bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectrum and Degree of CDK Drug Interactions Predicts Clinical Performance
Authors: Chen Ping , Lee Nathan V. , Hu Wenyue , Xu Meirong , Ferre Rose Ann , Lam Hieu , Bergqvist Simon , Solowiej James , Diehl Wade , He You-Ai , Yu Xiu , Nagata Asako , VanArsdale Todd , Murray Brion W.
Published: August 2016

Therapeutically targeting aberrant intracellular kinase signaling is attractive from a biological perspective but drug development is often hindered by toxicities and inadequate efficacy. Predicting drug behaviors using cellular and animal models is confounded by redundant kinase activities, a lack of unique substrates, and cell-specific signaling networks. Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) drugs exemplify this phenomenon because they are reported to target common processes yet have distinct clinical activities. Tumor cell studies of ATP-competitive CDK drugs (dinaciclib, AG-024322, abemaciclib, palbociclib, ribociclib) indicate similar pharmacology while analyses in untransformed cells illuminates significant differences. To resolve this apparent disconnect, drug behaviors are described at the molecular level. Nonkinase binding studies and kinome interaction analysis (recombinant and endogenous kinases) reveal that proteins outside of the CDK family appear to have little role in dinaciclib/palbociclib/ribociclib pharmacology, may contribute for abemaciclib, and confounds AG-024322 analysis. CDK2 and CDK6 cocrystal structures with the drugs identify the molecular interactions responsible for potency and kinase selectivity. Efficient drug binding to the unique hinge architecture of CDKs enables selectivity toward most of the human kinome. Selectivity between CDK family members is achieved through interactions with nonconserved elements of the ATP-binding pocket. Integrating clinical drug exposures into the analysis predicts that both palbociclib and ribociclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors, abemaciclib inhibits CDK4/6/9, and dinaciclib is a broad-spectrum CDK inhibitor (CDK2/3/4/6/9). Understanding the molecular components of potency and selectivity also facilitates rational design of future generations of kinase-directed drugs. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2273–81. ©2016 AACR.
Echocardiographic Predictors of Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Konety Suma H. , Koene Ryan J. , Norby Faye L. , Wilsdon Tony , Alonso Alvaro , Siscovick David , Sotoodehnia Nona , Gottdiener John , Fox Ervin R. , Chen Lin Y. , Adabag Selcuk , Folsom Aaron R.
Published: August 2016

Background—

This study assessed the echocardiographic predictors of sudden cardiac death (SCD) within 2 population-based cohorts.

Methods and Results—

Echocardiograms were obtained on 2383 participants (1993–1995) from the ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities; 100% black) and 5366 participants (1987–1989 and 1994–1995) from the CHS (Cardiovascular Health Study). The main outcome was physician-adjudicated SCD. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with incident coronary heart disease and heart failure as time-dependent covariates to assess the association between echocardiographic variables and SCD, adjusting for Framingham risk score variables, coronary heart disease, and renal function. Cohort-specific results were meta-analyzed. During a median follow-up of 7.3 and 13.1 years, 44 ARIC study participants and 275 CHS participants had SCD, respectively. In the meta-analyzed results, the adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for predictors of SCD were 3.07 (2.29–4.11) for reduced left ventricular ejection fraction; 1.85 (1.36–2.52) for mitral annular calcification; 1.64 (1.07–2.51) for mitral E/A >1.5, and 1.52 (1.14–2.02) for mitral E/A <0.7 (versus mitral E/A 0.7–1.5); 1.30 (1.15–1.48) per 1 SD increase in left ventricular mass; and 1.15 (1.02–1.30) per 1 SD increase in left atrial diameter. A receiver-operating characteristic model for prediction of SCD using Framingham risk score variables had a C statistic of 0.61 for ARIC study and 0.67 for CHS; the full multivariable model including all echocardiographic variables had a C statistic of 0.76 for ARIC study and 0.74 for CHS.

Conclusions—

In addition to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, we identified other echocardiographic-derived variables predictive for SCD that provided incremental value compared with clinical risk factors.
Long-Term Outcomes of the Ross Procedure Versus Mechanical Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Mazine Amine , David Tirone E. , Rao Vivek , Hickey Edward J. , Christie Shakira , Manlhiot Cedric , Ouzounian Maral
Published: August 2016

Background:

The ideal aortic valve substitute in young and middle-aged adults remains unknown. We sought to compare the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing the Ross procedure and those receiving a mechanical aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods:

From 1990 to 2014, 258 patients underwent a Ross procedure and 1444 had a mechanical AVR at a single institution. Patients were matched into 208 pairs through the use of a propensity score. Mean age was 37.2±10.2 years, and 63% were male. Mean follow-up was 14.2±6.5 years.

