bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viešosios erdvės transformacijos problema H. Arendt ir J. Habermaso teorijose
Authors: Alijauskaitė Agnė
Published: August 2017

This paper briefly introduces the concepts of the public space by H. Arendt and J. Habermas, compares them and presents an analysis of the problems concerning the transformation of the public space. In this work, I try to demonstrate that a confrontation between the civic body and the state thatappears in the context of the transformation of the public space is not completely grounded. The public sphere, which connects these two areas, is not autonomous. For the main points, I choose the theories of the two authors – Hannah Arendt and Jürgen Habermas. In the work, I discuss the similarities and differences of these theories as well as their conceptual interactions.
Metaforos Vytauto Kavolio sociologijoje
Authors: Noreika Alvydas
Published: August 2017

This article deals with the question of what place do metaphors hold in Vytautas Kavolis’s sociology. By following Lithuanian researcher Algimantas Valantiejus, who first inquired into the question, it is asked whether Kavolis’s sociology is poetical entirely, or do the poetical means of expression play a limited role in it. It is argued that the last case is involved. Poetical images do not overly control the sociologist’s expression of thoughts and his construction and use of means of cognition in any of his field of research. It is stated that the only way to overcome the non-poetical features of Kavolis’s language and to declare his sociology poetical in nature is to presuppose that all scientific concepts are but developed metaphors and that they never lose relationships with their metaphoric origins. An acceptance of such a presupposition opens the possibility to look for poetical images behind any abstract concepts. It is stated that Valantiejus uses this possibility in poetizing the overall sociology of Kavolis. According to him, all non-poetic features of its language, as well as poetic ones, have their origins in the metaphor of painting. It is argued that Valantiejus’s choice of the fundamental metaphor of Kavolis’s sociology hasshortcomings. The image of painting cannot explain the whole scope of Kavolis’s sociological research and the variety of its theoretical presuppositions adequately. It is stated that these shortcomings can beeasily eliminated by expanding Valantiejus’s conception of painting and by including three additional poetical images into the list of the fundamental metaphors of Kavolis’s sociology – mechanism, drama and organism.
Klaipėdos garsovaizdis (II): (iš)klausytas miestas
Authors: Gedutis Aldis
Published: August 2017

This article deals with urban soundscapes. A soundscape is a sonic environment and a multitude of sound sources that reach the human ear. By comparing different ways in which Klaipėda’s soundscape is constructed, we seek to analyze the aural background of Klaipėda. The research is based on the methodological distinction between hearing and listening. The first is a passive reception of sound, while the latter is interpreted as an activity consisting of both the search for sounds as well as their interpretation and analysis. The first article (Gedutis 2016) analyzed the Klaipėda soundscape as it can be heard. The current article concentrates on active attempts to listen to the city (or audition it), i.e., on the perception of the Klaipėda soundscape and the ways it is recorded, constructed and communicated by sound artists and theorists.
Sociologija kaip intelektualinis projektas (1995)
Authors: Valantiejus Algimantas
Published: August 2017

-
How to Lower the Poverty?: Population Control and Increase of Asset Ownership
Authors: Djamaluddin Sartika
Published: August 2017

This study is intended to identify and analyze factors that influence the poverty rate in households in West Java. The study was carried out at three regional levels namely the provincial, district and municipal levels in West Java. This study used the model of logistic regression using the data from the national socioeconomic survey (Susenas) on household. The total number of households observed was 20.541 households. The findings indicate that control of total number of household members and asset ownership is the main factor that lowers the poverty rate in households in all regions. However factors that lower the probability of poverty in each district and municipality are varies. Another finding from the study is that financial aid from the community to support family spending is not always significant in lowering the probability of a household to be poor.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5096
Exchange Rate and International Trade: Case From Indonesian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Anindhita Anung Yoga
Published: August 2017

Exchange rate fluctuation in Floating Exchange Rate Regime is considered to Exchange rate fluctuation in Floating Exchange Rate Regime is considered to have impacts on the international trade through its adjustment to the price and its volatility to the trade risk. This paper is aimed at estimating those impacts on the international trade of manufacturing sector in Indonesia for period 2007 to 2014. To conduct estimation, it uses multiple regression analysis on two models: First, the import of raw-and-auxiliary materials; Second, the export of manufacturing sector. The results show that the exchange rate impacts both work significantly on the import of raw-and-auxiliary materials. The finding implies that, through the import of raw-and-auxiliary materials, manufacturing sector is very susceptible to the shock caused by exchange rate changes. Meanwhile, the export of manufacturing sector is not able to take advantage of the depreciation of the exchange rate due to the lack of competitiveness.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5210
Measuring Systemic Risk of Banking in Indonesia: Conditional Value at Risk Model Application
Authors: Muharam Harjum , Erwin Erwin
Published: August 2017

