bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regionally Influenced Content of Selenium and Its Capacity under Postoperative Myocardial Remodeling in Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Stelmashenko A I , Beliaeva S A , Slepchenko G B
Published: February 2021

Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient in living organisms; however, some aspects of its metabolism and function remain unknown. Se deficiency causes significant disturbances in the cardiovascular system along with left ventricular (LV) fibrosis. Simultaneously, an understanding of pathways that influence Se role in heart failure progression is insufficient. Therefore, clinical studies are needed to characterize Se importance in developing post-infarct LV dysfunction and postoperative remodeling. In the Tomsk region, the level of Se in healthy people and the myocardium of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy was close to normal. Quantitative chemical analysis of Se content in hair samples and LV myocardium was based on stripping voltammetry to determine mass concentrations of the micro-element. Nevertheless, a significant number of cardiac surgery patients showed negative dynamics of postoperative LV myocardium remodeling with the development of heart failure. We obtained preliminary results of a direct correlation between favorable outcomes of postoperative adaptive myocardial remodeling (AR) and maladaptive myocardial remodeling (MALR) with different Se concentrations in the myocardium. Simultaneously, about 84% of patients showed abnormal postoperative LV MALR in high Se in the myocardium. Further in-depth studies are required to translate novel data from the laboratory bench to the clinics.
The Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Leaves of Crataegus Sanguinea Pall. (Redhaw Hawthorn) in the Urban Environment (On the Example of Orenburg)
Authors: Fedorova D G , Karpova G V , Ukenov B S
Published: February 2021

Trees growing in the city play an essential role in cleaning the atmosphere from various pollutants. We investigated the possibility of using Crataegus sanguinea Pall. (Redhaw hawthorn) as a bioindicator of air pollution with heavy metals and toxic elements in Orenburg. We analyzed the impact of air pollution by evaluating the morphometric parameters and chemical properties of redhaw hawthorn leaves. Redhaw hawthorn leaves were collected in the areas with most anthropogenic stress. We compared the amount of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and iron in the leaves. The plants in urbanized areas accumulated more heavy metals than the control samples. We organized heavy metals in a descending list by the intensity of their accumulation in plants: lead > copper > iron > zinc > cadmium. Our study demonstrated that redhaw hawthorn could be used as a pollution indicator in urbanized areas. Biomonitoring can be used to assess environmental pollution and rationally manage the environment in urban areas.
Changes in Lipid Peroxidation Indexes of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Population Depending on Residence Location
Authors: Nikolaev V M , Chirikova N K , Sofronova S I
Published: February 2021

The levels of TBA-active products and antioxidant defense indicators, such as low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWAO from now onward), Vitamin C, catalase, and uric acid, were higher in the new population if compared to indigenous people. When comparing the biochemical parameters by district type, the authors found that in the inhabitants of industrial districts (both new and indigenous), the prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB from now onward) was shifted towards higher peroxidation. The increase in antioxidants in the original population was due to higher levels of LMWAO. In the indigenous population it was caused by higher catalase activity. The new population had overstressed adaptive mechanisms, confirmed by higher levels of TBA-active products, Interleukins IL18 and IL6, and AST/ALT ratio. The indigenous residents of arctic districts had significantly lower TBA-active elements, LMWAO, catalase activity, but a higher ascorbic acid level (an endogenous antioxidant) compared to the indigenous population of industrial and agricultural districts. The decrease in lipid peroxidation and the increase in ascorbic acid in the population of Arctic districts may be explained by reduced anthropogenic stress and protein-lipid type nutrition, distinct from the population of other districts.
From “Deep” to “Dark”: The Revision of the Anthropological Foundations of an Environmental Entity
Authors: Butina A V , Kuzub O S , Medvedeva T V
Published: February 2021

The paper focuses on the philosophical foundations of the problem of the relationship between humans and the environment. The authors analyze the interpretations existing in the contemporary intellectual discourse. The authors search for an adequate concept of a current ecological subject. Based on the study of the principles of “deep ecology” by A. Naess and the main provisions of the “dark ecology” project by T. Morton, the authors reveal the critical aspects of the criticism of ecological egocentrism. It consists in the fact that humanity always thought of themselves as the center and the highest link in the evolutionary development of the Universe, not recognizing the autonomy of nature. Moreover, all values projected onto nature are initially anthropocentric and presuppose an orientation towards serving people’s interests. The authors argue that a complimentary program of approaches is the call for the transformation of ecological thinking and its ethical reorientation. However, these approaches have fundamental differences. “Deep ecology” focuses on recognizing the intrinsic value of all life forms on the Earth and proposes a strategy of active, responsible attitude to the ecosystem. In turn, “dark ecology” removes the concept of “nature” from the ecological discourse and orientates a person to the praxis of non-interference and passive, contemplative existence in the world of complex “strange” objects.
Some Aspects of the Work of Silos as Cellular Structures with Static and Temperature Effects
Authors: Zimnyukov V A , Zborovskaya M I
Published: February 2021

