bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Mahasiswa melalui Collaborative Analysis of Sample Student Responses
Authors: Ulil Albab Irkham , Ardi Saputro Bagus , Nursyahidah Farida
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan menerapkan Collaborative Analysis of Sample Student Responses. Subjek Penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah matematika SLTP di Universitas PGRI Semarang. Objek penelitian ini adalah kemampuan pemecahan masalah mahasiswa ketika belajar menggunakan Collaborative Analysis of Sample Student Responses. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara test kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, wawancara, observasi dan video – typing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis mahasiswa meningkat ketika menggunakan pembelajaran Collaborative Analysis of Sample Student Responses.
Penggunaan Perangkat Pembelajaran Geometri Ruang Berbasis ICT untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Tingkat Tinggi Mahasiswa
Authors: Rahmatina Desi
Published: May 2024

Pembelajaran geometri ruang merupakan salah satu pembelajran yang  memerlukan kemampuan analitis dan komunikatif mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) untuk mengkaji penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran geometri ruang berbasis ICT dalam meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi, 2) untuk mengetahui respon mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan perangkat pembelajaran geometri berbasis ICT. Pembelajaran geometri memerlukan kemampuan mengkomunikasikan  bangun yang sifatnya abstrak menjadi konkrit sehingga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi dengan menggunakan ICT. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan perangkat pembelajaran berbasis ICT dengan program wingeom dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Mastery Learning (Belajar Tuntas) terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas X SMA ‘Aisyiyah 1 Palembang
Authors: Ayu Pratiwi Eliza , Rusdi Amir , Dumeva Putri Agustiany
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan model pembelajaran mastery learning (belajar tuntas) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dikelas X SMA ‘Aisyiyah 1 Palembang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah true exprimental design dengan desain pretest – posttest control group design, populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh  siswa kelas X yang ada di SMA ‘Aisyiyah 1 Palembang tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini mengambil dua kelas sebagai sampel yang diambil dengan menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling yaitu kelas X4 dengan jumlah 37 siswa sebagai kontrol dan kelas X1 berjumlah 37 siswa sebagai kelas ekprimen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dan observasi kepada siswa. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil tes digunakan untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian dengan menggunakan uji-t. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif penggunaan model pembelajaran mastery learning (belajar tuntas) terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa dan hasil rata-rata observasi aktivitas kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa sebesar 74.
Diagnosis Kesalahan Mahasiswa dalam Proses Pembuktian Berdasarkan Newmann Error Analysis
Authors: Ekayanti Arta
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan soal geometri euclide khususnya pada kasus pembuktian. Analisis yang digunakan berdasarkan pada Newmann Error Analysis yang meliputi reading error, comprehension error, transformation error, process skill error dan encoding error. Subyek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa program studi pendidikan matematika Universitas Muhammadiyah Ponorogo yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah geometri euclide pada semester ganjil tahun akademik 2016/2017. Jenis dan pendekatan dalam penelitian ini yaitu jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan metode dokumentasi, tes dan wawancara. Analisis dilakukan dengan menganalisis hasil tes kemudian wawancara dengan beberapa mahasiswa dengan tipe kesalahan yang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa kesalahan mahasiswa terletak pada kesalahan teori/konsep dasar serta ketidaklengkapan justifikasi pada setiap langkah yang digunakan dalam pembuktian.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Penalaran Statistis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama melalui Pembelajaran Kontekstual
Authors: Maryati Iyam
Published: May 2024

