bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Melalui Pertanggungjawaban Perdata
Authors: Wibowo Adrianus Eryan Wisnu
Published: April 2020

Banyak konsep dalam hukum lingkungan yang seringkali tidak dipahami secara menyeluruh karena kurangnya literatur nasional yang membahasnya. Sebagai karya tulis yang membahas hukum lingkungan secara komprehensif, terutama dalam aspek pertanggungjawaban perdata, kehadiran buku ini menjadi angin segar. Penulis buku ini adalah Andri G. Wibisana, seorang pengajar hukum lingkungan di Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia. Awalnya penulis hanya merencanakan naskah ini sebagai salah satu bab dalam buku ajar hukum lingkungan. Namun karena dinamika yang menyertainya, akhirnya naskah awal dikembangkan dan diputuskan untuk diterbitkan menjadi satu buku tersendiri.Setidaknya terdapat beberapa hal menarik yang dapat kita temukan saat membaca buku ini, yaitu: (1) pembahasan mendalam mengenai konsep dan praktik strict liability, (2) pembuktian dalam hal terdapat ketidakpastian kausalitas, (3) pembelaan dalam kasus perdata, (4) pemulihan dan valuasi ekonomi kerugian lingkungan hidup, serta (5) sumber-sumber yang digunakan sebagai rujukan
An Extreme-precision Radial-velocity Pipeline: First Radial Velocities from EXPRES
Authors: Petersburg Ryan R. , Joel Ong 王加 J. M. 冕 , Zhao Lily L. , Blackman Ryan T. , Brewer John M. , Buchhave Lars A. , Cabot Samuel H. C. , Davis Allen B. , Jurgenson Colby A. , Leet Christopher , McCracken Tyler M. , Sawyer David , Sharov Mikhail , Tronsgaard René , Szymkowiak Andrew E. , Fischer Debra A.
Published: April 2020

The EXtreme-PREcision Spectrograph (EXPRES) is an environmentally stabilized, fiber-fed, R = 137,500, optical spectrograph. It was recently commissioned at the 4.3 m Lowell Discovery Telescope near Flagstaff, Arizona. The spectrograph was designed with a target radial-velocity (RV) precision of 30 cm s−1. In addition to instrumental innovations, the EXPRES pipeline, presented here, is the first on-sky, optical, fiber-fed spectrograph to employ many novel techniques—including an “extended flat” fiber used for wavelength-dependent quantum efficiency characterization of the CCD, a flat-relative optimal extraction algorithm, chromatic barycentric corrections, chromatic calibration offsets, and an ultra-precise laser frequency comb for wavelength calibration. We describe the reduction, calibration, and RV analysis pipeline used for EXPRES and present an example of our current sub-meter-per-second RV measurement precision, which reaches a formal, single-measurement error of 0.3 m s−1 for an observation with a per-pixel signal-to-noise ratio of 250. These velocities yield an orbital solution on the known exoplanet host 51 Peg that matches literature values with a residual rms of 0.895 m s−1.
Intermediate-mass Early-type Disk Galaxies in the Virgo Cluster. II. Near-Infrared Spectra and Evidence for Differences in Evolution* † ‡

†

‡
Authors: Davidge T. J.
Published: April 2020

We discuss near-infrared (NIR) slit spectra of six early-type disk galaxies in the Virgo Cluster that were examined previously at visible/red wavelengths. Despite having similar intrinsic luminosities, colors, and morphologies, the NIR spectrophotometric properties of these galaxies indicate that they are not a homogeneous ensemble differing only in terms of luminosity-weighted age and metallicity. While the depth of the CO(2,0) band is consistent with the centers of these galaxies having solar or slightly sub-solar luminosity-weighted metallicities, galaxy-to-galaxy variations in the depth of the Na i 2.21 μm doublet are found, with Na i2.21 μm lines in three galaxies (NGC 4491, NGC 4584, and NGC 4620) that are deeper than those predicted for a solar chemical mixture and a solar-neighborhood mass function. In contrast, the Ca i2.26 μm triplet shows good galaxy-to-galaxy agreement but tends to be deeper than the model prediction. Considering the depth of the NaD lines, the deep Na i2.21 μm lines are tentatively attributed to a bottom-heavy mass function. This is counter to observed trends between mass function slope and velocity dispersion, and so the possibility of a super-solar [Na/Fe] is also discussed. Two of the three galaxies with deep Na i 2.21 μm (NGC 4584 and NGC 4620) have Sérsic exponents that are consistent with a classical bulge. As for NGC 4491, its central NIR spectrum contains prominent emission lines. The relative strengths of Brγ and H2S(1), the presence of [Fe ii] emission, and the mid-infrared spectral-energy distribution are all consistent with intense recent star formation near the center of that galaxy. The NIR spectrum of NGC 4584 is devoid of line emission in the NIR, suggesting that star formation does not power the emission detected at visible wavelengths from that galaxy. Wavelengths that contain the Ballick–Ramsey C2 band at 1.76 μm are matched by moderately metal-poor E-MILES model spectra with an age of 2 Gyr. The radial age trends in these galaxies are in the opposite sense to those in late-type disk galaxies, and it is concluded that they have evolved in a cluster environment for at least several Gyr.
Variability and the Size–Luminosity Relation of the Intermediate-mass AGN in NGC 4395
Authors: Cho Hojin , Woo Jong-Hak , Hodges-Kluck Edmund , Son Donghoon , Shin Jaejin , Gallo Elena , Bae Hyun-Jin , Brink Thomas G. , Cho Wanjin , Filippenko Alexei V. , Horst John C. , Ilić Dragana , Joner Michael. D. , Kang Daeun , Kang Wonseok , Kaspi Shai , Kim Taewoo , Kovačević Andjelka B. , Kumar Sahana , N. Le Huynh Anh , Nadzhip A. E. , Pozo Nuñez Francisco , Metlov V. G. , Oknyansky V. L. , Park Songyoun , Popović Luka Č. , Rakshit Suvendu , Schramm Malte , Shatsky N. I. , Spencer Michelle , Sung Eon-Chang , Sung Hyun-il , Tatarnikov A. M. , Vince Oliver
Published: April 2020

