bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dissociations of water ions after valence and inner-valence ionization
Authors: Roos A. Hult , Eland J. H. D. , Andersson J. , Squibb R. J. , Feifel R.
Published: November 2018

Energy selected and mass-resolved electron-ion coincidence spectra of heavy water have been recorded for ionization energies from 18 to 35 eV. Dissociation from the B2B2 state produces both O+ and D2+ at energies near their thermodynamic thresholds in addition to the known products D+ and OD+. The relative yields of O+, OD+, and D+ in the B2B2 state breakdown diagram are modulated by the vibrational structure of the B-state population, implying incomplete energy equilibration before fragmentation. Decay from the C-state produces OD+ in addition to the known O+ and D+. The fragment kinetic energies suggest that O+ and D+ from the C state are the products of full atomization of the molecule.
Electrostatic tuning of mechanical and microwave resonances in 3D superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: Pate Jacob M. , Martinez Luis A. , Thompson Johnathon J. , Chiao Raymond Y. , Sharping Jay E.
Published: November 2018

We implement a non-contact, external method of simultaneously fine-tuning a mechanical resonator and a superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavity using a capacitor formed between a silicon nitride membrane and a copper electrode at cryogenic temperatures. The silicon nitride membrane forms a variable boundary condition for the SRF cavity thereby creating the optomechanical cavity. By controlling the DC voltage applied between an external electrode and the silicon nitride membrane we are capable of tuning the resonance frequency internal to the SRF cavity up to 25 kHz for a cavity with loaded quality factor of 2.5 million, corresponding to six cavity linewidths. At the same time we observe the electrostatic frequency shift of the membrane. This approach has the unique benefit of avoiding any dielectric insertion or added gaps due to a moving end-wall thereby limiting the loss of the cavity. Furthermore, this design avoids applied pressure typically used with piezoelectric devices in accelerator cavities. This work seeks to have strong impact in tuning high-Q cavities due to its ability to maintain low losses.
Simulations explore the landscape of electric order in bismuth ferrite nanoislands
Authors: Cesare Chris
Published: November 2018

Researchers find that geometry plays a crucial role in the spontaneous formation of ferroelectric domains.
Improving the robustness of microstencils for single-cell analysis
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: November 2018

A new technique to increase the strength of microstencils for on-demand cell patterning shows promise for cost-effective, reliable and versatile single-cell analysis.
Cryptic speciation in a biodiversity hotspot: multilocus molecular data reveal new velvet worm species from Western Australia (Onychophora : Peripatopsidae : Kumbadjena)
Authors: Sato Shoyo , Buckman-Young Rebecca S. , Harvey Mark S. , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: November 2018

There is a yet uncovered multitude of species to be found among Western Australian Onychophora. Kumbadjena, one of the two genera that reside in this region, has been previously suggested to house an extensive species complex. Morphology alone has not been able to elucidate the diversity in this genus and has instead muddled species delineations. Topologies and species delimitation analyses resulting from the sequences of two mitochondrial ribosomal markers (12S rRNA and 16S rRNA), one nuclear ribosomal marker (18S rRNA), and one mitochondrial protein-coding gene (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) are indicative of several undescribed species. Fixed diagnostic nucleotide changes in the highly conserved sequences of 18S rRNA warrant distinction of three new species of Kumbadjena: K. toolbrunupensis, sp. nov., K. karricola, sp. nov., and K. extrema, sp. nov. The geographic distributions of the proposed species suggest that Kumbadjena is another example of short-range endemism, a common occurrence in the flora and fauna of the region. The extensive biodiversity and endemism in the region necessitates conservation to preserve the species and processes that promote speciation harboured by Western Australia.
Integrating host response and unbiased microbe detection for lower respiratory tract infection diagnosis in critically ill adults
Authors: Langelier Charles , Kalantar Katrina L. , Moazed Farzad , Wilson Michael R. , Crawford Emily D. , Deiss Thomas , Belzer Annika , Bolourchi Samaneh , Caldera Saharai , Fung Monica , Jauregui Alejandra , Malcolm Katherine , Lyden Amy , Khan Lillian , Vessel Kathryn , Quan Jenai , Zinter Matt , Chiu Charles Y. , Chow Eric D. , Wilson Jenny , Miller Steve , Matthay Michael A. , Pollard Katherine S. , Christenson Stephanie , Calfee Carolyn S. , DeRisi Joseph L.
Published: November 2018

