bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Trend Towards Implementing the Precautionary Principle in US Regulation of Nanomaterials
Authors: Warshaw Jean
Published: May 2011

The precautionary principle provides a framework for regulating emerging technologies in general and nanomaterials in particular. It counsels action in the presence of uncertainties about risk instead of assuming that nanomaterials are safe unless proven hazardous. Nanomaterials are regulated under different statutory programs depending on whether they are drugs, pesticides or other commercial chemicals. Recent developments in the regulation of nanomaterials that are not drugs or pesticides have demonstrated a trend towards application of the precautionary principle. This is a paradigm shift away from the requirement built into past interpretations of the Toxic Substances Control Act (“TSCA”) that manufacturing, processing and use of chemical substances cannot be restricted unless the regulatory authority proves an unreasonable risk. This same paradigm shift is incorporated into recent legislative proposals to amend TSCA.
Exposure of a Tropical Soil to mg/kg of Oxytetracycline Elicits Hormetic Responses in the Catabolic Activities of its Microbial Community
Authors: Solís Yendry , Chavarría Guadalupe , García Fernando , Rodríguez César
Published: May 2011

Many farmers in developing countries protect their crops with oxytetracycline and fertilize their farmlands with manure from animals that received this drug as growth promoter. In this study, a tropical soil was exposed to 0.1 mg kg−1, 1 mg kg−1, and 10 mg kg−1 of oxytetracycline for 22 days to evaluate whether this antibiotic alters the capacity of a soil microbial community to metabolize 31 carbon sources. The communities exposed to 1 and 10 mg kg−1 of oxytetracycline exhibited reduced catabolic activities for 3 and 6 substrates, respectively. In contrast, the communities exposed to 0.1 mg kg−1 of oxytetracycline showed higher catabolic activities than the controls and the other two treatments for 19 substrates. These data reveal a hormetic response at the community level not previously described for soil bacteria and oxytetracycline.
Effects of syringomyelia on electrodiagnostic test results in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels
Authors: Harcourt-Brown Thomas R. , Belshaw Zoe , Parker John E. , Jeffery Nick D. , Granger Nicolas
Published: May 2011

Objective—To determine the effects of syringomyelia on electromyography (EMG) findings, somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs), and transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials (TMMEPs) in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs).

Animals—27 client-owned CKCSs that underwent prebreeding magnetic resonance imaging screening or investigation of clinical signs consistent with syringomyelia.

Procedures—In dogs with (n = 11) and without (16) magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed syringomyelia, the median nerve in each thoracic limb was stimulated and SEPs were recorded over the C1 vertebra; onset latency and latency and amplitude of the largest negative (N1) and positive (P1) peaks were measured. The TMMEPs were recorded bilaterally from the extensor carpi radialis and tibialis cranialis muscles; onset latencies in all 4 limbs were measured. Bilateral systematic needle EMG examination was performed on the cervical epaxial musculature, and the number of sites with spontaneous activity was recorded.

Results—In dogs with syringomyelia, amplitudes of N1 and P1 and the amplitude difference between P1 and N1 were significantly smaller than those recorded for dogs without syringomyelia (approx 2-fold difference). No difference in SEP latencies, TMMEP latencies, or the proportion of dogs with > 2 sites of spontaneous activity detected during EMG examination was detected between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that SEP amplitude at the C1 vertebra was a more sensitive measure of spinal cord function in CKCSs with syringomyelia, compared with results of EMG or TMMEP assessment. Measurement of SEP amplitude may have use as an objective assessment of the evolution and treatment of this disease.
Reliability and validity of a visual analogue scale used by owners to measure chronic pain attributable to osteoarthritis in their dogs
Authors: Hielm-Björkman Anna K. , Kapatkin Amy S. , Rita Hannu J.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To assess validity and reliability for a visual analogue scale (VAS) used by owners to measure chronic pain in their osteoarthritic dogs.

Sample—68, 61, and 34 owners who completed a questionnaire.

