bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain grounded electronic record for healthcare monitoring system
Authors: Saxena Arun
Published: April 2022

The introductory conception of using Blockchain database in order to manage and maintain electronic health records of the case used for covering the health and to give better services and to store and save the data pertaining to the patient health and to make it public to the sphere experts it's veritably important that the data has to be stored in a secured database, so that only the authorize druggies can have the access to the same. So, in order to safe guard the data and to maintain sequestration of the data it's always recommended to have a database which can not be shifted. So, the significance of blockchain is vital to store the data safely. Principally, blockchain is a distributed database where data is participated among the bumps in a network. This database stores information in the electronically digital form. This particular database is more popular to store data pertaining to cryptocurrency systems. Blockchain will help us in furnishing complete security of the records stored and will help in generating trust factor. Further over the blockchain also provides dedication of the data stored.
Vocational education in India
Authors: Boruah Nibedita
Published: April 2022

Vocational Education and Training (VET) is an important element of the nation’s Education initiative. It is related to productivity. Vocational education prepares individuals for jobs and it is the need of the hour for every country to have strong vocational education system. It can be defined as skilled based education. In India there is a need of vocational education which enhances skill development. The Indian education system recognizes the role of education and particularly vocational education. But there are so many challenges in implementation of vocational education. The present paper also looks into the insight of existing policies and initiatives taken by the Government of India to increase the quality of vocational education & skill development in India.
Effectiveness of YouTube advertisement among viewers in Chennai City
Authors: Sukanya N , Subbulakshmi S.
Published: April 2022

Nowadays digital platform plays a prominent role in marketing. The transition from traditional marketing methods to modern marketing tools drastically changed the behavior of the viewers in their purchase decision. Outreach of a product is much more in online advertisements. Facebook, YouTube ,Instagram has created a wider platform for online advertisement . This study aims at analyzing the factors which influence the viewers of YouTube on their purchase decision. This  study also aims at understanding the perception of the viewers towards YouTube advertisement. The study was conducted with the help of a structured questionnaire and sample size used for the study is 100.The statistical tools  used for the study are percentage analysis, weighted average, One way ANOVA and factor analysis. This study helps to find out the the effectiveness of YouTube advertisement. This study suggest that most watched videos should be chosen for giving ads so that numerous viewers watch the advertisement effectively. Efforts can be  taken by the advertisers for creating interest level among viewers so that viewers spend their time in watching the videos without skipping the ads.
Entrepreneurial orientation and strategic management practices in commercial banks
Authors: Priya T. Usha
Published: April 2022

Entrepreneurial orientation by the companies has generated considerable attention in research due to its importance to corporate vitality and generation of wealth in today's global context. Corporate entrepreneurial orientation facilitates the companies' effort to exploit its current advantages, opportunities and competencies required to pursue them successfully. This also contributes to the evolution of corporate strategy by building new opportunities that enable recreation foster strategic change and increases company's performance. Overall, entrepreneurial orientation has become a flourishing research field since it is widely advocated as a means of organizational innovation and has many advantages both at individual and organizational level. Entrepreneurial orientation and strategic management practices are combined in a empirical research investigating the influence of strategic management practices on entrepreneurial orientation of private sector commercial banks.
Efficacy of vaginal weights in pelvic floor dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ganesan Deepthi , Prathap Lavanya , Ling Lee Zhi , ChyeWah Yu , Suganthirababu Prathap , Pandian SankaraKumaran , Ramalingam Vinodhkumar
Published: April 2022

Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) affects women's quality of life because the pelvic floor muscles are unable to contract and relax properly. Kegel exercise is the first line of treatment for PFD, while vaginal cones with weights have recently been used for pelvic floor strengthening. When compared to alternative treatments, various studies have evaluated the effectiveness of vaginal weights or cones in treating PFD. However, there are controversial conclusions reached when the effectiveness of vaginal weights is compared in various ways. The purpose of this study was determine the effectiveness of vaginal weights compared with other interventions in reducing the symptoms of PFD. Using various databases, an extensive literature search was conducted, and a randomised control trial examining the usefulness of vaginal weights in PFD was identified. PRISMA guidelines were used to synthesize the data. The risk of bias tools were used to assess the quality of the selected studies. Results suggest that vaginal cones are effective in treating PFD. However, when it was compared with other treatment modalities, no significant differences were found. Hence, the results are equivocal and cannot be generalized.
Prevalence of dental calculus, dental caries, attrition rate among Indian breeds of buffaloes in Tamilnadu
Authors: Prashanthy M. R , Bharathwaj V. V , Sindhu R. , Dhamodhar Dinesh , Prabu D. , Rajmohan M. , Suganya P.
Published: April 2022

