bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Strokemash Training Method with Play Training Method on the Smash Ability of Badminton Players of SMPN 4 Koto Baru
Authors: Sattar Abdul , Prasetyo Dian Estu , Burhan Maldin Ahmad
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the stroke smash training method and the playing practice method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru. This research is a type of quantitative research using an experimental method approach. While the form of research design used is "one-group pretest-posttest design". The population in this study were students of class VIII SMP N 4 Koto Baru with a total of 31 students. The samples in this study were male and female class VIII students who were in good health and had no history of serious illness and were willing to take part in the treatment during the research. The specified assessment that fulfilled was 19 people. The data analysis technique used in this study is the normality test and hypothesis testing. The results showed that the influence of the smash hitting training method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru obtained t count of 2.1185 and t table of 1.8595 which means t count > t table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, namely Ho is accepted. So in this study it was concluded that there was an influence of the smash practice method on the smash ability of the badminton players of SMP N 4 Koto Baru which was accepted at a significant level of 0.05 and tested the truth in this study, the influence of the playing practice method on the smash ability of the badminton players of SMP N 4 Koto Baru gave the result t count of 3.1167 and t table of 1.8331, which means t count > t table. Based on the hypothesis testing criteria, namely Ha accepted. So in this study it was concluded that there was an influence of the playing practice method on the smash ability of badminton players at SMP N 4 Koto Baru and the truth was tested in this study. the results of the study between groups A and B had different improvement results, that group B was better than group A on the badminton smash ability of SMP N 4 Koto Baru players
Konsolidering gennem opblødning? Varianter af autoritær kapitalisme i Singapore
Authors: Christensen Søren
Published: September 2023

Gennem en historisk analyse viser artiklen, at Singapores autoritære kapitalisme gennem de sidste 15 år har antaget en af-ideologiseret form. Denne opblødning ser dog ikke ud til at true det autoritære styre i Singapore – snarere tværtimod.
Populistisk statskapitalisme i Rusland
Authors: Aage Hans
Published: September 2023

Ruslands hovedkulds demokratisering og privatisering har ført til autoritær, populistisk statskapitalisme. Ressourcerenten er delvis inddraget af staten. Fra lavpunktet i 1998 har BNP nået 1989-niveauet.
Ungarn under Orbán: Illiberalt demokrati og »uortodoks« økonomisk politik
Authors: Riishøj Søren
Published: September 2023

Artiklen diskuterer den overgang til illiberalt demokrati, som Ungarn har gennemgået under Viktor Orbáns parti Fidesz. Grundloven og valgloven er blevet ændret under Orbán, og den økonomiske politik er blevet »uortodoks« med mere statslig styring.
Det danske samfund og de ældre
Authors: Kærgård Niels
Published: September 2023

Danskerne lever længere, og der bliver derfor flere ældre. Det rejser spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt de også kan og vil arbejde længere. Den danske model giver ikke altid hensigtsmæssige incitamenter hertil, og det diskuteres, om der er bedre alternativer.
Økonomiske incitamenter og offentlig kostforplejning til de ældre
Authors: Jensen Jørgen Dejgård
Published: September 2023

En kostforplejning til ældre, som dækker deres energibehov med en sund og nærende kost, har stor betydning for deres velfærd og sundhed, hvilket igen har betydning for de offentlige udgifter. I artiklen ses derfor på incitamentsstrukturer omkring den kommunale madservice, herunder incitamenternes virkning på kvaliteten af servicen og på de ældres brug af ordningerne.
Transdisciplinariedad entre arte, ciencia y tecnología: superación de fronteras en las propuestas didáctico-expositivas de Karin Ohlenschläger en su etapa como directora de LABoral Gijón
Authors: Murillo Ligorred Víctor , Ramos Vallecillo Nora
Published: September 2023

La necesidad de integrar los distintos saberes para que los futuros maestros de educación primaria trabajen de manera globalizada en las aulas responde a las necesidades del presente. La constante disolución de las fronteras de los mundos físicos y digitales requiere que sepamos adaptarnos al mundo en el que vivimos de manera consciente. En este sentido, Ohlenschläger, en su etapa como directora de LABoral Centro de Arte y Creación Industrial de Gijón trae al frente una propuesta iniciada anteriormente en MediaLab Madrid que, tomando como referencia espacios como el ZKM alemán, de educación transdisciplinaria, asume que estamos inmersos en un proceso de transformación en los modelos educativos que puede situarse en torno a una comprensión desde las artes. Por ello, el artículo aborda la transdisciplinariedad didáctica desde la necesidad de integrarla para la adquisición de saberes y competencias, mediante la metodología STEAM (Sciences, Technology, Engineering, Art, Mathematics), en el alumnado de todas las etapas. Para ejemplarizarlo, se presentan algunos de los proyectos didáctico-artístico-científicos que se sitúan como auténticos baluartes de innovación y transgresión, puestos ya en práctica en el Rhode Island School of Design a principios del siglo XXI y que, sin embargo, no han tenido eco ni difusión en España hasta la aprobación de la nueva ley educativa en 2022. Así, se atiende a estos enfoques metodológicos, añadiendo que es la tecnología la que se integra como parte fundamental del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en nuestros días. Finalmente, presentamos unas conclusiones centradas en el desarrollo de una educación que pongan en práctica los futuros maestros para formar a los habitantes de la segunda mitad del siglo XXI.
A synaptic plasticity induced change in synaptic intensity variation and neurodynamic transition during awakening-sleep cycle
Authors: Li Rui , Xu Bang-Lin , Zhou Jian-Fang , Jiang En-Hua , Wang Bing-Hong , Yuan Wu-Jie ,   College of Physics and Electronic Information, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China,   Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China,   Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Published: September 2023

