bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple biomarkers are more accurate than a combination of carbohydrate antigen 125 and human epididymis protein 4 for ovarian cancer screening
Authors: Kang Kyung Nam , Koh Eun Young , Jang Ji Young , Kim Chul Woo
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the diagnostic value of serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and/or human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) and a panel of novel multiple biomarkers in patients with ovarian tumors to identify more accurate and effective markers for screening ovarian cancer.MethodsCandidate ovarian cancer biomarkers were selected based on a literature search. Dozens of candidate biomarkers were examined using 143 serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer and 157 healthy serum samples as noncancer controls. To select the optimal marker panel for an ovarian cancer classification model, a set of biomarker panels was created with the number of possible combinations of eight biomarkers. Using the set of biomarkers as an input variable, the optimal biomarker panel was selected by examining the performance of the biomarker panel set using the Random Forest algorithm as a non-linear classification method and a 10-fold cross-validation technique.ResultsThe final selected optimal combination of five biomarkers (CA125, HE4, cancer antigen 15-3, apolipoprotein [Apo] A1, and ApoA2) exhibited a sensitivity of 93.71% and specificity of 93.63% for ovarian cancer detection during validation.ConclusionCombining multiple biomarkers is a valid strategy for ovarian cancer diagnosis and can be used as a minimally invasive screening method for early ovarian cancer. A panel of five optimal biomarkers, including CA125 and HE4, was verified in this study. These can potentially be used as clinical biomarkers for early detection of ovarian cancer.
Human papillomavirus genotype distribution in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion cytology, and its immediate risk for high-grade cervical lesion or cancer: a single-center, cross-sectional study
Authors: Jareemit Nida , Horthongkham Navin , Therasakvichya Suwanit , Viriyapak Boonlert , Inthasorn Perapong , Benjapibal Mongkol , Achariyapota Vuthinun , Ruengkhachorn Irene
Published: April 2022

ObjectiveTo investigate the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) cytology and the immediate risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+) lesions.MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional study enrolled women aged ≥21 years that were diagnosed with LSIL cytology at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) during 2017-2019. Anyplex II HPV testing was performed to detect 14 high-risk HPV cases prior to colposcopy-directed biopsy.ResultsIn total, 318 patients were included in the final analysis. Of those, 24 (7.5%), 241 (75.8%), 53 (16.7%) were aged 21- 25 years, 25-50 years, and ≥50 years, respectively. Eighty-two patients (25.8%) had abnormal screening results within the previous 5 years. High-risk HPV infection was found in 188 patients (59.1%) with 127 (39.9%) having single and 61 (19.2%) having multiple infections. The five most common HPV genotypes were HPV 66 (18.6%), HPV51 (9.7%), HPV58 (9.4%), HPV16 (9.1%), and HPV56 (8.2%). The immediate risk of CIN2+ was 6% in LSIL, regardless of the HPV status, 8% in high-risk HPV-positive LSIL, and 3.1% in high-risk HPV-negative LSIL. When using 6% as the threshold risk for colposcopy, performing reflex HPV testing in LSIL cytology can decrease the number of colposcopies by 40.9%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.5-0.7).ConclusionThe study findings support the idea that geographic variations affect the HPV genotype. Reflex HPV testing may decrease the number of colposcopies in cytology-based screening regions with a high prevalence of low-carcinogenic HPV.
Does herpes simplex virus have a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptians?
Authors:   Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, ElMelegy Tarek , Radwan Amany ,   Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Herdan Omar ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University., Rashed Hebatallah ,   Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University
Published: April 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by immune mediated tissue damage affecting a wide range of organs. The pathogenesis of SLE is complex. Infectious agents, including viruses, can act as environmental triggers, inducing or promoting onset and exacerbations of autoimmune disease in genetically predisposed individuals. Viral infections may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. To date, there is no published data about role of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in pathogenesis of SLE in Egyptian population. This study was designed to investigate a possible role of HSV in pathogenesis of SLE and its relation to disease activity. This study included 90 SLE female patients and 83 apparently healthy age-matched female subjects. SLE disease activity was assessed using SLEDAI-2K score. Qualitative assessment of anti-HSV antibodies (HSV1/2 IgM and IgG) was performed using ELISA kits. There was no statistically significant difference in frequency of HSV1/2 IgG positive test between SLE patients (97.6%) and control subjects (94.4%). There was a statistically significant increase in frequency of HSV1/2 IgM positive test in SLE patients compared to control subjects (P<0.001). There was no difference in the frequency of HSV1/2 IgM and HSV1/2 IgG positive test results between SLE patients with higher disease activity score (60% and 95.6%, respectively) and those with lower disease activity score (60% and 93.3%, respectively). High prevalence of HSV1/2 IgG antibodies was observed among Egyptians. The lack of significant difference in frequency of HSV1/2 IgG between SLE patients and control subjects may indicate that HSV is not involved in SLE pathogenesis. Also, HSV infection may have no role in SLE disease exacerbation due to the absence of significant difference in the frequency of HSV1/2 IgM and HSV1/2 IgG antibodies in SLE patients with higher disease activity compared to those with lower disease activity.
Impact of Psycho-Social Factors, E-health Literacy and Information Access on COVID-19 Vaccination Perceptions and Intentions: Online Survey
Authors: Chaniaud Noémie , Jeanpierre Pauline , Laguette Vanessa , Loup-Escande Emilie
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with an infodemic which impacts on vaccination perceptions and intentions. E-health literacy seems to be the key to searching health information on the web. Age and income level impact vaccine hesitancy and resistance. It is important to know more about the population who are hesitant to get vaccinated in order to develop appropriate and accessible information. We focused on four factors that impact vaccination perceptions and intentions: socio-demographic characteristics (age and education level), e-health literacy and sources of information about COVID-19. An anonymous online survey was completed by 368 participants, who reported their age, level of education, F-eHEALS (the level of e-health literacy), preferred sources of COVID-19 information, and their vaccination perceptions and intentions (vaccine score). The vaccine score is measured by a combination of two preview questionnaires adapted to COVID-19. We first assessed our questionnaire construct on intentions and perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination. We obtained a unidimensional scale that we correlated with other factors and related to clusters (k-means). The results then showed that age, education level, and sources of COVID-19 information (radio, internet and “no channel”) impact vaccination perceptions and intentions. E-health literacy appears to be a co-variant without direct link with vaccination perceptions and intentions but linked to age and sources of COVID-19 information. This study shows how age, education level, sources of COVID-19 information and e-health literacy can impact COVID-19 vaccination perceptions and intentions.
The concept of operationalization of an integrated platform for scientific research and expertise of war and bioterrorism biological agents
Authors:   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Ordeanu Viorel , Necșulescu Marius ,   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest, Popescu Diana M. ,   Military Medical Research  Center, Bucharest, Ionescu Lucia E. ,   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest, Bicheru Simona N. ,   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest, Dumitrescu Gabriela V. ,   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest, Corlan George ,   Military Medical Research Center, Bucharest
Published: April 2022

