bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[18F]PSMA-1007 PET for biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer, a comparison with [18F]Fluciclovine
Authors: Loeff Cato C. , van Gemert Willemijn , Privé Bastiaan M. , van Oort Inge M. , Hermsen Rick , Somford Diederik M. , Nagarajah James , Heijmen Linda , Janssen Marcel J. R.
Published: November 2024

Aim

The objective of this study was to compare the detection rates of [18F]PSMA-1007 and [18F]Fluciclovine in early biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, i.e. with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (0.2–5.0 µg/L).

Methods

This was a prospective, single-center (Radboudumc; Nijmegen, The Netherlands), comparative phase II diagnostic imaging study (NCT04239742). The main inclusion criteria were histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the prostate, BCR after radical treatment with two consecutive (rising) PSA values (0.2–5.0 µg/L). Patients underwent both [18F]PSMA-1007 PET/CT and [18F]Fluciclovine PET/CT within two weeks. Both scans were blindly scored by three independent nuclear medicine physicians. Hereafter, a result per scan and region was generated by consensus. The primary outcome was to compare the detection rate on a patient and region level. Secondary objectives were to determine detection rate stratified for PSA value, inter-reader agreement, and SUV measurements. For lesion confirmation a composite reference score was established using follow-up data.

Results

Data of fifty patients were included, median age of 71 (IQR: 67–74) years and median PSA value of 0.38 (IQR: 0.30–1.55) µg/L. Detection rates were 68% (34/50) for [18F]PSMA-1007 and 42% (21/50) for [18F]Fluciclovine on a patient level (p < 0.001). Detection rates stratified for PSA value of [18F]PSMA-1007 in comparison with [18F]Fluciclovine were for PSA 0.2–0.5 µg/L; 60.7% versus 25.0% (p = 0.002); and for PSA ≥ 0.5 µg/L; 77.3% versus 63.6% (p = 0.250). There was a trend for higher inter-reader agreement with [18F]PSMA-1007. SUVmax (p < 0.001) was significantly higher for [18F]PSMA-1007 in comparison to [18F]Fluciclovine.

Conclusion

In patients with early BCR of prostate cancer after radical surgery or radiotherapy, [18F]PSMA-1007 demonstrated a significantly higher detection rate than [18F]Fluciclovine. This is particularly relevant since earlier and more accurate detection of a BCR can guide salvage therapy into a tailored strategy which may improve outcomes.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT 04239742. Registered 02 January 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04239742.
A comparative survey study of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards medical ethics among surgical and non-surgical physicians
Authors: Khalifa Heba K. , Wahdan Amira A. , Soliman Moataz Y. , Sobeeh Fatma G.
Published: November 2024

Background

Medical ethics is the ethical branch that deals with moral concerns through the application of certain standards and principles in medical practice. With the vast development in medical and surgical practice, a lot of ethical issues arose. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare physicians from surgical and non-surgical departments (303 and 243 physicians respectively) regarding their knowledge, practice, and attitude toward medical ethics. It was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, using both online and printed questionnaires that included socio-demographic data, subscales designed to evaluate knowledge (15 questions), attitude and practice (15 more questions) about medical ethics. Descriptive statistics were performed to assess the relations between different study variables.

Results

A total of 546 participants completed the questionnaire, with 55.5% from non-surgical departments and 44.5% from surgical departments. The demographic analysis revealed no statistically significant differences. The results of the study showed that the non-surgical group exhibited higher levels of knowledge compared to the surgical group. The non-surgical group demonstrated higher compliance with ethical practices compared to the surgical group. Logistic regression analysis confirmed the association between specialty and knowledge/practice levels, with higher qualifications and professional positions correlating with better knowledge and practice.

Conclusion

This study highlights the variations in knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical ethics among physicians in non-surgical and surgical departments. Further efforts are required to enhance ethical education and promote consistent ethical practices.
Antigenicity evaluation of lac color and exploratory study for identifying potential biomarkers of anaphylaxis
Authors: Lim Hyun-Jin , Han Kang Min , Kim Seung-Hyun , Ryu Soo-Kyung , You Ji-Ran , Yoon Jung-Hee , Kwon Euna , Kim Ji-Eun , Kang Byeong-Cheol
Published: November 2024

Background

Lac color, a natural red dye derived from the larvae of laccifer lacca kerr, is one of the most commonly used substances in food. To date, no studies have reported on the antigenicity of lac color and the other biomarkers that can determine anaphylactic reactions. To address this, we evaluated the antigenicity of lac color through active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) in addition to identifying potential biomarkers performing exploratory studies. For ASA test, Guinea pigs (n = 5) were sensitized with 0(negative control), 4 mg/kg of lac color, 4 mg/kg of lac color + FCA, and 5 mg/kg of ovalbumin + FCA (positive control) 3 times a week for three weeks. Fourteen days after the last sensitization, animals were challenged intravenously weekly for two weeks. Hematological and histopathological analyses were performed and compared to control groups.

