bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of Cissus (Vitaceae) focusing on South American species
Authors: Rodrigues Jacqueline Gomes , Lombardi Julio Antonio , Lovato Maria Bernadete
Published: April 2014

Widespread in the tropics, Cissus includes more than 300 species with great morphological diversity. Of the 78 species found in the New World, 64 grow in South America. This paper investigates phylogenetic relationships within Cissus, focusing on the South American species, insufficiently sampled in previous studies. Both plastid (trnL intron, trnL‐F intergenic spacer, rps16) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences were analyzed with parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian inference. Divergence times were estimated with relaxed‐clock Bayesian molecular dating. The evolution of leaf shape was reconstructed using parsimony. South American Cissus is resolved as not monophyletic. It consists of three clades: Cissus striata, Cissus trianae, and core Cissus. A clear separation between the Cissus striata clade and the other Cissus species was observed based on molecular and morphological characters. The relationship between the only species of the Cissus trianae clade and those of core Cissus is not clarified by our data. The geographic disjunction between the New and Old World taxa of core Cissus was estimated to have originated in the Late Eocene, and diversification in the Americas started in the Oligocene. In spite of the plasticity of leaf shape within species or individuals, this character is considered useful for infrageneric classification.
Lectotypification of the Linnaean names Ricciafluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae)
Authors: Iamonico Duilio , Iberite Mauro
Published: April 2014

The typifications of the Linnaean names Riccia fluitans and R. natans (Ricciaceae) are discussed. A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium and an illustration from Dillenius are designated as the respective lectotypes for the two names.
Atividade de Voo de Rhodnius robustus Larrousse em Laboratório (Hemiptera:Reduviidae).
Authors: Rocha Dayse da Silva , Jurberg José , Galvão Cleber
Published: April 2014

Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, é uma espécie silvestre encontrada na região Norte do Brasil (Acre, Amazonas e Pará), Guiana Francesa, Bolívia, Colômbia, Equador, Peru e Venezuela. Essa espécie tem sido encontrada em domicílios e peridomicílios e já foi observada naturalmente infectada por Trypanossoma cruzi Chagas, Trypanossoma rangeli Tejera e com infecção mista. A partir de observações realizadas em laboratório, foi avaliada a capacidade de voo, correlacionando essa atividade com a quantidade de sangue ingerido, sexo e período de jejum. Apesar da temperatura elevada (33º C), 26% dos insetos não voaram sugerindo a influência de fatores intrínsecos na capacidade de voo de R. robustus.

Flight Activity of Rhodnius robustus Larrousse in Laboratory (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae

Abstract. Rhodnius robustus Larrousse, is a sylvatic species found in northern Brazil (Acre, Amazonas and Pará), Guyana, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. This species has been found in and around the dwellings, have been data collection of this species naturally infected with Trypanossoma cruzi Chagas, Trypanossoma rangeli Tejera and mixed infections. From observations made in the laboratory, we evaluated the ability of flight, correlating this activity with the amount of ingested blood, sex and fasting period. Despite the high temperature (33º C), 26% of the insects flew suggesting the influence of intrinsic factors in flight capacity of R. robustus.
Aumento da Sobrevivência de Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus), em Condições de Laboratório, pela Ingestão de Néctar Extrafloral de Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae)
Authors: Oliveira Nathalia Cavichiolli de , Souza Antonio Pancracio de
Published: April 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar em laboratório se Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), importante vetor da dengue e febre amarela, alimenta-se do néctar de Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae) , planta comumente utilizada nos domicílios como cerca viva, e avaliar o efeito desta alimentação em sua sobrevivência. O tempo de vida de ambos os sexos foi acompanhado diariamente e um teste de detecção de frutose foi utilizado para a comprovação da ingestão de açúcar pelos mosquitos. O acesso diário ao néctar conferiu um aumento significativo no tempo de vida de machos e fêmeas (12,8 e 18,4 dias, respectivamente), em relação aos mosquitos mantidos somente com água (6,4 e 7,4 dias, respectivamente). Plantas em ambientes domésticos, produtoras de néctar e adequadas à alimentação do mesmo pelos mosquitos, assim como E. milii, possuem o potencial de desempenhar um significativo papel no orçamento energético de mosquitos. Um aumento na sobrevivência de fêmeas pode significar um aumento na probabilidade de infecção e transmissão de agentes patogênicos e nos machos um aumento na probabilidade de inseminação das fêmeas. Ainda que frequentemente desconsiderada em pesquisas ou táticas de controle, a propensão do mosquito Ae. aegypti em ingerir açúcares pode ser uma variável que confira vantagens a este vetor.