Aim: To assess the prevalence of dental caries, Attrition, Gingivitis, periodontitis and dental recession in various breeds of buffaloes. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Buffaloes to evaluate the prevalence of oral health status among various breeds of buffaloes in Tamilnadu. The study took place for two months, from February 2021 to March 2021, until the desired sample of subjects were recruited for the study. A total of 122 buffaloes were recruited from the blue cross, nanganallur buffalo farm and various Veterinary colleges in Tamilnadu based on the simple random sampling method. Results: The association of various breeds of buffaloes and gingivitis, periodontitis, dental recession, dental Attrition. Buffalo breeds showed a statistically significant association with gingivitis, periodontitis, dental recession, or dental Attrition. (P<0.01). Conclusion: The present study reported that the breed of buffaloes had a significant association with the dental recession, periodontal diseases and attrited teeth. In the modern era, oral health is a reflection of overall health.
The promoting mental health through Buddhadhamma for members of the elderly club in nakhon pathom province, Thailand
Authors: Thepa Phramaha Chakrapol Acharashubho , Khethong Phramaha Khanob Sahayapanno , Saengphrae Jantima
Published: April 2022

Promoting Mental Health (PMH) through Buddhadhamma is researched by qualitative methodology using the technique of phenomenological and followed Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with an in-depth interview and semi-structured forms under the research and development approach by a focus group to create a guideline for the PMH project. Participants are individual 27 interviewees consisting of interview 20 participants from the elderly club members and 7 specialists for a focus group. The purpose of the study is to analyze the important base features of PMH, to analyze the general condition and behaviors for PMH involving practicing in Buddhadhamma belief, and to create a guideline for PMH. The result found the significance of PMH behaviors involving the major of Buddhadhamma focuses on Trisikha. Trisikha approaches daily life, especially by observing the precepts and practices mindfulness regularly and the experiences of facing mental health problems raised when working or doing business, especially during the economic crisis were down. Significant behaviors through the experience of self-promoting mental health were found most of all mentioned the utility of Trisikha is upraising mindfulness.
The family and its contribution in the teaching process in basic general education students
Authors: Zambrano María José Zambrano , Bailón Jeovanny Moisés Benavidez
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this work is to analyze and investigate the way in which families provide their contribution in the teaching process in basic general education students. This study addresses the process of family involvement in the "Eliécer Absalón Valle Carrera" Educational Unit, San Antonio parish in the Chone canton. To do this, it is assumed that the family is how the subjects who are in training receive the first information, learn attitudes and ways of perceiving. From the perspective of a mixed qualitative and quantitative, descriptive methodological approach and from a bibliographic-documentary approach, this work analyzes the relationship between family and educational institution, the articulation with parents and the promotion of their participation, the benefits that entails the active insertion of the family nucleus and how, from this, the work that the family carries out in the home is enhanced, which is understood as the first space where boys and girls develop, and in turn enhances the work that institutions and educational programs carry out.
Students' perceptions of online learning in nursing education in the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amir Haeril , Windasari Dewi Purnama , Sriyanah Nour , Ilyas Halmina , Alam Rizqy Iftitah , Ernasari Ernasari , Agus Al Ihksan
Published: April 2022

Background: COVID-19 means Crown in Latin, COVID-19 is a type of virus that first spread in the city of Wuhan, China and has spread throughout the world, based on data from the World Health Organization (WHO) at the end of May 2021 this virus was confirmed in humans as many as 167,492,769 cases with a total of 3,482,907 deaths, the number of victims due to this virus has become a fear for people around the world. The WHO as the United Nations Health agency responded quickly, classifying it as a pandemic in early May 2020. This virus can cause mild flu to severe respiratory syndrome. This virus has an impact on all sectors namely the Economy, Health and including Education. Objectives: this study aims to conduct a survey on online learning barriers to nursing students.Methods: This research is a quantitative research with a survey design involving 92 research samplesResults: The results of this study are online learning barriers in the form of internet network restrictions, network availability and online learning environment. Conclusion: Online learning is the choice of many universities in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 Virus.
association between body mass index and cardiovascular-related mortality
Authors: Widiyanto Aris , Duarsa Artha Budi Susila , Atmojo Joko Tri , Arjita I Putu Dedy , Anulus Ayu , Putri Santy Irene , Fajriah Asruria Sani
Published: April 2022

The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular (CVD) related mortality has been extensively investigated in the general population. However, the research on this matter is relatively limited, and the conclusions from these studies are inconsistent. This study aimed to review the association between body mass index with CVD related mortality. Articles that reported hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality using standard BMI categories of general populations of adults were selected from the following databases including PubMed, ProQuest, Springer link, and Science direct for English language articles published until 2022. Ten studies were included in this study. Random and Fixed-effects summary of CVD-related mortality HRs were 1.72 (95% CI, 1.51-1.97) for underweight, 1.40 (95% CI, 1.15-1.69), and 1.33 (95% CI, 1.17-1.52) for obesity. Being underweight and obese might increase CVD related mortality in all populations, including males and females.
effect of the treatment with salve of topical tintir castor bark extract (jatropha multifida l) on the number of fibroblast, fibrin formation, and density of collagen in the wound healing process of the rat with the acute injury model
Authors: Junaiddin Junaiddin , Bambungan Yulinda M , Etnis Baktianita Ratna , Untari Untari , Siagian Jenni Lilis S , Wahyuni MPH , Su Hansen Maikel , Arianto M. Faizal , Livana PH , Amir Haeril
Published: April 2022

