bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nature of shocks revealed by SOFIA OI observations in the Cepheus E protostellar outflow
Authors: Gusdorf A. , Anderl S. , Lefloch B. , Leurini S. , Wiesemeyer H. , Güsten R. , Benedettini M. , Codella C. , Godard B. , Gómez-Ruiz A. I. , Jacobs K. , Kristensen L. E. , Lesaffre P. , Pineau des Forêts G. , Lis D. C.
Published: April 2017

Context.Protostellar jets and outflows are key features of the star-formation process, and primary processes of the feedback of young stars on the interstellar medium. Understanding the underlying shocks is necessary to explain how jet and outflow systems are launched, and to quantify their chemical and energetic impacts on the surrounding medium.

Aims.We performed a high-spectral resolution study of the [OI]63μmemission in the outflow of the intermediate-mass Class 0 protostar Cep E-mm. The goal is to determine the structure of the outflow, to constrain the chemical conditions in the various components, and to understand the nature of the underlying shocks, thus probing the origin of the mass-loss phenomenon.

Methods.We present observations of the O i3P1→3P2, OH between2Π1/2J= 3/2 andJ= 1/2 at 1837.8 GHz, and CO (16–15) lines with the GREAT receiver onboard SOFIA towards three positions in the Cep E protostellar outflow: Cep E-mm (the driving protostar), Cep E-BI (in the southern lobe), and Cep E-BII (the terminal position in the southern lobe).

Results.The CO (16–15) line is detected at all three positions. The [OI]63μmline is detected in Cep E-BI and BII, whereas the OH line is not detected. In Cep E-BII, we identify three kinematical components in O iand CO. These were already detected in CO transitions and relate to spatial components: the jet, the HH377 terminal bow-shock, and the outflow cavity. We measure line temperature and line integrated intensity ratios for all components. The O icolumn density is higher in the outflow cavity than in the jet, which itself is higher than in the terminal shock. The terminal shock is the region where the abundance ratio of O ito CO is the lowest (about 0.2), whereas the jet component is atomic (N(O i)/N(CO) ~ 2.7). In the jet, we compare the [OI]63μmobservations with shock models that successfully fit the integrated intensity of 10 CO lines. We find that these models most likely do not fit the [OI]63μmdata.

Conclusions.The high intensity of O iemission points towards the propagation of additional dissociative or alternative FUV-irradiated shocks, where the illumination comes from the shock itself. A picture emerges from the sample of low-to-high mass protostellar outflows, where similar observations have been performed, with the effects of illumination increasing with the mass of the protostar. These findings need confirmation with more observational constraints and a larger sample.
Traumatic Symmetric Biparietal Extradural Hematoma: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Prasad G. , Sinha Sumit
Published: April 2017

Traumatic bilateral epidural hematomas (EDHs) are uncommon and are mostly found in the frontal region because of extension of fracture across the midline and tear of venous sinus. Authors report two cases of mirror image biparietal extradural hematoma after sustaining a high-velocity motor vehicle accident. Both were adult males and had a very low admission GCS of less than 8. Emergency hematoma evacuation was performed bilaterally and good outcomes were achieved in both. Mean follow-up duration was 9 months. The pathophysiologic mechanisms are different from solitary EDH as are the clinical features and outcomes. The rarity of these lesions and surgical nuances are highlighted.
Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations Using Micro–Multi-leaf Collimators: Analyses of Outcome
Authors: Anjanappa Milan , Jayadevan E. , Bhasi Saju , Koshy Sumod , George Preethi , Arjunan Asha , Raghukumar P. , Mathew Beela
Published: April 2017

Aim To assess the outcome of patients with AVMs treated using micro-MLC–based radiosurgery at Regional Cancer Centre (RCC), Thiruvananthapuram.

Materials and Methods During January 1 to December 31, 2012, 24 patients were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) at RCC. The median age was 28 years (range: 8–58 years). There were 11 males and 13 females. Fifteen patients had prior embolization. All patients were treated with a frameless radiosurgery system using micro-MLC–based linear accelerator (LINAC). Obliteration of the lesion was assessed with either magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA).

Results Nineteen patients who underwent an assessment procedure were evaluable for this study. At median follow-up of 12 months, nearly two-thirds of patients had complete obliteration of the AVM and the rest had partial obliteration. Among patients with complete obliteration, seven patients had an AVM volume of ≤ 3 cc and three-fourths of the patients had AVM score of < 1.5. Further, marginal dose of > 18 Gy resulted in higher obliteration. One patient had an episode of seizure after SRS. No complications or bleed was seen in any of the patients after treatment.

