bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIBOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF LIQUID PHASE SINTERED SiC CERAMICS UNDER DRY CONDITION
Authors: Chen Hao , Wu Zihao , Ma Jinbao , Hai Wanxiu , Liu Meiling , Chen Yuhong
Published: January 2023

Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics with aluminum oxide (Al2O3)/aluminum nitride (AlN) and yttrium(III) oxide (Y2O3) as sintering aids are hot-pressed. The microstructure and tribological behavior of the as-prepared SiC ceramics slide against tungsten carbide (WC, Co bonded) and Al2O3 under variable velocities, loads, and temperatures are studied. The results showed that by using Al2O3–Y2O3 as a sintering aid, a fully dense (98 %) SiC ceramic is obtained at 1950 °С and 13 MPa. The sample coupled with WC, the friction coefficient (CoF) of the SiC ceramic is observed low at the applied high load, velocity, and temperature. On the other hand, in the sample coupled with Al2O3, the CoFs of the SiC ceramics are found low at the applied high load, moderate velocity, and low temperature. Coupled with the two tribo-pairs, the wear rates (WRs) of the SiC ceramics are not sensitive to the change in load, while CoF and WR of SiC ceramic increase with velocity initially, and then decrease. At the 0.05 m/s and 1.0 m/s, the WRs of both tribo-pairs are as low as 10–5 mm3/(Nm).
The reduction in CoFs and WRs is strongly related to the formation of tribo-layers.
The full article will be published in the translated version of the journal Glass and Ceramics, 2022, V. 79, No. 3–4
THE ONLINE VISION EXPERTISE SERVICE FOR LEARNING AND SHARING KNOWLEDGE IN MICROSCOPY
Authors: Sapozhkova Z. Y. , Maltseva V. S. , Churilova A. S. , Kataev G. A. , Sapozhkov V. A. , Falkov B. F.
Published: January 2023

In the lockdown settings due to COVID-19 pandemic the numerous of schools faced a number of difficulties in organizing the learning process. The requirements of programs aimed to offline training in microscopic methods were overcome with the online service Vision Expertise. The Vision Expertise cloud solution offers extensive functionality for training and exchange of experience in the field of digital clinical microscopy.
ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING OF PHYSIOTHERAPY CARE IN INPATIENT SETTINGS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN (RT)
Authors: Shakirova D. H. , Shubina K. A.
Published: January 2023

Medical provision of the population in stationary conditions is one of the priorities of the state policy in the field of medical assistance to the population. The scientific works of a number of Russian scientists are devoted to the optimization of the drug supply system at the inpatient stage of treatment. Nevertheless, to improve the quality of drug care management in hospital settings, including in physiotherapy departments, it is necessary to develop scientifically based tools [1].
MARKETING ANALYSIS OF MEDICINES FOR THE TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND ULCERS
Authors: Ovod A. I. , Novikova M. D. , Solyanina V. A.
Published: January 2023

The availability of medical care to the population at the inpatient and outpatient stages is one of the priorities of the activities of the domestic healthcare system. Treatment of patients with wounds, ulcers, wound infection requires the availability of a drug resource, including both auxiliary and specific drug therapy. A significant number of patients with skin pathologies turn to medical and pharmaceutical organizations. Their treatment is a complex and differentiated process depending on the nature and origin of the wound, as well as the individual characteristics of the victim's body. Currently, there are drugs for the treatment of this pathology on the domestic pharmaceutical market, but the most important for drug therapy for skin injuries is group D – dermatological drugs, which is represented by 21 international nonproprietary names and 283 trade names.
IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: Vasilevskaya I. V. , Molchanov O. E.
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer is a very important problem affecting the female population worldwide. The immune system is a determining factor in the emergence, development, and progression of the tumor process. Its role is described by a concept such as immunоediting. Immunоediting implies that clinically relevant tumors have developed mechanisms to bypass immune control and cause the body to tolerate them. Understanding of the interaction between cancer cells and regulatory immune pathways should provide the basis for effective immunotherapy for breast cancer.
GENETIC CHIMERISM IN MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS: CLINICAL CASE OF COEXISTENCE OF JAK2V617F MUTATION AND BCR-ABL TRANSLOCATION
Authors: Bazarnyi V. V. , Partylova E. A.
Published: January 2023

Essentialy, the diagnostics feature of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is a genetic mutations. While bcr-abl translocation belongs to CML, Jak2V617F mutation is commonly associated with other MPNs. The recent decade has been clarified a data when a human blood presents bcr-abl translocation and Jak2V617F mutation both. This clinical case reports of bcr-abl translocation and Jak2V617F mutation when they were detected simultaneously by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a patient with myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MPN-U).
Interleukin‐38 suppresses abdominal aortic aneurysm formation in mice by regulating macrophages in an IL1RL2‐p38 pathway‐dependent manner
Authors: Kurose Shun , Matsubara Yutaka , Yoshino Shinichiro , Yoshiya Keiji , Morisaki Koichi , Furuyama Tadashi , Hoshino Tomoaki , Yoshizumi Tomoharu
Published: January 2023

