bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dark Side of the Entangled Informational Universe
Authors: Denis Olivier
Published: November 2022

After having explored some basic theoretical concepts about the quantum information approach, we focus on Entropic Information Theory which is an informational approach mathematically based on the mass of the bit of information; massbit = \(\frac{kTIn(2)}{c^2}\). The mass of the bit of information and the new entropy formulae associated to it,S = k2\(\frac{TIn(2)t}{h}\) , and its alternative writings lead to new formulation,SBH = K\(\frac{c^3In(2)tevap}{16\pi^2GM}\), to calculate the entropy of black holes independently of the law of area. Being able to express the fine-grained gravitational entropy of a black hole using the rules of gravity, we can, at this level, speak of quantum gravity as emerging through the fundamentality of entangled quantum information by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom; indeed, information being a quantum state change due to the modification of one degree of freedom from the considered quantum system. In addition, we calculated the informational content of the observable universe using the entropic information formula, to obtain, 1.57 1099  bits, a result remarkably close to some previous estimates to account for all the dark matter missing in the visible Universe. After that, we calculated the amount of energy associated with this informational content using Landauer's principle, to obtain, 3.50 1076 Joules, a result that we can relate to dark energy estimates. Moreover, some deep considerations based on the perspectives of Entropic Information Theory have been explored. This new complete mathematical framework of Entropic Information Theory can explain various processes being several aspects of the same, entangled information, by considering that information emerges from degree of freedom, it is the theoretical framework of the entangled informational universe.
Medicaid’s Moment for Protecting and Promoting Women’s Health
Authors: Dar Mohammad Hussain , Fotinos Charissa , Cogle Christopher R.
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint examines pathways that advocates, policy makers, states, and Medicaid agencies can take to identify opportunities for state Medicaid agencies to protect and promote perinatal health.
The Future of Functional Neuroimaging in Parkinsonism
Authors: Norris Scott A. , Perlmutter Joel S.
Published: November 2022

This Viewpoint discusses the current lack of evidence of functional neuroimaging affecting patient outcomes in parkinsonian conditions.
Associations Between State-Level Changes in Reproductive Health Services and Indicators of Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Hawkins Summer Sherburne , Harper Sam , Baum Christopher F. , Kaufman Jay S.
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study examines the legislative, state, economic, and racial factors in increased severe maternal morbidity risk in pregnant individuals.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) Rescue Diabetic Cardiac Dysfuntions in Human iPSC‐Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhou Ying , Huang Shuting , Li Chengwu , Qiao Yue , Liu Qing , Chen Taotao , Wang Jiaxian , Liu Yu
Published: November 2022

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) can improve cardiac function and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic cardiomyopathy; however, the beneficial effect of GLP‐1 on human diabetic cardiomyocytes (DCMs) and its mechanism have not been fully elucidated. Here, the DCMs model by human‐induced pluripotent stem cells‐derived cardiomyocytes is developed. Two subtypes of GLP‐1, GLP‐17–36 and GLP‐19‐36, are evaluated for their efficacy on the DCMs model. Diabetogenic condition is sufficient to induce most characteristics of diabetic cardiomyopathy in vitro, such as cardiac hypertrophy, lipid accumulation, impaired calcium transients, and abnormal electrophysiological properties. GLP‐17−36 and GLP‐19–36 can restore cardiomyocyte hypertrophic phenotype, impaired calcium transient frequency, abnormal action potential amplitude, depolarization, and repolarization velocity. Interestingly, RNA‐seq reveals different pathways altered by GLP‐17–36 and GLP‐19–36, respectively. Differentially expressed gene analysis reveals that possible targets of GLP‐17–36 involve the regulation of mitotic nuclear division and extracellular matrix–receptor interaction, while possible targets of GLP‐19–36 involve kinetochore assembly, and the complement and coagulation cascades. This study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of GLP‐1 on human DCMs and provides a novel platform to unveil the cellular mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy, shedding light on discovering better targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
Brine Refrigerants for Low‐cost, Safe Aqueous Supercapacitors with Ultra‐long Stable Operation at Low Temperatures
Authors: You Chaolin , Wu Wenbin , Yuan Wangsheng , Han Peng , Zhang QianYu , Chen Xi , Yuan Xinhai , Liu Lili , Ye Jilei , Fu Lijun , Wu Yuping
Published: November 2022

Traditional aqueous energy storage devices are difficult to operate at low temperatures owing to the poor ionic conductivity and sluggish interfacial dynamics in frozen electrolytes. Herein, the low‐cost brine refrigerants for food freezing and preservation as electrolytes, and unexpectedly realize high ionic conductivity and stable operation of an aqueous storage device at low temperatures are demonstrated. A CaCl2 brine refrigerant electrolyte (BRE) with a low freezing point −55 °C and high ionic conductivity (10.1 mS cm−1 at −50 °C) is developed for supercapacitors (SCs), which retains 80% of the room temperature capacity at −50 °C and exhibits ultra‐long cycle life with excellent capacity retention of 92% over 98,500 cycles, outperforming the other SCs which can be operated below −40 °C in literature. Moreover, the SCs with MgCl2 and NaCl BREs can also be operated successfully with excellent cycle stability and high‐capacity retention at low temperatures of −30 and −20 °C, respectively. Fundamental correlation between various cations and their effect on the freezing point reduction of aqueous electrolytes is revealed via Raman investigation and molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides a rational design strategy for green, inexpensive, and safe low‐temperature aqueous electrolytes for energy storage devices.
Electron Transfer‐Induced Metal Spin‐Crossover at NiCo2S4/ReS2 2D–2D Interfaces for Promoting pH‐universal Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Pei Chengang , Kim Min‐Cheol , Li Yuankai , Xia Chengkai , Kim Jaekyum , So Won , Yu Xu , Park Ho Seok , Kim Jung Kyu
Published: November 2022

