bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors through enhanced sampling methods
Authors: Singh Rahul , Bhardwaj Vijay Kumar , Das Pralay , Purohit Rituraj
Published: March 2022

Aminoarylbenzosuberene (AAB) molecules were chosen for in silico analysis to develop effective and more competent 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD1) protein inhibitors.
Chemical constituents from Carica papaya Linn. leaves as potential cytotoxic, EGFRwt and aromatase (CYP19A) inhibitors; a study supported by molecular docking
Authors: Hamed Ashraf N. E. , Abouelela Mohamed E. , El Zowalaty Ahmed E. , Badr Mohamed M. , Abdelkader Mohamed S. A.
Published: March 2022

The phytochemical investigation of the hydromethanolic extract of Carica papaya Linn. leaves (Caricaceae) resulted in the isolation and characterization of ten compounds.
Mixed-anion mixed-cation perovskite (FAPbI3)0.875(MAPbBr3)0.125: an ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Menéndez-Proupin Eduardo , Grover Shivani , Montero-Alejo Ana L. , Midgley Scott D. , Butler Keith T. , Grau-Crespo Ricardo
Published: March 2022

An atomic scale model of (FAPbI3)0.875(MAPbBr3)0.125 perovskite, used in highly efficient solar cells, is developed. Extensive molecular dynamics simulation provides electronic and dynamical properties.
Understanding the morphology evolution of 1D BiVO4 nanoarrays from nanorods to nanocones with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Yang Nengcong , Bao Yunfeng , Guo Xiangyang , Lian Juhong , Wu Chao , Qi Yu , Zhang Fuxiang
Published: March 2022

The controllable synthesis of BiVO4 nanocone and nanorod arrays is reported. The morphology transformation of BiVO4 nanoarrays is accompanied with growth mechanism transformation and the tip structure results in superior photocatalytic performance.
Solvent-free transformation of levulinic acid into valeric acid and its esters using the nickel phosphine complex and metal triflate co-catalytic system
Authors: Gan Lijin , Deng Chenqiang , Deng Jin
Published: March 2022

Neat levulinic acid is directly converted to valeric acid under mild conditions. Inexpensive and environmentally friendly non-noble metal catalysts are used.
A visual portable microfluidic experimental device with multiple electric field regulation functions
Authors: Guo Wenshang , Tao Ye , Liu Weiyu , Song Chunlei , Zhou Jian , Jiang Hongyuan , Ren Yukun
Published: March 2022

A visual portable microfluidic experimental device (PMED) with multiple electric field regulation functions is designed to realize the integration and miniaturization of microfluidic systems.
UV curing polyurethane–acrylate composites as full filling thermal interface materials
Authors: Che Yamin , Liu Cui , Li Nian , Guo Wei , Xi Min , Zhang Shudong , Wang Zhenyang
Published: March 2022

Thermally enhanced and insulating polyurethane acrylate composites can be used as fully filled TIMs by pre-filling and then UV curing.
NiOOH@Cobalt copper carbonate hydroxide nanorods as bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient water and hydrazine oxidation
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Kefeng , Ren Jingxiao , Qu Peng
Published: March 2022

NiOOH@cobalt copper carbonate hydroxide nanorods demonstrate enhanced electrocatalytic activity toward hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and oxygen evolution reaction, enabling energy-saving hydrogen production with the assistance of the HzOR.
Terphenylthiazole-based self-assembled monolayers on cobalt with high conductance photo-switching ratio for spintronics
Authors: Prudkovskiy Vladimir , Arbouch Imane , Léaustic Anne , Yu Pei , Van Dyck Colin , Guérin David , Lenfant Stéphane , Mallah Talal , Cornil Jérôme , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: March 2022

We have designed and synthesized two new terphenylthiazole photo-switches with an unprecedented conductance ratio of up to 380 between the closed and open forms on Co. They are attractive candidates for switchable molecular spintronic devices.
Chemical bond imaging using torsional and flexural higher eigenmodes of qPlus sensors
Authors: Martin-Jimenez Daniel , Ruppert Michael G. , Ihle Alexander , Ahles Sebastian , Wegner Hermann A. , Schirmeisen André , Ebeling Daniel
Published: March 2022

Non-contact atomic force microscopy (AFM) with CO-functionalized tips allows visualizing the chemical structure of individual adsorbed molecules. Particularly high image contrast is observed by exciting a torsional eigenmode of the AFM sensor.
Mechanism insights in controlling host–guest (de)complexation by thermoresponsive polymer phase transitions
Authors: Guo Hui , Le Fer Gaëlle , Tran Thi Nga , Malfait Aurélie , Hourdet Dominique , Marcellan Alba , Stoffelbach François , Lyskawa Joël , Hoogenboom Richard , Woisel Patrice
Published: March 2022

The hydrophobic interactions involved in phase separation of LCST polymers are the critical factor inducing the BBox release from the BBox/naphthalene while the host-guest complexes remain stable during phase separation of UCST polymers upon cooling.
Theoretical study of a derivative of chlorophosphine with aliphatic and aromatic Grignard reagents: SN2@P or the novel SN2@Cl followed by SN2@C?
Authors: Savoo Nandini , Rhyman Lydia , Ramasami Ponnadurai
Published: March 2022

The proposed SN2 reactions of a hindered organophosphorus reactant with aliphatic and aromatic nucleophiles [Ye et al., Org. Lett., 2017, 19, 5384–5387] were studied theoretically in order to explain the observed stereochemistry of the products.
Elucidation of the reaction mechanism on dry reforming of methane in an electric field by in situ DRIFTs
Authors: Nakano Naoya , Torimoto Maki , Sampei Hiroshi , Yamashita Reiji , Yamano Ryota , Saegusa Koki , Motomura Ayaka , Nagakawa Kaho , Tsuneki Hideaki , Ogo Shuhei , Sekine Yasushi
Published: March 2022