We present a variability study of the lowest-luminosity Seyfert 1 nucleus of the galaxy NGC 4395 based on photometric monitoring campaigns in 2017 and 2018. Using 22 ground-based and space telescopes, we monitored NGC 4395 with a ∼5-minute cadence during a period of 10 days and obtained light curves in the ultraviolet (UV), V, J, H, and K/Ks
bands, as well as narrowband Hα. The rms variability is ∼0.13 mag in the Swift UVM2 and V filter light curves, decreasing down to ∼0.01 mag in the K filter. After correcting for the continuum contribution to the Hα narrow band, we measured the time lag of the Hα emission line with respect to the V-band continuum as

–

minutes in 2017 and

–

minutes in 2018, depending on assumptions about the continuum variability amplitude in the Hα narrow band. We obtained no reliable measurements for the continuum-to-continuum lag between UV and V bands and among near-IR bands, owing to the large flux uncertainty of UV observations and the limited time baseline. We determined the active galactic nucleus (AGN) monochromatic luminosity at 5100 Å,

, after subtracting the contribution of the nuclear star cluster. While the optical luminosity of NGC 4395 is two orders of magnitude lower than that of other reverberation-mapped AGNs, NGC 4395 follows the size–luminosity relation, albeit with an offset of 0.48 dex (≥2.5σ) from the previous best-fit relation of Bentz et al.
On Frequency-dependent Dispersion Measures and Extreme Scattering Events
Authors: Lam M. T. , Lazio T. J. W. , Dolch T. , Jones M. L. , McLaughlin M. A. , Stinebring D. R. , Surnis M.
Published: April 2020

Radio emission propagating over an Earth-pulsar line of sight provides a unique probe of the intervening ionized interstellar medium (ISM). Variations in the integrated electron column density along this line of sight, or dispersion measure (DM), have been observed since shortly after the discovery of pulsars. As early as 2006, frequency-dependent DMs have been observed and attributed to several possible causes. Ray-path averaging over different effective light-cone volumes through the turbulent ISM contributes to this effect, as will DM misestimation due to radio propagation across compact lensing structures such as those caused by “extreme scattering events (ESEs).” We present methods to assess the variations in frequency-dependent DMs due to the turbulent ISM versus these compact lensing structures along the line of sight. We analyze recent Low-Frequency Array observations of PSR J2219+4754 to test the underlying physical mechanism of the observed frequency-dependent DM. Previous analyses have indicated the presence of strong lensing due to compact overdensities halfway between the Earth and pulsar. Instead, we find the frequency dependence of the DM time series for PSR J2219+4754 is consistent with being due solely to ISM turbulence and there is no evidence for any ESE or small-scale lensing structure. The data show possible deviations from a uniform turbulent medium, suggesting that there may be an enhanced scattering screen near one of the two ends of the line of sight. We present this analysis as an example of the power of low-frequency observations to distinguish the underlying mechanisms in frequency-dependent propagation effects.
Coronal Electron Temperature Inferred from the Strahl Electrons in the Inner Heliosphere: Parker Solar Probe and Helios Observations
Authors: Berčič Laura , Larson Davin , Whittlesey Phyllis , Maksimović Milan , Badman Samuel T. , Landi Simone , Matteini Lorenzo , Bale Stuart. D. , Bonnell John W. , Case Anthony W. , Dudok de Wit Thierry , Goetz Keith , Harvey Peter R. , Kasper Justin C. , Korreck Kelly E. , Livi Roberto , MacDowall Robert J. , Malaspina David M. , Pulupa Marc , Stevens Michael L.
Published: April 2020

The shape of the electron velocity distribution function plays an important role in the dynamics of the solar wind acceleration. Electrons are normally modeled with three components, the core, the halo, and the strahl. We investigate how well the fast strahl electrons in the inner heliosphere preserve the information about the coronal electron temperature at their origin. We analyzed the data obtained by two missions, Helios, spanning the distances between 65 and 215 R
S, and Parker Solar Probe (PSP), reaching down to 35 R
S during its first two orbits around the Sun. The electron strahl was characterized with two parameters: pitch-angle width (PAW) and the strahl parallel temperature (T
s∥). PSP observations confirm the already reported dependence of strahl PAW on core parallel plasma beta (