This work is devoted to studying the behavior of silos as cellular structures during their work on static and temperature effects. The paper presents the characteristic differences in the operation of metal and concrete silos, identifies their advantages and disadvantages, and considers the conditions of their work connected with the difficulty of storing “living” material backfill. The reasons for the destruction of metal silos are given. The work also evaluated the effect of surface tension of the moisture in the backfill at natural humidity and a backfill humidity higher than honest. The nature of the backfill behavior is shown depending on its moisture content. Information is given on the temperature distribution in the silo type cellular structure for seasonal and ten-day fluctuations in outdoor temperatures. It is proposed to consider the influence of these parameters in further research and design of cellular structures, including silos. It is also recommended to use the data given in the development of regulatory materials.
Ensuring Environmental Safety of the Arctic Region: The Case of Genomic Technologies
Authors: Voronina N P
Published: February 2021

The Arctic is a unique macro-region of national and global significance. The vulnerability of its ecosystems predetermines the uniqueness of the region. The Arctic is a territory with significant natural and biological resources, including hydrocarbons. The Arctic is also a place of traditional residence and economic activity of indigenous people. Climate change can irreversibly alter the Arctic ecosystems. Therefore, the development of legal mechanisms for environmental protection of the Arctic is a priority. Currently, biotechnologies are becoming increasingly important. Using genomic technologies allows one to solve Arctic-specific problems, such as providing food security. However, the application of genomic technologies to environmental safety of the Arctic has not yet received proper research in Russia. The documents on strategic planning for the Arctic development indicate that the application of genomic technologies is, currently, environmentally inadequate. This is a consequence of a current lack of the Arctic environmental framework on applying genomic technologies. The principles of the “green” economy are integral to ensuring the environmental safety of the Arctic. Therefore, this paper aims to formulate the principles of environmental safety of the Arctic region in applying genomic technologies. The author employed comparative-legal and formal-logical methods to analyze the current political, legal, and regulatory acts on the development and environmental safety of the Arctic. As a result of the study, the authors formed the principles of ensuring the environmental security of the Arctic region in the implementation of genomic technologies. These principles may become the foundation for the ecological-legal paradigm of the Arctic.
Economic Viability of the Specialized Agricultural Micro-enterprises in the Altai Krai
Authors: Vorobyova V V , Vorobyov S P , Shlegel S V
Published: February 2021

Recently, there was a decline in the specific production of agricultural enterprises, which creates certain production and financial risks. This study examines the degree of financial dependency of micro-enterprises of the Altai Krai, taking into account the differences existing in the extent of their specialization and the proportion of various branches of production. The authors analyzed the financial status of agricultural holdings located in the Altai Krai. They were arranged into 30 production categories. The findings demonstrated that horticultural enterprises specializing in sugar beet, sunflower, and grain farming were the most resilient to market fluctuations. However, such specialization led to overproduction and high price volatility. Moreover, monoculture farming showed a violation of the crop rotation system and deterioration of the soil condition, which hinders economic growth. The authors rely on the economic statistical method. Enterprises were categorized based on the statistical analysis conducted by the authors, considering the degree of specialization and the combination of industries, which allowed to identify the main tendencies in the discussed field.
The Influence of Soil Use on the Intensity of Soil CO2 Emission in the Conditions of Moderately Arid and Forest-Outlier Steppe of the Altai Krai
Authors: Morkovkin G G , Strebkova A S , Maximova N B
Published: February 2021

The climate changes of recent decades are mainly due to human activities and an abnormal increase in greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide released by the soil during emission is of particular importance. Soil carbon dioxide emissions are closely associated with the microbiological activity of the soil and the intensity of the mineralization of organic matter, which depends on the technologies used in agriculture. One of the ways to reduce the level of CO2 in the atmosphere is to increase its content in soils. Based on experimental studies, the paper provides a comparative assessment of methods of soil use influencing the intensity of soil CO2 emission under a moderately arid and forest-outlier steppe of the Altai Krai. The paper reveals that the traditional technology of soil use significantly enhances the intensity of CO2 emission. It negatively affects the humus state and soil fertility indicators and increases carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere. The use of minimal technology contributes to the conservation of carbon in the soil.
The Application of Digital Monitoring in Studying Soil Water Holding Capacity and Implications for Conservation Agriculture in the South-Western Siberia
Authors: Bondarovich A A , Matsyura A V , Schmidt Gerdt
Published: February 2021

The Kulunda Steppe is an example of soil degradation resulting from the intensive agricultural land use in the South Siberia. In this region, water is a limiting factor for crop production. Soil cultivation affects the soil’s physical properties, thus its water retention capacity. The study presents and discusses the results of measurements of the volume and availability of soil moisture at depths of 30cm, 60cm, and 120cm of loamy, low humus southern chernozems in the south of Western Siberia in the dry Kulunda Steppe during the 2013 and 2016 vegetation periods. We revealed some advantages of soil moisture conservation in the No-Tillage [NT] system compared with the system of deep tillage [DT]. At depths of up to 30 cm, there was a lower volume moisture level. Nevertheless, at depths of 60 cm, there was a higher moisture level in the NT system that could be considered a potential stock for individual crops during drought. Further measurements are needed to identify additional features of the NT soil conservation system.
SMART Technologies for the Prevention and Compensation of Environmental Damage in the Context of Sustainable Development
Authors: Sharno O I
Published: February 2021