The use of tradisional medicine in indonesia is part of the culture of the nation and much utilized by society. This study aimed to determine the effect of of  the Treatment With Salve Of Topikal Tintir Castor Bark Extract (Jatropha Multifida L) on the Number of  Fibroblast, Fibrin, Formation, And Density of Collagen In The Wound Healing Process of The Rat With The Acute  Injury  Model  through excision diameter of 0.8 cm x 0.8 on the rat back. The research was conducted in the Animal laboratory of Hasanuddin University and the Education Animal Clinic(KHP), UNHAS. The method used in this research is the post-test control group design only. The sample consisted of 45 Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: negative control (Vaseline), positive control (Oxcytetracilin 3%) and extract stem tintir distance. Data analysis using one way test anova. The study results indicated that on day 3(tree) the fibroblast showed an significant differences between groups of negative group and the tintir castro stem group of 10% (p=0.081) and there was an significant between the positive group and the tintir castro stem group of 10% (p=0.167); and on day 7(seven) and day 14, there was a difference but significant.
Effective methods to prevent or treat anemia in adolescent women
Authors: Swamilaksita Prita Dhyani , Amir Haeril , Suryani Fitra , Livana PH
Published: April 2022

Anemia is a public health problem that can be experienced by all age groups from toddlers to the elderly. This condition is characterized by low levels of hemoglobin (Hb) in the blood, which is < 12 g/dl. The main cause of anemia is iron (Fe) deficiency, but deficiencies of other nutrients such as vitamins A, B12, and folic acid also play a role in the incidence of anemia. The deficiency occurs when the amount of Fe absorbed is not able to meet the body's needs. The program to prevent and control anemia in adolescent girls is carried out by providing iron-folate supplementation or known as Blood Add Tablets (TTD) since 1997 which is given on a daily basis when young girls are in their menstrual period. This study uses a systematic review approach, namely as many as 10 studies of Fe supplementation in adolescent girls 10-19 years which were obtained through electronic search of scientific publications using Google Scholar. The selected study criteria were regarding the intervention of Fe supplementation either alone or in combination with other methods to prevent and control Fe in adolescents during the period 2016-2021.
Renforcer les droits des femmes autochtones et rurales dans la gouvernance des terres communautaires: Dix facteurs de réussite
Authors:   Rights and Resources Initiative
Published: April 2022

De tout temps, les injustices que subissent les femmes en matière de droits fonciers communautaires ont été monnaie courante. Elles sont généralement perpétuées par des pratiques patriarcales au sein des communautés, des normes coutumières et des législations publiques qui négligent, voire discriminent ouvertement, les droits fonciers des femmes rurales et autochtones. S’il est vrai que de plus en plus d’hommes et de femmes remettent en question les coutumes patriarcales au niveau local et s’emploient à les transformer positivement, cette recherche montre que dans les PRFI les droits qui permettraient aux femmes de peser significativement sur les décisions qui déterminent l’utilisation, la gestion, la conservation, la distribution et la transmission des terres et des ressources communautaires demeurent insuffisamment protégés par les lois nationales. De ce point de vue, d’encourageantes initiatives couronnées de succès ont été menées par des groupes locaux et par un large éventail d’organisations de développement, avec pour objectif de promouvoir les droits de gouvernance foncière de femmes rurales et de leurs communautés, le récit de leur progrès mettant en exergue l’autonomie des femmes, leur pouvoir et leur potentiel. Le présent rapport s’attèle au traitement de ces lacunes en identifiant les facteurs qui ont contribué au succès des initiatives locales, nationales et régionales conduites dans des PRFI pour renforcer les droits de gouvernance des femmes autochtones et rurales sur les terres communautaires.
In-Store Technology for Store Positioning and Store Loyalty
Authors:   Research Scholar, The Business School Jammu University, J&K, India, Johar Vibhu , Sharma Alaka ,   Professor, The Business School Jammu University, J&K, India
Published: April 2022

Purpose: Store positioning via technology and retail image are the factors that influence store loyalty and the success of the retail. The objective of this study is to assess the relation between positioning via in-store technology, store image and store loyalty in Indian retail fashion outlets. Furthermore the mediation affect of store image on the in-store technology and store loyalty relationship is analyzed. Design/Methodology/Approach: On a sample of 284 customers, structural equation modelling via Amos has been employed to test the proposed hypotheses. Convenience sampling has been used for data collection. Findings: The results reveal that the in-store technology positively influences store image which further positively impacts customer loyalty towards the store. Finally store image partially mediates the relationship between in-store technology and store image. Originality: The study has empirically tested the relation and provided evidence that in store technology is an important dimension, which shoppers consider to position stores in their minds.
Seasonal Variation of Physiochemical Properties of River Water Samples in Akure, South-Western Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Civil Engineering, the Federal University of Technology, Akure, PMB 704, Ondo State, Nige, Ojo Ochuko M.
Published: April 2022

