bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perbandingan Akurasi Sistem Penilaian Pulp dan Sistem Penilaian Jabalpur Dalam Memprediksi Mortalitas pada Pasien dengan Perforasi Ulkus Peptikum di RSUP DR Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Stevanus Hendrik , Rudiman Reno , Purnama Andriana
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Perforasi ulkus peptikum sering membutuhkan tindakan operasi dengan faktor risiko yang dapat meningkatkan mortalitas. Beberapa prognostic score mengukur gangguan pada sejumlah faktor fisiologis yang mewakili sistem organ utama dan memungkinkan stratifikasi pasien menurut tingkat keparahan, membantu dalam identifikasi pasien berisiko tinggi dan memberikan informasi prognostik. Sistem penilaian PULP dan Jabalpur mempunyai kemiripan paramater yang dapat dinilai sesegera mungkin saat pasien pertama datang dan perbandingan akurasi keduanya dalam memprediksi kematian pada pasien perforasi ulkus peptikum belum tersedia.

Metode: Penelitian merupakan uji diagnostik retrospektif terhadap pasien perforasi ulkus peptikum yang diintervensi operasi. Pasien perforasi gaster diakibatkan trauma dan keganasan, serta operasi lebih satu kali sebagai kriteria eksklusi. Data skor PULP dan Jabalpur didapatkan dari rekam medis, dengan cut off  <8 dan ?8 pada skor PULP serta <9 dan ?9 pada skor Jabalpur, kemudian hasil perawatan dinilai. Tabulasi silang masing-masing skor terhadap hasil perawatan dengan chi-square dilakukan untuk melihat sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif masing-masing skor serta dilihat juga signifikansi akurasi masing-masing skor.

Hasil: Sebanyak 36 pasien perforasi ulkus peptikum dengan 28 (77.8%) adalah laki-laki dan rerata usia 59.56 tahun. Komorbid ditemukan pada 5 pasien yaitu gagal jantung kelas IV dan PPOK masing-masing sebanyak 2 kasus dan dialisis reguler sebanyak 1 kasus. Angka mortalitas sebesar 16.67% (6 pasien), dengan sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif dan nilai duga negatif Skor PULP sebesar 33.33%; 73.33%; 20%; 84.61% dan Skor Jabalpur sebesar 100%; 60%; 33.33%; 100%. Kedua skor mempunyai akurasi 66.67% dengan p pada Skor PULP sebesar 0.739 dan Skor Jabalpur sebesar 0.007. Subjek dengan skor Jabalpur <9 mempunyai kecenderungan sembuh 1.5 kali dari pasien dengan skor Jabalpur ?9.

Kesimpulan: Skor Jabalpur mempunyai signifikansi keakuratan dalam memprediksi mortalitas pasien perforasi ulkus peptikum jika dibandingkan skor PULP yang tidak signifikan.
Efektivitas Water Soluble Contrast Medium (Urografin®) pada Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction (ASBO) untuk Diterapi tanpa Pembedahan di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Singarimbun Wilner , Rodjak Maman Wastaman , Rudiman Reno , Nugraha Harry Galuh
Published: July 2020

Pendahuluan: Adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) membutuhkan penatalaksanaan yang tepat sesuai dengan algoritma diagnostik dan terapeutik yang berlaku. Indikasi dan durasi dari penatalaksanaan terapi nonoperatif serta waktu yang tepat tindakan operasi harus dilakukan masih diperdebatkan. Water soluble contrast medium (WSCM) memiliki fungsi diagnostik dan terapeutik pada pasien dengan ASBO.

Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah before and after study dengan membandingkan dua kelompok penderita ASBO yang diterapi tanpa pembedahan yang dilakukan pemberian Urogafin dan tidak diberikan Urografin® untuk menentukan efek terapeutiknya pada pasien ASBO.

Hasil: Dari karakteristik pasien ASBO ditemukan sebagian besar laki laki (55.8%) dengan rentang usia terbanyak antara 27-38 tahun. Pasien datang ke rumah sakit dengan onset ileus 2-5 hari (74.4%) dengan jenis ileus parsial sebanyak 86%(37 pasien). Interval operasi sebelumnya terbanyak < 12 bulan dengan jenis operasi terbanyak berupa appendektomi perlaparotomi. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pemberian WSCM dan kebutuhan terhadap relaparotomi dibandingkan dengan grup kontrol (p:0.043). Urografin® efektif dalam menurunkan Length of Stay (LOS) (p:0.01). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara pemberian WSCM terhadap angka mortalitas pasien ASBO maupun durasi ileus sebelum masuk rumah sakit dengan kebutuhan relaparotomi.