It has been found experimentally that learning during wakefulness leads to a net enhancement of synaptic strength, accompanied by the neural dynamical transition from tonic to bursting firing, while the net synaptic strength decreases to a baseline level during sleep, accompanied by the transition from bursting to tonic firing. In this paper, we establish a model of synaptic plasticity, which can realize synaptic strength changes and neural dynamical transitions in wakefulness-sleep cycle by using the coupled Hindmarsh-Rose neurons. Through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, it is further found that the average synaptic weight of the neural network can reach a stable value during either prolonged wakefulness or prolonged sleep, which depends on the ratio of some specific parameters in the model. Particularly, the synaptic weight exhibits a stable log-normal distribution observed in a real neural system, when the average synaptic weight reaches a stable value. Moreover, the fluctuation of this weight distribution is positively correlated with the fluctuation of noise in the synaptic plasticity model. The provided model of the synaptic plasticity and its dynamics results can provide a theoretical reference for studying the physiological mechanism of synaptic plasticity and neuronal firings during the wakefulness-sleep cycle, and they are expected to have potential applications in the development of therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders.
Preparation and optoelectronic characteristics of perovskite module devices in air assisted by polymer inner packaging layern
Authors: Xu Jie , Feng Ze-Hua , Liu Bing-Ye , Zhu Xin-Yi , Dai Jin-Fei , Dong Hua , Wu Zhao-Xin ,   School of Science, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China,   Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Published: September 2023

The preparation of traditional organic-inorganic lead-halogen hybrid perovskite solar cells often requires strict nitrogen glove box conditions, thus hindering their industrial scalability. This study develops a large-area perovskite film formation process and designs a novel device structure to achieve a dual enhancement of module device efficiency and stability in a high humidity air environment (55%). High-quality perovskite thin films are successfully prepared by vacuum extraction in ambient air, followed by a double-end low-temperature photopolymerization process utilizing acrylate monomer molecules for inner encapsulation modification of the freshly formed perovskite thin films. The influences of these techniques on the photoelectric characteristics of perovskite thin films and devices are investigated. The results indicate that uniform and dense perovskite films can be achieved in ambient air with a pumping time of 60 s. By adjusting the concentration of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomer molecules used in the low-temperature photopolymerization process, the surface defects on the perovskite film can be effectively controlled. The optimal concentration of 1 mg/mL results in perovskite film with optimal morphology and fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, rigid module device and flexible module device (effective area: 18 cm²), based on the polymer inner encapsulation, demonstrate outstanding outdoor photoelectric conversion efficiencies of 19.51% and 18.17%, respectively (with the highest indoor low-light conversion efficiencies of 34.5% and 30.2%, respectively). Notably, the untreated flexible device exhibits a significant decline in photoelectric conversion efficiency, falling below 50% of the initial value after one month of exposure to air. In contrast, device incorporating the polymer inner encapsulation layer maintains over 90% of their original efficiency, highlighting their excellent humidity resistance stability. Moreover, the polymer encapsulation layer also greatly improves the bending stability of the flexible device. This research paves the way for industrial-scale producing perovskite solar cells and addressing the challenges associated with humidity and large-area fabrication. The findings contribute to advancing perovskite solar cell technology and offering a pathway for high-efficiency and stable devices suitable for practical applications.
Opioid-Prescribing Approaches—One-Size-Fits-All versus Patient-Centric and Procedure-Focused—Among Podiatric Physicians: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Brooks Brandon M. , Bratches Reed W. R. , Wolff Kristina B. , Stapp Mickey D. , Bruce Kyle W. , Tower Dyane E.
Published: September 2023

Background: More than half of opioid misusers last obtained opioids from a friend or relative, a problematic reflection of the commonly known opioid reservoir maintained by variable prescription rates and, notably, excessive postoperative prescription. We examined the postoperative opioid-prescribing approaches among podiatric physicians.

Methods: We administered a scenario-based, anonymous, online questionnaire via an online survey platform. The questionnaire consisted of five patient–foot surgery scenarios aimed at discerning opioid-prescribing approaches. Respondents were asked how many opioid “pills” (dosage units) that they would prescribe at the time of surgery. We divided respondents into two opioid-prescribing approach groups: one-size-fits-all (prescribed the same dosage units regardless of the scenario) and patient-centric and procedure-focused (prescribed varied amounts of opioid dosage units based on the patient’s opioid history and the procedure provided in each scenario). We used the Mann-Whitney U test to determine the difference between the opioid dosage units prescribed at the time of surgery by the two groups.

