bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locally advanced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Barriers related to effective treatment
Authors: Lakshmaiah K. C. , Suresh T. M. , Babu K. Govind , Sirsath Nagesh T. , Dasappa Lokanatha , Abraham Linu Jacob
Published: April 2015

Background: Oral cavity cancer is a significant health problem in India. Majority of patients present with locally advanced disease requiring multimodality treatment. Compliance to recommended treatment is an important factor affecting outcome. Aims: The aim was to evaluate the outcome of locally advanced oral cavity cancer patients with regards to treatment adherence and to assess reasons of noncompliance. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study. We included patients referred to Department of Medical Oncology for induction chemotherapy in view of locally advanced oral cavity cancer. Results: Only 15 (26%) patients completed planned treatment schedule. Their 1 year overall survival was 93%. The remaining 43 patients who received inadequate treatment had a dismal 21% 1 year overall survival. Illiteracy, poverty, long waiting list for surgery, prolonged delay for health scheme treatment plan approval and dissatisfaction with attitude of hospital staffs are major barriers related to effective treatment of these patients. Conclusions: A detailed discussion with patient and their relatives regarding recommended treatment, proper implementation of health schemes, increasing trained manpower to avoid long waiting list for surgery, provision of additional financial support for family member accompanying the patient and a sympathetic approach toward patients are needed to help these patients overcome the battle.
Pancytopenia – (?) An obstacle in the diagnosis and outcome of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Raja Shruti , Suman Febe Renjitha , Scott Julius Xavier , Latha M. S. , Rajenderan Aruna , Abhirami Ethican
Published: April 2015

Context: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) ranks first among pediatric malignancies. 8-12% of ALL present with pancytopenia and 2% with hypocellular marrow a. Diagnosis of ALL in the background of pancytopenia and aplastic bone marrow is difficult. Aims: This study was aimed to compare the clinicopathologic, genetic, and outcome of paediatric ALL patients with and without pancytopenia. Settings and Design: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. Susbjects and Methods: The study included all ALL patients presenting with pancytopenia. The control group included equal number of randomly selected patients with ALL without pancytopenia treated during the same period. Ethics committee approved this study. The demographic, laboratory, and treatment-related details were retrieved from the records and entered in an Excel sheet. Statistical Analysis Used: Data was analyzed with Chi-square test with IBM SPSS statistics 16 software. Results: Diagnosis by peripheral smear is significantly lower (P = 0.015) in comparison with the control group. There is no significant difference in diagnosis between the groups by bone marrow aspirate (P = 0.731) and biopsy (P = 0.849). The diagnosis of leukemia is misdiagnosed as hypo cellular/aplastic marrow in 10% of the pancytopenic patients. Flow cytometry yielded the diagnosis in all the pancytopenic patients. Though cytogenetic abnormalities are more common in pancytopenic group, it is not statistically significant (P = 0.106). There is no significant difference in treatment outcome between the groups (P = 0.0827%). Conclusions: Clinical expertise is highly essential to evaluate a case of pancytopenia to diagnose leukemia. Pancytopenia is an obstacle in the diagnosis of ALL without immunophenotyping. There is no significant difference in the outcome between the two groups.
Clinical significance of thymidine kinase in Egyptian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Hagag Adel A. , Saad Mohamed A. , Mohamed Sohair A.
Published: April 2015

Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, representing one-third of pediatric cancers. Thymidine kinase-1 (TK-1) is expressed in proliferating cells so elevated TK-1 indicates active tumor growth. Objective: To study the clinical significance of TK-1 in children with ALL. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 40 children with newly diagnosed ALL who were admitted to Oncology Unit, Pediatric department, Tanta University (26 males and 14 females) with their ages ranged from 4 to 10 years and 30 healthy children of matched age and sex as a control group. For all patients the following were done: Complete blood picture, bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping and TK-1 serum levels. Results: Mean TK-1 level was significantly higher in patients at diagnosis than controls and significantly higher in patients with unfavorable outcome than patients with favorable outcome. Mean TK-1 level was significantly higher in patients in relapse than patients in remission and controls. No significant differences in mean TK-1 level between patients in remission and controls. There were statistically significant differences in disease free survival and overall survival between patients with favorable and unfavorable outcome. Conclusion: From this study we concluded that TK is a helpful marker in diagnosis and follow-up of patients with ALL. Recommendations: Thymidine kinase-1 should be routinely assessed at diagnosis and during follow-up in ALL patients for better diagnostic and prognostic assessment and should be taken in consideration in designing future therapeutic strategies based on patients-specific risk factors.
Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity
Authors: Augustine Dominic , Sekar B. , Murali S. , Ramesh Maya , Madhavan R. Nirmal , Patil Shankar Gouda , Rao Roopa S
Published: April 2015

