bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ МЕЖДУ СОЦИОНИЧЕСКИМ ТИПОМ И ТИПАМИ ПРОФЕССИЙ ПО ХОЛЛАНДУ
Authors: Kovalenko Roman K. , Strutinsky Sergey V. , Zvonareva Nataliya A.
Published: December 2021

Цель. Статья посвящена исследованию профориентационных методов, а именно – обоснованию конструктной валидности использования соционической модели для профориентационной деятельности.

Метод или методология проведения работы. В работе использовались методика определения соционического типа, дифференциально-диагностический опросник Е.А. Климова, опросник Дж. Холланда в адаптации Г.В. Резапкиной и расчет рангового бисериального коэффициента корреляции.

Результаты. Корреляционный анализ выявил наличие положительной связи между соционическим полюсом «логика» с «реалистичным» и «конвенциональным» типами по Холланду, а также отрицательные связи с «социальным» и «артистическим» типами. Соционический полюс «экстраверсия» положительно коррелирует с «предприимчивым» типом и отрицательно с «реалистичным» и «интеллектуальным» типами. Также выявлена корреляция соционического полюса «конструктивизм» с «артистичным» типом. Также в работе рассмотрены корреляции шкал опросника Холланда с типами профессий дифференциально-дидактического опросника Е.А. Климова. Полученные результаты соотносятся с существовавшими ранее гипотезами.

Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты помогут специалистам профориентологам, использующим на практике в т.ч. и методы соционики, чтобы повысить качество своей работы. Также результаты исследования показывают перспективность дальнейшего развития исследований конструктной валидности методов соционики.
YOUTH IN THE SPACE OF MASS CULTURE: ISSUES OF SOCIAL SECURITY
Authors:   Center for Research on Security Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, KUZINA N.V. , KUZINA L.B. ,   Center for Research on Security Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2021

Проблема взаимодействия «потребителя» и «продукта культуры» анализируется на примере ассортимента детских товаров, мультипликации и кинематографа, современной молодежной музыки, индустрии компьютерных игр, политтехнологий. Помимо проводимого исследования художественных особенностей контента массовой культуры, анализируются результаты опросов и наблюдения-лонгитюда, проведенных среди молодежи и подростков, а также результаты аппаратных исследований эмоциональных триггеров и ценностно-мотивационных моделей юношества, влияния визуального и видеоконтента. Обсуждается вопрос об уместности отображения агрессии, насилия в художественной продукции для подростков и молодежи, описываются реальные и возможные последствия данного воздействия, пути профилактики вовлечения юношества в деструктивное и аутодеструктивное поведение. Предлагаются направления совершенствования молодежной политики, обеспечивающие прежде всего адекватную социализацию детей, подростков и юношества.
Lestár Gyulaffi’s Manuscripts and the Fragmentation of a Magnum Opus
Authors: Bibor Máté János
Published: December 2021

Lestár Gyulaffi (1556–1606?) was a secretary of the Greater Chancery of the Transylvanian Principality. Today, he is best-known as a writer of historical notes and commentaries. These records are considered an excellent source and therefore used by scholars researching the age. As the texts have not been recently published, researchers usually use the 19th-century text edition. However, looking at the original documents preserved in the ELTE University Library in Budapest, one realizes that Gyulaffi’s writings do not form a compact work, the 19th-century edition is largely a constructed text. In the present paper I will present what additional information can be obtained from the examination of the manuscripts.
Ewa Fogelzang-Adler. „Przez radosne okulary”: Polska Ludowa w listach do „Przyjaciółki” 1948-1956. Część 1: 1948-1952. Wydawnictwo Diecezji Tarnowskiej Biblos. Kraków; Tarnów 2018. ss. 299. ISBN 978-83-7793-640-5.
Authors: Wodniak Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest omówieniem książki Ewy Fogelzang-Adler, badaczki związanej z krakowskim środowiskiem naukowym: „Przez radosne okulary”. Polska Ludowa w listach do „Przyjaciółki” 1948-1956. Część 1: 1948-1952 (Kraków; Tarnów 2018), poświęconej odtworzeniu obrazu codzienności ukazanej przez pryzmat listów nadsyłanych do redakcji najpopularniejszego czasopisma kobiecego w kraju. Zawiera także odniesienia do bezpośredniej poprzedniczki „Przyjaciółki” – przedwojennego dwutygodnika „Moja Przyjaciółka” ze Żnina oraz zarys historii obecności działów korespondencyjnej łączności z czytelniczkami w polskiej prasie kobiecej.
Jakość ziół ekologicznych – wymagania, zasady, certyfikacja
Authors: Kafel Piotr
Published: December 2021

Wzrost zainteresowania produktami ekologicznymi wśród konsumentów wiązać można z coraz większą świadomością i troską o własne zdrowie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wymagań dotyczących systemu certyfikacji zielarskich produktów ekologicznych, zgodnie z obowiązującą w Polsce ustawą o rolnictwie ekologicznym oraz dyskusji dotyczącej ich jakości. W szczególności w artykule opisano zasady produkcji ekologicznej i zbioru z natury. Omówiono również możliwości wprowadzania do obrotu i odwoływania się do ekologicznego charakteru produktów zielarskich. Zawarto również porównanie jakości ziół ekologicznych i ich konwencjonalnych odpowiedników. W szczególności wskazano na takie aspekty jak: zawartość w ziołach pozostałości środków ochrony roślin oraz metali ciężkich, przypadki fałszowania żywności oraz czynniki środowiskowe niezależne od wymagań rolnictwa eko-logicznego wpływające na jakość ziół.
Fitoterapia zaburzeń laktacji – dowody naukowe i bezpieczeństwo stosowania
Authors: Szałabska Katarzyna , Wojnar Weronika , Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak Ilona
Published: December 2021

