bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complex family negotiations among queer and trans college students of color: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Chan Christian D. , Thacker Darrow Nancy E. , Duran Antonio
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study explored how queer and trans people of color (QTPOC) college students navigate complex family relationships and understand the contexts that shape their family bonds.

Background

QTPOC face myriad forces of oppression that complicate their notion of family. Family relationships of QTPOC also reveal cultural nuances in tandem with race, ethnicity, gender identity, and sexuality. For QTPOC college students, college can signify opportunities to create chosen family or navigate relationships with family of origin.

Method

Using a narrative inquiry methodology and the paradigm of intersectionality, this study involved the narratives of nine QTPOC college students using 18 interviews and nine journal entries to elaborate on how they experienced family relationships during college.

Results

Findings revealed complex cultural and family dynamics associated with race, sexual identity, and gender identity. The findings were exemplified in three themes: (a) Defining and Engaging Family as a Constantly Evolving Process; (b) Familial Impact on Identity Development; and (c) Salience of Intersection Between Racial Identity and LGBTQ+ Identity.

Conclusion

QTPOC college students experience a transitory period that heightens the salience of racism, genderism, and heterosexism and elicits complex negotiations between family of origin and chosen family. Some QTPOC college students renegotiate their notion of family to reinforce their racial, sexual, and gender identities.

Implications

It may be prudent for practitioners to consider how certain social identities may be rejected by certain family members and could lead to further types of distress. Practitioners can explore opportunities to maneuver family of origin and discover chosen family in collegiate settings, especially along the lines of race within LGBTQ+ communities.
Fatigue Life Simulation of Short Glass Fiber/Rubber Composites Using the Damage‐Entropy and Self‐Heating Concepts
Authors: Fatemi E. , Shokrieh M. M. , Mirzaei A. H.
Published: January 2025

To predict the fatigue life of materials under cyclic loading, some research works have used the temperature rise caused by self‐heating. The current paper presents a model based on the damage‐entropy and self‐heating concepts to predict the fatigue life of rubber and rubber composites. To this end, laws of thermodynamics were utilized to relate the material's temperature rise to its damage. The existing entropy‐based model was modified to predict the fatigue life of SFRCs by incorporating the concept of damage entropy. The present model, which considers the material's viscoelastic energy, stored energy, and wasted energy and calculates the damage entropy in each loading cycle, was rigorously tested through an extensive experimental program. The experimental results demonstrated the model's accuracy in predicting the fatigue life of rubber and rubber composites at the applied strain below 88%.
Completing the Speciation Cycle: Ecological Niches and Traits Predict Local Species Coexistence in Birds Across the Globe
Authors: Remeš Vladimír , Harmáčková Lenka
Published: January 2025

Aim

The build‐up of local species diversity requires completing the transition from allopatry to sympatry to local coexistence (syntopy). However, understanding processes than enable species arising in allopatry to become syntopic remains an unsolved challenge. Potential explanations include niche conservatism, niche divergence, and energy availability. To gauge their importance, we modelled the effects of species split age, the divergence in beta and alpha niches, specialisation, and resource availability to reveal factors driving the evolution of local species coexistence upon speciation.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Miocene to the present.

Major Taxa Studied

Passerine birds.

Methods

We collated a dataset of 206 passerine sister species pairs, each with their age of divergence; range sympatry; degree of syntopy (derived from 7,257,312 complete eBird checklists falling within the area of range overlap); beta niche divergence (habitats and environmental characteristics); alpha niche divergence (morphology, diet, and foraging stratum); species ecological specialisation (diet and foraging stratum); resource availability; and body mass. We used phylogeny‐informed models to infer which of these factors best explained local species coexistence upon speciation.

Results

There was a major effect of niche conservatism as species with more similar beta niches (canopy height, vegetation greenness, moisture availability, and habitat affinities) exhibited higher degree of syntopy. Small species with similarly sized beaks and high specialisation on diet were also more likely to coexist locally. In contrast, the divergence or overlap in alpha niches (diet and foraging stratum) did not predict the degree of syntopy. Confirming previous studies, the degree of syntopy strongly increased with increasing range sympatry, while only weakly in older species pairs.

Main Conclusions

The evolution of secondary syntopy is driven by niche conservatism, ecological specialisation, and body mass‐related energy requirements. Consequently, the accumulation of local species richness is facilitated by both conservatism and differentiation along various ecological niche dimensions.
Analysis of benign neoplasms of the rete testis formerly termed “Sertoliform cystadenomas” demonstrates that they are not Sertoli cell tumours with intra‐rete growth
Authors: Collins Katrina , Michalova Kvetoslava , de Biase Dario , Ricci Costantino , Tallini Giovanni , Gordetsky Jennifer B , Idrees Muhammad T , Colecchia Maurizio , Ulbright Thomas M , Acosta Andres M
Published: January 2025

Aims

Benign tumours of the rete testis include mostly cystadenomas and adenomas. A subset with tubular or tubulopapillary architecture shows morphological similarities to Sertoli cell tumours; these neoplasms were previously termed “Sertoliform cystadenomas of the rete testis”. In the most recent WHO classification, they have been interpreted as Sertoli cell tumours, not otherwise specified (NOS), with pure intra‐rete growth, and therefore excluded as an entity. The remaining cystadenomas of the rete testis vaguely resemble tumours of Mullerian origin arising in the ovaries. In this study we analyse benign tumours of the rete testis, including a subset with Sertoliform features.

