bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le culte de la baleine, une exception vietnamienne?
Authors: Macdonald Charles
Published: June 2011

In the fishermen villages of Southern and Central Vietnam, there exists a rather surprising institution : the so-called 'whale cult', a series of ceremonies aimed at honouring the spirit of a dead whale found on the shore. This ancient cult, dating back to at least the 18th century, presents many original characteristics : the fact that the person who found the corpse is considered as the 'son' of the whale which in turn is refered to as his 'mother' or 'father', the incorporation of the cult to an official state rite, the syncretism it implies in relation to Buddhism, and its distribution, limited to the villages of the South and the Center of the country.

We will attempt here to give a brief account of the cult and put it in an ethnologic and comparative perspective.
Les intellectuels cambodgiens face au régime khmer rouge, 1975-1979
Authors: Vairon Lionel
Published: June 2011

With the collapse of the Lon Nol regime in April 1975 and the establishment of the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodian intellectuals entered an awkward and terrifying adventure. They felt torn apart between an inflexible patriotism and a romantic vision of a Revolution supposed to outmatch all previous revolutionary experiences. Most of the Cambodian intellectuals trained abroad chose to return to their homeland in order to contribute to the rebuilding of a country devastated by war. They were called upon by some of the Cambodian leaders they trusted. They were to discover quickly the realities of a frightening revolution which was, like any other, devouring its children, driven by a tragical and kafkaesque destructive fury. Under the guidance of Ieng Sary, a system of terror was set up where people seemed to escape only to die at the hands of a medieval security apparatus. Hundreds of intellectuals went back to Cambodia between 1975 and 1978. Only a handful survived, either by luck or because they had actively taken part in the system. The majority of Cambodian intellectuals were decimated and some of the leaders responsible for these mass killings still live peaceful lives, and will probably be spared the retribution of a genocide trial which is going to be set up soon in Cambodia.
Po Nagar de Nha Trang (1re partie)
Authors: Schweyer Anne-Valérie
Published: June 2011

L'histoire du site de Po Nagar à Nha Trang est connue grâce à des inscriptions datées du VIIIe au XIVe siècle. On sait que s'y pratiquait le culte d'une divinité féminine, yāṅ pu nagara, parallèlement au culte du dieu Bhadreśvara à My Son. L'étude détaillée des inscriptions permet de comprendre l'organisation du site et de reconnaître les différents cultes pratiqués à côté de celui de la déesse. Elle montre aussi la construction dans le temps d'un discours politique sur la déesse symbolisant la terre même de Campā, en complémentarité avec le dieu protecteur des rois de Campā à My Son. Cette présentation historique du site sera suivie par la publication du dossier épigraphique dans le prochain numéro d'Aséanie.
Les Doktors germaniques dans le Viet Minh
Authors: Schütte Heinz
Published: June 2011

This paper deals with the peregrinations of three young antifascist intellectuals born around 1910 in Germany and Austria who sought refuge in France and opted in 1938 and 1939 for the Foreign Legion so as to fight against the Nazi regime. In 1941, in order to save them from forced repatriation by the German armistice commission, they were sent to Indochina where they founded a communist cell in the Legion and made contact with the anticolonialist resistance, the Viet Minh. Having survived Japanese imprisonment, they rallied the Viet Minh in 1945 as collaborators of Pham Van Dong, Truong Chinh and Vo Nguyen Giap, rapidly climbing the career ladder in the army and propaganda division of the Viet Minh. Their privileged positions were threatened at the time of the arrival of Chinese advisers in 1950-51 and the concomitant change of the nationalist movement into an openly communist one. Subsequently they returned to Europe ; those who settled in the GDR got into serious political difficulties and fled finally into the FRG.
Des Austronésiens en Asie-Pacifique. Continuités et ruptures sur le chemin des migrations anciennes
Authors: Forestier Hubert , Guillaud Dominique
Published: June 2011

Après un rappel des migrations qui ont conduit les locuteurs des langues austronésiennes depuis le centre-sud de la Chine jusqu'aux confins orientaux de la Polynésie, cet article passe en revue, à partir de différents exemples archéologiques ou subactuels présents sur cet immense trajet, différents "marqueurs" des sociétés concernées. Les techniques (céramique et outillage lithique), les choix de productions et enfin les formes d'agrégation sociale permettent de discerner les grandes ruptures et continuités culturelles qui ont affecté les groupes de migrants. L'importante différenciation qui caractérise ces derniers est pour partie à mettre au compte de la nature "écologique" de ces sociétés, promptes à fusionner avec les milieux insulaires diversifiés qu'elles ont rencontrés, mais aussi à un fonctionnement spécifique associant une forte différenciation locale et une omniprésence des réseaux, l'enracinement et le maintien des possibilités de départ. Hors du champ linguistique qui est généralement le principal mobilisé pour l'analyse des migrations dans les archipels de l'Asie du Sud-Est et du Pacifique, l'article permet ainsi, indirectement, de questionner la pertinence d'une désignation des Austronesiens en tant que "groupe" et livre quelques indices pour la compréhension des évolutions divergentes entre Asie et Océanie.
Anthropology and the Buddhological Imagination: Reconstructing the Invisible Life of Texts
Authors: Rozenberg Guillaume
Published: June 2011

