bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction of bleomycin and radiation in combined treatment on mouse L cells
Authors: Bistrović M. , Maričić Ž. , Kolarić K.
Published: February 2007

Using an established line of L cells, we studied survival properties and recovery after combined action of bleomycin and radiation. A moderate synergistic effect was observed when bleomycin and radiation were given simultaneously. Cell recovery from radiation damage was not affected by bleomycin. Results seem to be in agreement with previously published data.
Serum alpha‐fetoprotein as a marker for the effect of post‐operative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour
Authors: Sell A. , Søgaard H. , Nørgaard‐Pedersen B.
Published: February 2007

The clinical pathological findings of eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour) are presented. Histological examination in all eight cases showed a typical endodermal sinus tumour pattern, and in six of the patients other tumour elements such as dysgerminoma, choriocarcinoma, malignant teratoma, endometriosis, and a dermoid cyst were also found. Six patients had increased serum alpha‐fetoprotein concentration in the postoperative period, and two patients had a normal concentration 27 and 35 days after operation, respectively. In all cases except one, a close correlation between serum alpha‐fetoprotein and progression or regression of tumour was found. Serum alpha‐fetoprotein was thus found to be a reliable parameter in post‐operative radiation and/or chemotherapy (VAMBLE). In one patient who died 10 months after operation with widespread endodermal sinus tumour growth, only a small terminal increase in serum alpha‐fetoprotein concentration was found. Four of the eight women are still alive with normal alpha‐fetoprotein concentration, and without clinical evidence of tumour disease.
Spontaneous human lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity againts tumour target cells. I. The effect of malignant disease
Authors: Pross Hugh F. , Baines Malcolm G.
Published: February 2007

Spontaneous human lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity (SLMC) against tumour‐cell targets was examined in a series of patients with localized or malignant disease, both treated and untreated, and patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The level of SLMC was assessed by means of two previously established assay systems; the xenogeneic assay involving the mouse mastocytoma line P815, and the allogeneic assay in which the human chronic myelogenous leukemia‐derived line, K562, was used. The assay systems involve the use of Ficoll‐Isopaque‐separated, iron‐plus‐magnetism‐purified lymphocytes in an overnight 51chromium release assay, and reflect the cytotoxic ability of human non‐T, complement receptor‐, Fc receptor‐positive lymphocytes. In the present paper, lymphocytes from all normal donors tested showed significant activity in the SLMC assay, with some variation from day to day. This variation was markedly reduced when different normal donors were tested on the same day and under identical experimental conditions. In contrast, lymphocytes from many patients with malignant disease had decreased SLM activity, and this decrease was highly significant in patients with treated or untreated metastatic disease, or untreated CLL. This was also the case when the data were expressed relative to the number of cytotoxic cells in the normal control population, or in comparison to the relative SLMC activity of lymphocytes from patients with other conditions. Markedly decreased SLMC was observed in some patients in spite of normal T and B lymphocyte proportions, or the presence of the ability to mount a vigorous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to PPD. A comparison of the xenogeneic and allogeneic assays showed that the same information with respect to whether SLMC was normal or abnormal was obtained with both assays in the majority of cases. The significance of the data is discussed with respect to the possible role of SLMC in vivo and the relevance of SLMC to the assessment of specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in malignant disease.
A plasma membrane antigen highly associated with oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung and undetectable in normal adult tissue
Authors: Bell C. Elliott , Seetharam Shakuntla
Published: February 2007

The plasma membrane antigens of an oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung were studied to determine if any antigens absent from normal adult tissue could be identified. Rabbit and monkey antisera were prepared to a highly purified plasma membrane fraction of an oat‐cell carcinoma of the lung. The specificities of the antisera were studied by the indirect immunofluorescence method on frozen section substrate. The rabbit antiserum, after absorption with normal lung, liver, colon and peripheral nerve homogenates and extracts, failed to react with any detectable normal adult tissue. The absorbed antiserum did react with 7 of 7 oat‐cell carcinomas of the lung, but failed to react with any of 7 adeno‐carcinomas of the lung, 6 epidermoid carcinomas of the lung, 7 colon carcinomas, 8 breast carcinomas, 4 kidney carcinomas, and 1 pancreatic carcinoma. The unabsorbed monkey antiserum failed to react with any detectable normal adult tissue, and had a tumor reactivity pattern nearly identical to that of the absorbed rabbit antiserum. Thus similar results were obtained with antisera from two different species. It is concluded that oat‐cell carcinomas of the lung express a plasma membrane antigen (s) undetectable in normal adult tissue and highly associated with this tumor type.
Selective inhibition of T lymphocyte repopulation of lymphoid organs as a mechanism of immunosuppression in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Hamaoka Toshiyuki , Haba Seiji , Takatsu Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Masayusu
Published: February 2007

