bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemukul Naga PKM
Authors: Putri Afelina Krissinta Rahayu
Published: January 2019

Dalam pembuatan makanan tidak lepas dari penggunaan bahan tambahan pangan kususnya pada bahan pengawet. Bahan pengawet dibedakan menjadi dua yakni alami dan sintesis. Pengawetan alami meliputi penggunaan garam, pengeringan maupun pembekuan. Sedangkan pengawet sintesis meliputi asam benzoat dan esternya (paraben). Namun dipasaran juga sering ditemukan bahan pengawet berupa boraks. Makanan pentol banyak digemari oleh semua lapisan masyarakat di berbagai daerah. Tidak dipungkiri dengan banyaknya orang yang menyukai pentol mengakibatkan banyak pedagang pentol yang nakal menggunakan boraks sebagai campuran bahan pembuatan pentol. Agar pentol tersebut lebih tahan lama ketika tidak laku dijual Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi untuk mendeteksi adanya boraks pada pentol. Sasarannya adalah pedagang pentol di Sekolah Dasar Kota Kediri. Sampel diambil dari setiap pedagang satu buah pentol dipotong menjadi tiga bagian untuk diuji dengan ekstrak kulit buah naga, perasan jeruk nipis dan perpaduan antara ekstrak kulit buah naga dengan perasan jeruk nipis dari beberapa sampel dari pedagang yang berbeda. Sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan uji eksperimen dengan membandingkan pentol yang diuji menggunakan perasan jeruk nipis, pentol yang digunakan ektrak kulit buah naga dan perpaduan antara keduanya untuk membuktikan ada atau tidaknya kandungan boraks pada pentol yang diteliti.
Location-scale matching for approximate quasi-order sampling
Authors: Ünlü Ali , Schrepp Martin
Published: January 2019

Quasi-orders are reflexive and transitive binary relations and have many applications. Examples are the dependencies of mastery among the problems of a psychological test, or methods such as item tree or Boolean analysis that mine for quasi-orders in empirical data. Data mining techniques are typically tested based on simulation studies with unbiased samples of randomly generated quasi-orders. In this paper, we develop techniques for the approximately representative sampling of quasi-orders. Polynomial regression curves are fitted for the mean and standard deviation of quasi-order size as a function of item number. The resulting regression graphs are seen to be quadratic and linear functions, respectively. The extrapolated values for the mean and standard deviation are used to propose two quasi-order sampling techniques. The discrete method matches these location and scale measures with a transformed discrete distribution directly obtained from the sample. The continuous method uses the normal density function with matched expectation and variance. The quasi-orders are constructed according to the biased randomized doubly inductive construction, however they are resampled to become approximately representative following the matched discrete and continuous distributions. In simulations, we investigate the usefulness of these methods. The location-scale matching approach can cope with very large item sets. Close to representative samples of random quasi-orders are constructed for item numbers up to n = 400.
Simultaneous consonance in music perception and composition
Authors: Harrison Peter M. C. , Pearce Marcus Thomas
Published: January 2019

Simultaneous consonance is a salient perceptual phenomenon corresponding to the perceived pleasantness of simultaneously sounding musical tones. Various competing theories of consonance have been proposed over the centuries, but recently a consensus has developed that simultaneous consonance is primarily driven by harmonicity perception. Here we question this view, substantiating our argument by critically reviewing historic consonance research from a broad variety of disciplines, re-analyzing consonance perception data from four previous behavioral studies representing more than 500 participants, and modeling three Western musical corpora representing more than 100,000 compositions. We conclude that simultaneous consonance is a composite phenomenon that derives in large part from three phenomena: interference, periodicity/harmonicity, and cultural familiarity. We formalize this conclusion with a computational model that predicts a musical chord’s simultaneous consonance from these three features, and release this model in an open-source R package, incon, alongside 15 other computational models also evaluated in this paper. We hope that this package will facilitate further psychological and musicological research into simultaneous consonance.
Eye behavior predicts susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition
Authors: Annerer-Walcher Sonja , Körner Christof , Beaty Roger , Benedek Mathias
Published: January 2019

When we engage in internally directed cognition (e.g. planning or imagination), our eye behavior decouples from external stimuli and couples to internal representations (e.g. internal visualizations of ideas). Here, we investigated whether eye behavior predicts the susceptibility to visual distraction during internally directed cognition. To this end, participants performed a divergent thinking task — which required internally directed cognition to generate creative ideas—while being confronted with distractor pictures. We used multi-level mixed models to relate eye parameters right before distractor onset to visual distraction. In Study 1 (N = 38), visual distraction was predicted by increased saccade and blink rate, and higher pupil dilation. We replicated these findings in Study 2 using the same task but with less predictable distractor onsets and a larger sample (N = 144). The large sample further enabled us to explore how individual differences in the susceptibility to visual distraction relate to cognitive ability and task performance. Taken together, variation in eye behavior was found to be a consistent predictor of visual distraction during internally directed cognition, which highlights the usefulness of eye parameters as indicators of internal vs. external attentional focus and distractibility during complex mental tasks.
Birth order does not affect ability to detect kin
Authors: Fasolt Vanessa , Holzleitner Iris Jasmin , O'Shea Kieran J. , Lee Anthony J , DeBruine Lisa Marie
Published: January 2019

