bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emi2 enables centriole amplification during multiciliated cell differentiation
Authors: Kim Seongjae , Chien Yuan-Hung , Ryan Amy , Kintner Chris
Published: April 2022

Massive centriole amplification during multiciliated cell (MCC) differentiation is a notable example of organelle biogenesis. This process is thought to be enabled by a derived cell cycle state, but the key cell cycle components required for centriole amplification in MCC progenitors remain poorly defined. Here, we show thatemi2(fbxo43) expression is up-regulated and acts in MCC progenitors after cell cycle exit to transiently inhibit anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)cdh1activity. We find that this inhibition is required for the phosphorylation and activation of a key cell cycle kinase, plk1, which acts, in turn, to promote different steps required for centriole amplification and basal body formation, including centriole disengagement, apical migration, and maturation into basal bodies. This emi2-APC/C-plk1 axis is also required to down-regulate gene expression essential for centriole amplification after differentiation is complete. These results identify an emi2-APC/C-plk1 axis that promotes and then terminates centriole assembly and basal body formation during MCC differentiation.
Role of oxygen vacancies in colossal polarization in SmFeO
3−δ
thin films
Authors: Li Hao , Yang Yali , Deng Shiqing , Zhang Linxing , Cheng Sheng , Guo Er-Jia , Zhu Tao , Wang Huanhua , Wang Jiaou , Wu Mei , Gao Peng , Xiang Hongjun , Xing Xianran , Chen Jun
Published: April 2022

The orthorhombic rare-earth manganates and ferrites multiferroics are promising candidates for the next generation multistate spintronic devices. However, their ferroelectric polarization is small, and transition temperature is far below room temperature (RT). The improvement of ferroelectricity remains challenging. Here, through the subtle strain and defect engineering, an RT colossal polarization of 4.14 μC/cm
2
is achieved in SmFeO
3−δ
films, which is two orders of magnitude larger than its bulk and is also the largest one among the orthorhombic rare-earth manganite and ferrite family. Meanwhile, its RT magnetism is uniformly distributed in the film. Combining the integrated differential phase-contrast imaging and density functional theory calculations, we reveal the origin of this superior ferroelectricity in which the purposely introduced oxygen vacancies in the Fe-O layer distorts the FeO
6
octahedral cage and drives the Fe ion away from its high-symmetry position. The present approach can be applied to improve ferroelectric properties for multiferroics.
Multiplexed imaging mass cytometry of the chemokine milieus in melanoma characterizes features of the response to immunotherapy
Authors: Hoch Tobias , Schulz Daniel , Eling Nils , Gómez Julia Martínez , Levesque Mitchell P. , Bodenmiller Bernd
Published: April 2022

Intratumoral immune cells are crucial for tumor control and antitumor responses during immunotherapy. Immune cell trafficking into tumors is mediated by binding of specific immune cell receptors to chemokines, a class of secreted chemotactic cytokines. To broadly characterize chemokine expression and function in melanoma, we used multiplexed mass cytometry–based imaging of protein markers and RNA transcripts to analyze the chemokine landscape and immune infiltration in metastatic melanoma samples. Tumors that lacked immune infiltration were devoid of most of the profiled chemokines and exhibited low levels of antigen presentation and markers of inflammation. Infiltrated tumors were characterized by expression of multiple chemokines.
CXCL9
and
CXCL10
were often localized in patches associated with dysfunctional T cells expressing the B lymphocyte chemoattractant
CXCL13.
In tumors with B cells but no B cell follicles, T cells were the sole source of
CXCL13
, suggesting that T cells play a role in B cell recruitment and potentially in B cell follicle formation. B cell patches and follicles were also enriched with TCF7
+
naïve-like T cells, a cell type that is predictive of response to immune checkpoint blockade. Our data highlight the strength of targeted RNA and protein codetection to analyze tumor immune microenvironments based on chemokine expression and suggest that the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures may be accompanied by naïve and naïve-like T cell recruitment, which may contribute to antitumor activity.
Separation anxiety: Splitting PD-L1 from CD80 suppresses autoimmunity
Authors: Bracey Nathan A. , Maltzman Jonathan S.
Published: April 2022

A monoclonal antibody targeting CD80 on antigen presenting cells disrupts cis-interactions with PD-L1, reviving T cell inhibitory checkpoint signaling to suppress autoimmunity.
Supplemental Material: The dynamic floor of Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA: The last 14 k.y. of hydrothermal explosions, venting, doming, and faulting
Authors: Morgan L.A. , al. et
Published: April 2022

Table S1: Coring locations, site data, and geologic environment. Table S2: Chemical data from electron microprobe analyses of glass grains from Yellowstone tephra samples and from established standard samples of Mazama tephra, Glacier Peak tephra, and Yellowstone rhyolites. Table S3: Characteristics of limnic facies in sediments from Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, USA, modified after Tiller (1995). Table S4: Estimates of deposit volumes from Mary Bay and Elliott’s Crater hydrothermal explosions and energy produced.
Pulmonary Artery Bleed from an Eloesser flap
Authors: Patel Chandni , Ellington Graham Reed , Okorodudu Dale
Published: April 2022

