bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature measurement and simulation analysis of heaterless hollow cathode during start-up process
Authors: Han Xing , An Bingjian , Zhang Haiguang , Meng Tianhang , Liu Chenguang , Wang Fufeng , Liu Xiaoyu , Liu Hanlin , Ning Zhongxi
Published: August 2022

Monochromatic radiation thermometry is used to quantify temperature distribution during the start-up process for a heaterless hollow cathode. A transparent cathode is designed to facilitate the transmission of thermally and spontaneously radiated photons from the interior of the structure and their reception by the detection equipment. The relative radiation intensities can be obtained by the developed measurement equipment, which consists of an scientific complementary metal oxide semiconductor camera and a 780 nm narrow-band filter, and then transformed into temperature distributions calibrated by a two-color pyrometer. The current and voltage characteristics of the anode and keeper and plasma image captured by the high-speed camera are used to analyze the thermal evolution mechanism. A 2D extended fluid model coupling with a thermal model is also developed and used to help clarify the thermal deposition variation at different locations. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that thermal deposition of ions and electrons, thermal conduction, and thermal radiation all affect the rate of change in temperature of various components.
New evaluation of the thermodynamics stability for bcc-Fe
Authors: Liang X , Hou T P , Zhang D , Luo W D , Cheng S , Zheng Y H , Wu K M
Published: August 2022

The thermodynamic properties for bcc-Fe were predicted by combination of the first-principles calculations, the quasiharmonic approximation, the CALPHAD method and the Weiss molecular field theory. The hybrid method considers the effects of the lattice vibration, electron, intrinsic magnetism and external magnetic fields on the thermodynamic properties at finite temperature. Combined with experimental data, the calculated heat capacity without external magnetic fields was used to verify the validity of the hybrid method. Close to the Fermi level the high electronic density of states leads to a significant electronic contribution to free energy. Near the Curie temperature lattice vibrations dominant the Gibbs free energy. The order of the other three excitation contributions to Gibbs free energy from high to low is: intrinsic magnetism > electron > external magnetic fields. The investigation suggests that all the excitation contributions to Gibbs free energy are not negligible which provides a correct direction for tuning the thermodynamic properties for Fe-based alloy.
A low-cost and reliable laser shutter interlock using a software-command interface
Authors: Rogers Joshua P , Murray Andrew J
Published: August 2022

A simple and low-cost laser interlock is presented that operates via software commands issued by an ESP32 microcontroller. The architecture of the device is constructed to ensure the laser output is shut off in the event of either an open circuit on the interlock signal line from the laser enclosure or loss of power to the device. Unintentional exposure to the laser beam is prevented by overruling local controls (such as a keypad), until both the enclosure is re-interlocked and the user actively intervenes. The device presented is designed to close the mechanical shutter of a Spectra-Physics Millennia Pro pump laser while it continues to operate internally. The hardware and coding are versatile enough that only minor edits to the code would be necessary to deploy the device on any instrument that receives software commands via a serial interface.
A self-adaptive multiple-fault diagnosis system for rolling element bearings
Authors: Mishra R K , Choudhary Anurag , Fatima S , Mohanty A R , Panigrahi B K
Published: August 2022

The inevitable simultaneous formation of multiple-faults in bearings generates severe vibrations, causing premature component failure and unnecessary downtime. For accurate diagnosis of multiple-faults, machine learning (ML) models need to be trained with the signature of different multiple-faults, which increases the data acquisition time and expense. This paper proposes a self-adaptive vibration signature-based fault diagnostic method for detecting multiple bearing faults using various single-fault vibration signatures. A time-frequency-based hybrid signal processing technique, which involves discrete wavelet transform and Hilbert transform, was adopted for signal decomposition, followed by the implementation of a sliding window-based feature extraction process. Seven optimized metaheuristic algorithms were used to find the best feature sets, which were further used for the training of three ML models. The results show that the proposed methodology has tremendous potential to detect multiple bearing fault conditions in any possible combination using single-fault data. This will be helpful where accessibility to large amounts of data is limited for multiple-fault diagnosis.
Modeling pyramidal silicon nanopores with effective ion transport
Authors: Xiang Feibin , Dong Ming , Zhang Wenchang , Liang Shengfa , Guan Weihua
Published: August 2022

