bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A prognostic signature based on snoRNA predicts the overall survival of lower-grade glioma patients
Authors: Zhou Yi , Yin Wen , Kuang Yirui , Wu Zhaoping , Huang Haoxuan , Liu Weidong , Jiang Xingjun , Ren Caiping
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs enriched in the nucleus which direct post-transcriptional modifications of rRNAs, snRNAs and other molecules. Recent studies have suggested that snoRNAs have a significant role in tumor oncogenesis and can be served as prognostic markers for predicting the overall survival of tumor patients.

Methods

We screened 122 survival-related snoRNAs from public databases and eventually selected 7 snoRNAs that were most relevant to the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) patients for the establishment of the 7-snoRNA prognostic signature. Further, we combined clinical characteristics related to the prognosis of glioma patients and the 7-snoRNA prognostic signature to construct a nomogram.

Results

The prognostic model displayed greater predictive power in both validation set and stratification analysis. Results of enrichment analysis revealed that these snoRNAs mainly participated in the post-transcriptional process such as RNA splicing, metabolism and modifications. In addition, 7-snoRNA prognostic signature were positively correlated with immune scores and expression levels of multiple immune checkpoint molecules, which can be used as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy prediction. From the results of bioinformatics analysis, we inferred that SNORD88C has a major role in the development of glioma, and then performed in vitro experiments to validate it. The results revealed that SNORD88C could promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells.

Discussion

We established a 7-snoRNA prognostic signature and nomogram that can be applied to evaluate the survival of LGG patients with good sensitivity and specificity. In addition, SNORD88C could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells and is involved in a variety of biological processes related to DNA and RNA.
Advances in the study of B cells in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Fan Hongzhao , Liu Jia , Sun Jiajia , Feng Guiwen , Li Jinfeng
Published: November 2023

Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a non-negligible clinical challenge for clinicians in surgeries such as renal transplantation. Functional loss of renal tubular epithelial cell (TEC) in IRI leads to the development of acute kidney injury, delayed graft function (DGF), and allograft rejection. The available evidence indicates that cellular oxidative stress, cell death, microvascular dysfunction, and immune response play an important role in the pathogenesis of IRI. A variety of immune cells, including macrophages and T cells, are actively involved in the progression of IRI in the immune response. The role of B cells in IRI has been relatively less studied, but there is a growing body of evidence for the involvement of B cells, which involve in the development of IRI through innate immune responses, adaptive immune responses, and negative immune regulation. Therefore, therapies targeting B cells may be a potential direction to mitigate IRI. In this review, we summarize the current state of research on the role of B cells in IRI, explore the potential effects of different B cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IRI, and discuss possible targets of B cells for therapeutic aim in renal IRI.
Intestinal homeostasis in the gut-lung-kidney axis: a prospective therapeutic target in immune-related chronic kidney diseases
Authors: Liu Xinyin , Wang Xiaoran , Zhang Peipei , Fang Yiwen , Liu Yanyan , Ding Yueyue , Zhang Wen
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the role of intestinal homeostasis in health has received increasing interest, significantly improving our understanding of the complex pathophysiological interactions of the gut with other organs. Microbiota dysbiosis, impaired intestinal barrier, and aberrant intestinal immunity appear to contribute to the pathogenesis of immune-related chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Meanwhile, the relationship between the pathological changes in the respiratory tract (e.g., infection, fibrosis, granuloma) and immune-related CKD cannot be ignored. The present review aimed to elucidate the new underlying mechanism of immune-related CKD. The lungs may affect kidney function through intestinal mediation. Communication is believed to exist between the gut and lung microbiota across long physiological distances. Following the inhalation of various pathogenic factors (e.g., particulate matter 2.5 mum or less in diameter, pathogen) in the air through the mouth and nose, considering the anatomical connection between the nasopharynx and lungs, gut microbiome regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory states in the lungs and kidneys. Meanwhile, the intestine participates in the differentiation of T cells and promotes the migration of various immune cells to specific organs. This better explain the occurrence and progression of CKD caused by upper respiratory tract precursor infection and suggests the relationship between the lungs and kidney complications in some autoimmune diseases (e.g., anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies -associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus). CKD can also affect the progression of lung diseases (e.g., acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). We conclude that damage to the gut barrier appears to contribute to the development of immune-related CKD through gut-lung-kidney interplay, leading us to establish the gut-lung-kidney axis hypothesis. Further, we discuss possible therapeutic interventions and targets. For example, using prebiotics, probiotics, and laxatives (e.g., Rhubarb officinale) to regulate the gut ecology to alleviate oxidative stress, as well as improve the local immune system of the intestine and immune communication with the lungs and kidneys.
Potential biomarkers for predicting immune response and outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing thermal ablation
Authors: Sang Jing , Ye Xin
Published: November 2023

