bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 1 from Ordered Subset Analysis Identifies Loci Influencing Lung Cancer Risk on Chromosomes 6q and 12q
Authors: Fang Shenying , Pinney Susan M. , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. , de Andrade Mariza A. , Li Yafang , Kupert Elena , You Ming , Schwartz Ann G. , Yang Ping , Anderson Marshall W. , Amos Christopher I.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 1 from Ordered Subset Analysis Identifies Loci Influencing Lung Cancer Risk on Chromosomes 6q and 12q
Supplementary Table 1 from PTGS2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) Expression and Survival among Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kunzmann Andrew T. , Murray Liam J. , Cardwell Chris R. , McShane Charlene M. , McMenamin Úna C. , Cantwell Marie M.
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 42K, A table that summarises the studies included in the systematic review.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Improving the Quality of Biomarker Discovery Research: The Right Samples and Enough of Them
Authors: Pepe Margaret S. , Li Christopher I. , Feng Ziding
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Materials and Methods
Figure S2 from Stool DNA Test of Methylated Syndecan-2 for the Early Detection of Colorectal Neoplasia
Authors: Niu Feng , Wen Jialing , Fu Xinhui , Li Chujun , Zhao Rongsong , Wu Shan , Yu Hao , Liu Xianglin , Zhao Xia , Liu Side , Wang Xinying , Wang Jianping , Zou Hongzhi
Published: March 2023

Expression of SDC2 protein was detected in CRC cell lines with immunohistochemistry.
Supplementary Table S5 from Impact of Smoking and Excess Body Weight on Overall and Site-Specific Cancer Mortality Risk
Authors: Meyer Julia , Rohrmann Sabine , Bopp Matthias , Faeh David
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table S5. Population attributable fractions in % with respective 95% confidence intervals for ever smoking (including former), overweight (BMI {greater than or equal to} 25 kg/m2) and the two risk factors combined for selected cancer sites
supplementary figure legends from Prognostic Impact of Cigarette Smoking on the Survival of Patients with Established Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: OuYang Pu-Yun , Su Zhen , Mao Yan-Ping , Liang Xue-Xia , Liu Qing , Deng Wuguo , Xie Fang-Yun
Published: March 2023

supplementary figure legends
Supplementary Tables S1-S5 from A Novel Quantitative Multiplex Tissue Immunoblotting for Biomarkers Predicts a Prostate Cancer Aggressive Phenotype
Authors: Zhu Guangjing , Liu Zhi , Epstein Jonathan I. , Davis Christine , Christudass Christhunesa S. , Carter H. Ballentine , Landis Patricia , Zhang Hui , Chung Joon-Yong , Hewitt Stephen M. , Miller M. Craig , Veltri Robert W.
Published: March 2023

Table S1. Information of antibodies used in MTI Table S2. Multiple logistic regression models for the prediction of aggressiveness and BCR in prostatectomy TMAs: parameters included. Table S3. Multiple logistic regression models for the prediction of aggressiveness and BCR in prostatectomy TMAs: Model accuracy Table S4. Standard/Multiple logistic regression models for the prediction of progressors in AS biopsies: parameters included Table S5. Standard/Multiple logistic regression models for the prediction of progressors in AS biopsies: Model accuracy
Supplementary Figure 2 from Putative Linkage Signals Identified for Breast Cancer in African American Families
Authors: Ochs-Balcom Heather M. , Sun Xiangqing , Chen Yanwen , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill , Erwin Deborah O. , Jandorf Lina , Sucheston-Campbell Lara , Elston Robert C.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Figure 2. Genome-wide model-free multi-point linkage by SIBPAL, P-values based on up to 1,000,000 permutations (W4 and BLUP means), with DOB (sibpair sum and difference) and global ancestry (sibpair difference) as covariates.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment Predicts Increased Risk of Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: The Prospective Epidemiologic Risk Factor (PERF I) Study
Authors: Bager Cecilie L. , Willumsen Nicholas , Kehlet Stephanie N. , Hansen Henrik B. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Leeming Diana J. , Dragsbæk Katrine , Neergaard Jesper Skov , Christiansen Claus , Høgdall Estrid , Karsdal Morten
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Figure 1. Serum biomarker levels in relation to time to diagnosis. Biomarker levels were plotted against the elapsed time interval between blood draw and cancer diagnosis. The plots were evaluated using a Spearman test.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary Table 1, Supplementary Figure 1, and Supplementary Figure 2 from The Cancer Epidemiology Descriptive Cohort Database: A Tool to Support Population-Based Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Kennedy Amy E. , Khoury Muin J. , Ioannidis John P.A. , Brotzman Michelle , Miller Amy , Lane Crystal , Lai Gabriel Y. , Rogers Scott D. , Harvey Chinonye , Elena Joanne W. , Seminara Daniela
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Table 1. Number of cohorts with participants from the catchment area. The catchment areas are defined as the geographical location from where participants are recruited. Supplementary Figure 1. Breakdown of NCI-awarded grants to participating cohorts. A) Funding mechanism of awarded grants, shown as percent of total NCI awarded grants (n=407). B) Categorization of investigator initiated grants funded by NCI, shown as percent of R-series awarded grants (n=283). Supplementary Figure 2. Distribution of NCI-funded grants (n=407) categorized by cancer activity code. Data retrieved from Portfolio Management Application (PMA) 16.1 on Wednesday August 19, 2015.
Supplemental Table 1 from Spectrum of Immune-Related Conditions Associated with Risk of Keratinocyte Cancers among Elderly Adults in the United States
Authors: Yanik Elizabeth L. , Pfeiffer Ruth M. , Freedman D. Michal , Weinstock Martin A. , Cahoon Elizabeth K. , Arron Sarah T. , Chaloux Matthew , Connolly M. Kari , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Engels Eric A.
Published: March 2023

