bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steering Control in Electric Power Steering Autonomous Vehicle Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Control and PI Control
Authors: Arifin Bustanul , Suprapto Bhakti Yudho , Prasetyowati Sri Arttini Dwi , Nawawi Zainuddin
Published: March 2022

The steering system in autonomous vehicles is an essential issue that must be addressed. Appropriate control will result in a smooth and risk-free steering system. Compared to other types of controls, type-2 fuzzy logic control has the advantage of dealing with uncertain inputs, which are common in autonomous vehicles. This paper proposes a novel method for the steering control of autonomous vehicles based on type-2 fuzzy logic control combined with PI control. The primary control, type-2 fuzzy logic control, has three inputs—distance, navigation, and speed. The fuzzy system’s output is the steering angle value. This was used as input for the secondary control, PI control. This control is in charge of adjusting the motor’s position as a manifestation of the steering angle. The study results applied to the EPS system of autonomous vehicles revealed that type-2 fuzzy logic control and PI control produced better and smoother control than type-1 fuzzy logic control and PI. The slightest disturbance in the type-1 fuzzy logic control showed a significant change in steering, while this did not occur in the type-2 fuzzy logic control. The results indicate that type-2 fuzzy logic control and PI control could be used for autonomous vehicles by maintaining the comfort and safety of the users.
Autoantibodies against Proinsulin, Human Endogenous Retrovirus W (HERV-W) and Mycobacterium avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis (MAP) Slowly Decrease Years after T1DM Diagnosis
Authors: Noli Marta , Meloni Gianfranco , Simula Elena Rita , Manca Maria Antonietta , Jasemi Seyedesomaye , Ruberto Stefano , Cossu Davide , Palermo Mario , Sechi Leonardo A.
Published: March 2022

Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) and human endogenous retrovirus W (HERV-W) in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) among Sardinian subjects. To better understand how antibody responses evolve during disease progression, a serological evaluation of IgG antibodies was performed in Sardinian children with T1DM collected at different time-points following the onset of the disease. It is known that anti-PI and anti-insulin (IAA) autoantibodies are the first to appear before the clinical onset of T1DM. In order to investigate the humoral responses, 69 children with T1DM were enrolled in the study, including 25 with new onset, 25 with T1DM at 1–5 years since diagnosis and 19 with T1DM at 6–12 years since diagnosis. Serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies (Abs) against PI46–61, three MAP epitopes (including MAP 2404c, which has a homologous sequence with PI) and two HERV-W-derived epitopes via indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data obtained from the analysis showed significantly higher IgG responses against all peptides detected in the new onset group compared to longer suffering (1–5 and 6–12 years) T1DM patients, also showing a robust correlation between the proinsulin autoantibody and anti-MAP/HERV antibodies, characterized by a progressive decline the first year after onset. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that MAP and HERV could act as risk factors for T1DM, suggesting that they may serve as potential biomarkers of disease progression in early-stage T1DM.
Uso de etileno vinil acetato (EVA) en mezcla asfáltica: Una revisión literaria
Authors: Flores Chilón Deysi Liseth , Muñoz Pérez Sócrates Pedro , López Vallejos Vanessa Araceli , Rodriguez Lafitte Ernesto Dante
Published: March 2022

En  los  últimos  años  se  ha  visto afectada    la    infraestructura    vial debido  al  incremento  del  tráfico y  las  variaciones  de  temperatura, esto ha ocasionado la aparición de surcos y grietas. El presente trabajo tiene  como  objetivo  realizar  una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre el uso de etileno vinil acetato (EVA)   en   mezclas   asfálticas.   Se realizó una revisión de 50 artículos científicos    indexados    entre    los años  2015  al  2021,  recopilados  de distintas      de  datos  obtenidas  de Scopus, Sciencedirect, ProQuest, IOP Science y Ebsco. Sobre la revisión se encontraron  investigaciones  de  la influencia de EVA en las propiedades del asfalto. Se examinó el proceso de  selección  de  contenido  óptimo, los  cambios  en  las  propiedades  y los  resultados  obtenidos.  Se  pudo concluir   que   la   adición   de   EVA mejora las propiedades, incrementa la     estabilidad,     disminuye     la formación   de   los   surcos   y   las deformaciones.
Estudio y valoración del procedimiento de soldadura en láminas de aleación de aluminio AW5086
Authors: Antunez Jorge
Published: March 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo   determinar    la    influencia  de los cambios morfológicos de la aleación de aluminio AW 5086 en las propiedades mecánicas del conjunto soldado, al variar el régimen de soldadura. Para ello se elaboraron cuatro (4) probetas de Aleación de Aluminio 5086-H116 soldadas  con Bisel mediante proceso  GTAW  a través de cuatro (4) corridas donde se combinaron diferentes amperajes y flujos. Posteriormente, se realizaron ensayos de tracción, doblez y dureza y, además, de análisis metalográfico de cada una de las probetas ensayadas. Se pudo determinar que la mejor corrida fue la I con 150 A y 8 l/min, ya que con este amperaje y flujo se alcanzaron las mejores propiedades mecánicas tanto en el cordón  de  soldadura  como  en la zona afectada térmicamente. Del análisis metalográfico se concluyó que en términos generales  en  soldadura de aleación de aluminio no tratable térmicamente 5086 H-116, entre los componentes micro-estructurales están el precipitado de siliciuro de magnesio Mg2Si y partículas finas del compuesto inter-metálico Mg2Al3, las cuales se encuentran dispersas en una matriz de magnesio en aluminio.
Güvâhî'nin "İbretnâme"si
Authors: DEMİRKAZIK Hacı İbrahim
Published: March 2022