The author analyzes the application of SMART technologies for the prevention and compensation of environmental damage. Considering that any activity is presumed to be dangerous and that the accumulated environmental damage is vast, the prevention and compensation of ecological damage are increasingly important. The author analyzed SMART technologies to prevent and compensate for ecological damage that ensure sustainable development and conservation of natural resources. This study is of practical significance due to the deterioration of environmental conditions. The elimination of the negative consequences of innovative, economically oriented activities through SMART technologies will ensure sustainable development and nature conservation. The author analyzed the theoretical, ecological, and legislative aspects of SMART technologies. The author defined the “SMART” acronym and gave analogs and interpretations of non-legal terms related to the environmental legislature and human rights. Additionally, the author compared technologies and techniques for identifying and systematizing the procedures of ecological compensation. The technologies of prevention and compensation were differentiated.
The Growth and Yields of Shallot (Allium Wakegi Araki) CV. lembah palu Growing under Hydroponic Substrate Systems
Authors: Yusuf R , Lasmini S A , Sandi M , Rahim A , Wahyudi I
Published: February 2021

The study was carried out used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with AB Mix concentration treatments consisting of six levels of concentrations, namely: Concentration of AB Mix solution 3 mL/L water (K1), Concentration of AB Mix solution 5 mL/L water (K2), Concentration of AB solution Mix 7 ml/l water (K3), Concentration of AB solution Mix 9 mL/L water (K4), Concentration of AB solution Mix 11 mL/L water (K5) and Concentration of AB Mix solution of 13 mL/L water (K6). The results showed that use of various concentrations of AB Mix solution did not affect the diameter of bulbs, fresh weight and dry weight of leaves of shallot but significantly affected fresh bulb weight, bulb dry weight, fresh weight roots, and root dry weights. In conclusion, the concentration of AB Mix of 7 mL/L of water gave the highest yield of fresh bulb weight of 17.63 g and dry weight of plant bulb 3.95 g.
The Concentration of polyethylen glycol (PeG) 400 on bioplastic cellulose based carrageenan waste on biodegradability and mechanical properties bioplastic
Authors: Maulana D S , Mubarak A S , Pujiastuti D Y
Published: February 2021

An additional ingredient is needed in making bioplastics to increase the elasticity value, namely plasticizer Polyethylene Glycol 400. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Polyethylene Glycol (PeG) 400 as a plasticizer in cellulose-based bioplastics from carrageenan-making waste to biodegradability and to determine the best concentration of Polyethylene Glycol (PeG) 400 on cellulose-based bioplastics on its mechanical properties. This activity was carried out from January to March 2020 in the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University. Data is collected by an experimental method that is by direct treatment, as well as by literature study. Experimental research used ANOVA data analysis and followed by DMRT. The results of this study indicate that the effect of PeG 400 was significantly different (P <0.05) on the ability of biodegradation with the highest value of 38.56% % for 7 days at a concentration of 4 ml. Based on the literature, the addition of PeG 400 by 30% is the best and produces a tensile strength value of 0.083 MPa.
Optimization of Extraction Time on The Characteristic of Gelatin from Scales of Red Snapper (Lutjanus sp.)
Authors: Safi’i I , Tjahjaningsih W , Masithah E D
Published: February 2021

Fish fillet products that are increasingly popular have an impact on the accumulation of waste that can pollute the environment. Red snapper scales are one of the fishery byproducts that can be used as raw material for making gelatin because they contain collagen. The quality of the resulting gelatin can be affected by the extraction time, so research is needed to find out the optimal extraction time to get the quality of gelatin from red snapper scales that meet quality standards. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications in each treatment. The treatment in this study was the use of different extraction times, namely one, two, three, four, and five hours. Data analysis was performed descriptively by comparing the results of testing the characteristics of red snapper scales gelatin with SNI and GMIA gelatin quality standards. The results showed that the extraction time of one hour was the optimal time in the process of extracting gelatin red snapper scales with yield of 7.38%, gel strength of 304.74 grams of Bloom, viscosity of 7.5 cp, water content of 14.02%, ash content of 1.23%, and pH 6.6. Red snapper scales can be used as raw material for gelatin to support the concept of zero waste in the fishery product processing industry.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Lead (Pb) Contents in Canned Crab Products by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS)
Authors: Agustina M , Mulyono  , Tjahjaningsih W
Published: February 2021

