bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Financial monitoring in the internal control system in companies
Authors: Дмитриева  , Dmitrieva I.
Published: November 2015

The article covers the issues of organization of financial monitoring as an instrument of realisation of the internal control system in companies, as well as main directions of internal control of production and sales processes, privity of contract observance with counteragents.
Special care dentistry and the role of the dental nurse
Authors: Kewley Vicky
Published: November 2015

This article will give the reader insight into special care dentistry and the role of the dental nurse within it
Impression-making techniques to help the gagging patient
Authors: Addy Liam D , King Elizabeth M
Published: November 2015

This article focuses on patient- and dental nurse-based techniques that will help to manage a hypersensitve gag reflex in patients
What to expect from an induction programme
Authors: Talati Shilla
Published: November 2015

An effective period of induction training helps ensure that new members of staff quickly become confident and competent in their new role. This article helps nurses to understand what they may have to participate in, as part of their induction programme at a new practice
Odontogenic pain
Authors: McKernon Sarah
Published: November 2015

Thayer T (2015) Odontogenic pain. Dental Update 42(7): 622–630
Successful return to high-level sports following early surgical repair of combined adductor complex and rectus abdominis avulsion
Authors: Tansey R. J. , Benjamin-Laing H. , Jassim S. , Liekens K. , Shankar A. , Haddad F. S.
Published: November 2015

Hip and groin injuries are common in athletes who take part in high level sports. Adductor muscle tendon injuries represent a small but important number of these injuries. Avulsion of the tendons attached to the symphysis pubis has previously been described: these can be managed both operatively and non-operatively. We describe an uncommon variant of this injury, namely complete avulsion of the adductor sleeve complex: this includes adductor longus, pectineus and rectus abdominis. We go on to describe a surgical technique which promotes a full return to the pre-injury level of sporting activity.

Over a period of ten years, 15 high-level athletes with an MRI-confirmed acute adductor complex avulsion injury (six to 34 days old) underwent surgical repair. The operative procedure consisted of anatomical re-attachment of the avulsed tissues in each case and mesh reinforcement of the posterior inguinal wall in seven patients. All underwent a standardised rehabilitation programme, which was then individualised to be sport-specific.

One patient developed a superficial wound infection, which was successfully treated with antibiotics. Of the 15 patients, four complained of transient local numbness which resolved in all cases. All patients (including seven elite athletes) returned to their previous level of participation in sport.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1488–92.
Failure to restore sagittal tibiotalar alignment in total ankle arthroplasty
Authors: Cho J. , Yi Y. , Ahn T. K. , Choi H. J. , Park C. H. , Chun D. I. , Lee J. S. , Lee W. C.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in sagittal tibiotalar alignment after total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for osteoarthritis and to investigate factors affecting the restoration of alignment.

This retrospective study included 119 patients (120 ankles) who underwent three component TAA using the Hintegra prosthesis. A total of 63 ankles had anterior displacement of the talus before surgery (group A), 49 had alignment in the normal range (group B), and eight had posterior displacement of the talus (group C). Ankles in group A were further sub-divided into those in whom normal alignment was restored following TAA (41 ankles) and those with persistent displacement (22 ankles). Radiographic and clinical results were assessed.

Pre-operatively, the alignment in group A was significantly more varus than that in group B, and the posterior slope of the tibial plafond was greater (p < 0.01 in both cases). The posterior slope of the tibial component was strongly associated with restoration of alignment: ankles in which the alignment was restored had significantly less posterior slope (p < 0.001).

An anteriorly translated talus was restored to a normal position after TAA in most patients. We suggest that surgeons performing TAA using the Hintegra prosthesis should aim to insert the tibial component at close to 90° relative to the axis of the tibia, hence reducing posterior soft-tissue tension and allowing restoration of normal tibiotalar alignment following surgery.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1525–32.
Optimal usage of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Liddle A. D. , Pandit H. , Judge A. , Murray D. W.
Published: November 2015

Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has advantages over total knee arthroplasty but national joint registries report a significantly higher revision rate for UKA. As a result, most surgeons are highly selective, offering UKA only to a small proportion (up to 5%) of patients requiring arthroplasty of the knee, and consequently performing few each year. However, surgeons with large UKA practices have the lowest rates of revision. The overall size of the practice is often beyond the surgeon’s control, therefore case volume may only be increased by broadening the indications for surgery, and offering UKA to a greater proportion of patients requiring arthroplasty of the knee.

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal UKA usage (defined as the percentage of knee arthroplasty practice comprised by UKA) to minimise the rate of revision in a sample of 41 986 records from the for National Joint Registry for England and Wales (NJR).

UKA usage has a complex, non-linear relationship with the rate of revision. Acceptable results are achieved with the use of 20% or more. Optimal results are achieved with usage between 40% and 60%. Surgeons with the lowest usage (up to 5%) have the highest rates of revision. With optimal usage, using the most commonly used implant, five-year survival is 96% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94.9 to 96.0), compared with 90% (95% CI 88.4 to 91.6) with low usage (5%) previously considered ideal.

