bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zur Entstehung der NaiS-Standorttypen
Authors: Frey Hans-Ulrich , Frehner Monika , Burnand Jacques , Carraro Gabriele , Rutishauser Urs
Published: May 2021

Zur Entstehung der NaiS-Standorttypen

In der traditionellen Pflanzensoziologie werden die Pflanzengesellschaften rein floristisch definiert. Insbesondere im naturnahen Waldbau genügen diese Definitionen nicht, da aus ihnen oft nicht genau auf den Standort und das Wuchsverhalten der Bäume in einem einzelnen Bestand geschlossen werden kann. Im Gegensatz dazu verwendet das im Rahmen der Vorarbeiten zu den NaiS-Projekten (NaiS für «Nachhaltigkeit im Schutzwald») entwickelte System der Standorttypen floristische, standörtliche und waldbauliche Merkmale. Ein Standorttyp entspricht dabei einem mehr oder weniger engen Bereich auf den verschiedenen Standortgradienten beziehungsweise in den herkömmlichen Ökogrammen mit den Dimensionen Bodenfeuchte und Bodenreaktion. Seine Beschreibung umfasst auch den Baumbestand mit Konkurrenzsituation, Mischungsgrad und -form, Oberhöhe und Prozessen der Naturverjüngung sowie ein gezeichnetes, idealisiertes Bestandesprofil. Diese Beschreibung soll die Zuordnung eines realen Bestandes zum Standorttyp ermöglichen. Ein zentraler Teil des NaiS-Standorttypensystems ist das Konzept von Höhenstufen, deren Grenzen nicht primär nach der Meereshöhe, sondern nach dem Verhalten der Baumarten festgesetzt wurden. Für die Typendefinition wurden ausserdem Standortregionen unterschieden, die hauptsächlich durch die klimatischen Verbreitungsgrenzen der Hauptbaumarten definiert sind. Die Ökogramme liegen für jede Höhenstufe und Standortregion einzeln vor. Die Benennung und die Nummerierung der Standorttypen stützen sich auf bestehende kantonale Kartierungen und gesamtschweizerische Übersichten. Mit dem System der NaiS-Standorttypen wurde ein in der ganzen Schweiz anwendbares, praxisorientiertes Hilfsmittel geschaffen, mit dem sich die vielfältigen Wälder des Landes standörtlich und waldbaubezogen beschreiben lassen. Das System kann und soll je nach Zielsetzung verfeinert und angepasst werden.
Verfrühter Fruchtabwurf in Schweizer Buchenbeständen im Hitze- und Trockensommer 2018
Authors: Nussbaumer Anita , Meusburger Katrin , Schmitt Maria , Waldner Peter , Gehrig Regula , Haeni Matthias , Rigling Andreas , Brunner Ivano , Thimonier Anne
Published: May 2021

Verfrühter Fruchtabwurf in Schweizer Buchenbeständen im Hitze- und Trockensommer 2018

Die Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica) zeigt mit ihrer Fortpflanzungsstrategie ein klares Mastverhalten, das heisst, sie produziert nur in einzelnen Jahren sehr grosse Mengen an Blüten und Früchten (Bucheckern). Bisher wurde angenommen, dass die Buche zu den Baumarten gehört, die bei erfolgter Bestäubung in aller Regel auch Früchte produziert. Im Schweizer Hitze- und Trockensommer 2018 reagierte die Buchen an einigen Standorten aber anders: Nach einer sehr starken Blüte entwickelten sie nur wenige Früchte, oder sie warfen die unvollständig entwickelten Früchte bereits Mitte des Sommers ab. Die Analyse von Messdaten der letzten 15 bis 19 Jahre von drei Buchenuntersuchungsflächen der Langfristigen Waldökosystem-Forschung (LWF) zeigt, dass starke Hitzewellen und langanhaltende Trockenheit während der Fruchtentwicklung zu einem Abbruch der Fruchtproduktion führen können. Diese extremen Wetterverhältnisse funktionieren somit als «Umweltveto». In Jahren mit vergleichbaren Bedingungen während der Fruchtentwicklung waren die Durchschnittstemperaturen im Sommer um 1.5 °C höher, und der Niederschlag war um 45% niedriger als im langjährigen Mittel. Der angenommene Zweijahreszyklus der Buchenblüte kann somit nicht nur durch ungünstige Wetterbedingungen während der Bestäubung, sondern auch während der Fruchtentwicklung unterbrochen werden.
Caracterización de la comprensión emocional en escolares cubanos con manifestaciones agresivas
Authors: Angulo-Gallo Lisandra , Leyva Granda Diana María , Perez-Borroto Vergel Sindy , González Arias Lisandra
Published: May 2021

