bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recorregut de recerca geològica i minera per la comarca del Priorat: des de Falset a Marçà, al Masroig, al Molar i a la Figuera de Falset
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: June 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 29 de juny de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut del present itinerari discorrerà íntegrament, per una sola de les tres unitats geològiques que constitueixen Catalunya: concretament per la coneguda com a Sistema Mediterrani.  Dintre d´aquesta, el recorregut recalarà, també exclusivament en una sola de les seves sotsunitats, la més externa de totes: la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana. Així, en aquest recorregut, observarem clarament les alineacions “catalanes” (NNE-SSW); tot i així, veurem la influència de les alineacions ibèriques (WNW-ESE), en algunes de les fractures que anirem trobant al llarg de l´itinerari. Tot i així, prop del Molar veure una altra sotsunitat: la Depressió de Mora. Aquesta es situa entre les dues branques en que es divideix la Serralada Prelitoral Catalana cap a ponent, a partir d´aquesta comarca. Aquesta unitat, també la veurem en el recorregut des del Masroig al Molar. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà prop de la població de Falset, des d´on s´anirà cap a Marçà, dintre ja de l´esmentada Serralada Prelitoral Catalana, per la qual anirà circulant fins a la fi del recorregut de l´itinerari, en arribar a la població de la Figuera de Falset, on finalitzarà el recorregut de l´itinerari. Per altra banda, aquest itinerari discorrerà per una sola comarca: la del Priorat, des dels voltants de Falset i Marçà fins a la Figuera de Falset, on clourà  el recorregut del mateix. Aquesta comarca s´inclou a cavall de les denominades Terres de l´Ebre, i de les Terres de Reus.
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per la comarca de l´Alt Urgell: des de Castellciutat i Montferrer cap Adrall, el pla de Sant Tirs, Organyà, Figols d´Organyà, Montan de Tost i Colldarnat i la Vansa
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim
Published: June 2015

Itinerari realitzat el 13 de juliol de 2014. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de l´itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat pel Sistema Pirinenc. I ho farà per una zona d´una gran complexitat tectònica. Així, es circularà per diferents de les seves sots unitats: per la  Depressió de l´Urgellet, Mantell del Cadí, Mantell de les Nogueres, per l´extrem septentrional del Mantell del Bóixols i pel Mantell del Montsec de Tost. Dins i tot ens mourem per les proximitats dels Apilaments de la Zona Axial Pirinenca, que arribarem a tallar a l´ini del recorregut. Així, el recorregut s´iniciarà dintre de la Depressió de l´Urgellet per la qual es transitarà molt ràpidament entre la localitat de Castellciutat i les immediacions del Pla de Sant Tirs. En aquest recorregut trobarem afloraments dels materials neògens del Miocè a l´Holocè.   I, finalment, en arribar a les immediacions del Pla de Sant Tirs es penetrarà a la vorera septentrional i occidental de Mantell del Cadí, fins arribar a la Palanca de Noves. En aquest tram es trobaran materials paleozoics (del Carbonífer i del Pèrmic) i mesozoics (del Triàsic). Tot i així, en aquest tram, pels sectors més ponentins, també trobarem el Mantell de les Nogueres (amb afloraments del Carbonífer, Permià i Triàsic, fonamentalment). Posteriorment, entre les immediacions de Noves de Segre i Montant de Tost, anirem veient afloraments que corresponent al Mantell de Bóixols, que veurem fins quasi arribar a Colldarnat. Així, veurem materials del Juràssic i del Cretàcic. Tot i això, sovint aquests materials es troben recoberts per terrenys cenozoics de l´Oligocè.
SIMULACIJA PRELAZNIH PROCESA U DISTRIBUTIVNIM MREŽAMA SREDNjEG NAPONA (10-35 kV)
Authors: Milićević Violeta , Bjelić Slobodan , Marković Nenad , Jakšić Uroš
Published: June 2015

Izložen je novi metod za simulaciju i dijagnostiku zemljospoja u distributivnim mrežama koga definišu parametri nastalog prelaznog procesa. Na osnovu ekvivalentne šeme dela mreže za slučaj zemljospoja napisan je algoritam koji služi za određivanje mesta kvara-zemljospoja. Uz pomoć MATHLAB 6.5 programa-adaptiranog paketa psbtransient simuliran je proces i dobijeni su rezultati u odnosu na izabrane parametre mreže do naponskog nivoa 10-35 kV.
Situations coloniales, pluralisme ethnique et défis de l’autonomie autochtone en Amérique latine
Authors: da Silva Cristhian Teófilo , Fiuza Alice
Published: June 2015

L’objectif de cet article est de présenter des concepts et des notions anthropologiques et sociologiques tirés des situations coloniales et des situations de contact afin d’expliquer la persistance de la notion de race dans l’exercice du pouvoir étatique sur les peuples autochtones à l’échelle des États nationaux de l’Amérique latine. Ce cadre conceptuel présente une lecture critique du multiculturalisme constitutionnel dans la région comme étant une tentative, uniquement rhétorique jusqu’à présent, pour surmonter ce modèle de domination et promouvoir les autonomies autochtones. L’auteur présente un débat critique sur les défis posés par la réalisation de l’autonomie autochtone en tant que projet effectif de décolonisation des sociétés postcoloniales de la région.
Des Kanaks au Québec
Authors: Salaün Marie
Published: June 2015

