bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1,1′-Methylenebis{4-[(E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethenyl]pyridinium} dibromide dihydrate
Authors: Neal Henry C. , Nesterov Volodymyr V. , Smucker Bradley W.
Published: May 2022

The chevron-shaped cations of the title hydrated salt, C25H22N4
2+·2Br−·2H2O, are arranged in back-to-back alternating directions to form a zigzag ribbon propagating along the [010] direction. Intermolecular interactions comprising these ribbons are π–π interactions between the pyridinium and adjacent pyridyl rings, as well as O—H...O hydrogen bonding between water molecules and two adjacent pyridyl N atoms. Half of the cation is generated by the mirror plane. The water O atoms, the central C atom and one Br atom are located on this mirror plane while the other Br atom is on a twofold screw axis.
1,1′-Methylenebis(4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium) dibromide
Authors: Schuster Sara A. , Nesterov Volodymyr V. , Smucker Bradley W.
Published: May 2022

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C21H18N4
2+·2Br−, comprises half of the molecule and a bromide ion. The chevron-shaped cations stack as columns in the [001] direction with suitable intermolecular distance for π–π interactions. These cationic columns are further stabilized by intercolumnar C—H...N hydrogen bonding with the bromide ions distributed between them.
Review of metal carbide nanoprecipitate effects on hydrogen embrittlement of high strength martensitic steel
Authors: Zheng Yaojie , Huili Sun , Yan Luchun , Pang Xiaolu , Volinsky Alex A. , Gao Kewei
Published: May 2022

Purpose

High-strength martensitic steels having strong hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility and the metal carbide (MC) nanoprecipitates of microalloying elements such as Nb, V, Ti and Mo in the steel matrix can effectively improve the HE resistance of steels. This paper aims to review the effect of MC nanoprecipitates on the HE resistance of high-strength martensitic steels.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the effects of MC nanoprecipitates on the HE resistance of high-strength martensitic steels are systematically described in terms of the types of MC nanoprecipitates, the influencing factors, along with numerical simulations.

Findings

The MC nanoprecipitates, which are fine and semicoherent with the matrix, effectively improve the HE resistance of steel through the hydrogen trapping effects and microstructure optimization, but its effect on the HE resistance of steel is controlled by its size, number and distribution state.

Originality/value

This paper summarizes the effects and mechanisms of MC nanoprecipitates on HE performance of high-strength martensitic steel and provides the theoretical basis for corrosion engineers to design high-strength martensitic steels with excellent HE resistance and improve production processes.
Public governance and tunneling: evidence from a quasi-experiment in China
Authors: Ma Xiaofang , Wang Wenming , Zhou Gaoguang , Chen Jun
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to take advantage of the unprecedented anti-corruption campaign launched in China in December 2012 and examine the effect of improved public governance on tunneling.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a sample of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange listed companies from 2010 to 2014 and conduct regression analyses to investigate the effect of improved public governance attributed to the anti-corruption campaign on tunneling.

Findings

This study finds that the level of tunneling decreased significantly after the anti-corruption campaign, suggesting that increased public governance effectively curbs tunneling. Cross-sectional results show that this mitigating effect is more pronounced for non-SOE firms, especially non-SOE firms with political connections, firms audited by non-Big 8 auditors, firms with a large divergence between control rights and cash flow rights and firms located in areas with lower marketization.

Practical implications

This study highlights the importance of anti-corruption initiatives in improving public governance and in turn reducing tunneling. This study provides important implications for many other emerging economies to improve public governance.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature on the role of public governance in constraining corporate agency problems and advances the understanding of the economic consequences of China's anti-corruption campaign in the context of tunneling.
Physical internet enabled two-tier city logistics solution in the new retail era
Authors: Luo Hao , Wang Yilun , Luo Zhixing
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to study the challenges and solutions of city logistics in the new retail era. The new retail, which is characterized by omni-channel, fragmented orders and decentralized 2C distribution, is becoming the mainstream of the retail industry worldwide. In order to achieve a comprehensive breakthrough in new retail, the change of order fulfillment mode is the most noteworthy issue. The aim of this paper is to design a city logistics operation model for new retail and verify its feasibility and efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

A physical internet (PI) enabled two-tier city logistics solution is proposed by redefining the key facilities in city logistics with the PI concept. A “Container-as-a-Warehouse” operation mode is designed to provide a more flexible store and transfer solution. A mathematical model of the proposed solution is established. An adaptive large neighborhood search (ALNS) is designed based upon an iterative procedure, which ensures consistent and optimal results.

Findings

To quantitatively assess the feasibility of the proposed solution, a computational experiment is designed to compare the performance of the proposed model against the conventional two-tier city logistics operation. The effects of geographical location pattern, utilization of PI-hub as well as the fluctuation of customer orders are analyzed. The results show that the PI-enabled city logistics is more advantageous than the conventional solution.

