bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast Events in Electrocyclic Ring-Opening Reactions
Authors: Liu Yusong , Xu Rui , Sanchez David , Martinez Todd , Wolf Thomas
Published: October 2024

Electrocyclic reactions are characterized by the concerted formation and cleavage of multiple σ and π bonds in a molecular system and have been extensively studied since the first introduction by Robert Woodward and Roald Hoffmann in 1965. Recent advancements and the integration of time-resolved experiments and nonadiabatic quantum molecular dynamics simulations have transformed the traditional understanding of electrocyclic reactions beyond the Woodward-Hoffmann rules. In this review, we focus on recent studies on 1,3-cyclohexadiene and two of its derivatives, α-phellandrene and α-terpinene, to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of electrocyclic photochemical reactions. We highlight recent progress in ultrafast electron diffraction techniques and the simulation approach of ab initio multiple spawning (AIMS). Together, these approaches can elucidate molecular structure dynamics from femtosecond to picosecond timescales and nuclear and electronic response at conical intersections.
Proton-transfer kinetics at liquid-liquid interfaces
Authors: D'Antona Nick , Barnard Nadia , Ardo Shane , Wang Yixian , Surendranath Yogesh , Kempler Paul , Boettcher Shannon
Published: October 2024

Proton transfer at electrochemical interfaces is fundamentally important for many areas of science and technology, yet kinetic measurements of this elementary step are often convoluted by inhomogeneous electrode surface structures. We show that facilitated proton transfer at the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES) can serve as a model system to study proton transfer kinetics in the absence of defects found at solid|electrolyte interfaces. Diffusion-controlled micropipette voltammetry revealed that 2,6-diphenylpyridine (DPP) facilitated interfacial proton-transfer across the HCl(aq)|Trifluorotoluene interface and voltammetry at nanopipette-supported interfaces yielded activation-controlled ion transfer currents. Fitting quasireversible voltammograms to a mixed diffusive-kinetic model allow for the extraction of kinetic parameters k0 and α, which were equal to 3.0 +/- 1.8 cm/s and 0.3 +/- 0.2, respectively for DPP facilitated proton transfer. Finite element simulations highlighted regimes of direct proton transfer and sequential proton transfer, where the current divided between these two possible pathways was shown to favor direct PT when the neutral partitioning step DPP(org) to DPP(aq) was rate determining. Understanding the kinetics of ion transfer at the ITIES will be important in the development of general theories of ion transfer in electrochemical science and technology.
Synthetic reactions using a 3-D printed acid-catalyst
Authors: Hood Jacob , Chen Niechen , Klumpp Douglas
Published: October 2024

A 3-D printed cartridge was fabricated using acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) printer filament. The cartridge was printed with an internal helical honeycomb channel pattern - providing a high surface area suitable for flow chemistry. The internal chamber of the cartridge was treated with fuming sulfuric acid to anneal the surface and functionalize the material with sulfonic acid groups. The 3-D printed catalyst was then used in a variety acid-catalyzed organic reactions, with conversions in 52-97% yields.
Arrangement of Coseismic Monitoring for Components in Groundwater from the Orlik Settlement: the Western Baikal Rift System
Authors:   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Rasskazov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Chebykin E.P. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS,   Limnological Institute SB RAS, Snopkov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Sharastepanov B.D. ,   Orlik Secondary School, Papaev A.P. ,   Orlik Secondary School, Pastykova N.P. ,   Orlik Secondary School, Ilyasova A.M. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Sankov V.A. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS,   Irkutsk State University,   V.M. Matrosov Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory SB RAS
Published: October 2024

Study of components in groundwater from springs, wells, and river waters in the Orlik settlement and adjacent areas is performed for arrangement of coseismic monitoring in the western part of the Baikal rift system. The first groundwater data series obtained from 17 November 2023 to 16 April 2024 show contrasting coseismic U variations, indicating the high sensitivity of the selected monitoring sites.
Twenty-second Spring Expedition of the Portulan Club to the Munku-Sardyk Area
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kovalenko S.N. , Kitov A.D. ,   Sochava Institute of Geography, CO RAS
Published: October 2024

