bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimulación eléctrica espinal para el manejo de la angina de pecho refractaria: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gomezese R Omar Fernando , Aranda V. Paola , Echeverria Luis Eduardo , Saaibi José Federico , Calderon H Jaime , Barrera Juan Guillermo
Published: April 2024

Introducción: La angina es una condición médica muy común que limita la actividad diaria y deteriora la calidad de vida. Existe un grupo de pacientes con angina de pecho crónica refractaria que no son candidatos a revascularización quirúrgica o percutánea y que a pesar de un manejo médico óptimo continúan experimentando severos episodios de angina. La estimulación eléctrica espinal con un neuromodulador es una alternativa para el manejo de estos pacientes.
Objetivo: Se realizó una revisión sobre la estimulación eléctrica espinal para el manejo de la angina, su mecanismo de acción, beneficios y costo-efectividad.
Material y método: Se realizó una búsqueda en MedLine, según la metodología Cochrane, de artículos publicados desde enero de 1980 a enero del 2007 usando los términos “spinal cord stimulation”. De esta búsqueda se seleccionaron los artículos considerados relevantes por parte de los autores.
Conclusiones: El efecto anti isquémico de la estimulación eléctrica espinal reduce los episodios de angina de pecho, mejora la calidad de vida y la tolerancia al ejercicio, disminuye la estancia hospitalaria y retarda la aparición de los signos de la isquemia.
Análisis comparativo del ciclo de vida de la patata aplicado a diferentes alternativas de procesado
Authors:   , Saenz Baños Mercedes Irache
Published: April 2024

La industria alimentaria de la patata juega un papel fundamental en nuestra vida diaria y nos revela tanto nuestra cultura, como nuestro estilo de vida y patrones de consumo. La industria transformadora de la patata es consciente de que tanto su producción como el consumo de su producto conlleva implicaciones medioambientales. Por ello, con el fin de asegurar su sostenibilidad a lo largo del tiempo han visto la necesidad de optimizar y mejorar el comportamiento medioambiental de sus productos y de sus procesos. Todo ello, sin perder de vista la seguridad alimentaria, nutrición y las necesidades de los consumidores, las cuales van variando a lo largo del tiempo en nuestra sociedad. Esta esta tesis se reportan dos artículos que investigan el impacto ambiental del lavado, selección y embolsado de patata fresca y sus medidas para mitigarlo, junto con la metodología estudiada con el fin de reducir la demanda energética en el proceso de almacenamiento de la patata. Con el fin de estudiar los impactos más significativos del proceso, se han propuesto distintas medidas para reducir los consumos de recursos hídricos, responsables de la huella hídrica del proceso. Se trata de averiguar qué implicaciones medioambientales tiene la transformación de un kilogramo de patatas desde la llegada de la materia prima a la planta procesadora, hasta la salida del producto transformado, ya apto para el consumidor. Para ello, se necesita averiguar si existen diferencias entre las distintas variedades de patata y entre sus diferentes formatos a lo largo del proceso productivo; ya que es decisiva dicha información para alcanzar una optimización de los recursos y una mínima implicación medioambiental de nuestro entorno. De esta forma, se busca que la industria del procesado de patata fresca reduzca su consumo energético tanto en su producción como almacenamiento, el consumo de agua utilizado durante el proceso e incluso la generación de residuos, avanzando de esta forma en la eficiencia y disminución de los recursos implicados en la cadena alimentaria.
Derecho De La Competencia: Del Estado Liberal Al Estado Social.
Authors: Reyes Gutierrez Alex
Published: April 2024

En este artículo vemos como el Liberalismo es el que fundamento las codificaciones del orden ideológico y socioeconómico del siglo XIX, en donde el Estado asuma una postura diferente ante la economía de mercado debido a los cambios surgido. Causando el abandonó del iusnaturalismo que da lugar al positivismo del Derecho Estatal.
Entre los objetivos de la investigación tenemos el que podamos establecer que la libertad y la igualdad no se dieron de manera espontánea, sino que vienen a ser un deber ser. Se buscará la realización de la justicia a través del Derecho Privado, el cual no debe limitarse la actividad individual a través del Estado Social, representa una escisión entre el Estado y la sociedad.
El análisis histórico- doctrinal del tema lo hicimos utilizando el método inductivo. Entre los resultados de esta tenemos que el Capitalismo Liberal es reemplazado por el neocapitalismo, que se caracteriza por la intervención del Estado en la consecución de una política económica diferente. Sin duda esta coyuntura histórica viene a crear un ánimo de tensión e incertidumbre en principio entre el sector empresarial y los poderes, la Constitución consagra la función social de la propiedad, en igual forma se promueva la función social de la actividad empresarial. La finalidad de este estudio pretende someter los intereses sociales sobre los intereses particulares del Derecho Privado de la “autonomía de la Voluntad”, para procurar el beneficio de los intereses de toda la sociedad.
Blockchain Y Derecho Civil
Authors: Zamora S. David Ellister
Published: April 2024

No tiene resumen.
CONTRASTACIÓN DE LAS APRECIACIONES DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS DE LA CARRERA DE ENFERMERÍA DE VERAGUAS, SOBRE SU APRENDIZAJE EN LA MODALIDAD DE ENSEÑANZA VIRTUAL CON SU RENDIMIENTO ACADÉMICO, 2021.
Authors: Pérez Marta E.
Published: April 2024

