bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resisting, recognizing, and returning: A three‐component model and review of persistence in episodic goals
Authors: Moshontz Hannah , Hoyle Rick H.
Published: December 2020

According to prior work, persistent goal pursuit is a continuous process where persisting is a matter of resisting the urge to give up. In everyday goals, however, persistence is often episodic, and its causes are more complex. People pause and resume pursuit many times. Whether people persist reflects more than will power and motivation, it also reflects the other goals they pursue, their resources, and the attentional demands of daily life. People can fail to persist not just because they gave up, but also because they failed to act. We propose a general model of persistence that accommodates the complexity of episodic goals. We argue that persistent goal pursuit is a function of three processes: resisting the urge to give up, recognizing opportunities for pursuit, and returning to pursuit. The broad factors that help and hurt persistence can be organized within these components. These components can also explain the mechanisms of four effective strategies for persistence: removing distractions, using reminders, using implementation intentions, and forming habits. The recognizing‐resisting‐returning model integrates and improves on extant theories of persistence and goal pursuit and is consistent with empirical work from laboratory and naturalistic settings.
No Justice! Black Protests? No Peace: The Racial Nature of Threat Evaluations of Nonviolent #BlackLivesMatter Protests
Authors: Peay Periloux C. , Camarillo Tyler
Published: December 2020

Objective: Nonviolent protests have been at the center of minority interest advocacy for nearly a century, as marginalized communities air their grievances in search for substantive policy change. While groups organize and demonstrate in a peaceful manner, there is no guarantee that onlookers will perceive them as such. We find it necessary to explore what factors shape perceptions of social movement protests and how the racial composition of a demonstration can elicit dramatically different responses from onlookers.

Methods: To examine the impact of racial identity on protest evaluations, we conduct a survey experiment on a total of 921 respondents. We simulate a media report concerning a Black Lives Matter protest to determine how subtle changes in the racial composition of the demonstration elicit varying perceptions of a potential for violence.

Results: We find that protests that comprise all‐Black participants are perceived to have a higher probability to end in violence than more diverse demonstrations. These findings come despite an assurance that the protest in question was peaceful. Consistent with minority threat theory, these perceptions are largely driven by the sentiments of white respondents.

Conclusion: We argue that ill‐conceived threat perceptions, rooted in the racial composition of Black Lives Matter protests, complicate the mission of those charged with making visible the plight of Black Americans. Even when Black protesters adhere to the “rules” of non‐violent protest, there is no guarantee that the biases of onlookers will not drown out their efforts. These findings have wide reaching implications on the exercise of First Amendment right to protest, the role of the media in reporting on protests, and the expectations of government interactions with protesters.
Unveiling geothermal potential sites along Gulf of Suez (Egypt) using an integrated geoscience approach
Authors: Abdel‐Fattah Mohamed I. , Shendi El‐Arabi H. , Kaiser Mona F. , Abuzied Sara M.
Published: December 2020

The appraisal of geothermal sites along Gulf of Suez, is important to develop the renewable energy resources in Egypt. An integrated approach based on remote sensing, Geographic Information System and geophysical methods were used to predict the ubication of promising geothermal sites. Multi‐source datasets were selected, analysed and integrated to develop a Geothermal Potential Model. Information‐Value and Weight‐of‐Evidence analyses were adopted to derive ranks and weights to spatial factors and their classes. The spatial factors were summarized in eight thematic maps indicating the possible sites of geothermal reservoirs. The developed geothermal potential model defines the promising sites, which are distributed in Ras‐Badran, Ras‐Matarma, Abu‐Durba, El‐Tur and some other locations in southwestern Gulf of Suez. Seismic interpretation is a fundamental tool for depicting subsurface major faults controlling the geothermal reservoir in the promising sites. The holistic integrated approach provides a powerful technique to design development plans in the study area.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) management in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: Pre‐transplant predictors of survival, reactivation, and spontaneous clearance
Authors: Lindsay Julian , Othman Jad , Kerridge Ian , Fay Keith , Stevenson William , Arthur Chris , Chen Sharon C.‐A. , Kong David C. M. , Pergam Steven A. , Liu Catherine , Slavin Monica A. , Greenwood Matthew
Published: December 2020

Background

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT).

Method

We analyzed 159 alloHCT recipients with 4409 quantitative CMV viral loads to determine pre‐transplant predictors of CMV reactivation, clinically significant CMV infection (cs‐CMVi, defined as CMV viral load >1000 IU/mL), CMV disease, kinetics of spontaneous clearance of CMV, and survival using a standardized pre‐emptive therapy approach to identify at‐risk groups to target prevention strategies.

