bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Female preferences for discrete and continuous male colour expression may help reinforce colour polymorphism in a desert lizard
Authors: Glover Jenell A. , Lattanzio Matthew S.
Published: February 2021

Despite recognition that colour can vary continuously, colour expression in colour polymorphic species is usually treated as discrete. We conducted three experiments to evaluate the extent that discrete and continuous male coloration influenced female mating preferences in long-tailed brush lizards (Urosaurus graciosus). Each experiment provided females with a different social context: a dimorphic choice between a yellow and an orange male (coloration treated as discrete), and a choice between either two orange males or two yellow males (coloration treated as continuous variation). Females preferred orange males over yellow males in the first experiment, and the findings of our second experiment suggested that males with moderate orange coloration were most preferred. In contrast, females behaved randomly with respect to two yellow males. Our findings show that females in colour polymorphic species can evaluate both discrete and continuous aspects of morph coloration during mate assessment, which may help maintain their polymorphism.
Oman’s Trade Potentials with Indian Ocean Rim Countries
Authors: Gani Azmat , Hasim Haslifah M. , Al-Mawali Nasser
Published: February 2021

Oman’s regional trade flow, especially with the Indian Ocean Rim countries, is examined within a gravity model framework. The analysis is based on the generalised method of moments (GMM) estimation procedure. The findings show that Oman’s exports are strongly determined by the Indian Ocean Rim countries’ populations, gross domestic product, infrastructure, Oman’s trade policy and a common border and language. Distance is found to induce significant friction for Oman’s imports. We conclude that the Indian Ocean Rim countries are sources of active markets and provide opportunities for greater trade integration. In light of the dramatic decline in world oil prices in recent years, Oman also needs to reduce its reliance on oil earnings and intervene more aggressively in its domestic economy by diversifying its non-oil sector and concentrate more on non-oil led exports.
Taxonomy of the genus Dactylanthias Bleeker (Teleostei: Serranidae: Anthiadinae)
Authors: POGONOSKI JOHN J. , GILL ANTHONY C.
Published: February 2021

The anthiadine genus Dactylanthias is reviewed. Two species, Dactylanthias aplodactylus (Bleeker, 1858) and Dactylanthias baccheti Randall, 2007 are currently recognised, each known only from their holotypes. A specimen of Dactylanthias matching D. baccheti in coloration was recently collected from Nauru in the West Pacific Ocean. It was retained by a recreational fisher and deposited into the CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart. Data collected from this specimen and comparison to images of and data from the holotypes of both nominal species indicate that Dactylanthias baccheti Randall, 2007 is a junior synonym of Dactylanthias aplodactylus (Bleeker, 1858). Additional records of specimens from Ambon, Indonesia (type locality of D. apolodactylus) and the Maldives Islands, Indian Ocean are reported. The genus is briefly compared with other anthiadine genera.
Two new species of the bee-mimicking genus Mallophora (Diptera, Asilidae) from Colombia
Authors: YEPES SOL , FORERO DIMITRI
Published: February 2021

Mallophora Macquart, 1834 is a bee-mimicking genus of Asilidae, which has more than 50 described species in the Neotropical Region. Examination of specimens of this genus from Colombia indicate that there are two undescribed species based on the structure of the hind leg of males. Here we describe Mallophora gauteovan sp. nov. and Mallophora kalos sp. nov. from Tayrona National Park (Magdalena) and Arauca, respectively. For each new species a diagnosis and a description including the structure of the face, thorax, male hind leg, abdomen, and hypandrium are provided. All morphological structures are documented with digital photographs.
The Relationship Between Carotid Revascularization Procedural Volume and Perioperative Outcomes in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Giurgius Mary , Horn Marco , Thomas Shannon D. , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Barry Beiles C. , Mwipatayi B. Patrice , Varcoe Ramon L.
Published: February 2021

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) prevent stroke in selected patients. However, each intervention carries a risk of perioperative complications including stroke or death (S/D). We aimed to determine the relationship between operator volume, hospital volume, and the perioperative risk of S/D in carotid revascularization in Australia and New Zealand. Retrospective analysis was performed on prospectively collected data extracted from the Australasian Vascular Audit between 2010 and 2017. Annual caseload volume was analyzed in quintiles (Q) using multivariate regression to assess its impact on perioperative S/D. Carotid endarterectomy procedures (n = 16 765) demonstrated higher S/D rates for lower-volume operators (2.21% for Q1-Q3 [1-17 annual cases] vs 1.76% for Q4-Q5 [18-61 annual cases]; odds ratio [OR]: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.001-1.64; P = .049). Carotid artery stenting procedures (n = 1350) also demonstrated higher S/D rates for lower-volume operators (2.63% for Q1-Q3 [1-11 annual cases] vs 0.37% for Q4-Q5 [12-31 annual cases]; OR: 6.11; 95% CI: 1.27-29.33; P = .024). No significant hospital volume-outcome effect was observed for either procedure. An inverse relationship was demonstrated between operator volume and perioperative S/D rates following CEA and CAS. Consideration of minimum operator thresholds, restructuring of services and networked referral pathways of care in Australia and New Zealand, would likely result in improved patient outcomes.
Predictors of a Normal Sleep Study in Healthy Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing Symptoms
Authors: Abraham Elizabeth J. , Bains Ashank , Rubin Batsheva R. , Cohen Michael B. , Levi Jessica R.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To determine the prevalence and characteristics of children with normal elective polysomnography for obstructive sleep disordered breathing (oSDB) based on the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guidelines.