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) lead to more deaths each year than any other infectious disease category. Despite this, etiologic LRTI pathogens are infrequently identified due to limitations of existing microbiologic tests. In critically ill patients, noninfectious inflammatory syndromes resembling LRTIs further complicate diagnosis. To address the need for improved LRTI diagnostics, we performed metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) on tracheal aspirates from 92 adults with acute respiratory failure and simultaneously assessed pathogens, the airway microbiome, and the host transcriptome. To differentiate pathogens from respiratory commensals, we developed a rules-based model (RBM) and logistic regression model (LRM) in a derivation cohort of 20 patients with LRTIs or noninfectious acute respiratory illnesses. When tested in an independent validation cohort of 24 patients, both models achieved accuracies of 95.5%. We next developed pathogen, microbiome diversity, and host gene expression metrics to identify LRTI-positive patients and differentiate them from critically ill controls with noninfectious acute respiratory illnesses. When tested in the validation cohort, the pathogen metric performed with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.86–1.00), the diversity metric with an AUC of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63–0.98), and the host transcriptional classifier with an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.75–1.00). Combining these achieved a negative predictive value of 100%. This study suggests that a single streamlined protocol offering an integrated genomic portrait of pathogen, microbiome, and host transcriptome may hold promise as a tool for LRTI diagnosis.
Publishing in English
Authors: Bondi Marina , Borelli Carlotta
Published: November 2018

In a global academic environment, increasing attention has been paid to the international use of English for
publication purposes. The chapter presents a corpus-based study of the differences between authors’ final versions –
seen as a case of writing in English as Lingua Franca – and published versions of papers. The economics component of
the SciELF corpus – a collection of unrevised articles by ELF users – is compared to a larger corpus of published
articles in Business and Economics. The comparison confirms the “cooperative imperative” of ELF users, though limited
to a restricted range of general markers, and suggests a “selling imperative” in the process of revision, emphasizing
authorial presence through personal deixis, epistemic markers and lexical cohesion.
Evaluation in research article introductions in the Social Sciences written by English as a lingua franca and
English native users
Authors: Lafuente-Millán Enrique
Published: November 2018

The present paper investigates cultural and linguistic differences in the use of evaluation in Research Article (RA)
introductions in the Social Sciences. To do this a corpus of published RA introductions written by English as a Native
Language (ENL) researchers was compared with a corpus of introductions extracted from RAs manuscripts written by
English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) users as part of the Sci-ELF corpus. The texts were analysed manually and several
parameters of evaluation were identified, which made the classification of evaluative acts possible. The results
revealed introductions by ELF writers do not comply with the CARS structure and show peculiar rhetorical and
evaluative features which diverge from the Anglo-Saxon rhetorical patterns typically used by ENL writers.
Processing delays
Authors: Koring Loes , van de Koot Hans
Published: November 2018

An eye-tracking experiment using the Visual World Paradigm (VWP) shows that in on-line sentence processing in English the argument of an unaccusative verb reactivates late after verb offset. In contrast to previous studies, this VWP experiment establishes the exact time course of this effect, which matches the time course previously found for Dutch, despite differences in word order between the two languages. Furthermore, it uncovers an early reactivation of the argument of unergative verbs that has previously gone unnoticed. Such an effect has previously been observed for Dutch, but not for English. Moreover, the effect seems to occur earlier in English than in Dutch. We suggest that this difference may be due to the more rigid word order of English, which provides the parser with more informative cues.
Modal particle or emerging inflection?
Authors: van der Wouden Ton
Published: November 2018

Dutch has a construction consisting of a verbal part and something else: ′wɛrksə ‘enjoy your work’ (< werk ‘to work’), ′rujzə ‘enjoy your rowing’ (< roei ‘to row’). According to accepted wisdom, this ‘success imperative’, as it is known in the literature, consists of an imperative and a pronoun ze ‘them’. The paper challenges the standard analysis and investigates two alternatives: an imperative form plus a modal particle, and a verbal stem plus an inflectional ending.
“We have the character of an island nation”
Authors: Wodak Ruth
Published: November 2018

More than five years have passed since former British Prime Minister David Cameron delivered a much acknowledged and controversial speech on 23 January 2013, in respect to the British relationship with the European Union (EU). Europe and the EU are now, of course, facing different challenges than five years ago. The contrasting national and transnational identities which emerge in the so-called “Bloomberg Speech” (BS) imply a nationalistic body-politics which constructs the United Kingdom and England as separate entities contrasted to “the continent”, i.e. Europe. Hence, the BS oscillates between two extremes in its attempt to alternatively observe maximum distance to the EU and some proximity to its economic policies. Moreover, both the topoi of urgency and threat/danger are appealed to – warning the EU that it would suffer under the loss of the United Kingdom, but also warning British voters that Brexit would damage their future and prosperity. This speech can be perceived as the starting point for the referendum on 23 June 2016, which resulted in a tiny majority wanting to leave the EU (“Brexit”). Of course, there is no clear causal connection between the BS and Brexit, but many arguments of the “Remain and Leave campaigns” can be traced to the BS, as well as the huge ambivalence framing Cameron’s position towards the EU.
Disciplining the unwilling
Authors: Rheindorf Markus
Published: November 2018

