bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annexin A4 and A6 induce membrane curvature and constriction during cell membrane repair
Authors: Boye Theresa Louise , Maeda Kenji , Pezeshkian Weria , Sønder Stine Lauritzen , Haeger Swantje Christin , Gerke Volker , Simonsen Adam Cohen , Nylandsted Jesper
Published: November 2017

Efficient cell membrane repair mechanisms are essential for maintaining membrane integrity and thus for cell life. Here we show that the Ca2+- and phospholipid-binding proteins annexin A4 and A6 are involved in plasma membrane repair and needed for rapid closure of micron-size holes. We demonstrate that annexin A4 binds to artificial membranes and generates curvature force initiated from free edges, whereas annexin A6 induces constriction force. In cells, plasma membrane injury and Ca2+ influx recruit annexin A4 to the vicinity of membrane wound edges where its homo-trimerization leads to membrane curvature near the edges. We propose that curvature force is utilized together with annexin A6-mediated constriction force to pull the wound edges together for eventual fusion. We show that annexin A4 can counteract various plasma membrane disruptions including holes of several micrometers indicating that induction of curvature force around wound edges is an early key event in cell membrane repair.
Selective excitation of spin-polarized alkali atoms in different ground-state hyperfine levels
Authors: Ding Zhichao , Yuan Jie , Fu Yangying , Luo Hui , Long Xingwu
Published: November 2017

A technique to selectively excite spin-polarized alkali atoms in one of the two ground-state hyperfine levels is demonstrated, which can separately create the transverse spin component of spin-polarized alkali atoms in either ground-state hyperfine level. The principle of this technique is analyzed, and the experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions, thereby demonstrating the feasibility of this technique. This technique can be used to accurately measure spin relaxation and polarization of alkali atoms in either ground-state hyperfine level. An example of its applications to measure the transverse relaxation time is presented.
Characterization and Separation Performance of a Novel Polyethersulfone Membrane Blended with Acacia Gum
Authors: Manawi Yehia , Kochkodan Viktor , Mahmoudi Ebrahim , Johnson Daniel J. , Mohammad Abdul Wahab , Atieh Muataz Ali
Published: November 2017

Novel polyethersulfone (PES) membranes blended with 0.1–3.0 wt. % of Acacia gum (AG) as a pore-former and antifouling agent were fabricated using phase inversion technique. The effect of AG on the pore-size, porosity, surface morphology, surface charge, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of PES/AG membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, contact angle and zeta potential measurements. The antifouling -properties of PES/AG membranes were evaluated using Escherichia coli bacteria and bovine serum albumine (BSA). The use of AG as an additive to PES membranes was found to increase the surface charge, hydrophilicity (by 20%), porosity (by 77%) and permeate flux (by about 130%). Moreover, PES/AG membranes demonstrated higher antifouling and tensile stress (by 31%) when compared to pure PES membranes. It was shown that the prepared PES/AG membranes efficiently removed lead ions from aqueous solutions. Both the sieving mechanism of the membrane and chelation of lead with AG macromolecules incorporated in the membrane matrix contributed to lead removal. The obtained results indicated that AG can be used as a novel pore-former, hydrophilizing and antifouling agent, as well as an enhancer to the mechanical and rejection properties of the PES membranes.
Azole sensitivity in Leptosphaeria pathogens of oilseed rape: the role of lanosterol 14α-demethylase
Authors: Sewell Thomas R. , Hawkins Nichola J. , Stotz Henrik U. , Huang YongJu , Kelly Steven L. , Kelly Diane E. , Fraaije Bart , Fitt Bruce D. L.
Published: November 2017

Lanosterol 14-α demethylase is a key enzyme intermediating the biosynthesis of ergosterol in fungi, and the target of azole fungicides. Studies have suggested thatLeptosphaeria maculansandL. biglobosa, the causal agents of phoma stem canker on oilseed rape, differ in their sensitivity to some azoles, which could be driving pathogen frequency change in crops. Here we used CYP51 protein modelling and heterologous expression to determine whether there are interspecific differences at the target-site level. Moreover, we provide an example of intrinsic sensitivity differences exhibited by bothLeptosphaeriaspp.in vitroandin planta. Comparison of homologous protein models identified highly conserved residues, particularly at the azole binding site, and heterologous expression of LmCYP51B and LbCYP51B, with fungicide sensitivity testing of the transformants, suggests that both proteins are similarly sensitive to azole fungicides flusilazole, prothioconazole-desthio and tebuconazole. Fungicide sensitivity testing on isolates shows that they sometimes have a minor difference in sensitivityin vitroandin planta. These results suggest that azole fungicides remain a useful component of integrated phoma stem canker control in the UK due to their effectiveness on bothLeptosphaeriaspp. Other factors, such as varietal resistance or climate, may be driving observed frequency changes between species.
Using a Single VCSEL Source Employing OFDM Downstream Signal and Remodulated OOK Upstream Signal for Bi-directional Visible Light Communications
Authors: Yeh Chien-Hung , Wei Liang-Yu , Chow Chi-Wai
Published: November 2017

