bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organization of a mass sport event on the example of the XII Shotokan FSKA Karate World Championships
Authors: Piepiora Paweł
Published: February 2020

The subject of the research was the description and explanation of the role, significance and course of logistics processes in organizing a mass sports event on the example of the XII Shotokan FSKA Karate World Championships, which took place in Poland in Kowary and Karpacz on September 23-26, 2010. The purposeful selection of the sample was dictated by the subject of the study, which includes activities related to the preparation, organization and settlement of a mass sports event. A feedback model was adopted to describe and explain the functions of the organization of a mass sports event and the processes occurring in it. The analysis carried out was based on the identification of logistics processes divided into basic, supporting and management. Then a logical design of the consequences of individual activities was formulated and maps of relations between individual areas of logistics activities were designed. Networks of actions implemented were built and the earliest and latest dates of events were established. Time gaps as well as critical and strategic processes were identified. Events that initiated processes and were critical to the organization of the 12th Shotokan FSKA Karate World Championships were identified.
Counseling needs of students in the Institute of Physical Education, Mostaganem University (Algeria)
Authors: Mokrani Djamel , Benzidane Houcine , Ataalah Ahmed , Zereg Fateh
Published: February 2020

In the light of researches aim knowing the counselling needs for students of Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem (Algeria), the researcher suggest that there are many counselling needs for students this Institute, so the researcher choose the sample by using random level method of (480) students  divided into two samples for building and applying uses, to achieve goals of research the researcher build research tool represented by showing counselling needs consisted of (7) fields of (81) items, placing in front of each one three replacements (always, sometime, never) then correct them by giving marks  as (1,2,3) respectively, then the researcher analyzes counselling needs in its final form on applying sample of (120) students  (male and female) for students Institute of Physical Education and Sport, University of Abdel Hamid Ibn Badis Mostaganem. After treating the results statistically, results showed that there are (38) counselling needs should be saturated inside the students of Institute. In the lights of research’s results the researcher insisted on taking the advantages of studying counselling needs for students of physical education institute in developing counselling programs in the Institute and build it on a scientific bases emanated from a real needs of students.
The ability basic physical components of row athlete
Authors: Yadi Januar Inggar , Hendrayana Yudy
Published: February 2020

The problem in this study is how the physical components of the paddle sport. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability level of the basic physical components of paddle athletes in West Kalimantan. The method used in this research is descriptive method with survey research form. The population in this study amounted to 18 athletes. The sample in this study amounted to 18 athletes. Based on the results of research conducted on the ability level of basic physical components, it turns out that paddle athletes in West Kalimantan belong to 4 categories: perfect amounted to 2 athletes or by 11%, either 7 athletes or 39%, good categories of 5 athletes or 28 % and enough amount to 4 athletes or by 22%. This shows that the ability of the basic physical components in West Kalimantan paddle athletes is in the good category.
Is BJP Conservative?
Authors: Krzysztof Iwanek
Published: February 2020

This article will consider whether the Bharatiya Janata Party (the BJP), the party currently ruling India, may be considered conservative. The author will use Swapan Dasgupta’s 2015 lecture on conservatism as a starting point for further deliberations. While agreeing with some of Dasgupta’s points, the author will conclude that the defining elements of Indian conservatism which he had proposed can, at the same time, define Hindu nationalism as well. To find the difference between the two, the text will consider a few historical examples of disputes and cooperation between the parties of the Hindu Right (and between Hindu conservatives and Hindu nationalists in general) such as the issue of the civil code reform, the attitude towards Dalits (untouchables) and the question of monarchy abolition. The final conclusion of the text is that while Hindu nationalism does share certain aspects and goals with Hindu conservatism, it also differs with it on some other points, and thus the BJP is more of a nationalist than a conservative party. It was the Ramrajya Parishad, a small and now defunct party, that in the author’s view represented the strand of Hindu conservatism.
Koncepcje federacyjne podziemnej „Unii” (1940-1945): w poszukiwaniu polskiego wzorca integracji europejskiej
Authors: Pazik Przemysław
Published: February 2020

The article aims at identifying and analysing the particularities of the federalist ideas of Polish clandestine catholic organisation the Union. In 1943 the group merged with the Christian-democratic Labour Party (SP) becoming its ideological centre. Throughout the Second World War the Union produced a series of programmatic documents and clandestine press where it discussed the shape of future Europe which was to become a pan-federation of regional federations cemented by the common values and principles enshrined in Christianity which were the foundations of Western civilization. In elaborating future plans for Europe, the Union drew explicitly from the memory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth setting it as an example for modern Poland and other European States. Historical Poland was perceived not just as a state but as a “normative power”, this was possible because the Union rejected the modern, ‘westphalian’ concept of state. Instead it advocated creation of a pluralistic federation of nations bound together by common values, where national egoisms were mitigated by common Christian values.
How Do Travel Costs Shape Collaboration?
Authors: Catalini Christian , Fons-Rosen Christian , Gaulé Patrick
Published: February 2020

