bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTER KEILMUAN ISLAM DI PESISIR UTARA DAN PEDALAMAN JAWA TENGAH, NUSANTARA ABAD KE 15-17
Authors: WATI ISMA
Published: January 2021

Awal penyebaran keilmuan Islam di pesisir utara dan pedalaman Jawa Tengah memiliki rentang waktu berbeda. Di pesisir utara ma­sya­rakat menerima penyebaran lebih dahulu dibanding daerah pedalaman. Hal ini meng­akibat­kan perbedaan tingkat pemahaman di antara dua entitas masyarakat tersebut. Peng­ajaran agama di pesisir utara didahului dengan pengajaran membaca al-Qur’an sebagai elemen penting dalam praktik keagamaan, dilanjutkan membaca dan menulis huruf Arab di rumah-rumah atau di mushalla. Anak-anak muda me­lan­jutkan belajar pengetahuan yang tingkatnya lebih tinggi, berupa naskah klasik berbahasa Arab dan tarekat Syattariyah. Karakter ke­il­muan Islam di pesisir utara Jawa Tengah mem­per­li­hatkan corak legalistik dan menjaga dari aspek mistisisme yang menye­sat­kan. Sementara di daerah pedalaman Jawa Tengah pengajaran ke­ilmuan Islam menekan­kan aspek tarekat yang bercorak heterodoks. Ke­ilmuan ini bermula dari ajaran Syaikh Siti Jenar dan pengaruh Hindu yang lama berakar pada masyarakat Jawa, sehingga keilmuan Islam berkarakter kurang memperhatikan aspek legalistik.
BEDIUZZAMAN SAID NURSI’S METHODOLOGY IN THE DISCOURSE OF MORAL EDUCATION IN HIS THEMATIC EXEGESIS, RASĀ’IL AL-NŪR
Authors: Muflih Betania Kartika
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This work investigates the approach used by Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi in the discourse on Islamic morality, and to understand his lively scriptural approach to the moral values in which it makes one’s life meaningful and purposeful. This work is aimed to highlight distinctive aspects and features of his approach and methodology used in his Qur’anic exegesis, Rasail al-Nur, which relate to the moral education. It discusses the background, the reason and the purpose behind Imam Bediuzzaman’s approach to the issue at hand. It is also important to note down that his writing is not the result of a merely intellectual enterprise, but also the living answers to problems he has personally experienced. The thesis follows library and textual analysis to address the main problematic. Hence, it concludes that it is necessary to situate Imam Bediuzzaman’s work within the context of Tauhid (Divine Unity) framework, which constitutes the background of his entire system of thought. Indeed, Imam Bediuzzaman’s approach provides a scaffold for a profound understanding and interpretation of the concept of morality and its impact on one’s life and social fabric. Abstrak: Karya ini menginvestigasi pendekatan yang digunakan oleh Imam Bediuzzaman Said Nursi dalam wacana moralitas Islam, dan untuk memahami pendekatan kitab sucinya yang cemerlang terhadap nilai-nilai moral yang membuat kehidupan seseorang bermakna dan bermanfaat. Karya ini juga dimaksudkan untuk menyoroti aspek yang khas dan berbeda dari pendekatan dan metodologi yang digunakannya dalam penafsiran al-Quran, Rasā’il al-Nūr, yang dikaitkan dengan pendidikan moral. Di sini akan dibahas tentang latar belakang, alasan dan tujuan dibalik pendekatan Imam Bediuzzaman terhadap isu tersebut. Juga, penting dicatat bahwa tulisannya bukanlah hasil dari keberanian intelektual semata-mata, melainkan jiga jawaban-jawaban langsung terhadap persoalan-persoalan yang dialaminya secara pribadi. Tesis ini mengikuti analisis pustaka dan tekstual yang difokuskan pada problematika utama. Karena itu, penting utuk menempatkan karya Imam Bediuzzaman dalam konteks kerangka Tauhid, yang merupakan latar belakang dari seluruh sistem pemikirannya. Memang, pendekatan Imam Bediuzzaman menyediakan sebuah penopang untuk sebuah pemahaman dan interpretasi yang mendalam terhadap konsep moralitas dan pengaruhnya bagi kehidupan dan sistem sosial. Keywords: the Qur’an, Rasā’il al-Nūr, New Said, moral education, and jihād.
FUNGSIONALISASI TEORI PENGANULIRAN (NASKH) DALAM TAFSIR AL-QURAN DAN HUKUM ISLAM: Sebuah Catatan Kritis
Authors: Wardani Wardani
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The commonly accepted assumption among Muslim scholars is that the abrogation (naskh) theory is regarded as method necessary for interpreting the Qur’ān and for law-making. This article is aimed to explore how it has been used to support ideological interest. At the beginning, some traditions, which are contradictory to each other, ascribed to ‘Alī bin Abī Ṭālib, for instance, which supports the importance of knowledge on naskh should be categorized as unreliable ones. The traditions have been distorted and interpreted in different context to argue for the importance. In wide range of the abuse, the naskh has been used to interpret some ambiguous verses, such as what Aḥmad Al-Baḥrānī, a Shiite scholar, done to set up his own theological belief. Meanwhile, the Muslim jurists have applied it as a method of making of law decision. ‘Abdullah al-Karkhi (w. 340 H), a Hanafite scholar, for instance, used it to attack against legal opinions of non-Hanafite scholars. Since al-Shafi‘is era till contemporary time, the naskh has been regarded as a method of developing Islamic law, of course, in different contexts and trends. Abstrak: Asumsi umum yang sudah diterima di kalangan sarjana Muslim adalah bahwa teori naskh dianggap sebagai perlu yang perlu untuk menafsirkan al-Quran dan untuk penentuan hukum. Artikel ini dimaksudkan untu mengekplorasi bagaimana ia digunakan untuk mendukung kepentingan ideologis. Pada mulanya, beberapa hadis, yang saling bertentangan satu sama lain, yang dianggap bersumber dari ‘Al ī bin Abī Ṭālib, misalnya, yang mendukung pentingnya ilmu pengetahuan tentang naskh harus dikategorikan sebagai yang tidak dapat dipercaya. Hadis-hadis yang terdistorsi dan ditafsirkan dalam konteks yang berbeda untuk membuktikan kepentingan tersebut. Dalam deretan penyalahgunaan, naskh digunakan untuk menafsirkan beberapa ayat yang ambigu, seperti yang dilakukan oleh Aḥmad al-Baḥrānī , seorang ulama Syi‘ah, dalam seperangkat kepercayaan teologis. Sementara itu, para ahli hukum telah menerapkan ini sebagai sebuah metode dalam menentukan hukum. ‘Abdullah al-Karkhi (w. 340 H), seorang bermazhab Ḥanafī, misalnya, menggunakannya untuk menyerang pendapat-pendapat hukum dari mazhab-mazhab non- Ḥanaf ī. Sejak era Syāfi’ī hingga masa kontemporer, naskh telah dianggap sebagai sebuah metode membangun hukum Islam, tentu saja, dalam trend dan konteks yang berbeda. Kata-kata Kunci: abrogation (naskh), abrogating verse (nāsikh), abrogated verse (mansūkh)
PEMIKIRAN DAN KONTRIBUSI MUḤAMMAD MUṢṬAFĀ AL-A‘ẒAMĪ DALAM STUDI HADIS
Authors: Farida Umma
Published: January 2021

