bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbes mediated immunogenic cell death in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Huang Jumin , Duan Fugang , Xie Chun , Xu Jiahui , Zhang Yizhong , Wang Yuwei , Tang Yu‐Ping , Leung Elaine Lai‐Han
Published: August 2023

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is one of the 12 distinct cell death forms, which can trigger immune system to fight against cancer cells. During ICD, a number of cellular changes occur that can stimulate an immune response, including the release of molecules called damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), signaling to immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. By virtue of their pivotal role in immune surveillance, ICD‐based drug development has been a new approach to explore novel therapeutic combinations and personalized strategies in cancer therapy. Several small molecules and microbes can induce ICD‐relevant signals and cause cancer cell death. In this review, we highlighted the role of microbe‐mediate ICD in cancer immunotherapy and described the mechanisms through which microbes might serve as ICD inducers in cancer treatment. We also discussed current attempts to combine microbes with chemotherapy regimens or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of cancer patients. We surmise that manipulation of microbes may guide personalized therapeutic interventions to facilitate anticancer immune response.
Clearance phagocytosis by the retinal pigment epithelial during photoreceptor outer segment renewal: Molecular mechanisms and relation to retinal inflammation
Authors: Lieffrig Stephanie A. , Gyimesi Gavin , Mao Yingyu , Finnemann Silvia C.
Published: August 2023

Mammalian photoreceptor outer segment renewal is a highly coordinated process that hinges on timed cell signaling between photoreceptor neurons and the adjacent retinal pigment epithelial (RPE). It is a strictly rhythmic, synchronized process that underlies in part circadian regulation. We highlight findings from recently developed methods that quantify distinct phases of outer segment renewal in retinal tissue. At light onset, outer segments expose the conserved “eat‐me” signal phosphatidylserine exclusively at their distal, most aged tip. A coordinated two‐receptor efferocytosis process follows, in which ligands bridge outer segment phosphatidylserine with the RPE receptors αvβ5 integrin, inducing cytosolic signaling toward Rac1 and focal adhesion kinase/MERTK, and with MERTK directly, additionally inhibiting RhoA/ROCK and thus enabling F‐actin dynamics favoring outer segment fragment engulfment. Photoreceptors and RPE persist for life with each RPE cell in the eye servicing dozens of overlying photoreceptors. Thus, RPE cells phagocytose more often and process more material than any other cell type. Mutant mice with impaired outer segment renewal largely retain functional photoreceptors and retinal integrity. However, when anti‐inflammatory signaling in the RPE via MERTK or the related TYRO3 is lacking, catastrophic inflammation leads to immune cell infiltration that swiftly destroys the retina causing blindness.
Comparison of clinical outcomes, demographic, and laboratory characteristics of hospitalized COVID‐19 patients during major three waves driven by Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants in Tehran, Iran
Authors: heydarifard Zahra , Shafiei‐Jandaghi Nazanin‐Zahra , Safaei Moslem , Tavakoli Forough , Shatizadeh Malekshahi Somayeh
Published: August 2023

Introduction

This study is the first study in which demographic, laboratory data, and outcomes of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) patients due to the circulating SARS‐CoV‐2 infections caused by different variants (Alpha, Delta, and Omicron) are compared in Iran.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study of confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 cases from April 9, 2021, to May 22, 2022. Demographic data and laboratory findings were extracted from patients' electronic medical records on the first day of admission to the hospital. All patients were followed up for outcomes related to COVID‐19 including intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality rate.

Results

Of 760 confirmed hospitalized COVID‐19 cases, 362, 298, and 100 represented patients during waves 4–6, respectively. During the Omicron wave, hospitalized patients were older than the other two waves and had a lower median level of C‐reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The median length of hospital stay during waves 4–6 was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.0–8.0), 7 days (IQR: 6.0–11), and 6 days (IQR: 5.0–9.0), respectively (p < 0.001). The rate of ICU admission during waves 4–6 significantly increased.

Conclusions

Although the Omicron variant caused less severe disease, in older patients who were hospitalized due to Omicron infection, longer hospital and ICU stays were reported, which could be attributed to their old age. In particular, elderly patients are more vulnerable to severe COVID‐19; otherwise, as expected, other laboratory parameters and clinical outcomes were in accordance with differences in pathogenicity and infectivity of these variants.
Experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities: A scoping review
Authors: Baker Christine , Malik Gulzar , Davis Jenny , McKenna Lisa
Published: August 2023

Aim

To identify the extent and type of evidence exploring the workplace experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities.

Design

Scoping Review.

Data Sources

Four electronic databases were systematically searched in February 2022 to identify studies discussing the experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities, published between 2012 and 2022. Google Scholar and Theses Global were also searched.

Review Methods

All search results, irrespective of their format, were uploaded to Covidence to assist with the selection of evidence. Studies discussing the experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities were included. Two reviewers conducted screening and data extraction independently, and a third reviewer resolved conflicts.