Artikel ini menyajikan apa itu  pembelajaran kontekstual dan apa saja karakteristiknya? Apa itu kemampuan penalaran statistis? Mengapa pembelajaran kontekstual dapat mengembangkan kemapuan penalaran statistis siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama? Kemampuan penalaran statistis sangat penting dimiliki oleh siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama, karena dengan kemampuan penalaranr statistis ini siswa dapat memiliki kompetensi dalam hal: 1) memahami informasi-informasi statistis yang tersurat maupun yang tersirat pada setiap permasalahan yang dihadapi.  2) Pemahaman yang baik terhadap bagaimana cara  memilih, menyajikan, mererduksi, dan mempresentasikan data yang akan digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan yang ada. 3) pemahaman dan penalaran yang baik terhadap proses statistis secara keseluruhan termasuk setiap perhitungan yang terlibat dalam proses tersebut. 4) pemahaman untuk memecahkan masalah secara statistis berdasarkan data yang ada, dan menginterprestasikannya dalam pengambilan keputusan yang dapat berlaku secara umum. Oleh karena itu untuk mengembangkan kemampuan penalaran statistis tersebut harus mempertimbangkan pendekatan pembelajaran yang digunakan untuk siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama. Model pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai untuk siswa Sekolah Pertama salah satunya adalah pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual (Contextual Teaching and Learning).  Pendekatan pembelajaran kontekstual ini mengambil permasalahan-permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari atau permasalahan yang disimulasikan dengan dialog, diskusi,, tanya jawab, dan representasi. Aktivitas pengajaran kontekstual yang dikembangkan adalah: a) belajar berbasis masalah, b) belajar dengan multi konteks, c) belajar mandiri, d) penilaian otentik, dan e) masyarakat belajar.
Profil Pemahaman Konsep Nilai Tempat Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Awal Matematika pada Siswa Kelas III SDN 133 Takalala Soppeng
Authors: Yunarni Yusri Andi , Sari Miftah
Published: May 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan pemahaman siswa dari notasi aljabar pada melalui kemampuan. Pemahaman dalam penelitian ini berarti kemampuan untuk menerjemahkan (terjemahan), kemampuan untuk menafsirkan (interpretasi), dan kemampuan untuk ekstrapolasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Subyek penelitian ini adalah empat siswa kelas lima di SD, terdiri dari dua siswa dengan kemampuan verbal yang tinggi disebut sebagai subyek tinggi verbal (SVT), 1 siswa dengan mata pelajaran lisan menengah (SVS), dan satu siswa dengan mata pelajaran lisan rendah ( SVR). Fokus penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan pemahaman siswa tentang notasi aljabar berdasarkan kemampuan verbal mereka dalam terjemahan, interpretasi, dan ekstrapolasi. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara berdasarkan tes-dengan subyek penelitian. The dara penelitian divalidasi dengan melakukan metode triangulasi item, yaitu menggunakan pertanyaan wawancara utama sebagai pertanyaan dinyatakan dalam tPNA. Data penelitian dianalisis oleh (a) mempelajari subyek data dan diwawancarai Membandingkan data untuk Mendapatkan satu valid, (b) melakukan reduksi data dengan membuat abstraksi, (c) mengklasifikasikan dan mengidentifikasi data adalah untuk menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) pemahaman notasi aljabar dari pelajaran lisan tinggi (SVT): (a) pemahaman tentang simbol termasuk dalam pemahaman yang menerjemahkan (terjemahan), (b) memahami konsep simbol tapi Blum adalah mampu pemadam antara simbol dan variabel, (c) mampu menafsirkan makna aljabar notasi (simbol dan tanda-tanda) baik; (2) pemahaman notasi algberaic pelajaran lisan menengah (SVS): (a) pemahaman tentang simbol termasuk dalam pemahaman yang menerjemahkan (terjemahan), (b) Mengakui simbol tapi belum Mampu memadamkan simbol dan variabel, (c) adalah Mampu menginterpretasikan arti dari aljabar notasi (simbol dan tanda-tanda) baik; (3) pemahaman notasi aljabar dari pelajaran lisan rendah (SVR): (a) pemahaman tentang simbol termasuk dalam pemahaman yang menerjemahkan (terjemahan), (b) Mengakui simbol tapi belum Mampu memadamkan simbol dan variabel, (c) belum mampu menafsirkan makna aljabar notasi (simbol, variabel, dan tanda) dengan baik.
Analisis Buku Matematika Siswa SMP Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Rizkianto Ilham , Santosa Rusgianto Heri
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memformulasikan masukan sebagai bahan pertimbangan dalam penyempurnaan buku matematika siswa SMP kurikulum 2013. Sehingga nantinya kesalahan-kesalahan yang ditemukan dalam buku matematika siswa SMP kurikulum 2013 dapat diminimalisisr dan layak dipakai oleh siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitik, yakni suatu penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran tentang realitas pada objek yang diteliti secara objektif. Penelitian ini menekankan pada satu variabel yaitu kebenaran konsep pada buku matematika siswa SMP kurikulum 2013. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dalam buku matematika siswa SMP kurikulum 2013 masih terdapat banyak kesalahan. Kesalahan ini berupa kesalahan dalam penulisan maupun dalam merumuskan konsep pembelajaran matematika.
The aim of this present study is to formulate suggestions as a consideration in improving junior high school students’ mathematics book 2013 curriculum. Later on, the mistakes found in the book can be minimalize and suitable to be used by students. The sort of this study is a analitic descriptive research, namely a research that intends to give representations about reality towards objects that have been studied objectively. This research study stresses in one variable, namely the truth concept in junior high school students’ mathematics book 2013 curriculum. The result of the analysis shows that in Junior High School students’ mathematics textbook 2013 curriculum was found many mistakes. The mistakes include wrong spelling in written the words and wrong formulation of mathematics learning concepts.
Penerapan Metode (TS-TS) untuk Melihat Aktivitas Siswa pada Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Rani  , Niswah Choirun , Agustiani Riza
Published: May 2024

