bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
All Fiber-Coupled OH Planar Laser-Induced-Fluorescence (OH-PLIF)-Based Two-Dimensional Thermometry
Authors: Hsu Paul S. , Jiang Naibo , Patnaik Anil K. , Katta Vish , Roy Sukesh , Gord James R.
Published: November 2017

Two-color, planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF)-based two-dimensional (2D) thermometry techniques for reacting flows, which are typically developed in the laboratory conditions, face a stiff challenge in their practical implementation in harsh environments such as combustion rigs. In addition to limited optical access, the critical experimental conditions (i.e., uncontrolled humidity, vibration, and large thermal gradients) often restrict sensitive laser system operation and cause difficulties maintaining beam-overlap. Thus, an all fiber-coupled, two-color OH-PLIF system has been developed, employing two long optical fibers allowing isolation of the laser and signal-collection systems. Two OH-excitation laser beams (∼283 nm and ∼286 nm) are delivered through a common 6 m long, 400 µm core, deep ultraviolet (UV)-enhanced multimode fiber. The fluorescence signal (∼310 nm) is collected by a 3 m long, UV-grade imaging fiber. Proof-of-principle temperature measurements are demonstrated in atmospheric pressure, near adiabatic, CH4/O2/N2 jet flames. The effects of the excitation pulse interval on fiber transmission are investigated. The proof-of-principle measurements show significant promise for thermometry in harsh environments such as gas turbine engine tests.
CR-39 (PADC) Reflection and Transmission of Light in the Ultraviolet–Near-Infrared (UV–NIR) Range
Authors: Traynor Nathan B.J. , McLauchlin Christopher , Dodge Kenneth , McGarrah James E. , Padalino Stephen J. , McCluskey Michelle , Sangster T.C. , McLean James G.
Published: November 2017

The spectral reflection (specular and diffuse) and transmission of Columbia Resin 39 (CR-39) were measured for incoherent light with wavelengths in the range of 200–2500 nm. These results will be of use for the optical characterization of CR-39, as well as in investigations of the chemical modifications of the polymer caused by ultraviolet (UV) exposure. A Varian Cary 5000 was used to perform spectroscopy on several different thicknesses of CR-39. With proper analysis for the interdependence of reflectance and transmittance, results are consistent across all samples. The reflectivity from each CR-39–air boundary reveals an increase in the index of refraction in the near-UV. Absorption observations are consistent with the Beer–Lambert law. Strong absorption of UV light of wavelength shorter than 350 nm suggests an optical band gap of 3.5 eV, although the standard analysis is not conclusive. Absorption features observed in the near infrared are assigned to molecular vibrations, including some that are new to the literature.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Police Handling of Juvenile Arrests
Authors: Claus Ronald E. , Vidal Sarah , Harmon Michele
Published: November 2017

The overrepresentation of racial and ethnic minority youth in early stages of juvenile justice processing remains a long-standing concern. The current study uses data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) to examine the effects of race and ethnicity on postarrest handling of juvenile cases by the police. Multilevel analyses controlling for extralegal and contextual factors found that disproportionate minority contact (DMC) was not observed for more severe charges, but Hispanic and minority youth facing less severe charges were more likely to be referred to authorities. Because even small disparities in postarrest handling may have a cumulative effect, the findings highlight the continuing need to better understand police officer behaviors and agency processes that result in DMC.
Revisiting individualization: The transitions to marriage and motherhood in Chile
Authors: Yopo Díaz Martina
Published: November 2017

The life course of Chilean women has experienced profound transformations in the past decades. It has been argued that transitions to marriage and motherhood are being postponed as they are experienced by women at an older age and are becoming events that characterize an increasingly smaller part of the female population. These changes have been often interpreted as part of a process of individualization that would have reconfigured the cultural norms and social practices regarding gender roles and family formation in Chilean society. Nevertheless, the prevalence and diversification of the practices and norms that shape the transitions to marriage and motherhood at an empirical level remain unexplored. This article aims to assess the individualization of the life course of women in Chile by empirically analysing the destandardization of the practices and norms that shape the transitions to marriage and motherhood. By analysing data from the Encuesta Nacional Bicentenario Universidad Católica – Adimark (2009), it demonstrates that changes in the prevalence of the transitions to marriage and motherhood and the diversification of the practices and norms that shape their timing are ambivalent regarding destandardization. These results suggest that the life course of women in Chile is becoming individualized to some extent, but that this trend of cultural and social change is not consistent and uniform, but rather partial and fragmented, non-linear, and significantly conditioned by the social structure.
Phenomenology of health and social care integration in Italy
Authors: Lusardi Roberto , Tomelleri Stefano
Published: November 2017

