bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Roast Beef of Old England
Authors: Newsinger John
Published: May 2005

The author examines the origins of the “mad cow” crisis in Britain, identifying the responsibility of the Conservative government with its policy of deregulation, and details government attempts to “cover up” the problem and to prevent discussion of the question of responsibility by conducting a campaign of anti-Europeanism. The possible public health consequences are considered.
Psychosomatic Aspects of Myocardial Infarction and Implications for Treatment
Authors: Kaufmann Michael W. , Pasacreta Jeannie , Cheney Ruth , Arcuni Orestes
Published: May 2005

Psychosomatic intervention with patients who have suffered myocardial infarction is directed toward prevention of complications, development of realistic coping strategies, working through emotions, reduction of stress, and modification of coronary prone behavior.
A New Approach to Effective Writing
Authors: Rathbone Robert R.
Published: May 2005

In practice, a writer serves as part of a communications system and must thoroughly understand the operation of the system if he is to produce effective writing. He must provide a reasonable signal-to-noise ratio for his readers by controlling semantic noise as well as mechanical noise. He must anticipate that psychological noise will arise if he does not eliminate ambiguity, vagueness, and outright meaningless phraseology. He must resist the temptation to sound “professional” and concentrate on satisfying his readers' needs.
A Caregiver's Quandary: How am I to Evaluate and Respond to the Other's Suffering?
Authors: Nabe Clyde
Published: May 2005

When is it appropriate and when is it not appropriate for caregivers to intervene to ease the suffering of others? Suffering is not desirable in itself, but only as a means to some end. If the end (for example, spiritual growth or personal autonomy) is more desirable than the suffering associated with the means (for example, suffering arising from chronic physical pain) is undesirable, then intervention may not be appropriate. As a general rule, the person best located to make such an evaluation of means and ends is the suffering person. There are some exceptions to this rule. Sometimes someone other than the suffering person (for example, a caregiver) may be better located to decide that the suffering should not be ameliorated. However, in making such a decision, careful communication between caregivers and care recipients is necessary to avoid imposing one person's values and beliefs on another.
Rhymes in Victor Hugo: Les Feuilles D'automne and Les Chansons Des Rues Et Des Bois
Authors: Brunet Étienne
Published: May 2005

This article is a comparative description of rhyme used in two of Victor Hugo's collections of poems, Autumn Leaves (1831), an early collection, and Songs of the Streets and Woods (1865), one of the later ones. The most frequent rhymes are ranked and briefly studied in terms of their semantic content and the grammatical categories they belong to. The last stressed vowel of each rhyme word is also examined in order to establish the dominant phonetic patterns present at line ends. Finally, the striking asymmetry in the ordering of frequent rhymes (“sombre” [dark] then “ombre” [shadow] rather than the reverse) is examined and explained.
A Comparison of Using a Microcomputer, Precision Teaching, and Worksheets to Master Basic Multiplication Facts
Authors: Vacc Nancy Nesbitt
Published: May 2005

Differences among the performances of third-grade students when using a microcomputer, worksheets, and precision teaching timing procedures for independent practice to master basic multiplication facts following process learning, were examined. Based on the data analyses, practice using the daily one-minute timings of precision teaching was the most effective strategy considering a time-cost ratio, although students preferred using the microcomputer for independent practice. Of particular importance, however, was the lack of change in student performance over a six-week period, despite daily drill-and-practice sessions. The practice of reserving the last part of daily lessons for independent practice in mathematics is not supported.
Workplace Violence: A Policy Statement
Authors: Delaurier Gregory F.
Published: May 2005

Alyona works as a bookseller on the third floor of a large bookstore located at Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusets. She often works at night (until as late as 10 or 11 p.m.), and she often works alone. At night, the third floor is usually deserted. Many transient and homeless people hang about the Square; most of them are benign, some are not. One late night, Alyona approached a man who seemed to be a customer searching for a book on the shelves. As she approached him, he turned, grabbed her by the throat, and threw her to the ground. He then ran off and out of the store. Though not physically injured, Alyona was, of course, terrified, and the outcome of this incident could have been much worse.
Quilting as Age Identity Expression in Traditional Women
Authors: Cheek Cheryl , Piercy Kathleen W.
Published: May 2005

A qualitative study using McCracken's (1988) multistage process for data analysis examined how women in three traditional cultures express themselves and their age identities in quilting. In semi-structured interviews, 10 Amish, 10 Appalachian, and 10 Latter-day Saint (Mormon) women discussed their quilting-related experiences, rewards that they receive from quilting, and the variety of ways in which quilting assists them in creating positive age identities. Results illustrated how quilting aided personal progress in building quilting-related skills and enlarging personal influence through owning quilting businesses, teaching and mentoring others, gaining respect as skilled artisans, and acting as guardians of family traditions.
The Political Economy of Health: A Useful Theoretical Tool for Health Education Practice
Authors: Minkler Meredith , Wallace Steven P. , McDonald Marian
Published: May 2005

