bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fasciathérapies en 2019 : étude de perception en France auprès du grand public
Authors: Payrau Bernard
Published: January 2020

Cette étude de perception de la fasciathérapie contribue à l’effort de labellisation des pratiques non-conventionnelles. Elle repose sur la collecte de témoignages au sein du grand public. Un questionnaire a été administré dans un marché de rue parisien, choisi pour la diversité de sa fréquentation. Il est composé d’un large éventail de questions de divers types. Trois domaines relatifs à la fasciathérapie sont explorés : notoriété, nature du soin, sources d’information concernant le sujet. Le recueil des données en face à face a priorisé l’immédiateté, l’homogénéité. 102 personnes, 82 clients, 20 commerçants. 100 % des commerçants et 70 % des clients ignorent la fasciathérapie. 25 personnes en avaient connaissance, dont 9 par expérience. 99 personnes ne connaissent aucun nom de méthode. L’opinion en a une image nettement positive et lui attribue une nature de traitement manuel. Thérapeutique alternative 15 fois/19, complémentaire 22 fois/22 s’étant exprimés. L’information repose principalement sur le bouche-à-oreille. Parmi les 25 personnes ayant connaissance de la fasciathérapie, 18 sont insatisfaites, 3 satisfaites des sources d’information. Cette étude sur la fasciathérapie au sein du grand public fait le triple constat d’une grande méconnaissance, d’une forte insatisfaction vis-à-vis des sources d’information, et d’une perception globalement très favorable. Au terme de cette étude, il apparaît prioritaire de développer la communication. S’adresser à des groupes ciblés susceptibles d’être plus avertis des choses de la santé, permettrait peut-être d’affiner le bilan du perçu de la fasciathérapie dans la France de 2019, ainsi que le suggèrent certains éléments de cette étude.
Worsening urban ozone pollution in China from 2013 to 2017 – Part 1: The complex and varying roles of meteorology
Authors: Liu Yiming , Wang Tao
Published: January 2020

Abstract. China has suffered from increasing levels of ozone pollution in urban areas despite the implementation of various stringent emission reduction measures since 2013. In this study, we conducted numerical experiments with an up-to-date regional chemical transport model to assess the contribution of the changes in meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions to the summer ozone level from 2013 to 2017 in various regions of China. The model can faithfully reproduce the observed meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations and capture the increasing trend in the surface maximum daily 8-hour average (MDA8) ozone (O3) from 2013 to 2017. The emission control measures implemented by the government induced a decrease in MDA8 O3 levels in rural areas but an increase in urban areas. The meteorological influence on the ozone trend varied by region and by year and could be comparable to or even more significant than the impact of changes in anthropogenic emissions. Meteorological conditions can modulate the ozone concentration via direct (e.g., increasing reaction rates at higher temperatures) and indirect (e.g., increasing biogenic emissions at higher temperatures) effects. As an essential source of volatile organic compounds that contributes to ozone formation, the variation in biogenic emissions during summer varied across regions and was mainly affected by temperature. China’s midlatitude areas (25° N to 40° N) experienced a significant decrease in MDA8 O3 due to a decline in biogenic emissions, especially for the Yangtze River Delta and Sichuan Basin regions in 2014 and 2015. In contrast, in northern (north of 40° N) and southern (south of 25° N) China, higher temperatures after 2013 led to an increase in MDA8 O3 concentrations via an increase in biogenic emissions. We also assessed the individual effects of changes in temperature, specific humidity, wind field, planetary boundary layer height, clouds, and precipitation on ozone levels from 2013 to 2017. The results show that the wind field change made a significant contribution to the increase in surface ozone over China by transporting the ozone downward from the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere. The long-range transport of ozone and its precursors outside the modeling domain also contributed to the increase in MDA8 O3 in China, especially on the Tibetan Plateau (an increase of 1 to 4 ppbv). Our study represents the most comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the impact of changes in meteorology on ozone across China and highlights the importance of considering meteorological variations when assessing the effectiveness of emission control on changes in the ozone levels in recent years.
High levels of primary biogenic organic aerosols in the atmosphere in summer are driven by only a few microbial taxa from the leaves of surrounding plants
Authors: Samaké Abdoulaye , Bonin Aurélie , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Taberlet Pierre , Weber Samuël , Uzu Gaëlle , Jacob Véronique , Conil Sébastien , Martins Jean M. F.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOA) represent a major fraction of coarse organic matter (OM) in air. Despite their implication in many atmospheric processes and human health problems, we surprisingly know little about PBOA characteristics (i.e., composition, dominant sources, and contribution to airborne-particles). In addition, specific primary sugar compounds (SCs) are generally used as markers of PBOA associated with Bacteria and Fungi but our knowledge of microbial communities associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains incomplete. This work aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the microbial fingerprints associated with SCs in PM10 (particles smaller than 10 µm) and their main sources in the surrounding environment (soils and vegetation). An intensive study was conducted on PM10 collected at rural background site located in an agricultural area in France. We combined high-throughput sequencing of Bacteria and Fungi with detailed physicochemical characterization of PM10, soils and plant samples, and monitored meteorology and agricultural activities throughout the sampling period. Results shows that in summer SCs in PM10 are a major contributor of OM in air, representing 0.8 to 13.5 % of OM mass. SCs concentrations are clearly determined by the abundance of only a few specific airborne Fungi and Bacteria Taxa. These microbial are significantly enhanced in leaf over soil samples. Interestingly, the overall community structure of Bacteria and Fungi are similar within PM10 and leaf samples and significantly distinct between PM10 and soil samples, indicating that surrounding vegetation are the major source of SC-associated microbial taxa in PM10 in rural area.
Joint inversion of proxy system models to reconstruct paleoenvironmental time series from heterogeneous data
Authors: Bowen Gabriel J. , Fischer-Femal Brenden , Reichart Gert-Jan , Sluijs Appy , Lear Caroline H.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental reconstructions are fundamentally uncertain because no proxy is a direct record of a single environmental variable of interest; all proxies are indirect and sensitive to multiple forcing factors. One productive approach to reducing proxy uncertainty is the integration of information from multiple proxy systems with complementary, overlapping sensitivity. Mostly, such analyses are conducted in an ad hoc fashion, either through qualitative comparison to assess the similarity of single-proxy reconstructions or through step-wise quantitative interpretations where one proxy is used to constrain a variable relevant to the interpretation of a second proxy. Here we propose the integration of multiple proxies via the joint inversion of proxy system and paleoenvironmental time series models in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. The “Joint Proxy Inversion” (JPI) method provides a statistically robust approach to producing self-consistent interpretations of multi-proxy datasets, allowing full and simultaneous assessment of all proxy and model uncertainties to obtain quantitative estimates of past environmental conditions. Other benefits of the method include the ability to use independent information on climate and environmental systems to inform the interpretation of proxy data, to fully leverage information from unevenly and differently sampled proxy records, and to obtain refined estimates of proxy model parameters that are conditioned on paleo-archive data. Application of JPI to the marine Mg∕Ca and δ18O proxy systems at two distinct timescales demonstrates many of the key properties, benefits, and sensitivities of the method, and it produces new,
statistically grounded reconstructions of Neogene ocean temperature and chemistry from previously published data. We suggest that JPI is a
universally applicable method that can be implemented using proxy models of
wide-ranging complexity to generate more robust, quantitative understanding
of past climatic and environmental change.
The Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure Version 1 (FOCI1): Mean State and Variability
Authors: Matthes Katja , Biastoch Arne , Wahl Sebastian , Harlaß Jan , Martin Torge , Brücher Tim , Drews Annika , Ehlert Dana , Getzlaff Klaus , Krüger Fritz , Rath Willi , Scheinert Markus , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Bayr Tobias , Schmidt Hauke , Park Wonsun
Published: January 2020