Conclusion Our experience correlates with the existing literature reports, without any significant complications. Longer follow-up is required to assess the complete obliteration and late complications.
Brain Studded with Innumerable Larger Stones: Starry Sky at Night Appearance: Multiple Calcified Giant Tuberculoma with 15 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Satyarthee Guru , Chandra P. , Mahapatra A.
Published: April 2017

Tuberculosis is rapidly reemerging as a major health problem due to rising incidence of HIV cases across the globe. Central nervous system involvement is rare, but rarely multiple intracerebral granulomas can occur or occasional solitary tuberculoma also develops. The authors report a unique case of 24-year-old woman suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis developed headache and vomiting. Cranial CT scan revealed multiple widespread deposit of intracranial granuloma of sizeable lesion mimicking starry sky at night appearance. Excision of one tuberculoma was done for confirmation of definitive diagnosis, and histopathology was suggestive of tuberculoma. The patient also underwent VP shunt surgery. At last follow-up at 15 years following surgery, she was doing well.
Box Lesion with Single Radiofrequency Clamp
Authors: Shaikhrezai Kasra , Spadaccio Cristiano , Hunter Steven
Published: April 2017

We introduce a maneuver to perform the box lesion as a part of Cox maze IV procedure with single radiofrequency clamp. The maneuver entails engaging the right pulmonary veins with the clamp, then advancing the clamp jaws underneath the superior vena cava through the transverse sinus to include the roof and the left pulmonary veins in the clamp. We regularly use this technique for box lesion with desirable transmurality.
Psychiatrie in der DDR zwischen Aufbruch und Stagnation: Die Brandenburger Thesen zur „Therapeutischen Gemeinschaft“ (1974/76)
Authors: Kumbier Ekkehardt , Haack Kathleen
Published: April 2017

Inspiriert vom Konzept des englischen Psychiaters Maxwell Jones entstanden 1974 die „Brandenburger Thesen zur Therapeutischen Gemeinschaft“. Ihr Ziel war es, das therapeutische Milieu in den psychiatrischen Krankenhäusern in der DDR zu verändern. Anhand von Quellen des Bundesarchivs in Berlin und erstmals des Historischen Archivs des Asklepios Fachklinikums Brandenburg sollen Motivation, Umsetzung und Wirkung der sog. Brandenburger Thesen im Kontext der gesellschaftspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen erörtert werden. Obwohl diese keine breite Wirkung auf die psychiatrische Versorgung entfalten konnten, gingen von den Brandenburger Thesen dennoch wichtige Impulse für die Entwicklung der Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie in der DDR aus. In der Diskussion um das Konzept der „Therapeutischen Gemeinschaft“ wurde deutlich, dass dieses mit den gesellschaftspolitischen Zielen der Staatspartei SED und deren Prinzipien der Kollektiverziehung übereinstimmen sollte.
Screening methods for linear-scaling short-range hybrid calculations on CPU and GPU architectures
Authors: Beuerle Matthias , Kussmann Jörg , Ochsenfeld Christian
Published: April 2017

We present screening schemes that allow for efficient, linear-scaling short-range exchange calculations employing Gaussian basis sets for both CPU and GPU architectures. They are based on the LinK [C. Ochsenfeld et al., J. Chem. Phys. 109, 1663 (1998)] and PreLinK [J. Kussmann and C. Ochsenfeld, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 134114 (2013)] methods, but account for the decay introduced by the attenuated Coulomb operator in short-range hybrid density functionals. Furthermore, we discuss the implementation of short-range electron repulsion integrals on GPUs. The introduction of our screening methods allows for speedups of up to a factor 7.8 as compared to the underlying linear-scaling algorithm, while retaining full numerical control over the accuracy. With the increasing number of short-range hybrid functionals, our new schemes will allow for significant computational savings on CPU and GPU architectures.
Dynamics in higher lying excited states: Valence to Rydberg transitions in the relaxation paths of pyrrole and methylated derivatives
Authors: Geng Ting , Schalk Oliver , Neville Simon P. , Hansson Tony , Thomas Richard D.
Published: April 2017

The involvement of intermediate Rydberg states in the relaxation dynamics of small organic molecules which, after excitation to the valence manifold, also return to the valence manifold is rarely observed. We report here that such a transiently populated Rydberg state may offer the possibility to modify the outcome of a photochemical reaction. In a time resolved photoelectron study on pyrrole and its methylated derivatives, N-methyl pyrrole and 2,5-dimethyl pyrrole, 6.2 eV photons (200 nm) are used to excite these molecules into a bright ππ* state. In each case, a π3p-Rydberg state, either the B1(π3py) or the A2(π3pz) state, is populated within 20-50 fs after excitation. The wavepacket then proceeds to the lower lying A2(πσ*) state within a further 20 fs, at which point two competing reaction channels can be accessed: prompt N-H (N-CH3) bond cleavage or return to the ground state via a conical intersection accessed after ring puckering, the latter of which is predicted to require an additional 100–160 fs depending on the molecule.
Miura transformations for discrete Painlevé equations coming from the affine E8 Weyl group
Authors: Ramani A. , Grammaticos B. , Willox R.
Published: April 2017

We derive integrable equations starting from autonomous mappings with a general form inspired by the additive systems associated to the affine Weyl group E8(1). By deautonomisation we obtain two hitherto unknown systems, one of which turns out to be a linearisable one, and we show that both these systems arise from the deautonomisation of a non-QRT (Quispel-Roberts-Thompson) mapping. In order to unambiguously prove the integrability of these nonautonomous systems, we introduce a series of Miura transformations which allows us to prove that one of these systems is indeed a discrete Painlevé equation, related to the affine Weyl group E7(1), and to cast it in canonical form. A similar sequence of Miura transformations allows us to effectively linearise the second system we obtain. An interesting off-shoot of our calculations is that the series of Miura transformations, when applied at the autonomous limit, allows one to transform a non-QRT invariant into a QRT one.
Euclidean path integral formalism in deformed space with minimum measurable length
Authors: Bernardo Reginald Christian S. , Esguerra Jose Perico H.
Published: April 2017

