bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelowanie dzietności: adaptacja modelu Lee–Cartera
Authors: Otto Wojciech , Niemczynowicz Jagoda
Published: March 2021

We present modified Lee–Carter models for modelling fertility. We analyse Polish Central Statistical Office data on total births by age of mothers in Poland from 1971 to 2018 and the age of mothers at the moment of giving birth to the first child in Poland from 1971 to 2017. Although Lee–Carter model was designed for mortality modelling and forecasting, we adapt it to highlight a direct relationship between the model parameters and the evolution of gross reproduction rate and the average age of giving birth to the first child, both in cross-sectional and cohort view.
Cáncer de mama asociado a mutación en genes BRCA-1 y BRCA-2
Authors: Chavarría Campos Gary Felipe , Blanco Naranjo Erick Gerardo , Garita Fallas Yorlin María
Published: March 2021

El cáncer de mama es el tumor maligno más frecuente en mujeres y la primera causa de muerte en países desarrollados. Su incidencia está en aumento pero su diagnóstico precoz ha logrado disminuir la mortalidad. En algunas ocasiones, el cáncer de mama obedece a mutaciones genéticas heredadas. El tejido tumoral de los cánceres de mama relacionado a mutaciones en la línea germinal requiere un detallado estudio histológico y molecular que determinen las principales características del tumor a fin de establecer riesgo, manejo, pronóstico y sobrevida del paciente. Los genes mayormente implicados a mutaciones en la línea germinal son el BRCA1 y BRCA2. Aquellos tumores asociados a estas mutaciones presentan características tumorales más agresivas en relación a quienes no portan una mutación, lo que se relaciona a un peor pronóstico.
Abordaje de un paciente adulto con una masa en cuello
Authors: Baraquiso Pazos Maribel , Solano Hidalgo John Alejandro
Published: March 2021

Las masas en cuello constituyen un motivo de consulta muy frecuente en la práctica de medicina general. Pueden ser la única sintomatología que presente un paciente adulto con una neoplasia ya sea maligna o benigna de la región cervical. La etiología infecciosa constituye una causa muy frecuente; sin embargo, se debe siempre descartar malignidad en pacientes que presenten factores de riesgo para desarrollar cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Los estudios complementarios deben realizarse de manera individualizada según el paciente a tratar. La referencia al especialista debe hacerse de forma precoz así como el tratamiento específico para mejorar el pronóstico del paciente.
ФАЛЬСИФІКАЦІЯ ЦІННИХ ПАПЕРІВ В РОСІЙСЬКІЙ ІМПЕРІЇ
Authors: Бойко-Гагарін Андрій
Published: March 2021

Проблема виготовлення фальшивих грошей протягом всієї історії була гострою для будь-якої світової держави. Окрім власне грошей, зловмисників приваблювали і інші матеріальні активи – цінні папери, різного роду документи, що давали можливість незаконно скористатись матеріальними благами, майном чи отримати послуги без грошових затрат. Підробці підлягали найрізноманітніші документи та цінні папери, що могли полегшити життя чи надати прибуток окремим особам. В карних справах державних історичних архівів збережено свідчення про фальсифікацію векселів, облігацій державної позики, акцій та купонів облігацій, а також поштових марок, незаконне виготовлення яких прирівнювалось до фальшивомонетництва. На території України були зафіксовані випадки фальсифікації: виграшних білетів 1-ого внутрішньої державної позики, купонів облігацій «Позика Свободи», фальшивих акцій «Товариства Путилівських заводів», купонів Московського кредитного товариства, Київського земельного банку. У 1912 році на шпальтах газет по всій Російській імперії повідомлялось про гучну справу фальсифікації купонів 4½ % закладних листів Харківського земельного банку.
Підробка цінних паперів була не менш популярною, аніж виготовлення фальшивих грошей. Технологічно ступінь складності було навіть дещо меншою, а потенційні суми, які можна було отримати по підробленим векселям інколи досягали вражаючих розмірів, що задокументовано в джерелах.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ КОМУНІКАТИВНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ В МЕРЕЖЕВОМУ СУСПІЛЬСТВІ
Authors: Ісайкін Олена , Зленко Алла
Published: March 2021