The mechanism of selective suppression of T‐cell activity in Ehrlich tumor‐bearing mice was investigated in an adoptive cell transfer system of secondary antibody responses to haptens. The induction of secondary antidinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody response after stimulation with DNP‐homologous carrier (TD) of thymus‐dependent DNP‐carrier (TD)‐primed spleen cells was markedly inhibited in tumor‐bearing recipient mice, whereas the response to thymus independent DNP‐carrier (TID) was intact as compared to that seen in normal recipients. However, if tumors were induced in the DNP‐TD‐primed donor mice and the spleen cells were assayed for responsiveness to DNP‐TD in normal recipients, they generated a normal anti‐hapten antibody response. After the DNP‐TD‐primed cells had been transferred into normal recipients and tumors had been induced in the recipients before DNP‐TD‐stimulation, the cells in tumor‐bearers responded normally. These results indicate that the tumor‐bearing state neither directly suppresses the responsiveness of primed cells nor interferes with the mechanism for antigen stimulation of primed cells. Direct measurement of recovery of transferred primed T and B cells from the spleen of tumor‐bearing recipients revealed that the net recovery of T‐cell activity markedly decreased, whereas the recovery of B cells in the spleens of tumor‐bearing hosts was not affected or was even higher than the normal. Prevention of repopulation by T lymphocytes of lymphoid organs due to a postulated change in the microenvironment is suggested as a mechanism for the selective suppression of T‐cell activity in Ehrlich tumor‐bearing animals.
Influence of cell‐free tumour‐associated antigen preparations on the development of immunity to chemically induced rat tumours
Authors: Embleton M. J.
Published: February 2007

Inbred rats were treated with extranuclear tumour membrane fractions or 3 M KCl‐solubilized extracts of two antigenically distinct 3‐methylcholanthreneinduced sarcomas, Mc7 and Mc57. The rats developed tumour‐specific humoral antibody responses, but were not immune to tumour challenge. Moreover, they were unresponsive to subsequent immunization with irradiated tumour grafts, this effect being immunologically specific for the tumour from which the cell‐free extracts was derived. in vitro studies revealed a depressed state of cell‐mediated tumour immunity in animals inoculated with cell‐free tumour extracts, and this was associated with the presence of serum inhibitory factors and suppressor lymphoid cells which abrogated the cytotoxic effect of sensitized lymphoid cells in vitro. It is postulated that the development of an inappropriate immune response due to the effect of tumour antigen during the induction phase of tumour immunity may be relevant to the immunobiology of tumour‐bearing hosts.
Inducibility of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) cycle and surface marker properties of ebv‐negative lymphoma lines and their in vitro EBV‐converted sublines
Authors: Klein George , Zeuthen Jesper , Terasaki Paul , Billing Ron , Honig Ron , Jondal Mikael , Westman Anitha , Clements Geoffrey
Published: February 2007

Two EBV‐negative lymphoma lines of human B‐cell origin, BJAB and Ramos, were compared with altogether six of their in vitro EBV‐converted, EBNA‐ and EBV‐DNA‐carrying sublines (four of Ramos and two of BJAB derivation). All converted lines closely resembled the parental line with regard to karyotype and HL‐A and B antigen typing. Induction of EBV antigens (EA and VCA) by P3HR‐1 virus superinfection was either similar in the converted and the negative lines, or somewhat increased in certain converted lines. These findings argue against a simple, virally determined repressor model and emphasize the role of cellular controls in restricting the EBV cycle in virus‐carrying B‐lymphocyte lines of human origin. IUdR inducibility varied in the different converted lines. There was a possible relationship between average number of EBV‐genome equivalents per cell and inducibility. Converted sublines did not differ from the original negative lines with regard to surface immunoglobulin and Fc receptors. There was a dramatic increase in complementconsuming ability, however, following EBV conversion. Among the EBV‐positive lines, there was a linear relationship between complement‐consuming and EBV‐receptor activity, the latter measured by a quantitative absorption test.
Undulating membraneous structures associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in tumour cells
Authors: Schaff Zsuzsa , Lapis K. , Grimley P. M.
Published: February 2007

The morphology and occurrence of tubuloreticular and undulating membraneous structures (TRS and UMS) associated with the endoplasmic reticulum were examined under normal and pathologic conditions. It was concluded that TRS and UMS are cytoplasmic inclusions of similar type but of different organization. The occurrence of UMS in a human cell line derived from a carcinoma of the lung and in a transplantable chicken hepatoma derived from an MC‐29 virus‐induced liver tumour is described.
An experimental model for meningeal leukemia in rats (L5222). Effect of treatment with BCNU and cyclophosphamide
Authors: Fiebig H. H. , Zeller W. J. , Schmähl D.
Published: February 2007

An experimental model of meningeal leukemia in rats is developed by intracerebral (IC) inoculation of leukemic cells from the transplantable acute leukemia L5222. The L5222 proliferates exponentially in the central nervous system (CNS) and the disease becomes systemic 2 days following IC inoculation. Chemotherapeutic studies with BCNU and cyclophosphamide yielded cures in a high percentage of cases when treatment began at an early stage of meningeal leukemia. When treatment was started at the advanced stage, only BCNU showed a large number of cures. However, cyclophosphamide resulted in a marked increase of life‐span. The activity of cyclophosphamide against meningeal leukemia, which is in contrast to the results obtained by Skipper et al. (1961) in the L1210 mouse leukemia, suggests that cyclophosphamide crosses in part the blood—brain barrier in a rat bearing meningeal leukemia. After subcutaneous inoculation, BCNU and cyclophosphamide showed the same rate of cures.
Breast cancer and use of rauwolfia and other antihypertensive agents in hypertensive patients: A nationwide case‐control study in Finland
Authors: Aromaa A. , Hakama M. , Hakulinen T. , Saxén E. , Teppo L. , Idänpään‐Heikkilä J.
Published: February 2007

