bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germination of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) Seed is Influenced by Different Storage Containers and Storage Periods
Authors: Islam M.S. , Hasan M.K. , Hossain A.K.M. Mosharof , Hakim M.A. , Islam M. Sirazul , El Sabagh A.
Published: July 2018

A laboratory test was carried out to examine the influence of various storage containers and periods on the germination percentage of black gram seed. In this research, three seed containers, viz. sealed tin container, poly bag and gunny bag were used to store the seeds, as well as seeds were stored for three different storage periods, viz. 15, 30 and 45 days and thereby conducted germination tests. The results revealed that storage and storage periods considerably influenced the germination percentage (GP) of black gram seed. The highest GP of 87.73% was found in the seeds stored at sealed tin container, while the lowest GP (71.08%) was observed in the seeds stored in gunny bag. Among the three storage containers, the GP reduced rapidly in the seeds stored in gunny bags (6.52%), followed by poly bag (18.98%). The maximum values of GP (85.43%) of black gram seed were recorded when 15 days after storage (DAS), whereas the lowest GP (68.33%) was at 45 DAS, and the GP decreased noticeably with the increase of storage periods from 15 to 30 and to 45 DAS. In combination influence of storage containers and storage periods, the maximum GP (85.90%) was recorded at when seeds kept in sealed tin container with stored for the shortest duration (15 DAS), while the minimum (58.11%) was recorded in the seeds stored in gunny bag for the longest period with 45 DAS. Seeds stored in the sealed tin containers exhibited an excellent performance regarding GP with the shortest storage periods and, thereby, black gram should be kept in sealed tin containers or like this air tight containers for storage, as well as seeds should be sun dried after a short period for maintaining seed quality.
Evaluation of Yield and Some of Physiological Indices of Potato Cultivars in Relation to Chemical, Biologic and Manure Fertilizers
Authors: Abdollahi M. , Soleymani A. , Shahrajabian M.H.
Published: July 2018

In order to evaluate yield and some of physiological indices of potato cultivars in relation to different kinds of manures, strip plot layout within a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Three levels of fertilizer were included manure (t/ha) (20, 40 and 60 t/ha), biologic fertilizer (ml/ha) (0, 100 and 200 ml/ha), and chemical fertilizer (kg/ha) (175, 350, and 525 kg/ha). Cultivars were Marfona, Maradona and Ramus. Marfona had obtained the maximum plant height, total dry matter, LAI, tuber yield, dry matter of tuber, the number of tuber and tuber weight. Application of 60 t/ha manure fertilizer together with Marfona produced the highest yield. In this experiment, fertilizer showed significant effects on potato cultivars yield and physiological indices. Marfona and Ramus had obtained the highest and the lowest total dry matter, respectively. The maximum LAI was related to application of 60 t/ha manure fertilizer, and the minimum one was obtained for application of 40 t/ha manure fertilizer. In cultivar treatments, the highest LAI was obtained for Marfona, followed by Maradona and Ramus. The maximum and the minimum crop growth rate (CGR) was related to chemical and biological fertilizer, respectively. The maximum CGR was related to Marfona, than those of other cultivars. There were not any significant differences among different fertilizers in net assimilation ratio (NAR), fertilizer levels and various cultivars. Thus, it can ve suggested that in order to increasing yield, total dry matter, crop growth rate and other physiological indices should be applied 60 t/ha manure fertilizer with Marfona cultivar in Fereydan region of Esfahan, Iran.
Effect of Last Cutting Dates on Seed Production of Multicut MB-87 – A Variety of Pearl Millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra)
Authors: Shah A.H. , Karar H. , Farooq M.S. , Bazmi M.S.A. , Nabi G. , Gondal M.R. , Akhtar M.S.
Published: July 2018

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) is considered an important kharif crop, which is grown extensively in the arid and semi-arid tropical regions, where other crops, like sorghum and maize, fail to produce economic yields. Its grains are valued as human food, while its dry stover makes significant livestock ration in croplivestock farming system. Pearl millets (MB-87), a newly developed variety of Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, is one of the best pearl millet variety, which gives more than one cutting and helps to cope with fodder lean period, as well as more income can be generated in addition to seed. So, overcome the scarcity period the study was conducted to check the effect of last cutting dates on seed production of multicut pearl millet MB-87 was conducted at Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan, during 2015 and 2016. Following parameters were taken in to consideration, i.e. plant height (cm), stem thickness (cm), number of leaves per tiller, number of tillers per plant, green fodder yield (t/ha), length of head (cm), 1000 grains weight (g) and grain yield (kg/ha). The results depicted that grain yield, i.e. 319.20, was maximum and head length was highest, i.e. 35.13 cm on 20th of August having last date of cut, whereas all others parameters were found to be nonsignificant. Multicut bajra gives three cutting of fodder, followed by seed, as compared with conventional bajra, which gives only one cutting or seed. Therefore, it is more economical for the growers of fodders to grow the pearl millets MB-87 as fodder, as well as for seed purposes. So, it is concluded that for gaining maximum grain yield of multicut pearl millet MB-87 the last cutting date should be 20th of August. In future, pearl millet is likely to play a larger role in providing food and nutritional security.
Essential Oil Composition of Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger at Different Growing Altitudes in Mazandaran, Iran
Authors: Ghelichnia H.
Published: July 2018

