bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Curable Propylene Copolymers Containing Tert‐Butoxysilane Side Groups
Authors: Zimmer Susanna , Schöbel Alexander , Halbach Tobias , Stohrer Jürgen , Rieger Bernhard
Published: November 2012

In this work, new, crosslinkable copolymers from propylene and di‐tert‐butoxy(methyl)(oct‐7‐enyl)silane are presented. The silane‐functionalized monomer is obtained by hydrosilylation of 1,7‐octadiene with dichloromethylsilane, followed by the substitution of the chloro atoms by tert‐butoxy groups. Homopolymerization and copolymerization with propylene are performed using rac‐[ethylenebis(indenyl)]zirconium dichloride. The tert‐butoxysilane groups are easily cleaved by acid‐catalyzed processes. The resulting copolymer can be completely crosslinked via the tert‐butoxysilane functionality to obtain insoluble polymeric material and the gel content of the polymers with different silane content is determined. This method allows control of the copolymer composition and thus of the subsequent extent of crosslinking.
Colloid‐Electrospinning: Fabrication of Multicompartment Nanofibers by the Electrospinning of Organic or/and Inorganic Dispersions and Emulsions
Authors: Crespy Daniel , Friedemann Kathrin , Popa Ana‐Maria
Published: November 2012

Solution‐, melt‐, and co‐axial electrospinning are well‐known methods for producing nano‐ and microfibers. The electrospinning of colloids (or colloid‐electrospinning) is a new field that offers the possibility to elaborate multicompartment nanomaterials. However, the presence of colloids in the electrospinning feed further complicates theoretical predictions in a system that is dependent on chemical, physical, and process parameters. Herein, we give a summary of recent important results and discuss the perspectives of electrospinning of colloids for the synthesis and characterization of multicompartment fibers.
An overview of online charging in 3GPP networks: new ways of utilizing user, network, and service‐related information
Authors: Grgic Tomislav , Matijasevic Maja
Published: November 2012

Modern charging systems routinely apply the user, network, and service‐related information while performing online charging. Compared, however, to all the information available to and used in managing the network as a whole, the charging systems only use a limited subset. This work is motivated by the challenge to identify which information is used, and how it is used in online charging‐related processes, and also to explore whether it could be utilized ‘better’ or ‘smarter’ to improve future online charging systems functionality. We do not attempt to predict which information will be utilized in such systems and for what purpose, but instead summarize the open issues in view of the emerging trend of exploiting the user, network and service‐related information in service provisioning. We focus on the most recent 3GPP standards and relevant research papers, and propose three key aspects of online charging, with respect to information utilization: (a) signaling aspect, (b) inter‐domain aspect, and (c) service‐ and component‐based aspect. We present a state‐of‐the‐art review by grouping the works found in the literature based on the aspects they are associated with, and compare them based on the proposed comparison criteria. The discussion presented at the end of the paper indicates three common open issues, namely: (1) lack of common charging information specification and structure; (2) lack of mechanisms for information sharing among stakeholders in the service delivery process; and (3) lack of a common framework for sharing information while protecting user privacy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional Surface Area of the Distal Biceps Enthesis, Relationship to Body Size, Sex, Age and Secular Changes in a 20th Century American Sample
Authors: Nolte M. , Wilczak C.
Published: November 2012

This study quantifies the influence of body size, sex, age and birth year (secular changes) on the 3D rugose surface area of thebiceps brachiiattachment site in a sample of 85 White individuals from the Robert J. Terry Collection. Entheseal surface areas were collected using a NextEngine ™ 3D scanner. Several osteometric measurements of the upper limb were used in the initial analysis to determine which were most suitable for use as a body size proxy. In general, articular dimensions correlate more strongly with biceps entheseal surface area than long bone lengths. The distal articular breadth of the humerus shows the strongest correlation with biceps surface area for men (n = 48,r = 0.504) and women (n = 37,r = 0.646). Men are larger bodied and have larger entheseal surface areas; however, women have larger biceps entheses relative to body size. Although the study sample was limited to individuals between the ages 30 and 49 years, age at death still explains approximately 8% of the variation in enthesis size for women (r = 0.284). Men are unequally distributed by age across birth years, and the results for age and secular change are ambiguous because their effects cannot be separated. Birth year explains about 30% of the variation in female rugose entheseal surface area (r = −0.552). Age and birth year together explain about 34% of the variation in enthesis size for men. Overall, body size is the single most significant variable for both men and women, while the combined effects of age and secular change present a nearly equivalent influence on 3D surface area of thebiceps brachiienthesis in this 20th century American sample. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Egr‐1: new conductor for the tissue repair orchestra directs harmony (regeneration) or cacophony (fibrosis)
Authors: Bhattacharyya Swati , Fang Feng , Tourtellotte Warren , Varga John
Published: November 2012

