bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CPMD Investigations of the Improved Energetic Performance for Lithium Amidoborane doped RDX
Authors: Wang Kun , Wu Pan Pan , Zhang Tian Tian , Liu Dian Kai , Dai Chao Hua , Zhang Jian Guo , Yu Xue Bin
Published: January 2019

We always pursue improved energetic performances such as high formation enthalpies, moderate sensitivities and stabilities for all energetic compounds. 1,3,5‐trinitroperhydro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX) is a very classic high‐energy explosive which has been applied in both military and civilian fields broadly, whose combustion properties can be enhanced by introducing hydrogen‐storage compounds such as Lithium amidoborane (LAB). Here we apply CPMD method to study how LAB affects a traditional nitramine explosive (RDX) in a simulated detonation. The theoretical results show there are abundant exothermic reactions caused by the introduction of LAB, which suggests hydrogen‐storage material is a prospective assistant ingredient for composite explosives.
Dynamically Switchable Multicolor Electrochromic Films
Authors: Li Na , Wei Pingping , Yu Linan , Ji Junyi , Zhao Jiupeng , Gao Chuanbo , Li Yao , Yin Yadong
Published: January 2019

The dynamic optical switch of plasmonic nanostructures is highly desirable due to its promising applications in many smart optical devices. To address the challenges in the reversibility and transmittance contrast of the plasmonic electrochromic devices, here, a strategy is reported to fabricate color switchable electrochromic films through electro‐responsive dissolution and deposition of Ag on predefined hollow shells of Au/Ag alloy. Using the hollow Au/Ag alloy nanostructures as stable seeds for site‐specific deposition of Ag, elimination of the random self‐nucleation events is enabled and optimal reversibility in color switching is allowed. The hollow structure further enables excellent transmittance contrast between the bleached and colored states. With its additional advantages such as the convenience for preparation, high sensitivity, and field‐tunable optical property, it is believed that this new electrochromic film represents a unique platform for designing novel smart optical devices.
Visualization of Steel Continuous Casting Including a New Integral Method for Post‐Processing Temperature Data
Authors: Zappulla Matthew L. S. , Cho Seong‐Mook , Thomas Brian G.
Published: January 2019

Understanding and improving complex manufacturing processes such as steel continuous casting can have a tremendous global impact. Due to the extremely harsh environments, computational modeling is more important than ever in the study of these processes. Being able to visualize the model results in a manner that conveys accurate process understanding as well as being visually digestible can be difficult, especially for transient, three‐dimensional models. Depending on the objective, it is also important to distinguish between graphically‐pleasing and physically‐based visualization. Following physically‐based visualization guidelines can help make the model results easier to understand and interpret. Examples include: color maps based on temperature, glyphs to show multiple stress components, vector plots overlaying a scalar field, diverging and discrete color maps to differentiate tension and compression, and orienting figures so that gravity acts downwards. This paper explores methodologies for post processing, as well as the selection of some visualization parameters, for a variety of variables and models relevant to understanding and quantifying the complex phenomena in steel continuous casting. Finally a methodology is introduced for the processing of high‐density data from temperature sensors to better visualize potential quality issues on the surface of a continuously cast slab.
Seismic response of isolated bridge with high damping rubber bearings
Authors: Okui Yoshiaki , Nakamura Keisuke , Sato Takashi , Imai Takashi
Published: January 2019

Kurita‐Albrecht Best Scientific Paper Award – Steel at 12th Japan German Bridge Symposium, September 2018 in Munich

The temperature dependence of the mechanical behaviour of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) was investigated by way of cyclic loading tests at different ambient temperatures. As the number of loading cycles increased, so the difference between the ambient and internal temperatures of HDRBs increased due to self‐heating, especially in subzero environments. It was found that the mechanical behaviour of HDRBs is governed by their internal temperatures, not by the ambient temperatures. A simple method for estimating the internal temperature is proposed. Previous cyclic loading tests results at different ambient temperatures have been re‐examined based on the internal temperatures obtained from the proposed internal temperature estimation method. The temperature dependence of HDRBs is summarized in terms of the internal temperatures. The conventional temperature dependence based on the ambient temperature may underestimate the seismic response of bridges with HDRBs, especially for subzero environments.
EFL learners’ critical multimodal reflections on the politics of English
Authors: Huang Shin‐ying
Published: January 2019

There has been increasing effort in English as a second and foreign language education to incorporate a critical perspective, either highlighting the politics of English in terms of native‐speakerism, standards, varieties, and accents or aiming to develop learners’ critical awareness of issues pertaining to race, class, and gender. There has also been growing interest in the potential of multimodal pedagogies for language learning. However, very little research has engaged language learners in exploring the politics of English in the context of race, class, and gender power relations from a multimodal perspective. Thus, this study investigates how learners of English as a foreign language, through a multimodal approach, reflect on the politics of English as relating to race, class, and/or gender. Examination of learners’ multimodal ensembles found that thinking multimodally rather than only linguistically may contribute to the consideration of an issue from a less dominant point of view, leading to critical reflection. In addition, multimodal ensembles may allow learners to express their critical engagement with an issue in ways that the linguistic mode might restrict. The pedagogical implications of these findings are discussed using examples from students’ multimodal projects, and possible directions for future research are proposed.
What the Consequence Argument Is an Argument For
Authors: Capes Justin A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2019

