bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract B046: Methylation based circulating tumor DNA serial monitoring correlates with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Hsiao Angela , Woodward Brian , Ye Patrick , Varga Matthew , Lu Kevin , Altaie Ghaith , Searle Naomi , Veins Robb , Langpap Sydne , Li Zeqian , Palmer Gary , Husain Hatim
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can reflect the genetic and epigenetic composition of malignancies and can serve as a non-invasive biomarker for cancer diagnostics and monitoring. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of a methylation based ctDNA assay as a predictive tool in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) anti-PD1 based immunotherapy monitoring. Methods: We evaluated a cohort of patients with NSCLC treated with anti-PD1 based immunotherapy, from which 108 blood specimens were collected at baseline and during treatment follow-up. Tumor Methylation Scores (TMS) were measured with an amplicon-based, multiplexed cfDNA assay that utilizes quantitative counting templates (QCTs) in conjunction with next-generation sequencing to count the number of methylated molecules at more than 500 genomic locations that are hypermethylated in cancer tissue. The association between TMS and real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) on therapy was conducted using Cox proportional hazards model and plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The change in TMS measured 4-10 weeks post-treatment initiation strongly correlated with immunotherapy response, as measured by rwPFS (p<0.0001), compared to a weaker correlation of imaging RECIST v1.1 measurements with rwPFS (p=0.55). Furthermore, TMS tracked with tumor burden on therapy in real-world cases. Conclusions: In this real-world dataset of NSCLC patients treated with anti- PD1 immunotherapy regimens, TMS scores measured within a 4-10 week window after treatment initiation can be predictive of response to therapy. Beyond this window, the TMS score can be associated with rwPFS and tumor dynamics. Early evidence suggests that changes in the methylation profile may be informative for monitoring occurrence of new somatic mutations. The cases presented demonstrate the applicability of using TMS for serial therapeutic response monitoring.

Citation Format: Angela Hsiao, Brian Woodward, Patrick Ye, Matthew Varga, Kevin Lu, Ghaith Altaie, Naomi Searle, Robb Veins, Sydne Langpap, Zeqian Li, Gary Palmer, Hatim Husain. Methylation based circulating tumor DNA serial monitoring correlates with immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B046.
Abstract B054: Using FRAGILE score to capture context-dependent cfDNA fragmentation patterns for inference on their tissues-of-origin
Authors: De Subhajyoti
Published: November 2024

Cell-free nucleic acids circulating in blood and other body fluids are usually highly fragmented and derived from multiple different tissue types, which makes it challenging to obtain information about their cellular and contextual origin. Analyzing low coverage cell-free DNA whole genome sequencing data from 243 healthy individuals, we showed that cfDNA fragmentation and degradation patterns vary depending on their underlying genomic and epigenomic contexts. We developed a composite index called FRAGILE Score (FRagment of Atypical GC and Irregular Length Enrichment Score) to capture the structure, sequence, and fragmentation-related properties of cell-free, and showed that the score carried information about the epigenomic contexts of the cfDNA fragments. A deconvolution approach based on the score predicts the cell type contribution in serum cfDNA from healthy individuals and cancer patients. We collected blood and urine of a cohort of 30 bladder urothelial carcinoma patients, and found that cfDNA derived from blood and urine had very different fragmentation characteristics. An analysis of cfDNA from paired urine and blood samples from this showcased utility of the score in predicting clinical and pathological characteristics non-invasively for clinical management of the patients.

Citation Format: Subhajyoti De. Using FRAGILE score to capture context-dependent cfDNA fragmentation patterns for inference on their tissues-of-origin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B054.
Abstract B062: Transcriptomic analysis of whole blood samples from prostate cancer patients: A comparative study of patients from geographically diverse populations
Authors: Koduru Srinivas V , Kidd Mark , Pieters Ané , Nagel S E , Millar Robert P , Halim Abdel B
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer across 112 countries. Among American men, an estimated 299, 010 new cases and 35,250 deaths are projected for 2024. In this study, the transcriptomic profile of prostate cancer patients from geographically and ethnically diverse cohorts (USA-Caucasian, RSA-Black) were compared to identify gene expression patterns associated with prostate cancer. Methods: Whole blood samples were collected from PCa and controls. Controls had the same age-range as PCa with no clinical indication of prostatic disease and serum PSA levels below 1.5 ng/ml. RNA was isolated, sequencing was carried out on Novaseq 6000, and data analyzed using PartekFlow to identify differential gene expression patterns (RSA-PCa: 6, RSA-Control: 6, USA-PCa: 7, USA-Control: 11). qRT-PCR was undertaken on a cohort of 27 biomarkers (PROSTest) related to PCa in whole blood. Results: Differential expression analysis identified distinct patterns in USA and RSA groups. In the USA PCa cohort, 2,193 genes were differentially expressed compared to the controls with fold change (FC) >1, p-value (p) <0.05, while in the RSA PCa cohort, 1,627 genes were differentially expressed compared to the controls. Pathway analyses identified enrichment for immune responsive genes in the RSA cohorts. We identified that 26 of 27 Wren’s PROSTest genes detectable in both groups. RNAseq and normalized PCR gene expression were well- correlated (r=0.44, p=0.0012, n=30 pairs). Conclusion: Based on this RNAseq study, there may be geographic differences related to ethnicity in overall blood RNA gene expression. We specifically identified alterations in immune function gene expression between the USA and RSA. Importantly, PROSTest genes were detected in both populations and exhibited a significant correlation. Development of gene signatures for biomarker discovery should, however, consider specific ethnicities and geographical regions.