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are the key effector cells executing physiological tissue repair leading to regeneration on the one hand, and pathological fibrogenesis leading to chronic fibrosing conditions on the other. Recent studies identify the multifunctional transcription factor early growth response‐1(Egr‐1) as an important mediator of fibroblast activation triggered by diverse stimuli. Egr‐1 has potent stimulatory effects on fibrotic gene expression, and aberrant Egr‐1 expression or function is associated with animal models of fibrosis and human fibrotic disorders, including emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and systemic sclerosis. Pharmacological suppression or genetic targeting of Egr‐1 blocks fibrotic responses in vitro and ameliorates experimental fibrosis in the skin and lung. In contrast, Egr‐1 appears to act as a negative regulator of hepatic fibrosis in mouse models, suggesting a context‐dependent role in fibrosis. The Egr‐1‐binding protein Nab2 is an endogenous inhibitor of Egr‐1‐mediated signalling and abrogates the stimulation of fibrotic responses induced by transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ). Moreover, mice deficient in Nab2 show excessive collagen accumulation in the skin. These observations highlight a previously unsuspected fundamental physiological function for the Egr‐1–Nab2 signalling axis in regulating fibrogenesis, and suggest that Egr‐1 may be a potential novel therapeutic target in human diseases complicated by fibrosis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the regulation and complex functional role of Egr‐1 and its related proteins and inhibitors in pathological fibrosis.
Retracted: Effect of surface‐treated TiO2 on non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly trimethylene terephthalate nanocomposites
Authors: Ramesh V. , Panda B.P. , Mohanty Smita , Nayak Sanjay K.
Published: November 2012

The study of the non‐isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/TiO2 nanocomposites using untreated and surface‐treated TiO2 has been carried out with different theoretical models. The PTT/untreated TiO2 and surface‐treated TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared employing batch mixing technique with an aim to investigate the influence of the TiO2 dispersion on the crystallization behavior. The nucleation efficiency of the TiO2 nanoparticles has been demonstrated with the use of Avrami and Jeziorny models. Test results indicated that the PTT matrix with surface‐treated TiO2 particles has higher crystallization temperature and melting point than those with untreated PTT/TiO2 nanocomposites. Unlike untreated TiO2, surface‐treated TiO2 particles also showed less effect on the degree of crystallization of the PTT matrix. The TiO2 nanoparticles act as a nucleating agent in the PTT matrix by reducing the t½ of the crystallization time, thus making it easy to form crystals. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of nanoclay on morphological, thermal, and barrier properties of albumin bovine
Authors: Dash Satyabrata , Kisku Sudhir K. , Swain Sarat K.
Published: November 2012

The bionanocomposite of albumin bovine with nanoclay (albumin/clay) has been successfully prepared by solution technique using CuSO4/glycine chelate complex as the catalyst with various percentage of nanoclay loading. The uniform dispersion of nanoclay with the albumin bovine matrix was achieved by continuous sonication technique. The micro structural interactions of albumin bovine with nanoclay were evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the albumin bovine/clay composites was investigated by X‐ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability of the albumin/clay composites was more than that of the virgin albumin and remarkable increase in thermal property was obtained with increase in clay content. The oxygen barrier property of albumin/clay composites was measured and it was observed that the oxygen permeability was substantially reduced due to increase in nanoclay loading. The biodegradable property of albumin and its composites were measured. It was noticed that the pure albumin was degradable in 5 days whereas the albumin/clay bionanocomposites were stable up to 180 days. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Experimental investigation on the influence of the composition on the morphology and the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Michaeli Walter , Puch Florian
Published: November 2012

Polypropylene composites containing 0–5 wt% layered silicate and 0–30 wt% short glass fibers are prepared by melt compounding. To investigate the influence of different compositions on the mechanical properties of short glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites, materials with various filler contents are prepared. At a glass fiber content of 10 wt% Young's modulus of the layered silicate‐containing composites decreases by around 30% compared to conventional glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene. But at higher glass fiber loadings, an increasing modulus of up to 10% is observed. However, the addition of layered silicate results in large decreases of the tensile and the notched impact strength. A maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene enhances Young's modulus and the tensile strength. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Investigation on β‐polypropylene/PP‐g‐MAH/ surface‐treated calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Duan Jiawei , Dou Qiang
Published: November 2012

β‐Polypropylene composites containing calcium carbonate treated by titanate coupling agent (T‐CaCO3) and maleic anhydride grafted PP (PP‐g‐MAH) were prepared by melt compounding. The crystallization, morphology and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and mechanical tests. It is found that both T‐CaCO3 and NT‐C are able to induce the formation of β‐phase, and NT‐C greatly increases the β content and decreases the spherulitic size of PP. PP‐g‐MAH facilitates the formation of β‐form PP and improves the compatibility between T‐CaCO3 and PP. Izod notched impact strength of β‐PP/T‐CaCO3 composite is higher than that of PP/T‐CaCO3 composite, indicating the synergistic toughening effect of T‐CaCO3 and β‐PP. Incorporation of PP‐g‐MAH into β‐PP/T‐CaCO3 composite further increases the content of β‐crystal PP and improves the impact strength and tensile strength when T‐CaCO3 concentration is below 5 wt%. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of β‐PP composites is well described by Jeziorny's and Mo's methods. It is found that NT‐C and T‐CaCO3 accelerate the crystallization rate of PP but the influence of PP‐g‐MAH on crystallization rate of β‐PP composite is marginal. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and decomposition performance of a polymeric foaming agent containing a sulfonyl hydrazide moiety
Authors: Jeong Jaewook , Kim Taeyoon , Cho Won‐Jei , Chung Ildoo
Published: November 2012

