bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Earliest Wave of Viking Activity? The Norwegian Evidence Revisited
Authors: Heen-Pettersen Aina Margrethe
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the chronology and nature of the earliest Viking activity, based on a group of early burials from Norway containing Insular metalwork. By focusing on the geographical distribution of this material and applying the concept of locational and social knowledge, the importance of establishing cognitive landscapes to facilitate the Viking expansion is highlighted. It is argued that the first recorded Viking attacks were only possible after a phase in which Norse seafarers had acquired the necessarily level ofa priorienvironmental knowledge needed to move in new seascapes and coastal environments. This interaction model opens the possibility that some of the early Insular finds from Norway may represent pre-Lindisfarne exploration voyages, carried out by seafarers along the sailing route of Nordvegr.
Constant slope, entropy, and horseshoes for a map on a tame graph
Authors: BARTOŠ ADAM , BOBOK JOZEF , PYRIH PAVEL , ROTH SAMUEL , VEJNAR BENJAMIN
Published: April 2019

We study continuous countably (strictly) monotone maps defined on a tame graph, i.e. a special Peano continuum for which the set containing branch points and end points has countable closure. In our investigation we confine ourselves to the countable Markov case. We show a necessary and sufficient condition under which a locally eventually onto, countably Markov map $f$ of a tame graph $G$ is conjugate to a map $g$ of constant slope. In particular, we show that in the case of a Markov map $f$ that corresponds to a recurrent transition matrix, the condition is satisfied for a constant slope $e^{h_{\text{top}}(f)}$, where $h_{\text{top}}(f)$ is the topological entropy of $f$. Moreover, we show that in our class the topological entropy $h_{\text{top}}(f)$ is achievable through horseshoes of the map $f$.
Nutrition in transition: historical cohort analysis summarising trends in under- and over-nutrition among pregnant women in a marginalised population along the Thailand–Myanmar border from 1986 to 2016
Authors: Hashmi Ahmar H. , Solomon Nicola , Lee Sue J. , Min Aung Myat , Gilder Mary Ellen , Wiladphaingern Jacher , Tun Nay Win , Plugge Emma , Wickramasinghe Kremlin , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Charunwatthana Prakaykaew , Nosten François , Carrara Verena I. , McGready Rose
Published: April 2019

The objective of the present study is to summarise trends in under- and over-nutrition in pregnant women on the Thailand–Myanmar border. Refugees contributed data from 1986 to 2016 and migrants from 1999 to 2016 for weight at first antenatal consultation. BMI and gestational weight gain (GWG) data were available during 2004–2016 when height was routinely measured. Risk factors for low and high BMI were analysed for <18·5 kg/m2or ≥23 kg/m2, respectively. A total of 48 062 pregnancies over 30 years were available for weight analysis and 14 646 pregnancies over 13 years (2004–2016) had BMI measured in first trimester (<14 weeks’ gestational age). Mean weight at first antenatal consultation in any trimester increased over the 30-year period by 2·0 to 5·2 kg for all women. First trimester BMI has been increasing on average by 0·5 kg/m2for refugees and 0·6 kg/m2for migrants, every 5 years. The proportion of women with low BMI in the first trimester decreased from 16·7 to 12·7 % for refugees and 23·1 to 20·2 % for migrants, whereas high BMI increased markedly from 16·9 to 33·2 % for refugees and 12·3 to 28·4 % for migrants. Multivariate analysis demonstrated low BMI as positively associated with being Burman, Muslim, primigravid, having malaria during pregnancy and smoking, and negatively associated with refugee as opposed to migrant status. High BMI was positively associated with being Muslim and literate, and negatively associated with age, primigravida, malaria, anaemia and smoking. Mean GWG was 10·0 (sd3·4), 9·5 (sd3·6) and 8·3 (sd4·3) kg, for low, normal and high WHO BMI categories for Asians, respectively.
Substituting brown rice for white rice on diabetes risk factors in India: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Malik V. S. , Sudha V. , Wedick N. M. , RamyaBai M. , Vijayalakshmi P. , Lakshmipriya N. , Gayathri R. , Kokila A. , Jones C. , Hong B. , Li R. , Krishnaswamy K. , Anjana R. M. , Spiegelman D. , Willett W. C. , Hu F. B. , Mohan V.
Published: April 2019

India has the second largest number of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) globally. Epidemiological evidence indicates that consumption of white rice is positively associated with T2D risk, while intake of brown rice is inversely associated. Thus, we explored the effect of substituting brown rice for white rice on T2D risk factors among adults in urban South India. A total of 166 overweight (BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2) adults aged 25–65 years were enrolled in a randomised cross-over trial in Chennai, India. Interventions were a parboiled brown rice or white rice regimen providing two ad libitum meals/d, 6 d/week for 3 months with a 2-week washout period. Primary outcomes were blood glucose, insulin, glycosylated Hb (HbA1c), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) and lipids. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was a secondary outcome. We did not observe significant between-group differences for primary outcomes among all participants. However, a significant reduction in HbA1c was observed in the brown rice group among participants with the metabolic syndrome (−0·18 (se 0·08) %) relative to those without the metabolic syndrome (0·05 (se 0·05) %) (P-for-heterogeneity = 0·02). Improvements in HbA1c, total and LDL-cholesterol were observed in the brown rice group among participants with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared with those with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (P-for-heterogeneity < 0·05). We observed a smaller increase in hs-CRP in the brown (0·03 (sd 2·12) mg/l) compared with white rice group (0·63 (sd 2·35) mg/l) (P = 0·04). In conclusion, substituting brown rice for white rice showed a potential benefit on HbA1c among participants with the metabolic syndrome and an elevated BMI. A small benefit on inflammation was also observed.
The involvement of NF-κB/P38 pathways inScutellaria baicalensisextracts attenuating ofEscherichia coliK88-induced acute intestinal injury in weaned piglets
Authors: Huang Caiyun , Wang Yubo , He Xin , Jiao Ning , Zhang Xin , Qiu Kai , Piao Xiangshu , Yin Jingdong
Published: April 2019

