bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Policy Analysis and Models of Strengthening the Regional Economy Post Covid 19 in North Sumatra Province
Authors: Muhammad Yusuf  , Jumiadi AW  , Lubis Sulaiman , Azizul Kholis
Published: July 2023

This study aims to see how strategic policies can be carried out in meeting the regional economy after the COVID-19 pandemic, both from fiscal strategy and monetary strategy. This research is a field/empirical research with a quantitative approach based on primary and secondary data. The population of this study is all State and Private Universities in North Sumatra Province. For the Regional Government represented by the Statistical Management Agency, the sampling technique is based on judgment Sampling, namely population members are selected based on the consideration of the ease of data collection by the researcher. The results of the research and the results of the analysis show that fiscal policy and monetary policy affect the strengthening of the economy, It is known that fiscal policy affects the strengthening of the economy more than monetary policy, this indicates that the government must pay attention to fiscal policy in strengthening the economy.
Influence of Profit Sharing Funds and Regional Financial Performance in the Previous Year on the Allocation of Capital Expenditures in Provincial Governments in Indonesia in 2016 – 2020
Authors: Sibarani Choms Gary Ganda Tua , Ginting Jihen , Vivi Afriliani  , Nasrullah Hidayat
Published: July 2023

This research is aimed at testing the influence of revenue sharing funds, the previous year's ratio of local independence, the previous year's effectiveness, the previous year's expenditure harmony toward capital expenditure allocation in the provincial government in Indonesia in 2016-2020. The data used in this research is secondary data which is obtained from access to financial reports from the website www.djpk.depkeu.go.id. Analysis of the data in this research using a quantitative approach with statistical descriptive tests, classic assumption tests, multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing was helped by SPSS 22. The results of this research indicate that the revenue sharing fund variable has no effect on capital expenditure with a significant value of 0.055> 0.05. An independent variable independence ratio from the previous year affects capital expenditure allocation in a negative direction with a significant value of 0.017<0.05. The higher the independence ratio, the lower the capital expenditure allocation. The previous year's effectiveness variable did not affect the allocation of capital expenditure with a significant value of 0.224> 0.05. An independent variable expenditure harmony ratio from previous year affects capital expenditure allocation in a negative direction with a significant value of 0.000<0.05. And simultaneously revenue sharing fund, financial independence of the previous year, the effectiveness of the previous year.
A Systematic Review: Methods of Gingivectomy for Esthetic Marginal Periodontal Tissue Conditioning
Authors: Munshi Maha
Published: July 2023

This review compared the prognosis of gingivectomy procedures carried out through a scalpel or alternative techniques. An extensive search was performed in the electronic database. Articles were identified according to inclusion criteria. The extracted data from the selected studies were organized in tables and assessed for risk of bias. Ten clinical trial studies were identified. Nine studies used the laser method for gingivectomy, and only one trial was based on the electrosurgical method. Seven studies were at low risk of bias, and three were at high risk. No significant differences were presented in pain and discomfort in the electrosurgical studies. One study reported non-significant differences between electrosurgery and scalpel regarding clinical healing. Based on limited data in this systematic review, the diode laser showed superiority over the scalpel in pain and discomfort postoperatively. In contrast, for PI and GI, the data were insufficient to conclude the results.
Assessing the effectiveness of Toronto clinical neuropathy score in diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy – A descriptive comparative study
Authors: C Bharathi , CS Sathis , R Niruba , T Hemamalini
Published: July 2023

Background: There has been an increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is the most common complication of type I and II diabetes. Peripheral neuropathy is a damage occurring in the nerves due to prolonged higher levels of blood sugar and diabetes. There are various screening tests such as vibration perception threshold (VPT), neuropathy symptom profile, michigan neuropathy screening instrument, neuropathy disability score, and Michigan diabetic neuropathy score. VPT accounts for an easy and accurate identification of diabetic patients, who are at risk, including patients, with early neuropathic deficits. Toronto clinical neuropathy score (TCNS) has been validated as a score for monitoring and diagnosing diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Aims and Objectives: This study was done to estimate the sensitivity, evaluate specificity, and determine the positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TCNS scoring in diabetic peripheral neuropathy patients considering VPT as the gold standard.

Materials and Methods: In this study, VPT and TCNS were determined in 100 type 2 diabetic subjects with signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy.

Results: In this study, it was estimated that TCNS is a reliable measure of distal poly neuropathy with a sensitivity of 95.83%, 100% specificity, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 50%.

Conclusion: From our study, it was found that TCNS is a sensitive indicator of definite clinical neuropathy.
UMA PROPOSTA DE INTERFACE PARA APOIO À SERVIÇOS DE MANIPULAÇÃO DE DADOS NO MOODLE
Authors: Andrade Thaísa Alves , Da Silva Núbia Rosa , Cordeiro Douglas Farias
Published: July 2023

Ambientes Educacionais têm contado de forma crescente com o apoio de Ambientes Virtuais de Ensino e Aprendizagem (AVEA), softwares utilizados como uma extensão da sala de aula, que se tornaram fundamentais especialmente no contexto da educação a distância. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem de apoio de serviços de extração e disponibilização de dados do AVEA Moodle (Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment), com o objetivo de reduzir as barreiras de acesso e interpretação dos relatórios nativos da ferramenta e melhorar a qualidade do acompanhamento de cursos oferecidos na plataforma.
A Review of Research on Economic Responsibility Auditing in State-Owned Enterprises
Authors: Ma Li , Zhang Xindi , Wang Cuilin
Published: July 2023

