bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restrukturisasi peran BUMN: Tinjauan ideologis dan ekonomis
Authors: Ruru Bacelius
Published: April 2022

Indonesia dipandang sebagau salah satu negara dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi. Pertumbuhan pendapatan perkapita selama 25 tahun masa PJP 1 termasuk di antara salah satu dari 10 negara tertinggi di antara negara berkembang.
Peran perencanaan pembangunan dalam menghadapi era globalisasi
Authors: Sriyana Jaka
Published: April 2022

Isu globalisasi dunia mulai merebak pada tahun 1980an, yang ditandai dengan berbagai perubahan yang sangat cepat di berbagai bidang kehidupan sosial, budaya, ekonomi, dan aspek-aspek terkait lainnya. Proses globalisasi terjadi dewasa ini mengakibatkan keadaan ekonomi dunia saat ini sangat berbeda dengan kondisi ekonomi yang diproyeksikan oleh para ahli pada masa lalu.
Dampak politik pangan terhadap sektor pertanian
Authors: Wijayanti Diana
Published: April 2022

Sebagaimana diumumkan pemerintah, harga produk-produk pertanian, terutama bahan pangan menyebabkan tingginya angka inflasi pada triwulan pertama tahun ini. Oleh sebab itu, agar angka inflasi komultif tahun ini tidak menembus double digit, maka harga-harga bahan makanan harus dikendalikan.
Memperluas dan memperdalam sistem perdagangan dunia
Authors: Martin Will
Published: April 2022

Putaran Uruguay telah menghasilkan reformasi sistem perdagangan dunia yang paling fundamental sejak dibentuknya GATT pada tahun 1974.
Consolidated Amateur Radio Signal Reports as Indicators of Intense Sporadic E Layers
Authors: Deacon Chris , Mitchell Cathryn , Watson Robert
Published: April 2022

A case study is presented which demonstrates the value and validity of a novel approach to the use of consolidated amateur (‘ham’) radio reception reports as indicators of the presence of intense ionospheric sporadic E (Es). It is shown that the use of amateur data can provide an important supplement to other techniques, allowing the detection and tracking of Es where no suitable ionosonde or other measurements are available. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated by reference to ionosonde data, and the advantages and limitations of the technique are discussed.
Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Alvites Rui D. , Branquinho Mariana , Sousa Ana Catarina , Lopes Bruna , Sousa Patrícia , Prada Justina , Pires Isabel , Ronchi Giulia , Raimondo Stefania , Luís Ana Lúcia , Geuna Stefano , S. P. Varejão Artur , Maurício Ana Colette
Published: April 2022

Cell secretome has been explored as a cell-free technique with high scientific and medical interest for Regenerative Medicine. In this work, the secretome produced and collected from Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Olfactory Ensheating Cells was analyzed and therapeutically applied to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. The analysis of the conditioned medium revealed the production and secretion of several factors with immunomodulatory functions, capable of intervening beneficially in the phases of nerve regeneration. Subsequently, the conditioned medium was applied to sciatic nerves of rats after neurotmesis, using Reaxon® as tube-guides. Over 20 weeks, the animals were subjected to periodic functional assessments, and after this period, the sciatic nerves and cranial tibial muscles were evaluated stereologically and histomorphometrically, respectively. The results obtained allowed to confirm the beneficial effects resulting from the application of this therapeutic combination. The administration of conditioned medium from Olfactory Mucosal Mesenchymal Stem Cells led to the best results in motor performance, sensory recovery, and gait patterns. Stereological and histomorphometric evaluation also revealed the ability of this therapeutic combination to promote nervous and muscular histologic reorganization during the regenerative process. The therapeutic combination discussed in this work shows promising results and should be further explored to clarify irregularities found in the outcomes and to allow establishing the use of cell secretome as a new therapeutic field applied in the treatment of peripheral nerves after injury.
Vlasov-Einstein equation and Lagrange points
Authors: Vedenyapin Victor Valentinovich , Parenkina Victoria Igorevna , Petrov Alexander Georgievich , Zhang Haochen
Published: April 2022

In classical works, equations for fields are proposed without derivation of the right-hand sides. Here we give a derivation of the right-hand sides of the Maxwell and Einstein equations in the framework of the Vlasov-Maxwell-Einstein equations from the classical, but more general principle of least action. Moreover, in the case of Friedman's model of the Universe, one possibility is obtained to explain the mysterious accelerated expansion of the Universe. The accelerated expansion of the Universe, marked by the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics, is receiving close attention. The generally accepted explanation now is the addition of Einstein's lambda term to the relativistic action. And it is well known that in the nonrelativistic theory this corresponds to the addition of a repulsive quadratic potential.
Securitization of Disinformation in NATO’s Lexicon: A Computational Text Analysis
Authors: ÜNVER Akın , KURNAZ Ahmet
Published: April 2022

