bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Structural Estimation Approach to Study Agent Attrition
Authors: Emadi Seyed Morteza , Staats Bradley R.
Published: March 2020

Worker attrition is a costly and operationally disruptive challenge throughout the world. Although large bodies of research have documented drivers of attrition and the operational consequences of attrition, managers still lack an integrated approach to understanding attrition and making decisions to address it on a forward-going basis. To fill this need, we build a structural model that both captures the firm’s decision to terminate a worker’s employment (involuntary attrition) and uses an optimal stopping problem process to model a worker’s decision to leave the firm (voluntary attrition). We then estimate the parameters of the model and conduct counterfactual analyses on the population of 1,118 agents serving one client over 3 years for an Indian business process management company. Our model reveals a number of interesting findings. We find that supervisors have a strong impact on whether employees stay because they reshape the way that agents make their decisions. We also find that the impact of supervisors on agent attrition is more significant than the impact of salary. For example, increasing salary by 20% decreases the total attrition level by 5%. However, if agents were managed by the best supervisors, among those that manage similar agents, the attrition rate decreases by 10%. Altogether, our paper contributes to the burgeoning literature on people operations and managerial practice.

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Immigrants and Foreign Firm Performance
Authors: Hernandez Exequiel , Kulchina Elena
Published: March 2020

Studies have demonstrated that foreign firms locate where immigrants from their home countries reside and have suggested that doing so can improve performance. We argue that to properly assess how immigrants impact the performance of co-national firms, research must account for heterogeneity in how independent foreign firms (owned by individual foreigners) versus multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiaries (owned by a foreign corporate parent) benefit from immigrant communities. Independent firms have a greater need for resources from the immigrant community and depend more on their individual managers’ personal connections within the community to obtain such resources. Subsidiaries of MNCs can instead rely on the impersonal organizational resources of their parent firm (e.g., brand, reputation, channels) to access valuable immigrant community resources. Using data on foreign firms in Russia during 2006–2011, we find that immigrants improve the profitability of co-national independent firms only if they are managed by immigrant chief executive officers (CEOs), whereas co-national MNC subsidiaries profit from immigrants regardless of their CEOs’ nationality. Our study suggests that although organizations benefit from the resources of co-national immigrant communities in foreign markets, the means by which they activate them—personal or impersonal—systematically vary across different types of firms.
A Matheuristic with Fixed-Sequence Reoptimization for a Real-Life Inventory Routing Problem
Authors: He Yun , Artigues Christian , Briand Cyril , Jozefowiez Nicolas , Ngueveu Sandra Ulrich
Published: March 2020

This paper proposes a matheuristic for solving a real-life inventory routing problem introduced in the ROADEF/EURO Challenge 2016. The method integrates a fixed-sequence mathematical program, two randomized greedy algorithms, and a column-generation-based heuristic. In particular, the paper discusses the performance of the fixed-sequence mathematical program, which considers a fixed sequence of customer visits and aims at (re)optimizing partial solutions by modifying arrival times and delivered or loaded quantities. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm for the fixed-sequence subproblem is efficient as a postoptimization process and is even able to improve the best solutions obtained during the challenge.
Induction of labour—the debate
Authors: Spillane Emma
Published: March 2020

Rising rates of induction of labour are a concern amongst midwifery practitioners. Emma Spillane discusses the research and her views on this debated topic
Breaking the silence
Authors: Binnie Chris
Published: March 2020

The death of a baby is one of the most profoundly traumatic experiences a family can experience. Chris Binnie from Beyond Bea Charity discusses why accepting support is better than being silent
Exploring the experiences of student midwives completing the newborn infant physical examination: part 2
Authors: Meegan Samantha , Martin Toni
Published: March 2020

Background

This is the second part of a series of two papers which explores the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) within midwifery education in order to examine students' perspectives of the newborn infant physical examination (NIPE). Part one, featured in the British Journal of Midwifery volume 28, no 2, explains the background to the development of the study and explores the use of IPA within an emerging aspect of midwifery education. Part two of the series will present the research findings and implications for practice.

Objectives

This study aims to explore the experiences of student midwives completing the theory and practice aspects of the NIPE within a pre-registration midwifery programme.

Design

A qualitative design was utilised to analyse data collected by semi-structured interviews.

Setting

A large university in the West Midlands geographical area.

Participants

Five student midwives were purposively selected to participate in the study.

Methods

This study was conducted using IPA.

Findings

Three superordinate themes were generated: learning by doing, mentorship and transition to qualification. The findings demonstrate the significance of student midwives being exposed to the practical aspect of the NIPE during their training.

