bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature-dependent Photo-Elastic Coefficient of Silicon at 1550 nm
Authors: Dickmann Johannes , Meyer Jan , Gaedtke Mika , Kroker Stefanie
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a study on the temperature dependent photo-elastic coefficient in single-crystal silicon with (100) and (110) orientations at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The measurement of the photo-elastic coefficient was performed using a polarimetric scheme across a wide temperature range from 5 K to 300 K. The experimental setup employed high-sensitivity techniques and incorporated automatic beam path correction, ensuring precise and accurate determination of the coefficient’s values. The results show excellent agreement with previous measurements at room temperature, specifically yielding a value of dn/dσ = −2.463 × 10-11 1/Pa for the (100) orientation. Interestingly, there is a significant difference in photo-elasticity between the different crystal orientations of approximately 50 %. The photo-elastic coefficient’s absolute value increases by approximately 40 % with decreasing temperature down to 5 K. These findings provide valuable insights into the photo-elastic properties of silicon and its behavior under varying mechanical stress, particularly relevant for optomechanical precision experiments like cryogenic gravitational wave detectors and microscale optomechanical quantum sensors.
A first approach to MCI and Dementia prevalence through Q-RUDAS in the elderly Quechua population
Authors: Zegarra-Valdivia Jonathan Adrián , Quispe Ruth Diana Mamani , Turpo José Chinoapaza , Paredes-Manrique Carmen , Malaga Marco , Mamani-Benito Oscar , Montesinos Rosa , Custodio Nilton , Tosto Giuseppe
Published: October 2023

Background:The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) has proven to be one of the best instruments of cognitive function evaluation in illiterate and low-educated participants; it is easy to adapt in different countries, languages, and cultures, showing good validation properties. In Peru, we are working to bring this instrument to Quechua speakers. The present study aimed to obtain the first approach to cognitive prevalence in elderly individuals in their native language.
Methods:After an initial pilot study (Malaga in preparation), we use the culturally and language-adapted Q-RUDAS in the Peruvian Quechua population of the Puno region (n=511), with a mean age of 65.04 ± 6.73 means (ranging from 59 to 92 years), 80.4% of the sample were females. We obtain socio-demographic data (educational level, occupation, and precedence residence area) and the Q-RUDAS scores. Additionally, we asked the patients open-ended questions about the test adaptation. We excluded patients with antecedents of pathologies that may interfere with the performance of the test. Verbal and signed consent were obtained. We use the previous RUDAS cut-off from Peruvian validation studies to have an initial approach to cognitive prevalence.
Results:We include 493 participants without relevant medical history. Participants understood all Q-RUDAS items but reported difficulties with visuospatial construction (more than 50% could not draw the cube, more than 25% failed to draw some parts, and around 20% drew it accordingly). The mean score of Q-RUDAS was 26.01 ± 2.71. We found that 446 participants have standard scores (26.67 ± 1.92), 41 MCI (21.49 ± 1.92), and 6 participants that meet scores of dementias (17.00 ± 2.71). Besides, differences were found in the total score regarding the precedence area of participants, with Urban´s having an increased score.
Conclusion:The previously adapted RUDAS test to Quechua (Q-RUDAS) in Peru was well understood among native patients. This culturally sensitive tool is essential for diagnosing dementia in indigenous populations, but more studies are needed, such as cross-validation studies. An initial approach of the prevalence of MCI and dementia is around 9.52 % in the native population.
Association of body mass index variability with multimorbidity in the elderly
Authors: Han Hua , Zhang Yayun
Published: October 2023

Background Body mass index (BMI) variability has been found to be associated with higher mortality and aging related chronic disease. However, there are few studies on the relationship between BMI variability and multimorbidity.Objectives To investigate the relationship between BMI variability and comorbidity and provide evidence-based medical evidence for finding therapeutic targets to reduce the incidence of multimorbidity.Methods This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. We included 14195 people more than 60 years old from 1999–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). All samples had complete chronic disease information and BMI recordings. BMI variability were calculated by average successive variability (ASV). Participants were stratified by BMI Variability into five groups and ORs and 95%CIs were calculated compared with lowest quartile group.Results For elderly people with chronic disease, the incidence of multimorbidity was from 68.0–95.5%, and it increased from the lowest to the highest quartile groups in most chronic disease(P < 0.01). Stroke was the most common disease coexisting with other chronic diseases (87.2–95.5%), followed by heart disease (85.4–94.0%). While in hypertension elderly people, the ratio was relatively lower (68.0–80.1%). In both three models, the odds ratios (ORs) of multimorbidity incidence significantly increased in the groups with high BMI variability (P < 0.001). And for multimorbidity patients, the ORs (95% CI) were increased from quintile 1 to quintile 5 group (P < 0.001).Conclusions BMI variability was associated with incidence of multimorbidity, and it seems that higher weight variation showed a large response.
Building a Maternal and Child Cohort Amidst Lebanon’s Socioeconomic Collapse: Preliminary Results and Navigating Research Challenges
Authors: Kaddoura Rima , Elbejjani Martine , Tamim Hani , Mahfoud Ziyad R , Salameh Pascale , Mirza Fadi , Charafeddine Lama
Published: October 2023