This paper aims to explore how anthropology may most effectively contribute to the art of buddhological imagination. It especially emphasizes that the commonly envisaged contribution of anthropology to Buddhist studies requires, in order to be fully productive, an absolute reversal of approach to the study of Buddhism. At the same time, it also notes a rift dividing scholars working on Buddhism, irrespective of disciplinary constituencies and reference materials employed, as a result of their representation of Buddhism.
Ni livres ni gazettes : traduction et représentation de l'événement français dans les occasionnels anglais (1588-1590 et 1617)
Authors: Pittion Jean-Paul
Published: June 2011

During the Elizabethan and Jacobean period, public opinion in England was kept informed of the political situation in France, by pamphlets originally published in France and translated into English. Not as regular as newsletters, nor as substantial as books, these occasional pamphlets nevertheless answered a growing need for news from abroad. The article examines the nature of these pamphlets and the role played by the translators and publishers in shaping English views of French politics. Two periods of publication are analysed and compared, centered around famous political murders: the murder of the Guise brothers, followed by the assassination of Henri III (1588-1589) and the assassination of Concini in 1617. Though chosen to respond to public demand, the pamphlets are shown to amount also to a form of surreptitious propaganda.
Aphra Behn, écrivain professionnel : du plagiat aux droits d'auteur
Authors: Dhuicq Bernard
Published: June 2011

Apha Behn, as the first woman to make a living with her pen, was a forerunner in the field of intellectual property as in many others. A selection of her early works stresses the point in their contents: Prologues and Prefaces as well as in their forms, that is, published books viewed as products - The Forc'd Marriage (1671), The Amorous Prince (1671), The Dutch Lover (1673), The Rover (Part I) (1677) and Sir Patient Fancy (1678). Starting with a plea against likely attacks for venturing into territories reserved to men, Aphra Behn fended off charges of plagiarism and voiced repeatedly her claims to economic independence; paratextuality, (titles on front pages), reveals she was gradually recognized as an Authour. Unwittingly, she was thus paving the way toward copyrights and authorship well before the enactment of The Statute of Ann in 1710 and other cases, namely, Pope vs Curll (1741).
L'éducation et le Livre : controverses religieuses en Ecosse au XVIIIe
Authors: Prunier Clotilde
Published: June 2011

While for Roman Catholics, the Bible was but one of the foundations of faith, it was the Protestants' "only safe guide." This essential disctinction made for different approaches to literacy which, in turn, induced Presbyterians to regard ignorance as the sine qua non for the survival of the Roman Catholic Church in Scotland. Therefore they deemed the schooling of all Scottish children the most efficient weapon in order to annihilate the Church of Rome. In the eighteenth century, Scotland was extolled for her achievements in the field of education. However, it was clear that the system devised by the Reformers had let the Highlands down and it was considered as no coincidence that there remained a number of Catholic strongholds in this region. Charity schools were established with a view to getting rid of both evils but as the years wore on, the growing lukewarmness of the Presbyterians' zeal had far-reaching consequences on their attitudes to education as they seemed to have forsaken the inheritance passed down from the sixteenth-century Reformers.
Tossing "the Book" Out With the Bath Water : Republican Sentiment in The Contrast (1787) by Royall Tyler
Authors: Bak John Stephen
Published: June 2011

Though having achieved political independence, America at the end of the XVIIIth century found itself still culturally dependent on Britain, perhaps no where more visible than in its theatre, where American plays had to conform to contradictory principles: be American in content but British in form. Tyler resolves this political/aesthetic dilemma by refashioning the British sentimental play, most singularly Sheridan's The School for Scandal. Only by infusing his play with Georgian sentimentalism (imported from England via its popular contemporary books and novels), which is celebrated in the end, could Tyler appease his audience's aesthetic expectations. Yet, to a loyal American, British books were British culture, and to uphold their sentimentalism was to bow to British cultural standards. Therefore, to appease his audience's political chauvinism as well, Tyler blends the sentimentalism underwritten in these books with nascent American ideals, forming a republican sentiment that borrowed from England its ideals of optimism, gratitude, and fidelity but spoke of them in a voice uniquely American. In so doing, Tyler finally suggests, we need not toss "the book" out with the sentimental British "bath water."
John Dunton (libraire et auteur, 1659-1733) ou la versatilité
Authors: Duval Gilles
Published: June 2011

John Dunton is worthy of careful study both for his personality and his experiments as an author and a bookseller in a market that was no longer ruled by patrons but by the public. Though an eccentric, the whimsical founder of the Athenian Mercury typified the major trends of a time that innovated on all fronts, not only in fiction and periodicals but in the book trade as a whole. In his peculiar way he paved the way for many later developments.
Lasciva Philomela : beauté, wit et sexe dans l'esthétique addisonienne
Authors: Bony Alain
Published: June 2011

Through an analysis of a few apparently innocuous passages of Addison's letters, and of his discussions of fashion, the masquerade, and wit, this essay shows that Addison's use of the clothes metaphor in fact betrays suppressed anxieties about the female body. It reevalutates Addison's notion of Beauty, which he implicitly associates with sexual desire decades before Hogarth and Burke. In particular, Addison's strategy of violent denial, his paradoxical use of certain metaphors and his taste for ambivalent Latin quotations seem to trick him into revealing more than he probably wishes, in a sort of devious revenge of the false wit of words revealing the (naked) truth at the expense of intended meaning.
The Visitor, the Inspectress, Selima, Obadiah et Tristram, ou comment s'anime le Public Ledger en 1760-1761
Authors: Bandry-Scubbi Anne
Published: June 2011

