bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Implementation of a Model Predictive Formation Tracking Control System for Underwater Multiple Small Spherical Robots
Authors: Hou Xihuan , Xing Huiming , Guo Shuxiang , Shi Huimin , Yuan Na
Published: December 2023

Due to the characteristics of good concealment ability and strong mobility, multiple, small spherical underwater robot formations play an important role in near coast defense missions, such as cruising, reconnaissance, surveillance, and sensitive target capturing. Referring to the formation problem for underwater small spherical robots with limited energy, perception, and computation abilities, a trajectory tracking-based formation strategy that transforms the complex formation tracking problem into a simple trajectory tracking problem of a single robot is provided. Two layers are designed in the formation tracking strategy. The upper layer is a virtual structure-based formation algorithm. The bottom layer is a tracking controller based on model predictive control (MPC). The formation algorithm is in charge of calculating reference trajectory for each robot in the formation according to the global formation path. The MPC-based dynamic controller for each robot is designed to track the self reference trajectory. Compared with the model predictive control method used for the traditional trajectory tracking problem of a single robot, this paper additionally considers the formation constraints and the internal collision avoidance. In addition, the extended state observer (ESO) is utilized to estimate the lumped disturbance composed of environment disturbance and the inaccurate dynamic model of a small spherical robot. Not only are the numerical simulations based on MATLAB v.2015a, but physical simulations based on self-building multi-spherical robot formation platform are also carried out. Furthermore, through using two small spherical robots, a formation tracing experiment is conducted. All of the results prove that the proposed formation method is feasible and practical for small spherical robots.
Analysis of the Influence of Structural Characteristics on the Tensile Properties of Fused Filament Fabricated ABS Polymer Using Central Composite Design
Authors: Tzotzis Anastasios , Manavis Athanasios , Efkolidis Nikolaos , García-Hernández César , Kyratsis Panagiotis
Published: December 2023

This study presents an investigation of the effects of structural characteristics, such as the layer height, infill density, top/bottom layer line directions and infill pattern, on the structural efficiency of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-based specimens. The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technique was utilized for the specimen fabrication, and the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) and Strength-to-Mass (S/M) ratio were examined. The tests were planned according to the Central Composite Design (CCD), and an empirical model for each response was developed, with respect to the applied factors and their interactions. The analysis revealed that the characteristics with the strongest influence on the UTS and the S/M ratio were the infill and the layer height, respectively. Moreover, it was observed that the honeycomb structure contributed to the highest UTS compared to the other patterns. Finally, an optimization analysis based on the desirability function was performed, highlighting the combination of a 0.3 mm layer, 21.81% and 76.36% infill, 0° direction and the honeycomb pattern as the optimal for maximizing both UTS and S/M ratio under different desirability.
Evaluation of Freeze–Thaw Erosion Intensity in the Ecological Function Reserve of the Greater Hinggan Mountains Based on Geographic Information Systems and a Geographic Detector
Authors: Liu Yanru , Lu Yuefeng , Lu Miao , Sun Ying , Li Jing , Yao Kaizhong
Published: December 2023

Freeze–thaw erosion is one of the three major soil erosions in China, including wind erosion and hydraulic erosion, which leads to the destruction of the natural environment, the imbalance of economic development, a threat to personal safety, and irreversible disaster to the country and people. China’s permafrost area accounts for about one-fifth of the country’s land area, and the seasonal permafrost area accounts for half of China’s land area, mainly concentrated in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Xinjiang Province, Heilongjiang Province, Gansu Province, and other regions. In order to establish an evaluation system for the ecological function reserve of the Greater Hinggan Mountains, nine evaluation indicators were selected from the perspectives of topography, climate, soil, and vegetation conditions. GIS technology, a multiple collinearity test, and principal component analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the freeze–thaw erosion in the ecological function reserve of the Greater Hinggan Mountains. This study categorized the evaluation results into five intensity levels, from micro to severe. Finally, the degree of influence of different influencing factors on freeze–thaw erosion and the interactions between the factors were analyzed using a geographic detector. The results showed the following: (1) The intensity of freeze–thaw erosion in the study area gradually increased from west to east, and the comprehensive evaluation results were −0.2552 to 0.7581. Overall, moderate, severe, and mild erosion accounted for 29.83%, 25.9%, and 21.54% of the total area of the freeze–thaw zone, respectively. (2) Soil moisture content and the annual range in temperature were the main factors contributing to freeze–thaw erosion. The degree of influence of the two effects on freeze–thaw erosion (q = 0.5997) was better than that of the single-factor effect.
Estimation of Astronomical Seeing with Neural Networks at the Maidanak Observatory
Authors: Shikhovtsev Artem Y. , Kiselev Alexander V. , Kovadlo Pavel G. , Kopylov Evgeniy A. , Kirichenko Kirill E. , Ehgamberdiev Shuhrat A. , Tillayev Yusufjon A.
Published: December 2023