We study time-evolution at the quantum level by developing the Euclidean path-integral approach for the general case where there exists a minimum measurable length. We derive an expression for the momentum-space propagator which turns out to be consistent with recently developed β-canonical transformation. We also construct the propagator for maximal localization which corresponds to the amplitude that a state which is maximally localized at location ξ′ propagates to a state which is maximally localized at location ξ″ in a given time. Our expression for the momentum-space propagator and the propagator for maximal localization is valid for any form of time-independent Hamiltonian. The nonrelativistic free particle, particle in a linear potential, and the harmonic oscillator are discussed as examples.
A room temperature strategy towards enhanced performance and bias stability of oxide thin film transistor with a sandwich structure channel layer
Authors: Zeng Yong , Ning Honglong , Zheng Zeke , Zhang Hongke , Fang Zhiqiang , Yao Rihui , Xu Miao , Wang Lei , Lan Linfeng , Peng Junbiao , Lu Xubing
Published: April 2017

Thermal annealing is a conventional and effective way to improve the bias stress stability of oxide thin film transistors (TFT) on solid substrates. However, it is still a challenge for enhancing the bias stress stability of oxide TFTs on flexible substrates by high-temperature post-treatment due to the thermal sensitivity of flexible substrates. Here, a room temperature strategy is presented towards enhanced performance and bias stability of oxide TFTs by intentionally engineering a sandwich structure channel layer consisting of a superlattice with aluminum doped zinc oxide (AZO) and Al2O3 thin films. The Al2O3/AZO/Al2O3-TFTs not only exhibit a saturation mobility of 9.27 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a linear mobility of 11.38 cm2 V−1 s−1 but also demonstrate a better bias stress stability than AZO/Al2O3-TFT. Moreover, the underlying mechanism of this enhanced electrical performance of TFTs with a sandwich structure channel layer is that the bottom Al2O3 thin films can obviously improve the crystalline phase of AZO films while decreasing electrical trapping centers and adsorption sites for undesirable molecules such as water and oxygen.
Analysis of the second harmonic generation signal from a liquid/air and liquid/liquid interface
Authors: Pham Thanh Tung , Jonchère Alban , Dufrêche Jean-François , Brevet Pierre-François , Diat Olivier
Published: April 2017

Three different liquid interfaces, water/air, thiophene/air, and water/thiophene, were probed using the second harmonic generation (SHG) technique. Thiophene and water have been chosen because the hyperpolarizability of these molecules has already been measured or calculated and the different values can be found in literature. We have studied the microscopic structure of these interfaces by comparing the components of the second order susceptibility tensor determined from the SHG polarization curve analysis with those determined via a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of these interfaces. We have indeed computed the structure and orientation of water and thiophene molecules at the liquid/air and liquid/liquid (L/L) interfaces as a function of the distance from the interface. The integrated susceptibility values calculated by MD simulations agree well with SHG results and validate the choice of force fields that should permit to quantify more complex L/L interfaces.
Orientation-specific transgranular fracture behavior of CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 single crystal
Authors: Hao Song , Yang Bingchu , Gao Yongli
Published: April 2017

In recent times, there has been a rapidly growing interest in fracture behavior of two-dimensional materials since it is crucial for device performances. Here, we report an orientation-specific transgranular fracture behavior of a CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 single crystal investigated by various means. The underlying mechanism proposed that micro-cracks nucleated at sulfur vacancies propagate along the energy-favored zigzag directions upon fast quenching induced thermal strain, which results in an orientation-specific fracture behavior. The corresponding photoluminescence characteristic peaks undergo a blue-shift by ∼165 meV, suggesting compressive strain resided, in sharp contrast to tensile strain in a normal CVD-grown MoS2 single crystal. In addition, the combined photoemission electron microscopy and kelvin force microscopy results show the obvious surface potential variation between fractured MoS2 microflakes in some regions, ascribed to inhomogeneous interactions between MoS2 and the underlying substrate. The results reported here deepen the understanding of the fracture behavior of monolayer single crystalline MoS2, which is also adoptable in other transition metal dichalcogenide materials.
Ultrahigh refractive index sensitivity and tunable polarization switching via infrared plasmonic lattice modes
Authors: Gutha Rithvik R. , Sadeghi Seyed M. , Wing Waylin J.
Published: April 2017

We demonstrate tunable polarization-dependent infrared plasmonic lattice modes in the range of 1 to 1.7 μm in arrays of large gold nanodisks with a rectangle lattice structure. We show that when these arrays are exposed to air, their main mode appears around 1 μm. Under this condition, addition of chemicals leads to significant wavelength shifts in this mode, offering a refractive index sensitivity of about 795 nm/RIU (refractive index unit). Our results show that this process is accompanied by excitation of a sharp peak associated with an infrared lattice mode at about 1.62 μm, suggesting an abrupt refractive-index switching of the collective modes of the arrays. By depositing ultrathin layers of Si, we show that the wavelength of the 1 μm mode can be shifted, covering the whole telecom band ranges. We demonstrate that this can lead to tunable narrow- and wide-band polarization switching of the collective modes of the arrays within this range with a high extinction ratio.
Difference of near-interface strain in SiO2 between thermal oxides grown on 4H-SiC by dry-O2 oxidation and H2O oxidation characterized by infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hirai Hirohisa , Kita Koji
Published: April 2017

