bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right Hemisphericity and Low Self-Esteem in High School Students: A Replication
Authors: Lazure Carri-Lynne , Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

A total of 26 Grade 9 and 24 Grade 12 boys and girls were administered the Rosenberg self-esteem questionnaire and Vingiano's hemisphericity questionnaire. Greater right hemisphericity was associated with lower self-esteem. The strength of the effect ( r = 0.52) was comparable to previous studies involving university students and supports the hypothesis that persistent input of negative affect from right hemispheric activation adversely influences the affective component of self-concept.
Reaction Times with Reference to Musculoskeletal Complaints in Adolescence
Authors: Taimela Simo , Kujala Urho M.
Published: August 2011

Recent studies have related long reaction times and various musculoskeletal complaints in different groups of adults. The aim here was to analyze reaction times with reference to musculoskeletal complaints in adolescent athletes and controls. Simple reaction time and choice reaction time were measured, and inquiries made about various musculoskeletal injuries of 119 subjects aged 11 to 14 years. Gender, age, maturational age, body composition, and participation in sports were included in the analyses as subject-related factors affecting reaction times. Prolonged simple reaction time was related to low-back and lower extremity complaints in a two-way analysis of variance. The finding agreed with data of previous studies suggesting that slow psychomotor speed of reaction is associated with the outcome of musculoskeletal injuries.
Relationships among Selected Attributes and Three Measures of Upper Body Strength and Endurance in Elementary School Children
Authors: Folsom-Meek Sherry L. , Herauf James , Adams Nicholas A.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this investigation was to assess (a) proportions of children unable to perform each of three measures of upper body strength and endurance—pull-up, flexed-arm hang, and modified pull-up; (b) relationships among selected attribute variables of age, weight, percent body fat, and body mass index, and the three measures of upper body strength and endurance; and (c) the attribute variables which best predict scores for the three measures of upper body strength and endurance. Subjects were 104 elementary school children in Grades 1 through 6. Percentages of children obtaining zero scores were computed. Intercorrelations among the attribute and upper body strength and endurance variables were examined for significance and effect size. For each of the three measures of upper body strength and endurance, a max R2 forward stepwise, multiple regression analysis was performed to identify which attribute variables best predict the score of that particular measure. Analyses indicated that age and percent body fat were the best predictors of pull-up and flexed-arm hang scores, whereas age and body mass index best predicted the modified pull-up score.
Use of Space in Open Field by Zebra Finches
Authors: Rifá H. , Alonso Y. , Ortega J. E. , Naranjo J. M.
Published: August 2011

This paper is a descriptive study of the spatial preferences of the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, when exposed to a novel environment. 18 subjects were observed in a cubic open field of 1 × 1 × 1 m during four 30-min. sessions. Two spatial variables were considered, height and center/periphery. Data show that birds did not position themselves randomly in the open field but chose more frequently the central and higher part of the enclosure and that general activity was greater when the animal was in the center rather than on the periphery. There were no sex differences in the height preferred, but females spent significantly more time in the center than did males. The type of activity engaged in by the birds was also important in relation to the place occupied.
Changes in the Self-Reported Consistency of Normal Habitual Sleep Duration of College Students (1978 and 1992)
Authors: Hicks Roberta. , Johnson Crystal , Pellegrini Robert J.
Published: August 2011

Changes in the consistency of self-reported sleep habits within two large samples of 763 and 782 college students were assessed for 1978 and 1992. Noteworthy changes over the 14-yr. period included significant decreases in the percentage of students who claimed stable (⩾ 5-year) sleep-duration habits and the percentage reporting satisfaction with their sleep.
Types of Percept-Genetic Defenses in Self-Defeating Personality Disorder
Authors: Rubino I. Alex , Savino Maria Luisa , Pezzarossa Bianca
Published: August 2011

The Defense Mechanism Test was administered to 20 subjects with a psychometric diagnosis of self-defeating personality disorder and to 40 controls with evidence of other personality disturbances. The groups did not differ on sex distribution, age, or education. The following two types of repression were significantly more characteristic of the self-defeating group, (1) the hero is seen as an inanimate or rigid being and (2) the hero is disguised or masked. Codings of introaggression and other major defensive variables did not discriminate between groups.
Apprehension about Communication and the Need for Cognition
Authors: Wycoff Edgar B.
Published: August 2011

Examining the relationship between apprehension about communication and need for cognition of 50 Florida college undergraduates indicated the two characteristics are inversely related. Implications of an r of 326 for research and further validating assessment of apprehension about communication were discussed.
Students' Ratings of College Services and Their Scores on Handwriting Areas
Authors: Mandeville Richard G. , Stutler Douglas L. , Peeples E. Edward
Published: August 2011