Immune condition associations with squamous cell carcinoma of the skin stratified by keratinocyte cancer (KC) diagnosis in Medicare prior to 2012
Supplementary Appendix 2 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Touvier Mathilde , Chan Doris S.M. , Lau Rosa , Aune Dagfinn , Vieira Rui , Greenwood Darren C. , Kampman Ellen , Riboli Elio , Hercberg Serge , Norat Teresa
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Appendix 2 from Meta-Analyses of Vitamin D Intake, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Status, Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms, and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Supplementary Table 1 from A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Tailored Navigation and a Standard Intervention in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Myers Ronald E. , Bittner-Fagan Heather , Daskalakis Constantine , Sifri Randa , Vernon Sally W. , Cocroft James , DiCarlo Melissa , Katurakes Nora , Andrel Jocelyn
Published: March 2023

PDF file - 47K, Analysis of Change in PHM Variables
Supplementary Data from Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Adams Clare M. , Mitra Ramkrishna , Xiao Youcai , Michener Peter , Palazzo Juan , Chao Allen , Gour Jitendra , Cassel Joel , Salvino Joseph M. , Eischen Christine M.
Published: March 2023

Supplementary Materials and Methods, Tables S1-S3, Figures S1-S7
Data from Targeted MDM2 Degradation Reveals a New Vulnerability for p53-Inactivated Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Adams Clare M. , Mitra Ramkrishna , Xiao Youcai , Michener Peter , Palazzo Juan , Chao Allen , Gour Jitendra , Cassel Joel , Salvino Joseph M. , Eischen Christine M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) frequently inactivate p53, increasing their aggressiveness and therapy resistance. We identified an unexpected protein vulnerability in p53-inactivated TNBC and designed a new PROteolysis TArgeting Chimera (PROTAC) to target it. Our PROTAC selectively targets MDM2 for proteasome-mediated degradation with high-affinity binding and VHL recruitment. MDM2 loss in p53 mutant/deleted TNBC cells in two-dimensional/three-dimensional culture and TNBC patient explants, including relapsed tumors, causes apoptosis while sparing normal cells. Our MDM2-PROTAC is stable in vivo, and treatment of TNBC xenograft-bearing mice demonstrates tumor on-target efficacy with no toxicity to normal cells, significantly extending survival. Transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulation of p53 family target genes. Investigations showed activation and a required role for TAp73 to mediate MDM2-PROTAC–induced apoptosis. Our data, challenging the current MDM2/p53 paradigm, show MDM2 is required for p53-inactivated TNBC cell survival, and PROTAC-targeted MDM2 degradation is an innovative potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC and superior to existing MDM2 inhibitors.
Significance:
p53-inactivated TNBC is an aggressive, therapy-resistant, and lethal breast cancer subtype. We designed a new compound targeting an unexpected vulnerability we identified in TNBC. Our MDM2-targeted degrader kills p53-inactivated TNBC cells, highlighting the requirement for MDM2 in TNBC cell survival and as a new therapeutic target for this disease.

See related commentary by Peuget and Selivanova, p. 1043.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1027
EBV-Upregulated B7-H3 Inhibits NK cell–Mediated Antitumor Function and Contributes to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Progression
Authors: Chen Haiwen , Duan Xiaobing , Deng Xiaohong , Huang Yingping , Zhou Xiang , Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Pingjuan , Yang Chaopin , Liu Guojun , Ren Qinqin , Xiong Yan , Zhu Bo , Zhang Jiexia , Xiang Tong
Published: March 2023

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)–associated epithelial malignancy characterized by the presence of prominent infiltration of lymphocytes, including natural killer (NK) cells. Although NK cells can directly target EBV-infected tumor cells without restriction by the MHC, EBV-positive (EBV+) NPC cells often develop resistance mechanisms that allow them to evade immune surveillance by NK cells. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in EBV-induced NK-cell dysfunction will contribute to the design of novel NK cell–based immunotherapies to treat NPC. Herein, we confirmed that the cytotoxic function of NK cells was impaired in EBV+ NPC tissues and found that EBV infection–induced expression of B7-H3 in NPC negatively correlated with NK-cell function. The inhibitory effect of EBV+ tumor expression of B7-H3 on NK-cell function was clarified in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) was responsible for EBV infection–induced upregulation of B7-H3 expression. In an NPC xenograft mouse model with adoptive transfer of primary NK cells, deletion of B7-H3 on tumor cells in combination with anti–PD-L1 treatment restored NK cell–mediated antitumor activity and significantly improved the antitumor efficacy of NK cells. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that EBV infection can inhibit NK cell–mediated antitumor function by inducing upregulation of B7-H3 expression and provide a rationale for NK cell–based immunotherapies in combination of PD-L1 blockade and overcoming the immunosuppression of B7-H3 to treat EBV-associated NPC.
Efeito da solução hipertônica de NaCl 7,5% na resposta inflamatória em modelo de choque hipovolêmico*
Authors: Fernandes Thadeu Rangel , Pontieri Vera , Moretti Ana Lochabel , Oxer Daniella , Abatepaulo Fatima , Negri Elnara Maria , Velasco Irineu Tadeu , Souza Heraldo Possolo de
Published: March 2023

