bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of bistatic multiphoton quantum radar cross section for the cylindrical surface
Authors: Tian Zhifu , Hu Tao , Wu Di , Wang Shu
Published: March 2024

A closed-form model of bistatic multiphoton quantum radar cross section (QRCS) for the cylindrical surface, the main structure of typical aircraft, especially missiles, is established to analyze the system and scattering characteristics. The influence of curvature of the three-dimensional target on QRCS is analyzed. By comparing and analyzing the bistatic multiphoton QRCS for a cylinder and a rectangular plate, we find that the QRCS for the convex surface target is the extension of the QRCS for the planar target with inhomogeneous atomic arrangement intervals and patterns. The characteristics of cylindrical QRCS are discussed by combining the transceiver system and the photon number of the transmitted signal, and the influences of the cylindrical radius, cylindrical length, and incident photon number on QRCS are analyzed. The bistatic results provide guidance on potential strong scattering directions for the target under various directions of photon incidence. Compared with the plane target, the cylindrical target amplifies scattering intensity near the target surface at the scattering angle side in the bistatic system. A bistatic multiphoton quantum radar system can achieve sharpening and amplification of the main lobe of the QRCS for a cylinder in an extensive scattering angle range. Bistatic multiphoton quantum radar has better visibility for the cylinder with a smaller length. These characteristics will provide prior information for research in many fields, such as photonic technology, radar technology, and precision metrology.
Neuronal ageing is promoted by the decay of the microtubule cytoskeleton
Authors: Okenve-Ramos Pilar , Gosling Rory , Chojnowska-Monga Monika , Gupta Kriti , Shields Samuel , Alhadyian Haifa , Collie Ceryce , Gregory Emilia , Sanchez-Soriano Natalia
Published: March 2024

Natural ageing is accompanied by a decline in motor, sensory, and cognitive functions, all impacting quality of life. Ageing is also the predominant risk factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. We need to therefore gain a better understanding of the cellular and physiological processes underlying age-related neuronal decay. However, gaining this understanding is a slow process due to the large amount of time required to age mammalian or vertebrate animal models. Here, we introduce a new cellular model within theDrosophilabrain, in which we report classical ageing hallmarks previously observed in the primate brain. These hallmarks include axonal swellings, cytoskeletal decay, a reduction in axonal calibre, and morphological changes arising at synaptic terminals. In the fly brain, these changes begin to occur within a few weeks, ideal to study the underlying mechanisms of ageing. We discovered that the decay of the neuronal microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton precedes the onset of other ageing hallmarks. We showed that the MT-binding factors Tau, EB1, and Shot/MACF1, are necessary for MT maintenance in axons and synapses, and that their functional loss during ageing triggers MT bundle decay, followed by a decline in axons and synaptic terminals. Furthermore, genetic manipulations that improve MT networks slowed down the onset of neuronal ageing hallmarks and confer aged specimens the ability to outperform age-matched controls. Our work suggests that MT networks are a key lesion site in ageing neurons and therefore the MT cytoskeleton offers a promising target to improve neuronal decay in advanced age.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic skin microbiota modifications triggered by Leishmania infection in localized Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Jaimes Jesús , Patiño Luz Helena , Herrera Giovanny , Cruz Claudia , Pérez Julie , Correa-Cárdenas Camilo A. , Muñoz Marina , Ramírez Juan David
Published: March 2024

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is a tropical disease characterized by cutaneous ulcers, sometimes with satellite lesions and nodular lymphangitis. Leishmania parasites, transmitted by sandfly vectors, cause this widespread public health challenge affecting millions worldwide. CL’s complexity stems from diverse Leishmania species and intricate host interactions. Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the spatial-temporal distribution of Leishmania species and exploring the influence of skin microbiota on disease progression. We analyzed 40 samples from CL patients at three military bases across Colombia. Using Oxford Nanopore’s Heat Shock Protein 70 sequencing, we identified Leishmania species and profiled microbiota in CL lesions and corresponding healthy limbs. Illumina sequencing of 16S-rRNA and 18S-rRNA genes helped analyze prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities. Our research uncovered a spatial-temporal overlap between regions of high CL incidence and our sampling locations, indicating the coexistence of various Leishmania species. L. naiffi emerged as a noteworthy discovery. In addition, our study delved into the changes in skin microbiota associated with CL lesions sampled by scraping compared with healthy skin sampled by brushing of upper and lower limbs. We observed alterations in microbial diversity, both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, within the lesioned areas, signifying the potential role of microbiota in CL pathogenesis. The significant increase in specific bacterial families, such as Staphylococcaceae and Streptococcaceae, within CL lesions indicates their contribution to local inflammation. In essence, our study contributes to the ongoing research into CL, highlighting the need for a multifaceted approach to decipher the intricate interactions between Leishmaniasis and the skin microbiota.
The impact of genetically controlled splicing on exon inclusion and protein structure
Authors: Einson Jonah , Minaeva Mariia , Rafi Faiza , Lappalainen Tuuli
Published: March 2024

