bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentistry and HIV/AIDS related stigma
Authors: Elizondo Jesus Eduardo , Treviño Ana Cecilia , Violant Deborah
Published: October 2015

OBJECTIVE To analyze HIV/AIDS positive individual’s perception and attitudes regarding dental services.METHODS One hundred and thirty-four subjects (30.0% of women and 70.0% of men) from Nuevo León, Mexico, took part in the study (2014). They filled out structured, analytical, self-administered, anonymous questionnaires. Besides the sociodemographic variables, the perception regarding public and private dental services and related professionals was evaluated, as well as the perceived stigma associated with HIV/AIDS, through a Likert-type scale. The statistical evaluation included a factorial and a non-hierarchical cluster analysis.RESULTS Social inequalities were found regarding the search for public and private dental professionals and services. Most subjects reported omitting their HIV serodiagnosis and agreed that dentists must be trained and qualified to treat patients with HIV/AIDS. The factorial analysis revealed two elements: experiences of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments and feelings of concern regarding the attitudes of professionals or their teams concerning patients’ HIV serodiagnosis. The cluster analysis identified three groups: users who have not experienced stigma or discrimination (85.0%); the ones who have not had those experiences, but feel somewhat concerned (12.7%); and the ones who underwent stigma and discrimination and feel concerned (2.3%).CONCLUSIONS We observed a low percentage of stigma and discrimination in dental appointments; however, most HIV/AIDS patients do not reveal their serodiagnosis to dentists out of fear of being rejected. Such fact implies a workplace hazard to dental professionals, but especially to the very own health of HIV/AIDS patients, as dentists will not be able to provide them a proper clinical and pharmaceutical treatment.
GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE CAPIM-ARROZ SUBMETIDAS A CONDIÇÕES DE LUZ E TEMPERATURA
Authors: BASTIANI M. O. , LAMEGO F. P. , NUNES J. P. , MOURA D. S. , WICKERT R. J. , OLIVEIRA J. I.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e da luz na germinação de sementes de capim-arroz, em diferentes períodos de armazenamento após a dispersão. O trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos: no primeiro avaliou-se o efeito de três temperaturas (15, 25 e 35 oC) e duas condições de luz (presença e ausência) na porcentagem de germinação, comprimento de hipocótilo e comprimento de radícula; e, no segundo, avaliouse o efeito de três temperaturas (15, 25 e 35 oC) no índice de velocidade de germinação e na velocidade de germinação. As sementes foram coletadas em campo logo após o início da dispersão natural. Os estudos foram conduzidos aos 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 e 360 dias após a colheita das sementes. Aos 30 dias após a colheita não houve germinação, independentemente das condições de luz e temperatura. A partir de 60 dias após a colheita, as sementes germinaram tanto na presença quanto na ausência de luz. A ausência de luz promoveu o aumento no comprimento de hipocótilo, independentemente da temperatura. Sob condição de temperatura de 15 oC e ausência de luz, as sementes apresentaram maior comprimento de radícula. O incremento da temperatura proporcionou aumento no índice de velocidade de germinação e na velocidade de germinação das sementes. O entendimento dos fatores que afetam a germinação do capim-arroz contribui para o desenvolvimento de práticas de manejo cultural dessa importante espécie daninha que interfere em algumas culturas, incluindo a soja cultivada em rotação com o arroz irrigado.
FOOD PREFERENCE AND CONSUMPTION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES SUBMERGED BY SNAIL Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: CRUZ C. , SILVA A. F. , VENTURINI F. P. , GARLICH N. , PITELLI R. L. C. M. , PITELLI R. A.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the consumption potential, food preference and use of snail Pomacea canaliculata as a biocontrol agent of four submerged aquatic macrophytes (Ceratophyllumdemersum, Egeriadensa, Egerianajas and Hydrilla verticillata). Two experiments were performed. In the first experiment, the introduction of a snail took place and 10 grams of each macrophyte in plastic containers with 1 liter of water. The assessments of consumption by the snail were performed at each 48 hours, during 12 days. The second experiment was performed in 600 liters microcosms containing five snails in each experimental unit. Fifty grams of each macrophyte were offered the snails at the same time, adding the same amounts after seven, 14, 21 and 30 days. On both trials, the most consumed macrophyte by the P.canaliculata was H.verticillata (7.64 ± 1.0 g 48 h and 50 ± 0.18 g) respectively, significantly differing from the others. However, in the absence of H.verticilata, E.najas and E.densa were consumed. The preference of P.canaliculata for H.verticillata is very interesting, because this plant is exotic and problematic in Brazil, and the snail is one more tool for biological management of submerged aquatic macrophyte H.verticillata.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE TÉCNICAS DE ESTIMATIVA DE FRAÇÃO DE COBERTURA VEGETAL POR Urochloa ruziziensis E Urochloa spp.
Authors: LIMA S. F. , TIMOSSI P. C. , ASSUNÇÃO H. F.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO potencial de cobertura vegetal do solo por plantas cultivadas é um parâmetro importante para a seleção de espécies forrageiras adaptadas a uma determinada região. Contudo, uma das restrições de uso dessa variável está associada à adoção da técnica de estimativa, uma vez que existem diferentes formas de cálculo. Diante disso, objetivou-se comparar as frações de cobertura do solo cultivado com Urochloa ruziziensis e Urochloa spp., utilizando-se três técnicas de medida: avaliação visual, avaliação por intercepto ou transecto e avaliação por imagens fotográficas. Para isso, foram conduzidos seis ensaios em campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os ensaios 1, 2 e 3 foram formados pela espécie Urochloa ruziziensis e compostos por três tratamentos, representados pelas três técnicas de medida (visual, por intercepto ou transecto e por imagens fotográficas), com oito repetições. Os ensaios 4, 5 e 6 tiveram arranjo fatorial 2 x 3, sendo o fator A formado por duas espécies de capim-braquiária (Urochloa ruziziensis e Urochloa spp. cv. Mulato II) e o fator B pelas três técnicas de medida (visual, por transecto e por imagens fotográficas), com quatro repetições. As medidas das frações de cobertura do solo foram tomadas aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a semeadura. Constatou-se que, quanto maior a uniformidade da cobertura do solo pelas plantas forrageiras, mais próximos são os valores das frações de cobertura vegetal obtidas pelas três técnicas de estimativa. As técnicas de estimativa visual e por transecto da fração de cobertura do solo foram consideradas semelhantes, já a eficiência da medida pela técnica com imagens fotográficas depende da calibração individual de cada imagem.
ANNUAL GRASSES CONTROL WITH TOPRAMEZONE IN MIXTURE WITH ALS-INHIBITING HERBICIDES
Authors: DAMALAS C. A. , GITSOPOULOS T. K. , KOUTROUBAS S.D. , GEORGOULAS I.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPanicoid grasses are major weeds of maize and sugarcane as well as of several other important grains, including sorghum, pearl millet, and foxtail millet. Pot trials were conducted to study the activity and potential interactions of topramezone in mixture with recommended rates of rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron on three annual panicoid grasses (i.e. Echinochloa oryzoides,E.phyllopogon, and Panicum miliaceum). Target weeds were treated at the four- to five-leaf growth stage. On the basis of fresh weight reduction, topramezone alone provided 78% control of E.oryzoides, 68% control of E.phyllopogon, and 99% control of P.miliaceum. Topramezone plus rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron provided decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. compared with topramezone alone. The decreased control of E.oryzoidesand E.phyllopogon was more pronounced with rimsulfuron as a companion herbicide in the mixtures. Slightly decreased control of P.milaceum was observed with topramezone plus rimsulfuron compared with topramezone alone, but this was not the case for topramezone plus nicosulfuron. Increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron did not improve control of E.oryzoides and E.phyllopogon compared with the lowest topramezone rate. Also, increased topramezone rates mixed with rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron showed decreased control of both Echinochloa spp. when compared with either rimsulfuron or nicosulfuron alone, suggesting a two-way interaction between topramezone and the ALS-inhibiting herbicides. The above-mentioned interaction was not observed in P.miliaceum, probably related with species sensitivity to the herbicides tested. Newly introduced or naturalized panicoid grasses in maize fields may complicate selection of companion herbicides and rates for effective weed control.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO MORFOANATÔMICA, CONTAGEM CROMOSSÔMICA E VIABILIDADE POLÍNICA DE BIÓTIPOS DE AZEVÉM SUSCETÍVEL E RESISTENTES AO HERBICIDA GLYPHOSATE
Authors: RUCHEL Q. , VARGAS L. , AGOSTINETTO D. , FERNANDO J. A. , LÜDTKE R. , BOBROWSKI V. L.
Published: October 2015

