bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Practical Method to Simulate Flood-Induced Bridge Pier Scour—A Case Study of Mingchu Bridge Piers on the Cho-Shui River
Authors: Hong Jian-Hao , Guo Wen-Dar , Chiew Yee-Meng , Chen Cheng-Hsin
Published: June 2016

The evolution of bridge pier scour is very important for bridge safety warning and assessment. During typhoon seasons in Taiwan, the torrential river flow often causes scour monitoring instruments to fail in their attempt to measure the temporal variations of pier scour depths. To better understand the scouring phenomenon during a large flood event, this study proposes a fast and reliable method for bridge pier scour simulation. The proposed method consists of two main components: (1) a robust finite-volume hydraulic model that simulates the flow depth and velocities; and (2) two scour depth computation algorithms that predict the temporal development of the general and local scour depths. The greatest advantage of this method is that it is very straight-forward and reliable, giving bridge managers sufficient time to make an informed decision for bridge safety warning. Only a few hydraulic flow conditions near the bridge are necessary to simulate the scour depth evolution. Moreover, the method can be applied for both general and local scour simulations. To demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method, field data collected using the “numbered-brick” method were performed at the Mingchu Bridge, which is located along an incised channel reach of the Cho-Shui River in Taiwan. The simulated water levels and total scour depths are in good agreements with the field data. Finally, to help bridge authorities responsible for making a decision towards bridge scour warning, a bridge safety curve (scoured bed level-discharge relationship) is proposed. Based on the results of two flood events, the study shows that the proposed method can quickly and accurately simulate the bridge pier scour.
Characterization and Sorptivity of the Plesiomonas shigelloides Strain and Its Potential Use to Remove Cd2+ from Wastewater
Authors: Xue Chao , Qi Peishi , Li Mengsha , Liu Yunzhi
Published: June 2016

In this study, the ability of adsorbing Cd2+ ions of Plesiomonas shigelloides was discovered. Herein, the method and mechanisms of adsorbing Cd2+ ions from aqueous solutions is discussed. The cadmium-resistant bacterium was collected from the sediment of Harbin section of the Songhua River in China, and then isolated, identified and characterized. The isolated strain was identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides H5 on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, the sequencing of the 16SrDNA gene, and phylogeny analysis. P. shigelloides H5 was Gram-negative and bacillus. Maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) of the strain was 150 mg/L. The maximum adsorption rate and adsorption amounts was 42.71% ± 0.88% and 106.775 ± 2.325 mg/g when dried biomass was presented in a 50 mg/L Cd2+ solution. Dried biomass was in accordance with Lagergren pseudo-second-order models. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were applied to identify the surface morphology and functional groups. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) results showed that Cd2+ was also absorbed into cells to form precipitates. The results revealed that the surface functional groups of P. shigelloides H5 can bind to heavy metal ions. To sum up, the ability of adsorbing cadmium ions of Plesiomonas shigelloides was discovered, which might be helpful in wastewater treatment in the future.
Abscission zone development in Setaria viridis and its domesticated relative, Setaria italica
Authors: Hodge John G. , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Development of an abscission zone (AZ) is needed for dispersal of seeds, and AZ loss was a critical early step in plant domestication. The AZ forms in different tissues in different species of plants, but whether the AZ is developmentally similar wherever it occurs is unknown. AZ development in Setaria viridis was studied as a representative of the previously uncharacterized subfamily Panicoideae.

METHODS:

One accession of the wild species S. viridis and two of its domesticate, S. italica, were studied. Strength of the AZ was measured with a force gauge. Anatomy of the AZ was studied throughout development using bright field and confocal microscopy.

KEY RESULTS:

The force required to remove a spikelet of S. viridis from the parent plant dropped steadily during development, whereas that required to remove spikelets of S. italica increased initially before stabilizing at a high level. Despite the clear difference in tensile strength of the AZ, anatomical differences between S. viridis and S. italica were subtle, and the position of the AZ was not easy to determine in cross sections of pedicel apices. Staining with DAPI showed that nuclei were present up to and presumably through abscission in S. viridis, and acridine orange staining showed much less lignification than in other cereals.

CONCLUSIONS:

The AZ in Setaria is developmentally and anatomically different from that characterized in rice, barley, and many eudicots. In particular, no set of small, densely cytoplasmic cells is obvious. This difference in anatomy could point to differential genetic control of the structure.
High-resolution noncontact AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of self-assembled photovoltaic donor–acceptor dyads
Authors: Grévin Benjamin , Schwartz Pierre-Olivier , Biniek Laure , Brinkmann Martin , Leclerc Nicolas , Zaborova Elena , Méry Stéphane
Published: June 2016

Self-assembled donor–acceptor dyads are used as model nanostructured heterojunctions for local investigations by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). With the aim to probe the photo-induced charge carrier generation, thin films deposited on transparent indium tin oxide substrates are investigated in dark conditions and upon illumination. The topographic and contact potential difference (CPD) images taken under dark conditions are analysed in view of the results of complementary transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. After in situ annealing, it is shown that the dyads with longer donor blocks essentially lead to standing acceptor–donor lamellae, where the acceptor and donor groups are π-stacked in an edge-on configuration. The existence of strong CPD and surface photo-voltage (SPV) contrasts shows that structural variations occur within the bulk of the edge-on stacks. SPV images with a very high lateral resolution are achieved, which allows for the resolution of local photo-charging contrasts at the scale of single edge-on lamella. This work paves the way for local investigations of the optoelectronic properties of donor–acceptor supramolecular architectures down to the elementary building block level.
Synthesis of β-arylated alkylamides via Pd-catalyzed one-pot installation of a directing group and C(sp3)–H arylation
Authors: Liu Yunyun , Zhang Yi , Cao Xiaoji , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: June 2016