An open thoracic window involves the creation of a semi-permanent pleural-cutaneous connection to treat chronic organising empyemas, bronchopleural fistulas and postpneumonectomy empyemas in patients too ill for video-assisted thoracic surgery decortication. An Eloesser flap is a type of open thoracic window. Antibiotics have made the use of Eloesser flaps and other open thoracic windows for treatment of empyemas rare. Consequently, not much is known about the chronic complications of open thoracic windows. However, structural compromise of vasculature secondary to chronic inflammation has been previously proposed as a mechanism for spontaneous pulmonary haematomas related to anatomic deformation. We depict a case of spontaneous pulmonary arterial bleed presenting as chest wall haemorrhage due to a chronic modified Eloesser flap.
Rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm: a rare cause of acute ischaemic chest pain in the emergency department
Authors: Baid Himanshi , Vempalli Nagasubramanyam , Shukla Krishna , Asokan Reshma
Published: April 2022

Acute chest pain is a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits in the adult population. However, patients with a life-threatening cause of chest pain comprise only a small fraction, hence identification of those who need immediate intervention is very important. One rare cause is rupture of the aneurysm, which may present with a wide variety of symptomatology, including anginal chest pain. In a busy ED, evaluation of chest pain suggestive of myocardial ischaemia needs to cater to early identification of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), limit over investigating patients for low or intermediate probability of ACS and appropriate decision making for discharge, to reduce ED over boarding. Validated scores for evaluating the low or intermediate probability chest pain like the HEART pathway may miss such rare diagnoses in the absence of ECG changes, requiring high degree of suspicion and individualisation of patient care.
Students’ attitudes toward experimental physics in a conceptual inquiry-based introductory physics lab
Authors: Doucette Danny , Clark Russell , Singh Chandralekha
Published: April 2022

There is some evidence that conceptual inquiry-based introductory physics lab curricula, such as RealTime Physics, may improve students’ understanding of physics concepts. Thus, these curricula may be attractive for instructors who seek to transform their physics labs to improve student learning. However, the impact of conceptual inquiry-based lab instruction on students’ attitudes and beliefs about experimental physics, as measured by the E-CLASS (Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey for Experimental Physics) survey, is not yet fully understood. We present data from three curricular approaches over four semesters ( n = 701). We saw no change in E-CLASS scores in the first implementation of a conceptual inquiry-based introductory physics lab. However, the addition of questions that asked students to reflect on issues relating to experimental physics was associated with E-CLASS outcomes that are comparable to other effective approaches to lab instruction.
Generalised Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes in f(R) gravity
Authors: Sokoliuk Oleksii , Mandal Sanjay , Sahoo P. K. , Baransky Alexander
Published: April 2022

In this manuscript, we construct generalized Ellis–Bronnikov wormholes in the context of f(R) modified theories of gravity. We consider that the matter driving the wormhole satisfies the energy conditions so that it is the effective energy–momentum tensor containing the higher-order derivatives of curvature terms that violate the null energy condition. Thus, the gravitational fluid is interpreted by the higher-order derivatives of curvature terms to represent the wormhole geometries and is fundamentally different from its counter representation in general relativity. In particular, we explore the wormhole geometries by presuming various well-known forms of Lagrangian f(R). In addition, for the seek of completeness, we discuss modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov, volume integral quantifier, and total gravitational energy.
Nef and abundant divisors, semiampleness and canonical bundle formula
Authors: Chaudhuri Priyankur
Published: April 2022

In this paper, we use canonical bundle formulas to prove various generalizations of an old theorem of Kawamata on the semiampleness of nef and abundant log canonical divisors. In particular, we show that for klt pairs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] effective, [Formula: see text] nef, nefness and abundance of [Formula: see text] implies semiampleness. This essentially extends Kawamata’s theorem to the setting of generalized abundance.
Do some virtual bound states carry torsion trace?
Authors: Petti Richard James
Published: April 2022

This paper presents theoretical arguments that certain virtual bound states carry the trace component of affine torsion. The motivation for this work is that Einstein–Cartan theory, which extends general relativity by including torsion to model intrinsic angular momentum, is becoming more credible. We are not aware of any situation for which there is evidence or substantial argument for the presence of torsion trace, except in the continuum theory of edge dislocations in crystals. The main evidence for the hypothesis consists of analogies between the structure of virtual bound states and (a) geometry of dislocations in crystal lattices, which are modeled with torsion; and (b) modeling of intrinsic angular momentum by torsion in Einstein–Cartan theory and the theory of micro-elasticity. The work focuses on conjectured presence of torsion in para-positronium, which intermediates annihilation of an electron and a positron with opposite z-spins. If the virtual bound state carries torsion, then the local law of conservation of angular momentum can hold over the spacelike separation during annihilation.
Toward a Period-specific Optimized Neural Network for OCR Error Correction of Historical Hebrew Texts
Authors: Suissa Omri , Zhitomirsky-Geffet Maayan , Elmalech Avshalom
Published: April 2022