Results

Cs‐CMVi was most common in D−/R+ unrelated donor transplants (URD). Spontaneous CMV clearance occurred in 26% of patients who reached a viral load of 56‐137 IU/mL, 6% at 138‐250 IU/mL and in one patient >250 IU/mL. Median time between the first CMV reactivation (>56 IU/mL) and a viral load >250 IU/mL was 13 days, whereas the time from the first viral load >250 IU/mL to reach a vial load >1000 IU/mL was 4 days. Cs‐CMVi was associated with a significant increase in non‐relapse mortality (NRM) on multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Overall, this study indicates that D−/R+ URD recipients are at high‐risk for cs‐CMVi‐ and CMV‐related mortality, and are potential candidates for targeted CMV prophylaxis. Spontaneous clearance of CMV beyond a viral load of 250 IU/mL is uncommon, suggesting that this could be used as an appropriate threshold to initiate pre‐emptive therapy.
Comparison of four methods to measure haemoglobin concentrations in whole blood donors (COMPARE): A diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Bell Steven , Sweeting Michael , Ramond Anna , Chung Ryan , Kaptoge Stephen , Walker Matthew , Bolton Thomas , Sambrook Jennifer , Moore Carmel , McMahon Amy , Fahle Sarah , Cullen Donna , Mehenny Susan , Wood Angela M. , Armitage Jane , Ouwehand Willem H. , Miflin Gail , Roberts David J. , Danesh John , Di Angelantonio Emanuele ,   COMPARE Study Group
Published: December 2020

Objective

To compare four haemoglobin measurement methods in whole blood donors.

Background

To safeguard donors, blood services measure haemoglobin concentration in advance of each donation. NHS Blood and Transplant's (NHSBT) customary method have been capillary gravimetry (copper sulphate), followed by venous spectrophotometry (HemoCue) for donors failing gravimetry. However, NHSBT's customary method results in 10% of donors being inappropriately bled (ie, with haemoglobin values below the regulatory threshold).

Methods

We compared the following four methods in 21 840 blood donors (aged ≥18 years) recruited from 10 NHSBT centres in England, with the Sysmex XN‐2000 haematology analyser, the reference standard: (1) NHSBT's customary method; (2) “post donation” approach, that is, estimating current haemoglobin concentration from that measured by a haematology analyser at a donor's most recent prior donation; (3) “portable haemoglobinometry” (using capillary HemoCue); (4) non‐invasive spectrometry (using MBR Haemospect or Orsense NMB200). We assessed sensitivity; specificity; proportion who would have been inappropriately bled, or rejected from donation (“deferred”) incorrectly; and test preference.

Results

Compared with the reference standard, the methods ranged in test sensitivity from 17.0% (MBR Haemospect) to 79.0% (portable haemoglobinometry) in men, and from 19.0% (MBR Haemospect) to 82.8% (portable haemoglobinometry) in women. For specificity, the methods ranged from 87.2% (MBR Haemospect) to 99.9% (NHSBT's customary method) in men, and from 74.1% (Orsense NMB200) to 99.8% (NHSBT's customary method) in women. The proportion of donors who would have been inappropriately bled ranged from 2.2% in men for portable haemoglobinometry to 18.9% in women for MBR Haemospect. The proportion of donors who would have been deferred incorrectly with haemoglobin concentration above the minimum threshold ranged from 0.1% in men for NHSBT's customary method to 20.3% in women for OrSense. Most donors preferred non‐invasive spectrometry.

Conclusion

In the largest study reporting head‐to‐head comparisons of four methods to measure haemoglobin prior to blood donation, our results support replacement of NHSBT's customary method with portable haemoglobinometry.
Kinases and protein motifs required for AZI1 plastid localization and trafficking during plant defense induction
Authors: Cecchini Nicolás M. , Speed DeQuantarius J. , Roychoudhry Suruchi , Greenberg Jean T.
Published: December 2020

The proper subcellular localization of defense factors is an important part of the plant immune system. A key component for systemic resistance, lipid transfer protein (LTP)‐like AZI1, is needed for the systemic movement of the priming signal azelaic acid (AZA) and a pool of AZI1 exists at the site of AZA production, the plastid envelope. Moreover, after systemic defense‐triggering infections, the proportion of AZI1 localized to plastids increases. However, AZI1 does not possess a classical plastid transit peptide that can explain its localization. Instead, AZI1 uses a bipartite N‐terminal signature that allows for its plastid targeting. Furthermore, the kinases MPK3 and MPK6, associated with systemic immunity, promote the accumulation of AZI1 at plastids during priming induction. Our results indicate the existence of a mode of plastid targeting possibly related to defense responses.
Influence of domperidone supplementation on short‐term changes in C‐reactive protein and paraoxonase‐1 in dogs with leishmaniasis undergoing meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol therapy
Authors: Paltrinieri Saverio , Ibba Fabrizio , Barbè Federico , Rossi Gabriele
Published: December 2020

Background

C‐reactive protein (CRP) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) might increase and decrease in canine leishmaniasis (CanL), , and both can rapidly normalize after therapy. Recently, supplementation of domperidone with conventional therapy , increasing the activity of cells involved in acute phase responses in vitro. This combined therapy has been recommended to treat mild forms of CanL; however, no studies have investigated the effects of domperidone supplementation on early CRP or PON1 changes in dogs with CanL.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether domperidone, added to conventional treatments, modifies CRP concentration and PON1 activity kinetics in CanL dogs responsive to conventional therapy.

Methods

Serum CRP concentrations and PON1 activities were measured in dogs with mild CanL before (t‐0) and 3 (t‐1), 7 (t‐2), 14 (t‐3), and 21 (t‐4) days after treatment with N‐methylglucamine antimoniate and allopurinol alone (n = 18) or combined with domperidone (n = 18).

Results

C‐reactive protein concentrations increased at t‐1 in the domperidone group, especially when the CRP concentration at t‐0 was normal. However, the concentrations normalized at t‐4 in 18/18 dogs compared with 14/18 dogs not receiving domperidone. The median PON1 activity decreased at t‐1 in the domperidone group, and this decrease was more significant in dogs with normal PON1 activity at t‐0.