Abstract. A new Earth system model, the Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure (FOCI), is introduced. A first version of FOCI consists of a global high-top atmosphere (ECHAM6.3) and an ocean model (NEMO3.6) as well as sea ice (LIM2) and land surface model components (JSBACH), which are coupled through the OASIS3-MCT software package. FOCI includes a number of optional modules which can be activated depending on the scientific question of interest. In the atmosphere, interactive stratospheric chemistry can be used (ECHAM6-HAMMOZ) to study, for example, the effects of the ozone hole on the climate system. In the ocean, a biogeochemistry model (MOPS) is available to study the global carbon cycle. A unique feature of FOCI is the ability to explicitly resolve mesoscale ocean eddies in specific regions. This is realized in the ocean through nesting; first examples for the Agulhas Current and the Gulf Stream systems are described here. FOCI therefore bridges the gap between coarse-resolution climate models and global high-resolution weather prediction and ocean-only models. It allows to study the evolution of the climate system on regional and seasonal to (multi-) decadal scales. The development of FOCI resulted from a combination of the long-standing expertise in ocean and climate modeling in several research units and divisions at GEOMAR. FOCI will thus be used to complement and interpret long-term observations in the Atlantic, enhance the process understanding of the role of mesoscale oceanic eddies for large-scale oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns, study feedback mechanisms with stratospheric processes, estimate future ocean acidification, improve the simulation of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation changes and their influence on climate, ocean chemistry and biology. In this paper we present both the scientific vision for the development of FOCI as well as some technical details. This includes a first validation of the different model components using several configurations of FOCI. Results show that the model in its basic configuration runs stably under pre-industrial control as well as under historical forcing, and produces a mean climate and variability which compares well with observations, reanalysis products and other climate models. The nested configurations reduce some long-standing biases in climate models and are an important step forward to include the atmospheric response in multi-decadal eddy-rich configurations.
Seasonal and interannual variability of landfast sea ice in Atka Bay, Weddell Sea, Antarctica
Authors: Arndt Stefanie , Hoppmann Mario , Schmithüsen Holger , Fraser Alexander D. , Nicolaus Marcel
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Landfast sea ice (fast ice), attached to Antarctic coastal and near-coastal elements, is a critical element of the local physical and ecological systems. Through its direct coupling with the atmosphere and ocean, fast ice and its snow cover are also potential indicators of processes related to climate change. However, in-situ fast-ice observations in Antarctica are extremely sparse because of logistical challenges. Since 2010, a monitoring program, which is part of the Antarctic Fast Ice Network (AFIN), has been conducted on the seasonal evolution of fast ice of Atka Bay. The bay is located on the north-eastern edge of Ekström Ice Shelf in the eastern Weddell Sea, close to the German wintering station Neumayer Station III. A number of sampling sites have been regularly revisited between annual ice formation and breakup each year to obtain a continuous record of snow depth, freeboard, sea-ice- and sub-ice platelet layer thickness across the bay. Here, we present the time series of these measurements over the last nine years. Combining them with observations from the nearby meteorological observatory at Neumayer Station as well as satellite images allows to relate the seasonal and interannual fast-ice cycle to the factors that influence its evolution. On average, the annual consolidated fast-ice thickness at the end of the growth season is about two meters, with a loose platelet layer accumulation of four meters beneath and 0.70 meters snow on top. Results highlight the predominately seasonal character of the fast-ice regime in Atka Bay without a significant trend in any of the observed variables over the nine-year observation period. Also, no changes are evident when comparing with measurements in the 1980s. However, strong easterly winds in the area govern the year-round snow redistribution and also trigger the breakup event in the bay during summer months. Due to the substantial snow accumulation on the ice, a characteristic feature is frequent negative freeboard, associated flooding of the snow/ice interface and subsequent formation of snow ice. The buoyant platelet-ice layer beneath negates the snow weight to some extent, but snow thermodynamics is identified as the main driver of the energy and mass budgets for the fast-ice cover in Atka Bay. An enhanced knowledge on the seasonal and interannual variability of the fast-ice properties will improve our understanding of interactions between atmosphere, fast ice, ocean and ice shelves in one of the key regions of Antarctica.
Nonlinearity in the Tropospheric Pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic
Authors: Jiménez-Esteve Bernat , Domeisen Daniela I. V.
Published: January 2020