 Kesimpulan: Tindakan non operatif harus dipertimbangkan pada pasien ASBO tanpa tanda tanda peritonitis maupun strangulasi. Urografin® terbukti aman dan memiliki fungsi diagnosis (memprediksi tingkat resolusi adhesi dan kebutuhan operasi) dan efektif dalam fungsi terapeutik dalam menurunkan waktu resolusi obstruksi, kebutuhan akan operasi ,dan menurunkan durasi lama perawatan di rumah sakit. Posisi kontras dalam 24 jam pertama dapat dijadikan prediktor dalam memutuskan tindakan selanjutnya bagi ahli bedah.
Hubungan Prokalsitonin Dengan Infeksi yang Menyebabkan Amputasi Ekstremitas Bawah Pada Kaki Diabetik Terinfeksi di IGD RSCM Pada Januari 2013-Juni 2016
Authors: Febriana Sari , Darwis Patrianef
Published: July 2020

Latar Belakang: Kaki diabetik terinfeksi masih menjadi permasalahan serius bagi penderitanya dan kerapkali berujung pada amputasi ekstremitas bawah. Penentuan agresifitas tindakan diperlukan untuk mencegah perburukan kondisi pasien. Prokalsitonin sebagai salah satu penanda infeksi sensitif diharapkan dapat membantu untuk mendiagnosis lebih awal sehingga manajemen yang diterapkan lebih tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan prokalsitonin terhadap risiko terjadinya amputasi ekstremitas bawah.

Metode: Dilakukan studi analitik komparatif dengan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Divisi Bedah Vaskular dan Endovaskular Departemen Ilmu Bedah FKUI-RSCM periode Januari 2013-Juni 2016 pada semua pasien kaki diabetik terinfeksi yang datang ke IGD RSCM yang tidak disertai infeksi pneumonia, malaria, trauma berat, luka bakar, autoimun, dan karsinoma tiroid medula. Subjek dikelompokkan menjadi amputasi dan tidak, kemudian dilakukan analisis untuk melihat hubungan nilai prokalsitonin terhadap terjadinya amputasi ekstremitas bawah. Sumber data diambil dari rekam medik (data sekunder). Dilakukan uji statistik dengan kemaknaan p <0,05.

Hasil: Studi melibatkan 110 subjek. Didapatkan setiap peningkatan kadar prokalsitonin 0,86 akan mempunyai risiko 2,36 kali untuk terjadinya infeksi yang menyebabkan amputasi (95% CI 1,227-4,568). Faktor lain yang memiliki kekuatan hubungan terbesar terhadap amputasi yaitu ankle brachial index <0,9 (OR 7,21 95% CI 2,246-25,247) dan osteomielitis (OR 5,94 95% CI 1,994-17,70). Didapatkan hubungan antara amputasi ekstremitas bawah dengan adanya neuropati (p = 0,002), penyakit komorbid ginjal (p = 0,004), leukosit >15000 /µl (p = 0,004), dan LED ?100 mm/jam (p = 0,005).

Simpulan: Prokalsitonin memiliki hubungan bermakna secara independen dengan terjadinya infeksi yang menyebabkan amputasi ekstremitas bawah. Faktor independen lain yang bermakna terhadap amputasi pada penelitian ini yaitu ABI (ankle brachial index) dan osteomielitis.
Risks and Benefits of Central Neck Dissection (CND) in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma (DTC)
Authors: Purnomo H.S. Wahyu , Yulian Erwin D , Wangge Grace
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The role of central neck dissection (CND) remains controversial in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Risk and benefit of CND is necessary to be identified for judging whether CND will be performed or not.

Methods: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (pubmed) using main keywords such as differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), central neck dissection (CND), total thyroidectomy. The literature had inclusion criteria english language literature with risk and benefit of CND. We used qualitative approach to summary descriptive papers result.

Results: Sixteen trials were analyzed. There was no increased risk of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury (temporary or permanent), permanent hypocalcemia, or locoregional recurrence when CND was performed in addition to TT. Postoperative temporary hypocalcemia was more common after TT with CND than after TT alone.

Conclusion: TT alone results in less surgical morbidity in the immediate postoperative period and an identical locoregional recurrence rate compared with TT plus CND.
Bacteriological Examination of Drinking Water from Different Sources in Sokoto State Nigeria
Authors: Iduh M U , Spencer T I , Mohammed K , Garba K M , Ashcroft F O , Nataala U S , Mubarak W H
Published: July 2020

A total of 50 water samples comprising; 20 well water, 15 sachet water, 10 borehole water and 5 river water samples, were obtained from Wamakko, Dange-shuni and Wurno local government areas in Sokoto Central, Sokoto West and Sokoto East, Nigeria respectively between March and May 2015. They were analyzed using membrane filtration and pour plate techniques for faecal coliforms count and total coliform count respectively. The total coliform count for all the sources ranged between 0 and 3.28 × 102 with a total mean of 1.11 × 10,2 that of faecal coliform count was found to range between 0 and 92 with a mean total count of 12.58. Among the bacteria isolated and identified, Escherichia coli had the highest total prevalence of 233 (40.31%) and occurring in all the water samples. Klebsiella spp had 99 (17.13%) occurring in all the sources, Salmonella spp 43 (7.44%) occurring in all the sources except for borehole, Pseudomonas species 88 (15.22%) occurring in all the sources, Staphylococcus aureus with 115 (19.90%) occurring in all the sources except for borehole. However, the pHs for all the samples were found to be within the range of 6.51 to 8.0 which are within WHO acceptable range of 6.0 to 8.5. From this study, it is obvious that the water sources from the areas under study are bacteriologically unfit for drinking purposes. These samples with high total coliform count are of concern and calls for urgent and stringent measures aimed at ensuring a safer drinking water for the populace.
A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study of Depression among Patients Attending the Cardiology Clinic of a University Teaching Hospital in North-Central Nigeria
Authors: Agbir T M , Okpara I C , Mbaave P T , Audu M D , Obindo J T , Goar S G , Piwuna C , Akinjola O , Tungchama F P , Nwoga C , Maigari Y
Published: July 2020

