bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvised direct torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Lemma Berhanu Deggefa , Pradabane Srinivasan , Sutikno Tole
Published: December 2023

Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is widely used in different applications because of their different key operation features. But despite having important key features, PMSM suffers from torque ripple when simple control techniques like direct torque control (DTC) are employed. Several approaches have been raised by many researchers to lessen the ripple when DTC is used for controlling the PMSM drive. In this work, duty ratio-optimized DTC control, which has the same simplicity as conventional DTC (CDTC), and delay compensation for input signal prediction are proposed. In the proposed system, to determine the duty ratio, slope manipulation was made by considering the minimization of torque error and forcing the developed torque to be equal to the reference torque at the end of the span. An online slope determination approach was employed to compute the duty ratio. MATLAB 2021b is used for simulation purposes. The dynamics and steady-state performance of the proposed scheme were tested for both variable-load and variable-speed operations. In addition, the harmonic performance and ratio of harmonic power loss to total active power loss of the motor were evaluated. In general, the proposed scheme performs effectively in reducing steady-state ripple and harmonic.
Diagnosis of fault brush winding stator induction motor using external sensor flux of three axes
Authors: Delfianti Rezi , Afif Yusrizal , Prahesti Fidya Eka , Mustaqim Bima , Silalahi Bolas Boy
Published: December 2023

This research investigates short-circuit problems in induction motor stators by constructing a motor with a changing winding and leaking flux data. The data is used to evaluate X, Y, and Z axes and map motor waves under normal and abnormal conditions. This study is expected to compare the effectiveness of the observation method from three different axes at the same motor condition to be further helpful in repairing induction motor damage caused by the circuit. From the results of the study, it shows that the harmonic value of the stator current will be more effective than the Y axis with a harmonic amplitude value of -38.8 dB, higher than the harmonic value of the current on the X axis with a difference of 33.89 dB and a difference of 0.32 dB from the Z axis. Suppose the disturbance is measured from the stray harmonic value. In that case, the flux will be more effective than the X axis with a harmonic amplitude value - 25.27 dB, higher than the harmonic value of the flux on the Y axis with a difference of 6.425 and a difference of 4.85 dB from the Z axis.
Development of multi-input multi-output converter for decarbonization energy system
Authors: Baharom Rahimi , Ghazali Mohd Shukri Mohd
Published: December 2023

Decarbonization energy systems include a range of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal. These sources generate electricity with minimal carbon emissions and can be used in various applications, including power generation, heating, and transportation. Therefore, the use of a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) converter is becoming increasingly important in decarbonization energy systems. This is because the integration of multiple renewable energy sources, requires a power converter that can manage multiple inputs and outputs efficiently. This paper presents the development of a MIMO converter using a single-phase matrix converter for decarbonization energy systems. The proposed converter is capable of integrating multiple renewable energy sources and can be used in a microgrid application, thus removing the need of multiple converters. The design and analysis of the converter are presented, including the selection of power switches and control strategy. The performance of the converter is evaluated through experimental results, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing multiple inputs and outputs using a single power converter circuit. The results indicate that the proposed converter is a promising solution for decarbonization energy systems, contributing to the development of sustainable energy systems.
Comparing performance and complexity of TCHB and CHB multilevel inverters using NLC technique
Authors: Hossain Md. Showkot , Said Nurul Ain Mohd , Halim Wahidah Abd , Hossain Md. Hasnat
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a modulation strategy applied to a 13-level three-phase transistor clamped H-bridge (TCHB) inverter, aimed at a renewable and electric vehicle drives application. A comparison is performed between the TCHB inverter and a traditional cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter, considering circuit complexity, switching losses, and total harmonic distortion (THD) attained from each multilevel inverter topologies. The TCHB inverter achieves a 13-level output with only 15 switches, whereas the conventional CHB inverter requires 24 switches. The modulation technique, employing a nearest level control, yields improved output quality for both the TCHB and CHB multilevel inverters. The results demonstrate that this strategy effectively minimizes the overall THD. Notably, previous modulation techniques mainly focused on carrier-based PWM or SVPWM, making this approach distinctive. The FFT analysis reveals a voltage THD of 5.49% for TCHB and 5.15% for CHB, indicating a marginal difference in THD content for each multilevel inverter. Despite the CHB inverter experiencing double the switching stress compared to TCHB, since less switches are required in the TCHB inverter, consequently, the system's total cost and complexity are reduced. The achieved results are verified through the use of simulations carried out in the MATLAB Simulink.
A multilevel boost inverter with removed leakage current and a reduced number of elements for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Al-Mamoori Dalya Hamzah , Azli Naziha Ahmad , Ayob Shahrin Md. , Albakry Ali A. Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Recent research has concerted on transformer-less multilevel inverters (TL-MLIs) due to their high-voltage or high-power capacity for converting the low-voltage output of renewable energy sources to the desired output. Moreover, they yield higher efficiency, lower cost and size than the conventional type. However, these inverters usually suffer from leakage current. The proposed inverter attempts to accommodate this concern to the greatest extent feasible. The proposed inverter structure exhibits a common ground between the input and output ports. Due to this, the total common mode voltage (CMV) is constant. The photovoltaic (PV) source to the grid parasitic capacitor is short-circuited due to this common ground feature, which results in negligible leakage current. The proposed inverter also features a boosting output voltage using only a single voltage source with minimum power devices. The number of output levels can be increased with the modular application of the proposed inverter. Finally, the mathematical analysis for the proposed inverter has been accomplished, and the MATLAB/Simulink simulation results are presented. Also, the results show the output voltage boost capability, zero leakage current and suitable total harmonic distortion for output voltage and current waveforms.
A new single DC source five-level buck-boost inverter for single phase application
Authors: Pratomo Leonardus Heru , Riyadi Slamet , Tantyono Neru Hatta
Published: December 2023

