bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural insights on the nucleoprotein C-terminal domain of Měnglà virus
Authors: Ferrero Diego Sebastian , Tomás Gilabert Omar , Verdaguer Nuria
Published: October 2023

Filoviruses depend on the nucleoprotein (NP) to accomplish multiple functions during the viral life cycle. NP is the most abundantly expressed viral protein in infected cells and the main component of the viral nucleocapsid. It can be structurally divided into amino- and carboxy- terminal domains (NTD and CTD). The NTD can homo-oligomerize to interact and protect the (−) ssRNA genome, forming long helical structures. The flexible CTD is responsible for the binding of other nucleocapsid proteins and is involved in the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs)—the cytoplasmic sites of nucleocapsid formation and genome replication. The CTD ends in a ~100-residue globular tail. Měnglà virus (MLAV) is the only member of the new
Dianlovirus
genus within the
Filoviridae
family. Their differential characteristics and the possibility of becoming a threat for human health justify the interest in better understanding of its structure and function. In this work, we present the structure of the globular tail of the MLAV NP CTD, showing an overall conformation closely related to that previously reported for the equivalent NP region in MARV. Moreover, analyses of the CTD-CTD interactions in the crystal asymmetric unit revealed a higher-order helicoidal structure. Mutational studies underscore the crucial role of a number of residues, located at the CTD-CTD contact interface, for IB formation. Site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids L653 and F687, involved in the formation of these helicoidal assemblies, abrogate the growth of IBs when the full-length MLAV NP was ectopically expressed in cells. Our findings confirm the role of NP CTD in IB formation, also for MLAV, and focus the attention on particular residues as starting point for further analysis.

IMPORTANCE

Filoviruses are the causative agents of severe and often fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans. Měnglà virus (MLAV) is a recently reported filovirus, isolated from fruit bats that is capable to replicate in human cells, representing a potential risk for human health. An in-depth structural and functional knowledge of MLAV proteins is an essential step for antiviral research on this virus that can also be extended to other emerging filoviruses. In this study, we determined the first crystal structures of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the MLAV nucleoprotein (NP), showing important similarities to the equivalent domain in MARV. The structural data also show that the NP CTD has the ability to form large helical oligomers that may participate in the control of cytoplasmic inclusion body formation during viral replication.
Morphological and Genetic Identification of Harpacticella inopinata (Harpacticoida, Copepoda) from Lake Baikal and the Yenisei River (Russia)
Authors: Fefilova E. B. , Popova E. I. , Mayor T. Y. , Novikov A. A. , Velegzhaninov I. O. , Golubev M. A. , Bakashkina A. S.
Published: October 2023

The results of studies of the morphology and genetics of the Baikal subendemic (Harpacticella inopinata Sars, 1908 harpacticoid) are presented. The collections of 1969 and 2017–2022 from the southern part of Lake Baikal and the Yenisei River within the city of Krasnoyarsk are used as material. It is demonstrated that morphological variability within the species is most pronounced in the structure of the antenna exopodite and the number of pores and sensilla on the integument of thoracic somites. The genetic variability of the studied H. inopinata sample is described by three clades with an average distance between them of 0.24; genetic distances between individuals within the detected genetic groups do not exceed 0.005. It is found that H. inopinata from geographically distant habitats (Lake Baikal and the Yenisei River) form a single morphological and genetic group. The analysis of genetic diversity of H. inopinata confirms the relatively recent Baikal origin of the species in the Yenisei River, probably associated with an anthropogenic invasion.
Intervention targets for reducing mortality between mid-adolescence and mid-adulthood: a protocol for a machine-learning facilitated systematic umbrella review
Authors: Kerr Jessica A , Gillespie Alanna N , O'Connor Meredith , Deane Camille , Borschmann Rohan , Dashti S Ghazaleh , Spry Elizabeth A , Heerde Jessica A , Möller Holger , Ivers Rebecca , Boden Joseph M , Scott James G , Bucks Romola S , Glauert Rebecca , Kinner Stuart A , Olsson Craig A , Patton George C
Published: October 2023

Introduction

A rise in premature mortality—defined here as death during the most productive years of life, between adolescence and middle adulthood (15–60 years)—is contributing to stalling life expectancy in high-income countries. Causes of mortality vary, but often include substance misuse, suicide, unintentional injury and non-communicable disease. The development of evidence-informed policy frameworks to guide new approaches to prevention require knowledge of early targets for intervention, and interactions between higher level drivers. Here, we aim to: (1) identify systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses focused on intervention targets for premature mortality (in which intervention targets are causes of mortality that can, at least hypothetically, be modified to reduce risk); (2) evaluate the review quality and risk of bias; (3) compare and evaluate each review’s, and their relevant primary studies, findings to identify existing evidence gaps.

Methods and analysis

In May 2023, we searched electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library) for peer-reviewed papers published in the English language in the 12 years from 2012 to 2023 that examined intervention targets for mortality. Screening will narrow these papers to focus on systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses, and their primary papers. Our outcome is death between ages 15 and 60 years; with potential intervention targets measured prior to death. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR 2) will be used to assess quality and risk of bias within included systematic reviews. Results will be synthesised narratively due to anticipated heterogeneity between reviews and between primary studies contained within included reviews.

