bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whence the Law: The Politics of Women's Rights, Regime Change, and the Vestiges of Reform in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Osanloo Arzoo
Published: June 2008

The U.S. foreign policy program favoring regime change in Iran mobilizes women's rights as a means to garner domestic sympathy for intervention. In doing so, pundits and politicians draw on epistemological assumptions that render Iranian women's lives in binary opposition to those of women in the United States and the West, often misconstruing the day-to-day realities of Iranian women's lives and discounting internal women's rights movements.

This essay considers how political characterizations of Iranian women and women in other Muslim-majority countries produce the conditions through which women's rights are understood and studied. In the highly politicized context of regime change, this essay asks: what are the effects of international pressure on local Iranian women and on their movements? Given the anti-imperialist tenor of the 1979 revolution and the centrality of women's rights therein, this essay further considers the effects of contemporary discourses of regime change that highlight women and argues that such discourses can actually hurt internal movements rather than help them.

Finally, this essay offers a different way to think about women's rights in these regions, one that involves a rethinking of the terms of the debate itself and moving beyond the binaries of East-West and premodern-modern. In the Iranian framework, we are seeing an instance of modern liberal values in a novel context—an Islamic republic. This essay calls for critical studies of women's rights and human rights that explore the international politicization of women's rights alongside new and complex state formations throughout the world.
Feminism, Torture, and the Politics of Chicana/Third World Solidarity: An Interview with Olga Talamante
Authors: Gómez Alan Eladio
Published: June 2008

This interview brings to light the transnational and gender politics of the Chicana/o movement during the 1970s, as well as the effects of state terrorism and torture on the political trajectory of the Chicana activist and organizer Olga Talamante.

On November 10, 1974, uniformed men arrested Talamante, a Chicana activist from Gilroy, California, and thirteen young Argentine activists in Azul, Argentina. The young leftist activists had been working on health and educational projects when martial law was declared. Accused of violating the National Security Act, Talamante was subjected to four days of terror—including electric shocks, beatings, and psychological torture—and incarcerated in the earliest days of Argentina's “dirty war” of state terrorism. Born in Mexicali, Mexico, and raised in Gilroy, Talamante had attended the University of California at Santa Cruz and was involved with the student group Movimiento Estudiantil Chicana/o de Aztlán (Chicana/o Student Movement of Aztlán—MEChA), the United Farm Workers (UFW), and the women's group Chicana Consciousness. Talamante's border crossings—between Mexico and the United States and across the Americas, from agricultural fields to the university, from student politics to revolutionary movements—as well as her analysis of the effects of capitalism across the continent led her to identify Chicana/o with Mexico, Latin America, and a global imaginary. Talamante's experiences of torture and incarceration in Argentina can also be linked to the current torture scandals at Abu Ghraib, Guantánamo Bay, and other secret CIA so-called black-site prisons.
“That Was a Dirty Job!” Technology and Workplace Hazards in Meatpacking Over the Long Twentieth Century
Authors: Horowitz Roger
Published: June 2008

Workplace dangers are inherent in the meatpacking industry because of the nature of tasks necessary to generate meat from animals that come in irregular sizes and to keep that product wholesome for consumers. While meatpacking injuries are both endemic and substantially more prevalent than in most American industries, their danger rests in their cumulative impact and not on dramatic accidents, as is the case in the mining and construction industries. Nonetheless, throughout the twentieth century, meatpacking left behind thousands of permanently damaged workers.

Traditionally the most common dangers in meatpacking were knife wounds and falls due to wet conditions. Since 1980, repetitive-motion disorders have become the most prevalent form of workplace injuries, as the danger to workers shifted from the hand holding the meat to the hand making the cuts. The increase in these forms of workplace dangers is closely associated with the collapse of union power and the sharp decline in meatpacking employment to jobs of last resort.

The current injury-and-illness reporting requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) conceal the extent of workplace injuries in meatpacking. Unlike methods prevalent before 2002, injuries that do not require absence from work are exempt from reporting requirements. Similarly, firms are not required to report injuries developed through cumulative activity, such as repetitive-motion disorders. Consequently, the level of workplace dangers in meatpacking is no longer accurately reflected in government statistics.
A study of thermal and mechanical behaviour for the optimal design of automotive disc brakes
Authors: Cho H-J , Cho C-D
Published: June 2008

The thermal distortion induced by thermoelastic instability (TEI) results in hot spots on the surface of the brake disc. This can incur low-frequency vibration known as judder. In pad-induced squeal noise, mode coupling occurs owing to the variation in the friction coefficient between the disc and pad, inducing high-frequency noise. Through a coupled analysis of hot spots and squeal phenomena, an optimum disc and pad design can be designed for higher thermal and mechanical performance. In this study, numerical and experimental analyses are performed in accordance with disc thickness, pressurization type of caliper, and lining arc length, considering thermal and mechanical instability simultaneously. Thermal deformation and pressure distribution are calculated using a finite element analysis (FEA). For evaluating TEI performance, experiments are performed using a chassis dynamometer and a high-speed infrared camera, and the results are correlated with FEA results. A complex eigenvalue analysis is conducted to evaluate mechanical instability using an FEA. Modal testing and simulations are conducted to correlate a real model and an FE model, and the corrected simulation results are applied for a complex eigenvalue problem to analyse coupled modes according to rotor and pad shapes. The results on disc brake performances considering the disc and pad design are discussed in terms of hot spots and squeal problems.
Numerical study of the working mechanisms and influential factors affecting a compression ignition engine with a closed porous medium chamber
Authors: Zhao Z-G , Xie M-Z
Published: June 2008

