bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Self‐Discharge Capability of Zn‐Halogen Batteries Through an Entrapment‐Adsorption‐Catalysis Strategy Built Upon Separator
Authors: Yang Jie , Dai Qiqi , Hou Shuang , Han Cuiping , Zhao Lingzhi
Published: February 2025

Aqueous Zn‐halogen batteries (Zn‐I2/Br2) suffer from grievous self‐discharge behavior, resulting in irreversible loss of active cathode material and severe corrosion of zinc anode, which ultimately leads to rapid battery failure. Herein, an entrapment‐adsorption‐catalysis strategy is reported, leveraging Zn─Mn atom pairs‐modified glass fiber separator (designated as ZnMn‐NC/GF), to effectively mitigate the self‐discharge phenomenon. The in situ Raman and UV experiments, along with theoretical calculations, confirmed the single‐atom Mn sites are responsible for polyiodides adsorption, while Zn─Mn atom pairs facilitated the conversion of reaction intermediates. As a result, the utilization rate of cathode active species is enhanced through this ZnMn‐NC/GF separator. The fully charged Zn‐I2 battery assembled with ZnMn‐NC/GF maintained a Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90.1% after being left for 120 h, as well as a capacity retention rate of 95.3% after 30000 cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1. Additionally, the Zn‐Br2 battery designed with ZnMn‐NC/GF separator can withstand more serious self‐discharge problems of bromine species, with an average discharge voltage platform of 1.75 V at 0.5 A g−1. The self‐discharge problem of aqueous Zn‐halogen batteries is significantly suppressed by this entrapment‐adsorption‐catalysis strategy, which can serve as a crucial reference for the advancement of high‐performance aqueous Zn‐halogen batteries.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C(sp2)–H and C(sp2)–C(sp2) Bond Activation of Aryl Oximes with CF3‐Imidoyl Sulfoxonium Ylides: Access to N‐(2‐Cyanoaryl)‐3‐(Trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐Imines
Authors: Li Pinyi , Chen Jian , Yang Zuguang , Chen Zhengkai
Published: February 2025

A rhodium(III)‐catalyzed redox‐neutral C−H and C−C bond activation reaction of aryl oximes and CF3‐substituted imidoyl sulfoxonium ylides (TFISYs) has been described, producing a wide variety of N‐(2‐cyanoaryl)‐3‐(trifluoromethyl)isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐imines in moderate to excellent yields. The transformation might involve a consecutive C(sp2)–H bond activation, intramolecular spiro‐cyclization, C−C bond activation and N−O bond cleavage sequence. This developed protocol provides a direct entry to diverse trifluoromethyl and nitrile‐containing heterocycles with the generation of water and dimethyl sulfoxide as by‐products.
Targeting intracellular autophagic process for the treatment of post‐stroke ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Hu Jun , Hu Zekai , Xia Jiayi , Chen Yeping , Cordato Dennis , Cheng Qi , Wang Jie
Published: February 2025

Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an important pathophysiological condition of ischemic stroke that involves a variety of physiological and pathological cell death pathways, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and phagoptosis, among which autophagy is the most studied. We have reviewed studies published in the past 5 years regarding the association between autophagy and cerebral I/R injury. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review article summarizing potential candidates targeting autophagic pathways in the treatment of I/R injury post ischemic stroke. The findings of this review may help to better understand the pathogenesis and mechanisms of I/R events and bridge the gap between basic and translational research that may lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for I/R injury.
Animal models for abdominal aortic aneurysms: Where we are and where we need to go
Authors: Tian Kangli , Malik Fizza , Zhao Sihai
Published: February 2025

The mortality rate of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) after rupture is extremely high, and this disease has become an important disease endangering the health of the Chinese population. Methods used to model AAA include intraluminal pressurized elastase infusion, chronic infusion of angiotensin II (Ang II) via an osmotic pump, periarterial application of calcium chloride, vascular grafting, and gene modification. AAA models induced by elastase and Ang II are the two most widely used animal models. In the elastase‐induced model, because intraluminal infusion is transient, with the cessation of initial stimulation, the aneurysm lesion tends to be stable and rarely ruptures. The model induced by Ang II infusion often presents with a typical aortic dissection with a false lumen, whereas clinical AAA patients do not necessarily have dissection. Currently, the treatment of AAA in clinical practice remains endovascular, and there is a lack of pharmacological therapy, which is also related to the fact that the pathogenic mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Smoking, old age, male sex, and hypertension are the main risk factors for AAA, but these risk factors have not been fully investigated in the current modeling methods, which may affect the clinical translational application of research results based on animal models. Therefore, this article reviews the most commonly used AAA modeling methods, comments on their applications and limitations, and provides a perspective on the development of novel animal models.
Intrinsic Distortion against Jahn‐Teller Distortion: A New Paradigm for High‐Stability Na‐Ion Layered Mn‐Rich Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Jin Junteng , Wang Yao , Zhao Xudong , Hu Yang , Li Tianyu , Liu Hui , Zhong Yi , Jiao Lifang , Liu Yongchang , Chen Jun
Published: February 2025