Common variants affecting mRNA splicing are typically identified though splicing quantitative trait locus (sQTL) mapping and have been shown to be enriched for GWAS signals by a similar degree to eQTLs. However, the specific splicing changes induced by these variants have been difficult to characterize, making it more complicated to analyze the effect size and direction of sQTLs, and to determine downstream splicing effects on protein structure. In this study, we catalogue sQTLs using exon percent spliced in (PSI) scores as a quantitative phenotype. PSI is an interpretable metric for identifying exon skipping events and has some advantages over other methods for quantifying splicing from short read RNA sequencing. In our set of sQTL variants, we find evidence of selective effects based on splicing effect size and effect direction, as well as exon symmetry. Additionally, we utilize AlphaFold2 to predict changes in protein structure associated with sQTLs overlapping GWAS traits, highlighting a potential new use-case for this technology for interpreting genetic effects on traits and disorders.
Adherence and factors influencing adherence to glaucoma medications among adult glaucoma patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abore Kibruyisfaw Weldeab , Fole Estifanos Bekele , Abebe Mahlet Tesfaye , Tekle Natnael Fikadu , Tilahun Robel Bayou , Chinkey Fraol Daba , Abera Michael Teklehaimanot
Published: March 2024

Background

Intraocular pressure is the only modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma. Raised intraocular pressure could cause progressive visual field loss and blindness if left uncontrolled. Adherence to ocular hypotensive medications is vital to prevent optic nerve damage and its consequences. This study was conducted to systematically summarize the magnitude of glaucoma medication adherence and factors influencing adherence to glaucoma medications among adult glaucoma patients in Ethiopia.

Methods

Database searches to identify research articles were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, AJOL, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar without restriction on the date of publication. Data extraction was done using a data extraction Excel sheet. Analysis was performed using STATA version 16. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Pooled prevalence and pooled odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval using a random effect model were computed.

Result

We included six studies with a total of 2101 participants for meta-analysis. The magnitude of adherence to glaucoma medication was found to be 49.46% (95% CI [41.27–57.66]). Urban residents (OR = 1.89, 95% CI; 1.29–2.49) and those with normal visual acuity (OR = 2.82, 95% CI; 0.85–4.80) had higher odds of adherence to glaucoma medications. Patients who pay for the medications themselves (OR = 0.22, 95% CI; 0.09–0.34) were found to have 78% lower odds of adherence than their counterparts.

Conclusion

The magnitude of glaucoma medication adherence is lower than expected. Place of residence, visual acuity, and payment means had statistically significant associations with glaucoma medication adherence. Tailored health education on medication adherence and subsidization of glaucoma medication is recommended.
A planetary health perspective on the translation of climate change research into public health policy and practice: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Mulopo Chanelle , Abimbola Samuel , Onkoba Nyamongo , Schmidt Bey-Marrie
Published: March 2024

Background

Climate Change (CC) emanating from anthropocentric human activities is a great threat to the quality of human life and well-being worldwide. The translation of CC research evidence can play a critical role in promoting the formulation of climate-sensitive policies to equip public health systems for CC-associated disaster preparedness, response, and management. This scoping review seeks to explore knowledge translation approaches for promoting, the uptake, and use of CC research evidence in public health policy and practice.

Methods

This scoping review will be conducted according to the guidelines of Arksey and O’Malley. A search strategy will be developed for published articles in PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases and for grey literature in the World Health Organization, Planetary Health Alliance, and the University of the Western Cape repositories.

Discussion

The proposed scoping review will gather existing evidence on the relationship between knowledge translation, CC research, and public health decision-making. This will provide insights into research and practice gaps, and recommendations will be made to ensure effective knowledge translation for CC related decision-making.
Response to anxiety treatment before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rosmarin David H. , Pirutinsky Steven
Published: March 2024

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic yielded a substantial increase in worldwide prevalence and severity of anxiety, but less is known about effects on anxiety treatment.

Objective

We evaluated effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on responses to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for anxiety, in a clinically heterogeneous sample of patients.

Methods

A sample of 764 outpatients were separated into four groups: (1) Pre-pandemic (start date on or prior to 12/31/2019), (2) Pandemic-Onset (start date from 01/01/2020 to 03/31/2020), (3) During-Pandemic (start date from 04/01/2020 through 12/31/2020), and (4) Post-Pandemic (start date on or after 01/01/2021). We subsequently compared treatment trajectories and effects within and between these groups over 5621 total time points (mean of 7.38 measurements per patient).

