bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A child – the subject or “the object” of school celebrations, customs, and ceremonies? An attempt to outline the problem on the example of educational and child care institutions in Łódź in the 19th and 20thcenturies
Authors: Sosnowska Joanna
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the work was to present the type, course and meaning of the widely defined school celebrations with children as the main actors in the multinational and multi-religious contexts of Lodz in the 19th and 20th centuries. The author’s intention was to provide an answer to the key question of this study: did children prepared for school celebrations and events and participating in them, were the subjects of the education process or rather, were they tool on which the school (e.g. boards of charitable organizations, municipal or church authorities, education authorities, teachers, or carers) exerted its influence. To what extent did the organization of school events result from the establishment’s rituals and to what extent was the need for this kind of “ceremonies” affected by the local (social and political) environment? The historical background of the work is the time before the Great War, the years of 1914–1918, and the time of Interwar Poland. Bearing in mind the historical and pedagogical aspects referred to above, the author tried to present events with young participants held in institutions run by charitable organizations (by 1914); ceremonies related to the promotion of students of initial years of municipal schools (1914–1918) and celebrations and ceremonies held in care institutions for girls and boys. The research is based on archive materials, press materials, historical and contemporary literature on the subject.
Rethinking Digital Games in a Critical and Participatory Perspectives. A Brief Reflection
Authors: Da Silva Leite Patrícia , Andrade Torquato Schimidt Deborah
Published: October 2019

Digital games are social objects created based on our culture and society and at the same time they contribute to shaping our world. Through a critical perspective of digital games and technology, it is possible to discuss the unfolding of these artefacts in our society and also understand their relevance beyond an instrumental view. In this paper, we present a brief reflection based on two researches developed by the authors: the first, regarding the link between digital games and people with disabilities; and the second, about contributions of digital games to a critical education. Our goal with this work is to highlight the emancipatory and participatory potential present in the critical vision of digital games.
Botanical Microphotography in the Perspective of Philosophy of Culture
Authors: Bogaczyk-Vormayr Małgorzata
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to briefly outline my own cognitive experience, characterized by knowledge transfer and aesthetic experience, which arises from making BioArt. Specifically, I do nature photography, using the micro-photography technique. In this article, I distinguish – in terms of methodology and value — between interdisciplinary research in the social sciences and the postulate of transdisciplinary research, which leads me to reject the so-called plantality model — a linguistic concept employed by G. Deleuze and F. Guattari (Rhizome). I argue for a critical approach to this line of post-humanist reflection on non-human life that is not characterized by knowledge transfer. The article includes a report on the course of my research (parts 2 and 3), and a reflection of its relevance to the philosophy of art and philosophy of culture (parts 1, 3, 3.1, 4). The report from my own research and artistic activity includes a description of the transformation of my working space, the process of acquiring new disciplinary tools and skills — an experience that I call a change of attitude — and a presentation of nature microphotography (mainly plant photography). I provide a technical commentary on the presented photographs with regard to the process of their creation (e.g. botanical and optical information related to the microscopic slides and equipment), as well as philosophical comments. The philosophical reflection includes the postulate of alterity, which, in my view, is endemic to post-humanist thought, as well as a postulate called the primacy of abstraction, which reflects the non-naturalistic, anti-illustrative, and interpretative character of artistic microphotography (in contrast to the illustrative nature of “the plantality discourse of philosophy”).
Sisyphus Cannot Rest. Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Thiel Volker
Published: October 2019

The use of machines with artificial intelligence in different areas of life and the trend to develop a „homunculus“ makes ethical rating necessary. Starting with early rules of behavior and moral norms, traditions in the occidental ethic history will be presented and faced with the question, whether they can be of any help to understand artificial intelligence, and which conclusions should be considered while developing and using machines with (strong) artifical intelligence by individuals, states, and finally, the whole world.
Sądy, sędziowie, sykofanci w Acharnejczykach Arystofanesa
Authors: Szefliński Waldemar
Published: October 2019

Szefliński Waldemar, Sądy, sędziowie i sykofanci w „Acharnejczykach” Arystofanesa (Courts, judges, and sycophants in Aristophanes’ Acharnians).The article is a voice in the discussion on the reception of Aristophanic comedies. Through a detailed analysis of all the court-related aspects of the Acharnians (lexicon pertaining to legal issues, court accessories, individuals involved in court proceedings as well as court-related onymy), it is argued that the comedy, traditionally viewed as an anti-war text, can also be included into the body of Aristophanes’ comedies that satirize various aspect of the Athenian juridical reality of the 5th century BCE.
Komediowa „Eneida”
Authors: Piętka Radosław
Published: October 2019

Piętka Radosław, Komediowa „Eneida” (Comedy in Vergil’s Aeneid).The paper deals with the references – hypothetical and/or unquestionable – to comedy and comic conventions in the Aeneid of Vergil. Taking into consideration as many comic constituents as it is possible to retrieve from the Virgilian epic text, I would also like to try to answer the general question concerning supposed influence of these very constituents on the meaning of the whole text of the Aeneid.
Analiza elegii Budae a Turcis occupatae querela ze zbioru Tristiów Klemensa Janickiego
Authors: Zaborowska-Musiał Justyna
Published: October 2019