Structural difference of near-interface oxides at thermally grown SiO2/4H-SiC interfaces between dry-O2 oxidation and H2O oxidation was investigated using infrared spectroscopy for both on Si- and C-faces. We found that H2O oxidation results in a significant reduction of the intrinsic strain of SiO2 in the near-interface region compared to dry-O2 oxidation, while such strain was not affected by the change of oxidation temperature and O2 partial pressure in the case of dry-O2 oxidation. The peak broadness observed in the near-interface region was also smaller for H2O oxidation than for dry-O2 oxidation, which indicated a formation of an oxide with more uniformity in microscopic structures. A strong correlation between the strain of near-interface oxides and the formation of near-interface oxide traps was suggested from the clear difference of the characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors fabricated with different oxidants.
Green small hydropower in China: Practices and drivers
Authors: Cui Zhenhua , Xu Jincai
Published: April 2017

After more than one hundred years of development, the small hydropower (SHP) development rate of China has reached 58% with limited potential for hydropower exploitation in many provinces. In addition to the challenges of safety, efficiency, and social benefit-sharing, the environmental impact has become a tough challenge for the development of SHP in China. Based on successful experiences with green hydropower certification internationally [Bratrich et al., River Res. Appl. 20(7), 865–882 (2004); Low Impact Hydropower Certification Program (Low impact Hydropower Institute, New Jersey, USA, 1999); and Hydropower Sustainability Assessment Protocol (IHA, London, UK, 2010)], Green Small Hydropower [Yu et al., Water Power 33(7), 1–4 (2007)] (GSHP) certification has been proposed in China. The goal is to find the balance between river conservation and renewable energy production. With the introduction of the status quo and challenges of the development of SHP in China, practices of GSHP in China have been summarized, covering the transformation of development philosophy, GSHP assessment, policy improvement, and technical progress. Furthermore, this paper illustrates the major drivers of GSHP, which include the increasing awareness of environmental protection, change of supply and demand balance, and weak regulatory framework. Finally, this paper points out the priorities and suggestions for future work.
Effects of thermal budget in n-type bifacial solar cell fabrication processes on effective lifetime of crystalline silicon
Authors: Tachibana Tomihisa , Nakamura Kyotaro , Ogura Atsushi , Ohshita Yoshio , Shimoda Takafumi , Masada Isao , Nishijima Eiichi
Published: April 2017

The effects of residual C on cell properties are investigated from the view point of thermal budget in the n-type bifacial cell processes. Implied Voc obtained from wafers with same Oi concentration depend on the thermal budgets decreases as the Cs concentration increases. The Voc values vary depending on the wafer with different growth cooling rate. To analyze the effect of thermal budget correspond to solar cell fabrication process, CZ wafers with almost the same Oi concentrations are prepared. One of the wafers with relatively high residual Cs concentration shows the longer lifetime than the initial value after the 950 oC annealing step. On the other hand, the lifetime of a wafer with relatively low Cs concentration dramatically decreased by the same process due to the O segregation. These results suggest that it is important to choose appropriate wafer specification, starting with feedstock material, for increasing the solar cell efficiency.
Balance of microtubule stiffness and cortical tension determines the size of blood cells with marginal band across species
Authors: Dmitrieff Serge , Alsina Adolfo , Mathur Aastha , Nédélec François J.
Published: April 2017

Significance

The discoidal shape of many blood cells is essential to their proper function within the organism. For blood platelets and other cells, this shape is maintained by the marginal band, which is a closed ring of filaments called microtubules. This ring is elastic and pushes on the cell cortex, a tense polymer scaffold associated with the plasma membrane. Dmitrieff et al. examined how the mechanical balance between these two components determine cell size, uncovering a scaling law that is observed in data collected from 25 species. The analysis also indicated that the cell can resist much higher mechanical challenges than the microtubule ring alone, in the same way as a tent with its cloth is stronger than the poles alone.
Determining the factors driving selective effects of new nonsynonymous mutations
Authors: Huber Christian D. , Kim Bernard Y. , Marsden Clare D. , Lohmueller Kirk E.
Published: April 2017

Significance

Our study addresses two fundamental questions regarding the effect of random mutations on fitness: First, do fitness effects differ between species when controlling for demographic effects? Second, what are the responsible biological factors? We show that amino acid-changing mutations in humans are, on average, more deleterious than mutations in
Drosophila
. We demonstrate that the only theoretical model that is fully consistent with our results is Fisher’s geometrical model. This result indicates that species complexity, as well as distance of the population to the fitness optimum, modulated by long-term population size, are the key drivers of the fitness effects of new amino acid mutations. Other factors, like protein stability and mutational robustness, do not play a dominant role.
Medium-manganese steels processed by austenite-reverted-transformation annealing for automotive applications
Authors: Ma Yan
Published: April 2017

In the automotive industry, the current development trend of lightweight and low-emission vehicles requests for high-performance materials. Benefiting from an excellent balance of mechanical properties and production cost, medium-Mn steels have attracted extensive interest by materials scientists. Austenite-reverted-transformation annealing plays a vital role in stabilisation of retained austenite and grain refinement, resulting in a considerable amount of retained austenite. Localised deformation phenomenon is usually observed in the ultrafine-grained medium-Mn steels owing to the absence of strain hardening. The occurrence of transformation-induced-plasticity and/or twinning-induced-plasticity effect in austenite improves strain hardening effectively. In the current review, austenite-reverted-transformation annealing treatment routine, mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms and effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of medium-Mn steels are summarised.