A new monomer, methacryloyloxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (MAOBSH) containing a foamable sulfonyl hydrazide functional group after decomposition by heating, was synthesized from 4,4′‐oxybis(benzenesulfonyl hydrazide) (OBSH) with methacryloyl chloride, and used to obtain poly(MAOBSH) as a polymeric foaming agent (PFA) in dry tetrahydrofuran at 70 °C using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator. The structures of the synthesized MAOBSH and poly(MAOBSH) were identified using Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopies. The decomposition temperature of poly(MAOBSH) was determined to be 245 °C and this temperature was decreased to around 160 °C by adding an activator such as surface‐treated urea to the polymer. The exothermic temperature and heat determined by the decomposition of the polymer were 256 °C and 287 J g−1. The amount of gas evolution for poly(MAOBSH) measured at the decomposition temperature was 74 mL g−1. Furthermore, polymers incorporating the PFA showed better skin and finer cell structure as well as better mechanical properties such as elongation and compression set than polymers with added OBSH due to the better compatibility of the developed PFA with polymers. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Solvation thermodynamics of xylitol in water and in aqueous amino acids at 298.15 K
Authors: Ali Anwar , Bidhuri Priyanka
Published: November 2012

The scaled particle theory has been applied to calculate the free energy, ΔGsolv, enthalpy, ΔHsolv, and entropy, ΔSsolv of solvation for xylitol in water and in aqueous amino acids (glycine, alanine and valine) at 298.15 K. The solvation energy, enthalpy and entropy of xylitol are expressed in terms of their various ingredients. The results show that the interaction terms contribute favorably to the process of solvation. The results suggest that the cavity formation for accommodation of xylitol molecules in aqueous amino acids is an enthalpy‐dominated process. Furthermore, the investigated parameters indicate that xylitol–amino acid interactions follow the sequence: glycine  alanine  valine  water. The findings of the present work may help to throw light on the role that xylitol can play to stabilize macromolecules like proteins in aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐crosslinking borate anions for the production of tough UV‐cured polyelectrolyte surfaces
Authors: Berven Bradley M. , Oviasuyi Richard O. , Klassen Robert J. , Idacavage Mike , Gillies Elizabeth R. , Ragogna Paul J.
Published: November 2012

The first anion with four polymerizable groups has been synthesized and used to produce durable, crosslinked polyelectrolyte (PE) coatings in a single step. Sodium tetrakis(4‐vinylphenyl)borate (NaBSty4) was produced by the reaction of BCl3 and the Grignard of 4‐bromostyrene. The full series of borates NaBPhxSty4−x, x = 1−3, were also synthesized analogously by reaction of the styryl‐Grignard and PhBCl2, Ph2BCl, or Ph3B. Anion exchange of the borates with tributyl 4‐vinylbenzylphosphonium chloride gave a family of organic salts developed for applications in photopolymerized coatings. The percent UV cure of the polymer films was determined by infrared spectroscopy and this relative level of curing was corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The degree of crosslinking imparted to the polymer films by the different monomers has resulted in varied mechanical properties, which were probed by diamond tip scratch tests and nanoindentation. These clearly demonstrated that as the number of polymerizable groups increased, the film hardness increased correspondingly. The final hardness of the films exceeds those of other related systems and identifies styryl borates as viable crosslinking additives in UV curable technologies, especially in the production of durable PE films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Non‐isocyanate synthesis and application of telechelic polyurethanes via polycondensation of diurethanes obtained from ethylene carbonate and diamines
Authors: Ochiai Bungo , Utsuno Tomohisa
Published: November 2012

Aliphatic polyurethanes could be obtained in high yield via a non‐isocyanate method based on the self‐polycondensation of dihydroxyurethanes obtained by the reaction of diamines and ethylene carbonate. The polycondensation under a N2 atmosphere yielded [6,2]polyurethane with a Mn value of 5300 in 87% yield. Two‐step polycondensation, consisting of the polycondensation under a N2 atmosphere followed by that under reduced pressure, was effective to improve the yield and the molecular weight up to 90% and 10,000, respectively. Although the second polycondensation step at 180 °C was accompanied by formation of urea groups, this side reaction was relatively suppressed at 150 °C. The resulting polyurethane having hydroxyl groups at both of the end groups was converted to polyurethane methacrylate via a reaction with glycidyl methacrylate, and the polyurethane methacrylate served as a crosslinker for radical polymerization of methyl acrylate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Acceleration of the imine base/isocyanate (IBI)‐mediated polymerization of MMA caused by ionic liquid traces
Authors: Polenz Ingmar , Georg Schmidt Friedrich , Spange Stefan
Published: November 2012