Results

Searches identified 130 studies. After screening for title and abstract, full‐text review identified 23 studies for data extraction and analysis. Data were summarized and presented in tabular form under two categories (1) workplace experiences and (2) impact in the workplace. Results were presented in a descriptive, narrative form with accompanying tables.

Conclusion

The nurse or midwife can be impacted significantly by disability. Currently, little is known about the workplace experiences of nurses and midwives with disabilities. Therefore, a better understanding of the experiences of the nurse and midwives with disabilities is important to increase diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion.

Impact

Shortage of nurses and midwives worldwide highlights the need to understand why nurses and midwives with disabilities decide to leave the profession. Further research exploring the experiences of nurses or midwives with disabilities will help identify support requirements, develop frameworks for reasonable adjustment accommodations, and assist with future workforce planning.

The EQUATOR guidelines for PRISMA have been met.

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Histopathological characteristics of the arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy presenting the electrocardiographic characteristics with Brugada syndrome
Authors: Murase Yosuke , Igawa Osamu , Imai Hajime , Ogawa Yasuhiro , Kano Naoaki , Mamiya Keita , Ikeda Tomoyo , Miyamae Kiichi , Yamazoe Shinji , Torii Jun , Yamanaka Kazuyuki , Kato Toshimasa , Kawaguchi Kenta , Kawaguchi Katsuhiro
Published: August 2023

Introduction

The histopathological characteristics of the overlapping disease states of Brugada syndrome (BrS) and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

A 71‐year‐old man showed coved‐type ST‐segment elevation with the right precordial leads, and the echocardiography demonstrated right ventricular (RV) dilatation. After 11 months, he died of a polymorphic VT storm.

Results

The pathological tissue demonstrated fibrofatty degeneration in the free wall of the RV outflow tract based on the heart autopsy.

Conclusion

The overlapping disease states of BrS and ARVC showed histopathological characteristics consistent with ARVC.
SP2‐induced circPUM1 modulates chemoresistance and nature killer cell toxicity in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Lian , Zou Chen , Lv Xiaozhi , Wei Haigang , Wu Siyuan , Song Jing , Tang Zhe , Luo Hailing , Li Xia , Ai Yilong
Published: August 2023

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of tumour found in the cavity that is characterized by differentiation and metastasis to the lymph nodes. Although diagnosis strategy and clinical treatment have recently improved, the outcomes for OSCC patients remain unsatisfactory. This study verified the characteristics of circPUM1 in OSCC cells, subsequently generating dysregulated circPUM1 cell models, showing that circPUM1 promoted chemoresistance and natural killer (NK) cell toxicity. Furthermore, the transcription factor SP2 regulated the expression of circPUM1 in OSCC cells, circPUM1 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‐770‐5p. Moreover, Nucleosome Assembly Protein 1 Like 1 (NAP1L1) is a downstream target for miR‐770‐5p and essential for circPUM1‐mediated cisplatin resistance and NK cell cytotoxicity in OSCC cells. The network composed of SP2, circPUM1, miR‐770‐5p and NAP1L1 in OSCC appears to be a promising avenue for the development of novel targets for diagnosing or treating OSCC.
Physiological stress responses of European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax related to changing operations of floating net cages in intensive farming conditions at the Moroccan M'diq Bay
Authors: Cheyadmi Soumaya , Chadli Housni , El Yamlahi Bouchra , El Maadoudi Mohammed , Cacciola Francesco , Kounnoun Ayoub , Nhhala Hassan , Chairi Hicham
Published: August 2023

The present study aimed to quantify and compare in situ the primary and secondary physiological stress responses, related to the changing operations of floating net cages, in both subadult (523 days post hatching [dph]) and adult (916 dph) European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax under intensive farming conditions in the Moroccan M'diq Bay. The blood levels of cortisol, glucose, total cholesterol, total protein, and lactate, as well as the percentage of haematocrit, were measured before and after this operation. The results showed significantly elevated levels of cortisol and blood glucose in both age groups, whereas total cholesterol and protein levels were unaffected. In fact, blood lactate significantly decreased in subadults, whereas in adults this parameter was not affected by the operation. However, the haematocrit percentages measured after the operation were significantly higher than those found before the operation in both groups of fish, which is attributed to the increased rate of oxygen renewal in the new net cages and the lower water temperature inside the cages. With regard to the age‐specific response during this essential operation plasma cortisol, blood glucose, and lactate concentrations, as well as plasma total protein levels, were significantly higher in subadults than in adults, in both pre‐ and post‐ stress measurement, with the presence of individual‐specific response. It is concluded that aquaculture practices such as changing the aquaculture net cage could have repercussions in terms of the classic physiological responses to stress in D. labrax.
Dietary patterns in North and South India: a comparison with EAT‐Lancet dietary recommendations
Authors: Ganpule Anjali , Dubey Manisha , Pandey Himanshi , Green Rosemary , Brown Kerry Ann , Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy Nikhil , Jarhyan Prashant , Maddury Avinav Prasad , Khatkar Rajesh , Prabhakaran Dorairaj , Mohan Sailesh
Published: August 2023

Background

Environmentally sustainable diets are represented in the EAT‐Lancet recommendations developed by the Lancet Commission on Planetary Health in 2019. Very few studies have compared Indian diets with the EAT‐Lancet recommendations. The present study performed such a comparison using primary dietary consumption data from adults in north and south India.