A solução hipertônica de cloreto de sódio 7,5% (SSH) é eficaz em restaurar os parâmetros hemodinâmicos e reduzir a inflamação em modelos experimentais de choque hemorrágico. Assim, foi nosso objetivo investigar a ação da SSH sobre os mecanismos envolvidos na lesão de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) em um modelo de choque hemorrágico controlado. Ratos Wistar (280-350 g) foram submetidos à hemorragia controlada, mantendo-se a pressão arterial média em 40 mmHg por 1 h. Após esse período, os animais foram randomizados e receberam SSH (4 ml/kg) ou solução salina isotônica (SSI-34 ml/kg). Não foram observadas diferenças na resposta hemodinâmica nos dois grupos. Também não foram observadas diferenças na geração espécies reativas de oxigênio (medida indiretamente pela concentração de malondialdeído) ou das citocinas IL-6 e IL-10 (medidas por ELISA). A análise histológica qualitativa dos pulmões mostrou que os animais do grupo SSH apresentaram um menor influxo tecidual de neutrófilos. Esses animais também mostraram maior expressão de proteínas do choque térmico 70 (HSP70). Assim, concluímos que o tratamento do choque hemorrágico com SSH pode diminuir o processo inflamatório pulmonar e aumentar a proteção celular, devido ao aumento da expressão de HSP70.
Efficacy of Antihypertensive Drugs of Different Classes After Renal Denervation in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Hohl Mathias , Lauder Lucas , Sevimli Özlem , Tokcan Mert , Wagmann Lea , Götzinger Felix , Schneider Clara , Hübner Ulrich , Lehnert Ulrike , Meyer Markus R. , Böhm Michael , Mahfoud Felix
Published: March 2023

Background:

Renal denervation (RDN) lowers blood pressure (BP) in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Limited data exist on the effectiveness of different antihypertensive medications following RDN on BP and maladaptive cardiac phenotypes.

Methods:

Eighty-nine male spontaneously hypertensive rats with continuous BP recording underwent RDN or sham operation. Ten days postsurgery, spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomized to receive no antihypertensive medication, amlodipine, olmesartan, hydrochlorothiazide, bisoprolol, doxazosin, or moxonidine for 28 days. Cardiac remodeling was determined histologically, and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was explored.

Results:

Before initiation of antihypertensive drugs, RDN reduced mean arterial pressure (−12.6 mm Hg [95% CI, −14.4 to −10.8];
P
<0.001). At study end, mean arterial pressure was lower in RDN compared with sham operation in drug-naïve controls (
P
=0.006), olmesartan (
P
=0.002), amlodipine (
P
=0.0004), hydrochlorothiazide (
P
=0.006), doxazosin (
P=
0.001), and bisoprolol (
P
=0.039) but not in animals receiving moxonidine (
P
=0.122). Compared with pooled BP change of all other drug classes, mean arterial pressure change was largest for olmesartan (−15.9 mm Hg [95% CI, −18.6 to −13.2];
P
<0.001) and amlodipine (−12.0 mm Hg [95% CI, −14.7 to −9.3];
P
<0.001). In drug-naïve controls, RDN reduced plasma renin activity (−5.6%¸
P
=0.03) and aldosterone concentration (−53.0%;
P
=0.005). In the presence of antihypertensive medication, plasma renin activity and aldosterone remained unchanged after RDN. Cardiac remodeling was not affected by RDN alone. In animals receiving olmesartan after RDN, cardiac perivascular fibrosis was attenuated. Amlodipine and bisoprolol following RDN reduced cardiomyocyte diameter.

Conclusions:

Following RDN, treatment with amlodipine and olmesartan resulted in the largest BP reduction. Antihypertensive medications mediated heterogeneous effects on renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity and cardiac remodeling.
Untangling Jurisdictional Complexities for Crew Labour Regulations on Fishing Vessels in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
Authors: Haas Bianca , Oh Seoyeon , Dalton Kathryn , Chang Shui-Kai , Fitzpatrick Juno , Minami Kengo , Matsui Hiroaki , Xue Guifang (Julia) , An Ji-Eun , Azmi Kamal , Davis Ruth , Lin Han-Yu , Jung Myung-Hwa , Hanich Quentin
Published: March 2023