Results:

Overall survival was equivalent (Ross versus AVR: hazard ratio, 0.91, 95% confidence interval, 0.38–2.16;
P
=0.83), although freedom from cardiac- and valve-related mortality was improved in the Ross group (Ross versus AVR: hazard ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.034–0.86;
P
=0.03). Freedom from reintervention was equivalent after both procedures (Ross versus AVR: hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–4.94;
P
=0.18). Long-term freedom from stroke or major bleeding was superior after the Ross procedure (Ross versus AVR: hazard ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–0.31;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:

Long-term survival and freedom from reintervention were comparable between the Ross procedure and mechanical AVR. However, the Ross procedure was associated with improved freedom from cardiac- and valve-related mortality and a significant reduction in the incidence of stroke and major bleeding. In specialized centers, the Ross procedure represents an excellent option and should be considered for young and middle-aged adults undergoing AVR.
The Way of the Dissenter: Scientist-Entrepreneurs in Akademgorodok in 1992–2012
Authors: Artyushina Anna
Published: August 2016

Constructed in the 1960s in a wooded area 30 kilometers outside Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok was created as a landmark of Soviet science and industry. The extensive and sparsely populated area in Siberia contained academic institutions and research-and-development facilities that worked on technologies for both civilian and military purposes. The present research addresses the period when Akademgorodok lost its status as a major hub. This study focuses on the cultural and professional transitions of the former Soviet scientists seeking to adapt to a new political, economic, and cultural context.
The Figure of the Translator
Authors: Bassnett Susan
Published: August 2016

This paper, originally given as a lecture at the IWL, considers the fundamental importance of translation in the movement of texts across cultures and questions why it has taken so long for literary criticism to recognise this, despite the growing international interest in translation in the twenty-first century. Through a range of examples, the paper makes the case for translation as a vital force in intercultural communication and as a shaping force in literary history.
Brazilian Transcreation and World Literature
Authors: Gómez Isabel
Published: August 2016

How does one translate an avant-garde classic? How might a translation mediate between experimentalism and canonicity as a work travels away from its culture of origin? This article studies Héctor Olea’s Spanish translation of Mário de Andrade’s Macunaíma (1928) as one response to these questions from a Latin American translation zone. First translated for the Barcelona publishing house Seix Barral (1977), his work soon traveled back across the Atlantic to be re-edited into a critical edition for Biblioteca Ayacucho (1979). This article examines letters from the publisher’s archive to demonstrate that debates over the novel as avant-garde art, literary ethnography, or Brazilian national allegory influenced their views on translation. By including two incompatible translation approaches—transcreation and thick translation—the volume reveals an unresolved paradoxical treatment of cultural hybridity at the heart of the text.
Translation, Race, and Ideology in Oriki Orixá
Authors: Fleck Jonathan
Published: August 2016

In the midst of an influential career writing on Brazilian cultural production, the sociologist-turned-political marketer Antonio Risério publishes Oriki Orixá, a book of Portuguese re-translations of Yoruba oriki poetry (1996, reprinted 2013). Understanding translation as a partial and ideologically-motivated act of representation, the current article situates Oriki Orixá within an ideology of race in Brazil. I take into account textual and paratextual materials including the book’s introduction by Augusto de Campos; the editorial promotion of the work; its circulation within a literary network; and the highly mediated histories of the source poems. Oriki Orixá simultaneously promises a universal poetic “invention” and an ethnographic “recuperation” of a foreign text. Ultimately, the white author frames his translation as an affective encounter with an African literary tradition. This encounter participates in—and reinforces—a discourse of racial exceptionalism in which an abstract celebration of African-European contact occludes continuing histories of domination and inequality.
A Thousand and One Rewrites
Authors: Bahrawi Nazry
Published: August 2016

Taking its cue from the “cultural turn” move in Translation Studies, this essay argues that modern reimaginings of The Arabian Nights can be seen as attempts at making this classical work relevant to modern sensibilities and aesthetic forms. It will juxtapose the normative versions of the Nights to Edgar Allan Poe’s The Thousand-and-Second Tale of Scheherazade (1845) in light of scientism, Naguib Mahfouz’s Arabian Nights and Days (1979) from the perspective of political agency, as well as Hanan Al-Shaykh’s One Thousand and One Nights (2011) by way of feminism and human rights. This essay posits that the malleability of the Nights to modernist ideas and forms entrenches its stature as an exemplary work of world literature. Lastly and relatedly, this essay will also revisit Lefevere and Bassnett’s “rewriting” theory to explore its potential contribution to the nascent discipline of world literature in light of Zhang Longxi’s arguments on cross-cultural translatability.
The Cultural Cold War and the Circulation of World Literature
Authors: Haddadian-Moghaddam Esmaeil
Published: August 2016

Historians of the Cold War are often quick to dismiss the role of books and translation programs of the era as propaganda. To contest this, we combine insights from cultural Cold War studies, Translation Studies and World Literature, illustrating the circulation of books and world literature through a Cold War book program. Documentary evidence from the Franklin Book Programs indicate that although Franklin men were engaged in a soft mode of promoting American culture and values, they were not simply Cold War warriors nor was the program a pure propaganda project. The complexity of obtaining and negotiating copyright, the various roles of the local Franklin men and the program’s impact on translation and on publishing contest a propagandist reading. Interdisciplinary research on the impact and legacy of the Franklin Book Programs in a non-aligned context can contribute to a better understanding of the global patterns of the circulation of world literature in their local manifestations.
Translating Nabokov
Authors: Baicoianu Anca
Published: August 2016