244 student volunteers rated their involvement in eight advising and counseling services at the University of Northern Colorado and gave a sample of their handwriting. On the Student Services Use Questionnaire they rated each service as to use, duration, satisfaction, and effectiveness. Eight measures of handwriting were correlated with the four sets of ratings. Values showing little or no relation to use, duration or effectiveness, but six of the eight correlations with students' satisfaction were significant. The significance was due primarily to larger ovals in nine of the handwritten letters. This enlarged aspect of handwriting may be associated with emotionally immature students.
Contributions to the History of Psychology: XCI. Gestalt Psychology and Art Education: Adelbert Ames and Hoyt Sherman
Authors: McWhinnie Harold J.
Published: August 2011

The inventions and influence of Hoy: Sherman in teaching art students how to draw which he enriched through his contacts with Adelbert Ames are outlined.
Effects of Sex of Subject, Sex of Interrupter, and Topic of Conversation on the Perceptions of Interruptions
Authors: Chambliss Catherine A. , Feeny Norah
Published: August 2011

This study examined how interruptions (violations in turn taking) are perceived and whether perceptions of interrupters vary by sex of the interrupter, sex of the subject, and the topic (stereotypical male and female topics) of a conversation. Subjects listened to a 21/2-min. audiotape of a conversation and rated the conversants on masculinity, femininity, traditionality, assertiveness, and sociability. Subjects also responded, with ratings, to seven statements related to the conversation and the feelings of the conversants toward one another. Analysis indicated that sex of the subject significantly affects perceptions of the interruption. Regardless of the sex of the interrupter and the topic of the conversation, men had more positive attitudes toward the interrupting than the women. Both sexes rated same sex interrupters more negatively than those of the opposite sex.
Opposing Changes in Past and Future Time Orientations with Age
Authors: Dawson Kim A.
Published: August 2011

The bidirectional model of psychological time, that past and future orientations change in opposite directions with increasing age, was tested. Age was positively related to the number of life experiences recalled by 67 college students from the distant past but was negatively correlated with life experiences expected to occur in the near or distant future. This simultaneous and inverse adjustment of past and future orientations with age adds further support to a bidirectional model consistent with field theory.
Effects of a Cognitive Intervention Package on the Free-Throw Performance of Varsity Basketball Players during Practice and Competition
Authors: Kearns Dwight W. , Crossman Jane
Published: August 2011

To examine the effects of a cognitive intervention package on the free-throw shooting performance of basketball players, with 3 Canadian male university caliber basketball players ages 20, 22, and 24 years, during practice and in competition single-subject multiple-baseline design was implemented. Each subject was introduced to the imagery-rehearsal intervention at different times during the 14-week competitive basketball season. Free-throw data were collected during 50 practice sessions and 32 games. Data from both practice and competitive situations were examined using a comparison of graphed means. In the practice condition an increase in free-throw performance for all three subjects occurred during the posttreatment intervention. In the game condition, Subjects A and B showed posttreatment improvement. The cognitive intervention package consisting of visualization and relaxation can be an effective strategy for improving free-throw performance of some basketball players. Further research should involve control-group examination using a larger sample across a variety of tasks.
A Computer Application for Calculation of the Ego Impairment Index
Authors: Lucente Stephen , Fals-Stewart William
Published: August 2011

A computerized application of the Ego Impairment Index, a measure developed by Perry and Viglione in 1991 to assess functioning of the ego via Rorschach scoring variables is described.
Grip Strength as a Function of 200 Repetitive Trials
Authors: Montazer M. Ali , Thomas John G.
Published: August 2011

A study was done to see how grip strength deteriorates after an extended number of grips. Eight male subjects, all right-handed and 23 to 35 years old, participated. Each subject made 200 grips on a dynamometer at his maximum strength. There were 15-sec. rests between trials. Performance dropped significantly after two trials. There were drops of about 40% and 50% at Trials 100 and 200, respectively. The grip strength/trial relationship is logarithmic as noted by Montazer and Thomas in 1991.
Using Reinforcement and Goal Setting to Increase Proofreading Accuracy
Authors: Zagumny Matthew J. , Johnson C. Merle
Published: August 2011

Proofreading accuracy of 87 undergraduates was significantly increased by goal setting combined with reinforcement, while simple main effects in the 2 × 2 factorial design were not significantly related to increased accuracy.
Is Stuttering Due to a Deficient Comprehension of Linguistic Structures?
Authors: Koopmans M. L. , Slis I. H. , Rietveld A. C. M.
Published: August 2011

The results of two studies with 19 stutterers of two educational levels show that stutterers with more education stutter less but judge boundary depths in sentences better than stutterers with less education. This finding suggests that, among stutterers, the amount of stuttering and the comprehension of linguistic structures correlate negatively. These results gave rise to the loaded assumption that stuttering may be based on a deficiency in central linguistic processes. However, a third study with 20 nonstutterers leads to the conclusion that this does not hold for the imaginable continuum from nonstuttering to stuttering: for both educational levels nonstutterers do not differ from stutterers in judging constituent boundaries. This outcome does not support that stuttering may be based on a shortcoming in central linguistic processes but rather on a shortcoming in speech production at the level of articulation.
Potentially Relevant Alternative Interpretation of Infants' Addition and Subtraction
Authors: Ferraro F. Richard
Published: August 2011

