bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La revisión de la directiva que regula el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión de la Unión Europea (RCDE) y sus aspectos fiscales
Authors: De Haro Izquierdo Miguel
Published: October 2024

La Unión Europea se ha alzado como uno de los entornos políticos y sociales más dinámicos y punteros en la promoción de una Europa sostenible centrada en las políticas de impulso medioambiental, con el objetivo de convertir el viejo continente en el espacio geográfico más avanzado en el establecimiento de políticas verdes.
Los objetivos específicos en materia de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero son los de lograr una Europa «climáticamente neutral» en 2050, con una emisión neta nula de gases de efecto invernadero para esa fecha. Para alcanzar dichos objetivos, uno de los instrumentos más destacado es el impulso del mercado de derechos de emisión de gases por la Unión Europea, con el que se pretende reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
El presente trabajo aborda el mecanismo de funcionamiento de un mercado de derechos de emisión y, de manera explícita, las novedades regladas más recientemente por la Unión a través de diferentes directivas que van a tener una trascendencia vital en la economía comunitaria. Paralelamente, se abordan los efectos de la tributación de los derechos de emisión y la fiscalidad del nuevo régimen de derechos y su regulación en el mercado de emisiones.
Presentación no. 425
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 425, 1984: 115-116.
Oferta y demanda globales ; Estimado de la balanza de pagos ; Ayuda económica y militar a El Salvador del gobierno de Estados Unidos 1981-1985 ; Principales acciones de sabotaje del FMLN: enero-diciembre de 1983 ; Captura de armamento por el FMLN Enero-diciembre de 1983 ; Principales acciones militares del FMLN Enero-diciembre de 1983 ; Bajas identificadas de la Fuerza Armada por rango: 1982-1983 ; Bajas de la Fuerza Armada, reportadas por acción y departamento, 1982-1983
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 425, 1984: 175-180.
O espelho como metáfora para o processo de tradução em "The Exchange" de Jhumpa Lahiri
Authors: Santos Amanda
Published: October 2024

A escritora norte-americana Jhumpa Lahiri publicou em 2015 In Altre Parole, um livro escrito diretamente em italiano pela primeira vez. Traduzido para o inglês como In Other Words (2017), a obra reúne um conjunto de textos autobiográficos e ficcionais que refletem sobre o processo da escritora em se exprimir em uma língua estrangeira. No conto ficcional “The Exchange”, uma tradutora muda-se para uma cidade cujo idioma não fala. Em um dos momentos da narrativa, a personagem depara- se com um espelho tripartido. O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre o espelho como uma metáfora que pode ser utilizada para referir-se a processos tradutórios com diferentes propósitos, conforme analisa Julio-César Santoyo (2013). Assim, analisa-se as peculiaridades do espelho como concebido por Lahiri enquanto metáfora para a tradução.
Performance of Lentinus edodes cultures obtained from various regions of sporophore
Authors:   Department of	Plant Pathology, Annamalai University, Tamil	Nadu-India, Kannan C.
Published: October 2024

Tissues from Lentinula edodes were collected from various regions of the sporocarp, specifically the stipe, pileus, and the junction of the pileus and stipe, and subsequently cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate key yield attributes that influence mushroom cultivation. We assessed the spawn run duration, time taken for primordial initiation, average weight of sporocarps, total number of sporocarps produced, overall yield, and biological efficiency of each culture. Our findings indicate significant variations in growth characteristics among the different tissue sources. Notably, cultures derived from the junction of the pileus and stipe demonstrated superior performance, exhibiting the shortest spawn run period and the highest yield and biological efficiency. These results suggest that the anatomical location of the tissue plays a crucial role in the growth and productivity of Lentinula edodes. The insights gained from this study contribute to a better understanding of the optimal tissue selection for enhanced mushroom cultivation under controlled conditions, thereby promoting efficient production practices in the industry. Future research should further explore the physiological mechanisms that underpin these differences in yield attributes.
Effect of various surface sterilant on tissue germination and contamination of Lentinus edodes
Authors:   Department of	Plant Pathology, Annamalai University, Tamil	Nadu-India, Kannan C.
Published: October 2024

Surface sterilant at various conc. viz., ethanol (75; 80; 85%) mercuric chloride (0.05; 0.1; 0.2%) and sodium hypochlorite (1; 2; 3%) were tested on tissue germination and contamination of Lentinus edodes. After the incubation period, observations were recorded on percent tissue germination, radial growth and contamination percentage.
Exploring the Efficacy of Natural Compounds and Derivatives in Dermatological Care: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Botany, Government First Grade College, Vijayanagara. Bengaluru -560104, India., Kumari B M Rathna
Published: October 2024

Natural compounds and their derivatives have gained significant attention in dermatological care due to their potential therapeutic properties and minimal adverse effects compared to synthetic alternatives. This comprehensive review explores the efficacy of various natural compounds and their derivatives in treating a wide range of dermatological conditions. We discuss the mechanisms of action, clinical evidence, and potential applications of these compounds in skincare, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties. Additionally, we highlight emerging trends, challenges, and future directions in harnessing natural compounds for dermatological care. By providing a thorough overview of the current research landscape, this review aims to guide clinicians, researchers, and consumers in making informed decisions regarding the use of natural products in skincare.
Soil-Plant Interactions: The Chemistry of Nutrient Uptake and Utilization
Authors:   Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu India, Bhuvaneswari R. , Saravanan K.	R. , Vennila S. ,   Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu India, Suganthi S.
Published: October 2024

