bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Anterior to Dorsal Eye Rotation in the Celestial-Eye Goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Li Rongni , Sun Yansheng
Published: January 2025

Goldfish (Carassius auratus), subjected to millennia of artificial selection and breeding, have diversified into numerous ornamental varieties, such as the celestial-eye (CE) goldfish, noted for its unique dorsal eye rotation. Previous studies have primarily focused on anatomical modifications in CE goldfish eyes, yet the molecular underpinnings of their distinctive eye orientation remain poorly understood. This study employed high-throughput transcriptome and proteome sequencing on 110-day-old full-sibling CE goldfish, which displayed either anterior or upward eye rotations. Verification of these findings was conducted using quantitative PCR (qPCR) for transcriptomic data and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) for proteomic analysis. Our research identified 73,685 genes and 7717 proteins, pinpointing 8 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs) implicated in cytoskeleton remodeling, cell adhesion, apoptosis, and optic nerve regeneration. Enrichment analyses further delineated pathways associated with apoptosis, necroptosis, and cell adhesion molecules. The results indicated a significant role for genes involved in cytoskeletal dynamics, nervous system function, and apoptotic processes in the dorsal eye rotation of CE goldfish. Analyses of abnormalities in ocular membrane structures, along with disturbances in lipid and protein synthesis metabolism and energy metabolism during developmental stages, provided compelling evidence for the potential use of CE goldfish as a model organism in studying human eye-related disorders. This investigation provided the first comprehensive transcriptomic and proteomic overview of eye rotation in CE goldfish, offering insights crucial for the genetic breeding of new ornamental fish varieties.
Targeting Metabolic and Epigenetic Vulnerabilities in Glioblastoma with SN-38 and Rabusertib Combination Therapy
Authors: Chiou Jennifer , Impedovo Valeria , Huynh Yen Bao , Gorgoglione Ruggiero , Penalva Luiz O. F. , Lodi Alessia , Brenner Andrew J. , Tiziani Stefano
Published: January 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor, remains challenging to treat due to extensive inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. This variability demands combination treatments to improve therapeutic outcomes. A significant obstacle in treating GBM is the expression of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a DNA repair enzyme that reduces the efficacy of the standard alkylating agent, temozolomide, in about 50% of patients. This underscores the need for novel, more targeted therapies. Our study investigates the metabolic–epigenetic impact of combining SN-38, a novel topoisomerase inhibitor inducing DNA double-strand breaks, with rabusertib, a checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor. We identified this synergistic combination through high-throughput drug screening across a panel of GBM cell lines using a cancer drug library combined with SN-38. A secondary metabolic screening with the PEDS algorithm demonstrated a synergistic modulation of purine, one-carbon, and redox metabolism. Furthermore, the combined treatment led to the significant depletion of epigenetically relevant metabolites such as 5-methyl-cytosine, acetyl-lysine, and trimethyl-lysine. Reduced intermediates of the glutathione cycle indicated increased cellular stress following combinatorial treatment. Overall, the combination of SN-38 and rabusertib synergistically disrupts metabolites associated with epigenetic adaptations, leading to cytotoxicity independent of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase status, thereby underpinning this combination as a promising candidate for combinatorial therapy in GBM.
Ficus lindsayana Leaf Extract Protects C2C12 Mouse Myoblasts Against the Suppressive Effects of Bisphenol-A on Myogenic Differentiation
Authors: Pitchakarn Pornsiri , Karinchai Jirarat , Buacheen Pensiri , Imsumran Arisa , Wongnoppavich Ariyaphong , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Ounjaijean Sakaewan
Published: January 2025

Recently, toxicological and epidemiological research has provided strong support for the unfavorable effects of bisphenol-A (BPA, 2,2′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane) on myogenesis and its underlying mechanisms. Researchers have therefore been looking for new strategies to prevent or mitigate these injurious effects of BPA on the human body. It has been found that plant extracts may act as potential therapeutic agents or functional foods, preventing human diseases caused by BPA. We previously reported that Ficus lindsayana (FL) extract exhibits anti-inflammation activity in macrophages via suppressing the expression of inflammation-related molecules and anti-insulin resistance in inflammation-treated adipocytes. In this study, we investigated whether Ficus lindsayana leaf extract (FLLE) protects C2C12 mouse myoblasts against the suppressive effects of BPA on myogenic differentiation. The viability of BPA-stimulated C2C12 myoblasts was significantly increased when co-treated with FLLE (200 µg/mL), suggesting that the extract may lessen the inhibitory effects of BPA on cell division. We also found that FLLE significantly increased neo-myotube formation by inducing the fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes when compared to the BPA-treated control cells, without impacting cell viability. In addition, the levels of myogenin and myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), which are crucial markers and regulators of myogenesis, were markedly increased by the addition of FLLE (50 µg/mL) to the BPA-treated C2C12 cells. This finding suggests that FLLE effectively improved myogenic differentiation in BPA-exposed myoblasts. FLLE treatment (50 µg/mL) significantly raised total Akt protein levels in the BPA-treated C2C12 cells, enhancing protein phosphorylation. In addition, FLLE (50 µg/mL) obviously increased the phosphorylation levels of p70S6K and 4E-BP1, key downstream targets of the Akt/mTOR signaling cascade, by elevating total p70S6K and 4E-BP1 levels. These results suggest that FLLE diminishes the decline in myogenic differentiation induced by BPA via the regulation of the myocyte differentiation-related signaling pathway. The information obtained from this study demonstrates the health benefits of this plant, which warrants further investigation as an alternative medicine, functional ingredient, or food supplement that can prevent the negative health effects of BPA or other toxicants.
Validating Structural Predictions of Conjugated Macromolecules in Espaloma-Enabled Reproducible Workflows
Authors: Paul Madilyn E. , Jones Chris D. , Jankowski Eric
Published: January 2025