Depression has been consistently associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), it is also known to play an essential role in the initiation and exacerbation of CVD. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of depression among patients attending the cardiology clinic of the Benue State University Teaching Hospital (BSUTH), Makurdi. The study was conducted among one hundred and six (106) consenting patients attending the cardiology unit of BSUTH from June to August 2017. The result shows that, 52(49.1%) were males while the remaining 54(50.9%) were females. The mean age of the respondents was 53.48±14.77years, twenty-eighty respondents representing 26.4% were married at the time of the study, 15(14.2%) were single while the remaining 63(59.4%) were previously married. Thirty-seven (34.9%) of the study subjects had no formal education and eighty-two (77.4%) of the presentation at the clinic were having a diagnosis of hypertension, 8(7.5%) were being treated for Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD), 9(8.5%) were diagnosed with cardiomyopathies, 3(2.8%) were diagnosed heart failure and 4 (3.8%) had other cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of depression was found to be 45.3% in this study, there was a statistically significant relationship between the diagnoses of depression and gender status (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.01), partner relationship (p=0.001), substance abuse (p=0.001). No statistically significant relationship was found between depression and occupational status (p=0.167), level of educational attainment (p=0.401), respondents’ weight (p=0.06), and the nature of cardiovascular diagnoses (p=0.951). We recommended early detection and treatment of depression among patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Elderly In-Patients in Non-Psychiatric Wards of a Teaching Hospital in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Amedu M A , Baiyewu O , Yusuf A J
Published: July 2020

The population of the elderly is increasing globally with enormous challenges particularly in developing countries. Aging increases the risk for both physical and psychiatric disorders with psychiatric disorders often unrecognized in non-psychiatric settings. This presents huge costs to both patient and society. The study aimed at estimating the rate of psychiatric morbidity in non-psychiatric wards of a tertiary hospital in Northern Nigeria. One hundred and forty (140) subjects were recruited into this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were initially screened using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ) and the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) after administering the Socio-demographic questionnaire. Subjects scoring >5 in the SRQ and or ≤13 in the Modified MMSE were then further interviewed using the Geriatric Mental State Schedule (GMS). Clinical Psychiatric diagnosis was also made based on ICD-10 diagnostic criteria from all information available and later compared with GMS diagnoses. Mean age of participants was 67.5, SD ±6.4. The rate of psychiatric morbidity using ICD-10 diagnosis was 47.9% with depression being the commonest disorder (18.6%) followed by delirium (17.1%) and dementia (10.7%). Depression and anxiety disorders were particularly under-recognized by non-psychiatric doctors. Identified risk factors for psychiatric morbidity included female gender, low socioeconomic status, low educational level and presence of multiple medical diagnoses. The rate of psychiatric morbidity among elderly in-patients in non-psychiatric settings has remained high in comparison to previous studies with huge gaps in recognition and treatment reflecting the need for more collaboration between medical teams.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis C Virus amongst Patients Attending Five Selected Hospitals in Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Iduh M U , Kuta F A , Abalaka M E , Shitu K O
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis C virus amongst patients attending five selected hospitals in Niger State. A total of 565 blood samples were screened using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kit for anti- hepatitis C virus (HCV). Structured questionnaires were administered to participants and data were analyzed using SPSS Version 19.0 with P < 0.05 as the level of significance. HCV infection was detected in 44 out of the 565 blood samples examined. The overall prevalence was 7.8% with male 4.8% and female 3.0% respectively. Participants within age group 31-40 years had the highest prevalence (11.5%), 41-50 years followed closely with 11.0%,  while >1-10 years, 21-30 years, ≥60 years and above, 51-60 years and 11-20 years  had 9.1%, 8.3%, 4.0%, 3.5% and 2.3% in that order. All the demographic variables and risk factors considered in this study were not significantly associated with anti- HCV seropositives. The prevalence of HCV infection in Niger State was not high when compared with similar studies. However, compulsory public awareness campaigns against HCV infection and prevention programmes should be intensified.
Sustaining Hand Hygiene and Sanitation Campaign in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Glowing Tribute to Ignaz Semmelweis
Authors: Jombo G T , Tsor J O , Orinya A
Published: July 2020

Ignaz Semmelweis the father of hand hygiene made this startling discovery of strong association of contaminated hands with incidence of puerperal fever and deaths in 1847 and embarked on aggressive campaign to stem the tide of maternal deaths at that time and eventually succumbed to death due to septicaemia in 1865. At present about 171 years since this discovery, the entire humanity is yet to fully embrace the full practice of hand hygiene and reduce as much as half of the morbidities and mortalities from communicable diseases across the globe. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the last stronghold of millions of avoidable deaths from poor hand hygiene and 156 million people from Nigeria are yet to have access to facilities for hand hygiene.  Facilities for hand hygiene should be adequately provided in all hospitals and clinics, schools and all settings experiencing assemblage of crowds while health education and advocacy is stepped. This will serve as a mark of honour to Ignaz Semmelweis, the man that paid the supreme price saving the lives of millions across the globe in defence of hand hygiene.
Implementing an Improved Mediator Wrapper Paradigm for Heterogeneous Database Integration
Authors: Adeyelu A A , Anyebe E O
Published: July 2020

