bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical Legal and Social Implications of Genomics-Driven Drug Discovery
Authors: Ali Azamat
Published: December 2024

Genomics-driven drug discovery in precision medicine tailors treatments to individuals' genetic profiles, yet raises complex ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI). Concerns include patient privacy, consent, and genetic discrimination. Legal challenges involve intellectual property, data ownership, and regulatory frameworks. Socially, attitudes toward genetic testing and access to technology influence perception. Addressing these ELSI requires collaboration across stakeholders to establish robust governance systems ensuring individual rights, fair access, and trust in genomic research and healthcare. This chapter explores these implications and offers strategies for navigating ELSI in genomics-driven drug discovery.
Precision Medicine in View of Genomic Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Kohli Abhidha , Verma Sonia , Agarwal Neeraj , Kushwaha Aryan , Gupta Arpit , Kumar Ashwini
Published: December 2024

Precision Medicine encompasses decision making about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of a particular disease in a patient tailored based on the information derived from a patient's genetic profile, environment, and lifestyle. It is patient-specific based on their specific clinical and biological characteristics with minimum side effects. With advancements in DNA sequencing technology, this concept gained attention among scientists. The projects like Human Genome Project and International HapMap Project provided deep insight into human genomics and information about specific disease-associated gene variants. Moreover, pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have helped in understanding molecular basis of diseases and corresponding therapeutic strategy designed for individuals for a particular drug and the effect of multiple variations in genome on drug treatment, helping biomarker identification, influencing pathogen and drug effects on body, establishing the need for genomic biomarkers discovery for designing patient-specific treatment modalities for a specific disease.
The Strategic Transformation Journey of AlMaarefa University
Authors: Qhadi Amani M. , Abdelaal Reda M. S. , Al-Madi Ebtissam M
Published: December 2024

In an era marked by rapid technological advancements and dynamic educational shifts, AlMaarefa University (UM) stands out as an innovative institution with strategic foresight. Since its founding in 2009, UM has consistently articulated and updated its strategic objectives. Recently, the university has unveiled a comprehensive transformation plan spanning from 2022 to 2026, as presented in this chapter. Aligned with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals, this plan outlines UM's continuously forward-thinking evolution. It transitions from a strategic blueprint to a transformational mindset, solidifying UM's position as a leader in higher education. The chapter also highlights groundbreaking achievements two years into the plan, emphasizing UM's commitment to educational and research innovation. Additionally, it introduces a cutting-edge methodology for prioritizing strategic goals and executive projects, rooted in multi-criteria decision-making and project management principles.
Enhancing Student Satisfaction With Blended Learning Among Thai Higher Education Students
Authors: Siripipatthanakul Supaprawat , Limna Pongsakorn , Phuangsuwan Penpim , Siripipattanakul Sutithep
Published: December 2024

In the digital age of education, blended learning (BL) is vital and novel. The effectiveness of BL adoption depends on student happiness. This study examines student satisfaction with BL technology and how TAM model usefulness, ease of use, and learning motivation affect it. This quantitative study used convenience sampling to collect online survey questionnaires from 214 Thai higher students. Analysis and hypothesis testing were done using SPSS Version 27 and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Model (ADANCO Version 23). The results show that perceived ease of use greatly affects perceived usefulness and learning motivation. Student satisfaction is strongly influenced by usefulness. Additionally, learning motivation greatly affects student satisfaction. The implication could improve TAM model perceptions and learning motivation to explain BL. Sampling expansion is recommended. Qualitative studies like interviews and focus group discussions might provide insights for future research.
Enhancing Student Success in Higher Education Using Leadership Strategies
Authors: Ayyaswamy Kathirvel , Kathirvel Naren
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the instrumental role effective leadership plays in enhancing student success in higher education. As colleges and universities face mounting pressures to demonstrate outcomes around retention, progression, attainment, career readiness and more, leadership has become mission critical to driving systemic reforms that enable these student achievement aims. The chapter provides higher education administrators, teams and policymakers research-backed principles to translate leadership vision, strategy and capabilities into tangible initiatives and cultural change that help all students thrive.
Major Challenges in Knowledge Transfer and Research Excellence in Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Radi Sherihan
Published: December 2024

Higher education institutions aim at contributing to the society's development. For this reason, it is essential to overcome any challenges related to knowledge transfer and research excellence in these institutions. In order to understand the nature and consequences of these challenges, the study examined the impact of knowledge transfer in higher education institutions on society. At the same time, the moderating role of research excellence in higher education institutions between knowledge transfer and society was explored. The researcher conducted an online survey to achieve the research objectives. The study revealed that knowledge transfer in higher education institutions has a significant positive impact on society. It also found out that research excellence in higher education institutions moderates the relationship between knowledge transfer and society. Based on these findings, the research presented recommendations for improving knowledge transfer and promoting research excellence.
Smart Labs and Innovative Learning Initiatives
Authors: Matongo Morine , Goronga Pedzisai
Published: December 2024