Conclusions

Based on these results, transient increases in CRP concentrations or decreases in PON1 activities after domperidone administration should not be erroneously interpreted as signs of a worsening disease process.
Establishment of transfusion‐relevant bacteria reference strains for red blood cells
Authors: Prax Marcel , Spindler‐Raffel Eva , McDonald Carl Peter , Bearne Jennifer , Satake Masahiro , Kozakai Moe , Rojo Julieta , Hanschmann Kay‐Martin O. , Lambrecht Bernd , Grundmann Udo , O’Flaherty Niamh , Klimek Agata , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle , Gathof Birgit S. , Störmer Melanie , Süßner Susanne , Renke Claudia , Lee Cheuk‐kwong , Knabbe Cornelius , Vollmer Tanja , Keil Shawn D. , Shipps Marley E. , Wagner Stephen J. , Jentsch Ute , Mpumlwana Xoliswa , Cloutier Marc , Bringmann Peter , Lu Thea , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Kou Yuntong. , Krut Oleg ,   ISBT Transfusion‐Transmitted Infectious Diseases Working Party, Subgroup on Bacteria
Published: December 2020

Background and objectives

Red blood cell concentrates (RBCC) are susceptible to bacterial contamination despite cold storage. A reliable evaluation of strategies to minimize the risk of RBCC‐associated bacterial transmission requires the use of suitable reference bacteria. Already existing Transfusion‐Relevant Bacteria Reference Strains (TRBRS) for platelet concentrates fail to grow in RBCC. Consequently, the ISBT TTID, Working Party, Bacterial Subgroup, conducted an international study on TRBRS for RBCC.

Materials and methods

Six bacterial strains (Listeria monocytogenes PEI‐A‐199, Serratia liquefaciens PEI‐A‐184, Serratia marcescens PEI‐B‐P‐56, Pseudomonas fluorescens PEI‐B‐P‐77, Yersinia enterocolitica PEI‐A‐105, Yersinia enterocolitica PEI‐A‐176) were distributed to 15 laboratories worldwide for enumeration, identification, and determination of growth kinetics in RBCC at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 of storage after low‐count spiking (10–25 CFU/RBCC).

Results

Bacterial proliferation in RBCC was obtained for most strains, except for S. marcescens, which grew only at 4 of 15 laboratories. S. liquefaciens, S. marcescens, P. fluorescens and the two Y. enterocolitica strains reached the stationary phase between days 14 and 21 of RBCC storage with a bacterial concentration of approximately 109 CFU/ml. L. monocytogenes displayed slower growth kinetics reaching 106–107 CFU/ml after 42 days.

Conclusion

The results illustrate the importance of conducting comprehensive studies to establish well‐characterized reference strains, which can be a tool to assess strategies and methods used to ameliorate blood safety. The WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization adopted the five successful strains as official RBCC reference strains. Our study also highlights the relevance of visual inspection to interdict contaminated RBC units.
Metastatic TNBC is closely associated with a fused mitochondrial morphology and a glycolytic and lipogenic metabolism
Authors: Pérez-Treviño Perla , Aguayo-Millán Claudia D. , Santuario-Facio Sandra K. , Vela-Guajardo Jorge E. , Salazar Esteban , Camacho-Morales Alberto , Ortiz Rocío , García Noemí
Published: December 2020

Mitochondria modify their function and morphology to satisfy the bioenergetic demand of the cells. Cancer cells take advantage of these features to sustain their metabolic, proliferative, metastatic, and survival necessities. Understanding the morphological changes to mitochondria in the different grades of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) could help to design new treatments. Consequently, this research explored mitochondrial morphology and the gene expression of some proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics, as well as proteins associated with oxidative and non-oxidative metabolism in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. We found that mitochondrial morphology and metabolism are different in metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC. In metastatic TNBC, there is overexpression of genes related to mitochondrial dynamics, fatty-acid metabolism, and glycolysis. These features are accompanied by a fused mitochondrial morphology. By comparison, in non-metastatic TNBC, there is a stress-associated mitochondrial morphology with hyperfragmented mitochondria, accompanied by the upregulated expression of genes associated with the biogenesis of mitochondria; both of which are characteristics related to the higher production of reactive oxygen species observed in this cell line. These differences between metastatic and non-metastatic TNBC should provide a better understanding of metastasis and contribute to the development of improved specific and personalized therapies for TNBC.
THE EFFECT OF DELAYED RETIREMENT ON SOCIAL WELFARE IN CHINA FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE PENSION REPLACEMENT RATE
Authors: XIE YUANTAO , SUN XIAOKE , YANG SHANCHEN
Published: December 2020

This study cuts through the pension replacement rate and aims to investigate the impact of delayed retirement on social welfare. First, this study establishes a two-period overlapping generations model and obtains the effect of delayed retirement on the replacement rate under general equilibrium conditions. Second, this paper uses actuarial and statistical methods to build a pension balance model and specifically analyzes the effect of delayed retirement on the pension replacement rate on different income groups under local equilibrium conditions. The study finds that when the contribution base and other parameters do not change, the retirement age and the replacement rate move in the same direction. When the increase in the retirement age becomes larger, the proportion of the replacement rate also increases gradually becoming larger. The increase in the range of the pension replacement rate of the high-income group is greater than for the low- and middle-income groups.
A New Modified Class of SEPIC Converter Processors with PV and A/C Integrated Circuit Systems
Authors: Emar Walid
Published: December 2020