Abstract. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exert a remote impact on North Atlantic and European (NAE) winter climate. This teleconnection is driven by the superposition and interaction of different influences, which are generally grouped into two main pathways, namely the tropospheric and stratospheric pathways. In this study, we focus on the tropospheric pathway through the North Pacific and across the North American continent. Due to the possible non-stationary behavior and the limited time period covered by reanalysis data sets, the potential nonlinearity of this pathway remains unclear. In order to address this question, we use a simplified physics atmospheric model forced with seasonally varying prescribed sea surface temperatures (SST) following the evolution of different ENSO phases with linearly varying strength at a fixed location. To isolate the tropospheric pathway the zonal mean stratospheric winds are nudged towards the model climatology. The model experiments indicate that the tropospheric pathway of ENSO to the North Atlantic exhibits significant nonlinearity with respect to the tropical SST forcing, both in the location and amplitude of the impacts. For example, strong El Niño leads to a significantly stronger impact over the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) than a La Niña forcing of the same amplitude. For La Niña forcings, there is a saturation in the response, with no further increase in the NAO impact even when doubling the SSTforcing, while this is not the case for El Niño. These findings may have important consequences for long-range predictions of the North Atlantic and Europe.
Multi-Needs for Multi-Screening: Practices, Motivations, and Attention Distribution
Authors: Dias Patrícia , Serrano-Puche Javier
Published: January 2020

Multi-screening is an emergent but fast-growing and fast-changing practice, evolving along with the technologies that mediate it. This article presents a study on multi-screening, i.e., simultaneously or sequentially engaging with more than one screened-media. Based on the uses and gratifications theory, our study focused on the most common multi-screening scenario—engaging with the smartphone while watching TV—in order to explore triggers, motivations, gratifications, and attention distribution. The methodology is qualitative in nature, including ethnographic journals and follow-up interviews to a sample of 30 young adults, and the data was collected in Portugal and Spain. The activities performed on each device are usually disconnected and motivated by the need to enhance the entertainment afforded by the TV or to obtain a sense of efficiency. The attention is distributed in alternated periods, and the smartphone has a greater ability of demanding attention and retaining the engagement.
Growth Strategies of Media Companies: Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Medina Mercedes , Sánchez-Tabernero Alfonso , Larrainzar Arturo
Published: January 2020

This paper analyzes the media and entertainment companies’ main strategic options about what to do for growing—internationalization or diversification—and how to do it—organic and inorganic growth—in a context of ever growing competition. We identify correlations between those strategies and three basic pillars of managers’ decision-making process: growth, profitability, and indebtedness. We conclude that mergers and acquisitions can generate rapid growth, but they are expensive in terms of Return on Investment Capital (ROIC) and they usually increase the leverage of the company. Therefore, the inorganic path could not be the best option for companies with difficulties to get access to capital or for very cyclical businesses. In addition, we identify that vertical integration generates a lower ROIC than horizontal integration, and we show how internationalization strategies increase the profitability of audiovisual companies. We analyze the basic indicators of 50 listed companies in the sector that meet three criteria necessary for our study: data transparency, sufficient size of the company, and a certain trajectory that would allow us to study the consequences of the chosen strategies over long periods of time, at least 15 years. We study the firms’ evolution from 2010 to 2016 with metrics from the Thomson Reuters database. In that last year, they accounted for 88 percent of global television revenue.
Het discriminatieverbod als katalysator van de negatieve vrijheid van religie in identiteitsgebonden organisaties
Authors: Dorssemont F.
Published: January 2020

