизмов для некоторого класса $\otimes_{\mathbf{W}}$-марковских алгоритмов. В настоящей работе получены условия $\otimes_{\mathbf{W}}$-марковости $S$-боксов и преобразования линейного слоя. В частности, приведено достаточное условие на $S$-боксы и преобразование линейного слоя, при которых XSL-алгоритм является $\otimes_{\mathbf{W}}$-марковским.
Assessment of probable causes of chlorine decay in water distribution systems of Gaborone city, Botswana
Authors: Nono Denis , Odirile Phillimon T , Basupi Innocent , Parida Bhagabat P
Published: May 2019

Assessment of probable causes of chlorine decay in water distribution systems of Gaborone city, Botswana Gaborone city water distribution system (GCWDS) is rapidly expanding and has been faced with the major problems of high water losses due to leakage, water shortages due to drought and inadequate chlorine residuals at remote areas of the network. This study investigated the probable causes of chlorine decay, due to pipe wall conditions and distribution system water quality in the GCWDS. An experimental approach, which applied a pipe-loop network model to estimate biofilm growth and chlorine reaction rate constants, was used to analyse pipe wall chlorine decay. Also, effects of key water quality parameters on chlorine decay were analysed. The water quality parameters considered were: natural organic matter (measured by total organic carbon, TOC; dissolved organic carbon, DOC; and ultraviolet absorbance at wavelength 254, UVA-254, as surrogates), inorganic compounds (iron and manganese) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC). Samples were collected from selected locations in the GCWDS for analysis of water quality parameters. The results of biofilm growth and chlorine reaction rate constants revealed that chlorine decay was higher in pipe walls than in the bulk of water in the GCWDS. The analysis of key water quality parameters revealed the presence of TOC, DOC and significant levels of organics (measured by UVA-254), which suggests that organic compounds contributed to chlorine decay in the GCWDS. However, low amounts of iron and manganese (< 0.3 mg/L) indicated that inorganic compounds may have had insignificant contributions to chlorine decay. The knowledge gained on chlorine decay would be useful for improving water treatment and network operating conditions so that appropriate chlorine residuals are maintained to protect the network from the risks of poor water quality that may occur due to the aforementioned problems.
Variable water quality of domestic wells emphasizes the need for groundwater quality monitoring and protection: Stinkwater, Hammanskraal, Gauteng
Authors: Baloyi Rhulane S , Diamond Roger E
Published: May 2019

Groundwater is a critical water resource in many peri-urban areas without municipal water supply, a common situation globally, but especially in Africa. These areas contain multiple water pollution risks from various human activities, including small industry, dumping, stock and pet animals, and pit latrines. Stinkwater village, 40 km north of Pretoria in Gauteng Province, that has only partial municipal water supply, was sampled for water quality from municipal taps, boreholes and open hand-dug wells. The water quality varied greatly, with few obvious geographic or geochemical correlations, other than high bacterial counts in the open wells. The key health concerns were nitrate, fluoride and coliform bacteria (including E. coli), some at dangerous levels. Relatively subtle variations in land use, including water use and pollution sources, as well as vadose zone character, including depth to water table, permeability and recharge pathways, could account for much of the variation in water quality. The study reveals the risk of relying upon a single water quality analysis to determine groundwater conditions for an area. In areas with multiple possible pollution sources, thorough groundwater monitoring is needed to determine the usability of water resources.
Leachate seepage from landfill: a source of groundwater mercury contamination in South Africa
Authors: Nevondo V , Malehase T , Daso AP , Okonkwo OJ
Published: May 2019