Layered manganese‐rich oxides (LMROs) are widely recognized as the leading cathode candidates for grid‐scale sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their high specific capacities and cost benefits, but the notorious Jahn‐Teller (J‐T) distortion of Mn3+ always induces severe structural degradation and consequent rapid cathode failure, impeding the practical implementation of such materials. Herein, we unveil the “intrinsic distortion against J‐T distortion” mechanism to effectively stabilize the layered frameworks of LMRO cathodes. The intrinsic distortion simply constructed by introducing bulk oxygen vacancies is systematically confirmed by advanced synchrotron X‐ray techniques, atomic‐scale imaging characterizations, and theoretical computations, which can counteract the J‐T distortion during cycling due to their opposite deformation orientations. This greatly decreases and uniformizes the lattice strain within the ab plane and along the c axis of the material, thereby alleviating the P2‐P′2 phase transition as well as suppressing the edge dislocation and intragranular crack formation upon repeated cycles. As a result, the tailored P2‐Na0.72Mg0.1Mn0.9O2 cathode featuring intrinsic distortion delivers a considerably enhanced cycling durability (91.9 % capacity retention after 500 cycles) without sacrificing the Mn3+/Mn4+ redox capacity (186.5 mAh g−1 at 0.3 C). This intrinsic distortion engineering paves a brand‐new and prospective avenue toward achieving high‐performance LMRO cathodes for SIBs.
NIR‐II Emissive Oligonucleotides Grafted π‐Conjugated Polymers for Low‐Temperature Photothermal and Gene Combined Therapy
Authors: Fan Guiling , Hou Shengxin , Gu Ying , Jiang Hengfeng , Zhang Wenkang , Wu Weitao , Wang Mengying , Tian Leilei
Published: February 2025

In order to address the strong hydrophobicity and function limitation of NIR‐II emissive phototheranostic π‐conjugated polymers (CPs), appropriate modifications are necessary to impart water dispersibility and functionality to CPs. This study uses DNA as the hydrophilic and functional unit to modify CPs, synthesizing CP‐g‐DNA amphiphilic copolymers and producing water‐dispersible oligonucleotide‐modified π‐conjugated polymer nanoparticles (OCPNs) by self‐assembly. In addition to DNA′s gene regulation abilities that can combine with the low‐temperature photothermal therapy of CPs for enhanced tumor therapy, OCPNs display unique characteristics as novel nanomaterials. On one side, DNA changes the π–π interactions and results in a two‐fold enhancement in NIR‐II fluorescence emission, which greatly benefits tumor imaging. On the other side, DNA varies the surface properties of OCPNs and the nano‐bio interactions. OCPNs exhibit multiple cellular internalization pathways, including caveolae/lipid raft‐mediated uptake for cytoplasm delivery, which may enhance gene transfection combined with the photothermal‐promoted lysosome escape. Moreover, OCPNs can quickly accumulate in tumors due to their higher tissue penetration capability. Taken together, a strategy of using DNA to enable and advance the phototheranostic applications of CPs has been demonstrated, and the distinct properties of OCPNs will open up new biological application opportunities in the future.
Preparation of Degradable and Sequence‐Controlled Aliphatic Polysulfones by Group Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Gao Kexiong , Wang Xianjin , Wang Tongkun , Song Silin , Zhu Chen
Published: February 2025

The incorporation of sulfur atoms into polymer backbones for the synthesis of sulfur‐containing polymers, such as aliphatic polysulfones, not only enhances degradability but also imparts many distinctive properties to these materials. Traditional synthetic methods encounter substantial challenges in achieving sequence‐controlled aliphatic polysulfones with high molecular weights (MW), which significantly limits their applications. We report a novel approach for synthesizing aliphatic polysulfones using the strategy of sulfonyl radical‐mediated group transfer radical polymerization (GTRP). This protocol employs a practical SO2‐free pathway and produces a series of ABC sequence‐defined high‐MW polymers (up to 199.2 kg/mol). The resultant aliphatic polysulfone exhibits remarkable full‐degradability at ambient temperature under strong basic conditions, and offers optical properties – including refractive index and Abbe number – comparable to those of commercially utilized polycarbonate. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to corroborate the non‐desulfonylative Smiles rearrangement mechanism implicated in the GTRP process.
In‐tandem Electrochemical Reduction of Nitrate to Ammonia on Ultrathin‐Sheet‐Assembled Iron‐Nickel Alloy Nanoflowers
Authors: Chandra Majhi Kartick , Chen Hongjiang , Batool Asma , Zhu Qi , Jin Yangxin , Liu Shengqin , Sit Patrick H.‐L. , Chun‐Ho Lam Jason
Published: February 2025