Conclusions

The study findings indicate that standardisation is required within preparation to undertake the NIPE within clinical practice. Higher educational institutes must also provide greater support with regards to the mentorship of student midwife NIPE practitioners. Further research should examine the maintenance of the NIPE role within newly qualified midwives.
Unmet need for family planning among Myanmar migrant women in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Thein Shwe Sabai , Thepthien Bang-on
Published: March 2020

Women migrating to different destinations may use, and be exposed to, different contraceptive behaviours. The unmet need for family planning can lead to a number of high-risk and high-parity births, thereby increasing maternal mortality. The study's objectives were to identify the prevalence of the unmet need for family planning and predictors for unmet need among Myanmar migrants. Data were collected from a survey of 360 Myanmar migrant women in Bangkok. Participating women's median age was 30 years. The prevalence of the unmet need for family planning was 15.8%. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of those in age group 36–45 years having an unmet need more so than the age group 18–25 years and 26–35 years was 2.52 (AOR–2.52, confidence interval [CI] 0.73–8.73); those with poor knowledge about family planning were three times more likely to have an unmet need for family planning than those with a good knowledge level (AOR–3.17, CI 1.30–7.68). The odds ratio of the respondents with an unmet need for family planning who were more dissatisfied with accessibility to family planning compared to those who were satisfied was twofold (AOR–2.05, CI 1.01–4.17) and fourfold for those who were unable to access a family planning outlet (AOR–4.17, CI 1.96–8.86). The findings of this study suggest that targeted interventions could not only increase knowledge and awareness of family planning, but also increase the visibility of sexual and reproductive healthcare services.
From one drama to another
Authors: Ladkin Rosie
Published: March 2020

Rosie Ladkin shares her experience changing careers from acting to midwifery, and although it was a tough decision at first, she has realised being a midwife was her calling all along
The political economy of Vermont’s anti-fracking movement
Authors: Scarcioffolo Alexandre R. , Shakya Shishir , Hall Joshua C.
Published: March 2020

In 2012, Vermont became the first state in the US to ban hydraulic fracturing for natural gas and oil production despite having zero known natural gas reserves. We evaluate the role of legislator and median voter characteristics on Vermont General Assembly voting outcomes on Act 152, which essentially bans fracking in the state. Using a double-selection post-Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator approach, we find evidence that campaign donations and being a member of the Democratic Party are positively related to voting to ban fracking. Median voter characteristics appear not to play an essential role in shaping legislator voting behaviour, corroborating the theory of expressive voting on the decision to ban fracking in Vermont.
Wide-field optical spectroscopy system integrating reflectance and spatial frequency domain imaging to measure attenuation-corrected intrinsic tissue fluorescence in radical prostatectomy specimens
Authors: Beaulieu Emile , Laurence Audrey , Birlea Mirela , Sheehy Guillaume , Angulo-Rodriguez Leticia , Latour Mathieu , Albadine Roula , Saad Fred , Trudel Dominique , Leblond Frédéric
Published: March 2020

The development of a multimodal optical imaging system is presented
that integrates endogenous fluorescence and diffuse reflectance
spectroscopy with single-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging
(SFDI) and surface profilometry. The system images specimens at
visible wavelengths with a spatial resolution of 70 µm, a field
of view of 25 cm2 and a depth of field of ∼1.5 cm.
The results of phantom experiments are presented demonstrating the
system retrieves absorption and reduced scattering coefficient maps
using SFDI with <6% reconstruction errors. A phase-shifting
profilometry technique is implemented and the resulting 3-D surface
used to compute a geometric correction ensuring optical properties
reconstruction errors are maintained to <6% in curved media
with height variations <20 mm. Combining SFDI-computed optical
properties with data from diffuse reflectance spectra is shown to
correct fluorescence using a model based on light transport in tissue
theory. The system is used to image a human prostate, demonstrating
its ability to distinguish prostatic tissue (anterior stroma,
hyperplasia, peripheral zone) from extra-prostatic tissue (urethra,
ejaculatory ducts, peri-prostatic tissue). These techniques could be
integrated in robotic-assisted surgical systems to enhance information
provided to surgeons and improve procedural accuracy by minimizing the
risk of damage to extra-prostatic tissue during radical prostatectomy
procedures and eventually detect residual cancer.
Helix rotation: luminance contrast controls the shift from two-dimensional to three-dimensional perception
Authors: Shapiro Arthur G. , LoPrete Anthony
Published: March 2020

We present the helix rotation phenomenon, an array of moving dots that creates a conflict between two potential perceptions: a 3D Pulfrich-like horizontal rotation and a low-spatial-frequency up-down motion. We show that observers perceive up-down motion when the dots are equiluminant with the background and when the display is blurred; that the addition of sparse luminance information to equiluminant and blurred displays produces 3D perception; and that the balance between the perception of 3D rotation and up-down motion depends on the magnitude of the luminance contrast. The results are discussed in terms of the luminance capture of equiluminant information.
Error tracking-control-reduction algorithm for designing diffractive optical element with high image reconstruction quality
Authors: Pang Yingfei , Wu Xiangdong , Pang Hui , Liu Liwei , Xue Li , Liu Wenjing , Shi Lifang , Cao Axiu , Deng Qiling
Published: March 2020

The use of the diffractive optical element (DOE) can often significantly reduce the size and enhance the performance of the optical system, but it is mostly prevented by low diffraction efficiency and serious speckle noise due to the quantization error. In this paper, an error tracking-control-reduction (ETCR) algorithm is proposed to suppress the quantization error, which adjusts the accumulative action, controls the current state and predicts the trend of the error. The simulation and experiment results verify that the ETCR algorithm has high diffraction efficiency which can be comparable with the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) and Modified GS algorithms. Furthermore, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the proposed algorithm is significantly lower than that of the GS and MGS algorithms. Based on the proposed method, a 2-level DOE has been designed and fabricated to generate several grey images with only 0.05 RMSE.
MHz-repetition-rate, sub-mW, multi-octave THz wave generation in HMQ-TMS
Authors: Buchmann Tobias Olaf , Kelleher Edmund J. R. , Kaltenecker Korbinian J. , Zhou Binbin , Lee Seung-Heon , Kwon O-Pil , Jazbinsek Mojca , Rotermund Fabian , Jepsen Peter Uhd
Published: March 2020