Methods and Results

Benign neoplasms of the rete testis were identified through query of consultation and institutional files. Clinicopathologic data were collected, and available slides were reviewed. Cases were assessed using IHC and three separate DNA sequencing panels. Eleven tumours from patients 32–78 years old were evaluated. Four were classified as Sertoliform adenomas/cystadenomas, displaying tubulo‐papillary or tubular/trabecular architecture; all of them were PAX8‐positive and lacked nuclear beta‐catenin expression. The remaining seven tumours were benign cystadenomas NOS. Genomic analysis was performed successfully in 10/11 tumours (including all Sertoliform adenomas/cystadenomas) and revealed no pathogenic variants in CTNNB1, KRAS, or BRAF.

Conclusion

Sertoliform cystadenomas of the rete testis differ from Sertoli cell tumours NOS, as evidenced by the absence of molecular markers characteristic of Sertoli cell tumours. The remaining benign cystadenomas lack molecular alterations seen in Mullerian tumors of the ovaries.
Association between endodontic, patient‐related factors and severe odontogenic infections; a South Australian retrospective audit
Authors: Petroff Laura , Richardson Ruby , Jensen Emilija , Cheng Andrew , Sambrook Paul , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero
Published: January 2025

Aim

Endodontic conditions are associated with severe odontogenic infections. However, no studies have explicitly explored their role in the infectious process. This study aimed to assess associations between tooth‐related and patient‐related factors resulting in severe odontogenic infections and clinical care needs.

Methodology

A retrospective audit was conducted of all records of patients who presented with severe odontogenic infections requiring admission between 2018 and 2023, at the largest public hospital in South Australia. Pericoronitis, postoperative, and non‐odontogenic infections were excluded. Associations between tooth‐related factors (type, location, presence/absence of caries, restorations, root canal filling, apical periodontitis, and space of infection), patients‐related factors (diabetes and smoking statuses), clinical management (length of admission, intensive care unit admission number of days, and need for general anaesthesia) were explored. χ2, Mann–Whitney's test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analysis, and the level of statistical significance was set at 5%.

Results

Of 382 records identified, 189 met the inclusion criteria. Mandibular (95.8%) molars (92.1%) were the most commonly offending teeth. Eight (4.2%) were root canal filled, 27 (14.3%) restored, 166 carious (87.8%), and 181 (95.8%) were associated with an apical radiolucency. Over half the sample were smokers (56.9%) and 16.4% were diabetics. The most common infection involved the submandibular space (56.1%). Intensive care unit admission was required for 157 patients (83.1%), and stay depended on the space of infection, with buccal space having the shortest duration (median 1 day) compared with submandibular (median 4 days) (p < .001). Need for general anaesthesia was associated with Ludwig's angina (n = 3, 100%) (p = .04) and submandibular space infection (n = 104, 98.1%) (p < .001), plus intensive care unit admission (p < .001). Conversely, for buccal space infection, the need for general anaesthesia was lower (n = 5, 23.8%). No further significant differences were found.

Conclusion

Untreated mandibular molars with apical periodontitis were the most frequent tooth‐related findings. Results from the present study suggest associations between the most severe clinical presentations (Ludwig's angina and submandibular infection) and complexity in clinical care. Buccal space infections required the least complex management.
A Missiological Exploration of Luke 4:18 and the Challenge of Caste Discrimination in Seventh‐day Adventist Churches of India
Authors: Kumar Santosh
Published: January 2025

This article expands on a prior study on caste discrimination in the Seventh‐day Adventist (SDA) Church in India. Rooted in a missiological framework, it examines the transformative potential of Luke 4:18 in addressing the challenges faced by marginalized communities in the SDA context. The article draws on findings from earlier qualitative research on historical roots, missiological perspectives, and the relevance of biblical passages to inform a narrative inquiry approach on the hermeneutics of Luke 4:18. By aligning the text with complementary passages, it delves into the historical trajectory of caste discrimination within SDA churches and revisits the contemporary challenges faced by marginalized members. This article highlights the crucial roles of church leadership and educational initiatives in fostering inclusivity and combatting discrimination by integrating a hermeneutical lens into actionable strategies. Finally, it contributes to ongoing discussions on social justice and equality in religious communities, offering a nuanced perspective informed by both qualitative insights and hermeneutical exploration.
Shattering the Ceilings of Power Like the Syrophoenician Woman
Authors: Adera Godfrey Owino , Mombo Esther
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we revisit three hallmarks of coloniality of power – control, influence, and access to resources – and their interplay in shaping and framing Anglican witness and presence in the world today. We contend that, although the growth of Anglicanism in the global South, particularly in Africa, represents a notable demographic shift within the Anglican Communion, it does not translate to shifts in control, influence, and access to resources. As a result, colonial legacies of Anglican witness that conferred power to whiteness and maleness and assigned powerlessness and ‘otherness’ to lives and faith experience outside the categories of whiteness and maleness still pervade relationships within the communion. With reference to the “decolonial” encounter of Jesus with the Syrophoenician woman in the gospels (Mark 7:24‐30 and Matt. 15:21‐28), we reimagine Anglican witness as with‐ness. This is a kenotic praxis and a decolonial alternative that would enable theologies of decentralization of power, a polycentric system of control, and an ethic of kenotic accompaniment, acceptance, and inclusion of lives and faith experiences outside the frames of whiteness and maleness in the Anglican Communion.
Decolonizing the Triune God
Authors: Panotto Nicolás
Published: January 2025