Сучасний світ зазнає постійних змін і трансформацій внаслідок глобалізаційних процесів, особливо помітно це відчувається завдяки розвитку комунікативної активності населення планети. Як наслідок, сформувався новий тип соціальної структури та нова форма соціальної організації людей, які отримали назву «мережеве суспільством». Особливим середовищем спілкування, що з кожним днем відіграє все більш важливу роль майже у всіх сферах діяльності сучасної людини став Інтернет. Завдяки доступності інтернет-технологій з’явилися нові можливості комунікації, які формують особливу сферу інформаційної взаємодії. В результаті залучення до комунікативного простору, з одного боку, соціальних, політичних, історичних, етнічних, культурних, комунікативних і медійних чинників, а з іншого –  комп’ютерів і комп’ютерних мереж, урізноманітнилися традиційні форми, моделі та різновиди комунікації. Фактично сучасна людина постійно перебуває у двох вимірах – природної реальності оточуючого матеріального світу та віртуальному – сформованому технічними засобами цифрової комунікації. Характеризуючи інтернет-комунікацію як вид щоденної соціальної практики, варто зазначити, що здійснення її опосередковується як пасивними, так і активними діями індивідів, де в першому випадку мається на увазі сприйняття та користування інформацією, в другому – активна участь в комунікаційному процесі, створення та розповсюдження інформації.
Проведенный анализ развития информационного пространства дает основания утверждать, что именно внедрение новых средств коммуникации, в основе которых лежит сетевой принцип организации взаимодействий, предоставляет сегодня беспрецедентные возможности для целенаправленных социальных преобразований и инженерии. Сегодня сетевая коммуникация − это эффективная социальная технология решения различных проблем современного общества.
محددات الفقر في السودان دراسة تحليلية للفترة (1990-2017م)
Authors: عوض الله علي حسين هبه , بشري محمد علي نادية
Published: March 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة أهم المتغيرات التي أدت إلى زيادة مشكلة الفقر في السودان للفترة (1990 –2017 ). استخدمت الدراسة نموذج الانحدار الذاتي للفجوات الزمنية الموزعة المتباطئة (ARDL) لاختبار وتقدير العوامل المؤثرة على معدل الفقر في السودان في الأجلين القصير والطويل في الفترة (2017- 1990م)، وتوصلت الدراسة إلى وجود علاقة توازنية تكاملية في المدى الطويل بين معدل الفقر وكل من المتغيرات التفسيرية محل الدراسة مما يعني أن هذه المتغيرات لا تبعد كثيراً عن بعضها البعض في الأجل الطويل بحيث تظهر سلوكاً مماثلاً في السودان؛ حيث توجد علاقة طردية مع كل من الإنفاق الحكومي، وعرض النقود، وسعر الصرف، وعلاقة عكسية للضرائب في الأجل القصير. أوصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بالقطاعات المنتجة ودفع عجلة النمو الاقتصادي والتنمية الاقتصادية بما يخدم شرائح المجتمع كافة وخاصة ذوي الدخول المنخفضة، وتبني إستراتيجيات مناصرة للفقراء مثل الدعم السلعي وقيام الجمعيات التعاونية.
دور التسويق الأخضر في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة (دراسة حالة مؤسسة فهد المدعث للكهرباء)
Authors: عبد المجيد محمد هبه الزبير
Published: March 2021

يتناول هذا البحث مفهوم التسويق الأخضر ودوره في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة، وتأتي أهمية موضوع التسويق الأخضر لدوره في الوفاء باحتياجات الحاضر دون المساس بقدرة الأجيال المقبلة على تلبية احتياجاتها الخاصة وتمثلت مشكلة البحث في الإجابة على الأسئلة التالية: هل يساهم التسويق الأخضر في تحقيق التنمية المستدامة؟ وإلى أي مدى تطبق مؤسسة فهد المدعث للكهرباء مفهوم التسويق الأخضر؟ واتبعت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وعليه صممت استبيان تم توزيعه على 45 موظف من منسوبي مؤسسة فهد المدعث للكهرباء وتم تحليل الاستبيان باستخدام برنامج SPSS وتم التحقق من صحة الفروض، ومن أهم النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن التسويق الأخضر يؤدي إلى تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. وأن مؤسسة فهد المدعث للكهرباء تطبق مفهوم التسويق الأخضر. وكانت أهم التوصيات الاهتمام بالمزيج التسويقي الأخضر، وزيادة وعي المستهلك ليتحول إلى مستهلك أخضر ومواجهة التحديات التي تواجه الترويج الأخضر.
Pengaruh Waktu Istirahat Berbeda Sebelum Proses Pemotongan Terhadap Respon Suhu Permukaan Tubuh Sapi Brahman Cross
Authors: Adhyatma M. , Syaikhullah Gayuh , Khasanah Himmatul
Published: March 2021

his study aims to assess the physiological response through body surface temperature of Brahman Cross beef by giving different rest periods. This study used 24 Brahman Cross cattle in several slaughterhouses in West Java. Observation of microclimatic conditions includes temperature, humidity, THI (temperature-humidity index). Data collections of livestock body surface temperature was carried out when the cattle arrive at the slaughterhouse, while they are in the holding pen and the restraining box. Comparative tests were carried out on the surface temperature of cows under different conditions using a completely randomized design (CRD). This study showed that the body surface temperature was still in the normal range, between 30.89-36.75 °C. Analysis of variance showed that different rest periods had a significant effect  (P <0.05) on body surface temperature change in the eye area in the three pre-cutting stages. Providing a 24 hours rest period resulted in lower stress response in livestock.
On new synonymy in the weevil subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Korotyaev B.A.
Published: March 2021

The following new synonymy is established: Brachyderes incanus Linnaeus, 1758 (= chinensis Boheman, 1840, syn. n.); Prolobothrix carinaerostris Boheman, 1843, comb. n., from Ptochus (= csikii Reitter, 1915; = suvorovi Suvorov, 1915; = mongolicus Voss, 1967, synn. n.).
A new species of Liaromorpha Gor. from Cambodia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)
Authors: Gorochov A.V.
Published: March 2021

Liaromorpha natalicium sp. n. from Cambodia is the fourth species of this genus (Agraeciini). This species is characterized by the structure of pronotum, male tegmina, and the male copulatory apparatus.
Neurosurgeons in 2020: the impact of gender on neurosurgical training, family planning, and workplace culture
Authors: Thum Jasmine A. , Chang Diana , Tata Nalini , Liau Linda M.
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVE

In 2008, a Women in Neurosurgery Committee white paper called for increased women applicants and decreased women’s attrition in neurosurgery. However, contributing factors (work-life balance, lack of female leadership, workplace gender inequality) have not been well characterized; therefore, specific actions cannot be implemented to improve these professional hurdles. This study provides an update on the experiences of neurosurgeons in 2020 with these historical challenges.