Instead of boost/buck conversion processor, power supplies single-phase SEPIC conversion processor becomes widely used in computer motherboards and other integrated circuits as well as in photovoltaic solar cell systems. However, multiplier and multiphase interleaved conversion processors become preferred due to their identical advantages over traditional single-phase SEPIC from the possibility of current stress or ripple reduction in active or passive elements perspectives. This paper presents a new class of a double-phase SEPIC conversion processor that has a modified structure in order to maximize the dynamic performance of the previously mentioned topologies of SEPIC. An analytical comparative study was conducted for the multiplier and modified double-phase interleaved SEPIC processor with magnetically uncoupled inductive reactors to show the benefits of this new class of the double-phase connection of SEPIC when compared with the traditional and the multiplier connection. The proposed topologies of multiplier and modified SEPIC are simulated using the Simulink MATLAB, Excel and Simplorer 7. The experimental results and analysis have shown the improved characteristics of the proposed new class of the double-phase SEPIC, low harmonic distortion, sacredness to component tolerance, relief in overall current fluctuation reduction complexity, high power efficiency and a very high voltage gain.
Receptive Field Fusion RetinaNet for Object Detection
Authors: Huang He , Feng Yong , Zhou MingLiang , Qiang Baohua , Yan Jielu , Wei Ran
Published: December 2020

In modern convolutional neural network (CNN)-based object detector, the extracted features are not suitable for multi-scale detection and all the bounding boxes are simply ranked according to their classification scores in nonmaximum suppression (NMS). To address the above problems, we propose a novel one-stage detector named receptive field fusion RetinaNet. First, receptive field fusion module is proposed to extract richer multi-scale features by fusing feature maps of various receptive fields. Second, joint confidence guided NMS is proposed to optimize the post-processing process of object detection, which introduce location confidence in NMS and take joint confidence as the NMS rank basis. According to our experimental results, significant improvement in terms of mean of average precision (mAP) can be achieved on average compared with the state-of-the-art algorithm.
The disk complex and topologically minimal surfaces in the 3-sphere
Authors: Campisi Marion , Torres Luis
Published: December 2020

We show that the disk complex of a genus [Formula: see text] Heegaard surface for the 3-sphere is homotopy equivalent to a wedge of [Formula: see text]-dimensional spheres. This implies that genus [Formula: see text] Heegaard surfaces for the 3-sphere are topologically minimal with index [Formula: see text].
Nonlinear Behaviors of Spinning Pipes Conveying Fluid with Pulsation
Authors: Khoshroo Morteza , Eftekhari Mojtaba
Published: December 2020

Bifurcation analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamics of a spinning pipe conveying fluid with pulsation. The partial differential equations of the system are obtained by considering the nonlinearity in curvature and inertia. They are then discretized to the ordinary differential equations by means of the Galerkin expansion so that the primary and combination resonance conditions are imposed to the system. Moreover, the multiple scales method is utilized to solve the resultant equations, and the stability of the equilibrium points of the system is determined through the continuation method. The equilibrium solutions are also examined by the numerical integration, by which the existence of double jump, saddle node and Hopf bifurcations are demonstrated for different values of the fluid velocity.
Stability of ABG thin-shell around a traversable wormhole
Authors: Sharif M. , Ashraf Komal
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates stability of thin-shell developed from the matching of interior traversable wormhole with exterior Ayon–Beato–Garcia–de Sitter regular black hole through cut and paste approach. We employ Israel formalism and Lanczos equations to obtain the components of surface stress-energy tensor at thin-shell. These surface stresses violate null and weak energy conditions that suggest the presence of exotic matter at thin-shell. The surface pressure explains collapse as well as expanding behavior of the developed geometry. We explore stability of the constructed thin-shell through both perturbations along shell radius as well as barotropic equation of state for three appropriate values of the shape function [Formula: see text]. It is concluded that stability of thin-shell depends on the shape function, charge and cosmological constant.
K-Contact and Sasakian metrics as Ricci almost solitons
Authors: Ghosh Amalendu , Sharma Ramesh
Published: December 2020

We show that the scalar curvature of a [Formula: see text]-contact Ricci soliton is constant and satisfies sharp bounds. Next we show that the scalar curvature of a ([Formula: see text])-dimensional [Formula: see text]-contact Ricci almost soliton is equal to [Formula: see text] plus the divergence of a global vector field. Finally, we show that, if a complete connected Sasakian or [Formula: see text]-Einstein [Formula: see text]-contact manifold of dimension [Formula: see text] is a proper Ricci almost soliton, then it is isometric to a unit sphere.
Orange–red fluorescence features of SrAl2O4: Sm3+ phosphors
Authors: Jamalaiah Bungala Chinna , Madhu Napa
Published: December 2020