Ce texte présente les retours d’expérience de jeunes Kanaks de Nouvelle-Calédonie en formation aux métiers de la mine dans les cégeps de Rouyn et de Sept-Îles. Le but des entretiens réalisés avec ces jeunes autochtones était de recueillir le versant subjectif d’une expérience de formation à l’étranger. Ces témoignages livrent les répercussions individuelles d’un climat économique, politique et social vécu comme incertain. Sont ainsi tracés les contours de la nouvelle condition salariale qui s’offre à une génération dont le destin est lié au développement de l’activité autour du nickel. La réflexion suscitée par l’expérience canadienne donne l’occasion de revenir sur leurs parcours scolaires antérieurs en Nouvelle-Calédonie et éclaire d’un jour nouveau le choix collectif qui se pose aujourd’hui au peuple kanak, entre lutte pour l’indépendance d’une future Kanaky et stratégie de défense des droits autochtones.
Tuning the speed-accuracy trade-off to maximize reward rate in multisensory decision-making
Authors: Drugowitsch Jan , DeAngelis Gregory C , Angelaki Dora E , Pouget Alexandre
Published: June 2015

For decisions made under time pressure, effective decision making based on uncertain or ambiguous evidence requires efficient accumulation of evidence over time, as well as appropriately balancing speed and accuracy, known as the speed/accuracy trade-off. For simple unimodal stimuli, previous studies have shown that human subjects set their speed/accuracy trade-off to maximize reward rate. We extend this analysis to situations in which information is provided by multiple sensory modalities. Analyzing previously collected data (Drugowitsch et al., 2014), we show that human subjects adjust their speed/accuracy trade-off to produce near-optimal reward rates. This trade-off can change rapidly across trials according to the sensory modalities involved, suggesting that it is represented by neural population codes rather than implemented by slow neuronal mechanisms such as gradual changes in synaptic weights. Furthermore, we show that deviations from the optimal speed/accuracy trade-off can be explained by assuming an incomplete gradient-based learning of these trade-offs.
Plasma membrane overgrowth causes fibrotic collagen accumulation and immune activation in Drosophila adipocytes
Authors: Zang Yiran , Wan Ming , Liu Min , Ke Hongmei , Ma Shuangchun , Liu Lu-Ping , Ni Jian-Quan , Carlos Pastor-Pareja José
Published: June 2015

Many chronic diseases are associated with fibrotic deposition of Collagen and other matrix proteins. Little is known about the factors that determine preferential onset of fibrosis in particular tissues. Here we show that plasma membrane (PM) overgrowth causes pericellular Collagen accumulation in Drosophila adipocytes. We found that loss of Dynamin and other endocytic components causes pericellular trapping of outgoing Collagen IV due to dramatic cortex expansion when endocytic removal of PM is prevented. Deposits also form in the absence of negative Toll immune regulator Cactus, excess PM being caused in this case by increased secretion. Finally, we show that trimeric Collagen accumulation, downstream of Toll or endocytic defects, activates a tissue damage response. Our work indicates that traffic imbalances and PM topology may contribute to fibrosis. It also places fibrotic deposits both downstream and upstream of immune signaling, consistent with the chronic character of fibrotic diseases.
Basic study of intrinsic elastography: Relationship between tissue stiffness and propagation velocity of deformation induced by pulsatile flow
Authors: Nagaoka Ryo , Iwasaki Ryosuke , Arakawa Mototaka , Kobayashi Kazuto , Yoshizawa Shin , Umemura Shin-ichiro , Saijo Yoshifumi
Published: June 2015

We proposed an estimation method for a tissue stiffness from deformations induced by arterial pulsation, and named this proposed method intrinsic elastography (IE). In IE, assuming that the velocity of the deformation propagation in tissues is closely related to the stiffness, the propagation velocity (PV) was estimated by spatial compound ultrasound imaging with a high temporal resolution of 1 ms. However, the relationship between tissue stiffness and PV has not been revealed yet. In this study, the PV of the deformation induced by the pulsatile pump was measured by IE in three different poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) phantoms of different stiffnesses. The measured PV was compared with the shear wave velocity (SWV) measured by shear wave imaging (SWI). The measured PV has trends similar to the measured SWV. These results obtained by IE in a healthy male show the possibility that the mechanical properties of living tissues could be evaluated by IE.
Using AI and Social Media to Understand Health Disparities for Transgender Cancer Care
Authors: Annan Augustine , Li Yeran , Du Jingcheng , Sun Yezhou , Asante-Facey Al , Wang Xiaoyan , Monberg Matthew
Published: August 2024

This qualitative study used an artificial intelligence (AI) large language model and social media to investigate challenges encountered by transgender individuals during breast and gynecological cancer care.
Can classroom seating arrangements help establish a safe environment for victims? A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hoekstra Nathalie A. H. , van den Berg Yvonne H. M. , Lansu Tessa A. M. , Peetz Hannah K. , Mainhard M. Tim , Cillessen Antonius H. N.
Published: August 2024