The effect of seasonal variation on the physicochemical properties of Ala river in Ondo state Nigeria was studied in this research. Thirteen water parameters including Total Hardness (TH), Turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Conductivity, pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Chlorine (Cl), Mangnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn) and Manganese (Mn) were analyzed on the three samples (Ala-Elefosan, Araromi and Oba-Ile) that were considered. From the comparison made between the obtained results and the Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) permissible limit, it can be inferred that there were variations in the water quality from dry to wet season for all the parameters and recommended that adequate water treatment should be carried out before usage irrespective of the season.
Nardostachys jatamansi DC. and its phyto-associates in different alpine areas of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Gargya G. , Sharma A. , Vashistha Harsh
Published: April 2022

The present study was undertaken to understand the population and its distribution of Nardostachys jatamansi in response to its associating species in three different sites of alpine region i.e. Yamunotri, Kedarnath and Dayyara of Garhwal Himalaya. Vegetation analysis to determine community composition associating with N. jatamansi was studied using quadrat sampling method. Analysis of vegetation revealed that the community composition of N. jatamansi in different sites did not vary much. Site-1 (Yamunotri) and Site-3 (Dayyara) showed a total of fifteen species each, while Site-2 (Kedarnath) represented by a total of twelve plant species. Species diversity was slightly higher in Site-1 than Site-2 and Site-3. The comparative analysis of total plant density at each site versus the individual contribution of N. jatamansi at Site-1, Site-2 and Site-3 showed the 33.62 %, 25.12%, and 14.92 % contribution in total density of all species.
Utilization of some Ethnobotanical plants as Agricultural tools, Musical instruments and Domestic goods by the Bhil Tribe of Ratlam District (M.P.)
Authors: Jadhav Dinesh
Published: April 2022

Frequent ethnobotanical surveys were conducted between August 2004 to March 2008 in different tribal inhabited villages of Ratlam district (M. P.). These surveys were carried out to identify the multipurpose usable plants in the tribal inhabited villages of the district. Results of these surveys indicated that 24 Angiosperm plant species of 23 genera under 19 families are used by the tribal people for making agricultural tools, musical instruments and domestic goods. For each species the information regarding the botanical names, local names, family and ethnobotanical uses have been provided.
A Preliminary Study on the Grass Flora of Mahe, U.T. of Puducherry, India
Authors: Harsha M. , Pradeepkumar G. , Sasikala K. , Kabeer K.A.A.
Published: April 2022

Mahe, U.T. of Puducherry occupies a unique geographical position near to the Arabian Sea. It covers an area of 9km2. A preliminary study on the grass flora of Mahe was carried out. It resulted in the documentation of 58 taxa belonging to 38 genera. In addition, the status, threats and their conservation strategies are also discussed.
Exploring Materials in An Open Lab
Authors: Chen Jun , Zhao Lidong
Published: April 2022

N/A
First Report of Bacterial Wilt by Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum on Peanut in Korea
Authors: Choi Soo Yeon , Kim Nam Goo , Kim Sang-Min , Lee Bong Choon
Published: April 2022

A peanut plant showing wilt and browned symptom was found in the field of Gochang, Korea, in July 2021. The symptomatic peanut plant was collected from the field and isolation of the pathogen caused the wilt symptom was performed using the collected sample on TZC media. The dominated colony on media was isolated colony on media was isolated and subcultured of purification. The pure cultured bacteria was identified as <>iRalstonia solanacearum by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction using phylotype-specific primer set identified isolate as phylotype I (R. pseudosolanacearum). Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on 16S rRNA sequence and it was closed with R. pseudosolanacearum. Pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed by soil drenching inoculation on 4-week-old peanut plant. The wilt symptom was successfully reproduced by inoculation of the isolates after 14 days. This is first report of bacterial wilt caused by R. pseudosolanacearum on peanut in Korea.
Line type angel echoes observed at Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta
Authors: BHATTACHARYYA P. , RAKSHIT D. K. , DE A. C.
Published: April 2022

Two instances of line type angel echoes as observed on the scope of a high powered 3-cm radar at Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta, have been presented in this paper. These appeared in the vicinity of thunderstorm cloud cells and were detected prior to the occurrence of surface squalls. The possible sources of the angel echoes have been discussed. It has been suggested that the line type angel echoes were due to undercutting of the weather front.
Determination of ozone amounts from zenith sky observations
Authors: SANYAL S. K.
Published: April 2022