We develop a simple theoretical framework for thinking about how geographic frictions, and in particular travel costs, shape scientists’ collaboration decisions and the types of projects that are developed locally versus over distance. We then take advantage of a quasi-experiment—the introduction of new routes by a low-cost airline—to test the predictions of the theory. Results show that travel costs constitute an important friction to collaboration: after a low-cost airline enters, the number of collaborations increases between 0.3 and 1.1 times, a result that is robust to multiple falsification tests and causal in nature. The reduction in geographic frictions is particularly beneficial for high-quality scientists that are otherwise embedded in worse local environments. Consistent with the theory, lower travel costs also endogenously change the types of projects scientists engage in at different levels of distance. After the shock, we observe an increase in higher-quality and novel projects, as well as projects that take advantage of complementary knowledge and skills between subfields, and that rely on specialized equipment. We test the generalizability of our findings from chemistry to a broader data set of scientific publications and to a different field where specialized equipment is less likely to be relevant, mathematics. Last, we discuss implications for the formation of collaborative research and development teams over distance.

This paper was accepted by Toby Stuart, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Υπο τας φιλυρας / Sob as tílias
Authors: Douros Panagiotis , Lemos de Lima Fernanda
Published: February 2020

Την Τετάρτη, 9 Σεπτέμβρη 1942, στην καρδιά της γερμανικής κατοχής, αφήνει την τελευταία του πνοή στην Αθήνα ο Ρώμος Φιλύρας, ο έλληνας «Ρεμπώ» των καταραμένων ποιητών. Νικημένος από την σύφιλη, είχε αποσυρθεί οικειοθελώς στο Δρομοκαΐτειο Νοσοκομείο το 1927, όπου και έγραψε το μεγαλύτερο τμήμα του έργου του.            Ο κατά κόσμον Ιωάννης (Γιάγκος) Β. Οικονομόπουλος με καταγωγή από το Κιάτο ανήκει στους σημαντικούς νεορομαντικούς ποιητές του μεσοπολέμου. Πολέμησε με τον βαθμό του υπολοχαγού στους βαλκανικούς πολέμους στη Μακεδονία και την Ήπειρο, όπου έπαθε κρυοπαγήματα. Αποτάχθηκε το 1924, λόγω ανίατης αφροδίσιας πάθησης.            Παρά τα σοβαρά ψυχικά προβλήματα από την εξέλιξη της νόσου, καταφέρνει μέσω των γραπτών του να μεταδώσει τα συναισθήματά του με άμεσα αντιληπτό τρόπο. Εξυμνεί την ομορφιά της φύσης και της γυναίκας και προσπάθησε να συλλάβει και να μεταδώσει μια ιδανική εικόνα τους.            Ποιες ήταν άραγε οι τελευταίες του έγνοιες και παραστάσεις στο δωμάτιο του ιδρύματος; Τι στοίχειωσε τον ταραγμένο του νου και ποιες «κύκνειες» αισθήσεις ξύπνησαν στο τραγικό του τέλος; Ποιες ήταν οι αναφορές και οι πηγές του;            Ένα μικρό διήγημα, ελάχιστος φόρος τιμής για τον Έλληνα ποιητή Ρεμπώ και την ταραχώδη του ζωή σε σχέση με το «μεγάλωμα» της χώρας μας μέσα από τους πολέμους που έζησε και φαντάστηκε.Na quarta-feira, 9 de setembro de 1942, no coração da ocupação alemã, Romos Filiras, o “Rimbaud” grego dos poetas amaldiçoados, dá seu último suspiro em Atenas. Derrotado pela sífilis, ele se internou voluntariamente, no Hospital Dromokaitio em 1927, onde escreveu a maior parte de seu trabalho.            O mundialmente famoso Ioánnis (Yagos) II. Economopoulos, originalmente de Kiato, pertence ao grupo dos importantes poetas neo-românticos do período entre guerras. ELE lutou como tenente nas guerras dos Balcãs, na Macedônia, e em Épiro, onde sofreu uma hipotermia. Ele foi internado em 1924 por causa de uma doença venérea incurável.            Apesar dos sérios problemas psiquiátrico no decurso da doença, ele consegue transmitir suas emoções através de seus escritos de uma maneira diretamente perceptível. Ele glorifica a beleza da natureza e da mulher, buscando capturar e transmitir uma imagem ideal delas.            Quais foram suas últimas preocupações e performances nos quartos do sanatório? O que assombrava sua mente perturbada e como os “cisnes” despertavam seus sentidos  para seu trágico fim? Quais foram suas referências e fontes?            Uma história curta, uma pequena homenagem ao poeta Rimbaud grego e sua vida agitada em relação ao “crescimento” de nosso país através das guerras que ele viveu e imaginou.
A criminalização midiática do movimento social de luta pela moradia digna
Authors: REGIS ALMEIDA HELIO JORGE , VIEIRA BRUNO SOEIRO , SANTOS JORGE LUIZ OLIVEIRA DOS
Published: February 2020

