bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arabinoxylan from Plantago ovate (Husk) a novel binder and superdisintegrant
Authors: Erum Alia , Bashir Sajid , Saghir Shazia , Sarfraz Rai Muhammad
Published: February 2015

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the binding and disintegrating properties of arabinoxylan isolated from Ispaghula (Plantago ovata) husk. Atenolol and atorvastatin orodispersible tablet F1, F2 and F3 were prepared by direct compression method using arabinoxylan (12, 9, 6) mg as superdisintegrant, and F4 and F5 containing 12 mg Ispaghula husk and 12 mg sodium starch glycolate, respectively. Metformin tablets were prepared by wet granulation method F1 containing starch as binder, F2 containing arabinoxylan as binder and F3 containing arabinoxylan as binder and as superdisintegrant. Prepared tablets were evaluated for precompression parameters such as compatibility studies, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausners ratio and Cars index and post compression parameters such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, wetting time, water absorption ratio disintegration time drug release and moisture uptake studies. Attempts were done to trace the possible disintegrant mechanism of arabinoxylan. FTIR spectra of physical blend of atenolol, atorvastatin, metformin with arabinoxylan confirmed the compatibility of excepient with formulation ingredients. All the formulations of atenolol, atorvastatin satisfied the limits of redispersion with a dispersion time of less than 60 sec. F1 showed minimum disintegration time 4 sec providing the evidence of arabinoxylan an excellent superdisintegrant when compared with F4 containing Ispaghula husk with disintegration time 30 sec and F5 contains sodium starch glycolate having disintegration time of 35 sec. Minimum wetting time of 17 sec and high water absorption ratio of F1 formulation confirmed the arabinoxylan as swelling disintegrant. The results of metformin tablet indicate that arabinoxylan could be useful to produce tablets with desired characteristics for specific purposes, and could be used as an alternative substitute binder and superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical industries. These studies provide a strong evidence for usefulness of arabinoxylan as binder and superdisintegrant and a good alternative to natural and synthetic superdisintegrant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21891 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 133-141, 2014 (December)
Screening of Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Metal Complexes of Indomethacin
Authors: Sukul Abhijit , Das Sreedam Chandra , Saha Sajal Kumar , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: February 2015

The present study was performed to evaluate the biological activities of metal complexes of indomethacin with cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc. In radiant tail flick method, complexes of indomethacin with cobalt and copper at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. showed significant central analgesic activity having 66.09% and 75.45% elongation of time after 30 minutes and complexes of indomethacin with copper at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. showed significant central analgesic activity having 62.47% elongation of time after 60 minutes compared to the standard morphine. In this study, indomethacin and its complexes with cobalt, copper and manganese showed mild antimicrobial activity and the indomethacin-manganese complex also displayed highest cytotoxicity with a lowest LC50 1.222 ± 0.21 ?g/ml and indomethacin-cobalt, indomethacin-copper and indomethacin-zinc had significant LC50 of 1.549 ± 0.39 ?g/ml, 1.662 ± 0.17 ?g/ml and 1.903 ± 0.64 ?g/ml, respectively where standard vincristine sulphate had LC50 of 0.824 ± 0.04 ?g/ml. The complex of indomethacin with cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc revealed % of inhibition 38.46 ± 1.03, 64.31 ± 0.21, 46.71 ± 0.46 and 30.79 ± 0.30, respectively and also had significant IC50 of 17.51 ± 0.62 ?g/ml, 12.31 ± 0.58 ?g/ml, 15.71 ± 0.16 ?g/ml and 19.84 ± 0.08 ?g/ml correspondingly. This study indicates that the complexes of indomethacin had analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities which could be subjected for further therapeutic evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21895 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 175-180, 2014 (December)
In vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ortho-/meta-Alkoxyphenylcarbamic acid esters containing 4-(Pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl Moiey
Authors: Malik Ivan , Sedlarova Eva , Bukovsky Marian , Csollei Jozef , Stanzel Lukas , Sichrovska Lubica
Published: February 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21903 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 215-219, 2014 (December)
In vivo analgesic and CNS depressant activities of antioxidative stem bark fraction of Morus alba L.
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Rahman Aziz Abdur , Nahar Laizuman , Islam Md Badrul , Alam AHM Khurshid
Published: February 2015

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21905 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 225-227, 2014 (December)
Libidinal Symptomatology in Deleuze'sMasochism – Coldness and Cruelty
Authors: Gaudlitz Erika
Published: February 2015

In taking up Deleuze's differential diagnosis by observing Masoch's literary practice and extracting his libidinal principles of imperatives, contracts, fetishism and rituals, I demonstrate Deleuzian libidinal symptomatology as a specific semiotics in the service of schizoanalysis. I shall argue that in Masoch the schizoanalytic curettage of the unconscious is executed as schizoid waiting where the fleeting outer symptoms of pain–pleasure reveal the masochist's desired inner splitting of the senses.

Several critical-clinical inroads to the schizoanalytic project can be envisaged. Initially, Masoch's visionary concept of sexualised world history is supported by his strategic move to the law of the oral mother, yet then extended by Deleuze's concept of (inter)maternal symbolic which speculates on the fantasised rebirth of a sexless or hermaphroditic man. Finally, the parodic enactment of eros and thanatos functions as technique of dialectical disguise within the masochist's scheme of practising libidinal liberation.