The brutto rate of the imine base/isocyanate (IBI)‐mediated radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) can be significantly increased by use of ionic liquid (IL) traces. At least, catalytic amounts of IL influence both the value of the brutto polymerization rate νBr,0 and the necessary reaction temperature of the used IBI mixture. Combinations of 2‐phenyl‐2‐oxazoline (POX) or 1‐methyl pyrazole (1MP) with isocyanates are IBI systems that usually do not initiate MMA at room temperature. By adding traces of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([Emim]FAP), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with high average molecular weight can be obtained whereas the initiator mixture (imine base/isocyanate) concentration can be decreased by a factor of 10. The polymerization kinetics of several IBI combinations in the presence of ILs has been determined and a comparison to non‐IL containing initiator mixtures is given. Additionally, the temperature dependence of the IL‐containing polymerizations was measured. The interaction of the IL with MMA and the individual IBI initiator components is studied by means of attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation middle infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT MIR). Furthermore, the IBI brutto polymerization rate constants kBr,0 were brought into relation to the IL hydrogen bond donating ability α. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Cationic polymerization of isobutylene at room temperature
Authors: Kostjuk Sergei V. , Yeong Hui Yee , Voit Brigitte
Published: November 2012

This review highlights recent approaches toward polyisobutylene (PIB) by an energy efficient room temperature cationic polymerization. Special focus is laid on our own work using modified Lewis acids and nitrile‐ligated metal complexes associated with weakly coordinating anions. In both cases, suitable conditions have been found for efficient production of PIB characterized by medium to low molar masses and a high content of exo double bonds as end groups—the typical features of highly reactive PIB, an important commercial intermediate toward oil and gasoline additives. These and other approaches demonstrate that the cationic polymerization of isobutylene is still not fully explored, and new innovative catalyst systems can lead to surprising results of high commercial interest. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Proteome analysis of body fluids for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarker discovery
Authors: Krüger Thomas , Lautenschläger Janin , Grosskreutz Julian , Rhode Heidrun
Published: November 2012

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of motor neurons leading to death of the patients, mostly within 2–5 years after disease onset. The pathomechanism of motor neuron degeneration is only partially understood and therapeutic strategies based on mechanistic insights are largely ineffective. The discovery of reliable biomarkers of disease diagnosis and progression is the sine qua non of both the revelation of insights into the ALS pathomechanism and the assessment of treatment efficacies. Proteomic approaches are an important pillar in ALS biomarker discovery. Cerebrospinal fluid is the most promising body fluid for differential proteome analyses, followed by blood (serum, plasma), and even urine and saliva. The present study provides an overview about reported peptide/protein biomarker candidates that showed significantly altered levels in certain body fluids of ALS patients. These findings have to be discussed according to proposed pathomechanisms to identify modifiers of disease progression and to pave the way for the development of potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, limitations and advantages of proteomic approaches for ALS biomarker discovery in different body fluids and reliable validation of biomarker candidates have been addressed.
Smaller companies struggle with process safety
Authors: Herber John W.
Published: November 2012

The majority of accidents investigated by the US Chemical Safety and Hazards Investigation Board (CSB) occurred at smaller companies. Some of these companies do not fully recognize the hazards of the processes they operate, they are not aware of regulatory requirements, and they do not understand the value of these regulations. While small company accidents lack the visibility of large company accidents, they are devastating to the company, its employees, the community, and its customers.

This article presents a brief review of some CSB investigation reports for small company accidents and summarizes the specific reasons for these accidents. I include specific recommendations for small companies and other recommendations for larger companies, regulators, and industry groups to support smaller companies in their struggle to implement process safety management (PSM). My conclusions and recommendations are based on the lessons learned from the CSB incident reports and my own personal experience that has been focused on helping small companies prevent accidents. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Low temperature diamond growth by linear antenna plasma CVD over large area
Authors: Izak Tibor , Babchenko Oleg , Varga Marian , Potocky Stepan , Kromka Alexander
Published: November 2012

Recently, there is a great effort to increase the deposition area and decrease the process temperature for diamond growth which will enlarge its applications including use of temperature sensitive substrates. In this work, we report on the large area (20 × 30 cm2) and low temperature (250 °C) polycrystalline diamond growth by pulsed linear antenna microwave plasma system. The influence of substrate temperature varied from 250 to 680 °C, as controlled by the table heater and/or by microwave power, is studied. It was found that the growth rate, film morphology and diamond to non‐diamond phases (sp3/sp2 carbon bonds) are influenced by the growth temperature, as confirmed by SEM and Raman measurements. The surface chemistry and growth processes were studied in terms of activation energies (Ea) calculated from Arrhenius plots. The activation energies of growth processes were very low (1.7 and 7.8 kcal mol−1) indicating an energetically favourable growth process from the CO2CH4H2 gas mixture. In addition, from activation energies two different growth regimes were observed at low and high temperatures, indicating different growth mechanism.
Carbon nanobamboo: Junctions between left and right handed single walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Rusznyák Á. , Koltai J. , Zólyomi V. , Kürti J.
Published: November 2012