This article analyses how governance and organisational dynamics produce different forms of health and social care integration. The ethnographic study, carried out in two different Italian organisations, highlighted two forms of integration, which the authors term mechanical and cultural. The first is characterised by the prevalence of codified and hierarchical forms of coordination and the substantial isolation of professional groups, with limited contact opportunities. Under these conditions, integration is mainly achieved in the final product through the independent and uncoordinated delivery of specific social and health services. In the second, codified tools occur alongside informal coordination activities, based on face-to-face interactions and the sharing of knowledge, values and goals. Integration takes place in daily formal and informal interactions and in the development of professional intimacy. The results of the study suggest that public policies need to be clear about the form of integration at which they aim. The mechanical form is appropriate for product integration, while cultural integration is the preferred form for process and professional integration. In the latter case, ICTs are undoubtedly useful but not sufficient. To stimulate informal coordination, mutual trust and professional reciprocity, analogic communicative patterns are needed to allow the symbolic dimension to be expressed.
Detection of the Incidence of HBV, HCV Infection and Febrile Neutropenia Associated With CHOP With or Without Rituximab in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma–Treated Patients
Authors: Ali Kashif , Sial Ali Akbar , Baig Mirza Tasawer , Baig Nida , Ansari Saqib Hussain , Shamsi Tahir Sultan
Published: November 2017

Background: Reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and febrile neutropenia (FN) are common in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients undergoing cyclophosphamide, hydroxyrubicin, Oncovin, and prednisolone (CHOP) or cyclophosphamide, hydroxyrubicin, Oncovin, prednisolone - rituximab containing (R-CHOP) chemotherapy. This ultimately leads to delaying the therapy, increasing hospital stay, and raising the pharmacoeconomic burden on patients. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of HBV and HCV infection and febrile neutropenia in DLBCL patients treated with R-CHOP and CHOP. Methodology: This was an institutional approved study in which patient records from a private hospital, specialized in hematology and oncology (Karachi, Pakistan), were reviewed retrospectively from 2014 to 2016. Patients aged above 18 years with known diagnosis of DLBCL who underwent CHOP-21 or R-CHOP-21 chemotherapy regimen were included. Baseline blood chemistry and liver function tests along with the data regarding HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], hepatitis B surface antibody [anti-HBs]), HCV (antibody anti-HCV), and febrile neutropenia were collected from patient records. Results: In total, 35 cases of DLBCL were treated during a 3-year period (ie, from 2014 to 2016), of which 16 were on CHOP-21 regimen whereas 19 were treated with R-CHOP-21. Of the 19 patients who underwent R-CHOP chemotherapy, only 2 (10%) patients were HBsAg reactive. Before commencing the second cycle, 2 (10%) patients reported to hospital with fever and had hematological (low neutrophil count) and microbiological ( Escherichia coli) proven febrile neutropenia. The incidence of HBV infection post treatment was lower in group treated with CHOP (1 patient showed HBsAg reactivity).
Stalin, the Western Allies and Soviet Policy towards the Yugoslav Partisan Movement, 1941–4
Authors: Piffer Tommaso
Published: November 2017

This article traces the development of Soviet policy towards the communist partisan movement in Yugoslavia from the German invasion in 1941 to the liberation of the country at the end of 1944. In doing so, it addresses this topic for the first time through the lens of the Soviet decision-making process, following developments across the entire duration of the war. Based on Soviet sources, it shows that, in the context of the shifting balance of forces among the Western Allies, Moscow was ready to put aside the popular front strategy and to encourage local communists to challenge the political order supported by the British and the Americans while the Second World War was still raging. The example of Yugoslavia, however, also shows that this apparently clear strategy covered deep uncertainties on the Soviet side as to the real intentions of the British, the room for manoeuvre enjoyed by Moscow, and the way in which relations with a new communist state in the making should be established. The Soviets were largely successful in their attempt to support Tito while avoiding repercussions for the Great Alliance, although in the long term their achievements backfired.
Do Primary Care Physicians Help the Bereaved With Their Suicide Losses: Loss Survivor Perceptions of Helpfulness From Physicians
Authors: Feigelman William , Sanford Rebecca L. , Cerel Julie
Published: November 2017

Several previous studies suggested that primary care physicians can provide important bereavement assistance to survivors of suicide, yet no study has investigated whether suicide-bereaved patients perceive their physicians as helpful. Contacting bereavement communities on social media, we collected online survey data from 146 bereaved respondents reporting suicides causing them severe emotional distress. Data analysis suggested that nearly half (48%) of the respondents encountered positive, help-offering responses from physicians, compared to 10% whose responses were deemed as negative. Analysis of our data suggested that loss survivors’ perceptions of a physician’s helping or reproachful responses were associated with differences in grief difficulties and mental health distress.
Comparison of the Predictive Capacity of the Erotophobia–Erotophilia and the Attitudes Toward Sexual Behaviors in the Sexual Experience of Young Adults
Authors: Blanc Molina Andrea , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo , Ordóñez-Carrasco Jorge Luis , Rojas Tejada Antonio José
Published: November 2017