While the electrical models of the membrane-based solid-state nanopores have been well established, silicon-based pyramidal nanopores cannot apply these models due to two distinctive features. One is its 35.3° half cone angle, which brings additional resistance to the moving ions inside the nanopore. The other is its rectangular entrance, which makes calculating the access conductance challenging. Here, we proposed and validated an effective transport model (ETM) for silicon-based pyramidal nanopores by introducing effective conductivity. The impact of half cone angle can be described equivalently using a reduced diffusion coefficient (effective diffusion coefficient). Because the decrease of diffusion coefficient results in a smaller conductivity, effective conductivity is used for the calculation of bulk conductance in ETM. In the classical model, intrinsic conductivity is used. We used the top-down fabrication method for generating the pyramidal silicon nanopores to test the proposed model. Compared with the large error (≥25% in most cases) when using the classical model, the error of ETM in predicting conductance is less than 15%. We also found that the ETM is applicable when the ratio of excess ion concentration and bulk ion concentration is smaller than 0.2. At last, it is proved that ETM can estimate the tip size of pyramidal silicon nanopore. We believe the ETM would provide an improved method for evaluating the pyramidal silicon nanopores.
CircuitQ: an open-source toolbox for superconducting circuits
Authors: Aumann Philipp , Menke Tim , Oliver William D , Lechner Wolfgang
Published: August 2022

We introduce CircuitQ, an open-source toolbox for the analysis of superconducting circuits implemented in Python. It features the automated construction of a symbolic Hamiltonian of the input circuit and a dynamic numerical representation of the Hamiltonian with a variable basis choice. The software implementation is capable of choosing the basis in a fully automated fashion based on the potential energy landscape. Additional features include the estimation of theT1lifetimes of the circuit states under various noise mechanisms. We review previously established circuit quantization methods and formulate them in a way that facilitates the software implementation. The toolbox is then showcased by applying it to practically relevant qubit circuits and comparing it to specialized circuit solvers. Our circuit quantization is applicable to circuit inputs from a large design space, and the software is open-sourced. We thereby add an important resource for the design of new quantum circuits for quantum information processing applications.
The gauge invariant cosmological Jacobi map from weak lensing at leading order
Authors: Fanizza Giuseppe , Di Dio Enea , Durrer Ruth , Marozzi Giovanni
Published: August 2022

We compute the weak lensing Jacobi map at first order in perturbation theory and show that it is both, gauge invariant and symmetric. Linear perturbations therefore do not induce any rotation. However, vector and tensor perturbations do induce B-modes in the shear. We show that contrary to what is often claimed in the literature, the shear B-mode power spectrum is not fully determined by the rotation power spectrum. Also the E-mode shear power spectrum is not determined by the convergence power spectrum. While this difference is small for scalar perturbations, it becomes very significant for tensor perturbations, i.e. gravitational waves.
Directionality and head-tail recognition in the keV-range with the MIMAC detector by deconvolution of the ionic signal
Authors: Beaufort Cyprien , Guillaudin Olivier , Muraz Jean-François , Sauzet Nadine , Santos Daniel , Babut Richard
Published: August 2022

Directional detection is the only strategy for the unambiguous identification of galactic Dark Matter (DM) even in the presence of an irreducible background such as beyond the neutrino floor. This approach requires measuring the direction of a DM-induced nuclear recoil in the keV-range. To probe such low energies, directional detectors must operate at high gain where 3D track reconstruction can be distorted by the influence of the numerous ions produced in the avalanches. The article describes the interplay between electrons and ions during signal formation in a Micromegas. It introducesSimuMimac, a simulation tool dedicated to high gain detection that agrees with MIMAC measurements. This work proposes an analytical formula to deconvolve the ionic signal induced on the grid from any measurements, with no need for prior norad hocparameter. This deconvolution is experimentally tested and validated, revealing the fine structure of the primary electrons cloud and consequently leading to head-tail recognition in the keV-range. Finally, the article presents how this deconvolution can be used for directionality by reconstructing the spectra of mono-energetic 27 keV and 8 keV neutrons with an angular resolution better than 15°. This novel approach for directionality appears as complementary to the standard one from 3D tracks reconstruction and offers redundancy for improving directional performances at high gain in the keV region.
1Dand 2D Ξ
b
and Λ
b
baryons *
Authors: Yu Guo-Liang , Wang Zhi-Gang , Wang Xiu-Wu
Published: August 2022

Recently, scientists have achieved significant progress in experiments searching for excited

and

baryons such as

,

,

,

,

,

, and

. Motivated by these achievements, we systematically analyze the

and

states of

and

baryons using the method of quantum chromodynamics sum rules. By constructing three types of interpolating currents, we calculate the masses and pole residues of these heavy baryons with different excitation modes:

,

, and

. Subsequently, we decode the inner structures of

,

,

, and

and favor assigning these states as the

baryons with the quantum numbers

and

,

,

, and

, respectively. In addition, the predictions for the masses and pole residues of the other

and

and

baryons in this paper will be useful for studying D-wave bottom baryons in the future.
Studies on tetrafluoropropene-CO2 based gas mixtures for the resistive plate chambers of the ALICE Muon IDentifier
Authors: Ferretti A. , Abbrescia M. , Aielli G. , Alberghi G. , Arena M.C. , Barroso M. , Benussi L. , Bianchi A. , Bianco S. , Boscherini D. , Bruni A. , Camarri P. , Cardarelli R. , Corbetta M. , Di Ciaccio A. , Congedo L. , De Serio M. , Di Stante L. , Dupieux P. , Eysermans J. , Ferrini M. , Gagliardi M. , Galati G. , Gelmi A. , Guida R. , Joly B. , Liberti B. , Mandelli B. , Manen S.P. , Massa L. , Micheletti L. , Passamonti L. , Pastore A. , Pastori E. , Piccolo D. , Pierluigi D. , Polini A. , Proto G. , Pugliese G. , Quaglia L. , Rigoletti G. , Romano M. , Russo A. , Samalan A. , Salvini P. , Santonico R. , Saviano G. , Simone S. , Terlizzi L. , Tytgat M. , Vercellin E. , Verzeroli M. , Zaganidis N.
Published: August 2022

Due to their simplicity and comparatively low cost, Resistive Plate Chambers are gaseous detectors widely used in high-energy and cosmic rays physics when large detection areas are needed. However, the best gaseous mixtures are currently based on tetrafluoroethane, which has the undesirable characteristic of a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of about 1400 and because of this, it is currently being phased out from industrial use. As a possible replacement, tetrafluoropropene (which has a GWP close to 1) has been taken into account.

Since tetrafluoropropene is more electronegative than tetrafluoroethane, it has to be diluted with gases with a lower attachment coefficient in order to maintain the operating voltage close to 10 kV. One of the main candidates for this role is carbon dioxide. In order to ascertain the feasibility and the performance of tetrafluoropropene-CO2 based mixtures, an R&D program is being carried out in the ALICE collaboration, which employs an array of 72 Bakelite RPCs (Muon Identifier, MID) to identify muons. Different proportions of tetrafluoropropene and CO2, with the addition of small quantities of isobutane and sulphur hexafluoride, have been tested with 50 × 50 cm2 RPC prototypes with 2 mm wide gas gap and 2 mm thick Bakelite electrodes.

In the presentation, results from tests with cosmic rays will be presented, together with data concerning the current drawn by a RPC exposed to the gamma-ray flux of the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) at CERN.
Overview of intelligent technologies for ecosystem bioproductivity management based on neural network algorithms
Authors: Tokarev K E
Published: August 2022

One of the most promising areas of development of the management system of programmable agricultural production and increasing its productivity is currently the use of digital technologies and intelligent decision support systems based on neural network algorithms. Integration with remote monitoring systems of fields will allow you to monitor the condition of crops, make timely decisions on the implementation of appropriate agrotechnical measures, taking into account the specifics of land conservation and increasing the level of resource conservation. The article provides an overview of approaches to ecosystem productivity management using neural network algorithms and information technologies implementing them.
Digital platforms as a tool to form the technological basis of digital agriculture
Authors: Ulez’ko A V , Kurnosova N S , Kurnosov S A
Published: August 2022

The digital transformation of the economy is the next stage in the development of the social production system, characterized by the massive introduction of digital technologies in all spheres of human life. The diversity of digital technologies and the tasks solved by them determine objectively the need to develop certain standards of information interaction between subjects of the digital economy and the use of special tools that implement the integration functions of heterogeneous digital technologies. The digital platforms, which are a set of software and hardware tools for implementation of organizational, managerial, technical and technological solutions, can be considered as a basic tool for the integration of heterogeneous digital technologies, that provide the necessary conditions for the formation of a common information space of information interacting subjects and for the digitalization of these interactions as part of solving applied problems of the digital development of economic systems. The tasks of universal and specialized digital platforms designing and developing are among the priorities in the development of the digital transformation concept of macroeconomic systems, individual industries, spheres of activity and economic subjects.
Phytosanitary management in agricultural crops under irrigation
Authors: Komarov E V , Komarova O P
Published: August 2022