RESUMOO azevém é uma planta daninha de ciclo anual, encontrada em praticamente todas as lavouras de inverno, em pomares e vinhedos da região Sul do Brasil. A espécie é normalmente controlada pelo herbicida glyphosate, no entanto, o uso continuado desse produto selecionou biótipos resistentes. Diferenças na suscetibilidade do azevém a herbicidas têm sido atribuídas a características morfológicas, anatômicas e genéticas das plantas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar a caracterização morfoanatômica, adequar metodologia para a análise citológica de cromossomos e indicar corantes para testes de viabilidade polínica de biótipos de azevém suscetível e resistentes ao herbicida glyphosate. As sementes dos biótipos de azevém suspeitos de resistência provieram do município de São Valentin, RS (SVA 1 e SVA 4), e Passo Fundo, RS (PFU 5), e as do biótipo conhecidamente suscetível (SVA 2), de São Valentin. Os biótipos de azevém estudados que apresentam resistência ao herbicida glyphosate não podem ser diferenciados do biótipo suscetível através de aspectos morfológicos, não existindo diferenças anatômicas de folha e raiz que evidenciem possibilidade da absorção diferencial do herbicida glyphosate entre os biótipos de azevém. A metodologia para a análise citológica dos biótipos de azevém merece adequações para melhor nitidez dos cromossomos, podendo-se aumentar o tempo de hidrólise e de exposição ao agente antimitótico utilizado neste trabalho, bem como testar outros agentes. Todos os corantes apresentaram bom desempenho na determinação da viabilidade polínica frente aos biótipos avaliados, exceto o azul de tripan, que subestimou os resultados.
INFLUENCE OF THE GLYPHOSATE FORMULATIONS ON WETTABILITY AND EVAPORATION TIME OF DROPLETS ON DIFFERENT TARGETS
Authors: OLIVEIRA R. B. , DARIO G. , ALVES K. A. , GANDOLFO M. A.
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTEfficiency of weed control can be increased if the herbicide formulation provides higher target coverage and evaporation time that enable an adequate distribution of herbicide on the target plant, allowing the absorption to continue even after the droplets evaporation. The aim of this research was to assess the influence of glyphosate formulations on the wetted area and evaporation time of droplets on different targets. Tests were conducted with droplets sizing from 500 μm containing three formulations of glyphosate (isopropylamine salt, ammonium salt and potassium salt) deposited on three surfaces, two leaves (Bidens pilosa and Cenchrus echinatus) and glass slides. Sequential images analyses were used to quantify the evaporation time and the wetted area. An experimental system was utilized that was composed of a droplet generator, a stereo microscope with a camera to capture images, as well as an environmental chamber controlled for temperature and relative humidity. The kind of glyphosate formulations and target surfaces are crucial in the wetted area and evaporation time. The isopropylamine salt decreased the wetted area and evaporation time when compared with ammonium salt and potassium salt for all the surfaces deposited on. Bidens pilosa allows an increased wetted area for all the glyphosate formulations when compared to Cenchrus echinatus and glass slides.
AIR SCORE ASSESSMENT FOR ACUTE APPENDICITIS
Authors: VON-MÜHLEN Bruno , FRANZON Orli , BEDUSCHI Murilo Gamba , KRUEL Nicolau , LUPSELO Daniel
Published: October 2015