Macrophages play crucial roles in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation through the inflammatory response and extracellular matrix degradation; therefore, regulating macrophages may suppress AAA formation. Interleukin‐38 (IL‐38) is a member of the IL‐1 family, which binds to IL‐36 receptor (IL1RL2) and has an anti‐inflammation effect. Because macrophages express IL1RL2, we hypothesized that IL‐38 suppresses AAA formation by controlling macrophages. We assessed a C57BL6/J mouse angiotensin II‐induced AAA model with or without IL‐38 treatment. RAW 264.7 cells were cultured with tumor necrosis factor‐α and treated with or without IL‐38. Because p38 has important roles in inflammation, we assessed p38 phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. To clarify whether the IL‐38 effect depends on the p38 pathway, we used SB203580 to inhibit p38 phosphorylation. IL1RL2+ macrophage accumulation along with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and ‐9 expression was observed in mouse AAA. IL‐38 reduced the incidence of AAA formation along with reduced M1 macrophage accumulation and MMP‐2 and ‐9 expression in the AAA wall. Macrophage activities including inducible nitric oxide, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 production and spindle‐shaped changes were significantly suppressed by IL‐38. Furthermore, we revealed that inhibition of p38 phosphorylation diminished the effects of IL‐38 on regulating macrophages to reduce AAA incidence, indicating the protective effects of IL‐38 depend on the p38 pathway. IL‐38 plays protective roles against AAA formation through regulation of macrophage accumulation in the aortic wall and modulating the inflammatory phenotype. Using IL‐38 may be a novel therapy for AAA patients.
Assessing the commutability of candidate reference materials for the harmonization of neurofilament light measurements in blood
Authors: Andreasson Ulf , Gobom Johan , Delatour Vincent , Auclair Guy , Noam Yoav , Lee Stephen , Wen Jason , Jeromin Andreas , Arslan Burak , Maceski Aleksandra , Willemse Eline , Zetterberg Henrik , Kuhle Jens , Blennow Kaj
Published: January 2023

Objectives

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) concentration in blood is a biomarker of neuro-axonal injury in the nervous system and there now exist several assays with high enough sensitivity to measure NfL in serum and plasma. There is a need for harmonization with the goal of creating a certified reference material (CRM) for NfL and an early step in such an effort is to determine the best matrix for the CRM. This is done in a commutability study and here the results of the first one for NfL in blood is presented.

Methods

Forty paired individual serum and plasma samples were analyzed for NfL on four different analytical platforms. Neat and differently spiked serum and plasma were evaluated for their suitability as a CRM using the difference in bias approach.

Results

The correlation between the different platforms with regards to measured NfL concentrations were very high (Spearman’s ρ≥0.96). Samples spiked with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed higher commutability compared to samples spiked with recombinant human NfL protein and serum seems to be a better choice than plasma as the matrix for a CRM.

Conclusions

The results from this first commutability study on NfL in serum/plasma showed that it is feasible to create a CRM for NfL in blood and that spiking should be done using CSF rather than with recombinant human NfL protein.
On the splitting conjecture in the hybrid model for the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Heap Winston
Published: January 2023

We show that the splitting conjecture in the hybrid model of Gonek, Hughes and Keating holds to order on the Riemann hypothesis. Our results are valid in a larger range of the parameter X which mediates between the partial Euler and Hadamard products. We also show that the asymptotic splitting conjecture holds for this larger range of X in the cases of the second and fourth moments.
Higher differentiability for bounded solutions to a class of obstacle problems with (p,q)-growth
Authors: Grimaldi Antonio Giuseppe
Published: January 2023

We establish the higher fractional differentiability of bounded minimizers to a class of obstacle problems with non-standard growth conditions of the form

min
⁡

{

∫
Ω

F
⁢

(
x
,

D
⁢
w

)

⁢

𝑑
x

:

w
∈

𝒦
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

}

,

\min\bigg{\{}\int_{\Omega}F(x,Dw)dx:w\in\mathcal{K}_{\psi}(\Omega)\biggr{\}},

where Ω is a bounded open set of

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

,

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

,
the function

ψ
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

{\psi\in W^{1,p}(\Omega)}

is a fixed function called obstacle, and

𝒦
ψ

⁢

(
Ω
)

:=

{

w
∈

W

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

:

w
≥

ψ
⁢
 a.e. in 
⁢
Ω

}

\mathcal{K}_{\psi}(\Omega):=\bigl{\{}w\in W^{1,p}(\Omega):w\geq\psi\text{ a.e.%
in }\Omega\bigr{\}}

is the class of admissible functions. If the obstacle ψ is locally bounded, we prove that the gradient of solution inherits some fractional differentiability property, assuming that both the gradient of the obstacle and the mapping

x
↦

D
ξ

⁢
F
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

{x\mapsto D_{\xi}F(x,\xi)}

belong to some suitable Besov space.
The main novelty is that the Besov type regularity on the partial map

x
↦

D
ξ

⁢
F
⁢

(
x
,
ξ
)

