bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BUKU GLOBALISASI (JALAN MENUJU KESEJAHTERAAN) DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Supriyanto Supriyanto , Isbandiyah Isbandiyah
Published: February 2024

This writing aims to analyze the content of the book “Globalization: Road to Prosperity” and its relevance to social studies education, particularly in preparing social studies teachers to equip themselves as educators teaching social studies from a global perspective. The qualitative method is employed with a literacy study approach. Based on the analysis results, it can be concluded that the book “Globalization: Road to Prosperity” is more applicable to developed countries, while for developing countries, including Indonesia, it is more of a discourse, indicating that although we are in the era of globalization, entering it still requires a considerable amount of time. One notable agreement is that a statement in this book mentions, "Undeniably, we are now in communication, meaning that global communication is deceptive. When the internet is present in a country, it becomes more difficult to control what citizens do with it. However, modern technology is a double-edged sword, making it easier to regulate and monitor specific object movements. In education, facing the era of globalization, educators are responsible for developing and equipping learners with skills and confidence to face increasingly challenging life situations. Social studies educators can incorporate global education into social studies instruction to make learning more meaningful.
Follow-up Distress in Patients Undergoing Partial Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Cancer: a Descriptive Cohort Study
Authors: Irikura Cardoso Giovana
Published: February 2024

Thyroid nodules are a common issue in clinical practice, and 5 to 10% of them are malignant. Surgery remains the principal treatment, and total or partial thyroidectomy can be performed. Years ago, total thyroidectomy was the main recommendation in the guidelines, but studies have shown that partial surgery is acceptable in less aggressive cases. The type of surgery depends on the surgeon's expertise and the preservation of the patient's quality of life, so that the entire tumor is removed. Some issues may put the surgeon in distress when deciding to perform the partial operation, as they may lead to the need for reoperation. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records of patients with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma undergoing partial thyroidectomy between 2015 and 2020 and reported what were the situations of distress related to the cases and the outcome (need of reoperation). In our sample, 63 (13,7%) of 458 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer treated surgically have undergone partial thyroidectomy and, of these, 10 (15,9%) patients had factors that caused distress to the surgeon and 53 (84,1%) had not. Of the patients with distress factors, five (50%) needed reoperation. Our results show that even when distress factors are present, partial thyroidectomy is still a viable option to the surgeon. We believe that the results obtained will help doctors in clinical practice to choose the surgical modality indicated for each patient.
Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism: New Insights into an Enigma
Authors: Singhania Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Calcium is a very important electrolyte - necessary for neurotransmission, cell signaling, and bone development. Hence, blood calcium levels are to be kept in a safe normal range. The parathyroid hormone has an important role in calcium metabolism at the level of the bone, kidney, or GI tract. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition of reduced formation of parathyroid hormone.
Late Presentation of Bartter Syndrome as Refractory Hypokalemia
Authors: Pandya Karan Jaykrushna
Published: February 2024

Bartter syndrome is a rare salt-wasting nephropathy characterized by sporadic or inherited genetic defects in transporters and channels in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and distal tubule of Nephron leads to renal potassium wasting with hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, increased renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, normal blood pressure. Most of the cases have been noted in the pediatric age group and adult-onset cases are very rare. Here we report an unusual case report of Bartter's syndrome in a 52 years old male patient.
Contributions of Estradiol to Male Pathophysiology
Authors: Gupta P D
Published: February 2024

Primarily estrogens are considered female sex hormone, however this is necessary for males too albeit in smaller amounts. Estradiol is the most potent form and also found in males.
Revisiting Resistin: A Novel Signaling Molecule in the Development of Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: K. Gambhir Kanwal
Published: February 2024

Resistin has a role in the development of insulin resistance, occurring through the pathways of glucose regulation, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to revisit the topic of resistin and uncover the latest research on this novel molecule. Additionally, another aim was to create a molecular diagram detailing how resistin contributes to the development of insulin resistance in humans through these pathways. This resulting diagram demonstrates that resistin may play an integral role in the development of insulin resistance. Further in vivo studies are needed to investigate the action of resistin within humans. Further research in this area could potentially lead to the development of pharmaceutical therapies that target resistin to treat insulin resistance.
ASYMMETRIC SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS NEWS IN HISTORICAL DATA FORECASTING SYSTEMS
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Tkachyk Denys , Kvietnyi Roman ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