A series of SrAl2O4: [Formula: see text]Sm[Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text] = 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mol.%) nanophosphors were synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction method and characterized. The structural and morphological properties were analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform Raman, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. The fluorescence features were examined through photoluminescence-excitation and emission studies. The investigated phosphor materials show intense orange–red fluorescence at 400 nm excitation. For intense and effective fluorescence, the Sm[Formula: see text] -doping concentration was optimized as 1.0 mol.%. The cross-relaxation mechanism responsible for fluorescence quenching beyond the optimum concentration was discussed. The color perception of emitted fluorescence was analyzed by evaluating Commission International de I’Eclairage (CIE) 1931 coordinates. The experimental results confirmed the candidature of orange–red emitting SrAl2O4: 1.0 Sm[Formula: see text] nanophosphor for various lighting applications.
Interactions-based method to detect emergent behavior in ongoing simulations
Authors: Boukehila Ali , Taleb Nora , Benazzouz Yazid
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the use of interactions as a metric to detect emergent phenomena in the ongoing agent-based simulations. The proposed algorithm aims to detect the flocking behavior in the Boids model. Boids model is simple to understand and to use and always verifies emergence. In recent years, several metrics have been proposed to investigate emergent behaviors in complex systems. Two main limitations of these studies are, how to choose a proper metric to avoid a high coast of computation, and how to detect emergence as it happens, i.e., live detection. In this paper, we propose an interaction-based algorithm to detect emergent behavior in Boids model. The three main contributions of this work are: (1) using interaction as metric, (2) detect emergence when it happens, (3) no need to store simulation data for post-mortem analysis. A prior interactions analysis was done to classify the system interactions. The results show that the algorithm was able to detect the rise of the flocking, i.e., emergence in the Boids model. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Novel Technique for Improving the Performance of Ammonia Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
Authors: Shaker M. Hemeda , Abd-Elhady M. S. , Halim M. A.
Published: December 2020

The world is now living in an energy crisis. Refrigeration and air-conditioning systems have become the basics of daily life in various fields and accordingly, it cannot be dispensed. Refrigeration machines and air-conditioning systems are the most energy-consuming systems, independent on the application whether it is domestic, commercial, industrial or medical. Therefore, using cooling systems which are powered by thermal energy, e.g., solar energy, can save a lot of electrical energy. Absorption refrigeration system is an example of a refrigeration system powered by heat energy. However, the system problem here is that it has low coefficient of performance (COP). The objective of this research is to improve the COP of the ammonia absorption cycle. This is done in the absorber unit by improving the absorption of the refrigerant ammonia into the ammonia–water solution. The absorption efficiency is improved by using (1) a stirrer pump to improve mixing, (2) sprayers to increase the contact area between ammonia and ammonia–water solution and (3) continuous cooling of the solution during the absorption process via an external heat exchanger. The COP of the ammonia absorption cycle has increased from 0.48 to 0.715, i.e., by 49%. This is due to the improvement of the absorption of the ammonia into the ammonia–water solution.
Structural and Half-Metallic Stabilities of the Half-Heusler Alloys KNaAs, KRbAs and NaRbAs: First Principles Method
Authors: Lorf Ahmed , Boudia Keltouma , Khelfaoui Friha , Amara Kadda , Sadouki Ouafaa , Ameri Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The full-potential linearized augmented plane waves (FP-LAPW) method, within the density functional theory (DFT), has been used to investigate the structural and elastic properties of KRbAs, KNaAs and NaRbAs. The obtained results, utilizing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), revealed that all compounds prefer their type-I structure ferromagnetic (FM) phase. However, only two among them, KRbAs and KNaAs, exhibit a mechanical stability thus the electronic and magnetic properties have been calculated for both compounds. In the electronic properties, we found that both compounds show a half-metallic character with direct gaps of 1.114[Formula: see text]eV and 1.514[Formula: see text]eV, in the spin-up channel, for KNaAs and KRbAs, respectively. Thus, they may be potential candidates for spin injection in the field of spintronic applications. Moreover, their integer calculated total magnetic moment of [Formula: see text] agrees with the Slater–Pauling rule.
Current Opinions on the Management of Non Thumb Metacarpal Fractures
Authors: Jiang Ziping , Huang Dongxu , Cui Jianli , Liu Bin
Published: December 2020

Metacarpals are unique bones that support the finger to aid hand function. Metacarpals are also the commonest bones to get fractured in the hand. Historically, most metacarpal fractures were managed conservatively. Due to increased patient expectations as well as advancements in diagnosis and osteosynthesis, various surgical options are now available for metacarpal fractures. The goal of operative management of metacarpal management is no longer limited to achieving clinical or radiological union. To restore hand function to a preinjury level, the surgeon must achieve adequate anatomical reduction and stable fixation with minimal soft tissue damage. Similar to tendon repair, to start early active motion should be the goal after metacarpal fracture fixation. Intraoperative consideration should also include minimizing soft tissue damage and avoiding tendon, ligament or capsular entrapment. The aim of this article is to explain the principles of surgical management, the different options available for metacarpal fractures, the techniques, pearls, advantages and disadvantages of each technique, so the surgeon can choose the ideal option to achieve the best result.
Factors Affecting the Range of Motion of the Elbow after Open Reduction of Olecranon Fractures
Authors: Fujihara Yuki , Ota Hideyuki , Watanabe Kentaro
Published: December 2020

Background: Although postoperative outcomes of olecranon fractures are relatively favorable, postoperative stiffness of the elbow joint occurs occasionally. We aimed to identify negative prognostic factors for unfavorable outcomes following olecranon fractures.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 100 patients with olecranon fractures and collected data on the conducted procedures, age, fracture condition, postoperative reduced position, and postoperative active range of motion (AROM) of the elbow joint. The primary outcome was the regaining of an AROM of > 130° flexion and < −30° extension of the elbow joint at the final follow-up. We performed multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify the negative prognostic factors.