The rate of revision of UKA is highest with low usage, implying the use of narrow, and perhaps inappropriate, indications. The widespread use of broad indications, using appropriate implants, would give patients the advantages of UKA, without the high rate of revision.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1506–11.
Re-dislocation after corrective osteotomy for chronic dislocation of the radial head in children
Authors: Suzuki T. , Seki A. , Nakamura T. , Ikegami H. , Takayama S. , Nakamura M. , Matsumoto M. , Sato K.
Published: November 2015

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of re-dislocation of the radial head after corrective osteotomy for chronic dislocation. A total of 12 children with a mean age of 11 years (5 to 16), with further dislocation of the radial head after corrective osteotomy of the forearm, were followed for a mean of five years (2 to 10). Re-operations were performed for radial head re-dislocation in six children, while the other six did not undergo re-operation (‘non-re-operation group’). The active range of movement (ROM) of their elbows was evaluated before and after the first operation, and at the most recent follow-up.

In the re-operation group, there were significant decreases in extension, pronation, and supination when comparing the ROM following the corrective osteotomy and following re-operation (p < 0.05).

The children who had not undergone re-operation achieved a better ROM than those who had undergone re-operation.

There was a significant difference in mean pronation (76° vs 0°) between the non- re-operation and the re-operation group (p = 0.002), and a trend towards increases in mean flexion (133° vs 111°), extension (0° vs 23°), and supination (62° vs 29°). We did not find a clear benefit for re-operation in children with a re-dislocation following corrective osteotomy for chronic dislocation of the radial head.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1582–7.
The influence of catastrophising on treatment outcomes after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Kim H. J. , Park J. W. , Chang B. S. , Lee C. K. , Yeom J. S.
Published: November 2015

Pain catastrophising is an adverse coping mechanism, involving an exaggerated response to anticipated or actual pain.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of pain ‘catastrophising’, as measured using the pain catastrophising scale (PCS), on treatment outcomes after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

A total of 138 patients (47 men and 91 women, mean age 65.9; 45 to 78) were assigned to low (PCS score < 25, n = 68) and high (PCS score ≥ 25, n = 70) PCS groups. The primary outcome measure was the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) 12 months after surgery. Secondary outcome measures included the ODI and visual analogue scale (VAS) for back and leg pain, which were recorded at each assessment conducted during the 12-month follow-up period

The overall changes in the ODI and VAS for back and leg pain over a 12-month period were significantly different between the groups (ODI, p < 0.001; VAS for back pain, p < 0.001; VAS for leg pain, p = 0.040). The ODI and VAS for back and leg pain significantly decreased over time after surgery in both groups (p < 0.001 for all three variables). The patterns of change in the ODI and VAS for back pain during the follow-up period significantly differed between the two groups, suggesting that the PCS group is a potential treatment moderator. However, there was no difference in the ODI and VAS for back and leg pain between the low and high PCS groups 12 months after surgery.

In terms of minimum clinically important differences in ODI scores (12.8), 22 patients (40.7%) had an unsatisfactory surgical outcome in the low PCS group and 16 (32.6%) in the high PCS group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.539).

Pre-operative catastrophising did not always result in a poor outcome 12 months after surgery, which indicates that this could moderate the efficacy of surgery for LSS.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1546–54.
Bilateral humeral lengthening in achondroplasia with unilateral external fixators
Authors: Balci H. I. , Kocaoglu M. , Sen C. , Eralp L. , Batibay S. G. , Bilsel K.
Published: November 2015

A retrospective study was performed in 18 patients with achondroplasia, who underwent bilateral humeral lengthening between 2001 and 2013, using monorail external fixators. The mean age was ten years (six to 15) and the mean follow-up was 40 months (12 to 104).

The mean disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score fell from 32.3 (20 to 40) pre-operatively to 9.4 (6 to 14) post-operatively (p = 0.037). A mean lengthening of 60% (40% to 95%) was required to reach the goal of independent perineal hygiene. One patient developed early consolidation, and fractures occurred in the regenerate bone of four humeri in three patients. There were three transient radial nerve palsies.

Humeral lengthening increases the independence of people with achondroplasia and is not just a cosmetic procedure.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1577–81.
A randomised controlled trial comparing highly cross-linked and contemporary annealed polyethylene after a minimal eight-year follow-up in total hip arthroplasty using cemented acetabular components
Authors: Langlois J. , Atlan F. , Scemama C. , Courpied J. P. , Hamadouche M.
Published: November 2015

Most published randomised controlled trials which compare the rates of wear of conventional and cross-linked (XL) polyethylene (PE) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) have described their use with a cementless acetabular component.

We conducted a prospective randomised study to assess the rates of penetration of two distinct types of PE in otherwise identical cemented all-PE acetabular components.

A total of 100 consecutive patients for THA were randomised to receive an acetabular component which had been either highly XL then remelted or moderately XL then annealed.