We demonstrate the first megahertz (MHz) repetition-rate, broadband terahertz (THz) source based on optical rectification in the organic crystal HMQ-TMS driven by a femtosecond Yb:fibre laser. Pumping at 1035 nm with 30 fs pulses, we achieve few-cycle THz emission with a smooth multi-octave spectrum that extends up to 6 THz at -30 dB, with conversion efficiencies reaching 10−4 and an average output power of up to 0.38 mW. We assess the thermal damage limit of the crystal and conclude a maximum fluence of ∼1.8 mJ·cm−2 at 10 MHz with a 1/e2 pump beam diameter of 0.10 mm. We compare the performance of HMQ-TMS with the prototypical inorganic crystal gallium phosphide (GaP), yielding a tenfold electric field increase with a peak on-axis field strength of 7 kV·cm−1 and almost double the THz bandwidth. Our results further demonstrate the suitability of organic crystals in combination with fibre lasers for repetition-rate scaling of broadband, high-power THz sources for time-domain spectroscopic applications.
Improving axial resolution of Bessel beam light-sheet fluorescence microscopy by photobleaching imprinting
Authors: Xiong Bo , Han Xiaofei , Wu Jiamin , Xie Hao , Dai Qionghai
Published: March 2020

Light-sheet microscopy has been widely used in high-speed fluorescence imaging with low phototoxicity, while the trade-off between the field-of-view and optical sectioning capability limits its application in large-scale imaging. Although Bessel beam light-sheet microscopy greatly enhances the light-sheet length with the self-healing ability, it suffers from the strong side-lobe effect. To solve these problems, we introduce the photobleaching imprinting technique in Bessel beam light-sheet microscopy. By extracting the non-linear photobleaching-induced fluorescence decay, we get rid of the large concentric side lobe structures of the Bessel beam to achieve uniform isotropic resolution across a large field-of-view for large-scale fluorescence imaging. Both numerical simulations and experimental results on various samples are demonstrated to show our enhanced resolution and contrast over traditional Bessel-beam light-sheet microscopy.
100  MHz frequency comb for low-intensity multi-photon studies: intra-cavity velocity-map imaging of xenon
Authors: Nauta J. , Oelmann J.-H. , Ackermann A. , Knauer P. , Pappenberger R. , Borodin A. , Muhammad I. S. , Ledwa H. , Pfeifer T. , Crespo López-Urrutia J. R.
Published: March 2020

We raise the power from a commercial 10 W frequency comb inside an enhancement cavity and perform multi-photon ionization of gas-phase atoms at 100 MHz for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. An intra-cavity velocity-map-imaging setup collects electron-energy spectra of xenon at rates several orders of magnitude higher than those of conventional laser systems. Consequently, we can use much lower intensities

∼

10

12

W

/

c
m

2

without increasing acquisition times above just a few seconds. The high rate and coherence of the stabilized femtosecond pulses are known to be transferred to the actively stabilized cavity and will allow studying purely perturbative multi-photon effects, paving the road towards a new field of precision tests in nonlinear physics.
Estudio transversal de medición de la composición corporal en pacientes con cáncer mediante antropometría y técnicas de imagen médica
Authors: Muresan Bianca Tabita , Sánchez Juan Carlos , Artero Ana , Montoro Alegría , Hernández Machancoses Ana , Ruiz Berjaga Yesica , Ríos Ríos Jaime , Soriano del Castillo José Miguel , Sebastià Fabregat Natividad , Prieto Colodrero Nieves , López - Torrecilla José
Published: March 2020

Introducción: Analizar la composición corporal tanto mediante técnicas antropométricas y parámetros bioquímicos clásicos, como mediante técnicas modernas utilizando tomografía computarizada (TC), en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia.Metodología: Se analizaron de forma retrospectiva 22 pacientes con diversos tumores del aparato digestivo, que fueron sometidos al TC de planificación antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia, y que disponían de un corte axial en la tercera vértebra lumbar. Para analizar la composición corporal, se determinaron tanto parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos clásicos, como la determinación de la masa muscular mediante Unidades Hounsfield (UH).Resultados: En cuanto a las características antropométricas clásicas, el peso medio fue 65,19 (±12,72) Kg, IMC 23,74 (± 5,03) kg/m2, %pp 15,84 (±10,87) %, PT 9,73 (± 5,08) mm y CMB 22,81 (± 2,95) cm. En cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, la hipoalbuminemia estuvo presente en el 63,45% de los casos. Por otro lado, la medición de composición corporal mediante técnicas modernas, determinó un promedio de circunferencia de cintura de 99,06 (±13,38) cm, MM de 119,41 (±35,54) cm2, y la media del IME fue de 71,50 (±20.57) cm2/m2; estando por debajo de la normalidad en el 13,64% de los pacientes.Conclusiones: Las nuevas técnicas por imagen basadas en cortes TC, pueden incluirse en la rutina diaria del paciente oncológico como información adicional a los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos más clásicos, por ser una técnica sencilla de realizar, con bajo coste, reproducible y muy fiable en cuanto a determinación de composición corporal.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Systemic Adverse Events After Screening or Primary Diagnostic Colonoscopy: A Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Laanani Moussa , Weill Alain , Carbonnel Franck , Pouchot Jacques , Coste Joël
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

To estimate the systemic serious adverse event (SAE) rates after colonoscopy and to identify their risk factors.