The prediction of sexual behaviors in emerging adult population is important because the number of sexually active individuals is high, and many young adults engage in sexually risky behaviors. Attitudes are an effective way to predict behaviors. The attitude–behavior relation is stronger when both attitude and behavior are measured at equivalent levels of specificity. The aim of this study was to provide empirical support of the Attitudes toward Sexual Behaviors Scale (ASBS) predictive capacity for the sexual experience (number of different sexual behaviors performed) as well as to compare it with the Sexual Opinion Survey (SOS; erotophobia–erotophilia dimension) predictive capacity. Participants were 632 heterosexual young adults (57.8% were women) of Spanish nationality aged 18 to 30 years, selected by incidental and snowball sampling. Sociodemographic questions, the ASBS, the SOS, and a checklist about sexual experience were administered online. When the age and sex variables were controlled, the ASBS predictive capacity for the sexual experience was found to be greater than the SOS predictive capacity in both young men and women. These results might be explained by the higher correspondence in the sexual experience measure (specific sexual behaviors) with the ASBS than with the SOS.
Gestures to the priesthood: Exploring Jesus’ priestly function in 1 John
Authors: Holmes Christopher T.
Published: November 2017

Interpreters of the New Testament often assume that the portrait of Jesus as high priest is a definitive and unique characteristic of the Epistle to the Hebrews. Other interpreters, however, find traces of this priestly Christology in other writings in the New Testament. This article assesses the degree to which 1 John “gestures” to the priestly function of Jesus by portraying him as the definitive means of dealing with human sinfulness and as the one who intercedes in a priestly manner on behalf of humanity.
Philosophy Bakes No Bread
Authors: Babich Babette
Published: November 2017

Far from baking bread, far from practical applicability, philosophy traditionally sought to explain the world, ideally so. Thus, when Marx argued that it was high time philosophy “change the world,” his was a revolutionary challenge. Today, philosophy is an analytic affair and analytic philosophers seek less to explain the world than to squirrel out arguments or, more descriptively, to resolve the minutiae of this or that name problem. Faced with diminishing student demand, analytic philosophers have taken to urging that everyone from primary school students to scientists be required to study (analytic) philosophy. Just so, applied philosophers demand to be engaged as consultants on practical projects. Granting that the demand that philosophers be appointed to public policy projects is understandable, inasmuch as everyone, as Hegel observed, desires recognition, this article argues that no argument has been made that the results would benefit any but the appointees while reinforcing current administrative quantitative evaluative schemes.
Philosophical Argument and Wicked Problems
Authors: Turner Stephen
Published: November 2017

This comment on Frodeman and Briggle’s Socrates Tenured raises questions about the project of applying philosophy or philosophical skills to wicked problems such as terrorism. By definition, these problems cannot be solved by appeal to principles, but involve conflicting values and goals. The societal problems to which the book refers are of this kind. The argument of the book vacillates between recognizing this and asserting some sort of special disciplinary authority for philosophy in the face of these problems. Examples illustrate the dilemma.
The Use of Aversives in Special Education: Legal and Practice Considerations for School Principals
Authors: Katsiyannis Antonis , Losinski Mickey , Whitford Denise K. , Counts Jennifer
Published: November 2017

The use of aversives as a method for behavioral intervention in U.S. public schools has been a persistent concern and often subject to litigation, particularly among students with disabilities. The use of aversives (restraint, seclusion, and corporal punishment) have been supported in some cases due to their perceived necessity to keep children and youth with disabilities from causing harm to themselves or others or as a pedagogical method for behavior change. However, research strongly supports the need for less use of aversives and instead a critical focus on the use of multitiered systems of support to prevent the escalation of behavior that may result in the use of aversives. This article provides a review of 173 legal cases from 1997 through 2016 that ruled on the use of aversives in public schools for children and youth with disabilities. The authors provide legal implications to schools that use aversives, as well as an alternative framework for school principals in lieu of using restraint, seclusion, and corporal punishment as methods for behavior intervention.
Insights Into the Tensions Facing Western Christians Working Overseas in an Educational Faith-Based Organisation: A Case Study
Authors: Wartenweiler Thomas
Published: November 2017

For the last 20 years, there has been a growing interest in researching faith-based organisations (FBOs) in international development. Much of the research on FBOs tries to analyse whether faith has a positive or negative impact on development. This often leads to contradictory results. This case study shows insights into tensions that FBO staff face on issues such as gender, evangelism and donor pressure. The results show that the picture of faith’s role in development is much more nuanced than portrayed by much of the existing literature. The conclusion offers recommendations for policy makers and member care personnel.
Triple helix on globalization: A case study of the China International Nanotech Innovation Cluster
Authors: Cheng Yijie , Liu Yun , Fan Wei , Yan Zhe , Ye Xuanting
Published: November 2017