Masochism considered as a state of bodily experimentation which turns the oedipal law upside down, emerges as a distinct literary genre in Deleuzian aesthetics.
Yeast Phenomics: An Experimental Approach for Modeling Gene Interaction Networks that Buffer Disease
Authors: Hartman John , Stisher Chandler , Outlaw Darryl , Guo Jingyu , Shah Najaf , Tian Dehua , Santos Sean , Rodgers John , White Richard
Published: February 2015

The genome project increased appreciation of genetic complexity underlying disease phenotypes: many genes contribute each phenotype and each gene contributes multiple phenotypes. The aspiration of predicting common disease in individuals has evolved from seeking primary loci to marginal risk assignments based on many genes. Genetic interaction, defined as contributions to a phenotype that are dependent upon particular digenic allele combinations, could improve prediction of phenotype from complex genotype, but it is difficult to study in human populations. High throughput, systematic analysis of S. cerevisiae gene knockouts or knockdowns in the context of disease-relevant phenotypic perturbations provides a tractable experimental approach to derive gene interaction networks, in order to deduce by cross-species gene homology how phenotype is buffered against disease-risk genotypes. Yeast gene interaction network analysis to date has revealed biology more complex than previously imagined. This has motivated the development of more powerful yeast cell array phenotyping methods to globally model the role of gene interaction networks in modulating phenotypes (which we call yeast phenomic analysis). The article illustrates yeast phenomic technology, which is applied here to quantify gene X media interaction at higher resolution and supports use of a human-like media for future applications of yeast phenomics for modeling human disease.
In Situ Hall Effect Monitoring of Vacuum Annealing of In2O3:H Thin Films
Authors: Wardenga Hans , Frischbier Mareike , Morales-Masis Monica , Klein Andreas
Published: February 2015

Hydrogen doped In2O3 thin films were prepared by room temperature sputter deposition with the addition of H2O to the sputter gas. By subsequent vacuum annealing, the films obtain high mobility up to 90 cm2/Vs. The films were analyzed in situ by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmission and Hall effect measurements. Furthermore, we present results from in situ Hall effect measurements during vacuum annealing of In2O3:H films, revealing distinct dependence of carrier concentration and mobility with time at different annealing temperatures. We suggest hydrogen passivation of grain boundaries as the main reason for the high mobility obtained with In2O3:H films.
Homocysteine, Iron and Cardiovascular Disease: A Hypothesis
Authors: Baggott Joseph , Tamura Tsunenobu
Published: February 2015

Elevated circulating total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations (hyperhomocysteinemia) have been regarded as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, several large clinical trials to correct hyperhomocysteinemia using B-vitamin supplements (particularly folic acid) have largely failed to reduce the risk of CVD. There is no doubt that a large segment of patients with CVD have hyperhomocysteinemia; therefore, it is reasonable to postulate that circulating tHcy concentrations are in part a surrogate marker for another, yet-to-be-identified risk factor(s) for CVD. We found that iron catalyzes the formation of Hcy from methionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine and cystathionine. Based on these findings, we propose that an elevated amount of non-protein-bound iron (free Fe) increases circulating tHcy. Free Fe catalyzes the formation of oxygen free radicals, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein is a well-established risk factor for vascular damage. In this review, we discuss our findings on iron-catalyzed formation of Hcy from thioethers as well as recent findings by other investigators on this issue. Collectively, these support our hypothesis that circulating tHcy is in part a surrogate marker for free Fe, which is one of the independent risk factors for CVD.
Application on Gold Nanoparticles-Dotted 4-Nitrophenylazo Graphene in a Label-Free Impedimetric Deoxynivalenol Immunosensor
Authors: Sunday Christopher , Masikini Milua , Wilson Lindsay , Rassie Candice , Waryo Tesfaye , Baker Pricilla , Iwuoha Emmanuel
Published: February 2015

In this paper, we report a new concept to construct a label-free electrochemical inhibition-based immunosensor for the detection of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in cereal samples. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of tris(bipyridine) ruthenium (II) chloride was used as a marker enhanced with gold nanoparticles-dotted 4-nitrophenylazo functionalized graphene (AuNp/G/PhNO2) nanocatalyst mediated in Nafion on a glassy carbon electrode. Under the optimized conditions, the formation of immunocomplexes inhibited electron flow and increased the charge transfer resistance of the sensing interface linearly. The change in impedance was proportional to DON concentrations in the range of 6–30 ng/mL with a sensitivity and detection limit of 32.14 ΩL/ng and 0.3 µg/mL, respectively, which compares favorably with the ELISA result. The proposed sensor had a stability of 80.3%, good precision and selectivity in DON standard solution containing different interfering agents, indicating promising application prospect for this strategy in designing impedimetric, electrochemiluminescent, voltammetric or amperometric sensors.
An Innovative Approach for Drainage Network Sizing
Authors: Cozzolino Luca , Cimorelli Luigi , Covelli Carmine , Mucherino Carmela , Pianese Domenico
Published: February 2015

