bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAMBURG - BERGEN - ROSKILDE
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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FRA TAHITI TIL AMALIENBORG
Authors: Christensen Charlotte
Published: March 2020

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H. C. ANDERSENS BREVE TIL ROBERT WATT 1865-1874
Authors: Topsøe-Jensen H.
Published: March 2020

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ANQUETIL DU PERRON
Authors: Meisner Povl
Published: March 2020

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ILLUSTRATIONERNE I ANATOMEN THOMAS BARTHOLINS PUBLIKATIONER 1641-1661
Authors: Snorrason E.
Published: March 2020

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NOVA DELINEATIO GRØNLANDIÆ ANTIQVÆ
Authors: Rønne Kejlbo Ib
Published: March 2020

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En students bogsamling fra 1572
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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THEODOR PETRÆUS OG DET KGL. BIBLIOTEKS EKSEMPLAR AF DEN ORTHODOKSE KONFESSION
Authors: Iversen Erik
Published: March 2020

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DRONNING LOUISES BOGSAMLING
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid
Published: March 2020

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STAMBØGER FRA TIDEN 1751-1800 I DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEK
Authors: Helk Vello
Published: March 2020

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BOGHANDLEREN JOACHIM MOLTKE OG HANS VIRKSOMHED 1626-1664
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid
Published: March 2020

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ET HEBRAISK SKRIFT MOD KRISTENDOMMEN - FRA ÅR 53?
Authors: Trautner-Kromann Hanne
Published: March 2020

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AN UNPUBLISHED LETTER BY BARTHOLI) GEORG NIEBUHR IN THE ROYAL LIBRARY
Authors: Badian E.
Published: March 2020

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BØGER OG BOGHANDLERE UNDER CHRISTIAN V
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid
Published: March 2020

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DEN UNGE C. J. THOMSEN SOM KUNSTSAMLER OG HANS FORHOLD TIL J. C. DAHL
Authors: Faaborg N. L.
Published: March 2020

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CHRISTIAN CASSUBE BOGHANDLER I KØBENHAVN 1650-1693
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid
Published: March 2020

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DIGTERNES VEN
Authors: Slots Johanne
Published: March 2020

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CHESTER BEATTY-BIBLIOTEKETS MANIKÆISKE PAPYRI
Authors: Giversen Søren
Published: March 2020

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KONRAD SIMONSEN
Authors: Thing Morten
Published: March 2020

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LEIF PANDURO
Authors: Chr. Jørgensen John
Published: March 2020

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DIGTSAMLINGEN FUGA
Authors: Svindborg Bruno
Published: March 2020

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Aage Remfeldt. En portrættør
Authors: Rønne Kejlbo Ib
Published: March 2020

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Luftfotografiet i Danmark 1890-1990
Authors: Dupont Henrik
Published: March 2020

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Oversigt over indhold i noteafsnittet
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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"Med passende ændringer"
Authors: Bolvig Axel
Published: March 2020

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Forfatterpræsentationer
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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Danska fotografer i Finland
Authors: Hirn Sven
Published: March 2020

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H. C. ANDERSEN-FOTOGRAFIER FRA FRIJSENBORG
Authors: Ochsner Bjørn
Published: March 2020

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PEDER RESENS NORDISKE BIBLIOTEK
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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„NYT" FRA NEU-RUPPIN OM DANMARKS SLESVIGSKE KRIGE
Authors: Garde Georg
Published: March 2020

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FORFATTERREGISTER
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

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LITTERATUR OM DANSK BOGVÆSEN TRYKT 1950-1990 TRYK, BIND OG BOGHANDEL CA. 1482-1920
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid
Published: March 2020

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BERTOLDUS' BIBEL
Authors: Petersen Erik
Published: March 2020

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'NU GJALDER LUREN'
Authors: T. Lauridsen John
Published: March 2020

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OVE GULDBERG OG BOGHANDLER J.G. ROTHE
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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INTRODUKTION TIL GEORG ENGELHARD LÖHNEYSSENS RIDEBØGER I DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEK
Authors: Düring Jørgensen Jesper
Published: March 2020

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MELLEM FILANTROPI OG MILITÆR KROPSKULTUR OG IDRÆTSPÆDAGOGIK I DANMARK
Authors: Kayser Nielsen Niels
Published: March 2020

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ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON I DANMARK
Authors: Bentzen Ruth
Published: March 2020

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CARL NIELSENS FØRSTE OPUS Problemer omkring tilblivelsen og førsteopførelsen af Lille Suite
Authors: Hauge Peter
Published: March 2020

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MERCATORS ATLAS FRA 1595 ATLAS SIVE COSMOGRAPHICAE MEDITATIONES DE FABRICA MUNDI ET FABRICATI FIGURA
Authors: Dupont Henrik
Published: March 2020

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„UNDERGRUNDSPRESSEN" I DANMARK 1940-45. SAMLINGER. LITTERATUR
Authors: T. Lauridsen John
Published: March 2020

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DANSK NAZISME PÅ TRYK
Authors: T. Lauridsen John
Published: March 2020

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DANMARKS FØRSTE FOTOGRAFI: ULFELDTS PLADS JUNI 1840
Authors: Berner Marie-Louise
Published: March 2020

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PIGEN MED DEN SKÆVE RYG
Authors: Hauge Peter
Published: March 2020

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WILHELMI OG DÜRENDAHL
Authors: Ilsøe Ingrid , Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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LUDWIG SENFL's „LUTHER-MOTETTER"
Authors: Kongsted Ole
Published: March 2020

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JAKOB KRAUSE, HANS LÆREMESTER OG HANS ELEV
Authors: P. ROHDE H.
Published: March 2020

