bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does individual quality mask the detection of performance trade-offs? A test using analyses of human physical performance
Authors: Wilson Robbie S. , Niehaus Amanda C. , David Gwendolyn , Hunter Andrew , Smith Michelle
Published: February 2014

Why are performance trade-offs so rarely detected in animals when their underlying physiological basis seems so intuitive? One possibility is that individual variation in health, fitness, nutrition, development or genetics, or ‘individual quality’, makes some individuals better or worse performers across all motor tasks. If this is the case, then correcting for individual quality should reveal functional trade-offs that might otherwise be overlooked. We tested this idea by exploring trade-offs in maximum physical performance and motor skill function in semi-professional soccer players. We assessed individual performance across five maximum ‘athletic’ tasks providing independent measures of power, stamina and speed, as well as five soccer-specific ‘motor skill’ tasks providing independent measures of foot control. We expected to find functional trade-offs between pairs of traits (e.g. endurance versus power/speed tasks or specialist–generalist performance) – but only after correcting for individual quality. Analyses of standardised raw data found positive associations among several pairs of traits, but no evidence of performance trade-offs. Indeed, peak performance across a single athletic task (degree of specialisation) was positively associated with performance averaged across all other athletic tasks (generalist). However, after accounting for an individual's overall quality, several functional trade-offs became evident. Within our quality-corrected data, 1500 m-speed (endurance) was negatively associated with squat time (power), jump distance (power) and agility speed – reflecting the expected speed–endurance trade-off; and degree of specialisation was negatively associated with average performance across tasks. Taken together, our data support the idea that individual variation in general quality can mask the detection of performance trade-offs at the whole-animal level. These results highlight the possibility that studies may spuriously conclude certain functional trade-offs are unimportant or non-existent when analyses that account for variation in general quality may reveal their cryptic presence.
From Humanities to Humanistic Technologies
Authors: Эпштейн  , Epshteyn Mikhail
Published: February 2014

A need for profound methodological changes in the humanities, as well

as possibility to build humanitarian technologies based on them, are considered

in this paper. The concept of techno humanistics and culturonics

underlines constructive rather than pure research beginning in humanities.

The question is posed how these sciences are able to act on the subject

of their study, what cultural practices can be built on the base of language,

literature and philosophy study.
Development of Foreign Language Communicative Competence by Synchronous Communication Technologies
Authors: Раицкая  , Raitskaya Lilia
Published: February 2014

The presented article is devoted to synchronous and nearly synchronous communication technologies, popular in education and embracing chats, Internet-paging, guest-books, forums, mailing lists and others. Didactic features of such technologies used in teaching foreign languages can be outlined as possibility of real time communication in the absence of communication barriers which arise in face-to-face communication. Communication of such kind can motivate students to more actively participate in learning, create comfortable conditions for communication independent of communicants’ age, experience and social status, develop interactive competence as an integral part of communicative competence, differentiate and make learning process individually oriented. The article also gives the key practical recommendations on how to use synchronous communication technologies in teaching foreign languages, outlines the major stages of technologies implementation, studies the expected results and barriers relating to each stage. The author considers technical and technological aspects of individual technologies which are of interest to professors and participating students and may become a stimulus or a barrier to communication. The article also refers to the most popular and potent sites and programs for learning process. The Internet-mediated communication transforms the process of teaching and learning foreign languages, influences communicants’ personality with its autonomy and differentiation development as well as personal and professional characteristics of the students involved.
The Role of Loan Vocabulary in Modern Advertising Names
Authors: Тортунова  , Tortunova I.
Published: February 2014

The article is devoted to the analysis of loan vocabulary in modern advertising

names. The work presents different variants of frequently used modern

loan words that are widely applied in advertising language. The focus of the

author are also the same type of borrowing in modern advertising names.
Giving Feedback to Clients
Authors: Ho Teck-Hua , Yeung Catherine
Published: February 2014

We examine a prevalent form of client–agent interaction through a feedback-giving game. In this game, a client undertakes a nontrivial task and is compensated based on her task performance, which is only made known to her when the client–agent interaction ends. Meanwhile, her performance is disclosed to an agent, who must then give the client feedback on her performance. Upon receiving the feedback, the client reports her happiness level, which in turn determines the agent's payoff. In eight studies involving 928 subjects, we vary the way the agent's cash earnings depend on the client's reported happiness. When we make the agent's earnings proportional to the client's reported happiness, the agent inflates his feedback, and the client reports a higher level of happiness (than that reported in a control condition where the agent always provides honest feedback). We show that neither the agent nor the client behaves altruistically in their reporting. The client reports being happier because she overestimates her performance and mistakenly believes that the agent's feedback is genuine. The agent stops inflating his feedback when doing so no longer benefits him. Finally, our main findings are shown to be robust with respect to several factors, including making the agent's feedback consequential in affecting the client's payoff. In summary, we show that the agent behaves opportunistically, and the client's overconfidence of her own performance is what makes this strategy successful.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2013.1846 .