Analiza elegii Budae a Turcis occupatae querela ze zbioru Tristiów Klemensa Janickiego (The analysis of the elegy Budae a Turcis occupatae querela of Klemens Janicki’s Tristia).This article contains the analysis of the so far little researched elegy from the book of Tristia by an Early Modern Polish poet Klemens Janicki (Clemens Ianicius) written after the Turks conquered Buda in the summer of 1541. The analysis focuses on the composition of Janicki’s elegy, the method and means used by the poet to get the recipients to take action against Turkey imperiling Europe.
Epigrafika łacińska w farze poznańskiej. Inskrypcje w ołtarzach i kaplicach świętych jezuickich
Authors: Rosół Rafał
Published: October 2019

Rosół Rafał, Epigrafika łacińska w farze poznańskiej. Inskrypcje w ołtarzach i kaplicach świętych jezuickich (Latin Epigraphy in the Parish Church in Poznań. Inscriptions in the altars and chapels of the Jesuit Saints).The paper deals with some Latin inscriptions from the Parish Church in Poznań (the former Jesuit Church). The material under consideration is located in two altars and five chapels devoted to the Jesuit Saints. The author provides a critical edition of the texts, their Polish translations, as well as a commentary.
An Ulsterman Named Achilles
Authors: Schade Gerson
Published: October 2019

Schade Gerson, An Ulsterman Named Achilles (Ulsterczyk o imieniu Achilles).A new novel by an English-writing author turns out to be a careful reworking of the story of Achilles, as it is told by Homer. The article elucidates how the modern text works and suggests how it may relate to an ‘Irish’ gaze. A new term, décalage, is introduced to describe a particular poetic device that belongs to the many ways of establishing intertextuality.
The influence of taurine and L-carnitine on 6 β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio in human urine of healthy volunteers
Authors: Makhova Anna A. , Shikh Eugenia V. , Bulko Tatiana V. , Sizova Zhanna M. , Shumyantseva Victoria V.
Published: October 2019

Background

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs, EC 1.14.14.1) are the main enzymes of drug metabolism. The functional significance of CYPs also includes the metabolism of foreign chemicals and endogenic biologically active compounds. The CYP3A4 isoform contributes to the metabolism of about half of all marketed medicinal preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two biologically active compounds: 2-aminoethane-sulfonic acid (taurine) and 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylaminobutyrate (L-carnitine) on urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol (6β-OHC/cortisol) metabolic ratio as a biomarker of the CYP3A4 activity of healthy volunteers. Taurine is used for the treatment of chronic heart failure and liver disease. Cardiologists, nephrologists, neurologists, gerontologists in addition to the main etiopathogenetic therapies, use L-carnitine. The quantification of the 6β-OHC/cortisol metabolic ratio as a biomarker of CYP3A4 activity in human urine was used for the assessment of CYP3A4 catalytic activity as a non-invasive test.

Methods

The study included 18 healthy male volunteers (aged from 18 to 35 years old). The volunteers took taurine in a dose of 500 mg twice a day or L-carnitine in a dose of 2.5 mL 3 times a day for 14 consecutive days. The test drug was given 20 min before meals. The collection of urine samples was performed before and after 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after taurine intake. The metabolic ratio of 6β-OHC/cortisol in morning spot urine samples was studied by the liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) method.

Results

The ratio of 6-6β-OHC/cortisol was used as a biomarker to study the taurine and L-carnitine influence on CYP3A4 metabolism of cortisol. The ratio of urinary 6β-OCH/cortisol in the morning urine samples of volunteers before the beginning of taurine therapy (baseline ratio) was 2.71 ± 0.2. Seven days after the administration of taurine in a dose of 500 mg twice a day, the 6β-OCH/cortisol ratio was 3.3 ± 0.2, which indicated the increased catalytic activity of CYP3A4 towards cortisol. As for the L-carnitine supplementation, analysis of the 6β-OCH/cortisol ratio in the urine for 14 days did not show any significant changes in this baseline ratio, indicating the lack of L-carnitine influence on the catalytic activity of CYP3A4 to cortisol.

Conclusions

The results obtained demonstrated the influence of taurine on 6β-OCH/cortisol metabolic ratio as a biomarker of CYP3A4 catalytic activity to cortisol. L-carnitine did not affect the activity of CYP3A4. The lack of a clinically meaningful effect of L-carnitine was established.
Characteristics of obstetric admissions to intensive care unit: APACHE II, SOFA and the Glasgow Coma Scale
Authors: Fadiloglu Erdem , Bulut Yuksel Nihal Deniz , Unal Canan , Ocal Serpil , Akinci Seda Banu , Topeli Arzu , Beksac M. Sinan
Published: October 2019

Objective

To evaluate the characteristics of obstetric admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU) and assess the utility of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).