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GEHEJMESTATSMINISTERENS BIBLIOTEK PÅ LEDREBORG OM ET 1700-TALS HERREGÅRDSBIBLIOTEK
Authors: H. Grønbæk Jakob
Published: March 2020

1
ET FORLAG TIL SALG JACOB PREUSSES LAGER AF FORLAGSSKRIFTER 1743
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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EN KONGELIG GAVE
Authors: Wagner Peter
Published: March 2020

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TYPETRYKKERNE
Authors: Westerbeek Dahl Bjørn
Published: March 2020

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VILLY SØRENSEN OG FILOSOFIEN I DANMARK, EN DRØFTELSE
Authors: Gosvig Olesen Søren
Published: March 2020

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EN FORTVIVLET ATHEIST - RAMS TESTAMENTE
Authors: Glebe-Møller Jens
Published: March 2020

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WHEN DOES THE MUSIC HISTORY OF THE NORDIC COUNTRIES BEGIN?
Authors: Christensen Louis
Published: March 2020

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ORATE PRO NOBIS
Authors: Petersen Erik
Published: March 2020

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DET ÆLDSTE HÅNDSKRIFT AF JYSKE LOV (CODEX HOLMIENSIS C 37)
Authors: Riis Thomas
Published: March 2020

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DANSKE KOMPONEREDE BIND ca. 1888-1900 BIDRAG TIL EN PRÆSENTATION
Authors: Ilsøe Harald
Published: March 2020

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EN SØNDERJYDE DER HAR BRAGT DE STØRSTE OFRE FOR SIN DANSKHED ØKONOMI og POLITIK I FRITS CLAUSENS UDVIKLING TIL 1931
Authors: T. Lauridsen John
Published: March 2020

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DESCARTES PÅ DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEK
Authors: Glebe-Møller Jens
Published: March 2020

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Om og af H. C. Andersen. H.C. Andersens samlede værker. Eventyr og Historier I-III. Udgivet af Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab
Authors: Dreyer Kirsten
Published: March 2020

OM OG AF H. C. ANDERSEN ANDERSEN. H.C. Andersens samlede værker. Eventyr og Historier I-111. Udgivet af Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab under redaktion af Klaus P. Mortensen. Udgivere: Laurids Kristian Fahl, Esther Kielberg, Klaus P. Mortensen, Jesper Gehlert Nielsen under medvirken af Finn Gredal Jensen. Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab/ Gyldendal 2003. 560 s. + 528 s + 488 s. Jackie Wullschlager: H.C. Andersen. En biografi. På dansk ved Pia Juul. Hans Reitzels Forlag. 2002. 504 s. Jens Andersen: Andersen. En biografi 1-2. Gyldendal 2003. 528 s. + 440 s
SKAL DEN KATOLSKE FORTID KOMME TIL ORDE? ANDERS SØRENSEN VEDELS DILEMMA VED UDGIVELSEN AF ADAM AF BREMEN I 1579*
Authors: Skovgaard-Petersen Karen
Published: March 2020

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FUND OG FORSKNING I DET KONGELIGE BIBLIOTEKS SAMLINGER IGENNEM 50 ÅR
Authors: Kolding Nielsen Erland , T. Lauridsen John
Published: March 2020

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POUL MARTIN MØLLER ET NYT FUND
Authors: Stewart Jon
Published: March 2020

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FRA J.P. JACOBSENS KREDS
Authors: Kühle Sejer
Published: March 2020

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DEN FØRSTE „FLORA DANICA"
Authors: Anker Jean
Published: March 2020

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Ole Borch i Portugal
Authors: Magnussen Ib
Published: March 2020

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PETER GRØNLAND 1761-1825
Authors: Dal Erik
Published: March 2020

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CASAUBONIANA
Authors: Magnussen Ib
Published: March 2020

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HVORNÅR TRYKTES DER FØRSTE GANG PÅ DANSK?
Authors: Toldberg Helge
Published: March 2020

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NADIR SHAH, CHRISTIAN VII OG WILLIAM JONES
Authors: Kirketerp-Møller Hertha
Published: March 2020

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UNGEDRUCKTE HERDERIANA IN KOPENHAGEN
Authors: M. Mitchell P.
Published: March 2020

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Durability of forest cover in the Ochotnica Valley (Gorce Mts.) and in the Solinka Valley (Bieszczady Mts.) in the 18th-21st centuries
Authors: Godziek Janusz , Szypuła Bartłomiej
Published: March 2020

Forests in the Carpathians are increasing their range mainly due to the expansion in former agricultural areas. In this study conducted for two valleys (88 and 69 km2 ) topographical maps from 18th to 20th century and an orthophotomap were used in order to determine the durability of forest cover. This durability is understood as the period of time during which a given area was presumably occupied by forest. A digital elevation model (DEM) and a digital surface model (DSM) of 1x1m resolution were applied to investigate the relationship between forest cover durability and altitude, slope, aspect and the mean height of trees. The variety of spatial structure of forest cover durability results mainly from the differences of the examined valleys accessibility. Positive correlation between forest cover durability and the mean height of trees and altitude found for both valleys. A directly proportional relationship between forest cover durability and slopes also occurs in the Solinka Valley.
Yo soy el virus: «storytelling» digital y cuentas ficticias en Twitter a propósito del coronavirus
Authors: Roig Antoni
Published: March 2020

La crisis sanitaria, social y comunicativa global que conocemos como la crisis del coronavirus tiene escasos precedentes. Y evoluciona de tal manera que lo que escriba a día de hoy puede haber dado un giro significativo en cualquier momento. Como en las buenas historias. Y esta es la aproximación que quiero darle en este artículo de COMeIN: centrarme en algunas manifestaciones de la crisis en las redes sociales, en forma de historias, ficcionadas o no.
La historia de Flash
Authors: Tardáguila César
Published: March 2020

En este relato de ficción, César Tardáguila nos ofrece un análisis sobre la evolución de Flash. Hoy en día, Flash es una de las principales plataformas para presentar audio y vídeo en la Web y su lenguaje de programación, ActionScript, está desbancando a otros conocidos lenguajes informáticos, como Java y .Net.
Critical Thinking
Authors: Haber Jonathan
Published: March 2020

How the concept of critical thinking emerged, how it has been defined, and how critical thinking skills can be taught.