Results: The mean follow-up period was 11 months. All patients regained an average AROM of 121 degrees. Eighty-one patients regained a favorable AROM of the elbow joint. On univariate logistic regression analysis, diabetes mellitus (OR, 8.2; 95%CI, 1.6–41.7), comminution of the fractured site (OR, 23.1; 95% CI, 13.2–165.0), and utilization of the tension band wiring (TBW) technique (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.16–48.2) were significant factors in aggravating the final result of elbow AROM. On multivariate analysis, patients with diabetes mellitus (OR, 10.9; 95% CI, 2.83–41.9), comminuted fractures (OR, 11.4; 95% CI, 2.61–50.2), or undergoing the tension band wiring technique (TBW) (OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.35–50.2) showed reduced postoperative AROM of the elbow joint; postoperative malreduction of the articular surface was not a negative prognostic factor. Seven of 51 patients treated with TBW underwent revision surgery because of non-union or postoperative displacement.

Conclusions: TBW for olecranon fractures is a simple and cost-effective procedure; however, negative effects could develop when regaining sufficient postoperative AROM of the elbow joint. Therefore, rigid fixation without reoperation may lead to a favorable outcome. Postoperative malreduction does not always worsen the postoperative AROM of the elbow joint, at least not in the early postoperative period.
O trabalho no campo da educação: o Fórum-Cosate como estratégia de resistência à máquina neoliberal
Authors: Barros Maria Elizabeth Barros de , Cruz Cristiane Bremenkamp
Published: December 2020

O artigo introduz uma experiência de pesquisa-intervenção realizada na região metropolitana de Vitória-ES, mais especificamente no município de Serra, Espírito Santo, visando ao fortalecimento de práticas no contexto escolar que possam fazer frente à racionalidade neoliberal que toma a educação como bem privado de valor econômico. Apresenta a constituição de um fórum de trabalhadores da educação com objetivo de construir estratégias que pudessem desafiar o processo de adoecimento em curso nas escolas, decorrente da racionalidade econômica vigente no referido município. Aponta como direção ética a indissociabilidade entre clínica e política e aposta na criação de táticas coletivas de enfrentamento ao adoecimento nas unidades escolares da rede.
"Psicologia Social do Trabalho": una intervención para el mundo laboral en América Latina
Authors: Pulido-Martínez Hernán Camilo
Published: December 2020

Reseña Psicologia Social do Trabalho (2017). Maria Chalfin Coutinho, Marcia Hespanhol Bernardo y Leny Sato (Orgs). Editora Vozes. ISBN: 978-85-326-5549-3.
Exploração e precariedade na nova dinâmica produtiva nos canaviais e a persistência do desgaste e adoecimento do trabalho
Authors: Franco-Benatti Dathiê de Mello , Navarro Vera Lucia , Praun Luci
Published: December 2020

Nas últimas décadas, o processo de trabalho no setor agrícola brasileiro passou por transformações. Essas alterações, desencadeadas em grande medida pela inserção de tecnologia e mecanização de etapas do processo produtivo, impuseram uma nova dinâmica ao trabalho nos canaviais, articulando antigas formas de organização e condições de trabalho com os imperativos da mecanização. Neste contexto, situações de suscetibilidade à ocorrência de acidentes e diferentes agravos à saúde, presentes no cotidiano do trabalho nos canaviais, renovaram-se. Exposição aos agrotóxicos, novas práticas de queima da cana, manuseio de máquinas e instrumentos de trabalho em um contexto de aumento da produtividade e intensificação do trabalho exemplificam esta situação. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar e problematizar situações de trabalho, assim como as circunstâncias de ocorrências de acidentes típicos e doenças com nexo laboral no segmento da agroindústria canavieira da região de Araraquara (SP). As reflexões desenvolvidas têm como ponto de apoio pesquisa de campo desenvolvida entre 2013 e 2014. A partir das entrevistas com 14 trabalhadores(as) pode-se compreender as distintas articulações entre as histórias de vida desses homens e mulheres e o cotidiano do trabalho nos canaviais. Os dados obtidos indicam que o ritmo e a jornada intensa de trabalho, em conjunto com a falta de equipamento de proteção, a exposição aos agrotóxicos e com outros riscos presentes no meio rural estão na base da ocorrência dos acidentes, marcas da ampliação da exploração e da precariedade do trabalho com o avanço de medidas de perfil neoliberal.
Os lugares do diferente no trabalho contemporâneo: trajetórias de pessoas LGBTs
Authors: Juliani Rafael Paulino , Scopinho Rosemeire Aparecida
Published: December 2020