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation ofScutellaria baicalensisextracts (SBE) on intestinal health in terms of morphology, barrier integrity and immune responses in weaned piglets challenged withEscherichia coliK88. A total of seventy-two weaned piglets were assigned into two groups to receive a basal diet without including antibiotic additives or the basal diet supplemented 1000 mg SBE/kg diet for 14 d. On day 15, twelve healthy piglets from each group were selected to expose to oral administration of either 10 ml 1 × 109colony-forming units ofE. coliK88 or the vehicle control. After 48 h ofE.coliK88 challenge, blood was sampled, and then all piglets were killed humanely for harvesting jejunal and ileal samples. Dietary supplementation of SBE significantly decreased diarrhoea frequency and improved feed conversion ratio (P< 0·05). SBE supplementation toE.coliK88-challenged piglets improved villous height and villous height/crypt depth (P< 0·05), recovered the protein expression of occludin and zonula occludens-2 in both the jejunum and ileum (P< 0·05), and mitigated the increases in plasma IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IgA and IgG (P< 0·05). Meanwhile, dietary SBE effectively inhibited the stimulation of NF-κB, P38 and TNF-αas well as IL-1βin the small intestine of piglets challenged byE. coliK88 and prevented the activation of NF-κB/P38 signalling pathways (P< 0·05). Collectively, SBE supplementation can potently attenuate diarrhoea in weaning piglets and decrease inflammatory cytokine expressions through inhibiting the NF-κB and P38 signalling pathways.
Spearman’s hypothesis tested comparing Korean young adults with various other groups of young adults on the items of the Advanced Progressive Matrices
Authors: te Nijenhuis Jan , Choi Yu Yong , van den Hoek Michael , Valueva Ekaterina , Lee Kun Ho
Published: April 2019

Spearman’s hypothesis tested at the subtest level of an IQ battery states that differences between races on the subtests of an IQ battery are a function of thegloadings of these subtests, such that there are small differences between races on subtests with lowgloadings and large differences between races on subtests with highgloadings. Jensen (1998) stated that Spearman’s hypothesis is a law-like phenomenon. It has also been confirmed many times at the level of items of the Raven’s Progressive Matrices. This study hypothesizes that with concern to Spearman’s hypothesis, subtests and items function in fundamentally the same way, and tested whether Spearman’s hypothesis is confirmed at the item level for White–East Asian comparisons. A group of Korean young adults (N=205) was compared with other groups of young adults from Canada, the US, Russia, Peru and South Africa (totalN=4770) who took the Advanced Progressive Matrices. Spearman’s hypothesis was strongly confirmed with a sample-size-weightedrwith a value of 0.63. Computing thegloadings of the items of the Raven with either the Raven-gor the Wechsler-gled to the same conclusions. Tests of Spearman’s hypothesis yielded less-strong outcomes when the 36-item Advanced Progressive Matrices were used than when the 60-item Standard Progressive Matrices were used. There is a substantial correlation between sample size and the outcome of Spearman’s hypothesis. So, all four hypotheses were confirmed, showing that a part of the subtest-level nomological net replicates at the item level, strengthening the position that, with concern to Spearman’s hypothesis, subtests and items function fundamentally the same. It is concluded that Spearman’s hypothesis is still a law-like phenomenon. Detailed suggestions for follow-up research are made.
Fluctuating body asymmetry in young Polish women in relation to childhood socioeconomic status
Authors: Zurawiecka Martyna , Marchewka Justyna , Wronka Iwona
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between childhood socioeconomic conditions and body asymmetry in young Polish women. The study measured fluctuating asymmetry (FA), which refers to small random deviations from perfect symmetry in bilaterally paired body structures. Data were obtained from 620 female students aged from 19 to 25 years recruited from Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland. The research was carried out in the period from January 2016 to May 2017. A composite fluctuating asymmetry (cFA) of the women was calculated using five bilateral body traits. The lengths and widths of the women’s ears, lengths of their 2nd and 4thdigits and wrist widths of the right and left sides of the body were measured twice using standard methodology. The following data were collected in a questionnaire: degree of urbanization of the woman’s place of residence during childhood, number of older siblings, parental education and woman’s dominant hand. The results showed a tendency for FA to fall with an increase in parental education, and to rise with an increase in number of older siblings. The level of FA was significantly lower in women from rural areas than in those from cities. The results of the study show that FA in early adulthood is significantly associated with socioeconomic status during childhood, and confirm that the level of FA in adulthood may be a good indicator of stress factors in the early stages of development.
Submental island flap versus radial forearm free flap for oral tongue reconstruction: a comparison of complications and functional outcomes
Authors: Sittitrai P , Reunmakkaew D , Srivanitchapoom C
Published: April 2019

Objective

This study compared the complications and functional outcomes of patients with oral tongue cancer who had undergone reconstruction using a submental island flap or a radial forearm free flap.