An alternative interpretation of Wynn's 1992 data is proposed using earlier work from other laboratories.
Thoughts on Perceptual Influences of Colored Paper
Authors: Dunwoody Lynn
Published: August 2011

Much of the material one reads is in black and white. It is proposed that the color of paper may influence perception and performance on pen-and-paper tasks.
Transcendental Meditation™ and General Meditation are Associated with Enhanced Complex Partial Epileptic-Like Signs: Evidence for “Cognitive” Kindling?
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

The Personal Philosophy Inventories of 221 university students who had learned to meditate (about 65% to 70% Transcendental Meditation) were compared to 860 nonmeditators. Meditators displayed a significantly wider range of complex partial epileptic-like signs. Experiences of vibrations, hearing one's name called, paranormal phenomena, profound meaning from reading poetry/prose, and religious phenomenology were particularly frequent among meditators. Numbers of years of TM practice were significantly correlated with the incidence of complex partial signs and sensed presences but not with control, olfactory, or perseverative experiences. The results support the hypothesis that procedures which promote cognitive kindling enhance complex partial epileptic-like signs.
Stability of Optimism and Choice of Coping Strategy
Authors: Billingsley Kathleen D. , Waehler Charles A. , Hardin Susan I.
Published: August 2011

Dispositional optimism and choice of coping strategies were measured twice to test the hypothesis that optimists and pessimists routinely use different methods of coping with stressful events and that these choices are stable over time. 82 participants completed a measure of optimism (LOT) and of coping strategy choice (COPE) at each of two sessions, four weeks apart. Repeated-measures t tests showed that overall the self-reports of dispositional optimism and all 15 coping strategy factors were stable over the four-week period. In addition, all 16 scales were significantly related to the first administration at follow-up. Regarding the relation between the 15 coping factors and optimism, five remained significantly correlated with optimism at both testings, five remained uncorrelated with optimism at both testings, and five showed minor changes in magnitude of their correlation (and statistical significance) at both testings.
Comparing Two Putting Styles for Putting Accuracy
Authors: Gwyn Robert G. , Patch Charles E.
Published: August 2011

The accuracy of two different putting styles, golf's standard style, using a conventional putter with a pendulum stroke, versus using a pendulum stroke with the relatively new long putter (52 in.), was compared for 60 men and 28 women in beginning college physical education golf classes. A nine-hole Bermuda grass putting green had holes ranging in distance from 2 to 50 ft. Each student was given a score card (1) for recording the results on each hole, and (2) which listed a random assignment of the order of putting style for each hole. Also, for two specific holes of 15 feet and 50 feet, the distance at which the balls stopped away from the cup was measured. An analysis of variance of mean total putting scores gave no significant difference between putting styles or between styles on the short and long distances to holes when first putts were measured. The traditional method of putting may not be the best technique for all beginning golfers; other methods such as using a long putter may be as effective.
A Replay of the Baseball Data
Authors: Coren Stanley , Halpern Diane F.
Published: August 2011

Fudin, Renninger, Lembessis, and Hirshon (1993) reported a nonsignificant longevity advantage for right-handers in their analysis of archival baseball data, although the absolute values are still in the predicted direction. Differences in specific data entries and analyses are difficult to resolve; however, there is some indication that the data base that they analyzed differs from that in our study. Further, their use of parametric statistics, given distributional problems and grossly unequal group sizes, may account for the nonsignificance they observed, when compared to the nonparametric analyses that we used. While we considered our original study a pilot project, the literature now contains hundreds of studies that show that left-handedness is associated with a wide range of health-risk factors including serious accidents, immune system disorders, and birth-related complications that involve reduced oxygen. A recent study of the archival records of over 3000 cricket players showed a significant advantage of over 2 years in longevity for right-handed cricket players. On the basis of these findings, we still believe that left-handedness is a marker for reduced longevity.
Average Diurnal Changes in Melatonin Levels are Associated with Hourly Incidence of Bereavement Apparitions: Support for the Hypothesis of Temporal (Limbic) Lobe Microseizuring
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Transient suppressions of nocturnal melatonin levels due to enhanced geomagnetic activity have been suggested as the precipitating source of experiences of postmortem (bereavement) apparitions when the brain has been sensitized (grief) by elevations of the epileptogenic neuropeptide, corticotrophin-releasing factor. Although the hourly incidence of subjective experiences of telepathy, precognition, and bereavement apparitions were all significantly correlated with published indices of hourly melatonin levels, only the significant association between melatonin levels and apparitions was not changed when the other two classes of psi experiences were held constant.
Failure to Demonstrate Gender Differences in Interference to Information-Processing of Body-Shape Stimuli
Authors: Ben-Tovim David I. , Walker M. Kay , Douros George
Published: August 2011

The Stroop test was adapted to assess disruption to processing of body-shape stimuli. Women are usually considered to be more concerned with personal body-shape and weight issues than men. This analysis yielded no differences between men and women when processing body-shapes and weight stimuli.
Differential Effects of Aging on Two Verbal Fluency Tasks
Authors: Tomer Rachel , Levin Bonnie E.
Published: August 2011