Nanotechnology is considered to be a key technology that has an important influence on the emergence and development of a series of high-technologies in the 21st century. Due to its multidisciplinary nature, nanotechnology requires extensive multi-sector collaborations to foster more efficient development outcomes. This paper proposed a novel triple helix model to analyse the globalization of China’s nanotechnology innovation. This analytical framework will include three main aspects: first, the independent and interactive relationship among universities, governments, and industries; second, the vertical progress of globalization; and third, some influential innovative elements throughout the process. Afterwards, we demonstrate the model via a case study on the China International Nanotech Innovation Cluster. Finally, the paper summarizes the propelling roles and active impact three main entities played in the nanotechnology globalization process, as well as the trend and challenge of globalization. Findings offer helpful implications for the triple helix innovation in other industries.
Inhibition of GABA transporters fails to afford significant protection following focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Lie Maria EK , Gowing Emma K , Clausen Rasmus P , Wellendorph Petrine , Clarkson Andrew N
Published: November 2017

Brain ischemia triggers excitotoxicity and cell death, yet no neuroprotective drugs have made it to the clinic. While enhancing GABAergic signaling to counterbalance excitotoxicity has shown promise in animal models, clinical studies have failed. Blockade of GABA transporters (GATs) offers an indirect approach to increase GABA inhibition to lower the excitation threshold of neurons. Among the GATs, GAT1 is known to promote neuroprotection, while the protective role of the extrasynaptic transporters GAT3 and BGT1 is elusive. A focal lesion was induced in the motor cortex in two to four-month-old C57BL/6 J male mice by photothrombosis. The GAT1 inhibitor, tiagabine (1 and 10 mg/kg), the GAT2/3 inhibitor, ( S)-SNAP-5114 (5 and 30 mg/kg) and the GAT1/BGT1 inhibitor, EF-1502 (1 and 10 mg/kg) were given i.p. 1 and 6 h post-stroke to assess their impact on infarct volume and motor performance seven days post-stroke. One mg/kg tiagabine improved motor performance, while 10 mg/kg tiagabine, ( S)-SNAP-5114 and EF-1502 had no effect. None of the compounds affected infarct volume. Interestingly, treatment with tiagabine induced seizures and ( S)-SNAP-5114 led to increased mortality. Although we show that tiagabine can promote protection, our findings indicate that caution should be had when using GAT1 and GAT3 inhibitors for conditions of brain ischemia.
The crafting of budgets by accountants with users for enhanced acceptance in public healthcare
Authors: Buckmaster Natalie
Published: November 2017

This study presents a contemporary account of budgeting in a public hospital setting. Qualitative semi-structured interviews and observations of information systems and documentation are utilised to form an assessment of the relationship between accountants and users. This study finds that budgets form ongoing products requiring an iterative process of building collaborative relationships between accountants and users. Transparency and ongoing dialogue are pivotal for durability of the budgeting process. The results challenge stereotypical views of budgets being divorced from user needs. In fact, the results indicate that both the perspectives of accountants and users are broadened when they are involved in co-creating a budgeting system that fulfills their needs.

JEL Classification: M4, M40
A 10-Year Study of the Impact of Intimate Partner Violence Primary Aggressor Laws on Single and Dual Arrest
Authors: Hirschel David , McCormack Philip D. , Buzawa Eve
Published: November 2017

The adoption of arrest as the preferred response in incidents of intimate partner violence has generally been welcomed, but it has not come without unintended consequences. Foremost among these has been an increase in dual arrest, the situation where both parties to an incident are arrested. To address this concern, many states have enacted primary aggressor laws which mandate that officers determine who is the primary aggressor in the incident. To date, no longitudinal national study has been conducted on the impact of these laws. Using a dataset comprising 10 years of National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data (2000-2009) from 5,481 jurisdictions in 36 states and the District of Columbia, the authors examine the impact of primary aggressor laws in reducing the prevalence of dual arrests. Taking into account such factors as seriousness of offense, the authors found that the existence of primary aggressor laws does appear to result in officer reluctance to make any arrest. In addition, though these laws do result in a reduction in dual arrests, this reduction was not statistically significant. This is undoubtedly a result of inter-state variation in implementation as well as variations in statutory framework. In addition, these laws were observed to have a disparate effect both on White and non-White and heterosexual and same-sex couples. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Aggression in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: A Comparison of Maternal, Sibling, and Observer Perspectives
Authors: Piotrowski Caroline C. , Tachie Rose-Marie , Cameranesi Margherita
Published: November 2017