This study developed and implemented an improved mediator wrapper approach to addressing the challenges of integration of semantic heterogeneous databases. It employed Local as View (LaV) paradigm of database integration so as to reduce its cost as well as offer the local sources a degree of independence. The developed model was implemented as web service using JEE and some software development tools with a number of heterogeneous databases as a case study.
Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil around Dumpsites in Jimeta and Ngurore, Adamawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Chessed G , Sakiyo D C , Yako A B
Published: July 2020

Rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries have been associated with production and deposition of hazardous wastes in the soil environments. Heavy metals are major components of these wastes and have been implicated in several metal-related diseases and food poisoning in man. This study examined the concentration of Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), and Cadmium (Cd) heavy metals in soil near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore, Yola North Local Government Areas (LGAs), Adamawa State. Soil samples from 0-20cm layer depth were collected in triplicates and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results reveal that Fe, Pb, Cu and Chromium were detected, while Cadmium was found to be below the limit of detection. The mean concentration of the exchangeable cation in mg/kg in soil at Jimeta sites were: Fe (31.4 mg/kg) >Pb (0.92 mg/kg) > Cu (0.34 mg/kg) > Cr (0.11 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), while the mean concentration of the heavy metals in soil at Ngurore sites were: Fe (32 mg/kg) >Pb (0.83 mg/kg) > Cu (0.28 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) >Cd (below limit of detection), respectively. Iron (Fe) was the most abundant element in both sites, followed by Pb. Heavy metal concentrations in soil followed the order of Fe>Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd, respectively. The paired T-test analyses for concentration of Cr, Fe, and Pb in soil nearthe two dumpsites show that there were statistically significant differences in the concentration levels of Cr, Fe, and Pb, while Cu showed no statistically significant difference between the two dumpsites. However, all the metals detected were below the permissible limit of WHO international standard with the exception of Pb whose concentration was above maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Persistent heavy metals accumulation in soils near these dumpsites may lead to increase uptake by vegetables grown near the dumpsites and this may pose a threat to its quality and safety and ultimately human health. The need to replace open dumpsites with well-designed landfills is advised.
Utilization of Nuisance Aquatic Plant (Duckweed) in Partial Replacement of Soybean Meal in Feeding Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings.
Authors: Aghoghovwia O A , Obah S T , Ohimain E I
Published: July 2020

Duckweed (Lemna gibba), a nuisance aquatic macrophyte, was studied as a substitute for the partially replacement ofsoya bean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Four dry diets formulated at 4% crude protein were fed to fingerlings at 0% (control) 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels of duckweed meal named as Diet A, B, C and D respectively. The fish were feed at 5% body weight and was assessed for feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival rate among others. The highest growth performance and nutrient utilization was recorded at diet D i.e. 30% inclusion rate of duckweed with a mean weight gain of 5.45 + 0.309g, and food conversion ratioof 3.32 + 0.43 which was significantly different (P < 0.05) to the values obtained for other diets. The lowest weight gain was recorded in diet A i.e. the control diet, with a value of 3.06 + 0.03g. The result of this study showed that as the inclusion rate of duckweed is increased, there was a corresponding increase in the growth rate of the fish. The study demonstrated that duckweed can be used for the replacement of soya beans in the diet of catfish fingerlings, thus converting a nuisance weed into useful feed component for the reduction of feeding cost.
Studies on influence of human activities on the species diversity of Odonata in parts of Lagos metropolis
Authors: Kemabonta K A , Adu B W , Akanni N , Olajide J P , Uche-Dike R
Published: July 2020

This study was conducted to determine dragonfly species diversity in a fish pond in Igbaga, Ikorodu (6.6671°N and 3.5983°E)and a large expanse of farm land in Ipaja (6.6044°N and 3.2660°E), southwestern Nigeria from January, 2016 to July, 2016 to as well as the effect of anthropogenic activities on the dragonflies at both sites. A total of 1002 dragonflies were collected belonging to20 species, 15 genera, and two families (Libellulidae and Aesnidae), were found at the two locations. The most dominant species in Site 1 (Ikorodu fish farm) was Chalcostephia flavifrons (36%) followed by Palpopleura lucia (15%) and the least were Palpopleura albifrons, Gynacantha nigeriensis, Diplacodes lefebvrii and Trithemis grouti which were one percent of the total numbers sampled. On the other hand, the most dominant species in Site 2 (Agricultural Farm in Ipaja) was Pantala flavescens (92%) and the least was Urothemis asignata (1%). Similarity test using Soerensen's quotient revealed a strong dissimilarity in the community structures of the two areas surveyed. The fish pond had a more even distribution of the dragonflies(e^H/S=0.508) and a higher concentration (H´=1.808) of dragonflies than Ipaja agricultural farm.
Heavy metal concentration in fluted pumpkin and earthworm from roadside and dumpsite farms in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria.
Authors: Akeredolu E O , Adams O G , Ukwa U D , Odukoya E J
Published: July 2020