The article presents the results of long-term (1988-2020) entomological studies on the study of entomofauna complexes in irrigated agricultural landscapes. It was found that irrigation has a positive effect on the biodiversity increasing of the entomological component of the agroecosystems biotic components. The data of studying of the agricultural landscapes entomocomplexes species composition are presented. So, in the south-east of the European part of Russia (the Lower Volga region), 1432 insects species were recorded in irrigated agrocenoses, and 1582 species were recorded in natural adjacent biotopes (forest belts, forest belts edges, roadsides, etc.). 982 species were recorded in agrocenoses without irrigation. The paper considers the results of studying the species abundance, the regularities of the dynamics of the insects number under the irrigation conditions of the Lower Volga region. The data on the mesophytic microclimatic parameters formation in irrigated agrocenoses are presented. It is shown that the microclimate is one of the main factors determining the increase in biological diversity of entomocomplexes of irrigated agrocenoses. The species diversity and meso- and hygrophilous insects number also increase due to the appearance of additional microstations in irrigated agrocenoses (irrigation canals, storage ponds, spillways, etc.). The formation of polydominant entomological communities under irrigated conditions, which increase the balance of the agroecosystem, including by optimizing its trophic structure, has been established. On irrigated crops, there are more favorable ratios between pests and useful entomofauna, in connection with which the self-regulating ability of entomofauna complexes is enhanced. At the same time, the pesticide load on irrigated agricultural landscapes is reduced by 40-50%.
Development of an algorithm for spectral analysis of images from UAVs to assess the quality of crop sprouts
Authors: Kuzmin V A , Tokarev K E
Published: August 2022

Within the framework of the concept of precision agriculture, a timely assessment of crop seedlings is necessary for making managerial decisions. Today, in most farms, this assessment is carried out on the basis of a limited number of field observations. In this paper, it is proposed to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as a data source for assessing seedlings, with the help of which a one-time survey of significant territories is provided. The proposed technology of automated image processing from UAVs allows you to quickly obtain not only a qualitative, but also a quantitative assessment of seedlings. The article considers an algorithm for spectral analysis of images from UAVs to assess the quality of crop sprouts.
Onion Planter Opener Design and Stress-Strain Analysis
Authors: Ovtov V A , Gorshkov K A , Tretyakov N E , Bikmaev M V
Published: August 2022

The intensity of agricultural production in modern conditions is impossible without intensive saturation with high-performance equipment that ensures the combination of technological operations, taking into account soil fertility in the ecological products production of. The analysis of the used onion planters with runner-type openers is carried out and their existing shortcomings of the agro-technological planting operation in the production of marketable onions in agricultural farms of Russia are noted. The article presents a designed model of a runner-type opener with a roller gasket of the planting furrow bottom with given design parameters for planting bulbous crops. The traction resistance of the designed runner-type opener was determined, taking into account its design parameters and physical and mechanical properties of the soil. A stress-strain analysis of the runner-type opener body was carried out by using computer simulation in the KOMPAS-D computer-aided design system using the APM FEM module, which includes tools for performing 3D computational modeling, providing engineering analysis data management, predicting technical characteristics and behavior products on a single platform. The results of the analysis show that at a planting speed of 1.5 m/s, on medium loamy chernozems, the operating stresses arising in the opener body are significantly lower than the permissible values.
Research of natural functional ekotons in providing balanced development of the Tsimlyan reservoir in South Russia
Authors: Medvedeva L N
Published: August 2022

The article deals with the installation of nature-like technologies in natural reservoirs exposed to high anthropogenic load. Water resources and the changes occurring in them are studied by various scientific schools, but still, the main task is to determine the processes that maintain the homeostasis of the biosphere and which cause irreversible damage. Functional ecotones formed in the coastal water intake zones of water bodies are of particular interest. Since the prevalence of water-natural ecotones is very significant, the study of border biotic communities with the mechanism of fluctuation activity and continuity of biogeocenotic environments requires new technologies for biosphere monitoring. The results of studying the water area of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, located in the South of Russia, undergoing exogenous eutrophication, are shown. The surface layer of the reservoir, heated and enriched with organic and mineral substances, creates favorable conditions for the vital activity of problem biogens, which cause the rapid development of blue-green algae, creating the “blooming effect” of water. The degradation of the fishery Tsimlyansk reservoir with unique natural complexes can be stopped by the algolization technology developed at the All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. Biological reclamation, the introduction of Chlorella vulgaris into the bays of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, makes it possible to improve the sanitary and hygienic indicators of water, improve the species composition of biological resources, and reduce the “blooming effect”.
Model of soil moistening during wide-row crops drip strip irrigation
Authors: Lytov M N
Published: August 2022

The study is devoted to modeling the soil moisture zone formation during agricultural crops drip strip irrigation, taking into account the system-dynamic processes of moisture distribution during irrigation and in the inter-irrigation period. The working hypothesis of the study was the assumption that, due to the point method of water supply and the radial subsurface moisture distribution, the replenishment of soil moisture reserves within the boundaries of the humidification zone occurs unevenly and this must be taken into account when developing irrigation techniques for agricultural crops. The model characterizes the moisture distribution in the soil depending on the water supply volume and the transformation of zones with differentiated moisture reserves during the inter-irrigation period established for the crop. The study uses experimental data to check the moisture distribution features in the soil after irrigation and to assess the soil moisture saturation degree by zones of the moisture contour on the date when the need for the next vegetation irrigation was established. The results of the study substantiated the need for the introduction of new parameters characterizing the soil moisture distribution during drip strip irrigation, which must be taken into account for the formation of an optimal soil water regime, focused on the cultivated crop biological needs.
The assessment and ranking of factors of cultivation of cultivated plants in conditions of automated control of microclimate parameters
Authors: Lebed N I , Tokarev K E , Lebed M B
Published: August 2022