Abstract: It is interesting to study al-A‘ẓamī’s effort in proving the authenticity of hadiths scientifically through the thoughts in his works and his contribution in the study of hadith. Therefore, this study aimed to examine further al-A‘ẓamī’s thoughts and contributions given in the study of hadith, as well as the defense of the critique of the islamicist and muslim thinkers. This study was a research library with a qualitative approach, whereas the method of data collection used was the method of documentation, then the data was analyzed descriptively and critically. The results of this study found that the contributions made by al-A‘ẓamī in the study of hadith are: (1) to show the evidence that the writing of hadith had been made since the time of the Prophet. It was proven by the existence of at least 52 friends who had the documentation of the hadith texts, as well as to clarify and add at least 21 names of friends who had been the secretaries of the Prophet of Allah and had never been revealed by the previous hadith scholar. (2) to describe the 20 arguments showing that the term samā‘ and taḥdīṡ that were not only used for verbal delivery but also for dictating, receiving, and teaching the hadith in written medium. (3) to proove the validity of the isnād through his study of three hadith narrated by hundreds of people in many different areas, (4) to strengthen and develop the ideas of the muḥaddiṡīn through systematic steps to test the hadith critique, including research on the character of the narrators, cross comparison or mu‘āraḍah, and critique of reason. Abstrak: Studi ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan pemikiran dan kontribusi al-A‘ẓamī dalam studi hadis, serta pertahanan dari kritik yang berasal dari Islamis dan pemikir Muslim. Studi juga merupakan riset kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif, sedangkan metode koleksi data yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi, selanjutnya data tersebut dianalisis secara deskriptip dan kritis. Hasil dari studi ini menemukan bahwa kontribusi yang dilakukan oleh al-A‘ẓami dalam studi hadis adalah: (1) untuk menunjukkan bukti bahwa penulisan hadis dilakukan sejak masa Nabi. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan keberadaan sedikitnya 52 sahabat yang mempunyai dokumentasi teks-teks hadis, dan juga untuk mengklarifikasi dan menambahkan sedikitnya 21 nama yang menjadi sekretaris Nabi Allah dan tidak pernah dimunculkan oleh para ulama hadis sebelumnya. (2) untuk menggambarkan 20 argumen yang menunjukkan bahwa istilah samā‘ dan taḥdīṡ tidak hanya digunakan untuk penyampaian verbal tetapi juga untuk mendiktekan, menerima, dan mengajarkan hadis dalam medium tertulis.(3) untuk membuktikan validitas isnād melalui studinya dari tiga hadis yang dinarasikan oleh ratusan orang dalam banyak wilayah yang berbeda. (4) untuk memperkuat dan mengembangkan ide-ide muḥaddiṡīn melalui langkah-langkah sistematis untuk menguji kritik hadis, mencakup penelitian tentang karakter para perawi, perbandingan silang atau mu‘āraḍah, dan kritik nalar. Kata-kata Kunci: Contributions, al-A‘Ẓamī, ḥadīṡ, Islamicist, dan samā‘.
MISTIK SUNAN BONANG
Authors: Ulfah Rokhmah
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article will explain the mystical teachings of Sunan Bonang. He is a member of the Board Walisongo, which has a major role in the process of Islamization in Java. In preaching Islam, he is not only a cultural approach, but by creating songs and gending; he is also very closely related to the mystical teachings. In a mystical concept, humans must do the cleaning him self well so that it can unite with God. Mystical of Sunan Bonang can not classified as pantheism, but rather based on the Shari'a. He emphatically stated that there was separation between God and man, not fused together so that it difficult to separate between them. His teachings are very common among Walisogo which is to up hold the Sufism teachings of Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā’ah. Abstrak: Artikel ini akan menguraikan ajaran mistik Sunan Bonang. Ia adalah salah satu anggota Dewan Walisongo, yang memiliki peran besar dalam proses islamisasi di Jawa. Iatidak hanya melakukan pendekatan kultural, menciptakan tembang dan gending-gending, tetapi ia juga sangat lekat dengan ajaran mistiknya. Dalam konsep mistiknya, manusia harus melakukan pembersihan diri dengan baik sehingga bisa bersatu dengan Tuhan. Mistik Sunan Bonang bukan tergolong pantheisme, tetapi lebih berdasarkan pada syariat. Ia dengan tegas menyatakan adanya pemisah antara Tuhan dan manusia, bukan lebur menjadi satu sehingga sulit memisahkan antara keduanya. Ajaran seperti ini sudah sangat umum di kalangan Walisogo yang memang memegang teguh ajaran tasawuf Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā’ah. Keywords: Mistik, Pantheisme, Syariat, Tuhan, Walisongo.
RELASI CINTA DALAM TASAWUF
Authors: Suwito Suwito
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article discusses the relationship of love in the Sufi perspective. Opositorum Coindencia theory is used to dissect this relationṢip , so that the devil Sufism is seen as a "sparring partner" in human spiritual quality improvement activities. This article shows that the Sufi tradition mainly in Waḥdah al-Wujūd, using imaginal thinking mindset see and understand the duality (bipolar), even though this diversity is unity of opposites. In the context of Sufi, masculinity—whichstated that the dominant sociological—declared substantially have "weaknesses." Because masculinity will not appear if there is no femininity. While in the context of the birth of the universe and the form of anything that is in fact born out of the urge of love that goes on this feminine category. In other words, masculinity will not be born if it is not driven by the feminine aspect. This is the "mystery of immense power" aspect of femininity in Sufi discourse. Thus, there is nothing more superiority between these two aspects. Relation is equal based on and effect of love. Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang relasi cinta dalam perspektif Sufi. Teori Coindencia Opositorum dipakai untuk membedah relasi ini, sehingga dalam Sufisme setan dipandang sebagai “sparing partner” manusia dalam melakukan kegiatan peningkatan kualitas ruhani. Artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa tradisi sufi terutama dalam tasawuf waḥdat al-wujūd, dengan menggunakan pola pikir imaginal thinking melihat dan memahami dualitas (bipolar), bahkan keragaman sekalipun ini adalah unity of opposites. Dalam konteks sufi, maskulinitas—yang dinyatakan yang secara sosiologis dinyatakan dominan itu— secara substansial memiliki “kelemahan”. Karena maskulinitas tidak akan muncul jika tidak ada femininitas. Sementara dalam konteks lahirnya wujud semesta dan apapun yang ada justru lahir karena dorongan cinta yang masuk pada kategori feminin ini. Dengan kata lain, maskulinitas tidak akan lahir jika tidak didorong oleh aspek feminin. Inilah “misteri kekuatan dahsyat” aspek femininitas dalam wacana sufi. Dengan demikian, tidak ada yang lebih superioritas antara dua aspek ini.Relasinya adalah setara berdasar dan akibat dari cinta. Keywords: Waḥdah al-Wujūd, sufi, feminitas, maskulini¬tas, ḥubb.
GERAKAN PEMBARUAN TASAWUF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Al-Kumayi Sulaiman
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This article aims to elaborate on Sufism reform movement in Indonesia. There former of Islam in Indonesia realize that Sufism is an integral part of Islam, therefore they are not hostile to Sufism, but tends to purify the Sufism of deviant practices. Irregularities which they saw in the midst of the Muslim community but claimed as part of Sufism must be cleaned. Sufism must be free of elements of heresy or shirk that could tarnish the purity of Islam. In this article, the author presents the figure of Hamka as a representation of Sufism reform movement in Indonesia. Although Hamka very appreciative, even followers of Sufism, he was never affiliated to the sufi order schools anywhere in the world.He also never made a separate congregation flow, as was common in the realm of the sufi order. Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi gerakan pembaruan tasawuf di Indonesia. Para pembaru Islam di Indonesia menyadari bahwa tasawuf merupakan bagian integral dalam Islam, karena itu mereka tidak memusuhi tasawuf, tetapi cenderung untuk memurnikan tasawuf dari praktik-praktik yang menyimpang. Penyimpangan yang mereka lihat di tengah-tengah masyarakat Muslim tetapi diklaim sebagai bagian dari ajaran tasawuf haruslah dibersihkan. Tasawuf harus terbebas dari unsur-unsur bid’ah atau syirik yang dapat menodai kemurnian ajaran Islam. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menyajikan sosok Hamka sebagai representasi dari gerakan pembaruan tasawuf di Indonesia. Sekalipun Hamka sangat apresiatif, bahkan pengamal tasawuf, ia tidak pernah berafiliasi ke aliran tarekat mana pun di dunia ini. Ia juga tidak pernah membuat aliran tarekat tersendiri, sebagaimana lazimnya dalam dunia tarekat. Keywords: neo-sufisme, bid’ah, al-Quran, al-Sunnah, tarekat.
ILMU ḤUḌŪRĪ Khazanah Epistemologi Islam
Authors: Saidurrahman Saidurrahman
Published: January 2021

