bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Binge-watching is the new black: as novas formas de espectatorialidade no consumo de ficção seriada televisiva // Binge-watching is the new black: the new forms of spectatorship in the consumption of television serial fiction
Authors: Castellano Mayka , Meimaridis Melina
Published: March 2021

Neste artigo, discutimos as possíveis implicações da prática de binge-watching de séries ficcionais televisivas, considerando o novo cenário de produção, distribuição e consumo de séries. O atual contexto é marcado por um maior controle do espectador, que, em serviços como a Netflix, não precisa lidar com o tradicional cadenciamento oferecido pelas emissoras. Assim, a prática é analisada tendo em vista seu impacto na espectatorialidade e na construção narrativa das séries televisivas americanas. Além de realizarmos uma revisão bibliográfica, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa junto aos fãs da série Orange is the new black, de forma a comprovar determinadas tendências de consumo de séries originalmente pensadas para o streaming e sua estreita relação com o binge-watching.
Diversas temporalidades nos discursos televisivos sobre a morte: aferições sobre a tragédia da chapecoense no Jornal Nacional // Multiple temporalities in televised discourses on death: reflections about the chapecoense tragedy in Jornal Nacional
Authors: NEGRINI MICHELE
Published: March 2021

Este estudo tem como foco a realização de uma reflexão sobre as diversas temporalidades que perpassam a constituição das narrativas sobre a morte no Jornal Nacional. Para tanto, vamos observar a cobertura do telejornal à tragédia com o voo da companhia aérea LaMia, ocorrida no dia 29 de novembro de 2016, que levava a delegação da Associação Chapecoense de Futebol para a disputa da final da Copa Sul-Americana na Colômbia. Em nível teórico-metodológico, vamos observar as diversas temporalidades nas narrativas sobre a morte no Jornal Nacional acionando olhares dos Estudos Culturais, através das perspectivas do gênero televisivo como categoria cultural e de estrutura de sentimento.
O fracasso do multiculturalismo e a crise das identidades // The failure of multiculturalism and the crisis of identities
Authors: Wainberg Jacques Alkalai
Published: March 2021

Resumo: A pregação realizada nas mesquitas do Ocidente é analisada neste estudo sobre a retórica islâmica conservadora. Ele examina o tipo de história contada às comunidades de expatriados muçulmanos, o que se revela hostil aos ditames liberais das sociedades hospedeiras. Esta doutrina está em crise também devido à reação assumida por vários países contra a incitação ao ódio promovido por tais oradores.
Arquivamento e álbum de família: entre o documento e a expressão // Archiving and family album: between the document and the expression
Authors: Alves Rafael Delfino Rodrigues , Fernandes Ana Rita Vidica
Published: March 2021

Este artigo se propõe a discutir sobre os modos de arquivamento e constituição do álbum de família, desde o século XIX à criação de álbuns digitais on-line por meio da mídia social Instagram no século XXI. Essa discussão será aberta com o conceito e classificação de álbum familiar por Armando Silva (2008), a fim de apreender suas funções e técnicas de arquivo. A partir desta contextualização, percebe-se o álbum familiar como arquivo que transita entre a “fotografia-documento” e a “fotografia-expressão”, nomenclaturas de Rouillé (2009) que são problematizadas no texto, tendo como ponto de inflexão a proposta de encenação do arquivamento trazida por Derrida (2001).
Out‐Of‐Plane Metal Coordination for a True Solvent‐Free Building with Molecular Bricks: Dodging the Surface Ligand Effect for On‐Surface Vacuum Self‐Assembly
Authors: Orbelli Biroli Alessio , Calloni Alberto , Bossi Alberto , Jagadeesh Madan S. , Albani Guglielmo , Duò Lamberto , Ciccacci Franco , Goldoni Andrea , Verdini Alberto , Schio Luca , Floreano Luca , Bussetti Gianlorenzo
Published: March 2021

The desirable self‐assembly (SA) of repeated 2D stacked layers requires a “holistic analysis” of three interconnected components: the electrode, the interface, and the molecular component; among them, the contact interface bears the largest burden responsibilities. Epitaxial growth (EG) of coherent 2D+n stacked heterojunction by solvent‐free deposition holds great promise, although the feasibility has never been demonstrated given multiple drawbacks (e.g., surface‐ligand effect, SLE). Here, it is demonstrated how a coherent 2D+n (n = 3) layered heterorganic film is grown on an archetypal Fe metal electrode. The groundbreaking achievement is the result of the in‐vacuum integration of: i) chemical decoupling of the basal organic layer (a ZnII‐tetraphenylporphyrine, ZnTPP) from the metal electrode, ii) 2D‐ordering of the ZnTPP commensurate to the substrate, iii) rigid, stoichiometric, and orthogonally arranged, the molecule‐to‐molecule coupling between ZnTPP and a ditopic linear bridging ligand (i.e., DPNDI) guided by SA coordination chemistry, and iv) sharp (chemical) termination of the layered film.
Deep Eutectic Solvents for Boosting Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion: A Review and Perspective
Authors: Wu Junxiong , Liang Qinghua , Yu Xiaoliang , Lü Qiu‐Feng , Ma Lianbo , Qin Xianying , Chen Guohua , Li Baohua
Published: March 2021

