bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Targeting of Mesothelin with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Le Quy , Castro Sommer , Tang Thao , Loeb Anisha M. , Hylkema Tiffany , McKay Cyd Nourigat , Perkins LaKeisha , Srivastava Shivani , Call Lindsey , Smith Jenny , Leonti Amanda , Ries Rhonda , Pardo Laura , Loken Michael R. , Correnti Colin , Fiorenza Salvatore , Turtle Cameron J. , Riddell Stanley , Tarlock Katherine , Meshinchi Soheil
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

We previously identified mesothelin (MSLN) as highly expressed in a significant fraction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but entirely silent in normal hematopoiesis, providing a promising antigen for immunotherapeutic targeting that avoids hematopoietic toxicity. Given that T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are effective at eradicating relapsed/refractory acute lymphocytic leukemia, we developed MSLN-directed CAR T cells for preclinical evaluation in AML.

Experimental Design:

The variable light (VL) and heavy (VH) sequences from the MSLN-targeting SS1P immunotoxin were used to construct the single-chain variable fragment of the standard CAR containing 41-BB costimulatory and CD3Zeta stimulatory domains. The preclinical efficacy of MSLN CAR T cells was evaluated against AML cell lines and patient samples expressing various levels of MSLN in vitro and in vivo.

Results:

We demonstrate that MSLN is expressed on the cell surface of AML blasts and leukemic stem cell–enriched CD34+CD38− subset, but not on normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We further establish that MSLN CAR T cells are highly effective in eliminating MSLN-positive AML cells in cell line– and patient-derived xenograft models. Importantly, MSLN CAR T cells can target and eradicate CD34+CD38− cells without impacting the viability of normal HSPCs. Finally, we show that CAR T-cell functionality can be improved by inhibition of the ADAM17 metalloprotease that promotes shedding of MSLN.

Conclusions:

These findings demonstrate that MSLN is a viable target for CAR T-cell therapy in AML and that inhibiting MSLN shedding is a promising approach to improve CAR T-cell efficacy.
Itraconazole Exerts Its Antitumor Effect in Esophageal Cancer By Suppressing the HER2/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bhagwath Ankur S. , Ramzan Zeeshan , Williams Taylor A. , Subramaniyan Indhumathy , Edpuganti Vindhya , Kallem Raja Reddy , Dunbar Kerry B. , Ding Peiguo , Gong Ke , Geurkink Samuel A. , Beg Muhammad S. , Kim James , Zhang Qiuyang , Habib Amyn A. , Choi Sung-Hee , Lapsiwala Ritu , Bhagwath Gayathri , Dowell Jonathan E. , Melton Shelby D. , Jie Chunfa , Putnam William C. , Pham Thai H. , Wang David H.
Published: August 2021

Itraconazole, an FDA-approved antifungal, has antitumor activity against a variety of cancers. We sought to determine the effects of itraconazole on esophageal cancer and elucidate its mechanism of action. Itraconazole inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1-phase cell-cycle arrest in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cell lines. Using an unbiased kinase array, we found that itraconazole downregulated protein kinase AKT phosphorylation in OE33 esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Itraconazole also decreased phosphorylation of downstream ribosomal protein S6, transcriptional expression of the upstream receptor tyrosine kinase HER2, and phosphorylation of upstream PI3K in esophageal cancer cells. Lapatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that targets HER2, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of HER2 similarly suppressed cancer cell growth in vitro. Itraconazole significantly inhibited growth of OE33-derived flank xenografts in mice with detectable levels of itraconazole and its primary metabolite, hydroxyitraconazole, in esophagi and tumors. HER2 total protein and phosphorylation of AKT and S6 proteins were decreased in xenografts from itraconazole-treated mice compared to xenografts from placebo-treated mice. In an early phase I clinical trial (NCT02749513) in patients with esophageal cancer, itraconazole decreased HER2 total protein expression and phosphorylation of AKT and S6 proteins in tumors. These data demonstrate that itraconazole has potent antitumor properties in esophageal cancer, partially through blockade of HER2/AKT signaling.
Evaluation of Preclinical Activity of Isatuximab in Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wang Anlai , Song Zhili , Zheng Gang , Nicolazzi Celine , Fromm Jonathan R. , Shehu Elvis , Srinivasan Srimathi , Chen Xueyan , Zhu Chen , Blondel Marielle Chiron , Adrian Francisco J.
Published: August 2021