Over the past few decades, large archives of paper-based historical documents, such as books and newspapers, have been digitized using the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology. Unfortunately, this broadly used technology is error-prone, especially when an OCRed document was written hundreds of years ago. Neural networks have shown great success in solving various text processing tasks, including OCR post-correction. The main disadvantage of using neural networks for historical corpora is the lack of sufficiently large training datasets they require to learn from, especially for morphologically rich languages like Hebrew. Moreover, it is not clear what are the optimal structure and values of hyperparameters (predefined parameters) of neural networks for OCR error correction in Hebrew due to its unique features. Furthermore, languages change across genres and periods. These changes may affect the accuracy of OCR post-correction neural network models. To overcome these challenges, we developed a new multi-phase method for generating artificial training datasets with OCR errors and hyperparameters’ optimization for building an effective neural network for OCR post-correction in Hebrew. To evaluate the proposed approach, a series of experiments using several literary Hebrew corpora from various periods and genres were conducted. The obtained results demonstrate that (1) training a network on texts from a similar period dramatically improves the network's ability to fix OCR errors, (2) using the proposed error injection algorithm, based on character-level period-specific errors, minimizes the need for manually corrected data and improves the network accuracy by 9%, (3) the optimized network design improves the accuracy by 3% compared to the state-of-the-art network, and (4) the constructed optimized network outperforms neural machine translation models and industry-leading spellcheckers. The proposed methodology may have practical implications for digital humanities projects that aim to search and analyze OCRed documents in Hebrew and potentially other morphologically rich languages.
RecorDIM of Iran's Cultural Heritage Using an Online Virtual Museum, Considering the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Pirbazari Alireza Gholinejad , Tabrizi Sina Kamali
Published: April 2022

The virtual visits to cultural heritage sites have significantly increased due to the Coronavirus pandemic and related restrictions on face-to-face visits to historical cultural sites. Many people visit these sites to get acquainted with the culture of the past, researchers to access original and primary documents, and experts to manage information and adopt decision-making policies. In Iran, there is no virtual museum with the capability of displaying its cultural heritage. Thus, the present study aims to present how an online virtual museum can be created in a simple and low-cost way to integrate tangible and intangible cultural heritage documents. This virtual museum integrates the virtual tours of historical monuments, 3D models of museum objects, images, and videos introducing cultural heritage objects. Moreover, with all types of data stored on it, the museum can be useful for the public, researchers, and experts in various fields, improving cultural heritage conservation. Finally, a more comprehensive approach is proposed to digitally integrate cultural heritage documents. This approach can be applied to other countries with common concerns.
Triangle Dropping: An Occluded-geometry Predictor for Energy-efficient Mobile GPUs
Authors: Corbalán-Navarro David , Aragón Juan L. , Anglada Martí , Parcerisa Joan-Manuel , González Antonio
Published: April 2022

This article proposes a novel micro-architecture approach for mobile GPUs aimed at early removing the occluded geometry in a scene by leveraging frame-to-frame coherence, thus reducing the overall energy consumption. Mobile GPUs commonly implement a Tile-Based Rendering (TBR) architecture that differentiates two main phases: the
Geometry Pipeline
, where all the geometry of a scene is processed; and the
Raster Pipeline
, where primitives are rendered in a framebuffer. After the Geometry Pipeline, only non-culled primitives inside the camera’s frustum are stored into the
Parameter Buffer
, a data structure stored in DRAM. However, among the non-culled primitives there is a significant amount that are rendered but non-visible
at all
, resulting in useless computations. On average, 60% of those primitives are completely occluded in our benchmarks. Despite TBR architectures use on-chip caches for the Parameter Buffer, about 46% of the DRAM traffic still comes from accesses to such buffer. The proposed
Triangle Dropping
technique leverages the visibility information computed along the Raster Pipeline to predict the primitives’ visibility in the next frame to
early
discard those that will be totally occluded, drastically reducing Parameter Buffer accesses. On average, our approach achieves overall 14.5% energy savings, 28.2% energy-delay product savings, and a speedup of 20.2%.
Deep Inter Prediction with Error-Corrected Auto-Regressive Network for Video Coding
Authors: Hu Yuzhang , Yang Wenhan , Liu Jiaying , Guo Zongming
Published: April 2022