Results

Overall, patients presented with moderate levels of anxiety (M = 13.25, 95%CI: 12.87, 13.62), which rapidly decreased for 25 days (M = 9.46, 95%CI: 9.09, 9.83), and thereafter slowly declined into the mild symptom range over the remainder of the study period (M = 7.36, 95%CI: 6.81, 7.91), representing clinically as well as statistically significant change. A series of conditional multilevel regression models indicated that there were no substantive differences between groups, and no increase in anxiety during the acute pandemic phase.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that responses to treatment for anxiety were equivalent before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Among patients who were in treatment prior to the pandemic, we failed to detect an increase in anxiety during the pandemic’s acute phase (March 20th, 2020 through July 1st, 2020).
Internet searching and stock price informativeness: Evidence from Google withdrawal in China
Authors: Li Shuxian , Liu Xinheng
Published: March 2024

We analyze whether and how internet searching impacts stock price informativeness. Using the 2010 Google withdrawal in China as a quasi-natural experiment, we establish a causal effect between internet searching and stock price informativeness using a difference-in-difference framework. We find that firms with higher Google search volume experience a 10% decrease in stock price informativeness after the Google withdrawal. The negative effect of the Google withdrawal on stock price informativeness is pronounced in firms with more retail investors, larger state-ownership, and poor analysts’ earnings forecasts. Our results suggest that retail investors can benefit from internet searching to collect and process firm-specific information more efficiently.
The role of informal support systems during illness: A qualitative study of solo self-employed workers in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Khan Tauhid Hossain , MacEachen Ellen
Published: March 2024

Today’s labor market has changed over time, shifting from mostly full-time, secure, and standard employment relationships to mostly entrepreneurial and precarious working arrangements. In this context, self-employment (SE), a prominent type of precarious work, has been growing rapidly due to globalization, automation, technological advances, and the rise of the ’gig’ economy, among other factors. Employment precarity profoundly impacts workers’ health and well-being by undermining the comprehensiveness of social security systems, including occupational health and safety systems. This study examined how self-employed (SE’d) workers sought out support from informal support systems following illness, injury, and income reduction or loss. Based on in-depth interviews with 24 solo SE’d people in Ontario, Canada, narrative analysis was conducted of participants’ experiences with available informal supports following illness or injury. We identified three main ways that SE’d workers managed to sustain their businesses during periods of need: (i) by relying on savings; (ii) accessing loans and financial support through social networks, and (iii) receiving emotional and practical support. We conclude that SE’d workers managed to survive despite social security system coverage gaps by drawing on informal support systems.
Age differences in the context of climate change: Does exposure to a fake consensus statement make a difference?
Authors: Ayalon Liat
Published: March 2024

The present study examined whether people of different age groups respond differently to a true versus fake consensus statement concerning climate change. In total, 309 participants were randomly exposed to a true consensus statement about climate change and 311 were exposed to a false statement. Subsequently, respondents were asked to respond to items about attitudes, feelings, and behavioral intentions concerning climate change. Compared with younger people, older persons are significantly more concerned about climate change, more likely to report that climate change is real and more willing to take climate change action. Nevertheless, older persons also are more likely to be willing to post both fake and truthful information about climate change, thus, possibly serving as spreaders of both fake and truthful information. The findings suggest that it is younger people who will benefit from further education about climate change and older people who may benefit from education about the spread of information in social media. Our findings also suggest that simply providing individuals with consensus information has only limited impact on their climate change attitudes, feelings and behavioral intentions.
Estimates of the prevalence of male circumcision in sub-Saharan Africa from 2010–2023—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elsayed Basant , Elmarasi Mohamed , Madzime Ruvarashe J. , Mapahla Lovemore , ElBadway Menatalla M. S. , Chivese Tawanda
Published: March 2024

Background

Male circumcision (MC) is a key part of the package of interventions to prevent HIV, the biggest health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective

To estimate the male circumcision prevalence and to evaluate the progress towards meeting WHO targets in sub-Saharan Africa during the period 2010–2023.

Methods

We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published during the period 2010–2023. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar, WHO and the Demographic and Health Survey for reports on MC prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. MC prevalence was synthesized using inverse-variance heterogeneity models, heterogeneity using I2 statistics and publication bias using funnel plots.

Results

A total of 53 studies were included. The overall prevalence during the study period was 45.9% (95% CI 32.3–59.8), with a higher MC prevalence in Eastern (69.9%, 95%CI 49.9–86.8) compared to Southern African (33.3%, 95%CI 21.7–46.2). The overall prevalence was higher in urban (45.3%, 95%CI 27.7–63.4) compared to rural settings (42.6%, 95% 26.5–59.5). Male circumcision prevalence increased from 40.2% (95% CI 25.0–56.3) during 2010–2015 to 56.2% (95% CI 31.5–79.5) during 2016–2023. Three countries exceeded 80% MC coverage, namely, Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanzania.