The international situation requires a strengthening of the national security measures, including in the field of CBRN and public health. The upgraded microbiology laboratories from DM/ MND must be operated at full capacity for the operationalization of an integrated Platform for the research and expertise of biological war and bioterrorism agents. This is necessary for reasons of national security, for CBRN defense and for public health, in the context of biological agents of 3 and 4 risk groups’ epidemics. The existing upgraded objectives should be operationalized in order to meet the established scope: scientific research and expertise of biological agents and biological weapons, a laboratory for in vitro analysis and a bio-base for in vivo analysis. The highly secure lab allows working with any high-risk agents: biological, genetic, chemical, radiological, etc., being provided with a special room for the insertion/removal of equipment and their decontamination. Following an increase in the capability requirements concerning laboratories, we have provided in the design concept new technical parameters of the platform and the integration of new compartments with related activities of toxicology, pathology, neuro-psycho-pharmacology, bio-pharmacy, micropharmaceutical, specific testing activities, etc. Creating the integrated platform and its operationalization is necessary in order to meet the requirement of the national security strategy as a collective CBRN defense/protection facility and military-medical scientific research for CBRN medical protection.
Efficacy and tolerability of calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands in psychiatric disorders
Authors:   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Vasiliu Octavian , Daniel Vasile ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest Carol Davila University of  Medicine and Pharmacy,  Bucharest, Mangalagiu Andrei G. ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Petrescu Bogdan M. ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Tudor Corina ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Ungureanu D. ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest, Cândea C. ,   Carol Davila University Emergency Central Military Hospital, Bucharest
Published: April 2022

Matching drugs with anxiolytic properties- but without the potential of inducing dependence or abuse- with clinical manifestations of various affective disorders is a very important challenge for psychiatrists. Although the first line of pharmacologic treatment for anxiety disorders remains antidepressants with serotoninergic properties, calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands are adjuvant agents which could be useful for augmenting antidepressant agents’ clinical effects. Unfortunately, calcium channel alpha-2-delta ligands efficacy and tolerability are not very well known, due to a lack of large scale, randomized, placebo-controlled trials focused on psychiatric disorders. Data regarding pregabalin and gabapentin pharmacology and clinical effects are reviewed and conclusions with pragmatically impact based on the discovered evidence are formulated accordingly.
Medicine versus philosophy
Authors:   Titu Maiorescu University, Bucharest, Radu Mirela
Published: April 2022