The effect of age on verbal fluency was studied in 84 healthy volunteers, ages 45 to 91 years, who performed letter-fluency and semantic-fluency tasks. Older subjects (75 to 91 yr.) performed as well as younger (50 to 64 yr.) on letter fluency but did significantly worse on semantic category fluency. This pattern is similar to that observed in Alzheimer-type dementia.
Theoretical Parallels between the Ponzo Illusion and the Wundt-Jastrow Illusion
Authors: Pick David F. , Pierce Kent A.
Published: August 2011

Misapplied-size-constancy, assimilation, and contrast theories are discussed as explanations for the Wundt-Jastrow and Ponzo illusions. An experiment is reported that questions the need to include a contrast function in the assimilation theory of Pressey and Wilson to account for the Wundt-Jastrow illusion. Several directions for further research are proposed.
Scores on Exercise Dependence among Dancers
Authors: Pierce Edgar F. , Daleng Myra L. , McGowan Robert W.
Published: August 2011

A number of researchers have suggested that the syndrome of exercise dependence (addiction) is paralleled by a tendency towards eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. As considerable research has reported a high incidence of eating disorders among dancers and as rigorous physical demands are inherent in dance, we hypothesized that dancers would present a higher profile of exercise dependence on the Negative Addiction Scale than other athletes. To test this hypothesis, 47 female ballet and modern dancers completed a survey on exercise dependence adapted from Hailey and Bailey (1982) to assess quantitatively exercise dependence. Scores were compared with those obtained from 39 female endurance (running) athletes and 16 female nonendurance (field hockey) athletes. Significantly higher scores on dependence for dancers than for endurance or nonendurance athletes were noted. The data indicate that dancers may be at greater risk for psychophysiological problems associated with exercise dependence than other athletes and so should be monitored for symptoms.
Handedness and Sexual Preference: A Re-Analysis of Data Presented by Rosenstein and Bigler
Authors: Daniel Walter F. , Yeo Ronald A.
Published: August 2011

Rosenstein and Bigler reported in 1987 that sexual orientation (exclusively versus nonexclusively heterosexual) was not related to right- versus nonright-handedness. However, re-analysis of their published data indicated that nonexclusive heterosexuals were 3.13 times more likely to be nonright-handed than were exclusively heterosexual subjects ( p < .03).
Gender Differences in Test Anxiety among South African University Students
Authors: Mwamwenda Tuntufye S.
Published: August 2011

Prior research has shown a sex difference in scores on test anxiety, with men having a lower mean score than women. The present study was undertaken to confirm such a difference among African university students, but the t ratio was nonsignificant for means of 28.4 for men and 28.0 for women ( SDs of 5.3 and 5.0).
Emotional Behavior during the Learning of a Contingency Task in a Chimpanzee
Authors: Itakura Shoji
Published: August 2011

A female chimpanzee's behavior was videotaped during the learning of contingency tasks and used to code her facial expressions, vocal expressions, and other behavior. The chimpanzee showed negative emotional behaviors to negative feedback and seemed to depend not only on the lack of food as reward. The most negative emotional situation for the chimpanzee seemed to be one in which she made an error.
Children's Creative Thinking and Color Discrimination
Authors: Cameron Bruce A. , Brown Donna M. , Carson David K. , Meyer Sonya S. , Bittner Marx T.
Published: August 2011

60 children in Grades 3 through 6 from two schools were administered the Farnsworth Munsell 100-Hue Test and teachers provided a measure of different aspects of each child's creative thinking on the Williams Scale of Children's Divergent Thinking. Fluency and imagination scores were positively associated with color discrimination. While other dimensions of creative thinking did not correlate with color discrimination, some correlations suggested thematic connections between color discrimination and other manifestations of creative thinking as evaluated by teachers. Color discrimination was also positively associated with age, as older children differentiated between small differences in colors better than younger children. As intelligence or other variables may be relevant, further study is needed.
Time Perception: Effects of Task Speed and Delay
Authors: Pedri Sue , Hesketh Beryl
Published: August 2011

The study examined the effect of task speed and delay on the perception of time. 60 subjects were randomly allocated to four groups in a 2 × 2 design. The first factor related to the speed of the task (fast or slow) undertaken during the time to be estimated, while the second factor related to when time estimates were obtained (immediately after the task versus following a delay). Analysis supported the hypothesised interaction, with time estimates being shorter in the fast than in the slow condition when obtained immediately after the task but longer in the fast than the slow condition when obtained after a delay. Results are discussed in relation to cognitive theories of time perception.
Young Children's Human Figure Drawings and Cognitive Development
Authors: Chappell Patricia A. , Steitz Jean A.
Published: August 2011