This chapter seeks to explore an alternative approach that harmonises the concepts of smart cities, human capability upliftment, and sustainable development, using the case study of the Innovation Hub at the University of Zimbabwe and the Education 5.0 model as a lens. The concept of smart cities built around the ideals of sustainable, liveable and human-empowering city spaces is gaining global currency. From a rationalistic theoretical perspective of city mapping and geospatial allocation of urban spatiality for sustainable socio-economic development, it is envisioned that the construction of sustainable cities and innovative technological hubs would transform national economic grids and empower its citizens through smart solutions built on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's) leading to smart transport systems, smart e-commerce and smart entrepreunship initiatives. Although this perspective is promising and utopian in its character and conceptual construction, it hardly leads to empowered cities and equitable city spaces offering spatial justice.
Is It Worth It?
Authors: Klotz Ann Marie
Published: December 2024

In the 2024 Broadway Musical “Suffs” chronicling the fight for women's suffrage, the lead character asks repeatedly throughout the show “Is It Worth It?” referring to the constant battles, roadblocks, and gaslighting that comes from trying to lead such a cause. This song is referring to a time over 100 years ago, yet it could be the modern-day anthem for women pursuing the university presidency. The landscape of higher education has transformed dramatically. Black Lives Matter, a fiercely divisive political climate, and the Israel/Palestine campus protests have all impacted the role of presidency. For women leaders, the challenges have been played out publicly in the media. This role, once seen as the pinnacle of a career, is now dictated by special interests and can now end quickly with a public shaming and defamation of character. The Presidency was once the goal for many aspiring university leaders but given the changing landscape, one has to wonder “Is it worth it?”
Challenges and Opportunities Faced by Rural Women Enterprises in Africa
Authors: Mumbire Ronika
Published: December 2024

This chapter looks at the challenges and opportunities that rural women entrepreneurs in Africa face. It delves into the complexities faced by rural women entrepreneurs in Africa, exploring the intricate web of challenges they confront and the promising opportunities that lie ahead. The context showed that entrepreneurship for the women is beneficial to the countries' economies and Africa is one of the countries with many women entrepreneurs. Rural women entrepreneurs face some of the following challenges: patriarchy and cultural dynamics, unpaid care work, low levels of formal education, gender bias, limited access to finance, conflict, climate change and lack of networks. Although rural women face these challenges, they have opportunities like governments support, favorable research on women, cooperate support, personal growth and development. By shedding light on these issues, the chapter aims to provide insights, strategies, and recommendations to empower and support rural women entrepreneurs in overcoming barriers and achieving their entrepreneurial aspirations.
Leveraging the Impact of Work-Life Balance Among Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Manoharan Geetha , Ashtikar Sunitha Purushottam , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship has always been an aspirational pursuit for numerous women. Aspiring female entrepreneurs face various obstacles in their pursuit of a career, including the need to meet their requirements, achieve financial independence, take risks, cultivate leadership skills, and establish a healthier balance between their family and work life has been the emphasis of the current chapter. Work-life balance involves effectively juggling personal and professional responsibilities while handling various activities in both the home and work environments and society. The nation's remarkable economic expansion and advancement can be attributed to advancements in women's empowerment, alleviation of poverty, and a significant focus on the service and manufacturing industries. There is a commonly held belief that a nation's progress is contingent upon providing women with increased opportunity and autonomy to achieve success. The implementation of comprehensive initiatives aimed at promoting women's education and providing support for self-employment has led to significant achievements. The implementation of many reserves and financial aid programs has facilitated the greater participation of women in the economy, enabling them to become active contributors. Historically, women were primarily associated with the traditional position of a housewife, fulfilling responsibilities as a wife, mother, and daughter. However, over time, women chose to pursue employment for a range of reasons, with financial pressure being the most significant factor. The realization of the importance of women's education sparked within them a longing for acknowledgment and autonomy. Women are increasingly ubiquitous in nearly every profession, occupying roles as both employees and entrepreneurs. Some individuals are employed in the agricultural sector, while others work as casual labourers. Additionally, some people hold positions in office settings, and some are responsible for overseeing the management of such offices. Consequently, women who are striving to manage their responsibilities both at work and home must be vigilant about maintaining a state of equilibrium to ensure a balanced state in both domains. Work-life balance difficulties occur when there is a disturbance in this state of equilibrium.
Navigating Gender Dynamics in Women's Entrepreneurship
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian , Raghav Anjali
Published: December 2024

The trajectories of family and social dynamics significantly shape women's entrepreneurship in India, illuminating their pivotal role in perpetuating the gender gap in entrepreneurial activities. It examines how traditional family roles and societal norms intersect; often posing challenges for women entrepreneurs seeking to balance business pursuits and domestic responsibilities. Through the lens of socio-legal perspectives, this chapter evaluates the impact of government initiatives and legal frameworks on women's entrepreneurial agency. The familial and social milieu significantly shapes women's entrepreneurial aspirations and endeavors. Traditional family roles and societal expectations often intersect, creating intricate challenges for women seeking to navigate both business ventures and domestic responsibilities. This chapter envisions a more equitable entrepreneurial landscape by advocating for progressive changes informed by family dynamics, legal reforms, and technological advancements.
Empowering Educators Integrating Computational Thinking, AI, and STEM
Authors: Ali Rabea , Elkot Mohamed A.
Published: December 2024