In this work, we propose and demonstrate for the first time up to our knowledge, using a 682 nm visible vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) applied in a bi-directional wavelength remodulated VLC system with a free space transmission distance of 3 m. To achieve a high VLC downstream traffic, spectral efficient orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing quadrature-amplitude-modulation (OFDM-QAM) with bit and power loading algorithms are applied on the VCSEL in the central office (CO). The OFDM downstream wavelength is remodulated by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) with OOK modulation to produce the upstream traffic in the client side. Hence, only a single VCSEL laser is needed for the proposed bi-directional VLC system, achieving 10.6 Gbit/s OFDM downstream and 2 Mbit/s remodulated OOK upstream simultaneously. For the proposed system, as a single laser source with wavelength remodulation is used, the laser wavelength and temperature managements at the client side are not needed; and the whole system could be cost effective and energy efficient.
Calcium binding and voltage gating in Cx46 hemichannels
Authors: Pinto Bernardo I. , Pupo Amaury , García Isaac E. , Mena-Ulecia Karel , Martínez Agustín D. , Latorre Ramón , Gonzalez Carlos
Published: November 2017

The opening of connexin (Cx) hemichannels in the membrane is tightly regulated by calcium (Ca2+) and membrane voltage. Electrophysiological and atomic force microscopy experiments indicate that Ca2+ stabilizes the hemichannel closed state. However, structural data show that Ca2+ binding induces an electrostatic seal preventing ion transport without significant structural rearrangements. In agreement with the closed-state stabilization hypothesis, we found that the apparent Ca2+ sensitivity is increased as the voltage is made more negative. Moreover, the voltage and Ca2+ dependence of the channel kinetics indicate that the voltage sensor movement and Ca2+ binding are allosterically coupled. An allosteric kinetic model in which the Ca2+ decreases the energy necessary to deactivate the voltage sensor reproduces the effects of Ca2+ and voltage in Cx46 hemichannels. In agreement with the model and suggesting a conformational change that narrows the pore, Ca2+ inhibits the water flux through Cx hemichannels. We conclude that Ca2+ and voltage act allosterically to stabilize the closed conformation of Cx46 hemichannels.
Field sampling marine plankton for biodiscovery
Authors: Ingebrigtsen Richard Andre , Hansen Espen , Andersen Jeanette Hammer , Eilertsen Hans Christian
Published: November 2017

Microalgae and plankton can be a rich source of bioactivity. However, induction of secondary metabolite production in lab conditions can be difficult. One simple way of bypassing this issue is to collect biomass in the field and screen for bioactivity. Therefore, bulk net samples from three areas along the coast of northern Norway and Spitsbergen were collected, extracted and fractionated. Biomass samples from a strain of a mass-cultivated diatom Porosira glacialis were used as a reference for comparison to field samples. Screening for bioactivity was performed with 13 assays within four therapeutic areas: antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetes and antioxidation. We analysed the metabolic profiles of the samples using high resolution - mass spectroscopy (HR-MS). Principal component analysis showed a marked difference in metabolite profiles between the field samples and the photobioreactor culture; furthermore, the number of active fractions and extent of bioactivity was different in the field compared to the photobioreactor samples. We found varying levels of bioactivity in all samples, indicating that complex marine field samples could be used to investigate bioactivities from otherwise inaccessible sources. Furthermore, we hypothesize that metabolic pathways that would otherwise been silent under controlled growth in monocultures, might have been activated in the field samples.
High-injection effects in near-field thermophotovoltaic devices
Authors: Blandre Etienne , Chapuis Pierre-Olivier , Vaillon Rodolphe
Published: November 2017

In near-field thermophotovoltaics, a substantial enhancement of the electrical power output is expected as a result of the larger photogeneration of electron-hole pairs due to the tunneling of evanescent modes from the thermal radiator to the photovoltaic cell. The common low-injection approximation, which considers that the local carrier density due to photogeneration is moderate in comparison to that due to doping, needs therefore to be assessed. By solving the full drift-diffusion equations, the existence of high-injection effects is studied in the case of a GaSb p-on-n junction cell and a radiator supporting surface polaritons. Depending on doping densities and surface recombination velocity, results reveal that high-injection phenomena can already take place in the far field and become very significant in the near field. Impacts of high injection on maximum electrical power, short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, recombination rates, and variations of the difference between quasi-Fermi levels are analyzed in detail. By showing that an optimum acceptor doping density can be estimated, this work suggests that a detailed and accurate modeling of the electrical transport is also key for the design of near-field thermophotovoltaic devices.
Use-dependent potentiation of voltage-gated calcium channels rescues neurotransmission in nerve terminals intoxicated by botulinum neurotoxin serotype A
Authors: Beske Phillip H. , Hoffman Katie M. , Machamer James B. , Eisen Margaret R. , McNutt Patrick M.
Published: November 2017

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are highly potent toxins that cleave neuronal SNARE proteins required for neurotransmission, causing flaccid paralysis and death by asphyxiation. Currently, there are no clinical treatments to delay or reverse BoNT-induced blockade of neuromuscular transmission. While aminopyridines have demonstrated varying efficacy in transiently reducing paralysis following BoNT poisoning, the precise mechanisms by which aminopyridines symptomatically treat botulism are not understood. Here we found that activity-dependent potentiation of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) underlies 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP)-mediated rescue of neurotransmission in central nervous system synapses and mouse diaphragm neuromuscular junctions fully intoxicated by BoNT serotype A. Combinatorial treatments with 3,4-DAP and VGCC agonists proved synergistic in restoring suprathreshold endplate potentials in mouse diaphragms fully intoxicated by BoNT/A. In contrast, synapses fully intoxicated by BoNT serotypes D or E were refractory to synaptic rescue by any treatment. We interpret these data to propose that increasing the duration or extent of VGCC activation prolongs the opportunity for low-efficiency fusion by fusogenic complexes incorporating BoNT/A-cleaved SNAP-25. The identification of VGCC agonists that rescue neurotransmission in BoNT/A-intoxicated synapses provides compelling evidence for potential therapeutic utility in some cases of human botulism.
Relaxation oscillation of borosilicate glasses in supercooled liquid region
Authors: Liu W. D. , Zhang L. C. , Mylvaganam K.
Published: November 2017