The age-stage relationship between young children's human figure drawings and Piaget's levels of cognitive development was investigated using 45 young children ages 4 through 6 years Analyses indicated a distinct monotonic trend between cognitive stage and drawing level; as cognitive ability increased so did drawing level. This suggests that children's human figure drawings can be a simple tool for the quick assessment of cognitive levels in young children.
Attention and Visual Dominance in Motor Learning
Authors: Tloczynski Joseph
Published: August 2011

Two experiments examined the role of attention in visual dominance during motor learning. On the movement task 10 acquisition trials were given; each included a movement presentation and a blindfolded reproduction. After completion of acquisition trials and a 5-min. interval, subjects were given 5 retention trials with reproduction attempts only. In Exp. 1, subjects receiving only kinesthetic information during movement presentation reproduced criterion movement length more accurately than subjects receiving visual and kinesthetic information. Other subjects, presented both visual and kinesthetic stimuli for the movement, were given instructions to ignore vision and focus on kinesthesis. These subjects exhibited no effects of visual dominance in reproductions. In Exp. 2, subjects were presented visual and kinesthetic stimuli during half of the movement presentations and only kinesthetic stimuli during the other half. They did not exhibit the effects of visual dominance in reproductions. Such effects in motor learning may be modified by manipulation of attention or an alternating presentation of specific sensory stimuli.
Association between Physical Activity and Blood Pressure in Normotensive Adults
Authors: Martin John E. , Patten Christi A. , Armstrong Colin A.
Published: August 2011

In 18 normotensive adults (15 women, 3 men), higher levels of habitual physical activity were significantly associated with lower diastolic blood pressure, but not with systolic blood pressure or resting heart rate.
Effect of Visual Cues with the WAIS—R Digit Span Subtest
Authors: Fenwick Teresa L. , Holmes Cooper B.
Published: August 2011

The WAIS—R Digit Span subtest was administered to 43 women and 31 men, ages 18 or 19 years, under standard conditions (examiner facing the person) and with the examiner sitting behind the person to eliminate possible visual cues as the examiner read the numbers. Analysis of variance of the total digits recalled indicated no differences between the sexes or between the two methods of presentation.
Measurement of Handedness via Self-Report: The Relationship between Brief and Extended Inventories
Authors: Coren Stanley
Published: August 2011

Three self-report measures of handedness were explored. For simple dichotomous classification into right- versus left-handed groups, a brief (4-item) and an extended (12-item) inventory produced 98.8% classification concordance in a sample of 250 subjects. When handedness was treated as a continuous variable, indexes based upon the short and expanded scales correlated highly ( r = 0.95). A single-item handedness measure was also created which produced handedness classifications which were better than 97% concordant with the brief and extended handedness scales for dichotomous classification. The methodological implications of these findings for handedness measurement are discussed.
Gender Differences in Accuracy of Identification and Rated Intensity of Facial Expressions
Authors: Duhaney Althea , McKelvie Stuart J.
Published: August 2011

For 15 women and 15 men, accuracy of identification and rated intensity did not differ for the primary emotions. However, accuracy was lower for anger than for the others, possibly because it was expressed less intensely.
Effect of Verbal Interpretation on Recall and Recognition of Ambiguous Pictorial Stimuli
Authors: De Santis Mario V. , Haude Richard H.
Published: August 2011

66 subjects characterized as either good or poor visualizers were presented ambiguous pictorial stimuli accompanied by either a verbal interpretation or no interpretation. Both recall and recognition measures for the stimuli were obtained. Good visualizers showed superior recall and recognition compared with poor visualizers in the absence of verbal interpretation. Good and poor visualizers did not differ on either measure of memory when an interpretation accompanied the stimuli. Good visualizers performed equally well either with or without an interpretation, while poor visualizers performed significantly better with an interpretation.
Is the Self Essential? Handling Reductionism
Authors: Tloczynski Joseph
Published: August 2011

The nature of the self has been addressed by persons in various areas of psychology. The explanatory constructs have often reduced the self to other phenomena or structures. The self has been reduced to biology, cognition, social functioning, personal history, and consciousness. However, there are theories which characterize the self as an agent which is not simply reducible to its functions and supporting structures. The difference between reductionistic and nonreductionistic theories is the difference between a self who is created by awareness and behavior and a self who becomes aware and creates behavior. Most theories of personality argue on one side or the other. There are also theories which simply ignore the argument and use the term “self” vaguely. This article argues for a unitive concept of the self as essence, which precedes existence on all levels of functioning. It is argued that our essential nature is akin to that which has been termed spiritual.
Reply to Fudin's Comments on Hudesman, Page, and Rautianen's Experiment on the Use of Subliminal Psychodynamic Activation to Enhance Mathematics Learning
Authors: Hudesman John , Page Warren
Published: August 2011

Fudin in 1993 raises a number of methodological concerns that he believes limit the generalizability of the 1992 results obtained by Hudesman, Page, and Rautianen. We believe that the conclusions presented are appropriate to the procedures and results.
Reaction + Movement-Time and Sidedness in Shotokan Karate Students
Authors: Layton Clive
Published: August 2011

