bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amino acid transporter mutants of Arabidopsis provides evidence that a non‐mycorrhizal plant acquires organic nitrogen from agricultural soil
Authors: Ganeteg Ulrika , Ahmad Iftikhar , Jämtgård Sandra , Aguetoni‐Cambui Camila , Inselsbacher Erich , Svennerstam Henrik , Schmidt Susanne , Näsholm Torgny
Published: December 2016

Although organic nitrogen (N) compounds are ubiquitous in soil solutions, their potential role in plant N nutrition has been questioned. We performed a range of experiments on Arabidopsis thaliana genetically modified to enhance or reduce root uptake of amino acids. Plants lacking expression of the Lysine Histidine Transporter 1 (LHT1) displayed significantly lower contents of 13C and 15N label and of U‐13C5,15N2 L‐glutamine, as determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry when growing in pots and supplied with dually labelled L‐glutamine compared to wild type plants and LHT1‐overexpressing plants. Slopes of regressions between accumulation of 13C‐labelled carbon and 15N‐labelled N were higher for LHT1‐overexpressing plants than wild type plants, while plants lacking expression of LHT1 did not display a significant regression between the two isotopes. Uptake of labelled organic N from soil tallied with that of labelled ammonium for wild type plants and LHT1‐overexpressing plants but was significantly lower for plants lacking expression of LHT1. When grown on agricultural soil plants lacking expression of LHT1 had the lowest, and plants overexpressing LHT1 the highest C/N ratios and natural δ15N abundance suggesting their dependence on different N pools. Our data show that LHT1 expression is crucial for plant uptake of organic N from soil.
Early‐onset Preeclampsia in Lupus Pregnancy
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Nguyen Cathina , Svenungsson Elisabet , Wikström Anna‐Karin , Palmsten Kristin , Salmon Jane E.
Published: December 2016

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that occurs during childbearing years and has been associated with preeclampsia. However, little is known about preeclampsia of early onset, which is associated with severe adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Methods

Using national population‐based Swedish registers we identified women with SLE (≥2 visits with corresponding ICD codes) and a sample without SLE who gave birth to singleton infants 2001–12. Risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for early‐onset preeclampsia (defined by ICD codes corresponding to preeclampsia registered at <34 weeks) in SLE women were calculated based on adjusted modified Poisson models for first, subsequent, and all pregnancies.

Result

Among 742 births to women with SLE and 10 484 births to non‐SLE women, there were 32 (4.3%) and 55 (0.5%) diagnoses of early‐onset preeclampsia respectively. SLE was associated with an increased risk of early‐onset preeclampsia (RR 7.8, 95% CI 4.8, 12.9, all pregnancies). The association remained similar upon restriction to women without pregestational hypertension. Adjustment for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)‐proxy attenuated the association. RRs for early‐onset preeclampsia were smaller for subsequent pregnancies (RR 4.7, 95% CI 2.0, 11.2) compared to first and all (see above).

Conclusion

Women with SLE are at increased risk of early‐onset preeclampsia and this increased risk may be independent of the traditional risk factors such as pregestational hypertension, APS, BMI, or smoking. Women with SLE during pregnancy should be closely monitored for early‐onset preeclampsia and future research needs to identify the non‐traditional preeclampsia factors that might cause this serious outcome.
Malate secretion from the root system is an important reason for higher resistance of Miscanthus sacchariflorus to cadmium
Authors: Guo Haipeng , Feng Xue , Hong Chuntao , Chen Houming , Zeng Fanrong , Zheng Bingsong , Jiang Dean
Published: December 2016

Miscanthus is a vigorous perennial Gramineae genus grown throughout the world as a promising bioenergy crop and generally regarded as heavy metal tolerant due to its ability to absorb heavy metals. However, little is known about the mechanism for heavy metal tolerance in Miscanthus. In this study, two Miscanthus species (Miscanthus sacchariflorus and Miscanthus floridulus) exhibiting different cadmium (Cd) sensitivity were used to address the mechanisms of Cd tolerance. Under the same Cd stress, M. sacchariflorus showed higher Cd tolerance with better growth and lower Cd accumulation in both shoots and roots than M. floridulus. The malate (MA) content significantly increased in root exudates of M. sacchariflorus following Cd treatment while it was almost unchanged in M. floridulus. Cellular Cd analysis and flux data showed that exogenous MA application markedly restricted Cd influx and accumulation while an anion‐channel inhibitor (phenylglyoxal) effectively blocked Cd‐induced MA secretion and increased Cd influx in M. sacchariflorus, indicating that MA secretion could alleviate Cd toxicity by reducing Cd uptake. The genes of malate dehydrogenases (MsMDHs) and Al‐activated malate transporter 1 (MsALMT1) in M. sacchariflorus were highly upregulated under Cd stress, compared with that in M. floridulus. The results indicate that Cd‐induced MA synthesis and secretion efficiently alleviate Cd toxicity by reducing Cd influx in M. sacchariflorus.
Asymmetries between victims' and transgressors' perspectives following interpersonal transgressions
Authors: Adams Gabrielle S.
Published: December 2016

