bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF SOME MODERN ANTHELMINTICS AND PINEAPPLE LEAVES WITH THEIR EFFECTS ON CERTAIN BLOOD PARAMETERS AND BODY WEIGHT GAIN IN CALVES
Authors: Islam SA , Rahman MM , Hossain MA , Chowdhury MGA , Mostafa M
Published: June 2015

A twenty five calves of naturally infected with ascarid parasites were treated with different modern anthelmintics and pineapple leaves to study the comparative efficacy during the period from January to September 1997. The calves were divided into five groups. Groups A, B, C, D were treated with ivermectin (200 ?g / kg SC), albendazole (7.5 mg / kg orally), piperazine citrate (200 mg / kg orally) and pineapple leaves extract (1g / kg orally) respectively and group E was kept as untreated control. On the basis of faecal egg count of ascaris in calves, ivermectin was found to be more effective (100%), followed by piperazine citrate (100% at 28th day of post-treatment), albendazole (92.95% at 28th day of post-treatment) and pineapple leaves extract (51.21% at 7th day). Total erythrocyte count (TEC), haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV) values significantly (p < 0.05) increased while erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased following treatment. Body weights of treated calves were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in treated calves than the control. Therefore, ivermectin, albendazole and piperazine citate could be used against ascariasis in calves. Although efficacy of pineapple leaves was not encouraging but it may be used as a substitute for other anthelmintics.
Maximum Entropy Rate Reconstruction of Markov Dynamics
Authors: Chliamovitch Gregor , Dupuis Alexandre , Chopard Bastien
Published: June 2015

We develop ideas proposed by Van der Straeten to extend maximum entropy principles to Markov chains. We focus in particular on the convergence of such estimates in order to explain how our approach makes possible the estimation of transition probabilities when only short samples are available, which opens the way to applications to non-stationary processes. The current work complements an earlier communication by providing numerical details, as well as a full derivation of the multi-constraint two-state and three-state maximum entropy transition matrices.
The Biodiversity Offsetting Dilemma: Between Economic Rationales and Ecological Dynamics
Authors: Calvet Coralie , Napoléone Claude , Salles Jean-Michel
Published: June 2015

Although many countries have included biodiversity offsetting (BO) requirements in their environmental regulations over the past four decades, this mechanism has recently been the object of renewed political interest. Incorporated into the mitigation hierarchy in three steps aimed at avoiding, reducing and offsetting residual impacts on biodiversity arising from development projects, BO is promoted as the way to achieve the political goal of No Net Loss of biodiversity (NNL). The recent success of BO is mainly based on its ability to provide economic incentives for biodiversity conservation. However, the diversity of BO mechanisms (direct offsets, banking mechanism and offsetting funds) and the various institutional frameworks within which they are applied generate substantial confusion about their economic and ecological implications. In this article, we first analyze the rationale for the BO approach from the welfare and ecological economics. We show that both these frameworks support the use of BO to address environmental externalities, but that they differ in how they consider the substitutability issue and levels of sustainability with regard to natural and manufactured capital, and in how they address ecological concerns. We then examine the economic and ecological performance criteria of BO from conceptual and empirical perspectives. We highlight that the three BO mechanisms involve different economic and ecological logics and inherent benefits, but also potential risks in meeting biodiversity conservation targets. We lastly investigate the ecological constraints with respect to the BO practice, and economic and organizational limitations of the BO system that may impede achievement of NNL goals. We then reveal the existence of a tension between the economic and ecological rationales in conducting BO that requires making choices about the NNL policy objectives. Finally, this article questions the place of BO in conservation policies and discusses the trade-off between political will and ecological opportunities involved in the BO approach.
Modelés karstiques, circulation souterraine et alimentation des lacs à sédimentation carbonatée du Bassin de Taoudenni, Sahara Malien (Karst forms, underground circulation and feeding of the lakes with carbonate deposits of the basin of Taoudenni, malian Sahara)
Authors: Riser Jean
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The lake basin of Taoudenni presents two principal holocene lakes, the one is salted (Taoudenni) the second is carbonated (Haijad).

The complexity of the aquifers and the presence of geological calcareous and evaporitic series explain these differences.

The carbonate deposits of the Haijad lake (8300 BP-4500 BP) show that it is feed by karst springs. On the back slope of the namurian limestones some karst forms are observed : lapiez, dolines, dry valleys. An aquifer feed come to the Hoggar, across the Tanezrouft seems very problematic.
Les mots, les chiffres et les espaces du chômage (Words, numbers and spaces of unemployment)
Authors: Montagné Villette Solange
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The statutary and structural changes of the work leed to an encreasing abolition of the unemployement limits. It needs vocabulary, statistic and spatial clarifications with a different scale geographic approach.
Les hymnes dans le discours méthodiste
Authors: Van Noppen Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2015