Forecasting data in financial markets is a pertinent task in the modern world. The ability to predict market movements helps investors avoid obvious risks and spare themselves additional expenses. Numerous trading platforms have been developed to quickly access extensive historical data, enabling real-time analysis of the financial market from any corner of the planet using only a laptop or personal computer. Such platforms allow the development of unique strategies and approaches based on fundamental or technical analysis, taking into account news about a particular company, its earnings, capitalization, and the amount of dividends it is expected to pay on time. Business news is a crucial source of information about the state of the economy and markets. They can be used for forecasting future events. One method of forecasting based on business news is sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis allows assessing the positivity or negativity of business news.Traditional sentiment analysis methods employ a symmetric approach. This means that positive and negative news are equally considered in forecasting. However, in the real world, positive news may have a greater impact on markets than negative news. This is because positive news can stimulate economic activity, while negative news may hinder it. The article explores the application of asymmetric sentiment analysis of business news in financial data forecasting systems. Various methods of sentiment analysis of business news, their advantages, and disadvantages are analyzed. A new approach to sentiment analysis of business news is proposed, which comprehensively utilizes artificial neural networks and principal component analysis.
DEVELOPMENT OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE THERMAL FIELD OF AN INTEGRAL STRUCTURE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SENSORS FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Pavlov Sergii , Wójcik Waldemar ,   Lublin University of Technology, Holyaka Roman ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Azarov Olexiy ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Nykyforova Larysa ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Longyin Yang ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

The paper deals with the implementation of a complex technique for electrothermal modeling of measuring transducers of thermal flow sensors, which combines the synthesis of the impulse temperature relaxation substitution circuit and the method of forming the I-V converters in the mode of their self-heating by the supply current. The issue of assessing the instability of iteration processes in the analysis of I/V measuring converters with negative differential resistance, which is caused by self-heating of these converters, is considered. An express method for determining the limits in which correct electrothermal DC analysis is provided for use in biomedical devices and systems has been developed.
EXPERT BIOINFORMATION SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING FORMS OF ACUTE LEUKEMIA BASED ON ANALYSIS OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATION
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Jingiong Li , Pavlov Sergii ,   Vinnytsia National Technical University
Published: February 2024

The introductory chapter established the context for this paper by stressing the significance of leukemia in healthcare and the challenges associated with both diagnosis and therapy. The paper ultimate objective is to provide an information technology solution to these issues, thereby improving patient care and prognosis. A conceptual model of an expert system for the diagnosis of acute leukemia is proposed, which will reduce the ambiguity in the interpretation of research objects. Factors influencing the correct recognition of complex objects (images of blast and non-blast blood cells) using an expert system based on computer microscopy methods are considered.
Комунікативно-прагматичний потенціал простого речення як варіанта синтаксичної одиниці «речення» в українській прозі для дітей
Authors: Іваницька Ніна
Published: February 2024

Introduction. The article describes the results of the study of the simple sentence as a variant of the syntactic unit "sentence" in terms of revealing the signs of communicative and pragmatic potential in Ukrainian prose for children.
Purpose. The research aims at characteristics of the communicative and pragmatic potential of the simple sentence (two-member, one-member). It focuses on the generalizations about its stylistic functions in children prose (based on the material of V. Nestaiko's prose).
Methods. The dominant method was scientific analysis, based on theoretical provisions about the relationship between language and thinking; the well-known axiom about the combination of formal and semantic factors in the qualification of syntax postulates was applied. Elements of distributional and transformational analysis were also used.
Results. A corpus of two-member and one-member simple sentences (without secondary parts and with them) was created within the text by V. Nestaiko for children. The tasks set in the study have been solved.
Originality. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the widest possible use of traditional and new methods of analyzing children prose that is quite original in content and grammar.
Conclusion. The results obtained in the study demonstrate an in-depth analysis of the syntactic unit "sentence" in the children prose, and the approach itself can be considered a guideline for studying other syntactic units of the Ukrainian language, as well as in the comparative aspect.
Агатангел Кримський і створення історичного словника української мови
Authors: Дидик-Меуш Ганна
Published: February 2024

Introduction. This article explores the significant contributions of Academician Ahathanhel Krymskyi to the development of Ukrainian historical lexicography during the early 20th century.
Purpose. The primary objective of this article is to investigate the role played by academician A. Krymskyi, as the head of the historical-philological department of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in shaping Ukrainian historical lexicography in national and European contexts. To achieve this goal, we have outlined the following tasks: 1) to analyze the source materials related to the activities of the historical-philological department and the history of creating the Commission for compiling the historical dictionary of the Ukrainian language under the editorship of Prof. Yevhen Tymchenko; 2) to еxamine the socio-political situation in Ukraine overall and within the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, particularly in the 1920s-1930s; 3) to сlarify the role played by academician A. Krymskyi in creating the first historical dictionary of the Ukrainian language.
Methods. This article employs descriptive and comparative methods for presenting research results, along with classification, observation, and assumption methods.
Results. Our research has established that academician Krymskyi strongly advocated appointing Prof. Tymchenko as the responsible editor of the historical dictionary. He outlined several defining characteristics of Prof. Tymchenko, which are now applicable in characterizing any scholar working in language history and historical lexicography. The documents from that time confirm the active and fruitful work of the group of historian-lexicographers:

An extensive dictionary index (300,000 cards) created based on Ukrainian sources from the 14th to the 18th centuries.
The compilation of two volumes of the historical dictionary, with the first volume (A–Z) published in 1930 in two volumes, while the second volume was destroyed in the printing house.