Ethics and dissemination

This review will synthesise findings from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and their primary reviewed studies, meaning ethics committee approval is not required. Our findings will inform cross-cohort consortium development, be published in a peer-reviewed journal, and be presented at national and international conferences.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022355861.
Physical activity interventions for inpatients in secure mental health settings: what works, for whom, in what circumstances and why? A protocol for a realist synthesis
Authors: Keel Toby , Machaczek Katarzyna , King James A , Breen Kieran , Stubbs Brendon , Kinnafick Florence
Published: October 2023

Introduction

The physical health of individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) is a cause for concern. While the purpose of inpatient mental health settings is rehabilitation and treatment, the physical health of hospitalised patients commonly deteriorates. Physical activity (PA) has been identified as an appropriate intervention to help improve the psychological and physical health of inpatients. We aim to address the gaps in the current literature by exploring how, why, for whom and in what contexts PA interventions help patients with SMI, who receive inpatient treatment, to increase their PA engagement.

Methods and analysis

Realist synthesis: Six steps will be followed: (1) identification of the review question and scope of the review; (2) searching for evidence; (3) screening and appraisal; (4) extraction of data; (5) synthesis of the data and (6) dissemination. Five databases will be searched: Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, PsychArticles and EmBase. A total of 10–15 stakeholders made up of academics and people living with SMI, sport and exercise therapists, psychiatrists, physiotherapists of low, medium and highly secure inpatient settings, will form an expert advisory group. They will provide their insight and knowledge of the secure setting contexts and perceived principles of how PA initiatives being undertaken in their hospitals for patients with SMI work, or not. The results will be published in accordance with the Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses-Evolving Standards publication standards.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted. The review will produce context-specific guidance for Clinical Commissioning Groups and practitioners on how to optimise the provision of PA interventions for people with SMI in inpatient settings.
Preoperative percutaneous or transvascular marking for curative resection of small liver tumours with potential for missing during hepatectomy: a study protocol for an open-label, single-arm phase II study
Authors: Fukuhara Sotaro , Kuroda Shintaro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Takei Daisuke , Namba Yosuke , Oshita Ko , Matsubara Keiso , Honmyo Naruhiko , Nakano Ryosuke , Sakai Hiroshi , Tahara Hiroyuki , Ohira Masahiro , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Tsuge Masataka , Chosa Keigo , Awai Kazuo , Ohdan Hideki
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Small liver tumours are difficult to identify during hepatectomy, which prevents curative tumour excision. Preoperative marking is a standard practice for small, deep-seated tumours in other solid organs; however, its effectiveness for liver tumours has not been validated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of preoperative markings for curative resection of small liver tumours.

Methods and analysis

This is an open-label, single-arm, single-centre, phase II study. Patients with liver tumours of ≤15 mm requiring hepatectomy will be enrolled and will undergo preoperative marking by placing a microcoil near the tumour using either the percutaneous or transvascular approach. The tumours, including the indwelling markers, will be excised. The primary endpoint will be the successful resection rate of liver tumours, defined as achieving a surgical margin of ≥5 mm and ≤15 mm. Secondary endpoints will include the results of preoperative marking and hepatectomy.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this trial was obtained from the Ethical Committee for Clinical Research of Hiroshima University, Japan. The results will be published at an academic conference or by submitting a paper to a peer-reviewed journal.

Trial registration number

jRCTs062220088.
Youth partnership in suicide prevention research: moving beyond the safety discourse
Authors: Michail Maria , Morgan Jamie , Lavis Anna
Published: October 2023

Objective

In this communication article, we discuss coproduction in suicide prevention research, with an emphasis on involving young people. We critically reflect on the lessons we have learned by working alongside young people, and how these lessons may be useful to other research teams.

The meaningful involvement of young people in the design, implementation and translation of mental health research has received significant attention over the last decade. For most funding bodies, the involvement of patients and the public in the planning and delivery of research is advised and, in many cases, mandatory. When it comes to suicide prevention research, however, things are slightly different in practice. Involvement of young people in suicide prevention research has often been considered a controversial, unfeasible and even risky endeavour. In our experiences of working in this field, such concerns are expressed by funders, Higher Education Health and Safety committees and practitioners. By presenting an example from our research where the involvement of young people as experts by experience was integral, we highlight key lessons learnt that could maximise the potential of youth partnership in suicide prevention research. These lessons take on particular importance in mental health research against the background of long-entrenched power differences and the silencing of service user voices. Professional knowledge, obtained through education and vocational training, has historically taken priority over experiential knowledge obtained through lived experience, in psychiatric practice and research. Although this hierarchy has widely been challenged, any account of coproduction in mental health research is positioned against that background, and the remnants of those inequitable power relationships arguably take on greater resonance in suicide prevention research and require careful consideration to ensure meaningful involvement.