Context: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is a cytoplasmic enzyme which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of oral carcinomas and sarcomas. Aims: The objective of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of iNOS in carcinomas and sarcomas affecting the oral cavity in order to understand the possible role of iNOS in their biologic behavior and to correlate iNOS expression with lymph node metastasis in carcinomas and sarcomas. Settings and Design: Patients, who attended the oral diagnosis department of Vinayaka Missions Sankarachariyar Dental College, were screened, for the purpose of the study. Besides these, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks were also retrieved from archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department. A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Subjects and Methods: A total of 40 cases (20 carcinomas and 20 sarcomas) were selected for the study. Five apparently normal tissues were obtained from the tumor adjacent normal tissue to be used as a control. These were subjected to immunohistochemical staining using antibody to iNOS and evaluated. Statistical Analysis Used: The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Results: Among the 20 carcinomas 19 showed a positive immunoreactivity for iNOS and 1 case was negative. Among the 19 immunopositive iNOS cases of carcinomas, 15 cases showed positive lymph node metastasis. Among the sarcomas, positive immunoreactivity for iNOS was seen in 10 hard tissue sarcomas, while the remaining 10 soft tissue sarcomas were negative for iNOS expression. The results were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Conclusions: iNOS is a reliable marker for lymph node metastasis in carcinomas irrespective of the histologic grade. The high expression in carcinomas shows that the carcinomas elaborate more angiogenesis for growth compared with the sarcomas with the exception of hard tissue sarcomas.
Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review
Authors: Fu X. W. , Zhang H. , Wang X. , Yu B. , Lin C.-J. , Feng X. B.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. China is presently the largest contributor of global anthropogenic Hg emission to the atmosphere. Over the past two decades, extensive studies have been conducted to characterize the concentration and speciation of atmospheric Hg in China. These studies provide important insight into the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric Hg species in China through ground-based measurements at a wide range of altitude over diverse geographical locations, and cruise and flight campaigns. In this critical review, we synthesize the available data to date to delineate the spatial and temporal patterns of atmospheric Hg, the long-range transport pattern of atmospheric Hg, and the impacts of Hg emissions on atmospheric Hg distribution and deposition in China. Atmospheric Hg species in China are substantially elevated compared to the background values in the Northern Hemisphere. The highly elevated Hg levels in Chinese urban areas were derived from local and regional anthropogenic and natural emissions, while long-range transport plays an important role in the atmospheric Hg concentration in remote areas. Preliminary studies suggested that atmosphere GEM levels are increasing at an urban and remote sites over the last decade, which were likely caused by the increasing anthropogenic emissions. The anthropogenic emission quantity in China estimated through the observed concentration ratios of GEM to CO (observed from 2001 to 2013) is approximately 983 t in 2009, ~ 3 folds of the published anthropogenic GEM emission inventories using activity data. Wet deposition fluxes of Hg in remote regions are low but the fluxes in Chinese urban areas are much higher than that in urban areas of North America and Europe. Dry deposition fluxes of Hg measured as litterfall input in forest areas of China were 2.5–9.0 times higher than the wet deposition fluxes and 1.8–13.6 times higher than the dry deposition fluxes of Hg in North America and Europe, suggesting that dry deposition to forest may be an important sink of atmospheric Hg in China.
Application of bias correction methods to improve the accuracy of quantitative radar rainfall in Korea
Authors: Lee J.-K. , Kim J.-H. , Suk M.-K.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. There are many potential sources of bias in the radar rainfall estimation process. This study classified the biases from the rainfall estimation process into the reflectivity measurement bias and QPE model bias and also conducted the bias correction methods to improve the accuracy of the Radar-AWS Rainrate (RAR) calculation system operated by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). For the Z bias correction, this study utilized the bias correction algorithm for the reflectivity. The concept of this algorithm is that the reflectivity of target single-pol radars is corrected based on the reference dual-pol radar corrected in the hardware and software bias. This study, and then, dealt with two post-process methods, the Mean Field Bias Correction (MFBC) method and the Local Gauge Correction method (LGC), to correct rainfall-bias. The Z bias and rainfall-bias correction methods were applied to the RAR system. The accuracy of the RAR system improved after correcting Z bias. For rainfall types, although the accuracy of Changma front and local torrential cases was slightly improved without the Z bias correction, especially, the accuracy of typhoon cases got worse than existing results. As a result of the rainfall-bias correction, the accuracy of the RAR system performed Z bias_LGC was especially superior to the MFBC method because the different rainfall biases were applied to each grid rainfall amount in the LGC method. For rainfall types, Results of the Z bias_LGC showed that rainfall estimates for all types was more accurate than only the Z bias and, especially, outcomes in typhoon cases was vastly superior to the others.
Model estimates of climate controls on pan-Arctic wetland methane emissions
Authors: Chen X. , Bohn T. J. , Lettenmaier D. P.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Climate factors including soil temperature and moisture, incident solar radiation, and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are important environmental controls on methane (CH4) emissions from northern wetlands. We investigated the spatio-temporal distributions of the influence of these factors on northern high latitude wetland CH4 emissions using an enhanced version of the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) land surface model. We simulated CH4 emissions from wetlands across the pan-Arctic domain over the period 1948–2006, yielding annual average emissions of 35.1 ± 6.7 Tg CH4 yr−1 for the period 1997–2006. We characterized historical sensitivities to air temperature, precipitation, incident long- and short-wave radiation, and atmospheric [CO2] as a function of average summer air temperature and precipitation. Emissions from relatively warm and dry wetlands in the southern (permafrost-free) portion of the domain were positively correlated with precipitation and negatively correlated with air temperature, while emissions from wetter and colder wetlands further north (permafrost) were positively correlated with air temperature. Over the entire period 1948–2006, our reconstructed CH4 emissions increased by 20%, over 90% of which can be attributed to climate change. An increasing trend in summer air temperature explained the majority of the climate-related variance. We estimated future emissions in response to 21st century warming as predicted by CMIP5 model projections to result in end of century CH4 emissions 42% higher than our reconstructed 1997–2006 emissions, accompanied by the northward migration of warmer- and drier-than optimal conditions for CH4 emissions, implying a reduced role for temperature in driving future increases in emissions.
Invitro assessment of cytotoxic, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaves from two grape varieties collected from arid and temperate regions in Palestine
Authors: Abed Amanie H. , Harb Jamil , Khasib Said , Saad Bashar
Published: April 2015

