bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quinoxaline and quinoxaline‐1,4‐di‐N‐oxides: An emerging class of antimycobacterials
Authors: Keri Rangappa S. , Pandule Sudam S. , Budagumpi Srinivasa , Nagaraja Bhari M.
Published: April 2018

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly dreaded, infectious, chronic, airborne disease affecting more than two million people all around the world, with more than eight million cases every calendar year. TB is the second leading infectious cause of death after HIV/AIDS. Over the past few decades, numerous efforts have been undertaken to develop new anti‐TB agents. The current frontline therapy for TB consists of administering three or more different drugs (usually isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) over an extended period of time. But these drugs will take 6–12 months to cure TB, along with many side effects; hence, there is an urgent need to explore new anti‐TB agents. Quinoxaline derivatives are a class of compounds that show a spectrum of biological properties and the interest in these compounds is exponentially growing within the field of medicinal chemistry. Quinoxaline‐1,4‐di‐N‐oxide derivatives have shown to improve the biological results and are endowed with anti‐viral, anti‐cancer, anti‐bacterial, and anti‐protozoal activities with application in many other therapeutic areas. Since quinoxaline derivatives are regarded as a new class of effective anti‐TB candidates, their 1,4‐di‐N‐oxide analogues may show promising in vitro and in vivo anti‐TB activities and might be able to prevent the drug resistance to a certain extent. Therefore, the main aim of this review is to focus on important quinoxaline and quinoxaline‐1,4‐di‐N‐oxide analogues that have shown anti‐TB activities, and their structure–activity relationships for designing anti‐TB agents with better efficacies. The present review will be helpful in providing insights for rational designs of more active and less toxic quinoxaline‐based anti‐TB prodrugs.
Simultaneous confidence sets for several effective doses
Authors: Tompsett Daniel M. , Biedermann Stefanie , Liu Wei
Published: April 2018

Construction of simultaneous confidence sets for several effective doses currently relies on inverting the Scheffé type simultaneous confidence band, which is known to be conservative. We develop novel methodology to make the simultaneous coverage closer to its nominal level, for both two‐sided and one‐sided simultaneous confidence sets. Our approach is shown to be considerably less conservative than the current method, and is illustrated with an example on modeling the effect of smoking status and serum triglyceride level on the probability of the recurrence of a myocardial infarction.
ESLD: An efficient and secure link discovery scheme for software‐defined networking
Authors: Zhao Xin , Yao Lin , Wu Guowei
Published: April 2018

Software‐defined networking simplifies network management by decoupling the control plane from the data plane and centralizing it to the controller. As the brain of the network, the controller gains up‐to‐date holistic network visibility via topology discovery. However, as a key service of topology discovery, the link discovery service opens problems on efficiency and security. On the one hand, sending link discovery packets to all ports wastes not only the limited controller resources (such as CPU and memory) but also control channel bandwidth. On the other hand, attackers may use these packets to create fake links and perform link fabrication attack. Because of the centralized control paradigm, wasting controller resources may degrade network performance, and all the fake links may severely poison the network topology, even causing the denial of service or man‐in‐the‐middle attack. In this paper, we propose an efficient and secure link discovery scheme to improve link discovery performance and resist link fabrication attack caused by the software‐defined networking link discovery service. By adopting port classification technique and directionally transmitting packets to appropriate ports, our approach can reduce or eliminate redundant packets and improve link discovery performance. Meanwhile, we adopt the directional packet transmitting approach and the time‐marked hash‐based message authentication code authenticate scheme to resist the link fabrication attack. A prototype system is implemented on the basis of POX controller and Mininet simulator to evaluate our scheme. Simulation results demonstrate that our scheme can solve the link fabrication problems with less overload of both the control plane and the data plane.
Soluble Polystyrene‐b‐poly (ethylene/butylene)‐b‐polystyrene Based Ionomer for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Operating at 70 °C
Authors: Gupta G. , Scott K. , Mamlouk M.
Published: April 2018

A soluble ionomer based on styrene‐ethylene/butylene‐styrene (SEBS) block polymer was synthesized with an ion exchange capacity (IEC) of 1.91 mmol g−1 and OH− ion conductivity at 100% relative humidity (RH) of 0.14 and 0.18 S cm−1 at 50 and 70 °C, respectively. The performance of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with SEBS ionomer was highest compared to polyvinyl benzyl chloride (PVBC) and Acta I2 ionomers at 0.5 V at both 50 °C (239 mW cm−2) and 70 °C (285 mW cm−2) using air and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) membrane. This was largely due to the lower charge transfer resistance measured for the MEA using SEBS ionomer which is due to higher IEC, better water uptake and water retention properties. Ionomer water permeability is also critical for the back diffusion and the membrane where SEBS ionomer showed large advantage over PVBC ionomer.

The long‐term testing of 50 h at 50 and 70 °C also showed better durability of the SEBS compared to the commercial Acta I2 ionomer with an average performance loss of 3 mA h−1 at 50 °C. The MEAs tested at 70 °C failed after 15 h (Acta I2) and 25 h (SEBS) due to pin‐hole formation in the membrane.
The role of IDO, IL‐10, and TGF‐β in the HCV‐associated chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Ruonan , Gao Nan , Chang Qian , Meng Xianchun , Wang Wanhai
Published: April 2018

