bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multivariate Analysis for the Influence of Ejection Fraction Value on Propofol Anesthesia Induction Requirement and its Pharmacodynamic Properties in Cardiopulmonary Bypass Surgery (Observational Study based on the Clinical Outcomes)
Authors: Permeisari Dias
Published: December 2022

Background

The majority of propofol utilization as an induction anesthetic in cardiac surgery, particularly in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery led to several risks to the patient. The most common risk is dropped mean arterial pressure, even with the high risk of cardiac arrest.

Objective

Determining the influences of ejection fraction value on the amount of propofol requirement as an induction agent based on the patient’s primary outcome (BIS spectral index) and the secondary outcomes (mean arterial pressure and heart rate)

Design

Prospective study, analytical observational with multivariate linear regression analysis, and multicenter study

Setting

2 hospitals, including 1 teaching hospital and 1 private hospital

Patients

all patients who underwent cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and are eligible for the inclusion criteria

Measurements

Doses of Propofol as an anesthesia induction, mean arterial pressure (MAP) prior to surgery, heart rate (HR) prior to surgery, BIS Spectral Index prior to surgery, MAP after induction, HR after induction, and BIS Spectral Index after induction

Results

These data were analyzed using MATLAB R2022a software to obtain R2(determining the effect size or influences) and p-value for each condition of ejection fraction value and the clinical responses. The data of this observational study is divided into six groups : 1. the effect size of ejection fraction value < 50% on BIS index obtained R20.9231 and p-value 0.88, 2. the effect size of ejection fraction value ≥ 50% on BIS index obtained R20.7794 and p-value 0.01, 3. the effect size of ejection fraction value < 50% on mean arterial pressure obtained R20.00024 and p-value 0.97, 4. The effect size of ejection fraction value ≥ 50% on mean arterial pressure obtained R20.0786 and p-value 0.005, 5. The effect size of ejection fraction value < 50% on heart rate obtained R20.3992 and p-value 0.06, 6. The effect size of ejection fraction value ≥ 50% on heart rate obtained R20.1757 and p-value 7.0776e-04.

Conclusions

Propofol extremely impacts BIS index value compared to the patient’s mean arterial pressure or heart rate at the induction doses of propofol in general anesthesia for patients with a reduced ejection fraction
A Transformer-Based Model Trained on Large Scale Claims Data for Prediction of Severe COVID-19 Disease Progression
Authors: Lentzen Manuel , Linden Thomas , Veeranki Sai , Madan Sumit , Kramer Diether , Leodolter Werner , Fröhlich Holger
Published: December 2022

In situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems are under enormous pressure as they can rapidly collapse under the burden of the crisis. Machine learning (ML) based risk models could lift the burden by identifying patients with high risk of severe disease progression. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) provide crucial sources of information to develop these models because they rely on routinely collected healthcare data. However, EHR data is challenging for training ML models because it contains irregularly timestamped diagnosis, prescription, and procedure codes. For such data, transformer-based models are promising. We extended the previously published Med-BERT model by including age, sex, medications, quantitative clinical measures, and state information. After pre-training on approximately 988 million EHRs from 3.5 million patients, we developed models to predict Acute Respiratory Manifestations (ARM) risk using the medical history of 80,211 COVID-19 patients. Compared to XGBoost and Random Forests, our transformer-based models more accurately forecast the risk of developing ARM after COVID-19 infection. We used Integrated Gradients and Bayesian networks to understand the link between the essential features of our model. Finally, we evaluated adapting our model to Austrian in-patient data. Our study highlights the promise of predictive transformer-based models for precision medicine.
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Covid 19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A Systematic Review
Authors: Hoole Anbesan
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a feared consequence of Covid 19 Pneumonia. Traditional guidance was for ARDS to be treated with Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation (IMV), when failing simple oxygen. However globally numbers of patients with Covid 19 ARDS (CARDS) quickly overwhelmed IMV capacity, with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) has been used as a bridge or alternative to IMV. However, the evidence base remains limited in quality despite widespread adoption in guidelines.

Methods

Pubmed (15.6.2022), Embase (30.7.2022) and Google Scholar (4.8.2022) were searched to identify studies with the primary outcome of IMV free survival in patients with CARDS receiving CPAP, ideally with simple oxygen as a comparator. Secondary outcomes were overall survival with CPAP, length of stay and adverse events. All studies were assessed by the relevant Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Tool (CASP).

Results

13 studies were identified, out of which only 1 was a Randomised Control Trial (RCT) with simple oxygen as a comparator. There were 11 Cohort studies and one Systematic review.

Discussion

There is much heterogeneity in CPAP success rates (50 – 70%), which may be linked to variation in candidate selection, resource setting, application protocols and combined use with other respiratory support modalities (Non Invasive Ventilation – NIV, and High Flow Nasal Oxygen – HFNO). Adverse events and economic data such as length of stay are under reported.

