bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ferro‐elastohydrodynamic lubrication of inclined slider‐bearing
Authors: Shah Rajesh C.
Published: August 2022

In practice, due to bearing load there is a generation of pressure in the lubricant film, which leads elastic deformation on the bounding surfaces and causes variation in the film thickness. As film thickness plays an important role in performance of the slider‐bearing designs; an attempt has been made to study numerical simulation of elastic deformation effect in one‐dimensional inclined slider‐bearing with ferrofluid (FF) lubricant. The modified Reynolds equation is derived using ferrohydrodynamic theory by Shliomis with transverse uniformly strong magnetic field, and continuity equation. Using this equation dimensionless load‐carrying capacity () is studied for different parameters. The results show the better performance of for lower convergence ratio and higher effective viscosity. However, elastic deformation has no effect on . Some comparisons are also made with the previous literature.
The Cost of Sea Level Rise for the Island Community of Vinalhaven, Maine: Spurring Action Through Collaborative Data Analysis
Authors: Grabill Meghan
Published: August 2022

In our Waypoints: Community Indicator series, the Island Institute, a community development organization, presents current data on the character along the coast and islands of Maine. Data show that climate change is already having detrimental effects on the island community of Vinalhaven, and the projections indicate it will only get worse. However, the topics of sea level rise and climate change are difficult to broach because of the complexity of the subject and the polarized views associated with it. An economic impact study, through collaboration with engaged community members, quantified the cost of sea level rise to the community if no action was taken. Through the work of data collaboration and the tenacity of the Sea Level Rise Committee, sentiment in Vinalhaven is slowly shifting and sea level rise is becoming an accepted fact. This book chapter will use the Vinalhaven example to explore the power of working with a community to forge ahead when a monumental problem seems insurmountable.
Conclusion: A New Approach to Secularization
Authors: Fisher-Høyrem Stefan
Published: August 2022

Turning our attention to the construction and maintenance of immutable mobiles, scholars can perform more detailed analyses of how different technological networks mediate secular time. This serves to establish secularity as a legitimate research topic in its own right, without making it conceptually parasitical on the concept of ‘religion’. Socio-technological networks whose function is premised on moving certain entities without deterioration mediate secular time. When these networks expand in size and complexity, so that increasing numbers of people participate in their associated practices more frequently, we call this process secularization.
Einleitung
Authors: Stolz Jörg , Bünker Arnd , Liedhegener Antonius , Baumann-Neuhaus Eva , Becci Irene , Dandarova Robert Zhargalma , Senn Jeremy , Tanner Pascal , Wäckerlig Oliver , Winter-Pfändler Urs
Published: August 2022

Seit mehreren Jahrzehnten ist die Religionslandschaft der Schweiz Gegenstand intensiver empirischer Sozialforschung. Hierbei ist eine Tradition entstanden, in welcher seit 1989 im Abstand von ungefähr zehn Jahren quantitativ orientierte Studien zur religiösen Lage der Schweiz erscheinen. Dies ist das bisher vierte Buch in der erwähnten Reihe.
Entkirchlichung als Prozess
Authors: Wäckerlig Oliver , Baumann-Neuhaus Eva , Bünker Arnd
Published: August 2022

Der Beitrag untersucht Veränderungen im Bereich der Kirchenbindung und der Sozialisation in der katholischen und in der reformierten Kirche vor dem Hintergrund des gesellschaftlichen Wandels. Grundlage der Analysen bilden Daten der Sonderfall-Studie (1988), drei Wellen der MOSAiCH/ISSP Studien (1998, 2009 und 2018) sowie Daten des Bundesamtes für Statistik (BfS) und der Kirchenstatistik des SPI. Es zeigt sich in der Schweizer Bevölkerung eine rückläufige Identifikation mit den Kirchen und deren klassischen Sozialisationsangeboten, aber auch eine Abnahme der durch die Kirchen repräsentierten Glaubensvorstellungen und religiös-spirituellen Praxis. Erosionsprozesse betreffen sowohl die Kirche als Institution als auch den individuellen Bereich des Glaubens und der religiös-spirituellen Praxis. Die Analysen zeigen deutlich, dass es den Kirchen in einem von Säkularisierung und Individualisierung geprägten gesellschaftlichen Kontext immer weniger gelingt, durch ihre traditionellen Ritualangebote Menschen in ihren Glaubensvorstellungen und ihrer religiösen Praxis nachhaltig zu prägen. Dies wäre aber die Voraussetzung für eine andauernde Identifikation mit kirchlicher Religion und schließlich für die Kirchenbindung ihrer Zugehörigen. Den untersuchten sozialisierenden Angeboten der Kirchen mangelt es an Antworten auf Herausforderungen durch Säkularisierung und religiös-spirituelle Individualisierung. Zudem werden sie den heutigen Anforderungen des selbstbestimmten und «lebenslangen Lernens» in Bezug auf religiöse Fragen nicht ausreichend gerecht. Die Kirchen sind damit grundlegend herausgefordert, ein neues Selbstverständnis gegenüber der Gesellschaft und ihren Individuen zu finden.
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

