bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Grade Meningiomas: Current Therapy Based on Tumor Biology
Authors: Esteban Garcia-Robledo Juan , Ordóñez-Reyes Camila , Ruiz-Patiño Alejandro , Muñoz Álvaro , Arrieta Oscar , Jiménez Enrique , Hakim Fernando , Gómez Diego , Fernando Ramón Juan , F. Cardona Andrés
Published: January 2022

Atypical (WHO grade II) and malignant meningiomas (WHO Grade III) are a rare subset of primary intracranial tumors. Due to the high recurrence rate after surgical resection and radiotherapy, there has been a recent interest in exploring other systemic treatment options for these refractory tumors. Recent advances in molecular sequencing of tumors have elucidated new pathways and drug targets currently being studied. This article provides a thorough overview of novel investigational therapeutics, including targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and new technological modalities for atypical and malignant meningiomas. There is encouraging preclinical evidence regarding the efficacy of the emerging treatments discussed in this chapter. Several clinical trials are currently recruiting patients to translate targeted molecular therapy for recurrent and high-grade meningiomas.
Testing and Validating Instruments for Feedstocks of Mineral Carbonation
Authors: Imran Rashid Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Different feedstocks Dunite, Olivine and Lizardite are examined in this research using various measuring techniques such as TGA-MS, XRD and Quantitative XRD and EDS. Quantitative XRD results matched with TGA-MS results. Malvern Mastersizer, EDS and QXRD results also showed a good match regarding the individuality of results which are shown graphically. TGA-MS calibration curves example is provided. Matching the results of different measuring techniques is a key to fundamental research. Comparison of the reactivity of dunite, soaked dunite, heat-activated dunite and lizardite and raw dunite soaked has been performed. TGA-MS and QXRD results match each other. Malvern Mastersizer, EDS and QXRD results match with their individual results indicating the instrument’s reliability. Semi-Quantitative XRD results authenticity is EXCELLENT. TGA-MS results match with QXRD is excellent. Mineral carbonation converts CO2 into stable mineral carbonates. This research explores the utilisation of serpentinised dunite (which is comprised of 61% lizardite) as a potential feedstock for mineral carbonation. Heat activation, ex-situ regrinding and concurrent grinding techniques were employed to enhance the reaction rate and yield, and to provide information on the carbonation reaction mechanism. Silica-rich layers that appeared during reference experiments were disrupted using concurrent grinding and significantly higher magnesite yields and Mg extractions were obtained.
Faba Bean Agronomic and Crop Physiology Research in Ethiopia
Authors: Dobocha Dereje , Bekele Debela
Published: January 2022

Faba bean is an important pulse crop in terms of protein source, area coverage, and volume of annual production in Ethiopia. The aim of this paper is to assess the agronomic and crop physiology investigations in the past two decades in Ethiopia. The production limiting factors of this crop are low input usage, natural disasters, depletion of macronutrients, and unavailability of essential nutrients. Phosphorus is among the main limiting nutrients in soil systems in Ethiopia. Seed yield and biomass yield of faba bean were increased from 1338 to 1974 kg/ha and from 3124 to 4446 kg/ha when phosphorous was changed from 0 to 52 kg/ha, respectively at Holeta whereas application of 40 kg P ha − 1 resulted in higher grain yield (6323 kg ha−1) and 3303 kg ha−1 at Lemu-Bilbilo and Bore highlands, respectively. The highest grain yield of 32 kg ha−1 was obtained from the application of 92 kg P2O5 ha−1 at Sekela district while application of 46 kg P2O5 ha−1 resulted in a substantial increase in seed yield over unfertilized plots on vertisols of Ambo. On the other hand, the results suggest that using starter nitrogen from 0 to 27 kg/ha has marginally increased faba bean yield but, a farther increase of nitrogen has indicated deteriorate of yield at Arsi zone. Proper plant populations play a crucial role in enhancing faba bean production. Planting faba bean at 30 cm × 15 cm spacing gave the highest grain yield in Duna district while it was 30 × 7.5 cm at vertisols of Ambo University research farm. Significantly higher seed yield (4222 kg/ha) was observed in the 40 cm inter-row spacing as compared to 50 cm inter-row spacing, which gave the lowest seed yield per hectare (3138 kg/ha) on fluvisols of Haramaya University. Intercropping and crop rotation are cropping systems that can increase soil fertility and crop yield. Intercropping of faba bean with barley at Debre Birhan increased land equivalent ratio than both crops when planted as sole. An additional income of 18.5% and 40% was gained than planting sole faba bean and wheat, respectively at Kulumsa. Faba bean can fix about 69 kg/ha nitrogen in Northern Ethiopia. Generally, the current review results showed that only limited studies in organic and bio fertilizer, plant density, and cropping systems were done on faba bean in Ethiopia. Hence, studies regarding soil acidity, organic fertilizer, and secondary plus micronutrient impacts on faba bean production and productivity along soil types and weather conditions need great attention in the future in Ethiopia.
Gastroprotective Mechanisms
Authors: Alves Araujo de Lima Cirlane , Silva de Lima Robson , Batista de Souza Jesica , de Souza Graça Ariel , Maria Thomazzi Sara , Sena Batista Josemar , dos Santos Estevam Charles
Published: January 2022