Thymus fedtschenkoi Ronniger (Lamiaceae) is a permanent, that grows in some mountain rangelands of Iran, including Mazandaran province. The aerial parts of Thymus fedtschenkoi were collected during flowering stage in June 2012, from mountain rangelands of Mazandaran province, in north of Iran. Samples were collected from five altitudes (1300 m, 1600 m, 2000 m, 2400 m and 3000 m) in mountain region of Mazandaran province. The goal of current research was to assessment the effect of altitude on the chemical composition and function of essential oil in Thymus fedtschenkoi. The essential oil were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on the results, the essential oil content is between 0.92-1.31%, at different altitudes. The highest content of essential oil (1.31%%) was extracted in the highest altitude (3000 m), while it was opposite (0.92%) in the lowest altitude (1300 m). The main essential oil compounds of Thymus fedtschenkoi samples were thymol (8.62%-36.86%), carvacrol (6.787%-68.39%), γ-terpinene (1.473T-6.461%), p-cymen (5.764%-16.204%) and linalool (0.465%-6.457 6.8%). According to the results, altitude has a positive effect on the percentage of essential oils and essential oil increases with increasing altitude. The altitude has a negative effect on the percentage of thymol and the content of thymol decreased with increasing altitude. The altitude has a positive effect on the percentage of carvacrol and the content of carvacrol increased with increasing altitude.
Evaluating the Performance of Socially Responsible Investment Funds
Authors: Donath Liliana Eva , Ioan Roxana , Mandimutsira Tatenda
Published: July 2018

The definition and scope of sustainability have evolved over the years, stimulated by debates which have won the attention of investors, thereby creating concepts such as responsible investment, socially responsible investment, responsible finance, etc. The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate whether screening has an effect on the financial performance of mutual funds and whether these effects are positive or negative. The study mainly focuses on the U.S. market as it is well developed and therefore provides greater insight and value. The research method uses the Markowitz and Sharpe market models to determine the market value of SRI and non SRI mutual funds. The study also depicts the investors’ attitude towards embedding sustainability driven variables in the decision making process as well as the market response to socially responsible investments.
Using 3D Modelling Techniques for Surveys in Two Dimensional Scale Model Tests of Breakwaters
Authors: Lemos Rute , Henriques Maria , Muralha António , Jónatas Ricardo , Fortes Conceição , Capitão Rui
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on a study of different methodologies for surveying two-dimensional scale models of rubble mound breakwaters.

Tests were conducted in one of the LNEC’s irregular wave flumes and involved the use of four different methodologies using photogrammetric and 3D scanning techniques.

This paper describes the materials and methods used during the experiments, as well as the results obtained.

The data analysis contains the profiles and comparison of the meshes used in each of the techniques, in order to evaluate their application in scale model tests of rubble mound breakwaters. Also, the specific experimental conditions needed for using each of these techniques were investigated.
An Experimental Investigation of the Stress-Strain Behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Venu M. , Gunneswara Rao T. D.
Published: July 2018

This paper focuses on the mechanical properties and modulus of elasticity of fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete. In this study an 8 molarity concentration of NaOH and alkaline liquid ratio in a ratio of 2.5 was used. This study includes the stress-strain behaviour along with the flexural strength, compressive strength and split tensile strengths for the GPC20, GPC40 and GPC60 grades. Tests were carried out on 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm cubes and 100 × 100 × 500 mm prisms and 150 × 300 mm cylindrical geopolymer concrete specimens. The test results not- ed the good mechanical properties and measured stress-strain relations of fly ash and GGBS based geopolymer concrete under ambient curing conditions. The elastic modulus was significantly varied with increases in the grade of the concrete. An equation was proposed to determine the modulus of elasticity based on the compressive strength of the geopolymer concrete.
Traffic Engineering Analysis in the Preparation and Reconstruction of Urban Roads
Authors: Schlosser Tibor , Schlosser Peter
Published: July 2018

The contribution deals with issues of road administration in municipalities in terms of the requirements for engineering renovations of urban communications networks. The goal is to declare an end to the degradation of the quality and service of local roads in cities. The reason is the lack of funding. The engineering analysis should demonstrate the need to make an informed request for reconstruction of local roads in our towns and cities. The aim of this paper is to describe the processes that are related to specific engineering work but are closely linked to the performance of the preparation on both sides, i.e., the administration versus the design. Why do we passively observe the gradual destruction of the quality of our local roads in the cities? Before our eyes the road constructions of roadways crumble, on the other hand, the level of their transport service on them only presents us with traffic jams. How can you know the status of the background of our streets and their pavements in an urbanized area? A couple of technical studies oriented towards the advance of public transport, especially for Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia which were based on traffic modelling together with engineering designs were published (Borš et.al, 2017; Pomichal et.al, 2017; Koštial et.al, 2017; Schlosser and Schlosser, 2016; Schlosser and Orthová, 2016; Schlosser et.al, 2016; Schlosser et.al, 2017; Schlosser et.al, 2017). Some answers to the complexities of this issue are set out in this article.
Are Multi-Armed Bandits Susceptible to Peeking?
Authors: Loecher Markus
Published: July 2018