Conclusion

Overall, the current MC prevalence is below 50%, with higher prevalence in Eastern African countries and substantially lower prevalence in Southern Africa. Most of the priority countries need to do more to scale up medical male circumcision programs.
Genetic structure and Rickettsia infection rates in Ixodes ovatus and Haemaphysalis flava ticks across different altitudes
Authors: Regilme Maria Angenica F. , Sato Megumi , Tamura Tsutomu , Arai Reiko , Sato Marcello Otake , Ikeda Sumire , Watanabe Kozo
Published: March 2024

Ixodid ticks, such as Ixodes ovatus and Haemaphysalis flava, are important vectors of tick-borne diseases in Japan, such as Japanese spotted fever caused by Rickettsia japonica. This study describes the Rickettsia infection rates influenced by the population genetic structure of I.ovatus and H. flava along an altitudinal gradient. A total of 346 adult I. ovatus and 243 H. flava were analyzed for the presence of Rickettsia by nested PCR targeting the 17kDA, gltA, rOmpA, and rOmpB genes. The population genetic structure was analyzed utilizing the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) marker. The Rickettsia infection rates were 13.26% in I. ovatus and 6.17% in H. flava. For I. ovatus, the global FST value revealed significant genetic differentiation among the different populations, whereas H. flava showed non-significant genetic differentiation. The cox1 I. ovatus cluster dendrogram showed two cluster groups, while the haplotype network and phylogenetic tree showed three genetic groups. A significant difference was observed in Rickettsia infection rates and mean altitude per group between the two cluster groups and the three genetic groups identified within I. ovatus. No significant differences were found in the mean altitude or Rickettsia infection rates of H. flava. Our results suggest a potential correlation between the low gene flow in I. ovatus populations and the spatially heterogeneous Rickettsia infection rates observed along the altitudinal gradient. This information can be used in understanding the relationship between the tick vector, its pathogen, and environmental factors, such as altitude, and for the control of tick-borne diseases in Japan.
Can we spot fake public comments generated by ChatGPT(-3.5, -4)?: Japanese stylometric analysis expose emulation created by one-shot learning
Authors: Zaitsu Wataru , Jin Mingzhe , Ishihara Shunichi , Tsuge Satoru , Inaba Mitsuyuki
Published: March 2024

Public comments are an important opinion for civic when the government establishes rules. However, recent AI can easily generate large quantities of disinformation, including fake public comments. We attempted to distinguish between human public comments and ChatGPT-generated public comments (including ChatGPT emulated that of humans) using Japanese stylometric analysis. Study 1 conducted multidimensional scaling (MDS) to compare 500 texts of five classes: Human public comments, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 generated public comments only by presenting the titles of human public comments (i.e., zero-shot learning, GPTzero), GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 emulated by presenting sentences of human public comments and instructing to emulate that (i.e., one-shot learning, GPTone). The MDS results showed that the Japanese stylometric features of the public comments were completely different from those of the GPTzero-generated texts. Moreover, GPTone-generated public comments were closer to those of humans than those generated by GPTzero. In Study 2, the performance levels of the random forest (RF) classifier for distinguishing three classes (human, GPTzero, and GPTone texts). RF classifiers showed the best precision for the human public comments of approximately 90%, and the best precision for the fake public comments generated by GPT (GPTzero and GPTone) was 99.5% by focusing on integrated next writing style features: phrase patterns, parts-of-speech (POS) bigram and trigram, and function words. Therefore, the current study concluded that we could discriminate between GPT-generated fake public comments and those written by humans at the present time.
Modeling opening price spread of Shanghai Composite Index based on ARIMA-GRU/LSTM hybrid model
Authors: Si Yuancheng , Nadarajah Saralees , Zhang Zongxin , Xu Chunmin
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic landscape of financial markets, accurate forecasting of stock indices remains a pivotal yet challenging task, essential for investors and policymakers alike. This study is motivated by the need to enhance the precision of predicting the Shanghai Composite Index’s opening price spread, a critical measure reflecting market volatility and investor sentiment. Traditional time series models like ARIMA have shown limitations in capturing the complex, nonlinear patterns inherent in stock price movements, prompting the exploration of advanced methodologies. The aim of this research is to bridge the gap in forecasting accuracy by developing a hybrid model that integrates the strengths of ARIMA with deep learning techniques, specifically Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) networks. This novel approach leverages the ARIMA model’s proficiency in linear trend analysis and the deep learning models’ capability in modeling nonlinear dependencies, aiming to provide a comprehensive tool for market prediction. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset covering the period from December 20, 1990, to June 2, 2023, the study develops and assesses the efficacy of ARIMA, LSTM, GRU, ARIMA-LSTM, and ARIMA-GRU models in forecasting the Shanghai Composite Index’s opening price spread. The evaluation of these models is based on key statistical metrics, including Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), to gauge their predictive accuracy. The findings indicate that the hybrid models, ARIMA-LSTM and ARIMA-GRU, perform better in forecasting the opening price spread of the Shanghai Composite Index than their standalone counterparts. This outcome suggests that combining traditional statistical methods with advanced deep learning algorithms can enhance stock market prediction. The research contributes to the field by providing evidence of the potential benefits of integrating different modeling approaches for financial forecasting, offering insights that could inform investment strategies and financial decision-making.
Approximation method for yielding support analysis in high ground stress soft surrounding rock tunnels
Authors: Xu Zhiming , Dong Biao , Bai Yashuang
Published: March 2024

