bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An investigation into the palatability of a new glycomacropeptide based protein substitute among a sample of phenylketonuria patients.
Authors: Gallagher E. , Randles G. , Hovey J. , O’Neill J.L. , Wilkinson S.
Published: December 2024

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited rare metabolic disorder that is caused by a lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. One in every 4,545 infants born in Ireland have PKU(1). This condition is managed by a low protein diet and the consumption of nutritional supplements that provide all essential amino-acids. However, the palatability of these supplements is often unpleasant, as they are formulated with pure amino-acids(2). Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a by-product of cheese making that is naturally low in phenylalanine, while still being a rich source of amino-acids. As it is a natural protein source, it has improved palatability and texture, and is a suitable alternative to aminoacid based supplements(3).

The aim of this study was to evaluate the palatability of a new GMP based protein substitute PKU GMPro Ultra, Lemonade and Vanilla flavours, among a sample of PKU patients, and assess their expected compliance of using this product.

Samples of the study product were available for monadic taste testing at two patient events that took place in December 2023 and March 2024. All PKU patients attending were eligible to take part. The taste test was not blinded, as the patients were aware they were tasting either the lemonade or vanilla flavoured study product. Patients sampled ∼20ml of the study product and then answered a short six-question survey. This included questions on age, gender, the rating of the product out of 5 (5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest) and expected compliance of one serving of the product (180ml). Compliance was measured using a Likert scale. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS v29 to calculate frequencies, mean and standard deviation.

A total of 21 PKU patients taste tested the study samples. The mean age of patients was 17.88 years (SD 12.9), with 67% of participants being aged 16 years or younger. With regards to taste, it was found that 62% (n = 13) of patients rated the product either 4/5 or 5/5, therefore rating the product satisfactory(4). The other 38% (n = 8) rated the product between 1 to 3 out of 5. Patients were also asked how likely it was that they would finish a whole serving of the study product. 67% (n = 14) reported that they were likely to complete one serving of the study product, while 33% (n = 7) stated they were unlikely to finish a whole serving.

In this sample of PKU patients, the majority found the new GMP based protein substitute to be palatable. These substitutes have been shown to be highly palatable, safe and acceptable alternatives to amino-acid based protein substitutes, which may improve dietary compliance(5). It is important that patients have a wide choice of protein substitutes, which are convenient, flexible and avoid taste-fatigue.
Suicidal behavior in patients with severe mental disorders prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Bergström Jakob , Josefsson Pontus , Taipale Heidi , Sijbrandij Marit , Witteveen Anke , Monzio Compagnoni Matteo , Lora Antonio , Felez-Nobrega Mireia , Haro Josep Maria , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith , Gemes Katalin , Amin Ridwanul
Published: December 2024

Background

Determining whether the incidence of suicidal behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic changed for those with severe mental disorders is essential to ensure the provision of suicide preventive initiatives in the case of future health crises.

Methods

Using population-based registers, quarterly cohorts from the first quarter of 2018 (2018Q1) to 2021Q4 were formed including all Swedish-residents >10 years old. Interrupted time series and generalized estimating equations analyses were used to evaluate changes in Incidence Rates (IR) of specialised healthcare use for suicide attempt and death by suicide per 10 000 person-years for individuals with or without specific severe mental disorders (SMDs) during, compared to before the pandemic.

Results

The IR (95% Confidence interval, CI) of suicide in individuals with SMDs decreased from 16.0 (15.0–17.1) in 2018Q1 to 11.6 (10.8–12.5) in 2020Q1 (i.e. the quarter before the start of the pandemic), after which it dropped further to 6.7 (6.3–7.2) in 2021Q2. In contrast, IRs of suicide attempt in SMDs showed more stable trends, as did the trends regarding suicide and suicide attempt for individuals without SMD. These discrepancies were most evident for individuals with substance use disorder and ASD/ADHD. Changes in IRs of suicide v. suicide attempt for one quarter during the pandemic for substance misuse were 11.2% v. 3.6% respectively. These changes for ASD/ADHD were 10.7% v. 3.6%.

Conclusions

The study shows pronounced decreases in suicide rates in individuals with SMDs during the pandemic. Further studies aiming to understand mechanisms behind these trends are warranted to consult future suicide prevention strategies.
Licenses to retain in Tudor England, 1541–1585
Authors: McKelvie Gordon
Published: December 2024

Late medievalists have shown that retaining was central to English political society in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. They have also debunked the myth that Henry VII sought to end noble retaining and shown that such practices continued into the sixteenth century. Despite this, there has been no focused examination of licenses that Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I granted to select individuals permitting them to retain beyond those categories of servants specified in early acts. These licenses are a unique and underexplored source base that allows questions normally posed by medievalists to be posed for the early modern period. This article examines 138 licenses between 1541 and 1585, identifying the patterns of such grants and their role in understanding the crown's use of noble and gentry retaining in the mid sixteenth century. The reason for each grant differed but all recipients were deemed useful to the crown for various reasons, illustrating the continued collaboration between crown and nobility into the sixteenth century. Throughout, this article emphasises the implications of licenses to retain for understanding the attitude of the English crown to the private power of nobles and gentry over the longue durée.
Developing land-use planning scenarios in Türkiye to reduce water-induced soil erosion
Authors: Saygın Fikret , Aytop Halil , Dengiz Orhan
Published: December 2024