Two nationwide registers, the Finnish Cancer Registry and a register of persons entitled to free drugs for hypertension, were linked in a case‐control study of the association of breast cancer and use of rauwolfia. Cases were all hypertensive patients in whom breast cancer was diagnosed in 1973. To test the association specifically with rauwolfia, controls were hypertensive women matched with the cases for age and geographic area and approximately matched for duration of treatment for hypertension. There were 109 case‐control pairs. Use of any physician‐prescribed drugs during the year prior to diagnosis of breast cancer was ascertained from original prescriptions. In the first set of analyses the patients were classified according to the drug used during most days of the year (“main antihypertensive agent”). In the second set a person qualified as a user of the respective drug regardless of the amount taken. The relative risks in the use of rauwolfia, methyldopa, another synthetic antihypertensive or a diuretic as main antihypertensive agent all ranged between 0.90 and 1.11. The results based on use of a drug in any amount were similar. Next, pairs in which duration of treatment for hypertension was different for cases and controls were excluded. The relative risk associated with use of rauwolfia as main antihypertensive agent then increased from 1.00 to 1.30 and the risk associated with use of any amount of rauwolfia from 1.16 to 2.14. Simultaneously, the relative risk in the use of digitalis was raised from 1.33 to 2.67 and of nitroglycerin from 1.00 to 1.71. Cases also used more types of antihypertensive agents simultaneously than controls. There was no association between rauwolfia‐use and breast cancer in analyses limited to pairs in which neither case nor control used digitalis. Thus, there was not a consistent drug‐specific association between rauwolfia‐use and breast cancer in hypertensive patients. An underlying association of hypertension, heart disease or its treatment (digitalis) and breast cancer may have confounded some of the results of this and earlier studies. In conclusion, it is unlikely that use of rauwolfia increases the risk of breast cancer.
Immunological monitoring and immunotherapy in carcinoma of the lung
Authors: Oldham R. K. , Weese J. L. , Herberman R. B. , Perlin E. , Mills M. , Heims W. , Blom J. , Green D. , Reid J. , Bellinger S. , Law I. , McCoy J. L. , Dean J. H. , Cannon G. B. , Djeu J.
Published: February 2007

One hundred and seven patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent immunologic testing, and 62 of these patients were randomized to an immunotherapy protocol comparing the effects of Pasteur strain BCG, either alone or combined with allogeneic tumor cells, to the effects of no immunotherapy. Patients with residual disease left at the time of surgery or with metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis showed no increase in survival as a result of this form of immunotherapy. An insufficient number of patients with less advanced disease, in whom we would expect the most beneficial effect, have been entered in this study. In general, we were unable to document substantial effects of immunotherapy on the immunologic parameters tested. Only in recall antigen skin testing was there a statistically significant increase in reactivity in the immunotherapy groups. Tests of general immune status appeared to have a predictive value in monitoring lung cancer patients. Anergic patients had a poorer prognosis than did patients who demonstrated skin test reactivity. Patients with normal percentages of lymphocytes (T cells) forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes at 29°C were generally normal in other tests of immune competence. In serial studies of rosette formation, all patients who developed recurrent disease had a pattern of depressed or falling rosette values, and these abnormalities occurred an average of 3.1 months prior to clinical detection of recurrence. Patients with large‐cell anaplastic carcinoma were found to have a significantly higher incidence of depressed rosette levels than the other histologic types. Both large and small‐cell anaplastic patients had significantly depressed lymphocyte proliferation by mitogens and allogeneic cells. Although lung cancer patients have been described as immunologically depressed, they are capable of recognizing tumor‐associated antigens. When tested in leukocyte migration inhibition assays with tumor‐associated antigens, the majority of the patients in our study were found to be reactive. The use of a 3 M KCl extract of pleural effusion cells from a patient with pulmonary adeno‐carcinoma has given good reactivity and specificity in lung cancer patients of all histologic types. In addition, these patients have been shown to respond in a mixed lymphocyte/tumor interaction to tumor‐associated antigens (Dean, 1976b).
Effect of friend leukemia virus on megakaryocytes and platelets in mice
Authors: Brown W. M. , Axelrad A. A.
Published: February 2007