Güvâhî Türk edebiyatında Pendnâme adlı eseriyle tanınmıştır. Şairin bunun dışında Tazarrunâme, Gurbetnâme ve İbretnâme isimli üç eseri daha vardır. Bu çalışmanın konusu başlıktan da anlaşılacağı üzere İbretnâme’dir. İbretnâme, dünya hayatının fâniliğini, ahiret için hazırlık yapılması gerektiğini temsili hikâyelerle anlatan nasihatname türünde bir eserdir.Hazırlanan bu çalışmada biyografik kaynaklar ile daha önce yapılan çalışmalardan istifade edilerek Güvâhî’nin hayatı ve eserleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İbretnâme’nin yazmaları yurt içi ve yurt dışındaki kütüphaneler taranmak suretiyle tespit edilmiştir. İçeriği ve nüshalarından yola çıkarak İbretnâme’nin yazılış tarihi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ulaşılabilen yazmalardan hareketle eserin beyit sayısı ortaya konulmuştur. İbretnâme’de yer alan bölümler ve bu bölümlerin içeriği ve konusuna dair bilgi verilmiştir. Eserdeki aruz, kafiye ve redif kullanımına ilişkin değerlendirme yapılmıştır. İbretnâme’nin tespit edilen yedi yazma nüshasına dair bilgi verilip mukayeseli bir şekilde bunların özellikleri ve ihtiva ettikleri beyit sayıları üzerinde durulmuştur. Son olarak elde olan nüshalardan faydalanılarak İbretnâme’nin tenkitli metni ortaya konulmuştur.Çalışmada Güvâhî’nin bu kıymetli eserinin metni ortaya konularak ilim âleminin istifadesine sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Hayatın Teatral İz Düşümü: Oyun Kültür Benlik Türk Halk Kültüründe Geleneğin “Temsil”leri
Authors: GÖNÜL Gizem Ece
Published: March 2022

Genel itibarıyla kolektif bir icrayı çağrıştıran oyun, kültürün şekillenmesinde rol sahibidir. Ancak bundan daha önce, varoluşun güçlü bir parçası, bireyi oluşturan temel bir fenomendir. Gerek kültür yapıcı olması, gerekse de bireyin zihnini, yetilerini ve benliğini hem kişiye hem oyun arkadaşlarına hem de seyircilere yansıtmasına olanak vermesi sebebiyle oyun, çok işlevli bir kavramdır. Bu konuya dikkat çeken Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı Bölümü Öğretim Üyesi Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Aysun Dursun, Oyun Kültür Benlik Türk Halk Kültüründe Geleneğin “Temsil”leri isimli çalışmasında geleneğin ve bireyin oyun alanındaki görünümlerini ayrıntılı bir şekilde inceler. Bahsi geçen alana sadece edimsel değil, aynı zamanda sözlü-yazılı halk kültürü ve edebiyatı örneklerini de içeren bütüncül bir bakış geliştirir. Geleneğin izini temelde geçiş dönemleri (doğum-evlenme-ölüm) üzerinden süren araştırmacı, bunun yanı sıra komşuluk, misafirlik ve esnaflık geleneklerinin temsillerini de inceler. Böylece bireyin rolleri, farklı performans alanlarında, farklı sosyal ilişkiler düzleminde, farklı “oyun sahalarında” açığa çıkartılır.
آثار الإغفال التشريعي الاجتماعية
Authors: طالب حيدر , حارث سرى
Published: March 2022

تعتمد فاعلية التشريعات وجودتها على مدى استجابتها للواقع السياسي والاجتماعي والاقتصادي والأخلاقي، فجودة التشريعات لا تقتصر على احترافية الصياغة والدقة والوضوح والشمولية وسهولة الوصول إليها وفهمها، وإنما تعتمد أيضاً على واقعية هذه التشريعات وإمكانية قبولها وتطبيقها من قبل المخاطبين بها، ولذلك فإن أي نقص أو قصور في هذه التشريعات من شأنه أن يجعل هذه القوانين منفصمة عن الواقع وتدخل في دائرة الاغتراب التشريعي، وفي هذه الدراسة حاولنا التركيز على الآثار الاجتماعية لأغفال المشرع عن تنظيم كافة الجوانب اللازمة لفاعلية الحقوق أو الحريات محل التنظيم، وما يمكن أن يترتب على هذا الإغفال من فراغ تشريعي يضعف الضمانات الدستورية المقررة لمباشرة هذه الحقوق والتمتع بتلك الحريات، وأثر هذا الإغفال على تخلخل المراكز والعلاقات القانونية في المجتمع واستقرارها، فالقوانين الجيدة هي تلك القوانين التي تحقق العدالة الاجتماعية وثبات المراكز والعلائق الاجتماعية لمدة معقولة مع إمكانية التوقع المشروع لأي تغييرات أو تعديلات يمكن أن تطرأ على هذه التشريعات، وهنا يظهر دور رقابة الإغفال التشريعي التي يمارسها القضاء  الدستوري في معالجة النقص والقصور التشريعي وتنبيه السلطة التشريعية لحالات الإغفال وقصور التتنظيم لتلافيها والحد من آثارها الاجتماعية.
الاختصاص النوعي للمحكمة الإدارية العليا في العراق
Authors: جعفر الهاشمي رشا محمد , مهدي مروة موفق
Published: March 2022