Methods

This study is consisted of 160 patients admitted to an ICU during the antenatal period or within 7 days at the postpartum period. Clinical characteristics and ICU scores were evaluated.

Results

The rate of admission to the ICU was 7.8/1000 deliveries. Four cases ended with maternal mortality (2.5%). The most common hospitalization indications were hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, cardiovascular disorders and obstetric hemorrhage, at 40 (25%), 34 (21.2%), and 31 (19.3%) cases, respectively. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis for prediction of maternal mortality revealed area under curve (AUC) values as 0.971 both for APACHE II and predicted mortality rate (PMR), and 24.5 and 47.1 were determined as the cut-offs with sensitivities of 100%. AUCs were also 0.901 and 0.929 for the initial and worst SOFA score, respectively. The cut-off value for the initial and worst SOFA score was 3.5, with a sensitivity of 100%, and was 10 with a specificity of 98.9%, respectively.

Conclusion

APACHE II and PMR overpredict maternal mortality, but those higher scores predict maternal mortality. Higher SOFA scores are related with maternal mortalities with high specificity.
CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dot assisted color conversion of violet laser diode for white lighting communication
Authors: Wang Wei-Chun , Wang Huai-Yung , Chen Tzu-Yu , Tsai Cheng-Ting , Cheng Chih-Hsien , Kuo Hao-Chung , Lin Gong-Ru
Published: October 2019

By color-converting the violet laser diode (VLD) with a cadmium selenide and zinc sulfide (CdSe/ZnS) core-shell-quantum dot (QD) doped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, the VLD + CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QD transferred white-light with improved color rendering index (CRI) is demonstrated for high-speed indoor visible lighting communication. To facilitate hue saturation value (HSV) of the VLD + CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QD white-lighting module, dual-sized CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QDs with two luminescent wavelengths centered at 515 and 630 nm are doped into the PDMS. The CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QD doped PDMS phosphor with the optimized thickness of 2.5 mm serves as the beam divergent color-converter, which not only excites red (R) and green (G) fluorescence to detune the correlated color temperature (CCT) and CRI of the mixed red/green/violet (RGV) white-light, but also remains the residual VLD signal for data transmission. With a divergent angle of 127°, such a VLD + CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QD can deliver cold white-light with a CCT of 6389 K and a CRI of 63.3 at Commission International de l’Eclairage coordinate of 0.3214, 0.2755. Most important, the residual VLD light component is relatively weak with its wavelength out of the peak optical sensitivity region of the human retina centered at 441 nm. The directly encoded VLD + CdSe/ZnS core-shell-QD white light successfully carries the 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) discrete multitone data, which supports the maximal transmission data rate of 9.6 Gbit/s with a bit error ratio (BER) of 3.59 × 10−3.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[μ2-4,4′-bipyridine-κ2
N:N′)-tetrakis(μ2-2-((3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy)acetato-κ2
O:O′)dicobalt(II)], C19H10Cl6CoN3O6
Authors: Du Zhong-Xiang , Li Jun-Xia , Bai Ruo-Fei
Published: October 2019

C19H10Cl6CoN3O6, tetragonal, I4̄ (no. 82), a = 13.1152(4) Å, c = 14.2497(6) Å, V = 2451.07(18) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0359, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0843, T = 293.2(3) K.
A faculty member learning with and from an undergraduate teaching assistant: Critical reflection in higher education
Authors: Daniello Frank , Acquaviva Caroline
Published: October 2019

This case study describes a student-faculty partnership between an undergraduate teacher education student and a faculty member of teacher education. This faculty-centric partnership aimed to enhance the faculty member’s critical reflection on his pedagogy in an introduction to teacher education course. In this jointly-written article, we offer student and faculty insights about the process we employed, the outcomes of our teaching and learning together, and the complexities of student-faculty working relationships stemming from power dynamics. We also provide recommendations for faculty and students looking to engage in collaborations. These recommendations center on defining partner roles, using video recordings, and addressing power dynamics between students and faculty within higher education. Drawing from our experience, we suggest that student-faculty partnerships are one fruitful avenuefor improving the quality of instruction in higher education. They require minimum financial resources and can enhance faculty pedagogy, which will benefit current and future students.
Partnership through co-creation: Lessons learnt at the University of Adelaide
Authors: Snelling Catherine Anne , Loveys Beth R , Karanicolas Sophie , Schofield Nathan James , Carlson-Jones William , Weissgerber Joanne , Edmonds Ruby , Ngu Jenny
Published: October 2019