The study investigates heavy metal concentrations in vegetables, earthworms and dumpsite farms in Port Harcourt city. Samples were collected from the road sides, dump sites and control sites. Metals investigated were cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc and lead. These were analyzed using Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometer (AAS). The earthworm collected from road side have highest concentrations of zinc, nickel and copper. The road side vegetables have the highest lead concentration with Mean±SD value of 70.362±37.523 mg/kg followed by dump site with Mean±SD value of 10.937±4.781 mg/kg, p<0.05. Lead was not detected in the earthworm samples from the three sampling locations. The dumpsite earthworms have the highest concentration of cadmium with Mean values of 8.326±1.02 mg/kg, p<0.01 followed by road side with Mean±SD value of 7.436±1.242 mg/kg, p<0.05. Cadmium was not detected in soil samples from the three locations. The leafy vegetables contained the highest values of most heavy metals especially those collected from the road side farm and the dumpsite farm. All the soil samples from the three locations were below DPR target value. Continuous monitoring is highly essential.
Comparative Nutritional Assessment of Products made from Fresh and Dried Tiger Nut sold in Makurdi Metropolis
Authors: Ogo A O , Kparev M , Amali E O O , Efiong E E , Obochi G O
Published: July 2020

Tiger nut (cyperus esculentus) is taken as optional snacks mainly in its fresh form owing to poor availability of nutritional information on the composition of other forms such as the dried form. To address this gap, this study was designed to assess the nutritional composition of fresh and dried tiger nut milk by determining the proximate composition and amino acid profile using standard analytical methods. The samples were grouped into A, B, C and D representing milk and powder made fresh tiger nuts, as well as milk and powder made from dried tiger nuts respectively. Results of proximate analysis for the samples showed variation in the constituents with highest amounts of carbohydrate found in the fresh form except for the powder product from dried form, which has equivalent amount to those of fresh tiger nut. Amino acid profile generally showed reasonable amounts in all the samples with products made from fresh tiger nut having higher values, while milk and powder products of dried tiger nut contain more of the other nutrient constituents than the fresh one. These findings are key to optimizing nutritional value of tiger nut products made from different forms, thus, is helpful in guiding nutrition and dietetic advice in clinical setting to supplement other choices in resolving cases of protein energy malnutrition and other forms of malnutrition. In addition, the nutrient composition of tiger nut makes it ideal as a valuable substitute for conventional cow milk and other milk sources, which have become unaffordable to people with low economic empowerment, pariticularly among developing nations.
Acute Toxicity Study and Comparative effect of Kigelia Pinnata (Cucumber Tree) Ethanolic leaf extract on Serum Lipid profile of Albino Wistarrats treated fat diet.
Authors: Tarnande C I , Uboh F
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study was designed to evaluate the activity of the Kigelia Pinnata ethanolic leaf extract on the serum lipid profile of male albino Wistar rats exposed to a fat diet. Kigelia Pinnata leaves were obtained, air dried, powdered and extracted in a Soxhlet apparatusin 400ml ethanol solution. Hypolipidaemic activity studies on rat models fed with palm oil and coconut milk was conducted. The acute toxicity test of the extract was carried out by the lorke's method. Results showed that Kigelia Pinnata ethanolic leaf extract significantly lowered (P<0.05) plasma Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Cholesterol and Triacylglycerol (TG) and significantly (P<0.05) increased plasma High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesterol. Toxicity studies suggested that, the extract was safe at the doze 2000mg/kg. Overall findings from this study showed that the ethanolic extract exhibited hypolipidaemic activity and may possess cardio-protective properties.
Fractal Characterization of Earthquake occurrences in Nigeria
Authors: Abdulsalam N N , Ologe O
Published: July 2020

Fractal characterization of Earthquake occurrences in Nigeria was carried out in order to know the b-value of tremor occurrences in the country. This will help in hazard analysis and research in the geological and geophysical structures of Nigeria. The method used in determining the b-value is the box counting method, but for simplicity, we used circle. The areas that are tremor prone were posted on a digitized Nigeria map using Google earth and Surfer 7.0 software. The computation with the box counting method was performed with picked radius of the circle from 50km - 350km and the average number of points that falls within each circle were recorded. The graph of log r (the logarithms of radius of circle or scale) against log  (logarithms of average number of points) was plotted using grapher and excels Microsoft word and the slope of the graph was determined. The determined slope gave the fractal dimension and the b-value was thus calculated. In this work, a b-value of 0.6 was obtained indicating that Nigeria falls within seismically less active zone.
The calculation of Binding Energy and Incompressibility, Pressure, and Velocity of Sound of Infinite Nuclear matter Using New One Boson Interaction.
Authors: Aper M T , Gbaorun F , Fiase J O
Published: July 2020

The use of effective nucleon – nucleon (N N) interactions for the determination of nuclear matter properties such as, binding energy per nucleon, incompressibility,K of infinite nuclear matter, pressure 0 and velocity of sound of nuclear matter has been a subject of great interest to nuclear physicists for many decades. The effective interaction usually involved in these calculations has been the Michigan three Yukawa (M3Y) effective interactions whose origin is from G- matrix approach. In this research work however, we have used a newly developed interaction known as new one boson (NOB) effective interaction to carry out similar calculations. This new interaction is based on the Lowest Order Constrained Variational (LOCV) technique. The interaction reproduces the saturation energy of spin and isospin infinite nuclear matter of approximately -16MeV at the normal nuclear matter saturation density consistent with the best available density-dependent interaction derived from the G-matrix approach. The results of the incompressibility obtained using the NOB interaction ranges from 304 to 309 MeV. These values are in good agreement with the values of incompressibility obtained for similar calculations using the M3Y – Reid effective interaction, in which values for K range from 304 to 310 MeV. The results of 0 pressure and velocity of sound of infinite nuclear matter obtained in the present calculations are also in excellent agreement with results of other workers. The results of our present calculations indicate that, the NOB interaction has passed the basic test for an effective interaction. The NOB may therefore be applied to other nuclear matter and optical model calculations to ascertain its reliability.
Evaluation of Perma Net® 2.0 in the Control of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti from Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Egbuche C M , Samuel P U , Ezihe C K , Ukonze C B , Chukwuzoba O A , Okoye K C , Onyido A E
Published: July 2020