This study simulated the working process of a porous medium (PM) engine, characterized as periodic contact type and fuelled with natural gas (methane (CH4)), by using an improved version of KIVA-3V to understand the working mechanism of the PM engine. The effects of the initial PM temperature, the PM structure and the valve opening timing on the compression ignition of the PM engine were also investigated. The improved version of KIVA-3V was validated by simulating the experiment made by Zhdanok et al. on the superadiabatic combustion of CH4—air mixtures under filtration in a packed bed. Computational results are in good agreement with experimental data for the speed of the combustion wave. Simulation results for the PM engine show that the initial PM temperature is the key factor in guaranteeing the onset compression ignition of the PM engine at a given compression ratio. The variation in PM structure affects the convective heat transfer between the gas and solid phase and the dispersion effect of the PM. The working of the PM engine does not allow later or earlier valve opening timing.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hydration Structure of KNO3 Electrolyte Solution
Authors: Lu Gui-wu , Li Ying-feng , Sun Wei , Li Chun-xi
Published: June 2008

Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the structure of ion clusters and hydration properties of KNO3 solution. The water molecule was treated as a simple-point-charge (SPC) model, and a four-site model for the nitrate ion was adopted. Both the Coulomb and Lennard-Jones interactions between all the charged sites were considered, and the long-range Coulomb electrostatic interaction was treated using Ewald summation techniques. The configuration of ionic pairs, the radial distribution function of the solution, and the effect of solution concentration on ionic hydration were studied in detail. It was found that there are ionic association phenomena in KNO3 solution and that the dimeric, triplet, solvent-separated ion pairs, and other complex clusters can be observed at high ionic concentration condition. As the concentration of solution decreases, the ionic hydration number increases, 5-7 for cation K+ and 3.5-4.7 for anion NO3, which is in good agreement with former Monte Carlo and time-of-flight neutron diffraction results.
Suppression of Spiral Waves by Generating Self-exciting Target Wave
Authors: Ma Jun , Jin Wu-yin , Li Yan-long
Published: June 2008

A new scheme is proposed to suppress stable and meandering spiral waves in excitable media by generating a self-exciting target wave in a local area. An arbitrary selected grid in the media is sampled, and the sampled signal is fed back into a local area in the media. Numerical simulation results confirm its effectiveness when the scheme is introduced into anisotropic (the diffusion coefficient is perturbed vs. time and/or space) and isotropic media. Results also show the scheme's robustness to spatiotemporal noise.
Atomic and Molecular Chemisorption of Oxygen in WO4 Clusters
Authors: Chen Zhao-ying , Yang Jin-long
Published: June 2008

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to study the monotungsten-oxide WO4 cluster in the anionic and neutral charge states. The results show the two most stable WO4 isomers have C2v and D2d symmetries and both have the four oxygen atoms attached to the tungsten W monomer atomically. The WO4 species previously suggested with a molecular adsorption of di-oxygen is found to be a metastable isomer of WO4, whose geometric, vibrational properties and electron affinities are in good agreement with the ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) experimental results. The reason why this metastable isomer could be observed in the experiment is given by a molecule formation mechanism. The UPS spectrums compare well with the excitation spectrum computed by time-dependent DFT method.
Luminescence Properties of Dy3+ Doped EuAl3(BO3)4 Crystals
Authors: Hou Yong-sheng , Chen Chi-lai , Yao Lian-zeng , Cai Wei-li
Published: June 2008

EuAl3(BO3)4 and Dy3+:EuAl3(BO3)4 crystals were synthesized and their luminescence properties were studied. The EuAl3(BO3)4 crystals have strong red emission. In the Dy3+ doped EuAl3(BO3)4 crystals, the Dy3+ strongly sensitized the luminescence of the Eu3+. A resonance mechanism of the energy transfer was suggested. The optimum Dy3+ concentration of the sensitization effect was 0.2. When the Dy3+ concentration was higher than 0.2, the quick drop of the Eu3+ 613 nm emission for DyxEu1xAl3(BO3)4 was attributed to the Dy3+ concentration quenching effect.
Theoretical Study of Isomerization and Decomposition Reactions for Methyl-nitramine
Authors: Wei Wen-mei , Zheng Ren-hui , Tian Yan , He Tian-jing , He Li , Chen Dong-ming , Liu Fan-chen
Published: June 2008

The complex potential energy surface and reaction mechanisms for the unimolecular isomerization and decomposition of methyl-nitramine (CH3NHNO2) were theoretically probed at the QCISD(T)/6-311+G*//B3LYP/6-311+G* level of theory. The results demonstrated that there are four low-lying energy channels: (i) the NN bond fission pathway; (ii) a sequence of isomerization reactions via CH3NN(OH)O; (IS2a); (iii) the HONO elimination pathway; (iv) the isomerization and the dissociation reactions via CH3NHONO (IS3). The rate constants of each initial step (rate-determining step) for these channels were calculated using the canonical transition state theory. The Arrhenius expressions of the channels over the temperature range 298-2000 K are k6(T)=1014.8e46.0/RT, k7(T)=1013.7e42.1/RT, k8(T)=1013.6e51.8/RT and k9(T)=1015.6e54.3/RT s1, respectively. The calculated overall rate constants is 6.9104 at 543 K, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. Based on the analysis of the rate constants, the dominant pathway is the isomerization reaction to form CH3NN(OH)O at low temperatures, while the NN bond fission and the isomerization reaction to produce CH3NHONO are expected to be competitive with the isomerization reaction to form CH3NN(OH)O at high temperatures.
Thermodynamic Properties of Vapor Complex Na2HfCl6
Authors: Li Jun-li , Yu Jin , Yang Dong-mei , Wang Zhi-chang
Published: June 2008