Gastric ulcer (GU), a common type of peptic ulcer, results from an imbalance in the action of protective and aggressive agents. Gastroprotective mechanisms are mucus layer, gastric epithelium, gastric blood flow, gastric neurons, mucosal repair capacity, and immune system. Thus, the aim of this chapter was to provide an update on gastroprotective mechanisms. It was carried out through searches in PubMed covering the years 2016–2021 using several keywords. This survey resulted in 428 articles, of which 110 were cited in this chapter. It was reviewed the status of gastroprotective mechanisms and highlighted that mucins can act as a filter; gastric epithelial defenses are composed of the cell barrier, stem cells, and sensors on the mucosal surface; nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) act for gastric blood flow homeostasis (GBF); the main effector neurons in the gastric mucosa are cholinergic, nitrergic and VIPergic, and oxytocin can activate neurons; repair of the gastric mucosa requires complex biological responses; the immune system regulates the entry of antigens and pathogens. The main knowledge about gastroprotective mechanisms remains unchanged. However, we conclude that there has been progressing in this area.
Examining the Executioners, Influenza Associated Secondary Bacterial Pneumonia
Authors: R. Borgogna Timothy , M. Voyich Jovanka
Published: January 2022

Influenza infections typically present mild to moderate morbidities in immunocompetent host and are often resolved within 14 days of infection onset. Death from influenza infection alone is uncommon; however, antecedent influenza infection often leads to an increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pneumonia. Bacterial pneumonia following viral infection exhibits mortality rates greater than 10-fold of those of influenza alone. Furthermore, bacterial pneumonia has been identified as the major contributor to mortality during each of the previous four influenza pandemics. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus pyogenes are the most prevalent participants in this pathology. Of note, these lung pathogens are frequently found as commensals of the upper respiratory tract. Herein we describe influenza-induced host-changes that lead to increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, review virulence strategies employed by the most prevalent secondary bacterial pneumonia species, and highlight recent findings of bacterial sensing and responding to the influenza infected environment.
Transforming Elementary Mathematics Classroom Practice: Ideas and Innovation from a Leader’s Perspective
Authors: Medico Letwinsky Karim , Berry Michael
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this chapter is to highlight common challenges that school leaders encounter when seeking to implement change in the teaching and learning of mathematics at their schools. Specifically, the chapter will offer innovative ways that international elementary principals successfully have influenced systemic change in K-5 mathematics classroom practice. The challenges highlighted are not unique to international educators, but the context from which we speak is situated in the international educational environment. We offer practical, but theoretically based guidance for school leaders looking to implement, support, and sustain authentic change in the culture and practice surrounding the math development of students. The first half of the chapter will provide context and a situational perspective relative to the complex relationship between principals, as instructional leaders, and their ability to influence classroom change. Key events that have made conversations about the teaching and learning of mathematics prominent in schools around the world also are highlighted. The second half of the chapter details actionable ideas grounded in research that elementary principals or curriculum leaders can implement to help shift classroom teaching and learning at the elementary level. Ultimately, these shifts are designed to enable higher levels of mathematics achievement for all K-5 students.
Cellular Senescence in Bone
Authors: Wang Danielle , Wang Haitao
Published: January 2022

Senescence is an irreversible cell-cycle arrest process induced by environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors. An accumulation of senescent cells in bone results in age-related disorders, and one of the common problems is osteoporosis. Deciphering the basic mechanisms contributing to the chronic ailments of aging may uncover new avenues for targeted treatment. This review focuses on the mechanisms and the most relevant research advancements in skeletal cellular senescence. To identify new options for the treatment or prevention of age-related chronic diseases, researchers have targeted hallmarks of aging, including telomere attrition, genomic instability, cellular senescence, and epigenetic alterations. First, this chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of bone tissue, the causes of skeletal involution, and the role of cellular senescence in bone and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Next, this review will discuss the utilization of pharmacological interventions in aging tissues and, more specifically, highlight the role of senescent cells to identify the most effective and safe strategies.
Two new species of Ageniella Banks, 1912 (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) from Brazil and updated keys
Authors: Rapoza Márcia , Waichert Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Ageniella Banks, 1912 is a paraphyletic group exclusive to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. The genus has a remarkable morphological diversity among species and strong sexual dimorphism, hampering taxonomic studies of it. Herein, we add two new species to the Neotropical fauna of Ageniella: A. caerulea sp. nov. belonging to the subgenus Ameragenia and A. ruschi sp. nov. belonging to the subgenus Priophanes; both species are described and illustrated. A brief discussion of subgeneric characters and an updated taxonomic key to the species of Ageniella known from Brazil are provided.
The importance of audio-video documentation during polysomnography for diagnosis of catathrenia in a 6-year-old child: case report
Authors: Argollo Nubia Santana , Parreira Diderot Rodrigues , Pereira Lucas Carneiro
Published: January 2022

