RESPON TEMULAWAK (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) HASIL RIMPANG KULTUR JARINGAN GENERASI KEDUA TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN
Authors: HADIPOENTYANTI ENDANG , SYAHID SITTI FATIMAH 
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK<br />Penelitian mengenai respon temulawak hasil rimpang kultur<br />jaringan generasi kedua terhadap pemupukan telah dilaksanakan di lahan<br />petani Sumur Wangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Bogor dari bulan Oktober<br />2002 sampai bulan September 2003. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan<br />sebagai benih adalah rimpang induk temulawak hasil kultur jaringan<br />generasi kedua. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah : (1) tanpa pupuk (kontrol),<br />(2) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman, (3) pupuk kandang kambing 2<br />kg/tanaman, (4) pupuk kandang kambing 1 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan<br />yaitu urea 2 g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman dan,<br />(5) pupuk kandang kambing 2 kg/tanaman + pupuk buatan urea 2<br />g/tanaman, SP-36 1,8 g/tanaman dan KCL 2,7 g/tanaman. Rancangan yang<br />digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Setiap<br />ulangan terdiri atas sepuluh tanaman. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah<br />60 cm x 60 cm. Parameter yang diamati adalah persentase tumbuh, jumlah<br />anakan, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang dan lebar daun serta lingkar<br />batang pada umur empat bulan, bobot rimpang per tanaman, panjang, lebar<br />dan diameter rimpang, jumlah rimpang induk serta analisa mutu yang<br />meliputi kadar air, kadar minyak atsiri dan kurkumin pada umur<br />sembilan bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah anakan,<br />tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan panjang daun tidak dipengaruhi oleh<br />aplikasi pemupukan. Respon tanaman terhadap aplikasi pemupukan<br />berpengaruh terhadap parameter lebar daun dan lingkar batang.<br />Selanjutnya pemupukan berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat rimpang,<br />panjang rimpang, lebar rimpang serta jumlah rimpang induk namun<br />tidak berpengaruh terhadap diameter rimpang. Kandungan kurkumin<br />paling tinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan tanpa pemupukan.<br />Kata kunci : Temulawak,  Curcuma  xanthorrhiza,  kultur  jaringan,<br />pemupukan, pertumbuhan, produksi, mutu, Jawa Barat<br />ABSTRACT<br />Response of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to<br />fertilizer aplication<br />The experiment was conducted to study the response of temulawak<br />derived from rhizome in vitro of the second generation to fertilizer<br />application. It was carried out in a farmer field at Sumur Wangi, Bogor<br />from October 2002 to September 2003. Plant materials used were obtained<br />from in vitro rhizome of the second generation. Treatments tested were<br />five level of manure fertilizer and artificial fertilizer : (1) without fertilizer<br />(control), (2) stable manure 1 kg/plant, (3) stable manure 2 kg/plant, (4)<br />stable manure 1 kg/plant + artificial fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8<br />g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant and (5) stable manure 2 kg/plant + artificial<br />fertilizer i.e urea 2 g/plant, SP-36 1.8 g/plant and KCL 2.7 g/plant. The<br />experiment was designed using a randomized block design with three<br />replications, ten plants per replication. Plant spacing was 60 cm x 60 cm.<br />The parameters observed were growth percentage, number of tillers, plant<br />height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, stem coil at four<br />months of age, rhizome weight, length and width, rhizome diameter and<br />number of main rhizomes. In addition, quality analysis was also conducted<br />on water, essential, oil and curcumin content, nine months of age. Result<br />showed that fertilizer treatment did not significantly increase the number<br />of tillers, plant height, leaf number, rhizome length and diameter compared<br />with without fertilizer, but it significantly increased the leaf width, stem<br />coil, rhizome weight, length and width and also the number of main<br />rhizomes. The highest curcumin content was achieved by those without<br />fertilizer treatment.<br />Key words : Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, tissue culture, fertilizer<br />application, growth, yield, quality, West Java