bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Locked intramedullary nailing technique of the femur without brilliance amplifier at the trauma and orthopedics department of the university hospital of peace series on 35 cases during 1 year
Authors: Hendrick Augustin Delange , Pharol Almenord , Clifford PG Khawly , Delange Augustin , Woolley Pierre Marie
Published: November 2021

Femoral fractures increase the length of hospital stay for our patients for several reasons such as lack of blood, economic resources, and lack of infrastructure. The use of a C-arm has been shown to reduce patient morbidity due to early functional recovery and reduced hospital stay. Objective: To develop an intramedullary nailing technique without c-arm with a closed focus to reduce the duration of hospitalization of its patients as well as the cost related to the equipment used for follow-up. Methodology: prospective study on 35 patients for 1 year August 2020 to August 2021 Results: We followed 35 patients in which the mean age was 37.83 years with extremes of 18 and 78 years. The male sex predominates 21 against 14 women or 60% against 40% respectively. The sex ratio is 1.5. A total of 19 diaphyseal fractures (54.3%) were nailed, 9 supracondylar (25.7%) and 7 subtrochanteric (20%). Twenty-seven were closed fractures (71.1%), and 8 were open fractures (22.9%). The length of hospitalization was less than 3 days for 30 patients (85.7%), and more than 3 days for 5 patients (14.3%). Conclusion: We recommend that we promote this closed-hearth technique because it improves the postoperative follow-up of patients. Additionally, it would reduce exposure to radiation from c-arm in hospitals that have this equipment.
The Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Outbreak on Stock Market Returns and Volatility: Evidence from Panel Quantile Regression Model
Authors: Khalid Noreen , Zafar Raja Fawad , Syed Qasim Raza , Bhowmik Roni
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to probe the impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on stock market returns and volatility in developed markets. We employ a panel quantile regression model to capture unobserved individual heterogeneity and distributional heterogeneity. The study's findings reveal that there is a heterogeneous impact of COVID-19 on stock market returns and volatility. More specifically, there is a negative impact of COVID-19 on stock returns in the bearish stock market; however, there is an insignificant impact of COVID-19 on stock returns in the bullish stock market. Furthermore, COVID-19 has a positive impact on stock market volatility across all quantiles.JEL Classification: G24, G30, O16How to Cite:Khalid, N., Zafar, R. F., Syed, Q. R., Bhowmik, R., & Jamil, M. (2021). The Heterogeneous Effects of COVID-19 Outbreak on Stock Market Returns and Volatility: Evidence from Panel Quantile Regression Model. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.20587.
Micro-renewal of old communities in Huang Shi city
Authors: Pan Haowei , Hutter Akos
Published: November 2021

With the rise of the urban renewal motion in recent years in China, more and more cities have shifted the focus of construction to the renovation and renewal of old areas. The renewal of the old community plays an essential role in the urban upgrading of China, which is related to the quality of a city, as well as a crucial criterion for evaluating the comfort of the living environment. The old community to retain their vibrancy and culture is needed to renew by a way of modernization. The paper will discuss how to use micro-renewal design to improve the quality of the old community, awaking the historical memories of the community simultaneously, thereby balance the relationship between history and use-value.
A graph-based data quality analysis in distributed telemedicine systems
Authors: Jánki Zoltán Richárd
Published: November 2021

Telemedicine is one of the most rapidly developing areas of healthcare and it plays an increasing role in modern medicine. As the amount of data and demand for features increase, the data paths are becoming ever-more complex. Owing to this, it is vital in telemedicine to find a proper balance between consistency and availability under any given circumstances. However, making a trade-off can significantly influence the quality of the data. This study seeks to get an in-depth view of the problem by considering a real-world telemedicine use-case and elaborating the formal system specification of the scenario. After evaluating the specification, the constructed state graph is examined using graph coloring and other graph algorithms.
Range extension of the Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831 (Mustelidae) in Nepal
Authors: Bhatta Sijar , Khadka Dipak , Pokharel Gobinda Prasad , Kafle Komal Raj , Dhamala Man Kumar , Khawas Badri Bahadur , Sapkota Ramesh Prasad , Belant Jerrold L.
Published: November 2021

Melogale personata I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1831, Large-toothed Ferret Badger (Mustelidae), is distributed from Nepal to Vietnam with very few records. It historically is known by only one recent sighting record from an unspeci-fied area of Nepal. The IUCN species distribution map shows this species in the Okhaldhunga District. We confirm the presence of M. personata in Nepal based on a sighting of a juvenile individual. This is the first record of this species from Syangja District, Nepal. The geographical range of this species is extended farther west in Nepal.
GRASPing the unconventional secretory machinery to bridge cellular stress signaling to the extracellular proteome
Authors: Demetriades Constantinos , Nüchel Julian , Plomann Markus
Published: November 2021