استحدثت المحكمة الادارية العليا بموجب قانون رقم (17) لسنة 2013 التعديل الخامس لقانون مجلس الدولة رقم 65 لسنة 1979 ، ويعد استحداثها تطوراً نوعياً على صعيد القضاء الاداري في العراق وذلك لاستيفاء مقومات نظام القضاء المزدوج الذي يتطلب وجود محكمة ادارية عليا على رأس محاكم القضاء الاداري فضلاً عن انه بإستحداثها قد عاد الوضع الى نصابه الصحيح وانفض الاشتباك والتداخل بين اختصاص القضاء الاداري والقضاء الدستوري في موضوعات هي من اختصاص القضاء الاداري البحتة بتوليها اختصاص النظر تمييزاً في القرارات الصادرة عن كل من محاكم قضاء الموظفين ومحاكم القضاء الاداري لتنتهي بذلك ولاية المحكمة الاتحادية العليا على هذه الطعون التي كانت تمارسها بموجب قانونها رقم (30) لسنة 2015.

اضافة لما تقدم تختص المحكمة الادارية العليا  بفض التنازع الحاصل حول تعيين الاختصاص في نظر الدعوى الذي يقع بين محكمة القضاء الاداري ومحكمة قضاء الموظفين والتنازع الحاصل حول تنفيذ حكمين مكتسبين درجة البتات متناقضين صادرين عن محكمة القضاء الاداري أو محكمة قضاء الموظفين في موضوع واحد إذا كان بين الخصوم انفسهم أو كان احدهم طرفاً في هذين الحكمين وترجح احد الحكمين وتقرر تنفيذه دون الحكم الاخر .

ويسلط هذا البحث الضوء على الاختصاص النوعي للمحكمة الإدارية العليا في العراق خلال تحليل النصوص القانونية والقرارات التطبيقية المتعلقة بالموضوع .
Understanding Battlefield Performance of U.S. Marines Ashore during the Civil War
Authors: Anderson Michael G.
Published: March 2022

During the American Civil War, U.S. Marines rarely engaged in land operations and even more rarely conducted land-based or amphibious operations involving more than one company. The Marine Corps’ lackluster battlefield performance ashore during the Civil War is best understood by examining their poor organization in officer selection, recruiting and retention, ad hoc formations larger than company size, limited collective tactical training, and experience in large-scale ground combat. The focus of this study is on large-scale Marine land operations, involving battalion-size elements assembled on an ad hoc basis and led by either U.S. Navy officers or U.S. Army officers, to analyze Marines’ battlefield performance ashore.
The “Devil-May-Care Song of the Leathernecks”: A HISTORY OF THE “MARINES’ HYMN,” 1920–47
Authors: Bowers Lauren
Published: March 2022

From 1920 to 1947, the “Marines’ Hymn” was a familiar sound over the radio waves and in motion pictures. Beyond its popular appeal, however, the hymn was scrutinized by Marine Corps leadership under the reforms of Major General Commandant John A. Lejeune, subjected to a prolonged ownership dispute, updated during a world war, and given an official birthday. This article continues the author’s research on the topic and examines these important milestones in the history of the “Marines’ Hymn” and the conflicts that arose as Marine Corps leadership attempted to maintain and promote one dignified official version that would foster a positive public image for the increasingly professional Corps.
DIGITALIZATION PARADIGM OF UKRAINIAN FINANCIAL MARKET
Authors: KHAMIDOV Obidjon , MAMANAZAROV Abdukhakim , MAKSYMOVA Irina , SLUSARENKO Kateryna , KULISHOV Volodymyr
Published: March 2022

The article examines the key concepts and theories of modern digitalization paradigm of global financial market, its equilibrium, conditions of financial centres, e-commerce, and FinTech companies. It identifies positive and negative aspects of financial market digitalization and its transformation in global digitalization. Effective principles for the digitalization of Ukraine’s economy are explored. The key ways of financial market digitalization are outlined. The article presents a framework of indicators for the digitalization of the financial market in Ukraine. Quantitative analysis is applied to the indicators grouped by type: general indicators of online financial activity of the population; indicators of online and offline accumulation of funds; indicators of credit activity. In addition, some ways to digitalize Ukrainian market are outlined and hierarchical model of FinTech sectors in Ukraine is proposed. This allows us to identify the most promising areas for the future development of financial technologies in such areas as cash flow services, innovations and new standards of technological services, and application development. It is substantiated that in addition to the commonly used payment tools, the most promising areas in Ukraine are the development of IT solutions, financial asset analytics, marketplaces and neo-banking.
From data to decisions – Quality assurance in radon policy
Authors: Bossew Peter , Petermann Eric
Published: March 2022