Citation Format: Srinivas V Koduru, Mark Kidd, Ané Pieters, S E Nagel, Robert P Millar, Abdel B Halim. Transcriptomic analysis of whole blood samples from prostate cancer patients: A comparative study of patients from geographically diverse populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B062.
Abstract B069: Spatial and single-cell proteomic landscaping of the hypoxic microenvironment in glioblastoma
Authors: Gandhi Shreya , Mansouri Sheila , Singh Olivia , Zaidi Mark , Wu Ronald , Gao Andrew , Wouters Bradley , Zadeh Gelareh
Published: November 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal adult solid tumour with median overall survival of 18-20 months post-diagnosis; contributing factors to therapeutic inefficacy include acquisition of genomic alterations post-therapy, immune evasion, deregulated hypervascularization, and tumor microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia. Combined with extensive inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity at bulk and single-cell level, hypoxia contributes to a gradient of molecular alterations that are specific to different cell populations that make up tumour bulk and reside in specific niches. Hitherto, high-dimensional histopathologic analyses of hypoxic regions within GBM tissue have not been performed. We took a combined spatial and single-cell proteomic profiling approach to investigate the histopathologic features of hypoxia by leveraging a unique clinical study wherein the exogenous hypoxia marker, pimonidazole (PIMO), was administered to GBM-patients preoperatively. Tissue specimens were subjected to imaging mass cytometry, high-resolution imaging, and serial immunohistochemistry using a panel of markers associated with cellular hallmarks of hypoxia, metabolism, proliferation, stemness, angiogenesis, and immune cell types. Our findings showed that PIMO staining is associated with histopathologic features of hypoxia and correlates with specific metabolic, immune, and stemness markers in GBM; specific lymphocyte populations were depleted from hypoxic regions alongside alterations in macrophagic and microglial landscape in a niche-specific manner; hypoxia reduced the proportion of proliferating glioma initiating cells and altered the proliferative, transcriptional, and translational capacity of different cell populations; microvessel density was reduced in hypoxic microenvironment. Cytometry by time-of-flight further validated the altered proportions of specific immune cell types enriched in hypoxic populations of GBM microenvironment. Our study is the first to report use of PIMO to interrogate spatial, single-cell, and phenotypic architecture associated with tissue hypoxia and altered expression of biomarkers associated with hypoxia/glycolysis, immune infiltration, proliferation, and stemness. Identification of targetable biomarkers and mediators of hypoxia-driven habitats in GBM may provide direction for future immunotherapeutic research.

Citation Format: Shreya Gandhi, Sheila Mansouri, Olivia Singh, Mark Zaidi, Ronald Wu, Andrew Gao, Bradley Wouters, Gelareh Zadeh. Spatial and single-cell proteomic landscaping of the hypoxic microenvironment in glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B069.
Abstract B072: Molecular targets of caffeine in breast cancer treatment: A network pharmacology approach
Authors: Osei Kingsley A , Owusu Justina S
Published: November 2024

In Ghana, breast cancer leads in female cases (31.8%), demanding advanced treatments. Rising caffeine-filled energy drinks raise concerns. Yet, caffeine's role in breast cancer lacks understanding, urging more research. Our study uses network pharmacology and molecular docking to unravel the intricate molecular targets of caffeine in breast cancer, offering new therapies for this widespread disease We identified breast cancer-related targets from GEO datasets and TCGA databases, while caffeine targets were obtained from the SwissTarget Prediction database and literature. Common targets of both caffeine and breast cancer were considered using Venny software. PPI networks were generated using STRING and Cytoscape, identifying hub genes. Target proteins were annotated using the GO database, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed using KEGG. To investigate the binding affinity target proteins were retrieved from the Protein DataBank and docking studies were conducted using AutoDock Vina to explore the binding interactions between caffeine and potential target proteins identified. We identified 108 targets, and 6 common targets, including Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1, Cyclin B1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Cyclin B2, Monoamine Oxidase A, and Carbonic Anhydrase 12 in relation to breast cancer. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed their interactions in key pathways such as the P53 signaling pathway and Foxo signaling pathway, suggesting their critical roles in anti-breast cancer processes. Notably, caffeine exhibited the best overall binding affinity when interacting with CDK1, CCNB1, EGFR, and CCNB2 These findings provide valuable insights into the potential molecular targets and pathways associated with caffeine's anti-breast cancer effects, offering new strategies for therapeutic strategies.