In 2008, the Romanian publishing house Polirom issued the first books in the newly established “Vladimir Nabokov author series.” During the next seven years, seventeen more titles have been added to the series, thus turning it into one of the most daring, costly and time-consuming local projects in the field of foreign literature in translation. Written from the perspective of a scholar, an editor and a translator, this article aims at retracing the history of the project against the background of earlier translations. Special emphasis will be placed on the changes in Nabokov’s reception due to the receiving culture’s specific circumstances at different moments in time, as well as on what those changes reveal about the Romanian engagement with world literature.
Nations in the bubble of social reality: language and all that
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz
Published: August 2016

Nations in the bubble of social reality: language and all that In the last century and a half scholars from different disciplines began to distinguish between material reality (the universe), the biosphere, and social reality (the semiosphere), as three important heuristic categories. In the latter half of the 20th century, the philosophers John L. Austin and John Searle proposed that language and its use enable humans to generate social reality. They also analyzed the mechanisms of the process. From another perspective, the evolutionary anthropologist Robin Dunbar offered an explanation of how language was selected in the process of human evolution, and argued that its primary function is group-building, that is, the generation of social cohesion. Drawing on these insights, the article proposes that the dilemma of whether nations exist objectively or are subjective entities can be resolved by analyzing this problem in the light of Searle’s distinction between ontological objectivity / subjectivity and epistemic objectivity / subjectivity. Narody w koronie rzeczywistości społecznej widziane z perspektywy językaOd półtora stulecia badacze z zakresu różnych dyscyplin zaczęli wyraźnie rozróżniać pomiędzy rzeczywistością materialną (tj. wszechświatem, ogółem bytów materialnych), biosferą oraz rzeczywistością społeczną (semiosferą), jako powiązanymi ze sobą trzema kategoriami analizy heurystycznej. W drugiej połowie XX stulecia filozofowie języka John L. Austin i John Searle dali tezę, iż to język oraz jego użycie pozwala ludziom generować rzeczywistość społeczną. Obydwaj również badali mechanizmy rządzące tym procesem generacji. Z kolei psycholog ewolucyjny Robin Dunbar przedstawił model wyjaśniający, jak język (tzn. biologiczna zdolność językowa) został wyselekcjonowany w procesie ewolucji. Na tej podstawie postawił on tezę, iż prymarną funkcją języka jest umożliwianie budowania grup ludzkich, czyli innymi słowy, generowanie potrzebnej ku temu spójności społecznej. Korzystając z powyżej wymienionych ustaleń, artykuł proponuje nowe podejście do szeroko dyskutowanej kwestii czy narody istnieją obiektywnie lub są subiektywnymi bytami, analizując to zagadnienie w świetle zaproponowanego przez J. Searle’a rozróżnienia pomiędzy ontyczną obiektywnością/subiektywnością a epistemiczną obiektywnością/subiektywnością.
The Princip cult and what it evokes in Hungary
Authors: Weaver Eric Beckett
Published: August 2016

The Princip cult and what it evokes in HungaryOn the 28th of June, 1914, a consumptive student, Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed prince Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The prince’s wife Sofia was also killed by a stray bullet. In the century that has passed since the assassination, the memory of Princip and the cult constructed around him has been distorted beyond recognition. As local and international politics were altered, so changed Princip’s image. The memory of Princip now evokes strong reactions not only in the South Slav lands, but in Hungary as well. In what follows, we will examine possible sources for the strong reactions evoked by Princip’s memory among Hungarians a century after his act. Kult Principa i co on ewokuje na WęgrzechW dniu 28 czerwca 1914 roku chory na gruźlicę student Gavrilo Princip zastrzelił księcia Franciszka Ferdynanda, następcę tronu monarchii austro-węgierskiej. Od zbłąkanej kuli zginęła także żona księcia, Zofia. W okresie stulecia, które minęło od tego zabójstwa, pamięć o Principie i kult zbudowany wokół niego przeobraziły się diametralnie. Wraz z przemianami polityki lokalnej i międzynarodowej zmieniało się także postrzeganie Principa. Obecnie pamięć o Principie wywołuje silne reakcje nie tylko na ziemiach południowosłowiańskich, ale również na Węgrzech. Autor artykułu docieka, skąd mogą wypływać silne reakcje, jakie pamięć Principa wywołuje u Węgrów sto lat po jego czynie.
No Austrians in South Tyrol? Why the German-speaking community in Italy’s South Tyrol (Alto Adige) province is not usually called an Austrian minority
Authors: Volkmer Michael Julian Emanuel
Published: August 2016