In the spring of 1 760, the newly established Public Ledger underscored the commercial focus of its preliminary address through an interplay between fictional correspondents, of which Goldsmith's Chinese philosopher was only one. The contemporaneous vogue for Tristram Shandy was reflected in the paper: Sterne's hero appeared eight times and was incorporated into the "Visitor" series as a symbol of the trivial world with which the ideal reader of the Ledger, a serious merchant, should have only commercial contacts. When the fashion for Sterne abated, the same themes were taken up in other series, such as the "Inspectress" in 1761.
Addison et Steele : éthique, esthétique et sentiment dans The Spectator
Authors: Morère Pierre
Published: June 2011

The didactic intention in The Spectator papers is the reformation of manners conveyed through satirical portraits. For Addison and Steele, London is a stage where actors strut around and waste away their time in vain pursuits. What is most striking in the essays is certainly the denunciation of artifice, but the writers do not criticize merely for the sake of criticizing. Through the negative aspects of the London scene, positive perspectives are constantly suggested. The reformation of manners goes along with the restoration of man's genuine nature in a truly refined social environment. The virtues of benevolence, mutual understanding and polite intercourse among individuals must be cultivated. Such principles inspired by Christian morality lead Addison and Steele to lay the foundations of new aesthetic standards. As representatives of the Moderns versus the Ancients, they tend to reject all forms of dogmatism and to favour the supremacy of sensibility and common sense particularly in the series of essays devoted to the pleasures of imagination. Some lyrical passages dealing with the notion of grandeur foreshadow Burke's definition of the sublime and the romantic immersion in the world of emotion. Although Addison and Steele appear as precursors of the sentimental wave, they nonetheless remain beacons of the early English Enlightenment epitomized by the new concept of sentiment which combines sensibility with common sense and moderation.
A Trip to Scarborough or, How "to Undergo a Bungling Reformation"
Authors: Velissariou Aspasia
Published: June 2011

A Trip to Scarborough (1777), Sheridan's adaptation of Sir John Vanbrugh's The Relapse (1696), is marked by a number of textual strategies that silence Vanbrugh's radical insight into the dynamics of desire that erodes the monogamous ethics of marriage. Sheridan depoliticises the original by turning marital crisis in the face of illicit desire, that Vanbrugh perceives as endemic to marriage as an institution, into emotional conflict due to individual error. As such, the conflict that the play dramatises is resolved insofar as Sheridan sees marital relationships as strictly belonging in the personal; hence the closure in which the husband is reformed by his virtuous wife and the durability of the marital bond arises as a certainty. In this sense, A Trip to Scarborough inscribes the late eighteenth-century emerging notions of companionate marriage and domestic happiness, mediated by the novel and reinforced by sentimentalist ideologies of human reformability. In tune with these ideologies that privilege the personal and the private over the political and the public, A Trip to Scarborough masks the politics of power that marriage incorporates and reproduces.
"In thyself, thyself art made away": différend/t et discontinuité de "soi" dans Antony and Cleopatra
Authors: Dupas Jean-Claude
Published: June 2011

This paper addresses issues related to the (dis)continuity of the self in Antony and Cleopatra. It argues that some of the contradictions and cruces inherent to the structure of the play can (and indeed should) be related to Antony's "absence" ("emptiness" in the terms of the play) as he never views himself independently from what he has been, to the point of not being able to tell who/what he is. In the discussion references are made to Paul Ricœur's analyses on identity as idem and/or ipse, supplemented by reflections suggested by the works of Emmanuel Levinas.
L'architecture, le paysage et la naissance du pittoresque : le rôle de Vanbrugh
Authors: Baridon Michel
Published: June 2011

This study analyzes the relation of architecture to the garden in the baroque period and in the early phases of the picturesque movement. It shows that, in the XVIIth century, the extensive apprehension of the landscape by painters such as Poussin, Claude and Ruysdael worked against the axial construction of space imposed on the garden designers by the architects. It also shows how Vanbrugh made the "painterly," i.e. picturesque, responsiveness to the landscape one of the claims of the "moderns" in their struggle against the "ancients." By so doing, he reversed the relation which had made the garden subservient to the house. Not only did he landscape the garden but he landscaped the house too.
Lecture d'un jardin anglais : Stowe (Buckinghamshire)
Authors: Halimi Suzy
Published: June 2011

The garden of Stowe can be "read" at three different levels. As a book reflecting contemporary debates on aesthetics, it shows the evolution of taste from geometrical shapes and a domesticated nature influenced by foreign art - Italian, Dutch and French styles - to a more natural landscape, more congenial to the English love for liberty. Such were the remarkable achievements of Bridgeman, William Kent, and Lancelot Brown.

Stowe also reads as a book of emblems, a political satire and a moral creed, an echo of Lord Cobham's conflicts with the government of Walpole. Compared with the beautiful temples dedicated to Ancient Virtue and to the British Worthies, Modern Vitue is a mere ruin. The whig ideal of liberty and the cult of Saxon ancestors are everywhere written in the stones of Stowe. Such is the message of this "incredibly learned and witty garden" (John Dixon Hunt) to the privileged elite possessing the keys to that emblematic language.