Systemic risk is a risk of collapse of the financial system that would cause the financial system is not functioning properly. Measurement of systemic risk in the financial institutions, especially banks are crucial, because banks are highly vulnerable to financial crisis. In this study, to estimate the conditional value-at-risk (CoVaR) used quantile regression. Samples in this study of 9 banks have total assets of the largest in Indonesia. Testing the correlation between VaR and ΔCoVaR in this study using Spearman correlation and Kendall's Tau. There are five banks that have a significant correlation between VaR and ΔCoVaR, meanwhile four others banks in the sample did not have a significant correlation. However, the correlation coefficient is below 0.50, which indicates that there is a weak correlation between VaR and CoVaR.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5296
The Impact of Industrialization on The Regional Economic Development and Community Welfare
Authors: Sutikno Sutikno , Suliswanto Muhammad Sri Wahyudi
Published: August 2017

This study was aimed to determine the impact of industrialization on the regional economic development. Gresik regency was chosen as the research setting for it is one of largest industrial areas in East Java. The analysis instruments used were: First, the regression analysis, to determine the impact of industrialization on economic growth, unemployment, and poverty. Second, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), it was used to investigate the impact of industrialization on the community welfare. Third, Monte Carlo simulation that used to formulate a recommendation. The result showed that the industrialization in Gresik still has not been able to give extensive significant impact for the community in Gresik regency and its existence can only be enjoyed by nearby residents. Based on the simulation results, showed that the strong commitment between Gresik local government and the industry in order to address the problem of unemployment is very necessary due to its’ greatest impact.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.5334
Cover Vol. 6 (2), October 2017
Authors: Signifikan Jurnal
Published: August 2017

Cover Vol. 6 (2), October 2017
TRANSMISSÃO VERTICAL DO HIV: REFLEXÕES PARA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE E DO CUIDADO DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Deise Maria DEISE MARIA DO NASCIMENTO SOUSA Maria , Araújo Chagas Ana Carolina Maria , Cordeiro Mendes Igor , Leite de Oliveira Lara , Da Costa Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva , Oliveira Batista Oriá Monica
Published: August 2017

O processo de feminização da infecção pelo HIV aumenta o risco da transmissão vertical (TV), principal via de infecção pelo vírus na população infantil. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o papel fundamental do enfermeiro, que presta assistência direta e contínua às mães soropositivas e crianças expostas ao vírus, como peça fundamental na promoção da saúde do binômio mãe-filho. O estudo teve como objetivo refletir sobre a TV do HIV na conjuntura da promoção da saúde e do cuidado de enfermagem. Percebeu-se que o enfermeiro é um importante agente na busca pela implementação dos cuidados preconizados desde o período pré-concepcional, pré-natal, parto até o puerpério. Verificou-se ainda a importância das ações educativas como um dos principais elementos para a promoção da saúde na interface da TV do HIV, por constatar-se sua contribuição para o estabelecimento de uma relação dialógica entre enfermeiros, gestantes e puérperas soropositivas, visando à prevenção da TV do vírus.
Bem-estar espiritual e coping religioso/ espiritual em pessoas com insuficiência renal crônica
Authors: Brasileiro Thaila Oliveira Zatiti , Souza Valéria Helena Salgado , Prado Andressa Anunciação De Oliveira , Lima Rogério Silva , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Chaves Erika De Cassia Lopes
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Evaluar la variación temporal y la correlación entre elbienestar espiritual y el afrontamiento religioso/espiritual en personas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, analítico y longitudinal. La muestra inicial contó con 118 participantes, pero al final de la recopilación de datos hubo una pérdida de 31, lo que redujo la muestra a 87. Se aplicaron mediante entrevistas el cuestionariosociodemográfico y clínico, la Escala de Coping Religioso/Espiritual Breve (cre-Breve) y la Escala de Bem-estarEspiritual (ebe). La recopilación de datos se realizó en tres etapas, con intervalos frecuentes de dos meses.Resultados: Se encontró que las personas con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidas a hemodiálisis suelen recurrir al afrontamiento religioso y espiritual. La media positiva de cre fuede 3,34, lo que reflejó una alta puntuación. Por su parte, el ebe total y el ebe religioso se asociaron significativamente con la importancia que se le da a la religión/espiritualidad (p < 0,001).Conclusiones: Los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis utilizan el afrontamiento religioso/espiritual de manera positiva y significativa; así mismo, consideran importante la religión/espiritualidad en sus vidas.
Representação social do suicídio para pessoas com problemas relacionados ao uso de drogas
Authors: Cantão Luiza , Botti Nadja Cristiane Lappann
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Comprender el significado del comportamiento suicida en personas con problemas relacionados con el uso de drogas.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque en la teoría de las representaciones sociales, desarrollado en usuarios de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial para el tratamiento de personas en uso abusivo de alcohol y drogas. Se realizaron entrevistassemiestructuradas y una lectura de las historias clínicas de los 22 participantes. El análisis de los resultados se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de contenido de Laurence Bardin.Resultados: Surgieron las siguientes tres categorías del estudio: Intento de suicidio en personas con problemasrelacionados con el uso de drogas; Contexto de vulnerabilidad del comportamiento suicida en personas con problemas relacionados con el uso de drogas; y Contexto de protección delcomportamiento suicida en personas con problemas relacionados con el uso de drogas.Conclusiones: Las personas con problemas relacionados con el uso de drogas consideran que la conducta suicida se asocia a la desesperación, al descrédito personal, a los trastornos mentales, al abandono de la familia y a la falta de fe. Ellos entienden que hay mayor riesgo de comportamientosuicida entre sí, pero también, que existen factores que actúan como protectores de este comportamiento.
Four new Teagueia (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from the upper Río Pastaza watershed of east-central Ecuador
Authors: Jost Lou , Shepard Anderson
Published: August 2017