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Interethnic partnerships of Western Europeans: between preferences and opportunities
Authors: Braun Michael , Recchi Ettore
Published: February 2014

Previous studies on determinants of social integration of migrants in the destination countries, and of interethnic partnerships in particular, converge in attributing importance to the same set of variables. This study aims at providing a further test of the generality of findings across different contexts using survey data of intra-European adult migrants, a group which differs in many respects from the hitherto mainly analyzed migrant groups. High-skilled labor, study, retirement, and “quality of life” migration are well represented, while low-skilled labor migration which dominates traditional research in the field is of minor importance, yet still present.
Guardando ad Est: questioni di identità nelle coppie miste di italiani, polacche e rumene
Authors: Baldoni Emiliana
Published: February 2014

Considerando el carácter cada vez más multicultural de nuestras sociedades, las parejas mixtas son una de los más relevantes indicadores de la integración de los inmigrantes en los países de destino, al tiempo que representan escenarios de encuentro y desencuentro de diferencias de toda índole (cultural, étnica, lingüística, religiosa, política, de clase, de ingresos, de nivel cultural, etc.). En este contexto se sitúa el presente artículo en el cual se estudia esta dinámica a partir de los discursos de parejas mixtas en Italia.
The contradictory role of understory vegetation on the success of Scots pine regeneration
Authors: Hyppönen Mikko , Hallikainen Ville , Niemelä Juhani , Rautio Pasi
Published: February 2014

In North-East Finland, severe problems have been encountered in the natural regeneration of Scots pine ( L.) on sites where regeneration through site preparation usually is quite successful. We hypothesized that in that area understory vegetation, especially heather (), crowberry (), mosses and lichens, could play a key role in this pattern. We found that in general, ground- and field-layer vegetation tends to be in a negative relationship with the establishment, growth and survival of pine seedlings. Some positive relationships were also observed. Lingonberry () tended to improve seedling height growth. Heather, instead, seemed to have a contradictory role. It was positively related to seedling establishment but negatively to seedling growth. This dual role raises further questions about the primary reasons for the regeneration problems in North-East Finland. All in all, our results suggest that conventional methods of forest regeneration in these kinds of areas are not always effective enough and additional measures are needed. These might include severe prescribed burning along with site preparation in order to decrease the impact of the dominant ground- and field-layer vegetation on the success of Scots pine regeneration.Pinus sylvestrisCalluna vulgarisEmpetrum hermaphroditumVaccinium vitis-idea
Optimal regeneration method – Planting vs. natural regeneration of Scots pine in northern Sweden
Authors: Simonsen Rune
Published: February 2014

In this study the profitability of regenerating Scots pine (L.) was examined for two methods; planting and natural regeneration with seed trees. The methods were modelled on stand level and optimised numerically using nonlinear optimisation. The analysis includes 7 site indexes, 16Â toÂ 28 expressed as dominant height in meters at an age of 100 years; and 8 localities in northern Sweden distributed on two latitudes, 60Â°N and 64Â°N and four altitudes, 100 to 400Â m.a.s.l. Furthermore, two scenarios of genetically improved planting material were examined. The results show that the optimal choice of regeneration method depends on the location, site index and discount rate. Considering the same genetic regeneration material, natural regeneration was the optimal method for most of the evaluated sites. Planting was optimal only for stands of high site index and low rate of seedling mortality, which is associated with localities on low altitudes. The break even site index, where the two methods yielded the same net present value, was 27 on average (25 to 28). The choice between the two regeneration methods was found to be more economically important when the discount rate was low and for low site indexes. The option of using genetically improved plant material shift the preference towards planting. Thus, the two levels of genetic gain of +4% and +10% to maximum mean annual increment resulted in an average break even site index of 25 and 21 respectively.Pinus sylvestris
Trends and alternatives for production and consumption towards to a new system’s dynamic
Authors: Da Silva Minelle Enéas , Figueiró Paola Schmitt , Miron Jappe Marcio Luis , Nascimento Luis Felipe
Published: February 2014

The paper aims to study alternative forms of production and consumption and their convergence as a way to create a new system’s dynamic. Firstly there is a theoretical discussion of the themes, then empirical evidence is discussed to make the case, and finally findings are discussed. The alternative forms of production and consumption, such as social business and collaborative consumption, are proven to be economically viable, and may satisfy also social and environmental concerns, in alignment with sustainable development concepts. This suggests they represent an opportunity to leverage a significant transformation in the whole system. The analysis performed can serve to the elaboration of public policies for development, by fomenting these alternative forms; to incentivize entrepreneurs to create similar enterprises to create positive impact and simultaneously generate profits. The empirical evidence we collect is restricted. For further and more conclusive findings we must increase the range of the examples researched.
Cam Gears Dynamics in the Classic Distribution
Authors: Petrescu Florian Ion , Petrescu Relly Victoria
Published: February 2014

The paper presents an original method to determine the general dynamics of mechanisms with rotation cams and followers, particularized to the plate translated follower. First, one presents the dynamics kinematics. Then one solves the Lagrange equation and with an original dynamic model with one degree of freedom, with variable internal amortization, it makes the dynamic analysis of two models.
Statistical Process Control (SPC): a control tool against waste of inputs in brazilian dairy
Authors: Alvarenga Tiago Henrique de Paula , Abreu Ademir José de , Piekarski Cassiano Moro , Bittencourt Juliana Vitória Messias , Matos Eloiza Aparecida Silva Ávila de
Published: February 2014

