bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response transcriptional targets of XBP-1s mediate rescue from tauopathy
Authors: Waldherr Sarah M. , Han Marina , Saxton Aleen D. , Vadset Taylor A. , McMillan Pamela J. , Wheeler Jeanna M. , Liachko Nicole F. , Kraemer Brian C.
Published: July 2024

Pathological tau disrupts protein homeostasis (proteostasis) within neurons in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related disorders. We previously showed constitutive activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) transcription factor XBP-1s rescues tauopathy-related proteostatic disruption in a tau transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model of human tauopathy. XBP-1s promotes clearance of pathological tau, and loss of function of the ATF-6 branch of the UPRER prevents XBP-1s rescue of tauopathy in C. elegans. We conducted transcriptomic analysis of tau transgenic and xbp-1s transgenic C. elegans and found 116 putative target genes significantly upregulated by constitutively active XBP-1s. Among these were five candidate XBP-1s target genes with human orthologs and a previously known association with ATF6 (csp-1, dnj-28, hsp-4, ckb-2, and lipl-3). We examined the functional involvement of these targets in XBP-1s-mediated tauopathy suppression and found loss of function in any one of these genes completely disrupts XBP-1s suppression of tauopathy. Further, we demonstrate upregulation of HSP-4, C. elegans BiP, partially rescues tauopathy independent of other changes in the transcriptional network. Understanding how the UPRER modulates pathological tau accumulation will inform neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and direct further study in mammalian systems with the long-term goal of identifying therapeutic targets in human tauopathies.
Anchor objects drive realism while diagnostic objects drive categorization in GAN generated scenes
Authors: Kallmayer Aylin , Võ Melissa L.-H.
Published: July 2024

Our visual surroundings are highly complex. Despite this, we understand and navigate them effortlessly. This requires transforming incoming sensory information into representations that not only span low- to high-level visual features (e.g., edges, object parts, objects), but likely also reflect co-occurrence statistics of objects in real-world scenes. Here, so-called anchor objects are defined as being highly predictive of the location and identity of frequently co-occuring (usually smaller) objects, derived from object clustering statistics in real-world scenes, while so-called diagnostic objects are predictive of the larger semantic context (i.e., scene category). Across two studies (N1 = 50, N2 = 44), we investigate which of these properties underlie scene understanding across two dimensions – realism and categorisation – using scenes generated from Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) which naturally vary along these dimensions. We show that anchor objects and mainly high-level features extracted from a range of pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) drove realism both at first glance and after initial processing. Categorisation performance was mainly determined by diagnostic objects, regardless of realism, at first glance and after initial processing. Our results are testament to the visual system’s ability to pick up on reliable, category specific sources of information that are flexible towards disturbances across the visual feature-hierarchy.
Usutu virus and West Nile virus use a transcellular route of neuroinvasion across an in vitro model of the human blood–brain barrier
Authors: Marshall Eleanor M. , Koopmans Marion , Rockx Barry
Published: July 2024

West Nile virus (WNV) leads to thousands of cases of severe neurological disease in humans each year. Usutu virus (USUV) is closely related to WNV, but rarely induces disease in humans. We hypothesised that USUV is less able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and, consequently, is less likely to infect the brain. Therefore, we developed an in vitro BBB model consisting of primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes and astrocytes. Both USUV and WNV invaded across the in vitro BBB via a transcellular mechanism in the absence of barrier disruption. USUV replicated to lower titres than WNV but induced a comparable cytokine and chemokine response, with modulation of key factors associated with barrier function and immune-cell migration. In conclusion, USUV appears attenuated in its ability to replicate at this interface compared with WNV, but further work must be done to identify key determinants underlying the differing clinical presentations.
Aspects of the lifestyle of multipartite viruses apply to monopartite segmented and perhaps nonsegmented viruses
Authors: Michalakis Yannis , Blanc Stéphane
Published: July 2024

Recent research on faba bean necrotic stunt virus, aiming to understand how multipartite viruses function and potentially their existence, revealed three surprising features: a non-uniform segment frequency distribution (genome formula), a multicellular functioning, and the non-concomitant transmission of genomic segments. We review the occurrence of these features in other multipartite viruses and discuss their potential operation in monopartite viruses with segmented genomes and perhaps even in viruses with nonsegmented genomes.
Non-canonical NF-κB signaling limits the tolerogenic β-catenin-Raldh2 axis in gut dendritic cells to exacerbate intestinal pathologies
Authors: Deka Alvina , Kumar Naveen , Basu Swapnava , Chawla Meenakshi , Bhattacharya Namrata , Ali Sk Asif , Bhawna  , Madan Upasna , Kumar Shakti , Das Bhabatosh , Sengupta Debarka , Awasthi Amit , Basak Soumen
Published: July 2024