In this paper, a procedure for the optimal design of rural drainage networks is presented and demonstrated. The suggested approach, exploring the potentialities offered by heuristic methods for the solution of complex optimization problems, is based on the use of a Genetic Algorithm (GA), coupled with a steady and uniform flow hydraulic module. In particular, this work has focused: on one hand, on the problems of a technical nature posed by the correct sizing of a drainage network; on the other hand, on the possibility to use a simple but nevertheless efficient GA to reach the minimal cost solution very quickly. The suitability of the approach is tested with reference to small and large scale drainage networks, already considered in the literature.
Les relations entre parents et personnels d’accueil de jeunes enfants. La transmission des normes au prisme des rapports entre classes sociales
Authors: Geay Bertrand
Published: February 2015

The relationship between parents and child carers of young children

Communicating norms throught social class interrelations

Following a year-long investigation on fifty families from wide-ranging social backgrounds, the author examines the relationships between parents and different types of child carers. The analysis brings to light a differential gap between parenting methods, and also identifies the norms that are passed on by different institutions surrounding family life. It also highlights the importance of social class in the way how child carers become involved with families. For example, specific connections are observed among registered pre-school assistants and the intermediary categories between working and middle classes. Privileged, yet less symmetrical, relationships between collective day nurseries and the educated upper class, and domestic employees and the wealthy upper class are outlined. The most precarious percentage of working class is excluded from any other relations with the family and loved ones.
Présentation
Authors: Troper Michel
Published: February 2015

Dworkin's success in anglo-saxon countries can be explained by the function of his theory : against realists and positivists he insists that judges do not make, but only apply law and he thus provides a justification for juridical review of legislation against the background of the theory of democracy. On the other hand he seems to reniew the debate between natural law and legal positivism and represents a legal philosophy for the benefit of practicing lawyers. It is a probability that this success will extend to continental law countries.
La sociologie du droit ou les limites d'une science
Authors: Van Houtte Jean
Published: February 2015

Ayant mené différentes recherches empiriques dans le domaine de la sociologie du droit, l'auteur s'est heurté à certaines questions qui sont sous-jacentes à son travail empirique. Comment définir le droit ? L'auteur plaide pour prendre comme point de départ le droit des juristes. Toutefois, comme sociologue, il situera le « droit des juristes » dans un contexte social global ou particulier. La sociologie du droit fait ainsi partie intégrante de la sociologie (générale) tout court. Dans une seconde partie, il réagit contre une sociologie du droit globalisante qui tend à développer ses ambitions dans deux directions : d'une part elle veut prétendre à inclure une philosophie sociale, d'autre part elle ambitionne de déterminer la pratique. A l'opposé de la vision marxiste, l'auteur se prononce en faveur d'une déconnection de la recherche sociologique de présuppositions ontologiques et de théories globales de société. De plus, science sociale et pratique sociale sont deux choses distinctes et différentes. L'apport de la sociologie à la politique est d'ailleurs limité par le fait de la méthode utilisée et du cadre de référence dans lequel elle fonctionne.
Le droit à l'envers
Authors: Maviel Jean , Fino Patrick
Published: February 2015

Practice of the Law involves the growth of a more and more complex knowledge. This knowledge intends to stand for the deed to which it is faced.

Now we try to show that representing a deed not only legitimates it but also cancels it. Failing to recognize this cancellation leads to put the deed in a system where Law adresses to nothing but Law and where the not represented remains of the deed are subject to expert's knowledge and to the scope of Sociology of Law.

What we attempt to do is to propose an alternative way of holding the deed in the practice of Law - to present it as something actual rather than to represent it - and this, as well from the side of sentence as from the side of offence.

We are then led to consider first, the myth of absolute power with the lose of the deed's oneness, second the care to comeback to the lost oneness in two stages : by rite in traditional society and by knowledge in historic society. This comeback to oneness is finally achieved into the theoretical model of perfect crime.
Gurvitch et les juristes
Authors: Carbonnier Jean
Published: February 2015

La sociologie juridique de Georges Gurvitch n'a pas rencontré auprès des juristes l'accueil qu'auraient dû lui mériter son originalité et sa profondeur. Cet échec est imputable, pour partie, à certains traits de la personnalité de Gurvitch. Mais des causes objectives s'y sont ajoutées : mettant l'accent sur le droit public au détriment du droit privé, retenant du droit les phénomènes de pouvoir plutôt que le procès et la discussion, la sociologie juridique de Gurvitch reposait sur une vision trop partielle et un peu imaginative de son objet.
L'agriculture et l'industrie dans le droit de la CEE
Authors: Snyder Francis G.
Published: February 2015

What is the difference between agriculture and industry ? If any differences exist, to what extent are they recognised, perpetuated or even created by law ? What consequences follow from the ways in which law symbolises, sanctions and maintains a distinction between these economic sectors ? This article explores these questions with regard to European Community law.