The consequence argument is among the most influential arguments for the conclusion that free will and determinism are incompatible. Recently, however, it has become increasingly clear that the argument fails to establish that particular incompatibilist conclusion. Even so, a version of the argument can be formulated that supports a different incompatibilist conclusion, according to which free will is incompatible with our behavior being predetermined by factors beyond our control. This conclusion, though not equivalent to the traditional incompatibilist thesis that determinism strictly precludes free will, is something many incompatibilists have had in mind all along and, indeed, is arguably the more central incompatibilist position. The consequence argument thus remains philosophically important, even if, as several of its critics have argued, it can’t be used to establish the strict incompatibility of free will and determinism.
The importance of permits for effective population management
Authors: Ferrer Nilda , McDuffie Lynn
Published: January 2019

The global management of animal populations to ensure sustainability depends on inter‐regional transfers of animals in many cases. Regulatory and permitting requirements can be significant challenges to effective population management. This brief communication lays out practice advice for easing the regulatory burden and facilitating successful permitting. Advice is provided on meeting enhancement requirements at the institutional and TAG levels, and TAGs are encouraged to make longer term plans for imports of animals so that blanket permits can be obtained. Regular meetings with regulatory agencies and participation in AZA legislative affairs events are recommended to strengthen personal relationships and facilitate communication between zoos and regulatory bodies. Zoos and Aquariums should also provide professional development support for registrars to increase their capacity to navigate the permitting landscape.
Holographic turbulence in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity at large D
Authors: Chen Bin , Li Peng-Cheng , Tian Yu , Zhang Cheng-Yong
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We study the holographic hydrodynamics in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) gravity in the framework of the large D expansion. We find that the large D EGB equations can be interpreted as the hydrodynamic equations describing the conformal fluid. These fluid equations are truncated at the second order of the derivative expansion, similar to the Einstein gravity at large D. From the analysis of the fluid flows, we find that the fluid equations can be taken as a variant of the compressible version of the non-relativistic Navier-Stokes equations. Particularly, in the limit of small Mach number, these equations could be cast into the form of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with redefined Reynolds number and Mach number. By using numerical simulation, we find that the EGB holographic turbulence shares similar qualitative feature as the turbulence from the Einstein gravity, despite the presence of two extra terms in the equations of motion. We analyze the effect of the GB term on the holographic turbulence in detail.
Prospects of searching for composite resonances at the LHC and beyond
Authors: Liu Da , Wang Lian-Tao , Xie Ke-Pan
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Composite Higgs models predict the existence of resonances. We study in detail the collider phenomenology of both the vector and fermionic resonances, including the possibility of both of them being light and within the reach of the LHC. We present current constraints from di-boson, di-lepton resonance searches and top partner pair searches on a set of simplified benchmark models based on the minimal coset SO(5)/SO(4), and make projections for the reach of the HL-LHC. We find that the cascade decay channels for the vector resonances into top partners, or vice versa, can play an important role in the phenomenology of the models. We present a conservative estimate for their reach by using the same-sign di-lepton final states. As a simple extrapolation of our work, we also present the projected reach at the 27 TeV HE-LHC and a 100 TeV pp collider.
Developmental cascades of internalising symptoms, externalising problems and cognitive ability from early childhood to middle adolescence
Authors: Flouri Eirini , Papachristou Efstathios , Midouhas Emily , Ploubidis George B. , Lewis Glyn , Joshi Heather
Published: January 2019

Background:

Cognitive ability and problem behaviour (externalising and internalising problems) are variable and inter-related in children. However, it is not known if they mutually influence one another, if difficulties in one cause difficulties in the other, or if they are related only because they share causes.

Methods:

Random-intercept cross-lagged models adjusted for confounding were fitted to explore this in 17,318 (51% male) children of the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study at ages 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. Externalising and internalising problems were assessed using the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Cognitive ability was measured using standardised scores of age-appropriate validated cognitive ability assessments. Where multiple cognitive assessments were available a single score was derived using principal components analysis.

Results:

There was much evidence for cross-domain longitudinal effects in childhood, especially for cognitive ability (on both internalising and externalising problems and in both males and females) and externalising problems (on internalising problems in both genders and cognitive ability in males). Bidirectional effects were childhood-limited, gender-specific and less consistent. The consistent bidirectional associations were, in males, between externalising problems and cognitive ability, and, in females, between externalising and internalising problems (although the effects of internalising problems were weak). In adolescence, only externalising problems had cross-domain effects such that, in both genders, they were associated with lower cognitive ability in subsequent measurements and increased levels of internalising problems.