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. Approximately 7% of the population will be affected by this condition during full life. The development of AIR score may contribute to diagnosis associating easy clinical criteria and two simple laboratory tests. Aim: To evaluate the score AIR (Appendicitis Inflammatory Response score) as a tool for the diagnosis and prediction of severity of acute appendicitis. Method: Were evaluated all patients undergoing surgical appendectomy. From 273 patients, 126 were excluded due to exclusion criteria. All patients were submitted o AIR score. Results: The value of the C-reactive protein and the percentage of leukocytes segmented blood count showed a direct relationship with the phase of acute appendicitis. Conclusion: As for the laboratory criteria, serum C-reactive protein and assessment of the percentage of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes count were important to diagnosis and disease stratification.
EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE DIAREM SCORE AS REMISSION PREDICTOR OF DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 IN OBESE PATIENTS UNDERGOING ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS
Authors: SAMPAIO-NETO José , NASSIF Luís Sérgio , BRANCO-FILHO Alcides José , BOLFARINI Luciana Alves , LORO Luiara Stefanelo , SOUZA Mayara Prudêncio de , BIANCO Thais
Published: October 2015

Background : DiaRem score consists in preoperative model for predicting remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese patients who underwent gastric bypass. Aim : To evaluate the applicability of DiaRem comparing the scores obtained preoperatively with remission of T2DM after surgery. Method : Preoperative parameters such as age, use of insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and glycated hemoglobin, were retrospectively evaluated in diabetic patients undergoing gastric bypass during the period between July 2012 to July 2013. Through these data the DiaRem score were applied. The results of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin were requested prospectively. Results : Were selected 70 patients; the remission of T2DM after surgery was found in 42 (60%) and no remission in 28 (40%). Checking the final score, it was observed that: from 0 to 2 points, 94.1% of patients remitted completely; between 3 and 7 had remission in 68.9%, of which 42.8% complete; from 8 to 12, 57.1% achieved complete remission; between 13 to 17, 87.5% did not achieve remission and was not seen this complete remission group; between 18 to 22, 88.9% were not remitted. Conclusion : The DiaRem score showed appropriate tool to assess remission of T2DM in obese patients who will undergo gastric bypass.
CLINICAL AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS IN OBESE WOMEN DURING THE FIRST YEAR AFTER ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS
Authors: SANTOS Tiago Dália dos , BURGOS Maria Goretti Pessoa de Araújo , LEMOS Maria da Conceição Chaves de , CABRAL Poliana Coelho
Published: October 2015