The thrombocytopenia that follows infection of C3H/Bi mice with Friend leukemia virus (FV) has been investigated. At various times after infection, megakaryocytes in bone marrow and spleen were collected on Nuclepore filters, stained with the Feulgen procedure, and counted. At the same times, platelets in circulating blood were enumerated by the direct method of Brecher et al., 1963 We found that megakaryocyte numbers decreased within 3 days of infection; platelet numbers began to fall at 7 to 9 days. At 11 days megakaryocyte numbers in femoral marrow and spleen were reduced to less than one‐third of control values, platelets to about one‐quarter of control values. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that the thrombocytopenia which occurs after FV infection in mice results from the reduction in megakaryocytes that is brought about by the infection. Whether all classes of megakaryocytes are equally affected by FV was next examined. At various times following infection, megakaryocytes in marrow suspensions were concentrated by unit gravity sedimentation and microspectrophotometric measurements of nuclear DNA content were made. The kinetic data showed that, following FV infection, megakaryocytes of high nuclear DNA content were markedly reduced in number, but those of low nuclear DNA content were relatively unaffected. Thus the virus infection may interfere with the normal sequential doubling in DNA content of megakaryocytes and/or it may lead to preferential elimination by the host of those megakaryocytes in the higher DNA classes.
Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. I. Evidence that the effects of normal lymphoid cells on tumour cell growth in microtest plates may be caused by non‐immunological modifications of the culture medium
Authors: Brooks C. G. , Rees R. C. , Baldwin R. W.
Published: February 2007

Lymph node cells from normal Wistar rats were found to affect the growth/survival of syngeneic chemically‐induced solid tumour cells in the microcytotoxicity test. Whether inhibition or enhancement of tumour cell numbers occurred depended on the particular tumour cell type and, in some cases, on the particular in vitro subline used. Fractionation of LNC on nylon wool columns revealed that the two effects were mediated by distinct subpopulations of lymphoid cells: column‐retained cells showed predominantly an inhibitory effect and column‐eluted cells predominantly an enhancing effect. When column‐retained and column‐eluted cells were cultured under the conditions of the microcytotoxicity test but in the absence of tumour cells, the resulting cell‐free supernatants caused inhibition and enhancement respectively of tumour cell growth. The inhibitory activity was maximal within one hour of lymphocyte culture, while the enhancing effect developed slowly during incubation. Furthermore, the tumour cells themselves were found to produce growth‐enhancing activity. It is proposed that interaction between these various supernatant activities accounts at least in part for the non‐specific effects of normal lymphoid cells in the microcytotoxicity test.
Expression of viral proteins in mammalian cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses
Authors: Aupoix M. , Vigier P.
Published: February 2007

The expression of viral proteins in nine lines of hamster and rat cells transformed by avian sarcoma viruses (ASV) was studied by indirect immunofluorescence with monospecific antisera to purified gp85 and p27 of AMV‐B and a polyvalent antiserum to all the p proteins of this same virus. The lines of ASV‐transformed cells were either low virus producers (VP) or inducible or non‐inducible non producers (NP). Cytoplasmic expression of p proteins was observed in all the cell lines except the least inducible NP cell line, and cytoplasmic expression of gp85 in all the cell lines. The degree of expression varied widely with the lines and was not related to the class of permissiveness or inducibility. However, in the inducible NP class, the expression of p proteins and gp85 was higher in the most inducible cell lines. The data also suggest that the expression of the p proteins must be uncoordinate in at least some cell lines and must also be uncoordinate with the expression of gp85. In the VP cell lines and the most inducible NP lines, gp85 and some p proteins other than p27 were also expressed on the cell membrane. The membrane expression of gp85 and of the p proteins which were expressed appeared to be coordinate and to parallel the degree of cytoplasmic expression. In contrast, no, or a negligible expression of viral proteins was observed on the membrane of the least inducible and the non‐inducible cell lines. These results suggest that there may exist translational and/or post‐translational controls of the expression of viral proteins in the ASV‐transformed mammalian cells and that the permissiveness and the inducibility of the cells may depend on the insertion of viral proteins in the cell membrane. The failure of p27 to insert in the cell membrane could account for the low permissiveness or the non‐permissiveness of the cells.
Geographic correlation between the occurrence of endemic nephropathy and urinary tract tumours in vratza district, Bulgaria
Authors: Chernozemsky I. N. , Stoyanov I. S. , Petkova‐Bocharova T. K. , Nicolov I. G. , Draganov I. V. , Stoichev I. I. , Tanchev Y. , Naidenov D. , Kalcheva N. D.
Published: February 2007

Data on the occurrence of endemic nephropathy (EN) and urinary tract and other cancers in an endemic region of Vratza district, Bulgaria, for the years 1965–1974, are presented. In endemic villages a high incidence of urinary tract tumours, affecting in particular the renal pelvis and ureter, closely correlated with the EN incidence and mortality rates. In the villages with high and moderate EN incidences urinary tract tumours are the most common neoplasms. They account for 25% of all tumour sites in males and 30% in females. In hyperendemic villages age‐adjusted incidences of EN and urinary tract tumours were 506/105 and 104/105 in females, and 315/105 and 89/105 in males respectively. EN mortality in these villages accounted for over 40% of all deaths in females and about 30% in males. Both diseases displayed peculiar geographic clustering. Females and middle‐aged persons were most often affected. Urinary tract neoplasms were often multiple and nearly 90% of them originated in the uro‐epithelium. In endemic and non‐endemic villages of the region studied, the frequency and pattern of non‐urinary tract cancers were rather similar, with statistical values close to those of the rural population of Vratza District and Bulgaria as a whole.
Sequential examination of lymphocyte proliferative capacity in patients with malignant melanoma receiving bcg immunotherapy
Authors: Golub Sidney H. , Forsythe Alan B. , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