Crab, a fishery product commodity, is very likely to be contaminated by heavy metals from the aquatic environment due to chemical pollution. The analysis of lead-heavy metal content in canned crabs used a method that referred to SNI 2354.5: 2011 starting from sample preparation to reading the sample using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) instrument. The purpose of testing with AAS was to determine the levels of heavy metal Pb in samples of canned crab products carried out at BPMHP Semarang. The analysis results show that the Pb content of the sample of canned crab products is below the threshold of less than 0.5 mg/kg (SNI 6929: 2016) so that the product is safe for consumers. The residual content of heavy metals in a processed fishery product must be minimized to ensure the community’s continuity of healthy food.
The concentration of sorbitol on bioplastic cellulose based carrageenan waste on biodegradability and mechanical properties bioplastic
Authors: Arief M D , Mubarak A S , Pujiastuti D Y
Published: February 2021

Synthetic plastic waste is the cause of environmental pollution. Therefore, innovation is needed in the manufacture of plastics using renewable raw materials, namely bioplastics. Bioplastics can be made from carrageenan industrial waste because they have high cellulose content. Bioplastics it is necessary to add sorbitol plasticizer to affect the biodegradability and mechanical properties. This study aimed was to determine the effect of sorbitol concentration in synthesis bioplastics cellulose-based from carrageenan waste on biodegradability and too determined the best sorbitol concentration in the bioplastics cellulose to geet biodegradation standards and mechanical properties. This research is experimental in biodegradability testing by adding sorbitol (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 mL) to bioplastics and Article study on the mechanical properties of bioplastics. The experimental study used ANOVA data analysis and continued with DMRT. The results of this study indicated that the effect of sorbitol concentration affected the biodegradability of bioplastics (P <0.05) with the highest value of 58.68 ± 0.90% for seven days at a concentration of 12 mL. Based on the Article review, the optimum sorbitol concentration in production bioplastics cellulose that gets biodegradation standards and the mechanical properties of bioplastics was 3 mL.
The effect of different bait on the catch of traps in the waters of the tip of Pangkah Gresik Regency, East Java
Authors: Isroni W , Maulida N , Huda M
Published: February 2021

Pangkah Wetan Village is a coastal area with a distance of 2 Km from the district. It consists of 80,807 hectares of rain-fed rice fields, 203,465 hectares of dry land, 38,455 hectares of settlements, 2,406,416 hectares of tides, 2 hectares of fields, 47 hectares of public facilities and 451,278 hectares of others. The purpose of this study, among others, to determine the difference between the catch of small crab (P. pelagicus) with traps using swanggi fish bait, pepetek fish and keting to determine the most effective bait used for traps fishing gear. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The average catch of the bait fish is 10 fish with a standard deviation of 1.36. The average yield on Swanggi Bait was 8 tails with a standard deviation of 0.78. Meanwhile, the average catch of the pepetek spreads is 9 heads with a standard deviation of 1.00. In keting bait, the highest catch is 12 fish and the lowest catch is 8 fish. In swanggi bait, the highest catch was 9 fish and the lowest was 7 fish. Whereas the highest bait pepetek was 10 fish and the lowest was 7 heads.
The utilization of chitosan from Comb-pen shell (Atrina pectinata) as an emulsion stabilizer in the production of hand body cream
Authors: Supraptin Y , Sulmartiwi L , Saputra E
Published: February 2021

Chitosan is a natural polymer that can be used as a source of natural materials because it has good characteristics. Chitosan is used in the cosmetic sector as a humectant, thickener, moisturizer, antioxidant, sunscreen cream, and stabilizer. The shell chitosan of the shells is used as an emulsion stabilizer in the Hand Body Cream because the emulsion product has problems in its unstable nature so that oil and water are easily separated. The parameters observed were emulsion stability, pH, and TPC. The result of this study indicated that the chitosan substitution in the shell of the shells gave significantly different result (P<0.01) between the control treatment against the addition of 1%, 2%, and 3% chitosan addition, but there was no significant difference between the 1% addition of chitosan treatments 2% and 3% of emulsion stability values and pH on day 1 and day 14. The TPC test results are <10 cfu/25 g in every sample on both tests.
Microencapsulated fish oil powder by spray drying using combination of wall materials in Kasetsart University, Bangkok
Authors: Aprilia I , Pujiastuti D Y , Klaypradit W
Published: February 2021

Oil is a source of saturated fatty acids commonly referred as omega-3, in particular EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and has been recognized major health component, being used in many key ways as body supplements and heart organs in particular. The omega-3 content of fish oil is highly oxidizing due to exposure to oxygen. One way to be treated is to do microcapsule storage using a spray dryer. Applications of materials coated-based fish oil for the microcosulation are generally varied. The purpose of this internship is to figure out the microencapsulated of fish oil by spray dry using combination of wall materials. This internship was held in Department of Fishery Product, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, on January 1th until January 30th, 2020. The process is done through of three stages of pretreatmend, spray dry, and testing. Pretreatmend process includes to making fish oil emulsion with gum arabic, maltodextrin, and whey proteins. Spray dry includes microencapsulated preparation using spray dryer machine. The testing process is done by some parameters like yield, color, water content, oil content, and water activity.
Antioxidant properties from seaweeds Kappaphycus alvarezii, Euchema spinosum and Sargasum sp. using different solvent
Authors: Abdillah A A , Alamsjah M A , Sugijanto N E Nasution
Published: February 2021