In solving the whole process of interaction between soft rock and yielding support in high-stress environments in tunnels using mechanical analysis methods, it is challenging to simultaneously satisfy both displacement coordination and static equilibrium at the contact surface between the rock and the support structure. This paper, based on the mechanical analysis of rock and rigid support, considers the impact of the circumferential installation of yielding elements on radial displacement, and proposes displacement approximation and support force approximation methods using displacement coordination and static equilibrium as approximation conditions. The study fits curves of numerical simulation results and laboratory test results of yielding elements, and attempts to directly use the laboratory test data set of yielding elements as computational data. By calculating two circular tunnel examples and comparing the effects of the trisection method, bisection method, and substitution method on the convergence of the displacement approximation method, the effectiveness of the methods proposed in this paper is verified. The research results show that the two approximation algorithms proposed in this paper have good accuracy and reliability in calculating the relative displacement of rock and yielding support structure contact surfaces, and the support force of yielding support. The bisection method outperforms the trisection and substitution methods in terms of stability and convergence. However, there are certain limitations in this study, such as the effectiveness of the algorithm may be influenced by geological conditions; the complexity of actual geological conditions may exceed the assumptions of the current rock-support mechanical analysis model.
Functional differences between Andean oak (Quercus humboldtii Bonpl.) populations: The importance of intraspecific variation
Authors: Bonilla Diana , Castañeda-León Valentina , Corrales Adriana , Aldana Ana M. , Cárdenas Julieth V. , Sanchez Adriana
Published: March 2024

Monodominant tree communities can have phenotypic trait variation (intraspecific variation) as extreme as the trait variation across a forest with higher species diversity. An example of such forests is those composed of Quercus, an important genus of woody angiosperms in the montane neotropical forest. The Andean oak, or Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., is the sole member of this genus in South America and a characteristic component of montane ecosystems. Although there are several studies on the ecology and genetic structure of this species, there are few studies on the functional trait diversity among populations. Understanding functional traits can improve our comprehension of how organisms respond to various environmental conditions. In this study, we aimed to evaluate differences in six functional traits in individuals of the Andean oak, in two ontogenetic stages (juveniles and adults) from three populations with contrasting environmental conditions. Additionally, using T-statistics, we assessed the impact of external filters (e.g., climate, resource availability, large-scale biotic interactions) on population assembly. We found a remarkable level of functional differentiation among Andean oak forests, with all traits differing between populations and five traits differing between ontogenetic stages. External filters had a stronger influence in populations with more extreme environmental conditions. These findings emphasize the dynamic and context-dependent nature of functional traits in this species. However, given the limited exploration of functional diversity in Andean oak populations, further studies are needed to inform conservation efforts.
Machine learning algorithm for ventilator mode selection, pressure and volume control
Authors: T. Anitha , G. Gopu , P. Arun Mozhi Devan , Assaad Maher
Published: March 2024

Mechanical ventilation techniques are vital for preserving individuals with a serious condition lives in the prolonged hospitalization unit. Nevertheless, an imbalance amid the hospitalized people demands and the respiratory structure could cause to inconsistencies in the patient’s inhalation. To tackle this problem, this study presents an Iterative Learning PID Controller (ILC-PID), a unique current cycle feedback type controller that helps in gaining the correct pressure and volume. The paper also offers a clear and complete examination of the primarily efficient neural approach for generating optimal inhalation strategies. Moreover, machine learning-based classifiers are used to evaluate the precision and performance of the ILC-PID controller. These classifiers able to forecast and choose the perfect type for various inhalation modes, eliminating the likelihood that patients will require mechanical ventilation. In pressure control, the suggested accurate neural categorization exhibited an average accuracy rate of 88.2% in continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) mode and 91.7% in proportional assist ventilation (PAV) mode while comparing with the other classifiers like ensemble classifier has reduced accuracy rate of 69.5% in CPAP mode and also 71.7% in PAV mode. An average accuracy of 78.9% rate in other classifiers compared to neutral network in CPAP. The neural model had an typical range of 81.6% in CPAP mode and 84.59% in PAV mode for 20 cm H2O of volume created by the neural network classifier in the volume investigation. Compared to the other classifiers, an average of 72.17% was in CPAP mode, and 77.83% was in PAV mode in volume control. Different approaches, such as decision trees, optimizable Bayes trees, naive Bayes trees, nearest neighbour trees, and an ensemble of trees, were also evaluated regarding the accuracy by confusion matrix concept, training duration, specificity, sensitivity, and F1 score.
Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Lithuanian version of the Spine Functional Index
Authors: Vaičienė Giedrė , Berškienė Kristina , Zaveckas Vidmantas , Tamulionytė Vilma
Published: March 2024

Background

Low back pain is one of the most frequent medical problems caused by different factors. It is important to evaluate low back pain by choosing the best suited tool for the specific spine condition and pain severity. The Spine Functional Index (SFI) is a relatively new physical functioning-related questionnaire that can be used to assess different aspects of daily activities and movements. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the SFI for the Lithuanian language and to determine its psychometric properties of validity, reliability, construct stability, internal consistency and factor structure.