Most supercooled non-polymeric glass-forming melts exhibit a shear thinning phenomenon, i.e., viscosity decreases with increasing the strain rate. On compressing borosilicate glasses at high temperature, however, we discovered an interesting oscillatory viscous flow and identified it as a typical relaxation oscillation caused by the peculiar structure of borosilicate glass. Specifically, the micro-structure of borosilicate glass can be divided into borate network and silicate network. Under loading, deformation is mainly localized in the borate network via a transformation from the three coordinated planar boron to trigonal boron that could serve as a precursor for the subsequent formation of a BO4 tetrahedron, while the surrounding silicate network is acting as a stabilization/relaxation agent. The formation of stress oscillation was further described and explained by a new physics-based constitutive model.
Synchronization enhancement of indirectly coupled oscillators via periodic modulation in an optomechanical system
Authors: Du Lei , Fan Chu-Hui , Zhang Han-Xiao , Wu Jin-Hui
Published: November 2017

We study the synchronization behaviors of two indirectly coupled mechanical oscillators of different frequencies in a doublecavity optomechanical system. It is found that quantum synchronization is roughly vanishing though classical synchronization seems rather good when each cavity mode is driven by an external field in the absence of temporal modulations. By periodically modulating cavity detunings or driving amplitudes, however, it is possible to observe greatly enhanced quantum synchronization accompanied with nearly perfect classical synchronization. The level of quantum synchronization observed here is, in particular, much higher than that for two directly coupled mechanical oscillators. Note also that the modulation on cavity detunings is more appealing than that on driving amplitudes when the robustness of quantum synchronization is examined against the bath’s mean temperature or the oscillators’ frequency difference.
Recombinant Decorin Fusion Protein Attenuates Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation and Rupture
Authors: Shen Yue , Russo Valerio , Zeglinski Matthew R. , Sellers Stephanie L. , Wu Zhengguo , Oram Cameron , Santacruz Stephanie , Merkulova Yulia , Turner Christopher , Tauh Keerit , Zhao Hongyan , Bozin Tatjana , Bohunek Lubos , Zeng Haishan , Seidman Michael A. , Bleackley R. Chris , McManus Bruce M. , Ruoslahti Erkki , Järvinen Tero A. H. , Granville David J.
Published: November 2017

Decorin (DCN) is a small-leucine rich proteoglycan that mediates collagen fibrillogenesis, organization, and tensile strength. Adventitial DCN is reduced in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) resulting in vessel wall instability thereby predisposing the vessel to rupture. Recombinant DCN fusion protein CAR-DCN was engineered with an extended C-terminus comprised of CAR homing peptide that recognizes inflamed blood vessels and penetrates deep into the vessel wall. In the present study, the role of systemically-administered CAR-DCN in AAA progression and rupture was assessed in a murine model. Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mice were infused with angiotensin II (AngII) for 28 days to induce AAA formation. CAR-DCN or vehicle was administrated systemically until day 15. Mortality due to AAA rupture was significantly reduced in CAR-DCN-treated mice compared to controls. Although the prevalence of AAA was similar between vehicle and CAR-DCN groups, the severity of AAA in the CAR-DCN group was significantly reduced. Histological analysis revealed that CAR-DCN treatment significantly increased DCN and collagen levels within the aortic wall as compared to vehicle controls. Taken together, these results suggest that CAR-DCN treatment attenuates the formation and rupture of Ang II-induced AAA in mice by reinforcing the aortic wall.
Mechanisms underlying the antiproliferative effects of a series of quinoxaline-derived chalcones
Authors: Mielcke Tânia R. , Muradás Thaís C. , Filippi-Chiela Eduardo C. , Amaral Maria Eduarda A. , Kist Luiza W. , Bogo Maurício R. , Mascarello Alessandra , Neuenfeldt Patrícia D. , Nunes Ricardo J. , Campos Maria M.
Published: November 2017

The present study aimed to characterize the effects of quinoxaline-derived chalcones, designed on the basis of the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor AS605240, in oral cancer cells. Three lead compounds, namely N9, N17 and N23, were selected from a series of 20 quinoxaline-derived chalcones, based on an initial screening using human and rat squamous cell carcinoma lineages, representing compounds with at least one methoxy radical at the A-ring. The selected chalcones, mainly N9 and N17, displayed marked antiproliferative effects, via apoptosis and autophagy induction, with an increase of sub-G1 population and Akt inhibition. The three chalcones displayed markedin vitroantitumor effects in different protocols with standard chemotherapy drugs, with acceptable toxicity on normal cells. There was no growth retrieval, after exposure to chalcone N9 alone, in a long-term assay to determine the cumulative population doubling (CPD) of human oral cancer cells. A PCR array evaluating 168 genes related to cancer and inflammation, demonstrated striking actions for N9, which altered the expression of 74 genes. Altogether, our results point out quinoxalinic chalcones, mainly N9, as potential strategies for oral cancer treatment.
Impact and Evolution of Biophysics in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Eggen M. , Schindler J.
Published: November 2017

