bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The importance of laparoscopic surgery for early postoperative course in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Lazic Aleksandar , Mitrovic Nebojsa , Jasarovic Damir , Milina Srdjan , Surla Dimitrije , Ivkovic Aleksandar , Lukic Branko , Stojanovic Dragos
Published: November 2021

Introduction/Objective. The aim of our study was to compare early postoperative recovery in patients operated on using laparoscopically assisted and open method in colorectal carcinoma surgery. Methods. The study involved 60 patients, divided into two groups of 30 patients each, treated with open or laparoscopically assisted colorectal surgery. Three groups of factors were collected and analyzed for all the patients. The first group of factors were as follows: age, sex, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, preoperative hemoglobin, localization. The second group of factors were the following: intraoperative complications, the duration of operations, blood and blood derivatives? compensation. The third group were as follows: complications, length of stay in intensive care, rate of peristaltic establishment, and the time needed for unobstructed oral intake, number of hospitalization days, analgesic use, and verticalization time. Results. The patients who underwent laparoscopically assisted surgery showed significant advantages in the early postoperative recovery compared with those who underwent open surgery, in terms of the number of postoperative days of hospitalization (p < 0.001), the duration of the operation (p < 0.001), the day of establishment of peristalsis (p = 0.009), and the day of establishment of unobstructed oral intake (p < 0.001), the time of verticalization of the patients (p = 0.001), the use of analgesics (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Laparoscopically assisted surgery has an advantage over open surgery colorectal cancer, as regards of early postoperative recovery of the patient.
Modernization of the drainage system and ash slurry handling system in TPP Kostolac A
Authors: Nestorovic Goran , Petrov Tomislav , Simic Dragan
Published: November 2021

The paper describes the modernization of ash slurry drainage and handling from Units A1 and A2 devices for receiving, extinguishing and transporting bottom ash and fly ash from the boiler grate to silos and mass/volume process water sumps, with new technical solutions and experiences in exploitation. The main goal of the drainage system modernization and ash slurry handling system in TPP Kostolac A is to improve the system operation and to reduce the number of deadlocks during operation.
Effect of pressure broadening on the radiative heat transfer by CO and CH4 gases using line-by-line method with latest high-temperature database
Authors: Yang Yu , Zheng Shu , He Yuzhen , Xu Mingxin , Luo Zixue , Lu Qiang
Published: November 2021

As the development of current propulsion technology such as gas turbine and rocket chamber moving to higher working pressure, the radiative parameters of fuel, such as CH4 or CO, are required at elevated pressures, which in some cases are calculated without considering the pressure effect of line broadening. To investigate the pressure effect of line broadening on the radiative heat transfer, the radiative heat sources of a 1-D enclosure filled with CH4/CO and Planck mean absorption coefficients at elevated pressures were calculated using the statistical narrow band and line-by-line methods. The radiative parameters were conducted using high temperature molecular spectroscopic (HITEMP) 2019 (for CO) and HITEMP 2020 (for CH4) databases. The results showed that the pressure effect of line broadening on the calculations of radiative heat source of CH4 can be ignored when HITEMP 2020 database was used. For CO medium, the pressure effect of line broadening was over 40% at 30 atmosphere in all cases whichever methods and databases were used. The pressure broadening has a strong effect on the Planck mean absorption coefficient below 1000 K for CH4 and at the temperature of 500-900 K for CO at 30 atmosphere. The maximum pressure effects were 22% for CH4 and 18% for CO at 30 atmosphere, which illustrated the pressure effect of line broadening needed to be taken into account in the calculation of Planck mean absorption coefficient.
Social Contract, Extended Goodness, and Moral Disagreement
Authors: Hédoin Cyril
Published: October 2021

This article discusses the role played by interpersonal comparisons (of utility or goodness) in matters of justice and equity. The role of such interpersonal comparisons has initially been made explicit in the context of social choice theory through the concept of extended preferences. Social choice theorists have generally claimed that extended preferences should be taken as being uniform across a population. Three related claims are made within this perspective. First, though it is sometimes opposed to social choice theory, the social contract approach may also consider the possibility of interpersonal comparisons. This is due to the fact that justice principles may be partially justified on a teleological basis. Second, searching for the uniformity of interpersonal comparisons is both hopeless and useless. In particular, moral disagreement does not originate in the absence of such uniformity. Third, interpersonal comparisons should be accounted for both in social choice and social contract theories in terms of sympathetic identification based on reciprocal respect and tolerance, where each person’s conception of the good partially takes care of others’ good. From the moral point of view, any person’s conception of the good should thus be ‘extended’ to others’ personal conceptions. This extension is, however, limited due to the inherent limitations in sympathetic identification and is a long way from guaranteeing the uniformity assumed by social choice theorists.
The challenges of machine translation of academic publications
Authors: Rew D. A. , Popova N. G.
Published: November 2021