As the towns along the way got smaller the ‘award-winning’ signs and their competition began to disappear. One small town had nothing more than a pub that doubled as a post office – a default winner for my patronage. However, the experience of this small-town pub was in sharp contrast to the scones and jam of larger towns.
The Very Last Step
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Flying to Sydney for work came with the promise of exciting conversations and felt as though I fitted a week’s worth of work into a single day. In contrast, my Sisyphus goes to Sydney arrival had no meetings or conferences scheduled, nor any coffee catchups to go to. There was only one thing I had to do once I arrived in Sydney and that was to get a flight back home to Melbourne.
Virtual Pilgrimage, Real Pain
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

“What’s next?” asked my friends and family after I returned. Their faces once showed confusion when I first told them about the iguanas and all of that, but now, they couldn’t wait to hear what even crazier new adventure I had in store.
66 loops
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

It took me 66 loops in the stormwater drain trail over the same number of days to complete the 774 km of El Camino online. A significantly slower pace when compared to the 905 km in 42 days of my walk to Sydney. However, this time around I didn’t have to put my life on hold and I squeezed the pilgrimage in alongside my daily life and unescapable household chores.
My Iguana, Your Creature
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

This book freezes my pursuit of Signposts in search of a better place to work, what I have referred to as ‘my iguana’. But the ideas which underpin my creature will continue to evolve beyond the pages of this book. Not only because I will keep laying paths, but also because of you.
A Note on COVID-19
Authors: Chevez Agustin
Published: August 2022

Even though the events in this book took place years before COVID-19 hit the world, the lessons of my pilgrimage take on new relevance and urgency in light of the global pandemic and its aftermath. Writing this book in parallel with the world encountering vast and long-lasting changes caused me to ponder the relevance of where we work.
Two-loop supergravity on AdS5×S5 from CFT
Authors: Drummond J. M. , Paul H.
Published: August 2022

Abstract

We describe a construction of the two-loop amplitude of four graviton supermultiplets in AdS5×S5. We start from an ansatz for a preamplitude from which we generate the full amplitude under the action of a specific Casimir operator. The ansatz captures a recent ansatz of Huang and Yuan and we confirm their result through similar constraints. The form of the result suggests that all ambiguities are captured by the preamplitude which determines the result up to tree-level ambiguities only. We identify a class of four-dimensional ‘zigzag’ integrals which are perfectly adapted to describing the leading logarithmic discontinuity to all orders. We also observe that a bonus crossing symmetry of the preamplitude follows from the transformation properties of the Casimir operator. Combined with the zigzag integrals this allows us to construct a crossing symmetric function with the correct leading logarithmic discontinuities in all channels.

From the two-loop result we extract an explicit expression for the two-loop correction to the anomalous dimensions of twist-four operators of generic spin which includes dependence on (alternating) nested harmonic sums up to weight three. We also revisit the prescription of the bulk-point limit of AdS amplitudes and show how it recovers the full flat-space amplitude, not just its discontinuity. With this extended notion of the bulk-point limit we reproduce the scale-dependent logarithmic threshold terms of type IIB string theory in flat-space.
Electroweak ALP searches at a muon collider
Authors: Bao Yunjia , Fan JiJi , Li Lingfeng
Published: August 2022

Abstract

A high-energy muon collider with center-of-mass energy around and above 10 TeV is also a vector boson fusion (VBF) machine, due to the significant virtual electroweak (EW) gauge boson content of high-energy muon beams. This feature, together with the clean environment, makes it an ideal collider to search for TeV-scale axion-like particles (ALP) coupling to Standard Model EW gauge bosons, which current and other future colliders have limited sensitivities to. We present detailed analyses of heavy ALP searches in both the VBF and associated production channels at a muon collider with different running benchmarks. We also show projected constraints on the ALP couplings in the effective field theory, including an operator with its coefficient not determined by the mixed Peccei-Quinn anomaly. We demonstrate that a muon collider could probe new ALP parameter space and push the sensitivities of the couplings between the ALP and EW gauge bosons by one order of magnitude compared to HL-LHC. The projected limits and search strategies for ALPs could also be applied to other types of resonances coupling to EW gauge bosons.
Transcendental Properties of Entropy-Constrained Sets
Authors: Blakaj Vjosa , Wolf Michael M.
Published: August 2022

For information-theoretic quantities with an asymptotic operational characterization, the question arises whether an alternative single-shot characterization exists, possibly including an optimization over an ancilla system. If the expressions are algebraic and the ancilla is finite, this leads to semialgebraic level sets. In this work, we provide a criterion for disproving that a set is semialgebraic based on an analytic continuation of the Gauss map. Applied to the von Neumann entropy, this shows that its level sets are nowhere semialgebraic in dimension$$d\ge 3$$d≥3, ruling out algebraic single-shot characterizations with finite ancilla (e.g., via catalytic transformations). We show similar results for related quantities, including the relative entropy, and discuss under which conditions entropy values are transcendental, algebraic, or rational.
Long-term outcomes after using retrievable vena cava filters in major trauma patients with contraindications to prophylactic anticoagulation
Authors: Ho Kwok M. , Patel Priya , Chamberlain Jenny , Nasim Sana , Rogers Frederick B.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

To investigate the long-term outcomes of using vena cava filters to prevent symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in major trauma patients who have contraindications to prophylactic anticoagulation.