The pursuit of sustainable energy utilization arouses increasing interest in efficiently producing durable battery materials and catalysts with minimum environmental impact. As green, safe, and cheap eutectic mixtures, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) provide tremendous opportunities and open up attractive perspectives as charge transfer and reaction media for electrochemical energy storage and conversion (EESC). In this review, the fundamental properties of DESs are first summarized. Then, the important roles that DESs play in various EESC technologies including advanced electrolytes for batteries/supercapacitors, media for the preparation of electrode materials and catalysts, and extracting agents for battery recycling are systematically reviewed. A particular focus is placed on the fundamental understanding of structure–composition–property–performance relationships. Finally, the challenges for the controllable design of DESs for EESC applications and future developments are presented. This review is expected to shed light on developing advanced DESs for next‐generation EESC systems.
One‐Step Formation of Protein‐Based Tubular Structures for Functional Devices and Tissues
Authors: Gao Wuyang , Vaezzadeh Nima , Chow Kelvin , Chen Haotian , Lavender Patricia , Jeronimo Mark D. , McAllister Arianna , Laselva Onofrio , Jiang Jia‐Xin , Gage Blair K. , Ogawa Shinichiro , Ramchandran Arun , Bear Christine E. , Keller Gordon M. , Günther Axel
Published: March 2021

Tubular biological structures consisting of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and cells are basic functional units of all organs in animals and humans. ECM protein solutions at low concentrations (5–10 milligrams per milliliter) are abundantly used in 3D cell culture. However, their poor “printability” and minute‐long gelation time have made the direct extrusion of tubular structures in bioprinting applications challenging. Here, this limitation is overcome and the continuous, template‐free conversion of low‐concentration collagen, elastin, and fibrinogen solutions into tubular structures of tailored size and radial, circumferential and axial organization is demonstrated. The approach is enabled by a microfabricated printhead for the consistent circumferential distribution of ECM protein solutions and lends itself to scalable manufacture. The attached confinement accommodates minute‐long residence times for pH, temperature, light, ionic and enzymatic gelation. Chip hosted ECM tubular structures are amenable to perfusion with aqueous solutions and air, and cyclic stretching. Predictive collapse and reopening in a crossed‐tube configuration promote all‐ECM valves and pumps. Tissue level function is demonstrated by factors secreted from cells embedded within the tube wall, as well as endothelial or epithelial barriers lining the lumen. The described approaches are anticipated to find applications in ECM‐based organ‐on‐chip and biohybrid structures, hydraulic actuators, and soft machines.
Augmenting Tendon‐to‐Bone Repair with Functionally Graded Scaffolds
Authors: Zhu Chunlei , Qiu Jichuan , Thomopoulos Stavros , Xia Younan
Published: March 2021

Tendon‐to‐bone repair often fails because the functionally graded attachment is not regenerated during the healing process. Biomimetic scaffolds that recapitulate the unique features of the native tendon‐to‐bone attachment hold great promise for enhancing the healing process. Among various types of scaffolds that are developed and evaluated for tendon‐to‐bone repair, those with gradations (in either a stratified or a continuous fashion) in composition, structure, mechanical properties, and cell phenotype have gained the most attention. In this progress report, the recent efforts in the rational design and fabrication of functionally graded scaffolds based upon electrospun nanofiber mats and inverse opal structures, as well as the evaluation of their applications in augmenting tendon‐to‐bone repair, are reviewed. This report concludes with perspectives on the necessary future steps for clinical translation of the scaffolds.
Epitaxial Single‐Crystal Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers via the Atomic Sawtooth Au Surface
Authors: Choi Soo Ho , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Song Bumsub , Kim Yong In , Han Gyeongtak , Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Ko Hayoung , Boandoh Stephen , Choi Ji Hoon , Oh Chang Seok , Cho Hyun Je , Jin Jeong Won , Won Yo Seob , Lee Byung Hoon , Yun Seok Joon , Shin Bong Gyu , Jeong Hu Young , Kim Young‐Min , Han Young‐Kyu , Lee Young Hee , Kim Soo Min , Kim Ki Kang
Published: March 2021

Growth of 2D van der Waals layered single‐crystal (SC) films is highly desired not only to manifest the intrinsic physical and chemical properties of materials, but also to enable the development of unprecedented devices for industrial applications. While wafer‐scale SC hexagonal boron nitride film has been successfully grown, an ideal growth platform for diatomic transition metal dichalcogenide (TMdC) films has not been established to date. Here, the SC growth of TMdC monolayers on a centimeter scale via the atomic sawtooth gold surface as a universal growth template is reported. The atomic tooth‐gullet surface is constructed by the one‐step solidification of liquid gold, evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. The anisotropic adsorption energy of the TMdC cluster, confirmed by density‐functional calculations, prevails at the periodic atomic‐step edge to yield unidirectional epitaxial growth of triangular TMdC grains, eventually forming the SC film, regardless of the Miller indices. Growth using the atomic sawtooth gold surface as a universal growth template is demonstrated for several TMdC monolayer films, including WS2, WSe2, MoS2, the MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure, and W1−xMoxS2 alloys. This strategy provides a general avenue for the SC growth of diatomic van der Waals heterostructures on a wafer scale, to further facilitate the applications of TMdCs in post‐silicon technology.
3D Tissue and Organ Printing—Hope and Reality
Authors: Shapira Assaf , Dvir Tal
Published: March 2021

Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting is an emerging, groundbreaking strategy in tissue engineering, allowing the fabrication of living constructs with an unprecedented degree of complexity and accuracy. While this technique greatly facilitates the structuring of native tissue‐like architectures, many challenges still remain to be faced. In this review, the fruits of recent research that demonstrate how advanced bioprinting technologies, together with inspiring creativity, can be used to address these challenges are presented and discussed. Next, the future of the field is discussed, in terms of expected developments, as well as possible directions toward the realization of the vision of fully functional, engineered tissues, and organs. Last, a few hypothetical scenarios for the role 3D bioprinting may play in future tissue engineering are depicted, with an emphasis on its impact on tomorrow's regenerative medicine.
Screening Nanographene‐Mediated Inter(Porphyrin) Communication to Optimize Inter(Porphyrin–Fullerene) Forces
Authors: Haines Philipp , Kaur Ramandeep , Martin Max M. , Minameyer Martin B. , Frühwald Stefan , Bönisch Simon , Lungerich Dominik , Hampel Frank , Görling Andreas , Drewello Thomas , Jux Norbert , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: March 2021

Multifunctional molecular materials comprising porphyrins and fullerenes have served as perfect prototypes to study key aspects of natural photosynthesis starting at light harvesting and energy transfer processes all the way to charge separation, charge shift, and charge recombination. Herein, hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) are explored, decorated with one, two, and six porphyrins at their peripheral positions, within the context of replicating key steps of photosynthesis. The major focus of the investigations is to screen inter(porphyrin) communications across the HBC platform as a function of the substitution pattern and to optimize the intermolecular forces with fullerenes. To this end, the ground‐ and excited‐state features are investigated in the absence of C60 and C70 by employing an arsenal of spectroscopic methods. Further insights into inter(porphyrin) communications come from time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. In the presence of C60 and C70, X‐ray crystallography, steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry corroborate exceptionally strong inter(porphyrin–fullerene) interactions in the solid, liquid, and gas phases. The experiments are backed‐up with DFT calculations of the geometrically optimized and energetically stable complex configuration.
Solvent‐Actuated Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Hole‐Transporting Polymer Enables Bottom‐Surface Passivation of Perovskite Film for Efficient Photovoltaics
Authors: Yang Qing , Wang Xuchao , Yu Shuwen , Liu Xuan , Gao Pan , Hu Xiaobo , Hou Guangjin , Chen Shaoqiang , Guo Xin , Li Can
Published: March 2021

Bottom‐surface defect passivation of perovskite film, lagging far behind easily conducted bulk and top‐surface passivations in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), remains rather challenging because most passivation molecules/groups can be eroded by polar solvents used for the subsequent perovskite deposition. In this work, an effective bottom‐surface passivation is enabled for enhanced performance of inverted PSCs by covalently attaching a passivation group (hydroxyl) to a hole transporting polymer. A short linker (methylene) between the hydroxyl and the conjugated backbone bearing hydrophobic long alkyl chains is adopted to improve the resistance of the resultant amphiphilic polymer to polar solvents. A solvent evaporation‐induced self‐assembly of the amphiphilic hole transporting polymer is developed to enrich hydroxyl groups on the film surface, passivating defects of the upper perovskite layer via interactions with undercoordinated Pb2+ and I– sites. Inverted PSCs based on this hole transporting film are superior in efficiency (20.12%), reproducibility, large‐area fabrication, and stability to its classical poly(bis(4‐phenyl)(2,5,6‐trimethylphenyl)amine) counterpart. This work demonstrates that rational introduction of passivation groups into the hole transporting layer combined with self‐assembly‐modulated component distributions is useful to realize bottom‐surface passivation of the perovskite layer for improved photovoltaic performance.
Moran eigenvector filtering of multi‐year yield data with application to zone development
Authors: Long Dan S. , Griffith Daniel A. , Kvien Craig K. , Clay David E.
Published: March 2021

A time‐series of yield monitor data may be used to identify field areas of consistently low or high yield to serve as productivity zones for site‐specific crop management. However, transient factors that affect yield in 1 yr, but not every year, detract from this approach. The objective of this study was to illustrate Moran eigenvector spatial filtering (MESF) with results from analysis of multi‐year crop yield data from two farm fields in the United States. The MESF method accounts for temporal autocorrelation within a common factor map representing the correlation across years and partitions stochastic geographic variation into spatially structured and unstructured components. Crop rotation data were utilized from a dryland field in east‐central South Dakota and an irrigated field in southwestern Georgia. A random effects (RE) model was estimated that utilized eigenfunctions of a geographic connectivity matrix to account for spatially structured random effects (SSRE) and unstructured random effects (SURE) in standardized z scores of multi‐year crop yield. The MESF method was evaluated with conventional averaging of unfiltered yield data as a reference for comparison. In South Dakota, the SSRE accounted for 26% of the yield variance shared across years. Distinct patterns appeared to be related to changes in soil type and landscape position. The Georgia field yielded similar results. The MESF is effective for revealing structured variation in a time series of yield monitor data and may be useful for defining productivity zones within fields.
Syncope and undifferentiated shock
Authors: Trotzky Daniel , Amer Ali , Fraij Salha , Fordham Daniel E. , Granovsky Gregory , Aizik Uri , Carady Natali , Cohen Aya , Fuchs Shmuel , Mengesha Bethlehem , Burgsdorf Oleg , Yofik Inna , Naimark Ari , Baruch Inbal , Barac Yaron D. , Pachys Gal
Published: March 2021

