bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Separate double-layer repair versus en masse repair for delaminated rotator cuff tears: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Jia , Zheng Zhen-Yang , Ren Yi-Ming
Published: May 2020

Objective

Delaminated rotator cuff tears are a common shoulder disorder in elderly individuals. Either arthroscopic separate double-layer repair (DR) or en masse repair (ER) is used to treat a delaminated rotator cuff tear. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic ER versus DR intervention.

Methods

Five studies were acquired from PubMed, Medline, Embase, CNKI, Google, and the Cochrane Library. The data were extracted by two of the coauthors independently and were analyzed with RevMan 5.3. Mean differences (MDs), odds ratios (ORs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale were used to assess the risk of bias.

Results

Five studies, including two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and three observational studies, were assessed. The methodological quality of the trials ranged from low to high. The pooled results for the Shoulder Rating Scale of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, visual analog scale (VAS) score, Constant score, and range of motion (ROM) showed that the outcomes were not statistically significant between the two interventions. The difference in retear rate was not statistically significant (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.36–1.33, P = 0.27). The sensitivity analysis proved the stability of the pooled results, and publication bias was not apparent.

Conclusions

Both arthroscopic ER and DR interventions had benefits in delaminated rotator cuff tear treatment. ER and DR treatments were equally effective and had the same retear rate. The arthroscopic DR technique could not be recommended as the optical choice for delaminated rotator cuff tears based on current evidence.
Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) for targeted protein degradation and cancer therapy
Authors: Li Xin , Song Yongcheng
Published: May 2020

Proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) has been developed to be a useful technology for targeted protein degradation. A bifunctional PROTAC molecule consists of a ligand (mostly small-molecule inhibitor) of the protein of interest (POI) and a covalently linked ligand of an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3). Upon binding to the POI, the PROTAC can recruit E3 for POI ubiquitination, which is subjected to proteasome-mediated degradation. PROTAC complements nucleic acid-based gene knockdown/out technologies for targeted protein reduction and could mimic pharmacological protein inhibition. To date, PROTACs targeting ~ 50 proteins, many of which are clinically validated drug targets, have been successfully developed with several in clinical trials for cancer therapy. This article reviews PROTAC-mediated degradation of critical oncoproteins in cancer, particularly those in hematological malignancies. Chemical structures, cellular and in vivo activities, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of these PROTACs are summarized. In addition, potential advantages, challenges, and perspectives of PROTAC technology in cancer therapy are discussed.
Effectiveness of therapeutic footwear for children: A systematic review
Authors: Hill Matthew , Healy Aoife , Chockalingam Nachiappan
Published: May 2020

Background

It is estimated that 2% of the global childhood population is living with some form of mobility impairment. Although footwear interventions are proposed to aid ambulation, there appears to be a paucity in the understanding of the effects of therapeutic footwear. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of footwear as an intervention for mobility impairment in children.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, SPORTdiscus and Scopus databases were performed. Studies which focused on children with some form of mobility impairment, age of 9 months to 18 years, therapeutic footwear that allowed walking, and outcome measures that had explored biomechanical or skeletal geometry or psychosocial aspects were included in this review. Modified Downs and Black quality assessment index of randomised and non‐randomised studies were used to assess the methodologies of included papers.

Results

Out of 5003 articles sourced, 13 met the inclusion criteria for this review. These were grouped into two titled “corrective and “functional” based on the types of footwear used for intervention. Studies within the corrective footwear group included participants aged 11 months to 5 years with moderate congenital talipes equino varus or mobile pes planus. While using skeletal geometry as an outcome, there was a limited fair quality (level II) evidence that corrective footwear has no significant effect on the development of pes planus but may assist in the reduction of deformity in congenital talipes equino varus. The functional footwear group included participants aged 3 to 17 years, predominantly with mobile pes planus or cerebral palsy. Based on biomechanical measures as an outcome, there was a limited fair quality (level III) evidence that functional footwear alters biomechanical parameters in mobile pes planus (spatiotemporal) and cerebral palsy (spatiotemporal, kinematic). Although psychosocial outcomes were considered within two studies, the analysis was limited.

Conclusion

Only a limited number of studies have explored the effects of therapeutic footwear and only in a narrow range of mobility impairments. Further high‐quality research is required to improve the evidence base for the effectiveness of therapeutic footwear. This should include a wide range of mobility impairments and should focus both on physical and psychosocial outcomes.
What’s the name? Weight stigma and the battle against obesity
Authors: Tanas Rita , Bernasconi Sergio , Marsella Maria , Corsello Giovanni
Published: May 2020

Childhood obesity has spread worldwide, it is on the rise, starts earlier and is more severe, despite all treatment attempts.