By collating and reading domestic research results on economic responsibility audit of state-owned enterprises from 1988 to 2022, we analyze and find that the current research content mainly focuses on the meaning of economic responsibility audit of state-owned enterprises, audit subjects, audit objects and audit strategies, etc. The basic research content is relatively rich and reaches a high level of agreement among scholars in many aspects, but the precision of responsibility definition, application of big data technology, etc. However, there is a relative lack of high-level research on the precision of responsibility definition, application of big data technology, innovation, etc.
Actividades Físicas para fomentar la Autoestima y la Salud en clases de Educación Física
Authors: Durán Ángel Luis , Fais-Peña Cheyla Jazmín , Santiago-Romero Oniel , Rosario-Rodríguez José Luis
Published: July 2023

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito desarrollar actividades físicas para fomentar la autoestima y la salud, mediante las clases de educación física en los alumnos del 6to grado del nivel primario. La metodología empleada fue de enfoque mixto. La técnica para la recolección de los datos fue la encuesta. El instrumento aplicado el cuestionario. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 97 alumnos, de los que se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia de 25 estudiantes. Los resultados y discusión del estudio demostraron que el género de los participantes influyó en el rendimiento de las pruebas de velocidad y resistencia ya que, los varones en su gran mayoría obtuvieron mejores puntajes. Se concluyó que, las actividades realizadas favorecieron el aspecto socio afectivo de los estudiantes, valorando las capacidades propias y grupales en la realización a las distintas pruebas.
Apología de Sócrates como teoría del rumor
Authors: García Fernández Román
Published: July 2023

Los jefes más destacados del partido de Trasibulo olvidan pronto su promesa sancionada en la ley de Arquino de no tomar revancha por actos acaecidos durante la dictadura de los treinta tiranos. Platón se va a enfrentar de esta forma en la Apología a uno de los enigmas más importantes y poco atendidos teóricamente del ámbito de la comunicación: el rumor. La condena y ajusticiamiento de Sócrates descansa precisamente en un rumor extendido por Atenas. Debe establecer, por tanto, una estrategia que le permita recuperar la memoria de Sócrates, pero no se puede limitar a reivindicar esa memoria, sino que debe atacar una imagen que a todas luces la propia condena a muerte vendría a confirmar. Al mismo tiempo busca instalar una nueva que rehabilite la figura de su maestro y la dote de inmortalidad. Así pues, debe destruir la figura de Sócrates como sofista y como inspirador de la dictadura algunos de cuyos líderes fueron discípulos suyos. Además de las suspicacias que levantaba la cercanía de Sócrates con esas clases pudientes, únicas con tiempo para debatir, y acérrimas enemigas de la democracia radical ateniense. El resultado de la operación platónica salta a la vista toda vez que cualquier intento de separar la figura de Sócrates del personaje Sócrates resulta una empresa baldía.
6 - Africa in a Highly Globalized World
Authors: Taladidia Thiombiano
Published: July 2023

Abstract
11 - Building a United and Cohesive Society
Authors: Yusuf Bangura
Published: July 2023

Abstract
16 - Assié-Lumumba Elected to CIES Leadership
Authors: Journal system
Published: July 2023

Abstract
1 - Debates: Defining Structural Transformation in Africa
Authors: Lopes Carlos
Published: July 2023

Abstract
6 - Reports: Open Access and the Future of African Knowledge Economy: Reports of the 4th CODESRIA Conference on Electronic Publishing, Dakar, March 29 - April 1 2016
Authors: Nwosu Peter O. , Sall Ebrima
Published: July 2023

Abstarct
CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 1 & 2, 2016
Authors: System Journal
Published: July 2023

CODESRIA Bulletin, Nos 1 & 2, 2016
3 - Informal Entrepreneurship: Category of Governance or Practice of democracy?
Authors: Robert Nyakuwa
Published: July 2023

Abstract
Siyasette Yeşilin Farklı Tonları: Almanya ve Türkiye’de Yeşiller Partisi
Authors: SERTDEMİR Ayşe
Published: July 2023

Çalışmada gerek Almanya gerekse de Türkiye’de yeşiller partisinin iki ülke özelinde kendi partileşme süreçleri dikkate alınarak iki ülkenin yeşil siyasetteki başarısı karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre Almanya’da yeşil siyaseti benimseyen ilk parti olan Almanya Yeşiller Partisi ilk kurulduğu yıl olan 1980 ile 1984 yılları arasında aktif olmuştur. Yine Türkiye’de ilk kez siyasette odağına yeşili alan bir parti olan Yeşiller Partisi ise 1988 ile 1994 yılı arasında aktif olmuştur. Çalışma her iki ülkede ilk kez kurumsallaşma şansı bulan yeşil siyasetin Almanya ve Türkiye’de ilk kuruldukları yıllarla sınırlı tutulmuş; her iki ülkede de kendilerinden sonra tekrar yapılanmaya giden partileşme hareketleri çalışmaya dahil edilmemiştir. Bu bakımdan çalışmanın kaleme alınmasındaki amaç Almanya ve Türkiye’de yeşil siyasetin kurumsallaşma serüvenine kaynak teşkil etmek ve farklı ülkelerde aynı amaç ve isimle ilk kez kurumsallaşan partilerin performanslarını karşılaştırmaktır. Buna göre birbirinden farklı iki toplumsal düzende teşekkül eden yeşiller partisinin tonları iki ülkenin toplumsal alt yapıları nedeniyle de birbirinden oldukça farklıdır. Almanya Yeşiller Partisi izlediği siyaset ve ortaya koyduğu icraatlar bakımından yeşilin daha koyu bir tonuna sahipken; Türkiye Yeşiller Partisi ise gerek siyasette gerekse icraatlarında Almanya’daki örneğinin gerisinde kalarak yeşilin daha açık bir tonuna sahip olmuştur.
Cultural Responsiveness and Mathematical Practices
Authors: Munson Jen , Lakshminarayanan Geetha , Rodney Thomas J.
Published: July 2023