The chapter “Empowering Educators: Integrating Computational Thinking, AI, and STEM” explores the comprehensive integration of computational thinking (CT), artificial intelligence (AI), and STEM education. It highlights their increasing importance and theoretical foundations, emphasizing roles in enhancing problem-solving, analytical reasoning, and creativity. The chapter guides curriculum development, pedagogical strategies, and technological resources, discussing benefits like improved engagement, critical thinking, and diversity in the classroom. It addresses challenges and suggests future trends, policies, and methods to overcome obstacles. The chapter urges stakeholders to adopt these advancements, promoting a more inclusive, dynamic, and forward-thinking learning environment to prepare students for future technological and societal challenges, ensuring they have the skills needed for success in an increasingly digital world.
Chatbots in Education
Authors: Alsayed Wael Omar , Al-Hafdi Fahad Saleem , Alhalafawy Waleed Salim
Published: December 2024

Chatbots are widely seen as a key aspect of the industrial revolution, having had a huge influence on education by enhancing its dynamism. Hence, the present chapter aims to provide a thorough perspective on the beneficial impacts of using chatbots in the field of education. It presents an overview of the origin and definition of chatbots, their significance, functions, attributes, educational applications, user interaction, different categories, and the development process of chatbots. The material provided in the current chapter is anticipated to enhance the worldwide knowledge of chatbots and their utilisation in the educational setting. Moreover, a prominent aspect of the present chapter is assisting decision-makers in acquiring a more profound comprehension of chatbots and utilising them in the field of education, since chatbots are anticipated to have a substantial influence on educational achievements.
PIBID EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA
Authors: Antunes Marina Ferreira de Souza , Lima Solange Rodovalho
Published: December 2024

O ano de 2020 foi marcado pela pandemia da Covid-19, que colocou todos os países em situação de alerta e emergência em termos de saúde pública. Segundo a Unesco, em função deste contexto pandêmico, vários países fecharam escolas, impactando 70% da população de estudantes. Esta suspensão foi também uma realidade das escolas de educação básica e trouxe grandes desafios à toda comunidade escolar. Os programas desenvolvidos nas instituições, entre os quais os de formação inicial e continuada como o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação à Docência (Pibid), foram afetados e tiveram que ser repensados visando a se adequarem à realidade que se impôs. Apresentamos uma pesquisa realizada no âmbito do subprojeto Pibid/Educação Física, cujo objetivo geral foi identificar, apresentar e analisar as possibilidades e os desafios durante o ensino remoto. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental, com análise dos documentos normativos sobre o ensino remoto, publicado pelas instituições participantes do subprojeto. o subprojeto cumpriu o propósito de propiciar aos/às bolsistas, em processo de formação inicial, bem como aos/às professores/as supervisores/as, em formação continuada, a possibilidade de pensar a educação física escolar a partir do preceito de que o que deve orientar a prática pedagógica desse componente curricular é a cultura.
O MOVIMENTO DE APRENDIZAGEM DOCENTE NO CONTEXTO DO ENSINO REMOTO
Authors: Lazaretti Lucinéia Maria , Santos Luara Alexandre dos
Published: December 2024

O PIBID é um programa voltado para a formação de professores e tem se tornado referência para o processo de instrumentalização teórico-prática. No entanto, na conjuntura recente vivida pela humanidade diante da pandemia de Covid-19, as ações desse programa sofreram alterações e isso impôs alguns limites nesse processo formativo e, ao mesmo tempo, revelou possibilidades no movimento de aprendizagem docente. Assim, é objetivo deste artigo, investigar, a partir das reflexões dos portfólios produzidos pelas acadêmicas do curso de Pedagogia, no PIBID, no período de 2020 a 2021, o movimento da aprendizagem na formação inicial para docência. A metodologia foi análise documental, a partir de três portfólios, como fonte e objeto de análise. Os resultados foram organizados em duas categorias: 1) Os desafios e as possibilidades do PIBID no contexto do ensino remoto; e 2) A formação inicial para a docência: contribuições do PIBID. Diante dos dados apresentados, consideramos que as acadêmicas revelaram um movimento de constituição da identidade profissional e o PIBID materializa uma possibilidade de formação sólida, que, mesmo no ensino remoto, se articulou com possibilidades educativas na escola em relação às reflexões teóricas sobre a prática pedagógica.
O ENSINO SOBRE ÁGUAS SUBTERRÂNEAS POR MEIO VIVÊNCIAS EM “OFICINA DE AQUÍFEROS” NO PIBID-GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Silva Helena Paula de Barros , Ribeiro Mirtes Cabral , Silva Gabriela Lima da
Published: December 2024