Results: Approximately half of the respondents used a one-size-fits-all postoperative opioid-prescribing approach. Podiatric physicians who used a patient-centric and procedure-focused approach reported prescribing significantly fewer opioid dosage units in scenarios 1 (partial toe amputation; –9.1; P = .0087) and 2 (incision and drainage with partial fifth-ray resection; –12.3; P = .0024), which represented minor procedures with opioid-naive patients.

Conclusions: Podiatric physicians who used a one-size-fits-all opioid-prescribing approach prescribed more postoperative opioid dosage units regardless of the scenario. Given that the patient population requiring foot surgery is diverse and may have multiple comorbidities, the management of postoperative pain, likewise, should be diverse and nuanced. The patient-centric and procedure-focused approach is suited to limit excess prescribing while defending the physician-patient relationship.
Txnip deletions and missense alleles prolong the survival of cones in a retinitis pigmentosa mouse model
Authors: Xue Yunlu , Zhou Yimin , Cepko Constance L
Published: September 2023

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinal disease in which there is a loss of cone-mediated daylight vision. As there are >100 disease genes, our goal is to preserve cone vision in a disease gene-agnostic manner. Previously we showed that overexpressing TXNIP, an α-arrestin protein, prolonged cone vision in RP mouse models, using an AAV to express it only in cones. Here, we expressed different alleles of Txnip in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), a support layer for cones. Our goal was to learn more of TXNIP’s structure-function relationships for cone survival, as well as determine the optimal cell type expression pattern for cone survival. The C-terminal half of TXNIP was found to be sufficient to remove GLUT1 from the cell surface, and improved RP cone survival, when expressed in the RPE, but not in cones. Knock-down of HSP90AB1, a TXNIP-interactor which regulates metabolism, improved the survival of cones alone and was additive for cone survival when combined with TXNIP. From these and other results, it is likely that TXNIP interacts with several proteins in the RPE to indirectly support cone survival, with some of these interactions different from those that lead to cone survival when expressed only in cones.
The morphoanatomy of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) provides evidence of biotrophic interactions by endophytic fungi within leaves
Authors: Freitas Samylla Tássia Ferreira de , Faria Giselle , Silva Fabiano Guimarães , Batista Marco Aurélio , Augusto Damiana Souza Santos , Dyszy Fábio Henrique , Vitorino Luciana Cristina
Published: September 2023

Background

The leaves of Serjania erecta Radlk (Sapindaceae) are renowned in ethnobotany for their medicinal properties and are significant as a medicinal resource for traditional Brazilian communities. As necrotic spots are common on these leaves, indicating interaction with phytopathogenic fungi, it was hypothesized that biotrophic fungal species colonize the leaf tissues of S. erecta.

Methods

To test this hypothesis, we employed standard techniques in plant anatomy, which enabled us to investigate the interaction of fungal structures with plant tissues and describe the morphoanatomical and histochemical characteristics of the epidermis and limbus of S. erecta.

Results

The anatomical analysis showed the existence of leaf teeth on the leaf tips. Additionally, hyphae, conidiospores, and spores of Bipolaris/Curvularia species were detected on the adaxial epidermis. Moreover, melanized microsclerotia were found in glandular areas of the leaf teeth and the phloem, providing evidence of biotrophic behavior. The hypothesis that biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi interact with S. erecta leaf tissues was confirmed, despite the presence of many bioactive compounds (such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and essential oils), as evidenced by histochemical analyses. The presence of tector, glandular, and scabiform trichomes on the leaf teeth and epidermis was also revealed. This study presents, for the first time, the synthesis of essential oils and alkaloids in the leaves of S. erecta. Additionally, it investigates previously unexplained aspects of the anatomy and histochemistry of the species, as well as its interaction with resident microorganisms. Therefore, it is recommended that future research focus on extracting and characterizing the oils and alkaloids of S. erecta, as well as exploring other aspects related to its microbiome and its relationship.
Divergent recovery trajectories of intertidal and subtidal coral communities highlight habitat-specific recovery dynamics following bleaching in an extreme macrotidal reef environment
Authors: Speelman P. Elias , Parger Michael , Schoepf Verena
Published: September 2023

Coral reefs face an uncertain future punctuated by recurring climate-induced disturbances. Understanding how reefs can recover from and reassemble after mass bleaching events is therefore important to predict their responses and persistence in a rapidly changing ocean. On naturally extreme reefs characterized by strong daily temperature variability, coral heat tolerance can vary significantly over small spatial gradients but it remains poorly understood how this impacts bleaching resilience and recovery dynamics, despite their importance as resilience hotspots and potential refugia. In the macrotidal Kimberley region in NW Australia, the 2016 global mass bleaching event had a strong habitat-specific impact on intertidal and subtidal coral communities at our study site: corals in the thermally variable intertidal bleached less severely and recovered within six months, while 68% of corals in the moderately variable subtidal died. We therefore conducted benthic surveys 3.5 years after the bleaching event to determine potential changes in benthic cover and coral community composition. In the subtidal, we documented substantial increases in algal cover and live coral cover had not fully recovered to pre-bleaching levels. Furthermore, the subtidal coral community shifted from being dominated by branching Acropora corals with a competitive life history strategy to opportunistic, weedy Pocillopora corals which likely has implications for the functioning and stress resilience of this novel coral community. In contrast, no shifts in algal and live coral cover or coral community composition occurred in the intertidal. These findings demonstrate that differences in coral heat tolerance across small spatial scales can have large consequences for bleaching resilience and that spatial patchiness in recovery trajectories and community reassembly after bleaching might be a common feature on thermally variable reefs. Our findings further confirm that reefs adapted to high daily temperature variability play a key role as resilience hotspots under current climate conditions, but their ability to do so may be limited under intensifying ocean warming.
MoO3/ironepinelium catalyst supported on ornamental rock residues with potential application in biodiesel production
Authors: Sales Herbet Bezerra , De Oliveira Michel Silva , Macário Stephanye Nunes , De Andrade Gabriel Gonçalves , Da Silva Adriano Lima , Alves Mary Cristina Ferreira , Costa Ana Cristina Figueiredo de Melo
Published: September 2023