{x\mapsto D_{\xi}F(x,\xi)}

is not related to the dimension n.
The homotopy category of acyclic complexes of pure-projective modules
Authors: Gillespie James
Published: January 2023

Let R be any ring with identity. We show that the homotopy category of all acyclic chain complexes of pure-projective R-modules is a compactly generated triangulated category. We do this by constructing abelian model structures that put this homotopy category into a recollement with two other compactly generated triangulated categories: The usual derived category of R and the pure derived category of R.
Performance evaluation of seven level grid-tied PV inverter employs seven switches with the triple gain
Authors: Debela Tamiru , Singh Jiwanjot
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a novel switched capacitor converter has been proposed to generate 7-levels using seven semiconductor switches (7S7L) to get triple gain in the output voltage which is supplied by a single dc source. A PWM technique, phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) has been designed to achieve a suitable switching operation for the 7S7L inverter. In addition, the capacitor voltage is balanced and the suggested inverter uses a charging inductor to decrease the capacitor inrush current, which is a shortcoming in the switched-capacitor multilevel inverters. Moreover, the 7S7L inverter is used to interface the solar panels with the utility grid using a synchronous reference frame-based controller. To check the efficiency, taking actual data, power loss calculation has been discussed for the 7S7L inverter. To illustrate the better performance of the proposed 7S7L inverter than the existing seven-level SC-MLI presented in the literature, a comparative study is also undertaken. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed topology, a converter is simulated using Matlab/Simulink. To validate the simulation results, a real-time study is completed using the OPAL-RT 4510 real-time platform.
3D-printed polyether-ether-ketone/n-TiO2 composite enhances the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells by downregulating miR-154-5p
Authors: Li Zhikun , Li Yifan , Xu Wei , Yu Jimin , Tong Shichao , Zhang Xiangyang , Ye Xiaojian
Published: January 2023

The object was to enhance the bioactivity of pure polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) by incorporating nano-TiO2 (n-TiO2) and investigate its potential mechanism. PEEK/n-TiO2 composite was manufactured using a 3D PEEK printer and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3D profiler, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. Cytocompatibility was tested using SEM, fluorescence, and cell counting kit-8 assays. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by osteogenic gene and mineralized nodule levels. The expression of the candidate miRNAs were detected in composite group, and its role in osteogenic differentiation was studied. As a results the 3D-printed PEEK/n-TiO2 composite (Φ = 25 mm, H = 2 mm) was successfully fabricated, and the TiO2 nanoparticles were well distributed and retained the nanoscale size of the powder. The Ra value of the composite surface was 2.69 ± 0.29, and Ti accounted for 22.29 ± 12.09% (in weight), and FT-IR analysis confirmed the characteristic peaks of TiO2. The cells in the composite group possessed better proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities than those in the PEEK group. miR-154-5p expression was decreased in the composite group, and the inhibition of miR-154-5p significantly enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation abilities. In conclusion, 3D-printed PEEK/n-TiO2 composite enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability by downregulating miR-154-5p, which provides a promising solution for improving the osteointegration of PEEK.
Difficult alliance. Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia against Sweden during the Great Northern War (1700–1721) – an introduction to the problematic
Authors: Paweł Krokosz
Published: January 2023

With the outbreak of the Great Northern War (1700–1721), the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was officially outside the fighting parties (Denmark, Saxony and Russia against Sweden), despite the fact that the main burden of hostilities was on its territory. It was only in 1704 that its representatives concluded an agreement with Russia and in the following years they undertook a joint fight against the Swedish king Charles XII and the Polish and Lithuanian nobility cooperating with him. Soon the alliance turned out to be “difficult” for both sides. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth obtained military and financial aid from Russia for the expansion of its army. Poland and Lithuania also counted on Russia’s help in regaining the Baltic lands occupied by Sweden, which were also sought by the Polish king and the Saxon elector Augustus II. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth also counted on support in the event that Turkey tried to take back Ukrainian lands from it. On the other hand, Tsar Peter I was successful at the front over the years (including the Battle of Poltava) and strengthened his political and military position in Europe. The tsar also began to interfere in the matters of the internally quarrelsome the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, trying to be an arbiter deciding its fate. Additionally, the prolonged stay of Russian troops there was a heavy burden for the Crown and Lithuania. The common paths of the Commonwealth and August II with Peter I slowly diverged. With the end of the war between Russia and Sweden in 1721, former allies were already enemies. Due to the very wide range of political, military, economic and religious issues, this article is only an introduction to the indicated issues. The author’s intention is to inspire researchers to undertake a new, or revive an already started, historical discourse on the Polish–Russian alliance during the Great Northern War (1700–1721).
Stochastic zero-sum differential games and backward stochastic differential equations
Authors: Oufdil Khalid
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we study the stochastic zero-sum differential game in finite horizon in a general case. We first prove that the BSDE associated with a specific generator (the Hamiltonian function for the game) has a unique solution. Then we characterize the value function as that solution to prove the existence of a saddle point for the game. Finally, in the Markovian framework, we show that the value function is the unique viscosity solution for the related partial differential equation.
The consumption of vegetable oils and their possible participation as a neuroprotector
Authors: Matías-Pérez Diana , Sánchez-Medina Marco Antonio , Hernández-Bautista Emilio , García-Montalvo Iván Antonio
Published: January 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders are associated with causes such as induction of oxidative stress, alterations in Ca2+ homeostasis, abnormal protein aggregation, inflammatory processes, excitotoxicity, and apoptosis. In addition to the above, the food transition in recent years has led to changes in dietary patterns, increasing the consumption of ultra-processed and processed foods that can lead to lipotoxicity and induce oxidative stress. Nutraceutical components present in vegetable oils can be considered as an alternative for neuroprotection through the regulation of oxidative stress.
Global Infectious Diseases in December 2022: Monthly Analysis
Authors: Xiang Qi , Li Taihan , He Minjing , Zhang Shuqiong , Luo Yi , Zou Jiazhen , Li Guodan , Su Qun , He Shiping , Yu Wenjin , Gu Dayong
Published: January 2023