The argument of the article is three-fold. First, EC law draws a sharp distinction between agriculture and industry. Second, this legal distinction is now out of date. Third, EC law regarding the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is deeply contradictory. Fourth, to the extent that equity and equality are important Community social goals, the agricultural sector, as a sector, should not be recognised in EC law as having a special legal status.
Paix arctique et justice danoise au Groenland. Chronique de recherche
Authors: Schechter Elaine
Published: February 2015

The Greenland criminal Code attempted to graft traditional Inuit concepts of rehabilitation on to the Danish system of laws and procedures. In this paper, the evolution of the Greenland criminal Code is traced and the ways in which Greenlandic traditional concepts have been accommodated or otherwise are elucidated. It is argued that despite an ideology supporting maintenance of a Greenlandic legal perspective, the actual administration of justice in Greenland is increasingly a product of European legal thinking.
Actualité de Durkheim. Notes sur le néo-corporatisme en France
Authors: Supiot Alain
Published: February 2015

Loin de connaître le sort ingrat de "doctrine de professeur" que lui attribuait Raymond Aron, la théorie durkheimienne des groupes intermédiaires fournit un tableau de pensée opératoire pour comprendre l'évolution contemporaine du droit du travail.
Contre l'abstentionnisme en droit du travail
Authors: Collins Hugh
Published: February 2015

The general policy of British labour law during this century has been to abstain from legal intervention in order to permit collective bargaining to flourish. This policy rests upon an ideology called industrial pluralism which advocates collective bargaining as the means of introducing democracy, the Rule of Law, and fairness into the workplace. The author argues that collective bargaining fails to achieve the ideals of industrial pluralism because it overlooks bureaucratie domination in the workplace. This can only be overcome by detailed legal regulation designed to secure workers' rights.
Intérêt de l'entreprise, expertise et contrôle juridictionnel
Authors: van Gehuchten Pierre-Paul
Published: February 2015

The scrutiny of the close connection between expert appraisement and judicial review should be especially fruitful if it takes place on the borderline usually drawn between such different legal fields as labour law and economic law. The purpose of the paper is to consider how and why this connection takes different forms about the same topic : the "interest of the enterprise", following the field in wich it arises. The legal system as such doesn't answer it. It is therefore suggested that one relevant element has to be found in the neo-corporatist government of collective interests which contributes to externalize the expert appraisement out of the judicial review. However, one has to find new ways to reinforce the concept of control in the field of labour law, in order to face this paradox that in many cases workers get more enforceable rights in the economic law field than in that of the labour law.
La réception de l'œuvre de Max Weber dans la sociologie du droit aux Etats-Unis
Authors: Rocher Guy
Published: February 2015

L'accueil de la sociologie de Max Weber par les sociologues américains a été plutôt lent. Quatre périodes peuvent être distinguées : tout d'abord, la diffusion de la pensée de Weber par Talcott Parsons dans les années 1930 ; puis, après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, deux décennies durant lesquelles les travaux de Weber ont été traduits. Ensuite, une période de discussion de la pensée de Weber ; enfin, les quinze dernières années, marquées par un grand intérêt pour l'œuvre de Max Weber et de nombreuses publications la commentant.

Quant à sa sociologie du droit, elle fut la partie de ses travaux la plus longue à être reconnue. Karl Llewellyn fut le premier juriste américain à reconnaître l'influence de Weber dans les années 1930. Mais c'est seulement depuis les années 1970 que les juristes et les sociologues américains se sont intéressés à la sociologie juridique de Weber. Son influence actuelle peut se sentir spécialement dans trois courants de pensée : les théories évolutionnistes du droit, le Critical Legal Studies Movement et la sociologie du droit phénoménologique.
Les "valeurs" et le "détail" : réflexions sur la pratique de l'histoire du droit
Authors: Arnaud-Duc Nicole
Published: February 2015

When the legal historian spends some time in archives, she/he realizes that the law cannot be studied as a self-contained subject, but must be constantly situated in its environment. No purely legal methodology will allow one to understand the meaning of everyday social practice, which is the true creator of law. Unless one brings to bear the appropriate methodology, which draws on sociology, demography, psychology, anthropology, research will produce totally desembodied results. Legal history cannot allow itself to ignore social, political and economic reality.
Les langages juridiques : une typologie
Authors: Wroblewski Jerzy
Published: February 2015

The author deals with the languages of legal discourse. He analyses the legal language in which one formulates the statutes, and three juridical languages in which one speaks about law. There are three types of juridical languages : juridical jurisprudential language in which the décisions of the application of law are formulated ; juridical scientific language proper to the legal sciences discourse in general, and to legal dogmatics and legal theory in particular ; juridical common language used in other discourses about law, e.g. in the specialized language of advocates and in no-specialized audience of men-of-the-street. Each of the languages in question is presented in a semantical and pragmatical dimension, and its relations with other languages of legal discourse are discussed.
Possibilités d'une représentation conceptuelle de la situation normative
Authors: Stockinger Peter
Published: February 2015

The aim of this essay is to elaborate some typical conceptual features that contribute to a good comprehension of a normative situation. Therefore, there are considered, amongst others, features like "norm authority", "norm subject", "norm", "regulation" and so on. The notion "normative situation" is understood in a guite broad sense induding also corresponding expressions in natural language. The theoretical assumptions are basicatty founded on the one side on the article "The foundation of norms and normative statements" of G. H. von Wright and on the other side on the conceptual framework of structural semiotics.
Vérité et véridiction en droit
Authors: Landowski Eric
Published: February 2015