The transnational nature of seafood supply chains, including different jurisdictions with varying degrees of responsibility and opportunity, creates a high risk for labour abuse. The ratification of the International Labour Organization’s Work in Fishing Convention, C188, has been low, making the enforcement of national labour regulations very important. This article summarises national labour regulations of key flag States that fish in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean and compare these regulations to C188. The findings highlight the gaps between national regulations and international labour standards. Although the primary responsibility for crew labour standards lies with the flag State, tools at the coastal, crew, port and market State levels are introduced that could support better protection of fishing crew. While the legal infrastructure to address labour issues on fishing vessels exists in theory, more work is needed to increase the performance, enforcement, monitoring and accountability of the existing regulations.
Revisiting the Impacts of Tropical Pacific SST Anomalies on the Pacific Meridional Mode during the Decay of Strong Eastern Pacific El Niño Events
Authors: Fan Hanjie , Yang Song , Wang Chunzai , Lin Shuheng
Published: March 2023

The Pacific meridional mode (PMM) can modulate El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and is also affected by ENSO-related tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs). Two tropical feedbacks on the PMM have been proposed: a positive one of central tropical Pacific SSTAs and a negative one of eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) SSTAs, the latter of which is suggested to be active only during strong eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events like those in 1982/83 and 1997/98. However, we find that no strong, negative PMM-like SSTAs appeared, although the PMM indices (PMMIs) were strongly negative in spring of 1983 and 1998. Observation and model experiments show that tropical warming in 1983 and 1998 not only occurred in the ETP but also extended to the date line, thus inducing wind anomalies unfavorable for establishing the wind–evaporation–SST feedback for a negative PMM in the subtropics. To understand the discrepancy between the large negative PMMIs and weak PMM-related subtropical cooling during strong EP El Niño events, we isolate the relative contributions of subtropical and tropical SSTAs to the PMMIs by calculating their spatial projections on the PMM. Analysis combined using observation and CMIP6 models shows that despite the large contribution from subtropical SSTAs, the large tropical SSTAs, especially the extreme ETP warming, could cause large negative PMMIs during strong EP El Niño events even without strong, negative subtropical SSTAs. Our study clarifies the impact of ETP warming in causing a negative PMM and indicates the overstatement of negative PMMIs by tropical SSTAs during strong EP El Niño events.

Significance Statement

This paper aims to reevaluate the previously proposed effect of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events, like those in 1982/83 and 1997/98, on exciting a negative Pacific meridional mode (PMM). We find that although the PMM indices were strongly negative during the decay of strong eastern Pacific El Niño events, the large negative PMM sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) could not be observed in the subtropical Pacific. Further diagnosis indicates that the PMM index can be large if strong SSTAs occur in eastern tropical Pacific even without subtropical SSTAs, implying that one should be careful when using the PMM index.
A Process Model for ITCZ Narrowing under Warming Highlights Clear-Sky Water Vapor Feedbacks and Gross Moist Stability Changes in AMIP Models
Authors: Ahmed Fiaz , Neelin J. David , Hill Spencer A. , Schiro Kathleen A. , Su Hui
Published: March 2023

Tropical areas with mean upward motion—and as such the zonal-mean intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)—are projected to contract under global warming. To understand this process, a simple model based on dry static energy and moisture equations is introduced for zonally symmetric overturning driven by sea surface temperature (SST). Processes governing ascent area fraction and zonal mean precipitation are examined for insight into Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations. Bulk parameters governing radiative feedbacks and moist static energy transport in the simple model are estimated from the AMIP ensemble. Uniform warming in the simple model produces ascent area contraction and precipitation intensification—similar to observations and climate models. Contributing effects include stronger water vapor radiative feedbacks, weaker cloud-radiative feedbacks, stronger convection-circulation feedbacks, and greater poleward moisture export. The simple model identifies parameters consequential for the inter-AMIP-model spread; an ensemble generated by perturbing parameters governing shortwave water vapor feedbacks and gross moist stability changes under warming tracks inter-AMIP-model variations with a correlation coefficient ∼0.46. The simple model also predicts the multimodel mean changes in tropical ascent area and precipitation with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the simple model reproduces relationships among ascent area precipitation, ascent strength, and ascent area fraction observed in AMIP models. A substantial portion of the inter-AMIP-model spread is traced to the spread in how moist static energy and vertical velocity profiles change under warming, which in turn impact the gross moist stability in deep convective regions—highlighting the need for observational constraints on these quantities.

Significance Statement

A large rainband straddles Earth’s tropics. Most, but not all, climate models predict that this rainband will shrink under global warming; a few models predict an expansion of the rainband. To mitigate some of this uncertainty among climate models, we build a simpler model that only contains the essential physics of rainband narrowing. We find several interconnected processes that are important. For climate models, the most important process is the efficiency with which clouds move heat and humidity out of rainy regions. This efficiency varies among climate models and appears to be a primary reason for why climate models do not agree on the rate of rainband narrowing.
Intrapartum Maternal Prophylactic Antimicrobial Treatment and Neonatal Jaundice
Authors: Zaitoon Hussein , Shnaider Morya , Shoris Irit , Khalil Hadel , Riskin Arieh , Gover Ayala
Published: March 2023