This study reports the pharmacologic effects of isatuximab, a CD38 mAb, on T- and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We analyzed CD38 expression in 50-T-ALL and 50 B-ALL clinical samples, and 16 T-ALL and 11 B-ALL cell lines. We primarily focused on in vitro assessments of isatuximab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). In vivo assessment of isatuximab activity was performed in several ALL xenograft models, including disseminated and subcutaneous tumor models in female C.B-17 severe combined immunodeficiency mice. Our study reveals that most patients (90%–100%) carried CD38+ blasts independent of disease burden. The median CD38 receptor density on abnormal lymphoblasts is 41,026 copies/cell on T-ALL and 28,137 copies/cell on B-ALL, respectively. In patients with T-ALL, there is a significant increase of CD38 expression in abnormal blasts compared with normal T cells. High-level CD38 receptor density (RD) is critical to trigger effective isatuximab-mediated ADCC against target ALL cells. In addition, a correlation between CD38 RD and isatuximab-mediated ADCP is demonstrated. In the disseminated CD38+, T-ALL, and B-ALL xenograft models, isatuximab is able to induce robust antitumor activity, even at low doses. This study shows that isatuximab has significant in vitro and in vivo activity against ALL cells with robust ADCC and ADCP effects that are associated with CD38 expression levels in both T-ALL and B-ALL.
Complications Associated with Mohs Micrographic Surgery: Data from the Nationwide Prospective Cohort REGESMOHS
Authors: Ruiz-Salas Verónica , Sanmartin-Jiménez Onofre , Garcés Joan R. , Vilarrasa Eva , Miñano-Medrano Román , Escutia-Muñoz Begoña , Flórez-Menéndez Ángeles , Artola-Igarza Juan L. , Alfaro-Rubio Alberto , Redondo Pedro , Delgado-Jiménez Yolanda , Sánchez-Schmidt Julia , Allende-Markixana Irati , García Bracamonte Beatriz , de la Cueva-Dobao Pablo , Ciudad Cristina , Carnero-González Lucía , Vázquez-Veiga Hugo , Sánchez-Sambucety Pedro , Estebaranz José Luis , Botella-Estrada Rafael , González-Sixto Beatriz , Martorell Antonio , Morales-Gordillo Victoriano , Toll-Abelló Agustí , Mayor-Arenal Matías , Suárez-Fernández Ricardo , Sainz-Gaspar Laura , Descalzo Miguel A. , Garcia-Doval Ignacio ,   on behalf of REGESMOHS (Registro Español de Cirugía de Mohs)
Published: August 2021

Background: Large prospective studies on the safety of Mohs micrographic (MMS) surgery are scarce, and most focus on a single type of surgical adverse event. Mid-term scar alterations and functional loss have not been described. Objectives: To describe the risk of MMS complications and the risk factors for them. Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort collected all adverse events on consecutive patients in 22 specialised centres. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression to find out factors associated with adverse events. Results: 5,017 patients were included, with 14,421 patient-years of follow-up. 7.0% had some perioperative morbidity and 6.5% had mid-term and scar-related complications. The overall risk of complications was mainly associated with use of antiaggregant/anticoagulant and larger tumours, affecting deeper structures, not reaching a tumour-free border, and requiring complex repair. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the incidence of adverse events. Risk factors for haemorrhage (0.9%) were therapy with antiaggregant/anticoagulants, tumour size, duration of surgery, and unfinished surgery. Wound necrosis (1.9%) and dehiscence (1.0%) were associated with larger defects and complex closures. Immunosuppression was only associated with an increased risk of necrosis. Surgeries reaching deeper structures, larger tumours and previous surgical treatments were associated with wound infection (0.9%). Aesthetic scar alterations (5.4%) were more common in younger patients, with larger tumours, in H-area, and in flap and complex closures. Risk factors for functional scar alterations (1.7%) were the need for general anaesthesia, larger tumours that had received previous surgery, and flaps or complex closures. Conclusions: MMS shows a low risk of complications. Most of the risk factors for complications were related to tumour size and depth, and the resulting need for complex surgery. Antiaggregant/anticoagulant intake was associated with a small increase in the risk of haemorrhage, that probably does not justify withdrawal. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the risk of adverse events.
Microphysiological Systems: Stakeholder Challenges to Adoption in Drug Development
Authors: Hargrove-Grimes Passley , Low Lucie A. , Tagle Danilo A.
Published: August 2021

Microphysiological systems (MPS) or tissue chips/organs-on-chips are novel in vitro models that emulate human physiology at the most basic functional level. In this review, we discuss various hurdles to widespread adoption of MPS technology focusing on issues from multiple stakeholder sectors, e.g., academic MPS developers, commercial suppliers of platforms, the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, and regulatory organizations. Broad adoption of MPS technology has thus far been limited by a gap in translation between platform developers, end-users, regulatory agencies, and the pharmaceutical industry. In this brief review, we offer a perspective on the existing barriers and how end-users may help surmount these obstacles to achieve broader adoption of MPS technology.
Prognostic Value of Serum Apolipoprotein B to Apolipoprotein A-I Ratio in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Authors: Liu Meng-Meng , Chen Zhan-Hong , Zhao Li-Yun , Zhao Jing-Yuan , Rong Dai-Lin , Ma Xiao-Kun , Ruan Dan-Yun , Lin Jin-Xiang , Qi Jing-Jing , Hu Pei-Shan , Wen Jing-Yun , Chen Jie , Lin Qu , Wu Xiang-Yuan , Wei Li , Dong Min
Published: August 2021