The negative effects of exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on children have been well documented, including externalizing difficulties such as aggression. Although aggressive behavior is a common concern for these children, sibling aggression in children exposed to IPV has rarely been studied. Our purpose was to investigate similarities and differences in multiple informant reports of aggression by siblings exposed to IPV, and to examine how exposure to IPV was linked to these differing perspectives. Forty-seven sibling dyads and their mothers were recruited from the community. Aggression was assessed by observers, by mothers, and by the siblings themselves, whereas IPV was assessed by both maternal and child report. Informants had very differing views on aggression. Regression results indicated that children’s reports of their own exposure to IPV accounted for significant variance in observed aggression between siblings, as well as in the maternal reports of aggression by both siblings. Aggression did not vary by sibling age, sex, or age spacing. Results were discussed within a risk and resilience framework.
Stress and Health Outcomes: Do Meaningful Work and Physical Activity Help?
Authors: Lease Suzanne H. , Ingram Christina L. , Brown Emily L.
Published: November 2017

The negative effects of stress and burnout on mental and physical health are widely known, as are the beneficial effects of physical activity. While the organizational literature emphasizes the value of meaningful work for employers and employees alike, the stress-buffering role of meaningful work in combination with physical activity is not known. The present study examined the (a) mediating role of burnout in the relationships between perceived stress and health risk behaviors (i.e., poor diet, tobacco use, and alcohol use) and depressive symptoms and (b) moderating roles of meaningful work and physical activity on the relationships between perceived stress and health outcomes. Participants were 229 employed adults. Perceived stress predicted physical health risk behaviors and depressive symptoms, but the direct and indirect negative effects of stress were stronger when meaningful work scores were lower. Findings offer support for the development of interventions that include enhancing work meaningfulness.
Performance evaluation of regenerative braking systems
Authors: Wager Guido , Whale Jonathan , Braunl Thomas
Published: November 2017

This research evaluates the energy gain from a regenerative braking system (RBS) in a commercial electric vehicle (EV), the OEM Mitsubishi i-MiEV. Measurements were conducted in a controlled environment on a commercial chassis dynamometer using international drive cycle standards. The energy recovery of the vehicle was modelled and the output of the model was compared with results from the chassis dynamometer driving. The experiments were original as they coupled changes in energy recovered and driving range due to the RBS settings with investigations into the time of use of the friction brake. Performance tests used two different drive cycle speed profiles and various RBS settings to compare energy recovery performance for a broad range of driving styles. The results show that due to reduced energy consumption, the RBS increased the driving range by 11–22% depending on RBS settings and the drive cycle settings on the dynamometer. The results further showed that driving an EV with a RBS uses the friction brakes more efficiently, which will reduce brake pad wear. This has the potential to improve air quality due to reduced brake pad dust and reduces the maintenance costs of the vehicle. The findings were significant since they showed that friction time of use, a parameter neglected in RBS testing, plays an important part in the efficient operation of an EV. The overall results from the vehicle energy recovery modelling showed good agreement with the data from drive cycle testing and the model has potential to be further developed to gain greater insight into vehicle RBS braking behaviour for EVs in general.
Measurement of soot distribution in two cross-sections in a gasoline direct injection engine using laser-induced incandescence with the laser extinction method
Authors: Ma Xiao , Ma Yue , Zheng Liang , Li Yanfei , Wang Zhi , Shuai Shijin , Wang Jianxin
Published: November 2017

An approach based on regression was developed to reveal the soot volume fraction (SVF) distribution of a horizontal cross-section in an optically accessible gasoline direct injection engine, based on the quantitative data in vertical images from planar laser-induced incandescence, which was calibrated by the laser extinction method (LEM). The approach used the matching of the corresponding pixels in the vertical and the horizontal images to solve the problem of visible range that limited the use of the LEM in measuring SVFs of the horizontal plane. Local SVFs of as low as 0.05 ppm can be detected. Analysis of both the horizontal and vertical image results showed that the case of ϕa = 0.7 (equivalent air–fuel ratio) resulted in significantly rich soot regions with a peak SVF approximately three times higher than that of the case with ϕa = 0.8.
Computational fluid dynamics investigation of finding appropriate location of fluidic anti-icing protective panel on leading edge of wing
Authors: Afghari Mohammad Reza , Vaziry Mohammad Ali , Mostofizadeh Ali Reza
Published: November 2017

In this article, determination of protective panel limits of fluidic anti-icing system on leading edge of the high aspect ratio wing of a piston powered aircraft is studied numerically. Define surfaces of wing to be protected against ice accretion is the most important part of fluidic anti-icing system design. The first step of numerical code is devoted to flow field computation using control volume method. The second step is calculation of droplet’s trajectory and impingement characteristics using the Euler approach and, finally, ice shape and ice accretion rate are obtained using the messenger model. The code was used to obtain ice shape and droplets impingement limit in different sections of the wing and, as a result, protection panel geometry limits were determined, on the wing’s upper and lower surfaces. Also, by the introduced method in this work, ice formation is predicted on NACA0012 airfoil, and a good agreement was shown between predicted ice shape and experimental data. Finally, environmental and airflow parameters effect on the limitation of protective panel are obtained. The results indicated that only two parameters, liquid water content and exposure time have no effect on the panel limits.
Disturbance observer-based fault-tolerant attitude tracking control for rigid spacecraft with finite-time convergence
Authors: Zong Qun , Zhang Xiuyun , Shao Shikai , Tian Bailing , Liu Wenjing
Published: November 2017