When interpersonal transgressions occur, the involved parties try to understand what occurred and how justice should be restored. However, research has documented that victims and transgressors often diverge in their accounts of what transpired. In this paper, I review and summarize empirical research on victims' and transgressors' asymmetric perceptions of interpersonal transgressions and the different justice‐restoring responses each party subsequently desires. By conceptualizing transgressions in terms of the social roles of victim and transgressor, I contend that justice responses can be thought of as attempts to correct inequitable distributions of material and symbolic resources. This social exchange perspective enables us to understand each party's motives and how various justice responses might satisfy them. I argue that because of these asymmetric perspectives, reconciliation is difficult, and conflict is liable to be perpetuated rather than resolved.
Cultural difference, inside and out
Authors: Morling Beth
Published: December 2016

Cultural psychologists study the extent to which human psychological experience is shaped by our participation in sociocultural practices, meanings, and products. Cultural psychologists document cultural differences both inside the head (in the form of emotions, cognitions, or motivations) and outside the head (in the form of public behaviors, cultural products, or institutions). Because cultural psychologists argue that culture and psyche “make each other up,” it is appropriate to study cultural difference at many loci—not just the traditional psychological areas in which many of us were trained. In this article, I describe cultural psychological evidence based on its social visibility and tangible nature. One category is collected on private, intangible, inside‐the‐head activities such as emotions, values, or motives. Another category, social interactions and behavioral performances, is intangible, public, and outside the head and includes how people talk to each other and how they walk, drive, or dress. A third category contains cultural products, which are tangible, public, and outside the head; it includes texts, websites, advertising, art, and architecture. These varying loci of cultural psychology allow us to appropriately document cultural differences and also allow us to study how humans are shaped by, and participate in recreating, their cultural contexts.
Completeness and classification correctness of features on topographic maps: An analysis of the estonian basic map
Authors: Mõisja Kiira , Oja Tõnu , Uuemaa Evelyn , Hastings Jordan T.
Published: December 2016

In an increasingly GIS‐literate world, the availability of quality topographic maps and map databases is critical for the numerous users of spatial data. Particularly governmental agencies, first responders, and utility and transportation services, rely on the completeness and classification correctness of these maps. Estonia has systematically updated its topographic Basic Map in digital form over the past 15 years. An analysis of the Estonian production process in the period 2003‐2006 provides a useful case study of both error types and error frequencies encountered in topographic mapping. Errors of completeness and classification correctness of topographic features are analyzed at two levels of specificity: in general, across all map sheets, and in detail according to the field‐workers who performed the mapping. The structure of errors at the two levels was different by geometry and error types; however, both systematic and individual errors were evident. The systematic errors indicated a need for revision and improvement of the data capture specifications, which was accomplished. The individual errors were addressed by additional training for the field‐workers involved.
Use of mycophenolate mofetil to treat immune‐mediated skin disease in 14 dogs – a retrospective evaluation
Authors: Ackermann Amanda L. , May Elizabeth R. , Frank Linda A.
Published: December 2016

Background

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is a lymphocytotoxic immunosuppressive agent used in human and companion animal medicine for the treatment of immune‐mediated disease. Mycophenolate mofetil is reported to have reduced myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity when compared to azathioprine.

Objectives

It was hypothesized that treatment with MMF as a secondary agent with glucocorticoids would be effective in treating immune‐mediated skin disease. In addition, adverse effects associated with the drug are reported.

Animals

Fourteen dogs from a hospital population diagnosed with immune‐mediated skin disease.

Methods

A retrospective review of medical records from 2010 to 2015 was used to identify dogs with immune‐mediated skin disease that were treated with MMF.

Results

All dogs were treated with MMF (mean dose 14.7 mg/kg twice daily) in conjunction with glucocorticoids. Ten of 14 cases showed positive results, with complete remission in eight cases and partial remission in two cases. Mean time to remission was 5.7 weeks. Therapy was discontinued in one case (perianal fistula) due to lack of response. Adverse events were noted in six cases and included diarrhoea (n = 6), haematochezia (n = 2), vomiting (n = 3) and papilloma formation (n = 1). Therapy was discontinued in two cases with diarrhoea. Mycophenolate mofetil was discontinued in an additional case because of a diagnosis of neoplasia. All other adverse events were self‐limiting or easily medically managed. No hepatotoxicity or bone marrow suppression was noted.

Conclusion

This study supports the use of MMF as a second‐line immunotherapeutic in immune‐mediated skin disease in dogs.
Brezzi-Pitkaranta stabilization and a priori error analysis for the Stokes Control
Authors: Cibik Aytekin , Yilmaz Fikriye
Published: December 2016

In this study, we consider a Brezzi-Pitkaranta stabilization scheme for the optimal control problem governed by stationary Stokes equation, using a P1-P1 interpolation for velocity and pressure. We express the stabilization as extra terms added to the discrete variational form of the problem.  We first prove the stability of the finite element discretization of the problem. Then, we derive a priori error bounds for each variable and present a numerical example to show the effectiveness of the stabilization clearly.
Thigmomorphogenesis: changes in morphology, biochemistry, and levels of transcription in response to mechanical stress inAcacia koa
Authors: Ishihara Kazue L. , Lee Eric K.W. , Borthakur Dulal
Published: December 2016