Because soil erosion constrains agricultural productivity and overuse of soils exacerbates erosion, land use can only be sustained through the implementation of land evaluation. We studied five land-use scenarios including erosion-reducing land terracing and contour farming using ILSEN modelling. These scenarios’ rates of soil loss were determined using the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) method. We found that all the erosion-reducing scenarios reduced soil loss compared to the current land use of the study area; in the non-agricultural land use, soil erosion was reduced 4.25 times. The model is expected to inform reduction of soil erosion in geographies characterized by rugged topography.
Pattern reversal chromatic VEPs like onsets, are unaffected by attentional demand
Authors: Arthur Christabel , Kavcar Osman B. , Wise Mackenzie V. , Crognale Michael A.
Published: December 2024

Attention has been shown to modulate the visual evoked potential (VEP) recorded to reversing achromatic patterns. However, the chromatic onset VEP appears to be robust to attentional shifts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses to both chromatic and achromatic reversing patterns are also affected by attention. Resolution and comparison of these results is problematic due to differences in presentation mode, stimulus parameters, and the source of the response. Here, we report the results of experiments using comparable perceptual contrasts, pattern reversals, and a co-extensive and highly demanding multiple object tracking (MOT) task while exploring the effects of attentional modulation across both the chromatic (L − M) and (S − (L + M)) and the achromatic visual pathways. Our findings indicate that although achromatic VEPs are modulated by attention, chromatic VEPs are more robust to attentional modulation, even when using comparable stimulus presentation modes and in the presence of a highly demanding distractor task. In addition, we found that the majority of the modulation appears to be from a relative decrease in response due to the distractor task rather than a relative increase in response during heightened attention to the stimulus.
Can we diagnose aortic arch obstruction in a fetus with an atrioventricular septal defect?
Authors: Akam-Venkata Jyothsna , Thankavel Poonam P. , Hussain Tarique , Sharma Kavita , Balakrishnan Preetha L. , Ikemba Catherine M.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Aortic arch obstruction and/or coarctation of aorta is uncommon (5–20%) in balanced atrioventricular septal defects. Although technically challenging, prenatal diagnosis of aortic arch obstruction in atrioventricular septal defect is critical for delivery planning and improves prenatal counselling regarding the timing of cardiac surgery. We sought to identify prenatal predictors of coarctation of aorta in atrioventricular septal defect.

Methods:

Retrospective review of patients prenatally diagnosed with atrioventricular septal defect at two institutions.

Results:

Ninety-five fetuses with atrioventricular septal defect were identified and sufficient outcome data and diagnostic acoustic windows were available in 62. Six patients (10%) had coarctation of aorta after birth. Among the 38 patients with Trisomy 21, four (11%) had coarctation of aorta. On multivariable analysis, the proximal transverse aortic arch z score and ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve were independent predictors of coarctation of aorta with good interobserver reproducibility. Either proximal transverse aortic arch z score < −2, or ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve <0.7, predicted aortic arch obstruction with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity.

Conclusion:

Proximal transverse aortic arch z score and lower ratio of left:right atrioventricular valve diameter are independent predictors of postnatal coarctation of aorta in fetal patients with atrioventricular septal defect. The next step is the prospective application of these parameters to create an algorithm directing fetal counselling in terms of delivery location, and expected timing of surgical interventions.
From Boethian Harmony to a Dry Riverbed: El sonido recobrado
Authors: Muñoz Farida Graciela
Published: December 2024

The article takes Boethius’s theory of musical harmony as a starting point, in particular studying the collective dimension embedded in this concept. The dynamics of contact and interdetermination, between humans and other-than-human, are explored and understood as factors co-involved in the possibility of common living. The role of the notions of ecology and economy in rereading the concept of harmony provided by Boethius’s theory is also reviewed. The text then explores a site-specific work that experiments with these issues through the creation of an acousmatic patch that is superimposed onto a broken ecology, showing how this serves as an agent for a reharmonisation of a drought-ravaged river. The article concludes by addressing the implications that a territorially situated musical approach might represent for recovery of the broken link between humans and the other-than-human.
Licit magic in Pashto: artistry and ethnicity in the verses of two classical Pashtun poets
Authors: Pelevin Mikhail
Published: December 2024

Regular remarks of early modern Pashtun authors about the language of their literary works and their ethnicity may be read as an attempt to confirm a distinct place for Pashto writings in the Persophone cultural space and also as an echo of the then-ongoing discourse on Pashtun identity. This article examines the verses of Ashraf Khān Khaṫak (d. 1694) and Kāẓim Khān Khaṫak (d. 1780), who sporadically pondered on artistry and ethnicity as intertwined issues within the framework of the classical genre of self-praise (fakhriyya) and left critical essays on Pashto poetry in the forms of qaṣīda and masnawī. By drawing on Persian poetic traditions, these authors contributed much to the emerging literary criticism in Pashto by sophisticating the discussion of poetic art in their native language. While Ashraf elaborated on the idea of poetry as ‘licit magic’, Kāẓim tried to explain the advantages of the ‘new manner’, which is now commonly known as the ‘Indian style’, for the intellectual progress of both Pashtun litterateurs and their readers. The available details from the poets’ biographies and their occasional statements also indicate that the declarative ethnic self-identification of Pashtun men of letters was intrinsically linked to tribalist ideologies.
The story of Ghazan and Nawrūz: changing narratives in the Chinggisid crisis of the fourteenth century
Authors: Hope Michael
Published: December 2024