We incorporated Espaloma forcefield parameterization into MoSDeF tools for performing molecular dynamics simulations of organic molecules with HOOMD-Blue. We compared equilibrium morphologies predicted for perylene and poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) with the ESP-UA forcefield in the present work against prior work using the OPLS-UA forcefield. We found that, after resolving the chemical ambiguities in molecular topologies, ESP-UA is similar to GAFF. We observed the clustering/melting phase behavior to be similar between ESP-UA and OPLS-UA, but the base energy unit of OPLS-UA was found to better connect to experimentally measured transition temperatures. Short-range ordering measured by radial distribution functions was found to be essentially identical between the two forcefields, and the long-range ordering measured by grazing incidence X-ray scattering was qualitatively similar, with ESP-UA matching experiments better than OPLS-UA. We concluded that Espaloma offers promise in the automated screening of molecules that are from more complex chemical spaces.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Hemostatic System Activation in Relation to Shift Workers, Social Jetlag, and Chronotype in Female Nurses
Authors: Saharov Gleb , Salti Barbara , Bareya Maram , Keren-Politansky Anat , Fodi Muhammed , Shochat Tamar , Nadir Yona
Published: January 2025

Circadian misalignment, due to shiftwork and/or individual chronotype and/or social jetlag (SJL), quantified as the difference between internal and social timing, may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Markers of endothelial dysfunction and activation of the coagulation system may predict cardiovascular pathology. The present study aim was to investigate the effects of shift work, SJL, and chronotype on endothelial function and coagulation parameters. One hundred female nurses underwent endothelial function testing using the EndoPAT and blood sampling for coagulation markers, repeated at 06:00–9:00 and 18:00–21:00. We found that compared with day workers, endothelial function and fibrinogen levels were lower (p = 0.001, p = 0.005, respectively) and the procoagulant parameters of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and heparanase level and activity were higher amongst shift workers (p = 0.009, p = 0.03, p = 0.029, respectively). High SJL was associated with lower endothelial function (p = 0.002) and higher PAI-1, heparanase procoagulant activity, heparanase level, and D-Dimer level (p = 0.004, p = 0.003, p = 0.021, p = 0.006, respectively). In the late chronotype, PAI-1 and heparanase procoagulant activity were higher than in the early chronotype (p = 0.009, p = 0.007, respectively). Diurnal variation was found for PAI-1, von-Willebrand factor (vWF), heparanase, and heparan-sulfate with higher levels in the mornings. The correlation between shift/day workers and SJL or chronotype was moderately strong, indicating that SJL and chronotype are independent factors. In conclusion, findings suggest endothelial impairment and increased thrombotic risk in nurses working in shifts or with high SJL or late chronotype. The thrombotic risk is increased in the morning independent of circadian misalignment cause. These findings strengthen the importance of the alliance to the biological daily rhythm in daily life. Further research is needed to evaluate inhibitors of heparanase to attenuate the thrombotic risk in individuals with circadian misalignment.
Predictors of Compensatory Sweating and Satisfaction Following Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathetic Chain Clipping for Palmar/Axillary Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Nachira Dania , Vita Maria Letizia , Napolitano Antonio Giulio , Nocera Adriana , Congedo Maria Teresa , Punzo Giovanni , Petracca Ciavarella Leonardo , Meacci Elisa , Margaritora Stefano
Published: January 2025