A series of 42 patients with malignant melanoma treated with BCG adjuvant immunotherapy were studied for sequential changes in cellular immune reactivity to non‐specific mitogens. Lymphocyte preparations were made monthly and stored in a viable condition in liquid nitrogen. After 6 months of treatment, all lymphocyte samples from an individual were recovered and tested for DNA synthesis after stimulation with PHA, PWM, Con A, PPD and MLC. The responses to the mitogens in the blastogenesis test were stable during the course of therapy. The MLC response did increase significantly in patients treated with tumor‐cell vaccines, and declined sharply in the six patients who subsequently relapsed and died. The in vitro PPD response increased 1 to 3 months after initiation of BCG in patients who were initially unresponsive to PPD in vitro. However, PPD‐positive patients did not show any significant alteration of the PPD response. The PPD response did increase less sharply in patients whose disease eventually recurred than in those who remained without evidence of clinical disease. BCG therapy does not appear to correct lymphocyte proliferative defects in melanoma patients. Of the assays employed, the MLC and PPD tests appear to be the most useful as monitors of clinical status and response to therapy.
Establishment in continuous culture of a new type of lymphocyte from a “burkitt‐like” malignant lymphoma (line d.g.‐75)
Authors: Ben‐bassats Hannah , Goldblum Natan , Mitrani Stella , Goldblum Tamar , Yoffey Joseph M. , Cohen Maimon M. , Bentwich Zvi , Ramot Bracha , Klein Eva , Klein George
Published: February 2007

The isolation and establishment in vitro of a hitherto undescribed type of lymphocyte designated D.G.‐75 is reported. The original inoculum was derived from the pleural effusion of a child with a primary abdominal lymphoma, which clinically and histologically resembled Burkitt's lymphoma. In addition to the absence of the EBV genome and EBV receptors, this line possesses a number of other properties which distinguish it from previously described lymphoblastoid cell lines. It has different growth characteristics and morphology; does not form EAC or E rosettes (representative of B and T cell surface markers, respectively); possesses IgM‐kappa immunoglobulins on the cell surface (B lymphocyte), has an unusually high cap‐forming ability and low agglutinability with fluorescent concanavalin A. One homologue of the No. 14 chromosome pair possesses extra chromatin material as revealed on chromosome banding. This abnormal chromosome marker is similar to that described in biopsies and cultured tumor cells from patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma.
A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition test in the laboratory investigation of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Rutherford J. C. , Walters B. A. J. , Cavaye G. , Halliday W. J.
Published: February 2007

A modification of the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) technique has been used to test 60 hospital patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, for specific immunoreactivity against extracts of tumours of colon, pancreas and stomach. The modified technique employed mononuclear cells and soluble tumour extracts in glass test tubes, the non‐adherent cells being enumerated in an electronic counter. Laboratory tests were completed before the eventual diagnosis was known. Groups of patients with adenocarcinoma of colon or rectum (11), carcinoma of pancreas (3) and adenocarcinoma of stomach (6) were clearly distinguished from each other and from patients with non‐malignant diseases or with neoplasms of different histological type.
Transformation of cultured rat adrenocortical cells by kirsten murine sarcoma virus (ki‐msv)
Authors: Auersperg N. , Goddard E. G. , Hudson J. B. , Klement V.
Published: February 2007

Two‐week‐old primary cultures of normal adult rat adrenal cortex were exposed to Kirsten murine sarcoma virus (Ki‐MSV). Within a week, the adrenal cells, which are normally fusiform and aligned in parallel, became pleomorphic and piled up extensively. Saturation density increased from 5–10 × 10<4> to 5–10 × 105 cells/cm<2>, population doubling time during exponential growth decreased from 36–40 to 16 h, acid production increased and the growth rate became independent of a reduction in serum concentration from 10% to 1%. Inoculation of 2 × 106 of these transformed cells into immunodepressed rats produced rapidly growing tumors within 1 week. Histologically, the tumors were pleomorphic carcinomas with areas ranging from anaplasia to near‐normal, highly differentiated adrenocortical tissue. In addition to histologic evidence of differentiation, metabolic studies using 14C‐pregnenolone showed that the transformed cells were capable of 20α reduction and Δ5,3β dehydrogenation, both characteristic of normal steroid‐secreting tissues. The transformed adrenocortical cells produced infectious C‐type virus as indicated by electron microscopy, 3H‐uridine incorporation, and focus formation in NRK (normal rat kidney) cultures. The neutralization pattern of this virus resembled that of authentic Ki‐MSV. The transformation of adrenocortical cells by Ki‐MSV demonstrates the capacity of this agent to induce carcinomas in differentiated cells after short‐term culture, and widens the range of tissues known to be susceptible to Ki‐MSV to include a secretory epithelium of mesodermal origin.
Glycoprotéines de surface altérées des plaquettes de leucémie myéloïde chronique. Altered platelet surface glycoproteins in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vainer Henriette , Bussel Annette
Published: February 2007