The development of alternative routes for ammonia (NH3) synthesis with high Faradaic efficiency (FE) is crucial for energy conservation and to achieve zero carbon emissions. Electrocatalytic nitrate (NO3−) reduction to NH3 (e‐NO3RRA) is a promising alternative to the energy‐intensive, fossil‐fuel‐driven Haber–Bosch process. The implementation of this innovative NH3 synthesis technique requires an efficient electrocatalyst and in‐depth mechanistic understanding of e‐NO3RRA. In this study, we developed an ultrathin sheet (μm) iron–nickel nanoflower alloy through electrodeposition and used it for e‐NO3RRA under alkaline conditions. The prepared Fe−Ni alloy exhibited an FE of 97.28±1.36 % at −238 mVRHE and an NH3 yield rate up to 3999.1±242.59 μg h−1 cm−2. Experimental electrolysis, in situ Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations showed that the adsorption and reduction of NO3− to NO2− occurred on the Fe surface, whereas subsequent hydrogenation of NO2− to NH3 occurred preferentially on the Ni surface. The catalysts exhibited comparable FE for at least 10 cycles, with a long‐term stability of 216 h. Electron paramagnetic resonance results confirmed that adsorbed hydrogen was consumed during e‐NO3RRA. This work introduces a sustainable, robust, and efficient Fe−Ni alloy electrocatalyst, offering an environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing NH3 from NO3−‐contaminated water.
An Authentic Al=Si Double Bond
Authors: Parvin Nasrina , Ankur  , Morgenstern Bernd , Scheschkewitz David
Published: February 2025

Aluminatasilenes are the elusive heavier counterparts of the well‐known borataalkenes in which the B=C double bond is formally replaced by an Al=Si moiety. We report the isolation of a four‐membered anionic AlSi3 cycle with a bona fide Al=Si double bond, which is obtained by the reaction of 2 eq. of disilenide Tip2Si=SiTipLi with H2AlCl (Tip=2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl). X‐ray crystallography, UV/Vis spectroscopy and computational analysis confirm the double bond character with a very short Al−Si bond of 2.283(1) Å and high Wiberg bond index (WBI) of 1.31. Intramolecular C−H activation by the Al=Si bond and the reactions with sulfur sources confirm typical double bond reactivity.
Tailoring Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Binders for High‐Voltage LiCoO2 via Thermal Pulse Sintering
Authors: Chen Shiming , Zhu Hengyao , Li Jiangxiao , Yin Zu‐Wei , Chen Taowen , Yao Xiangming , Zhao Wenguang , Xue Haoyu , Jiang Xin , Li Yongsheng , Ren Hengyu , Chen Jun , Li Jun‐Tao , Yang Luyi , Pan Feng
Published: February 2025

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), as the commercial cathode binder for lithium‐ion batteries, presents several practical challenges, including insufficient conductivity, weak adhesion to active materials, and the use of toxic N‐methylpyrrolidone for slurry preparation. However, while most water‐soluble binders can address the aforementioned issues, they fail to meet the requirements of high‐voltage cathodes. In this work, we innovatively employed a thermal pulse sintering strategy to modify carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC), enabling their application in 4.6 V LiCoO2 (93 % capacity retention after 200 cycles). This strategy facilitates the decomposition of electrochemically active carboxyl groups, leading to ring opening reactions that generate numerous ether linkages (‐C−O−C‐) without introducing undesirable side effects on LiCoO2. The resulting components form additional charge carrier (i.e., Li+ and e−) pathways on the cathode surface. Additionally, the heating process also promotes uniform coating of the binder on the surface of LiCoO2, creating a protective layer that inhibits interfacial side reactions. Through proposing a scalable and economic manufacturing technology of multifunctional binder, this work enlightens the avenues for practical high‐energy‐density batteries.
Functional Polyimide/CsxWO3 Composite Aerogel With Photothermal Conversion Ability and Thermal Insulation Performance
Authors: Xu Jing , Liu Jingxiao , Shi Fei , Xiao Jianbin , Pei Wen , Yu Chen
Published: February 2025

With the development of industrialization, there is an urgent need for energy‐saving materials with lightweight, thermal insulation and fire resistance. Here, we prepared a novel polyimide/CsxWO3 (PIC) composite aerogel with excellent mechanical properties, good thermal stability, thermal insulation, and outstanding photothermal conversion performance using CsxWO3 as a light absorber by directional freezing and imidization. Unlike conventional polyimide aerogels, the introduction of CsxWO3 NPs enhanced the aerogel network and effectively mitigated shrinkage and deformation during freeze‐drying. This synergistic effect endows the PIC aerogel with excellent mechanical strength (withstanding 500 cycles of fatigue tests), high thermal stability (maximum decomposition temperature close to 600°C), and strong hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, driven by CsxWO3 NPs, ensures efficient photon absorption. A simulation experiment on the thermal insulation performance demonstrates that employing a PIC film as the outer enclosure of a simulated insulation box can markedly enhance the thermal insulation effect, leading to a reduction of 12.2°C in the internal temperature. The novel integration of photothermal and thermal insulation properties in this composite aerogel represents a clear advancement over existing materials, making it highly promising for energy‐efficient thermal insulation technologies.
Improving vertical detail in simulated temperature and humidity data using machine learning
Authors: da Silva Rodrigues Joana D. , Morcrette Cyril J.
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric models used for weather forecasting and climate predictions discretise the atmosphere onto a vertical grid. There are however atmospheric phenomena that occur on scales smaller than the thickness of those model layers. The formation of low‐level clouds due to temperature inversions is an example. This leads to atmospheric models underestimating, or even missing, these clouds and their radiative effects. Using radiosonde observations as training data, a machine learning model is used to improve the vertical detail of modelled profiles of temperature and specific humidity. In addition, a physics‐informed machine learning model is developed and compared to the traditional approach; showing improvements in the cloud fraction profiles calculated from its predictions. The vertically enhanced profiles also improve the representation of layers of convective inhibition and anomalous refractivity gradients. This work facilitates targeted improvements to the representation of certain atmospheric processes without the burden of increased memory and computational cost from increasing vertical resolution throughout the whole model.
Demonstrating the Effectiveness of an Alternative to Triton X‐100 for Detergent‐Mediated Viral Inactivation in Biomanufacturing
Authors: Banerjee Kakolie , Antonello Alice , Johnson Sandra , Licht Anja , Rapp Almut , Miller Corinne
Published: February 2025