Het discriminatieverbod als katalysator van de negatieve vrijheid van religie in identiteitsgebonden organisaties

In de hier besproken arresten buigt het Europese Hof van Justitie zich voor de tweede maal sedert de arresten Achbita en Bougnaoui (2017) over de draagwijdte van discriminatie op basis van godsdienst of overtuiging. Stond in de hiervoor genoemde arresten de vraag centraal of de indirecte discriminatie die een hoofddoekverbod in een neutrale organisatie impliceert kon worden gerechtvaardigd, dan botsen in de hier besproken arresten een sollicitant en een werknemer in identiteitsgebonden organisaties op het ethos van die organisatie. De vraag staat centraal in welke mate een identiteitsgebonden organisatie zich op dat ethos kan beroepen om een kandidaat te weigeren die géén lid is van een protestants kerkgenootschap, en om een arts te ontslaan die na het aangaan van een kerkelijk huwelijk dat noch werd nietig verklaard, noch door de dood van zijn voormalige echtgenote werd ontbonden een tweede civiel huwelijk aanging. In deze bijdrage wordt de wijze waarop het Europese Hof van Justitie met dergelijke loyaliteitsconflicten omgaat vergeleken met de jurisprudentie van het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens. De verruimde mogelijkheid die identiteitsgebonden organisaties hebben om directe discriminatie op basis van geloof of overtuiging te rechtvaardigen wordt vergeleken met de gemene rechtvaardiging van directe discriminatie. Een ander punt van aandacht is de vergelijking tussen deze verruimde rechtvaardiging van directe discriminatie én de rechtvaardiging van beperkingen van de vrijheid van godsdienst. De oordelen van het Nederlandse College voor de Rechten van de Mens worden beschouwd in het licht van deze Luxemburgse jurisprudentie.
A Textual Deconstruction of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
Authors: Gately Susan , Hammer Christy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

The extremely well-known holiday television special Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindeer is deconstructed to expose an underlying philosophical paradigm towards people, especially children, with disabilities that is mechanistic and utilitarian. This paradigm includes a static and over-determined view of any disability a person may have, and can be erroneously supported by a philosophy of “radical freedom.” Examples of this philosophy of disability as applied to the K-12 realm of special education are also provided, showing how the lessons learned from the children’s movie are mirrored in the static conceptualization of the notion of disability in the general society and educational system.
Is Wittgenstein a Contextualist?
Authors: Voltolini Alberto ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

There is definitely a family resemblance between what contemporary contextualism maintains in philosophy of language and some of the claims about meaning put forward by the later Wittgenstein. Yet the main contextualist thesis, namely that linguistic meaning undermines truth-conditions, was not defended by Wittgenstein. If a claim in this regard can be retrieved in Wittgenstein despite his manifest antitheoretical attitude, it is instead that truth-conditions trivially supervene on linguistic meaning. There is, however, another Wittgensteinian claim that truly has a contextualist flavour, namely that linguistic meaning is itself wide-contextual. To be sure, this claim does not lead to the eliminativist/intentionalist conception of linguistic meaning that radical contextualists have recently developed. Rather, it goes together with a robust conception of linguistic meaning as intrinsically normative. Yet it may explain why Wittgenstein is taken to be a forerunner of contemporary contextualism.
The Unity of Eros and Agape
Authors: Hubbard Kyle ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

This essay evaluates Jean-Luc Marion’s claim in The Erotic Phenomenon that eros and agape are “two names selected among an infinity of others in order to think and to say the one love” (221). I will defend his attempt to unite agape and eros against Jacques Derrida’s claim that we must love without any desire for reciprocity. Additionally, I will indicate what implications Marion’s account of love has for a discussion of love and its reasons. Marion correctly identifies the paradox at the heart of love: that in order to truly love, I must give up my demand for assurance, although I may still maintain the hope that another will love me. While Marion offers an important corrective to Derrida’s account of pure agape, I will argue that his account of love that includes both eros and agape ultimately resembles Derrida’s pure agape too closely because Marion does not sufficiently acknowledge the role of reciprocity in love.
Desiring and Practical Reasoning
Authors: Byrne Patrick H. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2020

