bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Developing conversational AI applications with the AWS bedrock platform
Authors: Muvva Sainath
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a detailed approach to building a chatbot and query Bot using the AWS Bedrock platform. AWS Bedrock is a comprehensive suite of tools and services that enables the development of conversational AI applications. The paper discusses the key components of the Bedrock platform, including the Lex conversational service, the Polly text-to-speech service, and the Comprehend natural language processing service. It then outlines the step-by-step process of designing, developing, and deploying a chatbot and a query Bot on the Bedrock platform. The paper also explores the performance characteristics, scalability, and security considerations of the implemented solutions. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the Bedrock platform in simplifying the development and deployment of advanced conversational AI applications.
MAPA DE CONVERSAÇÃO COMO ESTRATÉGIA EDUCATIVA PARA AUTOCUIDADO E CONTROLE GLICÊMICO DE USUÁRIOS COM DIABETES MELLITUS NA UNIDADE SATÉLITE DE SALITRE, DOM BASÍLIO-BA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Santos Núbia Rêgo , Souza Cinoélia Leal de , Leite Ivana Karla Sampaio , Bonfim Carla Fabrícia Araújo , Félix Valiane Loredo de Matos , Bispo Karlla Christina de Albuquerque , Nascimento Rita de Cássia de Sousa Nascimento
Published: February 2025

Introdução: o Diabetes Mellitus (DM) é uma das doenças crônicas mais prevalentes mundialmente e se constitui em um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública do século XXI. Contudo, o DM é uma condição sensível à atenção primária (CSAP). Desse modo, uma estratégia educativa criada pela Federação Internacional de Diabetes é o mapa de conversação, uma tecnologia de educação em diabetes eficaz para autogestão do cuidado. Objetivo: Desenvolver a estratégia educativa “Mapa de Conversação” para o desenvolvimento do autocuidado e controle glicêmico das pessoas com DM na unidade satélite de Salitre, Dom Basílio, Bahia (BA), Brasil. Método: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo relato de experiência, com as vivências da enfermeira residente do Programa Estadual de Residência Multiprofissional Regionalizado em Saúde da Família (PERMUSF) da Escola de Saúde Pública da Bahia, durante a atuação em educação em saúde do Grupo Bem Viver com 21 pacientes com DM, no período de março de 2024 a agosto de 2024. A frequência foi de um encontro a cada quinze a 30 dias. Sendo 6 encontros, onde cada encontro conteve de onze a dezoito participantes. Os encontros do projeto de intervenção iniciaram com a apresentação do projeto, dos profissionais facilitadores e os usuários participantes. Os temas dos mapas foram selecionados de acordo com o perfil e necessidades dos pacientes diabéticos atendidos na unidade. Conclusão: Apesar das limitações encontradas, como idade avançada e baixo nível de escolaridade, percebe-se uma melhoria no conhecimento em relação a condição de saúde e aos aspectos relacionados ao autocuidado.
Problemas originados por el coronavirus en la esfera laboral a través de las series temporales del CIS.
Authors:   Universidad Pública de Navarra, Hernández de Frutos Teodoro
Published: February 2025

La pandemia de la COVID-19 pasará a los anales de la historia como uno de los elementos disruptivos más importantes en el curso de la humanidad, con muchos paralelismos con respecto a la gripe española de principios del siglo XX que asoló a la población mundial con unos 100 millones de muertos, porque irrumpió sin previo aviso y cuando menos era previsible un fenómeno de estas características. El coronavirus COVID-19 todavía sigue provocando muerte y contagios severos, estimándose que hasta el momento ha ocasionado cerca de 5,13 millones de fallecidos y 254,847 millones de casos (World Health Organization, noviembre de 2021). Su cronología es fácilmente detectable en sociedades informacionales como la nuestra. En diciembre de 2019 se tuvo conocimiento de un agrupamiento de casos de neumonía en la ciudad china de Wuhan que se trató de silenciar por sus efectos desproporcionados y hasta sospechosos. El 7 de enero de 2020, las autoridades chinas identificaron como agente causante del brote un nuevo virus de la familia coronaviridae que posteriormente fue denominado SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). La enfermedad causada por este nuevo virus que se trasmite por microgotas y por el aire posee el rasgo de presentar unas altas tasas de supervivencia en casi todas las superficies y por un tiempo récord, además de no verse afectada por los cambios térmicos.
Significance of TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B in Middle Ear Cholesteatoma of Children and Adults
Authors: Tang Susu , Ye Mingyuan , Liu Zhao , Yang Jing , Zheng Zhenlin , Liu Qianxu
Published: February 2025