The synthesis of β-arylated alkylamides via alkyl C–H bond arylation has been realized by means of direct one-pot reactions of acyl chlorides, aryl iodides and 8-aminoquinoline. Depending on the structure of the starting materials, both single and double β-arylated alkylamides could be accessed.
THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN TITAN’S UPPER ATMOSPHERIC HYDROCARBON CHEMISTRY OVER THE SOLAR CYCLE
Authors: Luspay-Kuti A. , Mandt K. E. , Westlake J. H. , Plessis S. , Greathouse T. K.
Published: June 2016

Titan’s thermospheric photochemistry is primarily driven by solar radiation. Similarly to other planetary atmospheres, such as Mars’, Titan’s atmospheric structure is also directly affected by variations in the solar extreme-UV/UV output in response to the 11-year-long solar cycle. Here, we investigate the influence of nitrogen on the vertical production, loss, and abundance profiles of hydrocarbons as a function of the solar cycle. Our results show that changes in the atmospheric nitrogen atomic density (primarily in its ground state N(4S)) as a result of photon flux variations have important implications for the production of several minor hydrocarbons. The solar minimum enhancement of CH3, C2H6, and C3H8, despite the lower CH4 photodissociation rates compared with solar maximum conditions, is explained by the role of N(4S). N(4S) indirectly controls the altitude of termolecular versus bimolecular chemical regimes through its relationship with CH3. When in higher abundance during solar maximum at lower altitudes, N(4S) increases the importance of bimolecular CH3 + N(4S) reactions producing HCN and H2CN. The subsequent remarkable CH3 loss and decrease in the CH3 abundance at lower altitudes during solar maximum affects the overall hydrocarbon chemistry.
ORBITAL CIRCULARIZATION OF HOT AND COOL KEPLER ECLIPSING BINARIES
Authors: Eylen Vincent Van , Winn Joshua N. , Albrecht Simon
Published: June 2016

The rate of tidal circularization is predicted to be faster for relatively cool stars with convective outer layers, compared to hotter stars with radiative outer layers. Observing this effect is challenging because it requires large and well-characterized samples that include both hot and cool stars. Here we seek evidence of the predicted dependence of circularization upon stellar type, using a sample of 945 eclipsing binaries observed by Kepler. This sample complements earlier studies of this effect, which employed smaller samples of better-characterized stars. For each Kepler binary we measure e cos ω based on the relative timing of the primary and secondary eclipses. We examine the distribution of e cos ω as a function of period for binaries composed of hot stars, cool stars, and mixtures of the two types. At the shortest periods, hot–hot binaries are most likely to be eccentric; for periods shorter than four days, significant eccentricities occur frequently for hot–hot binaries, but not for hot–cool or cool–cool binaries. This is in qualitative agreement with theoretical expectations based on the slower dissipation rates of hot stars. However, the interpretation of our results is complicated by the largely unknown ages and evolutionary states of the stars in our sample.
PTF13efv—AN OUTBURST 500 DAYS PRIOR TO THE SNHUNT 275 EXPLOSION AND ITS RADIATIVE EFFICIENCY
Authors: Ofek E. O. , Cenko S. B. , Shaviv N. J. , Duggan G. , Strotjohann N.-L. , Rubin A. , Kulkarni S. R. , Gal-Yam A. , Sullivan M. , Cao Y. , Nugent P. E. , Kasliwal M. M. , Sollerman J. , Fransson C. , Filippenko A. V. , Perley D. A. , Yaron O. , Laher R.
Published: June 2016

The progenitors of some supernovae (SNe) exhibit outbursts with super-Eddington luminosities prior to their final explosions. This behavior is common among SNe IIn, but the driving mechanisms of these precursors are not yet well-understood. SNHunt 275 was announced as a possible new SN during 2015 May. Here we report on pre-explosion observations of the location of this event by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and report the detection of a precursor about 500 days prior to the 2015 May activity (PTF 13efv). The observed velocities in the 2015 transient and its 2013 precursor absorption spectra are low (1000–2000 km s−1), so it is not clear yet if the recent activity indeed marks the final disruption of the progenitor. Regardless of the nature of this event, we use the PTF photometric and spectral observations, as well as Swift-UVOT observations, to constrain the efficiency of the radiated energy relative to the total kinetic energy of the precursor. We find that, using an order-of-magnitude estimate and under the assumption of spherical symmetry, the ratio of the radiated energy to the kinetic energy is in the range of 4 × 10−2 to 3.4 × 103.
Frequency of Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE) Gene Mutations in Egyptian Beta Thalassemia Patients and its Relation to Iron Overload
Authors: Enein Azza Aboul , El Dessouky Nermine A. , Mohamed Khalda S. , Botros Shahira K. A. , Abd El Gawad Mona F. , Hamdy Mona , Dyaa Nehal
Published: June 2016