Method

Of the 54 patients, 29 underwent reconstruction with a submental island flap and 25 patients with a radial forearm free flap. The complications and outcomes of speech and swallowing were evaluated.

Results

In the submental island flap group, all the flaps were successfully transferred with no donor site complications. In the radial forearm free flap group, partial skin graft loss and arm function restriction were recorded. Mean operative time and duration of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the submental island flap group. Speech and swallowing function were comparable between the two groups. There was no significant difference in locoregional recurrence between the groups.

Conclusion

The submental island flap is reliable and is suitable for oral tongue reconstruction. It has a lower complication incidence when compared to the radial forearm free flap, while maintaining speech and swallowing function.
Exploring multiple constraints on second language development of English polysemous phrasal verbs
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Wen Ju
Published: April 2019

The present study examined Chinese speakers’ knowledge of English polysemous phrasal verbs (PVs) and factors that may constrain the development of PVs. The intermediate and advanced learners judged the acceptability of 100 senses of 50 PVs. Results indicate that both the intermediate and the advanced learners tended to favor the high-frequency senses (51.2%∼67.2%) of PVs but disfavor the low-frequency senses (32.9%∼46.3%) of PVs. PV frequency, semantic transparency, and time spent reading books and watching films/TV could predict the advanced learners’ mastery of the high-frequency senses, while PV frequency and preemption could predict their mastery of the low-frequency senses. Semantic transparency, PV frequency, and preemption could predict the intermediate learners’ knowledge of the high-frequency senses, while semantic transparency, frequency of high-frequency senses, and preemption could predict their acceptance of the low-frequency senses. No reliable relationship was detected among the learners’ PV knowledge, entrenchment, time spent in second language immersion, listening to music, and communicating with others for the two groups.
Case–case analyses of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis using routine national surveillance data in the United States – 2005–2015
Authors: Benedict K. M. , Collier S. A. , Marder E. P. , Hlavsa M. C. , Fullerton K. E. , Yoder J. S.
Published: April 2019

Understanding endemic infectious disease risk factors through traditional epidemiological tools is challenging. Population-based case–control studies are costly and time-consuming. A case–case analyses using surveillance data addresses these limitations by using resources more efficiently. We conducted a case–case analyses using routine surveillance data reported by 16 U.S. states (2005–2015), wherein reported cases of salmonellosis were used as a comparison group to identify exposure associations with reported cases of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. Odds ratios adjusted for age and reporting state (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. A total of 10 704 cryptosporidiosis cases, 17 544 giardiasis cases, and 106 351 salmonellosis cases were included in this analyses. When compared with cases of salmonellosis, exposure to treated recreational water (aOR 4.7, 95% CI 4.3–5.0) and livestock (aOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.9–3.5) were significantly associated with cryptosporidiosis and exposure to untreated drinking (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 3.6–4.7) and recreational water (aOR 4.1, 95% CI 3.7–4.5) were associated with giardiasis. Our analyses shows that routine surveillance data with standardised exposure information can be used to identify associations of interest for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis.
The emergence of vampire bat rabies in Uruguay within a historical context
Authors: Botto Nuñez G. , Becker D. J. , Plowright R. K.
Published: April 2019

Pathogen spillover from wildlife to humans or domestic animals requires a series of conditions to align with space and time. Comparing these conditions between times and locations where spillover does and does not occur presents opportunities to understand the factors that shape spillover risk. Bovine rabies transmitted by vampire bats was first confirmed in 1911 and has since been detected across the distribution of vampire bats. However, Uruguay is an exception. Uruguay was free of bovine rabies until 2007, despite high-cattle densities, the presence of vampire bats and a strong surveillance system. To explore why Uruguay was free of bovine rabies until recently, we review the historic literature and reconstruct the conditions that would allow rabies invasion into Uruguay. We used available historical records on the abundance of livestock and wildlife, the vampire bat distribution and occurrence of rabies outbreaks, as well as environmental modifications, to propose four alternative hypotheses to explain rabies virus emergence and spillover: bat movement, viral invasion, surveillance failure and environmental changes. While future statistical modelling efforts will be required to disentangle these hypotheses, we here show how a detailed historical analysis can be used to generate testable predictions for the conditions leading to pathogen spillover.
Hybrid linear logic, revisited
Authors: CHAUDHURI KAUSTUV , DESPEYROUX JOËLLE , OLARTE CARLOS , PIMENTEL ELAINE
Published: April 2019