In the dry reforming of methane in an electric field, the reaction between CH4 molecules and surface oxygen was promoted at the interface between Pt and CeO2.
Green inhibitor of carbon steel corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid:Eruca sativaseed extract (experimental and theoretical studies)
Authors: Gadow H. S. , Fakeeh M.
Published: March 2022

The adsorption activity and inhibition effect ofEruca sativaseed extract as a green inhibitor for the dissolution of carbon steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solution were investigated.
Facile mussel-inspired polydopamine-coated 3D-printed bioreactors for continuous flow biocatalysis
Authors: T.sriwong Kotchakorn , Matsuda Tomoko
Published: March 2022

Enantiopure alcohol production by a flow system of 3D-printed bioreactor with immobilizedGeotrichum candidumacetophenone reductase (GcAPRD).
Two birds with one arrow: a functionalized Al(iii) MOF acts as a fluorometric sensor of dopamine in bio-fluids and a recyclable catalyst for the Biginelli reaction
Authors: Ghosh Subhrajyoti , Nagarjun Nagarathinam , Nandi Soutick , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Biswas Shyam
Published: March 2022

A new Al(iii) MOF showed an ultra-fast response, high selectivity and a nanomolar level detection limit for the fluorometric sensing of dopamine. It also displayed great catalytic activity in the Biginelli reaction.
A one-step solvothermal synthesis of the topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanorod-modified TiO2 photocatalyst for enhanced H2-evolution activity
Authors: Dong Lin , Wang Xuefei , Wang Ping , Yu Huogen
Published: March 2022

Topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanorods as effective cocatalysts were modified on a TiO2 surface by an EG-assisted solvothermal method to improve the photocatalytic H2-evolution activity of TiO2 due to their high conductivity and suitable Te–H bond.
A mixed target estimation fusion algorithm based on Gibbs‐GLMB and federated filter
Authors: Liu Yu , Peng Zhangming , Gao Shibo , Li Jiangning
Published: March 2022

Mixed targets are composed of point targets, extended targets, and group targets. The point target can produce one measurement at most, the extended target and the group target can produce multiple measurements, but the sub‐goals of the group target have a certain dependency relationship. At this time, the estimated fusion of the group target is converted to the estimated fusion of sub‐targets with formation motion structure, and the distance among the sub‐targets is very close, which brings difficulties to the estimated fusion of mixed targets. This paper combines the adjacency matrix in graph theory to dynamically model the discernible group target and introduces the concept of deformation. Also, it uses the finite mixture model method to dynamically model the extended target. Then the Gibbs‐GLMB algorithm is used to estimate the state and number of the mixed targets. A dynamic detection federated filter fusion algorithm is proposed to fuse the mixed targets state estimates. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified in the final simulation.
Einfluss von biometrischen Daten auf die Planung der Augenmuskeloperation
Authors: Hirnschall Nino , Malek Katharina , Kaltofen Thomas , Priglinger Siegfried , Priglinger Siegmund , Harrer Annette , Findl Oliver , Partik Gerhard
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Evaluierung des Einflusses von biometrischen Daten (Augenlänge, Vorderkammertiefe) auf die Planung der Augenmuskeloperation mithilfe einer Simulationssoftware und
„Partial-least-Squares-Regression“.

Material und Methoden In diese retrospektive Studie wurden Patienten/-innen eingeschlossen, bei denen auf einem Auge eine Augenmuskeloperation an einem oder beiden horizontalen
Augenmuskeln stattgefunden hatte. Zusätzlich wurde eine optische Biometrie durchgeführt und der Schielwinkel in der Ferne vor und nach der Augenmuskeloperation gemessen. Im nächsten Schritt
wurde die Operation mittels Simulationsprogramm (See++, RISC, Österreich) mit und ohne axiale Augenlänge simuliert und mit der tatsächlichen OP-Strecke verglichen. Im letzten Schritt wurde
dann der Einfluss verschiedener anatomischer Parameter des operierten Auges auf den postoperativen Schielwinkel untersucht. Dafür wurde zuerst eine Partial-least-Squares-Regression (variable
importance of projection, VIP) und danach ein Boot-Strapping-Verfahren verwendet.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 97 Patienten/-innen in die Studie eingeschlossen, und 92 Datensätze konnten analysiert werden. In allen Fällen wurde der Schielwinkel um mindestens 25%
reduziert und in 60% konnte eine Reduktion von mindestens 75% erreicht werden. Die Berücksichtigung der Augenlänge verbesserte die Simulation geringfügig (0,3 mm Änderung der
Operationsstrecke, Standardabweichung: 1,65 mm). Ein relevanter Einfluss konnte für die Faktoren präoperativer Schielwinkel (VIP: 1,8), gefolgt von Vorderkammertiefe (VIP: 1,0) und Alter
(VIP: 0,9) gezeigt werden. Signifikant höher war er, verglichen zu einzelnen Parametern, bei der Ratio Vorderkammertiefe/Augenlänge.