As práticas educativas são constituintes da formação curricular que possibilitam o processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos educandos. Além disso, pensar nessas práticas em um período de pandemia da Covid-19 é visto como um desafio, isto pois, refere-se a um momento em que os estudantes da escola básica passaram quase dois anos com aulas totalmente remotas e logo após um período com aulas híbridas, com o uso de máscaras de proteção e o distanciamento social. Ao que confere os conteúdos problematizados na oficina, as águas subterrâneas são caracterizadas por ser toda água que infiltra no subsolo e ocorre sob superfície de Terra, através dessas águas pode haver a formação de aquíferos, que são caracterizados como um grande reservatório de água, diante disso, enfatiza-se que essa temática é de estrema relevância dentro do Ensino de Geografia na subárea de Hidrogeografia. Sendo assim, a abordagem desse tema no Programa do PIBID, ocorreu através da construção e implementação de uma oficina, valendo salientar que a implementação ocorreu de forma presencial com todas as medidas de segurança. Outrossim, o artigo busca apresentar as práticas educativas que foram desenvolvidas durante o período de pandemia da Covid-19 no Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID), a fim de poder compartilhar os desafios que foram vivenciados. Os estudantes da escola básica, ao participarem ativamente da oficina, tiveram uma experiência prática que facilitou a compreensão do processo de infiltração da água no solo. Essa abordagem interativa tende a aumentar o interesse e o envolvimento dos estudantes, promovendo uma aprendizagem mais eficaz e duradoura sobre o ciclo da água e os processos hidrológicos.
ADAPTAÇÕES E DESAFIOS DA RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA DE MATEMÁTICA E PEDAGOGIA DA UFF
Authors: Souza Fabiano dos Santos , Rabelo Amanda Oliveira , Miranda Jean Carlos , Vargens Dayala
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a implementação e as adaptações do Programa de Residência Pedagógica (PRP) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), enfatizando as mudanças necessárias devido à pandemia de COVID-19. O método adotado consiste na análise detalhada das estruturas, objetivos e dinâmicas do programa, com foco especial nos subprojetos de Matemática e Pedagogia, abordando a transição para o ensino remoto e as estratégias pedagógicas implementadas. Os resultados revelam que, apesar dos desafios impostos pelo contexto pandêmico, o PRP manteve sua eficácia, adaptando-se às novas necessidades e realidades. Essas adaptações incluíram a utilização de tecnologias digitais, o desenvolvimento de atividades lúdicas e a participação ativa dos bolsistas, supervisores, preceptores, professores das escolas parceiras num processo colaborativo de formação inicial e continuada de professores. As conclusões do trabalho destacam a resiliência e a adaptabilidade do programa frente às adversidades, ressaltando sua contribuição significativa na formação de futuros educadores e na prática docente. Este estudo enfatiza a importância de programas de formação inicial docente que sejam flexíveis e capazes de responder às mudanças contextuais, especialmente em períodos de crise como uma pandemia.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE INICIAÇÃO À DOCÊNCIA NA PANDEMIA: DAS IMPOSSIBILIDADES ÀS POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Rabelo Amanda Oliveira , Souza Fabiano dos Santos , Gomes Georgia Regina Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

Esta chamada temática tem o objetivo de unir artigos que reflitam sobre as questões de iniciação à docência na pandemia da covid-19, em um movimento de resistência e sobrevivência da escola, do professor e do futuro professor, tanto sobre as impossibilidades quanto sobre as possibilidades que foram efetuadas na prática. Nele apresentamos artigos sobre os diversos programas e as estratégias que utilizaram para se adaptar às novas imposições apresentadas pela pandemia. Os programas analisados foram o PIBID, PRP, Teacher Residence, PID e a Iniciação na Docência em si. Podemos concluir, com os artigos apresentados, que as dificuldades foram muitas, mas várias possibilidades surgiram em meio às reflexões de formação inicial e continuada docente, práticas pedagógicas inovadoras e motivadoras que beneficiaram não só os discentes/docentes em formação inicial, mas também os docentes das escolas básicas e os seus respectivos discentes, em uma parceria entre universidade e escola, na relação entre docência e discência, em uma verdadeira formação teórico-prática. Assim, acreditamos que esta chamada temática possa contribuir com as reflexões sobre as várias formas de formação e práticas pedagógicas, não só no contexto da pandemia, mas na produção de estratégias inovadoras que possam ser desenvolvidas em todos os contextos educacionais.
Binary Adsorption Kinetics of Tetracycline and Doxycycline on HKUST-1: Modification Pseudo First and Second Order Models
Authors: Denesa Erwhyanta Monorizho , Laysandra Tammy , Soetaredjo Felycia Edi , Irawaty Wenny , Ismadji Suryadi , Putro Jindrayani Nyoo , Santoso Shella Permatasari
Published: December 2024