Soil-plant interactions play a pivotal role in determining the health and productivity of crops. Understanding the chemistry behind nutrient uptake and utilization is essential for optimizing agricultural practices and ensuring sustainable crop production and the complex processes that govern the availability, absorption, and assimilation of essential nutrients in plants. It explores the chemical forms of nutrients in the soil, the mechanisms of root absorption, and the factors that influence nutrient bioavailability. Additionally, it examines the role of soil pH, organic matter, and microbial activity in nutrient cycling, as well as the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and moisture on nutrient uptake. Through a comprehensive analysis of recent research, this paper highlights the importance of soil management practices in enhancing nutrient efficiency and crop yield, providing insights for researchers, agronomists, and farmers alike.
The Use of the OpenAI GPT-3 AI Technology for Marketing Content Purposes
Authors: TANASE Ionut , Cristiana VOICU Bianca , (POPA) CHIVU Raluca-Giorgiana , Florentina GREJDAN Elena
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies rapidly transform marketing worldwide with fast-paced content creation productivity driven by machine learning algorithms generating heightened interest from researchers. In recent years, AI tools helped writers by acting as a helping hand in the creation process, quick fact-checking and grammar correction. As OpenAI introduced the Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 model (GPT-3), its newest autoregressive language model that uses deep learning to produce human-like text; we have researched its usability for generating a wide range of marketing content. The main objective of the research was to analyze different outputs of the GPT-3 AI with the help of a group of anonymous respondents to attempt to measure its usability in marketing environments as well as a way to measure if GPT-3 could pass the Touring test.
SOME ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROCESS OF OBTAINING EDUCATION
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Bokiev Jakhongir
Published: October 2024

"Humanity is achieving great growth in its development, modern living conditions, and incredible possibilities of digital technologies. Especially in recent years, artificial intelligence technologies, which have become widely popular all over the world, are used in almost all spheres of society and create many conveniences for people. According to statistics, the field of education continues to be one of the areas where artificial intelligence technologies are most widely used. Such technologies, while helping to realize human rights, also create some problems that need to be solved. In particular, the use of artificial intelligence technologies in educational processes violates the principle of equal rights for learners due to a lack of legal regulation. Furthermore, in order to apply artificial intelligence, the student must either enter or approve the use of his personal information. This case calls into question the privacy of personal information. This article conducts a scientific study on the legal implications of using artificial intelligence technology in educational processes, the privacy of users personal data, and learners equal rights in the use of artificial intelligence. As a result of the research, proposals aimed at improving national legislation and legal practice in the field of education will be developed.
"
"ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF PREVENTION OF INTEREST CONFLICT IN THE GOVERNMENTAL PURCHASE SYSTEM "
Authors:   "Center for Professional training of lawyers by International Standards ", Maxmudov Firuz
Published: October 2024

"In this article, the issues of preventing conflicts of interest in the relationships of public civil servants related to public procurement are analyzed from a scientific-theoretical and organizational-legal point of view. The positive aspects of preventing conflicts of interest in the effective implementation of public procurement in the civil service of the state are based on the importance of legal regulation of the problems arising in practice and the relevance of the rational use of state budget funds. Based on the nature of the subject, the subject of research is analyzed from the general to the specific, based on the methods of comparison, logical consistency, and application to science, foreign experience, practice, and legal procedures. As part of the results of the research, the issues of preventing conflicts of interest in public procurement, improving the basis of responsibility, digitizing the industry, introducing artificial intelligence capabilities into the industry, and revising the tasks and powers of competent state bodies were discussed in detail. In connection with the conclusion of the research, proposals of an organizational nature were put forward in connection with the improvement of the legislation in relation to the elimination of legal and existing practice problems. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the risks of corruption and conflict of interest in the relationships of state civil servants related to public procurement are very high, and it was scientifically and legally proven that the field needs state control. A conclusion was reached regarding the legal improvement of the activities of the competent bodies for the regulation of conflicts of interest in the field of public procurement, including the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
"
DIGITAL INHERITANCE AND ITS LEGAL ISSUES IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Akramov Akmaljon
Published: October 2024

"In this article, the issues of digitization of the legal system related to heritage in Uzbekistan today, the legal regulations governing them and their classification, legal conflicts related to cryptocurrencies, digital properties and this heritage, access barriers for digital documents and passwords, social media, and Web 2.0 problems of account inheritance are studied. Also, collection, storage, processing, distribution and use of information about the personal life of an individual, telephone conversations, mail, telegraph and other messages without his consent, as well as recommendations related to the protection of information related to the violation of legal documents, digital rights in inheritance relations, specific legal proposals and recommendations related to the role and importance of digital property and digital inheritance as an object of inheritance law, recommendations related to the regulation of norms clearly defining the ratio of legal force of will and inheritance, to digital properties (cryptocurrency, tokens, cryptoassets) as the subject of a will in inheritance relations. It consists of proposals and recommendations related to its specific features, issues of responsibility related to heritage objects in trust management, digital control in trust management, and practical suggestions regarding the prospects of the development of trust management in Uzbekistan.
"
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE FIELD OF BIG DATA: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Law, Mamanazarov Sardor
Published: October 2024