Political economy is a broad theoretical framework which can help health educators better understand the many economic, political, and socio-historical forces which shape contemporary health problems, and our approaches to these problems. Its attention to the dynamics of race, class and gender, as these interact to effect the lives of individuals and broader social groups, makes a political economy approach an important supplement and complement to other macro and micro level theories at the base of health education practice. This article defines political economy, highlighting several of its key theoretical assumptions and describing their relevance for our understanding of health issues. Implications and applications then are provided demonstrating the utility of a political economy perspective in such diverse areas as occupational health education, physician-patient interactions, grass roots organizing and self help among African American women, and health care reform.
Suicide Note Themes and Suicide Prevention
Authors: Foster Tom
Published: May 2005

Objective:

The aim was to determine if suicide note themes might inform suicide prevention strategies.

Method:

The themes of 42 suicide notes from the Northern Ireland Suicide Study (major psychological autopsy study) were examined.

Results:

The commonest themes were “apology/shame” (74%), “love for those left behind” (60%), “life too much to bear” (48%), “instructions regarding practical affairs post-mortem” (36%), “hopelessness/nothing to live for” (21%) and “advice for those left behind” (21%). Notes of suicides with major unipolar depression were more likely than notes of suicides without major unipolar depression to contain the themes “instructions regarding practical affairs post-mortem” (67% versus 19%, p = 0.005) and “hopelessness/nothing to live for” (40% versus 11%, p = 0.049). Notes of suicides with a previous history of deliberate self-harm were less likely than notes of suicides without a history of deliberate self-harm to contain the theme “apology/shame” (58% versus 87%, p = 0.04). Notes of elderly suicides were more likely than non-elderly notes to contain the theme “burden to others” (40% versus 3%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

The fact that three quarters of suicide notes contained the theme “apology/shame” suggests that the deceased may have welcomed alternative solutions for their predicaments. Scrutiny of suicide note themes in the light of previous research findings suggests that cognitive therapy techniques, especially problem solving, may have an important role to play in suicide prevention and that potential major unipolar depressive (possibly less impulsive) suicides, in particular, may provide fertile ground for therapeutic intervention (physical and psychological). Ideally all primary care doctors and mental health professionals working with (potentially) suicidal people should be familiar with basic cognitive therapy techniques, especially problem solving skills training.
Cognitive and Behavioral Factors in Community-Based Malaria Control in Malawi
Authors: Glik Deborah C. , Rubardt Marcy , Nwanyanwu Okey , Jere Stan , Chikoko Augustine , Zhang Weiying
Published: May 2005

Monitoring of preventive health behaviors and their determinants at the level of households is an important component in field research for malaria control programs. Household members in twelve rural villages in south central Malawi participated in a study to show change over time in perceptions and behaviors in an area undergoing multiple malaria control interventions. Focus group interviews were used initially to elicit the major concepts villagers used to define and respond to the threat of malaria. A longitudinal household survey (T1: n = 2460; T2: n = 2149) measured biomedical or traditional knowledge about malaria causation and control, attitudes toward mosquitoes, barriers to taking preventive actions, and preventive behaviors defined as sanitation, traditional, or commercial methods to control mosquitoes. While adherence to traditional beliefs and behaviors was found among some, the majority of respondents also had adopted many biomedical beliefs and attitudes about malaria causation. Changes reflected both national and local initiatives to improve health status and control malaria. Behaviors changed over time and were associated with a village level intervention and with structural, situational, and cognitive attributes of respondents.
Social Context Variables Affecting the Implementation of Microcomputers
Authors: McGee Glenn W.
Published: May 2005

Although technological innovations have been widely adopted in elementary schools, efforts to implement these have generally not been successful. Past research on innovation has largely ignored the social context in which implementation occurs. This research examines how the implementation of the microcomputer is affected by traditional social context variables of socioeconomic status (SES), school size, and grade span as well as by “content specific” social context variables such as the type of computer, the length of time schools have owned computers, and student to computer ratio. Findings from the study of implementation in a random sample of 128 elementary schools indicate that SES and student to computer ratio have a strong, significant impact on the level of computer implementation. SES also interacts with school size and grade span to affect the progress of implementation.
The Influence of Story, Plot, and Genre on Memory for Action in a Film
Authors: Cowen Paul S. , Lebel Alain
Published: May 2005