In recent years, research has shown how connected systems influence health. Lebanon's financial predicament and political unrest have created a multifaceted crisis landscape with shortage in essential services. Social determinants like socioeconomic status and social support along with maternal mental health have been linked to preterm birth. Preterm infants are particularly disadvantaged, needing comprehensive, multidisciplinary support for optimal development. This study delves into exploring the impact of the social environment on preterm infants' developmental outcomes amidst Lebanon’s complex crises. Exploring the links between determinants of health and preterm outcomes gains urgency in this context. Lebanon's healthcare and economic deterioration over the past years is expected to amplify these risks, emphasizing the need to understand their impacting on both birth outcomes and infants’ cognitive development.
We aimed to establish a prospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of the social environment on birth and developmental outcomes. This multicenter prospective cohort faced challenges that can be categorized into recruitment, follow-up, and in data collection challenges. Emigration of Lebanese citizens affected recruitment, reducing the pool of eligible participants. Birth rates decreased due to the socioeconomic and political crises. Follow-up assessments were hindered by rising healthcare costs and obstacles with transportation.
Whilst the study is still ongoing, preliminary results highlight the importance of the social environment and contextual conditions. The WHO Quality of Life Questionnaire scores of the preterm infants’ mothers were significantly lower than those of term infants across physical, psychological, and social domains. Stress levels were noted to be high across most of the mothers. Economic challenges decreased the purchasing power and limited income measurement in the cohort.
Findings from this study aim to provide critical data on the crises’ effect on social determinants, child developmental outcomes, and their relationship. Results can have important implications for informed resource allocation and timely interventions.
Non-Functioning Pituitary Macroadenoma: A Rare Case of Severe Headache and Fever
Authors: Chauhan Dhruva , Yadav Anant
Published: October 2023

Introduction: In this case report, we present a unique case of a non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma that initially presented as a benign headache persisting for 2-3 years and responsive to NSAIDs.
Case Presentation: The patient, a 35-year-old female, had been experiencing headaches for 2-3 years, which had previously resolved with NSAIDs. However, she developed a fever and a progressively worsening headache over the course of 3-4 days, and NSAIDs no longer provided relief. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations showed normal results. Imaging confirmed the presence of a pituitary cystic adenoma measuring 2 cm x 1.5 cm x 1 cm, and hormonal assessment confirmed a non-functioning pituitary adenoma. Consultation with an Ophthalmologist ruled out papilledema and retinopathy. Neurosurgery was consulted, and the removal of the pituitary adenoma was planned. The patient received supportive therapy, including Tab Clonazepam 0.5 mg OD for 4 days, Inj Pantoprazole 40 mg BD, Inj Ondansetron 4 mg TDS, Inj Ceftriaxone 1 g BD, Inj Paracetamol 150 mg TDS for 4 days. The surgical removal of the tumor resulted in the resolution of the patient's symptoms.
Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of thorough screening for malignant causes in cases of persistent headaches, regardless of their response to NSAIDs.
Using Radar and Optical Satellite Images to Delineate Paleodrainages in Desert Regions: A Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Saud Mashael Al
Published: October 2023

Al Saud (2023) worked on detailed cartography for all drainage systems of Saudi Arabia using SRTM DEM and topographic maps. However, a number of watercourses were noted with anomalous morphometric behavior. This includes abrupt termination of stream networks, traces for dry channels and presence of linear wet and saline soil horizons. This was attributed to the existence of paleochannels which have been noted in several studies in the Arabian Peninsula including Saudi Arabia. The history of these channels was returned to Late Quaternary (Pleistocene) epoch when large global climate fluctuations occurred, and these changes were reflected in topographic rippling and abrupt changes in terrain slopping, which in turn acted on the extinction of many watercourses and creation of others. This study aims at characterizing several observations for paleochannels in Saudi Arabia using remote sensing products. In this respect, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) was used to generate detailed drainage systems; while Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array Type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) were processed to detect paleochannels and the relevant paleo-geomorphological features by adopting a number of digital techniques. Several aspects of these channels were identified. The significance of paleochannels includes the high potentiality for groundwater storage, and interprets the geographic extent of saline water on-land.
CircHIPK3 regulates fatty acid metabolism through miR-637/FASN axis to promote esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Wen , Cao Shi-qiang , Xue Song-tao , Li Wen-juan , Hu Guo-sheng , Wu Zhi-gang , Zheng Jian-cong , Zhang Shu-liang , Lin Xiao , Chen Chun , Zheng Bin
Published: October 2023