El género Teagueia, una vez considerado como un género menor con muy pocas especies, ha experimentado una sorprendente radiación evolutiva de alta diversidad en la cuenca alta del Río Pastaza ubicada en los Andes orientales del Ecuador. Todos los miembros de esta radiación local comparten un habito largo-reptante, en contraste con el resto de las especies del género. Seis especies de esta radiación local fueron descritas anteriormente; aqui se describe cuatro especies adicionales. Cada una de las cuatro especies nuevas se distingue por la forma particular de sus labelo, diferencias en los tamaños de sus flores, y diferencias en las textura de sus hojas. Todas las especies nuevas, al igual que las otras de esta radiación, tienen distribuciones extremadamente reducidas.
Toward a Decarceral Sexual Autonomy: Biopolitics and the Compounds of Projected Deviance in Carceral Space
Authors: Tiffe Raechel
Published: August 2017

Abstract This essay examines the rhetorical and structural divides between the “inside” and “outside” carceral world as they exist within the intersections of racialized state violence and biopolitics. It is also a reflection on my embodied experience, as a volunteer and activist, inside penal and correctional facilities, not in an attempt to center my “freeworld” body as more important than the embodied experiences of incarcerated people, but rather to trouble that binary altogether and to use my experience as a perceived outsider to illuminate what I call the compounds of projected deviance.  I will use my experiences working in jails as well as my experiences teaching yoga in an addiction correctional facility to argue for prison abolition and transformative justice, particularly in relation to resettlement. Drawing on the work of prison and queer studies, I argue that space, race, and sexuality interlock in significant ways in historical and contemporary prisons and jails. I will also use my reflections to argue that the feminist project of sexual liberation and autonomy must start with a rejection of sexual Othering for the most marginalized members of society: incarcerated people.
Service-Learning, the Arts, and Incarceration
Authors: Buffington Melanie , Wolfgang Courtnie N. , Stephen Tesni A.
Published: August 2017

This paper describes three different service-learning approaches the authors utilized in graduate art education students and incarcerated residents at a municipal jail facility. By situating our experiences within feminist theory, we analyze and unpack the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Through an analysis of teacher and student journal entries we came to see that our level of responsiveness to residents needed to increase as compared to our considerations of the university students.  We came to see the significant knowledge that the residents hold about excellence in teaching and created an opportunity for the university students and ourselves to learn from the residents.  We also identified three areas, breaking stereotypes, awareness of privilege, and showing empathy, that created change in the university students.  We believe that service-learning in pre-service teacher preparation programs allows university students to learn from and with residents, thus helping to create more empathetic future teachers.
Effect of brown coal fly ash on dispersive clayey soils
Authors: Premkumar Sothilingam , Piratheepan Jegatheesan , Rajeev Pathmanathan
Published: August 2017

Dispersive soils exhibit erosive behaviour in contrast to normal clayey soils. Several chemical stabilisers have been identified as being capable of stabilising these soils. However, the effect of brown coal fly ash (BFA) on the stabilisation of dispersive soil has not yet been investigated adequately. BFA is known to be a weak contributor to strength development. In this work, the stabilisation mechanism of BFA for strength improvement and erosion resistance over time was investigated using two different dispersive soils. The experimental results revealed that the selected BFA is an effective stabiliser in enhancing the erosion resistance of the tested dispersive soils in the short-term. On the other hand, it was found that the addition of hydrated lime further enhanced the strength development of dispersive clayey soils and facilitated early strength gain. Furthermore, soil samples treated with an effective combination of BFA and hydrated lime were investigated at the micro-level by means of energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The micro-level investigations revealed that the cation exchange rate was higher in soils with a low calcium/sodium ratio.
The Effects of Gratitude and Attachment on Purchase Behavior Intention: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Wallet Share
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Son Eun-Jung
Published: August 2017

he present study analyzed the effect of consumer emotion variables on their purchase behavior intentions and then suggested appropriate measures accordingly. The specific research focus was on the degree of gratitude and attachment consumers experienced. The study was based on survey evidence collected for approximately 5 weeks starting in July 2015. The questionnaires were distributed throughout several 5-star hotels in Busan, Seoul, and Jeju, with 302 copies being used for the final analysis. The results showed that gratitude has a significant effect on up-buying and cross-buying, especially as it pertains to the purchase behavior intentions of customers who feel higher degrees of gratitude. In addition, attachment was found to play a mediating role in increasing purchase behavior intention, and “high wallet share” customers were found to have a significant effect on up-buying. These study results will help hotel companies when conducting research on consumer behavior and marketing and when devising measures to improve their business performance.
Literatura e dispersão na cena escrita
Authors: Walty Ivete Lara Camargos
Published: August 2017