Following the Russian meddling in the 2016 US elections, disinformation and fake news became popular terms to help generate domestic awareness against foreign information operations globally. Today, a large number of politicians, diplomats, and civil society leaders identify disinformation and fake news as primary problems in both domestic and foreign policy contexts. But how do security institutions define disinformation and fake news in foreign and security policies, and how do their securitization strategies change over years? Using computational methods, this article explores 238,452 tweets from official NATO and affiliated accounts, as well as more than 2,000 NATO texts, news statements, and publications since January 2014, presenting an unsupervised structural topic model (stm) analysis to investigate the main thematic and discursive contexts of these texts. The study finds that NATO’s threat discourse and securitization strategies are heavily influenced by the US’ political lexicon, and that the organization’s word choice changes based on their likelihood of mobilizing alliance resources and cohesion. In addition, the study suggests that the recent disinformation agenda is, in fact, a continuity of NATO’s long-standing Russia-focused securitization strategy and their attempt to mobilize the Baltic states and Poland in support of NATO’s mission.
Study of Experimental Vibration Due to Misalignment of Pulley-Belt in Rotary Machine
Authors: Yanto Asmara , Anrinal  , Saferi Rozi , Memori Zultri
Published: April 2022

This study aims to investigate the vibration of rotary machine due to misalignment of its pulley-belt, experimentally. Here, the rotary machine is driven by an AC motor with pulley-belt transmission that positioned on the outer portion of shaft-rotor. To generate vibration of rotary machine, pulley-belt is conditioned to have a combination of offset and angular misalignments. Offset misalignment variations are 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm and angular misalignment variations are 0ᵒ, 2ᵒ, 4ᵒ, and 6ᵒ. Vibration of rotary machine is measured on the bearing housing by use MEMS-based accelerometers. The measured signal of vibration acceleration is acquired with a data acquisition device to obtain vibration spectrum. From the investigation to vibration spectrum has been done, it can be concluded that vibration of rotary machine has characteristic with dominant frequencies at 1xRPM of shaft and at 1xRPM of motor. The vibration amplitude at 1xRPM of shaft is higher than the vibration amplitude at 1xRPM of motor. From this investigation, it is not possible to find differences in the characteristics of vibrations significantly that occur between vibrations due to offset misalignment, angular misalignment or their combination.
Experimental Study on Flight Time and Frame Toughness of Quadcopter Based on Waste Polystyrene Paper
Authors: Perdana Mastariyanto , Eru Putra Meiki , Septio Matrilindo Farid
Published: April 2022

Application of natural composite materials for aerial fields has been widely developed. One of the uses of natural composite materials for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) frame. In this study, waste polystyrene paper, bagasse powder and eggsheel powder was used for material of UAV frame. Type of UAV was made in this study is quadcopter. Addition of volume fraction of waste polystyene paper to 65 % in green composite material.  The aims this study was determine the flight time and toughness frame of quadcopter based on waste materials. This study showed that there was increase of quadcopter flight time with the addition of  waste polystyrene paper in composites up 65% by volume fraction. Addition of  waste polystyrene paper in composites up 65% by volume fraction, the results showed that the toughness frame of quadcopter was decreased. Photomacro was used to show the stucture and porosity of frame quadcopter based on natural composite material.
The Effect of Hold Time Variation in the Annealing Process To Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Austenitic Manganese Steel
Authors: Azmy Ilham , Daniel Saragih Albert
Published: April 2022

Manganese steel is a special alloy steel which has good mechanical properties, especially high ductility and toughness values. This steel has high work hardening capability so it will be easy to engineer. In industrial applications, this steel is susceptible to a decrease in the value of its mechanical properties such as the hardness value due to continuous loading. From these problems, a steel engineering process is needed in order to significantly improve the mechanical properties of steel so that it has good durability and lifetime. This study aims to determine the effect of holding time of heat annealing treatment process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of austenitic manganese steel. This research was conducted by heating the annealing process at a temperature of 1000 oC with four variations of holding time for 0, 40, 80, and 120 minutes. After the austenitic manganese steel specimen is heated for a certain time, it is then subjected to very high temperature cooling (in the furnace). The steel specimen is then prepared for metallographic testing and mechanical properties (hardness) testing. Metallographic testing is carried out to be able to analyze the microstructure formed in the austenitic manganese steel specimens after undergoing annealing process. From the metallography results, it was found that the effect of holding time on the annealing process affected carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries in the austenite matrix of manganese steel specimens. In the annealing process with a holding time of 80 minutes, the austenitic manganese steel showed a microstructure with perfect carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries so that this would have an effect on a significant increase in the hardness value. From the results of the hardness test, it was also found that the hardness value of steel specimens by annealing process for 80 minutes was 39.5 HRc. Thus, the effect of the optimal holding time of the annealing heat treatment process to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness value) is 80 minutes.
Modification of Hand Molding Flower Vase for Thermo Plastic Recycling
Authors: Yanel Karnova
Published: April 2022