Study Design:

In this retrospective cohort study, we identified patients ages 2 to 18 who underwent diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) ordered by our otolaryngology department for SDB between 2012 and 2018.

Setting:

All patients were seen by otolaryngologists at an urban tertiary safety net hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

There were a total of 456 patients studied (average age 5.66 ± 3.19; 263 (57.7%) males, 193 (42.3%) females. Demographic factors (age, gender, race, ethnicity, language, insurance status) and clinical findings (symptom severity, tonsil size) were recorded. The data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results:

Two hundred four patients (44.7%) had no obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) based on AHI<2 on PSG. Children with a larger tonsil size had 3.18 times the odds of OSA compared to those with a medium tonsil size (95% CI 1.64, 6.19) when adjusting for symptoms, age category, and race ( P = .0007). Children ages 4 to 6 years had 0.25 times the odds of OSA compared to those ages 2-3 years (95% CI 0.12, 1.54) when adjusting for symptoms, tonsil size, and race ( P = .0011). White children had 0.28 times the odds of OSA compared to Black children (95% CI 0.14, 0.57) when adjusting for symptoms, tonsil size, and age category ( P = .0004).

Conclusion:

Among our patient population, 44.7% had normal sleep studies. Younger children (ages 2-3) were less likely to have normal polysomnography. This research demonstrates that obtaining sleep studies in otherwise healthy children with SDB can affect management decisions, and they should be discussed with families with a focus on patient centered decision making.
Prevention of Frey’s Syndrome with the Use of Porcine Dermal Collagen Graft: Retrospective Analysis of 76 “Formal” Parotidectomies for Benign Pathologies
Authors: Vahtsevanos Kostas , Chatziavramidis Angelos , Papadiochos Ioannis (Yiannis) , Koloutsos Georgios , Stefanidis Anastasios , Kitikidou Kyriaki , Ntomouchtsis Aris , Patrikidou Anna
Published: February 2021

Background:

Frey’s syndrome is a well-known complication of parotid surgery; its prevention may be achieved by the use of an interpositional barrier between the overlying flaps and the exposed parenchymal bed of parotid gland. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate clinical outcomes with and without the interpositional placement of a porcine dermal collagen graft (PDCG) for prevention of syndrome occurrence.

Methods:

We conducted a 20-year retrospective study including the patients who had undergone “formal” (superficial, total, or subtotal) parotidectomies for benign pathologies. The inclusion criteria also involved patients that were (i) regularly monitored about clinical symptoms related to syndrome, and (ii) examined with Minor starch-iodine test. The severity of the diagnosed syndrome was retrospectively evaluated according to the grading score system of Luna-Ortiz. To assess group differences in terms of the extent of dissection in operating sites, we estimated the tumor and histological specimen volumes using the available dimensions.

Results:

We included 73 patients who had undergone 76 formal parotid surgeries. The surgical sites were divided into 2 groups: (1) Group A consisted of 44 sites that were reconstructed with a SMAS flap, and (2) Group B, comprised 32 sites where a PDCG was additionally applied as an artificial preventive barrier. At a mean follow-up of 26.3 months, a significantly lower incidence of clinically diagnosed Frey’s syndrome was found after the use of dermal collagen interpositional barrier ( P = .031). Specifically, subjective symptoms were reported at an incidence of 31.8% in Group A and 6.7% in Group B. Minor’s test was positive at an incidence of 59.09% in Group A and 21.87% in Group B ( P = .004, 95% CI). Severe Frey’s syndrome was observed in 31.82% of the patients of Group A and in 3.12% of the patients of Group B ( P = .002, 95% CI). Since there were no statistical significant differences between the volumes of the removed tumors and the excised histological specimens, the extent of dissection was not proved to influence the occurrence of Frey’s syndrome in the compared groups,

Conclusion:

Porcine dermal collagen is a safe, practical, and useful means for parotid reconstruction, since it seems to contribute in prevention of Frey’s syndrome when increased amount of glandular tissue has to be removed. Additional randomized controlled studies with bigger samples are required to better assess the PDCG use in parotid surgery.
Do carers of adolescents at first episode psychosis have distinctive psychological needs? A pilot exploration
Authors: McKenna Alice , Hazell Cassie M , Souray Rowan , Cai Wenyi , Man Lai Chu , Brown Lucy , Floyd Caroline , Lyons Natasha , Widuch Kaja , James Gareth , Keay Debra , Souray Jonathan , Afsharzadegan Roya , Raune David
Published: February 2021

Background:

Carers of patients experiencing first episode psychosis (FEP) are at an increased risk of mental and physical health problems themselves. However, little is known about how the psychological needs of carers may differ between those caring for an adolescent versus an adult who has FEP.