After a minimum of eight years follow-up, 38 hips in the XL group and 30 hips in the annealed group had complete data (mean follow-up of 9.1 years (7.6 to 10.7) and 8.7 years (7.2 to 10.2), respectively). In the XL group, the steady state rate of penetration from one year onwards was -0.0002 mm/year (sd 0.108): in the annealed group it was 0.1382 mm/year (sd 0.129) (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001). No complication specific to either material was recorded.

These results show that the yearly linear rate of femoral head penetration can be significantly reduced by using a highly XLPE cemented acetabular component.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1458–62.
Cementedversusuncemented arthroplasty in patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck
Authors: Inngul C. , Blomfeldt R. , Ponzer S. , Enocson A.
Published: November 2015

The aim of this randomised controlled study was to compare functional and radiological outcomes between modern cemented and uncemented hydroxyapatite coated stems after one year in patients treated surgically for a fracture of the femoral neck. A total of 141 patients aged > 65 years were included. Patients were randomised to be treated with a cemented Exeter stem or an uncemented Bimetric stem. The patients were reviewed at four and 12 months.

The cemented group performed better than the uncemented group for the Harris hip score (78 vs 70.7, p = 0.004) at four months and for the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assesment Questionnaire dysfunction score at four (29.8 vs 39.2, p = 0.007) and 12 months (22.3 vs 34.9, p = 0.001). The mean EQ-5D index score was better in the cemented group at four (0.68 vs 0.53, p = 0.001) and 12 months (0.75 vs 0.58, p = < 0.001) follow-up. There were nine intra-operative fractures in the uncemented group and none in the cemented group.

In conclusion, our data do not support the use of an uncemented hydroxyapatite coated stem for the treatment of displaced fractures of the femoral neck in the elderly.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1475–80.
Kondisi terumbu karang dan makro invertebrata di Perairan Ujong Pancu, Kecamatan Peukan Bada, Aceh Besar
Authors: Bahri Samsul , Rudi Edi , Dewiyanti Irma
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The aimof this study was to evaluate the condition of coral reefs and macro invertebrates at Ujong Pancu, Aceh Besar District The study was carried out from April to May 152012. Coral coverage was observed by using Point Intercept Trancect method and Visual census technique for macro invertebrates. There was 50% of hard coral coverage recorded in three observation locations. The predominant genus was Acropora with a percentage of  more than 50% at all locations. The abundance of macro invertebrateswas ranged from 3.75 to 7.75 ind/transect. The most abundant macro invertebrates was Diadema setosum with percentage of more than 40% at each location. The diversity index (H’) of coral reefs and macro invertebrates were ranged from 0.74 - 1.36 and 0.98 – 1.5, respectively. In general, the condition of coral reefs and macro invertebrates in Ujong Pancu was in good condition. Keywords: Coral reefs; Macro invertebrates; Ujong Pancu. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang dan makro invertebrata di Ujong Pancu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2012. Tutupan karang diamati dengan menggunakan Metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT) dan makro invertebrata diamati dengan menggunakan metode TeknikVisual Sensus. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa lebih dari 50% tutupan karang keras pada ketiga stasiun pengamatan. Genus yang paling mendominasi pada ketiga stasiun adalah Acropora dengan persentase lebih dari 20% pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Kelimpahan makro avertebrata berkisar antara 3,75 hingga 7,75 ind/transek. Kelimpahan makro invertebrata terbesar adalah Diadema setosum dengan persentase lebih dari 40% pada setiap stasiun pengamatan. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) karang dan makro investebrata berkisar antara  0,74 - 1.36 dan 0,98 – 1,5 secara berurutan. Secara umum berdasarkan indeks yang digunakan, kondisi terumbu karang dan makro invertebrata di Ujong Pancu tergolong baik.Kata kunci : Terumbu Karang; Makro avertebrata; Ujong Pancu.
Studi penentuan lokasi budidaya kerapu menggunakan keramba jaring apung di perairan Timur Simeulue
Authors: Purnawan Syahrul , Zaki Muhammad , Asnawi T.M. , Setiawan Ichsan
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Groupers are of considerable economic value in southeast Asia.  Cage culture is considered as the proper technology to maximize the sustainable biomass production in a unit area. This research assesses a site selection approach for net-cage grouper mariculture in the eastern coastal area of Simeulue Island, namely Sambai, Kuta Batu and Pulau Bengkalak. Data collection focused on 7 biophysical site capability parameters i.e.: current flow, temperature, water clarity, bottom depth, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen. Suitability analysis identified all stations was categorized as a very appropriate and appropriate conditions for the fish cage location.Keywords: grouper; mariculture; fish cage; SimeulueAbstrak. Kerapu merupakan komoditas unggulan dan memiliki permintaan pasar yang tinggi di daerah Asia Tenggara. Keramba jaring apung (KJA) dianggap sebagai teknologi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan biomassa budidaya di suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian lokasi penempatan KJA di wilayah pesisir timur Pulau Simeulue yaitu Sambai, Kuta Batu dan Pulau Bengkalak. Kajian data difokuskan pada tujuh parameter biofisik yaitu arus, suhu, kecerahan, kedalaman perairan, pH, salinitas, dan oksigen terlarut. Analisis kelayakan menunjukkan seluruh stasiun dikategorikan sebagai layak dan sangat layak untuk lokasi budidaya KJA.Kata kunci: Kerapu; marikultur;  KJA; Simeulue
PYROLYSIS OF BROWN COAL USING A CATALYST BASED ON W–Ni
Authors: Jílková Lenka , Ciahotný Karel , Kusý Jaroslav
Published: November 2015