). Most of the strahl measured by PSP appear narrow with PAW reaching down to 30°. The portion of the strahl velocity distribution function aligned with the magnetic field is for the measured energy range well described by a Maxwellian distribution function. T
s∥ was found to be anticorrelated with the solar wind velocity and independent of radial distance. These observations imply that T
s∥ carries the information about the coronal electron temperature. The obtained values are in agreement with coronal temperatures measured using spectroscopy, and the inferred solar wind source regions during the first orbit of PSP agree with the predictions using a PFSS model.
The Variability of the Star Formation Rate in Galaxies. I. Star Formation Histories Traced by EW(Hα) and EW(HδA)
Authors: Wang Enci , Lilly Simon J.
Published: April 2020

To investigate the variability of the star formation rate (SFR) of galaxies, we define a star formation change parameter, SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr, which is the ratio of the SFR averaged within the last 5 Myr to the SFR averaged within the last 800 Myr. We show that this parameter can be determined from a combination of Hα emission and Hδ absorption, plus the 4000 Å break, with an uncertainty of ∼0.07 dex for star-forming galaxies. We then apply this estimator to MaNGA galaxies, both globally within R

e
and within radial annuli. We find that the global SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr, which indicates by how much a galaxy has changed its specific SFR (sSFR), is nearly independent of its sSFR, i.e., of its position relative to the star formation main sequence (SFMS) as defined by SFR800 Myr. Also, at any sSFR, there are as many galaxies increasing their sSFR as decreasing it, as required if the dispersion in the SFMS is to stay the same. The SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr of the overall galaxy population is very close to that expected for the evolving main sequence. Both of these provide a reassuring check on the validity of our calibration of the estimator. We find that galaxies with higher global SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr appear to have higher SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr at all galactic radii, i.e., that galaxies with a recent temporal enhancement in overall SFR have enhanced star formation at all galactic radii. The dispersion of the SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr at a given relative galactic radius and a given stellar mass decreases with the (indirectly inferred) gas depletion time: locations with short gas depletion time appear to undergo bigger variations in their star formation rates on Gyr or less timescales. In Wang et al., we showed that the dispersion in star formation rate surface densities ΣSFR in the galaxy population appears to be inversely correlated with the inferred gas depletion timescale and interpreted this in terms of the dynamical response of a gas-regulator system to changes in the gas inflow rate. In this paper, we can now prove directly with SFR5 Myr/SFR800 Myr that these effects are indeed due to genuine temporal variations in the SFR of individual galaxies on timescales between 107 and 109 yr rather than possibly reflecting intrinsic, non-temporal, differences between different galaxies.
Electron Firehose Instabilities in High-β Intracluster Shocks
Authors: Kim Sunjung , Ha Ji-Hoon , Ryu Dongsu , Kang Hyesung
Published: April 2020

The preacceleration of electrons through reflection and shock drift acceleration (SDA) is essential for the diffusive shock acceleration of nonthermal electrons in collisionless shocks. Previous studies suggested that, in weak quasi-perpendicular (Q
⊥) shocks in the high-β (

) intracluster medium (ICM), the temperature anisotropy due to SDA-reflected electrons can drive the electron firehose instability, which excites oblique nonpropagating waves in the shock foot. In this paper, we investigate, through a linear analysis and particle-in-cell simulations, the firehose instabilities driven by an electron temperature anisotropy (ETAFI) and also by a drifting electron beam (EBFI) in β ∼ 100 ICM plasmas. The EBFI should be more relevant to describing the self-excitation of upstream waves in Q
⊥-shocks, since backstreaming electrons in the shock foot behave more like an electron beam rather than an anisotropic bi-Maxwellian population. We find that the basic properties of the two instabilities, such as the growth rate, γ, and the wavenumber of fast-growing oblique modes, are similar in the ICM environment, with one exception; while the waves excited by the ETAFI are nonpropagating (ω

r
= 0), those excited by the EBFI have a nonzero frequency (

). However, the frequency is small with ω

r
 < γ. Thus, we conclude that the interpretation of previous studies for the nature of upstream waves based on the ETAFI remains valid in Q
⊥-shocks in the ICM.
Compact Bright Radio-loud AGNs. III. A Large VLBA Survey at 43 GHz
Authors: Cheng X.-P. , An T. , Frey S. , Hong X.-Y. , He X. , Kellermann K. I. , Lister M. L. , Lao B.-Q. , Li X.-F. , Mohan P. , Yang J. , Wu X.-C. , Zhang Z.-L. , Zhang Y.-K. , Zhao W.
Published: April 2020

We present the results from the 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations of 124 compact radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that were conducted between 2014 November and 2016 May. The typical dimensions of the restoring beam in each image are about 0.5 mas × 0.2 mas. The highest resolution of 0.2 mas corresponds to a physical size of 0.02 pc for the lowest redshift source in the sample. The 43 GHz very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images of 97 AGNs are presented for the first time. We study the source compactness on milliarcsecond and submilliarcsecond scales, and suggest that 95 sources in our sample are suitable for future space VLBI observations. By analyzing our data supplemented with other VLBA AGN surveys from the literature, we find that the core brightness temperature increases with increasing frequency below a break frequency ∼7 GHz, and decreases between ∼7 and 240 GHz but increases again above 240 GHz in the rest frame of the sources. This indicates that the synchrotron opacity changes from optically thick to thin. We also find a strong statistical correlation between radio and γ-ray flux densities. Our correlation is tighter than those in the literature derived from lower-frequency VLBI data, suggesting that the γ-ray emission is produced more cospatially with the 43 GHz VLBA core emission. This correlation can also be extrapolated to the unbeamed AGN population, implying that a universal γ-ray production mechanism might be at work for all types of AGNs.
2SXPS: An Improved and Expanded Swift X-Ray Telescope Point-source Catalog
Authors: Evans P. A. , Page K. L. , Osborne J. P. , Beardmore A. P. , Willingale R. , Burrows D. N. , Kennea J. A. , Perri M. , Capalbi M. , Tagliaferri G. , Cenko S. B.
Published: April 2020

