bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Conversation between Evelyne Grossman & Jacob Rogozinski & : Deleuze, reader of Artaud – Artaud, reader of Deleuze
Authors: Grossman Evelyne , Rogozinski Jacob
Published: July 2019

A translation of a dialogue between Evelyne Grossman and Jacob Rogozinski on Artaud, Deleuze, and the status of the ego.
Izbira stanovanjske lokacije ter vloga mobilnosti, družbenogospodarskih dejavnikov in namenske rabe prostora v pakistanskem mestu Hafizabad
Authors: ASLAM Atif Bilal , MASOUMI Houshmand E. , NAEEM Nida , AHMAD Mohammad
Published: July 2019

Izbira stanovanjske lokacije v državah v razvoju in njena povezava z mestnim prevozom sta slabo raziskani in ne povsem dobro razumljeni, vrzel v poznavanju razmer pa je še večja v primeru malih mest v teh državah. Avtorji v članku proučujejo pakistansko mesto Hafizabad, pri čemer je njihov cilj zagotoviti podatke za prihodnje kvantitativne analize, ki bodo zajele izbire stanovanjskih lokacij v malih mestih na indijski podcelini. Avtorji so anketirali 365 prebivalcev štirih sosesk v mestu, v katerih živi skupno 19.042 ljudi. Anketi se je odzvalo 1,92 % posameznikov in 12,65 % gospodinjstev, pri čemer je bila stopnja zaupanja pri odgovorih prvih ±5,08 %, pri drugih pa ±4,79 %. Izsledki kažejo, da sta razpoložljivost komunalne infrastrukture ali storitev ter dostopna cena najpomembnejša dejavnika, ki vplivata na odločitve prebivalcev, da se preselijo. Takoj za njima so dejavniki, povezani s prevozom, dostopnostjo in družbenimi vprašanji, kot je bližina službe in sorodnikov. Vloga prevoza pri izbiri stanovanjske lokacije je v Hafizabadu manj pomembna kot v državah z visokimi dohodki. Ta ugotovitev kaže, kako lahko oblika mest vpliva na potovalne navade prebivalcev in da so manjša mesta bolj strnjena in hodljiva, saj približno 40 % ljudi v službo hodi peš. Ugotovitve raziskave lahko pristojnim vladnim organizacijam pomagajo učinkovito oblikovati politiko za mala mesta, saj politika, ki se uporablja v velemestih, zanje morda ni najprimernejša.
Reference and Multimodality: analysis of the construction of reference in advertisements for vehicles
Authors: Da Silva Luciene Helena , De Sousa Maria Margarete Fernandes
Published: July 2019

The objective of this article is to analyze the construction of the referent “vehicle” in advertisements, proposing an interface between Referencing and Multimodality. For this, it follows the sociocognitive-discursive approach of Referencing (CAVALCANTE, 2011, 2012, 2015; KOCH, 2004, 2015) and uses, as a foundation on Multimodality, the Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) Grammar of Visual Design (GVD). It analyzes, through the compositional metafunction, formed by the subcategories value of information, salience and framing, the referential construction in four advertisements for vehicles. Considering the analyzes carried out, it concludes that the categories salience and framing occur in a complementary way in the construction of the Referent, becoming, in a way, redundant, because what is arranged in the image as a disconnected element and therefore functioning independently, coincides with what is evidenced, placed in a prominent position, most of the time, centralized in the image. Specifically, regarding the analyzed discursive genre, it concludes that the referent “vehicle” is the nucleus of visual information, confirmed by the deletion effect suffered by the elements in the background. The results obtained indicate that the visual composition maintains a direct relation with the construction of the Referent.
The Language in the Common-Sense Speech: ideology and imaginary
Authors: Fiepke Carpenedo Rejane Beatriz , Rosa Sturza Eliana
Published: July 2019

This research is part of our Master’s thesis, and it proposes to analyze the statements expressed in the common sense about the language, in order to understand which ideology and the linguistic imaginary that cross these statements. Many studies have already been undertaken in relation to speeches about the language, highlighting those of Mariani (2004), who analyzed the speeches of writers and politicians, grammarians and scholars - people of influence in the society of Brazil colony. Thus, we propose to carry out this analysis to know the imaginary language that circulates in common sense, from comments of Internet users in the official fanpage of the Planalto Palace on Facebook, the first official pronouncement of President Michel Temer abroad. The theoretical perspective adopted is that of the Theory of Enunciation (BENVENISTE, 1989), focused on the presuppositions of Semantics of the Event (GUIMARÃES, 2002), and making use of the analytical movement of the rewriting procedure. We observe an imaginary language perpetuated in common sense based on the idea of a homogeneous, pure and idealized language; as well as being confused with spoken language and written language, having as a criterion for a Portuguese spoken in a “correct” way the approximation and fidelity to grammar.
Prison Subjects: appointments and effects of meaning
Authors: Lorenset Rossaly Beatriz Chioquetta , Braga Sandro
Published: July 2019