No Austrians in South Tyrol? Why the German-speaking community in Italy’s South Tyrol (Alto Adige) province is not usually called an Austrian minorityThe article discusses the question why the German-speakers in Northern Italy’s South Tyrol province are only very rarely referred to as an Austrian minority, in spite of the fact that they were split off from Austria, and not Germany, in the aftermath of World War I. An analysis of the naming of German-speaking South Tyroleans in German, Austrian, Italian and English-speaking news media, which demonstrates a preference for terms such as “German-speaking minority” or “German minority” over “Austrian minority and equivalents, is followed by a discussion of three hypotheses to account for the situation. The author shows how the question of how to name the German-speaking South Tyroleans is closely intertwined with the issue of Austrian national identity and its re-orientation away from Germany in the aftermath of the Second World War. The author comes to the conclusion that the minority is not usually referred to as Austrian both due to the fact that it is difficult to include them in the young (civic) Austrian nation in a logically consistent manner, and due to the German-speaking South Tyroleans’ own inconsistent self-identification as Austrians. Nie ma Austriaków w Tyrolu Południowym? Dlaczego niemieckojęzyczna wspólnota we włoskiej prowincji Tyrol Południowy (Alto Adige) zwykle nie jest nazywana mniejszością austriackąArtykuł podejmuje kwestię, dlaczego niemieckojęzyczna ludność północnowłoskiej prowincji Tyrol Południowy rzadko bywa nazywana mniejszością austriacką, pomimo tego że w efekcie I wojny światowej odłączona została ona od Austrii, a nie od Niemiec. Analiza nazewnictwa odnoszonego do niemieckojęzycznej ludności Tyrolu Południowego, które występuje w informacyjnych środkach przekazu: niemiecko-, austriacko-, włosko- i anglojęzycznych pozwala stwierdzić, że preferowane są określenia takie jak „mniejszość niemieckojęzyczna” lub „mniejszość niemiecka”, zamiast „mniejszość austriacka” i terminy ekwiwalentne. Następnie omówione został trzy hipotezy mogące wyjaśnić tę sytuację. Autor ukazuje, jak ściśle współzależą od siebie kwestia nazewnictwa niemieckojęzycznej ludności Tyrolu Południowego i kwestia austriackiej tożsamości narodowej oraz jej odchodzenia od Niemiec w następstwie II wojny światowej. Autor dochodzi do wniosku, że omawiana tu mniejszość zwykle nie jest uznawana za austriacką zarówno z tego powodu, iż trudno jest umiejscowić ją w młodym (obywatelskim) narodzie austriackim w sposób logicznie konsekwentny, jak i z racji własnej niekonsekwentnej samoidentyfikacji niemieckojęzycznych Tyrolczyków Południowych jako Austriacy.
Między patriotyzmem i nacjonalizmem na tle popnacjonalizmu w muzyce rockowej
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Michał Maurycy
Published: August 2016

Between patriotism and nationalism: pop-nationalism in rock musicThis article addresses issues which can be seen in the manifestation of ethno-nationalism in rock music. Concepts of nationalism and patriotism are illustrated by references to the literature on the subject. Polish national ideology is formed, for example, on a pragmatic concept of nationalism. A new direction in this work is an examination of pop-nationalism of rock music on the example of the Polish band “Horytnica”. Między patriotyzmem i nacjonalizmem na tle popnacjonalizmu w muzyce rockowejW artykule zajmuję się problematyką popnacjonalizmu przejawiającą się w muzyce rockowej. Ze względu na złożoność pojęć nacjonalizmu i patriotyzmu przytaczam interesujące nas tu opinie na ten temat w literaturze przedmiotu. Pojęcie nacjonalizmu ustalam pragmatycznie na przykładzie deklaracji ideowych polskich organizacji narodowych. Novum w niniejszej pracy stanowi problem popnacjonalizmu w muzyce rockowej, przedstawiony na przykładzie twórczości zespołu „Horytnica”, odwołującej się do wspomnianych idei.
Wielokulturowość: lekcje przeszłości
Authors: Surman Jan
Published: August 2016

Multiculturalism: lessons from the pastReview: Understanding Multiculturalism. The Habsburg Central European Experience, ed. Johannes Feichtinger, Gary B. Cohen, Berghahn, Oxford–New York, 2014 (Austrian and Habsburg Studies 17), pp. 246While recently the concept of multiculturalism has been an object of strong criticism from the political side, the book under review takes another turn scrutinizing and historicizing it. Looking at Central Europe through the lenses of nonessentialism, postcolonialism or national indifference, multiple authors propose not only new ways of reading the history of the region, but also of establishing categories for the future research in historical cultural studies. Wielokulturowość: lekcje przeszłościRecenzja: Understanding Multiculturalism. The Habsburg Central European Experience, red. Johannes Feichtinger, Gary B. Cohen, Berghahn, Oxford–New York, 2014 (Austrian and Habsburg Studies 17), ss. 246.Podczas gdy koncept wielokulturowości był w ostatnim czasie obiektem mocnej krytyki, szczególnie ze strony polityki, recenzowana książka obiera inną pozycję, analizując i historyzując go. Spoglądając na Europe Środkową z użyciem nieesecjalizujących czy postkolonialnych koncepcji, autorzy proponują nie tylko nowe sposoby odczytania historii regionu, lecz także nowe kategorie dla przyszłych badań historii kulturowej.
Association of serum chemerin concentrations with the presence of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Zhang Guowei , Xiao Mochao , Zhang Lili , Zhao Yue , Yang Qinghui
Published: August 2016

Objective

Chemerin, a newly discovered adipokine, is correlated with hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of serum chemerin concentrations with the presence of atrial fibrillation.

