bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperamental Shyness and Anger/Frustration in Childhood: Normative Development, Individual Differences, and the Impacts of Maternal Intrusiveness and Frontal Electroencephalogram Asymmetry
Authors: Liu Ran , Phillips Jennifer J. , Ji Feng , Shi Dexin , Bell Martha Ann
Published: July 2021

This study used latent growth curve modeling to identify normative development and individual differences in the developmental patterns of shyness and anger/frustration across childhood. This study also examined the impacts of maternal intrusiveness and frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at age 4 on the developmental patterns of shyness and anger/frustration. 180 children (92 boys, 88 girls; Mage = 4.07 years at baseline; 75.6% White, 18.3% Black, 6.1% multiracial/other) participated in the study. Normative development included significant linear decreases in shyness and anger/frustration. Individual variation existed in the developmental patterns. Children with left frontal EEG asymmetry showed a faster decreasing pattern of shyness. Children who experienced higher maternal intrusiveness and had left frontal EEG asymmetry showed a slower decreasing pattern of anger/frustration.
A genus at risk: Predicted current and future distribution of all three Lagopus species reveal sensitivity to climate change and efficacy of protected areas
Authors: Scridel Davide , Brambilla Mattia , de Zwaan Devin R , Froese Nick , Wilson Scott , Pedrini Paolo , Martin Kathy
Published: July 2021

Aim

Cold‐adapted species are considered vulnerable to climate change. However, our understanding of how climate‐induced changes in habitat and weather patterns will influence habitat suitability remains poorly understood, particularly for species at high latitudes or elevations. Here, we assessed potential future distributions for a climate‐sensitive genus, Lagopus, and the effectiveness of protected areas in tracking shifting distributions.

Location

British Columbia, Canada.

Methods

Using community science observations from 1970 to 2020, we built species distribution models for white‐tailed (L. leucura), rock (L. muta) and willow ptarmigan (L. lagopus) across British Columbia, a globally unique region harbouring all three ptarmigan species. We assessed the impact of climate (direct) and climate‐induced habitat change (indirect) on potential future distributions of ptarmigan.

Results

White‐tailed and rock ptarmigan were associated with colder temperatures and tundra‐like open habitats and willow ptarmigan with open, shrub habitats. Future projections based on climate and vegetation scenarios indicated marked losses in suitable habitat by the 2080s (RCP +8.5 W/m2), with range declines of 85.6% and 79.5% for white‐tailed and rock ptarmigan, respectively, and a lower 61.3% for willow ptarmigan. Predicted current and future suitable habitat occurred primarily outside of current protected areas (67%–82%), yet range size declined at a less pronounced rate within protected areas suggesting a capacity to buffer habitat loss.

Main conclusions

Ptarmigan are predicted to persist at higher elevations and latitudes than currently occupied, with the magnitude of elevation shifts consistent with trends observed elsewhere in the Holarctic. Our spatially explicit assessment of potential current and future distributions of ptarmigan species provides the first comprehensive evaluation of climate change effects on the distribution of three congeneric, cold‐adapted species with different habitat preferences and life‐history traits. We also highlight the potential role of protected areas in preserving suitable future sites for ptarmigan and other climate‐sensitive or high‐elevation species.
Global patterns of extinction risk and conservation needs for Rodentia and Eulipotyphla
Authors: Kennerley Rosalind J. , Lacher Thomas E. , Hudson Michael A. , Long Barney , McCay Shelby D. , Roach Nicolette S. , Turvey Samuel T. , Young Richard P.
Published: July 2021

Aim

To explore global patterns in spatial aggregations of species richness, vulnerability and data deficiency for Rodentia and Eulipotyphla. To evaluate the adequacy of existing protected area (PA) network for these areas. To provide a focus for local conservation initiatives.

Location

Global.

Methods

Total species, globally threatened (GT) species, and Data Deficient (DD) species richness were calculated for a 1° resolution grid. Correspondence analyses between global species richness against GT species richness were performed. To assess PA network adequacy, a correspondence analysis was conducted to identify areas of high richness and GT species richness that have poor protection.

Results

Six hotspots were identified for GT eulipotyphlans, encompassing 40% of GT species. Three of these contain higher numbers of GT species than would be expected based on their overall species richness. Ten priority regions were identified for GT rodents, which together contain 34% of all GT species. Six contain higher numbers of GT rodent species than would be expected based on their overall species richness. For DD species, 15% of DD eulipotyphlans were represented within three priority regions, whereas 18 were identified for rodents, capturing 53% of all DD species. Areas containing lower numbers of protected GT eulipotyphlan species than expected include Mexico; Cameroonian Highlands; Albertine Rift; Tanzania; Kenya; Ethiopia; western Asia; India; and Sri Lanka. Areas containing lower numbers of protected GT rodent species than expected are Borneo, Sumatra and Sulawesi. Five eulipotyphlans and 44 rodents have ranges which fall completely outside of PAs.