Results

In the ASA test, all lac color groups showed mild symptoms such as nose rubbing, urination, and evacuation, which are insufficient indicators of anaphylaxis. Exploratory studies identified several biomarkers: decreased platelet count, and increased basophil count; distention in the lung, and redness on the inner wall of trachea; mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration (MICI) in the ear, and heart hemorrhage. When these biomarkers were applied to the ASA test of lac color, in comparison to the negative control group, the positive control group (ovalbumin + FCA) showed a significant over 60-fold reduction in platelet count and nearly threefold higher basophil count compared to other groups. Furthermore, only positive control group exhibited full lung distention and severe redness on the inner wall of the trachea. Mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration (MICI) in the ear was about three times higher, and heart hemorrhage was only present in the positive control group compared to others. None of the lac color groups were different from the negative control group (p > 0.05), whereas the positive control group was significantly different (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our study concludes that lac color, at the tested concentrations, does not induce antigenicity in the guinea pig model, providing valuable safety data. Furthermore, the biomarkers identified in this study offer a supportive approach to evaluating the immunogenicity of substances in future research.
Severe bronchiolitis before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective database analysis by the Italian Network of PICU study group (TIPNet)
Authors: Izzo Francesca , Comoretto Rosanna I. , Amigoni Angela , Daverio Marco , Zoia Elena , Diotto Veronica , Sacco Francesco , Nettuno Claudio , Tessari Anna , Picconi Enzo , Mondardini Maria Cristina , Bregant Gaia Milvia , Wolfler Andrea , Gregori Dario , Camporesi Anna
Published: November 2024

Background

The first post-COVID-19 pandemic year demonstrated an unusual bronchiolitis epidemic in both hemispheres and has been attributed to the removal of barriers implemented during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Several countries reported an increase in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, with more hospitalizations and a greater need for respiratory support. We aimed to evaluate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the epidemiology and management of severe bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Italy.

Methods

Multicenter, retrospective, cohort database analysis. All children younger than 24 months admitted to 7 PICUs from October 2017 to April 2023 diagnosed with bronchiolitis were included. We compared patients from pre-COVID and post-COVID eras, excluding patients from the 2020–2021 season due to low numbers. Logistic regression models were used to assess the impact of the pre-/post-COVID period on the need for invasive ventilation.

Results

Seven hundred fifteen patients were admitted to PICU during the study period, 451 patients pre-COVID and 251 patients post-COVID. Patients in the post-COVID group were older, had more comorbidities, and had higher Pediatric Index of Mortality scores at admission but the need for respiratory support was not significantly different. There was high variability in bronchiolitis management across centers. Presenting pre-COVID was protective against the risk of mechanical ventilation, adjusted for age and disease severity at admission (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.89), while RSV infection increased the risk of intubation (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.1–5.63).

Conclusions

PICUs have faced an unexpected peak of significantly more severe cases of bronchiolitis after the COVID-19 pandemic, which did not require increased respiratory support.
Equitable access to sustainable healthcare services for children with autism
Authors: Sultan Meshal A.
Published: November 2024

This perspective article addresses the critical issue of equitable access to sustainable healthcare services for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Despite the increasing prevalence of ASD globally, significant disparities persist in accessing appropriate healthcare services. The lack of comprehensive data on autism prevalence and incidence in many regions further exacerbates this challenge, hindering the development of targeted interventions and equitable resource allocation. This paper sheds light on barriers to equitable access, including geographical disparities, cultural stigma, communication barriers and inadequate training of healthcare providers. Strategies for achieving sustainable solutions are proposed, including the expansion of telehealth services, financial assistance programmes, competency training, community-based support programmes and investment in high-quality research. By addressing these challenges and implementing evidence-based interventions, we can work towards ensuring that all children with autism have access to the healthcare services they need for optimal development and well-being.
Oxytocin Receptor Polymorphism Is Associated With Sleep Apnea Symptoms
Authors: Goto Hisanori , Yamamoto Yasuhiko , Tsujiguchi Hiromasa , Sato Takehiro , Yamamoto Reina , Takeshita Yumie , Nakano Yujiro , Kannon Takayuki , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Suzuki Keita , Nakamura Masaharu , Kambayashi Yasuhiro , Zhao Jiaye , Asai Atsushi , Katano Koji , Ogawa Aya , Fukushima Shinobu , Shibata Aki , Suzuki Fumihiko , Tsuboi Hirohito , Hara Akinori , Kometani Mitsuhiro , Karashima Shigehiro , Yoneda Takashi , Tajima Atsushi , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Takamura Toshinari
Published: November 2024

Context

Oxytocin supplementation improves obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and animal studies suggest involvement of oxytocin in respiratory control. However, the relationship between endogenous oxytocin signaling and human sleep status remains undetermined.

Objective

In this study, we approached the contribution of the intrinsic oxytocin-oxytocin receptor (OXTR) system to OSA by genetic association analysis.

Methods

We analyzed the relationship between OXTR gene polymorphisms and sleep parameters using questionnaire data and sleep measurements in 305 Japanese participants. OSA symptoms were assessed in 225 of these individuals.