HyLL (Hybrid Linear Logic) is an extension of intuitionistic linear logic (ILL) that has been used as a framework for specifying systems that exhibit certain modalities. In HyLL, truth judgements are labelled by worlds (having a monoidal structure) and hybrid connectives (at and ↓) relate worlds with formulas. We start this work by showing that HyLL's axioms and rules can be adequately encoded in linear logic (LL), so that one focused step in LL will correspond to a step of derivation in HyLL. This shows that any proof in HyLL can be exactly mimicked by a LL focused derivation. Another extension of LL that has extensively been used for specifying systems with modalities is Subexponential Linear Logic (SELL). In SELL, the LL exponentials (!, ?) are decorated with labels representing locations, and a pre-order on such labels defines the provability relation. We propose an encoding of HyLL into SELL⋒ (SELL plus quantification over locations) that gives better insights about the meaning of worlds in HyLL. More precisely, we identify worlds as locations, and show that a flat subexponential structure is sufficient for representing any world structure in HyLL. This shows that HyLL's monoidal structure is not reflected in LL derivations, hence not increasing the expressiveness of LL, from a proof theoretical point of view. We conclude by proposing the notion of fixed points in multiplicative additive HyLL (μHyMALL), which can be encoded into multiplicative additive linear logic with fixed points (μMALL). As an application, we propose encodings of Computational Tree Logic (CTL) into both μMALL and μHyMALL. In the former, states are represented as atoms in the linear context, hence reflecting a more operational view of CTL connectives. In the latter, worlds represent states of the transition system, thus exhibiting a pleasant similarity with the semantics of CTL.
Comparing Consumer Preferences for Livestock Production Process Attributes Across Products, Species, and Modeling Methods
Authors: Widmar Nicole J. Olynk , Ortega David L.
Published: April 2019

Consumer preferences for four livestock products were investigated to determine consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for livestock production process attributes. We use an inferred method of attribute nonattendance (ANA) using the coefficient of variation on individual specific parameter estimates to assess the variability of preference intensity for various product characteristics. We find that accounting for ANA did not significantly impact mean estimates of WT P. Implications of our findings on the reliability of existing work in the area of consumer preferences for animal welfare attributes are discussed.
Language History Questionnaire (LHQ3): An enhanced tool for assessing multilingual experience
Authors: Li Ping , Zhang Fan , Yu Anya , Zhao Xiaowei
Published: April 2019

The language history questionnaire (LHQ) is an important tool for assessing the linguistic background and language proficiency of multilinguals or second language learners. Previously we developed a generic LHQ based on the most commonly asked questions in published studies (Li, Sepanski & Zhao, 2006) and provided a web-based interface (LHQ 2.0) that has flexibility in functionality, accuracy in data recording, and privacy for users and data (Li, Zhang, Tsai & Puls, 2014). LHQ3 (version 3) introduces new functions, developed in response to many comments/requests from users. One important improvement is the addition of an automatic scoring system, in that the new interface automatically calculates aggregated scores for language proficiency, language dominance, and language immersion levels. Finally, LHQ3 allows researchers to assign different weights to the modules when calculating the aggregated scores, addressing the issue of different focuses that different researchers put on multilingual speakers’ language usage and background.
Addressing issues of race, ethnicity and culture in CBT to support therapists and service managers to deliver culturally competent therapy and reduce inequalities in mental health provision for BAME service users
Authors: Naz Saiqa , Gregory Romilly , Bahu Meera
Published: April 2019

Conversations around improving access to psychological therapies for BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) service users have been ongoing for many years without any conclusion or resolution. BAME service users are often under-represented in primary care mental health services, and often have worse outcomes, leading to them being portrayed as ‘hard to reach’, and to deterioration in their mental health. They are over-represented in secondary care mental health services. The authors of this article argue that more resources are required in order to understand the barriers to accessing mental health services, and improve both access and recovery for BAME service users. This paper examines concepts such as race, ethnicity and culture. It aims to support service managers and therapists to develop their confidence to address these issues in order to deliver culturally competent psychological therapies to service users from BAME communities, with a focus on primary care. It is based on our experiences of working with BAME communities and the feedback from our training events on developing cultural competence for CBT therapists. The paper also discusses the current political climate and the impact it may have on service users and the need for therapists to take the wider political context into consideration when working with BAME service users. Finally, the paper stresses the importance of addressing structural inequalities at a service level, and developing stronger ethical guidelines in the area of working with diversity for CBT therapists in the UK.

Key learning aims

(1)

To examine concepts such as race, ethnicity and culture and to provide a shared understanding of these terms for CBT therapists.

(2)

To assist CBT therapists and supervisors to develop their confidence in addressing issues of race, ethnicity and culture with BAME service users within the current political climate and to deliver culturally competent therapy.

(3)

To assist service managers to promote equality of access and of outcomes for service users from BAME communities.

(4)

To understand how unequal expectations of therapists in services impacts on CBT therapists from BAME communities.

(5)

To widen understanding of some of the structural inequalities at service level which the CBT community needs to overcome, including recommending stronger ethical guidelines around working with diversity in the UK.
Double Vision: Eye Findings in Twins Reared Apart/Twin Research: Perinatology and Conjoined Twins; Thoracopagus Twin Cattle; MZ Twins Discordant for Musical Training/In the News: College Benefits for Twin Parents; Octomom Revisited; Genetic Editing of Infant Twins; Quarternary Marriages; Unusual Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: April 2019

Findings related to visual functioning, drawn from early reared-apart twin studies, are summarized. These data are supplemented by more recent research from similar investigations. This section is followed by a survey of findings and conclusions from a special issue of the journal Seminars in Perinatology concerning the challenges and management of conjoined twins. An early case report on thoracopagus-conjoined twin cattle is also presented, as are neuroanatomical findings from a study of monozygotic twins discordant for musical training. Items noted in the news include college benefits for twin parents, an update on octomom, claims of gene editing of infant twins, the nature of quarternary marriages and an unusual planned twin pregnancy.
Epistemology and Politics in Earth System Modeling: Historical Perspectives
Authors: Heymann Matthias , Dahan Dalmedico Amy
Published: April 2019