"This article is devoted to analyzing problems and potential solutions in the regulation of the rights and responsibilities of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of the processing and analysis of Big Data. We explore the legal and ethical aspects of accountability, transparency, non-discrimination, and protection of personal data in the use of AI. The research examines existing legal frameworks, and we propose measures that have the potential to improve them significantly, including the development of specific legislation, the establishment of independent audit mechanisms, the establishment of transparency and accountability requirements, and the promotion of international cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the role of transparency and accountability principles in AI regulation. The features of regulation of AI and Big Data in Uzbekistan are analyzed. It is concluded that with these promising measures, it is necessary to create an effective and balanced regulatory system that ensures the development of innovative technologies and the protection of human rights in the digital age.
"
"THE EMERGENCE OF THE SCIENCE OF CRIMINOLOGY, ACTUAL TASKS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS "
Authors:   Academy of MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan,, Abdurasulova Qumrinisa , Umirzakov Begzod ,   Academy of MIA of the Republic of Uzbekistan,
Published: October 2024

"This article analyzes the social necessity for the emergence of criminology as a science, its prospects for development, and its current pressing tasks. Criminology, in its aim, studies crime, its causes and conditions, the personality of the criminal, the victim of the crime, the nature, features, and regularities of crime prevention, provides criminological descriptions of specific types and directions of crime, develops measures to improve the effectiveness of crime prevention, and supplies the practice of crime prevention with scientific proposals and recommendations. Although this science is relatively “young” compared to other legal sciences, it is of particular importance in providing the practice of combating crime with necessary information due to its connection with both social and legal sciences. The emergence of criminology as an independent science dates back to the mid-19th century. Some researchers link the emergence of criminology to the publication of Italian Cesare Beccaria’s book “On crimes and punishments” in 1764, but the term “criminology” was first used by the Frenchman Paul Topinard in 1879 during his anthropological research. The article examines the existence of criminology as a science based on three different approaches. Additionally, the article analyzes how criminology fulfills its tasks through identifying, collecting, predicting, and informing the public. Suggestions are made regarding the need to conduct research on topics such as “Digital criminology,” “The role of artificial intelligence in predicting crimes,” “The role of artificial intelligence in preventing crimes in the field of information technology,” and “The role of artificial intelligence in preventing crimes in the field of information technology.”
"
"THE CONCEPT OF NOTARIAL PROCESS AND ITS CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES"
Authors:   "Academic Lyceum under Tashkent State University of  Law ", Karimova Madina
Published: October 2024

" In this scientific article, the subject of research is the concept of the notarial process and its characteristic constituent elements, signs and features. Considering the multidisciplinary activities of notaries and the versatility of their work, the scientific article pays special attention to modern trends in the notarial process, namely digitalization, strengthening of electronic notarial document flow, and preference for completing the majority of notarial transactions in a remote format, as the most promising direction for optimizing the notarial process. Playing a key role in maintaining legal stability and preventing legal disputes, their practice provides access to legal services to a wide range of citizens and organizations, simplifying legal processes. The purpose of the research in this scientific article is a brief study of the concept, features, and characteristic features of the notarial process as a practical component of the notary as a whole. The relevance of studying the meaning and concept of the modern notarial process is due to the fact that notarial documents today protect the interests of the parties and increase confidence in transactions and agreements. The methodology consists of research methods, in particular, the scientific article used such methods as dialectical, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, generalization, modeling, and forecasting. The results of the study are conclusions and general methodological proposals for updating the notarial process in order to improve and optimize it. These areas should be of a strategic and programmatic nature, implemented at a constant level, since the constant work of notaries can be effectively implemented through smart technologies and approaches to their use.
"
HOOLIGANISM: LAW ENFORCEMENT PROBLEMS
Authors:   "University  of Public Safety of the Republic of Uzbekistan", Mirzaraimov Sardor
Published: October 2024

This article examines the qualification problems that are faced today during the investigation and preliminary investigation of criminal offenses, specific aspects of the proof process and aspects of legal regulation of these issues, the identity of the victim, his rights, and other issues related to the subject. The article also contains a dispositional commentary on the crime of hooliganism, which provides a legal interpretation of the existing problems in the application of certain proposals as well as suggestions that their legal definition should be reflected in legislation. In accordance with Article 13 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated August 8, 2023, DRU-860, “On anti-corruption expertise of normative legal acts and their drafts,” the proposal “expressed in demonstrative disregard for generally recognized rules of conduct,” which is also an aggravating circumstance of the crime of hooliganism, was noted as an indefinite proposal of discretionary powers in practice, as a legal solution to the problem, a scientific and legal definition of this proposal has been developed, which should be fixed in the explanatory part of Section 8 of the Criminal Code. The research used methods such as analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, and comparative legal analysis. During the research, advanced foreign experience, scientific and theoretical views, and investigative and judicial practice were studied, as a result of which proposals and recommendations were developed for making appropriate amendments and additions to the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other legislative and subordinate acts.
The Effects of Training on Employee Performance: A Case of Tanzania Police Headquarters
Authors: Gange Valenciana , Barongo Felician
Published: October 2024