Main conclusion

Rodentia and Eulipotyphla priority regions should be considered separately to one another and to other mammals. This analysis approach allows us to pinpoint and delineate geographical areas which represent key regions at a global level for rodents and eulipotyphlans, in order to facilitate conservation, field research and capacity building at a local level.
Efficacy of lifestyle intervention in adults with impaired glucose tolerance with and without impaired fasting plasma glucose: A post hoc analysis of Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study
Authors: Gong Qiuhong , Zhang Ping , Wang Jinping , Gregg Edward W. , Cheng Yiling J. , Li Guangwei , Bennett Peter H. ,   For the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study Group
Published: July 2021

Aims

The extent that pre‐diabetic fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels influence the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions in preventing type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is uncertain. We aimed to determine if the outcome of lifestyle intervention in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) differs in those with normal or impaired FPG levels.

Materials and Methods

Data were used from the Da Qing Diabetes Prevention Outcome Study, which was a 30‐year follow‐up of a 6‐year randomized trial of lifestyle intervention in 576 people with IGT. We then conducted a post‐hoc analysis to compare the efficacy of intervention to reduce the incidence of T2DM and its complications in those with baseline FPG <100 mg/dL and FPG ≥100 mg/dL.

Results

Lifestyle intervention reduced the cumulative incidence of T2DM by 37%‐46% in those with baseline FPG <100 mg/dL and by 47%‐51% in those with FPG ≥100 mg/dL. The FPG <100 mg/dL group had a lower cumulative incidence of diabetes and 6.41 years median delay in its onset compared with 2.21 years delay in the FPG ≥100 mg/dL group. In those with FPG <100 mg/dL intervention was associated with at least as great a reduction in cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality as in the FPG ≥100 mg/dL group.

Conclusions

Lifestyle intervention reduced the incidence of T2DM in people with IGT regardless of baseline FPG levels, and in those with FPG <100 mg/dL led to a substantial delay in its onset. All persons with IGT, with normal or impaired FPG levels, may benefit from lifestyle intervention to delay its onset and mitigate the incidence of T2DM.
Soil multifunctionality: Synergies and trade‐offs across European climatic zones and land uses
Authors: Zwetsloot Marie J. , van Leeuwen Jeroen , Hemerik Lia , Martens Henk , Simó Josa Iolanda , Van de Broek Marijn , Debeljak Marko , Rutgers Michiel , Sandén Taru , Wall David P. , Jones Arwyn , Creamer Rachel E.
Published: July 2021

With increasing societal demands for food security and environmental sustainability on land, the question arises: to what extent do synergies and trade‐offs exist between soil functions and how can they be measured across Europe? To address this challenge, we followed the functional land management approach and assessed five soil functions: primary productivity, water regulation and purification, climate regulation, soil biodiversity and nutrient cycling. Soil, management and climate data were collected from 94 sites covering 13 countries, five climatic zones and two land‐use types (arable and grassland). This dataset was analysed using the Soil Navigator, a multicriteria decision support system developed to assess the supply of the five soil functions simultaneously. Most sites scored high for two to three soil functions, demonstrating that managing for multifunctionality in soil is possible but that local constraints and trade‐offs do exist. Nutrient cycling, biodiversity and climate regulation were less frequently delivered at high capacity than the other two soil functions. Using correlation and co‐occurrence analyses, we also found that synergies and trade‐offs between soil functions vary among climatic zones and land‐use types. This study provides a new framework for monitoring soil quality at the European scale where both the supply of soil functions and their interactions are considered.

Highlights

Managing and monitoring soil multifunctionality across Europe is possible.

Synergies and trade‐offs between soil functions exist, making it difficult to maximize the supply of all five soil functions simultaneously.

Synergies and trade‐offs between soil functions vary by climatic zone and land‐use type.

Climate regulation, biodiversity and nutrient cycling are less frequently delivered at high capacity.
Gut metabolite S‐equol ameliorates hyperexcitability in entorhinal cortex neurons following Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus‐induced acute seizures
Authors: Gallucci Allison , Patel Dipan C. , Thai K'Ehleyr , Trinh Jonathan , Gude Rosalie , Shukla Devika , Campbell Susan L.
Published: July 2021

Objective

A growing body of evidence indicates a potential role for the gut–brain axis as a novel therapeutic target in treating seizures. The present study sought to characterize the gut microbiome in Theiler murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)‐induced seizures, and to evaluate the effect of microbial metabolite S‐equol on neuronal physiology as well as TMEV‐induced neuronal hyperexcitability ex vivo.

Methods

We infected C57BL/6J mice with TMEV and monitored the development of acute behavioral seizures 0–7 days postinfection (dpi). Fecal samples were collected at 5–7 dpi and processed for 16S sequencing, and bioinformatics were performed with QIIME2. Finally, we conducted whole‐cell patch‐clamp recordings in cortical neurons to investigate the effect of exogenous S‐equol on cell intrinsic properties and neuronal hyperexcitability.