Methods

Data from 8762 adults (52.4 ± 11.7 years) residing in Sonipat and Vizag India were collected on sociodemographic characteristics, wealth index (household assets) and dietary intake (food frequency questionnaire: nine food groups). The quantity consumed and energy from each food group was compared with the EAT‐Lancet recommendations. We investigated the likelihood of deficit or excess in consumption compared to the EAT‐Lancet recommendations by different sociodemographic factors.

Results

Half of the participants were women and half resided in rural areas. Vegetables and fruits were consumed in lower quantity, whereas dairy and added fats were consumed in higher quantity than recommended by the EAT‐Lancet recommendations. For whole grains, female gender and poorest wealth index were the factors associated with deficit or no consumption, whereas, for vegetables and fruits, it was poorest wealth index and residence in rural areas (p < 0.05, all). Rural residence and poorest wealth index were associated with excess consumption of dairy and added fats (p < 0.05, all).

Conclusions

The diets of the study participants were mainly plant‐based, and high in dairy but lacking in nutrient‐rich foods such as vegetables and fruits. Appropriate policy actions for making healthy sustainable diets and micronutrient‐rich foods available and affordable to all with a particular focus on the poor and rural populations are warranted.
The multifaceted roles of the brain glycogen
Authors: Markussen Kia H. , Corti Manuela , Byrne Barry J. , Vander Kooi Craig W. , Sun Ramon C. , Gentry Matthew S.
Published: August 2023

Glycogen is a biologically essential macromolecule that is directly involved in multiple human diseases. While its primary role in carbohydrate storage and energy metabolism in the liver and muscle is well characterized, recent research has highlighted critical metabolic and non‐metabolic roles for glycogen in the brain. In this review, the emerging roles of glycogen homeostasis in the healthy and diseased brain are discussed with a focus on advancing our understanding of the role of glycogen in the brain. Innovative technologies that have led to novel insights into glycogen functions are detailed. Key insights into how cellular localization impacts neuronal and glial function are discussed. Perturbed glycogen functions are observed in multiple disorders of the brain, including where it serves as a disease driver in the emerging category of neurological glycogen storage diseases (n‐GSDs). n‐GSDs include Lafora disease (LD), adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD), Cori disease, Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome (G1D), GSD0b, and late‐onset Pompe disease (PD). They are neurogenetic disorders characterized by aberrant glycogen which results in devastating neurological and systemic symptoms. In the most severe cases, rapid neurodegeneration coupled with dementia results in death soon after diagnosis. Finally, we discuss current treatment strategies that are currently being developed and have the potential to be of great benefit to patients with n‐GSD. Taken together, novel technologies and biological insights have resulted in a renaissance in brain glycogen that dramatically advanced our understanding of both biology and disease. Future studies are needed to expand our understanding and the multifaceted roles of glycogen and effectively apply these insights to human disease.

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Treatment of androgenetic alopecia by exosomes secreted from hair papilla cells and the intervention effect of LTF
Authors: Wang Guiyue , Wang Zhili , Zhang Jiaqi , Shen Yan , Hou Xin , Su Lin , Chen Wen , Chen Jiahao , Guo Xiang , Song Hong
Published: August 2023

Background

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of chronic progressive hair loss in men, and AGA has a severe negative impact on the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients.

Methods

Four female C57BL/6 mice were isolated from DP cells in culture (≤4 generations) after stimulation of DPC proliferation by herbal concentrations obtained by the CCK‐8 method, and exosomes were isolated by differential centrifugation at low temperature. Testosterone propionate and topical hair removal treatments were used together to establish the C57BL/6 mouse AGA model, which was treated with LTF, 5% minoxidil, and LTF‐DPC‐EXO, respectively. ELISA was used to detect serum hormone levels, in vivo tracing was used to observe dynamic changes in exosomes, H&E staining showed changes in mouse hair follicle tissue, and (q) RT‐PCR and WB were used to detect dorsal skin VEGF, AKT1, and CASP3 expression in dorsal skin tissues.

Results

Hair regeneration was significant in the LTF group, minoxidil group, and LTF‐DPC‐EXO group mice, and the hair growth was only seen in the local skin in the model group. The hormone T in all treatment groups was lower than that in the model group, and e2 was higher than that in the model group. (q) RT‐PCR and western blot showed that VEGF and AKT1 expressions were upregulated and Caspase3 expression was downregulated in the skin sections of mice in the treatment groups.