Thermodynamic studies were carried out for the vapor complex of sodium chloride with hafnium tetrachloride at 712-778 K and 0.5-3.1 kPa by using high temperature phase equilibrium-quenching experiments, with closed Pyrex glass ampoules as the reaction containers. The results show that the sole predominant vapor complex is Na2HfCl6 for the HfCl4-NaCl system under the experimental conditions. The thermodynamic equilibrium constants and other thermodynamic functions of the reaction 2NaCl(s)+HfCl4(g)=Na2HfCl6(g) have been derived from the measurements. The results for the changes in enthalpy and entropy are -65.51.5 kJ/mol and 99.62.0 J/(mol K) in the temperature range.
Effect of Growth Parameters on Morphology of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: He Qi , Lin Qing , Yao Lian-zeng , Cai Wei-li , Zhu Qi
Published: June 2008

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized on Fe-deposited silicon substrates using chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscope investigations reveal that the morphology of the CNTs depends on several growth parameters including the reaction temperature, the size of catalyst nanoparticles, and the partial pressure of the reaction gas. When the reaction temperature rises or the concentration of carbon source gas increases, the diameter of CNTs gets larger, but the length becomes shorter. With decreasing thickness of the catalyst film, the diameter of the CNTs shrinks monotonically, but the length of the CNTs increases first, reaches a maximum and then decreases afterwards. These results indicate that the diameter and the length of the vertically aligned CNTs can be manipulated by selecting appropriate growth parameters.
Marine endophyte sources of new chemical natural products: a review
Authors: Jones E.B. Gareth , Stanley Susan J. , Pinruan Umpava
Published: June 2008

We review the occurrence of fungal endophytes in marine organisms, in particular of seaweeds and mangrove plants, and compare them to obligate or marine-derived fungi. The ability of endophytes to produce a wide range of new or novel bioactive compounds is also discussed.
Reciprocally Imprinted Genes and the Response to Selection on One Sex
Authors: Patten Manus M , Haig David
Published: June 2008

We explore the theoretical consequences of limiting selection to males for the evolution of imprinted genes. We find that the efficiency of male-limited selection depends on the pattern of imprinting at an imprinted locus. When selection is strong, the maternally expressed pattern of imprinting allows faster genetic change than the reciprocal, paternally expressed pattern. When selection is relatively weak, the pattern of imprinting that permits a greater rate of genetic response to selection depends on the frequency of the favored allele: the paternally expressed pattern permits faster genetic change than does the maternally expressed pattern at low frequencies of a favored allele; at higher frequencies of a favored allele, however, the maternally expressed pattern is again more conducive to a genetic response. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical description of a difference between the two reciprocal patterns of imprinting. The selective efficiency bias we identify between the two patterns of imprinting has implications for natural and livestock populations, which we discuss.
Meiotic Recombination at the Ends of Chromosomes inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Barton Arnold B , Pekosz Michael R , Kurvathi Rohini S , Kaback David B
Published: June 2008

Meiotic reciprocal recombination (crossing over) was examined in the outermost 60–80 kb of almost all Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes. These sequences included both repetitive gene-poor subtelomeric heterochromatin-like regions and their adjacent unique gene-rich euchromatin-like regions. Subtelomeric sequences underwent very little crossing over, exhibiting approximately two- to threefold fewer crossovers per kilobase of DNA than the genomic average. Surprisingly, the adjacent euchromatic regions underwent crossing over at twice the average genomic rate and contained at least nine new recombination “hot spots.” These results prompted an analysis of existing genetic mapping data, which showed that meiotic reciprocal recombination rates were on average greater near chromosome ends exclusive of the subtelomeres. Thus, the distribution of crossovers in S. cerevisiae appears to resemble that found in several higher eukaryotes where the outermost chromosomal regions show increased crossing over.
Detecting Local Adaptation Using the Joint Sampling of Polymorphism Data in the Parental and Derived Populations
Authors: Innan Hideki , Kim Yuseob
Published: June 2008

When a local colonization in a new niche occurs, the new derived population should be subject to different selective pressures from that in the original parental population; consequently it is likely that many loci will be subject to directional selection. In such a quick adaptation event through environmental changes, it is reasonable to consider that selection utilizes genetic variations accumulated in the precolonization phase. This mode of selection from standing variation would play an important role in the evolution of new species. Here, we developed a coalescent-based simulation algorithm to generate patterns of DNA polymorphism in both parental and derived populations. Our simulations demonstrate that selection causes a drastic change in the pattern of polymorphism in the derived population, but not in the parental population. Therefore, for detecting the signature of local adaptation in polymorphism data, it is important to evaluate the data from both parental and derived populations simultaneously.
Investigation of the Properties of Non-gypsy Suppressor of Hairy-wing-Binding Sites
Authors: Kuhn-Parnell Emily J , Helou Cecilia , Marion David J , Gilmore Brian L , Parnell Timothy J , Wold Marc S , Geyer Pamela K
Published: June 2008