Ventricular free wall rupture is a rare post myocardial complication with a high associated mortality. In this article we discuss the case of an elderly patient who presented to our emergency department in shock after an episode of syncope. Using Point Of Care Ultrasound (POCUS), identification of cardiac tamponade and pericardial thrombus was possible, signs indicating a diagnosis of free wall rupture. Early initiation of transfer proceedings to a tertiary cardio‐thoracic unit was therefore possible, resulting in a positive patient outcome.
Cover Image, Volume 15, Issue 2
Authors: Sari Yessie W , Widyarani  , Sanders Johan P M , Heeres Hero J
Published: March 2021

The cover image is based on the Review Article The protein challenge: Matching future demand and supply in Indonesia by Widyarani et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/bbb.2176.

image
Nono‐titanium dioxide exposure during the adolescent period induces neurotoxicities in rats: Ameliorative potential of bergamot essential oil
Authors: Cui Yonghua , Che Yi , Wang Hongxin
Published: March 2021

Introduction

In adolescence, the brain is still maturing, and disorders in maturation may affect the normal development of the brain. Exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) has various potential negative effects on the central nervous system. Bergamot essential oil (BEO) has been found to be effective for neuroprotection.

Methods

The rats were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2 NPs (20 mg/kg) and/or BEO (200 mg/kg). The endogenous antioxidant state and inflammatory parameters were estimated using ELISA kits, and then the memory ability and anxiety‐like behavior in rats were assessed.

Results

TiO2 NPs exposure during the adolescent period induced anxiety‐like behavior, cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation and oxidative damage in hippocampus, and BEO treatment could significantly ameliorate the neurotoxicities induced by TiO2 NPs exposure.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the negative effects of TiO2 NPs exposure during the adolescent period on anxiety‐like behavior and cognitive function may be related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation induced by TiO2 NPs exposure. In addition, BEO may ameliorate the neurotoxicities induced by TiO2 NPs exposure in adolescent rats through the antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of BEO.
The immune landscape during the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Yiying , He Mengdi , Zhang Guodong , Cao Kankan , Yang Moran , Zhang Hongwei , Liu Haiou
Published: March 2021

Objective

Deciphering the determinants of the intralesional immune reaction in cervical carcinogenesis may be conducive to improving the understanding of the disease and then improve outcomes.

Methods

Public gene‐expression data and full clinical annotation were searched in Gene Expression Omnibus in the joint analysis of the array‐based four eligible cohorts. The infiltrating estimation was quantified using microenvironment cell populations‐counter algorithm and absolute‐mode CIBERSORT and verified by flow cytometry analysis. An unsupervised classification on immune genes strongly associated with progression, designated by linear mixed‐effects regression. We determined immune response and signaling features of the different developmental stages and immune phenotypes by functional annotation and systematically correlated the expression of immune checkpoints with cell‐infiltrating characteristics.

Results

We identified the lesion‐intrinsic immunosuppression mechanism was triggered at precancerous stages, such as genome instability and mutation, aerobic glycolysis, activation of proto‐oncogene pathways and so forth. Predominant innate and adoptive cells were increasing from normalcy to cancer (B cell, total T cell, regulatory T cells [Tregs], monocytes, neutrophils, and M2‐like macrophages) together with the decrease of CD4+ T cell and CD8+ T cell through the development of cervical cancer. Immune escape initiated on the expression of immunosuppressive molecules from high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and culminated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Of note, the expression of immune checkpoints was escalated in the immune‐hot and immune‐warm phenotype largely encompassed by HSIL and SCC under the stress of both activated and suppressive immune responses.