The investigation of kinetics is crucial for optimizing the adsorption process, particularly in multicomponent systems where several adsorbates compete for active sites on the adsorbent particle. This study presents a novel approach to improve the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models by integrating a competition parameter. This parameter quantifies the influence of the adsorbate interaction on the adsorption process. Empirical data of binary adsorption involving doxycycline (DXC) and tetracycline (TTC) were used to validate the improved models. The results indicate that the adjusted pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models effectively depict the adsorption kinetics when the R² values ​​approach unity. The competition factor, denoted by the parameter α, quantifies the degree to which one adsorbate affects the adsorption capacity of the other. This study indicates that the revised models offer a more thorough understanding of adsorption kinetics in multicomponent systems, thereby facilitating more effective selection of adsorbents and optimization of the process.
Effect of Adding Natural Latex Mixed Adhesive on the Shear Strength of Aluminum - Cocofiber Composite Single Lap Join
Authors: Hastuti Sri , Mulyaningsih Nani , Taufik Ikhwan , Salahudin Xander , Hadi Isro Nurul , Triyono Triyono , Paundra Fajar , Tarigan Roy Aries Permana
Published: December 2024

Adhesive bonding is often found for engineering construction technology applications in industries such as aeronautics, automotive, electronics, and aerospace. Single lap joint type connections can be applied to dissimilar materials so that they can reduce the weight of construction. The objective of this study to determine the effects of adding natural latex adhesive to aluminum-cocofiber composites single lap joints. The research material uses two types of adherend, namely aluminum and cocofiber-reinforced composite with an Unsaturated Polyester matrix (UPRs) type Yukalac BQTN with a MEXPO catalyst. Adhesive bonding material uses epoxy resin and the addition of natural latex. The connection is carried out using a single lap joint adhesive bonding method between two different adherend materials. The adhesive material in the single lap joint is 0.2 mm thick using variations in the addition of natural latex adhesive to epoxy with variations of 5%NK: 95%EP, 15%NK: 85%EP, 25%NK: 75%EP, and 35%NK: 65%E.P. The adherend surface treatment was given by roughing the surface with sandpapering grid #150. The single lap joints shear test refers to ASTM D-1002. The test results indicated that the shear strength increases with the addition of 5% natural latex to the epoxy. The roughness treatment applied to the surface provides an irregular effect, thus increasing the bond between the adhesive and the adherend. In addition, it also improves the mechanical interlocking of the single lap joint. The failure modes after the shear stregth test that occur based on macro observations are cohesive, stock-break, thin layer cohesive, and fiber pull-out.
Study on Technical Properties of Low Yield Strength LY225 Steel Plate for Seismic
Authors: Wang Xiao Shu , Zhao Bao Jun , Wang Hui Ling , Zhang Peng
Published: December 2024

The effects of different rolling and normalization processes on the microstructure, grain size, and mechanical properties of steel plates were investigated using the design philosophy of low C and low Mn composition. The results demonstrate the high strength and toughness of the steel plate through the efficient use of properly controlled rolling. The steel plate obtained by normalizing at 920 °C has a uniform and fine internal microstructure and all mechanical properties fully meet the standard requirements. The steel plates obtained by this process, with moderate strength and toughness, meet the standard requirements and are capable of stable batch production.
The Relationship between Personality Traits, Emotional Intelligence, and Covid-19 Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Solomons T. H.
Published: December 2024

The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic affected the entire world during the last few years, creating long-term social and economic problems in the aftermath. The current study investigated how long-term psychological variables, such as personality, trait emotional intelligence, and other socio-demographic factors were related to the severity of the COVID-19 infection. The objective was to explore if there were significant correlations between personality traits and emotional competence (commonly referred to as emotional intelligence) and the severity of the COVID-19 disease and post-COVID adjustment in a group of patients who had suffered from COVID-19. A stratified random sample of 52 patients followed up by the post-COVID clinic of the University Hospital of the General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University (UHKDU) participated in the study. Their personality was measured using an adapted Sinhala version of the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and their trait emotional intelligence was measured by an adapted Sinhala version of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form (TEIQUE-SF). Socio-demographic variables were also recorded. The results of this study show that personality traits or traits of emotional intelligence were not significantly related to the severity of the COVID-19 infection. Out of the measured socio-demographic variables, employment status was observed to be the only variable to have an association with the severity of COVID-19. According to the findings of the current study, it was concluded that most psychiatric symptoms reported in post-COVID syndrome are more likely to be related to the infection than to the premorbid personality or other long-term psychological variables. Short-term stress due to unemployment appears to predispose individuals to more severe forms of COVID-19.
A Small-scale Study on Gender-based Violence in Public Transport in Sri Lanka
Authors: Mallawaarachchi I. A.
Published: December 2024