O artigo analisa as vivências de um grupo de trabalhadores LGBTs que visivelmente destoam dos padrões heteronormativos, para compreender as suas percepções sobre o mercado de trabalho, as formas definidas para lidar com as adversidades e os significados que atribuem ao trabalho. A sociedade contemporânea, hegemonicamente heteronormativa, conservadora e neoliberal, marginaliza as pessoas LGBTs nos diversos âmbitos da vida social, especialmente no trabalho. As identidades sexuais e de gênero são construções históricas, culturais e performativas que as transformações políticas e econômicas procuram negar ao reafirmarem a existência de uma matriz heterossexual que regula as sexualidades e a constituição dos sujeitos considerados aptos para o mundo do trabalho. Porém, para o grupo entrevistado, trabalhar, além de garantir a reprodução social, é tanto viver constrangimentos, sofrimentos e preconceitos quanto, por meio da luta cotidiana, aprender a superar barreiras, autoafirmar identidades e expressões de gênero, experimentar o reconhecimento e o exercício da cidadania, o que significa um esforço adicional pela sobrevivência.
Trabalho e esperança em 2020
Authors: Albornoz Suzana Guerra
Published: December 2020

Este ensaio parte do conceito elaborado por Ernst Bloch (1885-1977) de que a esperança se enraíza nas possibilidades inseridas na realidade. Quando se insere a esperança de reconhecimento do direito dos trabalhadores a maior dignidade nas transformações técnicas e lutas sociais da era industrial, mostra-se a união de esperança e trabalho, presente nas contradições dos tempos modernos pelo mundo e no Brasil. Em nossa atual situação crítica, na enfermidade mundial; quando as sociedades evoluem para tecnológicas, diminui a demanda de operários na indústria e desaparece a garantia de emprego estável; a humanidade é desafiada a refletir sobre sua atividade que transcende o trabalho produtivo material e a inventar soluções da ordem da esperança, utopias concretas, não impossíveis de realizar.
"Tarde demais para morrer jovem": Depressão e suicídio na literatura brasileira contemporânea
Authors: Londero Rodolfo Rorato
Published: December 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o problema da depressão e do suicídio depressivo a partir de exemplos da literatura brasileira contemporânea, como os romances Até o dia em que o cão morreu, de Daniel Galera, e Manual da demissão, de Julia Wähmann, e dois poemas de Frederico Barbosa: “Louco no oco sem beiras” e “Desexistir”. Para tanto, além de estabelecer diferenças entre melancolia e depressão, busca-se identificar a depressão como sintoma da sociedade de desempenho e a literatura como forma de abordar e compreender esse sintoma. Destaca-se o papel que o tempo desempenha na formação da experiência depressiva, fazendo dele elemento privilegiado para se aproximar dos exemplos de literatura selecionados e assim aprofundar o debate em questão.
Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Monimiaceae
Authors: Lírio Elton John de , Zavatin Danilo Alvarenga , Sano Paulo Takeo , Peixoto Ariane Luna
Published: December 2020

O estudo taxonômico de Monimiaceae é aqui apresentado como parte do projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brasil”. A família está representada na área por dois gêneros e três espécies: Macropeplus ligustrinus (Tul.) Perkins, Mollinedia argyrogyna Perkins e Mollinedia oligantha Perkins. São apresentados chaves de identificação para os gêneros e espécies, descrições e ilustrações, além de comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica, habitat, fenologia e variações morfológicas.
TIMS Pb-Pb geochronology of sulfides in the Fazenda Coqueiro VHMS deposit, São Francisco Craton, NE Brazil: timing and genesis constraints on the Zn-Pb mineralization
Authors: Spreafico Ricardo Ramos , Barbosa Johildo Salomão Figueiredo , Macambira Moacir José Buenano , Galarza Marco Antônio
Published: December 2020

TIMS Pb-Pb geochronological data allow determination of the timing and genesis of the Fazenda Coqueiro volcanic‑hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) Zn-Pb deposit hosted in the Neoarchean Mundo Novo greenstone belt (MNGB), NE São Francisco Craton. The deposit is inserted in the Rhyacian-Orosirian Contendas-Jacobina lineament between Archean cratonic blocks. The basement of the deposit is composed of Paleoarchean metagranite and metarhyolite nuclei tectonically emplaced within the supracrustal rocks. The volcanic-sedimentary rocks comprise the ocean floor western metabasalt, calcsilicate rock, aluminous schist, metachert, banded iron formation, and tremolitite of the middle sequence and metasedimentary siliciclastic rocks of the uppermost sequence of the MNGB. The western metabasalt is hydrothermally altered, which resulted in the formation of two alteration zones. They consist of carbonate zone, proximal, hosting massive sulfides composed mainly of sphalerite and galena with minor chalcopyrite; and sericite-chlorite zone, distal, hosting mainly disseminated chalcopyrite. Pb-Pb galena, chalcopyrite and sphalerite data from the massive and disseminated zones in the Fazenda Coqueiro deposit yielded model ages of 2,804 ± 11.15, 2,794 ± 11.2, and 2,767 ± 11.1 Ma, respectively, with the Pb sourced from the upper crust, based on the uranogenic and thorogenic diagrams. The Pb-Pb isochron mineralization age of 2,747 ± 16 Ma obtained from chalcopyrite and sphalerite samples from the massive and disseminated zones suggests that the sulfides were coeval and do not record later metamorphic-hydrothermal events. Therefore, the Fazenda Coqueiro deposit would have formed from Neoarchean ocean floor volcanic-exhalative processes. The Rhyacian-Orosirian tectonic event compressed the deposit between Archean blocks along the Contendas-Jacobina lineament, preserving the sulfides from remobilization processes.
Work ability of military police officers
Authors: Barreto Carla Requião , Lins-Kusterer Liliane , Carvalho Fernando Martins
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of work ability (WA) and describe characteristics of the subgroup with poor WA among military police officers. METHODS: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with 329 male military police officers engaged in street patrolling in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, selected by proportionate stratified sampling. The Work Ability Index and a structured form were used to collect information about age, education, marital status, housing, salary, car ownership, work hours, rank (official or enlisted), drinking, smoking, frequency of vigorous physical activity, and obesity. Data were analyzed by uni and bivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The work ability of the 329 military police officers was classified as poor (10.3%), moderate (28.9%), good (34.7%), and excellent (26.1%), with mean score of 37.8 and standard deviation of 7.3 points. Policemen with poor work ability, compared with those with moderate, good or excellent WA, presented higher proportions of individuals who did not own their residences (p < 0.001), with work hours above eight hours/day (p < 0.026), and obesity (p < 0.001). In the subgroup of the 26 policemen who concomitantly did not own their residences, worked more than eight 8 hours/day and were obese, the prevalence of poor work ability was 31.0%. The prevalence of poor WA was 31.0% among the 29 policemen who were simultaneously obese and did not own their residences and of 27.9% among the 43 policemen who were obese and work hours above eight hours/day. CONCLUSIONS: A high percentage of military police officers from Salvador presented poor or moderate work ability, which may hamper or compromise their policing activities. The prevalence of poor work ability was higher among the policemen who did not own their residences, worked more than 8 hours/day and were obese.
Bolsa Família program and incomplete childhood vaccination in two Brazilian cohorts
Authors: Silva Francelena de Sousa , Queiroz Rejane Christine de Sousa , Branco Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho , Simões Vanda Maria Ferreira , Barbosa Yonna Costa , Rodrigues Marcelo Augusto Ferraz Ruas do Amaral , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Bettiol Heloísa , Saraiva Maria da Conceição Pereira , Scorzafave Luiz Guilherme , Habenschus Maria Isabel Accoroni Theodoro , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da
Published: December 2020