The development of an efficient pH‐universal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst is essential for practical hydrogen production. Here, an efficient and stable pH‐universal HER electrocatalyst composed of the strongly coupled 2D NiCo2S4 and 2D ReS2 nanosheets (NiCo2S4/ReS2) is demonstrated. The NiCo2S4/ReS2 2D–2D nanocomposite is directly grown on the surface of the carbon cloth substrate, which exhibits excellent HER performance with overpotentials of 85 and 126 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 78.3 and 67.8 mV dec−1 under both alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Theoretical and experimental characterizations reveal that the chemical coupling between NiCo2S4 and ReS2 layers induces electron transfer from Ni and Co to interfacial Re‐neighbored S atoms, enabling beneficial H atom adsorption and desorption for both acidic and alkaline HER. Simultaneously, an electron transfer‐induced spin‐crossover generates high‐spin interfacial Ni and Co atoms that promote water dissociation kinetics at the NiCo2S4/ReS2 interface, which is the origin of the superior alkaline HER activity. NiCo2S4/ReS2 also shows decent catalytic activity and long‐term durability for oxygen evolution reaction, and finally bifunctionality for overall water splitting. This study suggests a rational strategy to enhance water dissociation kinetics by inducing spin‐crossover via electron transfer.
Shape‐Deformable and Locomotive MXene (Ti3C2Tx)‐Encapsulated Magnetic Liquid Metal for 3D‐Motion‐Adaptive Synapses
Authors: Kim HoYeon , Lee Kyuho , Oh Jin Woo , Kim Youngwoo , Park Jung‐Eun , Jang Jihye , Lee Seung Won , Lee Seokyeong , Koo Chong Min , Park Cheolmin
Published: November 2022

Owing to their unique surface chemistry, room‐temperature pseudoliquidity, and high electrical conductivity, gallium‐based liquid metals (LMs) exhibit multifunctionality. To grant deformable and self‐flowing characteristics to LMs, magnetic particles are incorporated for precisely controlling the LM motion and shape deformability. However, LM surface‐adhesion and corrosivity hinders the integration of LMs into complex circuits and devices owing to potential alloying with other metals and contamination of their surroundings. In this study, a highly conductive Ti3C2Tx (MXene)‐encapsulated magnetic LM (MX–MLM) is developed using a feasible fabrication method. The MX–MLM comprises magnetic particles suspended within its core and self‐assembled MXene flakes on the surface to maintain the nonwettability and high electrical conductivity of a liquid droplet. The noncorrosivity and increased magnetism of the MX–MLM enable nonstick magnetic‐field‐induced locomotion and shape deformation on various surfaces including metals, oxides, and polymers. Furthermore, the MX–MLM exhibits recyclability and magnetic‐field‐induced self‐healing. To demonstrate its functionality, the MX–MLM is employed as a magnetointeractive, shape‐deformable, and locomotive top gate electrode in a transistor fabricated using a ferroelectric polymer gate insulator. The device exhibits excellent magnetointeractive synaptic capability for detecting and learning 3D path information.
Atomic Optimization on Pyran‐Fused Nonfullerene Acceptor Enables Organic Solar Cells With an Efficiency Approaching 16% and Reduced Energy Loss
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Li Zhixiang , Song Guangkun , Jiang Changzun , Yang Yang , Wang Jian , Wan Xiangjian , Li Chenxi , Yao Zhaoyang , Chen Yongsheng
Published: November 2022

Atomic replacement on platforms of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) with already excellent performance is expected to further optimize the energy levels, absorptions, and even charge transfer dynamics of NFAs effectively without greatly destroying their superior molecular conformations. On the basis of high‐performance F‐series NFAs, the structural optimization at atomic level is performed by replacing sulfur atoms in FO‐2Cl with selenium atoms, thus affording a new NFA labeled as FOSe‐2Cl. FOSe‐2Cl not only inherits the good planar configuration of FO‐2Cl, but also exhibits more suitable energy levels, redshifted absorption, enhanced molecular packing, and accelerative charge transfer/transport dynamics compared with those of FO‐2Cl. With a widely used polymer PM6 as the donor, organic solar cell (OSC) based on FOSe‐2Cl affords a significantly improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.94% with a reduced energy loss (Eloss) of 0.670 eV, with respect to that of FO‐2Cl‐based OSC with a PCE of 14.94% and Eloss of 0.706 eV. The result represents the best performance reported to date for pyran‐fused NFAs and F‐series NFAs‐based binary OSCs, providing another promising platform to achieve the state‐of‐the‐art OSCs in addition to the well‐known Y‐series NFAs.
Dual‐Responsive Nanocomposites for Synergistic Antibacterial Therapies Facilitating Bacteria‐Infected Wound Healing
Authors: Cheng Shi , Qi Manlin , Li Wen , Sun Wenyue , Li Meiqi , Lin Jinying , Bai Xue , Sun Yue , Dong Biao , Wang Lin
Published: November 2022