Conclusions:

In either childhood or adolescence, reducing behavioural problems could have both emotional and cognitive benefits. In childhood, improving cognitive skills could reduce both emotional and behavioural problems.
Turbulent drag reduction by compliant lubricating layer
Authors: Roccon Alessio , Zonta Francesco , Soldati Alfredo
Published: January 2019

We propose a physically sound explanation for the drag reduction mechanism in a lubricated channel, a flow configuration in which an interface separates a thin layer of less-viscous fluid (viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{1}$) from a main layer of a more-viscous fluid (viscosity $\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{2}$). To single out the effect of surface tension, we focus initially on two fluids having the same density and the same viscosity ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{1}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{2}=1$), and we lower the viscosity of the lubricating layer down to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{1}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D702}_{2}=0.25$, which corresponds to a physically realizable experimental set-up consisting of light oil and water. A database comprising original direct numerical simulations of two-phase flow channel turbulence is used to study the physical mechanisms driving drag reduction, which we report between 20 and 30 percent. The maximum drag reduction occurs when the two fluids have the same viscosity ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=1$), and corresponds to the relaminarization of the lubricating layer. Decreasing the viscosity of the lubricating layer ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}<1$) induces a marginally decreased drag reduction, but also helps sustaining strong turbulence in the lubricating layer. This led us to infer two different mechanisms for the two drag-reduced systems, each of which is ultimately controlled by the outcome of the competition between viscous, inertial and surface tension forces.
Radial symmetry of non-maximal entire solutions of a bi-harmonic equation with exponential nonlinearity
Authors: Guo Hongxia , Guo Zongming , Wan Fangshu
Published: January 2019

We study radial symmetry of entire solutions of the equation0.1$$\Delta ^2u = 8(N-2)(N-4)e^u\quad {\rm in}\;R^N\;\;(N \ges 5).$$It is known that (0.1) admits infinitely many radially symmetric entire solutions. These solutions may have either a (negative) logarithmic behaviour or a (negative) quadratic behaviour at infinity. Up to translations, we know that there is only one radial entire solution with the former behaviour, which is called ‘maximal radial entire solution’, and infinitely many radial entire solutions with the latter behaviour, which are called ‘non-maximal radial entire solutions’. The necessary and sufficient conditions for an entire solutionuof (0.1) to be the maximal radial entire solution are presented in [7] recently. In this paper, we will give the necessary and sufficient conditions for an entire solutionuof (0.1) to be a non-maximal radial entire solution.
A CLASS OF CRITICAL KIRCHHOFF PROBLEM ON THE HYPERBOLIC SPACE
Authors: CARRIÃO PAULO CESAR , COSTA AUGUSTO CÉSAR DOS REIS , MIYAGAKI OLIMPIO HIROSHI
Published: January 2019

We investigate questions on the existence of nontrivial solution for a class of the critical Kirchhoff-type problems in Hyperbolic space. By the use of the stereographic projection the problem becomes a singular problem on the boundary of the open ball$B_1(0)\subset \mathbb{R}^n$Combining a version of the Hardy inequality, due to Brezis–Marcus, with the mountain pass theorem due to Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz are used to obtain the nontrivial solution. One of the difficulties is to find a range where the Palais Smale converges, because our equation involves a nonlocal term coming from the Kirchhoff term.
Significance of immunohistochemical overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 in overall and disease-free survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients
Authors: Adnan Ali S M , Naeem S , Mirza Y , Zahid N , Awan M S
Published: January 2019

Objective

In Pakistan, oral cancer ranks as the most common malignancy in males and the second most common malignancy in females. Cyclooxygenase-2 has been explored as an agent of carcinogenesis in oral and other neoplasms. This study aimed to observe the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and to correlate the expression with patients’ clinical features and overall and disease-free survival.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry for cyclooxygenase-2 was performed on a total of 100 oral squamous cell carcinoma formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks. Expression was correlated with patients’ clinicopathological variables and overall and disease-free survival.

Results

Cyclooxygenase-2 was overexpressed in 55 per cent of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Overexpression was correlated with overall survival (p= 0.013) and disease-free survival (p= 0.001) on univariate analysis. However, on multivariate analysis, cyclooxygenase-2 was associated with only disease-free survival (p= 0.044) and not overall survival (p= 0.208).

Conclusion

Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with poorer overall survival and higher rates of recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients.
Characterising variations in perceptual decision making
Authors: Schultz Johannes , Hurlemann René
Published: January 2019

Current perspectives propose that observer models accounting for both optimal and suboptimal behaviour may yield real progress in understanding perception. We propose that such models could, in addition, be very useful for precisely characterising the variation in perception across healthy participants and those affected by psychiatric disorders, as well as the effects of neuromodulators such as oxytocin.
Perceptual suboptimality: Bug or feature?
Authors: Summerfield Christopher , Li Vickie
Published: January 2019

Rahnev & Denison (R&D) argue that whether people are “optimal” or “suboptimal” is not a well-posed question. We agree. However, we argue that the critical question is why humans make suboptimal perceptual decisions in the first place. We suggest that perceptual distortions have a normative explanation – that they promote efficient coding and computation in biological information processing systems.
Model comparison, not model falsification
Authors: Love Bradley C.
Published: January 2019