Human resources are considered valuable in any organization as they ensure every task is done smoothly. However, if these human resources are not well equipped with the right equipment, techniques and knowledge on how to perform their duties, they cannot be productive, and this is where training comes in as a solution to solving these problems. This study aims to show how training contributes to improved employee performance at Tanzania Police Headquarters. The study was guided by open innovation theory and organizational development theory. The study adopted a case design because it took a short time and was constructed as a single case study of the Tanzania Police Headquarters (TPF). Both probability and non-probability sampling methods were beneficial in helping the purpose underlying this study. The target population was the Tanzania Police Force (TPF) headquarters employees in Dar es Salaam city. The 125 sampled TPF employees were drawn from three nominated departments to offer information in the study using questionnaires, interviews, and literature reviews as instruments of data collection. Data was analyzed using social science statistical package. The findings revealed that in the study area, different types of training were provided to employees such as on job training, promotional training, refresher training, technological training and orientation training. Employees at TPF revealed that training has increased the morale of employees, reduced employee turnover, improved staff retention and improved job satisfaction as well as improved skills which have improved performance. Data findings indicated that the absence of training needs assessment, outdated curriculum, limited facilities; incompetent trainers and insufficient funds were barriers to conducting training. The study concluded that training has increased the morale of employees, reduced employee turnover, improved staff retention and improved job satisfaction as well as improved skills which has improved performance. It was recommended that TPF should establish strong strategic plans to support training and development to employees as well as reduce hindrances facing the proper utilization of training and all these can be considered when there is a strong policy for training and evaluation of training needs assessment.
MODEL E-BRI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MENULIS PADA SISWA MIN 9 JAKARTA SELATAN
Authors: SETYAWATI NUNING
Published: October 2024

The world of education is growing, requiring teachers to be more creative and innovative in doing learning. So that there is a need for innovation in learning, during the pandemic it causes low student literacy and results in their writing ability. Ebri's Project Based Learning (PjBl) model which is applied to Indonesian language learning theme 1 class 6 MIN 9 South Jakarta is a solution to improve students' critical thinking skills in writing skills. In this model students make observations about plastic waste, analyze and solve problems. Students make an Ebri project (ecobrick) from the analysis of previous observations and this project is beneficial for the environment and other living things. Because students become the center of learning (student center) and the teacher's role is only as a guide in this project, students have an extraordinary experience because this model can indirectly integrate into several other subjects in one activity. The overall results classically show that this learning model is more effective than the conventional learning model used previously and improves students' critical thinking skills in expressing their ideas in observation reports. It is also beneficial for the school as well as the environment.
ABSTRAKDunia pendidikan yang makin berkembang, menuntut guru untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam melakukan pembelajaran. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi dalam pembelajaran, selama masa pandemi menyebabkan literasi siswa rendah dan berakibat pada kemampuan menulisnya. Model Project Based Learning (PjBl) Ebri yang diaplikasikan pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia tema 1 kelas 6 MIN 9 Jakarta Selatan ini menjadi solusi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam keterampilan menulis pada siswa. Dalam model PjBl ini siswa melakukan pengamatan tentang sampah plastik, menganalisis dan melakukan pemecahan masalah. Siswa membuat sebuah proyek Ebri (ecobrick) dari hasil analisis pengamatan sebelumnya dan proyek ini bermanfaat untuk lingkungan dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Karena siswa menjadi pusat pembelajaran (student center) dan peran guru hanya sebagai pembimbing pada proyek ini, maka siswa mempunyai pengalaman yang luar biasa karena secara tidak langsung model ini dapat mengintegrasikan ke beberapa mata pelajaran lainnya dalam satu kegiatan. Hasil keseluruhan secara klasikal menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran ini lebih efektif dari pada model pembelajaran konvensional yang digunakan sebelumnya dan meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis pada siswa dalam menuangkan idenya pada laporan pengamatan. Hal ini juga bermanfaat bagi sekolah serta lingkungan.
FEATURES AND HISTORICAL RESEARCH OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE SYRDARYA REGION OF THE TURKESTAN REGION AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Tuleyev M.T. , Nurzhanova A.M. , Zhetibaev K.M.
Published: October 2024