Results

We demonstrated that gut microbiota diversity is significantly altered in TMEV‐infected mice at 5–7 dpi, exhibiting separation in beta diversity in TMEV‐infected mice dependent on seizure phenotype, and lower abundance of genusAllobaculumin TMEV‐infected mice regardless of seizure phenotype. In contrast, we identified specific loss of S‐equol‐producing genusAdlercreutziaas a microbial hallmark of seizure phenotype following TMEV infection. Electrophysiological recordings indicated that exogenous S‐equol alters cortical neuronal physiology. We found that entorhinal cortex neurons are hyperexcitable in TMEV‐infected mice, and exogenous application of microbial‐derived S‐equol ameliorated this TMEV‐induced hyperexcitability.

Significance

Our study presents the first evidence of microbial‐derived metabolite S‐equol as a potential mechanism for alteration of TMEV‐induced neuronal excitability. These findings provide new insight for the novel role of S‐equol and the gut–brain axis in epilepsy treatment.
Barriers and corridors of gene flow in an urbanized tropical reef system
Authors: Afiq‐Rosli Lutfi , Wainwright Benjamin John , Gajanur Anya Roopa , Lee Ai Chin , Ooi Seng Keat , Chou Loke Ming , Huang Danwei
Published: July 2021

Information about the distribution of alleles among marine populations is critical for determining patterns of genetic connectivity that are essential in modern conservation planning. To estimate population connectivity in Singapore's urbanized equatorial reef system, we analysed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from two species of reef‐building corals with distinct life histories. For Porites sp., a broadcast‐spawning coral, we found cryptic lineages that were differentially distributed at inshore and central‐offshore sites that could be attributed to contemporary surface current regimes. Near panmixia was observed for Pocillopora acuta with differentiation of colonies at the farthest site from mainland Singapore, a possible consequence of the brooding nature and relatively long pelagic larval duration of the species. Furthermore, analysis of recent gene flow showed that 60–80% of colonies in each population were nonmigrants, underscoring self‐recruitment as an important demographic process in this reef system. Apart from helping to enhance the management of Singapore's coral reef ecosystems, findings here pave the way for better understanding of the evolution of marine populations in South‐East Asia.
Efficacy and safety of topiramate for reducing impulsivity: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta‐analysis of a common clinical use
Authors: Chapron Sophie‐Athéna , Nourredine Mikail , Dondé Clément , Haesebaert Frédéric , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , Geoffroy Pierre Alexis , Rolland Benjamin
Published: July 2021

Impulsivity is an important transdiagnostic feature of many psychiatric disorders, as well as a marker of poorer outcome. Topiramate is broadly used for reducing impulsivity in various neuropsychiatric disorders, but no systematic review or meta‐analysis has ever explored whether evidence supports this clinical use. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature, using PubMed, PsycInfo and Cochrane databases. We included all studies assessing the efficacy of topiramate in adults with high levels of impulsivity, based on either psychometric or neuropsychological measures. Seven articles were included, involving 578 participants. Important heterogeneity in designs and quality features was observed. Topiramate lowered impulsivity levels in two of the studies that used the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) (401 participants) and in one of the studies that used neuropsychological measures (63 participants). Four other studies found no effect of topiramate on impulsivity. A larger reduction in the BIS‐11 overall score, with a mean difference of 2.57 (95% confidence interval −4.12 to −1.02), was found in the topiramate group than the placebo group using a random effects model. However, one study accounted for the major part (85.5%) of it, and most included studies presented a high risk of bias. The use of a self‐assessment scale induced an additional risk of self‐report bias. No clear‐cut evidence was found for a transdiagnostic effectiveness of topiramate in reducing impulsivity levels. However, encouraging results were found in some specific disorders.
Roflumilast improves resolution of sepsis‐induced acute kidney injury by retarding late phase renal interstitial immune cells infiltration and leakage in urinary sediments
Authors: Gupta Kirti , Pandey Sneha , Singh Ragini , Kumari Abha , Sen Pallavi , Singh Gaaminepreet
Published: July 2021

Some evidence has demonstrated that both inflammation and immune cell dysregulation are coincident at late phase (post 24 h) of sepsis. The present study was designed to determine the pathological role of hyperinflammation and renal immune cells mobilization during late phase of sepsis induced acute kidney injury (S‐AKI) and tests the pharmacological effects of PDE‐4 inhibitor on these events. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation puncture and renal function, oxidative–inflammatory stress biomarkers were assessed after 24 h. PDE‐4 inhibitor was administered for 7 days prior to induction of S‐AKI. Renal immune cells infiltration during sepsis was analyzed by H&E staining and papanicolaou staining method was used for detecting leukocytes and cast in urinary sediments, periodic acid schiff (PAS) staining was used for detection of brush border loss. AKI developed 24 h post sepsis insult as depicted by increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal oxidative stress, and elevated inflammatory biomarkers levels. Moreover, septic rats displayed increased bacterial load, renal expression of phosphodiesterase‐4B, 4D isoforms, enhanced vascular permeability, caspase‐3 and myeloperoxidase activity, electrolyte imbalance, reduced Na+K+ATPase activity, declined cAMP levels, increased interstitial leukocyte infiltration, and leakage in urinary sediments along with histological alterations. Pre‐treatment with roflumilast at high dose completely prevented the various AKI associated manifestations in septic rats. Renal hyper‐inflammation and leukocyte infiltration was detected in late phase of S‐AKI. Roflumilast pre‐treatment resolved sepsis induced renal dysfunction and histological damage by suppressing late phase renal immune cells invasion and anti‐inflammatory effects mediated by up‐regulation of renal cAMP levels.
Antidepressants with anti‐tumor potential in treating glioblastoma: A narrative review
Authors: Abadi Banafshe , Shahsavani Yasamin , Faramarzpour Mahsa , Rezaei Nima , Rahimi Hamid‐Reza
Published: July 2021