Leitura da cena de uma peça de teatro descrita pelo narrador, em Memórias do cárcere, de Graciliano Ramos, como exercício da liberdade possível dos prisioneiros, com o objetivo de analisá-la como metonímia da escrita desse livro e, de certa maneira, da própria obra do autor alagoano, tomada como jogo farsesco tanto da prisão, no momento da ditadura Vargas ou não, quanto da sociedade e suas relações de poder. A cena de teatro é vista, em seus aspectos éticos, políticos e estéticos, como a cena da escrita em sua dispersão, à luz de teóricos como Agamben e Rancière, associados ao conceito de carnaval de Frye e Kristeva.
modernidade de Memórias da Rua do Ouvidor
Authors: Bezerra João Cícero Teixeira
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo investiga o processo de modernização da cidade do Rio de Janeiro através do fenômeno do teatro e da moda como apresentado na obra Memórias da Rua do Ouvidor (1878), de Joaquim Manuel de Macedo. Para isso, discutem-se pontos de vista teóricos e historiográficos distintos sobre a modernidade a partir de pensadores e críticos de matrizes marxistas e da história cultural e das artes (como Roberto Schwarz, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Christophe Charle e Jonathan Crary), examinando o livro de Macedo já referido, com o objetivo de alcançar a complexidade da experiência ali exposta, propondo angulações teóricas distintas para a análise do fenômeno e, por fim, pensando um contraste entre a modernidade periférica brasileira e a francesa através do ensaio “O pintor da vida moderna” (1863), de Charles Baudelaire, em comparação com Memórias da Rua do Ouvidor, de Joaquim Manoel de Macedo.
COSTA, Iná Camargo. A hora do teatro épico no Brasil. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2016.
Authors: Matsunaga Priscila Saemi
Published: August 2017

.
dramaturgia de Lourdes Ramalho como expressão da modernidade teatral brasileira
Authors: Maciel Diógenes Andre Vieira
Published: August 2017

O artigo trata de uma questão pertinente à reavaliação crítica da dramaturga paraibana Maria de Lourdes Nunes Ramalho, notadamente no que se refere às vinculações, pretendidas, de sua obra às tradições populares, quase sempre partindo de pressupostos equivocados e que desconsideram suas relações de empreendedorismo cultural em vista do mercado teatral campinense, especialmente nos idos da década de 1970.A discussão sobre esse aspecto da modernidade teatral e dramatúrgica, focalizada sobre uma autora, considera as relações entre sistemas teatrais locais-regionais em suas dinâmicas com a cena, assim chamada, nacional.
Teatro contemporâneo brasileiro
Authors: Ribeiro Martha de Mello
Published: August 2017

O artigo em questão propõe refletir sobre o teatro contemporâneo brasileiro à luz de um salutar anacronismo com as formas teatrais denominadas pós-dramáticas (ou teatro performativo), que, desde o surgimento dos happenings, na segunda metade dos anos 1950, vêm conquistando particular protagonismo no cenário artístico mundial, tanto em relação aos estudos teóricos como na práxis. Enquanto o teatro performativo, influenciado pelas artes visuais e pela performance em seu sentido mais restrito, buscou uma linguagem que provocasse uma radical exposição do real, fazendo do teatro um evento de choque, com objetivos nitidamente antiteatrais, nossa dramaturgia nacional se manteve em grande parte aliada à forma dramática. Com o estudo de caso de dois espetáculos atuais, o paulista O pão e a pedra, da Companhia do Latão, e o carioca Batistério, ambos premiados pela crítica, constata-se que o jogo de cena e a fábula nunca abandonaram de forma radical nossos palcos. Nos exemplos citados, observa-se o uso de uma narrativa íntima que se opõe tanto a um realismo mais descritivo como também ao excesso de real que contamina a cena contemporânea, provocando desvios no real ao mesmo tempo que potencializa a cena da ilusão.
Antonio Candido: três textos decisivos
Authors: Cury Maria Zilda
Published: August 2017

.
Produtividade da água na bataticultura de Ibicoara na Chapada Diamantina, Bahia
Authors: Barbosa Murillo Anderson Gonçalves , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva , Gonçalves Karoline Santos , Alves Lucylia Suzart , Almeida Elizana Karla Andrade
Published: August 2017

As alt

as necessidades hídricas na bataticultura, associada a elevados custos de produção, altos riscos característicos da atividade e perspectiva de retorno financeiro compensador fazem com que a irrigação seja prática indispensável para a obtenção de produtividade. Objetivou-se realizar uma análise da produtividade da água no cultivo irrigado de batata. Os dados foram levantados em áreas de cultivo comercial localizada na região da Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. Para a determinação da produtividade física da água, utilizaram-se dados de produtividade da cultura, do volume de água proveniente da precipitação adicionado ao aplicado por irrigação e da evapotranspiração da cultura nas safras 2013/2014 e 2015. A produtividade física média da água para a cultura da batata irrigada por pivô central, na região da Chapada Diamantina, BA foi de 7,22 kg m-3 (safra 2013/2014) e 9,12 kg m-3 (safra 2015). A produtividade econômica da água teve um incremento de produtividade da primeira para segunda safra, no entanto, ocorreram mais perdas de água na segunda do que na primeira, o que indica uma necessidade de manejo de irrigação adequado para um maior ganho econômico.