Radon abatement policy is the response to the detrimental effect of indoor radon which is estimated to cause hundred thousands of lung cancer fatalities worldwide annually. The policy consists of decisions to implement measures. Decisions rest on data and (sometimes competing) interests, among them health protection. Its weight as an argument depends, among other factors, on knowledge about its subject – in this case, levels, effects, and geographical distribution of exposure to radon. Therefore, the quality assurance of radon policy depends on one of the underlying knowledge, from data to decisions derived from them. Some aspects of the quality assurance chain are discussed in this article.
Pelatihan Membuat Surat Menggunakan Microsoft Word Pada Kelas XII SMK Industri Mandiri Karawang
Authors: Awalludin Dudi
Published: March 2022

Peran teknologi informasi dalam hal ini komputer di dunia pendidikan sangatlah penting. Penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam kasus ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan penggunaan software aplikasi pengolah kata dan data yang mudah dan powerfull dengan tetap mempermudah siswa dalam mengerjakan tugas. Mengerjakan tugas-tugas dalam pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh Guru yang mengharuskan mereka mengerjakan tugas-tugas tersebut Salah satu aplikasi pengolah data yang sering digunakan adalah Microsoft Word. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pemahaman kepada siswa kelas XII SMK Industri Mandiri. Hasil dari kegiatan ini mampu menambah pengetahuan siswa tentang aplikasi pengolah kata yaitu Microsoft Word terlihat dari antusiasnya respon siswa pada saat pelatihan berlangsung.
Microbial enzymes: the role of enzyme in cancer therapy
Authors: Zbar Nedhaal Suhail
Published: March 2022

One of the most important challenges of the 21st decade is cancer. Adequate therapy advances aren't meeting the growing quantity of sufferers. Therapies that are frequently utilized doesn't always achieve the expected outcomes. As a consequence, it's vital to take action. Identify innovative supplementary appropriate therapies. Immunology involves the utilization of certain kinds of microorganisms. It is perhaps of their most essential potentially fruitful pathway that, in some way, therapy is thought to increase intestinal response, allowing cancerous lymphocytes to be removed preferentially. These study results seem encouraging, proving that microbial activation creates a strong reaction engagement in the innate immunological responses. Also, microbes may be used for various methods depending on their special qualities, such as pathogenicity, anaerobic living, and binding compounds that may be transported to a particular region. This publication gives an analysis of a chosen listing of indigenous microorganisms, including their characterization, genetic encoding, enzymes associated with proteins, mechanisms, or action towards cancer. Things are still in the testing stage. The use of microorganisms for chemotherapy, unlike every medical treatment, has inherent drawbacks. Biotechnology makes use of a large variety of enzymes that are commercially manufactured using specially screening microbes. Several microbes have been studied, developed, or optimized to create large enzymatic preparations for commercial production. Because diverse businesses need enzymes for diverse objectives, microbiological enzymes have been researched for their unique properties that may be used in a variety of bioreactors.
Uses of organometallic compounds in chemical processes
Authors: Asaad Noora , AL-Bassam Ahmed Z. M. , Alabdullah Sahar S. M.
Published: March 2022

This review is proposed to address knowledge of organometallic compounds (OMC) in chemical applications and show these compounds' depth scope in different scientific studies. This review is based on outlining the gap between the traditional preparations and green chemistry synthesis of organometallic materials purposes in the experimental section of a researcher's papers. The most comparative research considers the drawbacks of organometallic compounds, including their applications in industrial, clinical, drug forms, and chemical reactions. However, many organometallic compounds are inherently poisonous. The most general challenge is producing alternative substances to creative green organometallic compounds, specifically in drug formulations systems. A wide range of chemical reactions have been investigated and formulated new organometallic properties this may be associated with an increased level of enhancement health systems. This study aims to determine the importance of organometallic compound in many path ways in various articles and confirmed how papers trying to characterize new organometallic substances in various chemical processes. Particular interest is given to knowledge synthesis OMC in medicine and industrially.
FEATURES OF MODAL WORDS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors: Kaharova Iroda
Published: March 2022