The rising dangers of bacterial infections have created an urgent need for the development of a new generation of antibacterial technologies and therapeutics. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT), considered as a noninvasive treatment with no drug resistance, has become a new promising photochemistry‐involved treatment strategy. Titanium oxide (TiO2) is proved to be a very efficient PDT agent among the photosensitive materials, while the property of a large bandgap of TiO2 makes it only be excited by ultraviolet light, which is harmful to organisms. In this work, a novel ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) mediated TiO2 PDT strategy is proposed via the harmless near‐infrared light irradiation. By choosing a mussel‐inspired material, polydopamine (PDA) is involved in forming mesoporous TiO2@PDA nanoparticles (mTiO2@PDA NPs). The catechol groups of PDA can attach the TiO2 tightly even in colloidal environments, and can also form the LMCT bridge, exciting TiO2 to exert PDT function via 808 nm irradiation. Combining the sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of TiO2 and the photothermal therapy properties of PDA, this simple structure mTiO2@PDA enables synergistic antibacterial applications with multiple functions under the dual excitation of NIR and ultrasound. This reliable all‐in‐one NPs can achieve great antibacterial effect and a rapid repair of infected wounds.
Hierarchical Porous Monoliths of Steel with Self‐Reinforcing Adaptive Properties
Authors: Carpenter Julia A. , Saraw Zoubeir , Schwegler Alain , Magrini Tommaso , Kuhn Gisela , Rafsanjani Ahmad , Studart André R.
Published: November 2022

Porous structures offer an attractive approach to reduce the amount of natural resources used while maintaining relatively high mechanical efficiency. However, for some applications the drop in mechanical properties resulting from the introduction of porosity is too high, which has limited the broader utilization of porous materials in industry. Here, it is shown that steel monoliths can be designed to display high mechanical efficiency and reversible self‐reinforcing properties when made with porous architectures with up to three hierarchical levels. Ultralight steel structures that can float on water and autonomously adapt their stiffness are manufactured by the thermal reduction and sintering of 3D printed foam templates. Using distinct mechanical testing techniques, image analysis, and finite element simulations, the mechanisms leading to the high mechanical efficiency and self‐stiffening ability of the hierarchical porous monoliths are studied. The design and fabrication of mechanically stable porous monoliths using iron as a widely available natural resource is expected to contribute to the future development of functional materials with a more sustainable footprint.
Thickness Dependence of Interface‐Generated Spin Currents in Ferromagnet/Ti/CoFeB Trilayers
Authors: Choi Gaeun , Ryu Jeongchun , Lee Sungjun , Kang Jaimin , Noh Namgyu , Yuk Jong Min , Park Byong‐Guk
Published: November 2022

Interface‐generated spin currents in ferromagnet (FM)/nonmagnet (NM) structures provide both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane spin–orbit torques (SOTs), enabling the field‐free switching of perpendicular magnetization of the other FM layer in magnetic trilayers. In this study, the NM thickness dependence of interface‐generated spin currents and associated SOTs in FM/Ti/CoFeB trilayers is investigated. In such magnetic trilayers, it is known that the in‐plane SOT results from the spin–orbit filtering of the interface‐generated spin current, while the out‐of‐plane SOT is due to the spin–orbit precession. These results show that the polarity of current‐induced magnetization switching under an in‐plane magnetic field reverses with increasing Ti thickness. This indicates that the sign of the in‐plane SOT depends on the current distribution between the bottom FM and Ti layers. On the other hand, field‐free switching occurs only for a Ti thickness of up to ≈4 nm, and the same polarity is retained, demonstrating that out‐of‐plane SOT is governed by the charge current flowing near the interface. These results suggest that field‐free switching efficiency can be enhanced by engineering the relative conductance of the FM/NM bilayers to constructively combine in‐plane and out‐of‐plane SOTs caused by interface‐generated spin currents.
Printed Humidity Sensors from Renewable and Biodegradable Materials
Authors: Aeby Xavier , Bourely James , Poulin Alexandre , Siqueira Gilberto , Nyström Gustav , Briand Danick
Published: November 2022

Increasing environmental concerns raised by the accumulation of electronic waste draws attention to the development of sustainable materials for short‐lived electronics. In this framework, printed capacitive humidity sensors and temperature resistive detectors composed exclusively of biodegradable materials: shellac, carbon‐derived particles, and egg‐albumin are reported. The sensor platform comprises interdigitated electrodes serving as a capacitive transducer for humidity sensing, and a serpentine used as a resistive temperature detector. Both the interdigitated and serpentine electrodes are manufactured by screen‐printing carbon ink on a shellac substrate. The humidity sensors are constructed by drop‐coating egg albumin on the interdigitated carbon electrodes and the temperature detector is prepared by encapsulating the serpentine design with shellac. Shellac is shown to be a biodegradable alternative to hydrophilic cellulose‐derived substrates, with the capacitive humidity sensors demonstrating a sensitivity of 0.011% RH−1. The response and recovery times on shellac are 12 and 20 times faster than on cellulose‐based substrate, and the serpentine resistive temperature detectors have a temperature coefficient of 5300 ppm K−1. At the end of their service‐life, the sensors produced are home compostable and can be environmentally friendly disposed, potentially enabling their future use for sustainable and environmentally friendly smart‐packaging, agricultural sensing, or point‐of‐care testing.
Experimental Identification of the Second‐Order Non‐Hermitian Skin Effect with Physics‐Graph‐Informed Machine Learning
Authors: Shang Ce , Liu Shuo , Shao Ruiwen , Han Peng , Zang Xiaoning , Zhang Xiangliang , Salama Khaled Nabil , Gao Wenlong , Lee Ching Hua , Thomale Ronny , Manchon Aurélien , Zhang Shuang , Cui Tie Jun , Schwingenschlögl Udo
Published: November 2022