Broadly speaking, plastics can be grouped into two groups, namely: thermoplast plastics and thermoset plastics. Thermoplast plastics are plastics that can be repeatedly printed in the presence of heat. Thermoplast plastics include: PE (Polyethilene), PP (Polypropylene), PS (Polystirene), ABS (Abutile Butadine Styrene), Nylon, PET (Polyethilene Terephthalete), POM (Polyacetal), PC (Polycarbonate) etc. Meanwhile, thermoset plastic is plastic which, if it has undergone certain conditions, cannot be reprinted because the polymer structure is in the form of a three-dimensional network. In making flower vases using hand molding tools, there are still shortcomings, such as during the melting process of plastic material, the heat given by the oil stove has not yet maximally spread the heat to the mold which causes the results to be not optimal. Besides, the heat given by the oil stove is not yet known by the operator. , because in the manufacture of flower vases have not used a controller to determine the temperature in the hand molding tool, the old mold results in the cylinder cannot be used for tensile testing. Therefore it is necessary to modify the hand molding tool. Based on the results of testing the tools that have been done, the following conclusions can be drawn: The product has a height of 16 cm, a thickness of 4 mm, a hand-molding tool can be a solution for reducing waste in the environment, plastic can be formed into a product that is valuable by processing it according to the temperature.
The Influence of the Side Rake Angle of the Cut on the Flat Turning Process to Flank Wear of HSS Cutting Tool
Authors: Anrinal  , Yanto Asmara , Nizam Khairun
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the effect of the side rake angle in the medium carbon steel flat turning process on the flank wear of the HSS cutting tool. This research was conducted using a PL 1000 lathe, cutting speed (Vc) 24 m/min, cutting depth 0.25 mm, feeding motion 0.26 mm/r, using an HSS cutting tool with side rake angle variations (γo) 120, 180, 250. Flank wear was measured using the Toolmaker Microscope with an accuracy of 0.005 mm, a clearance of 25 mm, and a magnification of 15 times. The results showed that the increase in side rake angle in the medium carbon steel flat lathe process tended to result in an increase in the flank wear of the HSS cutting tool. The large side cutting angle (250) has the highest wear value of 0.55 mm. The lowest wear value occurs at an angle of 120 with a wear of 0.49 mm.
Overview of Variable Refrigerant Flow Air Conditioning System
Authors: Rachman Arfidian
Published: April 2022

Variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning (VRF) systems are important and widely used in building energy systems around the world. The system is gradually gaining popularity in commercial and residential buildings due to its satisfactory partial load performance, flexible control, ease of installation and maintenance. Variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning (VRF) is a multi-split Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system that controls refrigerant flow to control separate zones for the needs of residential consumers and commercial buildings. The objective of this review is to identify VRF systems that affect various aspects of operation and performance. Special VRF components regulate refrigerant volume control for system performance and reliability. The findings show that specific testing through different compressor settings, electronic expansion valve (EEV) position, and airflow operation affects performance, thermal comfort and potential energy savings. The main conclusions drawn from this detailed review provide a comprehensive overview of VRF and inspire new insights and viable solutions for relevant researchers, product developers, practitioners and policy makers in this field. Previous experimental investigations will be more helpful in the future direction of progress as the development of an extensive VRF system is still in the main stages.
Design of a Semi-Inverse Taper Horizontal Blade Wind Turbine and Its Potential use at Gajah Beach Padang
Authors: Pratiwi Putri , Yurian Frizky
Published: April 2022

The development of the use of wind energy to produce electrical is still quite attractive, especially in developing country such as Indonesia. Padang City is an area located on the west coast of Indonesia and is influenced by west, southwest, northwest winds with low wind with speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 10 m/s. The purpose of this research is to design a blade that can rotate in that speed range. The blade designed is a semi-inverse taper with a chord ratio of 1:1,3, the length of the blade is 90 cm. The design showed that the highest peak was found at 51% at TSR 4.5. Assuming a maximum generator speed of 500 rpm and the range of wind speeds from 1 m/s to 12 m/s, it is known that the blades begin to rotate at 2.1 m/s, the maximum power is 1324 Watts when the wind speed is 12 m/s
The Effect of Electrode Moisture and Polarity On SMAW Welding of Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Hafni Hafni
Published: April 2022

Welding using moist electrodes and the choice of polarity is expected to affect the defects that usually arise in the welding results of ST 37 low carbon steel. To find out how big the influence of electrode humidity and polarity on defects in low carbon steel welding results, a study was carried out using fluid as an electrode moisturizing element. The electrode humidification process is carried out by allowing the electrodes to be contaminated by humidity for 3 days, 6 days and 9 days, before welding the base metal. After welding with these electrodes, metallographic testing is carried out to observe the macrostructure and microstructure of the welding results. From the test results, it is found that the humidity of the electrode does not affect the defects that arise in the welding results of low carbon steel as long as it does not damage the flux of the electrode.
Design and Structure Analysis of a CNC Laser Engraver Machine
Authors: Yanto Asmara , Anrinal  , Mandala Putra Irfan
Published: April 2022