The oncogenic role of circRNAs in cancers including esophageal cancer (EC) has been well studied. However, whether and how circRNAs are involved in cancer cell metabolic processes remains largely unknown. Here, we reported that circRNA, circHIPK3, is highly expressed in ESCC cell lines and tissues. Knockdown of circHIPK3 significantly restrained cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, circHIPK3 was found to act as a ceRNA by sponging miR-637 to regulate FASN expression and fatty acid metabolism in ESCC cells. Anti-sense oligonucleotide (ASO) targeting circHIPK3 substantially inhibited ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, these results uncover a modulatory axis constituting of circHIPK3/miR-637/FASN may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for ESCC in the clinic.
Effects of prone positioning on ARDS outcomes of trauma and surgical patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Phoophiboon Vorakamol , Owattanapanich Natthida , Owattanapanich Weerapat , Schellenberg Morgan
Published: October 2023

Background:
Prone position is an option for rescue therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, there are limited relevant data among trauma and surgical patients, who may be at increased risk for complications following position changes. This study aimed to identify the benefits and risks of proning in this patient subgroup.
Methods:
Follow the PRISMA 2020, MEDLINE and EMBASE database searches were conducted. Additional search of relevant primary literature and review articles was also performed. A random effects model was used to estimate the PF ratio, mortality rate, mechanical ventilator days, and intensive care unit length of stay using Review Manager 5.4.1 software.
Results:
Of 1,128 studies, 15 articles were included in this meta-analysis. The prone position significantly improved the PF ratio compared with the supine position (mean difference, 79.26; 95% CI, 53.38 to 105.13). The prone position group had a statistically significant mortality benefit (risk ratio [RR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.67). Although there was no significant difference in the intensive care unit length of stay, the prone position significantly decreased mechanical ventilator days (-2.59; 95% CI, -4.21 to -0.97). On systematic review, minor complications were frequent, especially facial edema. There were no differences in local wound complications.
Conclusions:
The prone position has comparable complications to the supine position. With its benefits of increased oxygenation and decreased mortality, the prone position can be considered for trauma and surgical patients. A prospective multicenter study is warranted.
Birth attendants’ lived experiences of caring for pregnant women suspected to or diagnosed with Covid 19 in labor and delivery ward based on a phenomenological approach
Authors: Alirezaei Somayeh , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad , Sharifi Farangis
Published: October 2023

Background
Covid 19 pandemic has imposed the increased workload and challenges to birth attendants while providing the required care for delivery in mothers. However, so far, no study has been performed based on the experiences and views of this group. The present study was performed with the aim of filling the existing research gap in this field by exploring the real time experiences of birth attendants in caring for suspected/infected pregnant mothers during the pandemic.
Methods
The present research is a qualitative phenomenological study that was conducted on birth attendants (midwives and doctors) of pregnant women suspected/infected with covid-19 in the delivery department of teaching hospitals located in Mashhad, Iran, from March to May 2020. The qualitative data was collected about the real time experiences of the participants and was analyzed by six methodological steps proposed by Van Menen (1990).
Results
Interviews were performed with 12 birth attendants working in teaching hospitals. Four final themes were obtained about the real time experience of this group for caring pregnant women suspected/infected with Covid-19 in the delivery department. These themes included: "lost peace", "spirituality", "pride" and "looking forward to a better future".
Conclusion
The final results indicated that despite the fact that midwives/gynecologists played a valuable role as obstetricians in the frontline of the fight against the Covid-19 disease, they faced many challenges in various occupational, personal, and emotional dimensions. By the way, structural organizational policies are recommended to provide midwives/gynecologists an equal and safe position to fully perform their profession and a have healthy relationship within the family.
An unexpected opportunity can turn an old friend into a foe: septic arthritis caused by Neisseria macacea
Authors: Besli Yesim , okullu Sinem oktem , Kocagoz Sesin , Gundogdu Yasemin , Deniz Orhan Cem
Published: October 2023

Any patient presenting with acute, non-traumatic joint pain, swelling, and fever needs prompt evaluation and diagnosis for septic-type arthritis to enable effective treatment. Septic arthritis is primarily caused by bacteria and is frequently the most destructive form of acute arthritis, which requires rapid treatment. Although larger joints such as the hip and knee are more frequently affected, smaller joints such as the shoulder and ankle can also be affected. Septic arthritis is mostly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus infections and usually affects only one joint. In this article, we present a case of septic arthritis in which Neisseria macacae was identified as the causative agent for the first time to our knowledge, in order to emphasize an underlying factor and microbiological differential diagnosis. The isolate was initially identified using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) and confirmed with Next Generation Sequencing. The primary objective of this report is to highlight that although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are considered as pathogens, the other members of Neisseria species present in human and animal nasopharynx can cause opportunistic infections under favorable conditions. It is important to acknowledge the potential of these organisms to cause infections.
Comparison Between a Machine Learning Model and Dental Specialists for Measuring Periodontal Bone Loss
Authors: Cerda Diego , Cerda Patricio , Vicuña Daniela , Ortuño Duniel
Published: October 2023