Aktivitas belajar diartikan sebagai suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh siswa dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Aktivitas siswa sangatlah diperlukan dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat melihat aktivitas belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika setelah diterapkan metode Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) di SMP Negeri 19 Palembang. Untuk mengetahui tujuan penelitian, maka yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Mixed Methods Research. Hasil penelitian ini diambil dari data observasi aktivitas siswa pada setiap pertemuan, wawancara kepada sampel terpilih, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: setelah diterapkan metode Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) dalam pembelajaran matematika di SMP Negeri 19 Palembang, aktivitas belajar siswa termasuk dalam kategori aktif dengan rata-rata 75, dimana 12 orang siswa berada pada kategori sangat aktif, 7 orang siswa berada pada kategori aktif, 8 orang siswa berada pada kategori cukup aktif, 3 orang siswa berada ada kategori kurang aktif, dan 1 orang siswa berada pada kategori sangat kurang aktif.
Learning activity is defined as an activity undertaken by students in the implementation of the learning process. Student activity is very necessary in the learning process. The purpose of this study is to observe the student learning activities in the study of mathematics after applied Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) method in SMP Negeri 19 Palembang. This research is a Mixed Methods Research. The data of this study is observational data of student activity at each meeting, interview data of the selected sample, and documentation. From the data analysis, it can be concluded that after applied the Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) method in mathematics instructions at SMP Negeri 19 Palembang, student learning activities included in the category of active with an average of 75: 12 very active students, 7 active students, 8 sufficient students, 3 less active students, and 1 very less active student.
Kemampuan Penalaran Analogis Santri dalam Geometri: Penelitian Kualitatif di Sebuah Pondok Pesantren
Authors: Ramdhani Sendi
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kemampuan penalaran analogis santri dalam geometri dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan dan hambatan mereka. Penulis mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan analogis dalam pemahaman konsep geometri, kemampuan penalaran analogis dalam teorema dan sifat, dan kemampunan penalaran analogis dalam masalah geometri. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari pengembangan bahan ajar geometri untuk meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran analogis santri. Adapun metode penelitiannya menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dalam materi teorema Pythagoras, aturan kosinus, dan teorema garis tinggi segitiga yang melibatkan 80 santri di sebuah Pondok Pesantren di Bandung, Indonesia. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kemampuan penalaran analogis santri berada di kategori rendah dan cukup. Berdasarkan hasil tes dan wawancara menunjukkan santri kesulitan menuliskan persamaan Pythagoras berdasarkan gambar segitiga siku-siku dalam berbagai konteks, menuliskan persamaan kosinus berdasarkan definisi verbal dan gambar, melukis segitiga siku-siku berdasarkan persamaan Pythagoras, melakukan penalaran analogis antara teorema Pythagoras dan aturan kosinus, dan melakukan penalaran analogis berdasarkan teorema. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini berupa kesulitan-kesulitan dan kelemahan-kelemahan santri dalam kemampuan penalaran analogis yang akan menjadi landasan untuk mengembangan bahan ajar geometri.
This study aims to investigate the analogical reasoning ability of santri in geometry and identify their difficulties and constraints. The author describes how analogical reasoning in understanding the concepts of geometry, analogical reasoning in theorems and properties, and the use of analogical reasoning in geometry problems. This research is part of the development of geometry teaching materials to improve the analogical reasoning ability of santri. The research method uses qualitative research in the material of Pythagoras theorem, the law of cosine, and triangle altitude theorem that involves 80 santri at a Pondok Pesantren in Bandung, Indonesia. The results of this study found that the santri's analogical reasoning abilities were in the low and sufficient category. Based on the results of the tests and interviews it is difficult for students to write Pythagoras equations based on right triangle images in various contexts, writing cosine equations based on verbal definitions and drawings, painting right triangles based on Pythagoras equations, analogical reasoning between Pythagorean theorem and cosine rules; doing analogical reasoning based on the theorem. The recommendation of this research is the difficulties and weaknesses of santri in analogical reasoning ability that will be the basis for developing geometry teaching materials.
Perbandingan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Siswa Antara Yang Menggunakan Pembelajaran Inside-Outside-Circle Dengan Konvensional
Authors: Nuraeni Reni , Luritawaty Irena Puji
Published: May 2024

Pemahaman merupakan aspek fundamental serta kemampuan dasar untuk mencapai kemampuan matematis lainnya yang lebih tinggi. Setiap pembelajaran harus menyertakan hal pokok dari pemahaman. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis harus difasilitasi oleh pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru, salah satunya adalah pembelajaran Inside-Outside-Circle. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah perbandingan kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa antara yang menggunakan pembelajaran Inside-Outside-Circle dengan konvensional. Adapun populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas IX di salah satu Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) swasta di kabupaten Garut. Sedangkan sampelnya yaitu siswa kelas IX B dan IX C di sekolah tersebut. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa soal uraian yang diujikan pada saat pretest dan posttest. Data hasil tes tersebut kemudian dikenakan beberapa uji statistik yaitu uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan terakhir uji-t. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan pemahaman matematis siswa yang menggunakan pembelajaran Inside-Outside-Circle lebih baik daripada konvensional.
Understanding is a fundamental aspect as well as a basic ability to achieve other higher mathematical abilities. Every lesson should include the essentials of understanding. To improve the ability of mathematical understanding must be facilitated by the learning provided by the teacher, one of them is the Inside-Outside-Circle learning. This study aims to examine the comparison of students' mathematical comprehension skills between those using the conventional Inside-Outside-Circle learning. The population used in this study is the students of class IX in one of the private Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) in Garut district. While the sample is the students of class IX B and IX C at the school. The instrument used in this study is a description of the tested test at the time of pretest and posttest. Data test results are then subjected to several statistical tests namely normality test, homogeneity test, and last t-test. Based on data analysis, it can be concluded that students' mathematical understanding ability using Inside-Outside-Circle learning is better than conventional.
Persepsi Siswa terhadap Pembelajaran Pecahan di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Wardana M. Yusuf Setia , Damayani Aries Tika
Published: May 2024