METHODS

An anonymous online survey was sent to all Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited US neurosurgical programs, examining demographics and experiences with mentorship, family life, fertility, and workplace conduct.

RESULTS

A total of 115 respondents (64 men, 51 women; age range 25–67 years) had trained at 49 different US residencies. Mentorship rates were very high among men and women in medical school and residency. However, women were significantly more likely than men to have a female mentor in residency. During residency, 33% of women versus 44% of men had children, and significantly fewer women interested in having a child were able to do so in residency, compared to men. Significantly more women than men had a child only during a nonclinical year (56.3% vs 19.0%, respectively). Thirty-nine percent of women and 25% of men reported difficulty conceiving. The major difficulty for men was stress, whereas women reported the physical challenges of pregnancy itself (workplace teratogens, morning sickness, etc.). Failed birth rates peaked during residency (0.33) versus those before (0.00) and after residency (0.25).

Women (80%) experience microaggressions in the workplace significantly more than men (36%; p < 0.001). Ninety-five percent of macro-/microaggressions toward female neurosurgeons were about their gender, compared to 9% of those toward men (p < 0.001). The most common overall perpetrators were senior male residents and attendings, followed by male patients (against women) and female nurses or midlevel providers (against men).

CONCLUSIONS

Accurate depictions of neurosurgery experiences and open discussions of the potential impacts of gender may allow for 1) decreased attrition due to more accurate expectations and 2) improved characterization of gender differences in neurosurgery so the profession can work to address gender inequality.
Atypical presentation of rotational vertebral artery insufficiency: illustrative case
Authors: Kantak Pranish A. , Priya Sarv , Bathla Girish , Zanaty Mario , Hitchon Patrick W.
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Rotational vertebral artery insufficiency (RVAI), also known as bow hunter’s syndrome, is an uncommon cause of vertebrobasilar insufficiency that leads to signs of posterior circulation ischemia during head rotation. RVAI can be subdivided on the basis of the anatomical location of vertebral artery compression into atlantoaxial RVAI (pathology at C1-C2) or subaxial RVAI (pathology below C2). Typically, RVAI is only seen with contralateral vertebral artery pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypoplasia, or morphological atypia.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors present a unique case of atlantoaxial RVAI due to rotational instability, causing marked subluxation of the C1-C2 facet joints. This case is unique in both the mechanism of compression and the lack of contralateral vertebral artery pathology. The patient was successfully treated with posterior C1-C2 instrumentation and fusion.

LESSONS

When evaluating patients for RVAI, neurosurgeons should be aware of the variety of pathological causes, including rotational instability from facet joint subluxation. Due to the heterogeneous nature of the pathologies causing RVAI, care must be taken to decide if conservative management or surgical correction is the right course of action. Because of this heterogeneous nature, there is no set guideline for the treatment or management of RVAI.
Removal of malformation in cerebral proliferative angiopathy: illustrative case
Authors: Choi Gwang Yoon , Choi Hyuk Jai , Jeon Jin Pyeong , Yang Jin Seo , Kang Suk-Hyung , Cho Yong-Jun
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare vascular disorder distinct from arteriovenous malformation. Because of the disorder’s rarity, there is still a controversy on the most promising treatment method for CPA. However, several meta-analysis articles suggest indirect vascularization such as encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis as an effective way of treating symptoms that are medically uncontrolled.

OBSERVATIONS

The authors describe a case of an 11-year-old boy with this disease, who had epilepsy that was intractable despite conservative management. The patient recovered from his symptoms after the vascular malformation was surgically removed. This is the first reported case of surgical removal in CPA.

LESSONS

Although further investigation on the best treatment for CPA is needed, the authors believe surgical intervention may also be an effective treatment modality when a patient presents with persisting symptoms.
Successful neurosurgical separation of conjoined spinal cords in pygopagus twins: illustrative cases
Authors: Yokota Chisato , Kagawa Naoki , Bamba Yohei , Tazuke Yuko , Kitabatake Yasuji , Nakagawa Tomoyoshi , Hirayama Ryuichi , Okuyama Hiroomi , Kishima Haruhiko
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Conjoined twins represent a rare congenital malformation. Pygopagus twins are fused at the sacrum and perineum, with union of the spine. The authors report a successful separation of a unique case of pygopagus twins sharing a U-shaped spinal cord, which the authors identified through aberrant nerves by intraoperative physiological spinal root examination.

OBSERVATIONS

The 6-month-old male pygopagus conjoined twins, who were diagnosed in the prenatal period, underwent separation. They had a single dural sac containing a U-shaped continuous spinal cord; their filum terminale appeared completely fused and the anatomical border of the spinal cord was not distinguishable. A triggered electromyogram (tEMG) was used on each nerve root to determine which belonged to one twin versus the other, to detect nerve cross, and to identify functional midline cleavage. Finally, the twins were separated after spinal division. Both twins recovered uneventfully with no lower limb neurological deficits or walking impairment for 16 months.