Accentuated by a study done by the United Nation’s Population Fund which revealed that 90% of Sri Lankan women have experienced harassment in buses and trains this study is situated in Sri Lanka, where street harassment is rampant. In this regard, this small-scale research is conducted to uncover a glimpse of gender-based violence in public transport from the perspective of targets and to destigmatize the view that the onus of responsibility of preventing gender-based violence in public transport lies with the targets rather than the perpetrators. This is a critical discourse analysis of interviews and narratives of targets of gender-based violence in public transport in Sri Lanka, in which theoretical viewpoints of Catherine Riessman (2008), Theo van Leeuwen (2008), and Michael Bamberg and A.Georgakopoulou (2008) would be employed as the framework of analysis. It is further attempted to explore the dominant discourses and master narratives that are thus associated. In this respect, this research unravels as a small-scale study that employs a sample size of five interviewees who self-identified as victim-survivors of gender-based violence in public transport. The main findings of this study underline that the agency of the research participants was considerably at risk at the very moment that they entered a mode of transport. It was also argued that regaining targets’ agency from an incident of gender-based violence in public transport is an interdiscursive practice, which occurs as an amalgamation of varying discourses under a patriarchal master narrative. This study concludes with an emphasis on the rampancy of gender-based violence in public transport as stated at the onset, highlighting the influence of the patriarchal power structures that pervade.
Embracing Vitality: Addressing the Dual Challenge of Obesity and Vitamin D Deficiency through Integrated Interventions in Sri Lanka
Authors: Navaratna Samidi
Published: December 2024

No abstract available
YOLO deep learning algorithm for object detection in agriculture: a review
Authors: Kanna S Kamalesh , Ramalingam Kumaraperumal , P Pazhanivelan , R Jagadeeswaran , P.C. Prabu
Published: December 2024

YOLO represents the one-stage object detection also called regression-based object detection. Object in the given input is directly classified and located instead of using the candidate region. The accuracy from two-stage detection is higher than one-stage detection where one-stage object detection speed is higher than two-stage object detection. YOLO has become popular because of its Detection accuracy, good generalization, open-source, and speed. YOLO boasts exceptional speed due to its approach of using regression problems for frame detection, eliminating the need for a complex pipeline.  In agriculture, using remote sensing and drone technologies YOLO classifies and detects crops, diseases, and pests, and is also used for land use mapping, environmental monitoring, urban planning, and wildlife. Recent research highlights YOLO's impressive performance in various agricultural applications. For instance, YOLOv4 demonstrated high accuracy in counting and locating small objects in UAV-captured images of bean plants, achieving an AP of 84.8% and a recall of 89%. Similarly, YOLOv5 showed significant precision in identifying rice leaf diseases, with a precision rate of 90%. In this review, we discuss the basic principles behind YOLO, different versions of YOLO, limitations, and YOLO application in agriculture and farming.
Invasive alien plant species, riverbank instability and hydraulic risk: what do we know about Amorpha fruticosa, Arundo donax and Reynoutria japonica?
Authors: Buldrini Fabrizio , Landi Sara , Titti Giacomo , Parodi Stefano , Valente Massimo , Borgatti Lisa , Bolpagni Rossano
Published: December 2024

The spread of invasive alien plant species (IAPs) poses a serious threat to the biodiversity and effectiveness of rivers and drainage canals. Nevertheless, the reasons for the implications of increasing presence of IAPs on the stability and effectiveness of flood defences are still unclear. To point out the current knowledge on the topic, a systematic review was performed focusing on three of the key riparian IAPs: Amorpha fruticosa, Arundo donax and Reynoutria japonica. We searched for articles in the Scopus database, focused on the links between the three target species and hydrology and geomorphological processes. Only 7 papers were found containing what we were looking for. All the three target species are true «engineer plants», significantly regulating the edaphic and functional peculiarities of colonised environments, which correspond in the present case to river embankments. A. fruticosa slows down the water flow speed, increasing the flood risk. The extremely superficial A. donax root systems weaken bank stability, whereas R. japonica promotes soil erosion due to its peculiar roots’ morphology and extremely rapid biological cycles. This work shows that, despite clear evidence of the significant negative impacts mediated by the three IAPs of concern, the available levels of knowledge are wholly insufficient. In order to develop effective management strategies for riparian contexts globally, further investigations are needed urgently. Future research should focus on the structural/functional impacts of IAPs in riparian environments, not forgetting the additional effects of global changes and human impact on rivers and their functions.
What we can learn about mission from the conversion stories of unchurched seekers in Germany
Authors: Dreiling Nils
Published: December 2024