Catathrenia is a rare disorder classified as a respiratory one and characterized by expiratory groans during sleep. We report a case of catathrenia in a 6-year-old male patient, with documented video and audio polysomnography. The diagnosis of catathrenia is made through a detailed analysis of video and audio recordings during the examination. Although there is no association with the risk of physical damage known today, catathrenia presents itself as a source of anxiety among patients and their families. The differentiation of catathrenia with central apnea, obstructive apnea, primary snoring, and parasomnias will influence both the prognosis and the diagnosis and treatment of the patient.
Sleep and health-related physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Fonseca Ana Paula Leão Maia , Azevedo Carolina Virginia Macêdo de , Santos Rute Marina Roberto
Published: January 2022

Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the associations between the sleep duration or sleep quality and cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in children and adolescents aged 6-19 years.

Material and Methods This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- analyses (PRISMA) and was registered with the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO network. Three databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus and Science Direct) were searched until October 2019 for scientific articles concerning sleep duration, sleep quality and physical fitness.

Results Six articles, including 5797 participants, from 11 different countries, were included in the current systematic review.

Conclusion Longer periods of sleep and better sleep quality were associated with higher levels of physical fitness.
LIST OF PERMANENT REVIEWERS
Authors: Babić Mirko
Published: January 2022

List of Reviewers
The role of exercise and physical activity on aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes
Authors: Kushkestani Mehdi , Parvani Mohsen , Ghafari Mahmood , Avazpoor Zahra
Published: January 2022

Aging is a complex process of physiological and social changes that leads to various diseases. The number of elderly people in the world is increasing dramatically and it should be noted that rapid population aging represents a major public health burden. On the other hand, providing an appropriate and low-cost approach to control and prevent complications such as chronic diseases, physical dysfunction, and the geriatric syndrome is necessary. Also, numerous studies have shown that participation in physical activity and exercise training reduces the incidence of dysfunctional capacity, cardiovascular and metabolic disease, as well as the premature death rate in older adults. After plenty of precise observations about the role of exercise on aging-related diseases and geriatric syndromes articles, the benefits of exercise and physical activity in older adults will be more tangible. Therefore, the first purpose of the present review was to investigate the mechanisms of PA and exercises that are involved in the prevention of aging-related diseases and GS using current evidence (from 2015 onwards). Also, the purpose of this study was to provide an exercise guideline (aerobic and resistance training) based on recent evidence (from 2015 onwards).

El envejecimiento es un proceso complejo de cambios fisiológicos y sociales que conduce a diversas enfermedades. El número de personas de edad avanzada en el mundo está aumentando drásticamente y cabe señalar que el rápido envejecimiento de la población representa una importante carga para la salud pública. Por otro lado, es necesario brindar un enfoque adecuado y de bajo costo para controlar y prevenir complicaciones como enfermedades crónicas, disfunción física y síndrome geriátrico. Además, numerosos estudios han demostrado que la participación en la actividad física y el entrenamiento físico reduce la incidencia de disfunciones, enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, así como la tasa de muerte prematura en los adultos mayores. Después de muchas observaciones precisas sobre el papel del ejercicio en los artículos sobre enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento y síndromes geriátricos, los beneficios del ejercicio y la actividad física en los adultos mayores serán más tangibles. Por lo tanto, el primer propósito de la presente revisión fue investigar los mecanismos de actividad física y ejercicios que están involucrados en la prevención de enfermedades relacionadas con el envejecimiento y síndrome geriátrico utilizando la evidencia actual (de 2015 en adelante). Además, el propósito de este estudio fue proporcionar una guía de ejercicio (entrenamiento aeróbico y de resistencia) basada en evidencia reciente (de 2015 en adelante).
Strategies for the development of international sport diplomacy in the volleyball federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Fallah Nassiri Reza Mir , Monazami Amir Hosein , Aghaei Hamid Najaf , Rahimizadeh Meysam
Published: January 2022

In recent years, Iran's volleyball sport has made significant progress and the Iranian national team has been able to compete in the World Volleyball League. This situation has provided the Iranian Volleyball Federation with diplomatic opportunities. The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for the development of international sport diplomacy in the volleyball federation of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was conducted qualitatively by interviewing Iranian volleyball officials (N = 4), academic experts in sport diplomacy (N = 4) and internationally experienced coaches and referees (N = 5). Data analysis with theme analysis techniques revealed that the five emerging themes included: challenges, principles of effective international sport diplomacy, international sport diplomacy success factors, international diplomacy development strategies in volleyball federation, and the implications of international sport diplomacy, including 18 sub-themes and 43 open codes. All these aspects are analyzed and discussed in the present study.