Grape leaves (Vitis viniferaL.)are widely consumed in Palestine, and other Mediterranean countries. Positive health effects of grape products are reported by various studies and pharmaceutical preparations from grape leaves are patented and commercialized as drugs. The aim of thisinvitrostudy is to assess the therapeutic potential of leaf extracts; their cytotoxicity against lung cancerous cells, their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against several human pathogenic bacterial strains, and according to geographical location, to examine the overall effect of annual rainfall on the aforementioned activities.

Leaves from Shami and Baituni grapes, collected from Dahria (an arid region) and Beit Omar (a temperate region) in Palestine were ground to powder using liquid nitrogen and a pestle and mortar. Cytotoxicity was measured against lung cancer cells and muscle cells. Antioxidants potential of leaf extracts and antimicrobial activity against five human pathogenic bacterial strains were assessed.

Results showed Shami leaves from Beit Omar inhibited the proliferation of lung cancer cells. Cytotoxicity assessment against lung cancer cells showed leaves from Baituni grapes are ineffective. Antioxidant capacity of the leaf extracts of both genotypes from both locations gave high levels of antioxidants, but no significant differences recorded between treatments. Leaf extracts of both grape genotypes were effective againstS. aureusand slightly effective againstP. aeruginosabacteria. However, these extracts were ineffective againstL. monocytogenes,S. typimuriumandE.coli.

Results show the therapeutic potential of leaves of Shami and Baituni might be related to their phytochemical composition. Our findings suggest effective cytotoxic activity of Shami grape leaves against lung cancer cells and provide a preliminary view of the effect of annual rainfall on the grape leaves‘ anticancer and antimicrobial activities.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Carvalho Maurício
Published: April 2015

O Hospital de Clínicas, gigante de mais de mil metros quadrados de área construída, mais de 471 leitos, com 59 de especialidades e número de atendimentos superiores a 96 mil por mês, possui médicos(357), professores e residentes(382) reconhecidos tanto pelo atendimento na área assistencial, quanto pela qualidade de ensino, pesquisas científicas e atividades de extensão.Necessita, porém, de maior divulgação de sua vocação para a pesquisa. O que se vê são ilhas de excelência, algumas vezes fechadas dentro de si mesmo. A cultura da pesquisa merece maior incentivo.O objetivo do lançamento da Revista é o de divulgar o conhecimento na área das ciências médicas e da saúde, com o objetivo de fornecer visibilidade, difundir e estimular a produção científica de nossa Instituição.Os artigos a serem publicados (originais, de revisão, editoriais, imagens médicas, perspectivas, relatos de casos) serão objeto de revisão por pares (peer review).Nasce agora a Revista. Possui objetivos de curto, médio e de longo prazo. Talvez, o mais importante seja, inicialmente, a continuidade, manter a periodicidade, que será inicialmente trimestral. Ainda, a curto prazo, a Revista pretende ser o instrumento de divulgação da pesquisa realizada por docentes e discentes, principalmente dos nossos programa de iniciação científica (TCCs, PIBICs, etc) e dos diversos projetos de extensão. A médio prazo, a vocação deve ser ampliada para divulgar os programas de pós-graduação lato e stricto senso e iniciar a busca por indexações em nível nacional. E que, no horizonte do longo prazo, possa ser reconhecida internacionalmente, indexada em bases como o PUBMED, coisa rara em nosso país e, particularmente, em nosso estado. Muito trabalho, muita ambição, as próximas gerações se encarregarão disso, tenho certeza. Quem viver verá.    Prof. Dr. Mauricio de CarvalhoEditor Chefe da Revista Medica da UFPR
Rituximab como terapia auxiliar para púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica refratária ao tratamento com plasmaférese: Relato de caso
Authors: Mejia Marcelo Murilo , Marques Gustavo Lenci , Santos Felipe Dunin , Soares Alessandra Medeiros Rodrigues , Bernardi Caroline Cunha , Farias João Samuel de Holanda , Magalhães Francisco Luis Gomide Mafra
Published: April 2015

O tratamento de escolha para a púrpura trombocitopênica trombótica, um transtorno na agregação plaquetária com hemólise desordenada e oclusão de microvasculatura, consiste em plasmaférese e uso de corticosteroides. No entanto, há casos refratários a essa terapêutica, e o Rituximab, um anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20, parece ser uma alternativa. Relatamos o caso de uma paciente de 35 anos, com quadro de sangramento e comprometimento neurológico, que foi submetida a plasmaférese e evoluiu com instabilidade hemodinâmica. Após tentativa sem sucesso e piora do quadro, foi administrado Rituximab 375mg/m², associado a plasmaférese. Evoluiu com melhora clinica e laboratorial. O Rituximab parece ser uma opção aos casos de PTT refratária, porém estudos randomizados e controlados ainda são ne-cessários para estabelecer melhor seu papel.
CEFALÉIA INDUZIDA PELA TADALAFILA - RELATO DE CASO E REVISÃO DA LITERATURA
Authors: Piovesan Elcio Juliato
Published: April 2015