Acacia koa A. Gray, an economically important timber-wood tree growing in the Hawaiian Islands, is affected by many environmental stresses, including drought, strong wind, heavy rain, and infection by fungal pathogens. Previous studies have shown that some morphological and biochemical changes that take place as a result of environmental stresses in plants can be also induced by mechanical stresses such as touching and bending. We studied morphological and biochemical changes and levels of gene transcription in A. koa plants due to mechanical stress. For a mechanical stress treatment, A. koa seedlings were gently bent in four cardinal directions daily for 2–6 months, after which morphological and biochemical changes were quantified. The stressed A. koa had significantly increased stem diameter, number of xylem cells, and anthocyanin and lignin contents and significantly reduced stem length. The gene expression analyses showed that 53 genes, including the genes for calcium signaling, ethylene biosynthesis, abscisic acid degradation, stress-related transcriptional regulation, and disease resistance, were induced more than twofold within 10–60 min following mechanical stress. The observation that the genes for disease resistance such as NBS-LRR can be induced by mechanical stress suggests that strong wind and rain in the natural forest may also induce disease resistance in trees.
Spring emergence of Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina): influences of individual variation and scale of temperature correlates
Authors: DeGregorio Brett A. , Tuberville Tracey D. , Kennamer Robert A. , Harris Bess B. , Brisbin I. Lehr
Published: December 2016

Many organisms spend considerable time in dormancy to avoid stressful environmental conditions. Understanding the timing and triggers of dormancy behavior is critical for understanding an animal’s life history and behavior. Eastern Box Turtles (Terrapene carolina (L., 1758)) avoid winter temperatures by burrowing into the soil and remaining dormant. Identifying the proximate environmental cues that trigger emergence can improve conservation efforts by reducing potential aboveground turtle mortality. During a 17-year study, half of all variation in emergence timing was attributed to individual variation and the habitat that they occupied during dormancy. We suggest that individual variation in emergence timing is common within populations and confounds efforts to identify reliable emergence cues. Additionally, the scale of meteorological data limits the ability to identify emergence predictors. Using data from temperature loggers placed at dormancy locations, we found that surface air temperatures, averaged over the 5 days prior to emergence, were more strongly related to emergence probability than any variables derived from local weather stations. Turtles generally did not emerge from dormancy until the 5-day mean surface temperatures measured at dormancy sites reached approximately 15 °C. Our results suggest that individuals respond differently to environmental thresholds for emergence and individuals may be characterized as risk-taking or risk-aversive.
Elevating Xi Jinping to the "Core" of Chinese Leadership
Authors: GORE Lance L P
Published: December 2016

Xi Jinping has become a controversial figure as to the direction he is taking China. The effort to "canonise" Xi to the "core" leadership had unnerved many. Xi’s effort to upgrade himself to "core" status symbolises his quest for personal power on top of the institutional power he has already amassed. It is indicative of a crisis of governance resulting from a demoralised cadre corps and an intensified power struggle within the regime.
Xi Jinping Reshuffles Provincial Leadership in China
Authors: CHEN Gang
Published: December 2016

With recent reshuffles at the provincial level, Chinese President Xi Jinping has been consolidating power in preparation for the 19th Party Congress in 2017. Since early 2016, more than 40 political stars have been promoted or transferred to new provincial posts. Only the party chiefs and governors of Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Guangdong and Tibet have retained their positions since 2013. Substantial changes to the leadership in these regions are expected before the 19th Party Congress.
China’s Innovation-Driven Development under Xi Jinping
Authors: ZHAO Litao
Published: December 2016

Innovation-driven development is the hallmark strategy of the Xi Jinping leadership. At the National Conference on Science and Technology in May 2016, Xi announced a three-step road map for China’s innovation-driven development. The first is to build China into an innovative nation by 2020; the second is to move China to the forefront of innovative countries by 2030; and the third is to make China an innovation power by 2050.
China to Curtail Local Government Debt
Authors: LIN Shuanglin
Published: December 2016

In 2014, China’s total government debt was an estimated 60% of gross domestic product (GDP), close to the upper limit set by the European Union. The Xi administration has set budget deficit at 3% of GDP for 2016 and announced that government budget revenue will grow only 3.2% in 2016! It has also recently abolished local government financing vehicles, legalised local government bond issuing in 2014 and started "the debt swap" reform.
Sparse Antenna Array Design for MIMO Radar Using Multiobjective Differential Evolution
Authors: Chen Zhi-Kun , Yan Feng-Gang , Qiao Xiao-Lin , Zhao Yi-Nan
Published: December 2016