Background: Endoscopic thoracic sympathetic chain clipping (ETSC) is a definitive treatment for primary palmar and/or axillary hyperhidrosis (PPAH); however, compensatory sweating (CS) remains a feared complication. The aims of this study were to investigate the factors associated with CS and satisfaction with the treatment and to evaluate the post-operative quality of life (QoL). Methods: From January 2011 to August 2023, 180 patients who had undergone two-stage ETSC were prospectively asked to complete pre- and post-operative questionnaires on satisfaction, CS, and QoL in several daily activities. Results: Seventy-nine patients (45.7%) were male, and fifty-two (30.1%) were active smokers, with a mean body max index (BMI) of 22.6 ± 3.14. The majority of the population (112 (62.2%)) was operated on for combined palmar and axillary primary hyperhidrosis (PH), whereas 56 (31.1%) patients had only palmar and 12 (6.7%) only axillar PH. Only 122 (67.8%) patients completed ETSC on both sides and the follow-up in the study period. CS was 50.8% (62 patients), and there was severe CS in 7 cases (5.7%); 9 (7.4%) patients developed a gustatory CS. The final effectiveness of ETSC was 95.9%, with a reported improvement in QoL in 95.3% of cases (mainly in manual work and socialization); 94.1% of patients were satisfied and would undertake ETSC again. At multivariable analysis, only older age (>24 years) was a predictor of CS (p = 0.007) and severe CS (p = 0.042). No predictor for satisfaction was found. Conclusions: ETS by clipping can improve QoL in cases of palmar/axillary hyperhidrosis. Older patients must be informed of a higher risk of CS.
The Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Muntean Calin , Solomon Adelaida , Cipaian Remus Calin , Vonica Razvan Constantin , Butuca Anca , Gaborean Vasile , Faur Ionut Flaviu , Feier Catalin Vladut Ionut
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives: Anlotinib, a novel multi-kinase inhibitor targeting angiogenesis and tumor proliferation pathways, has shown promising efficacy in various cancers. Its role in treating thyroid cancer, particularly radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAIR-DTC), medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), is of significant clinical interest. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Anlotinib in patients with thyroid cancer, analyzing outcomes such as progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), response rates, and adverse events. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to October 2023. The review included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies assessing Anlotinib in thyroid cancer patients. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers following PRISMA guidelines. Results: Six studies involving a total of 277 patients were included. In patients with RAIR-DTC, Anlotinib demonstrated significant improvement in median PFS and objective response rates. In advanced or metastatic MTC, Anlotinib significantly prolonged median PFS compared to placebo, with high objective response rates. Subgroup analyses showed that older patients and those with bone metastases benefited significantly from Anlotinib treatment. In patients with ATC, Anlotinib-based chemotherapy yielded a 60% objective response rate. Anlotinib was also effective as neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced thyroid cancer, achieving an objective response rate of 76.9%. Common adverse events included hypertension, proteinuria, and palmar–plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, which were generally manageable. Conclusions: Anlotinib appears to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with various types of thyroid cancer, providing significant improvements in PFS and objective response rates. Further large-scale randomized studies are warranted to confirm these findings and to explore long-term outcomes.
Effects of Implementing an Enhanced Recovery After Cardiac Surgery Protocol with On-Table Extubation on Patient Outcome and Satisfaction—A Before–After Study
Authors: Werner Adelina , Conrads Hannah , Rosenberger Johanna , Creutzenberg Marcus , Graf Bernhard , Foltan Maik , Blecha Sebastian , Stadlbauer Andrea , Floerchinger Bernhard , Tafelmeier Maria , Arzt Michael , Schmid Christof , Bitzinger Diane
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to improve clinical outcomes, shorten hospital length of stay (LOS), and reduce costs through a multidisciplinary perioperative approach. Although introduced in colorectal surgery, they are less established in cardiac surgery, especially in combination with on-table extubation (OTE). This study evaluates the impact of a novel ERAS concept with OTE (RERACS) in elective aortic-valve-replacement and coronary bypass surgery. Methods: In a monocentric study, we compared a prospective RERACS-group (n = 114) to a retrospective control group (n = 119) (TRIAL Registration (DRKS00031402). The RERACS concept contained multiple perioperative treatment measures such as respiratory training, short fasting, and OTE. The control group received standard care. Results: Primary endpoint: postoperative LOS. Secondary measurements: length of postoperative vasoactive drug support, duration of mechanical ventilation, complication rate, and patient satisfaction on the second postoperative day. RERACS patients showed significantly shorter postoperative length of stay (ICU: 40 ± 34 h vs. 56 ± 51 h, p = 0.005; hospital: 9 ± 4 d vs. 11 ± 6 d, p = 0.028), lower nosocomial infection rates (24% vs. 40%), fewer cases of postoperative cognitive dysfunction ((subsyndromal) delirium 40% vs. 57%), reduced nausea and vomiting (14.9% vs. 32.8%), and faster weaning from catecholamines (22 ± 30 h vs. 42 ± 48 h, p < 0.001), as well as high patient satisfaction. Conclusions: Our study indicated that an ERAS concept with OTE is safe and associated with faster and improved recovery, including lower catecholamine requirements, reduced LOS, and high patient satisfaction in low-risk cardiac surgery.
Evolution of Hospitalisation Due to Stroke in Italy Before and After the Outbreak of the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Population-Based Study Using Administrative Data
Authors: Amodio Emanuele , Di Maria Gabriele , Lodico Manuela , Genovese Dario , Muggeo Vito M. R. , Maniscalco Laura , Conti Michela , Sergio Maria , Cascio Antonio , Tuttolomondo Antonino , Matranga Domenica , Vitale Francesco , Enea Marco
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide, ranking as the second most common cause of death and the third in disability-adjusted life-years lost. Ischaemic stroke, which constitutes the majority of cases, poses significant public health and economic challenges. This study evaluates trends in ischaemic stroke hospitalisations in Italy from 2008 to 2022, focusing on differences before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We analysed ischaemic stroke hospitalisations among individuals admitted through emergency services using Italian hospital discharge records from 2008 to 2022. Poisson Inverse Gaussian regression was employed to assess hospitalisation trends, accounting for age, sex, and geographic variations. Results: Among 1,689,844 ischaemic stroke hospitalisations, there was a marked age-related increase, particularly among individuals aged 74 and older, with males consistently showing higher rates. Hospitalisation trends demonstrated a 20% reduction over 15 years, suggesting improvements in stroke prevention and treatment. However, there was a slight increase in rates during the COVID-19 period, despite the overall declining trend, highlighting the potential healthcare challenges experienced during the pandemic. Multivariable analysis confirmed age and male sex as significant risk factors. Conclusions: This study underscores the age-related increase in stroke hospitalisation rates, emphasising the need for targeted prevention strategies for elderly populations. The overall reduction in stroke hospitalisation rates reflects advancements made in healthcare, although the impact of COVID-19 on access to stroke care is evident. Future policies must address the pandemic’s effects on stroke care continuity and prioritise interventions tailored to age and sex.
Cure Efficiency and Biocompatibility of an Iron-Based Coordination Complex as a Photoinitiator for Dental 3D-Printed Resins
Authors: Singh Sharanya , Rocha Mateus Garcia , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho , Silvino Alexandre Carneiro , Oliveira Dayane
Published: January 2025