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is known as the deadliest form of brain tumor. In addition, its high treatment resistance, heterogeneity, and invasiveness make it one of the most challenging tumors. Depression is a common psychological disorder among patients with cancer, especially GBM. Due to the high occurrence rates of depression in GBM patients and the overlap of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases, finding antidepressants with antitumor effects could be considered as an affordable strategy for the treatment of GBM. Antidepressants exert their antitumor properties through different mechanisms. According to available evidence in this regard, some of them can eliminate the adverse effects resulting from chemo‐radiotherapy in several cancers along with their synergistic effects caused by chemotherapy. Therefore, providing comprehensive insight into this issue would guide scientists and physicians in developing further preclinical studies and clinical trials, in order to evaluate antidepressants' antitumor potential. Considering that no narrative review has been recently published on this issue, specifically on these classes of drugs, we present this article with the purpose of describing the antitumor cellular mechanisms of three classes of antidepressants as follows: tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) in GBM.
Coverage of maternal viral load monitoring during pregnancy in South Africa: Results from the 2019 national Antenatal HIV Sentinel Survey
Authors: Woldesenbet Selamawit A. , Kufa‐Chakezha Tendesayi , Lombard Carl , Manda Samuel , Cheyip Mireille , Ayalew Kassahun , Puren Adrian
Published: July 2021

Objectives

South Africa has made remarkable progress in increasing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among pregnant women; however, viral suppression among pregnant women receiving ART is reported to be low. Access to routine viral load testing is crucial to identify women with unsuppressed viral load early in pregnancy and to provide timely intervention to improve viral suppression. This study aimed to determine the coverage of maternal viral load monitoring nationally, focusing on viral load testing, documentation of viral load test results, and viral suppression (viral load < 50 copies/mL). At the time of this study, the first‐line regimen for women initiating ART during pregnancy was non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTI)‐based regimen.

Methods

Between 1 October and 15 November 2019, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 15‐ to 49‐year‐old pregnant women attending antenatal care in 1589 nationally representative public health facilities. Data on ART status, viral load testing and viral load test results were extracted from medical records. Logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with coverage of viral load testing.

Results

Of 8112 participants eligible for viral load testing, 81.7% received viral load testing, and 94.1% of the viral load test results were documented in the medical records. Of those who had viral load test results documented, 74.1% were virally suppressed. Women initiated on ART during pregnancy and who received ART for three months had lower coverage of viral load testing (73%) and viral suppression (56.8%) compared with women initiated on ART before pregnancy (82.8% and 76.1%, respectively). Initiating ART during pregnancy rather than before pregnancy was associated with a lower likelihood of receiving a viral load test during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio = 1.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.8).

Conclusions

Viral load result documentation was high; viral load testing could be improved especially among women initiating ART during pregnancy. The low viral suppression among women who initiated ART during pregnancy despite receiving ART for three months highlights the importance of enhanced adherence counselling during pregnancy. Our finding supports the WHO recommendation that a Dolutegravir‐containing regimen be the preferred regimen for women who are newly initiating ART during pregnancy for more rapid viral suppression.
Effect of h‐BN addition on friction and wear properties of C/C‐SiC composites fabricated by LSI
Authors: Niu Zi‐bo , Chen Fu , Xiao Peng , Li Zhuan , Pang Lang , Li Yang
Published: July 2021

Hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) has excellent oxidation resistance, self‐healing function, and self‐lubricating properties, which can significantly improve the oxidation resistance of C/C‐SiC composites in low or medium temperature condition and affect their tribological properties and mechanisms. In this work, C/C‐SiC and C/C‐BN‐SiC composites were prepared by the same molding, carbonization and liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) process and the influences of h‐BN addition on their microstructure, tribological properties, and mechanisms were investigated. h‐BN addition can promote the formation of friction film and reduce the oxidation wear of the composites. Compared with C/C‐SiC composites, due to more lubricant components and different matrix structure, the C/C‐BN‐SiC composite shows lower wear rate (reduced by 53%) and moderate rather than too high coefficient of friction (CoF) and its CoF is less influenced by braking velocity. Moreover, the friction process is more stable and does not appear clamping stagnation phenomenon in high braking speed condition.
Dementia in people with severe or profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities: Focus group research into relevance, symptoms and training needs
Authors: Dekker Alain D. , Wissing Maureen B. G. , Ulgiati Aurora M. , Bijl Bas , van Gool Gaby , Groen Marieke R. , Grootendorst Esther S. , van der Wal Ina A. , Hobbelen Johannes S. M. , De Deyn Peter P. , Waninge Aly
Published: July 2021

Background

Differentiating dementia from baseline level of functioning is difficult among people with severe/profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities. Moreover, studies on observable dementia symptoms are scarce. This study examined (a) the relevance of dementia diagnosis, (b) observable symptoms and (c) training/information needs.