LESSONS

Pygopagus twins with a conjoined spinal cord are very rare, but a good long-term functional prognosis can be expected with successful separation. Intraoperative tEMG is useful in spinal separation surgery for twins with a conjoined spinal cord.
METHODOLOGY OF INCREASING THE QUALITY OF THE PROCESS OF ANALYSIS OF THE MATURE LEVEL OF DEPLOYED PROCESSES BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC MODELS
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Nazarewicz S. A. , Vinnichenko A. V. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the characteristics of the maturity levels of processes in accordance with the regulations specified in GOST R ISO / IEC 15504-2-2009. The problems of identifying the states of processes during their life cycle are described, based on the rating and indirect signs characterizing the transition from one classification group to another. To complement the methodology for describing business processes and identifying the level of maturity of newly deployed processes, the apparatus of fuzzy sets is used, with the use and justification of the trapezoidal membership function. The methodology will allow to characterize the state of business processes and create a reasoned judgment about their belonging to a certain level of maturity, which will be relevant in order to make a decision on the modernization or restructuring of the business process.
DEFECTIVE CYLINDER BLOCK OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Summanen A. V.
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the issues of assessing the technical condition of the cylinder block. The necessary parameters for assessing the technical condition of the cylinder block have been determined. How and how to measure and calculate this or that parameter is presented in detail. Methods for calculating the parameters are presented. A measurement scheme and a technique for constructing a wear diagram of the inner diameter of a cylinder are proposed in order to visually assess the wear and its appearance. The method for calculating the repair size is presented. The questions of the influence of these parameters on the operability of the cylinder block and the internal combustion engine as a whole are considered.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE LAYOUT OF THE REFRIGERATED WAREHOUSE
Authors:   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Eglit Y. Y. , Eglit К. Y. ,   Saint-Petersburg Institute of economics and management, Balybin A. R. ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping, Vasil`eva T. А. ,   Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the issues of justifying the layout of a refrigerated warehouse. This takes into account the peculiarity of the refrigerated warehouse associated with the need to comply with the temperature regime, indicators of the efficiency of technological processes of the warehouse and other requirements necessary for storing perishable goods.
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVENESS MARITIME TRANSPORT NODE
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace Instrumentation, Akunets E. I.
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the sea transport node of the Russian Federation. The conditions of competitiveness of sea nodes and the influence of foreign ports are stated. The conditions for the functioning of sea transport node and the principles of the formation of competitiveness are shown. The criteria of competitiveness of sea nodes, which are distinguished by both shipowners and cargo owners, are considered. The evolution of the development of sea transport node is described.
Psychological and Linguistic Analysis of Concept «Unynie» as a Clue to the Framework of Suicides
Authors: Добросельский Александр
Published: March 2021

Автор статьи ставит целью найти механизм суицида через анализ слова и понятия «уныние». В качестве методов используются этимологический анализ, анализ слова «уныние» на стыке богословия, психологии и лингвистики. Указанные методы позволяют понять, что «уныние» происходит от славянского слова «ныть (нытьё)», которое использовалось для описания неблагополучия телесного. С помощью приставки «у» было создано новое слово, имеющее тот же смысл неблагополучного состояния, но для духа человека, что подтверждается несколькими древними текстами. Общий для этих слов праиндоевропейский корень «nu» подразумевает бездеятельное, беспечное и бесперспективное предстояние перед исполненным нужды и мучений настоящим и отчаяние в будущем. Данный вывод весьма важен для изучения механизма суицидального поведения, дабы найти методы его разрушения, который могли бы взять на вооружение педагоги и психологи. Последнюю тему мы предложим читателю в следующей статье.

In the act of suicide there is an enforcement mechanism that matures in low spirits and is triggered by despair. The key issue is finding a method to destroy such a mechanism in order to help educators and psychologists. This article is an attempt to find the framework of suicide through an analysis of the word and concept of «уныние». The etymological study of the word «уныние» shows that it has an artificial origin and occurs for any functions only in the Slavonic Church and languages it influenced on. The word «уныние» is used to name a sinful situation. The study of the word «уныние» is at the intersection of theology, psychology and linguistics and makes it possible to understand that the word «уныние» came into existent simultaneously with the Church Slavonic. There was a word «ныть (нытьё)» in the Slavic languages. It is used to describe physical ill-being. The new word was created by adding prefix «у» to describe spiritual ill-being. Some ancient texts corroborate it. Common for these words etymological proto-indo-european root «nu» fills the word «уныние» with the meaning of inactive, careless and hopeless status before the miserable and bitter, present and desolation in the future. This conclusion is highly significant to follow in the next article, studying the framework of suicidal behavior.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GIVING AROMATERAPY LEMONS AND GINGER DRINKS TO REDUCE EMESIS GRAVIDARUM ON PREGNANT WOMEN TRIMESTER I IN BPM YUSIDAH EDWARD PALEMBANG IN 2018
Authors: Asmar Rosmiarti , Maya Aminah , Novitasari Cica
Published: March 2021