Intrapartum antibiotics are widely used and may potentially affect bilirubin levels and neurotoxicity in the newborn. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intrapartum antibiotic exposure on neonatal jaundice. We retrospectively collected data from 972 neonates born to 963 mothers. Five hundred forty-five mothers (56.6%) received intrapartum antibiotics. There were no statistically significant differences in maximum bilirubin level (7.82 ± 3.65 vs 7.63 ± 3.71, P = .43) or need for phototherapy (9 [1.62%] vs 4 [0.94%], P = .52) between exposed and non-exposed newborns. The rate of phototherapy was significantly higher only in the group of infants born to mothers who received broad-spectrum antibiotics at 2 to 3.9 hours prior to delivery (χ2 = 10.453, P = .015) and was not higher in the group of exposure >4 hours, which may represent a short transient effect of antibiotics exposure on bilirubin turnover. Further studies are needed to validate this finding.
Theft Victimization in Urban Settings: Comparison of Tourist and Resident Case Profiles
Authors: Marteache Nerea , Trinidad Alexander
Published: March 2023

The relationship between urban tourism and crime has been well documented, although a focus on the specifics of tourist victimization is lacking. This study explores police-recorded thefts against urban tourists in the city of Barcelona (Spain). We apply Conjunctive Analysis of Case Configurations to a large data sample to uncover victimization case profiles and the context in which crimes are committed. Comparisons to resident victimization reveal that the case profiles most likely to result in a tourist being the victim of theft have predominantly female, young targets, and occur mostly at restaurants/bars and during the Summer. Future research should examine victimization trends while accounting for time spent in different settings, and compare self-protective behaviors taken by tourists and residents.
Application of phase-shifted full-bridge soft-switch technology in suspension chopper
Authors: Zhu Pengbo , Liu Xin , Yu Ziqiang , Zhao Lin , Li Xiaolong
Published: March 2023

Suspension chopper is a high-power electrical equipment which controls the suspension state of maglev train. Its performance directly determines the stability and safety of maglev train. However, the traditional suspension chopper has the problem of high voltage spikes of IGBT and load, which poses a threat to the safe operation of high-speed maglev train. In order to solve this problem, this paper designs a phase-shifted full-bridge suspension chopper, which only adds an auxiliary circuit and four parallel capacitors. The soft-switch is realized by using the phase-shifted control signals, so as to reduce the voltage spikes. Compared with other voltage spike suppression methods, the method has the advantages of good suppression of voltage spikes, simple circuit structure, less use of components, and insensitive to component parameters. The performance of the designed circuit is simulated by ANSYS Simplorer, and verified by experimental test platform. The simulation and experimental results show that the phase-shifted full-bridge suspension chopper can greatly reduce voltage spikes of the load and IGBT.
Women Who Kill Abusive Men: The Limitations of Loss of Control, Provocation and Self-Defence in England and Wales and Canada
Authors: Edwards Susan SM , Koshan Jennifer
Published: March 2023

In England and Wales, the Coroners and Justice Act 2009, (CJA), s. 55(3) introduced into statute ‘fear of serious violence’ as a ground (or ‘a trigger’) for loss of control manslaughter. It was intended to take into account the circumstances of women who in self-preservation kill abusive and violent intimate partners. Despite this important reform, a woman who defends herself from a partner's abuse and violence in both manslaughter and self-defence pleadings continues to be assessed with reference to a masculinist interpretation of what is reasonable through the anthropomorphic ‘reasonable man/person,’ and loss of control still underpins voluntary manslaughter. In Canada, the homicide provisions in the Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, were amended in 2012 to reframe the law of self-defence (s. 34) and in 2015 to revise the law of provocation by which culpable homicide can be reduced to manslaughter (s. 232), with neither amendment accounting explicitly for the circumstances of women who kill abusive partners. In both jurisdictions despite revisions to the legal construct of ‘loss of control manslaughter’ (England and Wales) or the provocation defence (Canada), the common law underpinnings of these defences and jurors’ perceptions of what constitutes or what can trigger ‘loss of control’ continues to inform such pleadings whilst the law on self-defence (with its masculinist requirements and interpretation of proportionality and reasonableness) remains largely inaccessible to the abused woman who defends herself from an intimate partner's violence and abuse. This article explores the legal developments in both jurisdictions and their limitations through an analysis of the substantive law and recent case law. The number of women who kill violent and abusive partners and the legal outcomes, the methods used to kill and the ways in which substantive law and legal actors disadvantage those who use a weapon eschewing women's disproportionate size and strength, are all considered. The article concludes with proposals for further reform.
Inverse kinematic model of multi-section continuum robots using particle swarm optimization and comparison to four meta-heuristic approaches
Authors: Djeffal Selman , Mahfoudi Chawki
Published: March 2023