Conclusion

DPC‐EXO obtained through LTF may activate AKT1 and VEGF in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit CASP3, thereby protecting DPC to restore the hair growth.
Understanding women's work, children and families during the COVID‐19 global pandemic: Using science to support women around the globe
Authors: Dinella Lisa M. , Fulcher Megan , Weisgram Erica S.
Published: August 2023

Times of disaster disproportionately impact women, children, and vulnerable populations. Thus, concern about women's welfare became paramount as the intensity of the COVID‐19 global pandemic increased. Due to these concerns and the need to examine them from a scientific perspective, we announced a call for empirical and theoretical investigations into how women around the world were experiencing this time of disaster. We were especially interested in investigations that provided information that afforded intersectionality analyses; that is, those that recognized overlapping socially‐constructed systems of oppression such as patriarchy, white supremacy, and classism and how they impact the structures, institutions, agencies, and policies that change women's lives. We received an overwhelming response to our call from scholars around the world whose empirical and theoretical works focused on women's lives during the height of the global COVID‐19 pandemic, resulting in a two‐installment Special Issue on how the COVID‐19 pandemic magnified existing gender inequities. This installment aims to understand how the global pandemic has impacted women's work, children, and families around the world. Throughout both installments, scholars emphasize how empirical findings can and should drive social policies that ameliorate inequities and support women and their families.
Influence of locally delivered doxycycline on the clinical and molecular inflammatory status of intrabony defects prior to periodontal regeneration: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Baima Giacomo , Aliyeva Nargiz , Lorenzetti Virginia , Citterio Filippo , Franco Francesco , Di Scipio Federica , Berta Giovanni N. , Romano Federica
Published: August 2023

Objectives

To test the effect of locally delivered doxycycline (DOX) administered 2 weeks prior to minimally invasive periodontal regeneration in terms of presurgical inflammatory status and cytokine expression profile in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Secondary aim was to assess the early wound healing index (EHI) at 2 weeks after surgery.

Background

It is hypothesized that healing after periodontal regeneration is dependent on preoperative soft tissue condition, and that local antibiotics may improve the site‐specific inflammatory status at short time.

Methods

Sites associated with periodontal intrabony defects requiring regenerative surgery and showing bleeding on probing (BoP) were included. At T0, experimental sites were randomly treated with subgingival instrumentation with or without topic DOX application. After 2 weeks (T1), defects were approached by means of minimally invasive surgical technique. GCF was sampled at both T0 and T1 for inflammatory biomarker analysis. Two weeks after surgery, the EHI was evaluated (T2).

Results

Forty‐four patients were included. At T1, the number of BoP+ sites was statistically significantly less in the test group (27.3% vs. 72.7%; p < .01). The total amount of interleukin (IL)‐1β (p < .001), matrix‐metalloproteinases (MMP)‐8 (p < .001), and MMP‐9 (p = .010) in the GCF significantly decreased in the test group at T1, with relevant differences compared to controls. At T2, the EHI had an average value of 1.45 ± 0.86 in the test group while in the control, it was 2.31 ± 1.43 (p = .027). A statistically significantly positive correlation was observed between the amount of IL‐1β and MMP‐9 and EHI scores.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, sites treated with DOX showed improved clinical and molecular inflammatory parameters before surgery, as well as soft tissue healing 2 weeks after surgery.
Margin‐closed vector autoregressive time series models
Authors: Zhang Lin , Joe Harry , Nolde Natalia
Published: August 2023

Conditions are obtained for a Gaussian vector autoregressive time series of order , VAR(), to have univariate margins that are autoregressive of order or lower‐dimensional margins that are also VAR(). This can lead to ‐dimensional VAR() models that are closed with respect to a given partition of by specifying marginal serial dependence and some cross‐sectional dependence parameters. The special closure property allows one to fit the subprocesses of multi‐variate time series before assembling them by fitting the dependence structure between the subprocesses. We revisit the use of the Gaussian copula of the stationary joint distribution of observations in the VAR() process with non‐Gaussian univariate margins but under the constraint of closure under margins. This construction allows more flexibility in handling higher‐dimensional time series and a multi‐stage estimation procedure can be used. The proposed class of models is applied to a macro‐economic data set and compared with the relevant benchmark models.
‘Oh yes, that is also reflection’—Using discursive psychology to describe how GP registrars construct reflection
Authors: Schaepkens Sven P. C. , de la Croix Anne , Veen Mario
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Learners in medical education generally perceive that reflection is important, but they also find that reflection is not always valuable or practically applicable. We address the gap between the potential benefits of reflection and its practical implementation in medical education. We examined the perspective of Dutch GP registrars who (must) reflect for their GP specialty training to understand their participant perspective on reflection. Our aim is stimulating alignment between reflective activities that occur in a medical curriculum and the ideals of reflection as a valuable educational activity.

Methods

We conducted, video‐recorded and transcribed seven focus group sessions with GP registrars in 2021 across two Dutch GP educational programmes. We used discursive psychology to analyse the focus group data by focusing on ‘assessments of reflection’. We analysed their discursive features (how something was said) and content features (what was said) and related these to each other to understand how GP registrars construct reflection.