Results

The OXTR rs2254298 A allele was more frequent in those with OSA symptoms than in those without (P = .0087). Although total scores on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire did not differ between the genotypes, breathlessness and snoring symptoms associated with OSA were significantly more frequent in individuals with rs2254298 A genotype (P = .00045 and P = .0089 for recessive models, respectively) than the G genotype. A multivariable analysis confirmed these genotype-phenotype associations even after adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index in a sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, objective sleep efficiency measured by actigraph was not significantly different between genotypes; however, subjective sleep efficiency was significantly lower in the rs2254298 A genotype (P = .013) compared with the G genotype. The frequency of the A allele is higher in East Asians, which may contribute to their lean OSA phenotype.

Conclusion

The OXTR gene may contribute to OSA symptoms via the respiratory control system, although it could be in linkage disequilibrium with a true causal gene.
Which Degree for Which Occupation? Vertical and Horizontal Mismatch Among Immigrants, Their Children, and Grandchildren in France
Authors: Weber Rosa , Ferry Mathieu , Ichou Mathieu
Published: November 2024

Prior research has found that immigrants are often overeducated: their educational attainment is higher than required or commonly observed in their occupation. Yet, less is known about the education–occupation mismatch among immigrants’ children and grandchildren (the second and third generations). Using the French Trajectories and Origins 2 (TeO2, 2019–2020) survey, we test theoretically grounded hypotheses on the level of vertical (educational attainment) and horizontal (field of study) mismatch in the first, second, and third generations as well as on the mechanisms underlying the mismatch. Results indicate that vertical mismatch is substantially lower in the second and third generations than in the first, supporting the hypothesis that vertical mismatch is largely the result of imperfect international transferability of credentials. By contrast, higher levels of horizontal mismatch persist in the second and third generations among men of non-European descent. Differences in horizontal mismatch between immigrants’ and natives’ descendants are largely accounted for by initial sorting into fields of study.
Feeding a rich diet supplemented with the translation inhibitor cycloheximide decreases lifespan and ovary size in Drosophila
Authors: Hwang Hye Jin , Cox Rachel T.
Published: November 2024

Drosophila oogenesis has long been an important model for understanding myriad cellular processes controlling development, RNA biology and patterning. Flies are easily fed drugs to disrupt various molecular pathways. However, this is often done under poor nutrient conditions that adversely affect oogenesis, thus making analysis challenging. Cycloheximide is a widely used compound that binds to and stalls the ribosome, therefore reducing protein synthesis. As egg production is a highly nutrient-dependent process, we developed a method to feed female Drosophila a rich diet of yeast paste supplemented with cycloheximide to better determine the effect of cycloheximide treatment on oogenesis. We found that flies readily consumed cycloheximide-supplemented yeast paste. Males and females had reduced lifespans when maintained on cycloheximide, with males exhibiting a dose-dependent decrease. Although females did not exhibit decreased egg laying, their ovaries were smaller and the number of progeny reduced, indicating substandard egg quality. Finally, females fed cycloheximide had disrupted oogenesis, with smaller ovaries, missing ovariole stages, and an increase in apoptotic follicles. Together, these data support that reduced protein synthesis adversely affects oogenesis with a rich diet that provides optimal nutrient conditions. In addition, this method could be used more broadly to test the effect of other drugs on Drosophila oogenesis without the confounding effects caused by poor nutrition.
An Organoid Model for the Therapeutic Effect of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Duo , Chen Zexin , Deng Weihao , Lan Jianqiang , Zhu Yu , Wang Huaiming , Xu Xing , Zhang Yuanxin , Wu Xiangwei , Yang Keli , Cai Jian
Published: November 2024

Background

Consensus regarding the hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for colorectal cancer (CRC) regimen remains elusive. In this study, patient-derived tumor organoids from CRC were utilized as a preclinical model for in vitro drug testing of HIPEC regimens commonly used in clinical practice. This approach was used to facilitate the clinical formulation of HIPEC.

Method

Tumor tissues and corresponding clinical data were obtained from patients diagnosed with CRC at the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Qualified samples were cultured and passaged. We aimed to assess the sensitivity of in vitro hyperthermic perfusion using five different regimens, i.e. mitomycin C, mitomycin C combined with cisplatin, mitomycin C combined with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil.

Results

Tumor organoids obtained from 46 patients with CRC were cultured, and in vitro hyperthermic perfusion experiments were conducted on 42 organoids using five different regimens. The average inhibition rate of mitomycin C was 85.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80.4–89.9%), mitomycin C combined with cisplatin was 85.5% (95% CI 80.2–90.7%), mitomycin C combined with 5-fluorouracil was 65.6% (95% CI 59.6–71.6%), oxaliplatin was 37.9% (95% CI 31.5–44.3%), and oxaliplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil was 40.7% (95% CI 33.9–47.5%).

Conclusion

In vitro hyperthermic perfusion demonstrates that the inhibition rate of mitomycin C, both alone and in combination with cisplatin, surpasses that of the combination of mitomycin C with 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin. In clinical practice, the combination of mitomycin C and cisplatin can be regarded as the optimal choice for HIPEC in CRC.
Comparing Step Counting Algorithms for High-Resolution Wrist Accelerometry Data in NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Koffman Lily , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Muschelli John
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To quantify the relative performance of step counting algorithms in studies that collect free-living high-resolution wrist accelerometry data and to highlight the implications of using these algorithms in translational research.