Multi-section continuum robots’ (CRs) behavior is still an outstanding problem because of the highly non-linearity of its equation of motions. To this end, in this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is adopted to solve the inverse kinematic model (IKM) of CRs. First, the CR’s structure is properly described. Then, the aforementioned algorithm is elaborately discussed and implemented in figuring out the IKM of CR and verified through forward kinematic model by choosing the PSO parameters, namely, cognitive factors [Formula: see text] and inertia weight [Formula: see text] for 200 positions on an arc-like trajectory. The optimal angle values ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]) which ensure the lowest distance between the attainably desired position and the robot’s end effector are [Formula: see text] which is perfectly accurate. After that, simulation through MATLAB is carried out, namely, in the first simulation, a three-section CR follows a linear trajectory with a precision approximately equal to [Formula: see text]. Furthermore, PSO takes 7 ms as a mean consumption time to make the robot’s end effector attain to each position. Then, a circular trajectory is followed using PSO. Comparatively speaking, PSO is compared with four meta-heuristic approaches; it is remarked that PSO is a good compromise between accuracy and time consumption. Based on the obtained results, PSO can be considered as a trade-off between accuracy and time consumption for solving the IKM of CRs with complex structure.
Poverty Stifles Ambition: The Role of Self-Efficacy and Perceived Social Fairness in the Future Orientation of Adolescents from Financially Disadvantaged Families
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Guo Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

Although there is substantial evidence that the family’s financial situation influences the development of adolescents’ future orientation, little is known about the influencing mechanism. This study examined the potential mediating effects of self-efficacy (SE) and perceived social fairness (PSF) in the relationship between family financial difficulties (FFD) and future orientation (FO) with two independent samples of Chinese adolescents. In Study 1, a total of 1,527 adolescents (762 girls; mean age = 14.81 years, SD = 1.70) were recruited to complete a multi-section questionnaire. The results indicated that FFD significantly and negatively predicted FO. SE and PSF significantly mediated the relationship between FFD and FO both independently and sequentially. To test whether the above results are stable and replicable, we further conducted a validation study in Study 2 ( N = 410) and found all the results remained significant. Implications for future research and limitations are discussed.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Factors Influencing Self-Medication in Children
Authors: Bi Bingqing , Qin Jiangmei , Zhang Lifang , Lin Chunmei , Li Shugang , Zhang Yanchun
Published: March 2023

To evaluate the prevalence, influencing factors, and behavior rules of self-medication in children. Articles on self-medication in children from various electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the WHO website ( https://www.who.int/ ), ABI, CNKI, and Wanfang), were searched to August 2022. The single-group meta-analyses of the prevalence, influencing factors, and behavior rules of self-medication in children were performed using Revman 5.3 and Stata 16.0. The overall pooled prevalence of self-medication in children was 57% (95% CI: 0.39-0.75, I² = 100%, P < .00001 Z = 6.22). The pooled prevalence for main influencing factors, in terms of caregivers, was: 73% (95% CI: 0.72-0.75, I² = 100%, P < .00001, Z = 111.18) for those in rural areas; 55% (95% CI: 0.51-0.59, P = .04, Z = 26.92, I² = 68%, P < .00001) for females; 75% (95% CI: 0.74-0.76, I² = 68%, P < .00001, Z = 106.66) for those whose income was less than 716 dollars; 77% (95% CI: 0.75-0.79, I² = 99%, P < .000001, Z = 92.59) for the middle-aged and elderly; and 72% (95% CI: 0.58-87, I² = 99%, P < .00001, Z = 9.82) for those with a degree below bachelor. In the process of self-medication for children, 19% (95% CI: 0.06-0.32, I² = 99%, P < .00001, Z = 2.82) of the caregivers did not read the instructions, 28% (95% CI: −0.03-0.60, I² = 100%, P < .000001, Z = 1.77) neglected adverse effects, 49% (95% CI: 0.11-0.87, I² = 100%, P = .01, Z = 2.51) spontaneously increased or decreased the dosages, 49% (95% CI: 0.48-0.55, I² = 65%, P < .00001, Z = 16.51) had an awareness of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and 41% (95% CI: 0.18-0.64, I² = 99%, P < .00001, Z = 3.49) misrecognized the antibiotics. Self-medication for children was common, although the overall prevalence was not very high. The prevalence of self-medication in children was relatively higher among those caregivers who were female, rural, had low-income, were elder, or had a degree below bachelor. Common behaviors during self-medication in children included spontaneous dose increase or decrease, a lack of awareness of OTC drugs, and misconception of antibiotics. Government departments should formulate corresponding policies to provide quality health education resources for the caregivers of children.
A Qualitative Study of the Limits and Possibilities of Integrating Palliative Care in Heart Failure
Authors: Santos Karoliny Alves , Trotte Liana Amorim Corrêa , Telles Audrei , Guimarães Tereza Cristina , Sá Eunice , Miranda da Silva Marcelle
Published: March 2023

Heart failure is a progressive condition with a high burden of symptoms and clinical decompensations that causes psychological and social suffering, poor quality of life, and limited life expectancy. Therefore, it requires palliative care to control symptoms and signs, but integrating it with clinical care is complicated. We aimed to discuss the limits and possibilities of integrating palliative care in heart failure. This was a qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were carried out between July 2020 and July 2021. We applied the thematic content analysis and the SWOT matrix. Ethical principles were respected. Ten professionals from an Institute specializing in cardiovascular diseases in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, participated in the study, including physicians, nurses, psychologist, and occupational therapist. We identified 4 categories related to intervening factors: the patient’s profile, the emotional aspects of professionals facing these patients, the challenges to integrating and sustaining palliative care in practice, and the ways for assistance planning in this context. The existence of a specialized team, the palliative care commission, and the institutional palliative care protocol, aligned with the realistic perception of the assistance, organizational, political, and social problems, may promote the advancement of palliative care in heart failure.
An optical clearing imaging window: Realization of mouse brain imaging and manipulation through scalp and skull
Authors: Feng Wei , Liu Chun-jie , Wang Lisi , Zhang Chao
Published: March 2023