Insulators define interactions between transcriptional control elements in eukaryotic genomes. The gypsy insulator found in the gypsy retrovirus binds the zinc-finger Suppressor of Hairy-wing [Su(Hw)] protein that associates with hundreds of non-gypsy regions throughout the Drosophila genome. Models of insulator function predict that the gypsy insulator forms chromatin loop domains through interactions with endogenous Su(Hw) insulators (SIs) to limit the action of transcriptional control elements. Here we study SI 62D and show that interactions occur between two SI 62D elements, but not between SI 62D and the gypsy insulator, limiting the scope of genomic gypsy insulator interactions. Enhancer blocking by SI 62D requires fewer Su(Hw)-binding sites than needed for gypsy insulator function, with these target regions having distinct zinc-finger requirements for in vivo Su(Hw) association. These observations led to an investigation of the role of the Su(Hw) zinc-finger domain in insulator function. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo studies, we find that this domain makes sequence-dependent and -independent contributions to in vivo chromosome association, but is not essential for enhancer or silencer blocking. These studies extend our understanding of the properties of Su(Hw) and the endogenous genomic regions to which this protein localizes.
Evolution of Fitnesses in Structured Populations With Correlated Environments
Authors: Star Bastiaan , Trotter Meredith V , Spencer Hamish G
Published: June 2008

The outcome of selection in structured populations with spatially varying selection pressures depends on the interaction of two factors: the level of gene flow and the amount of heterogeneity among the demes. Here we investigate the effect of three different levels of spatial heterogeneity on the levels of genetic polymorphisms for different levels of gene flow, using a construction approach in which a population is constantly bombarded with new mutations. We further compare the relative importance of two kinds of balancing selection (heterozygote advantage and selection arising from spatial heterogeneity), the level of adaptation and the stability of the resulting polymorphic equilibria. The different levels of environmental heterogeneity and gene flow have a large influence on the final level of polymorphism. Both factors also influence the relative importance of the two kinds of balancing selection in the maintenance of variation. In particular, selection arising from spatial heterogeneity does not appear to be an important form of balancing selection for the most homogeneous scenario. The level of adaptation is highest for low levels of gene flow and, at those levels, remarkably similar for the different levels of spatial heterogeneity, whereas for higher levels of gene flow the level of adaptation is substantially reduced.
Principles of quality of life measurement and its application in childhood
Authors: Berkes Andrea , Mogyorósy Gábor
Published: June 2008

Háttér:Az orvosi szakirodalomban egyre nagyobb számban megjelenő, életminőséggel kapcsolatos közlemények értő és kritikus elemzése, a vizsgálatok klinikai gyakorlatban való elterjedése csak a módszerekkel kapcsolatos szakmai elvárások ismeretében valósulhat meg.Cél:Az életminőség és az egészségfüggő életminőség legelfogadottabb meghatározásainak, a mérések alkalmazási lehetőségeinek és a mérőmódszerek belső jellemzőinek ismertetése. A gyermekkori életminőség-mérés nehézségeinek, illetve a megvalósítás lehetőségeinek hangsúlyozása. Gyakorlati útmutatás korábbi eredmények értékeléséhez és vizsgálatok tervezéséhez.Módszer:Az egészségfüggő életminőség mérésének módszertanával, a kulturális ekvivalencia lehetőségeivel és a gyermekkori mérésekkel foglalkozó szakirodalom áttekintése, a leggyakrabban előforduló problémák kiemelésével, a jelenlegi szakmai elvárásoknak megfelelő mérőmódszerek bemutatásával.Következtetés:„Patient-reported outcome” mérésekkel, köztük az egészségfüggő életminőség mérésével az egészségügyi ellátás színvonala javítható. Különböző betegcsoportok vizsgálatára az általános és betegségspecifikus modullal rendelkező módszerek alkalmazása javasolt. A nyelvi, kulturális ekvivalencia és az eredmények nemzetközi összehasonlíthatósága az adaptálásra vonatkozó szakmai irányelvek pontos betartásával, a mérőmódszerek belső jellemzőinek ellenőrzését szolgáló pszichometriai próbák elvégzésével valósulhat meg. Gyermekkori mérések során minél fiatalabb életkortól a gyermek és a szülő párhuzamos megkérdezésére kell törekedni.
The principals of pumpless extracorporeal lung assist
Authors: Göbölös László , Hejjel László , Imre Jenő , Lindenmayer-G. Réka , Wiebe Karsten , Foltan Maik , Thrum Andrea , Ugocsai Péter , Tóth Zsolt , Farkasfalvi Klára , Sipos Elemér , Kiss Rudolf , Győrimolnár Iván , Philipp Alois
Published: June 2008

A minimalizált extracorporalis tüdőtámogatás az elmúlt évek szervpótló fejlesztéseinek jelentős lépése, amely lehetővé teszi az egyébként terápiarezisztens ARDS hatékony kezelését. Az arteria és a vena femoralis között létesített arteriovenosus söntön keresztül oxigenizáljuk a beteget, így kielégítő pumpafunkció mellett szükségtelen a mesterséges keringés kialakítása. Zárt rendszerének, a redukált mennyiségű feltöltő folyadéknak és csekély heparinizációs igényének köszönhetően a hagyományos extracorporalis membránoxigenizáció előnytelen következményei jelentősen csökkenthetők. Alacsony eszköz- és személyzetigénye megteremti kis kórházakban vagy akár betegszállítás során történő használatának lehetőségét, üzemeltetési költsége is csekélyebb az ECMO-nál. Összefoglalónk a rendszer 123 betegen tapasztalt előnyeit és biztonságosságát mutatja be.
The Effect of Largemouth Bass Predation on Overwinter Survival of Two Size‐Classes of Age‐0 Bluegills
Authors: Shoup Daniel E. , Wahl David H.
Published: June 2008