Students around the globe still experience bullying daily. Teachers play a key role in supporting victimized students and they could do so using their classroom seating arrangement. Common teacher strategies are to separate victims and bullies and to seat victims close to supportive others, but research has not examined whether these strategies support victims' wellbeing. Therefore, the current study tested an intervention in which victims in experimental classrooms were seated far away from their bullies and next to their best friends, whereas a random seating arrangement was implemented in control classrooms. The underlying reasoning was that victims would experience a sense of safety next to their best friend and to limit bullies' opportunities to harass the victim. The outcomes were classroom comfort, internalizing problems, academic engagement, and victimization frequency. We used a sample of 1746 Dutch upper elementary school students (Mage = 10.21) of whom 250 students reported to be chronically and frequently victimized (Mage = 9.96 years). Ethical and practical reasons rendered the conditions similar regarding victims' distances to their bullies. Consequently, the intervention in the end tested the effect of victims sitting next to their best friend. Several mixed‐effects models showed that no support was found for the effectiveness of this intervention. Additional exploratory analyses testing the effect of victims' continuous distances to their bullies on their wellbeing also found no effects. These findings suggest that changing victims', bullies', and best friends' seats do not improve victims' classroom wellbeing. Alternative explanations, directions for future research, and practical implications are discussed.
Childhood maltreatment found to cause substance use, suicide
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: August 2024

Preventing child maltreatment can result in a reduction in substance use, suicide and mental disorders, research has found. The link between childhood maltreatment and adult depression has been known for some time, but this study shows that this maltreatment causes mental disorders and suicide. The study, published in the August 2024 issue of JAMA Psychiatry, took into account genetic and environmental confounding. For the study, “Burden of Mental Disorders and Suicide Attributable to Childhood Maltreatment,” maltreatment was defined as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or neglect before age 18.
Near Infrared‐Triggered Nitric Oxide‐Release Nanovesicles with Mild‐Photothermal Antibacterial and Immunomodulation for Healing MRSA‐Infected Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Xu Chang , Zhang Jiqing , Zhang Junxian , Li Danting , Yan Xiaozhe , Gu Yuxuan , Zhong Meihui , Gao Hui , Zhao Qiang , Qu Xiongwei , Huang Pingsheng , Zhang Jimin
Published: August 2024

Bacterial infection‐induced excessive inflammation is a major obstacle in diabetic wound healing. Nitric oxide (NO) exhibits significant antibacterial activity but is extremely deficient in diabetes. Hence, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐triggered NO release system is constructed through codelivery of polyarginine (PArg) and gold nanorods (Au) in an NIR‐activatable methylene blue (MB) polypeptide‐assembled nanovesicle (Au/PEL‐PBA‐MB/PArg). Upon NIR irradiation, the quenched MB in the nanovesicles is photoactivated to generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) to oxidize PArg and release NO in an on‐demand controlled manner. With the specific bacterial capture of phenylboronic acid (PBA), NO elevated membrane permeability and boosted bacterial vulnerability in the photothermal therapy (PTT) of the Au nanorods, which is displayed by superior mild PTT antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at temperatures < 49.7 °C in vitro. Moreover, in vivo, the antibacterial nanovesicles greatly suppressed the burst of MRSA‐induced excessive inflammation, NO relayed immunomodulated macrophage polarization from M1 to M2, and the excessive inflammatory phase is successfully transferred to the repair phase. In cooperation with angiogenesis by NO, tissue regeneration is accelerated in MRSA‐infected diabetic wounds. Therefore, nanoplatform has considerable potential for accelerating the healing of infected diabetic wounds.
Lithium All‐Solid‐State Batteries Fabricated at Room Temperature by the Powder Aerosol Deposition Method with Garnet‐Type Electrolyte and Graded Composite Cathode
Authors: Hennerici Lukas , Ficht Paula , Schamel Maximilian , Mansfeld Ulrich , Linz Mario , Paulus Daniel , Kita Jaroslaw , Danzer Michael A. , Moos Ralf
Published: August 2024

Lithium‐based all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) are attracting worldwide attention as the next step in the evolution of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs). They have the potential to address safety concerns and limited energy densities, which are key challenges for LIBs. The current focus is on enhancing the electrochemical properties of ASSBs. However, a suitable economic method for fabricating them remains to be established, especially when ceramic materials are used as solid electrolytes. The powder aerosol deposition method (PAD or ADM) is a ceramic processing method that uses raw ceramic powders to fabricate dense, several micrometer thick ceramic films. The entire process takes place at room temperature and in the absence of additional binders. Therefore, PAD is used in this study to fabricate ASSBs with LiNi0.83Mn0.11Co0.06O2 (NMC) as the cathode active material and Al0.2Li6.025La3Zr1.625Ta0.375O12 (LLZO) as the solid electrolyte. The cathode is fabricated as a composite with a gradient in the electrolyte concentration. The successful fabrication is confirmed through scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis. Electrochemical characterization shows that a PAD‐ASSB can be cycled. Furthermore, it can be shown that 145 µm thick NMC films can be fabricated by PAD. The electrochemical results are compared with the theoretical potential of PAD‐ASSBs, and methods to further improve the achieved state are discussed.
Boron and Nitrogen Co‐Doped Porous Carbon with Ultrahigh Volumetric Performance for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors
Authors: Song Tingting , Chen Jiayi , Chen Weijian , Zhang Xinyang , Wu Xiaoliang , Wang Xin
Published: August 2024