Reaction + movement-times on four counter-offensive techniques of Shotokan karate were found not to differ with regard to sidedness, despite right-sided bias in such techniques in Shotokan kata (forms) previously recorded, and with no attempt to correct the bias in basics and/or sparring over a long period.
Neuropsychological Consequences of the Exposure of a Group of Telephonists to Unusual Auditory Stimuli
Authors: Kaprinis G. , Tzavaras A.
Published: August 2011

A group of 144 right-handed telephone operators reported a number of psychosomatic complaints after long-lasting unusual presentation of auditory stimuli to their left ears during working hours. The main finding of the study of their hemisphere organisation for verbal stimuli, as measured by dichotic listening to pairs of digits, is that the group displayed a clear shift of the right-ear preference to the left and differed significantly from the control group of 40 persons. The finding was verified by a follow-up study conducted eight years later.
Tactile Line-Bisection in Normal Subjects
Authors: Levander Maria , Tegnér Richard , Caneman Görel
Published: August 2011

The effects of spatial position, handedness, and hand of performance were assessed in 36 normal subjects using a tactile line-bisection task described in 1980 by Bowers and Heilman. An interaction between hand of performance and spatial position indicated that both hemispace and anatomical pathways determine laterality effects. Neither the left-hand superiority nor the leftward error in the midline condition by both hands found in an earlier study could be observed here. Only right-handers were influenced by starting condition, which in this setting acted as a spatial cue. Finally, some subjects used nonspatial strategies, a confounding factor that needs evaluation in further studies.
Personality and the Barron-Welsh Art Scale
Authors: Eysenck H. J. , Furnham A.
Published: August 2011

For 62 students scores on the Barron-Welsh Art Scale, a measure of creativity, were correlated with scores on the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. As predicted, psychoticism correlated positively with Art Scale scores, while extraversion and neuroticism did not.
Restricted Environmental Stimulation Technique Improves Human Performance: Rifle Marksmanship
Authors: Barabasz Arreed , Barabasz Marianne , Bauman James
Published: August 2011

This study controlled for relaxation and guided imagery confounds noted in much previous research on enhancement of human performance using the restricted environmental stimulation technique (REST). Dry flotation REST was used where subjects lay (“floated”) on a salt-water-filled bladder in a sound-attenuated, light-free chamber. 9 men and 3 women in a rifle marksmanship training course, exposed to dry-flotation REST, showed significantly higher rifle marksmanship scores than the university students who as matched controls were exposed to relaxation (9 men and 3 women). Further, only the former showed a significant pre- to posttest improvement in scores, which suggests REST's positive effects on marksmanship go beyond the induction of relaxation by hypnosis. The results support hypotheses summarized in 1982 by Barabasz regarding potentiation by REST of internally generated imagery and subsequent improvement observed in a nonREST posttest environment.
Assessing Similarity and Middle-School Students' Self-Perceived Academic Competence
Authors: Hixon Jon E.
Published: August 2011

An index of similarity can measure absolute agreement between pairs (e.g., student-teacher, student-parent, student-peer) on corresponding self-report items related to perceived academic competence. Differing similarity between pairs may affect middle-school students' self-perception of actual scholastic competence and achievement.
Trajectory Formation of Vertical Arm Movements through a Via-Point: A Limit of Validity of the Minimum-Jerk Model
Authors: Furuna Taketo , Nagasaki Hiroshi
Published: August 2011

The minimum-jerk model predicts the smoothest trajectory for a class of human movements and so provides us with a kinematic measurement of skilled motor performance. To establish the limits of the model's validity, the predicted and experimentally defined movement trajectories and the joint coordination were compared in two-joint arm movements, bringing the hand from the initial position to the final position through a specified point (a via-point). Kinematic data of the movements were obtained through the SELSPOT system. The movement path, tangential velocity, and coordinated change in positions of the shoulder and elbow joints evidently deviated from those predicted by the model. These results suggest that the minimum-jerk model is not valid for movements under extreme conditions which are highly dependent on musculoskeletal dynamics.
Vectorial Cerebral Hemisphericity as Differential Sources for the Sensed Presence, Mystical Experiences and Religious Conversions
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

Multiple variants of the sensed presence often precede mystical and religious experiences that are frequently followed by sudden, permanent changes in self-concept. The model of vectorial hemisphericity assumes that the relative metabolic activity of synaptic patterns between the cerebral hemispheres at the time of transient interhemispheric intercalation determines the affect, content, and type of experience. Depending upon the relative activity of the two hemispheres, intrusions of the right hemispheric equivalent of the left hemispheric (and linguistic) sense of self generate experiential phenomena that include “evil entities,” gods, out-of-body experiences, and alterations in space-time. Conditions that facilitate interhemispheric intercalation and the generation of these experiences are discussed.
Laterality for Music Perception in Musicians, Mathematicians, and Dancers: Jumping to Conclusions
Authors: Gordon Harold W.
Published: August 2011