Increases Survival of Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) Under Laboratory Condition by the Ingestion Extrafloral Nectar of Euphorbia milii Des Moul. (Euphorbiaceae)

Abstract. The objective this study was to determine if in laboratory, Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (L.), an important vector of dengue and yellow fever, feeds on the nectar of Euphorbia milii Des Moul (Euphorbiaceae) , plant commonly used in homes as a hedge, and evaluate the effect of feeding on survival. The lifetime of both sexes was checked daily and a test for fructose was used for verification of sugar intake by mosquitoes. The daily access to the nectar gave a significant increase in the lifetime of males and females (12.8 and 18.4 days, respectively) in relation to mosquitoes maintained only with water (6.4 and 7.4 days, respectively). Plants in domestic environments, producing nectar and suitable for feeding by mosquitoes of the same, as well as E. milii, have the potential to play a significant role in the energy budget of mosquitoes. An increase in the survival of females can mean an increased likelihood of infection and disease transmission in males and an increased likelihood of insemination of females. Although often overlooked in research and control tactics, the propensity of the mosquito Ae. aegypti ingesting sugars can be a variable that confers advantages to this vector.
Isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) para controle de Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Hayashida Eduardo Kenji , Kassab Samir Oliveira , Loureiro Elisângela de Souza , Rossoni Camila , Barbosa Rogério Hidalgo , Silva Antônio de Souza , Costa Daniele Perassa
Published: April 2014

A seleção de fungos entomopatogênicos é necessária para que se conheça a eficiência de diferentes isolados e se possa eleger o mais adequado para sua utilização em programas de controle biológico. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência dos isolados de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD 07 e UFGD 22), obtidos em Mato Grosso do Sul, em Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. O ensaio experimental foi composto por um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 5 tratamentos e 10 repetições, com 5 lagartas padronizadas por tamanho em cada repetição. De maneira geral, M. anisopliae afetou o ciclo biológico de D. saccharalis e o desenvolvimento desta praga é afetado pelo fungo. A percentagem de lagartas que empuparam variou de 64,00% a 88,60%. O tratamento com o isolado UFGD 03 apresentou maior percentagem de pupas mortas (68,00%) em relação aos demais isolados testados e quando comparado ao valor da testemunha (11,00%). A emergência dos adultos de D. saccharalis foi de 87,02% na testemunha. Nos tratamentos com o fungo, houve variação de 35,20%, 38,00%, 40,00%, 52,80% proporcionada pelos isolados UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 e UFGD 07, respectivamente.

Isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) for the control of Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

Abstract. The selection of entomopathogenic fungus that is a necessary to know the efficiency of different isolates and one can choose the most suitable for use in biological control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin (UFGD 03, UFGD 05, UFGD UFGD 07 and UFGD 22), obtained in Mato Grosso do Sul on the Diatraea saccharalis Fabricius. The experimental trial consisted of a completely randomized design with five treatments and 10 repetitions with 5 caterpillars standardized size in each repetition. In general, M. anisopliae affects the life cycle of D. saccharalis and development of this pest is affected by the fungus. The percentage of caterpillars that pupae ranged from 64.00% to 88.60%. Treatment with isolated UFGD 03 had a higher percentage of dead pupae (68.00%) compared to other isolates tested and compared to the control value (11.00%). The adult emergence of D. saccharalis was 87.02% in the control. In the treatments with the fungus, there was a variation of 35.20%, 38.00%, 40.00%, 52.80% provided by isolates UFGD 22, UFGD 03, UFGD 05 and UFGD 07, respectively.
Efeito do Envelhecimento de Isca na Captura de Moscas (Diptera: Brachycera) em Área de Caatinga
Authors: Nascimento Eduardo , Ambrogi Bianca , Souto Leandro Sousa , Vilas-Bôas Marcelo , Uchôa Manoel
Published: April 2014

Espécies de Diptera, principalmente as moscas, tem se mostrado como potenciais bioindicadores para mudanças ambientais. Para captura destes animais, há diferentes métodos, incluindo as armadilhas com atrativos alimentares. Neste estudo, para avaliar a eficiência de armadilhas na captura de moscas usando isca de melaço de cana-de-açúcar, foram avaliados os parâmetros ecológicos: abundância, riqueza e composição de espécies de moscas, comparando diferentes períodos de exposição das armadilhas em campo: 24, 48, 72 e 96h. A riqueza e abundância apresentaram mudança significativa em relação ao tempo de exposição da isca, tendo se estabilizado após 48h, e a composição diferiu entre o primeiro dia (24h) e os demais (48, 72, 96h).

Effect of Aging Bait for Catching Flies (Diptera: Brachycera) in a Caatinga Area

Abstract. Diptera species, especially flies, has shown potential as bioindicators for environmental changes. There are different methods to capture these animals, including traps with food baits. In this study, we assess the efficiency of traps for catching flies using bait of cane sugar molasses, analyzing the ecological parameters: abundance, species richness and species composition of flies during different periods of exposure of the traps in the field: 24, 48, 72 and 96h. Species richness and abundance showed significant change with respect to exposure time in the field, with stabilization after 48h, and species composition differed between the first and the other days.
Dinâmica Populacional de Mosca-Branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Biótipo B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em Feijoeiro
Authors: Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Boiça Junior Arlindo Leal , Farias Paulo Roberto Silva , Souza Bruno Henrique Sardinha de , Rodrigues Nara Elisa Lobato , Jesus Flávio Gonçalves de
Published: April 2014