Las manifestaciones agresivas constituyen problemáticas de elevada incidencia en Cuba y el mundo, debiéndose trabajar de forma preventiva desde edades tempranas. La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar las particularidades de la comprensión emocional en los escolares con manifestaciones agresivas. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo. La muestra quedó conformada por 102 niños, 51 con manifestaciones de agresividad y 51 pares etarios sin esta condición, seleccionados a partir de un muestreo no probabilístico. Como técnicas se emplearon el Test de Comprensión Emocional de Harris y Pons y la Escala de Agresividad de Little et al. Para el procesamiento de la información se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, así como las pruebas U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis. En los niños con manifestaciones agresivas predominó la agresión reactiva directa (física o verbal). Se constataron dificultades en la comprensión emocional de manera general, fundamentalmente en el nivel reflexivo. Los componentes más afectados fueron: la comprensión de las causas, creencias, pero con mayor gravedad la identificación de emociones mixtas y estrategias de regulación. Las diferencias con los niños sin manifestaciones agresivas fueron significativas en prácticamente todos los aspectos, exceptuando el nivel externo y la comprensión de la simulación emocional.
Efficacy of Aloe Vera Hydrogel in Inhibition The Growth of Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia Bacteria
Authors: Susanto Chandra , Member Reni Purba  , Ridha Mahrani  , Ramayani Efendi
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia bacteria as the main etiology causes of periodontal disease. One of the locally synthesized antimicrobials that is widely used for the treatment of periodontitis is Chlorhexidine, however this drug has side effects when used continuously. To overcome this, an alternative periodontitis therapy with medicinal plants is needed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of hydrogel Aloe vera antibacterial concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% in the bacteria Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia.

Methods: This study was a laboratory experimental study with posttest only control group design in vitro. The samples were Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia. The number of groups in this study was six. The sample size was determined by Federer's formula and obtained four replications for each group. Data collection by measuring the inhibition diameter using a slide caliper. Data were analyzed using oneway ANOVA and posthoc LSD.

Results: The results showed that there was a difference in the diameter of the hydrogel Aloe vera inhibition with a concentration of 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and a positive control for Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia bacteria.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there is an antibacterial effectiveness of hydrogel Aloe vera in concentrations of 2.5%, 5%, 10% and 20% on Campylobacter rectus and Provetella intermedia bacteria.
Effects of a Care Package on the Shelf Life and Incidence of the Infection of Central Peripheral Venous Catheter in the Premature Infants Admitted to the NICU
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Safaee Fariba , Kazemian Mohammad ,   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qum, Iran., Borimnejad Leili ,   Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Rasouli Marjan ,   M.S. in Nursing, Nursing Department, Medical School, Azad University of Qum, Qum, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Neonates require continuous and reliable intravenous routes to receive fluids, intravenous nutrition, and medications; accordingly, repeated interventions are essential to implant these routes. Percutaneous catheterization is a technology used for this purpose. Considering that central line infections are a major concern in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), the present study aimed to assess the effects of using a care package on the incidence of infections and shelf life of peripheral central catheterization in the premature infants admitted to the NICU. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a process assessment research conducted on 131 premature catheterized infants who were admitted to the NICU of Mofid Children’s Hospital affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2019. The study sample included 131 neonates who met the inclusion criteria. The neonates were enrolled in the study at two levels, including 53 subjects in the first four months before the intervention, and 78 in the second four months after application of the care package. The infants were selected via the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the central line maintenance bundle and central line maintenance bundle daily checklists. The catheter insertion method and the degree of catheter tip infection were evaluated before and after the protocol training program for the nurses. The results of catheter tip culture after removal were considered as the training outcomes. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V. 16, using descriptive statistics, independent t test, the Fisher exact test, and the chi-squared test. Results: The results of the catheter tip culture confirmed the presence of pathogens in the catheter and culture of 18 samples (34%), before the intervention, while a reduction was denoted in 14 samples (17.9%) after the intervention; the reduction was statistically significant (P=0.036). Furthermore, the shelf life of the catheter increased after the intervention, however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: According to the results, applying the care package reduces the incidence of central peripheral venous catheter infection in neonates admitted to the NICU. Therefore, it is suggested to incorporate this package into the care instructions of neonatal wards.
Different Dimensions of Iranian Nurses’ Competency: A Scoping Review
Authors:   Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran., Gheibizade Mahin , Ashrafizadeh Hadis ,   Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Nurses are the largest group of healthcare providers. What is most important in acquiring nursing competency is knowing the competency levels and the factors, barriers, and strategies to increase nurses’ competency. This study aimed to investigate the different dimensions of Iranian nurses’ competency. Methods: The present study is a scoping review. The related Persian articles were searched for in SID, Magiran, ISI, Scopus, PubMed, and other databases, from 1988 to 2019. The searched keywords included skill, competency, and nurse. After identifying the relevant studies, the data were selected, screened, and charted. Finally, the results were collated, summarized, and reported. Also, data extracted from the studies included the study design, sample size, research population, sampling method, key results, the concept of competency, and other information (such as the level of competency, data gathering tools, the language of study, etc.). Results: Totally, 210 studies were fully reviewed and the data from 160 studies were extracted and analyzed. The results of this study were summarized in five themes: nurses’ competency levels, nursing competency dimensions, effective factors in clinical competency, effective strategies for the promotion of clinical competency, and the relationship between nursing competency and other variables (such as job satisfaction, quality of work-life, emotional intelligence, and patient satisfaction). Conclusion: The studies did not reach a collective consensus regarding the relationship between some variables and nursing competency. Besides, the use of different questionnaires made the comparison difficult. Therefore, further research is recommended in this area.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Older Adults’ Technology Use at Home Scale
Authors:   Trauma Nursing Research Center, School of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran., Izadi-Avanji Fatemeh Sadat , Yazdani Darki Malihe ,   Trauma Nursing Research Center, School of Nursing, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: Aging is associated with changes in some capabilities. Using technology can help older adults to continue living independently at home. This study aimed to develop the Older Adults’ Technology Use at Home Scale (OATUHS) and evaluate its psychometric properties in the Iranian context. Methods: It was a sequential-exploratory mixed-method study for the development and psychometric testing of OATUHS. A draft scale with 15 items was generated based on a literature review and interviews with 20 older adults. The psychometric properties were assessed by testing the scale on 200 older adults referring to the Urban Comprehensive Health Service Centers of Kashan province, Iran. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to recruit the participants. Then, the face, content, and construct validities as well as internal consistency and stability reliability were assessed. The obtained data were analyzed using the SPSS, version 16. Also, the exploratory factor analysis was conducted using the principal component analysis and the varimax rotation method to determine the factors of the scale. Results: The OATUHS consisted of 12 items. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in two factors explaining 69.6% of the variance. The internal consistency of the scale was acceptable (r=0.88); it was 0.93 for the “in-kitchen technologies” and 0.87 for “out-of-kitchen technologies” dimensions. Besides, an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.95 was estimated between the test and retest scores. Conclusion: The OATUHS is a valid and reliable tool for the measurement of the use of technology by older adults at home, in daily life.
Pedagogical Implications of Error Analysis on English Writing in the High School
Authors: Ming Na
Published: May 2021