The ancient Greek medicine was based on the principle that philosophy influences all natural sciences as a whole. The doctor had, first of all, a humanistic formation followed by study of applied sciences specific to medicine. If humanism is purely theoretical, medicine is an applied science and the two-philosophy and medical knowledge, despite the apparent antinomy are able to create a union to the benefit of humanity. Medicine is the art of treating patients, identifying diseases and malady prevention. In its endeavor, medicine is based on the findings of numerous other fields such as physics, chemistry, anatomy, physiology, etc. Philosophy, on the other hand, can be defined as an attempt to understand human life as a whole. It is inevitable that the two ways of dealing with human beings to have influenced each other and the history of mankind. Both forms of knowledge have a major impact and influence on the world. Philosophy, understood in its older meaning, urged towards the prophylaxis and treatment of diseases of the soul whereas medicine, relying on philosophical teachings is aimed at healing the body and study its psychosomatic features.
Autologous versus synthesis materials used in the surgical closure of CSF leak
Authors:   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Hainăroșie R. ,   “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania, Ioniță Irina ,   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania,   “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania, Pietroșanu Cătălina ,   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania   2. “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania",   “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania, Pițuru S. ,   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Hainăroșie Mura ,   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania   2. “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania,   “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania, Zainea V. ,   The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania   2. “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania,   “Prof. Dr. Dorin Hociotă” Institute of Phonoaudiology and Functional ENT surgery, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2022

The evolution of the endoscopic skull base surgery in the last ten years had led to the development of new surgical reconstructive techniques. In the endoscopic reconstructive surgery of the CSF leaks both synthesis and natural materials. The advancement of the endoscopic reconstructive surgery was closely linked with the production of new synthesis materials. The aim of the paper is to compare the efficacy of synthesis versus natural materials in the closure of CSF leaks and to point out certain rules of when and where to use a synthesis or natural material.
Media, medical intelligence and hybrid war
Authors:   Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Ciobanu Oana M.
Published: April 2022

Contemporary hybrid war is a novelty in that it is taken to populated conflict zones, with the participation of the population, under the eyes of the international community. Thus, according to many authors, the most serious threats to the United States, including to its NATO dimension and to its partnership with Europe, would come from extremist groups and their ideology, fueled by poor urban areas of the world, where youth faces great economic and social problems, and is militating for a change. These unconventional actors can operate beyond state control by circumventing international borders, norms and agreements. Some of these belong to global terrorist networks, and others cooperate with criminal elements to destabilize certain areas. The hybrid confrontation with these groups will become "a clash beyond the physical elements of the conflict, in which media manipulation, the use of the internet and the integration of information operations with strategic communication programs are as important as weapon systems on the battlefield." Crises generated in the context of a hybrid war are events characterized by low probability and important consequences that threaten an organization for its most profound purposes. Because of their low probability, these events defy any interpretation and require a sustained effort to understand and adapt the reactions. Crises affecting social groups differ in their causes and duration. Obviously, because of the multitude of types of crises, human reason can only play a limited role in their development. However, they trigger human action, which can turn small deviations into major crises. Crisis and conflict management involves very complex systems of political, diplomatic, social, economic, cultural, international, military and other actions. Such a system could be structured on political, diplomatic, social, economic, informational, military, psychological and cultural components and could include the following types of action: on the causes; on effects; on the phenomenon; on value systems; on crisis-generating strongpoints (critical areas); on vulnerable sites; on the leaders.
The role of calcium hydroxide in the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes – a case report
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Fărcaș-Berechet Cristina M. , Berechet-Enciu Elena M. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Crăițoiu Monica M. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Diaconu Oana A. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Rîcă Ana M. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Rîcă Radu ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Popescu Dora ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Gheorghiță Lelia M. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania, Țuculina Mihaela J. ,   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Craiova, Romania
Published: April 2022

From an anatomical perspective, the dental pulp is a connective tissue with a specific microcirculatory system with repairing abilities in order to preserve the vitality of the pulp15. Different therapeutic methods in treating the affected dental pulp can be compromised by different factors and can lead us to failure. Due to disorders emerged in the microcirculatory system, the treatment of the affected dental pulpin patients with type 2 diabetes is an additional challenge. Type 2 diabetes can impact different functions of the patients’ immune system, with a predisposion to chronic inflammation, progressive tissue degradation and reduced tissue repairing15. Regarding the endodontic therapy of the affected dental pulp in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), an important role in the treatment of pulpal complications is played by the calcium hydroxide which is considered „the golden standard” because of its excellent properties, the very alkaline pH being one of the most important.
Why palaeontologists must break the law: a polemic from an apologist.
Authors: Martill David M.
Published: April 2022

