bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasma Sprayed Coatings with Engineered Microstructures
Authors: Basu S.N. , Ye G. , Cui C. , Gevelber M. , Wroblewski D. , Fincke J.R. , Swank W.D.
Published: September 2022

An advanced closed loop control system that enables tight control of the particle and substrate states has been developed. This unique capability allows deposition of coatings under very controlled conditions. This enables the construction of detailed process/property maps that can lead to a fundamental understanding of the formation mechanisms of key microstructural features during the plasma deposition process. The microstructural development during processing is discussed in light of the physics of microcrack formation during plasma deposition, including the effect of particle and substrate states on splat solidification, thermal gradients and residual stresses.
Phase Precipitation in NiCoCrAlY Bondcoat at High Temperature
Authors: Koomparkping T. , Damrongrat S. , Niranatlumpong P.
Published: September 2022

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on a surface of a gas turbine blade to provide a thermal barrier and oxidation resistant properties for the components. The ability to resist oxidation of the coating arises from the self-healing, protective Al2O3 scale on top of the bondcoat, which is formed during service. However, if Al depletion occurs within the coating, the protective scale will lose its self-healing ability, and hence, its oxidation resistant property. This paper investigated the depletion of Al within the bondcoat by studying the microstructure of the bondcoat on a gas turbine blade after it has been in 4,000 hour service at 1,200°C. The results showed that Al depletion had occurred at a different level throughout the turbine blade. In the area where Al depletion had not yet occurred, precipitation of a (Ni,Al)-rich phase was detected. Most of the Al was contained within this phase, leaving only small amount of Al in the surrounding matrix. A well-defined boundary was observed between the depleted and non-depleted regions.
Influence of Polymer Composition on the Deposition of UHMWPE Coatings
Authors: Gawne D.T. , Bao Y. , Zhang T.
Published: September 2022

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has remarkable properties in the bulk state and has substantial potential for use as a protective coating on metals. However, the molecular architecture responsible for these exceptional properties also causes difficulties in the formation of coatings by flame spraying. This paper studies two UHMWPE materials with molecular weights of 2 million and 6 million. The flow of splats for each UHMWPE and blends of selected polyethylenes were characterized and a model developed for the flow of these polymers with respect to polymer composition, viscosity and thermal spray parameters. The model was applied to the polyethylene system and the experimental results show that controlling the composition and the process parameters is essential for the deposition of high-quality coatings.
Evaluation of Thermally Sprayed and Other Polymeric Coatings for use in Natural Gas Pipeline Components
Authors: Vuoristo P. , Leivo E. , Turunen E. , Leino M. , Järvelä P. , Mäntylä T.
Published: September 2022

Several polymeric coatings, including flame sprayed polyethylene (PE), were evaluated for use in parts of natural gas pipelines. The components of interest were for instance large valves, T-joints, weld joints of pipes and pipe bends. More than 30 different coatings were selected to laboratory scale testing and evaluation. After first preliminary tests, the most potential coatings were selected further for more detailed and long term laboratory scale studies. After these tests were finished, one coating concept, i.e. fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) + flame sprayed PE, was prepared on a small natural gas valve body for demonstration purposes. Besides this coating concept, also some other coatings, e.g. liquid epoxy + flame sprayed PE and some polyurethane coatings were found to be potential coatings for the application. The test methods and results are presented in this paper.
Fracture and Rheological Behavior of Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing
Authors: Kireitseu M.
Published: September 2022

In the present paper rheological behavior of the Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing was examined. The requirements to the rheological models were formulated regarding adequate strain-strain state of the bearing. Rheological models of the composite sliding bearing have been proposed and were confirmed by in-situ experiments using principal Hertzian theory as the background. Load rating tests have revealed ultimate stresses of the sliding bearing and the strain-deformation modes of the sliding bearing ’ elements. The Oxide Aluminum-Polymer Composite Sliding Bearing was presented in the form of the complex elastic-tenacious-plastic rheological model. The metal-polymer layer was modeled by the rheological model consisted from two elastic elements and one tenacious element. As a prototype of the model, we studied a model comprising the Maxwells’ model and an elastic element. In general, a rheological equation depends on a level and form of strain applied. Analysis of the models and experimental results revealed better understanding of nanocomposite fracture and degradation mechanics. The nanocomposite exhibits linear relation of strain curve, whereas unloaded composite shows retardation of deformations (elastic return). The relations of experimental data and calculated data revealed very close agreement of developed rheological model and real mechanical behavior of the nanocomposite.
EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BEER GROATS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SEMIFINISHED FISH PRODUCTS
Authors: IVANIUTA ANASTASIIA , MENCHYNSKA ALINA , OCHKOLIAS OLENA , QU XIAOQING , NESTERENKO NATALIIA
Published: September 2022