Background
Considering the prevalence of Periodontitis, new tools to help improve its diagnostic workflow could be beneficial. Machine Learning (ML) models have already been used in dentistry to automate radiographic analysis.
Aims
To determine the efficacy of an ML model for automatically measuring Periodontal Bone Loss (PBL) on panoramic radiographs.
Methods
A dataset of 2010 molar images with and without PBL was segmented using Label Studio. The dataset was split into n = 2010 images for building a training dataset and n = 40 images for building a testing dataset. We propose a model composed of three components. Firstly, statistical inference techniques find probability functions that best describe the segmented dataset. Secondly, Convolutional Neural Networks extract visual information from the training dataset. Thirdly, an algorithm calculates PBL as a percentage and classifies it in stages. Afterwards, a standardized test compared the model to two radiologists, two periodontists and one general dentist. The test was built using the testing dataset, 40 questions long, done in controlled conditions, with radiologists considered as ground truth. Presence or absence, percentage, and stage of PBL were asked, and time to answer the test was measured in seconds. Diagnostic indices, performance metrics and performance averages were calculated for each participant.
Results
The model had an acceptable performance for diagnosing light to moderate PBL (weighted sensitivity 0.23, weighted F1-score 0.29) and was able to achieve real-time diagnosis. However, it proved incapable of diagnosing severe PBL (sensitivity, precision, and F1-score = 0).
Conclusions
We propose a Machine Learning model that automates the diagnosis of Periodontal Bone Loss in panoramic radiographs with acceptable performance.
Factors associated with underutilization of cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women in Serenje District, Central Province
Authors: Makina Maphious Shindanyi , Bwembya Phoebe Albina
Published: October 2023

Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (UNAIDS 201959). An estimated 604,000 new cases were diagnosed globally and an estimate of 342,000 deaths recorded in 2020 (Sung et al., 2021). According to WHO (202056) about 6.5% of all female cancers are cervical cancer related and 5% of cases are attributable to HIV. Zambia is ranked second on incidences of Cervical Cancer and mortality is estimated at 1,839 (WHO, 202030). Current utilization of cervical cancer screening services (CCSS) in Zambia among HIV positive women at 27%, implies underutilization (UNAIDS 201959). HIV Positive women in Serenje District have not been utilizing the services, as the percentage (25.8) of women accessing the service is low. This study determined factors associated with underutilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Services (CCSS) among HIV + women in Serenje district. Methods; Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 303 HIV positive women in Serenje District of central province, Zambia. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit respondents from selected facilities and a structured questionnaire used for data collection. Statistical Software (STATA V 15), Univariate/bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to determine associations between variables. Results; Utilisation of CCSS in Serenje District was low. Only 42.24% of respondents reported utilizing the service. Being far from a healthcare facility [AOR: 0.49 (P < 0.036, 95% CI 0.25–0.96)], having low/inadequate knowledge [AOR: 0.26 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.13–0.54)], Low income [AOR: 0.16 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.06–0.37)] and attitude of women on CCSS [AOR: 0.26 (P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.12–0.53)] contributed to reduced utilisation. Conclusion; low knowledge, poor attitude and far distances to facilities as well as poor socio economic status were found to be the contributing factors to underutilization of the CCSS. In order to take the CCSS as closer to the communities as possible, it is recommended that the District designs and implements awareness campaigns on cervical cancer screening service; engages in outreach awareness campaigns; and conducts screening camps.
Physical and chemical characterization of Pb-rich particles from a Pb-Zn smelting and refining factory on the environment and health under semiarid conditions
Authors: JIMENEZ MARTIN SOTO , Roos-Muñoz S. , Soto-Morales S. , Gómez-Lizarrága L. E. , Bucio-Galindo L.
Published: October 2023

Metal-rich particles originating from non-ferrous metallurgical activities are the primary source of atmospheric metals. These particles vary in size, morphology, and elemental and mineral compositions and become integrated into urban environments alongside aerosols, dust, and soils. Over time, environmental influences cause these particles to weather, leading to alterations in composition, the development of secondary phases, and a significant impact on metal availability and toxicity compared to their initial state. This study focuses on lead (Pb)-rich particles emitted from the Met-Mex Peñoles complex, one of the world's largest Ag-Cd-Pb-Zn smelting and refining facilities, situated in Torreón, North Mexico, operating since 1901. Torreón is characterized by arid conditions, temperature fluctuations, and low humidity. Dry atmospheric particles were collected in 2015 and 2017 from Torreón's urban area within a 3 km radius of the Met-Mex Peñoles complex. Analysis techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were employed to determine the elemental composition and mineralogy of Pb-rich particles. SEM-EDS analysis revealed diverse Pb-rich particle sizes and morphologies with varying Pb and other element contents. XRD analysis confirmed the presence of Pb and Zn sulfides, Pb carbonates, Pb sulfate, and Pb oxides in urban dust, both as individual particles and agglomerates. Primary Pb minerals were linked to fugitive feed concentrates and smelter flue gas at Met-Mex Peñoles, while secondary Pb minerals resulted from direct emissions and weathering processes. Compared to galena, secondary Pb minerals like Pb carbonates, Pb sulfate, and Pb oxides exhibit higher chemical availability in the environment, posing greater risks to both the environment and human health. In summary, physical and chemical transformations in Pb-rich particles contribute to increased lead bioavailability and toxicity in urban dust, with substantial implications for environmental and human health. These findings underscore the potential consequences of lead-rich particle presence in urban areas.
Semi-arid Irrigation Farm Dams Are a Small Source of Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Webb Jackie R , Quayle Wendy C , Ballester Carlos , Wells Naomi S
Published: October 2023