Antioxidants are substances produced by the body in small amounts. Antioxidants could be obtained from seaweeds’ bioactive compounds. Seaweeds’ bioactive materials include sulfate polysaccharides, proteins, pigments caretonoid, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), essential minerals, vitamins and other secondary metabolites. The aim of this research is to determine the antioxidant properties using DPPH radical scavenging method from the extracts of K. alvarezii, E. spinosum and Sargassum sp.. The experiment was conducted using three species of seaweeds (K. alvarezii, E. spinosum and Sargassum sp.) which were extracted with three different polarity solvents (n-hexane, ethyl asetate and ethanol). The results showed the presence of the antioxidant activity in various extraction of seaweeds. Inhibitor to DPPH Free Radical activity were shown in 100 ppm by extracts Sargassum sp. (etil asetat) 23.8±0.7 %, Sargassum sp. (ethanol) 11.7±0.4%, K. alvarezii (etil asetat) 14.7±0.4%, K. alvarezii (ethanol) 14.9±0.4%, E. spinosum (etil acetate) 12.1±0.4%, E. spinosum (ethanol) 12.0±0.4%, and BHT 58.5± 3.1%. All of the n-hexane extracts of the seaweeds had no antioxidant activities when being treated by qualitative of DPPH methods.
Addition of turmeric in feed on growth and survival rate of Nilasa red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)
Authors: Cahyani R , Satyantini W H , Nindarwi D D , Cahyoko Y
Published: February 2021

Nilasa red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) is a Cangkringan tilapia produced from cross-breeding of 4-(four) parents, namely red tilapia from Thailand, NIFI-Thailand, Singapore, and the Philippines. The feed reuirements for fish farming activities reaches around 60%, so one way to increase feed efficiency is to use feed additives. Curcumin in turmeric can stimulate fish appetite and increase absorption of food substances. The aimed of this study was to determine the addition of turmeric to the growth and survival of Nilasa red tilapia. The fish were reared in two different ponds (12 m2) with a density of 25 individuals/m2 with turmeric and no turmeric added. The results showed that red tilapia with the addition of turmeric gave growth, growth rate, specific growth rate, FCR, feed efficiency was 48.34 g, 1.61 g/day, 5.48 g%/day, 0.81 and 122.81 % respectively and were higher than without the addition of turmeric. The survival rate of Nilasa red tilapia with the addition of turmeric and without the addition of turmeric was 85.67 and 87.33%, respectively. It can be concluded that the addition of turmeric through the feed can increase the growth of Nilasa red tilapia and survival rate above 80%.
The effect Moringa oleifera leaf extract and Lactobacillus acidophilus supplementation on crude protein and crude fat retention in Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum
Authors: Pitri R A , Suyanti E , Septayani S , Agustono  , Lokapirnasari W P
Published: February 2021

Feed contributes to nearly 70% of the total production cost in aquaculture industries. This study aims to determine the effect of Moringa leaf extract and probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplementation in commercial feed on protein content and crude fat content of Tambaqui fish, Colossoma macropomum. This study used a factorial completely randomized design consisting of 3 × 3 treatments with 3 treatments. Fish were cultured for 30 days each. The results showed that the administration of Moringa leaf extract at different doses had a significant effect on crude protein content, but did not have a significant effect on crude fat content. Other results showed that there was a significant effect of probiotic supplementation crude fat content, but had a significant effect on the protein content of Tambaqui. The best interaction treatment was A2B0 treatment with crude protein value 19.93% and A0B1 treatment with crude fat value 1.49%.
Morphological profile of L2 Anisakis typica on Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) from Sedati Fish Auction, Sidoarjo-East Java, Indonesia using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
Authors: Suryani N , Subekti S , Koesdarto S , Amiin M K
Published: February 2021

The aim of this research was to determine Anisakis species that infected Indian mackerel fish in Fish Auction Sedati, Sidoarjo-East Java, Indonesia based on morphometric observation using a binocular microscope and morphological profile using SEM. This study was done on February-March 2019 with 30 Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) were collected from Fish Auction Sedati, Sidoarjo and examined for Anisakis. Anisakis that collected, observed using a binocular microscope and SEM. The result showed there was 10% prevalence of Anisakis. All of Anisakis examined were classified as Anisakis type 1. Based on the body length of Anisakis, all of Anisakis that collected were assumed as Anisakis L2. The conclusion based on morphometric and morphological characteristic showed that Anisakis examined were classified as L2 stage larvae of Anisakis typica.
The study of virus collation with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in export fishery commodities
Authors: Kurniawati L , Pursetyo K T
Published: February 2021