Conclusion

CPAP is an effective respiratory support in CARDS particularly in resource poor settings. However further research is needed to refine optimum candidate selection, application protocols and any added benefit from combination with NIV or HFNO.

No funding was received for this study. This review was not registered.
Tools for categorization of diagnostic codes in hospital data: Operationalizing CCSR into a patient data repository
Authors: Malecki Sarah , Loffler Anne , Tamming Daniel , Fralick Michael , Sohail Shahmir , Shi Jiamin , Roberts Surain , Colacci Michael , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol
Published: December 2022

Background

The Clinical Classification Software refined version (CCSR) is a tool to aggregateInternational Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification/Procedure Coding System(ICD-10-CM/PCS) diagnosis codes into clinically meaningful categories. ICD-10-CM/PCS codes are primarily used in the United States and the tool has not been optimized for use with other country-specific ICD-10 coding systems.

Method

We developed an automated procedure for mapping Canadian ICD-10 codes (ICD-10-CA) to CCSR categories using discharge diagnosis data from adult medical hospitalizations at 7 hospitals between Apr 1 2010 and Dec 31 2020, and manually validated the results.

Results

There were 383,972 Canadian hospital admissions with 5,186 distinct ICD-10 discharge diagnosis codes. Only 46.6% of ICD-10-CA codes could be mapped directly to CCSR categories. Our algorithm improved mapping of hospital codes to CCSR categories to 98.2%. Validation of the algorithm demonstrated a high degree of accuracy with strong interrater agreement (observed proportionate agreement of 0.98). The algorithm was critical for mapping the majority of diagnosis codes associated with heart failure (96.6%), neurocognitive disorders (96.0%), skin and subcutaneous tissue infections (97.2%), and epilepsy (92.5%).

Conclusion

Our algorithm for operationalizing CCSR into a patient data repository (https://github.com/GEMINI-Medicine/gemini-ccsr) has been validated for use with Canadian ICD-10 codes and may be useful to clinicians and researchers from diverse geographic locations.
Time-varying and tissue-dependent effects of adiposity on leptin levels: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Richardson Tom G , Leyden Genevieve M , Davey Smith George
Published: December 2022

Background

Findings from Mendelian randomization (MR) studies are conventionally interpreted as lifelong effects, which typically do not provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of an exposure on an outcome. In this study, we apply two recently developed MR approaches (known as ‘lifecourse’ and ‘tissue-partitioned’ MR) to investigate lifestage specific effects and tissues of action in the relationship between adiposity and circulating leptin levels.

Method

Genetic instruments for childhood and adult adiposity were used to estimate lifestage specific effects on leptin levels measured during early life (mean age:10 years) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and in adulthood (mean age:55 years) using summary-level data from the deCODE Health study. This was followed by partitioning body mass index (BMI) instruments into those whose effects are putatively mediated by gene expression in either subcutaneous adipose or brain tissues, followed by using MR to simultaneously estimate their separate effects on childhood and adult leptin levels.

Results

There was strong evidence that childhood adiposity has a direct effect on leptin levels at age 10 years in the lifecourse (Beta=1.10, 95% CI=0.90 to 1.30, P=6×10−28), whereas evidence of an indirect effect was found on adulthood leptin along the causal pathway involving adulthood body size (Beta=0.74, 95% CI=0.62 to 0.86, P=1×10−33). Tissue-partitioned MR analyses provided evidence to suggest that BMI exerts its effect on leptin levels during both childhood and adulthood via brain-tissue mediated pathways (Beta=0.79, 95% CI=0.22 to 1.36, P=6×10−3& Beta=0.51, 95% CI=0.32 to 0.69, P=1×10−7respectively).

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate the use of lifecourse MR to disentangle direct and indirect effects of early life exposures on time-varying complex outcomes. Furthermore, by integrating tissue-specific data, we highlight the aetiological importance of appetite regulation in the effect of adiposity on leptin levels, as well as raising implications for the gene-environment equivalence assumption in MR.

Funding

This work was supported by the Integrative Epidemiology Unit which receives funding from the UK Medical Research Council and the University of Bristol (MC_UU_00011/1).
Epigenomic complexity of the human brain revealed by single-cell DNA methylomes and 3D genome structures
Authors: Tian Wei , Zhou Jingtian , Bartlett Anna , Zeng Qiurui , Liu Hanqing , Castanon Rosa G. , Kenworthy Mia , Altshul Jordan , Valadon Cynthia , Aldridge Andrew , Nery Joseph R. , Chen Huaming , Xu Jiaying , Johnson Nicholas D. , Lucero Jacinta , Osteen Julia K. , Emerson Nora , Rink Jon , Lee Jasper , Li Yang , Siletti Kimberly , Liem Michelle , Claffey Naomi , O’Connor Caz , Yanny Anna Marie , Nyhus Julie , Dee Nick , Casper Tamara , Shapovalova Nadiya , Hirschstein Daniel , Hodge Rebecca , Levi Boaz P. , Keene C. Dirk , Linnarsson Sten , Lein Ed , Ren Bing , Behrens M. Margarita , Ecker Joseph R.
Published: December 2022