Investigación con enfoque mixto, cuali-cuantitativo, abordaje etnográfico con la técnica de grupos focales y de encuesta respectivamente, según cada enfoque; el propósito fue contrastar las apreciaciones de los informantes sobre su aprendizaje en dos modalidades de enseñanza (presencial y virtual) vs el rendimiento académico en ambas modalidades de enseñanza, como resultado medible de ese proceso de aprendizaje. Para desarrollar los dos paradigmas, se estudiaron en total 58 informantes/encuestados estratificados según el nivel de estudio de la carrera. Dos instrumentos según cada enfoque, una entrevista semi estructurada con diez preguntas orientadoras y una encuesta con ocho preguntas cerradas. La captación de información y su análisis se hizo a través de la filmación de la sesión síncrona de la entrevista semiestructurada de cada grupo focal; y un formulario en línea para la encuesta que se aplicó en la misma sesión síncrona. Apreciaciones: el aprendizaje en la virtualidad es parcial, excluyente de las competencias requeridas para la práctica, las limitantes incluyen tecnológicas, de conectividad en el hogar,  carencia de ambientes adecuados en el hogar; la motivación fue positiva  por la experiencia nueva (modalidad virtual), por el cumplimiento de horarios y variedad de estrategias didácticas de los profesores, pero fue negativa por el cansancio de las largas jornadas y por la percepción de no alcanzar todas las competencias técnicas.
La salud afectada por obesidad, dolor de espalda, agotamiento visual, cefaleas, agotamiento mental y físico, aislamiento social. Hubo satisfacción por la modalidad virtual ya que ahorra gastos, pero, la satisfacción se afectó por la variedad de plataformas utilizadas y la baja calidad de enseñanzas prácticas. No hubo diferencias estadísticas significativas en el rendimiento académico alcanzado en las dos modalidades de enseñanza.
PATRONES DE DIVERSIDAD DE AVES DEL CENTRO ECOLÓGICO WECKSO, PARQUE INTERNACIONAL LA AMISTAD (PILA), BOCAS DEL TORO, 2023
Authors: Gómez Irvin N.
Published: April 2024

Se estudiaron los patrones de diversidad espacial de las aves del Centro Ecológico Weckso, PILA, Bocas del Toro. El estudio registró 855 individuos de 80 especies (70 residentes y 10 migratorias). Además, nueve especies tienen algún tipo de amenaza nacional o internacional. Las especies más abundantes fueron, en el bosque A. tzacatl (11,7%), en la ribera N. brasilinus (8.3%) y en el área abierta B. swainsoni (6.1%). El orden Passeriformes fue el más diverso y abundante con valores de 53.8% y 37.2% respectivamente. La familia Accipitridae fue la más abundante con un 15.7%; mientras que Thraupidae fue la más diversa con un 11.2%. Según los números de Hill y el estimador Chao 1, se obtuvo una buena representación de la diversidad verdadera expresada por los órdenes (q=0, q=1 y q=2) de los sitios muestreados. Los hábitats con mejor cobertura boscosa demostraron mayores niveles de diversidad de especies. El análisis de conglomerados reveló máxima homogeneidad dentro de los hábitats, pero con diferencias entre ellos, donde el bosque y la ribera poseen una menor disimilitud en comparación con el área abierta. Algunas aves especialistas como B. swainsoni, R. magnirostris, L. semiplumbeus y N. brasilinus, contribuyen diferencialmente a la composición de las especies entre los hábitats muestreados, favoreciendo el recambio de otras especies más generalistas como, A. tzacatl, X. susurrans, T. grayi y T. melancholicus. Estos resultados indican que la diversidad verdadera y el recambio de las aves son pruebas reales que garantizan la conservación del Centro Ecológico Weckso, pues sus patrones de diversidad alfa y beta son muy significativos.
Aportes de la comunicación corporativa y relaciones públicas en las estrategias para el desarrollo empresarial de las aseguradoras de Veraguas
Authors: González Tejedor Mavis Beli , Campos Portugal Pompilio Alexis
Published: April 2024