According to recent studies, weight stigma is a factor that can hinder the success of therapies. Healthcare workers, mainly paediatricians, need to feel the urgency of anti-stigma training. The use of non-stigmatizing terminologies and images in various areas (school, sports clubs, healthcare, media, society in general) can improve disease management.
Reducing sitting at work: process evaluation of the SMArT Work (Stand More At Work) intervention
Authors: Biddle Stuart J. H. , O’Connell Sophie E. , Davies Melanie J. , Dunstan David , Edwardson Charlotte L. , Esliger Dale W. , Gray Laura J. , Yates Thomas , Munir Fehmidah
Published: May 2020

Background

Office-based workers accumulate high amounts of sitting time. Stand More At Work (SMArT Work) aimed to reduce occupational sitting time and a cluster randomised controlled trial demonstrated it was successful in achieving this aim. The purpose of this paper is to present the process evaluation of the SMArT Work intervention.

Methods

Questionnaire data were collected from intervention participants at 6 months (n = 58) and 12 months (n = 55). Questionnaires sought feedback on the different components of the intervention (education, height-adjustable desk, Darma cushion, behaviour feedback, progress chats (coaching) with research team, action planning/goal setting diary) and experiences of evaluation measures. Control participants (n = 37) were asked via questionnaire at 12-month follow-up about the impact of the study on their behaviour and any lifestyle changes made during the study. Participants from both arms were invited to focus groups to gain a deeper understanding of their experiences on completion of 12-month follow-up.

Results

Focus group and questionnaire data showed a positive attitude towards the height-adjustable workstation with a high proportion of participants using it every day (62%). Most participants (92%) felt the education seminar increased their awareness of the health consequences of too much sitting and motivated them to change their behaviour. Receiving feedback on their sitting time and support from the research team also encouraged behaviour change. The Darma cushion and action planning/goal setting diary were seen to be less helpful for behaviour change. Benefits experienced included fewer aches and pains, improved cognitive functioning, increased productivity, more energy and positive feelings about general health.

Conclusions

Key elements of the programme identified as facilitating behaviour change were the educational seminar, the height-adjustable workstation, behavioural feedback and regular contact with research staff through regular progress chats.

Trial registration

ISRCTN: ISRCTN10967042. Registered on 2 February 2015.
Delivery of subcutaneous immunoglobulin by rapid “push” infusion for primary immunodeficiency patients in Manitoba: a retrospective review
Authors: Walter Graham , Kalicinsky Chrystyna , Warrington Richard , Miguel Marianne , Reyes Jeannette , Rubin Tamar S.
Published: May 2020

Background

Both intravenous and subcutaneous human immune globin G (IgG) replacement (IVIG and SCIG, respectively) reduce severe infection and increase serum IgG levels in primary immune deficiency disorder (PIDD) patients who require replacement. SCIG can be administered either with the aid of an infusion pump, or by patients or caregivers themselves, using butterfly needles and a syringe (“SCIG push”). SCIG offers advantages over IVIG, including higher steady state IgG levels, improved patient quality of life indicators, and decreased cost to the healthcare system, and for these reasons, SCIG has been increasingly used in Manitoba starting in 2007. We sought to determine the effectiveness of SCIG push in our local adult PIDD population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of all adult patients enrolled in the SCIG push program in Manitoba, Canada from its inception in November 2007 through September 2018. We included patients who were naïve to IgG replacement prior to SCIG, and those who had received IVIG immediately prior. We collected data regarding serum IgG levels, antibiotic prescriptions, hospital admissions, and adverse events during a pre-defined period prior to and following SCIG initiation. Statistical significance was determined via two-tailed t-test.

Results

62 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 35 were on IVIG prior and 27 were IgG replacement naïve. SCIG push resulted in an increase in serum IgG levels in those naïve to IgG replacement, as well as in those who received IVIG prior. SCIG push also resulted in a statistically significant reduction in number of antibiotic prescriptions filled in the naïve subgroup, and no significant change in antibiotics filled in the IVIG prior group. 8/62 PIDD patients (12.9%) left the SCIG program during our review period for varying reasons, including side-effects.

Conclusions

In a real-life setting, in the Manitoba adult PIDD population, SCIG push is an effective method of preventing severe infections, with most patients preferring to continue this therapy once initiated.
Spatially extended balanced networks without translationally invariant connectivity
Authors: Ebsch Christopher , Rosenbaum Robert
Published: May 2020

Networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex exhibit a balance between excitation (positive input current) and inhibition (negative input current). Balanced network theory provides a parsimonious mathematical model of this excitatory-inhibitory balance using randomly connected networks of model neurons in which balance is realized as a stable fixed point of network dynamics in the limit of large network size. Balanced network theory reproduces many salient features of cortical network dynamics such as asynchronous-irregular spiking activity. Early studies of balanced networks did not account for the spatial topology of cortical networks. Later works introduced spatial connectivity structure, but were restricted to networks with translationally invariant connectivity structure in which connection probability depends on distance alone and boundaries are assumed to be periodic. Spatial connectivity structure in cortical network does not always satisfy these assumptions. We use the mathematical theory of integral equations to extend the mean-field theory of balanced networks to account for more general dependence of connection probability on the spatial location of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. We compare our mathematical derivations to simulations of large networks of recurrently connected spiking neuron models.
Physical activity promotion for multimorbid patients in primary care settings: a protocol for a systematic review evaluating health benefits and harms
Authors: Schweda Simone , Krauss Inga
Published: May 2020

Background

To date multimorbidity has not received much attention in health policies, even though multiple chronic diseases put high demands on the health care system in industrial nations. Enormous costs of care and a physically, mentally, and socially reduced quality of life are common consequences of multimorbidity. Physical activity (PA) has a positive preventive and therapeutic effect on common non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study will be to evaluate the health benefits and harms of PA interventions for sedentary adults with multimorbidity in primary care settings.