This study aims to design a CNC machine to perform the laser engraving process (called the CNC Laser Engraver Machine). The design stage starts from the laser module unit as an input at the design stage of the 3-Axis CNC Machine to drive the laser. The main geometry of the machine is designed referred to the laser position i.e. workspace and laser height with respect to the engraving table. Then the geometry of the Z-Axis unidirectional laser drive unit is determined to assist when adjusting the laser height of the engraving table. Then the geometry of the laser drive unit in the direction of X-Axis and Y-Axis is designed to move on the engraving area, and then the geometry of the engraving table is designed. After the design is complete, the design is validated by analyzing the structure of the machine based on the conditions and workload of the machine to obtain the appropriate dimensions and materials. The design and structure analysis of the CNC Laser Engraver Machine is carried out by using the CAD software. The design results of the CNC Laser Engraver Machine consist of 5 units i.e. Laser Engraver Module Unit, Z-Axis Unit, X-Axis Unit, Y-Axis Unit and Engraving Table Unit which are mounted with a bolt system. This CNC Laser Engraver machine designed has a workspace of 310 mm x 390 mm in the X-Y plane with the laser height in the Z-Axis direction can be adjusted 10 mm to 60 mm above the engraving table. The total dimensions of this CNC Laser Engraver Machine are 585 mm x 533 mm x 350 mm with a total weight about 22 kg.
Propeller Turbine Design for Power Generation
Authors: Marfizal  , Sufiyanto  , Wardianto Dedi
Published: April 2022

The national electrification ratio is only 72.95%. As many as 27.05% of the territory in Indonesia has not been reached by electricity with various obstacles, one of which is because of the remote location so that access is difficult. One of the efforts to overcome the electricity problem is to take advantage of the potential energy sources around people's residences. One potential that might be used is a water energy source with low head and discharge. Ideally, this is done by using a generator system that uses a propeller type turbine. The difficulty of making propeller turbines is especially in the manufacture of housings and turbine blades. In this research, an attempt is made to simplify the turbine housing and turbine blades so that they are easy to manufacture. The design is made for Head (H) : 5 m Water flow (Q) : 0.11 m3/s Viscosity (ρ) : 998 kg/m3 Gravity (g) : 9.81 m/s2 Assumed hydraulic efficiency (ηh) : 0 ,80 Power (P) : 4,37 kW, Angle of attack (180o-β∞) 16o, Glide angle 55o, Thickness of inner blade(λ) 2,16o, Thickness of outer blade(δ) 2o. Simplification of the turbine housing is carried out by making the turbine housing from pipe iron and the simplification of the turbine blade is carried out by making turbine blades by eliminating the aerodynamic cross section of the blades, so that the blades can be made of steel plates without casting as is treated in aerodynamic sections. To see the effect of aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic cross-sectional shapes on efficiency, an efficiency test will be carried out.
Analysis of the Effectiveness of the Hardening Temper Process to increase M8 Bolt Strength
Authors: Anrinal  , Yanto Asmara , Kuswanto Dedi
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of the hardening-temper process on the strength of M8 bolts. The research was carried out through a hardening process with heating temperatures of  900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C, using a holding time of 15 minutes then quenched in aquadest cooling medium, then continued with a tempering process at the same tempering temperature of 400°C followed by cooling at room temperature. The torsional strength of the M8 bolt was obtained through torsional testing using the SM 1 MK II Torque Testing Machine. The results showed that the torsional strength of treated M8 bolts was lower than without treatment. Efforts to increase the torsional strength of M8 bolts with the hardening – tempering method are not recommended, because M8 bolts are made of low carbon steel which has low hardenability, so that the increase in torsional strength of M8 bolts is not significant.
Kinematic Design of Rice Seed Planting Tool Using Four Bars Linkage Mechanism
Authors: Saferi Rozi , Yanto Asmara , Aldi Putra M
Published: April 2022

Kinematics is the study of the relative motion of a component which includes the speed and acceleration of a machine without considering the causes of motion. The planting arm on the semi-mechanical rice seed planting tool works as a component of taking and planting rice into the soil. The planter arm is made using a four-bars linkage mechanism. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of kinematic parameters on the mechanism and to design the setting of planting depth by varying the length of the bars and calculating the speed and acceleration of the finger of the planter. The method used in this research is done analytically with GIM software application. The result of this research is the design of the dimensions of 4 bars linkage and the input value given to link 2 will affect the distance and depth of planting of rice using seed planting tool. Based on the dimensions and input values given, the planting depth is in the range of 83 mm so that it has met the required seedling planting criteria.
Manufacturing Technique of Aluminum Plate Waste Crusher
Authors: Abdurohim Imadudin , Prasetyo  , Daniel Saragih Albert
Published: April 2022

With the increase in the amount of unused aluminum plate waste every year, it can increase environmental damage if no preventive measures are taken, so it must be done processing the unused plate waste by recycling. One of the recycling processes is by destroying it before it is thawed. The plate crusher is designed to have dimensions (861 mm x 250 mm x 910 mm), with the main power being an electric motor of 0.5 HP (0.37 kW) and a motor shaft rotation of 1400 rpm. The type of knife used has dimensions of 100 mm x 10 mm which have a disc-like shape that has 4 cutting blades at each end. The tool is designed to use two rotating shafts with 10 crushing blades placed on each part of the shaft. The crusher is designed using the Solidworks Application.
Promoting students’ critical thinking skills through project-based learning in Indonesian higher education
Authors: Umam Amalul , Fauziah Zulfha Nurul
Published: April 2022

