bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF INTERNET FOR HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Habiburrahim Habiburrahim
Published: January 2017

In the new millennium, the internet plays an important role in improving the quality of education. Internet has become one of the means of communication, discussion, and even exploration of varieties of information from and between different worlds. In the world of education in the West, for example, the internet is used as a means of transforming education, especially by those who are dealing with the limitations of time and geographical location. The internet allows students and professors to communicate and coordinate with each other on the progress of the research they are doing. The internet, through its search engines, also has made it easier for education person to find diverse scientific literatures. Thousands of books, studies, research articles, reports and scientific papers are now available online. However, behind the ease and benefit of the search engines, educational practitioners scrutinize the implications of the use of the internet to the world of education. The internet is often misused or used as a medium to perform a variety of crimes. Stealing other people's private information and money, provocation and scorn as well as accessing pornographic sites are a a few number of examples that are always connected to the use of internet. The issue of infringement on intellectual property rights and other plagiarism is also very often associated with the misuse of the internet today. But this particular article describes the benefits of the internet through search engines, potential challenges, and benefits for higher education.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN MATEMATIKA FAKULTAS TARBIYAH IAIN AR-RANIRY DALAM MATA KULIAH TRIGONOMETRI DAN KALKULUS 1
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: January 2017

There are many students of Mathematic Education Department in Tarbiyah Faculty of IAIN Ar-Raniry got difficulties to learn Calculus I. It is proven by many students fail the Calculus class. One of the causes is they did not really master the concept of trigonometric as one of the prerequisite of calculus I. Therefore, we need to know and analyze the type of mistaken they made and the tendency to produce the mistakes in answering the trigonometric’s question. In this research, data were collected through interview and questionnaire. Then, they were analyzed by using descriptive statistic. The result shows that the mistaken done by students in answering the trigonometric questions as the prerequisite of Calculus 1covers the mistake of facts, skills, concept and principles. Meanwhile, the tendency of doing the mistaken coming from principle misconception due to lack of understanding of trigonometric concept.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PERSPEKTIF IBNU SINA
Authors: Darwis Maidar
Published: January 2017

Nowadays, our national educational system has adopted theories of education from western, meanwhile, theories of Islamic education have been neglected. People even do not know which theories are coming from western and which ones are from Islam. Yet, there are some basic differences between both. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate about philosophers’ point of view toward concept of education. One of it is the concept of education from Ibnu Sina. His concept about education can be explained from the goal, material, method, teachers and punishment. Basically his concept is still actual and relevant to today’s development of modern education.
PEMBELAJARAN AL-NAḤWU TERAPAN (APLIKASI DASAR-DASAR AL-NAḤWU BAGI PEMULA)
Authors: Husein Usman
Published: January 2017

Al-naḥwu is often claimed as a difficult material in Arabic Instruction, not only for beginners but also for those who have learned it for years. It is probably caused by the habit of memorizing the terminology of Al-naḥwu without knowing how to use it. Besides, there are some exceptions related to al-naḥwu to be memorized by the user of the language. This article will explain about how to design and teach effectively al-naḥwu to the students to ease the learner to use it.
MEMBANGUN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM MASYARAKAT
Authors: Suyanta Sri
Published: January 2017

Character education is a necessity across the area, time and age. Character education is absolutely necessary not only in school, but also at home and in other social environments. It was prioritized since the past, present and future. Even today the students in character education is no longer for an early childhood but also adult and even the elderly age. Therefore character education should be designed and implemented systematically and simultaneously to help the students understand the human behavioral values which are associated with someoneself, fellow human beings, the environment and his or her Lord. Character education can be reached through three stages, namely socialization of the introduction, internalization, application in life.
INTERAKSI EDUKATIF MENURUT PEMIKIRAN AL-GHAZALI
Authors: Anhar Harizal
Published: January 2017

Education is an interaction activity between teachers and students in a classroom learning. Harmonious interaction between teachers and students greatly affect the success of learning. But in reality, the issue of today's educational interaction is less attention of the education stakeholder. The evidence is that some educators develop bad relationship with the students as being arrogant and violent means in resolving problems in the classroom. These conditions depreciate the relation between the teacher and the students in or outside the class that it is not surprising some students attack the teachers. In fact, the problem of educational interaction is not a new problem in educational world. Al-Ghazali is an Islamic education leaders who concentrated on the issue since the 5th century H. This article aims at examining a depth theory of al-Ghazali on educational interaction in a number of work related to education. This research is library research through ccontent analysis to find its relevance to the world of Islamic education at the moment. The results show that Al-Ghazali has a major contribution in developing the concept of educational interaction in Islamic education. The concept of Al-Ghazali can be reference in overcoming the problems of educational interaction nowadays through an approach which is in line with the the latest developments.
PERAN SERTIFIKASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN KEDISIPLINAN GURU DALAM MELAKSANAKAN PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Adhar Adhar
Published: January 2017