Off You Go is a PK–12 mathematical routine that leverages children’s home resources and assets to support them in developing conceptual precision. We provide a guide for how to adapt this routine to engage students at any grade in argumentation and attending to precision.
Mathematics and Gender Dichotomy Using Item Statistics
Authors: Uloku Ossai Peter Agbadobi
Published: July 2023

Issue: This study on mathematics and gender dichotomy with respect to item statistics adopted an ex-post facto research design. Methods: A sample of 92 final year students (46 males and 46 females) was drawn through purposive sampling technique from selected secondary schools in Delta State, Nigeria. A 50-item multiple choice test used by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) in 2010 constituted the instrument for the study. Findings: The independent t-test analysis showed that the mean item statistics was statistically significant in favour of the male students. Conclusion and Recommendation: Mathematics items appeared easier to the males compared to the females. It was recommended that raw scores and item statistics should be used when determining gender distinctions in mathematics achievement to give room for comparison.
Научно-практические основы управления и развития менеджмента современной школы
Authors: Кошербаева Айгерим
Published: July 2023

Настоящая статья посвящена научно-практическим основам управления и развития менеджмента в современной школе. Исследование фокусируется на анализе организационной структуры школы, использовании информационных технологий, управлении кадровым потенциалом и качестве образования. Учитывая социально-экономические и культурные особенности, статья предлагает практические рекомендации, основанные на научных основах, для улучшения эффективности управления школой. Основная задача статьи заключается в структурировании эффективных психолого-педагогических, учебно-материальных и дидактических условий для успешной деятельности педагогов и развития личности учащихся. Важное внимание уделяется мотивации коллектива на инновационные программы, доступности информации для всех членов коллектива, участии сотрудников в корпоративных решениях и стимулированию их деятельности. Анализируя современные требования и вызовы, статья предоставляет конкретные научно-практические основы, учитывающие закономерности, которые могут быть использованы школьными администраторами и педагогами для эффективного управления и развития школы в соответствии с современными требованиями и ожиданиями общества.
Síndrome do sobrevivente de concepção gemelar
Authors: Wilheim Joanna
Published: July 2023

A autora propõe, através deste trabalho, sinalizar à Psicanálise a importância da síndrome do sobrevivente de concepções gemelares em relação a algumas psicopatologias e nas manifestações conhecidas como “reações terapêuticas negativas”.
afeto que Freud nos legou (e o que fizemos com ele?)
Authors: Pereira José Francisco Rotta , Lapolli Catherine , Neto Manoel Mariano da Rocha , Vinhas Christine Marques de Castro , Francisco Bruno Salésio da Silva
Published: July 2023

Relatório Oficial do I Encontro Brasileiro de Estudos sobre a Obra de Sigmund Freud 26 e 27 de novembro de 2010.
Por que Antonino Ferro?
Authors: Cervo Lisiane Milman
Published: July 2023

Um dos expoentes da psicanálise contemporânea da Itália, Antonino Ferro é um analista prestigiado internacionalmente e que tem tido uma grande influência sobre a psicanálise brasileira desde a década de 90. Destaca-se especialmente por seu pensamento clínico e por suas inovações técnicas, que adquirem vitalidade e vigor através de diálogos analíticos muito ricos. [...]
Em busca de um sonho
Authors: Mello Vera Maria Homrich Pereira de
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho busca estabelecer correlações entre a existência de distúrbios na atividade de sono/sonho em uma criança pequena como uma representação de dificuldades na constituição do aparelho psíquico em formação.
Por que ler Fidias Cesio?
Authors: Sorrentini Adriana
Published: July 2023

Texto elaborado a partir da apresentação da autora no evento “Contribuições Psicanalíticas de Fidias Cesio” (1922-2012), 17 – 18 de maio de 2013, em Porto Alegre.
A Escola de Paris de Psicossomática em evolução
Authors: Horn Admar
Published: July 2023

O autor aborda aspectos da corrente de pensamento psicanalítico nascida com a Escola de Psicossomática de Paris. Salienta os desenvolvimentos recentes das teorizações psicossomáticas, bem como suas imbricações com a teoria freudiana e com estudos contemporâneos. Aborda a clínica analítica com pacientes somáticos e trata do processo de somatização.
Como será amanhã? Responda quem puder…
Authors: Paim Filho Ignácio Alves , Varaschin Daniela Appio , Protas Júlia Schneider , Ullrich Larissa , Nunes Luciana Nunes de , Fontana Paula Frizzo , Israel Tânia Nara Carvalhal
Published: July 2023