The results are summarized and the field work of the spring expedition 2024 of the student-teaching club "Portulan" together with the staff of the Institute of Geography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the area of Munku-Sardyk Mountain, within the framework of which field scientific geographical studies of nival-glacial formations, river and near-slope glaciers, slope relief forms and processes forming them in the valleys of the rivers Bely Irkut, Bugovek, Muguvek were conducted: regime surveys of high-mountainous glaciers, and weather monitoring was traditionally conducted.
Scientific School Cenozoic Continental Rifting: From Foundation to Development (to the 95th Anniversary of the Birth of the Academician N.A. Logatchev)
Authors:   Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS, Rasskazov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: October 2024

The article, prepared in connection with the 95th anniversary of N.A. Logatchev's birth, highlights his role in the development of N.A. Florensov's ideas about Cenozoic continental rifting in the Baikal area. The author's vision of his path as a scientist is given, having established himself in his youth and uniting specialists of various profiles in his mature age into a new scientific direction "Cenozoic Continental Rifting", within the framework of which systematic knowledge about the Baikal and other Cenozoic continental rift systems was obtained.
Monitoring of Uranium Components and Si – Na/Li Temperatures in the Arshan Groundwater Reservoir of Tunka Valley in 2012–2024: Tracing Paragenetic Relationships between Hydrogeochemical, Seismic, and Volcanic Processes in the Baikal Rift System
Authors:   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Rasskazov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University, Chebykin E.P. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS,   Limnological Institute SB RAS, Chuvashova I.S. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS,   Irkutsk State University, Ilyasova A.M. ,   Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, Snopkov S.V. ,   Irkutsk State University,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University,, Yi-ming Sun ,   Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

Monitoring series of the 234U/238U activity ratio, concentrations of U, and Si – Na/Li temperatures in reservoir of groundwater from the Arshan sanatorium area in the Tunka Valley are obtained in 2012–2024. With taking into account published materials and existing ideas on the groundwater genesis in the Tunka Valley, it is proposed that the entry of uranium components into groundwater is controlled by uranium dissolution under the influence of gases – oxidizers and reducers. It is augured that the isotopic equilibrium between 234U and 238 in cold carbon dioxide mineral waters can serve as an indicator of the impact of oxidized fluids on their deep reservoir, and the disruption of the equilibrium can serve as an indicator of the replacement of the affecting oxidized fluids by reduced ones. The monitoring data series are used to trace paragenetic relationship between hydrogeochemical, seismic, and volcanic processes in the Baikal Rift System.
STRENGTHENING GOVERNANCE: THE ROLE OF CONTINUOUS LEARNING IN ENHANCING PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Iskindirova Zhazira , Bekbayev Abay , Bukanova Zhanar
Published: October 2024

This article is based on the results of the research conducted in 2023, implemented under the agreement between the Hanns Seidel Foundation and the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This study is a logical continuation of the research conducted in 2021 on satisfaction of local heads (akims) with the first conducted elections of akims of cities of district significance, rural districts, settlements and villages. The researchers assume that newly elected local heads may have problems with decision-making on some issues. This may be provoked by the lack of certain competences needed in rural areas. The article presents the results of the research of training needs of representatives of local government. During the research a mixed type of methods (quantitative and qualitative) was used. At the first stage, a sociological survey was conducted among local heads (akims) of cities of district significance, rural districts, settlements and villages (n=250). At the second stage of the research an in-depth interview was conducted with participation of akims, representatives of non-governmental organisations and business structures (n=29). The study showed that there is a need for training in communication skills, financial and legal literacy, as well as socio-cultural and psychologi-cal competences among representatives of local government.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR STUDYING HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE POLITICAL ASPECT
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Shaltay Yerkebulan , Zhanpeisova Kargash , Kaharman Aisana
Published: October 2024

The study of historical memory is an essential aspect of political science. This is due to the case that the role of historical memory is substantial in ensuring the internal stability and development of the state, the identity of the people. Therefore, the policy of historical memory of Kazakhstan is not to demonstrate superiority over others or criticize our history for its difficulties. It is in order to determine our true iden-tity based on our historical memory through an objective study of the history. The national consciousness will be wide due to the enormous inner spiritual connection of our society, the wealth of the historical memory fund and its influence on historical consciousness. Cultural continuity and national-civic iden-tity are realized on the basis of historical memory. Therefore, historical memory, which has not yet been studied from the point of view of political science, is an urgent problem as an important factor in ensur-ing political stability and economic development of the country. We should study this issue in theoreti-cal and conceptual terms due to the dispersion and lack of systematization of research necessitates. The purpose of the study is to give a political definition by analyzing the conclusions concerning historical memory, analyze it in order to determine its types and directions and make a conclusion. In the article, the conclusions of foreign and domestic scientists are systematized and classified according to their content. On the basis of general scientific methods such as systematization, classification, and annology, the interdisciplinary nature of historical memory is determined. We proposed an integrated approach to solving the problem. The concepts of historical memory, social memory, collective memory, cultural memory are analyzed and their content is highlighted. The concept of forgetting, which goes hand in hand with the concept of historical memory, is analyzed. The reasons for forgetting aspects of the past are shown and its influence on the country’s policy is determined.
EXPLORING OPEN STAR CLUSTER MEMBERSHIPS WITH N-BODY SIMULATIONS AND MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Bissekenov Abylay , Kalambay Mukhagali , Abylkairov Sultan , Shukirgaliyev Bekdaulet
Published: October 2024