Część kobiet po urodzeniu dziecka boryka się z problemem wytwarzania mleka w niewystra-czającej ilości i nie jest w stanie wykarmić dziecka wyłącznie na swoim naturalnym pokarmie. Sytuacja ta zmusza je więc do wprowadzenia do diety noworodka mleka modyfikowanego lub poszukiwania sposobu na zwiększenie laktacji. Powszechnie wiadomo, iż mleko matki zapewnia noworodkowi optymalną podaż składników odżywczych, zwiększa jego odporność i wpływa korzystnie na jego dalszy rozwój. Ze względu na brak leku syntetycznego, przeznaczonego dla kobiet karmiących w celu zwiększenia laktacji, wiele kobiet zwraca się ku lekowi roślinnemu. Duża część surowców roślinnych mająca wpłynąć na zwiększenie laktacji stosowana jest jako tradycyjne produkty lecznicze. Należy jednak zwrócić uwagę na brak wystarczającej liczby badań naukowych przeprowadzonych z udziałem matek karmiących potwierdzających ich mlekopędne działanie. Dodatkowo brak jest badań przeprowadzonych z udziałem noworodków potwierdzających, iż surowiec roślinny nie przenika do mleka matki lub w momencie przenikania wykazuje odpowiedni profil bezpieczeństwa dla tak małego dziecka. Celem niniejszego przeglądu literaturowego było sprawdzenie, które surowce roślinne, uważane powszechnie za mlekopędne, wykazują takie właściwości również w badaniach klinicznych oraz czy zbadano już ich profil bezpieczeństwa zarówno w stosunku do matki karmiącej, jak i jej dziecka.
Jednorazowe dofinansowanie przysługujące nauczycielom na zakup sprzętu, oprogramowania lub usługi dostępu do Internetu w ramach pracy zdalnej – wybrane aspekty podatkowoprawne
Authors: Nowak Ireneusz , Teszner Krzysztof , Mikołajczyk Joanna
Published: December 2021

Publikacja poświęcona jest jednorazowemu dofinansowaniu przysługującemu nauczycielom zatrudnionym w jednostkach systemu oświaty na zakup sprzętu, oprogramowania lub usługi dostępu do Internetu, potrzebnych do pracy zdalnej (potocznie zwanym nauczycielskim 500 plus). Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań potwierdziły, że akt prawny, w którym unormowana została powyższa problematyka, obarczony jest „niedoskonałością twórczą” ponoć racjonalnego ustawodawcy. W rezultacie takich działań/zaniechań doszło m.in. do nieuprawnionego zróżnicowania części środowiska nauczycielskiego, jeśli chodzi o powyższe „finansowe wsparcie” bez wątpienia potrzebne przy pracy zdalnej, nie wspominając już o nauczycielach akademickich, którzy tejże preferencji nie uzyskali. Ponadto autorzy wykazali, że z tytułu jednorazowego dofinansowania po stronie nauczyciela nie powstanie przychód w świetle ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych.
Przygotowanie do pełnienia roli rodzica – zaniedbany obszar edukacji dorosłych
Authors: Kozubska Alicja
Published: December 2021

W badaniach Polaków przeprowadzonych przez CBOS w 2019 roku rodzinie nadal przypisywana jest wysoka pozycja w ich systemie wartości. Nie oznacza to jednak, że rodzina dobrze spełnia swoje funkcje. Podstawą prowadzonych w artykule rozważań jest systemowe ujęcie rodziny, w którym zmiany zachodzące w jednym elemencie mają wpływ na pozostałe elementy, jak również na cały system. Gotowość prawie połowy badanych Polaków do powielania wzorców wyniesionych z rodziny generacyjnej może być niepokojąca w świetle innych badań dotyczących zaburzeń funkcjonowania rodziny. W artykule przyjęto założenie, że w życiu dorosłego człowieka najczęściej istnieją dwa obszary istotne dla jego funkcjonowania i zaspokajania potrzeb – obszar życia rodzinnego i zawodowego. Wskazano na ogromną dysproporcję między przygotowaniem do ról zawodowych i rodzinnych – na niekorzyść tych ostatnich. W związku z zagrożeniami funkcjonowania rodziny współczesnej i pełnienia przez nią zwłaszcza funkcji wychowawczej, zaproponowano upowszechnienie na gruncie pedagogiki rodziny i andragogiki pojęcia „dziedziczenia deprywacji życia rodzinnego”. Całość podjętych w artykule rozważań zmierza do wskazania pilnej potrzeby diagnozowania współczesnej rodziny i opracowania spójnego, wielowymiarowego, wolnego od ideologii systemu edukacji rodzinnej, a szczególnie przygotowania do pełnienia ról rodzicielskich.
«Что делает дьявол на нашем диване?»: Холокост и Ленинградская блокада в прозе Сильвии Хутник, Игоря Остаховича, Андрея Тургенева
Authors: Adelgejm Irina
Published: December 2021