It is a huge challenge for carbon materials to obtain high volumetric capacitance without sacrificing gravimetric capacitance for supercapacitors with limited space. Herein, B/N/O co‐doped porous carbon materials are prepared by one‐step carbonization method using boric acid as the template and boron source, polyacrylamide as the carbon and nitrogen sources. Boric acid and polyacrylamide can be closely combined by hydrogen bond, so as to not only give full play to the role of boric acid template, but also to achieve high content of nitrogen and boron functional groups. Benefiting from the high bulk density (1.51 g cm−3), suitable specific surface area (243.2 m2 g−1) and numerous B (7.55 at.%), N (14.38 at.%), O (8.89 at.%) functional groups, the prepared BNPC‐700 electrode shows an ultrahigh volumetric specific capacitance of 545.6 F cm−3 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent rate characteristic and superior electrochemical performance. Furthermore, the assembled BNPC‐700 symmetric supercapacitor achieves a high volumetric energy density of 31.1 Wh L−1 (20.6 Wh kg−1) in ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte. More importantly, the assembled Zn//ZnSO4//BNPC‐700 hybrid supercapacitor delivers a high volumetric capacity of 210.8 mAh cm−3 and a high volumetric energy density of 147.7 Wh L−1(97.8 Wh kg−1).
Facile Generation of Trideuteromethyl Radical from Alkylsilyl Peroxide and Subsequent Functionalization
Authors: Liu Jiahao , Nie Jiachun , Wang Zhe , Kato Terumasa , Liu Yan , Maruoka Keiji
Published: August 2024

Cu‐ and Fe‐ catalyzed trideuteromethylation reactions using alkylsilyl peroxide as trideuteromethyl radical precursor are reported. The alkylsilyl peroxide was synthesized from acetone‐d6 in a three‐step sequence, and the reactions with various coupling partners afforded efficiently the corresponding N−CD3, O−CD3 and C−CD3 bond formation products. The radical heptadeuteriopropylation using alkylsilyl peroxide prepared from butyric acid‐d7 is also described.
The β‐Ketoacyl‐ACP Synthase FabF Catalyzes Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation in a Bimodal Pattern for Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Authors: Huang Yuzhou , Wang Yiran , Cai Chang , Zhang Lin , Ye Fei , Zhang Liang
Published: August 2024

Fatty acids produced by the type‐II fatty acid biosynthetic pathway (FAS‐II) are essential biomaterials for bacterial membrane construction and numerous metabolic routes. The β‐ketoacyl‐ACP synthase FabF catalyzes the key C−C bond formation step for fatty acid elongation in FAS‐II. Here, we revealed the substrate recognition and catalytic mechanisms of FabF by determining FabF‐ACP complexes. FabF displays a distinctive bimodal catalytic pattern specifically on C6 and C10 acyl‐ACP substrates. It utilizes positively charged residues located on the η3‐helix and loop1 regions near the catalytic tunnel entrance to bind ACP, and two hydrophobic cavities as well as “front”, “middle”, and “back” door residues to specifically stabilize C6 and C10 acyl substrates for preferential catalysis. Further quantum chemistry calculations suggest that the FabF catalytic residues Lys336 and His304 facilitate proton transfer during condensation catalysis and C−C bond formation. Our results provide key mechanistic insights into the biosynthesis of molecular carbon skeletons based on ketosynthases that are highly conserved through the FAS and polyketide synthase (PKS) analogous biosynthetic routes, broaden the understanding of the tricarboxylic acid cycle that utilizes lipoic acid derived from C8‐ACP accumulated due to the FabF distinctive catalytic pattern for oxidative decarboxylations, and may facilitate the development of narrow‐spectrum antibacterial drugs.
Unlocking of Hidden Mesopores for Enzyme Encapsulation by Dynamic Linkers in Stable Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Qiao Meng , Li Youcong , Li Yanqi , Chang Mengting , Zhang Xing , Yuan Shuai
Published: August 2024

Mesoporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising supports for the immobilization of enzymes, yet their applications are often limited by small pore apertures that constrain the size of encapsulated enzymes to below 5 nm. In this study, we introduced labile linkers (4,4′,4′′‐(2,4,6‐boroxintriyl)‐tribenzoate, TBTB) with dynamic boroxine bonds into mesoporous PCN‐333, resulting in PCN‐333‐TBTB with enhanced enzyme loading and protection capabilities. The selective breaking of B−O bonds creates defects in PCN‐333, which effectively expands both window and cavity sizes, thereby unlocking hidden mesopores for enzyme encapsulation. Consequently, this strategy not only increases the adsorption kinetics of small enzymes (<5 nm) such as cytochrome c (Cyt C) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP), but also enables the immobilization of various large‐sized enzymes (>5 nm), such as glycoenzymes. The glycoenzymes@PCN‐333‐TBTB platform was successfully applied to synthesize thirteen complex oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, demonstrating high activity and enhanced enzyme stability. The dynamic linker‐mediated enzyme encapsulation strategy enables the immobilization of enzymes exceeding the inherent pore size of MOFs, thus broadening the scope of enzymatic catalytic reactions achievable with MOF materials.
Hyperconjugation‐Driven Isodesmic Reaction of Indoles and Anilines: Reaction Discovery, Mechanism Study, and Antitumor Application
Authors: Xiao Yu‐Qing , Fang Kai‐Xin , Zhang Zhihan , Zhang Chen , Li Yu‐Jie , Wang Bao‐Cheng , Zhang Bin‐Jun , Jiang Yu‐Qing , Zhang Miao , Tan Ying , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Lu Liang‐Qiu
Published: August 2024