This article analyzes different ways of nominating that the Brazilian prison system establishes to mention the subject that lives in a freedom deprived prison system. Furthermore, we are mainly guided by the theoretical basis of the French Discourse Analysis, in an attempt to understand the meaning effects that arise from each lexical choice. The focus is on the Extension Project of the Law Course at the University of the West of Santa Catarina entitled “Law and Jail - Remission by Reading”, established and supported by the Criminal Execution Law (BRAZIL, 2011), Recommendation n. 44 (CNJ, 2013), Guiding Principles of the National Guidelines for Education in Criminal Establishments (BRAZIL, 2010) and the State Prison Education Plan 2016-2026: Education, Prison and Freedom, Possible Dialogues (SANTA CATARINA, 2017). Thus, these normative frameworks for Education in Prisons in Brazil and in Santa Catarina are analyzed discursively, regarding the nomination of the subjects behind bars, seeking to understand the implication of making sense in the discursive processes of the nominations on law textuality choices. Through the linguistic analysis of the corpus materiality, there are signs of how the nominations are marked by power structures, rooted, crystallized and naturalized in society, which are perpetuated for centuries.
Reading Comprehension in Problems Solving in Mathematics Test of Prova Brasil
Authors: Machado Alessandra Pereira Gomes , Matos Andréa Maria dos Santos
Published: July 2019

Difficulty in reading comprehension and problem solving presented in the results of large- scale assessment may be in basic cognitive processes of reading. Researches suggest the relation between reading comprehension skills and mathematical problem solving. The aim of this article is to present the articulation between reading and problem solving, considering the cognitive dimension, and to accentuate the importance of automaticity and reading comprehension for solving problems in the Mathematics test of Prova Brasil. We analysed the descriptors of three topics of the reference matrix of Portuguese Language that indicate the reading abilities in items of Prova Brasil of a standardized test, elaborated in order to emphasize the need for the student to have developed the processes of reading comprehension to be successful in solving mathematical problems.
Autoeficácia docente e Educação Especial: revisão da produção de conhecimento nacional e internacional com ênfase na formação de professores
Authors: Martins Bárbara Amaral , Chacon Miguel Claudio Moriel
Published: July 2019

O professor tem um papel fundamental na efetivação da educação inclusiva, sendo imprescindíveis, conhecimentos, motivação e recursos. No âmbito motivacional, ressalta-se a importância da autoeficácia docente, compreendida como o julgamento do professor a respeito de suas capacidades profissionais. Se um professor tem dúvidas sobre suas competências didáticas, tende a visualizar um cenário de insucesso que influi negativamente sobre seu esforço e dedicação, o que evidencia a importância de altos níveis de autoeficácia, em especial, no trabalho com estudantes pertencentes ao público da Educação Especial. Logo, é relevante buscar estratégias que a fortaleçam, de maneira que a formação docente pode ser uma alternativa. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a produção de conhecimentos acerca da autoeficácia docente no contexto da Educação Especial no Brasil e no exterior, e, analisar as pesquisas que investigaram os efeitos da formação sobre a autoeficácia de professores para a inclusão escolar. Revisaram-se, sistematicamente, artigos, teses e dissertações levantados a partir de seis bases de dados nacionais e internacionais, totalizando 74 produções que relacionam autoeficácia docente e Educação Especial, cinco delas, brasileiras. A análise ocorreu a partir da leitura dos trabalhos, elaboração de quadros de registro e estatística descritiva. Do total, as 12 pesquisas que envolviam formação de professores foram analisadas qualitativamente e demonstraram que a formação pode aumentar os níveis de autoeficácia docente, de modo que tal probabilidade é ampliada com a articulação entre teoria e prática bem-sucedida. Enfatiza-se a potencialidade das experiências vicárias na formação docente enquanto uma das principais fontes de autoeficácia.
A dimensão subjetiva da aprendizagem em estudantes com deficiência intelectual no contexto inclusivo
Authors: Chaves Marlene Pereira , Rossato Maristela
Published: July 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a dimensão subjetiva da aprendizagem escolar em estudantes com deficiência intelectual no contexto inclusivo, demarcando um posicionamento de reconhecimento das possibilidades de constituição e expressão do estudante como sujeito do seu processo de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento. Teoricamente a discussão está fundamentada na perspectiva cultural-histórica do desenvolvimento humano a partir das contribuições de Vigotski, e suas contribuições sobre a deficiência, além da Teoria da Subjetividade desenvolvida por González Rey e colaboradores. A pesquisa desenvolvida foi de natureza qualitativa, por meio da metodologia construtivo-interpretativa, pautada nas relações dialógicas entre o pesquisador e os participantes, enfatizando a importância da singularidade dos processos de investigação e concebendo a produção do conhecimento no processo construtivo-interpretativo. Realizou-se a pesquisa com duas participantes com deficiência intelectual do terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental em classe inclusiva de uma escola pública do Distrito Federal. A produção das informações ocorreu por meio de instrumentos favorecedores da expressão das participantes: dinâmicas conversacionais, entrevista, desenho, conte-me sobre você, linha da vida escolar, diálogo sobre cenas, complemento de frases lúdico e observação participante ativa.  Por meio da análise das informações produzidas com as participantes, considera-se haver a negação da condição de sujeito da aprendizagem escolar nas ações e relações pedagógicas desenvolvidas na escola, sendo fundamental que essa exista para que o processo de aprendizado se consolide e mobilize novos recursos subjetivos promotores do desenvolvimento.
Immune Disorders of Dentoalveolar Anomalies in Schoolchildren
Authors: Sharifovich Olimov Siddik
Published: July 2019