L’approche « pragmastylistique » des hymnes wesleyens relève d’une étude plus vaste, qui cherche à exonérer le discours méthodiste des accusations de manipulation de la masse ouvrière par le biais de la religion (répétition lexicale, imagerie perverse, induction à l’hypnose ou hystérie collective). Les hymnes que le méthodisme a littéralement produits par milliers ont « donné des ailes aux doctrines du Réveil » (J. E. Rattenbury) et assuré au message méthodiste un impact à la fois émotif et mnémonique étonnant, quel que fût le degré d’illettrisme des audiences ciblées. Jean-Pierre van Noppen * montre que ces hymnes ont disséminé un message d’espoir et d’amour avec plus d’efficacité que tout autre medium. Une analyse statistico-lexicale révèle que les accusations formulées par le camp marxiste sont basées le plus souvent sur des faits isolés, qui n’étaient ni aussi systématiquement combinés, ni aussi représentatifs du discours méthodiste que les critiques ne voudraient le faire croire.
À cause du soleil, j’haine où ?
Authors: Charrier Thérèse
Published: June 2015

Cet article, à partir de L’étranger de Camus, explore la haine structurale prise dans le processus du démenti ou dans le processus du refoulement. Il pose la question du traitement possible de la haine, ce dernier ne pouvant faire l’économie de l’expérience de la jouissance de la haine.
La naissance en mutation, un enjeu pour la sociologie ?
Authors: Clavandier Gaëlle , Charrier Philippe
Published: June 2015

Les naissances n’ont plus vocation à « perpétuer un monde immobile ». Elles s’inscrivent dans un monde ouvert, un environnement fait d’incertitudes et de désirs. Au-delà des mutations démographiques et de la politique en matière de natalité en France qui interviennent à une échelle macro, deux mouvements antinomiques à bien des égards ont contribué à façonner « la naissance ». La médicalisation qui a pour corollaire une professionnalisation de l’accompagnement et une organisation établie sur le modèle du risque obstétrical, inscrit la naissance dans des dispositifs prescrits faisant de la parturiente essentiellement une patiente. Cette administration des naissances, assimilable à un biopouvoir, peine aujourd’hui à instituer car elle tend à réduire la naissance au suivi de grossesse, puis à l’accouchement, alors que les parents l’inscrivent dans un tout autre régime de temporalité. Donner naissance est un événement, qui s’initie par un projet jusqu’à l’expérience de la parentalité. Cette valorisation de l’intime va de pair avec un rapport authentique à l’enfant. Article de synthèse, ce texte vise à identifier les enjeux relatifs à la naissance et au naître en déplaçant le curseur d’études empiriques, vers une perspective plus globale. Étudier l’entrée des individus dans la vie, ce qui fait l’existence d’un être humain reconnu socialement, pourrait être le principal objectif des travaux à venir.
Valorisation des « compétences parentales » et contrôle des risques dans l’accompagnement des parents : les ambivalences de la « contractualisation » en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Lacroix Isabelle
Published: June 2015

Dans un contexte législatif qui promeut le droit des usagers, cet article analyse le travail socio-éducatif de professionnelles auprès de parents, au sein de mesures dites « contractuelles » en protection de l’enfance. Il s’appuie sur un travail empirique qui croise entretiens collectifs et individuels auprès d’assistantes sociales, de cadres associatifs, d’éducatrices, de psychologues de dix dispositifs et de quelques parents. Le recueil d’archives et l’observation du travail d’inspectrices de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance (ASE) complètent ces données. Nous mettons en lumière combien les normes et activités de ces professionnelles sont transformées par les logiques à l’œuvre dans l’action publique de « soutien à la parentalité ». Dans un second temps, nous montrons que la forte implication parentale demandée dans ce type de mesures rencontre des limites avec certains parents. Ce mouvement de contractualisation dans le champ de la protection de l’enfance témoigne de l’évolution des modalités de l’intervention sociale où l’idéologie de la responsabilisation individuelle est prégnante.
Motivating Course Completion in Executive Development
Authors: Foster David
Published: June 2015

An innovative online approach to executive development is described. The approach utilizes asynchronous and synchronous elements, required submission of assignments, and other features resembling those of online college courses. Design of the learning experience, though, has been observant of the various motivations of busy executives. The approach so far has resulted in high rates of course completion.
Article Commentary: Prospects forIn VitroMyofilament Maturation in Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Schwan Jonas , Campbell Stuart G.
Published: June 2015

Cardiomyocytes derived from human stem cells are quickly becoming mainstays of cardiac regenerative medicine, in vitro disease modeling, and drug screening. Their suitability for such roles may seem obvious, but assessments of their contractile behavior suggest that they have not achieved a completely mature cardiac muscle phenotype. This could be explained in part by an incomplete transition from fetal to adult myofilament protein isoform expression. In this commentary, we review evidence that supports this hypothesis and discuss prospects for ultimately generating engineered heart tissue specimens that behave similarly to adult human myocardium. We suggest approaches to better characterize myofilament maturation level in these in vitro systems, and illustrate how new computational models could be used to better understand complex relationships between muscle contraction, myofilament protein isoform expression, and maturation.
Élimination du chrome hexavalent des solutions aqueuses par adsorption sur feuilles brutes de Posidonia oceanica (L.) : cinétiques, équilibres et modélisation
Authors: Mahjoub Borhane , Fkih Imen , Ncibi Mohamed Chaker
Published: June 2015