Research limitations/implications

This study does not consider the impact of new technologies in city logistics; for example, the replenishment problem of unmanned vending machines and the charging problem of electric vehicles.

Practical implications

The proposed PI-enabled solution and analysis results in this paper have positive guiding significance for future practical application.

Originality/value

Based on the concept of PI, this paper proposes an innovative and practical operation model to solve the city logistics challenges.
“Dear diary … the covid-19 is turning us into hybrids”: exploring consumers’ hybridity facets during the pandemic
Authors: Hakim Masmoudi Manel , Jmour Arij , ElAoud Nibrass
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine different levels of consumer’s hybridity, which is gaining popularity during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted using two main data collection methods: netnography and semistructured interviews. Three main communities and 20 semistructured interviews with hybrid consumers were performed to fully understand new levels of consumers’ bipolarity. Thematic analysis was used to identify groups representing different facets of new hybridity. Similarity index and co-occurrences (Jaccard coefficient) were interpreted through QDA Miner software.

Findings

Four main facets of consumers’ hybridity were highlighted during the current COVID-19 pandemic: “up vs down,” “utilitarian vs hedonic,” “impulsive vs planned” and “responsible vs irresponsible.”

Practical implications

These findings have practical implications for marketing managers seeking to design and to improve their branding strategies and their positioning. Businesses usually offer a coherent mix targeted to specific consumers. However, these results show that providing and highlighting some contradictions in their offerings may be interesting for consumers who are trying to cope with this pandemic.

Originality/value

The study extends the contemporary consumer literature by investigating paradoxical behaviors that are still fertile. The marketing literature examines consumers’ profiles as a homogeneous concept without allowing for contradictions in consumers’ preferences. Additionally, this study recognizes important changes in consumer behavior elicited by COVID-19 pandemic. It fills that research gap by examining not only “up vs down” hybridity but new levels of hybridity as well.
An assessment of users’ satisfaction with a smart building on university campus through post-occupancy evaluation
Authors: Hassanain Mohammad A. , Sanni-Anibire Muizz Oladapo , Mahmoud Abubakar Sadiq
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to present the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of a smart building on a university campus.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature review was conducted to report on the smart building concept and POE. A total of 49 performance indicators, classified according to the technical, functional and behavioral elements, were investigated. A case study of a smart building in a university campus was selected to assess the users’ satisfaction through POE. A total of 90 users from the academic and administrative staff of the building were contacted through a Web-based questionnaire survey, while 35 usable responses were obtained.

Findings

The findings revealed that the occupants were satisfied with several aspects of the building performance indicators; however, issues related to ventilation, control of thermostats, amount of natural lighting through low-E windows and privacy were identified. Ultimately, the study reveals that, although the adoption of smart technologies has the potential to provide an excellent and comfortable work environment, the efficient selection and/or maintenance of the adopted technologies is crucial.

Originality/value

The concept of smart buildings is perceived to be the future of the industry. Despite this growing need for “smartization,” the performance of a building ultimately depends on how it satisfies the needs of those who use them. The value and implication of this study is inherent in its emphasis on the satisfaction of buildings users in futuristic designs of buildings. The study shows that POEs can be used to assess the satisfaction of users of smart buildings to understand what works, as well as what needs redesign or improvement.
Development of pavement roughness regression models based on smartphone measurements
Authors: Al-Suleiman (Obaidat) Turki I. , Alatoom Yazan Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to study the possibility of using smartphone roughness measurements for developing pavement roughness regression models as a function of pavement age, traffic loading and traffic volume variables. Also, the effects of patching and pavement distresses on pavement roughness were investigated. The work focused on establishing pavement roughness prediction models and applying these models to pavement management systems (PMS) to help decision-makers choose the best maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) options by using cost-effective methods.

Design/methodology/approach

Signal processing techniques including filtering and processing techniques were used to obtain the International Roughness Index (IRI) from raw acceleration data collected from smartphone accelerometer sensors. The obtained IRI values were inputted as a dependent variable in analytical regression models as well as several independent variables with proper transformations.

Findings

According to the study results, several regression models were developed with a big variation in the coefficients of determination (R2). However, the best models included pavement age, accumulated traffic volume (∑TV) and construction quality factor (CQF) with R2 equal to 0.63. It was also found that the effects of pavement distresses and patching was significant at a-level < 0.05. The patching effect on pavement roughness was found higher than the effect of other pavement distresses.

Practical implications

The presented results and methods in this paper could be used in the future predictions of pavement roughness and help the decision-makers to estimate M&R needs. The work focused on establishing IRI prediction models and applying these models to the PMS to help decision-makers choose the best M & R options.