This essay, opinion piece - rant, even - is my personal protest about ill-conceived legislation enacted by national governments to 'protect' fossils (e.g. Germany, Brazil, Australia, Canada and China to name but a few ). Legislation that renders fossil collecting illegal is not actually about protecting fossils because it rarely achieves this aim. What it does do is curtail people's freedom to collect and own fossils� surely a thoroughly harmless pastime. Such legislation also stifles the assembly of aesthetically appealing, and potentially scientifically important collections that, over time, become part of the fabric of our scientific and cultural heritage (e.g. the fabulous Etches collection on the UK's Jurassic Coast World Heritage Site (Williams 2017)), and it surely stifles scientific endeavour: the fewer fossils that come out of the ground, the fewer there are for palaeontologists to work on, or the public to admire (in museums or in their own collections). Fossils are not part of any nation's heritage, palaeontological or cultural while they remain undiscovered in the ground. As a jobbing palaeontologist I want fossil collecting to be a pastime enjoyed by all, and it will only do so if everyone is permitted to collect, not just a privileged few.
Collecting dinosaurs on eroding coast - case studies from the Isle of Wight
Authors: Munt Martin C.
Published: April 2022

The Isle of Wight is world famous for its Lower Cretaceous dinosaurs, collecting and keeping these dinosaurs on the Island comes with challenges. This short paper presents four case studies where the museum has worked with landowners, collectors and agencies to bring extraordinary finds into local public ownership, and therefore available for scientific study. Each of the selected case studies highlights the importance of due diligence and the sensitivities of working together for the public benefit. It emphasises the importance of funding acquisitions and a positive viewpoint by museum professionals towards the public, and towards commercial palaeontology.
Ivory Towers of Entitlement?: The Commercialisation of Academic Palaeontologists
Authors: Liston Jeff J.
Published: April 2022

Palaeontology suffers from divisions amongst its community, along an ostensibly motivational division between academic and commercial palaeontologists, the former not being motivated financially, unlike the latter. These divisions are particularly polarised in the United States of America. In order to discuss why this attitude exists, even when the financial division is no longer so clear, two factors are addressed: 1, latent entitlement attitudes inherent in the academic culture; 2, the commercialisation of academic palaeontology through the incentivisation of publishing, using the Chinese experience of scientific publishing as a microcosm for palaeontology globally. These factors are then dealt with as underpinning patterns of unethical - and sometimes even illegal - behaviour by academic palaeontologists.
Apelin‑13 ameliorates LPS‑induced BV‑2 microglia inflammatory response through promoting autophagy and inhibiting H3K9ac enrichment of TNF‑α and IL‑6 promoter
Authors: Peng Qing‑Ming , Zhou Jia‑Hui , Xu Zhe‑Wei , Zhao Qian‑Cheng , Li Zhi‑Yue , Zhao Qun
Published: April 2022

Microglia is activated and polarized to pro‑inflammatory M1 phenotype or anti‑inflammatory M2 phenotype in neuroinflammation. Apelin‑13 exerts protective properties against neuroinflammation in several neurological disorders. We aimed to investigate whether apelin‑13 played a protective role on BV‑2 microglia and explore its underlying mechanisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑stimulated BV‑2 microglia cells were treated with apelin‑13. Microglia activation was evaluated by immunofluorescence with F‑actin. Western blot was performed to measure the expression of autophagy associated proteins. CD16/32 and CD206 were detected to assess microglia polarization by western blot and flow cytometry. qRT‑PCR was utilized to measure inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), arginase‑1 (Arg‑1), interleukin‑10 (IL‑10), interleukin‑6 (IL‑6) and tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α). Histone H3 acetyl lysine 9 (H3K9ac) enrichment of TNF‑α and IL‑6 promoter was detected by ChIP. We discovered that apelin‑13 impacted the actin cytoskeleton, recovering the control phenotype following LPS exposure. Apelin‑13 improved autophagy‑mediated microglia polarization towards M2 phenotype to alleviate inflammatory response in LPS‑stimulated cells. Autophagy flux inhibitor chloroquine antagonized these effects of apelin‑13 on LPS‑stimulated cells. Besides, apelin‑13 decreased the enrichment of H3K9ac at the promoter region of TNF‑α and IL‑6 to inhibit inflammatory response, which was reversed by histone deacetylase antagonist valproate. Taken together, apelin‑13 alleviated
inflammation via facilitating microglia M2 polarization due to autophagy promotion, and inhibiting H3K9ac enrichment on promoter regions of TNF‑α and IL‑6.
The effect of Madopar on absence‑like seizures in WAG/Rij rats
Authors: Al‑Kaleel Ali , Erbaş Oytun , Aygün Hatice
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Madopar on the absence seizures and the anxiety‑like behavior (assessed using the open field test) in Wistar Albino Glaxo/Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rats. Twenty‑eight male WAG/Rij rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I: control; group II: Madopar 5 mg/kg; group III: Madopar 50 mg/kg; group IV: Madopar 100 mg/kg. A tripolar electrode was attached to all WAG/Rij rats. Electrocorticography (ECoG) recordings were made before and after Madopar (5, 50, and 100 mg/kg) injection for three hours. Anxiety‑related behavior was studied using the open field test for 5 min after the ECoG recordings. Madopar significantly reduced the number and duration of spike‑wave discharges (SWDs) when compared to the control group. The highest dose of Madopar (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced the duration of SWDs when compared to Madopar (5 mg/kg). All Madopar doses did not alter the duration of grooming, but the highest doses of Madopar significantly increased the number of squares crossed in the open field test when compared to the control and Madopar (5 mg/kg) groups. These results revealed that Madopar reduced the absence‑like seizures and the anxiety‑related behavior in WAG/Rij rats. This may emphasize the therapeutic properties of the Madopar/L‑dopa in absence epilepsy.
Gereja Dalam Pusaran Konsumerisme Dan Kealpaan Dalam Pekabaran Injil
Authors: Rondonuwu Fery , Setiawan Tjutjun , Simanjuntak Ferry
Published: April 2022