Conclusions

Immune surveillance is unleashing from low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions onwards and immune‐suppression mechanisms are triggered in HSIL. Thorough knowledge of the immune changing pattern during cervical tumorigenesis contributes to finding the potential therapeutic targets to susceptive patients towards immune checkpoints inhibitors.
Effect of Cu Dopant on ZnO Photocatalyst in the Degradation of Navy Blue Textile Dye from Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Kumaran Vetriselvan , Reshmawhahini V. R. , Gomathipriya P.
Published: March 2021

The effect of synthesized zinc oxide and copper‐doped zinc oxide in the removal of reactive navy blue dye by photocatalytic action is discussed. ZnO and Cu@ZnO were synthesized in nanoscale by chemical methods and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The decrease in the optical band gap of zinc oxide as a result of copper doping was studied by UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The prepared compounds were applied for the degradation of reactive navy blue dye in wastewater and the optimum process parameters were obtained. A considerable removal of navy blue dye was achieved by both ZnO and Cu@ZnO with higher removal efficiency by Cu@ZnO. The degradation percentage of dye was further increased by modifying the photoreactor for producing a shorter focal length of light.
Connection of Hydrodynamics and Nucleation Kinetics in Dual‐Impeller Crystallizers
Authors: Čelan Antonija , Ćosić Marija , Penga Željko , Kuzmanić Nenad
Published: March 2021

The influence of hydrodynamic conditions in dual‐impeller crystallizers at different impeller spacings on nucleation kinetics was investigated. Dual‐pitched‐blade turbine (2 PBT) and dual‐straight‐blade turbine (2 SBT) impeller configurations were used. To analyze hydrodynamic conditions at different impeller spacings, a computational fluid dynamics model was developed and validated by experimentally determining mixing time and power input. Results show that nucleation kinetics in the 2 SBT impeller system is affected by the characteristic microscale parameters. The same was not observed in the 2 PBT impeller system. Also, as a consequence of higher shear stress values, smaller but less agglomerated crystals were obtained in 2 SBT impeller systems.
CoP Nanoparticles Intertwined with Graphene Nanosheets as a Superior Anode for Half/Full Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Guo Qiandai , Shao Hengjia , Zhang Kefeng , Chen Guangtao , Kong Weijie , Feng Xiangmin , Gao Yang , Liu Yipeng , Wang Na , Dong Caifu , Jiang Fuyi
Published: March 2021

Conversion‐type CoP is a promising anode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) thanks to their abundant resources and high theoretical capacity. However, the low reversible capacity and inferior cycle life are two major obstacles that limit its practical application in SIBs. Herein, cobalt‐based metal‐organic framework derived CoP nanoparticles coupled with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite (CoP/RGO) has been successfully prepared. The optimized CoP/RGO presents a high reversible capacity (258.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), superior rate capability (173 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) and extraordinary durability (155 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 500 cycles with the per cycle capacity decay rate of only 0.065 %). In addition, electrochemical analyses reveal fast reaction kinetics and high surface capacitive contribution in CoP/RGO composite, which can be responsible for the excellent performance. Furthermore, the CoP/RGO//Na3V2(PO4)3 sodium‐ion full cells are assembled successfully and display an initial charge capacity of 231.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. Considering the low cost and great electrochemical performances, this work may provide some new opportunities for the synthesis of activity anode materials for SIBs.
Recent Trends in Bimetallic Oxides and Their Composites as Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Balaji T. Elango , Tanaya Das Himadri , Maiyalagan T.
Published: March 2021

There is a growing interest in supercapacitors as energy storage systems due to their high specific power, fast charge/discharge rates, and long cycling stability. Researchers have focused recently on developing nanomaterials to enhance the capacitive performance of supercapacitors. The inclusion of electroactive components, such as transition metal oxides (TMOs), carbon‐based materials, and conducting polymers (CPs), is believed to play an important role in improving the electrochemical behavior of the electrode materials. Nevertheless, supercapacitors containing TMOs, carbon‐based materials, and CPs commonly suffer from inferior ion‐transport kinetics and poor electronic conductivity, which can affect the rate capability and cycling stability of the electrodes. Therefore, the development of TMO/CP and TMO/carbon‐based electrode materials has gained widespread attention because they synergistically combine the advantages of both materials, enabling revolutionary applications in the electrochemical field. In general, TMOs have given good performance as electrodes for supercapacitors by further increasing the performance of the electrode when two metal cations are introduced into a single crystal structure. This Review describes and highlights recent progress in the development of bimetallic oxides regarding their design approach, configurations, and electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications, at the same time providing new opportunities for future energy storage technologies.
Optimal subsampling for linear quantile regression models
Authors: Fan Yan , Liu Yukun , Zhu Lixing
Published: March 2021

Subsampling techniques are efficient methods for handling big data. Quite a few optimal sampling methods have been developed for parametric models in which the loss functions are differentiable with respect to parameters. However, they do not apply to quantile regression (QR) models as the involved check function is not differentiable. To circumvent the non‐differentiability problem, we consider directly estimating the linear QR coefficient by minimizing the Hansen–Hurwitz estimator of the usual loss function for QR. We establish the asymptotic normality of the resulting estimator under a generic sampling method, and then develop optimal subsampling methods for linear QR. In particular, we propose a one‐stage subsampling method, which depends only on the lengths of covariates, and a two‐stage subsampling method, which is a combination of the one‐stage sampling and the ideal optimal subsampling methods. Our simulation and real data based simulation studies show that the two recommended sampling methods always outperform simple random sampling in terms of mean square error, whether the linear QR model is valid or not.
The effects of light color temperatures on students' perceptual evaluations in design studios
Authors: Müezzinoğlu Menşure Kübra , Hidayetoğlu Mehmet Lütfi , Yıldırım Kemal
Published: March 2021