Middle ear cholesteatoma is a common ear disease with different manifestations and pathological mechanisms in children and adults.Middle ear cholesteatoma is more severe in children than adults. We aimed to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (TNFRSF11B) and analyze the difference in ear bone destruction in middle ear cholesteatoma in children and adults.Through the comprehensive analysis of related studies, the mechanism of its action in the progression of the disease was expounded, and the theoretical basis for clinical treatment was provided. A total of 18 children and 32 adults with middle ear cholesteatomas were examined. The degree of bone destruction was observed. TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B expressions in the cholesteatoma and normal external auditory canal skin were detected by immunohistochemistry. Bone destruction was more severe in children with middle ear cholesteatoma. TNFSF11 expression in cholesteatoma was significantly higher in children than adults, whereas expression in external auditory canal skin was not significantly different between groups. Expression of TNFRSF11B in cholesteatoma and external auditory canal skin was not significantly different between children and adults. In children and adults, TNFSF11 in cholesteatomas was not correlated with TNFRSF11B. TNFSF11 expression was positively correlated with the degree of ear bone destruction, unlike TNFRSF11B. TNFSF11 expression in children with cholesteatoma is higher than adults and is involved in the molecular biological mechanism underlying its destructive nature. These findings will help us develop better treatments.
Enhancing Agricultural Research and Development for Sustainable Growth in Canada
Authors: Gulab Sabrina , Lhermie Guillaume
Published: February 2025

The Canadian agriculture and food sector is an essential contributor to the national economy, providing food for domestic consumption and playing a pivotal role in global food security. However, the sector is increasingly challenged by environmental pressures, including carbon emissions, water scarcity, and biodiversity loss. In response, Canada aims to promote eco-friendly practices, increase food security, improve productivity, and ensure the long-term viability and competitiveness of the agriculture sector. Despite substantial investments in agricultural research and development (R&D), there remains a lack of comprehensive tracking and alignment between public and private sector funding. This report provides a detailed analysis of R&D funding trends, identifies key research priorities, and makes recommendations to enhance Canada’s agricultural R&D ecosystem for greater sustainability, productivity, and competitiveness.
Screening Kesehatan (Gigi, Mulut, Mata, Telingga) Pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ristanto Riki , Kunto Adi Patria Dion
Published: February 2025

Habits such as eating patterns, personal hygiene, and unhealthy snacking can affect students' health at school. To prevent these risks, health screening becomes an important step. ITSK RS Dr. Soepraoen Malang organized a health screening at SDN Dusun Sumber Bendo, Kucur Village, Dau District, Malang Regency, to detect issues with students' teeth, mouth, eyes, and ears.
The activity was carried out in several stages. During the preparation phase, the community service team obtained permits from LPPM ITSK Soepraoen and the Head of SDN 9 Dusun Sumber Bendo. The team then divided tasks into two groups: one arranged the activity location, while the other prepared logistics, including borrowing equipment from the DIII Nursing Program laboratory and providing stationery and refreshments. The activity took place on May 11, 2024, and involved three groups: student guidance, administration, and screening. The guidance group managed the activity flow, the administration group recorded students' data, and the screening group conducted examinations at six stations. A total of 55 students from grade 1 of SDN 9 Dusun Sumber Bendo participated, from 08:00 to 11:00 WIB.
The health screening results showed that only the tongue examination had a 100% normal result. The majority of students had cavities (51%) and caries (35%), with the highest cases found among female students (56%). For tonsil health, two students in grade 5 (4%) had tonsillitis. The eye examination revealed that 12 students (22%) had myopia, and 2 students (4%) had partial color blindness. Ear examinations often showed the presence of little (38%) or a lot of earwax (35%), with higher numbers in female students.
These issues highlight the need for increased attention to dental and ear health, with education and routine examinations that can help prevent health problems that may impact children's learning process.
Optimalisasi Pelayanan Distribusi Obat Premedikasi Pasien Onkologi Di Ruang Perawatan Kemoterapi
Authors: Ambarika Rahmania , Rahmi Dianita
Published: February 2025

Ineffective communication between pharmacy staff and nurses during the handover process of premedication drugs at the Oncology Pharmacy Depot of RSUD Provinsi NTB often causes discomfort for patients and their families. This issue impacts the efficiency of drug distribution services, requiring strategic solutions. This study aims to analyze the factors contributing to the suboptimal distribution of premedication drugs, develop Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and devise strategies to improve the quality of drug distribution services for chemotherapy patients.
Methodology: The approach used was a SWOT analysis to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in premedication drug distribution services. The WO (Weakness-Opportunity) strategy was selected to address internal weaknesses by utilizing external opportunities, such as implementing socialization programs and strengthening monitoring and evaluation efforts.
The development of SOPs related to premedication drug distribution, the creation of a premedication drug handover logbook, and the implementation of socialization programs for pharmacy staff and nurses have significantly improved coordination among personnel. These measures contributed to a reduction in patient complaints regarding delays in drug distribution and enhanced service efficiency.
The implementation of SOPs, a handover logbook, and socialization programs are effective steps in improving the quality of premedication drug distribution services in oncology wards. This intervention is expected to serve as a model for application in other pharmacy installations to enhance the quality of pharmacy services.
The Role of AI tools and Literature in Understanding Leadership Styles and Social Change in Business Management
Authors:   Research scholor  SKIM(Sri Krishna Devaraya Institute of Management)  Sri Krishna Devaraya University, viharika Mandla padma
Published: February 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and literature play a transformative role in understanding leadership styles and their impact on social change within business management. This study explores the intersection of AI-driven analytics and scholarly contributions in shaping leadership theories, decision-making processes, and social transformations. AI-based tools such as sentiment analysis, machine learning models, and natural language processing enable business leaders to adapt to dynamic environments while fostering inclusivity, ethical leadership, and sustainable development. The research delves into the implications of AI-assisted leadership assessments, predictive analytics, and evidence-based decision-making to drive organizational success. Additionally, literature reviews on leadership paradigms highlight the evolution of traditional, transformational, and servant leadership styles in response to global socio-economic shifts. This study underscores the necessity of integrating AI tools with leadership research to enhance strategic thinking, employee engagement, and adaptability in contemporary business landscapes. The findings contribute to the broader discourse on leadership's role in driving corporate responsibility and social impact, emphasizing AI’s capacity to refine leadership models and promote innovation.