Water productivity in potato grown in Chapada Diamantina, Bahia

Abstract: High water requirements in bataticulture (potato crop), associated with high production costs, high risks characteristic of the activity and prospect of a compensating financial return make irrigation an indispensable practice for the attainment of productivity. The objective of this study was to conduct a water productivity analysis in irrigated potato cultivation. The data was collected in areas of commercial cultivation located in the region of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia. For the determination of the physical productivity of the water, crop productivity, water volume from the precipitation added to the irrigation applied and crop evapotranspiration were used for the 2013/2014 and 2015 harvests. The average physical productivity of water for The cultivation of potato irrigated by central pivot in the Chapada Diamantina, BA region was 7.22 kg m-3 (crop year 2013/2014) and 9.12 kg m-3 (crop 2015). The economic productivity of water had an increase in productivity from the first to the second harvest, however, there were more water losses in the second one than in the first one, which indicates a need for adequate irrigation management for a greater economic gain.
Conocimiento del personal de salud de una clínica en Bogotá acerca del Sistema Obligatorio de Garantía de Calidad de la Atención de Salud
Authors: Jiménez Barbosa Wilson Giovanni , Pérez Villalba Angie Carolina
Published: August 2017

Esta investigación se basa en la normatividad colombiana, establecida en el Decreto 1011 del 2006, a partir de la cual se crean los estándares del Sistema Obligatorio de Garantía de Calidad de la Atención de Salud (SOGCS). Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento que tienen los funcionarios de la clínica N respecto al SOGCS. Materiales y métodos: se aplicó una metodología descriptiva y evaluativa con la que se estableció el grado de conocimiento que tiene el personal que labora en la clínica acerca de esta normatividad. La muestra fue de 341 miembros del personal de todas las áreas de la clínica, seleccionados de manera aleatoria, a quienes se les aplicaron encuestas diseñadas para este estudio. Resultados: se evidenció desconocimiento sobre las generalidades del Decreto 1011 del 2006; sin embargo, se identificó que el personal encuestado conoce los estándares de la norma, dado que la institución se encuentra en proceso de habilitación, por lo que continuamente capacita a sus funcionarios. Conclusión: aunque el grado de conocimiento acerca del SOGCS es bueno, es necesario fortalecer el proceso de capacitación al personal en el conocimiento del Decreto 1011 del 2006.
Talento humano en salud visual en Bogotá, Colombia, años 2013-2014
Authors: Bautista Ochoa Mario Esteban , Narváez Rumié Olivia Margarita
Published: August 2017

Introducción: el talento humano en salud visual ha sido caracterizado en Bogotá y en Colombia en unión con profesiones afines, es decir, no individualmente. Objetivo: describir el talento humano en salud visual en Bogotá, durante los años 2013-2014, al determinar sus características demográficas y socioeconómicas, la institución de pregrado, la experiencia profesional, los ingresos, la modalidad de contrato, entre otros. Metodología: enfoque cuantitativo con diseño descriptivo, de corte transversal. Se tomaron bases de datos del Consejo Técnico Nacional Profesional de Optometría, la Secretaría Distrital de Salud de Bogotá y la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Optometría. Se diseñó una encuesta de 22 preguntas y se aplicó a 1276 optómetras de Bogotá. Resultados: 36 % de los optómetras encuestados han ejercido de 0 a 5 años; 23 %, de 6 a 10 años. El 61 % de los optómetras labora entre 5 y 8 horas/día y el 27 %, más de 8 horas/día. Los mayores ingresos son por consulta de optometría (57 %), seguido por la venta de dispositivos médicos sobre medida para la salud visual y ocular (DMSMSVO) (31 %). La mayoría de optómetras (49 %) refieren tener un ingreso mensual de 4 a 6 salarios mínimos mensuales legales vigentes; así mismo, manejan contratos a término indefinido y reportan ser dependientes. Conclusión: la optometría cuenta con la posibilidad de trabajo independiente, como un factor diferenciador, debido a la inclusión en la práctica profesional de la venta de DMSMSVO, la docencia y la investigación, las cuales generan ingresos adicionales.
Using models to optimize poultry nutrition
Authors:   University of KwaZulu-Natal and EFG Software, South Africa, Gous R. M. , Fisher C. ,   University of KwaZulu-Natal and EFG Software, South Africa
Published: August 2017

Today’s commercial poultry production is about making decisions and implementing them, the main objective being to maximize profit for the enterprise. Alternative courses of action should be thought of and the consequences of these actions need to be predicted. Animal nutritionists face various problems when formulating feeds for poultry. Advances in simulation modelling have made it possible to look into all aspects of production when formulating feeds for animals. This chapter deals with these issues and looks at the use of simulation models to optimize poultry production. The goal of nutritionists and modellers is to predict the responses of the poultry to nutrients. This chapter looks into this issue. The chapter also describes the methods used to predict the potential laying performance of hens and the environmental factors that affect the desired feed intake. Finally, this chapter also explains how models can be used to optimize feeding programmes.
Study Effect of Evening Primrose Oil Supplement on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Associated Metabolic Parameters
Authors: Manal Khalid Abdulridha  , Mustafa Safaa Hussain  , Mahmood Shaker Khudhair
Published: August 2017