Recent decades have seen an amazingly fast development of inverter topology, including multilevel inverters. This kind of inverter typically functions as a buck converter; a boost converter is the reverse of this kind of inverter. The two inverters limitation to operating in either buck mode or boost mode is a negative. In this study, a five-level inverter that can operate in both buck and boost modes and only requires a single DC source input voltage is proposed. The suggested inverter will therefore have a large operational area. This new inverter's possible conduction modes are examined in order to determine the control system that will be used. A test based on computational modeling and hardware implementation is then conducted in the lab after the new control structure based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation is established. This new inverter can operate in five-level in a buck and/or boost converter in terms of the output voltage to the input voltage, according to the results of simulation and testing. The proposed new inverter outperforms traditional inverters that solely run on buck or boost.
Implementation and study of switched impedance boost and KY-boost converters for electric vehicle
Authors: Sreenu Sapavath , Upendar J. , Sirisha B.
Published: December 2023

A DC/DC converter based on photovoltaic (PV) grid connections is proposed here. This work focuses on the switched impedance source (S¬_ZSC) for electric vehicles. Every PV grid-connected system require step-up DC/DC converters to boost voltage range from low to high. Connecting an extra diode and a switch to the terminals of a standard quasi-impedance source DC/DC converter raises the step-up factors. In this proposed converter, this capacitor does more than just filter noise. Saturated inductors, on the other hand, can cause instability that needs not occur. In any case, the modulation index's H-bridge at its extremes is adjustable to a broader range when the circuit is used for DC-AC conversion. A larger boost factor is achieved with a shorter duty time as compared to currently available Z-source based systems. Both a buck-boost charging station and a KY-boost charging station were modeled for this investigation. PI or fuzzy logic controllers are utilized in DC-DC converters to keep the output voltage stable.
Hybrid power plant using synchronization controller system to save electricity cost
Authors: Salim Sardi , Tolago Ade Irawaty , Nasibu Iskandar Zulkarnain
Published: December 2023

The application of hybrid energy power plants is one solution to save electricity cost in buildings of government agencies, industries, and universities. The problem with using hybrid power plants that use solar energy sources and paid electricity networks is that sunlight energy cannot produce energy consistently from sunrise to sunset. Maximum energy can only be obtained when the sun is vertically acceptable to the photovoltaic (PV). This results in electrical loads having to be disconnected or switched back to the grid. The application of an electrical power sharing system synchronization controller system (SCS) can automatically regulate the use of electrical energy to low PV energy. The results of research on the application of hybrid PV using the SCS system with a rooftop solar panel system at the Gorontalo State University Building can produce a total electrical power of 600,975 kWh. The need for electrical power from January to September 2022 amounted to 859,151 kWh. The SCS hybrid power plant can reduce the use of paid electrical energy and its costs by 83.60%. The investment, operational, and maintenance cost requirement is IDR 10,747,886,801. The return on investment (ROI) analysis results show that the return on investment can be achieved for up to 34 years.
Automatic transfer switch for DC system application
Authors: Hidayat Mohammad Noor , Wijaya Wildan Surya , Putri Ratna Ika
Published: December 2023

Automatic transfer switches (ATS) have the potential to be important in ensuring uninterruptible power supply across a wide range of sectors, enabling smooth transitions between utility and emergency RES power sources, generators, and more. Utilizing DC electricity provides a cost advantage and is suitable for short-distance transmission. The author proposes a 12-volt DC backup system that corresponds to a minimum input voltage of more than 10 Vdc and can be applied in various DC load applications. The ATS design incorporates multiple inputs and uses algorithms to prevent simultaneous operation of all sources and reduce feedback. These developments in backup system technology, coupled with the shift to renewable energy, are contributing to the creation of a sustainable and resilient electricity grid. In experiments, the ATS system demonstrated its ability to provide 24 hours of backup power with a specified load (lighting bulbs, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), motors, and fans) discharging 0.27–2.25 Amperes. Using the millis programming language, it supports the performance of a constant switch transition speed of around 0.6453 seconds for a switch from buck to SCC. 0.658 seconds for solar charge controller (SCC) to power supply (PSU), 0.656 seconds for PSU to CC PSU, and 0.61 seconds for PSU to OFF.
Particle swarm optimization for enhanced maximum power point tracking: design and implementation in Proteus
Authors: Priya Murugesan Vishnu , Kumar Gopal Anandha
Published: December 2023