A standard method to evaluate new features and changes to e.g. Web sites is A/B testing. A common pitfall in performing A/B testing is the habit of looking at a test while it’s running, then stopping early. Due to the implicit multiple testing, the p-value is no longer trustworthy and usually too small. We investigate the claim that Bayesian methods, unlike frequentist tests, are immune to this “peeking” problem. We demonstrate that two regularly used measures, namely posterior probability and value remaining are severely affected by repeated testing. We further show a strong dependence on the prior probability of the parameters of interest.
Sistem Pengontrolan Dan Keamanan Rumah Pintar (Smart Home) Berbasis Android
Authors: Yendri Dodon , Putri Rahmi Eka
Published: July 2018

The tightness of one's activities sometimes makes people forget about security and comfort issues such as forgetting to lock the door, forgetting to turn off the lights or other electronic equipment so that it makes the house unsafe and also have an impact on energy waste. This research objective was to design a home security control system using Raspberry Pi connected to several electronic equipment, wifi, and internet communication networks. Remote control and monitoring using a smartphone. The test was carried out on ACS712 current sensor, PIR (Passive Infra Red) sensor, DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor, two lights and one webcam and buzzer. The test results show that the system that is designed can display information on current values, temperature, and humidity and also can control the condition of the house by turning on and off two lights with a 100% success rate. The PIR sensor can detect the movement of people at a maximum distance of 5.5 meters and the webcam manages to capture objects when motion is detected, the notification will automatically be sent to the owner's smartphone and the buzzer will be activated immediately.
Sistem Pemesanan Makanan dan Minuman Pada Restoran Menggunakan Teknologi NFC Berbasis Android
Authors: Putri Annisa Yolanda , Yendri Dodon
Published: July 2018

One area of business that is in great demand today is the culinary field. The culinary field is very mushrooming because it deals with meeting basic human needs. Therefore service to digital needs to be a concern. The goal is to improve services with NFC (Near Field Communication) based on Android for ordering food and drinks. This research uses experimental research methods by applying NFC that is on smart phones as a way to bring the smart phone closer to the NFC tag that is already on each table. Message data entered on a mini PC computer (Raspberry Pi) as the server for the next as a booking order that will be ordered by the waiter. Simulation show that a system can read NFC tags and find out table numbers via a smart phone with a 100% success rate, remote reading of NFC tags by smart phones is 2.5 cm and the average time by the system is 1,12 seconds. Besides that, the system is also equipped with calculations for payments with 100% accuracy.
Pengaruh Level Protein dalam Ransum dan Lama Pencahayaan terhadap Bobot Baging, Bobot Tulang dan Nisbah Daging Tulang Karkas Burung Puyuh Jantan
Authors: Rahmawati H. G. , Muryani R. , Kismiati S.
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh level protein dalam ransum dan lama pencahayaan terhadap bobot daging, bobot tulang dan nisbah daging tulang karkas burung puyuh jantan. Materi yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah 270 ekor puyuh jantan umur 2 hari dengan bobot badan 8,6 ± 0,50 g (CV = 5,81%), mulai perlakuan puyuh berumur 4 minggu dengan bobot badan 82,5 ± 0,80 g (CV = 0,97%). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan pola Rancangan Petak Terbagi. Lama pencahayaan sebagai petak utama, meliputi C1 : lama pencahayaan lampu selama 4 jam, C2 : selama 6 jam dan C3 : selama 12 jam. Level protein dalam ransum sebagai anak petak, meliputi P1 : kadar protein ransum 18%, P2 : protein ransum 20% dan P3 : protein ransum 22%. Parameter yang diamati bobot daging, bobot tulang dan nisbah daging tulang karkas. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada minggu ke-8. Data yang didapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dan uji F. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi (P>0,05) antara level protein dalam ransum dan lama pencahayaan terhadap bobot daging, bobot tulang dan nisbah daging tulang karkas. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian level protein dan lama pencahayaan yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi bobot daging, bobot tulang dan nisbah daging tulang karkas.
Pengaruh Suplementasi Kolin Klorida terhadap Efisiensi Energi Bruto pada Sapi Perah Laktasi
Authors: Hayusasmita R. G. , Harjanti D. W. , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi kolin klorida dalam pakan terhadap efisiensi energi bruto sapi perah laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 ekor sapi perah betina Friesian Holstein laktasi pada bulan laktasi ke-3 dan ke-4 dengan periode laktasi II. Pakan yang digunakan adalah rumput gajah dan konsentrat WA Feed, serta kolin klorida 60% corncob dengan imbangan pemberian hijauan dan konsentrat 40 : 60. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah cross over designs dengan 2 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah T0 (ransum kontrol) dan T1 (ransum kontrol + kolin klorida 30 g/ekor/hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara konsumsi TDN pada kelompok T0  (9,05 ± 1,44 kg/ekor/hari) dan T1 (9,61 ± 1,40 kg/ekor/hari). Namun, produksi susu 4% FCM pada kelompok T1 (14,54 ± 3,14 kg/ekor/hari) lebih banyak (P<0,05) jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok  T0 (13,36 ± 2,63 kg/ekor/hari). Efisiensi energi bruto menunjukan tidak berbeda antara T0  (0,28 ± 0,05) dan T1  (0,29 ± 0,06). Simpulan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan bahwa suplementasi kolin klorida dalam pakan sebanyak 30 g/ekor/hari tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi TDN dan efisiensi energi bruto, namun dapat meningkatkan produksi susu 4% FCM.
THE AERODYNAMIC CHRACTERISTICS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY OF TWO-SHELL PARAGLIDERS
Authors: Ovchinnicov V. V. , Petrov Yu. V.
Published: July 2018