This article aims to propose a “two‐way” decolonial reading of the trinitarian approaches within the Latin American liberation theologies: as a critique and as a framework to enhance some of its assumptions. Hence, the article will develop some of the most recognized approaches to this issue within these liberation theologies to identify possible theological and socio‐political decolonial rereadings from the particular approach of the trinitarian.
Covalent Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors across generations: A focus on zanubrutinib
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Del Re Marzia , Danesi Romano , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: January 2025

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), the primary target of BTK inhibitors, is a key enzyme in the proliferation and survival pathway of neoplastic B‐cells. BTK inhibitors are approved in many hematologic malignancies: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma, marginal zone lymphoma, Waldenström macroglobulinaemia and follicular lymphoma. Second‐generation BTK inhibitors display high target selectivity thus resulting in a reduction in off‐target and off‐tissue effects, better therapeutic index and improved tolerability. This paper summarizes the mechanisms of action of first and second generation BTK inhibitors and elucidates results in any disease setting, with a precise focus on zanubrutinib.
How the European Parliament Chooses Its Battles: Parliamentary Resolutions on the Negotiation of International Agreements
Authors: Bardou Marine , Delreux Tom
Published: January 2025

This article explains the occurrence and timing of resolutions adopted by the European Parliament (EP) on international agreements. Such resolutions allow the EP to exert influence, especially when they are adopted early in the negotiation process (i.e., ‘early resolutions’). However, the EP does not systematically adopt (early) resolutions. The article therefore addresses two research questions: (1) under which conditions does the EP adopt resolutions during the negotiation process of international agreements? And (2) under which conditions does the EP adopt early resolutions? Using a comprehensive dataset including the 344 international agreements concluded between 2009 and 2023, we find that resolutions are more likely to be adopted when the Committee on International Trade is the responsible EP committee, when human rights, personal data protection or environmental protection are at stake and when agreements are salient. Moreover, early resolutions are more likely to be adopted for more recent negotiations and when negotiations are salient early.
Classification of Post‐Delousing Mortality in Farmed Atlantic Salmon: A Case Study of Standardised Causal Classification at Fish‐Level
Authors: Ringstad Nanna K. , Stormoen Marit , Midtlyng Paul J. , Persson David
Published: January 2025

The study investigated cause‐specific, fish‐level mortality of farmed Atlantic salmon following mechanical delousing. We visited three populations at two marine sites belonging to one company at four different time points, from 1 day before to 13 days after the mechanical delousing. A total of 453 dead fish were collected and necropsied during the four visits. The underlying mortality cause was determined by macroscopic pathology in fish that died peracutely, acutely and subacutely after the procedure. The macroscopic pathological changes were recorded, and a cause of death was assigned to each fish by applying a uniform code system to classify mortality and losses in farmed Atlantic salmon. The findings revealed that mechanical delousing procedures can lead to mortality and pathological changes up to 13 days after the procedure. We identified cerebral haemorrhages in approximately 25% of the necropsied fish that died peracutely. Comparing the cause‐specific mortality assignments at necropsy to daily mortality recordings by farmers showed that farmers assigned a smaller proportion of the fish to injury/trauma than the necropsy indicated. This implies that current practices for recording mortality causes by farmers after delousing may overlook the long‐term negative effects of the procedure. Therefore, guidelines for farmers to more accurately record mortality causes following delousing are necessary to improve the value and precision of these records.
Evaluation of fetal aortic isthmus diameter and flow in pregnant women with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; may it be a marker of poor perinatal outcomes?
Authors: Başaran Ezgi , Öcal Fatma Doğa , Tanaçan Atakan , Ağaoğlu Zahid , Ipek Göksun , Aktaş Betül Akgün , Şahin Dilek
Published: January 2025

Aim

To evaluate the fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) diameter and flow in pregnant women diagnosed with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP).

Methods

In this prospective case–control study, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements were performed in the ICP group (n: 30) and the control group (n: 42). Clinical characteristics, fetal AoI diameter and Doppler measurements, serum bile acid levels, liver enzyme levels, and obstetric and perinatal outcomes were compared between the groups.