Critical thinking is regularly cited as an essential twenty-first century skill, the key to success in school and work. Given our propensity to believe fake news, draw incorrect conclusions, and make decisions based on emotion rather than reason, it might even be said that critical thinking is vital to the survival of a democratic society. But what, exactly, is critical thinking? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Jonathan Haber explains how the concept of critical thinking emerged, how it has been defined, and how critical thinking skills can be taught and assessed.

Haber describes the term's origins in such disciplines as philosophy, psychology, and science. He examines the components of critical thinking, including structured thinking, language skills, background knowledge, and information literacy, along with such necessary intellectual traits as intellectual humility, empathy, and open-mindedness. He discusses how research has defined critical thinking, how elements of critical thinking have been taught for centuries, and how educators can teach critical thinking skills now.

Haber argues that the most important critical thinking issue today is that not enough people are doing enough of it. Fortunately, critical thinking can be taught, practiced, and evaluated. This book offers a guide for teachers, students, and aspiring critical thinkers everywhere, including advice for educational leaders and policy makers on how to make the teaching and learning of critical thinking an educational priority and practical reality.
Endogenous siRNAs promote proteostasis and longevity in germline-less Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Cohen-Berkman Moran , Dudkevich Reut , Ben-Hamo Shani , Fishman Alla , Salzberg Yehuda , Waldman Ben-Asher Hiba , Lamm Ayelet T , Henis-Korenblit Sivan
Published: March 2020

How lifespan and the rate of aging are set is a key problem in biology. Small RNAs are conserved molecules that impact diverse biological processes through the control of gene expression. However, in contrast to miRNAs, the role of endo-siRNAs in aging remains unexplored. Here, by combining deep sequencing and genomic and genetic approaches in Caenorhabditis elegans, we reveal an unprecedented role for endo-siRNA molecules in the maintenance of proteostasis and lifespan extension in germline-less animals. Furthermore, we identify an endo-siRNA-regulated tyrosine phosphatase, which limits the longevity of germline-less animals by restricting the activity of the heat shock transcription factor HSF-1. Altogether, our findings point to endo-siRNAs as a link between germline removal and the HSF-1 proteostasis and longevity-promoting somatic pathway. This establishes a role for endo siRNAs in the aging process and identifies downstream genes and physiological processes that are regulated by the endo siRNAs to affect longevity.
Gender difference in the association of coping styles and social support with psychological distress among patients with end-stage renal disease
Authors: Wang Qi , Liu Hongjian , Ren Zheng , Xiong Wenjing , He Minfu , Fan Xinwen , Guo Xia , Li Xiangrong , Shi Hong , Zha Shuang , Qiao Shuyin , Zhao Hanfang , Li Nan , Zhang Xiumin
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The study aimed to explore the association of coping styles and social support with psychological distress among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as gender differences in these associations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of 769 ESRD patients was conducted at 25 hospitals in Qiqihar City, China. All information was collected using structured questionnaires that were self-administered by the patients. Patients’ psychological health status, coping styles and perceived social support were measured using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Student’s t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binary logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis.

Results

A total of 72.3% of participants reported psychological distress, and the prevalence of distress was higher in females (77.0%) than in males (68.8%). The usage of the acceptance-resignation coping style was positively related to psychological distress (B = 0.459, P < 0.001). Social support level was negatively associated with psychological distress (B = −0.049, P < 0.001). The use of the confrontation style was negatively related to psychological distress in females (OR = 0.87, 95% CI [0.78–0.96]) but not in males (OR = 0.98, 95% CI [0.91–1.06]) (P for interaction term = 0.007).

Conclusions

Greater use of the acceptance-resignation style and lower social support are related to a higher risk of psychological distress. Greater use of the confrontation style is related to a lower risk of psychological distress in females but not in males.
How many ontogenetic points are needed to accurately describe the ontogeny of a cephalopod conch? A case study of the modern nautilidNautilus pompilius
Authors: Tajika Amane , Klug Christian
Published: March 2020

Recent advancements in tomographic techniques allow for detailed morphological analysis of various organisms, which has proved difficult in the past. However, the time and cost required for the post-processing of highly resolved tomographic data are considerable. Cephalopods are an ideal group to study ontogeny using tomography as the entire life history is preserved within a conch. Although an increasing number of studies apply tomography to cephalopod conchs, the number of conch measurements needed to adequately characterize ontogeny remains unknown. Therefore, the effect of different ontogenetic sampling densities on the accuracy of the resultant growth trajectories needs to be investigated. Here, we reconstruct ontogenetic trajectories of a single conch ofNautilus pompiliususing different numbers of ontogenetic points to assess the resulting accuracies. To this end, conch parameters were measured every 10°, 30°, 45°, 90°, and 180°. Results reveal that the overall patterns of reconstructed growth trajectories are nearly identical. Relatively large errors appear to occur where growth changes occur, such as the points of hatching and the onset of morphogenetic countdown before the attainment of maturity. In addition, a previously undocumented growth change before hatching was detected when measurements were taken every 10°, 30°, and 45°, though this growth change was obscured when fewer measurements were used (90° and 180°). The lower number of measurements also masks the subtle fluctuating patterns of conch parameters in middle ontogeny. We conclude that the measurements of a conch every 30° and 45° permit a reasonably precise description of conch ontogeny in nautilids. Since ammonoids were likely more responsive to external stimuli than to nautilids, a much denser sampling may be required for ammonoids.
Nonenzymatic oxygenated metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid, 4(RS)‐4‐F4t‐neuroprostane, acts as a bioactive lipid molecule in neuronal cells
Authors: Lee Yiu Yiu , Galano Jean‐Marie , Leung Ho Hang , Balas Laurence , Oger Camille , Durand Thierry , Lee Jetty Chung‐Yung
Published: March 2020