Results

Participants constructed reflection with nuance; they combined negative and positive assessments that displayed varied orientations to reflection. First, their combined assessments showed complex orientations to norms and experiences with reflecting in practice and that these are not simply negative or positive. Second, GP registrars constructed reflection as a negotiable topic and showed how reflection and its value can be variably understood. Third, through combined assessments, they displayed an orientation to the integration of reflection with other educational tasks, which impacts its value.

Conclusions

Generally, GP registrars speak positively about reflection, but the value of reflection partly depends on its proper integration with other educational tasks. When meaningful integration fails, activities to stimulate reflection can overshoot their own goal and hamper learner motivation to reflect. Developing a healthy ‘reflection culture’ could mitigate some challenges. Therein, reflection is treated as important while learners also have adequate autonomy.
Long‐term follow‐up of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treated with glucocorticoids: A study of 182 subjects
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Muthu Valliappan , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Garg Mandeep , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke
Published: August 2023

Background

The long‐term outcomes of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) are poorly characterised.

Methods

We retrospectively included treatment‐naïve subjects of acute stage ABPA‐complicating asthma from three randomised trials. All the subjects received oral prednisolone for 4 months and were monitored every 6 weeks for 6 months and then every 6 months. Our primary objective was to estimate the incidence rate and the frequency of subjects experiencing ABPA exacerbation. The key secondary objectives were to evaluate the factors predicting ABPA exacerbation and the changes in serum total IgE seen during treatment.

Results

We included 182 subjects. Eighty‐one (44.5%) patients experienced 120 exacerbations during 512 patient‐years of follow‐up. The incidence rate of ABPA exacerbations was 234/1000 patient‐years. Most (73/81, 90.1%) subjects experienced ABPA exacerbation within three years of stopping therapy. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, peripheral blood eosinophil count ≥1000 cells/μL (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.43; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–4.67), the extent of bronchiectasis (aOR 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03–1.18), age (aOR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94–0.99), and female sex (aOR 2.16; 95% CI, 1.10–4.24) independently predicted ABPA exacerbation after adjusting for serum total IgE and high‐attenuation mucus. The best cut‐off for serum total IgE after 6 weeks for identifying treatment response and ABPA exacerbations was a 20% decline and a 50% increase, respectively.

Conclusions

ABPA exacerbations were common within 3 years of stopping treatment. Age, female sex, peripheral blood eosinophilia and the extent of bronchiectasis predicted ABPA exacerbations. The optimal serum total IgE cut‐off for defining ABPA response and exacerbations is a 20% decline and a 50% increase, respectively.
Combination therapy with itraconazole and terbinafine for phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala spinifera: A case report and literature review
Authors: Zhu Xianzhong , Ma Jianchi , Zheng Bowen , Cai Wenying , Li Jiahao , Lin Li , Xi Liyan , Li Xiqing , Lu Sha
Published: August 2023

Exophiala spinifera is a rare dematiaceous fungus causing cutaneous, subcutaneous and disseminated phaeohyphomycosis (PHM). Standard antifungal therapy for PHM is still uncertain. Here, we report a case of a Chinese male with PHM caused by E. spinifera, who received significant clinical improvement after the treatment with oral itraconazole and terbinafine. With the aim of evaluating the antifungal therapy for PHM caused by E. spinifera, a detailed review was performed.
Development and validation of a multivariable prediction model in pediatric liver transplant patients for predicting intensive care unit length of stay
Authors: Siddiqui Asad , Faraoni David , Williams R. J. , Eytan Danny , Levin David , Mazwi Mjaye , Ng Vicky L. , Sayed Blayne A. , Laussen Peter , Steinberg Benjamin E.
Published: August 2023

Background

Liver transplantation is the life‐saving treatment for many end‐stage pediatric liver diseases. The perioperative course, including surgical and anesthetic factors, have an important influence on the trajectory of this high‐risk population. Given the complexity and variability of the immediate postoperative course, there would be utility in identifying risk factors that allow prediction of adverse outcomes and intensive care unit trajectories.

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model of prolonged intensive care unit length of stay in the pediatric liver transplant population.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive pediatric isolated liver transplant recipients at a single institution between April 1, 2013 and April 30, 2020. All patients under the age of 18 years receiving a liver transplant were included in the study (n = 186). The primary outcome was intensive care unit length of stay greater than 7 days.

Results

Recipient and donor characteristics were used to develop a multivariable logistic regression model. A total of 186 patients were included in the study. Using multivariable logistic regression, we found that age < 12 months (odds ratio 4.02, 95% confidence interval 1.20–13.51, p = .024), metabolic or cholestatic disease (odds ratio 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.01–7.07, p = .049), 30‐day pretransplant hospital admission (odds ratio 8.59, 95% confidence interval 2.27–32.54, p = .002), intraoperative red blood cells transfusion >40 mL/kg (odds ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.12–9.81, p = .030), posttransplant return to the operating room (odds ratio 11.45, 95% confidence interval 3.04–43.16, p = .004), and major postoperative respiratory event (odds ratio 32.14, 95% confidence interval 3.00–343.90, p < .001) were associated with prolonged intensive care unit length of stay. The model demonstrates a good discriminative ability with an area under the receiver operative curve of 0.888 (95% confidence interval, 0.824–0.951).