Methods

Serum chemerin concentrations were determined in 256 patients with atrial fibrillation and 146 healthy subjects. Atrial fibrillation patients were then divided into paroxysmal, persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation.

Results

Serum chemerin concentrations were significantly higher in atrial fibrillation patients compared with healthy controls. In subgroup studies, patients with permanent atrial fibrillation had higher serum chemerin concentrations than those with persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, significant higher serum chemerin concentrations were observed in persistent atrial fibrillation patients compared with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation subjects. Serum chemerin concentrations were associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation after logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive relation of serum chemerin concentrations with body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, C-reactive protein and left atrial diameter.

Conclusion

Serum chemerin concentrations are associated with the presence of atrial fibrillation and atrial remodelling.
Effects of time and temperature on 48 routine chemistry, haematology and coagulation analytes in whole blood samples
Authors: van Balveren Jasmijn A , Huijskens Mirelle JAJ , Gemen Eugenie FA , Péquériaux Nathalie CV , Kusters Ron
Published: August 2016

Background

Phlebotomy for the purpose of blood analysis is often performed at remote locations, and samples are usually temporarily stored before transport to a central laboratory for analysis. The circumstances during storage and shipment may not meet the necessary requirements. If analysed anyway, false results may be generated. We therefore examined the influence of precentrifugation time and temperature of the most frequently requested tests in whole blood.

Methods

Healthy volunteers donated blood in which 48 analytes were tested. Routine chemistry was performed in lithium heparin tubes, haematology in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tubes, coagulation in citrate tubes and glucose in sodium fluoride tubes. One tube was measured directly. The others were kept at different temperatures (4, 8, 20 or 30℃) and stored for 4, 6, 8 or 24 h before analysis. Additionally, some analytes were examined at 12, 16, 24 and 28℃. The mean percentage deviation was compared with different decision levels, including the total allowable error.

Results

When using the total allowable error as an acceptable limit, most of the investigated analytes remained stable. However, bicarbonate is unstable at almost all tested time-points and temperatures. Calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, potassium and sodium are particularly affected at low temperatures, while phosphate is mainly affected at and above room temperature after 8 h.

Conclusion

We established the influence of time and temperature on a broad range of analytes, which may be applied to set the limits in transportation and storage of whole blood samples.
Management of Simple Clavicle Fractures by Primary Care Physicians
Authors: Stepanyan Hayk , Gendelberg David , Hennrikus William
Published: August 2016

The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone. Children with simple fractures are often referred to orthopedic surgeons by primary care physician to ensure adequate care. The objective of this study was to show that simple clavicle fractures have excellent outcomes and are within the scope of primary care physician’s practice. We performed a retrospective chart review of 16 adolescents with simple clavicle fractures treated with a sling. Primary outcomes were bony union, pain, and function. The patients with simple clavicle fractures had excellent outcomes with no complications or complaints of pain or restriction of their activities of daily living. The outcomes are similar whether treated by an orthopedic surgeon or a primary care physician. The cost to society and the patient is less when the primary care physician manages the fracture. Therefore, primary care physicians should manage simple clavicle fractures.
Biography and discourse: A biography and discourse analysis combining case study on women’s involvement in National Socialism
Authors: Pohn-Lauggas Maria
Published: August 2016

The article is based on a case study that combines biography research with discourse analysis. The research question is: How, post-1945, might Austrian women who were involved in National Socialism use a gendered victim discourse as a pattern of interpretation to deal with their biographical experiences during National Socialism. As a first step, the article outlines the methodological approach employed. The use of a combination of biographical and discourse analysis takes into account the fact that biographies are structured by discourses and prepares the ground for the analysis of biographical accounts as everyday discourses. In this specific case, the discourse analysis reveals that a particular discourse called a gendered victim discourse allows National Socialism to be forgotten. At the same time, however, the case reconstruction of three biographies shows that the women do not use the gendered victim discourse as a discursive interpretation of National Socialism in their biographical accounts. Concerning this result the article argues that biographical significant experiences of events during National Socialism that remained meaningful after 1945 cannot simply be ‘forgotten’. The appropriation of a discursive pattern of interpretation is selective and depends on biographical structures.
Cultural Disparities in the Use of Prescription and Nonprescription Medications Among Midlife Women in Israel
Authors: Lerner-Geva Liat , Blumstein Tzvia , Boyko Valentina , Farhi Adel , Benyamini Yael
Published: August 2016