Introduction: The prognosis of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) varies in patients receiving transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). In this study, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of serum apolipoprotein B (ApoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in this group of patients. Methods: The serum lipid levels of HCC patients undergoing TACE were obtained from routine preoperative blood lipid examination. A propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis was used to eliminate the imbalance of baseline characteristics of the high and low ApoB/ApoA-I groups. Then, univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to evaluate the prognostic value of ApoB/ApoA-I. Results: In 455 HCC patients treated with TACE, ApoB/ApoA-I was positively correlated with AFP, T stage, distant metastasis, and TNM stage (p < 0.05). Patients with high ApoB/ApoA-I had a significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with low ApoB/ApoA-I (median OS, 21.7 vs. 39.6 months, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that ApoB/ApoA-I was an independent prognostic index for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, p = 0.008). After baseline characteristics were balanced, 288 patients were included in the PSM cohort. In this cohort, high ApoB/ApoA-I still predicted inferior OS in both univariate analysis (median OS, 27.6 vs. 39.3 months, p = 0.002) and multivariate analysis (HR = 1.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: Serum ApoB/ApoA-I is a useful biomarker in predicting aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and poor prognosis in HCC patients treated with TACE.
First-Dose Coronavirus 2019 Vaccination Coverage among the Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities in France
Authors: Belmin Joël , Lutzler Pierre , Hidoux Patrick , Drunat Olivier , Lafuente-Lafuente Carmelo ,   the Investigators of the DU MedCo Network
Published: August 2021

Background: Long-term care facilities (LTCFs) experienced severe burden from the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 is a major issue for their residents. Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the vaccination coverage rate among the residents of French LTCFs. Method: Participants and settings: 53 medical coordinators surveyed 73 LTCFs during the first-dose vaccination campaign using the BNT162b2 vaccine, conducted by health authorities in January and early February 2021. Measurements: in all the residents being in the LTCF at the beginning of the campaign, investigators recorded age, sex, history of clinical or asymptomatic COVID-19, serology for SARS-CoV-2 or severe allergy, current end-of-life situation, infectious or acute disease, refusal of vaccination by the resident or by the representative person of vaccine, and the final status, vaccinated or not. Results: Among the 4,808 residents, the average coverage rate for COVID-19 vaccination was 69%, and 46% of the LTCFs had a coverage rate <70%. Among unvaccinated residents, we observed more frequently a history of COVID-19 or a positive serology for SARS-CoV-2 (44.6 vs. 11.2% among vaccinated residents, p < 0.001), a history of severe allergy (3.7 vs. 0.1%, p < 0.001), end-of-life situation (4.9 vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001), current infectious or acute illness (19.6 vs. 0.3%, p < 0.001), and refusal of vaccination by residents or representative persons (38.9 vs. 0.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: About 3 out of 10 residents remained unvaccinated, and half of the LTCFs had a coverage rate <70%. This suggests that COVID-19 will remain a threat to many LTCFs after the vaccination campaigns.
Bodily Self-Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Comparative Study of South Korea and the USA
Authors: Lee Hyeon-Seung , Griffith Taylor , Park Sohee
Published: August 2021

Background: Bodily self-disturbances are highly salient to the phenomenology of schizophrenia (SZ) but difficult to quantify owing to the subjective nature of these experiences that challenge verbal descriptions. The Benson et al. [PsyCh J. 2019 Mar;8(1):110–21] Body Disturbances Inventory (B-BODI) provides visual aids to help participants access the frequency, distressfulness, and vividness of subjective self-experiences with good reliability and validity in North American samples. However, the concept of the self and, accordingly, the conceptualization of self-disorders are influenced by culture. Therefore, we examined self-disturbances in individuals with SZ and control (CO) participants in 2 distinct cultures. Methods: B-BODI was administered to South Korean and North American participants, with and without SZ. Severity of symptoms in diagnosed individuals with SZ and schizotypy in CO was assessed. We also assessed perceived social isolation and mood in all participants. Results: Endorsement and frequency of bodily self-disturbances in SZ were similar in both cultures. In contrast, there were significant cultural differences in the degree of distress and vividness of self-disturbances. Bodily self-disturbances were experienced as more vivid and distressing to Americans than Koreans, regardless of diagnosis. For both cultures, B-BODI scores were associated with positive, but not negative, symptoms in SZ. For CO, elevated schizotypy was associated with B-BODI scores. Mood and loneliness were not associated with B-BODI scores. Conclusion: SZ reported overall increased levels of bodily self-disturbances compared with CO, regardless of culture. However, there were cultural differences in one’s emotional reaction to these experiences. Americans were more distressed by self-disturbances and experienced them more vividly than Koreans. These findings suggest that Americans may be less accepting of anomalous bodily self-experiences relative to Koreans. Last, B-BODI appears to be a useful tool for future cross-cultural studies of SZ phenomenology.
Comparative Analyses of Clinical Features, Histopathology, and CD123 Immunohistochemistry of Oral Lupus Erythematosus, Lichen Planus, and Other Lichenoid Lesions
Authors: Chanprapaph Kumutnart , Pomsoong Cherrin , Tankunakorn Jutamas , Eden Chime , Suchonwanit Poonkiat , Rutnin Suthinee
Published: August 2021