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar el papel de la comunicación corporativa y las relaciones públicas en el desarrollo empresarial de las aseguradoras en la región de Veraguas, y cómo estas estrategias pueden proporcionar una ventaja competitiva.
A través, de un enfoque metodológico riguroso, se recopiló y analizó una amplia gama de fuentes primarias y secundarias. La aplicación de un instrumento (cuestionario), a los colaboradores y profesionales de las aseguradoras de Veraguas, permite recabar la información primaria necesaria para realizar el análisis que muestra la realidad de este sector sobre el tema estudiado, también para este estudio se analizaron las fuentes secundarias conformadas por documentos que guardan relación con los aspectos primordiales y que permiten esclarecer los conceptos y el contexto de la investigación.
Las conclusiones de este estudio resaltan la importancia fundamental de la comunicación corporativa y las relaciones públicas en el desarrollo empresarial de las aseguradoras de Veraguas. Se encontró que estas estrategias desempeñan un papel crucial en la construcción de una imagen sólida y una reputación positiva, factores determinantes en un mercado altamente competitivo.
Este estudio demuestra que la comunicación corporativa y las relaciones públicas son estrategias indispensables en el desarrollo empresarial de las aseguradoras de Veraguas. Su implementación efectiva brinda una ventaja competitiva al establecer una imagen sólida, fortalecer las relaciones internas y externas, y adaptarse a los cambios del entorno empresarial. Las aseguradoras que utilicen estas estrategias de manera efectiva estarán mejor preparadas para enfrentar los desafíos competitivos y alcanzar el éxito en un mercado en constante evolución.
Desafíos, alternativas administrativas y las TIC para mejoramiento de los negocios y emprendimientos durante la pandemia covid-19, segmento de mercado: Changuinola provincia de Bocas del Toro
Authors: Kapell González Ariel Alexis , Rodríguez de Tyler Carmen Cecilia , Campines Barría Francisco Javier , Gordon Graell Roberto Daniel
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar los desafíos que enfrentan los negocios y emprendimientos en Changuinola, Bocas del Toro, analizando las alternativas administrativas y el uso de las TIC que han servido de apoyo para mejorar la situación de las empresas locales durante y después de la pandemia COVID-19. La investigación aplicada es de carácter mixto, con un enfoque descriptivo. Para recaba la información se empleó un cuestionario, compuesto por preguntas cerradas y abiertas. Este estudio se desarrolló con las Pequeñas y medianas empresas del distrito de Changuinola, provincia de Bocas del Toro, Panamá, región noroccidental fronteriza con Costa Rica en donde funcionan, actualmente, 162 PYMES, de las cuales a través de un nivel confianza del 95% y un margen de error de 5%, se obtuvo una muestra de 114 empresas a estudiar. Para garantizar presencia de pequeñas y medianas empresas de todos los corregimientos del distrito de Changuinola, se procedió a realizar un muestreo estratificado por conglomerado. Los resultados destacan que el 85% de los encuestados afirmaron que sí, indicando que la incorporación de las TIC ha tenido un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de sus actividades comerciales, por otra parte, el 50% indicaron que la pandemia tuvo un impacto negativo en el desarrollo de sus actividades, de igual manera, el 30% de los participantes expresaron empreque el impacto fue moderado en el desarrollo de sus actividades.
From Colonia to Community
Authors: Sánchez Korrol Virginia E.
Published: April 2024

“Though Virginia Korrol grew up in the Puerto Rican community in New York City, and though she makes effective use of interviews, this is not a reminiscence of the recent past, but a clearly written study presented in a scientific manner. It focuses on the patterns of community development in Puerto Rican sections of New York. These patterns were influenced by the perpetuation of Puerto Rican customs and traditions, the growth of a business and professional class and, of particular importance, the retention of the Spanish language in the home and in the community. The role of Puerto Rican women in the community and the changes imposed upon them by a new life in the United States is the subject of special emphasis.”–New York History
Learning Theories
Authors: Leonard David C.
Published: April 2024

Swift changes in educational technology are transforming the landscape of our society and how we transfer knowledge in a digital world. Teachers, administrators, and education students need to stay abreast of these developments. Yet while the new educational software, technologies, and networks may be available, the learning theories and methods required to take complete advantage of the tools are often neglected.

Learning theories are a crucial element of education studies for anyone involved with students from pre-school to higher education and business training. This book is a substantive dictionary of over 500 terms relating to learning theories and environments. Definitions range from approximately 100 to 700 words, and each term is identified by the primary type of learning theory to which it applies: cognitivism, constructivism, behaviorism, humanism, or organizational learning. An annotated bibliography provides further resources to the most important writings about learning theories.
De broodnodige innovatie van de accountantsopleiding …
Authors: Majoor Barbara , Kloppenburg Margreeth , Paape Leen
Published: April 2024

Grondige herziening van de accountantsopleiding is noodzakelijk, om te voldoen aan de veranderende verwachtingen vanuit de maatschappij. De auteurs van dit artikel identificeren vijf essentiële onderwerpen voor de vertrouwensrelatie tussen ondernemingen en hun stakeholders: fraude, de scope van de werkzaamheden, de techniek van informatievoorziening, het kwaliteitsbouwwerk rondom informatievoorziening en de integriteit en rechte rug van de professionals zelf. Zij pleiten voor een opleidingsstructuur met een volledige integratie tussen theorie en praktijk, en stellen dat de toekomstige accountant zich moet specialiseren en deel moet uitmaken van een multidisciplinair team, om in de informatiebehoefte van stakeholders te kunnen voorzien. Dit zou het werkveld niet alleen verbreden en interessanter maken, maar ook meer jonge mensen aantrekken om tekorten aan menskracht op te lossen. De auteurs roepen opleidingsdirecteuren op om de regie te nemen en benadrukken het belang van permanente educatie en de actieve betrokkenheid van jonge assistenten bij het leerproces.
Evaluation of the Correlation Between Climate Change and the Most Reported Cases of Diseases Due to Climate Change in the Study Area Over the Period of 11 Years (2010-2020) in Selected South-Western States (Ekiti, Osun and Ondo), Nigeria.
Authors: Kemi Sam-Ijadele , Mayowa Oluwatuyi , Mojisola Adeyemi
Published: April 2024