Delineating the gene regulatory programs underlying complex cell types is fundamental for understanding brain functions in health and disease. Here, we comprehensively examine human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in over 500,000 cells from 46 brain regions. We identified 188 cell types and characterized their molecular signatures. Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. With these resources, we developed scMCodes that reliably predict brain cell types using their methylation status at select genomic sites. This multimodal epigenomic brain cell atlas provides new insights into the complexity of cell type-specific gene regulation in the adult human brain.
Temporal landscape of mitochondrial proteostasis governed by the UPRmt
Authors: Uoselis Louise , Lindblom Runa , Skulsuppaisarn Marvin , Khuu Grace , Nguyen Thanh N. , Rudler Danielle L. , Filipovska Aleksandra , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Lazarou Michael
Published: December 2022

Breakdown of mitochondrial proteostasis activates quality control pathways including the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) and PINK1/Parkin mitophagy. However, beyond the upregulation of chaperones and proteases, we have a limited understanding of how the UPRmtremodels and restores damaged mito-proteomes. Here, we have developed a functional proteomics framework, termed MitoPQ (MitochondrialProteostasisQuantification), to dissect the UPRmt’s role in maintaining proteostasis during stress. We discover essential roles for the UPRmtin both protecting and repairing proteostasis, with oxidative phosphorylation metabolism being a central target of the UPRmt. Transcriptome analyses together with MitoPQ reveal that UPRmttranscription factors drive independent signaling arms that act in concert to maintain proteostasis. Unidirectional interplay between the UPRmtand PINK1/Parkin mitophagy was found to promote oxidative phosphorylation recovery when the UPRmtfailed. Collectively, this study defines the network of proteostasis mediated by the UPRmtand highlights the value of functional proteomics in decoding stressed proteomes.
Robust and High-Throughput Analytical Flow Proteomics Analysis of Cynomolgus Monkey and Human Matrices with Zeno SWATH Data Independent Acquisition
Authors: Sun Weiwen , Lin Yuan , Huang Yue , Chan Josolyn , Terrillon Sonia , Rosenbaum Anton I. , Contrepois Kévin
Published: December 2022

Modern mass spectrometers routinely allow deep proteome coverage in a single experiment. These methods are typically operated at nano and micro flow regimes, but they often lack throughput and chromatographic robustness, which is critical for large-scale studies. In this context, we have developed, optimized and benchmarked LC-MS methods combining the robustness and throughput of analytical flow chromatography with the added sensitivity provided by the Zeno trap across a wide range of cynomolgus monkey and human matrices of interest for toxicological studies and clinical biomarker discovery. SWATH data independent acquisition (DIA) experiments with Zeno trap activated (Zeno SWATH DIA) provided a clear advantage over conventional SWATH DIA in all sample types tested with improved sensitivity, quantitative robustness and signal linearity as well as increased protein coverage by up to 9-fold. Using a 10-min gradient chromatography, up to 3,300 proteins were identified in tissues at 2 µg peptide load. Importantly, the performance gains with Zeno SWATH translated into better biological pathway representation and improved the ability to identify dysregulated proteins and pathways associated with two metabolic diseases in human plasma. Finally, we demonstrate that this method is highly stable over time with the acquisition of reliable data over the injection of 1,000+ samples (14.2 days of uninterrupted acquisition) without the need for human intervention or normalization. Altogether, Zeno SWATH DIA methodology allows fast, sensitive and robust proteomic workflows using analytical flow and is amenable to large-scale studies. This work provides detailed method performance assessment on a variety of relevant biological matrices and serves as a valuable resource for the proteomics community.
Analysis of RNA polyadenylation in healthy and osteoarthritic human articular cartilage
Authors: Winstanley-Zarach Phaedra , Rot Gregor , Kuba Shweta , Smagul Aibek , Peffers Mandy J , Tew Simon R
Published: December 2022