Indoleamine‐2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is an enzyme that catalyzes tryptophan to kynurenine and studies have revealed that IDO play a vital role in regulation of liver immunity and inflammation activities. This study investigated the association between plasma IDO and disease severity and the possible marker role of IDO in the inflammatory process of hepatitis C. In this study, 80 individuals with HCV infection were retrospectively selected. Plasma levels of IDO, IL‐10, and TGF‐β were assayed by ELISA. Clinical characteristics of patients, including the levels of ALT, AST, and total bilirubin (TBil) were collected from clinical databases. HCV‐related liver cirrhosis (HC‐Cirr) and HCV‐related Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV‐HCC) had significantly high plasma levels of IDO compared to other patient groups and healthy controls. Plasma IL‐10 level were significantly greater in all chronic liver disease groups and with respect to TGF‐β, the level was high in all the selected patients with HCV infection compare with controls. Moreover, HCV‐HCC patients showed highest values for both IL‐10 and TGF‐β, with significant difference compared with other groups. In addition, plasma IDO was positively correlated with TGF‐β among all patients with HCV infection (r = 0.4509, P < 0.0001), with IL‐10 in CHC patients (r = 0.4787, P = 0.0047), with TBil in HCV‐Cirr patients (r = 0.4671; P = 0.0093). High level of IDO and TGF‐β is associated with hepatocyte necrosis and intrahepatic inflammation, and may be used as an index of disease progression for patients with chronic HCV infection.
Changing temperature extremes based on CMIP5 output via semi‐parametric quantile regression approach
Authors: Yang Chi , Li Lingshan , Xu Jing
Published: April 2018

The Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) proposed a set of 27 core indices, describing extreme weather and climate events based on daily temperature and precipitation data. There are six percentile‐based temperature extreme indices: four exceedance rates (ERs) (TN10p, TN90p, TX10p and TX90p) and two durations (cold spell duration [CSDI] and warm spell duration [WSDI]), derived by using percentiles for calendar days during the base period 1961–1990 as thresholds. The widely used empirical quantile (percentile) estimator or its bootstrap resampling adjustment may result in inhomogeneity in the derived annual ER series or in their linear trends, as well as seasonally varying biases in the monthly ER series. We present a new data set of the six indices for the historical and three representative concentration pathways (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios simulated by 19 global climate models participating the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5, generated via the semi‐parametric quantile regression approach. Percentiles estimated upon the independence condition, inhomogeneity and seasonal biases are removed from the new data set, so that the changes in temperature extremes can be authentically revealed from the climatological distribution point of view. Compared with its counterpart produced by the CLIMDEX project, the new data set shows similar spatial and temporal change patterns under the RCP scenarios, but with much smaller magnitudes. By the end of 21st century, TN90p increases to 17.3, 24.5 and 40.0%, and TX90p increases to 16.9, 22.1 and 35.3%, under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, respectively. WSDI increases to 35 days under RCP8.5. For the three increasing indices, the most significant changes occur in tropical and extratropical regions. The greatest increases in TN90p and TX90p occur in southeast Asia and Amazon Basin, up to 85 and 68% in the summer under RCP8.5; that in WSDI occurs in Amazon Basin up to 120 days under RCP8.5.
DCEUS‐based multiparametric perfusion imaging using pulse‐inversion Bubblet decorrelation
Authors: Wang Diya , Su Zhe , Zhang Yu , Zhao Xiaoyan , Wang Supin , Wan Mingxi
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This study aimed to clarify the influences of composite dynamic contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS) on multiparametric perfusion imaging (PPI) and to develop a novel PPI scheme through pulse‐inversion Bubblet decorrelation (PIBD) to improve its contrast and detailed discriminability.

Method

In in vivo perfusion experiments on rabbit kidneys, a pair of phase‐inverted “Bubblets” was constructed. Phase‐inverted raw radiofrequency echoes were reconstructed by using the maximum coefficients obtained from Bubblet decorrelation analysis and summed to form DCEUS loops. Nine perfusion parameters were estimated from these loops and color coded to create the corresponding PIBD‐based PPIs.

Results

In addition to time‐related PPIs, the contrast and detailed discriminability quantified by the average contrast and information entropy of intensity‐ and ratio‐related PPIs were proportional to the microbubble detection sensitivity and microvascular discriminability evaluated by CTR in DCEUS techniques. Compared with the second harmonic, the CTR of DCEUS and the average contrast and information entropy of PPI were significantly improved by 9.03 ± 5.39 dB (P < 0.01), 6.39 ± 1.38 dB (P < 0.01), and 0.57 ± 0.15 (P < 0.05) in PIBD technique, respectively.

Conclusions

As a multiparametric functional imaging technique, these improvements in the proposed scheme can be beneficial to accurately quantify and depict the hemodynamic perfusion features and details of tumor angiogenesis, and further can also assist clinicians in making a confirmed diagnosis.
Parent and teacher perceptions of NAPLAN in a sample of Independent schools in Western Australia
Authors: Rogers S. L. , Barblett L. , Robinson K.
Published: April 2018

Stories appear frequently in the Australian media regarding parent and teacher perceptions and attitudes towards the National Assessment Program—Literacy and Numeracy. However, thorough empirical investigations of parent perceptions are sparse. This study presents a survey of 345 parents across Years 3 and 5 from a sample of Independent schools in Western Australia. A representative sample of teachers from these schools were also surveyed in order to compare and contrast parent and teacher perspectives about the transparency and accountability associated with testing, the usefulness of results for helping individual students, and the perceived clarity of communication of results. Findings reveal mixed positive and negative views that reside within an overall prevailing low opinion of the testing. Some ways for improving the perception of the testing with the general public are discussed.
Perspective féministe sur l’article 1974.1 du Code civil du Québec. Une protection efficace dans la vie des femmes locataires victimes de violences?
Authors: Laperrière Marie-Neige
Published: April 2018