As error analysis relating to English writing has been advanced, error analysis on English writing in the high school is much less concerned. Moreover, the great significance of English writing in the high school has been recognized by teachers and educators. And as an efficient and effective way to figure out students' mastery of English, error analysis has gained its popularity in the process of teaching English writing. Thus, it is necessary for teachers to pay attention to error analysis and apply it into their teaching.
Arte Como Dispositivo Facilitador No Processo De Intervenção Psicopedagógico No Ensino-Aprendizagem Significativo/Criativo De Aprendentes Contemporâneos
Authors: Pimenta Delcimar Fragoso , Rodrigues Ana Paula
Published: May 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a arte como dispositivo facilitador no processo de intervenção psicopedagógico, visando, principalmente, apresentar a arte como ferramenta interventiva na facilitação e inclusão de aprendentes com deficiência de aprendizagem (DA). Mediante a essa proposta, podemos dizer que este trabalho se justifica na medida em que se oportunizou na produção de novos saberes e no enrijecimento comunitário, referente ao enfrentamento das dificuldades de aprendizagens. Como procedimento metodológico, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica (um estudo exploratório que nos possibilitou reunir informações sobre o tema proposto). Assim, Para a explanação desse tema, buscamos apoio nos estudos produzidos por: Coli (1995), Cury (2001), Freire e Shor (1986), Freire (1987, 1994, 1995, 1998), Lemos (2002), Moraes (1997), Machado (1996, 2000), Norius (1990), Piaget (1948), Pimenta E Anastasiou (2002), Severino ( 1994), Vygotsky (2010), Silva (1998), Sacristán (2002), Souza (2000), Bohn, Luz e Luz Filho ( 2010), Coutinho (1995), Peters (2001), Herman (2003), Milligan (1997), Libâneo (2007), Barbosa (1991, 1995, 1998), Lowenfeld (1954), Theodoro (1996), Brasil (1998), Beuclair (2004), Bossa (2000), Rubinstein (1987), Smith (2007).
Fatores Psicológicos que Afetam Doenças Clínicas: Um Estudo Sobre a Gastrite Nervosa
Authors: Lopes Amanda Brandão , Pascoal Isabelle Lolli , Magalhães Evaristo
Published: May 2021

Este estudo analisa os fatores psicológicos que afetam adversamente a condição médica do paciente, interferindo no tratamento, desencadeando ou agravando enfermidades. Nesse sentido, o trabalho busca expor e avaliar as questões emocionais na manifestação da gastrite nervosa, seja decorrente de um fator psicológico endógeno ou resultante de um traço de comportamento. Os fatores psicológicos podem provocar a gastrite diretamente, dado que o sistema entérico é o próprio sistema nervoso do nosso sistema digestório, ou indiretamente em decorrência da alteração de hábitos e rotinas resultante da ansiedade e do estresse. O aumento na quantidade de trabalhos sobre o tema mostra que os fatores psicológicos incorporaram definitivamente como campo de estudo das pesquisas na Medicina. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica feita a partir do levantamento de referências teóricas para explorar o conhecimento consolidado sobre os eventos emocionais que desencadeiam a gastrite nervosa. Os principais resultados mostram que a interação entre corpo e mente está cada vez mais presente nas avaliações de médicos antes do diagnóstico sobre as enfermidades, bem como o reconhecimento de que fatores psicológicos não só ajudam em um melhor diagnóstico como são decisivos para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças clínicas.
Mudança De Hábitos Após Diagnóstico De Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2: Pesquisa Qualitativa
Authors: Bicalho Juliana Mara Flores , Sevalho Gil , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo
Published: May 2021