Thermal ablation is a promising alternative treatment for lung cancer. It disintegrates cancer cells and releases antigens, followed by the remodeling of local tumor immune microenvironment and the activation of anti-tumor immune responses, enhancing the overall effectiveness of the treatment. Biomarkers can offer insights into the patient’s immune response and outcomes, such as local tumor control, recurrence, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Identifying and validating such biomarkers can significantly impact clinical decision-making, leading to personalized treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on potential biomarkers for predicting immune response and outcomes in lung cancer patients undergoing thermal ablation, including their potential role in lung cancer management, and the challenges and future directions.
Nonfucosylation of an anti-TIGIT antibody enhances FcγR engagement, driving innate immune activation and antitumor activity
Authors: Smith Alyson J. , Thurman Robert E. , Zeng Weiping , Grogan Bryan , Lucas Sasha , Gutierrez Guadalupe , Heiser Ryan A. , Wo Serena W. , Blackmarr Amber , Peterson Scott , Gardai Shyra J.
Published: November 2023

TIGIT is an immune checkpoint receptor expressed on activated and memory T cells, immunosuppressive T regulatory cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TIGIT has emerged as an attractive target for antitumor therapies, due to its proposed immunosuppressive effects on lymphocyte function and T cell activation. We generated an anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds with high affinity to human, non-human primate, and murine TIGIT and through multiple experimental methodologies demonstrated that checkpoint blockade alone is insufficient for antitumor activity. Generating anti-TIGIT mAbs with various Fc backbones we show that muting the Fc-Fcγ receptor (FcγR) interaction failed to drive antitumor activity, while mAbs with Fc functional backbones demonstrate substantial antitumor activity, mediated through activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), T cell priming, and NK-mediated depletion of suppressive Tregs and exhausted T cells. Further, nonfucosylation of the Fc backbone resulted in enhanced immune responses and antitumor activity relative to the intact IgG1 backbone. The improved activity correlated with the biased FcγR interaction profile of the nonfucosylated anti-TIGIT mAb, which supports that FcγRIIIa binding with decreased FcγRIIb binding favorably activates APCs and enhances tumor-specific CD8+ T cell responses. The anti-TIGIT mAbs with intact FcγR interacting backbones also demonstrated synergistic enhancement of other standard antitumor treatments, including anti-PD-1 treatment and a model monomethyl auristatin E antibody–drug conjugate. These findings highlight the importance of the anti-TIGIT mAb’s Fc backbone to its antitumor activity and the extent to which this activity can be enhanced through nonfucosylation of the backbone.
Sharks and their relatives: can their past help predict their future?
Authors: Hasenei Aaron , Donelson Jennifer M. , Ravasi Timothy , Rummer Jodie L.
Published: November 2023

Elasmobranchs (i.e., sharks, skates, and rays) have survived five mass extinction events and changed relatively little throughout their ~450-million-year evolutionary history. Therefore, elasmobranchs may provide critical evolutionary perspectives on how species and populations can elicit phenotypic plasticity and adaptation responses to climate change. Unfortunately, despite their roles as critical apex- and meso-predators, most elasmobranch species are considered to be highly vulnerable to the impacts of fisheries exploitation and climate change, which is compounded by their K-selected life history strategies. Furthermore, the future of elasmobranchs is uncertain at best in the face of anthropogenic climate change because there have only been a handful of studies that have directly investigated the effects of climate change related stressors. Phenotypic plasticity in response to climate change, specifically ocean warming, may be a species’ best chance of resilience given the expedited rate of environmental change. However, despite extensive research on plasticity within and across generations in teleost fishes, there remains a knowledge gap for elasmobranch species, owing to their extended life spans and delayed sexual maturity. Here, we present four case studies on different elasmobranch species to lend perspectives on the capacity for phenotypic plasticity within the context of ocean warming. Furthermore, we discuss potential research avenues and modern technologies that may enable future investigations to empirically explore the capacity for phenotypic plasticity in elasmobranchs.
Periodontal pathogens of the interdental microbiota in a 3 months pregnant population with an intact periodontium
Authors: Carrouel Florence , Kanoute Aida , Lvovschi Virginie-Eve , Bourgeois Denis
Published: November 2023

Steroid hormones and the oral microbiota of pregnant women both appear as cumulative risk factors for gingivitis. This cross-sectional study, using real-time PCR, investigated the composition and diversity of the microbiota in interdental spaces of 3 months pregnant women with intact periodontium according the 2018 EFP/AAP classification. Bacteria identified were belonged to the red (Porphyromonas gingivalis Treponema denticola, and Tanerella forsythia), orange (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Parvimonas micra), and green (Eikenella corrodens and A. actinomycetencomitans) Socransky complexes. Approximatively 109.11 bacteria were counted per interdental space in pregnant women. Bacteria from the red complex represented 33.80% versus 62.81% for the orange group versus 3.39% for the green group of the total number spread over the 3 groups. Dietary habits and physical activity did not have a significant impact on interdental microbiota, although a decrease in the median amount of 9 periodontopathogens was observed when fruit and vegetable consumption increased. Pregnant women who brushed their teeth at least twice a day had lower counts of total bacteria and 9 periodontal pathogens than those who brushed less. In 3 months pregnant women at high risk of periodontal disease (>30% bleeding sites), the dendogram revealed 2 clusters of the 9 periodontopathogens. This provides further support for the “key pathogen” hypothesis, among which Porphyromonas gingivalis plays a key role, indicating that specific bacteria in limited quantities can influence the host immune system and convert the microbiota from symbiotic to dysbiotic to induce inflammatory disorder. As a result, this study reported that 3 months pregnant women with healthy periodontium had high levels of interdental bleeding and a dysbiotic microbiota with periodontal pathogens of the Socransky orange and red complexes. These subjects were therefore potentially at increased risk of developing periodontal disease and, consequently, an adverse pregnancy outcome. So, preventive oral prophylaxis measures, in particular individual interdental prophylaxis, should be implemented as soon as pregnancy is established.
Choline metabolism and its implications in cancer
Authors: Yao Nan , Li Wenqiang , Xu Guoshuai , Duan Ning , Yu Guoyong , Qu Jun
Published: November 2023