Conclusions

We develop and validate a model to predict prolonged intensive care unit length of stay in pediatric liver transplant patients using risk factors from all phases of the perioperative period.
RVE2, a new regulatory factor in jasmonic acid pathway, orchestrates resistance to Verticillium wilt
Authors: Liu Fujie , Cai Sheng , Ma Zhifeng , Yue Haoran , Xing Liangshuai , Wang Yingying , Feng Shouli , Wang Liang , Dai Lingjun , Wan Hui , Gao Jianbo , Chen Mengfei , Rahman Mehboob‐ur‐ , Zhou Baoliang
Published: August 2023

Verticillium dahliae, one of the most destructive fungal pathogens of several crops, challenges the sustainability of cotton productivity worldwide because very few widely‐cultivated Upland cotton varieties are resistant to Verticillium wilt (VW). Here, we report that REVEILLE2 (RVE2), the Myb‐like transcription factor, confers the novel function in resistance to VW by regulating the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway in cotton. RVE2 expression was essentially required for the activation of JA‐mediated disease‐resistance response. RVE2 physically interacted with TPL/TPRs and disturbed JAZ proteins to recruit TPL and TPR1 in NINJA‐dependent manner, which regulated JA response by relieving inhibited‐MYC2 activity. The MYC2 then bound to RVE2 promoter for the activation of its transcription, forming feedback loop. Interestingly, a unique truncated RVE2 widely existing in D‐subgenome (GhRVE2D) of natural Upland cotton represses the ability of the MYC2 to activate GhRVE2A promoter but not GausRVE2 or GbRVE2. The result could partially explain why Gossypium barbadense popularly shows higher resistance than Gossypium hirsutum. Furthermore, disturbing the JA‐signalling pathway resulted into the loss of RVE2‐mediated disease‐resistance in various plants (Arabidopsis, tobacco and cotton). RVE2 overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance to VW. Collectively, we conclude that RVE2, a new regulatory factor, plays a pivotal role in fine‐tuning JA‐signalling, which would improve our understanding the mechanisms underlying the resistance to VW.
A novel function of the tomato CALCINEURIN‐B LIKE 10 gene as a root‐located negative regulator of salt stress
Authors: Estrada Yanira , Plasencia Félix , Ortíz‐Atienza Ana , Faura Celia , Flores Francisco B. , Lozano Rafael , Egea Isabel
Published: August 2023

Climate change exacerbates abiotic stresses like salinization, negatively impacting crop yield, so development of strategies, like using salt‐tolerant rootstocks, is crucial. The CALCINEURIN B‐LIKE 10 (SlCBL10) gene has been previously identified as a positive regulator of salt tolerance in the tomato shoot. Here, we report a different function of SlCBL10 in tomato shoot and root, as disruption of SlCBL10 only induced salt sensitivity when it was used in the scion but not in the rootstock. The use of SlCBL10 silencing rootstocks (Slcbl10 mutant and RNAi line) improved salt tolerance on the basis of fruit yield. These changes were associated with improved Na+ and K+ homoeostasis, as SlCBL10 silencing reduced the Na+ content and increased the K+ content under salinity, not only in the rootstock but also in the shoot. Improvement of Na+ homoeostasis in Slcbl10 rootstock seems to be mainly due to induction of SlSOS1 expression, while the higher K+ accumulation in roots seems to be mainly determined by expression of LKT1 transporter and SlSKOR channel. These findings demonstrate that SlCBL10 is a negative regulator of salt tolerance in the root, so the use of downregulated SlCBL10 rootstocks may provide a suitable strategy to increase tomato fruit production under salinity.
UV‐B responses in the spotlight: Dynamic photoreceptor interplay and cell‐type specificity
Authors: Depaepe Thomas , Vanhaelewyn Lucas , Van Der Straeten Dominique
Published: August 2023

Plants are constantly exposed to a multitude of external signals, including light. The information contained within the full spectrum of light is perceived by a battery of photoreceptors, each with specific and shared signalling outputs. Recently, it has become clear that UV‐B radiation is a vital component of the electromagnetic spectrum, guiding growth and being crucial for plant fitness. However, given the large overlap between UV‐B specific signalling pathways and other photoreceptors, understanding how plants can distinguish UV‐B specific signals from other light components deserves more scrutiny. With recent evidence, we propose that UV‐B signalling and other light signalling pathways occur within distinct tissues and cell‐types and that the contribution of each pathway depends on the type of response and the developmental stage of the plant. Elucidating the precise site(s) of action of each molecular player within these signalling pathways is key to fully understand how plants are able to orchestrate coordinated responses to light within the whole plant body. Focusing our efforts on the molecular study of light signal interactions to understand plant growth in natural environments in a cell‐type specific manner will be a next step in the field of photobiology.
Wald's leadership: Public health nurses’ response to the 1918 influenza pandemic
Authors: Wanyo Carol A.
Published: August 2023