W artykule zaanalizowano teksty polskich autorów Igora Ostachowicza i Sylwii Chutnik oraz rosyjskiego pisarza Andrieja Turgieniewa (pseudonim Wiaczesława Kuricyna), zrodzone perspektywę postpamięci, wcześniej czy później odsłaniającej i wypełniającej „białe plamy” – przez poczucie, że adekwatny dyskurs nie został wypracowany lub też istniejący już dyskurs nie funkcjonuje. Teksty literackie odnoszą się do tej części traumy historycznej, która nie została dostatecznie przepracowana albo została wyparta ze względu na haniebny lub przynajmniej nieheroiczny charakter doświadczenia, co uniemożliwia włączenie go do wielkiej narracji. Głównym pytaniem, na które stara się odpowiedzieć autorka artykułu, jest psychologiczno-artystyczny powód posługiwania się groteską, sarkazmem, czarnym humorem w odniesieniu do tematów sakralizowanych przez samą skalę ludzkiej tragedii – doświadczenie Holokaustu i oblężenie Leningradu.
Cztery eseje o przekładzie
Authors: Styrcz-Przebinda Leokadia , Krużkow Grigorij
Published: December 2021

Przedstawiam tu swoje tłumaczenie czterech esejów Grigorija Krużkowa o przekładzie. Jest to cykl uzupełniających się nawzajem trzech artykułów: Przekład a mechanika kwantowa, Przekład i Eros, Przekład a nieśmiertelność oraz recenzja tłumaczeń Puszkinowskiego Eugeniusza Oniegina na angielski. Refleksja ich autora dotyczy tak ogólnej natury przekładu, jak i analizy artystycznej konkretnych przykładów z anglojęzycznej poezji w tłumaczeniu na rosyjski, a w tekście ostatnim – odwrotnie – różnych wersji przekładu arcydzieła klasyki rosyjskiej na język angielski. Krużkow to oryginalny poeta i tłumacz o wielkim dorobku. Przekładał poetów różnych epok, od Donne’a, Keatsa, Szekspira, Yeatsa, Dickinson po Joyce’a, Kiplinga, Frosta, Heaneya. Ze względu na niezrównane kompetencje praktyczne i teoretyczne autora, od lat prowadzącego swoją pracę przekładową i równolegle badawczą, a także zajmującego się własną twórczością poetycką, teksty te otwierają przed wrażliwym czytelnikiem świat poezji wraz z tajemnicami warsztatu tłumacza.
Learning Personalized Product Recommendations with Customer Disengagement
Authors: Bastani Hamsa , Harsha Pavithra , Perakis Georgia , Singhvi Divya
Published: December 2021

Problem definition: We study personalized product recommendations on platforms when customers have unknown preferences. Importantly, customers may disengage when offered poor recommendations. Academic/practical relevance: Online platforms often personalize product recommendations using bandit algorithms, which balance an exploration-exploitation trade-off. However, customer disengagement—a salient feature of platforms in practice—introduces a novel challenge because exploration may cause customers to abandon the platform. We propose a novel algorithm that constrains exploration to improve performance. Methodology: We present evidence of customer disengagement using data from a major airline’s ad campaign; this motivates our model of disengagement, where a customer may abandon the platform when offered irrelevant recommendations. We formulate the customer preference learning problem as a generalized linear bandit, with the notable difference that the customer’s horizon length is a function of past recommendations. Results: We prove that no algorithm can keep all customers engaged. Unfortunately, classical bandit algorithms provably overexplore, causing every customer to eventually disengage. Motivated by the structural properties of the optimal policy in a scalar instance of our problem, we propose modifying bandit learning strategies by constraining the action space up front using an integer program. We prove that this simple modification allows our algorithm to perform well by keeping a significant fraction of customers engaged. Managerial implications: Platforms should be careful to avoid overexploration when learning customer preferences if customers have a high propensity for disengagement. Numerical experiments on movie recommendations data demonstrate that our algorithm can significantly improve customer engagement.
Shared Fate and Entrepreneurial Collective Action in the U.S. Wood Pellet Market
Authors: Hiatt Shon R. , Park Sangchan
Published: December 2021

Although studies underscore the importance of creating a coherent collective identity in order to legitimate a new market category, strategy and entrepreneurship research is divided on whether and to what degree an entrepreneur will engage in collective action to promote the identity. To reconcile the inconsistency, we introduce the concept of entrepreneurial shared fate—the belief of a focal venture that it and its competitors are bound together by a sense of belongingness and equally experience similar consequences—and explore how external threats can influence the degree of shared fate. We conceptually distinguish between communal and individual threats and propose that communal threats will increase, whereas individual threats will decrease, shared fate. We also explore boundary conditions that strengthen and weaken the main effects of perceived communal and individual threats on collective identity promotion. Empirically, we examine venture identity framing in response to forest-conservation activism in the U.S. wood pellet market. Implications for research on new market categories, collective identity, optimal distinctiveness, and forest management are discussed.
COVID-19 vaccine: Rollout of the school immunisation programme
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: December 2021