METHODS:

A nationwide cohort study was conducted using the comprehensive French claims databases SNDS (National Health Data System). Patients aged 30 years and over who underwent a first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in 2010–2015 were included. The rates of cardiovascular and renal SAEs were estimated within 5 days after colonoscopy. The standardized incidence ratios were calculated to compare these incidence rates with those of the same events in the general population, and the associated risk factors were assessed by multilevel logistic regression.

RESULTS:

Among the 4,088,799 included patients (median age, 59 years [interquartile range = 50–67]; 55.2% women; 30.1% with a Charlson index score ≤1), the 5-day SAE incidence rate was 2.8/10,000 procedures for shock, 0.87/10,000 for myocardial infarction, 1.9/10,000 for stroke, 2.9/10,000 for pulmonary embolism, 5.5/10,000 for acute renal failure, and 3.3/10,000 for urolithiasis. These SAEs occurred 3.3 to 15.8 times more often during the first 5 days after colonoscopy than expected in the general population. Thirty-day mortality rates ranged from 2.2/1,000 cases of urolithiasis to 268.1/1,000 cases of shock. Increasing age was associated with an increasing incidence of SAEs. Risks of shock and acute renal failure were associated with a greater number of comorbidities than the other SAEs. Colonoscopies in university hospitals were associated with higher risks, reflecting patient selection processes.

DISCUSSION:

The systemic SAEs can be associated with a substantial mortality. They should be taken into account when deciding colonoscopy, in addition to perforation and bleeding, particularly in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities.
Positive Hepatitis B Core Antibody Is Associated With Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Chan Ting Ting , Chan Wah Kheong , Wong Grace Lai-Hung , Chan Anthony Wing-Hung , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Chan Stephen Lam , Chong Charing Ching-Ning , Mahadeva Sanjiv , Shu Sally She-Ting , Lai Paul Bo-San , Chan Henry Lik-Yuen , Wong Vincent Wai-Sun
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Previous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. We aim to study the impact of previous HBV infection on the severity and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

METHODS:

This was a multicenter study of 489 patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 69 patients with NAFLD-related or cryptogenic HCC. Antihepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) was used to detect the previous HBV infection.

RESULTS:

In the biopsy cohort, positive anti-HBc was associated with lower steatosis grade but higher fibrosis stage. 18.8% and 7.5% of patients with positive and negative anti-HBc had cirrhosis, respectively (P < 0.001). The association between anti-HBc and cirrhosis remained significant after adjusting for age and metabolic factors (adjusted odds ratio 2.232; 95% confidence interval, 1.202–4.147). At a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, patients with positive anti-HBc had a higher incidence of HCC or cirrhotic complications (6.5% vs 2.2%; P = 0.039). Among patients with NAFLD-related or cryptogenic HCC, 73.9% had positive anti-HBc. None of the patients had positive serum HBV DNA. By contrast, antihepatitis B surface antibody did not correlate with histological severity.

DISCUSSION:

Positive anti-HBc is associated with cirrhosis and possibly HCC and cirrhotic complications in patients with NAFLD. Because a significant proportion of NAFLD-related HCC may develop in noncirrhotic patients, future studies should define the role of anti-HBc in selecting noncirrhotic patients with NAFLD for HCC surveillance.
Acute Effect of High-Intensity Interval Versus Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on Blood Pressure and Arterial Compliance in Middle-Aged and Older Hypertensive Women With Increased Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Costa Eduardo C. , Kent David E. , Boreskie Kevin F. , Hay Jacqueline L. , Kehler Dustin S. , Edye-Mazowita Alex , Nugent Kristina , Papadopoulos Josaphine , Stammers Andrew N. , Oldfield Chris , Arora Rakesh C. , Browne Rodrigo A.V. , Duhamel Todd A.
Published: March 2020

Costa, EC, Kent, DE, Boreskie, KF, Hay, JL, Kehler, DS, Edye-Mazowita, A, Nugent, K, Papadopoulos, J, Stammers, AN, Oldfield, C, Arora, RC, Browne, RAV, and Duhamel, TA. Acute effect of high-intensity interval versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise on blood pressure and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older hypertensive women with increased arterial stiffness. J Strength Cond Res 34(5): 1307–1316, 2020—Hypertension and arterial stiffness are common in middle-aged and older women. This study compared the acute effect of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) on blood pressure (BP) and arterial compliance in middle-aged and older hypertensive women with increased arterial stiffness. Nineteen women (67.6 ± 4.7 years) participated in this randomized controlled crossover trial. Subjects completed a control, MICE (30 minutes at 50–55% of heart rate reserve [HRR]), and HIIE (10 × 1 minute at 80–85% of HRR, 2 minutes at 40–45% of HRR) session in random order. Blood pressure and large and small arterial compliance (radial artery pulse wave analysis) were measured at baseline and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after sessions. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Systolic BP was reduced in ∼10 mm Hg after MICE at 30 minutes and after HIIE at all time points (30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes) after exercise compared with the control session (p < 0.05). Only HIIE showed lower systolic BP levels at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after exercise compared with the control session (∼10 mm Hg; p < 0.05). No changes were observed in diastolic BP, or in large and small arterial compliance (p > 0.05). High-intensity interval exercise elicited a longer systolic postexercise hypotension than MICE compared with the control condition, despite the absence of acute modifications in large and small arterial compliance.
Neural Isolation of the Olfactory Bulbs Severely Impairs Taste-Guided Behavior to Normally Preferred, But Not Avoided, Stimuli
Authors: Inui-Yamamoto Chizuko , Blonde Ginger D. , Schmid Fabienne , Mariotti Lauren , Campora Matias , Inui Tadashi , Schier Lindsey A. , Spector Alan C.
Published: March 2020

