bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained Inflation for Lung Aeration After Birth
Authors: Foglia Elizabeth E. , Kirpalani Haresh
Published: January 2016

Lung aeration is critical for successful neonatal transition after birth. Most preterm infants require assistance to aerate their lungs and establish a functional residual capacity. Continuous positive airway pressure and intermittent positive airway pressure with positive end-expiratory pressure are the standard methods of supporting lung aeration. Sustained inflation is an alternative strategy to promote lung aeration. In this article, we review the available preclinical and clinical evidence for sustained inflation.
Primary Care Physician Follow-up of Distal Radius Buckle Fractures
Authors: Koelink Eric , Schuh Suzanne , Howard Andrew , Stimec Jennifer , Barra Lorena , Boutis Kathy
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVES:

Our main objective was to determine the proportion of children referred to a primary care provider (PCP) for follow-up of a distal radius buckle fracture who subsequently did not deviate from this reassessment strategy.

METHODS:

This prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED). Eligible children were aged 2 to 17 years with a distal radius buckle fracture treated with a removable splint and referred to the PCP for reassessment. We telephoned families 28 days after their ED visit. The primary outcome was the proportion who received PCP follow-up exclusively. We also measured the proportion who received PCP anticipatory guidance and those children who reported returning to usual activities “always” by 4 weeks.

RESULTS:

We enrolled 200 children, and 180 (90.0%) received telephone follow-up. Of these, 157 (87.2% [95% confidence interval: 82.3 to 92.1]) received PCP follow-up exclusively. Specifically, 11 (6.1%) families opted out of physician follow-up, 5 (2.8%) self-referred to an ED, and the PCP requested specialty consultation in 7 (3.9%) cases. Of the 164 with a PCP visit, 77 (47.0%) parents received anticipatory guidance on return to activities for their child, and 162 (98.8%) reported return to usual activities within 4 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS:

The vast majority of children with distal radius buckle fractures presented to the PCP for follow-up and did not receive additional orthopedic surgeon or ED consultations. Despite a suboptimal rate of PCP advice on return to activities, almost all parents reported full return to usual activities within 4 weeks.
Introduction to Bioethics Special Supplement V: Ethical Issues in Genomic Testing of Children
Authors: Lantos John D.
Published: January 2016

Next-generation genome sequencing of children is one of the most promising and most challenging new technologies in pediatrics. On the one hand, it offers the hope that we will be able to diagnose rare conditions that were previously impossible to diagnose, which, in turn, might lead to new treatments. On the other hand, the technology for sequencing presents daunting problems of interpretation. It is problematic to conduct the research necessary to characterize the pathogenicity of those variants at the same time that we are using them to guide the clinical care of children who have complex medical problems. It is difficult to know how parents will deal with predictive genomic information about their children. It is also difficult to know whether genome sequencing will complement or replace more traditional methods of newborn screening. This special supplement to Pediatrics presents some early reports from researchers who are exploring both the technical issues as well as the ethical, legal, and social issues that arise when we perform genomic sequencing on newborns.
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Disability in the NICU: Exploring Practical and Ethical Challenges
Authors: Deem Michael J.
Published: January 2016

Clinical whole-genome sequencing (WGS) promises to deliver faster diagnoses and lead to better management of care in the NICU. However,several disability rights advocates have expressed concern that clinical use of genetic technologies may reinforce and perpetuate stigmatization of and discrimination against disabled persons in medical and social contexts. There is growing need, then, for clinicians and bioethicists to consider how the clinical use of WGS in the newborn period might exacerbate such harms to persons with disabilities. This article explores ways to extend these concerns to clinical WGS in neonatal care. By considering these perspectives during the early phases of expanded use of WGS in the NICU, this article encourages clinicians and bioethicists to continue to reflect on ways to attend to the concerns of disability rights advocates, foster trust and cooperation between the medical and disability communities, and forestall some of the social harms clinical WGS might cause to persons with disabilities and their families.
Experimental Design and Investigation of Novel Pulsed Laser Deposited Structures for YBCO Based Coated Conductors
Authors: Rizzo Francesco , Mancini Antonella , Vannozzi Angelo , Augieri Andrea , Armenio Achille Angrisani , Fabbri Fabio , Galluzzi Valentina , Rufoloni Alessandro , Celentano Giuseppe
Published: January 2016

The study of high quality YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) based superconducting films is a fundamental issue to be addressed when dealing with the realization of efficient coated conductors with large current carrying capacity. In this perspective the investigation of innovative buffer layers structures able to allow epitaxial YBCO film grow on metallic substrates and to prevent contamination and degradation issues holds a central role.

In this work we thoroughly study the properties of YBCO films grown by means of pulsed lasers deposition on CeO2 template on both bare MgO single crystal and MgO-homoepitaxial/MgO single crystal substrates. Due to its high chemical and temperature stability the MgO reduces the oxygen diffusion effects. On the other hand, the CeO2 layer, pulsed laser deposited, prevents the YBCO film from metallic contamination and facilitates its epitaxial growth. Morphology and crystalline structure of buffer layers and superconductors film are investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray and electrons back-scattered diffraction techniques (XRD and EBSD).