Conclusion

We conclude that progress in suicide research cannot be fulfilled without the meaningful involvement of, and partnership with, young people with lived experience.
Next steps to advance general physical activity recommendations towards physical exercise prescription: a narrative review
Authors: Festa Raúl Ricardo , Jofré-Saldía Emilio , Candia Alejandro A , Monsalves-Álvarez Matías , Flores-Opazo Marcelo , Peñailillo Luis , Marzuca-Nassr Gabriel Nasri , Aguilar-Farias Nicolas , Fritz-Silva Nicole , Cancino-Lopez Jorge , Soto-Sánchez Johana , Sepulveda Carlos , Huerta Ojeda Álvaro , Núñez-Espinosa Cristian , Valladares-Ide Denisse , Jannas-Vela Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Physical inactivity is a major health concern, associated with the development of several non-communicable diseases and with an increased mortality rate. Therefore, promoting active lifestyles has become a crucial public health necessity for enhancing overall health and quality of life. The WHO guidelines for physical activity (PA) present valuable contributions in this respect; however, we believe that greater specificity should be added or complemented towards physical exercise (PE) testing, prescription and programming in future recommendations. In this review article, we suggest simple and practical tools accessible to the entire population to improve the specificity of this approach, highlighting aspects of PE programming used by trained subjects. By adopting these suggestions, exercise professionals, clinicians and physical trainers can optimise the current general PA recommendations towards PE prescription to improve fitness status and encourage PE adherence in the general population.
Intravenous alteplase before endovascular therapy for acute large vessel occlusion with large ischemic core: subanalysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Shindo Seigo , Uchida Kazutaka , Yoshimura Shinichi , Sakai Nobuyuki , Yamagami Hiroshi , Toyoda Kazunori , Matsumaru Yuji , Matsumoto Yasushi , Kimura Kazumi , Ishikura Reiichi , Inoue Manabu , Sakakibara Fumihiro , Nakajima Makoto , Ueda Mitsuharu , Morimoto Takeshi
Published: October 2023

Background

The efficacy of endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with large ischemic core has been reported, but it remains unclear whether IV alteplase (IVT) has beneficial effects in addition to EVT in such patients. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of EVT with or without IVT.

Methods

The RESCUE-Japan LIMIT was an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EVT in stroke patients with large ischemic core, defined as Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 3–5. This subanalysis evaluated the differences in the effects of EVT with medical care (EVT group) compared with medical care alone (No-EVT group) between those who received IVT (IVT stratum) and those who did not (No-IVT stratum) before EVT.

Results

Among 202 enrolled patients, 147 (73%) did not receive IVT. In the No-IVT stratum, the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0–3 at 90 days was significantly higher in the EVT group than in the No-EVT group (31.1% vs 12.3%, OR 3.21 (95% CI 1.37 to 7.53)). In the IVT stratum, the mRS score of 0–3 was 30.8% in the EVT group and 13.8% in the No-EVT group (OR 2.78 (95% CI 0.72 to 10.7)) (interaction p=0.77). The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was not different between the two groups in the No-IVT stratum (OR 1.20 (95% CI 0.35 to 4.12)), but it was significantly higher in the EVT group than in the No-EVT group in the IVT stratum (11.5% vs 0%, p=0.03).

Conclusions

There was no difference in efficacy of EVT with or without IVT, while IVT before EVT might increase symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with large ischemic core.

Trial registration information

NCT03702413.
Methodological considerations for observational studies of treatment effectiveness in neurology: a clinician’s guide
Authors: Kalincik Tomas , Roos Izanne , Sharmin Sifat , Malpas Charles B
Published: October 2023

Data from cohorts, registries, randomised trials, electronic medical records and administrative claims databases have increasingly been used to inform the use of therapies for neurological diseases. While novel sophisticated methods are enabling us to use existing data to guide treatment decisions, the complexity of statistical methodology is making appraisal of clinical evidence increasingly demanding. In this narrative review, we provide a brief overview of the most commonly used methods for evaluation of treatment effectiveness in neurology. This primer discusses complementarity of randomised and non-randomised study designs, sources of observational data, different forms of bias and the appropriate mitigation strategies, statistical significance, Bayesian approaches and provides an overview of multivariable regression models, propensity score-based models, causal inference, mediation analysis and Mendelian randomisation.
Why percutaneous revascularisation might not reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and mortality in patients with stable CAD?
Authors: Benenati Stefano , De Maria Giovanni Luigi , Kotronias Rafail , Porto Italo , Banning Adrian P
Published: October 2023

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is widely adopted to treat chronic coronary artery disease. Numerous randomised trials have been conducted to test whether PCI may provide any prognostic advantage over oral medical therapy (OMT) alone, without definitive results. This has maintained the paradigm of OMT as the first-line standard of care for patients, reserving PCI for symptom control. In this review, we discuss the current evidence in favour and against PCI in stable coronary syndromes and highlight the pitfalls of the available studies. We offer a critical appraisal of the possible reasons why the existing data does not provide evidence supporting the role of PCI in improving clinical outcomes in patients with stable coronary syndromes.
Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoporosis Intervention and the Related Regulatory Mechanism of Gut Microbiome
Authors: Li Kun , Jiang Yiping , Wang Nani , Lai Liyong , Xu Shengyan , Xia Tianshuang , Yue Xiaoqiang , Xin Hailiang
Published: October 2023