Abstract: Knowledge of the presence (ḥuḍūrī) with mystical experience as describe above is deemed the most popular models of knowledge in Islamic philosophy at the same coloring methodology and epistemology of Islam. Through logical arguments, semantic analysis and epistemo¬logy sharp Suhrawardī considered very successfully demonstrate authenticity huduri science as a science model of non-representational. Among the classical epistemological problems that have not been resolved until now -but able to be dissected in clear and distinct- is about the relationship of subject and object of knowledge, that is the problem more acute in modern Western philosophy. What is interesting is when when to review the issues very carefully and consistently Mehdi directing and bringing the students (who interest in Islamic philosophy) into the recesses of the inner world and the dialogue with the depth of their own existence. It is undeniable that Ha'iri Mehdi Yazdi take existentialist philosophy illumination Suhrawardī and MullaṢadrā as a main reference, as he learned the lesson of Plato, Aristotle, Plotinus, Ibn Sīnā, and al-Ṭūsī, citing the idea of a number of Western philosophers were actually familiar with the science huduri that he wanted to offer. However unique, he expertly directs their ideas to the conclusion that it is inevitable for us to acknowledge the existence of non - phenomenal knowledge. Abstrak:Pengetahuan dengan kehadiran (ḥuḍūrī) dibarengai pengalaman mistik seperti yang paprkan diatas dipandang model pengetahuan yang paling populer dalam filsafat Islam sekaligus mewarnai metodologi dan epistemologi Islam. Melalui argumen-argumen logis, analisis semantik dan epistemologi yang tajam Suhrawardī dipandang sangat berhasil mendemonstrasikan keautentikan ilmu huduri sebagai sebuah model ilmu non-representasional. Diantara problem-problem klasik episte-mologis yang belum terselesaikan hingga kini—tetapi mampu dibedah secara clear dan distink—adalah tentang hubungan subjek dan objek pengetahuan, yang problemnya makin akut dalam filsafat Barat modern. Yang menarik adalah ketika ketika mengulas masalah-masalah itu Mehdi sangat cermat dan konsisten mengarahkan dan membawa para murid-muridnya (peminat filsafat Islam) memasuki relung-relung dunia batin dan berdialog dengan kedalaman eksistensi mereka sendiri. Tak dapat dipungkiri bahwa Mehdi Ha’iri Yazdi mengambil filsafat iluminasi Suhrawardī dan eksistensialis MullaṢadrā sebagai acuan utamanya, seraya memetik pelajaran dari Plato, aristoteles, Plotinus, Ibn Sīnā, dan al-Ṭūsī, mengutip gagasan sejumlah filosof Barat yang sebetulnya asing dengan ilmu ḥuḍūrī yang hendak ia tawarkan. Akan tetapi uniknya, dengan piawai ia mengarahkan gagasan-gagasan mereka kepada penarik¬an kesimpulan bahwa adalah tak terelakkan bagi kita untuk mengakui eksistensi pengetahuan non-fenomenal itu. Keywords: ilmu ḥuḍūrī, khazanah, epistemologi, cogito ergo sum, atheisme.
ETIKA KEILMUAN: Sebuah Kajian Filsafat Ilmu
Authors: Sya'roni Mokh
Published: January 2021