An important transcript structural element is its 3’ polyadenylated (polyA) tail, which defines the 3’ boundary of the transcript’s genetic information and is necessary for transcript stability. The position of the polyA tail can vary, with multiple alternatively polyadenylated (APA) transcripts existing for a single gene. This can lead to different length transcripts which can vary in their 3’ regulatory domains and even by inclusion or exclusion of protein-coding introns. The distribution of polyA tail location on articular chondrocyte transcripts has not been examined before and this study aimed to be the first to define polyadenylation events in human chondrocytes using age-matched healthy and osteoarthritic knee articular cartilage samples. Total RNA was isolated from frozen tissue samples and analysed using the QuantSeqReverse 3’ RNA Sequencing approach, where each read runs 3’ to 5’ from within the polyA tail into the transcript and will contains a distinct polyA site. Initial analysis of differential expression of overall transcript abundance identified by the reads showed significant disruption to transcript levels when healthy samples were compared to osteoarthritic ones. As we expected, differentially regulated genes were enriched with functionalities that were strongly associated with joint pathology. As part of this analysis, we also identified a substantial number of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs that had not been linked to osteoarthritis before. Subsequent examination of polyA site data allowed us to deifne the extent of site usage across all the samples. This included identification of chondrocyte genes that exhibited the greatest amount polyA site variation. When comparing healthy and osteoarthritic samples, we found that differential use of polyadenylation sites was modest. However, of the small number of genes affected, there was clear potential for the change in polyadenylation site usage elicited by pathology to have functional relevance. We examined two genes, OSMR and KMT2A, in more detail, defining how APA affects transcript turnover and then, in the case of OSMR, identifying that APA is sensitive to inflammatory cytokine stimulation. Overall, we have characterised the polyadenylation landscape of human knee articular chondrocytes but can conclude that osteoarthritis does not elicit a widespread change in their polyadenylation site usage. This finding differentiates knee osteoarthritis from pathologies such as cancer where APA is more commonly observed.
Vector-valued dopamine improves learning of continuous outputs in the striatum
Authors: Wärnberg Emil , Kumar Arvind
Published: December 2022

It is well established that midbrain dopaminergic neurons support reinforcement learning (RL) in the basal ganglia by transmitting a reward prediction error (RPE) to the striatum. In particular, different computational models and experiments have shown that a striatumwide RPE signal can support RL over a small discrete set of actions (e.g. no/no-go, choose left/right). However, there is accumulating evidence that the basal ganglia functions not as a selector between predefined actions, but rather as a dynamical system with graded, continuous outputs. To reconcile this view with RL, there is a need to explain how dopamine could support learning of dynamic outputs, rather than discrete action values.

Inspired by the recent observations that besides RPE, the firing rates of midbrain dopaminergic neurons correlate with motor and cognitive variables, we propose a model in which dopamine signal in the striatum carries a vector-valued error feedback signal (a loss gradient) instead of a homogeneous scalar error (a loss). Using a recurrent network model of the basal ganglia, we show that such a vector-valued feedback signal results in an increased capacity to learn a multidimensional series of real-valued outputs. The corticostriatal plasticity rule we employed is based on Random Feedback Learning Online learning and is a fully local, “three-factor” product of the presynaptic firing rate, a post-synaptic factor and the unique dopamine concentration perceived by each striatal neuron. Crucially, we demonstrate that under this plasticity rule, the improvement in learning does not require precise nigrostriatal synapses, but is compatible with random placement of varicosities and diffuse volume transmission of dopamine.
PRC2 direct transfer from G-quadruplex RNA to dsDNA: Implications for RNA-binding chromatin modifiers
Authors: Hemphill Wayne O. , Fenske Regan , Gooding Anne R. , Cech Thomas R.
Published: December 2022

The chromatin-modifying enzyme, Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), deposits the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark to negatively regulate expression at numerous target genes, and this activity has been implicated in embryonic development, cell differentiation, and various cancers. A biological role for RNA binding in regulating PRC2 histone methyltransferase activity is generally accepted, but the nature and mechanism of this relationship remains an area of active investigation. Notably, manyin vitrostudies demonstrate that RNA inhibits PRC2 activity on nucleosomes through mutually antagonistic binding, while somein vivostudies indicate that PRC2’s RNA-binding activity is critical for facilitating its biological function(s). Here we use biochemical, biophysical, and computational approaches to interrogate PRC2’s RNA and DNA binding kinetics. Our findings demonstrate that PRC2-polynucleotide dissociation rates are dependent on the concentration of free ligand, indicating the potential for direct transfer between ligands without a free-enzyme intermediate. Direct transfer explains the variation in dissociation kinetics reported previously, allows reconciliation of priorin vitroandin vivostudies, and expands the potential mechanisms of RNA-mediated PRC2 regulation. Moreover, simulations indicate that such a direct transfer mechanism could be obligatory for RNA to recruit proteins to chromatin.

Significance

Studies of PRC2in vitroindicate that RNA inhibits its histone methyltransferase (HMTase) activity through mutually antagonistic binding with nucleosomes, but somein vivostudies paradoxically suggest that RNA binding is necessary to facilitate chromatin occupancy and HMTase activity. Our findings unveil a protein-intrinsic mechanism for directly exchanging RNA and DNA/nucleosome in PRC2’s binding site(s), which reconciles these prior findings by allowing antagonistic or synergistic RNA-mediated regulation dependent on RNA-nucleosome proximity. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness that multiple chromatin-associated proteins exhibit regulatory RNA binding activity, and our findings indicate this “direct transfer” mechanism may be generally required for such regulation.
Effect of institutional support and entrepreneurial knowledge on women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy and venture performance in a developing country
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia A. Abdelmegeed , Soomro Bahadur Ali , Shah Naimatullah , Saraih Ummi Naiemah
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Women’s entrepreneurship has become an essential movement in developing economies and is accepted in all working areas. This study aims to propose the effect of institutional support (IS) and entrepreneurial knowledge (ENK) on women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy (WESE) and venture performance (VP) in a developing country, namely, Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

The constructive theoretical framework comprises of an extensive review of current literature. In this study, the researchers used a deductive approach that used cross-sectional data collected through women entrepreneurs completing a questionnaire. Consequently, this study comprised 324 usable samples.