Heating of organic molecules, for example, fullerenes encapsulated in single walled carbon nanotubes can result in the coalescence of the molecules forming an inner tube. The growth of tubes with different diameters and/or chiralities can start at different places at the same time. The formation of a junction between the two different tubes depends on many parameters. A special case is when the two tubes have the same chiralities, but opposite handedness. We have shown using topological and combinatorial arguments that at least two non‐equivalent junctions can be formed in these cases, with different arrangements of the pentagons and heptagons in the junction. We optimized the geometry using first principles method and investigated the effect of the junction on the electronic density of states of the bamboo‐type nanotube.
The effect of ionizing radiation on the luminescence properties of Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped LaF3 nanoparticles
Authors: Gaedtke Christin , Williams Grant V. M. , Janssens Stefaan , Raymond Sebastiampillai G. , Clarke Dave J.
Published: November 2012

Photoluminescence (PL), PL lifetime, and radioluminescence (RL) measurements were made on LaF3 nanoparticles doped with Eu3+ or Sm3+. The radiative lifetimes decreased with increasing rare earth concentrations, which can be attributed to energy transfer to the surface of the nanoparticles followed by non‐radiative recombination. The RL signal increases with increasing concentration for Eu3+ concentrations up to 20% Eu3+ but it saturates and disappears for >10% Sm3+. A dose‐independent RL was observed up to 10 kGy during continual X‐ray irradiation for Eu3+ and Sm3+ doped nanoparticles, which is advantageous for real time dosimetry applications (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Luminescence and scintillation properties of rare‐earth‐doped BaLu2F8 single crystals grown by the micro‐pulling‐down method
Authors: Pejchal Jan , Fukuda Kentaro , Futami Yoshisuke , Nikl Martin , Kawaguchi Noriaki , Yokota Yuui , Kral Robert , Yoshikawa Akira
Published: November 2012

The BaLu2F8 crystals doped with 1 mol% Tm, Nd and Er were prepared by micro‐pulling‐down method to study their scintillation and luminescence properties. The unwanted phase transition from orthorhombic structure to monoclinic one, which occurs some 50 °C below the melting point, was avoided using Li‐flux. No Li‐containing secondary phase was observed. Radioluminescence measurements of Nd‐doped samples revealed 5d‐4f Nd3+ luminescence situated around 180nm, the intensity of which was comparable with that of the LaF3:Nd 8% reference scintillator sample. Further slight enhancement of the Nd3+ 5d‐4f emission was achieved by Tm3+ co‐doping probably due to energy transfer from the Tm3+ 5d levels to the Nd3+ ones. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deprotonation/protonation‐induced spectral switching of naphthalimide‐coumarin chromophore
Authors: Li Xiaochuan , Zhu Kaijuan , Jiang Wenjuan , Li Yajuan , Kim Hyungjoo , Son Younga
Published: November 2012

In this contribution, a new highly selective colorimetric chemosensors based on naphthalimide and coumarin was synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. In the presence of F‐or OH‐, the sensor change its color from light yellow to deep blue, which can easily be observed by the naked eye. The sensor shows good selectivity against other common anions. The effects of deprotonation/protonation on the absorption characteristics were investigated. The underlying signalling mechanism is photoinduced charge transfer (PCT). The observed effects of deprotonation upon colour were interpreted by the quantum chemical calculations of HOMO/LUMO and energy gap.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence spectra of TlInSe2
Authors: Wakita Kazuki , Araki Yoshito , Asaba Ryo , Shim YongGu , Mamedov Nazim
Published: November 2012

Photoluminescence spectra of TlInSe2 crystals with quasi one‐dimensional structure have been investigated. The observed broad spectra have been found to result from overlapping of two peaks centered at 1.05 and 0.97 eV. Following the results of the examination of the excitation intensity dependence of the observed photoluminescence, the last peaks have been attributed to free‐to‐bound radiative transitions. The activation energy of donor or acceptor levels associated with these emissions has been tentatively evaluated. Furthermore, two sharp peaks located at 1.17 and 1.23 eV have been observed at 10 K in the excitation spectra of the observed photoluminescence (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pyridine adsorption on small Nin‐cluster (n = 2,3,4): A study of geometry and electronic structure
Authors: Ghatee Mohammad Hadi , Pakdel Leila
Published: November 2012