Schlussfolgerung Das verwendete Simulationsmodell konnte zeigen, dass die Verwendung der axialen Augenlänge zu einer geringen Verbesserung der Planung der Augenmuskeloperation führt.
Einen größeren Einfluss hatte allerdings die Berücksichtigung der Ratio Vorderkammertiefe/Augenlänge.
And the beat goes on … – stereotaktische Bestrahlung
von inoperablen Lebermetastasen eines Kolonkarzinoms: Innovatives Konzept bei
Oligometastasierung
Authors: Holzhauer Peter
Published: March 2022

Mit der hier vorgestellten Kasuistik wird der Krankheitsverlauf eines Patienten
mit synchron hepatisch metastasiertem Sigmakarzinom erneut aufgegriffen. Der
ungewöhnliche Erkrankungs- und Behandlungsverlauf machte es
möglich, diesen Patienten mehrfach vorzustellen. Nach dem initialen
Konzept der neoadjuvanten Systemtherapie mit noch kurativem Ansatz, wird heute
in der Situation einer hepatischen Oligometastasierung der moderne Einsatz der
Körperstereotaxie beschrieben. Begleitet wird diese innovative
Behandlungsmaßnahme durch geeignete Maßnahmen der supportiven
Komplementärmedizin.
VISION-RA: Die Interaktion zwischen Fachkräften der Gemeindepsychiatrie und Nutzenden verstehen
Authors: Anderl-Doliwa Brigitte , Anna Hajek Christina
Published: March 2022

Wie lässt sich die Verständigung zwischen Mitarbeitenden und Nutzenden von gemeindepsychiatrischen Einrichtungen verbessern und somit die Lebensqualität betroffener Menschen fördern? Ein Forschungsprojekt liefert wertvolle Impulse für die Praxis.
Statin Therapy Among Bariatric Patients: The Impact on Metabolic
Outcomes and Diabetes Status
Authors: Mendonça Fernando M , Silva Maria M , Borges-Canha Marta , Neves João S , Costa Cláudia , Cabral Pedro M. , Guerreiro Vanessa , Lourenço Rita , Meira Patrícia , Ferreira Maria J , Salazar Daniela , Pedro Jorge , Varela Ana , Souto Selma , Lau Eva , Freitas Paula , Carvalho Davide , group CRIO
Published: March 2022

Introduction Statin therapy is associated with an increased risk of
developing diabetes. Among bariatric patients, the influence of this therapy on
various metabolic outcomes, such as diabetes status and its remission, is
largely unknown.

Methods This was a retrospective study of 1710 patients who underwent
bariatric surgery at our hospital between January/2010 and
June/2017. We compared patients with and without statin therapy at
baseline, 12 and 24 months after surgery regarding statin use and its impact on
several clinical and analytical parameters. Multiple linear regression was
performed, adjusting differences for age, sex, surgery type, antidiabetic drugs
at baseline, hypertension at baseline, LDL cholesterol
˃ 130 mg/dL, weight variation one year after surgery,
and age of obesity onset.

Results The overall prevalence of statin use was 20.2% before,
13.6% 12 months after surgery, and 15.0% 24 months after
surgery. There was a larger reduction in fasting glucose and HbA1c at 12 and 24
months after surgery among statin-treated patients, with the opposite trend for
weight reduction and BMI. Statin-treated patients with diabetes had lower
diabetes remission rates (45.3 vs 68.5%) 12 months after surgery,
with the highest reduction in HbA1c (1.3±1.3 vs
−1.1±1.2%; p=0.042), fasting glucose
(−40.8±48.8 vs
−30.9±41.6 mg/dL; p=0.028), and insulin
(−21.7±28.2 vs −13.4±14.2 mIU/L;
p=0.039). The proportion of new-onset cases of diabetes was equal
between statin-treated vs non-treated individuals at 12 months (1.9%)
and 24 months (1.0%) after surgery.

Conclusion Bariatric surgery seems to lead to diabetes remission more
frequently in patients not treated with statins. A larger reduction was observed
in fasting glucose and HbA1c among statin-treated patients. Statin did not
contribute to an increased proportion of new-onset diabetes after surgery.
Evaluation of Retinal Layer Thicknesses in Patients with Keratoconus Using Retinal Layer Segmentation Analysis
Authors: Aydemir Gozde Aksoy , Kocabaş Dilara Ozkoyuncu , Bilen Abdurrahman , Aydemir Emre , Bayat Alper Halil , Oren Burak , Kiziltoprak Hasan
Published: March 2022

Objective To conduct an evaluation of the effects of irregular astigmatism on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the retinal layers observed using spectral-domain optical
coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients who had keratoconus (KC).

Materials and Methods A total of 255 eyes from 255 individuals, comprising 72 eyes of KC patients, 70 eyes of patients with astigmia, and 113 eyes of healthy controls were included
in the analysis. RNFL scan maps (comprising global, temporal, superotemporal, inferotemporal, nasal, inferonasal, and superonasal maps) and macular thickness (MT) maps of a standard from the
Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) grid were assessed. The measurements were segmented automatically using Spectralis software, and included the RNFL, inner and outer
plexiform layers (IPL, OPL), inner and outer nuclear layers (INL, ONL), ganglion cell layer, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the central 6-mm ETDRS subfield.

Results The RNFL thickness in the KC group was lower when compared with the other two groups; however, statistically significant differences were noted in the global, temporal,
superotemporal, and inferotemporal sectors (p < 0.05 for all). All of the central MT parameters showed significant variation among the groups, while a statistically significant decrease
was noted in the KC group, except in the inferior outer sector (p = 0.741). In the segmentation analysis, the KC group had the significantly lowest IPL, ONL, RPE, and outer retinal layer
(ORL) thickness among the groups (p < 0.05 for each). The astigmatic group was similar to the control group with regard to these parameters (p > 0.05 for each).