Neste ensaio, resgatamos os conceitos de Freud sobre o narcisismo, a pulsão de vida e de morte para pensarmos nas consequências do isolamento social resultantes da pandemia decorrente do coronavírus, que assolou as nações neste ano de 2020. Estabeleceu-se um jogo de encontros e desencontros desde a virtualidade do mundo real à virtualidade do mundo virtual, ocasionando um estado de recolhimento narcísico. Para alguns, esse estado de desamparo e solidão tornou-se criativo; para outros, despertou revivências melancólicas, que transitam desde a desesperança até o negacionismo. Trabalhamos a importância da pulsão de destruição como elemento determinante no rompimento dessa homeostasia narcísica recriada pela virtualidade do mundo virtual. A partir dessas ideias, questionamos se seremos capazes de abrir mão dessas gratificações autoeróticas quando do retorno à vida cotidiana. Para concluir a reflexão, interrogamos como será o amanhã da psicanálise e dos psicanalistas
Por uma clínica da miscigenação
Authors: Paim Augusto Maschke
Published: July 2023

O racismo atravessa os 500 anos de história de nosso país. Na atualidade, estudos sobre o tema vêm aprofundando o entendimento do colonialismo e das manifestações preconceituosas e segregadoras em nossa sociedade. No espaço de análise, a dinâmica da transferência não escapa a essa realidade; um estudo teórico que articule o sofrimento psíquico, individual e subjetivo, com o contexto histórico e coletivo que carregam na pele todos aqueles ditos nãobrancos se faz necessário. Baseado nos conceitos de Sigmund Freud, em conexão com autores contemporâneos dedicados às questões raciais, o escrito se propõe a repensar a técnica psicanalítica no atendimento da população fenotipicamente miscigenada. Põe em questionamento a possibilidade do encontro analítico entre europeu colonizado e negro escravizado, utilizando do cinema e da literatura como dispositivos possíveis para pensar essa relação.
corpo denuncia e encobre
Authors: Puget Janine
Published: July 2023

Ocupei-me do tema da sexualidade do século XXI desde uma reformulação da entidade corpo. Ao localizar o corpo nos diferentes espaços de constituição da subjetividade, destaco a existência de conflitos devidos à heterogeneidade dos espaços de subjetivação. O corpo em cada espaço adquire diferente significado e conserva em cada um deles um componente enigmático, de desconhecido e um componente de alteridade. Também defino o que entendo por público e privado determinando cenas com uma lógica própria. Finalmente, ocupo-me do corpo social e do que entendo que a cultura atual pode veiculizar enquanto contradições e equívocos.
Evolução em e de Bion
Authors: Tabak de Bianchedi Elizabeth
Published: July 2023

Neste trabalho, são nomeadas e discutidas diferentes definições do termo “evolução”, incluindo as posições de Darwin e Spencer. Bion utiliza o termo muitas vezes, especialmente quando se refere à evolução de O (sua designação para realidade última, para verdade absoluta, para a coisa-em-si, etc.). O R (realidade externa) e O psi (realidade psíquica) são diferenciados e também o impacto dessa evolução na mente do pensador. A intersecção dessas realidades pode gerar crescimento mental ou o oposto. Ao final do trabalho, é comentada a evolução das idéias e teorias de Bion.
Providing Responsible Health Care for Out-of-State Patients
Authors: Shachar Carmel , Richman Barak D. , Mehrotra Ateev
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint discusses why the legality of calling patients located in another state has suddenly been called into question.
Concomitant Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Palbociclib Among Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Ju-Eun , Kwon Sun-Hong , Kwon Swan , Jung Hye-In , Nam Jin Hyun , Lee Eui-Kyung
Published: July 2023

Importance

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used drugs to relieve gastrointestinal tract symptoms, but their acid-inhibitory action negatively affects the bioavailability and clinical outcomes of orally administered concomitant drugs.

Objective

To identify the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced breast cancer who concomitantly use PPIs and palbociclib.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used nationwide claims data between November 1, 2016, and July 31, 2021, in South Korea. Patients with breast cancer receiving palbociclib between November 1, 2017, and July 31, 2020, were identified. Patients whose prescriptions for palbociclib and PPI overlapped by at least 33% were classified into a concomitant PPI group. Patients who never received PPI during the palbociclib treatment period were classified into a nonconcomitant PPI group. Patients were selected through 1:3 propensity score matching for analyses.

Exposures

Concomitant use of PPIs with palbociclib.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Time to progression and death. These outcomes were presented as progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of concomitant PPI use associated with clinical PFS and/or OS.

Results

A total of 344 women were included in the concomitant PPI group and 966 in the nonconcomitant PPI group. Among 1310 patients identified after matching, 1108 (84.6%) were older than 50 years; 1111 (84.8%) were treated with letrozole and anastrozole (endocrine sensitive); and 199 (15.2%) were treated with fulvestrant (endocrine resistant). The median clinical PFS in the concomitant PPI group was shorter than that of the nonconcomitant PPI group (25.3 [95% CI, 19.6-33.0] vs 39.8 [95% CI, 34.9 to not applicable] months; P < .001), and the HR was 1.76 (95% CI, 1.46-2.13). Concomitant use of PPI was also associated with shorter OS (HR, 2.71 [95% CI, 2.07-3.53]). Both clinical PFS and OS in the concomitant PPI group were consistently poor in patients receiving endocrine-sensitive and endocrine-resistant treatment.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that concomitant use of PPIs with palbociclib may hinder the complete therapeutic benefits of palbociclib in patients with breast cancer.
Superhydrophobic Surfaces to Combat Bacterial Surface Colonization
Authors: Ashok Deepu , Cheeseman Samuel , Wang Yi , Funnell Bronte , Leung Siu‐Fung , Tricoli Antonio , Nisbet David
Published: July 2023