In his most recent book Alasdair MacIntyre criticizes the dominant moral system of advanced societies, which “presents itself as morality as such.” Yet, he argues, its primary function is to channel human desires into patterns that will minimize conflict amid distinctively modern economic and political arrangements. Although he appreciates how what he calls “expressionism” has unmasked this ideological function of modern morality, he points out that expressionism is also impotent to provide adequate moral guidance amidst the “conflicts of modernity.” He proposes that Neo-Aristotelianism’s account of reasoning and desire has the ability to overcome the moral failings of these modern modes of thought. Yet he relies on an excessively deductive version of reason and overlooks Aristotle’s fuller account of desire. The article shows how Bernard Lonergan’s account of both provides a superior account of both Aristotle’s own writings and the actual human phenomena of reasoning and desire.
Que interdisciplinaridade a BNCC oferece à Filosofia? Aproximações à língua portuguesa
Authors: Conceição Thiago Gruner
Published: January 2020

Este artigo analisa a quarta e definitiva versão da Base Nacional Comum Curricular, de 2018, à luz da já antiga promessa de tornar a educação básica brasileira mais interdisciplinar. Mais especificamente, a pergunta que guia essa análise, e a que o artigo pretende responder é: que indicações e possibilidades de um trabalho interdisciplinar a Base oferece a professores e estudantes de Filosofia? Parte-se do pressuposto de que a Base, ainda que trabalhe com áreas de conhecimento, contém em suas competências e habilidades a presença indireta das disciplinas mais tradicionais. É assim possível identificar nas tais áreas de conhecimento aquelas habilidades que mais são afins à disciplina em questão. Ao mesmo tempo, também é possível encontrar cruzamentos entre as habilidades dessas disciplinas (no presente caso, Filosofia e Língua Portuguesa), levando em conta seus objetos de conhecimento ou seus processos cognitivos. O resultado é uma lista não-exaustiva de quatro relações interdisciplinares possíveis entre Filosofia e Língua Portuguesa, a partir da BNCC, passando por temas como ética e epistemologia, instrumentos como análise e composição de argumentos, até alguns aspectos socioafetivos. Ao fim, tais relações interdisciplinares são ilustradas, na prática, sob a forma de uma proposta de sequência didática.
Aspiraciones profesionales y universitarias de estudiantes de grado once de bachillerato de una institución educativa pública de Cali/Professional and college aspirations among 11 th grade high school students in Cali
Authors: MANZANO-SÁNCHEZ HAROLD , Mulford Ramírez Esther Judith , Upegui Piedad Cristina
Published: January 2020

RESUMENEste estudio buscó determinar el establecimiento de cambios en la autoeficacia y las aspiraciones profesionales y universitarias de estudiantes de grado once de bachillerato como resultado del desempeño en las pruebas Saber 11. Así mismo, identificar la relación entre la autoeficacia y los resultados de las pruebas Saber 11; y a su vez, si el género y los resultados de las pruebas Saber 11 predicen las aspiraciones profesionales y universitarias de los estudiantes. El carácter inferencial del estudio permitió contrastar la autoeficacia y las aspiraciones de una muestra representativa de 55 estudiantes antes de haber recibido los resultados de las pruebas Saber 11 y 38 estudiantes después de obtener el resultado. La autoeficacia y las aspiraciones universitarias cambiaron como resultado del desempeño bajo en las pruebas Saber 11; mientras que las aspiraciones profesionales se mantuvieron relativamente estables. A diferencia de otros estudios, no se encontró relación entre la autoeficacia y el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. El género fue una variable interviniente de las aspiraciones profesionales; las mujeres eligieron carreras de salud, psicología, comunicación social y administración de empresas y los hombres ingenierías, arquitectura y educación. Se analizó también el rol de las instituciones educativas en la orientación profesional de los estudiantes.  ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to determine the establishment of changes in the self-efficacy and professional and college aspirations of high school students as a result of the performance of the Saber 11 tests. Also, to identify the relationship between self-efficacy and the results of the Saber 11 tests; and in turn, if the variable gender and the results of the Saber 11 tests predict the professional and college aspirations of the students. The inferential nature of the study allowed us to contrast self-efficacy and aspirations of 55 students’ sample size before and 38 students after having received the results of the Saber 11 tests. Self-efficacy and college aspirations changed as a result of low performance in the Saber 11 tests; however, there is not variation in professional aspirations. Unlike other studies, no relationship was found between self-efficacy and academic performance. Gender was an intervening variable of professional aspirations; females tend to choose health careers, psychology, social communication and administration, whereas men engineering, architecture, and education. The role of educational institutions in college readiness was also discussed.
Metodologia de análise tarifária baseada no consumo de energia elétrica
Authors: Souza Laressa Moreira de
Published: January 2020

Ao fazer uma pequena analise de qual é a opinião da população com relação aos preços pagos nas contas de energia elétrica é possível perceber uma indignação da maioria dos consumidores. Hoje em dia tem algumas temporadas em que estas reclamações são mais evidenciadas, isto se dá devido os aumentos que tem de acordo com o clima da região, pois acaba influenciando o nível de água dos reservatórios. Com isso este estudo analisa como é realizada essa cobrança aos consumidores, sendo identificada por uma tabela que mostra todos os serviços prestados. O parâmetro utilizado foi o consumo médio e as informações fornecidas pela Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL), devido ser uma agência em que toda a administração é realizada por ela, desde a produção até a comercialização. Para a obtenção dos valores de alguns serviços realizados foi necessário buscar informações na Energisa, concessionária local no estado do Tocantins, pois é ela a empresa responsável pela distribuição de energia elétrica na região que foi analisada.
Materiales para una estética de la marginalidad: pornomiseria, signos marginales y subjetividad
Authors: Dalmazzo Avendaño Flavio , Pulgar Moya Pablo
Published: January 2020