Background: Clinic care for morbid obesity is not very effective. Bariatric surgery is being considered the best way of intervention for this kind of obesity. Aim : Evaluate the clinical and nutritional evolution during the first year of obese women submitted to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Method : Retrospective series non-concurrent with 61 women. The variables were weight, BMI, weight loss percentage, loss of excessive weight percentage, waist circumference, hip circumference, lipid profile, daily use of supplements, practice of physical exercise, occurrence of sickness, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, asthenia, alopecia, dry skin, cramps and brittle nails. Results : They presented significant weight and IMC reduction as well as improvement in their lipid profile, in all consultations. After one year they presented 36,6% loss of the initial weight and 75% loss of excessive weight. The waist circumference also presented a considerable reduction on all the moments, decreasing from 122,1±13,4 cm to 94,1±10,6 cm. Regarding the intercurrences, the most frequent were alopecia, asthenia, dry skin and cramps. Conclusion : The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was effective in promoting and maintenance weight loss during the period of the first postoperative year.
Asymmetries and similarities in horse production in the Southern of Brazil and Argentina: productivity, health and trade aspects
Authors: OLIVEIRA José Evandro Gervasio de , ALMEIDA Fernando Queiroz de , GUEDES Cezar Augusto Miranda , TRIGO Pablo Ignacio , SILVA Vinicius Pimentel , OLIVEIRA Chiara Albano de Araujo , LEITE Gilberto Gonçalves , RODRIGUES Raphael
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study was carried out in order to verify the asymmetries and similarities in horse breeding in the Brazilian South region and Argentina, analyzing the productive, health and trade aspects. Data collection were performed with questionnaires in fieldwork (primary sources) and bibliographic searches and surveys (secondary sources). The sample consisted of horses breeders in Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, and in Argentina. The questionnaire was based on the Brazilian Study of Horse Agribusiness Complex, divided into: Production Aspects, Health Issues and trade aspects. Descriptive data analysis and relative frequencies were compared using the chi-square (χ2) test at 5% probability. It was observed that there was a similarity in several aspects related to the breeding and trade horse agribusiness, whereas in the health aspects there was asymmetry in certain aspects. In the Southern Brazil, 29.0% of the owners live in the breeding farm and 67.7% have another remunerated activity. There was a similarity in the endoparasites system control and an asymmetry in the ectoparasites control. There was a higher percentage of diseases control in Argentina, which may be related to technification and qualification of workforce. However, regarding the equine sanitary control, there was a similarity between the farms of Southern Brazil and Argentina. Despite of all asymmetries and similarities, there is a relevance of horse agribusiness on generating jobs and income source, as well as the cultural and economic contribution in both countries. Furthermore, there is a necessity of public policies from government authority to promote the horse industry.
Caracterização da diversidade genética de ovinos Santa Inês em fazendas do Estado do Piauí
Authors: MARQUES Iolly Tábata Oliveira , SARMENTO José Lindenberg Rocha , BIAGIOTTI Daniel , VALE Kaline Aguiar Gonzalez , CARVALHO Kátia Silene Sousa , BRITTO Fábio Barros
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a diversidade genética de ovinos Santa Inês em fazendas no Estado do Piauí, utilizando marcadores RAPD. Foram analisados 164 espécimes pertencentes a seis municípios das mesorregiões Centro-Norte e Sudoeste. Após a obtenção do DNA, avaliou-se o potencial de 34 iniciadores, dos quais apenas cinco mostraram bandas passíveis de análise. Foram amplificados 37 locos distintos, sendo 36 polimórficos. Apesar do alto polimorfismo geral (97,2%) a taxa de polimorfismo intrapopulacional foi reduzida (média = 69,82%/população), mostrando que o conjunto dos rebanhos apresenta alta diversidade, mas que cada população isolada pode estar sofrendo efeitos da endogamia. Os índices de diversidade genética (Hs) e de endogamia (f) apresentaram, respectivamente, valores de 0,289 e 0,172. Ambos indicaram excesso de homozigotos e consanguinidade positiva dentro das fazendas. A composição dos rebanhos amostrados quase exclusivamente por fêmeas pode ser a justificativa para esses resultados, onde as proles são compostas principalmente por meio-irmãos. Os resultados acima citados foram confirmados pelos testes de AMOVA (ΦST= 0,199), que mostrou diferenças genéticas significativas entre fazendas, e pelas análises do programa Structure, que indicaram a presença de três grupos genéticos distintos, podendo esta ser uma evidência da presença de animais pertencentes ao “Novo Santa Inês”, entre os ovinos amostrados.
Desempenho, consumo de nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo de cordeiros alimentados com diferentes teores de torta de soja em substituição ao farelo de soja
Authors: GRANDIS Fernando Augusto , RIBEIRO Edson Luis de Azambuja , MIZUBUTI Ivone Yurika , SILVA Leandro das Dores Ferreira da , BUMBIERIS JUNIOR Valter Harry , PRADO Odimári Pricila Pires do , CONSTANTINO Camila , FERNANDES JUNIOR Francisco , MANGILLI Lívia Galiano , PEREIRA Elzânia Sales
Published: October 2015