This study compared recall of action in narrative film scenes that vary with regard to their necessity for the story, their typicality of the film's genre, and their function in the exposition or narrative development. These variables were dichotomized yielding a 2 × 2 × 2 design in which each of the eight combinations of levels was represented by a specific scene. Recall of action was tested for each scene immediately after viewing the film and one week later. Scenes that were necessary, typical, or that developed the narrative were recalled in greater detail but only narrative development significantly increased the probability of recalling a scene's key action. Atypical scenes were better recalled during exposition but typical scenes were better recalled during narrative development. There were no significant effects associated with delaying recall for one week, nor with the ordinal position or amount of information in a scene. Results suggest that as the narrative develops, an event schema takes precedence over generic scripts in processing story information. Results are also discussed in terms of a “Script pointer plus tag” model and it is suggested that plot and story may have different memory representations.
The Interplay between Narrative, Education, and Exposition in an Emerging Science
Authors: Battalio John T.
Published: May 2005

Drawing upon eleven volumes of articles published between 1890 and 1990 in The Auk, journal of American ornithology, this study shows the path to professionalization through four phases of ornithological discourse history. In the science of ornithology, the interests of conservationists, science students, and scientists themselves were originally served by a single discourse form—the personal narrative of natural history. But, with professionalization, scientists increasingly associated such narratives with amateur performance. The resulting gap between professional science and public understanding of science was reinforced by the establishment of a university program of study in ornithology, by an emerging sense of a scientific community, and by the forces of environmentalism.
Themes in Reminiscence Groups with Older Women
Authors: Burnside Irene
Published: May 2005

The preponderance of older women in the United States is apparent to all professionals in health care for elderly individuals. Because there is much emphasis on health care promotion for all age groups, providers of health care seek strategies for health promotion for older women. Although the literature is replete with information on reminiscence in general, and specifically reminiscence group therapy, there has been little discussion about the use of themes in reminiscence therapy groups. There are no publications about themes appropriate for reminiscence groups composed solely of older women. This article is based on three research studies and analyzes themes used in the three protocols for those studies. Appropriate themes for an all women's group are discussed and implications for practice are suggested.
Prevalence and Patterns of Discrimination among U.S. Health Care Consumers
Authors: LaVeist Thomas A. , Rolley Nicole C. , Diala Chamberlain
Published: May 2005

The authors examine the prevalence and patterns of perceived discrimination in the U.S. health care system and examine social status variables as determinants, using data from the Commonwealth Fund's Minority Health Survey. The primary social status groups of interest are age, race, ethnicity, social class, sex, and health status. Each social status category placed respondents at greater risk of perceiving discrimination based on the corresponding source of discrimination. That is, younger respondents were more likely to perceive age discrimination than were older respondents. African Americans and Hispanics perceived more race discrimination than whites. Low-income individuals experienced class discrimination, women experienced sex discrimination, and individuals who reported being in poor health were more likely to perceive discrimination based on health or disability status.
Emotion Makes Daydreams More Dreamlike, More Symbolic
Authors: Hartmann Ernest , Kunzendorf Robert G. , Baddour Ann , Chapwick Michelle , Eddins Michelle , Krueger Christopher , Latraverse Tanya , Shannon Reagan
Published: May 2005

Two experiments investigating the effect of emotion on daydreaming were conducted. In Experiment 1, 44 subjects described a recent daydream and a memorable daydream, a laboratory-generated daydream without concurrent emotion and a laboratory-generated daydream with intensified emotion, plus a recent dream and a memorable dream. Two judges independently rated the dreamlikeness of each description on a blind basis. The daydreams generated during intensified emotion were judged to be significantly more dreamlike than all the other daydreams averaged together. The dreamlikeness scores for the daydreams generated during intensified emotion were almost identical to the drearnlikeness scores for the most recent dreams. In Experiment 2, 62 subjects described a topic-specific dream from memory, a topic-specific daydream from memory, a topic-specific daydream generated without concurrent emotion, a topic-specific daydream generated during intensified emotion, a topic-specific daydream generated after emotion-related thinking, a topic-specific daydream generated under hypnosis, and a topic-specific daydream generated during hypnotically intensified emotion. Two judges independently rated each description on a bizarreness scale and a symbolicvalue scale (ranging from “definitely only one level of meaning” to “definitely more than one level of meaning”). The topic-specific daydreams generated during intensified emotion, averaged across wakeful and hypnotic conditions, were judged to be as symbolic as the topic-specific dreams, and more symbolic than the other daydreams averaged together. This suggests that, when daydreams occur in the presence of an emotion, they picture or contextualize the emotion and appear more dreamlike, more symbolic.
Planning Health Education: Internet and Computer Resources in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Oyadoke Adebola A. , Salami Kabiru K. , Brieger William R.
Published: May 2005