Isodesmic reactions, in which chemical bonds are redistributed between substrates and products, provide a general and powerful strategy for both biological and chemical synthesis. However, most isodesmic reactions involve either metathesis or functional‐group transfer. Here, we serendipitously discovered a novel isodesmic reaction of indoles and anilines that proceeds intramolecularly under weakly acidic conditions. In this process, the five‐membered ring of the indole motif is broken and a new indole motif is constructed on the aniline side, accompanied by the formation of a new aniline motif. Mechanistic studies revealed the pivotal role of σ→π* hyperconjugation on the nitrogen atom of the indole motif in driving this unusual isodesmic reaction. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized a diverse series of polycyclic indole derivatives; among quinolines, potential antitumor agents were identified using cellular and in vivo experiments, thereby demonstrating the synthetic utility of the developed methodology.
Precise Preparation of Supramolecular Spherical Nucleic Acids for Nucleolin‐Targeted Gene Delivery
Authors: Chen Ming , Miao Siyuan , Zhang Yaqi , Chang Xueman , Dai Jun , Chen Chuxin , Li Shaoguang , Li Hui , Xia Fan
Published: August 2024

Molecular spherical nucleic acids (m‐SNAs) are a second generation of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs), which are of significance in potential application of targeted delivery of nucleic acids or gene regulation due to their defined molecular structures. Nevertheless, m‐SNAs typically involve a single DNA sequence which greatly limits its functions as either targeting purpose or gene regulation. In response, we proposed here a third generation, supramolecular spherical nucleic acids (Supra‐SNAs) with two different sequences to achieve both above‐mentioned functions. Specifically, we constructed a series of supramolecular self‐assembly structures by coupling a cell membrane receptor (i.e., nucleolin)‐recognizing aptamer (AS1411)‐modified adamantine as targeting probe and human epithelial growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antisense‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrin to specifically inhibit the overexpression of HER2 proteins for gene regulations. In comparison to the m‐SNA precursors, such Supra‐SNA structures exhibited enhanced levels of resistance to nuclease degradation, cellular uptake, gene regulation capabilities and tumor retention capacity. We demonstrated that Supra‐SNAs exhibited optimal cell suppression rates and cell apoptosis via a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. The well‐defined molecular structures provide an attractive platform for investigating interrelationship between structure and property at the molecular level.
In‐Situ Construction of Functional Multi‐Dimensional MXene‐based Composites Directly from MAX Phases through Gas‐Solid Reactions
Authors: Liu Yang , Gao Xinyue , Shen Maoqiang , Zhao Yanhao , Zhang Xu , Liu Sen , Liu Xuesen , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: August 2024

The weak bonding of A atoms with MX layers in MAX phases not only enables the selective etching of A layers for MXene preparation but brings about the chance to construct A derivatives/MXene composites via in situ conversion. Here, a facile and general gas‐solid reaction systems are elegantly devised to construct multi‐dimensional MXene based composites including AlF3 nanorods/MXene, AlF3 nanocrystals/MXene, amorphous AlF3/MXene, A filled carbon nanotubes/MXene, layered metal chalcogenides/MXene, MOF/MXene, and so on. The intrinsic effect mechanism of interlayer confinement towards crystal growth, catalytic behavior, van der Waals‐heterostructure construction and coordination reaction are rationally put forward. The tight interface combination and synergistic effect from distinct components make them promising active materials for electrochemical applications. More particularly, the AlF3 nanorods/Nb2C MXene demonstrate bi‐directional catalytic activity toward the conversion between Li2S and lithium polysulfides, which alleviates the shuttle effect in lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Self‐Assembly of Thienopyrrole‐Fused Thiadiazoles Containing an Amide Linker: Control of Supramolecular Polymerization Mechanism and Chiroptical Properties by Trialkoxy Side Chains
Authors: Yamaguchi Taiki , Naito Yukako , Kitamura Chitoshi , Takeshita Hiroki , Ida Shohei , Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Suzuki Kazumasa , Matsumoto Taisuke , Shiota Yoshihito , Suzuki Daiya , Imai Yoshitane , Ikeda Toshiaki , Kato Shin‐ichiro
Published: August 2024

Three thienopyrrole‐fused thiadiazole (TPT) fluorescent dyes featuring a common amide linker and different alkoxy substituents on peripheral trialkoxybenzene moieties were synthesized, and their self‐assembly behavior in solution was investigated. The obtained results revealed a substantial steric effect of the alkoxy substituents on the supramolecular polymerization mechanism, which results from a combination of π‐stacking and hydrogen (H)‐bonding interactions. Detailed spectroscopic measurements revealed that with increasing steric demand of the substituents, the supramolecular polymerization processes in pure methylcyclohexane (MCH) or a mixture of MCH and toluene become temperature‐sensitive and enthalpically favorable, resulting in a change from the isodesmic assembly mechanism to the cooperative mechanism. Theoretical calculations suggested that in TPTs with bulky substituents, steric hindrance causes the H‐bonding array of the amide moieties to be aligned along the stacking axis of the π‐systems; thus, the H‐bonding interactions are strengthened compared to those in TPTs with less bulky substituents, compensating for the weakened π‐stacking interactions. A chiral TPT derivative with (S) stereogenic centers was found to form homochiral helical supramolecular assemblies that generate discernible circularly polarized luminescence. Achiral TPTs also generate helical assemblies to which preferential helicity can be imparted through the external chiral bias of the solvents (R)‐ and (S)‐limonene.
Dual Sulfone‐Bridged Triphenylamine Heteroaromatics for High‐Performance Blue Organic Electroluminescence
Authors: Ma Zetong , Deng Lisong , Xu Pei , Zhou Jiadong , Chen Liangjian , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge , Hu Dehua
Published: August 2024