This paper examines the relevance of the discipline teacher certification in motivating teachers to implement the learning performance. The learning process has not been able to produce an excellent student as the results of the discipline teachers during the conducting the teaching-learning. The important factor to motivate the teachers is by getting a good through the certification program. Through teacher certification is expected to improve discipline and motivate teachers to have a good lesson plan and improve the quality of teaching-learning at schools. Besides, through certification program, the teachers are better prepared to implement appropriate disciplinary learning lesson plan that has been established at the beginning of the school year. While other important activities, that the teachers are hoped to be able to carry out the learning evaluation at formal education units consistently through the assessment of daily tests, assignments, mid-term and semester examination. The evaluation activity must also be conducted regularly and sustainably in order to improve the quality of teaching in schools. These totally have been conducted well by the certified teacher to manage the class profesional ly in each school.
KEMANDIRIAN DESA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMBANGUNAN KAWASAN PEDESAAN
Authors: Ermaya Berna Sudjana
Published: January 2017

The village government is essentially an autonomous government with tradition, democratic, real, and a very strong custom. However, in existing policies, the village placed only as an object of sheer power. Pursuant to Article 91 of Act No. 06 Year 2014 on the village, the village can be entered into a collaboration with other villages and or collaboration with third parties. Cooperation between the village become important, where the village has its limitations and the emergence of gaps between villages, so not all villages have the same ability to manage governance and development.  District limitations in carrying out public services and development can reach all villages in the region, due to geographical and others. Based on these two things, we need some kind of bridging the space between the limitations of the village so it opens a large space for the village to take the initiative and creativity of the village so rural development can be realized.Keyword: village; Authority; CooperationABSTRAKPemerintahan Desa pada hakekatnya merupakan pemerintahan yang otonom dengan tradisi, demokratis, nyata, dan adat istiadat yang sangat kuat. Namun demikian, dalam kebijakan-kebijakan yang ada, Desa ditempatkan hanya sebagai objek kekuasaan belaka. Berdasarkan Pasal 91 UU No. 06 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa, desa dapat mengadakan kerjasama dengan desa lain dan atau kerjasama dengan pihak ketiga. Kerjasama antar desa menjadi penting, dimana desa memiliki keterbatasan dan munculnya kesenjangan antar desa, sehingga tidak semua desa memiliki kemampuan yang sama dalam mengelola pemerintahan dan pembangunan. Keterbatasan Kabupaten dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan publik dan pembangunan yang bisa menjakau semua desa di wilayahnya, karena keadaan geografis dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan pada dua hal tersebut, diperlukan semacam ruang antara dalam menjembatani keterbatasan desa sehingga membuka ruang yang besar bagi desa untuk berinisiatif dan kreativitas dari desa sehingga pembangunan kawasan pedesaan dapat terwujud dengan baik.Kata Kunci: Desa; Kewenangan; Kerjasama
An Interview with Mr. Khadga B. Bisht
Authors: Bisht Khadga Bahadur
Published: January 2017

In light of ongoing discourses, at present, on prevailing energy crisis and the hydropower development in Nepal, HYDRO Nepal felt this an opportune moment to review and assess the present energy scenario of Nepal. This time, HYDRO Nepal takes pleasure in presenting an interview with Mr. Khadga B Bisht, President, Independent Power Producers’ Association, Nepal with Mr. Upendra Dev Bhatta, Editor-in-Chief of HYDRO Nepal Journal. HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 65-67
Destination-based cash-flow taxation: A critical appraisal
Authors: Cui Wei
Published: January 2017

This article offers the first comprehensive scholarly response to proposals for destination-based, cash-flow taxation (DCFT). DCFT proposals have attracted heightened public attention in 2016 because of the incorporation of one version into the US House Republican blueprint for tax reform and Donald Trump’s subsequent election to the White House. They also continue to fascinate tax specialists by suggesting that corporate profit can be taxed not only in countries of ‘source’ or ‘residence’ but also (or even exclusively) in the countries where sales to final consumers occur. This article clarifies the logical structure of DCFT proposals and exposes substantial gaps between their rhetoric and technical details. I argue first that it is crucial to distinguish between two versions of the DCFT. The first version resembles proposals for taxing corporate income by sales-factor-only formulary apportionment. The second version, which is what the US House Republican blueprint proposes, resembles a destination-based value-added tax with deductions for labour costs and refundable losses. I argue that the latter version of the DCFT introduces no fundamental new option into international tax design. Instead, it may create substantial trade distortions (and its loss refund feature is also unlikely to be administrable). The first version of the DCFT does present a new option for taxing corporate profit but is un-implementable. I also highlight ways in which DCFT proposals make ad hoc normative and behavioral assumptions. Finally, the article offers a novel explanation of why it is difficult to incorporate information about consumer location into international tax design and argues that ‘residence’ is more promising than ‘destination’ (when both are understood as capturing information about natural persons) for dealing with problems arising from capital mobility.
Energy spectrum analysis of anodic oxidation film surface–interface on 7475 aluminum alloy after salt spray corrosion
Authors: Jing Zhang , Jinchun Wang , Dejun Kong
Published: January 2017