Detergent‐mediated viral inactivation is an important process step for ensuring viral safety of parenteral biotherapeutics, including plasma proteins and monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The conventional Triton X‐100 detergent has ecological toxicity concerns and REACH classification that mandate replacement in the biopharmaceutical industry. Criteria for a replacement detergent include viral inactivation efficacy, acceptable safety and biodegradation profile, process removal, and quality suitable for parenteral drug product manufacturing. A non‐ionic, C11‐15 secondary alcohol ethoxylate, Deviron 13‐S9 detergent, has been demonstrated to meet the necessary requirements for detergent performance. Benchmarking studies with Triton X‐100 detergent demonstrate comparable performance with a panel of enveloped viruses in multiple matrices, including human IgG, clarified cell culture harvest, and fractionated plasma. Deviron 13‐S9 detergent demonstrated viral inactivation efficiency comparable to or better than Triton X‐100 detergent, achieving > 5 log reduction values. Critical micelle concentration was determined across different temperatures and media. Deviron 13‐S9 detergent was demonstrated to be readily biodegradable according to OECD 301B guidelines. The absence of detergent binding to typical chromatography resins used in downstream purification was confirmed. The process removal of Deviron 13‐S9 detergent from a protein‐containing matrix was demonstrated using a protein A resin. These findings support Deviron 13‐S9 detergent as a viable alternative to Triton X‐100 detergent, ensuring robust viral inactivation, environmental compatibility, and alignment with regulatory requirements.
The use of molecular and cell biology scientific news to facilitate learning and scientific thinking
Authors: Giojalas Laura C. , Romano Leticia García , Lingua Giuliana , Martín Rocío B.
Published: February 2025

Molecular Cell Biology (MCB) should be taught according to the scientific practices, avoiding cumulative and memory knowledge construction, but favoring scientific thinking. A way to achieve this goal is to apply activities involving scientific news, which construct knowledge through significant learning and the development of critical thinking. The study aimed to evaluate the implementation of learning activities involving scientific news in the MCB course at the undergraduate level. The perspective of design‐based research was applied, whereas the cognitive and interpersonal aspects were evaluated by means of the professors' narration, class registration, questionnaires answered by the students, and the evaluation of the activities carried out by the students. Results showed that the activity involving scientific news reinforces the construction and integration of new knowledge with that previously acquired and consolidates the acquisition of scientific thinking. Even though the completion of the activity involved a complex process, according to the professor and students' opinion, the students observed positive aspects such as the application of biological and scientific language and the motivation to search for related information. Regarding the cooperative learning strategy, students perceived that it is a methodology that facilitates their learning. In summary, incorporating scientific news into MCB courses will enhance professors' effectiveness in achieving didactic goals while also fostering scientific thinking in students, equipping them for future roles as biologists and professors in biological sciences.
Pre‐stimulus activities affect subsequent visual processing: Empirical evidence and potential neural mechanisms
Authors: Dehaghani Narjes Soltani , Zarei Mojtaba
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Humans obtain most of their information from visual stimuli. The perception of these stimuli may be modulated by the ongoing pre‐stimulus brain activities. Depending on the task design, the processing of different cognitive functions such as spatial attention, feature‐based attention, temporal attention, arousal, and mental imagery may start prior to the stimulus onset.

Method

This process is typically accompanied by changes in pre‐stimulus oscillatory activities including power, phase, or connectivity in different frequency bands. To explain the effect of these changes, several mechanisms have been proposed. In this article, we review these changes and the potential mechanisms in the context of the pre‐stimulus enabled cognitive functions. We provide evidence both in favor of and against the most documented mechanisms and conclude that no single mechanism can solely delineate the effects of pre‐stimulus brain activities on later processing. Instead, multiple mechanisms may work in tandem to guide pre‐stimulus brain activities.

Finding

Additionally, our findings indicate that in many studies a combination of these cognitive functions begins prior to stimulus onset.

Conclusion

Thus, dissociating these cognitive functions is challenging based on the current literature, and the need for precise task designs in later studies to differentiate between them is crucial.
Clients' Reasons for Dropping Out of Therapy: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Homan Jesse B. , Talbott Maria M. , Holliday Mic
Published: February 2025

Aim

There has been limited research on therapy attrition from the perspective of clients who terminate. This qualitative study addresses the question, why do clients choose to terminate therapy prematurely?