Keywords
Artificial Intelligence, Leadership Styles, Business Management, Social Change, Decision-Making, Organizational Success
Exploring nursing students’ awareness, utilization, and satisfaction with barangay health services in the Philippines: Implications for public health and technological advancements in healthcare delivery
Authors: Chan Natasha Kay V. , Trajera Sheilla M. , Ching Gregory S.
Published: February 2025

This study explores nursing students’ awareness, utilization, and satisfaction with Barangay Health Services in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. A barangay, the smallest administrative unit in the country, functions as a neighborhood or village providing essential public health services. The objective was to assess how demographic factors influenced students’ interaction with health services such as childhood immunizations, prenatal and postnatal care, and affordable medicine programs. A cross-sectional design was employed, using a structured survey to gather data from 240 nursing students across different year levels. Statistical analysis using Chi-square tests revealed that while nearly 90% of students were aware of these services, less than 20% regularly used them, indicating a significant gap between awareness and actual utilization. The study found that gender and marital status were significant factors influencing the utilization of maternal healthcare services, and year level was associated with increased infant vaccination. The findings underscore the need for improved strategies to enhance access to and utilization of Barangay Health Services. This research suggests that technological advancements and interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare providers and educators could bridge the gap between awareness and utilization, ensuring more effective healthcare delivery and improved public health outcomes, especially in resource-constrained settings.
PR350-224502-R02 Managing Longitudinal Stresses from Uneven Support and Settlement
Authors: Jia Dan , Wang Yong-Yi , Warman Dave , Wang Alex
Published: February 2025

High longitudinal stresses in pipelines can be a major contributor to failures of girth welds and circumferentially oriented flaws. These high stresses are frequently associated with construction and maintenance activities, such as excavation and backfill in new construction, pipe replacement, and integrity digs. There are currently no industry-wide guidelines for the management of construction- and maintenance-related stresses. The objective of this project is to develop such guidelines by extracting and streamlining the best practices from pipeline operators and other sources. Evidence collected in this project suggests that settlement after excavation and backfill can be a major source of high longitudinal/axial stresses. Crossings and locations near a body of water are particularly susceptible to such settlement-induced high longitudinal/axial stresses. The review of 675-mile ILI IMU reported strain features suggests, even without or with minimum geohazards, locations with longitudinal/axial strain exceeding that corresponding to 90%SMYS (ASME B31.4 and B31.8 design limit for most pipelines) are not rare, occurring at frequency of approximately 1.5 instances per mile. Excavation and backfill practices were reviewed through a targeted survey of project team members and direct communication with other SMEs identified by the project team members. General guidelines have been developed for (1) supporting the unsupported pipeline segments during excavation, (2) excavation, (3) backfill and compaction. When implemented, these guidelines will likely lead to reduced longitudinal/axial stresses. It is also recognized, however, that more specific procedures may be needed for pipeline sections that are within a deep overly excavated section (i.e., such as crossings and locations near bodies of water).
Potentiële conflictbronnen tussen ouders en schoolteam in het speciaal onderwijs
Authors: Steenberghe-Blokpoel Lot
Published: February 2025

Potential sources of conflicts between parents and teachers in special education

Special education for mentally and physically handicapped children is a potential source of conflict between parents and school teachers/school team. Recommendations are given to better manage this type of conflicts, inter alia through mediation.
An anthropologist’s approach to mediation
Authors: Golbert Rebecca
Published: February 2025

An anthropologist’s approach tot mediation

After a brief analysis of concepts of culture, conflict and conflict resolution, this contribution discusses how mediation and its practices are perceived in different cultures and countries. It appears that mediation is one of the most common forms of conflict resolution applied across a diverse range of cultures. In this respect, the author raises the question whether this also implies that there is a shared understanding of what mediation is or should be.
Mediation via het Juridisch Loket
Authors: Schrijber-Leloux Vivian
Published: February 2025

Mediation through the Legal Service Counter

The Legal Service Counter is an independent foundation providing free legal information and advice to Dutch citizens. When a client approaches the Legal Service Counter about a conflict with another party, it will inform the client about mediation. If the client is interested in mediation, three important issues will be discussed: 1. What is the status of the conflict? Has it already escalated or are the parties still on speaking terms? 2. Is negotiation possible and is the client prepared to negotiate? 3. What are the interests of both parties? If, after discussing these issues, the client is still interested in solving his conflict through mediation, the Legal Service Counter will contact the other party to discuss the situation from his point of view. When both parties agree to mediation, the Legal Service Counter will assist them in selecting a mediator. However, the intervention of the Legal Service Office as such sometimes already may suffice to improve the communication between and the ability of parties to solve their problems themselves.
The relationship between arbitrators and the administrative and judicial organs of the EU
Authors: Kolber Joanna
Published: February 2025