An oxide film was prepared on the surface of 7475 aluminum alloy by AO (anodic oxidation), and the corrosion behavior of the obtained AO film in 5 ± 0.5% NaCl solution was investigated. The surface–interface morphologies, chemical compositions and phases were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, respectively, and the chemical elements of the surface and bonding interface were analyzed by a plane scan and line scan after salt spray corrosion. The results show severe corrosion on the original sample surface, the corrosion products are mainly composed of Al oxide after salt spray corrosion. The AO film is only slightly corroded, and the AO film–substrate is still metallurgically combined. Pitting corrosion in the aluminum alloy, primarily caused by Cl−, is the main mode of salt spray corrosion. There are stratified enrichments of Al and O in the AO film interface after the salt spray test, which are related to pitting corrosion and spalling phenomena, while the other elements were uniformly dispersed. The continuous Al2O3 in the AO film effectively prevents Cl− from eroding the metal substrate to improve salt spray corrosion resistance of the 7475 aluminum alloy.
Fabrication of Ni/SiC composite powder by mechanical alloying and its effects on properties of copper matrix composites
Authors: Ma Haibo , Lu Yu , Lu Hongbin , Meng Xiangkang
Published: January 2017

Composite powders of Ni-30SiC (vol.%) were fabricated by mechanical alloying. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the microstructure, morphology and composition of the composite powders. Mixed powders and Ni coating layers on the surface of SiC particles were investigated. The Ni/SiC composite powder with the optimal coating was mixed with Cu powder to manufacture Cu matrix composites by powder metallurgy, and the relative density, hardness and electrical resistivity of the composites were measured. The results show that the Ni coating becomes increasingly prominent and that the mixed powders become increasingly homogeneous as the ball-milling time increases; however, an excessively long milling time has a negative impact on the coating. The milling speed also has an important effect on the coating. Too high of a rotational speed quickens the rate of work hardening of the coating layer, which causes the coating layer to fall off. When the milling time is 20 h, the milling speed is 300 r min−1 and the ball to powder weight ratio is 10 : 1, the SiC particles are well coated by Ni and the powders are uniformly mixed. The properties of the copper matrix composite processed with the optimal milling parameters are effectively improved.
History of neurosurgery at University of Toronto: the St. Michael's story
Authors: Alotaibi Naif M. , Guha Daipayan , Ahuja Christopher S. , Spears Julian , Muller Paul J. , Tucker William S. , Hudson Alan R. , Macdonald R. Loch
Published: January 2017

In this paper, the authors describe the history of neurosurgery at St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto. St. Michael's has long been regarded as one of the top teaching and research hospitals in Canada. A detailed literature review of published and unpublished works was performed to formulate a succinct but in-depth review of its development, successes, and challenges. This fascinating 125-year history serves as a reminder of the importance of their institution's origins, and the authors hope that it will be a useful guide for developing programs around the world.
Biomechanical evaluation of an integrated fixation cage during fatigue loading: a human cadaver study
Authors: Palepu Vivek , Peck Jonathan H. , Simon David D. , Helgeson Melvin D. , Nagaraja Srinidhi
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE

Lumbar cages with integrated fixation screws offer a low-profile alternative to a standard cage with anterior supplemental fixation. However, the mechanical stability of integrated fixation cages (IFCs) compared with a cage with anterior plate fixation under fatigue loading has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical stability of a screw-based IFC with a standard cage coupled with that of an anterior plate under fatigue loading.

METHODS

Eighteen functional spinal units were implanted with either a 4-screw IFC or an anterior plate and cage (AP+C) without integrated fixation. Flexibility testing was conducted in flexion-extension (FE), lateral bending (LB), and axial rotation (AR) on intact spines, immediately after device implantation, and post-fatigue up to 20,000 cycles of FE loading. Stability parameters such as range of motion (ROM) and lax zone (LZ) for each loading mode were compared between the 2 constructs at multiple stages of testing. In addition, construct loosening was quantified by subtracting post-instrumentation ROM from post-fatigue ROM.

RESULTS

IFC and AP+C configurations exhibited similar stability (ROM and LZ) at every stage of testing in FE (p ≥ 0.33) and LB (p ≥ 0.23) motions. In AR, however, IFCs had decreased ROM compared with AP+C constructs at pre-fatigue (p = 0.07) and at all post-fatigue time points (p ≤ 0.05). LZ followed a trend similar to that of ROM in AR. ROM increased toward intact motion during fatigue cycling for AP+C and IFC implants. IFC specimens remained significantly (p < 0.01) more rigid than specimens in the intact condition during fatigue for each loading mode, whereas AP+C construct motion did not differ significantly (p ≥ 0.37) in FE and LB and was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in AR motion compared with intact specimens after fatigue. Weak to moderate correlations (R2 ≤ 56%) were observed between T-scores and construct loosening, with lower T-scores leading to decreased stability after fatigue testing.

CONCLUSIONS

These data indicate that a 4-screw IFC design provides fixation similar to that provided by an AP+C construct in FE and LB during fatigue testing and better stability in AR motion.
Successive Intercropping of Potato and Mungbean with Sugarcane
Authors: Shariful Islam Md , Obaidul Islam M
Published: February 2017