Increasing in IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α level in blood and oral fluid indicates an increase in antigenic stimulation of monocyte-macrophage, lymphoid cell elements, endothelial cells, fibroblasts of various organs and tissues, specifies systemic inflammatory response syndrome development and protective-adaptive reactions and maladaptation reactions formation at children with DAA.
New Opportunities: Second Harmonic Generation of Boron‐Doped Graphene Quantum Dots for Stem Cells Imaging and Ultraprecise Tracking in Wound Healing
Authors: Qi Xiaoyang , Liu Hanping , Guo Wenjing , Lin Wei , Lin Baoping , Jin Ying , Deng Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2019

Second harmonic generation (SHG) has recently emerged, having the advantages of no bleaching, no blinking, and no signal saturation, as well as a high signal to‐noise ratio compared to fluorescence. Existing SHG probes are based on heavy metal or organic dye molecules, which have the shortcomings of toxicity, a large size, or photoinstability. To address the urgent need for long‐term tracking and imaging in organisms, boron‐doped graphene quantum dots (B‐GQDs), a highly biocompatible graphene based with a strong and photostable SHG signal is first synthesized and is further applied for stem cell imaging and tracking in wounds. The results demonstrate the possibility of stem cell internalization of B‐GQDs as a SHG probe and show no hindering of the stem cell's central physiological activities such as differentiation. Most importantly, B‐GQDs are successfully tracked in skin tissue in vivo after the labeled mouse mesenchymal stem cells being implanted over 35 days. This work will inspire the development of doped graphene quantum dot materials and promote the broad use of B‐GQDs in future molecular imaging, drug delivery, and stem cell therapy.
Semiconducting Nanocomposite with AIEgen‐Triggered Enhanced Photoluminescence and Photodegradation for Dual‐Modality Tumor Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Li Yawen , Liu Zitong , Ma Yufan , Chen Yuzhi , Ma Kun , Wang Xuefei , Zhang Deqing , Wang Zhuo
Published: July 2019

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) have potential in biological applications. While some SPNs have significant photothermal conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as photothermal and photoacoustic agents, other SPNs offer high fluorescence yields as photoluminescent agents. However, the energy balance distribution in SPNs inhibits their successful applications in photoluminescence/photoacoustic (PL/PA) dual‐modality imaging. Additionally, the ultrastability of SPNs in vivo may cause damage to organisms. This work reports nanocomposite semiconducting polymer and tetraphenylethene nanoparticles (STNPs) constructed by semiconducting polymers (SPs) and tetraphenylethene aggregation‐induced emission luminogens (TPE AIEgens). The SP SPC10 endows good photothermal conversion ability, and the AIEgen TPBM supports enhanced photoluminescence of the STNPs. The results show that the STNPs can act as PL/PA dual‐modality imaging agents. The signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio in the PL modality reaches 8.7, and the imaging depth in the PA modality is 5.8 mm. The SPC10 in the STNPs can be decomposed under 90 mW cm−2 white light irradiation in 6 h without any other additional agents. Furthermore, the STNPs are sufficient for the treatment of xenograft 4T1 tumor‐bearing mice based on photothermal therapy. The nanocomposite STNPs achieve optimized dual‐modality PL/PA imaging and the AIEgen‐triggered in situ photodegradation of SPNs. These properties indicate the significant potential of STNPs in clinical diagnosis and noninvasive therapy.
Expansion of the Primrose syndrome phenotype through the comparative analysis of two new case reports with ZBTB20 variants
Authors: Ferreira Laura D. , Borges‐Medeiros Rayssa L. , Thies Jenny , Schnur Rhonda E. , Lam Christina , de Oliveira João R. M.
Published: July 2019

Primrose syndrome (PRIMS), a rare genetic disorder with several clinical findings including intellectual disability, macrocephaly, typical facial features, and muscle wasting, is caused by heterozygous variants in the ZBTB20 gene. We report the cases of two males diagnosed with PRIMS at different ages, emphasizing the likely progressive nature of the disorder, as well as the differences and similarities of presentation during infancy and adulthood. Patient 1 is a 2‐year‐old American male with a medical history marked by impaired hearing, developmental delays, and fainting spells. Patient 2 is a 28‐year‐old Brazilian male, who presents with a phenotype similar to that seen in Patient 1 with additional features of ectopic calcifications and prominent muscular and skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, Patient 2 has a history of fainting spells and diminished body height and weight, with the latter features having only been reported in one PRIMS patient so far. Both Patients 1 and 2 were found to carry heterozygous likely pathogenic missense variants, detected in the last coding exon of ZBTB20 (c.1822T>C, p.Cys608Arg, de novo, and c.1873A>G, p.Met625Val, respectively), consistent with PRIMS. Overall, these case reports highlight PRIMS's likely progressive nature and contribute to the understanding of the natural history of this condition.
The Chiral Twist‐Bend Nematic Phase (N*TB)
Authors: Walker Rebecca , Pociecha Damian , Storey John M. D. , Gorecka Ewa , Imrie Corrie T.
Published: July 2019