In the context of mediatised politics in general and of recent shifts toward populist agendas in European politics in particular, publicly performed policy changes warrant close analysis. From a discourse-historical perspective, the notion of discourse strands conceptualises such discursive shifts to be studied with corpus-linguistic and qualitative methods. Austrian populist discourse in early 2015 provides a striking example of the normalisation of far-right demands and associated rhetoric with calls for punishing migrants identified as “unwilling to integrate”. Shifting the discussion from (usually assimilationist) criteria to a speculative “willingness”, mediatised politics thus forced public attention on an issue of terminology. Beyond media, this chapter traces the history of associated terms in specialised discourses of legislation, jurisprudence, parliamentary debates and extreme-right agitation.
Mediated campaign debate subgenre and their importance for analytic considerations
Authors: Adams Karen L.
Published: November 2018

Mediated political debates are among the most widely followed campaign events in the United States, with the bulk of research focusing on presidential and vice-presidential races. A comparison of these debates to those for gubernatorial executive offices proves useful. Non-presidential debates assist in finding greater diversity in party ideology, gender and ethnic identity, and a larger number of candidates in a single debate. Moreover, non-presidential debates exhibit more diverse debate structures given the greater frequency of their occurrence and their design by a wider group of organisations and individuals. Variation in the debate structure and in the number of candidates leads to a differing picture of speaking opportunities and strategies for expressing stance and types of alignment with others.
Reading political minds
Authors: Browse Sam
Published: November 2018

Audiences often speculate about why it is politicians behave in the way they do and say the things they say. Indeed, journalists and academics are frequently called upon to decode these behaviours for “lay” audiences. An integral part of “doing” politics is thus to reconstruct the backstage political processes leading to politicians’ frontstage performances (see Wodak 2009). To account for this speculative activity, I draw on Goffman’s (1981) notion of the “production format” of discourse, alongside concepts from cognitive and social psychology, specifically Schema Theory, Attribution Theory and Theory of Mind. To illustrate this interdisciplinary framework, I analyse journalistic reactions to a speech by the British politician and former Labour Party leader Ed Miliband.
“All this is a boon to Britain’s crumbling democracy”
Authors: Schroeter Melani
Published: November 2018

This contribution deals with meta-reporting in the 2015 British election campaign. First, the concept of mediatisation and the consequences of mediatisation for political communication will be discussed more generally. Second, the concept of meta-reporting will be introduced as both symptom and consequence of an increased degree of mediatised political communication. Thirdly, based on previous findings, a qualitative analysis of newspaper reporting on the four TV debates during the 2015 election campaign exhibits various elements of meta-reporting. Meta-reporting about these media-initiated and mediatised communicative events includes (a) reporting about spin doctoring, image work and strategies for self-representation of political actors, (b) discussing the media format itself and the media actors involved in them, and (c) the effect of the TV debates on the audience and on voting behaviour. The analysis of meta-reporting about the TV debates indicates both a de-politicisation of political agency and a politicisation of media agency.
Functional similarity despite geographical distance
Authors: König Ekkehard , Li Jingying
Published: November 2018

German mal is the reduced version of einmal, i.e. of a construction combining the numeral ‘one’ with a noun originally denoting a salient local unit and later salient temporal units (occasions, frequency). The final stage of the development was a process of desemanticization of the frequency use from ‘minimal frequency’ to ‘minimal effort’.

This article pursues the following goals:

to analyze a discourse marker in German (i.e. mal), both diachronically and synchronically, that has never received a coherent and convincing analysis so far and has no clear counterpart in neighboring languages;

to show that a highly similar pattern and target of grammaticalization can be found in Mandarin Chinese (i.e. yíxià);

to argue that similarities in processes of grammaticalization may be due to cognitive principles, rather than to contact or genealogical affiliation.
The grammaticalization of interrogative pronouns into relative pronouns in South-Caucasian languages
Authors: Gandon Ophelie
Published: November 2018

South Caucasian languages spoken in Caucasus (Georgian, Mingrelian and Svan) resort to finite postnominal relative clauses (henceforth RC) introduced by a relative pronoun as one of their main relativization strategies. The relative pronouns are formally identical to the interrogative pronouns with the addition of a subordinating particle, which suggests that the former has developed from the latter. This paper addresses the issue of whether this is an internal development, or a contact-induced one, more specifically, a case of replica grammaticalization.
C-gravitation and the grammaticalization degree of “present progressives” in English, French, and Dutch
Authors: Wada Naoaki
Published: November 2018