In this paper, finite-time fault-tolerant attitude tracking control is investigated for rigid spacecraft system with external disturbances, inertia uncertainties and actuator faults. A novel finite-time disturbance observer combined with a nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is developed. Using an equivalent output error injection approach, a finite-time disturbance observer with simple structure is firstly designed to estimate lumped uncertainty. Then, to remove the requirement of prior knowledge about lumped uncertainty and reduce chattering, an adaptive finite-time disturbance observer is further proposed, and the estimations converge to the neighborhood of the true values. Based on the designed observer, a unified finite-time attitude controller is obtained automatically. Finally, both additive and multiplicative faults are considered for simulations and the results illustrate the great fault-tolerant capability of the proposed scheme.
Addressing geographic confounding through spatial propensity scores: a study of racial disparities in diabetes
Authors: Davis Melanie L , Neelon Brian , Nietert Paul J , Hunt Kelly J , Burgette Lane F. , Lawson Andrew B , Egede Leonard E
Published: November 2017

Motivated by a study exploring differences in glycemic control between non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white veterans with type 2 diabetes, we aim to address a type of confounding that arises in spatially referenced observational studies. Specifically, we develop a spatial doubly robust propensity score estimator to reduce bias associated with geographic confounding, which occurs when measured or unmeasured confounding factors vary by geographic location, leading to imbalanced group comparisons. We augment the doubly robust estimator with spatial random effects, which are assigned conditionally autoregressive priors to improve inferences by borrowing information across neighboring geographic regions. Through a series of simulations, we show that ignoring spatial variation results in increased absolute bias and mean squared error, while the spatial doubly robust estimator performs well under various levels of spatial heterogeneity and moderate sample sizes. In the motivating application, we construct three global estimates of the risk difference between race groups: an unadjusted estimate, a doubly robust estimate that adjusts only for patient-level information, and a hierarchical spatial doubly robust estimate. Results indicate a gradual reduction in the risk difference at each stage, with the inclusion of spatial random effects providing a 20% reduction compared to an estimate that ignores spatial heterogeneity. Smoothed maps indicate poor glycemic control across Alabama and southern Georgia, areas comprising the so-called “stroke belt.” These results suggest the need for community-specific interventions to target diabetes in geographic areas of greatest need.
A probability based method for selecting the optimal personalized treatment from multiple treatments
Authors: Siriwardhana Chathura , Zhao Meng , Datta Somnath , Kulasekera KB
Published: November 2017

In this work we propose a method for optimal treatment assignment based on individual covariate information for a patient. For the K treatment ([Formula: see text]) scenario, we compare quantities that are suitable surrogates to true conditional probabilities of outcome variable of each treatment dominating outcome variables for all other treatments conditional on patient specific scores constructed from patient-specific covariates. As opposed to methods based on conditional means, our method can be applied for a broad set of models and error structures. Furthermore, the proposed method has very desirable large sample properties. We suggest Single Index Models as appropriate models connecting outcome variables to covariates and our empirical investigations show that correct treatment assignments are highly accurate. The proposed method is also rather robust against departures from a Single Index Model structure. Furthermore, selection of a treatment using the proposed metric appears to incur no losses in terms of the average reward for cases when two treatments are close in terms of this metric. We also conduct a real data analysis to show the applicability of the proposed procedure. This analysis highlights possible gains both in terms of average response and survival time if one were to use the proposed method.
Luxury: Not for Consumption but Developing Extended Digital Self
Authors: Jain Varsha
Published: November 2017

Luxury consumption has grown exponentially across the globe. This growth was fuelled more by the emerging non-Western countries such as India. Consumers in this country are more tech savvy and are a new set of individuals who are totally different from the old, conventional consumers of the Western countries. These new individuals consume luxury to develop their digital self. Unfortunately, this area is not researched in the literature. This article fills this lacuna in extant literature. To address this issue, we comprehensively reviewed the current research from the area of luxury consumption, digital usage, digital self and subsequently developed a conceptual framework. This framework has three stages: individual that has interpersonal, power, symbolic and emotional needs; social dimension that is formulated and develops from the reference groups. Further, individuals develop the ‘we approach’ along with social groups. This approach is associated with strong ties, fortified nods, positive interactions and exclusivity. These elements lead to the development of digital self that provides happiness and pleasure to the individuals in terms of luxury consumption.
Information Spillover Between Crude Oil and Stock Markets: Evidence from Subsidy Cut for RON95 Fuel Price in Malaysia
Authors: You-How Go , Lai-Kwan Chin , Yoke-Chin Kuah , Chooi-Yi Wei
Published: November 2017