Methods

This was an a priori sub-study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) involving long-term outcome data of 223 patients who were enrolled in Western Australia. State-wide clinical information system, radiology database and death registry were used to assess long-term outcomes, including incidences of venous thromboembolism, venous injury and mortality beyond day-90 follow-up.

Results

The median follow-up time of 198 patients (89%) who survived beyond 90 days was 65 months (interquartile range 59–73). Ten patients (5.1%) died after day-90 follow-up; and four patients developed venous thromboembolism, including two with symptomatic PE, all allocated to the control group (0 vs 4%, p = 0.043). Inferior vena cava injuries were not recorded in any patients. The mean total hospitalization cost, including the costs of the filter and its insertion and removal, to prevent one short- or long-term symptomatic PE was A$284,820 (€193,678) when all enrolled patients were considered. The number of patients needed to treat (NNT = 5) and total hospitalization cost to prevent one symptomatic PE (A$1,205 or €820) were, however, substantially lower when the filter was used only for patients who could not be anticoagulated within seven days of injury.

Conclusion

Long-term complications related to retrievable filters were rare, and the cost of using filters to prevent symptomatic PE was acceptable when restricted to those who could not be anticoagulated within seven days of severe injury.
Praxis der perioperativen Prävention von Phantomschmerz: eine deutschlandweite Umfrage
Authors: Wandrey Jan D. , Schäfer Michael , Erlenwein Joachim , Tafelski Sascha
Published: August 2022

Hintergrund

Phantomschmerzen haben eine hohe Prävalenz nach Majoramputationen und sind mit einer zusätzlichen Einschränkung der Lebensqualität verbunden. Perioperative Behandlungsstrategien könnten zur Prävention von Phantomschmerzen beitragen. Diese Studie soll die aktuelle Praxis des perioperativen anästhesiologischen Schmerzmanagements bei Majoramputation darstellen, eine Einschätzung des Optimierungspotenzials und eine Barriereanalyse für die Versorgung dieser Patientenpopulation erarbeiten.

Material und Methoden

In einer Onlineumfrage aus dem Wissenschaftlichen Arbeitskreis Schmerzmedizin der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie e. V. (DGAI) wurden alle Fachärztinnen und Fachärzte für Anästhesiologie der Gesellschaft um Teilnahme gebeten und anonymisiert befragt.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt 402 Antworten zeigten, dass aktuell meist eine Allgemeinanästhesie (85 %), ein Verfahren der Leitungs- oder Plexusanästhesie (63 %) oder eine rückenmarknahe Anästhesie (49 %) in unterschiedlichen Kombinationen durchgeführt wurden. Des Weiteren gaben 72 % der Antwortenden an, postoperativ i.v.-Opioide zu nutzen, wobei 57 % eine patientenkontrollierte Analgesie (PCA) verwendeten. Demgegenüber wurden beim Einsatz präoperativer Regionalverfahren (74 %) und präoperativer Gabapentinoide (67 %) Ansätze zur Behandlungsoptimierung gesehen. Insbesondere organisatorische wie auch patientenimmanente Faktoren wurden als Barrieren bei der Versorgung benannt.

Diskussion

Die Umfrage bildet die aktuelle Praxis des perioperativen Schmerzmanagements bei Majoramputationen ab. Es deutet sich an, dass Bedarf für eine bereits präoperativ eingebundene, schmerzmedizinische Behandlung besteht. Vor dem Hintergrund der eingeschränkten Evidenz von aktuellen Therapieempfehlungen lassen sich aus der dargestellten Versorgungspraxis Fragestellungen für weitere Studien ableiten.
Progression likelihood score identifies substages of presymptomatic type 1 diabetes in childhood public health screening
Authors: Weiss Andreas , Zapardiel-Gonzalo Jose , Voss Franziska , Jolink Manja , Stock Joanna , Haupt Florian , Kick Kerstin , Welzhofer Tiziana , Heublein Anja , Winkler Christiane , Achenbach Peter , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele , Bonifacio Ezio ,   for the Fr1da-study group
Published: August 2022

Aims/hypothesis

The aim of this study was to develop strategies that identify children from the general population who have late-stage presymptomatic type 1 diabetes and may, therefore, benefit from immune intervention.

Methods

We tested children from Bavaria, Germany, aged 1.75–10 years, enrolled in the Fr1da public health screening programme for islet autoantibodies (n=154,462). OGTT and HbA1c were assessed in children with multiple islet autoantibodies for diagnosis of presymptomatic stage 1 (normoglycaemia) or stage 2 (dysglycaemia) type 1 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards and penalised logistic regression of autoantibody, genetic, metabolic and demographic information were used to develop a progression likelihood score to identify children with stage 1 type 1 diabetes who progressed to stage 3 (clinical) type 1 diabetes within 2 years.