A conception of a highly productive method and an automated agritechnology have been proposed, which allow to grow improved plants in a completely controlled way under adjustable conditions, the plants being further adapted to the real conditions of growth. The implementation of the conception provides for integration of the modern methods of growing plants (aero- and hydroponics, climatic chambers, phytotrons, as well as a culture of isolated cells and tissues in vitro, and selection of modes and parameters of growing for a specific vegetal culture and a variety thereof. The goal of the research has become the assessment of the factors of growing cultural plants under the conditions of controlled parameters of the microclimate inside a closed artificial ecosystem, which is implemented by means of the automatic agritechnology proposed. The most significant factors, which are selected as a result of the researches shall be used for further planning of the experiment. The solutions proposed allow to not only effectively obtain the all-season output of crop products, but also seed and planting material. Also, the agritechnology proposed shall allow to produce products under the conception of vertical city-farms, which makes it independent from the area and time of growing.
The potential of transdisciplinary research for sustainable development
Authors: Pronichkin S V , Polevoi D V , Savelyev B I
Published: August 2022

Sustainability science can produce different theories in different sub-sectors, but the overall scientific goal is to combine such theories within a general scientific coordinate system. Scientific and methodological approaches to determining the effectiveness of using the transdisciplinary research results have been developed. A system of criteria for assessing the transdisciplinary research results has been built in the form of a hierarchical structure. Qualitative scales of criteria ranking have been developed. The developed scientific and methodological approaches can be used in the formation of a system of sustainable development indicators.
On Question of Sustainable Water use Ensuring in Russia and CIS Countries
Authors: Shevchenko V A , Isaeva S D
Published: August 2022

Water resources under conditions of intense anthropogenic pressure and climatic changes are becoming one of the critical factors in the mankind development and the world economy. Improving the water resources use efficiency in agriculture in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries is closely related to land reclamation. The conditions for the agricultural production water resource supply improving and the water use efficiency increasing during irrigation were considered, the measures required for this were determined, as well as the directions of the CIS countries joint research in the field of water resources use and protection, land desertification prevention.
The model development for automatic structuring of cultivated areas in agriculture
Authors: Petrov A A , Permiakov A A , Zvyagina A A , Podgornaya M A , Popova M I
Published: August 2022

Agriculture is the largest sector of both the global and Russian economies. Crop yields largely depend on soil fertility. Crop rotation is widely used in crop management, which improves the fields` ecological conditions and, consequently, the crops phytosanitary state, resulting in increased economic efficiency. Since the end of the twentieth century, the first models for the cropping systems optimization began to take shape. Today, agro-industrial holding in Russia is practically not automated.
Digitalization of intersubjective interactions in product chains
Authors: Kurnosova N S , Kurnosov S A , Ulez’ko A V , Khmelev D V
Published: August 2022

The efficiency of value added chains (product chains) largely depends on the interaction quality between subjects, located both in different links of these chains, and inside these links. The business communication tools and technologies evolution ensures the continuous development of information processes’s organization forms and methods occurring within product chains and the entire subjects interaction system integrated into them. The achieved level of information infrastructure’s development and information and communication technologies makes it possible to improve fundamentally the quality of intersubjective interactions between the participants associations’s integrated through the product chain digital ecosystem formation and the inclusion in it of all interacting subjects. Digital systems as a form of subjects informational coexistence and interaction integrated into the product chains of the agro-food complex require justification of their functionality, formation principles and provisions reflecting the industry specifics of the intersubjective interactions organization.
Assessment of technological properties of flour from different manufacturers and the quality of baked goods made of it
Authors: Vinogradov D V , Evsenina M V , Lupova E I
Published: August 2022

The article provides research on the influence of technological properties of wheat flour on the quality of various types of bread products. Studies have shown that differences in the quality indicators of wheat flour within one grade (premium) can affect the porosity, shape and color of the finished product. The nutritional value of bread is estimated by the content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and other biologically active compounds in it. This indicator is influenced by the quality of the raw materials used, including flour. At the same time, a product made of flour with better quality indicators has a higher price, which affects the selling price of loaves. In this case, the profitability is 15 %.
The efficiency evaluation of the power plants turbines control to optimize the agro-industrial complex objects power supply
Authors: Nikolaeva S I , Veselova N M , Zelyakovsky D V , Nekhoroshev D D , Sekaev V G
Published: August 2022