AIM: This study aimed to detect the most common HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D, and S56C) in Egyptian beta thalassemia major patients and its relation to their iron status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 50 beta thalassemia major patients and 30 age and sex matched healthy persons as a control group. Serum ferritin, serum iron and TIBC level were measured. Detection of the three HFE gene mutations (C282Y, H63D and S65C) was done by PCR-RFLP analysis. Confirmation of positive cases for the mutations was done by sequencing.RESULTS: Neither homozygote nor carrier status for the C282Y or S65C alleles was found. The H63D heterozygous state was detected in 5/50 (10%) thalassemic patients and in 1/30 (3.3%) controls with no statistically significant difference between patients and control groups (p = 0.22). Significantly higher levels of the serum ferritin and serum iron in patients with this mutation (p = 001).CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that there is an association between H63D mutation and the severity of iron overload in thalassemic patients.
Qualidade de vida em crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita
Authors: Barros Lizandra Alvares Félix
Published: June 2016

OBJETIVO: Identificar os domínios mais relevantes da qualidade de vida de crianças portadoras de cardiopatia congênita na ótica das próprias crianças.

MÉTODOS: Esse estudo caracteriza-se como exploratório, descritivo e de corte transversal. Participaram do estudo 25 crianças com diagnóstico de CC com idade entre 4 e 12 anos. Para avaliar a QV dessas crianças foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um questionário sociodemográfico e o Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé (AUQEI). A análise estatística foi realizada através do Teste de Mediana de Mood e Exato de Fisher. O valor de p considerado significante foi <0,05.

RESULTADOS: Das 25 crianças participantes, 10 são do sexo masculino e 15 do feminino, com idade predominante entre 4 e 6 anos. Relacionando o diagnóstico, 18 tiveram acesso ao diagnóstico até os 2 anos de vida, sendo que dessas, 12 antes de completar o sexto mês de vida. No tratamento, 13 foram submetidas à cirurgia para correção da CC. Na avaliação da QV, 18 crianças apresentavam QV satisfatória e a média geral de escore do grupo foi 52,60±7,3. Não foi identificada correlação significativa entre os dados sociodemográficos e a análise da QV (p<0,05). Os domínios mais bem pontuados foram lazer e família, com destaque para as questões abordando ‘aniversário’, ‘mãe’ e ‘avôs’. O domínio com menor pontuação foi autonomia, cuja questão com a temática ‘longe da família’ demonstrou o menor escore.

CONCLUSÕES: Os domínios lazer e família foram os mais importantes para uma QV satisfatória na maioria das crianças portadoras de CC que participaram do estudo.
Qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica no município de Sarandi/PR
Authors: Silva Rodrigo Silvino da , Nascimento Júnior José Roberto Andrade do , Vieira Lenamar Fiorese , Oliveira Daniel Vicentini de
Published: June 2016

OBJETIVO: Analisar a qualidade de vida e a capacidade funcional de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica do município de Sarandi/PR.

MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal, de caráter descritivo e analítico. Foram avaliadas 30 idosas, entre 60 e 70 anos, praticantes de hidroginástica na única academia do município de Sarandi, estado do Paraná, que oferece esta modalidade. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário WHOQOL-Bref e para avaliação da capacidade funcional a escala proposta por Rikli e Jones (1999), com 12 atividades de vida diária. Os resultados foram classificados em capacidade funcional avançada, moderada e baixa.

RESULTADOS: A qualidade de vida das idosas praticantes de hidroginástica teve um escore médio de 79,4±7,1, sendo o domínio Psicológico (17,0) o que apresentou maior pontuação, já o menor foi o Físico (15,0). A capacidade funcional das idosas obteve escore de 9,8±2,1 pontos.

CONCLUSÕES: É moderada a qualidade de vida e capacidade funcional de idosas praticantes de hidroginástica no município de Sarandi, estado do Paraná A prática da hidroginástica pode ser fator contribuinte para boa percepção de qualidade de vida no domínio Psicológico.
Correlação entre qualidade de vida e distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho em mineiros
Authors: Sousa Milena Nunes Alves de , Santos Branca Maria de Oliveira , Zaia José Eduardo , Bertoncello Dernival , Quemelo Paulo Roberto Veiga
Published: June 2016

OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de correlação entre qualidade de vida e distúrbios osteomusculares em trabalhadores informais da mineração da região do Seridó paraibano.

MÉTODOS: Participaram do estudo 371 trabalhadores informais da mineração, os quais responderam a um Questionário Demográfico e Bio-Socioeconômico, ao Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e ao Questionário Nórdico de Sintomas Osteomusculares, analisados a partir de métodos de estatística descritiva e inferencial (nível de significância igual a 5,00%).

RESULTADOS: A maioria da força de trabalho encontrada foi composta por trabalhadores do sexo masculino (93,00%), com idade média de 36,56 anos. Entre os domínios de qualidade de vida, a capacidade funcional apresentou a maior pontuação (92,03 pontos) e a vitalidade a menor (69,26 pontos). Os distúrbios osteomusculares mais evidenciados estavam relacionados à região lombar com média de 0,70±0,95 pontos. Os domínios ligados aos aspectos físicos (capacidade funcional, aspectos físicos e dor) apresentaram correlações significativas e negativas com todas as regiões avaliadas de distúrbios osteomusculares (variações entre ρ=-0,36; p<0,01 a ρ=-0,13; p<0,01).