The scope of the category of modality in linguistics is extremely wide and is the object of the research, reflecting the rich aspects of communication. The concept of modality is considered as a category of meaning that expresses the attitude of a speaker to the content of the spoken word, to reality, that is, the objective reality is reflected in the mind of a speaker, and it expresses its attitude with the help of various semantic categories. The category of modality is widely used in lexicology, phraseology, word formation, morphology and linguistics of the text.
Modal words are words that express the speaker's own opinion, attitude to events. This attitude is in terms of the clarity or ambiguity of an idea. With the help of modality, a meaningful connection is established between the external aspects of the expressed thought that are not related to the language, and the effectiveness of the connection with the event is achieved.
Modal words are separated by a pause in speech and a comma in writing. When modal words are reused or accompanied by an emotionally significant word, the meaning is reinforced. More than one simple word may be used in colloquial speech. Modal words and words with modal meaning are closely related, and one of the current tasks of functional grammar is to define the characteristics of each of them.
The presence of wide possibilities in the manifestation of the modal category, of course, indicates that this category is a universal phenomenon and its study is of great importance for understanding the essence of a language construction. In this article, the author analyzes the relationships of the language to the most complex and comprehensive category of modality in English and Uzbek, as well as the expression of the category of modality. Also, the examples analyzed in Gafur Gulam's story "A Naughty Boy" clearly show the diversity of attitudes towards this category.
THE ROLE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF HISTORISM IN ETHNOGENETIC INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Kuldashev Akram
Published: March 2022

This article deals with the relationship between the ancient Germanic and ancient Turkic tribes, that is illustrated in historical sources. Interaction between peoples requires contacts between their languages. The events mentioned in the article took place in Europe in the II-IX centuries AD. The historical process, known as the Great Migration of Nations, changed the ethnic and, of course, the linguistic map of Europe.
Scandinavian sources claim that most of the central and North Germanic peoples migrated from Eastern Europe and Asia in the 5th -10th centuries AD.
The process of the great migration of peoples is one of the most deeply studied events in world history. The beginning and end of the Great Migration of Nations have been periodically and geographically studied by many scholars, historians, geographers and others. However, since the study of this phenomenon has been mostly carried out by European scholars, it is natural that the assessment of this process has always been one-sided.
Europeans, as civilized peoples with their highly developed culture, became victims to barbarian peoples, and these barbarians delayed socio-economic development for hundreds of years. This is the traditional European assessment of the Great Migration shared by Chinese, Japanese and other scholars and experts who follow the European scholars and agree with them. No one tried to answer the question of what language the participants in the Great Migration of Nations spoke, because the answer was incompatible with Western ideology, and in order to avoid such answers, they said that “there is no written evidence about this”. Only at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, specialists from Europe, Russia, Turkey and Central Asia realized that the main driving force behind the great migration of peoples was the Huns, and that they were Turkic-speaking peoples. The scholars of the world changed their point of view and focus because they realized that it was the most important part of the problem of the Great Migration of Nations. The article ends with an etymological analysis of the names of some Turkic and Germanic tribes that participated in the Great Migration of Peoples.
FUNCTIONAL-SEMANTIC FIELD OF GRADUATION CATEGORY IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Authors: Makhmudova Nilufar
Published: March 2022

There are a lot of scientific researches on semantic relations in world languages, in particular, the study of the status of graduality as a general linguistic phenomenon. Since gradation plays a special role in human cognitive activity, in determining the pragmatic aspect of speech acts, it is important to conduct a scientific research on the description of gradation, classification, peculiarities of expressions in non-relative languages. Particular attention is paid to the research aimed at revealing the similarities and differences of cognitive, semantic and pragmatic features of languages of different typological nature. The status of gradation is defined differently by linguists, which can be explained by the complexity, versatility, and prevalence of this phenomenon in a language.Gradual relations are marked in the categories of semantics, parts of speech, functional-semantic categories, complex syntactic structures, grammatical meaning, categorical signs, speech lexicon, in the system of connotational meanings of words and phrases, internal text gradation in complex sentences, and so on.This, in turn, indicates how broad the scope of the research on linguistic gradation is.
Defining the essence of the category of gradation implies the study of it together with the relevant logical-philosophical concepts. In philosophy, gradation is not distinguished as an important concept. While it is related to concepts such as quality, quantity, and measurement on the one hand, we can observe that it is inextricably linked with the concept of action on the other. Accordingly, in this article, qualitative and quantitative signs serve as a criterion for the formation of systematically related dialectical integrity.
Based on the theory of measurement, the grading process can be expressed in the form of a scale that records each phase of change using special signs.In this way, the ontological nature of gradation is defined by some linguists, that is, gradation is classified as a scale represented in steps as a variable object. The phenomenon of gradation exists in the language system, as noted above, and requires in-depth study in semantic and functional terms.
Gradual sign, as a sign of change, is a phenomenon that is manifested, to a certain extent, or another, which is characterized by size, relativity, and variability.The functional-semantic features of gradation require a cognitive approach. This approach implies that a language is studied not only as a unique object but also as a means of relating to all the textual processes that take place in the human mind.
THE PHENOMENON OF ORIENTALISM IN THE LITERATURE OF THE EARLY ENGLISH ROMANTICISM (XVIII-XIX CENTURIES)
Authors: Mamarasulova Gulnoz
Published: March 2022