This research is focused on promoting students’ critical thinking skills through project-based learning. Thus, this study aims at (1) examining the idea of critical thinking, (2) discussing ways of improving critical thinking learners and (3) measuring learners' capacity of critical thinking using project-based learning approaches. This method of study is non-empirical by taking a qualitative approach to students' analytical thought and project-based learning perspectives. By incorporating this project-based learning, students can improve innovation and exercise criticism. By doing this study, we encourage other scholars to carry out research by means of project-based methods of learning.
Analysis of common pre-treatments in grain-size analysis (using a grain-size standard)
Authors: White Adam J. , Kienast Stephanie S. , Kienast Markus , Garwood Jessica C. , Hill Paul S.
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the impacts of sample preparation procedures on grain-size measurements to determine comparability of data collected using differing methodologies. Grain-size distributions of marine and terrestrial sediments contain important information about the depositional environment. For example, the “sortable-silt index” (or mean grain size between 10 and 63 μm in marine sediments, is used as an indicator of flow speed and has been applied to the reconstruction of ocean current strength before the instrumental period. Similarly, the mean grain size of a sediment is used to classify it (e.g., silt versus sand). Accurate measurements of grain-size distributions often require chemical pre-treatments in order to remove sedimentary components of biogenic origin (e.g., shells), and multiple ways to perform these pre-treatments exist. This study tests whether the choice of pre-treatment introduces variability into grain-size distributions. We simulate multiple commonly used pre-treatments on a well-characterized internal standard (“Sillikers”) and compare the resulting mean size and sortable-silt index in each treatment group to untreated samples using ANOVA. Two instruments, a Coulter Counter Multisizer III and a Coulter LS 230 Laser Diffraction Analyzer are used. Results from the Multisizer III suggest that the choice of pre-treatment method does not significantly impact the final grain-size distributions but underlines the importance of replicates. Results from the laser sizer suggest that oven-drying leads to a small but statistically significant difference of ∼ 0.3 μm in the sortable-silt index, and drying samples via hot plate leads to another small but statistically significant difference of ∼ 0.29 μm. While it is unclear what causes these differences in the laser sizer data, they are smaller than the observed variations in sortable-silt index used to infer changes in current speed in a typical paleoclimate study. In conclusion, grain-size measurements are a robust tool for sediment analysis and are resistant to changes from differing pre-treatment methods tested here.
Developments in Hydrocarbon Production Enhancement Aids Under High Temperature and High Salinity Conditions for Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Do Linh , Kazempour Mahdi , Harkness Kellen , Moradi Mehrnoosh , Street J. Paul
Published: April 2022

During hydraulic fracturing, a large amount of aqueous fluid is introduced into the formation (some cases > 500,000 bbls). This fluid becomes trapped within the fracture and formation, experiencing higher temperature (up to 150 ºC) and/or higher hardness and salinity (up to 300,000 ppm) with exposure to formation water and temperature. This process, which can include lengthy shut-ins, leads to formation damage through water blockage resulting in fracture conductivity impairment. This damage can be mitigated by the use of flowback aids which are stable to these conditions, enhancing fracture clean-up and thereby hydrocarbon production.

This study presents the development of novel formulations which are effective for fracture clean-up and production enhancement under harsh conditions. These flow improvers enhance the interfacial properties and relative permeability of crudes (collected from Eagle Ford, Permian, Bakken) up to 150 ºC and 300,000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS) over an extended period of time.

The stability to temperature and salinity of different flowback aid packages was evaluated in aging cells at 150 °C and 200 psi. The interfacial properties of flowback aids in brines with a range of TDS levels were examined at different temperature. The effect of the flowback aid treatment on the wettability of ground shale and proppant is also studied via imbibition and centrifuge drainage tests. Proppant regain permeability and modified fracture conductivity testing on split sandstone and shale cores with relatively low proppant loading (<1 lb/ft2) was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different flowback aid treatments. The results showed that the developed flowback aid packages have superior temperature and TDS tolerance compared to conventional surfactants. Relatively low performance loss due to surfactant adsorption on shale and proppant was achieved. The optimized flowback aids packages attained low interfacial tension values with Permian, Bakken crude oils, and Eagle Ford condensate over a wide range of temperature and TDS values. The high temperature and brine stability of the developed surfactant systems allow them to be used for fracturing or refracturing at high temperatures and with high TDS produced or flowback waters.