El presente artículo explora algunos principios teóricos que puedan servir como contribución para una posible estética de la marginalidad. Para ello, tras delimitar lo que se comprenderá por marginalidad en el contexto de la teorización latinoamericana reciente, se abordará, en primer lugar, aquello que los realizadorescolombianos Luis Ospina y Carlos Mayolo denominaronpornomiseria, en tanto noción epistémico-crítica fundamental. Más adelante, se tratará la cuestión de los signos marginales y su recepción a luz de la experiencia en cierta territorialidad del Chile contemporáneo, específicamente en periferias de la ciudad de Santiago. Finalmente, se concentrará en las implicancias que el proyecto de una estética de la marginalidad tiene para la construcción de identidades políticas

This article explores some theoretical principles that can serve as a contribution to a possible aesthetics of marginality. For this, the information refers to the marginality in the context of the recent Latin American theory, and it is addressed, in the first place, what the Colombian filmmakers Luis Ospina and Carlos Mayolo called pornomisery, as a fundamental epistemic-critical notion. Later, the issue of marginal signs and their reception will be addressed in light of the experience in a certain territoriality of contemporary Chile, specifically, in the peripheries of Santiago. Finally, it will focus on the implications that the project of an aesthetics of marginality has for the construction of political identities
Droit et culture : une approche distributive de l’identité
Authors: Fournier Pascale
Published: January 2020

Quand des couples pratiquants juifs ou musulmans se marient dans des pays occidentaux, les cérémonies comprennent souvent un aspect civil et un aspect religieux, ce qui les place à la fois dans un espace culturel et juridique unique. Selon les lois religieuses, les époux et les épouses ont généralement des droits et des responsabilités distincts au sein du mariage. Dans ce contexte, il n’est guère surprenant que la littérature abonde au sujet des effets différenciés selon le sexe du droit de la famille religieux dans les pays occidentaux. Il serait pertinent de voir quelle est la réalité vécue par les femmes dans le cas d’un mariage ou d’un divorce, qu’il soit civil ou religieux. Est-ce que les règles dictées par la religion interagissent avec le droit civil de manière à permettre aux femmes d’accéder à des recours juridiques? Ou leur imposent-elles davantage de restrictions?

Cet article vise à examiner le rôle réel des règles religieuses dans la vie sociale des sujets de droit et à évaluer leur interaction avec le droit civil dans un contexte comparatif et transnational. Pour ce faire, j’ai rassemblé des témoignages de femmes qui ont vécu des divorces civils et religieux en tant qu’actrices sociales. Si le droit et la culture sont des espaces sociaux contestés, ces réalités peuvent tout de même coexister et permettre aux femmes de minorités religieuses de tirer certains avantages, y compris dans un contexte laïque. En se basant sur des enquêtes sociojuridiques menées sur le terrain auprès de femmes juives et musulmanes qui ont vécu des divorces religieux et civils, en Angleterre et en France, cet article utilise le vocabulaire et les fondements théoriques du droit comparatif et des théories du transsystémisme pour mettre en lumière le pouvoir et la connaissance des femmes en lien avec le divorce. Ce texte, au regard critique, a pour objectif d’amener les nations occidentales à réfléchir et à participer à l’élaboration de politiques plus légitimes et uniformes que celles qui existent à l’heure actuelle.
La compétence concurrente en matière d’immigration : rendre aux provinces canadiennes ce qu’elles ont perdu
Authors: Hartery Jesse
Published: January 2020

Ce texte porte sur l’interprétation des compétences concurrentes prévues à l’article 95 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867, disposition qui prévoit que « le parlement du Canada pourra de temps à autre faire des lois relatives à l’agriculture et à l’immigration ». L’analyse démontre que les tribunaux semblent ne pas tenir compte de la présence de l’expression « de temps à autre », qui limite l’exercice des compétences fédérales par le Parlement central. Cela a mené à une vision restreinte du pouvoir des législatures provinciales de légiférer dans leurs domaines de compétence. Le texte suggère qu’il devrait y avoir une démarcation entre la compétence fédérale et la compétence provinciale en matière d’immigration, et ce, à la lumière d’une interprétation littérale de l’article 95 informée par le contexte historique. Enfin, le texte propose une analyse qui permettrait de revisiter les précédents pertinents, tout en suggérant un nouveau cadre pour donner effet aux compétences concurrentes à l’avenir.
David a déjà vaincu Goliath ... L’efficacité de la protection contre les clauses abusives selon un paradigme de prévention : inspirations du droit belge
Authors: Grégoire Marie Annik , Puttemans Andrée
Published: January 2020