O Diabetes Mellitus (DM) destaca-se entre as doenças crônicas, devido ao aumento exponencial de sua prevalência e pelo seu impacto social e econômico. Os custos do DM afetam o indivíduo, a família e a sociedade, porém não são apenas financeiros, mas também imateriais como a manifestação de dores e ansiedade, além da redução da qualidade de vida que impactam de forma negativa a vida das pessoas com DM e sua família. O tratamento de DM requer medidas que visem mudanças no estilo de vida dos indivíduos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de mulheres diabéticas quanto às mudanças de hábitos após o diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com enfoque qualitativo. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foi utilizado um roteiro de perguntas para nortear a entrevista semiestruturada. Para análise dos dados foi utilizado referencial teórico da Análise do Conteúdo. Os resultados do estudo apontaram quatro categorias que representaram questões importantes da relação das pessoas vivendo com DM e a doença: O diagnóstico; As mudanças após o diagnóstico; O tratamento e A relação entre estado emocional e o controle da doença. Embora a adesão ao tratamento dependa da assimilação da informação, o conhecimento sobre a doença não funciona por si só como indicador dessa adesão. O enfoque da abordagem educativa não deve se restringir apenas à transmissão de conhecimentos, é importante abordar aspectos subjetivos que influenciam na adesão ao tratamento.
Access to the COVID-19 Vaccine in Centralized and Dispersed Distribution Scenarios
Authors: Cochran Abigail L. , Wang Jueyu , Prunkl Lauren , Oluyede Lindsay , Wolfe Mary , McDonald Noreen
Published: May 2021

Living near vaccination sites can reduce transportation barriers to getting the COVID-19 vaccine. We examine how access in North Carolina varies among demographic groups based on residents’ geographic proximity to potential vaccination sites in centralized and dispersed distribution scenarios. We find American Indians have substantially less proximity-based access in both scenarios; non-Hispanic Whites, older adults, and adults with lower educational attainment also live farther than average from potential vaccination sites. However, access increases more for these groups in the dispersed vaccine distribution scenario. Findings suggest programs seeking to increase vaccine access should focus on reaching members of these demographic groups.
Socio-economic Factors and Telework Status in the US during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jiao Junfeng , Azimian Amin
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak posed a considerable risk to the health of people in the US and across the world. To reduce its spread, various companies in America adopted a range of preventive measures, such as telework, for the majority of their workforces. Considering that these measures have disproportionate effects on individuals, this study examined the potential relationship between socio-economic characteristics and telework status in the United States through mixed logit models developed in this research. Results indicated that telework status was significantly associated with the majority of the variables used in the models, namely, age, gender, educational status, marital status, difficulty with expenses, household size, work type, and anxiety.
Desarrollo de la eticidad del diseño gráfico: perspectivas éticas y épocas que definen la evolución de su ética aplicada
Authors: Vázquez Apodaca Gloria Guadalupe
Published: May 2021

El siguiente artículo muestra resultados de investigación y metodología que se realizaron para explorar la ética del diseño gráfico. El objetivo fue encontrar los fundamentos teóricos y deontológicos de su ética aplicada. Se realizó un análisis de literatura académica, artículos, códigos de ética y manifiestos publicados entre 1964 y 2020. Esta revisión define el proceso de eticidad de la disciplina, en el que se encontraron diferentes perspectivas éticas que los diseñadores establecieron para aportar al ethos de su profesión. Asimismo, se identificaron cinco etapas que muestran el desarrollo de la ética del diseño gráfico, así como el inicio de una sexta etapa en la que existen los medios para la autorregulación. Es perceptible que existe una necesidad de construir bases teóricas en el tema, pues existe información difusa y dispersa que debe ser rescatada y acopiada. No obstante, la profesión está en proceso de establecer fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos de su ética aplicada.
Workers Protection with a Fixed-Term Employment Contract System based on the Employment Statutory Regulations
Authors: Kamal Muhammad
Published: May 2021

This research aims to identify and understand the position of legal protection for workers with a system of fixed-term employment contracts in the aspects of work relations, protection, and wages based on Employment laws and regulations. This research uses an empirical normative research method which combines the normative legal approach with empirical research. The results of this study indicate that there are still many companies in Makassar City that do not implement statutory regulations, especially regarding workers 'rights, for example, workers' status based on fixed time or a Non-Specified term employment contract and wages that are not in accordance with the city's minimum standard. As for the conditions of the workers, based on the analysis result from the prescriptive aspect, there were 95 or 47.50% of 200 workers starting a cooperative relationship without making a written agreement. Furthermore, there are as many as 55 or 27.50% of 200 workers assess that in their work activities, they do not get rights, there are also as many as 110 or 55.00% of 200 workers do not know what the form of worker rights is. Furthermore, there were as many as 140 or 70.00% of the 200 workers who received compensation that did not match the minimum wage in 3 (three) companies in Makassar City. These problems can be resolved appropriately if Law no. 13 of 2003 is properly implemented by Labor Inspectors and Specialist Labor Inspectors as the person in charge based on Minister of Manpower Regulation (Permenaker) No. 33 of 2016.
The Efforts to Resolve Criminal Cases Based on the Restorative Justice Concept by Attorney Offices
Authors: Sriwidodo Joko
Published: May 2021