Overwinter mortality is an important force structuring year‐class strength of many fishes. Conventional wisdom is that overwinter mortality is primarily caused by starvation; however, recent research has demonstrated that piscivores continue to feed during winter and may also contribute to overwinter mortality of their prey populations. We conducted experiments in ten 0.04‐ha earthen ponds in central Illinois to assess the effect of predation by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides on survival of two size‐classes (20‐30 and 40‐65 mm total length [TL]) of age‐0 bluegills Lepomis macrochirus. Bluegills (400 fish/size‐class) were stocked into each pond at the end of November. Half of the ponds also received five small (90‐124 mm TL) and four large (166‐192 mm TL) largemouth bass. Survival to the end of the 113‐d experiment was higher for large bluegills than for small bluegills in all ponds. For both bluegill size‐classes, the predator‐present treatment had higher mortality than the predator‐free treatment. Relative to the predator‐free treatment, mortality of bluegills in the predator‐present treatment increased by 16% for the large size‐class and 49% for the small size‐class. Mean length and relative condition (Kn) of both bluegill size‐classes increased by the end of the experiment in both treatments, suggesting that the observed mortality was not caused by starvation. Further exploration is needed to elucidate why bluegills in the predator‐free treatment suffered overwinter mortality despite the increase in Kn during the experiment. Length and Kn of largemouth bass increased (large size‐class) or stayed the same (small size‐class), suggesting that at least some of the predators foraged during winter. Our results indicate that size‐specific overwinter mortality of bluegills occurs at the middle latitudes of the species' range. Further, winter predation can be an important component influencing size‐specific overwinter survival and size‐structured interactions between fishes.
Longevity and Change in Shell Condition of Adult Male Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio Inferred from Dactyl Wear and Mark‐Recapture Data
Authors: Fonseca Duane B. , Sainte‐Marie Bernard , Hazel François
Published: June 2008

Postmolt longevity and changes in the shell condition and body integrity of male snow crab Chionoecetes opilio after their terminal molt were assessed through a mark‐recapture experiment and population censuses in a commercially unfished locality of eastern Canada. The experiment explored the value of dactyl wear as a quantitative measure and shell condition (SC; measured on a five‐stage scale) as a relative index of shell age. Males were recaptured up to 6 years after release. Much of the extensive variation in observed dactyl wear was explained by time at liberty (Δt) and male size, and the extent of change in SC was positively correlated with Δt. The conservative wear‐based estimate of male longevity was 7.7 years, a value 1‐3 years greater than previously estimated. Dactyl wear and recapture data confirmed that SC is a relative, albeit rough, index of shell age. Shell hardness was positively correlated with male size and peaked in stage 3 about 3.5 years after the terminal molt. The number of missing pereopods increased with shell age and SC stage and overall was negatively correlated with male size. The commercial value of adult males may be highest at 1‐4.5 years post‐terminal molt and the reproductive value at 2‐5.5 years.
Seasonal Distribution, Aggregation, and Habitat Selection of Common Carp in Clear Lake, Iowa
Authors: Penne Christopher R. , Pierce Clay L.
Published: June 2008

The common carpCyprinus carpiois widely distributed and frequently considered a nuisance species outside its native range. Common carp are abundant in Clear Lake, Iowa, where their presence is both a symptom of degradation and an impediment to improving water quality and the sport fishery. We used radiotelemetry to quantify seasonal distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection of adult and subadult common carp in Clear Lake during 2005‐2006 in an effort to guide future control strategies. Over a 22‐month period, we recorded 1,951 locations of 54 adults and 60 subadults implanted with radio transmitters. Adults demonstrated a clear tendency to aggregate in an offshore area during the late fall and winter and in shallow, vegetated areas before and during spring spawning. Late‐fall and winter aggregations were estimated to include a larger percentage of the tracked adults than spring aggregations. Subadults aggregated in shallow, vegetated areas during the spring and early summer. Our study, when considered in combination with previous research, suggests repeatable patterns of distribution, aggregation, and habitat selection that should facilitate common carp reduction programs in Clear Lake and similar systems.
Sensibilidade e especificidade da análise perceptivo-auditiva da voz na triagem de distúrbios laríngeos
Authors: Eckley Claudia Alessandra , Anelli Wanderlene , Duprat André De Campos
Published: June 2008