Les feuilles du végétal marin Posidonia oceanica (L.) ont été utilisées en tant que nouvel adsorbant biologique pour l’élimination du chrome hexavalent des solutions aqueuses artificiellement contaminées. Les expériences ont été effectuées en batch aussi bien pour les cinétiques que pour les isothermes d’adsorption. Les variables expérimentales étudiées sont le pH, la température, la quantité de biomasse et la concentration initiale de Cr(VI). Le maximum de biosorption a été observé pour un pH = 2. La capacité de biosorption semble être optimisée par une augmentation de la température, de la quantité de biosorbant et de la concentration initiale. La modélisation des données expérimentales a montré que le modèle du pseudo-second ordre décrit les cinétiques d’adsorption d’une façon adéquate. De même, les isothermes d’adsorption sont en accord avec le modèle de Redlich-Peterson et notamment celui de Langmuir. De plus, l’analyse thermodynamique a révélé que le processus d’adsorption étudié est un phénomène favorable, endothermique et spontané.
Law's Violence: Derrick Bell's Next Article
Authors: Delgado Richard
Published: June 2015

None.
Interest Convergence as Transaction?
Authors: Crowder Patience A.
Published: June 2015

None
Algunas conceptualizaciones de la dignidad del anciano en bioderecho
Authors: Ramos Vergara Paulina , Arenas Massa Ángela
Published: June 2015

El bioderecho es un neologismo que trata las reglas jurídicas de comportamiento en el contexto de cuestiones bioéticas; se ocupa también del hombre, su dignidad, vida e identidad. El presente estudio descriptivo busca atribuir significado al concepto de dignidad en dos modelos de bioderecho, que develan el estatuto jurídico reconocido por estos a los adultos mayores. Se aplica el método de análisis elaborado por Laura Palazzani. Los resultados evidencian diferencias en el contenido del concepto de dignidad y, por ende, en el estatuto jurídico reconocido a las personas mayores.
Implicaciones bioéticas derivadas del acceso de las parejas del mismo sexo a las técnologías provenientes de la biomedicina y la biotecnología para la conformación de familias homoparentales
Authors: Zárate Cuello Amparo de Jesús , Celis Luis Gustavo
Published: June 2015

En este artículo se realiza una reflexión y una revisión, desde el ámbito de las ciencias básicas y del bioderecho, sobre los aspectos biológicos y genéticos de la homosexualidad, y sobre el impacto que tiene en la familia el acceso a las técnicas de reproducción asistida por parte de las parejas del mismo sexo. Lo anterior nos lleva al desarrollo de conceptos como la “violencia prenatal”, el derecho de los niños a crecer en el seno de una familia con una imagen paterna y materna, al igual que las implicaciones que estos conceptos tienen a la luz del orden jurídico colombiano.
Surprising judgments about robot drivers: Experiments on rising expectations and blaming humans
Authors: Danielson Peter
Published: June 2015

N-Reasons is an experimental Internet survey platform designed to enhance public participation in applied ethics and policy. N-Reasons encourages individuals to generate reasons to support their judgments, and groups to converge on a common set of reasons pro and con various issues.  In the Robot Ethics Survey some of the reasons contributed surprising judgments about autonomous machines. Presented with a version of the trolley problem with an autonomous train as the agent, participants gave unexpected answers, revealing high expectations for the autonomous machine and shifting blame from the automated device to the humans in the scenario. Further experiments with a standard pair of human-only trolley problems refine these results. While showing the high expectations even when no autonomous machine is involved, human bystanders are only blamed in the machine case. A third experiment explicitly aimed at responsibility for driverless cars confirms our findings about shifting blame in the case of autonomous machine agents. We conclude methodologically that both results point to the power of an experimental survey based approach to public participation to explore surprising assumptions and judgments in applied ethics. However, both results also support using caution when interpreting survey results in ethics, demonstrating the importance of qualitative data to provide further context for evaluating judgments revealed by surveys. On the ethics side, the result about shifting blame to humans interacting with autonomous machines suggests caution about the unintended consequences of intuitive principles requiring human responsibility.
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE: PAPERS FROM THE CONFERENCE “RECENT ADVANCES IN THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA”
Authors: Carter Alison Kyra , Kim Nam C.
Published: June 2015

This special issue of the Journal of Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association presents some of the results of a small conference entitled “Recent Advances in the Archaeology of East and Southeast Asia.” The event was held in Madison, Wisconsin, and brought together a collection of scholars from the US and abroad. Organized by Nam Kim and Alison Carter, the conference was hosted at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (March 15-16, 2013), and was jointly sponsored by the Department of Anthropology, the Center for East Asian Studies, and the Center for Southeast Asian Studies.
WHAT DID THEY COOK? A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO CULINARY PRACTICES AND POTTERY USE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE KOREAN PENINSULA DURING THE MID TO LATE HOLOCENE
Authors: Kwak Seungki , Marwick Ben
Published: June 2015