In the present article, we study the possibilities of machine learning for the estimation of seeing at the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory (38∘40′24″ N, 66∘53′47″ E) using only Era-5 reanalysis data. Seeing is usually associated with the integral of the turbulence strength Cn2(z) over the height z. Based on the seeing measurements accumulated over 13 years, we created ensemble models of multi-layer neural networks under the machine learning framework, including training and validation. For the first time in the world, we have simulated optical turbulence (seeing variations) during night-time with deep neural networks trained on a 13-year database of astronomical seeing. A set of neural networks for simulations of night-time seeing variations was obtained. For these neural networks, the linear correlation coefficient ranges from 0.48 to 0.68. We show that modeled seeing with neural networks is well-described through meteorological parameters, which include wind-speed components, air temperature, humidity, and turbulent surface stresses. One of the fundamental new results is that the structure of small-scale (optical) turbulence over the Maidanak Astronomical Observatory does not depend or depends negligibly on the large-scale vortex component of atmospheric flows.
Improvements of Integral Majorization Inequality with Applications to Divergences
Authors: Basir Abdul , Khan Muhammad Adil , Ullah Hidayat , Almalki Yahya , Metpattarahiran Chanisara , Sitthiwirattham Thanin
Published: December 2023

Within the recent wave of research advancements, mathematical inequalities and their practical applications play a notably significant role across various domains. In this regard, inequalities offer a captivating arena for scholarly endeavors and investigational pursuits. This research work aims to present new improvements for the integral majorization inequalities using an interesting aproach. Certain previous improvements have been achieved for the Jensen inequality as direct outcomes of the main results. Additionally, estimates for the Csiszár divergence and its cases are provided as applications of the main results. The circumstances under which the principal outcomes offer enhanced estimations for majorization differences are also underscored and emphasized.
ResnetAge: A Resnet-Based DNA Methylation Age Prediction Method
Authors: Shi Lijuan , Hai Boquan , Kuang Zhejun , Wang Han , Zhao Jian
Published: December 2023

Aging is a significant contributing factor to degenerative diseases such as cancer. The extent of DNA methylation in human cells indicates the aging process and screening for age-related methylation sites can be used to construct epigenetic clocks. Thereby, it can be a new aging-detecting marker for clinical diagnosis and treatments. Predicting the biological age of human individuals is conducive to the study of physical aging problems. Although many researchers have developed epigenetic clock prediction methods based on traditional machine learning and even deep learning, higher prediction accuracy is still required to match the clinical applications. Here, we proposed an epigenetic clock prediction method based on a Resnet neuro networks model named ResnetAge. The model accepts 22,278 CpG sites as a sample input, supporting both the Illumina 27K and 450K identification frameworks. It was trained using 32 public datasets containing multiple tissues such as whole blood, saliva, and mouth. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the training set is 1.29 years, and the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) is 0.98 years. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of the validation set is 3.24 years, and the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) is 2.3 years. Our method has higher accuracy in age prediction in comparison with other methylation-based age prediction methods.
Impact of Particle Size on the Setting Behavior of Tricalcium Silicate: A Comparative Study Using ISO 6876 Indentation Testing and Isothermal Induction Calorimetry
Authors: Bernardi Anarela Vassen , Souza Marcelo Tramontin , Montedo Oscar Rubem Klegues , Domingues Felipe Henrique Fassina , Arcaro Sabrina , Kopper Patrícia Maria Poli
Published: December 2023

This study examines the impact of particle size on the setting behavior of tricalcium silicate powders. The setting behavior was evaluated using ISO 6876 indentation testing and isothermal induction calorimetry techniques. The objective was to compare the outcomes obtained from these methods and establish a correlation between particle size and setting characteristics. The cement pastes were manually mixed with a water-to-solid ratio of 0.66 for conducting indentation tests according to ISO 6876, while calorimetry measurements were performed using isothermal (conduction) calorimetry at room temperature. The findings demonstrate a significant influence of smaller particle sizes on accelerating the hydration process of cement pastes, resulting in a reduction of setting time by up to 24%. Moreover, the final setting times obtained through the indentation method closely approximate the inflection points of the acceleration curves acquired by calorimetry, with time deviations of less than 12% regardless of particle size.
Do Media Extracellular Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles Bound to the Extracellular Matrix Represent Distinct Types of Vesicles?
Authors: Mebarek Saida , Buchet Rene , Pikula Slawomir , Strzelecka-Kiliszek Agnieszka , Brizuela Leyre , Corti Giada , Collacchi Federica , Anghieri Genevieve , Magrini Andrea , Ciancaglini Pietro , Millan Jose Luis , Davies Owen , Bottini Massimo
Published: December 2023

