bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de residuos mineros en la producción de hormigones asfálticos
Authors: Medina García L. , Betancourt S. , Rodríguez E , Martins Ribeiro L.F. , Muniz de Farias M.
Published: July 2023

Los residuos mineros constituyen un serio problema ambiental en todos los países donde se realice explotación minera. Teniendo en cuenta la gran cantidad de residuos mineros procedentes de la explotación y procesamiento de las lateritas niquelíferas en Cuba, el trabajo toma como hipótesis que, si demuestra la posibilidad real de emplear dichos residuos como sustituto parcial de los áridos en la producción de hormigón asfáltico, se pudiera disminuir el impacto ambiental negativo que provocan los mismos en los lugares donde se encuentran depositados. El objetivo del trabajo es demostrar la aptitud de los residuos mineros procedentes de presas de los procesos de beneficio de níquel y cobalto en los municipios de Moa y Nicaro, en la provincia de Holguín, Cuba. Tales residuos proceden de procesos de Lixiviación Carbonato Amoniacal y Lixiviación Ácida Presurizada. La metodología de investigación partió de la toma de muestras representativas en las presas de residuos, su posterior caracterización física, química y mineralógica, se realizó la caracterización de los áridos y cemento asfáltico utilizados en las mezclas objeto de estudio. Se realizó el diseño de las mezclas de hormigón asfáltico mediante el método Marshall. Posteriormente se hizo un análisis comparativo del comportamiento de los hormigones asfálticos realizados con fíller calizo y fíller de los residuos mineros investigados. Se demostró, a partir de ensayos de laboratorio, que es posible la fabricación de hormigones asfálticos con el empleo de residuos mineros del procesamiento de las lateritas niquelíferas de Moa y Nicaro, cumpliendo satisfactoriamente con los parámetros técnicos exigidos.
Seismic vulnerability in essential buildings through analytical fragility curves
Authors: Sáenz Azorsa Uver Hernán , Santana R.
Published: July 2023

This article presents a methodology to assess the seismic vulnerability of essential buildings through analytical fragility curves, applied to the administrative building of the Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, for various damage states and different levels of seismic demand according to ATC-40 and SEAOC -VISION 2000. It is shown that the fragility curves through the probability of damage matrices allow us to reasonably estimate the probable state of the building after a seismic event, which in the case of the building under analysis shows that it is more vulnerable in the North-South direction (Y axis).
Localização e especialização da produção extrativista dos produtos madeireiros nas regiões imediatas de Pernambuco
Authors: Coelho Junior Luiz Moreira , Burgos João Vitor de Castro , Santos Júnior Edvaldo Pereira , Diniz Felipe Firmino , Martins Joice Machado , Maurício Clarisse Freire Barboza , Gehrke Camila Seibel , Gomes Flávio da Silva Vitorino
Published: July 2023

Este artigo analisou o padrão de especialização e localização da produção extrativista dos produtos madeireiros nas regiões imediatas do Pernambuco de 1994 a 2018. Os dados do valor bruto de produção dos produtos madeireiros foram obtidos a partir das informações disponíveis da Produção e Extração Vegetal e da Silvicultura (PEVS) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Pesquisa (IBGE). Os indicadores utilizados foram: o quociente locacional (QL), o coeficiente de localização (CL), o coeficiente de redistribuição (CRED), o coeficiente de associação geográfica (Cag), o coeficiente de especialização (CE) e o coeficiente de reestruturação (Cr). Os principais resultados mostram que no período estudado a lenha foi o principal produto madeireiro no Pernambuco, ocorrendo pouca incidência de associação geográfica entre os produtos madeireiros, a madeira em tora foi o produto madeireiro que apresentou maior redistribuição. As regiões imediatas de Araripina, Limoeiro, Petrolina e Surubim apresentam concentração significativa para a extração de lenha durante o período análise. O coeficiente de reestruturação indicou que Serra Talhada teve maior reestruturação devido ao incremento da produção extrativista de lenha e carvão vegetal. Conclui-se este trabalho pode auxiliar na orientação de políticas públicas para exploração do extrativismo vegetal dos recursos florestais de forma sustentável, atendendo o suprimento energético regional e mitigando o processo de desertificação da região do semiárido e do bioma caatinga.
Studies on PCV, GCV, Heritability, and Genetic Advance in Rice Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Chacko Arun , Jayalekshmy V. G. , Shahiba A. M.
Published: July 2023

The present experiment was carried out in twelve genotypes including IRRI introgression lines and a Japonica cultivar to analyse the genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes. All the traits under study recorded a high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) indicating the presence of environment controlling the traits. But, the less difference between PCV and GCV implies that the involvement had a negligible role in the trait expression. High PCV and GCV were observed for the characters plant height, number of productive tillers, 1000 grain weight, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and reducing sugar, representing that these characters in genotypes are contributed by additive gene action and the direct selection will improve the trait easily. Among the traits studied, high heritability and genetic advance were obtained for plant height, number of days to 50% flowering, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, grain breadth, L/B ratio, protein content, phenol content, and ascorbic acid, representing that these characters are predominant in additive gene action.
Assessment of Ocular Deformation in Pathologic Myopia Using 3-Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Luo Nan , Wang Yanbing , Alimu Subinuer , Zhao Liyi , Huang Yanqiao , Guo Ziyi , Zhao Xiujuan , Liu Bingqian , Chen Shida , Lu Lin
Published: July 2023

IMPORTANCE

Ocular deformation in pathologic myopia can affect the entire globe. However, few studies have investigated the equatorial pattern of ocular shape. In addition, the correlation between equatorial and posterior morphology needs to be further explored.