The use of the Internet as a health education tool and as a resource in health education planning is widely accepted as the norm in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, access to computers and the Internet is quite limited in developing countries. Not all licensed service providers operate, many users are actually foreign nationals, telephone connections are unreliable, and electricity supplies are intermittent. In this context, computer, e-mail, Internet, and CD-Rom use by health and health education program officers in five states in southwestern Nigeria were assessed to document their present access and use. Eight of the 30 organizations visited were government health ministry departments, while the remainder were non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Six NGOs and four State Ministry of Health (MOH) departments had no computers, but nearly two-thirds of both types of agency had e-mail, less than one-third had Web browsing facilities, and six had CD-Roms, all of whom were NGOs. Only 25 of the 48 individual respondents had computer use skills. Narrative responses from individual employees showed a qualitative difference between computer and Internet access and use and type of agency. NGO staff in organizations with computers indicated having relatively free access to a computer and the Internet and used these for both program planning and administrative purposes. In government offices it appeared that computers were more likely to be located in administrative or statistics offices and used for management tasks like salaries and correspondence, limiting the access of individual health staff. These two different organizational cultures must be considered when plans are made for increasing computer availability and skills for health education planning.
Relationship between Suicide and Undetermined Causes of Death among the Elderly: Analysis of Italian Data from 1951 to 1988
Authors: Carollo Giovanni , De Leo Diego
Published: May 2005

In the aged an accurate estimation of the incidence of suicide may prove difficult. Many suicides may not be recognized insofar as they are carried out with “indirect” methods. It may be even easier to misinterpret causes of death when less violent, “softer” methods are used, as there is little real evidence for correctly interpreting the death. In our work, we analyzed data on causes of death in the Italian over-sixty-five population, with a view to testing the hypothesis of a possible transfer between causes of death, and to analyzing any correlation between suicide and undetermined or unknown causes of death, and any change in suicide methods, from 1958 to 1988. During this period there was a constant increase in the suicide phenomenon among the elderly. Like the findings of other countries, in Italy “soft” methods appeared to show a marked decrease. A marked increase was instead found in “hard” methods and in undetermined causes of mortality. The increase over the years in unclear causes could be due to an increase in the “underreporting” of suicides. By correlating overall suicide rates with rates of unknown causes of death, a clear inverse correlation between the two categories does not emerge. The hypothesis of a possible exchange between suicides and unspecified causes, is only confirmed by our data in the case of “soft” suicide methods. Some categories (such as “soft” suicides) may therefore be underestimated through incorrect attribution of deaths to different diagnostic categories, though the importance of underreporting should be assessed differently, taking into consideration the various suicide methods.
The Health Effects of Low-Dose Radiation on Atomic Workers
Authors: Sterling Theodor D.
Published: May 2005

The 15-year history of a study on the health effects of low-dose radiation on workers at the Hanford Atomic Plant in Washington State demonstrates different facets of political control by employers over investigations of employee working conditions. Evidence obtained through the Freedom of Information Act shows that the original study, under the guidance of Dr. Thomas Mancuso, an experienced and respected occupational health epidemiologist, was funded even though its design was thought to be inadequate in order to furnish proof to employees that their exposure levels were safe. When it turned out that the study might show an increase in cancer rates among plant employees, its control was transferred to the employer. Public reports by scientists working for the employer are at variance with independent analyses of the same data. Lessons from these events are that it may be necessary for organized labor to negotiate the conduct of occupational health investigations as part of negotiated settlements and for legal means to be developed to make health scientists accountable for actions that influence public health policies.
The Stream of Consciousness: XXVII. Defending Conscious Experience
Authors: Natsoulas Thomas
Published: May 2005

Weiskrantz's recent account of awareness is considered from a perspective that James bequeathed us. In opposition to the Intellectualists, James asks why a pure ego wielding purely conceptualizing acts is needed to give us awareness of relations and universals, inter alia. In opposition to Weiskrantz's Intellectualism, I ask how a commentary system, which has at its disposal only conceptual materials, can swoop down from on high to do the job of creating the experiences we undergo. Weiskrantz prefers the stronger of two positions concerning the relation of awareness to commentary that are consistent with his general view. On the minimal position, he would grant that experiences do takes place without commentary. However, no less so, he would conceive of consciousness as a matter of engaging in higher-order thought. He insists that one's firsthand apprehension of one's stream of experience or its components is carried out by, as it were, a higher agency: namely, a commentary system. Thus, none of our experiences is conscious unless appropriate judgment is passed upon it from outside and on high.
An Automated Research and Training System for Child-Clinical Populations
Authors: Deckner C. W. , Soraci S. A. , Blanton R. L. , Tapp J. T.
Published: May 2005