Cet essai féministe s’intéresse aux violences vécues par les femmes locataires et plus spécifiquement à l’une des initiatives mises de l’avant par le législateur civiliste. Depuis 2006, l’article 1974.1 C.c.Q. autorise la résiliation unilatérale du bail lorsque la sécurité d’une locataire est menacée. Ce texte interroge l’efficacité de cette initiative législative. Il propose tout d’abord une analyse féministe matérialiste et radicale de la dichotomie privée/publique, laquelle est sous-jacente à l’organisation du droit du logement en droit civil. Cette division spatiale et législative suppose une qualification préalable et implicite des violences vécues à domicile comme appartenant à la sphère privée et individuelle, plutôt que sociale et collective. Dans cette structure légale, l’article 1974.1 C.c.Q. revêt un caractère réformiste. Ensuite, des résultats préliminaires sont présentés à propos de l’utilisation de cet article devant la Régie. Ils mettent en lumière quatre obstacles majeurs à son efficacité.
Control of a swept-wing boundary layer using ring-type plasma actuators
Authors: Shahriari Nima , Kollert Matthias R. , Hanifi Ardeshir
Published: April 2018

Application of ring-type plasma actuators for control of laminar–turbulent transition in a swept-wing boundary layer is investigated thorough direct numerical simulations. These actuators induce a wall-normal jet in the boundary layer and can act as virtual roughness elements. The flow configuration resembles experiments by Kim et al. (2016 Technical Report. BUTERFLI Project TR D3.19, http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/id/eprint/46529). The actuators are modelled by the volume forces computed from the experimentally measured induced velocity field at the quiescent air condition. Stationary and travelling cross-flow vortices are triggered in the simulations by means of surface roughness and random unsteady perturbations. Interaction of vortices generated by actuators with these perturbations is investigated in detail. It is found that, for successful transition control, the power of the actuators should be increased to generate jet velocities that are one order of magnitude higher than those used in the experiments by Kim et al. (2016) mentioned above.
Capillary retraction of the edge of a stretched viscous sheet
Authors: Munro James P. , Lister John R.
Published: April 2018

Surface tension causes the edge of a fluid sheet to retract. If the sheet is also stretched along its edge then the flow and the rate of retraction are modified. A universal similarity solution for the Stokes flow in a stretched edge shows that the scaled shape of the edge is independent of the stretching rate, and that it decays exponentially to its far-field thickness. This solution justifies the use of a stress boundary condition in long-wavelength models of stretched viscous sheets, and gives the detailed shape of the edge of such a sheet, resolving the position of the sheet edge to the order of the thickness.
Two new species ofNilssoniopteris(Bennettitales) from the Middle Jurassic of Sandaoling, Turpan-Hami Basin, Xinjiang, NW China
Authors: Zhao Yi , Deng Shenghui , Shang Ping , Leng Qin , Lu Yuanzheng , Fu Guobin , Ma Xueying
Published: April 2018

Two new species ofNilssoniopterisof the order Bennettitales,Nilssoniopteris hamiensisZhao and Deng, new species andNilssoniopteris crassiaxisZhao and Deng, new species, are established from the Xishanyao Formation (Middle Jurassic) of Sandaoling Coal Mine in Hami, Xinjiang, China, based on leaf macromorphology and cuticular features.Nilssoniopteris hamiensisn. sp. is characterized by its varied leaf shapes and trichome bases of 1–4 cells on the abaxial epidermis.Nilssoniopteris crassiaxisn. sp. is characterized by its broad midrib (especially near the leaf base) and trichome bases of 1–3 cells on the abaxial epidermis. Both species possess unique venation patterns that are not only simple and free, but also forked and merged to form closed loops. These anastomosing veins are even more complicated inN.crassiaxisn. sp. in that the veins can fork once, twice, or even three times, the forked veins can later merge with each other or with an adjacent vein to form a closed loop, which may later further disjoin. The generic diagnosis ofNilssoniopterisis thus accordingly emended, particularly in the venation pattern. In addition, the stratigraphic and geographical distributions of all 45 JurassicNilssoniopterisspecies worldwide have been summarized and analyzed to better understand their brief evolutionary history, indicating thatNilssoniopterismight be able to grow not only in subtropical regions as the living cycads are, but also in warm climatic regions.
Corporate personality: utilising trust law to invoke the application of the concealment principle
Authors: Allan Gregory , Griffin Stephen
Published: April 2018

The landmark Supreme Court judgment in Prest v Petrodel Resources Ltd provides a significant reassessment of the law relating to a court's ability to circumvent corporate personality. The Supreme Court considered that the application of ordinary legal principles (‘the concealment principle’) should ordinarily override a court's ability to apply an equitable veil-piercing doctrine (‘the evasion principle’). Whilst accepting the primacy of the concealment principle, this paper disputes the correctness of the Supreme Court's implied assertion that, in cases concerning ‘one-man type’ companies, the concealment principle should be advanced through application of agency-derived principles. Rather, this paper contends that the concealment principle should be progressed by adopting solutions derived from the law of constructive trusts and associated principles of equity. To an objective of providing a doctrinally sound framework for the development of the law in the post-Prest era, this paper further suggests that the constituent elements of the evasion principle could be consistent with the operation of a distinct species of constructive trust. Moreover, it is argued that, in future, this ‘evasion trust’ should, in complete abrogation of the equitable piercing doctrine, be developed so as to apply in all cases exhibiting intentional and fraudulent abuses of the incorporation process.
Seeing for ourselves: Insights into the development of moral behaviour from models of visual perception and misperception
Authors: Collerton Daniel , Perry Elaine
Published: April 2018