This study introduces a photovoltaic (PV) system model tailored for PV design, incorporating a particle swarm optimization (PSO) MPPT technique to achieve optimal efficiency, swift responsiveness, and cost-effectiveness. To initiate, a PV module model is formulated within Proteus using SPICE coding. Subsequently, an experimental test setup is deployed to authenticate and validate the model. Following this, a PSO-based MPPT algorithm is proposed, which overcomes the limitations of conventional perturb and observe (P&O) and incremental conductance MPPT methods, notably reducing the reliance on mathematical divisions. To substantiate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, both methodologies are implemented on an affordable Arduino Uno platform utilizing the simulated PV module model. The outcomes highlight that the PSO-based MPPT algorithm excels in terms of rapid response (0.09 s), minimal steady-state oscillation, and an impressive 99 percent efficiency.
Effects of integration of distributed generation on reliability in distribution system
Authors: Jayappa Rudresha Sogilu , Basappa Marulasiddappa Hallikeri , Ramaiah Kirankumar Gama , Rajappa Gopinath Harsha
Published: December 2023

The reliability of power supply to consumers is the main factor that is to be considered while designing, planning and operation of a distribution network. This problem can be solved by incorporating distributed generation (DG) at the consumer side itself. In order to enhance service availability, power quality, reliability, and loss reduction, DG is positioned optimally at the consumer end within the system. The optimal DG location and size is to be calculated in such a way that the total loss in the system should be minimal and cost savings should be maximal. In this study, for the investigation of effects of DG on reliability of distribution system, a practical 11 KV feeder with 41-bus, was employed. The selected practical feeder is modelled using the power world simulator (PWS) software and reliability of the system is verified by calculating various reliability indices such as system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI), system average interruption duration index (SAIDI), customer average interruption duration index (CAIDI), average system utility index (ASUI) and average service availability index (ASAI). After applying proposed loss sensitivity factor (LSF) method, the active and reactive power loss reduction are 41.30 % and 38.64 % respectively, least bus voltage is enhanced to 0.9405 pu from 0.8978 pu and the reliability indices are also improved.
A novel hybrid method based MPP tracking design using boost converter for solar power systems
Authors: Ngo Sy , Chiu Chian-Song , Ngo Thanh-Dong , Nguyen Cao-Tri
Published: December 2023

The convergence time is one of the key parameters for evaluating the energy conversion efficiency of PV power systems in the experimental process of tracking the maximum power point (MPP) in real-time. When the PV system is partially shaded, for example, MPP tracking easily slips into the local MPP and takes a long time. To overcome this drawback, a new solution for a stand-alone PV power system has been proposed that combines the incremental conductance (In-Cond) algorithm and the improved grey wolf optimization (GWO) approach. The improved GWO technique changed the methodology is used to find the global power area in this proposed method, and it is integrated with the In-Cond algorithm to fast obtain the global MPP. To demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested strategy, MATLAB/ Simulation and experiment results of the PV system are provided. The proposed hybrid method has a quick response time of 0.18 to 0.42 seconds for good transient oscillation and global power tracking, whereas the classic GWO and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods take 0.82 to 2.1 seconds and 0.68 to 2.2 seconds, respectively. The global MPP was obtained not only with uniform irradiance intensity, but also with partial shade.
Power quality stabilization system for grid connected large-scale solar power system
Authors: Kalal Vijay Kumar , Byalihal Shankarlingappa Channappa
Published: December 2023

This paper presents solution to power quality issues when integrating a 1.5 MW photovoltaic array (PVA) with a unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) into the power grid. A modified unit vector template control scheme is used to generate a reference load voltage signal, and a synchronous reference frame (SRF) is created using a low-pass filter to control UPQC. Furthermore, the PVA is interfaced with the grid through a common DC link of shunt and series converters. The series converter mitigates power quality problems allied with the grid side, such as 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics, voltage sag, and voltage swell, by introducing signals in phase and out of phase voltage, respectively, at the point of common coupling (PCC). The shunt converter mitigates nonlinear load current harmonics and compensates for reactive power using SRF. The suggested methodology is implemented using MATLAB Simulink with both linear and nonlinear loads under different power quality conditions. Total harmonic distortions are maintained below 5% at PCC, as per IEEE-519 standards.
DSP in the loop implementation of an improved sliding mode control for induction motor drive
Authors: El Haissouf Mohammed , El Haroussi Mustapha , Ba-Razzouk Abdellfattah
Published: December 2023

This paper deals with the design and processor in the loop implementation of an improved sliding mode control of three-phase induction motor. Studied control strategy uses a state-space model expressed in the rotor flux frame. Proposed control strategy is designed in two steps based in cascaded method. This controller is based on new smooth functions replacing sign functions to reduce chattering phenomenon. This work integrates also a calculation of controller parameters to ensure set response times. It focuses on the study of these proposed techniques and their effect on motor waveforms. For code generation of the control algorithm, implementation and validation by processor in the loop technique we have created a platform based on MATLAB/Simulink with code composer studio as integrated development environment and the development board LAUNCHXL-F28069M from Texas instruments. Obtained results show that the proposed strategy reduces chattering using a simple algorithm.
Performance monitoring as fault detection approach on AC power output of monocrystalline grid-connected photovoltaics system
Authors: Muhammad Nurmalessa , Zaid Norsyafrina Abdul , Zainuddin Hedzlin , Yunus Puteri Nor Ashikin Megat
Published: December 2023