Methods

Five step counting algorithms (four open source and one proprietary) were applied to the publicly available, free-living, high-resolution wrist accelerometry data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2011-2014. The mean daily total step counts were compared in terms of correlation, predictive performance, and estimated hazard ratios of mortality.

Results

The estimated number of steps were highly correlated (median = 0.91, range 0.77 to 0.98), had high and comparable predictive performance of mortality (median concordance = 0.72, range 0.70 to 0.73). The distributions of the number of steps in the population varied widely (mean step counts range from 2,453 to 12,169). Hazard ratios of mortality associated with a 500-step increase per day varied among step counting algorithms between HR = 0.88 and 0.96, corresponding to a 300% difference in mortality risk reduction ([1 − 0.88]/[1 − 0.96] = 3).

Conclusions

Different step counting algorithms provide correlated step estimates and have similar predictive performance that is better than traditional predictors of mortality. However, they provide widely different distributions of step counts and estimated reductions in mortality risk for a 500-step increase.
Efficacy of Lycium barbarum (Goji berry) mouthwash for managing periodontitis: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sanghavi Amee , Shettigar Laasya , Chopra Aditi , Shah Ashmeet , Lobo Richard , Shenoy Padmaja A , Gadag ShivaPrasada , Nayak Usha Y , Shravya S Mangalore , Kamath Shobha Ullas , Nayak Prajna P
Published: November 2024

Background Removal of the microbial deposits (plaque and calculus) by performing effective scaling and root planing (SRP) is the fundamental step for managing periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis). Various adjuncts in the form of mouthwash, gels, and toothpaste are also being used as adjuncts to SRP for managing periodontitis. Recently, Lycium barbarum (L. barbarum), commonly known as goji berry or wolfberry, has gained popularity for managing chronic inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, its efficacy in managing periodontitis has never been explored. Hence the present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of goji berry mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash for managing periodontitis. Methods 60 adult participants were divided randomly using computer-generated random sequences into two groups (case group: L. barbarum mouthwash (Males: 16; Female: 14); control group: 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash (Males: 14; Females: 16)). The changes in the gingival index (Gi), plaque index (Pi), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), probing pocket depth (PPD), microbial load, and antioxidant levels (protein thiol) in saliva were noted at the baseline, at 15 days and one month. Results A significant reduction in the mean PPD, Pi, BOP, and Gi was seen from baseline to one month in both the control (P-value=0.006, 0.027, 0.000, and 0.036 respectively) and test groups (P-value=0.035, 0.000, 0.034, and 0.000 respectively). However, the antioxidant levels (protein thiol) in saliva were significantly increased only in the test group. Conclusion Goji berry mouthwash along with SRP reduced the Gi, Pi, BOP, and PPD in patients with periodontitis. However, no statistically significant difference was noted between the use of goji berry and chlorhexidine mouthwash. Goji berry mouthwash was more effective than chlorhexidine in increasing the antioxidant levels in saliva.
Quantification of hepatitis B viral load in patients attending healthcare facilities in Gezira state, Sudan
Authors: Zakaria Altayib , Eltaib Hadia , Elsanousi Yasir
Published: November 2024

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant global health challenge particularly in developing countries and regions. Gezira State, Sudan where prevalence and disease burden are high is an example of such regions. This study aimed to quantify HBV viral load among patients in Gezira State and assess the distribution of viral loads across demographic groups, including gender and age. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and January 2023. Randomly selected 100 chronic HBV patients were enrolled from major healthcare facilities in Wad Medani, Gezira’s capital. Viral loads were measured using real-time PCR, and statistical analyses were performed to identify predictors of high viral load. Results The results revealed that the mean HBV viral load was 886,363 IU/ml (SD± 421,295), with a significantly higher mean in males (1,122,899 IU/ml) compared to females (531,559 IU/ml) (p< 0.0001). Viral loads ranged from 15 IU/ml to 35,474,488 IU/ml, with 37% of patients exceeding the WHO-recommended treatment threshold of 2,000 IU/ml. However, no significant association was found between viral load and age (p=0.939). Conclusion The study highlighted the need for gender-specific management strategies and the importance of HBV viral load quantification for effective public health intervention in Gezira State. Further research is recommended to explore HBV epidemiology in Sudan more comprehensively.
Therapeutic drug monitoring for antimicrobial agents for people living with HIV (TAP)
Authors: Sekaggya-Wiltshire Christine , Agnes Laker Odongpiny Eva , Williams Ojara Francis , Kyohairwe Isabella , Kiggundu Reuben , Mackline Hope , Waitt Catriona , N Kawuma Aida , Buzibye Allan , Owarwo Noela , Kakooza Francis , Kambugu Andrew
Published: November 2024

Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health concern, particularly in Africa, and is predicted to be the leading cause of death after cancer by 2050. Factors like overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics, contribute to this crisis. People living with HIV (PLWH) are particularly vulnerable to AMR with potential drug-drug interactions between antiretroviral and antimicrobial agents against common organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. There is limited data on the concentrations of commonly used antimicrobial agents in people living with HIV in resource-limited settings. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) offers a promising approach to optimize antibiotic dosing and improve treatment outcomes for those with sub-optimal drug concentrations. TDM has been recommended for PLWH on anti-tuberculosis treatment due to sub-optimal drug concentrations found in a significant proportion of those with TB. Objectives The main objectives of this study are to determine the concentrations of selected antimicrobial agents in people living with HIV requiring antimicrobial therapy and to assess the utility of therapeutic drug monitoring in achieving therapeutic targets for PLWH receiving rifampicin and isoniazid for the treatment of tuberculosis Methods This prospective observational study will enroll adult PLWH receiving amoxicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, isoniazid, or ceftriaxone. Concentrations of these antibiotics will be measured locally using validated liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. TDM with dose adjustment will be performed in a subset of participants on TB treatment. Pharmacokinetic parameters will be estimated using non-linear mixed effects models. Results This study was reviewed and approved by the research and ethics committee in February 2024. Enrolment is projected to begin by August 2024. Conclusions We anticipate that the findings from this research will characterize pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics relationships to predict treatment response for optimal antimicrobial therapeutic and anti-tuberculosis dosing among people living with HIV (PLWH). Clinical registration The study is registered with Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, registration number PACTR202409710100607, registration date 07 August 2024, pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=31764
Efficacy of yoga-breath linked intervention to stop smoking (Y-BLISS) in reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day among smokers attempting to reduce or quit: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shekar MV Chandra , Bhargav Hemant , Holla Bharath , Mahadevan Jayant , Singh Amit , Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Katla Naresh , Snigdha Atmakur , S Komal , Maheswari E
Published: November 2024

Background The proposed research aims to test the effects of a two-month yoga-breath linked intervention to stop smoking (Y-BLISS) as an add-on to standard treatment in tobacco use disorder (TUD; in the form of cigarette smoking) by conducting a randomized controlled study with the following primary outcome variable: number of cigarettes smoked per day. Secondary outcome variables are motivation to stop smoking, craving, dependence severity, lung capacity, and exhaled carbon-monoxide. In this single-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-group superiority trial with 1:1 allocation ratio, 100 patients with TUD availing the outpatient/ inpatient clinical services at a tertiary mental healthcare hospital in India will be enrolled after giving informed consent. Consecutive consenting patients will be randomly allotted to one of the two groups – yoga arm (Y-bliss arm), or desktop exercise arm (D-exercise arm). Allocation concealment will be followed, the clinicians, outcome assessors and data analysts will remain blind to subject-group allocation. A validated and standardized 12-minute yoga program (Y-BLISS) for TUD will be used as an intervention. The control group will receive an equivalent 12-minute desktop exercise module. Participants in respective arms will receive 40 online supervised sessions over 8 weeks, 5 sessions per week in the mornings as they will be asked to practice the same on sos basis whenever they feel cravings for cigarette smoking. Assessments will be done at baseline, 4th week and 8thweek. Data from all randomized subjects will be analyzed using intent-to-treat analysis and mixed model multivariate analysis. Dissemination Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations, and social media. Trial registration number The trial has been registered under Clinical Trials Registry India (CTRI) with the registration number: CTRI/2022/12/048117, date of registration: 14th December 2022.
Box fresh
Authors: McClean Andrew
Published: November 2024

A dozen eyewear brands showcased innovations in design, sustainability and technology at the Opti Boxes area during the exhibition in Munich on May 13-15. Andrew McClean speaks to some of the brands
Correlation of cross-linking as measured by the trans-vinylene index and in vitro wear of polyethylene from various acetabular liner brands
Authors: Wahl Peter , Heuberger Roman , Pascucci Andrea , Imwinkelried Thomas , Fürstner Markus , Icken Niels , Schläppi Michel , Pourzal Robin , Gautier Emanuel
Published: November 2024

Aims

Highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) greatly reduces wear in total hip arthroplasty, compared to conventional polyethylene (CPE). Cross-linking is commonly achieved by irradiation. This study aimed to compare the degree of cross-linking and in vitro wear rates across a cohort of retrieved and unused polyethylene cups/liners from various brands.

Methods

Polyethylene acetabular cups/liners were collected at one centre from 1 April 2021 to 30 April 2022. The trans-vinylene index (TVI) and oxidation index (OI) were determined by Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry. Wear was measured using a pin-on-disk test.

Results

A total of 47 specimens from ten brands were included. The TVI was independent of time in vivo. A linear correlation (R2 = 0.995) was observed between the old and current TVI standards, except for vitamin E-containing polyethylene. The absorbed irradiation dose calculated from the TVI corresponded to product specifications for all but two products. For one electron beam-irradiated HXLPE, a mean dose of 241% (SD 18%) of specifications was determined. For another, gamma-irradiated HXLPE, a mean 41% (SD 13%) of specifications was determined. Lower wear was observed for higher TVI.