We present the 2SXPS (Swift-XRT Point Source) catalog, containing 206,335 point sources detected by the Swift X-ray Telescope (XRT) in the 0.3–10 keV energy range. This catalog represents a significant improvement over 1SXPS, with double the sky coverage (now 3790 deg2), and several significant developments in source detection and classification. In particular, we present for the first time techniques to model the effect of stray light—significantly reducing the number of spurious sources detected. These techniques will be very important for future, large effective area X-ray missions, such as the forthcoming Athena X-ray observatory. We also present a new model of the XRT point-spread function and a method for correctly localizing and characterizing piled-up sources. We provide light curves—in four energy bands, two hardness ratios, and two binning timescales—for every source, and from these deduce that over 80,000 of the sources in 2SXPS are variable in at least one band or hardness ratio. The catalog data can be queried or downloaded via a web interface at https://www.swift.ac.uk/2SXPS, via HEASARC, or in Vizier (IX/58).
Characterization of katG, inhA, rpoB and pncA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from MDR-TB risk patients in Thailand
Authors: Suthum Krairerk , Samosornsuk Worada , Samosornsuk Seksun
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is commonly found in Thailand especially in the public health region 5, the Western region of Thailand. This study’s aim was to characterize katG, inhA, rpoB and pncA genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Methodology: One hundred strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) were isolated from sputum samples of MDR-TB risk patients in the laboratory of the Office of Disease Prevention and Control 5th Ratchaburi province, Thailand from January to December 2015. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) was performed using a BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Furthermore, the genes katG, inhA, rpoB and pncA were characterized by DNA sequencing.

Results: Of a total of 100 MTB samples which underwent drug susceptibility testing, 42% showed isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) resistance, and a further 25% showed INH mono-resistance (25%). The most common gene mutations found using DNA sequencing were katG_Ser315Thr (70%), rpoB_Ser531leu (81%) and pncA_Ile31Thr (84%). The common mutation of pncA_Ile31Thr substitution was detected in 26 of 91 (29%) pyrazinamide (PZA) susceptible isolates.

Conclusion: Using DNA sequencing to screen for gene mutations conferring drug resistance may be feasible and use less time than using DST to detect resistance patterns.
Spatial-temporal distribution of COVID-19 in China and its prediction: A data-driven modeling analysis
Authors: Huang Rui , Liu Miao , Ding Yongmei
Published: April 2020

Currently, the outbreak of COVID-19 is rapidly spreading especially in Wuhan city, and threatens 14 million people in central China. In the present study we applied the Moran index, a strong statistical tool, to the spatial panel to show that COVID-19 infection is spatially dependent and mainly spread from Hubei Province in Central China to neighbouring areas. Logistic model was employed according to the trend of available data, which shows the difference between Hubei Province and outside of it. We also calculated the reproduction number R0 for the range of [2.23, 2.51] via SEIR model. The measures to reduce or prevent the virus spread should be implemented, and we expect our data-driven modeling analysis providing some insights to identify and prepare for the future virus control.
The novel zoonotic COVID-19 pandemic: An expected global health concern
Authors: Contini Carlo , Di Nuzzo Mariachiara , Barp Nicole , Bonazza Aurora , De Giorgio Roberto , Tognon Mauro , Rubino Salvatore
Published: April 2020

18 years ago, in 2002, the world was astonished by the appearance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), supported by a zoonotic coronavirus, called SARS-CoV, from the Guangdong Province of southern China. After about 10 years, in 2012, another similar coronavirus triggered the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia. Both caused severe pneumonia killing 774 and 858 people with 8700 cases of confirmed infection for the former, and 2494 for the latter, causing significant economic losses. 8 years later, despite the MERS outbreak remaining in certain parts of the world, at the end of 2019, a new zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and responsible of coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), arose from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. It spread rapidly and to date has killed 3,242 persons with more than 81,000 cases of infection in China and causing over 126,000 global cases and 5,414 deaths in 166 other countries around the world, especially Italy. SARS-CoV-2 would seem to have come from a bat, but the intermediate reservoir continues to be unknown. Nonetheless, as for SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, the Spillover effect linked to animal-human promiscuity, human activities including deforestation, illegal bush-trafficking and bushmeat, cannot be excluded. Recently, however, evidence of inter-human only transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been accumulated and thus, the outbreak seems to be spreading by human-to-human transmission throughout a large part of the world.