As per the Malaysian sustainable energy development authority (SEDA), Malaysia has seen a significant growth in renewable energy thanks to the feed-in tariff (FiT) program. However, photovoltaic (PV) systems in tropical countries like Malaysia experience degradation due to technological factors and operating conditions. The effectiveness of PV systems is influenced by geographical location and weather conditions. This research study conducted a comparative analysis between the actual power output PAC_actual and the predicted power output PAC_expected, referred to as the acceptance ratio (AR). The study also assessed the yield and performance ratio (PR) of a PV system situated at the green energy research center (GERC) in Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. The actual monocrystalline grid-connected photovoltaic (GCPV) system versus predicted AC power and AR were monitored over a year, with MATLAB software used for simulating output power based on real data. According to the Malaysian Standard MS2692:2020, an AR value of 0.9 or higher is required for approval in testing and commissioning tests. The findings indicate that most AR graphs fall below this threshold, and the PR value for each month is below 0.75, suggesting a need for significant system overhaul.
Designing an optimal PID controller for a PV-connected Zeta converter using genetic algorithm
Authors: Hussain Abadal-Salam T. , Taha Faris Hassan , Fadhil Hilal A. , Salih Sinan Q. , Taha Taha A.
Published: December 2023

This paper suggests a way of fixing problems of voltage fluctuations and peak overshoot in a PV-connected Zeta converter system. The Zeta converter in the proposed approach is controlled using proportional integral derivative (PID) while a genetic algorithm (GA) calculates the PID coefficients based on the control mechanism. The performance of the designed system was analyzed in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The analysis showed that the proposed system reduced the output voltage ripple and peak overshoot during transient conditions by providing feedback to the converter through the PID controller, this is a significant improvement when compared to the results found without a PID controller.
Risk to pollution of aquifers associated with productive activities and environmental management of water resources: bibliometric analysis and trends
Authors: Yepes Gloria Yaneth Florez , Álvarez Angela María Alzate , Cardona Paola Vásquez , Marín Luis Alberto Vargas , Arcila Erika Juliana Aldana , Hoyos Fredy E.
Published: December 2023

Its analyzed the evolution and trends of the concept, and studies the models used to know the vulnerability and risk of aquifers and strategies for their management. The methodological process starts from questions guiding the knowledge of research trends, authors among others to proceed to carry out the analyses from the databases of Scopus, Web of Science and Dimensions. VOSviewer and Bibliometric (Rstudio) software were used. Among the most representative results, it was found that most of the research to determine the risk of aquifer contamination is focused on different models such as improved flux prototypes for NO2 emission from agriculture (IPNOA), pollutant origin surcharge hydraulically (POSH), intrinsic vulnerability methods ground water occurrence, overall aquifer class, depth to groundwater (GOD), depth recharge, aquifer, soil, topography, impact, hydraulic conductivity (DRASTIC), substance, infiltration, not saturated, type of coverage, topographic surface, conductivity (SINTACS) and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) among others. Different models have been used that integrate both hydrological and hydro-geological aspects as well as social aspects including fundamental rights, other models such as the diffuse model, which has had better results in its application, the gaps in the research, are especially focused on conducting holistic research when assessing the risk of these dynamical systems.
Experimental study on modified GOA-MPPT for PV system under mismatch conditions
Authors: Muhammad Nur Afida , Tajuddin Mohammad Faridun Naim , Azmi Azralmukmin , Jamaludin Mohd Nasrul Izzani , Ayob Shahrin Md , Sutikno Tole
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a modified grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) tailored for optimizing the power extraction capability of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system. The algorithm`s focus is on addressing one of the issues associated with mismatch loss (MML), particularly the mismatch (MM) in solar irradiance conditions, to attain maximum output power. The core strategy of the GOA involves optimizing the duty cycles of the converter to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) for the PV system. The PV system configuration comprises three PV modules connected in series and a SEPIC converter. To facilitate efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT), the paper proposes using the GOA as a controlling mechanism. The study employs a comparative approach, contrasting the performance of the proposed system against established algorithms, such as PSO and GWO. The results of these evaluations exhibit the superior performance of the proposed GOA when compared to other optimization techniques. The GOA exhibits exceptional MPPT tracking characteristics, characterized by rapid tracking speed, heightened efficiency, and minimal oscillations within the PV system. Consequently, the GOA effectively addresses one of the MML issues.
Stirling engine multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Taki Oumaima , Rhazi Kaoutar Senhaji , Mejdoub Youssef
Published: December 2023