OBJECTIVE

To assess global ocular deformation in pathologic myopia.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This hospital-based, cross-sectional study included 180 pathologic myopic eyes with atrophic maculopathy grading C2 (diffuse chorioretinal atrophy) or more from 180 participants who underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including high-resolution 3-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, 10 nonpathologic myopic eyes of 10 participants were set as the control group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

According to the cross-sectional view of equator, equatorial shape was classified as round, rectangular, pyriform (noncircular and more protruded in 1 direction), vertical-elliptical, or horizontal-elliptical; according to the nasal and inferior views, the posterior shape was categorized as spheroidal, conical, bulb-shaped, ellipsoidal, multidistorted, and barrel-shaped. Equatorial circularity and ocular sphericity were used to quantitatively assess the morphological variability of the equatorial and posterior regions, respectively. The association between ocular morphology and ocular parameters and myopic maculopathy was also investigated.

Results

The mean (SD) age of 180 participants with pathologic myopia was 55.14 (10.74) years, 127 were female (70.6%), and the mean (SD) axial length of studied eyes was 30.22 (2.25) mm. The predominant equatorial shape was pyriform (66 eyes [36.7%]), followed by round (45 eyes [25.0%]). The predominant posterior shape was bulb-shaped (97 eyes [52.2%]), followed by multidistorted (46 eyes [24.7%]). Equatorial circularity and equatorial shapes were correlated (r = −0.469; 95% CI, −0.584 to −0.346; P < .001) and ocular sphericity was correlated with posterior shapes (r = −0.533; 95% CI, −0.627 to −0.427; P < .001). In eyes with a vertical-elliptical equator, equatorial circularity and ocular sphericity were positively linearly correlated (R2 = 0.246; 95% CI, 0.050-0.496; P = .002) and the prevalence of inferior staphyloma was higher (27.8%; P = .04). Eyes with a horizontal-elliptical equator have the most horizontally oriented axis of corneal flat keratometry (median, 43.55 [interquartile range, 43.84] degrees; P = .01) and tended to present with multidistorted posterior shape (21.7%; P = .04).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest ocular deformation is common in pathologic myopia and can affect the entire eye, including the equatorial and posterior regions. The morphological classification may enhance the understanding of the diverse patterns of ocular shape in pathologic myopia.
Reconstruction of the Indium Tin Oxide Surface Enhances the Adsorption of High‐Density Self‐Assembled Monolayer for Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Ming , Li Xin , Ying Zhiqin , Chen Ying , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Meili , Su Shiqian , Guo Xuchao , Sun Jingsong , Shou Chunhui , Yang Xi , Ye Jichun
Published: July 2023

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) are widely used as carrier transport interlayers for enabling high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, achieving uniform and pinhole‐free monolayers on metal oxide (e.g., indium tin oxide, ITO) surfaces is still challenging due to the sensitivity of SAM adsorption to the complex oxide's surface chemistry. Here, the hydrofluoric acid and the subsequent UV–ozone treatment are employed to reconstruct the ITO surface by selectively removing the undesired terminal hydroxyl and hydrolysis product. This can significantly increase the ITO surface activity and area, thus facilitating the adsorption of high‐density SAMs. The resultant fluorinated surface can also prevent the direct contact of ITO with the perovskite active layer and passivate the perovskite bottom interface. Benefiting from the synergistically improved perovskite film formation, charge extraction, energy level alignment, and interfacial chemical stability, the corresponding PSC achieves a greatly enhanced power conversion efficiency of 21.3%, along with an enhanced long‐term stability as compared to the control counterpart. Furthermore, a semitransparent PSC with a certified efficiency of 19.0% (with a record fill factor of 84.1%) and a four‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem with an efficiency of 28.4% are also demonstrated.
Near‐ and Far‐Field Observation of Phonon Polaritons in Wafer‐Scale Multilayer Hexagonal Boron Nitride Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Calandrini Eugenio , Voronin Kirill , Balci Osman , Barra‐Burillo Maria , Bylinkin Andrei , Shinde Sachin M. , Sharma Subash , Casanova Fèlix , Hueso Luis E. , Chuvilin Andrei , McAleese Clifford , Conran Ben R. , Wang Xiaochen , Teo Kenneth , Volkov Valentyn S. , Ferrari Andrea C. , Nikitin Alexey Y. , Hillenbrand Rainer
Published: July 2023