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de soja em dietas para cordeiros Santa Inês confinados, avaliando o desempenho, consumo de nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo e medidas biométricas. Foram utilizados 30 cordeiros machos não castrados, com 23,63 ± 2,44kg de peso corporal, distribuídos de maneira inteiramente casualizada em cinco tratamentos, sendo assim 6 repetições por tratamento, os quais foram os teores de substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de soja de 0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%. O comportamento ingestivo foi avaliado através de observações pontuais a cada 10 minutos durante 24 horas. Não foi observado efeito significativo sobre os parâmetros de desempenho, consumo de matéria seca e de comportamento ingestivo. O ganho de peso médio diário foi de 312,73g, o consumo médio de matéria seca foi de 1,44kg/dia. A inclusão da torta de soja levou a um aumento linear no consumo de extrato etéreo em gramas/dia, em porcentagem do peso corporal e em porcentagem do peso metabólico. Foi observado efeito cúbico sobre parâmetros de consumo de fibra em detergente ácido. Os tempos de ruminação, alimentação e ócio foram de 425,85; 194,50 e 789,29min/dia, respectivamente. Em relação às medidas biométricas, não foi encontrado efeito da substituição do farelo de soja pela torta de soja. A torta de soja pode ser utilizada na substituição do farelo de soja, devendo-se atentar ao teor de extrato etéreo residual presente neste coproduto da indústria do biodiesel.
Composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados
Authors: AGUIAR Ana Cássia Rodrigues de , ROCHA JÚNIOR Vicente Ribeiro , CALDEIRA Luciana Albuquerque , ALMEIDA FILHO Silvio Humberto Cardoso de , RUAS José Reinaldo Mendes , SOUZA Vanice Mendes de , COSTA Maria Dulcinéia da , PIRES Daniel Ananias de Assis
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar a composição físico-química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas alimentadas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados (farelo de soja, ureia, farelo de girassol e farelo de mamona detoxicado). O delineamento experimental foram dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, sendo utilizadas oito vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu, com produção média de 20 Kg de leite com 3,5% de gordura dia-1. Amostras de leite foram coletadas e analisadas quanto à composição físico-química e perfil de ácidos graxos. Com exceção do nitrogênio ureico no leite, que foi maior na dieta com ureia, as demais variáveis da composição físico-química não foram influenciadas pelas dietas com diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados. Quanto ao perfil de ácido graxo houve variação nas concentrações dos ácidos C4:0; C18:0; C10:1; C12:1 e C18:1 T10 T11 T12. No entanto, para os totais de ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poliinsaturados no leite, estes não diferiram entre as fontes de compostos nitrogenados. O uso de diferentes fontes de compostos nitrogenados na dieta de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu, com produção média de 20Kg de leite com 3,5% de gordura dia-1, não altera a composição físico-química do leite, com exceção do nitrogênio uréico que aumenta na dieta com ureia. Entretanto, pode modificar o perfil de ácidos graxos da gordura do leite.
Feed efficiency and meat quality of crossbred beef heifers classified according to residual feed intake
Authors: REIS Simone Frotas dos , FAUSTO Daiane Aparecida , MEDEIROS Sergio Raposo de , PAULINO Pedro Veiga Rodrigues , VALADARES FILHO Sebastião de Campos , TORRES JÚNIOR Roberto Augusto de Almeida
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate feed efficiency and meat quality of 31 three-crossbred beef heifers during 84 days in a feedlot system. A 60:40 concentrate and sorghum silage ration on DM basis (ME = 2.73Mcal/kg of DM, CP = 11.90% DM) was fed ad libitum. Based on residual feed intake (RFI) calculations, the heifers were ranked in three groups of feed efficiency: High RFI (average mean = 0.776; n = 9), medium RFI (average mean = -0.010; n = 11), and low RFI (average mean = - 0.624; n = 11). High RFI heifers consumed 4.56% more DM per day than low RFI heifers (P <0.05). The ADG did not differ (P> 0.05) among RFI groups (1.40kg/day). No differences (P>0.05) were detected for digestibility of the nutrients: DM (64.00%), CP (60.01%), crude fat (72.90%), NDF (54.80%) and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (78.91%). There were no differences between low and high RFI groups for slaughter weight (475.00 vs. 479.55kg), hot carcass weight (259.09 vs. 261.44kg), Longissimus dorsi (LD) area (69.02 vs. 68.11 cm2), back-fat thickness (5.74 vs. 6.26 cm), shear force (5.45 vs. 5.19kg), sensorial traits of LD muscle, LD color (intensities L=40.47 a*=24.74 and b*=16.13) or commercial cuts yield. Low RFI heifers presented similar meat quality and carcass traits as high RFI heifers, however low RFI heifers consumed less DM (kg/d).
Características da carcaça e componentes não integrantes da carcaça de caprinos Canindé suplementados na caatinga
Authors: SOUZA Cicília Maria Silva de , MEDEIROS Ariosvaldo Nunes de , COSTA Roberto Germano , PEREIRA Elzania Sales , AZEVEDO Paulo Sérgio de , LIMA JÚNIOR Valdi de , ROCHA Luciana Porangaba da , SOUZA Anaiane Pereira
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se avaliar o efeito da suplementação concentrada sobre o ganho de peso, as características quantitativas da carcaça e dos não constituintes da carcaça de caprinos castrados da raça Canindé em sistema de pastejo na caatinga. 40 caprinos com peso corporal (PC) inicial médio de 15,76 ± 0,96kg foram distribuídos nos níveis de zero; 0,5; 1 e 1,5% de suplementação concentrada (% PC), sendo abatidos quando os animais que recebiam 1,5% de suplementação atingiram peso médio de 23,10 ± 1,74kg. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro níveis de suplementação e dez repetições. O ganho de peso, rendimento de carcaça, rendimento dos cortes e peso dos constituintes não carcaça (pele, cabeça, sangue, fígado, rins, trato respiratório, trato gastrointestinal), bem como o peso da gordura total, foram influenciados positivamente pelos níveis de suplementação. Os níveis de suplementação um e 1,5% do PC são favoráveis ao desempenho, às características de carcaça e ao desenvolvimento de órgãos em caprinos da raça Canindé em pastejo na caatinga.
Adult presentation of Bartter syndrome type IV with erythrocytosis
Authors: Heilberg Ita Pfeferman , Tótoli Cláudia , Calado Joaquim Tomaz
Published: October 2015