The experiment was carried out at the Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI) farm at Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh during2008-2009 and 2009-2010to investigate the growth and yield of main crop sugarcane, and companion crops potato and mungbean as successive intercrops. Row to row spacing (RRS) of sugarcane were 80 (S1), 100 (S2) and 120 cm (S3) and sugarcane was intercropped with 1, 2 and 3 rows of potato as 1st intercrop and followed by mungbean with same row ratio as 2nd intercrop. Sugarcane and companion crops potato and mungbean were cultivated following the cultivation methods of BSRI and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), respectively. To provide more light to intercrops bended leaves of sugarcane on both sides of rows were cut at middle and compared with non-cutting of leaves in respect of growth and yield of main crop and intercrops as well. The total dry matter production, cane yield and sugar yield were the highest at 120 cm RRS of sugarcane (non-leaf cutting=C0) intercropped with 3 rows of potato followed by 3 rows of mungbean (S3C0). The number of tiller and millable canes, and leaf area index (LAI) were the highest at 80 cm RRS of sugarcane (C0) with one row of potato and one row of mungbean (S1C0). The effect of light interception on growth and yield of first intercrop (potato) was insignificant whereas it was significant for second intercrop. Yield of mungbean (2nd intercrop) and light interception ratio (%) was the lowest in S3C1 where sugarcane RRS was 120 cm + 3 R potato followed by 3 R mungbean with leaf cutting (LC). The results of the experiment indicated that sugarcane transplanted at RRS of 120 cm with 3 rows of potato followed by 3 rows of mungbean can be grown as intercrops for increased yield of sugarcane as well as for increased cropping intensity and might be recommended for farmers practice in High Ganges River Flood Plain soils under AEZ 11 of Bangladesh. The Agriculturists 2016; 14(2) 67-76
Le Psautier dans l’Univers de Thomas More
Authors: Marc’hadour Germain
Published: January 2017

More’s knowledge and daily use of the Psalter are abundantly documented by his Book of Hours and his Latin Psalter. He prayed the psalms each day, personally and with his family. He copied the Latin text in a long Imploratio, recited the seven Penitential Psalms with Margaret at her visits to his prison cell, and recited the best known of them, the Miserere before placing his head on the block on 6 July 1535. His prison writings show him quoting them from memory.
A Tale of Two Signals: AR and WNT in Development and Tumorigenesis of Prostate and Mammary Gland
Authors: Pakula Hubert , Xiang Dongxi , Li Zhe
Published: January 2017

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers and among the leading causes of cancer deaths for men in industrialized countries. It has long been recognized that the prostate is an androgen-dependent organ and PCa is an androgen-dependent disease. Androgen action is mediated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for metastatic PCa. However, almost all advanced PCa cases progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after a period of ADT. A variety of mechanisms of progression from androgen-dependent PCa to CRPC under ADT have been postulated, but it remains largely unclear as to when and how castration resistance arises within prostate tumors. In addition, AR signaling may be modulated by extracellular factors among which are the cysteine-rich glycoproteins WNTs. The WNTs are capable of signaling through several pathways, the best-characterized being the canonical WNT/β-catenin/TCF-mediated canonical pathway. Recent studies from sequencing PCa genomes revealed that CRPC cells frequently harbor mutations in major components of the WNT/β-catenin pathway. Moreover, the finding of an interaction between β-catenin and AR suggests a possible mechanism of cross talk between WNT and androgen/AR signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of both AR and WNT pathways in prostate development and tumorigenesis, and their interaction during development of CRPC. We also review the possible therapeutic application of drugs that target both AR and WNT/β-catenin pathways. Finally, we extend our review of AR and WNT signaling to the mammary gland system and breast cancer. We highlight that the role of AR signaling and its interaction with WNT signaling in these two hormone-related cancer types are highly context-dependent.
Adaptive Torque Estimation for an IPMSM with Cross-Coupling and Parameter Variations
Authors: Yang Dooyoung , Mok Hyungsoo , Lee Jusuk , Han Soohee
Published: January 2017

This paper presents a new adaptive torque estimation algorithm for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with parameter variations and cross-coupling between d- and q-axis dynamics. All cross-coupled, time-varying, or uncertain terms that are not part of the nominal flux equations are included in two equivalent mutual inductances, which are described using the equivalent d- and q-axis back electromotive forces (EMFs). The proposed algorithm estimates the equivalent d- and q-axis back EMFs in a recursive and stability-guaranteed manner, in order to compute the equivalent mutual inductances between the d- and q-axes. Then, it provides a more accurate and adaptive torque equation by adding the correction terms obtained from the computed equivalent mutual inductances. Simulations and experiments demonstrate that torque estimation errors are remarkably reduced by capturing and compensating for the inherent cross-coupling effects and parameter variations adaptively, using the proposed algorithm.
Are There Inequities in Treatment of End-Stage Renal Disease in Sweden? A Longitudinal Register-Based Study on Socioeconomic Status-Related Access to Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Zhang Ye , Jarl Johan , Gerdtham Ulf-G.
Published: January 2017