The recent COVID‐19 pandemic and the accelerating rise of deaths associated with antibiotic‐resistant bacterial strains have highlighted the global health and economic threats caused by the super spreading of pathogens. A major route of transmission for pathogens is via surfaces contaminated by touch or droplets generated via sneezing and coughing. Current surface disinfection strategies are having diminishing efficacy, due to the increasing number of superbugs and the short‐lasting effect of disinfectants resulting in recontamination. New strategies for inhibiting surface‐mediated pathogen transmission are the focus of significant multi‐disciplinary efforts. Among those, the development of superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS) is increasingly regarded as a powerful alternative, or additive, to antimicrobial strategies. SHS provide a neutral/inert interface that can prevent viral and bacterial surface colonization. Here, the use of such water‐repellent coatings are critically reviewed to impede the surface‐mediated transmission of pathogens, addressing the challenges and future directions for their translation into real‐world settings.
Hetero‐Interface Manipulation in MoOx@Ru to Evoke Industrial Hydrogen Production Performance with Current Density of 4000 mA cm−2
Authors: Zhang Yu , Ma Chaoqun , Zhu Xiaojuan , Qu Kaiyu , Shi Peidong , Song Leyang , Wang Jing , Lu Qipeng , Wang An‐Liang
Published: July 2023

Constructing and manipulating hetero‐interfaces for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is highly desirable, but still poses a significant challenge. Herein, this work adopts a facile way to controllably synthesize three different hetero‐interfaces by anchoring ultrafine Ru nanoparticles on various MoOx nanotube (NT) substrates, including MoO2, MoO2/MoO3, and MoO3. Remarkably, MoO2@Ru NT displays excellent HER activity with tiny overpotentials of 89 and 131 mV delivering large current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, far surpassing two other hetero‐interfaces, commercial Ru/C, Pt/C catalysts. Impressively, this hetero‐interface even achieves an exceptionally large current density of 4000 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 322 mV. Moreover, MoO2@Ru NT presents exceptional stability for at least 100 h at 1000 mA cm−2 with negligible degradation. Both experimental observations and theoretical calculations suggest that moderate electron transfer from Ru to MoO2 enhances the water dissociation kinetics, and optimizes the hydrogen adsorption/desorption, thus simultaneously speeding up the HER kinetics. Furthermore, an anion exchange membrane electrolyzer assembled by obtained MoO2@Ru NT as a cathode electrocatalyst, shows attractive activity and excellent durability, with a low voltage of 1.78 V at 1000 mA cm−2, and a prolonged time period for 200 h at 1000 mA cm−2.
Associated anomalies in Pierre Robin sequence
Authors: Stoll Claude , Alembick Y. , Roth M. P.
Published: July 2023

Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is frequently co‐occurring with other non‐PRS congenital anomalies. The types and the prevalence of anomalies co‐occurring with PRS vary in the reported studies. The aims of this report was to study the types and the prevalence of the anomalies co‐occurring with PRS in a well‐studied population northeastern France. The types and the prevalence of anomalies co‐occurring in cases with PRS were ascertained in all terminations of pregnancy, stillbirths and live births in 387,067 births occurring consecutively during the period 1979–2007 in the area covered by our registry of congenital anomalies which is population‐based, 89 cases of PRS were registered during the study period with a prevalence of 2.29 per 10,000 births, 69.7% of the cases had associated non‐PRS anomalies. Chromosomal abnormalities were present in 10 (11.2%) cases including three 22 q11.2 deletion. Non‐chromosomal recognizable conditions were diagnosed in 27 cases (30.3%) including 10 Stickler syndrome, 8 Treacher Collins syndrome, 3 cases with short stature and 6 other syndromes. Multiple congenital anomalies (MCA) were present in 25 cases (28.1%). The most frequent MCA were in the ear, face and neck (35 out of 98 anomalies, 35.7%), cardiovascular (18 anomalies, 18.4%), musculoskeletal (11 anomalies, 11.2%), central nervous (7 anomalies, 7.1%), urinary (6 anomalies, 6.1%), and eye (6 anomalies, 6.1%) system. The high prevalence of associated anomalies justifies a thorough screening for other congenital anomalies in cases with PRS.
Aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols catalysed by new (aryl‐BIAN)copper(I) complexes: Their synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Rosa Vitor , Laronha Helena , Gomes Clara S. B. , Cordas Cristina M. , Brinco João , Freitas Flávia , Gomes da Silva Marco D. R. , Avilés Teresa
Published: July 2023