Conclusion

The TVI is a reliable measure of the absorbed irradiation dose and does not alter over time in vivo. The products of various brands differ by manufacturing details and consequently cross-linking characteristics. Absorption and penetration of electron radiation and gamma radiation differ, potentially leading to higher degrees of cross-linking for electron radiation. There is a non-linear, inverse correlation between TVI and in vitro wear. The wear resistance of the HXLPE with low TVI was reduced and more comparable to CPE.

Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2024;13(11):682–693.
Feminist identity is associated with positive COVID-19 vaccine behaviors and beliefs
Authors: Horsting Trudy , Ramirez Mark D. , Wood Reed M.
Published: November 2024

In this article, we consider the potential associations between feminist identity and willingness to adopt vaccine-related COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Recognizing that individuals’ pandemic experiences were highly gendered and that the costs of the pandemic were distributed asymmetrically between men and women, we theorize that individuals espousing a commitment to feminist ideals were more likely to adopt behaviors intended to mitigate disease risk during the pandemic. We empirically validate our hypotheses by analyzing data from a large, nationally representative multi-wave survey of US respondents deployed in early 2022. The results of these analyses suggest that feminist identity is associated with beliefs and behaviors relating to a range of COVID-19 vaccination mitigation efforts. Notably, this relationship holds for both women and men, highlighting the role of identity independent of sex. Thus, identity-based public health policies might be one means to overcome public skepticism during future pandemics.
Holistic Development Toward Effective Citizenship as a College Outcome: The Example of ROTC
Authors: Pifer Meghan J. , Buckley Jessica B.
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Despite its presence on many colleges and universities and substantial financial investment in higher education, very little research has explored whether and how participation in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) shapes college students' experiences and development. Using data from interviews with 20 cadets in one U.S. Army ROTC battalion, we applied Baxter Magolda and King's theoretical consideration of effective citizenship to the study of the holistic development outcomes of ROTC participation. Study findings suggest that ROTC is a campus environment that promotes students' development toward effective citizenship. Findings offer insight into lessons learned from a postsecondary sub-context that supports holistic development and enhanced understanding of a nationally present yet underexplored population and program in higher education. Findings also lead to practical suggestions for promoting positive outcomes for ROTC cadets and college students more generally, as well as areas for further research.
Ottoman Jewish Feminism in Print and Practice: The Paradoxical Life and Ideas of Graziella Benghiat
Authors: Cohen Julia Phillips
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Few traces remain of the life and work of the Ottoman Jewish author and thinker Graziella Benghiat. Though she served as a contributor to and, later, editor of different journals in late Ottoman Izmir, most of her writing appears to have been lost in the turbulent period of nearly uninterrupted war that ravaged the region between 1912 and 1922. The words of a speech she gave in March 1913 as well as various personal details preserved by family members are among what is left. Viewed together, they present a picture of a life and body of thought that is difficult to pin down, characterized by paradoxes and perpetual motion.
Damage precursor detection in additively manufactured components with a multi-sensing and hybrid image fusion method
Authors: Zhou Xingyu , Peng Xing , Shi Feng , Qiao Shuo , Liu Haipeng
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology is pivotal in advancing aerospace manufacturing capabilities. Currently, multi-sensor damage precursor detection is a focal point of research aimed at identifying issues during the AM process. In this study, we developed a multi-source image acquisition system capable of simultaneously capturing both luminance and infrared intensity images, addressing critical challenges related to image quality and detection capability for damage precursors. By leveraging both visible and infrared imaging, we aim to detect a damage precursor that may elude single-sensor approaches. We propose a multi-sensor image fusion method, named NPP, which integrates the non-subsampled contourlet transform, principal component analysis, and pulse-coupled neural network frameworks to fuse visible and infrared optical image data for detecting damage precursors in complex environments. The performance of the fused images is compared and evaluated using various metrics. Experimental results indicate that our method excels in entropy information and achieves commendable results in edge strength, standard deviation, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity. Comparative experiments demonstrate that our approach effectively enhances information richness, image contrast, and edge definition while preserving essential information from the source images. This study offers a novel solution, to the best of our knowledge, for multi-sensor information fusion within AM processes, presenting a breakthrough that addresses limitations hindering the broader application of AM technology in high-end aerospace applications.
High-power 120  fs pulses at 1.23  GHz from a single-mode Er/Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Kadioglu Melih Kayra , Aslan Burak , Elahi Parviz
Published: November 2024