Mineralization-competent cells, including hypertrophic chondrocytes, mature osteoblasts, and osteogenic-differentiated smooth muscle cells secrete media extracellular vesicles (media vesicles) and extracellular vesicles bound to the extracellular matrix (matrix vesicles). Media vesicles are purified directly from the extracellular medium. On the other hand, matrix vesicles are purified after discarding the extracellular medium and subjecting the cells embedded in the extracellular matrix or bone or cartilage tissues to an enzymatic treatment. Several pieces of experimental evidence indicated that matrix vesicles and media vesicles isolated from the same types of mineralizing cells have distinct lipid and protein composition as well as functions. These findings support the view that matrix vesicles and media vesicles released by mineralizing cells have different functions in mineralized tissues due to their location, which is anchored to the extracellular matrix versus free-floating.
A Bird in the Hand Is Worth Two in the Bush: Bird Visibility as a Predictor of the Perception of Birds by Humans
Authors: Randler Christoph , Härtel Talia , Kalb Nadine , Vanhöfen Janina
Published: December 2023

Human dimensions of birds are becoming increasingly popular. One aspect is charismatic species and their impact on nature conservation, and the other is the positive impact of birds on human well-being. Studies exploring these relationships are mostly based on species richness, but specific species traits are usually not studied. Here, we propose two new variables, visibility duration, and obstruction, being relevant to human–bird encounters. Visibility measures if and for how long a bird is visible. Obstruction measures to what extent the bird is concealed by vegetation. We collected behavioral data using focal animal sampling (3 min with blocks of 15 s, one-zero sampling). Additionally, species identity, sex, flocking (yes/no) and observation distance were collected. This was combined with an assessment where three experts scored the visibility of the different species on a scale from 1 to 5. The most significant predictor of visibility duration was species identity with an explained variance of 44%. Concerning obstruction, 34% of the variance was explained by species identity. Sex and flocking were not significant. A cluster analysis on the species level led to a three-cluster solution. The mean expert assessment correlated positively with visibility duration (r = 0.803) and negatively with obstruction (r = −0.422). The behavioral trait of visibility may be an important aspect in the analysis of human–bird encounters but also ecological bird studies.
Beyond Gender: Interoceptive Sensibility as a Key Predictor of Body Image Disturbances
Authors: Naraindas Akansha M. , Moreno Marina , Cooney Sarah M.
Published: December 2023

Body image disturbance (BID) involves negative attitudes towards shape and weight and is associated with lower levels of interoceptive sensibility (IS) (the subjective perceptions of internal bodily states). This association is considered a risk factor for developing eating disorders (EDs) and is linked to altered sensorimotor representations of the body (i.e., body schema). BIDs manifest across genders and are currently understudied in men. This study investigated gender-related differences in BID and its relationship to the body schema and IS. Data were collected from 86 men and 86 women. BID was assessed using questionnaires measuring self-objectification, state, and trait body dissatisfaction. IS was measured via the MAIA-2. The body schema was indexed via an embodied mental rotation task. Results showed that women reported higher BID than men across all scales. Gender differences in sub-components of interoceptive sensibility were found. Overall, both gender and interoceptive sensibility predicted BID. However, interoceptive sensibility exhibited its own unique association with BID beyond the influence of gender. BID, IS and gender were not significant predictors of performance in the body schema task. Therefore, while gender predicts differences in BID and interoceptive sensibility, there was no evidence of gender-related differences in body schema.
Experimental Investigation on the Axial Loading Performance of Grooving-Damaged Square Hollow Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Columns
Authors: Liu Jing , Pan Zimao , Pan Zhicheng , He Shaohua , Yu Wenzhuo
Published: December 2023

Under the influence of material defects, structural grooving, environmental corrosion, and other factors in engineering, concrete-filled steel tubes incur local defects on their external surfaces that affect their structural integrity and service life. This work conducts axial compression tests on 10 grooving-damaged square hollow concrete-filled steel tube (SHCFST) columns to investigate the effect of grooving damage on their axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity and the effect of steel tubes on concrete confinement. It explores the effects of three parameters, namely, the length of grooves, presence of slots in internal and external steel tubes, and orientation of grooves, on structural static performance. This study analyzes the loading, failure mechanisms, and axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity of grooving-damaged SHCFST columns. Results indicate that grooving weakens the steel tube’s confinement effect on the concrete core, reducing the axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity of specimens. On the basis of this experimental research, a method for calculating the axial compressive ultimate bearing capacity and axial compressive stiffness of grooving-damaged SHCFST columns is proposed. The calculation results closely align with experimental outcomes, providing valuable insights for related scientific research and engineering applications.
Uniformly Dispersed Nano Pd-Ni Oxide Supported on Polyporous CeO2 and Its Application in Methane Conversion of Tail Gas from Dual-Fuel Engine
Authors: Luo Chunlian , Chen Luwei , Alodhayb Abdullah N. , Wu Jianhua , Tan Mingwu , Yang Yanling
Published: December 2023