It was aimed in this study to determine the evaluations for “spatial quality,” “social adaptation,” and “individual productivity” of students in design studios, which used different light color temperature values. With this intention, a detailed research questionnaire was developed for measuring the effects on spatial perception of low color temperatures, daylight, and high color temperatures for a total of three different light color temperature values. A total of 113 students participated in the research questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS package program. In conclusion, it was determined that the spaces lighted with the low color temperatures and daylight had more positive effects on the perceptual evaluations of the students compared to the spaces lighted with the high color temperatures according to the “spatial quality,” “social adaptation,” and “individual productivity” scales. Another result was that it was observed that the low color temperatures had somewhat more positive perceptual values compared to daylight. In addition, it was determined that males perceived more positively compared to females the interior design characteristics of the design studios.
Nutrient Use Efficiency—A Metric to Inform 4R Nutrient Stewardship
Authors: Jones John D.
Published: March 2021

An increasing frequency of environmental stresses on crop yields, concern of air and water quality, and financial pressure all warrant the need for a focus on nutrient use efficiency (NUE). For the values to be meaningful at the farm level, a relationship between management decisions and NUE should be identified. The status and trend of NUE in U.S. cropping systems will be discussed to provide a baseline understanding of where we are with the use of this metric and where measuring NUE is beneficial. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/949.
Community Management of Herbicide‐Resistant Weeds in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Dentzman Katherine
Published: March 2021

While the threat of herbicide‐resistant (HR) weeds continues to grow, many of the known prevention and mitigation practices have not been widely adopted by farmers. Is lack of knowledge the reason? Studies have shown that farmers do in fact know what is needed to control HR weeds but nonetheless do not always use these practices. In talking with producers directly, researchers have found that they have many reasons for not adopting integrated weed management practices. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/846.
Modeling the demography of species providing extended parental care: A capture–recapture multievent model with a case study on polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Authors: Cubaynes Sarah , Aars Jon , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Pradel Roger , Wiig Øystein , Ims Rolf A. , Gimenez Olivier
Published: March 2021

In species providing extended parental care, one or both parents care for altricial young over a period including more than one breeding season. We expect large parental investment and long‐term dependency within family units to cause high variability in life trajectories among individuals with complex consequences at the population level. So far, models for estimating demographic parameters in free‐ranging animal populations mostly ignore extended parental care, thereby limiting our understanding of its consequences on parents and offspring life histories.

We designed a capture–recapture multievent model for studying the demography of species providing extended parental care. It handles statistical multiple‐year dependency among individual demographic parameters grouped within family units, variable litter size, and uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence. It allows for the evaluation of trade‐offs among demographic parameters, the influence of past reproductive history on the caring parent's survival status, breeding probability, and litter size probability, while accounting for imperfect detection of family units. We assess the model performance using simulated data and illustrate its use with a long‐term dataset collected on the Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

Our model performed well in terms of bias and mean square error and in estimating demographic parameters in all simulated scenarios, both when offspring departure probability from the family unit occurred at a constant rate or varied during the field season depending on the date of capture. For the polar bear case study, we provide estimates of adult and dependent offspring survival rates, breeding probability, and litter size probability. Results showed that the outcome of the previous reproduction influenced breeding probability.

Overall, our results show the importance of accounting for i) the multiple‐year statistical dependency within family units, ii) uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence, and iii) past reproductive history of the caring parent. If ignored, estimates obtained for breeding probability, litter size, and survival can be biased. This is of interest in terms of conservation because species providing extended parental care are often long‐living mammals vulnerable or threatened with extinction.
Transcriptome responses to heat and cold stress in prepupae of Trichogramma chilonis
Authors: Yi Jiequn , Liu Jianbai , Li Dunsong , Sun Donglei , Li Jihu , An Yuxing , Wu Han
Published: March 2021

Trichogramma is a useful species that is widely applied in biocontrol. Temperature profoundly affects the commercial application of T. chilonis. Different developmental transcriptomes of prepupae and pupae of T. chilonis under 10, 25, and 40°C were obtained from our previous study. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was further conducted to gain a clear understanding of the molecular changes in the prepupae of T. chilonis under different thermal conditions. A total of 37,295 unigenes were identified from 3 libraries of prepupae of T. chilonis, 17,293 of which were annotated. Differential expression analysis showed that 408 and 108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after heat and cold treatment, respectively. Under heat stress, the pathway of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was found to be active. Most of the genes involved in this pathway were annotated as lethal (2) essential for life [l(2)efl] and heat shock protein genes (hsps), which were both highly upregulated. Nevertheless, most of the genes involved in another significantly enriched pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism were downregulated, including 1 alpha‐glucosidase gene and 2 beta‐glucuronidase genes. Under cold stress, no significantly enriched pathway was found, and the significantly enriched GO terms were related to the interaction with host and immune defenses. Together, these results provide us with a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of T. chilonis in response to temperature stresses and will provide new insight into the mass rearing and utilization of T. chilonis.
Use of radiotelemetry to quantify diel habitat preferences and minimum environmental flow requirements of a tropical riverine fish (Sooty grunter Hephaestus fuliginosus)
Authors: Crook David A. , Keller Krystle , Adair Brendan J. , Luiz Osmar J. , Waugh Peter S. , Schult Julia , Dostine Peter L. , Townsend Simon A. , King Alison J.
Published: March 2021