A new neutral dimeric Ar‐BIAN Cu(I) complex (where Ar‐BIAN = bis(aryl‐imino)acenaphthene) of formulation [CuBr(4‐iPrC6H4‐BIAN)]2 (2) was obtained by reacting CuBr and ligand 4‐iPrC6H4‐BIAN (L2) in refluxing acetonitrile under an argon atmosphere. When the ligand used was 2,4,6‐Me3C6H2‐BIAN (L1), we obtained 1 in which the expected dimer (1a) is present, but we could also observe, in solution, the presence of the bis‐chelate dimer [Cu(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2‐BIAN)2][CuBr2] (1b) bearing CuBr2− as counter‐ion; attempts to separate them failed. When the ligand used was 2‐iPrC6H4‐BIAN (L3), we obtained 3 in which the expected dimer (3a) is in equilibrium, in solution, with its bis‐chelate isomer [Cu(2‐iPrC6H4‐BIAN)2][CuBr2] (3b). The solid‐state molecular structures of compounds 2 and 3b were determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemical behaviour of complexes: 1 (1a, and 1b), 2, and 3 (3a and 3b) and the known compound [Cu(2‐iPrC6H4‐BIAN)2][BF4] (7) were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The new complexes 1 (1a, 1b), 2, and 3 (3a, 3b) were tested as catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of benzylic alcohols into aldehydes; they all catalyse the reaction, with good results; the catalytic studies were extended to the similar known complexes [CuBr(2,6‐iPr2C6H3‐BIAN)]2 (4), [CuI(2,6‐iPr2C6H3‐BIAN)]2 (5), [CuCl(2,6‐iPr2C6H3‐BIAN)]2 (6) and (7), in order to study the effect of different bridging halides or counter ions in the catalytic activity. We found that compound 4 exhibited a high catalytic activity comparable to the best results published so far. The oxidation products, benzaldehydes, were detected and further confirmed by NMR spectroscopy, and the conversion rate was determined after GC‐FID analysis.
Communicating shared situational awareness in times of chaos: Social media and theCOVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Shahbazi Maryam , Bunker Deborah , Sorrell Tania C.
Published: July 2023

To effectively manage a crisis, most decisions made by governments, organizations, communities, and individuals are based on “shared situational awareness” (SSA) derived from multiple information sources. Developing SSA depends on the alignment of mental models, which “represent our shared version of truth and reality on which we can act.” Social media has facilitated public sensemaking during a crisis; however, it has also encouraged mental model dissonance, resulting in the digital destruction of mental models and undermining adequate SSA. The study is concerned with the challenges of creating SSA during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. This paper documents a netnography of Australian public health agencies' Facebook communication, exploring the initial impact of COVID‐19 on SSA creation. Chaos theory is used as a theoretical lens to examine information perception, meaning, and assumptions relating to SSA from pre to post‐pandemic periods. Our study highlights how the initial COVID‐19 “butterfly effect” swamped the public health communication channel, leaving little space for other important health issues. This research contributes to information systems, information science, and communications by illustrating how the emergence of a crisis impacts social media communication, the creation of SSA, and what this means for social media adoption for crisis communication purposes.
DNAmetabarcoding illuminates the contribution of small and very small prey taxa to the diet of lions
Authors: Groen Kevin , Beekenkamp Sophie , de Iongh Hans H. , Lesilau Francis , Chege Mumbi , Narisha Luka , Veldhuis Michiel , Bertola Laura D. , van Bodegom Peter M. , Trimbos Krijn B.
Published: July 2023

Knowledge of food web interactions is essential for understanding the role of carnivores in an ecosystem and designing appropriate conservation and management strategies to preserve them. These interactions can only be understood by studying carnivores' diets and obtaining comprehensive and unbiased diet data. For large carnivores—which typically rely on large herbivores as prey—the role of smaller prey species has not received attention. This study aims to quantify the contribution of small (5–50 kg) and very small (<5 kg) prey taxa in the diet of lions (Panthera leo melanochaita) in four Kenyan National Parks (NPs). We use DNA metabarcoding to achieve higher‐resolution insights into prey composition, which is less biased toward large prey species compared to traditional methods, such as carcass counts. Our study identified 24 prey taxa in a total of 171 lion fecal samples. Small and very small prey taxa together contributed 18.7% out of 278 prey occurrences in all fecal samples, with comparable small prey presence (ranging from 8% to 15%) in the diet for each NP studied. This approach proved to be useful in detecting small and very small prey species in the diet of lions and can therefore be used in future research to uncover the diverse diet composition of these large carnivores. The consistent presence of smaller prey species in the diet indicates that lions generally supplement their large prey diet with smaller prey.
Revisiting the fragmentation mechanism of catechin isomers
Authors: Syue Pai‐Chi , Li Kuok‐Fai , Ku Kuo‐Lung
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The reason for the neutral loss of 44 Da in catechin tandem mass spectrometry analysis is not yet clear. Past studies used low‐resolution mass spectrometers, which made isobaric ions easily misjudged or ignored. One of the important fragment ions [(epi)Catechin‐H+‐44]− is usually determined to be derived from the loss of C2H4O (MW = 44.0262) at the C‐ring of catechin anion. However, in the results of high‐resolution mass spectrometry, this ion is m/z = 245.0808, which does not meet the expected theoretical value (m/z = 245.0454). Because this ion should be the parent ion losing CO2 (MW = 43.9898), not C2H4O. Therefore, it is necessary to re‐deduce the structure and generation path of fragment ions.

Method

In this study, high‐resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze and compare the mass fragmentation differences of phenol, phloroglucinol, and three dihydroxybenzene isomers to establish the source of CO2‐neutral loss of catechins.

Result

It was found that both phloroglucinol and resorcinol, which have the same structure as the A‐ring of catechin, can generate [M‐H+‐CO2]− fragment ions, while phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol are not.

Conclusions

It is demonstrated that the part of catechin anion contributing to CO2 neutral loss is the A‐ring rather than the B‐ring.
Adipocyte hypertrophy in mesenchymal stem cells from infants of mothers with obesity
Authors: Keleher Madeline Rose , Shubhangi Shreya , Brown Asya , Duensing Allison M. , Lixandrão Manoel E. , Gavin Kathleen M. , Smith Harry A. , Kechris Katerina J. , Yang Ivana V. , Dabelea Dana , Boyle Kristen E.
Published: July 2023

Objective

Fat content of adipocytes derived from infant umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) predicts adiposity in children through 4 to 6 years of age. This study tested the hypothesis that MSCs from infants born to mothers with obesity (Ob‐MSCs) exhibit adipocyte hypertrophy and perturbations in genes regulating adipogenesis compared with MSCs from infants of mothers with normal weight (NW‐MSCs).