Cellular adaptation to stress is a crucial homeostatic process for survival, metabolism, physiology, and disease. Cells respond to stress stimuli (e.g., nutrient starvation, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, low energy, etc.) by changing the activity of signaling pathways, and interact with their environment by qualitatively and quantitatively modifying their intracellular, surface, and extracellular proteomes. How this delicate communication takes place is a hot topic in cell biological research, and has important implications for human disease.
Clinical Training in Music Therapy
Authors: Roth Edward A. , Hua Xueyan , Lu Wang , Novak Jordan Blitz , Wang Fei , Mehnert Taylorlyn N. , Morano Rebekah K. , Fiore Jennifer , Sterenberg Alycia J.
Published: November 2021

Objective: This paper examines the experiences of music therapy students throughout their clinical training. Three surveys inquired about: 1) the perception from both interns and supervisors as to interns’ needs, 2) interns’ preparedness, their skills, their priorities when choosing an internship, and whether their expectations for training were met (with comparisons between American and International respondents), and 3) satisfaction with clinical training. Method: Three separate surveys were distributed. The first survey’s respondents included pre-interns ( n = 19) and internship supervisors (n = 14) who had completed their training in the Great Lakes Region of the United States. The second survey’s respondents included American interns (n = 50), American professionals (n = 353), International interns (n = 12), and International professionals (n = 50). Respondents for the third survey included professional music therapists who completed their curriculum in the United States and held the MT-BC professional credential (N = 777). Results: Some differences between interns’ and supervisors’ perceptions of the interns’ needs were found in Survey 1; significant differences were found between the preparedness and strengths/weaknesses between groups in Survey 2; and Survey 3 found general satisfaction with training with some areas respondents felt needed improvement. Conclusions: While there is overall satisfaction with training for music therapists, there are inconsistencies in students’ experiences in, and perceptions of, their training.
Listening to the Public: An Inductive Analysis of the Good Citizen in a Deliberative System
Authors: Knobloch Katherine
Published: November 2021

Significant research has demonstrated that deliberative participation has a number of benefits for participants, leaving them more informed, efficacious, and engaged. Unfortunately, this model of the good citizen may be at odds with both what citizens want out of engagement and what might be most beneficial for self-empowerment. Activism, rather than deliberation, might be a more effective means of influencing public decisions, but traits associated with activism are often considered antithetical to deliberative participation. This paper utilizes a case study to ask what participants want out of engagement and whether their conception of the good citizen aligns with theoretical deliberative norms. Findings suggest that participants in a hybrid model of engagement that blends deliberative discussion with interest group politics want opportunities for public input that center interest formation and recognition, equity, and empowerment. These results suggest a need to better integrate the voices of citizens in normative deliberative theory and research.
Unilateral Oculomotor Nerve Palsy Associated with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis and Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Cho Min-Sub , Park Sung-Pa , Seo Jong-Geun
Published: November 2021

Meningeal carcinomatosis is caused by cancer cells invading the meninges and can cause cranial nerve palsies or intracranial hypertension. Intracranial hypertension can present various symptoms such as headache, visual loss, diplopia and may rarely include unilateral cranial nerve palsy. We report a 57-year-old female with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and intracranial hypertension who presented as unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy.
Contributing Factors of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Morbid Obese Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Park Sangil , Byun Jung-Ick , Yoon Sun-Min , Lee Seungmin , Park Kunwoo , Hwang Sungtaek , Shin Won Chul
Published: November 2021

Background: Obesity, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) are common conditions and are interrelated. Obesity is a risk factor for OSA and independently associated with EDS. We aimed to evaluate frequency of EDS in morbid obese patients with OSA and to identify contribution factor for EDS.Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in single sleep center. Consecutive patients with OSA (with apnea-hypopnea index 5/h or more) with morbid obesity (body mass index over 35 kg/m2) was enrolled. EDS were defined as Epworth Sleepiness Scale of 10 points or more. Clinical and polysomnographic variables were compared between those with and without EDS.Results: Total 110 morbid obese patients with OSA were enrolled, and 34 (31%) of them had EDS. Those with EDS had higher subjective symptom of insomnia and depression. Rapid eye movement sleep latency was shorter and minimum saturation was lower for those with EDS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified insomnia severity (odds ratio, 1.117) and minimum saturation (odds ratio, 0.952) as independent contribution factor for EDS.Conclusions: Result of this study suggest that 31.4% of morbid obese patients with OSA have EDS, and it can be affected by insomnia severity and desaturation during sleep.
The Investigation on the Burden of Neurology Residents to Manage the Patient who Received Thrombolytic Treatment in the Emergency Department with Hyperacute Stroke
Authors: Lee Hyun Joon , Shin Dong Hoon , Yang Kwang Ik , Koh Im-Seok , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Woong-Woo , Kim Daeyoung , Park Kwang-Yeol , Jeong Sang Wuk , Choi Hojin , Cha Jae-Kwan , Shin Dong Jin
Published: November 2021