Climate change, acting via less direct mechanisms, would affect the transmission of many infectious diseases (especially water, food and vector-borne diseases). The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between climate change and emerging and re-emerging diseases in selected south-west states (Ekiti, Osun and Ondo) Nigeria. This study covered the entire population of three south western states (Ekiti, Osun and Ondo) and relied more on secondary data from the Health records department (Data Bank) from the Federal Ministries of Health with additional data from NIMET (weather data or reports). Selection of health care facilities in each of the three states, health data indicating disease distribution and records from 2010 -2020 alongside climate data from Ekiti, Osun and Ondo State. An integrated approach using correlation study was employed in assessing the effect of climate change in particular reference to emerging and re-emerging disease in the study areas. Findings revealed that the higher the temperature the higher the emergence of Measles and Chicken pox, but the lower the temperature the higher the emergence of influenza and Pneumonia. The emergence of Lassa Fever however does not depend on the climatic change either with high or low temperature in South-West, Nigeria. Hence it was concluded that there is correlation between climate change and emerging and re-emerging of diseases.
Vicarious Learning of Social Media Political Expression: The Role of Expected Outcomes and Appropriate Communication Competence
Authors: Velasquez Alcides , Kim Dan Hee , Quenette Andrea
Published: April 2024

Based on Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theories, this study proposes a mechanism that explains the relationship between users’ observation of others successful use of social media for political expression and one’s own social media political expression. Survey results support a parallel mediation model where social media political expression observational learning simultaneously leads to social media political expression positive expected outcomes, and to appropriate social media communication competence. Positive expected outcomes increase social media political expression whereas appropriate social media communication competence decreases individual’s social media political expression. Theoretical implications for social media political expression are discussed.
Glofitamab (Columvi)
Authors: CADTH
Published: April 2024

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.
The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.
This review assesses glofitamab (Columvi), concentrate for solution for infusion, 2.5 mg/2.5 mL vial and 10 mg/10 mL vial, IV infusion.
Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified, arising from follicular lymphoma (trFL), or primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), who have received two or more lines of systemic therapy and are ineligible to receive or cannot receive CAR-T cell therapy or have previously received CAR-T cell therapy.
SPECIFIČNI PROBLEMI FINANSIRANJA MALIH I SREDNJIH PREDUZEĆA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors: Simić Vojislav
Published: April 2024

Cilj rada je da ukaže na specifične probleme u finansiranju malih i srednjih preduzeća (MSP) u Srbiji. Pokazalo se kako kroz istraživanje stručne literature, tako i kroz konkretno naučno istraživanje, da su MSP najčešće u problemu da se održe iz razloga što nisu u poziciji da pronađu sredstva za rad i napredak, ali i da su sa tim upoznati ili u maloj meri ili uopšte nisu upoznati. Utvrđeno je da MSP beleže da su im nedostupni povoljni krediti i da opstaju i razvijaju se u najvećem procentu od strane kapitala samih vlasnika ili njihovih rođaka i prijatelja. Ukoliko se u obzir uzme značaj koji MSP imaju u rastu nacionalne ekonomije, neophodno je da država pronađe način da im omogući da se nesmetano razvijaju i rastu. Vrlo važan način za izvore finansiranja MSP predstavljaju garancijski fondovi, koji su u ulozi garancije da će MSP vratiti kredit bankama. Još jedan segment koji predstavlja prepreku u poverenju države, banaka i drugih finansijskih institucija u MSP jeste i činjenica da se preduzeća osnivaju i gase radi pranja novca.
IS THE SOFT POWER OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY IN THE MIDDLE EAST ENOUGH?
Authors: Štrbac Katarina , Milosavljević Branislav , Tomašević Vladimir
Published: April 2024

Regardless of the existing conflicts, the twenty-first century might be predominantly a century of soft power, most pronounced in Europe. Turkey, which geographically belongs to Europe and Asia, has been looking to achieve its foreign policy priorities and is changing its methodology of conducting foreign policy. The use of soft power based on national culture, political values, religion, economy, institutions, and international relations in the early 21st century represented a radical turn compared to earlier historical attempts. Throughout history, Turkey used hard power in the region, but it was mostly unsuccessful. Therefore, the nature of soft power represented an opportunity for strengthening Turkey as a regional power and a qualitative change of negative stereotypes about this country. However, it is evident that soft power in the changed regional security circumstances in the final years of the second decade in the 21st century is insufficient, so Turkey has started using hard power (military) again to strengthen its leadership position. This paper explains the soft power of the Republic of Turkey in the MENA region and the recent reorientation to the combination of military strength and diplomatic influence in international relations. How much that rearrangement in foreign policy will position Turkey in the new security and political circumstances at the beginning of the 21st century's third decade remains to be seen.
A RELAÇÃO ENTRE AS DROGAS E A CRIMINALIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE CRIMINOLÓGICA E JURÍDICA
Authors: Castro Isaias Noleto de , Bezerra Marco Antonio Alves
Published: April 2024