Methods

This is the study protocol for a systematic review. We will search PubMed, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of Science, CINHAL, and the Cochrane Library (from inception onwards). In addition, clinical trial registers and reference lists of included studies will be searched. We will include randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and non-randomized trials examining the health benefits and harms of PA interventions with or without additional lifestyle interventions for sedentary adult patients with multimorbidity (e.g., two or more chronic non-communicable diseases) in primary care. Eligible control groups will be standard care, placebo, or medications. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, abstracts data, and full-text articles. The primary outcomes will be health-related quality of life and mortality. Secondary outcomes will include cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and disease-specific outcomes (e.g., depression score), biomarkers as well as control of metabolic risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, HBA1c, body weight) and any adverse event. The methodological quality of the studies will be appraised using appropriate tools. If feasible, we will conduct random effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., study design, geographical location, or type of intervention). Strength of the body of evidence will be assessed according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment (GRADE).

Discussion

This review will evaluate the evidence on health benefits and harms of PA interventions for sedentary adults with multimorbidity in primary care settings. We anticipate our findings to be of interest to patients, their families, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in selecting and conducting optimal health promotion programs. Possible implications for further research will be discussed.

Systematic review registration

Open Science Framework (registration identifier: osf.io/ka8yu)
Some fixed point theorems for $(\psi -\phi )$-almost weak contractions in S-metric spaces solving conformable differential equations
Authors: Nashine Hemant Kumar , Saluja G. S. , Ibrahim Rabha W.
Published: May 2020

The aim of this paper is to establish some fixed point and common fixed point theorems for $(\psi -\phi )$(ψ−ϕ)-almost weak contractions in complete S-metric spaces, followed by some supportive examples. Our results extend and generalize several results existing in the literature. We employ the outcomes of the fixed point theorems to establish the existence and uniqueness of a solution for a class of conformable differential equations which is a new branch of fractional calculus.
Well-posedness of a Neumann-type problem on a gauge ball in H-type groups
Authors: Mishra Mukund Madhav , Pandey Ashutosh
Published: May 2020

We discuss the existence and uniqueness of solution for the second boundary value problem of potential theory often referred to as the Neumann problem, on a gauge ball for the canonical sub-Laplacian in H-type groups. In this way we extend the classical results of the problem as well as its generalization to the Heisenberg group.
Microstructure Change of Nanosilica–Cement Composites Partially Exposed to Sulfate Attack
Authors: Huang Qian , Zhao Liang , Zhao Chenggong , Liu Dongsheng , Wang Chaoqiang
Published: May 2020

The deterioration of cement composites containing nanosilica partially exposed to sulfate attack was studied, and the microstructure change of the composites was analysed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that nanosilica–cement composites had better sulfate resistance compared to plain cement composite under partial exposure to sulfate attack, and their sulfate resistance increased as the nanosilica content increased (in the range of 0 to 5 wt% replacing cement by weight). The main sulfate products were gypsum and ettringite within the surface and inner parts, respectively in both the immersed and evaporation portions of the nanosilica–cement composites, which was consistent with the plain cement composite. Thus, the incorporation of nanosilica did not change the distribution characteristics of the sulfate products within the composites partially exposed to sulfate attack. However, the addition of nanosilica reduced the amount of sulfate products in both the immersed and evaporation portions, and their amount decreased with the increase of nanosilica content. The evaporation portions of the composites suffered chemical sulfate attack rather than sulfate salt crystallization. Nanosilica–cement composites could be applied in real partial exposure environments containing sulfate ions.
Near-repeat victimization of sex crimes and threat incidents against women and girls in Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Amemiya Mamoru , Nakaya Tomoki , Shimada Takahito
Published: May 2020

Near-repeat victimization (NRV) is a phenomenon in which there is a greater likelihood for a subsequent crime to occur within close spatiotemporal proximity of the last occurrence of a similar crime. This study investigated the NRV of sex crimes and threat incidents against women and girls in Tokyo. An analysis using the Knox ratio showed significant near-repeat patterns of sex crimes and two types of threat incidents, with the exception of threat incidents with physical contact against girls. Additionally, the tendency of NRV was revealed as being stronger when the victims were girls.
Characterization of novel dual tandem CD19/BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T cells to potentially treat multiple myeloma
Authors: Kang Liqing , Zhang Jian , Li Minghao , Xu Nan , Qi Wei , Tan Jingwen , Lou Xiaoyan , Yu Zhou , Sun Juanjuan , Wang Zhenkun , Fu Chengcheng , Tang Xiaowen , Dai Haiping , Chen Jia , Wu Depei , Yu Lei
Published: May 2020

Background

Treatment with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells directed against the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) promoted transient recovery from multiple myeloma (MM). However, the absence of this antigen on immature plasma cells may limit the efficacy of this modality and facilitate relapse. The purpose of this study is to characterize a novel CAR that includes both a single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-BCMA and an scFv-CD19 in tandem orientation (tan-CAR) in an attempt to target both BCMA and CD19 expression on MM cells.