Polaritons in layered materials (LMs) are a promising platform to manipulate and control light at the nanometer scale. Thus, the observation of polaritons in wafer‐scale LMs is critically important for the development of industrially relevant nanophotonics and optoelectronics applications. In this work, phonon polaritons (PhPs) in wafer‐scale multilayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown by chemical vapor deposition are reported. By infrared nanoimaging, the PhPs are visualized, and PhP lifetimes of ≈0.6 ps are measured, comparable to that of micromechanically exfoliated multilayer hBN. Further, PhP nanoresonators are demonstrated. Their quality factors of ≈50 are about 0.7 times that of state‐of‐the‐art devices based on exfoliated hBN. These results can enable PhP‐based surface‐enhanced infrared spectroscopy (e.g., for gas sensing) and infrared photodetector applications.
Nucleic Acid Amplification‐Based Technologies (NAAT)—Toward Accessible, Autonomous, and Mobile Diagnostics
Authors: Narasimhan Vinayak , Kim Hyunseo , Lee Seung Heon , Kang Hyukjoon , Siddique Radwanul Hasan , Park Haeri , Wang Yibing M. , Choo Hyuck , Kim Youngeun , Kumar Shailabh
Published: July 2023

The ongoing pandemic and increasing frequency of infectious disease outbreaks due to climate change, urbanization, and global human migration have put great focus on nucleic acid amplification‐based diagnostic technologies (NAAT). These methods can provide gold standard accuracy and sensitivity, and their widespread availability at the point‐of‐care is crucial for managing the spread of pathogens in human and animal populations, as well as for environmental surveillance. However, so far the reach of NAAT‐based platforms has mostly remained limited to centralized facilities in the hand of trained workers, causing great distress in times of need. In this review, the current state‐of‐the‐art research, as well as, commercial diagnostic products, is highlighted, their performances are discussed, and the role of academic‐industrial collaborations in developing the next generation of breakthrough technologies is emphasized. It is envisioned that with these collaborations, the next generation of autonomous, affordable, and mobile NAAT devices can be developed, for a broad range of targets, and for providing truly democratized access to NAAT diagnostics for the global population in the future.
In Vivo Metabolic Imaging of [1‐13C]Pyruvate‐d3 Hyperpolarized By Reversible Exchange With Parahydrogen**
Authors: de Maissin Henri , Groß Philipp R. , Mohiuddin Obaid , Weigt Moritz , Nagel Luca , Herzog Marvin , Wang Zirun , Willing Robert , Reichardt Wilfried , Pichotka Martin , Heß Lisa , Reinheckel Thomas , Jessen Henning J. , Zeiser Robert , Bock Michael , von Elverfeldt Dominik , Zaitsev Maxim , Korchak Sergey , Glöggler Stefan , Hövener Jan‐Bernd , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Schilling Franz , Knecht Stephan , Schmidt Andreas B.
Published: July 2023

Metabolic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized (HP) pyruvate is becoming a non‐invasive technique for diagnosing, staging, and monitoring response to treatment in cancer and other diseases. The clinically established method for producing HP pyruvate, dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, however, is rather complex and slow. Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is an ultra‐fast and low‐cost method based on fast chemical exchange. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate not only in vivo utility, but also metabolic MRI with SABRE. We present a novel routine to produce aqueous HP [1‐13C]pyruvate‐d3 for injection in 6 minutes. The injected solution was sterile, non‐toxic, pH neutral and contained ≈30 mM [1‐13C]pyruvate‐d3 polarized to ≈11 % (residual 250 mM methanol and 20 μM catalyst). It was obtained by rapid solvent evaporation and metal filtering, which we detail in this manuscript. This achievement makes HP pyruvate MRI available to a wide biomedical community for fast metabolic imaging of living organisms.
Electrospun Ag‐dopedPA6multi‐stage structured nanofiber membrane with antibacterial property for oily particulate matters filtration
Authors: Wang Shuye , Wen Yajie , Sun Xiaobin , Kang Weimin , Cao Bao , Li Zongjie , Liu Yong
Published: July 2023

Oily particulate matter pollution and bacteria pose a serious threat to human health and have drawn widespread attention. Herein, an Ag‐doped nylon 6 multi‐stage structured antibacterial nanofiber membrane (PA6&Ag MSNM) for effective air filtration of fine oily particulate matters was fabricated by adding a certain amount of tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAHP) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) into PA6 solution via one‐step electrospinning. The fabricated PA6&Ag MSNM is composed of coarse trunk fibers and fine branching fibers, which exhibits high filtration efficiency for oily particulate matters and low pressure drop, with an average filtration efficiency of 99.92% for oily particles of 0.20 ~ 4.59 μm and a low pressure drop of 386 Pa. In addition, the fiber membranes possesses excellent antibacterial properties due to the doping of Ag. The prepared multi‐stage electrospun nanofiber membrane may provide a versatile strategy for designing new antibacterial air filtration materials, which would have broad application prospects.
Synthesis and Properties of Nonaromatic meso‐fused Heterobenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s
Authors: Varak Pooja , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: July 2023

Fluorene‐based tripyrrane has been used as a fused precursor to synthesize three novel examples of nonaromatic meso‐fused thia and selenabenzihomoporphyrin(2.1.1.1)s by condensing it with appropriate 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)aryl thiophene or selenophene under acid catalyzed conditions. The meso‐fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins contain one fluorene unit, two pyrrole rings and one thiophene/selenophene ring connected via five meso‐carbons in the macrocyclic framework. The macrocycles were thoroughly characterized by HR‐MS, 1D and 2D NMR, absorption, cyclic voltammetry and DFT/TD‐DFT studies. NMR, absorption, and DFT studies indicated the nonaromatic nature of meso‐fused heterobenzihomoporphyrins. The macrocycles displayed one intense band at ∼380 nm along with a shoulder band at 450 nm and a broad band in the region of 590–850 nm which were bathochromically shifted in the monoprotonated derivatives and absorbed prominently in the NIR region with the peak maxima at ∼1035 nm. The electrochemical studies revealed that the macrocycles showed three well‐defined oxidations and reductions, and TD‐DFT studies corroborated experimental observations.
H2O2‐Inducible DNA Cross‐linking Agents Capable of Releasing Multiple DNA Alkylators as Anticancer Prodrugs
Authors: Cao Sheng , Wang Yibin , Li Daniel , Peng Xiaohua
Published: July 2023