This commentary provides a critical account of Earth system modeling history. It argues that Earth system modeling is not simply a domain of science but also a form of politics. Earth system science carries the ideas and social and cultural norms of the peculiar historical eras in which it emerged and grew. Systems thinking and a strong belief in the power of modeling have its roots in the early Cold War era. When the Cold War era gave way to a time characterized by economic stagnation, social unrest, and rising environmentalism, climate science absorbed the new cultural trend of environmental concern, while retaining an optimism and enthusiasm in the modeling paradigm. The post‐1990s era reveals particularly clearly the political power that climate scientists unleashed. The modeling paradigm assumed hegemonic status, seized economic and social processes, and created not only scientific knowledge but also conceptions of political management of the Earth. The modeling paradigm, once a scientific strategy largely in the hands of scientists, has turned into a political agent in its own right, beyond the full control of the scientific community.
The Role of Clouds in the Tropospheric NOx Cycle: A New Modeling Approach for Cloud Chemistry and Its Global Implications
Authors: Holmes Christopher D. , Bertram Timothy H. , Confer Kaitlyn L. , Graham Kelly A. , Ronan Allison C. , Wirks Charles K. , Shah Viral
Published: April 2019

We present a new method for simulating heterogeneous (surface and multiphase) cloud chemistry in atmospheric models that do not spatially resolve clouds. The method accounts for cloud entrainment within the chemical rate expression, making it more accurate and stable than other approaches. Using this “entrainment‐limited uptake,” we evaluate the role of clouds in the tropospheric NOx cycle. Past literature suggests that on large scales, losses of N2O5 and NO3 in clouds are much less important than losses on aerosols. We find, however, that cloud reactions provide 25% of tropospheric NOx loss in high latitudes and 5% of global loss. Homogeneous, gas phase hydrolysis of N2O5 is likely 2% or less of global NOx loss. Both clouds and aerosols have similar impacts on global tropospheric O3 and OH levels, around 2% each. Accounting for cloud uptake reduces the sensitivity of atmospheric chemistry to aerosol surface area and uptake coefficient since clouds and aerosols compete for the same NO3 and N2O5.
Design and synthesis of anticancer 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides with a p53 independent mechanism of action
Authors: Spaczyńska Ewelina , Mrozek-Wilczkiewicz Anna , Malarz Katarzyna , Kos Jiri , Gonec Tomas , Oravec Michal , Gawecki Robert , Bak Andrzej , Dohanosova Jana , Kapustikova Iva , Liptaj Tibor , Jampilek Josef , Musiol Robert
Published: April 2019

A series of 116 small-molecule 1-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxanilides was designed based on the fragment-based approach and was synthesized according to the microwave-assisted protocol. The biological activity of all of the compounds was tested on human colon carcinoma cell lines including a deleted TP53 tumor suppressor gene. The mechanism of activity was studied according to the p53 status in the cell. Several compounds revealed a good to excellent activity that was similar to or better than the standard anticancer drugs. Some of these appeared to be more active against the p53 null cells than their wild-type counterparts. Intercalating the properties of these compounds could be responsible for their mechanism of action.
Impact and mitigation of angular uncertainties in Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging
Authors: Calvo-Almazán I. , Allain M. , Maddali S. , Chamard V. , Hruszkewycz S. O.
Published: April 2019

Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) is a powerful technique to explore the local strain state and morphology of microscale crystals. The method can potentially reach nanometer-scale spatial resolution thanks to the advances in synchrotron design that dramatically increase coherent flux. However, there are experimental bottlenecks that may limit the image reconstruction quality from future high signal-to-noise ratio measurements. In this work we show that angular uncertainty of the sample orientation with respect to a fixed incoming beam is one example of such a factor, and we present a method to mitigate the resulting artifacts. On the basis of an alternative formulation of the forward problem, we design a phase retrieval algorithm which enables the simultaneous reconstruction of the object and determination of the exact angular position corresponding to each diffraction pattern in the data set. We have tested the algorithm performance on simulated data for different degrees of angular uncertainty and signal-to-noise ratio.
Status of Hypertension in Tehran: Potential impact of the ACC/AHA 2017 and JNC7 Guidelines, 2012–2015
Authors: Asgari Samaneh , Khaloo Pegah , Khalili Davood , Azizi Fereidoun , Hadaegh Farzad
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hypertension, the recommended anti-hypertensive therapy and the percentage of hypertensive patients who had achieved the blood pressure (BP) target according to 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) versus JNC7 and 8 guidelines, among Iranian population. Data of participants aged ≥20 years from the fifth phase (2012–2015) of the Tehran lipid and glucose study (N = 10,576) were analyzed, using survey analysis. The weighted prevalence of hypertension among those not on anti-hypertensive medications was 42.7 and 12.6%, applying the ACC/AHA and JNC7 guideline definitions, respectively; the corresponding values with including BP-lowering medication in definition of hypertension were 47.1% and 20.4%, respectively. However, 90% of these hypertensive people were found to have a 10-year cardiovascular disease risk of <10%. Applying the ACC/AHA guideline, anti-hypertensive medication was recommended for 21.9% of Tehranians, compared to 19.3 and 12.2% according to the JNC7 and 8 guidelines, respectively. Among Tehranians taking anti-hypertensive medication, 20% achieved the BP goal according to the ACC/AHA guideline, compared to the 42.1 and 53.6%, using JNC7 and 8 guidelines, respectively. Despite the tremendous increase in the prevalence of hypertension, most of the newly identified cases did not belong to the high-risk group.
Optimized silk fibroin piezoresistive nanocomposites for pressure sensing applications based on natural polymers
Authors: Reizabal Ander , Gonçalves Sérgio , Brito-Pereira Ricardo , Costa Pedro , Costa Carlos M. , Pérez-Álvarez Leyre , Vilas-Vilela Jose Luis , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu
Published: April 2019