Recently, several cases show the criminal justice system in Indonesia has not guaranteed legal certainty and justice for the people. Thus, it is necessary to have a breakthrough in Indonesia’s criminal justice system by using the restorative justice approach. This approach is carried out by transferring and institutionalizing in accordance with justice. For this reason, it is necessary to have a specific regulation regarding the settlement of cases based on the concept of restorative justice in law enforcement institutions in Indonesia, especially in the attorney offices. The problems in this research are: How is law enforcement in Indonesia based on the concept of restorative justice? And how are the attorney’s efforts to resolve criminal cases based on the concept of restorative justice? This study aims to provide an overview of the restorative justice application. To respond to the senses of justice in society by implementing case resolution based on restorative justice. This normative legal research is conducted by library research through studying and analyzing primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The research results show that the resolve of criminal cases by the Attorney General Office uses the Indonesian Attorney Office Regulation (PERJA) Number 15 of 2020 concerning Cessation of Prosecution Based on Restorative Justice.
Cultivar diversification of banana production in Brazil
Authors: Napoleão Gabriel Maluf , Jesus Paulo Ricardo Rodrigues , Leonel Sarita
Published: May 2021

Bananas fruits are widely consumed in the world. In Brazil, the role of agriculture activities in the economy and society is huge, especially for banana farmers. The most popular variety of bananas in Brazil are Prata, Grand Naine, Williams and Nanicão; however, all of them have at least one undesirable trait such as height, yield, vegetative cycle, pests and diseases tolerances, drought or cold resistance and fruit quality. This literature review aims to evaluate agronomic performance and fruit quality of new genotypes of the Prata and Cavendish subgroups, and to make further recommendations on high quality genotypes to Brazilian banana producers. Therefore, a literature review of previously acquired data was conducted and the outcomes indicated genotypes’ adaptability to specific region that assessed vegetative and productive attributes of new cultivars, in comparison to most commercially exploited ones, which have already shown high vulnerability to pests and diseases. These outcomes will then facilitate banana producers the opportunity to select the most stable and adaptable genotypes according to environmental conditions.
Influencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad en las discapacidades, el deterioro cognitivo y el rendimiento escolar
Authors: Pérez-Vega Doris Jacqueline , Males-Villegas María Soledad , Reinoso-Mena Edison
Published: May 2021

El sobrepeso y la obesidad son un problema que afecta al ser humano sin importar su edad, género o situación social. Los constantes cambios sociales, políticos y económicos han hecho que cada vez sea más común su aparición, incluso en edades tempranas. Por ello la presente reflexión teórica tiene como objetivo determinar su influencia en la calidad de vida de las personas. Esta revisión pretende analizar si existe una relación directa entre el sobrepeso y la obesidad con respecto al desarrollo de discapacidades, el deterioro cognitivo y un bajo rendimiento escolar. Para ello se usó como metodología la investigación técnica; y dentro de ella el análisis documental, estableciendo un acercamiento conceptual a la información científica de bases de datos indexadas. Los resultados muestran que el sobrepeso y la obesidad predisponen y desencadenan cambios en el desarrollo cognitivo, así como en la adquisición de habilidades verbales, motoras y sociales en los niños. Respecto al coeficiente intelectual y rendimiento escolar, se exponen resultados de investigaciones que evidenciaron una relación significativa. Esto afecta al paciente a nivel personal, social, académico, laboral y económico, siendo necesario su diagnóstico y corrección a una edad tempana; vinculando a la familia, la escuela y el gobierno. Las limitaciones encontradas y los trabajos futuros también se exponen al final de este documento.
Pregnancy rate and associated factors in dairy cows of Bangladesh
Authors: Amin MAN Al , Arman SM , Afrose M , Rahman MM , Bhattacharjee J , Bhuiyan MMU
Published: May 2021

The study was undertaken to identity the factors affecting the pregnancy rate in cows of commercial dairy farms in Bangladesh. Pre-tested questionnaires were used for collecting data from 662 mixed breed cows of 22 commercial dairy farms. The overall pregnancy rate was 53.6%. Pregnancy rate was the highest (62.5%) in local breed (P<0.05) followed by pure Friesian (55.5%), Local  Friesian (53.2%), Sahiwal  Friesian (54.5%) and Local  Jersey (50.0%) breed. The cows between 37 and 72 months old had higher pregnancy rate (58.9%) than cows aged 18 to 36 (44.4%) and 73 to 192 months (51.4%) (P<0.05). The cows served in parity 2 to 4 had higher pregnancy rate (57.3%) than those of parity zero (45.0%), 1 (50.0%) and 5 to 10 (46.0%) (P<0.05). Cows yielding 1-3 litres and 4-10 litres of daily milk showed higher pregnancy rate of 67.1 and 65.8%, respectively, followed by those yielding 11 to 34 litres (47.4%) (P<0.05). Pregnancy rate was higher (56.5%) in cows of BCS 3.5 to 4 than those with BCS 2.5 to 3 (48.8%) and BCS 4.5 (50.0%) (P<0.05). Cows served 181 to 270 days after calving had higher (62.7%) pregnancy rate than those served ≤90 days (48.4%), 91 to 180 days (53.7%) and 271 to 780 days (45.5%) (P<0.05). Cows receiving 2nd service had higher pregnancy rate (59.4%) than at 1st (53.3%), 3rd (53.8%) and 4th to 17th (46.4%) services (P<0.05). The cows served in the rainy season had higher pregnancy rate (65.0%) than those served in summer (40.0%) and winter (61.2%) (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present pregnancy rate in cows can be regarded as satisfactory. However, the factors affecting pregnancy rate negatively in commercial farms should be kept in mind for profitable dairying in Bangladesh.