This paper describes three exemplars of practice inspired by emerging evidence that student-staff partnerships have the potential to significantly enhance many areas of higher education. Students and academics at the University of Adelaide have successfully implemented this collaborative approach across a range of learning and teaching contexts. The Design Thinking Framework, developed by the Hasso Plattner Institute of Design at Stanford University, was utilised at a faculty, program, and course level to frame each of the exemplars, due to its implicit approach to creativity, collaborative development, and achievement of solutions. The iterative nature of the framework facilitated a review cycle for continuous improvement in each Students-as-Partners’ initiative. Analysing the outcomes of each exemplar has identified common hallmarks of successful partnership, and these indicators have the potential to contribute to the growing body of evidence that defines best practice in this pedagogy
Surface Characteristics of Plasma Treated and Titanium Nitride (TiN) Deposited Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Balanand Santhosh , Bhowmik Shantanu , Datta Madhav , Rane Ramkrishna , Mukherjee Subrato
Published: October 2019

This investigation highlights the rationale of the magnetron sputtering technique to deposit titanium nitride (TiN) coatings on aluminum alloy 2024 (AA 2024). TiN deposition on aluminum was systematically optimized, with nitrogen flow rate (mL/min) as the varying parameter. The developed TiN coatings were compared with the atmospheric pressure plasma treated and raw (uncoated) AA 2024 aluminum substrate surface. The crystalline phase formations of TiN on the alloy surface were studied using X-ray diffractometer technique. The scanning electron microscopy imaging technique was used to study the morphology of the formed ceramic layer. Fine and pore-free grains of TiN on the alloy surface were obtained at 1.5 mL/min nitrogen flow rate (TiN layer thickness ∼ 630 nm). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was conducted on the surface in order to characterize elemental composition of the surface. Surface characteristic and wettability studies on the developed coatings were conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by measurement of contact angle, respectively. The roughness parameter (Ra) (obtained from AFM) increased by ∼72 % with TiN deposition on the AA 2024, while the contact angle value decreased by ∼18 %. The adhesion of the coating to the metal substrate (using scratch test) and the Vickers hardness measurements were also performed. Corrosion resistance imparted by the coatings was also confirmed from the electrochemical measurements. A significant positive shift in the corrosion potential (Ecorr) value from −0.96 V to −0.75 V was observed from the analysis.
Silhouette-Length-Scaled Gait Parameters for Motor Functional Analysis in Mice and Rats
Authors: Timotius Ivanna K. , Moceri Sandra , Plank Anne-Christine , Habermeyer Johanna , Canneva Fabio , Winkler Jürgen , Klucken Jochen , Casadei Nicolas , Riess Olaf , Eskofier Bjoern , von Hörsten Stephan
Published: October 2019

Gait analysis of transgenic mice and rats modeling human diseases often suffers from the condition that those models exhibit genotype-driven differences in body size, weight, and length. Thus, we hypothesized that scaling by the silhouette length improves the reliability of gait analysis allowing normalization for individual body size differences. Here, we computed video-derived silhouette length and area parameters from a standard markerless gait analysis system using image-processing techniques. By using length- and area-derived data along with body weight and age, we systematically scaled individual gait parameters. We compared these different scaling approaches and report here that normalization for silhouette length improves the validity and reliability of gait analysis in general. The application of this silhouette length scaling to transgenic Huntington disease mice and Parkinson´s disease rats identifies the remaining differences reflecting more reliable, body length-independent motor functional differences. Overall, this emphasizes the need for silhouette-length-based intra-assay scaling as an improved standard approach in rodent gait analysis.
Compound Stimuli Reveal the Structure of Visual Motion Selectivity in Macaque MT Neurons
Authors: Zaharia Andrew D. , Goris Robbe L. T. , Movshon J. Anthony , Simoncelli Eero P.
Published: October 2019

Motion selectivity in primary visual cortex (V1) is approximately separable in orientation, spatial frequency, and temporal frequency (“frequency-separable”). Models for area MT neurons posit that their selectivity arises by combining direction-selective V1 afferents whose tuning is organized around a tilted plane in the frequency domain, specifying a particular direction and speed (“velocity-separable”). This construction explains “pattern direction-selective” MT neurons, which are velocity-selective but relatively invariant to spatial structure, including spatial frequency, texture and shape. We designed a set of experiments to distinguish frequency-separable and velocity-separable models and executed them with single-unit recordings in macaque V1 and MT. Surprisingly, when tested with single drifting gratings, most MT neurons’ responses are fit equally well by models with either form of separability. However, responses to plaids (sums of two moving gratings) tend to be better described as velocity-separable, especially for pattern neurons. We conclude that direction selectivity in MT is primarily computed by summing V1 afferents, but pattern-invariant velocity tuning for complex stimuli may arise from local, recurrent interactions.
O lugar de objeto e a materialização linguística dos sentidos em fuga
Authors: Dalmaschio Luciani , Stussi de Mello Martins Vic
Published: October 2019