Fish trade traffic from within and outside the country leads to the development of changes in pests and fish diseases in Indonesia. One of the infectious diseases known to attack the Indonesian exports of fishery commodities is a virus and can be identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The goal is to know the types of fish and shrimp and their export commodities with the examined samples virus and virus checking procedures with PCR. The method was used descriptive method. Stages of PCR consist of extraction of DNA/RNA, amplification using the kit IQ2000 ™ and Access Quick RT-PCR System, electrophoresis, and diagnostic test results on Uvidoc. Types of fish and shrimp samples for examination were freshwater fish, lobster, broodstock vanamei, red lobster, fries, and seawater ornamental shrimp—the type of virus that would be examined in accordance with the provision of export destinations. During street vendors’ activities, total samples of the fish and shrimp virus examination of export commodities were 39 samples declared negative, whereas two samples declared positive were WSSV.
Nitrate and phosphate dynamics of phytoplankton abundance in Kanceng River, Sepuluh, Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Nindarwi D D , Samara S H , Santanumurti M B
Published: February 2021

The river is a lotic ecosystem with biological, ecological and economical functions essential for human life. Kanceng River is one of the rivers in Bangkalan, where the whiteleg shrimp aquaculture activities are conducted intensively. Thus, it may bring nutrients needed for the survival of the mangrove population as well as the possibility of pollution from inorganic material. Nutrients are substances needed by organisms for the shrimp metabolism. Nutrients in the water affect phytoplankton, which has an important role in the aquatic ecosystem. This research aimed to assess whether the nitrate and phosphate levels affect the phytoplankton abundance in Kanceng River, as well as its correlation to the water quality. The results showed that the trophic status of Kanceng Rivers was included in eutrophic waters with phytoplankton abundance of >15.000 cells/ml. The dominant phytoplankton includes Cyanophyceae (Microcystis, Chlorella) and Eustigmatophyceae (Nannochloropsis) classes.
Assessment of Seasonal Waters Quality Based on Abundance, Diversity, and Domination of Phytoplankton in Bajulmati Reservoir
Authors: Pertiwi E W , Masithah E D , Suciyono
Published: February 2021

Water quality assessment can be carried out through physical, chemical, and biological analyses. Phytoplankton is a biological microorganism that is usually used as indicators to assess surface water quality, specifically primary productivity. Bajulmati Reservoir is located in Banyuwangi, East Java, which functions as irrigation for agricultural and fisheries land. The purpose of this study was to analyze the productivity of reservoir waters based on phytoplankton abundance. The method used is purposive sampling with four sampling point stations from the entire reservoir area. The phytoplankton found were nine genera, consisting of 5 genera from the Cyanophyceae class, and one genus from each class, namely the Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Dinophyceae classes. The productivity of the Bajulmati reservoir is included in the eutrophic category, with an average abundance of phytoplankton of 15.215 ind.L−1. Meanwhile, the diversity index shows that the distribution of stable individuals and communities is low, namely 0.87. Despite this, the Cyanophyceae class is dominating with the dominance index was 0.52.
The administration of Caulerpa racemosa extract on total bacteria and survival rates of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Pratiwi A F , Satyantini W H , Mahasri G , Sulmartiwi L , Mukti A T , Sudarno
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of administration Caulerpa racemosa extract on total bacteria and survival rate of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) after infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and three replications. Shrimp were divided into four groups, one control group without C. racemosa extract, another three groups were administrated with C. racemosa extract in different doses; 3 μg/g (P1), 6 μg/g (P2) and 9 μg/g (P3) by injection. After 24 hours, the control group was divided into two groups, negative control (K-) was injected by PBS and positive control (K+) also another three groups (P1, P2 and P3) were infected by V. parahaemolyticus. Observed parameters were total bacteria and survival rates. On the 1st day, the total bacteria was lower in the treatment with C. racemosa extract than K+ and significantly different (P <0.05). On the 7th day, total bacteria increased again, but in P3 (20.46 ×104 CFU/ml) was lower than K+ and significantly different (P <0.05). The highest survival rates was 93.33% (P2) and the lowest was 56.67% (K+). It can be concluded that C. racemosa extract can be given to L.vannamei at dose 6 μg/g.
Application of edible film from chitosan as biodegradable packaging
Authors: Saputra E , Tjahjaningsih W , Abdillah A A
Published: February 2021

The application of film on the African catfish burger stored at room temperature can maintain the quality of the African catfish burger in terms of water content, protein content, fat content, ash content, water activity, and TPC (total plate count) and organoleptic values. Based on these parameters, it can be concluded that the African catfish burger wrapped in the edible film can last up to two days of storage at room temperature.
The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract addition in commercial feed on feeding rate, feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio of gouramy fish (Osphronemus gouramy)
Authors: Afifah D , Arief M , Al-Arif M A
Published: February 2021