Que veut dire "prouver" dans le cadre du droit ? L'article met en évidence quatre types de régimes véridictoires, respectivement fondés sur l'évidence empirique des faits, sur la légalité des instruments probatoires, sur la vraisemblance sociale des discours de persuasion et sur la validité formelle des raisonnements démonstratifs. Des relations entre ces éléments résultent différentes configurations juridictionnelles possibles, allant d'une justice purement "sentimentale" à une justice utopiquement scientifique. Dans le déroulement du procès, les mêmes éléments tendent à définir, pour chacune des parties prenantes - témoins, défenseurs, plaideurs, experts - un mode spécifique d'accès à la "vérité" au regard du juge.
Définitions légales et interprétation de la loi
Authors: van Hoecke Mark
Published: February 2015

Four topics concerning legal definitions in statutes are studied : the utility and the nature of statutory definitions, the way in which these definitions are formulated, the importance of legal definitions for legal drafting, and the consequences of such statutory definitions for the interpretation of the statutes. It appears that the legislator defines concepts in the statutes in different way s. To such an extent that one cannot

clearly distinguish between an explicitly formulated classical definition, on the one side, and the other stipulations in the statutes in which the defined word is used , on the other side. This follows from the fact that the latter stipulations determine, precise and shade the legal meaning of the defined word to an important extent. It is argued that the "legal" meaning of a word is not in the first place determined by a statutory definition, but rather by the function the word fulfills in the statute and in the social regulation the legislator is aiming at, or, more generally speaking, the normative context of the word.
Le droit comme système social
Authors: Luhmann Niklas
Published: February 2015

Jurisprudence and sociology have different tasks. Jurisprudence describes the legal System from within and suggests how to interprete and apply legal norms. Sociology describes the legal System from the outside. To what extent an external description can touch upon the internal structure and internal problems depends upon its conceptual instruments. The present paper proposes to use the theory of self-referential autopoietic Systems to reconstruct the self-description of legal Systems, particularly its concept of norms, its ways of legal reasoning and its legal doctrine.
Et Habermas ? Le droit dans l'œuvre de Jürgen Habermas. Eléments d'orientation
Authors: Guibentif Pierre
Published: February 2015

L'importance des travaux de Jürgen Habermas pour la sociologie contemporaine est unanimement reconnue. Sa contribution à l'étude spécifique du phénomène juridique mérite qu'une attention toute particulière lui soit accordée par la sociologie juridique. Le présent article propose une brève introduction aux thèses de Habermas sur le droit, peu connues en France, tout en situant ces thèses dans le contexte du parcours de Jürgen Habermas et de l'évolution de l'actualité ouest-allemande.
Poder legal y poder pastoral
Authors: Serrano Gonzalez Antonio
Published: February 2015

Foucault's analyses of the seventies dealt with a marqued distinction between a strategic model of power and a repressive model of law. As is shown the criticism made by Habermas and Luhmann, this opposition doesn't seem to be too complex nowadays. This work tries to show an understanding wether the last theory of Foucault on the "pouvoir pastoral" can still furnish us with a manner of thinking which is possible to use for the sociological analysis of contemporary juridical practices.
Contractions
Authors: Goodrich Peter
Published: February 2015

Peter Goodrich undertakes a postmodernist deconstruction of the modernist daims to autonomy of analytical and pure theories of law as contract as indicated by Rousseau. The autonomy of law must suppose a repressive starting point or foundation. Considering the Social Contract alongside the Essay on the Origin of Language, also by Rousseau, Goodrich draws out Derridean themes of ghostly memory and obsessive repetition to expose what the pretended foundation of law represses.
Les origines de la répression des jeux en droit anglo-saxon : le contrôle de l'Homo ludens dans l'Angleterre du XIVe au XVIe siècle
Authors: Robert Pierre
Published: February 2015

L'auteur propose une analyse détaillée du droit pénal anglais à l'origine de la répression moderne des jeux et paris. Cette analyse fait apparaître les fondements particuliers de la répression du jeu dans l'Angleterre médiévale et l'émergence du processus de construction de l'illégalisme du jeu.
La délinquance juvénile considérée comme un indicateur de l'effectivité de la socialisation juridique en Bulgarie
Authors: Karakachev Vesselin
Published: February 2015

As we can tell that youth is the future of a given society, we can state that the young people's criminality is the criminality of tomorrow. In this respect, the data resulting from the research we present here are not to make us optimist. Actually, we notice that the criminality and recidivism of young people increase both absolutely and relatively. We believe that it is high time to sharpen the attention of all organizations and organs which struggle against this criminality, towards the whole of it and to stop to calm ourselves with the small figures which criminal court statistics present us. In fact, they reflect only the gravest cases of criminal manifestations of criminality among the adolescents. At last, it appears that in the conditions of the totalitarian State in Bulgaria the effectiveness of the legal socialisation of young people was very low.
The Relationship between Legal Reasoning and Behavioral Context
Authors: Cohn Ellen S. , White Susan O.
Published: February 2015