CONCLUSÕES: Foi observada correlação negativa e significativa entre os domínios de qualidade de vida e a sintomatologia osteomuscular, em que os sintomas osteomusculares foram fatores redutores da qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores informais da mineração.
De l’objet à la relation : une révolution copernicienne
Authors: Heinich Nathalie
Published: June 2016

La physique, la sociologie de l’art, l’anthropologie et l’économie convergent sur ce qu’on peut nommer, à la suite de Kuhn, un « changement de paradigme » : c’est la relation qui fait l’objet, et non pas l’objet qui fait la relation. Avec Norbert Elias, la « relation » n’est pas réductible à l’« interaction » chère à une certaine sociologie américaine, mais s’étend plus radicalement à l’« interdépendance », en vertu de quoi l’on n’a pas affaire à des objets préexistants qui seraient liés entre eux par des relations mais à des objets qui se constituent dans et par la relation : exactement comme le don selon Marcel Mauss, où l’objet n’est que le prétexte à l’entretien du lien que permet l’acte de donner, recevoir et rendre.
Martin Buber, philosophe de la relation
Authors: Misrahi Robert
Published: June 2016

Présentation de l’ouvrage de Martin Buber, Je et Tu , publié en 1923, ce texte en souligne toute la force et la nouveauté. Insistant sur la portée fondatrice accordée à la réciprocité, il montre en quoi, pour Buber, le sujet n’est jamais antérieur à la relation tant, à la différence des rapports d’objectivation où l’autre est traité comme un simple moyen, c’est par la réciprocité que le Je se pose, et pose l’autre, dans le même moment, comme sujet. La rencontre y apparaît alors comme un « acte total », spontané et radical par lequel surgit la présence et où chacun affirme l’autre dans une connaissance immédiate et désintéressée.
Les relations en tant que biens
Authors: Bruni Luigino
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose d’approfondir la précieuse notion, développée depuis une trentaine d’années tant en philosophie, en sociologie et en économie, de « bien relationnel ». Si l’économie traditionnelle ne peut faire droit à de tels biens, n’est-ce pas parce qu’elle ne voit que des individus, des individus qui font des choix (entre des biens) et qui ne nouent de relations que pour mieux maximiser ces biens ? Or, montre l’auteur, il est des biens, par exemple l’amitié, l’amour réciproque, l’engagement civique dans lesquels c’est la relation même qui constitue le bien. Et n’est-ce pas ainsi, en reconnaissant en quoi le bien réside dans la relation en soi, pour elle-même, que pourrait être, enfin, racheté la faute d’Adam… Smith et frayée la voie à une « économie de la gratuité » résolument anti-utilitariste ?
La mécanique quantique comme théorie essentiellement relationnelle
Authors: Bitbol Michel
Published: June 2016

Si l’idée que la science ne peut accéder aux hypothétiques déterminations absolues de ce qui est, mais seulement à des relations, n’est pas une idée neuve, cet article montre que l’on doit à la mécanique quantique d’avoir systématisé le caractère relationnel de la connaissance. Clarifiant les genres de relations mises ainsi en jeu et les raisons pour lesquelles cette relationalité a été davantage ignorée en physique classique qu’en physique quantique, cet article invite à en discuter toute la portée philosophique.
La lutte pour la reconnaissance par le don entre acteurs collectifs (I)
Authors: Caillé Alain , Lindemann Thomas
Published: June 2016

La lutte pour la reconnaissance thématisée par Hegel ne concerne pas seulement les sujets individuels. Elle est tout aussi active entre États, nations et cultures. Mais on ne peut bien la comprendre qu’en croisant l’analyse de Hegel avec les découvertes de Marcel Mauss dans l’ Essai sur le don . Individuels ou collectifs, les sujets luttent pour être reconnus comme des donateurs. Pour manifester leur générosité et leur créativité.
Georges Haldas : Le scribe assis
Authors: Rogues Jean-Paul
Published: June 2016

L’œuvre de Georges Haldas n’est que ressassement de l’accès à l’autre, à sa générosité qui, seule, suscite le désir de témoignage. Le sacrifice d’un moi égotique relevant d’une définition psychologique et sociale est la condition même qui permet de faire l’expérience de « l’état de Poésie », cet accroissement d’être qui comporte en lui la nécessité d’être dit. Son écriture sera témoignage de la fragile part d’humanité qui sauve des griffes du nihilisme. Georges Haldas, « scribe assis », se mettra, dans ses Poèmes et ses Chroniques, au service du murmure de la source, dans la vallée du carnage. « Le Grand Arbre de l’Homme » ou, si l’on veut, la relation, sera l’antidote de l’état de meurtre que représente le désert social de la marchandisation de l’humain. Il ne s’agit pas cependant de proclamation, mais d’une confidence de l’essentiel. Humaniser l’homme demeure la tâche, l’unique tâche.
Troubles du comportement alimentaire et pratique de sports de remise en forme
Authors: Lentillon-Kaestner Vanessa , Allain Mélanie , Ohl Fabien
Published: June 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de mieux comprendre le rôle des sports de remise en forme dans le développement des troubles du comportement alimentaire (TCA) chez les femmes. Une double approche a été entreprise, qualitative et quantitative : au total, 1 270 pratiquantes ont été interrogées par questionnaire et 25 femmes atteintes de TCA cliniques ont été interviewées. Les résultats montrent que 10,31 % des pratiquantes de cours collectifs de remise en forme étaient à risques dans le développement de TCA. Les risques de TCA variaient selon les types d’engagement dans l’activité ( i.e. , lieu de pratique, type de cours pratiqué, fréquence et quantité de pratique). Le rôle des sports de remise en forme dans les TCA ressort comme ambivalent, en lien avec la diversité de leurs usages. Ces sports étaient parfois utilisés comme méthode de perte de poids, parfois pratiqués pour s’alimenter davantage ou bien pour se soigner des TCA. Les femmes atteintes de TCA interviewées pratiquaient prioritairement des activités cardiovasculaires individuelles et libres. En conséquence, la prévention des TCA dans les salles de fitness privées pourrait cibler prioritairement les cours collectifs de type cardiovasculaire, mais également les pratiquantes d’activités libres de type cardiovasculaire.
Étude de la validité interne de l’Échelle de moyens de contrôle spécifique à la rééducation (EMCR)
Authors: Paquet Yvan , Martin-Krumm Charles , Legrain Pascal , Antonini Philippe Roberta
Published: June 2016