Abstract:Scientific knowledge is knowledge which it self has acritical characteristic, rational, logical, objective and open. This is a must for a scientist to do so. But it is also a fundamental problem faced by scientist safter he built a strongsturdy building is theusability of sciences for human life. It cannot bedenied that science has brought people to wards a big change, but can science which is solid, strong, and fundamental to save human, or vice versa. Here is lies there sponsibility of a scientist. The development of science as science axiology embodiment requires properethicalvision to be applied. Man with science will be able to do anything they want, but consideration not only on what can bed one by humans. Which is more important in this context is the need for ethical consideration of what to do with the purpose of human kindness. Abstrak: Pengetahuan ilmiah adalah pengetahuan yang di dalam dirinya memiliki karakteristik kritis, rasional, logis, objektif dan terbuka. Hal ini merupakan suatu keharusan bagi seorang ilmuwan untuk melakukannya. Namun selain itu juga masalah yang mendasar yang dihadapi ilmuwan setelah ia membangun suatu bangunan yang kokoh kuat adalah masalah kegunaan ilmu bagi kehidupan manusia. Memang tak dapat disangkal bahwa ilmu telah membawa manusia ke arah perubahan yang cukup besar, tetapi dapatkah ilmu yang kokoh, kuat, dan mendasar itu menjadi penyelamat manusia bukan sebaliknya.Di sinilah letak tanggung jawab seorang ilmuwan. Pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan sebagai perwujudan aksiologi ilmu mengharuskan visi etik yang tepat untuk diaplikasikan. Manusia dengan ilmu pengetahuan akan mampu berbuat apa saja yang diinginkan, namun pertimbangannya tidak hanya pada apa yang dapat diperbuat oleh manusia. Yang lebih penting pada konteks ini adalah perlunya pertimbangan etik apa yang harus dilakukan dengan tujuan kebaikan manusia. Keywords: al-Quran, etika Islam, estetika, metaetika, ilmu.
PEMIKIRAN TEOLOGI FAZLUR RAHMAN
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The development of Islamic modern theology becomes moral obligation for us which live as the biggest Moslem in the world. Fazlur Rahman laid stress on his discussion on the problem of God as the funnctional existence, the Quran as moral source and value, and the prophecy as concrete evidence of Allah’s affection, and the human as the creature to be responsibility for. Similarly he discussed on the universe to be processed, satan as as test for mankind, and the hereafter life as the place for mankind liability. All themes were discussed in a discourse which for specific boundaries show the dynamic. Acccording to Rahman there are some problems of theology if they related to ethic in the Quran.It is not perfect discussion that can be carried out except if we willing to end with disclosure of all the contents of Quran. Having relation to this issue, he offered to read the Quran with the Quran itself. Abstrak: Pengembangan pemikiran teologi modern Islam semakin terasa menjadi kewajiban moral kita yang hidup sebagai bangsa muslim terbesar di muka bumi ini. Fazlur Rahman menitik beratkan bahasannya sekitar persoalan tuhan sebagai eksistensi yang fungsional, al-Quransebagai sumber dan nilai moral, dan kenabian sebagai bukti kongkrit kepengasihan Allah, serta manusia sebagai mahluk yang ber¬tanggung jawab. Demikian pula ia mengangkat bahasan alam semesta untuk diolah, setan sebagai ujian bagi manusia, serta kehidupan akhirat sebagai tempat pertanggung jawaban manusia. Semua tema tersebut dibahas dalam satu wacana yang sampai batas-batas tertentu benar-benar menunjukkan dinamika. Begitu banyak menurut Rahman yang bisa kita bicarakan mengenai teologi jika dikaitkan dengan etika dalam al-Qur’an. Suatu pembicaraan yang sempurna tidak akan dapat dilakukan, kecuali kalau kita bersedia berakhir dengan pengungkapan seluruh isi kitab itu sendiri. Berkenaan dengan ini, Dan itupun tidak juga mungkin kecuali dalam bentuk membaca al-Quranitu sendiri, dan membiarkan kitab suci itu bicara sendiri. Fazlur Rahman pun gemar membuat pernyataan semacam itu. Keywords: teologi modern, nilai moral, Tuhan, al-Quran, setan, akhirat.
KIDUNG RUMEKSA ING WENGI KARYA SUNAN KALIJAGA DALAM KAJIAN TEOLOGIS
Authors: Sakdullah Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: this article aim to explore of Kidung Rumeksa Ing Wengi that written by Sunan Kalijaga, one of Walisongo members (the nine saints) at Java. In this Kidung, Sunan Kalijaga discussed on the dangerof night which came from genie (jin), satan, and man. To ward off the danger, he advocated Muslims to read it at night. For this reason, for Moslem Javaneseespecially, this Kidung is recognized the most sacral and they always read it every night to get the protection from God. Abstrak: artikel ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi Kidung Rumeksa Ing Wengi yang ditulis oleh Sunan Kalijaga, salah satu anggota dari Walisongo (sembilan wali) di Jawa. Dalam Kidung ini, Sunan Kalijaga membahas tentang bahaya malam hari yang berasal dari jin, setan, dan manusia. Untuk menangkal bahaya tersebut, iamenganjurkan umat Islam untuk membacanya pada malam hari. Untuk alasan ini, bagi Muslim Jawa khususnya, Kidung ini sangat sakral dan mereka selalu membacanya setiap malam untuk mem¬peroleh perlindungan dari Tuhan. Keywords: Sunan Kalijaga, Sunan Bonang, Ahlu al-Sunnah wa al-Jamā`ah, Tuhan, manusia.
On the qualitative properties of the solution of a nonlinear boundary value problem in the dynamic theory of p-adic strings
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Khachatryan Khachatur A. ,   Yerevan State University,   National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, Petrosyan Haykanush S. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Armenian National Agrarian University
Published: January 2021