Clear translation remains a major challenge to better communication and understanding of the international academic literature, despite advances in Machine Translation (MT). Automatic translation systems which captured the detail and the sense of any manuscript in any language for a reader from any other linguistic background would find global applications.In this article, we discuss the current opportunities and constraints to the wider use of machine translation and computer-assisted human translation (CAT). At the present stage of technology development, these instruments offer a number of advantages to specialists working with scientific texts. These include the facility to skim and scan large amounts of information in foreign languages, and to act as digital dictionaries, thesauri and encyclopedias. Word-to-word and phrase-to-phrase translation between many languages and scripts is now well advanced.The availability of modern machine translation has therefore changed the work of specialist scientific translators, placing greater emphasis on more advanced text and sense editing skills. However, machine translation is still challenged by the nuances of language and culture from one society to another, particularly in the freestyle literature of the arts and humanities. Scientific papers are generally much more structured, but the quality of machine translation still largely depends on the quality of the source text. This varies considerably between different scientific disciplines and from one author to another.The most advanced translation systems are making steady progress. It is timely to revisit traditional training programmes in the field of written translation to focus on the development of higher-level research competencies, such as terminology search, and so to make best use of evolving machine translation technologies.More widely, we consider that there is a challenge across the higher education systems in all countries to develop a simple, clear and consistent “international” writing style to assist fast, reliable and low-cost machine translation and hence to advance mutual understanding across the global scientific literature.
DAMPAK LETUSAN GUNUNG KRAKATAU 1883 TERHADAP PERMUKIMAN DI PANTAI BARAT TELUK LAMPUNG
Authors: Saptono Nanang
Published: October 2021

Letusan gunung berapi seringkali memberikan dampak negatif terhadap permukiman di sekitarnya. Kondisi objek seperti pada situs Liyangan di Kabupaten Temanggung merupakan salah satu bukti dampak negatif letusan gunung. Beberapa kajian arkeologi terhadap situs-situs di sekitar Gunung Merapi, Yogyakarta menyimpulkan bahwa erupsi Gunung Merapi menjadi salah satu alasan pindahnya peradaban Mataram Kuno dari Jawa Tengah ke Jawa Timur. Letusan Gunung Krakatau di Selat Sunda pada tahun 1883 juga menimbulkan bencana terhadap masyarakat di sekitarnya. Cerita masyarakat Lampung menjelaskan bahwa erupsi Gunung Krakatau telah melenyapkan perkampungan sehingga masyarakat memindahkan perkampungannya. Di pantai barat Teluk Lampung terdapat beberapa situs permukiman yaitu Kampung Tuha Maja Saka, Benteng Belajung, dan Kahai. Kajian ini membahas dampak letusan Gunung Krakatau 1883 terhadap perkampungan-perkampungan tersebut. Metode penelitian melalui deskripsi dan didukung analisis laboratoris terhadap jejak material erupsi. Jejak erupsi ditemukan pada beberapa lokasi objek. Perpindahan Kampung Tuha Maja Saka ke lokasi baru bukan merupakan akibat dari letusan Krakatau 1883.
BENCANA DALAM SEJARAH
Authors: Zuhdi Susanto
Published: October 2021

Bencana menjadi tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia dalam lintasan sejarah, terlebih dalam kaitannya dengan adaptasi yang dilakukan terhadap perubahan alam. Makalah ini membahas bencana alam yang berdampak pada kehidupan manusia, khususnya masyarakat Hindia Belanda pada masa kolonial. Pertanyaan diajukan untuk mengetahui secara partikular mengenai dampak bencana, seperti erupsi gunung, pandemi, dan perubahan ilkim, terhadap kehidupan di tanah jajahan. Termasuk juga bagaimana pemerintah kolonial menanganinya. Lebih jauh lagi, makalah ini turut menggali makna dari peristiwa di masa lampau bagi kondisi saat ini dan yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan dalam makalah ini adalah metode sejarah, yang memungkinkan makalah ini disusun berdasarkan arsip dan dokumen sezaman yang ditemukan, ditelaah, dan diinterpretasi.
BENCANA DI BATAVIA DAN PEMINDAHAN PUSAT PEMERINTAHAN PADA MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA
Authors: HERMAWAN Iwan
Published: October 2021

Sebagai Pusat Pemerintahan pada masa kolonial Belanda, Batavia tidak terbebas dari ancaman bencana, baik bencana alam berupa banjir maupun bencana non alam seperti perang dan wabah. Kondisi ini mendorong digulirkannya wacana pemindahan pusat pemerintahan ke daerah yang dianggap lebih aman dan sehat. Tulisan ini bermaksud menguraikan ancaman bencana sebagai salah satu faktor pendorong pemindahan pusat pemerintahan pada masa Kolonial Belanda. Penulisan menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis. Ketika Daendels datang ke datang ke Pulau Jawa dan menjabat sebagai Gubernur Jenderal Hindia Belanda, salah satu tugasnya adalah memindahkan pusat pemerintahan dari Batavia ke daerah yang lebih aman dan sehat. Daendels memilih Weltevreden sebagai tempat untuk membangun pusat pemerintahannya. Pada akhir abad ke-19 kondisi Batavia yang tidak sehat menjadi alasan untuk pemindahan pusat pemerintahan ke daerah yang lebih sehat namun tidak jauh dari pusat pemerintahan saat itu, Bandung dipilih menjadi pusat pemerintahan pengganti Batavia dengan alasan lebih sehat dan aman. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa bencana menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong pemindahan pusat pemerintahan.
TRAUMA PASCA TSUNAMI DALAM NOVEL TE O TORIATTE KARYA AKMAL NASERY BASRAL: PENDEKATAN PSIKOANALISIS
Authors: Widiastuti Rini
Published: October 2021