Results

Of 447 children with multiple islet autoantibodies, 364 (81.4%) were staged. Undiagnosed stage 3 type 1 diabetes, presymptomatic stage 2, and stage 1 type 1 diabetes were detected in 41 (0.027% of screened children), 30 (0.019%) and 293 (0.19%) children, respectively. The 2 year risk for progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes was 48% (95% CI 34, 58) in children with stage 2 type 1 diabetes (annualised risk, 28%). HbA1c, islet antigen-2 autoantibody positivity and titre, and the 90 min OGTT value were predictors of progression in children with stage 1 type 1 diabetes. The derived progression likelihood score identified substages corresponding to ≤90th centile (stage 1a, n=258) and >90th centile (stage 1b, n=29; 0.019%) of stage 1 children with a 4.1% (95% CI 1.4, 6.7) and 46% (95% CI 21, 63) 2 year risk of progressing to stage 3 type 1 diabetes, respectively.

Conclusions/interpretation

Public health screening for islet autoantibodies found 0.027% of children to have undiagnosed clinical type 1 diabetes and 0.038% to have undiagnosed presymptomatic stage 2 or stage 1b type 1 diabetes, with 50% risk to develop clinical type 1 diabetes within 2 years.

Graphical abstract
Facets of ICP-MS and their potential in the medical sciences—Part 1: fundamentals, stand-alone and hyphenated techniques
Authors: Clases David , Gonzalez de Vega Raquel
Published: August 2022

Since its inception in the early 80s, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry has developed to the method of choice for the analysis of elements in complex biological systems. High sensitivity paired with isotopic selectivity and a vast dynamic range endorsed ICP-MS for the inquiry of metals in the context of biomedical questions. In a stand-alone configuration, it has optimal qualities for the biomonitoring of major, trace and toxicologically relevant elements and may further be employed for the characterisation of disrupted metabolic pathways in the context of diverse pathologies. The on-line coupling to laser ablation (LA) and chromatography expanded the scope and application range of ICP-MS and set benchmarks for accurate and quantitative speciation analysis and element bioimaging. Furthermore, isotopic analysis provided new avenues to reveal an altered metabolism, for the application of tracers and for calibration approaches. In the last two decades, the scope of ICP-MS was further expanded and inspired by the introduction of new instrumentation and methodologies including novel and improved hardware as well as immunochemical methods. These additions caused a paradigm shift for the biomedical application of ICP-MS and its impact in the medical sciences and enabled the analysis of individual cells, their microenvironment, nanomaterials considered for medical applications, analysis of biomolecules and the design of novel bioassays. These new facets are gradually recognised in the medical communities and several clinical trials are underway. Altogether, ICP-MS emerged as an extremely versatile technique with a vast potential to provide novel insights and complementary perspectives and to push the limits in the medical disciplines. This review will introduce the different facets of ICP-MS and will be divided into two parts. The first part will cover instrumental basics, technological advances, and fundamental considerations as well as traditional and current applications of ICP-MS and its hyphenated techniques in the context of biomonitoring, bioimaging and elemental speciation. The second part will build on this fundament and describe more recent directions with an emphasis on nanomedicine, immunochemistry, mass cytometry and novel bioassays.

Graphical abstract
Quantitative PET imaging of the CD4 pool in nonhuman primates
Authors: Kim Insook , Srinivasula Sharat , DeGrange Paula , Long Brad , Jang Hyukjin , Carrasquillo Jorge A. , Lane H. Clifford , Di Mascio Michele
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Previous SPECT and PET semi-quantitative in vivo imaging studies in monkeys have demonstrated specific uptake of radiolabeled rhesus recombinant anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody fragment CD4R1-F(ab΄)2in the spleen and clusters of lymph nodes (LNs) but yielded conflicting results of imaging the gut CD4 + T-cell pool. Here, using PET dynamic imaging with kinetic analysis, we performed a fully quantitative CD4 imaging in rhesus macaques.

Methods

The biodistributions of [89Zr]Zr-CD4R1-F(ab΄)2and/or of [89Zr]Zr-ibalizumab were performed with static PET scans up to 144 h (6 days) post-injection in 18 rhesus macaques with peripheral blood CD4 + T cells/μl ranging from ~ 20 to 2400. Fully quantitative analysis with a 4-h dynamic scan, arterial sampling, metabolite evaluation, and model fitting was performed in three immunocompetent monkeys to estimate the binding potential of CD4 receptors in the LNs, spleen, and gut.

Results

The biodistributions of [89Zr]Zr-CD4R1-F(ab΄)2and [89Zr]Zr-ibalizumab were similar in lymphoid tissues with a clear delineation of the CD4 pool in the LNs and spleen and a significant difference in lymphoid tissue uptake between immunocompetent and immunocompromised macaques. Consistent with our previous SPECT imaging of [99mTc]Tc-CD4R1-F(ab΄)2, the [89Zr]Zr-CD4R1-F(ab΄)2and [89Zr]Zr-Ibalizumab uptakes in the gut were low and not different between uninfected and SIV-infected CD4-depleted monkeys. Ex vivo studies of large and small intestines confirmed the in vivo images.