The article considers a boundary value problem for a class of singular integral equations with an almost total-difference kernel and convex nonlinearity on the positive half-line. This problem arises in the dynamic theory of p-adic open-closed strings. It is proved that any nonnegative and bounded solution of a given boundary value problem is a continuous function and the difference between the limit and the solution is itself an integrable function on the positive half-line. For a particular case, it is proved that the solution is a monotonically non-decreasing function. A uniqueness theorem is established in the class of nonnegative and bounded functions. At the conclusion of the article, a specific applied example of this boundary problem is given.
Sprinkler droplet impact angle affects shear stress distribution on soil surface – a case study of a ball-driven sprinkler
Authors: Hui Xin , Yan Haijun , Xu Yuncheng , Tan Haibin
Published: January 2021

Droplet shear stress is the main cause of soil erosion under sprinkler irrigation, and the effect of droplet impact angle on the shear stress distribution cannot be ignored. In this study, a ball-driven sprinkler was selected to investigate the radial distributions of droplet impact angles under three operating pressures (0.25, 0.30, and 0.35 MPa) and two nozzle diameters (1.9 and 2.2 mm), which are commonly used in agricultural irrigation. The effect of droplet impact angles on the distances from the sprinkler, droplet impact velocities, and shear stresses were analyzed by a 2DVD instrument. Irrespective of the nozzle diameter or operating pressure, the droplet velocities and impact angles near the sprinkler were distributed at 1.0–5.5 m s−1 and 70–90°, respectively, and the droplet shear stress increased with the distance from the sprinkler. Suitable operating pressure and distance from the sprinkler significantly reduced the droplet shear stress. Although the nozzle diameter had a certain effect on the maximum shear stress, the overall effect was insignificant. We developed the models for the radial distribution of droplet shear stresses, which were in good agreement with the measurement. This study proposes a new method for accurately predicating the soil erosion under sprinkler irrigation.
Defining the Optimal Threshold Scores for Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) in Clinical and General Population
Authors: Dell’Osso Liliana , Carmassi Claudia , Cremone Ivan Mirko , Muti Dario , Salerni Antonio , Barberi Filippo Maria , Massimetti Enrico , Gesi Camilla , Politi Pierluigi , Aguglia Eugenio , Maj Mario , Carpita Barbara
Published: January 2021

Background:

The Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum (AdAS Spectrum) is a recently developed instrument tailored to assess the broad range of full-threshold as well as sub-threshold manifestations related to the autism spectrum. Although it has proved to be a valuable instrument for quantitative assessment of autistic symptoms, the AdAS Spectrum still lacks validated diagnostic thresholds.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to define the best cut-off scores of the AdAS Spectrum for determining the presence of subthreshold autistic traits as well as a clinically significant autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:

Our sample was composed of 39 patients with full-blown ASD, 73 subjects with autistic traits, and 150 healthy controls. Subjects were evaluated by trained psychiatrists, who performed a clinical diagnosis according to DSM-5 and then assessed with the AdAS Spectrum and the Autism Spectrum Quotient.