Modern food systems are entering a fundamentally new stage of technological development, which is based, first of all, on the introduction of new innovative technologies that make increased demands on the energy supply of agricultural enterprises. These requirements are based on ensuring a reliable, efficient and optimal energy supply to agricultural facilities. The article discusses the influence of weight coefficients in the criterion of the quality of optimal control of a complex power system, providing synchronous dynamic stability in the power supply systems of the agro-industrial complex.
Support for Innovative Activities in the Russian Agricultural Sector
Authors: Marinchenko T E
Published: August 2022

The government has designated national goals and strategic objectives for the development of the country’s economy. The agricultural sector must develop in accordance with the strategic guidelines and tasks facing the national economy, in addition, the industry faces global challenges, to overcome which a qualitative transformation of the industry based on innovation is required. It is possible to develop in accordance with national goals and strategic objectives only through performing an accelerated modernization of production facilities and significantly increasing the pace and scale of the development and implementation of innovative technologies. The government implements national projects and state programs that stimulate innovation and provides financial support. The paper analyzes the legal regulation, measures and instruments of government stimulation of innovation, systematizes state measures to be taken for these purposes and the resulting effects. Proposals for regional stimulation of innovative activity are formulated.
The additional power losses investigation in electric power transformers 10/0.4 kW of rural electrical networks
Authors: Hanin Yu I , Ivanova O A , Brenina T P , Petruhin V A , Chernousov P S
Published: August 2022

The calculating results of the electricity load losses components in power transformers 10/0.4 kW of rural municipal networks of 0.38 kW is presented. Statistical processing of the obtained data has been carried out. We obtained the shares of the electricity load losses components in power transformers 10/0.4 kW of rural municipal networks of 0.38 kW with the simultaneous effect of asymmetric currents, higher harmonics of current and excess reactive power.
Integration of interdisciplinary and evidence-based approach into research policy
Authors: Savelyev B I , Polevoi D V , Pronichkin S V
Published: August 2022

Sustainable development scientific concepts can be presented in the form of an integrated hierarchical network of frames. A knowledge base ontology model has been developed, which allows calculating the importance of frames, due to which the mechanism of adaptation to a given interdisciplinary field of scientific research is implemented. The ontology is identically represented as a multiplexed semantic network. An algorithm for determining the relevant frames based on the multisets metric spaces multiplicities has been developed. Mathematical and software support for the functioning of the decision support system has been developed, depending on the class of tasks for ensuring sustainable development.
The artificial intelligence method application for grain production productivity indicators predicting
Authors: Kumratova A M
Published: August 2022

The purpose of the article is to calculate the grain production productivity indicators prediction based on the operation mechanism of a linear cellular automatic machine. The concepts of «memory depth», «long-term memory» are given, a description of the artificial intelligence method, its approbation and interpretation of the results obtained are presented. It is shown that the grain production productivity predicting develops along cyclic trajectories; their characteristics stability is significantly higher than the stability of the periodicity of separately selected process points. The article presents a demonstration of the linear cellular automaton method operation based on the time series of grain crop yields in the Ishim district of the Tyumen region.
Development of an automated information system for calculating the break-even nitrogen balance in field crop rotations
Authors: Tkachenko V V , Velikanova L O , Tkachenko N A
Published: August 2022

The problems of crop production management and support for managerial decision-making are still relevant today [4]. Crop production is of strategic importance and is the basis of our country food security. The use of information technology in agriculture was limited to the use of computers and software, mainly for managing financial transactions and maintaining accounting and operational records. It should be noted that the measures taken to increase labor productivity and automate technological processes in the agro-industrial complex did not have a comprehensive nature, therefore, they did not significantly affect the industry efficiency and, as the result, the products competitiveness. Therefore, the computer decision support system development and implementation in the management of crop production technological processes, based on mathematical models for analyzing and assessing the economic efficiency of technologies for cultivating crops, models for rationalizing crop rotation, models for analyzing data from the crop rotation fields history book, models for the optimal selection of plant protection products and fertilizers acquired very topical. This research project can be considered a priority and highly demanded, as contributing to the fulfillment of one of the requirements of the State Program for the Agriculture Development and Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Foods Markets Regulation of the Russian Federation for 2013-2020. The goal of the project is to improve mathematical models and methods for managing technological processes at agricultural enterprises by developing and implementing an integrated automated information system for crop management. The article is devoted to the theoretical substantiation and feasibility of the software module practical implementation for solving the problem of planning and calculating the organic and mineral fertilizers dosages in farms’ field crop rotations in the Krasnodar Territory, which is part of the developed integrated automated information system for crop management at agricultural enterprises.
The entomophages use for crop protection: ecological and economic-mathematical modeling and forecasting
Authors: Zamotajlova D A , Popova E V , Khudyakova E V , Stepantsevich M N
Published: August 2022