Parallels from visual processing support Doris's cognitive architecture underlying moral agency. Unconscious visual processes change with conscious reflection. The sparse and partial representations of vision, its illusions, and hallucinations echo biases in moral reasoning and behaviour. Traditionally, unconscious moral processes are developed by teaching and reflection. Modern neuroscience could bypass reflection and directly influence unconscious processes, creating new dangers.
Another rescue mission: Does it make sense?
Authors: Patrzyk Piotr M.
Published: April 2018

Two misguided ideas dominate philosophical thinking on moral responsibility: (1) the idea that it obviously exists, and (2) the idea that even if it does not, it is nevertheless needed for the society to function properly. In his book, Doris (2015b) discusses the first illusion, while uncritically accepting the second. In this commentary, I question the utility of such endeavors.
To kill a bee: The aptness and moralistic heuristics of reactive attitudes
Authors: Viciana Hugo , Gaitán Antonio , Aguiar Fernando
Published: April 2018

Although we are sensitive to the advantages of reactive attitudes as a starting point, we are concerned that confusion on the level of analysis can easily plague this type of account. We argue that what is needed here is a serious appraisal of the effects on the promotion of values of moralistic responses toward different types of agency.
Diamond Impurities Reveal Water Deep Within the Mantle
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: April 2018

A high-pressure form of ice, trapped within diamonds forged in the lower mantle, suggests that aqueous fluids reside deeper in Earth than we knew.
Time-dependent memory transformation along the hippocampal anterior–posterior axis
Authors: Dandolo Lisa C. , Schwabe Lars
Published: April 2018

With time, memories undergo a neural reorganization that is linked to a transformation of detailed, episodic into more semantic, gist-like memory. Traditionally, this reorganization is thought to involve a redistribution of memory from the hippocampus to neocortical areas. Here we report a time-dependent reorganization within the hippocampus, along its anterior–posterior axis, that is related to the transformation of detailed memories into gist-like representations. We show that mnemonic representations in the anterior hippocampus are highly distinct and that anterior hippocampal activity is associated with detailed memory but decreases over time. Posterior hippocampal representations, however, are more gist-like at a later retention interval, and do not decline over time. These findings indicate that, in addition to the well-known systems consolidation from hippocampus to neocortex, there are changes within the hippocampus that are crucial for the temporal dynamics of memory.
Copper catalyzed growth of hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes on a tungsten substrate
Authors: Kumar Vijayesh , Maity Palash Chandra , Lahiri Debrupa , Lahiri Indranil
Published: April 2018

Copper nanoparticles were introduced as the catalyst for the direct growth of BNNTs on a metallic substrate leading to their direct application in electronics.
Co-solvent effects on reaction rate and reaction equilibrium of an enzymatic peptide hydrolysis
Authors: Wangler A. , Canales R. , Held C. , Luong T. Q. , Winter R. , Zaitsau D. H. , Verevkin S. P. , Sadowski G.
Published: April 2018

This work presents an approach that expresses the Michaelis constant KaM and the equilibrium constant Kth of an enzymatic peptide hydrolysis based on thermodynamic activities instead of concentrations.
Effect of osmolytes on the thermal stability of proteins: replica exchange simulations of Trp-cage in urea and betaine solutions
Authors: Adamczak Beata , Kogut Mateusz , Czub Jacek
Published: April 2018

Although osmolytes are known to modulate the folding equilibrium, the molecular mechanism of their effect on thermal denaturation of proteins is still poorly understood.
Wearable and flexible electronics for continuous molecular monitoring
Authors: Yang Yiran , Gao Wei
Published: April 2018

Wearable/flexible chemical sensors enable continuous molecular monitoring and provide an individual's dynamic health information at the molecular level.
Superprotonic conduction through one-dimensional ordered alkali metal ion chains in a lanthanide-organic framework
Authors: Wang Xia , Wang Yanlong , Silver Mark A. , Gui Daxiang , Bai Zhuanling , Wang Yaxing , Liu Wei , Chen Lanhua , Diwu Juan , Chai Zhifang , Wang Shuao
Published: April 2018

An ultrahigh proton conductivity of 2.91 × 10−2 S cm−1 and an ultralow activation energy of 0.10 eV were observed in an anionic lanthanide-organic framework. Both values approach the records for proton-conducting MOF materials.
The photothermal effect in MOFs: covalent post-synthetic modification of MOFs mediated by UV-Vis light under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Espín Jordi , Garzón-Tovar Luis , Boix Gerard , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: April 2018

Photothermal effect can be used to perform covalent post-synthetic modifications on metal–organic frameworks under solvent-free conditions.
Rectangle and [2]catenane from cluster modular construction
Authors: Qiu Xiao-Ting , Yao Rui , Zhou Wen-Fa , Liu Meng-Di , Liu Quan , Song Ying-Lin , Young David J. , Zhang Wen-Hua , Lang Jian-Ping
Published: April 2018

A cluster rectangle and a [2]catenane, respectively, featuring PN-type and cuboidal cluster subunits are synthesized from cluster modular constructions.
Investigation of V2O5 as a low-cost rechargeable aqueous zinc ion battery cathode
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Shan Lutong , Wu Zhuoxi , Guo Xun , Fang Guozhao , Liang Shuquan
Published: April 2018

We report a low-cost rechargeable aqueous Zn–V2O5 cell with 3 M ZnSO4 electrolyte that demonstrates high zinc storage capability.
Thermally induced 1D to 2D polymer conversion accompanied by major packing changes in single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation
Authors: Singh Ashutosh S. , Ali Amjad , Tiwari Ranjay K. , Behera Jogendra N. , Sun Shih-Sheng , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: April 2018