The development of catalysts for low-temperature methane combustion is crucial in addressing the greenhouse effect. An effective industrial catalyst strategy involves optimizing noble metal utilization and boosting metal–metal interaction. Here, the PdNi-H catalyst was synthesized using the self-assembly method, achieving the high dispersion and close proximity of Pd and Ni atoms compared to the counterparts prepared by the impregnation method, as confirmed by EDS mapping. The XRD and TEM results revealed Pd2+ and Ni2+ doping within the CeO2 lattice, causing distortions and forming Pd-O-Ce or Ni-O-Ce structures. These structures promoted oxygen vacancy formation in CeO2, and this was further confirmed by the Raman and XPS results. Consequently, the PdNi-H catalyst demonstrated an excellent redox ability and catalytic activity, achieving lower ignition and complete methane burning temperatures at 282 and 387 °C, respectively. The highly dispersed PdNi species played a pivotal role in activating methane for enhanced redox ability. Additionally, the narrow size distribution range contributed to more vacancies on the surface of CeO2, as confirmed by the XPS results, thereby facilitating the activation of gas phase oxygen to form oxygen species (O2−). This collaborative catalytic approach presents a promising strategy for developing efficient and stable methane combustion catalysts at low temperatures.
Enhanced Catalytic Ozonation of Phenol Degradation by Mn-Loaded γ-Al2O3 Catalyst: A Facile Strategy for Treating Organic Wastewater
Authors: Yuan Siwen , Zhu Xiao , Zhu Mingxin , Zhou Hua , Pan Shunlong
Published: December 2023

Heterogeneous catalysis ozonation technology can achieve efficient treatment of refractory organics in industrial wastewater due to its advantages including fast reaction speed, high ozone utilization rate, low catalyst loss and low cost and has a broad application prospect. The development of efficient and stable heterogeneous ozone catalytic materials is the key to promoting the application of this technology in industrial wastewater treatment. Based on this, an Mn/Al2O3 catalyst was successfully prepared by impregnation method using 3~5 mm γ-Al2O3 pellets as the carrier, and the surface morphology characteristics, elemental state and phase composition of the catalyst were investigated by SEM-EDX, XRD and XPS. The results showed that Mn was successfully loaded onto the surface of a γ-Al2O3 carrier. On this basis, intermittent single factor experiments were conducted to systematically investigate the effects of catalyst dosage, pH, and ozone concentration on the catalytic performance of phenol. It was found that under the optimal conditions of a catalyst dosage of 100 g (filling height of 14.2 cm), pH of 7, and ozone concentration of 4 mg/L (gas volume of 1 L/min), the removal efficiencies of 800 mL 100 mg/L of simulated phenol wastewater reached 100% after 60 min of reaction. The removal efficiencies of the catalyst still reached 95.8% within 60 min even after the fifth cycle reaction, indicating excellent reusability of the catalyst. This work provides a facile strategy for the treatment of refractory organics in industrial wastewater.
GLP1 Receptor Agonists—Effects beyond Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Wilbon Sydney S. , Kolonin Mikhail G.
Published: December 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) have been transformative for patients and clinicians in treating type-2 diabetes and obesity. Drugs of this class, the bioavailability of which is continuously improving, enable weight loss and control blood glucose with minimal unwanted side effects. Since adopting GLP1RA for treating metabolic diseases, animal and clinical studies have revealed their beneficial effects on several other pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, kidney disease, and cancer. A notable commonality between these diseases is their association with older age. Clinical trials and preclinical data suggest that GLP1RA may improve outcomes in these aging-related diseases. Some of the benefits of GLP1RA may be indirect due to their effects on obesity and glucose metabolism. However, there is building evidence that GLP1RA may also act directly on multiple organs implicated in aging-related pathology. This review aims to compile the studies reporting the effects of GLP1RA on aging-related diseases and discuss potential underlying mechanisms.
Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO Nanostructure Decorated Coatings
Authors: Abou Zeid Souad , Perez Anne , Bastide Stéphane , Le Pivert Marie , Rossano Stéphanie , Remita Hynd , Hautière Nicolas , Leprince-Wang Yamin
Published: December 2023

Given the growing concern over antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need to explore alternative antibacterial strategies. Metal oxide nanostructures have emerged as a promising option, and in particular, zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures have demonstrated strong antifungal and antibacterial properties. This study focuses on ZnO nanowires (ZnO NWs) and their potential as antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas putida, a Gram-negative bacterium. The objective is to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms and assess their efficiency. The unique shape of ZnO NWs, obtained through hydrothermal growth, may rupture bacterial cells and inhibit bacterial growth. In addition to their morphology, the release of Zn2+ ions from ZnO NWs may contribute to their antibacterial properties. These ions have the potential to disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, further impeding bacterial growth. Moreover, ZnO nanostructures exhibit excellent photocatalytic properties under UV light, enhancing their antibacterial effects. Overall, this study highlights the potential of hydrothermally synthesized ZnO NWs in inhibiting P. putida growth and provides valuable insights into their antibacterial mechanisms. The findings suggest that ZnO nanostructures have the potential to be effective antibacterial agents and could be utilized in various settings to fight microbial infections and maintain hygiene.
Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Tensile Mechanical Properties of Mg-Zn-Y Alloy
Authors: Yang Wenju , Xu Zhichao , Xiong Feng , Yang Haolun , Guo Xuefeng , San Hongshan
Published: December 2023