The gut microbiome (GM) has become a crucial factor that can affect the progression of osteoporosis. A number of studies have demonstrated the impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) on GM and bone metabolism. In this review, we summarize the potential mechanisms of the relationship between osteoporosis and GM disorder and introduce several natural Chinese medicines that exert anti-osteoporosis effects by modulating the GM. It is underlined that, through the provision of the microbial associated molecular pattern (MAMP), the GM causes inflammatory reactions and alterations in the Treg–Th17 balance and ultimately leads to changes in bone mass. Serotonin and many hormones, especially estrogen, may play a crucial role in the interaction of the GM with bone metabolism. Additionally, the GM may affect the absorption of specific nutrients in the intestine, particularly minerals like calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus. Several natural Chinese herbs, such as Sambucus Williamsii, Achyranthes bidentata Blume, Pleurotus ostreatus and Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, Pueraria Lobata, and Agaricus blazei Murill have exhibited anti-osteoporosis effects through regulating the distribution and metabolism of the GM. These herbs may increase the abundance of Firmicutes, decrease the abundance of Bacteroides, promote the GM to produce more SCFAs, modulate the immune response caused by harmful bacteria, and increase the proportion of Treg–Th17 to indirectly affect bone metabolism. Moreover, gut-derived 5-HT is an important target for TCM to prevent osteoporosis via the gut-bone axis. Puerarin could prevent osteoporosis by improving intestinal mucosal integrity and decrease systemic inflammation caused by estrogen deficiency.
Crystal field, electronegativity and magnetic behavior of Mn-, Fe-, Co- and Ni-doped LiMgN half-Heusler: KKR-CPA approximation
Authors: Ziat Younes , Zarhri Zakaryaa , Belkhanchi Hamza
Published: October 2023

This paper aims to investigate the behavior of LiMgN half-Heusler (HH) semiconductor doped by transition metals (TM [Formula: see text] Mn, Fe, Co and Ni). HHs belong to the [Formula: see text] space group (No. 216) and have a zinc blende structure that can be described by the chemical symbol XYZ. The research methodology utilized in this investigation involves theoretical analysis based on the principles of density functional theory (DFT). The studied LiMg[Formula: see text]TM[Formula: see text]N alloy displayed the half-metallicity behavior when TM [Formula: see text] Fe, Co and Ni. Hence, these systems could be a promising candidate in spintronic application thanks to their ferromagnetism. The principal contribution to magnetism in the full LiMg[Formula: see text]TM[Formula: see text]N alloys comes from the Mn, Fe, Co and Ni doping. The partial magnetic moments of these elements are significantly greater than the combined partial magnetic moments of Li, Mg and N. When comparing LiMg[Formula: see text]Mn[Formula: see text]N to LiMg[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]N, 5Co[Formula: see text]N and LiMg[Formula: see text]Ni[Formula: see text]N, it is important to note that the exchange splitting energy [Formula: see text] associated to their spin up and spin down were discussed. The variation of Mn(3d) in relation to ([Formula: see text]) is larger than that of Fe, Co and Ni. Therefore, [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the magnetic moment and electronegativity trend of the TM dopant. Specially, the electronegativity trend ([Formula: see text] is well matched with the total spin moment trend, where [Formula: see text].
An Ensemble Learning-Enhanced Smart Prediction Model for Financial Credit Risks
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Lin
Published: October 2023

The credit risk assessment acts as an important part in daily affairs for financial institutions. But in the era of big data, the growing business volume makes it an urgent demand to develop digital ways of credit risk assessment. Currently, the machine learning is universally employed to establish various data-driven models for this purpose. However, machine learning models generally suffer from limited ability of feature representation and robustness, and cannot deal with more complex financial security scenarios. To deal with this issue, this work introduces ensemble learning to construct a stronger credit risk prediction model via integration of several basic machine learning models. Thus, an ensemble learning-enhanced smart prediction model for financial credit risk is proposed in this paper. Three classification-based machine learning models (support vector machine, artificial neural network and radial basis function) are selected as the basic classifiers, and “voting” strategy is utilized to integrate them into a novel strong classifier. A real-world financial credit dataset released by a Chinese commercial bank was selected as the experimental scenario. The obtained results show that the proposal has better prediction accuracy compared with basic machine learning models without ensemble learning.
An Ultrathin CNFs/CF Composite and the Performance of Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Jia Xiaojing , Du Huan
Published: October 2023