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a influência dos fatores abióticos na dinâmica populacional da mosca-branca Bemisia tabaci (Genn.,) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) em três épocas de semeadura de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Os ensaios foram instalados de junho de 2010 a abril de 2012, todos conduzidos no Departamento de Fitossanidade da FCAV/UNESP – Campus de Jaboticabal, SP. Os estudos de dinâmica populacional de B. tabaci biótipo B, foram obtidos através da avaliação semanal da infestação de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca por 18 avaliações, sendo seis para cada época de semeadura: “de inverno”, “das águas” e “da seca”, respectivamente, além da influência dos fatores abióticos, temperatura e umidade relativa (mínima, média e máxima) semanal e precipitação pluviométrica acumulada, sendo essas variáveis correlacionadas com o número total de ovos, ninfas e adultos de mosca-branca através de uma análise do tipo correlação linear de Pearson (r). Dentre os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que os picos populacionais de B. tabaci biótipo B ocorreram na semeadura “das águas”, seguido pelas semeaduras “de inverno” e “da seca” e que os fatores abióticos temperatura e umidade relativa influenciaram negativamente na dinâmica populacional de mosca-branca.

Population Dynamics of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) Biotype B (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on Bean Plants

Abstract. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of abiotic factors on the population dynamics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.,) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in three sowing seasons on bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The assays were set up from June 2010 to April 2012 and conducted in the Departamento de Fitossanidade at FCAV/UNESP – Campus of Jaboticabal, SP. The studies of the population dynamics of B. tabaci biotype B were performed weekly through infestation assessments of eggs, nymphs and adults of the whitefly on 18 samplings, six for each sowing season: “winter”, “water” and “dry”, in addition to the influence of the abiotic factors weekly temperature and relative humidity (minimum, average and maximum) and accumulated rainfall. These variables were correlated to the total number of eggs, nymphs and adults of the whitefly through Pearson’s linear correlation analysis. Among the obtained results, the population peaks of B. tabaci biotype B occurred at the “water” season, followed by “winter” and “dry” seasons, and the abiotic factors temperature and relative humidity influenced negatively the population dynamics of the whitefly.
Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea e Papilionoidea) de uma área de Semiárido na região nordeste do Brasil.
Authors: Lima José Nicássio Rocha , Zacca Thamara
Published: April 2014

O Semiárido brasileiro corresponde, praticamente, aos limites do bioma Caatinga, sendo uma das regiões com menor número de unidades de conservação e com maior deficiência em estudos da biodiversidade de borboletas. Sendo assim, inventários visando contribuir para o conhecimento da diversidade local são extremamente necessários e urgentes. No presente estudo, uma lista das espécies de borboletas da Serra da Fumaça (Pindobaçu, Bahia, Brasil), foi elaborada baseada em amostragens mensais realizadas no período de Abril a Outubro de 2011, com duração de dois dias. Foram utilizadas rede entomológica e armadilhas com iscas de banana fermentada em caldo-de-cana. Em um total de 1.295 horas de amostragem (97 horas de captura com rede entomológica e 1.198 horas com armadilhas) foram registrados 756 indivíduos de 121 espécies, das quais dezessete são novos registros para o Semiárido e quatro, exclusivamente, para o estado da Bahia.

List of Butterflies Species (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in a Northeastern Brazilian Semiarid Area

Abstract. The Brazilian Semiarid region practically corresponds to the Caatinga biome boundary, being one of the regions with lowest number of conservations unities and greater deficiency in butterflies’ biodiversity studies. Therefore, inventories in order to contribute to knowledge of local diversity are extremely necessary and urgent. In the present study, a list of butterflies’ species from Serra da Fumaça (municipality of Pindobaçu, state of Bahia, Brazil) was developed based on monthly sampling carried out from April to October 2011, lasting two days. The methods used were active capture with entomological nets and traps baited of fermented banana with juice sugar cane. In a total of 1,295 hours of sampling (97 hours of capture with entomological nets and 1,198 hours with traps) were registered 756 individuals of 121 species, of which seventeen are new records for the Semiarid region and four, exclusively, to state of Bahia.
Ovitrampas para Avaliação da Presença de Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) no Município de Vassouras, Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Alexandre de Araujo , Maleck Marise
Published: April 2014

Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) e Aedes albopictus (Skuse) são vetores de diversas arboviroses entre elas a febre amarela urbana e a dengue, sendo a última um dos maiores problemas no mundo em cidades que possuem clima quente e úmido. Diante dos consecutivos casos de dengue em Vassouras-RJ foi importante averiguar a presença e comportamento do vetor nas diversas épocas do ano e sua predominância no município. Neste estudo observou-se a presença de Ae. aegypti em 10,44% e Ae. albopictus em 89,56% dos 364 ovos que se tornaram viáveis, e sendo o bairro Matadouro, ponto 4, local com maior presença destes culicídeos. Estes dados mostraram que Ae. albopictus está cada vez mais presente na área urbana.