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an abundant fatty acid in the brain, is susceptible to auto‐oxidation in situ and releases metabolites such as F4‐neuroprostane (4‐F4t‐NeuroP). The presence of 4‐F4t‐NeuroP in the brain is not well explored. In this study, 4‐F4t‐NeuroP was introduced into neuroblastoma cells (SH‐SY5Y) and, by in vivo infusion, into rodents. Targeted lipidomic analysis of liver and brain tissues shows significant elevation of anti‐inflammatory hydroxylated DHA metabolites and an isomer of neuroprotectin D1, suggesting potential beneficial bioactivities of 4‐F4t‐NeuroP. Additionally, 4‐F4t‐NeuroP treatment in SH‐SY5Y cells and primary neuronal culture consistently upregulates the transcriptional level of the antioxidant enzyme heme oxygenase‐1, but the effect is reduced when 4‐F4t‐NeuroP is further oxidized. Our data suggest that 4‐F4t‐NeuroP could be neuroprotective in the native state but may have disadvantageous bioactivity when oxidized extensively.
Recent Developments in Enantioselective Multicatalyzed Tandem Reactions
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: March 2020

This review presents an update on the emerging field of enantioselective multicatalyzed tandem reactions published since the beginning of 2015. It illustrates how much the combination of different types of catalyst allows unprecedented enantioselective one‐pot reactions of many types to be achieved, allowing a direct access to a variety of very complex chiral molecules. Abbreviations: acac: acetylacetonate; Ar: aryl; Bn: benzyl; Boc: tert‐butoxycarbonyl; BPE: 1,2‐bis(2‐pyridyl)ethane; Bz: benzoyl; CAPT: chiral anion phase‐transfer; Cbz: benzyloxycarbonyl; cod: cyclooctadiene; Cy: cyclohexyl; dba: (E,E)‐dibenzylideneacetone; DBU: 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene; DCE: dichloroethane; de: diastereomeric excess; DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine; dme: 1,2‐dimethoxyethane; DPG: 1,3‐diphenylguanidine; dppe: 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; ee: enantiomeric excess; EWG: electron‐withdrawing group; Hept: heptyl; Hex: hexyl; L: ligand; MTBE: methyl tert‐butyl ether; MOM: methoxymethyl; MS: molecular sieves; Naph: naphthyl; NHC: N‐heterocyclic carbene; Pent: pentyl; Phth: phthaloyl; pin: pinacolato; Pybox: 2,6‐bis(2‐oxazolyl)pyridine; r.t.: room temperature; TEMPO: 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine 1‐oxyl; Tf: trifluoromethanesulfonyl; THF: tetrahydrofuran; TMP: 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine; TMS: trimethylsilyl; Tol: tolyl; triphos: bis(diphenylphosphinoethyl)phenylphosphine; Ts: 4‐toluenesulfonyl (tosyl).

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Cotton Revolution and Widow Chastity in Ming and Qing China
Authors: Liang Ruobing , Wang Xiaobing , Yamauchi Futoshi
Published: March 2020

The historical practice of widow chastity in China is regarded as an outcome of traditional Confucian thought. This study examines how economic factors played key roles in the formation of this cultural tradition by studying the causality between technological progress in the cotton textile sector and the increase in the number of widow chastity cases between the Ming and Qing Dynasties. We find that the incidence of widow chastity increased significantly with rapid technological change in the cotton textile sector and increased demands for female labor. This result remains robust when the issues of widow chastity selection and alternative economic and cultural channels are addressed.
A Prospective Study of Acute Blood‐Based Biomarkers for Sport‐Related Concussion
Authors: Meier Timothy B. , Huber Daniel L. , Bohorquez‐Montoya Luisa , Nitta Morgan E. , Savitz Jonathan , Teague T. Kent , Bazarian Jeffrey J. , Hayes Ronald L. , Nelson Lindsay D. , McCrea Michael A.
Published: March 2020

Objective

Prospectively characterize changes in serum proteins following sport‐related concussion and determine whether candidate biomarkers discriminate concussed athletes from controls and are associated with duration of symptoms following concussion.

Methods

High school and collegiate athletes were enrolled between 2015 and 2018. Blood was collected at preinjury baseline and within 6 hours (early acute) and at 24 to 48 hours (late acute) following concussion in football players (n = 106), matched uninjured football players (n = 84), and non–contact‐sport athletes (n = 50). Glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin c‐terminal hydrolase‐L1, S100 calcium binding protein B, alpha‐II‐spectrin breakdown product 150, interleukin 6, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and c‐reactive protein were measured in serum. Linear models assessed changes in protein concentrations over time. Receiver operating curves quantified the discrimination of concussed athletes from controls. A Cox proportional hazard model determined whether proteins were associated with symptom recovery.

Results

All proteins except glial fibrillary acidic protein and c‐reactive protein were significantly elevated at the early acute phase postinjury relative to baseline and both control groups and discriminated concussed athletes from controls with areas under the curve of 0.68 to 0.84. The candidate biomarkers also significantly improved the discrimination of concussed athletes from noncontact controls compared to symptom severity alone. Glial fibrillary acidic protein was elevated postinjury relative to baseline in concussed athletes with a loss of consciousness or amnesia. Finally, early acute levels of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist were associated with the number of days to symptom recovery.