Currently, two-shell paragliders (TSP) find a sufficiently wide application, including the solution of transport problems. A two-shell paraglider is a soft wing, the form of which is supported by the high-speed pressure in the stream and it is a complex aeroelastic system. To determine the aerodynamic characteristics of such system the use of nonlinear aerodynamics and nonlinear theory of elasticity methods is required, it causes the significant computational difficulties. This paper studies the aerodynamic characteristics of various steady-state shapes of gliding parachutes, the calculation-experimental method of their calculation is proposed. It is shown that the replacement of the volumetric profile of TSP median surface allows to receive the results which correctly reflect the qualitative effects of stalled and attached flows. It leads to the assumption that such replacement was possible for obtaining data about the main patterns of parachute finite wings span flow. The aerodynamic characteristics data of TSP steady-state shapes allow to identify the regularities of their changes depending on parachute cutting shape, the deformations of its surface caused by the incoming flow or control actions. To solve the problem of gliding parachute stall, with a stream of air, the discrete vortex method with closed frameworks is used. This method allows to calculate the aerodynamic characteristics of parachutes. The middle surface airflow of TSP steady-state shape with the flow of an ideal incompressible fluid is examined. The parachute fabric permeability is not considered because the upper and lower TSP cloth is either made of low permeable or impermeable fabric. The stalled aerodynamic coefficients are determined by time averaging after calculations up to its larger values. The results of the calculations are given. The possibility of application the proposed methodology for calculation of TSP aerodynamic characteristics in the range of angles of attack to 10° and over 20° for the simplified calculation scheme with accuracy 10% is shown. At the same time, it is revealed that with the increase of soft wing elongation, it is important to consider its main surface curvature for more precise aerodynamic characteristics definition. The proposed methodology can be used for rapid assessments of aerodynamic forces at the design stage and in planning tube experiment. The obtained results can be useful in TSP design during the performance of the tube experiments.
Exploring Perceptions of Bitcoin Adoption: The South African Virtual Community Perspective
Authors: J Walton Aiden , A. Johnston Kevin
Published: July 2018

Aim/Purpose: This paper explored the factors (enablers and barriers) that affect Bitcoin adoption in South Africa, a Sub-Saharan country with the high potential for Bitcoin adoption.

Background: In recent years, Bitcoin has seen a rapid growth as a virtual cryptocurrency throughout the world. Bitcoin is a protocol which allows value to be exchanged over the internet without a central bank or intermediary. Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are technological tools that arguably can contribute to reducing transactions costs. This paper explored the factors that affect Bitcoin adoption in South Africa, a Sub-Saharan country with the high potential for Bitcoin adoption, as little is known about the factors that affect Bitcoin adoption and the barriers to adoption.

Methodology: A quantitative questionnaire was distributed to South African virtual communities where Bitcoin is a topic of interest, and 237 quantitative responses were received, along with 212 open-ended comments.

Contribution: This research contributes to the body of knowledge in information systems by providing insights into factors that affect Bitcoin adoption in South Africa. It raises awareness of incentives and barriers to Bitcoin adoption at a time when financial literacy is a crucial issue both in South Africa and worldwide.

Findings: The results indicate that perceived benefit, attitude towards Bitcoin, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control directly affected the participants’ intentions to use Bitcoin. Perceived benefit, usefulness, ease of use, and trust-related risk were found to indirectly affect intention to use Bitcoin. Further, it emerges that the barriers to Bitcoin adoption in South Africa consist of the complex nature of Bitcoin and its high degree of volatility.

Recommendations for Practitioners: Bitcoin can contribute to reducing transactions costs, but factors that affect adoption and the barriers to adoption should be taken into consideration. These findings can inform systems and software developers to develop applications that make managing Bitcoin keys and transacting using Bitcoin less complex and more intuitive for end users.