Aims:

This pilot study aimed to explore any differences in the psychological needs of carers caring for adolescents versus adults with FEP.

Methods:

We surveyed 254 carers of 198 FEP patients (34 carers of adolescents of 24 FEP adolescent patients). Carers completed self-report measures of anxiety, depression, burnout, subjective burden, coping, and key illness beliefs. The sample was divided according to whether the patient was under (adolescent) or over (adult) age 18, and analysed using mixed model logistic regressions.

Results:

Compared to the carers of adult patients, carers of adolescents were more than twice as likely (12% vs. 30%) to experience overall burnout syndrome (all three domains), and to develop it much quicker (19.4 vs. 10.1 months). They were also more likely to adopt behavioural disengagement avoidance as a form of coping. However, there was no difference between carers in terms of anxiety, depression, beliefs and subjective burden. For carers of adolescents, burnout was independently predicted by: a negative belief about the consequences of psychosis for the adolescent patient and an incoherent understanding of the patient’s mental health.

Conclusions:

If our findings can be replicated in a larger sample, then Rapid-Onset-Burnout-Syndrome (ROBS) is a particular problem in carers of adolescents at FEP, suggesting a need for routine screening and possible prophylactic intervention. Carers of adolescent’s use of behavioural escape coping maybe also require early intervention. Theoretically, consideration could be given to the development of an adolescent sub-branch to the cognitive model of caregiving.
Is there ‘discretionary space’ in rank-based police constabularies for graduate constables to think critically and make autonomous decisions?
Authors: McCanney John , Taylor Julie C , Bates Elizabeth A
Published: February 2021

The Police Education and Qualification Framework (PEFQ) mandated that from 2020 police recruits must be educated to degree level. This change has generated much debate around the relationship between academia and the police. There has been less discussion about parallel organisational change. To explore the opportunities for graduate officers to find the ‘discretionary space’ to employ the skills associated with university study, 234 police constables were surveyed. Analysis revealed that officers faced barriers to decision-making from bureaucratic and managerial procedures. Findings suggest that police organisations may need to make changes structurally and procedurally to benefit from a graduate workforce.
Norfolk’s “Model Prison Community”: Howard Belding Gill and the Social Process of Prison Reform
Authors: DelSesto Matthew
Published: February 2021

This article explores the social process of criminal justice reform, from Howard Belding Gill’s 1927 appointment as the first superintendent of the Norfolk Prison Colony to his dramatic State House hearing and dismissal in 1934. In order to understand the social and spatial design of Norfolk’s “model prison community,” this article reviews Gills’ tenure as superintendent through administrative documents, newspaper reports, and his writings on criminal justice reform. Particular attention is given to the relationship between correctional administration and public consciousness. Concluding insights are offered on the possible lessons from Norfolk Prison Colony for contemporary reform efforts.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the National Death Index for Multiple Causes of Death in People With HIV
Authors: Schwarcz Sandra , Hessol Nancy A. , Spinelli Matthew A. , Hsu Ling Chin , Wlodarczyk Daniel , Tulsky Jacqueline , Newman Meg D. , Buchbinder Susan P.
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Inaccuracies in cause-of-death information in death certificates can reduce the validity of national death statistics and result in poor targeting of resources to reduce morbidity and mortality in people with HIV. Our objective was to measure the sensitivity, specificity, and agreement between multiple causes of deaths from death certificates obtained from the National Death Index (NDI) and causes determined by expert physician review.

Methods

Physician specialists determined the cause of death using information collected from the medical records of 50 randomly selected HIV-infected people who died in San Francisco from July 1, 2016, through May 31, 2017. Using expert review as the gold standard, we measured sensitivity, specificity, and agreement.

Results

The NDI had a sensitivity of 53.9% and a specificity of 66.7% for HIV deaths. The NDI had a moderate sensitivity for non–AIDS-related infectious diseases and non–AIDS-related cancers (70.6% and 75.0%, respectively) and high specificity for these causes (100.0% and 94.7%, respectively). The NDI had low sensitivity and high specificity for substance abuse (27.3% and 100.0%, respectively), heart disease (58.3% and 86.8%, respectively), hepatitis B/C (33.3% and 97.7%, respectively), and mental illness (50.0% and 97.8%, respectively). The measure of agreement between expert review and the NDI was lowest for HIV (κ = 0.20); moderate for heart disease (κ = 0.45) and hepatitis B/C (κ = 0.40); high for non–AIDS-related infectious diseases (κ = 0.76) and non–AIDS-related cancers (κ = 0.72); and low for all other causes of death (κ < 0.35).