Systematically comparing models that vary across components can be more informative and explanatory than determining whether behaviour is optimal, however defined. The process of model comparison has a number of benefits, including the possibility of integrating seemingly disparate empirical findings, understanding individual and group differences, and drawing theoretical connections between model proposals.
Identifying suboptimalities with factorial model comparison
Authors: Ma Wei Ji
Published: January 2019

Given the many types of suboptimality in perception, I ask how one should test for multiple forms of suboptimality at the same time – or, more generally, how one should compare process models that can differ in any or all of the multiple components. In analogy to factorial experimental design, I advocate for factorial model comparison.
Individuals, traditions, and the righteous
Authors: Palmer Craig T. , Clark Kyle J.
Published: January 2019

Whitehouse's article posits several plausible hypotheses, but suffers from an unwarranted reliance on the importance of distinct social groups in the causation of self-sacrificing behavior. A focus on relationships between individual kin is better able to account for both the evolution of self-sacrifice and present forms of self-sacrifice. The practical importance of this point is discussed.
The analytic utility of distinguishing fighting from dying
Authors: Hansen Ian Grant
Published: January 2019

Fighting and dying, or what Whitehouse calls “out-group hostility” and “extreme self-sacrifice,” are not conceptually overlapping, but in fact are highly distinguishable, both theoretically and empirically. I present empirical evidence from a reanalysis of Ginges et al. (2009, Study 4), demonstrating the potentially inverse relationship between “parochial hostility” – fighting and “sacrificial altruism” – “and” dying.
Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective
Authors: Babińska Maria , Bilewicz Michal
Published: January 2019

The problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.
Toward a more comprehensive theory of self-sacrificial violence
Authors: Kiper Jordan , Sosis Richard
Published: January 2019

We argue that limiting the theory of extreme self-sacrifice to two determinants, namely, identity fusion and group threats, results in logical and conceptual difficulties. To strengthen Whitehouse's theory, we encourage a more holistic approach. In particular, we suggest that the theory include exogenous sociopolitical factors and constituents of the religious system as additional predictors of extreme self-sacrifice.
What fuses sports fans?
Authors: Xygalatas Dimitris
Published: January 2019

Extreme self-sacrifice in the context of phenomena, such as sports hooliganism, combines aspects of local and extended fusion. How can we best account for such phenomena in the light of the theory presented here, and how can we make a tangible distinction between the two types? I propose ways to explore and operationalize this distinction and the concept of fusion more generally.
#JeSuisCirconflexe: The French spelling reform of 1990 and 2016 reactions
Authors: Humphries Emma
Published: January 2019

In February 2016 the French spelling reform of 1990, which introduced changes to approximately 2,000 words, became the object of discussion online, after it was announced that the new spellings would be included in textbooks from September. Analysing a corpus of tweets, containing key terms from the online discussion, JeSuisCirconflexe; ognon and réforme orthographe, this study gives an insight into the reactions to this governmental linguistic intervention, the recurring themes in their discourse and how this can be interpreted as prescriptive or purist behaviour. Although previous studies have extensively analysed reactions to the 1996 spelling reform in Germany, little research has considered online lay-reactions to the French reform. Given observations that online interactions differ in many ways to equivalent offline interactions, this study can form a point of contrast to previous studies conducted in offline contexts, thereby enriching the existing literature in this field. It is also often claimed that France is a country in which linguistic purism is deeply entrenched; this article will seek further evidence for these claims.
Cor triatriatum sinister with left anomalous pulmonary venous return to innominate vein
Authors: Jaschinski Christoph , Uzdenov Murat , Loukanov Tsvetomir
Published: January 2019

Cor triatriatum sinister is a rare congenital abnormality, with varying signs and symptoms related to the anatomic features and the components of the accompanying cardiac abnormalities. We present a 3-year-old girl who underwent successful simultaneous operation with complete loss of the membrane and ligation of vertical vein by anomalous venous return. The principles for surgical management of cor triatriatum can be summarised as radical resection of the membrane and correction of other intracardiac anomalies.
Welche Rolle spielen sprachliche Parameter für die Entwicklung integrierter verbal-numerischer Konzepte im vierten Lebensjahr?
Authors: Hartmann Julia , Ehlert Antje , Fritz Annemarie
Published: January 2019

Zusammenfassung. Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und zu welchen Anteilen frühe sprachliche Kompetenzen numerische Kompetenzen vorhersagen. An 72 dreijährigen Kindern wurden numerische, verbal produktive und rezeptive sowie grammatische Leistungen zwei Mal im Abstand von drei Monaten erhoben. Mithilfe von Strukturgleichungsmodellen kann gezeigt werden, dass sprachliche und numerische Leistungen in diesem Alter noch wenig distinkt sind. Für die numerischen Kompetenzen findet sich bereits in diesem Alter eine hohe interindividuelle Entwicklungsstabilität. Ein bedeutsamer Einfluss sprachlicher Kompetenz auf den Zuwachs mathematischer Kompetenz im vierten Lebensjahr konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Wir diskutieren die Ergebnisse vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Thesen zum Zusammenhang von Sprache und Numerik in der Entwicklung.
Antarctic Cloud Macrophysical, Thermodynamic Phase, and Atmospheric Inversion Coupling Properties at McMurdo Station—Part II: Radiative Impact During Different Synoptic Regimes
Authors: Silber Israel , Verlinde Johannes , Cadeddu Maria , Flynn Connor J. , Vogelmann Andrew M. , Eloranta Edwin W.
Published: January 2019