Interpretation

Brain injury and inflammatory proteins show promise as objective diagnostic biomarkers for sport‐related concussion, and inflammatory markers may provide prognostic value. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:907–920
Working with the Nine Percent: The “meritocracy” of financialized capitalism
Authors: Eisold Kenneth
Published: March 2020

A new class, often referred to as a “meritocracy,” has arisen to manage the businesses, financial institutions, government agencies and think tanks that protect and enlarge the sway of the “one percent” that constitute the oligarchy, those at the top of our society enjoying a disproportionate share of our wealth. Working with those “nine percent,” whose wealth accumulates from compensation rather than investment, allows us to see the volatility and insecurity that characterize their work lives, as the reward of wealth substitutes for stability and satisfaction from work they once more traditionally enjoyed. This paper gives examples from their work experience, going on to explore some of the consequences for the organizations in which they work as well as for society as a whole.
Actuarial risk assessment at sentencing: Potential consequences for mass incarceration and legitimacy
Authors: O'Hear Michael
Published: March 2020

The growing utilization of actuarial risk assessment instruments (RAIs) in the American criminal justice system may potentially lead to more restrained, better‐targeted uses of incarceration. However, critics have raised a variety of concerns regarding RAIs and suggested, among other things, that their incorporation into court procedures may tend to dehumanize defendants and exacerbate, rather than alleviate, mass incarceration. In response to such concerns, this article offers recommendations for policy and practice that may help an increasingly risk‐focused criminal justice system to achieve decarceration goals – and to do so without undermining its own legitimacy in the eyes of defendants or the public at large. These recommendations are aimed particularly at judges, in their roles as sentencers and makers of courtroom and courthouse policy.
Identification of prognostic long noncoding RNAs associated with spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma
Authors: Meng Xinyao , Fang Erhu , Zhao Xiang , Feng Jiexiong
Published: March 2020

Background

The association between long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma (NB) has rarely been investigated and remains unknown.

Objective

To identify prognostic lncRNAs involved in the spontaneous regression of NB.

Methods

Differential expression analyses were performed between those samples with an outcome of death in stage 4 NB group and those samples with an outcome of survival in stage 4S NB group in two independent public datasets, respectively. Univariate Cox proportional hazard regression survival analysis was performed in each of the entire cohort to identify those lncRNAs significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Those lncRNAs independently associated with OS were then identified by multivariate Cox survival analysis and used to construct an lncRNA risk score.

Results

A total of 20 differentially expressed and survival‐related lncRNAs were identified sharing between the two independent cohorts. The expression of each of these 20 lncRNAs was significantly correlated with the expression of NTRK1, which is a well‐known factor involved in NB spontaneous regression. Four lncRNAs (LNC00839, FIRRE, LOC283177, and LOC101928100) were identified to be significantly associated with survival independent with each other and a four‐lncRNA signature risk score was constructed. Patients with high lncRNA signature risk score had a significantly poorer OS and event‐free survival than those with low lncRNA signature risk score. The four‐lncRNA signature has a good performance in predicting survival independent with MYCN amplification (nonamplified vs amplified), age status (<18 months vs ≥18 months), risk status (low risk vs high risk), and International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS) stage (INSS 1/2/3/4S vs INSS 4).

Conclusions

We identified 20 survival‐related lncRNAs that might be associated with the spontaneous regression of NB and developed a four‐lncRNA signature risk score. The four‐lncRNA signature is an independent prognostic factor for survival of NB patients.
Prognostic stratification of molecularly and clinically distinct subgroup in children with acute monocytic leukemia
Authors: Liu Li‐Peng , Zhang Ao‐Li , Ruan Min , Chang Li‐Xian , Liu Fang , Chen Xia , Qi Ben‐Quan , Zhang Li , Zou Yao , Chen Yu‐Mei , Chen Xiao‐Juan , Yang Wen‐Yu , Guo Ye , Zhu Xiao‐Fan
Published: March 2020

Background

The prognosis of children with acute monocytic leukemia (AML‐M5) remains unsatisfactory and the risk profile is still controversial. We aim to investigate the prognostic value of clinical and cytogenetic features and propose a new risk stratification in AML‐M5 children.

Methods

We included 132 children with AML‐M5. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were documented. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors of prognosis.

Results

The 5‐year‐OS was 46.0% (95% confidence intervals, 41.6%‐50.4%) in all patients. There was significantly lower OS in the age ≤ 3 years old (P = .009) and hyperleukocytosis (P < .001). The FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) and MLL‐rearrangement carriers were associated with fewer survivors in all patients (37.1% and 36.7%) and chemotherapy‐only group (19.0% and 35.0%). Notably, the number of survivor with MLL‐rearrangement did not increase in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) group. According to the Cox regression analysis, HSCT was a significantly favorable factor (P = .001), while hyperleukocytosis, age ≤ 3 years old, and BM blast ≥ 70% adversely affected the OS in all patients (all P < .05). Additionally, FLT3‐ITD was a risk factor for OS in the chemotherapy‐only group (P = .023), while hyperleukocytosis and age ≤ 3 years independently contributed to poor PFS (both P < .05). In comparison to the standard‐risk group, significant poorer outcome was found in the high‐risk group (both P < .005).