Background: Oral lupus erythematosus (OLE) and oral lichen planus (OLP) are among the common causes of oral lichenoid lesions (OLLs). The differential diagnosis among causes of OLLs, particularly between OLE and OLP, is challenging as they have significant clinical and histopathological overlap. Objectives: To compare and summarize the clinical, histopathological, and direct immunofluorescence (DIF) findings between OLE, OLP, and other OLLs and to explore the diagnostic value of CD123 immunohistochemistry. Methods: A retrospective study on patients with OLE, OLP, and other OLLs was performed between January 2014 and December 2019. The baseline characteristics, the clinical, histopathological, and DIF features, as well as CD123 immunohistochemistry for plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) were statistically analyzed and compared between groups. Results: Of 70 patients, 12 had OLE, 39 had OLP, and 19 had other OLLs. Oral erosions/ulcers were the most common findings in all three groups. Red macules, telangiectases, and discoid plaques were more common in OLE patients, while OLP cases were typified by reticulated patches (p < 0.05). Additionally, white patches were found more often in other OLLs than in both OLE and OLP (p = 0.002). Histologically, mucosal atrophy, basal vacuolization, and perivascular infiltrate were observed in OLE, whereas OLP specimens possessed mucosal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, and compact orthokeratosis (p < 0.05). Mucosal spongiosis was a histologic feature that favored other OLLs over OLE and OLP (p < 0.001). Data on DIF were nonspecific for all three conditions. For immunohistochemical staining, the median number of total CD123+ PDCs was observed to be higher in OLE than OLP in the mucosal-submucosal junction (MSJ) (p = 0.021), the superficial perivascular area (p = 0.026), and the superficial and deep perivascular areas (p = 0.001). Likewise, PDCs in clusters ≥2+ were seen in significantly higher numbers on OLE than OLP along the MSJ (p = 0.002), the superficial perivascular area (p < 0.001), as well as the superficial and deep perivascular areas (p = 0.011). CD123+ PDCs were found to be significantly more numerous in both OLE and OLP than other OLLs in all of the abovementioned areas (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: While there are some differences in the clinicopathological features between OLE, OLP, as well as other OLLs, a significant overlap remains. The quantity and distribution pattern of CD123 immunohistochemical staining has a diagnostic implication in differentiating OLE from OLP and other OLLs.
Pleuraerguss bei Patienten mit Psoriasis-Arthritis: An Nebenwirkungen von TNF-α-Blockern denken
Authors: Keymel Stefanie
Published: August 2021

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with psoriasis. Pulmonary involvement is a rare extraarticular manifestation of the disease characterized by rigidity of the chest wall and apical pulmonary fibrosis. Pleural effusion is uncommon in PsA. We present four cases of patients with PsA who developed pleural effusions. We report for the first time a PsA patient who was drug-naïve and developed unilateral pleuritis. We also describe one PsA case with pleuritis while he was on methotrexate (MTX) and two PsA cases on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. The literature review revealed six cases with pleural effusion, which were drug-induced. These patients presented pleural effusions while they were treated with MTX (2 patients) and TNF inhibitors (4 patients). In PsA patients with pleuritis, a detailed investigation to rule out infections is necessary. In addition, increased pharmacovigilance will detect cases of drug-induced serositis.
Helicobacter pylori Infection in Africa: Update of the Current Situation and Challenges
Authors: Smith Stella Ifeanyi , Ajayi Abraham , Jolaiya Tolulope , Onyekwere Charles , Setshedi Mashiko , Schulz Christian , Otegbayo Jesse Abiodun , Ndip Roland , Dieye Yakhya , Alboraie Mohamed , Ally Reidwaan , Gunturu Revathi , Hyasinta Jaka , Ugiagbe Rose , Ndububa Dennis , Arigbabu Anthony ,   on behalf of the African Helicobacter and Microbiota Study Group
Published: August 2021

Background: The burden of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa remains high with varying levels of prevalence among children and adults reported in different regions of the continent. Persistent and uneradicated HPI could result in gastric cancer, although less severe pathological outcomes have been reported among Africans – the so-called “African enigma.” Summary: Analysis of endoscopic findings of the upper gastrointestinal tract demonstrates similarities with that of patients from the West. Thus, it could be asserted that the true picture of HPI in Africa is yet to be unveiled due to several challenges including inadequate health-care system, lack of treatment guidelines and standardized protocol for diagnosis, and lack of data. This review explores the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and health-care system in Africa as it relates to HPI, thus providing an update and highlighting the need for an African HPI guideline. Key Messages: There is high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) in Africa with an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance. Various methods including invasive and noninvasive methods are deployed in the diagnosis of HPI in Africa. There is a need for consensus on diagnosis and treatment of HPI in Africa.
Nefrotoxicidade e alterações de exames laboratoriais por fármacos: revisão da literatura
Authors: Mello Palloma Aline de , Rocha Bruna Gabriela , Oliveira William Neves , Mendonça Thays Santos , Domingueti Caroline Pereira
Published: August 2021

O uso de substâncias nefrotóxicas, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, dentre outros, podem lesionar os rins e comprometer o seu funcionamento. A presença de lesão nos rins e a função renal podem ser avaliadas por meio de diversos marcadores bioquímicos, tais como creatinina sérica, ureia sérica, cistatina C sérica, proteinúria, taxa de filtração glomerular e eletrólitos. Diversos fármacos podem alterar os resultados dos exames laboratoriais de avaliação dos rins por mecanismos in vivo ou in vitro, sendo importante o conhecimento de quais medicamentos causam este tipo de interferência. Esta revisão da literatura teve como objetivo apresentar os principais fármacos que podem gerar tais interferências nos exames de avaliação dos rins e seus principais mecanismos. Vários fármacos considerados nefrotóxicos podem promover aumento dos níveis séricos de creatinina e ureia, diminuição da taxa de filtração glomerular ou proteinúria, sendo importante o monitoramento da função renal dos pacientes que os utilizam. Além disso, o uso de alguns destes fármacos deve ser evitado por pacientes que possuem doença renal crônica ou deve ser feito o ajuste adequado da dose caso oseu uso seja imprescindível. Alguns fármacos podem inibir asecreção renal da creatinina, aumentando seus níveis séricos, naausência de alteração da função renal. Outros podem alterar osníveis séricos de eletrólitos ou a densidade urinária, ou ainda interferir na dosagem de outros marcadores de avaliação da função dos túbulos renais. É fundamental o conhecimento dos fármacos que interferem nos exames de avaliação dos rins pelos profissionais da área da saúde para que estes possam interpretar corretamente os exames laboratoriais, resultando em diagnóstico e terapia adequada.
Complexidade e compreensão em reportagens sobre a migração de refugiados africanos: a narrativa jornalística de Paulo Moura
Authors: Ventura Mauro de Souza , Abib Tayane Aidar
Published: August 2021