En los últimos años, el deporte de voleibol ha logrado un progreso significativo en Irán y el equipo nacional iraní ha podido competir en la Liga Mundial de Voleibol. Esta situación ha brindado oportunidades diplomáticas a la Federación Iraní de Voleibol. El propósito de este estudio fue desarrollar estrategias para el desarrollo de la diplomacia deportiva internacional en la federación de voleibol de la República Islámica de Irán. Este estudio se realizó de forma cualitativa entrevistando a funcionarios de voleibol iraníes (N = 4), expertos académicos en diplomacia deportiva (N = 4) y entrenadores y árbitros con experiencia internacional (N = 5). El análisis de datos con técnicas de análisis temático reveló que los cinco temas emergentes incluían: desafíos, principios de la diplomacia deportiva internacional efectiva, factores de éxito de la diplomacia deportiva internacional, estrategias de desarrollo de la diplomacia internacional en la federación de voleibol y las implicaciones de la diplomacia deportiva internacional, incluyendo 18 subtemas y 43 códigos abiertos. Todos estos aspectos se analizan y discuten en el presente estudio.
Measuring evidence-based practice in physical therapy: a mix-methods study
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo M. , Martins Pedro N. , Pimenta Nuno , Gonçalves Rui S.
Published: January 2022

Background

Evidence-based practice (EBP) is considered the “holy grail” to manage patients by health practitioners (such as physical therapists). However, sometimes, patients are not treated with the best interventions for their condition. Although studies already explored the facilitators and barriers for this issue, they increase in the level of importance if the information gathered are context appropriated. As the profession is relatively new in Portugal, currently little is known about the implementation of EBP in Portuguese physical therapists context. So, the aim of this study is to know if the Portuguese physical therapists use an EBP, and collect and deeper understand the factors, barriers and facilitators associated with EBP.

Methods

This study incorporated a mixed-methods design (quantitative and qualitative). In an attempt to ensure the correct population sample, a national professional association e-mail database and the e-mails of past students from national schools were requested. For the quantitative data it was choose an e-survey, adapted from the EBP: Beliefs, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Behaviors of Physical Therapists Portuguese version questionnaire, consisted of 55 close-ended questions. It was analyzed response frequencies and associations between variables with logistic regression analyses. For the qualitative data, it was choose to perform semi-structured interviews in purposefully selected physical therapists to include different sociodemographic factors (especially those found to be statistically significant in the logistic regression) and survey responses regarding the physical therapists’ beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors. The interviews were performed in an online software, where only audio contact was performed. The audios were anonymized and verbatim transcribed, and the texts explored by the thematic approach.

Results

From the 277 physical therapists that shown interest in participating in the study, 193 fully completed the questionnaire and, from those, 10 participated in the interviews. The Portuguese physical therapists reported positive beliefs, attitudes, knowledge, and behaviors regarding EBP. Among the physical therapists characteristics it seems that age (younger therapists), education (participating in continuing education courses; belonging to practice-orientated organizations; having a doctorate degree; pursuing a higher academic degree; and being a clinical instructor), and workplace (working for someone else account; and academic sector) are the main factors in the Portuguese EBP implementation. The Portuguese physical therapists, beyond the physical therapists individual characteristics and workplace, also stated that evidence, patients, clinical experience, schools, country and physical therapy characteristics, may behave as facilitators or barriers when performing an EBP.
Profesionalización de la evaluación en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: panorama de la formación en evaluación de política pública en la región
Authors: Ghiano Celeste , Concha Bastían Juan
Published: January 2022

La evaluación de programas sociales y políticas públicas ha tomado preponderancia tanto en el discurso público como académico en Latinoamérica y el Caribe, por ello resulta interesante analizar la profesionalización del evaluador a luz de los programas educativos que se imparten en la región, analizando sus características en común. Para ello, entre el año 2017 y el 2019 se recogen diversos programas de formación en evaluación de políticas públicas los cuales se categorizaron para su comparabilidad junto con los consensos internacionales sobre competencias que debía de tener un/a evaluador/a. A partir de ello se realizó el análisis comparando estos consensos técnicos, con las propuestas de formación existentes en la región. Como conclusión la investigación sugiere que no existe un tipo de formación en evaluación para Latinoamérica y el Caribe y que esto es promisorio, pues la formación debe responder a su contexto para una mejor evaluación a futuro adaptándonos a la realidad cambiante. Sin embargo, se abren nuevas reflexiones sobre algunos sesgos importantes que permanecen en la formación, limitando la adaptabilidad. La investigación finaliza con una propuesta de decálogo para la formación en evaluación, como disparador de nuevos debates.
Crisis de acceso a la vivienda y mecanismos de promoción del arriendo en Chile: tendencias y desafíos para la consolidación de una Política de Arriendo
Authors: Bogolaski Fliman Francisca , López Davidson Rosario , Mora Camus María Pía
Published: January 2022