By reason of the requirements of quality on the part of consumers and regulatory agencies, the dairy industries require tools capable of optimizing their processes in virtue of threats from countries which have a lower cost of production. The Statistical Process Control (SPC) is a powerful tool to evaluate and monitor the process in relation to their stability. This paper presents an application of Statistical Process Control (SPC) in a dairy plant located in the south of Minas Gerais. The process analyzed was the packaging of butter in 200g pots. The purpose of this article is to identify the actual state of the filling process of butter in this dairy and compare them with the requirements established by legislation. Therefore, was used samples and control charts to demonstrate the current state of the process and normality tests, in particular the t-student. The results demonstrate that the industry does not harm the consumer and that is faithful to the legislation. However, it was identified that in case the industry presents an overweight in nominal content of each package, which leads to considerable injury once the feedstock used in the production of butter (cream) is of great economic value.
Use of Excel worksheets with user-friendly interface in batch process (PSBP) to minimize the makespan
Authors: Rocha Rony Peterson da , Rocha Fabrício Wesley da , Ravagnani Mauro Antônio S. S. , Paraíso Paulo Roberto , Andrade Cid Marcos Gonçalves
Published: February 2014

In the chemical industry, the necessity for scheduling is becoming more pronounced, especially in batch production mode. Nowadays, planning industrial activities is a necessity for survival. Intense competition requires diversified products and delivery in accordance with the requirements of consumers. These activities require quick decision making and the lowest possible cost, through an efficient Production Scheduling. So, this work addresses the Permutation Flow Shop scheduling problem, characterized as Production Scheduling in Batch Process (PSBP), with the objective of minimizing the total time to complete the schedule (Makespan). A method to approach the problem of production scheduling is to turn it into Mixed Integer Linear Programming- MILP, and to solve it using commercial mathematical programming packages. In this study an electronic spreadsheet with user-friendly interface (ESUFI) was developed in Microsoft Excel. The ease of manipulation of the ESUFI is quite evident, as with the use of VBA language a user-friendly interface could be created between the user and the spreadsheet itself. The results showed that it is possible to use the ESUFI for small problems.
An Efficient approach for selective collection made by scavengers for transportation logistics of recyclable materials
Authors: Maccarini Adelino Carlos , Oliveira Gilson Adamckzuk , Maccarini Naiá Mendes , Andrade João Bosco Ladislau de
Published: February 2014

The advance of technology, associated to the increase in the production of recyclable waste due to the increase of consumption and population, has been led to a search for alternatives of management and minimization of this waste. A part of this recyclable material is collected by scavengers, who do it to guarantee their livelihood. Many of them face logistical difficulties in transportation, mainly when they have to walk long distances and the streets have high slopes.Therefore, to minimize these efforts, the purpose of this paper is to settle mobile warehouses to receive recyclable items, with trucks that receive in bulk all materials collected by the collectors, who will deliver them to someone who will be in the truck for weighing and subsequent payment to the collector. With the help of the Analysis of Variance – ANOVA, studies were made so that this receipt is a quick operation, with the historical record of each sampling in a spreadsheet and value calculations based on this description, thus minimizing errors in weighing in bulk and improving, in every collection, the system reliability.
Antagonizing leptin: current status and future directions
Authors: Zabeau Lennart , Peelman Frank , Tavernier Jan
Published: February 2014

The adipocyte-derived hormone/cytokine leptin acts as a metabolic switch, connecting the body’s nutritional status to high energy consuming processes such as reproduction and immune responses. Inappropriate leptin responses can promote autoimmune diseases and tumorigenesis. In this review we discuss the current strategies to modulate leptin signaling and the possibilities for their use in research and therapy.
Diverse Behaviors of Outer Radial Glia in Developing Ferret and Human Cortex
Authors: Gertz Caitlyn C. , Lui Jan H. , LaMonica Bridget E. , Wang Xiaoqun , Kriegstein Arnold R.
Published: February 2014

The dramatic increase in neocortical size and folding during mammalian brain evolution has been attributed to the elaboration of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the associated increase in neural progenitors. However, recent studies have shown that SVZ size and the abundance of resident progenitors do not directly predict cortical topography, suggesting that complex behaviors of the progenitors themselves may contribute to the overall size and shape of the adult cortex. Using time-lapse imaging, we examined the dynamic behaviors of SVZ progenitors in the ferret, a gyrencephalic carnivore, focusing our analysis on outer radial glial cells (oRGs). We identified a substantial population of oRGs by marker expression and their unique mode of division, termed mitotic somal translocation (MST). Ferret oRGs exhibited diverse behaviors in terms of division location, cleavage angle, and MST distance, as well as fiber orientation and dynamics. We then examined the human fetal cortex and found that a subset of human oRGs displayed similar characteristics, suggesting that diversity in oRG behavior may be a general feature. Similar to the human, ferret oRGs underwent multiple rounds of self-renewing divisions but were more likely to undergo symmetric divisions that expanded the oRG population, as opposed to producing intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs). Differences in oRG behaviors, including proliferative potential and daughter cell fates, may contribute to variations in cortical structure between mammalian species.
Dosage Effects of BDNF Val66Met Polymorphism on Cortical Surface Area and Functional Connectivity
Authors: Wang Chao , Zhang Yuanchao , Liu Bing , Long Haixia , Yu Chunshui , Jiang Tianzi
Published: February 2014