Conclusions

Our findings support education and training of health care providers to improve the accuracy of cause-of-death information on death certificates.
What a Change! A Diachronic Study of Exclamative What Constructions
Authors: Ghesquière Lobke , Troughton Faye
Published: February 2021

Exclamative constructions fronted by what are generally agreed to be one of the prototypical realizations of the English exclamative clause type. This paper argues that what acts as a degree modifier in these constructions and aims to investigate how what came to be an introductory degree marker of English exclamatives. It examines the diachronic relation between full exclamative what constructions ( What a pity it is!) and verbless exclamative constructions ( What a pity!), which are usually assumed to be the result of ellipsis. In addition, this paper comments on what’s role as a degree modifier and a marker of subjectivity and mirativity.
Modeling Behavior as Dynamic Sequential States: Introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Flaherty Brian P. , Scheier Lawrence M.
Published: February 2021

This special issue of Evaluation and The Health Professions focuses on applications and extensions of latent transition analysis (LTA), a longitudinal parameterization of the latent class (LC) model. LTA is a model of discrete or qualitative change over time among potentially complex states (e.g., patterns of recent drug use or abuse experiences), commonly referred to as latent classes, latent profiles, or latent statuses. Frequently, researchers will distinguish the term “classes” for cross-sectional studies and with LTA use “statuses” to indicate the concept of “dynamic change” with individuals shifting in their response patterns and associated statuses over time. It goes without saying that LTA models are underutilized, although quite flexible. This special issue showcases articles that apply LTA and extend the capabilities of this approach to modeling discrete change in new ways.
Teaching creative music in El Sistema and after-school music contexts
Authors: Corcoran Sean
Published: February 2021

El Sistema music programmes have blossomed over the past decade, with the aim of fostering social development through intensive orchestral music instruction. Many scholars agree that creative music making can facilitate student agency development, increase a sense of belonging and promote creative expression by allowing students to bring their perspectives to the learning context. With these benefits apparent, it seems rational that El Sistema should incorporate creative music making into its curriculum. To build understanding of how creative music approaches function in some programmes, I used a multiple qualitative case study to examine eight teachers’ perspectives of creative music making within El Sistema and after-school music programmes in Canada and the United Kingdom. Findings revealed that teachers conceptualized creative music making as activities that develop agency through collaborative music creation, that have the benefit of creating a sense of belonging and that give students the opportunity to contribute to their community. Successful nurturing of creative music making seems to rely on connecting students to their wider community, which is achieved in part through incorporating students’ own musical tastes. Teachers’ experiences with creative music making in their own music education played a crucial role in preparing them to teach creative music.
Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alwosais Eman Zaid Marzouq , Al-Ozairi Ebaa , Zafar Tasleem A , Alkandari Sharifa
Published: February 2021

Background:

Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting.

Aim:

The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker – high-sensitivity C-reactive protein – in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods:

Adults with T2DM ( n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week intervention period to assess the study outcomes, such as glycemic control, BP, cardiovascular risk parameters including lipid profile, inflammatory marker, and body weight.

Results:

Adjusted for gender and baseline values, the chia seed group had systolic BP (SBP) significantly reduced compared to control [ t (1) = 2.867, p = 0.007, η 2 p = 0.174]. No differences were observed in any other parameter tested in the chia seed or control group.

Conclusions:

People with T2DM and hypertension, maintaining usual dietary consumption, physical activity pattern, and medications, had significantly reduced SBP compared to the control group when having consumed 40 g/d of chia seeds for 12 weeks.
Dietary magnesium intake in relation to body mass index and glycemic indices in middle school students from the HEALTHY Study
Authors: Naseeb Manal , Milliron Brandy-Joe , Bruneau Michael L , Sukumar Deeptha , Foster Gary D , Smith Sinclair A , Volpe Stella L
Published: February 2021

Background:

Data on dietary magnesium intake on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents is limited.

Aim:

We examined whether dietary magnesium intake was related to body mass index (BMI) percentile, and glycemic indices at baseline and at end of the HEALTHY Study for both intervention and control schools. The HEALTHY Study was a multi-component, school-based intervention, to prevent T2DM in children and adolescents from 6th to 8th grades.

Methods:

A secondary data analyses of 2181 ethnically diverse students with completed dietary records, BMI percentile, and plasma insulin and glucose concentrations at baseline (6th grade) and end of study (8th grade) were included from the HEALTHY Study. Dietary magnesium intake was self-reported using the Block Kids Food Frequency Questionnaire. A hierarchical multiple regression model was used to determine the relationships between dietary magnesium intake, BMI percentile, and glycemic indices at baseline and end of the HEALTHY Study, adjusting for magnesium intake from supplements, total energy intake, and fitness level.