Cortical visualization is essential to understand the dynamic changes in brain microenvironment under physiopathological conditions. However, the turbid scalp and skull severely limit the imaging depth and resolution. Existing cranial windows require invasive scalp excision and various subsequent skull treatments. Non-invasive in vivo imaging of skull bone marrow, meninges, and cortex through scalp and skull with high resolution yet remains a challenge. In this work, a non-invasive trans-scalp/skull optical clearing imaging window is proposed for cortical and calvarial imaging, which is achieved by applying a novel skin optical clearing reagent. The imaging depth and resolution are greatly enhanced in near infrared imaging and optical coherence tomography imaging. Combining this imaging window with adaptive optics, we achieve the visualization and manipulation of the calvarial and cortical microenvironment through the scalp and skull using two-photon imaging for the first time. Our method provides a well-performed imaging window and paves the way for intravital brain studies with the advantages of easy-operation, convenience and non-invasiveness.
Criterion to Select the Maximum Aggregate Size of Fine-Aggregate Asphalt Matrices
Authors: de Souza Thiago Delgado , Enríquez-León Alexis Jair , Rocha Marcos Lamha , Osmari Patrícia Hennig , Aragão Francisco Thiago Sacramento , Pereira André Maués Brabo , Underwood Benjamin Shane
Published: March 2023

Fine-aggregate matrices (FAMs) are a relevant constituent of asphalt mixtures. Several FAM mix design, fabrication, and characterization protocols have been recently developed to investigate the behavior of such materials. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence on how to define the most appropriate maximum aggregate size (MAS) to fabricate FAM specimens. The focus of this paper is to develop such experimental evidence. Three asphalt concretes (ACs) and their corresponding FAMs with different MASs were tested to determine their stiffness and fatigue properties in uniaxial cyclic tests. In addition, the AC microstructures were scanned using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and analyzed using image analysis techniques. The combination of the AC microstructure assessed by micro-CT with the mechanical characteristics of the mixtures allowed the determination of the most representative MASs for the fabrication of isolated FAM samples. The key conclusion from this study was that ACs with nominal maximum aggregate sizes of 19.0, 12.5, and 9.5 mm are better characterized by FAMs with a MAS of 2.36 mm.
A contemporaneous narrative review of Fournier’s gangrene
Authors: Desai Rajeev , Batura Deepak
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Fournier’s gangrene is a necrotizing infection of the external genitalia, perineal or perianal regions and is mainly seen in males. Its main risk factors include diabetes, chronic alcoholism, HIV and other immune-compromised states. Fournier’s gangrene has an aggressive course associated with a mortality rate of 20%−30%, making early diagnosis and management very important. The Fournier Gangrene Severity Index (FGSI) has been traditionally used to predict the severity and prognosis. More recently, simplified FGSI (sFGSI) has been proposed and is helpful. However, timely diagnosis, supportive medical management and complete surgical debridement are still the cornerstones of treatment. These must be complemented with early and timely re-look debridements and appropriate reconstruction to cover soft tissue defects. This literature review aims to look at recent relevant research regards risk factors and prognostic features of Fournier’s gangrene.

Methods:

A search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed databases for all articles related to Fournier’s Gangrene. These included clinical reviews, case reports, case series and retrospective studies. Reports or studies which were not published in English were not reviewed. Various reconstructive techniques to cover the defects have also been revisited.

Results:

Broad-spectrum antibiotics and urgent surgical debridement are the core management principles of Fournier’s gangrene. Repeat debridement after 24 h is also recommended. Adjunctive therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen and vacuum-assisted closure are supported in most aspects of recent literature. Expectedly, there is a lack of randomised controlled studies in such emergency surgical conditions, which limits the widespread use of newer therapies to patients unresponsive to conventional management.

Conclusion:

Fournier’s gangrene is a urological emergency with a high mortality rate. The aggressive nature of the infection necessitates early recognition and immediate surgical intervention. Negative pressure dressing and occasional hyperbaric oxygen as adjuncts should be used more routinely, especially if there is a delayed response to conventional treatment or in severe infections.
Excellence in Total Worker Health® and an Interview With Dr Laura Linnan
Authors: Terry Paul E.
Published: March 2023

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines Total Worker Health® as “policies, programs and practices that integrate protection from work-related safety and health hazards with promotion of injury and illness prevention efforts to advance worker well-being.” This editorial features an interview with Dr Laura Linnan, a leader of the workplace health and well-being movement and a Principal Investigator for one of the ten ‘Centers of Excellence in Total Worker Health ®’ sponsored by NIOSH to study how approaches to better integrating health and safety can improve outcomes. We discuss differences between “comprehensive approaches” to workplace wellness and a Total Worker Health® approach. I also interview ChatGBT to assess whether the latest in artificial intelligence is accurate in its understanding of contemporary workplace based health promotion.
Effects of sitagliptin on peritoneal membrane: The potential role of mesothelial cell tight junction proteins
Authors: Jo Chor ho , Kim Sua , Ha Tae Kyung , Kang Duk-Hee , Kim Gheun-Ho
Published: March 2023

Background:

The roles of tight junction (TJ) proteins in peritoneal membrane transport and peritoneal dialysis (PD) require further characterisation. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 is expressed in mesothelial cells, and its activity may affect peritoneal membrane function and morphology.