With the growing demand of energy globally, the actual worrying state of the earth’s finite resources, namely fossil fuels, opens up the scope of energy researches to innovative and efficient solutions. Stirling engine has been an interesting subject of study since its invention, and many studies dealt with Stirling engine efficiency with attempts to optimize it in order to have a proper use of the engine in the real world, depending on the use cases. Stirling engine is an external combustion engine with a theoretical efficiency equivalent to that of Carnot. Alongside the global awareness to use efficient and less resource consuming solutions, there has been a spiking growth in the set of tools that are conceived to achieve that; specifically in the machine learning area. Among the various available algorithms, the one used in the hereby study is the non-sorted genetic algorithm II, which falls into the genetic algorithms category. This algorithm is well suited for multi-objective optimization problems; it consists of selecting the best design parameters that are contained in predefined upper and lower bounds, based on multiple objective functions.
Dual axis solar tracking system for agriculture applications using machine learning
Authors: Somasundaram Deepa , Dhandapani Lakshmi , Kathirvel Jayashree , Sagayaraj Marlin , Jagadeesan Vijay Anand
Published: December 2023

The three most basic amenities required for human survival are food, shelter and clothing. In today's tech-savvy generation, these have experienced a great deal of scientific advancement. Unfortunately, agriculture is still more man power-oriented. So they have to rely on the hit and trial method to learn from experience which leads to waste of time. In proposed work includes an automated system using dual axis solar tracking system and gives crop recommendation for different types of soil to yield maximum. The suggested system is a dual-axis solar tracker based on machine learning that is intended to considerably increase the effectiveness of energy harvesting. The approach makes use of the logistic regression algorithm (LR) to do this. This novel strategy tries to maximize the solar panel's ability to produce energy, leading to increased energy yields. The quality of soil is predicted by using suitable sensors for crop recommendation. The data’s are temperature, humidity, pH of soil, nitrogen, phosphorous & potassium in soil and rainfall in soil are considered. For crop recommendation six algorithms- SVM, KNN, Native Bays, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree classifier, Random Forest Classifier are applied and tested. It is found that random forest classifier gave us excellent results.
Physician Variation and the Impact of Payment Model in Cardiac Imaging
Authors: Quinn Amity E. , Chew Derek S. , Faris Peter , Au Flora , James Matthew T. , Tonelli Marcello , Manns Braden J.
Published: December 2023

Background

The influence of fee‐for‐service reimbursement on cardiac imaging has not been compared with other payment models. Furthermore, variation in ordering practices is not well understood.

Methods and Results

This retrospective, population‐based cohort study using linked administrative data from Alberta, Canada included adults with chronic heart disease (atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and heart failure) seen by cardiac specialists for a new outpatient consultation April 2012 to December 2018. Generalized linear mixed‐effects models estimated the association of payment model (including the ability to bill to interpret imaging tests) and the use of cardiac imaging and quantified variation in cardiac imaging. Among 31 685 adults seen by 308 physicians at 136 sites, patients received an observed mean of 0.67 (95% CI, 0.67–0.68) imaging tests per consultation. After adjustment, patients seeing fee‐for‐service physicians had 2.07 (95% CI, 1.68–2.54) and fee‐for‐service physicians with ability to interpret had 2.87 (95% CI, 2.16–3.81) times the rate of receiving a test than those seeing salaried physicians. Measured patient, physician, and site effects accounted for 31% of imaging variation and, following adjustment, reduced unexplained site‐level variation 40% and physician‐level variation 29%.

Conclusions

We identified substantial variation in the use of outpatient cardiac imaging related to physician and site factors. Physician payment models have a significant association with imaging use. Our results raise concern that payment models may influence cardiac imaging practice. Similar methods could be applied to identify the source and magnitude of variation in other health care processes and outcomes.
Ovarian Tumor Domain‐Containing 7B Attenuates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Ubiquitination and Degradation of Krüppel‐Like Factor 4
Authors: Du Bin‐Bin , Zhang Jie‐Lei , Kong Ling‐Yao , Shi Hui‐Ting , Zhang Dian‐Hong , Wang Xing , Yang Chun‐Lei , Li Peng‐Cheng , Yao Rui , Liang Cui , Wu Lei‐Ming , Huang Zhen
Published: December 2023

Background

Cardiac hypertrophy (CH) is a well‐established risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases and a primary cause of mortality and morbidity among older adults. Currently, no pharmacological interventions have been specifically tailored to treat CH. OTUD7B (ovarian tumor domain‐containing 7B) is a member of the ovarian tumor‐related protease (OTU) family that regulates many important cell signaling pathways. However, the role of OTUD7B in the development of CH is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the role of OTUD7B in CH.