The relationship between arbitrators and the administrative and judicial organs of the EU

Arbitration cases involving EC competition law may create difficulties for arbitrators with regard to their attitude towards the EU organs. The article discusses aspects of this relationship. The article specifically evaluates the (non-)application in arbitration of the regime for EC Commission’s relationship with member states’ courts as well as the EC Commission’s role as a third party in arbitrations. The article then analyses circumstances of the possible co-operation of arbitrators with the EC Commission and the conditions for its smooth running. The article subsequently looks at the effects of the Commission’s decisions on arbitration as well as the effects of the arbitral awards on the Commission. The article considers the lack of a relationship between arbitrators and the European Court of Justice in light of the Court’s jurisprudence, and the relevance of the Court’s jurisprudence for particular arbitrations.
Plattelandsjongen in de grote stad: mijn ervaringen als buurtbemiddelaar
Authors: van den Boogaard Mark
Published: February 2025

Country boy in the city, my experiences as a community-mediator

My interest in mediation had been aroused when I – then a local government official – became involved in a conciliation between farmers and local residents in a dispute about cutting down trees. This experience made me decide to start working as a community-mediator in the city of Eindhoven. For a person with an agricultural background like me is community-mediating in a large city quite an adventure. You have to deal with social problems you are not familiar with, for instance because city dwellers may have other standards and values. Uncovering these standards and values and especially naming the feelings involved is essential for the communication between quarrelling neighbours, the first step towards normal mutual relations.
Penggunaan Metode Story Telling Guru Sekolah Minggu Dalam Pemahaman Alkitab Pada Anak usia 3-6 Tahun
Authors: Putri Octaviani
Published: February 2025

This research discusses the effect of the storytelling method conducted by Sunday School teachers on the understanding of the Bible in children aged 3-6 years.  The decline of attitude in early childhood is a cause for concern. This decline in attitude is caused by one of the problems, namely the lack of understanding of the Bible. The lack of teaching the Bible to children from an early age is a matter of concern. The storytelling method is a learning approach that prioritizes narratives or stories as the main medium in the religious learning process. Through interesting and interactive narratives, this method aims to increase children's understanding, engagement, creativity, and cognition, as well as forming positive attitudes towards religion and transferring moral values. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach by collecting data from various literature sources related to the research topic. Data analysis was conducted systematically using a qualitative approach to generate new insights that can increase understanding of existing knowledge. The results showed that the storytelling method had a significant impact in several aspects. Firstly, it increases children's engagement in religious learning, allowing them to be actively involved and building a strong interest in the Bible. Second, it influences the growth of children's positive attitude towards religion, positively shaping their character and morality. Third, the storytelling method facilitates a deeper understanding of the Bible, allowing children to internalize the spiritual and moral values contained in the Bible stories. Fourth, it helps in the development of children's language and cognitive skills, enriching their learning experience. Fifth, the storytelling method facilitates the transfer of moral values, allowing children to understand moral concepts and develop attitudes that are in line with religious teachings. So, the storytelling method practiced by Sunday School teachers has a significant impact on the understanding of the Bible in children aged 3-6 years. This approach is not just about transferring knowledge, but also about shaping the child's character, morality and attitude towards religion. Therefore, it is important for religious educators to consider using the storytelling method in Bible learning for pre-school children in Sunday school.
Implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan dan Chatbot dalam Konseling Pastoral: Potensi dan Tantangan
Authors: Kinoto Christian  , Daryanto Daryanto
Published: February 2025

This study explores the opportunities and threats of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots in pastoral church/Christian community counseling. With the rapid progression of technology, AI has the potential to influence various aspects of life, including pastoral counseling. The key opportunities highlighted include improved accessibility of pastoral counseling, consistent support, and advancement in data analysis. However, there are also threats related to AI and chatbot implementation, such as the lack of 'human touch' in counseling, data privacy challenges, and potential misinterpretation by AI. This study provides an overall perspective of AI and chatbots, references several case studies where this technology has been implemented in similar contexts and focuses on potential risks and benefits. The research aims to understand how the future of pastoral counseling could be influenced by AI and chatbot implementation and stimulate dialogue on how the church could respond to this technological development.
Strategi Penggunaan Media Digital dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum PAK untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Siswa
Authors: Oktavianus Rangga  , Dyulius Thomas Bilo
Published: February 2025