Herein we will provide with an update on the main features of COVID-19 and suggest possible solutions how to halt the expansion of this novel pandemic.
Adolescent Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Authors: Kim So Hyun , Baek Seung-Ho , Kim Hye Yeong , Choi Su Jin , Kim Ji Hoon , Lee Se Hee , Kim Myung-Hwan
Published: April 2020

There are two forms of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP). Type 1 is associated with immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related systemic fibro- inflammatory disease, whereas type 2 AIP is localized to the pancreas and not associated with IgG4. The number of children presenting with type 2 AIP has recently increased. Here, we report a case of type 2 AIP in a 16-year-old adolescent who presented with clinical acute pancreatitis and associated pancreatic masses. He was diagnosed with type 2 AIP based on pancreatic biopsy results showing granulocytic epithelial lesions and supportive radiological imaging and steroid responsiveness.
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Successfully Treated with Eculizumab
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Han Won Kyung , Choi Yu Bum , Kim Hyung Jong , Oh Jisu , Oh Doyeun , Chong So Young
Published: April 2020

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare syndrome characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, which results from uncontrolled complement activation. Delayed diagnosis and treatment of aHUS may result in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and an associated dependence on dialysis. In extreme cases, it may cause death due to multi-organ failure. Eculizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against C5, inhibits the formation of the terminal membrane attack complex and is used to treat aHUS. Here, we report a 46-year-old male patient who suffered from aHUS relapse, despite prior treatment with repeated plasma exchange and hemodialysis. Eculizumab therapy improved his hematologic findings without use of hemodialysis.
Vida y costumbres de los judeoconversos, según los procesos inquisitoriales
Authors: Chamorro Martínez José Mª
Published: April 2020

Los documentos de los procesos inquisitoriales nos muestran algunos aspectos del sistema de vida de los judeoconversos: tipos de comida, costumbres, ritos religiosos y profanos, actitud ante la muerte, etc. Junto a todo ello, analizamos algunos problemas lingüísticos del léxico.
Metodología y cuestiones previas para el estudio de los Nacimientos españoles
Authors: Arbeteta Mira Letizia
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo trata la costumbre tradicional española (común a todo el ámbito católico) de representar plásticamente el Nacimiento de Cristo, mediante los llamados «Nacimientos». Normas del autodenominado «buen gusto» han sustituido casi por completo su presentación tradicional, simbólica, por una aproximación realista. Se recuerda la necesidad de estudiar el fenómeno desde una óptica multidisciplinar, con validez científica, en la que se contemple el conjunto sin separar, como suele hacerse, ninguno de sus elementos, especialmente los materiales que poseen valor artístico. El trabajo consta de tres partes: 1) un análisis de la situación actual. con los problemas principales para el tratamiento de una tradición a punto de perderse por sustitución; 2) el esquema del método que se propone; y 3) una primera delimitación de los personajes y entorno, además de algunas características de los «nacimientos» españoles.
Coleccionismo y devociones domésticas en la Sierra de Francia y Candelaria (Salamanca, siglos XVII-XIX)
Authors: Cea Gutiérrez Antonio
Published: April 2020

Al estudiar el coleccionismo y las devociones privadas en la Sierra de Francia y Candelario (Salamanca, siglos XVII-XIX) se analizan aquellos factores antropológicos, sociales, económicos, patrimoniales, estéticos, etc., que actúan como elementos integradores entre estos dos ejes principales: el arte y la religiosidad.
Sobre La oración del Justo Juez, un texto desconocido
Authors: Fradejas Lebrero José
Published: April 2020

No disponible
Bi-Polar Synaptic Behavior of Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++- Si Memristor
Authors: Yuan Yu Han , Ilyas Nasir , Qi Zhi Hui , Li Dong Yang , Jiang Xiang Dong , Li Wei
Published: April 2020

Recently, by inserting a TiOx thin layer, we have fabricated a memristive device as Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++-Si which features a better bi-polar gradually resistive switching under positive and negative electrical bias. Different synaptic functions including potentiation, depression, short-term potentiation and the transition from short-term memory (STM) to long-term memory (LTM) using suitably programmed voltage pulse have been implemented successfully in the memristive device. It is indicated that the Pt/SiOx:Ag/TiOx/p++-Si memristor can be used as a promising emulator for biological synapse, which could have great potential for brain-inspired neuromorphic computing.
New Approach for Fabricating of Deep Submicron Free-Standing Polyimide Thin Film
Authors: Liu Ren Chen , Lu Jing
Published: April 2020

A new approach for manufacturing ultrathin free-standing polyimide film was proposed. This approach involves casting polyamic acid solution to a Al-doped zinc oxide film coated substrate sputtered at room temperature and to form polyamic acid film. The polyamic acid film was released from substrate in 0.5% diluted hydrochloric acid. Then polyamic acid was reattached to glass substrate and was transformed into polyimide film by thermal imidization with gradient heat treatment process. After that, thickness of the1000 nm polyimide film was reduced by KrF excimer laser ablation with 100 pulses at 45 mJ/cm2 and 30 pulses at 75 mJ/cm2, and 200 nm free-standing polyimide film was obtained. By this method, free-standing polyimide films of 1000 nm and 200 nm thickness were fabricated without and with excimer laser ablation reduction, respectively.
The Effects of Three Fertilization Treatments on Soil Fertility and Yield and Quality of Fresh Leaves in Tea Gardens
Authors: Zhang Xun , Luo Jin Long , Zhang Chao , Chen Sheng Xiang
Published: April 2020