Tsunami Aceh merupakan bencana yang meluluhlantakan wilayah sekitar pesisir pantai, ratusan ribu orang meninggal dan hilang, harta benda tak bersisa. Bencana Tsunami  menyisakan trauma yang mendalam pada tokoh Meutia yang diceritakan dalam novel Te O Toriatte karya Akmal Nasery Basral. Tulisan ini mengungkapkan bagaimana Meutia menjalani hidup pascatsunami dengan trauma yang dideritanya melalui pendekatan psikoanalisis dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Meutia mengalami trauma dan sering berhalusinasi setelah menghadapi peristiwa tsunami Aceh, Jepang, dan kebocoran reaktor nuklir di Jepang. Meutia juga menderita kepribadian ganda.
PERPINDAHAN PEMUKIMAN PENDUKUNG SITUS DAS SEKAMPUNG: JEJAK BENCANA MASA LAMPAU
Authors: Laili Nurul
Published: October 2021

Way Sekampung sebagai sungai utama mempunyai peranan tumbuhnya peradaban manusia, dari masa lampau hingga kini. Jejak arkeologi menunjukkan adanya tumbuhnya peradaban masa lampau dengan hadirnya situs-situs arkeologi di sepanjang Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Sekampung. Tulisan ini fokus pada tiga situs yang berada di  DAS Sekampung Lampung Timur, yaitu Situs Serampang, Cicilik, dan Putak. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah pendekatan atas tinggalan materi dan memori kolektif dengan melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga situs tersebut saling terkait dan dimungkinkan telah terjadi perpindahan hunian yang diakibatkan adanya bencana sosial berupa teror dan serangan bajau (bajak laut).
KEHANCURAN PRODUKSI DAN HILANGNYA PABRIK KINA MASA KOLONIAL DI BANDUNG: BUKTI BENCANA BUDAYA DAN SOSIAL
Authors: Nuralia Lia
Published: October 2021

Perkebunan kina di Bandung Jawa Barat hampir punah dan produksi kina yang masih berlangsung sekarang hanya ada di Pabrik Kina Bukit Unggul. Mengapa hanya tinggal satu pabrik yang masih beroperasi, dan mengapa kehilangan bangunan pabrik menjadi penting, menjadi permasalahan pokok dalam tulisan ini. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian arkeologi dengan pendekatan sejarah. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah mengetahui penyebab kehancuran produksi dan hilangnya bangunan pabrik kina masa kolonial sebagai satu bencana budaya atau bencana sosial. Bekas pabrik kina di lokasi bekas kebun kina lainnya masih bisa ditelusuri jejaknya dalam kondisi fisik tidak utuh dan terabaikan. Kehilangan jejak budaya perkebunan bernilai sejarah dan sumber ilmu pengetahuan menjadi informasi penting diketahui.
BATU LONCENG SEBAGAI PENGINGAT BENCANA DI SESAR LEMBANG: KAJIAN ARKEOLOGI ALTERNATIF
Authors: Cipta Perdana Garbi
Published: October 2021

Situs Batu Lonceng teletak di Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Provinsi Jawa Barat dan keletakannya tepat berada di Sesar Lembang. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian arkeologi alternatif yang muncul sebagai “pembanding” dari archaeological mainstream, dengan mengunakan landasan teori semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap fungsi dan makna Batu Lonceng berdasarkan arkeologi alternatif. Arkeologi alternatif sendiri merupakan dampak dari “kejenuhan” masyarakat terhadap berbagai penelitian yang tidak dipublikasikan. Hal itu membuat masyarakat membuat interpretasi sendiri terhadap tinggalan arkeologi yang ada di sekitar mereka dengan cara mereka sendiri. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan kajian ini batu lonceng merupakan suatu alarm mitigasi yang akan berdentang sebagai peringatan ada mara bahaya atau bencana. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat sebagai upaya masyarakat mamahami dan memaknai lingkungannya yang sangat bepontensi tertimpa bencana.
LEKSIKON-LEKSIKON DARI SARS-COV SAMPAI DENGAN COVID-19 SEBAGAI PENANDA SUATU PERISTIWA SEJARAH
Authors: Sariah
Published: October 2021

Setiap peristiwa melahirkan leksikon atau diksi yang menjadi indikator utama dalam peristiwa sejarah, misal wabah cacar melahirkan varian istilah dari penyakit tersebut, seperti cacar, cacar air, cacar api, cacar alas, dan sebagainya. Masa pandemi Covid-19  juga melahirkan leksikon yang menjadi karakteristik masa pandemi Covid-19. Pandemi ini dengan segala persoalannya melahirkan leksikon yang menarik untuk disimak. Tulisan ini mengangkat leksikon masa pandemi Covid-19. Masalah yang menjadi fokus tulisan ini adalah bagaimana leksikon-leksikon diungkap dengan semua variannya pada masa pandemi ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk memaparkan leksikon dalam masa pandemi dengan menggunakan teori (Kridalaksana, 2009b) dan (Verhaar, 2001) mengenai morfologi. Data diunduh dari media daring yang memiliki leksikon seputar Covid-19, yaitu Budi, 2020 dan  Pasys, 2020 Temuannya adalah leksikon masa pandemi Covid-19 dinyatakan dalam leksem primer  (LP) sebesar 33,3%, leksem skunder (LS) sebesar 52,4%, dan singkatan sebesar 14,3%. Leksikon tersebut merupakan leksikon yang khas yang muncul akibat mewabahnya Covid-19. Leksikon masker, Covid-19, karantina wilayah, kenormalan baru, zona merah, bekerja dari rumah (BDR), dan PSBB adalah leksikon yang sangat dikenal oleh penutur bahasa Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Selain itu, leksikon tersebut dikaitkan dengan penanda suatu peristiwa sejarah dalam hal ini Covid-19, seperti peristiwa sejarah yang terjadi pada wabah cacar, kolera, kuning yang memiliki kekhasan leksikon yang digunakan
ALTERNATIF PENANGANAN BENCANA BANJIR: STUDI KASUS SITUS CANDI RONGGENG, PAMARICAN, CIAMIS
Authors: Widyastuti Endang
Published: October 2021