Choline, a quintessential quaternary ammonium compound, plays a cardinal role in several pivotal biological mechanisms, chiefly in safeguarding cell membrane integrity, orchestrating methylation reactions, and synthesizing vital neurotransmitters. This systematic review meticulously dissects the complex interplay between choline metabolism and its profound implications in oncology. The exposition is stratified into three salient dimensions: Initially, we delve into the intricacies of choline metabolism, accentuating its indispensability in cellular physiology, the enzymatic labyrinth governing its flux, and the pivotal cellular import mechanisms. Subsequently, we elucidate the contemporary comprehension of choline metabolism in the cancer paradigm, traversing its influence from inception to the intricate metamorphosis during oncogenic progression, further compounded by dysregulated enzyme activities and aberrant signaling cascades. Conclusively, we illuminate the burgeoning potential of choline-centric metabolic imaging modalities, notably magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and positron emission tomography (PET), as avant-garde tools for cancer diagnostics and therapeutic trajectory monitoring. Synoptically, the nuanced perturbations in choline metabolism in neoplastic entities unfurl critical insights, potentially heralding paradigm shifts in diagnostic and therapeutic oncological stratagems. A deeper foray into this realm is anticipated to fortify our molecular understanding and refine intervention modalities in cancer theranostics.
The opioid receptor: emergence through millennia of pharmaceutical sciences
Authors: Fairbanks Carolyn A. , Peterson Cristina D.
Published: November 2023

Throughout history humanity has searched for an optimal approach to the use of opioids that maximizes analgesia while minimizing side effects. This review reflects upon the conceptualization of the opioid receptor and the critical role that the pharmaceutical sciences played in its revelation. Opium-containing formulations have been delivered by various routes of administration for analgesia and other therapeutic indications for millennia. The concept of a distinct site of opium action evolved as practitioners developed innovative delivery methods, such as intravenous administration, to improve therapeutic outcomes. The introduction of morphine and synthetic opioids engendered the prevalent assumption of a common opioid receptor. Through consideration of structure-activity relationships, spatial geometry, and pharmacological differences of known ligands, the idea of multiple opioid receptors emerged. By accessing the high-affinity property of naloxone, the opioid receptor was identified in central and peripheral nervous system tissue. The endogenous opioid neuropeptides were subsequently discovered. Application of mu-, delta-, and kappa- opioid receptor-selective ligands facilitated the pharmacological characterization and distinctions between the three receptors, which were later cloned and sequenced. Opioid receptor signal transduction pathways were described and attributed to specific physiological outcomes. The crystal structures of mu, delta, kappa, and nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptors bound to receptor-selective ligands have been elucidated. Comparison of these structures reveal locations of ligand binding and engagement of signal transduction pathways. Expanding knowledge regarding the structure and actions of the opioid receptor fuels contemporary strategies for driving the activity of opioid receptors toward maximizing therapeutic and minimizing adverse outcomes.
Hopf bifurcation and patterns in a modified SIR model
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Zheng Qianqian , Shen Jianwei , Guan Linan
Published: November 2023

Infectious diseases have constantly threatened human safety because the diffusion of the susceptible and infected may make more individuals infected and even die. In this paper, a modified SIR model with both external stimulus and diffusion is considered to illustrate the dynamical mechanism of the periodic outbreak and pattern formation. Firstly, we propose a modified SIR model based on the propagation behaviour of infectious diseases to show the effects of the different parameters and diffusion on the outbreak. The Hopf bifurcation and multiscale methods are performed to analyze the stability of this model, which explains the dynamical mechanism of the periodic outbreak. Then, the pattern formation and Turing instability are discussed through comparison principles to reveal the role of periodic disturbances and diffusion in selecting pattern formation. Also, we find rich patterns that may occur when the frequency modulation is close to the intrinsic frequency. Finally, our theoretical results are verified by numerical simulation.
Importance of Noise Hygiene in Dairy Cattle Farming—A Review
Authors: Dimov Dimo , Penev Toncho , Marinov Ivaylo
Published: November 2023