YBCO films show good critical temperature values (Tc > 87K) with sharp transitions. These encouraging results make our structures promising candidates in the realization of high quality YBCO based coated conductors.
Análisis político del discurso de Ernesto Laclau: una propuesta para la investigación social transdisciplinaria
Authors: Fair Hernán
Published: January 2016

El presente artículo desarrolla una propuesta de articulación transdisciplinaria que aporta algunas herramientas teóricas tendientes a complejizar y reforzar la capacidad operativa de la perspectiva de Ernesto Laclau, con el objeto de construir una metodología rigurosa, útil y válida para el análisis político del discurso, sin perder de vista su meta socialmente transformadora. De este modo, se espera contribuir a la construcción de un programa de investigación social sobre la teoría de la hegemonía desde nuestra región.
El Buen Gobierno desde una perspectiva iberoamericana. Un especial análisis del caso ecuatoriano de Jose Manuel Canales y Andrés Martínez Moscoso (coord.)
Authors: Abellan Lopez Maria Angeles
Published: January 2016

Reseña de El Buen Gobierno desde una perspectiva iberoamericana. Un especial análisis del caso ecuatoriano
Moving Forward, Looking Back: On the Frontlines of Dietary Shift in Rural Ecuador
Authors: Gross Joan , Guerrón Montero Carla , Berti Peter , Hammer Michaela
Published: January 2016

En medio de la transición nutricional global, en este artículo se examinan prácticas locales de madres de familia en la sierra norte del Ecuador, haciendo uso de métodos de investigación etnográfica. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que las comunidades estudiadas continúan preparando alimentos enteros en su gran mayoría; no obstante, al mismo tiempo están presentes alimentos procesados que son deseados y usados en algunos hogares de la zona. Finalmente se discute sobre dos discursos que motivan las selecciones alimenticias en esta región: la nostalgia y el cosmopolitanismo.
Construcción social del maíz transgénico: grupos sociales relevantes en Chihuahua
Authors: Fernández Nava Marco Antonio
Published: January 2016

Para el enfoque socio-técnico, el significado de un artefacto tecnológico no puede encontrarse en el artefacto mismo. Abordar el maíz transgénico desde el análisis socio-técnico equivale a conducir su investigación más allá del artefacto. Para ello, es necesario superar y evitar posiciones deterministas, sean sociales o tecnológicas. Este trabajo parte del enfoque de la Construcción Social de la Tecnología (SCOT, por sus siglas en inglés). Por lo tanto, el maíz transgénico es un objeto no acabado que sufre el embate y es resultado de las luchas, opiniones, discusiones, consensos, disensos y redefiniciones de los Grupos Sociales Relevantes (). Estos grupos, el Frente Democrático Campesino, El Barzón, Agrodinámica Nacional y la Unión Agrícola Regional de Productores de Maíz Amarillo (UNIPRO), demuestran que el desarrollo tecnológico es un proceso social. Deconstruir el maíz transgénico de acuerdo con las diferentes perspectivas de los distintos GSR es una operación clave del análisis constructivista: tomar a los artefactos tal como son vistos por los GSR. El objetivo, entonces, es describir cómo los GSR, con su accionar, construyen y deconstruyen el significado del maíz transgénico en Chihuahua, México.
Intersubjetividad y domesticación en el devenir de una región global: la territorialización del salmón en la Patagonia chilena
Authors: Blanco Wells Gustavo , Arce Alberto , Fisher Eleanor
Published: January 2016

Este artículo examina transformaciones en la Patagonia chilena, región líder en la producción de salmón para mercados globalizados. Utilizando una aproximación etnográfica, se abordan las posibilidades de considerar las intersubjetividades en los procesos de conformación de regiones importantes para la producción global de alimentos, argumentando contra algunas perspectivas que enfatizan en la interobjetividad al explorar relaciones humanas y no humanas. En un mundo complejo y globalizado, la teoría del ensamblaje permite comprender cómo las transformaciones regionales son estimuladas por formas de biopoder que generan nuevas relaciones entre vida, agencia y naturaleza. Se rastrean experimentos, encuentros y afectos, descentrando así miradas convencionales sobre domesticación de especies, desarrollo regional y producción de alimentos, y abriendo un debate sobre las potencialidades y límites de interpretaciones no lineales de la realidad.
The most Common Primary School Pupils' Misconceptions Based on the Concept of Protection in the Chemical Context
Authors: Šindelková Monika , Plucková Irena
Published: January 2016

Each pupil brings from his/her everyday life a lot of personal experiences and ideas. These ideas about various concepts and topics can sometimes be mistaken or completely wrong. A complex term misconception is used for a summary of these mistaken ideas. Misconception is seen as a wrong notion, wrong idea. It occurs in the context of the pupil's mistaken notions and mistaken conception of the curriculum or one of the forms of pupils' conception of the curriculum. In the course of teaching, pupils are affected not only by teachers, but also by pupil's ideas and experiences that pupils bring from their surroundings. Teachers should be able to work with these ideas and try to correct pupils' misconceptions. A part of this contribution is not only a literature review of the misconception issue, but mainly the results of a research carried out on pupils in the eighth and ninth grades in nine primary schools. The aim of the research was mapping the most common misconceptions associated with the concept of protection in the chemical context of the curriculum.
Variants of Comprehension of the “Own” and the “Alien” in Anglo-American Literature of the End of the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Posudiyevska Olga
Published: January 2016