Previous studies suggest that birth order affects kinship detection ability. Kaminski et al. (2010) argued that firstborns use contextual cues (e.g. maternal perinatal association) to assess kinship in their own family, leading to a disadvantage in assessing kinship from facial cues alone in strangers. In contrast, laterborns do not have the contextual cue of maternal perinatal association and hence rely more on facial cues, leading to an advantage in detecting kin from facial cues alone. However, Alvergne et al. (2010) found no evidence in support of such a birthorder effect. The current study aimed to replicate previous studies with better suited methods to determine the effect of birth order on kin recognition. 109 raters viewed 132 pairs of photographs of children (aged 3-17 years), and indicated whether each pair was related or unrelated. Half of the pairs were sibling pairs and half were unrelated child pairs that were age- and gender- matched to the related pairs. No image was shown more than once, related pairs were not known to be related to any other image in the study, and individuals from unrelated pairs were not known to be related to any other image. We used binomial logistic mixed effects modelling to predict kinship judgments from relatedness and birth order (with image pair and rater as random factors). Relatedness was the main factor driving kinship judgments; related child-pairs were more than twice as likely as unrelated pairs to be judged as kin. Kinship judgment accuracy was unaffected by rater birth order. These findings indicate that laterborns did not have an advantage in detecting child sibling pairs.
A More Perfect Union? Christian Nationalism and Support for Same-Sex Unions
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L , Perry Samuel
Published: January 2019

How do overlapping social identities shape Americans’ views toward contemporary social and moral issues? Drawing upon national-level data and employing the theoretical construct of social identity complexity, we examine the link between Christian nationalism–representing a convergence of national and religious identities–and Americans’ views toward same-sex marriage and civil unions. Multivariate analyses reveal that greater adherence to Christian nationalism is strongly and negatively related to support for both same-sex marriage and civil unions, even after controlling for political ideology, religious controls, attribution of homosexuality, and other relevant correlates. We argue that Christian nationalists, who by definition internalize a high degree of overlap between political and religious identities, are more likely to see gays and lesbians as out-groups and same-sex unions as a threat to their sense of self and community. We conclude by discussing the implications of this study for future research on political and religious identities and intolerance toward socially marginalized populations.
Gender Ideology and Religion: Does a Masculine Image of God Matter?
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L
Published: January 2019

A number of recent studies explore predictors of gender ideology due to its consistent influence on a range of outcomes. Another growing body of research investigates the effects of images of God on an assortment of attitudes. This study unites these two strands of research to provide an account of the association between religious belief and gender ideology. Using data from a national random survey and multivariate analysis, I examine whether a masculine image of God is significantly associated with a more conservative gender ideology. The results demonstrate that viewing God as a “he” is robustly associated with a more traditional gender ideology.
Religion and Support for Adoption by Same-Sex Couples: The Relative Effects of Religious Tradition, Practices, and Beliefs
Authors: Whitehead Andrew L , Perry Samuel
Published: January 2019

This article examines the relative impact of religious factors on Americans’ attitudes toward adoption by same-sex couples. Drawing upon national survey data, we fit logistic regression models and compute standardized logistic regression coefficients to estimate the relative net effects of religious tradition, practices, and beliefs about the Bible on support for same-sex adoption. Findings reveal that religious factors are among the strongest predictors of opposition to same-sex adoption, but that religious tradition has no significant effect on support for same-sex adoption once frequency of religious practice and beliefs about the Bible are held constant. Americans who more frequently engage in practices such as religious service attendance and sacred text reading are less supportive of same-sex adoption, and compared to biblical literalists, those who believe the Bible requires interpretation, contains human error, or is a book of history/legends are all more likely to support same-sex adoption. Findings suggest that religious affiliations matter less for predicting same-sex adoption attitudes than how Americans practice and hold their faith.
Breast cancer during pregnancy
Authors: Acharya Sandhya C. , Shah Aarati
Published: January 2019

Breast cancer during pregnancy is rare accounting for 1 in around 3000 pregnant women as per the American cancer society. According to hospital-based cancer registry of Nepal, breast cancer accounts for 9.2% of total cancer cases and pregnancy associated breast cancer accounts for 0.15% of the total breast cancer. Though rare, breast cancer is the most common type of cancer found during pregnancy and that too in advanced stage because of the hormonal interplay during pregnancy. Here we present a case of breast cancer during pregnancy which was treated successfully with chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy and is on hormonal treatment. Patient is on regular follow up for the last six years without evidence of recurrence of the disease, and the baby has achieved normal developmental milestones though exposed to chemotherapy in utero.
Mucocele of the appendix: Incidental finding of a rare occurrence
Authors: Malla Ashish B. , Sah Rakesh Kumar
Published: January 2019