Busca o artigo identificar qual o conteúdo discursivo dominante emitido pela mídia impressa brasileira sobre o movimento social pela moradia urbana, a partir da tragédia do caso do desabamento do edifício Wilton Paes de Almeida, em maio de 2018 em São Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa que utiliza a técnica da análise do conteúdo, por meio da seleção das matérias jornalísticas e editoriais dos jornais impressos (versão digital) mais vendidos do Brasil, no entretempo de 2 a 31 de maio de 2018. Foi adotado como critério metodológico de seleção dos jornais o levantamento mais recente do Instituto Verificador de Circulação (IVC), órgão da Associação Nacional de Jornais (ANJ). O método de análise de dados (palavras-chave) coletou registros dados quantitativos por intermédio do software Search my files e posterior análise qualitativa do conjunto dos registros encontrados. Constatou-se clara tendência de utilização pela imprensa de palavras que expressam uma ideologia e um conteúdo discursivo que representa preconceito, estigmatização e imputação de condutas criminosas ao movimento social pela moradia urbana. Outrosssim, esta pesquisa é relevante por evidenciar um paradigma midiático que fortalece uma percepção acerca do acesso ao direito à moradia desconectada daquilo previsto na ordem jurídico-normativa nacional.
Territórios de morte: visibilidade dos jovens residentes em Porto Alegre vítimas de homicídio nos anos de 2015, 2016 e 2017
Authors: Barros Betina Warmling , Costa Ana Paula Motta , Araujo Giovanna Da Silva , Cunha Victória Hoff da
Published: February 2020

Trata-se de pesquisa que visa mapear os homicídios que vitimizam sujeitos residentes em Porto Alegre entre os anos 2015 e 2017, identificando suas principais características, bem como os bairros em que residiam e os locais de ocorrência das mortes. A partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, optou-se pela análise do perfil das vítimas em relação à faixa etária, ao sexo e à raça. Após, com a utilização do software QGis, buscou-se mapear os locais de vida e morte dos jovens assassinados, com idades entre 15 e 29 anos. Assim, foi possível reafirmar a ideia de que os homicídios vitimizam principalmente jovens negros do sexo masculino. Entretanto, a curva da faixa etária apresentou um pico de vítimas que possuem entre 15 e 19 anos, o que não era uma realidade uma década atrás. Ademais, notou-se a diminuição proporcional de vítimas brancas, bem como uma maior representativa de mulheres. Por fim, tanto em relação aos locais de vida como de morte, ao mesmo tempo que se observa uma forte concentração nos bairros Rubem Berta, Restinga, Santa Tereza, Sarandi e Lomba do Pinheiro, também foi possível verificar uma crescente difusão territorial dos homicídios.
Community nutrition nurse specialist role: a service improvement
Authors: Knight Janet
Published: February 2020

This article describes the introduction of a community nutrition specialist nurse role in Buckinghamshire. The need for this role arose from issues experienced by the large but busy district nursing team (caseload of >300 patients per day) in home enteral feeding management and troubleshooting. The post holder was appointed to support community, hospital, dietitians and industry home care nurses with nutritional screening in the community and home enteral feeding, with a greater focus on the former. The post holder was involved in the development of a community version of MUST along with a care pathway and the design of a training programme to improve district nurses' knowledge and confidence in managing malnutrition in the community. The post holder is also involved providing patients personalised advice for managing malnutrition and in referrals to the community dietetics team. Such innovations in staffing are vital if the negative impact of malnutrition on patients and the health service is to be curtailed.
Depression among older adults in Malaysian daycare centres
Authors: Leong Ong Swee , Ghazali Suriawati , Hussin Emni Omar Daw , Lam Soh Kim , Japar Salimah , Geok Soh Kim , Azmi Intan Suhana Mat
Published: February 2020

With the older population increasing worldwide, depressive disorder in this cohort is a serious public health problem that contributes to increased healthcare costs and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among older adults in Malaysia who attended a daycare centre and to identify the relationship between depression and demographic factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 159 older adults recruited following screening for mental capacity. The Malay Geriatric Depression Scale questionnaire was distributed among the participants to obtain descriptive data on the symptoms of depression. Some 59.1% of the participants experienced depression. The most common factors associated with depression were being divorced, low education levels and low income. The findings indicate the need to revise and re-evaluate the activities and programmes in daycare centres for older adults in order to objectively cater to their physical and emotional needs.
Are cervical collars effective and safe in prehospital spinal cord injury management?
Authors: Hodgett Rachel , Ward Richard
Published: February 2020

Background:

In the UK, around 500–600 people a year sustain traumatic injuries to the spinal cord, half of which involve the cervical spine. UK ambulance guidelines stipulate that if immobilisation is indicated, the entire spine should be immobilised using an orthopaedic scoop stretcher, head restraints and a rigid cervical collar. However, the use of cervical collars is being debated in the paramedic profession. Although they were originally considered harmless and used as a precautionary measure, an increasing amount of evidence suggests otherwise and it is argued that they can do more harm than good. Therefore, it is debatable whether using them is consistent with the principles of patient safety and evidence-based practice.

Aim:

A literature review was carried out to comprehensively examine research surrounding the adverse effects of cervical collars and the range of movement they allow to gain a comprehensive understanding of their efficacy.

Methods:

The EBSCOhost Health Science Research database was searched. Seven articles were found and chosen for inclusion in the literature review.

Results:

Two themes were identified regarding cervical collars: adverse effects and range of movement.