The relevance of this study is conditioned upon the practical need to use beer groats as a structure-forming agent in the technology of fish moulded semifinished products. In this regard, this study is aimed at identifying the effectiveness of using beer groats in the technology of fish moulded semifinished products, namely the organoleptic and functional-technological properties of finished products. To solve the tasks set, generalisations, comparisons, and the following research methods were used: moisture content – by drying the sample to a constant mass; ash content – by the generally accepted weight method; fat content – by the Soxlet method; protein content determination – by the Kjeldahl method according to DSTU 8030, DSTU 8718; weight loss during heat treatment of samples was determined by weighing before and after heat treatment. This paper presents the results of studies of the physical and chemical parameters of minced meat from chilled and frozen common rudd, namely: water retention capacity, stability of the emulsion and weight loss upon heat treatment, which confirmed the need to use structure-forming agents to improve the functional and technological properties of minced meat. The results of studies of the viscosity and stickiness of minced fish indicate that the adhesive properties of muscle tissue are reduced when frozen. This can be explained by the fact that denaturation changes occur during freezing, which affect the protein structure. The paper presents the results of studies of the chemical composition of beer groats, depending on the degree of grinding. During the research, it was found that the composition of beer groats with a particle size of less than 0.73 mm is the best choice for adding as a structure-forming agent, more than 0.73 mm is advisable to use as breading. A comparative organoleptic evaluation of the quality of finished fish products with different breadings showed that breading fish cutlets in beer groats is promising, as it improves the organoleptic indicators of the quality of the finished product: the crispy crust gives the finished dish an attractive appearance and complements the taste. The practical value of this paper lies in the possibility of using research data in the brewing, fishing, and other branches of the food industry for effective, waste-free use of raw materials to produce high-quality goods
JUSTIFICATION OF POWER PARAMETERS OF THE PROCESS OF SEMI-FLUIDISATION FREEZING OF FRUIT AND BERRY PRODUCTS
Authors: PALAMARCHUK IHOR , KIURCHEV SERHII , VERKHOLANTSEVA VALENTYNA , BORODYCH BOHDAN , LEBSKA TETIANA
Published: September 2022

The existing semi-fluidisation devices are described by high-energy consumption during operation, heavy metal structure, and complexity of the drive mechanism. Therefore, the search for effective heat exchange schemes in low-temperature processing of fruit and vegetable products, provided that its damage and energy consumption for the process are minimised, constitutes the relevance of this study. The purpose of this study was to determine and substantiate the amplitude-frequency and power mode parameters of the vibration wave driving organ of the semi-fluidisation machine for freezing fruit and berry products, the regularities of changes in the main characteristics of low-frequency vibrations in the process under study. To perform these tasks, an experimental model of a semi-fluidisation machine with a vibration wave driving organ was developed and a set of special devices was manufactured in the form of a microcontroller system that provides measurement and automatic adjustment of the main parameters of the process under study. Intensification of heat exchange in the process of fluidisation freezing in the conditions of a pseudo-suspended state of products is described by a high heat transfer coefficient, which can exceed typical convective processes by several orders of magnitude; an increase in the active heat exchange surface up to 100% is observed; the contact surface with the energy carrier increases proportionally, which leads to a decrease in the active temperature difference; there is a 2-3 times decrease in internal friction in the mass of products and, accordingly, the technological resistance in the mass of loading is reduced, which is a potential for increasing the technical and economic characteristics of the low-temperature processing under study. The practical value of this study can be attributed to the application of vibro-slush freezing of the proposed structure with a vibration-wave product driver and a spatial elastic system for levelling out parasitic vibrations, which allows simplifying the structure, reducing power loads and, accordingly, energy costs
MEAT PRODUCTION AND GROWTH OF INTERNAL ORGANS AND ADIPOSE TISSUE IN BULLS, OBTAINED FROM THE SELECTION OF THEIR PARENTS ACCORDING TO THE INDEX OF SIMILARITY OF SYSTEM B ANTIGENS OF BLOOD GROUPS
Authors: UGNIVENKO ANATOLII , NATALYCH OLEKSANDR
Published: September 2022