Originality. This study is unique, as the documents related to the activities of the Commission for compiling the historical dictionary have not been subjected to detailed scientific study and analysis, nor have other documents from the archives of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences regarding the work of Ukrainian historians been the object of research.
Conclusion. The research conducted with archival materials today is of utmost importance. These documents provide invaluable insights into the nuances of the era, including the various stages of the Academy of Sciences activities, the specifics of the work of Ukrainian linguists in compiling the historical dictionary, and its consequences. The Soviet regime banned the dictionary and disbanded the group responsible for compiling it. Furthermore, the dictionary's chief editor, Yevhen Tymchenko, was repressed and stripped of his right to work as a linguist for an extended period.
The manuscript of Nizami’s “Khosrow and Shirin” in Judeo-Persian from the collection of Elkan Nathan Adler
Authors: Ashkenazi R. S.
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the ϐirst stages of the study of one of the most unique manuscripts in the collection of Elkan Nathan Adler (1861–1946), currently kept at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York. This manuscript (press mark MS 1398) is of great value. In addition to the fairly complete text of Nizami Ganjavi’s poem “Khosrow and Shirin” (142 sheets), it contains 12 miniatures of high quality. The importance of studying this manuscript is due to the very limited number of illustrated manuscripts in the Judeo-Persian language, making this codex a valuable source for the history of Judeo-Persian and Persian miniatures in general. In addition, a comprehensive study of this manuscript will allow us to better understand the nature of Jewish-Persian contacts, as well as the extent of their depth.
Enhancing Digital Skills for the Deaf in Lahore: A Study of Training Program Effectiveness
Authors: Khaliq Khurram , Riaz Maliha , Anwar Shazia
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to explore the effectiveness of computer courses offered in different vocational institutes as perceived by persons with hearing impairment (PWHI). The research utilized a quantitative paradigm with a descriptive design. The target population comprised PWHI who had undertaken computer training. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from 180 PWHI enrolled in computer courses across four institutions in Lahore, Pakistan. SPSS software-enabled analysis of the data using frequency distributions for demographic information and respondent statements. Findings revealed most participants were satisfied with their acquired knowledge from the training courses, without facing substantial difficulties. Furthermore, respondents conveyed an understanding of the concepts and perceived the skills as beneficial for employment. Responses relating to instruction indicated most instructors used sign language during lessons and provided adequate time for supervised practice. Recommendations from the study advise enhancing course content to include skills to enable earning potential from freelancing.
Digital Diplomacy in Pakistan: Prospects And Challenges
Authors: Ashraf Hafiza Saba
Published: February 2024

This article explores the prospects and challenges of digital diplomacy in Pakistan. In recent years, Pakistan has recognized the importance of harnessing digital tools to enhance diplomatic engagement, both domestically and internationally. By analyzing the current landscape and examining case studies, this article highlights the potential benefits of digital diplomacy for Pakistan, including improved public outreach, increased transparency, and enhanced soft power projection. Additionally, it discusses the challenges that may impede its successful implementation, such as limited internet access, cyber threats, and institutional resistance. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities presented, Pakistan can leverage digital diplomacy to effectively represent its interests in a rapidly evolving global arena. Ultimately, this article serves as a comprehensive resource for policymakers, diplomats, and scholars interested in understanding the potential of digital diplomacy in Pakistan and its implications for foreign affairs.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ПАКУВАННЯ РІЗАЛЬНОГО ІНСТРУМЕНТУ
Authors: ЧОРНОВАЛЮК Дмитро , СОКОЛАН Юлія , СОКОЛАН Катерина , МАЙДАН Павло , СЕЛЬСЬКИЙ Андрій
Published: February 2024

В роботі розглядається пневматичний підхід до автоматизації процесу пакування ножівкових полотен. Такий підхід полягає у розробці принципової схеми та конструкції лінії автоматизованого пакування від станції нанесення маркування до станції зварювання упаковок. У запроєктованій лінії проведено підбір циліндрів, датчиків, програмованого логічного контролера, а також прораховано вартість встановлення такої системи.