COVID‐19 pandemic brings to light similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic, one of the deadliest outbreaks in United States history. The work of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service also referred to the public health nurses for that time, was a critical part of the New York City response. This case study examined Lillian Wald's leadership in directing the public health nursing response in New York City during the second wave of the influenza pandemic, from September through December of 1918. A historical social framework was used. Primary sources included the Lillian Wald Papers in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in New York, Wald's (1934) Windows on Henry Street, medical, public health and nursing documents, journals, and newspaper articles published during the early 20th century. Secondary source material include works by historians Sarah Abrams, Arlene Keeling, Karen Buhler‐Wilkerson, Sandra Lewenson, John Barry, and Alfred Crosby. Key findings included developing a community wide strategic plan, using data driven decisions, implementing visiting nursing services, teaching in the home, and maintaining a diverse workforce. Lessons learned can guide leadership in emergency planning, system change, infection control and disease prevention, all familiar practices of public health nursing.
Lobbying responsiveness to congressional policy agendas
Authors: Fagan E. J. , Furnas Alexander C.
Published: August 2023

We examine the strategic use of contract and in‐house lobbyists by interest groups in response to shifting policy agendas. The role that lobbyists play in the policy process changes based on the policy agenda. Most of the time, subsystems manage small changes to public policy, rewarding actors with long‐term relationships. Organizations with a deep interest in the issue area maintain permanent lobbying presences, earning some degree of privilege over policymaking. However, when the broader macropolitical agenda lurches toward the issue, new participants become involved. New participants often lack the lobbying expertise of the in‐house lobbyists of established actors. Contract lobbyists play a critical role in providing spare capacity on‐demand, allowing participants not normally involved in subsystems to lobby. They also allow the best‐resourced actors, who may employ a long‐term lobbying presence, to further expand it when necessary. We test this theory using a new dataset of the lobbying content of 1,370,396 bill mentions in U.S. lobbying disclosure reports by 11,842 organizations from 2006 to 2016. We compare their policy agenda to that of the U.S. Congress. We find strong evidence that organizations hire contract lobbyists to respond to brief moments of agenda setting while permanent in‐house lobbyists have a more stable agenda.
A Riemann–Hilbert approach to computing the inverse spectral map for measures supported on disjoint intervals
Authors: Ballew Cade , Trogdon Thomas
Published: August 2023

We develop a numerical method for computing with orthogonal polynomials that are orthogonal on multiple, disjoint intervals for which analytical formulae are currently unknown. Our approach exploits the Fokas–Its–Kitaev Riemann–Hilbert representation of the orthogonal polynomials to produce an method to compute the firstNrecurrence coefficients. The method can also be used for pointwise evaluation of the polynomials and their Cauchy transforms throughout the complex plane. The method encodes the singularity behavior of weight functions using weighted Cauchy integrals of Chebyshev polynomials. This greatly improves the efficiency of the method, outperforming other available techniques. We demonstrate the fast convergence of our method and present applications to integrable systems and approximation theory.
Insights on the uplift mechanism of the eastern Tibetan Plateau from the flexural isostasy study
Authors: Shi Wen , Chen Shi , Zhang Huai , Zhang Zhen , Han Jiancheng
Published: August 2023

It is generally believed that the rapid uplift of the eastern Tibetan Plateau is due to the continuous continental collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. But the uplift mechanisms of the eastern Tibetan Plateau remain uncertain. The analysis of flexural isostasy can provide new insights into those uplifting mechanisms. In this study, the effective elastic thickness () and load ratio () of the lithosphere are estimated around the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The derived and are used to compute flexural isostatic anomalies (FIA) using the theoretical Bouguer admittance method. We find the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is dominated by low , high , and significant negative FIA. Our results suggest that this area has a weak lithosphere with heavy subsurface loadings and crustal mass surpluses. This supports that a middle‐lower crustal channel flow probably underlies this region.
Attuning to ambiguous atmospheres: Currents of air, discourse and time in a steel town
Authors: Roberts Erin , Groves Christopher , Thomas Gareth , Shirani Fiona , Cherry Catherine , Pidgeon Nick , Henwood Karen
Published: August 2023