Background: Because Korea is the fastest aging country, the stroke incidence is increasing rapidly. We investigate the trend of the number of patients with acute stroke in recent years and estimate the burden of the neurologist to treat the acute stroke patient visited the emergency department.Methods: We requested a questionnaire survey to all teaching hospitals on the number of hospital beds, the number of stroke patients who visited the emergency department, the number of stroke patients in charge of the neurologist, and the number of days on duty of residents from 2016 to 2019.Results: Of 69 teaching hospitals, 41 hospitals answered the survey. The average hospital beds per hospital were increased annually from 909 to 916. The average patients who visited the emergency department with stroke and were in charged to neurologists were rapidly increased from 799 to 867 per hospital. In particular, the number of patients with hyperacute cerebral infarction requiring the thrombolytic administration or mechanical thrombectomy were rapidly increased from 105 to 131. On the other hand, the average number of residents per hospital was decreased from 5.1 to 4.8. Therefore, the days on duty per resident were increased from 74 to 77.Conclusions: The number of acute stroke patients, especially, hyperacute stroke required the rapid cooperation and high labor were increasing rapidly in recent years. However, because the number of residents were decreased, the burden was increasing. To improve the quality of acute stroke treatment, it is necessary to increase the number of residents.
PENTOSAN POLİSÜLFAT SODYUM TEDAVİSİ ALAN PRİMER MESANE AĞRISI SENDROMU HASTALARINDA PİGMENTER MAKULOPATİ İLİŞKİSİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DOĞAN Çağrı , MALAK Arzu , AKGÜL Murat , YAZICI Cenk Murat , SARIFAKIOĞLU Ayşe , GÖNEN Tansu , DAYISOYLU Hulusi , KARASU GÜNDER Ece
Published: November 2021

Amaç Primer mesane ağrı sendromu (PMAS); suprapubik bölgede ağrı, sık idrara çıkma, ani sıkışma hissi ve nokturi gibi alt üriner sistem semptomlarının en az birinin 6 haftadan uzun bir süre eşlik etmesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Primer mesane ağrı sendromu tedavisinde birçok alternatif tedavi olmasına rağmen oral olarak onaylanan tek ilaç pentosan polisülfat sodyumdur (PPS). Yaygın kullanımı sonrasında retinal toksiteyle ilişkilendirilmesinden dolayı çalışmamızda PPS kullanımı ile makulopati arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem 2010-2020 yılları arasında tek merkezli PMAS tanısı alıp sadece PPS kullanımından fayda görebilecek alt grup ve fenotip değerlendirmesi (üriner ve non-ülseratif organa özgü alt gruplar) sonucunda çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışmadan özgeçmişinde dejeneratif makulopatisi olan veya makulopatiye yatkınlık yaratan hastalıkları olanlar çalışmadan çıkarılmışlardır. Hastalara Snellen görme eşeli ile düzeltilmiş en iyi görme keskinliği ölçümü, slit lamp biyomikroskop ile ön segment ve fundus incelemesi yapıldı ve göz içi basınçları ölçüldü. Renkli görme testi, arka segment optik koherans incelemesi ve10-2 görme alanı testi uygulandı ve fundus renkli ve otofloresans fotoğrafları çekildi. Düzeltilmiş en iyi görme keskinliği, renkli görme sonuçları, makula, koroid ve ortalama retina sinir lifi kalınlıkları, görme alanı ortalama sapma değeri ve fundus bulguları kaydedildi. Bulgular Çalışmaya dahil edilen toplam 15 hastanın 4’ü (%37,5) erkek, 11’i (%73,3) kadındı. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları 53,3±11,2 olarak gözlendi. Takipleri sırasında ortalama oral PPS kullanım süresi 33,01±10,59 ay ve kümülatif oral PPS dozu 216,02±97,63 gr tanı süreleri ise 66,64±39,37 ay olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların ortalama merkezi makula ve koroid kalınlığı sırasıyla 254,55±33,11 mikron, 261,82±34,22 mikron olarak ölçüldü. Hastaların görme alanı sapma değeri ortalaması- 1,89±-1,25 dB, fundus-otofloresans görüntülerinde ortalama retina sinir lif kalınlığı ise 98,1±17,62 mikron ölçüldü. Ek olarak çalışmamızda ortalama kümülatif dozun ve maruziyet süresinin altında ve üstündeki hastaların da göz bulguları kendi içinde karşılaştırıldı. Sonuç Çalışmamızda kronik PPS kullanımı ile makulopati arasında bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Hasta grubunun oluşturulmasında; diyabet ve hipertansiyon gibi ek hastalıkları olan hastaların çıkartılması, fenotip ve alt grup değerlendirmesi sonucunda homojen bir şekilde oluşturulması son derece önemlidir.
Virus Production and Administration v1
Authors: Mazmanian Sarkis , Yoo Bryan , Griffiths Jessica
Published: November 2021

Protocol for virus production and administration to mice in Yoo et al 2021
Quantitative PCR of Viral Abundance v1
Authors: Yoo Bryan , Griffiths Jessica , Mazmanian Sarkis
Published: November 2021

Protocol for quantifying viral abundance by PCR used in Yoo et al 2021
Spike Detection v1
Authors: Yoo Bryan , Griffiths Jessica , Mazmanian Sarkis
Published: November 2021

Protocol for spike detection of GCaMP6F imaging data used in Yoo et al 2021
Metagenome Preparations and Analysis v1
Authors: Yoo Bryan , Griffiths Jessica , Mazmanian Sarkis
Published: November 2021