Citation Format: Kingsley A Osei, Justina S Owusu. Molecular targets of caffeine in breast cancer treatment: A network pharmacology approach [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B072.
Abstract B075: Detection of early gastric carcinoma by micronuclei DNA from erythrocytes
Authors: Han Yuehua , Yao Xingyun , Sun Haobo , Fang Cheng , Li Peiwei , Liang Honghao , Jin Jie , Gao Xiaofei
Published: November 2024

Background: Advancements in non-invasive diagnostic technologies for gastric carcinoma (GC), including serum microRNA and cell-free DNA assays, have shown promise but still face challenges in achieving consistent early detection. Micronuclei (MN), extranuclear bodies harboring fragmented chromosomal segments, are indicative of genomic instability and have been employed in genotoxicity assessments and cancer diagnostics. We have developed a novel technique (WO2021/228246 A1) for the purification and characterization of micronuclei DNA (MN-DNA) extracted from erythrocytes in peripheral blood. Here, we evaluated the potential of micronuclei DNA (MN-DNA) from 2ml peripheral blood for early gastric carcinoma detection and explored its application for early cancer diagnosis. Methods: We assembled a clinical cohort consisting of 425 healthy donors (HDs) and 282 gastric cancer patients, from whom 1-2 mL peripheral blood samples were collected. Participants were randomly allocated into training, validation, and independent test cohorts in a 7:2:1 ratio, ensuring similar distributions of cancer stages and gender. MN-DNA was isolated from erythrocytes and subjected to comprehensive whole-genome sequencing. Predictive machine learning models were constructed utilizing distinct tumor-associated MN-DNA features identified through genome-wide analysis to distinguish between HDs and GC. Results: Comprehensive genome-wide analysis of MN-DNA demonstrated pronounced disparities in distribution patterns between HDs and GC patients. The predictive model built on MN-DNA features achieved an AUC of 97.69% (95%CI: 95.57- 99.81%), with an 96.47% specificity and 91.07% sensitivity in the independent test cohort. The model identified early GC (stage 0-I) and advanced GC (stage II-IV) with sensitivities of 95.24% or 78.57%, respectively. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that MN-DNA from 1-2mL peripheral blood enable accurate detection of GC, especially in early GC. As a type of cytoplasmic DNA, MN-DNA can provide a valuable tool for early cancer detection, offering different underlying mechanisms compared to current methods. Research sponsor: Timing Biotech.

Citation Format: Yuehua Han, Xingyun Yao, Haobo Sun, Cheng Fang, Peiwei Li, Honghao Liang, Jie Jin, Xiaofei Gao. Detection of early gastric carcinoma by micronuclei DNA from erythrocytes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Liquid Biopsy: From Discovery to Clinical Implementation; 2024 Nov 13-16; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(21_Suppl):Abstract nr B075.
Data from Genomic Features of Newly Diagnosed Large B-cell Lymphoma with or without Subsequent Disease Progression
Authors: Landsburg Daniel J. , Morrissette Jennifer J.D. , Nasta Sunita D. , Barta Stefan K. , Schuster Stephen J. , Chong Elise A. , Svoboda Jakub , Barlev Ashley , Bagg Adam , Priore Salvatore F.
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Genomic analysis has the potential to both risk-stratify and inform management of patients diagnosed with large B-cell lymphomas (LBCL). We analyzed cases of patients with newly diagnosed LBCL treated with standard immunochemotherapy from three publicly available cohorts of patients on which FISH and next-generation sequencing were performed to determine the frequency of genomic alterations based upon the development of disease progression. Cases from 698 patients were analyzed, with 201 experiencing disease progression and 497 experiencing no disease progression by 24 months after diagnosis. When analyzing for the presence of MYC rearrangement and MYC–BCL2 dual-rearrangement/double-hit status, as well as variants predicted to result in alterations in protein function in 15 genes common to next-generation sequencing panels from all three cohorts, only MYC rearrangement and TP53 mutation were associated with significantly higher odds of disease progression on multivariate analysis. Additionally, cases from patients who experienced disease progression demonstrated a high frequency of specific genomic alterations when analyzed by cohort or cell-of-origin classification by IHC when available. Individual genomic features of LBCL cases may predict for the development of disease progression in newly diagnosed patients treated with standard therapies, as well as occur at higher frequencies in cases of disease progression based upon geographic region and/or cell-of-origin status. These novel findings support efforts to evaluate genomic features as biomarkers for response to specific therapies in subsets of patients with LBCL who experience disease progression, which may lead to discovery of more effective treatment options.
Significance:
Genomic features of LBCL that can be detected by clinical laboratory assays may predict for resistance to first-line immunochemotherapy, as well as support the exploration of genomic features as biomarkers of response to therapies which could be offered to patients who experience disease progression.
Effectiveness of the Music Therapy in Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lu Li-Chin , Lan Shao-Huan , Lan Shou-Jen , Hsieh Yen-Ping
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Studies have comprehensively examined key variables in music therapy (MT) interventions such as exposure time, session length, and frequency, particularly in relation to patients with dementia. This study investigated the effects of MT on cognitive function, depression, anxiety, behavior, and quality of life in individuals with dementia. Methods: Relevant articles published before April 23, 2023, were sourced from five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effects of MT and standard care on the cognitive function, depression levels, anxiety levels, behaviors, and quality of life of individuals with dementia were included. The Reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the studies’ methodological quality. Heterogeneity was quantified using Q statistics from χ2 tests and I2 statistics. Outcome analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the standardized mean difference, mean difference, and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: A total of 24 RCTs were included. Compared with the control group, patients who received MT had higher cognitive function, lower levels of depression, and lower levels of anxiety. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the total MT period, total number of MT sessions, weekly MT frequency, MT exposure time, and length of each MT session were associated with an improvement in cognitive function. However, no significant difference was observed in behaviors or quality of life. Conclusions: MT yielded improved cognitive function in individuals with dementia if the intervention spans at least 12 weeks, has at least 16 sessions, and has at least 8 h of therapy.
A Cerâmica do Povo Paiter Suruí de Rondônia: Continuidade e Mudança Cultural (1970-2010)
Authors: Vidal Jean-Jacques Armand
Published: November 2024