Запровадження автоматизованого пакування ножівкових полотен дозволяє збільшити швидкість пакування, підвищити рівень безпеки працівників внаслідок мінімізації ризику отримання порізів від гострих країв ножівкових полотен.

В роботі запропонована принципова схема розташування обладнання в приміщенні, де проводиться пакування різального інструменту, а також розроблено циклограму роботи циліндрів системи та їх пневматична схема. Також наводяться підпрограми ПЛК, який керує автоматизованою лінією пакування різального інструменту.
Apolipoprotein ε4-Associated Protection Against Pediatric Enteric Infections Is a Survival Advantage in Pre-Industrial Populations
Authors: Smith Carr J. , Ashford J. Wesson
Published: February 2024

Until 300,000 years ago, ancestors of modern humans ubiquitously carried the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4/ε4 genotype, when the ε3 allele mutated from the ancestral ε4, which elevates the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Modern humans living today predominantly carry the ε3 allele, which provides protection against heart disease and dementia in long-lived populations. The ancestral ε4 allele has been highly preserved in isolated populations in tropical and Arctic regions with high pathogen burdens, e.g., helminths. Early humans experienced serious enteric infections that exerted evolutionary selection pressure, and factors that mitigate infant and childhood mortality from enteric infections also exert selection pressure. Some bacteria can exploit the host’s defensive inflammatory response to colonize and invade the host. Pathogen-induced inflammation associated with infant and childhood diarrhea can damage the gut wall long after the invading organisms are no longer present. Inflammation not only resides in the mucosal wall, but also induces systemic inflammation. Baseline systemic inflammation is lower in ε4 carriers, yet ε4 carriers display a stronger host inflammatory response that reduces pathogen burdens, increasing infant and early childhood survival. Evolutionary selection of the ε3 allele likely occurred after humans moved into temperate zones with lower pathogen burdens, unrelated to protection from Alzheimer’s disease.
Toward Prevention and Reduction of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: González-Madrid Antonia , Calfío Camila , González Andrea , Lüttges Valentina , Maccioni Ricardo B.
Published: February 2024

Different investigations lead to the urgent need to generate validated clinical protocols as a tool for medical doctors to orientate patients under risk for a preventive approach to control Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, there is consensus that the combined effects of risk factors for the disease can be modified according to lifestyle, thus controlling at least 40% of cases. The other fraction of cases are derived from candidate genes and epigenetic components as a relevant factor in AD pathogenesis. At this point, it appears to be of critical relevance the search for molecular biomarkers that may provide information on probable pathological events and alert about early detectable risks to prevent symptomatic events of the disease. These precocious detection markers will then allow early interventions of non-symptomatic subjects at risk. Here, we summarize the status and potential avenues of prevention and highlight the usefulness of biological and reliable markers for AD.
Influence of Comorbidity of Cerebrovascular Disease and Amyloid-β on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yassi Nawaf , Hilal Saima , Xia Ying , Lim Yen Ying , Watson Rosie , Kuijf Hugo , Fowler Christopher , Yates Paul , Maruff Paul , Martins Ralph , Ames David , Chen Christopher , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Salvado Olivier , Desmond Patricia M. , Masters Colin L.
Published: February 2024

Background: Quantifying the contribution of cerebrovascular disease to the clinical and pathological profile of Alzheimer’s disease is challenging. Objective: We aimed to determine the influence of cerebrovascular disease, amyloid-β (Aβ), and their comorbidity on cognitive decline, hippocampal atrophy, and Aβ deposition, by evaluating data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker and Lifestyle Study of Ageing. Methods: Two-hundred and eighteen participants underwent Aβ PET, MRI, and cognitive assessment at 18-month intervals for up to 90 months. Aβ status was determined on baseline PET. Participants were also classified as V+ on baseline MRI if they had 1 large cortical infarcts, subcortical infarcts, or cortical cerebral microinfarcts; or white matter hyperintensity volume greater than the 90th percentile of healthy controls. Linear mixed models were conducted comparing slopes of change in cognition, hippocampal volume, and Aβ load between the four resultant groups. Results: Mean age at baseline was 74 years (range 5996). One-hundred and fifteen participants were cognitively normal, 54 had mild cognitive impairment, and 49 had Alzheimer’s disease. Compared to the Aβ-/V- group, the Aβ+/V- and Aβ+/V+ groups showed significantly faster cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy over 90 months. V+ status was associated with greater cognitive decline (Cohen’s d = 0.85, p < 0.001) and hippocampal atrophy (d = 2.05, p < 0.001) in the Aβ+ group but not in the Aβ- group. V+ status was not associated with Aβ accumulation in any group. Conclusion: Comorbidity of cerebrovascular disease and Aβ was associated with cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Cerebrovascular disease was not associated with the rate of Aβ accumulation.
Sex-Specific Patterns of Body Mass Index Relationship with White Matter Connectivity
Authors: Rahmani Farzaneh , Wang Qing , McKay Nicole S. , Keefe Sarah , Hantler Nancy , Hornbeck Russ , Wang Yong , Hassenstab Jason , Schindler Suzanne , Xiong Chengjie , Morris John C. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Raji Cyrus A.
Published: February 2024

