Toxicity and Histological Effects of Clove Buds’ Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Compared with Neomyl (Methomyl) for the Control of Monacha cartusiana and Theba pisana Snails
Authors:   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Bayoumi Sh.M. , Omar N.A. ,   Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt, Mohanna A.H. ,   Faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University, Egypt, Ismail Sh.A. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Abed M. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, El-Sayed A.M. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Issa M.A. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, El-Akhrasy F.I. ,   Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 12311 Dokki, Giza, Egypt, Abd El-Aal E.M. ,   Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Published: September 2024

Bayoumi, Sh.M., N.A. Omar, A.H. Mohanna, Sh.A. Ismail, M. Abed, A.M. El-Sayed, M.A. Issa, F.I. El-Akhrasy and E.M. Abd El-Aal. 2024. Toxicity and Histological Effects of Clove Buds’ Powder, Syzygium aromaticum Compared with Neomyl (Methomyl) for the Control of Monacha cartusiana and Theba pisana Snails. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(3): 318-327. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001246 A series of laboratory and field experiments were designed to evaluate control measures that can be utilized effectively to reduce population density and consequently the damage caused by certain land snail species Monacha cartusiana Müller and Theba pisana Müller. In addition, factors contributing towards safer control measures were investigated. When neomyl 8% and clove powder buds 40% were applied to control M. cartusiana and T. pisana under laboratory and field conditions, the toxicity effect of these applications on the tested land snail's digestive glands was investigated. The results obtained revealed that the mortality rate increased with the increase in the concentrations and exposure period. Under laboratory conditions, the mortality rate of T. pisana snail reached 100% when 2, 4, and 8% neomyl concentrations were utilized, whereas the mortality rate of the same snail reached 36.3% when clove powder 40% was utilized, 28 days after treatment. Under field conditions, the initial effect of the examined compounds reached 62.89% and 18.83% mortality rate when neomyl and clove treatments were applied, respectively. Furthermore, the residual effect with neomyl treatment gave a high mortality rate of 83.43%, compared to 28.88% for the clove powder treatment. Generally, it could be concluded that neomyl had the most toxic effect against M. cartusiana under field conditions. 8% neomyl treatment resulted in histological degeneration with alterations in the digestive cells’ cytoplasm. Numerous excretory vacuoles were found in the excretory cells. Calcium cells became granulated, cytoplasm vacuoles were abundant, and bizarre nuclei ranged from pyknosis to severe karyorrhexis and complete karyolysis. The results obtained also indicated that the toxicity effects of the 40% concentration of clove buds’ powder, 48 hours after treatment, were approximately the same on both treated land snail species. Keywords: Toxicity, histology, clove, neomyl, M. cartusiana, T. pisana