Noise is defined as unwanted sound, whether chronic or periodic, and can be described in a variety of terms, including its frequency, intensity, frequency spectrum, and sound pressure shape over time. The sources of noise can be technical devices, various hydraulic systems, the engines of various machines, routine work (opening and closing doors, repairing stalls, talking of workers, feeding), mechanical ventilators, animal activities, including climbing barriers, chewing barriers, vocalizations of cows. Good farms in terms of noise level are considered to be those with a noise level up to 70 dB, while farms with a noise level above 70 dB are problematic. Noise levels above 70 dB also have a detrimental effect on cow welfare, and this is associated with a high number of somatic cells in milk. When milking dairy cows, the noise level should not exceed 65–70 dB, or if it exceeds this value, it should be for a short time, as this can lead to health disorders in humans and animals in the medium term.
A Preliminary Investigation of Salmonella Populations in Indigenous Portuguese Layer Hen Breeds
Authors: Miranda Carla , Batista Sónia , Mateus Teresa Letra , Vieira-Pinto Madalena , Ribeiro Virgínia , Dantas Rui , Brito Nuno V.
Published: November 2023

The sustainability of agroecological systems, biodiversity protection, animal welfare, and consumer demand for higher quality products from alternative and extensive farming methods have reinforced interest in local breeds that are well adapted to low-input environments. However, food safety needs to be safeguarded to reinforce consumer confidence. The aim of this study was to conduct a preliminary investigation on the occurrence of Salmonella spp. in eggshells, hen’s cloaca, and litter materials from autochthonous Portuguese laying hens raised in a semi-extensive system for small-scale production. A total of 279 samples from 31 flocks belonging to 12 farms were obtained, with 63 samples from the “Preta Lusitânica” breed, and 72 samples each from the remaining autochthonous breeds, namely, “Branca”, “Amarela”, and “Pedrês Portuguesa”. None (0%) of the samples analyzed were positive for Salmonella spp. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first results of Salmonella evaluation from hen’s cloaca, eggshells, and litter materials in autochthonous Portuguese chickens, suggesting that a semi-extensive production system can contribute to better food security and a lower risk to public health and the environment.
Ketamine–Propofol Coadministration for Induction and Infusion Maintenance in Anesthetized Dogs: Effects on Electroencephalography and Antinociception
Authors: Ko Jeff C. , Murillo Carla , Weil Ann B. , Kreuzer Matthias , Moore George E.
Published: November 2023

The effects of concurrent ketamine and propofol (ketofol) constant rate infusion (CRI) were examined in six dogs. The K:P ratio was 1:2, with an initial CRI of 0.25/0.5 mg/kg/min over ten minutes, followed by a 0.5 mg/kg ketamine bolus for induction. During induction, a comprehensive EEG frequency spectrum from delta to gamma was observed, accompanied by subanesthetic-dose ketofol-induced behavioral excitation, including nystagmus, tongue flicking, salivation and active muscle activity. The dogs were maintained on three 15 min decremental doses of ketofol CRI (0.8/1.6, 0.4/0.8 and 0.2/0.4 mg/kg/min). This phase featured a significant decrease in the Patient State Index, electromyographic activity and a shift to low beta waves (SEF95: 13–18 Hz). Additionally, profound antinociception to electric stimulation and a stable heart rate and blood pressure (MBP 81.5–110 mmHg) were observed, as well as a merging of ketamine and propofol EEG characteristics during maintenance. In the recovery phase, a return to beta and gamma EEG patterns and excitement behavior occurred, accompanied by a significant reduction in antinociception, highlighting features of low doses of ketofol. This study reveals biphasic EEG dynamic changes, associated behaviors and robust antinociception and cardiovascular function, suggesting the utility of ketofol as a total intravenous anesthetic combination in dogs.
Anaesthesia in Veterinary Oncology: The Effects of Surgery, Volatile and Intravenous Anaesthetics on the Immune System and Tumour Spread
Authors: Pinheiro Ana Vidal , Petrucci Gonçalo N. , Dourado Amândio , Pires Isabel
Published: November 2023

Throughout the course of oncological disease, the majority of patients require surgical, anaesthetic and analgesic intervention. However, during the perioperative period, anaesthetic agents and techniques, surgical tissue trauma, adjuvant drugs for local pain and inflammation and other non-pharmacological factors, such as blood transfusions, hydration, temperature and nutrition, may influence the prognosis of the disease. These factors significantly impact the oncologic patient’s immune response, which is the primary barrier to tumour progress, promoting a window of vulnerability for its dissemination and recurrence. More research is required to ascertain which anaesthetics and techniques have immunoprotective and anti-tumour effects, which will contribute to developing novel anaesthetic strategies in veterinary medicine.
Assessment of Health Indicators to Detect the Aging State of Commercial Second-Life Lithium-Ion Battery Cells through Basic Electrochemical Cycling
Authors: Michelini Emanuele , Höschele Patrick , Abbas Syed Muhammad , Ellersdorfer Christian , Moser Jörg
Published: November 2023