The search for environmentally correct fuels has been gaining momentum/prominence in scientific research, for example, using oils or fats of animal/vegetable origin and commercial/residual oils. These oils consist primarily of free fatty acids with high energy power and can be converted into fatty acid esters (biodiesel) using highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous catalysts. Among the heterogeneous catalysts most used in the conversion of biodiesel, two are worth mentioning: MoO3 and ferrospinels. The first is because it contains in its structure, especially the orthorhombic, acidic active sites of Lewis and Brönsted-Lowry, and the second is because they have high specific surface areas and adequate magnetic characteristics that allow the recovery of the medium. Another interesting point is the use of residues for catalysis that has been highlighted, as they are materials that contain metals such as Fe, K, Si, Mg, Na, and Ti in their composition, which accelerate reactions. Thus, in this sense, this article proposes to carry out a bibliographical survey of the literature in experimental scientific papers and published reviews on the use of MoO3 and ferrospinels as heterogeneous catalysts supported on waste from cut ornamental rocks (granite/marble) for the production of biodiesel, which is the core of this search, on the online data platforms Science Direct (Elsevier) and Web of Science covering the period from 2016 to April 2023, using the Start software (State of the Art through Systematic Review). The results revealed a quantitative of 223 articles in general, in which 62 were accepted, and 161 were rejected. While in the review extraction stage, 22 papers were accepted, and 40 were rejected. In addition, the review revealed that most of the catalysts and catalytic supports used for the production of biodiesel with oils are oxides, nothing specifically informing the use of waste from cuts of ornamental rocks (granite/marble) as a host material (support) for the catalysts MoO3 and ferrospinels aiming the production of biodiesel. Therefore, meaning that it is not possible to use this type of residue as a support for catalysts, but rather that there may be a lack of research investigating this application.
La protección de la inversión extranjera y los compromisos ambientales ¿Un posible equilibrio?
Authors: Schäfer Rodríguez Joaquín
Published: September 2023

La presente investigación tiene por objeto revisar las posibles zonas de fricción entre la protección internacional de las inversiones y los compromisos ambientales asumidos por Chile. Con dicho propósito, se analiza el arbitraje de inversiones en el marco de la fragmentación del derecho internacional público. Asimismo, se revisan posibles áreas de fricción entre el arbitraje de inversiones con las potestades regulatorias de un Estado y con sus compromisos en materia ambiental. Finalmente, se concluye, por un lado, que es posible un equilibrio entre la protección de las inversiones y los compromisos ambientales del Estado y, por el otro, que una inversión extranjera será tutelada y los derechos de los inversores garantizados, en la medida en la que estos desarrollen su actividad de buena fe y en cumplimiento del régimen regulatorio del Estado receptor.
The Efficiency of Some Natural Alternatives against Pratylenchus Coffeae, Pest of Plantain in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kouadio Demby Laetitia Muriel , Aby N’Goran , N’Guetta Adelaïde , Koffi Cyrille , Atsin Olivier , Gnonhouri Philippe , Traore Siaka
Published: September 2023

Aims: Analyze in vitro test the efficiency of aqueous extracts nematicidal activities of four selected medicinal plants (Tithonia diversifolia, Vernonia colorata, Piper sarmentosum, and  Lantana camara) against Pratylenchus coffeae. Analyse in greenhouse assay the efficiency of aqueous leaf extract of T. diversifolia and V. colorata against P. coffeae.

Study Design: The study took place in vitro and greenhouse assay.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Nematology, plantain banana, and pineapple program, National Research Agronomic Center of Côte d’Ivoire, between January to July 2022.

Methodology:  In vitro assay, the efficiency of aqueous leaf extract was tested against P. coffeae after 30 min, 1 h, 1 h30, 2 h, 2 h30, 3 h, 3 h30, and 4 h of exposure. Two parameters were measured nematostatic paralysis and mortality rates. Each treatment has been replicated four times. Bananas variety Corne 1 has been used in greenhouse assay. After the inoculation of 100 nematodes of P. coffeae, reproduction factor, and agronomics parameters have been studied.

Results: All plants caused significant nematostatic and mortality effects (P<0.05). V. colorata extract was the most effective with a 90% of nematostatic rate and 87 % mortality. This was followed by: P. sarmentosum (93%; 83%), T. diversifolia (95%; 80%), and L. camara (86%; 73%) in nematostatic and mortality effects. Aqueous leaf extract of T. diversifolia and V. colorata has affected some agronomic parameters compared to the blank. No significant difference in nematode populations has been detected for the two extracts.