The twist‐bend nematic, NTB, phase has been observed for chiral materials in which chirality is introduced through a branched 2‐methylbutyl terminal tail. The chiral twist‐bend nematic phase, N*TB, is completely miscible with the NTB phase of the standard achiral material, CB6OCB. The N*TB phase exhibits optical textures with lower birefringence than those observed for the achiral NTB phase, suggesting an additional mechanism of averaging molecular orientations. The N*−N*TB transition temperatures for the chiral materials are higher than the NTB−N transition temperatures seen for the corresponding racemic materials. This suggests the double degeneracy of helical twist sense in the
phase is removed by the intrinsic molecular chirality. A square lattice pattern is observed in the N* phase over a temperature range of several degrees above the N*TB–N phase transition, which may be attributed to a non‐monotonic dependence of the bend elastic constant.
Conjugation of Dasatinib with MHI‐148 Has a Significant Advantageous Effect in Viability Assays for Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Usama Syed Muhammad , Jiang Zhengyang , Pflug Kathryn , Sitcheran Raquel , Burgess Kevin
Published: July 2019

We hypothesized that conjugation of the near‐infrared dye MHI‐148 with the anti‐leukemia drug dasatinib might produce a potential theranostic for glioblastoma. In fact, the conjugate was found to bind the kinases Src and Lyn, and to inhibit the viability of a glioblastoma cell line with significantly greater potency than dasatinib alone, MHI‐148 alone, or a mixture of dasatinib and MHI‐148 at the same concentration. It was also used to successfully image a subcutaneous glioblastoma tumor in vivo.
A Rapid Neurological Assessment Protocol for Repeated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Awake Rats
Authors: Christie Brian R. , Trivino‐Paredes Juan , Pinar Cristina , Neale Katie J. , Meconi Alicia , Reid Hannah , Hutton Craig P.
Published: July 2019

Preclinical models for mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) need to recapitulate several essential clinical features associated with mTBI, including a lack of significant neuropathology and the onset of neurocognitive symptoms normally associated with mTBI. Here we show how to establish a protocol for reliably and repeatedly inducing a mild awake closed head injury (ACHI) in rats, with no mortality or clinical indications of persistent pain. Moreover, we implement a new rapid neurological assessment protocol (NAP) that can be completely conducted within 1 min of each impact. This ACHI model will help to rectify the paucity of data on how repeated mTBI (r‐mTBI) impacts the juvenile brain, an area of significant concern in clinical populations where there is evidence that behavioral sequelae following injury can be more persistent in juveniles. In addition, the ACHI model can help determine if r‐mTBI early in life can predispose the brain to exhibiting greater neuropathology (i.e., chronic traumatic encephalopathy) later in life and can facilitate the identification of critical periods of vulnerability to r‐mTBI across the lifespan. This article describes the protocol for administering an awake closed head mTBI (i.e., ACHI) to rats, as well as how to perform a rapid NAP following each ACHI. Methods for administering the ACHI to individual subjects repeatedly are described, as are the methods and scoring system for the NAP. The goal of this article is to provide a standardized set of procedures allowing the ACHI and NAP protocols to be used reliably by different laboratories. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel technique using pancreatic duct stent facilitates difficult biliary cannulation in patients with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy (with video)
Authors: Tanisaka Yuki , Ryozawa Shomei , Mizuide Masafumi , Fujita Akashi , Harada Maiko , Ogawa Tomoya
Published: July 2019

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy has been reported to be useful. However, selective biliary cannulation through the papilla is difficult in cases with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy. Herein, we report a successful biliary cannulation using a pancreatic duct (PD) stent in patients with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy. A 70‐year‐old man who underwent total gastrectomy with Roux‐en‐Y anatomy was admitted to our hospital with jaundice due to recurrence of gastric cancer. ERCP was performed for biliary drainage. We approached the papilla using a short‐type single‐balloon enteroscope (SIF‐H290; Olympus Medical Systems). Because the papilla was positioned tangentially, it was difficult to adjust the catheter in the direction of the bile duct. As only a PD could be cannulated, we placed a guidewire in the PD. Although we attempted the double‐guidewire technique using a guidewire placed in PD, selective biliary cannulation was difficult. Therefore, we placed a PD stent 5Fr‐5cm (Geenen, Pancreatic Stent Sets, Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN, USA) to assist biliary cannulation. We inserted a catheter crossing the PD stent. With this, selective biliary cannulation was successful. We successfully performed selective biliary cannulation using the PD stent as we were able to fix the papilla, straighten the common channel and the axis of the bile duct, and not restrict scope movement by not using the PD guidewire placement method. This novel technique using a PD stent appears to be useful in patients with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy.
Comparison of small intestinal contrast ultrasound with magnetic resonance enterography in pediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Hakim Aishah , Alexakis Christopher , Pilcher James , Tzias Demitrios , Mitton Sally , Paul Thankam , Saxena Sonia , Pollok Richard , Kumar Shankar
Published: July 2019

Aim

To compare the diagnostic yield of small intestinal contrast ultrasonography (SICUS) with magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in routine clinical practice in a cohort of pediatric patients investigated for Crohn's disease (CD) attending a UK tertiary center.