Method

Twelve participants who had chosen to end in‐person individual therapy were interviewed.

Findings

The most common reason for terminating was experiencing invalidation from the therapist, including not feeling heard, feeling dismissed and judged and not feeling valued. Another type of invalidation experienced was therapists' microaggressions on client identities of race, culture and sexual orientation. Inadequate problem‐solving in therapy, through oversimplification of problem‐solving or not receiving guidance for change, was another common reason for dropout.

Discussion

Understanding the perspectives of clients who have been dissatisfied with therapy is useful for identifying therapist behaviours that can cause ruptures. Clinicians can learn from clients' negative experiences in therapy in order to improve clinical practice.
SAMHSA approves CM incentives of up to $750 a year per patient
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2025

Contingency management (CM) — paying patients in treatment for addiction for negative drug tests — is the best method for treating stimulant use disorders, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse and researchers. Because there is no other effective treatment for stimulant use disorders, CM is particularly important. However, the federal government has required that these payments be very low (no more than $75 a year) in order to avoid “kickbacks.” The idea that treatment providers would use the payments as incentives to get patients kept this effective protocol from being included in treatment or even in research. However, finally the federal government has upped the amount. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) announced that its grant programs which authorize CM can now provide values of up to $750 a year per patient.
Pharyngoplasty With Suture of Mucosal Flap Complementary Coverage for Treating Pharyngeal Stenosis
Authors: Lu Zhiyan , Wang Yimiao , Li Dan , Chen Siyi , Ma Shuaichi , He Peijie
Published: February 2025

Exploring a new method of pharyngoplasty surgery, which uses CO2 laser to dislocate the mucosa and then covers the wound with mucosal flap complementary sutures, successfully preventing postoperative pharyngeal stenosis.
Current‐Potential‐Time Response of the Second‐Order Co‐Reactant Mechanism: An Analytical Theoretical Approach
Authors: Laborda Eduardo , López‐Asanza Javier , Moreno‐Molina Judit , Gonzalez Joaquín , Molina Angela
Published: February 2025

An analytical approach is presented for the voltammetric and chronoamperometric study of a second‐order cyclic‐type mechanism where two species are ‘activated’ electrochemically and subsequently react in solution, as observed in co‐reactant electrochemiluminescence mechanisms. Closed‐form expressions are derived for the current‐potential‐time response and for the surface species concentrations as a function of the chemical rate constant, the concentration ratio of the initial species, and their formal potentials. Their effects on the voltammetric signal are analyzed, pointing out a wave‐splitting behaviour for fast kinetics, which is tied to the rates of formation and consumption of the ‘activated’ co‐reactant.
Design of Rigid Compounds to Enhance Selectivity for Carbonic Anhydrase IX
Authors: Vaškevičius Aivaras , Trumpickaitė Gabrielė , Parafjanovič Edvin , Manakova Elena , Mickevičiūtė Aurelija , Gedgaudas Marius , Kojis Tautvydas , Paketurytė‐Latvė Vaida , Smirnov Alexey , Baranauskiene Lina , Gražulis Saulius , Zubrienė Asta , Dudutienė Virginija , Matulis Daumantas
Published: February 2025

High affinity and selectivity for intended targets is an important goal of small molecule design in drug discovery, yet balancing molecular flexibility and rigidity remains a challenge. While flexible compounds can increase target affinity, they often result in non‐specific interactions and reduced selectivity. In contrast, rigid compounds may recognize their target more precisely and have lower off‐target effects. In this study, we incorporated a 1,1‐dioxido‐1,4‐thiazine ring into fluorinated benzenesulfonamide derivatives with bulky meta‐substituents to enhance selectivity for human carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an important cancer‐associated target. Due to the structural similarities of CAIX with other carbonic anhydrase isozymes, selective inhibition remains a significant challenge. A series of 3,4‐substituted trifluorobenzenesulfonamides containing oxidized thiazine rings were synthesized using a novel synthetic pathway. Although the potency against CAIX was modestly reduced compared to more flexible analogs, selectivity increased significantly, with lead compounds 7 d and 7 e exhibiting over 1000‐fold selectivity for CAIX over most other isozymes. X‐ray crystallography revealed the structural basis for this selectivity, confirming the advantageous positioning of rigidified compounds within some CA isozyme active sites. These findings highlight the potential of molecular rigidity in the design of highly selective inhibitors for therapeutic applications.
EU‐Verbot für Leuchtstoffröhren: Handlungsbedarf für Anlagenbetreiber
Authors: Schulz Rico
Published: February 2025

Seit dem 1. September 2023 dürfen keine T8‐Leuchtstoffröhren mehr in Verkehr gebracht werden. Dies betrifft auch explosionsgefährdete Bereiche. Die EU hat beschlossen, diese Lampen aus dem Verkehr zu ziehen, um dem technischen Fortschritt und dem Umweltschutz Rechnung zu tragen. Betreiber müssen nun auf LED‐Technologie umsteigen, um den neuen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Ein schneller Umstieg auf LED‐Leuchten wird immer attraktiver, da sie bei vergleichbarer Lichtleistung nur etwa halb so viel elektrische Energie benötigen wie Leuchtstoffröhren.
Adjuvant Proton Beam Radiation Therapy for Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Takayesu Jamie S. K. , Parvathaneni Upendra , Laramore George E. , Panjwani Neil , Sillings Jennifer , Futran Neal D. , Humphreys Ian M. , Jafari Aria , Abuzeid Waleed M. , Barber Brittany , Marchiano Emily , Lee Sylvia M. , Thompson John A. , Hall Evan , Bhatia Shailender , Rodriguez Cristina P. , Liao Jay J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Head and neck mucosal melanoma (HNMM) is rare and carries a poor prognosis with high rates of disease progression. There is little data regarding the use of adjuvant proton radiation therapy in the management of sinonasal HNMM.