Small artificial waterbodies are larger emitters of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) than natural waterbodies. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommends these waterbodies are accounted for in national emission inventories, yet data is extremely limited for irrigated landscapes. To derive a baseline of their greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint, we investigated 38 irrigation farm dams in horticulture and broadacre cropping in semi-arid NSW, Australia. Dissolved CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide (N2O) were measured in spring and summer, 2021-2022. While all dams were sources of CH4 to the atmosphere, 52% of irrigation farm dams were sinks for CO2 and 70% were sinks for N2O. Relationships in the linear mixed effect models indicate that CO2 concentrations were primarily driven by dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonium, and sediment carbon content, while N2O concentration was best explained by an interaction between DO and ammonium. Methane concentrations did not display any relationship with typical biological variables and instead were related to soil salinity, trophic status, and size. Carbon dioxide-equivalent emissions were highest in small (<0.001 km2) dams (305 g CO2-eq m-2 season-1) and in those used for recycling irrigation water (249 g CO2-eq m-2 season-1), with CH4 contributing 70% of average CO2-eq emissions. However, irrigation dams had considerably lower CH4 emissions (mean 40 kg ha-1 yr-1) than the IPCC emission factor (EF) of 183 kg CH4 ha-1 yr-1 for constructed ponds and lower N2O EF of 0.06% than the indirect EF for agricultural surface waters (0.26%). This synoptic survey reveals existing models may be severely overestimating (4-5 times) farm dam CH4 and N2O emissions in semi-arid irrigation areas. Further research is needed to define these artificial waterbodies in emissions accounting.
The brain-bone marrow axis and its implications for chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ritzel Rodney , Li Yun , Jiao Yun , Doran Sarah , Khan Niaz , Henry Rebecca , Brunner Kavitha , Loane David , Faden Alan , Szeto Gregory , Wu junfang
Published: October 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes acute and chronic alterations in systemic immune function which contribute to posttraumatic neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. However, how TBI affects bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells chronically and to what extent such changes may negatively impact innate immunity and neurological function has not been examined. To further understand the role of BM cell derivatives on TBI outcome, we generated BM chimeric mice by transplanting BM from chronically injured or sham congenic donor mice into otherwise healthy, age-matched, irradiated hosts. After 8 weeks of reconstitution, peripheral myeloid cells from TBIàWT mice showed significantly higher oxidative stress levels and reduced phagocytic activity. At eight months after reconstitution, TBIàWT chimeric mice were leukopenic, with continued alterations in phagocytosis and oxidative stress responses, as well as persistent neurological deficits. Gene expression analysis revealed BM-driven changes in neuroinflammation and neuropathology after 8 weeks and 8 months of reconstitution, respectively. Chimeric mice subjected to TBI showed that longer reconstitution periods were associated with increased microgliosis and leukocyte infiltration. Thus, TBI causes chronic activation and progressive dysfunction of the BM stem/progenitor cell pool, which drives long-term deficits in innate immunity and neurological function, as well as altered sensitivity to subsequent brain injury.
Changes in social inequalities in excess body weight and body dissatisfaction among adolescents in a large Mediterranean city, 2016-2021
Authors: Lopez-Muley Carlos , López Maria José , Pérez Katherine , Sánchez-Ledesma Esther , Serral Gemma
Published: October 2023

Purpose: We aimed to analyse the presence and changes of socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight and body dissatisfaction, stratified by sex, in 13- to 19-year-olds in a large Mediterranean city (Barcelona, Spain).
Methods: We used data from the 2016 and 2021 editions of the FRESC survey, which is a representative citywide survey that captures various aspects of adolescent health. Excess weight was determined by objective body mass index measurements. Body dissatisfaction was defined as the discrepancy between perceived and desired body shape. Socioeconomic status was divided into five pseudo-quintiles by using the Family Affluence Scale. We calculated the corresponding prevalence estimates and fitted robust Poisson regression models to estimate both simple and complex measures of inequality, including relative and absolute differences between the two survey years.
Results: During the study period, the overall prevalence of excess weight (25.3[23.9-26.6] vs. 29.8[28.2- 31.4]) and body dissatisfaction (44.2[42.6-45.8] vs. 60.4[58.7-62]) increased. Socioeconomic inequalities in excess weight significantly increased in girls (adjusted ratio of the relative index of inequalities = 1.72[1.08;2.74] but not in boys. Presence and persistence of socioeconomic inequalities were detected in body dissatisfaction in both girls and boys.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight the presence of a sex-specific change in socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent well-being regarding excess weight and body dissatisfaction. These results underscore the need for local public policies to improve social equity in adolescent health.
Trichoplusia Ni Transcriptomic Responses to the Phytosaponin Aglycone Hederagenin: Sex-related Differences
Authors: CHEN YINTING , LAFLEUR CHRISTINE , SMITH RYAN J. , KAUR DILJOT , DRISCOLL BRIAN T. , BEDE JACQUELINE C.
Published: October 2023