Ovitraps for evaluating the presence of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Vassouras City, State of Rio de Janeiro

Abstract. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are vectors of many arboviruses including urban yellow fever and dengue, the latter being one of the biggest problems in the world in cities that have hot and humid climate. Having the consecutive cases of dengue in Vassouras, RJ it was important to ascertain the presence and behavior of the vector in different seasons of year and their predominance in the city. In this study we observed the presence of 10.44% Ae. aegypti and 89.56% Ae. albopictus of the 364 viable eggs and being the Matadouro neighborhood (point 4), the local with the largest presence of these culicids. These data showed that Ae. albopictus is ever more present in urban areas.
Análise Econômica da Produção de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley em Diferentes Escalas
Authors: Gouvea Alfredo de , Gnoatto Valdemir José , Silva Everton Ricardi Lozano , Potrich Michele
Published: April 2014

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade econômica da produção de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) nas escalas de produção de 4.500 (A), 9.000 (B) e 13.500 (C) cartelas com 100.000 ovos por ano. Foram utilizados como critérios o valor presente líquido (VPL) e taxa interna de retorno (TIR). Os dados de custo de produção de cada sistema tecnológico foram levantados junto ao comércio local de Dois Vizinhos-PR, à empresas especializadas e laboratórios de controle biológico da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Campus de Dois Vizinhos e da Universidade Estadual Oeste do Paraná – Campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, entre julho e dezembro de 2011. Os fatores que mais influenciaram nos custos de produção foram os insumos e a mão-de-obra utilizada. A análise de viabilidade econômica apresentou os respectivos valores de VPL e TIR para as escalas A, B e C: R$ 279.662,13 e 50,04%; R$ 919.566,09 e 130,39%; e R$ 1.544.602,37 e 164,76%. As três escalas de produção são viáveis economicamente, sendo que a escala C apresentou o melhor desempenho econômico.

Economic Analysis of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley Production at Different Scales

Abstract. The present study aimed to assess the economic feasibility of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) production on the scales production of 4,500, 9,000 and 13,500 cards with 100,000 eggs per year. The criteria of present liquid value (PLV) and internal rate return (IRR) were used. Data from costs production of each technology system were surveyed in the local markets in Dois Vizinhos, specialized companies and biological control laboratories from Universidade Tecnológica do Paraná – Campus Dois Vizinhos, and from Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná – Campus Marechal Candido Rondon, between July and December 2011. The factors which most affected the production costs were the inputs and labor. The economic feasibility provided the following values for PLV and IRR for the scales A, B and C: R$ 279,662.13 and 50.04%; R$ 919,566.09 and 130.39%; R$ 1,544,602.37 and 164.76%. The three productions scales are economically feasible, and scale C had the best economic performance.
Ataque e Caracterização de Danos de Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) em Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e Panicum maximum Jacq.
Authors: Camilo Silma da Silva , Santos Márcia Vitória , Soares Marcus Alvarenga , Pires Evaldo Martins
Published: April 2014

As pastagens cultivadas constituem a base da bovinocultura no Brasil sendo que, os gêneros Brachiaria e Panicum ocupam lugar de destaque. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf possui vantagens como grande adaptabilidade a solos ácidos e de baixa fertilidade, ao clima tropical, além de proporcionar alto rendimento de massa seca. Panicum maximum Jacq. é importante devido ao alto potencial de produção de massa seca por unidade de área, adaptabilidade, qualidade de forragem, facilidade de estabelecimento e aceitabilidade pelos animais. Foi observado o ataque do pulgão Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), comumente encontrado em hortaliças, principalmente nas do gênero Brassica, nestas gramíneas, causando danos como amarelecimento de folhas, depauperamento e formação de fumagina em plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação. Este inseto poderá se tornar uma praga potencial de B. decumbens cv. Basilisk e P. maximum cv. Tanzânia se for confirmada sua adaptação aos novos hospedeiros em campo.

Attack and Damage Characterization of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Panicum maximum Jacq.

Abstract. The cultivated pastures are the basis of cattle rearing in Brazil and the Brachiaria and Panicum genera are most important. Brachiaria decumbens Stapf has great advantages such as adaptability to acid soils of low fertility, to the tropical climate and to providing high yield of dry matter. Panicum maximum Jacq. is important because of the high potential production of dry mass per unit area, adaptability, forage quality, ease of establishment and acceptability by animals. It was reported the attack and damage of the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), commonly found in vegetables, especially in the genus Brassica, in these grasses causing damage such as leaf yellowing, plant depletion and formation of sooty mold in the greenhouse. This insect can become a potential pest of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk and P. maximum cv. Tanzânia, if confirmed their adaptation to new hosts in the field.
A system of the logic of change
Authors: Kiczuk Stanisław
Published: April 2014

In this paper the problem of an adequate system of the logic of change for the contemporary natural sciences is explored. Some general considerations concerning the construction and assessment of non-classical logics are made. Finally two systems of the logic of change for modern physics are constructed and examined.
Using Personal Communication Technologies for Commercial Communications: A Cross-Country Investigation of Email and SMS
Authors: Tan Chuan-Hoo , Sutanto Juliana , Phang Chee Wei , Gasimov Anar
Published: April 2014