Method

The scFv sequences from the anti-CD19 antibody FMC63 and the anti-BCMA antibody C11D5.3 were ligated in tandem with transmembrane and T-cell signaling domains to generate the tan-CAR construct. Specificity and efficacy of activated tan-CAR T cells were analyzed using in vitro proliferation, cytokine release, and cytolysis assays. We also evaluated the in vivo efficacy with a xenograft mouse model that included target tumor cells that expressed CD19 or BCMA and compared the results to those obtained with conventional CAR T cells.

Results

The in vitro studies revealed specific activation of tan-CAR T cells by K562 cells that overexpressed CD19 and/or BCMA. Cell proliferation, cytokine release, and cytolytic activity were all comparable to the responses of single scFv CAR T cells. Importantly, in vivo studies of tan-CAR T cells revealed specific inhibition of tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model that included cells expressing both CD19 and BCMA. Systemic administration of tan-CAR T cells resulted in complete tumor remission, in contrast to the reduced efficacies of BCMA-CAR T and CD19-CAR T alone in this setting.

Conclusion

We report the successful design and execution of novel tan-CAR T cells that promote significant anti-tumor efficacy against both CD19 and BCMA antigen-positive tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The data from this study reveal a novel strategy that may help to reduce the rate of relapse in the treatment with single scFv-CAR T cells.
Correction to: Supply ranges of stone blocks used in masonry bridges and their construction period along the East Royal Road in the Khmer Empire, Cambodia
Authors: Uchida Etsuo , Sakurai Yuichiro , Cheng Rathborith , Shimoda Ichita , Saito Yu
Published: May 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Oxidation during magma mixing recorded by symplectites at Kusatsu–Shirane Volcano, Central Japan
Authors: Ueki Kenta , Inui Mutsuko , Matsunaga Kenta , Okamoto Naoya , Oshio Kazuki
Published: May 2020

Kusatsu–Shirane Volcano is an active Quaternary andesitic-to-dacitic volcano located in the Central Japan Arc. We conducted a detailed petrological investigation of orthopyroxene (opx)–magnetite (mt) symplectites associated with olivine in the Sessho lava, an andesitic lava flow from Kusatsu–Shirane. We concluded that the symplectites are pseudomorphs after olivine and were formed through the breakdown of olivine in a mafic magma as a result of oxidation during mixing with a felsic magma. Various olivines and opx–mt symplectites that show different stages of the progressive breakdown reaction of olivine coexist in a single lava flow. We suggest that basaltic recharge into the magma reservoir beneath Kusatsu–Shirane occurred repeatedly, leading to a hybrid andesite magma with different types of olivine and symplectite being erupted at Kusatsu–Shirane Volcano.
Tibial condylar valgus osteotomy – indications and technique
Authors: Kuwashima Umito , Yonekura Akihiko , Itoh Masafumi , Itou Junya , Okazaki Ken
Published: May 2020

Purpose

To describe the indications for, and surgical technique of, tibial condylar valgus osteotomy (TCVO).

Indications

TCVO is commonly performed in patients with middle-to-end-stage medial unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Among the most important TCVO indication criteria are the types of tibial plateau shape. The convex-type (also called “pagoda-type”), with over a 5° joint line convergence angle on the standing X-ray, meets the indication criteria for TCVO.

Surgical technique

An L-shaped osteotomy is performed from the medial side of the proximal tibia to the lateral beak of the intercondylar eminence. The apex of the L-shaped osteotomy line is on the medial border of the patellar tendon insertion. Surgeons should note the direction of the chisel (during the osteotomy) to the intercondylar eminence following fluoroscopic guidance. The posterior cortical bone is cut under a lateral view observation, and the crossed-leg position is adopted to prevent injury to the popliteal blood vessels. The spreader should be positioned at the posterior cortical bone to avoid increasing the tibial slope. The locking plate reliably stabilizes the osteotomy and helps shorten the period of postoperative rehabilitation.