Recently, the school COVID-19 immunisation programme was extended to include 12–15-year-olds. Dorothy Lepkowska discusses the rollout
An introduction to chemical peels for the body
Authors: Bowen Michelle
Published: December 2021

This article has been written for medical practitioners who wish to incorporate chemical peels for the body within their daily practice. It will provide the reader with a sound knowledge of what a chemical peel is and why they are useful, and their key ingredients will be identified. Their clinical indications and contraindications will be discussed, as well as what the patient can expect post-procedure. The author concludes that a chemical peel on the body is ideal for combatting moderate problematic acne, reducing hyperpigmentation and treating keratosis. Used appropriately, skin peels can effectively treat these conditions. During the consultation process, the clinician can offer a broader range of treatments, rather than focusing exclusively on the face. In the long term, this will increase profit margins and build good practitioner/patient relationships.
Local device infection successfully treated without pacemaker removal in a neonate: a case report
Authors: Scrascia Giuseppe , Grimaldi Anna Maria Pia , Troise Dario , Catucci Silvana , Maggio Giulio , Vairo Ugo , Giudice Giuseppe , Scalzo Gabriele
Published: December 2021

Aims:

Local device infection is a serious complication, especially in neonates. Complete device removal is the gold standard treatment for cardiac device infection; however, in selected cases alternative strategies could be adopted. We describe a case of a 14-day-old neonate, weighing 2.5kg, who had undergone epicardial double chamber pacemaker implantation for a congenital complete atrioventricular block. The generator pocket was created in the epigastric area below the rectus abdominis. At six days after implantation, pocket infection was found; blood cultures and the transoesophageal echocardiogram were normal. Due to the low weight of the neonate, and the limited possibility of finding a new comfortable site for housing the generator far from the infected area, we opted for a conservative strategy. We successfully applied a combination of antibiotic therapy, a vacuum-assisted wound closure system (KCI, Germany) for 40 days, and then skin transfer flap from the right flank without device removal. At one-year follow-up there were no local or systemic signs of infection.
Evaluation of the safety and healing potential of a fibroin-aloe gel film for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Worasakwutiphong Saran , Termwattanaphakdee Tanapron , Kamolhan Thanpawee , Phimnuan Preeyawass , Sittichokechaiwut Anuphan , Viyoch Jarupa
Published: December 2021

Objective:

This study aimed to develop a wound dressing prepared from the blending of silkworm fibroin and aloe gel extract for use in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

Methods:

Fibroin extracted from silkworm cocoons and aloe gel extract were dissolved in deionised water. pH levels were then adjusted with lactic acid solution. A simple casting technique was used to obtain the fibroin–aloe gel film. The surface morphology, hardness, flexibility and infrared spectrum of the sterilised film were tested. Swelling ratio was measured from changes in weight. The cytocompatibility of the film to human dermal fibroblast was determined using XTT assay. Hard-to-heal DFUs (grade I Wagner score) were treated with the film for four weeks. The application site was assessed for allergic reactions and/or sensitisation. Wound size was measured using standardised digital photography.

Results:

A total of five hard-to-heal DFUs were treated. The obtained film sterilised with ozonation showed a non-porous structure. The elongation at break and tensile strength of the wet film were 9.00±0.95% and 6.89±1.21N, respectively. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy data indicated the presence of amides I, II and III, of peptide linkage, which are the chemical characteristics of the fibroin. Functional groups relating to healing activity of the aloe gel extract were also found. The swelling ratio of the film immersed in water for 24 hours was 0.8±0.01. In three DFUs (40–50mm2 in size), a wound area reduction of 0.4–0.8mm2/day was observed and were healed in 2–3 weeks. The remaining two SFUs (500mm2 in size) showed a wound area reduction of 4mm2/day and were almost closed at four weeks. No allergic reaction or infection was observed in any of the wounds.

Conclusion:

The obtained film showed a non-porous structure, and its strength and flexibility were adequate for storage and handling. The film tended to increase the proliferation of fibroblasts. The wound dressing showed potential for accelerating the healing rate of DFUs.
Tight glycaemic control and surgical site infections post cardiac surgery: a systematic review
Authors: Hweidi Issa M , Zytoo Ala M , Hayajneh Audai A
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most serious potential complications post cardiac surgery among patients with diabetes and has a number of adverse health outcomes. The literature shows discrepancies regarding the effect of different glycaemic control protocols on reducing adverse health outcomes including SSIs. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review that investigated the effect of the optimal range of tight glycaemic control protocols using a continuous insulin infusion on reducing the incidence of SSIs in adult patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery.

Method:

A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement and guidelines. Search terms were used to identify research studies published between 2000 and 2019 across five key databases, including CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Database and Google Scholar.

Results:

A total of 12 studies met the review inclusion criteria. The reviewed literature tended to support the implementation of a tight glycaemic control protocol, particularly in the postoperative phase, that demonstrated fewer potential complications associated with cardiac surgery. On the other hand, the literature also supported the application of a moderate glycaemic control protocol in the intraoperative phase to obtain better glycaemic stability with fewer potential complications among those patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery.