Novel/Additive: The result demonstrates that flowback aids with consistent interfacial property is critical in enhancing fracture conductivity, thereby improving hydrocarbon production.
Traumatic Bilateral Pars Fracture with Grade-I Spondylolisthesis Treated by Transforaminal (Trans Kambian) Endo Fusion under Epidural Analgesia: A Special Case Report
Authors: Sura Sukumar , Mallepally Abhinandan Reddy , Chamle Gaurav , Pagidimarry Naresh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Traumatic spine injuries are common in young and adult population with worlds incidence estimated annual rate in 10.4–130.6 cases per million [1]. We are presenting a case of traumatic bilateral pars fracture with Grade-I spondylolisthesis treated by Endoscopic Transforaminal (Trans Kambian) spine fusion, under epidural analgesia and neuromonitoring. To the best of our knowledge this is a unique scenario reported for the first time in literature. Lumbar fusion although considered as the gold standard for the degenerative spine disease and Spondylolisthesis, Endoscopic Transforaminal (Trans Kambian) lumbar fusion popularly known as Endofusion/Endo-TLIF (Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion) is a recent and effective minimally invasive option for certain cases. A 30-year male presented with severe low back pain and decreased sensations over dorsum of right foot after a fall of heavy metal pipe on his lower back. (VAS score 9/10). After thorough preop evaluation patient underwent Endoscopic Transforaminal (Trans Kambian) lumbar discectomy and fusion under epidural analgesia, with visualized endplate preparation. Specially designed Titanium Endo-bullet cage was inserted after percutaneous pedicle screw placement under neuromonitoring. Complete reduction of listhesis was achieved with near total relief in pain. Endoscopic TLIF ensures minimal tissue retraction and minimal alteration of the normal anatomy aiding in faster recovery and minimal blood loss. Patient was mobilized and discharged within 24 hours of surgery. We suggest Endo fusion is a safe and effective day care procedure for cases with traumatic bilateral pars fractures.
Using patient decision aids to inform decisions about cancer susceptibility genetic testing and risk management: A narrative review of impact and experience
Authors: Kohut Kelly , Morton Kate , Turner Lesley , Shepherd Jonathan , Fenerty Vicky , Woods Lois , Eccles Diana , Grimmett Chloe , Foster Claire
Published: April 2022

Objective
To evaluate how decision-support resources about taking up or interpreting genetic testing for hereditary cancer predispositions are experienced, and impact on cognitive or emotional outcomes.
Methods
A systematic review of quantitative, qualitative and mixed-methods studies involving adults with or without cancer who used an intervention to inform decisions about any cancer susceptibility genetic test or screening/risk-reducing options due to a known pathogenic gene variant. Interventions could be digital or paper-based and included information, education, risk presentation and decision-support resources. Study findings were summarised using narrative synthesis.
Results
Thirty-six publications describing 27 interventions were included. Interventions had a positive impact on experience and cognitive, emotional, and behavioural outcomes. None appeared to cause harm.
Conclusions
Decision-support resources should be used to complement the cancer genetic counselling patient pathway. These should be rigorously developed according to evidence-based frameworks and in collaboration with patients.
Control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes on pasture in the tropical semiarid region of Brazil, using Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans)
Authors: Rodrigues Jossiara Abrante , Roque Francisco Leonardo , Lima Brendo Andrade , Filho Geraldo Moreira Silva , Oliveira Clarisse Silva Menezes , Sousa Luana Carneiro , Silva Ana Luzia Peixoto , Lima Estefany Ferreira , Feitosa Thais Ferreira , Braga Fábio Ribeiro , Araújo Jackson Victor , Vilela Vinícius Longo Ribeiro
Published: April 2022

We aimed to evaluate a Brazilian commercial formulation of the fungus Duddingtonia flagrans (Bioverm®) for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep kept on native pasture in the Caatinga biome, in the semiarid region of Brazil. Twenty ewes, aged between 12 and 18 months, were divided into two groups. In the treated group, each animal received 1 g of the Bioverm® product for each 10 kg of live weight, daily, together with commercial feed, for six months. In the control group, the animals received feed without Bioverm®. Each group remained throughout the experiment in a 1.2 ha paddock. Monthly counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG), fecal cultures, packed cell volume (PCV), weight measurements and collection of leaf mass from the pasture were performed. There was greater reduction in EPG, greater weight gain and less infestation by infective larvae in the paddock of the Bioverm® group, compared with the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in the mean PCV percentage between the Bioverm® and control groups. In coprocultures, Haemonchus sp. was the most prevalent helminth. Bioverm® (D. flagrans) was efficient for biological control of sheep gastrointestinal nematodes in the semiarid region of Brazil.
Human Milk Feeding Is Associated With Slower Growth and Different Body Proportionality at Discharge in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Garcia Sandra Salas , Renau Montserrat Izquierdo , Vázquez Debora Cañizo , Iglesias-Platas Isabel
Published: April 2022

Background
Benefits of human milk (HM) are well established in premature infants but might associate slower somatic growth during admission. Body ratios could be used as a proxy for body composition.
Methods
This single center, observational, retrospective cohort study compares the effect of predominant HM (group 1, ≥ 75% of HM, n = 151) or not (group 2, < 75%, n = 50) during the first 28 days of life on growth and body ratios at discharge in very preterm infants (VPI).
Results
Weight z-score (-1.63 ± 0.9 vs -0.89 ± 1, p < 0.0001), length z-score (-1.57 ± 1.4 vs -0.95 ± 1.3, p = 0.007) and head circumference (HC) z-score (-0.55 ± 1.3 vs -0.11 ± 1.0, p = 0.025) at discharge were lower in group 1. Fall in z-score in weight from birth to discharge (-1.84 ± 0.8 vs -1.03 ± 0.7, p < 0.0001) and prevalence of postnatal growth failure (PGF) at 36 weeks PMA (73.6% vs 25.6%, p = < 0.0001) were also higher in group 1. Weight/length ratio at discharge was lower in group 1 (4.94 ± 0.6 vs 5.17 ± 0.5, p = 0.022) and the relation of HC z-score compared to weight z-score at discharge was higher in group 1 (1.16 ± 1.0 vs 0.78 ± 0.9, p 0.022).
Conclusions
VPI fed predominantly HM showed slower growth during admission, when compared to those that received a greater amount of formula and had lower markers of adiposity at discharge. Head-to-body proportionality was asymmetric and cephalic growth seemed to be particularly preserved.
MHCII contributes to bone cancer pain via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia of the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Wei , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Gong Zhihao , Tian Mi , Zhang Yuxin , Wu Jingxiang , You Xingji
Published: April 2022