Gouramy is known to it’s low appetite and slow growth. Attractants are ingredients that are mixed in small amounts of feed to increase feed intake, growth, and fish consumption of feed. Garlic contains at least 33 sulfur components that give a distinctive odor and various medicinal effects. Turmeric contains essential oils composed of monoterpenes and is an effective odor stimulating precursor compound used as an attractant. This study aims to determine the effect of giving turmeric and garlic extracts at different doses on feed consumption, feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio in gouramy. This study used an experimental method with 5 treatments; P0= control, P1=1% garlic extract addition, P2= 1.5% garlic extract addition, P3= 1% turmeric extract addition and P4= 1.5% turmeric extract additions with 4 replications using 10 fish in each.. The results showed that the highest feed consumption value was in the treatment of P1and P2, the lowest conversion ratio and the highest value of feed efficiency was found in the treatment of P2 and P3. So it can be concluded that the addition of 1.5% garlic extract or 1% turmeric extract is effective as an attractant and effective for increasing the growth of gouramy.
Converting single nucleotide variants between genome builds: from cautionary tale to solution
Authors: Ormond Cathal , Ryan Niamh M , Corvin Aiden , Heron Elizabeth A
Published: February 2021

Next-generation sequencing studies are dependent on a high-quality reference genome for single nucleotide variant (SNV) calling. Although the two most recent builds of the human genome are widely used, position information is typically not directly comparable between them. Re-alignment gives the most accurate position information, but this procedure is often computationally expensive, and therefore, tools such as liftOver and CrossMap are used to convert data from one build to another. However, the positions of converted SNVs do not always match SNVs derived from aligned data, and in some instances, SNVs are known to change chromosome when converted. This is a significant problem when compiling sequencing resources or comparing results across studies. Here, we describe a novel algorithm to identify positions that are unstable when converting between human genome reference builds. These positions are detected independent of the conversion tools and are determined by the chain files, which provide a mapping of contiguous positions from one build to another. We also provide the list of unstable positions for converting between the two most commonly used builds GRCh37 and GRCh38. Pre-excluding SNVs at these positions, prior to conversion, results in SNVs that are stable to conversion. This simple procedure gives the same final list of stable SNVs as applying the algorithm and subsequently removing variants at unstable positions. This work highlights the care that must be taken when converting SNVs between genome builds and provides a simple method for ensuring higher confidence converted data. Unstable positions and algorithm code, available at https://github.com/cathaloruaidh/genomeBuildConversion
ConsRM: collection and large-scale prediction of the evolutionarily conserved RNA methylation sites, with implications for the functional epitranscriptome
Authors: Song Bowen , Chen Kunqi , Tang Yujiao , Wei Zhen , Su Jionglong , de Magalhães João Pedro , Rigden Daniel J , Meng Jia
Published: February 2021

Motivation N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification on mRNAs and lncRNAs. Evidence increasingly demonstrates its crucial importance in essential molecular mechanisms and various diseases. With recent advances in sequencing techniques, tens of thousands of m6A sites are identified in a typical high-throughput experiment, posing a key challenge to distinguish the functional m6A sites from the remaining ‘passenger’ (or ‘silent’) sites. Results: We performed a comparative conservation analysis of the human and mouse m6A epitranscriptomes at single site resolution. A novel scoring framework, ConsRM, was devised to quantitatively measure the degree of conservation of individual m6A sites. ConsRM integrates multiple information sources and a positive-unlabeled learning framework, which integrated genomic and sequence features to trace subtle hints of epitranscriptome layer conservation. With a series validation experiments in mouse, fly and zebrafish, we showed that ConsRM outperformed well-adopted conservation scores (phastCons and phyloP) in distinguishing the conserved and unconserved m6A sites. Additionally, the m6A sites with a higher ConsRM score are more likely to be functionally important. An online database was developed containing the conservation metrics of 177 998 distinct human m6A sites to support conservation analysis and functional prioritization of individual m6A sites. And it is freely accessible at: https://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/biologicalsciences/con.
Making #BlackLivesMatter in the Shadow of Selma: Collective Memory and Racial Justice Activism in U.S. News
Authors: Jackson Sarah J
Published: February 2021

It is clear in news coverage of recent uprisings for Black life that journalists and media organizations struggle to reconcile the fact of ongoing racism with narratives of U.S. progress. Bound up in this struggle is how collective memory—or rather whose collective memory—shapes the practices of news-making. Here I interrogate how television news shapes collective memory of Black activism through analysis of a unique moment when protests over police abuse of Black people became newsworthy simultaneous with widespread commemorations of the civil rights movement. I detail the complex terrain of nostalgia and misremembering that provides cover for moderate and conservative delegitimization of contemporary Black activism. At the same time, counter-memories, introduced most often by members of the Black public sphere, offer alternative, actionable, and comprehensive interpretations of Black protest.
State-of-charge estimation for second-life lithium-ion batteries based on cell difference model and adaptive fading unscented Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: Du Banghua , Yu Zhang , Yi Shuhao , He Yanlin , Luo Yulin
Published: February 2021