The complexity of targets in disease biology coupled with increased diversity within the chemical matter and chemical technologies leveraged by the chemist has driven the expansion of biophysical screen approaches for lead matter. Ligand identification begins by leveraging data from techniques such as AS-MS, TDF, SPR and ligand- and protein-detected NMR to identify and validate screening hits. The mechanism of action (MOA) is assessed through enzymology coupled with biophysical and structural biology techniques. While finalizing selections, teams seek to understand the fundamental nature of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the interactions through ITC and SPR. Molecular design iterations couple computational tools built upon structural data, and in turn biophysical methods are leveraged in selecting the best opportunities for x-ray crystallography and dynamic protein solutions through protein NMR. Further, biophysics has been embraced across the drug discovery and development process and into the clinic, where technologies once used to identify screening actives, understand the structure of compounds and proteins, design molecules and deliver protein structure information are now being leveraged to understand their cellular context and mutational status within the tissues of patients. Non-invasive imaging technologies continue the interplay of drug design, target potency, and in vivo kinetics. This chapter will provide a background from the first biophysical approach, through evolving drug discovery strategies, the expansion of chemical diversity and modalities, and increasing target complexity that have driven the integration of biophysics and medicinal chemistry. Examples will demonstrate the power of utilizing orthogonal or combined methods.
Mass Spectrometry in Biophysics: from High Throughput Screening to Structural Biology
Authors: Gheyi T. , Molina-Martin M.
Published: November 2017

Mass spectrometry (MS) is playing an increasingly crucial role within the biophysical community in the study of protein architecture, dynamics and interactions. The impressive technological and methodological advances in recent years have widened the applicability of mass spectrometry from straightforward high throughput screening (HTS) to studying increasingly complex problems focused around biopolymers of interest. This chapter covers current state of the art of MS techniques in biophysical research for academic and industrial researchers working in the biophysical arena. Within MS-based applications in biophysics, the study of protein structure and dynamics by MS complements other biophysical tools and opens the possibility to study proteins under near-physiological conditions and resolve higher order structure assemblies. The study of ligand–protein and protein–protein interactions (PPIs) has a central role in current screening approaches and it will be covered in some detail.
Fluorescent Thermal Shift Assays for Identifying Small Molecule Ligands
Authors: Scott Andrew D.
Published: November 2017

Fluorescent thermal shift assay (FTSA; also known as ThermoFluor, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), thermal shift assay (TSA) and temperature-dependent fluorescence (TdF)) is a high-throughput, simple and inexpensive screening method to identify low-molecular weight ligands that bind to and stabilise purified protein. The temperature at which a protein unfolds is measured by an increase in the fluorescence of a specific dye that has affinity for the hydrophobic parts of the protein, which are exposed as the protein unfolds. A simple data fitting procedure allows a quick calculation of the difference in the temperature of the transition midpoint in the presence and absence of ligand, which is related to the binding affinity of the small molecule. Assays can be performed using state-of-the-art, real-time, quantitative PCR (qPCR) instruments, meaning hundreds of results can be obtained in a few hours. FTSA is now regularly being used as both a primary and secondary screening method in the drug discovery process. This chapter contains a detailed discussion on the optimal experimental set-up, data analysis, strengths and limitations of the assay and its use in drug discovery. Examples of successful applications of FTSA are highlighted as well as a summary of the new ‘in-cell’ TSA type methods, Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), Fast parallel proteolysis (FastPP) and thermal proteome profiling (TPP).
Phase separation in organic aerosol
Authors: Freedman Miriam Arak
Published: November 2017

Liquid–liquid phase separation is prevalent in aerosol particles composed of organic compounds and salts and may impact aerosol climate effects.
DNA-crowded enzyme complexes with enhanced activities and stabilities
Authors: Collins John , Zhang Ting , Oh Sung Won , Maloney Robert , Fu Jinglin
Published: November 2017

We present a robust and simple method to prepare DNA-crowded enzyme complexes by directly assembling long DNA duplexes on the enzyme surface.
Azulene–boronate esters: colorimetric indicators for fluoride in drinking water
Authors: López-Alled Carlos M. , Sanchez-Fernandez Adrian , Edler Karen J. , Sedgwick Adam C. , Bull Steven D. , McMullin Claire L. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , James Tony D. , Wenk Jannis , Lewis Simon E.
Published: November 2017

Sensitive and selective fluoride indicators consisting of a boronate ester receptor motif, conjugated to an azulene reporter motif, are described. These exhibit a colour change visible to the naked eye when exposed to fluoride.
Controllable synthesis of two CaO crystal generations: precursors' synthesis and formation mechanisms
Authors: Ma Liang , Zhao Bosheng , Shi Huihu , Sha Feng , Liu Chang , Du Hong , Zhang Jianbin
Published: November 2017

In this study, novel rod-like and block-like CaO crystals were prepared after calcinating three types of CaCO3 precursors containing dumbbell-like, wheat spike-like and microsphere-like morphologies at 1000 °C for 3 h.
Tailoring the dispersion of nanoparticles and the mechanical behavior of polymer nanocomposites by designing the chain architecture
Authors: Hou Guanyi , Tao Wei , Liu Jun , Gao Yangyang , Zhang Liqun , Li Ying
Published: November 2017