This review was submitted as part of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged
Fatigue behaviour of notched U75V-steel treated by bearing ultrasonic peening
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Peng Zhigang , Liu Yu
Published: April 2017

The notched U75V steel specimen was treated by a special way called bearing ultrasonic peening on the base of traditional ultrasonic peening. The bearing ultrasonic peening means that ultrasonic peening was applied after fatigue static load was imposed. Severe plastic deformation and work hardened layer were produced in the notched surface. The effect of compressive residual stress induced by ultrasonic peening treatment on fatigue properties was deeply analysed. Results showed that the depth of work hardened layer is around 90 μm and the hardness value of the treated surface is about 1.7 times of base material. Fatigue strength corresponding to 107 cycles of as-notched specimens treated by traditional ultrasonic peening and bearing ultrasonic peening was improved by 71.9 and 81.8%, respectively. The lasting high compressive residual stress during fatigue tests is the main reason of fatigue life improvement for as-notched specimens treated by bearing ultrasonic peening.
Beyond sustainability: hope in a spiritual revolution?
Authors: Bathurst Rachel
Published: April 2017

A multi-disciplinary discourse on post-sustainability requires the entry of theology as a crucial element because, in presupposing a creator God who created the universe, it allows exploration of humanity's condition in relation to the natural environment in the context of a transcendent yet present divine otherness, a perspective unique to theology. This article draws on relevant theological literature to offer an emerging theology on sustainability and a fresh perspective for debate. It specifically addresses sustainability as perceived by the United Nations and accepted by governments in which global capitalism goes unchallenged and questions the plausibility of such an approach from a theological perspective. It does this by exploring the human condition shaped by the capitalist system, especially desire and the pursuit of freedom and how this interacts with the natural environment and compares this with God's purposes for humanity, nature and the world as his creation. An argument emerges in this paper which suggests that theology can offer the tools of hope in the shape of spiritual transformation and in the face of a failing illusory concept of sustainability.
The number of ramified primes in number fields of small degree
Authors: Lemke Oliver Robert , Thorne Frank
Published: April 2017

In this paper we investigate the distribution of the number of primes which ramify in number fields of degree

d
≤
5

d \leq 5

. In analogy with the classical Erdős-Kac theorem, we prove for

S
d

S_d

-extensions that the number of such primes is normally distributed with mean and variance

log
⁡
log
⁡
X

\log \log X

.
Sums of Fourier coefficients of cusp forms of level 𝐷 twisted by exponential functions over arithmetic progressions
Authors: Liu Huan , Zhang Meng
Published: April 2017

Letggbe a holomorphic Hecke newform of levelDDandλg(n)\lambda _{g}(n)be itsnn-th Fourier coefficient. We prove that the sum<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="script upper S Subscript upper D Baseline left-parenthesis upper N comma alpha comma beta comma upper X right-parenthesis equals sigma-summation Underscript StartLayout 1st Row upper X greater-than n less-than-or-equal-to 2 upper X 2nd Row n identical-to l reverse-solidus textrm left-brace mod right-brace upper N EndLayout Endscripts lamda Subscript g Baseline left-parenthesis n right-parenthesis e left-parenthesis alpha n Superscript beta Baseline right-parenthesis">SD(N,α,β,X)=∑X>n≤2Xn≡l\textrm {mod}Nλg(n)e(αnβ)\mathcal {S}_{D}(N,\alpha , \beta ,X)=\sum _{\substack {X>n\leq 2X\\ n\equiv l \,\text {\textrm {mod}} N}}\lambda _{g}(n)e(\alpha n^\beta )has an asymptotic formula for the case ofβ=1/2\beta =1/2,α\alphaclose to±2q/c2D2\pm 2\sqrt {q/c^2D_2}, wherell,qq,cc,D2D_2are positive integers satisfying(l,N)=1(l,N)=1,c|Nc|N,D2=D/(c,D)D_2=D/(c, D)andXXis sufficiently large. We obtain upper bounds ofSD(N,α,β,X)\mathcal {S}_{D}(N,\alpha , \beta ,X)for the case of0>β>10>\beta >1andα∈R\alpha \in \mathbb {R}.
Note on asymptotically conical expanding Ricci solitons
Authors: Lott John , Wilson Patrick
Published: April 2017

We show that at the level of formal expansions, any compact Riemannian manifold is the sphere at infinity of an asymptotically conical gradient expanding Ricci soliton.
On the strong Lefschetz problem for uniform powers of general linear forms in 𝑘[𝑥,𝑦,𝑧]
Authors: Migliore Juan , Miró-Roig Rosa
Published: April 2017

Schenck and Seceleanu proved that if

R
=
k
[
x
,
y
,
z
]

R = k[x,y,z]