The catalyst layer was introduced by a novel slurry impregnation process. In this process, phenolic resin, Ni particles and SiO2 particles are acted as adhesives, catalysts and dispersants, respectively. CNFs which have a high length-diameter ratio were in situ grown on the surface of carbon fabrics via the CVD method. The microstructure, electrical conductivity, skin depth and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of CNFs/CF under different reaction times were investigated. The optimal process of CNFs/CF was obtained at 800[Formula: see text]C for reacting 15[Formula: see text]min. In this condition, CNFs have a good graphitization degree and the diameter is around 25[Formula: see text]nm. Since the CNFs/CF composite possesses numerous channels, the electrical conductivity increases and the skin depth decreases. The electromagnetic (EM) waves could be trapped and attenuated, yielding outstanding EM shielding effectiveness. The total shielding effectiveness (SE[Formula: see text] values were significantly under the ultrathin thickness. Consequently, the specific SE[Formula: see text] values of CNFs/CF reached 172.9 dB/cm, which means that the EM shielding effectiveness is excellent.
Assessment of the Vulnerability of Riverine Cities and Their Coping Capacity against Floods (Case Study: Ahvaz Metropolis)
Authors: GOODARZI Majid , SOLTANI Zahrah , DEZAKI Reza Nazarpour
Published: October 2023

Based on global statistics, floods rank the first among natural disasters that severely disrupt human life, property, and the environment. Iran, as one of the flood-prone countries, is located in southwestern Asia. The geographical elevation, maritime influences, seasonal winds, and proximity to mountain ranges or deserts play a significant role in its daily and seasonal temperature fluctuations, as well as its precipitation patterns and types. According to official statistics in Iran, among climate-related hazards, some 70% of the annual funds of the Plan for Reducing the Effects of Natural Disasters have been spent on compensation for damages from floods. Yet, what augments the importance of floods and their damages is the fact that human and urban centers have been located in flood-prone areas. Therefore, considering the dense populations and financial capitals in such areas, it is necessary to assess the vulnerability of urban floods, especially in big cities like Ahvaz. This metropolis, as the capital of Khuzestan province, is located in the marshy plains with a population of over one million people. It is traversed by the country’s most water-rich river, the Karun. The aim of this study is to assess the vulnerability of Ahvaz from flood as a natural hazard and its coping capacity. The methodology of the study is descriptive-analytical and is based on its practical purpose. Fuzzy Hierarchy Model (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process) has been used for the spatial analysis of vulnerability and the capacity to deal with floods. In summary, the findings are as follows: (a) Considering the floods that have occurred in the past six decades and comparing the affected areas with the results of this research in terms of highly vulnerable areas in the central part of the city, the model used has shown high efficiency in determining the vulnerability caused by urban flooding. (b) As far as vulnerability is concerned, location and physical–environmental conditions stimulate and reinforce other factors which are influential in determining the level of vulnerability. (c) Encroachment on river boundaries, especially limiting the river width, leads to a reduction in flood capacity and an increase in vulnerability in those areas. (d) The vulnerability level of Ahvaz to flooding, based on area, falls within five categories of vulnerability spectrum as follows: Very High 4.6%, High 8.7%, Moderate 13.4%, Low 15.2%, and Very Low 58%.
Generating Usage-related Questions for Preference Elicitation in Conversational Recommender Systems
Authors: Kostric Ivica , Balog Krisztian , Radlinski Filip
Published: October 2023

A key distinguishing feature of conversational recommender systems over traditional recommender systems is theirability to elicit user preferences using natural language. Currently, the predominant approach to preference elicitation is to ask questions directly about items or item attributes. Users searching for recommendations may not have deep knowledge of the available options in a given domain. As such, they might not be aware of key attributes or desirable values for them. However, in many settings, talking about the
planned use
of items does not present any difficulties, even for those that are new to a domain. In this article, we propose a novel approach to preference elicitation by asking implicit questions based on item usage. As one of the main contributions of this work, we develop a multi-stage data annotation protocol using crowdsourcing, to create a high-quality labeled training dataset. Another main contribution is the development of four models for the question generation task: two template-based baseline models and two neural text-to-text models. The template-based models use heuristically extracted common patterns found in the training data, while the neural models use the training data to learn to generate questions automatically. Using common metrics from machine translation for automatic evaluation, we show that our approaches are effective in generating elicitation questions, even with limited training data. We further employ human evaluation for comparing the generated questions using both pointwise and pairwise evaluation designs. We find that the human evaluation results are consistent with the automatic ones, allowing us to draw conclusions about the quality of the generated questions with certainty. Finally, we provide a detailed analysis of cases where the models show their limitations.
Two-finger Stiffness Discrimination with the Stochastic Resonance Effect
Authors: Chamnongthai Komi , Endo Takahiro , Matsuno Fumitoshi
Published: October 2023