Results:

Dietary magnesium intake was related to BMI percentile at baseline and at end of the HEATHY Study (β = −0.05, 95% CI = −0.02 to 0, p = 0.04; β = −0.06, 95% CI = −0.02 to −0.003, p = 0.004); R 2 [regression coefficient effect size] = 0.03; R 2 = 0.06). Dietary magnesium intake was not related to plasma insulin and glucose concentrations at baseline and end of the HEALTHY Study.

Conclusion:

Dietary magnesium intake was inversely related to BMI percentile among middle school students from the HEALTHY Study. Research is required to evaluate the dose-response relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption (good sources of magnesium) and risk of T2DM in children and adolescents. This relationship also needs to be explored among different BMI categories.
Correlation between pain rating index and end-tidal sevoflurane concentration during sevoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Zhang Jian-wen , Lv Zhi-gan , Zhang Wei-wei , Wang Zhe , Wang Bao-guo
Published: February 2021

Objective

To investigate the correlation between the pain rating index (PRi), which is an index derived from processed electroencephalography signals, and the end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (ETsevo).

Methods

This study involved 50 adults with a body mass index of 18 to 25 kg/m2 who were undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. Thyrocricocentesis was performed with 2.5 mL of 2% tetracaine for endotracheal surface anesthesia, and intravenous injections of midazolam, etomidate, and rocuronium were then administered. The patients’ tracheas were intubated and their ventilatory rate was adjusted to maintain the partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide at 30 to 35 mmHg. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane. The ETsevo was adjusted to maintain anesthesia at 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 minimum alveolar concentration for 15 minutes each, and the PRi, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate were recorded at each concentration.

Results

A negative correlation was found between the PRi and ETsevo (−0.882) and between the MAP and ETsevo (−0.571). A low positive correlation was found between the PRi and MAP (0.484).

Conclusions

The PRi showed a high negative correlation with the ETsevo. Therefore, the PRi can be used to guide the depth regulation of sevoflurane anesthesia. Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR-IPR-17012092
Drawing up the missing link: State-society relations and the remaking of urban landscapes in Chinese cities
Authors: Lin George C S
Published: February 2021

Studies of China’s urban transformation are characterized by diverse interpretations of the relevance of the theory of neoliberalism and continuing tension of epistemology vis-à-vis ontology. This research foregrounds state-society interplay as an alternative lens and analytical tool to understand China’s urban transformation in the context of neoliberalization and global urbanism. The remaking of the Chinese urban landscape is found to be shaped not simply by forces of agglomeration economies or bid-rent dynamism but more by the contestation and negotiation between a fragmented authoritarian state and a rapidly changing society. Existing land users are motivated by a decentralized power of decision-making and a share of the land conveyance income previously monopolized by the state. Contrary to normal expectation, urban redevelopment plays a role of greater significance in the local land supply of those cities in some less advanced regions than in the demographically dense and economically advanced regions. Administratively, urban redevelopment tends to prevail in those modes of land disposition that are either monopolized by the state or subject to close-door negotiation. Redevelopment is less contentious in a “village-in-the-city” where decisions are made by the collective organization internally than the other involving developers externally. Land use intensity and efficiency have been improved along with intensified social exclusion and marginalization. Drawing up the missing link concerning state-society relations may provide new insights to solve the myth of an urban China so ambivalent when seen in the lens of neoliberalism and help reconcile methodological tension in the studies of comparative urbanism involving China.
A Biomechanical, Cadaveric Evaluation of Single- Versus Double-Row Repair Techniques on Stability of Bony Bankart Lesions
Authors: Greenstein Alexander S. , Chen Raymond E. , Knapp Emma , Brown Alexander M. , Roberts Aaron , Awad Hani A. , Voloshin Ilya
Published: February 2021

Background:

Previous studies comparing stability between single- and double-row arthroscopic bony Bankart repair techniques focused only on the measurements of tensile forces on the bony fragment without re-creating a more physiologic testing environment.

Purpose:

To compare dynamic stability and displacement between single- and double-row arthroscopic repair techniques for acute bony Bankart lesions in a concavity-compression cadaveric model simulating physiologic conditions.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Testing was performed on 13 matched pairs of cadaveric glenoids with simulated bony Bankart fractures with a defect width of 25% of the inferior glenoid diameter. Half of the fractures were repaired with a double-row technique, and the contralateral glenoids were repaired with a single-row technique. To determine dynamic biomechanical stability and ultimate step-off of the repairs, a 150-N load and 2000 cycles of internal-external rotation at 1 Hz were applied to specimens to simulate early rehabilitation. Toggle was quantified throughout cycling with a coordinate measuring machine. Three-dimensional spatial measurements were calculated. After cyclic loading, the fracture displacement was measured.