Methods

The study was designed as a two-stage observational study. Double forward and backward translations of SFI were performed for cultural adaptation for the Lithuanian language. For evaluation of psychometric properties, 125 participants with non-specific low back pain (duration of symptoms ≥ 6 weeks) rated their pain using Numeric Rating Scale, completed the Lithuanian version of SFI and Oswestry Disability Index. In 3 to 7 days all participants completed Lithuanian version SFI for the second time. The full sample was employed to determine internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct stability, measurement error, construct validity and factor structure.

Results

There was good internal consistency and reliability with Lithuanian version of SFI as Cronbach’s α = 0.92 and r = 0.82. Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.97 representing good construct stability. Measurement error from standard error of the mean (SEM) was 6.96, from Minimal Detectable Change (MDC) was 16.24. Construct validity between the Lithuanian version of SFI and Oswestry Disability Index was excellent (ρ = 0.83), and good between the SFI and Numeric Rating Scale (ρ = 0.55). The factor analysis demonstrated a one-factor solution explaining 35.04% of total variance.

Conclusion

Lithuanian version of SFI is a new reliable and valid instrument for functional evaluation of back pain in Lithuanian speaking patients.
Examining the association between speed and myoelectric activity: Time-based differences and muscle group balance
Authors: Porta Marco , Filetti Cristoforo , Chiari Aldo , Leo Italo , Padua Elvira , Briotti Gianluca , Messina Giuseppe , Moalla Wassim , Ruscello Bruno
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between speed and myoelectric activity, measured during an incremental 25m shuttle running test, exploring the time-based variations and assessing muscle group balance within the context of this association. Twelve male young soccer players (n = 12) aged 18±1.2 years, with an average body mass of 68.4±5.8kg and average body height of 1.72±0.08m, from a professional Italian youth team (Italian “Primavera”), volunteered as participants for this study. The speed of each player during testing was measured using GPS technology, sampling at 50Hz. Myoelectrical activities of the gluteus, hamstrings, and quadriceps muscles were recorded through wearable sEMG devices, sampled at 100Hz. To ensure alignment of the sampling frequencies, the sEMG data was resampled to 50Hz, matching the GPS data sampling rate. This allowed for direct comparison and analysis of the data obtained from both measurement systems. The collected data were then analyzed to determine the relationship between the investigated variables and any potential differences associated with different sides of the body. The results revealed a robust correlation (r2≈0.97) between the speed of the participants (m·s-1) and their myoelectrical activity (μV) during the test. Factorial ANOVA 2x11 showed no significant differences between the sides of the analyzed muscles (p>0.05). The interpolation lines generated by the association of speed and sEMG exhibit very similar angular coefficients (0.9 to 0.12) in all six measurements obtained from electromyography of the three investigated muscle groups on each side of the body. In conclusion, the concurrent validity between the two instruments in this study indicates that GPS and sEMG are valid and consistent in estimating external load and internal load during incremental shuttle running.
Preoperative diagnostic criteria for scleroatrophic gallbladder: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Bessa-Melo Renato , Fernandes Cristina , Aguiar Ana , Lopez-Ben Santiago , Guimarães Luís , Serralheiro Pedro
Published: March 2024

Background

Although scleroatrophic gallbladder is a rare condition, it presents significant clinical challenges in diagnosis and management. More agreement is needed on this disorder’s diagnostic criteria and optimal management approach. We will conduct a systematic review to summarise the scleroatrophic gallbladder’s preoperative diagnostic criteria, including imaging modalities.

Methods

A systematic review will be undertaken using the PRISMA guidelines. The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024503701). We will search in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to find original studies reporting about scleroatrophic gallbladder or synonymous. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts following the eligibility criteria. We will include all types of studies that describe any diagnostic criteria or tools. After retrieving the full text of the selected studies, we will conduct a standardised data extraction. Finally, a narrative synthesis will be performed. The quality of the identified studies will be assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies- 2 tool.

Discussion

This systematic review will provide information on the preoperative diagnostic criteria of the scleroatrophic gallbladder and the value of imaging studies in its diagnosis. In addition, this work will aid doctors in the decision-making process for diagnosing scleroatrophic gallbladder and propose treatment approaches to this condition.