Esta obra é o resultado de um trabalho de campo sobre a cerâmica elaborada pelo povo Paiter Suruí de Rondônia. A investigação se fez através de levantamento etnográfico, registro fotográfico e vídeo dos procedimentos utilizados por esse povo para fabricar suas peças, verificando a localização da matéria-prima, procedimentos de extração desse material, possíveis temperos agregados à argila, técnicas de modelagem, queima, tratamento de superfície e função utilitária e ritualística das peças, com ênfase nas relações sociais envolvidas nesse processo. Este livro propõe-se também a recolher e documentar peças cerâmicas contemporâneas, com a finalidade de comparar a produção atual com as coleções Suruís dos anos 1970 e 1980 do século xx, do acervo particular da antropóloga Betty Mindlin, e de peças elaboradas em 2010 na aldeia Gãbgir, de modo a verificar, de um lado, a continuidade dos processos tecnológicos e, de outro lado, as mudanças culturais, em termos de morfologia, volume, acabamento de superfície, além de observar se fatos históricos, como os contatos com os não indígenas, influíram ou alteraram a produção cerâmica em relação aos processos de manufatura, implementos utilizados, técnicas empregadas, usos e interferências nas relações sociais.
Arquivo Zila Mamede: Inventário
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Campos José Francisco Guelfi
Published: November 2024

Com a publicação do inventário do arquivo de Zila Mamede (1928-1985), a Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin da Universidade de São Paulo dá início à difusão dos fundos e coleções que custodia, para além de seu rico acervo bibliográfico. Por suas dimensões reduzidas, que não comprometem, contudo, sua representatividade e seu potencial informativo, o arquivo da bibliotecária, pesquisadora e poetisa Zila da Costa Mamede foi escolhido para ser o primeiro a ser descrito e disponibilizado para a consulta, em experiência-piloto que teve por objetivo consolidar metodologia específica para o tratamento de arquivos de natureza pessoal a ser aplicada aos demais conjuntos documentais.
As Bibliotecas de Maria Bonomi
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Deaect Marisa Midori
Published: November 2024

Convidada para ilustrar o sexto número da revista Livro (Núcleo de Estudos do Livro e da Edição – USP, 2017), a artista plástica Maria Bonomi produziu 23 xilogravuras das mais proeminentes bibliotecas do mundo, desde a antiga Biblioteca Marciana (de 1564) à jovem Biblioteca Brasiliana (2013), passando por diversos países, como Itália, Portugal, Áustria, República Tcheca, Alemanha, Inglaterra, França, Estados Unidos, Brasil, Egito, Japão e China, sem deixar de fora a biblioteca infinita de Jorge Luis Borges. As xilogravuras da artista, com suas matrizes e impressões, resultaram na exposição “A Revista Livro e as Bibliotecas de Maria Bonomi”, realizada na Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin. A partir das gravuras, a historiadora Marisa Midori Deaecto compôs um histórico conciso e profícuo a respeito de cada uma das 23 bibliotecas, as quais são discorridas em seus diversos aspectos: as condições de fundação, os percalços históricos, a formação e a relevância do acervo, os projetos arquitetônicos e a edificação dessas construções monumentais dedicadas ao livro e responsáveis por conservar o conhecimento, a cultura, a memória e a história das civilizações humanas. Este e outros livros marcam o início das Publicações BBM, resultado de parceria entre a Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin da USP e o BNDES.
Cirurgia citorredutora no câncer de ovário: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Costa Vitória Donadoni , Rutkowski Isabela , Meneses Beatriz da Silva , Peixoto Maria Eduarda Rodrigues , Oliveira Gabriela Furtado de , Marecos Rodrigo Pederzoli Salvador , Pinto Vinicius Finamori Soares
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer ranks fifth on the list of causes of cancer mortality in women. The most used therapeutic approach for this condition is cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy. This review aims to analyze survival related to cytoreductive surgery in cases of ovarian cancer. This occurred through an integrative review of articles from 2018 to 2022, following the PRISMA criteria, in the PubMed database. In total, 32 articles were found and of these, 18 entered this review. Therefore, cytoreduction followed by platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy is the current standard treatment for ovarian cancer. Survival outcomes are inversely related to initial and residual tumor burden after surgery. It appears that cytoreductive surgery is a viable technique that has been associated with good patient outcomes, including a median survival rate of 53 months.
Autoritarismo e servidão voluntária: o Direito a serviço de quem?
Authors: Teles Davi Rocha
Published: November 2024