Conclusion:

Evidence suggests that cervical collars can cause more harm than good, and UK ambulance guidelines for spinal immobilisation should be reconsidered.
Retention: The vital role of teacher autonomy
Authors: Barker Michelle
Published: February 2020

Evidence is emerging showing the strong link between teacher autonomy, job satisfaction and retention rates in schools. Michelle Barker considers four new research findings
Demonstration of vacuum strain effects on a light-collection lens used in optical polarimetry
Authors: Trantham K. W. , Foreman K. D. , Gay T. J.
Published: February 2020

The precision by which an electron spin polarization measurement can be
made using a noble-gas polarimeter depends directly on the accuracy of
a light-polarization measurement. Since the electron–noble gas
collisions occur in a vacuum chamber and the optical polarimeter is
generally outside the chamber, this work examines the effect the
vacuum window has on the perceived optical polarization. A model light
source, lens system, and optical polarimeter are used that approximate
the situation found in a typical atomic physics experiment. It was
demonstrated that a pressure difference of 1 atm on a lens will alter
the perceived polarization by as much as 0.05% with typical
borosilicate (BK) lenses. This effect was demonstrated to scale with
the thickness of the lens used and changes signs when the direction of
the stress is reversed.
Synthesis and characterization of non-uniformly totally polarized light beams: tutorial
Authors: Piquero Gemma , Martínez-Herrero Rosario , de Sande J. C. G. , Santarsiero Massimo
Published: February 2020

Polarization of a light beam is traditionally studied under the hypothesis that the state of polarization is uniform across the transverse section of the beam. In such a case, if the paraxial approximation is also assumed, the propagation of the beam reduces to a scalar problem. Over the last few decades, light beams with spatially variant states of polarization have attracted great attention, due mainly to their potential use in applications such as optical trapping, laser machining, nanoscale imaging, polarimetry, etc. In this tutorial, an introductory treatment of non-uniformly totally polarized beams is given. Besides a brief review of some useful parameters for characterizing the polarization distribution of such beams across transverse planes, from both local and global points of view, several methods for generating them are described. It is expected that this tutorial will serve newcomers as a starting point for further studies on the subject.
Color and brightness constancies depend reciprocally on saturation
Authors: Reeves Adam , Amano Kinjiro
Published: February 2020

Color and brightness constancies may not be independent, since increasing a sample saturation should decrease the demand on the color constancy and increase that on the brightness constancy [Color Res. Appl. 43, 630 (2018)CREADU0361-231710.1002/col.22227]. We tested this claim using color and brightness constancy data from Foster et al. [Vis. Res. 41, 285 (2001)VISRAM0042-698910.1016/S0042-6989(00)00239-X], whose observers made side-by-side and successive comparisons of central patches (“asymmetric matches”) presented in pairs of identical Mondrian displays with simulated illuminants of 25000 K and 6700 K daylights. Saturations (CIE “chroma”) of the central patches varied from 0.007 to 0.092. For most observers (as in a toy Gaussian model of the surface reflectance spectra), increasing saturation reduced color constancy and increased brightness constancy.
Angular reflectance of a highly forward scattering medium at grazing incidence of light
Authors: Marinyuk V. V. , Remizovich V. S. , Sheberstov S. V.
Published: February 2020

We study the angular distribution of light diffusely reflected from a turbid medium with large (compared to the light wavelength) inhomogeneities. Using Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, we calculate the azimuthally averaged bidirectional reflectance for an optically thick plane-parallel medium and analyze its dependence on the parameters of the scattering phase function. To model single scattering in the medium, we take advantage of the Reynolds–McCormick phase function. For grazing angles of incidence, we find that the angular distribution of reflected light becomes very sensitive to the angular profile of the scattering phase function. The more elongated the phase function, the more pronounced the peak that arises around the specular reflection angle. Comparison of our numerical results with an analytic solution of the radiative transfer equation is performed, and it is shown that the bidirectional reflectance can be decomposed into two contributions, namely, the diffusion contribution and the contribution from light experiencing multiple scattering through small angles. The latter relates directly to the angular profile of the scattering phase function and is responsible for the peak in the angular distribution of reflected light. An explicit analytic formula for the azimuthally averaged bidirectional reflectance is obtained.
Design of tapered polarization splitter based on EC-CHFs by full-vectorial FE-BPM using coordinate transformation
Authors: Kawamura Shingo , Tsuji Yasuhide , Zhang Zejun
Published: February 2020

We propose and design a tapered polarization splitter (PS) using the single-polarization property of an elliptical-hole core circular-hole holey fiber (EC-CHF). It is reported that polarization splitting without any crosstalk is enabled using the PS with EC-CHF. In this paper, we show that the mode coupling is enhanced with a tapered PS structure, and the full waveguide separation at the input and output ends can be simultaneously realized. We also propose a full-vectorial finite element beam propagation method using coordinate transformation to efficiently analyze a waveguide whose structure varies along the longitudinal direction. In this approach, computational accuracy and efficiency are greatly improved.
Efficient visible laser operation of Tb:LiYF4 and LiTbF4
Authors: Chen H. , Uehara H. , Kawase H. , Yasuhara R.
Published: February 2020