This study attempts to understand prehistoric human subsistence in Korean peninsula through the preliminary initiation of organic geochemical analyses on potsherds. While traditional approaches focus on reconstructing the ancient pot function or relative chronology, organic geochemical analyses on archaeological potteries endeavors to be precise about the types of food groups that were cooked or stored in a pot by attempting to identify the specific organic compounds trapped in the clay matrix. Since organic compounds are often preserved in direct association with archaeological pots, organic geochemical analyses have become an important method of investigation which archaeologists use to better understand the function of ceramic artifacts such as pottery and local diets. The sherd samples for the analyses in this paper were collected from the two prehistoric habitation sites located in the central part of the Korean peninsula: Kimpo-Yangchon site and Eupha-ri site. The main habitation period of the former is around 2800 BP (B. Kim et al. 2013), and the latter site was occupied around 1900 BP (H. Wang et al. 2013). We show that terrestrial animals are strongly represented in the organic residues, suggesting that views of a crop-dominated diet might need revision. Our results provide a critical clue to understand ancient subsistence of the central part of the Korean peninsula.
HINDU BELIEFS AND THE MARITIME NETWORK IN SOUTHERN VIETNAM DURING THE EARLY COMMON ERA
Authors: Le Lien Thi
Published: June 2015

In recent decades a large number of artifacts related to Hindu belief have been discovered in southern Vietnam.  They have been found in various types of archaeological sites and clearly played different functions in the religious beliefs and daily lives of the people who created them.  These valuable archaeological sources provide interesting information on the penetration of Hinduism into the area.  This essay will address the following subjects:  The distribution of these artifacts and the sites where they have been found; their connection to Hindu beliefs and their illustration of styles of Hindu art; and the role of maritime networks of trade in the development of Hindu beliefs during the state formation period in Southern Vietnam.
Forensic identification and identity politics in 2004 post-tsunami Thailand: Negotiating dissolving boundaries
Authors: Merli Claudia , Buck Trudi
Published: June 2015

This article considers the contexts and processes of forensic identification in 2004
post-tsunami Thailand as examples of identity politics. The presence of international
forensic teams as carriers of diverse technical expertise overlapped with bureaucratic
procedures put in place by the Thai government. The negotiation of unified forensic
protocols and the production of estimates of identified nationals straddle biopolitics and
thanatocracy. The immense identification task testified on the one hand to an effort to
bring individual bodies back to mourning families and national soils, and on the other
hand to determining collective ethnic and national bodies, making sense out of an
inexorable and disordered dissolution of corporeal as well as political boundaries.
Individual and national identities were the subject of competing efforts to bring order
to,the chaos, reaffirming the cogency of the body politic by mapping national boundaries
abroad. The overwhelming forensic effort required by the exceptional circumstances also
brought forward the socio-economic and ethnic disparities of the victims, whose
post-mortem treatment and identification traced an indelible divide between us and
them.
The nitrogen isotope composition of sediments from the proto‐North Atlantic during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2
Authors: Ruvalcaba Baroni I. , van Helmond N. A. G. M. , Tsandev I. , Middelburg J. J. , Slomp C. P.
Published: June 2015

Sediment records of the stable isotopic composition of N (δ15N) show light δ15N values at several sites in the proto‐North Atlantic during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2) at the Cenomanian‐Turonian transition (∼94 Ma). The low δ15N during the event is generally attributed to an increase in N2 fixation and incomplete uptake of
for phytoplankton growth. A compilation of all reliable data for the proto‐North Atlantic during OAE 2 demonstrates that the most pronounced negative shift in δ15N from pre‐OAE 2 to OAE 2 occurs in the open ocean but with δ15N never lower than −3‰. Using a box model of N cycling for the proto‐North Atlantic during OAE 2, we show that N2 fixation is a major contributor to the δ15N signal, especially in the open ocean. Incomplete uptake of
for phytoplankton growth is important in regions dominated by downwelling, with lateral transport of
acting as a major source. In the southern proto‐North Atlantic, where bottom waters were euxinic, the light δ15N signature is largely explained by upwelling of
. Our study provides an overview of regional differences in δ15N in the proto‐North Atlantic and highlights the role of lateral exchange of water and nutrients, in addition to local biogeochemical processes, in determining δ15N values of OAE 2 sediments.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Martín‐Andrés Antonio , Herranz‐Tejedor Inmaculada
Published: June 2015

Regarding Paper

“Stratified Fisher's exact test and its sample size calculation”

by Sin‐Ho Jung

Biometrical Journal(2014)56(1): 129–140

Article:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.201300048
A three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of shear stress distribution during neotissue growth in a perfusion bioreactor
Authors: Guyot Y. , Luyten F.P. , Schrooten J. , Papantoniou I. , Geris L.
Published: June 2015