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cure efficiency and biocompatibility of a novel iron-based coordination complex used as a photoinitiator in comparison to conventional ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphinate (TPO-L) and camphorquinone (CQ) as photoinitiators in dental 3D-printed resins. Materials and Methods: Experimental dental resin formulations were prepared by blending 1:1 ratio of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, to which 0.2 wt% of either the iron-based coordination complex or CQ were added, along with 0.2 wt% EDAB and 0.4 wt% IOD, and the TPO-L. The degree of conversion (DC) was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Biocompatibility was assessed by evaluating the viability of L929 fibroblast-like cells using the MTT assay 24 h post-exposure. Statistical analyses included a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for post hoc comparisons, with significance at p < 0.05. Results: The degree of conversion for the iron-based coordination complex (84.54% ± 1.69%) was significantly higher than that for the TPO-L (78.77% ± 1.25%) and CQ-based resins (73.21% ± 0.47%) (p < 0.001). The iron-based coordination complex and TPO-L resins exhibited significantly higher conversion than CQ-based resins (p < 0.001). Regarding biocompatibility, the cell viability test revealed that the iron-based coordination complex demonstrated the highest cell viability at 86.5% ± 10.24%, followed by TPO-L with 80.03% ± 11.07%. CQ showed the lowest cell viability of 51.29% ± 8.44% (p < 0.05). Tukey’s test confirmed significant differences between CQ and other photointiators (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was found between TPO-L and the iron-based coordination complex. Conclusions: This study introduces a novel iron-based coordination complex photoinitiator that demonstrates enhanced cure efficiency and comparable biocompatibility to TPO-L, while significantly reducing the cytotoxicity associated with CQ. Its longer absorption wavelength supports deeper layer curing, making it a promising alternative for dental 3D printing, particularly in bioactive scaffold applications requiring minimized cytotoxicity.
Is It Time to Assess T Cell Clonality by Next-Generation Sequencing in Mature T Cell Lymphoid Neoplasms? A Scoping Review
Authors: Kansal Rina
Published: January 2025

Background: T cell clonality is commonly assessed in the diagnostic work-up of mature T cell lymphoid neoplasms. Although fragment-length polymerase chain reaction (FL-PCR) assays are most widely used, next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the TRG and TRB genes is increasingly being used to assess T cell clonality. Objective: The present work is a scoping review of studies that assessed T cell clonality by NGS for diagnostic purposes, including only studies that provided integrated clinicopathologic diagnoses in comparing FL-PCR and NGS assays to evaluate if it is preferable to use NGS-based assays for T cell clonality evaluation in diagnostic pathology. Methods: Papers published from 1992 to 3 August 2024 were searched in PubMed. Twenty-nine cohort studies and five instructive case reports, published from 2013–2024 from the USA, UK, Europe, and Australia that provided integrated clinicopathologic diagnoses and used NGS to evaluate T cell clonality in clinical specimens from patients with mature T cell neoplasms and related non-neoplastic and neoplastic diseases were included, with additional relevant studies. Results: Ten (34.4%) of the 29 cohorts included clinical samples from patients having various cutaneous and non-cutaneous T cell malignancies, related neoplasms, and reactive conditions; 2 (6.8%) studies focused on T cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 16 (55%) on cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and one on pediatric pityriasis lichenoides. Eleven (38%) of the 29 cohort studies compared NGS with FL-PCR assays in 908 clinical samples. Eight (72.7%) of the 11 studies compared TRG FL-PCR with TRG NGS (n = 5), TRB NGS (n = 2), and TRG NGS and TRB NGS (n = 1); the remaining three compared EuroClonality/BIOMED-2 FL-PCR (TRG and TRB) with TRG NGS (n = 1), TRB NGS (n = 1), and the EuroClonality-NGS DNA capture assay (n = 1). TRB NGS was used in 16 (55%) of 29, TRG NGS in 6 (20.6%) of 29, and both TRG and TRB NGS in 7 (24%) of 29. Two (6.8%) of the 29 studies compared TRB NGS with flow cytometric immunophenotyping assays for Vβ and T cell receptor β constant region 1. One additional study compared long-read sequencing with NGS for TRG and TRB rearrangements. Conclusions: NGS is highly specific and sensitive for assessing T cell clonality. NGS precisely tracks unique rearranged sequences, which FL-PCR cannot. NGS findings for clonality must be interpreted in the context of all clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic findings, like FL-PCR. With such interpretations, NGS is much preferable to FL-PCR for evaluating T cell clonality for diagnostic purposes. It is necessary to reduce costs, increase accessibility, and educate providers about NGS for clonality evaluation. TRB NGS has been primarily assessed in the peripheral blood and skin, whereas TRG NGS has also been evaluated in formalin-fixed and non-cutaneous fresh lymphoid tissues. TRG NGS performed better than TRB NGS in comparative studies.
TriangularSORT: A Deep Learning Approach for Ship Wake Detection and Tracking
Authors: Yu Chengcheng , Zhang Yanmei
Published: January 2025