, where

k
k

is an infinite field and

I
I

is an ideal generated by any collection of powers of linear forms, then multiplication by a general linear form

L
L

induces a homomorphism of maximal rank from any component of

R

/

I

R/I

to the next. That is,

R

/

I

R/I

has the weak Lefschetz property. Considering the more general strong Lefschetz problem of when

×

L
j

\times L^j

has maximal rank for

j
≥
2

j \geq 2

, we give the first systematic study of this problem. We assume that the linear forms are general and that the powers are all the same, i.e. that

I
I

is generated by uniform powers of general linear forms. We prove that for any number of such generators,

×

L
2

\times L^2

always has maximal rank. We then specialize to almost complete intersections, i.e. to four generators, and we show that for

j
=
3
,
4
,
5

j = 3,4,5

the behavior depends on the uniform exponent and on

j
j

in a way that we make precise. In particular, there is always at most one degree where

×

L
j

\times L^j

fails maximal rank. Finally, we note that experimentally all higher powers of

L
L

fail maximal rank in at least two degrees.
Simultaneously preperiodic points for families of polynomials in normal form
Authors: Ghioca Dragos , Hsia Liang-Chung , Nguyen Khoa
Published: April 2017

Letd>m>1d>m>1be integers, letc1,…,cm+1c_1,\dots , c_{m+1}be distinct complex numbers, and letf(z):=zd+t1zm−1+t2zm−2+⋯+tm−1z+tm\mathbf {f}(z):=z^d+t_1z^{m-1}+t_2z^{m-2}+\cdots + t_{m-1}z+t_mbe anmm-parameter family of polynomials. We prove that the set ofmm-tuples of parameters(t1,…,tm)∈Cm(t_1,\dots , t_m)\in \mathbb {C}^mwith the property that eachcic_i(fori=1,…,m+1i=1,\dots , m+1) is preperiodic under the action of the corresponding polynomialf(z)\mathbf {f}(z)is contained in finitely many hypersurfaces of the parameter spaceAm\mathbb {A}^m.
Physiological Phenotyping for Personalized Therapy of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Africa
Authors: Akintunde Adeseye , Nondi Justus , Gogo Kennedy , Jones Erika S W , Rayner Brian L , Hackam Daniel G , Spence J David
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES

African and African American hypertensives tend to retain salt and water, with lower levels of plasma renin and more resistant hypertension. We tested the hypothesis that physiological phenotyping with plasma renin and aldosterone would improve blood pressure control in uncontrolled hypertensives in Africa.

METHODS

Patients at hypertension clinics in Nigeria, Kenya, and South Africa with a systolic blood pressure >140 mm Hg or diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg despite treatment were allocated to usual care (UC) vs. physiologically individualized care (PhysRx). Plasma renin activity and aldosterone were measured using ELISA kits. Patients were followed for 1 year; the primary outcome was the percentage of patients achieving blood pressure <140 mm Hg and diastolic <90 mm Hg.

RESULTS

Results are presented for the 94/105 participants who completed the study (42 UC, 52 PhysRx). Control of both systolic and diastolic pressures was obtained in 11.1% of UC vs. 50.0% of PhysRx (P = 0.0001). Systolic control was achieved in 13.9% of UC vs. 60.3% of PhysRx (P = 0.0001); diastolic control in 36.1% of UC vs. 67.2% of PhysRx, vs. (P = 0.003). Number of visits and total number of medications were not significantly different between treatment groups, but there were differences across the sites. There were important differences in prescription of amiloride as specified in the PhysRx algorithm.

CONCLUSIONS

Physiologically individualized therapy based on renin/aldosterone phenotyping significantly improved blood pressure control in a sample of African patients with uncontrolled hypertension. This approach should be tested in African American and other patients with resistant hypertension.

Registered as ISRCTN69440037
Fractional flow reserve and pressure-bounded coronary flow reserve to predict outcomes in coronary artery disease
Authors: Ahn Jung-Min , Zimmermann Frederik M. , Johnson Nils P. , Shin Eun-Seok , Koo Bon-Kwon , Lee Pil Hyung , Park Duk-Woo , Kang Soo-Jin , Lee Seung-Whan , Kim Young-Hak , Lee Cheol Whan , Park Seong-Wook , Pijls Nico H.J. , Park Seung-Jung
Published: April 2017

Aims

Fractional flow reserve (FFR) has proven to its prognostic and therapeutic value. However, the additive prognostic value of coronary flow reserve (CFR) remains unclear. This study sought to investigate the clinical utility of combined FFR and CFR measurements to predict outcomes.

Methods and results

Using the prospective, multicentre Interventional Cardiology Research Incooperation Society–FFR registry, a total of 2088 lesions from 1837 patients were included in this substudy. Based on baseline and hyperaemic pressure gradients, we computed physiologic limits of CFR [the so called pressure-bounded (pb) CFR] and classified lesions as low (<2) or high (≥2). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE, a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) analysed on a per-patient basis. During a median follow-up of 1.9 years (inter-quartile range: 1.0–3.0 years), MACE occurred in 5.7% of patients with FFR ≤0.80 vs. 2.8% of patients with FFR >0.80 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–3.89; P = 0.011. In contrast, the incidence of MACE did not differ between patients with pb-CFR < 2 vs. pb-CFR ≥ 2 (4.2% vs. 4.2%; aHR: 0.98, CI: 0.60 to 1.58; P = 0.92). Incorporation of FFR significantly improved model prediction of MACE (global χ2 38.8–48.1, P = 0.002). However, pb-CFR demonstrated no incremental utility to classify outcomes (global χ2 48.1–48.2, P > 0.99).