The fragmentation of the Ilkhanate (1258–1335) midway through the fourteenth century coincided with the publication of several verse histories that were based upon the Blessed History (Tārīkh-i Mubārak) of Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadānī (d. 1318). Seen by many as lacking originality, these texts have often been treated as a new form of literary expression rather than a source of information about key episodes in Ilkhanid history. While it may be true that the verse histories are largely reliant on other sources for information about events that occurred before their time, the choice of what to copy and how it was presented reveals a great deal about changing attitudes to power, religion, and class as the Hülegüid Dynasty weakened and new power brokers appeared. This article will analyse how four verse histories—the Shāhnāmah-yi Chingīzī of Shams al-Dīn Kāshānī (1312–1316), the Ẓafarnāmah of Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī (1335), the Shāhanshāhnāmah of Aḥmad Tabrīzī (1337), and the Ghāzānnāmah of Nūrī Azhdarī (1361)—reproduced the biography of the prominent Ilkhanid commander, Amīr Nawrūz (d. 1297), to gauge how changing circumstances influenced their view of the past. It will be shown that, although these stories may not offer much in the way of new information about Nawrūz, they do show how writers attempted to reshape their narratives to reinforce values of piety, justice, and loyalty during the Chinggisid crisis of the fourteenth century.
Why comment? Interlingual commentaries in early modern India
Authors: Williams Tyler W.
Published: December 2024

Asking the simple question of why writers in one language commented on works composed in another opens up a set of questions and problems for thinking through the relationships between languages and literary cultures and their development over time. The archive of Hindi literature—a set of literary vernaculars that came into use at the end of the fourteenth century and were assimilated into the modern standard language of Hindi during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries—contains a wealth of commentarial literature, including commentaries in which Hindi writers commented on texts in Sanskrit—the privileged ‘cosmopolitan’ language of literature, science, and scripture. Despite the ubiquity of such commentaries, they have received almost no attention from modern scholars—the result of certain nationalist modes of literary historiography that counterpose Hindi and Sanskrit. This article attempts a preliminary history of commentarial writing in Hindi, outlining the motivations, strategies, and techniques behind different types of commentaries that were composed during the fifteenth to eighteenth centuries. Even this brief survey of commentarial writings reveals not only how writers thought about the relationship between Hindi and Sanskrit—which they understood to be two distinct species or modes of language—but also the techniques and operations through which they created new lexicons and metalanguages in the vernacular of Hindi. These commentaries reflect a type of renaissance that occurred during the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries in northern India, characterised by new types of interpretive and analytical engagements with ‘classical’ works.
Radiotherapy for refractory eumycetoma: another weapon in the antifungal armoury?
Authors: Kumar Barik Sandip , Muraleedharan Anupam , Badajena Avinash , Ranjan Mahapatra Bikash , Ahmed Sk Soel , Sirka Chandra Sekhar , Sethy Madhusmita , Das Deepak Kumar , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Parida Dillip Kumar
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Mycetoma is a chronic infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue caused by both bacteria and fungi. Eumycetoma, caused by fungus, requires prolonged use of antifungals and/or surgery.

Methods:

In this scenario it has been attempted to treat a case of eumycetoma with an aim to improve the symptoms and to give an antifungal drug free period. Radiotherapy was delivered in two sittings. In the first sitting, 20 Gy in five fractions was given. Because of the excellent response to the radiotherapy, after 9 months, another 15 Gy was delivered in five fractions.

Results:

The symptom-free period extended for another 11 months, making a cumulative effect of 21 months.

Conclusion:

The use of radiotherapy in the salvage of refractory eumycetoma cases should be further explored.
Farmers' perceptions of permanent grasslands and their intentions to adapt to climate change influence their resilience strategy
Authors: Allart Lucie , Joly Frédéric , Oostvogels Vincent , Mosnier Claire , Gross Nicolas , Ripoll-Bosch Raimon , Dumont Bertrand
Published: December 2024