The study aimed to examine differences in medication use among midlife women from different cultural origins and to identify socio-demographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics associated with prescribed and non-prescribed medication use. Face-to-face interviews with women aged 45–64 years were conducted during 2004–2006 within three population groups: long-term Jewish residents (LTJR), immigrants from the former Soviet Union after 1989, and Arab women. The survey instrument included current use of medications and way of purchasing (with/without prescription). The level of prescribed and non-prescribed medication use was categorized as taking none, taking 1–2, and taking 3 or more medications. The rates of medication use were 59.5% for prescribed medication and 47% for non-prescribed medications. Differences between the minority groups and LTJR were observed mainly for cardiovascular, vitamins, supplements, and hormonal medications. The analyses showed significantly lower use of prescribed medications among immigrants and of non-prescribed medications among Arab women after taking into account health and socioeconomic indicators. Increased use of prescribed and non-prescribed medications was associated with worse health status and older age. Education was associated with increased use of non-prescribed medications. The disparities in pharmaceutical care may be linked to barriers in access to health care and to cultural preferences among minorities.
Reforming the nations: a global study of the Need for Future Managerial Reforms in public administration
Authors: Vigoda-Gadot Eran , Cohen Noam , Tsfati Yariv
Published: August 2016

This study deals with the Need for Future Managerial Reforms (NFMR) in public administration as perceived by university professors from around the globe. We explore and validate a new NFMR scale based on traditional principles of the New Public Management (NPM) doctrine (e.g. downsizing government, debureaucratization, decentralization, managerialism, and privatization). We also propose a global professional selection (GPS) approach to the study of need for future managerial reforms, validating it with a theoretical model, eight propositions, and four hypotheses. According to the model, managerial quality, satisfaction with public services, trust in public services and NFMR are mutually related but should be considered within the cultural dimensions of each nation. Using data from a sample of 2995 faculty members in 191 major universities from 45 nations, we demonstrate the validity of the NFMR scale and of several direct and indirect hypotheses based on the theoretical model, as well as the advantage of the GPS-controlled mediating model over a simple mediating model. The findings are discussed theoretically and practically, with their implications for the study of future NPM-style reforms and the recent trends in modern governance.

Points for practitioners

This study suggests that greater calls for managerial reforms, especially from the knowledgeable community, are valuable inputs that should be heard and echoed in government halls. Improving managerial quality may reduce calls for managerial reforms. Public managers should invest in increasing citizens’ satisfaction and trust as they reduce pressures on policy makers to initiate expensive reforms. Cross-country transitions of lessons and knowledge about managerial reforms should be carried out with caution as values and traditions affect the type of required reforms and their meaning for the public.
Transnational Terrorism
Authors: de Oliveira Andre Rossi , Faria João Ricardo , Silva Emilson C. D.
Published: August 2016

We investigate how externalities and cooperation affect nations’ efforts to counter transnational terrorism activities. Our model captures three factors whose interplay determines counterterrorism (CT) efforts and terrorist activity: the size of the spillover effect, the degree of internalization of the externality, and whether nations’ CT efforts have an asymmetric or symmetric effect on the security of other nations. In our symmetric model, preemptive CT efforts and terrorist activities decrease with the size of the externality regardless of the degree of cooperation between nations. In our asymmetric model, as the externality of the “smaller” nation increases, the “larger” nations reduce their efforts, and the smaller nation reacts by increasing its own efforts. We also investigate coalition stability and show that (a) in the preemptive case, the full coalition is not stable and partial coalitions are stable for sufficiently small externalities; and (b) in the defensive, symmetric case, only the full coalition is stable.
The Stigma of Anabolic Steroid Use
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Murray Stuart B. , Mond Jonathan M.
Published: August 2016

Little is known about the stigma of anabolic steroid use despite clear implications for treatment-seekers and for public policy development. We investigated the predictors of steroid stigma and contextualized the results by comparing steroids with marijuana. Undergraduates ( N = 304) completed measures of drug stigma, exposure to drug users, and history of drug use. Participants stigmatized steroid use more than marijuana use—a very large effect. Participants reported less exposure to steroid users. Nevertheless, 15% of participants reported having a steroid-using friend. History of drug use, but not exposure to steroid users, predicted lower steroid stigma. Drug use and exposure both predicted lower marijuana use stigma. The amount of stigma expressed toward steroids is commensurate with that of “hard” drugs, such as heroin, likely constituting a formidable barrier to treatment. The public’s difficulty empathizing with male body image insecurities may partially explain why exposure to steroid users did not predict lower stigmatization.
Intimacy and Smartphone Multitasking—A New Oxymoron?
Authors: Amichai-Hamburger Yair , Etgar Shir
Published: August 2016

This study investigated the relationship between smartphone multitasking and romantic intimacy. Participants currently in a romantic relationship ( N = 128; 98 women; M age = 26.7 years, SD = 4.3) filled out two sets of questionnaires: The Emotional Intimacy Scale, measuring romantic intimacy, and the mobile phone interference in life scale, measuring multitasking on a smartphone. Participants filled out each questionnaire twice, once in relation to themselves and once in relation to their partner (for the partner questionnaire, statements were altered from the first person to the third person singular, he/she instead of I). Results suggested that only the partners’ smartphone multitasking scores were negatively related to ratings of romantic intimacy, whereas participants’ own smartphone multitasking scores were not related to ratings of romantic intimacy. These results can be explained by the actor–observer asymmetry, suggesting that participants attributed their multitasking behaviors to situations, but attributed their partners multitasking behaviors to behavior patterns or intentionality. This research suggests that smartphone multitasking has a negative association with face-to-face interactions. People should attend to the costs of smartphone use during face-to-face interactions.
Improving airflow loss through the yarn-loading slit of the air-interlacing nozzle using TRIZ
Authors: Juraeva Makhsuda , Song Dong Joo , Ryu Kyung Jin
Published: August 2016