Mucocele of the appendix is a rare disease. Clinically, appendeceal mucocele (AM) is an incidental finding or it may mimic appendicitis. In AM, distension of the appendix is caused by mucus, the source of which can be benign or malignant. For the benign disease, appendectomy alone is sufficient but for malignant conditions adjunct treatments are needed. Proper pre-operative evaluation is imperative to distinguish between benign and malignant causes in order to guide the management and reduce complications. For the definitive diagnosis, histology and immunohistochemistry are required. We report an incidental finding of an appendeceal mucocele in a kidney donor during pre-transplant evaluation.
Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Perjanjian Kerja Yang Dibuat Secara Lisan
Authors: Sumardi Fauzi , Mubarak Ridho
Published: January 2019

Juridical Review Of Work Agreements Made Orally

A verbal work agreement is a work relationship that is made without the signing of a work agreement, a verbal work agreement is sufficient with a statement that is mutually agreed upon by both parties and should be witnessed by at least two witnesses. The purpose of this study was to find out how the legal strength of work agreements made verbally and how legal protection for workers whose employment relationships are based on verbal work agreements. The research method used is the library research method, namely by conducting research on various written reading sources, and the Field Research method, which is a juridical review of workers whose work relations are based on verbal work agreements. The purpose of this study is to find out the answers to the problems discussed. The results of the study indicate that the legal strength of the work agreement made orally is not specifically regulated in the Civil Code or in other laws and regulations so that the arrangement of oral agreements only follows the arrangement of work agreements in general
Problemi neformalnih (obiteljskih) njegovatelja u skrbi za osobe s demencijom – kvalitativni pristup
Authors: Tilinger Ana , Štambuk Ana
Published: January 2019

Alzheimer’s disease, as the most common form of dementia, is a progressive, incurable condition that can lead to total dependence on others. The whole family, especially the family member who serves as caregiver of a patient, faces many problems and is in a very difficult situation. By taking over the demanding role of care for the family member, the carer often becomes a “victim of the disease” who needs to find ways to shoulder everything that the disease brings. Studies outside Croatia show that some interventions assist caregivers in their role, such as knowledge of the disease process, knowledge of nutrition and nursing of the affected person, knowledge of caregiver-related stress management, and instructions on how to address the problems associated with the patient’s changed behaviour. In order to gain insight into the problems encountered by informal carers in the care of a member of the family with dementia in Croatia, we examined their experiences. The method used for this qualitative research was a semi-structured interview. The results of this research suggest that informal caregivers are faced with demanding tasks of caring, difficulties in communication with the sick, system-level problems, social isolation and disrupted psychophysical functioning. The work emphasises the importance of educating informal caregivers about different aspects of care with the aim of facilitating a caring role, expertise in working with patients, and informing and sensitising the local community and society about the needs of informal caregivers.
Uloga kreativnih metoda u radu s oboljelima od Alzheimerove demencije
Authors: Vidučić Matea , Rusac Silvia
Published: January 2019

Alzheimerova demencija predstavlja javnozdravstveni problem te je broj oboljelih starijih osoba, sukladno demografskim trendovima, u svakodnevnom porastu. Budući da ne postoji mogućnost izlječenja, značajno je rano prepoznavanje bolesti, odgoda uznapredovalih stadija bolesti, prilagodba svakodnevnog života te održavanje kvalitete života. Uz značajnu farmakološku terapiju važnu ulogu imaju i pristupi s naglaskom na kreativne metode koje usporavaju tijek bolesti, pridonose kontroli simptoma, povećanju samopoštovanja, boljoj komunikaciji te socijalizaciji oboljele starije osobe. U radu je prikazan pregled pojedinih pristupa iz područja kreativne terapije (likovna terapija, muzikoterapija, terapija pokretom i plesom, reminiscencija, biblioterapija), njihovi učinci u radu s osobama oboljelim od Alzheimerove demencije i njihovim skrbnicima te prikaz primjena kreativnih metoda uz pomoć asistivne tehnologije. Kreativne metode prikladne su i za članove obitelji i druge osobe koje skrbe za ovu populaciju. Potrebno je približiti teoriju i praksu te zagovarati i osigurati da pristup skrbi usmjerenoj na osobu ne ostane sveden na teorijske postavke, već da se primijeni u stvarnom životu osoba oboljelih od Alzheimerove demencije.
Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa SMP
Authors: Ansori Yusup , Herdiman Indri
Published: January 2019

Penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian belajar siswa masih rendah. Rendahnya kemandirian belajar disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya kemampuan siswa itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemandirian belajar terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah 27 siswa SMP di Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode korelasi. Penelitian diawali dengan memberikan tes berupa instrumen soal kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan angket yang dapat mengukur kemandirian belajar siswa. Selanjutnya, peneliti melakukan wawancara dengan guru. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa siswa memiliki kemandirian belajar dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang baik. Hal tersebut diperkuat dengan hasil uji korelasi 0,808. Angka tersebut menunjukkan pengaruh yang sangat kuat.

Kata Kunci: kemandirian belajar, kemampuan pemecahan masalah.