Adsorption of pyridine on Nin‐clusters (with n = 2,3,4) is studied by quantum chemical calculations at B3LYP/LANL2DZ and B3LYP/6‐311G** levels. First, Nin‐clusters are investigated for accessible structure and electronic states. The lowest electronic state with four unpaired electrons is predicted for Ni4‐cluster based on geometry and electronic structure, showing that the cluster stability nicely depends on number of unpaired electrons. Correction for basis set superposition error of metal‐metal bond is appreciable and has increasing effect on cluster binding energy. Next, adsorption of pyridine in planar and vertical adsorption modes is investigated on rhombus Ni4‐cluster. The vertical mode is found (at B3LYP/6‐311G** level) as the most favorable adsorption mode. Adsorption energy (ΔEads) depends on cluster size; adsorption on Ni4‐cluster is most favorable with ΔEads = −207.33 kJ/mol. The natural bond orbital analysis reveals the charge transfer in adsorbate/metal‐cluster. Results of investigations for the Ni2‐ and Ni3‐cluster are also presented. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CASOS: a subspace method for anomaly detection in high dimensional astronomical databases
Authors: Henrion Marc , Hand David J. , Gandy Axel , Mortlock Daniel J.
Published: November 2012

We develop a novel algorithm for detecting anomalies. Our method has been developed to suit the challenging task of detecting anomalous sources in cross‐matched astronomical survey data. Our algorithm computes anomaly scores in lower‐dimensional subspaces of the data. By subspaces we mean, in this work, subsets of the original data variables. Our technique presents several advantages over existing methods: it can work directly on data with missing values; it addresses some of the problems posed by high‐dimensional data spaces; it is less susceptible to a masking effect from irrelevant features; it can be easily adapted to suit specific needs and it allows an easier interpretation of why a given object has a high combined anomaly score. One drawback of our method is that it cannot detect outliers that are only apparent in high‐dimensional spaces. Anomaly scores are computed using a nearest neighbor (NN) technique, but the algorithm works with any other method computing numerical anomaly scores. We demonstrate the properties of our algorithm and evaluate its performance on both simulated and real datasets. We show that it is capable of outperforming state‐of‐the‐art, full‐dimensional approaches in some situations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 53–72, 2013
The sine-Gordon model with integrable defects revisited
Authors: Avan Jean , Doikou Anastasia
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Application of our algebraic approach to Liouville integrable defects is proposed for the sine-Gordon model. Integrability of the model is ensured by the underlying classical r-matrix algebra. The first local integrals of motion are identified together with the corresponding Lax pairs. Continuity conditions imposed on the time components of the entailed Lax pairs give rise to the sewing conditions on the defect point consistent with Liouville integrability.
Linking life history traits to pollinator loss in fragmented calcareous grasslands
Authors: Jauker Birgit , Krauss Jochen , Jauker Frank , Steffan-Dewenter Ingolf
Published: November 2012

To gain insight into the drivers of pollinator loss, a holistic approach to land-use change including habitat size, isolation, habitat quality and the surrounding landscape matrix is necessary. Moreover, species’ responses to land-use change may differ depending on their life history traits such as dispersal ability, trophic level, or sociality. We assessed species richness and life history traits of wild bees in 32 calcareous grasslands in central Germany that differ in size, connectivity, resource availability and landscape context. Declining habitat area and, to a lesser degree, reduced diversity of the surrounding landscape were the key factors negatively influencing species richness. In the community-wide analysis, small body size and solitary reproduction were traits that made species particularly vulnerable to habitat loss. Contrary to our expectations, cleptoparasitic species were not more affected by reduced habitat area and landscape diversity than nest-building species. We performed further detailed trait analyses within the family Halictidae to prevent possible confounding effects due to trait correlations across families. Here, social as opposed to solitary species were more affected by habitat loss. We conclude that the opposite pattern observed for all social bees was mainly caused by large-sized social bumblebee species with high mobility and large foraging distances. Our results demonstrate the risks of concealed trait interference when analyzing community-wide patterns of life history traits. As a consequence, conservation requirements of small social bee species might be overlooked by generalizations from community responses.
CLA Reduces Inflammatory Mediators from A427 Human Lung Cancer Cells and A427 Conditioned Medium Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 Murine Muscle Cells
Authors: Oraldi Manuela , Maggiora Marina , Paiuzzi Elena , Canuto Rosa A. , Muzio Giuliana
Published: November 2012

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is thought to have anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory properties, but its effect on cancer cachexia is unknown. Two effects were here investigated: that of CLA on inflammatory mediator production in human lung cancer cells, and that of reduced mediators on the myogenic differentiation of murine muscle C2C12 cells. The latter cells were grown in medium conditioned by human lung cancer A427 cells, with or without CLA, to mimic only the effect of molecules released from the tumor “in vivo”, excluding the effect of host‐produced cachectic factors. The results obtained show that CLA was found to reduce the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), but had no effect on IL‐6 production. The mechanisms underlying the effect of CLA on cytokine or PGE2 release in A427 cells are probably mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)α, which increased at 24 h CLA treatment. In turn, the reduced content of inflammatory mediators in medium conditioned by A427 cells, in the presence of CLA, allowed muscle cells to proliferate, again by inducing PPAR. The involvement of PPARα was demonstrated by treatment with the antagonist MK‐886. The findings demonstrate the anti‐inflammatory and myogenic action of CLA and point to its possible application as a novel dietary supplement and therapeutic agent in inflammatory disease states, such as cachexia.
Outreach and support in South London (OASIS), 2001–2011: Ten years of early diagnosis and treatment for young individuals at high clinical risk for psychosis
Authors: Fusar-Poli P. , Byrne M. , Badger S. , Valmaggia L.R. , McGuire P.K.
Published: November 2012

Introduction:

Prevention of psychosis has become a major objective of modern clinical psychiatry. An increasing number of new services have been established in Europe and in the world. The OASIS team has become an established model where clinical practice and research are fully integrated in the field of preventative interventions in psychosis.