Aims

We performed a retrospective review of patients with nonmetastatic sinonasal HNMM treated with adjuvant proton radiation from 2012 to 2022 at a single academic institution. Kaplan–Meier estimates were used for survival analyses.

Methods and Results

Eight patients with sinonasal HNMM were treated with surgery and adjuvant proton radiation, and six received systemic therapy. Median follow‐up was 15 months (range: 3–68 months). Only one local failure was observed, and two patients developed distant metastases. Kaplan–Meier 1‐year results were as follows: local control 88%, distant metastasis‐free survival 75%, and overall survival 88%. No Grade 3 or higher late toxicities were observed.

Conclusion

Surgical resection and adjuvant proton radiation provided early favorable local control and toxicity profiles in our cohort of patients with sinonasal HNMM. Further multi‐institutional work is needed to study this rare malignancy.
The Role and Mechanisms of Aurora Kinases in Kidney Diseases
Authors: Chang Meiying , Li Qiuyi , Shi Zhenwei , Zhuang Shougang
Published: February 2025

Aurora kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that includes Aurora kinase A, Aurora kinase B, and Aurora kinase C. These kinases play crucial roles in mitotic spindle formation and cell proliferation. Over the past several decades, extensive research has elucidated the multifaceted roles of Aurora kinases in cancer development and progression. Recent studies have also highlighted the significant involvement of Aurora kinases in various kidney diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma, diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, and polycystic kidney disease. The mechanisms by which Aurora kinases contribute to renal diseases are complex and influenced by both specific pathological conditions and environmental factors. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the role and mechanisms through which Aurora kinases operate in kidney diseases and discuss the efficacy and application of existing inhibitors targeting these kinases in managing renal disorders in animal models.
Integrated Measurement of Accountability in a Circular Economy and Its Main Determinants in Waste Companies
Authors: Kuba‐Khoury Víctor , Scarpellini Sabina , Aranda‐Usón Alfonso
Published: February 2025

The study examines circular reporting practices and their determinants that lead to different levels of circular accountability, such as the quality of being transparent and exhaustive, to give an account of the companies' circular economy‐related activities. A dual methodological approach is adopted, combining statistical‐descriptive and qualitative methods to analyze data from 145 Spanish waste‐sector companies from 2018 to 2023. Findings highlight that most waste companies disseminate sustainability, general circular economy principles, and waste recovery information. The main results significantly contribute to accounting practitioners' circular reporting, pointing out that a specific disclosure of circular impacts and collaborative models in the value chain is needed to improve higher levels of disclosure in the waste sector. Companies in the sector tend to achieve a higher level of circular accountability as they grow larger or older. Given the application of the European Union sustainability disclosure rules, the study contributes to the research debate on circular accounting and reporting. If policymakers aim to increase circular reporting, specific monitoring should be targeted to waste sector disclosure practices, particularly inter‐company and collaborative items for circular waste.
Real‐Time Implementation of Double‐Tied Cross‐Link and Series–Parallel Reconfiguration in a Solar Tree Integrated With Adaptive Voltage Interval Search Maximum Power Tracking Algorithm
Authors: A Chandra Sekhar , Ramesh Tejavathu , Isradani Tangirala
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a dual method for enhancing power output using reconfigurable solar tree through array reconfiguration and rapid global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). An in‐depth literature review on maximum power point tracking (MPPT) reveals that existing algorithms—encompassing conventional, meta‐heuristic, and selective logical algorithms—primarily utilize voltage and/or current search for peak power tracking, often at the expense of tracking time. This work introduces a new method for maximizing power extraction by addressing two key areas: improving power through photovoltaic (PV) array reconfiguration double‐tied cross‐link (DTCL) and utilizing a novel adaptive voltage interval search (AVIS)–based MPPT technique. The effectiveness of the DTCL configuration compared with the conventional series–parallel (SP) configuration is verified through MATLAB/simulation studies. Additionally, the proposed array reconfiguration with AVIS MPPT is validated on an experimental prototype using a low‐cost digital signal processor, TMS320F289D, under various conditions including partial shading and uniform irradiance. The results, which are presented and analyzed, stands on significant power savings along rapid reaching of operating point with proposed AVIS Algorithm.
Stress‐Relaxed Driver System Using Power‐Delay Efficient Level Shifters for Compute‐in‐Memory Based on the Floating Gate Devices
Authors: Yu Zhiguo , Dong Yating , Qiao Yang , Lin Zhengyuan , Gu Xuyuan , Gu Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, a stress‐relaxed driver system applied to compute‐in‐memory (CIM) is proposed for programming, reading and erasing of the CIM chip. The driver system utilizes a hierarchical regulation method to achieve accurate row and column selectivity, reducing the area overhead of the peripheral driver system for the CIM array. In order to suppress the voltage fluctuation of the power supply and ground caused by direct path currents, power‐delay efficient positive and negative voltage level shifters are proposed. The proposed level shifters allows transistors used in the driver system to switch voltages at the safe operating limit. The driver system based on 1024 2048 floating gate devices is implemented using a 65‐nm CMOS process. The driver system converts a 1.8‐V voltage‐domain input signal to a high‐voltage‐domain output voltage, which meets the requirements of operating transmissions from −10 to 9 V. The simulation results show that the maximum voltage stress in the driver system is less than 12 V, achieving a reduction of 21.9% compared to the previous study. Simultaneous switching of 256 word‐lines can be achieved across the temperature range of −40°C to 125°C with a 2‐pF capacitive load. The driver system can support the switching of the program, erase, and read modes. In the read mode, the delay remains less than 13 ns for the gate voltage of floating gate devices ranging from 3 to 7 V. We conducted the comparative analysis and simulations of the proposed level shifters to elucidate pertinent design trade‐offs. The comparison results show that the proposed level shifters exhibit significant advantages in peak current and power consumption compared with the topologies of various level shifters and have the lowest power‐delay product.
Design, Synthesis, Docking Studies, and Investigation of Dual EGFR/VEGFR‐2 Inhibitory Potentials of New Pyrazole and Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives
Authors: Alhamaky Shimaa M. , Khalil Nadia A. , Bass Amr K. A. , Osama Nada , Hassan Marwa S. A.
Published: February 2025