A two-stage design approach is proposed to address the sparse antenna array design for multiple-input multiple-output radar. In the first stage, the cyclic algorithm (CA) is used to establish a covariance matrix that satisfies the beam pattern approximation for a full array. In the second stage, a sparse antenna array with a beam pattern is designed to approximate the desired beam pattern. This paper focuses on the second stage. The optimization problem for the sparse antenna array design aimed at beam pattern synthesis is formulated, where the peak side lobe (PSL) is weakly constrained by the mean squared error. To solve this optimization problem, the differential evolution (DE) algorithm with multistrategy is introduced and PSL suppression is treated as an inequality constraint. However, in doing so, a new multiobjective optimization problem is created. To address this new problem, a multiobjective differential evolution algorithm based on Pareto technique is proposed. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach over state-of-the-art methods, including DE and genetic algorithm.
Early Administration of Glutamine Protects Cardiomyocytes from Post-Cardiac Arrest Acidosis
Authors: Lin Yan-Ren , Li Chao-Jui , Syu Shih-Han , Wen Cheng-Hao , Buddhakosai Waradee , Wu Han-Ping , Hsu Chen Cheng , Lu Huai-En , Chen Wen-Liang
Published: December 2016

Postcardiac arrest acidosis can decrease survival. Effective medications without adverse side effects are still not well characterized. We aimed to analyze whether early administration of glutamine could improve survival and protect cardiomyocytes from postcardiac arrest acidosis using animal and cell models. Forty Wistar rats with postcardiac arrest acidosis (blood pH < 7.2) were included. They were divided into study (500 mg/kg L-alanyl-L-glutamine,n=20) and control (normal saline,n=20) groups. Each of the rats received resuscitation. The outcomes were compared between the two groups. In addition, cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells were exposed to HBSS with different pH levels (7.3 or 6.5) or to culture medium (control). Apoptosis-related markers and beating function were analyzed. We found that the duration of survival was significantly longer in the study group (p<0.05). In addition, in pH 6.5 or pH 7.3 HBSS buffer, the expression levels of cell stress (p53) and apoptosis (caspase-3, Bcl-xL) markers were significantly lower in cardiomyocytes treated with 50 mM L-glutamine than those without L-glutamine (RT-PCR). L-glutamine also increased the beating function of cardiomyocytes, especially at the lower pH level (6.5). More importantly, glutamine decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased these cells’ beating function at a low pH level.
Sulfonated Magnetic Nanocomposite Based on Reactive PGMA-MAn Copolymer@Fe3O4 Nanoparticles: Effective Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hasanzadeh Reza , Moghadam Peyman Najafi , Bahri-Laleh Naeimeh , Zare Ehsan Nazarzadeh
Published: December 2016

Chelating magnetic nanocomposites have been considered as suitable materials for removal of heavy metal ions for water treatment. In this work poly(glycidyl methacrylate-maleic anhydride) copolymer (PGMA-MAn) is modified with 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (ABSAc) and subsequently the product reacted with modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles and 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation for preparation of tridimensional chelating magnetic nanocomposite. Synthesized magnetic nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), elemental mapping analysis (EMA), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption behavior of Cu(II) ions was investigated by synthesized nanocomposite in various parameters such as pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The equilibrium distribution coefficient (kd) was determined and the findings prove that the kd value is approximately high in the case of all selected metal ions. The synthesized nanocomposite exhibited good tendency for removing Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions even at an acidic pH.
Effect of Cycloplegia on Keratometric and Biometric Parameters in Keratoconus
Authors: Polat Nihat , Gunduz Abuzer
Published: December 2016

Purpose.To obtain information about effect of cycloplegia on keratometry and biometry in keratoconus.Methods.48 keratoconus (Group 1) and 52 healthy subjects (Group 2) were included in the study. We measured the flat meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K1), steep meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K2), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) using the Lenstar LS 900 before and after cycloplegia.Results.The median K1 in Group 1 was 45.64 D before and 45.42 D after cycloplegia, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The median K2 in Group 1 was 50.96 D before and 50.17 D after cycloplegia, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). The median K1 and K2 in Group 2 were 42.84 and 44.49 D, respectively, before cycloplegia, and 42.84 and 44.56 D after cycloplegia, and the differences were not statistically significant (allP>0.05). There were significant differences in SE, LT, ACD, and RLP between before and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (allP<0.05) or Group 2 (allP<0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in AL between before cycloplegia and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (P=0.533) or group 2 (P=0.529).Conclusions.Flattened corneal curvature and increase in ACD following cycloplegia in keratoconus patients were detected.
Decompression of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report of 4-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Maniglia-Ferreira Claudio , Gomes Fabio de Almeida , Vitoriano Marcelo de Morais , Lima Francisco de Assis Silva
Published: December 2016

This case report described the endodontic treatment and decompression of an extensive lesion in the anterior region of the mandible, detected during clinical and radiographic examination, in a patient with a complaint of slight tenderness to palpation in the area of mandibular right lateral incisor and canine. These teeth had been accessed without proper clinical evaluation, and their pulp tissues were exposed. The periodontal tissues were healthy, with no signs of inflammation or fistula. On radiographic examination, a radiolucent lesion with well-defined borders was seen extending from the distal root of mandibular left second premolar to the mesial root of mandibular right second premolar. Central and lateral mandibular left incisors were unresponsive to thermal pulp testing and exhibited coronal discoloration, consistent with a diagnosis of pulp necrosis. Due to persistent discharge from the root canal system during endodontic procedures despite application of intracanal medicament (calcium hydroxide paste), the decision was made to biopsy and decompress the lesion and conclude endodontic treatment. Histopathologic examination revealed a periapical granuloma. After endodontic treatment of the involved teeth, at 4-year clinical and radiographic follow-up, the affected region was almost completely repaired.
Dynamic Resource Allocation with Integrated Reinforcement Learning for a D2D-Enabled LTE-A Network with Access to Unlicensed Band
Authors: Asheralieva Alia , Miyanaga Yoshikazu
Published: December 2016