Cet article a pour objectif de vérifier la validité interne de l’Échelle de moyens de contrôle spécifique à la rééducation (EMCR). Cette échelle propose trois moyens d’exercer du contrôle sur la situation : le contrôle informationnel, le contrôle décisionnel et le contrôle comportemental. Dans un deuxième temps, les différents moyens de contrôle ont été mis en relation avec le vécu émotionnel (anxiété et émotions) de sportifs en rééducation. L’échantillon était composé de 152 sportifs blessés. Une analyse factorielle confirmatoire a été réalisée et montre une bonne adéquation des données avec le modèle théorique confirmant la bonne validité interne de l’échelle. Les corrélations réalisées entre les moyens de contrôle et l’anxiété et les émotions ressenties par le sportif blessé montrent une relation entre le contrôle informationnel, le contrôle comportemental et les émotions positives. Il n’y aurait aucune relation pour le contrôle décisionnel. Ces résultats suggèrent que les moyens de contrôle doivent être différenciés dans la relation thérapeutique afin d’améliorer le bien-être du patient.
Weldability of S460ML High Strength Low Alloy Steel in Underwater Conditions
Authors: Fydrych Dariusz , Tomków Jacek , Rogalski Grzegorz , Łabanowski Jerzy
Published: June 2016

The paper presents experimental evaluation of susceptibility of the high strength S460ML steel to cold cracking in the conditions of wet welding with the use of covered electrodes. From the results of Tekken tests it was found out that the investigated steel was characterised, in the conditions of the carried out experiments (underwater wet welding and air welding with rutile electrodes), of high susceptibility to cold cracking. Maximum hardness of HAZ in most cases do not fulfill criterion of PN-EN ISO 15614-1 standard: exceeds 380HV10.
Problem of Accumulation and Freezing of Condensate in the Exhaust Gases of Cars at Low Temperatures
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikita , Petukhov Mikhail , Khaziev Anvar Ashatovich , Laushkin Andrey Vyacheslavovich
Published: June 2016

Discussed are the design features of exhaust systems of cars and the factors influencing the formation of condensation in them.
Study of Dielectric and Physicochemical Parameters Dependencies in Engine Oils during Exploitation
Authors: Sugatov Nikolay , Khaziev Anvar Ashatovich
Published: June 2016

This paper gives a study of working oil with the dielectric parameters determining device. The correlation analysis of the dielectric and the physicochemical properties of motor oils was carried out.
Economic Analysis of “Ocean Current” Potential as Power Plant to Support Community Development (Case Study in Nusa Penida Strait)
Authors: Retnasari Amalia , Istiqomah Asti , Fauzi Akhmad
Published: June 2016