Previous research shows that digital learning media can increase student learning motivation, facilitate interaction between teachers and students, and encourage educational innovation. Student participation in the learning process is a key factor in improving the quality of learning. In the context of PAK, student participation can be measured through their level of involvement in discussions, assignments and other activities related to the lesson material. In this paper, the method applied by the author is a qualitative descriptive method with a focus on literature study. where books and other literature are the main focus of his research. Teachers play an important role in integrating digital media in the development of the PAK curriculum. Digital media technology that can be used in developing the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum includes various types of tools and platforms that can improve the quality of learning. The use of digital media in developing the PAK curriculum has shown a significant increase in student participation. Canva is a graphic design tool that allows users to design creative designs online. This is a graphic design platform that can be used to create various types of graphics for social media, presentations, posters, documents and other visual content. Guru also makes it easy to create teaching materials and create Bible text games or create Bible verse quizzes. Even though there are several weaknesses that must be taken into account, this is not a problem that cannot be resolved by presenting material interactively and responsively. Therefore, the use of information technology or digital media is very influential in improving the quality of student learning.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Pembelajaran Pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Peserta Didik di SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Betty Lusiana Debataraja  , Robinhot Sihombing  , Erika Christine Panggabean  , Justice ZZ Panggabean  , Ruslan Juliana Pardosi
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of learning media in mathematics subjects on the learning activity of students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is quantitative with an inferential statistical approach. The population is all class IX students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan in 2024 totaling 68 people and a sample of 44 people was determined, namely 20% of the total population using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 30 items. The results of data analysis show that learning media has a positive and significant effect on students' active learning at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan. Test the analysis requirements in this research using the normality test which obtained the Asymp value. signature. (2-tailed) is 0.200, meaning it is greater than 0.05 (0.200 > 0.05) so it can be concluded that the research data is normally distributed. The results of the correlation test show that there is a positive relationship between variable Apart from that, the significant relationship test obtained a value of tcount= 0.629 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=42)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. The hypothesis was tested through a regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂=5.255+0.773X and the regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 39.5%.  Testing the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable, namely 27.470 > 4.08. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that learning media has a positive and significant effect on the active learning of class XI students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan in 2024.
Hubungan Kompetensi Kepribadian Guru Pak Dengan Tingkah Laku Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti Tahun Pelajaran 2024/2025
Authors: Risma Darma Ulima Banurea  , Wilson Simanjuntak  , Baginda Sitompul  , Oktober Tua Aritonang  , Lasmaria Lumbantobing
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is to find out the positive and significant relationship between the personality competence of PAK teachers and the behavior of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality competence of PAK teachers and the behavior of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year. The method used in this study is an inferential descriptive quantitative method. The population is all Christian students in grade VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year totaling 219 people and a sample of 55 people is determined, namely 25% of the population using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected with a positive closed questionnaire of 76 items, namely 46 items for variable X and 30 items for variable Y. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between the personality competence of PAK teachers and the behavior of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti for the 2024/2025 academic year as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0,544 > r table (=0,05,n=55) = 0,226 is in the medium category, thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) A significant relationship test obtained a thitung= 4,720 > ttabel(=0,05,dk=n-2=52)= 2,000 thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. So Ha who said that there is a positive and significant relationship between the personality competence of PAK teachers and the behavior of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Laguboti Year The 2024/2025 lessons are accepted.
Teknik Permainan Mangenet pada Instrumen Tradisional Sulim Batak Toba dalam Mengiringi Lagu BE.683 di AdopanMu Jesus di Gereja HKBP Bahalbatu I.
Authors: G. A. Ebenezer L. Toruan  , Eben Haezarni Telaumbanua  , Testi Bazarni Zebua  , Roy J. M. Hutagalung  , Aprinaldi P Simorangkir
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to find out game techniques mangenet on the traditional Sulim Batak Toba instrument to accompany the song BE.683 "Di AdopanMu Jesus" at HKBP Bahalbatu I. Sulim is a traditional Batak Toba musical instrument, Sulim is made from bamboo, the Sulim instrument is blown from the side or is called a side blown flute. The Sulim instrument has been widely used in church services, especially in the HKBP Bahalbati I church. The Sulim instrument has been used to accompany worship services. especially in accompanying the song from BE .683 "In Your Adopan Jesus. This song is played at a larghetto tempo with a tempo of 65 BPM. This song was created by Hugo Nyberg in 1873 with the title "For jesus milda ogon" which was later translated into Toba Batak language by Rev. J.A.U. Doloksaribu and Rev. MV. Simajuntak. Meanwhile, the technique used in performing this song is the mangenet technique with the Sulim Batak Toba instrument. In this technique, the researcher combines the trial, slur, crescendo, descrecendo techniques to produce the mangenet playing technique on the sulim instrument and then the author combines this technique with the ambush or blowing technique, breathing technique, fingering technique and holding the sulim instrument.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Minat Belajar Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula Kecamatan Sianjur Mulamula Kabupaten Samosir Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Rame Febrianti Simanullang  , Binur Panjaitan  , Oktober Tua Aritonang  , Lince Sihombing  , Wilson Simanjuntak