The air-interlacing nozzle has a yarn channel, an air inlet and a yarn-loading slit. The previously investigated optimum air-interlacing nozzle was analyzed to improve the airflow loss through the slit by reducing the width of the slit and by applying TRIZ tool. TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem solving, was applied to find a solution for the airflow loss through the yarn-loading slit. The airflow inside the air-interlacing nozzle was computed using ANSYS CFX software. The computational results of the air-interlacing nozzle were evaluated by the vorticity, velocity and the airflow loss. The vorticity was increased and the airflow loss was improved slightly when the width of the slit was reduced. The yarn-loading slit is for the yarn loading into the yarn channel before the air-interlacing process. The technical contradiction of the air-interlacing nozzle was that reducing the width of the yarn-loading slit makes it difficult to load the yarn into the yarn channel. Principles 10 and 31 of TRIZ were obtained through the contradiction matrix and were applied to the nozzle. The computational results showed that the vorticity and velocity were increased and the airflow loss through the slit was improved. The air-interlacing nozzle after applying principles of TRIZ showed better results when compared numerically and experimentally with other existing nozzles.
Improving Low-Achieving Schools
Authors: Childs Joshua , Russell Jennifer Lin
Published: August 2016

Improving low-achieving schools is a critical challenge facing urban education. Recent national policy shifts have pressed states to take an expanded role in school improvement efforts. In 2009, a federal grant competition called Race to the Top (RttT) compelled states to improve their capacity to implement ambitious education reform agendas. Drawing on the theory of organizational capacity, the study sampled five RttT winning states’ plans to support improving low-achieving schools. Findings indicate that states sought to build capacity to productively enact an expanded role and focus resources and expertise toward school improvement initiatives.
You Can’t Fix What You Don’t Look At
Authors: Carter Prudence L. , Skiba Russell , Arredondo Mariella I. , Pollock Mica
Published: August 2016

Racial/ethnic stereotypes are deep rooted in our history; among these, the dangerous Black male stereotype is especially relevant to issues of differential school discipline today. Although integration in the wake of Brown v. Board of Education was intended to counteract stereotype and bias, resegregation has allowed little true integration. Thus, old patterns continue to be reinforced through the ongoing processes of implicit bias, micro-aggression, and colorblindness. Thus, to effectively address inequity, the role of race must be explicitly acknowledged in addressing racial disparities in discipline. We close with a set of recommendations for talking about and acting on racial disparities.
Caring for LGBTQ patients
Authors: Klein Elizabeth W , Nakhai Maliheh
Published: August 2016

This article summarizes the components of a curriculum used to teach family medicine residents and faculty about LGBTQ patients’ needs in a family medicine residency program in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. This curriculum was developed to provide primary care physicians and physicians-in-training with skills to provide better health care for LGBTQ-identified patients. The curriculum covers topics that range from implicit and explicit bias and appropriate terminology to techniques for crafting patient-centered treatment plans. Additionally, focus is placed on improving the understanding of specific and unique barriers to competent health care encountered by LGBTQ patients. Through facilitated discussion, learners explore the health disparities that disproportionately affect LGBTQ individuals and develop skills that will improve their ability to care for LGBTQ patients. The goal of the curriculum is to teach family medicine faculty and physicians in training how to more effectively communicate with and treat LGBTQ patients in a safe, non-judgmental, and welcoming primary care environment.
Improving patient-centered communication while using an electronic health record
Authors: Fogarty Colleen T , Winters Paul , Farah Subrina
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Researchers and clinicians are concerned about the impact of electronic health record use and patient-centered communication. Training about patient-centered clinical communication skills with the electronic health record may help clinicians adapt and remain patient-centered.

Methods

We developed an interactive workshop eliciting challenges and opportunities of working with the electronic health record in clinical practice, introduction of specific patient-centered behaviors and mindful practice techniques, and video demonstrating contrasts in common behavior and “better practices.” One hundred thirty-nine resident physicians and faculty supervisors in five residency training programs at the University of Rochester Medical Center participated in the workshops. Participants were asked to complete an 11-item survey of behaviors related to their use of the electronic health record prior to training and after attending training. We used paired t-tests to assess changes in self-reported behavior from pre-intervention to post-intervention.

Results

We trained 139 clinicians in the workshops; 110 participants completed the baseline assessment and 39 completed both the baseline and post-intervention assessment. Data from post-curriculum respondents found a statistically significant increase in “I told the patient when turning my attention from the patient to the computer,” from 60% of the time prior to the training to 70% of the time after.