In the eighteenth century, English interest in exploring the Eastern world had increased tremendously. Orientalism was recognized as a cultural phenomenon and it had a great influence on architecture, gardening, art and literature as well. As for the poets and writers, the oriental environment created a different mood and new modes of expression that inspired them to compose works with the eastern motifs. The main contribution of Orientalism to English literature was a distraction of the poets’ mind from outdated ideas and filling it with fresh views.
In the first half of Romanticism, the authors portrayed bad manners that belonged to their own culture in satirical verses with the help of oriental peculiarities. During this period, drama plots depicted the inevitability of punishment for sinners and disgusting things. But in the next part of the eighteenth century, poets focused their attention mainly on the exotic and mysteriousness of the East. Therefore, in order to present Oriental features, there was a strong need for fresh shapes, ornaments and figures that had never been used before. On the stage, the fondness for pantomimes and melodramas became progressively greater. In English Romantic literature, dramas appeared with completely ornamented customs and fanciful decorations.
Through this article, while reviewing the main features of the European Enlightenment, it is possible to understand some of the factors that led to the emergence of the Romantic movement and the differences between the two trends. In the literature of the Enlightenment, it is logic and reason that are more important than other elements, and there is almost no emphasis on romantic-based sentiments. According to the ideas of the Enlightenment, a person and his/her relationships, his/her place in society, should be formed, first of all, in line with a scientific point of view.
In the history of the Romantic period, it was firmly believed that impartiality was not only a wish, that could be achieved. Representatives of this period avoided the idea that it was preferable to worry about the economic infrastructure of a country with new resources, techniques and capital, rather than subjective feelings, observations about nature and creative inclinations. Literary works on political and economic themes also reflected the priorities and values of the time. In the same way, philosophical works shed light on the problems of their time and are based on the experience of humanity, along with the personal thoughts of the creators.
IDENTIFICATION OF THE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE OF AN IMMOBILIZED TRANSDUCER AND THE MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE OF AN ELECTRODYNAMIC LOUDSPEAKER USING AUTOMATIC FIT OF THE FORCE FACTOR BL
Authors: Volkov Denys , Didkovskyi Vitaliy
Published: March 2022

This paper describes a method for determining mechanical and electrical impedances of an electrodynamic transducer based on the automatic brute-force search of the force factor Bl. Also, the way of identifying electrical apparent resistance and apparent
inductance of the voice coil is shown as an example of deeper loudspeaker analysis that proposed method allows to achieve. The measured signals are voltage on speaker terminals, voice coil current and membrane displacement. Measuring displacement in addition to voltage and current allows to completely separate transducer mechanical subsystem from electrical and apply various known
modeling approaches to them separately.
ASSYMETRIC ACOUSTIC WAVE TRANSMISSIONS USING MODE CONVERSION
Authors: Kitamura Toshiaki , Hirayu Takashi
Published: March 2022

We propose a design for asymmetric acoustic transmission using mode conversion in a waveguide with gratings. First, we studied dispersion diagrams to determine the waveguide widths and clarified the mechanism of asymmetric acoustic transmission using
the cutoff of a higher-order mode. Then we analyzed the sound pressure level and showed that asymmetric acoustic transmission is feasible by utilizing the mode conversion and cutoff. In addition, we investigated the structural dependence of the transmission rates
for bidirectional propagation.
The Effect of Manipulating Task and Environment Constraints on Performance of Selected Fundamental Movement Skills
Authors: Tahmasebi Farshid , Salehi Sayed Kavos , Pak Mehdi
Published: March 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of task and environment manipulation on the performance of selected basic motor skills. For this purpose, 30 children aged 4 to 6 years were selected using the available sampling method. First, the pre-test of over hand throwing was performed using the accuracy of throwing and kicking, and then the participants were randomly divided into 3 groups: manipulation of task restraints, environment constraints, and control. According to the research plan, the intervention groups performed the program for 6 weeks and two 60-minute sessions each week. The task constraint group practiced according to the task ecological analysis method, the environment constraint manipulation group practiced in the based on enrichment of the environment and the control group had no activity. After the last training session, a post-test was performed and the results were recorded. The data were analyzed with analysis of covariance test and Bonferroni was used for paired comparisons. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the remaining mean scores of kicking and over hand throwing of the subjects in terms of group membership (experimental and control groups) (P <0.05). Also, the results of Bonferroni post hoc test showed that the groups of manipulation of task constraints and performance environment had better than the control group in the studied skills, but the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P <0.05). The finding generally support and provide an insight into the idea of the effect of constraints manipulation on performance. Therefore, when teaching and working with children, manipulation of task constraints and environment can be used to improve the performance of children's fundamental movement skills.
Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Studies of Β-Cells Insulin Up-Regulation in Pancreatic Tissues of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats Treated with Melatonin and Magnesium
Authors: Godam Elvis Tams , Hamman Wilson Oliver , Kelechi Enebeli S. , Oladele Sunday , Samaila Modupeola Omotara , Musa Sunday Abraham
Published: March 2022