Apesar da crescente experiência adquirida com as campanhas nacionais da voz na triagem de indivíduos com alterações laríngeas, ainda não estabelecemos qual o melhor método de avaliação: triagem fonoaudiológica exclusiva, exame laringoscópico exclusivo ou trabalho conjunto médico/fonoaudiólogo para triagem. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do atual estudo foi avaliar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo e negativo da análise perceptivo auditiva da voz em comparação com videolaringoscopia como método de triagem de indivíduos com alterações laringofaríngeas. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foram comparados os aspectos vocais (escala GRBASI, pitch, loudness, CPF e ressonância) e videolaringoscópicos de 567 indivíduos que participaram da Campanha da Voz 2005 em um hospital universitário terciário. RESULTADOS: A alteração laríngea mais freqüente foi o refluxo laringofaríngeo (RLF) (43,5%), seguida de lesões benignas (17%) e suspeitas de malignas (1%). A sensibilidade da avaliação perceptivo-auditiva da voz foi 91% para os pacientes com lesões benignas e 100% nas suspeitas de maligna, porém apenas 76% no RLF. Dos exames considerados normais 52% foram flagrados como tendo alterações vocais. O valor preditivo positivo foi de 71% e o negativo foi de 61%. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de importante, a análise perceptivo-auditiva não deve ser usada como único instrumento de triagem em campanhas de saúde vocal.
Emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção em ovinos normais e após indução de hiperinsulinemia
Authors: Maia Francisco Carlos Zuma e , Lavinsky Luiz , Möllerke Roseli Oliveira , Duarte Marcos Eugenio Soares , Pereira Daniela Peres , Maia Juliana Elert
Published: June 2008

As emissões otoacústicas transientes evocadas e as emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção vêm assumindo importância significativa na identificação de alterações cocleares. OBJETIVO: Através da monitorização das emissões otoacústicas, registrar os limiares dos produtos de distorção em condições normais e na presença de modificações eletrofisiológicas nas células ciliadas externas cocleares de ovelhas após a indução de hiperinsulinemia aguda. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo experimental com sete ovelhas no grupo-controle e sete no grupo-estudo. Os níveis de insulina e glicose foram verificados simultaneamente ao registro das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção de 10 em 10 minutos, até o tempo de 90 minutos. O grupo-controle recebeu soro fisiológico, e o grupo-estudo, injeção em bolo de 0,1 U/kg de insulina humana regular. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição significante nos limiares dos produtos de distorção no grupo-estudo em relação ao grupo-controle nas freqüências acima de 1.500 Hz e após o tempo de 60 minutos (P < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permitiu estabelecer os limiares das emissões otoacústicas por produtos de distorção em ovelhas com constante reprodutibilidade, o que mostra que o método é adequado para uso em investigações audiológicas e otológicas. Ficou, ainda, plenamente identificado que o hiperinsulinismo agudo foi capaz de provocar relevantes modificações nestes limiares.
A reprodutibilidade do espelho de Glatzel modificado na aferição da permeabilidade nasal
Authors: Brescovici Silvana , Roithmann Renato
Published: June 2008

O espelho de Glatzel (EG) é utilizado para a avaliação da permeabilidade nasal. Estudos de validação inexistem na literatura. Este estudo teve por objetivos verificar a reprodutibilidade do EG e a correlação intra-sujeito entre área de condensação e percepção subjetiva de permeabilidade nasal. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo onde 25 sujeitos foram avaliados com o EG por cinco minutos consecutivos; cada meia hora por quatro horas; cada dia no início da tarde, por cinco dias e toda a quinta-feira por cinco semanas consecutivas. Utilizou-se uma escala analógica visual para avaliar a percepção de respiração nos períodos. RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de correlação total (área direita mais esquerda) encontrado entre área de condensação e percepção subjetiva foi de r=0,04 (p=0,37). No lado esquerdo foi de r=0,08 (p=0,09) e no lado direito de r=0,05 (p=0,28). Os coeficientes de variação unilaterais medianos foram menores que 15% e os totais menores que 12%, independente do intervalo de tempo entre teste e re-teste. CONCLUSÃO: Não se evidenciou correlação significativa entre a percepção subjetiva e a área de condensação. A variabilidade unilateral foi maior do que quando considerados os valores totais (direito mais esquerdo) e não houve diferença na variabilidade das medidas de área de condensação nasal nos diferentes momentos do tempo.
Reabilitação vestibular em um hospital universitário
Authors: Tavares Flávia da Silva , Santos Maria Francisca Colella dos , Knobel Keila Alessandra Baraldi
Published: June 2008

A Reabilitação Vestibular visa melhorar o equilíbrio global, a qualidade de vida e orientação espacial dos pacientes com tontura. OBJETIVOS: Traçar o perfil dos pacientes atendidos no Ambulatório de Reabilitação Vestibular do Setor de Otoneurologia de um hospital universitário e verificar os resultados obtidos no período de novembro/2000 a dezembro/2004. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Levantamento de dados contidos nas fichas dos 93 pacientes submetidos à Reabilitação Vestibular no período. FORMA DE ESTUDO: Clínico retrospectivo. RESULTADOS: A média etária dos pacientes foi de 52,82 anos, 56 do sexo feminino e 37 do sexo masculino. O número médio de atendimentos foi 4,3, sendo maior para os pacientes com distúrbios otoneurológicos centrais (média de 5,9). Dentre os pacientes que concluíram o tratamento proposto, 37 (60,7%) obtiveram melhora significativa, 14 (22,9%) tiveram melhora parcial e 10 (16,4%) não referiram benefícios significativos. Os pacientes que mais se beneficiaram com a Reabilitação Vestibular tinham distúrbios otoneurológicos periféricos. CONCLUSÃO: A maior parte dos pacientes era do sexo feminino, com idade média de 52,8 anos. Cinqüenta e um pacientes (83,6%) tiveram benefício com a terapia confirmando a eficácia do tratamento.
Implante coclear e síndrome do aqueduto vestibular alargado em crianças
Authors: Vassoler Trissia Maria Farah , Bergonse Gilberto da Fontoura Rey , Meira Junior Silvio , Bevilacqua Maria Cecília , Costa Filho Orozimbo Alves
Published: June 2008