Upon reaching certain limits, electric vehicle batteries are replaced and may find a second life in various applications. However, the state of such batteries in terms of aging and safety remains uncertain when they enter the second-life market. The aging mechanisms within these batteries involve a combination of processes, impacting their safety and performance. Presently, direct health indicators (HIs) like state of health (SOH) and internal resistance increase are utilized to assess battery aging, but they do not always provide accurate indications of the battery’s health state. This study focuses on analyzing various HIs obtained through a basic charging–discharging cycle and assessing their sensitivity to aging. Commercial 50 Ah pouch cells with different aging histories were tested, and the HIs were evaluated. Thirteen HIs out of 31 proved to be highly aging-sensitive, and thus good indicators. Namely, SOH upon charging and discharging, Coulombic efficiency, constant current discharge time, voltage relaxation profile trend, voltage–charge area upon discharging, hysteresis open circuit voltage HIs, and temperature difference between the tabs upon charging. The findings offer valuable insights for developing robust qualification algorithms and reliable battery health monitoring systems for second-life batteries, ensuring safe and efficient battery operation in diverse second-life applications.
Nano-Biosensors for Detection and Monitoring (Volume 1)
Authors: Kant Krishna
Published: November 2023

Nano-biosensing technology is a continuously evolving and expanding field with applications concerning biological substances and sensing platforms, which include the detection of chemical, biological, and environmental elements and welfare [...]
Influence of Temperature–Humidity Sensor Housing Depth on Concrete and Mortar Compressive Strength
Authors: Kim Chaehyeon , Song Yooseob , Cho Junhwi , Kim Hyunhwan , Yeon Jaeheum
Published: November 2023

Recent advancements in sensor technology have led to an increase in embedding sensors into construction materials for monitoring purposes in the construction industry. However, systematic research on the resulting changes to the material properties is still lacking. A previous study confirmed that the copper–nickel-plated housing of SHT-31 sensors affects the compressive strength of mortar. Moreover, it is necessary to conduct further research to determine if this analogous occurrence takes place in concrete. This study embedded temperature–humidity sensor housings in concrete at 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, before performing compression tests and a finite element analysis (FEA). The empirical findings indicate that the compressive strengths of concrete at 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm depths were 26.1 MPa, 28.4 MPa, and 29.4 MPa, respectively. In contrast, the control concrete that did not have a sensor housing had a compressive strength of 31.9 MPa. In the case of mortar, a design strength of 28 MPa was achieved at a depth greater than 30 mm, while concrete reached this design strength at 20 mm. Based on these findings, embedding temperature–humidity sensor housings in concrete is recommended at depths greater than 20 mm from the surface. These results serve as important reference data for determining the optimal embedding depth of sensor housings in structures using cement-based materials.
Numerical Analysis of Concrete Deep Beams Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars
Authors: Sheikh-Sobeh Amena , Kachouh Nancy , El-Maaddawy Tamer
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to generate data through a verified numerical model. The data were subsequently used to introduce a simplified analytical expression for the prediction of the shear strength of concrete deep beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcing bars. A three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation model for a large-scale GFRP-reinforced concrete deep beam (300 × 1200 × 5000 mm) was developed and validated against published experimental data. A parametric study was then conducted to examine the effects of key variables on the behavior and shear strength of GFRP-reinforced concrete deep beams. Eighteen 3D numerical models were developed to study the interaction between the concrete compressive strength (f’c), the shear span-to-depth ratio (a/h), the spacing between web reinforcement (s), and the shear strength. The a/h value was either 1.0 or 1.5. The values of f’c were 28, 37, and 50 MPa. The spacings between the web reinforcement, if present, were 100 and 200 mm. The results of the parametric study indicated that the shear strength of deep beam models increased almost linearly with an increase in f’c and a decrease in the stirrup spacing irrespective of the value of a/h. The strength reduction caused by increasing a/h was more pronounced for the beam models with the lower f’c and greater stirrup spacing. The simplified analytical expression introduced in the present study provided a reasonable prediction for the shear strength of GFRP-reinforced concrete deep beams.
Molecular Linkage between Immune System Disorders and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Napiórkowska-Baran Katarzyna , Schmidt Oskar , Szymczak Bartłomiej , Lubański Jakub , Doligalska Agata , Bartuzi Zbigniew
Published: November 2023

A strong relationship exists between immune dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Immune dysregulation can promote the development of cardiovascular diseases as well as exacerbate their course. The disorders may occur due to the presence of primary immune defects (currently known as inborn errors of immunity) and the more common secondary immune deficiencies. Secondary immune deficiencies can be caused by certain chronic conditions (such as diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, autoimmune diseases, or cancer), nutritional deficiencies (including both lack of nutrients and bioactive non-nutrient compounds), and medical treatments and addictive substances. This article unravels the molecular linkage between the aforementioned immune system disorders and atherosclerosis.
Epitaxial Growth of Cobalt Oxide Thin Films on Sapphire Substrates Using Atmospheric Pressure Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Chen Hou-Guang , Wang Huei-Sen , Jian Sheng-Rui , Yeh Tung-Lun , Feng Jing-Yi
Published: November 2023