We present a compact single-mode erbium-doped master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) fiber laser that can directly produce 100 fs pulses at 2.2 W and 120 fs pulses at 4.5 W average power. The laser operates at 1.2 GHz pulse repetition rate, with a central wavelength at around 1550 nm. The laser system consists of a passively mode-locked oscillator with a repetition rate of 77.6 MHz and an average power of 16.3 mW. Using a repetition rate multiplier consisting of five 50/50 couplers, we achieved pulses with a repetition rate of 1.23 GHz. The output was increased to an approximately 4.5 W average, corresponding to about 3.6 nJ pulse energy using only one amplifier stage comprising a cladding pump 10/125 erbium-ytterbium (Er/Yb) co-doped gain fiber. We characterized the system by measuring the optical spectrum and intensity autocorrelation at different output powers, 1.5 W, 2 W, 2.2 W, 3 W, 4 W, and 4.5 W. Finally, we used numerical simulations to study the pulse and optical spectrum evolutions in the fiber, and investigated the output pulse and spectrum at different output powers. We achieved a very good agreement with experimental results, inferring the pulse dynamics and its power scaling limitations.
Multi-scale digital holographic reconstruction with deep learning
Authors: Wang Huaying , Li Qiwen , Wang Shuo , Men Gaofu
Published: November 2024

Aimed at the problems of complex operation and zero-order influence in the reconstruction of holograms of multi-scale and large objects, a hologram reconstruction method based on deep learning was proposed. The UHC-Net model combined with the ConvNeXt module and hierarchical polymerization HANC module was adopted as the network structure to achieve accurate reconstruction of holograms. Using analog holograms and actual digital holograms as mixed data sets for reconstruction experiments, the generalization of the network can be extended. The results show that the proposed method can improve the reconstruction speed while maintaining the resolution and accuracy of reconstructed images. The results of this study can be applied to the reconstruction of large-size holograms, and the network generalization ability can be improved by using an analog data set, which provides a useful reference for the application of digital holography detection and deep learning in optical imaging.
Low-noise tunable high-repetition-frequency fiber laser based on an active–passive hybrid mode-locking mechanism
Authors: Pan Renshun , Fu Yanwei , Xiao Peiyuan , Zhang Chenghao , Hao Shikun , Liu Zhi , Ma Wanzhuo
Published: November 2024

A hybrid mode-locked fiber laser that effectively combines the nonlinear polarization
rotation (NPR) effect and active mode locking is designed and
constructed. In the experiments, mode-locked pulse trains of first to
64th order with selectable harmonic mode locking, corresponding to
repetition rates from 16.09 MHz to 1.029 GHz, were
realized, and a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 69.45 dB at
1.029 GHz proved the excellent stability of the laser output.
The birefringence filter, consisting of a bias-preserving pigtail at
the input of the modulator and a polarization controller, allows the
laser to achieve a multi-wavelength output of up to eight channels.
The inclusion of an NPR structure in the cavity effectively improves
the SNR of the actively mode-locked harmonic pulses compared to a
single-mechanism mode-locked laser. The laser provides a stable light
source for the development of practical optical frequency combs.
Memory color study: effects of chromatic texture and 3D shape
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Xu Lihao
Published: November 2024

The memory colors of familiar objects have been the subject of extensive study and have been employed in a variety of fields, including imaging, lighting, and printing. The research conducted thus far on the effect of chromatic texture and 3D shapes on memory colors has yielded some results. However, fewer studies have compared differences in these visual effects, and no studies have investigated such effects in virtual 3D space, as far as we are aware. In this study, we investigated the impact of chromatic texture and 3D shape on the memory colors of 20 familiar objects through a series of color matching experiments. The experiments were conducted in two distinct settings: a liquid crystal display (LCD) and a virtual reality (VR) display. In both experiments, observers were instructed to adjust the color appearance of natural objects to their memories. The matching results were analyzed using the mean color difference from the mean (MCDM) and tolerance ellipses. The present results indicate that chromatic texture cues and 3D shape cues can effectively activate memory colors and reduce observer variability, suggesting that increasing the naturalness of stimulus presentation can result in a more accurate memory color.
SNSPD-based detector system for NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications project
Authors: Wollman Emma E. , Allmaras Jason P. , Beyer Andrew D. , Korzh Boris , Runyan Marc C. , Narváez Lautaro , Farr William H. , Marsili Francesco , Briggs Ryan M. , Miles Gregory J. , Shaw Matthew D.
Published: November 2024

We report on a free-space-coupled superconducting nanowire single-photon detector array developed for NASA’s Deep Space Optical Communications project (DSOC). The array serves as the downlink detector for DSOC’s primary ground receiver terminal located at Palomar Observatory’s 200-inch Hale Telescope. The 64-pixel WSi array comprises four quadrants of 16 co-wound pixels covering a 320-µm diameter active area and embedded in an optical stack. The detector system also includes cryogenic optics for filtering and focusing the downlink signal and electronics for biasing the array and amplifying the output pulses. The detector system exhibits a peak system detection efficiency of 76% at 1550 nm, a background-limited false count rate as low as 3.7 kcps across the array, a timing jitter less than 120 ps FWHM, and a maximum count rate of ∼1 Gcps.
Non-invasive in-situ monitoring of deep etching processes using terahertz metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Lingyun , Ouyang Chenguang , Wang Peng , Liu Hang , Wen Jinglei , Wang Chenzi , Ma Bo , Zhang Chi , Xing Fei , Zhao Jiahao , You Rui , Fan Kebin , Zhao Xiaoguang , You Zheng
Published: November 2024