Procedures—Owners answered questionnaires at 5 time points. Criterion validity of the VAS was evaluated for all dogs in the intended-to-treat population by correlating scores for the VAS with scores for the validated Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (HCPI) and a relative quality-of-life scale. Intraclass correlation was used to assess repeatability of the pain VAS at 2 baseline evaluations. To determine sensitivity to change and face validity of the VAS, 2 blinded, randomized control groups (17 dogs receiving carprofen and 17 receiving a placebo) were analyzed over time.

Results—Significant correlations existed between the VAS score and the quality-of-life scale and HCPI scores. Intraclass coefficient (r = 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.82) for the VAS indicated good repeatability. In the carprofen and placebo groups, there was poor correlation between the 2 pain evaluation methods (VAS and HCPI items) at the baseline evaluation, but the correlation improved in the carprofen group over time. No correlation was detected for the placebo group over time.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although valid and reliable, the pain VAS was a poor tool for untrained owners because of poor face validity (ie, owners could not recognize their dogs' behavior as signs of pain). Only after owners had seen pain diminish and then return (after starting and discontinuing NSAID use) did the VAS have face validity.
Effect of duration and type of anesthetic on tear production in dogs
Authors: Shepard Molly K. , Accola Peter J. , Lopez Luis A. , Shaughnessy Michael R. , Hofmeister Erik H.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To determine effects of duration and type of anesthetic on tear production in dogs.

Animals—8 female Beagles.

Procedures—Each dog was randomly allocated into 1 of 4 groups according to a Latin square design to receive anesthesia as follows: 1 hour with isoflurane, 1 hour with desflurane, 4 hours with isoflurane, and 4 hours with desflurane. Each dog was anesthetized with the selected inhalant 4 times during a 4-week period, with at least 5 days separating anesthetic episodes. Aqueous tear production was measured via the Schirmer I tear test at baseline and 10 minutes, 30 minutes, and 1 hour after induction of anesthesia as well as 2, 3, and 4 hours after induction for the 4-hour groups. Tear production was also measured after the dogs were standing after recovery from anesthesia and 2, 10, and 22 hours after recovery from anesthesia.

Results—Aqueous tear production was significantly reduced in dogs during anesthesia and returned to baseline values immediately after recovery and until 10 hours after anesthesia in all treatment groups. Inhalant type and duration had no significant effect. Neither lateral recumbency nor left versus right eyes had a significant effect.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that inhalant anesthetics did not reduce tear production after anesthesia and that longer-duration anesthesia did not cause decreased tear production, compared with shorter-duration anesthesia.
Determination of the concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane that inhibit ex vivo canine adrenal gland synthesis of cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone
Authors: McGraw Andrew L. , Whitley Elizabeth M. , Lee Hollie P. , Boothe Dawn M. , Behrend Ellen N.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To determine whether trilostane or ketotrilostane is more potent in dogs and determine the trilostane and ketotrilostane concentrations that inhibit adrenal gland cortisol, corticosterone, and aldosterone secretion by 50%.

Sample—24 adrenal glands from 18 mixed-breed dogs.

Procedures—Adrenal gland tissues were sliced, placed in tissue culture, and stimulated with 100 pg of ACTH/mL alone or with 5 concentrations of trilostane or ketotrilostane. Trials were performed independently 4 times. In each trial, 6 samples (1 for each time point) were collected for each of the 5 concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane tested as well as a single negative control samples. At the end of 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 hours, tubes were harvested and media and tissue slices were assayed for cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and potassium concentrations. Data were analyzed via pharmacodynamic modeling. One adrenal slice exposed to each concentration of trilostane or ketotrilostane was submitted for histologic examination to assess tissue viability.