The emergence and reoccurrence of infectious diseases constitute a significant threat to human health. Data for this paper were mainly obtained from official websites, such as the WHO and national CDC websites. The report summarizes and analyzes information on infectious diseases for early outbreak monitoring from 24 November to 23 December 2022. Monkeypox cases declined in December 2022 with few deaths, while cholera infections have increased in African regions and war-torn countries. Most sub-Saharan countries are affected by insect-borne diseases, such as dengue, Lassa, and chikungunya fever.
Pancasila as a Source of Law in Enforcing Corruption in Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Andre Setyo
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is currently in a state of emergency in law enforcement, especially in cases of corruption. Law enforcement in Indonesia is still quite alarming because the law in Indonesia still views the public and officials, this view is certainly not equal and not in accordance with the values ​​contained in Pancasila. With the inequality of legal equality of corruption, there are many problems ranging from health to the economy. Corruption is an act that is very detrimental in various sectors, especially in its enforcement that is not in accordance with the values ​​of Pancasila which causes enforcement in Indonesia to be very sad. In the discussion of this journal, it focuses more on the values ​​of Pancasila so that law enforcement in Indonesia returns to normal or enforcement in Indonesia can be said to be equivalent which contains the values ​​of Pancasila in it. In taking the material in this journal, we use the library study method which will add insight into how to take the attitude of Pancasila values ​​in law enforcement corruption.
Archipelagic Insights in Solving National Cultural Conflicts in Indonesia
Authors: Mukri Waal Mukhayun , Waspiah Waspiah
Published: January 2023

The Archipelagic Insight is one of the important things, not only in strengthening the national character but also in positioning various problems in the eyes of nationalism and Indonesianness. This study aims to analyze the role of archipelago insight in solving various national cultural conflicts. The method used in this study is a literature study, in which the author examines various theories and research results related to the archipelago's insight as a means of solving problems of national cultural conflict. This study finds and emphasizes that with the diversity of ethnicity, race, religion, belief and culture in Indonesia, various potential conflicts always arise. The heterogeneous character of the Indonesian nation becomes a conflict related to culture which is very likely to occur. In addition, in this study, the archipelago insight is considered capable of resolving various potential conflicts, including cultural conflicts, whether through the Pancasila philosophy approach, regional, socio-cultural, or historical aspects.
Legal Protection of Health Care Workers Regarding Workplace Violence During Pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Wiwoho Jamal , Firdaus Sunny Ummul , Machfudz Drifarrosa Aisy Aufanuha , Laxamanahady Moch Syafrudin Dwisapto
Published: January 2023

Work place violence against health care workers has happened in all over the world and begun to be a global phenomenone. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, violence against health care workers increase rapidly. This was caused by many factors and unfortunately, health care workers feel helpless when this happened. Therefore, legal protection towards health care workers in case of work place violance is needed. In Indonesia legal system, there are some law and regulations that regulated protection of health care workers. Health care workers basically will be protected by law when they carry on their duty and any violence that was made toward them during their work can be prosecuted. Beside of protection by the law, both of Government and Health Institution need to make a prevention scheme to decrease work place violance toward health care workers.
Should unlawful combatants be considered as prisoners of war when captured?
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Ali , Haque Mohammad Inzamul
Published: January 2023