The problem of encounter – meeting/conflict of the “own” and the “alien” became especially actual in Anglo-American literature of the end of the XIXth century due to the increasing tension in relations between the newly-born American nation and Old Europe on the threshold of World War I. The brightest examples of encounter depiction are revealed in the works by O. Wilde (The Canterville ghost), H. James (Daisy Miller) and M. Twain (Innocents abroad).This study concentrates on the analysis of three works with the similar plot-lines – the arrival of American “innocents”, having “new”, free-from-prejudice, pragmatic and down-to-earth life approach, to the Old World where they have to face the “old”, traditional cultural and moral values. Special attention is paid to O. Wilde’s complication of the subject-matter of his story due to the specific choice of the main character – a supernatural being. Thus, the range of problems in “The Canterville ghost” increases from the real conflict of the English (“own”) and the American (“alien”) to the encounter of the material and the ideal, of poetical literary world of fantasy and romance and reality.The researcher makes the conclusion that the works represent three different views on the encounter problem and the ways of its solution, influenced by the writers’ origin and their own interest in the certain party of the encounter which they belonged to by birth – “English” (O. Wilde), “transatlantic” (H. James) and “American” (M. Twain). H. James’ view appears to be the most pessimistic – the compromise of the “own” and the “alien” is impossible. M. Twain’s innocents admit the great value of the Old World’s cultural achievements. However, their victory over utilitarian attitude to life is an isolated case contrasting with overall pragmatism. O. Wilde’s view seems to be the most positive: his characters return to the Old World’s historical and cultural traditions and to the wonderful poetic world created by the European literature. However, the story itself is presented in a form of ironic, parodical play with the clichés of Gothic literature which shows artificiality and illusiveness of the depicted events and impossibility of their embodiment in real life.
Fundamentals of Sustainable Development in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Focus on Water Policy in Nigeria
Authors: Okeke Remi Chukwudi
Published: January 2016

Development and its sustainability have undeviatingly remained critical components of social science investigation. Sub-Saharan Africa has also continued to elicit mainstream investigative attention. There is apparently, acute bewilderment on what has become the fate of development in this region of the international community. Findings of this study indeed validate a hypothesis of gargantuan developmental challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa. Consequently, policy ambivalences on water are indicative of the difficulties of sustainable development in the African region. It is concluded in this study that the availability of sound water policies and the spirited implementation of such policies can change the atmosphere of weariness in this African area. To engender the requisite sustainable development therefore requires that the composite governments (and other private investors) in Sub-Saharan Africa should embark on massive and functional water schemes, borne of credible water policies. The Nigerian state is strategically placed by naturally hued opportunities to take the lead in this regard.
Students' Perception of the Effects of Online Social Networking: An Empirical Assessment
Authors: Asif-Ur-Rahman S.M. , Junayed Mohammed , Masoom Muhammad Rehan
Published: January 2016

Social networking sites have had an impact on the twenty-first century generations of internet user, making it a very active means of communications, particularly among university students. Questions arise about the impact of social networking sites on academic performance and the possibility of using them as an effective educational tool to improve academic performance. The study assesses students’ opinion regarding usage of social networking sites and its impact on their academic performance. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to select a sample of ninety-six undergraduate students from seven private universities and they were asked to complete a structured questionnaire set with 18 questions. Descriptive-comparative research design was adopted. The data was subjected to descriptive analysis, particularly percentages and frequency table counts.
Communicative-Analytic Method in Teaching English to Adults at Commercial English Schools and Centers in Ukraine
Authors: Tarnopolsky Oleg
Published: January 2016

The growing use of English as the language of global communication leads to the growing demand for learning it among adult population of non-English-speaking countries. If such people did not have a chance of acquiring English during their school or university years but urgently need it for professional or personal purposes, they learn it in courses offered by numerous commercial language schools and centers. This article deals with the experience of teaching English at such schools and centers in Ukraine. The way of teaching and learning suggested in the article was developed to meet students’ expectations and, at the same time, to be in full accordance with the most cutting edge achievements in today’s approaches to organizing adult students’ successful language acquisition. The developed method of teaching/learning was called the communicative-analytic one since, on the one hand, it makes use of the best in communicative language learning required for optimal attainment of the final goal of language education for adults – developing their English communicative competence. On the other hand, the communicative approach is combined with learners’ analysis, practicing, and consciousness-raising as to separate language forms that students believe to be indispensable for language acquisition. Experiential learning activities and cultural orientation of the method are discussed, as well as some peculiarities of using it in courses of different levels within a commercial English language program.
Zero Emotiveness in Business Communication
Authors: Savytska Larysa
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study is to prove that the function of emotiveness in any type of business communication as a linguistic category reflects language design of communicants’ emotion. The concept of zero emotiveness is considered as an example of business communication but a business text can acquire emotiveness. The semantic status of zero emotiveness in a business text has the status of potential. Zero emotiveness is manifested in words with the potential that acquire emotive connotation due to actualization of latent, probabilistic semes of emotiveness or putting semes of emotiveness from consociation to the semantic of neutral words. The degree of emotiveness depends on the status of a business text. Even in strictly standardized and regulated business texts emotiveness is presented in its zero degree.
The Biblical Foundations of the Pilgrimage
Authors: Vacaru Cristian
Published: January 2016