The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a valine-to-methionine substitution at codon 66 (Val66Met) in BDNF is correlated with differences in cognitive and memory functions, as well as with several neurological and psychiatric disorders. MRI studies have already shown that this genetic variant contributes to changes in cortical thickness and volume, but whether the Val66Met polymorphism affects the cortical surface area of healthy subjects remains unclear. Here, we used multimodal MRI to study whether this polymorphism would affect the cortical morphology and resting-state functional connectivity of a large sample of healthy Han Chinese human subjects. An SNP-wise general linear model analysis revealed a “dosage effect” of the Met allele, specifically a stepwise increase in cortical surface area of the right anterior insular cortex with increasing numbers of the Met allele. Moreover, we found enhanced functional connectivity between the anterior insular and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortices that was linked with the dosage of the Met allele. In conclusion, these data demonstrated a “dosage effect” of BDNF Val66Met on normal cortical structure and function, suggesting a new path for exploring the mechanisms underlying the effects of genotype on cognition.
Auditory Nerve Perinodal Dysmyelination in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Tagoe Thomas , Barker Matt , Jones Andrew , Allcock Natalie , Hamann Martine
Published: February 2014

Exposure to loud sound (acoustic overexposure; AOE) induces hearing loss and damages cellular structures at multiple locations in the auditory pathway. Whether AOE can also induce changes in myelin sheaths of the auditory nerve (AN) is an important issue particularly because these changes can be responsible for impaired action potential propagation along the AN. Here we investigate the effects of AOE on morphological and electrophysiological features of the centrally directed part of the rat AN projecting from the cochlear spiral ganglion to brainstem cochlear nuclei. Using electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry, we show that AOE elongates the AN nodes of Ranvier and triggers notable perinodal morphological changes. Compound action potential recordings of the AN coupled to biophysical modeling demonstrated that these nodal and perinodal structural changes were associated with decreased conduction velocity and conduction block. Furthermore, AOE decreased the number of release sites in the cochlear nuclei associated with the reduced amplitudes of EPSCs evoked by AN stimulation. In conclusion, AN dysmyelination may be of fundamental importance in auditory impairment following exposure to loud sound.
Deprivation-Induced Strengthening of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Inhibitory Transmission in Layer 4 of Visual Cortex during the Critical Period
Authors: Nahmani Marc , Turrigiano Gina G.
Published: February 2014

Inhibition from fast-spiking (FS) interneurons plays a crucial role in shaping cortical response properties and gating developmental periods of activity-dependent plasticity, yet the expression mechanisms underlying FS inhibitory plasticity remain largely unexplored. In layer 4 of visual cortex (V1), monocular deprivation (MD) induces either depression or potentiation of FS to star pyramidal neuron (FS→SP) synapses, depending on the age of onset (Maffei et al., 2004, 2006). This reversal in the sign (− to +) of plasticity occurs on the cusp of the canonical critical period (CP). To investigate the expression locus behind this switch in sign of inhibitory plasticity, mice underwent MD during the pre-CP [eye-opening to postnatal day (p)17] or CP (p22–p25), and FS→SP synaptic strength within layer 4 was assessed using confocal and immunoelectron microscopy, as well as optogenetic activation of FS cells to probe quantal amplitude at FS→SP synapses. Brief MD before p17 or p25 did not alter the density of FS→SP contacts. However, at the ultrastructural level, FS→SP synapses in deprived hemispheres during the CP, but not the pre-CP or in GAD65knock-out mice, had larger synapses and increased docked vesicle density compared with synapses from the nondeprived control hemispheres. Moreover, FS→SP evoked miniature IPSCs increased in deprived hemispheres when MD was initiated during the CP, accompanied by an increase in the density of postsynaptic GABAAreceptors at FS→SP synapses. These coordinated changes in FS→SP synaptic strength define an expression pathway modulating excitatory output during CP plasticity in visual cortex.
Upland rice under no-tillage preceded by crops for soil cover and nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Moro Edemar , Crusciol Carlos Alexandre Costa , Cantarella Heitor , Nascente Adriano Stephan
Published: February 2014

The grain yield of upland rice under no-tillage has been unsatisfactory and one reason could be the nitrate/ammonium balance in the soil. Cover crops and nitrogen fertilization can be used to change the nitrate/ammonium relation in the soil and improve conditions for the development of upland rice in the no-tillage (NT) system. The aim was to study the effect of cover crops and nitrogen sources on grain yield of upland rice under no tillage. The study was carried out on the Fazenda Experimental Lageado, in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in an Oxisol area under no-tillage for six years. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block split-plot design with four replications. The plots consisted of six cover crop species (Brachiaria brizantha, B. decumbens, B. humidicola, B. ruziziensis, Pennisetum americanum, and Crotalaria spectabilis) and the split-plots of seven forms of N fertilizer management. Millet is the best cover crop to precede upland rice under NT. The best form of N application, as nitrate, is in split rates or total rate at topdressing or an ammonium source with or without a nitrification inhibitor, in split doses. When the cover crops C. spectabilis, B. brizantha, B. decumbens, B. humidicola, and B. ruziziensis preceded rice, they induced the highest grain yield when rice was fertilized with N as ammonium sulfate source + nitrification inhibitor in split rates or total dose at topdressing.
Residual effect of soil tillage on water erosion from a Typic Paleudalf under long-term no-tillage and cropping systems
Authors: Lanzanova Mastrângello Enívar , Eltz Flávio Luiz Foletto , Nicoloso Rodrigo da Silveira , Cassol Elemar Antonino , Bertol Ildegardis , Amado Telmo Jorge Carneiro , Girardello Vitor Cauduro
Published: February 2014