O aumento da criminalidade, apontada em diversas pesquisas, possui diversos fatores, dentre os quais se destaca o tráfico de drogas. Por ser um crime com grande lucratividade para os autores, o tráfico origina uma série de organizações criminosas que funcionam de forma organizada, mantendo-se principalmente pela prática de novos delitos, dentre os quais, se inserem aqueles cometidos mediante violência ou grave ameaça. Diante deste cenário, a presente pesquisa teve o objetivo de apresentar a relação existente entre o tráfico de drogas e os índices de criminalidade no Brasil. Na metodologia, tratou-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, baseada em livros e estudos científicos selecionados e jurisprudência, cujo recorte temporal se deu entre 2018 a 2023 encontrados em base de dados como Scielo e Google Acadêmico. Nos resultados, ficou claro que não é possível imputar o aumento da violência às medidas de repressão, posto que seria o meio mais eficaz de redução dos crimes. Por outro lado, entende-se também que o uso de drogas é um problema social que não se limita às questões de saúde dos usuários, mas resulta em uma séria questão criminal, uma vez que, em razão das medidas tomadas para combater o tráfico ilegal, muita violência atinge a coletividade, que acaba sendo envolvida na questão ao residir em locais tomados pela criminalidade. A continuidade dos índices, mesmo após vários anos de vigência da lei de drogas, seria indicativa da necessidade de atualização dos mecanismos de combate ao tráfico.
O USO DO JOGO DA MEMÓRIA COMO FERRAMENTA DE ENSINO DE FUNÇÕES QUADRÁTICA, UM ESTUDO COM ALUNOS DO 1º ANODO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Nunes Elane Pereira , Avelino Felipe Neres , Sousa Deilson da Silva , Araujo Lauro Rodrigues de , Oliveira Gildon César de , Melo André Luiz Ferreira de Carvalho
Published: April 2024