Cefaléia secundária ao uso de medicamentos é freqüente e subdiagnosticada na prática médica. Relatamos o caso de um paciente que após o uso de tadalafila desenvolveu uma cefaléia relacionada com atividade sexual. Discutimos os aspectos semiológicos das cefaléias relacionadas com o uso de drogas, com atividade sexual e finalmente comentamos aspectos relacionados com a cefaléia thunderclap primárias e secundárias.
SÍNDROME HIPEREOSINOFÍLICA: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Bernardi Rodrigo Ferreira , Vinotti Isabela , Frandoloso Gibran Avelino , Da Silva Rafaela
Published: April 2015

A Síndrome Hipereosinofílica é uma desordem rara com prevalência estimada entre 0.36-6.3/100.000 habitantes, com seu diagnóstico através da contagem absoluta de eosinófilos superior a 1500 células/mm³ em duas medidas com intervalo mínimo entre elas de quatro semanas e/ou aumento no número de eosinófilos nos tecidos. Além disso, é preciso que haja lesão/disfunção orgânica associada e exclusão de causas potenciais de eosinofilia.Este é um caso de um paciente masculino, 49 anos, com um quadro de dispneia aos pequenos esforços, edema e dor em panturrilha direita, sem outras comorbidades prévias. Ao hemograma verificou-se a média de 30.021 eosinófilos, ultrassonografia de membros inferiores com trombose venosa em veia femoral direita, e tomografia torácica demonstrando trombo distal em artéria pulmonar direita. Apesar de essa síndrome ser rara, sempre deve-se estar atento para suspeitar do seu diagnóstico e trata-la rapidamente, evitando complicações letais.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Carvalho Maurício
Published: April 2015

Prezados leitores. Bem vindos a 2015, ano 2 da Revista Médica da UFPR (RMU). Após os quatro primeiros números, novos desafios e projetos. Depois da obtenção do ISSN, o International Standard Serial Number, que identifica o título de uma publicação seriada, vamos criar um endereço eletrônico próprio para a revista. Com isso, amplia-se a divulgação e as possibilidades de indexação em vários mecanismos de busca. Como sempre, contamos com a colaboração de todos para que divulguem sua produção científica em nossa revista. Neste número, o papel do fosfato como fator de risco cardiovascular na doença renal crônica e na população geral (“o mais novo vilão das doenças cardiovasculares”, segundo os autores) é revisado pelo grupo do professor Fellype Barreto, da PUCPR. O serviço de Alergia e Imunologia, ligado ao Departamento de Pediatria do HC-UFPR, apresenta atualização sobre angioedema hereditário, uma condição rara, mas de grande importância diagnóstica. Além disto, um artigo original, realizado no Serviço de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do HC-UFPR (SEMPR), avalia indivíduos com alta densidade mineral óssea e correlaciona este achado com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Por fim, uma pergunta interessante: pode Chopin ter sofrido de fibrose cística? Boa leitura,
ALTA DENSIDADE MINERAL ÓSSEA: DENTRO DA NORMALIDADE OU MASCARANDO A FRAGILIDADE ÓSSEA?
Authors: Fighera Tayane Muniz , Silva Ramon P. , Pinto Jairo Vinícius M. M. C. , Kullak Carolina A. M. , Borba Victória Z. C.
Published: April 2015

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar indivíduos com alta DMO e correlacionar com parâmetros clínicos e laboratoriais. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa ao longo dos últimos 4 anos, nos arquivos da densitometria óssea do Departamento de Endocrinologia (Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná), em pacientes com Z-score ≥ 2,0 DP na coluna ou fêmur. Após a seleção, foram revisados os prontuários de cada paciente, avaliando sua história médica e comorbidades. Resultados: Foram selecionados 104 pacientes com idade média de 62 anos, sendo 96% da amostra do sexo feminino. O peso médio encontrado foi 70 kg e o índice de massa corporal foi 29 kg/m². Observou-se uma correlação estatisticamente significativa entre presença de artefatos e diagnóstico densitométrico anormal (p <0,001). Em pacientes com aumento da densidade óssea da coluna, aproximadamente 60% apresentavam osteopenia ou osteoporose em um ou mais locais, enquanto que em pacientes com artrose, 68% tiveram o diagnóstico de osteoporose ou osteopenia. Além disso, uma correlação significativa entre artefatos e Z-score ≥ 2,0 DP no colo do fêmur foi encontrada (p = 0,008). De todas as comorbidades analisadas, houve correlação entre hipertensão e presença de artefatos (p <0,001), como artrose e escoliose. Observou-se ainda que 72% dos pacientes com hipotireoidismo apresentaram artefatos (p = 0,014). Conclusão: Encontramos elevada prevalência de pacientes com alta massa óssea e diagnóstico final anormal na densitometria. Estes resultados mostram que a análise de um único sítio de densitometria pode conduzir ao diagnóstico incorreto, especialmente em pacientes com doença degenerativa.
Online Tools Advance Emergency Response for Water Utilities
Authors: Kamrath Christian
Published: April 2015