Long Lasting Insecticide Nets (LLINs) reduce human-mosquito contact through the provision of physical barrier, repellent effect or mortality effect. This study evaluated the physical integrity and residual effect of insecticides in Perma Net® 2.0 of 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years duration of use. Perma Net®2.0 used were obtained from systematically picked households within Ifite Awka and new Perma Net® 2.0 serving as control were collected from Society for Family Health. Adult mosquitoes were collected from picked households using Pyrethrum knockdown Collection method before the Perma Net® 2.0 were removed. The top and four sides of the nets were examined for presence of holes. Also, net pieces measuring 25cm × 25cm were obtained from Perma Net® 2.0 of different duration and subjected to WHO cone bioassay using Randomized Block Experimental Design. The Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti used for the bioassay were collected from breeding sites within Ifite Awka, reared and maintained in an insectary. There was at least one hole in 10%, 30% and 40% of LLINs with 2 years, 3years and 4 years duration of use respectively. Significant differences were found in the physical integrity of the nets (P < 0.05). Culexquinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti constituted 40.9% and 27.0% of all mosquitoes collected indoors respectively. There was no significant difference in the indoor abundance of the two mosquito species (P >0.05). However, their abundance depended on the duration of LLINs usage (P < 0.05). The mortality effects of16%, 8%, 7%, 5%, 5% and 2% on Culex quinquefasciatus were recorded for Perma Net® 2.0 of 0 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4 years respectively. The mortality effects of 23%, 12%, 9%, 6%, 5% and 3% on Aedes aegypti were recorded for Perma Net® 2.0 of 0 month, 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 4years respectively. The new LLINs produced significantly highest mortality effect (P < 0.05) on both mosquito species than nets of other duration of usage. The mortality effect of Perma Net® 2.0 on Culex quinquefasciatus, and that on Aedes aegypti were similar (P > 0.05). It shows that Perma Net® 2.0 offer physical barrier more than repellency and mortality effect against Culex quinquefasciatus, and Aedes aegypti.
Optimalisasi Dan Simulasi Terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Yusnita Yusnita
Published: July 2020

Cognitive development is one of students’ development that emphases on knowledge –psychological process –to discover surroundings.  Developing students’ knowledge is a teacher work. This is an analytical library research that is to show the optimization and simulation on development of the early childhoods’ cognitive. Piaget asserts four cognitive development which one of is preoperational stage. The stage is the early childhood development where they are in a golden age should be optimized through the education. At this stage, they learn through the use of symbols with the latest approach in learning. Teacher can help over the skills process and giving concepts for the students’ refinement of reasoning, so we should be aware of giving interpretation in class by giving them chances to express their ideas.
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEBAHAGIAN MAHASISWA JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN
Authors: Lumban Tobing Lasmaria , Sitorus Masniar Hernawaty , Simbolon Elvri Teresia , Manullang Megawati
Published: July 2020

This study aims to find out to what extent of the percentage analysis of the level of students’ happiness in their life processes. The research method used is descriptive quantitative and inferential research. The population of this study were all students of the department of Christian religious education IAKN Tarutung which were 566 students. The sample in the study was 86 people who were randomly assigned. The research instrument was a closed questionnaire with four options. Data analysis techniques using the t-test. Based on the analysis it is known that the level of student happiness is 78.45% in the good category. From the results of the hypothesis test that the t-test = 13.251 and the table is 1.684, where t-count t-table is 13.2511.684. Thus it can be concluded that the analysis of the happiness level of department PAK IAKN Tarutung students in 2019 in their life processes is ≥ 75% of what was expected.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar persentase analisis tingkat kebahagiaan mahasiswa dalam proses kehidupannya. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dan inferensial. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan PAK IAKN Tarutung sebanyak 566 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian 86 orang yang ditetapkan secara acak. Instrumen penelitian ini berupa angket tertutup dengan empat option. Teknik analisis data dengan menggunakan uji t. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diketahui bahwa tingkat kebahagiaan mahasiswa adalah 78,45 % berada dalam kategori baik; Dari hasil uji hipotesa bahwa uji thitung = 13,251 dan ttabel yaitu 1,684, dimana thitung ttabel yaitu 13,2511,684. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa analisis tingkat kebahagiaan mahasiswa Jurusan PAK IAKN Tarutung Tahun 2019 dalam proses kehidupannya adalah ≥ 75 % dari yang diharapkan.Keywords: Happiness; student college; Christian education
Diagenetic evolution of fault zones in Urgonian microporous carbonates, impact on reservoir properties (Provence – southeast France)
Authors: Aubert Irène , Léonide Philippe , Lamarche Juliette , Salardon Roland
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Microporous carbonate rocks form important reservoirs with permeability
variability depending on sedimentary, structural, and diagenetic factors.
Carbonates are very sensitive to fluid–rock interactions that lead to
secondary diagenetic processes like cementation and dissolution capable of
modifying the reservoir properties. Focusing on fault-related diagenesis,
the aim of this study is to identify the impact of the fault zone on reservoir
quality. This contribution focuses on two fault zones east of La Fare
anticline (SE France) crosscutting Urgonian microporous carbonates. Overall, 122
collected samples along four transects orthogonal to fault strike were
analyzed. Porosity values have been measured on 92 dry plugs. Diagenetic
elements were determined through the observation of 92 thin sections using
polarized light microscopy, cathodoluminescence, carbonate staining, SEM, and
stable isotopic measurements (δ13C and δ18O).
Eight different calcite cementation stages and two micrite micro-fabrics
were identified. As a main result, this study highlights that the two fault
zones acted as drains canalizing low-temperature fluids at their onset and
induced calcite cementation, which strongly altered and modified the local
reservoir properties.
Teachers’ Oral Error Correction in Algerian EFL Classrooms
Authors: BOUZAR Siham
Published: July 2020