This work explores the application of supervised machine learning algorithms on N-body simulations to analyze the membership of open star clusters. The simulations used in this study are based on the Plummer model, clusters formed with constant star-formation efficiency (SFE) per free-fall time. We use simulations with different SFE and initial random realization. The random forest model was trained using simulations based on a 15% SFE over a time period of 20-100 million years. Subsequently, the model was tested on other N-body simulations with SFEs ranging from 17% to 25%, demonstrating consistently high classification accuracy throughout the dynamic evolution of the tested simulations. The model successfully identified cluster members with minimal deviations despite variations in SFE. Additionally, the algorithm maintained robustness against noise and initial conditions. Most of the errors observed in the model were false positives (FP), often located within a 2 Jacobi radius, suggesting gravitational binding to the cluster's center. This framework and learning strategy exhibit effectiveness and hold promise for further application in analyzing mock observations obtained from N-body simulations. Future work will focus on extending this method to more realistic observational scenarios.
Quantum structure of the surface layer of metals
Authors:   AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, Yurov Victor , Goncharenko Vladimir , Oleshko Vladimir , Zhangozin Kanat
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose a model for determining the thickness of the surface layer of metals and the quantum structure of this layer. An atomically smooth metal is represented as a diagram: nanolayer → mesolayer → bulk phase, which differ from each other in the nature of size effects. There is no size effect in the bulk phase. The thickness of the surface layer of metals R(I) has a size from 1 nm to 10 nm, except for cesium, i.e. they represent a nanostructure. It is shown that the energy levels En of the nanolayer are determined by one fundamental parameter - the lattice constant of the metal à. As soon as the parameter à stops changing, the spectrum of quantum states passes into a continuous spectrum. The nanolayer R(I) is a step function in En, which can be easily reduced to the Lebesgue integral, which plays an important role in quantum theory. Quantum threads (quantum planes) in the nanolayer R(I) can be interpreted as solitons, crowdions, discrete breathers turning into nanocracks. Quantum threads in the R(I) nanolayer and the nanolayer itself can be represented as a nanoparticle with a diameter of R(I) and pre-melting occurs in it in a stepwise manner. It is finally shown that all metal monolayers differ significantly from each other.
Analysis of the sustainability of swimming pools: Water and energy cycles
Authors: Arimany-Serrat Núria , Gómez Guillén Juan José
Published: October 2024