Originality/value

To develop sound pavement roughness models, it is essential to collect roughness data using automated procedures. However, applying these procedures in developing countries faces several difficulties such as the high price and operation costs of roughness equipment and lack of technical experience. The advantage of using IRI values taken from smartphones is that the roughness evaluation survey may be expanded to cover the full road network at a cheaper cost than with automated instruments. Therefore, if the roughness survey covers more roads, the prediction model’s accuracy will be improved.
The workers' perspective: emotional consequences during a lean manufacturing change based on VSM analysis
Authors: Castillo Cristian
Published: May 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the perception of workers before, during and after the implementation of changes derived from the lean manufacturing (LM) technique called value stream mapping (VSM) analysis and the causes that lead to this perception.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodological research design was adopted, using individual transcribed and coded interviews as the primary method of data collection.

Findings

At the beginning of the VSM changes, this study found strong denial and resistance emotional responses from workers due to the uncertainty and stress generated. The main cause of this resistance was their lack of understanding of the VSM analysis process presenting technical concepts, due to their educational level and the lack of a pre-existing organisational culture oriented toward continuous improvement. However, in the last stage of change, it is found that the workers accepted the new improvement proposals without resignation, improving their productivity and work performance because they saw and understood the improvements as effective.

Practical implications

This study will enable those responsible for organisations to anticipate the negative reactions that may arise from the organisational changes stemming from the implementation of VSM improvements. In addition, it adds new knowledge bases to the literature on the emotional consequences for employees during LM changes through VSM.

Originality/value

This study provides a qualitative analysis of the perceived emotional impact on workers that participated in LM techniques, in this case, focused on VSM analysis. It is an exploratory study that serves as a foundation for future research in the quantitative field.
The effects of the COVID-19 crisis on startups' performance: the role of resilience
Authors: Mota Renata de Oliveira , Bueno Adauto , Gonella Jéssica dos Santos Leite , Ganga Gilberto Miller Devós , Godinho Filho Moacir , Latan Hengky
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on startups performance and the moderating effects played by several resilience-related startup characteristics during times of crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

To achieve this, 94 Brazil-based startups were surveyed, and multivariate data techniques (PLS-SEM) were applied.

Findings

The results show that despite the startups performance having been affected by the pandemic crisis, the response measures, when influenced by the resilience characteristics of these companies, moderated this effect. Furthermore, our findings suggest the future challenges to be faced by these organisations in the post-pandemic period.

Research limitations/implications

Proposing a framework, our survey research contributes to the dynamic capabilities theory by showing that startups resilience is linked to the micro-foundations of sensing (e.g. innovation systems, resilience culture, pivoting practices, innovativeness products), seizing (e.g. leadership/focused skills, people development and selection, agility, clear vision of business process) and reconfiguring capabilities.

Practical implications

Not only for theory, but this paper also contributes insights and guidelines for business practice in the face of challenges arising from times of crisis. By demonstrating the positive effect of early response measures based on resilience, our findings provide genuine managerial input that can help managers, funders and decision-makers in these companies operations against turbulent crises early on, thereby supporting the traction phase and sustaining their performance.

Originality/value

Previous research has examined the effects of the COVID-19 crisis in several sectors and perspectives. However, this study is the first to empirically test and clarify how the resilience and singularities of these new business models based on innovation could react to the changes caused by the pandemic.
Does prospect theory explain Bowman's paradox in Asian emerging markets?
Authors: Khan Asad , Khan Muhammad Ibrahim , Rehman Zia ur , Khan Shehzad
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims to extend Bowman's risk–return paradox to Asian emerging markets and explain its causes under the prospect theory.

Design/methodology/approach

The study is conducted on a cross-sectional sample of 4,609 firms across nine Asian emerging countries. The two stage least squares (2SLS) estimation technique is used to evaluate the three objectives of the study, i.e. Bowman's risk–return paradox, significance of firm-specific risk and prospect theory explanation of Bowman's paradox.

Findings

The authors challenge the two basic financial economics arguments that higher risk is rewarded with higher return, and firm-specific risk is diversifiable. The empirical findings confirm the negative impact of firm-specific and systematic risk on firm return, thus, corroborates the Bowman's explanation of risk–return trade-off. However, the authors did not find empirical evidence to support prospect theory's explanations of Bowman’s paradox in Asian emerging markets.

Originality/value

A holistic approach is adopted to analyze the various aspects of Bowman's paradox and its causes for the same time period, variables and sample. The authors also rectified several methodological limitations observed in previous studies, i.e. the use of same proxies for firm return and risk, endogeneity and survivorship issues. Furthermore, the findings of this study will enable managers to formulate critical viewpoint on firm-specific risk and systematic risk and take informed strategic decisions regarding optimum utilization of their firm's key resources in Asian emerging markets.
Faculty experience and digital platforms in education
Authors: dos Santos Vanessa Martins , Cernev Adrian Kemmer , Saraiva Guilherme Marzol Montandon , Bida Adriano Gonçalves
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Digital platforms have enabled the emergence of new business models by transforming the competitive scenario, labour, traditional management activities and strategies of the organisations regarding a number of productive sectors. The objective of this study is to analyse these changes in the educational sector from the view of professors who produce content in digital platforms, such as the massive open online courses (MOOCs).