Climate change will increase average temperatures and the frequency and intensity of summertime droughts; those shifts will in turn affect forage production in grassland-based livestock farms. Farmers will accordingly likely have to implement adaptation strategies to cope with the effects of climate change. We hypothesized that farmers' resilience strategies would depend on (i) their intention to adapt to climate change, which partly results from previous climate risk exposure, (ii) how they perceive the values and disvalues of multi-species permanent grasslands (PGs), and (iii) that both of the aforementioned factors would vary according to the geographical context of each farm. We carried out 15 semi-structured interviews with dairy cattle farmers in the French Massif Central; the farms were distributed along a range of climatic and topographic conditions. We used (i) the Model of Proactive Private Adaptation to Climate Change to analyze farmers' individual process of adaptation, (ii) the Integrated Nature Futures Framework to analyze farmers' perception of multi-species PGs, and (iii) text analysis to identify the farmers' adaptation strategies. Nine of the farmers felt that they were already adapted to climate change or that they had a plan in place to implement new adaptations in the future. We observed straightforward relationships between these farmers' perception of PGs and their choice of adaptation strategy; those relationships varied, however, with the geographical context of each farm. Farmers in the northern Massif Central and southern uplands highlighted the values of PGs and considered PGs to be central to their adaption strategies. Conversely, farmers in the southern lowlands mostly referred to the disvalues of PGs; they based their adaptation strategies on temporary grasslands and forage crops. Three of the farmers believed that climate change posed a significant risk, but they foresaw little room to maneuver. Despite acknowledging the values of PGs, those individuals did not intend to use PGs to adapt to climate change. The final three farmers did not intend to adapt to climate change; their reasoning stemmed from either a mindset of fatalism or their acknowledged desire to retire soon. Extreme events such as the summertime drought of 2003 and human factors such as intergenerational transmission of farm can accordingly facilitate or inhibit climate change-related adaptation. It is accordingly important to take into account both socio-psychological and environmental factors when analyzing how grassland-based farmers transition to more climate change-resilient systems.
Why mission-directed governance risks authoritarianism: lessons from East Asia
Authors: Cheang Bryan
Published: December 2024

Recently, scholars have advanced an ideal of the entrepreneurial state in which industrial policy is pursued in a mission-directed manner. Crucially, this perspective does not merely call for the heavier use of industrial policy, but envisions the state as a central focal point, mobilising society around the pursuit of a common mission. Using the historical example of East Asia's developmental state, which closely resembles its contemporary variant, I demonstrate that mission-directionality – should it be consistently applied – tends towards the pursuit of a singular overarching mission, and could require the use of authoritarian and disciplinary mechanisms to sustain mission focus in an environment of uncertainty. In turn, this potential risk arises because mission-directionality seeks to transcend the otherwise directionless nature of market-based and democratic decision-making through the use of bureaucratic discretion, to align the behaviour of social actors in a cohesive and directional manner.
A case study of payments for ecosystem services and the need for integrated catchment management: experiences from the Westcountry Rivers Trust
Authors: Couldrick Laurence B.
Published: December 2024

This case study uses the concept of ecosystem services and specifically payments for ecosystem services, alongside five experiences from the Westcountry Rivers Trust (WRT), which celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2024, to demonstrate the need for integrated catchment management (ICM). It highlights the multifaceted benefits that ecosystems provide to human well-being, the challenges faced in managing these often-siloed services and the role of ICM in preserving and enhancing multiple ecosystem services, focusing on the water-related drivers of flooding, drought, water quality and aquatic biodiversity. Through WRT projects this case study highlights practical applications and successes in managing ecosystem services at the catchment level and what considerations are needed for future integration and delivery of multi-benefit solutions. This paper is derived in part from the interviews and workshops undertaken as part of the Atlantic Area Interreg funded Triple C project (EAPA_772/2018), as well as contributions from the Horizon funded, InnWater project (Horizon EUROPE No. 101036683 and UKRI No. 10066637) and the OFWAT-funded, mainstreaming Nature-based Solutions.
FRABU-LRS: Fragebogen zur Unterrichtsanpassung bei Schülerinnen und Schülern mit LRS
Authors: Hannekum Rike , Schuchardt Kirsten , Mähler Claudia
Published: December 2024

Zusammenfassung: Ziel war die Entwicklung des Fragebogens zur Unterrichtsanpassung bei Schüler_innen mit LRS (FRABU-LRS), der die Lehrkräfteintention, den Unterricht an die Bedürfnisse von Schüler_innen mit LRS anzupassen sowie die Komponenten, die gemäß der Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (TPB; Ajzen, 1991 ) diese Intention determinieren, erfasst. Hierzu wurden deutschlandweit 313 Lehrkräfte und 307 Lehramtsstudierende im Master of Education online befragt. Die Ergebnisse der Strukturgleichungsmodelle in der Lehrkräftestichprobe zeigten, dass mit dem Fragebogen die Verhaltensintention, allgemeine und verhaltensbezogene Einstellungen, verhaltensbezogene Überzeugungen, die Verhaltenskontrolle und subjektive Norm bei Lehrkräften reliabel und faktoriell valide erfasst werden können. Die faktorielle Validität konnte an der Studierendenstichprobe bestätigt werden. Zusätzlich zeigte sich, dass Messinvarianz vorliegt, allerdings müssen Einschränkungen berücksichtigt werden. Insgesamt bildet der FRABU-LRS die verschiedenen Konstrukte der TPB mit guten bis sehr guten psychometrischen Eigenschaften differenziert und theoriegeleitet ab und ermöglicht den Einsatz bei unterschiedlichen wissenschaftlichen Fragestellungen und zur Ableitung von Interventions- und Professionalisierungsmaßnahmen von Lehrkräften.
Assessment of Strategic Knowledge of Learning From Errors in Higher Education
Authors: Pfost Maximilian , Hübner Vanessa
Published: December 2024