Ao olhar para o atual contexto social, percebe-se que a Matemática é crucial para a construção da sociedade, integrando-se a diversas linguagens, inclusive social e escrita. Entretanto, o seu ensino enfrenta alguns dilemas e desafios que, requerem da comunidade científica atenção e estudos. Mais especificamente, se faz necessário o surgimento/validação de ferramentas e atividades que possam contribuir para o ensino de conceitos básicos matemáticos, merecendo destaque o estudo de funções. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral: Identificar as contribuições do uso do jogo da memória no ensino de funções quadráticas a alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Para tanto, o trabalho consistiu em uma Pesquisa de Campo cuja forma de abordagem foi qualitativa, feita por meio de um estudo de caso com 34 (trinta e quatro) alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio tendo como instrumentos a Observação Participante e o registro fotográfico. Os resultados indicaram que o uso do Jogo da Memória foi um valioso aliado no ensino de Matemática, especialmente para Funções Quadráticas. Os alunos participaram ativamente, revelando interesse e vencendo dificuldades, assumindo o protagonismo do processo educativo.
Gravity waves generated by the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcanic eruption and their global propagation in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere observed by meteor radars and modeled with the High-Altitude general Mechanistic Circulation Model
Authors: Stober Gunter , Vadas Sharon L. , Becker Erich , Liu Alan , Kozlovsky Alexander , Janches Diego , Qiao Zishun , Krochin Witali , Shi Guochun , Yi Wen , Zeng Jie , Brown Peter , Vida Denis , Hindley Neil , Jacobi Christoph , Murphy Damian , Buriti Ricardo , Andrioli Vania , Batista Paulo , Marino John , Palo Scott , Thorsen Denise , Tsutsumi Masaki , Gulbrandsen Njål , Nozawa Satonori , Lester Mark , Baumgarten Kathrin , Kero Johan , Belova Evgenia , Mitchell Nicholas , Moffat-Griffin Tracy , Li Na
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha′apai volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, launching Lamb waves and gravity waves into the atmosphere. In this study, we present results using 13 globally distributed meteor radars and identify the volcanogenic gravity waves in the mesospheric/lower thermospheric winds. Leveraging the High-Altitude Mechanistic general Circulation Model (HIAMCM), we compare the global propagation of these gravity waves. We observed an eastward-propagating gravity wave packet with an observed phase speed of 240 ± 5.7 m s−1 and a westward-propagating gravity wave with an observed phase speed of 166.5 ± 6.4 m s−1. We identified these waves in HIAMCM and obtained very good agreement of the observed phase speeds of 239.5 ± 4.3 and 162.2 ± 6.1 m s−1 for the eastward the westward waves, respectively. Considering that HIAMCM perturbations in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere were the result of the secondary waves generated by the dissipation of the primary gravity waves from the volcanic eruption, this affirms the importance of higher-order wave generation. Furthermore, based on meteor radar observations of the gravity wave propagation around the globe, we estimate the eruption time to be within 6 min of the nominal value of 15 January 2022 04:15 UTC, and we localized the volcanic eruption to be within 78 km relative to the World Geodetic System 84 coordinates of the volcano, confirming our estimates to be realistic.
A climatology of cold pools distinct from background turbulence at the Eastern North Atlantic observations site
Authors: Smalley Mark A. , Witte Mikael K. , Jeong Jong-Hoon , Chinita Maria J.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. We develop an algorithm to identify cold pools at the DOE’s Eastern North Atlantic (ENA) site on Graciosa Island and examine the statistics of retrieved cold pools for the entire observational record from late 2016 to 2023. The retrieval strategy relies on leveraging above-background bivariate deviations in near-surface temperature and water vapor mixing ratio from the ENA station time series. Cold pools at ENA tend to be weak with a prominent annual cycle peaking in the cooler months and caused by reductions in the background turbulence during those months. Often, surface rain events are not associated with cold pools due to a combination of factors including but not limited to high background turbulence, high relative humidity, and low rain rate. The retrieval correctly identifies cold pools that are not associated with observed surface rain at the met station. Understanding the factors that lead to the formation of weak cold pools will lead to a greater understanding of the dynamics of the marine boundary layer at ENA and how those dynamics feed back to the cloud morphological structures.
Gully rehabilitation in Southern Ethiopia – value and impacts for farmers
Authors: Mekuria Wolde , Phimister Euan , Yakob Getahun , Tegegne Desalegn , Moges Awdenegest , Tesfaye Yitna , Melaku Dagmawi , Gerber Charlene , Hallett Paul , Smith Jo
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Gully erosion can be combatted in severely affected regions like sub-Saharan Africa by a range of low-cost interventions that are accessible to affected farmers. However, for successful implementation, biophysical evidence of the effectiveness of interventions needs to be combined with buy-in and input from local communities. Working with farmers in a watershed in Southern Ethiopia, we investigated (a) the effectiveness of low-cost gully rehabilitation measures to reduce soil loss and upward expansion of gully heads, (b) how farmers and communities view gully interventions, and (c) whether demonstrating gully interventions in-context changes farmers’ knowledge and perceptions of their capacity to act. On-farm field experiments, key informant interviews, focus group discussions and household surveys were used to collect and analyze data. Three gully treatments were explored, all with riprap, one also with grass planting, and one with grass planting and check-dam integration. Over a period of 26 months these low-cost practices ceased measurable gully head expansion, whereas untreated gullies had a mean upward expansion of 671 cm resulting in a calculated soil loss of 11.0 tonnes. Farmers viewed these gully rehabilitation measures positively, apart from the high cost of input materials and technical requirements of gabion check-dams. Ongoing rehabilitation activities and on-farm trials influenced knowledge and understanding of similar gully treatments among survey respondents. On-farm experiments and field day demonstrations empowered farmers to act, addressing pessimism from some respondents about their capacity to do so.
The influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on Storm Babet-like events
Authors: Thompson Vikki , Philip Sjoukje Y. , Pinto Izidine , Kew Sarah F.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. In October 2023 Storm Babet led to extreme flooding and strong winds across the United Kingdom. We use atmospheric flow analogues to assess multidecadal variability in events similar to Storm Babet. We show that comparing analogues for timeslices results are highly sensitive to the chosen periods, thus we instead assess analogue trends through time. We identify a possible link between Storm Babet-like events and the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), supporting the hypothesis that positive AMV leads to stormier western European weather. Events similar to Storm Babet are 7.5 times more likely during positive AMV. The method presented could be developed for use in the attribution of extreme weather events, allowing identification of possible causes of changes in the similarity of analogues to an extreme event through time. Increasing our understanding of the causes of extreme weather events can allow us to better predict future changes in such events, allowing society to prepare and adapt for the future.
Understanding the soil loss at the permanent gully headcut area in the Mollisols region of Northeast China
Authors: Ma Chao , Wang Shoupeng , Zheng Dongshuo , Zhang Yan , Tang Jie , Wen Yanru , Dong Jie
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The development of permanent gullies can trigger both gravitational mass-wasting on over-steepen slopes and water erosion on the channel bed. This hydrogeomorphic process is typically driven by the hydrology process of the headcut area and the hydro-mechanical response within the soil mass. In this study, erosion intensities were observed at the headcut area of two permanent gullies in the Mollisols region of Northeast China during the rainy and snow-melting seasons. To understand water storage capacity and leakage process, as well as the suction stress level during the rainy and snow-melting seasons, critical parameters such as soil moisture, temperatures, and precipitation amounts were investigated. This analysis also incorporated the effects of pore water pressure rising and dissipation properties, and hydro-mechanical properties of Mollisols. The Mollisols at the interrupted headcut area of gully No. II exhibited a higher ratio and proxy of pore water rising and dissipation than those at the uninterrupted headcut of gully No. I. Moreover, the combination of soil and water characteristic curve along with the hydraulic conductivity function (HCF) indicate that the Mollisols of gully No. II has relatively higher air-entry pressure and saturated hydraulic conductivity during wetting and drying cycles than those of gully No. I. The headcut area of gully No. II exhibited rapid water infiltration and leakage responses during rain events, with high capacity in the water storage during torrential rain, rainstorm, and snow-melting season. Overall, the absolute suction stress within the Mollisols of gully No. II was lower than that of gully No. I, which could lead to high erosion intensity on the over-steepen slope. Importantly, we provided new evidence that the area erosion intensity of gravitational mass-wasting on the over-steepen slope was closely related to the soil suction stress level. Additionally, we observed a correlation between the erosion intensity of the gully bead near the headcut and the soil water storage. The findings of this study significantly deepen our understanding of the physical process of permanent gully development in the Mollisols region. We provide important insights that the accuracy of the Universal Soil Loss Equation could be improved by accounting for the effects of soil water storage pattern and soil suction stress status.
Understanding microbial sourcing in Greenland subglacial runoff
Authors: Lamarche-Gagnon Guillaume , Stibal Marek , Anesio Alexandre M. , Wadham Jemma L. , Hawkings Jon , Falteisek Lukáš , Vrbická Kristýna , Klímová Petra , Žárský Jakub D. , Kohler Tyler J. , Bagshaw Elizabeth A. , Hatton Jade E. , Beaton Alex D. , Telling Jon
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The microbial ecosystems that lie beneath ice sheets can impact and contribute to global biogeochemical cycles, yet remain poorly understood given the logistical challenges in directly accessing the subglacial environment. Studies instead often rely on indirect sampling of subglacial systems via the collection of meltwaters emerging from ice margins. However, the origin of exported material in these waters will change over a melt season as glacier hydrology responds to changes in surface melt. Here, we reveal trends in microbial sourcing (source environment) and assemblages in a large proglacial river in southwest Greenland by investigating three microbial datasets (16S rRNA) collected during different hydrological periods over three separate summer melt seasons. By combining microbial data with high-resolution hydrological and hydrochemical measurements, we show that changes in microbial assemblages follow changes in hydrological periods, likely influenced by variations in glacial drainage expansion inland with concomittant variations in inputs of surface melt and subglacial sediment exports. We further illustrate how relative changes in microbial assemblages can inform on the state of the glacial hydrological system, and also focus on methane-cycling populations to infer their potential distribution beneath the ice. Overall, our results highlight that timing matters when sampling proglacial rivers and we caution interpretations of exported assemblages without a good understanding of the catchment and system studied; this is especially true for larger systems which undergo more complex hydrological changes over a melt season.
On the Cause of Large Daily River Flow Fluctuations in the Mekong River
Authors: Morovati Khosro , Shi Lidi , Pokhrel Yadu , Wu Maozhu , Someth Paradis , Ly Sarann , Tian Fuqiang
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Natural fluctuations in river flow are central to the ecosystem productivity of basins, yet significant alterations in daily flows pose threats to the integrity of the hydrological, ecological, and agricultural systems. In the dammed Mekong River, the attribution of these large daily flow changes to upstream regions remains mechanistically unexamined, a factor blamed on challenges in estimating the time required for large daily shifts in upstream river flow to impact the downstream regions. Here, we address this by integrating a newly developed sub-basin modeling framework that incorporates 3D hydrodynamic, response time, and hydrological models. This integration allows us to estimate the time required between two hydrological stations and to distinguish the contribution of sub-basins and upstream regions to large daily river flow alterations. Findings revealed a power correlation between river discharge and the required time to reach downstream stations. Significant fluctuations in the river's daily flow were evident before the advent of the era of human activities, i.e., before 1992. This phenomenon persisted throughout subsequent periods, including the growth period from 1992 to 2009 and the mega-dam period spanning from 2010 to 2020, with minimal variation in the frequency of events. Sub-basins were found to significantly contribute to mainstream discharge- a contribution which led to a significant contribution of sub-basins into mainstream daily large river flow shifts. The outcomes and model derived from the sub-basin approach hold significant potential for managing river fluctuations and have broader applicability beyond the specific basin studied.
Understanding winter windstorm predictability over Europe
Authors: Degenhardt Lisa , Leckebusch Gregor C. , Scaife Adam A.
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Winter windstorms belong to the most damaging meteorological events in the extra-tropics. Their impact on society makes it essential to understand and improve seasonal forecasts of these extreme events. Skilful predictions on a seasonal timescale have been shown in previous studies by investigating hindcasts from various forecast centres. This study aims to explain storm forecast skill based on relevant dynamical factors. Therefore, a number of factors which are known to influence either windstorms directly or their synoptic relevant systems, mid-latitude cyclones, are investigated. These factors are analysed for their relation to windstorm forecast performance based on a reanalysis (ERA5) and the seasonal hindcast of the UK Met Office (Global Seasonal forecasting system version 5, GloSea5). Within GloSea5, relevant dynamical factors are (1) validated with respect to their physical connections to windstorms, (2) investigated with respect to the seasonal forecast skill of the factors themselves, and (3) assessed on the relevance and influence of their forecast performance to and on windstorm forecast skill. Although not all investigated factors reveal a clear and consistent influence on windstorm forecast skill over Europe, core factors like mean sea level pressure gradient, sea surface temperature, equivalent potential temperature and Eady growth rate show consistent results within these three steps: their physical connection is well represented in the model; these factors are skilfully predicted in storm-relevant regions, and, consequently, this skill leads to increased forecast skill of winter windstorms over Europe. This study thus explains existing forecast skill in winter windstorms but also indicates potential for further model developments to improve seasonal winter windstorm predictions.
Experimental validation of a short-term damping estimation method for wind turbines in nonstationary operating conditions
Authors: Ebbehøj Kristian Ladefoged , Couturier Philippe Jacques , Sørensen Lars Morten , Thomsen Jon Juel
Published: April 2024