Three compounds with arylboronate esters conjugated with two equivalent nitrogen mustards [bis(2‐chloroethyl)methylamine, HN2] have been synthesized and characterized. These inactive small molecules selectively react with H2O2 to produce multiple DNA cross‐linkers, such as two HN2 molecules alongside a bisquinone methide (bisQM), leading to efficient DNA ICL formation. In comparison to other amine functional groups, using HN2 as a leaving group greatly improves the DNA cross‐linking efficiency of these arylboronate esters as well as cellular activity. The introduction of HN2 in these arylboronate ester analogues favored the generation of bisQM that can directly cross‐link DNA. Two equivalents of HN2 are also generated from these compounds upon treatment with H2O2, which directly produces DNA ICL products. The cumulative effects of HN2 and bisQM on DNA cross‐linking makes these molecules highly effective H2O2‐inducible DNA ICL agents. The three compounds with HN2 as a leaving group showed greatly enhanced cytotoxicity towards cancer cells in comparison to those containing trimethyl amine as a leaving group. This provides an effective strategy for further design of novel potential ROS‐activated anticancer prodrugs.
Deletion of aquaporin‐4 improves capillary blood flow distribution in brain edema
Authors: Bordoni Luca , Thoren Anna E. , Gutiérrez‐Jiménez Eugenio , Åbjørsbråten Knut S. , Bjørnstad Daniel M. , Tang Wannan , Stern Mette , Østergaard Leif , Nagelhus Erlend A. , Frische Sebastian , Ottersen Ole P. , Enger Rune
Published: July 2023

Brain edema is a feared complication to disorders and insults affecting the brain. It can be fatal if the increase in intracranial pressure is sufficiently large to cause brain herniation. Moreover, accruing evidence suggests that even slight elevations of intracranial pressure have adverse effects, for instance on brain perfusion. The water channel aquaporin‐4 (AQP4), densely expressed in perivascular astrocytic endfeet, plays a key role in brain edema formation. Using two‐photon microscopy, we have studied AQP4‐mediated swelling of astrocytes affects capillary blood flow and intracranial pressure (ICP) in unanesthetized mice using a mild brain edema model. We found improved regulation of capillary blood flow in mice devoid of AQP4, independently of the severity of ICP increase. Furthermore, we found brisk AQP4‐dependent astrocytic Ca2+ signals in perivascular endfeet during edema that may play a role in the perturbed capillary blood flow dynamics. The study suggests that astrocytic endfoot swelling and pathological signaling disrupts microvascular flow regulation during brain edema formation.
Body‐related shame disrupts attentional focus over time in adolescence
Authors: Vani Madison F. , Lucibello Kristen M. , Welsh Timothy , Sabiston Catherine M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Body‐related shame is a negative self‐conscious emotion that is heightened during adolescence and is associated with several adverse outcomes. Of particular interest, and informed by Objectification Theory, body‐related shame may impact attentional focus because the experience of this intense emotion may limit cognitive resources required to effectively engage in tasks. The purpose of the present study was to examine the association between body‐related shame and attentional focus over time during adolescence.

Methods

Adolescents (n = 160; Mage ± SD = 16.05 ± 0.98; 80% self‐identifying girls) completed an online survey in 2022 at baseline (Time 1) and 3 months later (Time 2). Stepwise regression was used to test the association between body‐related shame and attentional focus, with weight perception included as a covariate.

Results

The regression model demonstrated that higher body‐related shame predicted poorer attentional focus 3 months later (β = −0.44, p < .001), after controlling for weight perception (14% variance explained in attention).

Conclusions

Findings support and extend theoretical tenets by highlighting the potential importance of targeting body‐related shame to reduce the negative impact on attentional focus among adolescents.
Voluntary licensing of long‐acting HIV prevention and treatment regimens: using a proven collaboration‐ and competition‐based mechanism to rapidly expand at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured and affordable supplies in LMICs
Authors: Gaayeb Lobna , Das Aditi , James Ike , Murthy Rajesh , Nobre Sandra , Burrone Esteban , Morin Sébastien
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Emerging long‐acting (LA) prevention and treatment medicines, technologies and regimens could be game‐changing for the HIV response, helping reach the ambitious goal of halting the epidemic by 2030. To attain this goal, the rapid expansion of at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured, and affordable supplies of LA HIV prevention and treatment products through accelerated and stronger competition, involving both originator and generic companies, will be essential. To do this, global health stakeholders should take advantage of voluntary licensing of intellectual property (IP) rights, such as through the United Nations‐backed, not‐for‐profit Medicines Patent Pool, as a proven mechanism to support broad access to existing HIV medicines across low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).