Quantitative relationships between river discharge and hydraulic habitat availability for key taxa are important elements of environmental flow assessment. We used radiotelemetry to examine diel patterns of habitat use by tracking the locations of 17 juvenile Sooty grunter (Hephaestus fuliginosus) over a 10‐day period during the late dry season in a river in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. Habitat use data were integrated with a hydrodynamic model to identify preferred hydraulic habitat and explore different river discharge scenarios to assess the potential effects of water abstraction on habitat availability. Sooty grunter exhibited a strong preference for shallow, fast flowing mesohabitat (riffles and runs). Hydraulic microhabitat preference was modelled using generalised additive mixed‐effect models (GAMMs) and showed no significant difference in microhabitat selection between day and night. Habitat criteria developed from a combined day‐night GAMM were defined as locations with velocities of 0.26–1.42 m s−1 and depths <0.69 m. Hydrodynamic modelling of river discharge scenarios in the study reach showed that the area of preferred habitat was highest at 8 m3 s−1, with large declines in habitat area under low flows (61% decline in habitat area at 0.5 m3 s−1 compared to the discharge of 2.8 m3 s−1 at the time of radio‐tracking). While the study focusses on a single species, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of radiotelemetry as a means of quantifying the diel hydraulic habitat requirements of riverine fish to support the objective determination of environmental flow regimes.
Biotic homogenization destabilizes ecosystem functioning by decreasing spatial asynchrony
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Loreau Michel , de Mazancourt Claire , Isbell Forest , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Connolly John , Deutschman Douglas H. , Doležal Jiří , Eisenhauer Nico , Hector Andy , Jentsch Anke , Kreyling Jürgen , Lanta Vojtech , Lepš Jan , Polley H. Wayne , Reich Peter B. , van Ruijven Jasper , Schmid Bernhard , Tilman David , Wilsey Brian , Craven Dylan
Published: March 2021

Our planet is facing significant changes of biodiversity across spatial scales. Although the negative effects of local biodiversity (α diversity) loss on ecosystem stability are well documented, the consequences of biodiversity changes at larger spatial scales, in particular biotic homogenization, that is, reduced species turnover across space (β diversity), remain poorly known. Using data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments, we examine the effects of β diversity on the stability of simulated landscapes while controlling for potentially confounding biotic and abiotic factors. Our results show that higher β diversity generates more asynchronous dynamics among local communities and thereby contributes to the stability of ecosystem productivity at larger spatial scales. We further quantify the relative contributions of α and β diversity to ecosystem stability and find a relatively stronger effect of α diversity, possibly due to the limited spatial scale of our experiments. The stabilizing effects of both α and β diversity lead to a positive diversity–stability relationship at the landscape scale. Our findings demonstrate the destabilizing effect of biotic homogenization and suggest that biodiversity should be conserved at multiple spatial scales to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions and services.
Fibrinolysis vs. primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Verghese Dhiran , Bell Malcolm R. , Murphree Dennis H. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Miller P. Elliott , Dunlay Shannon M. , Prasad Abhiram , Sandhu Gurpreet S. , Gulati Rajiv , Singh Mandeep , Lerman Amir , Gersh Bernard J. , Holmes David R. , Barsness Gregory W.
Published: March 2021

Aims

There are limited contemporary data on the use of initial fibrinolysis in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (STEMI‐CS). This study sought to compare the outcomes of STEMI‐CS receiving initial fibrinolysis vs. primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).

Methods

Using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2017, a comparative effectiveness study of adult (>18 years) STEMI‐CS admissions receiving pre‐hospital/in‐hospital fibrinolysis were compared with those receiving PPCI. Admissions with alternate indications for fibrinolysis and STEMI‐CS managed medically or with surgical revascularization (without fibrinolysis) were excluded. Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, development of non‐cardiac organ failure, complications, hospital length of stay, hospitalization costs, use of palliative care, and do‐not‐resuscitate status.

Results

During 2009–2017, 5297 and 110 452 admissions received initial fibrinolysis and PPCI, respectively. Compared with those receiving PPCI, the fibrinolysis group was more often non‐White, with lower co‐morbidity, and admitted on weekends and to small rural hospitals (all P < 0.001). In the fibrinolysis group, 95.3%, 77.4%, and 15.7% received angiography, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting, respectively. The fibrinolysis group had higher rates of haemorrhagic complications (13.5% vs. 9.9%; P < 0.001). The fibrinolysis group had comparable all‐cause in‐hospital mortality [logistic regression analysis: 28.8% vs. 28.5%; propensity‐matched analysis: 30.8% vs. 30.3%; adjusted odds ratio 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.90–1.05); P = 0.50]. The fibrinolysis group had comparable rates of acute organ failure, hospital length of stay, rates of palliative care referrals, do‐not‐resuscitate status use, and lesser hospitalization costs.