How atmospheric pollution is perceived by urban dwellers has long been a topic of interest within geography and the social sciences, whether to draw attention to environmental injustices, to better understand the materialities and affects associated with polluted air, or to grasp how people ‘tune in’ to polluted matter. In this paper, we draw on three interrelated geographical and social science literatures on polluted air to inform our exploration of how residents of an industrial town in the UK encounter and perceive localised ambient air pollution. Using creative methods, we explore residents' narrative accounts of everyday life in the town, revealing how their engagements with the matter of pollution over time are drawn from multiple registers, giving rise to a plurality of perceptions filled with tensions between near and far, and between past, present and future, producing an ambiguous atmosphere all of its own. The paper contributes to geographic explorations of urban atmospheres an understanding of how they are differently experienced and known, and how residential perceptions might persist or change over different timescales.
Advancements in water and ecological risk assessment in the Yellow River Delta, North China: Implications for legal frameworks in environmental protection and public health
Authors: Huo Yifan , Yang Mei , Lei Mengyue , Wu Peng , Tian Xiaohe , Yang Tingzhang , Wang Zhao , Mao Yan
Published: August 2023

The Yellow River Delta (YRD) is an important agricultural and industrial region in China, yet its water resources have been increasingly affected by shortages and pollution due to human activities and the impact of climate change. This has resulted in severe damage to the water ecosystem in the YRD, thereby necessitating the adoption of effective legal measures to safeguard these resources. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent research findings on water resources and water ecology in the YRD. Specifically, it summarizes the changes and characteristics of the geographical distribution, quantity and quality of water resources in the region and analyzes the effects of climate change, economic development and population growth on water resources. In light of the vulnerability and risks to the water resources and ecosystems in this area, this paper evaluates the impact of human activities on regional water security and proposes strategies for the sustainable utilization of water resources and the protection of public health. The insights and measures presented in this paper provide valuable guidance and references for water resource management and environmental protection in the YRD.
Association between proton pump inhibitor use and neurological or psychiatric disorders: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lin Jialing , Liao Peiwen , Qian Jiahui , Qin Yang , Xu Daxin , He Wen-Qiang , Liang Xuting , Qin Xiwen
Published: August 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to examine the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and neurological and/or psychiatric disorders in adults.

Introduction:

The association between PPIs and neurological and/or psychiatric disorders remains unclear, despite the widespread use of the medicine. A systematic review is required to investigate the risk of developing neurological and/or psychiatric disorders following the use of PPIs.

Inclusion criteria:

Studies including participants aged ≥18 years and using any PPIs, including those with comorbid conditions or using other medications, will be considered for inclusion. Randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies examining the association of neurological and/or psychiatric disorders with the use of PPIs among adults will be included.

Methods:

MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases will be searched from inception till the present. Two authors will independently screen and review the titles, abstracts, and full texts. The methodological quality of included studies will be assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklists. Study characteristics, populations, type and duration of PPI usage, status of existing neurological and/or psychiatric disorders, comorbidity conditions, use of other medications, identification of neurological and/or psychiatric disorders (International Classification of Diseases codes vs others), and estimation of the associated neurological and/or psychiatric disorders will be extracted. Studies will be pooled using statistical meta-analysis where available; otherwise, the findings will be presented in narrative format. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach for grading the certainty of evidence will be followed.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42022355543
ATP modulates the activity of the voltage‐gated proton channel through direct binding interaction
Authors: Kawanabe Akira , Takeshita Kohei , Takata Maki , Fujiwara Yuichiro
Published: August 2023

ATP is an important molecule implicated in diverse biochemical processes, including the modulation of ion channel and transporter activity. The voltage‐gated proton channel (Hv1) controls proton flow through the transmembrane pathway in response to membrane potential, and various molecules regulate its activity. Although it is believed that ATP is not essential for Hv1 activity, a report has indicated that cytosolic ATP may modulate Hv1. However, the detailed molecular mechanism underlying the effect of ATP on Hv1 is unknown, and whether ATP is involved in the physiological regulation of Hv1 activity remains unclear. Here, we report that cytosolic ATP is required to maintain Hv1 activity. To gain insight into the underlying mechanism, we analysed the effects of ATP on the mouse Hv1 channel (mHv1) using electrophysiological and microscale thermophoresis (MST) methods. Intracellular ATP accelerated the activation kinetics of mHv1, thereby increasing the amplitude of the proton current within the physiological concentration range. The increase in proton current was reproduced with a non‐hydrolysable ATP analogue, indicating that ATP directly influences Hv1 activity without an enzymatic reaction. The direct molecular interaction between the purified mHv1 protein and ATP was analysed and demonstrated through MST. In addition, ATP facilitation was observed for the endogenous proton current flowing through Hv1 in the physiological concentration range of ATP. These results suggest that ATP influences Hv1 activity via direct molecular interactions and is required for the physiological function of Hv1.

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Key points

We found that ATP is required to maintain the activity of voltage‐gated proton channels (Hv1) and investigated the underlying molecular mechanism.

Application of intracellular ATP increased the amplitude of the proton current flowing through Hv1, accompanied by an acceleration of activation kinetics.

The direct interaction between purified Hv1 protein and ATP was quantitatively analysed using microscale thermophoresis.

ATP enhanced endogenous proton currents in breast cancer cell lines.

These results suggest that ATP influences Hv1 activity via direct molecular interactions and that its functional characteristics are required for the physiological activity of Hv1.