This paper aims to explain the differences of grammaticalization degree among the “present progressives” in English, French, and Dutch by introducing the notion of “C-gravitation” (i.e., gravitation toward the consciousness of the speaker) into their grammaticalization process. Hirose (1995, 2000) & Hasegawa and Hirose (2005) proposed a general theory of linguistic comparison in which public-self-centered languages, such as English, are distinguished from private-self-centered languages, such as Japanese, in terms of the notions of “public self” (i.e., the subject of communicating) and “private self” (i.e., the subject of thinking), based on which I developed two types of C-gravitation in Wada (2008) to explain differences concerning tense and mood among public-self-centered languages, including English, French, and Dutch. The above differences will be explained along these lines from a broader perspective.
(Inter)subjectification and paradigmaticization
Authors: Hancil Sylvie
Published: November 2018

This paper proposes a diachronic analysis of final but in a corpus of Northern English, a dialect where final particles represent a characteristic feature of the grammar. Recently, much emphasis was given to the study of but from a synchronic perpective in American and Australian English. This investigation closes the gap and is pursued in Northern English in the DECTE corpus, extending over a 50 years’ span (1960–2010). The various semantico-pragmatic values are studied diachronically. It is shown that final but undergoes the process of paradigmaticization as it enters into the paradigm of final particles by enriching it with lexical and structural persistence. Besides, the subjective values are evaluated on Traugott and Dasher’s (2002) subjectivity cline.
Of ostriches, pyramids, and Swiss cheese
Authors: Canfora Carmen , Ottmann Angelika
Published: November 2018

Risk management for translations is a relatively new topic in translation science. Damages caused by translation errors can have
grave consequences for all agents involved in the translation process, especially in safety-critical sectors. In these sectors,
effective models and instruments for risk mitigation have long been established, with near-misses management being one of the most
effective instruments. In this paper, we examine the structure of damages caused by translation errors and compare them to the
structure of damages in safety-critical sectors in general. We find that damages caused by translation errors in safety-critical
sectors are comparable to damages in safety-critical sectors in general and conclude that near-misses management methods can also
be applied to translations. Further examination of damages caused by translation errors is necessary to broaden the empirical
base.
Translators’ perceptions of literary post-editing using statistical and neural machine translation
Authors: Moorkens Joss , Toral Antonio , Castilho Sheila , Way Andy
Published: November 2018

In the context of recent improvements in the quality of machine translation (MT) output and new use cases being found for that output, this article reports on an experiment using statistical and neural MT systems to translate literature. Six professional translators with experience of literary translation produced English-to-Catalan translations under three conditions: translation from scratch, neural MT post-editing, and statistical MT post-editing. They provided feedback before and after the translation via questionnaires and interviews. While all participants prefer to translate from scratch, mostly due to the freedom to be creative without the constraints of segment-level segmentation, those with less experience find the MT suggestions useful.
Usability tests for personalised subtitles
Authors: Manchón Lluís Mas , Orero Pilar
Published: November 2018

Over the past decade, subtitles have developed along with broadcast and broadband technology. Viewers nowadays enjoy new
opportunities to customize subtitles to best meet their personal preferences or needs. This study aims to identify end-user
subtitle setting preferences, to investigate whether these settings have an effect on content comprehension, and to explore
subtitle usability for two groups of participants, those under the age of 65 and those over 65. In an experiment, three subtitle
features were open to customization: the position, the box and the size of the subtitle, before and after participants watched an
on-demand TV documentary produced by the Catalan public broadcaster TVC. Results confirm a preference for bottom and medium
subtitles. Furthermore, while the under 65 segment made satisfactory use of the system, the over 65 segment experienced different
levels of usability and reported different capabilities and problems.
Improved uniformity of Ni/Au coating on circuits by electroless plating
Authors: Liu Dongguang , Tian Heng , Lin Lijing , Shi Wenchao
Published: November 2018

Cyanide-free electroless plating was used to deposit nickel/gold coating on the patterned circuits with fine-pitch. The relationship among the controlled process parameters, the skip plating, over-plating and pit forming were investigated. Results show that due to the uniform discharge sputtering, the copper layer is failed to be deposited around BVHs and lines of Al2O3 samples. The skip plating is mainly caused by the self-oxide and the leakage sputtering with copper. Excess Pd activation may result in over-plating during plating nickel. With enhancing the uniformity of the substrate materials and raising the annealing temperature, the number of pits decreases significantly. The thickness of the Au coating can reach up to 2 µm with the smooth coating surface and without the spillover. The electroless plating Au progress can be used to fine-pitch selective area plating.
The symptoms of Ménière’s disorder as described by Bonaventura Angeli in De Vertigine et Scotomia (1565)
Authors: Martini Stefano , Martini Alessandro , Garosi Elisa , Mion Marta , Stephens Dafydd
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To analyse the booklet De Vertigine et Scotomia written in 1565 by a jurist Angeli Bonavantura.

Method:

We have studied and examined the various sections of the document of the XVI century.

Result:

The accurate description of the symptoms complained by Angeli Bonaventura suggests that the author was probably affected by Ménière disease.