Conclusion The eyes in the KC group appeared to have a thinner RNFL and MT when compared to those in the astigmatic and control groups. The ORLs, especially the ONL and RPE, were the
most affected component of the macula in the KC group.
First interobserver agreement of optical coherence tomography in the bile duct: A multicenter collaborative study
Authors: Tyberg Amy , Raijman Isaac , Gaidhane Monica , Trindade Arvind J. , Shahid Haroon , Sarkar Avik , Samarasena Jason , Andalib Iman , Diehl David L. , Pleskow Douglas K. , Woods Kevin E. , Gordon Stuart R. , Pannala Rahul , Kedia Prashant , Draganov Peter V. , Tarnasky Paul R. , Sejpal Divyesh V. , Kumta Nikhil A. , Parasher Gulshan , Adler Douglas G. , Patel Kalpesh , Yang Dennis , Siddiqui Uzma , Kahaleh Michel , Joshi Viren
Published: March 2022

Background and study aims Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new technology available for evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. It allows under-the-surface visualization and preliminary studies have confirmed standardized characteristics associated with malignancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the first interobserver agreement in identifying previously agreed upon OCT criteria and diagnosing of malignant versus benign disease.

Patients and methods Fourteen endoscopists were asked to review an atlas of reference clips and images of eight criteria derived from expert consensus A total of 35 de-identified video clips were then evaluated for presence of the eight criteria and for final diagnosis of malignant versus benign using the atlas as reference Intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis was done to evaluate interrater agreement.

Results Clips of 23 malignant lesions and 12 benign lesions were scored. Excellent interobserver agreement was seen with dilated hypo-reflective structures (0.85) and layering effacement (0.89); hyper-glandular mucosa (0.76), intact layering (0.81), and onion-skin layering (0.77); fair agreement was seen with scalloping (0.58), and thickened epithelium (0.4); poor agreement was seen with hyper-reflective surface (0.36). The diagnostic ICC for both neoplastic (0.8) and non-neoplastic (0.8) was excellent interobserver agreement. The overall diagnostic accuracy was 51 %, ranging from 43 % to 60 %.

Conclusions Biliary OCT is a promising new modality for evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures. Interobserver agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect on eight previously identified criteria. Interobserver agreement for malignancy diagnosis was substantial (0.8). Further studies are needed to validate this data.
Pillar[4]arene[1]thioarenes: Synthesis and Host–Guest Binding Properties
Authors: Limpanuparb Taweetham , Bunchuay Thanthapatra , Khanthong Adisorn , Khamphaijun Korawit , Ruengsuk Araya , Docker Andrew , Tantirungrotechai Jonggol
Published: March 2022

The synthesis and characterization of a novel class of pillar[4]arene[1]thioarenes (P[4]A[1]SMe) are reported. An oxidation–thionation strategy was used to replace a single dialkoxybenzene panel in the parent pillar[5]arene. 1H NMR spectroscopic titration experiments, supported by density functional theory computational studies, revealed that P[4]A[1]SMe show starkly modulated host–guest binding properties for electron-deficient aliphatic guests.
2,3-Diaryl-1,1,4,4-tetracyanobutadienes as Colorimetric Sensors for Sulfide Ion in Aqueous Media
Authors: Rashatasakhon Paitoon , Pham Quynh Nguyen Nhu , Silpcharu Komthep , Vchirawongkwin Viwat , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol
Published: March 2022

Two diaryl derivatives of 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene were synthesized for use as colorimetric ion sensors in aqueous media. The key synthetic step involved a [2+2]-cycloaddition/retro-cycloaddition between an electron-rich diarylethyne and electron-deficient tetracyanoethene. The compound bearing two sulfonamide groups showed good selectivity toward hydrogen sulfide ion, with a detection limit of 15.5 μM. The use of this sensor for the quantitative analysis of hydrogen sulfide ion in water samples was successfully demonstrated.
Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Modern Organic Synthesis
Authors: Dohi Toshifumi , Zhdankin Viktor V , Kumar Ravi , Rimi Rimi , Soni Sakshi , Uttam Bhawna , China Hideyasu
Published: March 2022

Hypervalent iodine (HVI) reagents have gained much attention as versatile oxidants because of their low toxicity, mild reactivity, easy handling, and availability. Despite their unique reactivity and other advantageous properties, stoichiometric HVI reagents are associated with the disadvantage of generating non-recyclable iodoarenes as waste/co-products. To overcome these drawbacks, the syntheses and utilization of various recyclable hypervalent iodine reagents have been established in recent years. This review summarizes the development of various recyclable non-polymeric, polymer-supported, ionic-liquid-supported, and metal–organic framework (MOF)-hybridized HVI reagents.

1 Introduction

2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

2.1 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

2.2 Polymer-Supported Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents

3 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

3.1 Non-Polymeric Recyclable Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents

3.2 Recyclable Non-Polymeric Hypervalent Iodine(V) Reagents

3.3 Fluorous Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

4 Ionic-Liquid/Ion-Supported Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

5 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)-Hybridized Hypervalent Iodine Reagents

6 Conclusion
COVID-19 and the second exams fiasco across the UK: four nations trying to avoid immediate policy failure
Authors: Kippin Sean , Cairney Paul
Published: March 2022