This paper aims to highlight some aspects concerning the phenomenon of religious pilgrimage, insisting on some biblical foundations of the pilgrimage phenomenon, as well as, in a theological approach, on its motivations and significance in Christianity. Religious pilgrimage centres on the desire to experience the encounter with God. Going on pilgrimage is an answer to this inner call: the pilgrim begins his journey with the awareness of being called by God. Some events and persons in the history of Israel anticipate and symbolize aspects and features of religious pilgrimage. The entire journey of the people of Israel through the desert was a pilgrimage made with the hope of reaching the Promised Land. Although during a pilgrimage may occur moments of wandering, difficulties, attempts and sometimes even desperation (events that can be also found in the pilgrimage of the chosen people), the experience of the pilgrimage is a celebration that profoundly marks the personality and spirituality of pilgrims.
Influence of Social Responsibility of the Enterprise on the Individual Labor Mobility
Authors: Zolotaryova Olga
Published: January 2016

The main purpose of the article to justify the need to consider the influence of social responsibility of the enterprise on individual labor mobility and the prospects of using the tools of social responsibility for the formation of positive trends in individual labor mobility and ensuring the development of the enterprise. In the article the essence of the category of "social responsibility" is defined, the foreign and domestic experience in the field of social responsibility is investigated, the main strategic objectives and tools of social responsibility of the enterprise in different countries are considered. Statistical data on the labor market in Ukraine over the past five years are shown, which pointing negative trends in individual labor mobility. Proposals for greater use of the tools of social responsibility of the company and changing these trends are made. Problems faced by the enterprise on the path to this are concretized. The State's role in removing these barriers is explaned.
Some Critical Issues of Human Capital Accounting in the Public Sector of Developing States
Authors: Okeke Remi Chukwudi , Idike Adeline Nnenna
Published: January 2016

This study examines the concept of human capital accounting as it relates to the public sector of developing countries. It interrogates the origin of the concept of human capital accounting. It studies what human capital accounting portends for the public sector in developing countries. It is a study of the relevance and the omens of human capital accounting in the public sector of developing countries. The public sector trajectory of human capital accounting is viewed in the study, as a peculiar tool of public (sector) administration in the developed societies and not a universally applicable tool of public administration at the current level of development in the developing states. Consequently, the study leads to a conclusion that in the public sector of developing states, human capital development or human capital formation may be the more relevant engagement for scholarship and practical purposes.
Engenharia de requisitos em projetos ágeis: Uma revisão da literatura baseada em evidências da indústria
Authors: Medeiros Juliana Dantas Ribeiro Viana de , Alves Daniela C. P. , Vasconcelos Alexandre Marcos Lins de , Schuenemann Carla Taciana Lima Lourenço Silva , Wanderley Eduardo
Published: January 2016

Nos últimos anos, percebe-se um interesse crescente, da indústria e da academia, na utilização de metodologias ágeis como estratégia para minimizar problemas no desenvolvimento de software, tais como expectativas do cliente não atendidas e dificuldades em estimar prazo e orçamento. Apesar disso, pouco ainda se sabe sobre como a engenharia de requisitos está sendo conduzida em conjunto com essas metodologias. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar como a engenharia de requisitos e as metodologias ágeis vêm sendo utilizadas conjuntamente em projetos de desenvolvimento de software aplicados na indústria. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura, que encontrou 24 estudos primários relevantes, cujos dados foram extraídos e sintetizados. Essa revisão identificou as técnicas e processos de engenharia de requisitos que estão sendo mais utilizados no contexto de desenvolvimento ágil e os principais problemas e limitações encontrados. A síntese dos dados apontou que a falta de envolvimento do usuário associada às características das atuais técnicas utilizadas para especificar requisitos e suas constantes mudanças são os principais desafios a serem superados.
Literatura, Escola e Formação literária: entre práticas e descaminhos
Authors: Formiga Girlene Marques , Inácio Francilda Araújo , Barbosa Socorro de Fátima Pacífico
Published: January 2016

A escola constitui-se um espaço privilegiado para estimular o gosto pela leitura, cabendo a ela, portanto, a promoção do acesso às obras literárias, de maneira a provocar os chamados “comportamentos leitores”. Nesse contexto, torna-se imperiosa, para a formação de leitores, uma abordagem em torno dessa mediação que reconheça na escolarização da literatura um processo inevitável no universo escolar. Inserindo-se nessa discussão, a partir da concepção de que o letramento literário é fonte e principal função da literatura escolarizada, o presente artigo busca lançar aqui algumas reflexões, notadamente no que se refere ao acesso à leitura de textos literários, acerca de práticas docentes adotadas para a mediação da leitura literária na escola. Para fundamentar as discussões, buscamos como referência estudos de especialistas que reforçam a preocupação com o ensino de literatura e coadunam com a nossa forma de pensar e conceber o seu lugar na escola.