Results:

Our results showed that the most discriminant cut-off scores were 70 for identifying subjects with full-blown ASD, and 43 for determining the presence of significant autistic traits.

Conclusion:

The threshold values proposed here showed satisfying levels of specificity and sensibility, as well as a good agreement with the diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria, confirming the validity of the AdAS Spectrum as a psychometric tool for measuring ASD-related conditions in the clinical and general population.
Investigating the Effect of Different Metal Sheets on Reducing Radiation Behind Intraoral Digital Phosphor Plates During Intraoral Radiography using Gray Value
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mojdeh , Tavakoli Mohammad Bagher , Moghaddam Farida Ghazanfari
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To assess the efficacy of metal sheets with different thicknesses on reducing the radiation behind the photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP) during intraoral periapical examinations.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, a phantom head was used to investigate the effect of using metal sheets of aluminum, stainless steel, and copper with three thicknesses of 0.5, 0.75 and 1mm on reducing the radiation behind PSP. Images were acquired at 66 kVp 8 mA, and 0.16 s using the long-cone paralleling technique. The images were saved and exported to DICOM format without any post-processing. Then, they were transferred to an image processing software (Mimics, Materialize, Leuven, Belgium), and their mean gray values (MGV) were determined. The acquired data were statically analyzed for accessing the significant difference in groups means using ANOVA, and the means of groups were compared using Tukey’s test procedure.

Results:

The MGV of the second PSP differed significantly from those PSPs slotted with various metals (p<0.001). The MGV for lead and stainless steel at 0.5 mm thickness was insignificant (p = 0.852), but differed significantly from other metals. The MGV for PSPs with 0.75 mm stainless steel and 1 mm copper slots were varied significantly from those of all other PSP and metals. The 1 mm copper group was significantly different from all other groups (p<0.001).

Conclusion:

Using the mean gray value of the PSP, the use of various metal sheets of different thicknesses could effectively reduce the radiation behind the PSPs during periapical radiographs.
Splinting of the Anterior Maxillary Teeth Using Glass-Ceramic Materials: A Case Report
Authors: Roussou Vasilliki , Pachiou Aspasia , Kourtis Stefanos
Published: January 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to present the technique of splinting anterior maxillary teeth using heat-pressed glass-ceramic material in a clinical case with long-term follow-up.

Clinical Considerations:

Various materials, including fiber-reinforced tapes, glass fibers, composite resin, and partial coverage metal frameworks, have been used as splinting materials with encouraging clinical results.

Conclusion:

As shown in the presented case, glass-ceramic heat-pressing materials can be used successfully for the splinting of anterior teeth.
Antifungal Effectiveness between Tricalcium Silicate-White Portland Cements Added Bi2O3 and Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Against Candida albicans
Authors: Nurdin Denny , Sari Maulidia Indah , Adang Rahmi Alma Farah , Primathena Indra , Cahyanto Arief
Published: January 2021

Background

Candida albicans is the most dominant fungus found in root canal reinfection cases. This microorganism can withstand extreme pH, low oxygen levels, lack of nutrients, and penetrate the dentinal tubules so that it can resist the intracanal medicament. Root canal cement helps prevent microorganisms and causing root canal reinfection. MTA is one of the root canals cement which is widely used and has an excellent antifungal activity, but it is less beneficial economically. Tricalcium silicate-white Portland cement (WPC) has a similar main composition as MTA, except there is no Bi2O3 content that functions as a radiopacifier.

Objectives:

To fabricate a mixture of tricalcium silicate-WPC with Bi2O3 through a simple solution method and investigate antifungal activity's effectiveness between tricalcium silicate-WPC added Bi2O3 and MTA to C. albicans.

Materials and Methods:

The 80 g of tricalcium silicate-WPC was mixed with 20 g of Bi2O3 through the simple solution method using 99.9% isopropanol as a solution. This sample solution is stirred until homogeneous, then centrifuged. The precipitate was dried until a dry powder was obtained. The powder was analyzed using X-Ray fluorescence spectrometry to identify its chemical composition and concentration. A total of 30 samples were divided into two experimental groups of tricalcium silicate-WPC added Bi2O3 and ProRoot MTA. The vials, which contain cement and C. albicans, respectively, were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours and diluted to obtain a suspension 104, 106 (0.5 in McFarland’s nephelometer) and then inoculated with sterile cotton swabs onto Saboroud Dextrose Agar Plates. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. The measurement of colony number of C. albicans was counted by colony counter (CFU/ml).

Results:

The Bi2O3 was revealed in tricalcium silicate-WPC based on XRF characterization, and the antifungal test showed that both materials were effective against C. albicans. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of C. albicans colonies between tricalcium-WPC added Bi2O3 and MTA (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

The mixture of Bi2O3 in tricalcium silicate-WPC was successfully fabricated through a simple solution method, and both samples were effective against the C. albicans.
Management of Membrane Exposure Utilizing Concentrated Growth Factor (CFG) in Guided Bone Regeneration: A Clinical Report
Authors: Alauddin Muhammad Syafiq , Ramli Haslinda
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

This is a clinical case of a healthy woman with a missing upper right central incisor (#8) who requested a permanent prosthetic replacement due to endodontic failure. Clinically, she was presented with thin edentulous ridges and fibrous gingival tissue and minimal or compromised alveolar bone segment on the buccal profile as detected on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Case Report:

The conventional treatment approach is to add pink porcelain; however, rarely does the prosthetic gingiva substitute blend well with the existing oral profile. Therefore,Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) was done instead on #8 using the allograft [RegenOss, Neobiotech] and PTFE membrane. Upon examination, membrane exposure was detected, and the size was found to be increased in follow-up visits. The membrane was replaced with a Concentrated Growth Factor [CGF] and sutured at the site of the defect. After 12 months, a vertical and horizontal bone with adequate soft tissue emergence profile was achieved clinically, radiographically, and digitally. The delayed removal of the exposed membrane provided more time for initial bone regeneration in GBR. The replacement barrier of an exposed membrane using CGF is considered an innovative procedure with the cellular content providing vascularization and regeneration.