Conclusions

In this large, prospective registry of over 2000 coronary lesions, FFR was strongly associated with clinical outcomes. In contrast, a significant association between pb-CFR and clinical events could not be determined and adding knowledge of pb-CFR did not improve prognostication over FFR alone.
Long-term survival of the mouse ES cell-derived mast cell, MEDMC-BRC6, in mast cell-deficient Kit
W-sh/W-sh mice
Authors: Shibagaki Shohei , Tahara-Hanaoka Satoko , Hiroyama Takashi , Nakamura Yukio , Shibuya Akira
Published: April 2017

Mast cells (MCs) play pivotal roles in allergic reactions and the host defense against microbial infection through the IgE-dependent and IgE-independent signaling pathways. MC lines that can be analyzed both in vitro and in vivo would be useful for the study of MC-dependent immune responses. Here, we investigated the functional characteristics of a mouse embryonic stem cell-derived MC-like cell line, MEDMC-BRC6. The cell line expressed FcεRI and c-Kit and showed degranulation and production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, upon cross-linking FcεRI with IgE. These cytokines and chemokines were also produced by the cell line by stimulation of TLR2 and TLR4. MEDMC-BRC6 survived in the peritoneal cavity and the ear skin for at least 6 months after the transfer into genetically compatible MC-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice, in which systemic anaphylaxis was successfully induced. Thus, MEDMC-BRC6 cells represent a potent tool for investigating the functions of MCs in vitro and in vivo.
Electronic clinical quality measure reporting challenges: findings from the Medicare EHR Incentive Program’s Controlling High Blood Pressure Measure
Authors: Heisey-Grove Dawn M , Wall Hilary K , Wright Janet S
Published: April 2017

Objective

To identify physician and practice characteristics associated with high clinical and technical performance on the electronic clinical quality measure (eCQM) that calculates the proportion of patients with hypertension who have controlled blood pressure.

Materials and Methods

The study included 268 602 physicians participating in the Medicare Electronic Health Record Incentive Program between 2011 and 2014. Independent variables included delivery reform participation and physician, practice level, and area characteristics. Successful technical performance was a reported eCQM with non-zero values in both the numerator and denominator. Successful clinical performance was a reported eCQM value of ≥70% hypertension control.

Results

Physicians with longer experience using certified health information technology, participants in delivery reform programs, and specialists that traditionally manage hypertension were 5%–15% more likely to achieve 70% control. Physicians in smaller and rural practices and a subset of physicians unlikely to primarily manage hypertension were more likely to submit measures with a zero value in either the numerator or denominator.

Discussion

More physicians are using eCQMs to track and report their quality improvement efforts. This research presents the first examination of national eCQM data to identify physician and practice-level characteristics associated with performance.

Conclusion

With careful selection of measures relevant to the clinician’s specialty, complete data entry, and support for continuous quality improvement, health care professionals can excel technically and clinically. As care delivery transitions from fee-for-service to quality- and value-based models, high performers may realize financial gains and better patient outcomes. These analyses suggest patterns that may inform steps to improve performance.
The average structural evolution of massive galaxies can be reliably estimated using cumulative galaxy number densities
Authors: Clauwens Bart , Hill Allison , Franx Marijn , Schaye Joop
Published: April 2017

Galaxy evolution can be studied observationally by linking progenitor and descendant galaxies through an evolving cumulative number density (CND) selection. This procedure can reproduce the expected evolution of the median stellar mass from abundance matching. However, models predict an increasing scatter in main progenitor masses at higher redshifts, which makes galaxy selection at the median mass unrepresentative. Consequently, there is no guarantee that the evolution of other galaxy properties deduced from this selection is reliable. Despite this concern, we show that this procedure approximately reproduces the evolution of the average stellar density profile of main progenitors of M ≈ 1011.5M⊙ galaxies, when applied to the EAGLE hydrodynamical simulation. At z ≳ 3.5, the aperture masses disagree by about a factor 2, but this discrepancy disappears when we include the expected scatter in cumulative number densities. The evolution of the average density profile in EAGLE broadly agrees with observations from UltraVISTA and CANDELS, suggesting an inside-out growth history for these massive galaxies over 0 ≲ z ≲ 5. However, for z ≲ 2, the inside-out growth trend is stronger in EAGLE. We conclude that CND matching gives reasonably accurate results when applied to the evolution of the mean density profile of massive galaxies.
Aquatic Exercise for the Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Franco Marcia R. , Morelhão Priscilla K. , de Carvalho Augusto , Pinto Rafael Z.
Published: April 2017

 highlights the findings and application of Cochrane reviews and other evidence pertinent to the practice of physical therapy. The Cochrane library is a respected source of reliable evidence related to health care. Cochrane systematic reviews explore the evidence for and against the effectiveness and appropriateness of interventions—medications, surgery, education, nutrition, exercise—and the evidence for and against the use of diagnostic tests for specific conditions. Cochrane reviews are designed to facilitate the decisions of clinicians, patients, and others in health care by providing a careful review and interpretation of research studies published in the scientific literature. Each article in this PTJ series summarizes a Cochrane review or other scientific evidence on a single topic and presents clinical scenarios based on real patients or programs to illustrate how the results of the review can be used to directly inform clinical decisions. This article focuses on an older adult with severe knee joint pain. Can aquatic exercise help this patient with knee osteoarthritis?
Root-Knot Nematode Parasitism Suppresses Host RNA Silencing
Authors: Walsh E. , Elmore J. M. , Taylor C. G.
Published: April 2017