Findings

The structural equation model reveals that formal institutional support (FIS), informal institutional support (IFIS) and ENK have a positive and significant effect on WESE that is concerned with the VP. Finally, WESE is a potent construct that mediates the association between FIS, IFIS, ENK and VP.

Practical implications

This study’s findings provide policymakers and government with guidance so that, by providing entrepreneurship and technical courses to develop more entrepreneurial self-efficacy, they focus more on women’s entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this improves VP. Finally, this study’s findings would provide guidelines for allocating financial assistance or funds for women. By using these funds, they can start their businesses to tackle miserable conditions, i.e. poverty and unemployment.

Originality/value

This study’s findings help to support the creation of self-employment opportunities and starting a business to improve well-being and socioeconomic conditions.
Wettability surface and friction characterisation of ZrO2 ceramics by femtosecond laser texturing
Authors: Yang Qibiao , You Yunhan , Cheng Bojin , Chen Lie , Cheng Jian , Lou Deyuan , Wang Yutao , Liu Dun
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to process the wettability surface of the ZrO2 ceramics to improve their surface friction performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Microtexture was processed on the surface of ZrO2 ceramics using a femtosecond laser. The three-dimensional texture morphology, surface contact angle, friction curve and wear morphology were measured by the laser confocal microscope, the contact angle meter, the reciprocating friction and wear tester and the scanning electron microscope, respectively. Based on Wenzel and partial impalement models, a geometric model of micro pits is established to study the influence mechanism of micro pit depth, diameter and distribution density on wettability and to analyze the relationship between surface wettability and tribological properties.

Findings

The results show that changing the geometric characteristics of the texture will lead to a change in the solid-liquid contact mode, and then lead to a change of in the surface contact angle. Wettability is an essential factor that affects the reduction of surface friction. The construction of a reasonable texture can enhance the surface hydrophilicity, which is conducive to the formation of a lubricating film on the ceramic surface, thereby reducing abrasive and adhesive wear, and improving the wear resistance of the ZrO2 ceramic surface.

Originality/value

The results provide a theoretical reference for femtosecond laser surface texture wettability regulation and tribological performance improvement.
A novel dual-stage shape memory alloy actuated gripper
Authors: Li Xiaozheng , Liu Shutian , Tong Liyong , Gao Renjing
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The paper aims to propose a novel dual-stage shape memory alloy (SMA) actuated gripper (DAG), of which the grasp performance is improved through primary and secondary actuation.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a method of integrating the design of dual-stage actuation modules based on the SMA bias actuation principle to enhance the grasping shape adaptability and force modulation of a DAG. The actuation angle range and grasping performance of the DAG are investigated by thermomechanical analysis and the finite element method based numerical simulation.

Findings

The results of present experiments and simulations indicate that the actuation angle scope of the DAG is about 20° under no load, which enables the grasping space occupied by an object in the DAG from 60 mm to 120 mm. The grasping force adjusted by changing the input power of the primary main actuation module and secondary fine-tuning actuation module can reach a maximum of 2 N, which is capable of grasping objects of various sizes, weights, shapes, etc.

Originality/value

The contribution of this paper is to design a DAG based on SMA, and establish the solution methods for the primary main actuation module and secondary fine-tuning actuation module, respectively. It lays a foundation for the research of lightweight and intelligent robotic grippers.
Exploring success factors of tourism performing arts by analyses of online reviews
Authors: Cui Yuan , Kim Seungwoon , Feng Shi
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aims to explore the success factors of tourism performing arts (TPA) programs by analyzing a large data set of online reviews.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 195,230 reviews from Ctrip.com were collected and preprocessed. A deep learning method was leveraged to estimate the similarity between words. Then, regression analysis was conducted to determine success factors.

Findings

This study extracted four positive and two negative factors affecting tourist satisfaction with tourism performance arts. The results demonstrate that the tourists paid the most attention to the traditional Chinese cultural aspects, audiovisual effects and the actors’ performing enthusiasm.

Research limitations/implications

Despite this study’s large data set, the focused was only on Chinese reviews. It would be useful and interesting to compare the success factors of tourism performance arts programs offered in different countries.