But visitors to Stowe can also enjoy a solitary walk in the alleys and groves, along the brooks and lakes, their senses delighted by the sights, smells and sounds of the place, their imagination full of reminiscences of pictures and poems which have also inspired the creators of that "fair paradise" (James Thomson): a perfect illustration of the harmonious interaction of the Sister Arts, so highly praised by Ancients and Moderns alike.
Les impressions successives : jardins, musique et temporalité dans The Elements of Criticism de Henry Home, Lord Kames
Authors: Dubois Pierre
Published: June 2011

In The Elements of Criticism (1761), Lord Kames explains that the fine arts go 'hand in hand' and that the same standards are used in all of them. Though he does not specifically compare music with the art of gardening, one may logically expect his theory of gardening to be related to his conception of music. This article suggests that it may indeed have been the former which served as a model for the latter and that landscape gardening was used at the time as a kind of general metaphor to conceptualize the arts and assess artistic merit. Rejecting the geometrical structure of the formal garden, Kames insists on the importance of variety resulting from the succession of different impressions in time. He advocates natural simplicity and therefore criticizes the excess of ornaments in the opera. Finally, we suggest that, while the digressive acquired primary critical importance in the aesthetic theory of the period, music failed to live up to the model of freedom expressed by landscape gardening, and that the theory of the sublime grafted upon Handel's music may have been partly to blame for it.
Jean Siméon Chardin et la peinture des idées britanniques
Authors: Chézaud Patrick
Published: June 2011

Jean-Siméon Chardin in his still lifes displays a technical mastery and conjures up a kind of representative magic which critics and art-lovers have never ceased to admire. This article proposes to envisage the painter's technique as the outcome of a certain set of epistemological ideas belonging to the current named sensualism, as a sort of application of the new philosophical vision of the world defended by John Locke and his followers.

Chardin was no thinker but he received influences from the prevailing ideas of his time which inclined him, together with a painter's practise inherited from centuries of experimenting on the perception of colour and form, to apply to the representation of the real and atomistic rendering which is opposed to the former minutely mimetic approach of the XVIIth century.

By his highly epistemological technique, the French master brought together in a unique way and for a short-lived period the philosophy of the enlightenment and the craftsman's experience of painting. This peculiar trait makes him appear as the painter of the British vision of the world
Recréation picturale d'une récréation musicale : le tableau de la famille Sharp par Zoffany
Authors: Deconinck-Brossard Françoise
Published: June 2011

The portrait of the Sharp family by Zoffany raises several questions about the visual representation of sound. The elaborate composition focuses on a keyboard instrument that is difficult to identify, though it is probably a harpsichord to which a process of foreshortening has been applied. Such a design suggests that the painting highlights the social function of music rather than accurate depiction of musical practice. Similarly, it is almost impossible to find a repertoire for the orchestra represented here. Like many conversation pieces, the painting actually makes a statement about an affluent family that could afford to entertain aristocratic audiences with semi-public water parties performed on expensive musical instruments.
Utopies paysagères : les sublimes "Progrès" de William Beckford (1760-1844)
Authors: Châtel Laurent
Published: June 2011

It seemed apt to reflect on the various meanings of progress as one reached the last moments of the XXth century. In eighteenth-century British mentalités progress was a central notion since it pervaded most discourses, whether they were social, philosophical, economic or aesthetic ones. It was linked to the controversy on luxury and the decline of civilisations; Pope and Johnson, to name canonical figures, expressed their fear of progress and the need to contain enthusiasm, hope and movement. Theirs is principally an allegorical reading of progress, which plays down its spatial qualities in order to put forward a moral discourse against corruption. However, at the end of the eighteenth century one detects a tendency to rebel and react against such a moralisation of progress. William Blake and William Beckford, unduly cast aside as minor figures before 1900, constitute the most celebrated reactions. This article purports to show that in his fables and gardens, Beckford tried to subvert the orthodox significance of progress so as to reestablish its spatial - both dynamic and aesthetic- qualities. It is well worth remembering that in his Dictionary Johnson had distinguished movement onward from movement forward, that is to say, in modern terms, a "course" and an "improvement." This article is divided into three parts; a presentation of Beckford's perception of progress comes first, with an examination of his religion and politics. As a slave owner and inheritor of one of the country's largest fortunes, Beckford is a telling case in point when it comes to assessing the perception of luxury in late Georgian Britain. In the absence of any militant manifesto on Beckford's part, it is to his prose that one must then turn to see illustrations and definitions of progress. Having seen the subversion at work, and appreciated how perverse Beckford's "courses" literally are, one finally comes to the staging of his landscape gardens. Not only does it soon become clear that Fonthill does not deserve the often-begotten label of Picturesque, but the relevance of the Sublime to understand the progression of the architecture, the walks and rides throughout the estate is manifest. Landscaping Utopias, on paper and on land, was not the amateurish hobby of a dilettante; it was Beckford's only means to compensate for a "career" his family had planned and overseen inordinately - a means to subvert the natural course of events and the historical progress of society, if only in imagination.
Fécondité et limites de la réception du platonisme en Angleterre au XVIIe siècle: le cas des platoniciens de Cambridge
Authors: Breteau Jean-Louis
Published: June 2011