Recommendation for Researchers: Bitcoin adoption in South Africa is a topic that has not been previously researched. Researchers could research similarities or differences in the various constructs that were used in this research model.

Impact on Society: South African Bitcoin users consider it as a universal currency that makes cross-border payments cheaper. A large number of refugees and workers in South Africa make regular payments across borders. Bitcoin could reduce the costs of these transfers.

Future Research: Future research could explore Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies) adoption in other developing countries. Researchers could look at factors that influence cryptocurrency adoption in general. The factors affecting adoption of other cryptocurrencies can be compared to the results of this study, and similarities and differences can thus be identified.
Mean annual green water footprint of national consumption per capita (1996-2005)
Authors: Guefradj Najet
Published: July 2018

This layer represents estimation of the mean annual green water footprint of national consumption for the period 1996-2005. The water footprint is a measure of human’s appropriation of freshwater resources. The green water footprint is the volume of green water (rainwater) consumed, which is particularly relevant in crop production.
Estimation are given in cubic meter per capita per year. In the table, data are also available disaggregated per sectors: agricultural production, industrial production and domestic water use.

Methodology and results can be found in the main report: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/Reports/Report50-NationalWaterFootprints-Vol1.pdf .

For more information, visit the Water Footprint Network website: http://temp.waterfootprint.org/?page=files/WaterStat

Agriculture
Supply
Use/Reuse
Proportion of Municipal Water supplied by other sources
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

Today, cities are looking farther beyond their limits for clean water. Some cities are already investing in other water sources such as recycled water, rainwater harvest or private sector vendors. This footprint analysis involve 534 cities, who draw water from 20 percent of the world’s land surface.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Drinking water
Human settlements
Supply
Proportion of Municipal Water supply from Desalinization Process
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

Today, cities are looking farther beyond their limits for clean water. Some cities involve desalinization procedures, investing billions of dollars to partially supply clean water. This kind of process in energy intensive, therefore, countries with a combination between water scarce and oil rich are the most probable to use this technique. This footprint analysis involve 534 cities, who draw water from 20 percent of the world’s land surface.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Drinking water
Human settlements
Supply
Phosphorus Yield Category
Authors: Barranco-Fabre Adrian
Published: July 2018

In cases were the watersheds are exploited for intensive agricultural purposes, as consequence the fertilizer concentration increase. Thus, the fertilizer filters into the water and rise the accumulation of common nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, affecting their proper cycle. Around 384 million urbanities receive their drinking water from watersheds with high nutrient pollution. This map shows the total quantity of phosphorous moving out of a watershed in a given time interval, being expressed as units of tonnes/km2/year, organized into four categories: “Low” if less than 8kg/km2; “Medium” if between 8-20 kg/km2; “High” if more 20 kg/km2 and “No Information”.

For more information, access the Urban Water Blueprint report here: http://www.iwa-network.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Urban-Water-Blueprint-Report.pdf

You can also visit the Urban Water Blueprint website here: http://water.nature.org/waterblueprint/#/intro=true

Basin
Drinking Water
Groundwater
Human Settlements
Supply
Surface water
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water sources in 2015 for 15-49 year-old males.
Authors: Guefradj Najet
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water sources for 15-49 year-old males in 2015.

One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation. Data for other age ranges are also available in the table.

Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015

For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Quality
Hubungan Mutu Buah dan Curah Hujan Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Purwanto Imdad Julian , Santosa Edi
Published: July 2018

Kegiatan penelitian dilaksanakan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) di kebun kelapa sawit. Faktor yang dianalisis adalah kualitas buah dan curah hujan hubungannya dengan kandungan ALB. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2014 di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model regresi linier berganda. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan persentase buah restan berpengaruh nyata (P value = 0.045) terhadap kenaikan kadar ALB pada taraf 10%. Kenaikan 1% jumlah buah restan akan menaikkan ALB sebesar 0.001%. Persetase buah over ripe, buah unripe dan buah under ripe tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kenaikan ALB. Hal tersebut diduga karena proporsi yang sangat kecil. Demikian juga curah hujan, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan ALB.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Fisiologi Aksesi Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) dalam Kondisi Cekaman Kekeringan di Pembibitan
Authors: Utama Fajar , Hariyadi .
Published: July 2018