                                                                                                                                                                           

ABSTRACT                            

Most studies examine that the student’s independent learning is still low. This is caused by several factors. One of them is the ability of the students themselves. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of students’ learning independence to mathematical problem solving ability. The population of this research is 27 Junior High School students in Cianjur. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. The study begins with having the students to do the problem-solving test and fill in the student learning independence questionnaire. The data and information were also collected by interviewing teachers. The results indicate that the students have good self-regulated learning and problem solving ability. It is reinforced with test results correlation 0.808. It means that there is a very strong influence.

Keywords: self-regulated learning, problem solving ability.
Identifikasi Kemampuan Metakognisi Siswa SD dalam Pemecahan Masalah Berdasarkan Disposisi Matematis
Authors: Aini Qurrotul
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan metakognisi siswa SD dalam pemecahan masalah berdasarkan disposisi matematis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksploratif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 siswa kelas V yang masing-masing memiliki disposisi matematis rendah, disposisi matematis sedang, dan disposisi matematis tinggi. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah angket/kuisioner, Tes Kemampuan Metakognisi (TKM), pedoman wawancara, dan lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Milles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Uji keabsahan data menggunakan trianggulasi teknik yaitu dengan cara mengambil data yang sama dengan teknik yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa subjek dengan disposisi matematis rendah kurang mampu merencanakan, memonitor, dan mengevaluasi. Subjek dengan disposisi matematis sedang mampu merencanakan, memonitor, dan mengevaluasi. Subjek dengan disposisi matematis tinggi sangat mampu merencanakan, memonitor, dan mengevaluasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah tingkan disposisi matematis siswa mempengaruhi kemampuan metakognisi siswa SD dalam pemecahan masalah.

Kata kunci: metakognisi, pemecahan masalah, disposisi matematis.

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to identify the metacognition abilities of elementary school students in problem solving based on mathematical dispositions. This research is a qualitative research with an explorative approach. The subjects in this study were 3 students from 5th grade with a low, medium, and high mathematical disposition. Questionnaire, Metacognition Ability Test (MAT), interview guidelines, and observation sheets are used in this study to get the data. Data analysis techniques used is the Milles and Huberman models, which are data reduction, data presentation, and conclusions. The data validity is checkec by using technical transcription by taking the same data with different techniques. The results are subject with low mathematical dispositions is not able to plan, monitor, and evaluate. Subject with mathematical dispositions is able to plan, monitor, and evaluate. Subject with high mathematical dispositions is very capable in planning, monitoring, and evaluating. The conclusion of this study is student’s mathematical disposition affects the ability of elementary school students in problem solving.

Keywords: metacognition, problem solving, mathematical dispositions.
Performance Assesment dalam Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematik Siswa SMP
Authors: Santoso Erik , Sunendar Aep
Published: January 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan performance assesment dalam pembelajaran matematika pada model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematik siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Desain penelitian menggunakan the non-equivalent control group design, dengan populasi kelas VII yang berada di SMPN 1, 2, dan 3 Majalengka. Sampel diambil dua kelas untuk dipilih menjadi kelas yang melaksanakan PBM dan kelas yang melaksanakan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan teknik pengumpulan data tes kemampuan pemahaman matematik dan instrumen untuk mengukur kinerja siswa. Pelaksanaan performance assesment dilakukan pada proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Guru mengobservasi siswa sehingga terlihat kinerja siswa dalam belajar matematika. Hasil menunjukan bahwa kinerja siswa meningkat selama pembelajaran dilaksanakan dari mulai pertemuan pertama sampai dengan pertemuan kedelapan. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan pemahaman matematik siswa yang belajar menggunakan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan siswa yang belajar menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional.

Kata kunci: performance assesment, pembelajaran berbasis masalah, kemampuan pemahaman matematik.

 

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to know the increase of performance assessment in mathematics learning on Problem Based Learning (PBL) models and to find out the improvement of student’s mathematical understanding skills between problem based learning class and conventional learning class. The research design uses the non-equivalent control group design. The population is 7th grade students in SMP N 1, 2, and 3 Majalengka. The Samples are two classes which are being selected as PBL and conventional learning. The study uses a quasi-experimental method. The data has been collected using mathematical understanding abilities test and students’ performance instruments. The implementation of performance assessment is carried out in the learning process. The teacher observes students so that students’ performance in learning mathematics can be analyzed. The study shows that student performance assessment increased from the first meeting to the eighth meeting. Furthermore, the improvement of students mathematical understanding ability between problem based learning class and conventional learning class is significantly different.

Keywords: performance assessment, problem based learning, mathematical understanding ability.
Pemahaman Konsep Geometri dan Self Confidence Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika pada Mata Kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro untuk Persiapan Pelaksanaan PPL Di Sekolah
Authors: Asnawati Sri , Dewi Irmawati Liliana Kusuma
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat self confidence mahasiswa, hubungan pemahaman konsep geometri dan self confidence mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro terdapat 8 keterampilan dasar mengajar, salah satunya adalah keterampilan menjelaskan dimana mahasiswa harus dapat mengorganisasikan konsep geometri transformasi dalam tata urutan yang terencana secara sistematis, sehingga mudah dipahami oleh siswa. Perlu adanya self confidence dalam menyampaikan materi khususnya pemahaman konsep geometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada taraf signifikansi 5% diperoleh hubungan yang linier antara pemahaman konsep geometri transformasi dan self confidence mahasiswa calon guru matematika pada mata kuliah Pembelajaran Mikro. Tingkat keeratan hubungan kedua variabel berdasarkan koefisien korelasi berada pada kategori kuat yaitu 0,700. Hubungan kedua variabel tersebut menunjukkan arah positif artinya, peningkatan pemahaman konsep geometri transformasi berbanding lurus dengan self confidence mahasiswa calon guru matematika.