In 2021, the UK and devolved governments tried to avoid the school exams fiasco of 2020. Their immediate marker of success was to prevent a similar U-turn on their COVID-19 school exams replacement policies. They still cancelled the traditional exam format, and sought teacher assessments to determine their grades, but this time without using an algorithm to standardise the results. The outcomes produced some concerns about inequity, since the unequal exam results are similar to those experienced in 2020. However, we did not witness the same sense of acute political crisis. We explain these developments by explaining this year’s ‘windows of opportunity’ overseen by four separate governments, in which the definition of the problem, feasibility of each solution, and motive of policymakers to select one, connects strongly to the previous U-turn. A policy solution that had been rejected during the first window became a lifeline during the second and a likely choice during the third. This action solved an immediate crisis despite exacerbating the problem that ministers had previously sought to avoid (‘grade inflation’). It produced another year of stark education inequity, but also ensured that inequity went from part of an acute political crisis to its usual status as a chronic low-attention policy problem.
Producing electricity from temperature gradients using transverse spin current
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: March 2022

The proposed mechanism combines multiple thermoelectric effects to generate electricity.
Freezing instead of freeze-drying before spectroscopy preserves sample surface structure
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2022

Cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy can be used to study the surface chemistry of hydrated, frozen bacteria and other biological samples
On the nature of thermally activated defects in n-type FZ silicon grown in nitrogen atmosphere
Authors: Scheffler L. , Lei A. , Duun S. , Julsgaard B.
Published: March 2022

n-type float-zone silicon grown in a nitrogen atmosphere contains defects which are activated by temperatures between 450 and 700 °C. We use deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) to study the nature of these defects and the impact of the nitrogen content and the polysilicon feed stock type. We find four dominant DLTS peaks with activation energies of Ena = 0.16 eV (E1), Ena = 0.21 eV (E2), Ena = 0.34 eV (E4), and Ena = 0.64 eV (E6). We tentatively assign the two DLTS peaks E1 and E2 to single acceptor and single donor levels of the same defect, a complex of nitrogen with an impurity. Furthermore, we tentatively assign the two DLTS peaks labeled E4 and E6 to two levels of the off-center substitutional nitrogen. Based on the apparent electron capture cross sections and an analysis of the electric field effect on the emission rates, we propose them to be double and single acceptor levels, respectively. Due to its position at midgap and the competing electron and hole emission, the apparent concentration of E6 is reduced to one fifth of the total defect concentration. Correcting for these processes, we find the activation energies for electron and hole emission to be En = 0.50 eV and Ep = 0.68 eV.
Impact of the processing temperature on the laser-based crystallization of chemical solution deposited lead zirconate titanate thin films on short timescales
Authors: Fink S. , Lübben J. , Schneller T. , Vedder C. , Böttger U.
Published: March 2022

In this work, the laser-based annealing process of sol-gel-derived piezoelectric PZT53/47 (lead zirconate titanate) thin films deposited on platinized silicon substrates is investigated. A temperature control closed loop is implemented to allow for the measurement and control of the annealing temperature. Samples are treated at temperatures of up to 900 °C and heating rates between 300 and 9000 K/s in ambient conditions. The results show that highly functional PZT thin films can be crystallized at interaction times of less than 1 s while exhibiting a remanent polarization of up to 28 μC/cm2 and a piezoelectric coefficient of up to 49 pm/V. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that an intermetallic Pt3Pb phase forms prior to the formation of phase pure PZT. With decreasing interaction time between the laser beam and the thin film, the temperature range in which this Pt3Pb phase is stable extends toward temperatures as high as 900 °C without the formation of phase pure PZT. Furthermore, a decrease in the interaction time requires higher annealing temperatures to form fully crystalline PZT thin films. Scanning electron microscope images reveal that short interaction times shift the nucleation of the PZT thin films from epitaxial to heterogeneous nucleation. Overall, it is demonstrated that the crystallization time of chemical solution deposited PZT thin films can be reduced significantly by using laser radiation.
Heteroatom-doped carbon anode materials for potassium-ion batteries: From mechanism, synthesis to electrochemical performance
Authors: Wang Yang , Yuan Fei , Li Zhaojin , Zhang Di , Yu Qiyao , Wang Bo
Published: March 2022

Carbonaceous materials are attractive anode candidates for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) because of their cost-effectiveness, high conductivity, and considerable architecture. However, these carbon materials usually exhibit slow diffusion kinetics and huge volume variation induced by the large ionic size of K-ions, resulting in poor rate capability and cycling stability. Compared to pure carbon, heteroatom (N, S, P, and O)-doped carbons can well improve potassium storage performance by optimizing K-adsorption ability and conductivity, and, hence, exhibit a significant potential in PIBs. This review in-detail summarizes the recent progress of heteroatom-doped carbon anodes based on potassium storage mechanism, design or synthesis strategies, and electrochemical performance, mainly including single-, bi-, and tri-element doped carbons. Moreover, some critical issues and possible solutions for the development of heteroatom-doped carbon in the future are discussed. This review aims at providing a deep insight into the understanding, designing, and application of heteroatom-doped carbon anodes in PIBs and is expected to make an obvious effect on the exploration of other anodes.
The onset of heterogeneity in the pinch-off of suspension drops
Authors: Thiévenaz Virgile , Sauret Alban
Published: March 2022

Significance

The pinch-off of a liquid drop extruded from a nozzle is a canonical situation that involves a series of self-similar regimes ending in a finite-time singularity. This configuration allows for exploring capillary flows over a large range of scales. In the case of suspension drops, the presence of particles breaks the self-similarity by introducing a length scale that can be much larger than the particle diameter. This length scale is a signature of the heterogeneities and delimitates a regime, in which a continuum approach of a suspension can be used from a regime where the discrete nature of the particles is involved.
Sympatric speciation of the spiny mouse from Evolution Canyon in Israel substantiated genomically and methylomically
Authors: Wang Yinjia , Qiao Zhenglei , Mao Leyan , Li Fang , Liang Xiaolong , An Xuan , Zhang Shangzhe , Liu Xi , Kuang Zhuoran , Wan Na , Nevo Eviatar , Li Kexin
Published: March 2022