Dados da Agência de Refugiados das Nações Unidas (UNHCR) indicam que, todos os dias, 44.400 pessoas são forçadas a fugir de suas casas devido a perseguições, conflitos ou violência generalizada. Este artigo investiga caminhos narrativos possíveis para a cobertura da crise dos refugiados, propondo a adoção de dispositivos que entrelaçam complexidade e compreensão à prática jornalística. Analisa, neste sentido, o trabalho de reportagem do jornalista português Paulo Moura em cenários de crise migratória, evidenciando, especificamente em sua obra Passaporte para o céu (2005), as perspectivas de diálogo e afetos que, circunscritas à esfera da alteridade, são tecidas acerca da realidade dos africanos que buscam alcançar a Europa.
Memória, poder e verdades: disputas de sentidos no acionamento do memorável no caso do Fundão
Authors: Bruck Mozahir Salomão , Vargas Herom , Moreira Jeane
Published: August 2021

Este artigo busca estudar narrativas do jornal A Sirene e dos vídeos de storytelling, da Fundação Renova, no contexto de discursos que circularam após o rompimento da Barragem do Fundão, Minas Gerais, em 2015. Polarizados e antagônicos, tais movimentos discursivos oportunizam a reflexão sobre a memória como disputa de sentidos, ou seja, exemplificam o jogo da memória como um jogo de poder e de luta pela afirmação de verdades. O embasamento teórico convocou noções como poder e verdade; a revisão crítica da noção de memória coletiva; os tensionamentos entre lembrar e esquecer e testemunho. Nossa abordagem empírica se valeu da análise de conteúdo, por meio da qual se perscrutou as textualidades mencionadas, buscando entender como tais dispositivos mobilizam suas forças, táticas e competências discursivas e linguageiras para, na atualidade, acionar fatos passados – o memorável – mas nele também construir a memória por vir.
Mídia e memória: visibilidades e resistências
Authors: Serra Jennifer Jane , Soares Rosana de Lima
Published: August 2021

Apresentação do dossiê primeiro semestre de 2021
Percursos e reflexões da esquerda armada de outrora
Authors: Soares Dayane
Published: August 2021

Resenha do livro: SERBIN, Kenneth P. From Revolution to Power in Brazil: How Radical Leftists Embraced Capitalism and Struggled with Leadership. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2019.
“Os filhos da viúva” sob a ótica da suspeição: congregados marianos, intelectuais católicos, repressão e estratégias de reorganização maçônica nos meandros da burocracia do Estado (1937-1945)
Authors: Silva Augusto César Acioly Paz
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como preocupação, discutir os caminhos que a maçonaria pernambucana trilhou no período após a instalação do Estado Novo, quando permaneceu com suas atividades e patrimônios interditados pelo Estado. Ao longo do texto, discutiremos como o ideário antimaçônico foi difundido em vários espaços da burocracia do Estado Novo pernambucano, muitos deles, formados dentro de uma sociabilidade, política e intelectual de matriz conservadora-católica. Procurando realizar uma leitura de fontes relacionadas a este processo de construção de uma lógica da suspeição, observaremos como ela foi importante no processo interdição de reorganização das ações maçônicas pernambucanas no período de 1937-1945.
Prognostication of Asymptomatic Penetrating Aortic Ulcers: A Modern Approach
Authors: DeCarlo Charles , Latz Christopher A. , Boitano Laura T. , Kim Young , Tanious Adam , Schwartz Samuel I. , Patell Rushad , Mohebali Jahan , Dua Anahita
Published: August 2021

Background:

Literature detailing the natural history of asymptomatic penetrating aortic ulcers (PAUs) is sparse and lacks long-term follow-up. This study sought to determine the rate of asymptomatic PAU growth over time and adverse events from asymptomatic PAU.

Methods:

A cohort of patients with asymptomatic PAU from 2005 to 2020 was followed. One ulcer was followed per patient. Primary end points were change in size over time and the composite of symptoms, radiographic progression, rupture, and intervention; cumulative incidence function estimated the incidence of the composite outcome. Ulcer size and rate of change were modeled using a linear mixed-effects model. Patient and anatomic factors were evaluated as potential predictors of the outcomes.