Modern codecs remove temporal redundancy of a video via inter prediction,
i.e.,
searching previously coded frames for similar blocks and storing motion vectors to save bit-rates. However, existing codecs adopt block-level motion estimation, where a block is regressed by reference blocks linearly and is doomed to fail to deal with non-linear motions. In this article, we generate virtual reference frames (VRFs) with previously reconstructed frames via deep networks to offer an additional candidate, which is not constrained to linear motion structure and further significantly improves coding efficiency. More specifically, we propose a novel deep Auto-Regressive Moving-Average (ARMA) model, Error-Corrected Auto-Regressive Network (ECAR-Net), equipped with the powers of the conventional statistic ARMA models and deep networks jointly for reference frame prediction. Similar to conventional ARMA models, the ECAR-Net consists of two stages: Auto-Regression (AR) stage and Error-Correction (EC) stage, where the first part predicts the signal at the current time-step based on previously reconstructed frames, while the second one compensates for the output of the AR stage to obtain finer details. Different from the statistic AR models only focusing on short-term temporal dependency, the AR model of our ECAR-Net is further injected with the long-term dynamics mechanism, where long temporal information is utilized to help predict motions more accurately. Furthermore, ECAR-Net works in a configuration-adaptive way,
i.e.,
using different dynamics and error definitions for the Low Delay B and Random Access configurations, which helps improve the adaptivity and generality in diverse coding scenarios. With the well-designed network, our method surpasses HEVC on average 5.0% and 6.6% BD-rate saving for the luma component under the Low Delay B and Random Access configurations and also obtains on average 1.54% BD-rate saving over VVC. Furthermore, ECAR-Net works in a configuration-adaptive way,
i.e.,
using different dynamics and error definitions for the Low Delay B and Random Access configurations, which helps improve the adaptivity and generality in diverse coding scenarios.
Parasitic Plants: An Overview of Mechanisms by Which Plants Perceive and Respond to Parasites
Authors: Jhu Min-Yao , Sinha Neelima R.
Published: April 2022

In contrast to most autotrophic plants, which produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis, parasitic plants obtain water and nutrients by parasitizing host plants. Many important crop plants are infested by these heterotrophic plants, leading to severe agricultural loss and reduced food security. Understanding how host plants perceive and resist parasitic plants provides insight into underlying defense mechanisms and the potential for agricultural applications. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of host perception of parasitic plants and the pre-attachment and post-attachment defense responses mounted by the host. Since most current research overlooks the role of organ specificity in resistance responses, we also summarize the current understanding and cases of cross-organ parasitism, which indicates nonconventional haustorial connections on other host organs, for example, when stem parasitic plants form haustoria on their host roots. Understanding how different tissue types respond to parasitic plants could provide the potential for developing a universal resistance mechanism in crops against both root and stem parasitic plants.
The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death
Authors: Case Anne , Deaton Angus
Published: April 2022

Deaths of despair, morbidity, and emotional distress continue to rise in the United States, largely borne by those without a college degree—the majority of American adults—for many of whom the economy and society are no longer delivering. Concurrently, all-cause mortality in the United States is diverging by education in a way not seen in other rich countries. We review the rising prevalence of pain, despair, and suicide among those without a bachelor's degree. Pain and despair created a baseline demand for opioids, but the escalation of addiction came from pharma and its political enablers. We examine the politics of despair, or how less-educated people have abandoned and been abandoned by the Democratic Party. Whereas healthier states once voted Republican in presidential elections, now the less-healthy states do. We review deaths during COVID-19, finding that mortality in 2020 maintained or exacerbated existing relative mortality differences between those with and without college degrees.
Teaching Metal-Organic Frameworks to Conduct: Ion and Electron Transport in Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Kharod Ruby A. , Andrews Justin L. , Dincă Mircea
Published: April 2022

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an expansive class of extended solids formed by coordination bonding between metal ions/clusters and organic ligands. Although MOFs are best known for their intrinsic porosity, they are now also emerging as an unusual set of porous, electrical, and ionic conductors that could address a number of applications in energy storage and generation. In this review, we focus on intrinsic ionic conductivity in MOFs and outline approaches for achieving high ionic conductivities. First, we highlight the use of noncoordinating acidic groups to integrate anions into MOF organic linkers. Next, we discuss the use of open metal sites to anchor anions and generate mobile ions. Then, we discuss the use of postsynthetic modifications to graft anions onto ligands and defect sites. Finally, we outline several unexplored approaches to improving ionic conductivity in MOFs and highlight several potential new applications.
Neuromodulation and Neurophysiology on the Timescale of Learning and Decision-Making
Authors: Grossman Cooper D. , Cohen Jeremiah Y.
Published: April 2022

Nervous systems evolved to effectively navigate the dynamics of the environment to achieve their goals. One framework used to study this fundamental problem arose in the study of learning and decision-making. In this framework, the demands of effective behavior require slow dynamics—on the scale of seconds to minutes—of networks of neurons. Here, we review the phenomena and mechanisms involved. Using vignettes from a few species and areas of the nervous system, we view neuromodulators as key substrates for temporal scaling of neuronal dynamics.
Sacrificial Silver Recovery during Nanoporous Gold Formation by Electrolytic Dealloying of Gold-Silver Alloy
Authors: Corsi John S. , Fu Jintao , Wang Lin , Welborn Samuel S. , Wang Zeyu , Detsi Eric
Published: April 2022