Many pregnant women experience emesis gravidarum in the first trimester. Nausea vomiting can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is aromatherapy lemon which has an effect on the inhaler, such as calmness and freshness of the body so that it can reduce nausea and vomiting. In addition, ginger drinks also include non-pharmacological drugs, ginger has a fragrant aroma that can refresh the body ,and the oloresin can warm the body so that it can reduce nausea vomiting. The aim of this study is to find out the application of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum in pregnant women and to find out the frequency distribution before and after the application of aromatherpy lemon and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum trimester I. The method of this study was a one group pre-post-test pre-experiment research and used the Wilcooxon test statistic test. This study obtained interviews through direct observation sheets. The results of administration were given to 15 respondents of lemon aromatherapy and 15 respondents of ginger drinks done twice a day for 3 to 7 days. The amount of nausea and vomiting was taken through average value before and after administration of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks. The conclusion of this study is that Aromatherapy lemon and ginger drinks were proven to reduce emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women in Yusidah Edward Palembang BPM in 2018. Hopefully there are some researches that related to other kinds of aromatherapy that useful for pregnancy
Das wollende Subjekt. Annäherungen an Wittgensteins Ethik
Authors: Reichardt Bastian
Published: March 2021

One of the basic notions of ethics is certainly the concept of the will. Although in his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, Wittgenstein excludes that ethical sentences can be meaningfully formulated, the conception of the will occupies a prominent position in his book. This supposed
tension in the Tractatus is not accidental, but an integral part of Wittgenstein's concern to reach a new, non-philosophical approach towards ethics.
Analysis of central retinal microcirculation in glaucoma after neuroretinoprotective treatment
Authors:   Hospital for War Veterans No. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, Glazko N.G. , Egorov А.Е. ,   Hospital for War Veterans No. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

fractions of polypeptides (Retinalamin) were performed in the study group. Conventional treatment for glaucomatous optic neuropathy (antioxidants, vasodilators, nootropic drugs, and retinoprotectors) was performed in the control group. Results: in the study group, FAZ area reduced by 33% immediately after the treatment, by 28.7% after 1 month, and by 16.8% after 6 months compared to baseline. In addition, FAZ perimeter reduced by 26.7%, 17.6%, and 8.1%, respectively, compared to baseline. No significant changes in visual acuity, visual field indices, and FAZ parameters were revealed. Moderate and strong correlation between the mean deviation (MD) and FAZ area was revealed in both groups irrespective of treatment type (rstudy=-0.6044, р<0.05; rcontrol=-0.8249, р<0.05). Conclusion: OCTA assesses central retinal microcirculation by FAZ parameters. The changes in FAZ parameters illustrate treatment efficacy and correlate with functional improvement (as demonstrated by visual field testing). Hence, it is recommended to monitor FAZ parameters when providing neuroretinoprotective therapy to evaluate its effectiveness. Keywords: optical coherence tomography angiography, primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, neuroretinoprotection, modified trophic laser photocoagulation, foveal avascular zone. For citation: Glazko N.G., Egorov А.Е. Analysis of central retinal microcirculation in glaucoma after neuroretinoprotective treatment. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):3–8. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-3-8.
How Many and Why? Size Variation of National Delegations to Plenary Meetings of International Organizations
Authors: Vlček Václav
Published: March 2021

This article provides new insights into size variation of national delegationsto plenary meetings of international organizations. Plenaries are supremedecision-making bodies representing a symbol of national sovereignty as allmember states of the given organization can participate in the negotiationsand collective decision-making. However, this article argues that the right toparticipate in plenaries is utilized differently by different countries, whichmay have political and normative implications for internationalorganizations and global governance as such. Drawing upon an actor-centred institutionalist approach and a newly created dataset coveringseventeen plenary meetings, I suggest there is considerable variation in thedelegation size caused by country-based factors. Namely, financialcapacities, ideational capacities and national interests motivate states todelegate more representatives. In contrast, regional partnerships enablecountries to rely on their partners and delegate fewer representatives.Finally, administrative capacities, the nature of the domestic politicalregime, and the institutional design of international organizations have noor only an inconclusive effect in this regard.
The corona crisis, data protection and tracking apps in the EU
Authors: Stehlíková Jana
Published: March 2021

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 put governments under pressure toswiftly introduce measures to protect citizens and react appropriately to theemerging threat. This paper focuses on geo-location tracking mobile phoneapplications developed in the Czech Republic and Austria to monitorpersonal movement of those positively tested for COVID-19 to prevent thefurther spread of the disease. The aim of the analysis is to answer thequestion of whether the appsʼ functionalities complied with the EU dataprotection standards and to what extent the citizensʼ right to control thecollection, evaluation and preservation of their personal data has beenviolated. Both countries belonged to the pioneers in COVID-19 apps. Whilethey differed in several areas such as the legal and political circumstancesunder which the apps were developed and public communication,similarities between them were identified in the area of public trust in theapps and their utilisation. In both countries, certain illiberal issues wererecognised as well.
PELATIHAN AKUNTANSI PADA PENGELOLAAN BANK SAMPAH “MENGUBAH SAMPAH MENJADI RUPIAH”
Authors: Rosharlianti Zulfa , Anisa Anisa , Setyawati Wiwit , Nurbaeti Nurbaeti , Akhsani Novi
Published: March 2021