Significance

Whether sympatric speciation (SS) is rare or common is still debated. Two populations of the spiny mouse,Acomys cahirinus, from Evolution Canyon I (EC I) in Israel have been depicted earlier as speciating sympatrically by molecular markers and transcriptome. Here, we investigated SS both genomically and methylomically, demonstrating that the opposite populations of spiny mice are sister taxa and split from the common ancestor around 20,000 years ago without an allopatric history. Mate choice, olfactory receptors, and speciation genes contributed to prezygotic/postzygotic reproductive isolation. The two populations showed different methylation patterns, facilitating adaptation to their local environment. They cope with abiotic and biotic stresses, due to high solar interslope radiation differences. We conclude that our new genomic and methylomic data substantiated SS.
Marking statements of fact in early pidgins
Authors: Versteegh Kees
Published: March 2022

The particle fi is used in Classical Arabic as a local and temporal preposition, ‘in’. In the
contemporary Arabic dialects, it has the same meaning, but in addition it is used in some dialects as an existential, ‘there
is/are’. In a number of Arabic work-related pidgins, such as Gulf Pidgin Arabic and Pidgin Madame, fi has
acquired new functions. It does not only denote nominal predication, location, and possession, but is also used in combination
with verbal forms. Several proposals have been made to explain this use of fī. Avram (2012) regards fī as a progressive aspect marker, while Potsdam & Alanazi (2014) deny the verbal nature of the construction and regard fī as
a copula. Bakir (2014) analyzes fī as a marker of verbality of the
predicate. The present paper suggests that the general function of fi is to mark the link between topic and focus
as assertive rather than modal and looks for parallels of this use in a few other work-related pidgins.
Succès ou échec?
Authors: Beullens Pieter
Published: March 2022

Cet article se propose de reconnaître le chemin suivi par les traités zoologiques d’Aristote dans le monde latin. Michel Scot était le premier à les rendre accessibles en version latine. Environ quarante ans plus tard, Guillaume de Moerbeke a entrepris le même travail, pour laquelle il s’est directement basé sur le grec. Bien que les deux versions aient connu un succès considérable à en juger par le nombre de manuscrits conservés, les voies par lesquelles ces derniers ont été répandus étaient bien distinctes et dépendaient d’événements plus ou moins contingents ou ciblés. Cependant, une autre version latine médiévale des Parties des animaux d’Aristote, dont le traducteur est probablement Barthelémy de Messine, a à peine survécu. Il semble possible que la traduction ait fait partie d’une entreprise beaucoup plus ambitieuse.

Deux siècles plus tard, deux traducteurs latins se sont concurrencés sur le domaine de la zoologie aristotélicienne. La traduction de Georges Trapezuntius a connu une diffusion respectable en forme manuscrite, mais elle n’a guère influencé l’histoire intellectuelle. En revanche, la version latine de Théodore Gaza a immédiatement conquis les presses émergentes et le goût des savants.1
“Fuchs und Rabe”
Authors: Hashemi Faranak
Published: March 2022

Abstrakt

Fabeln haben sich im Laufe der Jahrhunderte und in unterschiedlichen kulturellen Kontexten kontinuierlich
gewandelt. Sie erfahren neue Bedeutungen und neue Verwendungen, indem sie den gesellschaftlichen Gegebenheiten der Zeit angepasst
werden. Die genauere Untersuchung von Zeichnungen, Karikaturen und Cartoons bezogen auf bestimmte Fabeln erwiesen sich dabei
häufig als instruktiv. So hat auch die Untersuchung einiger Cartoons aus iranischen Medien bezüglich der Fabel “Rabe und Fuchs” zu
interessanten Resultaten geführt, zumal es oft bei solchen Bildern kaum einer Erklärung bedarf, um die Bedeutung des Gemeinten
ebenso in einem anderen kulturellen Kontext zu verstehen.
Entre savoir livresque et observation vécue
Authors: Meyers Jean
Published: March 2022