Group differences for ear asymmetries for a melodies task were reported for talented music, mathematics, and dance students. Evidence is presented that it is premature to conclude that these group differences were the result of specialized training in their areas of expertise.
Talkative Children: Verbal Fluency as a Marker for Problematic Peer Relationships in Clinic-Referred Children with Attention Deficits
Authors: Sandler Adrian D. , Hooper Stephen R. , Watson Thomas E , Coleman William L. , Footo Marianna , Levine Melvin D.
Published: August 2011

The relationships between attention deficits, hyperactivity, neurodevelopmental performance, and problematic peer relationships were examined in 99 consecutive children (ages 9 to 11 years) referred for school problems to a clinic. Using a teachers' rating scale, 32 children with cognitive inattention and a comparison group of 67 children without cognitive inattention were identified. The former group comprised children who met criteria for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The latter group comprised children with learning disorders and school problems, 42 of whom did not meet criteria for ADHD. Analysis indicated that the study group had greater peer problems, as estimated by teachers' ratings, than the comparison group. Cognitive inattention was related to peer problems over and above the effects of hyperactivity. Neurodevelopmental predictors of peer problems were different among children with ADHD and those without ADHD. Among children with ADHD, proficiency in tasks of verbal fluency was significantly predictive of peer problems. These preliminary findings suggest that children showing teacher-rated cognitive inattention also manifest significant peer problems and that the presence of strong verbal fluency may make these children prone to inappropriate excessive talking and, subsequently, to alienation of peers.
Differences in Lingual Vibrotactile Thresholds of Sensitivity Using Adjusted Vs Fixed Methods of Vibrator Probe-Contactor Alignment
Authors: Fucci Donald , Petrosino Linda , Underwood Gail
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare lingual vibrotactile thresholds of sensitivity obtained using individual subject adjustments of vibrator probecontactor to lingual surface, with thresholds obtained using a fixed vibrator probe-contactor position across 30 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 26 yr. ( M age = 20 yr.). Analysis showed minor (less than 5 dB SPL) differences in lingual vibrotactile thresholds of sensitivity between the two methods of vibrator probe-contactor alignment. For research purposes, the vibrator probe-contactor assembly should be adjusted to each individual's lingual surface, but for clinical-behavioral purposes, it might be sensible to use a fixed vibrator probe-contactor position across subjects, especially when performing research on young children, older adults, and the communicatively handicapped.
Microgenetic Styles of Regulation among Two Nonpsychotic Psychiatric Groups
Authors: Rubino I. Alex , Verucci Monica , Fortuna Enzo
Published: August 2011

The serial version of the Color-Word Test was employed to assess the regulative styles (or adaptive patterns) of two nonpsychotic psychiatric groups, one with Panic Disorder and Agoraphobia, the other without either of the latter two diagnoses. Agoraphobics ( n = 30) were individually matched for sex, age, and education with nonagoraphobic patients and with nonclinical controls. Compared with normals, nonagoraphobic patients had fewer Stabilized (S) and more Cumulative-Dissociative (CD) Primary Types, fewer Cumulative (Cr) and more Dissociative (Dr) and Cumulative-Dissociative R-types (CDr), more Dissociative V-types (Dv). The agoraphobic sample showed styles more akin to those of normal persons than to the other psychiatric group with the exception of an elevated frequency of R-Dissociation (Vr type). Interestingly, very low scores on several secondary variables were more frequent in the clinical groups than in the nonclinical sample.
Symbol Use in a Case of Elective Mutism
Authors: Atlas Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

A case of elective mutism in a 4-yr.-old girl is discussed with reference to symbol use in the phenomenology and treatment of this disorder. Findings are related to current controversies regarding the classification of this rare disorder, which may be associated with more severe psychotic-spectrum disorders of childhood.
Vividness of Visual Imagery for Faces as a Predictor of Facial Recognition Memory Performance: A Revised View
Authors: McKelvie Stuart J.
Published: August 2011

This paper presents a re-analysis of previously reported data in which the mean correlation over 10 experiments between vividness of visual imagery for faces and facial recognition memory was .247. When task accuracy was consistently scored to eliminate false-alarms, the correlation dropped to .145, although it remained above zero. Since the vividness/task confidence correlation of .176 was also significant, it is suggested that the weak vividness/accuracy relationship may reflect different processing requirements in the vividness and recognition tasks and subjectivity of the vividness rating scale.
Large-Scale Demonstration Experiment of Mental Imagery Ability
Authors: Ferraro F. Richard
Published: August 2011

The present article describes a demonstration experiment used in a large introductory psychology class pertaining to mental imagery ability. The experiment is effective in providing a concrete instance of mental imagery as well as an effective discussion regarding individual differences and gender differences in imagery ability.
Learning Styles of Gifted Adolescents with In-School versus Out-of-School Accomplishments in Literature
Authors: Hong Eunsook , Perkins Peggy G. , Milgram Roberta M.
Published: August 2011