 
Gerenciamento de conflitos em sistemas colaborativos: revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Lira Heremita Brasileiro , Tedesco Patricia Azevedo
Published: January 2016

O advento das organizações virtuais e dispersas aumenta a demanda por sistemas colaborativos e contribui para as discussões relacionadas ao gerenciamento de conflitos, que são inerentes ao trabalho colaborativo e podem significar oportunidades nos processos de aprendizado e colaboração. Entretanto, acreditamos que as abordagens atuais de gerenciamento de conflitos em sistemas colaborativos não proveem mecanismos para estimular tais processos. O objetivo deste trabalho é responder a seguinte pergunta: como os conflitos vêm sendo gerenciados em sistemas colaborativos na última década? Para isto foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura para responder de forma criteriosa este questionamento de pesquisa, usando uma metodologia confiável, rigorosa e auditável. Os principais resultados apontam que os processos definidos nesta última década têm como foco sua detecção e resolução, ou seja, o conflito não vem sendo gerenciado como uma oportunidade de aprendizado e colaboração, e sim como um problema a ser resolvido. Estes resultados apontam caminhos abertos para pesquisas relacionadas ao tema, como a definição e implementação de modelos, processos e ferramentas com o objetivo de melhorar a colaboração.
Influência das condições ambientais sobre os manipuladores e sua relação com a contaminação dos alimentos
Authors: Hiluey Correia Liz Jully , Oliveira Márcia Roseane Targino de , Nascimento Wallace Barbosa do , Fernandes Ane Josana Dantas
Published: January 2016

Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a influência das condições ambientais (térmicas, acústicas e lumínicas) sobre o bem-estar dos manipuladores de alimentos durante o desempenho das atividades de produção e sua relação com a contaminação microbiológica dos alimentos. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo teórico, que utilizou como método de coleta de dados a revisão bibliográfica. Baseada na literatura especializada, a pesquisa foi realizada a partir de consulta a livros e periódicos disponíveis na biblioteca da UFCG e a artigos científicos selecionados no Portal de Periódicos da Capes/MEC, cujo acesso é livre. A pesquisa bibliográfica revelou um número considerável de estudos sobre as variáveis térmicas, acústicas e lumínicas no ambiente de trabalho, além de uma diversidade de trabalhos sobre os riscos de contaminações microbiológicas dos alimentos durante a produção; no entanto, foram selecionados apenas os trabalhos relacionados ao tema em estudo. Verificou-se que a sudorese excessiva que acomete os manipuladores de alimentos, o desconforto acústico e a iluminação deficiente podem acarretar a contaminação dos alimentos. O estudo permitiu compreender os métodos utilizados nas medições das variáveis, a influência que as variáveis exercem no bem-estar dos manipuladores e, por conseguinte, a atuação destes como possíveis agentes de contaminação dos  alimnetos.
Declínio populacional das abelhas polinizadoras de culturas agrícolas
Authors: Oliveira M. O.
Published: January 2016

As abelhas são os principais polinizadores na natureza, sendo de fundamental importância na condução de muitas culturas agrícolas ao redor do mundo, promovendo várias melhorias na cadeia produtiva da agricultura. A polinização realizada por abelhas contribui para a melhoria da qualidade e/ou a quantidade de frutos e sementes produzidos. Entretanto, apesar de toda importância, as abelhas encontram-se em processo de desaparecimento em várias partes do mundo, principalmente na Europa e em alguns países da América do Norte. Pesquisas recentes estão mostrando um grande declínio das abelhas nativas e abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera), principalmente como consequência das alterações ambientais, que provocam severos efeitos negativos na disponibilidade de alimentos disponíveis para as abelhas. Assim essa revisão tem como objetivo, reforçar a importância das abelhas da polinização agrícola e alertar sobre a atual situação e o declínio populacional de diferentes grupos desses importantes polinizadores.
Propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo e água residuária de mandioca
Authors: Araújo N. C. de , Ramos A. P. , Queiroz A. J. P. , Santos R. C. dos , Buriti J. Da S.
Published: January 2016

A vantagem do processo de fabricação de tijolos com manipueira é ser ecologicamente correto, pois não consome água, nem há necessidade de ir ao forno, economizando recursos naturais e fazendo uso de um efluente altamente poluente. Assim, este trabalho objetivou analisar as propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo associado à manipueira como alternativa sustentável. Foram avaliados os parâmetros absorção de água e resistência à flexão. Em conformidade com os resultados, observou-se que as massas cerâmicas apresentaram valores de absorção de água da ordem de 10 a 13 %, valores aceitáveis para fabricação de blocos cerâmicos e valores de resistência a flexão adequados para fabricação de tijolos maciços, tanto, os corpos de prova com queima quanto os corpos de provas sem queima. Assim, conclui-se que a troca da água pela adição da manipueira na massa cerâmica não interfere nas propriedades mecânicas e esta pode ser adicionada a massa cerâmica para fabricação de tijolos ecológicos através do processo de prensagem.Mechanical properties of manufactured bricks with soil and cassava wastewaterAbstract: The advantage of the manufacturing process of brick with cassava is being environmentally friendly because it does not consume water, and there is no need to go to the oven, saving natural resources and making use of a highly polluting effluent. This work aimed to analyze the mechanical properties of bricks made from soil associated with cassava as a sustainable alternative. Parameters were evaluated water absorption and flexural strength. In accordance with the results, it was observed that the ceramic material provided water absorption values of the order of 10 to 13%, acceptable values for manufacturing ceramic blocks and bending strength values suitable for manufacture of solid bricks, both proof bodies test with burns as the proof bodies of evidence without burning. It is therefore concluded that the replacement of water by the addition of cassava the ceramic mass does not interfere with the mechanical properties and that can be added to the ceramic paste for manufacturing green bricks through the pressing process.
Políticas migratorias y dictadura militar en Argentina (1976-1983): la construcción de un modelo migratorio
Authors: Nejamkis Lucila Sabrina
Published: January 2016