This paper explains why one can not ignore the behavioral context and assume a direct relationship between reasoning and behavior. Theoretically we argue that there are six gaps that make one question whether behavior automatically follows front reasoning. Empirically we provided evidence to support the theoretical argument from the legal socialization and the legal reasoning study. In the legal socialization study, norms about rule-violating behaviors and norms about enforcement mediate the relationship between reasoning and behavior. In the legal reasoning study, the behavioral context affects people's definition of the seriousness of the behavior and their judgment of certainty about the two charges. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Verifying and Applying Knowledge in the Social Sciences
Authors: Granger Gilles Gaston
Published: February 2015

To examine the problem of verification and application in the social sciences, we consider it on three levels : facts, hypotheses, theories, taking examples from Economies. Our general conclusion is that verifying and applying a piece of scientific knowledge fundamentally consists in testing a correlation between a system of objects and a system of operations.
Régime civil, droit et raison
Authors: Vuillemin Jules
Published: February 2015

Civil System, Law and Reason.

Civil society and civil system are distinguished. Civil society is ruled by law. Civil system has subjective rights protected by law. The question is whether civil system is founded upon experience or upon reason.
L'esprit du juge et la Loi, ou les premières fautes inexcusables des victimes de la circulation routière
Authors: Bories Serge
Published: February 2015

S'il est avéré que l'application de lois nouvelles appelle une nécessaire période d'adaptation pour que se forgent les normes interprétatives, il peut être éclairant de jeter un regard sur les mécanismes qui conduisent à leur mise en œuvre. L'observation d'ensemble des premières jurisprudences revêt alors toute son importance, traduisant les phénomènes de réceptivité ou de rejet de la loi nouvelle, son degré d'effectivité et les difficultés que les juges peuvent rencontrer dans leurs primes démarches. Cette approche, envisagée sous un angle phénoménologique (1) peut fournir une utile contribution à la recherche de la dynamique qui gouverne la création de la règle de droit judiciaire.

C'est dans cet état d'esprit qu'il est apparu éclairant d'observer les premières jurisprudences mettant en œuvre l'article 3 de la loi du 5 juillet 1985, intervenant dans le contexte de l'après- Desmares" (2) et tout juste avant que ne tombe le couperet de la Cour de Cassation dans cette fameuse série d'arrêts rendus le 20 juillet 1987 par la deuxième chambre civile (3).
La réserve privée du juge
Authors: Bancaud Alain
Published: February 2015

La réserve privée est un des principes sur lesquels la haute magistrature judiciaire a construit en France son unité historique et sa stratégie de corps séparé en même temps que transcendant. Le juge français a été en effet conduit à investir et même sur-investir dans la distance à l'argent, la respectabilité familiale et civique ou encore la discrétion sociale pour des raisons structurelles renvoyant à l'obligation symbolique pour tout juge de s'interdire ce qu'il doit contenir chez les autres mais aussi conjoncturelles tenant aux caractéristiques de son recrutement et à sa situation de dépendance politique et d'indigence matérielle.
L'évolution du rôle du droit dans la Cuba révolutionnaire
Authors: Evenson Debra
Published: February 2015

Les professions juridiques ont acquis à Cuba au cours de la dernière décennie un prestige et une importance considérables. Ce retournement de situation témoigne d'un changement d'attitude à l'égard du droit et des processus juridiques, nouvelle attitude qui contraste singulièrement avec la situation qui prévalait dans les années 1960 : à l'époque en effet, l'autorité étatique était concentrée dans les organes politiques et les institutions juridiques s'étaient vu dépossédées de toute autonomie. Le changement intervenu récemment est lié à la restructuration politique et économique qui a vu le jour dans les années 1970 et qui a ouvert la voie à un processus de démocratisation et de décentralisation. La valorisation actuelle du droit et des juristes exerce semble-t-il une influence positive sur l'extension et la protection des droits civiques.
Violation des droits de l'homme et redémocratisation au Brésil : sous l'Etat scélérat, la société perfide...
Authors: Oliveira Luciano
Published: February 2015

Human Rights Violation and Redemocratization in Brazil : A Treacherous Society within a Wrongful State.

Human rights violation made up one of the most striking issues raised in the latin-american political agenda during the seventies. In order to face the Brazilian « torturing State », a movement to defend human rights emerged under the guidance of the Catholic Church and the Brazilian Bar Association. This movement mobilized the public opinion and played a fundamental role in the disintegration of the military regime. However, at the end of the dictatorship period, this movement oecame stronger and instead of dealing with political prisoners it started to defend tortured common prisoners stemming from low income class. After this period, human rights militants were accused to protect marginals and the public opinion became hostile to this new approach of the movement. In the past, torturing practices related to middle class prisoners caused indignation among Brazilians. At the present, an apatnetic society sees these practices coming back within a different realm. This contrasting behavior tells us a lot about the strong hierarchy that pervades the Brazilian society. Beyond the classical dichotomy « dominated and dominants », this society is also based upon a more tragic dichotomy : those who are eligible to be tortured and others that are not eligible to be tortured.
Introduction à l'article de H. Kelsen
Authors: Coppens Philippe
Published: February 2015

Dans cet article introductif, l'auteur examine les questions de validité et de l'interprétation formulées par Hans Kelsen en les resituant dans le cadre contemporain de la philosophie du droit. Il montre que la Théorie pure du droit révèle une claire conscience du rapport entre la validité d'un ordre juridique et son enracinement sociologique de même qu'entre la fonction de juger, l'éthique et le politique.
Qu'est-ce que la théorie pure du droit ?
Authors: Kelsen Hans
Published: February 2015

What is Pure Theory of Law ?