Abstract. Modal properties and especially damping of operational wind turbines can vary over short time periods as a consequence of environmental and operational variability. This study seeks to experimentally test and validate a recently proposed method for short-term damping and natural frequency estimation of structures under the influence of varying environmental and operational conditions from measured vibration responses. The method is based on Gaussian process time-dependent auto-regressive moving average (GP-TARMA) modelling and is tested via two applications: a laboratory three-storey shear frame structure with controllable, time-varying damping and a flutter test of a full-scale 7 MW wind turbine prototype, in which two edgewise modes become unstable. Damping estimates for the shear frame compare well with estimates obtained with stochastic subspace identification (SSI) and standard impact hammer tests. The efficacy of the GP-TARMA approach for short-term damping estimation is illustrated through comparison to short-term SSI estimates. For the full-scale flutter test, GP-TARMA model residuals imply that the model cannot be expected to be entirely accurate. However, the damping estimates are physically meaningful and compare well with a previous study. The study shows that the GP-TARMA approach is an effective method for short-term damping estimation from vibration response measurements, given that there are enough training data and that there is a representative model structure.
A snapshot mosquito field survey reveals the occurrence of Aedes geminus, Anopheles daciae, and Culex torrentium in the Republic of Ireland
Authors: Schaffner F. , Medlock J.M. , Vaux A.G.C. , Giantsis I.A.
Published: April 2024