The use of fossil energy in Indonesia shown an increasing trend in all sectors every year[1]. Petroleum is still ranked the highest, ie 51.66%. Natural gas occupying the second level, ie 28.57%. The rest of the energy is supplied by 15.34% oil and 4.43% renewable energy. Besides this, the dominance of fossil fuel use give a major impact on air quality[2]. Emissions from fossil fuel burning add 6.3 GtC/year (compared to a stock of fossil fuels of 16,000 Gt C) while another 2.3 Gt C/year is reabsorbed into the ocean[3]. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the use of renewable resources to generate environmentally friendly electricity. One of the energy resource that can developed is ocean current energy. In 2009 in the Strait of Nusa Penida has been conducted a ocean current pilot project that have been successfully (technically) obtained a "proven design”. Energy utilization of ocean current in the Nusa Penida Strait is merely for lighting public facilities. The presence of power plant have given light to 25 street lamps that installed in Toyopakeh village. This study aimed to (1) identify benefit which Toyopakeh village community perceived, (2) analyze the opportunity and estimate the value of willingness to pay (WTP) community of Toyopakeh village for management of power plant. The economic and sosiocultural benefit perceived by Toyopakeh village community in the night are increasing works effectively for seaweed strappers, stalls can opened over night, easier to moored jukung and speedboat, ship monitoring, load and unloading, fishing, and ashes disposal. Citizens with high or low income had similar opportunity readiness. Citizens with high education had opportunity WTP 1.291 point more than not ready to pay. Based on Turnbull estimator distribution, the mean WTP value was at 7 894.695 IDR (0.56 US $) and 10 641.891 (0.76 US $) range.
Technical and Economic Assessment of a 10 MW Wind Farm at Pakphanang District in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province
Authors: Waewsak Jompob , Chancham Chana , Chewamongkolkarn Somphol , Kongruang Chuleerat , Gagnon Yves
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the technical and economic assessment of a 10 MW wind farm at Pakphanang district in Nakhon Si Thammarat province, southern Thailand. The microscale wind resource map within 10 km is developed based on 3 years recorded wind data at 120 m above ground level (agl) (2012-2014) along with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) wind flow modeling with resolution of 90 m. The 5 x 2.0 MW and 4 x 2.5 MW modeled wind farms are positioned along the shoreline with a position criteria of 5 times the rotor diameter between the turbines. The net annual energy production (AEP) and capacity factor (CF) with wake losses are analyzed. The economic analysis is done based on the current project cost and financial incentive (Adder). Results show that the annual mean speed at 120 m agl is 5.2 m/s. The net AEP and CF are 36.60 GWh/year and 41.78%, respectively with wake loss of 0.40%. Under project cost of 75 million THB/MW and 70% debt ratio and Thailand Board of Investment (BOI) tax exemption promotion, the benefit cost ratio is 1.04, the net present value is 65.96 million THB, the financial internal rate of return is 17.70% and the payback period is 4 years. Finally, a 10 MW wind power project could avoid greenhouse gas emission of 19,764 tons CO2eq per year.Keywords: Wind Energy, Wind Farm, Capacity Factor, Wind Flow Modeling, Project Analysis
Degradation Effects on PEM Fuel Cells Supplied with Hydrogen from a LOHC System
Authors: Luschtinetz Thomas , Sklarow Andreas , Gulden Johannes
Published: June 2016

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are a promising form to store hydrogen. However, the process of dehydrogenation has to be demonstrated for applications with proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells which require very pure hydrogen. Here we document the measured degradation effects due to CO contamination on a PEM fuel cell that is supplied with hydrogen from a LOHC and we want to use later in a maritime application.
Statistical Load Modeling for School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) Smart Grid Naresuan University Phitsanalok Thailand
Authors: Khalil Waqar , Sirisamphanwong Chatchai
Published: June 2016

The high level of renewable electricity generation is resulting in transformation of conventional grid into Smart Grid. Due to variable electricity generation the load demand has become critical and challenging issue in electricity market. In this study, the end-use load modeling based on probability distribution has been carried out in School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) Naresuan University Phitsanalok Thailand. For the data of electricity usage in office at SERT the most suitable model i.e., Weibull distribution have been emulated. The shape and scale parameters have been estimated along with Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test.
Effects of Fresnel Len Application on PV Module Performance
Authors: Luangjok Paisit , Maneewan Somchai , Thongtha Atthakorn
Published: June 2016

Effects of shading and blocking of solar radiation intensity through Fresnel lens onto solar cell were investigated in this work. Fresnel lens was made of polyvinyl chloride to concentrate the solar radiation onto the polycrystalline silicon solar cell with the 0.767 m x 0.670 m in size and no cooling under the solar panels. The temperature and efficiency comparisons between solar module with and without Fresnel lens were observed. The performance of the two modules overtime is assessed by monitoring the characteristic I-V and P-V curves. The maximum efficiency of the solar panels with Fresnel lens and without Fresnel lens in each hour was approximately 5-6.7% and 8.8-11.5%, respectively. This lower efficiency of PV module with Fresnel lens was a result of unsuitable distance of Fresnel lens that operated with the PV module.
Performance Analyzing of Stand-Alone PV Hybrid Mini-Grid System with PV at DC and AC Coupling
Authors: Pokakul Wilailuk , Ketjoy Nipon
Published: June 2016

Stand-alone PV system has been originally developed to feed solar energy produced by PV modules into the system by using solar charger controller at DC bus called “DC Coupling” for long time. In Late 1990 there is a new concept of feeding solar energy to the PV system at AC bus called “AC Coupling”. The AC coupling system uses grid connected inverter to convert energy produced by PV modules and synchronize output to AC distribution line. In mini grid system the common AC output of Bi-directional inverters or diesel generators performs as grid forming device to supply distribution line. Since 1990 there are stand-alone PV systems designed by using DC coupling or AC coupling which each type of PV coupling system highlight their advantage over the other. The work in this document presents a comparison of the efficiency of DC coupling and AC coupling PV system design in a hybrid mini-grid and finally proposes the alternative PV system design by using the “Dual DC and AC coupling” PV system in a hybrid mini-grid design. The HOMER Pro micro-grid analysis tool which can simulate DC and AC coupling PV system is used to compare leverage cost of energy (LCOE) of different type of PV hybrid mini-grid system. The simulation software which can do performance analyzing metric according to IEC 61724 and IEA-PVPS T2 is created in this study in order to simulate system operation and performance using DC, AC and dual DC and AC coupling PV system. The conclusion can clearly identify the best PV system in hybrid mini-grid in terms of LCOE and system performance.
Special Protection Schemes: A Survey and Vision for the Future
Authors: Shafeeque Ahmed K. , Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam , Sahoo Sarat Kumar
Published: June 2016