To explore the soil fertility and tea quality and yield during the process of replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer, we established three experiment groups: experimental group I (formulated fertilization and biogas slurry), experimental group II (habitual fertilization) and experimental group III (formulated fertilization). Comparing with soil fertility, quality and heavy metal contents in fresh leaves among three groups in five tea gardens of Mingshan District, explores the effects of three different fertilization treatments on. The results showed that the experimental group I and experimental group III could improve soil fertility (including increasing the organic matter, total nitrogen and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content) compared with the experimental group II. On the Fresh leaf yield, experimental group I> experimental group III > experimental group II(P<0.05), in which experimental group I was 27.26% higher than experimental group III. On yield, different treatments had less effect on the main quality components of fresh leaves (P>0.05).Compared with the experimental group II and the experimental group III, the heavy metal content of the experimental group I was higher, but no more than the food safety standard limit. In summary, experimental group I and experimental group III can effectively improve soil fertility and fresh leaf yield compared with conventional fertilization, particular experimental group I.
Strength Properties of Concrete Made from Recycled Brick Concrete and EAF Slag Blended as Coarse Aggregate
Authors: Rahman Md. Shafiqur , Ahmad Syed Ishtiaq
Published: April 2020

Concrete of three different target strength, i.e. 17.23, 20.68 and 24.13 MPa was prepared using recycled brick concrete (RBC) and electric arc furnace slag (EAFS) blended as coarse aggregate. EAFS ratio was kept at 0%, 25% and 75% with respect to RBC. Concrete cylinder (200mmX100mm) specimens were prepared following standard procedure. Compressive and tensile strength on those concrete samples were conducted as per ASTM standard procedures. It was found that target compressive strength could not be achieved using 100% RBC as coarse aggregate. Through mixing EAFS with RBC both compressive and tensile strength of concrete was found to increase. 50% EAFS ratio was found to give maximum compressive and tensile strength for this type of blended aggregate concrete.
Effect of Polishing Brick Powder on Mortar Sorptivity and its Mechanism
Authors: Li Zi Hong , Chen Jia Jian , Xia Yong , Ma An Min
Published: April 2020

In this study, the effect of polishing brick powder replacement cement slurry method on water absorption of motar is discussed. A series of mortar samples are prepared for testing water penetration amount at unit surface area with square of time and permeable porosity. The results show that the replacement of cement slurry with polished brick powder will increase the permeable pore of mortar and increase the sorptivity per unit area, thus effectively reducing the sorptivity of mortar at the same water cement ratio or strength.
First-Principles Study of 3D Transition Metal Doped Single-Layer Graphene
Authors: Wang Bao Zhu , Tang Sheng , Wei Tong , Ren Jie , Wang Min
Published: April 2020

The electronic structure and magnetic properties of C atoms in Co, Ni-substituted graphene single-layers were studied by first-principles calculation method based on density functional theory. The study found that the pure graphene single-layer is an insulator, does not have magnetism, and we found that the doping of Co and Ni atoms alone does not make the system magnetic. Both Co and Ni atoms are capable of generating impurity levels in the graphene single-layer system. The impurity level of Co atom doping is 0.75 eV below the Fermi level, and the impurity level of Ni atom doping is 0.4 eV above the Fermi level. Studies on the coupling doping of Co and Ni atoms show that two different distance Co atoms or Ni atoms in the graphene single-layer are not always ferromagnetically coupled, and a stable magnetic ground state cannot be obtained. It can produce different magnetic ground states by controlling different doping distances, thus we provide one new way to control the spin properties.
Communication in Pediatric Critical Care Units: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Hallman Melissa L. , Bellury Lanell M.
Published: April 2020

Topic

Current communication styles in pediatric critical care units do not often consider the needs of providers, patients, or family members.

Clinical Relevance

The Child Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems score has begun real-world testing and soon will be mandatory and tied to reimbursement. Poor communication in pediatric critical care units can lead to reduced continuity of care, escalated or unnecessary care, and poor outcomes for patients and hospitals. Improving communication in pediatric critical care units is imperative.

Purpose of Paper

Extant literature was reviewed to assess communication in pediatric critical care from the provider, parent, and patient perspectives. Communication tools were also reviewed.

Content Covered

Twenty-eight articles met inclusion criteria and were analyzed according to study focus (provider, parent/caregiver, patient, or tool). This review links communication to outcomes related to providers, parents, and patients. Current tools are reviewed to evaluate their effectiveness in addressing communication barriers and to guide future research in communication. Findings indicate that effective communication is challenging in intensive care units despite robust evidence that effective communication improves patient outcomes and quality metrics. Repeated and varied forms of communication, especially written reinforced with verbal communication, seem to have the strongest effect and show promising results. Common barriers nurses face on their units are identified, and solutions are suggested. This review adds to current knowledge by linking communication to measurable outcomes and examining communication barriers and needs specific to pediatric critical care populations from the provider, parent, and patient perspectives.
Histamine profile of dried-salted fish sold in local supermarkets of Samar, Philippines
Authors: Amascual Ruel H. , Panganoron Harold O. , Irene Elmer A. , Pajarillo Noeme D.
Published: April 2020