Methods

Four explorative focus groups were held with care professionals and family members who have experience with people with severe/profound intellectual (and multiple) disabilities (≥40 years) and decline/dementia.

Results

Thematic analysis showed that participants wanted to know about a dementia diagnosis for a better understanding and to be able to make informed choices (question 1). Using a categorisation matrix, cognitive and behavioural changes were shown to be most prominent (question 2). Participants indicated that they needed enhanced training, more knowledge development and translation, and supportive organisational choices/policies (question 3).

Conclusions

Timely identifying/diagnosing dementia allows for a timely response to changing needs. This requires a better understanding of symptoms.
Assessment of dementia in a clinical sample of persons with intellectual disability
Authors: Rösner Peggy , Berger Justus , Tarasova Daria , Birkner Joana , Kaiser Heika , Diefenbacher Albert , Sappok Tanja
Published: July 2021

Background

Assessment of age‐associated disorders has become increasingly important.

Methods

In a clinical setting, people with intellectual disability with and without dementia were assessed retrospectively using the Neuropsychological Test Battery (NTB) and the Dementia Questionnaire for People with Learning Disabilities (DLD) at two different times to analyse neuropsychological changes and diagnostic validity. One group (n = 44) was assessed with both instruments, while the DLD was applied in 71 patients.

Results

In the NTB (n = 44), only patients with dementia (n = 26) showed a decline in the NTB total score and three subscales. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a diagnostic sensitivity of .67, a specificity of .81, and an area under the curve (AUC) of .767. In the DLD group (n = 71), only those with dementia displayed a decrease in the cognitive and social scale; diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were low (.61/.63) and the AUC was .704.

Conclusions

Neuropsychological assessment was sensitive to detect cognitive changes over time. Sensitivity values of both instruments suggest a reassessment at a later time point.
A quantitative evaluation of a regional Positive Behavioural Support workforce development approach
Authors: McKenzie Karen , Murray George , Martin Rachel , Murray Aja , Metcalfe Dale
Published: July 2021

Background

Research suggests that providing staff with input in relation to Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) can have beneficial outcomes. Much of this research, however, fails to take account of systemic issues and does not include a control group.

Method

We used a non‐randomised, controlled group design to evaluate accredited PBS programmes, delivered as part of a systemic, regional and workforce development approach. We compared outcomes of those attending the programmes (n = 240) with a control group (n = 54), pre‐ and post‐intervention and at 3‐months follow‐up.

Results

The programme and its wider impact were rated positively. Significant intervention effects were found for staff practice and retention, but not for staff knowledge and attributions, or behaviours that challenge and quality of life of those being supported.

Conclusions

The results are discussed in the context of the study limitations and restrictions resulting from the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Silencing of circTASP1 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of acute myeloid leukaemia cells through modulating miR‐515‐5p/HMGA2 axis
Authors: Lin Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Liang Changda , Xie Shupei , Xie An
Published: July 2021

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a common hematopoietic disease that is harmful to the lives of children and adults. CircRNAs are aberrantly expressed in the haematologic malignancy cells. However, the expression of circTASP1 and its function in AML remain unclear. In this study, we showed that circTASP1 was significantly up‐regulated in AML peripheral blood samples and cells. Knockdown of circTASP1 inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HL60 and THP‐1 cells in vitro. Bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay proved that circTASP1 sponged miR‐515‐5p and negatively regulated miR‐515‐5p expression in HL60 and THP‐1 cells. High mobility group A2 (HMGA2) was proved to be a downstream target of miR‐515‐5p. The rescue experiments confirmed that knockdown of circTASP1 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis by modulating miR‐515‐5p/HMGA2 pathway. Moreover, the in vivo experiment indicated that knockdown of circTASP1 suppressed tumour growth. In conclusion, circTASP1 acts as a sponge for miR‐515‐5p to regulate HMGA2, thereby promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis during AML progression. Thus, circTASP1 has the potential to be explored as a therapeutic target for AML treatment.
One‐year follow‐up evaluation of reservoirs in bleaching trays for at‐home bleaching
Authors: Martini Eveline Claudia , Favoreto Michael Willian , de Andrade Heloisa Forville , Coppla Fabiana Madalozzo , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra
Published: July 2021

Objective

To evaluate the color change stability and patient satisfaction after one‐year of at‐home bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) in trays with or without reservoirs.

Materials and methods

Forty‐six patients were subjected to bleaching with CP (3 h/daily; 21 days) with a bleaching tray with or without reservoirs. The color was measured one‐month and one‐year after the completion of bleaching using the spectrophotometer (ΔEab, Δ00 and ΔWi), and shade guide units (ΔSGU). Patients' satisfaction were assessed using a 5‐point Likert Scale questionnaire. Data were submitted to paired t‐test (α = 0.05).