Methods:

Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated and cultured from omentum obtained during abdominal surgery, and paracellular transport functions were evaluated by measuring transmesothelial electrical resistance (TMER) and dextran flux. Sprague-Dawley rats were infused daily with 4.25% peritoneal dialysate with and without sitagliptin administration for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) were isolated to evaluate TJ protein expression.

Results:

In HPMCs, the protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-15, occludin and E-cadherin was decreased by TGF-β treatment but reversed by sitagliptin co-treatment. TMER was decreased by TGF-β treatment but improved by sitagliptin co-treatment. Consistent with this, dextran flux was increased by TGF-β treatment and reversed by sitagliptin co-treatment. In the animal experiment, sitagliptin-treated rats had a lower D2/D0 glucose ratio and a higher D2/P2 creatinine ratio than PD controls during the peritoneal equilibration test. Protein expression of claudin-1, claudin-15 and E-cadherin decreased in RPMCs from PD controls but was not affected in those from sitagliptin-treated rats. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced in PD controls but ameliorated in sitagliptin-treated rats.

Conclusion:

The expression of TJ proteins including claudin-1 and claudin-15 was associated with transport function both in HPMCs and in a rat model of PD. Sitagliptin prevents peritoneal fibrosis in PD and can potentially restore peritoneal mesothelial cell TJ proteins.
Effect of laser shock peening on austempered ductile iron
Authors: Bonnici Luana , Subramaniyan Prabhakaran , Glaser Daniel , Cassar Glenn , Shukla Pratik , Mollicone Pierluigi , Zammit Ann
Published: March 2023

In this study, laser shock peening (LSP) has been applied on austempered ductile iron (ADI) to determine the optimum laser power and spot overlapping rate required for automotive gear applications. The surface roughness and phases present were studied to understand the effect of the laser shock wave application on the material. An increase in the mean surface roughness was achieved when the laser spot overlap increased from 20% to 60%. A significant increase in the microhardness was obtained in the surface and sub-surface, indicating an increased dislocation density of the material. Compressive residual stress depth and magnitude characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Incremental Hole Drilling (IHD) were found to increase with laser power density. This work significantly identifies the pathway toward the engineering manufacture of austempered ductile iron and the application of LSP for the automotive drive-train industries.
Study on the effect of different cooling conditions on microstructural and mechanical properties of heat-treated T92 martensitic steel
Authors: Santhosh Kumar S , Ramesh Kumar S
Published: March 2023

The T92 martensitic steel is utilized in thermal power plants because of its better mechanical properties, and it is needed to enhance the strength and improve the properties using heat treatment. The research aims to determine how the microstructure changes in T92 martensitic steel when normalized at 1000 °C for an hour and tempered at 760 °C for 2 hours using various cooling techniques, including air cooling, furnace cooling, and water quenching. It is characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and optical microscopy (OM). Tensile strength, hardness and toughness measurements were also performed on the heat-treated T92 steel specimens. After tensile testing of heat-treated samples of T92 steel, the fracture surface was characterized using SEM to determine the fracture mode. The strength and hardness of T92 material increased with a normalizing of 1000 °C, whereas they decreased with a tempering of 760 °C. Compared to various material conditions, the tempering of 760 °C with air-cooled hold the tensile strength of 887 MPa, hardness of 267.42 HV and toughness of 135 J was shown to be the optimal combination.
Assessing the nexus between corporate social responsibility and environmental performance: A way forward towards sustainable development
Authors: Xin Yongrong , Dilanchiev Azer , Esmira Guluzada , Ai Fengyi
Published: March 2023

Although the Chinese government has effectively enacted green policies to address climate challenges, the country's heavy reliance on fossil fuels has made these problems serious barriers to China's sustainable growth. This study analyzes data from 653 Chinese manufacturing companies and examines the relationship between corporate social responsibility and environmental performance. The suggested hypotheses have been investigated by employing structural equation modeling. The results showed that there is no direct association between corporate social responsibility and the environmental performance of manufacturing firms. In comparison, it is linked to green transformational leadership and green innovation that improves environmental performance. Furthermore, the results showed that the link between corporate social responsibility and environmental performance is mediated by green innovation and green transformational leadership. The study's results provide managers and decision-makers in manufacturing businesses with critical knowledge on managing corporate social responsibility, green innovation, and green transformational leadership. Increasing internal resources to improve environmental performance may be advantageous to general managers of big manufacturing enterprises.