Dendritic cell (DC) dysfunction is known to exacerbate intestinal pathologies, but the mechanisms compromising DC-mediated immune regulation in this context remain unclear. Here, we show that intestinal dendritic cells from a mouse model of experimental colitis exhibit significant levels of noncanonical NF-κB signaling, which activates the RelB:p52 heterodimer. Genetic inactivation of this pathway in DCs alleviates intestinal pathologies in mice suffering from colitis. Deficiency of RelB:p52 diminishes transcription of Axin1, a critical component of the β-catenin destruction complex, reinforcing β-catenin-dependent expression of Raldh2, which imparts tolerogenic DC attributes by promoting retinoic acid synthesis. DC-specific impairment of noncanonical NF-κB signaling leads to increased colonic numbers of Tregs and IgA+ B cells, which promote luminal IgA production and foster eubiosis. Experimentally introduced β-catenin haploinsufficiency in DCs with deficient noncanonical NF-κB signaling moderates Raldh2 activity, reinstating colitogenic sensitivity in mice. Finally, inflammatory bowel-disease patients also display a deleterious noncanonical NF-κB signaling signature in intestinal DCs. In sum, we establish how noncanonical NF-κB signaling in dendritic cells can subvert retinoic acid synthesis to fuel intestinal inflammation.
Photoresponsive metal–organic framework materials for advance applications
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Datta Sourav , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: July 2024

This highlight article aims to summarize different types of MOF materials and their strategies that cause them to exhibit photoresponsive behaviour.
The enhancement of CdS ultrathin nanosheets photocatalytic activity for water splitting via activating the (001) polar facet by hydrogenation and its charge separation mechanism
Authors: Sun Zehao , Luo Qi , Meng Xiaohua , Ruan Chuanyi , Liu Shengzhong , Liu Bin , Yang Heqing
Published: July 2024

The photocatalytic H2 evolution activity of the CdS nanosheets with exposed {001} facets were significantly improved by hydrogenation. Photocatalytic H2 evolution mechanism of charge separation driven by Es between CdS {001} polar faces are proposed.
Analysis of chemical and transport processes of biogenic aerosols over the northern Apennines: insights from the WRF-CHIMERE model
Authors: Vitali Bruno , Bettineschi Manuel , Cholakian Arineh , Zardi Dino , Bianchi Federico , Sinclair Victoria A. , Mikkola Johannes , Cristofanelli Paolo , Marinoni Angela , Mazzini Martina , Heikkinen Liine , Aurela Minna , Paglione Marco , Bessagnet Bertrand , Tuccella Paolo , Ciarelli Giancarlo
Published: July 2024

This work represents the first high-resolution chemical transport modelling study investigating the region of Mt. Cimone and is intended to provide original insight on the transport of aerosols particles in regions characterized by complex orography.
Experimental and computational study of Zn doping in Li5+xLa3Nb2−xZrxO12 garnet solid state electrolytes
Authors: Dong Bo , Oboho Bassey , Li Linhao , Tao Xiao , Zhu Pengcheng , Stockham Mark P. , Li Chuan , Smith Roger , Li Yongliang , Ding Yulong , Goddard Pooja , Slater Peter R.
Published: July 2024

The trilayer sandwich pellet with Zn-doped buffer layer hindered dendrite growth.
Multifunctional single-component organic molecular materials: ferroelectricity, negative thermal expansion, and polymorphism
Authors: Dutta Sanjay , Negi Lalita , Munshi Parthapratim
Published: July 2024

The evolution of research on ferroelectricity and unusual thermal expansion properties in organic molecular crystals and their existence in polymorphic forms have been highlighted to pinpoint the importance of such materials in organic electronics.
Carrier-free nano-prodrugs for minimally invasive cancer therapy
Authors: Tanita Keita , Koseki Yoshitaka , Kumar Sanjay , Taemaitree Farsai , Mizutani Asuka , Nakatsuji Hirotaka , Suzuki Ryuju , Dao Anh Thi Ngoc , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Tada Hiroshi , Ishida Takanori , Saijo Ken , Ishioka Chikashi , Kasai Hitoshi
Published: July 2024

SNC4DC, a dimer of SN-38 derivatives, has been synthesized. SNC4DC nanoparticles called nano-prodrugs are internalized into the cell and dissociate, and the active SN-38 is released after reduction of the S–S bond in the presence of GSH occurs.
Functionalized polyesters based on valerolactones and [12]aneN3 as effective non-viral gene vectors in HepG2 cells
Authors: Zhang Xi , Xu De-Zhong , Zhang Zi-Han , Ren Zhi-Xuan , Wu Jia-Rao , Xu Yun-Jie , Lu Zhong-Lin , Liu Rui , Liu Yang
Published: July 2024

Block polyesters with BODIPY and [12]aneN3 moieties showed efficient cell-specific nucleic acid expression and anti-tumor gene therapy in vitro.
Synthesis of amino-functionalized polyester via ring-opening alternating copolymerization of glycidylamines with cyclic anhydrides
Authors: Suzuki Ryota , Gao Tianle , Sumi Ayaka , Yamamoto Takuya , Tajima Kenji , Li Feng , Isono Takuya , Satoh Toshifumi
Published: July 2024

Amino-functional polyesters (APEs) are a remarkable class of polymeric materials with a wide range of applications. In this paper, we reported novel APE synthesis via ring-opening alternating copolymerization of glycidylamine with cyclic anhydride.
Mesoporous Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) composite polymer particles for pH-responsive loading and targeted release of bioactive molecules
Authors: Jahan Most. Nusrat , Alam Md. Ashraful , Rahman Md. Mahabur , Hoque S. Manjura , Ahmad Hasan
Published: July 2024

A mesoporous pH-responsive Fe3O4/SiO2/poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) composite is synthesized for targeted drug delivery to the upper small intestine and colon, where the pH is relatively alkaline.
Isopropanol sensor based on sprayed In2S3 thin film using linear discriminant analysis for real-time selectivity
Authors: Souissi R. , Bouricha B. , Ihzaz N. , Bouguila N. , Abderrabba M.
Published: July 2024