Abstract Bartter syndrome comprises a group of rare autosomal-recessive salt-losing disorders with distinct phenotypes, but one unifying pathophysiology consisting of severe reductions of sodium reabsorption caused by mutations in five genes expressed in the thick ascending limb of Henle, coupled with increased urinary excretion of potassium and hydrogen, which leads to hypokalemic alkalosis. Bartter syndrome type IV, caused by loss-of-function mutations in barttin, a subunit of chloride channel CLC-Kb expressed in the kidney and inner ear, usually occurs in the antenatal-neonatal period. We report an unusual case of late onset presentation of Bartter syndrome IV and mild phenotype in a 20 years-old man who had hypokalemia, deafness, secondary hyperparathyroidism and erythrocytosis.
Term Structure of Interest Rates with Short-run and Long-run Risks
Authors: Grishchenko Olesya , Song Zhaogang , Zhou Hao
Published: October 2015

Bond returns are time-varying and predictable. What economic forces drive this variation? To answer this long-standing question, we propose a consumption-based model with recursive preferences, long-run risks, and inflation non-neutrality. Our model offers two important insights. First, our model matches well the post-1990 nominal upward-sloping U.S. Treasury yield curve. Second, consistent with our model's implication, variance risk premium based on the U.S. interest rate derivatives data emerges as a strong predictor for short-horizon Treasury excess returns, above and beyond the predictive power of other popular factors. In the model equilibrium, the variance risk premium is related to the short-run risks in the economy, while standard forward-rate-based factors are associated with long-run risks in the economy.
Project Activities of Students as a Form of Developmental Teaching
Authors: Lazarev V.S.
Published: October 2015

Project activities of students regarded as a form of developmental teaching. Coping with domestic school crisis is possible using the activity-related forms of education. Author believes that initiating of students project activities widely used in the practice of the last decade should be assessed positively. In most cases, what is presented as “project activity”, in fact is not. Project activity contains significant opportunities for the realization of the idea of developmental education developed in the scientific school of cultural-historical psychology. Hypothesizing and experimental confirmation of the leading role of education in the development of the human mentality and working out the theory of developmental education are the biggest achievements of the scientific school. The theory of developmental education determines the educational activity in primary school and poorly designed for its middle and senior levels. It has inner problems that need to solve for further progress in building a new practice of schooling. It is shown how using the features of project activities can expand the boundaries of the implementation of the developmental education ideas.
Theory and Practice of Modern Domestic Preschool Education
Authors: Burlakova I.A.
Published: October 2015

The author marked the most important theoretical principles of cultural-historical psychology and activity approach, which underlie the educational standard. The idea of inherent value of childhood, the position of the amplification and the need to take into account the child’s age are fundamental for preschool education. However, they often remain a theoretical thesis that teachers either do not own, or to act in a real educational practice, or they misunderstand. It is necessary to study conditions of development of methods and means for the effective implementation of the fundamental theoretical positions in real educational process. Statements that need to be developed in the theory as applied to the preschool are marked.
Future of the Learning Activities in Teenage School: Content, Methods, and Forms
Authors: Vorontsov A.B.
Published: October 2015

V.V. Davydov scientific ideas of developing training. Since the early 1990s their scientific research results have been formed in the educational system and began to be used in general primary school. However, when the widespread use of developmental education in elementary school, further studies on the age possibilities of adolescents and the content of their education have not been completed. Targeted research was organized again under the leadership of B.D. Elkonin only in 2000. Designing of teenage school in the framework of the principles and ideology of this system started at the same time at the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education and many other educational institutions. The article presents the hypothetical ideas about the content, forms and methods of organization of educational process in the second stage of schooling. Particular attention is paid to the fate of the educational activity in teenage school, as well as methods and forms of organization of other activities in the adolescent school.
Project Activity as a Means of Organizing Adolescents’ Learning Process (on the Example of Technical Modelling)
Authors: Rubtsova O.V. , Krivosheeva L.B.
Published: October 2015

The article presents the results of an empirical study of project activity as a means of organizing adolescents’ learning process. The study is particularly relevant due to the acute need in the forms of learning activity aimed at adolescents’ development and socialization, as well as in efficient practices of training teachers, who will be involved in organizing project activity in the classroom. The research was conducted on the example of technical modelling, which is regarded as a particular type of project activity, aimed at creating technical objects with given characteristics and properties. The collected data testifies that technical modelling could become an efficient means of teaching and developing adolescents and could contribute to motivating adolescents to choose technical jobs and professions in the future. The results of the study are incorporated in a series of lectures on adolescence in the framework of the Master’s program “Cultural-historical psychology and activity approach in education” run in Moscow State University of Psychology & Education.
Numerical and experimental study of the strength of fabric carbon-epoxy composite structures
Authors: Komarov V. A. , Kishov E. A. , Charkviani R. V. , Pavlov A. A.
Published: October 2015

The problem of adequate modeling of thin-walled laminate composite structures reinforced by woven fabrics is discussed in the paper. The conformity of numerical and experimental values of ultimate load is investigated. Standard-dimension strip-like specimens and lugs with quasi-isotropic layup of three standard sizes are used for the investigation. Static strength of the specimens has been tested. Finite-element models of the described structures are developed using the NASTRAN software. The accuracy of ultimate load prediction by several failure criteria (maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Wu, Tsai-Hill, etc.) is analyzed. Recommendations for choosing failure criteria for laminate composite materials are given. The soundness of simplified modeling of contact interaction of the lug axis and hole surface by transferring the load from the hole surface to peripheral nodes using rod finite elements is discussed.
Numerical method for determining the parameters of a creep curve on the basis of Soderberg law
Authors: Makarov R. Yu.
Published: October 2015