Conclusions

We propose that AML‐M5 children with any of MLL‐rearrangement, FLT3‐ITD, hyperleukocytosis, BM blast ≥ 70%, or age ≤ 3 years old are classified into the high‐risk group, and HSCT is beneficial especially in patients with FLT3‐ITD mutation, hyperleukocytosis, and age ≤ 3 years old. Importantly, the choice of HSCT should be made more carefully in children with MLL‐rearrangement for its suboptimal performance.
Yldiide Ligands as Building Blocks for Polynuclear Coinage Metal Complexes: Metal Squares, Triangles and Chains
Authors: Johnson Alice , Gimeno M. Concepción
Published: March 2020

Yldiides have unique electronic properties and donor abilities, but as ligands in transition metal complexes they are scarcely represented in the literature. Here, the controlled synthesis of a series of polynuclear gold yldiide complexes derived from triphenyl(cyanomethyl)phosphonium bromide, [Ph3PCH2CN]Br, under mild conditions is described. Anionic dinuclear NBu4[(AuX)2{C(CN)PPh3}] (X=Cl, C6F5) or trinuclear derivatives NBu4[Au3X2{C(CN)PPh3}] bearing terminal chloride or pentafluorophenyl groups and bridging yldiide ligands have been prepared. These compounds evolve in solution giving rise to the formation of an unprecedented tetrameric gold cluster, [Au4{C(CN)PPh3}4], by the loss of the gold complex NBu4[AuX2]. This gold cluster can also be prepared in high yield by a transmetalation reaction from the analogous tetrameric silver cluster, and two geometric isomers have been characterised, their formation dependent on the synthetic route. The triphenylphosphonium cyanomethyldiide ligand has also been used to build different dinuclear and trinuclear cationic complexes bearing phosphine or diphosphine ancillary ligands and bridging yldiide moieties. Further coordination through the cyano group of the yldiide ligand gives heterometallic trinuclear or pentanuclear derivatives. Structural characterisation of many of these compounds reveals the presence of complex molecular systems stabilised by gold⋅⋅⋅gold interactions and bridging yldiide ligands.
Ternary Organic Solar Cells Based on Two Non‐fullerene Acceptors with Complimentary Absorption and Balanced Crystallinity
Authors: Xie Lan , Yang Chen , Zhou Ruimin , Wang Zhen , Zhang Jianqi , Lu Kun , Wei Zhixiang
Published: March 2020

Summary of main observation and conclusion

The ternary blend structure has been demonstrated as an effective approach to increase the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells. An effective approach to enhance the power conversion efficiency of ternary solar cells is based on two non‐fullerene acceptors with complimentary absorption range and balanced crystallinity. In this work, we have introduced a high crystallinity small‐molecule acceptor, named C8IDTT‐4Cl with appropriate alkyl side chains into a low crystalline blend of conjugated polymer donor PBDT‐TPD and fused‐ring electron acceptor ITIC‐4F. A ternary device based on the blend PBDT‐TPD:ITIC‐4F:C8IDTT‐4Cl exhibits a best power conversion efficiency of 9.51% with a simultaneous improvement of the short‐circuit current density to 18.76 mA·cm–2 and the fill factor up to 67.53%. The absorption onset for C8IDTT‐4Cl is located at 900 nm, so that the well complementary light absorption is beneficial to the photocurrent. In addition, the existence of high crystallinity C8IDTT‐4Cl in the ternary device is found helpful to modulate crystallinity, improve heterojunction morphologies and stacking structure, therefore to realize higher charge mobility and better performance.
Impelling TLR9: Road to perspective vaccine for visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Tiwari Rohit Kumar , Gupta Chhedi Lal , Bajpai Preeti
Published: March 2020

Recent trends in immunotherapy have shown enthusiasm in exploring Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) for designing therapeutical interventions against numerous deadly diseases. TLRs are subfamily of pathogen recognition receptor playing pivotal role in innate immunity. TLR9 is one such critical member belonging to intracellular TLRs which is associated with mounting inflammatory response in response to intruders. Explorative studies have shown CG motifs from the prokaryotic origin as activators of TLR9 culminating in the expression of NFκB. These CG rich short stranded DNA sequences have been further delineated into different classes based on their structural specificities and immunomodulatory properties. Here we discuss the progress of how activation of TLR9 can be utilized with novel parasitic CpG islands to function as potential adjuvants specifically against protozoan parasitic diseases primarily visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani.
Electrophysiological signatures of visual statistical learning in 3‐month‐old infants at familial and low risk for autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Marin Andrew , Hutman Ted , Ponting Carolyn , McDonald Nicole M. , Carver Leslie , Baker Elizabeth , Daniel Manjari , Dickinson Abigail , Dapretto Mirella , Johnson Scott P. , Jeste Shafali S.
Published: March 2020

Visual statistical learning (VSL) refers to the ability to extract associations and conditional probabilities within the visual environment. It may serve as a precursor to cognitive and social communication development. Quantifying VSL in infants at familial risk (FR) for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) provides opportunities to understand how genetic predisposition can influence early learning processes which may, in turn, lay a foundation for cognitive and social communication delays. We examined electroencephalography (EEG) signatures of VSL in 3‐month‐old infants, examining whether EEG correlates of VSL differentiated FR from low‐risk (LR) infants. In an exploratory analysis, we then examined whether EEG correlates of VSL at 3 months relate to cognitive function and ASD symptoms at 18 months. Infants were exposed to a continuous stream of looming shape pairs with varying probability that the shapes would occur in sequence (high probability‐deterministic condition; low probability‐probabilistic condition). EEG was time‐locked to shapes based on their transitional probabilities. EEG analysis examined group‐level characteristics underlying specific components, including the late frontal positivity (LFP) and N700 responses. FR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the probabilistic condition, whereas LR infants demonstrated increased LFP and N700 response to the deterministic condition. LFP at 3 months predicted 18‐month visual reception skills and not ASD symptoms. Our findings thus provide evidence for distinct VSL processes in FR and LR infants as early as 3 months. Atypical pattern learning in FR infants may lay a foundation for later delays in higher level, nonverbal cognitive skills, and predict ASD symptoms well before an ASD diagnosis is made.
A forest‐specialist carnivore in the middle of the desert?Comments on Anabalon et al. 2019
Authors: Moreira‐Arce Darío , Silva‐Rodríguez Eduardo A. , Napolitano Constanza , D’Elía Guillermo , Cabello Javier , Millán Javier , Hidalgo‐Hermoso Ezequiel , Farías Ariel A.
Published: March 2020