Metal sulfides have been studied for their high performance as new sensitive materials for gas detection.
Getting a molecular grip on the half-lives of iminothioindoxyl photoswitches
Authors: Boëtius Melody E. , Hoorens Mark W. H. , Ošťadnický Martin , Laurent Adèle D. , di Donato Mariangela , van Wingaarden Aldo C. A. , Hilbers Michiel F. , Feringa Ben L. , Buma Wybren Jan , Medveď Miroslav , Szymanski Wiktor
Published: July 2024

Molecular engineering of an ITI photoswitch, supported by DFT calculations and advanced spectroscopy, allows the half-life of its unstable state to be boosted to the levels needed for biological applications.
Identifying non-proton-coupled electron transfer as a potential limiting step for the electrosynthesis of ammonia
Authors: Yang Lei , Fan Jiake , Zhu Weihua
Published: July 2024

Comprehensively determining the potential limiting step (PLS) and understanding the sophisticated mechanisms of a certain electrochemical reaction become increasingly crucial.
Auditory Processing of Speech and Nonspeech in People Who Stutter
Authors: Phillips Matthew C. , Myers Emily B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

We investigated speech and nonspeech auditory processing of temporal and spectral cues in people who do and do not stutter. We also asked whether self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures.

Method:

People who stutter (
n
= 23) and people who do not stutter (
n
= 28) completed a series of four auditory processing tasks online. These tasks consisted of speech and nonspeech stimuli differing in spectral or temporal cues. We then used independent-samples
t
-tests to assess differences in phonetic categorization slopes between groups and linear mixed-effects models to test differences in nonspeech auditory processing between stuttering and nonstuttering groups, and stuttering severity as a function of performance on all auditory processing tasks.

Results:

We found statistically significant differences between people who do and do not stutter in phonetic categorization of a continuum differing in a temporal cue and in discrimination of nonspeech stimuli differing in a spectral cue. A significant proportion of variance in self-reported stuttering severity was predicted by performance on the auditory processing measures.

Conclusions:

Taken together, these results suggest that people who stutter process both speech and nonspeech auditory information differently than people who do not stutter and may point to subtle differences in auditory processing that could contribute to stuttering. We also note that these patterns could be the consequence of listening to one's own speech, rather than the cause of production differences.
Parameter Optimization of Balise Circuit Based on Fusion of BNN and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Li Zhengjiao , Zhao Zishuo , Liu Jiang , Zhang Zhongqi , Cai Baigen
Published: July 2024

The optimization of the parameters of the components related to the radio frequency (RF) transmission circuit of the balise can keep the balise working normally under low power consumption and increase the reliability and stability of the high‐speed railway vehicle‐ground communication. However, the circuit has high complexity, many parameters need to be considered in optimization, and the constraint relationship is complex. Optimizing a single objective is very difficult and time‐consuming. Therefore, this paper proposes a ground transponder design and optimization method based on deep learning. Firstly, the functional modules of the balise RF circuit are decomposed, and the influencing factors of circuit start‐up conditions and load quality factors are analysed, and the component parameters that need to be optimized are extracted as decision variables. The objective function of the model is established from the perspective of circuit cost and static power consumption, and a multi‐objective optimization model is established through its overall circuit scheme. Finally, in order to reduce the time cost, the multi‐objective optimization model is processed by the fusion of neural network and genetic algorithm. Among them, the experimental results show that the optimization effect of Bayesian neural network (BNN) is the most significant, and the static power consumption and cost of the circuit can be reduced by 55% and 42%, respectively, with less time overhead.
Connecting the radio AGN life cycle to feedback
Authors: Kukreti Pranav , Morganti Raffaella
Published: July 2024

In the host galaxies of radio active galactic nuclei (AGN), kinematically disturbed gas due to jet-driven feedback is a widely observed phenomenon. Simulations predict that the impact of jets on the surrounding gas changes as they grow. Useful insights into this phenomenon can be obtained by characterising radio AGN into different evolutionary stages and studying their impact on gas kinematics. We present a systematic study of the [O III] gas kinematics for a sample of 5720 radio AGN up to z ∼ 0.8 with a large 1.4 GHz luminosity range of ≈1022.5 − 1028 W Hz−1, and 1693 [O III] detections. Our careful separation of radio emission from AGN and star formation allows us to isolate the impact of radio jets. Taking advantage of the wide frequency coverage of LOFAR and VLA surveys from 144 − 3000 MHz, we determine the radio spectral shapes, using them to characterise sources into different stages of the radio AGN life cycle. We determine the [O III] kinematics from SDSS spectra and link it to the life cycle. Our main conclusion is that the [O III] gas is ∼3 times more likely to be disturbed in the peaked spectrum (PS) sources (that represent a young phase of activity) than non-peaked spectrum (NPS) sources (that represent more evolved sources) at z < 0.4. This changes to a factor of ∼2 at z > 0.4. This shows that on average, the strong impact of jets is limited to the initial stages of the radio AGN life cycle. At later stages, the impact on gas is more gentle. We also determine the dependence of this trend on 1.4 GHz and [O III] luminosities, and find that the difference between the two groups increases with 1.4 GHz luminosity. Young radio AGN with L1.4 GHz > 1025 W Hz−1 have the most extreme impact on [O III]. Using a stacking analysis, we are further able to trace the changing impact on [O III] in the high frequency peaked spectrum (i.e. youngest), low frequency peaked spectrum (“less young”), and non-peaked spectrum (evolved) radio AGN.
Secular stability of surface abundance structures in the rapidly rotating Ap star 56 Ari
Authors: Potravnov I. , Piskunov N. , Ryabchikova T.
Published: July 2024