Here we systematically tested the hypothesis that motivated behavioral responsiveness to preferred and avoided taste compounds is relatively independent of the olfactory system in mice whose olfactory bulbs (main and accessory) were surgically disconnected from the rest of the brain [bulbotomy (BULBx)]. BULBx was confirmed histologically as well as functionally with the buried food test. In brief access taste tests, animals received 10-s trials of various concentrations of a taste compound delivered quasirandomly. BULBx C57BL/6 (B6) mice displayed severely blunted concentration-dependent licking for the disaccharide sucrose, the maltodextrin Maltrin, and the fat emulsion Intralipid relative to their sham-operated controls (SHAM B6). Licking for the noncaloric sweetener saccharin was also blunted by bulbotomy, but less so. As expected, mice lacking a functional “sweet” receptor [T1R2+T1R3 knockout (KO)] displayed concentration-dependent responsiveness to Maltrin and severely attenuated licking to sucrose. Like in B6 mice, responsiveness to both stimuli was exceptionally curtailed by bulbotomy. In contrast to these deficits in taste-guided behavior for unconditionally preferred stimuli, BULBx in B6 and KO mice did not alter concentration-dependent decreases for the representative avoided stimuli quinine and citric acid. Nor did it temper the intake of and preference for high concentrations of affectively positive stimuli when presented in long-term (23-h) two-bottle tests, demonstrating that the surgery does not lead to a generalized motivational deficit. Collectively, these behavioral results demonstrate that specific aspects of taste-guided ingestive motivation are profoundly disturbed by eliminating the anatomic connections between the main/accessory olfactory bulbs and the rest of the brain.
Prohibitin S-Nitrosylation Is Required for the Neuroprotective Effect of Nitric Oxide in Neuronal Cultures
Authors: Qu Youyang , Konrad Csaba , Anderson Corey , Qian Liping , Yin Tina , Manfredi Giovanni , Iadecola Costantino , Zhou Ping
Published: March 2020

Prohibitin (PHB) is a critical protein involved in many cellular activities. In brain, PHB resides in mitochondria, where it forms a large protein complex with PHB2 in the inner TFmembrane, which serves as a scaffolding platform for proteins involved in mitochondrial structural and functional integrity. PHB overexpression at moderate levels provides neuroprotection in experimental brain injury models. In addition, PHB expression is involved in ischemic preconditioning, as its expression is enhanced in preconditioning paradigms. However, the mechanisms of PHB functional regulation are still unknown. Observations that nitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in ischemia preconditioning compelled us to postulate that the neuroprotective effect of PHB could be regulated by NO. Here, we test this hypothesis in a neuronal model of ischemia–reperfusion injury and show that NO and PHB are mutually required for neuronal resilience against oxygen and glucose deprivation stress. Further, we demonstrate that NO post-translationally modifies PHB through protein S-nitrosylation and regulates PHB neuroprotective function, in a nitric oxide synthase-dependent manner. These results uncover the mechanisms of a previously unrecognized form of molecular regulation of PHB that underlies its neuroprotective function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTProhibitin (PHB) is a critical mitochondrial protein that exerts a potent neuroprotective effect when mildly upregulated in mice. However, how the neuroprotective function of PHB is regulated is still unknown. Here, we demonstrate a novel regulatory mechanism for PHB that involves nitric oxide (NO) and shows that PHB and NO interact directly, resulting in protein S-nitrosylation on residue Cys69of PHB. We further show that nitrosylation of PHB may be essential for its ability to preserve neuronal viability under hypoxic stress. Thus, our study reveals a previously unknown mechanism of functional regulation of PHB that has potential therapeutic implications for neurologic disorders.
Kritik Al-Ghazali Terhadap Aliran Bathiniyah Terkait Konflik Politik Sunni dan Syiah di Panggung Sejarah
Authors: Yakin Syamsul
Published: March 2020