We investigated the ability of two fingers to discriminate stiffness with stochastic resonance. It is known that the haptic perception at the fingertip improves when vibrotactile noise propagates to the fingertip, which is a phenomenon called the stochastic resonance. The improvement in the haptic sensation of a fingertip depends on the intensity of the noise propagating to the fingertip. An improvement in the haptic sensation of multiple fingertips does not require multiple noise sources, such as vibrators, to be attached to multiple fingertips; i.e., even a single vibrator can propagate noise to multiple fingers. In this study, we focus on stiffness discrimination as a task using multiple fingers, in which the thumb and index finger are used to touch an object and perceive its stiffness. Subsequently, we demonstrate that the stiffness perception is improved by propagating sufficiently intense noise to the thumb and index finger using only a single vibrator. The findings indicate the possibility of improving the haptic sensation at multiple fingertips using one vibrator.
High-Performing Asymmetric 2 V Supercapacitor Assembled with Leucine-Capped rGO-α-Fe2O3 as Anode and PANI Decorated mwCNT-V2O5 as Cathode
Authors: Mondal Monojit , Goswami Dipak Kumar , Bhattacharyya Tarun Kanti
Published: October 2023

A mammoth effort has been levied to alleviate the specific energy of supercapacitors and the asymmetric cell formation that delineates a broader potential window. The α-Fe2O3 is a potential candidate for the negative electrode in supercapacitor storage for possessing widespread operating potential, economic, higher redox activity, and eco-friendliness. The significance of the synergistic effects compared on the supercapacitive responses in accordance to the specific energy, specific capacitance, specific power, long cycle stability, and rate capability are emphasized along with the cathodic vanadium oxide PANI CNT composite. The flakes fashioned vanadium dioxide (V2O5) with the assimilation of mw-CNT and polyaniline (PANI) originate by a facile synthesis methodology to antagonize the barrier possessed by vanadium-based oxides in the advancement of supercapacitor. As a result of mw-CNT and PANI integration with V2O5, the established organic-inorganic electrode depicts a higher specific capacitance. Those iron and vanadium oxide composite delineates specific energy of ∼78.72 Wh kg−1 and ∼49.31 Wh kg−1, along with retention of the capacitance of ∼91.1% and ∼80.9% each after 10,000 cycles. These inimitable amalgam systems of the combination of inorganic-organic can accomplish the compulsion for the growth of novel functional materials for the applications of energy storage.
Power Generation Characteristics of Metal–Fueled Redox Flow Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells Employing Heteropolyanions as Anode Redox Mediators
Authors: Naruse Shinji , Muroyama Hiroki , Matsui Toshiaki , Eguchi Koichi
Published: October 2023

In this study, the heteropolyanion of [PW12O40]3– is applied as an anode redox mediator in the redox flow polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This system enables continuous power generation by the electrochemical oxidation of the heteropolyanions over the carbon anode and subsequent re–reduction of the oxidized heteropolyanions in the anode tank. Currently, effective reduction methods alternative to biomass are required to achieve both high performance and long–term stability. In this study, a novel reduction method of heteropolyanions utilizing the corrosion reaction of metals (aluminum, iron, nickel, cobalt) in strong acid aqueous solutions is investigated. Current passage tests reveal that the hydrogen evolution reaction, which competes with the re–reduction of the oxidized heteropolyanions, affects the fuel efficiency. Among metals studied, aluminum is able to effectively re–reduce oxidized heteropolyanions while suppressing the consumption of protons and metals associated with the hydrogen evolution reaction. On the other hand, cobalt consumes a large amount of metal in the hydrogen evolution reaction and is found to be inferior to aluminum in fuel efficiency. This study provides an innovative approach to the reduction method of the anode redox mediator in the redox flow PEFCs.
Modeling Diffusion-Induced Mechanical Degradation in Dual-Graphite Battery Cathodes: Application to
PF6−
Intercalation
Authors: Roque Eduardo , Segurado Javier , Montero-Chacón Francisco
Published: October 2023

In this work, we propose a finite element framework to analyze the diffusion-induced mechanical degradation in graphite active particles (APs) due to bulky anion intercalation in dual-graphite batteries (DGBs). Finite strain formulation is considered to account for the large volume expansion that typically occurs in graphite cathodes. The proposed model considers chemo-mechanical coupling, including the effect of the particle volume changes due to the penetration of ions and its eventual fracture, modeled using a phase-field fracture approach. To account for the stochastic nature of graphitic microstructures, the mechanical properties are described by means of a Weibull distribution function. Our model is able to reproduce realistic cracking patterns that take place during the charging and discharging processes in APs. Finally, we use the model to simulate different galvanostatic charging rates and particle sizes to provide insight into the mechanical degradation of graphite APs during

PF

6

−

intercalation. We use this information to provide design rules for improved graphite cathodes or better operation strategies in DGBs.
Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury after Moderate Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest in Hemiarch Replacement
Authors: Nishigawa Kosaku , Hirota Takafumi , Hidaka Hideaki , Horibe Tatsuya , Takaki Jun , Yoshinaga Takashi , Fukui Toshihiro
Published: October 2023