Abstract: In higher education settings, students are confronted with learning materials and topics of great difficulty. Therefore, learning from errors and dealing with them in an adaptive way tends to be important. Besides facets such as error culture, students’ learning in such situations might differ due to individual differences in strategic knowledge of dealing with errors while learning. In this study, we developed a scenario-based test that aims to measure strategic knowledge of learning from errors in higher education settings. Besides cognitive–behavioral strategies, affective–motivational regulation strategies were considered and a standard of comparison was derived through expert rating. The article addresses the evaluation of the psychometric properties of this test in German. Analyses relied on a sample of 178 university students. Findings showed good signs of unidimensionality. Construct reliability and test difficulty tended to be lower than optimal. Relationships with students’ tendencies to deal adaptively with errors in learning were also explored. Finally, research desiderata and areas of application are discussed.
Pan‐Arctic Assessment of Coastal Settlements and Infrastructure Vulnerable to Coastal Erosion, Sea‐Level Rise, and Permafrost Thaw
Authors: Tanguy Rodrigue , Bartsch Annett , Nitze Ingmar , Irrgang Anna , Petzold Pia , Widhalm Barbara , von Baeckmann Clemens , Boike Julia , Martin Julia , Efimova Aleksandra , Vieira Gonçalo , Whalen Dustin , Heim Birgit , Wieczorek Mareike , Grosse Guido
Published: December 2024

This study assesses the vulnerability of Arctic coastal settlements and infrastructure to coastal erosion, Sea‐Level Rise (SLR) and permafrost warming. For the first time, we characterize coastline retreat consistently along permafrost coastal settlements at the regional scale for the Northern Hemisphere. We provide a new method to automatically derive long‐term coastline change rates for permafrost coasts. In addition, we identify the total number of coastal settlements and associated infrastructure that could be threatened by marine and terrestrial changes using remote sensing techniques. We extended the Arctic Coastal Infrastructure data set (SACHI) to include road types, airstrips, and artificial water reservoirs. The analysis of coastline, Ground Temperature (GT) and Active Layer Thickness (ALT) changes from 2000 to 2020, in addition with SLR projection, allowed to identify exposed settlements and infrastructure for 2030, 2050, and 2100. We validated the SACHI‐v2, GT and ALT data sets through comparisons with in‐situ data. 60% of the detected infrastructure is built on low‐lying coast (10 m a.s.l). The results show that in 2100, 45% of all coastal settlements will be affected by SLR and 21% by coastal erosion. On average, coastal permafrost GT is increasing by 0.8°C per decade, and ALT is increasing by 6 cm per decade. In 2100, GT will become positive at 77% of the built infrastructure area. Our results highlight the circumpolar and international amplitude of the problem and emphasize the need for immediate adaptation measures to current and future environmental changes to counteract a deterioration of living conditions and ensure infrastructure sustainability.
Combining Visible‐ and Infrared‐Wavelength Observations With Numerical Modeling to Describe Vulcanian Eruption Plumes at Sabancaya, Peru
Authors: Simionato R. , Jarvis P. A. , Rossi E. , Fries A. , Pistolesi M. , Aguilar R. , Bonadonna C.
Published: December 2024

Sabancaya volcano (Peru), is a stratovolcano in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. Since November 2016, it has been in constant activity, marked by daily multiple Vulcanian explosions. In this contribution, we first characterize the plumes generated by the explosions using visible‐ and infrared‐wavelength imagery, describing plume morphologies and quantifying rise rates. Through an analysis of plume morphology and rise rates, we find that plumes fall on a continuum between two end‐member classifications. Class A plumes are characterized by an amorphous head containing multiple vortices which may combine to form a vortex ring. These plumes have higher initial velocities (generally m and up to 40 m ) which monotonically decrease as the plume rises. Conversely, class B plumes have narrow, cylindrical morphologies and lack large vortical structures in the head. They have smaller initial velocities ( m ) and, after an initial rise, undergo stagnation followed by a short acceleration in rise velocity, before slowing down again. Secondly, we use a numerical model to invert our observations for eruptive source conditions, including the initial temperature, gas mass fraction and bulk density, as well as the air entrainment coefficient. From our numerical inversions, we find that these plumes have entrainment coefficients between 0.03 and 0.11. This work provides insight into the dynamics of transient plumes and highlights the need for better models to describe their dynamics.
Glacial Erosion Rates Since the Last Glacial Maximum for the Former Argentino Glacier and Present‐Day Upsala Glacier, Patagonia
Authors: Fedotova A. , Magnani M. B.
Published: December 2024