Protocol for metagenome preparation and analysis used in Yoo et al 2021
Online Collaborative Writing via Google Docs: Case Studies in the EFL Classroom
Authors: Kitjaroonchai Nakhon , Suppasetseree Suksan
Published: November 2021

This article reported a case study investigating small group interaction patterns in online collaborative writing tasks and factors influencing team collaborations. Participants included six Asian EFL university students who formed two small groups and were engaged in two online collaborative writing tasks via Google Docs. Data collection included the participants’ use of writing change functions and language functions during the collaborative writing processes revealed through Google Docs archives and collaborative essays. Semi-structured interviews were employed to examine factors influencing small group collaborations. The findings revealed that the two teams exhibited divergent interaction patterns, but the patterns of interaction remained consistent within each group across both tasks. The qualitative content analysis showed factors that affected team collaborations were individual goals, learners’ English proficiency, individual roles, and the use of collaborative agency. The findings may help elucidate the divergence of online collaborative writing and provide insightful information for instructors to design collaborative writing activities and assist EFL learners in the co-construction of writing tasks.
EFL Learners' Perspectives Towards Online Reading Module of IELTS: A Study at Tertiary Level
Authors: Halim Tanzina , Shah Sayyed Rashid Ali
Published: November 2021

This paper seeks to investigate the attitude of students towards attending IELTS (Reading) classes online. The International English Language Testing System (IELTS) is a world-wide recognized test that students/ candidates have to take to assess their English language proficiency to study or work in an English- speaking context. They have to either take the IELTS Academic or the IELTS General Training modules. In recent times with the shift from face-to-face to online classes, the students face many challenges while attending online classes of IELTS, especially the reading module. This study aims to find out the problems which are faced by Saudi students while attending online classes. For this, 40 undergraduate students, both males and females of a public university in Saudi Arabia, were chosen as participants to carry out the study. A survey questionnaire was administered to the students who experienced challenges in online classes of IELTS. Based on the findings, the study concludes with some recommendations about how students can overcome the challenges they face while having online classes of the Reading module of IELTS.
The Efficacy of Syllabi of General English Courses at Undergraduate Level in Bangladesh: An Evaluation
Authors: Rashid Amina , Rana Md. Masud
Published: November 2021

A good syllabus contributes to achieving better learning outcomes. Academic institutions often invest huge amounts in preparing the so-called 'panacea' of a syllabus hoping they could meet the demand of the highly competitive world. Now, however, educationists often get divided on what is instrumental to gaining a higher level of learning outcomes: Is it the quality of syllabus, or the kind of teaching approaches, or quality of teachers and learners, or good academic environment with a proper support system or a combination of all the above? While the academic process around the globe continues amidst these unresolved questions, teaching and learning English in Bangladeshi tertiary institutions for undergraduate students is no exception. Although almost all the students at undergraduate level take some sort of English language course like general English Language (GEL), or foundation English (FE) course, they fail to function when it comes to using the language in a real-life situation. This paper strives to trace out why the students cannot communicate in English properly even after 10 plus years of exposure to the language – 1/2 years at the tertiary level and 8 to 10 years at the primary and secondary levels. The research has adopted both quantitative and qualitative research methods and used two different questionnaires to collect data for the study. Delving into a thorough analysis of the existing syllabuses, the study contends that the syllabus cannot quite prepare the students to be able to function in English in a real-world scenario and, therefore, recommends a revamping of the syllabuses is necessary to produce pragmatic and pedagogical efficacy.
Chinese EFL Teachers’ Perception and Practice of Phonics Instruction
Authors: Zhong Baoning , Kang Yeqin
Published: November 2021

Phonics was introduced to Chinese mainland two decades ago. To gain an empirical insight into teachers’ perception in teaching phonics to EFL students, this study draws upon data from a survey among 213 primary school EFL teachers in two Chinese provinces. The findings indicate that most teachers hold positive attitudes towards phonics, regarding it more as a word-attack skill. The improvement of teachers’ educational background predicts better phonics teaching effect, yet they need systematic phonics knowledge. Besides, teaching material and teaching strategies are greatly correlated with the teaching effect. It concludes that phonics should be integrated into regular textbooks and effective teacher training is significant for better improvement of phonics instruction.
On the Causes and Countermeasures of Chinese Learners’ English Reading Anxiety
Authors: Gan Xiaoli
Published: November 2021

Based on Humanistic Psychology and Krashen’s Affective Filtering Hypothesis, this study explores the effects on English reading anxiety among Chinese students, and corresponding countermeasures are put forward to it. English reading anxiety, one of the emotional factors that have a great effect on foreign language learning, mainly refers to the feeling of not being able to achieve desired goal or overcome a mental obstacle. The results indicate that Chinese English learners suffer English reading anxiety in text comprehension, and the psychological, cultural and text factors are the main causes leading to it. Based upon the findings, its advisable to lower the learners’ affective filter and promote their self-confidence as well as cultivate their cross-cultural awareness in future English reading teaching.
Language Teaching for Specific Purposes: A Case Study of the Degree of Accuracy in Describing the Character of Mental Disabilities in Modern Arabic Drama (Egyptian Film Toot-Toot as an Example)
Authors: Alkayed Zain Saleh , Kitishat Amal Riyadh
Published: November 2021