La política habitacional chilena durante los últimos 50 años ha promovido la tenencia en propiedad a través de la entrega de subsidios a la demanda, lo que, en gran medida, ha consolidado un país de propietarios. Pese a que durante algunas décadas se redujo el déficit habitacional, los resultados en términos cualitativos han sido deficientes y el aumento reciente del déficit habitacional sugiere que la política habitacional no puede descansar únicamente en este mecanismo. Así, durante la última década también se han integrado otros instrumentos para asegurar el acceso a la vivienda, como lo son los subsidios de arriendo a la demanda. A través de la revisión de documentos institucionales y académicos, entrevistas con actores claves y análisis de datos administrativos, en este artículo se sistematiza la evidencia existente de los tres principales subsidios de arriendo vigentes en Chile -el programa Subsidio de Arriendo, el Programa Vivienda Primero y los Subsidios de Arriendo Transitorios para residentes de campamentos- como también sus resultados y desafíos. Si bien se valora la implementación de herramientas complementarias a la propiedad, los resultados reflejan importantes problemáticas y desafíos, asociados principalmente a la mantención de un enfoque parcial, restringido a los subsidios a la demanda, que no es efectivo para enfrentar el aumento de los valores del suelo y la vivienda, entre otras barreras identificadas. Finalmente, se plantean algunas propuestas para avanzar en una política de arrendamiento en Chile.
An Examination on "Religiosity -Based Socialization" in the Practice of Hz. Prophet
Authors: KIRIŞ Şemsettin
Published: January 2022