Socioeconomic status-related factors have been associated with access to kidney transplantation, yet few studies have investigated both individual income and education as determinates of access to kidney transplantation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of both individual income and education on access to kidney transplantation, controlling for both medical and non-medical factors. We linked the Swedish Renal Register to national registers for a sample of adult patients who started Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT) in Sweden between 1 January 1995, and 31 December 2013. Using uni- and multivariate logistic models, we studied the association between pre-RRT income and education and likelihood of receiving kidney transplantation. For non-pre-emptive transplantation patients, we also used multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to assess the association between treatment and socioeconomic factors. Among the 16,215 patients in the sample, 27% had received kidney transplantation by the end of 2013. After adjusting for covariates, the highest income group had more than three times the chance of accessing kidney transplantation compared with patients in the lowest income group (odds ratio (OR): 3.22; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.73–3.80). Patients with college education had more than three times higher chance of access to kidney transplantation compared with patients with mandatory education (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.77–3.66). Neither living in the county of the transplantation center nor gender was shown to have any effect on the likelihood of receiving kidney transplantation. For non-pre-emptive transplantation patients, the results from Cox models were similar with what we got from logistic models. Sensitive analyses showed that results were not sensitive to different conditions. Overall, socioeconomic status-related inequities exist in access to kidney transplantation in Sweden. Additional studies are needed to explore the possible mechanisms and strategies to mitigate these inequities.
Mrpl10 and Tbp Are Suitable Reference Genes for Peripheral Nerve Crush Injury
Authors: Wang Yaxian , Shan Qianqian , Meng Yali , Pan Jiacheng , Yi Sheng
Published: January 2017

Peripheral nerve injury triggers the dysregulation of a large number of genes at multiple sites, including neurons, peripheral nerve stump, and the target organ. Housekeeping genes were frequently used as reference genes to normalize the expression values of target genes. Suitable selection of housekeeping genes that are stably expressed after nerve injury minimizes bias elicited by reference genes and thus helps to better and more sensitively reflect gene expression changes. However, many housekeeping genes have been used as reference genes without testing the expression patterns of themselves. In the current study, we calculated the expression stability of nine commonly used housekeeping genes, such as 18S (18S ribosomal RNA), Actb (β-actin), CypA (cyclophilin A), Gapdh (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), Hprt (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase), Pgk1 (phosphoglycerate kinase 1), Tbp (TATA box binding protein), Ubc (ubiquitin C), YwhaZ (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation), and four newly identified housekeeping genes, including Ankrd27 (Ankyrin repeat domain 27), Mrpl10 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L10), Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR, Complex 2), and Ubxn 11 (UBX domain protein 11), in both distal sciatic nerve samples and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) samples after sciatic nerve injury. Our results suggested that following peripheral nerve injury, Mrpl10 and Tbp might be used as suitable reference genes for sciatic nerve stump and DRGs, respectively.
SpidermiR: An R/Bioconductor Package for Integrative Analysis with miRNA Data
Authors: Cava Claudia , Colaprico Antonio , Bertoli Gloria , Graudenzi Alex , Silva Tiago , Olsen Catharina , Noushmehr Houtan , Bontempi Gianluca , Mauri Giancarlo , Castiglioni Isabella
Published: January 2017

Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) control many biological systems, but how such network coordination is shaped is still unknown. GRNs can be subdivided into basic connections that describe how the network members interact e.g., co-expression, physical interaction, co-localization, genetic influence, pathways, and shared protein domains. The important regulatory mechanisms of these networks involve miRNAs. We developed an R/Bioconductor package, namely SpidermiR, which offers an easy access to both GRNs and miRNAs to the end user, and integrates this information with differentially expressed genes obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Specifically, SpidermiR allows the users to: (i) query and download GRNs and miRNAs from validated and predicted repositories; (ii) integrate miRNAs with GRNs in order to obtain miRNA–gene–gene and miRNA–protein–protein interactions, and to analyze miRNA GRNs in order to identify miRNA–gene communities; and (iii) graphically visualize the results of the analyses. These analyses can be performed through a single interface and without the need for any downloads. The full data sets are then rapidly integrated and processed locally.
The Effect of High Pressure Techniques on the Stability of Anthocyanins in Fruit and Vegetables
Authors: Marszałek Krystian , Woźniak Łukasz , Kruszewski Bartosz , Skąpska Sylwia
Published: January 2017

Anthocyanins are a group of phenolic compounds responsible for red, blue and violet colouration of many fruits, vegetables and flowers. The high content of these pigments is important as it influences directly their health promoting properties as well as the sensory quality of the product; however they are prone to degradation by, inter alia, elevated temperature and tissue enzymes. The traditional thermal methods of food preservation cause significant losses of these pigments. Thus, novel non-thermal techniques such as high pressure processing, high pressure carbon dioxide and high pressure homogenization are under consideration. In this review, the authors attempted to summarize the current knowledge of the impact of high pressure techniques on the stability of anthocyanins during processing and storage of fruit and vegetable products. Furthermore, the effect of the activity of enzymes involved in the degradation of these compounds has been described. The conclusions including comparisons of pressure-based methods with high temperature preservation techniques were presented.
Acidosis Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathways through GPR4 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: Dong Lixue , Krewson Elizabeth , Yang Li
Published: January 2017