Natural products are reported to be useful for controlling or preventing T2DM as an anti-inflammatory, AMPK activators, insulin secretion stimulators, alpha-glucosidase / disaccharidase or amylase inhibitors. Evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) is a substantial source of omega-6 essential fatty acids, mostly gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The activity of Δ-6-desaturase enzyme responsible to convert linolenic acid (LA) to forms GLA is compromised in patients with type 2 diabetes. Accordingly, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of evening primrose oil in amelioration metabolic parameters of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Twenty six overweight or obese patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were enrolled. Thirteen patients received metformin 500 mg tablets twice daily alone (as a conventional therapy) for 3 month therapy, and 13 patients received metformin 500 mg plus evening primrose oil 2 gm capsule twice daily. Serum fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, fasting serum insulin (FSI) was measured. Insulin resistance and β-cell function was determined by using homeostatic model assessment (HOMA).  There was statistically significant elevation in baseline level of fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting serum insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA- IR), and in both patient groups 1 and 2 compared to control subjects, (P< 0.001). High reduction in these parameters post treatment was found in both patient groups compared to pre treatment level, significantly with fasting serum insulin in group 2 patients (P< 0.001). Inversely, lower levels were seen in HDL-C, HOMA-B, significantly elevated post treatment in both groups. No difference was found in triglyceride and VLDL-C in both patient groups compared to control subjects, but significantly reduced post treatment. In conclusion, early intervention with natural oil rich in gamma linolenic acid with traditional hypoglycemic drugs can improve therapeutic outcome and represent a promising strategy to slow the progression of diabetes complications.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hypertensive Patients towards Hypertension in a Secondary Health Care Facility in Delta State
Authors: Aghoja OC  , Okinedo PO  , Odili VU
Published: August 2017

Developing countries undergoing epidemiological transition face the double burden of communicable and non communicable diseases.  Although safe and effective drugs and evidence- based treatment guidelines are available, the management of hypertension remains sub-optimal. This was a descriptive prospective study to determine the level of knowledge, practice and attitude (KAP) of hypertensive patients receiving medical care at Central Hospital Sapele towards hypertension. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to 330 hypertensive patients, and the KAP of the patients assessed. Females 58.5% were more represented than males 41.5%. Respondents aged 65 and over were more represented (36.4%). A majority (43.3%) were unemployed, 58.8% were married and majority (51.2%) had a tertiary level of education. 8.8% were smokers while 25.5% alcoholics. Majority (53.3%) had family history of hypertension and most (36.7%) of them have had hypertension for over 5 years. 45.5% reported the presence of one or more co-morbidity of which diabetes mellitus (43.3%) was found to be the most co-morbid condition. Age, occupation, marital status and duration of hypertension were significantly related to KPA, p< 0.05. Only 53.3% reported satisfaction. Respondents demonstrated good knowledge and attitude but very good practice towards hypertension. The most prevalent co-morbid condition with hypertension was found to be diabetes mellitus. Majority of the respondents were satisfied with the level of care received from this institution.
Radiation Response (Low Dose Gamma Radiation) of Members of the Enterobacteriaceae in Dry Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus and Their Identification Using API 20E System
Authors: Nii Korley Kortei  , George Tawia Odamtten  , Mary Obodai  , Michael Wiafe- Kwagyan
Published: August 2017

The effectiveness of using low dose gamma radiation (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 kiloGray) was tested on dry fruit bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus stored in polythene and polypropylene and stored at 28-30 oC up to 12 months for identification of members of Enterobacteriaceae with API 20E test kit (Biomerieux ®, France). Encountered microorganisms of the Control samples (0 kGy) of both packages recorded included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudomonas aeroginosa Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marscesens and Enterobacter spp.  There was an observed decrease in bacteria species with increasing dose. However, Klebsiella pneumonia persisted after the application 5 kGy dose in both packaging materials. Health and immuno compromised persons stand a greater health risk after interaction with some of these bacteria spp. Case in point, infection of patients with cystic fibrosis by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be lethal over a long period of time. Information on Enterobacteria in the food industry is essential since they are potential food poisoning agents and thus their control is imperative.
Changes in Seedling Growth and Biochemical Contents in Abrus precatorius L. Under Nickel Treatment
Authors: Milvee K. Vyas
Published: August 2017

An attempt was made to study the effect of nickel on the growth of Abrus precatorius, a medicinal plant growing in South Gujarat used in Ayurved. The seeds of Abrus precatorius were germinated in petri dishes by 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 ppm nickel sulphate solution for experimental work.  The germination percentage, seedling growth, dry matter yield and changes in biochemical contents of total sugar, protein and pigments were investigated ten days after showing. The study indicates that the lower level of nickel has no adverse effect on germination, seedling growth and biochemical content whereas the higher concentration decreased the same accept the protein. Nickel increased the protein content at lower concentration and has been reducing effect at higher level.
Effects of Aqueous Extract of Piper guineese on Wound Angiogenesis in Male Adult Guinea Pigs
Authors: Nzeako H.C  , Ikeji C. V  , Emegoakor C.D  , Egwuonwu A.O  , Chianakwana G.U  , Anokwulu I.O
Published: August 2017