Design/methodology/approach

In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Brazilian professors using MOOC. The methodology proposed by Bardin (2011) and the board’s guidelines (2013) were used for content analysis.

Findings

Positive aspects such as autonomy, higher financial gains, geographic coverage, quality of life and cheaper and quicker courses were identified in the present study, whereas negative aspects were disclosure and sales performed by faculty members, problems with technical support, demand for new skills (e.g. digital marketing), new teaching methods and opportunities perceived by the professors.

Research limitations/implications

The results found cannot be generalised to different publics and contexts.

Originality/value

The results contribute to a better understanding of the new business models on digital platforms as they show evidence of how these techniques are contributing to digital transformation of traditional sectors. This model can be used to connect professors who produce content to those who want to learn as well as to enable remote operations in educational institutions. Additionally, managers, CEOs and entrepreneurs of the sector can use MOOC as a reference when formulating their strategies.
A numerical study of two-dimensional laminar flow of power-law fluids around three circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangement
Authors: Benamor Ahmed , Abidi-Saad Aissa , Mebrouk Ridha , Fatnassi Sarra
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study aims at investigating two-dimensional laminar flow of power-law fluids around three unconfined side-by-side cylinders.

Design/methodology/approach

The numerical study is performed by solving the governing (continuity and momentum) equations using a finite volume-based code ANSYS Fluent. The numerical results have been presented for different combinations of the governing dimensionless parameters (dimensionless spacing, 1.2 = L = 4; Reynolds number, 0.1 = Re = 100; power-law index, 0.2 = n = 1.8). The dependence of the kinematic and macroscopic characteristics of the flow such as streamline patterns, distribution of the surface pressure coefficient, total drag coefficient with its components (pressure and friction) and total lift coefficient on these dimensionless parameters has been discussed in detail.

Findings

It is found that the separation of the flow and the apparition of the wake region accelerate as the dimensionless spacing decreases, the number of the cylinder increases and/or the fluid behavior moves from shear-thinning to Newtonian then to shear-thickening behavior. In addition, the distribution of the pressure coefficient on the surface of the cylinders presents a complex dependence on the fluid behavior index and Reynolds number when the dimensionless spacing between two adjacent cylinders is varied. At low Reynolds numbers, the drag coefficient of shear-thinning fluids is stronger than that of Newtonian fluids; this tendency decreases progressively with increasing of Re until a critical value; beyond the critical Re, the opposite trend is observed. The lift coefficient of the middle cylinder is null, whereas, the exterior cylinders experience opposite lift coefficients, which show a complex dependence on the dimensionless spacing, the Reynolds number and the power-law index.

Originality/value

The flow over bluff bodies is a practical engineering problem. In the literature, it can be seen that the previous studies on non-Newtonian fluids are limited to the flow over one or two cylinders (effect of an odd number of cylinders on each other). Besides that, the available results concerning the flow of Newtonian fluids over three cylinders are limited to the high Reynolds numbers region only. However, this work treats the flow of non-Newtonian power-law fluids past three circular cylinders in side-by-side arrangements under a wide range of Re. The outcome of the present study demonstrates that the augmentation of the geometry complexity to three cylinders (effect of pair surrounding cylinders on the surrounded ones in what concerns Von Karman Street phenomenon) causes a drastic change in the flow patterns and in the macroscopic characteristics. The present results may be used to predict the flow behavior around multiple side-by-side cylinders.
Distinct strategies of the habitat generalists and specialists in sediment of Tibetan lakes
Authors: Yan Qi , Liu Yongqin , Hu Anyi , Wan Wenjie , Zhang Zhihao , Liu Keshao
Published: May 2022

Microbial metacommunities normally comprise generalists and specialists. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying the diversity patterns of these two sub‐communities is crucial for aquatic biodiversity maintenance. However, little is known about the ecological assembly processes and co‐occurrence patterns of the habitat generalists and specialists across large spatial scales in plateau lake sediments, particularly regarding their environmental adaptations. Here, we investigated assembly processes of the habitat generalists and specialists in sediment of Tibetan lakes and their role in the stability of metacommunity co‐occurrence network. Our results showed that the habitat generalists exhibited broader environmental thresholds and closer phylogenetic clustering than specialist counterparts. In contrast, the specialists exhibited stronger phylogenetic signals of ecological preferences compared with the habitat generalists. Stochastic processes dominated the habitat generalist (63.2%) and specialist (81.3%) community assembly. Sediment pH was the major factor mediating the balance between stochastic and deterministic processes in the habitat generalists and specialists. In addition, as revealed by network analysis, the habitat specialists played a greater role in maintaining the stability of metacommunity co‐occurrence network. The insights gained from this study can be helpful to understand the mechanisms underlying maintenance of sediment microbial diversity in plateau lakes.
Transmission ofKlebsiellastrains and plasmids within and between grey‐headed flying fox colonies
Authors: Vezina Ben , Judd Louise M. , McDougall Fiona K. , Boardman Wayne S. J. , Power Michelle L. , Hawkey Jane , Brisse Sylvain , Monk Jonathan M. , Holt Kathryn E. , Wyres Kelly L.
Published: May 2022