Any power system network is subjected to disturbances at any time and place. It is considered as one of the most stochastic system ever seen by the human beings. To enhance the power system reliability, System Protection Scheme (SPS) is an effective tool for utilizing the power grid during rare contingencies. This method is often employed as secondary protection schemes. SPS is also termed as Special Protection Scheme. SPS is referred with different names by different users such as IEEE as System Integrity Protection Scheme (SIPS), Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) as Remedial Action Scheme (RAS) and WECC and others as SPS.
In India, only in late 90s, the concept of SPS was introduced to solve the above problem. In Indian power grid different SPS has been designed and implemented successfully. This paper presents a complete knowledge, need , general structure, characteristics and a brief description of the major SPS employed in various Indian Power grids. Post - commissioning performance of these SPS has also been analyzed briefly. Finally, highlights of major issues involved with the employment of SPS in the Indian scenario.
Study of an Isolated DC-DC Converter for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Somkun Sakda , Prabhuraj Shanmugham , Sirisamphanwong Chatchai
Published: June 2016

This paper presents the analysis and design of a dual active bridge DC-DC converter for fuel cell applications. The zero voltage switching operating condition of such converter is analyzed to select an appropriate turn ratio of the high frequency transformer for a high efficiency operation. The ratio between the output voltage to the fuel cell voltage should be close to the transformer turn ratio to guarantee the zero voltage switching regimes at a light load. The prototype converter was designed to be suitable for the input voltage of 40 to 65 V and output voltage of 360 to 400 V with the transformer turn ratio of 7.33. The converter was tested with a 48 V DC power supply and with a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell stack. The maximum power of 700 W was delivered and the efficiency was better than 94% for the whole load range.
Key Factors of Community Based Biomass Power Plant Establishment
Authors: Mongkoldhumrongkul Krittaphas , Thanarak Prapita
Published: June 2016

Biomass plays an important role in reducing fossil energy. It can be utilized in different ways and one of its usages is to produce electricity. However, to benefit from the gains of using biomass power generation, there are several obstacles to overcome for its competent utilization. The performance of community based biomass power plants (CBP) was studied to access the feasibility and sustainability aspects that caused energy security. The objective of this study was to identify the key factors affecting to CBP establishment. The authors designed the tests to make a comprehensive study considering all the factors published in the Science Direct Database during January 2004 to September 2014. The data was obtained using multi-stage sampling from 1,151 people dwelling in the local community. A questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting the data. The output factors were confirmed by undertaking the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis. The results show a significant influence on 1) technology of biomass gasification power plant; 2) biomass residues; 3) community; and 4) government, policy and investment at p < 0.05. These findings therefore identified the key factors affecting establishment for biomass electricity generation in Thailand. This in turn has helped bring about the causal model for establishing biomass power plant based on sustainability.
Evaluation of Solar Fraction on a Solar Driven Dual Parallel Connected Ejector Cooling System
Authors: Maroyi Timeyo Mkamanga , Suriwong Tawat , Pongtornkulpanich Anan , Somkun Sakda , Abdella Mohammed Yahya Gaafar
Published: June 2016

This present study reports results of performance evaluation of a solar-driven dual parallel-connected ejector (DPE) cooling system using the concept of solar fraction (SF). The experiments were conducted in July and August, 2015 from 09:00 to 16:00 hours at School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT), Naresuan University, Thailand, with a solar collector area of 2.4 m2, auxiliary heater of 3 kW, operating at boiler pressure of 2 bar and using water as working fluid. Temperature was measured for inlet and outlet of solar collector. The results showed that the solar collector supplied about 24% of energy required to operate the system. The solar collector performance was 11% and the monthly average SF was 23.9% for July and 23.5% for August.
Numerical Simulation of Thermofluid Dynamics of Pollutants’ Dispersion by Thermal Electricity Production
Authors: Ferreira Gadelha Antonio José , Freire de Andrade Tony Herbert , de Farias Neto Severino Rodrigues , Gilson Barbosa de Lima Antonio
Published: June 2016

The growing global demand for energy has led researchers to seek the improvement of technology in order to maximize the generation of electricity by different ways. Among the different methods of production is the energy produced by thermal power plants, which account for more than 60% of the energy produced in the world. This energy is generated through combustion of fuels such as coal, diesel oil, natural gas and others. The main problem caused by the production of thermal energy is the emission of gaseous pollutants into the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and also particulate matter which causes environmental problems such as acid rain, greenhouse effect, and health problems, especially respiratory diseases. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is presented as an important tool in solving problems involving the dispersion of chemicals into the atmosphere. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the thermofluid dynamics of pollutants’ dispersion emitted from the chimney of a thermal power plant, based on numerical simulations using the Ansys CFX 12.0 commercial code. Fields of velocity and mass concentration of the component involved in the process are presented and analyzed.
Numerical Study of Different Closure Approaches for Prediction of Forced Convective Turbulent Cylindrical Cavity Flows
Authors: dos Santos Elizaldo Domingues , Rodrigues Marco Paulsen , de Andrade Thiago Smith V.C. , Isoldi Liércio André , França Francis Henrique Ramos , Rocha Luiz Alberto Oliveira
Published: June 2016