We propose a dynamic resource allocation algorithm for device-to-device (D2D) communication underlying a Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) network with reinforcement learning (RL) applied for unlicensed channel allocation. In a considered system, the inband and outband resources are assigned by the LTE evolved NodeB (eNB) to different device pairs to maximize the network utility subject to the target signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. Because of the absence of an established control link between the unlicensed and cellular radio interfaces, the eNB cannot acquire any information about the quality and availability of unlicensed channels. As a result, a considered problem becomes a stochastic optimization problem that can be dealt with by deploying a learning theory (to estimate the random unlicensed channel environment). Consequently, we formulate the outband D2D access as a dynamic single-player game in which the player (eNB) estimates its possible strategy and expected utility for all of its actions based only on its own local observations using a joint utility and strategy estimation based reinforcement learning (JUSTE-RL) with regret algorithm. A proposed approach for resource allocation demonstrates near-optimal performance after a small number of RL iterations and surpasses the other comparable methods in terms of energy efficiency and throughput maximization.
A Novel Multiobjective Quantum-Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization Based on the Ring Model
Authors: Zhou Di , Li Yajun , Jiang Bin , Wang Jun
Published: December 2016

Due to its fast convergence and population-based nature, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has been widely applied to address the multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs). However, the classical PSO has been proved to be not a global search algorithm. Therefore, there may exist the problem of not being able to converge to global optima in the multiobjective PSO-based algorithms. In this paper, making full use of the global convergence property of quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization (QPSO), a novel multiobjective QPSO algorithm based on the ring model is proposed. Based on the ring model, the position-update strategy is improved to address MOPs. The employment of a novel communication mechanism between particles effectively slows down the descent speed of the swarm diversity. Moreover, the searching ability is further improved by adjusting the position of local attractor. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm is highly competitive on both convergence and diversity in solving the MOPs. In addition, the advantage becomes even more obvious with the number of objectives increasing.
Azimuth/Elevation Directional Finding with Automatic Pair Matching
Authors: Tayem Nizar
Published: December 2016

We addressed the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) elevation and azimuth angles estimation for multiple uncorrelated signals using L-shaped antenna array configuration. The key points of the proposed method are the following: (1) it obtains azimuth and elevation angles through construction of three cross-correlation matrices from the collected data of the received signals; this implies that the noise reduces significantly in the reconstructed data matrices; (2) it derives a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model and applies trilinear least squares method to avoid pair matching problem between 2D DOA azimuth and elevation angles for multiple sources; (3) it does not require spectral peak searching; and (4) it has better 2D DOA estimation compared with signal parameters via rotational invariance technique and fourth-order signal parameters via rotational invariance technique. Simulation results demonstrate the estimation accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In Vivo Radionuclide Generators for Diagnostics and Therapy
Authors: Edem Patricia E. , Fonslet Jesper , Kjær Andreas , Herth Matthias , Severin Gregory
Published: December 2016

In vivo radionuclide generators make complex combinations of physical and chemical properties available for medical diagnostics and therapy. Perhaps the best-known in vivo generator is212Pb/212Bi, which takes advantage of the extended half-life of212Pb to execute a targeted delivery of the therapeutic short-livedα-emitter212Bi. Often, as in the case of81Rb/81Kr, chemical changes resulting from the transmutation of the parent are relied upon for diagnostic value. In other instances such as with extended alpha decay chains, chemical changes may lead to unwanted consequences. This article reviews some common and not-so-common in vivo generators with the purpose of understanding their value in medicine and medical research. This is currently relevant in light of a recent push for alpha emitters in targeted therapies, which often come with extended decay chains.
Central Venous Catheter-Related Tachycardia in the Newborn: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Amer Aya , Broadbent Roland S. , Edmonds Liza , Wheeler Benjamin J.
Published: December 2016

Central venous access is an important aspect of neonatal intensive care management. Malpositioned central catheters have been reported to induce cardiac tachyarrhythmia in adult populations and there are case reports within the neonatal population. We present a case of a preterm neonate with a preexisting umbilical venous catheter (UVC), who then developed a supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). This was initially treated with intravenous adenosine with transient reversion. Catheter migration was subsequently detected, with the UVC tip located within the heart. Upon withdrawal of the UVC and a final dose of adenosine, the arrhythmia permanently resolved. Our literature review confirms that tachyarrhythmia is a rare but recognised neonatal complication of malpositioned central venous catheters. We recommend the immediate investigation of central catheter position when managing neonatal tachyarrhythmia, as catheter repositioning is an essential aspect of management.
Binding Affinity, Cellular Uptake, and Subsequent Intracellular Trafficking of the Nano-Gene Vector P123-PEI-R13
Authors: Zhang Yaguang , Shu Hongmei , Hu Jing , Zhang Min , Wu Junweng , Liu Kehai , Zhu Qing
Published: December 2016