This study presents an in-situ and non-invasive process control and monitoring (PCM) method for deep silicon etching, leveraging terahertz metasurfaces. The technique addresses the challenges for monitoring deep and high aspect ratio etching processes, which are prevalent in semiconductor microfabrication. By incorporating metasurfaces with identical geometric shapes and sizes as crucial components of targeted devices, the method enables accurate monitoring of the etching depth in the process. Continuous shifts of terahertz reflection spectra provide information on etching depth, while abrupt change in the curves highlights the etching endpoint, preventing over-etching. For the commonly used comb-finger structure, numerical simulations demonstrate a strong linear relationship between etching depth and terahertz resonant wavelengths (nonlinearity < 1%) and an abrupt resonant frequency change (> 0.6 THz) at the endpoint. Experimental validations confirm the accuracy of the PCM method, with an etching depth estimation error below 2 µm. This approach enhances the precision of PCM in microfabrication, offering the potential for widespread applications in the production of micromechanical sensors, actuators, and other microelectronic devices.
Realization of topological fast and slow light based on gradient sandwich structure
Authors: Zhang Hongxiang , Gao Jianjun , Xiong Dayuan
Published: November 2024

Topological photonics offers an attractive platform for the propagation of light with extremely high transmission and the enhancement of light-matter interaction, even in the presence of sharp corners and defects. Most topological structures are designed to support only one case of fast or slow light during frequency routing. However, this work simultaneously realized the high transmission of fast light and the rainbow trapped by slow light with gradient sandwich structure. With the shrinking perturbation index m increasing gradually, the proposed structure supports the trapping of light because the group velocity of transverse electric (TE) sandwich topological edge states can be slowed to near-zero areas, but the propagation of light because of its bulk bands overlapping the near-zero areas of transverse magnetic (TM) ones. Our work introduces a new approach to utilizing sandwich topological edge states for building multifunctional topological light optical devices.
Electro-optic tunable Bragg grating filters on hybrid silicon and lithium niobate thin films
Authors: Li Qingyun , Zhu Houbin , Hu Youtian , Yang Fan , Zang Zhenjun , Ou Jiale , Han Huangpu , Ruan Shuangchen , Han Peigang , Xiang Bingxi
Published: November 2024

The hybridization of mono-crystalline silicon and lithium niobate thin films (Si-LNOI) combines the remarkable electrical properties and mature micro-nano processing technologies of Si, as well as the excellent optical properties of LN, which provides a new material platform for integrated photonics. Bragg grating filter implemented by the sidewall modulation of nanowire waveguide could realize filtering function, and was widely used in optical communication systems. In this study, uniform and π-phase-shifted Bragg grating filters were designed, fabricated and characterized on Si-LNOI. For uniform Bragg grating filter, the measured extinction ratio (ER) could be as high as 29 dB. For the π-phase-shifted Bragg grating filter, a high normalized transmittance of 0.50, a high Q factor of 3.4 × 104, and a high ER of 20 dB were achieved. Additionally, effective electro-optic (E-O) modulation with a tuning efficiency of 16 pm/V was realized. This study provides a new solution for the new generation of integrated photonic devices with high density and low energy consumption.
Spectral sidebands of dissipative soliton in a positive fourth-order-dispersion fiber laser
Authors: Wu Zhong-Li , Liu Meng , Gao Yu-Xin , Zhang Ze-Xian , Luo Min , Hu Ying , Li Ti-Jian , Luo Ai-Ping , Xu Wen-Cheng , Luo Zhi-Chao
Published: November 2024

Recently, the dissipative soliton (DS) generation in the positive fourth-order-dispersion (FOD) fiber laser has been theoretically predicted, namely dissipative pure-quartic soliton (DPQS), featuring a higher energy-scaling ability compared to conventional DS dominated by positive group velocity dispersion. Here, we discover that the formation of spectral sidebands is always accompanying by the stabilized DPQS in the fiber laser, which is different from the conventional DS. Due to the combination of positive FOD and self-phase modulation, low- and high-frequency components are distributed at the leading and trailing edges of the pulse, forming the pedestals that propagate with it. In the frequency domain, these high- and low-frequency components of the spectrum provide the conditions necessary for the interference between dispersive waves and DPQS. Furthermore, the unique U-shaped phase curve of FOD results in densely distributed phase-matching frequencies, i.e., densely distributed sidebands. The characteristics of spectral sidebands are also numerically studied, which are well consistent with the experimental results. These findings enable a deeper understanding of DPQS and further optimize the performance of fiber lasers.
Enhancing phase sensitivity by a nonlinear-feedback-assisted interferometer
Authors: Jiao Gao-Feng
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear feedback utilizing nonlinear elements usually provides better performance in preparation and manipulation of quantum states compared to linear feedback using linear elements. In this work, by employing nonlinear feedback, we propose a nonlinear-feedback-assisted interferometer for quantum metrology. We theoretically analyze the phase sensitivity via homodyne detection on both of output ports. It is found that this proposal can realize phase sensitivity enhancement by manipulating the nonlinear feedback strength. Furthermore, the phase sensitivity can saturate the classical and quantum Cramér-Rao bound, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that this proposal is superior to the linear-feedback-assisted interferometer.