Conclusion

The majority of specific binding to CD4 + tissue was localized to LNs and spleen with minimal uptake in the gut. Binding potential derived from fully quantitative studies revealed that the contribution of the gut is lower than the spleen’s contribution to the total body CD4 pool.
Coastal Land Use Management Methodologies under Pressure from Climate Change and Population Growth
Authors: Wu Tao , Barrett Juliana
Published: August 2022

Throughout history, humans living in the coastal area constantly adapt to the natural environment and create a changing environment. The rapid coastal development occurred in the mid-19th century and peaks in the mid-20th century, which was a common process in most industrialized areas. With increasing population growth and urban sprawl, many coastal lowlands are unprecedently vulnerable to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, increasing extreme storm events, and coastal flooding. Under the influence of urban revitalization and conservation, the landward shoreline movement accelerated and coastal land shrank, accompanied by community retreat. This research focuses on the importance of incorporating an understanding of the changing coastal land-ocean interaction into adaptive management strategies by illustrating the relationship of land use change, social-economic development, and climate change. Typical coastal changes in Connecticut were selected: New Haven Harbor reflects a dramatic seaward land accretion under industrial and transportation development, New London downtown waterfront reveals a trend of building retreat under industrial and commercial transformation and coastal hazard, New London Ocean Beach indicates how overdeveloped coastal low-lying community fully retreat after a natural disaster, and Jordan Cove barrier island shows a highly dynamic coastal land change and proactive management strategy. The results reveal that to cope with a constantly changing shoreline and the challenges of climate change, a resilient management process must incorporate a cycle of learning, experimenting, and creating with the goal of developing new solutions that are able to deal with our ever-changing environment.
Statistical analysis and first-passage-time applications of a lognormal diffusion process with multi-sigmoidal logistic mean
Authors: Di Crescenzo Antonio , Paraggio Paola , Román-Román Patricia , Torres-Ruiz Francisco
Published: August 2022

We consider a lognormal diffusion process having a multisigmoidal logistic mean, useful to model the evolution of a population which reaches the maximum level of the growth after many stages. Referring to the problem of statistical inference, two procedures to find the maximum likelihood estimates of the unknown parameters are described. One is based on the resolution of the system of the critical points of the likelihood function, and the other is on the maximization of the likelihood function with the simulated annealing algorithm. A simulation study to validate the described strategies for finding the estimates is also presented, with a real application to epidemiological data. Special attention is also devoted to the first-passage-time problem of the considered diffusion process through a fixed boundary.
The revised Healthy Purchase Index (r-HPI): a validated tool for exploring the nutritional quality of household food purchases
Authors: Perignon Marlène , Rollet Pascaline , Tharrey Marion , Recchia Daisy , Drogué Sophie , Caillavet France , Méjean Caroline , Darmon Nicole
Published: August 2022

Background

The Healthy Purchase Index (HPI) assesses the nutritional quality of food purchases (FP) from food group expenditure shares only. However, it was developed from the FP of a disadvantaged population.

Objective

To adapt and validate the HPI for a general population.

Methods

FP were obtained from a representative sample of French households (Kantar WorldPanel) subdivided into two subsamples. The first sample (n = 4375) was used to adapt and validate the score; the second sample (n = 2188) was used to test external validity. The revised-HPI (r-HPI) includes 2 subscores: the diversity subscore and the quality subscore. Diversity subscore points were awarded when expenditure shares were above the 25th percentile for 5 food groups (“Fruits”, “Vegetables”, “Starches”, “Dairy”, “Meat, Fish and Eggs”). Regression models between the expenditure shares of each food group and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR) and the Mean Excess Ratio (MER) of FP were used to select quality subscore components and define cut-offs for point allocation. Construct validity was assessed on the first sample using Spearman’s correlations between the r-HPI and the four nutritional quality indicators (NRF9.3, MAR, MER, energy density), and also by comparing the r-HPI of monthly FP of sub-populations defined by criteria known to influence diet quality (age, gender, income, education) and between households having a monthly food basket of higher (MAR > median and MER and energy density < median) vs. lower nutritional quality within the population, using Wilcoxon tests or pairwise comparisons of contrasts. External validity was tested by performing the same analyses on the 2nd sample of 2188 households.

Results

The adaptation led to include new components (e.g. red meat) and define new cut-offs (e.g. − 1 point when budget share for red meat > 21%). The r-HPI (mean = 6.50 ± 3.58) was strongly correlated with NRF9.3, MAR, MER and energy density (0.59, 0.52, − 0.41 and − 0.65, respectively,p < 0.01) and poorly correlated with total energy content (− 0.096,p < 0.001). The r-HPI was significantly higher in women (β = 1.41 [0.20],p < 0.01), households having a food basket of higher nutritional quality (β = 4.15 [0.11],p < 0.001), and increased significantly with age, income and education levels. Similar results were obtained in the 2nd sample.

Conclusion

We showed the validity of the r-HPI in a large sample of French households. As it does not require food quantity or nutrient content, it can be used as a valuable tool to explore FP behaviours. Cut-offs can be used in health promotion to provide nutri-economic counselling.
Theoretical psychology: discursive transformations and continuity in Psychological Research/Psychologische Forschung
Authors: Wendt Alexander Nicolai , Wolfradt Uwe
Published: August 2022