Many plant species, particularly legumes, protect themselves with saponins. Previously, a correlation was observed between levels of oleanolic acid-derived saponins, such as hederagenin, in the legume Medicago truncatula and caterpillar deterrence. Using concentrations that reflect the foliar levels, hederagenin did not have a toxic effect on 4th instar caterpillars of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni nor did it act as a feeding deterrent. However, female caterpillars consumed more diet than males, presumably to obtain the additional nutrients required for oogenesis, and are, thus, exposed to higher hederagenin levels. When fed diet with lower hederagenin levels, male caterpillars expressed more genes encoding trypsin-like (LOC113500509, LOC113501951, LOC113501953, LOC113501966, LOC113501965, LOC113499659, LOC113501950, LOC113501948, LOC113501957, LOC113501962, LOC113497819, LOC113501946, LOC113503910) and the cytochrome P450 6B2-like (LOC113493761). When fed the high hederagenin, male caterpillars expressed stress-responsive genes (LOC113503484, LOC113505107). In contrast, female caterpillars expressed high levels of the cytochrome P450 6B7-like (LOC113492289). Bioinformatic tools predict that cytochrome P450s could catalyze the oxygenation of hederagenin which would increase the hydrophilicity of the compound. Expression of the MFS transporter (LOC113492899) showed a hederagenin dose-dependent increase in gene expression suggesting that this transporter may be involved in saponin efflux. These sex-related differences in feeding and detoxification should be taken into consideration in insecticide evaluations to minimize pesticide resistance.
Integration of Whole-Exome Sequencing and Structural Neuroimaging Analysis in Major Depressive Disorder: A Joint Study
Authors: Ham Byung-Joo , Oh Eun-Young , Han Kyu-Man , Kim Aram , Kang Youbin , Tae Woo-Suk , Han Mi-Ryung
Published: October 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mental illness worldwide and is triggered by an intricate interplay between environmental and genetic factors. Although there are several studies on common variants in MDD, studies on rare variants are relatively limited. In addition, few studies have examined the genetic contributions to neurostructural alterations in MDD using whole-exome sequencing (WES). We performed WES in 367 patients with MDD and 161 healthy controls (HCs) to detect germline and copy number variations. Gene-based rare variants were analyzed to investigate the association between genes and individuals, followed by neuroimaging-genetic analysis to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the genetic impact in 234 patients with MDD and 135 HCs using diffusion tensor imaging data. We identified 40 MDD-related genes and observed 95 recurrent regions of copy number variations. We also discovered a novel gene, FRMPD3, carrying rare variants that influence MDD. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphism rs771995197 in the MUC6 gene was significantly associated with the integrity of widespread white matter tracts. Moreover, we identified 918 rare exonic missense variants in genes associated with MDD susceptibility. We postulate that rare variants of FRMPD3 may contribute significantly to MDD, with a mild penetration effect.
Well-being during pregnancy and the transition to motherhood: an explorative study through the lens of healthcare professionals
Authors: Ekelöf Katarina , Thomas Kristin , Almquist-Tangen Gerd , Nyström Christine Delisle , Löf Marie
Published: October 2023

Background
The perinatal period can be an overwhelming time involving significant physiological and psychosocial changes. The perinatal period has shown to be a time of increased vulnerability for onset or relapse of mental illness. Mental well-being such as resilience have positive effects on women’s physical and mental health during pregnancy as well as on pregnancy related outcomes. However, more knowledge is needed on what entails mental well-being during pregnancy and how it can be promoted. This qualitative study explores mental well-being during the perinatal period and promoting factors through the lens of healthcare professionals.
Methods
Individual interviews were conducted with healthcare professionals (n=16) through the chain of care. The informants worked in maternity healthcare centers, maternity wards and primary child healthcare centers and included midwives, obstetricians, psychologists and child healthcare nurses. A semi-structured interview guide and open-ended questions were used, and inductive content analysis was performed.
Results
Results described mental well-being during the perinatal period as “the being and the becoming of a mother – equanimity in the transition to motherhood”. According to data, mental well-being during pregnancy relies on inner resources that promote trust in the process of pregnancy, capability of being one’s own best friend and gatekeeping one’s mind. Additionally, experiencing trust during pregnancy including being in a safe environment, being able to share the transition, as well as experiencing fairness and equity were described as factors promoting mental wellbeing. Similarly, belonging to a caring and supportive wider network was also described as promoting mental well-being in terms of having access to role models through peer support groups and having emotional and practical support.
Conclusion
Mental well-being during the transition to motherhood can be promoted by supporting and building resources for equanimity. Findings emphasize the need to target mental health promoting factors on multiple levels including strengthening the inner resources of the individual, but also building social support structures around the individual.
Intraoperative circulatory arrest secondary to high-risk pulmonary embolism. Case series and updated literature review.
Authors: Cruz Gustavo , Pedroza Santiago , Giraldo Miller , Peña Alvaro , Calderón Camilo , Quintero Ivan
Published: October 2023