Results

No significant difference between color change after one‐month and one‐year was observed (VITA Classical shade guide unit and the ΔWi; p > 0.53). Significant differences were observed for the VITA Bleachedguide 3D‐MASTER shade guide, ΔEab and ΔE00 (p < 0.03). The level of patient satisfaction was similar between groups (p = 1.00).

Conclusions

Bleaching tray design did not have any influence on the bleaching stability for the 10% CP (Opalescence PF, Ultradent). Patients were very satisfied with the bleaching outcomes regardless of the bleaching tray design.

Clinical relevance

Placement of reservoirs in bleaching trays does not increase longevity of dental bleaching. No clinically important color rebound was observed 1 year after bleaching with 10% CP.
Effect of surface properties of ceramic materials on bacterial adhesion: A systematic review
Authors: Kreve Simone , dos Reis Andréa Cândido
Published: July 2021

Purpose

The objective of this systematic review was to describe studies that report on whether surface characteristics such as electrostatic charge, surface free energy, and surface topography promote influence on bacterial adhesion on ceramic surfaces.

Material and Method

Searches in the SCOPUS, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were performed between December 2020 and January 2021 and updated in March 2021. In addition, a manual search of reference lists from relevant retrieved articles was performed. The criteria included: studies that evaluated ceramic surfaces, which described factors such as surface free energy, electrostatic charges, roughness, zeta potential, and their relationship with bacteria.

Results

Database search resulted in 348 papers. Of the 24 studies selected for full reading, 17 articles remained in this systematic review. Another five studies were found in references of articles included, totaling 22 studies. These had a high heterogeneity making it difficult to perform statistical analysis, so a descriptive analysis was performed.

Conclusions

For dental ceramics, not enough results were found to demonstrate the influence of the electrostatic condition, and its relationship with bacterial adhesion. However, studies of this review show that there is a correlation between bacterial adhesion, surface free energy, and topography.

Clinical Significance

The knowledge of ceramics with repulsive physical–chemical interactions would allow an environment suggestive of non‐adhesion of pathogenic biofilm.
History of autologous platelet‐rich plasma: A short review
Authors: Mościcka Patrycja , Przylipiak Andrzej
Published: July 2021

Background

Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) is a medical material with numerous applications. It produces particularly spectacular effects when applied in cosmetic dermatology.

Aim

To illustrate the origin of the treatment.

Conclusion

The therapy originates from transfusiology, where it is applied as a concentrate of platelets to treat trombocytopenia. PRP treatment is 70 years old and has an increasing number of applications. PRP holds particular promise for cosmetic dermatology.
Estimating the relation between digitalization and the market value of insurers
Authors: Fritzsch Simon , Scharner Philipp , Weiß Gregor
Published: July 2021

We analyze the relation between digitalization and the market value of US insurance companies. To create a text‐based measure that captures the extent to which insurers digitalize, we apply an unsupervised machine learning algorithm—Latent Dirichlet Allocation—to their annual reports. We show that an increase in digitalization is associated with an increase in market valuations in the insurance sector. In detail, capital market participants seem to reward digitalization efforts of an insurer in the form of higher absolute market capitalizations and market‐to‐book ratios. Additionally, we provide evidence that the positive relation between digitalization and market valuations is robust to sentiment in the annual reports and the choice of the reference document on digitalization, both being issues of particular importance in text‐based analyses.
Genome‐wide profile in DNA methylation in goat ovaries of two different litter size populations
Authors: Kang Beining , Wang Junjie , Zhang Hongfu , Shen Wei , El‐Mahdy Othman Othman , Zhao Yong , Min Lingjiang
Published: July 2021

Although some studies have investigated the DNA methylation modification in goat ovaries, it is not understood DNA methylation related to goat litter size. This investigation was designed to explore the DNA methylation status in the ovaries of high litter size and low litter size groups using whole‐genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). We found that there was global difference on DNA methylation in high litter size and low litter size goat ovaries. Many differentially methylated region‐related genes (DMGs) were found in the ovaries of these two different goat populations. Moreover, enrichment analysis discovered that many DMGs were involved in gamete development, reproductive system development, wingless‐type MMTV integration site family (WNT) signalling pathways and mitogen‐activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK) signalling pathways. The data indicated that DNA methylation in goat ovaries may play important roles in the folliculogenesis, the oocyte ovulation rate and finally the litter size. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of genome‐wide DNA methylation patterns in ovaries of high and low litter size goat which helps the understanding of ovarian DNA methylation in relation to goat fertility capability.
Clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease
Authors: King Jonathan N. , Seewald Wolfgang , Forster Sophie , Friton Gabriele , Adrian Derek E. , Lascelles B. Duncan X.
Published: July 2021

Background

Evaluate the clinical safety of robenacoxib in cats with chronic musculoskeletal disease (CMSD).

Animals

Four hundred forty‐nine client‐owned cats with CMSD.

Methods

Pooled analysis of safety variables from 4 prospective randomized blinded clinical trials of robenacoxib (n = 222) versus placebo (n = 227), administered orally once daily for 4 to 12 weeks. Safety was evaluated from reported adverse events (AEs) and abnormalities detected on hematology and serum and urine chemistry analyses.