Situs Candi Ronggeng secara administratif terletak di Desa Sukajaya, Kecamatan Pamarican, Kabupaten Ciamis, berada pada koordinat 7°25’46.92”LS dan 108°29’37.17”BT. Morfologi situs berupa pedataran bergelombang di lembah Ci Seel anak sungai Ci Tanduy yang berhulu di Gunung Cakrabuana di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, dan bermuara di Segara Anakan Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Ci Seel mengalir di sebelah utara situs, dengan pola aliran meander dengan anak-anak sungai, berkelok-kelok dari arah barat ke timur. Lahan ini sering tergenang banjir sehingga terjadi sedimentasi yang sangat tinggi. Objek berupa batu candi yang semula masih terlihat, sekarang terkubur endapan tanah. Berdasarkan laporan penggalian pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya, banjir besar pernah terjadi pada tahun 1937, 1943, 1962, 1973 dan lebih sering lagi sejak dibangunnya bendungan Gunung Putri pada sekitar tahun 1970-an. Jejak endapan banjir tersebut terlihat hingga mencapai ketebalan 140 cm sampai dengan 200 cm dari tanah aslinya yang berwarna hitam kecoklatan dan bertekstur pasir-lempungan. Paparan ini bermaksud mengajukan alternatif untuk menangani banjir, sehingga candi ini dapat diselamatkan sebagai salah satu aset daerah Ciamis. Pembahasan dilakukan di antaranya dengan melihat kondisi candi dan lingkungannya, data pengendapan limpah banjir, dan curah hujan. Selanjutnya diajukan beberapa langkah yang sebaiknya dilakukan sehingga situs Candi Ronggeng terhindar dari banjir.
ANALISIS STRUKTURAL TERHADAP INFORMASI KITAB SUCI : MITIGASI BENCANA HYDROMETEOROLOGI DARI PENGALAMAN NABI YUSUF AS
Authors: Sudarma Momon
Published: October 2021

al-Qur’an adalah salah satu sumber Kitab Suci yang bisa dijadikan sumber informasi. Dalam perspektif  Islam, al-Qur’an bukan saja sumber etika beragama, melainkan juga sumber etika dan panduan perilaku dalam merespon lingkungan dan kehidupan. Di dalamnya terdapat aturan, kisah, atau pedoman yang dapat dijadikan pedoman dalam merumuskan kode etik hidup dan kehidupan, termasuk dalam merespon bencana. Kisah Nabi Yusuf AS, memberikan kode informasi dalam kaitannya dengan mitigasi Bencana Hydrometeorologi. Wacana ini, berusaha secara kritis, melakukan studi kepustkaan, terhadap ayat-ayat mitigas, khususnya dalam Kisah Yusuf As.  Dalam temuan ini, terkonstruksi langkah strategis mitigasi, yaitu (1) pengumpulan data dan informasi, baik local maupun scientific knowledge, (2) membangun jaringan informasi dan komunikasi, (3) staffing yang professional, dan (4) menyusun program strategis.
PENANGANAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI INDONESIA MASA KOLONIAL BELANDA
Authors: Dien Zukhrufa Ken Satya , Andani Resa Tri
Published: October 2021

Wilayah Indonesia memiliki daerah yang sangat rentan terhadap bencana alam. Bencana alam yang sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah gempa bumi. Gempa bumi terjadi karena gabungan berbagai lempeng benua mikro dan busur api, yang digerakkan oleh proses tektonik yang kompleks hingga berada pada tempatnya saat ini. Proses tumbukan lempeng inilah yang menyebabkan terbentuknya berbagai jenis patahan yang tersebar di berbagai tempat, senantiasa menerima dan menimbun gaya tektonik dari interaksi lempeng litosfer. Terjadinya gempa bumi di masa lalu menjadi sebuah pembelajaran dari sejarah yang dapat memberikan wawasan yang berguna untuk menghadapi sebuah masalah. Artikel ini membahas mengenai terjadinya gempa bumi terparah yang terjadi pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Hindia-Belanda, dampak yang terjadi,dan cara mereka dalam mengatasi bencana gempa bumi tersebut. Dengan demikian, kita dapat belajar dan mengerti sejarah penanganan sebuah bencana gempa bumi pada masa pemerintahan kolonial Hindia-Belanda di Indonesia.
BENCANA KRAKATAU 1883 DALAM TINJAUAN BUDAYA LOKAL BANTEN
Authors: Imadudin Iim , Erwantoro Heru
Published: October 2021

Bencana merupakan peristiwa yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Menurut kepercayaan masyarakat tradisional, bencana sering dipersepsikan sebagai datangnya masa peralihan. Dalam tradisi lisan dikisahkan bahwa keadaan politik, sosial, dan ekonomi yang tidak menentu berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan alam. Letusan Krakatau 1883 dianggap sebagai salah satu yang terbesar terjadi di bumi ini. Artikel ini akan meninjau bencana Krakatau 1883 dalam perspektif budaya lokal. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi pustaka dan wawancara. Sejauh ini pengetahuan tentang bencana Krakatau 1883 lebih banyak diperoleh melalui sumber-sumber asing. Sumber-sumber lokal belum banyak tergali. Kajian tentang bencana Krakatau dalam perspektif budaya lokal masyarakat membantu memahami struktur ingatan kolektif dalam merespons bencana yang terjadi dan menjadikannya sebagai pengetahuan mitigasi bencana ke depan.
Exercí­cios Fí­sicos para Mulheres com Varizes: Treinar condicionamento geral ou membros inferiores?
Authors: Carvalho Ícaro do Carmo , Ferreira Daniela Karina da Silva
Published: November 2021