Belajar harus dimulai dengan pengenalan masalah atau dengan meningkatkan masalah yang lebih nyata dengan menghubungkan pembelajaran ke kehidupan sehari-hari. Inilah yang mendorong peneliti untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi siswa sekolah dasar dalam mempelajari pecahan di sekolah dasar. Sehingga dosen dapat membekali keterampilan mengajar materi pecahan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru di sekolah dasar. Tujuan jangka panjang dari penelitian ini adalah merancang buku teks dimana ada bahan pecahan untuk siswa sekolah dasar. Tujuan khususnya penelitian ini akan digunakan sebagai bahan dalam bahan ajar Pendidikan Matematika I. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Periset menggunakan metode wawancara, tes, observasi dan dokumentasi untuk mengumpulkan data untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi siswa sekolah dasar tentang pembelajaran pecahan. Setelah mendapatkan hasilnya, data dianalisis dengan cara mengurangi data, menyajikan data, dan meringkas data.
Learning should begin with the introduction of problems or by raising more real problems by linking learning to everyday life. This is what encourages researchers to identify the perceptions of elementary school students in studying fractions in primary schools. So the lecturer can equip the skills of teaching the fractional material that should be owned by a teacher in primary school. The long-term goal of this research is to design textbooks in which there is fractional material for elementary school students. Target in particular of this research will be used as an ingredient in teaching materials of Mathematics Education I. The method that will be used in this research is qualitative research. Researchers used interview, test, observation and documentation methods to collect data to identify primary school students' perceptions of fractional learning. After getting the results, the data is analyzed by reducing the data, presenting the data, and summarizing the data.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Change in Frontoparietal and Default Mode Networks After Acute Exercise in Youth
Authors: Cline Trevor L. , Morfini Francesca , Tinney Emma , Makarewycz Ethan , Lloyd Katherine , Olafsson Valur , Bauer Clemens C.C. , Kramer Arthur F. , Raine Lauren B. , Gabard-Durnam Laurel J. , Whitfield-Gabrieli Susan , Hillman Charles H.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: A single bout of aerobic exercise can provide acute benefits to cognition and emotion in children. Yet, little is known about how acute exercise may impact children’s underlying brain networks’ resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). OBJECTIVE: Using a data-driven multivariate pattern analysis, we investigated the effects of a single dose of exercise on acute rsFC changes in 9-to-13-year-olds. METHODS: On separate days in a crossover design, participants (N = 21) completed 20-mins of acute treadmill walking at 65–75% heart rate maximum (exercise condition) and seated reading (control condition), with pre- and post-fMRI scans. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to investigate rsFC change between conditions. RESULTS: Three clusters in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) of the frontoparietal network (FPN) had significantly different rsFC after the exercise condition compared to the control condition. Post-hoc analyses revealed that from before to after acute exercise, activity of these FPN clusters became more correlated with bilateral lPFC and the left basal ganglia. Additionally, the left lPFC became more anti-correlated with the precuneus of the default mode network (DMN). An opposite pattern was observed from before to after seated reading. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that a single dose of exercise increases connectivity within the FPN, FPN integration with subcortical regions involved in movement and cognition, and segregation of FPN and DMN. Such patterns, often associated with healthier cognitive and emotional control, may underlie the transient mental benefits observed following acute exercise in youth.
Increased Diagnostic Yield by Reanalysis of Whole Exome Sequencing Data in Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Olimpio Catarina , Paramonov Ida , Matalonga Leslie , Laurie Steven , Schon Katherine , Polavarapu Kiran , Kirschner Janbernd , Schara-Schmidt Ulrike , Lochmüller Hanns , Chinnery Patrick F. , Horvath Rita
Published: May 2024

Background:

The genetic diagnosis of mitochondrial disorders is complicated by its genetic and phenotypic complexity. Next generation sequencing techniques have much improved the diagnostic yield for these conditions. A cohort of individuals with multiple respiratory chain deficiencies, reported in the literature 10 years ago, had a diagnostic rate of 60% by whole exome sequencing (WES) but 40% remained undiagnosed.