The dispersion of nanoparticles with different polymer–nanoparticle interaction strengths and chain architectures.
HyRes: a coarse-grained model for multi-scale enhanced sampling of disordered protein conformations
Authors: Liu Xiaorong , Chen Jianhan
Published: November 2017

Efficient coarse-grained (CG) models can be coupled with atomistic force fields to accelerate the sampling of atomistic energy landscapes in the multi-scale enhanced sampling (MSES) framework.
Sensitivity-enhanced detection of non-labile proton and carbon NMR spectra on water resonances
Authors: Novakovic Mihajlo , Martinho Ricardo P. , Olsen Gregory L. , Lustig Michael S. , Frydman Lucio
Published: November 2017

Chemical exchange saturation transfer experiments can enhance the NMR signals of non-labile protons and carbons by relaying their evolution to an abundant water signal via J-couplings and exchanges.
Imaging the dynamics of ion–molecule reactions
Authors: Carrascosa Eduardo , Meyer Jennifer , Wester Roland
Published: November 2017

A range of ion–molecule reactions have been studied in the last years using the crossed-beam ion imaging technique, from charge transfer and proton transfer to nucleophilic substitution and elimination.
Gold nanoclusters with a wide range of fluorescence characteristics generated in situ in polymer thin films: potential gas sensing application
Authors: Divya Madhuri U. , Radhakrishnan T. P.
Published: November 2017

Gold nanoclusters with variable emission characteristics are generated in situ in polymer films by mild thermal annealing and their potential application as gas detectors is demonstrated.
High rate capability performance of ordered mesoporous TiNb6O17 microsphere anodes for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Sun Ruixue , Liu Guangyin , Cao Shuzhi , Dong Bitao , Liu Xiaodi , Hu Min , Liu Miao , Duan Xinying
Published: November 2017

We report the synthesis and application of ordered mesoporous TiNb6O17 microspheres (M-TNO) using a one-step solvothermal method for the first time in lithium-ion batteries.
Preparation of Fe-MOFs by microwave-assisted ball milling for reducing Cr(vi) in wastewater
Authors: Wei Fu-hua , Chen Ding , Liang Zhao , Zhao Shuai-qi , Luo Yun
Published: November 2017

Fe-Based metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) were prepared with trimesic acid and FeSO4·7H2O via a microwave-assisted ball milling approach.
Luminescent cadmium(ii) coordination polymers of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene used as efficient multi-responsive sensors for toxic metal ions in water
Authors: Gong Wei-Jie , Yao Rui , Li Hong-Xi , Ren Zhi-Gang , Zhang Jian-Guo , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: November 2017

One luminescent cadmium(ii) coordination polymer of 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(4-pyridylvinyl)benzene works as an efficient multi-responsive sensor for Hg2+, CrO42− and Cr2O72− in water.
Preparation of TiO2/Bi2WO6 nanostructured heterojunctions on carbon fibers as a weaveable visible-light photocatalyst/photoelectrode
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Shen Xiaofeng , Luo Li , Shi Zhun , Liu Zixiao , Chen Zhigang , Zhu Meifang , Zhang Lisha
Published: November 2017

TiO2/Bi2WO6 heterojunctions were prepared on carbon fibers; they can be used as a weaveable visible-light photocatalyst/photoelectrode for purifying wastewater in the river and/or lake.
Fluorescent nanoparticles from mature vinegar: their properties and interaction with dopamine
Authors: Cao Lin , Song Xunyu , Song Yukun , Bi Jingran , Cong Shuang , Yu Chenxu , Tan Mingqian
Published: November 2017

In this paper we report the discovery of fluorescent nanoparticles (FNs) in Chinese mature vinegar.
Bioreactor model of neuromuscular junction with electrical stimulation for pharmacological potency testing
Authors: Charoensook Surapon N. , Williams Damian J. , Chakraborty Syandan , Leong Kam W. , Vunjak-Novakovic Gordana
Published: November 2017

In vitromodels of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) are emerging as a valuable tool to study synaptogenesis, synaptic maintenance, and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
A compartmentalized microfluidic chip with crisscross microgrooves and electrophysiological electrodes for modeling the blood–retinal barrier
Authors: Yeste Jose , García-Ramírez Marta , Illa Xavi , Guimerà Anton , Hernández Cristina , Simó Rafael , Villa Rosa
Published: November 2017

This work presents a new microfluidic chip to facilitate multicellular interactions and cell barrier function monitoring in real time.
A multi-throughput multi-organ-on-a-chip system on a plate formatted pneumatic pressure-driven medium circulation platform
Authors: Satoh T. , Sugiura S. , Shin K. , Onuki-Nagasaki R. , Ishida S. , Kikuchi K. , Kakiki M. , Kanamori T.
Published: November 2017

A multi-throughput multi-organ-on-a-chip system was formed on a pneumatic pressure-driven medium circulation platform as a novel type of microphysiological system.
Nucleophile and base differentiation of pyridine with tetrahalocatechols and the formation of manganese(iii)-catecholate and pyridinium-catecholate complexes for the in situ generation of H2O2 from O2
Authors: Bakewell Nicholas , Thavarajah Rumintha , Motevalli Majid , Sheriff Tippu S.
Published: November 2017

The structures of two novel pyridinium catecholates are reported by reaction of pyridine with tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone and tetrabromocatechol; with tetrachlorocatechol pyridine acts as a base with the structure of the pyridinium-catecholate salt reported.
A facile atom economic one pot multicomponent synthesis of bioactive spiro-indenoquinoxaline pyrrolizines as potent antioxidants and anti-cancer agents
Authors: Saravana Mani Kailasam , Kaminsky Werner , Rajendran Subramaniam Parameswaran
Published: November 2017