Acidosis commonly exists in the tissue microenvironment of various pathophysiological conditions such as tumors, inflammation, ischemia, metabolic disease, and respiratory disease. For instance, the tumor microenvironment is characterized by acidosis and hypoxia due to tumor heterogeneity, aerobic glycolysis (the “Warburg effect”), and the defective vasculature that cannot efficiently deliver oxygen and nutrients or remove metabolic acid byproduct. How the acidic microenvironment affects the function of blood vessels, however, is not well defined. GPR4 (G protein-coupled receptor 4) is a member of the proton-sensing G protein-coupled receptors and it has high expression in endothelial cells (ECs). We have previously reported that acidosis induces a broad inflammatory response in ECs. Acidosis also increases the expression of several endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response genes such as CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) and ATF3 (activating transcription factor 3). In the current study, we have examined acidosis/GPR4- induced ER stress pathways in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and other types of ECs. All three arms of the ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were activated by acidosis in ECs as an increased expression of phosphorylated eIF2α (eukaryotic initiation factor 2α), phosphorylated IRE1α (inositol-requiring enzyme 1α), and cleaved ATF6 upon acidic pH treatment was observed. The expression of other downstream mediators of the UPR, such as ATF4, ATF3, and spliced XBP-1 (X box-binding protein 1), was also induced by acidosis. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches to modulate the expression level or activity of GPR4 in HUVEC, we found that GPR4 plays an important role in mediating the ER stress response induced by acidosis. As ER stress/UPR can cause inflammation and cell apoptosis, acidosis/GPR4-induced ER stress pathways in ECs may regulate vascular growth and inflammatory response in the acidic microenvironment.
Fire and the Distribution and Uncertainty of Carbon Sequestered as Aboveground Tree Biomass in Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks
Authors: Lutz James , Matchett John , Tarnay Leland , Smith Douglas , Becker Kendall , Furniss Tucker , Brooks Matthew
Published: January 2017

Fire is one of the principal agents changing forest carbon stocks and landscape level distributions of carbon, but few studies have addressed how accurate carbon accounting of fire-killed trees is or can be. We used a large number of forested plots (1646), detailed selection of species-specific and location-specific allometric equations, vegetation type maps with high levels of accuracy, and Monte Carlo simulation to model the amount and uncertainty of aboveground tree carbon present in tree species (hereafter, carbon) within Yosemite and Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Parks. We estimated aboveground carbon in trees within Yosemite National Park to be 25 Tg of carbon (C) (confidence interval (CI): 23–27 Tg C), and in Sequoia & Kings Canyon National Park to be 20 Tg C (CI: 18–21 Tg C). Low-severity and moderate-severity fire had little or no effect on the amount of carbon sequestered in trees at the landscape scale, and high-severity fire did not immediately consume much carbon. Although many of our data inputs were more accurate than those used in similar studies in other locations, the total uncertainty of carbon estimates was still greater than ±10%, mostly due to potential uncertainties in landscape-scale vegetation type mismatches and trees larger than the ranges of existing allometric equations. If carbon inventories are to be meaningfully used in policy, there is an urgent need for more accurate landscape classification methods, improvement in allometric equations for tree species, and better understanding of the uncertainties inherent in existing carbon accounting methods.
Statistical Approach to Optimize the Process Parameters of HAZ of Tool Steel EN X32CrMoV12-28 after Die-Sinking EDM with SF-Cu Electrode
Authors: Straka L’uboslav , Corný Ivan , Pitel’ Ján , Hašová Slavomíra
Published: January 2017

The paper describes the results of the experimental research of the heat affected zone (HAZ) of an eroded surface after die-sinking electrical discharge machining (EDM). The research was carried out on chrome-molybdenum-vanadium alloyed tool steel EN X32CrMoV12-28 (W.-Nr. 1.2365) after die-sinking EDM with a SF-Cu electrode. The aim of the experimental measurements was to contribute to the database of knowledge that characterizes the significant impact of the main technological and process parameters on the eroded surface properties during die-sinking EDM. The quality of the eroded surface was assessed from the viewpoint of surface roughness, microhardness variation, and the total HAZ depth of the thin sub-surface layer adjacent to the eroded surface. On the basis of measurement results, mathematical models were established by statistical methods. These models can be applied for computer simulation and prediction of the resultant quality of the machined surface after die-sinking EDM. The results achieved by simulation were compared with the results of experimental measurements and high correlation indexes between the predicted and real values were achieved. Suggested mathematical models can be also applied for the determination of the optimal combination of significant technological parameters in order to minimize microhardness and total HAZ depth variations of tool steel EN X32CrMoV12-28 after die-sinking EDM with a SF-Cu electrode.
A Microfluidic Chip for Liquid Metal Droplet Generation and Sorting
Authors: Tian Lu , Gao Meng , Gui Lin
Published: January 2017

A liquid metal based microfluidic system was proposed and demonstrated for the generation and sorting of liquid metal droplets. This micro system utilized silicon oil as the continuous phase and Ga66In20.5Sn13.5 (66.0 wt % Ga, 20.5 wt % In, 13.5 wt % Sn, melting point: 10.6 °C) as the dispersed phase to generate liquid metal droplets on a three-channel F-junction generator. The F-junction is an updated design similar to the classical T-junction, which has a special branch channel added to a T-junction for the supplement of 30 wt % aqueous NaOH solution. To perform active sorting of liquid metal droplets by dielectrophoresis (DEP), the micro system utilized liquid-metal-filled microchannels as noncontact electrodes to induce electrical fields through the droplet channel. The electrode channels were symmetrically located on both sides of the droplet channel in the same horizontal level. According to the results, the micro system can generate uniformly spherical liquid metal droplets, and control the flow direction of the liquid metal droplets. To better understand the control mechanism, a numerical simulation of the electrical field was performed in detail in this work.
The Shifting Shape of Risk: Endogenous Market Failure for Insurance
Authors: Koch Thomas
Published: January 2017