Psychological Research (formerly Psychologische Forschung) has been published for a century which makes it a valuable subject matter for historical investigations. The journal’s development bears traces of the progress in psychology. This development is of particular interest for the field of theoretical psychology which investigates the epistemological and methodological background. Our hypothesis is that the history of Psychological Research is indicative for the transformations within the discourse of the discipline, i.e., the general context of communication in psychology. We revisit the changes in the editorial practises of the journal through a scientometric mixed-methods approach, combining bibliometric analyses which compare Psychological Research to Psychological Review and the British Journal of Psychology with a single-case investigation. Regarding form, we find continuities and disruptions in the development of the editorial customs from long and single-author to short and multi-author contributions. Investigating content through word frequency analysis shows that the journal’s history reflects the rise of the cognitivist paradigm as well as a transition from theoretical discourse towards experimentation. The analysis of a single case demonstrates the nature of past theoretical discourse in contrast to contemporary practises. Overall, our findings support the assumption of discursive transformations. From the perspective of theoretical psychology, these transformations can be described as a shift towards Methodism which entails a critical negligence of theory.
Deviating HER2 test results in gastric cancer: analysis from the prospective multicenter VARIANZ study
Authors: Kolbe Katharina , Haffner Ivonne , Schierle Katrin , Maier Dieter , Geier Birgitta , Luber Birgit , Bläker Hendrik , Wittekind Christian , Lordick Florian
Published: August 2022

Purpose

The prospective multicenter VARIANZ study aimed to identify resistance biomarkers for HER2-targeted treatment in advanced gastric and esophago-gastric junction cancer (GC, EGJC). HER2 test deviations were found in 90 (22.3%) of 404 cases (central versus local testing) and were associated with negative impact on survival for trastuzumab-treated patients. Here, we investigated methodological and biological variables that may promote deviating HER2 test results.

Methods

We analyzed HER2 testing procedures and participation in quality assurance programs of 105 participating local pathology laboratories. Furthermore, tumor localization and histological subtypes were compared between patients with centrally confirmed (central HER2 + /local HER2 + , n = 68) and unconfirmed HER2 status (central HER2 −/local HER2 + , n = 68).

Results

For central HER2 testing, concordance between in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was 98.3%, with IHC sensitivity of 93.3% (84 IHC + of 90 ISH +), specificity of 99.5% (389 IHC- of 391 ISH-), and a positive diagnosis rate of 97.7%. Central confirmation of the local HER2 IHC scores were seen for the majority of locally HER2- IHC 0/1 (172/178; 96.6%), but less frequently for locally IHC3 + (57/124; 46.0%) cases. Deviation rate was not associated with IHC antibody platform used in the local pathology institute neither with participation in quality-assuring tests. Regarding tumor characteristics, deviating test results were more frequently found in GC vs. EGJC (69.1% vs. 39.7%; p = 0.001) and in Laurén diffuse vs. intestinal subtype (23.5% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Tumor localization and histological subtype have an impact on HER2 test deviation rates. Assessment of HER2 remains challenging for GC and EGJC.
Nodal and osseous oligometastatic prostate cancer: a cohort including the introduction of PSMA-PET/CT-guided stereotactic and hypofractionated radiotherapy with elective nodal therapy
Authors: Gawish Ahmed , Walke Matthias , Röllich Burkard , Ochel Hans-Joachim , Brunner Thomas B.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Oligometastatic prostate cancer is heavily investigated, and conventionally fractionated elective nodal treatment appears to increase biochemical relapse-free (bRFS) survival. The novelty of this report is to present elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) with simultaneous integrated boost with stereotactic (SBRT) or hypofractionated radiotherapy (HoFRT) for tolerance and for bRFS which we compared with SBRT of the involved field (IF) only.

Materials and methods

Patients between 2018 and 2021 with and oligometastatic prostate cancer treated with SBRT or hypofractionation were eligible. A radiobiologically calculated simultaneous integrated boost approach enabled to encompass elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) with high doses to PSMA-positive nodes. A second group had only involved field (IF) nodal SBRT.

Results

A total of 44 patients with 80 lesions of initially intermediate- (52%) or high-risk (48%) D’Amico omPC were treated with SBRT to all visible PSMA-PET/CT lesions and 100% of the treated lesions were locally controlled after a median follow-up was 18 months (range 3–42 months). Most lesions (56/80; 70%) were nodal and the remainder osseous. Median bPFS was 16 months and ADT-free bPFS 18 months. ENRT (31 patients) versus IF (13 patients) prevented regional relapse more successfully. At univariate analysis, both initial PSA and length of the interval between primary diagnosis and biochemical failure were significant for biochemical control. Treatment was well tolerated and only two patients had toxicity ≥ grade 3 (1 GU and 1 GI, each).

Discussion/conclusion

SBRT and hypofractionated radiotherapy at curative doses with ENRT was more effective to delay ADT than IF, controlled all treated lesions and was well tolerated.
Clinical, laboratory, pathological, and radiological characteristics and prognosis of patients with pulmonary salivary gland-type tumors
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Liu Xiao , Gu Yumei , Zhang Shu
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Primary pulmonary salivary gland-type tumor (PSGT) included two main subtypes, pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) and pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC). The purpose of this study was to compare the similarities and differences between these two subtypes and to identify independent risk factors for the prognosis of PSGT patients.

Methods

This study screened patients with a pathological diagnosis of PSGT in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2010 and 2021. The clinical, pathological, radiological, laboratory test, and other characteristics were collected, and t, nonparametric and chi-squared tests were used to compare the differences in clinical characteristics of the two subtypes. COX univariate and multivariate analyses were used to explore prognostic-related risk factors.