The objective of this article is to conduct a literature review aimed at analyzing recent research conducted between 2018 and March 2023 concerning the water and energy cycles in swimming pools. This review aims to provide updated information by considering the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the sector. Additionally, it serves as a complementary review to a previous study that encompassed research up until 2018. Four challenges that the review seeks to analyze and investigate are identified: water balance, energy balance, chemical balance, water treatment, and diverse legislation. Regarding the water balance, the importance of reducing evaporation from swimming pools is highlighted, especially in Mediterranean climates with prolonged drought periods. Various solutions to improve the water balance are analyzed, such as the use of solar covers and the optimization of the water recirculation and filtration system. In relation to the energy balance, it is recognized that the use of pumps and filters consumes a lot of energy. The review emphasizes the importance of optimizing the water recirculation and filtration system, and various ways to improve the energy efficiency of pool heating and air conditioning are examined. In addition, the use of renewable energy technologies, such as solar panels, to reduce the energy demand of pools is considered. In summary, this review updates previous research on the water and energy cycles in swimming pools, with a focus on water and energy balance. The review identifies challenges and solutions to improve the sustainability of pools and highlights the importance of addressing the complexity of applicable legislation. The results of this review are expected to be useful for future research and to promote more sustainable management of swimming pools.
Statistical analysis of the efficiency of customs warehouses use when applying customs regimes during the period of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Laichuk S.M. , Polishchuk I.R. , Kogut K.S. , Synytska N.V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the comparative characteristics of the organization of storage of goods in customs warehouses under the «customs warehouse» regime. A general scientific method of comparison was used to identify disparities between the volumes of customs payment receipts in the regional section by individual customs offices. An algorithm for determining the maximum term of storage of goods in a customs warehouse depending on the applied customs regime has been built. The grouping of customs offices by the area of customs warehouses in terms of their types was carried out on the basis of the register of enterprises that were granted permission to open and operate customs warehouses for 2022–2023. The possible options for placement of goods in the current customs warehouses at the customs of Ukraine are given, which allowed establishing the specialization of customs by types of customs warehouses. A statistical analysis of the structure and dynamics of customs payments by customs in 2021 and 2022 was carried out, which made it possible to determine the most effective and ineffective customs in terms of revenue to the State Budget of Ukraine. The comparative characteristics of the normative regulation of the order of organization of storage of goods in the customs warehouse under the conditions of the «customs warehouse» regime and other customs regimes in accordance with the Customs Code of Ukraine are given. It was put forward to test the hypothesis that one of the important factors affecting the receipt of customs payments to the State Budget of Ukraine is the area of customs warehouses. The coefficient of determination was applied as a method of correlation-regression analysis, which confirmed the existence of a significant relationship between the area of customs warehouses and expected customs payments to the State Budget of Ukraine. It has been established that among the factors affecting the receipt of customs payments, 38 percent is accounted for by the area of customs warehouses, and 62 percent by other factors.
Efficiency of state financial control: approaches to evaluation and conditions of increase
Authors: Bardash S.V. , Svirko S.V.
Published: October 2024

Unresolved problems of the development of state financial control slows down the positive impact of the socio-economic development of the country. In the conditions of martial law and a shortage of financial resources, impeccable state financial control acquires the characteristics of one of the main guarantors of the effective and transparent use of international financial aid. The efficiency of the DFC becomes the main indicator of effective management of public finances. The article examines approaches to the assessment of the effectiveness of DFC. It was established that the reduction of the volume of financial violations depends on a group of factors: the effectiveness of the control measure, the effectiveness of the state financial control body; the quality of the evidence base, which should be a factor of irreversible action in matters of compensation for material damage caused to the state; completeness of implementation of recommendations on elimination of established violations and prevention of their occurrence in the future; the level of professional competence of managers of public sector entities in the implementation of control powers. It was determined that the desired efficiency of the DFC depends on the quality of its legal, methodological and praxeological support. Achieving a significant impact on the indicators of the state sector of the national economy can also take place thanks to the improvement of the qualifications of managers of state sector entities.
Ecosystem accounting as a component of managing Ukraineʼs recovery on the basis of sustainable development
Authors: Ostapchuk S.M. , Tsaruk N.H. , Volyak L.R.
Published: October 2024

In the context of global and national goals of sustainable development, the data of the traditional accounting system is not enough to assess the benefits that society receives from ecosystems and their services, as well as the analysis of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment. In this regard, the international communityʼs efforts formed the concept of ecosystem accounting, the data of which characterize the importance of ecosystems for national economies and humanity. The article aims to reveal the conceptual foundations, objects and accounts of ecosystem accounting and identify the factors that determine the need for its implementation as an essential component of managing the recovery of Ukraine based on sustainable development. The research is based on the method of analogy and abstract thinking. The research hypothesis – the feasibility of introducing ecosystem accounting in Ukraine – was proven using the methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction and comparison based on the results of previous studies on the assessment of the effectiveness of ecosystem accounting concepts in some countries and information requests from the government, investors and international partners regarding the state of ecosystems in Ukraine in wartime. The article reveals the principles that are the basis for the development of national concepts of ecosystem accounting. The key objects of ecosystem accounting are ecosystems as a set of assets that form natural capital and ecosystem services, i.e. unique public goods. The structure of ecosystem accounts was presented, accumulating the information necessary to measure natureʼs contribution to the economy and human well-being. This approach allows taking into account the many advantages of nature, which are often not valued in the market in the traditional accounting system and, accordingly, are ignored when making economic decisions. The factors determining the need to develop a national concept of ecosystem accounting and its practical implementation as soon as possible have been identified. The flexibility of the ecosystem accounting concept, which consists of the possibility of forming ecosystem accounts according to the specifics of the countryʼs natural capital, taking international principles as a basis, will allow for an objective assessment of the national wealth and ensure its restoration, rational distribution and accumulation.
Regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting
Authors: Seletska D.O.
Published: October 2024