The present work exhibits a numerical study comparing the fluid dynamic and thermal fields of turbulent, three-dimensional forced convective cylindrical cavity flows obtained with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS). In the latter approach, three different closure models are employed: Reynolds Stress Model (RSM), standard k – ε and standard k - ω. It is considered a three-dimensional, incompressible, turbulent fluid flow at the steady state with ReD = 22,000 and Pr = 0.71. The main purpose is to investigate whether discrepancies are noticed in time-averaged and statistics of turbulent flows between LES and RANS predictions. Differences in time-averaged and statistical fields can be important for evaluation of convective fluxes in turbulent flows and combined convective and radiative transfer in participant media, i.e., for study of Turbulence-Radiation Interactions (TRI). The spatially-filtered and time-averaged conservation equations of mass, momentum and energy are solved with the Finite Volume Method (FVM). Results showed that time-averaged and RMS thermal fields obtained with LES and RANS presented reasonable discrepancies in regions near the cavity surfaces, which affects the convective fluxes in this region. For the highest temperature region of the cavity (near its inlet) the predictions obtained with LES and RANS are similar, which can led to similar predictions in heat exchange when thermal radiation is taken into account in optically thin participant media. For optically thick media, where local differences increase their importance, the employment of RANS is not recommended.
CFD Aided Procedure for Optimizing Electrical Mobility Spectrometer
Authors: Saifi Reza , Shaygani Afshin , Sani Mahdi , Said Saidi Mohammad
Published: June 2016

Aerosol measurement is used in a variety of fields such as nanotechnology, materials science, pollution monitoring, air quality measurements, combustion and engine exhaust analysis, inhalation toxicology, and medical studies. One of the most prevalent methods for aerosol measurement is to use electrical mobility. An electrical mobility spectrometer (EMS) is used to measure aerosol particles size distribution ranging from 10 – 1000 nanometers, under the influence of an electric field. The accuracy of this distribution is influenced by flow conditions, the geometry of the EMS, the electric field, and the number of electrode rings. In this work, a multi-channel EMS is studied using computational fluid dynamics to numerically simulate the flow pattern, electric field and particle trajectories in the device. We found that neglecting the effect of the electric field on particles outside the sizing region generates an oversimplified model leading to high particle loss to the flow guide. In order to reduce the number of particle losses and obtaining a more realistic particle distribution we proposed a modification to the electrode electric potential which effectively reduces the particle loss. The applied modification has quintupled the number of particles which are classified by the EMS.
Modification of the Diffusion Process in the Iron-Aluminum System via Spark Plasma Sintering/Field Assisted Sintering Technology
Authors: Becker H. , Heger D. , Leineweber A. , Rafaja David
Published: June 2016

The influence of Spark Plasma Sintering / Field Assisted Sintering Technology applying pulsed direct current up to the root-mean-square current densities of 129 A/cm2 on the interfacial reactions in Al - Fe - Al stacks was investigated at temperatures between 500°C and 600°C. Independently of the current density and current direction, thin Al13Fe4 and wide Al5Fe2 phases were detected in the diffusion couples. The Al5Fe2 phase consisted of columnar grains having a {001}-fiber texture. Al13Fe4 was found in the form of discontinuous spots at the Al/Al5Fe2 interface. The interface between Al5Fe2 and Fe was highly fringed. The layer growth kinetics of Al5Fe2 was parabolic. The growth rate was strongly enhanced in the SPS/FAST experiments as compared to the conventional diffusion experiments, independently, on the current direction. It is suggested that the enhanced growth rates are a result of temperature gradients existing in a typical Spark Plasma Sintering device. Possible effects of thermomigration and electromigration are discussed.
Precipitation Processes in Hot-Rolled Al-Mn-Sc-Zr Alloy
Authors: Vlach Martin , Stulikova Ivana , Smola Bohumil , Kekule Tomáš , Kodetova Veronika , Malek Jaroslav
Published: June 2016

The effect of hot rolling on mechanical and electrical properties, microstructure and recrystallization behaviour of the AlMnScZr alloy was studied. The mould-cast alloy and the alloy after hot rolling at 300 °C was studied during step-by-step quasilinear annealing from 200 °C up to 600 °C with heating rate 100 K/h followed by subsequent isothermal annealing at 600 °C/5 h. Precipitation reactions were studied by electrical resistometry, differential scanning calorimetry and hardness measurements. Transmission electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction examination of specimens quenched from temperatures of significant resistivity changes were used to identify microstructural processes responsible for these changes. Only occasional irregular sharp-edged polygonal particles of the AlMnFeSi system were found in the as-prepared state of the mould-cast alloy. The as-prepared state of the hot-rolled alloy was characterized by a dispersion of fine coherent Al3Sc and/or Al3(Sc,Zr) particles and furthermore a fine (sub) grain structure was observed. The hardening effect in the alloys is due to presence and/or precipitation of the Sc,Zr-containing particles with L12 structure. The distinct resistivity changes of the alloys are mainly caused by precipitation of Mn-containing particles. Two-stage development of the Al6Mn phase (in (sub) grain interiors and at (sub) grain boundaries) in the hot-rolled alloy was observed. The presence of Sc,Zr-and Mn-containing particles has an anti-recrystallization effect that prevents recrystallization minimally up to 600 °C and annealing of 1 hour in the hot-rolled alloy. The apparent activation energy for the Al3(Sc,Zr)-phase and Al6Mn-phase precipitation was also determined. The activation energy values obtained in the hot-rolled AlMnScZr alloy are comparable to those observed in the hot deformed AlMnScZr alloys prepared by powder metallurgy.