As one of the causes of bone cancer pain (BCP), central hyperalgesia has more and more supporting evidence recently. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is implicated in emotional disorders associated with BCP. Major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is a key component in regulating anti-inflammatory response and antigen presentation. This study aims to investigate whether MHCII of the mPFC participates in the BCP. The rat model of BCP was established by injecting Walker 256 cells into the tibia. BCP-induced decreased pain threshold, increased the expression of MHCII and the downstream protein CTSS, CD74 and upstream protein CIITA in mPFC, and the upregulation of MHCII was mainly observed in the mPFC microglia. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of MHCII in mPFC by intraperitoneal injecting minocycline provides relief from BCP. Importantly, the upregulation of MHCII is accompanied by significant NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α) released in the mPFC of BCP rats. Taken together, our data suggest that MHCII participates in BCP by activating NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia of the mPFC.
Comparing family health before and after a family-focused nutrition program during the pandemic
Authors: Mahoney Margaret Rose , Sommer Evan , Popescu Filoteia , Adams Laura E , Barkin Shari
Published: April 2022

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected child health behaviors (e.g., diet and exercise), leading to worse physical health. Studies demonstrate the importance of good family health in improved child health outcomes. This secondary cohort analysis tested the hypothesis that family health, parent and child nutrition, and food insecurity would improve from baseline to 12-week follow-up after participation in a novel home-based family nutrition program.
Methods
Diverse parent-child dyads participated in a randomized controlled trial where all families received a home-based Teaching Kitchen Outreach (TKO) program (11 weekly healthy, low-cost recipes, cooking videos, and associated groceries delivered), and half were randomly assigned to also receive virtual coaching. The primary outcome was the Family Healthy Lifestyle Subscale (FHLS). Secondary outcomes were parent and child nutrition, and food insecurity. Paired t-tests, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tests, and a McNemar’s chi-squared test compared pre-post outcomes, and a multilevel mixed-effects tobit regression model assessed pre-post FHLS, after adjusting for baseline covariates.
Results
Of 123 enrolled dyads, 114 (93%) had sufficient data for analysis. Participants were 11% Hispanic, 54% Black, and 28% White; 31% completed high school or less; and 30% indicated food insecurity. Cohort mean pre-post FHLS scores significantly increased (25.5 vs. 27.3; p < 0.001), and there were significant improvements in parent nutrition (p < 0.001) and child nutrition (p = 0.02 to < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline covariates, the tobit regression model found statistically significant pre-post FHLS differences (2.3; 95% CI=[1.4, 3.3]; p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Participants in the novel home-based TKO program reported improved family health over 12 weeks.
Farm Management and Economic Factors Associated with Bulk Tank Total Bacterial Count in Holstein Dairy Herds in Iran
Authors: Soleimani-Rahimabad Fatemeh , Sadeghi-Sefidmazgi Ali , Pakdel Abbas , Rahbar Rabea , Bewley Jeffry
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this research were (1) to study different factors affecting milk total bacterial count (TBC) and (2) to estimate economic values associated with TBC in Holstein dairy herds in Iran. The relationships between bulk tank TBC and farm management and economic factors were examined on 56 randomly selected intensive dairy farms. Herd management factors associated with bulk tank TBC were determined using mixed linear models. The average natural logarithm of bulk tank TBC was the dependent variable. Also, a quadratic equation was developed for economic analyses (penalties and bonuses) associated with TBC. The median bulk tank TBC for the sample herds was 298,930 cfu/mL ranging from 80,880 to 1,185,350 cfu/mL. The average economic premium opportunity from bulk tank TBC was US$ 1.32 per ton of milk ranging from US$ 0.02 per ton of milk for herds applying wet tissue as teat cleaning material and washing the water troughs three times per day to US$ 5.20 per ton of milk for herds with dirty barns. Results showed that the following management factors were associated with low TBC and high economic bonus: herd size, bedding material, presence of vet, milk delivery to the processor multiple times per day, water quality control, frequency of cleaning water troughs, barn hygiene, udder washing material, teat cleaning material, having a hospital pen, frequency of calving area disinfection, education level of workers and material of milking parlor wall. In conclusion, our findings highlight the need to pay more attention to farm management and economic factors to reduce milk TBC in Iran.
Biochars prepared from biogas residues: Temperature is a crucial factor that determines their physicochemical properties
Authors: Cong Ping , Song Shuhui , Song Wenjing , Dong Jianxin , Yang Jinguang , Zheng Xuebo
Published: April 2022