Discutimos neste texto a produtividade do objeto verbal sob a ótica da relação entre as configurações orgânicas da língua e suas projeções de acionamento enunciativo. Defendemos que esse lugar sintático é constituído não apenas por um espaço na arquitetura da sentença, mas também por aspectos enunciativos que se mobilizam para configurá-lo como um lugar capaz de oferecer progressão referencial ao acontecimento posto em cena pelo dizer. De maneira específica, a análise da projeção do lugar de objeto realizada pelo verbo, não obrigatoriamente explícito, demonstra que esse lugar é profícuo para aquilo que Orlandi (2012) nomeia de fuga dos sentidos. Verificamos que a ausência de um objeto explícito não prescinde de uma ocupação virtual por formações nominais que materializem regularidades historicamente delineadas e propomos o conceito de “intercâmbio entre formações nominais”, assumindo
A prospecção de “O aparelho formal da enunciação”
Authors: Aresi Fábio
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo tem por objetivo a realização de uma leitura do artigo de Émile Benveniste intitulado “O aparelho formal da enunciação” (1970), normalmente considerado como um trabalho de sistematização metodológica da reflexão enunciativa desenvolvida pelo linguista ao longo de três décadas, buscando, em complementaridade com essa visão, destacar o seu aspecto prospectivo e de abertura teórica em relação ao estudo da enunciação. Para tanto, quatro pontos são destacados, a partir dos quais acredita-se ser possível contemplar a possibilidade deixada por Benveniste de novas perspectivas para a análise enunciativa. São eles: a) o aspecto da realização vocal da língua; b) o aspecto da semantização da língua; c) o aspecto redimensionado do quadro formal de realização da língua; d) o último parágrafo do artigo, no qual Benveniste fala sobre os desdobramentos futuros do estudo da enunciação.
Sobre semântica: perspectivas e interfaces
Authors: Tramunt Ibaños Ana Maria , Monawar Monica , Spiering Damé Vergília
Published: October 2019

---
Ethnobiology and Shifting Baselines: An Example Reinterpreting the British Isles’ Most Detailed Account of a Sea Serpent Sighting as Early Evidence for Pre-Plastic Entanglement of Basking Sharks
Authors: France Robert
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecognizing shifts in baseline conditions is necessary for understanding long-term changes in populations as a prelude to implementing present-day management actions and setting future restoration goals for anthropogenically-altered marine ecosystems. Examining historical information contained within anecdotal accounts from non-traditional sources has previously proven useful in this regard. Herein, I scrutinize eyewitness descriptions and illustrations related to the most detailed nineteenth-century report of sighting a purported sea serpent in the British Isles. I then reinterpret this anecdote (as well as complementary evidence offered by cryptozooloogists in its support obtained from other sightings of similarly described unidentified marine objects), suggesting it to provide one of the earliest descriptions of the non-lethal entanglement of an animal—in this case what I believe to have been a basking shark—in European waters. The present work suggests that the entanglement of sharks in fishing gear or hunting equipment has a much longer environmental history than is commonly believed, and provides another example of how ethnozoological studies can contribute toward recognizing past fishing-related pressures and baseline shifts in affected populations.  Sharks, it seems, have been subjected to the impacts of not just direct fishery exploitation but also through becoming by-catch, long before the advent and widespread use of plastic in the middle of the twentieth century.
Effect of External Environment on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Benue State
Authors: Garba ADAMU
Published: October 2019

The study assessed the effect of External Environment on the Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Benue State. Primary and secondary data were used for the study. Primary data were obtained by the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The study made use of 316 respondents from the SMEs in the selected geopolitical zones in Benue. Demographic data obtained from the study were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics such as percentages, frequencies and multiple regressions Analysis. The result also shows that a positive relationship between Political environment, Technological environment and competitive environment with Small and medium scale enterprises performance in Benue State and it is in line with a priori expectation and it is statistically significant (p<0.05). This implies that these external environments dimension significantly contributes in varying degree to the performance of SMEs in Benue State. The coefficient of determination R2 for the study is 77.0% indicating that 77.0% of the variations in the model can be explained by the explanatory variables of the model while 23.0% can be attributed to unexplained variation captured by the stochastic term while the Durbin Watson statistics does not suggest that autocorrelation was a problem in the model of the study. It was also recommended among others that since economic environment made a negative contribution to  the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Benue State, management of SMEs should ensure that all factors caused by economic environment is resolved to  enhance effective performance of SMEs in Benue State.
"ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL, BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS": THE NEGTIVE IMPACT OF GENDER INEQUALITY ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY AND PUBLIC HEALTH
Authors: Danylova T. V. , Kats L. A.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to define the negative impact of gender inequality on the global economy and public health. Theoretical basis. Unequal treatment of individuals based on gender discrimination has led to negative consequences in various areas of society. Gender inequality is very costly for the world due to the lack of representation of women in the labor market, gender income inequality situation, glass ceiling effect that have the negative impact on the world economy. Outdated gender roles, which are inconsistent with the new reality and the idea of human progress, have a significant impact on life expectancy, health, mortality and disease, access to health care and medical care. Originality. The vector of the development of the human society changes its direction, which leads to a renewal of an individual status-role framework, the creation of the new systems of values, theories and ideologies that require a new field of opportunities and free human self-identification and gender-identification. Conclusions. The results show that gender inequality has a negative impact on economic growth and development, as well as on physical and mental health. Strictly fixed gender roles limit free human development. Everyone should have the right to determine her/his gender, her/his interests and behavior patterns, while having the right to personal respect and respect for their honor, convictions, and gender practices.
GENDER PARTNERSHIP AND TOLERANCE PHENOMENON
Authors: Kuzmenko R. I.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The article analyzes the role of such a phenomenon as tolerance in a partnership between a man and a woman, emphasizing its importance and necessity in their relations. The purpose of the study is to estimate the role of the tolerance phenomenon in the process of gender partnership. Theoretical basis. The works of domestic and foreign scientists contributed to estimate the function of tolerance during communication, cooperation and co-creation. In this paper the methodology of E. Fromm and N. Khamitov’s metaanthropology is used. Originality. It was proved that the success of a gender partnership depends on how tolerant its participants are to each other. Besides this, it has been established that tolerance is the main criterion for gender partnership. The idea of tolerance is considered as the way to fruitful development of human relations. For the first time it has been determined that gender partnership can be manifested on the ordinary, frontier and metafrontier levels of human existence. Tolerance has its own specifics and a manifestation on each of them. Conclusions. Metaanthropology has helped to estimate the role of tolerance among men and women in the partnership process. So, it can be stated that tolerance is a basis for gender partnership that harmonizes the relationship among a man and a woman and makes them egalitarian. Only on the metafrontier level of human being tolerance can be manifestation of individual integrity. Sincere, open interaction and creative work with Other are formed on this foundation. Thus, gender partnership with inexhaustible, complementary potential is the vector of development of human relations.
ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF RESEARCH ON THE INFLUENCE OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON MORTARS AND CONCRETES
Authors: G. P. Ivanova  , S. O. Barsukova  , O. V. Khalymendyk  , O. M. Chumak
Published: October 2019