Discussion

While voluntary licensing may unlock the possibility for generic competition to take place ahead of patent expiry, there are additional elements—of amplified importance for more complex LA HIV medicines—that need to be taken into consideration. This paper discusses 10 enablers of voluntary licensing of IP rights as a model to rapidly expand at‐scale, sustainable, quality‐assured, and affordable supplies of LA HIV prevention and treatment regimens in LMICs:

Identifying promising LA technology platforms and drug formulations at an early developmental stage and engaging with patent holders

Consolidating a multidisciplinary network and strengthening early‐stage coordination and collaboration to foster innovation

Embedding public health considerations in product design and delivery

Building innovative partnerships for product development and commercialization

Raising awareness of and creating demand for emerging LA products

Estimating the market size, ensuring sufficient competition and protecting sustainability

Using technology transfer and hands‐on technical support to reduce product development timelines and costs

Exploring de‐risking mechanisms and financial incentives to support generic manufacturers

Optimizing strategies for generic product development and regulatory filings

Aligning and coordinating efforts of stakeholders across the value chain.

Conclusions

Rapid access to emerging LA prevention and treatment regimens and technologies can be facilitated by voluntary licensing—catalyzed and supplemented by enabling collaborative and non‐duplicative efforts of various other stakeholders. This can effectively lead to improved—accelerated and cheaper—access to quality‐assured medicines for populations in LMICs.
An Optimization Study for the Electrospun Borate Ester Nanofibers as Light‐Weight, Flexible, and Affordable Neutron Shields for Personal Protection
Authors: Özcan Mücahid , Kaya Cengiz , Kaya Figen
Published: July 2023

In this manuscript, a borate ester solution, as a precursor, is prepared by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and boric acid (BA). The precursor is then electrospun to form nanofibers. However, the addition of BA has a negative effect on the spinning behavior by changing the conductivity. The solution's quality is enhanced through use of additives such as glycerol, sodium chloride, and acetic acid. The effect of additives on the viscosity and conductivity of solutions, and their spinning behavior, is investigated. By adjusting electrospinning process variables and solution properties, nanofibers are produced. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis is performed to identify the formation of borate ester as a result of the reaction between PVA and BA. Thermal analysis is used to characterize the thermal stability of the fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to examine the fiber morphology and diameter distribution. The findings are used to determine the best viscosity–conductivity windows for the production of electrospun borate ester nanofibers. Finally, the ability of optimized nanofibers to capture neutrons is evaluated using an Am‐Be neutron source and a BF3 detector set up. The results of the measurements indicate that the incorporation of BA into PVA nanofibers can enhance their neutron shielding capabilities up to 7.3%.
Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques for atmospheric chemistry research on molecular‐level
Authors: Zhang Wen , Xu Lu , Zhang Haofei
Published: July 2023

The Earth's atmosphere is composed of an enormous variety of chemical species associated with trace gases and aerosol particles whose composition and chemistry have critical impacts on the Earth's climate, air quality, and human health. Mass spectrometry analysis as a powerful and popular analytical technique has been widely developed and applied in atmospheric chemistry for decades. Mass spectrometry allows for effective detection, identification, and quantification of a broad range of organic and inorganic chemical species with high sensitivity and resolution. In this review, we summarize recently developed mass spectrometry techniques, methods, and applications in atmospheric chemistry research in the past several years on molecular‐level. Specifically, new developments of ion‐molecule reactors, various soft ionization methods, and unique coupling with separation techniques are highlighted. The new mass spectrometry applications in laboratory studies and field measurements focused on improving the detection limits for traditional and emerging volatile organic compounds, characterizing multiphase highly oxygenated molecules, and monitoring particle bulk and surface compositions.
PubPredict: Prediction of progression and survival in oncology leveraging publications and early efficacy data
Authors: Zhang Jianqi , Guo Yufei , Zhou Junyi , Rasmussen Hans Erik
Published: July 2023

In oncology/hematology early phase clinical trials, efficacies were often observed in terms of response rate, depth, timing, and duration. However, the true clinical benefits that eventually support registrational purpose are progression‐free survival (PFS) and/or overall survival (OS), the follow‐up of which are typically not long enough in early phase trials. This gap imposes challenges in strategies for late phase drug development. In this article, we tackle the question by leveraging published study to establish a quantitative link between early efficacy outcomes and late phase efficacy endpoints. We used solid tumor cancer as disease model. We modeled the disease course of a RECISTv1.1 assessed solid tumor with a continuous Markov chain (CMC) model. We parameterize the transition intensity matrix of a CMC model based on published aggregate‐level summary statistics, and then simulate subject‐level time‐to‐event data. The simulated data is shown to have good approximation to published studies. PFS and/or OS could be predicted with the transition intensity matrix modified given clinical knowledge to reflect various assumptions on response rate, depth, timing, and duration. The authors have built a R shiny application named PubPredict, the tool implements the algorithm described above and allows customized features including multiple response levels, treatment crossover and varying follow‐up duration. This toolset has been applied to advise phase 3 trial design when only early efficacy data are available from phase 1 or 2 studies.
The theory‐based view: Entrepreneurial microfoundations, resources, and choices
Authors: Wuebker Robert , Zenger Todd , Felin Teppo
Published: July 2023

Research Summary

We build on the theory‐based view and highlight how an entrepreneur's theory can enable the creation of value. We point to three types of theories: theories of resource arbitrage, resource recombination, or resource investment that specialize resources to particular uses. However, possessing a unique theory is not enough. The realization of an entrepreneur's theory is contingent on matching it with the right organizational and governance‐related choices. Entrepreneurs must make consequential decisions about protecting intellectual property, running experiments, acquiring resources, composing teams, and securing financing. We develop a contingent approach that enables entrepreneurs to match their theory of value with the appropriate forms of action, thereby providing entrepreneurs with a level of guidance to downstream choices that the current literature fails to provide.