Background: Obesity is an increasingly recognized modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Increased body mass index (BMI) is related to distinct changes in white matter (WM) fiber density and connectivity. Objective: We investigated whether sex differentially affects the relationship between BMI and WM structural connectivity. Methods: A cross-sectional sample of 231 cognitively normal participants were enrolled from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center. Connectome analyses were done with diffusion data reconstructed using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction to obtain the spin distribution function and tracts were selected using a deterministic fiber tracking algorithm. Results: We identified an inverse relationship between higher BMI and lower connectivity in the associational fibers of the temporal lobe in overweight and obese men. Normal to overweight women showed a significant positive association between BMI and connectivity in a wide array of WM fibers, an association that reversed in obese and morbidly obese women. Interaction analyses revealed that with increasing BMI, women showed higher WM connectivity in the bilateral frontoparietal and parahippocampal parts of the cingulum, while men showed lower connectivity in right sided corticostriatal and corticopontine tracts. Subgroup analyses demonstrated comparable results in participants with and without positron emission tomography or cerebrospinal fluid evidence of brain amyloidosis, indicating that the relationship between BMI and structural connectivity in men and women is independent of AD biomarker status. Conclusion: BMI influences structural connectivity of WM differently in men and women across BMI categories and this relationship does not vary as a function of preclinical AD.
Cross-Cultural Comparisons of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in a Diverse Primary Care Population
Authors: Rodríguez Danelly , Ayers Emmeline , Weiss Erica F. , Verghese Joe
Published: February 2024

Background: Very few studies have explored the utility of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) in primary care settings. Objective: We aim to investigate associations between SCCs (item-level), objective cognitive function (across domains and global), and mood in a diverse primary care population, including subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: We studied 199 (75.9% females; 57.8% Hispanics; 42.2% African Americans) older adults (mean age 72.5 years) with memory concerns at a primary care clinic. A five-item SCC questionnaire, and objective cognitive assessments, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale, were administered. Results: Logistic regression analyses showed associations between SCC score and depressive symptoms. A memory-specific (“memory worsening”) SCC predicted scores on the MoCA (p = 0.005) in Hispanics. Conclusion: SCCs are strongly linked to depressive symptoms in African Americans and Hispanics in a primary care setting; a specific type of SCC is related to global cognitive function in Hispanics.
Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementia in Indigenous Populations: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors
Authors: Walker Jennifer D. , Spiro Grace , Loewen Kassandra , Jacklin Kristen
Published: February 2024

Background: There remains a lack of information and understanding of the prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia in Indigenous populations. Little evidence available suggests that Indigenous peoples may have disproportionately high rates of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD). Objective: Given this information, this study systematically explores what risk factors may be associated with ADRD in Indigenous populations. Methods: A search of all published literature was conducted in October 2016, March 2018, and July 2019 using Medline, Embase, and PsychINFO. Subject headings explored were inclusive of all terms related to Indigenous persons, dementia, and risk. All relevant words, phrases, and combinations were used. To be included in this systematic review, articles had to display an association of a risk factor and ADRD. Only studies that reported a quantifiable measure of risk, involved human subjects, and were published in English were included. Results: Of 237 articles originally identified through database searches, 45 were duplicates and 179 did not meet a priori inclusion criteria, resulting in 13 studies eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Conclusion: The large number of potentially modifiable risk factors reported relative to non-modifiable risk factors illustrates the importance of socioeconomic context in the pathogenesis of ADRD in Indigenous populations. The tendency to prioritize genetic over social explanations when encountering disproportionately high disease rates in Indigenous populations can distract from modifiable proximal, intermediate, and distal determinants of health.
Neurobiology of COVID-19
Authors: Fotuhi Majid , Mian Ali , Meysami Somayeh , Raji Cyrus A.
Published: February 2024