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas Linn) merupakan salah satu bahan baku popular untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar biodiesel. Kendala yang sering terjadi, yaitu lahan yang tersedia untuk menanam Jatropha adalah lahan marjinal sehingga penting untuk mengetahui toleransi aksesi jarak pagar terhadap kekeringan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca, Cikabayan, Dramaga IPB. Pengujian klorofil dilakukan di laboratorium Molecular Marker, Spectrofotometry dan UV-Vis, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dimulai bulan Juli 2011 dan berakhir Maret 2012. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dua faktor, yaitu aksesi dan uji cekaman dengan ulangan tiga kali. Faktor pertama yang diamati adalah toleransi terhadap kekeringan yang dilakukan pada tiga taraf, yaitu 30%, 55%, dan 80% kadar air tanah kapasitas lapang. Faktor kedua yang diamati adalah 10 aksesi jathropa yang telah dievaluasi, diantaranya IP-3M, Jatim 013, Jatim 045, NTT 065, NTT 080, NTB 019, NTB 047, NTB 116, Sulawesi 72 dan Sulawesi 117. Berdasarkan uji klorofil a dan b yang telah dilakukan, aksesi Jatim 045 menunjukkan perlakuan dengan hasil terbaik (toleransi tertinggi terhadap kekeringan), sedangkan dari uji skor toleransi tertinggi terhadap kekeringan antara 35% dan 80% kapasitas lapang ditunjukkan oleh NTT 065 aksesi dan toleransi tertinggi terhadap kekeringan di antara 55% dan 80% kadar air tanah ditunjukkan oleh aksesi Jatim 045 dan NTB 047.
Pengaruh Pupuk Nitrogen dan Pupuk Hayati Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Sayuran Daun Indigenous Tahunan
Authors: Delyani Rista , Kartika Juang Gema
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dosis pupuk nitrogen terbaik dan mengetahui pengaruh pupuk cair hayati terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi dua sayuran daun indigenous tahunan sebagai komoditas sayuran yang dapat dipanen lebih dari satu kali. Penelitian dilaksanakan kebun percobaan Lewikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor mulai pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2012. Penelitian menggunakan percobaan paralel dengan 2 komoditas, yaitu kenikir dan kemangi. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 2 faktor untuk setiap komoditas. Faktor pertama dadalah dosis Nitrogen dengan 4 taraf, 0 kg ha-1, 45 kg ha-1, 90 kg ha-1, dan 135 kg ha-1. Faktor keduan adalah Pupuk Cair Hayati (PCH) dengan 2 taraf, dengan PCH dan tanpa PCH. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dosis Nitrogen dapat meningkatkan produksi dua sayuran daun indigenous pada bobot hasil panen per petak. Nitrogen dapat memberikan produksi lebih baik pada lingkungan tapi belum optimum. Dosis rekomendasi Nitrogen sebesar 92,73 kg ha-1 untuk kenikir dan 45 kg ha-1 untuk kemangi. PCH tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap produksi dari dua sayuran daun indigenous.
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER EPIDEMIC IN 2007–2017 PART 1. COMMON TRENDS FOR ASF IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND IN EURASIA
Authors: Oganesyan A. S. , Shibayev М. A. , Baskakova Н. Ye. , Korennoy F. I. , Karaulov A. К.
Published: July 2018

Results of retrospective analysis of African swine fever epidemic situation in the Russian Federation including analysis of the epidemic chronology indicating significant events of the disease spread across the country territory are presented. Common ASF epidemic trend and rate in 2007–2017 in Eurasia territory based on number of infected countries (1.273 ± 1.272 countries/year) and in Russian Federation Subjects (4.5 ± 2.3 Subjects/year) are shown. The paper also addresses some peculiarities of the epidemic process depending on the season of a year. Possible social and biological factors contributing to the epidemic spread are examined. Necessity of further search for probable biological vector and examination of social factors that could contribute to the disease maintenance in wild life and in domestic pigs in the Russian Federation and Eastern European countries are discussed.
METHOD FOR FMD VIRUS 146S COMPONENT CONCENTRATION DETERMINATION WITH REAL-TIME REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION – POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION IN VACCINE RAW MATERIALS
Authors: Doronin M. I. , Timina A. M. , Lozovoy D. A. , Starikov V. A. , Mikhalishin D. V. , Medvedeva N. N. , Borisov А. V.
Published: July 2018

Method for determination of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus 146S component concentration with real-time reverse transcription – polymerase chain reaction (rtRT-PCR) in vaccine raw materials is developed. Negative regression model of  С146S = (30.269 – Ct)/4.155 type allowing determination of FMDV 146S particle concentrations based on the amplification threshold cycle values (Ct) is proposed. It has been experimentally proven that the quantity of the 146S component determined by the real-time RT-PCR method using developed regression model and contained in the inoculation dose of FMD vaccine confers protection to the vaccinated animals against generalized FMD of A, O, Asia-1 types. rtRT-PCR method is highly sensitive and allows rapid and highly reliable estimation of  the 146S antigen concentration in FMD vaccine. The method for 146S particle quantity determination by real-time RT-PCR using the regression model is reliable and demonstrates high correlation (95.5–99.0%) with the complement fixation test results.
EFFECT OF "VETOM 21.77" PREPARATION ON SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PATTERN IN MICE
Authors: Rafikova E. R.
Published: July 2018