Objective:

We aimed to identify a genetic diagnosis by reanalysis of the WES data for the undiagnosed arm of this 10-year-old cohort of patients with suspected mitochondrial disorders.

Methods:

The WES data was transferred and processed by the RD-Connect Genome-Phenome Analysis Platform (GPAP) using their standardized pipeline. Variant prioritisation was carried out on the RD-Connect GPAP.

Results:

Singleton WES data from 14 individuals was reanalysed. We identified a possible or likely genetic diagnosis in 8 patients (8/14, 57%). The variants identified were in a combination of mitochondrial DNA ( n = 1, MT-TN), nuclear encoded mitochondrial genes ( n = 2, PDHA1, and SUCLA2) and nuclear genes associated with nonmitochondrial disorders ( n = 5, PNPLA2, CDC40, NBAS and SLC7A7). Variants in both the NBAS and CDC40 genes were established as disease causing after the original cohort was published. We increased the diagnostic yield for the original cohort by 15% without generating any further genomic data.

Conclusions:

In the era of multiomics we highlight that reanalysis of existing WES data is a valid tool for generating additional diagnosis in patients with suspected mitochondrial disease, particularly when more time has passed to allow for new bioinformatic pipelines to emerge, for the development of new tools in variant interpretation aiding in reclassification of variants and the expansion of scientific knowledge on additional genes.
Design and analysis of a lower limb assistive exoskeleton robot
Authors: Li Xiang , Wang Ke-Yi , Yang Zi-Yi
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: In recent years, exoskeleton robot technology has developed rapidly. Exoskeleton robots that can be worn on a human body and provide additional strength, speed or other abilities. Exoskeleton robots have a wide range of applications, such as medical rehabilitation, logistics and disaster relief and other fields. OBJECTIVE: The study goal is to propose a lower limb assistive exoskeleton robot to provide extra power for wearers. METHODS: The mechanical structure of the exoskeleton robot was designed by using bionics principle to imitate human body shape, so as to satisfy the coordination of man-machine movement and the comfort of wearing. Then a gait prediction method based on neural network was designed. In addition, a control strategy according to iterative learning control was designed. RESULTS: The experiment results showed that the proposed exoskeleton robot can produce effective assistance and reduce the wearer’s muscle force output. CONCLUSION: A lower limb assistive exoskeleton robot was introduced in this paper. The kinematics model and dynamic model of the exoskeleton robot were established. Tracking effects of joint angle displacement and velocity were analyzed to verify feasibility of the control strategy. The learning error of joint angle can be improved with increase of the number of iterations. The error of trajectory tracking is acceptable.
Discrete Wavelet Transform based ECG classification using gcForest: A deep ensemble method
Authors: Lin Mingfeng , Hong Yuanzhen , Hong Shichai , Zhang Suzhen
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading global cause of mortality, necessitating advanced diagnostic tools for early detection. The electrocardiogram (ECG) is pivotal in diagnosing cardiac abnormalities due to its non-invasive nature. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to propose a novel approach for ECG signal classification, addressing the challenges posed by the complexity of ECG signals associated with various diseases. METHODS: Our method integrates Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for feature extraction, capturing salient features of cardiovascular diseases. Subsequently, the gcForest model is employed for efficient classification. The approach is tested on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database. RESULTS: The proposed method demonstrates promising results on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database, achieving a test accuracy of 98.55%, recall of 98.48%, precision of 98.44%, and an F1 score of 98.46%. Additionally, the model exhibits robustness and low sensitivity to hyper-parameters. CONCLUSION: The combined use of DWT and the gcForest model proves effective in ECG signal classification, showcasing high accuracy and reliability. This approach holds potential for improving early detection of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to enhanced cardiac healthcare.
Association between physical activity and functional movement screening among university students in an adaptive physical course
Authors: Yang Fan , Sang Pengzhi , Shen Xiaojing , Yang Sanjun , Meng Yunchen , Hu Huiming
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Physical activity (PA) holds profound implications for the holistic development of college students. However, students with chronic diseases or physical disabilities experience significantly limited PA during adaptive sports. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity and Functional Movement Screening (FMS) among university students who participate in the adaptive physical course. METHODS: 36 university students (from the adaptive physical course) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form (IPAQ-L). Body measurements and FMS were assessed. Correlation analysis and t-tests were used to determine relationships and differences between various indicators. A two-way analysis of variance was used to investigate potential variations in FMS scores based on gender and weight status. RESULTS: The results show that gender, PA, and BMI significantly influence FMS scores in students participating in adaptive physical courses. FMS score is significantly negatively correlated with BMI and significantly positively correlated with PA. The FMS score for males, as well as the scores for Trunk Stability Push-Up and Rotary Stability, are significantly higher than those for females. CONCLUSION: University students in adaptive physical courses can benefit from increased PA and FMS scores. Improving functional movement and enhancing physical activity are crucial for promoting overall health in this population.