Tars from pyrolysis of brown coal can be refined to obtain compounds suitable for fuel production. However, it is problematic to refine the liquids from brown coal pyrolysis, because high molecular compounds are produced, and the sample solidifies. Therefore we decided to investigate the possibility of treating the product in the gas phase during pyrolysis, using a catalyst. A two-step process was investigated: thermal-catalytic refining. In the first step, alumina was used as the filling material, and in the second step a catalyst based on W-Ni was used. These materials were placed in two separate layers above the coal, so the volatile products passed through the alumina and catalyst layers. Pyrolysis tests showed that using the catalyst has no significant effect on the mass balance, but it improves the properties of the gas and the properties of the organic part of the liquid pyrolysis products, which will then be processed further.
CFD ANALYSIS OF THE SPACER GRIDS AND MIXING VANES EFFECT ON THE FLOW IN THE CHOSEN PART OF THE TVSA-T FUEL ASSEMBLY
Authors: Juklíček Jakub , Železný Václav
Published: November 2015

CFD is a promising and widely spread tool for a flow simulation in nuclear reactor fuel assemblies. One of the limiting factors is the complicated geometry of a spacer grid. It leads to the computational mesh with high number of cells and with possibility of decreasing quality. Therefore an approach to simulate the flow as precisely as possible and simultaneously in a reasonable computational expense has to be chosen. The goal of the following CFD analysis is to obtain the detailed velocity field in a precise geometry of
 a chosen part of the TVSA-T fuel assembly. This kind of simulation provides data for comparison that can be applied in many situations, for instance, for comparison with simulations when a porous media boundary condition is applied as a replacement of the spacer grid.

TVSA-T fuel assembly is equipped with combined spacer grids. Combined spacer grid has two functions - support of the fuel pins as a part of assembly skeleton and mixing vanes which ensures coolant mixing. The support part is geometrically very complicated and it is impossible to prepare a good quality computational mesh there. It is also difficult to create a mesh in the support part and the mixing part joint area because of inaccurate connection between these two parts.

A representative part of the TVSA-T fuel assembly with a combined spacer grid segment was chosen to perform the CFD simulation. Some inevitable geometry simplifications of the spacer grid geometry were performed. These simplifications were as insignificant as possible to preserve the flow character and to make it possible to prepare
 a quality mesh at the same time.

Steady state CFD simulation was performed with k-ε realizable turbulence model. Heat transfer was not simulated and only velocity field was investigated. Detailed flow characterization which was obtained from this calculation shown, that mixing vanes already affect the flow in the support part of the grid thanks to suction effect. Vortex structures disappear approximately 50 mm behind the mixing vanes but the basic spiral character of the flow is preserved in the whole area between two following spacer grids.
The Authority of Greek Mythic Narratives in the Magical Papyri
Authors: Johnston Sarah Iles
Published: November 2015

I begin by summarizing work that has been done concerning a persistent question in the study of ancient magic: how did practitioners balance empirical reality against their own imaginations? I go on to suggest that my recent work on Greek myths, which uses ideas developed in media studies and social psychology, can help. This work suggests that myths’ authority rested in large part on their effectiveness as lively, cognitively-engaging narrations, which in turn enabled audience members to build strong relationships with the myths’ characters, who were the gods and heroes worshipped in cult. For purposes of the present article, the most important point to emerge from my work is that each name of a mythic character instantly evokes for the audience a large, vivid history of that character and of his or her interactions with other characters. I then go on to examine what amounts to ‘Greek myth’ in many magical papyri of later antiquity-not stories per se, but the listing of characters’ names. Extending my earlier observations, I suggest that the vivid story-world that these names created for each person who spoke, read or heard the spells, gave those spells enormous authority by evoking larger narratives or complexes of narratives. To illustrate this, I examine PGM IV.1390 -1495, a spell that lists a large number of Underworld divinities. I offer variations of my approach by examining PGM IV.3209-54, a ‘Saucer Divination of Aphrodite,’ and PGM IV.2891-2942, a ‘Love Spell of Attraction.’
Lost Epics and Newly Found Vases: Sources for the Sack of Troy
Authors: Shapiro H. A.
Published: November 2015