Background. The aim of this study was to clarify the incidence and risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing hemiarch replacement (HAR) under moderate hypothermic circulatory arrest (MHCA) with retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP). Methods. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent HAR under MHCA with RCP at our institution between April 2015 and July 2022. Exclusion criteria were preoperative dialysis, single kidney, and lack of preoperative plasma creatinine data. The study endpoint was the incidence of postoperative AKI, defined using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for postoperative AKI. Results. One hundred and seventy-nine patients were included in this study. The most common indications for HAR were thoracic aortic aneurysm (n = 107) and acute aortic dissection (n = 57). Concomitant procedures, most frequently aortic valve surgery, were performed in 104 (60.5%) patients. Median circulatory arrest time and minimum rectal temperature were 15 minutes (interquartile range, 11 to 19) and 27.4°C (interquartile range, 25.9 to 28.1), respectively. Operative mortality was 1.1%. The incidence of postoperative AKI was 37.8%. Multivariate analysis showed that acute aortic dissection (odds ratio, 4.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.13–10.14;

P

 < 0.001) and longer operating time (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.01;

P

 = 0.001) were independent predictors for postoperative AKI. Conclusions. Acute aortic dissection and longer operating time were risk factors for postoperative AKI in patients undergoing HAR under MHCA with RCP. In contrast, neither circulatory arrest time nor minimum rectal temperature was a risk factor for AKI. This may be due to the short duration of circulatory arrest.
Two-Stage Optimization Model of Centralized Energy Storage Participating in Peak Shaving with Maximum Reserve Capacity and Minimum Carbon Emission of the System
Authors: Zhang Zhiyao , Huang Jingjie , Zhou Nianguang , Yang Hongming , Zhou Renjun
Published: October 2023

As the proportion of renewable energy increases in power systems, the need for peak shaving is increasing. The optimal operation of the battery energy storage system (BESS) can provide a resilient and low-carbon peak-shaving approach for the system. Therefore, a two-stage optimization model for grid-side BESS is proposed. First, the carbon emission model of thermal power units considering BESS is proposed to describe the ability of the BESS in reducing the carbon emissions. Second, in order to deal with the uncertainty of the photovoltaics and wind forecast errors, a certain capacity of BESS is reserved. The model in the first stage takes the lowest carbon emission of the system as the goal, and the model in the second stage determines the BESS reserve capacity with the objective of minimizing the risk cost of the system. The simulation results show that the carbon emission model of thermal power units with BESS can measure the contribution of energy storage to emission reduction. By setting the reserve capacity of energy storage, the peak-shaving resilience of the system is improved, and the risk of photovoltaics and wind forecast error is reduced.
Predictive Value of Recurrence of Solid and Micropapillary Subtypes in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Motono Nozomu , Mizoguchi Takaki , Ishikawa Masahito , Iwai Shun , Iijima Yoshihito , Uramoto Hidetaka
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Although histological subtype in lung adenocarcinoma has been reported as a poor prognostic factor in several studies, its utility has not yet been revealed as an adaptation criterion of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Four hundred ninety-four lung adenocarcinoma patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. A subanalysis was performed in 420 lung adenocarcinoma patients with pathological stage 0–I disease for risk factors of postoperative recurrence. Results: Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) (p < 0.01), pathological stage ≥II (p < 0.04), and adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.01) were risk factors for recurrence in the multivariate analysis, whereas histological subtype was not a significant factor for recurrence at all stages. In the subanalysis, univariate analysis showed that carcinoembryonic antigen expression (p < 0.01), prognostic nutrition index (p = 0.03), SUVmax (p < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (p < 0.01), vascular invasion (p < 0.01), grade 3–4 differentiation (p < 0.01), pathological stage ≥IA3 (p < 0.01), and histological subtype (p = 0.03) were significant risk factors of recurrence. SUVmax (p < 0.01) was the only risk factor for recurrence in the multivariate analysis, whereas histological subtype was not (p = 0.07). Relapse-free survival (RFS) was significantly worse in the micropapillary- and solid-predominant subtype groups than in the other subtypes (p = 0.01). On the other hand, RFS with or without uracil-tegafur as adjuvant chemotherapy in lung micropapillary- or solid-predominant adenocarcinoma patients with pathological stage IA-IB disease was not significantly different. Conclusion: This study suggested that histological subtypes, such as micropapillary- or solid-predominant pattern, are risk factors for recurrence in pathological stage 0-I lung adenocarcinoma and may be necessary adjuvant chemotherapy instead of uracil-tegafur.
Empfehlungen für die interdisziplinäre Betreuung von Patienten mit Riesenzellarteriitis: «Giant Cell Arteritis Hospital Quality Standards» (GHOST)
Authors: Tappeiner Christoph
Published: October 2023

Objective: GCA is the commonest primary systemic vasculitis in adults, with significant health economic costs and societal burden. There is wide variation in access to secondary care GCA services, with 34% of hospitals in England not having any formal clinical pathway. Quality standards provide levers for change to improve services. Methods: The multidisciplinary steering committee were asked to anonymously put forward up to five aspects of service essential for best practice. Responses were qualitatively analysed to identify common themes, subsequently condensed into domain headings, and ranked in order of importance. Quality standards and metrics for each domain were drafted, requiring a minimum 75% agreement. Results: 13 themes were identified from the initial suggestions. Nine quality standards with auditable metrics were developed from the top 10 themes. Patient Access, glucocorticoid use, pathways, ultrasonography, temporal artery biopsy, PET scan access, rheumatology/ophthalmology expertise, education, multidisciplinary working have all been covered in these quality standards. Access to care is a strand that has run through each of the developed standards. An audit tool was developed as part of this exercise.
Uveamelanom: Neue Therapieoption zugelassen
Authors: Klespe Kai-Christian
Published: October 2023