The text of Kelsen translated here dates from 1953. It therefore falls squarely between the two editions of his Pure Theory of Law (1934 and 1960). In this article, Kelsen re-examines the essential theses of his theory in an effort to demonstrate the structural specificity demanded by any valid theory of law, contrasting it to ethics and politics, as well as to the natural sciences grounded in principles of causality.
L'entrée du syndicat de la magistrature dans le champ juridique en 1968
Authors: Devillé Anne
Published: February 2015

The Entrante of the Magistrates' Union into the French legal Field in 1968.

Created in 1968, the Magistrates' Union has played an important part within the French legal changes wnose main conséquences it perceived accurately. The union was also the product of several transformations in the social and professional field from which it took benefit. Lastly, the Magistrates' Union was a response to changes in the judiciary which both enclosed the social actors into a System of constraints and offered then new opportunities for action. In this perspective, the author has studied the characteristics of the first members of the Magistrates' Union and their reasons to enrol at the very time when they were serving in courts and at the Ministry of Justice.
La carte géographique des cas de divorce à travers les statistiques judiciaires
Authors: Rondeau-Rivier Marie-Claire
Published: February 2015

The Geographical Mapping of Divorce Cases as represented through Judicial Statistics.

In presenting the geographical distribution of divorce cases in France, the author wishes to show the implications of procedural rules and the existence of judicial practices which vary greatly from one court to another. The distortions observed illustrate the limited control exercised by married couples over a type of legal procedure which is managed by legal practitioners as though they were dealing with mass litigation. The explanation of the geographical mapping of divorce lies in the sociological analysis of the Bar rather than of the family.
La Justice est-elle « délocalisable » dans les médias ?
Authors: Garapon Antoine
Published: February 2015

Ce qu'illustre de manière exemplaire les rapports entre la Justice et les médias aujourd'hui, c'est l'illusion contemporaine d'une démocratie directe : on passe subrepticement de la dénonciation d'un dysfonctionnement à une disqualification des institutions et, enfin, à une substitution ponctuelle au travail de l'institution mais suffisante pour montrer que les médias peuvent mieux faire, qu'ils sont devenus le véritable lieu de la vérité démocratique parce que le plus apte à représenter les attentes sociales et à faire communiquer les citoyens entre eux. Désormais, la justice est recherchée sur la place publique, hors la médiation de la règle et d'un espace propre pour la discussion, c'est-à-dire sans le secours d'un cadre, sensible et intellectuel, qui la réalise. Bref, à travers les médias, nous vivons le fantasme d'une démocratie « délocalisée » dans le vrai sens du terme. Mais ce qui s'annonce va-t-il perfectionner nos institutions ou ne risque-t-il pas, au contraire, de nous faire régresser à l'état de nature ?
Quand le Code civil interdit le mariage et marie les défunts
Authors: Biégelmann-Massari Michèle
Published: February 2015

When the French Civil Code forbids marriage and marries the deceased.

Individuals have always structured the network within which they may identify their potential spouses. Some marriages are positively encouraged, others authorized, and certain forbidden. While the marriage rate throughout Western countries is declining, one may question the reasons behind a certain aspiration towards matrimonial status, a status otherwise normally challenged by common practice. All the more intriguing is the fact that since the beginning of the XIXth Century, requests for exemption for marriages between blood relations or persons related through marriage have fallen sharply, whereas a slight increase in requests for posthumous marriages (a practice specific to France) has occured. The study of requests concerning civil exemptions for marriage provides insight into the reasons underlying the contemporary loss of interest in marriage.
Réflexions autour de la conception post-moderne du droit
Authors: Maisani Pauline , Wiener Florence
Published: February 2015

La rationalité, l'effectivité et la légitimité de la règle de droit posent aujourd'hui problème. Afin de rendre compte de ces évolutions du champ juridique, divers auteurs proposent l'avènement d'un nouveau paradigme post-moderne. Ce projet, également militant puisqu'il s'inscrit dans une volonté de démocratisation du droit, s'incarne dans la notion de complexité, et invite à une rupture épistémologique. Cette analyse, indéniablement stimulante, laisse pour autant certaines questions en suspens, qui concernent aussi bien la conception théorique et pratique du droit que la validité du saut épistémologique proposé.
La double vie de la médiation
Authors: Faget Jacques
Published: February 2015

The Two lives of Mediation.