Results

The AoI diameter was 4.8 ± 0.95 mm in the ICP group and 4.2 ± 0.62 mm in the control group, indicating a statistically significant difference (p = 0.003). The AoI Doppler flow parameters did not significantly differ between the groups (p > 0.05). When evaluated in subgroups according to disease severity, the AoI diameter and Doppler measurements did not significantly differ between the mild and severe ICP cases (p > 0.05). The AoI diameter was significantly larger in those requiring admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (p = 0.005). This diameter was also larger in patients with fetal distress, albeit with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.65).

Conclusions

ICP is a pathology with known adverse fetal cardiac effects, but there is no effective method to predict adverse perinatal outcomes. The enlarged AoI diameter in the fetuses of mothers with ICP and the association of this enlargement with NICU requirements are important findings of this study. Further research with a larger number of patients is necessary to evaluate the clinical utility of fetal AoI diameter and Doppler parameters in ICP.
Subjective sleep quality, but not objective sleep measures, mediates the relationship between pre‐sleep worrying and affective wellbeing
Authors: Werner Anika , Hachenberger Justin , Spiegelhalder Kai , Rueth Jana‐Elisa , Schlarb Angelika A. , Lohaus Arnold , Lemola Sakari
Published: January 2025

Pre‐sleep worrying is associated with sleep disturbance, which in turn is associated with impaired affective wellbeing. However, studies examining the fine‐grained temporal order of these variables are still lacking. In particular, within‐person mediation of the association between pre‐sleep worrying and the following day's affective wellbeing by subjective and objective indicators of sleep has not been tested yet. This study investigates the extent to which pre‐sleep worrying predicts positive/negative affect the following day, and whether subjective/objective sleep disturbances are possible mediators for this relationship. Data from two experience sampling studies were pooled for the analyses, resulting in a total sample of 220 participants aged between 18 and 30 years (M = 23.2 years, SD = 2.8). The hypotheses were tested at both the between‐ and within‐subject level using causal mediation analysis. The within‐subject analyses revealed partial mediation of the relationship between pre‐sleep worrying and positive as well as negative affect the next day by subjective sleep quality. By contrast, sleep as measured by actigraphy appears not to be relevant for the link between pre‐sleep worrying and affective wellbeing the following day. Baseline levels of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances did not moderate the associations between pre‐sleep worrying, sleep indices and affective states the following day. Improving perceived sleep quality by addressing pre‐sleep worrying could be a potential avenue to enhance affective wellbeing and promote better mental health in young adults.
Formula Labelling in the United Kingdom: Manufacturers' Compliance With the Code, UK Law and Guidance Notes
Authors: Kamata Maiko , Pereira‐Kotze Catherine , Kerac Marko , Sibson Victoria
Published: January 2025

The International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes (‘the Code’) was established to protect babies and young children from inappropriate marketing of formula milk, bottles and teats and avoid undue commercial influence on caregiver infant feeding practices, including undermining breastfeeding and safe and appropriate formula feeding. UK law encompasses some but not all of the Code. To address persisting concerns about the marketing of infant formula (IF) and follow‐on formula (FoF), we assessed labelling compliance in the UK against relevant provisions in the Code, UK law and Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) Guidance Notes which interpret UK law. Data were collected during July and August 2022 by taking pictures of labels from company websites, in shops and online. We developed three labelling checklists to systematically assess compliance and to compare compliance scores between the regulatory frameworks, formula types and brands. We assessed 57 labels (n = 32 IF and n = 25 FoF) and found low overall compliance: 50% complied with UK law, 32% with Guidance Notes and 40% with the Code. None of the labels complied with provisions prohibiting idealising text and photographs, nutrition and health claims (where relevant) and cross‐promotion between formula types. In conclusion, UK IF and FoF labels violate many of the provisions of all three regulatory frameworks. This is evidence of inappropriate marketing. The UK law should be better enforced and strengthened in line with the Code to protect breastfeeding, support safer, appropriate formula feeding and lessen commercial influence on infant feeding practices.
Seascape Genomics of Elacatinus punctiulatus (Ginsburg, 1938): Understanding the Historical and Contemporary Drivers of Population Structure in the Gulf of California
Authors: De Jesús‐Bonilla Vladimir Salvador , Quintero‐Grijalva Alejandra , Cruz‐Hernández Pedro , Martínez‐Rincón Raúl Octavio , Hernández‐Saavedra Norma Y. , Valenzuela‐Quiñonez Fausto
Published: January 2025

The genomic diversity and population structure of marine species represents a complex mosaic shaped by historical and contemporary environmental seascape features that maintain or alter it over time. The Gulf of California (GC) is an interior sea with a dynamic history during its formation and a contemporary environmental and oceanographic complexity; hence, it is a suitable system to test the effect of historical and contemporary factors on genomic diversity in marine species. We investigated the genomic seascape of the redhead goby (Elacatinus puncticulatus; Ginsburg, 1938), a cryptobenthic marine fish, to gain insights into the historical and contemporary drivers shaping its population structure in the GC. A total of 4802 SNPs markers were analysed, with 3775 loci classified as neutral markers and 27 as outlier markers potentially under selection. Both markers demonstrated population structure, with the neutral markers showing two main groups corresponding to northern and southern locatities. The outlier markers identified an additional genetic group emerging in the central area of the sampled localities. Genetic differentiation between the North and South regions and historical demographic simulations was consistent with ancient divergence (1.04 Mya) and secondary contact (0.15 Mya). The genomic environmental association analysis revealed a possible adaptive scenario linked to ocean temperature. The study highlights the importance of historical events, contemporary environmental factors, and oceanographic circulation in shaping the genetic structure of E. puncticulatus populations in the GC.
Re‐emergence of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in Egypt: Predicting distribution shifts under climate changes
Authors: Soliman Mustafa M. , El‐Hawagry Magdi S. A. , Samy Abdallah M.
Published: January 2025

Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of several medically significant arboviruses—including dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika—was successfully eradicated from Egypt in 1963. However, since 2011, there have been increasing reports of its re‐emergence, alongside dengue outbreaks in southern Egyptian governorates, raising significant public health concerns. This study aimed to model the current and future distribution of Ae. aegypti in Egypt. Local occurrence data were integrated with bioclimatic, anthropogenic and biological environmental variables to identify key factors influencing the distribution of Ae. aegypti. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modelling demonstrated strong predictive performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] mean = 0.975; true skill statistic [TSS] mean = 0.789). The key determinants of habitat suitability were identified as human population density, annual precipitation and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Current predictions indicate that suitable habitats for Ae. aegypti are concentrated in the Nile Valley, Nile Delta, Fayoum Basin, Red Sea coast and South Sinai. Projections under future climate change scenarios suggest an expansion of suitable habitats, particularly in the Nile Delta region. By 2050, the model predicts a 61%–68% increase in suitable habitat area, with a further 64%–69% increase by 2070, depending on the future climate scenarios. These findings are crucial for informing vector control and disease prevention strategies, particularly considering Egypt's status as one of the world's leading tourist destinations.
Fungal Skin Disease Incidence, Prevalence and Disability‐Adjusted Life Years in Four Asian Countries (1990–2019)
Authors: Xihua Yuan , Xiaofeng Qin , Lulu Tang , Zhiyu Kong , Min Deng , Yi Wu
Published: January 2025

Background

Fungal skin diseases are a significant burden in Asia, with varying trends from 1990 to 2019, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.

Objective

To investigate long‐term trends in the incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates for fungal skin diseases in China, India, Japan and Singapore from 1990 to 2019.

Patients/Methods

Data were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study. Independent age, period and cohort effects were calculated using age–period–cohort analysis.

Results

Age‐standardised incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates of fungal skin diseases in China, India, Japan and Singapore decreased from 1990 to 2019. India has the highest standardised incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates. The crude incidence, prevalence and disability‐adjusted life‐year rates showed an increasing trend in China, Japan and Singapore, and a decreasing trend in India. The age–period–cohort analysis found that the age effect increased in China, Japan and Singapore at ages 45–94 years, and India showed higher risk coefficients at ages 5–20 and 45–94 years. The period effect increased in the four countries, with more pronounced increases in Japan and Singapore. The cohort effect showed a monotonic decline with birth cohort in the four countries, with a slightly slower decline in India.

Conclusion

Fungal skin diseases pose a serious burden in Asian countries. We recommend raising awareness and providing specialised interventions for fungal skin diseases, especially for high‐risk groups, such as middle‐aged and older adults aged ≤ 45 years and young Indians aged ≤ 20 years.
Off‐target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant–pollinator interactions via novel pathways
Authors: Baucom Regina S. , Iriart Veronica , Soble Anah , Armstrong Matthew R. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn
Published: January 2025

While herbicide use in agriculture is expected to have many effects on surrounding weed communities, it is largely unknown how plant exposure to sublethal doses of herbicide may subsequently impact plant–pollinator interactions. We tested the hypothesis that sublethal herbicide exposure indirectly alters plant–pollinator interactions through changes in plant traits, and specifically through alterations in floral display.

Using a common garden experiment, we exposed 11 weed species to the herbicide dicamba and examined the potential for changes in pollinator abundance and patterns of pollinator visitation as well as alterations to plant traits.

We found variation among plant species in the extent of damage from dicamba drift, and variation in size, flowering time, and flower displays, with some plant species showing negative impacts and others showing little effect. Pollinator frequencies were reduced in dicamba‐exposed plots, and pollinator visits were reduced for some weed species yet not for others. Structural equation modeling revealed that the relationship between flower display and pollinator visits was disrupted in the presence of dicamba.