Respons aliran Bathiniyah terhadap kritik al-Ghazali bersumber dari karya polemik al-Ghazali, yaitu Fadhāih al-Bāthiniyyah wa Fadhāil al-Mustazhiriyyah. Karya al-Ghazali ini mendapat respons secara historis-kritis dari kalangan pendukung aliran Bathiniyah atau Syiah Ismailiyah, simpatisan, maupun para ilmuan. Terkait dengan penamaan Bathiniyah, misalnya, al-Ghazali dipandang kurang memahami konteks sosio-historis pada masanya. Karena jika yang dimaksud al-Ghazali adalah al-Bathiniyah, maka itu berarti bukan Ismailiyah. Alasannya, pada saat al-Ghazali menulis karya polemiknya, Ismailiyah di Iran di kenal dengan istilah al-Da’wah al-Hadiyah. Artikel ini selain menyajikan kritik al-Ghazali juga memberikan gambaran tentang respons balik aliran Bathiniyah. Karya al-Ghazali menuai kritik karena ditulis untuk merespons permintaan Khalifah Abbasiyah yang masih muda usia, yakni al-Mustazhir. Dia meminta al-Ghazali untuk mengarang sebuah buku dengan menggunakan dasar kekeliruan Syiah Ismailiyah atau aliran Bathiniyah. Bagi al-Ghazali, kampanye secara literar ini dilakukannya juga untuk membela kesultanan Saljuk yang Sunni yang terancan oleh aliran yang dibawa oleh Hasan al-Sabah tersebut. Tampaknya al-Ghazali ingin mengkompromikan Abbasiyah dan Saljuk yang keduanya Sunni untuk bersama-sama melawan aliran Bathiniyah yang Syiah.
Análisis de las necesidades y uso de servicios de atención en salud mental en Colombia
Authors: Zamora-Rondón Diana Carolina , Suarez-Acevedo Daniel Enrique , Bernal-Acevedo Oscar Alberto
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Analizar la relación existente entre la necesidad de atención y el uso de los servicios de salud mental en ColombiaMetodología Se comparó la prevalencia de trastornos mentales según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental (ENSM-2015) y el registro de pacientes atendidos con diagnóstico de trastorno mental o del comportamiento en el Sistema Integral de Información (SISPRO-2013) la cual contiene los registros individuales de prestación de servicios de salud (RIPS) de todas las personas que acudieron al sistema de salud en un año.Resultados La prevalencia de enfermedades mentales estimada según la ENSM para la población colombiana mayor de siete años fue de 4,02% y la prevalencia de atención obtenida del SISPRO fue de 1,56%. Esto indica que el porcentaje de población que no está recibiendo atención en el sistema de salud es del 61,1%. De 1 695 726 personas con trastorno mental tan solo se atiende el 38,9%.Conclusiones La mayoría de las personas con trastornos mentales en el país no reciben atención en el sistema de salud.
Percepción de felicidad relacionada con la familia a lo largo de la vida en Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: González-Quiñones Juan Carlos , Restrepo-Chavarriaga Guillermo León , Pinzón-Ramírez Jenny Alexandra , Mejía de Díaz María Arnolda , Ayala Méndez Camilo
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Demostrar la relación entre felicidad y funcionalidad familiar con el fin de promover las relaciones familiares y, con ello, la salud biopsicosocial.Materiales y Metodos Estudio descriptivo transversal. A lo largo de tres años se aplicó un cuestionario a 8 885 personas de Bogotá, escogidas por conveniencia. Se dividió la población entre los que afirmaron estar felices y quienes dijeron sentirse tristes al momento de realizar la encuesta. Como variables explicativas se indagaron el género, la edad, el estrato, la funcionalidad (usando el APGAR familiar) y la estructura familiar (miembros con los que se convive) y la red de apoyo. Se obtuvieron los Odss Ratio y los resultados significativos se sometieron al proceso de regresión.Resultados El análisis de regresión logística de las razones de riesgo mostró que la percepción de felicidad disminuye con la edad (60 y más años versus 7 a 10 años, OR 0,09 IC95% 0,03-0,26); que hay una asociación significativa más fuerte con la funcionalidad (disfunción severa versus funcionalidad normal, OR 0,05 IC95% 0,03-0,08) que con la estructura familiar (hogar extenso versus nuclear, OR 0,60 IC95% 0,37-0,96) y que la felicidad se relaciona con las redes de apoyo (red baja versus red alta, OR 0,52 IC95% 0,31-0,88).Conclusión Está investigación confirma la importancia de la familia en la percepción de la felicidad, sentimiento considerado como referente de salud. Con base en esto, resulta clave fortalecer la convivencia familiar para promover la salud de las personas.
Validación del Perfil de Estrés de Nowack en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: De la Roca-Chiapas José María , Reyes-Pérez Verónica , Huerta-Lépez Eduardo , Acosta-Gómez María G. , Nowack Kenneth , Colunga-Rodriguez Cecilia
Published: March 2020