Upon being captured or held captive, an enemy combatant is subjected to ‘POW’ status and hence enjoys certain rights and protections based on the Geneva Conventions. Even throughout the period the combatant is in prison awaiting trial, he/she is to receive humane treatment from the State or belligerent party which has captured him/her as a suspect during the war. However, a complication arises with the differentiation of the term ‘enemy combatant’, which applies to both ‘lawful’ and ‘unlawful combatants’. While lawful combatants are automatically considered to receive ‘prisoners of war’ status regarding unlawful combatants, giving them a similar classification is frowned upon. As a result, the captured combatants are exposed to not receiving any rights that a POW may receive. The term itself has no official existence in the Geneva Conventions documents but is often used in other writings and has become a matter of debate. Unfortunately, the expression to address the ones who have taken part in an armed conflict illegally has made them vulnerable to cruel punishments and inhuman treatment while in the custody of the enemy. The question is, should that be the case that a person who has been captured during wartime and is suspected or proven to be taking part in hostile activity not be considered a POW or at least receive proper protection just because the Geneva Conventions do not mention the term in particular? This research paper discusses the discrimination made between lawful and unlawful combatants.
Political Dowry in the Maelstrom of Political Practices in Indonesia: Legal and Political Aspects
Authors: Mustika Tiara , Rodiyah Rodiyah
Published: January 2023

Political dowry can be understood as an underhand transaction that involves the provision of large amounts of funds from a candidate for a position contested in the General Election or Regional Head Election with a political party as the political vehicle. A final political decision can change due to transactions in order to change the political attitudes or actions of the people who are influenced. In transactional politics, power or power is at play. Those who want a change in political attitudes and actions from political actors (friends or foes) will use power. The research method used is a normative method that uses secondary data sources or data obtained through literature, books, etc. In politics, political bargaining can be in the form of threats of punishment (giving sticks or sticks), can also be in the form of profitable offers (giving carrots or carrots). The power base of the first party to influence the second party varies, it can be in the form of money, political position or control of negative information about the second party. The practice of unreasonable political dowry in all political activities also has a negative impact on the progress of the country's development. For example, costs that are too high will have an impact on the possibility of greater corruption.
The importance of university libraries
Authors: Groffier Ethel
Published: January 2023

The drastic changes undergone by university libraries over the last forty years have been accompanied in many cases by underfunding and low priority in university budgets. This situation has a detrimental impact on the image of the university and its role in the community. The purpose of the following note is to draw attention to this problem that should first be acknowledged in order to be alleviated.
English language education and learner’s psychology
Authors: Moghaddas Bahram
Published: January 2023

In the globalization era, educational system is so much complex that no single learning approach works foreveryone. Hence, educational psychologists focus on identifying and studying learning methods to betterunderstand how people absorb and retain new information. They apply theories of human development toreveal the individual learning and the instructional process. Interaction with teachers and students inlanguage classrooms is not the only facet of the job. Through education learners try to impart knowledge,improve their power of reasoning, and make them prepare intellectually for a long-life process of education.Teachers as the vital elements of the educational system try to identify the learners’ educational needs,abilities, attitudes, interests, motivational level, and temperaments by observing their treatments to unraveltheir difficulties and involve these variables in performance. Through effective interaction andsocialization, an educator can induce social and moral values of the society in learners, cause them to fully participate in and contribute to self-development and to the needs of the classrooms and educational centers.The present research tries to figure out the learners’ educational needs in EFL classrooms and tackle theirlearning difficulties. It also examines how students learn in various contexts to identify approaches andstrategies to make learning more effective.
Current trends in theological sciences in Costa Rica facing the XXI century
Authors: Hernández Castro Gustavo
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to provide a documentary reflection of the state of theological sciences in Costa Rica from global trends in the XXI century. A non-exhaustive exploratory research is proposed, based on a compilation and analysis of the literature on the new paradigms of biblical archeology, theological anthropology and a different perspective on the economic discipline, which makes theology unwavering support to proclaim the Good new since its prophetic character. A reflection is offered to contribute to public policy and to the search for the common good.
Influence of mathematics in our daily lives
Authors: Sami Khan Salman Bin , Salman Reema
Published: January 2023

Life always demands the contemporary requirement for a good mathematical knowledge. Mathematics is the very important tool for our life and in every research perspective that supports all-round for the personal growth and development. Mathematics importantly plays a role where pupils influenced and get better results in education sector but for the high moral education they must know about the knowledge in special branch of mathematics. Mathematics makes life easier and in orderly to prevent from chaos and confusions. Certain things, qualities and abilities promoted by mathematics are problem solving, creativity, critical thinking and power of reasoning and to communicate effectively are also the special skills. Many applications of mathematics we can see in the nature, industries, banking sectors, technology especially in research fields etc. Mathematics also used in genetics and in statistical analysis we used hypothesis test in genetics. To maintain the quality of education we developed the interest in mathematics. Because mathematics is the key to success in every field and we always used in daily routine in our life. In this article we focused for the sake of humans the importance and use of mathematics. We set the questionnaires to know the skills of pupils and from a short survey we conclude that how people get interest in mathematics.
Kanaqah, Silent Irfan
Authors: Asadi Shaham , Sodagar Babak
Published: January 2023