The combination of the surface magnetic and abundance inhomogeneities in chemically peculiar Ap/Bp stars is responsible for their rotationally modulated variability. Within the framework of the fossil field hypothesis, these inhomogeneities are considered to be essentially stable over the main sequence timescale. However, a small group of Ap/Bp stars show rotational period changes that are not fully understood. Here, we present results of Doppler imaging of the rapidly rotating Ap star 56 Ari whose changes in period had previously been detected. A reconstruction of the surface distribution of silicon in 56 Ari reveals its complex spot pattern, which is responsible for the rotationally light variability and is correlated with a magnetic field modulation. Comparisons of abundance maps obtained over the unprecedentedly long (for such studies) interval from 1986 to 2014 confirms the stability and rigid rotation of the spot pattern. Thus, we find the period change in 56 Ari is not caused by a rearrangement of the surface magnetic structures and/or atomic diffusion operating on short timescale. It is also unlikely to be explained by the visibility changes of the spots due to the free-body precession of the stellar rotational axis. We briefly discuss possible alternative explanations of the period variability.
Ticking away: The long-term X-ray timing and spectral evolution of eRO-QPE2
Authors: Arcodia R. , Linial I. , Miniutti G. , Franchini A. , Giustini M. , Bonetti M. , Sesana A. , Soria R. , Chakraborty J. , Dotti M. , Kara E. , Merloni A. , Ponti G. , Vincentelli F.
Published: July 2024

Quasi-periodic eruptions (QPEs) are repeated X-ray flares from galactic nuclei that recur every few hours to days, depending on the source. Despite some diversity in the recurrence and amplitude of eruptions, their striking regularity has motivated theorists to associate QPEs with orbital systems. Among the known QPE sources, eRO-QPE2 has shown the most regular flare timing and luminosity since its discovery. We report here on its long-term evolution over 3.3 yr from discovery and find that: i) the average QPE recurrence time per epoch has decreased over time, albeit not at a uniform rate; ii) the distinct alternation between consecutive long and short recurrence times found at discovery has not been significant since; iii) the spectral properties, namely flux and temperature of both eruptions and quiescence components, have remained remarkably consistent within uncertainties. We attempted to interpret these results as orbital period and eccentricity decay coupled with orbital and disk precession. However, since gaps between observations are too long, we are not able to distinguish between an evolution dominated by just a decreasing trend, or by large modulations (e.g. due to the precession frequencies at play). In the former case, the observed period decrease is roughly consistent with that of a star losing orbital energy due to hydrodynamic gas drag from disk collisions, although the related eccentricity decay is too fast and additional modulations have to contribute too. In the latter case, no conclusive remarks are possible on the orbital evolution and the nature of the orbiter due to the many effects at play. However, these two cases come with distinctive predictions for future X-ray data: in the case of a decreasing trend, we expect all future observations to show a shorter recurrence time than the latest epoch, while in the case of large-amplitude modulations we expect some future observations to be found with a larger recurrence, hence an apparent temporary period increase.
Optimized LSTM based on an improved sparrow search algorithm for power battery fault diagnosis in new energy vehicles
Authors: Zhou Shengwei , Zhou Juan , Zhang Shun , Wang Peng
Published: July 2024

Rapidly and accurately diagnosing power battery faults in new energy vehicles can significantly improve battery safety. Aiming at the collected power battery historical fault data information, a power battery fault diagnosis method based on an improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA) optimized LSTM neural network is proposed. First, typical fault types are screened out through statistical fault sample data, and feature extraction is carried out by using wavelet packet unsupervised learning, solving the problem that long time series signal features are difficult to extract and recognize. Second, to solve the uneven distribution problem in initial population randomization, which can result in slow process of the algorithm, the initial position of the sparrow population is initialized using piecewise chaotic mapping with a homogenized distribution. Then, the population's optimal position in each iteration is perturbed using a variant of Gaussian difference, addressing the issue of the population easily converging to local optima. Finally, the hidden layer's optimal number of neurons of LSTM neural network is optimized by improving the sparrow search algorithm. Solving the problems of randomness and the difficulty in selecting the hyperparameters of the LSTM, a feature matrix is used as the input of the LSTM for model training and fault diagnosis and classification. The effectiveness of this method is verified by comparative experiments. The results indicate that the improved Sparrow search algorithm proposed can improve the capabilities of power battery fault diagnosis.
Increased white blood cell count is associated with an increased demand for unfractionated heparin during veno-arterial extracorporeal oxygenation in lung transplantation
Authors: Kashiwa Koichi , Kurosawa Hideo , Fujishiro Kazuki , Kubo Hitoshi , Inokuchi Ryota , Bougaki Masahiko , Kawamura Gaku , Sato Masaaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Nakajima Jun , Doi Kent
Published: July 2024