Conclusion: Leaves of the V. colorata and T. diversifolia plant could be used for the management of P. coffeae.
Exploring Chilli Anthracnose in Uttar Pradesh's Key Cultivation Regions
Authors: Singh Vivek , Tripathi U. K. , Singh Abhishek , Patel Ashwani Kumar , Kumar Mukesh
Published: September 2023

Chilli, a significant spice and vegetable crop in India, faces susceptibility to various fungal diseases, including Anthracnose, Damping-off, Fusarium wilt, Collar rot, Dry root rot and Stem rot. Among these, Anthracnose and Fusarium wilt stand out as the most widespread and impactful. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of anthracnose disease incidence across 20 selected locations in major chili cultivation regions of Uttar Pradesh, spanning two years (2021-22 and 2022-23). By conducting district-wise and village-wise assessments, the prevalence of infections was assessed. The finding shows distinct disease incidence percentage across locations. Pooled data analysis revealed the highest average anthracnose disease incidence in Rajatalab, Varanasi (60.71%), followed by Kumarganj village, Ayodhya district (60.36%). Conversely, the lowest average incidence was recorded in Sangapur village, Amethi (37.88%). followed by Sonari village, Amethi (38.36%). This research offers valuable insights into the evolving patterns of anthracnose infections within chili growing regions, empowering the development of well-informed disease management strategies.
Investigation of Wind Characteristics and Estimation of Wind Power Potential of Narok County Using Weibull Distribution
Authors: Okoth Steven , Fredrick Otieno , Motochi Isaac
Published: September 2023

Aim: To investigate wind characteristics and estimate wind power density of Narok weather station in Narok county using Weibull distribution.

Research Design: Historical hourly wind direction and speed data recorded by the Kenya Meteorological Department in Narok weather station was analyzed.

Place and duration: The study utilized data samples collected at Narok weather station over a period spanning from 2011 to 2021.

Methods: To assess the temporal characteristics, a statistical average technique was employed. The spatial aspect, specifically wind speed variation with height, was evaluated through wind speed extrapolation using the power law. The dominant wind direction was determined by plotting a polar chart based on a frequency distribution table prepared using both wind direction and wind speed data. The turbulence intensity of the wind was calculated using the turbulence intensity equation. The Weibull parameters were estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation method. The Weibull probability distribution was used to analyze wind speed distribution and power density. The extrapolated Weibull parameters were utilized to calculate wind power density at various heights. The accuracy of the wind regime distribution in Narok was assessed by employing the R2 technique.

Results: The wind regime in Narok exhibited an average annual wind speed of 4.3 m/s and a mean wind power density of 126 W/m2. Analysis of diurnal wind speed variation revealed peak wind speeds around noon, with wind speeds exceeding the cut-in wind threshold (3 m/s) between 0430hrs and 2100hrs. March and October were identified as the windiest months, exhibiting the highest wind power densities, while June and December demonstrated the lowest values. Wind speed and, consequently, wind power density increased exponentially with height. The prevailing wind directions in Narok were primarily from the East, followed by the North and North West. The wind regime in Narok exhibited turbulence, as indicated by average turbulence intensities exceeding 0.25. The wind regime in Narok was accurately described by the Weibull distribution, with an approximation accuracy of 0.94 based on the R2 error.

Conclusion: The wind regime in Narok is generally suitable for extracting wind power at heights above 15 m, regardless of the scale of the wind power extraction.
Materials‐Mediated In Situ Physical Cues for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zhang Liguo , Li Zhao , Gao Fei , Zhang Qun , Bianco Alberto , Liu Hong , Ge Shaohua , Ma Baojin
Published: September 2023

Physical cues like morphology, light, electric signal, mechanic signal, magnetic signal, and heat can be used as alternative regulators for expensive but short‐acting growth factors in bone tissue engineering to promote osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. As physical stimulation applied directly to the tissue cannot be focused on the bone defect area to regulate the cell behaviors and fate in situ, this limits the efficiency of precise bone regeneration. Biomaterials‐mediated in situ physical cues, as an effective strategy combining the synergistic effect of materials themselves, are put forward and studied widely to promote osteogenic differentiation and bone repair efficiently and precisely. Different types of physical cues provide different choices to better satisfy the requirements for targeted bone defect repair. In this review, the recent research about different biomaterials‐mediated physical cues accelerating osteogenesis in vitro and promoting in situ bone formation in vivo is introduced. Meanwhile, the corresponding possible mechanisms of various physical cues regulating cell responses are also discussed. This review provides useful and enlightening guidance for the utilization of intrinsically physical properties of functional materials to achieve efficient bone regeneration, leading to the design and construction of smart biomaterials for practical applications, and eventually promoting clinical translation.
Amino‐Enabled Desolvation Sieving Effect Realizes Dendrite‐Inhibiting Thin Separator for Durable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Hong , Yu Jiaqi , Chen Minfeng , Han Xiang , Chen Jizhang , Liu Bo , Shi Siqi
Published: September 2023