Community service with the title Accounting Training in Management of Garbage Banks "Turning Trash Into Rupiah" aims to assist the management of Waste Bank in managing the records of the Garbage Bank and help resolve the problems of bookkeeping of the waste bank as faced today, including reports on purchases to customers of the waste bank , reports on sales to collectors, reports on the results of sales of garbage banks, reports on revenue and expenditure of funds and makes simple financial statements of waste banks as a responsibility of the management of the waste bank to the community. PKM involves lecturers and resource persons Lecturers in the S1 Accounting Study Program from Pamulang University. The results of the implementation of the PKM conducted on November 6, 2019 were adding knowledge in the field of accounting, especially regarding the financial recording of the participants of the Babakan Waste Management Group of Babakan Village, South Tangerang. The response of the participants was very good and happy because it was very helpful in learning about financial records. Suggestions submitted were PKM activities in the future to be carried out continuously so that the participants would always get guidance in accounting records and provide financial reporting to the public related to the Waste Bank, so that the community was more enthusiastic in collecting waste because it could provide high economic value. Keywords: Accounting Training, Trash Bank
Menuju Pembukuan Secara Akuntabel dan Konsisten
Authors: Sugiyarti Listya , Effriyanti Effriyanti
Published: March 2021

Community service by lecturers and academics who have qualified knowledge can be done to the public at any level, to provide solutions to problems faced with the aim of future improvement. The purpose of community service activities in the playgroup & kindergarten Little Bee House with the concept of "Home me" with the target participants is the POMG committee (Association of Parents and Teachers) in overcoming the problem of organizing documentation of activities that have been carried out both in hard form files and soft files and recording of financial statements in an accountable and consistent manner. Activities in the implementation of community service with the theme Towards Bookkeeping Accountably and Consistently. Dedication activities carried out by the S1 Accounting Study Program of Pamulang University lecturers on October 13-15, 2019 were welcomed by the headmaster of Little Bee House and parents involved in the management of POMG. By using counseling and mentoring methods, this activity is very effective in the form of time and material reception, besides being held indoors, this activity is also carried out in outdoor locations to absorb knowledge more quickly and have more enthusiasm. With the bookkeeping applied so far manually and the average education level of the POMG management is strata 1 level, proving that they need a sustainable mentor. The response of the participants was very good and happy because it was very helpful in learning about managing the accounting and recording of financial accounting in an accountable manner. This activity is expected to provide inspiration and motivation for future lecturers/researchers who will carry out the same/similar and sustainable activities, the knowledge provided can benefit the community, academics, and subsequent writers.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, INTENSITAS RAPAT KOMITE AUDIT, DAN UKURAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP BIAYA AUDIT
Authors: Wulandari Sri , Nurmala Putri
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, intensitas rapat komite audit, dan ukuran komite audit atas biaya audit. Ukuran perusahaan dalam penelitian diukur dengan logaritma natural dari total aset. Intensitas rapat komite audit yang diukur dalam penelitian menggunakan jumlah pertemuan komite audit yang diukur per tahun buku. Pengukuran ukuran komite audit dengan jumlah anggota komite audit di perusahaan. Pengukuran biaya audit dengan logaritma natural dari biaya profesional.Sampel dalam penelitian adalah 39 perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek selama tiga tahun (2013-2015) sehingga sampel yang diperoleh sebanyak 117 data penelitian. Data penelitian berupa laporan keuangan yang diaudit oleh auditor eksternal yang didapatkan dari web resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu untuk memperoleh sampel berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria. Pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan teknik analisis data regresi berganda untuk menjawab masalah utama penelitian.Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil Ukuran Perusahaan berpengaruh positif signifikan pada Biaya Audit. Ukuran Komite Audit berpengaruh positif signifikan pada Biaya Audit. Sementara itu, intensitas Rapat Komite Audit tidak mempengaruhi Biaya Audit.
ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL MELALUI TRADE OFF THEORY
Authors: Umdiana Nana , Sari Dyah Lupita
Published: March 2021

This study aims to analyze funding decisions on capital structure through trade off theory in property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. Profitability is measured using the return on equity ratio, asset structure is measured by fixed assets ratio and funding decisions are measured by debt. to equity ratio. The population of this research is property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. The data analyzed is secondary data in financial reports or annual reports. The sample selection used purposive sampling method and the sample obtained in this study were 40 data from 10 companies. In this research, the analytical method used is descriptive statistics, classical assumption test, multiple regression analysis and statistical test. The results of the analysis in this study indicate that there is no effect of profitability on funding decisions, there is an effect of asset structure on funding decisions. This shows that the asset structure influences the company's decision making in funding.
Analisis Pengaruh Temperatur Mold terhadap Perpindahan Kalor pada Polimer dalam Proses Injection Molding Menggunakan Software Autodesk Moldflow Adviser
Authors: Suhaeri Suhaeri , Sugiyarto Sugiyarto , Wardhani Rachmasari Pramita , Djuhana Djuhana
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh temperatur mold terhadap perpindahan kalor dalam polimer dan pengaruhnya terhadap cacat produk yang terjadi pada kover dudukan pelat sepeda motor. Produk ini terbuat dari plastik dan diproduksi dengan metode injection molding. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan software Autodesk Moldflow Adviser. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut diketahui bahwa terjadi perpindahan kalor sebesar 80.213,68 Joule pada temperature mold 30°C, 60.689,01 Joule pada temperature mold 40°C dan 54.425,55 Joule pada temperature mold 50°C. Potensi cacat produk sink mark sebesar 0,1084 mm pada temperature mold 30°C, 0,1124 mm pada temperature mold 40°C, dan 0,1169 mm pada temperature mold 50°C. Potensi cacat warpage sebesar 1,418 mm pada suhu 30°C, 1,521 mm pada suhu 40°C, dan 1,6382 mm pada suhu 50°C. Pada temperature mold 50°C didapatkan parameter setting yang lebih efektif dan efisien.
Simulasi Kekuatan Mekanik Sudu Turbin Angin Sumbu Horizontal Menggunakan Bahan Steel
Authors: Putraji Syukhur , Djuhana Djuhana , Sjahmanto Mohammad , Tetuko Anggito Pringgo
Published: March 2021