Topological phases of matter are conventionally characterized by the bulk‐boundary correspondence in Hermitian systems. The topological invariant of the bulk in d dimensions corresponds to the number of (d − 1)‐dimensional boundary states. By extension, higher‐order topological insulators reveal a bulk‐edge‐corner correspondence, such that nth order topological phases feature (d − n)‐dimensional boundary states. The advent of non‐Hermitian topological systems sheds new light on the emergence of the non‐Hermitian skin effect (NHSE) with an extensive number of boundary modes under open boundary conditions. Still, the higher‐order NHSE remains largely unexplored, particularly in the experiment. An unsupervised approach—physics‐graph‐informed machine learning (PGIML)—to enhance the data mining ability of machine learning with limited domain knowledge is introduced. Through PGIML, the second‐order NHSE in a 2D non‐Hermitian topoelectrical circuit is experimentally demonstrated. The admittance spectra of the circuit exhibit an extensive number of corner skin modes and extreme sensitivity of the spectral flow to the boundary conditions. The violation of the conventional bulk‐boundary correspondence in the second‐order NHSE implies that modification of the topological band theory is inevitable in higher dimensional non‐Hermitian systems.
Pure 2D Perovskite Formation by Interfacial Engineering Yields a High Open‐Circuit Voltage beyond 1.28 V for 1.77‐eV Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: He Rui , Yi Zongjin , Luo Yi , Luo Jincheng , Wei Qi , Lai Huagui , Huang Hao , Zou Bingsuo , Cui Guangyao , Wang Wenwu , Xiao Chuanxiao , Ren Shengqiang , Chen Cong , Wang Changlei , Xing Guichuan , Fu Fan , Zhao Dewei
Published: November 2022

Surface post‐treatment using ammonium halides effectively reduces large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) losses in bromine‐rich wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear and the device efficiency lags largely behind. Here, a facile strategy of precisely tailoring the phase purity of 2D perovskites on top of 3D WBG perovskite and realizing high device efficiency is reported. The transient absorption spectra, cross‐sectional confocal photoluminescence mapping, and cross‐sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy are combined to demonstrate optimal defect passivation effect and surface electric‐field of pure n = 1 2D perovskites formed atop 3D WBG perovskites via low‐temperature annealing. As a result, the inverted champion device with 1.77‐eV perovskite absorber achieves a high VOC of 1.284 V and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.72%, delivering the smallest VOC deficit of 0.486 V among WBG PSCs with a bandgap higher than 1.75 eV. This enables one to achieve a four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem solar cell with a PCE exceeding 25% by combining with a 1.25‐eV low‐bandgap PSC.
Deconstruction of Vermal Cerebellum in Ramp Locomotion in Mice
Authors: Lyu Chenfei , Yu Chencen , Sun Guanglong , Zhao Yue , Cai Ruolan , Sun Hao , Wang Xintai , Jia Guoqiang , Fan Lingzhu , Chen Xi , Zhou Lin , Shen Ying , Gao Lixia , Li Xinjian
Published: November 2022

The cerebellum is involved in encoding balance, posture, speed, and gravity during locomotion. However, most studies are carried out on flat surfaces, and little is known about cerebellar activity during free ambulation on slopes. Here, it has been imaged the neuronal activity of cerebellar molecular interneurons (MLIs) and Purkinje cells (PCs) using a miniaturized microscope while a mouse is walking on a slope. It has been found that the neuronal activity of vermal MLIs specifically enhanced during uphill and downhill locomotion. In addition, a subset of MLIs is activated during entire uphill or downhill positions on the slope and is modulated by the slope inclines. In contrast, PCs showed counter‐balanced neuronal activity to MLIs, which reduced activity at the ramp peak. So, PCs may represent the ramp environment at the population level. In addition, chemogenetic inactivation of lobule V of the vermis impaired uphill locomotion. These results revealed a novel micro‐circuit in the vermal cerebellum that regulates ambulatory behavior in 3D terrains.
Conformal Imidazolium 1D Perovskite Capping Layer Stabilized 3D Perovskite Films for Efficient Solar Modules
Authors: Chen Ruihao , Shen Hui , Chang Qing , Tang Ziheng , Nie Siqing , Chen Bili , Ping Tan , Wu Binghui , Yin Jun , Li Jing , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: November 2022