Environmental issues promote the development of sensors based on natural polymers which are becoming an area of increasing interest.
Inflammatory responses to micro/nano-structured titanium surfaces with silver nanoparticlesin vitro
Authors: Li Yiting , Yang Congling , Yin Xianzhen , Sun Yuhua , Weng Jie , Zhou Jie , Feng Bo
Published: April 2019

The fabricated AgPD-MNT exhibited potent antibacterial activity and mediated the inflammatory response.
Insight into conformationally-dependent binding of 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations to porphyrin molecules using quantum mechanical calculations
Authors: Banerjee Atiya , Shah Jindal K.
Published: April 2019

The first step in the biodegradation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids involves the insertion of the –OH group into the alkyl side chain, and it is believed to be triggered by cytochrome P450. In this work, we investigate the effect of conformations on binding energies of ionic liquid cations to the catalytic center of P450.
One-pot fabrication of a double Z-scheme CeCO3OH/g-C3N4/CeO2 photocatalyst for nitrogen fixation under solar irradiation
Authors: Feng Xiangwen , Chen Huan , Jiang Fang , Wang Xin
Published: April 2019

A ternary photocatalyst CeCO3OH/g-C3N4/CeO2 was synthesized by an in situ self-sacrificing method, and its N2 photofixation performance was investigated.
Ni and Pd N-confused porphyrin complexes as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2
Authors: dela Cruz Jay-ar B. , Ruamps Mirko , Arco Susan , Hung Chen-Hsiung
Published: April 2019

A bifunctional catalyst based on an N-confused porphyrin motif for the cycloaddition of an epoxide to carbon dioxide via cooperative activation of the epoxide through a metal center and a peripheral benzoate moiety with percent conversions of up to 99% and TON = 7000.
Overview on the spatial–temporal characteristics of the ozone formation regime in China
Authors: Lu Haoxian , Lyu Xiaopu , Cheng Hairong , Ling Zhenhao , Guo Hai
Published: April 2019

Ozone (O3), a main component in photochemical smog, is a secondary pollutant formed through complex photochemical reactions involving nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Conversion of DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and toxicity reduction of DON in vivo by Lactobacillus rhamnosus
Authors: Qu Rui , Jiang Chunmei , Wu Wanqin , Pang Bing , Lei Shuzhen , Lian Ziyang , Shao Dongyan , Jin Mingliang , Shi Junling
Published: April 2019

Lactobacillus rhamnosus can convert DON to 3-epi-DON in vitro and reduce DON toxicity in vivo.
Nucleotide-derived theranostic nanodots with intrinsic fluorescence and singlet oxygen generation for bioimaging and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zheng Xin Ting , Lai Yee Ching , Tan Yen Nee
Published: April 2019

We report a new way to engineer nanomaterials from biomolecules (N-dots) with bright fluorescence and high singlet oxygen generation towards theranostic applications.
Thiol-/thioether-functionalized porous organic polymers for simultaneous removal of mercury(ii) ion and aromatic pollutants in water
Authors: Cheng Jincheng , Li Yifan , Li Li , Lu Pengpeng , Wang Qiang , He Chiyang
Published: April 2019

Two novel thiol-/thioether-functionalized porous organic polymers were prepared for simultaneous removal of Hg(ii) and aromatic pollutants in water with high binding ability and fast uptake kinetics.
AliBu3: unprecedented main-group metal catalyst for helical sense-selective polymerization of chiral aryl isocyanides and copolymerization with achiral aryl isocyanides
Authors: Wu Xiaolu , Yan Xinwen , Yang Zhi , Zhang Shaowen , Li Xiaofang , Dong Yuping , Zhi Junge
Published: April 2019

The cationic aluminum species generated from AliBu3and the activator [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] serves as the first example of a main group organometallic catalyst for the coordination-insertion (co)polymerization of aryl isocyanides.
CoxFeyN nanoparticles decorated on graphene sheets as high-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Liu Haixia , Lu Xinyao , Hu Yi , Chen Renpeng , Zhao Peiyang , Wang Lei , Zhu Guoyin , Ma Lianbo , Jin Zhong
Published: April 2019

The CoxFeyN nanoparticles with adjustable Co/Fe atomic ratios loading on graphene sheets exhibit ultrahigh activity and stability for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline solution.
MOFs-derived ZnCo–Fe core–shell nanocages with remarkable oxygen evolution reaction performance
Authors: Fu Yang , Wang Weijun , Wang Jingwei , Li Xiangnan , Shi Run , Peng Owen , Chandrashekar Bananakere Nanjegowda , Liu Kai , Amini Abbas , Cheng Chun
Published: April 2019