Managerial Summary

To create economic value, entrepreneurs need to develop their own, unique theory of value. In this article, we highlight three distinct types of entrepreneurial theory and link these to value creation. We further point out how the realization of each theory of value depends on making the right downstream choices related to the protection of intellectual property, experimentation, resource acquisition, the composition of a team, and financing. Existing advice to entrepreneurs tends to offer one‐size‐fits‐all solutions (e.g., related to experimentation), while we argue that choices about how to pursue value creation should depend on the type of theory of value that an entrepreneur pursues.
Vor- & Mit-Schriften zweiter Ordnung. Das administrative Protokoll und sein Apparat
Authors: Plener Peter
Published: July 2023

Ein Protokoll ist im amtlichen Gebrauch zuvorderst, seit jeher, ein zweifaches Instrument des Scheidens: der Selektion dessen, was geschah und des Trennens von dem, was nicht gewesen sein wird zum einen (›Mit-Schriften‹); der Entscheidung über die Gültigkeit dieser Schnitte und die daraus ableitbare Operationalisierung andererseits (›Vor-Schriften‹). Im Amt und seiner Verwaltung markieren Protokolle, als Ausweis und zugleich Medien einer Entscheidung (mithin: als Montagen), dass etwas wie dargestellt auch passiert sei bzw. zu passieren habe; derart sind administrative Protokolle an der Schwelle zu Rechtssicherheit, Funktionalität, Erwartbarkeit und Gesetzmäßigkeit aus ihrem Apparat heraus zu verstehen. Protokolle müssen ihrerseits vom Apparat protokolliert und zugewiesen werden, beide Begrifflichkeiten sind zwischen Handlungen und verhandelnden Akten (beides acta) platziert. Die Verwaltungs- bzw. Medientechnik des Protokollierens und die daran anschließende Entscheidung der Zulässigkeit des Dargestellten (das meint auch die internen Schnittstellen) verschaffen Verwaltung und Rechtsprechung eine Grundlage ihres Handelns.
Das diplomatische Protokoll
Authors: Nanz Tobias
Published: July 2023

Das diplomatische Protokoll befasst sich mit den Regeln und Normen, die die Interaktion von Staatsoberhäuptern und Diplomat*innen regulieren. Dabei ist es kein starres und unschuldiges Medium, sondern es ist wandelbar und zugleich ein politischer Akteur: Als zwischenstaatliches Medium speichert es die hierarchischen Setzungen vergangener Treffen, visualisiert die Macht der beteiligten Akteure und prozessiert deren Verhaltensweisen und Handlungen. Anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen – das eine befasst sich mit Hotline-Nachrichten aus dem Sechstagekrieg, das andere mit Chats aus Tom Clancys The Sum of all Fears – wird die Medienfunktion des diplomatischen Protokolls herausgearbeitet und der Zwischenraum erkundet, den das Protokoll strukturiert und als einen politischen Raum markiert.
Protocol Analysis. Materialien zu einer Kritik; oder Wo bleibt das richtige Protokoll?
Authors: Eder Thomas
Published: July 2023

Protocol Analysis (Ericsson und Simon 1993) ist eine Methode zum Gewinnen und Aufzeichnen von verbalen Protokollen. Versuchsleiter fertigen diese Protokolle aus den Verbalisierungen an, die die Versuchspersonen als so genanntes »Think aloud« zeitgleich zu Denkleistungen im Rahmen bestimmter Aufgaben äußern. Der Vorteil dieser Methode sei es, dass sie sich von introspektiven Berichten von Versuchspersonen unterscheide, die mit den bekannten Schwierigkeiten zu kämpfen haben: introspektive Berichte seien nicht realitätsgetreu (Konfabulationen) und durch die Selbstbeobachtung würden die zugrundeliegenden Denkprozesse verfälscht. Der vorliegende Beitrag befragt kritisch die theoretischen und methodischen Voraussetzungen von introspektiven Berichten und von Protokollen, die im Rahmen von »Protocol Analysis« erstellt werden. Der Beitrag endet mit einem Ausblick auf die Anwendbarkeit von Methoden der »Protocol Analysis« zur Beforschung von Rezeptionsprozessen beim Lesen und Verstehen von literarischen Texten.
Utility of genetic risk scores in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Luckett Amber M. , Weedon Michael N. , Hawkes Gareth , Leslie R. David , Oram Richard A. , Grant Struan F. A.
Published: July 2023