Even if in seventeenth-century England empiricism was the main current of thought, Platonism also played a significant part. In the thirties, elaborating at least partly upon the Florentine revival of the quattrocento, Thomas Jackson challenged the Aristotelian views still prevailing at Oxford. Outside academic circles, Lord Herbert of Cherbury was also a vocal critic of scholasticism and somehow prepared the way for the acceptance of the Cartesian doctrine by English thinkers. However, Platonism mostly flourished at Cambridge among a group of men who, after discarding the Calvinist principles on which they had been nurtured, developed a rational theology relying heavily on Platonist or Plotinian ideas. By the mid-century, Benjamin Whichcote bore the brunt of the Calvinist assault, as his former tutor, Antony Tuckney, reproached him for deviating from the orthodox path. The philosophers of the group were Ralph Cudworth and Henry More who endeavoured to find in Platonism an adequate answer to Hobbesian determinism and materialism. Capitalizing upon the Platonist and neo- Platonist texts, which they were thoroughly familiar with, they developed a kind of metaphysics, epistemology and ethics which, in their view, harmoniously combined the best of the Platonic tradition with basic Christian tenets.
Les simulacres de la liberté ? : le rôle du tacitisme dans les débats politiques de la fin du XVIIIe siècle (1696-1699)
Authors: Levillain Charles-Edouard
Published: June 2011

The purpose of this essay is to look at the influence of Tacitism on the political debates of the late 1690s (1696-1699). Far from receding after the 1650s, the use of Tacitus's historical works played a decisive role in the way some Englishmen perceived the shifts of William III's career and the nature of the regime born out of the Glorious Revolution settlement.
Entre subversion et nostalgie: l'intertextualité grecque et latine dans The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon de Henry Fielding
Authors: Bernard Nathalie
Published: June 2011

Fielding's last work, The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon (1755), claims to be a faithful and accurate report of the author's own travels to Portugal and to have broken free from the extravagant tales traditionally found in fictional travel narratives such as the Odyssey. As always in the context of Fielding's writings, the classical intertexts from the Greek and Latin literatures reinforce the authority of the writer over his readers, as they show off his superior knowledge and great erudition. Yet in the Journal, Fielding undertakes to demythologize those classical texts by translating the supernatural events which they contain into realistic terms, the epic style being used only for the depiction of ordinary or inferior facts and people. Yet, however subversive it may be in its treatment of Greek and Latin intertexts, The Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon is perhaps not totally devoid of nostalgia for the supernatural and the marvellous.
La nation et le poète: modèle politique et modèle poétique augustéens dans l'œuvre de James Thomson
Authors: Carboni Pierre
Published: June 2011

Poète écossais de la première partie du dix-huitième siècle, James Thomson appartient à la première génération postérieure à la création de la nouvelle entité politique "britannique" en 1707. L'ensemble de son œuvre révèle une idéologie whig patriote et unioniste à travers nombre de figurations allégoriques ou d'analogies historiques empruntée à l'antiquité grecque et surtout latine. Cette œuvre propagandiste, qui paraît en tout point conforme aux canons du néo-augustanisme anglais, présente cependant des caractéristiques "écossaises" qui méritent d'être étudiées. Outre l'emploi de nombreux latinismes, l'analogie Rome-Britannia permet à Thomson de développer une mythologie intégrationniste et de souligner le lien dynamique et vital qui relie le centre (Augusta) et la périphérie (Caledonia). Mais ces figures métaphoriques de l'inclusion et de la distance ne se cantonnent pas au domaine politique au sens strict. Thomson utilise en effet certaines caractéristiques majeures du mode augustéen pour définir le statut de la persona poétique au sein de la collectivité politique et sociale. Figure marginale de l'ombre et de la retraite, le locuteur poétique thomsonien célèbre néanmoins les vertus du bon gouvernement et de l'activité économique. Tout en s'identifiant au musicien rustique, cette voix marginale et infériorisée affiche cependant l'ambition virgilienne de devenir oracle. Le modèle politique augustéen et le mythe poétique sont donc étroitement liés. Leur étude conjointe peut contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des ambiguïtés de l'identité politique et poétique d'un Écossais des lumières.
Seventeenth-Century Readers: Shakespeare Becomes a Classic
Authors: Bate Jonathan
Published: June 2011

La traduction des classiques à la Renaissance et l'intérêt que marqua la période pour les Métamorphoses d'Ovide sont deux des marqueurs d'une "esthétique de l'hermaphrodisme," reposant sur la fusion, la métamorphose et l'hybridation des corps comme des écritures. L'histoire de Salmacis et Hermaphrodite, d'Ovide à Shakespeare puis à Beaumont, est un exemple de ces transformations. Elles n'excluent cependant pas la continuité, comme le montrent les annotations en marge d'un exemplaire du Folio de 1623, qui révèlent un Shakespeare lu à la lumière de l'humanisme classique.
Readjusting Audience Perspective: The Aumerle Scenes in Richard II
Authors: Lisak Catherine
Published: June 2011

This paper proposes a case study of the way the Aumerle scenes in King Richard II (act 5, sc. 2 and 3), handle the audience's reception to both subject and characters. The reception of these scenes has been controversial and passionate. The main focus of the paper rests on the reception that criticism has voiced concerning the Duke and Duchess of York. By studying both their separate characterisations, and their interactive roles, it is argued that the play was reworking a certain type of character encountered in comedies, the blocking but ultimately ineffective father figure, as found in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream in the role of Egeus, and in the comedies of Plautus or Terence before him, with the effect that his plays readjusted the audience's perspective: such scenes rehabilitated the subjective self by inciting it to prevail over the political subject.
Être et savoir dans Some Thoughts Concerning Education de John Locke (1693)
Authors: Roux Louis
Published: June 2011