Methods and Results

Patients with suspected or established CD who underwent SICUS were identified retrospectively. SICUS was compared to conventional transabdominal ultrasound (TUS), ileocolonoscopy (IC), and MRE. The accuracy and agreement of SICUS in detecting small bowel lesions and CD‐related complications were assessed using kappa (κ) coefficient statistics. A total of 93 patients (median age 15 years, range 2–17, 49 male) underwent SICUS; 58 had suspected and 35 had established CD. In suspected CD, sensitivity and specificity of SICUS in detecting CD small bowel lesions were 81.8 and 100% and for TUS 85.7 and 87.5%, respectively. In established CD, sensitivity and specificity of SICUS were 98.7 and 100% and TUS 80 and 100%, respectively. Agreement between SICUS and IC was substantial for the presence of lesions (κ = 0.73) but fair in TUS (κ = 0.31). Agreement between SICUS and IC was almost perfect for detecting strictures (κ = 0.84), with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97.6%. When comparing SICUS and TUS with MRE, agreement for the presence of lesions was substantial (κ = 0.63) and moderate (κ = 0.53), respectively. Agreement between SICUS and MRE was substantial for detecting strictures (κ = 0.77) and dilatation (κ = 0.68).

Conclusions

SICUS offers a radiation‐free alternative for assessing pediatric small bowel CD, with diagnostic accuracy that is comparable to MRE and IC, supporting its wider use in routine practice.
Finding Needles in a Haystack: Determining Key Molecular Descriptors Associated with the Blood‐brain Barrier Entry of Chemical Compounds Using Machine Learning
Authors: Majumdar Subhabrata , Basak Subhash C. , Lungu Claudiu N. , Diudea Mircea V. , Grunwald Gregory D.
Published: July 2019

In this paper we used two sets of calculated molecular descriptors to predict blood‐brain barrier (BBB) entry of a collection of 415 chemicals. The set of 579 descriptors were calculated by Schrodinger and TopoCluj software. Polly and Triplet software were used to calculate the second set of 198 descriptors. Following this, modelling and a two‐deep, repeated external validation method was used for QSAR formulation. Results show that both sets of descriptors individually and their combination give models of reasonable prediction accuracy. We also uncover the effectiveness of a variable selection approach, by showing that for one of our descriptor sets, the top 5 % predictors in terms of random forest variable importance are able to provide a better performing model than the model with all predictors. The top influential descriptors indicate important aspects of molecular structural features that govern BBB entry of chemicals.
Functional muscle hypertrophy by increased insulin‐like growth factor 1 does not require dysferlin
Authors: Barton Elisabeth R. , Pham Jennifer , Brisson Becky K. , Park SooHyun , Smith Lucas R. , Liu Min , Tian Zuozhen , Hammers David W. , Vassilakos Georgios , Sweeney H. Lee
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Dysferlin loss‐of‐function mutations cause muscular dystrophy, accompanied by impaired membrane repair and muscle weakness. Growth promoting strategies including insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) could provide benefit but may cause strength loss or be ineffective. The objective of this study was to determine whether locally increased IGF‐1 promotes functional muscle hypertrophy in dysferlin‐null (Dysf−/−) mice.

Methods

Muscle‐specific transgenic expression and postnatal viral delivery of Igf1 were used in Dysf−/− and control mice. Increased IGF‐1 levels were confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Testing for skeletal muscle mass and function was performed in male and female mice.

Results

Muscle hypertrophy occurred in response to increased IGF‐1 in mice with and without dysferlin. Male mice showed a more robust response compared with females. Increased IGF‐1 did not cause loss of force per cross‐sectional area in Dysf−/− muscles.

Discussion

We conclude that increased local IGF‐1 promotes functional hypertrophy when dysferlin is absent and reestablishes IGF‐1 as a potential therapeutic for dysferlinopathies.
Intratumour heterogeneity of p53 expression; causes and consequences
Authors: Xue Yuezhen , San Luis Boris , Lane David P
Published: July 2019

Genomic alterations in different types of cancer have been identified by comprehensive sequencing methodologies, revealing TP53 as the most frequently mutated gene across the majority of human cancer types. Cytotoxic treatments are still major cancer therapy strategies but cancer recurrence due to therapy resistance is a major challenge. Resistant cell populations may be associated with TP53 mutant clones exhibiting abnormal p53 expression patterns in tumours. Given data that levels of mutant p53 influence cancer cell growth and survival, understanding the mechanisms underlying intratumour heterogeneity of p53 can be exploited to design strategies that improve patient survival. The patterns of p53 protein examined by immunohistochemistry of both premalignant and malignant tissues are complex, ranging from intense staining of all tumour cell nuclei to complete absence of staining and with many intermediate phenotypes. Animal models that express only mutant proteins and adoption of international standards for terminology have brought greater clarity to understanding the causes of variation and are at the same time demonstrating the utility of p53 in oncology. In addition to p53 mutation, MDM2 and chaperone activities, gene copy number and TP53 mRNA levels linked to proliferative activity and differentiation are all now established as causes of variation in p53 staining, with clinical implications. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discussion paper on key issues impacting the sonographer workforce in Australia
Authors: Bowman Anita , Harreveld Roberta Bobby , Lawson Celeste
Published: July 2019

Introduction

This discussion paper investigates workforce shortage of Australian sonographers through identifying educational responses to the shortage.