Different cloud types are generated over Antarctica as a result of various synoptic conditions. The cloud characteristics affect their impact on the surface energy budget. In this study, the dominating synoptic regimes over Antarctica (centered on the Ross Ice Shelf) are classified using self‐organizing map analysis, applied over long‐term ERA‐Interim 700‐hPa geopotential height data. The corresponding cloud properties over McMurdo Station (measured as part of the AWARE campaign) are described and discussed with respect to the synoptic settings and sea‐ice extent conditions. Cloud radiative forcing calculations are performed as well, and a particular focus is given to the net longwave “radiatively cloudy/opaque” (RO) regime. These results are compared with measurements performed at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide to examine their variability and applicability to other Antarctic locations. It is found that the McMurdo cloud properties are strongly affected by the regional flow patterns and mesoscale cyclonic activity, which often moderates the larger‐scale synoptic regime influence. In contrast, the WAIS clouds are more susceptible to the varying synoptic settings. It is suggested that the positive trend in the (frequent) cyclonic activity near the Antarctic coastal regions makes ice clouds an increasingly prominent contributor for the RO cases, especially during freezeup and maximum sea‐ice conditions.
Seasonal Variation in Martian Water Ice Cloud Particle Size
Authors: Guzewich Scott D. , Smith M. D.
Published: January 2019

We employ the complete record of Mars limb‐viewing observations by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, totaling 922 successful retrievals, to chart the seasonal variation in water ice cloud particle size. Low‐latitude clouds exhibit particle size sorting with altitude at all seasons, with particles ranging from >3.0 μm in effective radius to 1.0–1.5 μm. However, at a given altitude, the ice particle size often varies through the year. Ice particle sizes in the tropics follow a different seasonal cycle than ice mixing ratio. North polar clouds have a complex seasonal cycle, with a sloped size profile with altitude as the polar hood cloud forms in early fall trending to a roughly uniform 1.5‐μm profile by the end of winter. These data are an important metric to validate and improve general circulation model microphysical routines and to better understand how Martian water ice clouds influence the atmospheric radiative budget.
Multistage Remobilization of the Southwestern Margin of the South China Plate: Insights From Zircon U‐Pb Geochronology and Hf Isotope of Granitic Rocks From the Yao Shan Complex, Southeastern Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Xiaoyu , Burg Jean‐Pierre , Liu Junlai , Qi Yinchuan , Fan Wenkui , Wang Kai
Published: January 2019

The Yao Shan complex, located at the southwestern margin of the South China plate, to the east of the Sanjiang‐Southeast Asia Tethyan domain, and at the northern extension of the Day Nui Con Voi massif of the Ailao Shan‐Red River shear zone, provides a reasonable example to study the multistage tectonic remobilization of continental plates. In this paper, we present new zircon LA‐ICP‐MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) U‐Pb dating results and Hf isotopic data of the granitic plutons and dikes from the Yao Shan complex. Zircon U‐Pb ages of the granitic intrusions mainly concentrate on three periods: 825–780, 82–69, and 31–29 Ma. The zircons are characterized by mainly negative εHf(t) values with TDMC ages of 2637–1645, 1964–1610, and 2077–1400 Ma, respectively. The results show that the Yao Shan complex record evidences for three episodes of extensive partial melting of middle and lower crustal Precambrian crystalline basement rocks. They contributed to the granitic magmatism in relation to tectonic processes and structural deformation from Neoproterozoic, Late Cretaceous to Oligo‐Miocene. Therefore, we argue that the southwestern margin of the South China plate is the weakness for multistage remobilization throughout the tectonic evolution of the plate after its primary cratonization. Remobilization of the plate margin is related to oceanic plate subduction, triggered by rifting in a passive continental margin setting, induced by extension at back‐arc setting, or resulted from continental extrusion.
Ancient Faults Amplify Intraplate Earthquakes
Authors: Cook Terri
Published: January 2019

A comparison of deformation rates from Canada’s Saint Lawrence Valley offers compelling evidence that strain in the region is concentrated along ancient structures from previous tectonic cycles.
Updates on Understanding Mars’s Recent and Present-Day Climate
Authors: Diniega Serina , Smith Isaac , Bramson Ali
Published: January 2019

Mars Workshop on Amazonian and Present-day Climate; Lakewood, Colorado, 18–22 June 2018
Diverse motif ensembles specify non-redundant DNA binding activities of AP-1 family members in macrophages
Authors: Fonseca Gregory J. , Tao Jenhan , Westin Emma M. , Duttke Sascha H. , Spann Nathanael J. , Strid Tobias , Shen Zeyang , Stender Joshua D. , Sakai Mashito , Link Verena M. , Benner Christopher , Glass Christopher K.
Published: January 2019