Malaysia has been enjoying fixed retail prices for research octane number (RON) 95 petrol and diesel as a form of subsidy from the government since 1983. As of December 2014, the pricing of RON95 and diesel officially went on a managed float mechanism. Therefore, this study examines how information on oil shocks is transmitted to FTSE Bursa Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Composite Index (FBM KLCI) upon the announcement of subsidy cut for RON95 fuel price on 2 October 2014. The sample period of September 2013–December 2014 is separated into the pre-announcement (3 September 2013–1 October 2014) and post-announcement (2 October 2014–28 November 2014) periods. Using the forecast error variance decomposition, the results indicate that Brent crude oil prices dominate information spillover during the post-announcement period. From the perspective of investors’ behaviour, this study suggests that investors’ sensitivity towards information on oil price is elevated by the announcement of subsidy cut and steers their consciousness towards information on oil prices in making decisions.
A divergent pseudoglandular configuration of cutaneous plasmacytoma in dogs
Authors: McHale Brittany , Blas-Machado Uriel , Oliveira Fabiano N. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: November 2017

Cutaneous and mucocutaneous plasmacytoma (PCT) is a common neoplasm of dogs. Tumors can be single or multiple and occur predominantly in the oral cavity, lip, ears, digits, and trunk. Although these tumors typically offer no diagnostic challenge for the pathologist, subsets of PCTs with atypical morphologic configurations may make differentiation from other neoplasms difficult. We describe 6 cases of canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCT with pseudoglandular arrangement of neoplastic cells. The mean age of affected dogs was 11.3 y, and multiple breeds and sites were affected. Histologically, neoplastic cells were arranged in sheets, packets, and pseudoglandular structures containing central accumulations of blood or eosinophilic material admixed with neoplastic cells and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Given the presence of pseudoglandular structures resembling neoplastic acini, epithelial neoplasia was occasionally included in the differential diagnosis. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for multiple myeloma oncogene 1 ( MUM-1) and immunonegative for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3. Canine cutaneous and mucocutaneous PCTs with pseudoglandular morphology may resemble epithelial neoplasia and raise questions about tumor histogenesis.
Applied Machine Learning Method to Predict Children With ADHD Using Prefrontal Cortex Activity: A Multicenter Study in Japan
Authors: Yasumura Akira , Omori Mikimasa , Fukuda Ayako , Takahashi Junichi , Yasumura Yukiko , Nakagawa Eiji , Koike Toshihide , Yamashita Yushiro , Miyajima Tasuku , Koeda Tatsuya , Aihara Masao , Tachimori Hisateru , Inagaki Masumi
Published: November 2017

Objective: To establish valid, objective biomarkers for ADHD using machine learning. Method: Machine learning was used to predict disorder severity from new brain function data, using a support vector machine (SVM). A multicenter approach was used to collect data for machine learning training, including behavioral and physiological indicators, age, and reverse Stroop task (RST) data from 108 children with ADHD and 108 typically developing (TD) children. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to quantify change in prefrontal cortex oxygenated hemoglobin during RST. Verification data were from 62 children with ADHD and 37 TD children from six facilities in Japan. Results: The SVM general performance results showed sensitivity of 88.71%, specificity of 83.78%, and an overall discrimination rate of 86.25%. Conclusion: A SVM using an objective index from RST may be useful as an auxiliary biomarker for diagnosis for children with ADHD.
Vibration behavior of visco-elastically coupled sandwich beams with magnetorheological core and three-phase carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite facesheets subjected to external magnetic field
Authors: Ghorbanpour Arani A , BabaAkbar Zarei H , Eskandari M , Pourmousa P
Published: November 2017

In the present research, modeling and vibration analysis of the double of sandwich beams which are coupled by visco-Pasternak medium are investigated. Also, this system is rested on Winkler foundation. Sandwich beams consist of magnetorheological core and carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite facesheets. The material properties of magnetorheological core are obtained using the experimental data available in literature. Halpin–Tsai model is utilized to determine the material properties of carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite facesheets. Hamilton principle is used to obtain the equations of motion of this system. Based on Navier’s method, a closed-form solution is presented for free vibration analysis of coupled magnetorheological sandwich beams under simply supported boundary conditions. The effects of various parameters such as core-to-facesheets thickness ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, magnetic field intensity, volume fractions of carbon nanotubes, and fibers and visco-Pasternak coefficients on the natural frequencies and loss factors of coupled system are discussed. The results show that the modal loss factor, unlike natural frequency, decreases by increasing magnetic field intensity. These findings can be used in design and manufacturing of sandwich structures.
Companion for the videography ‘Monstrous Organizing—The Dubstep Electronic Music Scene’
Authors: Hietanen Joel , Rokka Joonas
Published: November 2017