Conclusions

TCVO adjusts varus deformity alongside joint congruity. Accurate identification of indications and a detailed surgical plan would ensure effective correction and proper alignment. Additional osteotomies are recommended in case of under-correction of the varus limb deformity. TCVO is an effective intervention in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis and lateral joint laxity with the pagoda-type tibial plateau shape.
Wine psychology: basic & applied
Authors: Spence Charles
Published: May 2020

Basic cognitive research can help to explain our response to wine, and the myriad factors that affect it. Wine is a complex, culture-laden, multisensory stimulus, and our perception/experience of its properties is influenced by everything from the packaging in which it is presented through the glassware in which it is served and evaluated. A growing body of experiential wine research now demonstrates that a number of contextual factors, including everything from the colour of the ambient lighting through to background music can exert a profound, and in some cases predictable, influence over the tasting experience. Sonic seasoning - that is, the matching of music or soundscapes with specific wines in order to accentuate or draw attention to certain qualities/attributes in the wine, such as sweetness, length, or body, also represents a rapidly growing area of empirical study. While such multisensory, experiential wine research undoubtedly has a number of practical applications, it also provides insights concerning multisensory perception that are relevant to basic scientists. Furthermore, the findings of the wine research are also often relevant to those marketers interested in understanding how the consumers’ perception of any other food or beverage product can potentially be modified.
Monitoring treatment effects in lung cancer-bearing mice: clinical CT and clinical MRI compared to micro-CT
Authors: Spiro Judith E. , Rinneburger Miriam , Hedderich Dennis M. , Jokic Mladen , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Maintz David , Palmowski Moritz , Persigehl Thorsten
Published: May 2020

Background

Compared to histology-based methods, imaging can reduce animal usage in preclinical studies. However, availability of dedicated scanners is limited. We evaluated clinical computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in comparison to dedicated CT (micro-CT) for assessing therapy effects in lung cancer-bearing mice.

Methods

Animals received cisplatin (n = 10), sham (n = 12), or no treatment (n = 9). All were examined via micro-CT, CT, and MRI before and after treatment. Semiautomated tumour burden (TB) calculation was performed. The Bland-Altman, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and Spearman statistics were used.

Results

All modalities always allowed localising and measuring TB. At all modalities, mice treated with cisplatin showed a TB reduction (p ≤ 0.012) while sham-treated and untreated individuals presented tumour growth (p < 0.001). Mean relative difference (limits of agreement) between TB on micro-CT and clinical scanners was 24.7% (21.7–27.7%) for CT and 2.9% (−4.0–9.8%) for MRI. Relative TB changes before/after treatment were not different between micro-CT and CT (p = 0.074) or MRI (p = 0.241). Mice with cisplatin treatment were discriminated from those with sham or no treatment at all modalities (p ≤ 0.001). Using micro-CT as reference standard, ROC areas under the curves were 0.988–1.000 for CT and 0.946–0.957 for MRI. TB changes were highly correlated across modalities (r ≥ 0.900, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Clinical CT and MRI are suitable for treatment response evaluation in lung cancer-bearing mice. When dedicated scanners are unavailable, they should be preferred to improve animal welfare.
Server-aided immediate and robust user revocation mechanism for SM9
Authors: Sun Shuzhou , Ma Hui , Zhang Rui , Xu Wenhan
Published: May 2020

As the only approved Identity-Based Encryption scheme in China that is also standardized by ISO, SM9-IBE has been widely adopted in many real-world applications. However, similar to other IBE standard algorithms, SM9-IBE currently lacks revocation mechanism, which is vital for a real system. Worse still, we find that existing revocable techniques may not be suitable and efficient when applying to SM9-IBE. Given the widespread use of SM9-IBE, an efficient and robust user revocation mechanism becomes an urgent issue.In this work, we propose a dedicated server-aided revocation mechanism, which for the first time achieves the secure, immediate and robust user revocation for SM9-IBE. Provided with a compact system model, the proposed method leverages an existing server to perform all heavy workloads during user revocation, thus leaving no communication and computation costs for the key generation center and users. Moreover, the mechanism supports key-exposure resistance, meaning the user revocation mechanism is robust even if the revocation key leaks. We then formally define and prove the security. At last, we present theoretical comparisons and an implementation in terms of computational latency and throughput. The results indicate the efficiency and practicability of the proposed mechanism.
In Vitro Release of 5-Fluorouracil and Methotrexate from Different Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogel Systems
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed M. , Osman Shaaban K. , Saleh Khaled I. , Samy Ahmed M.
Published: May 2020

5-Fluorouracil is a member of cytotoxic drugs with poor selectivity to cancer cells. Currently, systemic administration of this anti-cancer drug (oral or injection) exposes normal tissues to the drug-induced toxicity. Nowadays, attention has been greatly directed towards in situ gel-forming systems that can be injected into the affected tissues in its sol form with a minimally invasive technique. More specifically, chitosan hydrogel systems were in focus due to their antibacterial effect as well as their biodegradable, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive properties. In the present work, 5-fluorouracil was loaded on various thermosensitive chitosan hydrogel systems cross linked with different linking agents like β-glycerophosphate, pluronic F127, and hydroxyapatite. Also, methotrexate was added to 5-fluorouracil in order to gain its previously reported synergistic effects. Firstly, a compatibility study was performed using UV-spectrophotometric, infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques to exclude the possibility of any physical or chemical interactions between the selected drugs and excipients. The prepared hydrogel systems were characterized for their physicochemical properties including organoleptic, pH, syringeability and injectability, viscosity, and gelation temperature (Tgel) by various analysis techniques. Moreover, the in vitro release behavior of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate was determined with a modified analytical method. The results indicated that chitosan hydrogel system cross-linked with a combination of β- glycerophosphate, and 10 % pluronicF127 (F4) showed the most suitable physicochemical properties and release profile. Accordingly, this formula can be considered as a missionary system for localized sustained delivery of cytotoxic drugs.
Recent trends in airway management
Authors: Abdelmalak Basem B. , Doyle D John
Published: May 2020