Soil erosion is one of the chief causes of agricultural land degradation. Practices of conservation agriculture, such as no-tillage and cover crops, are the key strategies of soil erosion control. In a long-term experiment on a Typic Paleudalf, we evaluated the temporal changes of soil loss and water runoff rates promoted by the transition from conventional to no-tillage systems in the treatments: bare soil (BS); grassland (GL); winter fallow (WF); intercrop maize and velvet bean (M+VB); intercrop maize and jack bean (M+JB); forage radish as winter cover crop (FR); and winter cover crop consortium ryegrass - common vetch (RG+CV). Intensive soil tillage induced higher soil losses and water runoff rates; these effects persisted for up to three years after the adoption of no-tillage. The planting of cover crops resulted in a faster decrease of soil and water loss rates in the first years after conversion from conventional to no-tillage than to winter fallow. The association of no-tillage with cover crops promoted progressive soil stabilization; after three years, soil losses were similar and water runoff was lower than from grassland soil. In the treatments of cropping systems with cover crops, soil losses were reduced by 99.7 and 66.7 %, compared to bare soil and winter fallow, while the water losses were reduced by 96.8 and 71.8 % in relation to the same treatments, respectively.
Efeito do preparo do solo e resíduo da colheita de cana-de-açúcar sobre a emissão de CO2
Authors: Moitinho Mara Regina , Padovan Milton Parron , Panosso Alan Rodrigo , La Scala Jr Newton
Published: February 2014

O solo é um dos principais compartimentos de carbono no ecossistema terrestre, capaz de armazenar quantidades expressivas desse elemento e, portanto, a compreensão dos fatores que contribuem para as perdas de CO2 em solos agrícolas é fundamental para determinar estratégias de redução das emissões desse gás e ajudar a mitigar o efeito estufa. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito do preparo do solo e da deposição de resíduos da cultura da cana-de-açúcar na emissão de CO2, temperatura e umidade do solo, durante a reforma do canavial, ao longo de um período de 15 dias. Os manejos avaliados foram: sem preparo do solo e mantendo os resíduos da colheita sobre a superfície do solo (SPCR); sem preparo do solo e sem resíduo (SPSR) e com preparo do solo e sem resíduo (CPSR). A menor média de emissão de CO2 do solo (FCO2) foi observada no manejo SPCR (2,16 µmol m-2 s-1), quando comparado aos manejos SPSR (2,90 µmol m-2 s-1) e CPSR (3,22 µmol m-2 s-1), indicando que as maiores umidades e menores variações da temperatura do solo, observadas em SPCR, foram os fatores responsáveis por tal diminuição. Durante o período de estudo, a menor média diária da FCO2 foi registrada em SPCR (1,28 µmol m-2 s-1) e a maior em CPSR (6,08 µmol m-2 s-1), após a ocorrência de chuvas. A menor perda de C-CO2 do solo foi observada no manejo SPCR (367 kg ha-1 de C-CO2), diferindo significativamente (p<0,05) dos manejos: SPSR (502 kg ha-1 de C-CO2) e CPSR (535 kg ha-1 de C-CO2). A umidade do solo foi a variável que apresentou valores mais diferenciados entre os manejos, sendo positivamente correlacionada (r = 0,55; p<0,05) com as variações temporais da emissão de CO2 nos manejos SPCR e CPSR. Em adição, a temperatura do solo diferiu (p<0,05) somente no manejo SPCR (24 ºC), quando comparada aos manejos SPSR (26 ºC) e CPSR (26,5 ºC), sugerindo que, para as condições deste estudo, o resíduo da cana-de-açúcar retido sobre a superfície propiciou uma temperatura do solo, em média, 2 ºC mais amena.
Mineralização do carbono e nitrogênio de resíduos aplicados ao solo em campo
Authors: Paula José Roberto de , Matos Antonio Teixeira de , Matos Mateus Pimentel de , Pereira Magno dos Santos , Andrade Cristiano Alberto de
Published: February 2014