Iterative advances in understanding of the genetics of type 1 diabetes have identified >70 genetic regions associated with risk of the disease, including strong associations across the HLA class II region that account for >50% of heritability. The increased availability of genetic data combined with the decreased costs of generating these data, have facilitated the development of polygenic scores that aggregate risk variants from associated loci into a single number: either a genetic risk score (GRS) or a polygenic risk score (PRS). PRSs incorporate the risk of many possibly correlated variants from across the genome, even if they do not reach genome-wide significance, whereas GRSs estimate the cumulative contribution of a smaller subset of genetic variants that reach genome-wide significance. Type 1 diabetes GRSs have utility in diabetes classification, aiding discrimination between type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes and MODY. Type 1 diabetes GRSs are also being used in newborn screening studies to identify infants at risk of future presentation of the disease. Most early studies of type 1 diabetes genetics have been conducted in European ancestry populations, but, to develop accurate GRSs across diverse ancestries, large case–control cohorts from non-European populations are still needed. The current barriers to GRS implementation within healthcare are mainly related to a lack of guidance and knowledge on integration with other biomarkers and clinical variables. Once these limitations are addressed, there is huge potential for ‘test and treat’ approaches to be used to tailor care for individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Graphical Abstract
Consensus report from the 10th global forum for liver magnetic resonance imaging: multidisciplinary team discussion
Authors: Taouli Bachir , Ba-Ssalamah Ahmed , Chapiro Julius , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Fowler Kathryn , Kang Tae Wook , Knobloch Gesine , Koh Dow-Mu , Kudo Masatoshi , Lee Jeong Min , Murakami Takamichi , Pinato David J. , Ringe Kristina I. , Song Bin , Tabrizian Parissa , Wang Jin , Yoon Jeong Hee , Zeng Mengsu , Zhou Jian , Vilgrain Valérie
Published: July 2023

The 10th Global Forum for Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging was held in October 2021. The themes of the presentations and discussions at this Forum are described in detail in the review by Taouli et al (2023). The focus of this second manuscript developed from the Forum is on multidisciplinary tumor board perspectives in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management: how to approach early-, mid-, and late-stage management from the perspectives of a liver surgeon, an interventional radiologist, and an oncologist. The manuscript also includes a panel discussion by multidisciplinary experts on three selected cases that explore challenging aspects of HCC management.

Clinical relevance statement

This review highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach in liver cancer patients and includes the perspectives of a liver surgeon, an interventional radiologist, and an oncologist, including illustrative case studies.

Key Points

• A liver surgeon, interventional radiologist, and oncologist presented their perspectives on the treatment of early-, mid-, and late-stage HCC.

• Different perspectives on HCC management between specialties emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary tumor boards.

• A multidisciplinary faculty discussed challenging aspects of HCC management, as highlighted by three case studies.
Salivary gland pathologies: evolution in classification and association with unique genetic alterations
Authors: Żurek Michał , Fus Łukasz , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Rzepakowska Anna
Published: July 2023

Purpose

The correct classification of salivary gland pathologies is crucial for choosing a treatment method and determining the prognosis. Better outcomes are now achievable thanks to the introduction of new therapy approaches, such as targeted therapies for malignant salivary gland tumors. To apply these in clinical routine, a clear classification of the lesions is required.

Methods

The following review examines all changes from the first World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of salivary gland pathologies from 1972 to fifth edition from 2022. Possible developments in the diagnosis and classification of salivary gland pathology are also presented.

Results

The current WHO classification is the fifth edition. With the development of new diagnostic methods, based on genetic alterations, it provides insight into the molecular basis of lesions. This has resulted in the evolution of classification, introduction of new entities and reclassification of existing ones.

Conclusions

Genetic alterations will become increasingly more significant in the identification of salivary gland pathologies in the future. These alterations will be helpful as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and may also serve as targets for anti-cancer therapies.
The influence of prolonged instrument manipulation on gas leakage through trocars
Authors: Robertson Daniel , van Duijn Matthijs , Arezzo Alberto , Mintz Yoav ,   Technology Committee of the EAES, Boni Luigi , Baldari Ludovica , Carus Thomas , Chand Manish , Fuchs Hans , Ficuciello Fanny , Marconi Stefania , Mylonas George , Kim Young Woo , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Schijven Marlies , Valdastri Pietro , Sagiv Chen , Mascagni Pietro , Myśliwiec Piotr , Petz Wanda , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco , Horeman-Franse Tim
Published: July 2023

Background

During laparoscopic surgery, CO2 insufflation gas could leak from the intra-abdominal cavity into the operating theater. Medical staff could therefore be exposed to hazardous substances present in leaked gas. Although previous studies have shown that leakage through trocars is a contributing factor, trocar performance over longer periods remains unclear. This study investigates the influence of prolonged instrument manipulation on gas leakage through trocars.

Methods

Twenty-five trocars with diameters ranging from 10 to 15 mm were included in the study. An experimental model was developed to facilitate instrument manipulation in a trocar under loading. The trocar was mounted to a custom airtight container insufflated with CO2 to a pressure of 15 mmHg, similar to clinical practice. A linear stage was used for prolonged instrument manipulation. At the same time, a fixed load was applied radially to the trocar cannula to mimic the reaction force of the abdominal wall. Gas leakage was measured before, after, and during instrument manipulation.