In der IMCgp100-202 Studie wurden zuvor unbehandelte HLA-A*02:01-positive Patienten mit metastasiertem Aderhautmelanom im Verhältnis 2:1 nach dem Zufallsprinzip entweder mit Tebentafusp (Tebentafusp-Gruppe) oder einer Therapie nach Wahl des Prüfarztes mit Pembrolizumab, Ipilimumab oder Dacarbazin (Kontrollgruppe) behandelt, stratifiziert nach dem Laktatdehydrogenase-Spiegel. Der primäre Endpunkt war das Gesamtüberleben.Die Gesamtüberlebensrate nach einem Jahr betrug 73% in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe und 59 %in der Kontrollgruppe (Hazard Ratio für Tod 0,51; 95% Konfidenzintervall [CI] 0,37 bis 0,71; P<0,001) in der Intention-to-Treat-Population. Das progressionsfreie Überleben war in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe ebenfalls signifikant höher als in der Kontrollgruppe (31% gegenüber 19% nach 6 Monaten; Hazard Ratio für Krankheitsprogression oder Tod, 0,73; 95% CI, 0,58 bis 0,94; P = 0,01). Die häufigsten behandlungsbedingten unerwünschten Ereignisse in der Tebentafusp-Gruppe waren zytokinvermittelte Ereignisse (aufgrund von T-Zell-Aktivierung) und hautbezogene Ereignisse (aufgrund von Glykoprotein-100-positiven Melanozyten), einschließlich Hautausschlag (83%), Pyrexie (76%) und Pruritus (69%). Die Häufigkeit und der Schweregrad dieser unerwünschten Ereignisse nahmen nach den ersten 3 oder 4 Dosen ab und führten nur in seltenen Fällen zum Abbruch der Studienbehandlung (2%). Es wurden keine behandlungsbedingten Todesfälle gemeldet.
Coexistence of Two Rare Conditions Complicating the Other’s Management: Propionic Acidemia and Apert Syndrome
Authors: Ensert Cihan Cansu Kethuda , Akar Halil Tuna , Yıldız Yılmaz , Sogukpinar Merve , Utine Gulen Eda , Çelik Hasan Tolga
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Propionic acidemia (PA) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. The neonatal-onset disease may present with feeding difficulties and vomiting; seizures, coma, and death may occur if untreated. In addition, catabolic processes such as infections and surgical procedures could cause metabolic decompensation, so patients with organic acidemia should be followed closely. Case Presentation: Here, a patient diagnosed with PA and Apert syndrome in the neonatal period and the complications caused by the coexistence of the two entities are mentioned. The difficulties precipitated by the coexistence of Apert syndrome and PA make this case unique. She has had prolonged hospitalizations due to metabolic decompensations after cranioplasty and inguinal hernia repair, both triggered by nosocomial respiratory infections, complicating both the surgical treatment of Apert syndrome and the management of PA. Conclusion: Coexistence of these two serious disorders mandates a more prudent clinical management as Apert syndrome patients undergo several surgical procedures, rendering them susceptible to catabolic decompensations.
Esophageal Dilation in Patients with Achalasia Is a Predictive Factor for the Inability to Traverse the Esophagogastric Junction with a Manometric Catheter
Authors: Hoshikawa Yoshimasa , Momma Eri , Kawami Noriyuki , Iwakiri Katsuhiko
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The insertion of a high-resolution manometry (HRM) catheter into the stomach is essential for accurate manometric diagnoses; however, it is impossible in some cases due to the inability to traverse the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Predictive factors for these patients have not been investigated in detail, necessitating time-consuming and burdensome procedures for investigators and patients. Therefore, the present study investigated the percentage of and risk factors for failed intubation at the EGJ. Methods: We initially reviewed the medical charts of consecutive HRM procedures performed at our hospital between September 2018 and January 2023. Patient characteristics and the findings of endoscopy and esophagography (where available) were compared between successful and failed procedures. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictive factors for the inability to traverse the EGJ. We then validated the predictive factors identified by reviewing consecutive procedures performed between February 2023 and August 2023. Results: Among the 781 procedures performed, 55 (7.0%) failed due to the inability to traverse the EGJ. Achalasia was the most common disorder in these procedures. An older age and dilated esophagus of >34 mm were independent predictive factors for the inability to traverse the EGJ in patients with treatment-naïve achalasia. In the validation study, 7 out of 68 procedures (10.3%) failed due to the inability to traverse the EGJ. A flowchart using the findings of endoscopy and an esophageal diameter of >34 mm predicted the inability to traverse the EGJ with a sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 86.9%. Conclusion: Based on an esophageal diameter >34 mm and endoscopic findings, we predicted the inability to traverse the EGJ in more than 70% of patients. A multi-center prospective study is warranted in the future.