The grey‐headed flying fox (Pteropus poliocephalus) is an endemic Australian fruit bat, known to carry zoonotic pathogens. We recently showed they harbour bacterial pathogenKlebsiella pneumoniaeand closely related species in theK.pneumoniaespecies complex (KpSC); however, the dynamics ofKpSC transmission and gene flow within flying fox colonies are poorly understood. High‐resolution genome comparisons of 39KpSC isolates from grey‐headed flying foxes identified five putative strain transmission clusters (four intra‐ and one inter‐colony). The instance of inter‐colony strain transmission ofK.africanawas found between two flying fox populations within flying distance, indicating either direct or indirect transmission through a common food/water source. All 11 plasmids identified within theKpSC isolates showed 73% coverage (mean) and ≥95% identity to human‐associatedKpSC plasmids, indicating gene flow between human clinical and grey‐headed flying fox isolates. Along with strain transmission, inter‐species horizontal plasmid transmission betweenK.pneumoniaeandKlebsiella africanawas also identified within a flying fox colony. Finally, genome‐scale metabolic models were generated to predict and compare substrate usage to previously publishedKpSC models, from human and environmental sources. These models indicated no distinction on the basis of metabolic capabilities. Instead, metabolic capabilities were consistent with population structure and ST/lineage.
‘We're welcomed into people's homes every day’ versus ‘we're the people that come and arrest you’: The relational production of masculinities and vulnerabilities among male first responders
Authors: Linceviciute Skaiste , Ridge Damien , Gautier Chantal , Broom Alex , Oliffe John , Dando Coral
Published: May 2022

Encouraging men to open‐up about their feelings is a new cultural directive, yet little is known about how this works in practice, including to promote mental health. Ideals of hegemonic masculinity may be increasingly tolerating expressions of vulnerability in some areas of social life. However, the expression of vulnerability in paid work and/or career situations is regulated by organisational ideals and circumstances that may also produce distress. To address uncertainty in the literature, we investigated the experiences of men in traditionally male dominated professions, namely first responders (police, paramedics, and firefighters/rescue). Twenty‐one UK based men of diverse ranks and experience currently working within first responder services participated in semi‐structured telephone interviews. Distress was positioned as an inevitable part of the work. Yet, striking differences in institutionalised ways of expressing vulnerabilities differentiated the experiences of frontline workers, contributing to a wide spectrum of men's silence right through to relative openness about vulnerability, both in the workplace and domestic spheres. The findings provide importanat insights into how vulnerability is institutionally regulated, illuminating and contrasting how the possibilities for male vulnerabilities are socially produced.
Regulatory mechanisms governing collagen peptides and their 3D printing application for frozen surimi
Authors: Shi Yi , Tu Lanlan , Yuan Chengzhi , Wu Jinhong , Li Xianghong , Wang Shaoyun , Chen Huiyun , Chen Xu
Published: May 2022

Myofibrillar proteins (MPs) are important to the gel formation that occurs in frozen surimi. Importantly, their unique gel‐forming ability indicates that surimi may be a promising material for use in 3D printing. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of collagen peptides on the cryoprotection of MPs during freeze–thaw (FT) cycles and the subsequent printability of surimi. The results showed that the collagen peptide had both protective and destructive actions during the tested FT cycles. The addition of 1.0% collagen peptide provided significant cryoprotection to the MPs. This addition effectively maintained the structural stability of MPs while also weakening FT effects on bound water and its mobility. We also assessed the rheological and 3D‐printing characteristics of surimi with 1.0% collagen peptide. The rheological results indicated that the surimi with collagen peptides had better characteristics, including shear‐thinning behavior, better recovery, and improved mechanical properties. Combined with the actual printing effect, materials with good shear‐thinning behavior, high apparent viscosity, and high recovery might be more suitable for 3D printing. Moreover, the high G′ contributed to good structural maintenance after printing. Collectively, these results indicated that collagen peptide may serve as a new, low‐sugar cryoprotectant for use in surimi. Moreover, that its use would result in a healthier system that has increased stability, precision, and formability with applications in extrusion‐based 3D printing. The results of this study provide theoretical reference for the development of new surimi materials with freezing stability and good 3D printing performance.