A definição das doses de aplicação de resíduos orgânicos de origens agrícola, urbana ou industrial, com vistas a seu aproveitamento agrícola, deve estar fundamentada na taxa de sua mineralização no solo. Neste trabalho, os objetivos foram utilizar e analisar diferentes métodos de estimativa das frações mineralizadas dos estercos de bovinos, suínos e galinhas, bem como do lodo de esgoto e do composto de lixo urbano, em campo, quando incorporados ou dispostos sobre um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico (LVAd). O experimento foi conduzido por um período de 360 dias, sendo feita coleta mensal de amostras do solo/resíduo, em que foram quantificadas as concentrações de carbono facilmente oxidável (COfo), o nitrogênio total, o amônio e o nitrato, possibilitando a estimativa do nitrogênio orgânico (NO). Verificou-se que estimativas das frações mineralizadas em resíduos dispostos superficialmente estão mais sujeitas a erros que as incorporadas, em razão das diferentes proporções resíduo/solo coletadas durante o período de monitoramento. Recomendou-se a obtenção das frações mineralizadas a partir de dados de concentração de COfo no solo/resíduo, tendo em vista que as de Ninorg e, consequentemente, de NO estão sujeitas à forte influência da ocorrência de chuvas, gerando valores pouco confiáveis. As frações mineralizadas de COfo e NO estimadas, considerando-se as adições de material orgânico (COfo(adic) ou NO(adic)), foram, após 120 dias de incubação do resíduo, superiores a 89,3 %, sejam nos resíduos incorporados ou dispostos superficialmente.
Magnetic susceptibility in the prediction of soil attributes in two sugarcane harvesting management systems
Authors: Peluco Rafael G. , Marques Júnior José , Siqueira Diego S. , Cortez Lucas A. , Pereira Gener T.
Published: February 2014

This study aimed to investigate the potential use of magnetic susceptibility (MS) as pedotransfer function to predict soil attributes under two sugarcane harvesting management systems. For each area of 1 ha (one with green sugarcane mechanized harvesting and other one with burnt sugarcane manual harvesting), 126 soil samples were collected and subjected to laboratory analysis to determine soil physical, chemical and mineralogical attributes and for measuring of MS. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics by calculating the mean and coefficient of variation. In order to compare the means in the different harvesting management systems it was carried out the Tukey test at a significance level of 5%. In order to investigate the correlation of the MS with other soil properties it was made the correlation test and aiming to assess how the MS contributes to the prediction of soil complex attributes it was made the multiple linear regressions. The results demonstrate that MS showed, in both sugarcane harvesting management systems, statistical correlation with chemical, physical and mineralogical soil attributes and it also showed potential to be used as pedotransfer function to predict attributes of the studied oxisol.
Modalities for soil preparation and gypsum application in ultisol: stem productivity of sugarcane
Authors: Lima Ronaldo C. , Mello Luiz M. M. de , Yano Élcio H. , Silva José O. R. da , Cesarin André L.
Published: February 2014

The study was conducted in an area of expansion of sugarcane at Vale do Paraná factory in Suzanápolis city - São Paulo (SP), in Brazil, in the northwestern region of the State of São Paulo. It was used the sugarcane variety RB92-5345, 1.5m of spacing between rows, in an Ultisol. The study aimed to evaluate the productivity of sugarcane and first ratoon and some soil chemical attributes in function of soil tillage and application or not of gypsum. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments, in a factorial 3x2 and six replicates, the main treatments were soil tillage with three equipments, moldboard plow, chisel plow, and heavy harrow, and two secondary treatments with application of 1 t ha-1of gypsum and no gypsum. After each harvest of cane, the soil was characterized as to its fertility indicators in layers of 0.0-0.15; 0.15-0.30 and 0.30-0.45m. Differences in values of soil chemical attributes due to the methods of preparation occurred in the sugarcane did not last until the harvest of the 1st ratoon cane, and also did not influence the crop productivity. The gypsum application resulted in higher values of total recoverable sugar (TRS) and the productivity of tons of stems per hectare (TSH) to sugarcane and 1st ratoon cane, respectively, confirming the initial hypothesis.
Semeadura de milho com dois mecanismos sulcadores sob diferentes intensidades de pastejo
Authors: Modolo Alcir J. , Franchin Marcia F. , Trogello Emerson , Adami Paulo F. , Scarsi Marina , Carnieletto Ricardo
Published: February 2014

A integração lavoura-pecuária pode ser definida como o sistema que integra duas atividades, visando a maximizar racionalmente o uso da terra e a minimizar os custos de produção. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a semeadura de milho com dois mecanismos sulcadores, em área de pastagem submetida a diferentes manejos, no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, e os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação de quatro intensidades de pastejo (0,25-0,05; 0,30-0,10; 0,35-0,15 m e sem pastejo, para as alturas de entrada e saída dos animais dos piquetes, respectivamente) e dois mecanismos sulcadores (haste e disco duplo). Foram avaliadas a densidade e a macroporosidade do solo no pós-pastejo, bem como a profundidade de semeadura, a área de solo mobilizada, a população de plantas e a produtividade de grãos da cultura do milho. As áreas com maior intensidade de pastejo proporcionaram aumento significativo na densidade do solo. A área de solo mobilizada foi de 0,0071 e 0,0103 m² para o disco duplo e a haste, respectivamente, tendo a haste apresentado maior profundidade de semeadura. Para o mecanismo sulcador tipo disco, a produtividade diminuiu linearmente com o aumento das intensidades de pastejo, sendo que a mesma foi amenizada quando da utilização da haste.
Influence of urbanization on land surface temperature in Recife city
Authors: Santos Taciana O. dos , Moura Geber B. de A. , Silva Bernardo B. da , Oliveira Leidjane M. M. de , Machado Celia C. C.
Published: February 2014