Architecture has always been associated in some way with a fundamental thought. It seems that the collection of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili, as one of the important centers of mysticism and Sufism, has also been influenced by mystical ideas and concepts, and these concepts have been effective in shaping the architecture of this collection. Sheikh Safi al-Din's collection was built during different periods, but historical texts state that Sadr al-Din Musa - the son and successor of Sheikh Safi - designed the order and structure of the tomb himself and through a dream or imagination inspired its structure to the architects of this building (Ḵānaqāh).1 Therefore, it may be possible to recognize the architectural connection of this collection with mystical thought and concepts. In the course of mysticism, the seven stages are mentioned, through which the seeker reaches the stage of annihilation in the sight of God. This article tries to explore its connection with the formation of Sheikh Safi al-Din collection by knowing exactly the characteristics of each of these stages. To reach the question of the present article, first the thought of "Tariqat" is studied and then the collection of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili is introduced. In the next step, the relationship between these two areas will be examined based on the available evidence and documentation (Silent Irfan).2
A scientific approach to skin radiotherapy nursing Article 1 - The role of the nurse in patient assessment
Authors: Fogarty Gerald B. , Sutton Amy , Christiansen Nicole , Guard Jocelyn , Manning Jenn , Chaudhuri Anupam
Published: January 2023

Nurses play an important role in the care of patients treated with radiotherapy (RT) for skin conditions, such as skin cancers. A series of four articles will aim to supplement general oncology nurse training by providing a scientific basis to better understand the skin and its diseases, the use of RT in skin, and the management of necessary acute skin RT reactions to achieve best patient outcomes. This first article focuses on the role of the nurse within the radiation oncology department and the initial patient assessment. It enables the nurse to develop an appreciation of the unique nature of patients undergoing RT to the skin and provides recommendations on nursing assessment, patient examination, and optimal care of the skin RT patient. It also highlights the psychological impact of a skin cancer diagnosis on the patient. The second article in this series of four revises the anatomy, physiology, pathologies and radiobiology of skin. The third describes the skin RT prescription and plan, especially in relation to volume and dose; and the fourth shows how the nurse, by applying the knowledge from the previous articles, can predict, explain and care for acute side effects that may arise during a course of skin radiotherapy.
Fourth wave of COVID-19 and CT imaging
Authors: Imtiaz Sadia , Khan Shehzad , Liaqat Salma , Babar Shah , Hadi Sanya , Hadi Anam
Published: January 2023

The purpose of current study is to evaluate findings of COVID fourth wave through Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging in Malakand division of Pakistan. Thus, to obtain the research findings, the study adopted experimental approach to evaluate how the CT scan facilitates the radiologists to study about fourth wave of COVID-19, and how the experiment can be implemented in Malakand, Pakistan. The patients with COVID-19 positive were involved in the study, where the results of their CT scan were analyzed to evaluate the difference in examination and other factors associated with COVID symptoms. Total 50 patients with COVID positive were involved in the study from Malakand division of Pakistan, and their CT imaging was performed in a well-known hospital of Swat. The findings were then analyzed through CT Images, which showed that approximately, 81% of the participant’s images were found with patchy ground-glass opacities, whereas 69% patients were found with patchy consolidations. Also, 31% patients had nodules found in CT imaging. Also, in 52% patients, the interlobular septal thickness was also observed, which had thickened the vascular, air bronchogram, or fibrous foci. Further conclusions were drawn on the effectiveness of the CT scan images in prediction of COVID impact on the patients in future.
Application of ultrasonography to Neuro-COVID-19
Authors: Ruggiero Marco
Published: January 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography in diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with particular reference to the symptoms that are frequently observed in Neuro-COVID-19, a term that indicates the plethora of short- and long-term neurologic and psychiatric manifestations caused by, or associated with the disease. In a significant percentage of cases, neuro-psychiatric symptoms persist after recovery and long-term sequelae have been reported. SARS-CoV-2 can infect the brain through different routes and the damage can be direct, that is due to the virus itself, or indirect, that is associated with abnormal immune responses, inflammation, and hypoxia. Methods: In this study, the brain was studied by transcranial ultrasonography. Analysis of brain specimens obtained from autopsy demonstrated the presence of the virus in a minority of cases and this leads to hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 may hide in sanctuary sites in the central nervous system in analogy with what observed for HIV. The existence of sanctuary sites for SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to decrease the efficacy of antiviral therapies or vaccination and may even prevent complete eradication of SARS-CoV-2 from the infected organism. Results: Transcranial ultrasonography demonstrated significant movements of the brain associated with the respiratory cycle. In 2017, a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure was proposed with the goal of identifying and treating pathogens hiding in sanctuaries that elude diagnosis and therapy. This procedure is based on clinical evaluation, diagnostic ultrasonography, therapeutic ultrasounds, and laboratory analyses. Conclusions: Here, it is demonstrated that application of transcranial ultrasonography to Neuro-COVID-19 requires a specific adaptation that takes into account brain movements synchronous with breathing as well as the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to ultrasounds.
Physical characteristics in cone beam computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging for small motion target in different directions
Authors: Li Kaile
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Fiducial marker has been an effective and intuitive way to localize motion target for lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT). However, due to the complexity for motion target imaging, the optimal target localization strategy still need to be developed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the clinical procedure. In this study, the golden marker moving in different directions was characterized in CBCT images for optimal localization application. Method and Materials: A Visicoil linear fiducial marker was selected for this study. The length and diameter of the marker were 5mm and 1mm. The motion was generated by Real Time Position Management (RPM) phantom from Varian Medical System. The motion was simulated to be 2.3 second breathing period and about 1cm amplitude. The motion was at three directions along the anterior-posterior (AP), left-right (LR), and In-Out (IO) of the couch. Their CBCT images were taken, and targets were done by auto-contouring with HU range from minus 900 to positive 4000. The targets were post-processed with keeping the largest part and converted to high resolution segment. Their characteristics were described by shape, volume, center of the volume and volume pixel information, which were attained by MIM Software. Results: In this CBCT study, the volume of motion visicoil gold maker were 0.283cc, 0.348cc, and 0.271cc as moving along AP, IO and LR direction. They were corresponding to 143%, 163% and 236% of the static volume. The max HUs for each moving target were 3395, 343 and 3097, which were 49 %, 13% and 44% of those of the static visicoil. The center distances comparing to those of the static targets were 0.63cm with standard deviation at 0.02cm. Conclusions: When the gold makers were applied for localization of treatment target in Lung SBRT, the geometric distance can be reflected in accurate level; however, the direction of motions could generate large HU difference, which could be one of factors resulted in local failure due to undefined boundary of tumor. And dosimetric characteristic in region of interest should be further investigated to understand the potential effect of local failure case even when marker tracking or soft tissue technique for localization is used.
Biomedical applications of single-particle based material: quantum dots
Authors: S Ankit , Thakur Shilpa , Sharma Surbhi
Published: January 2023