The Food Safety Act of the Philippines strengthens the welfare of consumer’s health by protecting the public from foodborne illnesses such as scombroid fish poisoning due to unusually high levels of histamine. The present study investigated the formation of histamine substance in driedsalted fish products that were sold in different local supermarkets of Samar. A total of fifty samples of dried-salted fish samples were used to analyze the histamine substance. Results of the analysis revealed that 81.3% are detected beyond the regulatory limits of 200.0mg/kg by the Bureau of Food and Drugs-Philippine National Standard. Based on the Box-whisper plot, the species with the highest concentration of histamine are Bolinao (Stolephorus sp.), Hasa-hasa (Rastrelliger sp.), Lambiao (Selar boops), and Tamban (Sardinella sp). In the non-linear regression model, a low r2 found out that histamine concentration in the products generally increased through time as sold in the local supermarkets.
NEW PLANT BREEDING TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Authors: Kater Martin
Published: April 2020

Agriculture has a 10,000-year history. During this period, humans selected natural mutants that were found to be useful for cultivation and human consumption. However, the selected characteristics are not always favorable for the plants themselves, often compromising their ability to survive and adapt to the natural environment. In this way, cultivated plants have become dependent, for their survival, on man as man is dependent on plants to survive. The increase in agricultural production was notable during the green revolution and even afterwards new genetic knowledge made it possible to drastically increase food production. However, now with the rapid growth of the world population, the selection of new cultivars has become necessary, not only capable of producing more but also able to do so with less water, fertilizers, insecticides etc. Plants that are more resistant to biotic and abiotic stresses, which are increasingly frequent in a world where climate change is becoming a major challenge for the future. Studying the genomes of plants and the functions of their genes is the only way to accelerate the genetic improvement of plants while protecting the environment. A very important technology to try to solve these problems is "genome editing", using the CRISPR-Cas system. Unfortunately, in Europe the use of this new technology in agriculture has found it is not easy to apply not so much for scientific reasons but for political ideologies contrary to this type of innovation in agriculture.
Size-resolved exposure risk of persistent free radicals (PFRs) in atmospheric aerosols and their potential sources
Authors: Chen Qingcai , Sun Haoyao , Song Wenhuai , Cao Fang , Tian Chongguo , Zhang Yan-Lin
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) are a new type of substance with potential health risks. EPFRs are widely present in atmospheric particulates, but there is a limited understanding of the size-resolved health risks of these radicals. This study first reported the exposure risks and source of EPFRs in atmospheric particulate matter (PM) of different particle sizes (
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Authors: Borger Emil De , Tiano Justin , Braeckman Ulrike , Ysebaert Tom , Soetaert Karline
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Bioirrigation, the exchange of solutes between overlying water and sediment
by benthic organisms, plays an important role in sediment biogeochemistry.
Bioirrigation either is quantified based on tracer data or a community
(bio)irrigation potential (IPc) can be derived based on biological traits.
Both these techniques were applied in a seasonal study of bioirrigation in
subtidal and intertidal habitats in a temperate estuary. The combination of
a tracer time series with a high temporal resolution and a mechanistic model
allowed for us to simultaneously estimate the pumping rate and the sediment
attenuation, a parameter that determines irrigation depth. We show that,
although the total pumping rate is similar in both intertidal and subtidal
areas, there is deeper bioirrigation in intertidal areas. This is explained
by higher densities of bioirrigators such as Corophium sp.,
Heteromastus filiformis and Arenicola marina in the intertidal, as
opposed to the subtidal, areas. The IPc correlated more strongly with the
attenuation coefficient than the pumping rate, which highlights that the IPc
index reflects more the bioirrigation depth than the rate.
Risk of crop failure due to compound dry and hot extremes estimated with nested copulas
Authors: Ribeiro Andreia Filipa Silva , Russo Ana , Gouveia Célia Marina , Páscoa Patrícia , Zscheischler Jakob
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Drought and heat events stress agricultural systems and may threaten food security. The interaction between co-occurring drought and hot conditions is often particularly damaging to crop's health and may cause crop failure. In this context, traditional univariate analyses may not be adequate for reliable risk assessment of crop failure associated with compound hazards. Climate change exacerbates such risks due to an increase in the intensity and frequency of dry and hot events in many land regions. Here we model the trivariate dependence between spring maximum temperature, spring precipitation and wheat and barley yields, respectively, over two province clusters in Spain with nested copulas. Based on the full trivariate joint distribution, we (i) estimate the impact of compound hot and dry conditions on wheat and barley loss and (ii) estimate the additional impact due to compound hazards compared to individual hazards. We find that crop loss increases when drought- or heat-stress aggravates to compound dry and hot conditions and that an increase in the severity of compound conditions leads to larger damages. For instance, compared to moderate drought only, compound dry and hot conditions increase the likelihood of crop loss by 8 to 11 %, while when starting with moderate heat, the increase is between 19 to 29 % (depending on the cereal and region). This means that the likelihood of crop loss is driven primarily by drought stress than by heat stress, suggesting that drought plays the dominant role in the compound event, that is, drought stress does not require to be so extreme as heat stress to cause a similar damage. Furthermore, when compound dry and hot conditions aggravate from moderate to severe or extreme stress, crop loss probabilities increase 5 to 6 % and 6 to 8 %, respectively (depending on the cereal and region). Our results highlight the additional value of a trivariate approach for the estimating the compounding effects of dry and hot extremes on of crop failure risk. Therefore, this approach can effectively contribute to design management options and guide the decision-making process in agricultural practices.