Ultrasonic vibration assisted (UVA) plastic forming technology has proven to be a highly effective processing method, particularly for materials that are challenging to deform. In this research, UVA tensile tests were carried out on Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloy at different vibration frequencies and amplitudes. The experimental results indicate that, compared with conventional tensile tests, the yield strength and tensile strength of Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloy exhibit a decrease. Furthermore, the application of ultrasonic vibration demonstrates an ability to enhance the material’s elongation and plasticity. In order to further predict the stress-strain relationship in the metal tensile process, a hybrid constitutive model coupling the frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic vibration was developed based on the modified Johnson Cook model. The calculated results of the constitutive equation are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the established constitutive equation can accurately predict the trend of alloy stress change at different amplitudes and frequencies. It establishes a theoretical foundation for scrutinizing the deformation mechanisms of the alloy under ultrasonic vibration. Furthermore, Abaqus finite element analysis software was employed to simulate and analyze the UVA tensile process, elucidating the impact of ultrasonic vibration on stress distribution, strain patterns, and material flow in the tensile behavior of Mg98.5Zn0.5Y1 alloys.
Phase Formation in NaH2PO4–VOSO4–NaF–H2O System and Rapid Synthesis of Na3V2O2x(PO4)2F3-2x
Authors: Lin Zhi
Published: December 2023

Renewable electricity products, for example, from wind and photovoltaic energy, need large-scale and economic energy storage systems to guarantee the requirements of our daily lives. Sodium-ion batteries are considered more economical than lithium-ion batteries in this area. Na3V2(PO4)2F3, NaVPO4F, and Na3(VO)2(PO4)2F are one type of material that may be used for Na-ion batteries. In order to better understand the synthesis of these materials, the phase formation in a NaH2PO4–VOSO4–NaF–H2O system under hydrothermal conditions was studied and is reported herein. This research focused on the influences of the sodium fluoride content and hydrothermal crystallization time on phase formation and phase purity. The phase transformation between Na(VO)2(PO4)2(H2O)4 and Na3V2O2x(PO4)2F3-2x was also studied. Na3V2O2x(PO4)2F3-2x with a high degree of crystallinity can be obtained in as short as 2 h via hydrothermal synthesis using a conventional oven at 170 °C without agitation. All compounds obtained in this research were studied mainly using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.
“It Soothes Your Heart”: A Multimethod Study Exploring Acceptability of Point-of-Care Viral Load Testing among Ugandan Pregnant and Postpartum Women Living with HIV
Authors: Nakyanzi Agnes , Naddunga Faith , Bulterys Michelle A. , Mujugira Andrew , Wyatt Monique A. , Kamusiime Brenda , Nalumansi Alisaati , Kasiita Vicent , Peacock Sue , Celum Connie L. , Ware Norma C.
Published: December 2023

Background: High adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for achieving viral suppression and preventing onward HIV transmission. ART continuation can be challenging for pregnant women living with HIV (PWLHIV), which has critical implications for risk of vertical HIV transmission. Point-of-care viral load (POC VL) testing has been associated with improved treatment and retention outcomes. We sought to explore acceptability of POC VL testing among Ugandan PWLHIV during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods: This multimethod analysis drew on quantitative and qualitative data collected between February and December 2021. Quantitatively, we used an intent-to-treat analysis to assess whether randomization to clinic-based POC VL testing during pregnancy and infant testing at delivery was associated with improved viral suppression (≤50 copies/mL) by 3 months postpartum compared to standard-of-care (SOC) VL testing through a central laboratory, adjusting for factorial randomization for the male partner testing strategy. Additionally, a subset of 22 PWLHIV in the POC VL arm participated in in-depth qualitative interviews. We inductively analyzed transcripts to develop categories representing concepts that characterized women’s perceptions of POC VL testing during pregnancy and at delivery and ways that POC VL testing may have impacted their ART adherence and viral suppression. Key themes around women’s perceptions of POC VL testing were then organized into main categories. Results: Overall, 151 PWLHIV were enrolled into the study, 77 (51%) of whom were randomized to receive POC VL testing during pregnancy and at delivery. Women reported in qualitative interviews that POC VL testing had (1) motivated their ART adherence during pregnancy and postpartum and that they felt this testing method had (2) helped them protect their infants from acquiring HIV and (3) improved their emotional wellbeing. Conclusions: POC VL testing was highly acceptable among Ugandan PWLHIV and was viewed as an important tool that women believed improved their ART adherence, gave them information necessary to protect their infants from vertical HIV acquisition, and improved their emotional wellbeing. These findings support the global scale-up of POC VL testing in settings with high HIV burden, especially for PWLHIV who may be at risk of treatment disruptions or loss to follow-up.
Gastro-BaseNet: A Specialized Pre-Trained Model for Enhanced Gastroscopic Data Classification and Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer and Ulcer
Authors: Lee Gi , Kim Young , Park Dong , Kim Yoon , Han Su , Kim Kwang
Published: December 2023