The learning styles of two groups of adolescents gifted in literature, one composed of subjects with high grade point averages in school in literature ( n = 232) and one of subjects who had high scores on talented out-of-school accomplishments in literature ( n = 192), were compared. Six of the 22 elements measured by the Learning Styles Inventory distinguished between the two groups. The out-of-school gifted group preferred to work with peers and felt comfortable learning in a variety of different ways. They tended to be less visual and more auditory learners and expressed a greater preference to learn by experiential or hands-on activities than the in-school gifted group. The implications for teaching and counseling gifted learners, differently defined, are discussed.
Gender- and Age-Specific Changes in Motor Speed and Eye-Hand Coordination in Adults: Normative Values for the Finger Tapping and Grooved Pegboard Tests
Authors: Ruff Ronald M. , Parker Stephen B.
Published: August 2011

Normative values for the Finger Tapping and Grooved Pegboard Tests were developed on a sample of 360 normal volunteers stratified according to gender, three educational groups ranging from 7 to 22 years, and four age groups subdivided between the ages of 16 to 70 years. Retest reliability was estimated for both measures. The Finger Tapping Test showed significant gender differences, since women were substantially slower, particularly in the older age groups. On the Grooved Pegboard Test, a converse gender difference was noted, since women were substantially faster than men. A smaller effect with increasing age resulted, and better educated individuals performed faster. If these motor and visuomotor tests are to be applied, then stratified normative estimates need to be implemented to provide viable clinical judgements.
Constructivism, Contextualism, and Applied Developmental Psychology
Authors: Aldridge Jerry
Published: August 2011

Constructivism and contextualism name two models for research in applied developmental psychology. Recommendations are made for including both the constructivist and contextualist perspectives in research.
Spanish Children's Scores on Children's Embedded Figures and Rod and Frame Tests
Authors: Amador-Campos Juan Antonio , Kirchner-Nebot Teresa
Published: August 2011

The Children's Embedded Figures Test and the Rod and Frame Test were administered to 179 boys and 110 girls of an average age of 9.03 years to measure field dependence-independence. No significant gender-related differences were found on either test. Scores on these tests were moderately and significantly correlated.
Postconstruction Validation of Photomontage Simulations
Authors: Stamps Arthur E.
Published: August 2011

Validation of simulation media is of concern to many environmental planners and researchers. Using results from an actual architectural competition, this article correlated preferences obtained from various preconstruction media with preferences obtained from as-built photographs. The photomontage medium performed the best with a correlation of .94.
Read and React: The Football Formula
Authors: Bjurwill Christer
Published: August 2011

This essay is focused on the problems of vision and intelligence in football (soccer). One-touch play is the type of football that we are to see more often in the future. To prepare the players for such play, both managers and coaches must notice the importance of technical speed and tactical creativity.
Can Short-Range Intentions Predict Physical Activity Participation?
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , McAuley Edward
Published: August 2011

This study examined the issue of proximity of intention in the physical activity domain by employing both short-range (2 and 3 days) and longer range (4 weeks) intentions in the prediction of participation in physical activity. Subjects were 42 undergraduate students who completed intention and physical activity assessments every class (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday) for six weeks and also a single assessment four weeks apart. Analysis indicated that short-range intention is a better predictor of physical activity than is the longer range intention; however, even the short-range intention-physical activity correlations were only of modest magnitude. Interpretation of the results focused on the potential nonvolitional nature of physical activity and the possible role of perceived behavioral control and behavioral expectation.
Does Cigarette Smoking Increase Sleep Problems?
Authors: Lexcen Frances J. , Hicks Robert A.
Published: August 2011

Cigarette smoking has been associated with delayed sleep onset and diminished sleep duration, primarily on the bases of responses to one-shot questionnaires. This study used a survey format of daily diaries to observe sleep quality. 29 smokers were matched for age, ethnicity, and gender with 29 nonsmokers. Both groups recorded information on cigarette, alcohol, caffeine consumption, daily stress, and sleep quality. While the results showed that smokers were more likely to experience poor sleep than nonsmokers, these data are difficult to interpret because smokers also used significantly greater amounts of alcohol and caffeine.
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid) Effects on Behavioral Thermoregulation with Microwave Radiation
Authors: Vitulli William F. , Laconsay Kendra L. M. , Agnew Andrea C. , Henderson Mary E. , Quinn Joseph M. , Holland Brooke E. , Depace A. Nicholas
Published: August 2011

Aspirin is a widely used over-the-counter drug in our society which has wide therapeutic value, yet not all of the behavioralside effects have been studied. Different doses of aspirin solutions were administered (ip) prior to fixed-interval 2-min. schedules of microwave reinforcement in rats tested in a cold environment. Four Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned to regulate their thermal environment with 5-sec. exposures of MW reinforcement. Friedman's nonparametric test showed significant differences among aspirin and saline-control doses. Post hoc sign tests showed that a moderate dose of aspirin increased operant behavior reinforced by MW radiation, yet lower and higher doses decreased and then increased the rate of responding which resulted in an inverted U-shaped trend. Possible multiple effects of aspirin in terms of its thermoregulatory as well as its pain-tolerance properties, and implications for hypothalamic “set point” are discussed.