This article considers an economy where risk is insurable, but selection determines the pool of individuals who take it up. First, we demonstrate that the comparative statics of these economies do not necessarily depend on its marginal selection (adverse versus favorable), but rather other characteristics. We then use repeated cross-sections of medical expenditures in the U.S. to understand the role of changes in the medical risk distribution on the fraction of Americans without medical insurance. We ﬁnd that both the level and the shape of the distribution of risk are important in determining the equilibrium quantity of insurance. Symmetric changes in risk (e.g., shifts in the price of medical care) better explain the shifting insurance rate over time. Asymmetric changes (e.g., associated with a shifting age distribution) are not as important.
Localized Temperature Variations in Laser-Irradiated Composites with Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Authors: Jenkins R. , Joyce Peter , Mechtel Deborah
Published: January 2017

Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) temperature sensors are embedded in composites to detect localized temperature gradients resulting from high energy infrared laser radiation. The goal is to detect the presence of radiation on a composite structure as rapidly as possible and to identify its location, much the same way human skin senses heat. A secondary goal is to determine how a network of sensors can be optimized to detect thermal damage in laser-irradiated composite materials or structures. Initial tests are conducted on polymer matrix composites reinforced with either carbon or glass fiber with a single optical fiber embedded into each specimen. As many as three sensors in each optical fiber measure the temporal and spatial thermal response of the composite to high energy radiation incident on the surface. Additional tests use a 2 × 2 × 3 array of 12 sensors embedded in a carbon fiber/epoxy composite to simultaneously measure temperature variations at locations on the composite surface and through the thickness. Results indicate that FBGs can be used to rapidly detect temperature gradients in a composite and their location, even for a direct strike of laser radiation on a sensor, when high temperatures can cause a non-uniform thermal response and FBG decay.
An Interactive Image Segmentation Method in Hand Gesture Recognition
Authors: Chen Disi , Li Gongfa , Sun Ying , Kong Jianyi , Jiang Guozhang , Tang Heng , Ju Zhaojie , Yu Hui , Liu Honghai
Published: January 2017

In order to improve the recognition rate of hand gestures a new interactive image segmentation method for hand gesture recognition is presented, and popular methods, e.g., Graph cut, Random walker, Interactive image segmentation using geodesic star convexity, are studied in this article. The Gaussian Mixture Model was employed for image modelling and the iteration of Expectation Maximum algorithm learns the parameters of Gaussian Mixture Model. We apply a Gibbs random field to the image segmentation and minimize the Gibbs Energy using Min-cut theorem to find the optimal segmentation. The segmentation result of our method is tested on an image dataset and compared with other methods by estimating the region accuracy and boundary accuracy. Finally five kinds of hand gestures in different backgrounds are tested on our experimental platform, and the sparse representation algorithm is used, proving that the segmentation of hand gesture images helps to improve the recognition accuracy.
Les installations commerciales dans la ville de Délos à l’époque hellénistique
Authors: Karvonis Pavlos
Published: January 2017

Οι εμπορικές εγκαταστάσεις της πόλης της Δήλου στην ελληνιστική εποχή

Το άρθρο αυτό αποτελεί μια συνθετική μελέτη για τις εμπορικές εγκαταστάσεις της πόλης της Δήλου στην ελληνιστική εποχή. Εξετάζουμε τις κατασκευές που ανήκαν τόσο στις προσωρινές όσο και στις μόνιμες εμπορικές εγκαταστάσεις, προτείνουμε μια ονοματολογία και παρουσιάζουμε τους χώρους παραγωγής και εμπορίου, οι οποίοι ταυτίζονται με βεβαιότητα. Προτείνουμε στη συνέχεια κριτήρια ταύτισης των εμπορικών εγκαταστάσεων και επιχειρούμε να ανασυστήσουμε τον τρόπο λειτουργίας τους. Παρουσιάζουμε, τέλος, τα αρχιτεκτονικά προγράμματα, που οδήγησαν στην κατασκευή των χώρων εμπορίου, καθώς και τη διασπορά των χώρων αυτών μέσα στον πολεοδομικό ιστό. Διαπιστώνουμε ότι ο μεγάλος αριθμός και η ποικιλία των εμπορικών εγκαταστάσεων επιβεβαιώνουν τη φήμη της Δήλου ως μεγάλου εμπορικού κέντρου στα τέλη της ελληνιστικής περιόδου.
Les femmes et les amphores : épigraphie amphorique rhodienne et histoire de la femme dans le monde hellénistique
Authors: Garcia Sanchez Manel
Published: January 2017

Οι γυναίκες και οι αμφορείς: επιγραφική των ροδιακών αμφορέων και ιστορία της γυναίκας στον ελληνιστικό κόσμο

Στο άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζουμε ένα δείγμα σφραγισμάτων αμφορέων που αναφέρουν Ρόδιες γυναίκες. Προέρχονται από διάφορα κέντρα παραγωγής και κατανάλωσης της Μεσογείου, που εκτείνονται από τη Μαύρη θάλασσα έως την ιβηρική χερσόννησο. Δείχνουμε ότι δεν πρέπει να υποτιμούμε αυτήν την πηγή δεδομένων στη μελέτη της θέσης και των οικονομικών δικαιωμάτων της γυναίκας στον ελληνιστικό κόσμο.
À propos d’une erreur de comptabilité dans le compte de Dion
Authors: Le Garff Lise
Published: January 2017