Coordinating timely and effective responses to disasters can present many challenges for drinking water and wastewater utilities. The US Environmental Protection Agency created a suite of easy‐to‐use tools to make critical water incident information more accessible to utilities during emergencies.
Bacteria Source Tracking Shapes a Holistic Watershed Management Plan
Authors: Rogers Peter D. , Walker Laura , Fu George , Frischer Marc
Published: April 2015

In 2005, several tidal water bodies near Savannah, Ga., were found to violate state fecal coliform and dissolved oxygen regulations. When the city and nearby stakeholders drew up a holistic watershed management plan, bacterial source tracking and fluorometry enabled them to target pollution reduction efforts.
How Can Distribution System Operators Improve Water Quality and Reduce Main Breaks?
Authors: Lauer William C.
Published: April 2015

Maintaining consistent, adequate pressure and sufficient flow are common goals of every distribution system operator. Also, the way water is delivered within a distribution network affects the water quality end users receive. Using optimized practices can improve water quality and extend the life of pipelines and other system components.
Choose the Correct Generator for Optimal Performance
Authors: Craig Jan
Published: April 2015

Summer heat can bring severe storms and even hurricanes. Don't get caught in the dark! Make sure you have the correct generator on hand.
Sanctionner les (non-) coupables. Préciser la disposition de non-responsabilité criminelle
Authors: Dej1 Erin , Gagné Francis
Published: April 2015

L’appellation NRC (non-responsabilité criminelle) subit d’importantes modifications législatives qui accordent une plus grande attention à la sécurité publique et aux renseignements pour les victimes et qui visent également la création de la désignation « à haut risque ». Au Canada, cette appellation a un historique contradictoire qui accentue la complexité à superposer les structures thérapeutique et punitive. Les dernières modifications à la désignation NRC sont une réaction punitive aux réclamations du grand public quant à sa sécurité et à sa protection, ainsi qu’à une perte de confiance dans la capacité de la psychologie et des disciplines connexes à traiter et à gérer les accusés atteints de troubles mentaux. Par conséquent, l’appellation NRC a acquis une rhétorique punitive malgré le fait qu’elle est formulée en dehors du système de sanctions.
Rencontres littéraires en prison ou comment voyager de l’ombre à la lumière
Authors: Frigon1 Sylvie
Published: April 2015

En faisant un retour sur une démarche de création littéraire avec l’Association des auteures et des auteurs de l’Ontario français (AAOF) en milieu carcéral et ouvert au Québec, nous discutons comment la création littéraire peut offrir, bien que modestement, un espace d’expression et de reconquête de soi pour les personnes incarcérées.
Santé mentale communautaire et justice pénale. Le cas des violences sexuelles massives
Authors: Gasibirege1 Simon , Van Billoen Salomé , Digneffe Françoise
Published: April 2015

Partant d’une analyse des causes de la répétition des violences sexuelles dans la région des Grands Lacs africains, l’article montre comment l’approche en santé mentale communautaire est susceptible de recréer du lien social et d’apaiser la souffrance des communautés traumatisées. En suivant la méthode d’analyse en groupe (MAG), il expose les conclusions d’un atelier participatif animé par les auteurs de l’article dans lequel est analysé le fonctionnement de la justice pénale au sein des communautés et qui met en évidence les représentations qu’en ont les intervenants en santé mentale communautaire. En conclusion, il montre la nécessité d’articuler les interventions de la justice et les pratiques de prise en charge en santé mentale communautaire.
Performance of brazilian state capitals as tourism destinations
Authors: Santos Erick da Silva , Fortes Mauri
Published: April 2015

This article introduces the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) associated with factor analysis to evaluate the relative efficiency of tourism demand of 18 Brazilian capital cities within a three-year period. Such assessment includes data on factors that affect tourism demand as cities’ budgets allocated on health, transportation, security, infrastructure, tourism as well as the result of this investment on number of tourist arrivals and creation of employments in each destination. The results show the capitals that reached 100% efficiency and also the only three capitals that touched the maximum efficiency over the three years. Findings also revealed that factor analysis associated with DEA offers a potential tool for managers to provide themselves with a set of practical indicators that better assist in decision-making regarding investment on sectors that positively interfere the demand in tourism locations.
Avaliação da Satisfação do Cliente em Serviços de Restaurantes com Aplicação do ACSI
Authors: Angnes Derli Luís , Mello Moyano Carlos Alberto , Lengler Jorge Francisco Bertinetti
Published: April 2015