The widespread use of personal communication technologies (PCTs) for commercial message dissemination necessitates understanding that PCTs might lead to better commercial performance in different situations. Building primarily on apparatgeist and social construction theories, this research proposes that consumer responses to PCT-disseminated commercial messages are jointly influenced by the PCT (i.e., technology) that carries general symbolic meanings about its nature and purpose (its “spirit”), and the context culture (i.e., the cultural milieu) in which it is used. We began with focus groups' assessments of two commonly utilized PCTs—email and short message service—which revealed their comparative symbolic meanings in terms of intimacy or formality of communication—to be in line with extant literature. Then, in a commercial setting where retailers leverage PCTs to disseminate product discount coupons, we examined the difference between two distinct environments that differed in their context-cultural dimensions (their cultural milieus of social interaction and communication)—i.e., China (an environment of high context-cultural dimension) and Switzerland (an environment of low context-cultural dimension). To do so, we first validated the context-cultural differences through a survey (study 1) and conducted two matching field experiments in the two countries involving more than one thousand consumers (study 2). Results support our propositions, demonstrating favorable commercial performance for SMS use in the high context-cultural environment and for email use in the low context-cultural environment. Follow-up surveys (study 3) corroborated the results and provided deeper insights into how both PCTs' general meanings and pertinent values in the cultural milieus we studied led to consumer responses. Besides presenting empirical evidence to inform the selection of appropriate PCTs for commercial communications, this research contributes to the theoretical development of apparatgeist and social construction theories via its joint examination of technologies and consumers' environments.
The Effect of Survey Participation on Consumer Behavior: The Moderating Role of Marketing Communication
Authors: Dong Xiaojing , Janakiraman Ramkumar , Xie Ying
Published: April 2014

Past research has established that just surveying individuals or measuring consumers' intentions can influence their subsequent behaviors. Building on self-generated validity theory and extant studies on the survey participation effect, we examine the behavioral phenomenon in a setting where consumers repeatedly participate in brand-specific surveys of all competing brands in a product category. We also investigate the existence and magnitude of the survey participation effect at the individual decision maker level while accounting for marketing communication efforts of the focal and competing brands. We test our proposed individual-consumer-level model using unique behavioral panel data with survey participation and marketing communication information. Our results suggest that the survey participation effect exists in a competitive marketplace setting where consumers' intentions toward a focal brand and all the competing brands are measured. We find evidence of a backlash effect wherein survey participation and marketing communication work against each other. We also find that consumers' participation in surveys of competing brands does not positively spill over to their choice of the focal brand. Based on our results, we suggest important implications for coordination between marketing communication efforts and marketing research activities.
Modeling Passenger Travel and Delays in the National Air Transportation System
Authors: Barnhart Cynthia , Fearing Douglas , Vaze Vikrant
Published: April 2014

Many of the existing methods for evaluating an airline's on-time performance are based on flight-centric measures of delay. However, recent research has demonstrated that passenger delays depend on many factors in addition to flight delays. For instance, significant passenger delays result from flight cancellations and missed connections, which themselves depend on a significant number of factors. Unfortunately, lack of publicly available passenger travel data has made it difficult for researchers to explore the nature of these relationships. In this paper, we develop methodologies to model historical travel and delays for U.S. domestic passengers. We develop a multinomial logit model for estimating historical passenger travel and extend a previously developed greedy reaccommodation heuristic for estimating the resulting passenger delays. We report and analyze the estimated passenger delays for calendar year 2007, developing insights into factors that affect the performance of the National Air Transportation System in the United States.
Impulse Control of Interest Rates
Authors: Mitchell Daniel , Feng Haolin , Muthuraman Kumar
Published: April 2014

This paper examines the effect that a central bank's interventions have on longer term interest rate securities by examining a stochastic short rate process that can be controlled by the central bank. Rather than investigate the motivations for the intervention, we assume that the bank is able to quantify its preferences and tolerances for various rates. We allow for a very general class of stochastic processes for the short rate, and most of the popular models in literature fall within this class. Interventions are best modeled as impulse controls, which are very difficult to handle, even computationally, except in very special cases. Allowing interventions to be modeled by impulse controls, we develop a computational method and provide relevant convergence results. We also derive error bounds for intermediate iterations. Using this method, we solve for the central bank's optimal control policy and also study the effect of this on longer term interest rate securities using a change of measure. The method developed here can easily be applied to a very wide range of impulse control problems beyond the realm of interest rate models.
Labor Market Advantages of Organizational Status: A Study of Lateral Partner Hiring by Large U.S. Law Firms
Authors: Rider Christopher I. , Tan David
Published: April 2014