Practical implications

The study findings can contribute to the development of TPA programs to attract tourists to travel destinations.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates that analyzing online reviews of TPA through text mining technology is an effective method of understanding tourist satisfaction.
Leveraging supply integration, mass customization and manufacturing flexibility capabilities and the contingency of innovation orientation
Authors: Jafari Hamid , Ghaderi Hadi , Eslami Mohammad H. , Malik Mohsin
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the relationship between supply integration and firm performance by first, investigating the mediating effects of manufacturing flexibility and mass customization; and second, exploring the moderating role of innovation orientation on the link between internal capabilities and performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Resource orchestration and contingency theories are used to address the mediating and moderating effects. A cross-sectional data set on 242 Swedish manufacturers is used to test for the hypotheses using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings provide support for the mediating roles of manufacturing flexibility and mass customization in the relationship between supply integration and firm performance. However, the results point to contrasting contingent effects of innovation orientation. While innovation orientation positively moderates the association between mass customization and firm performance, it shows a negative impact on the link between flexibility and performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes to the literature on the integrative activities with upstream supply chain actors. Specifically, the authors highlight how specific capability configurations comprising of supply integration, manufacturing flexibility and mass customization lead to firm performance. Moreover, the authors provide insights on the contingency role of innovation, especially if firms consider flexibility or customization capabilities.

Originality/value

While the individual impacts of flexibility and customization on performance have been addressed previously, there is a paucity of research on how these two capabilities are integrated with supply integration. Moreover, there is little known regarding the role of innovation orientation on these integrated relationships.
A start-up’s collaboration in networks for sustainable freight transport: a micro-meso-macro approach to innovation
Authors: Melander Lisa , Lind Frida
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse how start-ups with a clear sustainability focus collaborate with multiple actors at different levels to pursue business ideas and develop sustainable freight transport solutions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper builds on a theoretical approach that includes three levels of analysis: the actor level (micro), business-network level (meso) and society and government level (macro). An embedded case study is used of a focal start-up aiming to innovate on networked platforms and electric and autonomous vehicles (EAVs).

Findings

Activities and resources are developed at the firm (micro), network (meso) and societal levels (macro), and all three levels need to be considered for a start-up, with a clear sustainability focus. Interaction within as well as between levels affects the innovation development, integration and implementation. The many-folded collaborations at the meso level serve as a locus for the integration of EAVs. The start-up’s networking activities with actors at meso and macro levels contribute to it gaining legitimacy in the transport system.

Originality/value

This paper focuses on the importance of collaboration in the context of developing innovative solutions for environmental sustainability and freight transport and provides a unique case of how a start-up company manages collaborations at the micro, meso and macro levels.
Experimental heatwaves disrupt bumblebee foraging through direct heat effects and reduced nectar production
Authors: Hemberger Jeremy A. , Rosenberger Nick M. , Williams Neal M.
Published: December 2022

Heatwaves are an increasingly common extreme weather event across the globe and are projected to surge in frequency and severity in the coming decades. Plant‐pollinator mutualisms are vulnerable due to interacting effects of extreme heat on insect pollinator foraging behaviour and their forage plants.

We designed an experiment to parse the impact of extreme heat on bumblebee foraging mediated directly through air temperature and indirectly through changes in plant rewards.

Temperatures simulating a moderate heatwave negatively impacted foraging bumblebees reducing the proportion of successful foraging bouts, foraging bout duration and plant and flower visitation and indirect stress through reduced nectar production that limited foraging bout duration.

Our experimental results provide a mechanistic link between climate, plants and pollinators and suggest in situ conditions from heatwaves could have profound negative consequences for bumblebee colony persistence and maintenance of pollination services.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
An Empirical Method for the Optimal Setting of the Potential Fields Inverse Problem
Authors: Sampietro Daniele , Capponi Martina , Thébault Erwan , Gailler Lydie
Published: December 2022

The use of potential field methods for geophysical exploration purposes is nowadays quite common: these techniques consent to retrieve geological knowledge over extended regions and can give complementary information where other invasive or expensive techniques, such as seismic acquisitions, fail (e.g., in the recovery of geometries of geological horizons beneath a thick salt layer). Recent dedicated satellite gravity and magnetic missions, such as GRACE, GOCE and SWARM together with the exploitation of offshore satellite altimetry and airborne/shipborne surveys, have paved the way to the realization of a variety of global models, characterized by spatial resolutions of about 4 km (both for gravity anomaly and lithosphere magnetic anomalies) and high accuracy (about mGal and 20 nT). These models are a valuable source of information to study the geological evolution and characterization of the lithosphere structure, especially at a regional scale. In the present work, some preliminary technical aspects related to the use of these models to perform three‐dimensional inversion are discussed, thus defining an empirical but rigorous procedure to set up gravity and magnetic inversion. In particular, we address the questions whether the classical planar approximation is acceptable for regional inversions or if a spherical one is required. We also provide guidance for choosing the best gravity functional (e.g., gravity anomalies or second radial derivative of the anomalous potential) and the optimal sizing of the three‐dimensional volume area to be modelled depending on the specific target investigated. The application of the proposed methods to the Mediterranean case study is also presented.
Competitive Categorization and Networks: Cognitive Strategic Groups
Authors: Han Tian , Ghobadian Abby , Yim Andrew , Tao Ran , Thomas Howard
Published: December 2022