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this research is to find out whether there is an influence of the Discovery Learning Learning Model on Interest in Learning Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method used in this research is a quantitative method with a pre-experimental research type with a "One Group Pretest-Posttest Design" design. The population is all students in class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year who are Protestant Christians, totaling 140 people and a sample of 32 people was determined using purposive sampling. Data was collected using a closed questionnaire with 20 items. The results of data analysis show that there is a significant influence of the discovery learning learning model on students' interest in learning in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 1 Sianjur Mulamula, Sianjur Mulamula District, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024, proven by the significant test obtained by the value tcount > ttable (α=0.05; dk=n-1=31) which is 7.809 > 2.042, thus there is a significant influence between variable X and variable Y. Thus H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
Aransemen Lagu Buku Ende No. 741 “Nang Ro Pe Haba-haba I” Menggunakan Aplikasi Sibelius dalam Iringan Ibadah di Gereja HKBP Siabal abal Resort Sipahutar
Authors: Epsan Harianja  , Monang Asi Sianturi  , Roy J. M. Hutagalung
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research is to find out how the song "Nang Ro Pe Haba-haba I" is arranged using the concept of using the Sibelius application and to increase the insight of the writer and especially church musicians who are learning to deepen the principles of arrangement. Arrangement is the activity of rewriting an existing piece of music or work to use an instrument or voice in harmony or addition to the original work, which is made to beautify the work. Currently, musicians, including church musicians, also arrange current church songs. The young musicians dared to create something new in their musical performance by arranging the church song by adding a variety of creative accompaniments. This arrangement refers to a church music arrangement taken from the song Buku Ende HKBP No. 741 “Nang Ro Pe Haba-haba I”. This song is played with a Moderato tempo or around 104 BPM. This song was created by Vernon J. Charlesworth with the title The Lord's Our Rock, in Him we hide which was later translated into Indonesian Batak by Bonaria Hutabarat. Meanwhile, the form of arrangement presented leads to mixed ensemble music playing using the music application, namely Sibelius. The Sibelius application is a music application that is used to create song scores, arrange songs and there are several other features to make it easier for musicians to express their works. In this research, the author used the Sibelius application to arrange church songs to accompany worship. This research was conducted at the HKBP Siabal Abal Ressort Sipahutar church with the aim of motivating the church music players to be more enthusiastic in accompanying worship at the church. The author presents the results of the arrangement using audio-visual media.
Pengembangan Model Hybrid Learning pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Kelas VIII SMP Negeri di Indonesia Tahun Pembelajaran 2024/2025
Authors: Juwita Tiara Agista Gulo  , Hasudungan Simatupang  , Betty A.S Pakpahan  , Lince Sihombing  , Tahadodo Waruwu
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to develop and produce hybrid learning in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII of Junior High Schools in Indonesia in the odd semester of the Independent Curriculum. This study uses a development method with the ADDIE approach model. The study was conducted at SMP Negeri 2 Pollung. Data collection used a validation questionnaire and a response questionnaire. The validation questionnaire was used for validator lecturers who are media experts, design experts, material experts, and language experts. The response questionnaire was used for PAK teachers of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Pollung and students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Pollung totaling 24 people for small groups and 66 people for large groups. The data analysis techniques used in this study were qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study are in the form of hybrid learning media products using PowerPoint in the subject of Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII of SMP in the Odd Semester of the Independent Curriculum. The results of the study indicate that the products made are valid and suitable to be used as learning media. The assessment is based on validation experts, teachers, and students, namely media experts obtained an assessment percentage of 100% (very valid), design experts 96% (very valid), material experts 100% (very valid), language experts 100% (very valid), PAK teachers 100% (very valid), and finally students in small and large groups obtained an average percentage of 100% (very good).
Pengaruh Kompetensi Profesional Guru PAK terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong Tahun Pembelajaran 2024/2025
Authors: Rosverawati Batubara  , Sudirman Lase  , Maria Widiastuti  , Hasudungan Simatupang  , Rusmauli Simbolon
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant influence of the professional competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025. The method used in this study is the quantitative inferential statistical method. The population is all Christian students of class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025 totaling 254 people and a sample of 48 people is determined, which is 20% of the population using random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a positive closed questionnaire of 35 items, namely 15 items for variable X and 20 items for variable Y. The results of the data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the professional competence of PAK teachers on the learning motivation of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong 2024/2025 as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) a positive relationship test obtained a value of rxy = 0.618> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 48) = 0.284 thus it is known that there is a positive relationship between variable X and variable Y. 2) A significant relationship test obtained a value of tcount = 5.330> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 46) = 2.021 thus there is a significant influence between variable X and variable Y. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, the regression equation Y ̂="22.50" + 0.82X was obtained. b) Test of regression determination coefficient (r2) = 38.2%. Thus Ha is accepted and H0
Adult patients in the emergency department with sepsis or suspected serious infection: Which patients should have blood cultures ordered?
Authors: Gamazo del Río Julio Javier , López Izquierdo Raúl , Delgado Cárdenas Gema , Estella Ángel , García Dario Eduardo , Julián-Jiménez Agustín
Published: February 2025