The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 25-31
Factors affecting the semen quality of breeding bulls
Authors: Tohura S , Parvin A , Siddique AB , Assaduzzaman M , Zohara BF , Islam MF
Published: May 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of breed, age, scrotal circumference, Body Condition Score (BCS), season and nutrition on bull semen quality at breeding bull station of Ejab Alliance Limited, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. A total of 777 ejaculates were collected from 25 bulls (Holstein-Friesian-10; Sahiwal-15). All semen parameters were significantly (P<0.05) higher in Sahiwal bulls than in Holstein-Friesian. The volume, individual motility, mass activity and sperm morphology were significantly (P<0.05) higher in bulls aged >3.5 - 4.5 years than in younger (2.5 - 3.5 years) and older bulls (>4.5 years). Scrotal circumference significantly (P<0.05) affected all the parameters of semen quality. The highest values were observed in bulls with scrotal circumference 31.1 - 33.0 cm and the lowest in bulls with scrotal circumference of 33.1 cm and less. The volume, individual motility, mass activity and sperm morphology were higher (P<0.05) in bulls with BCS of 4 to 4.5 than in bulls with BCS of >4.5 to 5. Significantly (P<0.05) highest values regarding semen quality were in winter and the lowest in summer. Vitamin ADE supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved the semen quality. It is suggested that Sahiwal breeds may be reared at the bull station in the subtropical climate of Bangladesh. Semen should be collected during winter in bulls of >3.5 to 4.5 years of age with moderate scrotal circumference and BCS.

The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2018) 35(1&2): 32-39
EXPERIENCIA ESTUDIANTIL EN EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL EN LA UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Marcillo Marcillo Cecilia Del Carmen
Published: May 2021

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la percepción sobre la experiencia de los estudiantes en el proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje en modalidad virtual en la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Se aplicó una encuesta en línea a alumnos de diferentes facultades y semestres. La muestra estuvo conformada por 200 estudiantes. Los resultados señalan que los estudiantes aprendieron menos, que las clases y tareas fueron extensas y cansadas. Se requiere mayor dinamismo y motivación docente, manejo de casos prácticos, diálogo, debate y respeto en los casos de maltrato y acoso docente. Los resultados contribuirán a la rectificación, ratificación, eliminación o incremento de estrategias que permitan mantener la calidad de la educación. Se recomienda mejorar el proceso de enseñanza y de aprendizaje virtual, corregir errores detectados, manejar el acompañamiento pedagógico desde la empatía, el respeto a través de normas de convivencia y la reducción de tareas excesivas.
Rumeli’de Kadınların Çalışma Hayatındaki Yeri: Klasik Dönemden Modern Döneme
Authors: Tütüncü Gülsüm , Ünal Neslihan
Published: May 2021

Osmanlı kadınının sosyal hayat içindeki yeri ekonomik hayattakine kıyasla daha fazla incelenmiştir. Ancak klasik dönemden modern döneme geçişte kadının farklılaşan konumunu özellikle de karşılaştırmalı yöntem aracılığıyla ortaya koyabilmek, sosyal ve ekonomik değişimlerin birlikte düşünülmesi ile daha net anlaşılacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kuruluştan itibaren önemli bir parçası olan Rumeli’de kadınların konumunun klasik dönemden modern döneme nasıl değiştiğini incelemektir. Rumeli’de kadının konumundaki değişimi ortaya koyabilmek; Osmanlı modernleşmesinin sosyal hayata yansımasına Rumeli özelinde ışık tutmuş olacaktır. Rumeli’de de imparatorluğun genelinde olduğu gibi kadının yaşamdaki konumu; kırsal ve kentsel olarak farklılaşmaktadır. Klasik dönemde kırsal yaşamda tarım ve hayvancılığın öne çıkması kadının yerini önemli kılmaktaydı. Kırsal bölgede yaşayan kadının sosyal yaşamı daha özgür ve ekonomik hayata katkısından dolayı da aile içindeki konumu güçlüdür. Kentlerde ise kadınların yaşam standartları daha iyi ve sosyal imkânları fazlaydı. Ancak kentlerde çalışmak zorunda olan bir kadının iş bulma olanağı, kırsalda yaşayan kadına göre daha zordu. 19.yüzyıl gelişmeleri ile birlikte Rumeli kadınının genel konumu da değişti. Özellikle kentli kadınların ekonomik imkânları arttı. Rumeli’de artan fabrika üretimi, ekonomik gelişmeler ve savaşlar nedeniyle erkek işgücünün üretime daha az katkı sağlaması, kadınların ekonomik hayat içinde daha fazla etkin rol almalarını sağladı. Ekonomik olarak güçlenen kadınların sosyal konumu da iyileşti.
Gender, Care and Welfare: Can Caretakers Allowances or Basic Income Promote Gender Equality?
Authors: Göker Zeynep Gülru
Published: May 2021