We report laser operation of two Tb3+-activated gain media, Tb:LiYF4 and LiTbF4, in yellow or/and green spectral region. A record-high slope efficiency of 63% among Tb3+-lasers and maximum output power of 1.17 W (incident power of 2.79 W) at around 544 nm were obtained with a c-cut 15%Tb:LiYF4 crystal. The yellow laser characteristics in σ-polarization were studied. A slope efficiency of 21% at 582 nm was achieved. More importantly, we succeeded in laser operation of LiTbF4 for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Laser oscillation at around 544 nm yielded a maximum slope efficiency of 45%. This points toward the possibility of producing high-energy pulsed lasers using LiTbF4, which features a high active-ion concentration as well as relatively long lifetime.
On-chip polarization-insensitive Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Wang Huijie , Li Qifeng , Shi Wei
Published: February 2020

Chip-scale monolithic Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) offer great potential for inexpensive, high-resolution, and robust spectroscopic applications in a wide variety of scenarios. Having attracted considerable attention, spatial heterodyne FTSs (SH-FTSs) are featured with a simple and stable configuration composed of an array of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with linearly increasing optical path differences. Owing to the strong waveguide birefringence, MZIs on the popular silicon-on-insulator platform are polarization-sensitive, raising the challenge of polarization control of incident light. We propose and demonstrate a polarization-insensitive SH-FTS using a two-dimensional grating coupler to split an arbitrary state of polarization into two orthogonal polarization components that are both coupled into the TE mode but propagate in opposite directions in the arrayed MZIs. The two orthogonal polarization components are finally recombined in photodetection without polarization-dependent losses. An edge-coupling configuration using a polarization splitter-rotator is also proposed.
Coherent mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in tapered suspended-core As39Se61 fibers pumped by a few-optical-cycle Cr:ZnSe laser
Authors: Leonov Stanislav O. , Wang Yuchen , Shiryaev Vladimir S. , Snopatin Gennady E. , Stepanov Boris S. , Plotnichenko Victor G. , Vicentini Edoardo , Gambetta Alessio , Coluccelli Nicola , Svelto Cesare , Laporta Paolo , Galzerano Gianluca
Published: February 2020

We report on efficient supercontinuum generation in tapered suspended-core

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fibers pumped by a femtosecond mode-locked Cr:ZnSe laser. The supercontinuum spectrum spans the mid-infrared spectral region from 1.4 to 4.2 µm, and its spectral coherence is proved by heterodyning with a single-frequency narrow-linewidth Er-fiber laser at 1.55 µm, measuring a beat note with 27-dB signal-to-noise ratio in a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz. The intensity stability of the supercontinuum radiation is also characterized by relative intensity noise measurements.
Maximizing absorption and scattering by spherical nanoparticles
Authors: Yezekyan Torgom , Nerkararyan Khachatur V. , Bozhevolnyi Sergey I.
Published: February 2020

The absorption and scattering resonances of metal nanostructures are often assumed to be defined by the same condition of localized surface plasmon resonance. Using an electrostatic approximation, we demonstrate that the absorption and scattering cross sections of spherical nanoparticles reach their maxima at different wavelengths, which in turn differ from that defined by the Fröhlich condition (FC). These deviations from the FC originate from and are proportional to the material absorption. Our results provide the design guidelines for maximizing absorption and scattering of spherical nanoparticles and are thus of special importance for applications where the efficiency of radiation absorption or scattering is crucial.
Nonlinear multimode interference-based dual-color mode-locked fiber laser
Authors: Zhao Kangjun , Li Yan , Xiao Xiaosheng , Yang Changxi
Published: February 2020

We present a dual-color-soliton fiber laser at two different wavebands by nonlinear multimode interference. A saturable absorber (SA) with single-mode—multimode (MMF)—single-mode fiber structure is placed in the common branch shared by two sub-cavities. Saturable absorption effects can be simultaneously satisfied at 1.5 and 2 µm at a proper length of the MMF. Dual-color solitons can still remain, even by slightly tuning the length of the MMF. The periodical characteristic of this SA provides a flexible choice of MMF length, making it simple for simultaneous mode locking (SML) at two separate wavebands in practice. Our approach not only paves the way for SML at two or more wavebands by the MMF but also could lead to significant applications in pump-probe spectroscopy.
Inkjet-printed lasing silk text on reusable distributed feedback boards
Authors: Umar Muhammd , Li Wenyi , Bonacchini Giorgio E. , Min Kyungtaek , Arif Sara , Omenetto Fiorenzo G. , Kim Sunghwan
Published: February 2020