A presente resenha comenta a obra Estados de exceção: a usurpação da soberania popular, de Luís Manuel Fonseca Pires, fruto da sua tese de livre-docência apresentada à Faculdade de Direito da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo em 2020 e publicada pela Editora Contracorrente, em 2021. Nela, o autor argumenta, recorrendo à produção de Carl Schmitt, que os Estados de exceção contemporâneos (no plural) se diferenciam dos anteriores, já que agora se apresentam como fantasmagóricos, dissimulados e fragmentados. Nesse raciocínio, Fonseca Pires nos oferece uma valorosa crítica ao papel do Direito e de seus profissionais nesses Estados de exceção.
A repressão penal ao fenômeno hacker após a “Vaza Jato”: análise dos projetos de lei que propuseram a alteração do artigo 154-A do Código Penal
Authors: Soares Artur Rovere
Published: November 2024

A pesquisa se propõe a analisar a repressão penal a hackers a partir das propostas legislativas de alteração do artigo 154-A do Código Penal no contexto pós Vaza Jato. Para isso, sistematiza os componentes da cultura hacker, compreendendo esse grupo como, simultaneamente, fundamental para o acúmulo de capital e potencialmente problemático para a reprodução do sistema econômico. A fim de gerenciar esse paradoxo, o sistema lança mão da repressão penal, manifestada pela ascensão de uma política criminal atuarial. O contexto da divulgação de conteúdos de comunicações privadas entre autoridades envolvidas na Operação Lava Jato evidenciou esse mecanismo: a desestabilização no processo de reprodução do sistema econômico mobilizou a atividade legislativa para rechaçar a atuação transgressora dos hackers e possibilitar a estabilização do capital e da ordem política-social por ele estruturada.
Período pré e pós-Revolução Cubana: do rompimento do capitalismo e suas estruturas de exploração até o estabelecimento do socialismo e o afastamento das relações político-econômicas com os Estados Unidos
Authors: Santanna Marcos Jesus de
Published: November 2024

Desde la ruptura del capitalismo y sus estructuras de explotación hasta la instauración del socialismo y el retiro de las relaciones político-económicas con Estados Unidos, Estados Unidos aprovechó décadas de explotación de los recursos humanos materiales y naturales cubanos, principalmente el azúcar. El gobierno de Fulgencio Batista estuvo marcado por una gran crisis social y una alta concentración de ingresos debido a la escasa rentabilidad económica de los trabajadores y la alta tasa de desempleo. Existía la necesidad de modernizar la isla, ya que la relación con Estados Unidos obligaba a Cuba a permanecer en una economía colonial. La Revolución Cubana estableció un enfrentamiento con la hegemonía mundial y en consecuencia fue víctima de represalias económicas, pero no fue suficiente para que el gobierno cubano retrocediera. Estados Unidos llevó a cabo una intervención masiva en el continente e impuso un embargo económico a la isla.
O passado que insiste em se fazer presente: ecos do autoritarismo no Brasil atual
Authors: Paula Daniele de
Published: November 2024

Esta resenha aborda a obra recém-publicada de Rodrigo Patto Sá Motta, Passados Presentes; trata-se de um livro extremamente importante para o contexto atual, uma vez que ele estabelece um diálogo profundo com o nosso passado autoritário e contexto atual do país, buscando combater os discursos falaciosos sobre o regime de 1964 que insistem em se fazer presentes em nossa sociedade.
Ponte Alta do Rio Aracahú
Authors: Paulino Peterson Mendes
Published: November 2024

Esta é uma periferia nas fronteiras de uma das maiores cidades do Brasil. Marcada por um contraste entre a paisagem natural característica da Mata Atlântica, e as ocupações que surgiram da necessidade daqueles que clamavam pelo direito à moradia. Na região do Ponte Alta, formada pelos bairros Ponte Alta, Jardim Santa Paula, Comunidade Anita Garibaldi e Nova Ponte Alta, este ensaio revela os lugares que fazem parte da memória coletiva, e possuem o poder de contemplar em parte, sua história. Há refúgios naturais e frequentados pelos moradores, como mostrou-se em uma visita e um registro feito da Lagoa do Bonsucesso, bem como lugares de culto e religiosidade como a Capela São Geraldo no mês de maio com um florido ipê rosa. Nas fronteiras do Ponte Alta, um córrego conhecido como Guaraçau e antigamente denominado Aracahú, se destaca por ser a origem do nome desta comunidade, mas também por estar violado pela maldade humana, ocasionada pela poluição desenfreada. Nos limites do Jardim Santa Paula, um casarão em estilo neocolonial se destaca em meio a uma vegetação, casarão este remanescente do antigo Sítio Ponte Alta. No mais, no ponto mais alto do bairro, contempla-se uma paisagem incrível, simbólica e reveladora do nosso tempo: o marginal, a periferia, às margens e a produção capitalista do espaço urbano brasileiro. 
As fotografias foram feitas na região do bairro Ponte Alta em Guarulhos, entre os meses de Janeiro a Outubro de 2022.
Topdogging Quadrille: an analysis on the portraying of gender roles in The Bluest Eye and Topdog/Underdog
Authors: Alves Mariana
Published: November 2024

This paper highlighted and problematized the portraying of gender roles in Morrison’s The Bluest Eye (1970) and Parks’s Topdog/Underdog (2001). With a comparative approach, the debate on the matter of father and motherhood associated with the assigned roles of men and women was enlightening to raise awareness to the impact these representative figures have on the characters under examination. Also, the analysis of the synonymic relations that are established in the discourse of characters of the pieces lead to the conclusion that “beauty” in The Bluest Eye means “whiteness” and, in Topdog/Underdog, it means “richness”. Finally, a parallel was set amid “topdogging” and “Quadrille” (ANDRADE, 2013), considering the “topdogging” act in the stories forms a chain of events and consequences in which one move/person is connected to and interferes with the next.
Corpo-território: gênero e sexualidade na experiência urbana
Authors: Dellamagna Maria Eduarda Batista
Published: November 2024