Technological advancement compounds the complexity of competitor identification, making it increasingly multi‐front and multi‐dimensional. Strategic groups are an important unit for competition analysis, typically delineated by firms’ characteristic similarities or cognitive maps. Both have inadequacies – the former produces methodological artefacts, and the latter is subject to scale limitations, replicability and managers’ cognitive blind spots. Hence, the need for alternatives supplementing the existing approaches. We propose a novel grouping methodology based on news co‐mentions, reflecting factual corporate events, executives’ and journalists’ views, and environmental changes. It yields three advantages. First, news depicts interorganizational relationships, alleviating the concern that strategic groups are statistical artefacts. Second, the approach supplements managers’ cognition with that of journalists. Third, the public availability of data offers replicability. The proposed methodology is applied to a sample collected from the US high‐tech sector. We document commonalities between the co‐mention‐based groups and the conventionally used characteristic‐based approach. However, the similarity and groups yielded from news co‐mentions go beyond characteristic similarities in explaining competitive inclination, suggesting that the co‐mention‐based approach offers a robust alternative to identifying competitors and strategic groups. Overall, by developing a novel methodology based on a strong theoretical foundation, this study sheds new light on strategic group research.
Toward a More Just System of Care in Molecular Pathology
Authors: LILLEY CULLEN M. , DELILLE MINERVE , MIRZA KAMRAN M. , PARILLA MEGAN
Published: December 2022

Policy Points

American health care policy must be critically assessed to establish the role it plays in sustaining and alleviating the health disparities that currently exist in molecular genetic testing.

It is critical to understand the economic and sociocultural influences that drive patients to undergo or forgo molecular testing, especially in marginalized patient populations.

A multipronged solution with actions necessary from multiple stakeholders is required to reduce the cost of health care, rebalance regional disparities, encourage physician engagement, reduce data bias, and earn patients’ trust.

Context

The health status of a population is greatly influenced by both biological processes and external factors. For years, minority and low socioeconomic patient populations have faced worse outcomes and poorer health in the United States. Experts have worked extensively to understand the issues and find solutions to alleviate this disproportionate burden of disease. As a result, there have been some improvements and successes, but wide gaps still exist. Diagnostic molecular genetic testing and so‐called personalized medicine are just now being integrated into the current American health care system. The way in which these tests are integrated can either exacerbate or reduce health disparities.

Methods

We provide case scenarios—loosely based on real‐life patients—so that nonexperts can see the impacts of complex policy decisions and unintentional biases in technology without needing to understand all the intricacies. We use data to explain these findings from an extensive literature search examining both peer‐reviewed and gray literature.

Findings

Access to diagnostic molecular genetic testing is not equitable or sufficient, owing to at least five major factors: (1) cost to the patient, (2) location, (3) lack of provider buy‐in, (4) data‐set bias, and (5) lack of public trust.

Conclusions

Molecular genetic pathology can be made more equitable with the concerted efforts of multiple stakeholders. Confronting the five major factors identified here may help us usher in a new era of precision medicine without its discriminatory counterpart.
Engineered nanomaterials‐based sensing systems for assessing the freshness of meat and aquatic products: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Duan Xiaoyan , Li Zhuoran , Wang Lei , Lin Hong , Wang Kaiqiang
Published: December 2022

Meat and aquatic products are susceptible to spoilage during distribution, transportation, and storage, increasing the urgency of freshness evaluation. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) typically with the diameter in the range of 1–100 nm exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties. ENMs‐based sensing systems have received extensive attention for food freshness assessment due to the advantages of being fast, simple, and sensitive. This review focuses on summarizing the recent application of ENMs‐based sensing systems for food freshness detection. First, chemical indicators related to the freshness of meat and aquatic products are described. Then, how to apply the ENMs including noble metal nanomaterials, metal oxide nanomaterials, carbon nanomaterials, and metal–organic frameworks for the construction of different sensing systems were described. Besides, the recent advance in ENMs‐based colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy sensing systems for assessing the freshness of meat and aquatic products were outlined. Finally, the challenges and future research perspectives for the application of ENMs‐based sensing systems were discussed. The ENMs‐based sensing systems have been demonstrated as effective tools for freshness evaluation. The sensing performance of ENMs employed in different sensing systems depends on their composition, size, shape, and stability of nanoparticles. For the real application of ENMs in food industries, the risks and regulatory issues associated with nanomaterials need to be further considered. With the continuous development of nanomaterials and sensing devices, the ENMs‐based sensors are expected to be applied in‐field for rapid detection of the freshness of meat and aquatic products in the future.
Modelling ecological communities when composition is manipulated experimentally
Authors: Skwara Abigail , Lemos‐Costa Paula , Miller Zachary R. , Allesina Stefano
Published: December 2022

In an experimental setting, the composition of ecological communities can be manipulated directly. Starting from a pool of species, it is possible to co‐culture species in different combinations, ranging from monocultures, to pairs, and all the way up to the full species pool. Leveraging datasets with this experimental design, we advance methods to infer species interactions using density measurements taken at a single time point across a variety of distinct community compositions.