Comme dans presque toute la littérature du Moyen Âge, l’animal chez Fabri est le plus souvent considéré comme
objet de connaissance, indépendamment de toute tonalité affective, et intervient comme instrument du sens. L’animal, réel ou
imaginaire, peut donc être décrit d’après le miroir déformant de l’érudition livresque de l’auteur, comme c’est le cas dans la
description de l’unicorne, du pélican ou du phénix. Il peut aussi être décrit par souci documentaire ou par goût pour les
mirabilia, qu’il s’agisse de surprendre le lecteur et de satisfaire sa curiosité ou de fournir des
renseignements pratiques. C’est le cas dans l’évocation, avant le départ pour le Sinaï, des ânes et des chameaux, animaux mieux
adaptés à la traversée du désert que les chevaux. Le goût pour les animaux inconnus et les mirabilia explique
aussi la description des crocodiles et hippopotames, de la civette, du léopard, des autruches, perroquets, girafes, lions, ours et
singes, tout comme celle de monstres imaginaires, tel le Troyp, sorte de licorne de mer qui perfore les navires.
Il y a cependant aussi chez Fabri plusieurs passages dans lesquels l’auteur parle des animaux avec un attachement affectif évident
ou dans lesquels il les utilise comme ressort narratif.
Tradition classique, transmission du savoir professionnel et expérience de visu dans la Mascalcia de Dino Dini
Authors: Vitale-Brovarone Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Dino Dini, vétérinaire actif à Florence au XIVe siècle, laisse dans sa Mascalcia un précieux témoignage des rapports entre les textes classiques, les sources contemporaines et l’expérience personnelle. L’attention de l’auteur pour la morphologie des races de chevaux (en particulier les chevaux de la Sardaigne) met en valeur ses talents d’observateur direct de la nature, qui se manifeste aussi dans des nouvelles techniques médicales et chirurgicales, et dans une très fine attention pour l’animal en tant que personne.
Communication of radiation risk from imaging studies: an IAEA-coordinated international survey
Authors: Vassileva Jenia , Zewde Nahom Tizita , Reim Martin , Holmberg Ola , Rehani Madan M
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this IAEA-coordinated international study was to understand aspects related to the communication of radiation risk from imaging studies, such as how often imaging department personnel and referring physicians are asked about radiation risks in diagnostic imaging, who asks about these risks, how often professionals are able to provide satisfactory answers using qualitative metrics and how often quantitative risk estimates are needed. A web-based questionnaire with ten questions was completed by 386 healthcare professionals from 63 countries from all four continents, including clinicians/referring physicians (42.5%), radiologists or nuclear medicine physicians (26.7%), medical physicists (23.1%), radiographers/radiological technologists (6.2%) and others (1.6%). The results indicate that radiation risk-related questions are largely asked by patients (73.1%) and parents of child patients (38.6%), and 78% of the professionals believe they are able to answer those questions using qualitative metrics such as very small/minimal, small, medium rather than number of cancers likely occurring. The vast majority, with over three times higher frequency, indicated the purpose of knowing previous radiological exams as ‘both clinical information and radiation exposure history’ rather than ‘only clinical information’. Nearly two-thirds of the clinicians/referring physicians indicated that knowing the radiation exposure history of the patient will affect their decision-making for the next exam, as against only about one-fifth who said ‘no, it will not affect their decision-making’. The same question, when addressed to radiologists, resulted in a slightly larger fraction of about three-quarters who said ‘yes’, as opposed to a smaller fraction of about 12% who said ‘no, it will not affect their decision-making’. Mapping the present situation of communication of benefits and risks for patients is important and may be the basis of further analysis, regular monitoring and possibly a target for clinical audits. Further studies focused on specific professional groups might help in obtaining á deeper understanding of the need for practical communication tools.
Determination of tidal volume by electrical impedance tomography (EIT) after indirect two-point calibration
Authors: Mosing Martina , Cheong Jesslyn M , Müller Beat , Böhm Stephan H , Hosgood Giselle , Raisis Anthea
Published: March 2022

Objective. A linear relationship between impedance change (ΔZ) measured by thoracic electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and tidal volume (VT) has been demonstrated. This study evaluated the agreement between the displayed VT calculated by the EIT software (VTEIT) and spirometry (VTSPIRO) after an indirect two-point calibration.Approach.The EIT software was programmed to execute a bedside two-point calibration from the subject-specific, linear equation defining the relationship between ΔZand VTSPIROand displaying VTEITbreath-by-breath in 20 neutered male, juvenile pigs. After EIT calibration VTs of 8, 12, 16 and 20 ml kg−1were applied to the lungs. VTEITand VTSPIROwere recorded and analysed using Bland–Altman plot for multiple subject measurements. Volumetric capnography (VCap) and spirometry data were explored as components of variance using multiple regression.Main results.A mean relative difference (bias) of 0.7% with 95% confidence interval (CI) of −10.4% to 10.7% were found between VTEITand VTSPIROfor the analysed data set. The variance in VTEITcould not be explained by any of the measured VCap or spirometry variables.Significance.The narrow CI estimated in this study allows the conclusion that EIT and its software can be used to measure and accurately convert ΔZinto mililitre VT at the bedside after applying an indirect two-point calibration.
8 mJ 355 nm 1 kHz burst-mode picosecond laser systems
Authors: Wang C L , Chen M , Xiang H P , Zhang Z Y , Tao R Q
Published: March 2022

This paper presents an 8 mJ 355 nm 1 kHz burst-mode picosecond laser system, where the energy of each subpulse in the burst mode is 2 mJ. Under optimal operational conditions, a noncritical phase-matched LiB3O5 (LBO) crystal and a type-II angle- and phase-matched LBO crystal are used as the second- and third-harmonic generation crystals, respectively. The largest conversion efficiency from 1064 nm to 355 nm was 38%, and the highest output power at 355 nm was 8 W; further, the beam quality was measured as

M

x
2

=
2.46

and

M

y
2

=
2.84

.
Dynamic range and linearity improvement for zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometer
Authors: Yin Kai-Feng , Lu Ji-Xi , Lu Fei , Li Bo , Zhou Bin-Quan , Ye Mao
Published: March 2022

Zero-field single-beam atomic magnetometers with transverse parametric modulation for ultra-weak magnetic field detection have attracted widespread attention recently. In this study, we present a comprehensive response model and propose a modification method of conventional first harmonic response by introducing the second harmonic correction. The proposed modification method gives improvement in dynamic range and reduction of linearity error. Additionally, our modification method shows suppression of response instability caused by optical intensity and frequency fluctuations. An atomic magnetometer with single-beam configuration is built to compare the performance between our proposed method and the conventional method. The results indicate that our method’s magnetic field response signal achieves a 5-fold expansion of dynamic range from 2 nT to 10 nT, with the linearity error decreased from 5% to 1%. Under the fluctuations of 5% for optical intensity and ±15 GHz detuning of frequency, the proposed modification method maintains intensity-related instability less than 1% and frequency-related instability less than 8% while the conventional method suffers 15% and 38%, respectively. Our method is promising for future high-sensitive and long-term stable optically pumped atomic sensors.
Isotropic negative thermal expansion and its mechanism in tetracyanidoborate salt CuB(CN)4
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Gao Qilong , Sanson Andrea , Jia Yu
Published: March 2022