Kişinin inançları, değerleri, uygulamaları, kabulü veya reddi ile toplumda kimlik ve kişilik kazanma sürecini dînî sosyalleşme olarak adlandırabiliriz. Bireyselleşme, kişinin kendi entelektüel kapasitesini, tefekkür derinliğini, kısacası
tüm yetenek ve bilgilerini gerçekleştirmesi olarak nitelendirilebilirse, sosyalleşme de bu yetenek ve deneyimlerin dışavurumu ve toplumla paylaşılması olarak nitelendirilebilir. Sosyalleşme, bireyin toplumla etkileşimidir. Bireyci-modern
yaklaşım, insanların inandıkları din ile kurumsal dinin farklı şeyler olduğu tezini sıklıkla vurgular. Kurumsal dinin bireyin iradesine dışarıdan bir müdahale olduğu özellikle belirtilmektedir. Kurumsal dinin otantik ve nitelikli
dindarlığı artırmadığı, aynı zamanda insanları riyakâr dindarlığa yönlendirdiği de belirtilmektedir. Özgün ve nitelikli dindarlığın bireyin kendi arzu ve iradesiyle gerçekleşebileceği öngörülmektedir. Bireyin iç dünyasında dindarlığa
yol açacak dinamiğin nasıl şekilleneceği sorusu üzerinde durulmamaktadır. Sınırsız sayıda seküler dinamiğin bireyin arzu ve iradesine talip olduğu bir ortamda, dindarlık tercihi nasıl bir motivasyon oluşturabilir? Bunun kolay olmayacağını
öngörmek zor değildir. Bireyin sınırsız arzularında dindarlık arzusuna yer bulması içsel bir mücadeleye bağlıdır. Doğası gereği dindarlık, dine kayıtsızlıkla uyum içinde yaşayamaz. Sürdürülebilir dindarlık, güçlü bir irade eğitimi
ile istek ve arzuların kontrol edilmesi ve yönetilmesi kadar sosyal desteği de gerektirir. Dolayısıyla sosyalleşme her birey için zorunlu bir ihtiyaçtır. Dînî sosyalleşme, bu temel ihtiyacın karşılanmasında inançla ilgili hassasiyetlerin
dikkate alınmasıdır. Kişi sosyalleşme ihtiyacını dînî inançları açısından rahat ve kabul edilebilir bir şekilde gerçekleştirmek isteyebilir. Başkasına iyilik etmek nasıl bir ihtiyaç ise, sosyalleşme de bir ihtiyaçtır. Yapılan iyiliğin
tezahür etmesi ve anlam kazanması dînî sosyalleşme ile ilgilidir. Hz. Peygamber'in getirdiği din, müminlere ibadet ve âdet için toplanmalarını emretmiştir. Hz. Muhammed’in getirdiği dinde hayat, bireysel kurtuluş temelinde değil,
toplumsal kurtuluş temelinde kurulmuştur. Hz. Peygamber ve Hulefa-i Raşidîn döneminde cami, sosyal hayatın merkezi ve ibadetin yanında diğer faaliyetlerin de yürütüldüğü bir yer olmuştur. Hz. Peygamber sosyalleşmeyi müminler için
bir hedef davranış olarak ortaya koymuştur. Hz. Peygamber'in hayatındaki Mekke ve Medine dönemleri, dînî sosyalleşmenin çarpıcı örnekleriyle doludur.
Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Bupivacaine in Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block- A Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Shastri Yuvaraj , Nagaraju Nanjappa , Priyanka MS
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Alpha‑2 agonists are used as adjuvants with Local Anaesthetic (LA) agents to prolong the duration of regional nerve blocks. Aim: To compare clonidine and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block with respect to onset and duration of sensory and motor block and duration of analgesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomised clinical trial, 70 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I and class II patients, scheduled for elective upper limb surgeries under ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block, were divided into two equal groups. Group‑I received clonidine 1 μg/ kg and group‑II received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg added to bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL). Onset and recovery time of sensory and motor block, duration of analgesia were studied in both the groups. Data analysis was done using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student t‑test for analysis of continuous data and Chi‑square test used to know the difference of significance in categorical data. Results: A total of 70 subjects between age group of 18‑60 years were included in the study. The onset of sensory blockade was faster in group‑I (3.54±0.74 min) than group‑II (3.86±0.88 min) but statistically not significant. The onset of motor blockade was faster in group‑I (5.4±1.12 min) than group‑II (6.34±1.14 min) and difference was statistically significant. Duration of sensory blockade was longer in group‑I (616.23±62.05 min) than group‑II (574.71±61.14 min) and motor blockade in group‑I (635.86±57.82 min) was longer than group‑II (562.80±66.89 min) and the differences were statistically significant. The duration of analgesia was longer in group‑I (797.29±108.06 min) than group‑II (695.00±91.14 min) and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine shortens the onset, prolongs the duration of sensory and motor block and also provides longer postoperative analgesia as compared with clonidine when used as an adjuvant to bupivacaine in ultrasound guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block.
Clinico-bacteriological Profile of Pneumonia, Meningitis and Sepsis in under Five Children from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Central India
Authors: Karode Prachiti , Biswas Manju , Bharani Anjali , Jain Hemant
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Invasive Bacterial Diseases (IBD) are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in under five children in India. There is difference in the pattern and aetiology of IBD according to the geographical variation and the antimicrobial susceptibility of causative organisms are also variable. There is lack of data on patterns of IBD from central India. Aim: To generate the data on the burden of pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis among under five children in central India and the microorganisms associated with them. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from August 2019 to July 2020 at the Department of Paediatrics at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and MY Hospital, indore, India on children of 1-59 months of age admitted with pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. A detailed history was recorded for all the participants and thorough physical examination was done along with chest X-ray , routine laboratory examination and blood cultures were performed. Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed on Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) samples. All the data collected were recorded in Microsoft (MS) excel sheet and frequency (n), percentages (%) and chi-square test for significance level, were calculated to analyse the collected data. Results: Of the total 450 cases enrolled, 283 (62.8%) had confirmed IBD. Out of the confirmed cases, 183 (64.6%) had pneumonia, 52 (18.3%) had meningitis and 48 (16.9%) had sepsis. Highest case fatality rate was seen with sepsis followed by meningitis and pneumonia. The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, gram negative bacilli were found to be more resistant to the conventional antibiotics than gram positive organisms. An 40 (83%) of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to methicillin whereas only 12 (45%) of Klebsiella pneumoniae were susceptible to amikacin. Conclusion: The present study highlights the predominance of staphylococcus aureus and adverse outcomes of IBD in children with Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM) and incomplete immunisation. Emergence of resistant bacterial strains to conventional antibiotics warrants the need to consider the locally prevailing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for the effective management of these diseases.
Clinical Spectrum and Severity of Poisoning in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Care Centre in Uttarakhand: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wasim Sanober , Agrawal Nitika , Pandita Neerul , Das Kunal , Gupta Alpa
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Acute poisoning causes significant mortality and morbidity among children worldwide. However, the pattern of poisoning and causative substances varies significantly in geo- demographic areas. Aim: To describe admissions due to acute poisoning in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care centre in terms of demographics, clinical profile, specific agents involved and severity of poisoning. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted in PICU of a tertiary care level teaching institute of Uttarakhand, India, over a period of three years on subjects of age group from one month to 18 years. Data was collected and analysed for demography, clinical presentation, substance, management, complications, and outcome. Poison Severity Score (PSS) was used to assess the severity of poisoning. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: During the study period, out of total 751 PICU admissions, 45 were due to poisoning. Organophosphates 20 (44%) and aluminium phosphide 12 (26%) were the most common substances used. Accidental poisoning was common 6 (46%) among less than five years of age. However, suicidal attempts were noted more frequently 20 (64%) among >15 years of age group. Vomiting 31 (69%), altered sensorium 23 (51%), and pain abdomen 16 (35%) were the most common presentations. Nine (20%) patients required ventilatory support as well. Three (6.6%) patients died; all associated with aluminium phosphide poisoning. Conclusion: The most common poison consumed is organophosphate. Aluminium phosphide is the most lethal poison, accounting for all the deaths in the study. Accidental poisoning is common in children less than five years of age. Suicidal poisoning is common among adolescents which must be prevented by early detection of stress. Primary health care facility hesitates to intervene even for basic poisoning care before referring.
Acquired Chiari Type 1 Malformation Secondary to Paget’s Disease of the Bone: A Case Report
Authors: Khan Srestha , Aiyappan Senthil Kumar , Govindarajan Abinesh , Shanmugam Vinayagam
Published: January 2022