Method

An ethnographic content analysis of insights into the sonographer workforce provided in the Australian Government Department of Employment occupational reports (2007‐2016) and current education models across providers of prequalification sonographer education and data correlation with Australian Sonographer Accreditation Registry, education provider correspondence, and website information were conducted.

Results

Industry‐identified shortage factors related to prequalification education including sonographer quantity and suitability, education model and location, student admission, and skill and attribute training. Educational changes related to these factors were identified. Queensland demonstrated the greatest increase in sonographer (166%) and student (1000%) numbers (2007‐2016). Population‐weighted binomial ratios identified South Australia with the highest number of sonographers and students per head of population (2016). In 2016, sonographers graduated from the UG+1 Postgraduate Model (74.6%), Direct Entry Postgraduate Model (18%), and UG+1 Postgraduate Model with mandatory simulated skill training (7.4%).

Discussion

Sonographer and student supply increased, indicating growth in clinical training capacity (2007‐2016). Increased sonographer demand meant workforce shortage was relatively static. Educational response involved change to education models with characteristics related to shortage factors. Research into these education models may identify strategies to further increase clinical training capacity.
Implementing Wait Time Innovation in Election Administration: The Case of the EVWait Times App
Authors: Tsujii Tim
Published: July 2019

This case study looks into the evolution of a web-based tool for tracking wait times during an election. Drawing inspiration from the wait time tracking system at Walt Disney World, the Forsyth County Board of Elections implemented a wait time tracking application, called EVWait Times, for early voting in the 2016 general election. Using an ESRI (ArcGIS software platform) tool, the free web app provided (1) hours and location of early voting sites, (2) the wait times at the early voting sites, (3) information on finding the closest voting site, and (4) driving directions to the sites, which were all posted on a map display on the Forsyth County Board of Elections website. While the wait time tracking tool is primarily intended for quickly disseminating wait time information to voters, the secondary benefit is to use the information that was collected during this time to analyze the early voting traffic and determine which sites received more early voters than others. This information will allow our staff to make any improvements for future elections to better manage the voter turnout at the early voting sites.
Innovation in Synthesizing Big Data: The Electronic Registration Information Center (ERIC)
Authors: Becker David
Published: July 2019

Maintaining accurate, complete voter lists has been a significant and intractable problem. Many eligible voters are not on the lists, which can also be fraught with inaccuracies. These issues lead to major problems downstream in the elections process, and since so much of election reform is viewed through a partisan lens, the inaccuracies can lead to polarizing divisions. Bringing together a group of experts and election officials, a multistate data center was created, called the Electronic Registration Information Center, or “ERIC.” ERIC delivers information on voters who have moved, while also allowing for outreach to those not yet registered. Born in 2012, ERIC has grown from 7 to 26 states and the District of Columbia, including states as red as Alabama, Louisiana, and Utah and states as blue as Connecticut, Illinois, and Oregon. The ERIC states govern ERIC, and pay the full costs of its operations, and security of all data is maintained through rigorous methods. Since its inception, ERIC has enabled states to update nearly 10 million out-of-date voter records, and reach out to over 34 million eligible but unregistered voters, with millions of these new voters registered.
Diversity in Election Administration: Understanding and Serving Your Voters
Authors: Ealom Lauri
Published: July 2019

Successful election administration requires that election administrators not only know and follow the appropriate local, state, and federal policies but also understand the population of constituents they serve. Across the field, there is considerable variation in the professional path taken to a career in election administration. This case presents the experience of one election administrator’s path to election administration and the ways in which personal and professional experiences within and outside of election administration can prepare election administrators to successfully foster relationships with constituents and adopt and implement approaches to administrative decision making that engage the community; cultivating buy-in and trust.
Dark photon searches with atomic transitions
Authors: Álvarez-Luna C. , Cembranos J.A.R.
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Dark matter could be made up of dark photons, massive but very light particles whose interactions with matter resemble those of usual photons but suppressed by a small mixing parameter. We analyze the main approaches to dark photon interactions and how they can be applied to direct detection experiments which test different ranges of masses and mixings. A new experiment based on counting dark photons from induced atomic transitions in a target material is proposed. This approach appears to be particularly appropriate for dark photon detection in the meV mass range, extending the constraints in the mixing parameter by up to eight orders of magnitude with respect to previous experiments.
Replica-nondiagonal solutions in the SYK model
Authors: Aref’eva Irina , Khramtsov Mikhail , Tikhanovskaya Maria , Volovich Igor
Published: July 2019

Abstract

We study the SYK model in the large N limit beyond the replica-diagonal approximation. First we show that there are exact replica-nondiagonal solutions of the saddle point equations for q = 2 for any finite replica number M.In the interacting q = 4 case we are able to construct the numerical solutions, which are in one-to-one correspondence to the analytic solutions of the quadratic model. These solutions are singular in the M → 0 limit in both quadratic and quartic interaction cases. The calculations of the on-shell action at finite integer M show that the nondiagonal replica-symmetric saddles are subleading in both quadratic and quartic cases.