O Brasil possui mais de um milhão de bares e restaurantes, que correspondem aproximadamente a 40% do PIB do turismo no país. Restaurantes são organizações empresariais do ramo de serviços de refeições, que, além de proporcionarem satisfação individual e convívio social, exercem importância fundamental na saúde das pessoas. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi validar um modelo de satisfação do cliente para o ambiente de serviços de restaurantes, tendo como referência o modelo e a metodologia do Índice Norte-Americano de Satisfação do Cliente (ACSI), a partir de uma survey com 270 casos. A metodologia caracterizou-se por um estudo exploratório qualitativo, para compreensão dos atributos relevantes nos serviços de restaurantes e, uma avaliação descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa a partir de uma alteração do modelo ACSI. A análise dos dados envolveu estatística multivariada por modelagem de equações estruturais. Os principais resultados na etapa exploratória resultaram em uma lista de 27 atributos de julgamento para serviços de restaurantes e as análises com modelagem de equações estruturais utilizadas na validação do modelo sugerem que o relacionamento, a qualidade e o valor percebido pelo cliente influenciam a sua satisfação e a lealdade com os restaurantes avaliados.
Análise da percepção do visitante sobre a revitalização da orla marítima: o modelo do Parque Linear Calçadão, Itapema – Santa Catarina – Brasil
Authors: Silva Maria Emília Martins da , Soriano-Sierra Eduardo Juan
Published: April 2015

Os destinos turísticos de sol e praia preconizam pelo gerenciamento do espaço costeiro segundo os princípios da sustentabilidade, na perspectiva de desenvolver, de forma sistêmica, suas funções econômicas e ambientais. Neste contexto, o estudo analisa a percepção ambiental dos visitantes do município de Itapema (SC) sobre a revitalização da orla marítima, a partir da implantação do Parque Linear Calçadão, resultado do processo de implementação do Projeto Orla no município. Os métodos adotados para a investigação estão consubstanciados no paradigma interpretativista, que aborda uma visão subjetiva dos fenômenos sociais, embasando metodologicamente o método estudo de caso. O aporte principal da pesquisa se desenvolveu por meio da técnica de entrevista semiestruturada com nove informantes do destino e, foram posteriormente, analisadas segundo o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os resultados demonstraram a satisfação dos visitantes (turistas e excursionistas) com a revitalização da orla marítima e com a estrutura do Parque Linear Calçadão. Seus depoimentos evidenciaram a valorização da orla como espaço público de lazer, favorecendo atividades turístico-recreativas no espaço praial com segurança, sociabilidade e mobilidade aos frequentadores. Aspectos citados como ordenamento da orla, estrutura para fruição do lazer pelas distintas faixas etárias, contemplação da paisagem, preservação da vegetação e, a valorização da imagem do município também foram confirmadas na pesquisa como pontos positivos. Considera-se, a partir do estudo, que as cidades costeiras devem revitalizar seus espaços naturais e assegurá-los para o bem estar dos residentes e visitantes, guiando-se pelos programas de gestão existentes em nível estadual e federal, a exemplo do Projeto Orla.
Reflexões sobre as diferentes facetas do ócio nos tempos contemporâneos
Authors: Bassinello Patrícia Zaczuk , Miotello Valdemir
Published: April 2015

Ao longo do último século, o ócio experimentou um processo de modernização e democratização, especialmente com a crise de uma sociedade centrada no trabalho – o período Pós-Revolução Industrial – e o surgimento de novas ideias que colocam o tempo livre, o ócio e o lazer no papel de elementos estruturantes do novo contexto social e como práticas para novos modos de vida. Neste trabalho, procuramos dar foco aos aspectos significativos da realidade e função do ócio em nossa época, esclarecendo sua relação com os processos de inovação pessoal, social e econômica, estabelecendo um equilíbrio de nossos atos no pensar o ócio e trabalho, e ócio e vida, a partir de diferentes ângulos de abordagem. Para analisar esse fenômeno, baseamo-nos em fontes científicas representativas na área, de modo a elaborarmos uma visão ampliada do assunto, a partir de contribuições da perspectiva bakhtiniana. Observamos que o aumento das opções de lazer, nas últimas décadas do século XX, somado ao crescimento dos estudos do fenômeno ócio e suas possibilidades, permitiu uma evolução de seus conceitos, desde atividades ou práticas ligadas ao consumo, ao ócio digital, até ser entendido como experiência que tem como chave de discussão o sujeito que vive essas experiências. Acreditamos que essa reflexão sobre o ócio abra possibilidades de entender seu espaço no campo das ciências sociais e humanas e, de forma especial, na sua contribuição a uma nova postura de produção relacional, que estimule uma sociedade que crie e inove bens e serviços e que aprofunde os estudos do ócio, desde o horizonte experiencial dinâmico até o direito à alteridade, ao tempo de alteridade – própria e do outro - enquanto “direito à infuncionalidade”, da escuta da palavra outra.
Microseismicity of the Béarn range: Reactivation of inversion and collision structures at the northern edge of the Iberian plate
Authors: Dumont Thierry , Replumaz Anne , Rouméjon Stéphane , Briais Anne , Rigo Alexis , Bouillin Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2015

The Béarn range, located to the north of the Axial Zone in the Western Pyrenees, is affected by numerous small‐magnitude seismic events. These events overlap an area characterized by specific geological structures which are interpreted to have resulted from multistage extensional and compressional deformation. An analysis of surface geology draped over digital elevation model, together with field investigations, allow identification of two main shortening episodes with differing direction of contraction: D1 represents the inversion of the North Pyrenean Basin, whose Mesozoic infill was detached from highly extended crust and transported southward over the necking zone and the northern margin of the Iberian plate; D2 corresponds to the collision stage and is characterized in the study area by backfolding and backthrusting deformation coeval with uplift in the axial part of the chain due to thickening of the Iberian plate. The microseismicity appears to concentrate along the basal part of the inverted basin units (D1) where this initially low angle thrust has been tilted and steepened during collision (D2). We propose that local steepening of this ancient inversion structure, which should not be named “North Pyrenean Fault,” provided the suitable dip for extensional solicitation in association with the present uplift of the Axial Zone, whatever the driving mechanism of this uplift could be.
Toward an internal gravity wave spectrum in global ocean models
Authors: Müller Malte , Arbic Brian K. , Richman James G. , Shriver Jay F. , Kunze Eric L. , Scott Robert B. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Zamudio Luis
Published: April 2015