The quantity of biogas residues is continually increasing and causing a great threat to the environmental protection and sustainable development of bio-natural gas engineering. This study concentrated on evaluating the feasibility of biochar production using various biogas residues. The feedstock of the anaerobic digestion was sewage sludge (SR), spent mushroom compost (MR), wheat straw (STR) and distillers’ grains (DL). Biogas residue collected from the above biogas plants was applied to prepare biochars at different temperatures (300°C, 500°C and 700°C). The results showed that the biochar yield ranged from 45.13–66.42% at 300°C, 34.13–51.50% at 500°C, and 30.33–47.06% at 700°C. The C content in STR- and DL-biochar increased under higher temperatures; this was due to the loss of –OH functional surface groups as a result of dehydration and the decomposition of nitrogen-functional groups. With increasing temperature, the P and K contents, pH, specific surface area (SSA) and pore volume increased. The functional groups of the STR-biochar decreased significantly, and the aromatic compounds were decomposed. The biochar (except SR-biochar) structures were more stable under high temperature. The morphological structure of DL-biochar at 700°C was the most stable. The SSA at 700°C increased 11.98- to 33.43-fold compared with that at 300°C. The total pore volume at 700°C increased 2.22 to 10.25 times that at 300°C. Overall, based on the principal component analysis, the biochar derived from wheat straw biogas residue exhibited the best performance regarding its physicochemical properties.
Knowledge of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections and place of delivery among urban women in South-West Nigeria.
Authors: Olufadewa Isaac , Adesina Miracle , Oladele Ruth , Ayorinde Toluwase
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Knowledge of HIV and other STIs and their complications and attitude toward sexual health are important in planning preventive and treatment strategies. Although STIs pose serious risks to health security especially to women, there is a dearth of literature quantifying the knowledge of HIV and STIs among women in Nigeria. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of HIV and other STIs and its association with the choice of place of delivery among urban women in south west Nigeria.Methodology: National Demographic Survey (DHS) use largely standardized questionnaires and methodologies and cover a range of topics. The surveys are nationally representative and include men and women aged 15–49 years old and children under the age of 5 years residing in non-institutional settings. The 2018 NDHS survey data for women only was used for this study. The outcome variable was knowledge of HIV and other sexually transmitted infection while the explanatory variable was location of most recent childbirth. Following descriptive analysis was conducted using proportions and frequency. Chi-square (χ2) test and binary logistic regression analysis were conducted to establish association between variables. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.Result: Four thousand six hundred and four (4604) women were surveyed, 33.1% were between 30 – 39 years of age with a mean age of 34.4±9.4, 50.9% had secondary education, 58.6% were married, 43.8% had 1 – 3 children, 47.8% and 48.2% had their first and second delivery at a public health facility. Some (21.9%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases while 78.1% had good knowledge. Age, level of education, marital status, and partners level of education were significantly associated with knowledge of HIV and other STIs. Women between 30-39 years of age and had secondary school education were 1.7 times and 2.6 time more likely to have knowledge of HIV and other STIs respectively (OR=1.737; p<0.001; CI=1.402 - 2.153; OR=2.604; p<0.001; CI=1.934 - 3.507). Statistically significant association between knowledge of HIV and place of birth. Women who delivered their first child in public healthcare facilities were 1.7 times more likely to have good knowledge of HIV and STIs (OR=1.674; p<0.001; CI=1.233 - 2.275). Conclusion: Women education is an important factor for knowledge of HIV and other STIs which is also associated with choice of place of delivery. To bridge the gap in the knowledge of HIV among urban women, it is essential to implement more educational programmes specifically targeted at less educated women in urban regions of Nigeria to increase the knowledge on HIV and other STIs.
Controlled release of vitamin D 3 using a nanocellulose-based membrane
Authors: Colturato Pedro L. , Goveia Danielle
Published: April 2022

Background: Epidemiological studies show that a significant fraction of the global population presents low levels of vitamin D3. In order to address this problem, one way to administer the vitamin is to incorporate it in novel drug delivery systems, such as transdermal devices. A possible substance for this purpose is cellulose, which has a long history of use in the health area. However, the application of nanostructured cellulose membranes, as local drug delivery systems, remains a challenge.Objective: To develop a crystalline nanocellulose membrane as a new tool for the release of vitamin D3.Methods: A new nanostructured membrane containing nanocellulose extracted from cotton linter and vitamin D3 was produced using the “casting” technique. The membrane was characterized using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The kinetics of vitamin release was quantified using molecular spectroscopy (UV-Vis).Results: The FT-IR spectra showed the presence of all the active components in the membrane sample, without structural alterations or the formation of new bonds. The FEG-SEM images showed the presence of vitamin crystals on the surface and in the interior of the membrane. The release of vitamin D3 occurred in a sustained manner, obtaining 3,029 IU mL-1 of vitamin D3 in 60 min.Conclusions: The findings demonstrated that the membrane could be used for the sustained release of vitamin D3. This new biomaterial has potential as a new model for vitamin supplementation in individuals with vitamin D3 deficiency.