A nano-gene vector PEI-P123-R13 was synthesized by cross-linking low molecular weight PEI with P123 and further coupling bifunctional peptide R13 to the polymer for targeting tumor and increasing cellular uptake. The binding assessment of R13 toαvβ3 positive cells was performed by HRP labeling. The internalization pathways of P123-PEI-R13/DNA complexes were investigated based on the effect of specific endocytic inhibitors on transfection efficiency. The mechanism of intracellular trafficking was investigated based on the effect of endosome-lysosome acidification inhibitors, cytoskeleton, and dynein inhibitors on transfection efficiency. The results indicated that the bifunctional peptide R13 had the ability of binding toαvβ3 positive cellsin vitro. The modification of P123-PEI-R13 with R13 made it display new property of internalization. P123-PEI-R13/DNA complexes were conducted simultaneously via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolin-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and possible energy-independent route. After internalization, P123-PEI-R13/DNA complexes could escape from the endosome-lysosome system because of its acidification and further took microtubule as the track and dynein as the dynamic source to be transported toward the microtubule (+) end, to wit nucleus, under the action of microfilament, and with the aid of intermediate filament.
An Optimized Circuit in Plastic Meander Line Antenna for 2.45 GHz Applications
Authors: Majeed Farhat , Thiel David V.
Published: December 2016

Researchers seek to design electrically small planar antennas for RFID applications. Using multiparameter optimization, various meander line antennas were designed for the lowest resonant frequency and maximum radiation efficiencies for a fixed grid size. One such design for highest radiation efficiency was optimized for microwave frequencies by including an impedance matching structure. The antenna was printed with silver ink on a plexiglass substrate using the circuit in plastic (CiP) technique of embedded electrical components. The measured scattering parameter (S11) was −18.43 dB at resonance. The radiation efficiency of the antenna measured using simple and improved Wheeler cap method was 74.4/74.1%. The radiation pattern of electrically small CiP antenna was doughnut-shaped with main lobe magnitude of 0.453 dB and an angular width of 84.2° in elevation plane. The measured 10 dB fractional bandwidth of the antenna was 18.98%. The results are compared with silver/copper in air antennas optimized for achieving the highest radiation efficiency for a fixed grid size. Plastic antennas are viable at microwave frequencies.
The Effect of Histological CD20-Positive B Cell Infiltration in Acute Cellular Rejection on Kidney Transplant Allograft Survival
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Rending , Wang Huiping , Huang Hongfeng , Peng Wenhan , Qiu Wenxian , Zhou Jingyi , Chen Jianghua
Published: December 2016

Background. It is controversial whether lymphocyte infiltration exhibited in biopsy specimens is associated with transplant outcomes. This study focused on the effect of CD20-positive B cell infiltration in biopsy specimens from allografts with acute cellular rejection (ACR) in a Chinese population.Methods. Altogether, 216 patients transplanted from Sep. 2001 to Dec. 2014 with biopsy-proved ACR (Banff I or Banff II) were included in the analysis. Biopsies were immunostained for CD20 and C4d. Baseline information, serum creatinine and GFR before and after treatment, steroid resistance, response to treatment, graft loss, and survival were analyzed.Results. Eighty-three patients were classified into CD20-negative group, and 133 patients were classified into CD20-positive group. Significantly more CD20-negative patients (49/83, 59.0%) received steroid plus antibody therapy compared with the CD20-positive group (52/133, 39.1%) (P=0.004). The response to treatment for ACR did not differ between these two groups. The CD20-positive group had less graft loss (18.8% versus 32.5%,P=0.022) and a better graft survival rate. Further exploration of the infiltration degree suggested that it tended to be positively related to graft survival, but this did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion. CD20-positive B cell infiltration in renal allograft biopsies with ACR is associated with less steroid resistance and better graft survival. The presence of CD20-positive B cells is protective for renal allografts.
Intelligent Process Abnormal Patterns Recognition and Diagnosis Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Hou Shi-wang , Feng Shunxiao , Wang Hui
Published: December 2016

Locating the assignable causes by use of the abnormal patterns of control chart is a widely used technology for manufacturing quality control. If there are uncertainties about the occurrence degree of abnormal patterns, the diagnosis process is impossible to be carried out. Considering four common abnormal control chart patterns, this paper proposed a characteristic numbers based recognition method point by point to quantify the occurrence degree of abnormal patterns under uncertain conditions and a fuzzy inference system based on fuzzy logic to calculate the contribution degree of assignable causes with fuzzy abnormal patterns. Application case results show that the proposed approach can give a ranked causes list under fuzzy control chart abnormal patterns and support the abnormity eliminating.
Dynamic Characteristics of the Herringbone Groove Gas Journal Bearings: Numerical Simulations
Authors: Wang Bin , Sun Yongtao , Ding Qian
Published: December 2016