France is currently the scene of a powerful process of institutionalization of mediation. Its flexibility and the increasingly ordered nature of community mediation could lead us to believe it is an osmotic movement between two functionally complementary models. But it is nothing of the kind. Analysis of the tensions between the two lives of médiation reveals the existence of an ideological conflict which has dynamic effects on society and on the judiciary System.
Politique publique et dépistage du sida : les observations d'un juriste privatiste
Authors: Neirinck Claire
Published: February 2015

En France, la prévention du sida repose essentiellement sur le dépistage individuel spontané. En termes de santé publique, l'intérêt collectif dépend de démarches individuelles. Celles-ci, cependant, ne sont pas réellement favorisées dans la mesure où les droits des malades sont mal garantis à l'occasion du dépistage. Face aux assureurs, aux employeurs, ou même à titre personnel, la personne infectée a souvent un intérêt égoïste à ne pas connaître son état. On peut s'interroger sur l'efficacité d'une politique publique en matière sanitaire qui coïncide si mal avec les faits.
Les politiques publiques en matière sanitaire : la lutte contre le sida. Éléments d'approche économique
Authors: Plassard Jean-Michel
Published: February 2015

L'importance et les enjeux de l'épidémie du sida interpellent fortement la communauté scientifique. À l'instar des autres sciences sociales, l'analyse économique pose un certain nombre de questions spécifiques et propose une version partielle du phénomène. Si l'approche considérée privilégie naturellement les problèmes d'allocation de ressources, celle- ci ne s'inscrit pas pour autant dans une démarche moniste. Selon que l'on met en avant une logique sectorielle ou les spécificités du bien santé, l'analyse peut déboucher star « le marché du sida » ou sur les politiques de lutte contre la maladie. La convergence peut cependant s'organiser autour des problèmes d'évaluation et de mesure du coût économique du sida pour la collectivité.
Genèse de l'alcool au volant à travers la jurisprudence (1930-1980)
Authors: Laé Jean-François
Published: February 2015

Si l'on interroge les récits fournis par la jurisprudence d'un point de vue anthropologique, les singularités et les affects publics qui s'y expriment, il est alors possible de suivre comment les notions telles que la manifestation publique de l'ivresse, l'irresponsabilité, l'empire d'un état alcoolique, la mise en danger d'autrui se chargent d'une signification non juridique. Cette tentative d'élucidation du rapport entre les affects publics et la jurisprudence ouvre une hypothèse sur la part du non-droit du droit, l'ensemble des énoncés qui amassent des vérités, lestent le réel en transformant peu à peu les notions juridiques lorsqu'il s'agit de l'alcool au volant.
Justice imposée, justice négociée : les limites d'une opposition, l'exemple du parquet
Authors: Mondon Denis
Published: February 2015

Le procureur de la République est le maître des poursuites dans le système pénal français. Cette affirmation logique au regard des textes qui gouvernent la matière mérite d'être complétée par une analyse concrète tirée d'une part des conditions d'approvisionnement du ministère public, d'autre part de l'évolution générale des décisions judiciaires où négociation et imperium s'entrecroisent dans une trame probablement indivisible. C'est bien plus de la combinaison de sa place dans un réseau d'acteurs multiples et de ses pouvoirs légaux importants que de ceux-ci seulement que le parquet tire désormais efficacité et légitimité.
Champ juridique, juristes et règles de droit : une sociologie entre disqualification et paradoxe
Authors: Ocqueteau Frédéric , Soubiran-Paillet Francine
Published: February 2015

L'analyse sociologique de P. Bourdieu sur le droit est indissociable de son entreprise d'explication du monde social. La présente réflexion se greffe sur des travaux d'ordre ethnologique, entrepris dans les années soixante. L'habitus y occupe une place essentielle. Bourdieu accomplira deux démarches en sens inverse, dans le temps, pour mettre en relation habitus et règle de droit. Il cherchera d'abord à en découdre avec le juridisme, en s'efforçant de fonder une théorie adéquate de la pratique. Cela ne l'empêchera pourtant pas de s'interroger, plus tard, à propos des effets de ce juridisme sur les agents sociaux, donnant ainsi un caractère paradoxal à sa sociologie. Le champ juridique et l'attention portée aux professionnels qui mettent en œuvre les règles de droit, plutôt qu'à ceux qui les élaborent, constituent les apports fondamentaux de cette sociologie d'inspiration largement weberienne.
Des « passe-droits » aux passes du droit. La mise en œuvre socio-juridique de l'action publique
Authors: Lascoumes Pierre , Le Bourhis Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2015

From Illegitimate Favours to Legal Channels : The Socio-Juridic Implementation of Public Policies.

The question of the law, its role and its effects on public policies, has been widely discussed. Pierre Bourdieu participated in this debate with an article in which he introduces the concept of « illegitimate favour » (« passe-droit »). He designs a scheme for the analysis of public policies according to « territorial areas ». Relevant issues are presented. The authors raise two points overlooked by sociologist thinking that concentrates mainly on the specific use that public officers make of the regulation, neglecting the content and the effects of the rule itself. The first point challenges the unique rule model and considers the existence of legal « channels » open to all the participants. The second point questions the monopoly that the State and Public Administration enjoy in the interpretation and implementation of the rules. In fact, they interact with other public and private actors vvho use these legal rules and the channels lying hidden within them, with more or less success, according to their ability.