Pada sisPada sistem turbin angin terdapat salah satu komponen paling penting yaitu sudu turbin yang berfungsi menerima energi angin secara langsung. Agar optimal saat digunakan pemilihan desain dan material yang kuat dalam menahan kecepatan angin yang tinggi menjadi hal yang sangat menentukan. Dalam penelitian ini dengan variasi dimensi sudu dan kecepatan angin sebesar 20 m/s, 25 m/s, 30 m/s menggunakan material baja AISI 1020 disimulasikan menggunakan software Simscale dengan metode Finite Element Analysis (FEA) menggunakan boundary condition yaitu force dan fixed support dengan hasil output yaitu von mises stress dan displacement. Dari hasil simulasi desain sudu dan kecepatan angin memiliki pengaruh terhadap distribusi stress dan displacement. Kecepatan angin memiliki pengaruh terhadap desain sudu yang digunakan, semakin besar dimensi sudu yang digunakan maka semakin besar daya yang dihasilkan. Nilai maksimum yang dihasilkan dari simulasi untuk von mises stress dan displacement masih dalam batas aman terhadap batas kekuatan material baja AISI 1020 pada mechanical properties.
BENTUK REGIBENTUK REGISTER PADA IKLAN PROPERTI DALAM SITUS JUAL BELI ONLINE OLX
Authors: Hidayatulloh Rizqi , Pujiati Tri
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk register pada iklan properti di media online OLX. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistik. Data diperoleh melalui media online OLX dengan memfokuskan pada bentuk register yang terdapat pada iklan ptroperti. Data dipilih dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling sehingga dapat mewakili jumlah data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa register yang terdapat pada kategori iklan properti dapat dikelompokkan berdasarkan bentuk tunggal sebanyak 27 register atau sebesar 52,94%. Berdasarkan bentuknya, diperoleh 24 register dalam bentuk kompleks atau sebesar 47,06%, bentuk kompleks terdiri dari afiksasi sebanyak 3 register dan abreviasi sebanyak 21 register. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa register yang dimiliki oleh masing-masing iklan properti bervariasi sesuai dengan fungsinya masing-masing dan sesuai dengan ragam bahasa yang digunakan dalam iklan.
PENGGUNAAN JARGON DI LINGKUNGAN PENGEMUDI GOJEK TAMAN ALFA INDAH JOGLO (KAJIAN SOSIOLINGUISTIK)
Authors: Nurhuda Zamzam , Dhoni A Ahmad Mada
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan makna khusus jargon yang digunakan di Lingkungan Pengemudi Gojek Taman Alfa Indah Joglo dan fungsi bahasa yang merepresentasikan penggunaan jargon di Lingkungan Pengemudi Gojek Taman Alfa Indah Joglo. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Objek yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini adalah Lingkungan Pengemudi Gojek Taman Alfa Indah Joglo. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik simak/sadap sebagai teknik dasarnya dan lanjutannya menggunakan teknik simak libat cakap dan teknik simak bebas libat cakap dengan metode cakap bertemu muka. Penyimakan terhadap dialog antarpengemudi dijaring melalui teknik rekam dengan menggunakan perekam berupa handphone. Pengumpulan data jargon ditranskip dalam bentuk teks dialog. Hasil penelitian menemukan data jargon sebanyak 34 jargon dari masing-masing bentuk, di antaranya: 5 jargon bentuk kata benda (nomina) di antaranya pantat, pancingan, nitik, skema, kardus. 8 jargon bentuk kata kerja (verba) di antaranya sesar, nge-bid, kacar, pantekin, nge-flash, ngalong, tembakin, gas. 10 bentuk kata sifat (adjektiva) di antaranya budek, bleged, begelap, gacor, ceki, paud, anyep, polos, penggaris, under. 1 jargon bentuk kata ganti pronomina (ganti sebutan) yaitu ther. 3 jargon bentuk frasa verba di antaranya putar balik, balik kanan, nangis darah. 1 jargon bentuk frasa adjektiva yaitu satu-satu acan. 6 jargon bentuk akronim di antaranya tupo, pf, pa, opik, pm, dan wd.
ANALISA PENGARUH RASIO KEUANGAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN PERIODE 2016 – 2018
Authors: Nurhasanah Devi , Maryono Maryono
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the effect of financial ratios analyzed in this study are asset adequacy ratios, non-performing loans, and profitability ratios using the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Loan variables (NPL), Net Interest Margin (NIM), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Return On Assets (ROA) in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016 - 2018 period. This study's population were all banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016– 2018 period. The sampling method used was purposive sampling with a sample size of 40 banking companies. This analysis tool has used multiple linear regression. The results of these study are NIM has a positive effect on ROA, NPL has a negative effect on ROA, while CAR and LDR have no effect on ROA in banking companies listed on the IDX for the 2016 - 2018 period.
Assessing Fatigue in Metal Support Towers in Wind Power Plants
Authors: Bezlyudko Gennadiy , Solomakha Roman , Savluk Svitlana , Lukina Anastasia
Published: March 2021