Este artículo presenta el análisis del modelo migratorio instalado durante la dictadura militar argentina del periodo 1976-1983. La intención es evidenciar los cimientos con los que se “gestionó” la migración por más de 26 años. El interés se debe a que la disposición y continuidad de esta política pública generó una forma de tratar la migración limítrofe que actualmente, a pesar del cambio de política de 2003, aún repercute en la práctica cotidiana, tanto de los organismos públicos como de la población en general. Para establecer las relaciones propuestas, se trabajó mediante un diseño metodológico cualitativo que combina el análisis sociojurídico y documental de la legislación y reglamentaciones con el método histórico-comparativo.
Narrativas privadas y problemáticas colectivas: religión judía y dictadura
Authors: Schenquer Laura
Published: January 2016

Este trabajo analiza la afiliación a la corriente religiosa liberal (no ortodoxa) llamada Conservative Judaism de un número importante de instituciones judeo-argentinas, durante el periodo dictatorial 1976-1983. A diferencia de las investigaciones focalizadas en la propia corriente, aquí se indaga a los receptores —los miembros de las instituciones judías— buscando conocer las razones que los acercaron a los rituales y propuestas del judaísmo conservador. Para ello, se estudia —principal y no exclusivamente— una serie de misivas que dichos receptores enviaron al Seminario Rabínico Latinoamericano, promotor de esa corriente religiosa. Esta documentación peculiar e inusitada posibilita inquirir en el entramado de experiencias que se repetían en las diversas instituciones, a la vez que habilita a reconocer las huellas epocales.
El tribunal electoral y los gastos de los partidos políticos en México
Authors: Díaz Domínguez Alejandro
Published: January 2016

Este artículo analiza las razones por las que el tribunal electoral confirma o revoca las multas que impone el ife a los partidos políticos mexicanos, como resultado de la revisión a sus ingresos y gastos. Se confirman parcialmente las expectativas de la literatura sobre política judicial, la cual predice que los tribunales especializados, como el electoral en México, tienen más probabilidades de revocar las decisiones de los organismos especializados que revisan por razones estratégicas. Al analizar 1671 multas impugnadas entre 1997 y 2010, se concluye que aunque los magistrados confirman tres de cada cuatro multas, cuando revocan decisiones del ife se trata de temas visibles como gastos de campaña o cuando las élites políticamente relevantes son las que impugnan.
TARIKAT SYEIKH MUHAMMAD ARSYAD AL-BANJARI: TELAAH ATAS KITAB KANZ AL-MA'RIFAH
Authors: Hadi Abdul
Published: January 2016

Perkembangan tasawuf di Nusantara menjadi salah satu icon dalam melihat persoalan sufistik. Keragaman pemikiran tasawuf sangat mewarnai pola kehidupan beragama, sedangkan praktek keagamaan yang menjadi refresentasi dari ragam pemikiran beragama menjadi sangat bervariasi dan tidak jarang dihiasi dengan wacana "kontroversial" yang sangat tajam, sehingga terkadang saling mengkafirkan satu dengan lainnya. Dalam konteks institusi keagamaan yang tergolong dalam tarikat juga mempunyai varian yang bermacam-macam, sehingga berbagai kelompok tarikat tersebar di mana-mana dan mempunyai ciri khas masing-masing sesuai dengan wacana keagamaan dan "pengalaman beragama" pengembang tarikat. Dalam beberapa kenyataan ada saja "perbedaan" antara pelaksana tarikat di suatu daerah dengan daerah lainnya meskipun dengan tarikat yang sama. Syeikh Muhammad Arsyad al-Banjari sebagai penulis yang produktif dalam berbagai bidang ilmu-ilmu keislaman, seperti tauhid, fiqh dan tasawuf. Di antara karya beliau adalah kanz al-ma'rifah yang bercorak tasawuf namun dalam beberapa pembahasannya berhubungan dengan praktik keagamaan dan sangat dekat tradisi tarikat, namun tarikat Sammaniyah yang selama ini di dekatkan dengan Arsyad al-Banjari tidak begitu tampak dalam kanz al-ma'rifah namun tarikat Syaziliyah lah yang lebih tampak.
KONFLIK KELAS DAN FENOMENA KOMUNISME DALAM HUBUNGAN STRUKTURAL MENURUT PANDANGAN KARL MARX
Authors: Syadzali Ahmad
Published: January 2016

Classconsciousnessis the important key wordin understanding Marx's thought. This phenomenonis actually theantithesisof theHegelianway ofthinkingthat is tooidealistic, which is thenreversedbyMarxin the context ofa moreempirical view. Hence theconcept ofcommunism is evolved by laterMarx's thought interpreters which become the extreme thinking against variousideologies, including religiousideology whichis in favor of thebourgeoisie.
USTADZ SELEBRITI ABDULLAH GYMNASTIAR (Perspektif Hipersemiotika Yasraf Amir Piliang)
Authors: . Maskur
Published: January 2016