Ship wake detection and tracking are of paramount importance for ensuring maritime safety, conducting effective ocean monitoring, and managing maritime affairs, among other critical applications. This paper introduces a novel approach for ship tracking and wake detection utilizing advanced computational techniques, particularly the TriangularSORT algorithm for monitoring vessels. This method enhances effective ship tracking by closely associating the vertices of the triangular wake with the coordinates of the ship. Furthermore, this paper integrates the triangular IoU and attention mechanism, introducing the Triangular Attention Mechanism. This mechanism guides the model’s focus to key areas of the image by defining triangular points on the feature map, thereby enhancing the model’s ability to recognize and analyze local features in visual tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance and accuracy of models in object detection and tracking tasks.
Reducing the Formation of Toxic Byproducts During the Photochemical Release of Epinephrine
Authors: Panfilov Mikhail A. , Starodubtseva Ezhena S. , Karogodina Tatyana Yu. , Vorob’ev Alexey Yu. , Moskalensky Alexander E.
Published: January 2025

Engineered light-sensitive molecules offer a sophisticated toolkit for the manipulation of biological systems with both spatial and temporal precision. Notably, artificial “caged” compounds can activate specific receptors solely in response to light exposure. However, the uncaging process can lead to the formation of potentially harmful byproducts. For example, the photochemical release of adrenaline (epinephrine) is accompanied by the formation of adrenochrome, which has neuro- and cardiotoxic effects. To investigate this effect in detail, we synthesized and compared two “caged” epinephrine analogs. The first was a classical compound featuring an ortho-nitrobenzyl protecting group attached to the amino group of epinephrine. The second analog retained the ortho-nitrobenzyl group but included an additional carbamate linker. The photolysis of both compounds was conducted under identical conditions, and the resulting products were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, chromatography, and NMR techniques. Surprisingly, while the classical compound led to the formation of adrenochrome, the carbamate-type caged epinephrine did not produce this byproduct, resulting in the clean release of the active substance. Subsequently, we assessed the novel compound in an in vitro platelet activation assay. The results demonstrated that the uncaging of epinephrine significantly enhances platelet activation, making it a valuable tool for advanced signaling studies.
Temporal–Spatial Dynamics and Collaborative Effects of Cropland Resilience in China
Authors: Luo Liang , Li Yetong , Ma Wenjie , Rong Jianbo , Wei Jie , Cui Yong , Qu Tingting
Published: January 2025