Dynamic characteristics of the herringbone grooved gas journal bearings (HGGJB) under fluid-structure interactions are systematically investigated using the finite element method. Stability and bearing capacity of the HGGJB are estimated and compared with those of the plain gas journal bearings (PGJB). Influences of the structural parameters, including the spiral angle, the groove number, the groove depth, the pressure relief hole diameter, the bearing radial clearance, the length to diameter ratio, and the rotating speed, on dynamic characteristics of HGGJB are analyzed. To verify the numerical simulation results, pressure nephograms and cross-section pressure curves of the same rotor model, calculated by the numerical simulation and the theoretical method, respectively, are compared. Similar results are obtained. Compared to the common constrained boundary conditions in the previous numerical simulations, boundary conditions adopted in this paper are complete self-absorption and the change of the gas inlet and outlet depends on the rotating state of the rotor, which are more accordant with the real dynamic characteristics of the HGGJB. In all, the results presented in this paper provide a deeper and better understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the HGGJB under fluid-structure interactions.
Analysis of Glaucoma Subtypes and Corresponding Demographics in a New Zealand Population
Authors: Mathan Jeremy J. , Patel Dipika V. , McGhee Charles N.J. , Patel Hussain Y.
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to determine the diagnosis distribution and demographic characteristics of glaucoma in a New Zealand population. Methods: The clinical records of all patients presenting consecutively to the Auckland District Health Board Glaucoma Service over a 6-month period were reviewed. Demographic parameters including ethnicity, age at presentation, and gender were collected along with all clinical data. Results: The case records of 857 patients were reviewed. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most common diagnosis (39.0%, n = 235), followed by primary-angle closure (PAC) diagnoses (24.8%, n = 149). This group was formed by the combination of narrow angle 18.1% (n = 109), narrow-angle glaucoma 0.3% (n = 2), PAC 2.1% (n = 13), and PAC glaucoma 4.2% (n = 25). Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG; 17.4%, n = 105), secondary glaucoma (SG; 11.5%, n = 69), ocular hypertension (5.0%, n = 30), and mixed mechanism (2.3%, n = 14) were also found. There was a significant difference in the ethnic distribution in the study population compared to the catchment population (p < 0.001). Caucasian and Indian ethnicities were overrepresented, whereas the Pacific Island Nation ethnicity was underrepresented in all groups except SG. The Maori ethnicity was underrepresented in all groups except PAC. The underrepresentation was most prominent in POAG (only 2 patients of Pacific origin and 1 Maori patient with POAG). Significant differences were identified in gender distribution including a higher preponderance of females in NTG and PAC. Significant differences in age at presentation were also identified between different glaucoma subtypes and ethnicities. Markers of glaucoma severity did not vary with respect to demographic characteristics. Conclusion: In a tertiary glaucoma service in New Zealand, Maori, Pacific peoples, and, to a lesser extent, Asians are underrepresented, while Caucasians and Indians are overrepresented in the glaucoma population.
Colchicine in Renal Medicine: New Virtues of an Ancient Friend
Authors: Solak Yalcin , Siriopol Dimitrie , Yildiz Abdulmecit , Yilmaz Mahmut Ilker , Ortiz Alberto , Covic Adrian , Kanbay Mehmet
Published: December 2016

Colchicine is a plant-derived alkaloid that disrupts the cell microtubule system and accumulates in neutrophils, inhibiting neutrophil adhesion and recruitment. Colchicine has been used extensively in the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis attacks, familial Mediterranean fever attacks and resultant AA amyloidosis, and recurrent pericarditis. Colchicine also disrupts the intracellular traffic of additional inflammatory and fibrosis mediators. Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic renal disease. Colchicine had anti-fibrotic effects in experimental diabetic nephropathy, renal mass reduction, and cyclosporine nephrotoxicity among others and is undergoing clinical trials for non-diabetic metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. In this review, we summarize the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties of colchicine in experimental and clinical studies in renal diseases or other fibrotic disease processes with renal consequences. We also discuss the potential future uses of colchicine in renal medicine and challenges faced with its use in patients with impaired kidney function.
Brief Review and a Clinical Case of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Associated with Interferon β Treatment
Authors: Milan Manani Sabrina , Virzì Grazia Maria , Gastaldon Fiorella , Proglio Marta , Brocca Alessandra , Ronco Claudio
Published: December 2016

The hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is one of the thrombotic microangiopathies and it consists of the triad of nonimmune microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury. The atypical form of HUS (aHUS) is related to causative mutations in complement genes. Some conditions act as a trigger for aHUS in individuals that have a genetic background predisposing to complement activation. Interferon β is a recombinant-protein therapy approved to treat multiple sclerosis (MS), and can be a causative agent in the occurrence of HUS through anti-angiogenic activity. In this paper, we briefly review aHUS clinical and genetic characteristics. Furthermore, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman, diagnosed with MS and treated with INFβ-1b from 2008. In December 2015, she presented with asthenia and loss of muscular strength in the legs and she quickly developed aHUS. Our case suggests that INFβ is a possible triggering factor for HUS.
Effect of electrical and controlled atmosphere stunning methods on broiler chicken behavior at slaughter, blood stress indicators and meat traits
Authors: Pinto Marcos Franke , Bitencourt Diego Augusto , Ponsano Elisa Helena Giglio , Garcia Neto Manoel , Bossolani Iderlipes Luiz Carvalho
Published: December 2016