It is known that predatory Hyphomycetes fungi play an important role in measures taken for helminthic infestation prevention. There is little evidence on properties of compounds contained in predatory fungi and their effect on animals. Results of tests of "Vetom 21.77", new microbiological preparation based on Duddingtonia flagrans, for its effect on serum biochemical pattern of laboratory mice are presented. The preparation was administered to the animals at the dose of 2, 5, 50 and 300 µl/kg of body weight. The animals were examined for tested parameters prior and 2 and 7 days after daily administration of the preparation. The parameters remained within the normal physiological limits in all test group as well as in control group not given the preparation. The test results indicated safety of the said microbiological preparation. Significant increase in total protein and albumin contents was recorded in mice given the maximum dose of the preparation as compared with those of control group.
Incêndios em edificações e mortes violentas: O que se esconde por trás da indiferença
Authors: Correa Cristiano , Rêgo Silva José Jéferson , Duarte Dayse , Braga George Cajaty
Published: July 2018

Os incêndios em edificações são mais numerosos do que é noticiado na grande mídia, provocando enormes perdas matérias e muitas tragédias, por vezes silenciosas, com a perda da vida e a produção de feridos. Neste artigo é estudado a possível â€˜invisibilidadeâ€™ do problema, com foco nos incêndios com letalidade. A cidade de Recife é utilizada como cenário de pesquisa, sendo examinada sua taxa de mortes em incêndios, computadas através dos atendimentos do Corpo de Bombeiros Militar de Pernambuco, ponderando-a com outras cidades que tem população semelhante no mundo. Vê-se ainda a diferença de ordem de grandeza entre estas mortes em incêndios e os números oficiais de óbitos no trânsito e por Crime Violento Letal Intencional â€“ CVLI, estimando que esta diferença vem a ser uma das razões da possível â€˜invissibilidadeâ€™ dada ao problema.
Designing e-Participation with Balkan Journalists
Authors: Taylor-Smith Ella , Buckner Kathy
Published: July 2018

This paper describes the use of scenarios as a central part of the design methodology, in a project to create an e-participation initiative, working with the national news agencies in 3 Western Balkans countries. The stakeholders in the project came from a variety of backgrounds, with different skills, experiences of technology and ideas about participatory democracy. For design purposes, the most important stakeholders involved are journalists from the Balkan news agencies, as these will be major users of the tool, creating content and managing e-participation processes. Scenarios were used to put these journalists at the centre of the design and specification process. This method also provided the diverse stakeholders with a focus for discussion and shared understanding. The use of scenarios influenced the design of all aspects of the e-participation initiative, including the format of the online tools, the rules and methods for managing online discussions and the offline path of influence with those in power.
Electronic Support for the Legislative Consultation Process
Authors: Schefbeck Günther
Published: July 2018

The paper outlines the theoretical concepts of (legislative) consultation and describes the practical requirements of electronic support for consultation processes. It suggests that new electronic tools, in particular Social and Semantic Web tools, might have a sound potential to increase within civil society the interest in being involved in consultation processes, to improve the quality of argumentation within such processes, and to make more efficient the evaluation of their results.
Editorial
Authors: Schossboeck Judith , Edelmann Noella , Parycek Peter
Published: July 2018

This issue of JeDEM is based on a selection of extended and updated versions of papers presented at EDEM 10 (Conference for Electronic Democracy and Open Government, Krems, Austria). It compromises the papers receiving the best reviewer scores and the keynote talks of the conference.
Digital Citizenship and Activism: Questions of Power and Participation Online
Authors: Bakardjieva Maria , Svensson Jakob , Skoric Marko
Published: July 2018

The eJournal of eDemocracy and Open Government (JeDEM) is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal (ISSN: 2075-9517) published twice a year. It addresses theory and practice in the areas of eDemocracy and Open Government as well as eGovernment, eParticipation, and eSociety. JeDEM publishes ongoing and completed research, case studies and project descriptions that are selected after a rigorous blind review by experts in the field.
Is this local e-democracy? How the online sphere of influence shaped local politics. Empirical evidence from the Manchester Congestion Charge referendum
Authors: Hepburn Paul Anthony
Published: July 2018

The debate on the potential of the internet to transform democratic practice appears to have settled around a balanced, empirically driven consensus that sees the internet as a political sphere of influence. This article acknowledges this and drawing upon a network ethnography approach provides empirical evidence demonstrating how this online sphere was used to influence the recent Manchester Congestion Charge referendum in the UK. It illustrates the online sphere as a locally contested political space where ‘politics as usual’ appears to prevail. Nonetheless, it also provides evidence of civic activists ably using the online network to get their voices heard and argues that prospects for this online sphere enhancing local democracy are in fact contingent upon the agency of these activists and local policy makers.
The Dynamics of Participation and Organisation in European Digital Rights Campaigning
Authors: Breindl Yana
Published: July 2018

The paper examines the participation characteristics within internet-based collective action by analysing the case of digital rights campaigning. Drawing upon empirical findings from a case study (the “Telecoms Package” campaign, 2007-2009), we discuss how digital rights activists organise, collaborate and mobilise using websites, mailing lists, wikis and instant messaging channels. Participation is individualised and malleable. However, successful digital rights’ campaigning requires political, technical and social skills. To intervene in EU policy-making, activists need technical and political expertise and technological skills. As a result and contrary to claims of inclusiveness and openness, digital rights campaigning is in fact dominated by a small group of highly specialised movement entrepreneurs who mobilise occasionally to demonstrate broader support to policy-makers. The emergence of internet-based campaigning does not necessarily equal to more inclusive forms of participation. However, it allows for the engagement of resource-poor actors in traditional policy settings such as the EU.
An Empirical Analysis of the Theory of Planned Behavior: A Review of Its Application on E-democracy Adoption Using the Partial Least Squares Algorithm.
Authors: Nchise Abinwi C
Published: July 2018