Systematic review registration

The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024503701).
Vivencia, significado y factores influyentes en la lactancia materna desde la investigación cualitativa en la Comunidad de Madrid
Authors: Sanz-Durán Lidia , Mora Urda Ana Isabel , Pérez Bravo Dolores
Published: March 2024

La situación actual de la lactancia materna en España está lejos del cumplimiento de los estándares de la Organización Mundial de la Salud de alcanzar el 50 % de tasas de lactancia materna exclusiva los 6 meses en 2025, generando un amplio campo de mejora. El objetivo de esta investigación es conocer la vivencia de la decisión de amamantar y los factores que resultan determinantes para el mantenimiento de la lactancia materna en la Comunidad de Madrid.
Este estudio cualitativo fenomenológico se ha realizado entre enero y mayo de 2023 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con preguntas abiertas a 10 mujeres lactantes en torno a tres bloques temáticos: significación de la lactancia materna, factores que influyen en el inicio y factores que influyen en el mantenimiento. Contando con la aprobación del Comité de Ética y garantizando la confidencialidad, han sido grabadas, transcritas y posteriormente analizadas con el programa Atlas.ti.
La edad media de las participantes fue de 34,4 años, con patrones de lactancia materna exclusiva, lactancia materna parcial y alimentación complementaria. La categorización de las citas en códigos ha permitido interpretar las narraciones y comparar diferencias para manifestar la necesidad de entender cada proceso de lactancia materna de forma empática e individualizada. El apego aparece como significado importante. El inicio de la lactancia materna parece estar relacionado con la autoformación y la necesidad de mayor información. Respecto al mantenimiento influyen factores como el apoyo de la pareja y la necesidad de apoyo sanitario, social y laboral.
Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti y la obra pudica Isabella
Authors: Benavent Júlia
Published: March 2024

El manuscrito de la obra de Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti Pudica Isabel se conserva inédito en la Sächsische Landesbibliothek de Dresde. De esta obra el autor realizó dos redacciones. Una, Trattato de Pudicizia, es posterior a 1484, año en que murió su esposa Francesca Bruni, y la dedicó a su cuñada, Colomba Bruni. Años más tarde, escribió otra versión, que dedicó a Isabel la Católica, bajo el título de Pudica Isabel, como el mismo autor declara. Nuestro artículo plantea unas cuestiones sobre la naturaleza de esta obra y las fuentes clásicas de los exempla que usó el autor.
El amor y el honor en el tratado Discorsi di una donna alle giovini maritate del suo paese de Angelica Palli Bartolommei
Authors: Cueva Camblor Marta
Published: March 2024

En 1851, Angelica Palli Bartolommei publica sus Discorsi di una donna alle giovini maritate del suo paese, un tratado destinado a guiar y aconsejar a las mujeres casadas de su época. En esta obra de carácter educativo, Palli comenta diversos ámbitos de la vida de las mujeres, como el amor, el honor y el matrimonio, y nos ayuda a comprender que la sociedad de aquel entonces pedía un cambio urgente.
El rechazo del matrimonio en La reina de las tinieblas de Grazia Deledda
Authors: Ruiz León María José
Published: March 2024

Algunos de los relatos presentes en la antología La reina de las tinieblas de Grazia Deledda, publicada en 1903 y traducida al español en 2020, tienen como protagonistas a mujeres que, por diferentes circunstancias, rechazan el matrimonio. Siguiendo los presupuestos teóricos de Elaine Showalter, examinaremos las imágenes y los estereotipos de la mujer en tres de los relatos presentes en esta obra: «La reina de las tinieblas», «Sarra» y «Primeros besos», con el objetivo de trazar rasgos comunes y analizar los arquetipos matriarcales que subyacen en la construcción de sus protagonistas que se desvían del destino natural de la feminidad normativa y encauzan sus vidas a través de la feminidad sagrada de la que son portadoras.
Ocular complications in pediatric nephrotic syndrome treated with corticosteroids
Authors: L. Toruan Yulia Margareta , Trihono Partini Pudjihastuti , Sitorus Rita Sita , Dwipoerwantoro Pramita Gayatri
Published: March 2024

Background Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) and raised intraocular pressure (IOP) are the most common ocular complications of oral steroid administration, particularly following long-term use or treatment with high doses.

Objective To evaluate the association between cumulative steroid dose and duration of treatment with the occurrence of PSC and raised IOP, as well as its associated factors in children with idiopatic nephrotic syndrome (INS).

Methods This cross-sectional study included children aged 4–18 years with INS who received oral steroid therapy for at least six consecutive months. Patients underwent complete eye examinations by an ophthalmologist to evaluate their visual acuity as well as the occurrence of PSC and/or raised IOP. Results Of 92 subjects, 19.6% had PSC, 12% had raised IOP, and one had a best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of <6/20. The median cumulative steroid dose was 12,161 (range 1,795–81,398) mg and median treatment duration was 23 (range 6–84) months. There were significant positive associations between cumulative steroid dose as well as treatment duration and the occurrence of PSC, with cut-off points of 11,475 mg and 24 months, respectively, as determined by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. Females were four times more likely to have PSC compared to males (PR 4; 95%CI 1.57 to 13.38; P=0.001). Cumulative steroid dose and duration of treatment were not associated with raised IOP.