Crianças com SAVA podem ter deficiências auditivas moderadas a severas durante fases precoces da infância, porém sua audição residual permite que elas desenvolvam linguagem oral com aparelhos auditivos convencionais e possam estar completamente integradas a condições escolares regulares. Contudo, estas crianças apresentam uma deterioração de sua habilidade auditiva com o decorrer do tempo e o implante coclear está sendo utilizado como uma opção para manter a habilidade auditiva. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da habilidade auditiva de 3 crianças com SAVA submetidas a implante coclear. MATERIAIS: Estudo retrospectivo baseado em revisão de prontuários. RESULTADOS: Em reconhecimento de palavras em campo aberto paciente 1, 80%, paciente 2, 87,5%, paciente 3, 4%. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes com aqueduto vestibular alargado são considerados bons candidatos para implante coclear pelos principais centros de implante coclear do mundo, por desenvolverem, em sua maioria, bons resultados de percepção de fala, o que leva estes pacientes a uma boa inserção social.
A função vestibular em indivíduos usuários de implante coclear
Authors: Bonucci Ariane Solci , Costa Filho Orozimbo Alves , Mariotto Luciane Domingues Figueiredo , Amantini Regina Célia Bortoleto , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas
Published: June 2008

A ocorrência de alteração no equilíbrio no período pós-cirúrgico ao implante coclear varia de 31 a 75%. OBJETIVO: Analisar a função vestibular no período pré e pós-operatório da cirurgia de implante coclear. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Avaliou-se a função vestibular, por meio da vectoeletronistagmografia, de 38 pacientes, no pré e pós-cirúrgico de implante coclear. RESULTADOS: A principal queixa de desequilíbrio apresentada pelos pacientes foi a tontura, seguida pela vertigem postural e pela vertigem não-postural. Dos 38 pacientes avaliados, 13% deixaram de apresentar desequilíbrio após a cirurgia de implante coclear e apenas 5% referiram piora. Houve uma melhora na sintomatologia vestibular em 13% dos pacientes, sendo que esta possibilidade pode estar relacionada ao fenômeno de compensação vestibular e pela estimulação elétrica. Entretanto, foi observada na prova calórica uma piora na funcionalidade do sistema vestibular, tanto na orelha implantada como na orelha não-implantada. Assim, não há tendência de maior comprometimento na orelha implantada. CONCLUSÃO: O estudo demonstrou que o implante coclear pode comprometer o sistema vestibular em ambas as orelhas. Entretanto, a sintomatologia vestibular ocorre em menor proporção, podendo haver melhora no desequilíbrio após a cirurgia do implante coclear.
A invenção como ofício: as máquinas de preparo e benefício do café no século XIX
Authors: Ribeiro Luiz Cláudio M.
Published: June 2008

Aborda-se a sociedade cafeeira brasileira sob o aspecto da geração de invenções e inovações de máquinas destinadas ao preparo e benefício do café no período de 1860 a 1882. Sob a proteção da Lei de Patentes de 1830, os machinistas desenvolviam seus inventos, que eram examinados pela Sociedade Auxiliadora da Indústria Nacional (SAIN) para concessão do privilégio industrial e posterior fabricação e comercialização. Demonstra-se como as máquinas de café desenvolvidas por estes inventores-empresários no Brasil trouxeram para a fazenda cafeeira escravista a atualização tecnológica de máquinas agrícolas existentes nos países industriais e propiciaram uma melhoria de qualidade do benefício em grandes quantidades de café. Tal fato tornou possível não só a consolidação do país como maior exportador no mercado internacional, mas permitiu alterações na estrutura produtiva das fazendas escravistas.
O circuito social da fotografia em Porto Alegre (1922 e 1935)
Authors: Possamai Zita Rosane
Published: June 2008

A fotografia crescentemente vem sendo investigada pelos historiadores brasileiros, fazendo surgir diferentes abordagens metodológicas para análise dessas imagens visuais. Componente fundamental nos estudos dessa natureza é o mapeamento do circuito social da fotografia. Nesse âmbito encontra-se um conjunto de informações relacionadas à produção, à circulação e ao consumo da fotografia enquanto imagem visual, criadora e propagadora de determinados imaginários sociais, e enquanto artefato que teve lugar na vida das pessoas em diferentes contextos. Nesse artigo, investigo o circuito social da fotografia na cidade de Porto Alegre, nas décadas de 1920 e 1930, tentando buscar pistas da presença, na vida dos porto-alegrenses, desse engenho da modernidade e das vistas urbanas por ele difundidas.
Sobre los inicios del coleccionismo y los museos de arte en la Argentina
Authors: Baldasarre Maria Isabel
Published: June 2008