Background: Improve insulin secretion and cellular availability to reduced blood glucose levels in diabetic subjects by bioactive compound especially antioxidants are the new focus to ameliorate the complication with diabetes mellitus. Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of administration of melatonin and magnesium on the cytoarchitecture of the pancreatic tissue and to access immunohistochemically insulin release in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Albino rats. Materials and methods: To achieve this aim six normoglycaemic rats and fourty eight Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats was used in the study after two weeks acclimatization period. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin at 10 mg/kgb (MLD), magnesium dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all groups’ treatment was for twenty-one days. At the end of the study, the animals were aestheticized and euthanized to harvest pancreatic organ. The organs were fixed in neutral buffered formaldehyde (NBF). They were histologically prepared and stained using haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically stained using insulin antibody to access insulin release. Results: Melatonin treatment at 10mg/kgbw and at 20 mg/kgbw showed histological improvement in histological tissues and insulin release while when combined with magnesium at dose of 10mg/kgbw and at 240 mg/kgbw showed better results. The administration of magnesium at 240 mg/kgbw, 480 mg/kgbw and when combined with melatonin at high doses does not show significant improvement in islet β-cell proliferation and insulin release. Conclusion: The administration of melatonin and magnesium at low doses regenerates pancreatic islet histoarchitecture and augments insulin release from treated diabetic albino rats.
Aesthetics of Protest in Black American Literature: A Study of June Jordan’s Directed by Desires and Richard Wright's Native Son
Authors: Ikechi Emeka , Timibofa Ayebanoa , Kika Otuare Theophilus
Published: March 2022

The introduction of jazz and blues in the United States of America influenced the works of Afro American writers both in content and form. These jazz and blues musical songs were used as mediums to protest against racism, class, gender and other inhuman practices meted on the blacks in the United States. Although these songs were not formally written, they became a source of inspiration for writers afterwards in terms of themes and style. The later writers who changed to formal literature borrowed from the themes and styles of these jazz and blues musicians. This paper is signicant because it has examined the thematic preoccupation of June Jordan’ Directed by Desires and Richard Wright's novel, Native Son. Findings show that both writers were thematically and stylistically influenced by the jazz and blues era of art in Af ro American Literature. Data for this essay was collected via qualitative research methodology, while the postcolonial theory was adopted for analysis. The paper submits that themes of racism, class, gender and protest were features of the jazz and blues era which later writers modelled their works after.
The Writer and Society: A Literary Study of Balaraba Ramat Yakubu’s Reflections on Hausa Society
Authors: Atuwo Abdulbasir Ahmad
Published: March 2022

Styles were used by different authors to ensure a proper channeling of messages from their novels to the targeted readers. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu who is among the few reputable Hausa women authors combined the position of mother, elder, leader, and responsible married woman. At the time she strived hard to acquire what can sustain her family and relatives she wrote many Hausa fiction books in which she depicted her wisdom and opinions in exposing the need to have a decent society base on her life experience, a society that respects women dignity, display honesty, discipline and promote a violent free society and encourage respect for one another. Balaraba Ramat Yakubu has tried to symbolize some of these issues in her books as her contribution towards sustaining responsible society in Nigeria, Africa, or the world at large. Styles as used by authors is a toolbox in the manipulation of their talents to expose their mission in their works. Balaraba Ramat used her styles to display her opinions on how different dimensions of our lives should be. This paper analyzes how Balaraba Ramat Yakubu addressed some of these issues and analyzes them. The paper used her Hausa novels and the academic works done on them and other things related to her. The paper, however, makes contact with both primary and secondary sources for further justifications. It however concludes with the findings that in Hausa society, men remain behind their wives in whatever they do to earn their lively hood as long as their strives do not contradict Islam and Hausa culture. Again going by the power of the pen, the paper also encourages writers especially women to use their pen as their powerful weapon to fight all forms of insurgency which rendered hundreds of thousands of women and children victims of circumstances in many African countries.
Vipassana Meditation on Psychosocial Problems among Adults with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Authors: P Thenmozhi , R Abirami , B Ammu , Devi S. D. Sandhiya
Published: March 2022

Alcohol dependence has been showing a rising trend all over the world including India. Alcohol consumption has health and social consequences via intoxication, alcohol dependence and other biochemical effects of alcohol. Exposure and desensitization, thought-monitoring, relaxation, and acceptance, have all been suggested as potential active ingredients of mindfulness training which could help an individual to find new ways to behave by changing their thought process. Hence the present study was conducted with the aim to determine the effectiveness of vipassana meditation on psychosocial problems among adults with alcohol dependence syndrome. Pre-experimental research design was adapted with 30 participants who met the inclusion criteria was selected by convenience sampling technique. The demographic questionnaire was completed at the beginning of the study. Pre-test assessment on psychosocial problems was assessed using checklist. Vispasana meditation was administered to the participants for 10 days and post-test was conducted at the tenth day using same tool. The data were tabulated and analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Paired t test reveals that the administration of vipassana meditation was found to be effective in reducing the level of psychosocial problems of alcohol dependence symptoms among adults. The study findings concluded that vipassana meditation has great impact on reduction of psychosocial problems. The finding motivates to do more research in order to provide comprehensive care to the alcohol dependent related psychosocial problems.
Bioremediation of Chromium by Bacteria
Authors: Naureen Irum , Saleem Aisha , Attaa Maria , Kanwal Shaista , Younas Hafiza Ayesha , Rubab Umm-e- , Zaryab Aatika
Published: March 2022