Recovering the patterns of glacial erosion over time is key to understanding feedbacks between climate and tectonic processes. Glacial erosion rates have been shown to systematically increase worldwide toward the present since the late Cenozoic, a behavior interpreted as the response of glaciers to a cooling and increasingly variable climate. However, the validity of this signal has been questioned, and suggested to be affected by the incompleteness of the sedimentary record, which can introduce a time dependent bias in the time averaged rates. In this study, we present new glacial erosion rates estimated from sediment accumulations in Lago Argentino, Patagonia, a proglacial basin with a nearly complete preserved sedimentary record. The erosion rates are estimated through the past 20,000 years and averaged over time intervals ranging from sub‐decadal to millennial, allowing us to explore erosion rate variability through time and within a glacial cycle. The data show that erosion rates have varied substantially, from 0.43  0.12 to 82.38  17.58 mm/yr, with no systematic increase (or decrease) through time. Rather, erosion occurs during discrete, intense events separated by times of quiescence. In addition, we find that glacial erosion rates have comparable magnitudes when averaged over similar time intervals. Our data show a power‐law increase in glacial erosion rates with decreasing averaging time interval, consistent with other observations globally. Given our observed intermittent character of glacial erosion, we attribute this increase to a time averaging bias, rather than to an escalation in magnitude of erosional pulses toward the present.
Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 promotes colorectal cancer-derived lung metastasis
Authors: Shiri Ahmad Mustafa , Fard-Aghaie Mohammad , Bedke Tanja , Papazoglou Eleftherios D. , Sabihi Morsal , Zazara Dmitra E. , Zhang Siwen , Lücke Jöran , Seeger Philipp , Evers Maximilian , Hackert Thilo , Oldhafer Karl J. , Gondolesi Gabriel E. , Huber Samuel , Giannou Anastasios D.
Published: December 2024

The lung is one of the most frequently metastasized organs from various cancer entities, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). The occurrence of lung metastasis correlates with worse prognosis in CRC patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of IL-10 in lung metastasis development and identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 during lung metastatic establishment. To induce lung metastasis in mice, we injected MC38 murine colon cancer cells intravenously. Mice with Il10-deficiency were used to test the role of IL-10. The lung metastatic burden was assessed both macroscopically and histologically. IL-10- and Foxp3-reporter mice were employed to identify the cellular source and target cells of IL-10 in lung metastasis using flow cytometry. These findings were further confirmed using mice with cell-specific deletion of Il10- and IL-10 receptor (Il10ra). Interestingly, Il10 ablation led to reduced lung metastasis formation, suggesting a pathogenic role of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Moreover, using reporter mice, we identified Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) as the predominant cellular source of IL-10 in lung metastasis. Accordingly, Foxp3 + Treg-specific deletion of Il10 resulted in decreased lung metastasis formation. In terms of target cells, myeloid cells and Foxp3 + Tregs expressed high IL-10Ra levels. Indeed, IL-10 signaling blockade in these two immune cell populations resulted in reduced lung metastatic burden. In conclusion, Foxp3 + Treg-derived IL-10 was found to act on Foxp3 + Tregs and myeloid cells, thereby promoting lung metastasis formation. These findings provide insights into lung metastasis-related immunity and establish the groundwork for optimizing metastasis-targeting immunotherapies through targeting of IL-10 as a novel therapeutic strategy.
Assessing the impact of an environmentally friendly approach on irreversible dental hydrocolloid performance
Authors: Beuter Leonie , Bourauel Christoph , Singer Lamia
Published: December 2024

Background: Impression materials can harbour microorganisms from saliva and blood, posing cross-contamination risks. However, post-setting disinfection might compromise the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of alginates. Hence, it was the aim of this research to assess the detail reproduction, tear strength, elastic recovery, and surface quality of the gypsum model of newly developed dental alginates with inherent antimicrobial properties. Methods: Three dental alginate groups with antimicrobial alterations were formulated. One group replaced water with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (CHX group), while the other two utilized water-based extracts of Syzygium aromaticum (SA, clove) or Zingiber officinale (ZO, ginger) to reduce silver nitrate, resulting in two silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)/extract (clove or ginger) mixture solutions. These mixture solutions were employed for the preparation of dental alginate yielding the SA + AgNP and ZO + AgNPs groups. All modified groups were compared to an unmodified control group that used water for mixing. Elastic recovery, detail reproduction, and tear strength were assessed following the ISO 21563:2021 standard. The surface roughness of plaster models was analysed using the optical profilometer. Elastic recovery was assessed by applying and then releasing load on alginate specimens to measure their ability to recover from deformation. Detail reproduction was evaluated by observing the reproducibility of a 50 μm line in a metallic mold using a light microscope, while tear strength was determined by stretching the specimens until failure at a constant speed of 500 mm/min. Results: All tested groups exhibited elastic recovery values meeting ISO standards for hydrocolloid impression materials. Regarding detail reproduction, both the control and modified alginates successfully reproduced the 50-µm line without interruption in all specimens. Tear strength values for all tested groups remained within the acceptable documented ranges, surpassing the minimum requirement of 0.38 N/mm as mandated by ISO 21563:2021. The ZO + AgNPs (0.94 ± 0.17 N/mm) demonstrated significantly higher tear strength values and surface roughness values compared to the other tested groups. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine, Syzygium aromaticum, and Zingiber officinale green-synthesized silver nanoparticles are promising, cost-effective alternatives for disinfecting alginate impressions without compromising performance. Green nanoparticle synthesis is a safe, efficient, and non-toxic method, potentially synergizing metal ions with plant extract.
Regiodivergent formal [4+2] cycloaddition of nitrosoarenes with furanyl cyclopropane derivatives as 4π components
Authors: Coto Darío , Mata Sergio , López Luis A. , Vicente Rúben
Published: December 2024