Although the perovskite solar cells have been developed rapidly, the industrialization of perovskite photovoltaics is still facing challenges, especially considering their stability issues. Here, the new type of benzimidazolium salt, N,N′‐dialkylbenzimidazolium iodide, is proposed and functionalized to convert the three‐dimensional (3D) FACs‐perovskite films into one‐dimensional (1D) capping layer topped 1D/3D structure either in individual device or module levels. This conformal interface modulation demonstrates that not only can effectively stabilize FACs‐based perovskite films by inhibiting the lateral and vertical iodide diffusions in devices or modules, ensuring an excellent operation and environmental stability, but also provides an excellent charge transporting channel through the well‐designed 1D crystal structure. Consequently, efficient device performance with power conversion efficiency up to 24.3% is readily achieved. And the large‐area perovskite solar modules with high efficiency (19.6% for the active areas of 18 cm2) and long‐term stability (about 500 h in AM 1.5G illumination or about 1000 h under double‐85 conditions) are also successfully verified.
Generation and Integrated Analysis of Advanced Patient‐Derived Orthoxenograft Models (PDOX) for the Rational Assessment of Targeted Therapies in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Devis‐Jauregui Laura , Vidal August , Plata‐Peña Laura , Santacana Maria , García‐Mulero Sandra , Bonifaci Nuria , Noguera‐Delgado Eulàlia , Ruiz Nuria , Gil Marta , Dorca Eduard , Llobet Francisco J. , Coll‐Iglesias Laura , Gassner Katja , Martinez‐Iniesta Maria , Rodriguez‐Barrueco Ruth , Barahona Marc , Marti Lola , Viñals Francesc , Ponce Jordi , Sanz‐Pamplona Rebeca , Piulats Josep M. , Vivancos Ana , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Villanueva Alberto , Llobet‐Navas David
Published: November 2022

Clinical management of endometrial cancer (EC) is handicapped by the limited availability of second line treatments and bona fide molecular biomarkers to predict recurrence. These limitations have hampered the treatment of these patients, whose survival rates have not improved over the last four decades. The advent of coordinated studies such as The Cancer Genome Atlas Uterine Corpus Endometrial Carcinoma (TCGA_UCEC) has partially solved this issue, but the lack of proper experimental systems still represents a bottleneck that precludes translational studies from successful clinical testing in EC patients. Within this context, the first study reporting the generation of a collection of endometrioid‐EC‐patient‐derived orthoxenograft (PDOX) mouse models is presented that is believed to overcome these experimental constraints and pave the way toward state‐of‐the‐art precision medicine in EC. The collection of primary tumors and derived PDOXs is characterized through an integrative approach based on transcriptomics, mutational profiles, and morphological analysis; and it is demonstrated that EC tumors engrafted in the mouse uterus retain the main molecular and morphological features from analogous tumor donors. Finally, the molecular properties of these tumors are harnessed to assess the therapeutic potential of trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) inhibitor with growing interest in EC, using patient‐derived organotypic multicellular tumor spheroids and in vivo experiments.
Ultrafast Near‐Ideal Phase‐Change Memristive Physical Unclonable Functions Driven by Amorphous State Variations
Authors: Go Shao‐Xiang , Wang Qiang , Lim Kian Guan , Lee Tae Hoon , Bajalovic Natasa , Loke Desmond K.
Published: November 2022

There is an ever‐increasing demand for next‐generation devices that do not require passwords and are impervious to cloning. For traditional hardware security solutions in edge computing devices, inherent limitations are addressed by physical unclonable functions (PUF). However, realizing efficient roots of trust for resource constrained hardware remains extremely challenging, despite excellent demonstrations with conventional silicon circuits and archetypal oxide memristor‐based crossbars. An attractive, down‐scalable approach to design efficient cryptographic hardware is to harness memristive materials with a large‐degree‐of‐randomness in materials state variations, but this strategy is still not well understood. Here, the utilization of high‐degree‐of‐randomness amorphous (A) state variations associated with different operating conditions via thermal fluctuation effects is demonstrated, as well as an integrated framework for in memory computing and next generation security primitives, viz., APUF, for achieving secure key generation and device authentication. Near ideal uniformity and uniqueness without additional initial writing overheads in weak memristive A‐PUF is achieved. In‐memory computing empowers a strong exclusive OR (XOR‐) and‐repeat A PUF construction to avoid machine learning attacks, while rapid crystallization processes enable large‐sized‐key reconfigurability. These findings pave the way for achieving a broadly applicable security primitive for enhancing antipiracy of integrated systems and product authentication in supply chains.
Perylene‐Mediated Electron Leakage in Respiratory Chain to Trigger Endogenous ROS Burst for Hypoxic Cancer Chemo‐Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Bianbian , Zheng Rijie , Liu Yuting , Lou Xue , Zhang Wei , Cui Zhanjun , Huang Yongwei , Wang Tie
Published: November 2022