During reproductive crossing, the genetic diversity of animals increases and the problem of consolidating livestock by type and productivity arises. Blood group antigens are one of the factors that indicate genetic variability, so they can be used as markers when selecting parent pairs. The purpose of this study was to analyse the meat productivity, development of internal organs and accumulation of adipose tissue in 18-month-old bulls derived from different selection of their parents according to the index of antigenic similarity (ras) of the B system of blood groups at the first stages of a complex reproductive cross between Simmental and grey Ukrainian cattle with breeders of Charolais and Kian breeds. According to the value of ras, the bulls were divided into two groups. In the first – from a homogeneous selection of parents (over 0.268; n=9); in the second – from heterogeneous (ras up to 0.267; n=7). After slaughtering the bulls, the meat productivity, mass, and output of the head, liver, lungs, and other organs and glands of internal secretion were determined. Intermuscular, interstitial, perirenal, pregastric, intestinal, and pericardial fat were separated and weighed. With homogeneous selection of parents, their sons, in comparison with their peers from heterogeneous mating, show a tendency to increase the content of muscles (by 4.2%), fat tissue in carcasses (by 12.4%), including between muscles (by 1.1 points). There is 11.6% less pulp per kilogram of bones, 17.2% worse muscle tissue index, 7.8% less absolute weight of liver, 10.0% of kidney, 27.8% of heart, head – by 2.0% and lungs – by 11.6%. In bulls, from the heterogeneous selection of parents with ras to 0.267, there is 7.2% more fat tissue in the body, including internal fat tissue by 7.8%, the relative mass of bones is 0.8 points higher. The practical use of homogeneous selection according to antigens of blood groups of crossbreed parents allows improving the morphological composition of the carcasses of their offspring. Heterogeneous selection promotes better development of internal organs, which are less valuable slaughter products
Genus Pratylenchus Filipjev: multientry and monoentry keys and diagnostic relationships (Nematoda: Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: Ryss A.Y.
Published: September 2022

Tabular (multientry) key to Pratylenchus is presented, and functioning of the computerized multientry image-operating key developed on the basis of the stepwise computer diagnostic system BIKEY-PICKEY is described. Monoentry key to Pratylenchus is given, and diagnostic relationships are analysed with the routine taxonomic methods as well as with the use of BIKEY diagnostic system and by the cluster tree analysis using STATISTICA program package. The synonymy Pratylenchus scribneri Steiner in Sherbakoff & Stanley, 1943 = P. jordanensis Hashim, 1983, syn. n. is established. Conclusion on the transition from amphimixis to parthenogenesis as one of the leading evolutionary factors for Pratylenchus is drawn.
Фармацевтичний ринок України: тенденції розвитку в умовах пандемії COVID-19
Authors: ПРИТУЛЬСЬКА Наталія , МОТУЗКА Юлія , КОШЕЛЬНИК Анна
Published: September 2022

Вступ. Сучасний фармацевтичний ринок України й світу включає виробництво лікар­ських засобів, дієтичних добавок, лікуваль­ної косметики, засобів гігієни та виробів медичного призначення, зокрема медичного трикотажу, дитячих товарів, медичного облад­нання тощо. Проблема. Нині фармацевтична продук­ція входить до групи товарів першої необ­хідності. Враховуючи стрімке зростання спо­живчого попиту, а також розширення пере­ліку товарних категорій, що входять до "аптечного кошика", дослідження фармацев­тичного ринку саме в період пандемії COVID-19 є вкрай актуальним. Мета статті – дослідження динаміки роз­витку фармацевтичного ринку України та визначення його основних тенденцій в умо­вах пандемії COVID-19. Методи. Використано методи статис­тичного та системного аналізу, узагаль­нення, порівняння тощо. Основна інформа­ційна база дослідження – дані міжнародних та вітчизняних організацій, наукові джерела, інтернет-ресурси. Результати дослідження. Протягом остан­ніх років спостерігаються активний розвиток українського фармацевтичного ринку, значне збільшення обсягів продажу фармацевтичної продукції. Це пояснюється зростанням по­питу на засоби індивідуального захисту, ме­дичні технічні прилади для діагностики стану хворого та засоби для подолання наслідків коронавірусної хвороби. Встановлено, що частка закордонних вироб­ників переважає над вітчизняними, а біль­шість продажів становлять товари високої вартості. Висновки. Фармацевтичний ринок про­тя­гом останніх років демонструє суттєве зростання, оскільки, по-перше, збільшено обсяг споживання лікарських засобів більш висо­кої цінової категорії. По-друге, розвиток ринку значною мірою зумовлений епідеміо­логіч­ною ситуацією. По-третє, спостерігається тенденція щодо збільшення частки дієтич­них добавок у загальній структурі ринку. Загалом усі підприємства з топ-20 вироб­ників продемонстрували зростання кількості продажів та своєї частки у загальних обсягах поставок товарів "аптечного кошика". Проблеми, пов’язані з технологічною та матеріальною базою, а також з низькою ку­пі­вельною спроможністю населення, пере­шкоджають динамічному розвитку фарма­цев­тичної галузі.
Audit in the digital economy
Authors: BEZVERKHYI Kostiantyn , PODDUBNA Nataliia
Published: September 2022

Introduction. The rapid transformational processes of the economy and the mass digitization of all spheres of life require clear, coherent and systematic approaches to the construction of their activities from the subjects of audit activity. Ukraine is not lagging behind in the introduction of the latest forms of control, and therefore actively incorporates the experience of EU countries into the domestic audit practice. Such a form of control, which is actively introduced into the practice of control and verification work, taking into account the experience of EU countries, is e-audit.