The molecular packing in crystals is highly sensitive to temperature and pressure. We report a thermally-induced H-bonded 1D → 2D polymer formationviaSCSCT.
Electron-driven spin diffusion supports crossing the diffusion barrier in MAS DNP
Authors: Wittmann Johannes J. , Eckardt Michael , Harneit Wolfgang , Corzilius Björn
Published: April 2018

Hyperfine interactions can quench homonuclear spin-diffusion in the direct vicinity of a polarizing agent in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). However, under magic-angle spinning (MAS), the same interactions may also enhance the spin-diffusion rates through an electron-driven spin diffusion (EDSD) mechanism introduced here.
Deposition of hydrogenated silicon clusters for efficient epitaxial growth
Authors: Le Ha-Linh Thi , Jardali Fatme , Vach Holger
Published: April 2018

Epitaxial silicon thin films grown from the deposition of plasma-born hydrogenated silicon nanoparticles using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition have widely been investigated due to their potential applications in photovoltaic and nanoelectronic device technologies. Here, molecular dynamics simulations are presented to predict the optimal deposition conditions.
Alloy-composition-dependent oxygen reduction reaction activity and electrochemical stability of Pt-based bimetallic systems: a model electrocatalyst study of Pt/PtxNi100−x(111)
Authors: Todoroki Naoto , Kawamura Ryutaro , Asano Masato , Sasakawa Ren , Takahashi Shuntaro , Wadayama Toshimasa
Published: April 2018

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and electrochemical stability of well-definednmonolayer (ML)-Pt/PtxNi100−x(111) (n= 2 and 4;x= 75, 50, and 25) model electrocatalyst surfaces were investigated in this study.
Dissociative electron attachment and electronic excitation in Fe(CO)5
Authors: Allan M. , Lacko M. , Papp P. , Matejčík Š. , Zlatar M. , Fabrikant I. I. , Kočišek J. , Fedor J.
Published: April 2018

In a combined experimental and theoretical study we characterize dissociative electron attachment (DEA) to, and electronically excited states of, Fe(CO)5.
Multimetallic nanosheets: synthesis and applications in fuel cells
Authors: Zeb Gul Sial Muhammad Aurang , Ud Din Muhammad Aizaz , Wang Xun
Published: April 2018

From the perspective of multimetallic nanosheets, their synthesis and applications in fuel cells are highlighted.
C2 adsorption in zeolites: in silico screening and sensitivity to molecular models
Authors: Shah Mansi S. , Fetisov Evgenii O. , Tsapatsis Michael , Siepmann J. Ilja
Published: April 2018

Selective zeolitic frameworks for adsorptive separation of ethane and ethylene are identified using molecular modeling with improved force fields.
Metal–organic framework-derived one-dimensional porous or hollow carbon-based nanofibers for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Wang Chaohai , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Bando Yoshio , Lin Jianjian , Liu Chao , Li Jiansheng , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: April 2018

This review summarizes the advances in the derivation of one-dimensional porous and hollow carbon nanofibers from metal–organic frameworks for energy storage and conversion.
‘Painting’ nanostructured metals—playing with liquid metal
Authors: Wang Zhenbin , Wang Ying , Gao Hui , Niu Jiazheng , Zhang Jie , Peng Zhangquan , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: April 2018

We show that materials scientists can ‘paint’ nanostructured metal on a metallic foil using liquid metal (gallium) as the paint.
Synthesis and characterization of sisal fibre polyurethane network cross-linked with triple-shape memory properties
Authors: Pan Lulu , Xiong Zhongqiang , Song Laifu , Ban Jianfeng , Lu Shaorong
Published: April 2018

In this paper, a thermo-responsive network shape-memory polymer (SMP) which has high elasticity, triple shape-memory properties and rapid shape recovery effects was reported.
Qualität messbar machen
Authors: Stephanie Schikora
Published: April 2018

Bereits zum dritten Mal trafen sich Anfang März Vertreter der Fachgesellschaften, der ärztlichen Praxis, der Selbstverwaltung, der Politik und der Patientenorganisationen im Rahmen der Veranstaltung „Diabetes 2030“ in Berlin zu einem konstruktiven und offenen Dialog. Aus einer Idee ist damit eine Initiative geworden, die jetzt in Bewegung kommen muss. Denn spätestens mit der Verankerung der nationalen Diabetestherapie im Koalitionsvertrag wird deutlich, dass diese Volkskrankheit nicht nur eine besondere persönliche und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung, sondern mittlerweile auch einen hohen politischen Stellenwert hat.
Mangel an subkutanem Fettgewebe kann fatale Folgen haben
Authors: Schäfer Nadja , Wabitsch Martin
Published: April 2018

Eine gründliche Anamnese und die körperliche Untersuchung sind der Schlüssel, um die seltene heterogene Gruppe lipodystropher Syndrome mit assoziiertem Mangel oder Verlust an subkutanem Fettgewebe frühzeitig zu erkennen. Bereits im Kindesund Jugendalter zeigen Betroffene habituelle Auffälligkeiten. Hyperphagie in Verbindung mit unstillbarem Hunger kennzeichnen oft die Erkrankung. Patienten leiden auch an oftmals unspezifischen Krankheitszeichen, die unbehandelt zu schwerwiegenden metabolischen Komplikationen wie Hypertriglyzeridämie, Insulinresistenz, Steatosis hepatis und facettenreichen Folgesymptomatiken führen können (1). Typische Befundkonstellation gilt es zu erkennen und angemessene Therapieverfahren einzuleiten, um dem Krankheitsprogress entgegenzuwirken.
Neues zur Diagnostik und Therapie der Riesenzellarteriitis
Authors: Czihal Michael , Lottspeich Christian , Hoffmann Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Was ist neu?