The Ilioupersis was a component of the Epic Cycle that is lost to us but for some fragments and later re-workings such as Euripides’ Troades. But the visual tradition of the Sack of Troy starts very early, with the famous relief pithos found on Mykonos in the 1960’s and dated to the early seventh century, probably close in date to the epic. This paper focuses on an Attic red-figure cup that came to light in the 1980’s and gives us the fullest panorama of many episodes that comprised the Sack. It was made at a time when the Ionian Revolt and the Persian threat to Greece gave the story a new currency in Athens.
Bundling Myth, Bungling Myth: The Flood Myth in Ancient and Modern Handbooks of Myth
Authors: Smith R. Scott
Published: November 2015

This essay analyzes the narrative accounts of Deucalion’s flood within the broader context of human creation in two ancient mythographical works of myth (Ovid, Apollodorus) and three modern handbooks. In each case the mythographer has been forced to reshape the episodic-one might say disparate and conflicting -nature of her or his sources and invent new connective tissue to organize early mythic time. The authorial voice and narrative aims of all writers attempting to create a coherent and comprehensive account of this period remain operative even in subliterary works such as Apollodorus’ Bibliotheke and render source criticism problematic.
Aperçus sur la religion romaine de l’époque républicaine, à travers les comédies de Plaute
Authors: Rey Sarah
Published: November 2015

La palliata est d’abord et avant tout religieuse, dans son cadre de représentation, dans ses décors et dans une partie de ses intrigues. Ainsi le théâtre de Plaute fourmille de renseignements sur l’histoire religieuse de Rome, ses cultes et ses pratiques autour de 200 av. J.-C., époque où, dans un climat d’affirmation de la puissance romaine en Méditerranée, le panthéon et le personnel sacerdotal s’étoffent et se reconfigurent. De pièce en pièce, les rites religieux, par-dessus tout le sacrifice, envahissent l’action et le souci de leur bonne exécution distingue les individus entre eux : d’un côté, ceux qui pratiquent la religio d’une manière juste et pondérée, de l’autre les superstitieux qui n’en finissent pas de chercher le divin là où il n’est pas, au risque du ridicule.
The Real Cost of Credit Constraints: Evidence from Micro-finance
Authors: Sane Renuka , Thomas Susan
Published: November 2015

The paper studies the effect of a law that banned micro-credit lending in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India. Regions in Andhra Pradesh are matched to regions that did not face the ban. A difference-in-difference estimation of changes in matched regions is used to establish a causal impact on average household consumption in the region. The results show that the average household consumption in the ban-affected regions dropped by 15% immediately after the ban compared to the matched regions, and persisted for four quarters. The result is robust to cross-sectional variations in regional exposure to micro-finance prior to the ban, variation in rural and urban locations and variations in matching strategy. The analysis points to a ban as a sub-optimal intervention to improve customer welfare.
Mesoporous bioactive glasses: Relevance of their porous structure compared to that of classical bioglasses
Authors: Izquierdo-Barba Isabel , Vallet-Regí María
Published: November 2015

In the last decade, the development of third generation bioceramics for Bone Tissue Regeneration has experienced significant progress with the emergence of a new generation of nanostructured materials named mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG). This new generation of materials, also known as “templated glasses”, presents chemical compositions similar to those of conventional bioactive sol–gel glasses and the added value of an ordered mesopore arrangement. This article shows an indepth comparative study of the ordered porous structures of MBGs compared to conventional glasses (melt and solgel) andhowthese properties influence the bioactivity process. Moreover, the possibility to tailor the textural and structural properties of these nanostructured materials by an exhaustive control of the different synthesis parameters is also discussed. A brief overview regarding the possibility of using these materials as controlled drug delivery systems and as starting materials for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration is also given.
High level quantile approximations of sums of
risks
Authors: Cuberos A. , Masiello E. , Maume-Deschamps V.
Published: November 2015

The approximation of a high level quantile or of the expectation over a high quantile (Value at Risk
(VaR) or Tail Value at Risk (TVaR) in risk management) is crucial for the insurance industry.We propose a new
method to estimate high level quantiles of sums of risks. It is based on the estimation of the ratio between
the VaR (or TVaR) of the sum and the VaR (or TVaR) of the maximum of the risks. We show that using the
distribution of the maximum to approximate the VaR is much better than using the marginal. Our method
seems to work well in high dimension (100 and higher) and gives good results when approximating the VaR
or TVaR in high levels on strongly dependent risks where at least one of the risks is heavy tailed.
Multivariate Markov Families of Copulas
Authors: Overbeck Ludger , Schmidt Wolfgang M.
Published: November 2015

For the Markov property of a multivariate process, a necessary and suficient condition on the multidimensional
copula of the finite-dimensional distributions is given. This establishes that the Markov property
is solely a property of the copula, i.e., of the dependence structure. This extends results by Darsow et al. [11]
from dimension one to the multivariate case. In addition to the one-dimensional case also the spatial copula
between the different dimensions has to be taken into account. Examples are also given.
Young people’s perspective of Maribor vernacular
Authors: Zemljak Jontes Melita , Pulko Simona
Published: November 2015

The article deals with the youngsters in a specific secondary school in Maribor which represents a sort of a conglomerate of different social varieties (dialects) of the Slovenian language. This conglomerate raises particular questions regarding perspectives of Maribor vernacular. The survey is based on 68 questionnaries of secondary school pupils. It was conducted in May 2012 in Maribor. All the pupils of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year were interviewed. Questionnaires differenciated between pupils according to their gender, their grade in the school subject of the Slovenian language and according to their place of residence during their schooling. The analysis included two variables, i.e. gender and grade; nevertheless, the latter did not prove to be relevant.