Electrolytic dealloying has proven to be a practical technique for fabricating nanoporous metals such as nanoporous Au (NP-Au). This widely studied material has novel properties that are useful in applications ranging from chemical sensing to energy storage. Building off the success of this field, issues concerning the sustainability of fabricating NP-Au through dealloying need to be further explored, such as the large amount of valuable sacrificial Ag material dissolved in solution after dealloying is complete. In this work, an electrolytic cell is created consisting of a Au–Ag alloy foil working electrode and a Ag foil counter and reference electrode immersed in a non-aqueous Ag+ ion electrolyte. When a small overpotential is applied, the working electrode is dealloyed to form NP-Au. Unique to this configuration, Ag removed from the working electrode is simultaneously plated on the counter electrode, resulting in high yield recovery of Ag sacrificial material, which can be used to create new Au–Ag parent alloys. This integrated process of simultaneous dealloying and recovery of the sacrificial material significantly improves the sustainability and economic viability of dealloying. From these results, a generalized electrolytic dealloying fabrication procedure is derived that can be extended to a wide range of nanoporous metals.
Short-term salicylate treatment improves microvascular endothelium-dependent dilation in young adults with major depressive disorder
Authors: Greaney Jody L. , Saunders Erika F. H. , Alexander Lacy M.
Published: April 2022

Our data indicate that short-term treatment with therapeutic doses of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor salsalate improved nitric oxide (NO)-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). In adults with MDD, acute localized scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with apocynin improved NO-dependent dilation before, but not after, salsalate administration. These data suggest that activation of NF-κB, in part via stimulation of vascular ROS production, contributes to blunted NO-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation in young adults with MDD.
Bioinformatic Characterization of Whole Blood Neutrophils in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Potential Prognostic Indicator for Transumbilical Single-Port Laparoscopic Pelvic Abscess Surgery
Authors: Li Haining , Hu Yanling , Liu Dan , Wang Juanjuan , Han Panpan , Zhang Nan , Li Yan
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this research is to determine the prognosis of patients treated with transumbilical single-port laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness. Postoperative data on 129 patients treated with laparoscopic surgery for acute pelvic inflammatory illness were obtained retrospectively. It was observed that the shorter the time required for postoperative leukocyte recovery to normal, the shorter the time required for postoperative pain and diet recovery, as well as hospital stay, in such individuals. CIBERSORT was used to examine patient data from GEO. The most significant difference between the normal and pelvic inflammatory groups was in neutrophil content. Association study found a substantial positive correlation between the quantity of neutrophils infiltrating the immune system and the abundance of monocyte M0 infiltrating the immune system. Neutrophil immune infiltration was strongly inversely linked with plasma cells, activated CD8+ Tm cells, and active CD4+ Tm cells. Four mRNAs linked with pelvic inflammatory illness were revealed to be strongly associated with neutrophil immune infiltration, notably CALML4, COQ10B, DCPS, and PPP2R1A. The ROC revealed that CALML4 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.769, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.638–0.881), COQ10B (AUC: 0.742, 95% CI: 0.587–0.881), PPP2R1A (AUC: 0.733 95% CI: 0.593–0.857), and DCPS (AUC: 0.745, 95% CI: 0.571–0.900) were potential markers for predicting pelvic inflammatory disease. CALML4, COQ10B, PPP2R1A, and DCPS may be critical determinants determining the amount of preoperative neutrophil infiltration and the time required for leukocyte recovery after single-port laparoscopy in acute pelvic inflammatory illness.
Computer Vision Positioning and Local Obstacle Avoidance Optimization Based on Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Yang Lei , Lei Weimin
Published: April 2022

Due to the rapid development of social computerization and smart devices, there is an increasing demand for indoor positioning of mobile robots in the robotics field, so it is very important to realize the autonomous navigation of mobile robots. However, in indoor scenes, due to factors such as dark walls, the global positioning system cannot effectively locate, and the broadband and wired positioning technologies used indoors have problems such as base station laying and delay. Computer vision positioning technology has greatly improved the camera hardware due to its simple equipment and low cost. Compared with other sensor cameras, it is less affected by environmental changes, so visual positioning has received extensive attention. Image matching has become the most critical link in visual positioning. The accuracy, speed, and robustness of image matching directly determine the results of visual positioning, so image matching has become the main topic of this study. In this study, the neural network algorithm is systematically optimized, especially for the robot’s local obstacle avoidance, and an obstacle data acquisition method based on VGG16 and fast RCNN is proposed. In order to solve the problem that the semantic image segmentation algorithm based on AlexNet and ResNet is difficult to accurately obtain the information of multiple objects, and an image semantic segmentation algorithm combined with VGG16 is designed to classify the background and road in the image at the pixel level and capture the path boundary line. The collection of robot obstacle path information improves the speed and accuracy of highly automated local obstacle avoidance. This study uses neural network algorithms to systematically optimize computer vision positioning and also studies the accuracy optimization of local obstacle avoidance, aiming to promote its better development.
Fuzzy Comprehensive Safety Evaluation of Pipeline Disaster in China-Russia Crude Oil Permafrost Region Based on Improved Analytic Hierarchy Process-Entropy Weight Method
Authors: Shen Yangyang , Chen Dongxu , Zhang Min , Zuo Ting
Published: April 2022