Mercury has been used for many centuries in the production of consumer products such as thermometers, electrical switches, fluorescent light bulbs, batteries, biocides and pesticides, cosmetics and dental amalgam filling, among others. After use, these mercury-containing consumer products form part of the municipal solid waste (MSW). As a result of an unseparated solid waste collection system, mercury-containing wastes tend to end up in landfills where mercury and other pollutants can leach out of products into landfill leachates. The present study, therefore, was conducted with the aim of determining the total mercury (THg) concentrations in leachate and sediment samples collected from 4 selected landfill sites (3 sites in Gauteng Province – Soshanguve, Hatherly, Onderstepoort and 1 site in Limpopo Province – Thohoyandou). Groundwater samples were collected from the monitoring boreholes at the four selected landfill sites in the summer and winter periods. An acid digestion method was employed for sample preparation and this was followed by analysis using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrophotometry (CVAAS). The concentration range of total mercury in the Thohoyandou leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.12–2.07 μg/L, 0.03–0.48 μg/g and 0.09–2.12 μg/L, respectively. In Soshanguve, the concentration range of total mercury in leachate, sediment and groundwater samples was 0.10–1.20 μg/L, 0.04–0.62 μg/g and nd –1.66 μg/L respectively, Hatherly concentration range was 0.42–1.31 μg/L and 0.06–0.78 μg/g in leachate and sediment, respectively and in Onderstepoort the concentration range was 0.12–2.41 μg/L, 0.03–0.50 μg/g and 0.05–2.44 μg/L, in leachate, sediment and groundwater, respectively. The findings from this study suggest that there is a likelihood of groundwater pollution by mercury from landfill leachate seepage, particularly for landfills that are not lined with a geomembrane.
Neuro-fuzzy systems to estimate reference evapotranspiration
Authors: Zakhrouf Mousaab , Bouchelkia Hamid , Stamboul Madani
Published: May 2019

Routine and rapid estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) at regional scale is of great significance for agricultural, hydrological and climatic studies. A large number of empirical or semi-empirical equations have been developed for assessing ET from meteorological data. The FAO-56 PM is one of the most important methods used to estimate evapotranspiration. The advantage of FAO-56 PM is a physically based method that requires a large number of climatic parameter data. In this paper, the potential of two types of neuro-fuzzy system, including ANFIS based on subtractive clustering (S_ANFIS), ANFIS based on the fuzzy C-means clustering method (F_ANFIS), and multiple linear regression (MLR), were used in modelling daily evapotranspiration (ET0). For this purpose various daily climate data – air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (U) and insolation duration (ID) – from Dar El Beidain Algiers, Algeria, were used as inputs for the ANFIS and MLR models to estimate the ET0 obtained by FAO-56 based on the Penman-Monteith equation. The obtained results show that the performances of S_ANFIS model yield superior to those of F_ANFIS and MLR models. It can be judged from results of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (EC) where S_ANFIS (EC = 94.01%) model can improve the performances of F_ANFIS (EC = 93.00%) and MLR (EC = 92.12%) during the test period, respectively.
Application of VOF and k-ε turbulence model in simulation of flow over a bottom aerated ramp and step structure
Authors: Tokyay Talia , Kurt Can
Published: May 2019

A three-dimensional numerical model of ANSYS, Fluent (2011) was employed for studying mid to high discharge supercritical two-phase flow over a single slope spillway with a single step for aeration of the flow. In this study 18 simulations were conducted using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for air-water interface tracking and simple k-ɛ model for turbulence closure. Submerged circular shaped pipes located at the bottom of the step were utilized as aerators. Analyses concentrate on the air-entrainment phenomenon and jet-length of the flow from the step to the re-attachment point. The variables considered in the study are discharge, aerator size, different aerator arrangements, Froude number of the flow, presence of a ramp before the step and its angle. Observed jet-length values in this study were compared with two sets of empirical formulae from literature for code validation. Cross-sectional average of air concentration due to bottom aeration was determined in the streamwise direction downstream of the re-attachment of the jet. The air concentration is observed to follow a logarithmic decay in the flow direction within the de-aeration zone.
Requirements for sustainable operation and maintenance of rural small-scale water infrastructure in Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Selala MS , Senzanje A , Dhavu K
Published: May 2019