Avec la standardisation et la multiplication des contrats d’adhésion et de consommation, les clauses abusives et illégales pullulent dans ces contrats. Une brève analyse de la situation en droit québécois permet de constater que, malgré les dispositions impératives prévues au Code civil du Québec et de la Loi sur la protection du consommateur pour régir et exercer un certain contrôle sur ces contrats, les clauses illégales ou abusives ne cessent de se multiplier. Une iniquité processuelle peut probablement expliquer ce phénomène : le consommateur québécois est plus ou moins laissé à lui-même pour tenter de neutraliser de telles clauses. La stratégie adoptée par le législateur québécois est réactive plutôt que proactive, en ce qu’elle oblige le consommateur à défendre ses droits en réaction à une atteinte et néglige des recours préventifs qui permettraient de combattre, à la source, ce type de clause. Pourtant, de tels recours préventifs existent en Europe et notamment en Belgique. Le présent article a donc pour objectif d’analyser et de critiquer la situation actuelle au Québec quant aux recours offerts aux consommateurs à l’encontre des clauses illégales et abusives et de proposer, à la lumière du droit belge, un nouveau recours au caractère plus général et préventif.
Challenges and Innovation of Indonesia Overseas Election in Tokyo
Authors: Raganata Gusti
Published: January 2020

Overseas election by Indonesia was started since 1955. However, the regulation of overseas election in Indonesia have a problem in the absence of specific rules regarding the law and almost no distinguishment between overseas and domestic election. It turns out that the Implication of lack of specific regulation are constraining the overseas election committee (PPLN) to run smooth simultaneous election and influencing quality of election. While Indonesia election are mostly done through a traditional based on paper election and manual data collection, PPLN promoting innovations to overcome the challenges. PPLN Tokyo face these constraints by applicating innovation technology solutions. Hence, several innovations done can be a lesson learned to be replicated domestically and to create better election quality.
Defining murine monocyte differentiation into colonic and ileal macrophages
Authors: Gross-Vered Mor , Trzebanski Sébastien , Shemer Anat , Bernshtein Biana , Curato Caterina , Stelzer Gil , Salame Tomer-Meir , David Eyal , Boura-Halfon Sigalit , Chappell-Maor Louise , Leshkowitz Dena , Jung Steffen
Published: January 2020

Monocytes are circulating short-lived macrophage precursors that are recruited on demand from the blood to sites of inflammation and challenge. In steady state, classical monocytes give rise to vasculature-resident cells that patrol the luminal side of the endothelium. In addition, classical monocytes feed macrophage compartments of selected organs, including barrier tissues, such as the skin and intestine, as well as the heart. Monocyte differentiation under conditions of inflammation has been studied in considerable detail. In contrast, monocyte differentiation under non-inflammatory conditions remains less well understood. Here we took advantage of a combination of cell ablation and precursor engraftment to investigate the generation of gut macrophages from monocytes. Collectively, we identify factors associated with the gradual adaptation of monocytes to tissue residency. Moreover, comparison of monocyte differentiation into the colon and ileum-resident macrophages revealed the graduated acquisition of gut segment-specific gene expression signatures.
Cardiac ryanodine receptor distribution is dynamic and changed by auxiliary proteins and post-translational modification
Authors: Asghari Parisa , Scriven David RL , Ng Myles , Panwar Pankaj , Chou Keng C , van Petegem Filip , Moore Edwin DW
Published: January 2020

The effects of the immunophilins, FKBP12 and FKBP12.6, and phosphorylation on type II ryanodine receptor (RyR2) arrangement and function were examined using correlation microscopy (line scan confocal imaging of Ca2+ sparks and dual-tilt electron tomography) and dSTORM imaging of permeabilized Wistar rat ventricular myocytes. Saturating concentrations (10 µmol/L) of either FKBP12 or 12.6 significantly reduced the frequency, spread, amplitude and Ca2+ spark mass relative to control, while the tomograms revealed both proteins shifted the tetramers into a largely side-by-side configuration. Phosphorylation of immunophilin-saturated RyR2 resulted in structural and functional changes largely comparable to phosphorylation alone. dSTORM images of myocyte surfaces demonstrated that both FKBP12 and 12.6 significantly reduced RyR2 cluster sizes, while phosphorylation, even of immunophilin-saturated RyR2, increased them. We conclude that both RyR2 cluster size and the arrangement of tetramers within clusters is dynamic and respond to changes in the cellular environment. Further, these changes affect Ca2+ spark formation.
Robust perisomatic GABAergic self-innervation inhibits basket cells in the human and mouse supragranular neocortex
Authors: Szegedi Viktor , Paizs Melinda , Baka Judith , Barzó Pál , Molnár Gábor , Tamas Gabor , Lamsa Karri
Published: January 2020