Our study provides the most comprehensive picture to date of the impacts of herbicide drift on plant–pollinator interactions, with findings that highlight an underappreciated role of services supplied by weedy communities.
Cutaneous Mastocytosis in Pediatric Patients With Skin of Color: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Walker Trent D. , Varra Vamsi , Fosu Nana , Paradiso Michela , Mosser‐Goldfarb Joy
Published: January 2025

Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a rare skin disease with limited data on its prevalence across different racial groups. This retrospective cohort study examines the characteristics of CM at Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH) from January 2010 to June 2022, identifying 192 confirmed cases of CM and further stratifying this cohort to 155 patients with documented Fitzpatrick phototypes. There were two important findings: first, nine (4.7%) of the CM cases were Black and 165 (85.9%) were White, compared to 8502 (23.0%) Black and 21,177 (57.3%) White of the overall NCH dermatology population; second, 85.8% were Fitzpatrick phototypes I–III, and 14.9% were types IV–VI with no significant differences, other than types IV–VI being more likely to receive treatment (p = 0.01). Our study highlights the need to better understand the genetics and other risk factors of CM, as well as the social determinants of health impacting pediatric patients with skin of color.
Deletion of Flv3A facilitates long‐term H2 photoproduction in diazotrophic Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Authors: He Meilin , Santana‐Sánchez Anita , Tóth Gábor Szilveszter , Ermakova Maria , Collard Darius , Kosourov Sergey , Allahverdiyeva Yagut
Published: January 2025

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a promising energy carrier, and its production by photosynthetic microorganisms holds substantial potential for advancing renewable energy generation. The nitrogenase‐mediated H2 production using heterocyst‐forming cyanobacteria represents a promising approach, as the process utilizes light energy and photosynthetic reductants while being naturally protected from O2‐rich environments by its restriction to microoxic heterocyst cells. We investigated the impact of deleting the vegetative cell‐specific flavodiiron protein, Flv3A, on the long‐term H2 photoproduction of the model heterocyst‐forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120. The H2 photoproduction response was evaluated under varying atmospheric conditions, with or without N2 and O2, and compared to the ∆hupL mutant, which is deficient in the large subunit of uptake hydrogenase, and the ∆hupL/flv3A double mutant. Unlike the ΔhupL mutant, H2 photoproduction in Δflv3A is not enhanced by increased nitrogenase activity or high accumulation of sugars in cells. Our results suggest that the absence of the vegetative cell‐localized Flv3A positively affects H2 photoproduction in heterocysts by simultaneously downregulating hupL expression and enhancing the O2 tolerance of nitrogenase via a yet unexplored mechanism. These findings advance our understanding of nitrogenase‐driven H2 production and provide a new strategy to address key limitations in long‐term photobiological H2 production.
Tuberculosis: An Update for the Clinician
Authors: Janssen Saskia , Murphy Melissa , Upton Caryn , Allwood Brian , Diacon Andreas H.
Published: January 2025

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health threat with high mortality and efforts to meet WHO End TB Strategy milestones are off‐track. It has become clear that TB is not a dichotomous infection with latent and active forms but presents along a disease spectrum. Subclinical TB plays a larger role in transmission than previously thought. Aerosol studies have shown that undiagnosed TB patients, even with paucibacillary disease, can be highly infectious and significantly contribute to TB spread. Encouraging clinical results have been seen with the M72/AS01E vaccine. If preliminary results can be confirmed in ongoing larger trials, modelling shows the vaccine can positively impact the epidemic. TB preventive therapy (TPT), especially for high‐risk groups like people living with HIV and household contacts of drug‐resistant TB patients, has shown efficacy but implementation is resource intensive. Treatment options for infectious patients have grown rapidly. New shorter, all‐oral treatment regimens represent a breakthrough, but progress is threatened by rising resistance to bedaquiline. Many new chemical entities are entering clinical trials and raise hopes for all‐new regimens that could overcome rising resistance rates to conventional agents. More research is needed on the management of complex cases, such as central nervous system TB and severe HIV‐associated TB. Post‐TB lung disease (PTLD) is an under‐recognised but growing concern, affecting millions of survivors with lasting respiratory impairment and increased mortality. Continued investment in development of TB vaccines and therapeutics, treatment shortening, and management of TB sequelae is critical to combat this ongoing public health challenge.
Understanding Residential Address Patterns in Urban and Rural Areas: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cruz Paula , Vanneschi Leonardo , Painho Marco
Published: January 2025

Address data quality has a direct impact on demographic and other spatial analyses, since it may lead to uncertainty and potential bias. Most of the existing studies measure address quality through matching with reference databases, which can be an expensive and time‐consuming process. To bridge this gap, we propose a multiclass classification algorithm to evaluate the syntactic quality of residential addresses from a large database without using external databases. Namely, we adopt a multi‐objective optimization approach, based on the NSGA‐II algorithm and two modified k‐NN algorithms. The objective is to find the address components as well as the optimal number of neighboring examples that help explain which class (good, incorrect or incomplete and anomalous) the quality of an address belongs to, by type of region (urban, medium urban, and rural). The presented results indicate that the proposed approach outperforms the best baseline algorithms on multiclass classification, while also providing descriptive information on the most relevant features and median local neighborhood of each instance. With this study, we further extend previous research in the field of address pattern extraction, by explicitly differentiating urban and rural areas as well as invalid and anomalous addresses.
Investigation of Compressive Failure of Ice During Particle Indentation
Authors: Fitzpatrick Thomas , Taylor Rocky S. , Thijssen Jan
Published: January 2025