Chiari type 1 malformations are characterised by caudal descent of cerebellar tonsil into foramen magnum. Usually it is congenital. Paget’s disease causing acquired chiari type 1 malformation is rare with only five reported cases in the literature. The diagnosis is primarily by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Authors reported a case of acquired chiari type 1 malformation due to paget’s disease in a 58-year-old male patient diagnosed by MRI and Computed Tomography (CT). The patient presented with complaints of headache, unsteady gait, slow movements with weakness in all the four limbs, difficulty in walking which aggravated since three days and stammering of speech. Initially a diagnosis of motor neuron disease was suspected and the patient was subjected for MRI examination of brain and spine. MRI revealed platybasia with cerebellar tonsillar herniation with calvarial thickening and multiple vertebral collapse. The CT of brain and spine was done to evaluate bones specifically in view of thickened cranial vault and multiple vertebral collapse on MRI which revealed features of paget’s disease in the form of widened sclerotic bone with lytic areas and thickened trabeculae. Hence, diagnosis of paget’s disease causing acquired chiari type 1 malformation was made which correlated with biochemical findings. The management is different in primary and acquired chiari type 1 malformation and hence it is important to diagnose this condition which is relatively rare.
The Basic Principles for Achieving Success through Accurate Financial Analysis and Management Automation of the Organization
Authors: Galstyan Sargis , Margaryan Karlos
Published: January 2022

This article is a scientific research, where are highlighted such issues as effective management and control of the financial resources. Taking as a basis international experience and own approaches, we offer some solutions, which can significantly contribute to the improvement of the business processes within an organization. In particular, giving businesses the right to operate more freely by reducing administrative impact, and automating various processes within the organization will enable the transition from resource-intensive management to resource-saving management, which in the long run will improve organization’s competitiveness in both domestic and foreign markets. In this article the authors also refer to the system of cost normalizations within The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states, revealing the gaps in some legislative acts and provisions, and suggesting the use of alternative mechanisms.
Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence in Dealing with Teaching Aids in Tanzania: A Case of a Few Finalist Pre-service Science-teachers
Authors: Makwinya Noel Mark
Published: January 2022

The value of teaching aids in the process of teaching sciences cannot be overstated. The capacity of finalist university pre-service science teachers to incorporate teaching aids into their science classrooms to open up the potential of bringing about the critical features of an intended object into realisation is evaluated in this study. Observations and document reviews were used as data collecting techniques in this descriptive study, and they were used to investigate only 25 student-teachers during their final teaching practice placement. Evidence suggested that the study participants’ ability to select or design teaching aids was low as most of the materials they employed had didactic, structural, and technical concerns. Importantly, the study participants demonstrated significant difficulties in unpacking instructional materials during the science lessons. The study recommended various measures for policy and practice regarding both science teacher-education and science teaching process.
Characterization and Classification of Soils from Southern Agro-climatic Zones of Karnataka, South India
Authors: . Pradeep , Kumar K. S. Anil , Philip Prabha Susan
Published: January 2022

The climate change and land degradation are both individually and in combination have profound influence on natural resource based livelihood systems and societal groups, but this land degradation is caused by land use changes and unsustainable management. The different land use systems practiced in southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka have significant impact on soil carbon and fertility status of soils, a study was carried out to characterize and classify the soils of southern agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Five pedons, one from each agro-climatic zone from cultivated land use were selected for the study. Soils of Hiriyur pedons were moderately shallow and rest were deep to very deep, red, well drained and appreciable amount of gravels were observed in all the pedons. Clay illuviation in sub-soil layers was observed hence sub-soil layer contained more clay than surface. The soil texture varied from sandy clay loam to sandy clay and clay. Bulk density of soil varied from 0.86 to 1.86 Mgm-3 in the surface. In all the profiles, bulk density increased with depth. Soil reaction varied from very strongly acidic to moderately acidic in Balehonnur and Brahmavara, moderately acidic to neutral in Hassan and Tiptur, neutral to moderately alkaline in Hiriyur. Cation exchange capacity was low and exchange complex was dominated by hydrogen and aluminum. Dominant cations were calcium and magnesium hence base saturation was high in the pedons due to leaching of bases and deposition in sub-surface horizons within the solum except in Brahmvara and Balehonnur was observed.
Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in Relation to Drought Tolerance
Authors: Ravali Kesoju , Jahagirdar J. E. , Singin Chetana , Tirkey Sheetal , Deshmukh S. S.
Published: January 2022