In this text, a reflection is proposed on bodies through the exploration of the established relations between space, gender, and sexuality, particularly in public spaces. Dissident experiences and bodies are highlighted, that is, those that deviate from a heteronormative and cisgender norm, considering those contained within the contemporary city with its diverse processes of intervention and formulations. The objective is to emphasize the relevance of signs (aspects and specificities) of non-cis, non-heteronormative bodies that persist in circulating through cities, even though they often result in repressive and hostile situations.
O Valor do Papel
Authors: Carvalho Bianca Braga de
Published: November 2024

Conto chamado "O Valor do Papel" sobre as reflexões de uma criança sobre economia.
Abstract 4112524: Novel Contactless and AI-Based Method Can Determine Heart Rate and Cardiac-Induced Vibrations of Chest
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Muntasir , Taghva Faezeh , Taebi Amirtaha
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Seismocardiography (SCG) - measurements of cardiovascular-induced vibrations on the chest - has shown potential for providing clinical information for cardiac conditions. SCG is conventionally recorded by an accelerometer attached to a single point on chest. Recent research suggests multichannel SCG (mSCG) - measurements from multiple chest locations - can provide extra and more accurate clinical information. Current mSCG methods are limited to accelerometer arrays, laser Doppler vibrometry, and airborne ultrasound that are either costly, difficult for inexperienced users, or need bulky equipment, thereby impeding their use beyond research or clinical settings.

Hypothesis:
mSCG signals can be accurately estimated from tiny chest movements in chest videos recorded by ordinary cameras, e.g., those in smartphones.

Methods:
We enrolled 10 subjects (sbjs) with no history of CVDs (21.7 ± 1.7 years, 40% women). ECG and chest video of sbjs were recorded at rest for 15 sec during breath hold at the end of inhalation followed by another 15 sec recording during breath hold at the end of exhalation. We developed an AI-powered mobile app to record the chest videos and convert them to 0-30 Hz mSCG in right-to-left (RL) and head-to-foot (HF) directions (Fig 1a). Heart rate (HR) based on ECG RR interval and mSCG was measured and compared.

Results:
HR estimated from mSCG in both RL and HF directions had a good agreement with ECG-based HR using Bland-Altman analysis [RL: bias = 1.4 bpm, 95% CI = 5.6 bpm; HF: bias = 0.8 bpm, 95% CI = 6.2 bpm (Fig 1b)]. High-quality mSCG and ECG measurements were obtained for all sbjs.

Conclusion:
Clinically relevant information can be accurately extracted from chest videos using our novel, contactless, AI-based method. Given that the vast majority of Americans have access to a camera phone, future developments of this method may provide new means of remote and accessible cardiac monitoring.
Abstract 4112652: Impact of metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes on clinical outcomes of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer in an Asian population
Authors: JEONG-EUN YI , Hong Ji Hyung
Published: November 2024

Background:
Metabolic syndrome and obesity are known to increase the incidence of lung cancer. We investigated the association between metabolic health and overweight/obesity phenotypes and clinical outcomes in patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods:
This large retrospective cohort study included adult patients who underwent curative upfront surgery for their stage IA-IIIB NSCLC at a tertiary university hospital from January 2010 to December 2020. They were classified into four phenotypes based on the combination of metabolic health status and body mass index categories: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO), metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). The primary outcomes were disease recurrence and death.

Results:
Of the 1,513 patients (342 with MHNW, 585 with MUNW, 122 with MHO, and 464 with MUO), patients with the phenotype of MHO were less likely to experience recurrence (MHO [13.1%] vs. MHNW [16.1%] vs. MUNW [22.9%] vs. MUO [19.2%], p = 0.018) and death (MHO [15.6%] vs. MHNW [24.6%] vs. MHUW [31.3%] vs. MUO [24.8%], p < 0.001) compared to those with other 3 phenotypes. Similar results were observed in Kaplan-Meier curves for the primary outcomes according to the four phenotypes (all log-rank P < 0.05). In multivariate Cox regression analyses, both MHO and MUO phenotypes did not increase the risk of recurrence compared to the MHNW phenotype and were associated with improved survival (MHO: adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36-0.98, p = 0.040; MUO: adjusted HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60-0.96, p = 0.022).

Conclusions:
After curative resection for NSCLC, regardless of metabolic health, patients with overweight/obesity were not at an increased risk of recurrence and paradoxically, had favorable overall survival.
Abstract 4112775: Demographics and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Kaposi Sarcoma Patients in the United States: An Analysis of the SEER Database
Authors: Khan Rozi , Goyal Aman , Yasinzai Abdul Qahar Khan , Tracy Katharine , Sohail Amir , Ballur Shalini , Flesner Samuel , Mahmood Ahmed , Ballur Kalyani , Tareen Tamour , Sethi Pooja , Alexander Thomas , Ullah Asad
Published: November 2024

Aims and Background:
Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a vascular neoplasm caused by human herpesvirus. Despite its significance, there is limited data regarding the causes and mortality factors associated with KS, particularly concerning cardiovascular mortality rates and specific influencing factors.