Conclusions:

The analysed booklet represents the first historical description of dizziness associated with tinnitus and hearing loss.
Arabic version of situational characteristic questionnaire for diagnosis of visual vertigo syndrome
Authors: Talaat Hossam Sanyelbhaa , Moaty Asmaa Salah , Koura Yasmin Abd El Aziz
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

To develop and validate an Arabic version of the situational characteristic questionnaire (SCQ), which is the gold standard and easy method in diagnosing visual vertigo syndrome (VV).

Methods:

The adapted SCQ was translated according to the cross-cultural adaptation guidelines that included: original author permission, forward and backward translation, Expert committee review, pretesting and final version of the Arabic SCQ. The questionnaire was completed by 100 normal controls (control group) and 100 patients with VV symptoms (VV group). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were examined. Reliability included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. Validity was examined by evaluating the content and construct validity. Receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the possible cut-off values.

Results:

Indicated good reliability of the Arabic SCQ (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.84 for control group, and = 0.79 for VV group). Test–retest correlation was done on a subgroup of 46 control subjects and 50 VV patients after 1 week. Repeatability of the questionnaire was high for the total Arabic SCQ score using Spearman’s correlation (r = 0.99 and 0.97 for the control and VV groups, respectively). For construct validity, Spearman’s correlation analysis showed significant positive correlations between the Arabic SCQ total score and the modified Arabic visual vestibular mismatch score (r = 0.64, p < .001*). The Arabic SCQ total scores of VV patients were significantly different from normal controls (p < .001* using the Mann-Whitney test).

Conclusion:

The Arabic version of the SCQ is a valid and reliable tool for diagnosing VV and for the assessment of severity of symptoms in the Egyptian and Arabic populations. The most sensitive cut-off point of the Arabic SCQ for diagnosing VV was (1.15).
Carving a dialogical epistemology for investigating altruism: A reply to Mitchell and Eiroa–Orosa
Authors: Intezar Hannah , Sullivan Paul
Published: November 2018

This is a reply to Sue Mitchell and Francisco J. Eiroa-Orosa's ‘Love your enemy.’ The latter seeks to explore the self-transcending potential of altruistic behaviour through a dialogical paradigm. It not only initiates fresh discussion on the subject of altruism, but also advances new discussion on Bakhtinian aesthetics. For the continuation of this forward momentum, we suggest a more nuanced approach to the placement of the ‘researcher’ within the applied methodological matrix. Similarly, we also advocate for the synthesising of research tools, often appropriated by theological studies, into said methodological matrix.
Pancreatic tumor cell metastasis is restricted by MT1-MMP binding protein MTCBP-1
Authors: Qiang Li , Cao Hong , Chen Jing , Weller Shaun G. , Krueger Eugene W. , Zhang Lizhi , Razidlo Gina L. , McNiven Mark A.
Published: November 2018

The process by which tumor cells mechanically invade through surrounding stroma into peripheral tissues is an essential component of metastatic dissemination. The directed recruitment of the metalloproteinase MT1-MMP to invadopodia plays a critical role in this invasive process. Here, we provide mechanistic insight into MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail binding protein 1 (MTCBP-1) with respect to invadopodia formation, matrix remodeling, and invasion by pancreatic tumor cells. MTCBP-1 localizes to invadopodia and interacts with MT1-MMP. We find that this interaction displaces MT1-MMP from invadopodia, thereby attenuating their number and function and reducing the capacity of tumor cells to degrade matrix. Further, we observe an inverse correlation between MTCBP-1 and MT1-MMP expression both in cultured cell lines and human pancreatic tumors. Consistently, MTCBP-1–expressing cells show decreased ability to invade in vitro and metastasize in vivo. These findings implicate MTCBP-1 as an inhibitor of the metastatic process.
Ezh2 inhibition in Kras-driven lung cancer amplifies inflammation and associated vulnerabilities
Authors: Serresi Michela , Siteur Bjorn , Hulsman Danielle , Company Carlos , Schmitt Matthias J. , Lieftink Cor , Morris Ben , Cesaroni Matteo , Proost Natalie , Beijersbergen Roderick L. , van Lohuizen Maarten , Gargiulo Gaetano
Published: November 2018