Background
Intraoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) with cardiac arrest (CA) represents a critical and potentially fatal condition. Available treatments include systemic thrombolysis, catheter-based thrombus fragmentation or aspiration, and surgical embolectomy. However, limited studies are focused on the optimal treatment choice for this critical condition. We present a case series and an updated review of the management of intraoperative CA secondary to PE.
Methods
A retrospective review of patients who developed high-risk intraoperative PE was performed between June 2012 and June 2022. For the updated review, a literature search on PubMed and Scopus was conducted which resulted in the inclusion of a total of 46 articles.
Results
A total of 196 174 major non-cardiac surgeries were performed between 2012 and 2022. Eight cases of intraoperative CA secondary to high-risk PE were identified. We found a mortality rate of 75%. Anticoagulation therapy was administered to one patient (12.5%), while two patients (25%) underwent thrombolysis, and one case (12.5%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy combined with thrombus aspiration. Based on the literature review and our 10-year experience, we propose an algorithm for the management of intraoperative CA caused by PE.
Conclusion
The essential components for adequate management of intraoperative PE with CA include hemodynamic support, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the implementation of a primary perfusion intervention. The prompt identification of the criteria for each specific treatment modality, guided by the individual patient's characteristics, is necessary for an optimal approach.
Network pharmacology and bioinformatics-based study on the mechanism and experimental validation of the inhibitory effect of Gan Song Drink on mechanism of action and experimental validation study of renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Yuan Ling , Liu Qian , Li Xiangyang , Yang Yifan , Li Jiaqing , Jiao Taiqiang , Niu Yang , Zhang Lei , Nan Yi , Dou Hongli
Published: October 2023

Background Gan Song Drink (GSY) is originated from the scripture "Gan Song Pills", a medical work of the Ningxia ethnic minorities, and its treatment of kidney diseases has good results. Its method of treating kidney clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is still unknown, nevertheless.Methods Screening of GSY for active ingredients and targets using a network pharmacology approach and searching for KIRC-related targets via Genecards and GEO databases.Further construction of the protein interaction network and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were carried out. After that, molecular docking was carried out. Then, the clinical correlation analysis of the results of network pharmacology was carried out by using the method of biological information analysis. Finally, we used 786-O and ACHN cells for CCK8, apoptosis, cell cycle, plate clone formation, qRT-PCR and Western blotting in vitro cell experiments to verify the results of network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis.Results With the help of network pharmacological analysis, six Hub targets were eliminated. Bioinformatics study revealed that the Hub target has clinically significant clinical guiding importance. The experimental findings demonstrated that GSY decreased the ability of 786-O and ACHN cells to produce clones, hindered the proliferation of these cells, induced apoptosis, halted the cell cycle, increased the expression of the ALB and CASP3 genes, and decreased the expression of the EGFR, JUN, MYC, and VEGFA genes.Protein expression of ALB and CASP3 increased, and protein expression of EGFR, JUN, MYC, and VEGFA showed a decreasing trend.Conclusions Network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis showed that GSY could act on multiple targets through a variety of components to achieve the effect of treating KIRC. In this study, we confirmed that GSY inhibits KIRC by regulating the expression of core targets through in vitro cellular experiments, thus providing a reference for subsequent related studies.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Testicular Torsion Among Adolescents Aged 12-18 in Rural Areas of Northern Guizhou: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: XIA Qin , WANG Ruixia , ZHANG Xiaojiao , GOU Yanjun , WU Chengli , XIA Lan
Published: October 2023