The cyclability of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries is greatly influenced by Zn dendrites and parasitic reactions. Although separator modifications have proven to be effective in addressing these issues, most of the developed separators are too thick to meet practical requirements. Herein, an amino (−NH2)‐functionalized Zr‐based metal–organic framework (MOF), i.e., UiO‐66‐NH2, is incorporated into lignocellulose separator. The amino functional groups not only possess good zincophilicity but also strongly interact with H2O molecules through hydrogen bonding. Therefore, the abundant intersecting subnano‐sized channels within UiO‐66‐NH2 act as desolvation sieves and facilitate the migration and uniform distribution of Zn2+ ions. Even at a rather low thickness of 20 µm, the modified separator can significantly improve the reversibility of Zn electrochemistry and suppress water‐induced hydrogen evolution. With the use of this separator, the Zn electrodes demonstrate a working life exceeding 2000 h at a current density of 2 mA cm−2 with remarkable dendrite‐free characteristic and remain operationally viable under ultrahigh areal capacity of 25 mAh cm−2. Additionally, the resultant Zn//MnO2 battery provides superior rate capability and excellent cyclability. This study provides novel insights into the utilization of amino functional groups to inhibit unfavorable phenomena in aqueous batteries.
Correlative Spatial Mapping of Optoelectronic Properties in Large Area 2D MoS2 Phototransistors
Authors: Ismael Timothy , Grinalds Nathan J. , Abbas Muhammad A. , Hill Noah , Luthy Claire E. , Escarra Matthew D.
Published: September 2023

2D materials‐based device performance is significantly affected by film non‐uniformity, especially for large area devices. Here, it investigates the dependence of large area 2D MoS2 phototransistor performance on film morphology through correlative mapping. Monolayer MoS2 films are quazi‐epitaxially synthesized on C‐plane sapphire (Al2O3 ) substrates by chemical vapor deposition, and the growth time and molybdenum trioxide MoO3 precursor volume are varied to obtain variations in film morphology. Raman, photoluminescence, transmittance, and photocurrent maps are generated and compared with each other to obtain a holistic understanding of large area 2D optoelectronic device performance. For example, it shows that the photoluminescence peak shift and intensity can be used to investigate strain and other defects across multiple film morphologies, giving insight into their effects on the photogenerated current in these devices. It also combines photocurrent and absorption maps to generate large area high‐resolution external quantum efficiency and internal quantum efficiency maps for the devices. This study demonstrates the benefit of correlative mapping in the understanding and advancement of large area 2D material‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Highly Sensitive Lifetime‐Based Luminescent Manometer on Mn4+ Luminescence in Sr4Al14O25 Mn4+
Authors: Pieprz Mateusz , Piotrowski Wojciech , Woźny Przemyslaw , Runowski Marcin , Marciniak Lukasz
Published: September 2023

Enabling remote and temperature‐independent pressure sensing based on luminescence kinetics holds significant potential for the development of a luminescence pressure sensor with a wide array of applications. To meet these requirements, in this work, a unique lifetime‐based luminescence manometer is demonstrated for which an increase in pressure results in an elongation of lifetime of 2E state of Mn4+ due to a change in the probability of radiative depopulation of the 2E level of Mn4+ ions with an unprecedentedly high sensitivity of 35% GPa−1. Furthermore, the pressure‐induced modification in the covalency of the Mn4+─O2− bond facilitates a manometer operating in spectral band shift and ratiometric modes with sensitivities of 26 cm−1 GPa−1 (1.2 nm GPa−1) and 24.8% GPa−1, respectively. This study firmly supports the belief that the distinct pressure‐dependent kinetics governing the depopulation of Mn4+ ions at the 2E level, along with the resulting advantageous manometric performance, will pave the way for a new research trajectory in luminescence manometry.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Redox‐Neutral Synthesis of Indenones from 2‐Aryl‐3‐nitrosoindoles with Alkynes
Authors: Li Cheng , Zhao Bin , Mao Guojiang , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: September 2023

Herein, we developed a rhodium(III)‐catalyzed synthesis of indenones from 2‐aryl‐3‐nitrosoindoles and alkynes in a redox‐neutral manner. The reaction did not require harsh conditions or any external oxidants. Mechanistic experiments and DFT calculation revealed that the reaction involved directed C−H activation, dearomative spirocyclization, N−O/C−C bond cleavage and ketimine hydrolysis cascade processes.
Blueprint for the development of resuscitation and emergency critical care fellowships
Authors: Bracey Alexander , Tichauer Matthew B. , Wu Gregory P. , Barnicle Ryan N. , Lu Christina J. , Tanzi Matthew V. , Pellet Andrew C. , Pauzé Denis R. , Weingart Scott D. , Duncan Luke J. , Wright Brian J.
Published: September 2023