Gendered division of labour prescribing women’s domestic and care work and men’s labour market participation continues to be the cause of serious injustices affecting women and one of the determinants of women’s social and economic inequality in the world. Certain social welfare policies such as caretakers’ allowances can be interpreted as initiatives that aim to compensate the undervalued and non-income generating care work predominantly done by women. The article assesses such policies in the framework of feminist debates on gender, care and welfare and argues that as long as such policies assume that caring is women’s natural job, they will fall short of serving gender equality. Re-visiting the feminist discussions on Basic Income, the regular payment of a monthly income to all citizens/residents of the state on an unconditional and universal basis, the article will discuss Basic Income as an alternative policy proposal that is more favourable in terms of its potential for advancing gender equality by providing women with economic security, engendering the re-valuation of care and challenging the gendered division of labour. Although Basic Income is not a panacea to the multiple problems women are faced with, the very discussion of this proposal from a gender perspective is valuable for emphasizing the role of care in human relationships and men’s responsibility in equal role sharing.
Microcredit and the Socio-cultural Obstacles to Women’s Empowerment in Northern Territories of Ghana
Authors: Jenkins Hatice , Koglinuu Batinge Bibiana
Published: May 2021

This study investigates the impact of microfinance programmes on women’s empowerment in the northern territory of Ghana, which is known as the poorest part of the country. A survey methodology is used to collect data from a sample of 247 female entrepreneurs and their husbands (189 women and 58 men) in rural areas. The majority of the sample are aged 40 or below, and many are illiterate. The research findings indicate that although microfinance appears to have some positive effects on women’s income, it is insufficient to ease the hardships in the lives of women in northern Ghana. Most female respondents indicated that women are largely forbidden by men to own productive assets such as land and livestock. The traditional domineering behaviour of men remains a significant obstacle. Despite the increase in access to credit, microfinance itself may not be sufficient to eliminate barriers to women’s empowerment and to the reduction of poverty.
Gender Violence in Failed and Democratic States: Besieging Perverse Masculinities.
Authors: Çakır Hilal Ezgi , Ertan Senem
Published: May 2021

In this book, Rodriguez aims to understand the roots of gender violence, more specifically men’s violence against women. For this purpose, throughout the book, she gives examples of specific cases such as Nicaragua, the U.S.S.R, Austria and the U.S.A., and examines these examples through mostly psychoanalysis and sometimes through by political science perspectives. The book is an easy read as the case studies - by utilizing newspaper articles- are used as a very useful tool to exemplify the theories behind. Moreover, some literary sources such as poems and novels, or even movies are utilized to reveal male desire and male view of violence against the women which are the true roots of gender violence against women.
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Chon Seung Joo , Umair Zobia , Yoon Mee-Sup
Published: May 2021

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the loss of normal ovarian function before the age of 40 years, a condition that affects approximately 1% of women under 40 years old and 0.1% of women under 30 years old. It is biochemically characterized by amenorrhea with hypoestrogenic and hypergonadotropic conditions, in some cases, causing loss of fertility. Heterogeneity of POI is registered by genetic and non-genetic causes, such as autoimmunity, environmental toxins, and chemicals. The identification of possible causative genes and selection of candidate genes for POI confirmation remain to be elucidated in cases of idiopathic POI. This review discusses the current understanding and future prospects of heterogeneous POI. We focus on the genetic basis of POI and the recent studies on non-coding RNA in POI pathogenesis as well as on animal models of POI pathogenesis, which help unravel POI mechanisms and potential targets. Despite the latest discoveries, the crosstalk among gene regulatory networks and the possible therapies targeting the same needs to explore in near future.
Novel 2-Hydroselenonicotinonitriles and Selenopheno[2, 3-b]pyridines: Efficient Synthesis, Molecular Docking-DFT Modeling, and Antimicrobial Assessment
Authors: Abdellattif Magda H. , Abdel-Rahman Adel A. H. , Arief Mohamed Mohamed Helmy , Mouneir Samar M. , Ali Amena , Hussien Mostafa A. , Okasha Rawda M. , Afifi Tarek H. , Hagar Mohamed
Published: May 2021