Thearticlepresentsa historicaland economicanalysisof the peculiaritiesof agriculturaldevelopmentinthe Syrdaryaregionof the Turkestanregionof the earlyXXcentury.An assessmentof the degreeof studyof historiographyonthistopicis alsogiven.There isreasonto believethatthisissuehas beenwidelyconsideredinRussianhistoriographyoverthe pasttwodecades.Monographs,textbooksanddissertationshave beenwrittenonthistopic.However, a numberof aspectsof the internalstructureof the problemrequirecarefulconsideration.Inparticular,weunderstandthatthe factorsof adaptationanddevelopmentof the localclimateby immigrantsfromthe Europeanpartof the RussianEmpirerequiresystematicattention.Inthis regard, ourresearchworksoughtto payspecialattentionto the lifestyleof immigrantsinthe newnaturaland climaticenvironment.The workof the establishedgovernmentcommissionsonthe effectivedevelopmentof agriculturein the regionandthe regulationof resettlementconditionsfor migrantswas alsoanalyzed.The tsaristadministrativesystemfollowedthe colonialprincipleinthe policyof supportingthe cultivationof agriculturalspeciesinthe region.Railways,watermillsandthreshingmachines werebuiltforthispurpose.Fromourpointof view,oneofthe mainurgentproblemsisthe economicpeculiaritiesof the waysof purchasingandsellingagriculturalproducts.Thisis duetothe factthatit canbe assumedthatlocaldekhanssufferedfroma numberof consequencesdueto thelackof theseeconomicmechanisms.
CRIANÇAS DO ESPECTRO AUTISTA NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: DESAFIOS A SEREM SUPERADOS PELO PROFESSOR
Authors: Nonato Gleides Ander , Rocha Aline Aparecida Teixeira , Abreu Ana Carolina Zanon Benício de , Prado Josiane Scalabrini de Souza , Almeida Letícia Caldas Guimarães de , Rocha Patrícia Scofield Moreira
Published: October 2024

É reconhecidamente direito do aluno portador de TEA (Transtorno do Espectro Autista) ter uma educação de qualidade e inclusiva. Esses direitos são garantidos por leis e corroborados pelas instituições de ensino e pela sociedade em geral. Entende-se essa compreensão como indispensável para garantir o direito constitucional à igualdade e à educação. Entretanto, faz-se necessária a devida reflexão sobre os desafios enfrentados diariamente pelo professor dentro das salas de aula. O reconhecimento e compreensão desses desafios são premissa fundamental para o desenvolvimento de alternativas que possam auxiliar o docente, sendo essa peça fundamental no processo de modo que se possa garantir que a inclusão desses educandos ocorra de fato. Para esse estudo, utilizou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica como forma de analisar as referências teóricas de autores reconhecidamente engajados com o tema inclusão. Para tal, utilizaram-se obras de autores como: MANTOAN (2005), MOTA (2020) e CUNHA (2022), dentre outros. A análise dessas obras permitiu as observações e reflexões sobre o tema, trazendo à luz a realidade atual, o confronto dessas ideias com a necessidade de suporte e auxílio ao docente. Esse profissional encontra, atualmente, no âmbito do contexto escolar, diversos obstáculos para cumprir sua função como mediador no processo inclusivo de estudantes portadores de TEA.
A EUTANÁSIA E O DIREITO PENAL BRASILEIRO: ANÁLISE JURÍDICA, ÉTICA E SOCIAL
Authors: Aguiar Marcus Vinicius Magalhães , Bezerra Marco Antonio Alves , Lustosa Kárita Barros
Published: October 2024

A análise da eutanásia à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro revela um contraste marcante entre a prática em países que a legalizaram e a abordagem restritiva adotada no ordenamento brasileiro. Em nações onde a prática é regulamentada, observa-se um respeito pela autonomia individual e pela dignidade humana, aspectos fundamentais consagrados em suas legislações. No contexto brasileiro, o tema ainda se mostra envolto em tabus e resistências culturais que impedem um avanço significativo. A Constituição Federal Brasileira preconiza a dignidade humana como um princípio essencial, mas a atual legislação não reflete adequadamente esse preceito quando se trata de eutanásia. A imposição de viver em condições de sofrimento extremo, sem a opção de optar por uma morte digna, contraria o princípio da autonomia da vontade e a dignidade que o ordenamento também deveria garantir. O estudo volta-se à análise sobre a eutanásia ser reconhecida como um direito fundamental, alinhado com a dignidade humana e a liberdade de escolha, e que a legislação brasileira deve evoluir para refletir essas premissas, buscando respostas justas e sensíveis às necessidades dos indivíduos em situações de grande sofrimento e sem reversibilidade.
Peran Negara Dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusiaterhadap Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (studi kasus Vonis Mati TKIdi Arab Saudi)
Authors: Aniek Periani  , Iskatrinah
Published: October 2024

Berbicara hukuman mati yang terjadi di Saudi Arabia, makasangat erat kaitannya dengan negara Indonesia. Pasalnya, sebagian dariseluruh penduduk Indonesia yang saat ini berada diluar negerisekitar 494.609 Jiwa dari 4.694.484 Jiwa penduduk Indonesia yangsaat ini terdata tahun 2012 berada di Arab Saudi. Dari data kemudianbisa dilihat bahwa antusias warga Negara Indonesia yang mencarinafkah di luar negeri pada tahun 2012 sangat signifikan. Banyaknyakasus-kasus yang terjadi seperti vonis hukuman mati yang menimpapara Tenaga Kerja Indonesia di Saudi Arabia menjadi salah satu analisisyang kemudian perlu untuk dicermati dan dibahas dari berbagaipersoalan yang muncul. Maka dari kasus- kasus yang sudah penulisjelaskan diatas, penulis merasa tertarik untuk membahas keterkaitanantara dengan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam kasus Hukuman Mati yangmenimpa para Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) di Saudi Arabia
Akibat Hukum Wasiat Tanpa Akta Notaris Dalam PerspektifKitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata Dan Kompilasi HukumIslam
Authors: Suryati
Published: October 2024