The indentation of rock particles into ice is an important aspect of understanding subsea interactions involving ice features and gravelly soil. This article investigates the indentation of rock particles into an ice specimen, where observations are made to study the effect of changes in indentation rate and the relative spacing from previously formed damage zones on resulting force and pressure trends. Experiments were conducted for three indentation rates: 10 mm/s, 0.5 mm/s, and 0.01 mm/s. Observations were also completed for three unique spacing distances between the rock particle and previous damage zones, taken as 2D (26 mm), 5D (65 mm), and 7D (96 mm), where the diameter D was based on a mean rock diameter of 13 mm. Maximum observed forces and pressures exerted onto the ice by the rock particles are examined and compared based on changes in the noted test parameters. These were completed alongside observations from tests conducted using 170 g samples of rocks ranging in size from 9.5 mm to 19.1 mm for tests completed at an indentation rate of 0.5 mm/s for indentation depths of 5 mm and 7 mm. In addition, preliminary results are presented from a matlab model that has been developed based on the aggregation of independent, individual particle–ice interaction events to simulate multiple particle–ice interactions. A comparison of experimental and simulated results indicates good general agreement and supports the assumption of independent particle–ice indentation events for the interaction conditions considered.
Dynamics of Electrically Assisted Turbocharger Rotor System Supported on Floating Ring Bearings
Authors: Kong Xiaolong , Guo Hulun , Cheng Zhenyu , Men Rixiu
Published: January 2025

An electrically assisted turbocharger (EAT) is a technology that integrates a high-speed motor into the shaft of a traditional turbocharger. This integration is designed to enhance the transient response performance of the traditional turbocharger, further improving its operational efficiency and exhaust gas utilization. However, the motor integration brings complexity to the turbocharger structure and a new challenge to the stability of the turbocharger rotor-bearing system. In this paper, a five-node, 24 degrees-of-freedom rotor-bearing nonlinear dynamic model for the EAT is established by simplifying the model of the EAT using the lumped parameter method, and by using the Capone's model as well as the theory of the short-bearing approximation to obtain the nonlinear oil film force of the floating ring bearing (FRB). This study delves into the nonlinear dynamics of EATs supported by FRBs, focusing on oil whirl, oil whip, and total instability caused by oil instability. The effects of inner and outer oil film clearances in FRBs, motor rotor mass, motor placement, and oil film viscosity on the synchronous vibration, sub-synchronous vibration, and total instability are analyzed. The research results indicate that when the outer oil film clearance is larger than the inner oil film clearance, the system stability improves as Cout/Cin approaches 1. Increasing the motor rotor mass, placing the motor rotor farther from the bearing, and decreasing the oil film viscosity all lead to a decrease in system stability. The research reveals the complex dynamic behavior of EATs, providing a theoretical foundation for the future design of rotor-bearing systems in EATs.
The Influence of Relative Age and Biological Maturity on Youth Weightlifting Performance
Authors: Morris Stephanie J. , Oliver Jon L. , Radnor John M. , Hill Mark , Haff G. Gregory , Lloyd Rhodri S.
Published: January 2025

Purpose: Relative age effects and biological maturation are common biases within youth talent identification and development programs; however, their respective influence on youth weightlifting is unknown. Method: Skeletal age, determined from ultrasonography, and competitive total loads (kg) were collected in 49 national age group weightlifters (boys: n = 24, age = 13.8 [2.4] y; girls: n = 25, age = 13.2 [2.4] y). The discrepancy score between skeletal age and chronological age was used to determine maturity timing, and participants’ birth dates were classified into birth quartiles to examine relative age effects. Results: Chi-square analysis (χ2) showed that birth quartile distributions across the age groups were not significantly different from national norms; however, maturity biases were evident, with significantly more “early maturers” and significantly fewer “on time maturers” than expected (P < .05). Regression analyses indicated that a large amount of variance in weightlifting performance (ie, absolute combined total) could be explained by skeletal age in both boys (R2 = .73) and girls (R2 = .75). Conclusion: Biological maturation influences selection into weightlifting talent pathways to a greater extent than relative age. Maturation also has a strong influence on weightlifting performance and should be considered to facilitate both the identification and development of weightlifting talent.
A role for proprioceptors in sngception
Authors: Lee Cheng-Han , Lin Jiann-Her , Lin Shing-Hong , Chang Chu-Ting , Wu Yu-Wei , Bewick Guy , Banks Robert W. , Gründer Stefan , Hochgeschwender Ute , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: January 2025

Proprioceptors are primary mechanosensory neurons to monitor the status of muscle contraction and/or body position (

1

). Although proprioceptors are known as non-nociceptive mechanoreceptors, they also express the pro-nociceptive acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) (

2

–

5

). To probe the role for proprioceptors in sensing acidosis (or sngception) (

6

), we found that genetic deletion of
Asic3
in proprioceptors but not in nociceptors abolished acid-induced chronic hyperalgesia in mice. Chemo-optogenetically activating proprioceptors resulted in hyperalgesic priming that favored chronic pain induced by acidosis. In humans, intramuscular acidification induced acid perception but not pain. Conversely, in a spinal cord–injured patient who lost pain sensation in the right leg, proprioception and sngception were remaining somatosensory functions, associated with the spinal dorsal column. Together, evidence from both mouse and human studies suggests a role for proprioceptors in sngception.
DNA methylation–based age prediction and sex-specific epigenetic aging in a lizard with female-biased longevity
Authors: Shealy Ethan P. , Schwartz Tonia S. , Cox Robert M. , Reedy Aaron M. , Parrott Benjamin B.
Published: January 2025