The present status of knowledge about the platelet membrane components suggests that glycoproteins (GP) are involved in the intercellular platelet specific reactions, such as adhesion and aggregation. Normal human platelets and platelet membranes solubilized under dissociating conditions produce characteristic polypeptide and GP electrophoretic patterns (PAGE). Platelets and isolated platelet membranes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) presented dissimilarities of their glycoconjugates as compared to the normal platelets. The modification of the electrophoretic banding visualized by the periodic acid‐Schiff's reagent (PAS) consisted in the decrease of the 155,000 GP I, the presence of two PAS positive bands in the area of the 135,000 normal PAS positive GP II and a variable decrease of the 100,000 GP III (Apparent mol. wt. are indicated). In addition, preliminary data showed an increased catalytic transfer of the labelled galactosyl and N acetygalactosaminyl residues from exogenous nucleotide 14C‐sugar precursors onto the CML‐platelet endogenous sugar acceptors. These firstly reported data on molecular abnormalities of the platelet membrane GP in CML, suggested their possible relationship with the impaired platelet adhesion and aggregation occurring in this disease or the ability of leukemic platelets to express modified surface membrane components.
Detection of epstein‐barr virus early antigen‐d and its antibodies by passive hemagglutination
Authors: Ogburn Clifton A. , Zajac Barbara Ann
Published: February 2007

These data describe the use of a passive hemagglutination test (PHAT) for the detection of antibodies to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated antigen, early antigen‐D (EA‐D). EA‐D was obtained from EBV‐superinfected RPMI 64–10 cell preparations which showed by immunofluorescent staining (IF) that 25–35% of the cells contained EA‐D. Solubilization of EA‐D was achieved by sonic oscillation, treatment of the pellet‐associated material with triton X 100, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl celluiose. Successful use of the PHAT for detection of antibodies to EA‐D was dependent on the degree of purity of the partially purified antigen. Throughout these studies preparations from uninfected 64‐10 cells were used as control reagents. More than 100 human antisera from patients with EBV‐associated diseases, which had been previously tested by standard IF procedures were assayed by PHAT. A good correlation was found between IF and PHAT titers for EA‐D and, in addition, the PHAT was 50–100 times more sensitive. Most human sera gave no agglutination of red cells coated with control preparations. An inhibition (blocking) of PHAT was developed which was useful in the purification and characterization of EA‐D. These data indicate that the PHAT may provide a rapid, reliable, objective and sensitive method for studying EA‐D and possibly other virus‐associated antigens.
Development of a radioimmunoassay for pregnancy‐specific beta1‐globulin and its measurement in serum of patients with trophoblastic and non‐trophoblastic tumours
Authors: Tatarinov Yu.S. , Sokolov A. V.
Published: February 2007

Levels of human pregnancy‐specific or trophoblast‐specific beta1‐globulin (TBG) were measured by double‐antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 103 patients with trophoblastic tumours and in 114 patients with a variety of non‐trophoblastic tumours. The sensitivity of RIA for TBG was about 1 ng per ml. Twenty healthy adult females and males had levels below 1 ng per ml. Using the RIA for measurement of TBG in sera which were selected from immunodiffusion‐TBG‐negative samples, we detected elevated TBG levels in 76.7% of cases with trophoblastic tumours and in 15% of different cases with non‐trophoblastic malignancies. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the measurement of TBG levels by RIA in patients with trophoblastic tumours is discussed.
Herpesvirus infection and cervical anaplasia—a seroepidemiological study
Authors: Choi N. W. , Shettigara P. T. , Abu‐Zeid H. A. H. , Nelson N. A.
Published: February 2007

In a cohort of 23,146 pregnant females followed for 37–56 months subsequent to collection of prenatal sera, 57 cases of carcinoma of the cervix were encountered. Three controls were selected for each case from the residual cohort matched to cases for age, residence, number of prior cytology smears taken, and the date of entry to the study. The antibody activity to herpesvirus type 1 and type 2 was examined by the indirect hemagglutination test. The proportion of cases positive for HSV‐2 infection was greater than that of the controls; however, the difference was not significant at the 5% level. The relative risk value for the association between HSV‐2 infection and carcinoma of the cervix was found to be 2.33. The geometric mean titers of IHAT revealed that the cases of cervical cancer had a higher titer than the controls with respect to HSV‐1 as well as HSV‐2 antibodies. A sufficiently longer follow‐up, yielding a larger sample size, is desired to assess the specific role of HSV‐2 infection in the development of cervical anaplasia.
Membrane associated antigens of human malignant melanoma. III. Specificity of human sera reacting with cultured melanoma cells
Authors: Seibert Edelgard , Sor Happle C. G. R. , Macher E.
Published: February 2007

Sera from melanoma patients, healthy donors, pregnant women and patients with types of tumors other than melanoma were tested on various melanoma lines as well as on a cultured brain tumor and adult skin fibroblasts, using a microimmune adherence test. Positive reactions against all cell lines were found in serum from each group of donors. The degree of reactivity was dependent on the cell line used. Sequential absorption with AB Rh+ and pooled platelets of more than 200 donors either reduced the titer of sera or rendered a great part of the sera negative, demonstrating that antibodies against HL‐A antigens and other tissue antigens were involved. The remaining positive sera were further absorbed with pooled cells from 6‐ to 8‐week‐old fetuses. This step abolished the reactivity of most sera, indicating the relatively high frequency of antibodies in males and females against fetal antigens expressed also on melanoma and other cells. In order to determine the specificity of the few remaining positive sera, absorptions with three different melanoma cell lines, a brain tumor and fibroblasts were carried out. The results showed only partial cross‐reactivity between different cell lines. No evidence was obtained from this study for the existence of a common cross‐reacting membrane‐associated antigen on human malignant melanoma. Antigens that could be readily detected seemed mostly to be tumor‐associated fetal antigens.
Cellular effects of combined adriamycin and x‐irradiation in human tumor cells
Authors: Byfield John E. , Lynch Maureen , Kulhanian Fimi , Chan Paul Y. M.
Published: February 2007