Methods and Results

OTUD7B knockout mice were used to assay the role of OTUD7B in CH after transverse aortic coarctation surgery. We further assayed the specific functions of OTUD7B in isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We found that OTUD7B expression decreased in hypertrophic mice hearts and phenylephrine‐stimulated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, OTUD7B deficiency exacerbated transverse aortic coarctation surgery‐induced myocardial hypertrophy, abnormal cardiac function, and fibrosis. In cardiac myocytes, OTUD7B knockdown promoted phenylephrine stimulation‐induced myocardial hypertrophy, whereas OTUD7B overexpression had the opposite effect. An immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry analysis showed that OTUD7B directly binds to KLF4 (Krüppel‐like factor 4). Additional molecular experiments showed that OTUD7B impedes KLF4 degradation by inhibiting lysine residue at 48 site‐linked ubiquitination and suppressing myocardial hypertrophy by activating the serine/threonine kinase pathway.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that the OTUD7B‐KLF4 axis is a novel molecular target for CH treatment.
Real‐World Evaluation of an Automated Algorithm to Detect Patients With Potentially Undiagnosed Hypertension Among Patients With Routine Care in Hawaiʻi
Authors: Thompson Mika D. , Wu Yan Yan , Nett Blythe , Ching Lance K. , Taylor Hermina , Lemmen Tiffany , Sentell Tetine L. , McGurk Meghan D. , Pirkle Catherine M.
Published: December 2023

Background

This real‐world evaluation considers an algorithm designed to detect patients with potentially undiagnosed hypertension, receiving routine care, in a large health system in Hawaiʻi. It quantifies patients identified as potentially undiagnosed with hypertension; summarizes the individual, clinical, and health system factors associated with undiagnosed hypertension; and examines if the COVID‐19 pandemic affected detection.

Methods and Results

We analyzed the electronic health records of patients treated across 6 clinics from 2018 to 2021. We calculated total patients with potentially undiagnosed hypertension and compared patients flagged for undiagnosed hypertension to those with diagnosed hypertension and to the full patient panel across individual characteristics, clinical and health system factors (eg, clinic of care), and timing. Modified Poisson regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted risk ratios. Among the eligible patients (N=13 364), 52.6% had been diagnosed with hypertension, 2.7% were flagged as potentially undiagnosed, and 44.6% had no evidence of hypertension. Factors associated with a higher risk of potentially undiagnosed hypertension included individual characteristics (ages 40–84 compared with 18–39 years), clinical (lack of diabetes diagnosis) and health system factors (clinic site and being a Medicaid versus a Medicare beneficiary), and timing (readings obtained after the COVID‐19 Stay‐At‐Home Order in Hawaiʻi).

Conclusions

This evaluation provided evidence that a clinical algorithm implemented within a large health system's electronic health records could detect patients in need of follow‐up to determine hypertension status, and it identified key individual characteristics, clinical and health system factors, and timing considerations that may contribute to undiagnosed hypertension among patients receiving routine care.
Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social
Science?
Authors: Ziems Caleb , Held William , Shaikh Omar , Chen Jiaao , Zhang Zhehao , Yang Diyi
Published: December 2023

Large language models (LLMs) are capable of successfully performing many language processing tasks zero-shot (without training data). If zero-shot LLMs can also reliably classify and explain social phenomena like persuasiveness and political ideology, then LLMs could augment the computational social science (CSS) pipeline in important ways. This work provides a road map for using LLMs as CSS tools. Towards this end, we contribute a set of prompting best practices and an extensive evaluation pipeline to measure the zero-shot performance of 13 language models on 25 representative English CSS benchmarks. On taxonomic labeling tasks (classification), LLMs fail to outperform the best fine-tuned models but still achieve fair levels of agreement with humans. On free-form coding tasks (generation), LLMs produce explanations that often exceed the quality of crowdworkers’ gold references. We conclude that the performance of today’s LLMs can augment the CSS research pipeline in two ways: (1) serving as zero-shot data annotators on human annotation teams, and (2) bootstrapping challenging creative generation tasks (e.g., explaining the underlying attributes of a text). In summary, LLMs are posed to meaningfully participate in social science analysis in partnership with humans.
Aesthetic Motivation Impacts Judgments of Others’ Prosociality and Mental Life
Authors: Agrawal Tanushree , Schachner Adena
Published: December 2023

The ability to infer others’ prosocial vs. antisocial behavioral tendencies from minimal information is core to social reasoning. Aesthetic motivation (the value or appreciation of aesthetic beauty) is linked with prosocial tendencies, raising the question of whether this factor is used in interpersonal reasoning and in the attribution of mental capacities. We propose and test a model of this reasoning, predicting that evidence of others’ aesthetic motivations should impact judgments of others’ prosocial (and antisocial) tendencies by signaling a heightened capacity for emotional experience. In a series of four pre-registered experiments (total N = 1440), participants saw pairs of characters (as photos/vignettes), and judged which in each pair showed more of a mental capacity of interest. Distractor items prevented participants from guessing the hypothesis. For one critical pair of characters, both characters performed the same activity (music listening, painting, cooking, exercising, being in nature, doing math), but one was motivated by the activities’ aesthetic value, and the other by its functional value. Across all activities, participants robustly chose aesthetically-motivated characters as more likely to behave compassionately (Exp. 1; 3), less likely to behave selfishly/manipulatively (Exp. 1; 3), and as more emotionally sensitive, but not more intelligent (Exp. 2; 3; 4). Emotional sensitivity best predicted compassionate behavior judgements (Exp. 3). Aesthetically-motivated characters were not reliably chosen as more helpful; intelligence best predicted helpfulness judgements (Exp. 4). Evidence of aesthetic motivation conveys important social information about others, impacting fundamental interpersonal judgments about others’ mental life and social behavior.
Mitochondrial DNA variation in an endemic aquatic snail genus, Caldicochlea (Hydrobiidae; Caenogastropoda) in Dalhousie Springs, an Australian arid-zone spring complex
Authors: COLGAN D. J. , DA COSTA P.
Published: December 2023