Furanyl cyclopropanes serve as 4-carbon component in [4+2] cycloaddition reactions with nitrosoarenes affording 1,2-oxazines with regioselectivity controlled by Lewis acids.
Metal-free [2+2]-photocycloaddition of unactivated alkenes enabled by continuous flow processing
Authors: O’Hanlon Diarmuid , Davin Sharon , Glennon Brian , Baumann Marcus
Published: December 2024

A copper-free photocycloaddition protocol is reported to access drug-like bicyclobutane scaffolds. Crucial to its success is the use of acetone as co-solvent in combination with a continuous flow reactor approach.
Deformation behavior and yield strength prediction of [112] oriented NbMoTaW refractory high entropy alloy nanowires
Authors: Tian Taozhi , Fu Tao , Duan Mengye , Hu Hao , Li Chuanying , Chen Xiang , Peng Xianghe
Published: December 2024

A thermal activation-based theoretical model incorporating the stacking fault energy and surface energy as pivotal parameters can effectively predict the yield stress of the RHEAs in the IHP stage and can be extended to other BCC metals.
Mutual polymorphic transformation of CsMgPO4·6H2O induced by solution pH
Authors: Lv Sheng , Song Liangcheng , Cui Hongyan , Xu Yanling , Zhu Chongqiang , Yang Chunhui
Published: December 2024

The mutual polymorphic transformation of CsMgPO4·6H2O attributed to the configuration change of PO43− caused by pH regulation was predicted and confirmed experimentally.
X and Q-band EMR study of ultrasmall Zn1−xMnxFe2O4 spinel nanoparticles fabricated under nonhydrolytic conditions
Authors: Rogalska Iwona , Cieniek Bogumił , Tomaszewska Anna , Kulpa-Greszta Magdalena , Krzemiński Piotr , Zarychta Bartosz , Stefaniuk Ireneusz , Pązik Robert
Published: December 2024

Ultrasmall Zn1–xMnXFe2O4 ferrites were obtained by the thermal decomposition process. We report the effect of the Mn2+ substitution on particles magnetic behavior studied by the EMR technique.
Silver-purine MOFs for high-performance multi-terminal neuromorphic memory
Authors: Panda Subhra Jyoti , Khator Kanha Ram , Deswal Priyanka , Nayak Shashwat , Pandey Durgesh , Patel Suraj K. , Agrawalla Suraj Kumar , Ghosh Dibyajyoti , Senanayak Satyaprasad P. , Purohit Chandra Shekhar
Published: December 2024

With porous channels for ion transport, the electronic conductivity of MOFs can be tuned to realize outstanding memory operation and seamlessly integrated into devices emulating complex multi-terminal synaptic responses.
CeOx-anchored β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets onto nickel foam for efficient energy-saving hydrogen production via an electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction
Authors: Nguyen Cong Hong Nhat , Nguyen Dinh Truong , Le Trung Hieu , Le Lam Son , Thi Phan Nga Hang , Nguyen Thi-Thao-Van , Tiep Nguyen Van , Korneeva Ekaterina , Luu Anh Tuyen , Dao My Uyen , Nguyen Dinh Minh Tuan , Nguyen Chinh Chien
Published: December 2024

CeOx-anchored β-Ni(OH)2 nanosheets onto nickel foam electrodes have been developed for the efficient energy-saving hydrogen production via the electrocatalytic glucose oxidation reaction.
Conservation of structure and dynamic behavior in triazine macrocycles with opportunities for subtle control of hinge motion
Authors: Patterson-Gardner Casey , Pan Hongjun , Janesko Benjamin G. , Simanek Eric E.
Published: December 2024

While sharing a common, hinge-like motion, steric congestion created by isopropyl groups reduces the barrier to hinging by ∼1.5 kcal mol−1 over macrocycles with less cumbersome substitutions.
Glyoxylic acid monohydrate promoted reductive addition of sodium sulfinates to pillar[4]arene[1]quinone
Authors: Zhang Enfu , Ma Da , Zhu Chenghao
Published: December 2024

Sulfonate esters are introduced to pillar[4]arene[1]quinone through reductive addition of sodium sulfinates (15 examples with high selectivity).
Divergent photoiniferter polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: Wong Alexander J. , Eades Cabell B. , Bowman Jared I. , Davidson Cullen L. G. , Sumerlin Brent S.
Published: December 2024

Wavelength-dependent photoreactions present an opportunity to achieve chemoselectivity of functional groups that otherwise demonstrate similar reactivity under traditional thermal conditions.
Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters as efficient luminescent probes for bioimaging
Authors: Dou Xinyue , Saalah Sariah , Chiam Chel-Ken , Xie Jianping , Sipaut Coswald Stephen
Published: December 2024

Ultrasmall metal nanoclusters (NCs, <2 nm) have emerged as a novel class of photoluminescent bioimaging probes. This review article examines how a metal NC-based probe is designed with desired functionalities for bioimaging applications.
Co-delivery of dasatinib and miR-30a by liposomes targeting neuropilin-1 receptors for triple-negative breast cancer therapy
Authors: Soghrati Sahel , Varshosaz Jaleh , Rostami Mahboubeh , Mirian Mina
Published: December 2024