Background:The rate of orchiectomy in rural areas is higher than in urban areas, and patients often miss the golden 6-8 hours when seeking treatment. The lack of awareness and vigilance about testicular torsion is the main reason for the delay in pre-hospital treatment. This study aims to explore the current status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding testicular torsion among adolescents aged 12-18 in the rural areas of northern Guizhou to provide a basis for formulating targeted health interventions.
Method: From February to April 2023, a multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select one primary school and two middle schools from the northern Guizhou area. 1031 male students aged 12-18 were surveyed using a self-compiled general information questionnaire and a KAP questionnaire regarding testicular torsion.
Results: The scores for knowledge (1.87±0.83), attitude (35.42±6.11), and practice (19.98±6.67) dimensions of testicular torsion were obtained. Age was negatively correlated with knowledge and attitude dimensions (p<0.05), while knowledge was positively correlated with attitude and practice dimensions (p<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting KAP scores (all p<0.05) included whether family members were in the medical profession, whether the student lived in a dormitory, parents' educational level, and source of medical expenses (self-paid, others).
Conclusion: The KAP of testicular torsion among adolescents aged 12-18 is at a low level and needs to be improved. The attitude is at a moderate level and is relatively positive. Healthcare professionals should conduct multi-dimensional health education combined with adolescents' personal characteristics to improve their KAP levels on testicular torsion.
An audit of corporate decarbonisation ambition against low-carbon futures.
Authors: Weaver Iain , Abrams Jesse , Oliver Jack , Dimakis Nikolaos , Parry Andrew , Lenton Timothy
Published: October 2023

Atmospheric greenhouse gas concentration has been steadily increasing since the 19th century, causing global warming. Despite global efforts to reduce emissions, current projections indicate that we are on track for a significant increase in global mean temperature by the end of the century, which may push us beyond a safe and just operating space. It is crucial that we develop robust emissions pathways that take into account renewable technology innovation, climate policy development and consumer behavior change. Emissions forecasting typically relies on atmospheric measurements or estimates of consumption and industry activity. Here, we present an alternative approach that makes use of data disclosed by companies, showing that short-term corporate targets are consistent with the aggressive reduction requirements of the NGFS divergent net-zero scenario, however commitments to 2050 are lacking. Furthermore, there is a large disparity between the total market cap of disclosing companies and the total emissions they cover, indicating biases in emissions reporting. We highlight the significance of individual target pathways, as companies maintaining emissions at present values accrue significant emissions debt. Overall, we provide valuable insights into emissions reduction efforts and contribute to a more robust understanding of reduction pathways.
Diagnosing Drivers of Tropical Precipitation Biases in Coupled Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Respati Muhamad Reyhan , Dommenget Dietmar , Segura Hans , Stassen Christian
Published: October 2023

In this study, we analyse the large-scale biases in tropical precipitation climatology of two different types of coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models (GCMs): the coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) models and ICON-Sapphire, a global storm-resolving model (GSRM). We employ the simple globally resolved energy balance (GREB) diagnostic precipitation model to evaluate four drivers of the precipitation biases in the simulations: surface specific humidity, surface relative humidity, tropospheric mean and variability in the vertical motion. The tropical precipitation biases in the CMIP and ICON-Sapphire simulations are surprisingly similar in their patterns and also in the elements forcing them. The results of our analysis using the GREB model show that the precipitation biases result from both biases in the sensitivity to the four forcing fields and biases in the simulated forcing fields themselves. The most significant bias for both, the CMIP and ICON-Sapphire simulations, is a too high sensitivity to the mean vertical circulation and bias in the mean vertical circulation pattern itself. This also holds for specific long-standing biases, such as the double ITCZ problem. Meanwhile, biases in the climatology of specific and relative humidity play only a minor role, but contribute to an overall small increase in precipitation in CMIP models that may be related to the “drizzling” bias. These results can give insights to the modelling community regarding model development, and also illustrate that the GREB diagnostic precipitation model applied is a good tool for evaluating the drivers of large-scale tropical precipitation.
Driving Fiber Diameters to the Limit: Nanoparticle-induced Diameter Reductions in Electrospun Photoactive Composite Nanofibers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Schofield Ryan M , Maciejewska Barbara M , Dong Shiling , Tebbutt George T , McGurty Dillon , Bonilla Ruy Sebastian , Assender Hazel , Grobert Nicole
Published: October 2023

Electrospun photoactive nanofibers hold significant potential for enhanced photon absorption and charge transport in organic photovoltaics. However, electrospinning conjugated polymers with fiber diameters comparable to exciton diffusion lengths for efficient dissociation, is difficult. Previously, spinning sub-100 nm poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) fibers has required the auxiliary polymer, PEO, and large antisolvent additions. Therefore, its success differs considerably across donor polymers, due to variable antisolvent addition limit before precipitation. Herein, plasmonic nanoparticle infusion into P3HT nanofibers is used to modulate viscosity and deliver a novel and unrivalled strategy to achieve reduced fiber diameters. Following poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) removal, the fibers measure 55 nm in diameter, 30% lower than any previous report – providing the shortest exciton diffusion pathways to the heterojunction upon electron acceptor infiltration. The nanoparticle-containing nanofibers present a 58% enhancement over their pristine thin-film counterparts. ~17% is ascribed to plasmonic effects, demonstrated in thin-films, and the remainder to along-fiber polymer chain alignment, introduced by electrospinning. The anisotropy of light absorbed when polarized parallel versus perpendicular to the fibers increases from 0.88 to 0.62, suggesting the diameter reduction improves the alignment, resulting in greater electrospinning-induced enhancements. Controlled by the electrospinning behavior of PEO, our platform is easily adapted to contemporary donor-acceptor systems.