The development of popular culture, particularly, in the development of information technology such as as television, mobile phones, and the Internet, have an impact on the creation of a new reality called hyper-reality. Media, in this case, is able to reconstruct a new reality through the sophisticated technology. The construction of this medium also penetrates the religious area. This can be seen in the figure of Abdullah Gymnastiar (Aa Gym). Through the medium of information, Aa Gym is not only seen as a religious teacher who offers a depth of spirituality but also as a celebrity through the image formed. This paper aims to identify and describe the phenomenon of celebrity cleric/ ustadz Abdullah Gymnastiar in popular culture, using hyper-semiotics approach of Yasraf Amir Piliang. This paper attempts to explain the new reality of diversity of Abdullah Gymnastiar. Through the hyper-semiotics approach, religious hyper-reality form can be described scientifically.
ALIRAN MU�TAZILAH DALAM LINTASAN SEJARAH PEMIKIRAN ISLAM
Authors: Hatta Mawardy
Published: January 2016

One school of Kalam/Islamic theology that once flourished in antiquity was Mu'tazila flow. Flow pattern known as rational and liberal thought that was growing and evolving so rapidly and peaked in the Abbasid era in particular Khalifah Al- Ma'mun because of the support and protection of the khalifah. But then, the glory and the gold period did not last long, it eventually flew into decline. It was caused by a variety of factors, most importantly; they had done violence coercion and even torture of a number of scholars in the event of al - mihnah when imposing the concept of "Al-Quran beings". The violence was bad for the flow Mu'tazila antagonizing people. They were followed also by the beginning of a new stream of traditional and more moderate, Ash'arite. This stream got a lot of sympathy among the people. The Mu'tazila flow was progressively weaker and eventually disappear from the Islamic world.
Assessment of Leaf Color Chart Observations for Estimating Maize Chlorophyll Content by Analysis of Digital Photographs
Authors: Friedman Jennifer M. , Hunt E. Raymond , Mutters Randall G.
Published: January 2016

Developed as a nondestructive aid for estimating the N content in rice (Oryza sativa L.) crops, leaf color charts (LCCs) are a numbered series of plastic panels that range from yellow‐green to dark green. By visual comparison, the panel value closest in color to a leaf indicates whether N is deficient, sufficient, or in excess. Because the selected values depend on subjective decisions by an observer, our goal was to determine whether spectral reflectances or digital color photographs could provide an objective, reproducible, and potentially automated method for determining LCC values. Maize (Zea mays L.) leaves were collected on two dates from an ongoing N fertilization experiment. Observed LCC panel values of selected leaves were highly correlated to chlorophyll content and chlorophyll meter values. Spectral reflectances and digital photographs were analyzed to predict the LCC panel value that was observed for each leaf. Supervised classifications of digital photographs using minimum distance provided reasonable predictions of the LCC value, but the spectral angle mapper did not. The dark green color index and the triangular greenness index predicted LCC panel values well. Uncorrected digital photographs (raw) produced better agreement with observed LCC panel values when using spectral indices, whereas color‐corrected photographs (JPEG) produced better agreement using the supervised classification methods. We concluded that subjective visual observations using a LCC were not worse than the objective methods for estimating leaf chlorophyll content. Visual observations using LCCs may be an easy‐to‐use and low‐cost method for managing N at smaller scales.
Synthesis of biodiesel from sunflower oil over potassium loaded alumina as heterogeneous catalyst: The effect of process parameters
Authors: Marinkovic Milos , Stojkovic Nikola , Vasic Marija , Ljupkovic Radomir , Rancic Sofija , Spalovic Boban , Zarubica Aleksandra
Published: January 2016

Heterogeneous catalysis is in recent focus of research for biodiesel
production from vegetable oils because of advantages such as easy separation
and reuse of catalysts, although homogeneous catalysis is most commonly used
method. The aim of this study was preparation of ?-Al2O3 support by modified
sol-gel procedure, synthesis of the KI/Al2O3 catalyst and testing its
activity in the transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol.
Influences of different process parameters on conversion of sunflower oil to
methyl esters were examined. The gained results implicate that the potassium
iodide incorporation into/onto the structure of ?-Al2O3 significantly
influences textural and structural properties of the catalyst. Additionally,
the catalyst basic strength is increased and all together those properties
are positively affecting the activity of the catalyst in the reaction of
transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. The impregnation of
alumina with potassium iodide resulted in the additional formation of basic
catalytically active sites. The surface properties of the catalyst have an
essential impact on its catalytic performance. Under relatively mild process
conditions and relatively short reaction time, the usage of the KI/Al2O3
catalyst resulted in very high conversion to fatty acids methyl esters (i.e.
99.99 %).
Some nitrogen-rich heterocycles derivatives as potential explosives and propellants: A theoretical study
Authors: Frem Dany
Published: January 2016