Bildgebende Diagnostik Eine rein B-Bild-basierte Ultraschalldiagnostik kann die Akzeptanz und den breiten, zeitgerechten Einsatz des Ultraschalls in der Diagnostik der Riesenzellarteriitis befördern und so die Patientenversorgung verbessern. Der Kontrastmittelultraschall könnte einen Stellenwert in der bildgebenden Ad-hoc-Beurteilung der Vaskulitisaktivität bei Riesenzellarteriitis mit Beteiligung extrakranialer Arterien unter Therapie haben.

Therapie Mit dem Interleukin-6-Rezeptor-Antagonisten Tocilizumab steht eine effektive, explizit für die Riesenzellarteriitis zugelassene Therapie zur Verfügung.
Aktuelle Aspekte kardiologischer Therapien bei älteren Menschen
Authors: Müller-Werdan Ursula , Norman Kristina
Published: April 2018

Was ist neu?

Herzinfarkt im Alter Auch der alte STEMI-Patient kann entscheidend von der Wiedereröffnung des verschlossenen Herzkranzgefäßes mit Stentimplantation profitieren. Blutungskomplikationen können bei Verwendung des radialen anstelle des femoralen Herzkatheterzugangs reduziert werden.

Statine beim älteren Menschen: Wann indiziert und wann nicht mehr indiziert? Ältere profitieren nicht weniger als Jüngere von einer Statintherapie. Die Zielwertstrategie ist der Strategie der festen Dosis vorzuziehen. Der Statinverzicht ist u. a. bei einer geschätzten Lebenserwartung < 3 Jahre gerechtfertigt.

Malnutrition im Alter – zu wenig beachtet und zu wenig therapiert Kachexie, Sarkopenie und Mikronährstoffdefizit können mit einer individualisierten Ernährungstherapie wirksam bekämpft werden.

TAVI auch bei mittlerem Operationsrisiko Die SURTAVI-Studie hat die Nicht-Unterlegenheit der TAVI im Vergleich zum operativen Aortenklappenersatz bei Patienten mit schwerer Aortenklappenstenose und nur mittelgradigem Operationsrisiko belegt.

Post-TAVI-Endokarditis: ein neues Krankheitsbild des betagten Patienten Diabetes mellitus und vorbestehende Aorteninsuffizienz erhöhen das Risiko. Enterokokken und S. aureus sind für jede zweite Post-TAVI-Endokarditis verantwortlich.
Treatment Standards and Individualized Therapy of Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Paul Urban Peter , Jacobi Christian , Jander Sebastian
Published: April 2018

A wide range of established treatment options is currently available for myasthenia gravis. These include cholinesterase inhibitors for symptomatic treatment and a broad spectrum of immunosuppressive, immunomodulating or cell-depleting options to modify the underlying immunological process. Appropriate use allows the great majority of patients to lead a normal life. Specialized centers integrating outpatient and in-hospital resources as well as interdisciplinary competences offer important advantages for optimum individualized therapy.
Klinische Remission des Typ-2-Diabetes durch Diät und Lebensstilinterventionen
Authors: Martin Stephan
Published: April 2018

Sämtliche wissenschaftliche Leitlinien zur Behandlung des Typ-2-Diabetes sehen als Basistherapie eine Änderung des Lebensstils vor. Jedoch wird diese Therapieoption in der klinischen Praxis aus verschiedenen Gründen nur habherzig verfolgt. Zwei aktuelle Studien, die englische DiRECT und die deutsche TeLiPro, haben nun diese Basistherapie in radikaler Form umgesetzt und ganz erstaunliche Ergebnisse erzielt. In DiRECT gelang es, fast 50 % der Studienteilnehmer mit einer mittleren Diabetesdauer von 3 Jahren in eine klinische Remission zu bringen. In TeLiPro wiederum wurde bei einer 11-jährigen Diabetesdauer der HbA1c-Wert um 0,8 % gesenkt, obwohl gleichzeitig die antidiabetische Therapie reduziert wurde. Diese neuen Befunde sind gesundheitspolitisch eine neue Option, die kontinuierlich steigenden Ausgaben für Diabetesmedikamente zu begrenzen. TeLiPro wird in Deutschland bereits von privaten, aber auch gesetzlichen Krankenkassen ihren Versicherten angeboten und erstattet.
Prophylaxe und Therapie der Malaria: aktuelle Empfehlungen
Authors: Vinnemeier Christof , Rolling Thierry
Published: April 2018

Was ist neu?

Epidemiologie Weltweit sind die Malaria-Inzidenzen rückläufig. Die Zahl der nach Deutschland importierten Fälle blieb zuletzt auf hohem Niveau stabil. Von größter Bedeutung ist es gut bekannte Risikogruppen mit Beratungsangeboten zu erreichen, z. B. Reisende auf Verwandtenbesuch in Endemiegebieten.

Prophylaxe Mefloquin steht seit 2013 in Deutschland nur noch als Einzelimport zur Verfügung, bleibt jedoch für bestimmte Personengruppen weiter ein wichtiges Prophylaktikum. Die notfallmäßige Selbsttherapie der Malaria, die gängige Praxis für Reisende in Länder mit niedrigem und mittlerem Übertragungsrisiko ist, wird in der Reisemedizin zunehmend kritisiert und sollte zielgerichteter eingesetzt werden.

Therapie der Malaria tropica Patienten mit einem höheren Körpergewicht müssen nach einer Therapie engmaschig nachbeobachtet werden, da sie ein höheres Risiko einer Rekrudeszenz haben. Artesunat ist Mittel der Wahl zur Therapie der komplizierten Malaria tropica. Auch hier ist eine konsequente Kontrolle nach Therapieende notwendig, um eine mit Artesunat assoziierte hämolytische Anämie frühzeitig zu erfassen.