Wasiat merupakan bagian hukum kewarisan Indonesia yangkeberadaanya diatur dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif. Wasiat yangdibuat seseorang harus ditunjukkan dengan bukti akta yang dapatdipertanggungjawabkan, oleh karena itu pembuatan wasiat sepatutnyadibuktikan dengan adanya bukti tertulis, meskipun kita mengetahuibahwa dalam Kompilasi HukumIslam wasiat dapat dilakukan baik secaralisan maupun tulisan. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahuiakibat hukum wasiat tanpa akta notaris dalam perspektif Kitab UndangUndang Hukum Perdata dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Kesimpulan bahwawasiat tanpa akta notaris dalam pandangan Kompilasi Hukum Islam(KHI) tidak ada kewajiban mengikut sertakan notaris dalam pembuatanwasiat, sedangkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata)diwajibkan mengikut sertakan notaris. Akibat hukum wasiat tanpaadanya akta Notaris, menjadikan wasiat tersebut rawan akan gugatandari pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan karena pembuktiannya kurangkuat dan tidak ada kepastian hukum. Menurut KHI dan KUHPerdatabahwa wasiat perlu dibuktikan secara otentik, hal ini dimaksudkan agartidak terjadi hal-hal negatif yang tidak diinginkan oleh pewasiat maupunpenerima wasiat.
Transformasi Teknologi Digital Dalam Pelayanan Pengadilan DanTantangan Implementasi E-Court Di Indonesia
Authors: Nurlaeli Sukesti Ariani Nasution
Published: October 2024

Artikel ini bermaksud mengeksplanasitransformasi pengadilan dan peradilan Indonesia dari yangkonvensional ke model digital (e-court). Penyelenggaraan e-courtsebenarnya lebih dari sekadar layanan administratif perkara,namun juga pelaksanaan pemeriksaan sidang secara elektronik, diantaranya alat bukti ditransformasi ke dalam dokumen elektronik.Sebagai praktik yang baru tumbuh di lingkungan pengadilanIndonesia, maka permasalahan utamanya adalah dampaktransformasi teknologi digital itu dalam layanan pengadilan, danupaya menghadapi tantangan dalam implementasi e-court. Artikelini menggunakan metode doktrinal, sehingga mengandalkanbahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Hasil analisis menunjukkanbahwa transformasi elektronik itu menciptakan efisiensiberdasarkan pengertian ajaran “hukum dan ilmu ekonomi” (lawand economics), namun juga tuntutan ketrampilan teknologis,untuk semua aktor yang terlibat dalam system e-court itu
Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Cara Penyelesaian Pembiayaan MurabahahBermasalah (Studi Kasus Di KSPPS Nururrohmah Al Barokah)
Authors: Haris kusumawardana  , Wiwin Mochtar Wiyono  , Emy Handayani
Published: October 2024

Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui carapenyelesaian pembiayaan murabahah bermasalah/ kredit macet diKSPPS Nurrurrohmah Al Barokah. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebutpenulis menggunakan metode pendekatan yang dipakai adalah yuridisempiris. Dengan metode pegumpulan data observasi dan wawancara.teknik analisis data deskriptif, dimana peneliti menggambarkan tentanggambaran kondisi dan situasi di KSPPS Nururrohmah Al Barokah. Carapenyelesaian pembiayaan murabahah bermasalah/ kredit macet diKSPPS Nurrurrohmah Al Barokah adalah Pemberitahuan melaluitelepon kepada nasabah yang telat melakukan pembayaran;pemberian surat penagihan I; penagihan langsung oleh pengelola(apabila surat penagihan pertama tidak berhasil); penagihan olehPengurus tidak berhasil, nasabah akan diminta untuk datang kekantor dan menemui pengurus agar permasalahan dapatterselesaikan dengan baik-baik melalui perundingan. Cara terakhiryang dilakukan oleh pihak BMT adalah melalui sita jaminan
Pemeriksaan Terhadap Notaris oleh Majelis Pengawas Notaris DaerahKabupaten Banyumas Periode Tahun 2022–2025
Authors: Hestin Tri Yulianti  , Wahyu Hariadi  , Haris kusumawardana
Published: October 2024