This study demonstrated the epitaxial growth of single-phase (111) CoO and (111) Co3O4 thin films on a-plane sapphire substrates using an atmospheric pressure mist chemical vapor deposition (mist-CVD) process. The phase structure of the grown cobalt oxide films was manipulated by controlling the growth temperature and process ambient, confirmed through X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the electrical properties of Co3O4 films were significantly improved after thermal annealing in oxygen ambient, exhibiting a stable p-type conductivity with an electrical resistivity of 8.35 Ohm cm and a carrier concentration of 4.19 × 1016 cm−3. While annealing CoO in oxygen atmosphere, the Co3O4 films were found to be most readily formed on the CoO surface due to the oxidation reaction. The orientation of the atomic arrangement of formed Co3O4 was epitaxially constrained by the underlying CoO epitaxial layer. The oxidation of CoO to Co3O4 was largely driven by outward diffusion of cobalt cations, resulting in the formation of pores in the interior of formed Co3O4 films.
Film Deposition of Electrochromic Metal Oxides through Spray Coating: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Maho Anthony , Nayak Suraj , Gillissen Florian , Cloots Rudi , Rougier Aline
Published: November 2023

Electrochromism induces reversible changes of coloration in specific organic and inorganic materials through electrical charge/discharge reactions. When processed into thin films, electrochromic metal oxides can be integrated into glazing applications such as displays, rearview mirrors, goggles and, most notably, smart windows in energy-efficient buildings. Over the years, the use of spray coating as a liquid-based approach has been acknowledged for its cost-efficient, high-throughput samples production with a low volume consumption. It represents an interesting alternative to vacuum processes and to other wet methods, suitably responding to the current limitations of electrochromic thin films production by offering improved control over deposition parameters and capacities of up-scaling, together with lowered energetic and economic costs. The present review summarizes the main theoretical and practical aspects of spray coating, notably distinguishing room-temperature methodologies from pyrolysis-based, under heating protocols. The main families of functional electrochromic metal oxides are then screened and discussed, establishing how spray processing can challengingly lead to higher levels of optical contrast, commutation kinetics, coloration efficiency and cycling durability, and how low-toxic and environment-friendly precursors can be favored while sustaining large deposition areas.
Preparation and Applications of Superhydrophobic Coatings on Aluminum Alloy Surface for Anti-Corrosion and Anti-Fouling: A Mini Review
Authors: Zhu Qianyi , Du Xiaoqing , Liu Yudie , Fang Xuming , Chen Dongchu , Zhang Zhao
Published: November 2023

Aluminum alloy is widely used in many fields for its excellent performance. However, in practical application, aluminum alloy is easy to become corroded and be invalidated, owing to the influence of environmental factors. Some pollutants or corrosive media on its surface adhesion will further deepen the failure rate of aluminum alloy, resulting in a large amount of workforce waste, waste of material and financial resources, and energy consumption. So the anti-corrosion and anti-fouling treatment of aluminum alloy surfaces to expand their practical application range and reduce energy loss are of great significance. In this paper, we first summarize the types of anti-corrosion and anti-fouling coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces. We found that superhydrophobic coating has attracted widespread attention recently because of its surface’s non-wetting and low surface energy characteristics. The superhydrophobic coating refers to a coating with a water contact angle on its surface greater than 150° and a sliding angle of less than 10°. Preparing superhydrophobic coatings on the surface of aluminum alloy can improve the corrosion resistance and anti-pollutant adhesion ability at the same time. Therefore, in the following part of the review, the preparation methods of superhydrophobic coatings on aluminum alloy surfaces for anti-corrosion and anti-fouling and the significant problems encountered in the practical application of the superhydrophobic coating on aluminum alloy surfaces, such as poor anti-corrosion durability and poor mechanical stability, and the existing methods to solve these critical problems, are summarized and discussed in detail. Finally, we put forward some new solutions to solve these vital issues.
Creation of Next-Generation Plant-Based Seafood Using Emulsion Gel Technology: Omega-3-Enriched Sea Foie Gras Analogs
Authors: Kobata Kanon , Zhang Zhiyun , McClements David Julian
Published: November 2023

Plant-based seafood analogs are gaining increasing popularity as replacements for traditional fish and other seafood products due to environmental (stock depletion, pollution, and bycatch issues) and health (bioaccumulated toxins, norovirus, and allergies) concerns associated with them. Several companies have launched plant-based fish products, but the market still lacks alternatives to shellfish and other sea delicacies. In this study, a plant-based sea foie gras (monkfish liver product) analog was developed using duckweed RuBisCO protein and omega-3-rich flaxseed oil to form emulsion gels. These gels consisted of a high concentration of flaxseed oil droplets dispersed within a gelled RuBisCO protein network. It was hypothesized that the high disperse phase volume fraction of the oil droplets and the heat-set gelation properties of the RuBisCO proteins would enable us to create emulsion gels that mimicked the properties of sea foie gras. A natural pigment (β-carotene) was incorporated into the oil phase of the emulsions to mimic the red-orange color of conventional sea foie gras. The structural, textural, and optical properties of real and plant-based sea foie gras analogs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, dynamic shear rheology, texture profile analysis, and colorimetry. Emulsion gels prepared using 40% flaxseed oil and 10% RuBisCO proteins produced plant-based products that closely simulated the texture and color of the real products. Rheological analysis suggested that the oil droplets acted as active fillers within the protein gels. Our results suggest that emulsion gels may be used to create more sustainable and healthier plant-based seafood products.
Investigation of Impregnation Approach of Zinc Oxide Nano-Dispersions for Potential UV Stabilization in Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica
Authors: Sommerauer Lukas , Petutschnigg Alexander , Schnabel Thomas
Published: November 2023