Conclusion Cumulative steroid dose of 11,475 mg or higher and/or duration of steroid therapy of 24 months of more were significantly associated with the occurrence of PSC, but not with raised IOP.
Cognitive function in Indonesian children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ulfa Marselya , Aditiawati Aditiawati , Hasanah Yulisnawati , Dhaini Shafri , Bakrie Achirul , Indra Raden Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Background Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of cognitive impairment. While the pathophysiology is still unclear, cognitive impairment in children with T1DM can result in significant negative effects on quality of life. 

Objective to evaluate the cognitive function of Indonesian children with T1DM and its association with glycemic control and to identify factors affecting cognitive function in children with T1DM.

Methods The cognitive function of children aged 6 years or older with T1DM was measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). We analyzed for potential associations between cognitive function and glycemic control based on mean HbA1c levels and other factors, such as the age of onset, duration of illness, and maternal educational attainment. We also identified failure to achieve age-appropriate results on any of the WISC-R subtests (cognitive impairment) and associated factors. 

Results A total of 46 subjects were included in this study, with a mean age of 12.8 (SD 3.4) years. There were 27 (58.7%) girls and 19 (41.3%) boys. Subjects’ mean full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was 91.35 (SD 11.43). A moderate negative correlation was found between FSIQ and mean HbA1c levels (r=-0.43; P<0.01). Children with mothers who had university degrees had significantly higher IQs (mean difference 7.39; 95%CI 3.10 to 13.66; P=0.02) than those with mothers without degrees. Failure of any WISC-R subtest was noted in 34 subjects, consisting of 17 verbal, 1 performance, and 34 verbal and performance subtests. A higher proportion of those with cognitive impairment had mean HbA1c >10%. However, compared to those with mean HbA1c ?10, the difference did not reach a statistical significance (OR 5.0; 95%CI 0.95 to 26.31; P=0.50)

Conclusion Glycemic control and maternal educational attainment are associated with cognitive function in Indonesian children with T1DM. Poor glycemic control is also associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment.
Relationship in Neighborhood Choice and the Impact on Academic Achievement in Housing Choice Voucher Participants
Authors: Kelly Damien
Published: March 2024

Housing Choice Vouchers have expanded housing opportunities for millions of low-income households throughout the United States. Vouchers provide low-income households the opportunity to move to different neighborhoods. A growing body of research has shown where a households reside has a large impact on both, economic outcomes, and the quality of their children’s education. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect neighborhood choice has on the academic achievement of Housing Choice Voucher participant’s high school aged children. Using survey data, this study explored the relationship neighborhood choice had on passing STAAR reading and mathematics exam in three different socioeconomic settings comprised of low, middle, and high-income neighborhoods. Additionally, it explored if the use of neighborhood resources and perceived neighborhood characteristics correlated to the passing STAAR reading and mathematics exam. Findings were analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and frequency distributions. Findings suggest the income level of neighborhoods did not correlate to the passing of the standardized test. However, neighborhood resources of police services did have a relationship to passing STAAR reading exam. Though a statistically significant number of participants did utilize mentoring programs, these programs did not have a relationship to passing STAAR mathematics. Due to low participation in the survey, hesitancy must be used when generalizing the results.
Detection of the GW of the Crab Pulsar in the LIGO and Virgo O3b series
Authors: Herbert Weidner
Published: March 2024

After compensation for phase modulation and frequency drift, the pulsar's GW can be detected in the records of all three interferometers. The signatures agree with the known values measured with electromagnetic waves.
Key Factor Influencing Corneal Edema with Scleral Lens Wear; Healthy Versus Unhealthy Corneas
Authors: karadsheh sahar
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Scleral lenses are an important treatment option for irregular corneas, but improper fitting can cause hypoxia and edema. This review elucidates key factors influencing corneal edema with ScL wear in healthy and compromised corneas. ScL parameters like oxygen permeability, thickness, post-lens tear film thickness, limbal clearance, and alignment impact edema. Studies show high oxygen permeability (DK 100+) lenses under 300 μm thickness typically limit edema to under 2% in healthy eyes. Theoretical modeling and many studies advise post lens tear film thickness <200 μm. Compromised corneas are more susceptible to edema from hypoxia and mechanical stress. Shorter wearing times and close monitoring of corneal health are advised for compromised corneas. There are gaps regarding long-term safety, regional edema response, and the optimal lens parameters for compromised corneas. Further large studies controlling confounding factors and standardizing measurements would strengthen our understanding of the relationship between scleral lenses and corneal edema.