Peranan dan kewenangan Notaris sangat penting dalamkehidupan masyarakat untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum terhadapperbuatan-perbuatan hukum yang dilakukan. Dalam menjalankan perandan kewenangan itu, perilaku dan perbuatan yang dilakukan Notarissangat rentan terhadap penyalahgunaan jabatan profesinya, sehinggadapat merugikan masyarakat. Untuk menghindari kerugian olehmasyarakat itu diperlukan suatu badan yang melakukan pengawasanterhadap Notaris. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimanapelaksanaan pemeriksaan terhadap Notaris oleh Majelis PengawasDaerah Kabupaten Banyumas Periode tahun 2022-2025 dan kendalayang dihadapi dalam pemeriksaan tersebut. Metode penelitianmenggunakan yuridis normatif dengan metode analisis data berupaanalisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkanbahwa pengawasan, pemeriksaan dan pembinaan terhadap Notarisdilakukan oleh Menteri Hukum dan HAM yang dalam pelaksanaanyaMenteri membentuk Majelis Pengawas Notaris (MPN), berdasarkan UUNo 2 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas UU No 30 tahun 2004 tentangJabatan Notaris. Dalam hal ini, MPD merupakan ujung tombak dari MPNdalam melakukan pengawasan, pemeriksaan dan pembinaan terhadapNotaris.
Machine Learning Assisted Chemical Characterization and Optical Properties of Atmospheric Brown Carbon in Nanjing, China
Authors: Huang Yu , Li Xingru , Huang Dan Dan , Lei Ruoyuan , Zhou Binhuang , Zhang Yunjiang , Ge Xinlei
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The light-absorbing organics, namely brown carbon (BrC), can significantly affect atmospheric visibility and radiative forcing, yet their chemical and optical properties remain poorly understood. Here, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the particulate matter (PM2.5) samples collected in Nanjing, China during 2022 ~ 2023 with a particular interest on the identification of key BrC molecules. First, the water-soluble organic aerosol (WSOA) was more oxygenated during cold season (CS) due to a highly oxidized secondary OA (SOA) factor that was strongly associated with aqueous/heterogeneous reactions especially during nighttime, while the WSOA during summer season (SS) was less oxygenated and the SOA was mainly from photochemical reactions. Fossil fuel combustion hydrocarbon-like OA was the largest and dominant contributor to the light absorption during CS (55.6 ~ 63.7 %). Secondly, our observations reveals that aqueous oxidation can lead to notable photo-enhancement during CS, while photochemical oxidation on the contrary caused photo-bleaching during SS; Both water-soluble and methanol-soluble organics had four key fluorophores, including three factors relevant with humic-like substances (HULIS) and one protein-like component. Thirdly, molecular characterization show that CHON compounds were overall the most abundant species, followed by CHO and CHN compounds, and significant presence of organosulfates in CS samples reaffirmed the importance of aqueous-phase formation. Finally, building upon the molecular characterization and light absorption measurement results, the machine learning approach was applied to identify the key BrC molecules, and 31 compounds including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), oxyheterocyclic PAHs, quinones, and nitrogen-containing species, etc., which can be a good reference for future studies.
Country and species-dependent parameters for the Heating Degree Day method to distribute NOx and PM emissions from residential heating in the EU-27: application to air quality modelling and multi-year emission projections
Authors: Guion Antoine , Couvidat Florian , Guevara Marc , Colette Augustin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The combustion of fossil and biofuels in the residential sector can cause high background levels of air pollutants in winter, but also pollution peaks during cold periods. Its emissions are dominated by space heating and show strong daily variations linked to changes in outside temperatures. The Heating Degree Days (HDDs) approach allows to represent daily variations in space heating emissions. The method depends on a temperature threshold ("Tb") below which building heating is activated, and a fraction ("f") considering the relative contribution of space heating to total residential combustion emissions. These parameters are fixed in the literature. However, they are likely to vary according to the country and pollutant. Using statistics on household energy consumption, we provide country- and species-dependent Tb and f parameters to derive daily temporal factors distributing PM and NOx emissions from the residential sector in the EU-27. Tested in the CHIMERE model, the simulations show better performance scores (temporal correlation and threshold exceedance detection) in winter, especially for PM, when compared to the simulation with a monthly temporal factor, or based on HDDs but using fixed parameters from the literature. Finally, the HDDs with fitted parameters are used as a method to project official annual residential combustion emissions in subsequent years, as these are typically reported with a 2-year time lag. Results show that this method performs better regarding the persistence method and remains within emission uncertainties for both PM and NOx emissions, indicating the importance of considering HDDs for air quality forecasting.
Peltigera lichen thalli produce highly efficient ice nucleating agents
Authors: Eufemio Rosemary J. , Renzer Galit , Rojas Mariah , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Sformo Todd L. , Lutzoni François , Vinatzer Boris A. , Meister Konrad
Published: October 2024