Bone tissue engineering strategies use flow through perfusion bioreactors to apply mechanical stimuli to cells seeded on porous scaffolds. Cells grow on the scaffold surface but also by bridging the scaffold pores leading a fully filled scaffold following the scaffold's geometric characteristics. Current computational fluid dynamic approaches for tissue engineering bioreactor systems have been mostly carried out for empty scaffolds. The effect of 3D cell growth and extracellular matrix formation (termed in this study as neotissue growth), on its surrounding fluid flow field is a challenge yet to be tackled. In this work a combined approach was followed linking curvature driven cell growth to fluid dynamics modeling. The level‐set method (LSM) was employed to capture neotissue growth driven by curvature, while the Stokes and Darcy equations, combined in the Brinkman equation, provided information regarding the distribution of the shear stress profile at the neotissue/medium interface and within the neotissue itself during growth. The neotissue was assumed to be micro‐porous allowing flow through its structure while at the same time allowing the simulation of complete scaffold filling without numerical convergence issues. The results show a significant difference in the amplitude of shear stress for cells located within the micro‐porous neo‐tissue or at the neotissue/medium interface, demonstrating the importance of taking along the neotissue in the calculation of the mechanical stimulation of cells during culture.The presented computational framework is used on different scaffold pore geometries demonstrating its potential to be used a design as tool for scaffold architecture taking into account the growing neotissue. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2591–2600. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Automated and Continuous Production of Microstructured Metallic Plates via Cold Embossing
Authors: Wiborg Ole , O'Connell Martin , Thiele Richard , Wichert Martin , Kolb Gunther
Published: June 2015

Many critical issues need to be addressed when microstructured reactors are manufactured in large unit volumes. The most crucial of these are cost, ease of production, and reliability. The lack of breakthrough manufacturing technology to provide high‐efficiency, low‐cost, high‐precision plates is a hindrance to the early market implementation of systems requiring metallic microstructured plates. This contribution focuses on the development and optimization of a combined embossing and bending tool for the quick and continuous manufacture of easily machined plates.
Succinic Acid Production in Fed‐Batch Fermentation of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens Using Glycerol as Carbon Source
Authors: Bretz Karlheinz
Published: June 2015

Considering glycerol as an inexpensive alternative carbon source, the optimal glycerol concentration for succinic acid production with Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens was identified in shake‐flask trials. The addition of a defined amount of glucose improved the growth and succinic acid productivity significantly. In fed‐batch processes with glycerol as sole substrate, a maximum succinic acid concentration and product substrate yield were obtained. The addition of glucose led to a 2.5‐fold increased succinic acid concentration whereas the product substrate yield remained nearly constant.
Monometallic Ni0 and Heterobimetallic Ni0/AuI Complexes of Tripodal Phosphine Ligands: Characterization in Solution and in the Solid State and Catalysis
Authors: Cluff Kyle J. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Blümel Janet
Published: June 2015

The tridentate chelate nickel complexes [(CO)Ni{(PPh2CH2)3CMe}] (2), [(CO)Ni{(PPh2CH2CH2)3SiMe}] (6), and [Ph3PNi{(PPh2CH2CH2)3SiMe}] (7), as well as the bidentate complex [(CO)2Ni{(PPh2CH2)2CMeCH2PPh2}] (3) and the heterobimetallic complex [(CO)2Ni{(PPh2CH2)2CMeCH2Ph2PAuCl}] (4), have been synthesized and fully characterized in solution. All 1H and 13C NMR signal assignments are based on 2D‐NMR methods. Single crystal X‐ray structures have been obtained for all complexes. Their 31P CP/MAS (cross polarization with magic angle spinning) NMR spectra have been recorded and the isotropic lines identified. The signals were assigned with the help of their chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) data. All complexes have been tested regarding their catalytic activity for the cyclotrimerization of phenylacetylene. Whereas complexes 2–4 display low catalytic activity, complex 7 leads to quantitative conversion of the substrate within four hours and is highly selective throughout the catalytic reaction.
A Visible‐Light‐Induced α‐H Chlorination of Alkylarenes with Inorganic Chloride under NanoAg@AgCl
Authors: Liu Shouxin , Zhang Qi , Li Huiying , Yang Yihua , Tian Xia , Whiting Andrew
Published: June 2015

An efficient, photocatalytic chlorination of alkylarene α‐H groups using NaCl/HCl as a chlorine source has been developed, which involves a radical mechanism under visible‐light (including sunlight) conditions. A chlorine radical is proposed to be formed by an electron transfer from chloride ion to O2 in air through the bandgap hole of the semiconductor AgCl. The chlorination protocol is characterized by its use of natural sunlight or other visible light, mild conditions, cheap source of chlorine, green solvent, and high selectivity. The yield of benzylchloride is 95 % with a toluene conversion as high as 40 %, which rivals traditional chlorination methods.
A New Feedback DE‐ELM with Time Delay‐Based EFSM Approach for Fault Prediction of Non‐Linear Processes
Authors: Xu Yuan , Zhou Zi‐Qian , Zhu Qun‐Xiong
Published: June 2015

Fault prediction is a significant issue for ensuring industrial process safety and reliability. In practical processes, due to complexity and non‐linearity, this leads to many difficulties for process fault prediction. Aiming to improve the fault prediction accuracy in procedure‐oriented systems, a new feedback differential evolution‐optimized extreme learning machine (FDE‐ELM) with a time delay‐based extended finite state machine (TD‐EFSM) approach is proposed. The proposed method is exemplified in the complicated Tennessee Eastman (TE) benchmark process. The results show that the new joint time‐delay EFSM‐based FDE‐ELM shows superiority not only in modelling stability but also in detection sensitivity.
Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SEED‐AN): A Qualitative Study of Patients with 20+ Years of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Robinson Paul H. , Kukucska Roza , Guidetti Giulia , Leavey Gerard
Published: June 2015