Sex differences in life span are widespread across animal taxa, but their causes remain unresolved. Alterations to the epigenome are hypothesized to contribute to vertebrate aging, and DNA methylation–based aging clocks allow for quantitative estimation of biological aging trajectories. Here, we investigate the influence of age, sex, and their interaction on genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in the brown anole (
Anolis sagrei
), a lizard with pronounced female-biased survival and longevity. We develop a series of age predictor models and find that, contrary to our predictions, rates of epigenetic aging were not slower in female lizards. However, methylation states at loci acquiring age-associated changes appear to be more “youthful” in young females, suggesting that female DNA methylomes are preemptively fortified in early life in opposition to the direction of age-related drift. Collectively, our findings provide insights into epigenetic aging in reptiles and suggest that early-life epigenetic profiles may be more informative than rates of change for predicting sex biases in longevity.
Monoaminergic neurotransmitters are bimodal effectors of tau aggregation
Authors: Chang Xinmin , Tse Amanda M. , Fayzullina Marina , Albanese Angela , Kim Minchan , Wang Conner F. , Zheng Zipeng , Joshi Ruchira V. , Williams Christopher K. , Magaki Shino D. , Vinters Harry V. , Jones Jeremy O. , Haworth Ian S. , Seidler Paul M.
Published: January 2025

Neurotransmitters (NTs) mediate trans-synaptic signaling, and disturbances in their levels are linked to aging and brain disorders. Here, we ascribe an additional function for NTs in mediating intracellular protein aggregation by interaction with cytosolic protein fibrils. Cell-based seeding experiments revealed monoaminergic NTs as inhibitors of tau. Seeding is a disease-relevant mechanism involving catalysis by fibrils, leading to the aggregation of proteins in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases. Chemotyping small molecules with varied backbone structures revealed determinants of aggregation inhibitors and catalysts. Among those identified were monoaminergic NTs. Dose titrations revealed bimodal effects indicative of fibril disaggregation, with aggregation catalysis occurring at low ratios of NTs and inhibited seeding ensuing at higher concentrations. Bimodal effects by NTs extend from in vitro systems to dopaminergic neurons, suggesting that pharmacotherapies that modify intracellular NT levels could shape the neuronal protein aggregation environment.
Reactive oxygen species generated by irradiation with bandpass-filtered 222-nm Far-UVC play an important role in the germicidal mechanism to
Escherichia coli
Authors: Narita Kouji , Fukushi Risako , Yamane Kyosuke , Okumura Yoshihiko , Koi Toru , Asano Krisana , Nakane Akio
Published: January 2025

Ultraviolet (UV) C light emitted by a krypton chloride (KrCl) lamp consists of mainly less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC (unfiltered 222-mm Far-UVC) compared with conventionally used 254-nm UVC. It also contains wavelengths that are harmful to mammalian cells. By contrast, UVC from a KrCl lamp with optical filter (filtered 222-nm Far-UVC) consists of much less harmful 222-nm Far-UVC and is available for sterilization of dwelling spaces. The germicidal mechanisms of the 254-nm UVC and unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC have been partially elucidated; however, the mechanism of action of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC remains unknown. It is known that 254 nm UVC induces cyclobutene pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), which are DNA lesions in
Escherichia coli
(
E. coli
); however, the CPDs are repaired by photoreactivation. In the present study, it was demonstrated that filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also generated CPDs, which were not repaired by photoreactivation. Therefore, a germicidal mechanism of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC may be different from a 254-nm UVC. It was reported that unfiltered 222-nm Far-UVC induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
E. coli
. In the present study, filtered 222-nm Far-UVC also induced ROS production. In accordance with increased ROS production, the levels of carbonylated proteins were increased, and morphological alteration was observed in
E. coli
. From these results, it was suggested that ROS generated by filtered 222-nm Far-UVC inactivated ROS scavenger enzymes and the enzyme photolyase that is involved in photoreactivation. The increased ROS levels and unrepaired CPDs impaired photoreactivation in
E. coli
and may be involved in the germicidal mechanism of action of the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC.

IMPORTANCE

The 222 nm Far-ultraviolet (UV) C light (UVC) emitted from a krypton chloride lamp with an optical filter is currently available for the sterilization of dwelling spaces. To use the filtered 222-nm Far-UVC more effectively and safely for sterilization, it is necessary to understand its germicidal mechanism. The present study suggests that the germicidal effect of filtered 222-nm Far-UVC on
E. coli
may not only involve CPD but also ROS. These results could be useful in establishing more effective preventive methods in dwelling spaces for infectious diseases by UVC irradiation.
Photo Quiz: A 22-year-old leukemic patient with diarrhea
Authors: Biswal Debasish , Mirdha Bijay Ranjan
Published: January 2025

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