The anticancer potential of certain newly synthesized pyrazole and pyrazolopyridine derivatives has been estimated. NCI 60 cancer cells cytotoxic screening pointed out compounds 3e and 3f as the highest cytotoxic agents with % mean growth inhibition of 67.69% and 87.34%, respectively. The five dose outcomes outlined 3f as the most potent cytotoxic agent with promising MG‐MID GI50 = 3.3 µM when compared to erlotinib (MG‐MID GI50 = 7.68 µM). In the in vitro assays, compounds 3d, 3e, 3f, and 4a demonstrated dual inhibitory potential on EGFRWT and VEGFR‐2 with IC50 range of 0.066−0.184 µM and 0.102−0.418 µM, respectively. The best dual EGFR/VEGRF‐2 inhibitory effect was shown by the compound 3f. Moreover, the latter compound stopped the cell cycle at the G1/S phase. Also, it greatly boosted total apoptosis, including early and late apoptosis, by 54.5‐ and 84.7‐fold, respectively, which supposes HCT‐116 cell death via inducing apoptosis. This was confirmed by the elevation of the BAX and caspase‐3 levels, and the decreased BCL‐2 level. Moreover, the safety of the most active compound 3f was assessed and the results showed promising selectivity of compound 3f toward HCT‐116 over FHC (selectivity index [SI]: 20.84) when compared to erlotinib (SI: 3.42). Finally, compound 3f demonstrated efficient binding to both EGFR and VEGFR‐2 enzymes, which could explain the sufficient inhibition level of each enzyme.
Experimentation of Heterocycles (2013‐22) as Potent Pharmacophores in Drug Design of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri
Published: February 2025

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating cover (myelin sheath) of the brain and spinal cord is damaged. Demyelination results in a decreased signal transmission in the nervous system. Symptoms include double vision, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination. Genetic and viral infections have been proposed as plausible factors responsible for MS. Although there is no cure for MS, treatment prevents future attacks. At present, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibodies are the available treatments for MS. Heterocyclic compounds are currently being tested clinically for their efficacy. Some heterocyclic scaffolds have been found to be promising for the treatment of MS. In view of this, research has been conducted towards the design and discovery of chemical agents for MS. Hence, the literature relevant to drug design for MS in the last decade has been collated and described comprehensively so that it would be helpful for efficient drug design for MS in the future. Additionally, through the structure–activity relationship, the importance of crucial structural features was emphasized. The classification was primarily based on the type of heterocycle.
A Seascape Genomics Perspective on Restrictive Genetic Connectivity Overcoming Signals of Local Adaptations in the Green Abalone (Haliotis fulgens) of the California Current System
Authors: Mares‐Mayagoitia Jorge Alberto , Mejía‐Ruíz Paulina , Lafarga‐De la Cruz Fabiola , Micheli Fiorenza , Cruz‐Hernández Pedro , De‐Anda‐Montañez Juan A. , Hyde John , Hernández‐Saavedra Norma Y. , De Jesús‐Bonilla Vladimir S. , Vargas‐Peralta Carmen E. , Flores‐Morales Ana L. , Pares‐Sierra Alejandro F. , Valenzuela‐Quiñonez Fausto
Published: February 2025