Results

The number of cats with at least 1 AE was not significantly different (P = .15) with robenacoxib (n = 106, 47.8%) compared to placebo (n = 93, 41.0%). The relative risk of at least 1 AE (incidence robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 0.93‐1.43). There was no significant difference between groups in the number of clinical signs (range, 0‐9) per cat (P = .23). Serum creatinine concentrations were higher during robenacoxib administration compared to placebo (+4.36 μmol/L, 95% confidence interval 0.21‐8.50), but no related adverse clinical effects were detected. In the subgroup of 126 cats with evidence of chronic kidney disease, the relative risk of at least 1 AE (robenacoxib/placebo) was 1.09 (95% confidence interval 0.78‐1.52, P = .61).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Robenacoxib was not associated with increased risk of AEs compared to placebo when administered for 4 to 12 weeks to cats with CMSD. The generalizability of the results to general practice is limited by the fact that cases with severe and uncontrolled concomitant diseases were not included.
Specialized morphology, not relatively large head size, facilitates competition between a small‐bodied specialist and large‐bodied generalist competitors
Authors: Barends J. M. , Maritz B.
Published: July 2021

Interspecific competition for limited resources should theoretically occur between species that are morphologically similar to each other. Consequently, species that reduce competition by adapting to specialize on a specific resource should be morphologically disparate to sympatric contemporaries and show evidence of phenotypic specialization. However, few studies have compared the morphologies of specialist and generalist competitors. In this context, we compare the feeding morphology and diet of an obligate, specialist, bird‐egg‐eating snake to three sympatric generalists that only facultatively consume bird eggs. We measured and compared body and head morphology of preserved museum specimens of each of four, syntopic snake species from southern Africa: the obligate bird‐egg‐eating rhombic egg‐eater (Dasypeltis scabra), and the facultative bird‐egg‐eating boomslang (Dispholidus typus), cape cobra (Naja nivea) and mole snake (Pseudaspis cana). Given the physical challenges of consuming bird eggs in snakes, we predicted that consumption of bird eggs would be facilitated by the evolution of relatively larger heads in the smaller‐bodied Dasypeltis. We found that head size was not phylogenetically conserved in the clades of these taxa and that contrary to our expectations, the specialist egg‐eaters evolved to possess significantly smaller heads relative to body size than their competitors. We found a positive relationship between dietary niche breadth and head size within these species and their close relatives. Thus, relatively large‐headed species have evolved diverse diets that overlap with the restricted diets of the small‐headed specialist thereby producing this atypical competitive interaction. Our findings suggest that specialized adaptations can decouple typical body‐size‐constrained competition dynamics between sympatric snake species and highlight the complexity of the origins of dietary specialization.
Étienne Gilson's Early Social and Political Thought
Authors: Fafara Richard
Published: July 2021

The recent resurrection and rediscovery of Gilson's early political writings broaden the traditional view of Gilson by allowing us to see him as a serious, engaged, political thinker. This essay traces the background of Gilson's early political thought, the beginnings of a dramatic change both in Gilson's activity and writings in the late 1920s, possible reasons for that change, and focuses on Gilson'sPour un ordre catholique(For the Establishment of a Catholic Order). This emblematic work of Gilson's early political thought, which is a practical application of his Christian philosophy, remains relevant to addressing serious religious and political issues confronting Catholics today.
JMJ27‐mediated histone H3K9 demethylation positively regulates drought‐stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Qiongli , Liu Peng , Jing Hua , Zhou Xiao Feng , Zhao Bo , Li Yuan , Jin Jing Bo
Published: July 2021

Dimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me2) is associated with heterochromatinization and transcriptional gene silencing in plants. The activation of sets of genes by drought stress is correlated with reduced H3K9me2 levels, but the role of H3K9 methylation in the regulation of drought‐stress responses remains elusive.

Here, we show that the Jumonji domain‐containing H3K9 demethylase JMJ27 positively regulates drought‐stress responses through its histone demethylase activity. RNA‐seq analysis identified JMJ27‐regulated genes, including positive regulators of drought stress GALACTINOL SYNTHASE 2 (GOLS2) and RESPONSE TO DESICCATION 20 (RD20). Genetic analysis demonstrated that JMJ27 positively regulates drought‐stress responses at least partly through GOLS2 and RD20.

JMJ27 directly associated with GOLS2 and RD20, and protected these loci from silencing by reducing H3K9me2 levels under normal conditions. REGULATORY PARTICLE NON‐ATPASE 1a (RPN1a), a subunit of the 26S proteasome, interacted with JMJ27 and negatively regulated JMJ27 accumulation. Drought stress diminished RPN1a abundance, resulting in increased JMJ27 abundance. The drought stress‐promoted occupancy of JMJ27 at GOLS2 and RD20 chromatin may reinforce their transcriptional induction by locally reducing the H3K9me2 levels.