Cet article propose une solution à une incohérence de calcul constatée aux lignes 8 et 9 du célèbre Compte de Dion relatif aux Pythia (CID II, 139/ CID, IV, 57), où est consignée une liste des dépenses occasionnées par la préparation des concours pythiques de 246 av. J.-C. En effet, 270 médimnes de terre vendus à 1 obole ¾ le médimne ne font pas 43 statères et une demi-obole, comme gravé sur la pierre, mais 39 statères et 4 oboles et demie, selon le système éginétique employé par les comptables de l’amphictionie delphique. Nous proposons une solution qui permet d’expliquer les montants inscrits sans introduire de correction à ce qui se lit sur la pierre ; il s’agirait d’une erreur de calcul imputable au comptable de l’Amphictionie, dont l’entrepreneur Agazalos fournisseur de la terre pour le xyste fut l’heureux bénéficiaire.
Diplomatie et statues à l’époque hellénistique : à propos du décret de l’Amphictionie pyléo-delphique CID IV 99
Authors: Biard Guillaume
Published: January 2017

Διπλωματία και αγάλματα στην ελληνιστική περίοδο : Σχετικά με το ψήφισμα CID IV 99 της πυλεοδελφικής Αμφικτυονίας.

Προτείνω εδώ την εκ νέου ανάλυση ενός ψηφίσματος της Αμφικτυονίας, που χρονολογείται στα τέλη του 3ου αι. π. Χ. Το ψήφισμα αυτό, αποτέλεσμα της αποστολής πρεσβείας από την Αντιόχεια των Χρυσαορέων, δηλαδή από τα Αλάβανδα της Καρίας, αποδίδει τιμές στην πόλη, μεταξύ των οποίων περιλαμβάνεται και η ανέγερση ενός χάλκινου ανδριάντα ύψους 3,60 μ. στο ιερό των Δελφών, που αναπαριστά το Δήμο της Αντιόχειας. Με το ίδιο μάλιστα ψήφισμα τιμάται ο Αντίοχος ο τρίτος, λαμβάνοντας έναν ανδριάντα ίδιων διαστάσεων, κάτι που αποτελεί μοναδικό γεγονός. Ύστερα από τη μελέτη των συμφερόντων και των τριών πλευρών, που συνδέονται με τη διπλωματική και στρατιωτική κατάσταση και εξηγούν την ίδρυση αυτού του εντυπωσιακού συντάγματος, που είναι πρωτότυπο ως προς τον τύπο και τη διάταξή του, εξετάζω τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά της αναπαράστασης του Δήμου και την εξέλιξή τους. Η βασική υπόθεση είναι ότι δημιουργήθηκε στην ελληνιστική περίοδο, δίπλα στον κλασικό τύπο του ηλικιωμένου γενειοφόρου ανδρός, ένας τύπος νεαρού και γεμάτου ενέργεια Δήμου, εμπνευσμένος από την ανανεωμένη πολιτειακή εικονογραφία. Έτσι, ένας κολοσσιαίος ανδριάντας από την Κω, η ερμηνεία του οποίου έχει προκαλέσει ζωηρές συζητήσεις, θα μπορούσε να είναι ο τιμητικός ανδριάντας ενός Δήμου.
D’autres croyances, d’autres pratiques funéraires : les deux états de la tombe 2 dans la nécropole d’Anfouchi à Alexandrie
Authors: Guimier-Sorbets Anne-Marie
Published: January 2017

La nécropole d’Anfouchi à Alexandrie, d’époque lagide, a pour caractéristique de mêler des éléments grecs et égyptiens, tant dans l’architecture de ses tombes que dans leur décor. Depuis leur découverte, plusieurs chercheurs se sont interrogés sur les raisons de ce caractère multiculturel et sur l’origine ethnique de leurs commanditaires. Nous allons montrer ici que la tombe 2, la plus célèbre de la nécropole, a connu deux états successifs : d’abord de « style grec » , elle a connu une seconde phase « égyptienne » , qui a entraîné des modifications dans l’architecture et le décor. Cette seconde phase s’explique par un changement de système religieux et de pratiques funéraires (momification). On peut s’interroger sur le groupe social auquel appartenait le nouveau commanditaire.
La ligule chez les Ptéridophytes fossiles et actuelles
Authors: Cavot-Abrigeon Edmée , Lemoigne Yves
Published: January 2017

Les études morphologique et anatomique des ligules des Sélaginelles, des Isoètes et les Lépidophytales fossiles, l'étude histochimique et l'étude de l'infrastructure des cellules des ligules chez des Sélaginelles, la comparaison des ligules avec les poils mucifères de certaines Bryophytes et les squamules des Monocotylédones aquatiques, ont conduit les auteurs à confirmer l'opinion exprimée par Gibson en 1896, selon laquelle la ligule des Ptéridophytes serait un organe glandulaire sécrétant un mucilage qui assure une protection des apex végétatifs. L'importance écologique des ligules est également soulignée. Il est enfin, proposé de considérer les poils mucifères des Bryophytes, les ligules des Ptéridophytes et les squamules des Monocotylédones aquatiques comme des organes homologues et de les désigner sous l'appellation «glandes mucifères».