Practical Application

This study confirmed the protective action of 1.0% collagen peptides for surimi and the contribution of it to well printing precision and structure maintenance for 3D printing, providing a firm foundation for the use of collagen peptide as a low‐sugar cryoprotectant and developed a new type of surimi as a food material for 3D printing.
Threadfin bream surimi gel containing squid fin protein hydrolysate: Textural properties, acceptability, and volatile profile
Authors: Singh Avtar , Hong Hui , Benjakul Soottawat
Published: May 2022

Gel properties of threadfin bream surimi gels with squid fin protein hydrolysate (SFPH) at various concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%; w/w) were determined. The gel without SFPH (CON) had the highest breaking force (BrF) and deformation (DeF) as compared to those with SFPH (p < 0.05). Among the gel with SFPH, gel containing 1 and 2% SFPH (SFPH‐1 and SFPH‐2, respectively) had the highest BrF, whereas the lowest value was obtained when 4% SFPH was used (SFPH‐4) (p < 0.05). The whiteness of all samples was slightly decreased with an upsurging amount of SFPH. However, water holding capacity was increased with augmenting levels of SFPH (p < 0.05). Sensory analysis revealed that SFPH‐2 had a higher squid odor and flavor likeness score than CON (p < 0.05). Textural properties, especially hardness, were decreased with increasing SFPH, except for SFPH‐1 and SFPH‐2 (p > 0.05). In addition, the rheological properties, microstructure, and volatile profile of the selected surimi gel were also studied. The storage modulus (G′) of SFPH added samples was decreased as compared to the CON sample. The CON gel had a finer and more compact network as compared to SFPH‐2 and SFPH‐4 samples. Volatile profiles indicated that alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones, and ether were the major volatile compounds present in both gel samples. Furthermore, thiophene, 3‐methyl‐, contributing to squid flavor, was found in the SFPH‐2 sample. Overall, SFPH at 2% could act as a flavorant in the threadfin bream surimi gel without markedly negative impact on gelling and textural properties, while providing squid odor and flavor to the resulting gel.

Practical Application

The various low‐valued byproducts generated from the squid processing industry could result in various environmental problems. Those byproducts are rich in various biomolecules such as proteins, fats, enzymes, and so forth, which could be utilized to produce value‐added products. Among them, protein hydrolysate (PH) rich in amino acids with excellent antioxidant properties could serve as an alternative flavorant. Therefore, PH from squid byproducts, especially fins, could be applied in foods such as fish balls, surimi gels, and so forth to enhance the nutritional and flavoring profile of a finished product. Moreover, bioactive peptides in PH with antioxidant potential could retard the oxidation of proteins and lipids.
Opinions and strategies of Australian health professionals on tackling cancer‐related financial toxicity: A nationwide survey
Authors: Gordon Louisa G. , Nabukalu Doreen , Chan Raymond J. , Goldsbury David E. , Hobbs Kim , Hunt Lee , Karikios Deme J. , Mackay Gillian , Muir Laura , Leigh Lillian , Thamm Carla , Lindsay Daniel , Whittaker Kate , Varlow Megan , McLoone Jordana , Financial Toxicity Working Group on behalf of the COSA
Published: May 2022

Aim

To understand the opinions and current practices of health professionals on the topic of addressing cancer‐related financial toxicity among patients.

Methods

A cross‐sectional online survey was distributed through Australian clinical oncology professional organizations/networks. The multidisciplinary Clinical Oncology Society of Australia Financial Toxicity Working Group developed 25 questions relating to the frequency and comfort levels of patient–clinician discussions, opinions about their role, strategies used, and barriers to providing solutions for patients. Descriptive statistics were used and subgroup analyses were undertaken by occupational groups.

Results

Two hundred and seventy‐seven health professionals completed the survey. The majority were female (n = 213, 77%), worked in public facilities (200, 72%), and treated patients with varied cancer types across all of Australia. Most participants agreed that it was appropriate in their clinical role to discuss financial concerns and 231 (88%) believed that these discussions were an important part of high‐quality care. However, 73 (28%) stated that they did not have the appropriate information on support services or resources to facilitate such conversations, differing by occupation group; 7 (11%) social workers, 34 (44%) medical specialists, 18 (25%) nurses, and 14 (27%) of other occupations. Hindrances to discussing financial concerns were insufficient resources or support systems to refer to, followed by lack of time in a typical consultation.

Conclusion

Health professionals in cancer care commonly address the financial concerns of their patients but attitudes differed across occupations about their role, and frustrations were raised about available solutions. Resources supporting financial‐related discussions for all health professionals are urgently needed to advance action in this field.
Specters of the Colony
Authors: Boulton Jack
Published: May 2022

This story is a wander—walking through conversation, histories, and the beach‐side city of Swakopmund, Namibia—guided by Daniel, a young man I spent much time with while in Swakopmund conducting fieldwork. Written from memory but aided by one particularly evocative recording, photographs, and a field diary, the story points to different experiences and histories that lie beyond the surface of the everyday: ghosts hidden in buildings, people, and the spaces and gaps between them. Even if they are not exact representations of the events being told, all stories are grounded in truth.
The impact of red blood cell transfusion practices on inpatient mortality in variceal and non‐variceal gastrointestinal bleeding patients: a 20‐year US nationwide retrospective analysis
Authors: Radadiya Dhruvil , Devani Kalpit , Rockey Don C.
Published: May 2022

Background

Previous studies in upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding have reported inconsistent outcomes about packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion practices.