One pot method for the synthesis of biologically active novel spiro-indenoquinoxaline pyrrolizines by means of four-component reaction between ninhydrin, o-phenylenediamine, l-proline and quinolinyl chalcones in methanol via [3+2] cycloaddition.
A binder-free paper electrode with high performance for NaBH4 oxidation
Authors: Zhang Dongming , Wang Bin , Yang Xueying , Zhang Junjun , Liu Youzhi , Wang Guiling
Published: November 2017

In this study, a piece of filter paper with good flexibility and hygroscopicity was used to support catalysts after a pencil drawing process.
Studies on drug release kinetics and antibacterial activity against drug-resistant bacteria of cefotaxime sodium loaded layered double hydroxide–fenugreek nanohybrid
Authors: Komarala Eswaravara Prasadarao , Doshi Sejal , Thiyagarajan Shankar , Aslam Mohammed , Bahadur Dhirendra
Published: November 2017

Antibacterial activity of a CLF nanohybrid against E. coli 949 ESBL cefotaxime-resistant bacteria via the interaction of penicillin binding protein.
The chemistry and chemical ecology of nudibranchs
Authors: Dean Lewis J. , Prinsep Michèle R.
Published: November 2017

Janolusimide A and B, are bryozoan metabolites sequestered by the nudibranchJanolus novozelandicus.
Observation of A1g Raman mode splitting in few layer black phosphorus encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Urban J. M. , Baranowski M. , Surrente A. , Wlodarczyk D. , Suchocki A. , Long G. , Wang Y. , Klopotowski L. , Wang N. , Maude D. K. , Plochocka P.
Published: November 2017

We observed a predicted but elusive Raman peak in hBN-encapsulated black phosphorus on the high wavenumber side of A1g.
First principles investigation of tunnel FETs based on nanoribbons from topological two-dimensional materials
Authors: Marin E. G. , Marian D. , Iannaccone G. , Fiori G.
Published: November 2017

We explore nanoribbons from topological two-dimensional stanene as a channel material in tunnel field effect transistors, opening the possibility of building pure one-dimensional channel devices.
Large-area potassium-doped highly conductive graphene films for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Zhou Erzhen , Xi Jiabin , Liu Yingjun , Xu Zhen , Guo Yan , Peng Li , Gao Weiwei , Ying Ji , Chen Zichen , Gao Chao
Published: November 2017

A potassium-doped graphene film with high flexibility, light weight and superb high EMI shielding performance.
Improved synthesis of symmetrically & asymmetrically N-substituted pyridinophane derivatives
Authors: Wessel Andrew J. , Schultz Jason W. , Tang Fengzhi , Duan Hui , Mirica Liviu M.
Published: November 2017

Reported herein is an optimized, larger-scale synthesis of symmetric and asymmetric pyridinophane tetraazamacrocycles, which are versatile ligands in coordination chemistry.
Desulfurization–bromination: direct chain-end modification of RAFT polymers
Authors: Lee In-Hwan , Discekici Emre H. , Shankel Shelby L. , Anastasaki Athina , Read de Alaniz Javier , Hawker Craig J. , Lunn David J.
Published: November 2017

We report a chain-end modification strategy for the quantitative conversion of thiol and thiocarbonylthio functional groups to bromides under mild conditions.
Multifunctional second barrier layers for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhang Longsheng , Liu Tianxi
Published: November 2017

The introduction of a second barrier layer has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to fabricate high-performance Li–S batteries with enhanced cycling and rate performance.
Selective access to dipyrazolo-fused pyridines via formal [3 + 2 + 1] heteroannulation of methyl ketones with pyrazol-5-amines
Authors: Gao Qinghe , He Shuang , Wu Xia , Zhang Jingjing , Bai Suping , Wu Yandong , Wu Anxin
Published: November 2017

A fascinating new form of the Hantzsch reaction with methyl ketones and pyrazol-5-amines for the selective synthesis of dipyrazolo-fused pyridines has been discovered.
Mesoporous silica-based carbon dot–carbon nitride composite for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Peng Yulan , Liu Fenghui , Wang Lingzhi , Liu Yongdi , Lei Juying , Zhang Jinlong
Published: November 2017

G-C3N4 was loaded into carbon dot modified mesoporous silica SBA-15. The obtained composite catalyst exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
Rapid identification of quarantine invasiveSolanum elaeagnifoliumby real-time, isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay
Authors: Lei Rong , Yan Zhengyue , Hu Fan , Zhu Shuifang , Xiong Yufen , Fan Xiaohong
Published: November 2017

An easy-to-implement strategy to identifySolanum elaeagnifoliumby utilizing recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology was developed.
Insights into TiO2 polymorphs: highly selective synthesis, phase transition, and their polymorph-dependent properties
Authors: Zhang Maolin , Chen Tiedan , Wang Yunjian
Published: November 2017

Herein we report the selective synthesis and two kinds of phase transformation of TiO2 polymorphs under hydrothermal conditions.
Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped hierarchically porous carbons derived from cattle bones as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zan Yongxi , Zhang Zhengping , Liu Haijing , Dou Meiling , Wang Feng
Published: November 2017