Function of the hand as a predictor of early diagnosis and progression of Alzheimer’s dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Namkoong Seung , Roh Hyolyun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: The dominant feature of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) is gradual cognitive decline, which can be reflected by reduced finger dexterity. OBJECTIVE: This review analyzed reports on hand function in AD patients to determine the possibility of using it for an early diagnosis and for monitoring the disease progression of AD. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were searched systematically (search dates: 2000–2022), and relevant articles were cross-checked for related and relevant publications. RESULTS: Seventeen studies assessed the association of the handgrip strength or dexterity with cognitive performance. The hand dexterity was strongly correlated with the cognitive function in all studies. In the hand dexterity test using the pegboard, there was little difference in the degree of decline in hand function between the healthy elderly (HE) group and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group. On the other hand, there was a difference in the hand function between the HE group and the AD group. In addition, the decline in hand dexterity is likely to develop from moderate to severe dementia. In complex hand movements, movement speed variations were greater in the AD than in the HE group, and the automaticity, regularity, and rhythm were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: HE and AD can be identified by a simple hand motion test using a pegboard. The data can be used to predict dementia progression from moderate dementia to severe dementia. An evaluation of complex hand movements can help predict the transition from MCI to AD and the progression from moderate to severe dementia.
Effects of infant care posture and weight on static postural balance
Authors: Kim Ji-Won , Cha Sang-Ho , Lee Min-Kyun , Ko Junghyuk , Kwon Yu-Ri
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating postural balance during various infant care postures have not been reported yet. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure static postural balance when holding an infant dummy in-arms and carrying an infant dummy on back according to different infant dummy weights. METHODS: Sixteen healthy young subjects participated in a balance test. Infant dummies with weights of 4.6 kg (1-month) and 9.8 kg (12-month) were used in this study. All subjects were asked to naturally stand on a force platform in two infant care postures (holding an infant in-arms and carrying an infant on one’s back). Center of pressure (COP) was measured from the force platform. Quantitative variables were derived from the COP. Two-way repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine main effects of infant care postures, infant weight, and their interactions on COP variables. RESULTS: Back carrying a 12-month infant dummy had the greatest amplitude in all COP variables. Back carrying posture showed significantly greater mean distance and peak power, faster mean velocity, and wider COP area compared to holding posture (P< 0.05). There were significant weight effects of most COP variables mainly in AP direction (P< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results could contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal diseases or prevention of fall due to various infant care activities by developing an assisting device to improve postural balance.
Gender-based analysis of muscle activation while in a sedentary work posture
Authors: Shin Eunji , Roh Hyolyun
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Many people work in a sitting position where they have to use their upper extremities and hands. Muscle activity in sitting position is affected by the chair height of, the height of the worktable, and the distance to the working target. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate differences in muscle activity between men and wemen at different chair heghts and working distances. METHODS: Surface electromyography (EMG) was employed to determine the muscle activity of the upper limbs and the trunk, while an arm-stretching task was performed in a sitting position. RESULTS: Women’s muscle activity was higher than that of men in most muscles as the chair height and working distance changed. CONCLUSIONS: As the height of the chair or the working distance was changed, muscle activity was greater in women than in men for most of the muscles analyzed. Under the same conditions, women may feel more muscle fatigue than men, so it is necessary to consider gender in the working environment.
Impact of fatalistic approaches in the health crisis: COVID-19 example
Authors: Yigitbas Cagla , Ozcan Handan , Elkoca Ayse
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: When faced with a health crisis, most people tend to seek solutions through modern or traditional medicine. However, there is a group of people who tend to take a fatalistic approach to health crises and tend not to do what is necessary. When such approaches are exhibited in disadvantaged groups, there may be a chain reaction resulting in much more important problems. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine whether the fatalistic approach is realized during a health crisis period in people 65 years and older, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases, and healthcare workers who are considered disadvantaged. Researchers also examined whether there were sociodemographic characteristics that made a difference in these attitudes among those who were determined to have a fatalistic approach. METHODS: The research was conducted with a quantitative method. The sample calculation was performed and it was decided to reach 196 people. A self-report scale was used for fatalism. RESULTS: It was determined that the participants had a moderate level of fatalism. It was seen that there was a difference between the groups in terms of fatalistic behavior. It was observed that women, divorced people, people without alcohol and smoking habits, people who live alone, and people who think their health is poor tend to behave more fatalistic. CONCLUSION: The tendency to show fatalistic behavior was found to be higher in the group of 65 years and older. Sociodemographic characteristics are associated with fatalistic behavior.
Insights into the Psychological Strains of University Life: A Study of Albanian Students
Authors: Muca Juna , Kostrista Entela , Abazaj Drilona , Hawa Suada , Musaj Ledion , Ngjela Juventina , Kazanxhi Elton , Longhi Laura , Begotaraj Edvaldo
Published: May 2024

During university years, mental health and behavioural challenges become more prevalent. The unique lifestyle of students often exposes them to increased levels of anxiety, depression, and social isolation. Additionally, mental well-being is closely linked to factors such as anxiety, stress, and adjustments to new lifestyle habits, particularly in the crucial transition period of the first year at university.