The total amounts of ozone are normally determined from direct sun observations with the help of a Dobson's spectrophotometer. In this paper preparation of zenith sky charts from zenith sky ozone observations has been explained. It has been shown that on occasions when ozone observations from direct sunlight are not possible due to clouds covering the sun, ozone amounts can be determined with reasonable degree of accuracy from zenith sky observations with the help of these zenith sky charts.
Orographical influence on the air flow over Brahmaputra Valley
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , GHOSH S. K.
Published: April 2022

Airflow over Assam during different seasons has been examined, It has been shown that except during the monsoon, easterly air at the lower levels originates from the Himalayas. These are more marked during winter. Similarly it has been shown that there is a tendency for air to flow towards Himalayas during monsoon, Basing on this tendency the distribution of fog in winter over the whole valley has been explained. The effect of this air on the- formation of thunderstorm activity over Brahmaputra valley has also been indicated.
Correlation between mean annual rainfall and its standard deviation
Authors: ANTARKAR V. N.
Published: April 2022

The hypothesis that linear relationship exists between mean rainfall and its standard deviation is tested in case of Rajasthan by obtaining correlation coefficient between them and developing linear regression. It is seen that high correlation exists and that the observed differences between the estimated and actual standard deviation are not, on the basis of Standard Error of estimate, significant. Relative error in ,the estimate is also generally small.
A note on wind-finding with weather radar
Authors: SUBRAMANIAN D. V.
Published: April 2022

A method or estimating upper winds under adverse weather conditions, by radar observations on the movement of clouds containing perceptible water content, is described, The utility and limitations or the method are discussed.
Radar study of a hailstorm over Gauhati on 17 April 1962
Authors: SHARMA B. L.
Published: April 2022

On 17 April 1962 at 1520. IST, a hailstorm occurred over Gauhati Airport. Radar. scope pictures showed four strong echoes in a straight line moving towards the station from the west with different speeds. The nearest echo was overtaken by other three very near the station, and they merged into a single cell, showing a small blunt protuberance ill the rear. After a few minutes it developed into a hook as hailstorm broke over the station.
Seasonal variation of the Radio Refractive Index over India and neighbourhood
Authors: MAHESRWARI R. C.
Published: April 2022

From the mean monthly surface value of the radio refractive index, a reduced sea level value of the parameter has been computed and charts prepared for the four selected months of the year, viz., January, May, August and November. A network of 62 stations in and near India has been utilized for this purpose. It is seen that the climatic differences are very prominently depicted by the variation in the value of the refractive index for these months. The maximum seasonal variation is observed in the northern and the central parts of the country. North-south and east. west cross sections of the radio refractive index structure are also presented.
A study of a typical case of interaction of an easterly wave with a westerly trough during the post monsoon period
Authors: RANGANATHAN C. , SOUNDARARAJAN K.
Published: April 2022

A spell of heavy rain which first occurred over south India and later gradually spread northwards in the course of about three days during the first week of December 1962 has been studied. An easterly wave which had been affecting south India on 1 December moved out into the Arabian Sea and interacted with a trough in the westerlies which was moving across Rajasthan and northern plains of India in association with a western disturbance. The result of the interaction on 2 December and on subsequent days, which was facilitated by the presence of an induced low in between them, was the formation of an extended trough in the low level easterlies. The northern part of the extended trough in which was embedded the induced low, then moved eastward and got fractured. The fracture of the waves was accompanied by the weakening of the trough systems, as well as the induced low. Unprecedented heavy rains for the month occurred in Madhya Pradesh and Vidarbha and broke the all-time record for the month at a number of stations during and after the formation of the extended trough.
The severe cyclonic storm of 11-12 June 1964 in the Arabian Sea and some of its surface characteristics
Authors: RAMAN S.
Published: April 2022

A severe cyclonic storm which developed in the east central Arabian Sea in the second week of June 1964, moved northwards and struck the Kathiawar coast causing serious havoc. A brief account of this storm together with the relevant synoptic features are given in the paper. The study reveals some of the noteworthy surface characteristics of the storm in respect of surface pressure, wind field, speed of movement and surface temperature which are discussed in the paper.
Cirriform clouds over India- Heights and Temperatures
Authors: DESHPANDE D. V.
Published: April 2022

Aviators and meteorologists alike have now-a.days become increasingly concerned with cirriform clouds. Information regarding the characteristics of cirriform clouds over tropical countries is very meagre. All available data of these clouds obtained by high-altitude aircraft flights ovor India during the last seven years have been analysed. These include reports of the meteorological reconnaissance flights by the I.A.F. aircraft an.d Met. reports by civil jet aircraft. The mean heights of cirriform clouds, their extremes thickness and amounts have been computed. The diurnal, regional and seasonal variations are also discussed. Other parameters investigated include turbulence, winds, icing and visibility in and near these clouds. A typical synoptlc situation giving rise to extensive cirriform clouds is also presented.
Methods of measuring winds and temperatures in the upper atmosphere with small rockets
Authors: RAO M. S. V. , SIKDAR D. N.
Published: April 2022

The Indian Meteorological Rocket Launching Programme was initiated at Thumba on 14 July 1964. During the following six months seven Judi-Dart rockets and eleven test rockets were fired. The chaff payload released from the Judi-Dart rockets were tracked by an MPS-19 radar system. The data thus collected were reduced following a method which is a simple adaptation of the India Meteorological Department graphical technique.