Prior research demonstrates product market advantages of organizational status but largely neglects factor market advantages. We propose that status is advantageous in labor markets because individuals generally consider employer status a nonpecuniary employment benefit. Dyadic analyses of lateral partner hiring by large U.S. law firms demonstrate two status-based advantages in employee hiring and retention. First, high-status firms are more likely than low-status ones to hire an employee from a more profitable competitor. Second, high-status firms are most likely to lose an employee to a lower-status competitor when the competitor is—atypically—more profitable. We discuss implications of these findings for individual and organizational status attainment and for the stability of industry status hierarchies.
The Time Window Assignment Vehicle Routing Problem
Authors: Spliet Remy , Gabor Adriana F.
Published: April 2014

In this paper we introduce the time window assignment vehicle routing problem (TWAVRP). In this problem, time windows have to be assigned before demand is known. Next, a realization of demand is revealed, and a vehicle routing schedule is made that satisfies the assigned time windows. The objective is to minimize the expected traveling costs. We propose a branch-price-and-cut algorithm to solve the TWAVRP to optimality. We provide results of computational experiments performed using this algorithm. Finally, we offer insight on the value of an exact approach for the TWAVRP by comparing the optimal solution to the solution found by assigning time windows based on solving a vehicle routing problem with time windows with average demand.
A Lighthouse for Urban Agriculture
Authors: de Wit Maywa Montenegro
Published: April 2014

This article advances the concept of the agroecological “lighthouse” as a civic space for learning and participating in the principles and practices of urban food production. As urbanization threatens to encourage the increased industrialization of agriculture, growing food in cities promises to alleviate this pressure while creating new opportunities for community empowerment and greater access to sustainable, healthy, and affordable food. This kind of transition, I argue, will demand social relations that bridge science, practice, and movement—and that cut in surprising ways across traditional boundaries between university and community. Drawing from a recent experience in an Urban Agroecology shortcourse in Berkeley, California, I illustrate what such relationships might look like, profiling the caretaker of one backyard garden in the Bay Area. This urban grower effuses what James Scott calls metis, moving fluidly across institutional boundaries, experimenting with agroecological innovations, and offering his space as a lighthouse commons for participatory learning. Interestingly, he is not a PhD, but a retired postal worker. With the stakes mounting for progress in food security across the urban-rural divide, the agroecological lighthouse opens up potential for new researcher-farmer partnerships as well as a means for expanding what we consider legitimate knowledge-making communities. Advancing the notion of a “lighthouse extension model,” I challenge the discourse of mainstream cooperative extension, arguing that a more egalitarian food system will likely emerge from participation by those traditionally excluded from shaping it.
Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms in the Flow Diverter Era: Frequency of Use and Results in a Consecutive Series of 550 Treatments in a Single Centre
Authors: van Rooij Willem Jan , Bechan Ratna S , Peluso Jo P. , Sluzewski Menno
Published: April 2014

Flow diverter devices became available in our department in 2009. We considered treatment with flow diverters only in patients with aneurysms not suitable for surgery or conventional endovascular techniques. This paper presents our preliminary experience with flow diverters in a consecutive series of 550 endovascular aneurysm treatments.

Between January 2009 and July 2013, 550 endovascular treatments for intracranial aneurysms were performed. Of these, 490 were first-time aneurysm treatments in 464 patients and 61 were additional treatments of previously coiled aneurysms in 51 patients. Endovascular treatments consisted of selective coiling in 445 (80.8%), stent-assisted coiling in 68 (12.4%), balloon-assisted coiling in 13 (2.4%), parent vessel occlusion in 12 (2.2%) and flow diverter treatment in 12 (2.2%).

Eleven patients with 12 aneurysms were treated with flow diverters. Two patients had ruptured dissecting aneurysms. One patient with a basilar trunk aneurysm died of acute in stent thrombosis and another patient died of brain stem ischaemia at 32 months follow-up. One patient had ischaemia with permanent neurological deficit. Two aneurysms are still open at up to 30 months follow-up.

Flow diversion was used in 2% of all endovascular treatments. Both our own poor results and the high complication rates reported in the literature have converted our initial enthusiasm to apprehension and hesitancy. The safety and efficacy profile of flow diversion should discourage the use of these devices in aneurysms that can be treated with other techniques.
Posterior Arch Augmentation (Spinoplasty) before and after Single and Double Interspinous Spacer Introduction at the Same Level: Preventing and Treating the Failure?
Authors: Manfré Luigi
Published: April 2014

Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is one of the most common degenerative diseases in elderly patients. Failure of he treatment can occur, generally related to bone remodelling/fracture of spinous processes. PMMA augmentation of the posterior arch (spinoplasty, SP) has recently been proposed in case of neoplastic involvement. This study evaluated the efficacy of SP as a prophylactic treatment before introducing an interspinous spacer (IS). Moreover, we consider the possibility to treat patients who previously underwent IS implants with subsequent failure of the device, by introducing a second spacer at the same level, performing accessory SP. From January 2009 to September 2011, 174 patients with LSCS underwent CT-guided percutaneous IS implant in our department. From January 2011, all patients with osteoporosis underwent prophylactic SP before introducing the spacer. Moreover, in patients with re-stenosis related to bone remodelling and/or fracture, after strengthening the spinous processes with PMMA introduction, a second similar device was introduced to re-open the stenotic spinal canal. In patients with prophylactic treatment before spacer introduction, no restenosis occurred at three to 12 month follow-up. Patients who underwent second spacer implant at the same level after posterior arch augmentation again obtained a resolution of symptoms, and no further bone remodelling had occurred at follow-up controls. In conclusion, prophylactic SP prevents single spacer failure for bone remodelling/fracture, and allows failure repair by introducing a second spacer at the same level.
Double-Balloon Remodeling for Coil Embolization of a Primitive Trigeminal Artery Variant Aneurysm
Authors: Takigawa Tomoji , Suzuki Kensuke , Sugiura Yoshiki , Suzuki Ryotaro , Takano Issei , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Tanaka Yoshihiro , Hyodo Akio
Published: April 2014