This article is dedicated to the study of the regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting, the relevance of which is determined by the increasing impact of enterprisesʼ activities on the environment, society, and the economy. To date, the formation of sustainability reporting for Ukrainian enterprises is not mandatory, but in the context of enhanced European integration, understanding international and European reporting standards becomes critically important. The aim of the research is to review the current regulatory framework for the formation of sustainability reporting and to develop proposals for its implementation in the activities of Ukrainian business entities. The article analyzes the standards of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), and the standards of the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB). GRI offers universal, thematic, and sectoral standards that provide a comprehensive approach to disclosing information about the impacts of an enterprise on the economy, society, and the environment. The ESRS standards, which have become mandatory for large companies and enterprises whose shares are listed on EU stock exchanges, aim at harmonizing sustainability reporting within the framework of the European Green Deal. ISSB standards, which include recommendations from SASB, TCFD, and CDSB, ensure the disclosure of financially significant information for investors. The analysis showed that all three systems of standards are largely aligned with each other, which facilitates the process of transition between them for enterprises. The use of GRI standards in Ukraine can serve as a basis for further transition to ESRS and ISSB standards in the event of Ukraineʼs accession to the EU. The article emphasizes the importance of developing methodological recommendations for the implementation of GRI for Ukrainian enterprises. The conclusions of the study indicate the necessity of actively implementing international sustainability reporting standards in Ukraine to enhance transparency, stakeholder trust, and strategic enterprise management.
EU experience in regional distribution of science and innovation funding
Authors: Svitlyshyn І. , Poplavskyi P. , Klymenko I.
Published: October 2024

Regional allocation of R&I funding in the European Union is an important tool for stimulating economic growth and social development in different regions. This article explores the EU's experience in regional funding of science and innovation, identifying key trends, challenges and good practices. The regional approach to funding science and innovation aims to reduce disparities in regional development, support less developed regions, and facilitate the integration of different regions into the European research area. At the same time, there are significant challenges related to the uneven distribution of funding, insufficient institutional capacity of regional bodies and lack of coordination between different funding programmes. The paper analyses the impact of R&I investments on regional development, especially in the context of the growing role of intangible assets and digital technologies. The results of the study highlight the need to further improve funding mechanisms, enhance the institutional capacity of regions, and increase coordination between different funding programmes. This would ensure a more equitable distribution of resources and help to increase the competitiveness of less developed regions. For Ukraine, an understanding of the European regional distribution of funding for science and innovation can be very important for its successful integration into the European Research Area, contributing to improving the quality of education and science, strengthening the innovation ecosystem, optimising resource allocation and increasing Ukraine's competitiveness on the international stage.
Diplomatic Ukraine in the international arena: miscalculations and gains in wartime conditions
Authors: Lytvynchuk O. , Shevchuk A. , Yurkivskyі A. , Dyka O.
Published: October 2024

The key tasks of domestic diplomacy in strengthening the international coalition in support of Ukraine are argued, promoting the ideas of improving the security system and forming new formats of international cooperation to effectively confront modern threats.
The necessity of reforming international security organizations in view of increasing their efficiency and ability to quickly and decisively respond to violations of international law and the use of force is justified, promoting the ideas of creating effective mechanisms of collective security and preventive diplomacy.
The strategic directions of Ukrainian diplomacy during the war, regarding active sanctions actions, which included fourteen packages of economic and personal sanctions against the Russian Federation adopted by the Council of the EU, were analyzed.
The effectiveness of sanctions pressure and the possibility of achieving peace are characterized. It was emphasized that close coordination of efforts with partner countries, on the one hand, and coordination of sanctions policy, on the other, as well as the provision of military and financial assistance, development of the national defense industry, are the key to the stability of the Ukrainian state.
The research used a number of scientific methods, including systematic, comparative, historical, expert evaluation methods, as well as analysis and synthesis methods.
Features of viewing the discretionary authorities of the subject of public administration before and after the adoption of the law on administrative procedure
Authors: Bilchuk O.
Published: October 2024