Results:

There were 273 patients identified. The mean age was 75.5±9.6 years; 66.4% were male. The majority of ulcers were in the descending thoracic aorta (53.9%), followed by abdominal aorta (41.4%) and aortic arch (4.8%). Fusiform aneurysmal disease was present in 21.6% of patients at a separate location; 2.6% had an associated intramural hematoma; 23.6% had at least 1 other PAU. Symptoms developed in 1 patient who ruptured; 8 patients (2.9%) underwent an intervention for PAU (1 for rupture, 2 for radiographic progression, 5 for size/growth) at a median of 3.1 years (interquartile range, 1.0–6.5) after diagnosis. Five- and 10-year cumulative incidence of the primary outcome, adjusted for competing risk of death, was 3.6% (95% CI, 1.6%–6.9%) and 6.5% (95% CI, 3.1%–11.4%), respectively. For 191 patients with multiple computed tomography scans (760 total computed tomographies) with a median radiographic follow-up of 3.50 years (interquartile range, 1.20–6.63 years), mean initial ulcer width, ulcer depth, and total diameter were 13.6 mm, 8.5 mm, and 31.4 mm, respectively. A small but statistically significant change over time was observed for ulcer width (0.23 mm/y) and total diameter (0.24 mm/y); ulcer depth did not significantly change over time. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, initial ulcer width >20 mm, thrombosed PAU, and associated saccular aneurysm were associated with larger changes in ulcer size over time; however, the magnitude of difference was small, ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 mm/y.

Conclusions:

Asymptomatic PAU displayed minimal growth and infrequent complications including rupture. Asymptomatic PAU may be conservatively managed with serial imaging and risk factor modification.
Incidence, Predictors, and Outcomes of In‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest in COVID‐19 Patients Admitted to Intensive and Non‐Intensive Care Units: Insights From the AHA COVID‐19 CVD Registry
Authors: Acharya Prakash , Ranka Sagar , Sethi Prince , Bharati Rajani , Hu Jinxiang , Noheria Amit , Nallamothu Brahmajee K. , Hayek Salim S. , Gupta Kamal
Published: August 2021

Background

Limited information is available regarding in‐hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in patients with COVID‐19.

Methods and Results

We leveraged the American Heart Association COVID‐19 Cardiovascular Disease (AHA COVID‐19 CVD) Registry to conduct a cohort study of adults hospitalized for COVID‐19. IHCA was defined as those with documentation of cardiac arrest requiring medication or electrical shock for resuscitation. Mixed effects models with random intercepts were used to identify independent predictors of IHCA and mortality while accounting for clustering at the hospital level. The study cohort included 8518 patients (6080 not in the intensive care unit [ICU]) with mean age of 61.5 years (SD 17.5). IHCA occurred in 509 (5.9%) patients overall with 375 (73.7%) in the ICU and 134 (26.3%) patients not in the ICU. The majority of patients at the time of ICHA were not in a shockable rhythm (76.5%). Independent predictors of IHCA included older age, Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; CI, 1.4–2.4;
P
<0.001), and non‐Hispanic Black race (OR, 1.5; CI, 1.1–1.9;
P
=0.004). Other predictors included oxygen use on admission, quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on admission, and hypertension. Overall, 35 (6.9%) patients with IHCA survived to discharge, with 9.1% for ICU and 0.7% for non‐ICU patients.

Conclusions

Older age, Black race, and Hispanic ethnicity are independent predictors of IHCA in patients with COVID‐19. Although the incidence is much lower than in ICU patients, approximately one‐quarter of IHCA events in patients with COVID‐19 occur in non‐ICU settings, with the latter having a substantially lower survival to discharge rate.
(Ad)Dressing Foreign Women: Ancient Exegesis of Numbers 25 and Roman Prostitution
Authors: Livneh Atar
Published: August 2021

Does the infinitive לזנות in Num 25:1 suggest that the foreign women were prostitutes? Analyzing four Roman-period Jewish sources—Biblical Antiquities 18:13–14; Philo, Moses 1.294–304 and Virtues 34–50; and Sifre Numbers 131—this article demonstrates that the public exposure of naked bodies in LAB reflects Roman norms relating to prostitutes. Philo even more explicitly depicts the women as brothel prostitutes, projecting the Roman repugnance towards upper-class men openly entering such establishments onto the Israelites and presenting them as immoral by dressing them in the elaborate costume typically worn by courtesans in Greek sources. Sifre Numbers 131 is a satirical variation on the theme, the Israelites being tricked into entering the prostitute’s cubicle due to their ignorance of the (male elite Roman) stereotyping of female vendor markets as prostitutes and old women as bawds.
Depictions of God in the Drawings of German-Muslim Children
Authors: Güleç Yasemin
Published: August 2021

This empirical inquiry aimed to examine the qualitative differences of the ‘God’ concept of Turkish-German Sunni Muslim children living in Germany. In this study, non-anthropomorphic drawings did not increase gradually with age. Anthromoporphic God depictions seem to be ontologically moving away from people with age. In the present study, indirect God depictions occurred six times more than the direct God depictions. ‘Religious-cultural drawings’ were the most common in the sample. The girls drew more aesthetic drawings that expressed an emotional bond with God. Boys depicted God more rationally and pragmatically in regard to human life and the world.
Richard Rorty’s Critique of the Self in Term of Interaction Between the Self and Others
Authors: Do Trung Kien
Published: August 2021