Problem. Serious concerns among users of financial statements, business entities, and entities of audit activities are caused by a massive increase in the amount of data, which requires interested users to search for new, progressive approaches to the construction of their activities, in particular, in terms of a conceptual change in the approach to the construction of the work of audit activities.

The aim of the study is to reveal the essence of the concept of «e-audit» and critically assess theore­tical and practical approaches to the transformation of audit activity in the context of modern business challenges.

Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: theoretical generalization and grouping, formalization, analysis and synthesis; logical generalization of the results.

Results. An author’s approach to revealing the essence of the conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been formed.

Conclusions. A conceptual and categorical apparatus of electronic audit has been developed, within which: the concept of «e-audit» is substan­tiated (systematic, independent and documented audit of the correctness, completeness, timeliness and compliance of data (operations, reporting and other documents), which is carried out using modern digital – technologies that automate processes and contribute to more effective achievement of the goal of electronic audit tasks), in which, unlike existing definitions, a systematic approach was applied, which allowed to characterize it from economic and audit approaches to the definition. This contributes to the deepening of the understanding of the essence of concepts, the unification of the terminological apparatus to increase the efficiency of decision-making in the field of control and verification work.
Nuevos registros de Dromiciops gliroides (Thomas, 1894) en el límite sur de su distribución en Argentina
Authors: Berrondo Matias , Bravo Susana
Published: September 2022

El género Dromiciops presenta una distribución restringida a zonas de bosques templado lluviosos del centro y sur de Argentina y Chile. Sin embargo, hacia los límites norte y sur de su distribución se han obtenido nuevos registros en los últimos años. En este trabajo reportamos nuevos registros en el Parque Nacional Los Alerces (noroeste del Chubut, Argentina), uno de los cuales representa el más austral de la especie Dromiciops gliroides obtenido hasta el momento en Argentina.
Dorsal hair morphology of some species of bats of southwestern Amazonia (Mammalia: Chiroptera): new descriptions of the cuticular pattern of guard hairs
Authors: Van Engelshoven Mariana C. , Brito Karen C. , Calouro Armando M. , Verde Rair S.
Published: September 2022

O presente estudo tem como objetivo fornecer novas informações sobre a morfologia dos pelos de guarda de morcegos na região sudoeste da Amazônia e atualizar uma chave de identificação dicotômica preexistente baseada em padrões tricológicos. Amostras de pelo de 21 espécies de morcegos do sudoeste da Amazônia foram estudadas. As impressões cuticulares foram classificadas em seis padrões morfológicos. Atualizamos uma chave dicotômica (família e subfamília) com a morfologia da estrutura capilar e observamos um padrão cuticular ainda não descrito na literatura para Saccopteryx canescens.
POLITICAL MODELS, MECHANISMS OF POWER AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES
Authors:   Institute of oriental studies, Russian academy of sciences (MOSCOW), MOSYAKOV Dmitry V.
Published: September 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of interaction in the countries of Southeast Asia of political systems and mechanisms of power. It is shown that in these states such structures are not always identical to each other. The author also seeks to prove that the image studied in the article – a real-life political process in the countries of Southeast Asia, cannot be fully displayed and understood within the framework of the most famous Western models of the functioning of political systems, that no interpretation, even the most talented one, can reveal the real essence and many features of the political process in this region of the world.
Improving Students’ Speaking Skills in English through Group Discussion and Classroom Interaction at Secondary School Level: Teachers' Perspective
Authors: Khan Ghulam Qadir , Shahzada Gulap , Shah Rahmat Ullah
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to investigate teachers' perspectives regarding improving students' speaking skills in English through group discussion and classroom interaction at the secondary school level in Bannu District. The population comprised of SSTs (secondary school teachers) of Government secondary schools of both genders (n=370) teaching English to grades 9 and 10. 119 male and 69 female teachers were selected through a stratified random sampling technique. Five-point Likert scale-based self-made instrument was used for data collection. It was a survey-type quantitative study. Mean and standard deviation was used as descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that teachers of both genders were in favour of group discussion and classroom interaction.
EFL School Teachers Perceptions about In-Service Trainings: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Malik Abdul , Soomro Niaz H. , Pathan Zahid H.
Published: September 2022