Inkjet printing is an attractive bottom-up microfabrication technology owing to its simplicity, ease of use, and low cost. This method is particularly suitable for patterning of biomaterials because biofunctionality and bioactivity can be preserved during the patterning process in the absence of harsh conditions such as heat, UV radiation, and plasma. However, it is still challenging to apply this technology to biomaterial-based soft photonics, which requires precise control over morphology and uniformity to confine photons efficiently. This study introduces inkjet printing to create silk protein patterns to emit/guide a single-mode distributed feedback (DFB) laser on a single platform. A thin TiO2 coated grating enables coherent feedback of the generated photons for any shape of the printed silk pattern. The lasing wavelength can be adjusted by adding gold nanoparticles to the silk/dye ink. Photonic components of lasers and waveguides are drawn on a DFB board, and the lasing light can be extracted through adjacent waveguides. The printed components can be reformed by post modification (water-removal and reprinting). Additionally, optically absorptive melanin nanoparticles placed on the waveguide can attenuate the propagating light, thus adding utility for sensing applications. This allows a new method to fabricate cost-effective, easily functionalized, and versatile biomaterial photonic chips for advanced sensing and diagnosis.
Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo y la batalla por Televisión Española (1981-1982)
Authors: Pelaz López Jose Vidal
Published: February 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la política del Gobierno de Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo con respecto a la televisión entre 1981 y 1982. Para ello se utilizan testimonios de protagonistas, prensa de la época y archivos personales (principalmente el del propio Calvo-Sotelo). Se estudia la evolución de RTVE a lo largo de los mandatos de los tres directores que tuvo en estos años: Fernando Castedo, Carlos Robles Piquer y Eugenio Nasarre. Su trayectoria estuvo marcada por las constantes denuncias de manipulación de que fueron objeto y que provocó el cese de los dos primeros en medio de una gran polémica pública. Paralelamente a la críticas sobre el uso partidista de la Televisión pública el Gobierno intentó legalizar la televisión privada, lo que no consiguió, en buena medida debido a las disputas internas de UCD. La principal conclusión de este estudio es que la situación de la televisión constituyó un elemento clave en el debate político entre gobierno y oposición y que fue un factor fundamental en el deterioro de la imagen del presidente Calvo-Sotelo, y en último término, en el desgaste de UCD.
Muertes paralelas. Una microhistoria acerca de la violencia de ETA y la nacionalización de los inmigrantes en el País Vasco
Authors: Fernández Soldevilla Gaizka
Published: February 2020

Durante los años cincuenta y sesenta el País Vasco fue receptor de una oleada de inmigrantes que, procedentes del resto de España, llegaba en busca de trabajo. Su presencia reavivó la xenofobia de un sector del nacionalismo vasco. Cuando ETA comenzó a matar, se enfrentó al dilema de qué hacer con ese colectivo: integrarlo en su utopía de una gran nación vasca homogénea o expulsarlo. En este artículo se abordará esta cuestión poniendo el foco en dos inmigrantes procedentes de la misma comarca de Badajoz y residentes en Zarauz, que murieron en la etapa final de la dictadura franquista. Uno, Juan Paredes (Txiki), se integró en ETA y fue ejecutado tras un juicio sumarísmo. El nacionalismo radical lo elevó a la categoría de mártir, instrumentalizándolo para fomentar la asimilación de otros inmigrantes. Otro, Manuel López Treviño, era un guardia civil que fue asesinado por la banda en venganza del fusilamiento de Txiki. Como otras víctimas del terrorismo, fue señalado como un villano y un ejemplo a evitar.
Anatomical Variants of the Placenta in Sudanese and their Relation to the Neonatal Outcome
Authors: NuggedAlla Motaz Ahmed Abdelrahman , Abdulghani Yasser Seddeg , Osman Omer Ahmed Mirghani , Babikir Haydar ElHadi
Published: February 2020

Background
In recent years great attention has been focused on the structural and histological structures of the placenta and the umbilical cord due to their vital roles in fetal development and neonatal survival. While extensive studies have been documented in this area in the developed world, there is very little published information about the morphological variations that occur in human placenta in Sudan. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the structural variations in placental indices and its relation to neonatal outcome.

Methods
A prospective hospital - based study conducted in Wad Madani Maternity Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology between July 2014 and March 2018.

Results
Mean placental indices for weight, diameter and thickness were 515.51 g, 18.80 cm and 2.43 cm respectively. The mean neonatal indices were 2.95 kg, 33.19 cm and 44.42 cm for weight, head circumference and length respectively. Neonatal weight correlated significantly with placental weight, neonatal length and neonatal head circumference (P < 0.000). On the contrary, neonatal weight had no significant correlation with placental thickness and diameter

Conclusion
In this study, there was a strong relationship between the placenta and the fetus suggesting that the well-being of the fetus is highly dependent on the placenta since it serves as a link between the mother and the fetus.
Insights into the Cenozoic geology of North Beirut (harbour area): biostratigraphy, sedimentology and structural history
Authors: Clark Germaine Noujaim , BouDagher-Fadel Marcelle
Published: February 2020