An automated laboratory that can be used in the study and training of child-clinical populations is described. In addition to enabling flexible and precise stimulus presentation, the system permits accurate response recording. These are requisites in research and training efforts concerned with such critical areas as errorless discrimination learning, adaptive generalization, and language acquisition. Training procedures that require the children to utilize visual, auditory, and bimodal stimuli can be automated with the system.
Selective Abortion: A New Moral Order? Consensus and Debate in the Medical Community
Authors: Bouchard Louise , Renaud Marc , Kremp Odile , Dallaire Louis
Published: May 2005

The authors discuss the results of a survey of the attitudes of Canadian and French (Picardie, Nord-Pas de Calais) physicians toward selective abortion of fetal anomalies detected by ultrasound, amniocentesis, or chorionic villus sampling. The study documents the threshold of acceptability of abortion of fetuses with selected anomalies, as well as the physicians' own perceptions of their role in the decision to abort. While there was no consensus among all Canadian physicians regarding the acceptability of abortion, more than 55 percent from France and Quebec would accept selective abortion of a fetus affected with trisomy 21, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, cystic fibrosis, Huntington's chorea, or spina bifida. In the province of Quebec, Anglophone physicians showed a greater acceptance of abortion than did their French-speaking colleagues. In reference to the physician's role in the decision to abort, French physicians are more directive than North American physicians. Cultural predispositions may explain these differences in attitudes.
Perceptions of Health Education of Selected Health and Social Service Providers in the Bahamas
Authors: Deveaux Audrey Marie , Darity William A.
Published: May 2005

Health education is a new component of the health care delivery system in the Bahamas. In the past, confusion and uncertainty was expressed regarding the contribution of health education to the health care services. The intention of this study was to investigate the perceptions of selected health and social service providers to health problems, their most likely solutions, and to health education and health education related issues in the Bahamas. A questionnaire was either mailed or hand delivered to 412 selected health and social service providers in New Providence and the Family Islands in the Bahamas. Of these 127 (31%) usable questionnaires were returned. A discussion of the study findings, study limitations, implications for health education and suggestions for future research are presented. The survey results showed that a majority of respondents indicated consistent support for health education and health education related issues. This support was evident even when responses were crosstabulated with such variables as age, profession, and years of experience in present occupation.
Public Relations in Media Center Administration
Authors: Kundu Mahima Ranjan
Published: May 2005

The article discusses why public relations are needed in media center operations. It says public relations is inevitable whether it is planned or not, therefore planning is important. Public relations programs should bring faculty and media personnel together in a spirit of cooperation to implement the many facets of educational technology. The article lists 1) the purposes and needs of a public relations program, 2) steps for organizing, 3) principles to follow, 4) some “don'ts” and, 5) ways to combat the “don'ts.”
Social Justice and the Demographic Transition: Lessons from India's Kerala State
Authors: Ratcliffe John
Published: May 2005

Kerala is a small, densely crowded state in South India. It is a poor state, even by Indian standards. Its per capita income of US$80 lies well below the all-India average of US$120, and it suffers from the lowest per capita caloric intake in India. Nevertheless, Kerala has managed to achieve the demographic transition from high (premodern) to low (modern) birth and death rates—something no other Indian state has been able to attain. Indeed, the magnitude of Kerala's fertility decline—the birth rate fell from 39 in 1961 to 26.5 in 1974—has never before been observed in a nation with comparable levels of income and undernutrition. Other indices of Kerala's social development are equally surprising: levels of literacy, life expectancy, female education, and age at marriage are the highest in India, while mortality rates, including infant and child mortality, are the lowest among Indian states.

But Kerala's anomalous and unexpected demographic trends and levels are not the result of the direct interventions designed to influence health and fertility levels elsewhere in India-conventional strategies of population control and health services delivery that thus far are notable for their failure to generate such positive results. Instead, Kerala's demographic levels evidently reflect a broad social response to structural reforms in its political economy.
The Implications of the Role of Models in Empirical Sciences for Constructing the Framework for Natural Language Communication Models
Authors: Zielinska Dorota
Published: May 2005

Communication practice can be aided significantly by good communication models. In this article, the author positions models of communication in natural language within a broader perspective sketched by the role of models used in empirical sciences in order to outline the foundational limitations for constructing linguistic/communication models.
Structural Conduciveness, Personality Characteristics and Death Anxiety
Authors: Nelson L. D.
Published: May 2005

Several writers suggest that social integration attenuates death anxiety. This hypothesized relationship is conceptualized as being a result of efforts to relieve cognitive dissonance. Since the magnitude of reward derived from social participation varies with social status, it is hypothesized that death anxiety varies directly with social status. Since position in the life cycle affects the salience of death and consequently the possibility of avoiding dissonance, it is hypothesized that death anxiety varies directly with age. The predictive power of these structural position variables was then compared to that of personality correlates of death anxiety.