Wound is a significant burden to healthcare and the discovery of substances with wound healing will be of great help to health practice. The use of plants extract has been found to be useful overtime. This study is aimed at analyzing the effects of aqueous extract of Piper guineese on wound angiogenesis. Eight adult male guinea pigs were used for the study. They were grouped into four groups of two animals each. The groups were designated as A, B, C & D. The Full thickness wound of approximately 4cm2-11cm2 was caused on the dorsolateral region of the animals. Group D served as the control and received normal saline. The experimental groups B, C & D received different doses of drugs as follows: group A received 200mg/kg body weight of extract of Piper guineese, group B received 150mg/kg body weight of extract of Piper guineese while group C received 120/kg body weight of extract of Piper guineese. The wounds were dressed daily throughout the experimental periods. The administration was done orally for fourteen days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, tissue samples were collected for histological studies. The wound contraction was calculated and analyzed using SPSS. Histological result showed that angiogenesis was enhanced in the experimental groups when compared with the control. There was also improved fibroblast migration, reduced epitheliazation and uniform rate of healing evidenced in the statistical analysis. Piper guineese stimulate angiogenesis in a healing wound and promotes fibroblast migration to the wound site thereby aiding healing.
Tobacco Industry Research on Nicotine Replacement Therapy: “If Anyone Is Going to Take Away Our Business It Should Be Us”
Authors: Apollonio Dorie , Glantz Stanton A.
Published: August 2017

Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is recommended for tobacco cessation on the basis of pharmaceutical industry research showing its effectiveness when combined with counseling. The tobacco industry opposed NRT when it first appeared in the 1980s but by 2016 was marketing its own NRT products.

We used internal tobacco industry documents dated 1960 through 2010 to identify the industry’s perceptions of NRT. As early as the 1950s, tobacco companies developed nonsmoked nicotine replacements for cigarettes, but they stopped out of concern that marketing such products would trigger Food and Drug Administration regulation of cigarettes. In the 1990s, after pharmaceutical companies began selling prescription NRT, tobacco companies found that many smokers used NRT to supplement smoking rather than to quit. In 2009, once the Food and Drug Administration began regulating tobacco, tobacco companies restarted their plans to capture the nicotine market.

Although the tobacco industry initially viewed NRT as a threat, it found that smokers often combined NRT with smoking rather than using it as a replacement and began marketing their own NRT products.
Medicaid Reimbursement for the Female Condom
Authors: Witte Susan S. , MacPhee Colleen , Ginsburg Natalie , Deshmukh Neha
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To examine state-level female condom use through Medicaid from 2004 to 2014, because in 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) allowed for expanded Medicaid coverage in many states, extending requirements for contraceptive care to more of the poorest women in the United States and to most women with private insurance.

Methods. We collected data via brief survey of Medicaid offices in all 50 states between March 2015 and March 2016.

Results. The number of states providing Medicaid reimbursement for the female condom increased 33% (from 25 to 36) since 2007. Twenty-nine states provided data showing low numbers of claims for female condoms but high rates of reimbursement.

Conclusions. This period of heightened access demands that the public health community seize the moment to increase awareness about and promote the female condom among health care professionals and consumers. The pending repeal of the ACA may thwart important gains in access; policies promoting women’s reproductive health must be implemented immediately.
The Epidemic of Despair Among White Americans: Trends in the Leading Causes of Premature Death, 1999–2015
Authors: Stein Elizabeth M. , Gennuso Keith P. , Ugboaja Donna C. , Remington Patrick L.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To evaluate trends in premature death rates by cause of death, age, race, and urbanization level in the United States.

Methods. We calculated cause-specific death rates using the Compressed Mortality File, National Center for Health Statistics data for adults aged 25 to 64 years in 2 time periods: 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015. We defined 48 subpopulations by 10-year age groups, race/ethnicity, and county urbanization level (large urban, suburban, small or medium metropolitan, and rural).

Results. The age-adjusted premature death rates for all adults declined by 8% between 1999 to 2001 and 2013 to 2015, with decreases in 39 of the 48 subpopulations. Most decreases in death rates were attributable to HIV, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. All 9 subpopulations with increased death rates were non-Hispanic Whites, largely outside large urban areas. Most increases in death rates were attributable to suicide, poisoning, and liver disease.

Conclusions. The unfavorable recent trends in premature death rate among non-Hispanic Whites outside large urban areas were primarily caused by self-destructive health behaviors likely related to underlying social and economic factors in these communities.
Children’s Access to Dental Care Affected by Reimbursement Rates, Dentist Density, and Dentist Participation in Medicaid
Authors: Chalmers Natalia I. , Compton Robert D.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess the relation between Medicaid reimbursement rates and access to dental care services in the context of dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid in each state.