Results:

The bony Bankart fragment–glenoid initial step-off was found to be significantly greater ( P < .001) for the single-row technique (mean, 896 µm; SD, 282 µm) compared with the double-row technique (mean, 436 µm; SD, 313 µm). The motion toggle was found to be significantly greater ( P = .017) for the single-row technique (mean, 994 µm; SD, 711 µm) compared with the double-row technique (mean, 408 µm; SD, 384 µm). The ultimate interface displacement was found to be significantly greater ( P = .029) for the single-row technique (mean, 1265 µm; SD, 606 µm) compared with the double-row technique (mean, 795 µm; SD, 398 µm).

Conclusion:

Using a concavity-compression glenohumeral cadaveric model, we found that the double-row arthroscopic fixation technique for bony Bankart repair resulted in superior stability and decreased displacement during simulated rehabilitation when compared with the single-row repair technique.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings from this study may help guide surgical decision-making by demonstrating superior biomechanical properties (improved initial step-off, motion toggle, and interface displacement) of the double-row bony Bankart repair technique when compared with single-row fixation. The double-row repair construct demonstrated increased stability of the bony Bankart fragment, which may improve bony Bankart healing.
Comparative Study of Intradermotherapy With Pressurized Injection System and Needles
Authors: Maia Rafaella Rêgo , Silva Rodrigo Marcel Valentim da , Meyer Patrícia Froes , Carreiro Eneida de Morais , Borges Fábio dos Santos , Rodrigues Joyce , Farias Stephany Luanna Queiroga , Varela Generina Temoteo de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

Intradermotherapy allows for treatment of different aesthetic conditions. Currently, it can be applied in its conventional form using needles or using the pressurized technique. The sample consisted of 35 women with adiposity located in the abdominal region. The volunteers were randomly assigned to 3 subgroups: G1 (n = 12) who were subject to the pressurized technique and the conventional technique with needles using only saline substance, with 6 volunteers in each application mode; G2 (n = 9), who received pressurized application using Concept Ti Liporedutor (lipolytic substance); and G3 (n = 14), who were treated with the needle injection technique, with the same substance used in G2. All groups received 4 treatment sessions with 2-week intervals between them. The analysis of the fat layer conducted 90 days after the initial application demonstrated a significant reduction in measurements in the treated groups, and also when compared with the control group, both for ultrasound, perimetry, and plicometry (only right side) data. Despite the effectiveness of the 2 application techniques, the pressurized method showed superior results. Hyperemia and skin marks were among the adverse reactions reported by the groups, but they showed quick resolution. It is noteworthy that most of the volunteers in the treated groups evaluated the results positively and were satisfied with the treatment. The intradermotherapy protocol with lipolytic substance significantly reduced the fat layer, with more evident results when using the pressurized application method.
Influenza Vaccination Among U.S. College or University Students: A Systematic Review
Authors: Shon En-Jung , Choe Siyoung , Lee Lena , Ki Youn
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Influenza is one of the major causes of morbidity. This study summarized major components that influence college/university students’ use of the vaccination using Ecological System Theory; and evaluated racial differences in key predictors of influenza vaccination/intention.

Data Source:

Sixteen engines (e.g., PsycINFO, Academic Search Premier, Science Citation Index) were used to search for cross-sectional studies (2009-2019).

Study Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria:

PI/CO criteria were applied (U.S. students, multidimensional ecological system, influenza vaccination/intention).

Data Extraction:

25 cross-sectional studies were included from the initial 810 citations. Four reviewers performed the cross-checking.

Data Synthesis and Results:

Higher SES (e.g., education, vaccine affordability, healthcare resource) were positively associated with vaccination/intention. Under micro levels, both internal factors (e.g., positive beliefs, perceptions, attitudes) and external factors (e.g., supports/recommendations from physicians, families or peers, information, engagement in campus activities) enhanced influenza vaccination/intention of students. Meso level factors (private university, dorm-residence, or student housing) also influenced influenza vaccination/intention. Despite limited information on the effects of race on influenza vaccination, the current study synthesized the racial variances in vaccination behaviors of students.

Conclusions:

Enhancing positive beliefs, perceptions, or attitudes toward influenza vaccination with students is critical. Information about the safety and effectiveness of vaccination could be provided for students through official media, medical sources/physicians, campaigns, or internet websites. Family-to-student or peer-to-peer awareness campaigns could facilitate the vaccination of students.
Considerations of form defects and surface deformations for tolerance analysis of cylindrical components
Authors: Zhang Zhiqiang , Liu Jianhua , Pierre Laurent , Anwer Nabil
Published: February 2021