The study aims at investigating the degree of accuracy in describing the character of mental disabilities in modern Arabic drama. The study takes the Egyptian Film Toot-Toot as an example. Toot -Toot is a film about a mentally handicapped heroine, “Kareema”, who was sexually abused by a wealthy man, and she was also socially harassed by the people of her community. The study tries to prove that there is an accurate stereotypical representation of the mentally up-normal characters in Arabic n drama and cinema. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The sincerity and consistency of the study tool were confirmed the study summarized the film into eight scenes, then they were analyzed and discussed in light of the degree of accuracy of the general characteristics of mental disabilities which include the following: cognitive, physical, linguistic, the social and psychological characteristics. Also, the role of social institutions towards the mentally disabled is discussed. The results revealed that the purpose is to make the audience to be sympathized rather than empathized by the dramatic representation of the disabled character for the sake of increasing the cash revenue of the film. To sum up, the mentally- handicapped characters were misrepresented; they were so far from the scientific and medical diagnosis.
The Construction of China’s National Image From Transitivity Perspective—A Case Study of Fighting COVID-19: China in Action
Authors: Liu Zhencong , Liu Hui
Published: November 2021

Using the theory of transitivity system within Systemic Functional Linguistics as the theoretical basis and the white paper named Fighting COVID-19: China in Action, which was published by the Chinese government on June 7, 2020 as the corpus, with the help of corpus analysis tool, UAM Corus Tool 3, this paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to explore the construction of China’s national image. The results show that the frequency of material processes is extremely high, which is 88.26%, while existential processes and behavioral processes occupy only an extremely small proportion, 0.73% and 0.09% respectively. Relational processes are in the second rank, 5.34%. The frequencies of verbal processes and mental processes are similar, accounting for 2.97% and 2.6% respectively. Through a detailed analysis of the six transitivity processes, a national image that advocates “people supremacy”, selfless collectivism, with strong executive ability and mobilization, and a great responsibility in the international society is found to be constructed. This paper lays a foundation for further studying China’s national image in the path of SFL. It also sheds some light on the construction of China’s image in the official government document.
The Application of Thematic Progression Pattern in the Teaching of English-Chinese Text Translation
Authors: Li Shifang
Published: November 2021

This paper analyzes Thematic Progression pattern and its role in the process of text translation, providing a new perspective for the current translation teaching. TP pattern can be used as a reference object before translation to avoid the translator's mistakes in information transmission; after translation, it can also be a means to test the cohesion and coherence of the translation. In order to preserve the style of the original text, it is necessary to maintain the same TP pattern as the source text in translating activity, which is the foothold of this research. Therefore, the article proposes that in English-Chinese translation, the same TP pattern as the source text should be maintained as much as possible, in order to achieve the purpose of retaining the original style. Nevertheless, all this is based on the premise that the meaning of the original text will not be misunderstood.
The Co-Constructed Logic Framework for Understanding Children’s Acts and Their Intentions
Authors: Fan Hongya , Ren Zeshan
Published: November 2021

With the characteristics of the nonmonotonic logic and defeasible inference, abductive reasoning has been formalized in the field of artificial intelligence, dealing with the local pragmatics (e.g., the resolution of coreference, resolving syntactic and lexical ambiguity and interpreting metonymy and metaphor), recognizing discourse structure and even the speaker’s plan and other issues for natural language understanding. However, Hobbs’ analysis of abduction in recognizing the speaker’s plan was conducted only from the point of view of the verbal information processing that the listener does. To demonstrate the collaborative way that conversational partners working together to understand the logic of human acts and their intentions, this article analyzes the two conversations about the parents questioning their children’s intention for their acts with an abductive reasoning method. The results show that children and parents co-construct segments of discourse with coherence relations across several conversational turns, by that way they build together a simplified framework for understanding the logic of human acts and their intention. For example, when the father and his children co-constructed coherent segments of discourse with the result relation between them, they completed the particular intention understanding at the same time. This research helps in enriching the logic structure of artificial intelligence applications such as visual question answering models and enhancing their reasoning abilities.
Development and Critiques of Conceptual Metaphor Theory
Authors: Zhang Xin
Published: November 2021

There is an increasing trend in revealing the effect of conceptual metaphor on activities in the context of education. In order to shed light on future studies in this field, it is necessary to review the development and critiques of conceptual metaphor theory in general and applications and previous studies under the context of education in particular. This paper defines the term "metaphor" at first and further reviews its implications in constructing the conceptualization of educational-related concepts. Problems and challenges of conceptual metaphor theory are also discussed.
QTL MAPPING OF BROOMRAPE (OROBANCHE CUMANA WALLR.) RESISTANCE IN SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) USING GBS-SNPS
Authors: AKKOSE BAYTAR Asena , ÇELİK İbrahim , DOĞANLAR Cafer , FRARY Anne , DOĞANLAR Sami
Published: November 2021