Polycyclic heteroaromatics (PHAs) are a highly versatile class of functional materials, especially applicable as efficient luminophores in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Those constructed by tethered phenyl surrounding the main group center attract extensive attention due to their excellent OLED device performance. However, the development of such a class of emitters is often limited to boron, nitrogen‐doped π‐conjugated heterocycles. Herein, we proposed a novel kind of blue emitter by constructing a donor‐acceptor molecular configuration, utilizing a dual sulfone‐bridged triphenylamine (BTPO) core and mono/di‐diphenylamine (DPA) substituents. The twisted D−A molecular structures and appropriate donor strength facilitate the effective separation of natural transition orbitals, endowing the emitters with charge‐transfer dominant hybridized local and charge‐transfer characteristics for the excited states. Both BTPO‐DPA and BTPO‐2DPA own small S1–T1 splitting energy, thus demonstrating blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence. The more symmetrical structure and enhanced CT features brought by additional DPA moiety confer BTPO‐2DPA with a shorter delayed fluorescence lifetime, a higher fluorescence quantum yield and narrower emission. Therefore, BTPO‐2DPA based OLED devices exhibit superior blue electroluminescence performance, with external quantum efficiencies reaching 12.31 %.
Association of race/ethnicity and insurance with survival in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in a large real‐world cohort
Authors: Jin Yanling , Li Jia , Mun Yong , Masaquel Anthony , Hu Sylvia , Biondo Juliana M. L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Few studies have evaluated disparities in race, ethnicity, and health insurance in real‐world health outcomes for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This study aimed to evaluate association between racial disparities and health insurance with real‐world health outcomes.

Methods

Patients with DLBCL (January 2011–July 2021) treated with first‐line therapy were selected from a real‐world database. Variables of interest included race/ethnicity, health insurance type (Medicaid, Commercial) by patient age (<65, ≥65 years), stage at diagnosis, overall survival (OS), and time to second‐line therapy or death due to any cause (TTNTD).

Results

Among 5362 patients with DLBCL (82% White, 7% Black, 8% Hispanic/Latino, 3% Asian), White patients were older (mean age, 66.7 vs. 59.3–62.5 years) and less likely to have Medicaid insurance (1.7% vs. 3.4%–5.9%). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) for OS (Black, 0.88 [95% confidence interval, 0.72–1.07]; Hispanic/Latino, 0.84 [0.70–1.03]; Asian, 0.82 [0.59–1.16]) and TTNTD (Black, 0.89 [0.75–1.05]; Hispanic/Latino, 0.85 [0.73–1.00]; Asian, 1.11 [0.86–1.43]) were similar to those of White patients. Among patients aged <65 years, Medicaid‐insured versus Commercially insured patients had more advanced disease (stage III–IV, 66% vs. 48%), worse OS (aHR, 0.52 [0.34–0.80]; p = 0.003), and shorter TTNTD (aHR, 0.70 [0.49–0.99]; p = 0.044).

Conclusions

There was no statistically significant difference in these variables/outcomes between Medicaid‐insured and commercially insured patients aged ≥65 years. Medicaid‐insured status was significantly associated with poorer OS and TTNTD in patients with DLBCL aged <65 years but not in those aged ≥65 years, with or without adjusting for other baseline characteristics. Race was not significantly associated with these outcomes.
A qualitative exploration of the pathway to diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with perineural spread
Authors: Pradhan Poorva , Wan Ke (Zoe) , Chan Li , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Wu Raymond , Lee Jenny H. , Palme Carsten E. , Clark Jonathan R. , Venchiarutti Rebecca L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Perineural spread (PNS) is associated with a poor prognosis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (cSCCHN). Hence, investigating facilitators and barriers of early diagnosis and treatment of PNS in cSCCHN may improve outcomes.

Methods

Patients were recruited from an institutional database. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted according to the Model of Pathways to Treatment. Thematic analysis was based on the four main intervals in the framework using a data‐driven analytical method.

Results

Seventeen participants were interviewed. Facilitators included patients' past experiences, symptom progression, trust in healthcare professionals (HCPs), and capacity to leverage relationships. Barriers included difficult diagnoses, limited access to cancer services, lack of care coordination, and lack of awareness of PNS among primary health care providers.

Conclusion

These findings emphasise the complexity early diagnosis and treatment of PNS. Interventions like clinical practice guidelines, education for HCPs, and telehealth could facilitate timely detection and management.
Cytotoxic Effects of Oleanane‐type Saponins from Lysimachia laxa
Authors: Huyen Le Thi , Bao Dang Gia , Son Nguyen Thi , Anh Nguyen Thi Van , Tai Bui Huu , Huong Phan Thi Thanh , Kiem Phan Van , Thuy Nguyen Thi Kim , Hanh Nguyen Thi , Park SeonJu , Nhiem Nguyen Xuan
Published: August 2024

Phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of Lysimachia laxa led to the isolation of four new oleanane‐type saponins, lysimosides A–D (1–4) and one known compound, lysimachigenoside B (5). Their structures were elucidated using a combination of HR‐ESI‐MS, 1D and 2D‐NMR spectral data, chemical methods, and comparison with previous literature. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against human lung cancer (A‐549) and human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cell lines. All compounds exhibited cytotoxic activity against A‐549 and MCF‐7 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 6.1–16.0 μM, comparable to the positive control, mitoxantrone. Interestingly, oleanane‐type saponins with an acetyl group (2–4) exhibited increased cytotoxic activities compared to those without an acetyl group (1).
Baclofen‐induced excessive perspiration: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Farahneh Othman , Akpati Lois , Alvarez silva Miguel , Damlakhy Ahmad , Ross Emily
Published: August 2024