Method:

Comprehensive analysis of different clinical and service measures describing the 2001–2011 implementation of the OASIS team.

Results:

Over the last decade, the OASIS team has received a total of 1102 referrals, mostly young males from ethnic minorities. After the assessment, 35% were diagnosed with an At Risk Mental State (ARMS) while 32% were already psychotic. Within the ARMS, 70% met the inclusion criteria for the attenuated psychotic symptoms subgroup, 1% met the inclusion criteria for the genetic deterioration syndrome, 9% met inclusion criteria for a brief and self-limited intermittent psychotic episode and the others met inclusion criteria for more than one subgroup. Most of them had at least one comorbid diagnosis, mainly relating to anxiety and depressive domains. The majority of the OASIS clients received cognitive behavioural therapy alone or in combination with antidepressants/antipsychotics. Over the 2-year follow-up time, 44 subjects (15.2%) developed a frank psychotic episode.

Conclusions:

The OASIS service represents one of the largest and most established prodromal services in the world. The burden of research evidence and the translational impact produced on the clinical practice support the OASIS as a model for the development of similar services.
GesinE – ein Beitrag zur Gesundheitsberufsbildungsforschung in Europa
Authors: Selinger Yvonne , Ayerle Gertrud , Landenberger Margarete , Behrens Johann
Published: November 2012

Einleitung

In Deutschland werden, anders als in den meisten europäischen Ländern, Abschlüsse in den Gesundheitsfachberufen bisher fast ausschließlich im sekundären und nicht im tertiären Bildungssektor erworben. Allein von der Verortung der Ausbildungen kann dabei nicht auf die Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen der Absolventen geschlossen werden. Hier sind Untersuchungen angezeigt, die den Zusammenhang zwischen den in verschiedenen Systemen erworbenen Abschlüssen und deren Nützlichkeit („Verwertbarkeit“) untersuchen.
AAL verändert Berufsfelder – spezifische Anforderungen an eine akademische Ausbildung
Authors: Erkens Elmar
Published: November 2012

Einleitung

Der Artikel leitet vor dem Hintergrund des wachsenden Bedarfs an Angeboten im Rahmen des Ambient Assisted Livings (AAL) u.a. für die häusliche Umgebung sowie der Notwendigkeit zur Integration sich überschneidender Gewerke die Sinnhaftigkeit eines akademischen Studiums mit Querschnittkompetenzen aus verschieden Fachdisziplinen ab.
Hochschulische Qualifikationen für das Gesundheitswesen – Reaktionen auf die Empfehlungen des Wissenschaftsrates
Authors: Räbiger Jutta
Published: November 2012

Einleitung

Der Wissenschaftsrat hat sich in seinen, Empfehlungen zu hochschulischen Qualifikationen für das Gesundheitswesen‘ vom 13.7.2012 für die (Teil-) Akademisierung der Gesundheitsfachberufe, insb. der Pflege, Physiotherapie, Ergotherapie, Logopädie und Hebammenwesen, ausgesprochen und den weiteren Ausbau der berufsqualifizierenden Studiengänge gefordert. Von diversen Verbänden und Gruppierungen liegen Stellungnahmen zu diesen Empfehlungen vor. Im Beitrag wird insbesondere auf Standpunkte von Verbänden und Kollegen aus den Pflege- und Therapiewissenschaften eingegangen.
Surgical Cricothyrotomy in the Wilderness: A Case Report
Authors: Wharton David R. , Bennett Brad L.
Published: November 2012

Although the surgical cricothyrotomy procedure is used on combat casualties in the most challenging environments, we are unaware of any published report in the United States of surgical cricothyrotomy performed in a wilderness recreational setting. We describe a 31-year-old male rock climber who fell 24.4 m (80 feet), sustaining serious injuries and requiring rescue from the base of the cliff by a cave/cliff rescue team. Ultimately, a surgical cricothyrotomy proved necessary because of ongoing oropharyngeal bleeding, facial fractures creating an unstable airway, and the need to place the patient in the litter. The patient survived a prolonged and arduous evacuation. This report presents the management of the patient during the rescue and the challenges faced by the rescue team physician and others that led to the decision to perform an improvised surgical cricothyrotomy.
Electron spin resonance optical dating of marine, estuarine, and aeolian sediments in Florida, USA
Authors: Burdette Kevin E. , Rink William J. , Mallinson David J. , Means Guy H. , Parham Peter R.
Published: November 2012