The article carries out a selective, retrospective analysis of scientific publications and analytical materials that highlight the discretionary powers of the entity performing the functions of public administration. The relevance of this issue is due to the entry into force of the Law of Ukraine No. 2073-IX "On Administrative Procedure" (from now on referred to as Law No. 2073-IX) and the adaptation of the legislation of Ukraine, the procedures of state bodies and officials, to the requirements of the specified Law No. 2073-IX.  The positive need for discretionary powers is determined by the fact that with their help administrative procedures:

become flexible in the hands of the subject of public administration, i.e. can adapt to a specific life situation;
remain effective in the event of a change in circumstances (let's say legislation), the subject of public administration, within the framework of its discretionary powers, is not obliged to wait for detailed instructions or explanations to perform the functions of public administration.

The more deeply, including in the historical context, the more the subject of public administration will understand his discretionary powers, the more effectively and confidently he will apply them. The wider and more multifaceted he will know the scope of his discretionary powers, the better the administrative services he will provide and the administrative decisions will be made. Therefore, in the opinion of the author, any alternative methodical approaches to working with discretionary powers are currently relevant based on the fact that a significant part of administrative procedures in Ukraine has not yet been adapted to the requirements and principles of Law No. 2073-IX, and therefore each a new perspective will give them a more comprehensive understanding. In the article, the main attention is focused on the historical aspect, with the help of which an attempt was made to reveal the specific features of discretionary powers, which are provided for by Law No. 2073-IX.  Also, the first part of the article is devoted to the general understanding of discretionary powers and the development of this institute among legal scholars and practitioners.
Legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of prevention and counteraction of crime against the economic system
Authors: Grytsyshen D. , Baranovska T. , Butuzov V. , Sokha S.
Published: October 2024

This scientific article examines the legal forms, directions and tools of international cooperation in the field of preventing and countering crime against the economic system. The conditions of globalization, internationalization and digital society have significantly increased the importance of international cooperation in the field of law enforcement activities for the formation and implementation of state policy on the prevention and counteraction of criminal offenses against the economic system. The rapid spread of globalization has led to the expansion of the scope of crime and corruption, which go beyond state control and violate the international legal order. The growing scale and threat of crime emphasizes the need to increase the importance of cooperation between states in the fight against this phenomenon, as well as conducting scientific research in this area. The results of the study confirm the need to determine the specifics of legal forms, tools and directions of international cooperation in the field of crime prevention and countermeasures. It has been established that national legislation provides for the use of various legal forms of international cooperation, including the conclusion of bilateral and multilateral agreements, participation in international organizations and cooperation with international police organizations such as INTERPOL, EUROPOL, ASEANAPOL, AMERIPOL, AFRIPOL, GCCPOL, AIMC. It is also important to take into account the specifics of the activities of these international police organizations. In addition, national sources of law were identified that regulate international cooperation in the field of law enforcement. These results highlight the need to develop effective strategies and policies to counter crime that threatens the economic system at the international level.
International law regulation of children's right to education in the post-conflict period
Authors: Naumchuk D.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of international legal and national instruments for the regulation of the right of children to education during the conflict and the post-conflict period and to the determination of the mechanisms of its restoration. The author highlights the problem of violation of children's rights, in particular the right to education, during armed conflicts, using the example of the aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The article examines the genesis of international law on the protection of children's rights, starting from the Geneva Conventions, which for the first time provided for special protection for children during armed conflicts, to modern international instruments. The author emphasizes the inadequacy of the existing international legal mechanisms regarding the restoration of children's right to education during the conflict and post-conflict period. Attention is paid to the analysis of the consequences of armed conflicts for the educational infrastructure. The author emphasizes that the restoration of education is a key factor in overcoming the consequences of the war and ensuring long-term stability and development of the country. The article also suggests practical measures to restore children's right to education. The role of international organizations such as UNICEF, UNESCO, UNHCR and others in promoting the restoration of the right to education in the post-conflict period is considered separately. In conclusion, the author calls for the expansion of the international legal and national framework that would ensure the proper protection and restoration of children's rights, especially the right to education, in the post-conflict period, emphasizing the need to implement new mechanisms at the national and international levels.
The relationship between criminal and medical law in the era of cybernetic civilization
Authors: Sidelkovskyi O. , Dragan I. , Tsimbalyuk V.
Published: October 2024