Kras-driven non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are a leading cause of death with limited therapeutic options. Many NSCLCs exhibit high levels of Ezh2, the enzymatic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). We tested Ezh2 inhibitors as single agents or before chemotherapy in mice with orthotopic Kras-driven NSCLC grafts, which homogeneously express Ezh2. These tumors display sensitivity to EZH2 inhibition by GSK126 but also amplify an inflammatory program involving signaling through NF-κB and genes residing in PRC2-regulated chromatin. During this process, tumor cells overcome GSK126 antiproliferative effects. We identified oncogenes that may mediate progression through an in vivo RNAi screen aimed at targets of PRC2/NF-κB. An in vitro compound screening linked GSK126-driven inflammation and therapeutic vulnerability in human cells to regulation of RNA synthesis and proteostasis. Interestingly, GSK126-treated NSCLCs in vivo also showed an enhanced response to a combination of nimesulide and bortezomib. Thus, Ezh2 inhibition may restrict cell proliferation and promote defined adaptive responses. Targeting these responses potentially improves outcomes in Kras-driven NSCLCs.
Listening versus Lingwashing: Promise, Peril, and Structural Oblivion When White South Africans Learn Indigenous African Languages
Authors: McIntosh Janet
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the liberal South African whites in Cape Town who mediate their crisis of national belonging through newfound enthusiasm for indigenous Southern African languages. After contextualizing white aspirations to linguistic belonging, some semiotic shifts in how whites have represented isiXhosa, and various white metapragmatic judgments, I discuss promising experiences of white isiXhosa speakers, then argue that language learning invites a reckoning in which whites grapple with questions of interracial dynamics in the new South Africa and their own “structural oblivion”—that is, their failure, as elites, to understand precisely the reasons for which they are resented. Some critics charge that white self-congratulation can amount to what I call “lingwashing”: using language learning as a moral cover for enduring inequities. I suggest a potential remedy is to conceptualize language learning as a process not of self-comforting but of self-discomfiting, requiring both listening and humility.
Gender, Class, Race, and Region in “Bilingual” Bolivia
Authors: Swinehart Karl
Published: November 2018

This article examines how gender becomes tied together with emblems of racial, linguistic, and class difference in highland Bolivia. I examine both ethnographic and mediatized moments in which bilingualism and its traces contribute to the contours of racialized humiliation or, alternately, antiracist ethnic affirmation. In some moments la bilingüe becomes a metonym that stands in for racial and gender alterity, including when la bilingüe denotes a racialized, gendered, wage-labor category—the domestic servant working in the home of wealthy whites. The figure of the Indian Maid is a figure of historical and literary tropes but also of contemporary political mobilization against labor abuses, racial humiliation, and sexual violence. The figure of the chola is both a remnant of categories of personhood that organized racial and gender hierarchies during the colonial period, namely, the sistema de castas, and a contemporary social and demographic category that fuses language, ethnicity, and gender. Anti-Indian caricatures in televised comedy and other popular discourse connect features of bilingual speech to presuppositions about the Indian body. Chola-centric beauty contests replicate the form of public celebrations of white femininity, like Miss Universe pageants, but operate with other criteria, including eloquence in indigenous Andean languages.
A rapid computational approach identifies SPICE1 as an Aurora kinase substrate
Authors: Deretic Jovana , Kerr Alastair , Welburn Julie P. I.
Published: November 2018

Aurora kinases play a major role in mitosis by regulating diverse substrates. Defining their critical downstream targets is important in understanding Aurora kinase function. Here we have developed an unbiased computational approach to identify new Aurora kinase substrates based on phosphorylation site clustering, protein localization, protein structure, and species conservation. We validate the microtubule-associated proteins Clasp2, Elys, tubulin tyrosine ligase-like polyglutamylase residues 330–624 and spindle and centriole associated protein 1, residues 549–855 (SPICE1), as Aurora A and B kinases substrates in vitro. We also demonstrate that SPICE1 localization is regulated by Aurora kinases during mitosis. In the absence of Aurora kinase activity, SPICE1 remains at centrioles but does not target to the spindle. Similarly, a nonphosphorylatable SPICE1 mutant no longer localizes to the spindle. Finally, we show that misregulating SPICE1 phosphorylation results in abnormal centriole number, spindle multipolarity, and chromosome alignment defects. Overall, our work indicates that temporal and spatial Aurora kinase–mediated regulation of SPICE1 is important for correct chromosome segregation. In addition, our work provides a database-search tool that enables rapid identification of Aurora kinase substrates.
Fatty-acid binding protein 5 modulates the SAR1 GTPase cycle and enhances budding of large COPII cargoes
Authors: Melville David , Gorur Amita , Schekman Randy
Published: November 2018

COPII-coated vesicles are the primary mediators of ER-to-Golgi trafficking. Sar1, one of the five core COPII components, is a highly conserved small GTPase, which, upon GTP binding, recruits the other COPII proteins to the ER membrane. It has been hypothesized that the changes in the kinetics of SAR1 GTPase may allow for the secretion of large cargoes. Here we developed a cell-free assay to recapitulate COPII-dependent budding of large lipoprotein cargoes from the ER. We identified fatty-acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) as an enhancer of this budding process. We found that FABP5 promotes the budding of particles ∼150 nm in diameter and modulates the kinetics of the SAR1 GTPase cycle. We further found that FABP5 enhances the trafficking of lipoproteins and of other cargoes, including collagen. These data identify a novel regulator of SAR1 GTPase activity and highlight the importance of this activity for trafficking of large cargoes.
Melville Incomplete
Authors: Ohge Christopher
Published: November 2018