 

This paper includes a description of the Judi-Dart and test rockets as well as the radar system. The method of data reduction employed at Thumba is explained with an actual example. A comparison is drawn between this method and the one employed in the U.S.A. (Wallops station).

 

A few remarks are added on the present International ROCOB Code in the light of the experience gained at Thumba.

 

A brief survey is also included of techniques of measuring winds and temperatures with small meteorological rockets which are currently in use in other countries and some of which may be adopted at Thumba in future.
Surface heat budget estimates at selected areas of north Indian Ocean du:ing Monsoon-77
Authors: RAO RR , RAMAM KVS , RAO DS , JOSEPH MX
Published: April 2022

Surface marine mcteorological and solar radiation data collected during Monsoon-77 from USSR four ship stationary polygons are made use of to describe the space-time variability of surface atmospheric layer characteristics and the ocean surface heat budget components at selected areas of north Indian Ocean. Significant differences in the characteristics of heat budget components during the onset and progress of summer monsoon are noticed. Spatial non-homogeneity in the energy feed to the monsoonal flow from the ocean surface is highlighted. Energy input to the atmosphere from ocean during disturbed weather is found to be approximately double the corresponding value during fair weather period.
A simple method for assessment of atmospheric turbidity
Authors: MAJUMDAR NC , WALMIK NC , AGARWAL BK
Published: April 2022

Based on the concept underlying Linke's (1942) turbidity factor, T, a rational turbidity factor, Tr. was defined by Majumdar et.at. (1978), in which "Virtual variation with air mass" was minimised. Since both these factors include the effect of variable water vapour in the atmosphere, the same has been eliminated with the help of Schott red filter, RG-2. A new index of turbidity, T, has now been defined on the basis of two measurements of direct solar intensity with and without filter.
Spectra and gross features of vertical temperature and salinity profiles off the central west coast of India
Authors: ARKEY MJV
Published: April 2022

Continuous vertical profiles of temperature and salinity recorded by a CTD-system  from the continental slope and the continental rise off Goa, west coast of India, were used for delineating the gross statistical features of the fine structure and to understand the underlying physical processes. Spectra of temperature and salinity fluctuations from the different stations showed similar patterns and trend of decrease to a wave length of about 10 m, generally with a crest like feature at 20 m wave length. The estimates of spectral density for temperature and salinity were comparatively very high for low wave numbers and showed a difference varying from 1.5 to 2 decades. The spectra for the range 0-0.11 cy /m computed using the perturbation series from a First Difference filter and corrected for the filter-response followed an average slope of -2.9 (range: -2.57 to -3.43 and std. dev. : .-0.3) and --2.6 (range: -2.05 to -3.15 and std. dev. : --0.36) with correlation coefficients -0.96 and -0.92 for temperature and salinity respectively. Coherency estimates were high (> 0.8) for the range 0-0.02 cy /m and were independent of the distance between stations showing the spatial homogeneity of low wave number processes.. Correlation coefficients between T` and S` and the individual standard deviations for different layers increased with increasing filter length and generally decreased with depth. Both horizontal and vertical mixing processes were very active in the upper water column (0-250 m). In the deeper layers, > 500 m. non-isopycnal mixing processes were found to be active.
Vorticity of vector change of wind during 24 hours related to spatial distribution of rainfall during the next 24 hours.
Authors: SAXENA VP
Published: April 2022

From the study of wind changes at various levels over Indian area during the monsoon period, it is seen that the stream-lines of 24-ho.ur wind changes contain cyclonic and anti-cyclonic vortices, which are not indicated in the stream-line analysis of the actual wind flow at these levels on the day of forecast. The regions of these vortices are sometimes associated with rainfall over that area during the subsequent 24 hours. However, it is not too often that well defined cyclonic or anti-cyclonic circulation of wind changes which obviously indicate large positive or negative vorticity changes occur. Thus, in order to know the vorticity changes in the area concerned, the actual value of the change is calculated.