The gastropod genus Caldicochlea, with two recognized species C. harrisi and C. globosa, is endemic to Dalhousie Springs, an artesian spring system in arid northern South Australia. A previous study using allozymes showed that C. harrisi is found in most of the active outflows but C. globosa is confined to the larger, hotter springs in the northern third of the complex where the species are sympatric and that hybridization may be frequent in only two springs. The evolutionary relationships within Caldicochlea were investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S: 75 sequences) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI: 27 sequences). Clades corresponding to the two species are seen in both the 16S and COI analyses, the average Kimura 2- parameter distance between the clades being 0.028 ± 0.007 for 16S rRNA and 0.040 ± 0.016 for COI with no evidence that the recognized taxa represent species complexes. Only four of 22 16S haplotypes in C. harrisi were found in more than one spring and only two of 12 in C. globosa. No COI haplotype was found in more than one spring. In one spring where earlier research suggested that interbreeding may occur, all scored DNA sequences belonged to the C. harrisi clade and in the other such spring all scored sequences belonged to the C. globosa clade. The data do not clarify whether the time of primary divergence between the species occurred in situ at Dalhousie Springs. The absence of suitable habitat refugia since the onset of Pleistocene aridity suggests that the species have been sympatric or parapatric over tens of thousands of years, raising questions as to how an incomplete reproductive isolation can be maintained and how both species could persist in such a geographically restricted area.
A new fossil non-marine snail (Gastropoda) from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian,Griman Creek Formation) of eastern Australia
Authors: HAMILTON-BRUCE ROBERT J. , KEAR BENJAMIN P.
Published: December 2023

A new genus and species of fossil non-marine gastropod, Fretacaeles gautae, is described from the Lower Cretaceous (middle- Upper Albian) opal-bearing rocks of the Griman Creek Formation at Lightning Ridge, northern New South Wales, Australia. The taxon is difficult to place at family level but shares morphological (including conical, globose shell with large aperture [lacking apertural teeth], inflated last whorl, and distinct shouldering), morphometric, and ecological (predominantly estuarine palaeohabitat) characteristics with fossil and living viviparid taxa. Fretacaeles gautae possesses a mosaic of features variably developed in other viviparid genera: relatively high spire, steeply inclined (weakly stepped) shoulders, impressed whorls, reduced ornamentation, and aperture with length greater than width. The significance of F. gautae, as a new member of Australia’s Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropod assemblage, is discussed.
Partial Mitochondrial Genome of Haliotis conicopora(Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda, Mollusca)
Authors: WANG AISUO , ROFFEY PAUL , BLANCHARD CHRISTOPHER
Published: December 2023

The arrangement of protein and rRNA encoding genes in the mitochondrial genome of Haliotis conicopora (Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda, Mollusca) has been partly determined using standard PCR methods. Two gene complexes, one including COIII/ ND3/ND2/COI/COII/ATP8/ATP6, and the other including 12S/16S/ND1/ND6/Cyt b/ND4L/ND4/ND5, are clarified. It is revealed that, if tRNA genes are ignored, the mitochondrial gene order of Haliotis conicopora is in agreement with that of Haliotis rubra (Vetigastropoda, Gastropoda, Mollusca) (NC_005940).
A review of the land snail genus Meridolum (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from central New South Wales, Australia
Authors: CLARK STEPHANIE A.
Published: December 2023

Species of Meridolum Iredale, 1942 have previously been recognised as occurring from southern Queensland south along the New South Wales coast and coastal ranges to eastern Victoria, and are characterised by subglobose to depressed helicoid shells that range in size from about 10–33 mm in height and 15–39 mm in diameter. The genus was thought to contain a small number of widespread species, with the main radiation centred within 200 km of Sydney, central New South Wales. Using a combination of morphological, anatomical and genetic markers the current study has revealed a remarkable diversity in shell morphology, reproductive anatomy and genetic structure. This study has resulted in the recognition of 22 species (seven new) allocated to five genera (four new). Most species have narrow ranges with four only known from their type locations. One species, Meridolum corneovirens (Pfeiffer, 1851), has been listed as endangered, but several more species in the complex, probably from both Queensland and New South Wales, also merit listing.
Karyotypes in Onchidium struma (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Systellommatophora)
Authors: SHEN HEDING , WANG LING , DAI XINXIN , SHI ZHIYI
Published: December 2023

Karyological analysis was performed on the ovotestis of Onchidium struma with flame-drying techniques. The ovotestis chro-mosome numbers are 18 haploid and 36 diploid without exception. The mitotic chromosome complement has 13 metacentric pairs and five submetacentric pairs with the karyotype formula n= 13M+5SM. This is the first study undertaken on chromo-somes of O. struma with fine mitotic metaphases, making an explanation the ring-shaped chromosomes. Compared with other onchidellids recorded in the literature, the haploid number (18) of O. struma is the same as Onchidium verraculaturn and Onchidella evelinae but is one bivalent more than Onchidella kurodai.
Retraction: Austrofusus glans (Röding, 1798) is the type species of Austrofusus Kobelt, 1879 (Gastropoda: Buccinulidae)
Authors: BEU ALAN G. , MARSHALL BRUCE A.
Published: December 2023