Broomrape is one of the most important biotic stresses causing serious yield reductions in sunflower. Control of this parasitic plant is difficult and physical and chemical strategies are usually insufficient. Therefore, introduction of genetic resistance to broomrape in sunflower is a key breeding goal. Breeding efforts on broomrape resistance have been conducted for decades, however, new broomrape races, such as race F, have emerged and rapidly evolved to be more aggressive and devastating. Although a few quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified for race F resistance, none of these loci are suitable for marker assisted selection because of their small phenotypic effects. In the present study, three major QTLs for broomrape race F resistance were identified on LG7, LG11 and LG12 using a high density SNP map constructed with the genotyping by sequencing approach in an intraspecific F2 population. The population consisted of 300 individuals derived from a cross between susceptible Helianthus annuus cv. RHA 436 as the recipient parent and resistant H. annuus cv. H08 M1 as the donor parent. Breeder-friendly SNP-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers were developed for the QTLs. The QTLs and CAPS markers identified in this study will be valuable molecular genetic tools for sunflower breeding.
MINIMAL WATER RUNOFF OF THE AZOV RIVER BASIN AREA DURING SUMMER-AUTUMN AND WINTER LOW-WATER PERIODS
Authors: Goptsiy M.V. , Ovcharuk V.A. , Kushchenko V.A. , Prokofiev L.V. , Hoyan A.N.
Published: November 2021

For the purpose of value and analysis of the statistical characteristics of low-water runoff during summer-autumn and winter low flow periods on the rivers of the Priazov’s, used the time series of the minimum runoff of the rivers by 16 WGS during the period of from beginning observation till 2015 inclusive.
In order to protect the water resources in the region, it is necessary to use its rationale, especially during low water periods than are minimal water discharges. For these aims, It is necessary to estimate the values of the characteristics of the minimum runoff in the Priazov region on the modern initial data, which is relevant, both in scientific and practical terms.
Before generalizing the mean runoff modules in the summer-autumn and winter periods, the influence of local factors (latitudinal position, aforestation, and swampy watersheds) on their value was investigated. No significant influence of local factors was revealed, except for a good relationship with the latitude of the catchment centers.
To determine the minimum runoff in winter for unexplored rivers of the territory, a map of isolines of 30-day minimum runoff modules is proposed. The distribution over the territory is uneven and varies from 0.30 l / (s • km2) in the southwestern part of the territory to 3.25 l / (s • km2) in the northeastern parts. The isolines are drawn with a step of 0.20 l / (s • km2). The map error is ± 4.3%, which corresponds to the accuracy of the initial information and the requirements of the current regulatory document SNiP 2.10.14-83.
In the summer-autumn period, the distribution over the territory of the average minimum runoff modules is similar – in the south (in the Molochnaya river basin) low values are observed from 0.080 l / (s • km2), significantly increases in the northeast direction to 2.50 l / (s • km2) in the Kripenʹka river basin. Isolines are also drawn with a step of 0.20 l / (s • km2). The error in determining the minimum runoff in the summer-autumn period according to the proposed map is slightly higher and amounts to ± 7.7%, but it also meets the requirements for the accuracy of calculating the low-water runoff.
To determine the coefficients of variability of low-water runoff, the obtained regional calculation equations, the accuracy of the calculation for which is provided by significant correlation coefficients; the skewness coefficient is normalized in relation to the coefficient of variation at the 2.0 level.
The proposed regional method for determining the value of the minimum runoff for the summer-autumn and winter periods makes it possible to use it without modifications in order to reliably substantiate the runoff characteristics during the dry season on the Priazov rivers.
NATIONAL HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL SERVICE IN UKRAINE IS 100 YEARS OLD: THE ROLE OF GRADUATES-HYDROLOGISTS OF TARAS SHEVCHENKO UNIVERSITY OF KYIV IN ITS ACTIVITIES
Authors: Khilchevskyi V.K.
Published: November 2021