Objetivos a. Adaptar y validar el “Perfil de Estrés” para la población mexicana; b. Determinar la proporción de varianza que el instrumento es capaz de explicar de los datos originales a partir de un modelo factorial; c. Agrupar las variables en los factores en donde saturan con mayor claridad; d. Evaluar la validez de contenido del instrumento, y; e. Evaluar la consistencia interna del instrumento.Método La muestra de validación estuvo compuesta por 883 participantes, 58.3% mujeres y 41.7% hombres, con edades entre 15 y 76 años (M=21.40, DE=10.02). Para verificar la validez psicométrica de la escala se llevaron a cabo el procedimiento propuesto por Reyes-Lagunes y García-Barragán (2008), el cual consta de los siguientes pasos: a. Frecuencia incluyendo sesgo para la selección de reactivos; b. Discriminación de reactivos para grupos extremos con base en el cual se eliminarán los que no cumplen con el requisito; c. Confiabilidad interna, y; d. Validez.Resultados El “Perfil de Estrés” presenta características psicométricas adecuadas para la población mexicana (alfa de Cronbach de 0.65 a 0.93).Conclusión El “Perfil de estrés” fue adaptado y validado para la cultura mexicana. Se considera que se trata de un instrumento útil para estudios que se propongan evaluar los factores asociados con el estrés en general, incluyendo los hábitos de salud, los estilos de afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico das fissuras orofaciais em um centro de referência do nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Rios-Moura Jamille , Eufrázio do Nascimento Andrade Ana Paula , Lima-Da Silva Carlos Alberto , De Andrade Santos Pedro Paulo , Souza-Freitas Valéria , Costa-Das Mercês Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Objetivo Descrever o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais, atendidos em um Centro de Referência do Nordeste do Brasil.Métodos Estudo descritivo, baseado em dados secundários de prontuários médicos. Informações sociodemográficas do portador e da mãe, uso de medicamentos durante a gestação, aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos relacionados às fissuras, histórico familiar da malformação e consanguinidade dos pais foram investigadas. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente, com o uso do programa estatístico SPSS (Statistical Package for te Social Sciences), no qual foram obtidas medidas de frequência, média e desvio padrão.Resultados 51,1% dos portadores de fissuras orofaciais eram do sexo feminino, 46,2% menores de um ano e 54,4% eram procedentes na zona urbana. A maioria das mães encontrava-se na faixa etária entre 16 a 25 anos durante o período gestacional e relatou uso de medicação em 59,2% dos casos. A fissura transforame incisivo foi a mais diagnosticada (34,4%). No momento de cadastro ao Centro de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, 90,5% dos indivíduos ainda não haviam realizado tratamento cirúrgico. História familiar de fissura foi observada em 29,8% dos casos estudados e em apenas 7,1% desses foi reportado consanguinidade entre os pais.Conclusão Os fatores socioeconômicos e genéticos podem exercer influência sobre o desenvolvimento de fissuras orofaciais, o que exige uma maior atenção governamentalassim como novos estudos para melhor investigação.
Análise estratégica do Projeto QualiSUS-Rede: contribuições para avaliação em saúde pública
Authors: Oliveira Margarete Martins de , Shimizu Helena Eri , Santos Elizabeth Moreira dos , Silva Everton Nunes da
Published: March 2020

RESUMO O QualiSUS-Rede buscou qualificar a atenção e a gestão em saúde via organização das redes de atenção. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o processo de formulação e implementação do QualiSUS-Rede relacionado à gestão. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, de base documental. Fez-se uso da análise estratégica, considerando suas três dimensões: pertinência do problema priorizado; pertinência do objetivo e das soluções propostas; pertinência das parcerias. Aplicou-se a análise estratégica de forma hibridizada com a teoria de mudança em seus três eixos: cadeia de efeitos e seus condicionantes, modo de funcionamento e as interações entre os atores. Elaborou-se a linha do tempo do QualiSUS-Rede, identificando os eventos críticos. Como resultado, verificou-se que o QualiSUS-Rede obteve pertinência nas três dimensões da análise estratégica. No entanto, as evidências apontam que, em intervenções futuras, os seguintes aspectos precisam ser observados: i) a agilização dos tempos institucionais; ii) a fragilidade do modelo institucional de monitoramento e avaliação; e iii) dificuldade das instâncias envolvidas com a gestão de riscos, especialmente daqueles originários das transições governamentais. O uso de múltiplas estratégias metodológicas, com base na teoria da intervenção, considerando a cadeia de efeitos e causalidades, mostrou-se potente para explicitar a teoria e o modelo de gestão no QualiSUS-Rede.
Contexto rural e a reabilitação profissional em uma região do Vale do Ribeira
Authors: Zavarizzi Camilla de Paula , Simas José Martim Marques , Santos Luiza Fabro dos , Alencar Maria do Carmo Baracho de
Published: March 2020

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar o perfil sociodemográfico, de trabalho e saúde, de trabalhadores de uma região de Registro (SP), localizada no Vale do Ribeira, e identificar as barreiras e os facilitadores no processo de reabilitação profissional do Instituto Nacional de Seguridade Social (INSS), de segurados dessa região. Métodos: Duas etapas: (1) Foi obtida uma listagem de trabalhadores junto à Estratégia Saúde da Família de bairros rurais do município de Registro (SP), e aplicou-se, sob forma de entrevista, um questionário com dados sociodemográficos, de trabalho e saúde. (2) Posteriormente, foram identificados dois profissionais de referência do INSS, que atuavam na sede dessa região e, ainda, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais para análise de conteúdo temático. Resultados: Com relação ao perfil dos sujeitos, a maioria dos trabalhadores atuava em plantações de banana, morava nas fazendas, tinha baixa escolaridade; todos refeririam sintomas osteomusculares, entre outros. Nas entrevistas com os profissionais de referência do INSS, foi possível observar, entre as principais barreiras para a reabilitação profissional encontradas: o perfil dos segurados da região rural com baixa escolaridade, com dificuldades em transporte, poucos cursos ofertados, e a avaliação do médico perito com base no modelo biomédico, com sofrimento e injustiças. Entre os facilitadores: o acolhimento dos profissionais de referência assistentes sociais, o vínculo estabelecido e a empatia. Conclusão: Há necessidade de políticas públicas que possam garantir os direitos dos trabalhadores e promovam melhorias no modelo atual de reabilitação profissional.
Alimento ou mercadoria? Indicadores de autossuficiência alimentar em territórios do agronegócio, Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Corrêa Marcia Leopoldina Montanari , Pignati Wanderlei Antônio , Pignatti Marta Gislene , Machado Jorge Mesquita Huet , Lima Francco Antonio Neri de Souza e
Published: March 2020