A longitudinal study was conducted among students enrolled at universities in Albania. Descriptive statistics were used to show the difference between gender, levels of education and age. A sample of 594 students participated in the study completing the battery of questionnaires. Psychological instruments and exposure measurements were considered.

Research has confirmed the challenges faced by students during their university years, revealing a correlation between insufficient financial support and a rise in symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings underscore the impact of lifestyle changes on the manifestation of clinically significant psychological symptoms. It suggests that enhancing financial support and providing additional resources could alleviate psychological distress among university students.
Unlocking Complexity: The Versatility of Substrate Modulation Equations in Enzyme Analysis
Authors: Walsh Ryan
Published: May 2024

Substrate modulation is the modification of an enzyme’s activity either through inhibition or activation by its substrate. Substrate modulation plays key roles in the functioning of complex biological systems, such as the regulation of acetylcholine, where the two cholinesterases with opposite substrate regulatory mechanisms exist to control acetylcholine’s concentration and distribution throughout the body. The importance of these systems is generally ignored in therapeutic development due to a lack of appropriate models for inhibitor interactions with enzymes that are modulated by their substrate. Here we will examine the most prevalent equation used to describe substrate modulation and by rearranging it we will demonstrate the ease with which it can be modified to model inhibitor or activator effects. In so doing we will establish an easy method for deriving the rearranged equation, providing an expandable framework for deriving equations with unlimited substrate modulation terms.
Foreign Direct Investment and Domestic Private Investment in WAEMU Countries: Crowding-in or Crowding-out?
Authors: Mano Hahandou
Published: May 2024

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a particularly attractive prospect for WAEMU countries, which are constantly integrating it into their development policies. However, studies on the relationship between FDI and private domestic investment (PDI) come to contradictory conclusions. This article focused on the effect of FDI on private domestic investment over the period 1996 to 2018. The results validated the presence of cross-country dependence. The article uses Common Correlated Effect-Mean Group (CCE-MG) as the analytical technique for this purpose. The results are consistent with the “crowding-out” hypothesis of FDI on PDI.
The Impact of Non-Tariff Measures on the Exporting of Agricultural Products of Cambodia
Authors: Lim Siphat
Published: May 2024

The production and exporting of agricultural products were considered one of the most important roles of the Cambodian people. In the free trade world, tariff measures were not determined to be the main obstacle to moving products from one country to worldwide, but non-tariff measures, NTMs, were defined to be the main problem nowadays. An empirical investigation using the gravity model with four classes of NTMs: SPS, TBT, PSI, and NTB was carried out to assess the impact of Cambodia’s exported agricultural products abroad. In order to generate robust standard errors for hypothesis testing, the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimation method was combined with the bootstrapping technique. The results of this research supported the gravity model hypothesis, however, SPS and PSI were negatively affecting Cambodia’s exporting at significant levels of 10 percent and 1 percent, respectively, while the TBT measure had a positive influence on trade at a level of significant of 1 percent. In contrast, the NTB class had no significant impact on exports.
Ownership Structures, Executive Compensation and Tax Aggressiveness in Indonesia Mining and Plantation Companies: The Moderating Effect of Audit Quality
Authors: Kartadjumena Eriana , Nuryaman Nuryaman
Published: May 2024

This study examines how the ownership structure, executive compensation, and audit quality interact to influence tax aggressiveness in Indonesian mining and plantation companies. The proxy for ownership structures is institutional and family ownership, and the proxy for executive compensation is the total salary of directors per year. Meanwhile, the proxy for tax aggressiveness uses the cash effective tax rate, and audit quality is proxied by the Big Four audit firms. Research data were taken from the 233 annual reports of 47 mining and plantation companies that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2018–2022. The data were analyzed by a panel data regression technique. The results show that both institutional and family ownership have a significant positive effect on tax aggressiveness. While executive compensation has not influenced tax aggressiveness. Moreover, audit quality has a positive moderating effect on the negative relationship between family ownership and the cash effective tax rate. High-quality auditors can restrain family shareholders' ability to take aggressive tax positions. However, audit quality could not interact to influence the relationship between institutional ownership or executive compensation and tax aggressiveness.
Modeling the Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Islamic Insurance Adoption: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis
Authors: Chetioui Youssef , El Bouchikhi Yassine , Lebdaoui Hind , Ennassiri Meryem , Jannah Hanane , Yunsi Ghita , Zhar Imane , Ghamas Ayoub
Published: May 2024