Perubahan zaman yang begitu cepat telah membawa budaya baru dalam masyarakat yaitu budaya konsumerisme. Suatu budaya yang menjadikan masyarakat berperilaku konsumtif yang tidak berdasar kepada kegunaan tetapi kepada gaya hidup. Pasar yang cenderung ekstrim dalam mempromosikan produknya, menjadi masalah bagi masyarakat, termasuk orang percaya yang merupakan bagian dari gereja bisa terjerat dalam pusaran konsumerisme. apakah konsumerisme telah masuk dalam gereja sehingga gereja lalai terhadap penginjilan, misi, penanaman gereja baru. Dalam studi ini penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka, melalui buku-buku referensi dan jurnal-jurnal, serta ayat-ayat Alkitab yang berkaitan dengan rumusan masalah, kemudian mencari kesamaan yang memungkinkan bisa menjawab masalah penelitian ini. Dari penelitian ini didapati bahwa konsumerisme telah masuk dalam gereja, untuk itu gereja diingatkan agar waspada, kritis, bersikap tegas terhadap konsumerisme dan melakukan evaluasi yang objektif, sehingga gereja kembali menjalankan Amanat Agung tanpa terjebak budaya konsumerisme.  AbstractThe changing times are so fast that it has produced a new culture in society, which is the culture of consumerism. A culture that makes people behave consumptively not based on utility but lifestyle. Market conditions that tends to be extreme in promoting their products are a problem for the community, also for believers, who are part of the church, who can get caught in the vortex of consumerism. It not only affects individuals, but also the church. The church spent most of their budget on providing luxurious and sophisticated infrastructure so that there is no budget left for evangelism, missions, and new church planting. This is a kind of another form of consumerism in the church.  In this paper, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach, through reference books and journals, as well as Bible verses related to the formulation of the problem, then finds for similarities that allow the author to answer this research problem. The conclusion of this study is that consumerism has entered the church, for that the church is reminded to be vigilant, critical, be firm towards consumerism and conduct an objective evaluation, so that the church returns to carrying out the Great Commission without being trapped in a consumerist culture. One of the best ways to get the church free from the trap of consumerism is to reimagine the purpose of the church's existence, which is to carry out the Great Commission and adjust the budget according to this top priority.
Assessment of Seedling Rate per Hill for Irrigated Rice in a Wet Sub-Tropical Condition of Bhutan
Authors: Ngawang  , Dendup Chezang , Tshomo Sonam
Published: April 2022

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Agriculture Research and Development Centre (ARDC) Samtenling in Sarpang district of Bhutan in 2020 to assess the effects of transplanting different numbers of seedlings per hill on grain yield and yield components of rice under irrigated conditions. A widely adopted rice variety, Bhur Kambja-1, was used for the study with one to seven seedlings per hill transplanted at 20×20 cm spacing. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results of the experiment revealed that the number of seedlings per hill had a significant effect on number of tillers per hill and grain yield. In terms of rice grain yield, a significant difference was observed only between three and seven seedlings per hill with a recorded yield of 3.9 and 2.7 t ha-1, respectively. However, no significant effect was established on other yield components, such as the plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, and unfilled grains per panicle. Therefore, this study recommends transplanting three seedlings hill-1 for cultivation of Bhur Kambja-1 rice variety in the wet-subtropical condition of Bhutan as three seedlings per hill yielded significantly higher productivity and could potentially reduce the seed rate.
Menuju Pelayanan Pastoral Yang Relevan dan Kontekstual - Besly J. T. Messakh
Authors: Administrator Journal
Published: April 2022