Mechanisms by which members of the AP-1 family of transcription factors play non-redundant biological roles despite recognizing the same DNA sequence remain poorly understood. To address this question, here we investigate the molecular functions and genome-wide DNA binding patterns of AP-1 family members in primary and immortalized mouse macrophages. ChIP-sequencing shows overlapping and distinct binding profiles for each factor that were remodeled following TLR4 ligation. Development of a machine learning approach that jointly weighs hundreds of DNA recognition elements yields dozens of motifs predicted to drive factor-specific binding profiles. Machine learning-based predictions are confirmed by analysis of the effects of mutations in genetically diverse mice and by loss of function experiments. These findings provide evidence that non-redundant genomic locations of different AP-1 family members in macrophages largely result from collaborative interactions with diverse, locus-specific ensembles of transcription factors and suggest a general mechanism for encoding functional specificities of their common recognition motif.
An integrated chromatin accessibility and transcriptome landscape of human pre-implantation embryos
Authors: Liu Longqi , Leng Lizhi , Liu Chuanyu , Lu Changfu , Yuan Yue , Wu Liang , Gong Fei , Zhang Shuoping , Wei Xiaoyu , Wang Mingyue , Zhao Lei , Hu Liang , Wang Jian , Yang Huanming , Zhu Shida , Chen Fang , Lu Guangxiu , Shang Zhouchun , Lin Ge
Published: January 2019

Human pre-implantation embryonic development involves extensive changes in chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Here, we report on LiCAT-seq, a technique that enables simultaneous profiling of chromatin accessibility and gene expression with ultra-low input of cells, and map the chromatin accessibility and transcriptome landscapes for human pre-implantation embryos. We observed global difference in chromatin accessibility between sperm and all stages of embryos, finding that the accessible regions in sperm tend to occur in gene-poor genomic regions. Integrative analyses between the two datasets reveals strong association between the establishment of accessible chromatin and embryonic genome activation (EGA), and uncovers transcription factors and endogenous retrovirus (ERVs) specific to EGA. In particular, a large proportion of the early activated genes and ERVs are bound by DUX4 and become accessible as early as the 2- to 4-cell stages. Our results thus offer mechanistic insights into the molecular events inherent to human pre-implantation development.
The lineage stability and suppressive program of regulatory T cells require protein O-GlcNAcylation
Authors: Liu Bing , Salgado Oscar C. , Singh Sangya , Hippen Keli L. , Maynard Jason C. , Burlingame Alma L. , Ball Lauren E. , Blazar Bruce R. , Farrar Michael A. , Hogquist Kristin A. , Ruan Hai-Bin
Published: January 2019

Regulatory T (Treg) cells control self-tolerance, inflammatory responses and tissue homeostasis. In mature Treg cells, continued expression of FOXP3 maintains lineage identity, while T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and interleukin-2 (IL-2)/STAT5 activation support the suppressive effector function of Treg cells, but how these regulators synergize to control Treg cell homeostasis and function remains unclear. Here we show that TCR-activated posttranslational modification by O-linked N-Acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) stabilizes FOXP3 and activates STAT5, thus integrating these critical signaling pathways. O-GlcNAc-deficient Treg cells develop normally but display modestly reduced FOXP3 expression, strongly impaired lineage stability and effector function, and ultimately fatal autoimmunity in mice. Moreover, deficiency in protein O-GlcNAcylation attenuates IL-2/STAT5 signaling, while overexpression of a constitutively active form of STAT5 partially ameliorates Treg cell dysfunction and systemic inflammation in O-GlcNAc deficient mice. Collectively, our data demonstrate that protein O-GlcNAcylation is essential for lineage stability and effector function in Treg cells.
Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant
Authors: Ferri-Lagneau Karine F. , Haider Jamil , Sang Shengmin , Leung TinChung
Published: January 2019

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1−/− (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1−/− mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1−/− mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1−/− mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
The individual’s signature of telomere length distribution
Authors: Toupance Simon , Villemonais Denis , Germain Daphné , Gegout-Petit Anne , Albuisson Eliane , Benetos Athanase
Published: January 2019

Mean telomere length in human leukocyte DNA samples reflects the different lengths of telomeres at the ends of the 23 chromosomes and in an admixture of cells. However, only rudimentary information is available regarding the distribution of telomere lengths in all chromosomes and the different cell types in leukocyte samples. Understanding the configuration of leukocyte telomere length distribution (LTLD) could be helpful in capturing intrinsic elements that are not provided by the mean leukocyte telomere length (mLTL). The objective of this study was to analyse LTLD and its temporal variation in adults. Leukocyte samples were donated on two occasions (8 years apart) by 72 participants in the ADELAHYDE study. Telomere length was measured by Southern blotting of the terminal restriction fragments. Individuals with comparable mLTLs displayed different shapes of LTLDs. Inter-individual variation in LTLD shape was much larger than intra-individual variation in LTLD shape between baseline and follow-up leukocyte samples. These results show an important individual stability of LTLD shape over time indicating that each individual has a characteristic LTLD signature.
Propagule pressure and hunting pressure jointly determine genetic evolution in insular populations of a global frog invader
Authors: Wang Supen , Liu Conghui , Wu Jun , Xu Chunxia , Zhang Jiaqi , Bai Changming , Gao Xu , Liu Xuan , Li Xianping , Zhu Wei , Li Yiming
Published: January 2019