We present comments on an article recently published in Ecology and Evolution (“High‐resolution melting of the cytochrome B gene in fecal DNA: A powerful approach for fox species identification of the Lycalopex genus in Chile”) by Anabalon et al. that reported the presence of Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes), a temperate forest specialist, in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of northern Chile. We argue that this putative record lacks ecological support in light of ongoing research on this endangered species, and contains numerous methodological flaws and omissions related to the molecular identification of the species. Based on these issues, we suggest the scientific community and conservation decision‐makers disregard the alleged presence of the Darwin's fox in the Atacama Desert.
Evaluation of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and uric acid in vericiguat‐treated patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Kramer Frank , Voss Sebastian , Roessig Lothar , Igl Bernd‐Wolfgang , Butler Javed , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Maggioni Aldo P. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Pieske Burkert
Published: March 2020

Aims

The effects of vericiguat vs. placebo on high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum uric acid (SUA) were assessed in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the Phase 2 SOCRATES‐REDUCED study (NCT01951625).

Methods and results

Changes from baseline hsCRP and SUA values at 12 weeks with placebo and vericiguat (1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg, respectively) were assessed. The probability of achieving an hsCRP value of ≤3.0 mg/L or SUA value of <7.0 mg/dL at week 12 was tested. Median baseline hsCRP and SUA levels were 3.68 mg/L [interquartile range (IQR) 1.41–8.41; n = 335] and 7.80 mg/dL (IQR 6.40–9.33; n = 348), respectively. Baseline‐adjusted mean percentage changes in hsCRP were 0.2%, −19.5%, −24.3%, −25.7% and −31.9% in the placebo and vericiguat 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg groups, respectively; significance vs. placebo was observed in the vericiguat 10.0 mg group (P = 0.035). Baseline‐adjusted mean percentage changes in SUA were 5.0%, −1.3%, −1.1%, −3.5% and −5.3% in the placebo, and vericiguat 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg groups, respectively; significance vs. placebo was observed in the 5.0 mg and 10.0 mg groups (P = 0.0202 and P = 0.004, respectively). Estimated probability for an end‐of‐treatment hsCRP value of ≤3.0 mg/L and SUA value of <7.0 mg/dL was higher with vericiguat compared with placebo. The effect was dose‐dependent, with the greatest effect observed in the 10.0 mg group.

Conclusions

Vericiguat treatment for 12 weeks was associated with reductions in hsCRP and SUA, and a higher likelihood of achieving an hsCRP value of ≤3.0 mg/L and SUA value of <7.0 mg/dL.
Analysis of the relationship between LSTM network traffic flow prediction performance and statistical characteristics of standard and nonstandard data
Authors: Doğan Erdem
Published: March 2020

The effectiveness of road traffic control systems can be increased with the help of a model that can accurately predict short‐term traffic flow. Therefore, the performance of the preferred approach to develop a prediction model should be evaluated with data sets with different statistical characteristics. Thus a correlation can be established between the statistical properties of the data set and the model performance. The determination of this relationship will assist experts in choosing the appropriate approach to develop a high‐performance short‐term traffic flow forecasting model. The main purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the long short‐term memory network (LSTM) approach's short‐term traffic flow prediction performance and the statistical properties of the data set used to develop the LSTM model. In order to reveal these relationships, two different traffic prediction models with LSTM and nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) approaches were created using different data sets, and statistical analyses were performed. In addition, these analyses were repeated for nonstandardized traffic data indicating unusual fluctuations in traffic flow. As a result of the analyses, LSTM and NAR model performances were found to be highly correlated with the kurtosis and skewness changes of the data sets used to train and test these models. On the other hand, it was found that the difference of mean and skewness values of training and test sets had a significant effect on model performance in the prediction of nonstandard traffic flow samples.
Causal associations of thyroid function and dysfunction with overall, breast and thyroid cancer: A two‐sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Kar Siddhartha , Vithayathil Mathew , Carter Paul , Mason Amy M. , Burgess Stephen , Larsson Susanna C.
Published: March 2020

Whether thyroid dysfunction plays a causal role in the development of cancer remains inconclusive. We conducted a two‐sample Mendelian randomization study to investigate the associations between genetic predisposition to thyroid dysfunction and 22 site‐specific cancers. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with four traits of thyroid function were selected from a genome‐wide association meta‐analysis with up to 72,167 European‐descent individuals. Summary‐level data for breast cancer and 21 other cancers were extracted from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (122,977 breast cancer cases and 105,974 controls) and UK Biobank (367,643 individuals). For breast cancer, a meta‐analysis was performed using data from both sources. Genetically predicted thyroid dysfunction was associated with breast cancer, with similar patterns of associations in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium and UK Biobank. The combined odds ratios of breast cancer were 0.94 (0.91–0.98; p = 0.007) per genetically predicted one standard deviation increase in TSH levels, 0.96 (0.91–1.00; p = 0.053) for genetic predisposition to hypothyroidism, 1.04 (1.01–1.07; p = 0.005) for genetic predisposition to hyperthyroidism and 1.07 (1.02–1.12; p = 0.003) per genetically predicted one standard deviation increase in free thyroxine levels. Genetically predicted TSH levels and hypothyroidism were inversely with thyroid cancer; the odds ratios were 0.47 (0.30–0.73; p = 0.001) and 0.70 (0.51–0.98; p = 0.038), respectively. Our study provides evidence of a causal association between thyroid dysfunction and breast cancer (mainly ER‐positive tumors) risk. The role of TSH and hypothyroidism for thyroid cancer and the associations between thyroid dysfunction and other cancers need further exploration.
Study of mechanism and kinetic modeling of CO hydrogenation reaction over the impregnated Co‐Ni/Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Arsalanfar Maryam , Fatemi Mahdi , Mirzaei Nima , Abdouss Majid , Rezazadeh Esmaeil
Published: March 2020