A snapshot mosquito field survey was conducted in the Republic of Ireland in April–May 2017 and 2018 (for the VectorNet project) to provide mosquito distribution data as there is a dearth of recent data available for that region. The occurrence data obtained serve as a baseline for a preliminary public and veterinary health risk assessment and to promote further targeted vector surveillance. Morphological identification was complemented by genetic analyses to determine the species identity of members of the Anopheles Maculipennis Complex and the Culex Pipiens Assemblage. A total of 52 samples, including 50 immature aquatic samples and 2 adult catches, were collected from 72 locations inspected and distributed over 30 of the 34 vice counties across the country. Seventeen mosquito taxa were collected, and here we provide the first records of Aedes geminus, Anopheles daciae and Culex torrentium for the Republic of Ireland. We also confirm the occurrence of both Anopheles algeriensis and Culiseta alaskaensis which have only been found once before in Ireland.
La formación del politólogo: un análisis de la oferta académica en España
Authors: Barreda­ Mikel , Delgado Sotillos Irene
Published: April 2024

Resumen. Dentro de este monográfico dedicado al quehacer profesional del politólogo, este artículo aborda una cuestión clave: la formación académica. En particular, se examina el desarrollo histórico de la ciencia política en España, así como la situación actual de su enseñanza, aportando nueva evidencia empírica. Para ello, se ha realizado un análisis de contenido de la información sobre las titulaciones universitarias de ciencia política y sus planes de estudio. Los resultados del análisis arrojan tres grandes conclusiones. En primer lugar, se constata la notable transformación de la formación politológica desde la puesta en marcha del proceso de Bolonia, particularmente en relación con la introducción de un nuevo modelo pedagógico (centrado en el estudiante y orientado a una formación más práctica), y la internacionalización de los programas formativos. En segundo lugar, estos cambios generales se han producido, empero, a distintas velocidades entre las universidades españolas (por ejemplo, variaciones con respecto a la internacionalización y las asignaturas de prácticas). Por último, la ciencia política está experimentando una fuerte competencia por parte de nuevas titulaciones universitarias con un destacado perfil politológico.
El politólogo como político. La ciencia política como compromiso, vocación y acción
Authors: Pasquino Gianfranco
Published: April 2024

El título de mi artículo es algo engañoso, pues nunca fui ni quise ser “político”. Por casualidad y, quizá por alguna virtud, considero un gran honor y una alta distinción haber sido el primer profesor italiano de Ciencias Políticas electo como senador al Parlamento durante tres legislaturas 1983-1987; 1987-1992; 1994-1996. Espero que mis reflexiones sobre por qué, cuándo y cómo arrojen algo de luz sobre la política italiana y sobre la ciencia política en general y, por supuesto, sobre la relación entre política y ciencia política y viceversa. Quizá de ello se deriven algunas lecciones para la profesión y la disciplina, para la política y los actores políticos. Muchas de esas lecciones he intentado trasladarlas a mis escritos. Por ello, los lectores encontrarán referencias a los artículos y libros que he escrito a lo largo de mi vida productiva. En este artículo, mis escritos pretenden iluminar los problemas que voy a tratar, identificar las fuentes de mi pensamiento y sugerir lo que queda por hacer. Afortunadamente o no en política y en el estudio de la política, siempre y en todas partes queda mucho por hacer con viejos y nuevos problemas, buscando viejas, y olvidadas, y nuevas enseñanzas. La ciencia política no es la única respuesta, pero es la que he practicado y sigo considerando más prometedora, preferible e intelectual y políticamente más gratificante.
Les compétences à développer pour la gestion de projets en IA : part de soi, part d’autrui
Authors: Psyché Valéry , Tremblay Diane-Gabrielle , Payen Jean Baptiste Valérie
Published: April 2024

Dans un contexte où l’intégration de l’IA dans les processus, produits et services des organisations devient cruciale, nous avons conduit une recherche centrée sur le développement des compétences en gestion de projets d’IA et avons constaté l’importance croissante des compétences transversales (soft skills). L’objectif était de saisir les dimensions collaboratives versus les dimensions individuelles dans l’acquisition de ces compétences, traditionnellement acquises dans un environnement collectif de travail, du point de vue des gestionnaires de projets IA. Notre texte traite du processus de développement d’un référentiel de compétences, coconstruit avec les experts du domaine, ainsi que des analyses dégagées de ce processus sur le plan des compétences requises et du mode d’acquisition de ces compétences pour le développement de l’identité professionnelle. Ce référentiel vise à orienter les stratégies de formation en gestion de l’IA des établissements de formation, afin qu’ils puissent concevoir des formations adaptées à la réalité du milieu du travail, incluant des besoins d’apprentissage collaboratif.