Nitrogen and phosphorus co-doped cattle-bone-derived hierarchically porous carbon metal-free electrocatalysts were synthesized exhibiting superior oxygen reduction performance than Pt/C.
Surface-coating synthesis of nitrogen-doped inverse opal carbon materials with ultrathin micro/mesoporous graphene-like walls for oxygen reduction and supercapacitors
Authors: Yao Yan , Chen Zhi , Zhang Aijian , Zhu Jiahui , Wei Xiangru , Guo Jun , Wu Winston Duo , Chen Xiao Dong , Wu Zhangxiong
Published: November 2017

A surface-coating templating method is adopted to construct 3D hierarchical carbons with ultrathin graphene-like walls for the high-performance ORR and supercapacitors.
Prussian blue analogues derived porous nitrogen-doped carbon microspheres as high-performance metal-free peroxymonosulfate activators for non-radical-dominated degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Wang Na , Ma Wenjie , Ren Ziqiu , Du Yunchen , Xu Ping , Han Xijiang
Published: November 2017

Herein, Zn–Co Prussian blue analogues derived porous nitrogen-doped carbon are applied for the degradation of organic pollutantsviaa non-radical pathway.
Gravity driven ultrafast removal of organic contaminants across catalytic superwetting membranes
Authors: Zhu Zhigao , Zhong Lingling , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Huarui , Shi Wenxin , Cui Fuyi , Wang Wei
Published: November 2017

Flexible and superwetting carbon nanofibrous membranes were prepared for efficient catalytic filtration oxidation of refractory organic pollutants.
N-Doping of plasma exfoliated graphene oxide via dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Yiqing , Yu Feng , Zhu Mingyuan , Ma Cunhua , Zhao Dan , Wang Chao , Zhou Amin , Dai Bin , Ji Junyi , Guo Xuhong
Published: November 2017

N-doped plasma exfoliated graphene oxide was effectively fabricated via dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Graphene and graphene-like materials in biomass conversion: paving the way to the future
Authors: Das Vijay Kumar , Shifrina Zinaida B. , Bronstein Lyudmila M.
Published: November 2017

In this review we identify the key factors for the successful design of catalysts based on graphene derivatives for biomass conversion and suggest our perspective for the development of this field.
Stimuli-responsive solid-state emission from o-carborane–tetraphenylethene dyads induced by twisted intramolecular charge transfer in the crystalline state
Authors: Li Junfeng , Yang Chenglong , Peng Xuelei , Chen Ying , Qi Qi , Luo Xiaoyan , Lai Wen-Yong , Huang Wei
Published: November 2017

Stimuli-responsive solid-state emission from o-carborane–tetraphenylethene dyads induced by twisted intramolecular charge transfer in the crystalline state was demonstrated.
Direct fabrication of BiFeO3 thin films on polyimide substrates for flexible electronics
Authors: Tomczyk Monika , Bretos Iñigo , Jiménez Ricardo , Mahajan Amit , Ramana E. Venkata , Calzada M. Lourdes , Vilarinho Paula M.
Published: November 2017

The Seeded Photosensitive Precursor Method was successfully used for integration of lead-free BiFeO3 ferroelectric thin films with flexible plastic substrates at temperatures as low as 300 °C.
Directed migration of additives to form top interlayers in polymer light emitting diodes
Authors: Nouzman L. , Frey G. L.
Published: November 2017

A new methodology to self-generate interlayers at the emissive layer/cathode interface in OLEDs that is fully compatible with solution processing and enhances device performances.
Wide bandgap small molecular acceptors for low energy loss organic solar cells
Authors: Ye Pan , Chen Yusheng , Wu Jianfei , Wu Xiaoxi , Yu Simiao , Xing Wang , Liu Qi , Jia Xiangli , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui
Published: November 2017

Upon replacing thiophene moieties with thiazole ones, introducing S⋯N noncovalent conformational locks resulted in a significant enhancement of photovoltaic performances.
PSM control technique for primary‐side regulating fly‐back converters
Authors: Du Hanxiao , Huo Zongliang
Published: November 2017

A pulse skipping modulation (PSM) strategy is introduced to the primary‐side regulating (PSR) fly‐back converters operating under light load. The discrete‐time state equations of the PSR fly‐back converter works in discontinuous conduction mode are discussed. Based on the iterative map, the stability of PSR fly‐back converter modulated by PSM scheme is analysed. A self‐adaptive modulation factor control technique is proposed in response to the primary side sampling characteristics of the PSR fly‐back converters. Theoretic analysis and simulation results show that by utilising the proposed PSM strategy, the power dissipation under light loads can be reduced, and that the modulation factor tolerance is 1.1% by maximum in comparison with its ideal value within 10–100% load range. By optimising the proposed technique, the output voltage ripple under light loads can also be well controlled to <1% (50 mV). The technique is realised by a 1 μm 5 V/40 V/700 V BCD process, and a 5 V/1 A PSR fly‐back AC–DC converter prototype is built. The experimental results match the theoretical analysis. The technique proposed is believed to help improving the efficiency for refined regulating method in PSR fly‐back converters under light loads.
Global MPPT algorithm with coordinated control of PSO and INC for rooftop PV array
Authors: Liu Jinhua , Li Junyin , Wu Jianan , Zhou Wenhui
Published: November 2017