On November 19, 2021, the National Hydrometeorological Service in Ukraine celebrates its 100th anniversary. On this day in 1921. Kh. Rakovsky, Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR, signed a decree “On the meteorological service in Ukraine.” The creation in 1929 of the Hydrometeorological Center of the Committee under the Council of People’s Commissars of the Ukrainian SSR (Gimek), which united meteorological and hydrological observations in one department, marked the emergence of a single hydrometeorological service. In 1999, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine adopted the Law “On hydrometeorological activity”, in which the concept of “national hydrometeorological service” appeared for the first time in Ukraine. Over the years of activity, starting from 1921, the national hydrometeorological service in Ukraine has gone through a difficult path of formation and various subordination (from civil service to military service during the Second World War in 1941-1945). The article identifies six periods in the history of the activity of the national hydrometeorological service in Ukraine: 1st period – until 1921; 2nd – 1921-1941; 3rd – 1941-1945; 4th – 1946-1991; 5th – 1991-2011; 6th – since 2011 The hydrometeorological service reached its highest status in 1991-1999, when the State Committee of Ukraine for Hydrometeorology (the central executive body) operated. In connection with the reforms of public administration structures, since 2011, the status of the national hydrometeorological service in Ukraine has significantly decreased – to the level of the hydrometeorology department within the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. Today, the main production institution within the State Emergency Service of Ukraine is the Ukrainian Hydrometeorological Center, which directs all organizations that carry out operational hydrometeorological observations in the regions.
In 1949, at the Kiev State University named after T.G. Shevchenko established the Department of Land Hydrology, headed by Professor V.A. Nazarov is an experienced scientist from the hydrometeorological service. One of the main tasks of the department was the training of specialists-hydrologists for the hydrometeorological service. The article describes the contribution of the hydrological department (1949-2021) of the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv to strengthening the human resources of the national hydrometeorological service of Ukraine, briefly highlights the activities of some graduates of the department who, with their own efforts, contributed to the development of the national hydrometeorological service of Ukraine, each at his own workplace:.V.M. Lipinskyi, V.O. Gromovyi, V.O. Manukalo V.I. Osadchyi, V.V. Derevets, O.O. Kosovets, V.M. Boyko, M.I. Dovhych, O.V. Serebryakov, V.M. Manivchuk.
A PubMed-Based Exploration of the Course of Yoga Research from 1948 to 2020
Authors: Chetry Dipak , Telles Shirley , Balkrishna Acharya
Published: November 2021

Yoga research citations from 1948 to 2020 in PubMed were filtered and sorted in 10-year intervals to explore the occurrence and time frame of change in (1) the focus of research; (2) the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews (SRs), and meta-analyses (MAs); (3) health conditions researched for yoga as therapy; (4) journals with yoga research; and (5) the research on yoga from different countries. Publications on yoga between 1948 and 1970 (1.25%) focused on exceptional abilities of experienced yoga practitioners, apparently related to the spiritual goal of yoga; from 1971 to 2000 (6.87%), the focus was on yoga in health and therapy; and from 2001 to 2020 (91.88%), research publications on yoga increased and continued to focus on health and therapy, with fewer RCTs relative to the SRs and MAs on yoga in PubMed. Publications on yoga reported the following health conditions most often: from 1981 to 1990, (1) asthma, (2) stress, and (3) diabetes; from 1991 to 2000, (1) stress followed by (2) asthma, anxiety, and pain (all three with equal percentages); from 2001 to 2010, (1) depression, (2) stress, and (3) anxiety; and from 2011 to 2020, (1) stress, (2) depression, and (3) pain. The journals publishing research on yoga in PubMed have changed between 1971 and 2020 as follows: highly clinically relevant, broad-interest medical journals (1971 to 1990); journals relevant to mind-body interventions (1991 to 2000); and specialized journals for complementary and alternative medicine, particular branches of medicine, or research study designs (2001 to 2020). The highest yoga research output from 1971 to 1980 came from the United Kingdom (RCTs); from 1981 to 1990 the most research came from the United States (RCTs); from 1991 to 2000 the most research came from India (RCTs) and the United Kingdom (SRs); from 2001 to 2010 the most research came from the United States (RCTs, SRs) and the United Kingdom (MAs); and from 2011 to 2020 the most research came from the United States (RCTs, SRs, MAs). The trends in yoga research from this analysis reflect increased research related to yoga and health while suggesting areas for future research based on the strengths and gaps that have emerged.
Analysis of the factors affecting the duration of the latent period from the moment of prelabor rupture of membranes to the onset of labor
Authors: Kaganova Maria A. , Spiridonova Natalya V.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Premature rupture of membranes during full-term pregnancy represents an increased risk of septic complications for both the mother and the fetus due to the prolongation of the latency period, the period from the discharge of amniotic fluid till the onset of labor.

Purpose of the study: to assess the factors affecting the duration of the latent period (from the moment of discharge of amniotic fluid to the development of labor) during full-term pregnancy.

Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of the labor of 136 patients with premature rupture of membranes and full-term pregnancy (37-42 weeks) of low and moderate risk groups, without contraindications for vaginal birth was carried out. Patients with Bishops cervical score less than or equal to 7 points made up the main group (70 pregnant women). Patients with mature cervix were included in the comparison group (66 cases). The analysis of the duration of the latent period was carried out with the use of correlation and regression analysis.

Results. The time from the moment of discharge of amniotic fluid to the onset of regular labor in the group with a cervix 7 Bishop points was 7.82 4.53 hours, while in the group with a cervix 8 Bishop points it was 4.4 3.23 hours (T = 5.02; p 0.001). The most significant effect on the duration of the latency period was the assessment of the cervix according to Bishop scale (r = 0.48; p 0.001), the gestational age was in the second place (r = 0.23; p = 0.08). In patients who didnt take mifepristone, the main factors influencing the duration of the latency interval were fetal weight (r = 0.31; p = 0.004) and gestational age (r = 0.29; p = 0.008); the increase in these parameters led to the decrease in the latency interval. Women who received 200 mg mifepristone in labour had a significant positive correlation with maternal age (r = 0.36; p = 0.04), negative with maternal weight (r = 0.42; p = 0.01) and cervical Bishop score (r = 0.48; p = 0.004). Women in labor with the longest latency interval, who received mifepristone in a daily dosage of 400 mg, have an inverse correlation for the gestational age (r = 0.39; p = 0.09), connection with the degree of cervical maturity, age, constitutional features, gestational age was not revealed.