Quantum dots are artificial "droplets" of charge that might include a single electron or a group of thousands. Their normal sizes range from nanometres to a few microns, and employing cutting-edge nanofabrication technology, it is possible to precisely regulate their size, shape, and interactions. These special qualities have drawn a lot of interest in the biomedical community recently because they make it possible for real-time tissue imaging (bioimaging), diagnostics, single molecule probes, and medication administration, among many other applications. Due to their high brightness, photo bleach resistance, multiplexing ability, and high surface-to-volume ratio, quantum dots are ideal candidates for intracellular tracking, diagnostics, in vivo imaging, and therapeutic delivery. The optical properties of quantum dots can be tuned by size and composition. In the current paper, we will review properties, preparation, characteristics as well as biomedical applications. In addition, some issues along with future aspects. Furthermore, several commercially accessible alternatives are technically contrasted with QDs. Finally, we suggest technical factors that must be considered to enhance the clinical outcome of QDs.
Characterization of microbial species in the biodegradation of explosives, military shooting range, Kaduna, Nigeria
Authors: Otaiku Ayodele A , Alhaji Isyaku
Published: January 2023

Kachia military firing range since 1965 in situ characterization of microbes present in explosives contaminated soils was investigated. Bacteria gram stain morphological and biochemical characterization of the different microbial isolates. Bacterial DNA extracted from soil samples was achieved using the 16SrRNA is amplified using Polymerase Chain Reaction with the following microbes (Lysini bacillus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumomia, Achromobacter spp and Arcobacter spp) was confirmed and results compared with the sequence obtained from the nucleotide database of National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). Fungal species isolates are: Rhizopus spp, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Trametes versicolourand Phanorochate chrysoporium may adapted to metabolise the explosives and heavy metals contaminant xenobiotic by biodegradation. Percentage isolates occurrence: 75% Enterobacterspp (highest) and 33% Escherichia coli (lowest); 67% Aspergillus niger (highest); and 17% for Penicillium sppand Trametes versicolor (lowest) respectively. Microbial biodegradation of explosives is considered to be most favourable under co-metabolic conditions. Site study explosives treatment by bioremediation will requires bioaugmentation of isolated microbes for xenobiotic biodegradation. Explosives impacts on biodiversity was illuminated and treatments protocol
Seroprevalence of Rubella Virus antibodies among pregnant women in Hodeidah city, Western Yemen
Authors: Al-Arnoot Saad , Al-Thobhani Assem , YM Abdullah Qais , MS Alghalibi Saeed
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Rubella infection in early pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, fetal death, or birth of an infant with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Like other developing countries, in Yemen rubella surveillance is not well-established. So, the aim of this study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the seroprevalence and potential risk factors in acquiring rubella infection by pregnant women in Hodeidah city Yemen. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted for rubella infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Hodeidah city, western Yemen. Demographic data, obstetric characteristics, and blood samples were collected and tested for rubella specific antibodies (IgG and IgM) by using the Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) technique. Results: The study revealed that Rubella virus antibodies were positive in 91.25% of the samples of which 89.2% were positive only for IgG class and 2.0% positive for both IgG and IgM antibodies. There was no statistically significant association between Rubella seropositive and all the socio-demographic characteristics and obstetric characteristics analyzed (P>0.05). Conclusions: Rubella virus is endemic in Hodeidah city, Western Yemen with a high seroprevalence of IgG antibodies among pregnant women. There is a strong recommendation for Rubella screening in pregnant women and to proceed to postpartum vaccination for seronegative women.
Intrusive thoughts, avoiding intrusive thoughts, and hyperarousal predict romantic breakup distress
Authors: Field Tiffany , Poling Samantha , Mines Shantay , Diego Miguel , Bendell Debra , Pelaez Martha
Published: January 2023