These results indicate that the RPN1a‐JMJ27 module precisely regulates dynamic H3K9me2 deposition plasticity, ensuring proper adaptation to drought stress in Arabidopsis.
Taxation: A Regulatory Multilevel Governance Perspective
Authors: Rixen Thomas , Unger Brigitte
Published: July 2021

This article makes four claims: First, tax systems at the national, regional and global level are regulatory systems. They can and should be studied as that. Second, taxation is an important extension to regulatory scholars’ empirical field of inquiry. It is a hard case to test prominent theories of new, softer modes of governance. Third, in the era of liberalization and globalization tax governance exhibits similar institutional changes as regulatory governance. It has changed (1) from national to multi‐level governance, (2) from public and direct to indirect with increased involvement of private actors, and (3) from hierarchical and coercive to cooperative and responsive. Fourth, since the global financial crisis, the new sites of tax governance have increasingly been involved in the fight against tax evasion and avoidance and have become more politicized. These claims are substantiated by reference to the contributions to the special issue that this article introduces.
Distributional National Accounts (DINA) with Household Survey Data: Methodology and Results for European Countries
Authors: Ederer Stefan , Ćetković Predrag , Humer Stefan , Jestl Stefan , List Emanuel
Published: July 2021

This paper builds Distributional National Accounts (DINA) using household survey data. We develop a transparent and reproducible methodology that uses only publicly available sources, provides highly comparable results well suited for policy analyses, and can be applied when administrative tax data are not available for research. We apply this methodology to build synthetic micro‐datafiles for European countries that cover the entire distribution, include all income components separately, are consistent with national accounts, and preserve the detailed socioeconomic information available in the surveys. We discuss the methodological steps and their impact on the income distribution. In particular, we highlight the effects of imputations and the adjustment of variables to national accounts’ totals. Furthermore, we compare the different income concepts of the DINA and the EG‐DNA approach in a consistent way. Overall, aligning household incomes with national accounts’ totals and imputing incomes from other sectors increases inequality in most countries, which underlines the importance of reconciling income distributions with macroeconomic aggregates.
Well‐posedness and control in a hyperbolic–parabolic parasitoid–parasite system
Authors: Colombo Rinaldo M. , Rossi Elena
Published: July 2021

We develop a time and space‐dependent predator—prey model. The predators' equation is a nonlocal hyperbolic balance law, while the diffusion of prey obeys a parabolic equation, so that predators“hunt”for prey, while prey diffuse. A control term allows to describe the use of predators as parasitoids to limit the growth of prey–parasites. The general well‐posedness and stability results here obtained ensure the existence of optimal pest control strategies, as discussed through some numerical integrations. The specific example we have in mind is that ofTrichopria drosophilæused to fight against the spreading ofDrosophila suzukii.
Efficacy and adverse events of continuousl‐asparaginase administration for canine large cell lymphoma of presumed gastrointestinal origin
Authors: Nakagawa Taisuke , Kojima Mari , Ohno Koichi , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Ohmi Aki , Goto‐Koshino Yuko , Tomiyasu Hirotaka , Tsujimoto Hajime
Published: July 2021

We examined the efficacy and adverse events of continuousl‐asparaginase administration in dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumedgastrointestinal (GI) origin. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin treated with continuousl‐asparaginase administration from 2009 to 2018. We collected information on the signalment, lesion site, complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, diagnostic imaging findings, cytological and histopathological findings, immunophenotype,l‐asparaginase administration frequency, treatment response, adverse events, rescue protocol, and patient outcomes. Clinical outcomes were assessed using medical records or by contacting the owner or referring veterinarian. Thirty‐two dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin received weeklyl‐asparaginase administration. The median number ofl‐asparaginase injections was seven (range: 1–30). Although two of the 32 dogs had GI toxicity of grade 3 or higher, none developed a hypersensitivity reaction. The response rate based on ultrasonographic findings was 18/32 (56%) and that based on clinical signs was 30/32 (94%). The median overall progression‐free survival was 50 days (range: 2–214 days), and median overall survival was 147 days (range: 2–482 days). Adverse events associated with continuousl‐asparaginase administration were rare. Clinical signs at diagnosis improved in most cases. Based on these results, continuousl‐asparaginase administration appears to be a reasonable treatment option for dogs with large cell lymphoma of presumed GI origin.
Energy potential of household fats, oils and grease waste
Authors: Collin Thomas , Cunningham Rachel , Deb Melani , Villa Raffaella , MacAdam Jitka , Jefferson Bruce
Published: July 2021

In comparison to fats, oils and grease (FOG) found in commercial and industrial effluents, very little is known about FOG discharged at household level. To address this shortcoming, household FOG production was calculated following a year‐long monthly collection at 2.3 kg/year per household, equivalent to 0.8 kg/year per capita. In the United Kingdom, these numbers translate in an annual estimated FOG production of 62 380 tonnes. Physico‐chemical characterization of household FOG showed promising results for biodiesel production. Biomethane yield was measured at 875 mL CH4/g VSadded, twice as much that of sewage sludge, making it a desirable substrate for anaerobic digestion. It was thus estimated that energy recovery from household FOG through anaerobic co‐digestion or biodiesel production could generate about 490 GWh/year in the United Kingdom. However, insights from participants revealed that most of this waste is currently not recovered, requiring the development of schemes fitting with households' routine to maximize collection rates.