Considering the characteristics of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) array, a new mathematical model of PV array that is suitable for partial shading condition is built based on an engineering model of a solar cell. It is derived theoretically that output voltage of PV array can be expressed by piecewise function. Moreover, a global maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method based on particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and incremental conductance algorithm (INC) coordination control is put forward under partial shading. When the environmental conditions are stable, MPPT can be achieved by INC control; otherwise, when the external conditions change, global maximum power point of PV systems can be located fast and accurately by PSO. So, the tracking efficiency is improved. Simulation results show that the PSO and INC coordination control methods have better tracking precision. It can be achieved easily and reduce hardware input costs. It also improves the PV array output efficiency.
Optimisation procedure for designing a magnetic gear
Authors: McGilton Ben , Crozier Richard , Mueller Markus
Published: November 2017

Magnetic gears (MGs) are increasingly viewed as an attractive alternative to traditional mechanical gears due to the potential for reduced operation and maintenance requirements resulting from contactless torque transfer and the associated reduction in mechanical wear. MGs have multiple interdependent parameters which effect the final torque capabilities of a design and therefore new design processes must be developed such that optimal designs can be realised. This study applies the genetic algorithm optimisation approach to MG design and examines its effectiveness. While achieving a high torque target of 250±5% kN m with a gear ratio of between 7.25 and 7.75:1 the process minimises the amount of required high cost permanent magnet material by over 53% from the initial design.
Mechanism of sub‐synchronous interaction caused by inter‐harmonics in DFIG
Authors: Tao Wen , Yao Huang , Dawei Zhao , Lingzhi Zhu , Xitian Wang
Published: November 2017

The mechanism of sub‐synchronous interaction (SSI) caused by the inter‐harmonics in doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is investigated. Based on the inter‐modulation principle, the mechanism of DFIG's inter‐harmonics is studied and the expression of their frequency components is derived. Meanwhile, the connection between inter‐harmonics with sub‐synchronous frequency and rotor speed is studied and the cause is discussed. After that, the mechanism that inter‐harmonics participate in the cause of SSI phenomenon is investigated.
New scheme of UHVDC transmission line protection based on Chebyshev window filter
Authors: Li Zhenxing , Tan Hong
Published: November 2017

Based on the analysis of the fault current characteristics in ultra‐high‐voltage DC (UHVDC) transmission lines, a new method to identify the fault by using the polarity of the current mutation is proposed here. Firstly, the protection scheme here is set up as the distributed parameter model to eliminate the influence of distributed capacitance current and data synchronisation on protection. Furthermore, not only the characteristic harmonics of the DC side but also the electromagnetic coupling of the bipolar DC lines and the interference of the high‐frequency pulse are considered; the Chebyshev filter is used to select the low‐frequency component. Finally, the results of PSCAD/EMTDC simulation show that the proposed scheme not only has the advantages of reliable and low sampling rate, but also has the ability to withstand the transition resistance and the lightning resistance. In a word, the scheme has important reference value for the actual UHVDC projects.
Synthesis and characterisation of human serum albumin passivated CdTe nanocrystallites as fluorescent probe
Authors: Wojnarowska‐Nowak Renata , Polit Jacek , Zięba Anna , Stolyarchuk Ihor D. , Nowak Slawomir , Romerowicz‐Misielak Maria , Sheregii Eugen M.
Published: November 2017

The II–VI nanocrystallites (NCs) are well known as a great fluorescent probe, but one of the main problem is a toxic effect. Covering a semiconductor NCs by some materials or chemicals can reduce it, but change optical properties and functional characteristics of NCs. The potential ability of the CdTe NCs passivated by human serum albumin (HSA) to cancer cells bioimaging is examined. Performed research explored the interaction between the CdTe NCs and HSA, and fluorescence imaging efficiency of the NC–HSA bionanocomplex in comparison with the uncovered NCs. The secondary structure of the HSA is similar to the native form, which suggests a biocompatibility of the prepared bionanocomplex. The CdTe NCs located in osteosarcoma cancer cells show a high luminescence intensity. The light emission of the CdTe NCs connected with albumin is less than the pure NCs, but it is still satisfactory, and additionally have high resistance to photo‐bleaching. It suggests that the CdTe NC–HSA bionanocomplex can be used as a fluorescent probe for cell labelling, tracking and other bioimaging applications.
Synthesis, characterisation and thermo‐physical investigations on magnesia nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol–DI water (50:50)
Authors: Sasidharan Suseel Jai Krishnan , Parasumanna Krishnamurthy Nagarajan , Mamat Rizalman , Loganathan Vimala Devi , Sathyamurthy Ravishankar
Published: November 2017

In the present work, magnesia nanoparticles (17 nm) were synthesised by solution combustion and characterised using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Nanofluid prepared by magnesia dispersion in ethylene glycol and deionised water (50:50) is characterised using Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurement. The ‐41 mV zeta potential confirms nanofluid stability. The average particle size in the nanofluid obtained by the DLS method is 33 nm, whereas the crystallite size is 17 nm as per the Scherrer relation. The nanofluid properties were determined under varying volume concentration (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2%) and temperature (25–60°C). The viscosity measured by using a rotational viscometer decreases with increase in the temperature, whereas the thermal conductivity and specific heat, measured by using a KD2 Pro analyser and a differential scanning calorimeter, respectively, increases. With the increase in volume concentration, thermal conductivity, and viscosity increases, whereas specific heat decreases. The maximum thermal conductivity enhancement and specific heat diminution was 15.6 and 20.5%, respectively, for 0.2% concentration and the minimum viscosity was 2.2% for 0.025% concentration at 60°C. Based on the measured data, new correlations have been proposed.