MOFs derived ZnCo–Fe nanocages are synthesized by a self-templated approach showing the remarkable performance for OER catalysts.
Surface recrystallization – an underestimated phenomenon affecting oxygen exchange activity
Authors: Tripković Đorđije , Küngas Rainer , Mogensen Mogens Bjerg , Hendriksen Peter Vang
Published: April 2019

Thermal history influences oxygen exchange activity of perovskite oxides via reversible, Avrami-like surface recrystallization.
Intense up-conversion emission from Er3+/Yb3+ ion co-doped transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics containing Y5O4F7 nanorods for optical thermometry
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Li Kai , Liu Chao , Yin Qiaoyun , Han Jianjun , Heo Jong
Published: April 2019

Formation of orthorhombic Y5O4F7:Er3+,Yb3+ nanorods in oxyfluoride glass-ceramics to realize intense up-conversion emission for application in optical thermometry.
SDSS-IV/SPIDERS: A catalogue of X-ray selected AGN properties
Authors: Coffey D. , Salvato M. , Merloni A. , Boller Th. , Nandra K. , Dwelly T. , Comparat J. , Schulze A. , Del Moro A. , Schneider D. P.
Published: April 2019

This work presents the catalogue of optical spectral properties for all X-ray selected SPIDERS active galactic nuclei (AGN) up to SDSS DR14. SPIDERS (SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is an SDSS-IV programme that is currently conducting optical spectroscopy of the counterparts to the X-ray selected sources detected in the ROSAT all-sky survey and the XMM-Newton slew survey in the footprint of the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS). The SPIDERS DR14 sample is the largest sample of X-ray selected AGN with optical spectroscopic follow-up to date. The catalogue presented here is based on a clean sample of 7344 2RXS (z¯ = 0.5) and 1157 XMM-Newton slew survey (z¯ = 0.4) type 1 AGN with spectroscopic coverage of the Hβ and/or MgII emission lines. Visual inspection results for each object in this sample are available from a combination of literature sources and the SPIDERS group, which provide both reliable redshifts and source classifications. The spectral regions around the Hβ and MgII emission lines have been fit in order to measure both line and continuum properties, estimate bolometric luminosities, and provide black hole mass estimates using the single-epoch (or photoionisation) method. The use of both Hβ and MgII allows black hole masses to be estimated up to z ≃ 2.5. A comparison is made between the spectral properties and black hole mass estimates derived from Hβ and MgII using the subsample of objects which have coverage of both lines in their spectrum. These results have been made publicly available as an SDSS-IV DR14 value added catalogue.
Anterior-Only Approach for Posttraumatic Subaxial Cervical Spine Spondyloptosis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Raj , Singh Suyash , Das Kuntal , Kumar Arushi
Published: April 2019

Subaxial posttraumatic spondyloptosis is a rare entity with management dilemma in the literature. Various approaches have been discussed, but few reports focused on management plan and rationale. The authors reviewed the literature and reported a case of a 30-year-old woman presented with posttraumatic spastic quadriparesis. The patient had C6–7 spondyloptosis and was operated by anterior-only approach. There was improvement in both motor and sensory neurologic status. Surgical goals include vertebral realignment and stabilization. The authors conclude that anterior approach may be good enough if performed properly even if all three columns are involved.
Outcomes of the Adams–Berger Ligament Reconstruction for the Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability in 95 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Gillis Joshua A. , Soreide Endre , Khouri Joseph S. , Kadar Assaf , Berger Richard A. , Moran Steven L.
Published: April 2019

Objective The objective of this article is to evaluate the outcomes and complication rate for Adams–Berger anatomic reconstruction of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), in addition, to determine the role of sigmoid notch anatomy on failure.

Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review to evaluate adult patients that had undergone reconstruction of the DRUJ for instability with the Adams–Berger procedure between 1998 and 2015 within our institution with > 24 months follow-up. Charts were reviewed for patient demographics, mechanism of injury, outcome, and complications.

Results Ninety-five wrists in 93 patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 37.3 years with 65.2 months follow-up. At the last follow-up, 90.8% had a stable DRUJ, 5.3% did not, and 3.4% had some laxity. Postoperatively, 75.9% described either no pain or mild pain. Grip strength increased while pronosupination decreased. Procedure success was 86.3%, as 12 patients underwent revision at 13.3 months postoperatively. Reconstructive failure was more common in females when an interference screw was utilized for tendon fixation. Age, timing of surgery, type of graft, sigmoid notch anatomy, and previous surgery did not affect revision or failure rate.

Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that Adams–Berger reconstruction of the DRUJ provides reliable long-term results with an overall success of 86% at > 5 years follow-up.

Level of evidence/Type of study This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Low-Profile Neuroform Atlas Stent-Assisted Coiling of Intracranial Aneurysms: Single-Center Initial Experience
Authors: Pan Somnath , Kannath Santhosh Kumar , Rajan Jayadevan Enakshy
Published: April 2019

Background Neuroform Atlas stent is a relatively new device used for stent-assisted coiling (SAC) of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose To elaborate the initial experience in a single center to assess the efficacy and initial results of Neuroform Atlas for SAC of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods Between February 2017 and September 2018, eight patients (five females, three males; mean age 56 years) underwent SAC with Neuroform Atlas.