Little is known about how patients with long‐term eating disorders manage their clinical problems. We carried out a preliminary qualitative study (using Thematic Analysis) of patients with severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SEED‐AN) in which we undertook recorded interviews in eight participants whose conditions had lasted 20–40 years. We found 15 principle features in physical, psychological, social, family, occupational and treatment realms. Psychological and social realms were most affected. Severe physical problems were reported. They described feelings of unworthiness, frugality regarding money and obsessive time‐keeping. Persisting with negligible social networks, participants described depression and hopelessness, while somehow achieving a sense of pride at their endurance and survival in spite of the eating disorder. They emphasized the importance of professional help in managing their care. The severe and enduring description, often reserved for people with psychotic illness, is appropriately applied to SEED‐AN, which has major impacts in all realms. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Internal phosphorus load in a Mexican reservoir: Forecast and validation
Authors: Hansen Anne M. , Márquez-Pacheco Henri
Published: June 2015

To determine the internal phosphorus load (IPL) as a function of redox potential (Eh) in a Mexican reservoir, the results from a phosphorus (P) release experiment were extrapolated to temporal and spatial variations of Eh in sediments, and an IPL-Eh of 24.2 ± 2.5 t/yr was obtained. This result is compared with the P mass balance (MB) in the reservoir, where the IPL-MB is determined as the difference between P inputs to the reservoir and the outputs. Inputs of P are the sum of the external P load from the hydrological basin, the IPL, and P in atmospheric precipitation; outputs of P are the sum of sedimented P, and the removal of P in water and biomass, and the resulting IPL-MB, is 26.4 ± 4.9 t/yr. In addition, P concentrations in sediment cores (SCs) are analyzed, and the historical release of P from sediments determined, resulting in an IPL-SC of 23.5 ± 1.4 t/yr. The different IPL results are similar, as average values are within the standard deviation of IPL-MB. It is concluded that analysis of the variations in Eh in sediments allows determination of the reservoir's IPL. Six-weekly IPL-Eh and IPL-MB values are analyzed, and it can be seen that IPL occurs mainly during the period from May to August, when the water column is thermally stratified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2583–2589. © 2015 SETAC
Human bocavirus in acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil
Authors: Campos Gubio Soares , Silva Sampaio Madina Lyve , Menezes Aline Dorea Luz , Tigre Dellane Martins , Moura Costa Lilia Ferreira , Chinalia Fabio Alexandre , Sardi Silvia Ines
Published: June 2015

Epidemiological surveillance for Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was conducted on 105 fecal specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis in Bahia, Brazil. Among of a total 105 stool samples, 44 samples were positive for HBoV as detected by nested‐PCR. Of the 44 positive samples, co‐infections with other enteric viruses (Norovirus, Adenovirus, and Rotavirus) were found in 12 pediatric patients. Mixed infections among HBoV with Norovirus were frequently observed in this population. The phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of HBoV‐1, and HBoV 2A species. This study shows that HBoV is another viral pathogen in the etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Bahia, Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 88:166–170, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate intensity calibration for low wavenumber (−150 to 150 cm−1) Raman spectroscopy using the pure rotational spectrum of N2
Authors: Okajima Hajime , Hamaguchi Hiro‐o
Published: June 2015

We report on an accurate intensity calibration method for low wavenumber Raman spectroscopy. It uses the rotational Raman spectrum of N2. The intensity distributions in the rotational Raman spectra of diatomic molecules are theoretically well established. They can be used as primary intensity standards for intensity calibration. The intensity ratios of the Stokes and anti‐Stokes transitions originating from the same rotational levels are not affected by thermal population. Taking the effect of rotation–vibration interactions appropriately into account, we are able to calculate these intensity ratios theoretically. The comparison between the observed and calculated ratios of the N2 pure rotational spectrum provides an accurate relative sensitivity curve (error ~5 × 10−4) in the wavenumber region of −150 to 150 cm−1. We determine the temperature of water solely from the low wavenumber Raman spectra, using a thus calibrated spectrometer. The Raman temperature shows an excellent agreement with the thermocouple temperature, with only 0.5 K difference. The present calibration technique will be highly useful in many applications of low wavenumber quantitative Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metaproteomic analysis using the Galaxy framework
Authors: Jagtap Pratik D. , Blakely Alan , Murray Kevin , Stewart Shaun , Kooren Joel , Johnson James E. , Rhodus Nelson L. , Rudney Joel , Griffin Timothy J.
Published: June 2015