Conclusions

The use of initial fibrinolysis had comparable in‐hospital mortality than those receiving PPCI in STEMI‐CS in the contemporary era in this large national observational study.
The effect of high‐fat versus high‐carb diet on body composition in strength‐trained males
Authors: Wrzosek Michał , Woźniak Jakub , Włodarek Dariusz
Published: March 2021

Low‐fat, high‐carb (LFHC) and low‐carb, high‐fat (LCHF) diets change body composition as a consequence of the reduction of body fat of overweight persons. The aim of this study is the assessment of the impact of LFHC and LCHF diets on body composition of men of a healthy body mass who do strength sports while maintaining the appropriate calorific value in a diet and protein intake. The research involved 55 men aged 19–35, with an average BMI of 24.01 ± 1.17 (min. 20.1, max. 26.1). The participants were divided into two groups following two interventional diets: high‐fat diet or high‐carb diet, for 12 weeks. The body composition of the participants was measured using bioimpedance. After the 12‐week‐long experiment based on the low‐carbohydrate diet, a significant body mass reduction of 1.5% was observed. In the group, following the LFHC diet, the parameters did not significantly change. In the group following LCHF diet, the body fat reduction of 8.6% from 14 (6.7–19.8) kg to 12.7 (3.9–19.2) was reported (p = 0.01) (in the absolute value of 1.2 kg). However, also in the LFHC group, the body fat mass was significantly reduced, that is, by 1.5% (p = 0.01) (by 0.4 kg). Nevertheless, it is worth emphasizing that despite significant changes within the groups, these changes were not statistically significant between the groups. Diets with different carbohydrate and fat intake and the energy value covering the energy needs of men training strength sports have similar impact on changes in body composition.
Lamina‐specific properties of spinal astrocytes
Authors: Kronschläger Mira T. , Siegert Anna S. M. , Resch Felix J. , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Khakh Baljit S. , Sandkühler Jürgen
Published: March 2021

Astrocytes are indispensable for proper neuronal functioning. Given the diverse needs of neuronal circuits and the variety of tasks astrocytes perform, the perceived homogeneous nature of astrocytes has been questioned. In the spinal dorsal horn, complex neuronal circuitries regulate the integration of sensory information of different modalities. The dorsal horn is organized in a distinct laminar manner based on termination patterns of high‐ and low‐threshold afferent fibers and neuronal properties. Neurons in laminae I (L1) and II (L2) integrate potentially painful, nociceptive information, whereas neurons in lamina III (L3) and deeper laminae integrate innocuous, tactile information from the periphery. Sensory information is also integrated by an uncharacterized network of astrocytes. How these lamina‐specific characteristics of neuronal circuits of the dorsal horn are of functional importance for properties of astrocytes is currently unknown. We addressed if astrocytes in L1, L2, and L3 of the upper dorsal horn of mice are differentially equipped for the needs of neuronal circuits that process sensory information of different modalities. We found that astrocytes in L1 and L2 were characterized by a higher density, higher expression of GFAP, Cx43, and GLAST and a faster coupling speed than astrocytes located in L3. L1 astrocytes were more responsive to Kir4.1 blockade and had higher levels of AQP4 compared to L3 astrocytes. In contrast, basic membrane properties, network formation, and somatic intracellular calcium signaling were similar in L1–L3 astrocytes. Our data indicate that the properties of spinal astrocytes are fine‐tuned for the integration of nociceptive versus tactile information.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Oral TLR8 Agonist Selgantolimod in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Gane Edward J. , Kim Hyung Joon , Visvanathan Kumar , Kim Yoon Jun , Nguyen Anh‐Hoa , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Chen Diana Y. , McDonald Circe , Arora Priyanka , Tan Susanna K. , Gaggar Anuj , Roberts Stuart K. , Lim Young‐Suk
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims

In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, activation of toll‐like receptor 8 may induce antiviral immunity and drive functional cure. Selgantolimod, a toll‐like receptor 8 agonist, was evaluated in patients with CHB who were virally suppressed on oral antiviral treatment or viremic and not on oral antiviral treatment.

Approach and Results

In this phase 1b study, patients were randomized 4:1 to receive either selgantolimod or placebo once weekly. Virally suppressed patients received either 1.5 mg (for 2 weeks) or 3 mg (for 2 weeks or 4 weeks). Viremic patients received 3 mg for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety, as assessed by adverse events (AEs), laboratory abnormalities, and vital sign examination. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were assessed by plasma analysis. A total of 38 patients (28 virally suppressed, 10 viremic) were enrolled from six sites in Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea. Twenty patients (53%) experienced an AE and 32 (84%) had laboratory abnormalities, all of which were mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs were headache (32%), nausea (24%), and dizziness (13%). With a half‐life of 5 hours, no accumulation of selgantolimod was observed with multiple dosing. Selgantolimod induced transient dose‐dependent increases in serum cytokines, including IL‐12p40 and IL‐1RA, which are important for the expansion and activity of multiple T‐ cell subsets and innate immunity.

Conclusion

Selgantolimod was safe and well‐tolerated in virally suppressed and viremic patients with CHB and elicited cytokine responses consistent with target engagement. Further studies with longer durations of selgantolimod treatment are required to evaluate efficacy.