Abstrak: Dari waktu ke waktu gereja terus mencari, membaharui, dan melengkapi model pelayanan pastoral yang dipakai dalam rangka memberikan respons terhadap berbagai masalah kemanusiaan yang mesti ditangani secara pastoral.Upaya ini mencerminkan keseriusan gereja menemukan model pelayanan pastoral yang relevan dan kontekstual bagi kepentingan pelayanan pastoral itu sendiri. Karena itu, dalam paper ini model-model pelayanan pastoral yang telah dan sedang dikembangkan gereja akan didalami dalam rangka menemukan relevansinya bagi praktik pelayanan pastoral gereja-gereja di Indonesia.Diharapkan dengan upaya ini dapat dijelaskan hal-hal yang mesti diperhatikan oleh gereja-gereja di Indonesia dalam pengembangan pelayanan pastoral yang relevan dan kontekstual sehingga gereja mampu merespon berbagai masalah kemanusiaan secara bertanggungjawab.

 

Kata kunci: gereja, Indonesia, kontekstual, konseling, pastor, pelayanan pastoral, penggembalaan, pendampingan pastoral, relevan.
Tata Ruang Dalam Gereja yang Secara Liturgis Menarasikan Karya Allah
Authors: Rachman Rasid
Published: April 2022

Abstract

The explanation of the church building as a liturgical space in this article will focus on two things.  First, the area that separates the sacred from the secular world. The separated place points towards the meaning of the church that reveals God's presence in the world. The church is not just alive but also gives meaning to the whole life of the entire creation. Second, the celebration room that narrates God's works in history. As a liturgical area, the church building uses several metaphors to tell about God's works, for example, the gate of heaven, the pregnant mother, and the sailing ship.  This article argues that the interior of the liturgical space narrates the church's view on God and God's creation. Further, this article emphasizes for the importance of the liturgical space as a reflection of the church theology by using the ritual, theological, and anthropological views of the church's interior space.

Keywords:  arena, house of God, ladder, liturgical space, narrative, water, witness

 

Abstrak

Paparan tentang  bangunan  gereja sebagai area liturgi berikut ini akan berfokus pada  dua  hal.  Pertama, area yang  memisahkan  dunia sakral  dan dunia keseharian. Area terpisah  mengungkapkan  keberadaan  gereja yang menyatakan  kehadiran Allah  di dunia.  Gereja  bukan  hanya  hidup di dunia,  tetapi  juga  memberikan makna  bagi  seluruh kehidupan segala  makhluk.  Kedua, ruang selebrasi yang menarasikan  karya  Allah  sepanjang  sejarah. Sebagai area liturgi, bangunan  gereja menggunakan  metafora  untuk  menarasikan  karya Allah,  misalnya: pintu  gerbang sorga,  Sang  Bunda  mengandung,  dan biduk  berlayar. Argumentasi artikel ini adalah interior ruang ibadah merefleksikan teologi gereja dengan menggunakan pendekatan ritual, teologi, dan antropologi, artikel ini memperlihatkan penting ruang liturgi sebagai refleksi dari teologi gereja.

Kata-kata Kunci:  arena, rumah Allah, tangga, tata ruang, narasi, air, saksi
A Study on Ideals of Kabir Das and His Contribution in Human Unity
Authors: Dhakde Vinod
Published: April 2022

Famous as a pioneer of the liberal social system, Saint Kabir Das was one of the major indices of the medieval Bhakti movement. Although permanent evidence is not available, according to most beliefs, the poet Kabir Das was born in Kashi (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh) in the mid-15th century. The details of Kabir's life is still unknown till date. As far as recorded, there are  stories of Kabir's birth mystery has a similar trail found in Biblical texts. Among his most famous writings are his Doha or couplets and poems that sometimes refer the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib. Kabir was deeply focused on his spiritual knowledge. In Davistan in Mosinfani and Aineakbari in Abu'l-Fazur, he is called "Muwahid" or "Believer of God." He criticized both Hinduism and Islam,  the former as per him being misinterpretation of the Vedas. He frequently questioned meaningless rituals such as sacred threads and circumcision. Kabir is a brave pioneer, a great pioneer in the unification of the  Hindu and Muslim communities of India, an apostle of human faith, and taught that God has been revealed to all of humanity. Although his life is a mystery and lesser known, his contribution as a social and religious reformer has become a promoter of social progress and laid a solid foundation for modern society. However, the implementation of Kabir's philosophy is still incomplete and uninterpreted. With the inspiration of this gap, the current review of Kabir Das's ideals and contributions to human unity takes into account the legendary saint's theory and view of human unity as an important element of a stable and constructive society.
Bundestagswahl 2021 – Aufbruch mit begrenztem Risiko
Authors: Hilmer Richard , Müller-Hilmer Rita
Published: April 2022