Cropland resilience is the ability of cropland systems to adapt and rebound from multiple stresses and disturbances. Cropland resilience is vital for ensuring national food security, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and adapting to global climate change. This study measures cropland resilience in China using the entropy method within the PSR framework. Additionally, it employs quantitative analysis methods, including kernel density estimation, the standard deviation ellipse, the Theil Index, and the geographical detector, to systematically examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of cropland resilience and its driving factors in China. The findings reveal the evolving trends of cropland resilience over time and space, highlighting regional differences and the spatial distribution of resilience. The study found the following: (1) The overall cropland resilience in China shows an upward trend, but there is uneven development among regions, particularly in the relatively lagging western areas. (2) There is a notable spatial imbalance in cropland resilience, primarily driven by intra-regional differences. (3) Stability of Grain Production; Total Grain Production; Fiscal Expenditure on Agriculture, Forestry, and Water; Soil–Water Harmony; and the Cropland Disaster Resistance Index are identified as key driving factors, with the influence of the Cropland Disaster Resistance Index notably increasing over time. (4) The study highlights the critical role of synergistic effects among these factors in enhancing cropland resilience, noting a significant strengthening of these synergies over time. The research results offer a fresh perspective on the role of cropland resilience in dynamic environments. They enhance our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of cropland resilience, reveal its underlying dynamic processes, and provide a scientific basis for policymaking aimed at promoting the sustainable use and management of cropland.
Rheological Behavior of Oil Well Cement Slurries with Addition of Core/Shell TiO2@SiO2 Nanoparticles—Effect of Superplasticizer and Temperature
Authors: Batista Giovanni dos Santos , Puertas Francisca , Takimi Antonio Shigueaki , da Costa Eleani Maria , Palacios Marta
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the rheological behavior of oil well cement pastes (OWCPs) modified with core/shell TiO2@SiO2 (nTS) nanoparticles and polycarboxylate-ether (PCE) superplasticizers at different temperatures (25, 45, and 60 °C). Results show that nTS particles increased static and dynamic yield stresses and the apparent viscosity of the cement slurries due to an increased solid volume fraction and reduced free water availability. The increase in the slurry dispersion by adding PCE superplasticizers enhanced the effect of the nanoparticles on the rheological parameters. Oscillation rheometry demonstrated that nTS nanoparticles enhanced the structural buildup, while PCE retarded hydration. Furthermore, slurries hydrated at 60 °C experienced higher initial values of the elastic modulus and a faster exponential increase in this rheological parameter due to the acceleration of the cement hydration.
Mechanical Characterization and Computational Analysis of TPU 60A: Integrating Experimental Testing and Simulation for Performance Optimization
Authors: Lang Luan , Antunes Rodrigo , Dutra Thiago Assis , Aguiar Martim Lima de , Pereira Nuno , Gaspar Pedro Dinis
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the mechanical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) 60A, which is a flexible material that can be used to produce soft robotic grippers using additive manufacturing. Tensile tests were conducted under ISO 37 and ISO 527 standards to assess the effects of different printing orientations (0°, 45°, −45°, 90°, and quasi-isotropic) and test speeds (2 mm/min, 20 mm/min, and 200 mm/min) on the material’s performance. While the printing orientations at 0° and quasi-isotropic provided similar performance, the quasi-isotropic orientation demonstrated the most balanced mechanical behavior, establishing it as the optimal choice for robust and predictable performance, particularly for computational simulations. TPU 60A’s flexibility further emphasizes its suitability for handling delicate objects in industrial and agricultural applications, where damage prevention is critical. Computational simulations using the finite element method were conducted. To verify the accuracy of the models, a comparison was made between the average stresses of the tensile test and the computational predictions. The relative errors of force and displacement are lower than 5%. So, the constitutive model can accurately represent the material’s mechanical behavior, making it suitable for computational simulations with this material. The analysis of strain rates provided valuable insights into optimizing production processes for enhanced mechanical strength. The study highlights the importance of tailored printing parameters to achieve mechanical uniformity, suggesting improvements such as biaxial testing and G-code optimization for variable thickness deposition. Overall, the research study offers comprehensive guidelines for future design and manufacturing techniques in soft robotics.
AI Advances in ICU with an Emphasis on Sepsis Prediction: An Overview
Authors: Stylianides Charithea , Nicolaou Andria , Sulaiman Waqar Aziz , Alexandropoulou Christina-Athanasia , Panagiotopoulos Ilias , Karathanasopoulou Konstantina , Dimitrakopoulos George , Kleanthous Styliani , Politi Eleni , Ntalaperas Dimitris , Papageorgiou Xanthi , Garcia Fransisco , Antoniou Zinonas , Ioannides Nikos , Palazis Lakis , Vavlitou Anna , Pattichis Marios S. , Pattichis Constantinos S. , Panayides Andreas S.
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly applied in a wide range of healthcare and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) areas to serve—among others—as a tool for disease detection and prediction, as well as for healthcare resources’ management. Since sepsis is a high mortality and rapidly developing organ dysfunction disease afflicting millions in ICUs and costing huge amounts to treat, the area can benefit from the use of AI tools for early and informed diagnosis and antibiotic administration. Additionally, resource allocation plays a crucial role when patient flow is increased, and resources are limited. At the same time, sensitive data use raises the need for ethical guidelines and reflective datasets. Additionally, explainable AI is applied to handle AI opaqueness. This study aims to present existing clinical approaches for infection assessment in terms of scoring systems and diagnostic biomarkers, along with their limitations, and an extensive overview of AI applications in healthcare and ICUs in terms of (a) sepsis detection/prediction and sepsis mortality prediction, (b) length of ICU/hospital stay prediction, and (c) ICU admission/hospitalization prediction after Emergency Department admission, each constituting an important factor towards either prompt interventions and improved patient wellbeing or efficient resource management. Challenges of AI applications in ICU are addressed, along with useful recommendations to mitigate them. Explainable AI applications in ICU are described, and their value in validating, and translating predictions in the clinical setting is highlighted. The most important findings and future directions including multimodal data use and Transformer-based models are discussed. The goal is to make research in AI advances in ICU and particularly sepsis prediction more accessible and provide useful directions on future work.
What Are the Public’s Concerns About ChatGPT? A Novel Self-Supervised Neural Topic Model Tells You
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Xing , Ren Peng , Chang Shuyu , Huang Zhengxin , Huang Haiping , Sun Guozi
Published: January 2025