Methods

Adipogenesis was induced in MSCs embedded in three‐dimensional hydrogel structures, and cell size and number were measured by three‐dimensional imaging. Proliferation and protein markers of proliferation and adipogenesis in undifferentiated and adipocyte differentiating cells were measured. RNA sequencing was performed to determine pathways linked to adipogenesis phenotype.

Results

In undifferentiated MSCs, greater zinc finger protein (Zfp)423 protein content was observed in Ob‐ versus NW‐MSCs. Adipocytes from Ob‐MSCs were larger but fewer than adipocytes from NW‐MSCs. RNA sequencing analysis showed that Zfp423 protein correlated with mRNA expression of genes enriched for cell cycle, MSC lineage specification, inflammation, and metabolism pathways. MSC proliferation was not different before differentiation but declined faster in Ob‐MSCs upon adipogenic induction.

Conclusions

Ob‐MSCs have an intrinsic propensity for adipocyte hypertrophy and reduced hyperplasia during adipogenesis in vitro, perhaps linked to greater Zfp423 content and changes in cell cycle pathway gene expression.

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ModeIIIfracture of composite laminates with elastic couplings in edge ring crack torsion test
Authors: Gong Yu , Gao Yuting , Li Zhaobin , Lin Wenjuan , Zhang Jianyu , Zhao Libin , Hu Ning
Published: July 2023

In this work, the distribution of the strain energy release rate (SERR) at the crack front of carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer laminates with elastic coupling is analyzed using the edge ring crack torsion (ERCT) test configuration. The SERR at the delamination front is calculated by virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). Elastic coupling laminates, including bending‐extension (BE) and bending‐torsion (BT) ones with different stacking sequences are studied. The effect of two different loading boundary conditions on the SERR distribution of laminates is also investigated. The results demonstrate that the distribution of SERR is significantly affected by the elastic coupling and stacking sequence. In addition, elastic coupling introduces mode I and mode II components in the ERCT configuration. However, their contribution is negligible. In comparison to unidirectional laminates, better uniformity of SERR distribution can be obtained in the BE and BT laminates. Pure mode III fracture without non‐uniformity is achievable by designing the elastic coupling of laminates. The obtained results can provide guidance for the standardization of the ERCT configuration used for the measurement of mode III fracture toughness.
Empiric dosing strategies to predict lamotrigine concentrations during pregnancy
Authors: Barry Jessica M. , French Jacqueline A. , Pennell Page B. , Karanam Ashwin , Harden Cynthia L. , Birnbaum Angela K.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Maintaining seizure control with lamotrigine is complicated by altered pharmacokinetics and existence of subpopulations in whom clearance increases or remains constant during pregnancy.

Objective

Our objective was to characterize the potential for particular dosing scenarios to lead to increased seizure risk or toxicity.

Methods

Lamotrigine pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from our previous study were applied to a one‐compartment model structure with subpopulations (75:25%) exhibiting different clearance changes. A single‐patient simulation was conducted with typical pharmacokinetic parameter values from each subpopulation. Population‐level simulations (N = 48,000) included six dosing scenarios and considered four preconception doses using the R package mrgsolve (Metrum Research Group). Thresholds for efficacy and toxicity were selected as drug concentration that are 65% lower than preconception concentrations and doubling of preconception concentrations, respectively.

Results

Individual simulation results demonstrated that without dose increases, concentrations fell below 0.65 at 6–8 weeks in the high clearance change (HC) subpopulation, depending on preconception clearance. While no simulated dosing regimen allowed all women in both subpopulations to maintain preconception concentrations, some regimens provided a more balanced risk profile than others. Predicted concentrations suggested potential increased seizure risk for 7%–100% of women in the HC group depending on preconception dose and subpopulation. Additionally, in 63% of dosing scenarios for women with low clearance change (LC), there was an increased risk of toxicity (34%–100% of women).

Significance

A substantial percentage of simulated individuals had concentrations low enough to potentially increase seizure risk or high enough to create toxicity. Early clearance changes indicate possible subpopulation categorization if therapeutic drug monitoring is conducted in the first trimester. An arbitrary “one‐size‐fits‐all” philosophy may not work well for lamotrigine dosing adjustments during pregnancy and reinforces the need for therapeutic drug monitoring until a patient is determined to be in the LC or HC group.
Interfacial Engineering Enables Perovskite Heteroepitaxial Growth on Black Phosphorus for Flexible X‐ray Detectors
Authors: Huang Hao , Zheng Ying , Liu Chang , Zhang Zhenyu , Gao Ming , Wang Jiahong , Liu Yanliang , Chu Paul K. , Yu Xue‐Feng
Published: July 2023