The final volume of Melville’s unfinished writings by the Northwestern-Newberry edition is a monumental achievement. Monumental but also vexed, and vexing. Melville’s unfinished poetry and especially his unfinished novella Billy Budd challenge traditional editorial theories of eclectic editing that have guided the NN editions for decades. The final volume remains beholden to a theory of critical editing that is less suited to the purpose of editing unfinished manuscripts than of works that exist solely in print versions. This dilemma makes the volume a fascinating instance of the choices editors must make in the era of digital editions. The edition, while mainly improving upon previous editions of Billy Budd and making available reliable texts of unpublished poems, also takes some perplexing liberties with Melville’s unfinished manuscripts. Aloof to new and enormously useful electronic resources, the edition’s diplomatic transcriptions also represent a huge amount of duplicated effort, and a lost opportunity for collaboration with existing digital projects. This edition is a valuable resource, but the debatable emendations of unfinished manuscripts, coupled with the dismissal of the currently available digital resources for manuscript study, shows that the reading texts should be consulted with some skepticism and with recourse to the surviving manuscripts.
Outcomes of nutritional jejunostomy in the curative treatment of esophageal cancer
Authors: Klevebro F , Johar A , Lagergren J , Lagergren P
Published: November 2018

Substantial weight loss and eating problems are common before and after esophagectomy for cancer. The use of jejunostomy might prevent postoperative weight loss, but studies evaluating other outcomes are scarce. This study aims to assess the influence of jejunostomy on postoperative health-related quality of life (HRQOL), complications, reoperation, hospital stay, and survival. This prospective and population-based cohort study included all patients operated on for esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer in Sweden in 2001–2005 with follow-up until 31st December 2016. Data regarding patient and tumor characteristics and treatment were prospectively collected. Multivariable logistic regression provided odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), whereas Cox regression provided hazard ratios with 95% CI. All risk estimates were adjusted for age, sex, tumor histology, stage, comorbidity, surgical approach, neoadjuvant therapy, and body mass index and weight loss at baseline. Among 397 patients, 181 (46%) received a jejunostomy during surgery. The use of jejunostomy did not influence the HRQOL at 6 months or 3 years after treatment. Jejunostomy users had no statistically significantly increased risk of postoperative complications (OR 1.27; 95% CI 0.86–1.87) or reoperation (OR 1.70; 95% CI 0.88–3.28). Intensive unit care and length of hospital stay was the same independent of the use of jejunostomy. The all-cause mortality was not increased in the jejunostomy group (HR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.74–1.07). This study indicates that jejunostomy does not influence postoperative HRQOL, complications, or survival after esophageal cancer surgery, it can be considered a safe method for early enteral nutrition after esophageal cancer surgery but benefits for the patients need further investigations.
Contextual Effects on Populist Radical Right Support: Consensual Neighbourhood Effects and the Dutch PVV
Authors: van Wijk Daniël , Bolt Gideon , Johnston Ron
Published: November 2018

This study examines contextual effects on support for the Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV), a Dutch populist radical right-wing party. It examines the two most frequently researched contextual effects, that of the local ethnic composition and of local economic conditions. Furthermore, it investigates the effect of the local normative context, through which people are hypothesised to be influenced by their neighbours' political views. Analysing survey data from The Netherlands Longitudinal Lifecourse Study using multilevel logistic regression, no effects are found for the local ethnic composition and local economic conditions after controlling for individual characteristics. In addition, PVV support is much lower in districts with higher shares of highly educated residents, which is in line with theories on consensual neighbourhood effects. This effect is found to be non-linear and only turns negative when around 25 per cent of the population of a district is highly educated. Additional analyses show that contact with neighbours, which is often assumed to explain this effect, is not a prerequisite for the effect to occur.
Mechanisms and diagnostic evaluation of persistent or recurrent angina following percutaneous coronary revascularization
Authors: Crea Filippo , Bairey Merz Cathleen Noel , Beltrame John F , Berry Colin , Camici Paolo G , Kaski Juan Carlos , Ong Peter , Pepine Carl J , Sechtem Udo , Shimokawa Hiroaki
Published: November 2018

Persistence or recurrence of angina after a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may affect about 20–40% of patients during short–medium-term follow-up. This appears to be true even when PCI is ‘optimized’ using physiology-guided approaches and drug-eluting stents. Importantly, persistent or recurrent angina post-PCI is associated with a significant economic burden. Healthcare costs may be almost two-fold higher among patients with persistent or recurrent angina post-PCI vs. those who become symptom-free. However, practice guideline recommendations regarding the management of patients with angina post-PCI are unclear. Gaps in evidence into the mechanisms of post-PCI angina are relevant, and more research seems warranted. The purpose of this document is to review potential mechanisms for the persistence or recurrence of angina post-PCI, propose a practical diagnostic algorithm, and summarize current knowledge gaps.
Beyond “not undermining”: possibilities for global cooperation to improve environmental protection in areas beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Friedman Andrew
Published: November 2018