Kata kunci: pemahaman konsep geometri, self confidence, pembelajaran mikro.

 

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the level of self-confidence of students and relationship between understanding the concept of geometry and self-confidence of students in the Micro Learning subject. This research is quantitative research. In the Micro Learning subject there are 8 basic teaching skills, one of them is the skill to explain where students must be able to organize the geometry concept of transformation in a systematic order planned so that it is easily understood by students. Self confidence is needed in delivering the material, especially understanding the concept of geometry. At a significance level of 5% a linear relationship was found between the understanding of the geometry concept of transformation and the self confidence of mathematics teacher candidates in the Micro Learning subject. The relationship between the two variables based on the correlation coefficient is in the strong category, 0.700. The relationship between these two variables shows a positive relation, it means that as the understanding of geometric concept gets better, the self confidence of mathematics teacher candidates get higher.

Keywords: understanding of the concept of geometry, self confidence, micro learning subject.
Pustoš trenutačnog akademskog života i
nadahnuće u Fides et ratio
Authors: Paluch Michał
Published: January 2019

Na temelju analize enciklike Fides et ratio promatramo obilježja trenutačnog akademskog života. U prvom dijelu ovog rada iznosimo glavne probleme suvremene akademske zajednice, a u drugom dijelu predstavljamo glavne odgovore koji su predloženi u Fides et ratio. Zaključno donosimo kratki popis izazova koji su više usmjereni sami na sebe — što se tiče katoličkih institucija. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja uvidjeti koliko nadahnuća za oblikovanje akademskog života možemo, i nakon 20 godina, naći u enciklici Fides et ratio.
Prvi koncili u kršćanstvu i budizmu
Strukturne analogije i povijesne sličnosti
Authors: Petek Nina , Ciglenečki Jan
Published: January 2019

It is well known that the ecumenical councils convening throughout the history of the Church — the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D., the Council of Constantinople in 381 A.D., the Council of Ephesus in 431 A.D. and the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D.— were of great import. It is much less known, however, that centuries before the first Christian councils, a similar process was taking place in ancient India. At the Councils of Rajagrha in 486 B.C., Vaishali in 386 B.C., Pataliputra in 250 B.C., Sri Lanka in 29 B.C. and Kashmir in 72 A.D., Buddhist monks resolved to set forth dogmas, to put them in writing and to draw the line between orthodox and false doctrines. Generally speaking, the first councils, both in the West and in the East, were convened due to the need to preserve original doctrines. In addition, original teachings had to be canonised and systematised. Also, the process of including religious doctrines into imperial politics is characteristic of two royal personages, namely, the Indian king Aśoka and the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great. Both were actively involved in the councils of their day and contributed decisively to the further development and consolidation of both Buddhism and Christianity respectively.
The Rule of Law
Authors: Deinhammer Robert
Published: January 2019

U članku autor govori o važnosti uloge vladavine prava kao ideal političkog morala te opisuje vrline i granice vladavine prava. Središnja je teza da je vladavina prava vrlo važna za moralni legitimitet političkog sustava, kao i za otvoreno društvo, u popperijnskom smislu. Međutim, njegove granice općenito su nalik na granice pozitivnog prava. Konačno, vrline vladavine prava ovise o moralnim vrlinama ljudi i o moralnim kvalitetama pozitivnog prava. U tom smislu, korisnost vladavine prava u konačnici ovisi o prirodnom moralnom pravu i o njegovu ostvarenju u ljudskim zbivanjima.
Obitelj u fokusu najčitanijeg hrvatskog tiska
Authors: Volarić Mršić Ana , Kopanica Filip
Published: January 2019