Considering the difficulty in evaluating pipeline safety in permafrost region, the pipeline disaster safety evaluation index system in permafrost region is analyzed and established. A comprehensive weight determination method based on improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, entropy weight method and Lagrange algorithm is proposed, and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of permafrost pipeline safety is established. Taking the disaster safety evaluation of pipeline in the China-Russia crude oil permafrost region as an example, the proposed method is used to determine the comprehensive weight of disaster safety index of permafrost pipeline and carry out comprehensive safety evaluation. The rationality of the comprehensive weight determination method is verified by comparing with the performance of the traditional AHP evaluation method.
Comparison of the Effects of Intramedullary Nailing and Plate Fixation on Lower-Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis after Tibial Fractures
Authors: Cong Yuxuan , Deng Hongli , Lei Jinlai , Ke Chao , Han Shuang , Zhang Kun , Huang Hai
Published: April 2022

Lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is prone to occur after internal fixation of tibial fractures. This study analyzed the effect of intramedullary nailing (IMN) and plate fixation (PF) on lower-extremity DVT, providing reliable reference and guidance for future clinical treatment of tibial fractures. Sixty-eight patients with tibial fractures admitted to Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, between February 2019 and October 2020 were selected as research participants, of which 32 cases treated with open reduction and locking-compression plate fixation were assigned to the FP group and 36 cases treated with closed reduction and interlocking IMN were included in the FN group. The two groups were compared regarding the following items: clinical efficacy, operation, rehabilitation, joint function, pain, inflammatory factors (IFs), incidence of adverse reactions (ARs), blood loss, prognosis, and quality of life (QoL). The related factors affecting the occurrence of DVT were analyzed. The results identified no evident difference in the overall response rate between the two groups (

P
>
0.05

). The FN group showed longer operation time, higher incidence of ARs, and better rehabilitation, while there were lower incision length, VAS score, and IF levels (

P
<
0.05

). The results revealed no significant difference in estnimated blood volume(EBV) and the incidence of DVT between the two groups(

P
>
0.05

); however, the total blood loss (TBL), hidden blood loss (HBL), and blood transfusion rates in FN group were higher while the visible blood loss (VBL) was lower compared to the FP group (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic regression analysis identified that blood transfusion, VBL, HBL, TBL, and treatment methods were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of lower-extremity DVT (

P
<
0.05

). In addition, the prognostic QoL was better in the FN group (

P
<
0.05

). Therefore, closed reduction and interlocking IMN are more effective than open reduction and locking-compression plate fixation in the treatment of tibial fractures, but patients are more likely to suffer from lower-extremity DVT. In the future, it is necessary to carefully choose the treatment method in the treatment of tibial fracture patients to ensure their rehabilitation.
Automated Facial Expression Recognition Framework Using Deep Learning
Authors: Saeed Saad , Shah Asghar Ali , Ehsan Muhammad Khurram , Amirzada Muhammad Rizwan , Mahmood Asad , Mezgebo Teweldebrhan
Published: April 2022

Facial expression is one of the most significant elements which can tell us about the mental state of any person. A human can convey approximately 55% of information nonverbally and the remaining almost 45% through verbal communication. Automatic facial expression recognition is presently one of the most difficult tasks in the computer science field. Applications of facial expression recognition (FER) are not just limited to understanding human behavior and monitoring person’s mood and the mental state of humans. It is also penetrating into other fields such as criminology, holographic, smart healthcare systems, security systems, education, robotics, entertainment, and stress detection. Currently, facial expressions are playing an important role in medical sciences, particularly helping the patients with bipolar disease, whose mood changes very frequently. In this study, an algorithm, automated framework for facial detection using a convolutional neural network (FD-CNN) is proposed with four convolution layers and two hidden layers to improve accuracy. An extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+) dataset is used that includes facial images of different males and females with expressions such as anger, fear, disgust, contempt, neutral, happy, sad, and surprise. In this study, FD-CNN is performed in three major steps that include preprocessing, feature extraction, and classification. By using this proposed method, an accuracy of 94% is obtained in FER. In order to validate the proposed algorithm, K-fold cross-validation is performed. After validation, sensitivity and specificity are calculated which are 94.02% and 99.14%, respectively. Furthermore, the f1 score, recall, and precision are calculated to validate the quality of the model which is 84.07%, 78.22%, and 94.09%, respectively.
A New Multicontinuum Model for Advection-Diffusion Process of Single-Phase Nonlinear Flow in a Multiscale Fractured Porous Media
Authors: Owusu Richard , Sakyi Adu , Amoako-Yirenkyi Peter , Dontwi Isaac Kwame
Published: April 2022