An investigation of the kinetic and mechanism of CO hydrogenation reaction was performed on impregnated Co‐Ni/Al2O3. Determination of kinetic parameters from the experiments was carried out in a micro fixed‐bed reactor. Kinetic evaluations were performed under various operational conditions of T = 473–673 K, p = 1–14 bar, H2/CO = 1–3, and GHSV = 4,500 hr−1. Kinetic models and rate equations for CO consumption were obtained by using two main‐type rate equations of Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson (LHHW) and Eley‐Rideal (ER). Estimation of various kinetic parameters was performed using a nonlinear regression method. According to the obtained experimental results and using statistical criteria, one kinetic expression based on the LHHW mechanism (‐rCO = kp.bCO.PCO. bH2. PH2/[1+ bCO.PCO + bH2.PH2]2) was chosen as the best‐fitted model. For this fitted model, the activation energy was found to be 109.2 kJ/mol. Characterization of the catalyst was also performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), BET, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectrometer (EDS) techniques.
Response–reinforcer contiguity versus response‐rate–reinforcer‐rate covariance in rats' lever pressing: Support for a multiscale view
Authors: Baum William M. , Aparicio Carlos F.
Published: March 2020

The multiscale molar view sees behavior as a flow, like a river, extended in time. Matching theory expresses the way activities compete for time. Relative time taken by any activity depends on relative induction. The present experiment tested matching theory applied to concurrent contingent and noncontingent food. As adjunctive activities that compete with operant activity, we recorded hopper head entries and presses on a lever near the food hopper that had no programmed consequences. Eight naïve rats were first exposed to a variable‐time 60 s schedule, which across conditions was gradually transformed into a variable‐interval 60 s schedule by increasing the proportion of food that was delivered contingent on pressing a lever far from the hopper. Another group of 4 rats that had been trained to press a lever near a food hopper were introduced in the second condition, in which one food delivery was contingent on far‐lever pressing. We found induction following a power function to describe pressing on the far lever (operant activity). Matching theory combined with power‐function induction also accounted for adjunctive activity. Results with single contingent food deliveries provided little support for the molecular view that behavior consists of discrete responses “strengthened” by immediately following reinforcers.
Reactivity of some 3‐substituted‐6,8‐dimethylchromones toward some nucleophilic reagents
Authors: Badran Al‐Shimaa , El‐Gohary Nasser M. , Ibrahim Magdy A. , Hashiem Salsabeel H.
Published: March 2020

The reactivity of 3‐substituted‐6,8‐dimethylchromone derivatives 1‐5 was investigated toward selected nucleophilic reagents namely; 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, 2‐aminobenzimidazole, 7‐chloro‐4‐hydrazinoquinoline, and 5,6‐diphenyl‐3‐hydrazino‐1,2,4‐triazine. These nucleophiles were allowed to react with 6,8‐dimethylchromone‐3‐carboxaldehyde (1) through condensation with the aldehyde group with opening of γ‐pyrone ring giving compounds 6, 7, 10, and 11. Reactions with 6,8‐dimethylchromone‐3‐carbonitrile (2), and 6,8‐dimethylchromone‐3‐carboxylic acid (3) occur via attack at position 2 in both compounds followed by cycloaddition onto the nitrile function (in case of carbonitrile 2) or decarboxylation and cyclocondensation with the carbonyl group (in case of carboxylic acid 3). The current nucleophilic reagents reacted with simple condensation products 4 and 5, in boiling dioxane, through nucleophilic addition at the exocyclic vinyl bond followed by addition at the CN group giving 6,8‐dimethylchromone linked various heterocyclic systems 20‐27.
Ethnic variability in newborn metabolic screening markers associated with false‐positive outcomes
Authors: Peng Gang , Tang Yishuo , Gandotra Neeru , Enns Gregory M. , Cowan Tina M. , Zhao Hongyu , Scharfe Curt
Published: March 2020

Newborn screening (NBS) programmes utilise information on a variety of clinical variables such as gestational age, sex, and birth weight to reduce false‐positive screens for inborn metabolic disorders. Here we study the influence of ethnicity on metabolic marker levels in a diverse newborn population. NBS data from screen‐negative singleton babies (n = 100 000) were analysed, which included blood metabolic markers measured by tandem mass spectrometry and ethnicity status reported by the parents. Metabolic marker levels were compared between major ethnic groups (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White) using effect size analysis, which controlled for group size differences and influence from clinical variables. Marker level differences found between ethnic groups were correlated to NBS data from 2532 false‐positive cases for four metabolic diseases: glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA‐1), methylmalonic acidemia (MMA), ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD), and very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD). In the result, 79% of the metabolic markers (34 of 43) had ethnicity‐related differences. Compared to the other groups, Black infants had elevated GA‐1 markers (C5DC, Cohen's d = .37, P < .001), Hispanics had elevated MMA markers (C3, Cohen's d = .13, P < .001, and C3/C2, Cohen's d = .27, P < .001); and Whites had elevated VLCADD markers (C14, Cohen's d = .28, P < .001, and C14:1, Cohen's d = .22, P < .001) and decreased OTCD markers (citrulline, Cohen's d = −.26, P < .001). These findings correlated with the higher false‐positive rates in Black infants for GA‐1, in Hispanics for MMA, and in Whites for OTCD and for VLCADD. Web‐based tools are available to analyse ethnicity‐related changes in newborn metabolism and to support developing methods to identify false‐positives in metabolic screening.