2D materials with atomic‐scale thickness and mechanical robustness are required for flexible devices. The superior optoelectronic properties and high‐Z atoms in metal halide perovskites render them desirable for X‐ray detection, but the intrinsic brittleness is an obstacle hampering the applications in flexible detectors. Herein, an interfacial engineering strategy is demonstrated for the epitaxial growth of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) on black phosphorus (BP) for flexible X‐ray detectors. The mechanically robust, high‐quality heterostructure consisting of a Pb transition layer is synthesized for the two‐way bridging of BP and MAPbBr3. Excellent optoelectronic properties such as a high X‐ray sensitivity of 1,609 ± 122 µC Gy−1 cm−2 (80 times higher than that of the commercial amorphous Se), a fast response time of 40 ± 5 ms, as well as a low detection limit of 3 µGys−1 (about a fifteenth of the medical chest X‐ray dose rate) are achieved from the simple and planar direct X‐ray detector fabricated on an organic filter membrane. More importantly, these flat and simple devices are bendable and mechanically durable by exhibiting only 10% photocurrent degradation after 200 bending cycles. The novel heterostructure has great potential in large‐area, flexible, and sensitive X‐ray detection applications.
A Multifunctional Asymmetric Fabric for Sustained Electricity Generation from Multiple Sources and Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Sun Shuangjie , Li Hui , Zhang Miaomiao , Sun Binbin , Xie Yibing , Zhou Wei , Yang Peipei , Mi Hao‐Yang , Guo Zhanhu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu
Published: July 2023

Harvesting electrical energy from water and moisture has emerged as a novel ecofriendly energy conversion technology. Herein, a multifunctional asymmetric polyaniline/carbon nanotubes/poly(vinyl alcohol) (APCP) that can produce electric energy from both saline water and moisture and generate fresh water simultaneously is developed. The constructed APCP possesses a negatively charged porous structure that allows continuous generation of protons and ion diffusion through the material, and a hydrophilicity–hydrophobic interface which results in a constant potential difference and sustainable output. A single APCP can maintain stable output for over 130 h and preserve a high voltage of 0.61 V, current of 81 µA, and power density of 82.4 µW cm−3 with 0.15 cm3 unit size in the water‐induced electricity generation process. When harvesting moisture energy, the APCP creates dry‐wet asymmetries and triggers the spontaneous development of electrical double layer with a current density of 1.25 mA cm−3, sufficient to power small electronics. A device consisting of four APCP can generate stable electricity of 3.35 V and produce clean water with an evaporation rate of 2.06 kg m−2 h−1 simultaneously. This work provides insights into the fabrication of multifunctional fabrics for multisource energy harvesting and simultaneous solar steam generation.
Feeding, Bonding, and the Formation of Social Relationships
Authors: Funk Leberecht , Scheidecker Gabriel , Chapin Bambi L. , Schmidt Wiebke J. , Ouardani Christine El , Chaudhary Nandita
Published: July 2023

This Element explores multi-faceted linkages between feeding and relationship formation based on ethnographic case studies in Morocco, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and Costa Rica. Research demonstrates that there are many culturally valued ways of feeding children, contradicting the idea of a single universally optimal feeding standard. It demonstrates further that in many parts of the world, feeding plays a central role in bonding and relationship formation, something largely overlooked in current developmental theories. Analysis shows that feeding contributes to relationship formation through what we call proximal, transactional, and distal dimensions. This Element argues that feeding practices can lead to qualitatively distinct forms of relationships. It has important theoretical and practical implications, calling for the expansion of attachment theory to include feeding and body-centered caregiving and significant changes to global interventions currently based on 'responsive feeding.' This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Partisans like any other? How populist supporters assess the economy when their party is in office
Authors: Gonthier Frédéric
Published: July 2023

Populist supporters have been found to take cues from populist incumbents. Yet, little is known about how they incorporate party cues in their political beliefs when populists are in office. This research note argues that (1) citizens who identify with populist parties engage in partisan motivated reasoning – that is, they are driven by the desire to be consistent with their partisan allegiances – and that (2) they engage in partisan motivated reasoning more intensely than their non-populist counterparts because populist party cues strongly prompt them to process biased information. Drawing on data from the European Social Survey, it is evidenced that populist supporters express much warmer economic views when their parties hold power. Warm economic views are also found to increase significantly more in accordance with strength of partisanship and exposure to political information for populist supporters than for non-populist supporters when their respective parties govern. Results highlight a mechanism by which populist incumbents are likely to remain attractive despite their poor economic record. They have implications for our understanding of the mainstreaming of populist parties in Europe.
Immigration, Poverty, and Infant and Child Mortality in the City of Madrid, 1916–1926
Authors: Oris Michel , Mazzoni Stanislao , Ramiro-Fariñas Diego
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we study differential infant and child mortality according to the origin of the mothers, natives of Madrid or immigrants, between 1916 and 1926. From 1880 to 1939, Madrid experienced spectacular demographic growth, with a massive influx of immigrants, mainly from the Castilian Plateau. Using the city’s records of births and deaths, which we linked for the study period, we demonstrate an important spatial heterogeneity in infant and child mortality across the city. Although the development of the town was planned in the 1860s, the infrastructure and the real estate market were overwhelmed by the continuous arrival of new inhabitants. Moreover, major investments in public health increased the gap between the wealthy districts and peripheral areas. These improvements deepened inequality. During years marked by the waves of the influenza pandemic, we isolate the impact of poverty, which threatened the survival of newborns through poor nutrition, deficient hygienic infrastructures and deplorable housing conditions. Such features explain the impressive association between summer and the risk of dying from enteritis, diarrhea and other diseases of the same type among weaned children. However, the mortality differentials between the offspring of native and migrant mothers were surprisingly small, which we explained in terms of behavioral adaptation to the large city and its mass society.