Key Clinical Message

This report highlights an unexpected baclofen side effect, a medication known for its safety profile. The rarity of excessive perspiration as a side effect distinguishes this case from typical baclofen adverse reactions. Documenting uncommon reactions is vital for physicians to broaden their awareness of baclofen's side effects and improve care.
Oxidative [4+2] Annulation of Pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde Derivatives with o‐Hydroxyphenyl Propargylamines: Syntheses of 5,6,7‐Trisubstituted Indolizines
Authors: Wang Yu‐Qing , Chen Li‐Jia , Yang Rui‐Lin , Lang Ming , Peng Jin‐Bao
Published: August 2024

A base promoted oxidative [4+2] annulation of pyrrole‐2‐carbaldehyde derivatives with o‐hydroxyphenyl propargylamines for the synthesis of highly substituted indolizines has been developed. Using DBN as base, a broad range of 5,6,7‐trisubstituted indolizines have been prepared in good to excellent yields under mild conditions, and many useful functional groups can be tolerated.
Glucoconjugated Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex: An Efficient Catalyst for Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Propargylamines via Solvent‐free A3 Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kumar Mishra Santosh , Parikh Parmeshthi , Parikh Anuvasita , Rangan Krishnan , Kumar Sah Ajay
Published: August 2024

Development of catalytic systems using nontoxic natural precursors is the need of the era, and along this line, we have synthesized a new D‐glucose derived ligand (4,6‐O‐ethylidene‐N‐(2‐hydroxy‐4‐(octyloxy)benzylidene)‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine) and its dinuclear copper(II) complex. The molecular structure of the complex has been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies and detailed noncovalent intermolecular interactions present in it have been explored by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Further, the complex has been used as a catalyst in the enantioselective (87–99 % ee) synthesis of propargylamines in good to excellent yield (82–95 %) via aldehyde‐amines‐alkynes (A3) coupling reaction under solvent‐free condition. The formation of aminal intermediate during the reaction has been confirmed by 1H‐NMR and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. The catalytic system is reusable without any appreciable loss in the enantioselectivity or product yield.
Pnictogen Chemistry: From Light to Heavy Compounds
Authors: Müller Christian , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: August 2024

Pnictogen compounds offer a broad and highly tunable set of characteristics, including pronounced Lewis acidity and basicity, privileged ligand behavior, the reversible switching between different oxidation states, the accessibility of low‐valent species, and intriguing photophysical properties. In the recent renaissance of p‐block chemistry, researchers are focusing their efforts to investigate and exploit these properties, to reveal unprecedented reactivity patterns and to design fascinating applications based on modern and innovative pnictogen chemistry. This special issue presents current trends in the field of pnictogen chemistry.
Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Photophysical Properties of a Series of Luminescent D−A−D’ and D−A−A’ Pyrimidines
Authors: Sidhu Baldeep K. , Lozada Issiah B. , Pandian Rathiesh , Alfurayj Ibrahim , Burda Clemens , Herbert David E.
Published: August 2024

Pyrimidines, a prominent isomer class of diazines, are promising molecular constituents of electron‐deficient luminescent and hole‐transport materials. Here, we report the fluorescence lifetimes and describe the electronic structures and character of low‐lying emissive excited states of a series of synthetically accessible donor‐acceptor‐donor (D−A−D′) and donor‐acceptor‐acceptor (D−A−A′) type pyrimidines, including both all‐organic and hybrid organic‐organometallic analogues. We find that strategically varying the aryl substituents on a pyrimidine enables tuning of the character of the luminescent excited states from charge‐transfer (CT) to locally excited (LE) states, which then differ in their sensitivity to their environment. This study suggests structural handles for controlling the photophysics of arylpyrimidines relevant to a variety of applications for luminescent materials.
The role of the primitive marker CD133 in CD34‐negative acute myeloid leukemia for the detection of leukemia stem cells
Authors: Reuvekamp Tom , Janssen Luca L. G. , Ngai Lok Lam , Carbaat‐Ham Jannemieke , den Hartog Daphne , Scholten Willemijn J. , Kelder Angèle , Hanekamp Diana , Wensink Eliza , van Gils Noortje , Gradowska Patrycja , Löwenberg Bob , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. , Westers Theresia M. , Smit Linda , Bachas Costa , Cloos Jacqueline
Published: August 2024

The most important reason for dismal outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the development of relapse. Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are hypothesized to initiate relapse, and high CD34+CD38− LSC load is associated with poor prognosis. In 10% of AML patients, CD34 is not or is low expressed on the leukemic cells (<1%), and CD34+CD38− LSCs are absent. These patients are classified as CD34‐negative. We aimed to determine whether the primitive marker CD133 can detect LSCs in CD34‐negative AML. We retrospectively quantified 148 CD34‐negative patients for proportions of CD34−CD133+ and CD133+CD38− cell fractions in the diagnostic samples of CD34‐negative patients in the HOVON102 and HOVON132 trials. No prognostic difference was found between patients with high or low proportions of CD34−CD133+, which is found to be aberrantly expressed in AML. A high level of CD133+CD38− cells was not associated with poor overall survival, and expression in AML was similar to normal bone marrow. To conclude, CD133 is useful as an additional primitive marker for the detection of leukemic blast cells in CD34‐negative AML. However, CD133+CD38 alone is not suitable for the detection of LSCs at diagnosis.
Disentangling the genetic underpinnings of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease in the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project: Study design and methodology
Authors: Ray Nicholas R. , Kumar Ajneesh , Zaman Andrew , del Rosario Pamela , Mena Pedro R. , Manoochehri Masood , Stein Colin , De Vito Alyssa N. , Sweet Robert A. , Hohman Timothy J. , Cuccaro Michael L. , Beecham Gary W. , Huey Edward D. , Reitz Christiane
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are no effective treatments targeting these symptoms.