This study assessed the presence of key requirements for sustainable O&M and rehabilitation of rural small-scale water infrastructure in Makhudutamaga Municipality in South Africa. The study found a significant correlation between the requirements for sustainable O&M and rehabilitation of rural small-scale water infrastructure and continuity of service provision (p < 0.001) by the small-scale water infrastructure as well as functionality (p < 0.001) of the small-scale water infrastructure hardware. The study concludes that the presence of the key requirements varies as a function of social dynamics of communities and the presence of these requirements has an impact on the functionality and continuity of the small-scale water infrastructure hardware.
A produção científica sobre preservação de websites em língua portuguesa
Authors: Farias Juliana Pinheiro , Vieira Bomfim Kelen Cândida
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo apresenta uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da produção científica sobre a temática “Preservação de websites” e “Arquivamento da web”, com a aplicação da metodologia de seleção e análise de bibliografias, sendo estas, parte norteadora para a compreensão da atual situação da produção científica hoje, nos países Ibero-americanos. Define o termo “Preservação de Websites” e apresenta seus objetivos. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi feita uma busca na base oasisbr e a metodologia usada foi a análise dos conteúdos dos trabalhos encontrados. Pode trazer um auxílio aos pesquisadores no entendimento do tema e como está se comportando produção científica até o momento.
Princípios de Orientação ao Mercado em Clubes de Futebol: Marca, Receitas e Torcedores
Authors: Silva Edson Coutinho da , Las Casas Alexandre Luzzi
Published: May 2019

Este ensaio tem o propósito de apresentar, situar e discutir os conceitos de orientação ao mercado e ao consumidor na ótica dos clubes de futebol brasileiro com o propósito de criar e elevar fontes de receitas. Com efeito, a orientação ao mercado e ao torcedor reforça a gestão profissional do clube, os princípios de governança responsável aos stakeholders (parceiros e patrocinadores) o foco no torcedor-cliente (ou consumidor) e, também, assegura diversas fontes de receitas ao clube. Entretanto, relatórios de consultorias vêm demonstrando que a orientação ao mercado e a gestão profissional estão presentes mais nos discursos do que nas práticas. Enquanto os clubes de futebol brasileiro amargam dívidas, os clubes europeus ostentam receitas, por meio do marketing e foco no torcedor.
Análise de fatores influentes na relação entre constribuições e benefícios previdenciários
Authors: Botelho Luciano Henrique Fialho , Abrantes Luiz Antônio , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques , Costa Thiago de Melo Teixeira da
Published: May 2019

Este estudo procurou identificar fatores que podem corroborar com as diferenças entre as arrecadações e despesas previdenciárias (RGPS) no que tange aos municípios de Minas Gerais. Na revisão de literatura, discutiu-se as clientelas previdenciárias, a influência dos cenários trabalhistas e demográficos e socioeconômicos na previdência social, o debate sobre o déficit previdenciário e a conexão entre a previdência social, as finanças públicas e o Estado de bem-estar social. Quanto a metodologia, foi utilizada a Análise Exploratória de Dados, Análise Fatorial, e o Teste de Independência de Qui-Quadrado, visando associar entre os fatores encontrados e o Indicador de Resultado Previdenciário Primário (IRPP) criado. Os resultados demonstraram a conexão do IRPP às condições socioeconômicas municipais, confirmando a hipótese testada. Ademais, verificou-se relação entre aspectos de localidade populacional, demográficos, trabalhistas e de desenvolvimento humano com o mesmo indicador.  Concluiu-se os desequilíbrios financeiros no RGPS podem ser retratados por cenários socioeconômicos negativos
Traços de personalidade, atitude ao endividamento e conhecimento financeiro: um retrato dos servidores da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Authors: Pacheco Greicy Bainha , Campara Jéssica Pulino , Costa Jr. Newton Carneiro Affonso da
Published: May 2019

As constantes evidências de analfabetismo financeiro, bem como o elevando nível de endividamento da sociedade, faz com que esses temas tenham de ser mais bem explorados para que alternativas a esses problemas possam emergir. Assim, tem-se como objetivo identificar quais aspectos influenciam a atitude ao endividamento e o conhecimento financeiro de servidores da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) considerando variáveis de perfil e traços de personalidade. Para tanto foi feita uma pesquisa online através de um questionário com os servidores (técnico-administrativos e docentes) da UFSC. Os dados foram analisados através do software SPSS. Os principais resultados, revelados por meio da aplicação de um questionário, demonstraram a predominância dos traços de personalidade “conscienciosidade” e “abertura à experiência”, além de indicarem elevado conhecimento financeiro e baixa atitude ao endividamento, o que aponta um perfil menos suscetível a problemas financeiros dentre os servidores. No entanto, ainda há aqueles com maior tendência a apresentarem baixa educação financeira e elevada atitude ao endividamento, sendo os demais resultados direcionados à identificação desses, os quais devem ser priorizados em cursos de capacitação.