Vector wind changes at 00 GMT on the day of forecast with respect to its previous day are calculated at 850 mb for all PB/RW stations. The area is divided: into a number of triangles by joining these stations suitably taking care' that the triangles so formed are more or less equilateral.Vorticity of these triangular areas are calculated with the help of Bellamy's grid. The vertical component of the vorticity in the area is related to the rainfall which occurs during the next 24 hours. A forecast scheme is suggested for prediction of spatial distribution of rainfall during the next 24 hours.
A study of 300 and 200 mb temperature and Wind over India in relation to forecasting Onset of monsoon
Authors: GUPTA HN , ALI HAMID
Published: April 2022

Monthly wind and temperature data at 300 mb and 200 mb for the month of April, t for the years 1961-77 for the stations, viz., Trivandrum, Madras, Bombay, Nagpur, Ahmedabad, Jodhpur and Delhi have been studied. Latitudinal distribution of temperature shows that at 200 mb level Bombay is on the average colder for the years of late onset of monsoon (1964, 1967, 1968, 1972 and 1973) than the years of early onset (1961, 1962, 1970 and' 1971). At 300 mb level on an average (based on 17 years data) Bombay is warmer than Nagpur by about 0.9 deg. C. However for the years of late onset of monsoon Bombay is colder than Nagpur by 0.1 deg. C and for early onset Bombay is warmer than Nagpur by 2.3 deg. C. Mean meridional wind component at 300 mb over Bombay is northerly for the years of early onset and it is southerly for the years of late onset. Onset of southwest monsoon for 1979 (MONEX year) is also discussed.
Moisture flux and vergence of water vapour over India during drought and good monsoons
Authors: RAO GAPPA
Published: April 2022

Water vapour flux and vergence of moisture during drought and good monsoon seasons over India have been computed. The net moisture vergence over the country have been obtained. The diurnal variations in the fluxes and vergence based on 00 and 12 GMT observations have been evaluated. The contrasting features between the two years are discussed.
Long range forecast of the onset of the monsoon
Authors: THIRUVENGADATHAN A , RAO CVVS
Published: April 2022

A study of the cross-section charts along longitude 75 deg. E from latitude 8 deg. to 55 deg. N for the 200 mb lever and the monthly mean constant pressure charts for all standard levels from 850 to 100 mb for 1he area, equator to Lat. 55 deg. Nand .Long. 20 deg. To 100 deg. E for the months of April and May for two contrasting years, 1971 when the southwest monsoon advanced 7 to 10 days ahead of the normal date over most parts of the country and 1972, when the advance of the monsoon was delayed by 10 to 15 days, shows that a few upper air parameters of pre-monsoon months at 200 mb are useful for forecasting the onset of .the monsoon over the country outside south Peninsula, and northwest India. These parameters are (i) the nature and magnitude of the horizontar shear of the zonal westerlies near Lat. 30 deg. to 35 deg. N, over the longitudinal belt 60 deg. to 100 deg. E, (ii) the presence or absence of a trough near Long. 85 deg. E over northeast India, (iii) wind .anomaly pattern over Pakistan and neighbourhood and (iv) the departure from normal of upper air temperature over the area Lat. 30. deg. to 40 deg, N and Long, 80 deg. to 100 deg. E. The paper also presents the result~ of -ve1'1ficatlon of the utility of the above, parameters in forecasting the onset of the monsoon for the years, 1975 to 1979 and the anomaly pattern for the period, 1.957 to 1974 as well. It has been found that the parameter~ provide reliable indication regarding the onset of monsoon over Bihar, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh. Some indication can also be drawn for monsoon onset over Gujarat, north Peninsula and east Uttar Pradesh.
An international library for numerical analysis: INTERLIB
Authors: PIRONNEAU O
Published: April 2022

Softwares for numerical analysis may be classified into groups: the currently available  softwares, the easy-to-write-yourself softwares and the hard-to-find-modern-software.

 INTERLIB is an international pool of users of the third kind of softwares who realize that it  is very difficult to use your friend's software if it is not properly documented.

Methods After a trial period of one year some general principles can be stated on what to do in such a  library which is built from independent contributions. The present state of the library will also be presented: it contains mostly Fortran routines for the solution of partial differential equations but, it is in principle by no means limited to this field.

The Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, has decided to join INTERLIB, therefore, any routine of INTERLIB is available to the attendant through them.
Moduleco, software for macroeconomic modelization
Authors: NEPOMIASTCHY PIERRE
Published: April 2022

The paper describes the Moduleco system which is designed to facilitate the construction and the use of large scale (1000 equations or more) dynamic and non-linear macroecenomic models.

The Moduleco system will include a software for the management of the time-series data base, a special modeling language for the model equations Input, a special common language to active the tasks, several tools of formal computation and an interactive language for easy data input-output and for easy scenario generation.

The paper describes also the mathematical algorithms which are to be included in the Moduleco system. Indeed, we have noticed that most of the macroeconomic models can be put in a quasi triangular form: possibly after renumbering of the variables and equations, there exist a small set of variables, called loop variables, such as for given values of them, the remaining model is triangular and can be solved directly. As we have shown that quasi-triangular models can be simulated and optimized. much faster than general ones, the Moduleco system will include methods for automatic renumbering of variables and equations in order to minimize the number of loop variables.

The simulation and optimization algorithms will then be adapted to take into account this quasi triangularity. Experiments made on 4 concrete macroeconomic models have shown the efficiency of the proposed methods.