METHODS

To facilitate identification of causative mechanistic pathways, we initiated an effort (NIH: U01AG079850) to collate, harmonize, and analyze all available NPS data (≈ 100,000 samples) of diverse ancestries with whole‐genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP).

RESULTS

This study will generate a genomic resource for Alzheimer's disease with both harmonized whole‐genome sequencing and NPS phenotype data that will be publicly available through NIAGADS. Primary analyses will (1) identify novel genetic risk factors associated with NPS in AD, (2) characterize the shared genetic architecture of NPS in AD and primary psychiatric disorders, and (3) assess the role of ancestry effects in the etiology of NPS in AD.

DISCUSSION

Expansion of the ADSP to harmonize and refine NPS phenotypes coupled with the proposed core analyses will lay the foundation to disentangle the molecular mechanisms underlying these detrimental symptoms in AD in diverse populations.

Highlights

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are highly prevalent in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

There are no effective treatments targeting NPS in AD.

The current effort aims to collate, harmonize, and analyze all NPS data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project.

Core analyses will identify underlying genetic factors and mechanistic pathways.

The harmonized genomic and phenotypic data from this initiative will be available through National Institute on Aging Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease Data Storage Site.
Beyond Age, BMI, Gender Identity, and Gender Minority Stress, Weight Bias Internalization Is Uniquely Associated With More Eating and Body Image Disturbances and Poor Physical and Mental Health in Chinese Gender‐Diverse Adults
Authors: Barnhart Wesley R. , Xiao Yueyang , Li Yijing , Gaggiano Christina , Jiang Zexuan , Wu Shijia , Cao Hongjian , He Jinbo
Published: August 2024

Objective

Weight bias internalization (WBI) is a robust, positive correlate of negative health outcomes; however, this evidence base primarily reflects cisgender individuals from Western cultural contexts. Gender‐diverse individuals from non‐Western cultural contexts (e.g., China) are at potentially high risk for WBI. Yet, no research has examined WBI and associated negative health consequences in this historically underrepresented population.

Method

A cross‐sectional, online survey sampled Chinese gender‐diverse individuals (N = 410, M
age = 22.33 years). Variables were self‐reported, including demographics, WBI, body shame, body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, physical and mental health status, and gender minority stress (e.g., internalized cisgenderism). Analyses included correlations and multiple hierarchical regressions.

Results

Pearson bivariate correlations demonstrated associations between higher WBI and more eating and body image disturbances and poor physical and mental health. After adjusting for age, BMI, gender identity, and gender minority stress, higher WBI was uniquely and positively associated with higher body shame, higher body dissatisfaction, higher disordered eating, and poor physical and mental health. Notably, WBI accounted for more unique variance in eating and body image disturbances (13%–25% explained by WBI) than physical and mental health (1%–4% explained by WBI).

Discussion

While replication with longitudinal and experimental designs is needed to speak to the temporal dynamics and causality, our findings identify WBI as a unique, meaningful correlate of eating and body image disturbances in Chinese gender‐diverse adults.
Establishing large mammal population trends from heterogeneous count data
Authors: Pradel R. , Renaud P.‐C. , Pays O. , Scholte P. , Ogutu J. O. , Hibert F. , Casajus N. , Mialhe F. , Fritz H.
Published: August 2024

Monitoring population trends is pivotal to effective wildlife conservation and management. However, wildlife managers often face many challenges when analyzing time series of census data due to heterogeneities in sampling methodology, strategy, or frequency. We present a three‐step method for modeling trends from time series of count data obtained through multiple census methods (aerial or ground census and expert estimates). First, we design a heuristic for constructing credible intervals for all types of animal counts including those which come with no precision measure. Then, we define conversion factors for rendering aerial and ground counts comparable and provide values for broad classes of animals from an extant series of parallel aerial and ground censuses. Lastly, we construct a Bayesian model that takes the reconciled counts as input and estimates the relative growth rates between successive dates while accounting for their precisions. Importantly, we bound the rate of increase to account for the demographic potential of a species. We propose a flow chart for constructing credible intervals for various types of animal counts. We provide estimates of conversion factors for 5 broad classes of species. We describe the Bayesian model for calculating trends, annual rates of population increase, and the associated credible intervals. We develop a bespoke R CRAN package, popbayes, for implementing all the calculations that take the raw counts as input. It produces consistent and reliable estimates of population trends and annual rates of increase. Several examples from real populations of large African mammals illustrate the different features of our method. The approach is well‐suited for analyzing population trends for heterogeneous time series and allows a principled use of all the available historical census data. The method is general and flexible and applicable to various other animal species besides African large mammals. It can readily be adapted to test predictions of various hypotheses about drivers of rates of population increase.