The modeling and simulation of cylindrical surfaces with consideration of form defects have led to considerable research outcomes in the field of Computer-Aided Tolerancing (CAT). However, further consideration of surface deformations caused by external forces still remains a challenge. To address this issue, this paper properly considers the form defects and surface deformations for tolerance analysis of cylindrical components. First, form defects are considered by modeling skin model shapes of cylindrical surfaces. Afterwards, the tight fit and loose fit of a pair of cylindrical surfaces are identified, and the simulation methods of their positioning are presented. Specifically, for tight fit situation, a k-d tree based Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is used, and for loose fit situation, the constrained registration approach is adopted. Moreover, a Conjugate Gradient-Fast Fourier Transform (CG-FFT) method is presented for the consideration of surface deformations. In addition, simulations of given examples are conducted, which show the considerable effects of form defects and surface deformations. The simulations may also help determine the best performance of the to-be-assembled cylindrical components.
A basic design for automotive crash boxes using an efficient corrugated conical tube
Authors: Mortazavi Moghaddam Alireza , Kheradpisheh Atefeh , Asgari Masoud
Published: February 2021

Frontal vehicle structure is of high importance through crash energy managements and crash boxes are the fundamental structural component for vehicle safety as well as after sales issues. Similar to many other vehicle components, the detail design of crash box is usually part of manufacture knowhow. However, some guide lines are always available. In this article a general procedure is introduced for designing of crash box with the aid of novel thin walled structures and according to conventional crash scenarios. The problem is followed through some basic steps. Firstly, the crash box idea is selected through a wide range of previous investigated elements and is packaged in a real bench vehicle. Then thanks to the protection provided by the new crash box on the other more expensive components (e.g. headlamp, cooling pack, etc.), the effectiveness of this element are acknowledged through the low speed offset crash. Further on the robustness of new proposed crash box is approved by high speed crash simulations. The quasi-static simulations implemented during the analyses are carried out by finite element explicit code (Abaqus) and the FE modeling and dynamic simulation through the next steps are also performed in ANSA and PAM CRASH respectively. Finally in addition to the general crash box design proposed procedure, the achieved results demonstrated that the corrugated conical thin walled tubes deforms in regular and rather stable shape under both axial and oblique loadings. They also produced a reasonable reaction force versus deformations which leads to stiff and crashworthy energy absorber in comparison to traditional rectangular and even some special models like as origami shapes, and so they could be a valuable selection for crash box implementations in passenger cars.
Autonomous recognition technology of carrier robot on various terrain environment
Authors: Dong Hongwei , Song Wei , Luan Bing , Li Guangwei
Published: February 2021

Field carrier robot can help people carry a certain amount of necessary materials in mountaineering, exploration and other fields, and even help field soldiers carry a certain amount of armaments. However, due to the complexity of the field environment, it is difficult for a robot with a single locomotion mechanism to complete such work. A carrier robot with leg/caterpillar/wheel is proposed. The robot can recognize different terrain environment, so as to select the appropriate locomotion mechanism, and can avoid obstacles and plan the path at the same time. We optimize the traditional ORB algorithm to extract the features of the environment image. The random forest classifier is used to classify the terrain, so as to start the corresponding locomotion mechanism. In addition, the extracted ORB feature points are also used for stereo matching to achieve the depth recovery for environmental information. Based on the analysis of two path planning algorithms of DWA and artificial potential field, an artificial potential field algorithm based on DWA is proposed for robot local path planning. In order to verify the effectiveness of these methods, experiments are carried out on the switching for three locomotion mechanisms and path planning in different practical environments. The results show that when the terrain changes, the robot can effectively switch the locomotion mechanism, and can run stably in different environments.
Ease of understanding and performing HIV self-tests by pregnant women and their male partners in Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rose Kisa , Matovu Joseph KB , Vrana-Diaz Caroline J , Buregyeya Esther , Kagaayi Joseph , Chemusto Harriet , Mugerwa Shaban , Musoke William , Mukama Christopher S , Malek Angela M , Korte Jeffrey E , Wanyenze Rhoda K
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Understanding and following HIV self-testing (HIVST) instructions is a critical step in the use of HIVST kits. We analyzed data on pregnant women and their partners’ self-assessment on the usability of kits delivered by their pregnant women. Methods: Quantitative data were collected on 399 pregnant women and 238 male partners enrolled in the intervention arm of a large cluster-randomized HIVST trial. Each pregnant woman received HIVST demonstrations, detailed pictorial instructions on how to use OraQuick HIVST kits, and two kits; for herself and her male partner. Follow-up was at one month (baseline for male partners) and 3 months. Descriptive statistics were conducted to compare understanding and following of HIVST instructions by age and education level. Results: The proportion of those who understood HIVST instructions was almost the same (98%) for women and their partners, although partners (26.5%) were nearly twice as likely than women (16.0%) to report needing pretest counseling (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.27–2.79). Partners’ understanding of the HIVST instructions did not vary by education level, but 4.4% of women with primary education reported difficulty in understanding HIVST instructions compared with 0.5% and 0% of those with secondary and university education, respectively ( p = 0.05). However, 5.6% of women aged 30–68 years and 3.3% of partners aged 20–24 years found it more difficult to understand the HIVST instructions. Conclusion: Both pregnant women and their male partners were correctly able to perform an HIVST without or (with minimal) support suggesting that this mode of delivery will help the national program reach more men. Because more male partners than women required HIVST pretest counseling support, male-targeted HIVST promotional messages may be needed to increase men's self-efficacy to perform HIVST unsupported.
On-tree fruit monitoring system using IoT and image analysis
Authors: Behera Santi Kumari , Sethy Prabira Kumar , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , Panigrahi Sibarama , Rajpoot Sharad Chandra
Published: February 2021