The article offers for consideration separate results of comprehensive scientific research on the relationship between criminal and medical law in the era of cybernetic civilization. Attention is focused on the issue of prospects for the formation of elements of artificial intelligence in the medical field with extrapolation and judicial proceedings regarding the criminal responsibility of medical workers. Attention is also drawn to the so-called "criminal medical cases". In the theory of criminal law, criminology and criminology, such a concept as "cases concerning professional medical offenses" is also used in relation to criminal medical cases, in the sense of intentional or negligent acts committed by medical workers in the performance of their professional duties, prohibited by criminal law under the threat of punishment . Analyzing the general issues of responsibility of medical workers for professional criminal offenses, it is proposed to consider them in two aspects of manifestation: professional medical crimes; official medical crimes. Criminal acts of medical workers, for which they are held criminally liable on general grounds, are proposed to be separated separately from the composition of medical crimes. It is shown that today one of the means of systematic resolution of legal conflicts in jurisprudence is the possibilities of achievements in the field of informatics, cybernetics for the proper management of human behavior with the use of electronic communication technologies, which is the essence of the era of cyber civilization, cybernetic society, in particular, in what determines the essence of industry artificial intelligence systems.For the qualitative creation of branch systems of artificial intelligence, legal science faces the task of properly setting tasks for the developers of such systems, taking into account the relevant regulatory and legal array, its incorporation and consolidation, including at the conceptual level. In terms of prospects for further research, it is proposed to pay attention to the problems of systemic improvement of the medical sphere of society, including for the qualitative implementation of the achievements of informatics and cybernetics, in particular through the formation of artificial intelligence. In this regard, legal science should create an appropriate array of structured, interrelated knowledge at the interdisciplinary level under the conventional name of medical and legal informatics.
Directions of scientific research and legal acts on the managerial capacity of executive authorities
Authors: Yarmystyi M.
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problem of forming the management capacity of executive authorities. The author analyzes scientific works and regulatory legal acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine on the efficiency of executive authorities and public administration reform. The author establishes the mutual correspondence between the areas of scientific research and the areas of practical implementation of state programs. The main directions of formation of managerial capacity are identified: regulatory, institutional, personnel management, mechanisms and procedures of managerial activity, interaction of executive authorities with the public, communication and information support, European integration of public administration. The author classifies the areas of scientific research and regulatory legal acts which are united in the imperatives of forming the management capacity of executive authorities. It is emphasized that an integrated approach is required in the formation of the management capacity of executive authorities, taking into account various areas and imperatives. The author emphasizes that a generalized characterization of the directions at the level of concepts or imperatives can serve as a comprehensive approach to the development of conceptual programs for reforming public administration.
National security of Ukraine: analysis of risks and challenges
Authors: Mosienko O. , Hordiichuk O. , Klymenko I. , Kondratiuk Y.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the essential characteristics of Ukraine's national security, its components, role and features in the context of global security. The understanding of Ukraine's national security is presented in military, political, information, and cultural dimensions.
The challenges to Ukraine's national security since the declaration of independence (1991), the mistakes of domestic and foreign policy that deprived Ukraine of the military power inherited after the collapse of the USSR are analyzed. The reasons for the prolonged uncertainty of the foreign policy and the unformed national idea are highlighted both at the level of the political authorities, which were under the strong influence of the Russian Federation, and in the context of the dynamics of public sentiment of Ukrainians and their political mentality. The influence of European values and traditions, Soviet narratives, and Russian propaganda on the identity and political mentality of Ukrainians, and how these sentiments affected the state-building process are studied.
The situation of Ukraine in the military-political sphere after independence to the Revolution of Dignity is traced; the influence of European traditions on the state-building process is noted; the role of Ukrainian culture as an important factor in countering Russian expansion and a factor of national security is emphasized; Ukraine's achievements on the path to European integration are highlighted.
Transformation of the political mentality of Ukrainian society during the period of being part of the USSR
Authors: Hordiichuk O.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the causes and peculiarities of the transformation of the mentality of Ukrainian society in general and the political mentality in particular during the period of being part of the USSR under the totalitarian regime and communist ideology.Among the main changes in the political mentality of Ukrainians in Soviet times, the author identifies an increase in distrust/hostility towards the government and its institutions, the political system in general; unwillingness to comply with the law and the search for opportunities to circumvent it; disbelief in one's own strengths and capabilities, and an inferiority complex; focus on personal interests and immediate environment (individualism); passivity in public and political life; tolerance of corruption and the psychology of permissiveness of the so-called “small evil” for the sake of personal survival and “to avoid even worse”; adaptability, betrayal, etc.The modern modernization and successful development of Ukraine are complicated by the moods, beliefs, stereotypes, certain behavioral patterns, etc. present in Ukrainian society, which were formed in the Soviet era and allowed for physical survival, but are now destructive features of the post-totalitarian and post-colonial heritage that need to be eliminated is proved. These processes have been intensified by Russia's war against Ukraine.It is emphasized that the analysis of the specifics, mechanisms and consequences of the influence of the USSR on Ukrainian society allows us to explain a number of features of modern political behavior of Ukrainians, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the Ukrainian political system. The author points out that the victory in the war with Russia, the successful modern experience of building a democratic state based on the rule of law in Ukraine, where citizens actively interact with the political system and political power is realized for the benefit of the Ukrainian people, can counteract the destructive effects of being part of the USSR on the political mentality of Ukrainians.
Per- ve Polifloroalkil Maddeler’in (Sonsuz Kimyasallar) Çevredeki Kalıcılığı, Yayılımı, Birikimi ve Sağlığa Etkileri
Authors: Yurtsever Meral
Published: October 2024