Conclusion:

This case concludes that CGF can be a viable alternative material to enhance GBR outcome in replacing exposed membranes.
Physical, Proximate and Sensory Properties of Cake Produced using Shea Butter as Shortening
Authors: Oludolapo A. Osunrinade , Abibat O. Azeez , Kafayat A. Babalola , Yemisi O. Bamisaye
Published: January 2021

Background:

Shea butter is the under-consumed vegetable fat and oil. Making shea butter a part of food components in confectionaries would increase its utilization.

Objective:

In this study, the cake was produced by incorporating shea butter as shortening.

Methods:

Shea butter to margarine ratio was 100: 0, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, and 0:100%, and additional cake samples were produced using flashed shea butter. Standard methods determined the physical and proximate properties of the cake samples, while 25-member panelists did the sensory evaluation. Statistical significance was done at p<0.05. The height, weight, and volume of the cake samples ranged from 3.2 to 3.9 cm, 39 to 50 g, and 625 cm3 to 1026 cm3, respectively. The ranges of moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, and the ash content of cakes were 13.7-17.3, 24.3- 30.7, 4.4-8.6, 43-50, 0.10-1.10, and 2.9-3.9%, respectively. The energy value of cake samples in kcal ranged from 440 to 471.

Results:

There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the height and volume of the cakes produced from 100% shea butter and 100% margarine. The fat, crude fiber, and ash content increase with the increase in Shea butter substitution. There was no significant difference in the taste and appearance of cake samples from 100%, 70%, 60%, and 50% margarine.

Conclusion:

Cake samples produced with 60% margarine and 40% shea butter were the most liked by the consumers. Acceptable cakes can be produced by the inclusion of up to 50% shea butter as part of the shortening.
Description and Validation of Nursing Diagnosis Using Electronic Documentation: Study Cases in Mother and Child Hospital Indonesia
Authors: Hariyati Rr.Tutik Sri , Handiyani Hanny , Rahman Laode Abdul , Afriani Tuti
Published: January 2021

Background:

A nursing diagnosis is a clinical judgment concerning a human response to a health condition, vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community. For the determination of the right nursing diagnosis, a system that guides nurses in implementing care professionally is needed.

Objective:

To describe the nursing diagnosis in mother and child cases validated by using a management nursing information system.

Methods:

This case study used secondary data from 5.294 medical records. Medical records were retrieved from the server, analyzed, and validated by using the mapping model in accordance with the most frequent cases in mothers and children in the hospital. Approximately ten million (10.021) nursing diagnoses were performed by nurses and validated by using a mapping model of medical cases and nursing assessment. The selected medical cases were the five most frequent cases, namely normal delivery, cesarean delivery, healthy newborn, fever, and dengue in children.

Results:

This study yielded the five most frequent nursing diagnoses, namely risk for infection (20.1%), pain (13.37%), anxiety (9.37%), the risk for imbalanced fluid volume (9.36%), and risk for bleeding (9.27%).

Conclusion:

The electronic nursing documentation could help to determine a nursing diagnosis and had been validated for its appropriateness with assessment and the most common cases in mothers and children. Information and system training development are required to carry out the nursing process comprehensively.
Sol-gel Autocombustion Elaboration and Physiochemical Characterizations of Cu2+ Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Hamdi N. , Bessais L. , Belam W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

The copper doped cobalt ferrite series, with nominal formula CuXCo1-XFe2O4(X = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1), has been elaboratedviasol-gel autocombustion process by copper substitution procedure into cobalt ferrite framework.

Methods:

The five synthesized ferrites have been analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, complex impedance spectroscopy and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry.

Results and Discussion:

The analysis of the results allowed to deduce that the cubic spinel basic structure was not modified by the incorporation of copper into the host lattice and the corresponding pure fine powders obtained formed by homogeneous nanoparticles. The highest electrical conductivity value, σDC(373K) = 27.03x10-3S.cm-1, was observed in the case of CuFe2O4.

Conclusion:

Moreover, the superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature has been confirmed by using both ZFC-FC and hysteresis magnetic measurement modes. In addition, the remarkable electrical conductivity and magnetic properties of the five explored nanoferrites, derived from the present investigation, enabled them useful in several modern nanotechnological and biomedical applications.
How Much Do We Know? Assessing Public Knowledge, Awareness, Impact, and Awareness Guidelines for Epilepsy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Musekwa O.P. , Makhado L. , Maphula A. , Mabunda J.T.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Epilepsy misconceptions are widespread; these influence the quality of life of people living with epilepsy (50 million people worldwide) and their families.

Objective:

The review’s objective was to highlight the public knowledge and awareness of epilepsy with an emphasis on its impact, gaps, and available guidelines for public awareness.

Methods:

The search databases included PubMed, EBSCOhost, Google Scholar using keywords, index terms as well as the Boolean search. Twenty-seven studies were included, which yielded three themes and six sub-themes.

Results:

Three themes emerged from the data: knowledge, beliefs, and awareness of epilepsy, the impact of epilepsy, and epilepsy awareness guide. From these themes, six sub-themes were established.