Esse estudo comparou o efeito de dois programas de treinamento sobre a aptidão fí­sica e qualidade de vida em mulheres com Varizes, sendo um programa de condicionamento fí­sico geral (CFG) e o outro de fortalecimento de membros inferiores (MMII) aplicado a 2 grupos de voluntárias, praticantes regulares de exercí­cio fí­sico, por 12 semanas. Foram coletados, pré e pós treinamento, dados de qualidade de vida, perimetria de panturrilha, goniometria do tornozelo, teste de ponta de pé e degrau. Nove mulheres do programa CFG (54 ± 18 anos) e onze do programa MMII (58 ± 8 anos) concluí­ram a intervenção. Comparando a magnitude de variação nos resultados de cada teste e entre os programas por teste t independente, as participantes do programa MMII apresentaram melhor desempenho nos testes de aptidão fí­sica e qualidade de vida que as do programa CFG, com diferença significativa nos resultados de resistência muscular (p < 0,01 para repetições e p = 0,02 para tempo de execução no teste de ponta de pé) e flexibilidade (p < 0,01). Concluiu-se que um programa especí­fico de fortalecimento de membros inferiores possibilita melhores resultados em aptidão fí­sica em relação a um programa de condicionamento geral.
Study the Response of Bubbled Wide Reinforced Concrete Beams with Different Shear Steel Plate Spacing
Authors: A. Mansor Ahmed , Amer M. Ibrahim  , Mohammed J. Hamood
Published: October 2021

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of bubbled wide reinforced concrete beams with different shear steel plate spacing. Four specimens with the dimensions of 215x560x1800mm are investigated. The variables studied in this work is using the 10mm stirrups with 125mm spacing and 3mm thickness steel plate with spacing 125, 166 and 250mm instead of reinforcing stirrups. Shear steel plates is good alternative for replacing the stirrups and gives increasing in yield and ultimate loads with 17% and 18% respectively and decreasing the deflection by 8% at yield and 12% at ultimate. Moreover decrease the strain in longitudinal reinforcement by 8% at yield and 24% at ultimate, and reduced the total weight by 2.7%. By increasing the spacing of shear steel plate by 33% and 100%, the results showed that the yield load reduced to 3% and 4% respectively, but the deflection was increased with 37% and 20% (at yield). The strain in interior legs is more than the strain in exterior legs by 189%, 142% and 52% at yield for spacing 125, 166 and 250mm respectively. ACI 318-14 [1] and EC 2 [2] codes give a predicted deflection more than the experimental deflection by 26% and 30% on average respectively
Effect of Annealing Treatment on the Anisotropy Behavior of Cold Rolled Stainless Steel 304 Sheets
Authors: A. Zainulabdeen Ahmed , Jabbar H. Mohmmed  , Najmuldeen Y. Mahmood
Published: October 2021

Anisotropy of materials has harmful effects during deep drawing operations and reduce it will strongly enhance the productivity and quality of deep drawing yields. In this work the effect of annealing treatment on texture and anisotropy behavior of cold rolled stainless steel 304 sheets were investigated. Uniaxial tensile test samples cut at 0o, 45o and 90o to the rolling direction were prepared in order to measure the anisotropy parameters (normal anisotropy, r_n, and planar anisotropy, ∆r). Two annealing temperatures (1050, and 1150) °C were used to study their effects on anisotropy behavior. The results show that the normal anisotropy value of annealed samples at 1150°C increases by (31%) as compared to the received samples. This indicates that the annealed samples at 1150 °C have the highest formability. Also, results show significant reduction (about 88.7%) in planar anisotropy value for 1150°C annealed samples. This gave rise to an increase in deep drawing yield
The Impact of Political Authority on Building the Architectural Image
Authors: Hashim Al-Majidi Basim Hasan
Published: October 2021

Architectural studies differed about the concept of power in architecture according to the type of authority and the intellectual and theoretical orientations of these studies. Authority is one of the key factors influencing the formation of the identity of architecture.

The building has its image or the effective way in the formation of its distinctive civilization structure, hence the purpose of the serach study the relationship (political power architecture), and study the potential of power and its impact on the architectural image. Here, the problem of research can be determined by (the lack of clarity of the comprehensive conceptual perception of the political and material capabilities of authority in building the architectural image). In the research problem, deals with a comprehensive conceptual framework which has constructed by addressing a series of studies, researches and international experiences that have reflected the influence of political authority on building the image of architecture, and thus adopting the vocabulary derived from the theoretical framework in analyzing a number of international and Arab's projects that reflect the effective role of authority in building and shaping the architectural identity of those buildings in particular and their reflection on the city in general. The results of this application and conclusions have analyzed, which showed the intentionally effect of political authority on the general taste of the governed group, through the conscious imitation of the vocabulary, forms and relationships of the physical image used by the ruling authority as models of economic power and dominance. The results have showed this effect unconsciously which lead to the production of replicable models in different places or models. It has counted as symbols for a specific period of time and then turn into national symbols that form the starting point of an architectural identity that symbolizes this era.
The Effect of Machining Parameters on Weight Removal in Chemical Machining of Titanium Alloy
Authors: Adnan Ghullam Dunia , Abbas Fadhil Ibrahim
Published: October 2021