Conclusion:

This analysis concludes that tight glycaemic control is more effective than moderate glycaemic control intraoperatively in terms of glycaemic stability among patients with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery. Results also emphasised the importance of time-based protocol implementation to ensure better health outcomes and better quality of care for patients.
Scientific Culture and Education Sector: Literacy, Understanding, or Engagement?
Authors: Maxera Marianella , Álvarez-Blanco Lucía
Published: December 2021

Scientific culture has been a concern for decades in the developed world, giving rise to conceptual changes known as paradigms. The first one is the longstanding literacy paradigm, defined by the skills and knowledge acquired at the education institution. It has been followed by the public understanding of science paradigm, related to the scientific understanding and an allegedly subsequent positive attitude towards science. Lastly, the engagement with science paradigm or science and society paradigm involves people's implications about the science-technology controversies with significant social impact. This article reflects how science teaching has evolved along the years in line with the scientific culture's conceptual shifts. It is concluded that this triad of paradigms is thus of a school nature, given that educational fields have suffered from transformation processes under the same vision of the world (world view), which has also changed the concept of scientific culture. Individuals in a research community learn ways of thinking, feeling and acting and therefore cannot help feeling a liking for what is short-lived and has not taken roots, both inside and outside the school in our postmodern age
The Relationship between Conditioning Regimen with Viral and Fungal Infections in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Merve Pamukcuoglu
Published: December 2021

Background: Infections are one of the most important factors that adversely affect the transplantation process at hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Quality of life and even the loss of patients due to infection may result in the failure of the HSCT. While the studies in the literature were mostly related to bacterial infections in HSCT, the viral and fungal infections were evaluated. The relationship between viral and fungal infections and the types of conditioning regimens used in HSCT was investigated.

Methods: Three hundred fifthy one (351) patients who had allogeneic HSCT were performed. The viral and / or fungal infections and conditioning regimens were determined from the medical records. The conditioning regimens were evaluated in two groups as myeloablative and non-myeloablative. We aimed to determine the statistical relationship between viral and fungal infections and type of conditioning regimen.

Results: Of the 351 patients, 104 had CMV infection, 4 had parvovirus infection, and 87 had fungal infection. Myeloablative regimen was used in 226 of 351 patients and non-myeloablative regimen was used in 125 patients. There was no significant relationship between the type of conditioning regimen and CMV, parvovirus and fungal infections.

Conclusion: The lack of a significant relationship between the type of conditioning regimen and the viral and fungal infections during HSCT provides the clinician with the choice of the conditioning regimen. However; we need to do more studies with larger case series and also relationship between the type of conditioning regimen and viral and fungal infections should be more clearly demonstrated.
Inventando el crimen pasional: del lenguaje de gacetilla a la prensa de sucesos (España, 1892-1920)
Authors: Laguna Platero Antonio , Martínez Gallego Francesc-Andreu
Published: December 2021

El término «crimen pasional» surgió en la prensa española en 1892. El objetivo de este trabajo es desvelar el porqué y entender su relación con la prensa sensacionalista y, en especial, con la prensa especializada en sucesos.
El segon exili del cardenal Vidal i Barraquer (1939-1943)
Authors: Tarés Lagunas Manel
Published: December 2021

A partir d’unes memòries inèdites del canonge Joan Viladrich, secretari particular del cardenal Francesc Vidal i Barraquer, ens endinsem en el segon i definitiu exili del prelat tarragoní, el corresponent a la proscripció imposada per Franco. Presentem el cardenal com una figura incòmoda per al nou règim instaurat a Espanya, el qual aconseguí desprendre-se’n davant d’un Vaticà impassible o incapaç de trobar solució a l’afer. En els informes de Vidal al pontífex, es pot comprovar la seva desaprovació del règim franquista i la lluita infructuosa per mirar de revertir la seva situació personal.
Pliocene marine Bivalvia of Vale do Freixo (Pombal, Portugal): updated taxonomic list and discussion
Authors: Pimentel Ricardo Jorge , Callapez Pedro Miguel , Legoinha Paulo
Published: December 2021

The exceptional Pliocene marine faunal assemblages of west central Portugal have been known since the late 19th century. They include highly diverse molluscan faunas whose study is far to be completed. Discovered nearly 40 years ago, Vale do Freixo (Carnide, Pombal) is perhaps the most outstanding fossil site. Neverthless, the bivalves remain relatively unknown. This study focuses on the taxonomy of this relevant group of marine Mollusca. The research, based on a detailed sampling of three fossiliferous beds from the Carnide Formation, yielded a list of 85 species belonging to 75 genera and 32 families. Forty-three species are new for the Carnide area and twenty-three are reported for the first time in the Portuguese Pliocene, increasing to 115 the number of known species in the Mondego Basin in the Beira Litoral.
Entrevista a Antoni González Iturbe
Authors: Bernat Francesc
Published: December 2021

Francesc Bernat Baltrons entrevista Antoni Gonz´ález Iturbe. 
L'entrevista es pot visualitzar a: https://youtu.be/02b297pfQCQ
Generation of frequency 32-tupling millimeter-wave based on a dual-parallel polarization modulator
Authors: Chen Xinqiao , Liu Xiaorui , Dai Siyuan , Li Zhihan , Ba Wenyao , Wang Dongfei
Published: December 2021