The biostratigraphy and sedimentology of the outcrops and bedrock recently exposed in archaeological excavations around the harbour area of Beirut (~5 km²) unlock the geological and structural history of that area, which in turn are key to understanding the hydrocarbon and hydrogeological potential of the region. A key location (Site 2) of a studied outcrop section and newly uncovered bedrock is on the northern foothill cliff of East Beirut (Achrafieh). The outcrop section of carbonates is of Eocene beds overlain by conformable Miocene beds. The excavation of the slope bordering the outcrop uncovered a bedrock section of an early Pliocene shoreline of carbonate/siliciclastic sands at its base and topped by a beach-rock structure. The early Pliocene age of the shoreline section is dated by an assemblage of planktonic foraminifera that includesSphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens,Sphaeroidinella dehiscensandOrbulina universa. The Eocene carbonates of Site 2 extend the coverage of the previously reported Eocene outcrops in the harbour area. They form a parasequence of thin-bedded, chalky white limestones that includes the youngest fossil fish deposits in Lebanon (Bregmaceros filamentosus). The deposits are dated as early Priabonian by their association with the planktonic foraminiferal assemblage ofPorticulasphaera tropicalis,Globigerinatheka barri,Dentoglobigerina venezuelana,Globigerina praebulloides,Turborotalia centralisandBorelissp. The Middle Miocene carbonates that conformably overlie the early Priabonian, parasequence include a planktonic foraminiferal assemblage ofGlobigerinoides trilobus,Orbulina universaandBorelis melo. Elsewhere, in the harbour area, the preserved Eocene limestones are also overlain by conformable Miocene carbonate parasequences of Langhian–Serravallian age. Younger argillaceous limestone beds of the Mio/Pliocene age occur in the eastern central part of the harbour area and enclose an assemblage ofTruncorotalia crassaformis,Globorotalia inflataandOrbulina universa. The three markers of old and recently raised structural blocks in the harbour area are a Lutetian/Bartonian marine terrace in the south west corner, a lower Pliocene shoreline carbonate section in the north east side and a Holocene raised beach of marine conglomerates in the north east corner of the area. The locations of these paleo-shorelines, less than 2 km apart, indicate a progressive platform narrowing of North Beirut since the Paleogene. This study underpins the geological complexity of the region and contributes to understanding the underlying geology, which will be needed for future regional archaeological, hydrocarbon and hydrogeological exploration.
Bakteri Endofit dari Tumbuhan Paku-pakuan sebagai Agens Hayati Rhizoctonia solani dan Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Padi
Authors: Asmoro Prayogo Probo , Munif Abdul
Published: February 2020

Rhizoctonia solani merupakan salah satu patogen penting penyebab penyakit hawar seludang pada tanaman padi. Patogen ini termasuk yang sulit dikendalikan karena bersifat kosmopolit, mampu bertahan di dalam tanah, dan memiliki kisaran inang yang banyak. Pengendalian secara biologi dengan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif yang potensial karena kemampuannya hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman tanpa menimbulkan gejala penyakit dan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan serta ketahanan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengeksplorasi bakteri endofit dari bagian batang akar dari tiga jenis tumbuhan paku yang berbeda, yaitu Salvinia molesta (paku air), Pteris ensiformis (paku terestrial), dan Drymoglossum pilosolloides (paku epifit) dan mengevaluasi potensinya sebagai agens hayati R. solani dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolasi bakteri dilakukan pada medium tripsic soy agar (TSA) dan nutrient agar (NA). Isolat bakteri dimurnikan dan diuji keamanan hayati dengan uji hipersensitifitas dan hemolisis. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 178 isolat bakteri endofit dan sebanyak 88 isolat menunjukkan reaksi negatif pada uji hipersensitisfitas dan uji hemolisis. Selanjutnya, isolat tersebut diuji dual test secara in vitro terhadap R. solani dan didapatkan 4 isolat bakteri endofit (APE15, APE22, APE33, dan APE35) dengan daya hambat dari 27–76% pada medium TSA, agar-agar dekstrosa kentang (ADK), dan TSA + ADK. Hasil uji pertumbuhan empat isolat terhadap benih padi varietas Situ Bagendit menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit mampu meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan padi 4.9% – 48.8%, meningkat panjang akar padi 68.3%–95.4%, panjang pucuk 53.2%–87.3%, bobot segar 49.07%–90.65%, dan bobot kering 48.1%–87.3%. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan paku mengandung beberapa bakteri endofit yang dapat dikulturkan dan memiliki senyawa antimikrob yang efektif, serta dapat digunakan sebagai sumber agens hayati terhadap patogen R. solani dan pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman.
Infeksi Alami Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Virus dan Sweet potato virus C Pada Ubi Jalar di Malang, Jawa Timur
Authors: Damayanti Tri Asmira , Hondo Anastasya , Prayogo Yusmani
Published: February 2020

Gejala tulang daun kuning (vein yellowing) dan malformasi daun yang diduga disebabkan oleh virus ditemukan pada ubi jalar IR Melati di daerah Kendalpayak, Malang, Jawa Timur. Amplifikasi DNA/cDNA menggunakan primer universal Begomovirus, Potyvirus, dan Cucumovirus menunjukkan positif teramplifikasi DNA dengan primer universal Begomovirus, dan Potyvirus, namun negatif dengan primer universal Cucumovirus. Berdasarkan runutan sikuen nukleotida, gejala tulang daun kuning dan malformasi daun disebabkan oleh infeksi ganda Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYLCV) dan Sweet potato virus C (SPVC). Analisis identitas DNA dengan perangkat lunak BioEdit menunjukkan homologi paling tinggi sebesar 98.5% terhadap PYLCV isolat cabai dari Bangli Bali, dan sebesar 98% terhadap SPVC dengan isolat ubi jalar asal Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Laporan ini merupakan temuan baru infeksi alami PYLCV dan SPVC pada ubi jalar di Indonesia.
Robotic Management of Endometriosis: Discussion of Use, Criteria and Advantages: a Review of the Literature
Authors: Gkegkes Ioannis D. , Iavazzo Christos , Iatrakis George , Iavazzo Paraskevi-Evangelia , Pechlivani Fani , Antoniou Evangelia , Bakalianou Konstadia
Published: February 2020