We also study replica-nondiagonal solutions of the SYK in the strong coupling limit. For arbitrary q we show that besides the usual solutions of the replica-diagonal saddle point equations in the conformal limit, there are also replica-nondiagonal solutions for any value of M (including zero). The specific configurations that we study, have factorized time and replica dependencies. The corresponding saddle point equations are separable at strong coupling, and can be solved using the Parisi ansatz from spin glass theory. We construct the solutions which correspond to the replica-symmetric case and to one-step replica symmetry breaking. We compute the regularizized free energy on these solutions in the limit of zero replicas. It is observed that there are nondiagonal solutions with the regularized free energy lower than that of the standard diagonal conformal solution.
Validation of Physical Performance Tests in Individuals with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mehta Saurabh P. , Morelli Nathan , Prevatte Caleb , White Derrick , Oliashirazi Ali
Published: July 2019

Background

Individuals with advanced osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee experience significant impairments in balance and in essential physical functions such as walking and rising from a chair. There is limited evidence on valid outcome measures to capture these impairments.

Questions/Purposes

We sought to examine the construct validity of three physical performance measures in patients with advanced knee OA: a gait speed (GS) test, the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Methods

We designed a cross-sectional clinical measurement study in which patients with advanced knee OA completed two self-reported measures: the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score—Physical Function Shortform (KOOS-PS) and a four-part numeric pain rating scale (Q-NPRS). They were also administered the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB. Convergent and divergent construct validity were assessed by examining relationships between the GS test, the SPPB, the TUG test, the KOOS-PS, and the Q-NPRS and calculating Pearson correlation coefficients ( r). The scores for the GS, TUG test, and SPPB were compared with established normative values for age-matched healthy controls.

Results

Forty-four subjects (mean age, 66.9 ± 8.1 years) participated in the study. The GS test showed low concordance with the SPPB component tests and the TUG test. The relationships between the physical performance measures and the self-reported measures were low. The scores for the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in our sample were significantly worse when compared with age-matched normative values, indicating impairments in physical performance.

Conclusion

These results advance the understanding of the validity of the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in demonstrating the impairments in physical performance that patients with advanced knee OA experience in walking, balancing, and rising from a chair. Future research should examine the reproducibility and responsiveness of the GS test, TUG test, and SPPB in patients with advanced knee OA, in order to facilitate the integration of these measures into clinical practice.
The Long-Lasting Influenza: The Impact of Fetal Stress During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic on Socioeconomic Attainment and Health in Sweden, 1968–2012
Authors: Helgertz Jonas , Bengtsson Tommy
Published: July 2019

The 1918 influenza pandemic had not only a massive instant death toll but also lasting effects on its survivors. Several studies have shown that children born in 1919, and thus exposed to the H1N1 virus in utero, experienced worse health and socioeconomic outcomes in older ages than surrounding birth cohorts. This study combines several sources of contemporary statistics with full-population individual-level data for Sweden during 1968–2012 to examine the influence of fetal exposure to the Spanish flu on health, adulthood income, and occupational attainment. For both men and women, fetal exposure resulted in higher morbidity in ages 54–87, as measured by hospitalization. For males, exposure during the second trimester also affected mortality in cancer and heart disease. Overall, the effects on all-cause mortality were modest, with about three months shorter remaining life expectancy for the cohorts exposed during the second trimester. For socioeconomic outcomes, results fail to provide consistent evidence supporting any long-term consequences of fetal exposure. We conclude that although the immediate health effects of exposure to the 1918 pandemic were huge, the long-term effects were modest in size.
Religious Supply, Existential Insecurity and Church Attendance in Post-communist Romania
Authors: Voicu Malina
Published: July 2019

During the last 30 years Romania has experienced a revival of church attendance, and a significant increase in the number of houses of worship, having the highest rate of construction in Europe. The paper provides theoretical arguments that support the idea that the increase in church attendance has roots in the fast growth in the number of houses of worship, which provide easier access to religious services, and help the development of parish communities, which are highly relevant for Eastern Orthodoxy. This growth is the outcome of the privileged position of the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC), which received funding from the central government and in-kind support from local authorities to extend the ROC's infrastructure, in exchange for active support in the political arena granted by the ROC to the party in power. Different from other religious organizations in Romania or other Orthodox churches in post-communist societies, the ROC is a powerful organization, and played its cards to get privileges from the political power during the communist and post-communist eras, which made the ROC more visible and attractive to the Romanian public. The research uses a composition of pooled datasets derived from 18 national and international surveys in Romania, covering a time span of 27 years, from 1991 to 2018, and employs multilevel logistic regression. The hypothesis regarding the relationship between the growth in church attendance and the increasing number of houses of worship is supported by the empirical data. Data have shown that growth in the number of houses of worship may fuel religious revivals, even if the offer is homogenous, and comes from nearly only one religious provider.
Big Data and Us: Human–Data Interactions
Authors: Smith Barry C.
Published: July 2019