Anosmia, stroke, paralysis, cranial nerve deficits, encephalopathy, delirium, meningitis, and seizures are some of the neurological complications in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) which is caused by acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2). There remains a challenge to determine the extent to which neurological abnormalities in COVID-19 are caused by SARS-Cov2 itself, the exaggerated cytokine response it triggers, and/or the resulting hypercoagulapathy and formation of blood clots in blood vessels throughout the body and the brain. In this article, we review the reports that address neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 who may present with acute neurological symptoms (e.g., stroke), even without typical respiratory symptoms such as fever, cough, or shortness of breath. Next, we discuss the different neurobiological processes and mechanisms that may underlie the link between SARS-Cov2 and COVID-19 in the brain, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Finally, we propose a basic “NeuroCovid” classification scheme that integrates these concepts and highlights some of the short-term challenges for the practice of neurology today and the long-term sequalae of COVID-19 such as depression, OCD, insomnia, cognitive decline, accelerated aging, Parkinson’s disease, or Alzheimer’s disease in the future. In doing so, we intend to provide a basis from which to build on future hypotheses and investigations regarding SARS-Cov2 and the nervous system.
Potential Involvement of Varicella Zoster Virus in Alzheimer’s Disease via Reactivation of Quiescent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
Authors: Cairns Dana M. , Itzhaki Ruth F. , Kaplan David L.
Published: February 2024

Background: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) has been implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vaccination against shingles, caused by VZV, has been found to decrease the risk of AD/dementia. VZV might reside latently in brain, and on reactivation might cause direct damage leading to AD, as proposed for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a virus strongly implicated in AD. Alternatively, shingles could induce neuroinflammation and thence, reactivation of HSV-1 in brain. Objective: To investigate these possibilities by comparing the effects of VZV and HSV-1 infection of cultured cells, and the action of VZV infection on cells quiescently infected with HSV-1. Methods: We infected human-induced neural stem cell (hiNSC) cultures with HSV-1 and/or VZV and sought the presence of AD-related phenotypes such as amyloid-β (Aβ) and P-tau accumulation, gliosis, and neuroinflammation. Results: Cells infected with VZV did not show the main AD characteristics, Aβ and P-tau accumulation, which HSV-1 does cause, but did show gliosis and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that VZV’s action relating to AD/dementia is indirect. Strikingly, we found that VZV infection of cells quiescently infected with HSV-1 causes reactivation of HSV-1 and consequent AD-like changes, including Aβ and P-tau accumulation. Conclusion: Our results are consistent with the suggestion that shingles causes reactivation of HSV1 in brain and with the protective effects against AD of various vaccines, as well as the decrease in herpes labialis reported after certain types of vaccination. They support an indirect role for VZV in AD/dementia via reactivation of HSV-1 in brain.
Aging-Related Protein Alterations in the Brain
Authors: Syed Rafay Ali , Hayat Mahnoor , Qaiser Hammad , Uzair Mohammad , Al-Regaiey Khalid , Khallaf Roaa , Kaleem Imdad , Bashir Shahid
Published: February 2024

Aging is an intrinsic aspect of an organism’s life cycle and is characterized by progressive physiological decline and increased susceptibility to mortality. Many age-associated disorders, including neurological disorders, are most commonly linked with the aging process, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the effects of aging and AD on the molecular pathways and levels of different proteins in the brain, including metalloproteins, neurotrophic factors, amyloid proteins, and tau proteins. AD is caused by the aggregation of amyloid proteins in the brain. Factors such as metal ions, protein ligands, and the oligomerization state of amyloid precursor protein significantly influence the proteolytic processing of amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Tau, a disordered cytosolic protein, serves as the principal microtubule-associated protein in mature neurons. AD patients exhibit decreased levels of nerve growth factor within their nervous systems and cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, a significant increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor resulting from the neuroprotective effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor suggests that the synergistic action of these proteins plays a role in inhibiting neuronal degeneration and atrophy. The mechanism through which Aβ and AβPP govern Cu2+ transport and their influence on Cu2+ and other metal ion pools requires elucidation in future studies. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of aging and AD on molecular pathways and varying protein levels may hold the potential for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the treatment of AD.
Vitamin D Reduces GABA-Positive Astrocytes in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kang Jiseung , Park Mincheol , Kim Tae
Published: February 2024

Background:

Vitamin D has neuroprotective and immunomodulating functions that may impact glial cell function in the brain. Previously, we reported molecular and behavioral changes caused by deficiency and supplementation of vitamin D in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mouse model. Recent studies have highlighted reactive astrocytes as a new therapeutic target for AD treatment. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of vitamin D on the glial cells of AD remain unclear.

Objective:

To investigate the potential association between vitamin D deficiency/supplementation and the pathological progression of AD, including amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology and reactive astrogliosis.