The volume of critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) is increasing rapidly. Continued growth will likely further stress an already strained U.S. health care system. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association with worsened outcomes for critically ill patients boarding in the ED. To address the increasing volume and complexity of critically ill patients presenting to EDs nationwide, resuscitation and emergency critical care (RECC) fellowships were developed. RECC programs teach a general approach to the management of the undifferentiated critically ill patient, advanced management of critically ill patients by disease presentation, and ongoing supportive care of the critically ill patient boarding in the ED. The result is critical care training beyond that of a typical emergency medicine (EM) residency with a focus on the unique features and challenges of caring for critically ill patients in the ED not normally found in critical care fellowships. Graduates from RECC fellowships are well suited to practicing in any ED practice model and may be especially well prepared for EDs that distinguish acuity between zones (e.g., resuscitative care units, ED‐based intensive care units). In addition to further developing clinical acumen, RECC fellowships provide graduates with a niche in EM education, research, and administration. In this article, we describe the philosophical principles and practical components necessary for the creation of future RECC fellowships.
Improbable Rotaxanes Constructed From Surrogate Malonate Rotaxanes as Encircled Methylene Synthons
Authors: Tsai Chi‐You , Cheng Hung‐Te , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien
Published: September 2023

We have developed a new approach for the synthesis of “improbable” rotaxanes by using malonate‐centered rotaxanes as interlocked surrogate precursors. Here, the desired dumbbell‐shaped structure can be assembled from two different, completely separate, portions, with the only residual structure introduced from the malonate surrogate being a methylene group. We have synthesized improbable [2]‐ and [3]rotaxanes with all‐hydrocarbon dumbbell‐shaped components to demonstrate the potential structural flexibility and scope of the guest species that can be interlocked when using this approach.
A Golgi‐Targeted Platinum Complex Plays a Dual Role in Autophagy Regulation for Highly Efficient Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liang Bing‐Bing , Liu Qian , Liu Bin , Yao Hua‐Gang , He Juan , Tang Cheng‐Fei , Peng Kun , Su Xu‐Xian , Zheng Yue , Ding Jia‐Yi , Shen Jianliang , Cao Qian , Mao Zong‐Wan
Published: September 2023

Regulating autophagy to control the homeostatic recycling process of cancer cells is a promising anticancer strategy. Golgi apparatus is a substrate of autophagy but the Golgi‐autophagy (Golgiphagy) mediated antitumor pathway is rarely reported. Herein, we have developed a novel Golgi‐targeted platinum (II) complex Pt3, which is ca. 20 times more cytotoxic to lung carcinoma than cisplatin and can completely eliminate tumors after intratumoral administration in vivo. Its nano‐encapsulated system for tail vein administration also features a good anti‐tumor effect. Mechanism studies indicate that Pt3 induces substantial Golgi stress, indicated by the fragmentation of Golgi structure, down‐regulation of Golgi proteins (GM130, GRASP65/55), loss of Golgi‐dependent transport and glycosylation. This triggers Golgiphagy but blocks the subsequent fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, that is a dual role in autophagy regulation, resulting in loss of proteostasis and apoptotic cell death. As far as we know, Pt3 is the first Golgi‐targeted Pt complex that can trigger Golgi stress‐mediated dual‐regulation of autophagic flux and autophagy‐apoptosis crosstalk for highly efficient cancer therapy.
Development of new surgical mesh geometries with different mechanical properties using the design freedom of 3D printing
Authors: Sterk S. , Silva M. E. T. , Fernandes A. A. , Huß A. , Wittek A.
Published: September 2023

The emergence of new rapid prototyping techniques such as melt electrowriting and their application in the development of medical devices, enables new geometries for surgical meshes that were previously limited by current conventional manufacturing methods. The change in geometry allows a direct impact on the mechanical behavior of surgical meshes using identical polymers. The adaptation of the mechanical properties of surgical meshes, based on sinusoidal auxetic design with varying amplitude and number of waves per total fiber length, aims to improve biocompatibility by mimicking and matching the mechanical properties of vaginal soft tissue, which is not provided by current polypropylene nondegradable meshes. The auxetic design of the meshes can supply dimensionally stable pores under tensile load, which is a limitation of the current meshes. The mechanical properties can be controlled with mesh deformations up to 100%, Young's modulus ranging from 50 to 400 N/mm2 and a variable toe region. The printed meshes show an effective porosity of over 70% and are lightweight or ultra‐lightweight. By combining matching mechanical properties with good porosity and weight, 3D printed sinusoidal meshes, made of biodegradable Poly‐ε‐caprolactone, show promising results to improve surgical meshes for use in pelvic organ prolapse repair.
Signaling roles of platelets in skeletal muscle regeneration
Authors: Graca Flavia A. , Minden‐Birkenmaier Benjamin A. , Stephan Anna , Demontis Fabio , Labelle Myriam
Published: September 2023

Platelets have important hemostatic functions in repairing blood vessels upon tissue injury. Cytokines, growth factors, and metabolites stored in platelet α‐granules and dense granules are released upon platelet activation and clotting. Emerging evidence indicates that such platelet‐derived signaling factors are instrumental in guiding tissue regeneration. Here, we discuss the important roles of platelet‐secreted signaling factors in skeletal muscle regeneration. Chemokines secreted by platelets in the early phase after injury are needed to recruit neutrophils to injured muscles, and impeding this early step of muscle regeneration exacerbates inflammation at later stages, compromises neo‐angiogenesis and the growth of newly formed myofibers, and reduces post‐injury muscle force production. Platelets also contribute to the recruitment of pro‐regenerative stromal cells from the adipose tissue, and the platelet releasate may also regulate the metabolism and proliferation of muscle satellite cells, which sustain myogenesis. Therefore, harnessing the signaling functions of platelets and the platelet secretome may provide new avenues for promoting skeletal muscle regeneration in health and disease.
Luminescent polypeptides
Authors: Bao Jieyu , Tong Chuanye , He Mengxuan , Zhang Haoke
Published: September 2023