Methods:
The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to gather data from 2000 to 2020. The primary endpoint was overall survival, assessed via log-rank analysis and Kaplan-Meier plots. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using SAS v9.4, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results:
We identified 8,247 patients with KS. Most were male (90.6%) and aged 40-59 years old (38.5%).

Mortality data from KS showed that 56.3% of diagnosed patients were alive. Among those who died, 49.8% died of infectious causes, 11.4% died of cardiac causes, and the remaining died of other causes, such as leukemias and complications. Advanced age (>80 years) vs. 0-19 year age group (HR: 2.263; 95% CI: 1.068-4.795; p=0.033), non-Hispanic Black race vs. non-Hispanic White race (HR 1.492; 95% CI: 1.369-1.627; p=0.001), and visceral involvement vs. cutaneous KS (HR 1.709; 95% CI: 1.487-1.963; p=0.001) were factors associated with increased mortality. Females had a slightly lower long-term survival than males (p<0.001). Married individuals, higher incomes (≥$75,000), and urban areas of living had higher survival rates compared to widowed patients, lower-income patients (<$75,000), and those in rural locations, respectively (p<0.001, for all).

In the subgroup analysis, females (24.3%; n=112) had significantly higher cardiac-related deaths than males (9.5%; n=297) (p<0.0001). Cardiac-related deaths were highest in White patients (16.1%; n=279), followed by Hispanics (10.4%; n=79).

Conclusions:
Cardiac causes accounted for 11.4% of deaths. Various factors are associated with an increased mortality risk.
Abstract 4112876: Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Self-reporting of Snoring and Cardiovascular Risk
Authors: Junwen Wang , YE Yuyang , CHEN Xuefeng , HU Xinru , PENG Yong
Published: November 2024

Background:
Identifying risk factors for CVD is critical for effective prevention and management. While classic CVD risk factors have been extensively studied, there is a scarcity of research on the association between snoring and CVD risk, particularly in the context of gender differences.

Methods:
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2015 and 2020. Participants were initially categorized based on the severity of snoring or the presence of snoring. Logistic regression analysis was employed to control for potential confounding variables. Within the snoring group, they were further classified by gender. The utilization of propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis ensured comparability between different genders.

Results:
Our study included 12,681 participants aged 18 years or older. When compared to the non-snoring group, individuals in the moderate snoring group had a higher odds ratio (OR) of 1.418 (95% CI 1.083 to 1.857, p = 0.011), while those in the severe snoring group had a higher odds ratio (OR) of 1.882 (95% CI 1.468 to 2.409, p < 0.001). In the snoring group, individuals were further categorized by gender: 4527 males and 4131 females. Importantly, male patients showed a higher odds ratio for atrial fibrillation (4.945, 95% CI 1.187 to 20.598, p = 0.028) compared to females. Additionally, male patients had a higher odds ratio for coronary heart disease (2.002, 95% CI 1.152 to 3.479, p = 0.014) compared to females.

Conclusion:
Sex plays a significant role in the relationship between snoring and CVD risk. males with snoring have a higher risk of developing CVD compared to females. In particular, male snorers are nearly five times more likely to develop atrial fibrillation and about twice as likely to experience coronary artery disease in comparison to female snorers.
Abstract 4112944: A diagnostic challenge overcome with persistent clinical suspicion in a case of cardiac AL amyloidosis
Authors: Zimmerman Allison , Kuriakose Philip , Godfrey Amanda , Ananthasubramaniam Karthikeyan , Cowger Jennifer , Al-Darzi Waleed
Published: November 2024

Case:
A 62-year old male with a history of chronic kidney disease and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation presented with several months of fatigue, a progressive decline in functional status (NYHA IIIb-IV), weight loss, and intermittent lower extremity swelling. Blood pressure was 92/72 mmHg on presentation, and heart rate was 90 bpm. Physical examination revealed a jugular venous pressure of 12-14 cm H2O and 2+ bilateral lower extremity edema with mild wheezing.

Methods/workup:
Laboratories are shown in Table 1 and were notable for a serum free light chain ratio of 0.14. Transthoracic echocardiogram (figure 1) revealed a left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction of 33% with increased LV wall thickness and severe bi-atrial enlargement. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 2% lambda restricted plasma cells without evidence of amyloid deposits; metastatic bone survey was negative. A fat pad biopsy and endomyocardial biopsy stained negative for amyloid with Congo red. Cardiac MRI showed diffuse, circumferential subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement, most compatible with cardiac amyloidosis (figure 2). The patient also had a chest CT scan that demonstrated a few patchy nodular pulmonary infiltrates. Given his extensive negative workup, he was referred to pulmonary and endobronchial biopsy was positive for amyloid on Congo red staining (figure 3). Biopsy tissue typing revealed Lambda subtype AL amyloidosis.

Management:
The patient was started on Daratumumab, Cyclophosphamide, Bortezomib, and Dexamethasone by Hematology. Unfortunately, about a month after his diagnosis, he developed worsening heart failure despite treatment. He was admitted to an outside hospital with refractory cardiogenic shock and passed away during that admission.