Endometriosis is a very common benign condition affecting fertility and quality of life. Different methods, either definitive or fertility sparing are used for its management by using open, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques. This is a literature review presenting the role and the advantages of robotic surgery in endometriosis. Such a management is effective, safe, and feasible in hands of well-trained multidisciplinary teams even for severe cases of endometriosis.
25 lat Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Authors: Nowak-Kluczyński Konrad , Brenk Mikołaj
Published: February 2020

25 lat Wydziału Studiów Edukacyjnych Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
„Wychowawca! O jakaż wzniosła musi to być dusza!” Prywatne guwernantki dziewcząt w czasach stanisławowskich
Authors: Kowalczyk Małgorzata Ewa , Janicka Jowita
Published: February 2020

In Stanislaw August Poniatowski’s time, the upbringing and education of wealthy noblewomen were commonly entrusted to foreign governesses. There was a strong conviction in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that command of foreign languages was the foundation of proper and careful upbringing of young women. Many parents were not discerning clients when it came to selecting a governess. Oftentimes, foreign origin sufficed. As a result of attaching so much importance to command of foreign languages accompanied by acquiring foreign manners, costumes and customs, young Polish women grew indifferent to their mother tongue, native culture and traditions. There was also a lack of sense of responsibility for the country’s future.
Podróże edukacyjne synów szlacheckich w świetle korespondencji Jakuba Dunina z wojaży po Europie w latach 1699–1703
Authors: Joanna Jarzębak-Kołodziejczyk Joanna Jarzębak-Kołodziejczyk
Published: February 2020

The article aims to show the issue of educational travels of noble youth in the modern era. The source is the correspondence of Jakub Dunin from his journeys around Europe in 1699–1703, addressed to father Franciszek Świętosław. The mentioned letters (stored in the National Archives in Krakow in the Tomkowicz Archive from Kobiernice) provide important information referring to the reasons for travelling, travel expenses and the companions. Particularly noteworthy are colorful descriptions of the social life lived in European manors. For example, the author visited Versailles of Louis XIV and provided a detailed description of various ceremonies and court entertainment. Foreign journeys posed an opportunity to learn about foreign cultures, political systems or armies. This encouraged nobility sons’ reflections which they shared with relatives back in Poland. As a result, the travel correspondence abounds in individual interpretations, for example, of the then political developments on the international arena. When confronted with facts, they add extra value to the publication.
OCENIANIE W NAUCZANIU JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH. FAKTY, MITY I TRUDNOŚCI
Authors: Hanna Komorowska
Published: February 2020

The article presents selected psychological and sociological aspects of the process of evaluating educational attainment in language education. Attention is given to stereotypical and ahistorical opinions connected with the role of assessment in grammar-translation and audiolingual methods as well as in the communicative approach. Distortions are also discussed such as introducing testing techniques of a practical value in mass education as solutions responding to authentic communicative needs of the learners or presenting formative evaluation as one of the recent educational innovations. Several myths which unify the academic community and facilitate interaction are examined and distinguished from complex issues and difficulties such as assessing intercultural competence or objectivizing the evaluation of interactive skills. The text suggests that misrepresentation of the past serves to create an image of continuous progress in SLA/FLT as well as to paint a more optimistic picture of the present educational context with assessment as its integral element.
Spostrzeżenia nastolatków na temat oceniania ustnych i pisemnych kompetencji językowych – analiza zdarzeń krytycznych
Authors: Anna Czura
Published: February 2020

Learners’ perceptions of teacher assessment practices shape a unique classroom assessment environment that affects learners’ willingness to engage in a task and motivation to learn (McMillan & Workman, 1998). Still, there has been limited research on learners’ perceptions of classroom and high-stakes assessment. This article outlines a study exploring adolescent learners’ perceptions of the speaking and writing assessment they experience in the English classroom. The Critical Incident Technique (CIT) was used to examine both positive and negative instances of oral and written assessment. During oral interviews, the learners reported and elaborated on the assessment experiences they personally perceived as particularly important, memorable and influential. The transcriptions of the interviews were content analysed in order to identify the properties of oral and written assessment that appeared salient to adolescent learners. The study indicates that the participants held predominantly positive views of oral and written assessment, emphasising such aspects as authenticity of assessment, freedom of expression and fair grading. It is worrying, however, that learners are not always provided with clearly articulated assessment criteria and that oral assessment is visibly neglected in the classroom.
The Civil Liability of Asset Managers – a Polish Perspective
Authors: Sójka Tomasz
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the civil liability of asset managers in Polish law. Following the transformation of the economic system and the development of the capital market in Poland, the importance of asset management has been gradually increasing, though it remains disproportionally lower when compared to the role of collective asset management in the form of investment funds. The chief purpose of both MiFID directives is to harmonize the rules applicable to investment firms providing brokerage services in Europe, and to protect the interests of investors using brokerage services. Although the civil liability of investment firms offering brokerage services is part of what is broadly construed as investor protection, the regulations on this matter have been left to the member states’ discretion. There is no doubt that discrepancies between member states in this respect diminish the harmonizing effect of both directives. This paper sets out todetermine the basic rules of civil liability of asset managers in Polish law, and present suggestions for the most common problems in this field.