Background: This retrospective observational study aimed to examine whether clinical inflammatory parameters were associated with the requirement dosage of unfractionated heparin (UFH) to maintain the range of ACT in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) during lung transplantation surgery. Methods: Among all patients who underwent lung transplantation using V-A ECMO from January 2021 to May 2022, 27 patients were included. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether the infusion rate of UFH was increased from the initial infusion rate (7–8 units/kg/h) (increased group, n = 10) or the infusion rate was maintained or decreased (non-increased group, n = 17). The infusion rate was adjusted with an activated clotting time (ACT) target of 160–200 s. Results: At 1–2 h after starting ECMO, ACT was significantly lower (179.0 (166.5–188.5) versus 224.0 (193.0–242.0) sec, p = 0.006) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were higher in the increased group (12.6 ± 3.3 versus 9.5 ± 4.0 × 103/μL, p = 0.046). The UFH infusion rates were higher in the increased group during the surgery. The cutoff value of WBC count at 1–2 h after starting ECMO for discriminating the need for increasing the UFH dosage was determined as 10.2 × 103/μL (sensitivity 90.0%, specificity 58.8%, area under the curve 0.712) and discrimination of this cut-off value was confirmed as statistically significant (p = 0.018). Conclusion: These data suggested that WBC count was associated with the requirement of an increase in the UFH infusion rate of V-A ECMO during lung transplantation surgery. Further evaluation is necessary to clarify the role of WBC count in determining the optimal UFH dosage.
Optimization of two-level methods for DG discretizations of reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Lorca José Pablo Lucero , Gander Martin Jakob
Published: July 2024

In this manuscript, two-level methods applied to a symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization of a singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equation are analyzed. Previous analyses of such methods have been performed numerically by Hemker et al. for the Poisson problem. The main innovation in this work is that explicit formulas for the optimal relaxation parameter of the two-level method for the Poisson problem in 1D are obtained, as well as very accurate closed form approximation formulas for the optimal choice in the reaction-diffusion case in all regimes. Using Local Fourier Analysis, performed at the matrix level to make it more accessible to the linear algebra community, it is shown that for DG penalization parameter values used in practice, it is better to use cell block-Jacobi smoothers of Schwarz type, in contrast to earlier results suggesting that point block-Jacobi smoothers are preferable, based on a smoothing analysis alone. The analysis also reveals how the performance of the iterative solver depends on the DG penalization parameter, and what value should be chosen to get the fastest iterative solver, providing a new, direct link between DG discretization and iterative solver performance. Numerical experiments and comparisons show the applicability of the expressions obtained in higher dimensions and more general geometries. (The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.) (The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.) (All authors contributed to the study, conception and design.)
Examen et atteintes du conduit auditif externe chez le cheval
Authors: Brément Thomas
Published: July 2024

Chez le cheval, les otites externes sont rarement rapportées et incluent toute atteinte inflammatoire pouvant toucher le conduit auditif et/ou le pavillon auriculaire.

Le conduit auditif se compose de deux parties distinctes continues formant un cône tronqué dont le diamètre se rétrécit progressivement jusqu’en région tympanique.

La partie distale (latérale) est cartilagineuse pigmentée et recouverte de peau velue et glandulaire. La partie proximale (médiale), est osseuse non pigmentée, non velue et non glandulaire.

La présence de débris cellulaires et de cérumen en quantité importante, notamment à la jonction entre les deux parties, peut être observée dans le conduit auditif des chevaux y compris en l’absence de signes évocateurs d’otites externes.

Cause ou non de la rareté rapportée des otites externes chez le cheval, l’examen otoscopique est rarement, voire jamais, fait en pratique courante, en raison de la contrainte que représente sa réalisation (équipement spécifique, sédation voire anesthésie nécessaire, …).

Les facteurs rapportés d’otite externe chez le cheval incluent en particulier les parasites, les champignons, les hypersensibilités, certaines maladies auto-immunes, la présence de masses (polypes inflammatoires, sarcoïdes, autres néoplasies, …) ou encore de corps étrangers.

Des formes ulcératives ou hyperplasiques idiopathiques sont également décrites.

Le choix des examens complémentaires doit être raisonné selon les hypothèses évoquées dans le diagnostic différentiel, les commémoratifs, l’anamnèse et les examens cliniques et otoscopiques. Une analyse cytologique est souvent indispensable pour évaluer la présence d’une composante bactérienne (coques/bacilles) et/ou fongiques.

La prise en charge doit être adaptée à la cause et aux complications infectieuses révélées par l’analyse des examens complémentaires.

Les traitements rapportés associent souvent un traitement topique et systémique éventuellement couplés à une approche chirurgicale.
Insémination artificielle : comment optimiser le prélèvement
et la qualité des doses d’insémination chez l’étalon
Authors: Allard Aurélie
Published: July 2024

L’optimisation de la fertilité des étalons passe par la mise à disposition de doses d’insémination de la meilleure qualité possible. Pour cela, le vétérinaire responsable d’un centre de collecte, doit savoir adapter les techniques de récolte et de manipulation du sperme à chaque étalon.

Le prélèvement de sperme est une étape clé. Il requiert des procédures bien déterminées, exercées de préférence par un personnel qualifié.

L’enjeu est de réduire la contamination par des impuretés et de ne pas nuire aux spermatozoïdes fraichement collectés qui sont sensibles à la lumière et aux écarts de température et de pression osmotique.