Clinical airway management continues to advance at a fast pace. To help update busy anesthesiologists, this abbreviated review summarizes notable airway management advances over the past few years. We briefly discuss advances in video laryngoscopy, in flexible intubation scopes, in jet ventilation, and in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We also discuss noninvasive ventilation in the forms of high-flow nasal cannula apneic oxygenation and ventilation and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) masks. Emerging concepts related to airway management, including the physiologically difficult airway and lower airway management, new clinical subspecialties and related professional organizations such as Anesthesia for Bronchoscopy, the Society for Head and Neck Anesthesia, and fellowship training programs related to advanced airway management are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the use of checklists and guidelines to enhance patient safety and the value of large databases in airway management research.
Improved reperfusion following alternative surgical approach for experimental stroke in mice
Authors: Trotman-Lucas Melissa , Wong Raymond , Allan Stuart M. , Gibson Claire L.
Published: May 2020

Background: Following ischemic stroke, recanalisation and restoration of blood flow to the affected area of the brain is critical and directly correlates with patient recovery.  In vivo models of ischemic stroke show high variability in outcomes, which may be due to variability in reperfusion.  We previously reported that a surgical refinement in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of stroke, via repair of the common carotid artery (CCA), removes the reliance on the Circle of Willis for reperfusion and reduced infarct variability.  Here we further assess this refined surgical approach on reperfusion characteristics following transient MCAO in mice.

Methods: Mice underwent 60 min of MCAO, followed by either CCA repair or ligation at reperfusion.  All mice underwent laser speckle contrast imaging at baseline, 24 h and 48 h post-MCAO.

Results: CCA ligation reduced cerebral perfusion in the ipsilateral hemisphere compared to baseline (102.3 ± 4.57%) at 24 h (85.13 ± 16.09%; P < 0.01) and 48 h (75.04 ± 12.954%; P < 0.001) post-MCAO. Repair of the CCA returned perfusion to baseline (94.152 ± 2.44%) levels and perfusion was significantly improved compared to CCA ligation at both 24 h (102.83 ± 8.41%; P < 0.05) and 48 h (102.13 ± 9.34%; P < 0.001) post-MCAO.

Conclusions: Our findings show CCA repair, an alternative surgical approach for MCAO, results in improved ischemic hemisphere perfusion during the acute phase.
The IMPDH inhibitor merimepodib provided in combination with the adenosine analogue remdesivir reduces SARS-CoV-2 replication to undetectable levels in vitro
Authors: Bukreyeva Natalya , Sattler Rachel A. , Mantlo Emily K. , Wanninger Timothy , Manning John T. , Huang Cheng , Paessler Slobodan , Zeldis Jerome B.
Published: May 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in over 2.5 million confirmed cases and 170,000 deaths worldwide as of late April 2020. The pandemic currently presents major public health and economic burdens worldwide. No vaccines or therapeutics have been approved for use to treat COVID-19 cases in the United States despite the growing disease burden, thus creating an urgent need for effective treatments. The adenosine analogue remdesivir (REM) has recently been investigated as a potential treatment option, and has shown some activity in limiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. We previously reported that the IMPDH inhibitor merimepodib (MMPD) provides a dose-dependent suppression of SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Here, we report that a 4-hour pre-treatment of Vero cells with 2.5µM MMPD reduces the infectious titer of SARS-CoV-2 more effectively than REM at the same concentration. Additionally, pre-treatment of Vero cells with both REM and MMPD in combination reduces the infectious titer of SARS-CoV-2 to values below the detectable limit of our TCID50 assay. This result was achieved with concentrations as small as 1.25 µM MMPD and 2.5 µM REM. At concentrations of each agent as low as 0.31 µM, significant reduction of viral production occurred. This study provides evidence that REM and MMPD administered in combination might be an effective treatment for COVID-19 cases.
Interpreting cost-effectiveness ratios in a cost-effectiveness analysis of risk-tailored prostate screening: A critique of Callender et al.
Authors: O'Mahony James F.
Published: May 2020