Seascape genomics facilitates integrative research on eco‐evolutionary forces, such as migration and natural selection, which shape genomic connectivity and structure and provide critical insights for conservation strategies. The green abalone (Haliotis fulgens) is distributed from California, United States, to Baja California Sur, Mexico, and exposed to a latitudinal environmental gradient in the California Current System. This study aimed to investigate genomic population structure and potential local adaptations of green abalone across its distribution. The green abalone exhibits a distinctive neutral genetic structuring influenced by geographic distance and marine currents rather than local adaptations. Analyses using 9100 neutral and 17 outlier SNPs revealed three distinct populations: the North group (California to Ensenada, Baja California), a population on Guadalupe Island, and the South group (coastal locations of the Baja California peninsula). The research underscores the significance of life history traits and larval dispersal in shaping genetic connectivity. Connectivity appears to be influenced by geographic distance on neutral genetic structure, overshadowing natural selection's role. Furthermore, no genome–environment associations to sea surface temperature values were found. Future research should integrate genetic data with ocean circulation modeling to better understand the mechanisms and outcomes of larval dispersal and genetic connectivity. This study emphasizes the importance of both local and binational (USA‐Mexico) conservation efforts, suggesting the development of SNP marker panels for traceability and management. Collaborative strategies could serve as models for binational conservation initiatives in other ecoregions, promoting sustainable management and conservation of green abalone populations and other exploited species across national borders.
Ecohydrological Engineering for the Sustainable Management of Water–Biota Interactions
Authors: Perri Saverio , Levin Simon , Porporato Amilcare
Published: February 2025

Ecohydrology engineering provides a valuable framework for addressing emerging environmental challenges by integrating ecological and environmental engineering principles. In this study, we discuss the potential of parsimonious, physically based ecohydrological models through the lens of three case studies: sustainable irrigation, urban heat island mitigation via green roofs and mangrove restoration for climate change mitigation. First, we investigate sustainable irrigation strategies, illustrating the trade‐offs between water conservation and soil salinization. This highlights the delicate balance required to optimize crop yield while mitigating soil degradation. Second, we explore the role of green roofs in urban heat island mitigation, showing how vegetation and water dynamics on rooftops can enhance latent heat flux, thereby potentially reducing urban temperatures and improving building energy efficiency. Lastly, we assess the climate mitigation potential of mangrove restoration, accounting for the impacts of salinization and sea‐level rise. We demonstrate that carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems may be strongly limited by productivity reduction due to salinity and reduced area availability under sea‐level rise. These case studies illustrate the strengths of simplified ecohydrological models in capturing critical feedbacks and interdependencies between water and biota across diverse environments. By prioritizing adaptive, resilient strategies, EE offers a practical pathway for developing innovative, context‐sensitive solutions that leverage ecosystem dynamics to address pressing environmental issues.
Machine Learning Speeds Up the Discovery of Efficient Porphyrinoid Electrocatalysts for Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Hu Wenfeng , Song Bingyi , Yang Liming
Published: February 2025

Two‐dimensional transition metal porphyrinoid materials (2DTMPoidMats), due to their unique electronic structure and tunable metal active sites, have the potential to enhance interactions with nitrogen molecules and promote the protonation process, making them promising electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) electrocatalysts. Experimentally screening a large number of catalysts for eNRR catalytic performance would consume considerable time and economic resources. First‐principles calculations and machine learning (ML) algorithms could greatly improve the efficiency of catalyst screening. Using this approach, we selected 86 candidates capable of catalyzing eNRR from 1290 types of 2DTMPoidMats, and verified the results with density functional theory (DFT) computations. Analysis of the full reaction pathway shows that MoPp‐meso‐F‐β‐Py, MoPp‐β‐Cl‐meso‐Diyne, MoPp‐meso‐Ethinyl, and WPp‐β‐Pz exhibit the best catalytic performance with the onset potential of −0.22, −0.19, −0.23, and −0.35 V, respectively. This work provides valuable insights into efficient design and screening of eNRR catalysts and promotes the application of ML algorithmic models in the field of catalysis.
Refining Reduced the Number and Content of Compounds of Soybean Oil
Authors: Sun Zhaohui , Jiang Huange , Yang Yiwen , Wang Mengxu , Tong Jingmin , Zhao Lan , Luo Shunian , Wang Maoqing
Published: February 2025

To explore the effect of the refining process on the compounds of soybean oil, three different refined grade soybean oils were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography‐high‐definition mass spectrometry and chemometrics for finding the differential compounds. The results of PCA and PLS‐DA showed that three different refined grade soybean oils had the clear separation trend and the number and content of compounds in soybean crude oil (SCO) gradually reduced with the increased process of the refining. Our result indicated that the refining processes reduced the number and content of compounds in SCO. The decreased trans fatty acids and other unfavorable quality compounds (free fatty acids) suggested that the refining process was necessary. But, 108 compounds with potential function in SCO were significantly reduced during the process of the refine. Most of these compounds (daidzein, linoleamide, and stearamide, etc.) were reduced during the process of the third‐grade refine and were even not detected after the first‐grade refine. In addition, 16 compounds were not found in SCO and were detected in the refined soybean oil and increased during the refining processes. Our results suggest that refining diminishes the quantity and concentration of compounds with potential function in SCO and should be improved.