Contrary to the conclusion reached by Beu and Marshall in this journal last year, Neptunea (Austrofusus) nodosa Martyn, 1784 was one of the species originally included in Austrofusus when it was first established by Kobelt in 1879, so the subsequent type species designation by Martens in 1882 is valid, and Austrofusus is the correct genus to use for Drupa glans Röding, 1798. The genus for the South American taxa incorrectly referred to Austrofusus by Beu and Marshall , and currently in Aeneator Finlay, 1926, remains to be established.
Sexual development, sex ratio and morphometrics of Pteria penguin (Bivalvia: Pteriidae), in north-eastern Australia
Authors: MILIONE MICHAEL , SAUCEDO PEDRO , SOUTHGATE PAUL
Published: December 2023

Pteria penguin were collected at Orpheus Island, north-eastern Queensland to observe sexual development, sex ratio and changes in morphometric relationships during growth. P. penguin are protandrous hermaphrodites, with all sexually mature oysters below 88.8 mm dorso-ventral height (DVH) being males. Evidence of male primary gonad development was seen in oysters with a DVH of ≥33.9 mm. Sexual maturity of males was first seen in oysters at ≥56.0 mm DVH, but was common in oysters at ≥70.0 mm DVH. Mean female size was 150.1 (±3.6) mm DVH, and mean male size was 111.3 (±2.2) mm DVH. In oysters <170 mm DVH, males outnumbered females. The female to male sex ratio in the population tended towards 1:1 with increasing size. Female to male sex ratio of oysters between 170-180 mm DVH was 1:1, and females outnumbered males in oysters 180 mm DVH. Significant linear correlations were found between anterior-posterior length of the shell (APL) and DVH (r2 = 0.97, p <0.001) and between shell thickness (ST) and DVH (r2 = 0.95, p <0.001), and a curvilinear relationship was recorded between adductor muscle weight (AW) and DVH (r2 = 0.93, p <0.001). These findings have industry applications for collection of juvenile stock, spawning induction procedures and determining optimal shell size for pearl nucleus implanting.
Leuconidae Sars, 1878 (Crustacea: Cumacea) from the southwestern Atlantic, filling the distribution gap along the Brazilian coast
Authors: BRITO AYRTON DO RAMO , SEREJO CRISTIANA SILVEIRA
Published: December 2023

The family Leuconidae Sars, 1878 is one of the eight widely recognized families of Cumacea and can be found in all oceans, but often in deeper waters (> 200 m). Despite its worldwide distribution, Southwestern Atlantic records were restricted to Argentina and Uruguay, indicating a gap in the knowledge of the group along the Brazilian coast. Samples were collected in the Campos, Espírito Santo and Santos Basins with box core and/or van Veen grabs between 16–3000 m in depth. A total of five new species and a new genus are described herein. Leucon (Alytoleucon) rhuanae sp. nov., Leucon (Crymoleucon) pseudograndidentatus sp. nov., Leucon (Macrauloleucon) watlingi sp. nov., Eudorella helenae sp. nov. and Gyneleucon tripedium gen. et sp. nov. The lack of knowledge on cumacean leuconids along the Brazilian coast is clearly a result of taxonomic impediment. The present study is an effort towards understanding and revealing the Cumacea fauna from the Brazilian margin, bringing new data on the family Leuconidae found in the continental shelf and slope of the Espírito Santo, Campos and Santos Basins, areas with high oil and gas exploration. Promoting the characterization of these areas is essential to a wide understanding of the local species richness and consequently provides tools for preservation and monitoring activities.
Nikoulabasis roseosticta, sp. nov. from Fiji (Odonata: Coenagrionidae)
Authors: BEATTY CHRISTOPHER D. , RASHNI BINDIYA , CORDERO-RIVERA ADOLFO , MARINOV MILEN
Published: December 2023

Nikoulabasis roseosticta sp. nov. (holotype ♂, Fiji, Vanua Levu Island, Navuturerega creek, 6 August 2009, Christopher Beatty leg.) is erected as a new taxon. Illustrations of key characters and a distribution map are provided.
A new species of amphipod of the genus Demaorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2022 (Senticaudata, Talitridae) from Chilika Lagoon, east coast of India
Authors: BHOI GITANJALI , TARAFDAR LIPIKA , PATRO SHESDEV
Published: December 2023

The genus Demaorchestia Lowry & Myers, 2022 comprises five species globally. This paper adds a new species D. alanensis sp. nov. to this group, thus increasing the total number of global species to six. The sample was collected from the shoreline of Chilika Lagoon near Barkul, east coast of India. The new species can be distinguished from the other members of the genus by having two or three groups of robust setae on the anterior margin of the propodus of gnathopod 1. With the description of this new species, the article further confirms the occurrence of the subfamily Platorchestiinae and the genus Demaorchestia along Indian coast.