Metaproteomics characterizes proteins expressed by microorganism communities (microbiome) present in environmental samples or a host organism (e.g. human), revealing insights into the molecular functions conferred by these communities. Compared to conventional proteomics, metaproteomics presents unique data analysis challenges, including the use of large protein databases derived from hundreds or thousands of organisms, as well as numerous processing steps to ensure high data quality. These challenges limit the use of metaproteomics for many researchers. In response, we have developed an accessible and flexible metaproteomics workflow within the Galaxy bioinformatics framework. Via analysis of human oral tissue exudate samples, we have established a modular Galaxy‐based workflow that automates a reduction method for searching large sequence databases, enabling comprehensive identification of host proteins (human) as well as “meta‐proteins” from the nonhost organisms. Downstream, automated processing steps enable basic local alignment search tool analysis and evaluation/visualization of peptide sequence match quality, maximizing confidence in results. Outputted results are compatible with tools for taxonomic and functional characterization (e.g. Unipept, MEGAN5). Galaxy also allows for the sharing of complete workflows with others, promoting reproducibility and also providing a template for further modification and enhancement. Our results provide a blueprint for establishing Galaxy as a solution for metaproteomic data analysis. All MS data have been deposited in the ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD001655 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001655).
Mechanistic Insight into the Stability of HfO2‐Coated MoS2 Nanosheet Anodes for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Anjum Dalaver H. , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Alshareef Husam N.
Published: June 2015

It is demonstrated for the first time that surface passivation of 2D nanosheets of MoS2 by an ultrathin and uniform layer of HfO2 can significantly improve the cyclic performance of sodium ion batteries. After 50 charge/discharge cycles, bare MoS2 and HfO2 coated MoS2 electrodes deliver the specific capacity of 435 and 636 mAh g−1, respectively, at current density of 100 mA g−1. These results imply that batteries using HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes retain 91% of the initial capacity; in contrast, bare MoS2 anodes retain only 63%. Also, HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes show one of the highest reported capacity values for MoS2. Cyclic voltammetry and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest that HfO2 does not take part in electrochemical reaction. The mechanism of capacity retention with HfO2 coating is explained by ex situ transmission electron microscope imaging and electrical impedance spectroscopy. It is illustrated that HfO2 acts as a passivation layer at the anode/electrolyte interface and prevents structural degradation during charge/discharge process. Moreover, the amorphous nature of HfO2 allows facile diffusion of Na ions. These results clearly show the potential of HfO2 coated MoS2 anodes, which performance is significantly higher than previous reports where bulk MoS2 or composites of MoS2 with carbonaceous materials are used.
The Utility of Ultrasound for Diagnosing Purulent Infections of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Halim Andrea , Shih Yushane , Dodds Seth D.
Published: June 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine the test characteristics of formal ultrasound when used to diagnose upper extremity soft tissue abscess in the setting of suspected infection.

Methods

We completed a retrospective chart review of all patients who had formal ultrasounds at our institution for the indication of diagnosing upper extremity abscess between July 2010 and July 2013. Using presence of purulence as the gold standard for diagnosis of abscess, we calculated the test characteristics of ultrasound. We then performed a series of logistic regression models with ultrasound being the independent variable of interest.

Results

Using search criteria consistent with upper extremity abscess, we identified 512 patients who underwent ultrasound examinations during our study period. Of these, 178 met the enrollment criteria. Ultrasound reports revealed 110 negative findings, 37 definitively positive findings, and 31 ambiguous findings. Forty-four patients had a final diagnosis of abscess, and 15 of these patients had negative or ambiguous ultrasounds. The sensitivity of definitively positive ultrasound was 65.9 %. The specificity was 94.0 %. Positive predictive value (PPV) of a definitively positive ultrasound result was 78.4 %, and negative predictive value (NPV) of a definitively negative result was 90 %. Logistic regression demonstrated a statistically significant association between definitively positive ultrasound and abscess, but no association between ambiguous ultrasound and abscess after adjustment for significant covariates.

Conclusions

Ultrasound is not a sensitive method to detect the presence of abscess in the setting of upper extremity infection. However, in this population of patients with suspected abscess, the negative predictive value was high with and without the inclusion of ambiguous results, suggesting reasonable utility of ultrasound as a rule-out test.

Level of Evidence

Diagnostic study, Level II
Online Politics for Citizens in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Majewski Eva
Published: June 2015

This article looks at models of political representation. It examines the ways in which social network sites and a faster exchange of information have influenced political engagement in general. Moreover, it looks at how political networks run by young people are reacting to the changing environments by trying to create unique experiences.
Geology of the Kamthai Rare Earth Deposit
Authors: Bhushan S. K.
Published: June 2015

A wide spectrum of calciocarbonatites and associated alkaline rocks are exposed around Kamthai, Rajasthan. The mineralogical studies exhibit a bimodal distribution of REE minerals. The southeastern block has carbocernaite and the eastern block has bastnaesite ± ancylite / synchysite as the dominant REE minerals followed by parisite and other accessory minerals. Calcite is the most abundant of the gangue phase, followed by biotite, albite, k-feldspar and iron oxide / hydroxide. Minor and trace gangue phases include pyrite, ilmenite, apatite, siderite, ankerite, amphibole, pyroxene, strontianite, barite, ilmenite / pyrophanite, celestine, clay minerals, sphalerite, pyrochlore, fluorite and Mn-rich phases including hollandite and Mn-Fe oxides. Calciocarbonatite occuring as intrusive veins, sills/dykes and plug, is perhaps a product of crystallization of a primary carbonatite melt generated at upper mantle. The first phase magmatic calciocarbonatite is alvikite type, rich in carbocernaite whereas second hydrothermal phase, sovite type, is enriched in bastnaesite. The absence of supergene activity and minerals (crandalite, florencite, gorceixite) indicate minor role of secondary enrichment. A rift-related mechanism, thermal equivalent to Deccan flood basalt (65±2 Ma), invoking “Reunion plume - continental hot spot” might have triggered Tertiary alkaline magmatism.
New Evidences of Shell-gravel Taxa from Harudi Formation (Middle Eocene), Western Kutch
Authors: Syed Rosina , Sarkar Sampa , Sengupta S.
Published: June 2015