Purpose. In this work, we study the influence of the conditions and parameters of microwave radiation on the change in the physico-mechanical properties of building materials, in particular the problem of assessing the stability of their strength characteristics. Methodology. The following methods were used in the work: the study of the influence of microwave heating on the kinetics of the products` properties, the determination of the ultimate compression strength of mortars and concrete and comparative analysis. 5×5×5 cm cement-sand cubes made according to the SSU B V.2.7-187: 2009 were used as samples. They were cured during 28 days for grade strength acquiring. Findings. The experiment was to determine the effect of microwave radiation power and the duration of its influence on changes in the strength characteristics of dry (natural moisture) and water-saturated samples. In the course of the experiment, the uniaxial compression strength of dry and water-saturated samples previously subjected to microwave radiation (minimum, average, and maximum power) during 1-3 minutes was performed. The greatest destructive effects of microwave radiation on cement-sand samples are achieved at power values from 500 to 900 W and duration from 2 to 3 minutes. Originality. In this work, the effect of the following parameters of microwave radiation is investigated: the radiation power and the duration of its effect on the destruction process of cement-sand samples. Practical value. The established parameters of processing samples with microwave radiation facilitate the process of their destruction. This will provide a scientific basis for the use of microwave radiation in order to destroy not only concrete and other building materials, but also rocks. Also a promising direction is the study of the inverse problem – the use of microwave radiation when dissolving the concrete or mortar mixture in water, which later, after its solidification, will lead to product strength increase from these mixtures.
POLYSEMICITY OF THE TERMS «DEMURRAGE» AND «DETENTION» APPLIED IN THE PRACTICE OF LINER AND TRAMP SHIPPING
Authors: O. L. Drozhzhyn  , Y. O. Koskina
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The presented study aims to systematize the definition of the terms «demurrage» and «detention», which are used in the theory and practice of maritime transportations, but are characterized by different meaningful definition when used in liner and tramp shipping, which requires the need for a comparative analysis. Methodology. For the stated comparative analysis, the applied information sources allowed to determine the specificity of the terms «demurrage» and «detention» both at the scientific level and at the level of practical implementation. Findings. The authors proved that despite their synonymous character, the terms «demurrage» and «detention» have fundamental differences when used in transportation contracts for the vessels of liner and tramp shipping. Taking into account the specific conditions of these organizational forms of shipping, the terms, the meaningful interpretation of which are the object of the study, have a different object of accrual, the procedure for substantiating the value of the corresponding rates and the procedure for calculating the total amount. Originality. The authors for the first time carried out a study in the context of two forms of organization of maritime transport (tramp and linear) and established the semantic features of the marine terms «demurrage» and «detention». Practical value. The commercial practice of transport companies, in particular shipping ones, is closely connected with technical, technological, organizational, legal, economic and even linguistic issues. The last aspect concerns the role of the accuracy of understanding of the terms by the parties to the transportation contracts concluded by shipping companies (liner and tramp shipping) with counterparties, since it is the responsibility of a material nature that follows from them. Clear interpretation of the terms is crucial to prevent possible disputes regarding the relevant payments. Uncertainty, which is currently present in scientific publications and literary sources of practical nature, leads to a free interpretation and substitution of the analyzed terms with each other without a clear distribution of the parties' responsibility in different forms of shipping.
METHOD FOR PREDICTING PARAMETERS OF THE AEROIONIC MODE IN OPEN TERRAIN GROUND AREAS
Authors: Rusakova T. I.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The scientific work is devoted to the development of a new method for forecasting aeroionic mode in working areas at industrial sites, taking into account ionizing sources and surrounding obstacles. Methodology. To find the concentration of positive aeroions, dust and negative aeroions, we use 3D mass transfer equations that take into account the rate of recombination of ions having different polarity and the rate of recombination of ions with dust particles. The numerical solution is based on the integration of the mass transfer equations using the finite-difference method, which turns out to be stable for any step in time. To determine the components of the air velocity vector, a three-dimensional model of the potential flow is used, where the Laplace equations for the velocity potential are the modeling equations. Findings. The mathematical method of numerical calculation of the concentration of positive, negative aeroions and dust has been developed. A feature of the method is the possibility of predicting the aeroionic mode, taking into account all physical factors that significantly affect the formation of concentration zones of aeroions in working areas at industrial sites. The method is not tied to a particular industrial site, it allows us to estimate the value of the concentration of aeroions both locally and in the entire calculated region. Originality. A method for prediction of aeroionic mode in working areas is developed based on 3D modeling of the propagation of negative, positive aeroions and dust under the influence of wind and diffusion, which allows to obtain results at each point of space or in a specific cross-section. Practical value. The proposed method of forecasting was used to solve the problem of estimating aeroionic mode in industrial zones in the open area of the industrial site of the Dnipro oil extraction plant in the presence of emission sources: positive aeroions during the operation of vehicles and respiration of workers; dust during the movement of workers and vehicles; negative aeroions of the ionizer installed in the working zone. The regularities of changes in the concentration of aeroions of various polarity and dust at a height of 1.7 m are determined, which corresponds to the position of the respiratory organs of workers. Quantitative results are needed in assessing the permissible working conditions in the workplaces of industrial sites of enterprises when creating new jobs and reengineering existing ones.
IMPACT OF CARS WITH 25 TF/AXLE LOAD ON THE TRACK CONDITION
Authors: О. M. Patlasov  , E. M. Fedorenko
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The research is aimed at determining changes in the state of the geometrical parameters of the railway track, depending on the passing tonnage in dynamic interaction with the 25 tf/axle load rolling stock. Methodology. For data acquisition, the authors carried out a statistical analysis of the indicators of digital measurements of the track condition by KVL-P track-measuring cars. Using the program of calculating the mean-square deviation of the geometric parameters of the track, the deviation of the track parameters within the test sections was estimated. Findings. During the observation period it was found that on average the intensity of track strain accumulation increases. However, according to the results of the factor dispersion analysis with 0.95 probability, it is impossible to unequivocally state the impact of the factor of using the cars with an axial load of up to 25 tf/axle on the deterioration of the track condition parameters. Herewith it should be noted that the share of cargo carried in the cars with axial load of up to 25 tf/axle during the observation period was less than one per cent. According to the values of the mean-square deviation, the state of the geometrical parameters of the track and their predicted changes were estimated, which showed that the increased axial load will lead to decreased life of the rails, which are the most expensive elements of the track structure, shortened service life of the railroad switches and increased labor costs for workers involved in track repair and maintenance. The corresponding reduction of inter-repair periods, which corresponds to the standards, is projected. In order for heavy-duty wagons not to destroy the infrastructure, there must be at least two limitations: by the types of goods transported and by the speed of movement. Originality. The authors conducted a study to assess the impact of cars with 25 tf/axle load on the state of the geometric parameters of the railway track and proposed solutions to the issue of introducing the 25 tf/axle load rolling stock in Ukraine. Practical value. On the basis of the obtained results it is possible to estimate the impact of the axial load on the intensity of the track condition changes and to predict the reduction of inter-repair periods in connection with the track deterioration and in accordance with the train speed restriction.
MODELING OF LOADING AND ANALYSIS OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF PORTAL CRANE GANTRY ELEMENT
Authors: Y. H. Sahirov  , V. V. Suglobov
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The main purpose of this work is to simulate the gantry loading during operation of the Azovets portal crane, the analysis of the actual stress-strain state of the gantry metal structure elements. The object of the study is the pattern of stress distribution in the gantry elements. Methodology. To achieve this purpose the following methods were used: analytical engineering calculations, simulation modeling, finite elements, and visual-optical method for examining the state of the crane metal structure. Findings. The loaded state of the metal structure of the portal crane was modeled with the use of the CAD/CAE system and its strength was calculated by the finite element me-thod. The results of calculations and analysis of the stress-strain state are given. The obtained regularity of stress distribution in the pillar elements clearly showed that the stresses are unevenly distributed. The stress-strain state of the portal elements is rather complicated, uneven and requires modernization. Originality. The existing methods for the metal structures design of portal cranes were further developed. For the first time, a methodology of designing rational metal structures according to the criteria of uniform stress distribution and smoothness of the power flow was proposed. For the first time, the criteria for assessing the uniformity of stress distribution and smoothness of power flow scientifically substantiated. For the first time, solid-state models of the portal crane metal structure were developed, which allow determining the pattern of stress/load distribution and smoothness of the power flow in them. Practical value. A spatial solid-state computer model of the Azovets portal crane and a methodology for strength analysis and rational design of the metal structure for portal cranes were developed and implemented. The recommendations for repair and strengthening of the gantry components of the Azovets portal crane were scientifically grounded. The results of theoretical and practical research are used in the State Higher Educational Institution «PSTU» in teaching the courses «Designing Metal Structures LTM», «Basics of Computer Aided Design of Machines», «Automated Designing LTM», «Repair, Installation and Lubricants LTM»
LABORATORY TEST RESULTS OF GLUED INSULATED RAIL JOINTS ASSEMBLED WITH TRADITIONAL STEEL AND FIBRE-GLASS REINFORCED RESIN-BONDED FISHPLATES
Authors: Nemeth A. , Fischer S.
Published: October 2019