Results Five unruptured and three ruptured wide-necked aneurysms were treated with Neuroform Atlas SAC. Immediate complete occlusion modified Roy-Raymond class 1 (MRRC 1) or mild neck residue class 2 (MRRC 2) was achieved in three patients and five other patients had minimal residual interstitial filling of the aneurysm (MRRC 3b). One patient with ruptured intracranial aneurysm succumbed to the illness in the first postoperative day due to massive rebleed. Other seven patients remained clinically asymptomatic in the follow-up period. Patent stent was noted at three to seven months follow-up magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in five patients. Complete occlusion of the aneurysm was noted in three patients, and minimal residual aneurysm was seen in two patients.

Conclusion Neuroform Atlas stent is safe and effective in achieving good angiographic outcome in complex intracranial aneurysms.
Factors Influencing Motor Outcome of Hippotherapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Seung Mi Yeo , Ji Young Lee , Hye Yeon Shin , Yun Sik Seo , Jeong Yi Kwon
Published: April 2019

Objective This study was aimed to identify individual factors influencing the gross motor outcome of hippotherapy in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods One hundred and forty-six children with CP (mean age: 5.78 ± 1.72 years, male: 56.2%) presenting variable function (gross motor function classification system [GMFCS], levels I–IV) participated in this study. Participants received 30 minutes of hippotherapy twice a week for 8 weeks. Clinical information including GMFCS level, age, sex, CP distribution, CP type, gross motor function measure-88 (GMFM-88), GMFM-66, and pediatric balance scale (PBS) score were collected retrospectively. We regarded the children with GMFM-66 score increased by 2.0 points as good responders to hippotherapy. Further we analyzed factors affecting good responders.

Results GMFCS level I and II compared with IV (odds ratio [OR] = 6.83) and III compared with IV (OR = 4.45) were significantly associated with a good response to hippotherapy. Higher baseline GMFM E (OR = 1.05) and lower baseline GMFM B (OR = 0.93) were also significantly associated with a good response to hippotherapy. Sex, age, CP type, and distribution were not factors influencing gross motor outcome of hippotherapy.

Conclusions The children with CP, GMFCS level I–III, with relatively poor postural control in sitting might have a greater chance to improve their GMFM-66 scores through hippotherapy. This supports the hypothesis that hippotherapy is a context-focused therapy to improve postural control in sitting.
Helmet Use among Two Wheeler Female Riders
Authors: Khan Rizwan , Krishnan Nadia , Dhandapani Manju , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam
Published: April 2019

Introduction The frequency of traffic collisions in India is among the highest in the world with more than 135,000 traffic collision-related deaths occurring every year. The “Global Status Report on Road Safety” listed by the World Health Organization identified the major causes of injury as driving over the speed limit, driving under the influence, and not using helmets and seat belts. Women face unique challenges after traumatic brain injury, due to differential laws and their enforcement.

Objectives To assess the use of helmet among female hospital workers (nurses, hospital attendants, sanitary attendants, and security guards) and their attitude toward helmet wearing.

Methods Purposive sampling was done among female two-wheeler-riding hospital workers. A questionnaire was developed to study the use of helmet and an attitude Likert scale for assessing attitude toward wearing helmet. Data were collected, coded, and analyzed using SPSS software version 21.

Results Of the total 89 women enrolled, 46.4% were mostly pillion riders, and 33% were mostly drivers. Only 19% were using helmet consistently, despite 93% owning it. Eighty-eight percent of the regular users were younger than 25 years, while 80% of the non-users were above 25 years. Even among regular drivers, 40% never wore helmet. Eighty-two percent of the non-users were merely casual despite knowing about its advantages.

Conclusion Helmet use is very poor among women (both drivers and pillion riders), despite working in hospital environment and owning helmet. Stricter enforcement of helmet law is needed, as education and knowledge per-se may not instil helmet use.
Prediction of ion-induced nanopattern formation using Monte Carlo simulations and comparison to experiments
Authors: Hofsäss Hans , Bobes Omar
Published: April 2019

Ion induced nanopattern formation has been experimentally investigated for many different ion-target combinations and different ion irradiation conditions. Several theories and models have been developed throughout the past few years to explain the observed boundary conditions for pattern formation as well as features of the patterns like wavelengths, growth rates, shapes, and amplitudes. To compare specific experiments with the predictions of analytical theories, it is necessary to calculate the linear and non-linear coefficients of the respective equation of motion of a surface profile. Monte Carlo simulations of ion–solid interactions based on the binary collision approximation provide a very fast, rather universal, and accurate way to calculate these coefficients. The universality expresses the broad range of ion species, ion energies, and target compositions accessible by the simulations. The coefficients are obtained from the moments of calculated crater functions, describing ion erosion, mass redistribution, and ion implantation. In this contribution, we describe how most linear, non-linear, and higher order coefficients can be determined from crater function moments. We use the obtained data to compare the results of selected experimental studies with the predictions of theoretical models. We find good quantitative agreement, e.g., for irradiation of Si with Ar and Kr ions, Al2O3 with Ar and Xe ions, and amorphous carbon with Ne ions.