Chromium (VI) is a thoughtful and common environmental chemical. In nature, chromium can be found both as chromium (VI) or as chromium (III).Chromium (III) is less lethal and definitely adsorbed ins oils and waters, whereas chromium (VI), which is the most toxic form, is not eagerly adsorbed and maximum of its salts are soluble. Numerous bacteria have been noticeable that can change extremely water-soluble and toxic Cr(VI) to unsolvable and rather non-toxic Cr(III), bacterial bioremediation of Cr(VI) contamination is controlled by a number of difficulties, in precise chromium poisonousness to the remediating cells. Cr (VI) is a lethal, resolvable environmental contaminant. Bacteria can decrease chromate to the unsolvable and less poisonous Cr (III). The Hexavalent form of chromium is the most toxic and cancer-causing and produces health dangerous effect. Hexavalent chromium is of specific environmental worry due to its toxicity and flexibility and is thought-provoking to remove from industrial waste water. Reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III) makes simpler its removal from effluent and also reduces its poisonousness and mobility. So, we can apply the modern biotechnology for the elimination of numerous toxic complexes.
Impact of COVID-19 on ERCP Practice: A Center Experience from North Africa
Authors: Borahma Mohamed , Ouardi Walid El , Benelbarhdadi Imane , Zahra Fatima
Published: March 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively influenced gastrointestinal endoscopy practice worldwide. We aimed to evaluate its impact on the ERCP practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze all ERCPs performed during 2020 in our unit by comparing the first trimester of the year or the pre-pandemic period with the rest of the year or the pandemic period. Results: We performed 149 ERCPs with 65 ERCPs (43.6%) during the pre-pandemic period and 84 ERCPs (56.4%) during the pandemic period. ERCPs volumes decreased by 57% during the pandemic period in comparison with the pre-pandemic period. The most ERCP indications were common bile duct stones and malignant biliary strictures with an increase in numbers of acute cholangitis during the pandemic period (p=0.035). There was no difference regarding cannulation methods and technical success between the two periods. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically affected the ERCP practice in our unit with a significant decrease in the ERCP volumes with an increase in the urgent ERCP indications.
Effect of Audit Tenure and Auditor Switching on Audit Delay with Auditor Specialization as Moderating Variable
Authors: Yeanne Colson Tani Andri , Grahita Chandrarin , Diana Zuhro
Published: March 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of audit tenure and auditor switching on audit delay with auditor specialization as a moderating variable. This study is a quantitative study using secondary data with a sample of 23 consumer goods sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data collection method is done by accessing the company's financial statements published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data obtained were then processed using SPSS. This analysis includes classical assumption test (data normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test), statistical test (F test, t test and R2 test) and moderating regression analysis (MRA). Based on the results of the tests carried out, it shows that the F test of the multiple linear regression equation model is appropriate (Fit) that there is a significant effect between audit tenure and auditor switching on audit delay. While the t test, audit tenure has no significant effect on audit delay, audit switching has a significant effect on audit delay, auditor specialization as a moderating variable cannot moderate or weaken the relationship between audit tenure and audit switching.
Hate Speech and Ethno-Religious Violence in Nigeria
Authors: Okolie Ugo
Published: March 2022

Hate speech is the precursor to ethno-religious violence in Nigeria. In recent times, no issue has generated widespread public comment in Nigeria more than the issues of hate speech and ethno-religious violence rocking the country and its sad consequences on national integration.  Though, on the issue of hate speech, the provisions of Nigeria constitution and Nigeria Electoral Act are clear but the question is where to draw the line between political statements and hate speech. Therefore, this study explored the effect of hate speech on ethno-religious violence in Nigeria. A descriptive method was adopted and data was collected via a survey of 600 respondents comprises of Traditional Leaders, Christian leaders, Muslim leaders, Leaders of civil society groups and Youth leaders in South-South, South-West, South-East, North-West, North-central and North-East geopolitical zones of Nigeria. Data collected were analyzed using correlation and linear regression analysis with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21. The study found that there is significant relationship between hate speech and ethno-religious violence in Nigeria. The study submits that, hate speeches in Nigeria are mostly credited to political leaders and their ethnic, religious or regional supporters. Requisite recommendations and conclusion were provided in the light of empirical and theoretical findings.
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT: AN ANALYSIS WITH REFERENCE TO THE STATE OF KARNATAKA
Authors: Suma K G
Published: March 2022

In rural development, the role of corporate social responsibilities (CSR) has a broader application. A concerted attempt has been made in this study to gain a better understanding of the role of corporate social responsibility in rural development. A major focus of corporate social responsibility (CSR) investment is expected to be rural development, which entails the improvement of rural regions’ economic and social systems, among other things. The raw data used to prepare this article was obtained from the official CSR website; the derived information was compelled in order to meet the article’s objective. A sophisticated methodological analysis of the data has been conducted in order to have a better understanding of the subject.
KEY WORDS: CSR, Karnataka, Initiatives, Rural Development