The article discusses the development of a new numerical method for determining the parameters of a creep model. A discrete linear parametric model describing the relationship between successive values of creep strain in the form of a difference equation is proposed. Formulas for describing the relationship between the coefficients of the linear parametric discrete model and the creep model parameters have been obtained. An iterative procedure of mean-square estimation of coefficients of the linear parametric discrete model is described. A technique of estimating the error of calculating the model parameters of creep is shown, numerical and analytical studies of reliability and correctness of the described procedure have been carried out. Experimental verification of the results with good agreement between theoretical and experimental data is presented. The developed numerical method of determining the creep curve parameters can be applied at the stages of stationary and non-stationary creep.
Determination of thermal state and modification of the flame tube cooling system with the help of three-dimensional modeling methods
Authors: Matveev S. G. , Anisimov V. M. , Zubrilin I. A. , Kolomzarov O. V. , Mironov N. S.
Published: October 2015

The results of calculating the thermal state of the flame tube walls are presented, a gas turbine engine annular combustor taken as an example. The three-dimensional Ansys Fluent simulation package is used. A finite element conjugate model is created. The conformal (node-to-node) interface gas-to-metal is a characteristic feature of the grid. The number of elements over the thickness of the wall is taken to be not less than 5. The total number of elements is 8.6 million. The HN50VMTYUB-VI heat-resistant alloy is used as the material of the flame tube. A thermal barrier coating (TBC) is deposited on the hot side of the flame tube. The thickness of the ceramic coating is assumed to be equal to 0.4 mm. The thermal barrier coating consists of an intermetallic bonding layer that contains elements of the wall material of the flame tube and ceramics, as well as a ceramic protective layer with low thermal conductivity. The shell surface of the flame tube walls is assigned to take into account the thermal barrier coating. The density of the ceramic coating is 6 t/m3, and the dependence of the isobaric heat capacity of the thermal barrier coating on the temperature in the range of 473 K to 1473 K is specified. The distribution of the heat flux in the thermal barrier coating is taken into account only in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the flame tube. The influence of the thermal barrier coating on the flame tube thermal condition is analyzed. Measures have been taken to improve the cooling system of the flame tube. Variations of the temperature of the flame tube along its length are analyzed.
Experimental research of the possibility of heat transfer enhancement in gas dynamic energy separation process
Authors: Popovich S. S. , Vinogradov Yu. A. , Strongin M. M.
Published: October 2015

Analysis of the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement in a device of machineless energy separation of flows (Leontiev tube) is presented in the paper. The main parameters that define the device's efficiency are the temperature recovery factor and heat transfer in the supersonic channel of the device. Changes in the shape and relief of the flow surface, the use of working fluids with a low Prandtl number, low-intensity shock waves and local separation areas in the supersonic channel are among the methods of heat transfer enhancement in an energy separation device. The results of experimental investigation of the influence of a supersonic separation flow on the adiabatic wall temperature and the temperature recovery factor are presented. The range of the Mach numbers analyzed is between 2 and 3.5. The Reynolds criterion along the length of the dynamic boundary layer amounts to at least 6106. Field distributions of the adiabatic wall temperature and temperature recovery factors along the plate are presented for different Mach numbers. The results indicate that local separation boundary layer regions will probably intensify heat transfer in the supersonic channel of a gas dynamic energy separation device. The research has been conducted using the experimental facilities of the Institute of Mechanics of Lomonosov Moscow State University.
Experimental study of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in the air
Authors: Sergeev S. M. , Petrukhin N. V. , Masyukov M. V.
Published: October 2015

An improved constant- volume bypass arrangement intended for measuring visible and normal velocities of flame propagation in gas and droplet gas mixtures and the ignition delay period for the mixtures mentioned above in the millisecond range is described in the paper. Unlike the other available installations the one under consideration is developed for operating with liquid hydrocarbons. It has an additional device for injecting liquid reagents and nanoparticles as well as a fiber-optic sensor to specify the instance of ignition. The temperature range of conducting the experiments is extended up to 850 K. A method of operating the experimental installation is presented. The values of visible combustion velocities are obtained for various hydrocarbon fuels depending on the temperature at the pressure 50 kPa. The effective activation energies and pre-exponential multipliers of temperature dependences of the visible velocity of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in the air are specified by the experimental data. The results obtained are in good agreement with the modern concepts of the mechanism of hydrocarbon fuel combustion in the air.
Analysis of various aspects and state of the distance education system in Russia
Authors: Belousov A. I. , Gromova T. V.
Published: October 2015