States have committed to “not undermine” relevant existing legal instruments, bodies, and frameworks in their negotiations over a new, legally binding instrument concerning biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). An agreed interpretation of “not undermine” will most likely be expressed through the institutional model adopted by this new instrument. Potential models should be evaluated in light of limitations on existing regional and sectoral ocean governance organizations, which may suggest governance gaps that the new instrument may fill. This article revisits the textual analysis of “not undermine” undertaken by Scanlon (2018) to explore its implications for the institutional models available to the new instrument. It reviews the practice of regional fishery management organizations as presented by Scanlon to identify areas where the new instrument might address persistent challenges. Finally, it suggests several potential models for the new instrument that might avoid “undermining” whereas improving governance outcomes in ABNJ. It concludes that a global institution with consultative links to existing organizations may provide the most logical means of implementation.
Multisite and multishift personnel planning with set-up costs
Authors: Nearchou A C , Giannikos I C , Lagodimos A G
Published: November 2018

Consideration is given to a personnel planning problem occurring in multisite projects. In this problem a set of facilities (different sites) need to complete a given work load over a planning horizon of several days. The workforce is skilled and can work on any facility and it is employed to work on a basis of workday shifts. A fixed set-up cost associated with each facility is incurred each time a facility starts operating. The problem seeks to determine when each facility should be operated as well as the manpower needed at each shift to complete the workload targets of all the facilities within the planning horizon at a minimum cost. First, a formulation of the new problem as a mixed-integer linear programme is given. Then, since the problem is shown to be NP-hard, a novel genetic algorithm (GA) is presented for its solution which incorporates a problem-specific coding together with new special merging rules for creating offspring that exploits the structure of the problem. Using results from the standard CPLEX optimizer we test the performance of the GA for a variety of operating environments. The results demonstrate very satisfactory performance for the GA in terms of both solution time and quality.
Keyhole, Trans-Sylvian, Trans-Sulcal Resection of an Insular Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Norat Pedro , Yagmurlu Kaan , Park Min S , Kalani M Yashar S
Published: November 2018

Microsurgical resection of deep-seated cerebral cavernous malformations may result in a high rate of temporary and a lower, but nonetheless significant, rate of permanent disability. Use of trans-sulcal corridors may allow the surgeon to gain access to select deep-seated lesions without injury. Informed consent was obtained from this patient for a minimally invasive trans-sulcal approach to the malformation. This video illustrates the use of a trans-Sylvian, trans-sulcal approach to resect a deep insular/basal ganglia cavernous malformation in a young patient. The use of the neuronavigation is essential for success in these types of operation as this tool limits the surgeon's footprint in eloquent brain. Unlike superficial lesions where the removal of hemosiderin stained brain is possible and often safe, resection of deep-seated lesions requires the surgeon to distinguish between hemosiderin-stained brain and residual cavernous malformation. This task is not simple, and residual cavernous malformation is the most common reason for re-bleed in patients who have undergone surgery. Resection of symptomatic cavernous malformations in deep locations can be performed safely, but outcomes are heavily influenced by proper patient selection and surgeon experience. In patients with multiple cerebral cavernous malformations, such as the one in this case, genetic testing should be performed.
The Supra/Infra Transtentorial Transfalcine Approach for the Removal of a Falcotentorial Meningioma: 2-Dimensional Video
Authors: Mendez-Rosito Diego
Published: November 2018

Falcotentorial meningiomas originate in the junction of the falx cerebri and the tentorium. Due to its anatomic vicinity, these tumors have a close relationship with important neurovascular structures surrounding the pineal region including the deep venous system. Surgical approaches would normally consider posterior midline corridors, but decision between supra or infratentorial access should be considered by the size, anatomic displacement of structures, and the infiltration of the dural attachment.

This surgical video
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demonstrates the surgical technique and pearls to achieve a stepwise resection of a complex falcotentorial meningioma. We present a case of a 42-yr-old female patient, neurologically intact at presentation. A semi-sitting position was used. Appropriate management of cerebrospinal fluid was obtained with an external ventricular drainage which is kept closed until the dura is opened. A suprainfratentorial craniotomy was done with adequate exposure of the superior sagittal sinus and torcula. The supracerebellar infratentorial corridor was used for inferior internal debulking and arachnoidal dissection of the tumor while the exposure obtained in the posterior interhemispheric allowed a corridor which exposed widely the tumor with transtentorial transfalcine extension. Adequate management of adjacent structures was done while preserving the straight sinus and vein of Galen. A gross total removal of the tumor was achieved and the patient was discharged without complications.

After this surgical video, the viewer will have learned the steps to safely achieve a surgical removal of a falcotentorial meningioma taking care of its relationship with the venous and neural adjacent structures.