Chemical machining (CHM) processes are one of the non-conventional machining processes the material removal occurs when the machined part contact with a strong chemical etchant solution. This study aiming to study the influences of machining time, machining temperature and the concentration of the used etchant solution on the weight removal of chemically machined titanium alloy, in this study two different etchant concentration of mixture acids consist of hydrofluoric acid (HF)  mixed with nitric acid (HNO3) in specific quantities are used, the first etchant concentration consist of (9 vol.% HF , 14 VOL.% HNO3 in 77 vol.% distilled water) the second concentration (12 vol.% HF, 16 vol.% HNO3 in 72 vol.% distilled water) to chemically machine eight specimens of (30 x 10 x 1) mm size by using four level of machining time (4, 6, 8 and 10) min and four level of machining temperature (35, 40, 45 and 50)  for both concentrations as a machining conditions. The results show that the weight removal increased with the increasing of the time, temperature and the concentration of the used etchant
Prediction of Stresses and Settlement for TBM Tunnel Surrounding Soil
Authors: Hashim Muhammed Halah , Waad A. Zakaria  , Qasim A. Mahdi
Published: October 2021

In recent years, modern technology in the construction of tunnels using tunnel-boring machines (TBM) is implemented in the practice of civil engineering in large cities which significantly reduces the harmful effects of tunneling on the ground's surface. Construction of the tunnel becomes fundamental and the exploitation of underground space form part of the infrastructure to treat the growing problem of mass rapid transit in urban cities. The method of tunnel construction numerical modeling based on the finite element method is used to evaluate of the ground movement induce tunneling which is an essential matter to predict the settlement through construction and their effects on adjacent buildings. A method of surface settlement prediction is based on field data and results of construction phases  numerical modeling. In this study, the prediction of the settlement caused by tunneling by simulation model using numerical method (FEM), with Mohr-Coulomb. This method involves determination of the following characteristics of displacement process: the distribution of displacements, the position of the point of the maximum settlement and the value of the maximum settlement, and strains in the trough. The developed method for calculation of the settlements and he behavior of stress a round tunnel calculates and analysis the settlement during tunnel construction and compared with natural soil through various stages of construction of the tunnel. The results show the behavior of stresses of the native soil and predication of surface settlement through stages of construction of tunnel using the tunnel boring machines(TBM).
The Role of Recreational Sports Activities in Reducing Some Psychological Problems Caused by Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Dahou Benyoucef , Ala-Eddine Moussaoui , Mohamed Bnsabeur
Published: October 2021

This study is aimed at knowing the role of recreational sports activities in decreasing some psychological problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic among adolescents, and done on a sample of 400 adolescents chosen from the final year of the Intermediate education stage (Hamam bouhjar Middle school - Ain Temouchent state, Sig middle school – Mascara state), the questionnaire was applied as a tool for the study and it consisted of three axes: the axis of aggressive behavior, isolation, and self-confidence, and each axis consists of a group of questions. We used Frequencies, Percentage, and Chi-square goodness of fit test to analyze and interpret the results. In the end, we concluded that recreational sports activities have a role in alleviating some psychological problems resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents, and this is based on the results that we have researched which states that recreational sports alleviate the aggressive behavior caused by the COVID-19 and its major role in reducing the weakness of self-confidence caused by COVID-19 among adolescents, as well as mitigating the weakness of self-confidence under the COVID-19 pandemic Finally, the researchers recommend the necessity of practicing recreational sports activities in spare time.
Genetic Programming Based Identification of an Overhead Crane
Authors: Kusznir Tom , Smoczek Jarosław
Published: October 2021

Overhead cranes carry out an important function in the transportation of loads in industry. The ability to transport a payload quickly and accurately without excessive oscillations could reduce the chance of accidents as well as increase productivity. Accurate modelling of the crane system dynamics reduces the plant-model mismatch which could improve the performance of model-based controllers. In this work the simulation model to be identified is developed using the Euler-Lagrange method with friction. A 5-step ahead predictor, as well as a 10-step ahead predictor, are obtained using multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) using input-output data. The weights of the genes are obtained by using least squares. The results of 15 different genetic programming runs are plotted on a complexity-mean square error graph with the Pareto optimal solutions shown.
Extreme Values of Euler-Kronecker Constants
Authors: Kim Henry H.
Published: October 2021

In a family of Sn
-fields (n ≤ 5), we show that except for a density zero set, the lower and upper bounds of the Euler-Kronecker constants are −(n − 1) log log dK
+ O(log log log dK
) and loglog dK
+ O(log log log dK
), resp., where dK
is the absolute value of the discriminant of a number field K.
Severe complicated shigellosis case developed by young pregnant woman
Authors: Kozhukhova E. A. , Kozhevnikova I. L. , Nikolaenko S. L. , Ivaschenko V. D.
Published: November 2021