Selenium containing heterocyclic compounds gained great interest as bioactive molecules as of late. This report explores the design, synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial screening of new pyridine derivatives endowed with selenium moieties. A one-pot multicomponent system with a solvent-free, microwave irradiation environment was employed to afford this series. The spectroscopic techniques were exploited to verify the structures of the synthesized derivatives. Additionally, the agar diffusion method was employed to determine the antimicrobial activity of all the desired compounds. Of all the synthesized molecules, 9b, 12b, 14f, and 16d exhibited well to remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities. Moreover, derivative 14f demonstrated the most potent antibacterial and antifungal performance. The results were also supported by molecular docking studies, utilizing the MOE (molecular operating environment) which revealed the best binding mode with the highest energy interaction within the binding pocket. Lastly, theoretical DFT calculations were carried out in a gas phase at B3LYP 6-311G (d,p) basis set to predict the molecular geometries and chemical reactivity descriptors. DFT results have been used to illustrate that molecular docking findings and biological activity assessments.
Pyrrole-Based Conjugated Microporous Polymers as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for Knoevenagel Condensation
Authors: Gao Ruidong , Zhang Guang , Lu Fanli , Chen Long , Li Yang
Published: May 2021

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) with robust architectures, facilely tunable pore sizes and large specific surface areas have emerged as an important class of porous materials due to their demonstrated prospects in various fields, e.g. gas storage/separation and heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, two new pyrrole-based CMPs with large specific surface areas and good stabilities were successfully prepared by one-step oxidative self-polycondensation of 1,2,4,5-tetra (pyrrol-2-ly)benzene or 1,3,5-tri (pyrrol-2-ly)benzene, respectively. Interestingly, both CMPs showed very high catalytic activity toward Knoevenagel condensation reaction, which was attributed to the inherent pore channels, high specific surface areas and abundant nitrogen sites within CMPs. Additionally, both CMPs displayed excellent recyclability with negligible degradation after 10 cycles. This work provides new possibilities into designing novel nitrogen-rich high-performance heterogeneous catalysts.
16S rDNA Full-Length Assembly Sequencing Technology Analysis of Intestinal Microbiome in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Dong Sitong , jiao Jiao , Jia Shuangshuo , Li Gaoyu , Zhang Wei , Yang Kai , Wang Zhen , Liu Chao , Li Da , Wang Xiuxia
Published: May 2021

Objective

To study the characteristics and relationship of the gut microbiota in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Method

We recruited 45 patients with PCOS and 37 healthy women from the Reproductive Department of Shengjing Hospital. We recorded their clinical indexes, and sequenced their fecal samples by 16S rDNA full-length assembly sequencing technology (16S-FAST).

Result

We found decreased α diversity and different abundances of a series of microbial species in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. We found LH and AMH were significantly increased in PCOS with Prevotella enterotype when compared to control women with Prevotella enterotype, while glucose and lipid metabolism level remained no significant difference, and situations were opposite in PCOS and control women with Bacteroides enterotype. Ruminococcus gnavus, Prevotella stercorea, Dialister succinatiphilus and Bacteroides fragilis were more abundant while Christensenellaceae spp. were less abundant in the PCOS group. P. stercorea was significantly more prevalent in PCOS-not insulin resistance (NIR) compared to control-NIR and PCOS-not overweight (NOW) patient groups compared to control-NOW groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes and Genomes reflecting pathways related to lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were more abundant in the PCOS group.

Conclusion

Our study found gut microbiota that had different abundance in patients with PCOS compared to healthy controls. An intimate relationship was shown between the gut microbiota and pathological changes in PCOS. We suggest the gut microbiota should be taken into consideration in the treatment of symptoms of PCOS via drugs and diet.
Transparency About Values and Assertions of Fact in Natural Resource Management
Authors: Treves Adrian , Paquet Paul C. , Artelle Kyle A. , Cornman Ari M. , Krofel Miha , Darimont Chris T.
Published: May 2021

Worldwide, unsustainable use of nature threatens many ecosystems and the services they provide for a broad diversity of life, including humans. Yet, governments commonly claim that the best available science supports their policies governing extraction of natural resources. We confront this apparent paradox by assessing the complexity of the intersections among value judgments, fact claims, and scientifically verified facts. Science can only describe how nature works and predict the likely outcomes of our actions, whereas values influence which actions or objectives society ought to pursue. In the context of natural resource management, particularly of fisheries and wildlife, governments typically set population targets or use quotas. Although these are fundamentally value judgments about how much of a resource a group of people can extract, quotas are often justified as numerical guidance derived from abstracted, mathematical, or theoretical models of extraction. We confront such justifications by examining failures in transparency about value judgments, which may accompany unsupported assertions articulated as factual claims. We illustrate this with two examples. Our first case concerns protection and human use of habitats harboring the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina), revealing how biologists and policy scholars have argued for divergent roles of scientists within policy debates, and how debates between scientists engaged in policy-relevant research reveal undisclosed value judgments about communication of science beyond its role as a source of description (observation, measurement, analysis, and inference). Our second case concerns protection and use of endangered gray wolves (Canis lupus) and shows how undisclosed value judgments distorted the science behind a government policy. Finally, we draw from the literature of multiple disciplines and wildlife systems to recommend several improvements to the standards of transparency in applied research in natural resource management. These recommendations will help to prevent value-based distortions of science that can result in unsustainable uses and eventual extinctions of populations. We describe methods for communicating about values that avoid commingling factual claims and discuss approaches to communicating science that do not perpetuate the misconception that science alone can dictate policy without consideration of values. Our remedies can improve transparency in both expert and public debate about preserving and using natural resources, and thereby help prevent non-human population declines worldwide.