A scheme to generate a frequency 32-tupling millimeter wave (mm-wave) is proposed, enabled by two dual-parallel polarization modulators (DP-PolMs) in cascade. By properly controlling the amplitude and the phase shift of the radio-frequency (RF) driving signal applied to two DP-PolMs, the main optical components at the output of the DP-PolM are

±
16

th order optical sidebands and the central carrier. After the central carrier is canceled by the polarization multiplexing structure, the

±
16

th order optical sidebands are beaten in the photodetector; then the frequency 32-tupling mm-wave can be achieved. The optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) and the radio-frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) of the generated signal are 52 and 47 dB in simulation, which are consistent with the theoretical analysis values 53.7 and 47.7 dB. The influence on the OSSR and RFSSR of the generated signal by the key parameters of devices deviating from the theoretical analysis value

i

are investigated.
Noise-trained deep neural networks effectively predict human vision and its neural responses to challenging images
Authors: Jang Hojin , McCormack Devin , Tong Frank
Published: December 2021

Deep neural networks (DNNs) for object classification have been argued to provide the most promising model of the visual system, accompanied by claims that they have attained or even surpassed human-level performance. Here, we evaluated whether DNNs provide a viable model of human vision when tested with challenging noisy images of objects, sometimes presented at the very limits of visibility. We show that popular state-of-the-art DNNs perform in a qualitatively different manner than humans—they are unusually susceptible to spatially uncorrelated white noise and less impaired by spatially correlated noise. We implemented a noise training procedure to determine whether noise-trained DNNs exhibit more robust responses that better match human behavioral and neural performance. We found that noise-trained DNNs provide a better qualitative match to human performance; moreover, they reliably predict human recognition thresholds on an image-by-image basis. Functional neuroimaging revealed that noise-trained DNNs provide a better correspondence to the pattern-specific neural representations found in both early visual areas and high-level object areas. A layer-specific analysis of the DNNs indicated that noise training led to broad-ranging modifications throughout the network, with greater benefits of noise robustness accruing in progressively higher layers. Our findings demonstrate that noise-trained DNNs provide a viable model to account for human behavioral and neural responses to objects in challenging noisy viewing conditions. Further, they suggest that robustness to noise may be acquired through a process of visual learning.
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine boosters: The time to act is now
Authors: Petersen Maya , Schwab Joshua , Havlir Diane V.
Published: December 2021

We have a new and unprecedented opportunity to mitigate the suffering, death and inequities of COVID-19 in the United States with vaccine boosters—if we deploy them effectively, rapidly, and widely with simplified messaging to all eligible adults.
The impact of climate suitability, urbanisation, and connectivity on the expansion of dengue in 21st century Brazil
Authors: Lee Sophie A. , Economou Theodoros , de Castro Catão Rafael , Barcellos Christovam , Lowe Rachel
Published: December 2021

Dengue is hyperendemic in Brazil, with outbreaks affecting all regions. Previous studies identified geographical barriers to dengue transmission in Brazil, beyond which certain areas, such as South Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, were relatively protected from outbreaks. Recent data shows these barriers are being eroded. In this study, we explore the drivers of this expansion and identify the current limits to the dengue transmission zone. We used a spatio-temporal additive model to explore the associations between dengue outbreaks and temperature suitability, urbanisation, and connectivity to the Brazilian urban network. The model was applied to a binary outbreak indicator, assuming the official threshold value of 300 cases per 100,000 residents, for Brazil’s municipalities between 2001 and 2020. We found a nonlinear relationship between higher levels of connectivity to the Brazilian urban network and the odds of an outbreak, with lower odds in metropoles compared to regional capitals. The number of months per year with suitable temperature conditions forAedesmosquitoes was positively associated with the dengue outbreak occurrence. Temperature suitability explained most interannual and spatial variation in South Brazil, confirming this geographical barrier is influenced by lower seasonal temperatures. Municipalities that had experienced an outbreak previously had double the odds of subsequent outbreaks. We identified geographical barriers to dengue transmission in South Brazil, western Amazon, and along the northern coast of Brazil. Although a southern barrier still exists, it has shifted south, and the Amazon no longer has a clear boundary. Few areas of Brazil remain protected from dengue outbreaks. Communities living on the edge of previous barriers are particularly susceptible to future outbreaks as they lack immunity. Control strategies should target regions at risk of future outbreaks as well as those currently within the dengue transmission zone.
Lateral flow devices for samples collected by straw sampling method for postmortem canine rabies diagnosis
Authors: Mananggit Milagros R. , Manalo Daria L. , Saito Nobuo , Kimitsuki Kazunori , Garcia Alyssa Marie G. , Lacanilao Patricia Mae T. , Ongtangco Joely T. , Velasco Cornhlo R. , del Rosario Maria Victoria A. , Lagayan Maria Glofezita O. , Yamada Kentaro , Park Chun-Ho , Inoue Satoshi , Suzuki Motoi , Saito-Obata Mariko , Kamiya Yasuhiko , Demetria Catalino S. , Quiambao Beatriz P. , Nishizono Akira
Published: December 2021

The direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT) using brain sample after opening the skull is the standard rabies diagnostic test in animal rabies. However, it is not feasible in many resource-limited settings. Lateral flow devices (LFD) combined with a simple sampling methodology is quicker, simpler, and less hazardous than the standard test and can be a useful tool. We conducted a prospective on-site study to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the LFD with the straw sampling method compared with that of the dFAT with the skull opening procedure for post-mortem canine rabies diagnosis. We collected 97 rabies-suspected animals between December 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Among the 97 samples, 53 and 50 cases were positive tests for dFAT and LFD, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of LFD with straw sampling method were 94.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 84.3–98.8%) and 100% (95% CI, 92.0–100%), respectively. The performance of LFD by the straw sampling method showed relatively high sensitivity and 100% specificity compared with that of dFAT performed on samples collected after opening the skull. This methodology can be beneficial and is a strong tool to overcome limited animal surveillance in remote areas. However, because of our limited sample size, more data using fresh samples on-site and the optimizations are urgently needed for the further implementation in endemic areas.
Preferences of seniors living in selected Baltic Sea region countries towards the use of indoor public space furniture
Authors: Fabisiak Beata , Jankowska Anna , Kłos Robert , Knudsen Joan , Gillsjö Catharina , Kuprienko Igor , Vidiasova Lyudmila , Poberznik Anja , Kreigere Vineta
Published: December 2021

Demographic changes can be observed all over the world. The number of seniors located in the societies of well-developed countries continues to rise. Both enterprises and governments need to be prepared for such changes. Consequently, public spaces need to evolve to reduce problems related to ageism and be friendly to all. Much attention is currently being paid to finding solutions for redesigning public spaces and adjusting them to the needs and requirements of senior citizens. To identify the preferences of seniors in relation to the characteristics of furniture in indoor public spaces, a survey study with 1539 respondents aged 60+ was conducted in Denmark, Finland, Latvia, Poland, Russia and Sweden. The gathered data were coded and implemented to the unified database. The statistical grouping method was used to recognize the characteristics of the needs and attitudes of seniors related to the use of public space furniture. The main variables taken into consideration in the analysis were the age and gender of respondents and their country of living. Among the most important findings are those indicating the necessity to provide the increased number of furniture for sitting in the public spaces and making sure they are not located too far away from each other. As the main disadvantages of public space furniture respondents indicated the lack of armrests or other solutions to facilitate getting up and/or sitting down, as well as profiled backrests that constitute solid support for the spine. The implementation of these data in the process of rethinking and redesigning public spaces may support the adaptation of indoor public furniture according to the requirements of a very large group of customers, namely, seniors.
Heart rate variability before and after 14 weeks of training in Thoroughbred horses and Standardbred trotters with different training experience
Authors: Nyerges-Bohák Zsófia , Nagy Krisztina , Rózsa László , Póti Péter , Kovács Levente
Published: December 2021

Changes in heart rate and heart rate variabilty (HRV) were investigated in untrained (UT; starting their first racing season) and detrained (DT; with 1–3 years of race experience) racehorses before and after 14-week conventional training. HRV was measured at rest over 1 h between 9:00 and 10:00 AM on the usual rest day of the horses. The smallest worthwhile change (SWC) rate was calculated for all HRV parameters. UT horses had significantly higher heart rate compared to DT (P<0.001). There were no gender- or training-related differences in heart rate. The root-mean-square of successive differences (rMSSD) in the consecutive inter-beat-intervals obtained after the 14-week training period was lower compared to pre-training rMSSD (P<0.001). The rMSSD was not influenced by breed, age or gender. In DT horses, there was a significant decrease in the high frequency (HF) component of HRV (P≤0.05) as the result of the 14-week training. These results may reflect saturation of high-frequency oscillations of inter-beat intervals rather than the reduction in parasympathetic influence on the heart. The HF did not differ significantly between the two measurements in UT horses; however, 16.6% of the animals showed a decrease in HF below SWC (P≤0.05). This supports the likelihood of parasympathetic saturation. Although no significant decrease in heart rate was found for the post-training, 30.0% of DT and 58.3% of UT horses still showed a decrease in heart rate below the SWC. Also by individual examination, it was also visible that despite significant post-training decrease in rMSSD, 1 (4.6%) DT and 2 (6.7%) UT horses reached SWC increase in rMMSD. In the case of these horses, the possibility of maladaptation should be considered. The present results indicate that similar to as found in human athletes, cardiac ANS status of racehorses also changes during the physiological adaptation to training. To explore more precise links between HRV and training effectiveness in horses, a more frequent recording would be necessary. Detailed analysis of HRV parameters based on SWC will be able to highlight the importance of fitness evaluation at individual level.
What travel scenarios are the opportunities of car sharing?
Authors: Xu Yan , Ji Xuehong , Jin Ziniu
Published: December 2021