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of being a beneficiary of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in the vaccination of children aged 13 to 35 months. METHODS: Our study was based on all birth records of residents of Ribeirão Preto (SP) and probabilistic sampling with 1/3 of the births of residents of São Luís (MA), selecting low-income children, born in 2010, belonging to the cohorts Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies and eligible for the Bolsa Família program. The information of Cadastro Único (CadÚnico – Single Registry) was used to categorize the receipt of benefit from the BFP (yes or no). The final sample consisted of 532 children in Ribeirão Preto and 1,229 in São Luís. The outcome variable was a childhood vaccine regimen, constructed with BCG, tetravalent, triple viral, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines. The adjustment variables were: economic class, mother’s schooling and mother’s skin color. Children with monthly per capita family income of up to R$ 280.00 and/or economic class D/E were considered eligible for the benefit of the BFP. A theoretical model was constructed using a directed acyclic graph to estimate the effect of being a beneficiary of the BFP in the vaccination of low-income children. In the statistical analyses, weighing was used by the inverse of the probability of exposure and pairing by propensity score. RESULTS: Considering a monthly per capita family income of up to R$ 280.00, being a beneficiary of the BFP had no effect on the childhood vaccination schedule, according to weighing by the inverse of the probability of exposure (SL-coefficient: −0.01; 95%CI −0.07 to 0.04; p = 0.725 and RP-coefficient: 0.04; 95%CI −0.02 to 0.10; p = 0.244) and pairing by propensity score (SL-coefficient: −0.01; 95%CI −0.07 to 0.05; p = 0.744 and RP-coefficient: 0.04; 95%CI −0.02 to 0.10; p = 0.231). CONCLUSIONS: The receipt of the benefit of the BFP did not influence childhood vaccination, which is one of the conditionalities of the program. This may indicate that this conditionality is not being adequately monitored.
Fatores associados à tuberculose na população privada de liberdade no Espírito Santo
Authors: Macedo Laylla Ribeiro , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia , Struchiner Claudio Jose
Published: December 2020

OBJETIVOS: Calcular a taxa de casos diagnosticados com tuberculose por unidades prisionais do Espírito Santo, apresentar as características individuais, clínicas e institucionais dos casos na população privada de liberdade (PPL) do ES e analisar a associação entre essas características e o encerramento do tratamento da tuberculose nessa população. MÉTODOS: A população de estudo foram os casos de tuberculose na PPL do ES de 2014 a 2016. Realizou-se o cálculo de taxa, a análise descritiva e a regressão logística hierarquizada considerando os níveis individual, clínico e institucional. RESULTADOS: A taxa de casos diagnosticados por unidade prisional no estado variou de 0 a 17,3 casos por 1.000 presos. Do total de casos notificados, 218 (72,6%) se curaram, 21 (7,0%) abandonaram o tratamento, 1 (0,3%) morreu por tuberculose, 2 (0,7%) morreram por outras causas, 56 (18,7%) transferiram o local de tratamento e 2 (0,7%) desenvolveram tuberculose drogarresistente. A análise ajustada mostrou que o tratamento supervisionado é um fator protetor para o insucesso (RC = 0,29; IC95% 0,01–0,76). CONCLUSÕES: O estudo apontou a importância do conhecimento do desfecho do tratamento da TB na PPL visando à implementação de ações para a redução do insucesso, bem como a contribuição do tratamento supervisionado nesse processo.
DESCRITORES: Prisioneiros. Tuberculose, epidemiologia. Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos, epidemiologia.