The German federal election 2021 took place under exceptional conditions, and unusual were its course and outcome, too . The election year was marked more than ever by crises, making expected management of future crises a relevant topic . Voting was complicated by the fact that the incumbent chancellor, Angela Merkel, did not run for re-election and that three candidates aspired to the chancellor’s office - both situations a novelty in Germany’s federal elections . Correspondingly high was the volatility: for a long time the CDU/CSU were clearly heading the polls, then in spring the Greens took over the lead, and in the end, quite unexpectedly, the SPD won the election . The decisive factor for the outcome was the search for a leading person or party who was most likely to be trusted to cope with the great challenges . The electorate took a decisive leap of faith in Olaf Scholz, who was experi- enced in dealing with the financial and pandemic crises . During the election campaign, Scholz consistently gained support, reinforced by serious communication failures of his opponents, Annalena Baerbock and Armin Laschet . Citizens were most likely to trust Scholz and his SPD to render the upcoming transformations in Germany socially acceptable - a motive that was more important for the voters than coping with the climate crisis and the Corona pandemic . The election result was closer than any other federal election, with the Greens and the FDP playing a key role in forming the government . In the end it was the decision of the FDP against the lackluster conservative party and in favor of a “traffic light” coalition with the SPD and the Greens - another novelty for a federal government .
Die Bundestagswahl 2021 im Spiegel der repräsentativen Wahlstatistik
Authors: Jesse Eckhard
Published: April 2022

Germany’s representative election statistics, which accompany the Bundestag elections since 1953 (except 1994 and 1998), are unique in the electoral world . They show the effective voter turnout in ten age classes as well as gender- and age-based voting behavior . They also provide information on vote-splitting, voting in presence or by mail-in-ballot and on inva- lid votes . The Union’s loss of 11 .9 percentage points among men and 5 .9 percentage points among women constitutes the largest gender-specific difference in 2021 . With regard to voting behavior in different age groups, the Union and the SPD turned out to be “old par- ties” . Whereas both underperformed among younger voters, the “young parties” - Greens and FDP - were able to gain in this group . The electoral behavior of Die Linke’s voters are somewhat conflicted: Its results among senior voters were best in the East, but worst in the West . The AfD was the party with the largest electoral gender gap: it received votes from 13 .0 percent of male and 7 .8 percent of female electors . Although neither age nor gender determines electoral behavior, Germany’s representative election statistics have been indis- pensable for electoral research over time .
Kleinerer Bundestag durch vereinte Unionsparteien? Eine minimalinvasive und partei- enproporzneutrale Option für die aktuelle Wahlrechtsdiskussion
Authors: Hellmann Daniel , Schindler Danny
Published: April 2022

The German electoral law is a permanent object of criticism . This is mainly due to the Bun- destag’s size, which grew to a record of 736 MPs in 2021 . Key reasons for this growth are surplus and compensation seats which are hard to explain to the broader public . The reform of 2013 according to which surplus seats are offset between the state lists of one party, is only partly effective to stop the growth of Parliament, since the long-term partners CDU and the CSU run for the Bundestag as separate parties . Against this background, a twofold proposal for reform is needed . First, the electoral law would enable joint lists of parties that do not compete against each other . Second, an amendment of the Bundestag’s standing orders can establish that only parties with joint lists can form a parliamentary party group . The incentives provided by this combined reform could be effective because both Chris- tian-democratic parties benefit from a joint parliamentary group . This proposal could be one component for the upcoming electoral reform since it does not change the proportion of seats and, thus, could also be supported by the CDU as well as the CSU .
Noise Analysis in Nanostructured Tunnel Field Devices
Authors: Chander Sweta , Kumar Sinha Sanjeet
Published: April 2022

Tunnel Field Effect Transistors (TFETs) have appeared as an alternative candidate of “beyond CMOS” due to their advantages like very low leakage current and steep sub-threshold slope i.e. <60 mV/dec., etc. From past decades, researchers explored TFETs in terms of high ON current and steep subthreshold slope at low supply voltage i.e. < VDD = 0.5 V. The reliability issues of the device have profound impact on the circuit level design for practical perspectives. Noise is one of the important parameters in terms of reliability and very few research papers addressed this problem in comparison to other parameter study. Therefore, in this chapter, we discussed the impact of noise on Tunnel FET devices and circuits. The detail discussion has been done for the random telegraph noise, thermal noise, flicker noise, and shot noise for Si/Ge TFET and III-V TFETs. Recent research work for both low frequencies as well high frequency noise for different TFET device design has been discussed in details.
Nutritional Values of Vegetables
Authors: Ebabhi Abosede , Adebayo Raimot
Published: April 2022