Aim

To assess whether PRBC transfusion is more likely to be dangerous in variceal bleeding than in non‐variceal bleeding due to concern of over‐transfusion leading to elevated portal pressure.

Methods

We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1999–2018). We identified patients with upper GI bleeding using an algorithmic approach, categorising bleeding from non‐variceal or variceal sources. Our primary outcome was all‐cause inpatient mortality. To control for the severity of bleeding, we performed propensity matching of baseline features, including age, gender, the presence of shock, the need for ICU care and co‐morbidities. We also examined PRBC transfusion, inpatient mortality and hospitalisation rates for both populations.

Results

We included 10,228,524 upper GI bleeding discharges; 755,135 patients had variceal bleeding. After propensity matching, PRBC transfusion in variceal bleeders was associated with a 22% increase in inpatient mortality, whereas non‐variceal bleeders had a 9% increase in inpatient mortality. Compared to non‐variceal bleeders receiving blood transfusion, variceal bleeders had nearly four‐fold higher odds of inpatient mortality (propensity‐matched OR: 3.8; 95% CI: 3.7–3.8; p < 0.001). Notably, PRBC transfusion rates in both groups have declined since 2011, although it has remained higher in variceal bleeders. Mortality for upper GI bleeding has been declining since 1999.

Conclusions

Although decreased over the last decade, PRBC transfusion rates remain high for variceal bleeders. In addition, PRBC transfusion appears to be more detrimental in variceal bleeders than in non‐variceal bleeders.
Hiding and seeking: Children's lived experiences during COVID‐19
Authors: Koller Donna , Grossi Maxime , van den Heuvel Meta , Wong Peter
Published: May 2022

A qualitative study explored the perspectives and lived experiences of school‐age children during COVID‐19 using a child rights lens. Twenty children between the ages of 7 and 12 participated in open‐ended, virtual interviews. Our hermeneutic analysis found children's right to play and education were severely compromised leaving children to navigate between two worlds: the adult world of public health restrictions and that of their childhood. Despite challenges and lost childhood opportunities, children emerged as competent social agents and responsible citizens. Planning for future pandemics should include policies and practices that balance public health needs with the protection of children's rights.
Early renal impairment is associated with in‐hospital death of patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Bao Pei‐ling , Deng Ke‐lan , Yuan An‐long , Yan Yi‐min , Feng Ai‐qiao , Li Tao , Liu Xiao‐an
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Renal impairment is a common complication in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), although its prognostic significance remains unknown.

Objectives

This study determines the impact of early renal impairment on the clinical outcome of COVID‐19.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 and hospitalized in Xiaogan Central Hospital from 20 January to 29 February 2020 were retrospectively included and grouped into two cohorts (cohort with normal renal function and cohort with renal insufficiency) based on the renal function detected on admission. Records of clinical manifestation, laboratory findings and clinical outcome were collected and compared between these two cohorts.

Results

A total 543 COVID‐19 patients were included. Among these patients, 70 patients developed early renal impairment, with an incidence of 12.89%. A significantly higher white blood cell (WBC) count, C‐reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum creatine (Cr), blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and a significantly lower blood platelet (PLT), lymphocyte count, prealbumin and albumin (ALB) were detected in the cohort with renal insufficiency (P < 0.05). Patients with early renal impairment were also associated with higher incidences of haematuria/proteinuria, higher incidences of mortality and prolonged hospitalization duration. The independent risk factors for in‐hospital death included age >65 years old, complication of diabetes, renal impairment on admission (Cr > 73 μmol/L and eGFR < 60 ml/min 1.73 m2), WBC > 9.5 × 109/L and ALB < 35 g/L.

Conclusion

Early renal impairment is associated with higher risk of in‐hospital death for patients with COVID‐19. Risk stratification according to renal function can better guide the clinical management of COVID‐19.
The researcher–practitioner symbiosis: Evolving mutualisms from parachutes
Authors: Vargas María Teresa , Garcia Máximo , Vidaurre Tito , Carrasco Alex , Araujo Natalia , Medema Camille , Asquith Nigel , Pynegar Edwin , Tobon Conrado , Manco Yurani , Ma Zhao , Bauchet Jonathan , Grillos Tara , McWherter Brooke
Published: May 2022