En la actualidad, continan existiendo demasiadas controversias en relacin a la obtencin adecuada de hemocultivos
(HC) en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH). Y la pregunta ¿a qué pacientes adultos debemos extraer HC en
el SUH? no está resuelta ni consensuada. En este escenario, la identificación desde los SUH de los pacientes con riesgo
de bacteriemia verdadera (BV) es crucial: una bacteriemia no tratada puede evolucionar a estadíos más graves como
el shock séptico y aumentar la mortalidad del enfermo. El objetivo principal de este artículo especial es revisar la evidencia científica disponible entre la población adulta atendida en los SUH con sospecha de sepsis o infección grave
para intentar definir a qué pacientes se les debería extraer HC en el SUH, por el impacto que un aislamiento microbiológico representaría para su pronóstico, evolución y mortalidad. Y, tras ello, elaborar distintas recomendaciones
consensuadas por parte de los autores sobre la indicación de obtener HC en los pacientes con infección grave y sepsis en los SUH.
Thoughts on The Art of Famous Doyra Players
Authors:   Teacher of the Musical Pedagogy, Uzbekistan State Conservatory, Uzbekistan, Farhod Turekhanov
Published: February 2025

This article provides an in-depth overview of Usta Olim Komilov's contributions to Uzbek performing arts, particularly in the fields of doyra playing and traditional dance. It highlights his early career with the ethnographic ensemble led by Mukhiddin Qori Yoqubov and his collaborations with renowned artists such as Tamaraxonim, Tokhtasin Jalilov, and Abduqodir Ismoilov. The article emphasizes his role in preserving and systematizing centuries-old doyra techniques, culminating in the publication of the Doyra Darsi (Doyra Lesson) method book in 1982.
إبادة القانون الدولي الانساني في غزة وتداعياتها
Authors: الكحيل نادين مصطفى
Published: February 2025

شكلت الحروب والصراعات والنزاعات المسلحة على مر العصور تهديداً مباشراً للأمن الانساني، والذي طال جميع نواحي الحياة والتي باتت تمثل تحدياً على الامن البيئي والغذائي على حد سواء. فمفهوم الأمن الإنساني يشمل حماية الأفراد من كل ما يهدد أمنهم، سواء تمثل فى ظروف الفقر، أو الحرمان الاقتصادي، أو الحماية من الحروب والنزاعات المسلحة.
ففي ظل التطور التكنولوجي أصبحت صناعة الاسلحة أكثر فتكاً، على الرغم من ان القوانين الدولية تحظر استخدام بعض الاسلحة، كما ينص القانون الدولي الانساني  (قانون الحرب) واتفاقيات جنيف الاربع على حماية المدنيين وعدم استهداف المستشفيات والاطقم الطبية...
وبالعودة الى الواقع، تبرز الحرب الاسرائيلية الهمجية على غزة، التي فتكت بجميع مقومات الحياة عبر قصف جميع الاماكن المحظورة من مستشفيات وسيارات الاسعاف والاطقم الطبية والصحفية وشاحنات الاغاثة، وقطع امدادات المياه والكهرباء، بالاضافة الى استخدام اسلحة محرمة دولياً، أمام شلل أممي ودولي عن تطبيق قانون الحرب وردع هذه الجرائم، ووقف الابادة الجماعية في غزة.
فالانتهاكات الاسرائيلية طالت جميع نواحي الحقوق الانسانية، بقصف المناطق التي اعلنتها آمنة، مما خلف آثار كارثية من نقص في المواد الغذائية التي تحولت الى (مجاعة انسانية) اسفرت عن فقدان العديد من الاطفال لحياتهم، بالاضافة الى الملاجىء والخيام المكتظة والظروف الصحية المأساوية مع تدفق مياه الصرف الصحي التي ادت لتفشي الاوبئة والامراض.
لقد شكلت أحداث 7 اكتوبر 2023  وما تلتها تحولاً دراماتيكياً على الامن الانساني في غزة، بالانتقال من الابادة الجماعية الى المجاعة الانسانية.
ففي ظل الواقع المرير الذي يعيشه الفلسطينييون في أرض محتلة من قبل الاسرائيليون، تبقى الاشكالية الاساسية التي تطرح:كيف يمكن ضمان الامن الانساني وحماية المدنيين في ظل تعطيل وتجميد قانون الحرب؟ ومن يقع عليه تطبيق القانون الدولي الانساني في ظل حماية دولية للمعتدي واستنسابية في حماية المدنيين وتداعياتها؟
الأمن الإنساني في السودان: الواقع والتحديات
Authors: محمد حسام حرجان عجاج , مال الله سيف لطيف
Published: February 2025