As biological material, wood is distinctly affected by to various environmental influences during use. Reductions in durability can come from ultraviolet (UV) radiation, insects, fungi, and microorganisms in both exterior and interior applications. Wood can be easily protected from living organisms via the control of moisture content; however, UV radiation is not so easily managed. Wood components subject to this degradation are damaged and decomposed at a molecular level leading to deterioration of surface quality, especially in visible application areas. A potential remedy to this is using the UV-stabilizing properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nano-dispersions based on propylene glycol (PG) were introduced into the microscopic structure of fir (Abies alba) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) wood by whole-cell impregnation to overcome problems associated with surface coatings. In this work the material uptake of ZnO nano-dispersions in concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% w/v were investigated and their effect on the stability of the optical appearance to UV exposure in short-term weathering were evaluated. Untreated reference samples showed significant photo-yellowing. A 1% w/v ZnO dispersion significantly increased the UV stability of treated surfaces. It was found that the uptake of the nano-dispersions was independent of the proportion of ZnO, and that the impregnating agents penetrated fir wood (about 200%) stronger than beech wood (about 70%). Already, a 2% w/v ZnO nano-dispersion led to a saturation of ZnO in the cell structure of the treated wood, for fir as well as beech, and no further ZnO uptake was achieved with 3% w/v nano-dispersions. Scanning electron microscopy shows an agglomeration of ZnO-NP in the cellular pathways impacting penetration, reducing leachability at higher concentrations.
Skin Symptoms That Appeared after Fixation with a Titanium Plate in a Jaw Deformity Patient Suffering from Palmoplantar Pustulosis: A Case Report
Authors: Obayashi Fumitaka , Koizumi Koichi , Ito Nanako , Obayashi Nami , Shintani Tomoaki , Kajiya Mikihito , Yanamoto Souichi
Published: November 2023

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a stubborn skin disease involving repeated aseptic small pustules on the palms and soles of the feet, which is triggered and exacerbated by metals and dental focal infections. There are few reports of an exacerbation of PPP symptoms after orthognathic surgery. The patient is a 40-year-old female who consulted an orthodontist at our hospital, complaining of a protruding maxilla and malocclusion. Under the diagnosis of skeletal prognathism, she underwent surgery for jaw deformity. Although no allergic symptoms were observed during the orthodontic treatment prior to surgery, postoperative scaling on the palms and soles of her feet worsened, and itching was observed on the skin, especially on the titanium plate used to secure the bone fragments. Under the diagnosis of metal allergy, treatment with steroids and vitamin D ointment failed to improve the condition, so surgery was performed to replace the metal plate with a non-metallic absorbable plate in the third postoperative month. Afterwards, the pruritus resolved, and erythema and scale on the palms and soles nearly disappeared. In the present case, though, oral bacterial infection, a past history of smoking, and stress from surgery were also considered to be possible causes of PPP exacerbation, and we concluded that one of the causes of PPP exacerbation was metal allergy from the plates or screws used to fix the bone fragments.
The bZIP Transcription Factor Family Orchestrates the Molecular Response to Nitrite Stress in the Largemouth Bass Spleen
Authors: Sun Yan , Huang Yi , Wang Ying , Wang Yanqun , Hao Guiying , Jiang Changwei , Huang Zhiqiu
Published: November 2023

Nitrite toxicity poses a significant threat to aquatic organisms, including largemouth bass (LMB) and Micropterus salmoides. This study aimed to elucidate the role of bZIP transcription factors in mediating the molecular responses to nitrite stress in the LMB spleen. We identified 120 bZIP genes in the LMB genome using bioinformatics analysis and divided them into 11 subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships. Under nitrite stress, the bZIP_XI subgroup was upregulated, suggesting the activation of the stress response in the LMB spleen. Cellular pathway analysis revealed enrichment of pathways related to stress response, DNA repair, apoptosis, and autophagy. Co-expression network analysis highlighted bZIP_XI members such as msabZIP_49, msabZIP_12, msabZIP_39, and msabZIP_116 as potential key regulators. These transcription factors likely modulated the expression of stress-related genes like VCAM1, POLE3, and BMP1. Conserved binding motifs in the promoters of these genes may support regulation by bZIP_XI. Furthermore, bZIP_XI members correlated with immune cell infiltration in the spleen, potentially regulating immune-related genes like BCL2L1 and SELE. Homologs of bZIP_XI in other fish species exhibited similar expression patterns under stress. Overall, this study implicates the bZIP transcription factor family, notably the bZIP_XI subgroup, in orchestrating the molecular response of the LMB spleen to nitrite toxicity by regulating stress response pathways and immune function. These findings provide insights into nitrite stress adaptation in fish.
Vacuolar Sugar Transporter TMT2 Plays Crucial Roles in Germination and Seedling Development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Cao Yanting , Hu Jinju , Hou Jinrong , Fu Chenguang , Zou Xingyue , Han Xuxia , Jia Pulian , Sun Chenjie , Xu Yan , Xue Yuhan , Zou Yiming , Liu Xinyue , Chen Xueying , Li Guoyang , Guo Jianing , Xu Min , Fu Aigen
Published: November 2023