Lithium-ion batteries retired from electric vehicles can provide considerable economic benefits when they are retired for secondary use. However, retired batteries after screening and restructuring still face the problem of inaccurate battery pack state-of-charge (SOC) estimation due to the existence of extreme inconsistency. To solve this problem, an adaptive fading unscented Kalman filtering (AFUKF) algorithm based on the cell difference model (CDM) is proposed in this paper for improving the accuracy of SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs. Firstly, an improved CDM based on a hypothetical Rint model is developed based on a second-order resistor/capacitor equivalent circuit model. Secondly, an AFUKF algorithm is developed to improve the adaptability and robustness of local state estimation against process modelling errors. Finally, characteristic data are obtained by conducting discharge tests on the screened retired lithium-ion batteries under specific operating conditions. The proposed method can improve the accuracy of SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs and provide a new idea for SOC estimation of retired lithium-ion battery packs, as shown by the simulated real experimental data.
Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco-Related Products on the Feeding Behavior of the German Cockroach (Blattodea: Blattellidae)
Authors: Di Ilio Vincenzo , Birkett Michael A , Pickett John A
Published: February 2021

Animals use olfaction to detect developmentally significant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their local environment. As part of a wider study aiming to demonstrate that the olfactory responses of animals to VOCs can be modified through the creation of a drug-addicted status and association with a selected VOC, we investigated nicotine and tobacco smoke particulate (TSP) extract as possible addictive compounds for male German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). In feeding experiments using an artificial food stimulus, food treated with TSP extract was preferred over untreated food. Surprisingly, nicotine, which was expected to be the most important addictive tobacco component, did not induce noticeable effects on cockroach behavior. Both TSP extract and nicotine were shown to be phagostimulants. Olfactometry assays that measured odor-mediated insect behavior demonstrated that male B. germanica did not choose TSP-extract-treated food even when attempts were made specifically to train them via this modality. These results support a hypothesis that B. germanica needs to consume TSP-containing food to show a clear preference for this stimulus and that gustatory mechanisms are involved due to compounds present in the TSP extract.
Thyroid paraganglioma in a patient with a history of carotid and vagal paraganglioma: metastatic or primary tumor?
Authors: Yepuri Natesh , Vanga Gautam R , Naous Rana , Kinthala Sudhakar
Published: February 2021

Paragangliomas (PGs) are extremely rare multicentric neoplasms. Hereditary or familial PGs are associated with germline mutations in succinate dehydrogenase genes, seen in one-third of cases. Primary PGs of the thyroid are uncommon neuroendocrine neoplasms that account for 0.012% of all head and neck lesions. Although majority of these tumors are solitary, familial PGs are associated with synchronous tumors (carotid/vagal). We report an interesting case of primary thyroid PG in a patient with a previous history of a right carotid body, right vagal PGs and positive familial history, confining the differential diagnosis to recurrent lesions, which is the most common occurrence or new primary or a metastatic lesion. However, long interval and surgical anatomy suggests the diagnosis to be a primary lesion. In conclusion, although these lesions present multicentrically present at varying intervals, their occurrence at anatomically distinct sites should raise the concern for a new primary PG.
H i-MaNGA: tracing the physics of the neutral and ionized ISM with the second data release
Authors: Stark David V , Masters Karen L , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Riffel Rogemar , Riffel Rogerio , Boardman Nicholas Fraser , Zheng Zheng , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Dillon Sean , Fielder Catherine , Finnegan Daniel , Fofie Patricia , Goddy Julian , Harrington Emily , Pace Zachary , Rujopakarn Wiphu , Samanso Nattida , Shamsi Shoaib , Sharma Anubhav , Warrick Elizabeth , Witherspoon Catherine , Wolthuis Nathan
Published: February 2021

We present the second data release for the H i-MaNGA programme of H i follow-up observations for the SDSS-IV MaNGA survey. This release contains measurements for 3669 unique galaxies, combining 2108 Green Bank Telescope observations with an updated crossmatch of the MaNGA sample with the ALFALFA survey. We combine these data with MaNGA spectroscopic measurements to examine relationships between H i-to-stellar mass ratio (${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$) and average ISM/star formation properties probed by optical emission lines. ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ is very weakly correlated with the equivalent width of H α, implying a loose connection between the instantaneous star formation rate and the H i reservoir, although the link between ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ and star formation strengthens when averaged even over only moderate time-scales (∼30 Myr). Galaxies with elevated H i depletion times have enhanced [O i]/H α and depressed H α surface brightness, consistent with more H i residing in a diffuse and/or shock-heated phase that is less capable of condensing into molecular clouds. Of all optical lines, ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ correlates most strongly with oxygen equivalent width, EW(O), which is likely a result of the existing correlation between ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ and gas-phase metallicity. Residuals in the ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$−EW(O) relation are again correlated with [O i]/H α and H α surface brightness, suggesting they are also driven by variations in the fraction of diffuse and/or shock-heated gas. We recover the strong anticorrelation between ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ and gas-phase metallicity seen in previous studies. We also find a relationship between ${\rm M_{H\, {\small I}}/{M_*}}$ and [O i]6302/H α, suggesting that higher fractions of diffuse and/or shock-heated gas are more prevalent in gas-rich galaxies.