The recently released ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence conversational agent, has garnered significant attention in academia and real life. A multitude of early ChatGPT users have eagerly explored its capabilities and shared their opinions on social media, providing valuable feedback. Both user queries and social media posts have been instrumental in expressing public concerns regarding this advanced dialogue system. To comprehensively understand these public concerns, a novel Self-Supervised Neural Topic Model (SSTM), which formulates topic modeling as a representation learning procedure, is proposed in this paper. The proposed SSTM utilizes Dirichlet prior matching and three regularization terms for improved modeling performance. Extensive experiments on three publicly available text corpora (Twitter Posts, Subreddit and queries from ChatGPT users) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in extracting higher-quality public concerns. Moreover, the SSTM performs competitively across all three datasets regarding topic diversity and coherence metrics. Based on the extracted topics, we could gain valuable insights into the public’s concerns regarding technologies like ChatGPT, enabling us to formulate effective strategies to address these issues.
Simultaneous Determination of Stilbenes, Flavones, Coumestans, Anthraquinones, and Chalcones in Ethanolic Extract of Pet-Sang-Kard Mixed Herbal Remedy Using HPLC-PDA Analysis
Authors: Samee Weerasak , Eiamart Wanna , Tadtong Sarin , Chittasupho Chuda
Published: January 2025

The Pet-Sang-Kard mixed herbal remedy (PSKMHR) is a traditional Thai medicinal formulation used as an herbal supplement for the treatment of hemorrhoids. This remedy consists of four specific herbal ingredients in the following proportions: 50 parts Cissus quadrangularis L. stems, 15 parts Eclipta prostrata L. aerial parts, 10 parts Rheum sp. rhizome, and 10 parts Boesenbergia rotunda (L.) Mansf. rhizome. This study presents the development, validation, and application of a high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) method designed for the simultaneous quantification of 13 key bioactive compounds, including rhaponticin, rhapontigenin, quercitrin, wedelolactone, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, alpinetin, pinocembrin, pinostrobin, and panduratin A, present in the 70% ethanolic extract of PSKMHR. Method validation was conducted in accordance with Association of Official Analytical Collaboration (AOAC) international guidelines, evaluating parameters such as the specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and limit of detection. The results demonstrated exceptional linearity (R > 0.9999), high precision (% RSD < 2), and recovery rates within acceptable limits (98–102%) for all analytes. This developed method was successfully applied to quantify the 13 target compounds in the crude extracts of PSKMHR formulated from 10 market raw material samples, providing a robust analytical framework for quality control of this herbal remedy.
Graphene-Based Materials for Bone Regeneration in Dentistry: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Applications and Material Comparisons
Authors: Narváez-Romero Azahara María , Rodríguez-Lozano Francisco Javier , Pecci-Lloret María Pilar
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Graphene, a two-dimensional arrangement of carbon atoms, has drawn significant interest in medical research due to its unique properties. In the context of bone regeneration, graphene has shown several promising applications. Its robust structure, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility make it an ideal candidate for enhancing bone tissue regeneration and repair processes. Studies have revealed that the presence of graphene can stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells, thereby promoting the formation of new bone tissue. Additionally, its ability to act as an effective carrier for growth factors and drugs allows controlled release, facilitating the engineering of specific tissues for bone regeneration. Aim: To assess the efficacy of graphene in enhancing bone regeneration through in vitro studies, identify key safety concerns, and propose directions for future research to optimize its clinical applicability. Materials and methods: The present systematic review was carried out using the PRISMA 2020 guideline. A first search was carried out on 20 November 2023 and was later updated on 14 February and 15 April 2024 in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Those in vitro studies published in English that evaluated the potential for bone regeneration with graphene in dentistry and also those which met the search terms were selected. Furthermore, the quality of the studies was assessed following the modified CONSORT checklist of in vitro studies on dental materials. Results: A total of 17 in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 12 showed increased osteoblast adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, along with notable enhancements in mineralized matrix formation. Additionally, they exhibited a significant upregulation of osteogenic markers such as RUNX and COL1 (p < 0.05). However, the variability in methodologies and a lack of long-term assessments were noted as critical gaps. Conclusions: The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of graphene in bone regeneration in dentistry revealed significant potential. However, it is recognized that clinical implementation should be approached with caution, considering identified areas of improvement and suggestions for future research. Future studies should focus on standardized experimental designs, including in vivo studies to evaluate long-term safety, immune responses, and vascularization processes in realistic biological environments.
Changes in Lifestyle Behaviors, Shopping Habits and Body Weight Among Adults in Cyprus and Greece During COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Andreou Eleni , Georgaki Evridiki , Vlahoyiannis Angelos , Philippou Christiana , Ntorzi Nicoletta , Christoforou Christoforos , Giannaki Christoforos D. , Aphamis George , Charidemou Evelina , Papaneophytou Christos , Papandreou Dimitrios
Published: January 2025