Abstract. From extracellular freezing to cloud glaciation, the crystallization of water is ubiquitous and shapes life as we know it. Efficient biological ice nucleators (INs) are crucial for organism survival in cold environments and, when aerosolized, serve as a significant source of atmospheric ice nuclei. Several lichen species have been identified as potent INs capable of inducing freezing at high subzero temperatures. Despite their importance, the abundance and diversity of lichen INs are still not well understood. Here, we investigate ice nucleation activity in the cyanolichen-forming genus Peltigera from across a range of ecosystems in the Arctic, the Northwestern United States, and Central and South America. We find strong IN activity in all tested Peltigera species, with ice nucleation temperatures above -12 °C, and 35 % of the samples initiating freezing at temperatures at or above -6.2 °C. The Peltigera INs in aqueous extract appear resistant to freeze-thaw cycles, suggesting that they can survive dispersal through the atmosphere and thereby potentially influence precipitation patterns. An axenic fungal culture termed L01-tf-B03, from the lichen Peltigera britannica JNU22, displayed an ice nucleation temperature of -5.6 °C at 1 mg mL-1 and retained remarkably efficient IN-activity at concentrations as low as 0.1 ng mL-1. Our analysis suggests that the INs released from this fungus in culture are 1000 times more efficient than the most potent bacterial INs from Pseudomonas syringae. The global distribution of Peltigera lichens, in combination with the IN-efficiency, emphasizes their potential to act as powerful ice nucleating agents in the atmosphere.
Observation and modelling of atmospheric OH and HO2 radicals at a subtropical rural site and implications for secondary pollutants
Authors: Zou Zhouxing , Chen Tianshu , Chen Qianjie , Sun Weihang , Han Shichun , Ren Zhuoyue , Li Xinyi , Song Wei , Ge Aoqi , Wang Qi , Tian Xiao , Pei Chenglei , Wang Xinming , Zhang Yanli , Wang Tao
Published: October 2024

Abstract. HOX radicals (OH and HO2) are crucial oxidants that determine atmospheric oxidation capacity and the production of secondary pollutants; however, their sources and sinks remain incompletely understood in certain forest and maritime environments. This study measured HO2 and OH concentrations using a chemical ionisation mass spectrometer at a subtropical rural site in southern China from 12 November to 19 December 2022. The average peak concentrations were 3.50 ± 2.47 × 106 cm−3 for OH and 1.34 ± 0.93 × 108 cm−3 for HO2. Calculations based on an observation-constrained chemical model revealed an overestimation of HO2 and OH concentrations during warm periods of the field study. These inaccuracies resulted in overestimations of production rates in the model simulation by up to 98 % for ozone and 341 % for nitric acid. Our study highlights the need for further improving understanding of the sources/sinks of OH and HO2.
Development and evaluation of a new 4DEnVar-based weakly coupled ocean data assimilation system in E3SMv2
Authors: Shi Pengfei , Leung L. Ruby , Wang Bin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The development, implementation, and evaluation of a new weakly coupled ocean data assimilation (WCODA) system for the fully coupled Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2) utilizing the four-dimensional ensemble variational (4DEnVar) method are presented in this study. The 4DEnVar method, based on the dimension-reduced projection four-dimensional variational (DRP-4DVar) approach, replaces the adjoint model with the ensemble technique, thereby reducing computational demands. Monthly mean ocean temperature and salinity data from the EN4.2.1 reanalysis are integrated into the ocean component of E3SMv2 from 1950 to 2021, with the goal of providing realistic initial conditions for decadal predictions and predictability studies. The performance of the WCODA system is assessed using various metrics, including cost function reduction, root mean square error (RMSE) differences, correlation differences, and model biases. Results indicate that the WCODA system effectively assimilates the reanalysis data into the climate model, achieving consistently negative cost function reductions and notable improvements in RMSE and correlation across various ocean layers and regions. Significant enhancements are observed in the majority of global ocean regions, particularly in the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Indian Ocean. Model biases in sea surface temperature and salinity are also substantially reduced. Furthermore, analysis of the connections between the ocean states and the regional climate over the US shows that the WCODA system improves the simulation of interannual precipitation and temperature variability over the southern US. The ultimate goal of the WCODA system is to advance the predictive capabilities of E3SM for subseasonal-to-decadal climate predictions, thereby supporting research on strategic energy-sector policies and planning.
3D Data Integration in the Voxel Domain
Authors: Gorte Ben , Zlatanova Sisi , Pilouk Morakot , Diakite Abdoulaye , Barton Jack
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The interest in 3D data integration is growing as the concept of Spatial Digital Twins gains traction among local governments and stakeholders. Spatial data is typically organized into standardised themes such as buildings, transport, and vegetation, or as ad hoc data products in either 2D or 3D dimensions. However, integrating these data sets into a cohesive 3D model presents several challenges. The foundational data sets may vary in terms of accuracy, resolution, representation, and actuality due to differences in creation standards and procedures. Consequently, inconsistencies often arise within the 3D models, making them difficult to identify and rectify. Many of these data integration issues can be traced back to the 3D vector representation. Vector 3D models exhibit significant geometric diversity, which complicates the computational operations required for examining and validating the models. In this paper, we propose a novel voxel-based approach for integrating 3D data. Voxels, analogous to pixels in 2D raster images, inherit several key properties. We employ a dedicated voxel data structure and a set of operations tailored for this purpose. First, we voxelise vector datasets, converting continuous geometric information into discrete voxel representations. Next, we merge voxel layers using a specialized voxel overlay operation. The resulting 3D model adheres to most validity and integrity requirements. To highlight the flexibility of our voxel data structure, we transformed it into point clouds for visualisation in ArcGIS Pro, enabling the addition of 3D base maps and GIS layers. We then published these datasets to Scene Services, granting public access. This allows users to easily explore the 3D scenes through a web browser, making complex geographic data more accessible. By leveraging voxels, our approach facilitates efficient and accurate 3D data integration, making it a valuable contribution to the field.