During Slovenian language classes, male pupils use LSS more consistently than female pupils do; they both frequently use SDS-2, as well as SDS-1, while during other classes there is almost no LSS. The pupils are consistently corrected during Slovenian language classes, which is not the case during other classes (with the exceptions of history and geography). For Abbreaviations, see footnote 2, p. 8.

At school, pupils more frequently use slang with classmates and peers than they use LDS. Moreover, the comparison between the use of slang by female and male pupils shows the growing use of slang by the latter.

All the pupils whose current address is not in Maribor notice the influence of their school environment (of Maribor city speech), including German loan words (also typical of Maribor city speech). All pupils whose current address is not in Maribor use these words in informal speech, i.e. with classmates, school employees and other citizens of Maribor.
Les diphtongues secondaires dans le parler picard d’Aubers (Nord) au début du XXème siècle
Authors: Carton Fernand
Published: November 2015

In 1965, I recorded some conversations in the Picard dialect of Aubers, a village located in northern France. I used hearing tests to extract a corpus of 70 words containing diphthongs. The speakers I considered to be representative were born respectively in 1885, 1898 and 1902. Their diphthongs are different from those of traditional Picard speakers and affect both dialect and common French words. A spectrographic analysis allowed me to single out three types of phenomena in the corpus: the vocalization of semi-consonant, the development of an epenthetic vowel before and after a stressed vowel. Various stages of phonetic evolution have thus been stressed, appearing in several points of my Picard Linguistic Atlas maps, insertion of a vocalic element before some accented vowels, lengthening of “epenthetic” vowels, prominence shift from the second to the first accented element of a syllable, as well as the loosening and loss of the second part of a diphthong. These phenomena affect both standard French and Picard words. The vocalic system of the Aubers dialect as spoken in 1900, as revealed by a spectrographic analysis, has no equivalent in the Picardy area.
Contacto lingüístico y transferencia prosódica bajo una perspectiva diacrónica: El caso del alguerés
Authors: Roseano Paolo , Fernández Planas Ana Ma. , Elvira-García Wendy , Martínez Celdrán Eugenio
Published: November 2015

The article focuses on some intonational features of three Romance languages spoken in northern Sardinia (Algherese Catalan, Logudorese Sardinian, and the Sardinian regional variety of Italian). The first part of the article shows, by means of both qualitative and quantitative analyses, that the above-mentioned languages share some intonational features that are not present in the dialects of Catalan and Italian spoken in the Iberian Peninsula and the Italian Peninsula, respectively. In the following sections the article puts forward a diachronic explanation for this intonational convergence, basing on the role of Sardinian as a substrate language for both Algherese Catalan and the regional Italian of Sardinia. The final part of the article proposes a generalization of the findings of the case-study and puts forward a diachronic model of prosodic transfer that includes the mechanisms of direct transfer, fusion, and accommodation.
Contribution of Pd Membrane to Dehydrogenation of Isobutane Over a New Mesoporous Cr/MCM-41 Catalyst
Authors: Kilicarslan Saliha Cetinyokus , Dogan Meltem , Dogu Timur
Published: November 2015

A chromium incorporated mesoporous silicate structured Cr/MCM-41 type catalyst was synthesized following a one-pot hydrothermal route and tested in dehydrogenation of isobutane to isobutene in a Pd membrane reactor. Characterization results of the catalyst proved that it had ordered pore structure with a narrow pore size distribution. This catalyst showed quite high activity for the dehydrogenation of isobutane. Membrane reactor tests performed at 823 K proved the advantages of in-situ removal of produced hydrogen from the reaction zone through the membrane, on isobutene yield. In fact, much higher isobutane conversions than the conversion values predicted from the equilibrium calculations were achieved at this temperature. However, at a higher temperature of 873 K, the Pd membrane itself also showed catalytic activity for the decomposition of isobutane and isobutene. As a result, lower isobutene selectivity values and quite high methane and propene selectivities were observed at this temperature. Cracking reactions also caused coke formation at 873 K, especially at high pressure differences across the membrane (70 kPa). Increase of pressure difference across the membrane caused fast removal of hydrogen from the reaction zone, which facilitated coke formation due to cracking reactions.
Transient Predictive Model for Dynamic Analysis, Kinetic Study, and Reactor Design of Triglycerides Transesterification to Biodiesel
Authors: Perdomo-Hurtado Felipe A. , Vázquez-Medina Rubén
Published: November 2015