This study explores the perceptions of EFL school teachers about their in-service trainings in Balochistan, Pakistan. In addition to self-reflection and experiences, teacher trainings contribute to enhancing teachers' skilling, re skilling and up skilling with best classroom practices. However, not all teachers may have an opportunity to quality teacher trainings. Those who do, also carry varied views about in-service teacher training. This study attempted to unveil general perceptions of EFL teachers and the differences in perceptions of primary, middle, or high school EFL teachers in terms of motivation,attitude, ongoing learning, and factors affecting CPD in Balochistan. The findings show that there were no meaningful differences in perceptions of teachers in terms of factors affecting professional development, motivation, ongoing learning, and attitudes. As professional development is a life-long process, the study suggests that at least one CPD activity should be fixed for every EFL teacher each year to develop them professionally.
Impact of Teachers' self-compassion on Students' Academic Achievement at Secondary School Level
Authors: Safiullah  , Khan Rahim , Nadeem Hamid Ali
Published: September 2022

This descriptive research paper was to determine the impact of teachers' self-compassion and their impact on students' achievement. The population of this study was teachers and students. Two Districts, Peshawar and Charsadda, were chosen as an accessible population. There were 148government secondary schools for boys where 1649 teachers were teaching and 37349 students were enrolled, and 105 government secondary schools for girls where 917 teachers were teaching and 37420students were enrolled. A stratified random sampling technique was used, and a sample of 600 teacher's male and female teachers was selected. Similarly, a sample of 800 students' boys and girls, were selected for the study. Students' achievement scores were obtained from the class IX annual examination 2021results of BISEP. The data was analyzed through Pearson coefficient of correlation, and regression analysis was used to test of hypothesis. The study found a positive relationship between teachers' self-compassion and students' academic achievement.
A Contrastive Analysis of Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual Themes in English and Urdu
Authors: Yaqub Humaira
Published: September 2022

The present study deals with metafunctional diversity of thematic relations i.e. ideational, interpersonal and textual in English and Urdu. The objectives are: (1) to describe the functional significance particular to thematic progression (McCabe, 1999) of thematic structures in the English and the Urdu texts, and (2) to discuss how effectively the English thematic structures have been translated into Urdu. The English text Things Fall Apart by Achebe(1994) and its Urdu translation, Bikharti Duniya byUllah (1991) have been annotated through the annotation scheme of the UAM Corpus Tool(O`Donnell, 2008). The annotated English and Urdu clauses are analyzed to discuss their the maticstructures. The results show that the functional significance and thematic progression patterns are identical, but because of the unmotivated displacement of themes, the translation choices become ambiguous.To resolve ambiguities, possible translation choices have been suggested.
Students' Attitude and English Online Teaching during COVID-19 at Secondary School Level
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Asif , Munir Namra , Malik Navid Jamil
Published: September 2022

Student learning attitude is a crucial element in modern education. Studying attitudes helps students' learning process. The objective of the study is to find out students' attitudes about online English teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used a quantitative research design for the study, and that was a descriptive study in nature, and all the female public secondary schools and students in Punjab province made up the study's population.Sample of the study comprised four hundred students from five districts of Punjab province. A questionnaire was designed to collect data from the respondents, and after data collection from four hundred secondary school students, it was analyzed through SPSS and found the statistical techniques of frequency, mean score and standard deviation. The study concluded that most English teachers provided English newspapers to their students to educate them better on the English language.
English to Urdu Transliteration AS A Major Cause of Pronunciation Error in L1 and L2 Urdu Speakers of English: A Pedagogical Perspective
Authors: Ishtiaq Muhammad , Gul Nasim , Khan Yasir
Published: September 2022

This study aims to investigate the internalization of the transliterated English words in Urdu by Urdu speakers. In Urdu, words are spelt the same as they are pronounced. Consequently,everyday Urdu speakers presume the same as holding true also for English pronunciation and its orthography. Hence, the study explores the ways and processes influencing the pronunciation of certain English words by fresh undergraduate L1 and L2 Urdu speakers at university or college levels. A comprehensive list of 197 English words has been listed, along with the transcription of deviant as well as Standard British English. It can evidently be observed that educated L1 and L2 Urdu speakers articulate the words in a different or, in some cases,incorrect way. No doubt, they may be influenced by the negative transfer of features from L1. However, a considerable negative role is also found due to the transliteration of English words into Urdu.
ATF1 Regulating Signaling Pathways between Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells and Immortalized Epithelial Cells
Authors: Huang Guo-Liang
Published: September 2022