Perylene derivatives can be stimulated by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment to generate radical anion that is proposed to arouse electron exchange with oxidizing substance, and in turn, realize reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst. Here, three perylene therapeutic agents, PDI‐NI, PDIB‐NI, and PDIC‐NI, are developed and it is found that the minimum lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level makes PDIC‐NI most easily accept electrons from the oxidative respiratory chain to form lots of anions, and the resultant maximum ROS generation, establishing an unambiguous mechanism for the formation of perylene radical anions in the cell, presents solid evidence for LUMO energy level determining endogenous ROS burst. Stirringly, PDIC‐NI‐induced ROS generation arouses enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress and concurrently activates immunogenic cell death (ICD), which not only efficiently kills lung tumor cells but also reprograms immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, including the cytokine secretion, dendritic cell maturation, as well as cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation, to inhibit the growth of xenografted and metastasis tumor, presenting a proof‐of‐concept demonstration of perylene that acts as an integrated therapeutic agent to well realize hypoxia‐activated chemotherapy with ICD‐induced immunotherapy on lung cancer.
Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Nanotechnology for Precision Theranostics
Authors: Wu Qian , Fu Siyuan , Xiao Hanyang , Du Jiaxin , Cheng Fang , Wan Shuangshuang , Zhu Houjuan , Li Dan , Peng Fei , Ding Xianguang , Wang Lianhui
Published: November 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly been recognized as important cell surrogates influencing many pathophysiological processes, including cellular homeostasis, cancer progression, neurologic disease, and infectious disease. These behaviors enable EVs broad application prospects for clinical application in disease diagnosis and treatment. Many studies suggest that EVs are superior to conventional synthetic carriers in terms of drug delivery and circulating biomarkers for early disease diagnosis, opening up new frontiers for modern theranostics. Despite these clinical potential, EVs containing diverse cellular components, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites are highly heterogeneous and small size. The limitation of preparatory, engineering and analytical technologies for EVs poses technical barriers to clinical translation. This article aims at present a critical overview of emerging technologies in EVs field for biomedical applications and challenges involved in their clinic translations. The current methods for isolation and identification of EVs are discussed. Additionally, engineering strategies developed to enhance scalable production and improved cargo loading as well as tumor targeting are presented. The superior clinical potential of EVs, particularly in terms of different cell origins and their application in the next generation of diagnostic and treatment platforms, are clarified.
Responsive Accumulation of Nanohybrids to Boost NIR‐Phototheranostics for Specific Tumor Imaging and Glutathione Depletion‐Enhanced Synergistic Therapy
Authors: He Liangcan , Zheng Nannan , Wang Qinghui , Du Jiarui , Wang Shumin , Cao Zhiyue , Wang Zhantong , Chen Guanying , Mu Jing , Liu Shaoqin , Chen Xiaoyuan
Published: November 2022

Dynamic regulation of nanoparticles in a controllable manner has great potential in various areas. Compared to the individual nanoparticles, the assembled nanoparticles exhibit superior properties and functions, which can be applied to achieve desirable performances. Here, a pH‐responsive i‐motif DNA‐mediated strategy to tailor the programmable behaviors of erbium‐based rare‐earth nanoparticles (ErNPs) decorated copper doped metal‐organic framework (CPM) nanohybrids (ECPM) under physiological conditions is reported. Within the acidic tumor microenvironment, the i‐motif DNA strands are able to form quadruplex structures, resulting in the assembly of nanohybrids and selective tumor accumulation, which further amplify the ErNPs downconversion emission (1550 nm) signal for imaging. Meanwhile, the ECPM matrix acts as a near‐infrared (NIR) photon‐activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) amplifier through the singlet oxygen generation of the matrix in combination with its ability of intracellular glutathione depletion upon irradiation. In short, this work displays a classical example of engineering of nanoparticles, which will manifest the importance of developing nanohybrids with structural programmability in biomedical applications.
Electron‐Extraction Engineering Induced 1T’’‐1T’ Phase Transition of Re0.75V0.25Se2 for Ultrafast Sodium Ion Storage
Authors: Fang Yuqiang , Lv Ximeng , Lv Zhuoran , Wang Yang , Zheng Gengfeng , Huang Fuqiang
Published: November 2022

Inducing new phases of transition metal dichalcogenides by controlling the d‐electron‐count has attracted much interest due to their novel structures and physicochemical properties. 1T’’ ReSe2 is a promising candidate for sodium storage, but the low electronic conductivity and limited active sites hinder its electrochemical capacity. Herein, new‐phase 1T’ Re0.75V0.25Se2 crystals (P2/m) with zig‐zag chains are successfully synthesized. The 1T’’‐1T’ phase transition results from the electronic reorganization of 5d orbitals via electron extraction after V‐atom doping. The electrical conductivity of 1T’ Re0.75V0.25Se2 is 2.7 × 105 times higher than that of 1T’’ ReSe2. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that 1T’ Re0.75V0.25Se2 has a larger interlayer spacing, lower bonding energy, and migration energy barrier for Na+ ions than 1T’’ ReSe2. As a result, 1T’ Re0.75V0.25Se2 electrode shows an excellent rate capability of 203 mAh g−1 at 50 C with no capacity fading over 5000 cycles for sodium storage, which is superior to most reported sodium‐ion anode materials. This 1T’ Re0.75V0.25Se2 provides a new platform for various applications such as electronics, catalysis, and energy storage.
Yield loss in rice by acute ozone pollution could be recovered
Authors: Zhang Guoyou , Hu Qinan , Cao Rong , Fu Rao , Risalat Hamdulla , Pan Xiaoya , Hu Yaxin , Shang Bo , Wu Rongjun
Published: November 2022

Rising concentration of surface O3 threatens crop production and food security. To improve the evaluation and develop efficient adaptations, it is essential to study the effects of acute O3 pollution. We adopted this study by open‐top chamber (OTC) method and found that the fumigation of elevated O3 (NF40) for short (tillering and jointing, heading and ripening) and long periods during rice growth reduced the grain yield by 17, 19 and 25%, respectively, showing that both of the acute and chronic O3 pollution reduce rice production. Moreover, in comparison with the plants under chronic O3 pollution, grain yield was increased when O3 was removed at different stages: 32% increment at tillering and jointing and 34% increment at heading and ripening. These results suggest a possibility to recover the yield loss in rice under O3 pollution.
n‐Involved Optimization of Out‐of‐Plane Optoelectronic Performances in Nanoscale Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite
Authors: Zhang Zhen Yu , Wang Guo Ping
Published: November 2022

Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) metal‐halide perovskites are attracting increasing attention due to their improved stability. The intercalated hydrophobic organic layer accounts for this improvement, however, it is detrimental to the out‐of‐plane optoelectronics. Here, the n‐involved performance optimization in RP (PEA)2(Cs)n−1PbnI3n+1 nanomaterials is reported. The exciton is confirmed as the majority of photo‐induced species, but it is more free carrier‐like in n‐larger samples due to the weakened quantum confinement effects. After 90‐day treatment in 65% humidity, it is found that only RP nanomaterials originally designed as n = 4 ((PEA)2(Cs)3Pb4I13) possess the best residual optoelectronic performances (photo‐responsivity and specific detectivity) at minimal drop proportions (≈20%). Particularly, the Coulombic screening effect triggers saturated optoelectronic performances at low driving voltage, due to the almost total depletion of responsive photo‐current even under enhanced external excitations. This work balances the optoelectronic performances and moisture resistance of PEA‐based RP nanomaterials, and is mainly aiming to alleviate the deterioration of optoelectronic performance in 90‐day moisture‐treated (65%) conditions.
Li‐Ion‐Based Electrolyte‐Gated Transistors with Short Write‐Read Delay for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Xu Han , Fang Renrui , Wu Shuyu , An Junjie , Zhang Woyu , Li Chao , Lu Jikai , Li Yue , Xu Xiaoxin , Wang Yan , Liu Qi , Shang Dashan
Published: November 2022

The hardware implementation of artificial neural networks requires synaptic devices with linear and high‐speed weight modulation. Memristors as a candidate suffer from excessive write variation and asymmetric resistance modulation that inherently rooted in their stochastic mechanisms. Thanks to a controllable ion intercalation/deintercalation mechanism, electrolyte‐gated transistors (EGTs) hold prominent switching linearity and low write variation, and thus have been the promising alternative for synaptic devices. However, the operation frequency of EGTs is seriously limited by the time that is required for the state stabilization, that is, the write‐read delay after each set/reset operation. Here, a Li‐ion‐based EGT (Li‐EGT) with write‐read delay of 3 ms along with multistates, low energy consumption, and quasi‐linear weight update is introduced. The origin of the short write‐read delay of the device is attributed to the permeable interface between electrolyte and gate electrode. Leveraging the Li‐EGT characteristic, near‐ideal accuracy (≈94%) on handwritten digital image data set has been achieved by the corresponding neural network simulation. These results provide an insight into the development of Li‐EGTs for high‐speed neuromorphic computing.
Programmable WSe2/Ge Heterojunction Field‐Effect Transistor with Visible‐Infrared Wavelength‐Distinguishing Detection Capability
Authors: Yang Maolong , Wang Liming , Lu Yao , Wang Bo , Zhang Ningning , Liu Maliang , Guo Hui , Lin Dongdong , Zhang Jincheng , Hu Huiyong
Published: November 2022

Programmable devices can be easily switched between n‐type and p‐type devices by applying an electric field and are promising candidates for simplifying the currently used fabrication process and increasing programmable flexibility. This paper proposes a 2D WSe2/3D Ge heterojunction field‐effect transistor (JFET) with a top metal‐insulator semiconductor gate. The n‐type and p‐type JFETs are realized based on one device structure; furthermore, the n‐type JFET can be converted into p‐type and vice versa under the control of top‐gate voltages of different polarities. The nJFET and pJFET has low subthreshold swings of 102 and 65 mV dec−1 with a high on/off ratio of ≈105, respectively. Moreover, a visible‐infrared wavelength‐distinguishing photodetector is implemented based on this device. It exhibits a bidirectional photoresponse, wherein the photocurrent polarity is reversed depending on the wavelength of light. Under illumination at 532 nm, positive photoresponsivity is realized through the effective charge separation of the heterojunction. In contrast, the JFET has a negative photoresponsivity at an infrared wavelength of 1550 nm, which is related to type‐I band alignment and the photogating effect. These results indicate that the device has promising potential as a multifunctional optoelectronic device.
“How does your residential environment positively or negatively influence your well‐being?”: A multicase photovoice study with public housing tenants
Authors: Radziszewski Stephanie , Houle Janie , Torres Juan , Leloup Xavier , Coulombe Simon
Published: November 2022

Public housing aims to reduce social inequalities by providing affordable dwellings as a social policy. Anchored in an ecological perspective, the paper reports on a multicase photovoice study documenting public housing tenants' perceptions of how their residential environment influences their well‐being. This design can provide a deeper understanding of the public housing environment to inform change at a programmatic level. To this end, 303 captioned photos were collected by 59 tenant‐researchers at six sites in Québec (Canada). An in‐depth cross‐case analysis of the material led to two key themes with five subthemes each. In the Residential environment perceived as mostly positive theme, the subthemes were access to nature, community resources and services, positive relations among tenants, opportunities for participation, and specific aspects of their home. In the Negative aspects focused on life in public housing theme, the subthemes were strict regulations, lack of respect for tenants' needs, lack of intimacy, lack of proper maintenance, and conflicts between tenants. Findings highlight the dynamic interplay between the residential environment and public housing tenants' well‐being. Two recurring programmatic issues are highlighted: problematic maintenance and limited opportunities for tenants' empowerment. Changes to address these concerns at the programmatic level of public housing could potentially increase tenants' well‐being.
A public resource of baseline data from the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal‐Dominant Alzheimer's Disease Trial
Authors: Reiman Eric M. , Pruzin Jeremy J. , Rios‐Romenets Silvia , Brown Chris , Giraldo Margarita , Acosta‐Baena Natalia , Tobon Carlos , Hu Nan , Chen Yinghua , Ghisays Valentina , Enos Jessica , Goradia Dhruman D. , Lee Wendy , Luo Ji , Malek‐Ahmadi Michael , Protas Hillary , Thomas Ronald G. , Chen Kewei , Su Yi , Boker Connie , Mastroeni Diego , Alvarez Sergio , Quiroz Yakeel T. , Langbaum Jessica B. , Sink Kaycee M. , Lopera Francisco , Tariot Pierre N. ,   and the API ADAD Colombia Trial Group
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal‐Dominant Alzheimer's Disease (API ADAD) Trial evaluated the anti‐oligomeric amyloid beta (Aβ) antibody therapy crenezumab in cognitively unimpaired members of the Colombian presenilin 1 (PSEN1) E280A kindred. We report availability, methods employed to protect confidentiality and anonymity of participants, and process for requesting and accessing baseline data.