The article presents the results of the analysis of various aspects and status of distance learning to identify the positive aspects and disadvantages, problems, and possible solutions to improve the efficiency of the educational process. Distance learning as an educational problem and at the same time as a new form of getting education calls for teachers of a new breed. This is a teacher who constantly supports the distance learner, has a command of distance learning technologies and a pool of techniques and methods, first of all, computer skills. To solve the problem it is necessary to determine the essence of a number of key concepts of distance learning, to reveal the multidimensionality of the problem of its organization, to analyze the foreign and domestic experience of training teachers for distance learning and plan the ways of preserving and upscaling the human, scientific, educational and material potential accumulated by the domestic system of education, to apply the existing and prospective means of new information technologies.
System of indicators for assessing operational and commercial activities of an enterprise
Authors: Morozov V. V. , Demidenko E. V.
Published: October 2015

The article presents indicators characterizing the efficiency of operational and commercial activities of a company in market conditions. The coefficient of economic, social, organizational and technical capacity of the enterprise, economic performance of the company management, the share  of management costs, the ratio of the number of administrative staff to the number of staff personnel of the enterprise, the ratio of line and functional personnel management staff, the cost-effectiveness ratio of administrative activity; the level of organization of production, the impact of production management and sale of products, the level of product profitability; the level of remuneration of staff; the profitability of equity capital, the level of profitability of production and sales, return on assets, the ratio of real equity value, the coefficient of effective use of current assets; the coefficient of effective use of working capital, the coefficient of the utilization of all assets, the cost of one share; earnings per share, dividend per share, the price of one share of income; total assets; profit margin, gross margin ratio, sales gross profit margin; the complex integrated factor of the company’s management efficiency are among the most important of them. Calculation and analysis of the indicators described in the article for a particular company should help to solve the tasks of engineering and reengineering.
Strength analysis of internal combustion engine elements by using ANSYS with taking into account heat processes in the combustion chamber
Authors: Biryuk V. V. , Gorshkalev A. A. , Kayukov S. S. , Saigakov E. A.
Published: October 2015

A procedure of modeling working processes of internal combustion engines (ICE) by using CAD/CAE software is presented. Issues of modeling gas- dynamic and heat process in 4-stroke internal combustion engines by using ANSYS Fluent and ANSYS Steady-State Thermal software which allows obtaining the fields of distribution of the principal thermodynamic parameters are discussed. Special attention is paid to developing a method of strength analysis and the peculiarities of adjusting it to solving of the tasks connected with internal combustion engine designing.
Investigation of the seizing mechanism of aviation hydraulic drive spool–and–sleeves
Authors: Gareyev A. M. , Popelniuk I. A.
Published: October 2015

The paper is devoted to the study of the process of seizure of spool-and-sleeve pairs of aviation hydraulic drives under the influence of contamination particles contained in working fluids of aircraft hydraulic systems. The mechanism of the particles action on the hydraulic drive is discussed. The process of seizure development is analysed in detail. Two techniques based on the analysis of the results are proposed that make it possible to estimate the state of the spool-and-sleeve. The first one is based on direct measurement of the gap in the spool-and-sleeve of the hydraulic drive during repair. To implement the technique it is necessary to analytically determine the minimal allowed size of the gap that would provide stable functioning of the unit over the whole pressure range of the hydraulic system. The second technique is less labour-intensive (but also less precise) in comparison to the first one and is based on the measurement of the hydraulic drive macroparameter the variation of which depends on the change of the gap size in the spool-and-sleeve during maintenance. It is necessary to determine the dependence of the macroparameter chosen on the size of the spool-and-sleeve gap. Implementation of the described techniques will improve economic efficiency of aircraft usage by reducing the costs and the idle time in repair.
Experimental research of internal heat transfer in the vortex heat generator
Authors: Zhornik M. N. , Piralishvili Sh. A. , Mogileva K. A.
Published: October 2015

The results of the experimental study of internal heat transfer in a vortex heat generator incorporated in a deicing system of a ground gas turbine engine are presented in article. The essence of the experimental methods based on the theory of steady-state heating conditions is outlined. The method is implemented in an experimental installation that makes it possible to analyze internal heat transfer in axisymmetric channels quickly and effectively. The experimental model presents a counterflow vortex tube with a heat- isolated chamber of energy separation. The results of the experimental studies are used for the calculation of the thermal state of the inlet guide vane unit of the GTD-110engine equipped with a vortex heat generator when functioning in the conditions of icing.
Computational algorithm of forming program motion in a scheduled turn of small spacecraft
Authors: Salmin V. V. , Filatov A. V. , Tkachenko I. S. , Tyugashev A. A. , Sopchenko E. V.
Published: October 2015

A mathematical model and software implementation of a computational algorithm of forming program motion in a scheduled turn of small spacecraft are described in the article. The algorithm is intended to calculate the key parameters of the path of a scheduled turn of small spacecraft, to specify the time moments when spacecraft motion has to be changed, and motion parameters at these points to determine the intervals characterized by the constancy of object motion laws and the positions of the object rotation axes during these intervals. Information on the equipment used (sensors, mechanisms, flywheels), the basic modes of operation, the principles of organizing the motion control system and flight control software is presented in the article. The AIST-2D Experimental Small Spacecraft has a mass of less than 500 kilograms and can operate on a near-circular orbit of 600 kilometers. The Spacecraft Orientation System comprises sensors and actuator mechanisms as well as its own computer. The Flight Control Software is organized as software incorporated in the technical system and implements full support of spacecraft motion control logic both in normal and abnormal situations. The software is subjected to a multiphase debugging process that ensures the achievement of the required indicators of quality and robustness.