O Brasil é o maior exportador e terceiro maior produtor mundial de carne de frango. A fim de manter a competitividade, o setor produtivo deve estar sempre alerta às exigências dos consumidores e a preocupação com o bem-estar animal é uma tendência crescente. Aspectos envolvendo bem-estar animal são particularmente críticos no abate de frangos de corte. Este estudo avaliou a insensibilização de frangos em uma câmara com atmosfera enriquecida de CO2 para reduzir o estresse das aves, em comparação com a insensibilização elétrica em cuba d’água, o método de atordoamento mais usual no abate de frangos. Foi comparada a reação das aves quando expostas a uma alta concentração de CO2 (30%) ou a uma concentração inicial de 10% de CO2, elevada gradualmente até 30%. O efeito da mistura de argônio com CO2 também foi avaliado, sempre visando a redução das reações de desconforto das aves. Cerca de dois terços das aves apresentaram reações evidentes de desconforto antes do atordoamento, em todos os parâmetros de insensibilização gasosa utilizados, porém, as concentrações sanguíneas de corticosterona e glicose, usados como indicadores de estresse, indicaram que a insensibilização com CO2 promoveu o bem-estar das aves. O tempo de exposição ao CO2 necessário para o atordoamento das aves e o tempo de recuperação da consciência após a saída da câmara de gás apresentou ampla variação. A insensibilização por atmosfera controlada de CO2 facilitou o manejo das aves durante o abate, mas serão necessários mais estudos para desenvolver essa alternativa tecnológica, de forma a torná-la viável para aplicação industrial.
A argumentação nos estudos do texto e do discurso
Authors: Piris Eduardo Lopes , Segundo Paulo Roberto Gonçalves , Campos Maria Inês Batista
Published: December 2016

Editorial
Memória retórico-argumentativa: encontro entre Perelman e Pêcheux
Authors: Vitale María Alejandra
Published: December 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a noção de memória retórico-argumentativa e ilustrá-la com editoriais e artigos da imprensa escrita brasileira que apoiou o golpe de Estado ocorrido em 31 de março de 1964, nos quais foram reinscritos discursos produzidos pela mídia escrita da Argentina que argumentaram a favor das sucessivas quedas da democracia sofridas por esse país durante o século XX. Para isso, irei me concentrar, primeiramente, na dimensão argumentativa das memórias discursivas e, como aporte para estudá-la, considerarei as técnicas argumentativas caracterizadas por Chaïm Perelman, apesar das diferenças epistemológicas que o separam da análise do discurso francesa, especificamente das propostas de Michel Pêcheux.
Relações dialógicas e persuasão
Authors: Pistori Maria Helena Cruz
Published: December 2016

Este artigo tem o objetivo de mostrar como conceitos da antiga Retórica, assim como noções e categorias da Análise Dialógica do Discurso (ADD), inspirada na obra de Bakhtin e o Círculo, podem ser compreendidos como fundamentação teórico-metodológica para a análise da persuasão discursiva. Dois textos diferentes, de diferentes gêneros do discurso, são utilizados para demonstrar a persuasão nas relações dialógicas expressas por amplas e distintas esferas da atividade humana, em conexão com a organização da vida social, o espaço e tempo em que se inserem.
Melos: uma prova retórica nas canções em perspectiva semiótica
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Dantas de
Published: December 2016

Teremos, neste trabalho, a exposição de uma abordagem ao texto cancional como uma situação retórica específica. Evidenciaremos a melos, assimilada como todos os aspectos musicais da canção, como uma prova retórica que se articula à tradicional trilogia: ethos, logos e pathos. Dessa forma, abordaremos, discursivamente, a maneira como os elementos musicais de uma canção podem funcionar como recursos persuasivos. Utilizaremos um arcabouço teórico interdisciplinar, articulando a retórica clássica à semiótica aplicada à canção. Como corpus, teremos a análise de uma amostragem de canções buarquianas de temática sócio-política composta e gravada durante o período da ditadura.
A argumentação na língua como subsidio para a avaliação de leitura e produção de textos dissertativo-argumentativos
Authors: Gomes Lauro
Published: December 2016

Este trabalho destina-se a apresentar uma proposta de avaliação de leitura e produção de textos dissertativo-argumentativos, com base em princípios e conceitos postos à disposição pela teoria da Argumentação na Língua (ANL), criada por Jean-Claude Anscombre e Oswald Ducrot, especialmente pela versão da Teoria dos Blocos Semânticos (TBS) e por trabalhos nela inspirados, cujos critérios sejam capazes de envolver menos intuição no julgamento de desempenhos em leitura e produção de texto dissertativo-argumentativo. A análise do corpora – constituído pela proposta de redação do Enem 2011 e por 50 (cinquenta) redações produzidas a partir dela – e o teste dos critérios de avaliação de leitura e escrita propostos neste trabalho revelaram funcionalidade prática e eficiente dos critérios, com potencial que permite aplicá-los em qualquer processo de avaliação de texto dissertativo-argumentativo. Por fim, este trabalho também fornece subsídios teórico-metodológicos que podem auxiliar professores da educação básica e da superior a qualificar suas práticas de ensino de leitura, escrita e avaliação dos textos dos estudantes.