The incidence of chronic and incurable diseases ravaging humanity today has awakened a resolve for healthy eating and natural living. Mankind generally cultivates diverse foodstuff for survival, multiplication, replenishment, and commercial purposes. Vegetables are a variety of food that provide nourishment of essential vitamins and minerals to the body. The various categories of vegetables cut across leafy, bulb, flower, seed, root, fruit to stem. The variety of colors from different array of vegetables are evidence of the numerous phytochemicals present in vegetables. These phytochemicals have been recorded to help the body fight against diseases and reduce the incidence of occurrence. Metabolic activities of the human body are enhanced when vegetables are consumed in large quantities. Vegetables can be eaten either raw or cooked and play an important role in human nutrition. They are mostly low in fat and carbohydrates, but high in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. Due to the short shelf-life of many vegetables, it is pertinent to handle them in a most hygienic way to prevent the loss of essential nutrients especially the easily volatile group like essential oil, vitamin B, and vitamin C. Handling process of vegetables include canning, freezing, dehydrating and blanching.
Functional Nanofibers for Sensors
Authors: Petrík Stanislav , Ibrahim Mayza
Published: April 2022

Electrospun nanomaterials and their applications have increasingly gained interest over the last decade. Nanofibers are known for their exceptional surface area and wide opportunities for their functionalization. These properties have been attractive for various sensing applications; however, mostly electric sensing principles have been reported. An overview of most frequently studied concepts will be presented. A novel approach based on optical detection will be described. Various functionalized nanofiber materials have been used to demonstrate feasibility of realization of miniature sensors of biomedical and chemical values (enzymes reactions, metal ions content, concentration, etc.). Compactness and sensitivity of the sensors are significantly enhanced through original hybrid fiber-optic/nanofiber design. The potential of the new detection principle for various applications (bio-medical, chemical, forensic, automotive, etc.) will be discussed.
Digestive Disorders in Chagas Disease: Megaesophagus and Chagasic Megacolon
Authors: Hugo García Orozco Víctor , Enrique Villalvazo Navarro Juan , Solar Aguirre Carlos , Manuel Ibarra Ocampo Carlos , Iván Díaz Sandoval César , Alejandro Ortíz Gallegos Carlos , Javier Oregel Camacho Diego , Noriega Bucio Araceli
Published: April 2022

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by hematophagous vectors, is a parasitic disease, which according to the WHO ranks fourth as a cause of loss of potential years of life due to complications that can occur in multiple body systems. According to the reports presented by the World Health Organization, there are between 16 and 18 million infected people in the world, predominantly in endemic areas of Latin America, of which only 1% receives an adequate diagnosis and full treatment, thereby that the chronic phase comes to present digestive disorders that are one of the main causes of loss in the quality of life of patients, as well as complications that can lead to life-threatening surgical emergencies.
Methodological Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines for Pharmacological Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Adult Medical and Surgical Patients and Summary of the Main Categories of Recommendations Included in High-Quality CPGs: A Sys
Authors: Paula Callejo de Souza Ana , Cordeiro Gabriel Franciele , Caroline Henrique Fontes-Mota Géssica , de Siqueira Siva Mariana , Ribeiro Eliane
Published: April 2022

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex multifactorial disease with an average annual incidence of approximately 1 per 1000 in the adult population. Recommendations about pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in adult hospitalized surgical and medical patients are available in clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to optimize healthcare delivery and improve patient outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the methodological quality of CPGs for pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in adult hospitalized medical and surgical patients and to summarize the main categories to contextualize the recommendations included in high-quality CPGs. Methodology: The study used the ADAPTE to contextualize in categories the main recommendations of the high-quality CPGs assessed by the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II). Results: Fourteen CPGs were screened for assessment of quality methodology by AGREE II instrument. Seven of fourteen CPGs were selected as high-quality (>60%) across domains 3 and 6 to contextualize the recommendations in categories. Conclusion: Seven CPGs evaluated by AGREE had scores above 60% in domains 3 and 6. The scope addressed by the high-quality CPGs included important aspects of pharmacological prophylaxis of VTE in hospitalized patients.
Advances in Graphene Platforms for Drug Delivery in Cancer and Its Biocompatibility
Authors: Pablo González-Castillo Juan , Alfredo Zamora-Morán Esdras , Rodriguez-Fragoso Lourdes
Published: April 2022

In the past decade, studies on the biomedical applications of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have increased substantially, especially those related to cancer therapy. Experimental evidence has shown that GQD platforms do not merely serve for drug delivery but have multifunctional properties: their surface also allows several types of molecules to be joined and has photothermal properties that, when combined, make therapies more effective. Most studies have shown evidence of this specificity and therapeutic efficacy at the in vitro level. There is also evidence for potential use in the monitoring of cellular events given the high-quality bioimages that can be obtained with this type of nanomaterial. However, the application of this nanotechnology has stalled due to the lack of available biosafety and biocompatibility studies. This chapter addresses the advances in the use of GQD platforms for drug delivery and the biocompatibility studies reported so far.