High‐resolution global ocean models forced by atmospheric fields and tides are beginning to display realistic internal gravity wave spectra, especially as model resolution increases. This paper examines internal waves in global simulations with 0.08° and 0.04° (~8 and 4 km) horizontal resolutions, respectively. Frequency spectra of internal wave horizontal kinetic energy in the North Pacific lie closer to observations in the 0.04° simulation than in the 0.08° simulation. The horizontal wave number and frequency (K‐ω) kinetic energy spectra contain peaks in the semidiurnal tidal band and near‐inertial band, along with a broadband frequency continuum aligned along the linear dispersion relations of low‐vertical‐mode internal waves. Spectral kinetic energy transfers describe the rate at which nonlinear mechanisms remove or supply kinetic energy in specific K‐ω ranges. Energy is transferred out of low‐mode inertial and semidiurnal internal waves into a broad continuum of higher‐frequency and higher‐wave number internal waves.
Being a victim or an aggressor: Different functions of triadic post‐conflict interactions in wolves (Canis lupus lupus)
Authors: Cordoni Giada , Palagi Elisabetta
Published: April 2015

Animals adopt different behavioral strategies to cope with the conflict of interests coming from the competition over limited resources. Starting from the study on chimpanzees, post‐conflict third‐party affiliation (the affiliative contact provided by a third‐party toward the victim—VTA—or the aggressor—ATA) was investigated mainly in primates. Later, this post‐conflict mechanism has been demonstrated also in other mammals, such as wallabies, horses, dolphins, domestic dogs, and wolves. Here, we present data on triadic post‐conflict affiliation in wolves (Canis lupus lupus) by exploring some of the hypotheses already proposed for primates and never tested before in other social mammals. In this carnivore species, the study of VTA and ATA revealed that these strategies cannot be considered as a unique behavioral category since they differ in many functional aspects. VTA serves to protect the victim by reducing the likelihood of reiterated attacks from the previous aggressor and to reinforce the relationship shared by the third‐party and the victim. On the other hand, ATA has a role in bystander protection by limiting the renewed attacks of the previous aggressor toward uninvolved group‐members (potential third‐parties). In conclusion, exploring VTA and ATA gives the opportunity to concurrently demonstrate some functional differences in triadic post‐conflict affiliation according to the different targets of bystanders (victims or aggressors). The data comparison between primates and other social mammals should permit to open new lines of research. Aggr. Behav. 41:526–536, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of Clad Steel Strips by Twin‐Roll Strip Casting
Authors: Vidoni Michele , Ackermann Rebecca , Richter Silvia , Hirt Gerhard
Published: April 2015

This work presents the results obtained from the experimental investigations performed on the production of steel clad strips by vertical twin‐roll strip casting with a combination of the austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 and the carbon steel 1.1248. This production method is based on the introduction of a solid strip between the casting rolls, where the joining with a solidifying melt takes place. For the first time this process is used to combine two steel alloys. In comparison to other methods such as cold or hot roll bonding it requires a shorter production route as one of the alloys can be directly cast. Micrographies of the strip cross‐section show that the material and layer thickness combination adopted in this work lead to a non‐uniform local remelting of the solid strip at the joining interface. The micrographic appearance of the interface differs from the one reported in the literature for other cladding processes. Twenty‐three percent of the joining surface is characterized by a wavy interface indicating a local remelting of the introduced solid strip. Seventy‐three percent of the joining surface exhibits a flat interface. The remaining four percent of the surface is classified as joining defect. Diffusion takes place between the two alloys and is characterized by electron probe microanalysis. Bending tests are performed on the clad strip and shear tests with an optimized shearing surface are used to measure the mechanical resistance of the joining between the two materials. The average shear resistance of the joining is 218 MPa with a standard deviation of 29 MPa.
Ag Nanowire Reinforced Highly Stretchable Conductive Fibers for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Lee Seulah , Shin Sera , Lee Sanggeun , Seo Jungmok , Lee Jaehong , Son Seungbae , Cho Hyeon Jin , Algadi Hassan , Al‐Sayari Saleh , Kim Dae Eun , Lee Taeyoon
Published: April 2015