Methods:

Transgenic hemizygous 5XFAD male mice were subjected to different dietary interventions and intraperitoneal vitamin D injections to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on AD. Brain tissue was then analyzed using immunohistochemistry for Aβ plaques, microglia, and astrocytes, with quantifications performed via ImageJ software.

Results:

Our results demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency exacerbated Aβ plaque formation and increased GABA-positive reactive astrocytes in AD model mice, while vitamin D supplementation ameliorated these effects, leading to a reduction in Aβ plaques and GABA-positive astrocytes.

Conclusions:

Our findings highlight the significant impact of vitamin D status on Aβ pathology and reactive astrogliosis, underscoring its potential role in the prevention and treatment of AD. This study provides the first in vivo evidence of the association between vitamin D and reactive astrogliosis in AD model mice, indicating the potential for targeting vitamin D levels as a novel therapeutic approach for AD.
Multi-scale and multi-patch feature fusion network for person re-identification
Authors: Wu Yanqiu , Liu Min , Sun Dehong
Published: February 2024

Person re-identification relies on discriminative features. However, most researches focus on extracting features from the high-layer of network while ignoring the middle-layer features, some important details are overlooked frequently. To address this issue, we propose a Multi-Scale and Multi-Patch Feature Fusion Network(MSPF). We employ modified OSFA to extract, align, and fuse the feature maps in the middle-layer of network, which can compensate for the lack of detailed information in the high-level network features. To obtain richer detailed global features of pedestrian, we construct a multi-patch feature fusion module(MPF). We concatenate the global features extracted from modified OSFA and MPF to obtain global features with richer detailed representations. Cross-entropy loss, triplet loss and center loss are combined to constrain our model. We evaluate the performance of our model on Market-1501, CUHK03_labeled and DukeMTMC. The results prove that our method is superior to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Application of facial expression recognition technology based on feature fusion in teaching
Authors: Deng Xiangyu , Hu Yiman , Yang Yahan
Published: February 2024

With the development of artificial intelligence technology, the digital transformation of student-oriented education becomes particularly important. How to promote real-time interaction between teachers and students in the classroom is an urgent issue which is needed to pay attention to. Based on the facial expression features of students in a classroom, this paper analyzes the changes in angles between facial expression feature points using Dlib. Additionally, this paper proposes a novel algorithm for extracting variable scale template edge trend features. The algorithm adaptively processes the template based on the edge trend features of expression feature points, and use the proposed template slope normalization algorithm to achieve multi-scale template edge trend extraction. Then, DNN are used to recognize different listening expressions. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has faster recognition speed and better robustness when applied to classroom expression recognition. By identifying students’ class status to remind teachers to adjust their class progress, the goal of improving classroom learning effectiveness is achieved
“Every day you are working you have to prove it”: Navigating the costs of work and ableism with visual impairment
Authors: Savin Katie , Morris Zachary A. , Wise Marion S. , Marinoff Rebecca
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND: People with visual impairment often need many items that their sighted counterparts do not, such as assistive devices, transportation services, and other disability-related goods and services. Acquiring these items represents a major barrier to the employment of people with visual impairment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the nature of disability-related employment costs as they relate to engagement in the labor market of people with visual impairment. METHODS: The research consisted of a qualitative analysis of interviews and focus groups with 15 visually impaired adults from the New York metro area. RESULTS: What emerged were the costs of accessing and maintaining employment— particularly related to meeting the expectations of expediency in the modern world— in areas like communication and transportation. These costs interacted with perceived ableism in the labor market and created a climate of job scarcity and anxiety, which came at additional cost to participants who felt stuck in low-paying work. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is needed on the impact of perceived ableism and disability-related employment costs, and on decreasing barriers to programs that may ameliorate these costs, such as vocational rehabilitation services. Such research would inform policy interventions geared toward enhancing disabled people’s participation in the labor market.
Family Patterns in the Western and the Eastern World
Authors: Oesterdiekhoff Georg
Published: February 2024

The great gulf between the Western and the Eastern world becoming obvious in the early modern times has also manifested in different family types. The Western family notches to the market economy very early while the Eastern family matches to subsistence economy and peasantry. While the West developed early the nuclear family, the East indulged the extended family. Both types of family determined a different role of women in family and society. Under the conditions of modernization and globalization, however, the Western type of family puts through increasingly, replacing the divergent forms of extended families.
Urban Heat Island and Its Relation to Green Spaces and Built-up Areas: A Study in Delhi, the Capital City of India
Authors: Mendiratta Kamakshi , Das Pulak
Published: February 2024