No doubts that shigellosis severity directly depends on the spread of the gut specific lesion. There are some data published on the basis of autopsy records and pointing to shigella caused lesion spreading both to colon and ileum in adult cases especially in those older than 60 y.o. or with any immunosuppressive premorbid background. Obviously, the gut mucosa condition determines the local resistance potential and moreover it's shown that in shigellosis cases, the histologic pattern of gut mucosa depends on quantity and quality of neutrophils, extremely important to control the intensity of agent invasion. Viral infections with concomitant neutropenia are commonly considered as immune suppressive conditions. As to Herpes virus infection, it's well known as the large mucosa lesion disease that can subsequently lead to aggravation of any forthcoming acute bacterial infection. The paper suggests the description of shigellosis case confirmed with the use of PCR test (PCR kit Amplisens All-bacto-screen-FL Lab, Interlabservice) and developed by young woman with unfavorable premorbid condition. The disease course turned to be severe and complicated by the peritonitis development. The aggravating factors in the proposed case were likely such immune modulating concurrent conditions as Herpes virus infection and pregnancy. The clinical example demonstrates that young people can develop severe complicated shigellosis course given burdened premorbid background availability.
PENDEKATAN SEMI-AUTONOMOUS SOCIAL FIELD DALAM STUDI DAN PERENCANAAN PERKOTAAN: TELAAH METODOLOGIS
Authors: Fahmi Erwin
Published: October 2021

This study discusses an approach widely used in the study of legal anthropology, i.e., semi-autonomous social field, for its potential application in the fields of urban studies and planning. This approach is considered highly relevant as it explains what and why discrepancies take place between what is dictated by state policy (including spatial planning) and what is actually accepted and applied in a semi-autonomous social field, like community or organization/company. By understanding these discrepancies, we may be able to appreciate the existence of local norms, values, and habits and, therefore, also of legal pluralism. Once again, as a legal product, urban plan is also bound to such an understanding. Two examples are taken to illustrate the application of this approach. In both illustrations, processes of elaboration, adjustment, acceptance, and conflict were demonstrated. Keywords: semi autonomous social field, rules-in-use, urban studies and planning. AbstrakKajian ini membahas pendekatan yang lazim digunakan dalam kajian antropologi hukum, yaitu bidang sosial semi-otonom, dan potensi penerapannya dalam bidang studi dan perencanaan perkotaan. Pendekatan ini dipandang sangat relevan karena menjelaskan apa dan mengapa terjadi perbedaan antara apa yang ditetapkan oleh kebijakan negara (termasuk rencana tata ruang) dan apa yang sesungguhnya diterima dan diterapkan dalam bidang sosial semi-otonom, seperti komunitas atau organisasi/perusahaan. Dengan memahami ketidaksesuaian tersebut kita dapat mengapresiasi keberadaan norma, nilai dan kebiasaan lokal dan karenanya juga dapat menghargai pluralisme hukum. Sekali lagi, sebagai produk hukum, rencana kota juga terikat pada pemahaman semacam itu. Dua contoh digunakan untuk mengilustrasikan penerapan pendekatan ini. Dalam kedua contoh, proses-proses elaborasi, penyesuaian, penerimaan, dan konflik ditunjukkan.
Estimation of the Efficiency of Corrosion Inhibition by Zn-Dithiocarbamate Complexes: a Theoretical Study
Authors: Kadhim Mustafa M. , Juber Layla A. Al. , Al-Janabi Ahmed S. M.
Published: October 2021

Seven Zn-dithiocarbamate complexes were suggested as corrosion inhibitors. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to predict the ability of inhibition. Room temperature conditions were applied to suggest the optimization of complexes, physical properties, and corrosion parameters. In addition, the HOMO, LUMO, dipole moment, energy gap, and other parameters were used to compare the inhibitors efficiency. Gaussian 09 software with LanL2DZ basis set was used. Total electron density (TED) and electrostatic surface potential (ESP) were utilized to show the sites of adsorption according to electron density.
Diversity of Plant Resources at Elevational Belt Above 2800 m in Hoang Lien Son Moutain Range (Lao Cai Province)
Authors: Kiem Truong Ngoc , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim
Published: October 2021

The paper provides updated and thoroughly databases on vascular flora and vegetation types at elevational belt over 2800m of Hoang Lien Son mountain range (Lao Cai province) for plant - diversity conservation and sustainable development planning. The research results show that this flora includes 126 species, 82 genera, 46 families belonging to 3 vascular divisions: Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta and Magnoliophyta. In particular, Magnoliophyta has absolute dominance with 123 species (accounts for 97.6% of the total species of study area). The flora of research area has 6 valuable and rare species (5% of total species) in Vietnam Red Book, Red List of IUCN; 13 endemic species (10.3% of total species) and 37 useful species (29.4% of total species). Among them, there are 7 endemic species only in Hoang Lien Son area, 31 medicinal species, 9 ornamental species and 5 food species. The vegetation of the study area consists of 5 formations. These are typical and unique vegetations of Hoang Lien Son high mountain area that should be prioritized to protect from human impacts, especially overload tourism development.
Accounts receivable from the chemical enterprises: factor analysis
Authors: Otrubiannikova Polina , Van D'yankai , Ilina Anna Vladimirovna , Viktorova Natalya Gennadevna
Published: October 2021

This research analyzes the impact of certain factors upon the accounts receivable from chemical enterprises. The subject of this article is the accounts receivable, while the object is the Russian chemical enterprises. The goal lies in building a regression model of the dependence of accounts receivable from chemical enterprises on the explanatory factors selected in the course of analysis. The internal factors include sales revenue, net profit, accounts payable, management expenses, return on total assets, etc. The external factors include gross domestic product, monetary supply, and Networked Readiness Index. The author creates an econometric model based on the financial report data for 44 enterprises, and statistical information for the period from 2015 to 2019. The result of modeling reveals a considerable impact of such indicators as monetary resources, accounts payable, and management expenses upon the size of accounts receivable. The conclusion is made on the expansion of digital components of management expenses in the context of the goal of research. The novelty of this article is substantiated from the perspective of application of the acquired results for forecasting the level of accounts receivable and more effective management of the payables policy of the enterprise. It is noted that the internal financial and economic indicators have most impact upon the size of accounts receivable from chemical enterprises.
Fight against poverty in China in the context of the idea of Community of Common Destiny for Mankind in 2013 - 2020
Authors: Boyarkina Anna Vladimirovna
Published: October 2021