Islands are often considered to be more susceptible to biological invasions and to suffer greater impacts from invaders than mainland areas, and this difference is generally attributed to differences in species introductions, ecological factors or human activities between islands and mainland areas. Genetic variation, as a good estimate of evolutionary potential, can influence the invasion process and impacts of alien species. However, few studies have compared the genetic diversity of alien species between islands and a corresponding mainland. Here, we examined the genetic variation and differentiation in feral populations (30 sampled individuals/population) of a globally invasive species (the American bullfrog,Lithobates catesbeianus) that was extensively farmed on 14 islands in the Zhoushan Archipelago of China and in three nearby regions on the mainland. We quantified the relative importance of propagule pressure and hunting pressures on the genetic variation of bullfrog populations and found that insular populations have greater genetic variation than their mainland counterparts. Although genetic differentiation between the populations was observed, no evidence of recent bottlenecks or population expansion in any of the tested population was found. Our results suggest that the propagule pressures of bullfrogs escaping from farms, multiple releases and hunting pressure influence the genetic variation among bullfrog populations. These results might have important implications for understanding the establishment and evolution of alien species on islands and for the management of invasive species.
Physical Origin of Early Failure for Contaminated Optics
Authors: Brown Andrew , Bernot David , Ogloza Albert , Olson Kyle , Thomas Jeff , Talghader Joseph
Published: January 2019

Laser-Induced optical breakdown often occurs unexpectedly at optical intensities far lower than those predicted by ultra-short pulse laser experiments, and is usually attributed to contamination. To determine the physical mechanism, optical coatings were contaminated with carbon and steel microparticles and stressed using a 17 kW continuous-wave laser. Breakdown occurred at intensity levels many orders of magnitude lower than expected in clean, pristine materials. Damage thresholds were found to strongly follow the bandgap energy of the film. A thermal model incorporating the particle absorption, interface heat transfer, and free carrier absorption was developed, and it explains the observed data, indicating that surface contamination heated by the laser thermally generates free carriers in the films. The observed bandgap dependence is in direct contrast to the behavior observed for clean samples under continuous wave and long-pulse illumination, and, unexpectedly, has similarities to ultra-short pulse breakdown for clean samples, albeit with a substantially different physical mechanism.
Deep learning-based component identification for the Raman spectra of mixtures
Authors: Fan Xiaqiong , Ming Wen , Zeng Huitao , Zhang Zhimin , Lu Hongmei
Published: January 2019

DeepCID can achieve high accuracy, excellent sensitivity and few false positives for component identification in mixtures based on Raman spectroscopy and deep learning.
Preparation of two-dimensional magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers based on boron nitride and a deep eutectic solvent for the selective recognition of flavonoids
Authors: Li Xiaoxia , Dai Yunliang , Row Kyung Ho
Published: January 2019

Two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride (BN) were developed as a 2D scaffold material in preparation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs).
Gold-catalyzed [4+1]-annulation reactions between anthranils and 4-methoxy-1,2-dienyl-5-ynes involving a 1,2-allene shift
Authors: Hsieh Hsiang-Chu , Tan Kuo-Chen , Kulandai Raj Antony Sekar , Liu Rai-Shung
Published: January 2019

Gold catalyzed [4+1]-annulations of 4-methoxy-1,2-dien-5-ynes with anthranils are described; the reaction mechanism involves initial formation of α-imino gold carbenes, followed by a subsequent 1,2-allene shift.
Preparation of membrane-mimicking lamellar structures by molecular confinement of hybrid nanocomposites
Authors: Vrbata David , Ďorďovič Vladimír , Seitsonen Jani , Ruokolainen Janne , Janoušková Olga , Uchman Mariusz , Matějíček Pavel
Published: January 2019

Telechelic poly(ethylene oxide) with glucose end-groups interacts with metallacarborane that leads to lamellar nanostructures in water. They can incorporate metallacarborane- and benzoxaborole-based probes via dynamic bonding.
A new strategy for the selective oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by a polyoxometalate-based hybrid surfactant in biphasic systems
Authors: Bai Xueli , Huang Xin , Wen Liang , Song Nianze , Zhang Jian , Zhang Yue , Zhao Yongxiang
Published: January 2019

At room temperature, 18C-silyl-POM makes a reaction system form an emulsion to increase the interface area and improve the catalytic performance.
Ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes with ethanol: highly stereoselective synthesis of E- and Z-alkenes
Authors: Yang Jinfei , Wang Chengniu , Sun Yufeng , Man Xuyan , Li Jinxia , Sun Fei
Published: January 2019