Most of the development of gastric disease prediction models has utilized pre-trained models from natural data, such as ImageNet, which lack knowledge of medical domains. This study proposes Gastro-BaseNet, a classification model trained using gastroscopic image data for abnormal gastric lesions. To prove performance, we compared transfer-learning based on two pre-trained models (Gastro-BaseNet and ImageNet) and two training methods (freeze and fine-tune modes). The effectiveness was verified in terms of classification at the image-level and patient-level, as well as the localization performance of lesions. The development of Gastro-BaseNet had demonstrated superior transfer learning performance compared to random weight settings in ImageNet. When developing a model for predicting the diagnosis of gastric cancer and gastric ulcers, the transfer-learned model based on Gastro-BaseNet outperformed that based on ImageNet. Furthermore, the model’s performance was highest when fine-tuning the entire layer in the fine-tune mode. Additionally, the trained model was based on Gastro-BaseNet, which showed higher localization performance, which confirmed its accurate detection and classification of lesions in specific locations. This study represents a notable advancement in the development of image analysis models within the medical field, resulting in improved diagnostic predictive accuracy and aiding in making more informed clinical decisions in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Learning Dogfish Shark Anatomy Using 3D-Printed Models: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Abel Allison , Ziman Roxanne
Published: December 2023

3D-printed models (3DPMs) are being increasingly utilized as learning aids in medical and comparative anatomy education. Research suggests that 3DPMs can significantly improve students’ accuracy in recognizing important anatomical landmarks and provide a low-cost alternative to expensive or fragile specimens. The use of 3DPMs can also alleviate conservation concerns for certain endangered species. Additionally, 3DPMs provide a unique interactive experience in viewing structures that may otherwise be difficult to observe or handle directly by students. A novel 3DPM has been developed to help biology students learn the anatomy of the Squalus acanthias (S. acanthias), or dogfish shark, chondrocranium and brain. This feasibility study evaluated the perceived utility of these new 3DPMs in an undergraduate-level comparative chordate anatomy lab (BIOL 351) at Iowa State University in Spring 2023. Students responded to a questionnaire comprising Likert and open-ended long-form questions that uncovered their perceptions of and experience interacting with the 3DPMs. Two separate surveys were administered, one for the chondrocranium (29 responses) and one for the brain (16 responses). Students indicated a strong preference for using the 3DPMs as compared to the dissected and preserved specimens, citing the 3DPMs’ size, durability, and the ability to handle and rotate them as beneficial for understanding relevant anatomy. Further investigation is required to understand how the 3DPM improves students’ learning outcomes; however, this study confirms the model’s utility and biology students’ desire to have access to additional 3DPMs in the comparative chordate anatomy lab.
Developing Micro-Teaching with a Focus on Core Practices: The Use of Approximations of Practice
Authors: O’Flaherty Joanne , Lenihan Rachel , Young Ann Marie , McCormack Orla
Published: December 2023

Micro-teaching as a pedagogical approach is practiced in many higher education programmes focused on building knowledge, understanding, skills and attitudes that can be applied in a professional setting. The previous literature attests to the usefulness of micro-teaching experiences in supporting the development of the beginning professional. This paper describes the design and implementation of a micro-teaching programme in one teacher preparation programme with a dual focus on core practices and Approximation of Practice (AoP). AoPs, in this instance, are defined as opportunities to engage in core practices that are proximal to the practices of a particular profession. The paper begins by exploring practice-based education, focusing on core practices and approximations of practice. Micro-teaching as a pedagogical approach is briefly introduced before describing the design and implementation of a specific enactment of pedagogy, a micro-teaching programme using core practices and AoPs. Opportunities and challenges of designing and implementing the micro-teaching programme are discussed and problematised. Finally, some practice considerations are offered to the broader higher education audience regarding the use of AoPs in higher education in the preparation of beginning professionals.
Digital Collaboration in Higher Education: A Study of Digital Skills and Collaborative Attitudes in Students from Diverse Universities
Authors: Mena-Guacas Andrés F. , Meza-Morales Jesús A. , Fernández Esther , López-Meneses Eloy
Published: December 2023

The current study examines the relationship between digital competencies and collaboration attitudes among higher education students. To do so, data from 1316 students from 10 Spanish universities were analyzed and collected through a questionnaire named “Basic Digital Skills 2.0 of University Students” (COBADI®—Registered Trademark: 2970648). To provide context for the sample involved in this study, it is noteworthy that 50.5% of participants typically prefer to access the internet from home. Furthermore, it was observed that most of the respondents engage with the internet for over nine hours daily. The analysis of the results was conducted by calculating correlations between digital competencies and students’ collaboration attitudes. These correlations were computed using the Python programming language, with the libraries employed being pandas, numpy, and matplotlib. Students who perceive themselves as more competent in using digital tools tend to have a slightly higher disposition to collaborate with their professors in virtual environments. Some competencies are more closely associated with collaboration than others, with those that exhibit a stronger connection being key focus areas in teaching and curriculum development.
A Data Hierarchical Encryption Scheme Based on Attribute Hiding under Multiple Authorization Centers
Authors: Wang Caimei , Pan Jianzhong , Lu Jianhao , Wu Zhize
Published: December 2023