Urbanization has caused significant environmental impacts, replacing natural surfaces by buildings, decreasing green vegetated areas, soil sealing and atmospheric pollution which contribute to increase the land surface temperature in such areas. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the influence of urbanization on land surface temperature (Ts) in Recife city - Pernambuco (PE), in Brazil, using the Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor images from Landsat 5 satellite. To perform the study, images of August 4, 1998 and September 6, 2010 were obtained and processed to generate Ts thematic maps of Recife-PE and of two districts of this city (Curado and Casa Amarela), in order to analyze the transformation dynamics that has occurred in the area. Through the profile produced for the study area, a spatial and temporal increase of the Ts surface was noticeable in the suburb-downtown direction: 6°C of difference between these areas. The Casa Amarela district, with high urban concentration, presented the highest Ts values observed (>27°C).
Relations between communication and development of family farmers
Authors: Ponchio Ana Paula S. , Oliveira Julieta T. A. de
Published: February 2014

This research investigates relations between communication and the development of family farmers from the Pontal do Paranapanema region (state of São Paulo), mainly in the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio. Family agriculture in this municipality is represented basically by beneficiaries the Agrarian Reform program. The main hypothesis is that communication contributes positively to the development of those family farmers. Thus, this study aimed to understand communication practices of these farmers and relate them with the development of their families. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used. Development proxy is understood as the combination between the family living conditions and production. Among the main results, it was found that the effect of communication for "life and production conditions" increases as farmers at superior levels of "development" are analyzed; thus the main hypothesis should not be rejected for those farmers with higher development condition. For the others, communication did not have the same effect because many settled families are not focused on agricultural activities. The main suggestion is to improve ways for producers and professionals from public services related to them to access information.
Quantificação do erro na determinação da perda contínua de carga em tubos elásticos
Authors: Rettore Neto Osvaldo , Botrel Tarlei A. , Frizzone José A. , Pinto Marinaldo F. , Camargo Antônio P.
Published: February 2014

A indústria de plásticos e derivados, com o auxílio da engenharia, tem aprimorado a qualidade do material destinado à fabricação de tubos, principalmente os de polietileno. A elasticidade desses tubos permite que ocorra aumento do diâmetro interno com o aumento da pressão, o que não é levado em consideração pelos equacionamentos matemáticos utilizados para a determinação da perda de carga. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar os erros na determinação da perda de carga em tubos elásticos, em função da pressão de entrada na linha lateral, comparando valores observados e estimados pelas equações recomendadas na literatura técnica. Avaliaram-se 3 amostras de tubo de polietileno sob 9 pressões de entrada e 3 vazões, sendo estas correspondentes às velocidades de 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 m s-1. Efetuou-se a medição do diâmetro externo dos tubos nas pressões entre 0 a 588,4 kPa, com incrementos de 49,05 kPa. Para todas as condições avaliadas, foi possível constatar que a pressão afeta a perda contínua de carga em tubos elásticos, sendo esta superestimada pelas equações de Darcy-Weisbach, Hazen-Williams e Flamant.
Persistência intergeracional de educação no Brasil: o caso da Região Metropolitana do Recife
Authors: Gonçalves Michela Barreto Camboim , Silveira Neto Raul da Mota
Published: February 2014

A partir de uma base em dados primária derivada de pesquisa de campo da Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, este trabalho preenche parte da lacuna na literatura brasileira ao apresentar evidências recentes e inéditas a respeito da mobilidade intergeracional de educação na Região Metropolitana do Recife em 2010, evidências estas que são cotejadas com aquelas para demais Regiões Metropolitanas obtidas para o ano de 1996. Os principais resultados obtidos, que refletem um período de significativas transformações sociais, confirmam o que a literatura que trata da mobilidade intergeracional de educação destaca como importante: a persistência de educação entre pais e filhos no Brasil ainda é muito alta e heterogênea, mesmo em 2010 no caso do Recife, embora apresente redução em relação ao ano de 1996. A probabilidade de um filho cujo pai não tem escolaridade replicar o status educacional do seu pai é de 30%, valor considerado elevado quando tantas oportunidades educacionais estão disponíveis.
Os ciganos e os processos de exclusão
Authors: Andrade Júnior Lourival
Published: February 2014

Entrar em contato com os ciganos e seu mundo de significações e práticas que podemos chamar de cultura cigana ou 'ciganidade', mesmo correndo o risco das generalizações, é estar em contato com um tema que insiste em escapar entre nossos dedos. Deparamo-nos com um povo que ao longo da história acabou se adaptando a cada novo encontro e a cada nova região, buscando sobreviver em um mundo que busca e valoriza os seus contrários. Mesmo assim, esse povo manteve muitas de suas tradições intactas durante séculos de nomadismo. Para os ciganos nômades, a barraca é o seu lugar. Durante séculos as adjetivações negativas em relação aos ciganos aparecem em leis, decretos, matérias jornalísticas, processos criminais e também nas artes. Esses processos de exclusão fizeram e fazem parte da dinâmica dos Estados que veem os grupos ciganos como perigosos e desnecessários.
Os petistas e a crise do socialismo real: os desafios da renovação e as heranças das esquerdas tradicionais
Authors: Costa Izabel Cristina Gomes da
Published: February 2014