Here we describe the case of a patient with a wide-necked unruptured aneurysm arising at origin of a persistent primitive trigeminal artery (PTA) variant from the right internal carotid artery (ICA), supplying the territory of the right superior cerebellar artery and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. To preserve the ICA and the PTA variant, coil embolization of the aneurysm was performed using a double-balloon remodeling technique (HyperForm™ and Hyper-Glide™ Occlusion Balloon Systems; ev3 Endovascular Inc., Irvine, CA, USA). The association of a PTA variant with an aneurysm is very rare. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the use of coil embolization using double-balloon remodeling to treat a PTA variant aneurysm. This technique permits complete embolization and reduces the risk of cerebral and cerebellar ischemia.
Low-Flow Direct Carotid-Cavernous Fistula Caused by Rupture of an Intracavernous Carotid Aneurysm
Authors: Su I-Chang , Cruz Juan Pablo , Krings Timo
Published: April 2014

Direct carotid-cavernous fistulas (CCFs) secondary to a ruptured intracavernous carotid aneurysm (ICCA) are usually high-flow lesions. On very rare occasions, a ruptured ICCA may present as a low-flow CCF, which poses a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma whether the aneurysm and the observed fistula are causally related. Herein, we describe a rare case in which a ruptured ICCA resulted in a low-flow CCF. We demonstrated our approach to clarify this clinical scenario, and also propose a possible pathomechanism to explain the existence of low-flow direct CCF.
Multiple Supernumerary Teeth in a Nonsyndromic 12-Year-Old Female Patient - A Case Report
Authors: Santos Thiago de Santana , Silva Erick Ricardo , Faria Ana Célia , Mello Filho Francisco Veríssimo de , Xavier Samuel Porfírio
Published: April 2014

Supernumerary teeth (ST) are uncommon alterations of development that may appear in either of the dental arches and that are frequently associated with syndromes such as cleidocranial dysplasia and Gardner syndrome. Multiple ST in individuals with no other disease or syndrome are very rare. In view of this situation, correct diagnosis, treatment and evaluation of ST with the use of appropriate imaging techniques are highly important. This case report presents radiographic images of a nonsyndromic 12-year-old female patient who presented with 14 supernumerary teeth and was treated under general anesthesia, with the extraction of all ST in a single surgical intervention. During the postoperative period, the patient did not complain of pain nor did she present any signs or symptoms of infection. During late follow-up period, due to difficulty in traction of the maxillary right canine and mandibular left first premolar towards the dental arch, it was necessary to extract these teeth under local anesthesia. Radiographic examination 3 years after surgery revealed the absence of ST and of diseases related to the existence of these teeth.
An In Vivo Study of Working Length Determination with a New Apex Locator
Authors: Pereira Key Fabiano Souza , Silva Pedro Gregol da , Vicente Fabio Simões de , Arashiro Fabio Nakao , Coldebella Carmem Regina , Ramos Carlos Alberto Spironelli
Published: April 2014

The success of an endodontic treatment relies on a correct working length determination. The canal terminus must be detected accurately and a precise control of the working length during the endodontic treatment must be maintained. The aim of this study was to investigate the working length determination in vivo with the Quill Apex Locator® for apical limit established at 1 mm short from the apical foramen (AF). Patients scheduled to dental extraction due to orthodontic or periodontal reasons were selected for this study, resulting in a sample of 24 root canals. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before the treatment. After the administration of local anesthesia each tooth had its pulp cavity accessed. Next, the reading corresponding to the AF showed on the device's display was recorded and the file was removed. With the use of a digital caliper, 1 mm was subtracted from that first measurement. The file with the new measurement was introduced into to the root canal again then fixed with light curing flow composite and the tooth was extracted. Next, one of the apical third walls was worn out to visualize the instrument's point and the AF. The distance from the file tip to the AF was measured by scanning electron microscopy. The average of the measurements was 1.089±0.437 mm. The Bicaudal t-test showed no significant difference (p=0.338) between the experimental values and the hypothetical value tested at 1 mm. The present investigation confirmed that the Quill Apex Locator® was able to determine the working length with good reliability for the endodontic treatment, established at 1 mm short from the AF.
Trial of an Experimental Castor Oil Solution for Cleaning Dentures
Authors: Andrade Ingrid Machado de , Andrade Kelly Machado de , Pisani Marina Xavier , Silva-Lovato Cláudia Helena , Souza Raphael Freitas de , Paranhos Helena de Freitas Oliveira
Published: April 2014