Per- ve polifloroalkil maddeler (PFAS) yaygın kullanılan, yüksek kararlılıkları nedeniyle çevrede kalıcı halde biriken sentetik kimyasallardır. Florlanmış hidrofobik bir kuyruk ve hidrofilik bir fonksiyonel grup içeren kısa ve uzun zincirli bileşikleri sayesinde yapısal olarak çok çeşitli olan bu maddeler, yağ ve su itici özellikleri nedeniyle birçok endüstriyel ve tüketici ürününde yer almakta; ancak biyobirikim ve toksisite riskleri taşımaktadır. Küresel ölçekte 4700’den fazla türü üretilmiş olan PFAS'ların uzun zincirli türleri kısa zincirlilere göre daha kalıcıdır, ancak iki grubunda oluşturabileceği toksik riskler benzer olabilmektedir. 1940’lardaki ilk üretiminden bu yana çevresel ortamlarda (hava-su-toprak-biyota) birikmeye başlayan, bitkilerde ve hayvanlarda biyokümüle olabilen PFAS’ların, insan sağlığı üzerinde kanser, hormonal bozukluklar ve bağışıklık sistemi üzerinde olumsuz etkiler sergilediği anlaşılmıştır. Bu nedenle PFAS'ların kontrolü ve çevresel izleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışma, PFAS'ların çevredeki kalıcılığını, hareketliliğini, taşınım ve birikimini ele alarak insan sağlığı üzerindeki potansiyel riskleri ve bu doğrultuda alınması gereken izleme ve kontrol önlemlerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır.
Peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance pirimicarb
Authors:   European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Álvarez Fernando , Arena Maria , Auteri Domenica , Leite Sofia Batista , Binaglia Marco , Castoldi Anna Federica , Chiusolo Arianna , Colagiorgi Angelo , Colas Mathilde , Crivellente Federica , De Lentdecker Chloe , De Magistris Isabella , Egsmose Mark , Fait Gabriella , Ferilli Franco , Santonja German Giner , Gouliarmou Varvara , Halling Katrin , Nogareda Laia Herrero , Ippolito Alessio , Istace Frederique , Jarrah Samira , Kardassi Dimitra , Kienzler Aude , Lanzoni Anna , Lava Roberto , Leuschner Renata , Linguadoca Alberto , Louisse Jochem , Lythgo Christopher , Magrans Oriol , Mangas Iris , Mavriou Galini , Mioč Andrea , Miron Ileana , Molnar Tunde , Padovani Laura , Padricello Vincenzo , Panzarea Martina , Parra Morte Juan Manuel , Rizzuto Simone , Romac Anamarija , Rortais Agnès , Santos Miguel , Serafimova Rositsa , Sharp Rachel , Szentes Csaba , Terron Andrea , Theobald Anne , Tiramani Manuela , Vianello Giorgia , Villamar‐Bouza Laura
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden for the pesticide active substance pirimicarb are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012, as amended by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 2018/1659. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use(s) of pirimicarb as an insecticide on winter and spring wheat and sugar beet via foliar spray application and on ornamental pot plants in permanent greenhouses. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.