Implications:

Generally, people in Africa continue to hold misconceptions about epilepsy. This study shows that there is a need for further research examining the level of knowledge and awareness held in different contexts to develop a means to educate the general public as it has been revealed that there is generally inadequate knowledge and awareness of epilepsy. Furthermore, this study gathers knowledge that is now accessible as a threshold to much-needed research on epilepsy education, awareness and knowledge in Africa.
The Relevance of Microcystin Monitoring in Dialysis Centers of Sicilians Cities: An Environmental Study
Authors: Zuccarello Pietro , Conti Gea Oliveri , Fiore Maria , Elfio M.G. , Saitta Sonia , Copat Chiara , Cristaldi Antonio , Ferrante Margherita
Published: January 2021

Background:

Sicilian surface basins are among the most important water supply resources available on the island. They are often affected by harmful cyanobacteria blooms as Planktothrix rubescens and Microcystis aeruginosa. Since dialysates are produced using network water, they could contain cyanotoxins. No study has been conducted yet to evaluate the removal efficiency of osmotic systems for cyanotoxins in abnormal conditions at room temperatures of about 40°C. The aim of this study was to monitor the presence of microcystins in Sicilian dialysis center, network waters and, finally, dialysates produced from these waters in an Agrigento dialysis unit where environmental conditions are favorable for algal bloom.

Methods:

This clinic normally receives surface water from artificial basins, where several times, traces of cyanobacteria have been detected. Moreover, dialysates and underground supply waters of a clinic in Catania were also sampled as control. Samplings were performed in summer 2018, when room temperatures were above 38 °C. A total of 40 samples were analyzed by ELISA assay.

Results:

Results of our monitoring highlighted concentrations of MCs in waters of several basins among LOD - 155 ng/L, lower than WHO reference value for drinking waters (1,0 µg/L), that decrease up to undetectable levels whereas no MC contamination was detected both in supply waters and dialysates.

Conclusion:

Although our first set of data outcomes seem to be quite comforting, an improvement of law and a complete census of the water supplies of dialysate centers would be ideal.
The Effect of Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy-guided Technique for Placement of a Left-sided Double-lumen Tube on the Intubation Performance Compared with the Conventional Method Using a Macintosh Laryngoscope
Authors: Lim Jung A. , Kim In-Young , Byun Sung Hye
Published: January 2021

Background:

The accurate placement of the double-lumen endotracheal tube is imperative for effective one-lung ventilation in thoracic surgery. Malpositioning and repositioning of a misplaced tube may cause excessive trauma.

Objective:

We hypothesized that the fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided method for double-lumen endotracheal tube placement would reduce the incidence of malpositioning as compared to the conventional method using the Macintosh laryngoscope.

Methods:

Fifty patients scheduled to undergo elective thoracic surgery were recruited and randomly assigned to the fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided [n=25; Group F] and conventional [n=25; Group C] method groups, according to the method of double-lumen endotracheal tube placement. The primary outcome was the incidence of double-lumen endotracheal tube malpositioning observed under the fiberoptic bronchoscope after initial placement. Secondary outcomes included the times for placement, confirmation, and total procedure of double-lumen endotracheal tube intubation.

Results:

The incidence of malpositioning after initial double-lumen endotracheal tube placement was significantly lower in Group F than in Group C (20.0% vs 68.0%). In addition, the time for placement was significantly higher in Group F than in Group C, and that for confirmation was significantly lower in Group F than in Group C.

Conclusion:

The fiberoptic bronchoscope-guided method for double-lumen endotracheal tube placement can reduce the incidence of malpositioning after initial placement and expedite the intubation process with a double-lumen endotracheal tube in thoracic surgery.
Organizational Learning and Self-Efficacy as the mediators in the Organizational Culture impact on the Employee’s Performance
Authors: Hasan Halid
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the mediating effects of organizational learning and self-efficacy on the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance. The sample consisted of 172 employees of government owned banking institutions in Malang district, Indonesia. Results, using path analysis reveal that all the variables examined positively and significantly affect employee performance. This study found that organizational learning and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between organizational culture and employee performance.
Reaping or Losing Digital Dividend? The Use of Social Media for Enhancing Public Participation: A Literature Review
Authors: Wiraniskala Bella , Sujarwoto Sujarwoto
Published: January 2021

The Internet has made social media a rapidly moving and vigorous domain and has changed the landscape for communications. It has changed different processes and engagement of human interaction and it is becoming hard to separate from people lives. The population of the internet and social media user are growing bigger every day, and so the opportunity for public participation. This study subsequently will identify of how government can take advantage of that digital dividend. To understand the issue, this research used a robust systematic literature review approach. The findings conclude that social media could help citizens to connect online and organize faster for collective action in order to put pressure when government performance does not meet people expectation.
Perubahan Makna serta Benturan Klaim akan Ruang Kota pada Kawasan Taman Kencana Bogor
Authors:   Universitas Indraprasta PGRI, Widyawati Karya , Suryani Nia ,   Universitas Indraprasta PGRI
Published: January 2021

Taman Kencana Bogor be a witness of the development of the city of Bogor from the colonial period as a residential area for researchers and government employees. Since the development of Bogor this area has drastic changes. Utilization of buildings as a place of business has changed the structure of many urban space. In addition, the more famous Taman Kencana as a culinary tourist point in Bogor also gives impact to this place. To reveal the impact of the development of this region, conducted with qualitative data collection, archival research, and interviews and observations on a regular basis. This situation also indicates a relationship of attraction between the interests of the function area as a residential area and culinary tourism, and there was a clash of claims to space.