Genetic variability studies were useful for effective selection in a crop species. Presence of desirable variation and the amount of that variation which is heritable is the primary requirement of any breeding program for the crop improvement. Therefore any breeding program for crop improvement depends majorly on the knowledge pertaining to genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance. The genetic variability study was carried out for yield and yield contributing traits in thirty-seven genotypes of rabi sorghum with three checks namely M 35-1, Phule Suchitra and CSV-22-R at Sorghum Research Station, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during rabi 2019. A randomized block design was used with three replications and these treatments were evaluated and data pertaining to eleven traits were recorded with the objective to estimate the genetic variability for the quantitative traits. This investigation revealed presence of highly significant differences among the genotypes indicating presence of large amount of variability in all the eleven characters studied. The study indicated presence of higher estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for all the traits when compared to genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and these estimates are of lower magnitude. Among the forty genotypes studied VJV 107, VJV 106, PEC 30, RSV 1921, RSV 1945 and RSV 1984 were considered as the superior genotypes as these recorded better performance. Higher estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded for the traits; days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, panicle length, panicle width, fodder yield per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant indicating selection for higher values of these traits of sorghum would be effective. Whereas high heritability coupled with moderate to high genetic advance was observed for traits like plant height, fodder yield per plant and total biomass per plant.
In vitro Evaluation of PHYTOSANEB-020, A Biopesticide for the Control of Mealybug (Planococcus ficus) on Rosa multiflora and Bougainvillea spectabilis in Kimwenza-Mission
Authors: Mujinga A. B. , Konga J. , Gusemba B. K. , Okito M. K. , Kuma C. N. , Kasanza F. F. , Tshiyombo E. M. , Luhata G. W. , Luhata P. L.
Published: January 2022

This study focused on the in vitro evaluation of the effectiveness of Phytosaneb-020, a bio-pesticide on Mealybug Planococcus ficus (Signoret) which infests Rosa multiflora (Rosa polyantha) and Bougainvillea spectabilis. Three treatments were used: Phytosaneb-020, Pacha a chemical insecticide and aqueous solution (distilled water) as a negative control. A volume of 1.5 mL for an area of ​​56.72 cm2 corresponding to the area of ​​a Petri dish, used for each treatment. Populations of Maconellicoccus hirsutus were carefully collected from bougainvillea leaves and roses.  Pacha gave the highest mortality percentage for direct toxicity by contact (98.3± 2.89%) followed by Saneb-020 (93.3 ± 7.64%). The negative control, distilled water, was not effective against the insects. No death was observed (0%). The repellency effect assay revealed a repellent activity of 80% ± 20 for Saneb-20. Distilled water gave the best avoidance effect (86.7±11.6%) pointing out the fact that Mealybug Planococcus ficus doesn’t support the presence of water. Pasha exhibited low repellency effect on Mealybug Planococcus ficus (46.7±41.6%). Further investigations on different pests are strongly suggested and encouraged to improve the effectiveness of this biopesticide.
Evaluation of Liver Function and Haemorheological Parameters in Some Carpenters Exposed to Wood Dust in Port Harcourt
Authors: Briggs Ojoye N. , Christian Serekara G. , Elechi-Amadi Kemzi N. , Waribo Helen A. , Nkpurukwe Prudence N. , O. Inaboya Collins
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate liver function and haemorheological parameters in some carpenters exposed to wood dust in Port Harcourt.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in some parts of Port Harcourt, the capital city of Rivers State in the southern part of Nigeria. The locations of the research included Sandfield mile 2 Diobu, Marine base, and Abuja by-pass Nkpolu-oroworukwo, Port Harcourt. Ethical approval and informed consent of the participants were obtained before commencement of the study. A total of one hundred and fifty (150) apparently healthy subjects aged between 20 t0 50 years were used for the study. Ninety (90) carpenters exposed to wood dust served as test subjects, while sixty (60) non- carpenters, non-wood workers not exposed to wood dust served as controls. Interviewer based sample questionnaire was administered to the subjects. Liver function parameters, Packed cell volume (PCV), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), and fibrinogen were analysed using standard laboratory techniques.

Results: The mean age of the test subjects (36.5 ± 9.9 years) was not significantly different (P > .05) from that of the controls (32.1 ± 5.8 years). There were no significant differences (P > .05) in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), conjugated bilirubin (CB), PCV and Hb in the test subjects compared to the controls. ESR (19.60 ± 10.67mm/Hr) and fibrinogen (624 ± 60.88ng/mL) were significantly higher (P< .05) in the tests (carpenters) compared to ESR (8.41 ± 5.36mm/Hr) and fibrinogen (448.4 ± 67.91ng/mL) in the controls.

Conclusion: Wood dust exposure did not alter the liver function, PCV, and Hb levels of carpenters. However, with increases in ESR and fibrinogen in the carpenters, there may be a risk of inflammation to wood dust exposure in the carpenters, with negative consequences to the vasculature.
Estimation of Breath Holding Time (BHT) among Dental Students
Authors: Mohamed Aashiq , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: January 2022

Background: Breath holding time is the time taken by an individual to hold his/her breath as long as they can. During voluntary breath holding, tissues continue to utilize oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide. Therefore, during breath holding arterial pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. Normal Breath holding time (BHT) is 45-55 seconds which is estimated at 2014. The main aim of this study is to assess the breath holding time among healthy dental students.

Materials and Methods: A minimal number of sample sizes have been taken into account with regards to their BMI. The sample size was divided into two groups as gender comparison. Students were detail explained about the procedure and breath holding time has been measured. The statistical analysis was done by ANOVA test in SPSS Software-23 and an independent t-test was calculated.

Results: BHT was found to be significantly low among females compared to males. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed when BHT is correlated with gender because BHT differs in both the gender.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that breath holding time is less in females compared to males. Therefore, males are healthier than females.