Methods. Data were from Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic, and Treatment reports for 2014, Medicaid reimbursement rate in 2013, dentist density in 2014, and dentist participation in Medicaid in 2014. We assessed patterns of mediation or moderation.

Results. Reimbursement rates and access to dental care were directly related at the state level, but no evidence indicated that higher reimbursement rates resulted in overuse of dental services for those who had access. The relation between reimbursement rates and access to care was moderated by dentist density and dentist participation in Medicaid. We estimate that more than 1.8 million additional children would have had access to dental care if reimbursement rates were higher in states with low rates.

Conclusions. Children who access the dental care system receive care, but reimbursement may significantly affect access. States with low dentist density and low dentist participation in Medicaid may be able to improve access to dental services significantly by increasing reimbursement rates.
Assessing Years of Life Lost Versus Number of Deaths in the United States, 1995–2015
Authors: Taksler Glen B. , Rothberg Michael B.
Published: August 2017

Objectives. To assess years of life lost to each cause of death in the United States between 1995 and 2015, and compare it with the number of deaths.

Methods. We used Vital Statistics mortality data and defined “life-years lost” as remaining life expectancy for each decedent’s age, sex, and race. We calculated the share of life-years lost to each cause of death in each year, and examined reasons for changes.

Results. In 2015, heart disease caused the most deaths, but cancer caused 23% more life-years lost. Life-years lost to heart disease declined 6% since 1995, whereas life-years lost to cancer increased 16%. The increase for cancer was entirely attributable to population growth and longer life expectancy; had these factors remained constant, life-years lost to heart disease and cancer would have fallen 56% and 38%, respectively. Accidents (including overdoses), suicides, and homicides each caused twice the share of life-years lost as deaths. Measuring life-years lost highlighted racial disparities in heart disease, homicides, and perinatal conditions.

Conclusions. Life-years lost may provide additional context for understanding long-term mortality trends.
An Iterative Response-Surface Methodology by Use of High-Degree-Polynomial Proxy Models for Integrated History Matching and Probabilistic Forecasting Applied to Shale-Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Wantawin Marut , Yu Wei , Dachanuwattana Silpakorn , Sepehrnoori Kamy
Published: August 2017

Response-surface methodology (RSM) has been widely used in the petroleum industry as an assistive tool for numerical-reservoir-simulation studies. Instead of generating simulation cases exhaustively to solve history-matching (HM) problems, proxy models that are created by RSM provide useful benefits in terms of simplicity and computational efficiency. However, the capability of proxy models to fully capture uncertainty ranges of HM results and production forecasts might be deficient in complex problems if the simplified proxy models only deliver partial solutions. Hence, to decide whether the uncertainty-assessment process by proxy models is complete, the models should deliver as many HM solutions as required to build probability distribution of production forecasts. Therefore, we developed the work flow to combine both processes into an integrated proxy-based approach that searches for the accepted HM solution while probabilistic forecasts are evaluated simultaneously. In addition, the combined work flow is an iterative approach. It gradually modifies the proxy models dependent on the increasing number of completed simulation runs, which continually update the original proxy model into higher degree of polynomial. The use of higher-degree-polynomial equations appears to have the benefit to provide an expanded set of HM solutions inside the uncertain parameter space compared with the commonly used quadratic form. More solutions found from the iterations could eventually approximate wider uncertainty ranges of probabilistic forecasts, which is consistent with the direct Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method but with a significant reduction of simulated cases. Finally, this paper applies the proxy-based approach to a reservoir-simulation model containing a horizontal hydraulic-fractured well in the Marcellus Shale formation. This proxy-based approach helps assess the uncertainty of reservoir and fracture properties of unconventional reservoirs. Also, it is useful for evaluating the ranges of ultimate gas recovery.
Tracking Bacteria through the Entire Gastrointestinal Tract of a Beef Steer
Authors: Durso Lisa M. , Miller Daniel N. , Schmidt Ty B. , Callaway Todd
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

50–80% of operational taxonomic units can be attributed to the GIT's upstream compartment.

Rumen and feces are dominated by firmicutes, 70% of which are in both compartments.

Abomasum, small‐, and large‐intestine samples each had distinct taxonomic composition.

Ingesta had more proteobacteria and bacteroidetes; tissue had more clostridia.

One‐third of the OTUs in the pre‐gastric samples were also found in the rectum.

Biological processes within beef cattle gastrointestinal tracts (GIT) influence animal health, and the output (feces) is an important vector for zoonotic pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Historically, outside of the rumen, little attention was paid to the bacteria along the GIT, despite their essential role in catabolizing feed into feces. Here we characterize bacteria from 15 GIT sites within a beef steer and examine the proportion of bacteria contributed by upstream compartments. This animal displayed characteristic differences between tissue and digesta communities in gastric and large‐intestine, but not small‐intestine, samples. The GIT sites shared between 50 and 80% of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with their neighboring upstream compartment, with the exception of the ileum. The ileum shared only 11% with the jejunum but displayed a similar phylum‐level taxonomic distribution with the jejunum. It is unclear whether the observed changes between compartments represent a nonrandom decrease in bacterial number or rapid multiplication of certain taxa.