Polypeptides, as biomacromolecules, hold immense potential in various biological applications such as tissue engineering, immunomodulating agents, and target binding. Among these applications, the attention towards luminescent polypeptides has grown significantly, due to their ability to visualize biological processes effectively. In this perspective, we have compiled information on three distinct types of luminescent polypeptides: natural fluorescent proteins, luminophores‐bioconjugated polypeptides, and synthesized polypeptides with clusteroluminescence. Last, we shed light on the significance and prospects of clusteroluminescent polypeptides, which are expected to emerge as crucial new‐generation bioluminophores, offering high emission efficiency and tunable emission wavelengths.
Survival and biomarkers for cachexia in non‐small cell lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Murata Daiki , Azuma Koichi , Matsuo Norikazu , Murotani Kenta , Matama Goushi , Kawahara Akihiko , Sasada Tetsuro , Tokito Takaaki , Hoshino Tomoaki
Published: September 2023

Background

The presence of cachexia negatively impacts the prognosis of patients with cancer. However, the mechanisms behind the development of cachexia and its prognostic impact on immunotherapy efficacy are not fully understood.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively screened patients with advanced or recurrent non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitor monotherapy. Among 183 patients, pre‐treatment plasma samples were available from 100 patients. We defined cancer cachexia as weight loss of at least 5% during the past 6 months or weight loss of at least 2% and BMI <20. We analyzed 75 soluble immune mediators in pre‐treatment plasma samples to explore the possible mechanisms behind the development of cancer cachexia. We also investigated whether cancer cachexia affects prognosis.

Results

Among 100 patients, 35 had cancer cachexia. Logistic regression analysis identified ghrelin, c‐reactive protein (CRP), pentraxin‐3 (PTX‐3), and osteopontin (OPN) as factors associated with cachexia. Patients with cachexia had worse progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), although we did not detect statistically significant differences. Analyzing the soluble immune mediators associated with cachexia, the combination of cachexia and PTX‐3 or OPN expression levels was predictive for PFS and the combination of cachexia and CRP or OPN expression levels was predictive for OS.

Conclusions

Pre‐treatment ghrelin, CRP, PTX‐3, and OPN may be associated with cachexia. Among patients with NSCLC who received PD‐1/L1 inhibitor monotherapy, those with cachexia had worse survival than those without cachexia. Larger studies will be required to confirm our data and better understand the mechanisms behind the development of cachexia.
Engineering of oxygen vacancy and bismuth cluster assisted ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets with efficient and selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Guan Meili , Lu Ni , Zhang Xuan , Wang Qiuwan , Bao Jian , Chen Guiye , Yu Hao , Li Huaming , Xia Jiexiang , Gong Xuezhong
Published: September 2023

The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into solar‐powered fuels is viewed as a forward‐looking strategy to address energy scarcity and global warming. This work demonstrated the selective photoreduction of CO2 to CO using ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets decorated with hydrothermally synthesized bismuth clusters and oxygen vacancies (OVs). The characterizations revealed that the coexistences of OVs and Bi clusters generated in situ contributed to the high efficiency of CO2–CO conversion (64.3 μmol g−1 h−1) and perfect selectivity. The OVs on the facet (001) of the ultrathin Bi12O17Cl2 nanosheets serve as sites for CO2 adsorption and activation sites, capturing photoexcited electrons and prolonging light absorption due to defect states. In addition, the Bi‐cluster generated in situ offers the ability to trap holes and the surface plasmonic resonance effect. This study offers great potential for the construction of semiconductor hybrids as multiphotocatalysts, capable of being used for the elimination and conversion of CO2 in terms of energy and environment.
Atomically‐Dispersed Metal Heterocatalysts: A Practical Step Toward Sustainability
Authors: Vafaeezadeh Majid , Thiel Werner R
Published: September 2023

Atomically‐dispersed heterogeneous metal catalysts can be considered as an “upgraded” version of classical solid metal catalysts. Unlike traditional heterogeneous metallic catalysts that contain nanoparticles or bulk micro‐sized transition metal species, the active sites of these novel types of catalysts are atomically distributed on the support's surface. This provides several advantages compared to classical catalysts such as higher activity and need for just very small amounts of metal precursors for the catalyst preparation. The latter issue is a key point in green chemical processes and of importance to achieve low‐cost pathways for industrial‐scale synthesis. The atomically dispersed metal sites permit a maximum of metal dispersion and additionally allow to achieve more reproducible heterogeneous catalysts. This review summarizes an overview on breakthrough findings in synthesis, applications and characterization techniques developed in the area of single‐atom, dual‐atom, single‐atom‐layer, single‐site as well as single‐atom nanozyme/enzyme catalysis. The characteristics and properties of each system provide an appropriate understanding for designing a nanomaterial that is optimized for a specific requirement.