Root-knot nematodes damage crops around the world by developing complex feeding sites from normal root cells of their hosts. The ability to initiate and maintain this feeding site (composed of individual “giant cells”) is essential to their parasitism process. RNA silencing pathways in plants serve a diverse set of functions, from directing growth and development to defending against invading pathogens. Influencing a host’s RNA silencing pathways as a pathogenicity strategy has been well-documented for viral plant pathogens, but recently, it has become clear that silencing pathways also play an important role in other plant pathosystems. To determine if RNA silencing pathways play a role in nematode parasitism, we tested the susceptibility of plants that express a viral suppressor of RNA silencing. We observed an increase in susceptibility to nematode parasitism in plants expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Results from studies utilizing a silenced reporter gene suggest that active suppression of RNA silencing pathways may be occurring during nematode parasitism. With these studies, we provide further evidence to the growing body of plant-biotic interaction research that suppression of RNA silencing is important in the successful interaction between a plant-parasitic animal and its host.
Pediatric portal hypertension
Authors: Vogel Clarissa Barbon
Published: April 2017

Pediatric portal hypertension management is a team approach between the patient, the patient's family, the primary caregiver, and specialty providers. Evidence-based practice guidelines have not been established in pediatrics. This article serves as a review for the primary care NP in the management of pediatric portal hypertension, discussing the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of pediatric portal hypertension, diagnostic tests, and treatment and management options.
Managing acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections
Authors: Bell Allison M. , King S. Travis , Barber Katie E. , Adcock Kim G. , Wagner Jamie L. , Stover Kayla R.
Published: April 2017

Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) are some of the most commonly encountered infections worldwide. Hospitalizations as a result of ABSSSI are associated with high mortality. This article discusses the role of oritavancin and dalbavancin, two new lipoglycopeptides, in the context of the other I.V. available standard therapy options.
Six- and Twelve-Month Documented Removal Rates Among Women Electing Postpartum Inpatient Compared to Delayed or Interval Contraceptive Implant Insertions After Medicaid Payment Reform
Authors: Crockett Amy H. , Pickell Lesley Bundon , Heberlein Emily C. , Billings Deborah L. , Mills Benjie
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from Contraception 2017;95:71–76)

The safety and efficacy of inpatient postpartum contraceptive implant and intrauterine device insertions is well established. Use of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) in the postpartum period before discharge from the hospital is feasible and an effective method of birth control to reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.
Vaginal and Laparoscopic Mesh Hysteropexy for Uterovaginal Prolapse: A Parallel Cohort Study
Authors: Gutman Robert E. , Rardin Charles R. , Sokol Eric R. , Matthews Catherine , Park Amy J. , Iglesia Cheryl B. , Geoffrion Roxana , Sokol Andrew I. , Karram Mickey , Cundiff Geoffrey W. , Blomquist Joan L. , Barber Matthew D.
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:38.e1–38.e11)

A hysterectomy is often performed in women undergoing prolapse repair surgery even though the uterus is anatomically normal. There is growing interest among women in uterine conservation at the time of prolapse surgery.
Accurate Quantitation of Mitochondrial DNA Reveals Uniform Levels in Human Blastocysts Irrespective of Ploidy, Age, or Implantation Potential
Authors: Victor Andrea R. , Brake Alan J. , Tyndall Jack C. , Griffin Darren K. , Zouves Christo G. , Barnes Frank L. , Viotti Manuel
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from Fertil Steril 2017;107:34–42)

Changes in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number correlate with several conditions, including aging, myopathies, neuropathies, diabetes, and cancer. Recent studies in human embryos suggested that conditions deviating from the steady state, such as aneuploidy, advanced maternal age, or chemically induced stress, associate with higher mtDNA content.
Early Developmental Outcomes Predicted by Gestational Age From 35 to 41 Weeks
Authors: Dueker Gwenden , Chen Jing , Cowling Candace , Haskin Brian
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from Early Hum Dev 2016;103:85–90)

One third of children are born preterm. Studies have found increases in medical complications and cognitive delay among children born even a few weeks before their due date.
Effect of Maternal Retroplacental Leiomyomas on Fetal Growth
Authors: Knight Jordan C. , Elliott John O. , Amburgey O. Laurie
Published: April 2017

(Abstracted from J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2016;38(12):1100–1104)

Leiomyomas or fibroids are benign tumors that grow from smooth muscle cells and occur most commonly within the uterine wall. The presence of uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy has been associated with fetal growth restriction, malpresentation, cesarean delivery, premature birth, placenta previa, and fetal death, although not all studies support an increased risk of adverse outcomes.