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, people were asked to stay at home. Places where people interacted such as schools, universities, and cafes were closed, and all gatherings were forbidden. Only stores offering fast-moving consumer goods were open, so citizens could purchase all food categories. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown on the eating and buying habits of consumers in Cyprus and Greece, and any changes in their lifestyles. Methods: An online survey including 1011 participants took place using an electronic questionnaire. Results: The results showed that lockdown significantly affected individuals by increasing weight gain (p < 0.01). The explanatory investigation of related lifestyle habits and nutrition traits showed that the dietary patterns behind these changes included increased meal frequency (p < 0.05)—even without an increased appetite—and subsequent increases in both purchases (p < 0.05) and consumption of several food groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, even though exercise per se was not discontinued due to COVID-19, it was apparent that exercise type was altered to adapt to the relevant restrictions (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In conclusion, the COVID-19 lockdown significantly affected Cypriots and Greeks in many aspects like their eating behavior, food purchasing habits, and lifestyle, all resulting in increased weight and potentially adverse health outcomes.
Influence of Aging and Immune Alterations on Susceptibility to Pneumococcal Pneumonia in the Elderly
Authors: Kang Nathan , Subramanian Veedamali S. , Agrawal Anshu
Published: January 2025

Pneumonia is a common respiratory infection affecting individuals of all ages, with a significantly higher incidence among the elderly. As the aging population grows, pneumonia is expected to become an increasingly critical health concern. In non-institutionalized elderly individuals, the annual incidence ranges from 25 to 44 per 1000, approximately four times higher than in those under 65. Streptococcus pneumoniae, a Gram-positive diplococcus, is the leading cause of pneumonia-related deaths in older adults. Management of S. pneumoniae infections in the elderly is challenging due to impaired antibody responses to polysaccharides and surface proteins, compounded by rising antibiotic resistance. The underlying mechanisms for increased susceptibility remain unclear, but age-related changes in the immune system, particularly in dendritic cells and T cells, are implicated. This review explores how aging-related immune alterations contribute to the heightened vulnerability of the elderly to S. pneumoniae infections.
Development of Bio-Based and Recyclable Epoxy Adhesives by Modification with Thermoplastic Polymers
Authors: Miranda Riccardo , Luciano Marco , Fiore Vincenzo , Valenza Antonino
Published: January 2025

This paper deals with the design of novel epoxy adhesives by incorporating thermoplastic polymers such as polyetherimide (PEI) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) into a bio-based and recyclable epoxy resin, known as Polar Bear. The adhesives were characterized by their mechanical (quasi-static and dynamic) and rheological properties, thermal stability, and adhesion properties in single-lap joints tested at three different temperatures (i.e., −55 °C, 23 °C, 80 °C). The experimental results indicated that low PEI content substantially improved the mechanical performance and toughness of the adhesive, while preserving good processability. Nonetheless, exceeding 3% weight percentage adversely affected the adhesives’ mechanical resistance and workability. Conversely, while PCL addition enhanced the adhesives’ viscosity, it also decreased mechanical performance. However, its eco-friendliness offers potential for sustainable adhesive applications. It is worth noting that regardless of temperature, the modified adhesives consistently outperformed the commercial epoxy adhesive (DP-460), used as reference, in single-lap shear joint tests. Additionally, both PEI- and PCL-modified epoxy adhesives have demonstrated recyclability through a simple acid-based process, enabling joint disassembly and recycling of the adhesive into a thermoplastic polymer. Overall, the modified adhesives represent a promising eco-friendly, high-performance alternative for structural applications, aligning with sustainable and circular practices.
A Solar-Heated Phase Change Composite Fiber with a Core–Shell Structure for the Recovery of Highly Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Lin Chenxin , Wang Yifan , Liu Cenyu , Meng Kaiyue , Chang Endong , Wu Xiaowen , Wang Jiancheng
Published: January 2025

Due to the high viscosity and low fluidity of viscous crude oil, how to effectively recover spilled crude oil is still a major global challenge. Although solar thermal absorbers have made significant progress in accelerating oil recovery, its practical application is largely restricted by the variability of solar radiation intensity, which is influenced by external environmental factors. To address this issue, this study created a new composite fiber that not only possesses solar energy conversion and storage capabilities but also facilitates crude oil removal. PF@PAN@PEG was obtained by coaxial electrospinning processing, with PEG within PAN fibers, and a coating layer was applied to the fiber surface to impart oleophilicity and hydrophobicity. PF@PAN@PEG exhibited a high latent heat value (77.12 J/g), high porosity, and excellent photothermal conversion and oil storage capabilities, significantly reducing the viscosity of crude oil. PF@PAN@PEG can adsorb approximately 11.65 g/g of crude oil under sunlight irradiation. Notably, due to the encapsulation of PEG, PF@PAN@PEG can continuously maintain the crude oil at a phase change temperature by releasing latent heat under specific conditions, effectively reducing its viscosity with no PEG leakage at all. When solar light intensity varied, the crude oil collection efficiency increased by 21.99% compared to when no phase change material was added. This research offers a potential approach for the effective use of clean energy and the collection of viscous crude oil spill pollution.