The experiential self in interaction with an object is not, as Richard Rorty emphasizes, an inherent attribute that exists before real interactions, nor is it an entity with fixed characteristics. What Rorty constantly highlights is that the interaction in forming the self must achieve self-awareness as an entity impacted, acknowledged, and evaluated by others. This line of interpretation leads to two important concepts regarding the self’s formation that need to be clarified: First, when an individual expands his/her ability to manage space outside the reach of his/her physical person and visual perception, it is imperative that the individual is aware that he/she is controlling his/her own body. Second, the reciprocal effect from others cannot make the individual self-aware of his/her own existence as an independent entity if there is a lack of the other’s skepticism and questioning of the subject himself/herself. In this step of the self-experience process, the self’s attributes and its existence in relation to its surroundings are questioned. This article will focus on the explanation of the feasibility of perceiving the self as a form made up of biological premises and the awareness of the self as a living entity with contingent and flexible characteristics.
Discovery of the genus Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995 (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) in India and description of a new species from the Western Ghats
Authors: TERINE JOSHUA B. , LELEJ ARKADY S. , KUMAR GIRISH P.
Published: August 2021

The Oriental genus Andreimyrme Lelej, 1995 is newly reported from India. A new species A. paniya sp. nov. is described based on a female specimen from Kerala part of Western Ghats. Diagnostic features of this new species to separate it from similar species A. neaera (Mickel, 1935) and A. sarawakensis Lelej, 1996 are discussed. This new species has the mesosoma and metasoma with reddish-brown cuticle which approximates Eastern mimicry ring in North America. Andreimyrme paniya sp. nov. expresses a rare color pattern. In India such color syndromes occur in two species of the tribe Smicromyrmini and two species of the subfamily Dasylabrinae. These species inhabit the tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion of southern India. An updated diagnosis for males and females of Andreimyrme is given.
The Perilampidae of the United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: DARLING D. CHRISTOPHER , YOO JEONG
Published: August 2021

The family Perilampidae is reported for the first time from the Arabian Peninsula. Krombeinius almokha Darling n. sp. is described from Yemen and seven species of Perilampus Latreille are recorded and illustrated from Yemen and the United Arab Emirates. Two species are recognized in the P. auratus group, Perilampus ardens Yoo & Darling n. sp., P. awbalus Yoo & Darling n. sp., one species in the P. laevifrons/chrysopae group, Perilampus khor Yoo & Darling n. sp., three species in the P. tristis group, Perilampus rainerius (Argaman), 1990, P. houbaraensis Yoo & Darling n. sp., P. yemenensis n. sp., and Perilampus microgastris Ferrière, 1930. The species show primarily Afrotropical and Palaearctic affinities. Comparisons and images are also provided for five extralimital species, P. auratus Panzer, 1798, P. tristis Mayr, 1905, P. chrysonotus Förster, 1859, P. seyrigi Risbec, 1952, and P. noemi Nikol’skaya, 1952, and a lectotype is designated for P. microgastris (present designation). The biogeographic affinities of the Arabian Peninsula Perilampidae are discussed as is “dwarfism” in desert Hymenoptera.
A new species of Notogalumna from the canopy and another new edaphic species of Galumnopsis (Acari: Oribatida: Galumnoidea) from the tropical rainforest of Los Tuxtlas, Mexico
Authors: VILLAGOMEZ FERNANDO , PALACIOS-VARGAS JOSÉ G. , PÁEZ JAIR
Published: August 2021

The genus Galumnopsis (Galumnellidae) is recorded for the first time from Mexico with a new species described here, and Notogalumna (Galumnidae), represents a second record for the country, also with a new species; both from the tropical rainforest in Veracruz state. Notogalumna rickiglesiasi sp. nov. lives in the canopy, while Galumnopsis andydoreyae sp. nov. inhabits soil and litter of Guarea glabra and Astrocaryum mexicanum; most likely they are not only restricted to these plants but are distributed in this forest on a continuous stratum across canopy (Notogalumna) or soil (Galumnopsis). A key for the species of each genus is included.
A Machine Learning Approach in Predicting Mortality Following Emergency General Surgery
Authors: Gao Jeff , Merchant Aziz M.
Published: August 2021

Background

There is a significant mortality burden associated with emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the use of a machine learning approach to predict mortality following EGS.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for patients who underwent EGS between 2012 and 2017. We developed a machine learning algorithm to predict mortality following EGS and compared its performance with existing risk-prediction models of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, American College of Surgeon Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS-SRC), and the modified frailty index (mFI) using the area under receiver operative curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).

Results

The machine learning algorithm had a very high performance for predicting mortality following EGS, and it had superior performance compared to the ASA classification, ACS-SRC, and the mFI, as measured by the AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV.