Romantic breakup distress is prevalent and can have severe psychological and physiological effects including symptoms that mimic a heart attack. This Survey Monkey study assessed predictors of Breakup Distress Scale scores including scores on The Impact of Events Scale, The Trauma Symptoms Checklist-38, and The Missing the Partner Scale. A stepwise regression analysis suggested that the scores on The Impact of Events Scale (intrusive thoughts, avoidance of intrusive thoughts, and hyperarousal) explained 59% of the variance in scores on the Breakup Distress Scale. The Trauma Symptoms Checklist-38 scores contributed to another 7% of the variance, and the Missing the Partner Scale scores added another 3% for a total of 69% of the variance. Elevated scores on The Impact of Events Scale suggest that this sample was experiencing posttraumatic stress symptoms and that these scales could be used to identify those who might need intervention for romantic breakup distress.
Ilae classification of seizures and antiepileptic medications apothegmatic: hereafter advancement and clinical practice
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The Antiepileptic medications are frequently categorized into divisions such as ‘first-generation’ (i.e., carbamazepine, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone, and valproate) and ‘second-generation’ (lamotrigine, levetiracetam, felbamate, gabapentin, topiramate, tiagabine, oxycarbazepine, zonisamide, and pregabalin). Chronic phenytoin ingestion leads to its impact in the cerebral cortex, resulting in atrophy of cerebellum, cause ataxia and nystagmus. Objective: To recapitulate the International league against epilepsy classifications, first treatment for epilepsy based on their classifications, antiepileptic medications adverse drug reaction, Methodology: The author used 74 distinctive published articles for the accomplishment of this review article. Google search engine was used for accessing published articles from databases like Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, NCBI, NDSS, PMID, PMCID, Cochrane Database and CLINMED international library. Findings: Tonic-clonic is characterized by stiffness for loss of consciousness occurred by tonic extension and rhythmic clonic contractions of all considerable muscle groups. Antiepileptic drugs are implicitly an effective treatment for patient with epilepsy. Carbamazepine cause serious and sometimes fatal dermatologic reactions, including toxic epidermal necrolysis and stevens-johnson syndrome, aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis, Suicidal Behavior and Ideation, Stevens johnson syndrome, cholestatic jaundice, ataxia, xerostomia, speech disturbances, feeling sleepy Conclusion: Commonly happening side-effects of AEDs are memory troubles, exhaustion, tremors, gastrointestinal symptoms, osteoporosis, depression, drowsiness, dizziness, weight change, nausea. In generalized seizures, on the other hand, the seizure is generalized from the endeavor (i.e., primary generalized seizures), launching in both hemispheres of the brain contemporaneously
Losing a family member: grieving process
Authors: Şekerci Fatma , Bulut Sefa
Published: January 2023

A person is born, lives and dies. This is a natural process, and every person experiences it. Death is a part of the life cycle and an inevitable painful fact that exists in the lives of all humans. Every person encounters death at some stage of his/her life. Every death has an effect on a person’s life. But the death of a person we know affects us more than any death we see on the news or read about in the newspaper. The death and disappearance of a person we know, who is from our family, affects us badly in psychological, emotional, physical and many other ways. In this paper, we will examine the concept of death and losing someone we know, a family member and its effects on people
Expectations of patients assessed in clinical psychology in a mental health center
Authors: Cuesta Pastor Melisa , Sánchez Ruiz Diego , Moreno Perez Ana
Published: January 2023

At present, an understanding of psychic suffering marked by the biomedical model predominates, which also permeates the approach from clinical psychology and determines the expectations of patients. Expectations are one of the least studied variables of therapeutic change, despite being included among the common factors and their importance being confirmed in different studies. This research seeks to describe the expectations of the population assessed in the clinical psychology service in a Mental Health Center. Expectations are assessed quantitatively using the MPEQ questionnaire and qualitatively using an ad hoc questionnaire. The results reflect that most patients have the expectation that therapists will help them through techniques to reduce their symptoms and have disproportionately high expectations regarding the results of psychotherapy, which in accordance with the biomedical and rational-scientific predominant conception in this area