On-tree fruit monitoring is an important practice to provide the exact status of the fruits concerning its quality, quantity and degree of maturity in the farm. In large farm, it is difficult to look over the individual tree manually to acquire the knowledge about the fruits. Again, the manual inspection method is time-consuming, labor intensive and erroneous. The image processing and IoT are the advance techniques applied in diverse field individually. In agriculture sector, image processing is applied for diagnosis of crops. With help of sensors, the IoT based system able to monitor the condition of field remotely. This paper suggests a frame work, which is the combination of image processing and IoT for on-tree fruit monitoring. İn addition, the on-tree counting and size estimation in terms of coefficient of correlation (R2) are 0.994 and 0.997 respectively.
Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Performance During a Response-Conflict Task Are Differently Associated With ADHD and Autism
Authors: Bellato Alessio , Arora Iti , Kochhar Puja , Hollis Chris , Groom Madeleine J.
Published: February 2021

We investigated autonomic arousal, attention and response conflict, in ADHD and autism. Heart rate variability (HRV), and behavioral/electrophysiological indices of performance, were recorded during a task with low and high levels of response conflict in 78 children/adolescents (7–15 years old) with ADHD, autism, comorbid ADHD+autism, or neurotypical. ANOVA models were used to investigate effects of ADHD and autism, while a mediation model was tested to clarify the relationship between ADHD and slower performance. Slower and less accurate performance characterized ADHD and autism; however, atypical electrophysiological indices differently characterized these conditions. The relationship between ADHD and slower task performance was mediated by reduced HRV in response to the cue stimulus. Autonomic hypo-arousal and difficulties in mobilizing energetic resources in response to sensory information (associated with ADHD), and atypical electrophysiological indices of information processing (associated with autism), might negatively affect cognitive performance in those with ADHD+autism.
Love, Fear, and Disgust: Deconstructing Masculinities and Affective Embodiment in Pregnancy Guides for Men
Authors: Edgley Alison , Roberts Julie
Published: February 2021

Employing a material discursive approach, this article deconstructs advice within published guides to pregnancy and birth written by men for men. We deconstruct the representation of feelings and emotions in men during this period rejecting essentialist and social constructionist views of gendered emotionality. We find the texts are saturated with emotional advice, which is ambivalent and resorts to forms of essentialism that obscure male vulnerabilities and leave male forms of power intact. While men can expect to feel love, fear, and disgust, the case for male calm and stoicism is reconstructed, threatening dire consequences if he fails. Our study makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the affective assemblage that accompanies men who are now expected to care during pregnancy, labor, and birth. Men are constructed as having an embodied experience that cannot be admitted to, ensuring that hegemonic masculine understandings reinforce gendered constructions of care, caring and emotions during pregnancy, labor and birth.
Sensitivity analysis of the primary endpoint from the N-MOmentum study of inebilizumab in NMOSD
Authors: Cree Bruce AC , Bennett Jeffrey L , Kim Ho Jin , Weinshenker Brian G , Pittock Sean J , Wingerchuk Dean , Fujihara Kazuo , Paul Friedemann , Cutter Gary R , Marignier Romain , Green Ari J , Aktas Orhan , Hartung Hans-Peter , Williams Ian M , Drappa Jorn , She Dewei , Cimbora Daniel , Rees William , Ratchford John N , Katz Eliezer
Published: February 2021

Background:

In the N-MOmentum trial, the risk of an adjudicated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) attack was significantly reduced with inebilizumab compared with placebo.

Objective:

To demonstrate the robustness of this finding, using pre-specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Methods:

N-MOmentum is a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked trial of inebilizumab, an anti-CD19 monoclonal B-cell-depleting antibody, in patients with NMOSD. Pre-planned and post hoc analyses were performed to evaluate the primary endpoint across a range of attack definitions and demographic groups, as well as key secondary endpoints.

Results:

In the N-MOmentum trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02200770), 174 participants received inebilizumab and 56 received placebo. Attack risk for inebilizumab versus placebo was consistently and significantly reduced, regardless of attack definition, type of attack, baseline disability, ethnicity, treatment history, or disease course (all with hazard ratios < 0.4 favoring inebilizumab, p < 0.05). Analyses of secondary endpoints showed similar trends.

Conclusion:

N-MOmentum demonstrated that inebilizumab provides a robust reduction in the risk of NMOSD attacks regardless of attack evaluation method, attack type, patient demographics, or previous therapy. The N-MOmentum study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT2200770.