Callenderet al.recently published a model-based cost-effectiveness analysis of a risk-tailored approach to prostate cancer screening. It considers the costs and effects of prostate cancer screening offered to all men aged 55-69 without any risk selection and, alternatively, over a range of risk-tailored strategies in which screen eligibility is determined by a varying threshold of disease risk. The analysis finds that the strategy of screening men once they reach a 10-year absolute risk of disease of 5% or more is cost-effective in a UK context. I believe there are several problems with the study, mostly stemming from an incorrect interpretation of the cost-effectiveness estimates. I show that one reinterpretation of their results indicates that screening is much less cost-effective than the original analysis suggests, indicating that screening should be restricted to a much smaller group of higher risk men. More broadly, I explain the challenges of attempting to meaningfully reinterpret the originally published results due to the simulation of non-mutually exclusive intervention strategies. Finally, I consider the relevance of considering sufficient alternative screening intensities. This critique highlights the need for appropriate interpretation of cost-effectiveness results for policymakers, especially as risk stratification within screening becomes increasingly feasible.
Anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Carrillo-Larco Rodrigo M. , Altez-Fernandez Carlos
Published: May 2020

Background: This systematic review had three aims: i) to determine the frequency of anosmia (or other smell disorders) and dysgeusia (or other taste disorders) in COVID-19 patients; ii) to determine whether anosmia or dysgeusia are independently associated with COVID-19 diagnosis; and iii) to determine whether anosmia or dysgeusia are prognostic factors for impaired outcomes among COVID-19 patients.

Methods: On April 20th, 2020, we search MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science and MedXriv. We used terms related to COVID-19, smell and taste disorders. We selected case series, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies. We included studies with COVID-19 patients describing their symptoms; studies that compared smell and taste disorders between COVID-19 patients and otherwise healthy subjects; and studies comparing smell and taste disorders between COVID-19 severe and mild/moderate cases. Because of methodological heterogeneity and the limited number of results, a qualitative synthesis is presented.

Results: From 31 reports, we selected six (n=2,757). Six studies reported the proportion of smell and taste disorders among COVID-19 patients. Two reports studied whether smell and taste disorders were independently associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. No reports studied the association with impaired outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The frequency of anosmia ranged between 22%-68%. The definition of taste disorders varied greatly, with dysgeusia present in 33% and ageusia in 20%. People who reported loss of smell and taste had six-fold higher odds of being COVID-19 positive; similarly, anosmia and ageusia were associated with 10-fold higher odds of COVID-19 diagnosis.

Conclusions: The frequency of smell and taste disorders is as high as other symptoms, thus, at least anosmia for which the definition was more consistent, could be included in lists of COVID-19 symptoms. Although there is promising evidence, it is premature to conclude that smell and taste disorders are strongly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis.

Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020181308
АНАЛИЗ ИННОВАЦИОННОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОГО СЕКТОРА ВЛАДИМИРСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ТЕОРИИ ГРАФОВ
Authors: Kudryakov Roman Igorevich
Published: May 2020

Данная статья посвящена использованию математических инструментов при проведении анализа инновационного развития промышленного сектора в региональном аспекте. Выявлено, что внедрение инноваций положительно воздействуют на синергетический эффект при взаимодействии на сектора экономики, тем самым, выражается данное влияние на системе показателей. Однако, подробной детализации причин этимологии данных показателей практически не сформированы или вовсе отсутствуют. Поэтому, особое значение в статье уделяется практическому применению теории графов. Особенность этого метода состоит в том, что в исследованиях подобного типа он не применялся, что обозначает высокий уровень актуальности и практической значимости, так как, благодаря этому методу, возникает возможность выяснения причины возникновения ключевых проблем в отраслях промышленности региона, а также составлению необходимых рекомендаций, для быстрой нейтрализации данных сложностей.Цель исследования: Проведение анализа инновационного развития региона, с применением теории графов как метода, для обнаружения ключевых проблем, при проведении детализированного анализа инновационного развития промышленного сектора Владимирской области, с последующей разработкой мероприятий по стабилизации вышеуказанных негативных аспектов.Методы и методология: комплекс методов теоретического обоснования (описание, статистический анализ, сравнение, метод теории графов).Результаты исследования: выделены основные проблемы при помощи комплексного анализа инновационного развития региона с применением метода теории графов, а также разработаны рекомендации по стабилизации текущих проблемных моментов в промышленном секторе области.Научная новизна: использование метода теории графов при анализе инновационного развития промышленного сектора, а также разработка мер по стабилизации проблемных аспектов в конкретной отрасли внутри сектора.Области применения результатов: Полученные, в рамках настоящего исследования результаты целесообразно использовать в анализе различных секторов экономики субъектов государства, а применение теории графов раскрывает детализацию и обуславливает причину возникновения конкретной проблеме при проведении исследования.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЙ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ: К ВОПРОСУ О ПОВЫШЕНИИ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ ВОСПРИИМЧИВОСТИ ПЕРСОНАЛА
Authors: Kutuzova Anastasia Valerievna , Yarkova Svetlana Anatolievna , Yakimova Lyubov Dmitrievna , Melnikova Elena Viktorovna
Published: May 2020