The need for digital support of decisions taken in agriculture is a prerequisite for this industry transformation and development. One of the main directions in solving these issues is the use of end-to-end technologies, as well as convenient and effective economic and mathematical tools. In this regard, research in the development of economic and mathematical models and decision support tools, analysis and forecasting for the agro-industrial complex is relevant. In addition to supporting agriculture in general, attention should be paid to addressing issues of improving the efficiency of agricultural activities themselves; new effective methods and approaches introduction is of particular importance in this issue, the use of which will increase the industry attractiveness, promote import substitution, improve the quality of agricultural products, etc. The agricultural pests entomophages natural complexes use can be considered as one of the approaches to improving the “purity” of agricultural products due to the rejection (complete or partial) of chemical plant protection products. This underlines the necessity and relevance of creating a comprehensive software and mathematical tools for analyzing and predicting the dynamics of pest and entomophage populations, including allowing to consider possible economic effects.
3D printing of inorganic-biopolymer composites for bone regeneration
Authors: van der Heide Daphne , Cidonio Gianluca , Stoddart Martin James , D’Este Matteo
Published: August 2022

In most cases, bone injuries heal without complications, however, there is an increasing number of instances where bone healing needs major clinical intervention. Available treatment options have severe drawbacks, such as donor site morbidity and limited availability for autografting. Bone graft substitutes containing growth factors would be a viable alternative, however they have been associated with dose-related safety concerns and lack control over spatial architecture to anatomically match bone defect sites. A 3D printing offers a solution to produce patient specific bone graft substitutes that are customized to the patient bone defect with temporal control over the incorporated therapeutics to maximize their efficacy. Inspired by the natural constitution of bone tissue, composites made of inorganic phases, such as nanosilicate particles, calcium phosphate, and bioactive glasses, combined with biopolymer matrices have been investigated as building blocks for the biofabrication of bone constructs. Besides capturing elements of the bone physiological structure, these inorganic/organic composites can be designed for specific cohesivity, rheological and mechanical properties, while both inorganic and organic constituents contribute to the composite bioactivity. This review provides an overview of 3D printed composite biomaterial-inks for bone tissue engineering. Furthermore, key aspects in biomaterial-ink design, 3D printing techniques, and the building blocks for composite biomaterial-inks are summarized.
Conflicting outcomes of alternative energies: agricultural methane emissions and hydroelectricity, 1975–2015
Authors: Sikirica Amanda , Theis Nicholas , Betancourt Mauricio
Published: August 2022

Mitigating emissions from methane, a potent greenhouse gas (GHG), is a critical task of fossil fuel alternatives in energy generation as well as in other sectors with large environmental impacts such as agriculture. Agricultural methane emissions have not been given sufficient attention in social science approaches to the human dynamics of GHG emissions. Given the importance of methane emissions, the need for renewable energy development, and the relationship between hydropower and agricultural systems, we ask: does hydroelectricity development influence agricultural methane emissions? If so, under what socioeconomic conditions? Using the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and FAO data, we present fixed-effects models with robust standard errors to predict agricultural methane emissions from 1975–2015. Our results show that in low middle income nations and across all nations, increased hydroelectricity generation was associated with increased agricultural methane emissions during this period. We suggest hydroelectricity generation and affluence are associated with a suite of agricultural techniques, including the organization of agricultural waterbodies and animal feed, which may contribute to higher levels of agricultural methane emissions. Given the pressing need for alternatives to fossil fuels, we recommend further examination of the economic conditions for implementing alternative fuels to avoid unintended environmental harms, including those which directly counteract the intended emissions-reduction purpose of these alternatives.
Invited Commentary: The Importance of Descriptive Epidemiology
Authors: Platt Robert W
Published: August 2022

Lesko et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(12):2063–2070) propose a framework for descriptive epidemiology. This framework helps lay out some of the key issues in producing a useful descriptive work. Lesko et al. help emphasize the importance and value of descriptive work in epidemiology and public health. In this commentary, related issues are discussed and open questions are raised.
How to select a best-value biological medicine? A practical model to support hospital pharmacists
Authors: Barbier Liese , Vandenplas Yannick , Boone Niels , Huys Isabelle , Janknegt Rob , Vulto Arnold G
Published: August 2022

Purpose

With the growing availability of biosimilars on the global market, clinicians and pharmacists have multiple off-patent biological products to choose from. Besides the competitiveness of the product’s price, other criteria should be considered when selecting a best-value biological. This article aims to provide a model to facilitate transparent best-value biological selection in the off-patent biological medicines segment.