First, we introduce a fast and robust algorithm to estimate parameters for simple statistical models describing these data, which can be combined with likelihood maximization approaches. Second, we derive from consumer–resource dynamics a family of statistical models with few parameters, which can be applied to study systems where only a small fraction of the potential community compositions have been observed. Third, we show how a Weighted Least Squares framework can be used to account for the fact that species abundances often display a strong relationship between means and variances.

To illustrate our approach, we analyse datasets spanning plant, bacteria and phytoplankton communities, as well as simulations, consistently recovering a good fit to the data and demonstrating the ability of our methods to predict equilibrium densities in out‐of‐sample communities.

By combining more robust model structures and fitting procedures along with a more flexible error model, we greatly extend the applicability of recently proposed methods to model community composition from experimental data, opening the door for the analysis of larger pools of species using sparser and noisier datasets than was previously possible.
Multiple Large Shareholders and Financial Reporting Quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Yuan Rongli , Han Yadong , Chen Zhanliao
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we examine the effect of multiple large shareholders (MLS) on financial reporting quality. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms over the period 2007–2018, we find that firms with MLS tend to have lower financial reporting quality. Our findings are robust to an array of robustness tests, including controlling for possible omitted variables, a Heckman two‐step sample selection model, and a difference‐in‐differences analysis based on a propensity score matched sample. We further show that the effect of MLS on financial reporting quality is attenuated for firms followed by more analysts, cross‐listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, and held by institutional blockholders. Finally, we find that agency problems appear to be the possible underlying mechanisms through which MLS lower financial reporting quality.
Diversity of atrioventricular conduction in a female teenager
Authors: Chen Qingyong , Jing Xianchao
Published: December 2022

A 13‐year‐old girl was admitted to the Cardiology Clinic of West China Hospital with complains of recurrent palpitations for 1 year, dizziness, and chest tightness. Her ECG intercepted at different time periods in the Holter exhibited complex electrophysiological phenomena, such as sinus arrhythmia, dominant PJB, interpolated PJB, concealed PJB, isolated forward block, insularly retrograde block, reciprocal beat, junctional escape beat, interference atrioventricular dissociation, pseudo‐I°AVB, and pseudo‐II°AVB, which occurred simultaneously. This condition is extremely rare in clinical practice. The patient was prescribed an antiarrhythmic drug (propafenone 50 mg tid). After treatment, the PJB gradually decreased, and the pseudo‐AVB disappeared. Pseudo AVB is generally a benign phenomenon and proper recognition may avoid erroneously permanent pacemaker implantation.
Risk factors for and preventability of drug‐related hospital revisits in older patients: A post‐hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kempen Thomas G. H. , Hedman Anton N. , Hadziosmanovic Nermin , Lindner Karl‐Johan , Melhus Håkan , Nielsen Elisabet I. , Sulku Johanna , Gillespie Ulrika
Published: December 2022

Aim

The aims of this study were (1) to identify older patients' risk factors for drug‐related readmissions and (2) to assess the preventability of older patients' drug‐related revisits.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial with patients aged ≥65 years at eight wards within four hospitals in Sweden. (1) The primary outcome was risk factors for drug‐related readmission within 12 months post‐discharge. A Cox proportional hazards model was made with sociodemographic and clinical baseline characteristics. (2) Four hundred trial participants were randomly selected and their revisits (admissions and emergency department visits) were assessed to identify potentially preventable drug‐related revisits, related diseases and causes.

Results

(1) Among 2637 patients (median age 81 years), 582 (22%) experienced a drug‐related readmission within 12 months. Sixteen risk factors (hazard ratio >1, P < 0.05) related to age, previous hospital visits, medication use, multimorbidity and cardiovascular, liver, lung and peptic ulcer disease were identified. (2) The 400 patients experienced a total of 522 hospital revisits, of which 85 (16%) were potentially preventable drug‐related revisits. The two most prevalent related diseases were heart failure (n = 24, 28%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 13, 15%). The two most prevalent causes were inadequate treatment (n = 23, 27%) and insufficient or no follow‐up (n = 22, 26%).

Conclusion

(1) Risk factors for drug‐related readmissions in older hospitalized patients were age, previous hospital visits, medication use and multiple diseases. (2) Potentially preventable drug‐related hospital revisits are common and might be prevented through adequate pharmacotherapy and continuity of care in older patients with cardiovascular or lung disease.