Obitelj je čuvarica života, ljubavi i kulture jednog naroda, najvećih vrijednosti ljudskog društva. S ciljem otkrivanja sadržaja koji o obitelji objavljuje najčitaniji hrvatski tisak, analizom su obuhvaćeni Večernji list, Jutarnji list i 24 sata od 15. svibnja 2015. do 31. prosinca 2017. godine. Odabrani su oni napisi koji su se bavili temom obitelji, što je bilo istaknuto u naslovu i podnaslovu, kao i u sadržaju. Analiza odabranih napisa sastojala se u tome da se na već pripremljena pitanja analitičke matrice unose odgovori, koji su na kraju prikazani u brojčanom obliku, a odnosili su se na deontološke standarde, kao što je ime autora objavljenih napisa, objektivnost, nepristranost i istinitost, te u procjeni koji je povod i cilj objavljivanja tog napisa (informirati ili nešto drugo), koje se vrijednosti promiču sadržajem objavljenog napisa (tradicionalne ili nešto drugo), te koji se izvori podataka navode u analiziranom napisu. Rezultati su pokazali da hrvatske najčitanije novine o obitelji pišu pretežito radi informiranja, ali i zagovaranja određenih političkih procesa, a udio je senzacionalističkih napisa kada se piše o obitelji 24% ukupnog broja analiziranih napisa. Nadalje, tema o obitelji nije dublje obrađena od stane autora u hrvatskom najčitanijem tisku u 20% analiziranih napisa, a autori se rijetko referiraju na stručnjake iz područja prava, medicine, psihologije ili sociologije u manje od jedan posto analiziranih napisa. Paralelnom usporedbom dobivenih rezultata, u analiziranom periodu najviše je priloga objavio Večernji list (156), zatim Jutarnji list (128) te potom 24 sata (50), što je ukupno 337 priloga o obitelji.
Intraoral Approach Drainage of Submasseteric Abscess in a 14-Month-Old Child
Authors: Mohamad Umbaik Norsyamira Aida , Hafizzi Nik Syahrul , Nik Mohamad Nik Khairani , Ismail Hashimah , Mohamad Irfan
Published: January 2019

Submassteric abscess is a rare head and neck abscess. It may mimic a parotid abscess due to very close anatomical relationship. We present a 14-month-old child presented with fever, poor oral intake, irritability, and left-sided cheek swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the neck showed an abscess formation in left submasseteric space. Intraoral drainage of abscess was successfully performed under general anesthesia. Patient recovered well and was discharged on day three post operatively. Subsequent follow up at one-week post operatively showed no recollection of the abscess.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 02 April’19. Page: 123-125
Nexus of Institutional Quality and Stock Market Development: Long-Run Relationships in Dynamic Heterogeneous Panel
Authors: Meo Muhammad Saeed , Ali Ramzan , Poswal Bilal Aziz , Ali Mubbshar
Published: January 2019

The current study is intended to analyze the relationship between stock market development and institutional quality. The study is based on the evidence of VISTA alliance for the period of 1984 to 2012. The outcomes of the panel ARDL (PMG) revealed that high regulatory quality, government effectiveness and rule of law, positively affect stock market development in the long-run. While political stability and control over corrupt practices have a significantly negative effect on stock market development. This study provides robust evidence that institutional quality plays a critical role in stock market development in any economy. However, governments should motivate employees to work with motivation by giving rewards, so that corrupt practices can be reduced.
The Antecedents of Brand Equity: A Study from Telecommunication Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Hassan Masood
Published: January 2019

In Pakistan, the telecommunication sector after foreign investment has become highly competitive and it has become difficult for this sector to hold existing customers and retain new ones. By providing better brand perceptions, the companies could have a satisfied base of consumers. The population for this study are the customers in the telecommunication sector, and the sample size is 510 throughout five metro cities of Pakistan. After a couple of pilot tests, the questionnaires administered to the respondents through a mall intercept method and 22 malls used for distribution for that in five metro cities that are Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar & Quetta. The developed model explains the effect of branding parameters on brand equity and concludes that if a telecommunication company is anxious to increase brand equity then it should try to build customers' perceived quality so it may lead in the generation of brand equity with higher levels. It is very beneficial for the marketing management who wants to know the essence of its customer’s engagement with the marketing efforts as they know that later it will aid in the company’s high performance. This research is limited to Pakistan but not bound to any country and it can be implemented according to the environment of other countries. Name of brands used for this survey is Mobilink, Ufone, Telenor, Warid, Zong, and PTCL.
Documentation of Rural Poverty Profile and its Correlates in Pakistan. A Sub-District Level Analysis through Consumption Approach
Authors: Alam Muhammad Mehboob
Published: January 2019

Finding magnitude and Identification of factors that are strongly linked with the rural poverty is an important aspect in developing successful strategies intended for poverty. In this study we have also estimated poverty incidence, intensity and severity among the rural households in Athara Hazari (one of four sub district of Jhang, Punjab Province) along with the other demographic , social and socioeconomic factors of households that affect the poverty. The analysis of the study carried out on the basis of primary data and the same was collected through the structured and specifically designed questionnaires and document analysis. Multi-stage random sampling technique was employed to select 1000 household head as respondents from the different villages of study area. This study used poverty line Rs. 2478/- which was calculated by the Planning Commission of Pakistan. According to the survey conducted in 2017, 40.3% are below the Poverty line (15% people are extremely poor). Depth and severity are 34% and 11% respectively. Majority of families were headed by farmer, illiterate and aged persons and also all three measures, headcount index, depth and severity of poverty were worse among these households. Results of the logistic regression suggest that an increase in the landholding, livestock and total assets of the household have considerably decreasing the probability of being poor in the study area.
THE GRANITOID MAGMATISM IN THE TERRITORY OF FROLOVSKAYA MEGADEPRESSION OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors: Tugareva A. V. , Moroz M. L. , Chernova G. A. , Belova E. V
Published: January 2019