The control of thermal expansion is essential in applications where thermal stability is required from fiber optics coatings, high performance fuel cell cathodes to tooth fillings. Negative thermal expansion (NTE) materials, although rare, are fundamental for this purpose. This work focuses on studying tetracyanidoborate salt CuB(CN)4, an interesting cubic-structure material that displays large isotropic NTE. A joint study of synchrotron x-ray diffraction, temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy, and lattice dynamics calculations was conducted, showing that not only low-frequency optical modes (transverse thermal vibrations of N and C atoms) but also the acoustic modes (the vibrations of Cu atoms as a collective torsion of the neighboring atoms), contribute to NTE. As a result, new insights were gained into the NTE mechanism of CuB(CN)4 and related framework materials.
Characterize the grid inefficiency correction of Frisch grid ionization chamber with Garfield and SRIM
Authors: Chen H.F. , Zheng P. , Sun X.J. , Xiao J. , Zhu T.H. , Sun J.J. , Zhu J.Y. , Li Z.H. , Cao Y. , Yan J.
Published: March 2022

Grid inefficiency (GI) correction is critically important to
accurately determine the energy and emission angle of charged
particles in Frisch grid ionization chambers (FGIC). Presently,
three correction methods have been proposed in the literature. All
these three methods rely strongly on the accurate and stable
calibration between two different electrical chain gains in
experiments. To avoid these challenges, they are firstly
investigated with Monte Carlo method by using Garfield and SRIM
toolkit. Two types of grid wire (diameter 90 and 180 μm) were
simulated to investigate the impacts of GI correction on energy
correction, and ten different emission angles were adopted to
estimate the effects of these correction methods on the angle
reconstruction. The simulation results clearly distinguished the
differences among these correction methods in energy
determination. The correlation analysis (R = 0.99) among these
different correction methods indicated that the impact of either
correction approach is small on the determination of emission
angle. The present work firstly investigates the effects of GI
correction on emission angle with Monte Carlo methods, which is the
basis of future work to measure the total kinetic energy and mass
distribution of Fission Fragment (FF).
Optimization design and test of the Booster Ring dipole magnet in HIAF
Authors: Zhang X. , Ma L.Z. , Wu W. , Yang W.J. , Zhao L.X. , Yang J. , Lv M.B. , Mei E.M. , Chen Y.Q. , Zhang J.J. , You W. , Feng W.T. , Jin L.A. , Chen G.Q. , Yao Q.G.
Published: March 2022

The High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF), proposed by the Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IMP), is being designed to provide primary and radioactive intense beams for nuclear and related research. As an important part of HIAF, the Booster Ring (BRing) is a fast ramping synchrotron and is used to obtain high intensity (238U35+, 1 × 1011 ppp) and high energy (0.835 GeV/u) heavy-ion beam. Moreover, the beam rigidity of the Booster Ring varies widely from 1 Tm to 34 Tm. These require the dipole of Booster Ring to have a large-good field region, a high magnetic field homogeneity, and a wide range of magnetic field variation from 0.047 T to 1.58 T. Aiming at the properties of the dipole magnet, we adopt some new methods to improve magnetic field precision and optimize efficiency. Double symmetrical air holes in the magnet pole are used to guarantee the magnetic field homogeneity under a wide magnetic field range. At the same time, the linear programming algorithm is adopted to optimize the integral magnetic field uniformity of the iron-dominated dipole magnet, which improves the integral magnetic field precision and optimization efficiency. So far, the prototype dipole magnet has been fabricated and tested. Through magnetic field optimization, measurement, and secondary trimming, the measurement results satisfy the physical requirements.
Modelling neural entrainment and its persistence: influence of frequency of stimulation and phase at the stimulus offset
Authors: Otero Mónica , Lea-Carnall Caroline , Prado Pavel , Escobar María-José , El-Deredy Wael
Published: March 2022

Neural entrainment, the synchronization of brain oscillations to the frequency of an external stimuli, is a key mechanism that shapes perceptual and cognitive processes. Objective. Using simulations, we investigated the dynamics of neural entrainment, particularly the period following the end of the stimulation, since the persistence (reverberation) of neural entrainment may condition future sensory representations based on predictions about stimulus rhythmicity. Methods. Neural entrainment was assessed using a modified Jansen-Rit neural mass model (NMM) of coupled cortical columns, in which the spectral features of the output resembled that of the electroencephalogram (EEG). We evaluated spectro-temporal features of entrainment as a function of the stimulation frequency, the resonant frequency of the neural populations comprising the NMM, and the coupling strength between cortical columns. Furthermore, we tested if the entrainment persistence depended on the phase of the EEG-like oscillation at the time the stimulus ended. Main Results. The entrainment of the column that received the stimulation was maximum when the frequency of the entrainer was within a narrow range around the resonant frequency of the column. When this occurred, entrainment persisted for several cycles after the stimulus terminated, and the propagation of the entrainment to other columns was facilitated. Propagation also depended on the resonant frequency of the second column, and the coupling strength between columns. The duration of the persistence of the entrainment depended on the phase of the neural oscillation at the time the entrainer terminated, such that falling phases (from π/2 to 3π/2 in a sine function) led to longer persistence than rising phases (from 0 to π/2 and 3π/2 to 2π). Significance. The study bridges between models of neural oscillations and empirical electrophysiology, providing insights to the mechanisms underlying neural entrainment and the use of rhythmic sensory stimulation for neuroenhancement.