Results

A total of 62 patients with PSGT were included in our center over a 12-year period. There were 26 PMEC patients and 36 PACC patients. There were differences in the clinical, pathological, and radiological features of the two tumor subtypes. Univariate analysis showed that weight loss, chemotherapy, white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, total protein, and total bilirubin might be related to the prognosis in PSGT patients. Multivariate results showed that lymphocytes (p = 0.031), red blood cells (p = 0.047), total protein (p = 0.032), and total bilirubin (p = 0.010) were independent prognostic risk factors. Chemotherapy (HR 4.452; 95% CI 1.723–11.503; p = 0.002) might be associated with progression-free survival (PFS).

Conclusion

The two subtypes of PSGT had significantly different clinical, laboratory, pathological, and radiological features. However, there was no significant difference in the prognosis of patients with PMEC and PACC subtypes. Cox univariate and multivariate analyses showed that levels of lymphocytes, erythrocytes, total protein and total bilirubin in the peripheral blood of PSGT patients might be related to patient overall survival. Chemotherapy might also be associated with PFS.
Changes in the TMS-evoked potential N100 in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a function of depression severity in adolescents
Authors: Biermann Lea , Wunram Heidrun Lioba , Pokorny Lena , Breitinger Eva , Großheinrich Nicola , Jarczok Tomasz Antoni , Bender Stephan
Published: August 2022

Studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation with simultaneous electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) revealed an imbalance between cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in depression. As adolescence is a developmental period with an increase in depression prevalence and profound neural changes, it is crucial to study the relationship between depression and cortical excitability in adolescence. We aimed to investigate the cortical excitability of the DLPFC in adolescents with depression and a dependency of the TMS-evoked potential N100 on the depression severity. 36 clinical patients (12–18 years of age; 21 females) with a major depressive episode were assessed twice in a longitudinal design: shortly after admission (T0) and after six weeks of intervention (T1). GABA-B-mediated cortical inhibition in the left and right DLPFC, as assessed by the N100, was recorded with EEG. Significantly higher depression scores were reported at T0 compared to T1 (p < 0.001). N100 amplitudes were significantly increased (i.e., more negative) at T0 compared to T1 (p = 0.03). No significant hemispheric difference was found in the N100 component. The correlation between the difference in depression severity and the difference in N100 amplitudes (T0–T1) obtained during stimulation of the left DLPFC did not remain significant after correction for testing in both hemispheres. Higher N100 amplitudes during a state of greater depression severity are suggestive of an E/I imbalance in the DLPFC in adolescents with an acute depressive episode. The N100 reduction potentially reflects a normalization of DLPFC over inhibition in association with decreased depressive symptomatology, indicating severity dependency.
Likelihood of offshore freshened groundwater in New Zealand
Authors: Morgan Leanne K. , Mountjoy Joshu J.
Published: August 2022

Offshore aquifer research is an emerging field that is becoming increasingly important as population growth and climate change put pressure on coastal water resources. One of the largest reserves, globally, of offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) was recently identified off the South Island of New Zealand. This has highlighted the potential for OFG elsewhere in New Zealand. This study aims to: (1) screen for New Zealand coastal aquifers most likely to contain OFG and, (2) document evidence for OFG in New Zealand. An OFG-likelihood rating scheme was developed as part of the study. An application of the rating scheme used survey responses from regional councils responsible for groundwater management, in combination with national and regional-scale technical documents. The rating scheme was found to be a simple and transparent first-pass approach for highlighting areas where OFG is more or less likely at the national scale. Results are presented in a map showing the likelihood of OFG around the New Zealand coastline. Regions with aquifers where OFG likelihood is high include Greater Wellington, Canterbury, Tasman, Hawkes Bay and Marlborough. Aquifers in these regions are associated with major fluvial depositional systems, including glacial outwash gravels. Despite high dependence on groundwater in these regions and extensive groundwater extraction near the coast, there are no major reported incidences of seawater intrusion, suggesting offshore groundwater may be augmenting onshore extraction.
Higher-Order Evidence and the Dynamics of Self-Location: An Accuracy-Based Argument for Calibrationism
Authors: Topey Brett
Published: August 2022

The thesis that agents should calibrate their beliefs in the face of higher-order evidence—i.e., should adjust their first-order beliefs in response to evidence suggesting that the reasoning underlying those beliefs is faulty—is sometimes thought to be in tension with Bayesian approaches to belief update: in order to obey Bayesian norms, it’s claimed, agents must remain steadfast in the face of higher-order evidence. But I argue that this claim is incorrect. In particular, I motivate a minimal constraint on a reasonable treatment of the evolution of self-locating beliefs over time and show that calibrationism is compatible with any generalized Bayesian approach that respects this constraint. I then use this result to argue that remaining steadfast isn’t the response to higher-order evidence that maximizes expected accuracy.
A Multivariate Approach to Investigate Metallurgical Technology: The Case of the Chinese Ritual Bronzes
Authors: Wood Jonathan R. , Liu Yaxiong
Published: August 2022