Discussion:
The diagnosis of AL amyloidosis requires a high index of suspicion for prompt diagnosis and treatment. We present a case in which cardiac amyloidosis was suspected based on the patient’s clinical picture and cardiac imaging; however, multiple initial biopsies were negative. An expedited, multimodal and interdisciplinary diagnostic assessment is imperative as prognosis with chemotherapy is highly dependent on extent of AL disease, patient functional status, and presence of cardiac compromise. Elevated natriuretic peptides, troponins, autonomic dysfunction, and hypotension are negative prognostic features.
Abstract 4113188: Increased Physical Activity Intensity Associated with Reduced Risk of Atrial Fibrillation among Older Adults in South Korea: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Park Sun Jae , Kim Hye Jun , Kim Minseo , Song Jihun , Jeong Seogsong , Park Sang Min
Published: November 2024

Introduction:
Physical activity (PA) may be associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but this relationship remains controversial. In particular, further research is needed on the association between changes in PA intensity and AF risk among older adults.

Hypothesis:
We hypothesized that an increase in PA intensity would be associated with a reduced risk of AF among older adults aged 65 years and older in South Korea.

Aim:
This cohort study aimed to evaluate the association between changes in metabolic equivalent tasks (METs)-min/week and the risk of AF in the elderly using a nationally representative database.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korea National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS) database. This cohort included 1,726,697 individuals aged 65 years and older without a history of cardiovascular disease diagnosis who underwent two consecutive health screening examinations from 2009 to 2012. PA was defined as MET-min/week derived from two consecutive health examinations during 2009-2010 (1st period) and 2011-2012 (2nd period), respectively. The primary outcome was an AF diagnosis during the follow-up period from 2013 to 2021. We estimated the sub-distribution hazard ratio (sHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association of changes in PA intensity with AF using Fine-Gray sub-distribution hazard models after adjustment for covariates.

Results:
This study included 1,726,697 participants (mean age 71.08; 46.78% male). An increase in PA intensity was associated with a reduced risk of AF (P for trend<0.001). Compared to persisting in physical inactivity, a change in PA intensity from physically inactive to ≥1000 MET–min/week was associated with a lower risk of AF (sHR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.81-0.85). In contrast, a change in PA intensity from ≥1000 MET–min/week to being physically inactive was associated with a higher risk of AF (sHR, 1.30, 95% CI, 1.27-1.33) as compared to persistence in ≥1000 MET–min/week of PA intensity.

Conclusions:
An increase in MET-min/week may be associated with a reduced risk of AF among adults aged 65 years and older. Therefore, interventions encouraging PA should be recommended to maximize the health benefits of AF prevention in the elderly.
Abstract 4113263: Serum Metabolomics Adds Predictive Value to Clinical and Polygenic Risk Scores for Atrial Fibrillation: A UK Biobank study of >240,000 Patients
Authors: Purkayastha Subhanik , Park Joseph , Beyer Sebastian , Lerman Bruce , Lo James , Cheung Jim
Published: November 2024

Background:
Atrial fibrillation (AF) poses substantial morbidity and mortality burdens globally. It is critical to identify individuals at high-risk for AF to implement both lifestyle modifications and close monitoring for initiation of oral anticoagulants. Currently, risk prediction in AF relies on clinical scores such as CHARGE-AF. Small molecule metabolites are thought to play a role in AF pathogenesis, but the additional predictive value of metabolomics over clinical and genetic risk factors is unknown. Using the UK Biobank (UKBB), we sought to perform this evaluation.

Methods:
We included all UKBB participants with complete
1
H-NMR metabolite measurements. We excluded participants with prior history of AF or with incomplete AF Polygenic Risk Score (AF-PRS) or CHARGE-AF components. The final cohort included 240,628 patients. In-patient records, primary care notes, and death registries were queried to identify patients who had developed incident AF within 5 years of enrollment. The cohort was divided into a 80/20:Train/Test split. We compared the performance of an Elastic-Net regularized Cox Proportional Hazards (EN-CPH) model trained on CHARGE-AF, AF-PRS, and the full 170 metabolite panel to a CPH model trained only on CHARGE-AF and AF-PRS.

Results:
Within 5 years, 4,174 (1.7%) patients developed AF. Compared to the control population, the incident AF cases were more likely to be older (62 vs. 56, p<0.001), male (65% vs 45%, p<0.001), and have higher CHARGE-AF and AF-PRS scores (p<0.001). After training the EN-CPH model on CHARGE-AF, AF-PRS, and 170 metabolites, the final model included 8 metabolites on top of CHARGE-AF (HR: 1.28) and AF-PRS (HR: 1.11). After adjusting for CHARGE-AF and AF-PRS, creatinine level was associated with increased risk of AF (HR: 1.01) while linoleic acid level (HR: 0.985) was associated with decreased risk. Furthermore, total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters in IDL, omega-6 fatty acids, and cholesterol in large LDL were associated with HR 0.993-0.999. The EN-CPH model out-performed the CPH model without metabolomics on the test set (AUC 0.786 vs 0.753, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The addition of metabolomics to clinical and genomic risk scores improves prediction of 5-year incident AF within a general population. This study highlights the significance of the metabolome as an independent prognosticator of AF risk. Further study of the mechanisms by which selected metabolites alter AF risk is needed.