Four types of nitrogen-rich heterocycles substituted with -NO2, -NHNO2 and
-C(NO2)3 explosophoric groups were explored as potential explosives and
propellants materials. The calculated crystal density (?0)and the condensed
phase heat of formation (?H?0f)for each of the twelve structures investigated shows
that all these derivatives possess high (1.834-1.980 g cm-3)(?H?0f) and (605-2130
kJ kg-1) values. Interesting properties such as detonation velocity (D),
pressure (P) and specific impulse (Isp) were calculated using the Kamlet-Jacobs
method and ISPBKW thermochemical code. Detonation velocity and pressure in
excess of 8.44 km s-1 and 32.87 GPa was obtained in all cases. Furthermore,
trinitromethyl substituted derivatives shows performance exceeding that of
HMX with an estimated D = 9.32-9.72 km s-1 and P = 40.61-43.82 GPa. Some
-NO2 and -NHNO2 substituted derivatives were shown to be impact insensitive
while retaining good detonation performance and thus are regarded as
potential replacement for current RDX -based explosives. Finally, the
calculated specific impulse (Isp between 248 and 270 s) of all investigated
derivatives indicate that these energetic materials can be considered as
possible ingredient in future rocket propellant compositions.
The effects of doping on the structural, optical and electric properties of Zn4Sb3 material
Authors: Vaida Mirela , Duteanu Narcis , Grozescu Ioan
Published: January 2016

This paper presents results of the investigations regarding the obtaining and
the characterization of the thermoelectric material Zn4Sb3 and (Zn1-xMx)4Sb3
where M = Ag and / or Sn. Obtaining of the materials was realized by melting
high purity precursors into an oven where were kept isothermally for 12 hours
at 1173 K. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used for
structural and morphologic characterization. Optical band gap for each sample
was determined from absorbance spectra recorded in the visible range 240-400
nm at room temperature. Electrical resistivity as function of temperature was
measured and the electrical band gap was estimated for each of the obtained
samples. The semiconducting behavior of the materials was reflected by these.
Kardashev’s classification at 50+: A fine vehicle with room for improvement
Authors: Cirkovic M.M.
Published: January 2016

We review the history and status of the famous classification of
extraterrestrial civilizations given by the great Russian astrophysicist
Nikolai Semenovich Kardashev, roughly half a century after it has been
proposed. While Kardashev?s classification (or Kardashev?s scale) has often
been seen as oversimplified, and multiple improvements, refinements, and
alternatives to it have been suggested, it is still one of the major tools
for serious theoretical investigation of SETI issues. During these 50+ years,
several attempts at modifying or reforming the classification have been made;
we review some of them here, together with presenting some of the scenarios
which present difficulties to the standard version. Recent results in both
theoretical and observational SETI studies, especially the ?G infrared survey
(2014-2015), have persuasively shown that the emphasis on detectability
inherent in Kardashev?s classification obtains new significance and
freshness. Several new movements and conceptual frameworks, such as the
Dysonian SETI, tally extremely well with these developments. So, the apparent
simplicity of the classification is highly deceptive: Kardashev?s work offers
a wealth of still insufficiently studied methodological and epistemological
ramifications and it remains, in both letter and spirit, perhaps the
worthiest legacy of the SETI ?founding fathers?.
Earth orientation and its excitations by atmosphere, oceans, and geomagnetic jerks
Authors: Vondrák J. , Ron C.
Published: January 2016

In addition to torques exerted by the Moon, Sun, and planets, changes of the
Earth orientation parameters (EOP) are known to be caused also by excitations
by the atmosphere and oceans. Recently appeared studies, hinting that
geomagnetic jerks (GMJ, rapid changes of geomagnetic field) might be
associated with sudden changes of phase and amplitude of EOP (Holme and de
Viron 2005, 2013, Gibert and Le Mou?l 2008, Malkin 2013). We (Ron et al.
2015) used additional excitations applied at the epochs of GMJ to derive its
influence on motion of the spin axis of the Earth in space
(precession-nutation). We demonstrated that this effect, if combined with the
influence of the atmosphere and oceans, improves substantially the agreement
with celestial pole offsets observed by Very Long-Baseline Interferometry.
Here we concentrate our efforts to study possible influence of GMJ on
temporal changes of all five Earth orientation parameters defining the
complete Earth orientation in space. Numerical integration of Brzezi?ski's
broad-band Liouville equations (Brzezi?ski 1994) with atmospheric and oceanic
excitations, combined with expected GMJ effects, is used to derive EOP and
compare them with their observed values. We demonstrate that the agreement
between all five Earth orientation parameters integrated by this method and
those observed by space geodesy is improved substantially if the influence of
additional excitations at GMJ epochs is added to excitations by the
atmosphere and oceans.
Competing risks analysis of under-five child mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Tabassum Tasnuva , Bari Wasimul
Published: January 2016

This study implements an analysis of under five mortality to the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011 data from a competing risks perspective. Kaplan - Meier overall survival curves along with log-rank test p-values are employed to determine the prospective covariates for the Cox proportional hazard (PH) model. Later the typical Cox PH model is used to model the causespecific hazard for the two competing causes, namely disease and non-disease on the selected covariates. It is revealed that mothers primary and secondary education, birth order of the index child in case of disease model; mothers higher education, wealth index of the index child in case of non-disease model and mothers aged greater than 30 years at the time of giving birth, home as a place of child delivery in both model played significant role in decreasing under five child mortality.Bangladesh J. Sci. Res. 27(1): 27-38, June-2014