Urbanization has brought along with it changes in land use and land cover (LULC), which are not only causing changes in the spatial characteristics of the landscape but also in land surface temperatures, leading to the formation of surface urban heat islands (UHI). This study thus tries to understand the effect of LULC change on land surface temperature (LST) in Delhi between 2013 and 2020 and also tries to see if Delhi has a presence of surface UHI in the year 2020 by comparing the surface temperatures of built-up and green spaces. For collecting data, three geospatial tools were used, namely remote sensing, Google Earth Pro, and the QGIS application. For extracting LST, LULC, and the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Landsat 8 satellite images were used. The results obtained revealed that change in LULC leads to a change in LST, as all locations which underwent LULC change from non-built-up to built-up and from vegetated to non-vegetated experienced an increase in surface temperatures. Secondly, the results confirmed the presence of a surface UHI in Delhi in the year 2020, as built-up areas recorded more LST than the green spaces. In addition, the low surface temperatures at green spaces highlight the importance of vegetation in mitigating the impact of the urban heat island and recommend city planning with more green spaces.
The Evolution of Talysh Ethnic Identity: From Soviet Manipulation to Contemporary Reality
Authors: Kokaisl Petr
Published: February 2024

The article delves into the historical and contemporary aspects of the Talysh people's ethnic identity, tracing its evolution from the Russian Empire, through the Soviet Union's nationality policies, to the current situation in independent Azerbaijan. It highlights the Soviet era's impact on Talysh identity, including forced assimilation and demographic manipulations, while emphasizing the resurgence of Talysh culture through digital media in recent years. This resurgence serves both as a form of resistance against assimilation and as a means to promote cultural preservation and awareness. The study underscores the importance of digital platforms in facilitating the Talysh people's efforts to reclaim and revitalize their heritage, language, and traditions, offering insights into the broader implications for ethnic minority groups navigating identity preservation within and beyond national borders.
The enterprise management in the force majeure conditions of its activities
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Bozhanova Viktoriia , Vecherov Valerii ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kononova Oleksandra ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chernysheva Olena ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Dykun Dmytro ,   Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture
Published: February 2024

The latest spread of military conflicts globally became a prerequisite for choosing the goal of this scientific study: to develop recommendations for the use of an enterprise management tool under force majeure circumstances and of its activity and its approval. The scientific novelty was the proposal to use the tool of the theory of limitations of systems for the management of enterprises in force majeure conditions (war). The practical value is that the article proposes a universal management tool for any enterprise in force majeure conditions of operation, in which any enterprises of any countries may find themselves as a result of military aggression by invaders. In the scientific article, using the example of VUD LLC (Dnipro, Ukraine), which produces small-scale concrete products, economic indicators were analyzed, corresponding graphs were constructed, conclusions were drawn. These made it possible to find a “bottleneck” according to the theory of system limitations and develop practical recommendations for solving his problems in force majeure conditions of the organization’s activity. Therefore, the research carried out regarding the work of this enterprise during the war in Ukraine made it possible to expose such weak points and develop new opportunities and potential for development, which will make this enterprise more competitive. The management tool of operational management – the theory of system limitations provides entrepreneurs with a universal approach to finding problems arising in force majeure conditions. Therefore, the sequence of management actions by enterprises should be aimed at finding the “bottlenecks” and making efforts to expand them in any of its subsystems.
Awareness of Ukrainian communities and enterprises about the problems of the Danube region
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Polytechnic Institute”, Ivanova Tetiana
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to studying the level of awareness of Ukrainian communities and businesses about the problems of the Danube Region, which is an important environmental, economic and social factor for the country. The study includes responses of the population and entrepreneurs to important questions aimed at determining the level of awareness of the region's problems, identifying the main challenges faced by the Danube region, and evaluating initiatives and projects aimed at restoring the Danube. The scientific contribution of the article is to formulate recommendations for the development of the Danube Region. The article analyzes the respondents' views on the importance of attracting investment in infrastructure and environmental projects in the Danube Region to promote socio-economic development. The study takes into account the opportunities in the region and the issue of engaging the public and businesses to work together on the development of the Danube Region. The study also assesses the importance of Ukraine's cooperation with the European Union for the restoration and development of the Danube Region, given its geostrategic importance and potential for joint initiatives and projects. In addition, the article provides recommendations that should be developed to improve the condition of the Danube Region of Ukraine and its adjacent territories. The results of this study may be useful for further strategic decisions and improvement of living conditions in the Danube Region. This article will contribute to deepening knowledge about the current state of the Danube Region, its problems and development opportunities, opening the way for further research and joint work on solving important problems in the region. These recommendations can be offered as a basis for further elaboration of the State Strategy for the Development of the Region, which will be aimed at improving the environmental, economic and social situation in the Danube Region, and will contribute to strengthening cooperation between Ukraine and the European Union for the joint development of this important region.