En la Argentina del siglo XIX, la formación de importantes colecciones privadas de arte se dio con anterioridad a la fundación de los museos. Estas colecciones - mediante donaciones o legados - fueron la base de los museos de arte del país y contribuyeron a lo largo de su historia al crecimiento de sus patrimonios condicionando directamente el perfil de sus acervos. Este artículo indaga sobre el inicio de la práctica del coleccionismo de arte en la Argentina, reconstruyendo algunas de las selecciones y mecanismos utilizados por los coleccionistas a la hora de ejercer sus juicios de gusto para armar sus conjuntos de obras. Este proceso se estudia en relación con la creación y crecimiento del primer y más importante museo de arte del país, el Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de Buenos Aires. Se analiza con detenimiento la labor de su mentor y primer director - Eduardo Schiaffino - y los modos en que sus opciones estéticas y los dispositivos utilizados para el crecimiento del patrimonio muchas veces se continuaron en las administraciones subsiguientes. Se examinan también los casos de algunos museos creados posteriormente en el interior del país, en los que también tuvo fuerte injerencia el coleccionismo privado, pero que desde su génesis plantearon un modelo distinto al ser altamente receptivos a las producciones de arte nacional.
Reconstituição do traçado da "estrada dos Goiases" no trecho da atual mancha urbana de Campinas
Authors: Rossetto Pedro Francisco
Published: June 2008

O artigo trata de reconstituir o traçado do trecho da estrada dos Goiases (rota de penetração bandeirista, aberta em 1722) na região da atual mancha urbana da cidade de Campinas através da análise de fotografias aéreas datadas de junho de 1940. O resultado - o traçado que corresponde às evidências coligidas - concorda com o traçado esquemático apresentado pelo historiador Celso Maria de Mello Pupo (PUPO, 1969), discordando de tradição divergente e presentemente dominante, no que concerne a trabalhos acadêmicos relativos à história de Campinas, também comentada. A reconstituição desse trecho do traçado desta antiga estrada a que Campinas deve suas origens impõe-se como passo inicial para a compreensão da posterior evolução do traçado urbano da cidade.
Method for determination of root curvature radius using cone-beam computed tomography images
Authors: Estrela Carlos , Bueno Mike Reis , Sousa-Neto Manoel Damião , Pécora Jesus Djalma
Published: June 2008

This article describes and discusses a method to determine root curvature radius by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). The severity of root canal curvature is essential to select instrument and instrumentation technique. The diagnosis and planning of root canal treatment have traditionally been made based on periapical radiography. However, the higher accuracy of CBCT images to identify anatomic and pathologic alterations compared to panoramic and periapical radiographs has been shown to reduce the incidence of false-negative results. In high-resolution images, the measurement of root curvature radius can be obtained by circumcenter. Based on 3 mathematical points determined with the working tools of Planimp® software, it is possible to calculate root curvature radius in both apical and coronal directions. The CBCT-aided method for determination of root curvature radius presented in this article is easy to perform, reproducible and allows a more reliable and predictable endodontic planning, which reflects directly on a more efficacious preparation of curved root canals.
Comparative study of chemical and mechanical retentive systems for bonding of indirect composite resin to commercially pure titanium
Authors: Faria Adriana Cláudia Lapria , Matos Rodrigo Lino de , Rodrigues Renata Cristina Silveira , Antunes Rossana Pereira de Almeida , Ribeiro Ricardo Faria , Mattos Maria da Gloria Chiarello de
Published: June 2008

This study evaluated the effect of chemical and mechanical surface treatments for cast metal alloys on the bond strength of an indirect composite resin (Artglass) to commercially pure titanium (cpTi). Thirty cylindrical metal rods (3 mm diameter x 60 mm long) were cast in grade-1 cpTi and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=5) according to the received surface treatment: sandblasting; chemical treatment; mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm beads; mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads; chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.4 mm; and chemical/mechanical treatment - 0.6 mm beads. Artglass rings (6.0 mm diameter x 2.0 mm thick) were light cured around the cpTi rods, according manufacturer's specifications. The specimens were invested in hard gypsum and their bond strength (in MPa) to the rods was measured at fracture with a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 2.0 mm/min and 500 kgf load cell. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (a=5%). The surface treatments differed significantly from each other (p<0.05) regarding the recorded bond strengths. Chemical retention and sandblasting showed statistically similar results to each other (p=0.139) and both had significantly lower bond strengths (p<0.05) than the other treatments. In conclusion, mechanical retention, either associated or not to chemical treatment, provided higher bond strength of the indirect composite resin to cpTi.
Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of the depth of dentin caries-like lesions in primary and permanent teeth
Authors: Carvalho Fabíola Galbiatti de , Fucio Suzana Beatriz Portugal de , Sinhoreti Mario Alexandre Coelho , Correr-Sobrinho Lourenço , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria
Published: June 2008

This study analyzed comparatively, by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the depth of caries-like lesions produced by biological and chemical artificial models in permanent and primary dentin. Six primary molars and six premolars were used. The occlusal enamel was removed and a nail polish layer was applied on the specimens, except for a 4 x 2 mm area on dentin surface. Half of specimens were immersed in acid gel for 14 days (chemical model) and the other half was immersed in BHI broth with S. mutans for 14 days (biological model). After development of artificial caries, the crowns were longitudinally sectioned on the center of the carious lesion. Three measurements of carious dentin depth were made in each specimen by CLSM. Measurements depths were compared between the caries models and between tooth types by one-way ANOVA and Tukey test (a=5%). For permanent teeth, the biological model showed significantly higher (p<0.05) caries depth values than the chemical model. For primary teeth, no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found between the caries models. The artificial caries model influenced caries depth only in permanent teeth. There was no difference in carious dentin depth between permanent and primary teeth, regardless of the artificial caries model.