The goal of the research is to study the fight against poverty in China in the context of Xi Jinping’s concept of Community of Common Destiny for Mankind after his coming to power in 2013. The tasks of the research are: 1) to demonstrate the process of fight against poverty in China within a doctrinal approach with the “fine control is the basis” theory, a new model of fighting against poverty with the Chinese specificity, and other political and economic tools; 2) to consider the institutional approach to the fight against poverty in China and at a global scale; 3) to study the Community of Common Destiny for Mankind concept as a global “drive” of the fight against poverty in the form of interaction with international institutions. The research subject is the political, economic, and social tools of the fight against poverty in China in 2013 - 2020. There is ample debate about eradication of poverty in China, Russia and other countries of the regional dimension, both in Russian and foreign scientific communities, aimed at studying its origins, approaches to its measurement, its socio-economic consequences, the process of the fight against poverty in the context of COVID-19 isolation period, etc. In this context, the author's special contribution to the research of this issue is the consideration of the problem of poverty in China and in the world within the concept “Community of Common Destiny for Mankind”. It hasn’t been studied sufficiently enough in Russia yet. The author arrives at the conclusion that the idea of the Community of Common Destiny for Mankind ensures an effective and positive result of solving the problem of the fight against poverty in various regions of China and in the world.  
On the issue of the synthesis of geopolitics and racialism in the early days of contemporary history
Authors: Abdurazakov Ruslan Abdurazakovich
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the research is the consideration of the problem of synthesis of racialism and geopolitics in the late 19th - the early 20th century and the substantiation of such a new concept in geopolitics as geopolitical racialism which hasn’t been used before neither in Russian nor in foreign science. To solve this task, the author applies the fundamental geopolitical dualism methods to the analysis of supremacist and imperialist mindset typical for scientific and sociopolitical life in Britain and the U.S. of the considered period, which became a core for the formation of Anglo-Saxon exceptionality, and formed the basis for the foreign policy of these states. The author arrives at the conclusion that until recently, Anglo-Saxonism was considered as a result of the Western elites’ fascination with the ideas of social Darwinism rather than as a geopolitical form of racism, since its analysis was mostly based on the peculiarities of “blood and descendance” of Anglo-Saxon peoples rather than on their “thalassocratic nature” or the influence of natural and climatic factors on their development. The differentiating feature of continental geopolitics was, vice versa, not only distancing from social Darwinism, but also the repudiation of the possibility of ultimate victory in the struggle between the West and the East. Theoretical and practical importance of the research consists in the fact that based on the analysis of the works of the Western authors of the late 19th - the early 20th centuries, both already known and left out in the cold, the author substantiates the definition and characteristics of geopolitical racism in its Anglo-Saxon variant, upholding the supremacy of maritime powers (thalassocracies) over land powers (tellurocracies) predefined by geographical factors, which in many aspects predetermined the development of the Western geopolitical mindset in contemporary history.
Children's poetry by Rasul Gamzatov
Authors: Nabigulaeva Marzhanat Nabigulaevna , Murtazaliev Akhmed Magomedovich
Published: October 2021

The object of this research is the works of Rasul Gamzatov, while the subject is his poetics and style of children's poems. Detailed analysis is conducted on the genre and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poems by R. Gamzatov. Attention is focused on the techniques and means of expressiveness of the literary image. Rasul Gamzatov's children's poetry has not previously become the object of comprehensive research. The author observes the lack of scientific research that touch upon this side of the poet’s activity, namely substantive, formal, and artistic peculiarities of his poems for children. This topic requires in-depth scientific examination. The conclusion is made on the extensive representation of children's poetry in the works of Rasul Gamzatov, the key motifs of which are hard work, education, patriotism, love for the mother, plea for peace on earth, and propaganda of the traditional highland upbringing. The scientific novelty consists in the attempt of holistic study of the poetics, as well as genre, stylistic and ideological-thematic peculiarities of children's poetry. The author’s special contribution to this research lies in shedding light on the little-studied aspect of R. Gamzatov's works, which arouses interest in further research of his literary heritage.
Semantic content of indefinite pronouns in the English literary texts
Authors: Popova Larisa Georgievna , Shatilova Lyubov' Mikhailovna , Samarina Nadezhda Viktorovna
Published: October 2021

The goal of this article lies in analysis of the semantics of indefinite pronouns of the English language, which form the core of the semantic field of uncertainty from the perspective of functional linguistics. The subject of this research is the semantic content of English indefinite pronouns in the literary and publicistic texts. The relevance of this work is defined by the lack of works in both domestic and foreign modern linguistics dedicated to indefinite pronouns of the English language. The scientific novelty consists systematization of indefinite pronouns in form of semantic field and determination of possible varieties of uncertainty through the semantics of this group of pronouns in the English literary texts. It is established that in literary texts, the indefinite pronouns of the core of the semantic field of uncertainty of the English language are used for conveying quite very peculiar; however, the key components are uncertainty and generality in evaluation of the unfolding events. Uncertainty can be explicit or conditional. Generality also correlates with uncertainty, leaving out particularities. The absence of particularities is the main semantic indicator of the use of nuclear indefinite pronouns in the literary texts.