Vacuolar sugar transporters transport sugar across the tonoplast, are major players in maintaining sugar homeostasis, and therefore play vital roles in plant growth, development, and biomass yield. In this study, we analyzed the physiological roles of the tonoplast monosaccharide transporter 2 (TMT2) in Arabidopsis. In contrast to the wild type (WT) that produced uniform seedlings, the tmt2 mutant produced three types of offspring: un-germinated seeds (UnG), seedlings that cannot form true leaves (tmt2-S), and seedlings that develop normally (tmt2-L). Sucrose, glucose, and fructose can substantially, but not completely, rescue the abnormal phenotypes of the tmt2 mutant. Abnormal cotyledon development, arrested true leaf development, and abnormal development of shoot apical meristem (SAM) were observed in tmt2-S seedlings. Cotyledons from the WT and tmt2-L seedlings restored the growth of tmt2-S seedlings through micrografting. Moreover, exogenous sugar sustained normal growth of tmt2-S seedlings with cotyledon removed. Finally, we found that the TMT2 deficiency resulted in growth defects, most likely via changing auxin signaling, target of rapamycin (TOR) pathways, and cellular nutrients. This study unveiled the essential functions of TMT2 for seed germination and initial seedling development, ensuring cotyledon function and mobilizing sugars from cotyledons to seedlings. It also expanded the current knowledge on sugar metabolism and signaling. These findings have fundamental implications for enhancing plant biomass production or seed yield in future agriculture.
Rheumatoid Synovial Fluid and Acidic Extracellular pH Modulate the Immunomodulatory Activity of Urine-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Cehakova Michaela , Ivanisova Dana , Strecanska Magdalena , Plava Jana , Varchulova Novakova Zuzana , Nicodemou Andreas , Harsanyi Stefan , Culenova Martina , Bernatova Sona , Danisovic Lubos
Published: November 2023

Urine-derived stem cells (UdSCs) possess a remarkable anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activity. However, the clinical significance of UdSCs in autoimmune inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is yet to be explored. Hence, we tested the UdSCs response to an articular RA microenvironment. To simulate the inflamed RA joint more authentically in vitro, we treated cells with rheumatoid synovial fluids (RASFs) collected from RA patients, serum deprivation, acidosis (pH 7.0 and 6.5), and their combinations. Firstly, the RASFs pro-inflammatory status was assessed by cytokine quantification. Then, UdSCs were exposed to the RA environmental factors for 48 h and cell proliferation, gene expression and secretion of immunomodulatory factors were evaluated. The immunosuppressive potential of pre-conditioned UdSCs was also assessed via co-cultivation with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In all experimental conditions, UdSCs’ proliferation was not affected. Conversely, extracellular acidosis considerably impaired the viability/proliferation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ATSCs). In the majority of cases, exposure to RA components led to the upregulated expression of IL-6, TSG6, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and PD-L1, all involved in immunomodulation. Upon RASFs and acidic stimulation, UdSCs secreted higher levels of immunomodulatory cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES, GM-CSF, and IL-4. Furthermore, RASFs and combined pretreatment with RASFs and acidosis promoted the UdSCs-mediated immunosuppression and the proliferation of activated PBMCs was significantly inhibited. Altogether, our data indicate that the RA microenvironment certainly has the capacity to enhance UdSCs’ immunomodulatory function. For potential preclinical/clinical applications, the intra-articular injection might be a reasonable approach to maximize UdSCs’ therapeutic efficiency in the RA treatment.
Deep Learning for Genomics: From Early Neural Nets to Modern Large Language Models
Authors: Yue Tianwei , Wang Yuanxin , Zhang Longxiang , Gu Chunming , Xue Haoru , Wang Wenping , Lyu Qi , Dun Yujie
Published: November 2023

The data explosion driven by advancements in genomic research, such as high-throughput sequencing techniques, is constantly challenging conventional methods used in genomics. In parallel with the urgent demand for robust algorithms, deep learning has succeeded in various fields such as vision, speech, and text processing. Yet genomics entails unique challenges to deep learning, since we expect a superhuman intelligence that explores beyond our knowledge to interpret the genome from deep learning. A powerful deep learning model should rely on the insightful utilization of task-specific knowledge. In this paper, we briefly discuss the strengths of different deep learning models from a genomic perspective so as to fit each particular task with proper deep learning-based architecture, and we remark on practical considerations of developing deep learning architectures for genomics. We also provide a concise review of deep learning applications in various aspects of genomic research and point out current challenges and potential research directions for future genomics applications. We believe the collaborative use of ever-growing diverse data and the fast iteration of deep learning models will continue to contribute to the future of genomics.