Denture hygiene is essential because denture biofilm is involved in oral infections and systemic diseases. Although there are chemical agents available on the market, none of them have ideal properties and research on such products is still necessary. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a castor bean (Ricinus communis)-based solution for removing denture biofilm, compared to two traditional products (sodium hypochlorite and alkaline peroxide). Fifty maxillary complete denture wearers were instructed to brush their dentures after meals and to immerse their dentures once a day in the following solutions: Saline (20 min; control), Polident alkaline peroxide (3 min), NaOCl (20 min) and 2% castor oil solution (20 min). Participants used each solution for a period of 7 consecutive days, according to a random sequence. After each period, the internal surfaces of maxillary complete dentures were stained with a disclosing solution (1% neutral red), photographed and the disclosed biofilm was quantified with the aid of specific software. The influence of treatments on results was verified by the Friedman test (α=0.05). Tested solutions presented significant difference (Fr=51.67; p<0.001). Saline and NaOCl were significantly different (median: 2.0% and 0.0%) whereas Polident and castor oil presented intermediate results (median: 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively). It can be concluded that the castor oil solution tested in this study was comparable to alkaline peroxide in terms of efficiency in denture biofilm removal.
Addition of Chlorhexidine Gluconate to a Glass Ionomer Cement: A Study on Mechanical, Physical and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Marti Luana Mafra , Mata Margareth da , Ferraz-Santos Beatriz , Azevedo Elcilaine Rizzato , Giro Elisa Maria Aparecida , Zuanon Angela Cristina Cilense
Published: April 2014

The objective of this work was to determine the effect of different concentrations of chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) on setting time, surface hardness, maximum tensile bond strength and antibacterial activity of a glass ionomer cement (GIC). The material used as control was Ketac Molar Easymix GIC. CHX was incorporated into the GIC during its manipulation at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%. Antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus was evaluated by means of agar diffusion test. Tensile bond strength data were analyzed statistically using Analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Setting time, Vickers hardness and agar diffusion test were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests at a significance level of 5%. It was observed that adding CHX at concentrations of 1% and 2% increased significantly the setting time of the material (p=0.012 and p=0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference between control and 0.5% CHX groups regarding the setting time. Addition of 2% CHX decreased significantly the surface hardness in relation to the control group (p=0.009), followed by the 1% CHX group (p=0.009). The tensile bond strength of the material also decreased significantly after adding CHX at a concentration of 2% (p=0.001). Addition of CHX promoted formation of an inhibition halo in both bacterial strains for all concentrations. The results showed that the best option for clinical use of GIC with CHX is at 0.5% concentration, since antibacterial activity increased and the physical-mechanical properties remained unchanged.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis of Odontogenic Origin in a Diabetic Patient Complicated by Substance Abuse
Authors: Camino Junior Rubens , Naclerio-Homem Maria G. , Cabral Lecy Marcondes , Luz João Gualberto C.
Published: April 2014

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis (CNF) is an uncommon, potentially fatal soft tissue infection with rapid progression characterized by necrosis in the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. A case of CNF of odontogenic origin in a diabetic patient, complicated by alcohol dependence and tobacco abuse, is presented with a literature review. The emergency procedure comprised hydration, colloid administration, glycemic control and broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, followed by aggressive surgical debridement. Necrosis in the platysma muscle was verified by histopathologic analysis. Reconstructive surgery was performed after suppressing the infection, and the wound was closed with an autologous skin graft. The patient had a long hospital stay, in part because the substance abuse led to a difficult recovery. The principles of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical debridement, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy and intensive supportive care in the treatment of CNF were confirmed in the present case. It was concluded that given the occurrence of CNF in the presence of diabetes mellitus and abuse of substances such as alcohol and tobacco, the health care professional should consider a stronger response to treatment and longer hospitalization.
Management of Type III Dens Invaginatus in a Mandibular Premolar: A Case Report
Authors: Vier-Pelisser Fabiana Vieira , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Fritscher Guilherme , Ghisi Alexandre Correa , Borba Maristela Gutiérrez de , Scarparo Roberta Kochenborger
Published: April 2014

Dens invaginatus is a well-known malformation of teeth, which probably results from an invagination of enamel organ into dental papilla during tooth development. The endodontic treatment of invaginated teeth may be challenging due to difficulties in accessing the root canals and also due to complex variations of internal morphology. This article presents the endodontic management and follow-up in a rare case of right mandibular second premolar with Oehlers' type III dens invaginatus. The result of cold pulp testing was positive for this tooth but it was associated to a sinus tract and periapical lesion. Herein, it is described the root canal therapy of this tooth combined with periapical surgery, emphasizing the importance of proper diagnosis and planning by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). This case report presents the proper periapical healing 6 months after the combination of nonsurgical and surgical treatments. It also shows that CBCT is an important auxiliary examination to avoid errors in diagnosis and subsequent treatment of dental anomalies.