Prior information systems (IS) research has provided valuable insight on technology adoption and use which is critical in deriving the benefits of information technology. These studies have utilized theories such as Technology Acceptance Model, Theory of Reason Action, and Technological determinism model to investigate technology adoption. This study continues in this line of research by evaluating the perspectives of investigating the concept of e-democracy within the framework of the Planned Behavioral Theory an extension to the Theory of Reason Action. The article seeks to explain internet and mobile enhanced citizen’s participation in democracy (e-democracy) base on their inherent (attitude) and environmental (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control) enablers and barriers to participate in e-democracy, and how the internet and wireless technologies can help to address democratic issues in resource poor settings such as the Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). The study takes the perspective of critical realism and thus provides an example of the application of this research paradigm in an empirical study. We investigated this phenomenon by providing a theoretical grounded model that explains e-democracy adoption adapted from the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and tested from an empirical examination of constructs using data from randomly selected sub-Saharan African countries. The results render support for the proposed hypotheses, emphasizing the role of human behavior on citizens’ e-democracy adoption.
Towards Distributed Citizen Participation: Lessons from WikiLeaks and the Queensland Floods
Authors: Bruns Axel
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the rapid and ad hoc development and interactions of participative citizen communities during acute events, using the examples of the 2011 floods in Queensland, Australia, and the global controversy surrounding Wikileaks and its spokesman, Julian Assange. The self-organising community responses to such events which can be observed in these cases bypass or leapfrog, at least temporarily, most organisational or administrative hurdles which may otherwise frustrate the establishment of online communities; they fast-track the processes of community development and structuration. By understanding them as a form of rapid prototyping, e-democracy initiatives can draw important lessons from observing the community activities around such acute events.
Democratic Process in Online Crowds and Communities
Authors: Haythornthwaite Caroline
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the underlying structures that support participation and reputation in online crowd and community-based peer productions. Building on writings on open source, peer production, participatory culture, and social networks, the paper describes crowd and community structures as two ends of a continuum of collective action - from lightweight to heavyweight - differentiated by the extent of connectivity and engagement between contributions and among contributors. This is followed by an examination of the recognition, reputation and reward systems that support these collectives, and how these affect who controls and who contributes information. The aim of this exploration is to gain insight for understanding motivations and structures for e-participation in these different, potentially democratic, forums.
Parliamentary Informatics Projects – Who Are their Users and What Is Their Impact?
Authors: Ostling Alina
Published: July 2018

The past decade has brought a boom of online initiatives that monitor performance of parliaments – a practice commonly referred to as ‘parliamentary informatics’. A recent survey identified 191 organisations monitoring over 80 parliaments worldwide; many of these use digital tools to aggregate information and facilitate citizens’ involvement in parliamentary activity (Mandelbaum 2011). At the same time, little is actually known about who uses these platforms and whether they increase the quality of democracy. This paper aims to fill this gap by assessing parliamentary informatics projects in three European countries from the point of view of key democratic dimensions: equality, accountability, and political responsiveness. In particular, the paper shows that parliamentary informatics projects achieve mixed results in terms of democratic quality. Many of the traditionally underrepresented groups in politics have even more limited presence on these online platforms. The accountability - including access to user-friendly, close to real-time, and objective political information that help ordinary citizen to hold their representative accountable - turns out to be the strongpoint of this type of projects. However, users do not consider transparency of information to be enough. Many participants build up significant expectations about political effects of their engagement. Yet, their expectations are generally disappointed by lack of impact.
Negotiating the Political Self on Social Media Platforms An In-Depth Study of Image-Management in an Election-Campaign in a Multi-Party Democracy
Authors: Svensson Jakob
Published: July 2018

The elections 2010 were the first in Sweden where social media platforms were used to a large extent by politicians and parties in their campaigns. In this paper we follow the liberal parliamentarian Nina Larsson, who in tandem with traditional election campaigning used social media platforms with the guidance of a local communication agency, Hello Clarice. The paper is theoretically grounded in an understanding of our time as late modern, of social media use as expressive and web campaigning as to large extent revolving around image-management. The research question that will be attended to in this paper is how Nina Larsson used social media platforms in her campaign negotiate the image of herself. The methods used for empirical data-gathering are inspired by (n)ethnography, with both participant observation online and offline, interviews as well as content analyses of Nina's social media postings. Results indicate that she used social media platforms to control her political image, to amplify selected text - texts that often originated in offline/broadcast media – and to negotiate a position within the Liberal Party rather than to deliberate with potential voters.