The effects on cell survival in tissue culture of Adriamycin, of various Adriamycin derivatives and of the parent compound, daunomycin, have been studied. Adriamycin and three of its C‐14 derivatives show similar toxicities towards cells chronically exposed in culture. Acute (30 min) exposures are significantly less toxic than exposures to the drug throughout the period of colony formation. Daunomycin, the parent compound, is significantly more toxic than any Adriamycin compound. Both high‐dose, pulsed exposures and low‐dose, chronic exposures result in shoulders on the cell survival curves. Split‐dose experiments show little evidence for a significant acute repair of Ad damage. Ad toxicity is additive to X‐rays at high levels of cell survival and synergistic at low levels of cell survival. Both excision repair‐competent and excision‐deficient cells show sensitization to X‐irradiation when significantly cytotoxic levels of Ad are used. No evidence for an induction of Ad resistance by previous irradiation was found. Ad does not appear to inhibit the repair of sub‐lethal X‐ray damage. Since Ad produces molecular lesions similar to those induced by X‐rays it is hypothesized that both radiation “enhancement” and the recall of latent X‐ray injuries result from the induction by Ad of DNA damage similar to that occurring following X‐ray exposure. The implications of these findings with respect to clinical drug and X‐ray scheduling is discussed.
Gross‐virus‐induced lymphoma in the rat. IV. Cytotoxic cells in normal rats
Authors: Shellam Geoffrey R. , Hogg Nancy
Published: February 2007

Lymphoid cells from normal W/Fu rats are cytotoxic in vitro for syngeneic Gross‐virus‐induced lymphoma cells in a 4½ h 51Cr release test, and protect against tumour growth in vivo when adoptively transferred to syngeneic recipient rats. Cytotoxicity by normal lymphoid cells was greater with in vitro rather than in vivo passaged target cells, and was increased by preincubation of the lymphoid cells at 37° C for 3 h in vitro before their addition to the target cells. Cytotoxic activity, which was localized predominantly in the spleen, was absent at birth but increased until adulthood with some decline in older age. Histocompatibility at the major Ag‐B locus was not required for the killer cell—target cell interaction; normal spleen cells of many Ag‐B genotypes were cytotoxic for W/FuG‐1 target cells, although BDIX and (BDIX × W/Fu)F1 were less active and BN were inactive. The specificity of cytotoxicity was studied by the techniques of direct lysis, competitive inhibition or adsorption to cellular monolayers, using a variety of cell lines. Selectively of lysis or binding was observed and was restricted to rat target cells releasing exogenous or endogenous C‐type viruses.
Specificities in natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by the cross‐competition assay
Authors: Takasugi M. , Koide Y. , Akira D. , Ramseyer A.
Published: February 2007

The cross‐competition assay was applied to natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in human, mouse and rat systems. The results showed that what appeared to be non‐selective effects of natural cytotoxicity were in fact highly specific. Each effector suspension included natural effector cells (N cells) that recognized and reacted specifically with many different antigens on target cells, resulting in overall non‐selectivity. The specificity of the reaction for each target cell was demonstrated by the selective inhibition of natural cytotoxicity achieved when competitor cells sharing antigens with the target cell were added. Sharing of common target antigens was demonstrated by selective cross‐inhibition which was then used to investigate antigens on target cells.
A 51chromium isotope release assay for detecting cytotoxicity to human bladder carcinoma
Authors: O'toole Carol
Published: February 2007

A 51chromium isotope release assay is described for measuring in vitro cytotoxicity reactions against allogeneic target cells. Lymphoid cells from some patients with localized transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) were shown to selectively lyse targets derived from two long‐term cell lines of TCC. The effector cells in this reaction did not form E rosettes. Cytotoxicity was successfully recovered after cryopreservation.
Tissue antibodies in malignant and benign urogenital disease
Authors: Kurki Pekka , Linder Ewert , Miettinen Aaro , Alfthan Olof , Heikkinen Asko , Pasternack Amos
Published: February 2007

The presence of anti‐tissue antibodies in sera from patients with genitourinary carcinomas and non‐malignant genitourinary diseases was studied by indirect immunofluorescence. An increased incidence of various tissue antibodies was observed in carcinomas of the urinary bladder, prostate and kidney when compared to controls. There was a trend towards association between anti‐nuclear antibodies and metastatic undifferentiated tumors. A low degree of malignancy was associated with antibodies against connective tissue “reticulin”. A striking similarity between tissue antibody “patterns” in carcinoma patients and patients with chronic renal inflammation was seen. This points to inflammation as being an important factor in tissue antibody production.
Lymphocyte responses to ebv‐associated antigens in infectious mononucleosis, and hodgkin's and non‐hodgkin's lymphoma patients, with the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay
Authors: Chan S. H. , Levine P. H. , Wallen W. C. , Periman P. , Perlin E.
Published: February 2007