Researchers and practitioners often exist symbiotically, but this relationship does not always benefit both parties. We here discuss a mutualistic research symbiosis that our organizations have developed over the last decade, the challenges which we have experienced as part of this process, and how our experiences may help others intending to develop such mutualisms. The defining characteristic of our model is that conservation implementers, not investigators, lead the research. This power balance has promoted synergies between researchers and practitioners and has resulted in one of the first ever Randomized Control Trials of a conservation intervention. We have shortened the distance between basic research and field practices by ensuring that the people who will use the results of an investigation play a lead role in designing and implementing it. Local conservation practitioners have been trained in cutting edge scientific methodologies, while university researchers have had an unparalleled role in designing the conservation and development intervention. Our research model is not perfect, however. Although we have facilitated tight relationships between implementers and researchers, such partnerships take significant resources to develop. Moreover, shortening the traditional “arm's length” distance between implementers and investigators is a double‐edged sword: some donors are uncomfortable that our researchers and practitioners comprise a mutually dependent team. Nevertheless, we believe that our model's benefits outweigh its costs. When our researchers undertake their investigations, they do so in ways that do not simply meet their publication needs. Rather, the integration of partners into a mutualistic research team ensures that our investigations are both scientifically cutting edge and that they can improve our conservation initiatives on the ground in real time.
Estimating colorectal polyp size with a virtual scale endoscope and visual estimation during colonoscopy: Prospective, preliminary comparison of accuracy
Authors: Shimoda Ryo , Akutagawa Takashi , Tomonaga Michito , Murano Tatsuro , Shinmura Kensuke , Yoshioka Masato , Teramura Yuichi , Kiyomi Fumiaki , Ikematsu Hiroaki
Published: May 2022

The virtual scale endoscope (VSE) is a new endoscope that helps estimate the size of neoplasms in the gastrointestinal tract. We compared the accuracy of polyp size estimation by VSE with that of visual estimation. A dual center prospective study was conducted in two Japanese academic endoscopy units. Ten endoscopists (five trainees and five experts) estimated the size of 20 simulated polyps in four colon phantoms during colonoscopy by two methods: conventional visual estimation and estimation by VSE. The primary endpoint was the relative accuracy in relation to true polyp size according to visual estimation and VSE estimation during colonoscopy. The secondary endpoint was the required time (the time needed to measure in each procedure). The mean values of the primary end‐point were 62.5% for visual estimation and 84.0% for VSE estimation; hence the result differed significantly (95% confidence interval 18.3–24.7; P < 0.001). The mean of required times was significantly longer for estimation by VSE (6.4 min) than that by visual estimation (2.9 min; P < 0.001). The accuracy of colorectal polyp size estimation was superior with VSE than with visual estimation during colonoscopy. In the future, VSE should be evaluated in actual clinical settings, including the time required for size estimation.
Efficacy of tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes: An adjusted indirect treatment comparison
Authors: Vadher Karan , Patel Hiren , Mody Reema , Levine Joshua A. , Hoog Meredith , Cheng Alice YY. , Pantalone Kevin M. , Sapin Hélène
Published: May 2022

Aim

To conduct an adjusted indirect treatment comparison (aITC) of the efficacy of tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

The primary analysis was a Bucher aITC of the change from baseline at week 40 in HbA1c (%) and body weight (kg). Aggregate data from the SURPASS‐2 study that met the HbA1c inclusion criterion of the SUSTAIN FORTE study and from SUSTAIN FORTE metformin‐only treated patients were used for primary analysis.

Results

The SURPASS‐2 refined population comprised 238/245/240 and 240 participants for tirzepatide 5/10/15 mg and semaglutide 1 mg, respectively. The SUSTAIN FORTE metformin‐only population comprised 222 and 227 participants for semaglutide 1 and 2 mg, respectively. In this aITC, tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly reduced HbA1c versus semaglutide 2 mg with an estimated treatment difference (ETD) of −0.36% (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.63, −0.09) and −0.4% (95% CI −0.67, −0.13), respectively. Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly reduced body weight versus semaglutide 2 mg with an ETD of −3.15 kg (95% CI −4.84, −1.46) and −5.15 kg (95% CI −6.85, −3.45), respectively. There were no significant differences between tirzepatide 5 mg and semaglutide 2 mg on change from baseline in HbA1c and body weight.

Conclusions

In this aITC, HbA1c and weight reductions were significantly greater for tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg and were similar for tirzepatide 5 mg versus semaglutide 2 mg. These findings provide comparative effectiveness insights in the absence of a head‐to‐head clinical trial.
Central bank digital currency, tax evasion, and inflation tax
Authors: Kwon Ohik , Lee Seungduck , Park Jaevin
Published: May 2022

Can introducing a central bank digital currency (CBDC) improve social welfare? We construct a dual currency model to study whether CBDC with a record‐keeping technology can reduce tax evasion incentives in cash transactions and further achieve better allocations than a cash‐only economy with respect to fiscal arithmetic. We show that when there is inefficiency associated with tax evasion in cash transactions, introducing CBDC with strictly positive interest can remove the inefficiency and thus improve welfare by discouraging tax evasion and rewarding tax payments. This beneficial effect of the CBDC depends on the central bank's fiscal role.