The growth of continuously generated, large-scale datasets, and new analytics to handle them, has created expectations, in some quarters, that new insights can be generated that will help us address the biggest challenges that face us as a species and therefore can shape future societal outcomes. It is hoped that these new technologies will lead not just to new discoveries but also to new questions and thinking that will deliver significant scientific advances. Perhaps there will be some genuine scientific advances but since many of the challenges that face us reside in the human world and depend upon how humans behave, we need to turn to the humanities and the social sciences as well as the natural sciences and look at the role Big Data could play there in adding to, or shaping, our future. And here, what concerns us is not just the assumptions guiding the new analytic techniques for data mining, data merging, linking and analysis, born out of smarter AI algorithms, it is a more fundamental issue about the constraints and limitations of the kind of data inputs and outputs being appealed to in Big Data systems and whether they are well served to provide an understanding of the human world.
Evolution of the Percolation Threshold in Muds and Mudrocks During Burial
Authors: Daigle Hugh , Reece Julia S. , Flemings Peter B.
Published: July 2019

Muds and mudrocks are important barriers to flow and perform this role over their entire depositional history, from mediating sediment‐ocean methane exchange to preventing leakage from hydrocarbon reservoirs, CO2 sequestration targets, or nuclear waste repositories. It is well established that the percolation threshold, which is the fluid saturation at which percolation occurs, is directly related to the pressure sealing capacity of a mud or mudrock. However, the evolution of the percolation threshold during burial and diagenesis is not well understood. Using a data set of natural muds and mudrocks and resedimented laboratory mixtures, we show that the percolation threshold is strongly controlled by porosity, achieving a minimum of 0.10–0.30 at a porosity of 0.40, and increasing as porosity increases or decreases from that value, to as high as 0.60 at deposition and >0.80 at porosity <0.10. This implies a highly disconnected pore network at high and low porosities.
Inhibition of the BET family reduces its new target gene IDO1 expression and the production of l-kynurenine
Authors: Tian Chang-Qing , Chen Lin , Chen Hua-Dong , Huan Xia-Juan , Hu Jian-Ping , Shen Jing-Kang , Xiong Bing , Wang Ying-Qing , Miao Ze-Hong
Published: July 2019

The bromodomain and extra terminal domain (BET) family members, including BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, act as epigenetic readers to regulate gene expression. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an enzyme that participates in tumor immune escape primarily by catalyzing tryptophan to l-kynurenine. Here, we report that IDO1 is a new target gene of the BET family. RNA profiling showed that compound 9, a new BET inhibitor, reduced IDO1 mRNA up to seven times in Ty-82 cells. IDO1 differentially expressed in tumor cells and its expression could be induced with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). BET inhibitors (ABBV-075, JQ1, and OTX015) inhibited both constitutive and IFN-γ-inducible expression of IDO1. Similarly, reduction of BRD2, BRD3, or BRD4 decreased IDO1 expression. All these BET family members bound to the IDO1 promoter via the acetylated histone H3. JQ1 led to their release and reduced enrichment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) on the promoter. IFN-γ increased the binding of BRD2, BRD3, BRD4, and Pol II on the IDO1 promoter by increasing the acetylation of histone H3, which could be prevented by JQ1 partially or even completely. Furthermore, both JQ1 and OTX015 decreased the production of l-kynurenine. The combination of BET inhibitors with the IDO1 inhibitor further reduced l-kynurenine, though only marginally. Importantly, the BET inhibitor ABBV-075 significantly inhibited the growth of human Ty-82 xenografts in nude mice and reduced both protein and mRNA levels of IDO1 in the xenografts. This finding lays a basis for the potential combination of BET inhibitors and IDO1 inhibitors for the treatment of IDO1-expressing cancers.
Dopey1-Mon2 complex binds to dual-lipids and recruits kinesin-1 for membrane trafficking
Authors: Mahajan Divyanshu , Tie Hieng Chiong , Chen Bing , Lu Lei
Published: July 2019

Proteins are transported among eukaryotic organelles along the cytoskeleton in membrane carriers. The mechanism regarding the motility of carriers and the positioning of organelles is a fundamental question in cell biology that remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that Dopey1 and Mon2 assemble into a complex and localize to the Golgi, endolysosome and endoplasmic reticulum exit site. The Golgi localization of Dopey1 and Mon2 requires their binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidic acid, respectively, two lipids known for the biogenesis of membrane carriers and the specification of organelle identities. The N-terminus of Dopey1 further interacts with kinesin-1, a plus-end or centrifugal-direction microtubule motor. Dopey1-Mon2 complex functions as a dual-lipid-regulated cargo-adaptor to recruit kinesin-1 to secretory and endocytic organelles or membrane carriers for centrifugally biased bidirectional transport. Dopey1-Mon2 complex therefore provides an important missing link to coordinate the budding of a membrane carrier and subsequent bidirectional transport along the microtubule.