Moreover, the adjoint variable technique, well known in optimal control theory, has been adapted to the structure of macroeconomic models. On the example of the French STAR model (139 equations), it is shown that this technique is 106 times faster to compute the gradient than the finite difference technique generally used by economists.
Model predictions of mean carbon monoxide concentration for Delhi
Authors: RAGHAVAN NIRUPAMA , PADMANABHAMURTY B
Published: April 2022

Model calculations of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations for urban Delhi for a winter month have been made. In this model mixing heights and stabilities also are used. The spatial pattern showed pockets of high concentration downwind of city centre. The study confirmed the sensitivity of CO concentrations to wind speed and direction and moderate sensitivity to emissions  and hour of day.
Optimal control of free-boundary systems applied to continuous casting process
Authors: SAGUEZ C
Published: April 2022

We present a general method to solve an optimal control problem for a free- boundary system associated with a continuous casting process. Firstly, we formulate the physical problem by using the enthalpy function of the system, which is a maximal monotone operator. By the introduction of the Yosida approximation, we obtain necessary optimality conditions. Then numerically, we use a gradient method. Finally some numerical results are presented for two cases of contraints.
Characteristics of composite low level jet over the Arabian Sea during the spell 21-27 June of Monsoon Experiment (MONEX), 1979
Authors: ASTHANA HI
Published: April 2022

The paper reveals the existence of the composite low level jet over the Arabian Sea in the latitudinal belt of 8 deg. and 12 deg. N from longitude 56 deg. E to 66 deg. E based on MONEX-1979 data during the spell 21-27 June 1979, when no low level disturbance is present over the region.

It is observed that during the spell the low level jets have two branches and the lower branch is a broad band of low-level jet with great longitudinal span embedded in strong westerly zonal flow and divergence field.

An examination of the composite mean tephigrams during the spell reveals that the low level jets at 850 mb level occur mostly at the boundary of moist and dry air masses with saturated adiabatic lapse aloft. To test the reliability of the ideas reported so far in the light of the present investigation some of the results of the composite low level jet have been compared with observations mainly those by Desai et at. (1976) based on individual case studies of the low level jet and the results compare favourably well in some aspects.
Frequency of Lumber Disc Degenerative Diseases in Patients with and Without Radiculopathy and Low Back Pain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Zafar Khadija , Batool Narjis , Ali Abid , Arshad Nosheen , Dar Waqar Mahmood , Naeem Adrash
Published: April 2022

Degenerative lumbar disc disease is a condition in which an intervertebral disk and surrounding spinal components are weakened. This might be due to age or a pathogenic cause. Individuals may complain of low back pain. Objective: To determine the pattern of lumbar spine and disc degenerative diseases amongst patients having or not having Low Back Pain with or without radiculopathy diagnosed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Methods: Data was collected following inclusion criteria using convenient sampling technique. A total of 266 Patients undergone Lumber MRI scans on MRI Machine 1.5T Phillips. Data was collected from Radiology Department of Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Age Groups, Gender frequencies were mentioned. Cross Tabulation of Lumber Disc Degenerative Diseases with age and Gender was done and Chi square was applied. P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: The most prevalent age group for disc degeneration was 40-59 having 56.8 %. Females with disc degeneration have the highest frequency of 143 (53.8%) while males were 123 (48.2%). Lumber Disc degeneration was 101 (38%), Disc Herniation 54 (20.3%), and last with lowest presence of Spinal Canal Stenosis 18 (6.8%). Patients with Radiculopathy with Low back Pain was 61 (22.93%) and only LBP was the most common between the patients having 205 (77.1%). Cross Tabulation of Age Groups with Lumber Disc Pathologies was Significant having P value 0.05. Conclusion: In conclusion MRI can detect Disc Degeneration, Disc Herniation & Buldges, and Spinal Canal Stenosis & Nerve Root Compression. It can be considered significant and accurate to avoid any other interventional procedures. It is also concluded the LBP is an important factor in Disc Degenerative changes & radiculopathy is less seen.
Preoperative Anemia as a Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgical Patients: Our Four Years’ Experience
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Islam Mujahid Ul , Shahid Muhammad , Jan Azam , Khan Bahauddin , Shakil Rafat , Arif Shah , Ali Faizan Ahmad
Published: April 2022

Preoperative anemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after cardiac surgery, so we looked into the effect of preoperative hemoglobin levels on early outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Objective: To assess the role of preoperative anemia as a predictor of morbidity and mortality among patients who went through coronary artery bypass surgery. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out among patients who suffered from isolated CABG surgery. These patients were considered anemic with hematocrit levels less than 35.0 in females and less than 40.0 in males. The results were evaluated by using SPSS 24.0. Results: Overall mortality rate among patients who went through CABG was 3.9%. The mean hematocrit level among these patients was less than 30. Conclusions: It is concluded that the patients presented with preoperative anemia who have to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery are more likely to encounter co-morbidities and death after the surgery.