This paper addresses the ethics vs. epistemology issue in STCE. It posits the hypothesis that the priority of ethics does not preclude the concept of the unity of the subject as person. Locke's text is part of the Protestant heritage of reflection, rationality and responsibility, learning being instrumental and subservient to higher goals of sociability. This English text is part of the legacy of Europe.
Don, échange, argent
Authors: Albert Jean-Pierre
Published: June 2011

Résumé Contre les habituelles apologies du don et de ses vertus socialisantes, on souligne ici, en repartant de l’ Essai sur le don de Marcel Mauss, qu’il a aussi des effets plus problématiques : il peut humilier celui qui n’est pas en état de rendre et créer ainsi des hiérarchies sociales. On s’interroge également sur les conditions de l’acceptabilité de la formule don-contre-don en envisageant des manières possibles de la refuser sans perdre la face.
Un enfant, à quel prix ?
Authors: Jordana Huguette
Published: June 2011

Résumé La gratuité du don et l’anonymat sont les deux valeurs éthiques qui encadrent, en France, tout don de produits humains. Dans le domaine de l’aide médicale à la procréation, ces valeurs fondatrices des cecos ont un impact psychique et social sur l’accès à la parentalité. Quelle est la place du don et de la dette dans la filiation ? Comment peut-on contester l’anonymat pour le don de gamètes sans s’interroger sur l’effet de sa gratuité ?
L'argent public
Authors: Condat Francis
Published: June 2011

Résumé L’argent public est virtuel pour les citoyens comme pour les élus. Son existence est perçue du fait des impôts qu’il exige et des réalisations qu’il permet. Le lien entre ces deux aspects est difficile à établir car les origines des fonds publics sont complexes, de même que le financement des réalisations. Comment en faire prendre conscience aux citoyens pour leur donner, peut-être via la démocratie participative, le moyen d’agir sur leur propre vie ?
Les travailleurs sociaux et l'argent de la redistribution
Authors: Bouyssière-Catusse Éliane
Published: June 2011

Résumé C’est à partir d’entretiens avec des travailleurs sociaux que sont abordés le rapport à l’argent et le type de relation qui s’instaurent entre celui qui donne et celui qui reçoit. Des regards posés sur la pauvreté à l’évolution des critères d’attribution des aides financières, cet argent « de la redistribution » interroge la relation de pouvoir. Le travailleur social doit pouvoir s’appuyer sur une décision collective, dans un cadre institutionnel clair, en définissant un projet et des objectifs pour éviter les dérives.
Création d'un garage associatif sur les quartiers du grand Mirail à Toulouse
Authors: Lefebvre Madeleine
Published: June 2011

Résumé Cet article présente un projet de garage associatif qui s’adresse aux habitants de quartiers populaires à Toulouse. Il s’agit de donner aux usagers la possibilité de participer à l’entretien et aux réparations de leur véhicule à un prix raisonnable. L’enjeu étant aussi de créer une dynamique d’échange et de lien social. Le fonctionnement du projet depuis un an témoigne de l’intérêt et du succès que suscite cette initiative.
L'école et l'argent
Authors: Cassan Claudine
Published: June 2011

Résumé « Les projets coopératifs doivent permettre la participation effective de tous les élèves à chaque étape de leur réalisation. La gestion financière ne représente pas le seul objectif éducatif des projets éducatifs. Elle constitue cependant un élément important de l’apprentissage de la vie associative et économique et de la formation de citoyens responsables » (extrait de la circulaire en n° 31 du 31 juillet 2008).
La distribution au détail du médicament au sein de l'Union Européenne : un croisement entre santé et commerce
Authors: Debarge Olivier
Published: June 2011

Du fait d’un statut hybride alliant commerce et santé, l’exercice de la profession pharmaceutique en Europe est situé à un croisement. Trois enjeux polarisent l’attention : l’ouverture du capital des officines, le maintien des monopoles pharmaceutique et officinal, et l’application de critères de répartition des officines. Les États membres, compétents au regard du principe de subsidiarité, ont développé des législations disparates se basant soit sur un modèle dérégulé qui favorise une finalité économique, soit sur un modèle qui implique une réglementation restrictive induisant une différenciation entre l’activité officinale et les autres professions, soit enfin sur un modèle mixte. Défavorable aux deux derniers modèles, la Commission européenne a engagé de nombreuses actions basées sur l’article 258 TFUE pour violation des libertés d’établissement et de circulation des capitaux. L’évolution des règles relatives à l’exploitation des pharmacies d’officine fait donc l’objet d’incertitudes croissantes exprimées par les États et les ordres professionnels. Saisie de plusieurs litiges, la CJUE devait déterminer dans quelle mesure les États, qui ont l’obligation de respecter les libertés communautaires, peuvent y déroger pour protéger l’intérêt général. La Cour s’est prononcée en réalisant une application logique du traité favorisant la santé publique au détriment d’une concurrence absolue.
J. L. Moreno (1889-1974)
Authors: Ancelin Schützenberger Anne
Published: June 2011