This study aims to provide a comprehensive pathway regulated by ATF1 and screen for differences between cancer and normal cells. Genome-wide mRNA expression microarrays were performed using RNA isolated from ATF1 over-expressing CNE1 and NP69 cells. The ATF1 regulating expression pattern and signaling was investigated by GO annotation, KEGG pathway and PPI network. A total of 1651 genes were found to be expressed differentially between CNE1-ATF1 and CNE1-control cells, 4304 genes were shown to be expressed differentially between NP69-ATF1 and NP69-control cells. In the GO annotation, KEGG analysis and PPI networks, pathways associated with cancer, apoptosis and cell proliferation exhibited the most significant correlation with ATF1 modulation in both cells. Different pathways were suggested as immune response in CNE1 cells and metabolism in NP69 cells. Taken together, the data of this study provide a comprehensive signaling pathway regulated by ATF1 and figure out the differences between cancer and normal cells.
The Emancipatory Design Manifesto: Let’s Suppose That Disability Does Not Exist
Authors: Rasmussen Jon Dag , Torkildsby Anne Britt
Published: September 2022

In this paper we present and propose the concept of Emancipatory Design (ED), which is an alternative way of thinking about the human being and the ever intricate relations between people, design, architecture and the built environment. The paper is given the form of a manifesto and has the overall aim to reflect critically on the possibility of design as a practice that potentially carry emancipatory effects in the everyday lives of particular human beings. Defining ED, we draw on notions from philosophy and the history of ideas to challenge the concept of human disability often at play in writings concerned with design and architecture. This approach allows for a provocative, disruptive and experimental attempt to relativize and cancel the notion of disability – and, subsequently, to explore the possibilities inherent to this maneuver in the realm of design thinking. With ED we propose a concept that works as a contribution to the community engaged in Universal Design (UD), as well as a gentle objection and critique of the abstract and intangible element of universality at play within this tradition.
Understanding Person-Environment Relationships as Criteria to Support the Operationalization of Universal Designing
Authors: Jonsson Oskar
Published: September 2022

To reach a broader understanding of person-environment relationships as building blocks for universal design in research and practice, this paper combine and discuss three types of interaction between individuals and environments – instrumental, non-instrumental, and non-physical – and five constituent concepts, i.e. accessibility, usability, aesthetic experience, the experience of meaning and emotional experience. Theoretical frameworks/models for person-environment relationships are synthesized and combined based on a literature review and the author’s previous experiences. The author proposes to classify accessibility and usability as instrumental person-environment interaction, aesthetic experience as non-instrumental interaction, and experience of meaning and emotional experience as non-physical interaction. At the same time, acknowledge the potential of the three types of interaction to embed cues and choices to accommodate the widest variety and number of people throughout their lifespans. This paper contributes to understanding person-environment relationships as criteria to support research strategies and the operationalization of universal designing.
‘Frontrunners” Understanding of Universal Design in Architecture
Authors: Grangaard Sidse , Lygum Victoria Linn
Published: September 2022

In Denmark, the building sector is in a state of transition towards Universal Design (UD). Thus, UD has not yet completely found its way into the practice of architects and their clients. Legislation about accessibility has dominated. This paper studies understandings of UD through a discourse analysis based on a survey among professionals with experience and interest in UD and professionals who were expected to keep their fingers on the pulse of the profession’s development. The findings illustrate the existence of five discourses: 1) Social sustainability, 2) Re-instatement of humans as a focal point, 3) It is not just about ramps, 4) Equality, and 5) Giving a voice. Across the discourses there exists a genuine attempt to legitimise and mainstream UD into the architectural practice, focusing on multisensory and architectural quality in the design of spaces for human diversity in all scales.
The Missing Voices of Disabled People
Authors: Kajita Masashi , Ballegaard Emil
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the development process of a graph database that connects statements posted by disabled people on various web-based platforms with accessibility requirements in the Danish Building Regulations (BR18). The aim is to bring the lived experience of disabled people into a vocabulary of space-making for architects. By elevating the missing voices of disabled people – describing what matters, how and why – the project supports the decision-making processes of architects to make the built environment more inclusive. The developed database relates statements posted by disabled people with sentences from paragraphs of BR18 through specific architectural features of room, element, and object. Using the architectural features as point of reference, the database not only highlights some of the most common building situations encountered by disabled people, but also allows anyone interested to explore their relationship to the real lives of disabled users and the statutory requirements.
Universal Design in Exhibit
Authors: Trieglaff Mark
Published: September 2022