O artigo analisa alguns aspectos do debate realizado pelos petistas sobre a crise do socialismo real. Investiga a incidência do colapso daquela experiência sobre as distintas visões de socialismo existentes no interior do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT). O texto também analisa o diálogo e o confronto entre as heranças da II e da III Internacional e o socialismo petista, que fazia da ideia do "Marco Zero" - ou seja, da construção de um 'novo socialismo', desapegado das tradições - a marca de nascença do seu projeto alternativo de sociedade.
Estudo comparativo das alterações jejunais e colônicas com a interposição gastrojejunoduodenal e gastrocoloduodenal em cães
Authors: Mattos Marilles Porto , Silva Alcino Lázaro da
Published: February 2014

RACIONAL: As interposições intestinais são importantes em diversas operações do tubo digestivo. Contudo, são passíveis de complicações imediatas e tardias. OBJETIVO: Comparar as interposições com segmentos de jejuno e de colo em cães, quanto à evolução clínica e cirúrgica e aspecto anatomopatológico dos segmentos interpostos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 40 cães sem raça definida, imunizados e vermifugados, machos, idade entre 36 e 72 meses, peso entre 6 e 16 kg distribuídos em dois grupos de 20 (G1=gastrojejunoduodenal e G2=gastrocoloduodenal). Submeteram-se à lapatoromia para interposição de jejuno e de colo entre o antro gástrico e o duodeno. Após 120 dias, foi realizada relaparotomia para remoção dos segmentos de jejuno e de colo e analisados pelo método Bouin e cortes histológicos corados por H&E para estudo anatomopatológico. Os resultados clínicos e cirúrgicos analisados foram peso, diarréia, fístulas, infecção, deiscência de sutura e hérnia incisional. A análise patológica envolveu infiltração de neutrófilos, aumento do número de células caliciformes e das vilosidades e hipotrofia de criptas. Os testes de Mann-Whitney e Exato de Fisher foram utilizados na comparação entre os grupos. RESULTADOS: Os cães submetidos à interposição gastrocoloduodenal produziram mais perda de peso (p<0,05) e diarreia (p<0,001). A taxa de fístula clínica foi de 20% no G1 e 100% no G2. Infecção, deiscência e hérnia incisional ocorreram em 20% do grupo G1 e em todo grupo G2 (p<0,001). Quanto às alterações histopatológicas também foram intensas no G2 (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A morbidade associada à interposição com segmento de intestino é alta e foi maior no grupo com interposição de segmento colônico.
Adenocarcinoma gástrico T4b: experiência de 12 anos em Hospital Universitário
Authors: Favacho Bernard Costa , Costa Carleno da Silva , Magalhães Thamer Costa , Assumpção Paulo Pimentel de , Ishak Geraldo
Published: February 2014

A neoplasia gástrica é doença heterogênea e multifatorial, com incidência e mortalidade variando geograficamente. Aproximadamente 60% dos diagnósticos em pacientes de países ocidentais ocorrem nos estádios III ou IV. Nestes doentes, o melhor tratamento consiste na realização de procedimento cirúrgico. OBJETIVO: Identificar os aspectos epidemiológicos de pacientes diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma gástrico T4b. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo, de fonte secundária, dos pacientes diagnosticados com adenocarcinoma gástrico T4b através de estadiamento patológico. Foram analisados 815 prontuários, sendo 27 pacientes estudados. As variáveis investigadas foram: aspectos demográficos, principais queixas, fatores de risco, acesso ao serviço de saúde, aspectos cirúrgicos, morbidade, mortalidade e sobrevida. RESULTADOS: Vinte e dois eram homens (81,5%) e cinco mulheres (18,5%) com idade variando de 38 a 87 e média de 58,78 anos. O tempo de acesso ao serviço, em meses, variou de 1 a 120, com média de 12,5. Os sinais e sintomas mais prevalentes foram: perda de peso 23 (85,2%), epigastralgia 22 (81,5%), vômitos 16 (59,3%) e plenitude gástrica 12 (44,4%). A frequência de acometimento das estruturas adjacentes foi: pâncreas oito (29,6%), fígado sete (25,9%), cólon transverso seis (22,2%), intestino delgado seis (22,2%), mesocólon três (11,1%), baço um (3,7%) e vesícula biliar um (3,7%). Morbidades pós-operatórias ocorreram em 51,85% dos pacientes. Houve associação significativa entre mortalidade cirúrgica e ocorrência de fístula/deiscência, choque séptico e sangramento. A sobrevida ao final de seis meses foi de 63,27%. CONCLUSÃO: A média do tempo entre início dos sintomas e acesso ao serviço de saúde especializado foi elevada. Mais da metade dos pacientes apresentaram morbidades pós-operatórias. Os pacientes que apresentaram fístula/deiscência, sangramentos e choque séptico tiveram associação significativa com mortalidade cirúrgica. A sobrevida ao final de seis meses foi de 63,27%.