The article deals with the granitoid magmatism in the territory of Frolovskaya megadepression. Granite massifs are usually confined to erosion-tectonic ledges of the foundation, located in tectonically active zones, usually with increased heat flux. The  detection of such massifs allows to predict the development of improved reservoirs in the zone of contact with sedimentary cover rocks. The age of granitoids is the Middle-Late Paleozoic. We clarify the boundaries of granitoid massifs and distinguish new massifs based on new information on geology and seismic survey. Also we analyses the connection of temperature, productivity with granitoids and foundation blocks.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF RESERVOIR WATER INTRODUCTION IN THE GAS RESERVOIR ON THE DECLINE OF GAS PRODUCTION
Authors: Baydin I. I. , Kovalenko A. V. , Gumerova N. V. , Kovalenko An. V.
Published: January 2019

The article analyzes the reservoir behavior on the decline of falling production and field stops, shows the indicators of well bushes at one of the fields in Western Siberia, including four production wells and one observation well. The calculations have been performed on a threedimensional geological and technological model, which is adapted to the history of the deposit development taking into account its ground infrastructure.
A CHANGE IN OIL VISCOSITY DURING CRUDE OIL PRODUCTION INFLUENCE ON THE SOLUTIONS OF COUNTER-CURRENT CAPILLARY
Authors: Telegin I. G. , Bocharov O. B.
Published: January 2019

In this article we construct a modification of the model of counter-current capillary imbibition with oil viscosity dependent on dynamic water saturation. This approach corresponds to the approximate modeling of the complex composition of hydrocarbon fluid and taking into account the fact that a change in oil viscosity is recorded in some fields with an increase in the share of water in the extracted liquid at different stages of oil field development. The behavior of solutions under variation of model parameters is studied numerically. It is shown that the leaching of lighter fractions of oil at the first stages of operation as a whole increases the terms of achievement of project indicators. The influence of gravity on capillary washing of hard-to-reach places is analyzed.
Percepciones sociales sobre el mono araña (Ateles geoffroyi) e implicaciones para el emprendimiento de acciones de manejo y conservación en Oaxaca, México
Authors: González Pérez Graciela E. , Ortiz Martínez Teresita de Jesús , Gerritsen Peter R. W. , Ramos Fernández Gabriel
Published: January 2019

Se presentan las percepciones sociales acerca del mono araña por parte de habitantes de once comunidades indígenas de las etnias mixe, zoque, zapoteca, mixteca y chinanteca, del noreste de Oaxaca, sur de México. Dichas percepciones son descritas desde el pensamiento de las mujeres y hombres, además de ser analizadas las implicaciones que estas tienen en la conservación de esta especie en peligro de extinción. Se obtuvieron 84 testimonios y entrevistas de hombres y mujeres, y de acuerdo con los datos recabados, en las cinco etnias las percepciones fueron similares: están ligadas al valor ecológico, al valor de uso, al valor asociado al ecoturismo, al temor y a la indiferencia. La percepción de las mujeres se relaciona con su quehacer cotidiano, y ésta difiere entre las mujeres dedicadas sólo al hogar con las que, además, realizan la recolección de algún recurso alimentario en la montaña. En los hombres se definen tres grupos: los que ven en el mono un blanco de caza secundario; aquellos para quienes representa un valor económico por la venta de crías para diversos fines, y aquellos otros que saben de su valor ecológico en las montañas. El mono araña no juega un papel importante en las actividades de los pobladores y en algunos grupos predomina la apreciación negativa. La situación actual de la especie no es alentadora, y si a esto se suma la percepción negativa de los grupos humanos que habitan cerca de ésta, el riesgo de extinción local se hace latente, por lo que es urgente invertir esfuerzos en su recuperación.
Análisis del impacto de las pequeñas y medianas ciudades en el cambio climático. El caso de Oaxaca, México 2000-2015
Authors: Miguel Velasco Andrés Enrique , López Villanueva Marcelo Andrés , Moreno Avendaño Julita , Pérez Pérez Maribel
Published: January 2019

El propósito del presente artículo es analizar la influencia del desarrollo de las ciudades de Oaxaca en el cambio climático que se manifiesta en las mismas, para ello se analiza el comportamiento de las emisiones de co2 derivadas del desarrollo urbano de las ciudades de Oaxaca (2000-2015), partiendo del supuesto de que el crecimiento urbano tiende a propiciar el aumento del nivel de gases de efecto invernadero, en particular con las emisiones de co2. Se concluye que el cambio climático está aumentando a tasas altas, y que su sustento proviene de las emisiones de las viviendas, los vehículos y de los desechos sólidos. A mayor desarrollo humano existe una mayor emisión de co2 en estas ciudades. Este proceso tiende a afectar el territorio de mayor bioculturalidad de México, en el que habitan 16 grupos étnicos, ligados a la presencia de prácticamente todos los ecosistemas y tipos de vegetación que caracterizan al planeta. Un hallazgo es que la sustentabilidad ambiental de las ciudades puede amortiguar los efectos del cambio climático en las mismas.
Saneamiento descentralizado y reutilización sustentable de las aguas residuales municipales en México
Authors: De Anda Sánchez José
Published: January 2019