Universal Design has become more prevalent in the general use of architectural design buT has rarely been applied to exhibits. This paper features two manuals developed for exhibit accessibility that incorporate several principles of Universal Design.
Personalised Solutions for Universal Goals. A Home Adaptation Project for Disabled People in Italy
Authors: Laurìa Antonio , Costa Paolo , Chiesi Leonardo
Published: September 2022

Home adaptation is a practice that addresses accessibility issues in the domestic environment of disabled people, introducing modifications to the spatial environment or devices which improve their autonomy and wellbeing, and that of their caregivers. Protocols developed to define the right adaptations for each home mainly rely on checklists to verify the normative compliance of the physical environment to predefined accessibility standards. However, these protocols fail to address the complexity of the social, cultural, and economic dimensions that structure the person-environment relationship, thus compromising the efficacy of the adaptations. The excessive rigidity of such approach relates to the current debate on the limits of Universal Design when applied to the domestic environment, and especially when directed to people with specific needs. As an example of a more productive approach, this essay illustrates ADA, a public funded action-research project that proposes home adaptations for severely disabled people. The paper discusses the innovative strategy of ADA, based on a high level of personalization, and its main tactics: interdisciplinarity, relational setting, and centrality of activities, both in the assessment of the users’ profiles and spaces, and in the design of the adaptations. This essay also evaluates the impact of the project, showing how in specific domains, such as those of ADA, personalization is the key to achieve the inclusive and sustainable goals of Universal Design.
Housing Development for All? Learnings from the Ars Longa Case
Authors: Pirinen Antti
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses the prerequisites of inclusive housing development based on the learnings from Ars Longa, a block of flats for artists, designers and authors in Helsinki, Finland, that was initiated by a group of elderly persons. The study draws from research on co-design and universal design in housing. Post Occupancy Evaluation is used as method of investigation. Interviews with four key actors trace the barriers and enabling factors in the housing development process and assess the final design outcome. The results highlight the role of public institutions in supporting resident-driven projects, the financing of projects as major barrier to laypeople, and the potential of concept design in integrating the needs of stakeholders. Joint design with adjacent plots made extensive shared spaces feasible and clever design moves enabled spatial flexibility, whereas the connection of co-design activities to building design was deemed weak. The study shows that continuous management and community building are needed for negotiating the use of spaces and for fostering agency and belonging among residents. The paper contributes to research on inclusive housing development through an empirical case.
SMARTAGING in Venice. Toward a Definition of Age-Friendly Neighbourhood
Authors: Revellini Rosaria
Published: September 2022

The growing population over 65 years old and the process of urbanization are two of the major challenges that the contemporary city has to address urgently. These issues require a rethinking of public spaces to ensure health and well-being and stimulate active ageing. The theme of age-friendly cities emerges in this context; it’s about inclusive cities harmonised with the Agenda 2030 goals and the Universal Design principles since they support people’s lives regardless of age, gender, and abilities. In particular, the neighbourhood scale represents the optimal one able to implement experimentations for the sustainable development of the city. Furthermore, the neighbourhood is generally the place of the elderly’s everyday life where they are encouraged to go out and maintain their daily habits thanks to the existence of a safe and good public realm. Starting from the case study of the Santa Marta neighbourhood in Venice, the author has conducted a multi-phase analysis to investigate the quality of outdoor public spaces and which activities are played in these spaces to understand how the urban experience and the quality of life of the elderlies can be improved. At the same time, both the good practices listed by the WHO for the achievement of age-friendly environments and some of the major neighbourhood sustainability assessment tools were studied, paying attention to the social dimension of sustainability, seen as an “accelerator” of urban well-being and inclusiveness. This paper aims to present the first results of an ongoing research, whose purpose is to draft a new tool able to measure the age-friendliness – called SMARTAGING protocol – of a selected neighbourhood. Specifically, the methodological framework will be better described. In this regard, the new protocol shall support administrations in the understanding of the phenomena related to ageing by directing active policies and design choices with an increasing focus on citizens and local and social issues acting complying with the principles of Universal Design.
Aging Neighborhood and Social Inclusion – A Case Study
Authors: Verma Ira
Published: September 2022