The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was utilized as a test for cellular immunity to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antigens in 22 patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), 47 patients with lymphoma, 101 carcinoma patients, and 84 subjects without cancer. Response to EB virion (“v”) antigen was generally present at the time of diagnosis in the IM patients but the response to EB soluble (“S”) antigen was delayed. An increased CMI response to “v” antigen was found in patients with IM, Hodgkin's disease and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma as compared to controls with and without cancer. Patients with Hodgkin's disease had depressed responses to the EBV‐associated “S” antigen. The finding of increased LAI responses to “v” antigen in Hodgkin's disease patients with high EBV antibody titers conflicts with previous reports attributing high antibody responses against EBV to a generalized depressed cell‐mediated immunity.
Vulnerability of specific rat chromosomes to in vitro chemically induced damage
Authors: Popescu N. C. , Dipaolo J. A.
Published: February 2007

The treatment of rat embryo secondary cultures with DMBA or DMBA‐3H for 5,9, or 24 h resulted in chromosome damage consisting mainly of chromatid type aberrations. There was an increase in the percentage of labelled nuclei and metaphases with increasing length of exposure. In terms of incidence of chromatid lesions, the largest telocentric chromosome (No. 2) was the most susceptible of the autosomes. Banding pattern analysis demonstrated that the region associated with negative band 2q24 of the No. 2 chromosome had the highest number of lesions. An increased accumulation of DMBA‐3H label occurred in approximately the same chromatid area of a small fraction of cells exposed for either 5 or 9 h prior to mitosis. The complete loss of DMBA‐3H chromosomal labelling after DNAse treatment suggests that the visible grains represent carcinogen‐bound DNA. After DMBA and BrdUrd, there was an increase in the number of sister chromatid exchanges compared to controls treated with BrdUrd only; the location of the exchange points on chromosome No. 2 was similar in samples treated with either DMBA and BrdUrd or BrdUrd alone. Additional experiments with thymidine‐3H showed that the non‐random chromatid lesions on chromosome No. 2 may result from endogenous radiation from the incorporated tritium. These studies demonstrate that a specific chromosome may be affected by diverse agents and that chromatid lesions frequently occur at the site of sister chromatid exchanges.
Characterization of human lymphocyte subpopulations for cytotoxicity against tumor‐derived monolayer cultures
Authors: Bakæcs Tibor , Gergely Peter , Cornain Santoso , Klein Eva
Published: February 2007

Lymphocyte fractions of three healthy donors were tested for cytotoxicity in a 48‐h assay on several tumor‐derived lines. Analysis of surface markers indicated that a non‐T non‐B fraction comprising about 50% Fc‐receptor‐positive cells was most potent. The cell yield in this fraction was on the average 6.5% of the non‐fractionated population. Elimination of SIg positive cells did not influence the cytotoxic potential. Pure T cells isolated with E‐rosetting subsequent to passage on nylon wool column had no or very low cytotoxicity. We had indications that cells without conventional markers —“null” cells—were also cytotoxic.
Hla in familial hodgkin's disease. Results and a new hypothesis
Authors: Marshall William H. , Barnard John M. , Buehler Sharon K. , Crumley Joyce , Larsen Bodil
Published: February 2007

A familial aggregate of seven cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) has been investigated by HLA typing. Over 600 people in the immediate population (i.e. about half) have been HLA typed and haplotypes have been obtained for 95% of them. It was expected that the cases would share a particular HLA haplo‐type or at least that they would have one or two HLA antigens of the same series in common. However, this was not the case so no simple idea of association of HLA with HD cases was upheld. When antigen frequencies were examined in the whole population it was found that HLA B18 increased progressively in incidence from 0.08 to 0.4 in successive groups of individuals each one more closely related to the HD cases. Similarly the community with the highest incidence of HD also had the highest incidence of B18. Thus B18, which in the world figures carries the highest relative risk, emerged as important in this study. Of four proposed interpretations of the data, we are most interested in the idea that the important HLA association is at a population level rather than at the level of the individual patient. A hypothesis, based on the concept of a “healthy carrier” for the HD agent, explains how such an association might operate. It is possible that B18‐linked complement deficiency could be the basis for such a carrier state.
The macrophage electrophoretic mobility test: Results on carcinoma of the colon and rectum
Authors: Glaves Dorothy , Harlos James P. , Weiss Leonard
Published: February 2007

The macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test was performed on guinea‐pig macrophages treated with the interaction products of encephalitogenic protein and peripheral lymphocytes from 44 patients with colorectal cancer and 33 “healthy” controls. In 54/60 tests involving patients, statistically significant reductions in electrophoretic mobilities were observed, compared with 12/33 in controls. Our overall results on the reductions in macrophage mobilities by lymphocyte products are in accord with the work of some other workers, but not all. In contrast to many other studies, the standard procedures used here to express the results should permit an exchange of data on an international basis and allow a more rapid, general appraisal of the MEM test.