For the first time, electron spin resonance optical dating (ESROD) has been conducted on littorally transported and aeolian siliciclastic sediments in Florida. ESROD utilizes light-sensitive radiation-sensitive defects at silicon sites that have been replaced by aluminum and titanium atoms to give rise to a time-dependant signal. These defects saturate at higher levels of radiation dose, compared to optically stimulated luminescence, and therefore extend the optical dating range back into the millions of years. Our results show that the Trail Ridge Sequence is a multi-depositional unit that began deposition around 2.2 Ma and continued until 6 ka. The Osceola Cape, of the Effingham Sequence, was deposited around 1.5 Ma, and the Chatham Sequence was a multi-depositional terrace with at least three events preserved.
Complex Couples: Multi‐Theoretical Couples Counselling with Traumatised Adults Who have a History of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Zala Sheri
Published: November 2012

One of the major ways child sexual abuse can have an impact on individuals is in their later ability to have and maintain fulfilling couple relationships. Survivors may experience avoidance behaviours that become problematic in their adult intimate relationships. If couple therapists fail to focus on these traumatic imprints, the therapy may founder. This paper proposes that a multi‐theoretical approach enables the couple therapist to deal with the complex problems such couples present including sexuality and intimacy concerns. Such an approach integrates trauma theory, attachment theory, feminist principles, body‐oriented psychotherapy, and systemic couple therapy.
Editorial
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer
Published: November 2012

As we rapidly approach the end of another year, and think about Christmas and being with family members, we often remember the people and events that have had an impact on our development. One of the things that I remember most strongly is the routine established in our household which entailed an early start in the morning to practise music. I played the piano and my brother the violin. With our mother a professional musician, learning to play an instrument was an imperative and practice likewise. For us this meant rising by 6 each morning and doing an hour of practice before a quick breakfast and the usual rush to be ready for school. One of the enduring impacts for me has been the impossibility of sleeping in beyond about 7.30am, but there are others of much greater importance. I will refer to these as this editorial unfolds. The topic, as you might have guessed, is music and arts for children and young people.
An Abominable Crime: Filicide in the Context of Parental Separation and Divorce
Authors: Brown Thea , Tyson Danielle
Published: November 2012

The victims of filicide in the context of parental separation and divorce have recently been identified as the largest group among all filicide victims in Australia. Nevertheless, research into this group of victims has been sparse, fragmentary and contradictory, with the consequence that confusion has prevailed. This article critically reflects on the existing research on filicide and argues that it has been insufficiently comprehensive and reliable and, therefore, is not suitable for use as a knowledge base for professional individuals, programmatic and policy interventions, and prevention. The article suggests ways of developing more reliable research for knowledge building and details the data developed so far that underpins their recommendations for a national programme of research.
Population structure of harbour porpoises in the Baltic region: evidence of separation based on geometric morphometric comparisons
Authors: Galatius Anders , Kinze Carl Christian , Teilmann Jonas
Published: November 2012

The harbour porpoise is seriously depleted and threatened with extinction in the Baltic Sea. It is usually assumed that Baltic porpoises form a separate population unit, although the evidence for this has been disputed lately. Here, a 3-D geometric morphometric approach was employed to test a number of hypotheses regarding population structure of the harbour porpoise in the Baltic region. 277 porpoise skulls from Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Germany and Poland were measured with a suite of 3-D landmarks. Statistical analyses revealed highly significant shape differences between porpoises from the North Sea, Belt Sea and the inner Baltic Sea. A comparison of the directionalities of the shape vectors between these units found differences that cannot be attributed to a general, continual shape trend going from the North Sea to the inner Baltic Sea. These vectors indicate a morphological adaptation to the specific sub-areas. Such adaptation may be the result of the topographic peculiarities of the area with variable topography and shallow waters,e.g.in the Belt Sea porpoises, there may be a greater reliance on benthic and demersal prey. The present results show that isolation by distance alone is an unlikely explanation for the differences found within the Baltic region and thus support previously reported molecular indications of a separate population within the inner Baltic Sea.
Cholera, Public Health, and the Politics of Water in Republican Guangzhou
Authors: POON SHUK-WAH
Published: November 2012

Along with the establishment of the Department of Public Health in 1912, the implementation of public health policies became an integral part of city management in Republican Guangzhou. Yet the cholera outbreak of 1932 fully exposed the weaknesses of the medical and sanitary infrastructure of the city. Due to the Guangzhou government's inaction, the Fangbian Hospital, a local charitable hall founded in response to the bubonic plague of the 1890s, involuntarily took over the major responsibility for providing medical services for cholera patients in the early stage of the epidemic. Only after the death of hundreds of patients and Guangzhou being described as a ‘world of horror’ in the local press did the government-run hospital start to take a more active role. Epidemics have always served as catalysts for change in public health perceptions and practices. This paper attempts to explain how the cholera epidemic of 1932 changed the role of public health in the urban administration of the city. Emphasis is placed on analysing how the people of Guangzhou began to fight for a supply of clean drinking water once they came to realize the link between water and the spread of the fatal cholera epidemic in 1932. Clean water, which used to be seen as a commodity enjoyed by the privileged few, was now increasingly regarded as a citizen's right.