Inhibitory autapses are self-innervating synaptic connections in GABAergic interneurons in the brain. Autapses in neocortical layers have not been systematically investigated, and their function in different mammalian species and specific interneuron types is poorly known. We investigated GABAergic parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (pvBCs) in layer 2/3 (L2/3) in human neocortical tissue resected in deep-brain surgery, and in mice as control. Most pvBCs showed robust GABAAR-mediated self-innervation in both species, but autapses were rare in nonfast-spiking GABAergic interneurons. Light- and electron microscopy analyses revealed pvBC axons innervating their own soma and proximal dendrites. GABAergic self-inhibition conductance was similar in human and mouse pvBCs and comparable to that of synapses from pvBCs to other L2/3 neurons. Autaptic conductance prolonged somatic inhibition in pvBCs after a spike and inhibited repetitive firing. Perisomatic autaptic inhibition is common in both human and mouse pvBCs of supragranular neocortex, where they efficiently control discharge of the pvBCs.
Coordination of humoral immune factors dictates compatibility between Schistosoma mansoni and Biomphalaria glabrata
Authors: Li Hongyu , Hambrook Jacob R , Pila Emmanuel A , Gharamah Abdullah A , Fang Jing , Wu Xinzhong , Hanington Patrick
Published: January 2020

Immune factors in snails of the genus Biomphalaria are critical for combating Schistosoma mansoni, the predominant cause of human intestinal schistosomiasis. Independently, many of these factors play an important role in, but do not fully define, the compatibility between the model snail B. glabrata, and S. mansoni. Here, we demonstrate association between four previously characterized humoral immune molecules; BgFREP3, BgTEP1, BgFREP2 and Biomphalysin. We also identify unique immune determinants in the plasma of S. mansoni-resistant B. glabrata that associate with the incompatible phenotype. These factors coordinate to initiate haemocyte-mediated destruction of S. mansoni sporocysts via production of reactive oxygen species. The inclusion of BgFREP2 in a BgFREP3-initiated complex that also includes BgTEP1 almost completely explains resistance to S. mansoni in this model. Our study unifies many independent lines of investigation to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the snail immune system in the context of infection by this important human parasite.
Open exploration
Authors: Thompson William Hedley , Wright Jessey , Bissett Patrick G
Published: January 2020

Arguments in support of open science tend to focus on confirmatory research practices. Here we argue that exploratory research should also be encouraged within the framework of open science. We lay out the benefits of 'open exploration' and propose two complementary ways to implement this with little infrastructural change.
A processive rotary mechanism couples substrate unfolding and proteolysis in the ClpXP degradation machinery
Authors: Ripstein Zev A , Vahidi Siavash , Houry Walid A , Rubinstein John L , Kay Lewis E
Published: January 2020

The ClpXP degradation machine consists of a hexameric AAA+ unfoldase (ClpX) and a pair of heptameric serine protease rings (ClpP) that unfold, translocate, and subsequently degrade client proteins. ClpXP is an important target for drug development against infectious diseases. Although structures are available for isolated ClpX and ClpP rings, it remains unknown how symmetry mismatched ClpX and ClpP work in tandem for processive substrate translocation into the ClpP proteolytic chamber. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of the substrate-bound ClpXP complex from Neisseria meningitidis at 2.3 to 3.3 Å resolution. The structures allow development of a model in which the sequential hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to motions of ClpX loops that lead to directional substrate translocation and ClpX rotation relative to ClpP. Our data add to the growing body of evidence that AAA+ molecular machines generate translocating forces by a common mechanism.
Age-related alterations in inhibitory control investigated using the minimally delayed oculomotor response task
Authors: Knox Paul C. , Pasunuru Nikitha
Published: January 2020

Healthy, older adults are widely reported to experience cognitive decline, including impairments in inhibitory control. However, this general proposition has recently come under scrutiny because ageing effects are highly variable between individuals, are task dependent, and are sometimes not distinguished from general age-related slowing. We recently developed the minimally delayed oculomotor response (MDOR) task in which participants are presented with a simple visual target step, and instructed to saccade not to the target when it appears (a prosaccade response), but when it disappears (i.e. on target offset). Varying the target display duration (TDD) prevents offset timing being predictable from the time of target onset, and saccades prior to the offset are counted as errors. A comparison of MDOR task performance in a group of 22 older adults (mean age 62 years, range 50–72 years) with that in a group of 39 younger adults (22 years, range 19–27 years) demonstrated that MDOR latency was significantly increased in the older group by 34–68 ms depending on TDD. However, when MDOR latencies were corrected by subtracting the latency observed in a standard prosaccade task, the latency difference between groups was abolished. There was a larger latency modulation with TDD in the older group which was observed even when their generally longer latencies were taken into account. Error rates were significantly increased in the older group. An analysis of the timing distribution of errors demonstrated that most errors were failures to inhibit responses to target onsets. When error distributions were used to isolate clear inhibition failures from other types of error, the older group still exhibited significantly higher error rates as well as a higher residual error rate. Although MDOR latency in older participants may largely reflect a general slowing in the oculomotor system with age, both the latency modulation and error rate results are consistent with an age-related inhibitory control deficit. How this relates to performance on other inhibitory control tasks remains to be investigated.