Conclusion. The main predictors of the duration of the latency period of premature rupture of membranes at full-term pregnancy were the degree of cervical maturity according to Bishop scale, gestational age and fetal weight at birth.
The study of amino acid composition of roots of dandlion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) growing in the North Caucasus
Authors: Suschenko Anastasia O. , Kompantseva Evgenia V.
Published: November 2021

Aim. Being an integral part of proteins, amino acids are involved in all physiological processes in the human body. Plants being an accessible source of biologically active substances, there is a need to study medicinal plant raw material containing amino acids that are interchangeable and essential for the human body.

Materials and methods. Air-dry roots of dandelion (Тaraxacum officinale Wigg.) collected on the slopes of mount Mashuk (Pyatigorsk) in April and September 2018 were studied. They were cleared of traces of soil. To determine the bound forms of amino acids the raw material was prepared by hydrolysis during heating. Data about the composition and amount of amino acids in the analyzed samples of dandelion roots were obtained by means of the system of capillary electrophoresis Drops-105. Processing of the data was carried out with the use of the computer program Multichrom for Windows.

Results and discussion. 13 free amino acids were found in the roots of dandelion, of which 7 were nonessential (-alanine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, glutamic acid, arginine, proline) and 6 were essential amino acids (valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, -phenylalanine). Bound amino acids were found to include 8 nonessential amino acids (-alanine, glycine, serine, tyrosine, arginine, Proline, glutamic and aspartic acid) and 6 essential ones (valine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, -phenylalanine). The amount of free and bound amino acids in the roots of dandelion collected in April is about 1.4% by weight of the raw material and reaches 3.5% in the roots collected in September.

Conclusion. The qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in dandelion roots growing in the North Caucasus has been studied. The detected amino acids make a certain contribution to the total pharmacological effect of this type of medicinal plant raw material.
Quantitative determination of water-soluble polysaccharides in the aerial part of Potentilla anserina L.
Authors: Tyutrina Ekaterina S. , Saveleva Elena E. , Kurbatsky Vladimir I.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the gravimetric technique which was developed for the quantitative determination of water-soluble polysaccharides (WSPS) in the aerial part of Potentilla goose (Potentilla anserina).

The purpose of the work was to develop the method of the quantitative determination of WSPS and the determination of their content in the aerial part of Potentilla anserina L., collected in various regions of Siberian federal district.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the aerial part of Potentilla anserina L, collected in June during flowering. To develop the method for the quantitative determination of the WSPS, herb mixtures collected in 2016 in vil. Verkhneussinskoe of Ermakovsky district, Krasnoyarsk Territory were studied. The amount of WSPS was determined in the above-ground part of Potentilla anserina L., collected during flowering in June 2017 in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (vil. Sliznevo), Tomsk Region (Tomsk Region), and the Republic of Buryatia (Zaigraevsky District, vil. Staraya Bryan). The above-ground parts were air dried in the shade. Determination of water-soluble polysaccharides was carried out gravimetrically in order to determine the optimal conditions for the maximum yield of water-soluble polysaccharides There was some variety in the degree of grinding of raw material, raw material / extractant index, extraction ratio, the ratio of extraction and ethyl alcohol 95%.

Results. The greatest amount of water-soluble polysaccharides was extracted in the following conditions: the degree of grinding of raw material of 0.5-1.0 mm; the ratio of raw material and extractant was 1 : 10; the extraction rate was 5; the ratio of extraction and ethyl alcohol 95% was 1 : 4. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides was 7.55 0.36%, the analysis error did not exceed 5%.

Conclusion. A gravimetric technique for the quantitative determination of water-soluble polysaccharides in the aerial part of P. anserina L has been developed. The content of water-soluble polysaccharides in the aerial part of P. anserina L. collected in various regions of the Siberian Federal District ranges from 5.95% (Krasnoyarsk Region) to 10.25% (Republic of Buryatia), the analysis error does not exceed 5%.
Features of accommodation function in contemporary schoolchildren with progressive myopia
Authors: Mahdi Abida
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study is to study the state of accommodative function in contemporary schoolchildren using the method of computer accommodation.

We studied 50 children (10-16 years old): 40 with different degrees of myopia and 10 children (control group) with emmetropia. The accommodation was studied with the computer accomodate Righton Speedy-K ver. MF-1. Defined power of accommodative response to accommodative stimulus imposed by calculating a ratio the coefficient of accommodative response (CAR) and the nature of the contraction of the fibers of the ciliary muscle by determining microfluctuations coefficient (CMF).

It was found that in groups of patients with emmetropia and weak myopia, the coefficient of accommodation response and the microfluctuation coefficient exceed the average normal values. Especially pronounced changes in the group of children with mild myopia. In groups of children with moderate and high myopia, the CAR is significantly lower than in mild myopia and emmetropia, while the CMF also exceeds normal values.