Currently, in Finland approximately one fifth of the population live in the neighborhoods built in the 1960s and 1970s. The built environment is aging, and at the same time the share of the oldest resident cohorts is growing. The neighborhood built environment and social cohesion become important for vulnerable groups, such as older people, who spend a lot of their time at home and in the surroundings. Urban densification and renewal of the old neighborhoods need to take into consideration the local population structure, their needs for the physical and social environment. This paper presents an ongoing case study. The objective was to recognize the meaningful spaces for inclusive social activities in the neighborhood, focusing on aging residents. Qualitative and mixed methods were used to study older people’s lived experiences and their relation to the neighborhood. The case study neighborhood is undergoing an important urban development process. A new service hub, with commercial and public services as well as a new metro station, is attracting seniors to move to the area. As most activities are concentrated in the new service hub, access to local services become more difficult for vulnerable groups. The spaces for informal social encounters within the neighborhood are getting fewer and more people of all ages are living in one-person households than previously. To build socially sustainable communities, the integration of all resident groups is important. Successful urban transformation benefits new residents, but also include current residents. The densification and renovation taking into account Universal Design principles can support the vitality, social cohesion, and attractiveness of a neighborhood.
Everyone Inside. Transformation of an Inaccessible Heterotopy. The Case of Buoncammino’s Prison
Authors: Musanti Francesca
Published: September 2022

The specific architectural typology of the prison, congenitally inaccessible to the urban morphological and cultural context in which it sets, as heterotopia carries in itself physical and cognitive barriers. The day after their abandonment, as happened for the former prison of Buoncammino in Cagliari, it’s interesting to understand what new relationships should be put in place to make it accessible to all of the city users, in both material and immaterial terms.
Beyond the Norm, the PEBA to Live in Udine
Authors: Conti Christina , Cioci Silvia , Sambrotta Teresa
Published: September 2022

The virtuous objectives of the United Nations 2030 Agenda look to inclusion and accessibility as matrices for an autonomous and independent life through the regeneration of urban agglomerations. The paper presents the case of the city of Udine which tried to take the opportunity of the PEBA and the consequent programming, to start a process of reviewing the contents, procedures, and interactions between the various administrative offices in a more general framework for the management of goods, spaces, and services. Following the agreement between the University and the Municipality of Udine, the dalt Laboratory has oriented its studies towards research aimed at a structural intervention solution at the beginning of the experimentation on the urban routes of Udine. At the same time, the SWOT survey on the national offices in charge of accessibility and environmental well-being has given rise to research aimed at identifying how many and which offices are dedicated to inclusion as personal services and those committed to environmental accessibility to understand the connection between the bodies supervised by the responsible technical managers. Crossing the norm of accessibility, the paper aims to highlight how the Udine experimentation can shift attention to the expansion of the degree of usability of a place and service by focusing on the promotion of an additive and adaptive process that does not look at the simple removal of barriers but also to a guaranteed awareness of a sharing culture for fair, healthy and safe use of collective goods (This contribution reports some of the results of a research conducted under the responsibility of Christina Conti as part of a broader scientific program and in response to a research agreement between the University of Udine and the Municipality of Udine and an agreement between the FVG Region, the University of Trieste and the University of Udine. The recognition of the single contribution of the authors and the authoritativeness of the texts is attributable to the different roles covered and in particular: Christina Conti of the addresses and the summary of the results, defined the structure of the contents of this contribution supervising the overall drafting with attention to the part ‘Introduction’ and ‘conclusions’ and is co-author with Silvia Cioci and Teresa Sambrotta of the paragraph ‘Results’. Silvia Cioci, postdoctoral research fellow for the program with the Municipality of Udine, has defined the contents, the general references as well as having carried out the editorial review of the contribution. The commitment of Teresa Sambrotta, research fellow for the program with the FVG region, is attributable to the results related to the actions between the development of the program with the Municipality and the planning of the FVG Region.).
Plans for the Removal of Architectural Barriers (PEBAs) from a UD Perspective. An Interdisciplinary Process in the Italian Region Friuli Venezia Giulia
Authors: Marchigiani Elena , Chiarelli Barbara , Novak Valentina , Peraz Andrea
Published: September 2022

It is more than thirty years since the Italian Law introduced the Plans for the Removal of Architectural Barriers (PEBAs). However, their implementation by municipalities is still limited, and accessibility is often understood as the result of the elimination of single physical obstacles, rather than the development of interconnected systems of urban spaces and collective equipment that are usable and inclusive according to Universal Design (UD) criteria. Since 2018, the Italian Friuli Venezia Giulia Autonomous Region has started a collaboration with the Universities of Trieste and Udine, in order to bring UD at the core of the implementation of the Regional Law no. 10/2018. This Law introduced significant innovations: the disposal of regional funds to support local administrations when drafting PEBAs; the delivery of a software application to facilitate the drawing of these plans; the establishment of a reference center in charge of training, information and consultancy activities on accessibility at a regional level (CRIBA); the delivery of a regional observatory for mapping and continuous monitoring of accessibility conditions and the implementation of PEBAs. The paper presents: i) an overview of the interdisciplinary work carried out by the Universities with the Region and CRIBA; ii) a focus on Universities’ research activities and the current state of the collaboration process; iii) reflections on further research and its operational outcomes.