Il convient d’évaluer les paramètres qualitatifs et quantitatifs de l’éjaculat juste après la récolte, puis de le mélanger à un dilueur. Si les caractéristiques séminales sont jugées médiocres, des techniques de laboratoires sont disponibles pour les améliorer.

Parmi celles-ci, la centrifugation, avec ou sans coussin, et la filtration sur membrane hydrophile, qui séparent les spermatozoïdes du plasma séminal, ont pour conséquence d’augmenter la concentration en spermatozoïdes.

Il est également possible de sélectionner les meilleurs spermatozoïdes d’un éjaculat en le centrifugeant sur une solution à gradient de densité.

Bien qu’elles représentent un investissement en matériel et consommables parfois coûteux, ces techniques sont efficaces et relativement faciles à mettre en place si nécessaire.
Laits et substituts du lait pour les poulains orphelins
Authors: Priymenko Nathalie
Published: July 2024

Réaliser l'alimentation d'un poulain orphelin avec des lactoremplaceurs est compliqué, tant en ce qui concerne le choix d'un lait de substitution, que la réalisation pratique de cette alimentation. Toute erreur peut mener à la mort du poulain ou à un état de malnutrition.

Il faut donc connaître les particularités de la composition du lait de jument, les limites qui restreignent l'utilisation de laits d'autres espèces de mammifères, les contraintes qui conduisent au choix d'un lactoremplaceur du commerce du marché, puis les modalités pratiques de préparation et de distribution de ce lait.
La physiothérapie chez les équidés : une approche complémentaire de la pratique vétérinaire classique
Authors: Bon Guillaume
Published: July 2024

La physiothérapie manuelle est un complément bénéfique de la médecine vétérinaire. Celle-ci regroupe un ensemble de techniques permettant de compléter le diagnostic lésionnel par un diagnostic fonctionnel. Elle propose également une approche thérapeutique non médicamenteuse permettant un traitement ciblé sur la zone à traiter.

Les massages permettent d’améliorer les raideurs musculaires et la sensibilité douloureuse.

Les étirements favorisent la libération des restrictions musculaire et ligamentaire et diminuent la fibrose cicatricielle.

La mobilisation utilise des mouvements répétitifs, dans la limite de l’amplitude passive de l’articulation, pour obtenir une mobilité articulaire normale et symétrique pour restaurer le mouvement.

La manipulation utilise les limites physiologiques du mouvement articulaire ou tissulaire afin de provoquer une action réflexe permettant de restaurer la mobilité de la zone traitée.

L’ostéopathie est une discipline diagnostique et thérapeutique utilisant toutes les techniques de la thérapie manuelle pour améliorer la mobilité du patient. En plus d’agir sur le système musculo squelettique, l’ostéopathe agit également sur la sphère viscérale, le crâne et le corps du cheval dans sa globalité pour améliorer l’équilibre corporel de l’animal.

L’appropriation par les vétérinaires des techniques de thérapie manuelle serait un complément bénéfique à leur pratique quotidienne.
Réhabilitation suite à une tendinite
du tendon fléchisseur superficiel
Authors: Cousty Matthieu
Published: July 2024

Les tendinites sont une affection fréquente du cheval de sport et de course. Le tendon fléchisseur superficiel du doigt est fréquemment impliqué dans toutes les disciplines.

Le traitement d’une tendinite repose sur trois principes fondamentaux : refroidissement, soutien, réhabilitation. La réhabilitation est primordiale pour limiter les récidives.

Un taux de récidive de l’ordre 25 p. cent est rapporté si le cheval bénéficie d’une convalescence contrôlée associée à une injection de PRP, de concentré de moelle osseuse ou de cellules souches.

Une convalescence de 9 à 10 mois est recommandée pour les Trotteurs.
Une convalescence de 11 à 12 mois est recommandée pour les Pur-sang et les chevaux de sport.
Revisiting single-crystal silicon oxidation: A comprehensive analysis of crystal structural transformation to SiO2
Authors: Kamiyama Eiji , Sueoka Koji
Published: July 2024

In this study, we revisit the oxidation reactions of a single-crystal silicon wafer and compare the reported crystal structures of the formed oxides with the original diamond structure of single-crystal silicon. It is commonly assumed that interstitial silicon atoms are always emitted during oxidation at the reactive interface between silicon and the formed oxide due to volume differences. However, it is important to acknowledge that this phenomenon may not always be observed. Thermal equilibrium studies have revealed that a certain percentage of silicon atoms in the diamond structure remains even after surface oxidation [Kamiyama and Sueoka, J. Appl. Phys. 134, 115301 (2023)]. These retained silicon atoms undergo a transformation into a different crystal structure, presenting as β-cristobalite (space group: P41212) rather than the anticipated non-ideal cristobalite (space group: Fd-3m). Our ab initio calculations indicated that the latter remains stable next to a quartz-based structure, exhibiting optimal compatibility with the Si (001) surface. This quartz-based structure is formed through the emission of a Si atom during the oxidation of single-crystal silicon, finally forming a quartz/Si (001) interface. Therefore, we propose a coexisting model involving an alternative β-cristobalite and a quartz crystal structure originating from the surface oxidation of single-crystal silicon. This model offers an explanation for why thermally oxidized films derived from single-crystal silicon exhibit an amorphous nature. In addition, studies have revealed that the oxide precipitates observed in Si crystals are cristobalite and coesite. Hence, the qualitative differences in SiO2/Si interfaces between surface and internal oxidations in metal-gettering effectivity shown in experimental literature require clarification. We also discuss the conditions that prevent the emission of Si atoms.
A quantum Stackelberg common-pool resource game
Authors: Garcia-Perez Luis , Grau-Climent Juan , Losada Juan C. , Alonso-Sanz Ramon
Published: July 2024