Malaria tertiana Seit 2014 gab es in Deutschland eine Zunahme von Patienten mit einer Malaria tertiana, insbesondere bei Migranten aus Eritrea. Aufgrund der unzureichenden Gesundheitsversorgung der Flüchtenden haben nicht alle Patienten die bei Plasmodium vivax notwendige Rezidivprophylaxe mit Primaquin erhalten.
Pulmonale tumorthrombotische Mikroangiopathie bei einer Patientin mit metastasierendem Magenkarzinom
Authors: Zomorodbakhsch Bijan , Shaforostova Inna , Fiedler Robert
Published: April 2018

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Eine 53-jährige Patientin mit einem Rezidiv eines multimodal vorbehandelten Magenkarzinoms musste 6 Monate nach Therapieabschluss mit akuter Atemnot stationär aufgenommen werden.

Untersuchungen Tachykardie und Tachypnoe lagen vor. D-Dimere und LDH waren erhöht, die Blutgase noch unauffällig. In der Computertomografie (CT) konnte eine Lungenarterienembolie (LAE) und eine Pneumonie ausgeschlossen werden. Die Echokardiografie blieb unauffällig. Neu nachweisbar war ein maligner Pleuraerguss links.

Diagnose Im Verlauf bestätigte sich die Diagnose einer pulmonalen tumorthrombotischen Mikroangiopathie (PTTM) im Rahmen eines Magenkarzinomrezidivs.

Therapie und Verlauf Wegen einer progredienten respiratorischen Insuffizienz musste die Patientin auf die Intensivtherapiestation verlegt werden. Echokardiografisch zeigte sich eine neu aufgetretene, ausgeprägte Rechtsherzbelastung. Unter dem Verdacht auf eine fulminante LAE erfolgte aus vitaler Indikation eine Lysetherapie ohne klinischen Erfolg. Die CT zeigte Veränderungen, die mit einer PTTM vereinbar waren. Die Patientin starb nach wenigen Tagen.

Folgerung Die PTTM ist eine seltene tumorassoziierte pulmonale Komplikation mit häufig fatalem Verlauf.
Schilddrüsenkarzinom – ist weniger (Therapie) mehr?
Authors: Todica Andrei , Ladurner Roland , Spitzweg Christine
Published: April 2018

Was ist neu?

„Active Surveillance“ beim papillären Mikrokarzinom (PTMC) Entgegen früherer Empfehlungen wird in aktuellen Leitlinien eine weitere Abklärung von Schilddrüsenknoten mittels Feinnadelpunktion nicht mehr bei Knoten < 1 cm empfohlen, um eine Überdiagnostik der häufigen und sich meist indolent verhaltenden PTMC zu vermeiden. Daten aus prospektiven Untersuchungen aus Japan und den USA belegen außerdem, dass bei sorgfältig selektierten Patienten mit PTMC ein „Active Surveillance“-Ansatz in Erwägung gezogen werden kann, bei dem die chirurgische Therapie mit kurativem Ansatz erst dann erfolgt, wenn sich ein signifikanter Progress zeigt.

Anpassung der Therapie mit individualisierter Risikostratifizierung Unter Verwendung verschiedener von internationalen Fachgesellschaften vorgeschlagener Risikostratifizierungssysteme werden international eingeschränkt radikale chirurgische Therapieverfahren und ein restriktiverer Einsatz der Radiojodtherapie bei Patienten mit Niedrig-Risiko-DTC empfohlen sowie eine risikoadaptierte Individualisierung der Schilddrüsenhormonsubstitutionsdosis. Ein weiteres international mittlerweile breit akzeptiertes Werkzeug zur Risikostratifizierung der Therapie beim DTC ist die dynamische Risikoanpassung nach R. Michael Tuttle, die eine Neueinschätzung des Risikos im Verlauf auf dem Boden des therapeutischen Ansprechens erlaubt. Unter Berücksichtigung der internationalen Leitlinien werden auch in Deutschland derzeit aktuelle interdisziplinäre evidenzbasierte Leitlinien für die Diagnostik und Therapie von DTC erstellt.

Systemische Therapie beim Radiojod-refraktären DTC Angesichts der Nebenwirkungsprofile der molekular gezielten Therapien wird auch nach der Zulassung von Sorafenib und Lenvatinib bei begrenzter Tumorlast, asymptomatischer Erkrankung und stabilem Krankheitsverlauf neben der Ausschöpfung anderer nebenwirkungsärmerer palliativer Therapieverfahren primär eine „Watch-and-Wait“-Strategie empfohlen. Molekular gezielte Therapien werden erst dann in Erwägung gezogen, wenn ein signifikanter Progress bei hoher Tumorlast vorliegt und eine Watch-and-Wait-Strategie nicht mehr sinnvoll ist.
Correction to: Men’s Involvement in a Parenting Programme to Reduce Child Maltreatment and Gender-Based Violence: Formative Evaluation in Uganda
Authors: Siu Godfrey E. , Wight Daniel , Seeley Janet , Namutebi Carolyn , Sekiwunga Richard , Zalwango Flavia , Kasule Sarah
Published: April 2018

The article Men’s Involvement in a Parenting Programme to Reduce Child Maltreatment and Gender-Based Violence: Formative Evaluation in Uganda written by Godfrey E. Siu, Daniel Wight, Janet Seeley, Carolyn Namutebi, Richard Sekiwunga, Flavia Zalwango and Sarah Kasule was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 6 October 2017 without open access.
Moral narratives and mental health: rethinking understandings of distress and healthcare support in contexts of austerity and welfare reform
Authors: Thomas Felicity , Hansford Lorraine , Ford Joseph , Wyatt Katrina , McCabe Rosemarie , Byng Richard
Published: April 2018