Purpose. The authors’ aim is to evaluate more precisely the deterioration process of glued insulated rail joints with polimer-composite and steel fishplates regarding to own laboratory tests. Methodology. The laboratory tests were executed by three-point static and three-point dynamic (fatigue) bending tests’ measurement results related to glued insulated rail joints with fibre-glass reinforced polymer-composite fishplates (brand: APATECH). During the research the static three-point bending tests were performed on rail joints assembled with three different rail profiles (MÁV48, 54E1 (UIC54) and 60E1 (UIC60)) with three specimens, measured on 13 different support bay values before fatigue test, as well as after 3.5 million loading cycles (the degradations process was checked after every 0.5 million cycles) on polymer-composite and steel fishplated rail joints. Findings. The investigation of fiber-glass reinforced and steel fishplated rail joints (three-point static and dynamic bending laboratory tests) are in progress. Considering to them, the mechanical deterioration processes were able to be determined by measurements of deflection values compared to original ones (i.e. before fatigue tests). The differences can be pointed out by analysis of measurement results related to both types of glued insulated rail joints (steel and polymer-composite fishplated ones). Originality. The goal of this research is to investigate the application of this new type of glued insulated rail joint and to determine the ultimate lifetime of the investigated rail joints, e.g. how much time they can be safely held in the railway track without damage. In the international literature no one has investigated this field of glued insulated rail joints. Practical value. The fibre glass reinforced resin-bonded fishplated glued insulated rail joints and ‘control’ steel fishplated glued insulated rail joints were built into railway line (between Kelenföld and Hegyeshalom state border) in Hungary at three different locations. In this article the investigation of deterioration process of glued-insulated rail joints and steel fishplated glued insulated rail joints are demonstrated only by laboratory bending tests.
Reforma da Previdência: sustentabilidade e justiça atuarial
Authors: Fernandes Reynaldo , Menezes-Filho Naercio , Souza André Portela , Komatsu Bruno , Mentlik Gustavo Marcos
Published: October 2019