Stretchable conductive fibers have received significant attention due to their possibility of being utilized in wearable and foldable electronics. Here, highly stretchable conductive fiber composed of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) embedded in a styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) elastomeric matrix is fabricated. An AgNW‐embedded SBS fiber is fabricated by a simple wet spinning method. Then, the AgNPs are formed on both the surface and inner region of the AgNW‐embedded fiber via repeated cycles of silver precursor absorption and reduction processes. The AgNW‐embedded conductive fiber exhibits superior initial electrical conductivity (σ0 = 2450 S cm−1) and elongation at break (900% strain) due to the high weight percentage of the conductive fillers and the use of a highly stretchable SBS elastomer matrix. During the stretching, the embedded AgNWs act as conducting bridges between AgNPs, resulting in the preservation of electrical conductivity under high strain (the rate of conductivity degradation, σ/σ0 = 4.4% at 100% strain). The AgNW‐embedded conductive fibers show the strain‐sensing behavior with a broad range of applied tensile strain. The AgNW reinforced highly stretchable conductive fibers can be embedded into a smart glove for detecting sign language by integrating five composite fibers in the glove, which can successfully perceive human motions.
Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Processing
Authors: Moore Katherine E. , Tune Daniel D. , Flavel Benjamin S.
Published: April 2015

Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been the focus of intense research, and the body of literature continues to grow exponentially, despite more than two decades having passed since the first reports. As well as extensive studies of the fundamental properties, this has seen SWCNTs used in a plethora of applications as far ranging as microelectronics, energy storage, solar cells, and sensors, to cancer treatment, drug delivery, and neuronal interfaces. On the other hand, the properties and applications of double‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have remained relatively under‐explored. This is despite DWCNTs not only sharing many of the same unique characteristics of their single‐walled counterparts, but also possessing an additional suite of potentially advantageous properties arising due to the presence of the second wall and the often complex inter‐wall interactions that arise. For example, it is envisaged that the outer wall can be selectively functionalized whilst still leaving the inner wall in its pristine state and available for signal transduction. A similar situation arises in DWCNT field effect transistors (FETs), where the outer wall can provide a convenient degree of chemical shielding of the inner wall from the external environment, allowing the excellent transconductance properties of the pristine nanotubes to be more fully exploited. Additionally, DWCNTs should also offer unique opportunities to further the fundamental understanding of the inter‐wall interactions within and between carbon nanotubes. However, the realization of these goals has so far been limited by the same challenge experienced by the SWCNT field until recent years, namely, the inherent heterogeneity of raw, as‐produced DWCNT material. As such, there is now an emerging field of research regarding DWCNT processing that focuses on the preparation of material of defined length, diameter and electronic type, and which is rapidly building upon the experience gained by the broader SWCNT community. This review describes the background of the field, summarizing some relevant theory and the available synthesis and purification routes; then provides a thorough synopsis of the current state‐of‐the‐art in DWCNT sorting methodologies, outlines contemporary challenges in the field, and discusses the outlook for various potential applications of the resulting material.
NDI‐Based Small Molecule as Promising Nonfullerene Acceptor for Solution‐Processed Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Liu Yao , Zhang Lei , Lee Hyunbok , Wang Hsin‐Wei , Santala Annikki , Liu Feng , Diao Ying , Briseno Alejandro L. , Russell Thomas P.
Published: April 2015

A novel naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based small molecule (BiNDI) is designed and synthesized by linking two NDI monomers via a vinyl donor moiety. The electronic structure of BiNDI is carefully investigated by ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Density functional theory (DFT) sheds further light on the molecular configuration and energy level distribution. Thin film transistors (TFT) based on BiNDI show a highest electron mobility of 0.365 cm2 V−1 s−1 in ambient atmosphere. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) by using BiNDI as the acceptor show a highest power conversion efficency (PCE) of 2.41%, which is the best result for NDI‐based small molecular acceptors. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (GIXD), and X‐ray photo­electron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization to understand the morphology and structure order of the bulk heterojunction film are performed. It is found that small amount of 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO) (i.e., 0.5%) in the blended film facilitates the crystallization of BiNDI into fibrillar crystals, which is beneficial for the improvement of device performance.
Thermal conductivity of nanofluids: Effect of Brownian motion of nanoparticles
Authors: Chebbi Rachid
Published: April 2015

The model of Xuan et al. (2003) for the thermal conductivity of nanofluids in which Brownian motion effect is added to the classical Maxwell's equation is discussed. The model is revised. Also, a different model is given and found to yield the same expression for the effective thermal conductivity after amending Xuan et al.'s model. The findings do not support the claim that Brownian motion of nanoparticles has a significant impact on thermal conductivity. Also, nanoparticles clustering is found to have a very minor effect on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids; however, the analysis may not be appropriate to draw conclusions about the impact of clustering. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2368–2369, 2015
46,XY disorders of sex development and congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A case with dysmorphic facies, truncus arteriosus, bifid thymus, gut malrotation, rhizomelia, and adactyly
Authors: Esplin Edward D. , Chaib Hassan , Haney Michael , Martin Brock , Homeyer Margaret , Urban Alexander E. , Bernstein Jonathan A.
Published: April 2015

The association of 46,XY disorder of sex development (DSD) with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rare, but has been previously described with and without other congenital anomalies. Literature review identified five cases of 46,XY DSD associated with CDH and other congenital anomalies. These five cases share characteristics including CDH, 46,XY karyotype with external female appearing or ambiguous genitalia, cardiac anomalies, and decreased life span. The present case had novel features including truncus arteriosus, bifid thymus, gut malrotation, and limb anomalies consisting of rhizomelia and adactyly. With this case report, we present a review of the literature of cases of 46,XY DSD and CDH in association with multiple congenital abnormalities. This case may represent a unique syndrome of 46,XY DSD and diaphragmatic hernia or a more severe presentation of a syndrome represented in the previously reported cases. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.