While Islamic banking products have exhibited substantial growth in a number of Muslim countries, their market share remains restricted in others (i.e., Morocco). The current research aims to elucidate the key drivers of Islamic insurance (Takaful) adoption among Moroccan banking consumers. To achieve this goal, we propose and assess an integrated conceptual framework combining the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Diffusion of Innovation theory (DOI), and other constructs borrowed from prior literature (i.e., Religiosity). Through an online self-administered questionnaire, data was collected from 204 Moroccan respondents and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. Our findings reveal that while comparative advantage, religiosity and attitude positively influence respondents’ behavioral intention toward Takaful adoption, perceived complexity had a negative impact on takaful adoption.  This research is among the first to evaluate the antecedents of behavioral intention towards Islamic insurance (Takaful) following its recent introduction to the Moroccan Market. Ultimately, it presents an important contribution to the limited literature on banking consumers’ perceptions of Islamic banking products in a market where Islamic banks are still at an infancy stage.
Taxation and Consumers’ Spending Patterns in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Error Correction Model Approach
Authors: James David , Omodero Cordelia Onyinyechi , Nwobodo Helen , Odhigu Festus Onosakponome , Adeyemo Kingsley Aderemi
Published: May 2024

This study evaluates the effects of personal income tax and consumption tax on the spending system of consumers in Nigeria. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model has been employed for the co-integration test. The research additionally employs the Error Correction Model (ECM) to assess the pace at which any divergence from the long run equilibrium can return to normal in the current period. The findings show that Value added tax has an insignificant impact on purchasing power of consumers in both the short and long intervals. However, personal income tax and exchange rate exert substantial positive effect on consumer spending power in the long run but not in the short run. At the 1% level, the ECT coefficient is shown to be significant and unfavourable. This demonstrates a pretty slow convergence rate, with the model pushing itself towards equilibrium by 37% each year. The consequence is that any disequilibrium caused by shocks from the previous year requires 37% adjustment speed to return to long-run equilibrium in the current year. There have been several studies on how consumption tax affects households’ welfare without considering the effects of income tax and ever fluctuating exchange rate alongside these whole scenarios. This study puts all of these issues into consideration and contributes meaningfully to the existing literature that personal income tax is an integral part of the factors that affect households’ spending capacity. The study recommends that proper tax policy to enhance consumers’ spending capacity.
Az álhírekkel kapcsolatos informálás és az oltakozás közötti összefüggések empirikus vizsgálata
Authors: Molnár Ákos Ádám
Published: May 2024

2019. decemberben Vuhanban jelent meg a napjainkra már mindenki által ismert és azóta világjárvánnyá nyilvánított Covid–19. A vírussal együtt azonban felerősödtek az álhírek és az ezzel kapcsolatos dezinformálás. Az álhírek és azok terjedése több csatornán is meg tud valósulni, azonban napjainkban ez a legerőteljesebben az online térben történik. 2020 tavaszán a World Health Organization az „infodemic” kifejezéssel, azaz amikor túl sok információ, köztük rengeteg megtévesztő jelenik meg egy járvánnyal kapcsolatban, mutatott rá, hogy nemcsak a vírus, de a vele kapcsolatos dezinformáció, vagyis félreinformálás is ugyanolyan mértékben terjed a világon. Jelenleg még mindig ebben a korszakban élünk, a „post truth” árnyékában, amikor a különböző híreket gyakrabban hisszük el az érzelmi töltöttségük alapján, mintsem valóságtartalmuk vagy forrásuk alapján, jelentősen befolyásolva a társadalom informáltságát. Kutatásom fő célja a koronavírussal kapcsolatos álhírek és érzelmek vizsgálata. Ezen belül az álhírek fajtáit, terjedését és hallgatóságra tett hatásait vizsgáltam. Online felületeken végzett kulcsszóelemzést alkalmazva az álhírek terjedését, annak ütemét és miértjét kutattam. Továbbá kérdőíves elemzést alkalmazva vizsgáltam a világjárvánnyal kapcsolatos álhírek elfogadását, illetve az aggodalmat, fenyegetettséget és fogékonyságot – utóbbi hármat összesítve észlelések néven elemeztem. A kapott adatokat később különböző statisztikai módszerekkel vizsgáltam az IBM SPSS nevű programban. Az adatok alapján megállapítottam, hogy a vakcinákkal kapcsolatos álhírek kivételével, azok a Covid–19-cel kapcsolatos álhírek, amelyek a vírus megjelenésekor voltak a legnépszerűbbek, az első hullám idején voltak a legelterjedtebbek, szemben a többivel. Bebizonyítottam, hogy a vírus ellen megalkotott ellenanyagok megjelenésével és tömeges használatával az álhírek online megjelenése ismét megerősödött. Statisztikai elemzés során bebizonyítottam, hogy az álhírekben való hiszékenység alapján képzett csoportok összefüggést mutatnak a vírussal kapcsolatos érzékeléseikkel. Megállapítottam, hogy a különböző álhírekre adott válaszok összefüggenek az adott személyek oltakozási hajlandóságával.