Resumo O artigo analisa a proposta de reforma da previdência social feita pelo governo Temer. Investigamos a sustentabilidade financeira do sistema proposto e a sua justiça atuarial. Consideramos as regras contidas na proposta original do governo. Procuramos dar respostas a duas questões relacionadas: (i) qual deveria ser a alíquota de contribuição para a previdência para que a proposta fosse equilibrada financeiramente?; e (ii) qual a taxa interna de retorno implícita da proposta Temer? Para tanto, desenvolvemos um modelo atuarial que é simulado para a geração que tem 25 anos de idade em 2015 com base na PNAD. A sustentabilidade financeira do novo sistema é muito sensível ao crescimento da produtividade e da taxa de formalização da economia. Admitindo as taxas atuais de formalização e um crescimento da produtividade de 2% a.a., a alíquota de equilíbrio para o agente representativo seria maior do que a alíquota proposta de 28%. No entanto, a taxa de retorno implícita para o agente representativo é ao redor de 3%, que é significativamente inferior à média das taxas básicas de juros que vigorou na economia brasileira nas últimas décadas.
Computing Cartel Overcharges: when theory meets practice
Authors: Seixas Renato Nunes de Lima , Lucinda Claudio Ribeiro de
Published: October 2019

Abstract Success in law enforcement of cartel cases hinges on solid investigation procedures and effective punishment. However, the existing legal framework provides guidance on computing fines based on sales revenue, even though it mentions such fines must be no lower than cartel gains. Using data from a real case in Brazil, this paper has two aims: (i) reviewing the difficulties associated with computing cartel overcharges and (ii) checking whether the fines levied on convicted firms are in line with these overcharges. We employ three methodologies to compute these overcharges. We find cartel overcharges estimates might be quite sensitive to its assumptions, but apart from differences in differences models with quadratic and cubic trends the fines are in the middle of the range of cartel overcharge estimates. This indicates that the fines are in line with cartel overcharges, but it is recommended to use a set of estimates produced by different methods to ensure their adequacy.