Results

After instrument manipulation, leakage rates per trocar varied between 0.0 and 5.58 L/min. No large differences were found between leakage rates before and after prolonged manipulation in static and dynamic measurements. However, the prolonged instrument manipulation did cause visible damage to two trocars and revealed unintended leakage pathways in others that can be related to production flaws.

Conclusion

Prolonged instrument manipulation did not increase gas leakage rates through trocars, despite damage to some individual trocars. Nevertheless, gas leakage through trocars occurs and is caused by different trocar-specific mechanisms and design issues.
Ab initio study of molecular properties of l-tyrosine
Authors: Boča Roman , Štofko Juraj , Imrich Richard
Published: July 2023

Context

l-Tyrosine is a naturally occurring agent that acts as a precursor in biosynthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in brain such as dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and hormones like thyroxine and triiodothyronine. While l-tyrosine in vacuo adopts the canonical aminoacid form with –NH2 and –COOH functional groups, from neutral solutions, is crystallizes in the zwitterionic form possessing –NH3+ and –COO− groups. As l-tyrosine is non-innocent agent with respect to redox processes, redox ability in water expressed by the absolute oxidation and reduction potentials is investigated. The cluster analysis applied to a set of nine related neurotransmitters and trace amines confirms that l-tyrosine is mostly similar to aminoacid forms of phenylalanine, octopamine, and noradrenaline.

Methods

The energetic data at the Hartree–Fock MO-LCAO-SCF method has been conducted using def2-TZVP basis set, and improved by the many-body perturbation theory using the MP2 correction to the correlation energy. For the aminoacid form and the zwitterionic form of l-tyrosine, a set of molecular descriptors has been evaluated (ionization energy, electron affinity, molecular electronegativity, chemical hardness, electrophilicity index, dipole moment, quadrupole moment, and dipole polarizability). The solvent effect (CPCM) is very expressive to the zwitterionic form and alters the sign of the electron affinity from positive to negative values. In parallel, density-functional theory with B3LYP variant in the same basis set has been employed for full geometry optimization of the neutral and ionized forms of l-tyrosine allowing assessing the adiabatic (a) ionization/affinity processes. The complete vibrational analysis enables evaluating thermodynamic functions such as the inner energy, enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs energy, and consequently the absolute oxidation and reduction potentials. Of applied methods, the most reliable are B3LYP(a) results that account to the correlation energy and the electron and nuclear relaxation during the ionization/affinity processes.
Antimicrobial susceptibilities and genomic epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Vestberg Nora , Bhattarai Karin Haij , Fang Hong
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibilities of N. gonorrhoeae isolates in Stockholm, Sweden. In total, 6723 isolates detected in Stockholm, Sweden, from January 2016 to September 2022, were examined for antimicrobial susceptibilities by using E-test. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was applied to isolates in sentinel surveillance and isolates resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs) or high-level azithromycin (HLAzi-R, MIC ≥ 256 mg/L). As sentinel surveillance, consecutive clinical isolates (n = 396) detected every 4th week from January 2021 to September 2022 were enrolled in the study. Of the 6723 isolates investigated, 33 isolates (< 1%) were found to be resistant to cefixime, one of which was co-resistant to ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin and was detected in September 2022. Ten isolates presented a high level of azithromycin resistance. Resistant rates to ciprofloxacin varied from 32 in 2017 to 68–69% in 2021–2022. Elevated MIC50 and MIC90 of azithromycin were observed over the years. No resistance to spectinomycin was identified. The most frequently occurring MLST in the sentinel surveillance was ST9362 (23%), followed by ST11706 (9%), ST7359 (8%), ST10314 (7%), and ST11422 (6%). The ceftriaxone-resistant isolate belonged to ST8130 and the novel NG-STAR ST4859. Genomic resistance traits found in this strain included mutations in genes mtrR (A39T), parC (S87N), and gyrA (S91F and D95A), as well as the presence of blaTEM-135 and tetM genes. A predominance of ST9362 was observed in Stockholm. The high number of azithromycin and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates and the emergence of a strain with a novel NG-STAR are of great concern.
Asymptotic linear convergence of fully-corrective generalized conditional gradient methods
Authors: Bredies Kristian , Carioni Marcello , Fanzon Silvio , Walter Daniel
Published: July 2023

We proposea fully-corrective generalized conditional gradient method(FC-GCG) for the minimization of the sum of a smooth, convex loss function and a convex one-homogeneous regularizer over a Banach space. The algorithm relies on the mutual update of a finite set $$\mathcal {A}_k$$Akof extremal points of the unit ball of the regularizer and of an iterate $$u_k \in {\text {cone}}(\mathcal {A}_k)$$uk∈cone(Ak). Each iteration requires the solution of one linear problem to update $$\mathcal {A}_k$$Akand of one finite dimensional convex minimization problem to update the iterate. Under standard hypotheses on the minimization problem we show that the algorithm converges sublinearly to a solution. Subsequently, imposing additional assumptions on the associated dual variables, this is improved to a linear rate of convergence. The proof of both results relies on two key observations: First, we prove the equivalence of the considered problem to the minimization of a lifted functional over a particular space of Radon measures using Choquet’s theorem. Second, the FC-GCG algorithm is connected to aPrimal-Dual-Active-Point methodon the lifted problem for which we finally derive the desired convergence rates.