Research into ancient Chinese metallurgy has flourished over recent years with the accumulation of analytical data reflecting the needs of so many archaeological finds. However, the relationship between technology and society is unlikely to be revealed simply by analysing more artefacts. This is particularly evident in the debates over the sources of metals used to manufacture the Chinese ritual bronzes of the Shang (c. 1500-1046 BCE), Western Zhou (c. 1046–771 BCE) and Eastern Zhou (c. 771–256 BCE) dynasties. This article recognises that approaches to analytical data often fail to provide robust platforms from which to investigate metallurgical technology within its wider social and cultural contexts. To address this issue, a recently developed multivariate approach is applied to over 300 Chinese ritual bronzes from legacy data sets and nearly 100 unearthed copper-based objects from Anyang and Hanzhong. Unlike previous investigations that have relied predominantly on interpreting lead isotope signatures, the compositional analyses presented here indicate that copper and lead used to manufacture the bronzes are derived from mining progressively deeper ores in the same deposits rather than seeking out new sources. It is proposed that interpretations of social, cultural and technological change predicated on the acquisition of metals from disparate regions during the Chinese Bronze Age may need to be revised.
The effects of floor plan representations on preferences for apartments
Authors: Baker Jacqueline , Oppewal Harmen
Published: August 2022

In the real-estate industry, floor plans are commonly used to communicate spatial layouts of housing alternatives to house hunters. Using the method of stated preferences, this research investigates whether lay-individuals’ preferences for layout attributes differ when floor plans versus text descriptions are used to measure preferences for build-to-rent apartments. The study involved 417 student respondents evaluating four hypothetical apartments twice, with the apartments varying in two focal attributes, layout orientation, and dining space status. Findings from the experiment indicate that floor plan representations of apartments are rated higher overall than text representations; however they also suggest that the effects of the two focal attributes on apartment preferences are larger for text than floor plan formats. Further, effects of the attributes on apartment preference ratings are shown to depend on the participants’ user goal and on their level of attribute knowledge. The main contribution of this research is that it demonstrates how representation format influences housing preferences, and further, how lay-individuals’ judgements of layout attributes depend on the individual’s goals and their knowledge of the attributes. These findings are relevant for future stated preference studies and for real estate agents and property developers when considering what information to provide to prospective buyers and renters of sight-unseen residential property.
Method for calculating radon activity and radon rejection using a beta-gamma detector
Authors: Mayer Michael F. , Cooper Matthew W. , Ely James H. , Hayes James C.
Published: August 2022

Radon interferes with concentration measurements used by atmospheric radioxenon systems. We demonstrate a method to quantify the amount of radon that is present in the detectors, the impact of radon activity on the minimum-detectable-concentrations, and how to determine the needed radon rejection levels. An example calculation shows a radon rejection level of 105 is sufficient to limit impact on the detector sensitivity. We anticipate this method will give analysist a better understanding of radon present in their measurements and allow system designers to tailor their systems’ radon rejection better for its location.
Update rules and semantic universals
Authors: Incurvati Luca , Sbardolini Giorgio
Published: August 2022

We discuss a well-known puzzle about the lexicalization of logical operators in natural language, in particular connectives and quantifiers. Of the many logically possible operators, only few appear in the lexicon of natural languages: the connectives in English, for example, are conjunction and, disjunction or, and negated disjunction nor; the lexical quantifiers are all, some and no. The logically possible (negated conjunction) and (negated universal) are not expressed by lexical entries in English, nor in any natural language. Moreover, the lexicalized operators are all upward or downward monotone, an observation known as the Monotonicity Universal. We propose a logical explanation of lexical gaps and of the Monotonicity Universal, based on the dynamic behaviour of connectives and quantifiers. We define update potentials for logical operators as procedures to modify the context, under the assumption that an update by $$ \phi $$
ϕ
depends on the logical form of $$ \phi $$
ϕ
and on the speech act performed: assertion or rejection. We conjecture that the adequacy of update potentials determines the limits of lexicalizability for logical operators in natural language. Finally, we show that on this framework the Monotonicity Universal follows from the logical properties of the updates that correspond to each operator.
Major Differences in Minors’ Contracts: A Comparative Analysis into the Validity of Contracts with Minors in the Sport and Entertainment Industry
Authors: Star Shaun , Dhankar Divyangana
Published: August 2022

In Australia and the UK, contracts with minors in sports and entertainment are not uncommon. Generally, such contracts are voidable at the option of the minor. However, when contracts fall within the category of beneficial service, as is the case with most professional sports or entertainment contracts, they will be enforceable against the minor. Indian courts do not prescribe to this view holding contracts with minors, void ab initio and unenforceable against contractual parties, with few exceptions. The policy rationale is embedded in protecting minors from their own rash decisions and preventing unscrupulous parties from taking advantage of a minor’s nascent mental capacity. By analysing divergent approaches on the validity of minors’ contracts in three common law jurisdictions—Australia, India and the UK—the authors highlight inadequacies in legal pronouncements by Indian courts. In India, the legal non-existence and unenforceability of service contracts with minors renders it futile for them or their representatives from negotiating favourable contractual terms beyond welfare measures provided by law as these are unlikely to be upheld. This paper argues that India’s narrow approach fails to acknowledge practical realities of minors’ participation in the increasingly commercialised sports and entertainment industry. In light of more practical approaches in other common law jurisdictions, the authors set out policy recommendations and suggest reforms to the legal position on minors’ capacity to contract in India.