Discussion

Machine learning approaches may be a promising tool to predict outcomes for EGS, aiding clinicians in surgical decision-making and counseling of patients and family, improving clinical outcomes by identifying modifiable risk factors than can be optimized, and decreasing treatment costs through resource allocation.
Book review: Osmund Bopearachchi and Suchandra Ghosh, eds, Early Indian History and Beyond: Essays in Honour of B. D. Chattopadhyaya
Authors: Ali Daud
Published: August 2021

Osmund Bopearachchi and Suchandra Ghosh, eds, Early Indian History and Beyond: Essays in Honour of B. D. Chattopadhyaya. New Delhi: Primus Books, 2019, 561pp.
Mind the rent gap: Blackstone, housing investment and the reordering of urban rent surfaces
Authors: Christophers Brett
Published: August 2021

Recent years have seen a burst of new writing on the opening and closing of urban rent gaps. Such studies generally consider individual cases. Rarely does the opportunity arise to readily compare and contrast rent gaps across multiple cities and territories, least of all within the context of a single developer or investor portfolio. Such an opportunity has arisen in the past decade, however, as the US investment firm Blackstone has pursued a multi-territory housing-investment strategy specifically of identifying and closing rent gaps, which it styles ‘buy it, fix it, sell it’. This article examines that strategy and the varying nature of its implementation in Danish, German, Swedish and US cities. It argues that the rent gap is a paradoxical phenomenon: vast gaps, promising vast profits, frequently open up and frequently remain open for long periods before being closed – if they are closed at all. A primary reason is that successful and profitable closure requires not just favourable local political-economic conditions but a singularly well-funded, determined and aggressive investor – an investor, that is, such as Blackstone.
Spatial spillover effects of crime on private investment at nearby micro-places
Authors: Acolin Arthur , J. Walter Rebecca , Skubak Tillyer Marie , Lacoe Johanna , Bostic Raphael
Published: August 2021

Criminal activity may influence the decisions of existing property owners or prospective investors to invest in a property, given the potential elevated expenses and increased uncertainty that often accompany crime. This study investigates the relationship between crime and private investment at nearby micro-places using location-specific crime incident and building permit data from 2008 to 2018 in the cities of Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, Philadelphia, San Antonio and Seattle. Data were aggregated to the blockface-level to examine how changes in investment on a blockface are influenced by changes in crime on that blockface and adjacent blockfaces in the subsequent year. Results indicate that an increase in total crime on a blockface was associated with a significant decrease in building permit activity the following year in all six cities, but the relationship is less strong when aggregating crime from adjacent blockfaces. When looking at spillover effects, higher crime on adjacent blockfaces was significantly associated with lower levels of investment beyond the effect of the crime trend on that blockface in Los Angeles and San Antonio. Though the relationship between adjacent blockface crime and investment was negative across the other four cities, it was not statistically significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that effective targeted crime prevention policies may have the added benefit of spurring local economic investment and that the impact of crime is very localised.
Who Participates in Public Participation? The Exclusionary Effects of Inclusionary Efforts
Authors: Glimmerveen Ludo , Ybema Sierk , Nies Henk
Published: August 2021

Highlighting public-service actors’ deliberately tokenistic or self-serving efforts, existing literature has shown that public participation often involves the co-optation of sympathetic citizens. In contrast, our study demonstrates that participatory advocates may discredit and marginalize critical voices despite their own inclusive, democratic ideals. We analyze the entangled legitimacy claims of participating citizens and “inviting” public-service actors, capturing (a) the often-unintended dynamics through which the inclusion of particular participants legitimizes the exclusion of others, while illuminating (b) the tenacious propensity of participatory initiatives to establish “constructive cooperation” as the norm for participation and, subsequently, to normalize exclusionary practices.
Clinical Presentation and Treatment of Early-Onset Behavior Disorders: The Role of Parent Emotion Regulation, Emotion Socialization, and Family Income
Authors: Highlander April , Zachary Chloe , Jenkins Kaeley , Loiselle Raelyn , McCall Madison , Youngstrom Jennifer , McKee Laura G. , Forehand Rex , Jones Deborah J.
Published: August 2021

Parent emotion regulation and socialization have been linked to various aspects of child functioning. In the case of early-onset behavior disorders in particular, parent emotion regulation may be an important correlate of the coercive cycle implicated in early-onset behavior disorders thus, symptom presentation at baseline. Further, emotion socialization may be complicated by a pattern of parent-child interactions in which both supportive or unsupportive parenting behaviors in response to behavioral dysregulation may increase vulnerability for problem behavior in the future. Some work suggests standard Behavioral Parent Training may impact parent emotion regulation and socialization. Still little is known, however, about how such processes may vary by family income, which is critical given the overrepresentation of low-income children in statistics on early-onset behavior disorders. This study explored parent emotion regulation, socialization, and family income in a sample of socioeconomically diverse treatment-seeking families of young (3–8 years old) children. Findings suggest relations between parental emotion regulation, socialization, and child behavior although the pattern of associations differed at baseline and post-treatment and varied by family income. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
What’s in a name? Rethinking “gifted” to promote equity and excellence
Authors: Meyer Melanie S , Plucker Jonathan A
Published: August 2021

The goal of gifted education is to serve the needs of individuals with high potential and advanced ability. However, the term “gifted” can create barriers in the minds of the public and policymakers, effectively framing these advanced learning opportunities as inequitable and inaccessible. Excellence gaps, or differences in advanced performance among student groups, provide clear indications that systemic changes need to be made in order to provide advanced learning opportunities to all students who need them. To refocus the collective efforts of scholars and stakeholders on promoting equity and excellence, research-based strategies for reducing excellence gaps (e.g., frontloading, universal screening) should be adopted. As best practices in the field shift, so too should terminology. Moving away from words that convey images of fixed abilities (e.g., gifted) and toward terms that acknowledge the dynamic, contextual nature of intelligence and talent is a good start. Suggestions for alternate terminology are discussed.