A foraminiferal shell bed (informally referred to as the ‘obtusus bed’) occurring in the upper part of the Harudi Formation (Middle Eocene) in Kutch has yielded evidences of diverse shell-gravel taxa (mostly macroinvertebrates). In this communication, we report new evidences of shell-gravel taxa in the form of clavet and tubular borings of endolithic fauna and epibenthic growth of solitary scleractinian coral and cyclostome bryozoa for the first time. The borings include Gastrochaenolites Leymerie, Trypanites Mägdefrau and cf. Trypanites Mägdefrau. The coral and the bryozoan are Trochocyathus sp. Edward and Haime and ‘Proboscina’ sp. Audouin respectively. This highly diverse shell-gravel fauna subsisted solely on the larger foraminifera of the ‘obtusus bed’. So far, such an association is unknown from any other part of India.
Added Value of MRI over CT of the Brain in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Algethamy Haifa M. , Alzawahmah Mohamed , Young G. Bryan , Mirsattari Seyed M.
Published: June 2015

Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients with neurological impairments often require neuroimaging. However, the relative sensitivity of various imaging modalities of the brain has not yet been explored in this population. Methods: In this study, we compare the findings of CT and MRI scans in ICU patients to (1) identify the number and rate of clinically relevant lesion detected by MRI while missed by CT and vice versa and (2) determine specific lesion types for which CT versus MRI discrepancies exist. A review of medical records included CT and MRI reports of patients who underwent these procedures while they were patients in our ICUs between July 2004 and July 2009. MRI and CT were compared regarding their ability to detect clinically relevant abnormalities. Odds ratios with 95% confidence limits were calculated to compare diagnostic categories regarding the rate of discrepant MRI versus CT findings, followed by power analyses to estimate sample sizes necessary to allow for further testing in a larger trial. Results: MRI revealed clinically relevant additional abnormalities over CT in 129 of 136 patients (95%) that included the detection of additional finding for 15/27 hemorrhagic lesions (55.6%), 33/36 (92%) ischemic strokes, 19/27 (70%) traumatic lesions, 8/14 (57%) infections, 15/24 (62.5%) metabolic abnormalities, and all seven neoplasms. Odds ratio analysis revealed the added sensitivity of MRI to be greater for ischemic and neoplastic lesions than for trauma, metabolic-related abnormalities, infection, or hemorrhage. Conclusions: MRI is more sensitive than CT in identifying clinically meaningful lesions in at least a subset of ICU patients, regardless of pathology.
Orbital infections: five-year case series, literature review and guideline development
Authors: Atfeh M S , Khalil H S
Published: June 2015

Background:

Periorbital infections represent a spectrum of sepsis that carries potentially significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition, systematic assessment and aggressive treatment of the condition are essential.

Methods:

A retrospective five-year case note review on the management of periorbital infections was performed at a tertiary centre. A literature review on the management of periorbital infections was also undertaken. A multidisciplinary guideline on the management of periorbital infections was developed based on the findings of the case and literature reviews.

Results:

The results of the retrospective case series correlate well with those of recent reports.

Conclusion:

The new multidisciplinary guideline has been finalised and approved for practice and future auditing.
Early Disrupted Neurovascular Coupling and Changed Event Level Hemodynamic Response Function in Type 2 Diabetes: An fMRI Study
Authors: Duarte João V , Pereira João MS , Quendera Bruno , Raimundo Miguel , Moreno Carolina , Gomes Leonor , Carrilho Francisco , Castelo-Branco Miguel
Published: June 2015

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients develop vascular complications and have increased risk for neurophysiological impairment. Vascular pathophysiology may alter the blood flow regulation in cerebral microvasculature, affecting neurovascular coupling. Reduced fMRI signal can result from decreased neuronal activation or disrupted neurovascular coupling. The uncertainty about pathophysiological mechanisms (neurodegenerative, vascular, or both) underlying brain function impairments remains. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated if the hemodynamic response function (HRF) in lesion-free brains of patients is altered by measuring BOLD (Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent) response to visual motion stimuli. We used a standard block design to examine the BOLD response and an event-related deconvolution approach. Importantly, the latter allowed for the first time to directly extract the true shape of HRF without any assumption and probe neurovascular coupling, using performance-matched stimuli. We discovered a change in HRF in early stages of diabetes. T2DM patients show significantly different fMRI response profiles. Our visual paradigm therefore demonstrated impaired neurovascular coupling in intact brain tissue. This implies that functional studies in T2DM require the definition of HRF, only achievable with deconvolution in event-related experiments. Further investigation of the mechanisms underlying impaired neurovascular coupling is needed to understand and potentially prevent the progression of brain function decrements in diabetes.