Analysis of data from a statewide probability sample of male Virginia residents (N = 699) provided support for the hypotheses. Four dimensions of death anxiety were examined, and the structural and personality variables have nearly equivalent separate effects on two: death denial and death avoidance. Personality is a somewhat better predictor of death fear and reluctance to interact with the dying than are the social structural variables.
The Status of Micro-Computers in New Hampshire Public Elementary Schools
Authors: Clouse R. Wilburn , Panteli Angelo E.
Published: May 2005

This research reports on the status of micro-computer technology in the state of New Hampshire. Although the schools have increased in microintensity, there continues to be a strong need to bring more technology at the classroom level, if we are to restructure the learning process. The research suggests continued integration of technology at the classroom level in order to develop leaders and entrepreneurs for the twenty-first century.
Personal Constructs of Stimulus Sex Differences as Determined by Sex of Subjects
Authors: Volentine Susan Z. , Brodsky Stanley L.
Published: May 2005

The framework of personal construct theory was used to evaluate the differential perceptions of men and women stimulus persons as developed by male and female subjects. Results of four factor analyses revealed differential perceptions due to both the sex of the stimuli and the sex of the subject. Expressive traits were a central component of these results. Although the attribution of expressive traits was not dependent on the sex of the stimuli nor on the sex of the subject, women stimulus persons primarily were evaluated on this dimension by male subjects. In addition, female subjects were more certain of the attribution of negative traits and were surprisingly negative toward intelligent women.
Effects of Computer-Assisted Instruction on Mathematics and Locus of Control
Authors: Reglin Gary L.
Published: May 2005

This study investigated the effects of computer assisted instruction on basic skills mathematics achievement, and locus of control of minority students seeking admission to teacher education programs. A pretest/posttest experimental group design was used. CAI increased the mathematics scores and resulted in a more internal orientation.
Teaching Technical Writing in other Countries
Authors: Mitchell John H.
Published: May 2005

There is essentially no teacher training for technical writing overseas. Western Europe follows United Kingdom practices because English is the primary scientific and technical language and the U.K.'s ISTC has assumed leadership on the continent. In the U.K., teachers are primarily concerned with preparing students for the external examinations given by the City and Guilds for certification of technical writers; elaborate teacher-training programs are unnecessary for this. Canada has not yet expanded course offerings sufficiently to create a demand for teachers of technical writing. Australia has this year decided to implement the U.K. procedure. While all nations train their scientists, en passant, to communicate in their own disciplines, none trains teachers of technical writing specifically.
Work and Health in the Global Economy: Lessons from Developing and Industrialized Countries on the Impact of Work on Health
Authors: Siqueira C. Eduardo , Lemus Blanca , Levenstein Charles
Published: May 2005

Occupational and environmental health are dependent on the decisions made about the production of goods and services: the quality of our lives in the community and workplace and our well-being as workers, residents, and citizens are profoundly influenced by the technology employed in producing “our way of life.” We seek to understand the system of decision making about the use of humans and the natural environment in production; we want to know who is sitting at the table where decisions are taken and what drives their decisions; and we want to know how ordinary people can take their appropriate place at the table, so that they can protect their health and well-being. The global economy is not what it seems: a mythology has been created about globalization in which the marketplace is the only reality and nations and national identity—human agency—play only a minor role.
Population, Development, and the Environment: Trends and Key Issues in the Developed Countries
Authors: Commoner Barry
Published: May 2005

The quantitative relationship between environmental degradation (pollution) and the factors that influence it can be expressed by the identity: Pollution = population × (good/population) × (pollution/good), where “affluence” is expressed as good/population and the technology of production as pollution/good. Annual data for the emission of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides from mobile sources and for the use of pesticides and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer from agriculture, for the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the United States, were analyzed to determine the relative change in the three factors over the period 1970–1987. In each case the considerable variation in pollutant emissions among the different countries is most closely related to the concomitant change in the technology factor (pollution/good). In contrast, there is much less variation among the countries in the population and “affluence” factors, which are consequently uncorrected with the variation in pollutant emissions. The data show that the change in production technology is by far the most important of the several factors responsible for changes in pollution emission.
An Examination of Cores Surface Collected from the Williamson Site (44DW1): A Paleoindian Quarry-Related Site Located in Southeastern Virginia
Authors: Hill Phillip J.
Published: May 2005