This companion essay contributes to video-based organizational research by critically assessing conventional representational modes of videographic practice and conceptualizing an ‘expressive’ ontology for videographic research. We offer an image of thought that foregrounds the creative and powerfully affective potential of both videographic work and spectatorship. To advance this perspective and to inspire future research, we present our videography (length 30 minutes) that integrates various ‘expressive’ elements in montage form. We use the film to scrutinize the potential of video-based research and several methodological considerations tied to it. In doing so, we argue that video-based organizing of research activities can be seen as ‘monstrous’, an entire emergent mode of aesthetic storytelling that comes into being not in ‘capturing’ or ‘recording’, but rather as an affective production of potentialities.
We have always been modern(ist): Temporality and the organisational management of ‘timeless’ iconic chairs
Authors: Gasparin Marta , Neyland Daniel
Published: November 2017

In organisation studies, objects have been analysed as actors that enable sense to be made of organisational reality. We expand on this literature by exploring the times of the modernist design firm through its iconic chairs, using archival and contemporary ethnography to study timeless design. We suggest that studies of organisational times that focus on selectivity in organisational memory or history can be augmented through a detailed study of the folding of pasts, presents and futures into objects. Furthermore, we advocate for the treatment of objects as material semiotic actors that participate in the construction of organisational times, with iconic chairs acting as disruptors of otherwise linear organisational times. As material semiotic actors, these objects do not enable a single organisational time, but instead participate in disrupting time, deny any possibility of a pure and linear form of time, continuing to provoke the organisation and its members.
Making the invisible visible in International Relations: Film, co-produced research and transnational feminism
Authors: Harman Sophie
Published: November 2017

How to make the invisible visible in a way that recognises the agency of the invisible is a question pertinent to feminist and decolonial method in International Relations. This article proposes a new method of research to explore this question: the co-production of a narrative feature film between an academic researcher, a film crew and a group of women from rural coastal Tanzania living below the international poverty line of US$2 a day. This project is the first use of narrative feature film as method in International Relations. The article situates film in the wider debate on feminist and visual method in IR before exploring the practice and politics of co-production of film as research method. In so doing, the article makes two key arguments. First, film offers a new method of research that translates the everyday experiences of the invisible to understandings of international politics and creates outputs that appeal to broad and diverse global audiences. Second, power relations are inherent and unavoidable in co-produced research; however, instead of closing down opportunities for collaboration, exploring the politics of such power relations opens up new ways of thinking about transnational feminism.
Care-ful definition of consent
Authors: Ilyes Emese
Published: November 2017

This proposal is an attempt to intervene in psychology’s violent past and troubling present by calling for notions of “care-ful” practice, compelling us to recognize and celebrate the permeable, porous, and flexible boundaries between bodies and selves. With this heuristic of care, this article hopes to trouble the separation between rigor and relational responsibility, to trouble objectivism, to oust the illusion of cool rationality, and to offer an affective understanding of consent that refuses to deny sexuality in bodies oppressed with the label of intellectually disabled.
Language choice and direct speech presentation in Kinyarwanda news articles
Authors: Gafaranga Joseph
Published: November 2017

Aims/objectives/purpose/research questions:

This paper investigates the issue of language choice in direct speech presentation (DS) in Kinyarwanda news articles. Two specific research questions are addressed: 1. What is the default medium of DS in these texts and how can it be accounted? 2. Can the default medium be deviated from and what functions does deviance serve?

Design/methodology/approach:

An inductive discourse analytic methodology.

Data and Analysis:

Data consist of instances of DS extracted from Kinyarwanda news texts published in two Rwandan news media blogs, namely Igihe and Umuseke.

Findings/conclusions:

Analysis of the data reveals that, in DS, the medium of the original discourse is incidental and that the default medium of DS is Kinyarwanda. In turn, this is interpreted as conforming to the general discourse organisation principle of preference for same medium discourse. Analysis also revealed that this medium can be deviated from either because of issues in the medium itself or in order to serve specific discourse-related functions. Finally, analysis revealed that, in each case, two options are available, namely to merely reproduce verbatim items from original speech and to enter them in translinguistic apposition structures. In the latter possibility, the direction of switch is found to be significant as, in the case of issues in the medium, switching typically takes the direction Kinyarwanda–non-Kinyarwanda, while, in the case of discourse-related functions, the typical direction of switching is reversed.

Originality/significance/implications:

Language choice in news texts, and in DS environments in particular, remains under-investigated. Therefore, this paper serves as a call for further investigations of this aspect of language use. Also, the study has practical implications for the training of media professionals in the context it has investigated.