This paper proposes a predictive mechanistic model to describe the classical pseudo-homogeneous second order kinetic law; the objective of the model is to study the transesterification process of any triglycerides feed stock into the synthetized biodiesel in a batch reactor, which contains a jacket heat exchanger system and a stirrer. The developed model consists of a set of ordinary differential equations which represent the mass and the energy balance for each chemical component in the reactor, accomplished by the temperature’s dynamics in the heat exchanger system, as well as, a reaction kinetic scheme, where the apparent rate and activation energies follow the Arrhenius equation (Noureddini and Zhu 1997, 1457), and the physical-chemical properties of oils, biodiesel and products have been considered. The physical-chemical properties required for products, intermediates and reactants were estimated implementing molecular group contribution methods. The constants in the reactions rates were taken directly from relevant works oriented to experimental study of the kinetic triglycerides methanolysis. The model’s usefulness was verified comparing the produced results against experimental results obtained in the biodiesel synthesis from sunflower (Vicente et al. 2005, 5447), Brassica carinata (Vicente et al. 2005, 899) and soybean (Noureddini and Zhu 1997, 1457) oils. In each case, the model matched the experimental results. Using the proposed model, it is possible to evaluate how the operating conditions and variables like the type of feed, the temperatures of the reactor and the jacket, the heat transfer, the stirrer rate and the changes on thermophysical properties of the species affect the conversion and reactor performance.
An Approach for Routine Analytical Detection of Beeswax Adulteration Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy
Authors: Svečnjak Lidija , Baranović Goran , Vinceković Marko , Prđun Saša , Bubalo Dragan , Tlak Gajger Ivana
Published: November 2015

Although beeswax adulteration represents one of the main beeswax quality issues, there are still no internationally standardised analytical methods for routine quality control. The objective of this study was to establish an analytical procedure suitable for routine detection of beeswax adulteration using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. For the purpose of this study, reference IR spectra of virgin beeswax, paraffin, and their mixtures containing different proportions of paraffin (5 - 95%), were obtained. Mixtures were used for the establishment of calibration curves. To determine the prediction strength of IR spectral data for the share of paraffin in mixtures, the Partial Least Squares Regression method was used. The same procedure was conducted on beeswax-beef tallow mixtures. The model was validated using comb foundation samples of an unknown chemical background which had been collected from the international market (n = 56). Selected physico-chemical parameters were determined for comparison purposes. Results revealed a strong predictive power (R2 = 0.999) of IR spectra for the paraffin and beef tallow share in beeswax. The results also revealed that the majority of the analysed samples (89%) were adulterated with paraffin; only 6 out of 56 (11%) samples were identified as virgin beeswax, 28% of the samples exhibited a higher level of paraffin adulteration (>46% of paraffin), while the majority of the analysed samples (50%) were found to be adulterated with 5 - 20% of paraffin. These results indicate an urgent need for routine beeswax authenticity control. In this study, we demonstrated that the analytical approach defining the standard curves for particular adulteration levels in beeswax, based on chemometric modelling of specific IR spectral region indicative for adulteration, enables reliable determination of the adulterant proportions in beeswax.
Perturbed second derivative multistep methods
Authors: Ezzeddine Ali K. , Hojjati Gholamreza , Abdi Ali
Published: November 2015

Extended second derivative multistep methods and their modified form have been introduced as efficient numerical solvers for stiff systems. Considering these methods from second derivative general linear methods point of view, we construct some perturbations of these methods which improve their stability properties while preserve their order. Numerical experiments confirm efficiency of the constructed perturbed methods.
Hermite and Lagrange interpolation in ℝd by G1 cubic splines with small strain energy
Authors: Jaklic Gašper , Kanduc Tadej
Published: November 2015

In this paper, Hermite and Lagrange interpolation by G
Two torymid species (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) developing on Artemisia gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Lotfalizadeh Hossein , Mohammadi-Khoramabadi Abbas
Published: November 2015

Two parasitoid wasps, Torymus artemisiae Mayr and Torymoides violaceus (Nikol’skaya), were reared on Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) galles, in central Iran. Torymus artemisiae and T. violaceus were developed from the gall midges: Rhopalomyia navasi Tavares and R. hispanica Tavares, respectively. The occurrence of these two parasitic wasps in Iran, and their associations with R. navasi and R. hispanica, are new. Data on the wasps’ biological associations and geographical distribution are provided. The parasitoid compositions of the genus Rhopalomyia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) were also discussed.
Lexicographical storing: a key lexicographical task in the era of the internet / Lexikographische Speicherung: Eine zentrale Aufgabe der Lexikographie im Internet-Zeitalter / Stockage de données en lexicographie: una tâche centrale de la lexicographie à l’ère d’internet
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A.
Published: November 2015

A user-driven approach in lexicography - e.g. the function theory of lexicography (Bergenholtz & Tarp 2002, 2003, 2004; Fuertes-Olivera & Tarp 2014; Tarp 2008) - compels lexicographers to use all possible means at their disposal to improve the quality of dictionary use and to ensure an optimal retrieval of information from the lexicographical data. For instance, the advent of the internet has substantially modified the design and compilation of dictionaries in two ways. First, online dictionaries are dynamic tools, which makes them more suitable for meeting user needs in different user situations. Second, thinking in terms of static lexicographic structures is erroneous as these are ill-suited for benefiting from existing and potential internet technologies, for complying with the tenets of the user needs paradigm, and for analysing the merits of lexicographical tasks such as lexicographical storing.