يعد موضوع الأمن الإنساني في السودان الواقع والتحديات من الموضوعات التي لم يسلط عليها الضوء كما ينبغي، لذا جاءت هذه الدراسة لبيان طبيعة الأمن الإنساني في السودان، بدأ بواقع الأمن الإنساني وتتبع مراحله على مختلف الحقب التاريخية منذ استقلال السودان عام 1956 وحتى العام 2024 ، فضلاً عن التحديات الداخلية التي تمحورت حول نقص الحاجات الأساسية واستمرار التضخم وارتفاع أسعار السلع الأساسية ، التي أثرت بدورها على قدرة الحكومة السودانية على توفير الخدمات للمواطنين، فضلاً عن التحديات البيئية التي لا تزال مستمرة كالجفاف والتصحر وانعدام الأمن الغذائي ، إضافةً الى قلة الاهتمام بالثروة النباتية والحيوانية وتعرض البلاد للفيضانات والسيول بين الحين والآخر، علاوةً على ارتفاع معدلات انتشار الأمراض لاسيما الإيدز في ولاية النيل الأزرق ، الى جانب التحديات الأمنية التي تضمنت استمرار الصراعات المسلحة خاصةً في دارفور والخرطوم والنيل الأزرق ، اما فيما يخص التحديات الخارجية ، فقد ركزت على تسييس المساعدات الإنسانية عبر قيام العديد من المنظمات الدولية بالانحياز الى أحد أطراف الصراع ، أضف الى ذلك ، الهجرة غير الشرعية وانعكاساتها على الأمن المجتمعي والإنساني، علاوةً على وسطات الدول والمنظمات والتي لم تكن جادة في حل الصراع ،وأخيراً التدخلات الخارجية للقوى الإقليمية والدولية لاسيما الولايات المتحدة والصين وروسيا والتي ساهمت في تفاقم الأزمات واستمرار ظاهرة عدم الاستقرار السياسي والانقلابات العسكرية في البلاد
التغير المناخي وأثره على الأمن الإنساني
Authors: نوري شهد عادل صبحي
Published: February 2025

يعد التغير المناخي أحد المصادر غير التقليدية التي تمثل تهديدا حقيقيا للأمن الوطني للدول وكذلك تهديدا للسلم والأمن الدوليين، إضافة إلى المصادر التقليدية مثل الحروب بين الدول والنزاعات المسلحة والحروب الأهلية داخل الدول والإرهاب وانتشار الأسلحة النووية، فضحايا التغيرات المناخية أضحت تفوق ضحايا الحروب والنزاعات، كما أنها تهدد كل الدول والشعوب على عكس النزاعات التي تهدد الدول التي تندلع فيها فقط ويمكن اعتبار التغير المناخي تهديدا للأمن الوطني. وتعد قضية المناخ من أهم القضايا التي تشغل العالم في الآونة الأخيرة و تنبع أهمية هذه القضية من ان التغيرات المناخية هي أحد اهم التحديات التي توثر على مستقبل الكرة الأرضية وبالتالي الأمن الإنساني اصبح من الصعب ان يتحقق في ظل ما يشهده المناخ من تغيرات وارتفاع في نسبة غاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون والذي يؤدي بدوره إلى العديد من الامراض التي تصيب الانسان مثل امراض القلب والأوعية الدموية والعديد من الامراض النفسية ولكن لا يمكننا انكار ان المتسبب الرئيسي في وجود هذه الظاهرة هو الانسان أيضا حيث ان ما يفعله من أنشطة بشرية مضرة للبيئة واستخدام للطاقة غير المتجددة و قطع أشجار الغابات و استبدال المساحات المزروعة بأراضي للبناء كل هذه الأفعال وعلى فترة زمنية طويلة الاجل كانت سبباً في بروز هذه القضية في الوقت الحالي، فدرجات الحرارة مازالت ترتفع بدرجة كبيرة وهذا سيكون سبباً في حدوث العديد من المشكلات والكوارث مثل الفيضانات، ارتفاع مستوي سطح البحر، موجات الحر الشديدة حيث انه من المحتمل في ظل هذا التغير ان تختفي مدناً كاملة وهنا نكمن خطورة هذه القضية كما انها تعمل على فقدان التنوع البيولوجي.
أثر الحروب والصراعات الدولية على وحدة الأسر في المجتمعات الإسلامية
Authors: المفرجي افراح حميد عبد حسن
Published: February 2025

تُعد دراستنا هذه إحدى أهم الدراسات التي تناولت أهمية قضية من قضايا المجتمع الا وهي أثر الحروب على واقع الأسر فكما نعلم أن الدولة العربية والاسلامية مرت بسلسلة من الحروب منذ وفاة نبي الأمة محمد بن عبد الله (عليه وعلى آله الصلاة والسلام) مرورا بالعصر الراشدي، والأموي، والعباسي... الحرب العالمية الأولى والثانية مرورا بالحروب التي حصلت في القرن العشرين والواحد والعشرين ….الخ الى يومنا هذا حيث تعرض للوطن العربي والإسلامي إلى العديد من الاحتلال وما نتج عنه من تدمير البنى التحتية للبلد وعن تأثيرها على واقع الأسر ومن خلال ذلك ارتأينا أن نسلط الضوء على التأثيرات التي تتركها الحروب والصراعات الدولية على مختلف الجوانب سواء كانت تأثيراتها على الجانب الاقتصادي والاجتماعي والصحي والتعليمي والديني وحتى النفسية وما تحمله الحروب من تأثيرات خطيرة على الاسرة لاسيما وان علمنا ان الأسرة هي نواة المجتمع فهي صمام الأمان فالحروب غالباً ما تنتج الدمار في البنى التحتية لبلدٍ ما وتجلبُ معها الافكار والمشاريع المناهضة لذلك البلد وبالتالي سوف يتم تعرض المجتمعِ الى ازمة فعلية تُهدد أمن واستقرار الأسر مما ينتج عنها تفكيك وحدة الأسر لاسيما في المجتمعات الاسلامية وخلق حالة من الانحلال والفوضى العارمة وبالتالي تؤثر بشكل سلبي على الجانب الأسري.