A ligand-controlled iridium-catalyzed semihydrogenation of alkynes to E- and Z-alkenes with ethanol was developed.
Copper cyanide polymers with controllable dimensions modulated by rigid and flexible bis-(imidazole) ligands: synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence properties
Authors: Xu Hui , Zhou Bo-Yu , Yu Kai , Su Zhan-Hua , Zhou Bai-Bin , Su Zhong-Min
Published: January 2019

Five controllable dimensions copper cyanide polymers have been synthesized by adjusting the steric configurations of imidazole ligands, which exhibit certain thermal stability and fluorescence properties.
Electrochemical glucose sensing characteristics of two-dimensional faceted and non-faceted CuO nanoribbons
Authors: Sahoo Rakesh K. , Das Arya , Samantaray Koyel , Singh Saroj K. , Mane Rajaram S. , Shin Heon-Cheol , Yun Je Moon , Kim Kwang Ho
Published: January 2019

We present faceted and non-faceted crystal cupric oxide (CuO) nanoribbons synthesized by different processes for glucose-sensing applications.
Infrared spectroscopic characterization of phosphate binding at the goethite–water interface
Authors: Ahmed Ashour A. , Gypser Stella , Leinweber Peter , Freese Dirk , Kühn Oliver
Published: January 2019

The molecular binding mechanisms for the adsorbed phosphate at the goethite–water interface have been explored via a joint experimental/theoretical study. This study involved performing sorption experiments, characterization by FT-IR spectroscopy, and performing periodic DFT calculations.
Potential energy surface and rovibrational bound states of the H2–C3N− van der Waals complex
Authors: Lara-Moreno Miguel , Stoecklin Thierry , Halvick Philippe
Published: January 2019

We develop a model of the interaction between the anion C3N− considered as a linear rigid rotor and H2 and perform a quantum computer simulation of the intermolecular vibrational dynamics.
The extraordinary optical transmission and sensing properties of Ag/Ti composite nanohole arrays
Authors: Larson Steven , Carlson Daniel , Ai Bin , Zhao Yiping
Published: January 2019

Ag/Ti composite nanohole arrays were fabricated through a combination of nanosphere lithography, reactive ion etching, and co-deposition. The sensing performances were improved by the tunable dispersion of the Ag/Ti composites.
Barium titanate at the nanoscale: controlled synthesis and dielectric and ferroelectric properties
Authors: Jiang Beibei , Iocozzia James , Zhao Lei , Zhang Hefeng , Harn Yeu-Wei , Chen Yihuang , Lin Zhiqun
Published: January 2019

The successful production of nanostructured BaTiO3enables theoretical and experimental investigation into the intriguing yet complex dielectric properties of individual BaTiO3nanocrystals. By combining BaTiO3nanocrystals and certain polymers, the resulting BaTiO3/polymer nanocomposites possess many advantages from both components.
Synthesis, catalysis, and DFT study of a ruthenium carbene complex bearing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane (12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Botao , Guo Weijie , Wu Shutao , Zhang Huiqing , Dang Yanfeng , Wang Jianhui
Published: January 2019

A ruthenium carbene catalyst containing a 1,2-dicarbadodecaborane(12)-1,2-dithiolate ligand was synthesized, and the structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction.
Flux crystal growth: a versatile technique to reveal the crystal chemistry of complex uranium oxides
Authors: Juillerat Christian A. , Klepov Vladislav V. , Morrison Gregory , Pace Kristen A. , zur Loye Hans-Conrad
Published: January 2019

Molten flux crystal growth is a thriving field for the discovery of uranium oxides.
Specific detection of hypochlorite based on the size-selective effect of luminophore integrated MOF-801 synthesized by a one-pot strategy
Authors: Ye Yunxi , Zhao Liwei , Hu Shuanggang , Liang Ajuan , Li Yongsheng , Zhuang Qixin , Tao Guorong , Gu Jinlou
Published: January 2019

Intracellular hypochlorite could be rapidly and specifically detected with novel luminescent AF@MOF-801 nanoparticles based on a size-selective effect.
Multi-heteroatom doped graphene-like carbon nanospheres with 3D inverse opal structure: a promising bisphenol-A remediation material
Authors: Wang Weixue , Wang Xiangxue , Xing Jinlu , Gong Qiaobin , Wang Huihui , Wang Jianjun , Chen Zhe , Ai Yuejie , Wang Xiangke
Published: January 2019

Nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur co-doped graphene-like carbon nanospheres with 3D inverse opal structure as a promising bisphenol-A remediation material.
Simultaneous photocatalytic redox removal of chromium(vi) and arsenic(iii) by hydrothermal carbon-sphere@nano-Fe3O4
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Weifang , Tao Le , Hao Boyuan , Zhang Jing
Published: January 2019

The reduction of Cr(vi) and oxidation of As(iii) were markedly accelerated by employing iron oxide encapsulated in hydrothermal carbon sphere under simulated solar light irradiation.