Associations between mental health and poverty are increasingly well established. Yet in neoliberally oriented contexts in which distress engendered through the everyday hardships of poverty is increasingly pathologised and medicalised, important questions are raised over the assumptions inherent within mental health policy and its implementation. Using the UK as a focus, this paper reviews and maps out key questions that require investigation in order to better understand the complex inter-relations between poverty and distress; explores how current paradigms might influence notions of individual responsibility and agency as well as health seeking behaviours; and examines the role of, and cultural and systemic expectations and constraints placed upon GPs as they respond to distress amongst patients from low-income communities. In so doing, we argue for recognition of the moral narratives that underpin both mental health care and processes of welfare reform, and call for an expansion of conventional notions of evidence-based healthcare to incorporate the understandings, experiences and priorities of people from low-income groups. We call for more detailed questioning and analysis of the interactions that lead to mental health diagnosis and treatment and better understanding of the relevance and effectiveness of current treatment options. As a central tenet of this, we argue for more flexible and nuanced healthcare responses that better reflect the dynamic and multi-faceted nature of poverty-related distress.
Orientation-adjusted anomalous insulator-metal transition in NdNiO3/LaMnO3 bilayers
Authors: Pan S. Y. , Shi L. , Zhao J. Y. , Zhou S. M. , Xu X. M.
Published: April 2018

NdNiO3/LaMnO3 (NNO/LMO) bilayers were epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates with different orientations by the polymer-assisted deposition technique. A well crystallization quality of the bilayers is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Two consecutive transitions, an anomalous insulator-metal transition at ∼100 K followed by the typical metal-insulator transition at ∼171 K, are observed in the (001)-oriented NNO/LMO/STO bilayer. The anomalous insulator-metal transition temperature increases to 142 K for the (111)-oriented NNO/LMO/STO bilayer. Meanwhile, the magnetic properties of the NNO/LMO bilayers show an obvious difference with [100] and [111] orientations. Considering the different strain directions and the related oxygen octahedral distortion/rotation, it is suggested that the magnetic changes and the low-temperature anomalous insulator-metal transition in the NNO/LMO bilayers are attributed to the strong interlayer exchange coupling and charge transfer adjusted by the substrate orientation, which can be an effective technique to tune the properties of transition-metal oxide films.
Clever girl? An observation of innovative prey handling by a dingo (Canis dingo)
Authors: Behrendorff Linda
Published: April 2018

Predators often exhibit highly intelligent and adaptable hunting techniques to subdue large prey; however, these events are rarely captured. Here I report an infrequently seen occurrence of a dingo (Canis dingo) utilising waves on the eastern beach of K’gari (Fraser Island) to entrap, tire and deliberately drown an adult swamp wallaby (Wallabia bicolor). This behaviour highlights an adaptive technique for innovative prey handling by a single dingo to achieve an outcome that would usually take two or more animals under normal conditions.
Exploring the Logic of Name Changes and Identity Construction: A Reflective Self-Narration of Assimilation Expectations
Authors: Xu Xing
Published: April 2018

This paper derives largely from my own experience during two international sojourns as a case study to tease out the salient elements of the dynamic processes involved in the exchange of my Chinese name Xing for an arbitrary English counterpart Helen, and then followed by reverting to Xing again. Contrary to previous studies that construe the issues of international students reconstructing their ethnic names into English ones as an innocuous expression of good will and cultural integration, this study argues that the neglected impact that these transitions of nomenclature have on the patronization of one’s ethnic identity should be addressed as a matter of significant importance. The methodological approach taken here will involve adopting a reflective philosophical self-narration of the ramifications on my ethnic identity associated with the name change. This analysis will be extrapolated and further developed within Cross’s five-stage model, arguing that the name change process is indicative of a developing awareness of one’s ethnic identity.
Biomechanical characterization of the Junzuki karate punch: indexes of performance
Authors: Rinaldi Martina , Nasr Yasmen , Atef Ghada , Bini Fabiano , Varrecchia Tiwana , Conte Carmela , Chini Giorgia , Ranavolo Alberto , Draicchio Francesco , Pierelli Francesco , Amin Mokhtar , Marinozzi Franco , Serrao Mariano
Published: April 2018

The aims of this study were: (i) to determine kinematic, kinetic, and electromyographic characteristics of Junzuki karate punch in professional karate athletes; (ii) to identify biomechanical parameters that correlate with punch force and lead to a higher punching performance; (iii) to verify the presence of muscle co‐activation in the upper limb, trunk, and lower limb muscles. Data were collected from nine experienced karatekas from the Accademia Italiana Karate e Arti Marziali during the execution of the specific punch. Mean punch forces (181.2 N) delivered to the target, the range of motion of both right and left knees (1.13 and 0.82 rad) and right elbow (1.49 rad) joints, and the angles at impact (knee: 0.81 and 0.91 rad; elbow: 1.19 rad) in the sagittal plane were computed. Furthermore, the trunk rotational angular acceleration (63.1 rad s−2), force related to the lower limbs (550.2 and 425.1 N), and co‐activation index for the upper limb (36.1% and 34.7%), trunk (24.5% and 16%), and lower limbs (16.0% and 16.1%) muscles were evaluated bilaterally. Significant positive correlations were found between the punch force and both right and left knee flexion at the instant of impact and right and left leg force. Significant negative correlation was found between the punch force and maximum trunk angular acceleration. Significant differences (p = .03) in the co‐activation index among the upper limb, trunk, and lower limbs muscles highlighted a rostro‐caudal gradient on both body sides. This research could be of use to performers and coaches when considering training preparations.