Fractured porous media modeling and simulation has seen significant development in the past decade but still pose a great challenge and difficulty due to the multiscale nature of fractures, domain heterogeneity, and the nonlinear flow fields due to the high flow velocity and permeability resulting from the presence of fractures. Therefore, modeling fluid transport that is influenced by both advection and diffusion in fractured porous media studies becomes a generic problem, which this study seeks to address. In this paper, we present a study on non-Darcian fluid transport in multiscale naturally fractured reservoirs via an upscaling technique. An averaged macroscopic equation representing pressure distribution in a three-phase multiscale fractured porous medium was developed, consisting of the matrix and a 2-scale fractured network of length-scales

ℓ

m

and

ℓ

M

. The resulting macroscopic model has cross-advective and diffusive terms that account for induced fluxes between the interacting domains, as well as a mass transfer function that is dependent on both physical and geometric properties of the domain, with both advective and diffusive properties. This model also has effective diffusive and advective coefficients that account for reservoir properties such as viscosity, fluid density, and flow velocity. From the numerical simulation, a radial, a horizontal-linear flow behavior, and a transient and quasi-steady-state flow regime that is typical of naturally fractured porous media was observed. The findings of this study will provide researchers a reliable tool to study fractured porous media and can also help for better understanding of the dynamics of flow in fractured reservoirs.
Pharmaceutical Care Service at Primary Health Care Centers: An Insight on Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Al Zaidan Manal , Mohammed Azza Mustafa , Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Izham , Al Mahmoud Mashael , Al Abdulla Samya , Al-Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith
Published: April 2022

Background. Patient’s health care experiences and satisfaction are frequently used as a healthcare quality indicator. Aim. The study aims to evaluate the level of patient satisfaction with the pharmacy services provided at the Primary Health Care Corporation’s (PHCC) pharmacies in Qatar. Methods. This study is a cross-sectional survey conducted in December of 2019. The study’s setting is the Primary Health Care centers’ pharmacies. All adult patients (≥18 years old) with mobile phone numbers documented on file who had their prescription orders filled at the PHCC’s pharmacy units in 2019 were included in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to present the findings. The significance level was set at the alpha level of 0.05. Results. The usable responses were 9,564 from the total participants. Around 55.2% (N = 5,283) were males, 56.5% (N = 5,405) were in the age group (25–40), 19.2% (N = 1,837) were Qatari nationals, 39.7% (N = 3,801) had their medication dispensed in the Central Region of the State of Qatar, and 72.8% (N = 6,964) had at least undergraduate or higher degrees. The overall mean (SD) satisfaction score was (3.24 ± 0.629). Participants were less satisfied with their pharmacist’s communication, especially offering information about medication’s side effects (2.61 ± 1.2) and general health counselling (2.39 ± 1.2). Respondents were also less satisfied with waiting time (3.02 ± 1.3). Waiting time, gender, age, nationality, geographical region of the pharmacy, educational level, and familiarity with the PHCC were significantly associated with satisfaction level. Conclusion. The patients were reasonably satisfied, and the satisfaction level differed among different sociodemographic groups. Based on the public’s needs and expectations, pharmacists need to continuously improve their effort to enhance the healthcare quality in the organization.
Clinical Value of Serum miRNA in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
Authors: Zhang Bei , Pei Zhixin , Wang Hongxia , Bai Junjun , Wang Junjie , Zhao Yingxin , Jiang Mei , Wu Huimin , Song Qinglin
Published: April 2022

Objective. To explore the clinical value of specific miRNA in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Methods. 129 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia diagnosed in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2020 were selected as the observation group. At the same time, 74 patients with nonacute promyelocytic leukemia who underwent bone marrow aspiration were included as the control group. The expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13, different characteristic parameters, and prognosis were compared between the two groups, and the clinical significance of miR-126-5p and miR-13 in acute promyelocytic leukemia was analyzed. Results. The expression of miR-126-5p (

12.31
±
2.25

versus

17.30
±
3.28

) and miR-13 (

16.05
±
3.47

versus 21.66 ± 2.18) in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (

P
<
0.05

). The expression level of miR-126-5p was significantly correlated with lactate dehydrogenase level, HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (

P
<
0.05

). The expression level of miR-13 was significantly correlated with HGB level, NPM1 mutant type, and complete remission (

P
<
0.05

). Both expression levels of miR-126-5p and miR-13 were not correlated with sex, age, WBC, PLT, proportion of bone marrow primordial cells, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, lymph node enlargement, and FLT3-ITD (

P
>
0.05

). Cox multivariate regression analysis showed that peripheral blood WBC, bone marrow blast cell count, and miR-126-5p and miR-13 were prognostic factors in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (

P
<
0.05

). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-126-5p prediction were 75.83%, 84.56%, 82.17%, and 0.729, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and AUC of serum miR-13 prediction were 78.64%, 88.49%, 86.20% and 0.882, respectively. Conclusion. Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 are closely related to the prognosis of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. Serum miR-126-5p and miR-13 can be used as reliable indexes to predict the prognosis of patients.
Human-Computer Interaction with Detection of Speaker Emotions Using Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Alnuaim Abeer Ali , Zakariah Mohammed , Alhadlaq Aseel , Shashidhar Chitra , Hatamleh Wesam Atef , Tarazi Hussam , Shukla Prashant Kumar , Ratna Rajnish
Published: April 2022

Emotions play an essential role in human relationships, and many real-time applications rely on interpreting the speaker’s emotion from their words. Speech emotion recognition (SER) modules aid human-computer interface (HCI) applications, but they are challenging to implement because of the lack of balanced data for training and clarity about which features are sufficient for categorization. This research discusses the impact of the classification approach, identifying the most appropriate combination of features and data augmentation on speech emotion detection accuracy. Selection of the correct combination of handcrafted features with the classifier plays an integral part in reducing computation complexity. The suggested classification model, a 1D convolutional neural network (1D CNN), outperforms traditional machine learning approaches in classification. Unlike most earlier studies, which examined emotions primarily through a single language lens, our analysis looks at numerous language data sets. With the most discriminating features and data augmentation, our technique achieves 97.09%, 96.44%, and 83.33% accuracy for the BAVED, ANAD, and SAVEE data sets, respectively.
miRNA-Mediated Low Expression of EPHX3 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis and Tumor Immune Infiltration in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Ding Shun , Hong Qichao , Duan Tingting , Xu Zhengyang , He Qing , Qiu Dongqin , Li Lin , Yan Jingren , Zhang Qimeng , Mu Zhonglin
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the regulatory role of epoxide hydrolase 3 (EPHX3) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and to analyze its bioinformatic function, as well as, to screen and predict the miRNAs that can regulate EPHX3 expression in HNSCC. We examined the expression profile and prognostic potential of EPHX3 in TCGA and GTEX databases and performed functional enrichment analysis of EPHX3 using string database. Subsequently, we analyzed the regulatory role of miRNAs on EPHX3, including expression analysis, correlation analysis, and survival analysis. In addition, we also used TIMER to investigate the relationship among EPHX3 expression level, immune checkpoints, and immune infiltration in HNSCC. The results of data analysis after TGCA showed that EPHX3 is a key regulator of tumorigenesis in 13 cancers and can be used as a marker of poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that miR-4713-3p is a key miRNA of EPHX3 in HNSCC. Together, our findings indicate that EPHX3 exerts its anticancer effects by suppressing tumor immune checkpoint expression and immune cell infiltration. Overall, our data uncovered miRNA-mediated EPHX3 downregulation as a contributor to poor HNSCC prognosis and reduced tumor immune infiltration.
Connectedness between Gold and Cryptocurrencies in COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Frequency‐Dependent Asymmetric and Causality Analysis
Authors: Barson Zynobia , Junior Peterson Owusu , Adam Anokye M. , Asafo-Adjei Emmanuel
Published: April 2022

We employ a frequency‐dependent asymmetric and causality analysis to investigate the connectedness between gold and cryptocurrencies during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hence, the variational mode decomposition‐based quantile regression is utilised. Findings from the study divulge that the variational mode functions at the lower quantiles are mostly significant and negative indicating that gold acts as a safe haven, a diversifier at most market conditions with insignificant coefficients, and a hedge at normal market conditions for most cryptocurrencies at various investment horizons. Particularly, hedging benefits mostly occur in the short‐ and medium‐term for Bitcoin and Ripple, as well as Bitcoin and Dogecoin in the long‐term with gold. This implies that there is high persistence in the hedging properties of gold with Bitcoin, followed by Ripple. We notice more significant relationship between gold and some cryptocurrencies in the long‐term of the COVID‐19 pandemic relative to the medium‐term emphasising the delayed responses of prices to information. Investors are recommended to be observant and mindful of investing in these markets due to the different dynamics.
Preparation, Encapsulation, and Performance Evaluation of Ternary Phase Change Materials for Building Envelope
Authors: Zhu Hongzhi , Guo Bin , Li Zhi
Published: April 2022

Background. In order to make up for the defect that a single phase change material cannot meet the phase change temperature in a specific application field, three kinds of materials with higher phase change temperature are selected in this paper. Through the phase change material composite method, it was adopted to carry out step cooling curve test and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test, based on the second law of thermodynamics and the theory of phase equilibrium. DSC thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) characterization were carried out. The phase change diatomite was used for packaging materials and durability evaluation. The results show that when TD‐MA : LA = 6.2 : 3.8, the phase transition temperature of the experimental ternary composite phase change material is 20.1°C. The adsorption of diatomite to phase change material (PCM) is only physical adsorption, and the thermal stability is good after 100 phase change cycles. The maximum mass loss rate of phase change diatomite encapsulated by phenylpropene emulsion and cement powder is only 0.65%, at last, this phase change diatomite is suitable for building envelope structure.