The largest part of the time spent in our daily life communication is attributed to speaking. This skill allows the transmission of ideas, feelings, attitudes and information to the hearer through speech. It is in fact very crucial for any language learning efficiency development. However, expressing oneself orally sometimes constitutes a source of frustration for EFL learners as it is very demanding and requires the teachers’ intervention whenever errors are made. Therefore, with the perspective to promote the target language learning and assist students in their learning process, the strategies used by teachers to give their feedback about oral errors at the level of the language classroom constitutes the object of this study.
Estrategias de comercialización de la empresa familiar CONSTRUNICA con respecto a empresas similares de la ciudad de Estelí, Nicaragua. Periodo 2018-2019
Authors: Ruiz Castro Keyling Selena , Peralta Merlo Gerardo Fabricio , López Iglesias Francys Yahoska , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación pretende analizar las estrategias de comercialización que implementa la empresa familiar Construnica para el diseño de una estrategia que les permita incrementar el volumen de ventas de sus productos. Esta investigación es de tipo cuantitativo, porque analiza la relación entre dos variables: estrategias de comercialización y posicionamiento de la empresa familiar Construnica con respecto a las empresas dedicadas a la comercialización de materiales ferreteros y de construcción ubicada en la ciudad de Estelí. Las técnicas de recolección de datos utilizadas son encuestas y entrevistas las cuales se aplicaron tanto a los propietarios o encargados de las empresas, como también a los clientes. En los principales resultados se muestra que las estrategias más utilizadas por las empresas son: atención al cliente, precios bajos, variedad de marcas y productos, promociones, descuentos, entrega a domicilio, producto a la medida, estas estrategias son las que han mantenido a estas empresas en el mercado. Y se proponen nuevas estrategias para mejorar la competitividad, como: 1) Ofrecer productos de calidad a precios cómodos para la captación de nuevos clientes, 2) Capacitación en línea, 3) Asesoramiento de proveedores de los productos para una mejor experiencia con el cliente, 4) promociones para la atracción de nuevos clientes potenciales, 5) Adquisición de vehículos para servicio al cliente, 6) publicidad de los productos y materiales, 7) expansión a otras zonas del país.
Economic Insecurity in the Italian Macro-Regions
Authors: Gallo Alessandro , Pacei Silvia
Published: July 2020

The interest for economic insecurity has grown constantly over the last decade due to the shock of the latest global crisis that has involved the wealth and behavior of households thus attracting the attention of many authors in contemporary literature. Furthermore, the concept of economic insecurity may be linked to the concept of economic inequality, since an increase in economic inequality may be connected to insecurity and vice-versa. The aim of this article is to measure economic insecurity from 2012 to 2016 in Italy both at national and sub-national level. The methodology applied refers to the economic insecurity index suggested by Bossert et al. (2019) and the data considered are taken from the Survey on Households Income and Wealth carried out by the Bank of Italy. Moreover, this work aims to investigate the possible link between economic insecurity and economic inequalities, measured through the share of wealth owned by the richest 5% of the population. The main findings show a relevant general increase of economic insecurity in the period between 2012 and 2014, and interesting differences in the variation of economic insecurity at sub-national level. Insecurity appears closely linked to the level of inequality and the trend of inequality in the previous period.
General Anesthetics on Immune System Cytokines: A Narrative Review Article
Authors: Jafarzadeh Abdollah , Hadavi Maryam , Hassanshahi Gholamhossein , Rezaeian Mohsen , Vazirinejad Reza
Published: July 2020

Context: According to the previous studies, general anesthesia influences the immune system. Evaluating such impacts on the immune system helps to improve the management of anesthesia. Evidence Acquisition: The current review aimed to summarize the literature related to the effects of general anesthesia agents on the cytokines. Google Scholar, PubMed, and ISI/Web of Sciences databases were searched using the following keywords: cytokine, general anesthesia, immune response, intravenous anesthetics, volatile anesthetics, opioids, benzodiazepines, and controlled ventilation. Results: Long-term administration of general anesthesia drugs, due to their effects on cytokines, can lead to disease progression in patients with immune deficiency. Due to the conflicting results of various studies and the increasing number of patients with immune deficiency, the choice of the appropriate general anesthesia agents facilitates achieving the more favorable function of the cytokines. Conclusions: It seems that the effect of general anesthesia on the immune system in healthy patients and short-term surgeries is not considerable and changes in the immune system are related to surgical trauma, particularly in major surgery.
Short-Term Outcome of Transported Versus Not-Transported Seizure Patients by Tehran Emergency Medical Services; a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Saberian Peyman , Sadeghi Mostafa , Hasani-Sharamin Parisa , Dadashi Fatemeh , Mohammad Esmaeil Yasamin , Vahidi Elnaz
Published: July 2020