Methods

We developed mechanisms to share baseline data from the API ADAD Trial in consultation with experts and other groups sharing data from Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention trials, balancing the need to protect anonymity and trial integrity with making data broadly available to accelerate progress in the field. We pressure‐tested deliberate and inadvertent potential threats under specific assumptions, employed a system to suppress or mask both direct and indirect identifying variables, limited and firewalled data managers, and put forth specific principles requisite to receive data.

Results

Baseline demographic, PSEN1 E280A and apolipoprotein E genotypes, florbetapir and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, clinical, and cognitive data can now be requested by interested researchers.

Discussion

Baseline data are publicly available; treatment data and biological samples, including baseline and treatment‐related blood‐based biomarker data will become available in accordance with our original trial agreement and subsequently developed Collaboration for Alzheimer's Prevention principles. Sharing of these data will allow exploration of important questions including the differential effects of initiating an investigational AD prevention therapy both before as well as after measurable Aβ plaque deposition.
A Subpopulation of Spikes Predicts Successful Epilepsy Surgery Outcome
Authors: Thomas John , Kahane Philippe , Abdallah Chifaou , Avigdor Tamir , Zweiphenning Willemiek J. E. M. , Chabardes Stephan , Jaber Kassem , Latreille Véronique , Minotti Lorella , Hall Jeff , Dubeau François , Gotman Jean , Frauscher Birgit
Published: November 2022

Objective

Epileptic spikes are the traditional interictal electroencephalographic (EEG) biomarker for epilepsy. Given their low specificity for identifying the epileptogenic zone (EZ), they are given only moderate attention in presurgical evaluation. This study aims to demonstrate that it is possible to identify specific spike features in intracranial EEG that optimally define the EZ and predict surgical outcome.

Methods

We analyzed spike features on stereo‐EEG segments from 83 operated patients from 2 epilepsy centers (37 Engel IA) in wakefulness, non‐rapid eye movement sleep, and rapid eye movement sleep. After automated spike detection, we investigated 135 spike features based on rate, morphology, propagation, and energy to determine the best feature or feature combination to discriminate the EZ in seizure‐free and non‐seizure‐free patients by applying 4‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

The rate of spikes with preceding gamma activity in wakefulness performed better for surgical outcome classification (4‐fold area under receiver operating characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.755 ± 0.07) than the seizure onset zone, the current gold standard (AUC = 0.563 ± 0.05, p = 0.015) and the ripple rate, an emerging seizure‐independent biomarker (AUC = 0.537 ± 0.07, p = 0.006). Channels with a spike‐gamma rate exceeding 1.9/min had an 80% probability of being in the EZ. Combining features did not improve the results.

Interpretation

Resection of brain regions with high spike‐gamma rates in wakefulness is associated with a high probability of achieving seizure freedom. This rate could be applied to determine the minimal number of spiking channels requiring resection. In addition to quantitative analysis, this feature is easily accessible to visual analysis, which could aid clinicians during presurgical evaluation. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:522–535
Cerebral Cortical Encephalitis in Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody‐Associated Disease
Authors: Valencia‐Sanchez Cristina , Guo Yong , Krecke Karl N. , Chen John J. , Redenbaugh Vyanka , Montalvo Mayra , Elsbernd Paul M. , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Lopez‐Chiriboga Sebastian , Budhram Adrian , Sechi Elia , Kunchok Amy , Dubey Divyanshu , Pittock Sean J. , Lucchinetti Claudia F. , Flanagan Eoin P.
Published: November 2022

Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) is a recently described myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) phenotype. In this observational retrospective study, we characterized 19 CCE patients (6.7% of our MOGAD cohort). Headache (n = 15, 79%), seizures (n = 13, 68%), and encephalopathy (n = 12, 63%) were frequent. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed unilateral (n = 12, 63%) or bilateral (n = 7, 37%) cortical T2 hyperintensity and leptomeningeal enhancement (n = 17, 89%). N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor autoantibodies coexisted in 2 of 15 tested (13%). CCE pathology (n = 2) showed extensive subpial cortical demyelination (n = 2), microglial reactivity (n = 2), and inflammatory infiltrates (perivascular, n = 1; meningeal, n = 1). Most received high‐dose steroids (n = 17, 89%), and all improved, but 3 had CCE relapses. This study highlights the CCE spectrum and provides insight into its pathogenesis. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:297–302