Targeted co-delivery of dasatinib and miR30a polyplexes by CRGDK-decorated liposomes dramatically improved the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells.
A silicon-based InGaN/GaN microbelt blue light-emitting-diode fabricated via low-temperature direct bonding
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Peishan , Dong Zexin , Yang Yuqing , Chang Huan , He Chenguang , Wang Qiao , Chen Zhitao , Zhang Kang , Wang Xingfu
Published: December 2024

Integrating a nitride semiconductor light source on Si is a key to building wide-spectrum photonic systems; however, there have been many challenges to growing nitride semiconductors directly on a Si substrate.
Non-halogen solvent processed all-polymer organic solar cells with improved vertical phase morphology
Authors: Li Xinrui , Cao LuYe , Du Xiaoyang , Liu Jianchuan , Lin Hui , Zheng Caijun , Tao Silu
Published: December 2024

Layer-by-layer PSC based on a PM1/PYF-T-o system was achieved for the first time using a non-halogenated solvent, and the vertical phase morphology was further improved by adding PBDB-TF into the donor layer.
One-dimensional Cu–Ni core–shell composites as liquid epoxy molding compound fillers for enhanced heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference shielding in high-bandwidth memory
Authors: Kang Minkyu , Bae Minjun , Cho Sungho , Kim Yonghwan , Kim Kanghun , Park Jonghyock , An Won Young , Kim Dohyeong , Chang Yujin , Kim Kyurim , Piao Shuqing , Park Yongyeol , Piao Yuanzhe
Published: December 2024

One-dimensional core–shell Cu–Ni composites (CS-CN) improve EMI shielding and heat dissipation of liquid epoxy molding compounds through high thermal conductivity, all-frequency EMI shielding, and uniform filler distribution at low mass loadings.
The Impact of Executive Functions and Musicality on Speech Auditory-Motor Synchronization in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Zhu Min , Chen Fei , Chen Weiping , Zhang Yang
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder that disrupts the timing and rhythmic flow of speech production. There is growing evidence indicating that abnormal interactions between the auditory and motor cortices contribute to the development of stuttering. The present study investigated speech auditory-motor synchronization in stuttering adults and the influential factors behind it as compared to individuals without stuttering.

Method:

Sixteen Mandarin-speaking adults with stuttering and 19 fluent controls, who were matched for age, gender, and years of musical training, participated in the current study. Their ability to synchronize vocal speech production with accelerating auditory sequences was assessed using the spontaneous speech-to-speech synchronization test (SSS test). Additionally, all participants conducted a series of standardized behavioral tests to evaluate their musicality and executive functions.

Results:

Stutterers achieved significantly lower phase locking values in the SSS test compared to nonstuttering controls, indicating a potential rhythmic processing deficit in developmental stuttering. Moreover, the strength of speech auditory-motor synchronization in stutterers was significantly associated with their performance in tasks such as digit span and nonword repetition. This finding further emphasizes the strong link between rhythmic processing and working memory.

Conclusions:

This study provides compelling evidence for the speech rhythmic deficit in individuals with stuttering by incorporating auditory-motor processes. It would offer valuable insights into the intricate relationship between language and the brain and shed light on the potential benefits of cognitive training for speech intervention in individuals with stuttering difficulties.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27984362
Generalization of Interarticulator Timing Control: Evidence From Tongue–Jaw and Lip–Jaw Kinematics Using Electromagnetic Articulography
Authors: Masapollo Matthew , Rodriguez Ana , Gendron Rosalie , Kent Kara , Thomas Hannah , Nittrouer Susan
Published: December 2024

Background:

In skilled speech production, the motor system coordinates the movements of distinct sets of articulators to form precise and consistent constrictions in the vocal tract at distinct locations, across contextual variations in movement rate and amplitude. Research efforts have sought to uncover the critical control parameters governing interarticulator coordination during constriction formation, with a focus on two parameters: (a) latency of movement onset of one articulator relative to another (temporal parameters) and (b) phase angle of movement onset for one articulator relative to another (spatiotemporal parameters). Consistent interarticulator timing between jaw and tongue tip movements, during the formation of constrictions at the alveolar ridge, was previously found to scale more reliably than phase angles across variation in production rate and syllable stress. In the present study, we test whether these temporal regularities generalize to another set of articulators, namely, the jaw and lower lip, during the formation of constrictions at the lips.

Method:

Eight talkers produced vowel–consonant–vowel (VCV) sequences, recorded using electromagnetic articulography, with variation in production rate and syllable stress. V was /ɑ/–/ɛ/ and C was alveolar /t/–/d/ or bilabial /p/–/b/. Two measures were obtained: (a) the timing of tongue tip/lower lip raising onset for intervocalic C, relative to jaw opening–closing cycles for the flanking vowels, and (b) the angle of tongue tip/lower lip raising onset for intervocalic C, relative to the jaw phase plane.

Results:

Across both sets of articulators, consonant-related movement onset latencies scaled more consistently with variation in the jaw opening–closing cycle than phase angles. Furthermore, movement onset latencies were more strongly affiliated with utterance type than phase angles.

Conclusion:

Findings demonstrate that precise temporal coordination of articulator movements regulates the formation of precise constrictions, independent of the specific set of articulators involved or where in the vocal tract the constriction is produced.