Evidence from giant-clam δ18O of intense El Ninõ–Southern Oscillation-related variability but reduced frequency 3700 years ago
Authors: Hu Yue , Sun Xiaoming , Cheng Hai , Yan Hong
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Giant clams (Tridacna) are the largest marine bivalves, and their carbonate shells
can be used for high-resolution paleoclimate reconstructions. In this
contribution, δ18Oshell was used to estimate climatic
variation in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. We first evaluate sea
surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) influence on the
modern resampled monthly (r-monthly) resolution of Tridacna gigas δ18Oshell. The results obtained reveal that δ18Oshell seasonal variation is mainly controlled by SST and
appears to be insensitive to local SSS change. Thus, the δ18O
of Tridacna shells can be roughly used as a proxy of local SST: a 1 ‰ δ18Oshell change is roughly equal to
4.41 ∘C of SST. The r-monthly δ18O of a 40-year-old
Tridacna squamosa (3673±28 BP) from the North Reef of the Xisha Islands was analyzed
and compared with the modern specimen. The difference between the average
δ18O of the fossil Tridacna shell (δ18O =-1.34 ‰) and the modern Tridacna specimen (δ18O =-1.15 ‰) probably implies a warm climate, roughly
0.84 ∘C, 3700 years ago. The seasonal variation 3700 years ago
was slightly lower than that suggested by modern instrumental data, and the
transition between warm and cold seasons was rapid. Higher amplitudes of
reconstructed r-monthly and r-annual SST anomalies imply an enhanced climate
variability during this warm period. Investigation of the El
Ninõ–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variation (based on the reconstructed
SST series) indicates reduced ENSO frequency but increased ENSO-related
variability and extreme El Ninõ winter events 3700 years ago.
A multi-year timeseries of observation-based 3D horizontal and vertical quasi-geostrophic global ocean currents
Authors: Buongiorno Nardelli Bruno
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Estimates of 3D ocean circulation are needed to improve our understanding of ocean dynamics and to assess its impact on marine ecosystems and Earth climate. Here we present the OMEGA3D product, an observation-based timeseries of (quasi) global 3D ocean currents covering the 1993–2018 period, developed by the Italian Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche within the European Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). This dataset was obtained by applying a diabatic quasi-geostrophic (QG) diagnostic model to CMEMS data-driven ARMOR3D weekly reconstruction of temperature and salinity and ERA-Interim fluxes. Outside the equatorial band, vertical velocities were retrieved in the upper 1500 m, at nominal ¼° resolution, and successively used to compute the horizontal ageostrophic components. Root mean square differences between OMEGA3D total horizontal velocities and totally independent drifter observations at two different depths (15 m and 1000 m) decrease with respect to corresponding estimates obtained from zero-order geostrophic balance, meaning that estimated vertical velocities can also be deemed reliable. OMEGA3D horizontal velocities are also closer to drifter observations than velocities provided by a set of re-analyses spanning a comparable time period, but based on data assimilation in ocean general circulation numerical models. The full OMEGA3D product (released on 31st of March 2020) is available upon free registration at https://doi.org/10.25423/cmcc/multiobs_glo_phy_w_rep_015_007. The reduced subset used here for validation and review purposes is openly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3696885 (Buongiorno Nardelli, 2020).
COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees
Authors: Mussetti Gianluca , Brunner Dominik , Henne Stephan , Allegrini Jonas , Krayenhoff E. Scott , Schubert Sebastian , Feigenwinter Christian , Vogt Roland , Wicki Andreas , Carmeliet Jan
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Street trees are more and more regarded as an effective measure to reduce excessive heat in urban areas. However, the vast majority of mesoscale urban climate models do not represent street trees in an explicit manner and, for example, do not take the important effect of shading by trees into account. In addition, urban canopy models that take interactions of trees and urban fabrics directly into account are usually limited to the street or neighbourhood scale and hence cannot be used to analyse the citywide effect of urban greening. In order to represent the interactions between street trees, urban elements and the atmosphere in realistic regional weather and climate simulations, we coupled the Building Effect Parameterisation with Trees (BEP-Tree) vegetated urban canopy model and the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) mesoscale weather and climate model. The performance and applicability of the coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, are demonstrated over the urban area of Basel, Switzerland, during the heatwave event of June–July 2015. Overall, the model compared well with measurements of individual components of the surface energy balance and with air and surface temperatures obtained from a flux tower, surface stations and satellites. Deficiencies were identified for nighttime air temperature and humidity, which can mainly be traced back to limitations in the simulation of the nighttime stable boundary layer in COSMO. The representation of street trees in the coupled model generally improved the agreement with observations. Street trees produced large changes in simulated sensible and latent heat flux, and wind speed. Within the canopy layer, the presence of street trees resulted in a slight reduction in daytime air temperature and a very minor increase in nighttime air temperature. The model was found to realistically respond to changes in the parameters defining the street trees: leaf area density and stomatal conductance. Overall, COSMO-BEP-Tree demonstrated the potential of (a) enabling city-wide studies on the cooling potential of street trees and (b) further enhancing the modelling capabilities and performance in urban climate modelling studies.