RESUMO O uso da terra para produção de commodities agrícolas em municípios do agronegócio mato-grossense vem ocupando espaço de produção de alimentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar e discutir um indicador composto de avaliação da autossuficiência na produção de alimentos em interface com as implicações do modelo produtivo do agronegócio, na perspectiva da soberania alimentar dos territórios, baseado no estudo de caso realizado nos municípios de Campos de Júlio, Sapezal e Campo Novo dos Parecis. Os dados socioeconômicos foram levantados a partir do Censo Demográfico do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE/2010, Perfil dos Estados e dos Municípios Brasileiros/IBGE, 2014, e Censo Agropecuário de 2006. Para levantamento de produção, utilizaram-se dados disponíveis no Sistema IBGE de Recuperação Automática (Sidra) para o ano de 2016. Obtiveram-se informações acerca de área plantada das culturas de algodão, arroz, banana, café, cana-de-açúcar, citrus, feijão, girassol, milho, soja, tomate. Foram realizadas entrevistas com trabalhadores rurais e horticultores. A partir dos dados, foram elaborados indicadores compostos para a proposição de uma escala de autossuficiência alimentar nos territórios estudados. Os resultados apontam para desigualdades na ocupação dos territórios, dependência de alimentos de outras regiões e aumento do uso de agrotóxicos como consequência do modelo de produção adotado, afetando a produção local de alimentos.
Um olhar sobre o Complexo Econômico Industrial da Saúde e a Pesquisa Translacional
Authors: Felipe Maria Sueli Soares , Rezende Kellen Santos , Rosa Mário Fabrício Fleury , Gadelha Carlos Augusto Grabois
Published: March 2020

RESUMO O conceito do Complexo Econômico Industrial da Saúde se inter-relaciona com o conceito de Pesquisa Translacional na medida em que aproxima o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico do sistema acadêmico produtivo à utilização do conhecimento pela sociedade. Amplia-se o conceito tradicional da ‘hélice tríplice’ para incluir o uso social da inovação, proporcionando resultados concretos para o setor saúde. Nesta concepção ampliada, a dimensão translacional foi privilegiada: a necessidade de formação da agenda estratégica de plataformas tecnológicas, a indução de especialização em instituições de ciência e tecnologia, a transformação de transferência de tecnologia em capacidade de inovação com resultados para acesso universal no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). A Pesquisa Translacional inclui em uma mesma estratégia o conhecimento e a produção de bens e serviços necessários à saúde e ao bem-estar, assim como o acesso da sociedade a eles, articulando o contexto do desenvolvimento científico, acadêmico e industrial no País. Este trabalho procura explicitar o referencial conceitual, ou seja: reduzir a vulnerabilidade em saúde, permitindo que o conhecimento chegue ao cidadão e que marque a própria agenda de pesquisa e de inovação.
Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde: o que mostram as publicações
Authors: Silva Cinthia Alves da , Dalbello-Araujo Maristela
Published: March 2020

RESUMO O artigo aborda o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde (PRMS), através da revisão bibliográfica de 25 artigos, publicados entre 2010 e 2015. A maioria dos artigos vem da região Sudeste do Brasil, foi publicada em 2015 e é fruto de dissertações e teses. Os artigos confirmam a hegemonia do modelo biomédico na saúde e a precarização das condições de trabalho e estrutura dos serviços, fatores que impactam as relações estabelecidas entre residentes e demais trabalhadores, produzindo inúmeros questionamentos sobre a formação e a prática profissional através dos PRMS. É importante dizer que as estratégias para enfrentamento dessas problemáticas e para transformação da realidade também são destacadas nos artigos, evidenciando confiança nas potencialidades dos PRMS e do SUS como política pública e direito a ser defendido.
Uma experiência de uso do georreferenciamento e do mapeamento no processo de territorialização na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Camargos Melina Alves de , Oliver Fátima Corrêa
Published: March 2020

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo relatar a experiência do uso de ferramentas que instrumentalizam o processo de territorialização na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Como recursos metodológicos para nortear a inserção e apreensão das situações problema foram utilizados a observação participante e o diário de campo. A inserção junto ao Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica propiciou a apreensão das problemáticas, e, com isso, optou-se por desenvolver mapeamento e georreferenciamento a fim de colaborar com o processo de territorialização da unidade, visibilização de serviços e populações. O processo de territorialização, que está para além de incumbências burocráticas, demonstrou ser um desafio para os profissionais. Foi possível construir ferramentas junto às equipes da Unidade Básica de Saúde em questão, que pode ser norte para outras equipes e equipamentos de saúde.
Histopathological studies of red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, (Olivier) larvae and adults to evaluate certain nano pesticides
Authors: El-Fattah A. Y. Abd , El-Wahab A. S. Abd , Jamal Z. A. , El-Helaly A. A.
Published: March 2020

Abstract Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW) (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most destructive pest of palm according to dozens of literature, a lot of effort have been made since three decades up to date to solve this problem, one of newest solution raised is using nano pesticides. Imidacloprid and Chloropyrophos and their nano form were tested against 10 days-old larvae and newly emerged adults of the red palm weevil. The pesticides had toxicological and pathological effects on Rh. ferrugineus larvae and adults. The toxicity effect of nano chloropyrophos was more than others. The damage included vaculation of cytoplasm, analyzes and destroyed nuclei of the epithelial cells. The larvae were more sensitive in the total damages in comparison with adults. This investigation is the first record to the histopathological effects of nano pesticides.