This article deals with the special challenges of Christian mission in an increasingly secular environment in Germany. The churches are facing new social groups, such as the growing groups of secular and religiously indifferent people, on whom the classic missionary methods of both mainline and free churches have little effect. This qualitative study examined 20 previously unchurched converts to the Seventh-day Adventist Church in West Germany to better understand how their conversion process unfolded and what conclusions can be drawn for future missionary efforts. The conversion process for the participants usually took place in four steps: (1) a biographically determined receptivity was addressed by a (2) suitable trigger, this match triggered (3) a study phase, and finally, it led to (4) a longing for community with like-minded Christians. It is striking that, contrary to many existing models of conversion, it was not usually other Christians who triggered and drove the conversion process, but instead about half of the participants experienced the process alone. While Christians were not essential for the beginning of the conversion process, it was the community of Christians that made faith firm and lasting. Finally, it became clear that conversion was a phenomenon of middle age. Apparently, a kind of critical self-reflection seemed to take place in this phase of life, which in some participants created a receptivity for conversion.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This work can contribute to the development of new missiological approaches for a rapidly changing society.
Long-term Health Implications of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Prospective Study on Post-coronavirus Disease 2019 Symptoms
Authors: Savith Akshatha , Meah Ameena , Murthy Ramya Shapur Sridhar , Phal Nidhi Bharat
Published: December 2024

Context:

Patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection continue to have some persistent symptoms or develop new symptoms, resulting in impairment of everyday activities beyond the initial acute period. The current study was undertaken to understand the long term health implications of covid 19 and to analyse the correlation of post covid symptoms with the severity of infection and inflammatory markers at the time of hospitalisation.

Aims:

(1) To estimate the prevalence of post covid symptoms at the end of 1 month,3 months and 12 months after discharge, (2) To correlate post covid symptoms with the severity of infection and inflammatory markers at the time of hospitalisation.

Settings and Design:

The study design was a cross-sectional study.

Subjects and Methods:

A prospective observational study was done on 150 COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-positive patients aged 18 years and above recovering from acute infection discharged from Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre. All the patients were followed up for 1 year, during which telephonic interviews were conducted, and a systematic enquiry was made regarding post-COVID-19 symptoms.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Data were entered in MS Excel and analyzed in SPSS V25. Descriptive statistics are represented with percentages, mean with standard deviation, or median with interquartile range depending on the nature of the data. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was applied to find normality. The Chi-square test, Independent t-test, or Mann–Whitney U-test were calculated depending on normality; P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 150 COVID-19-positive patients discharged from the hospital were included in the study. Sixty-seven percent of patients had symptoms at 1 month, 39% at 3 months, and 31% of patients persisted to have symptoms at 1 year. The most common symptoms at 1 year were fatigue (5%), breathlessness (5%), and insomnia (5%). No statistically significant correlation was found with the severity of infection, inflammatory markers, and other variables.

Conclusions:

Approximately one-third of patients who recover from acute COVID-19 infection may continue to have post-COVID-19 symptoms at 1 year after infection. Fatigue is the most common post-COVID-19 symptom. Post-COVID-19 symptoms can affect COVID-19 survivors regardless of the severity of the infection.
Effect of Advillin Knockout on Diabetic Neuropathy Induced by Multiple Low Doses of Streptozotocin
Authors: Chuang Yu-Chia , Jiang Bo-Yang , Chen Chih-Cheng
Published: December 2024

Advillin is an actin-binding protein involved in regulating the organization of actin filaments and the dynamics of axonal growth cones. In mice, advillin is exclusively expressed in somatosensory neurons, ubiquitously expressed in all neuron subtypes during neonatal ages and particularly enriched in isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) non-peptidergic neurons in adulthood. We previously showed that advillin plays a key role in axon regeneration of somatosensory neurons during peripheral neuropathy. Mice lacking advillin lost the ability to recover from neuropathic pain induced by oxaliplatin, chronic compression of the sciatic nerve, and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. However, the role of advillin in painful diabetic neuropathy remains unknown. Diabetic neuropathy, a prevalent complication of types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, poses significant treatment challenges because of the limited efficacy and adverse side effects of current analgesics. Here we probed the effect of advillin knockout on neuropathic pain in a diabetic mouse model induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (STZ). STZ-induced cold allodynia was resolved in 8 weeks in wild-type (Avil+/+
) mice but could last more than 30 weeks in advillin-knockout (Avil−/−
) mice. Additionally, Avi−/−
but not Avil+/+
mice showed STZ-induced mechanical hypersensitivity of muscle. Consistent with the prolonged and/or worsened STZ-induced neuropathic pain, second-line coping responses to pain stimuli were greater in Avil−/−
than Avil+/+
mice. On analyzing intraepidermal nerve density, STZ induced large axon degeneration in the hind paws but with distinct patterns between Avil+/+
and Avil−/−
mice. We next probed whether advillin knockout could disturb capsaicin-induced axon regeneration ex vivo because capsaicin is clinically used to treat painful diabetic neuropathy by promoting axon regeneration. In a primary culture of dorsal root ganglion cells, 10-min capsaicin treatment selectively promoted neurite outgrowth of IB4+ neurons in Avil+/+
but not Avil−/−
groups, which suggests that capsaicin could reprogram the intrinsic axonal regeneration by modulating the advillin-mediated actin dynamics. In conclusion, advillin knockout prolonged STZ-induced neuropathic pain in mice, which may be associated with the impaired intrinsic capacity of advillin-dependent IB4+ axon regeneration.
Isolated circinate balanitis successfully treated with topical tacrolimus
Authors: Bhatia Riti , Kumar Nitish , Kansal Naveen Kumar , Sushantika
Published: December 2024