The data hierarchical Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (CP-ABE) scheme implements multiple hierarchical data encryption of a single access policy, which reduces the computation and storage overhead. However, existing data hierarchical CP-ABE schemes have some problems, such as the leakage of personal privacy information through access policies or user attributes in plaintext form, and these schemes grant enough privileges to a single authorization center. If the authorization center is untrusted or attacked, keys can be used to illegally access data, which is the key escrow problem. To solve these problems, we propose an Attribute Hiding and Multiple Authorization Centers-based Data Hierarchical Encryption Scheme (AH-MAC-DHE). Firstly, we propose an Attribute Convergence Hiding Mechanism (ACHM). This mechanism solves the problem of personal privacy information leakage by hiding access policies and user attributes. Secondly, we design Privilege-Dispersed Multiple Authorization Centers (PD-MAC). PD-MAC solves the problem of key escrow by dispersing the privileges of the single authorization center to the user authorization center and attribute authorization center. Finally, we prove that AH-MAC-DHE is secure under the decisional q-parallel Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent (BDHE) assumption, which also satisfies anti-collusion and privacy security. The experimental results indicate that compared with existing schemes, AH-MAC-DHE performs well.
Advanced 3D Navigation System for AGV in Complex Smart Factory Environments
Authors: Li Yiduo , Wang Debao , Li Qipeng , Cheng Guangtao , Li Zhuoran , Li Peiqing
Published: December 2023

The advancement of Industry 4.0 has significantly propelled the widespread application of automated guided vehicle (AGV) systems within smart factories. As the structural diversity and complexity of smart factories escalate, the conventional two-dimensional plan-based navigation systems with fixed routes have become inadequate. Addressing this challenge, we devised a novel mobile robot navigation system encompassing foundational control, map construction positioning, and autonomous navigation functionalities. Initially, employing point cloud matching algorithms facilitated the construction of a three-dimensional point cloud map within indoor environments, subsequently converted into a navigational two-dimensional grid map. Simultaneously, the utilization of a multi-threaded normal distribution transform (NDT) algorithm enabled precise robot localization in three-dimensional settings. Leveraging grid maps and the robot’s inherent localization data, the A* algorithm was utilized for global path planning. Moreover, building upon the global path, the timed elastic band (TEB) algorithm was employed to establish a kinematic model, crucial for local obstacle avoidance planning. This research substantiated its findings through simulated experiments and real vehicle deployments: Mobile robots scanned environmental data via laser radar and constructing point clouds and grid maps. This facilitated centimeter-level localization and successful circumvention of static obstacles, while simultaneously charting optimal paths to bypass dynamic hindrances. The devised navigation system demonstrated commendable autonomous navigation capabilities. Experimental evidence showcased satisfactory accuracy in practical applications, with positioning errors of 3.6 cm along the x-axis, 3.3 cm along the y-axis, and 4.3° in orientation. This innovation stands to substantially alleviate the low navigation precision and sluggishness encountered by AGV vehicles within intricate smart factory environments, promising a favorable prospect for practical applications.
Heavy Ungulate Pressure behind the Disappearance of Regeneration in Hungarian Forests
Authors: Zoltán László , Szmorad Ferenc , Standovár Tibor
Published: December 2023

Ungulate populations have surged to unsustainable levels in multiple areas in recent decades due to human intervention, making forestry and conservation practices arduous. The population of ungulates is also currently displaying a rising trend in Hungary, prompting decision-makers to commence substantial reduction efforts. Our study examined the ungulate impact in three forested regions of Hungary, employing field survey sampling plots on almost 50,000 hectares. Our findings revealed that regeneration browsing and soil disturbance were evenly high in these areas, while the cover of the regeneration layer was extremely low. Ungulate pressure was suspected as the cause of the lack of regeneration. Based on habitat and vegetation conditions, we divided our sample as favourable and unfavourable for regeneration. The cover of the regeneration categories was not significantly different between the two sets. The evidence of the direct indicators, including browsing and soil disturbance, coupled with the lack of regeneration, leads us to infer indirect signs of ungulate pressure. The absence of older and taller vegetation in the area also suggests long-standing ungulate pressure. Our investigation suggests that the high ungulate population can cause low abundance, even the lack of regeneration, not only locally but also at a regional scale.
Antifungal and Plant-Growth Promotion Effects of Bacillus velezensis When Applied to Coastal to Pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) Seedlings
Authors: Yun Ju-Yeol , Kim Hyun-Seop , Moon Jae-Hyun , Won Sang-Jae , Choub Vantha , Choi Su-In , Ajuna Henry B. , Lee Peter Sang-Hoon , Ahn Young Sang
Published: December 2023