Discussion

Data from our program evaluation demonstrated improvement in one communication behavior. Sample size limited the detection of other changes; further research should investigate effective training techniques for patient-centered communication while using the electronic health record.
Dissent, Resignation, and the Moral Agency of Senior Military Professionals
Authors: Snider Don M.
Published: August 2016

This short article answers the question of whether, in the context of current American civil–military relations, senior military professionals may loyally dissent from a decision by civilian authorities, even including by resignation. Stated another way, can their constitutional duties to obedience to civilian authority ever clash so severely with their responsibilities to their profession and its fiduciary trust with the American people that dissent is obligated. The position offered here is that senior military professionals always retain the moral agency for such dissent. It inheres in their role as a steward of an American military profession exercising the discretionary judgments that are the moral core of their professional work.
Taking a “Pro” Position on Principled Resignation
Authors: Dubik James M.
Published: August 2016

Principled resignation of senior military officers is sometimes justified, especially in wartime. First, except under very narrow circumstances, each of us remains a moral agent. Second, American’s hold those on the battlefield responsible for their decisions and actions, and we must hold senior generals and admirals responsible for strategic decisions and actions taken in capitals. Third, organizations—regardless of type—incur significant risks when senior officials remain silent in the face of serious wrongs. Finally, war risks, damages, changes, and often ends lives of the innocent, of the citizens who fight on behalf of their nation, and of the political community itself, even if the war does not involve an existential threat. Although my colleagues, with companion pieces in this journal, disagree, senior leaders who participate in strategic, war-waging decisions and actions are responsible to speak out, perhaps even to to leave, when the risk involves not just effectiveness but using poorly or wasting life.
Lipid Emulsion Formulation of Parenteral Nutrition Affects Intestinal Microbiota and Host Responses in Neonatal Piglets
Authors: Lavallee Celeste M. , MacPherson Jayden A. R. , Zhou Mi , Gao Yanhua , Wizzard Pamela R. , Wales Paul W. , Turner Justine M. , Willing Benjamin P.
Published: August 2016

Background: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a cause of intestinal microbial dysbiosis and impaired gut barrier function. This may contribute to life‐threatening parenteral nutrition–associated liver disease and sepsis in infants. We compared the effects of a lipid emulsion containing long‐chain ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; SMOFlipid) and a predominantly ω‐6 PUFA emulsion (Intralipid) on microbial composition and host response at the mucosal surface. Materials and Methods: Neonatal piglets were provided isocaloric, isonitrogenous TPN for 14 days versus sow‐fed (SF) controls. Equivalent lipid doses (10 g/kg/d) were given of either SMOFlipid (ML; n = 10) or Intralipid (SO; n = 9). Ileal segments and mucosal scrapings were used to characterize microbial composition by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative gene expression of tight junction proteins, mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and inflammatory cytokines. Results: The microbial composition of TPN piglets differed from SF, while ML and SO differed from each other (analysis of molecular variance; P < .05); ML piglets were more similar to SF, as indicated by UniFrac distance (P < .05). SO piglets showed a specific and dramatic increase in Parabacteroides (P < .05), while ML showed an increase in Enterobacteriaceae (P < .05). Gene expression of mucin, claudin 1, β‐defensin 2, and interleukin 8 were higher in TPN; overall increases were significantly less in ML versus SO (P < .05). Conclusion: The formulation of parenteral lipid is associated with differences in the gut microbiota and host response of TPN‐fed neonatal piglets. Inclusion of ω‐3 long‐chain PUFAs appears to improve host‐microbial interactions at the mucosal surface, although mechanisms are yet to be defined.
The Yellowbush Creek site
Authors: Keener Craig S , Nye Kevin , Niedermier Joshua
Published: August 2016

The Yellowbush Creek Camp site is a Late Archaic encampment located on a terrace at the confluence of Yellowbush Creek and the Ohio River near Racine, Ohio. The large sized site may represent either an aggregated base camp or constitute continued reuse of the landform by a series of smaller occupations over time. The dominant component of the site is a Maple Creek Phase deposit dating between 1900 and 1270 B.C. This article summarizes the analysis of the lithic and ceramic assemblages, faunal and floral data, radiocarbon dates, and site structure. The results obtained at Yellowbush Creek Camp are then placed in a wider context of how it contributes to the Maple Creek Phase in southern Ohio and northern Kentucky.
Accomplishing information and change in a smart grid pilot: Linking domestic practices with policy interventions
Authors: Naus Joeri , van der Horst Hilje M
Published: August 2016

Behind the roll-out of smart metering technologies lies a belief that personalised, fact-based information enhances energy awareness and allows consumers to modify their behaviour. Amongst others, practice theoretical accounts have shown that this belief stems from a linear, individualistic and unrealistic interpretation of behaviour change. However, in emphasising how energy use is grounded in socio-material realities of everyday life, practice-based studies have not fully considered the role and potential of information in reconfiguring domestic practices. This article takes a smart grid pilot project in the Netherlands as a case to analyse the interrelatedness of policy interventions, information flows and domestic practices. We argue that the effects of policy interventions on domestic practices can be better understood when seen as part of a configuration of heterogeneous practices. This helps in understanding when and how information is accomplished and put-to-work, and in identifying what can be done to improve smart grid interventions.