Résumé En s’appuyant sur des éléments biographiques inconnus du grand public, l’auteur revisite la vie et l’œuvre de Jacob Levy Moreno, fondateur du psychodrame et un des pionniers de la psychothérapie de groupe. Elle se montre particulièrement attentive à la personnalité bouillonnante et au cheminement intellectuel qui a toujours été très lié aux diverses pérégrinations de cet homme qui savait tirer de chaque rencontre, le meilleur.
Des jeux d'un instant pour un passé persistant
Authors: Héry Philippe
Published: June 2011

Résumé Après avoir présenté le dispositif et les règles qui encadrent le psychodrame psychanalytique de groupe, cet article retrace plusieurs séquences cliniques issues d’une même session de psychodrame. Ce détour par la clinique se propose d’illustrer ce qui fait la spécificité de ce type de psychodrame : en particulier comment ce type de travail permet de faire émerger et d’analyser progressivement, en les resituant toujours dans leurs différentes dimensions transférentielles, les contenus et les processus intersubjectifs et intrapsychiques inconscients qui se trouvent mobilisés dans un tel dispositif groupal. On aperçoit comment s’y entrecroise le présent des liens se tissant dans l’horizontalité du groupe avec le passé propre à chaque sujet considéré dans la verticalité de son histoire, et comment cette concordance des temps s’y conjugue à la fois au singulier et à la fois au pluriel.
The Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy: Implications for Educating Nurses
Authors: Su Whei Ming , Osisek Paul J.
Published: June 2011

One of the essential goals for continuing education in nursing is to enhance nurses’ ability to improve patient care outcomes. Toward this goal, learners need to transfer learned knowledge to actual practice. Achieving effective transfer requires knowledge of thinking paradigms in relation to specific subject content. Educators can facilitate knowledge transfer by developing instructional designs that incorporate subject content and cognitive processes related to the use of the subject content. However, it is difficult to develop such instructional designs. The Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy provides a framework for meeting this educational need. In this article, the authors establish the relevance of the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy to continuing education and describe how to use the taxonomy to plan an educational session with an emphasis on promoting knowledge transfer.
Reflexión sobre los conflictos étnicos y el desarrollo en el África Subsahariana
Authors: Almeida García Fernando
Published: June 2011

Este artículo realiza una reflexión sobre el fracaso del África negra en su proceso de desarrollo y el papel que juegan el mismo los conflictos étnicos. Éstos enmascaran toda una serie de enfrentamientos de tipo social, político y económico, que tienen un detonante étnico, pero que son una simplificación de la realidad. Los dos factores principales que han incidido en este fallo general son la degradación de la estructura económica y el hundimiento de las instituciones políticas, incluyendo a las élites dirigentes.

[fr] Cet article s’interroge sur l’échec de l’Afrique noire dans son processus de développement et le rôle joué par les conflites ethniques. Ils masquent une série de confrontations entre les partenaires sociaux, politiques et économiques, qu ont un déclencheur ethniques, mais ils sont une simplification de la réalité. Les deux principaux facteurs qu ont influé sur cette décision sont la dégradation de la structure économique et l’effondrement des institutions politiques, y compris les élites dirigeantes.
Recursos territoriales y procesos geográficos: el ejemplo de los recursos turísticos
Authors: Barrado Timón Diego A.
Published: June 2011

El concepto de recurso, de larga tradición geográfica y esencial para entender las relaciones sociedad-medio, ha ido perdiendo presencia a la hora de explicar los procesos de funcionalización, ocupación y transformación del territorio. Se trata aquí de resaltar su potencialidad explicativa pero también su complejidad, y la necesidad de incluirlo en un marco más amplio que atienda también a los procesos culturales, sociales, económicos y tecnológicos, así como a los agentes intervinientes, sus intereses y sus capacidades. Aprovechando la existencia de una asignatura troncal de Geografía en la Diplomatura en Turismo que lleva por título Recursos territoriales turísticos, al final del texto se ejemplifican los planteamientos conceptuales con el caso de los recursos geográficos para el turismo.

[fr] Le concept de ressource, avec une longue tradition géographique et essentiel pour comprendre les relations société-milieu, a perdu importance au moment d’expliquer les processus de fonctionnalisation, occupation et transformation du territoire. Il s’agit ici de souligner sa potentialité explicative, mais aussi sa complexité et la nécessité de l’inclure dans un cadre plus vaste ce qui s’occupe aussi aux processus culturels, sociaux, économiques et technologiques, ainsi que des agents qui interviennent, ses intérêts et ses capacités. En profitant de l’existence d’une matière géographique dans la Diplomatura de Tourisme qui a pour titre Ressources territoriaux touristiques, à la fin du texte on exemplifie les approches conceptuelles avec le cas des ressources géographiques pour le tourisme.
Relaciones entre topografía del terreno y morfología de los edificios volcánicos basálticos monogénicos de Tenerife (Islas Canarias, España)
Authors: Dóniz Páez Javier
Published: June 2011

Este trabajo analiza las relaciones entre la topografía previa y la morfología de los volcanes basálticos monogénicos de Tenerife. Se establecen las correlaciones entre el emplazamiento topográfico y la apertura o no de los cráteres de los 39 volcanes anulares y de los 205 volcanes en herradura. Se observa que en ambos casos existen elevadas correlaciones del orden de 0,95. El 95% de los volcanes anulares están emplazados en áreas de topografía plana (< 10°), mientras que el 95% de los volcanes abiertos en herradura se ubican en áreas de topografía más accidentada. Tradicionalmente la topografía ha sido considerada como un factor secundario en la forma de los volcanes; sin embargo, según estos datos, es un factor clave que controla la morfología de los volcanes basálticos monogénicos.