Цель настоящего прикладного исследования состояла в выборе управленческих решений по снижению сопротивления персонала железнодорожной организации внедрению инноваций. В статье проведено исследование понятия «инновационная восприимчивость», ее роль для инновационного менеджмента предприятий железнодорожной отрасли. С помощью методики Е.А. Ларичевой выявлен уровень инновационной восприимчивости работников локомотивных бригад Эксплуатационного локомотивного депо. Обоснована необходимость разработки системы управления инновационной восприимчивостью персонала. Разработан проект мероприятий по повышению инновационной восприимчивости рабочих локомотивных бригад исследуемого депо до среднего уровня, предполагающего наличие специалистов, способных осуществлять инновационную деятельность и проводить исследования, а так же способности персонала использовать результаты научных разработок других организаций, осуществлять управление инновационным процессом. Проект включает мероприятия по разработке программы развития компетенций рабочих по исследуемой проблеме; по внедрению системы стимулирования инновационной активности и создание информационной программы о планируемых инновациях. Выполнена оценка социального и экономического эффекта проекта. Выявлены вероятности рисков, связанных с предложенными мероприятиями. Подсчитана общая экономия затрат за счет условного высвобождения работников локомотивных бригад. Предложенная система управления инновационной восприимчивостью персонала может быть использована на аналогичных предприятиях железнодорожной отрасли.
БРЕНД РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО МУЗЕЯ КАК ФАКТОР ЕГО ПОСЕЩАЕМОСТИ
Authors: Marakulina Irina Viktorovna
Published: May 2020

Наличие большого числа концепций и теоретических подходов к оценке бренда в сочетании с возрастающей практической значимостью реализации бренд-менеджмента с учетом специфики конкретных отраслей и сфер деятельности приводит к развитию специальных исследований в отношении брендов музеев. Подчеркивается необходимость учета влияния маркетинговых стратегий и восприятия потребительской ценности на экономическую и социальную устойчивость музеев.Цель – эмпирическая проверка гипотезы о наличии взаимосвязи между уровнем осведомленности о брендах региональных музеев и показателями их посещаемости.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использованы монографический метод, описание, сравнение и обобщение, статистические методы и приемы.Результаты: получены данные об осведомленности целевой аудитории о брендах музеев муниципального образования город Киров, которые дифференцированы в отношении отдельных респондентов, отдельных музеев и отдельных индикаторов осведомленности. Выявлена статистически достоверная связь между показателями известности и посещаемости музеев.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять в маркетинговой деятельности музеев для реализации комплексного подхода к продвижению брендов с учетом достигнутых показателей осведомленности и характеристик целевой аудитории.
THE EXPERT-ACCOUNTANT’S PROFESSIONAL JUDGMENT IN THE ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Erokhina Ekaterina Igorevna , Motolyanets Marina Vladimirovna , Golubeva Natalia Andreevna
Published: May 2020

Целью научного исследования является изучение и идентификация генезиса понятий «профессиональное суждение бухгалтера», «профессиональное суждение аудитора» и «специальные знания», служащие основанием для формирования авторского подхода к трактовке понятия «профессиональное суждение эксперта-бухгалтера» на основе синергии знаний, навыков, компетенций, принципов и теорий экономических наук, Международных стандартов аудита, Международных стандартов финансовой отчетности, национальных стандартов бухгалтерского учета, Налогового и Гражданского кодекса РФ.Результаты. Полученные результаты исследования определили, что наибольшее внимание отечественных авторов уделяется раскрытию трактовок «профессиональное суждение бухгалтера» и «профессиональное суждение аудитора». Однако, несмотря на назревшую в последние годы необходимость в развитии теоретических основ в области судебно-бухгалтерской экспертизы, подходы к определению понятия «профессиональное суждение эксперта-бухгалтера» отсутствует, что негативно отражается формировании мнения эксперта-бухгалтера в рамках Арбитражного судопроизводства.В ходе исследования использованы общенаучные методы познания (наблюдение, сравнение, анализ, синтез, обобщение, индукция, дедукция, моделирование, исторический и логический методы, систематизация теоретического и практического материала), специальные методы (метод документальной и фактической проверки, инспектирование, запрос, подтверждение, аналитические процедуры и др.).
Newsvendor Decisions with Two-Sided Learning
Authors: Papanastasiou Yiangos
Published: May 2020

A substantial collection of work in operations management considers settings where a firm faces uncertain demand that depends on parameters that are ex ante unknown but can be learned by observing historical data. This work typically assumes that future demand is unaffected by the firm’s learning process. However, in the new era of social media, it is increasingly the case that the information used by the firm to gauge future demand (for example, sales and stockouts or consumer feedback) is now also observable to the consumers and may influence their purchase decisions. In this paper, we consider a newsvendor model where a product of ex ante unknown value is sold in an environment where learning is “two-sided” in that both the firm and the consumers learn the product’s value over time by observing the same information. The analysis establishes a consequential insight: When learning is two-sided, the value of information is often negative for the firm; as a result, the firm’ optimal stocking quantity is often lower than that under one-sided learning. Moreover, under certain conditions that we identify, we show that the optimal stocking quantity can be even lower than the critical fractile policy, in stark contrast to the recurring prescription found in existing literature of “stocking more” in the presence of learning. Additional results and numerical experiments suggest that the loss for the firm from failing to account for the two-sidedness of the learning process can be significant.

This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.