This paper describes an overview assessment of the fatigue state of three identical 100 m metal support wind turbine towers in wind power plants (WPPs) that have been used for 12, 13, and 15 years. A nondestructive testing (NDT) technique, the magnetic coercive force method (CFM), was used to measure the magnetic characteristics of the metal, in particular, its coercive force. The weakest link of the structure is determined by the degree of fatigue, and its correlation with the individual characteristics of each wind turbine structure is shown. Based on the state of the structure’s weakest link, the residual service life of the wind turbine tower is predicted. Within the general aging process, each tower has its own state of metal characteristics, which individualizes the resource forecast. Through the assessment, it was determined that the amount of time worked is not a main deciding factor. Ways to improve the reliability of wind turbine towers during their manufacture are identified, as well as changes in structure design. CFM performed on the towers reveals maturing fatigue fractures and can be used to assess the holistic structure or its parts for priority maintenance based on the state of the metal.
A Review on Contactless Hand Verification Systems
Authors: Shithil Santa Maria , Waishy Mashiwat Tabassum , Chowdhury Lomat Haider
Published: March 2021

Biometric system is gaining popularity increasingly since it provides the most sophisticated technology for authentication, verification, and identification. This technology can identify each individual person on the basis of their biometric information such as their face, hand features, signatures, DNA, or iris pattern and thus can impart a secure and convenient method for authentication purposes. Hand biometrics is one of the most widely used biometric systems. There are two approaches for capturing hand biometrics: contact-based and contactless. In this paper, we present a thorough review of the state of the art contactless hand verification systems. We also present the various modules of the general contactless hand verification system and analyze various hand biometrics features.
Design and Development of Efficient Cost Saving Algorithms for Guiding Customer Purchasing Patterns in Modern Consumerism Scenario Using Fuzzy Logic System
Authors: D'Souza Sonia Maria , Reddy K Satyanarayan
Published: March 2021

This research deals with the development of a new architecture. The system deals with self-scanning and self-checkout of the consumer products. Here we have made an effort to take the system is supported by an app. The database is maintained in the local server and both mobile and the local host are connected to the same network. As a result, the user can use all the features of this system and send and receive the data which is required by the user. This framework takes care of taxations such as GST. The concept involves designing and implementation of a cost saving algorithms by using fuzzy logic system by using python programming for guiding customer purchasing patterns, retrieval and faster method of accessibility with respect to different patterns.
Nucleic Acid Sensors onto Peptide Nucleic Acid (PNA) Surface
Authors: Ghosh Srabani
Published: March 2021

A biosensor is defined as “a device that uses specific biochemical signal mediated by isolated enzymes, immunosystems, tissues, organelles or whole cells to detect chemical compounds usually by electrical, thermal or optical signals” [1]. A sensor comprises of at least two basic steps, first, target detection and second, signal transduction. The target detection element can be a suitable chemical compound or biological molecules such as small peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates etc. Ideally, this entity should exhibit high level of affinity and specificity towards the analytes. For example, antibodies are protein-based binding molecules that have long been used for target recognition because they meet most of the above criteria. Signal transduction elements are responsible for converting molecular recognition events into physically detectable signals such as, optical (e.g., fluorescence), chemical, electrochemical, magnetic, thermal or mechanical changes.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activate 5-(Hydroxymethyl) Pyrrolidin-2-One at Room Temperature
Authors: Jeyachandran Veerappan
Published: March 2021

A new class of chiral pyrrolidinone was synthesized from (5S)-5-[(trityloxy)methyl] pyrrolidin-2-one (6) (Schemes 1 and 2). The synthetic design followed led to the insertion of various substituents at 1 and 5 of the pyrrolidinone moiety. Some of them possess two or three stereo centers, here configuration was retained under the mild condition. The new compounds also carry an imidazole moiety, which, along with the 2-pyrrolidinone template, may prove pivotal to several biological processes. The chiral pyrrolidinone (R) ring is incorporatedin various compounds with biological and pharmaceutical activities [1]. some of them are well known medicines, e.g., doxapram for patients with respiratory failure,piracetam for patients with Alzheimer’s seizures, and senile dementia, concussion and other neurological problems [2,3]. The properties and applications of pyroglutamic acid as a versatile building block in asymmetric synthesis has extensively been reviewed in the literature[4,5]. Some of them exhibited anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive activity [6,7]
Multiple Sclerosis : A Review
Authors: Chopra Madhav , Kataria Stephen
Published: March 2021

The present review is based on papers published between 1987 and 2017 and gives detailed information about the Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and its effects, prevention, current treatments and lifestyle, It also focuses on successful management of MS requires treating the debilitating symptoms to maximize function and counseling to address the psychological impact of the disease.