Williamson (44DW1) is a quarry-related Paleoindian site located in southeastern Virginia. The site was studied between 1992 and 1994 and involved both excavation and uncontrolled surface collection. The surface collection portion of the investigation was conducted in the upland area of the site, where stratigraphic integrity was limited and a preponderance of exposed Paleo-indian lithic artifacts was present. Over the two-year period, 161 cores and core fragments were recovered. By type and quantity, the whole forms included: 29 bifacial-discoidal, 23 angular-spheroid-amorphous, 12 tabular-block, and 6 polyhedral-conical cores. Approximately 55 percent of the collected cores contained cortex. It was concluded that the Williamson site occupants prepared and used a wide variety of core sizes and shapes. This finding was thought to be related to the diversity of raw material present at Williamson, including nodules, tabular plates, cobbles, and boulders. Apparently, primary material deposits were more commonly quarried by the site occupants. Evidence of thermal alteration was poorly represented in the core collection, a finding perhaps related to the high lithic quality of the Williamson material. A significant portion of the non-bifacial cores in the collection was classified as angular forms, indicating that an opportunistic flake-removal strategy was likely operative, with little consideration given to material conservation while at the quarry. This view was corroborated by the wasteful discard of viable cores at Williamson.
A Current Perspective of Imagery in Psychoanalysis
Authors: Dosamantes-Alperson Erma
Published: May 2005

Two schools of thought concerning the value of imagery in psychoanalysis are contrasted. Discussion centers on the kinds of object relations manifested in the images of different types of patients, the role of imagery in internalizing particular analyst functions, and the value of attending to transference and countertransference images in promoting the forward movement of psychoanalytic treatment.
Giving Grief Words: Writing during Bereavement
Authors: Lattanzi Marcia , Hale Mary Ellis
Published: May 2005

The activity of writing as a coping mechanism during the process of grief is explored. This study is based on questionnaire responses from bereaved persons cared for by Boulder County Hospice's Follow-Up Services Team. Several facets of the writing experience are discussed: forms the writing has taken, whether the writing was spontaneous or structured, difficulties experienced in writing, disclosure of the writings, reactions of others to the writings, perceived helpfulness of the writing experience, and time during the grief process when writing was most helpful. Recognizing certain limitations on the use of writing during bereavement, this article focuses on the potential benefits for bereaved persons and encourages the consideration by caregivers of writing as a valuable coping tool.
Pawpaws, Persimmons, and 'Possums: On the Natural Distribution of Pawpaws in the Northeast
Authors: Murphy James L.
Published: May 2005

The northern distribution of the pawpaw ( Asimina triloba) is reviewed in terms of the likelihood that Iroquois populations were directly responsible for its extension into southern Ontario and western New York, a proposition advanced by Keener and Kuhns (1997). Their argument is flawed by ignoring or misrepresenting other probable means of dispersal and by coloring or selecting evidence to strengthen their case. It is concluded that natural dispersal by a variety of medium to large mammals is an adequate explanation, and there is insufficient reason to believe that Iroquois trade or warfare was a significant or even viable mechanism for the widespread growth of Asimina in the Carolinian biotic province of southern Ontario and western New York.
Personality Trait Absorption: An Exploratory Study of Opportunity and Capacity in Relation to Cannabis Use
Authors: Nelson Peter L.
Published: May 2005

Although the Tellegen Absorption Scale has been widely employed in recent years as a measure of personality Trait Absorption, it is argued that this simple score does not sufficiently discriminate true capacity for Absorption nor does it reveal the level of opportunity made for absorptive experiencing. This study operationalizes Capacity and Opportunity as two additional subscales appended to the Tellegen scale and, by employing the technique of Principal Components Analysis, five useful sub-dimensions are generated. Following on from this Author's earlier suggestion that personality Trait Absorption may be linked to cannabis use and depression, an exploratory study was conducted into the relationship of cannabis use, gender, self-perceived motivation loss and depression to observed levels of overall Absorption as well as to levels of Capacity and Opportunity for absorptive experiencing.
Congenital Heart Disease and Thanatological Research
Authors: Aisenberg Ruth B. , Rosenthal Amnon
Published: May 2005

Little research exists on the relationship between congenital heart disease (CHD) and thanatological variables. Many social, physical and psychological characteristics render patients with CHD rich sources of data which might be used to develop improved techniques of patient and parent management. Relevant aspects include erroneous ideas about CHD, patient's physical appearance and will to live, parental guilt and the use of prostheses and other devices. These are discussed.
The Use of Constant Observation in General Hospitals
Authors: Goldberg Richard J.
Published: May 2005