In face of high-investment and low-revenue crisis, it is critical for new-born car-sharing companies to focus on niche market. Existing literatures have already discussed the niche market of car sharing based on people’s irregular travel demands and scenarios; however, current research findings are still lack of adequate travel data support. Aiming to solve this problem, we develop a travel scenarios mining method that first define land usage types of travel Origin-Destination (OD) locations using spatial clustering analysis of city’s Points of interests (POI) data, and then discover the most representative travel scenarios using association rules mining method with car-sharing records data. Applying this approach to the car-sharing service case in Beijing, China, we find that: day-time business trips and evening entertainment trips around the city centre, commuting trips in off-peak time, and short-distance city travel for tourism are three travel scenarios suitable for car sharing’s niche in the initial stage of market entering. Furthermore, spatio-temporal consumption profiles and competitive advantages of car sharing in the three travel scenarios are analyzed. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications are discussed. In this study, we address the question of finding niche market and suggest that it is critical for car sharing industry treading through the crisis in the early stage of development.
An assessment of marine, estuarine, and riverine habitat vulnerability to climate change in the Northeast U.S.
Authors: Farr Emily R. , Johnson Michael R. , Nelson Mark W. , Hare Jonathan A. , Morrison Wendy E. , Lettrich Matthew D. , Vogt Bruce , Meaney Christopher , Howson Ursula A. , Auster Peter J. , Borsuk Frank A. , Brady Damian C. , Cashman Matthew J. , Colarusso Phil , Grabowski Jonathan H. , Hawkes James P. , Mercaldo-Allen Renee , Packer David B. , Stevenson David K.
Published: December 2021

Climate change is impacting the function and distribution of habitats used by marine, coastal, and diadromous species. These impacts often exacerbate the anthropogenic stressors that habitats face, particularly in the coastal environment. We conducted a climate vulnerability assessment of 52 marine, estuarine, and riverine habitats in the Northeast U.S. to develop an ecosystem-scale understanding of the impact of climate change on these habitats. The trait-based assessment considers the overall vulnerability of a habitat to climate change to be a function of two main components, sensitivity and exposure, and relies on a process of expert elicitation. The climate vulnerability ranks ranged from low to very high, with living habitats identified as the most vulnerable. Over half of the habitats examined in this study are expected to be impacted negatively by climate change, while four habitats are expected to have positive effects. Coastal habitats were also identified as highly vulnerable, in part due to the influence of non-climate anthropogenic stressors. The results of this assessment provide regional managers and scientists with a tool to inform habitat conservation, restoration, and research priorities, fisheries and protected species management, and coastal and ocean planning.
Projection-based stereolithography for direct 3D printing of heterogeneous ultrasound phantoms
Authors: Paulsen Samantha J. , Mitcham Trevor M. , Pan Charlene S. , Long James , Grigoryan Bagrat , Sazer Daniel W. , Harlan Collin J. , Janson Kevin D. , Pagel Mark D. , Miller Jordan S. , Bouchard Richard R.
Published: December 2021

Modern ultrasound (US) imaging is increasing its clinical impact, particularly with the introduction of US-based quantitative imaging biomarkers. Continued development and validation of such novel imaging approaches requires imaging phantoms that recapitulate the underlying anatomy and pathology of interest. However, current US phantom designs are generally too simplistic to emulate the structure and variability of the human body. Therefore, there is a need to create a platform that is capable of generating well-characterized phantoms that can mimic the basic anatomical, functional, and mechanical properties of native tissues and pathologies. Using a 3D-printing technique based on stereolithography, we fabricated US phantoms using soft materials in a single fabrication session, without the need for material casting or back-filling. With this technique, we induced variable levels of stable US backscatter in our printed materials in anatomically relevant 3D patterns. Additionally, we controlled phantom stiffness from 7 to >120 kPa at the voxel level to generate isotropic and anisotropic phantoms for elasticity imaging. Lastly, we demonstrated the fabrication of channels with diameters as small as 60 micrometers and with complex geometry (e.g., tortuosity) capable of supporting blood-mimicking fluid flow. Collectively, these results show that projection-based stereolithography allows for customizable fabrication of complex US phantoms.
How to assure the quality of clinical records? A 7-year experience in a large academic hospital
Authors: Scarpis Enrico , Brunelli Laura , Tricarico Pierfrancesco , Poletto Marco , Panzera Angela , Londero Carla , Castriotta Luigi , Brusaferro Silvio
Published: December 2021

Introduction

Clinical record (CR) is the primary tool used by healthcare workers (HCWs) to record clinical information and its completeness can help achieve safer practices. CR is the most appropriate source in order to measure and evaluate the quality of care. In order to achieve a safety climate is fundamental to involve a responsive healthcare workforce thorough peer-review and feedbacks. This study aims to develop a peer-review tool for clinical records quality assurance, presenting the seven-year experience in the evolution of it; secondary aims are to describe the CR completeness and HCWs’ diligence toward recording information in it.

Methods

To assess the completeness of CRs a peer-review tool was developed in a large Academic Hospital of Northern Italy. This tool included measurable items that examined different themes, moments and levels of the clinical process. Data were collected every three months between 2010 and 2016 by appointed and trained HCWs from 42 Units; the hospital Quality Unit was responsible for of processing and validating them. Variations in the proportion of CR completeness were assessed using Cochran-Armitage test for trends.

Results

A total of 9,408 CRs were evaluated. Overall CR completeness improved significantly from 79.6% in 2010 to 86.5% in 2016 (p<0.001). Doctors’ attitude showed a trend similar to the overall completeness, while nurses improved more consistently (p<0.001). Most items exploring themes, moments and levels registered a significant improvement in the early years, then flattened in last years. Results of the validation process were always above the cut-off of 75%.

Conclusions

This peer-review tool enabled the Quality Unit and hospital leadership to obtain a reliable picture of CRs completeness, while involving the HCWs in the quality evaluation. The completeness of CR showed an overall positive and significant trend during these seven years.