A sequential common-pool resource game with variable elastic marginal profit is studied in this work both analytically and through numerical simulation. The game is studied in both classic and quantum approaches considering symmetric and asymmetric costs. In the classic approach, it is shown how the increase in the level of inelasticity in the model boosts the leader advantage in the perfect equilibrium solution as well as contributes to the depletion of the resource. The quantum approach enables the emergence of the symmetric Pareto optimal solution when the entanglement increases. Furthermore, for high values of the factor of entanglement, the Pareto solution is reached regardless of the level of elasticity of the game. These results are applicable to the model with symmetric and asymmetric costs.
Numerical study of transient diffusion behavior of SF6 and He in a nuclear power plant condenser
Authors: Zu Shuai , Che Yinhui , Qing Chen , Yang Xi
Published: July 2024

When leakage occurs in the titanium tubes of a nuclear power plant condenser, the ability to quickly and accurately locate the position of the leaking tubes holds significant importance for the safe and stable operation of the condenser. SF6 and He are commonly used tracer gases for pinpointing the location of leaking titanium tubes in large condensers. In order to investigate the diffusion behavior of these two different tracer gases in the condenser of a nuclear power unit, a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the condenser was established based on the porous media. Concentration distribution characteristics and diffusion rate differences of SF6 and He inside the condenser are analyzed through transient analyses. The results indicate that the amount of tracer gas leakage significantly influences the time it takes for the tracer gas to diffuse to the suction port, and the location of tracer gas leakage has a significant impact on the concentration distribution pattern at the suction port. He exhibits a faster diffusion rate compared to SF6. When a leak occurs at location 1 of the B4 module with a leak rate of 0.007 kg/s, the mass concentration of He peaks at the suction port of the A3 module after ∼2.2 s, whereas the mass concentration of SF6 reaches its maximum at the suction port of the A3 module after around 9.5 s.
Valley-dependent quasi-ballistic electron transport in FETs based on multi-valley semiconductors
Authors: Yelisieiev M. , Kochelap V. A.
Published: July 2024

We study quasi-ballistic transport in field effect transistors (FETs) with the conductive channels containing several groups of the carriers. These groups are considered independent in the sense of the absence of inter-group exchange, but their dynamics is strongly coupled through collective electrostatic potential. In particular, for FETs based on multi-valley semiconductors, we show that the quasi-ballistic transport is significantly valley-dependent and the currents induce valley polarization with peculiar spatial distributions of the carriers for every valley. In turn, the valley polarization affects the currents and voltage distributions in the FET channels. The importance of the valley-dependent effects is illustrated for different examples of Si-based FETs and AlAs-FETs. We suggest that the disclosed valley polarization by the current in FETs can be also used in the emerging discipline of valleytronics.
A new device to reduce mammal predation on reptiles in pitfall traps
Authors: Stiglingh Andrea D. , Moseby Katherine E. , Neave Georgina , Beerkens Nathan , Tuft Katherine
Published: July 2024

Context Many vertebrate studies report predation from pit co-occupants as a source of mortality during pitfall surveys. Aims This study aims to assess the use of false-floors in pitfall traps to reduce the opportunistic predation of small reptiles by small mammals caught within the same pit. Methods Small-vertebrate surveys were conducted using pitfall traps in an arid landscape from 1998 to 2021. Between 2018 and 2021, wooden false-floors with 2 cm notches in their sides were placed inside pitfall traps to reduce the amount of reptile predation caused by small mammals co-occupying the same pit. The position of captured individuals, relative to the false-floor, were used to assess the capacity of false-floors to create an effective barrier between captured reptiles and mammals. Key results During the false-floor trial period (2018–2021), Pseudomys australis and Notomys alexis were identified as the key mammal species opportunistically predating on captured reptiles, collectively accounting for 54% of reptile predation incidents. Most of the N. alexis and P. australis captures were found above false-floors (92 and 70% of captures respectively), indicating that they were generally not able to access the prey refuge beneath. Reptile mortality from small mammal predation was significantly lower in pitfalls with false-floors (15% of reptile-mammal co-occupancy incidents) than in those without (60% of co-occupancy incidents). However, false-floors did not prevent all predation events because some mammals were able to access the compartment underneath the false-floors. Conclusions The false-floors provided an effective barrier between small reptiles and key mammal species caught in the same pit and reduced occurrences of small reptile predation. Implications False-floors can effectively be used as a tool to reduce reptile mortality during pitfall surveys. However, they also increased the time taken to set and check traps and we therefore suggest their use only during times of high mammal abundances, when the abundance of large rodents is high. The efficacy of false-floors at any particular site may be improved by trialling different-sized notches and construction materials.
The RNA binding protein Arid5a drives IL-17–dependent autoantibody-induced glomerulonephritis
Authors: Li Yang , Vyas Shachi P. , Mehta Isha , Asada Nariaki , Dey Ipsita , Taylor Tiffany C. , Bechara Rami , Amatya Nilesh , Aggor Felix E.Y. , Coleman Bianca M. , Li De-Dong , Yamamoto Kenta , Ezenwa Ogechukwu , Sun Yeque , Sterneck Esta , McManus C. Joel , Panzer Ulf , Biswas Partha S. , Savan Ram , Das Jishnu , Gaffen Sarah L.
Published: July 2024