This article follows Bergenholtz & Agerbo’s concept of lexicographical structuring, which supports the main tenets of the user needs paradigm and the necessity of analysing the process of storing lexicographical data in a lexicographical database. This analysis supports my belief that lexicographical storing is a new lexicographical task which must be better understood, especially when working with the large amount of data being stored in lexicographical databases such as the one on which we are currently compiling the UNIVERSIDAD DE VALLADOLID INTERNET DICTIONARIES OF SPANISH.
Structures in the communication between lexicographer and programmer: Database and interface / Strukturen in der Kommunikation zwischen Lexikograph und Programmierer: Datenbasis und Schnittstelle / Les structures de la communication entre lexicographe et programmeur: base de données et interface
Authors: Tarp Sven
Published: November 2015

This paper deals exclusively with e-lexicography. It intends to answer the question how much a lexicographer in charge of a new e-dictionary project should know about lexicographical structures, and how this knowledge could be communicated to the IT programmer designing the underlying database and the corresponding user interfaces. With this purpose, it first defines the concepts of lexicographical database, e-dictionary and e-lexicographical structure. Then it discusses some of the new ways in which lexicographical structures express themselves in the digital environment. It stresses, above all, their dynamic character and great complexity which make it extremely difficult and time-consuming for the lexicographer to get an overview of all the structures in an e-lexicographical project. Finally, and based upon the experience from the planning and design of five e-dictionaries, it shows how the lexicographer, nonetheless, can treat the question in the concrete interdisciplinary interaction with the programmer in order to obtain the database and interfaces needed to guarantee quality and innovation in an e-dictionary project.
Funktionale Angabezusätze und hybride textuelle Strukturen in Wörterbuchartikeln. Korrigierende Ergänzungen, weiterführende Vertiefungen, zusammenfassende Übersichten und mehr
Authors: Wiegand Herbert Ernst
Published: November 2015

This contribution presents the most recent state of research regarding functional item additions. The typology of functional item additions is rearranged on the basis of the distinction between glossed and non-glossed item additions. It is shown that and how functional item additions determine the hybrid structures of all types of elementary and nonelementary items and dictionary arcticles and determine a typology of such structures. Thereby a new typology is developed on the basis of the terms lexicographic superscript and subscript that allows a precise differentiation of the individual hybrid structures. Finally a network is developed in which all hybrid and pure article-related types of hierarchical structures, like the four types of article structures, i.e. article microstructures, article constituent structures, article item structures and exhaustive artictle item structures as well as all types of hierarchical comment structures, e.g. left and right core structures, left and right periphery structures, left, middle and right interstructures can be linked with one another across two types of partial structure relations, i.e. the substructure relation and the reduction relation.
Spatial variations in nitrogen dioxide concentrations in urban Ljubljana, Slovenia
Authors: Vintar Mally Katja , Ogrin Matej
Published: November 2015

Ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations are regularly measured at only two monitoring stations in the city centre of Ljubljana, and such scanty data are inadequate for drawing conclusions about spatial patterns of pollution within the city, or to decide on effective measures to further improve air quality. In order to determine the spatial distribution of NO2 concentrations in different types of urban space in Ljubljana, two measuring campaigns throughout the city were carried out, during the summer of 2013 and during the winter of 2014. The main source of NO2 in Ljubljana is road transport. Accordingly, three types of urban space have been identified (urban background, open space along roads, and street canyon), and their NO2 pollution level was measured using Palmes diffusive samplers at a total of 108 measuring spots. This article analyses the results of both measuring campaigns and compares the pollution levels of different types of urban space.
The effects of the 1996–2012 summer heat events on human mortality in Slovakia
Authors: Výberči Dalibor , Švec Marek , Faško Pavol , Savinová Henrieta , Trizna Milan , Mičietová Eva
Published: November 2015

The impacts of summer heat events on the mortality of the Slovak population, both in total and for selected population sub-groups, are the foci of this study. This research is the first of its kind, focusing on a given population, and therefore one priority was to create a knowledge base for the issue and to basically evaluate existing conditions for the heat-mortality relationship in Slovakia. This article also aims to fill a void in current research on these issues in Europe. In addition to overall effects, we focused individually on the major historical heat events which occurred in the summers of 2007, 2010 and 2012. During the heat events, a non-negligible negative response in mortality was recorded and fatal effects were more pronounced during particularly strong heat events and periods which lasted for two or more days. In general, females and the elderly were the most sensitive groups in the population and mortality was characterized by several specific effects in individual population groups. The most extreme heat periods were commonly followed by a deficit in mortality, corresponding to a short-term mortality displacement, the pattern of which varied in specific cases. In general, displaced mortality appeared to compensate for a large part of heat-induced excess deaths.