[fr] Liens entre topographie et morphologie des volcans basaltiques monogéniques. Ce travail analyse les liens entre la topographie préalable et la morphologie des volcans basaltiques monogéniques de Tenerife. On peut établir des relations entre l’emplacement topographique et l’ouverture ou non des cratères des 39 volcans en forme d’anneau et des 205 en forme de fer à cheval. On peut observer qu’il existe dans les deux cas des corrélations élevées de l’ordre de 0,95. 95% des volcans en forme d’anneau sont situés dans des zones topographiques planes (< 10°), tandis que 95% des volcans ouverts en forme de fer à cheval se trouvent dans des zones topographiques plus accidentées. Traditionnellement, la topographie a été considérée un facteur secondaire dans la forme des volcans. Pourtant, selon ces données, il s’agit d’un facteur clé qui contrôle la morphologie des volcans basaltiques monogéniques.
La adopción de una innovación agraria en España: los orígenes del cultivo de la remolacha azucarera. Experiencias pioneras y su repercusión económica y territorial
Authors: Marrón Gaite María Jesús
Published: June 2011

En el presente artículo se investigan los inicios del proceso de adopción del cultivo de la remolacha azucarera en España, al ser introducida en nuestro país como innovación agraria a finales del siglo XIX. Un cultivo cuya adopción-difusión por el territorio nacional ha sido muy rápida desde sus orígenes y especialmente intensa a lo largo del tiempo, ocupando en la actualidad un papel claramente relevante en el panorama socioeconómico nacional, tanto por la superficie agraria que ocupa como por la riqueza que genera. Se analizan las dos experiencias pioneras llevadas a cabo en nuestro país, las cuales se realizaron de forma simultánea pero con independencia y desconocimiento la una de la otra y con enfoques socioeconómicos muy diferentes, en dos ámbitos espaciales muy próximos del agro andaluz: la vega de Granada y el regadío cordobés. Esta diferencia de enfoques condicionó decisivamente la influencia que cada una de ellas ejerció en los primeros momentos de la difusión del cultivo hacia otras zonas agrarias de nuestro país.

[fr] Cet article étudie les débuts du processus d’adoption de la culture de la betterave à sucre en Espagne, qui sera introduit dans notre pays et de l’innovation agricole dans la fin du XIXe siècle. Une culture dont l’adoption-diffusion à travers le territoire national a été très rapide depuis sa création et particulièrement intense au fil du temps, occuper un rôle aujourd’hui toute leur pertinence dans le paysage socio-économique national, tant par la surface agricole qu’il occupe comme richesses qu’elle engendre. Nous analysons les deux expériences pionnières menées dans notre pays, qui ont été menées simultanément, mais indépendamment et l’ignorance les uns des autres et très différentes des approches socio-économiques de deux espaces très proche de l’agro andalouse: la plaine de Cordoue Grenade et l’irrigation. Cette différence d’approche résolument conditionné l’influence exercée chaque dans les premiers stades de la propagation de l’agriculture à d’autres régions agricoles de notre pays.
Cambios históricos en el patrón del paisaje agrícola en un sistema de huerta tradicional de la provincia de Alicante: el caso de la Finca Lo Comptador
Authors: Martínez Pérez J. E. , Belda Antolí A. , Martín Cantarino C. , Seva Román E.
Published: June 2011

Este estudio de caso de un paisaje agrícola en un sistema de huerta tradicional de la provincia de Alicante fue llevado a cabo para desarrollar técnicas adecuadas de cuantificación y análisis del paisaje en el período 1883-2007. Los métodos utilizados se derivan del análisis de cambio en la estructura del paisaje, basado en antiguos mapas y fotografías aéreas, siendo adaptados a una escala detallada por medio de herramientas SIG. La base de datos creada para este análisis diacrónico es una pieza fundamental para obtener una clara visión de la evolución de los usos del suelo en el área de estudio. El principal objetivo de este estudio es poner de manifiesto que una aproximación a nivel de parcela, utilizando tecnologías SIG, proporciona valiosos resultados para planificar programas de conservación en paisajes agrícolas a escala local.

[fr] Cette étude de cas d’un paysage agricole dans un système de potager traditionnel de la province d’Alicante a été menée à bien pour développer des techniques adéquates de quantification et analyse du paysage dans la période 1883-2007. Les méthodes utilisées dérivent de l’analyse de changement dans la structure du paysage, basé sur d’anciennes cartes et photographies aériennes, en étant adaptées à une échelle détaillée au moyen d’outils SIG. La base de données créée pour cette analyse diachronique est une pièce fondamentale pour obtenir une vision claire de l’évolution des utilisations du sol dans le champ d’étude. Le principal objectif de cette étude est de mettre en évidence qu’une approximation au niveau de parcelle, en utilisant des technologies SIG, fournit de précieux résultats pour planifier des programmes de conservation dans des paysages agricoles à l’échelle locale.