Autoantibody-mediated glomerulonephritis (AGN) arises from dysregulated renal inflammation, with urgent need for improved treatments. IL-17 is implicated in AGN and drives pathology in a kidney-intrinsic manner via renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Nonetheless, downstream signaling mechanisms provoking kidney pathology are poorly understood. A noncanonical RNA binding protein (RBP), Arid5a, was upregulated in human and mouse AGN. Arid5a−/− mice were refractory to AGN, with attenuated myeloid infiltration and impaired expression of IL-17–dependent cytokines and transcription factors (C/EBPβ, C/EBPδ). Transcriptome-wide RIP-Seq revealed that Arid5a inducibly interacts with conventional IL-17 target mRNAs, including CEBPB and CEBPD. Unexpectedly, many Arid5a RNA targets corresponded to translational regulation and RNA processing pathways, including rRNAs. Indeed, global protein synthesis was repressed in Arid5a-deficient cells, and C/EBPs were controlled at the level of protein rather than RNA accumulation. IL-17 prompted Arid5a nuclear export and association with 18S rRNA, a 40S ribosome constituent. Accordingly, IL-17–dependent renal autoimmunity is driven by Arid5a at the level of ribosome interactions and translation.
Mixed localized waves and their interaction structures for a spatial discrete Hirota equation
Authors: Yang Jun , Chang Yueya , Wen Lili
Published: July 2024

Mixed localized wave solutions and interactions are of great significance in nonlinear physical systems. This paper aims to investigating the generalized (m,N-m)-fold Darboux transformation and the mixed localized wave solutions of a spatial discrete Hirota equation. First, we construct the generalized (m,N-m)-fold Darboux transformation for the spatial discrete Hirota equation, which can produce the interactions between the breathers, degenerate breathers and rogue waves. For the Darboux transformation formula, we discuss the above order-1,2,3 localized wave solutions, as well as their dynamics by choosing the number of m = 1. We plot some specific examples such as the spatial (time)-periodic breather, second-order and third-order degenerate breathers and higher-order rogue waves with novel patterns. Furthermore, when m > 1, we give several kinds of mixed interaction solutions between the first-order rogue waves and first (second)-order (degenerate) breathers, between the first-order breather and second-order degenerate breathers, between second-order rogue waves and first-order breathers. At last, we also sum up the various mathematical features of the degenerate breathers and the mixed localized wave solutions.
Predicting cognitive load with EEG using Riemannian geometry-based features
Authors: Kremer Iris , Halimi Wissam , Walshe Andy , Cerf Moran , Mainar Pablo
Published: July 2024

Objective. We show that electroencephalography (EEG)-based cognitive load (CL) prediction using Riemannian geometry features outperforms existing models. The performance is estimated using Riemannian Procrustes Analysis (RPA) with a test set of subjects unseen during training. Approach. Performance is evaluated by using the Minimum Distance to Riemannian Mean model trained on CL classification. The baseline performance is established using spatial covariance matrices of the signal as features. Various novel features are explored and analyzed in depth, including spatial covariance and correlation matrices computed on the EEG signal and its first-order derivative. Furthermore, each RPA step effect on the performance is investigated, and the generalization performance of RPA is compared against a few different generalization methods. Main results. Performances are greatly improved by using the spatial covariance matrix of the first-order derivative of the signal as features. Furthermore, this work highlights both the importance and efficiency of RPA for CL prediction: it achieves good generalizability with little amounts of calibration data and largely outperforms all the comparison methods. Significance. CL prediction using RPA for generalizability across subjects is an approach worth exploring further, especially for real-world applications where calibration time is limited. Furthermore, the feature exploration uncovers new, promising features that can be used and further experimented within any Riemannian geometry setting.
Diffusion dynamics of an overdamped active ellipsoidal Brownian particle in two dimensions
Authors: Mandal Sudipta , Ghosh Anirban
Published: July 2024

Shape asymmetry is the most abundant in nature and has attracted considerable interest in recent research. The phenomenon is widely recognized: a free ellipsoidal Brownian particle displays anisotropic diffusion during short time intervals, which subsequently transitions to an isotropic diffusion pattern over longer timescales. We have further expanded this concept to incorporate active ellipsoidal particles characterized by an initial self-propelled velocity. This paper provides analytical and simulation results of diffusion dynamics of an active ellipsoidal particle. The active ellipsoidal particle manifests three distinct regimes in its diffusion dynamics over time. In the transient regime, it displays diffusive behavior followed by a super-diffusive phase, and in the longer time duration, it transitions to purely diffusive dynamics. We investigated the diffusion dynamics of a free particle as well as a particle in a harmonic trap, and a particle subject to a constant field force. Moreover, we have studied the rotational diffusion dynamics and torque production resulting from an external constant force field. Furthermore, our investigation extends to the examination of the scaled average velocity of an ellipsoidal active particle, considering both a constant force field and a one-dimensional ratchet.