This study reports data describing a population of general hospital patients whose behavioral management required the use of constant observation (CO). In this retrospective chart review, the mean number of days of CO per patient was 3.8, with a median of 2.0 and a standard deviation of 14.8. The longest number of days of CO was twenty-four. The types of patients placed on CO included medically complicated suicide attempters, male trauma patients with personality disorder and substance abuse, elderly patients with delirium, patients in delirium tremens, and medical patients with concurrent severe psychiatric disorders. The majority of patients on CO had no psychiatric history. The clinical data presented provide a basis for policy development, as well as recommendations for financial and medicolegal management of this population.
A Retrospective Study of the Effect of an Athlete's Sudden Death on Teammates
Authors: Henschen Keith R. , Heil John
Published: May 2005

This study investigated the psychological effects of a teammate's sudden death on the remaining team members at the end of their collegiate careers (4 years later). The football players ( N = 10) were interviewed and answered a series of open-ended questions asking them for their feelings, emotions, and attitudes since the death of their teammate. The data were drawn from verbatim transcriptions of the interviews and were inductively content analyzed. The findings indicated: a) initially similar responses from teammates (shock and disbelief); b) mixed reactions concerning the influence of the event on individual lives; c) deep emotions during the interviews; and d) a diversity of defense mechanisms utilized by young men to deal with traumatic life events.
Self-Consciousness as the Monitoring of Cognitive States: A Theoretical Perspective
Authors: Kunzendorf Robert G.
Published: May 2005

Following a review of introspectionist, dualist, and functionalist theories of self-consciousness, a mind-brain monitoring theory is developed. According to monitoring theory, self-consciousness is one's tacit knowledge that one is experiencing sensations: in particular, that one is imaging sensations or that one is perceiving them. Such knowledge is the phenomenal consequence of neurally monitoring whether one's sensations are centrally innervated images or peripherally innervated percepts. As a corollary of the present theory, dream images are interpreted as unmonitored images. Other hallucinations, which also arise in the absence of self-consciousness, are similarly interpreted. As another corollary, “subconscious” percepts are interpreted as unmonitored percepts. Experimental and clinical evidence in support of these and other corollaries is reviewed.
A Case Study of Pseudo-Science in Occupational Medicine
Authors: Hansson Sven Ove
Published: May 2005

A detailed analysis is performed of a paper in which H. E. Stokinger, for many years the president of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist's Threshold Limit Values Committee, purports to show that eight specified chemical carcinogens have thresholds. For seven of the eight substances, his sources do not at all support his conclusions, and in some of these cases they even support the opposite conclusion. Even in the remaining case, bis(chloromethyl)ether, the results that he refers to are compatible not only with a threshold but also with various non-linear non-threshold models. Stokinger's paper satisfies classical criteria of pseudo-science, such as the misrepresentation of data, incorrect statistics, reliance on anecdotal evidence, the use of scientific references in support of claims that they do not at all substantiate, and the uncritical acceptance of information coming from sources known to be fraudulent.
The Good Death in Kaliai: Preparation for Death in Western New Britain
Authors: Counts David R.
Published: May 2005

Examination of the preparation for death among the Kaliai, an isolated Melanesian people, offers the basis for instructive comparisons with the institutionalization of death and the dehumanization of the dying in North America. The Kaliai see death not as an end to life, but a transition between different life states. This is a gradual separation process, not a sudden cleavage of the dead from the living. The good death comes with the acquiescence of the dying person and after sufficient time for the severance of social relationships.
Neuroendocrine Mediating Mechanisms: From the Symbolic Stimulus to the Physiological Response
Authors: Whybrow Peter C. , Silberfarb Peter M.
Published: May 2005

Hypothalamic releasing factors are reviewed in the context of their importance to an understanding of neuroendocrine mediating mechanisms in psychobiology and psychosomatic medicine. Recent developments in research relating to corticotrophin, thyrotropin and gonadotropin releasing factors are the main focus of the discussion.
Lessons from a Community's Response to the Death of Diana, Princess of Wales
Authors: Bull Michael A. , Clark Sheila , Duszynski Katherine
Published: May 2005

The death of Diana, Princess of Wales, resulted in an international phenomenon of grief rarely seen. In South Australia, research was undertaken on one aspect of public grief that has received little study—the impact of such an event on the utilization of grief support and counseling services. A survey of 65 community service organizations revealed a pattern of increased service requests in the three weeks following Diana's death, particularly among grief-related organizations. The study identified persons who appeared more vulnerable to this public loss event, how community members tried to cope with their grief, strategies used by community organizations to assist, the impact on helpers, and suggestions for improved responses to future public loss events. The findings of this study are seen as important in helping service providers and community leaders to prepare for reactions to other public loss events.