Background: One of the most frequent complaints that emergency medical services (EMS) deal with is seizure. The missions of EMS on these cases may lead to transferring the patient to the emergency department (ED). Objectives: Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the short-term outcome of transported versus not-transported cases. Methods: Our population sample was selected retrospectively from medical records in Tehran EMS center for 6 months in which the plan was transferring to a specific hospital. The cases were divided into transported or not-transported. W extracted and compared the cases’ demographic data, vital signs, conducted prehospital management, patient disposition, and their short-term outcome. Results: We evaluated 486 cases, 173 of whom were males (35.6%) and the mean age of patients was 34.8 ± 32.0 years old. 329 (67.7%) and 157 (32.3%) were in the not-transported and the transported group, respectively. Among all not-transported cases, we could follow 172 patients, 52 of whom had gone to hospital during the next 72 hours. 22 out of the 52 cases were discharged from ED the same day. Overall, the ED discharge rate was significantly more in the transported group (P < 0.001). Short-term mortality had no significant difference in the two study groups (P = 1.00). Conclusions: Most of the not-transported patients did not go to the hospital during further 72 hours, and some were hospitalized. Most of the patients transported to the hospital were discharged from the ED. The short-term mortality rate was not different.
The Frequency of PAI, aer and traT Genes in Escherichia coli Commensal and Urinary Pathogenic E. coli Isolates in Shahrekord and the Relationship Between the Two Groups by Multiplex PCR
Authors: Rezaei Mohamad Hossein , Kakian Farshad , Gholipour Abolfazl , Zamanzad Behnam
Published: July 2020

Background: Nosocomial infections are acquired during hospital treatment or in a hospital environment. One such infecting agent is uropathogenic Escherichia coli and many virulence genes enable it to become pathogenic, thereby causing damage to the host. Objectives: This study aimed to identify aer, traT, and PAI genes in E. coli isolates collected from fecal and urinary tract infection (UTI) specimens and determine the relationship between them in both populations studied in a center in Iran by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Methods: Seventy-five isolates of E. coli from the urine of inpatients and 75 isolates from commensal fecal without UTI and diarrhea were collected. The E. coli bacteria were detected and isolated, using biochemical techniques and supplementary tests in the Microbiology Laboratory of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern for 14 antibiotics was done utilizing the disc diffusion method. The existence of aer, traT, and PAI virulence genes among all isolates was investigated by multiplex PCR. Results: Among the urinary pathogenic E. coli isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance was observed in cefazolin, ampicillin, and cotrimoxazole antibiotics. The prevalence rates of aer, traT, and PAI genes in the fecal isolates were 92%, 90.6%, and 46.6%, respectively. Further, their prevalence rates in urine isolates were 96%, 97.3%, and 41.3%, in that order. Conclusions: The presence of the high frequency of pathogenic islands (PAIs), especially in fecal samples, is important because these genes are easily transmitted and convert a commensal bacterium into a pathogen. Because only the genome of pathogenic bacteria has been unwrapped, little attention has been paid to PAIs in commensal bacteria.
Utility of Available Methods for Diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 in Clinical Samples
Authors: Shirvani Armin , Azimi Leila , Mansour Ghanaie Roxana , Alebouyeh Masoud , Fallah Fatemeh , Rafiei Tabatabaei Sedigheh , Rajabnejad Maryam , Armin Shahnaz , Fahimzad Seyed Alireza , Shirvani Fariba , Maham Saeid , Karimi Abdollah
Published: July 2020

: The laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 should be done to confirm coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in suspected patients. Although several diagnostic methods have been developed in this regard, their accuracy for clinical application is not very clear yet. To compare the diagnostic value of laboratory tests for the detection of COVID-19 infection, this study provides an upcoming review of the newly developed detection methods. Sensitivity, specificity, detection limit, and turn-around-time of these methods are compared and challenges for their application in clinical settings are reviewed. PubMed and Google Scholar web sites were used for the systematic search until April 9, 2020 to identify the published studies based on the following keywords: “Detection”, “Coronavirus 2019”, “SARS-CoV-2”, and “Sensitivity”. Out of 526 results, a total of 54 articles, including 46 studies on detection methods, were considered eligible for the review. The results showed that most of the proposed tests focused on molecular methods, while immunological and point-of-care tests were investigated in 13 studies. There were also a few commercial automated methods for the qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, most of which are not examined in the current review, as no data about their sensitivity and specificity were presented. Although the assessment of publication biases showed that 64% sensitivity and nearly 100% specificity for RT-PCR are close to reality, most of the related reports for serological methods are not valid and further studies are needed to confirm their utility in clinical settings. Moreover, the RT-PCR test alone cannot act as a gold standard because of bias in measurements. Therefore, antibody tests and other proposed methods could be used as supplementary diagnostic tests to improve RT-PCR accuracy. Although clinical findings are invaluable, in many cases, they can provide more valuable supportive data than serological tests.