Fungal diseases such as root rot and leaf blight cause substantial losses in coastal pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) seedling production, which hinders afforestation/forest restoration programs. We isolated and identified Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata as the causal agents of root rot and needle blight diseases and investigated the biocontrol efficacy against the fungal pathogens and growth promotion of coastal pine seedlings using Bacillus velezensis CE 100. The bacterium produced the hydrolytic enzymes chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, and protease enzymes, and the crude enzyme fraction of the biocontrol strain caused the deformation of the fungal cell wall and antagonized F. oxysporum and A. alternata, causing respective inhibition of spore germination by 91.0% and 85.9% and mycelial growth by 58.3% and 54.3%, at a concentration of 1000 µL/mL. Consequently, the bacterial treatment improved the survival rate of seedlings 1.9 times relative to the control group. The bacterium secreted indole-acetic acid (IAA) phytohormone and enhanced root growth and absorption of nutrients, which notably enhanced the biomass production of coastal pine seedlings. Therefore, these results provide evidence that B. velezensis CE 100 is an effective antifungal and growth-promoting bacterium that can facilitate the production of high-quality coastal pine seedlings for the restoration and establishment of coastal forests.
Agro-Industrial Residues Used as Substrates for the Production of Bioaroma Compounds with Basidiomycetes: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Sandes Rafael Donizete Dutra , dos Santos Raquel Anne Ribeiro , de Jesus Mônica Silva , Araujo Hannah Caroline Santos , Leite Neta Maria Terezinha Santos , Rajkumar Gomathi , Narain Narendra
Published: December 2023

Flavoring compounds are substances that directly influence the acceptance or rejection of a product. They are considered as essential components in the industrial sector due to their wide range of applications in different areas, such as food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. With the growing demand and concern of consumers for the acquisition of flavors from natural products, alternatives for the sustainable and low-cost production of such compounds becomes mandatory. Among these alternatives, biotechnological processes involving fungi are considered ecologically suitable and sustainable, as they tend to use conditions that are less harmful to the environment. The application of filamentous fungi such as basidiomycetes in biotechnological processes has been very promising, although it depends on the strain and growing conditions for obtaining bioaromas. The present review aims to compile reports on the potential of several basidiomycete fungi in the production of bioaromas using biotechnological methods. This review also includes the availability of nutrients and covers the new perspectives created with the application of agro-industrial residues as alternative cultivation substrates for these microorganisms. Thus, this is expected to consequently alleviate environmental pollution problems and enable the production of promising volatile compounds in a natural and sustainable way.
Denitrification Capacity of Volatile Fatty Acids from Sludge Fermentation: Lab-Scale Testing and Full-Scale Assessment
Authors: Grana Matteo , Catenacci Arianna , Ficara Elena
Published: December 2023

This work provides insights into the possibility of integrating recovered volatile fatty acids (VFAs) into biological nitrogen removal processes. VFAs are the main products of the acidogenic fermentation of waste sludge and are an effective carbon source for denitrification in activated sludge processes. The assessment of denitrification rates and the utilisation hierarchy of different VFAs are relevant to evaluating the possibility of replacing external carbon sources with the fermented liquid, FL, from acidogenic fermentation. To this scope, single VFAs, FL collected from a full-scale waste sludge fermenter, and commercial hydroalcoholic solutions have been tested with manometric lab-scale tests. Regarding single acids, acetic acid showed the highest denitrification rates, up to 4 mg N-NO3 g VSS−1 h−1, while more complex acids usually showed a lower denitrification rate. The synthetic VFA mixture and FL showed a higher denitrification rate than the sole acetate (up to 134% of the acetate denitrification rate). Mass balances across the full-scale wastewater treatment plant demonstrated the positive role of FL dosage in enhancing the denitrification process in the activated sludge treatment, with an average nitrogen removal equal to 57% and 78% without and with FL dosage, respectively. Batch manometric tests proved to be an efficient and reliable tool to assess the quality of the carbon sources as well as the activity of denitrifying bacteria in activated sludge samples.
Phytochemical Composition of Different Red Clover Genotypes Based on Plant Part and Genetic Traits
Authors: Mikulić Mira , Atanacković Krstonošić Milica , Kladar Nebojša , Vasiljević Sanja , Katanski Snežana , Mamlić Zlatica , Rakić Dušan , Cvejić Jelena
Published: December 2023

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important legume that is also known as a rich source of isoflavones, which are compounds with mild estrogenic activity. Therefore, this plant is often used as a raw material in the production of dietary supplements recommended in menopause. Many factors can influence isoflavone content, but those genetically related are considered to be the most important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile of different plant parts of 30 red clover genotypes grouped according to ploidy and country of seed origin by analyzing the content of dominant isoflavones, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. It was found that there are significant differences in the examined traits among plant parts. Red clover leaves had the highest total isoflavone content, with biochanin A as the dominant compound, while flower extracts had the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. Diploid and tetraploid genotypes were significantly different concerning the content of daidzein, genistein, formononetin and TPC with higher quantities in tetraploid samples. On the other hand, seed origin was not a useful separating factor for the analyzed samples. The results of this research indicate that ploidy, as a previously poorly studied factor, could influence isoflavone content in red clover.