Circinate balanitis, a common manifestation of reactive arthritis, is usually an associated finding seen with the clinical trial of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis. We hereby report a case of isolated circinate balanitis and its dermoscopic features in an adult patient. The patient responded successfully to treatment with topical tacrolimus 0.1% ointment.
Circinate balanitis: Early manifestation of reactive arthritis? A case series
Authors: Mehta Vyoma Parshad , Jadav Shruti Deepak , Patel Aanal Tushar , Patel Krina Bharat
Published: December 2024

Circinate balanitis, although a common cutaneous manifestation of reactive arthritis (ReA), is usually an associated finding present along with the triad of arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis. It is rarely seen as the only or the preceding manifestation of ReA. Here, we report three cases of circinate balanitis as stand-alone and initial presentation of probable ReA without any other symptoms of arthritis and conjunctivitis at the time of presentation.
Diagnostic dilemma for human immunodeficiency virus in a fatal case of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Maurya Shesh Prakash , Sharma Ashutosh , Jahan Farhana , Gautam Hitender , Das Bimal Kumar
Published: December 2024

National Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) testing programs utilize antibody-based tests for confirming HIV diagnosis which has a diagnostic window period of 23–90 days. In Fiebig acute HIV Stage I–II, an individual has antibody-negative but RNA-positive test results. Here, we present a case of a 54-year-old complete remission acute myeloid leukemia patient, who was recently reported HIV negative by antibody-based tests used in National HIV testing programs. However, when his sample was further analyzed by more sophisticated HIV tests, there was the presence of early anti-HIV-1 gp160 antibodies in western blot and HIV-1 RNA in nucleic acid testing. Within 8 days of his HIV-negative result, his clinical condition deteriorated. Later, the patient expired despite the best of clinical efforts at the apex tertiary care center of India. The technical difficulty in confirming HIV diagnosis by antibody-based tests used in National HIV testing programs and thereby noninitiation of antiretrovirals in a case where cell-mediated immunity is already compromised by non-HIV reason could have serious consequences. There is a need to update the existing HIV testing strategies in National HIV testing programs to include the needs of special cases.
Histopathological pattern of cervical cancers in Yola, North-Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Raheem Nasiru , Dahiru Aminu M. C. , Jangle Nancwat Lohbut , Sule Alfa Alhaji
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Cervical cancer occurs in all world regions with preference for Sub-Saharan Africa, possibly related to differences in exposure to aetiological factors. It is the most common gynaecological malignancy and the second female cancer in developing world. There are few published studies on cervical cancer in our environment, hence this report. This study, aimed to describe the spectrum, and the frequency distributions of cervical cancers in Yola, North-East, Nigeria.

Methodology:

This was a 14-year retrospective review from 2nd January 2010 to 31st December 2023 of all the histologically diagnosed cervical cancers in Yola, North-eastern Nigeria.

Results:

A total of 390 cases of cervical cancers were diagnosed during the 14-year study period. The ages ranged from 23 to 105 years (mean age of 52.3 years) and relative peak age of incidence occurred in the 41–50 years group. Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for the vast majority (345 cases, 88.5%) of cervical cancers distantly followed by adenocarcinomas (32 cases, 8.2%), and other less frequent histological subtypes contributed 13 cases (3.3%).

Conclusion:

This study unveiled high prevalence of cervical cancers in our setting; consequently, the urge for greater commitment to a robust, comprehensive cervical cancer screening, vaccination, and treatment plans.
Impact of Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy on Ovarian Reserve Assessed by Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Benign Ovarian Cysts: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Suman Shalini , Agrawal Sarita , Bagde Nilaj , Thakur Pushpawati , Shah Seema , Kumar Rahul
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study aims to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy (LOC) on ovarian reserve, measured by serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels, in patients with benign ovarian cysts.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective observational study was conducted at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, involving 30 patients undergoing LOC for benign ovarian cysts. Serum AMH levels were measured preoperatively and at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. The primary outcome was the post-operative change in AMH levels.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 31.27 ± 6.5 years, and the mean body mass index was 21.57 ± 1.87 kg/m2. The mean pre-operative AMH level was 2.46 ± 1.37 ng/mL. AMH levels significantly decreased at 1 week post-surgery (1.06 ± 0.67 ng/mL) but recovered partially by 1 month (1.51 ± 0.92 ng/mL), reaching 35% of the pre-operative value. The decline in AMH was more pronounced in patients with multiple cysts (1.95 ± 0.67 ng/mL) compared to those with a single cyst (1.29 ± 0.72 ng/mL). No significant differences were found related to cyst type (benign vs. endometriotic), size, presence of adhesions, energy sources used or surgeon’s experience.

Conclusion:

Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy is associated with decreased ovarian reserve.