The presented model was developed on the basis of established multicriteria decision analysis tools for rational and transparent medicine selection, ie, the System of Objectified Judgement Analysis and InforMatrix. Criteria for the model were informed by earlier research, a literature search, and evaluation by the authors. The developed model includes up-to-date guidance on criteria that can be considered in selection and provides background on the allocation of weights that may aid hospital pharmacists and clinicians with decision-making in practice. Three main categories of criteria besides price were identified and included in the model: (1) product-driven criteria, (2) service-driven criteria, and (3) patient-driven criteria. Product-driven criteria include technical product features and licensed therapeutic indications. Service-driven criteria consist of supply conditions, value-added services, and environment and sustainability criteria. Patient-driven criteria contain product administration elements such as ease of use and service elements such as patient support programs. Relative weighting of the criteria is largely context dependent and should in a given setting be determined at the beginning of the process.

Conclusion

The practical model described here may support hospital pharmacists and clinicians with transparent and evidence-based best-value biological selection in clinical practice.
GAS6 From CD200+ Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Mitigates Colonic Inflammation in a Macrophage-Dependent Manner
Authors: Liang Zhen-Xing , Liu Hua-Shan , Xiong Li , Zeng Zi-Wei , Zheng Xiao-Bin , Kang Liang , Lan Ping , Wu Xian-Rui
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Stem cell therapy is a promising cell-based treatment modality for inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], but its application is limited by the nature of cell heterogeneity.

Methods

Single-cell RNA-sequencing was performed on the adipose-derived stem cells [ADSCs]. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of ADSCs was evaluated by co-culturing with human CD4+ T cells or macrophages. The in vivo therapeutic value of ADSCs was assessed using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] or 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS].

Results

CD200+ ADSCs were identified as a novel subpopulation of ADSCs, based on gene ontology analysis of immunoregulatory functions. The immunoregulatory functions of these cells were further confirmed by co-culturing with CD4+ T cells or macrophages. Administration of CD200+ ADSCs effectively reduced intestinal inflammation in IBD mice models. Furthermore, we found CD200+ ADSCs-derived GAS6 exerted protective effects on experimental colitis by promoting macrophage M2 polarization via the Mer/PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway.

Conclusions

This study uncovered the heterogeneity in ADSCs, in which CD200+ ADSCs presents as an alternative to conventional treatment of IBD.
Older Adults’ Lived Experience of Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Kimberly Laura L
Published: August 2022

Background and Objectives

The United States is witnessing a rapid increase in kidney transplantation (KTx) among adults aged 65 and older. Despite this demographic shift, older adults’ perspectives on KTx remain notably absent from the discourse on transplant policy and practice, and very little research has examined older adults’ perceptions and experiences of KTx.

Research Design and Methods

Employing a phenomenological approach, this study explored the lived experiences of 10 KTx recipients aged 65 and older. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted, and analyses followed the processes of phenomenological reduction, imaginative variation, and synthesis.

Results

Participants reported experiencing an initial disruption of their sense of embodied identity that ranged from mildly unsettling to deeply distressing. However, they described navigating this “liminal” period and eventually incorporating the donor kidney into their sense of embodied self. Notably, most participants viewed their older age as protective and reported that their lived experience over time enabled them to cope more effectively with the challenges they faced during the posttransplant recovery and adaptation period.

Discussion and Implications

Findings from this study can inform more equitable and age-responsive KTx policy, research and clinical practice and may be extended beyond KTx to other forms of solid organ transplantation, vascularized composite allotransplantation, and innovative bioengineered organs.
A curated human cellular microRNAome based on 196 primary cell types
Authors: Patil Arun H , Baran Andrea , Brehm Zachary P , McCall Matthew N , Halushka Marc K
Published: August 2022

Background

An incomplete picture of the expression distribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) across human cell types has long hindered our understanding of this important regulatory class of RNA. With the continued increase in available public small RNA sequencing datasets, there is an opportunity to more fully understand the general distribution of miRNAs at the cell level.

Results

From the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, we obtained 6,054 human primary cell datasets and processed 4,184 of them through the miRge3.0 small RNA sequencing alignment software. This dataset was curated down, through shared miRNA expression patterns, to 2,077 samples from 196 unique cell types derived from 175 separate studies. Of 2,731 putative miRNAs listed in miRBase (v22.1), 2,452 (89.8%) were detected. Among reasonably expressed miRNAs, 108 were designated as cell specific/near specific, 59 as infrequent, 52 as frequent, 54 as near ubiquitous, and 50 as ubiquitous. The complexity of cellular microRNA expression estimates recapitulates tissue expression patterns and informs on the miRNA composition of plasma.

Conclusions

This study represents the most complete reference, to date, of miRNA expression patterns by primary cell type. The data are available through the human cellular microRNAome track at the UCSC Genome Browser (https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgHubConnect) and an R/Bioconductor package (https://bioconductor.org/packages/microRNAome/).