A nivel global, 2 400 millones de personas carecen de acceso a servicios básicos de saneamiento, lo cual provoca que más del 80% de las aguas residuales se descarguen en ríos o vayan directo al mar sin ningún tipo de tratamiento. En México, el saneamiento de las aguas residuales municipales alcanzó el 52.72% en el año 2015, cifra que se encuentra por debajo de otros países de América Latina y el Caribe, en donde Argentina y Chile superan el 80% de cobertura del servicio. En 2013, México tenía un total de 2 287 Plantas de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales (ptar), de las cuales 548 (23.96%) estaban fuera de operación por ser obsoletas o porque los gobiernos municipales no tienen los recursos para ponerlas en operación. Jalisco, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Chiapas, Tabasco y Campeche son algunos de los estados con más del 50% de sus plantas de tratamiento fuera de operación en el país. Las razones por las cuales los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas residuales convencionales no están teniendo éxito en los países en desarrollo son las altas inversiones que se requieren para su instalación, los elevados consumos de energía, así como los altos costos de mantenimiento y operación. Por lo tanto, este tipo de sistemas de tratamiento de aguas no son sostenibles para comunidades de bajo nivel de ingresos, porque en el proceso de selección de los mismos no se consideró la conveniencia de la tecnología para la cultura de la comunidad, el clima local y la capacidad económica del municipio. Nuevas tecnologías basadas en procesos naturales de depuración de las aguas sanitarias y la reutilización de las mismas pueden ofrecer una perspectiva sustentable para el saneamiento de las aguas residuales en diversas comunidades y sectores económicos del país.
Gobernando la complejidad costera
Authors: Rivera-Arriaga Evelia
Published: January 2019

Este libro presenta una excelente colección de casos de estudio sobre gobernanza en catorce países (Sudáfrica, Canadá, México, Indonesia, Japón, Francia, Brasil, Tailandia, Islas Salomón, República Dominicana, Jamaica, Vietnam e India), en los que los habitantes costeros deben decidir la mejor forma de manejar los recursos que son propiedad de la comunidad. La dependencia de los asentamientos costeros —hacia los ecosistemas y recursos en un clima cambiante— es el mayor reto al que se enfrentan los pobladores de la costa. Esta obra analiza las condiciones que imperan sobre los sistemas socioambientales que emergen, transitan y se construyen en cada uno de los casos analizados.
Co-manejo pesquero e innovación social: el caso de la pesquería de erizo rojo (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus) en Baja California
Authors: Delgado Ramírez Claudia E. , Soto Aguirre Enrique
Published: January 2019

La pesca ribereña es una actividad compleja por los múltiples actores sociales que en ella confluyen y por los factores que la mantienen en una condición de incertidumbre. Sin embargo, cada vez se documentan más casos en los que la puesta en marcha de diversos procesos de innovación social, tales como los organizativos y los institucionales, contribuyen con el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de manejo pesquero. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos centrales: a) visibilizar y constatar la importancia de los procesos de innovación social, generados desde abajo (bottom-up), a partir del conocimiento ecológico tradicional de pescadores y buzos, y b) contribuir al análisis de estos procesos desde un marco teórico-analítico que pone énfasis en la dimensión social y cultural del manejo pesquero. El análisis se desarrolló desde la perspectiva de Sistema social-ecológico y la innovación social, enfatizando la dimensión cultural desde una metodología cualitativa y específicamente desde el método etnográfico. Se encontró que el conocimiento ecológico tradicional pesquero y el desarrollo institucional consuetudinario, tienen un peso fundamental en la creación, consolidación y replicación de un sistema de innovación social (el trasplante de erizo) en la pesquería comercial del erizo rojo. Este análisis es relevante porque enfatiza el aporte que los pescadores y buzos organizados tienen en el manejo de sus pesquerías. Se concluye que este proceso de innovación social desde los pescadores y buzos, contribuye a la sustentabilidad pesquera regional.
Campesinos maiceros en Tlaxcala: viabilidad, caracterización y respuestas ante el maíz transgénico
Authors: Noriero Escalante Lucio , Massieu Trigo Yolanda Cristina
Published: January 2019

Se exponen resultados de investigación sobre los campesinos maiceros de Tlaxcala. El objetivo fue situar las características campesinas de estos productores en el marco de la discusión teórica sobre la nueva cuestión agraria y relacionarlas con los efectos sociales de una posible liberación comercial de maíz transgénico. En Tlaxcala se aprobó en 2011 una ley de protección de los maíces nativos, que prohíbe la siembra comercial de maíz transgénico, promovida por una legisladora, diversos actores sociales y el Grupo Vicente Guerrero (gvg), que ha hecho labor de conservación de los maíces nativos. La ley no se aplica por no estar aprobado el reglamento, pero es un precedente y el gvg, con otros actores sociales, presionan para la aprobación faltante. Se parte de una breve reflexión sobre la vigencia del campesinado, y se exponen hallazgos que fundamentan por qué no favorece a los productores de Tlaxcala la liberación de la siembra comercial de maíz transgénico, en relación con sus características campesinas.