Results—Ketotrilostane was 4.9 and 2.4 times as potent in inhibiting cortisol and corticosterone secretion, respectively, as its parent compound trilostane. For trilostane and ketotrilostane, the concentrations that inhibited secretion of cortisol or corticosterone secretion by 50% were 480 and 98.4 ng/mL, respectively, and 95.0 and 39.6 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ketotrilostane was more potent than trilostane with respect to inhibition of cortisol and corticosterone secretion. The data should be useful in developing future studies to evaluate in vivo serum concentrations of trilostane and ketotrilostane for efficacy in the treatment of hyperadrenocorticism.
Effect of combined lignan phytoestrogen and melatonin treatment on secretion of steroid hormones by adrenal carcinoma cells
Authors: Fecteau Kellie A. , Eiler Hugo , Oliver Jack W.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To investigate the in vitro effect of the combination of lignan enterolactone (ENL) or lignan enterodiol (END) with melatonin on steroid hormone secretion and cellular aromatase content in human adrenal carcinoma cells. Sample—Human adrenocortical carcinoma cells.

Procedures—Melatonin plus ENL or END was added to cell culture medium along with cAMP (100μM); control cells received cAMP alone. Medium and cell lysates were collected after 24 and 48 hours of cultivation. Samples of medium were analyzed for progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, aldosterone, estradiol, and cortisol concentration by use of radioimmunoassays. Cell lysates were used for western blot analysis of aromatase content.

Results—The addition of ENL or END with melatonin to cAMP-stimulated cells (treated cells) resulted in significant decreases in estradiol, androstenedione, and cortisol concentrations at 24 and 48 hours, compared with concentrations in cells stimulated with cAMP alone (cAMP control cells). The addition of these compounds to cAMP-stimulated cells also resulted in higher progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations than in cAMP control cells; aldosterone concentration was not affected by treatments. Compared with the content in cAMP control cells, aromatase content in treated cells was significantly lower.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination of lignan and melatonin affected steroid hormone secretion by acting directly on adrenal tumor cells. Results supported the concept that this combination may yield similar effects on steroid hormone secretion by the adrenal glands in dogs with typical and atypical hyperadrenocorticism.
Expression of cyclooxygenase genes in the jejunum of horses during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion
Authors: Hilton Hugo , Nieto Jorge E. , Moore Peter F. , Harmon Faye A. , Naydan Diane K. , Snyder Jack R.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To determine expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) genes 1 and 2 (also called prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases 1 and 2) and stability of housekeeping gene expression during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion in the jejunum of horses.

Animals—5 healthy adult horses.

Procedures—Horses were anesthetized, and two 30-cm segments of jejunum were surgically exteriorized. Blood flow was maintained at baseline (untreated) values in 1 (control) segment and was decreased to 20% of baseline (low-flow ischemia) for 75 minutes, followed by 75 minutes of reperfusion, in the other (experimental) segment. Biopsy samples were collected from experimental segments at baseline (T0), after 75 minutes of ischemia (T1), and after 75 minutes of reperfusion (T2); samples were collected from control segments at T0 and T2. Horses were euthanized 24 hours after induction of ischemia (T3), and additional samples were collected. Samples were evaluated histologically. Total RNA was extracted; expression of COX genes and stability of 8 housekeeping genes were determined via quantitative real-time PCR assays.

Results—COX-1 and COX-2 genes were constitutively expressed in baseline samples. Low-flow ischemia resulted in significant upregulation of COX-2 gene expression at each subsequent time point, compared with baseline values. The most stably expressed reference genes were β-actin and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and β-2 microglobulin were the least stably expressed.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Low-flow ischemia resulted in upregulation of COX-2 gene expression in the jejunum of horses. Housekeeping genes traditionally used as internal standards may not be stable in this tissue during arterial low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
Evaluation of the use of an autologous platelet-rich fibrin membrane to enhance tendon healing in dogs
Authors: Visser Lance C. , Arnoczky Steven P. , Caballero Oscar , Gardner Keri L.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To examine effects of an autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membrane for enhancing healing of a defect of the patellar tendon (PT) in dogs.

Animals—8 adult dogs.

Procedures—Defects were created in the central third of the PT in both hind limbs of each dog. An autologous PRF membrane was implanted in 1 defect/dog, and the contralateral defect was left empty. Dogs (n = 4/time period) were euthanized at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, and tendon healing was assessed grossly and histologically via a semiquantitative scoring system. Cross-sectional area of the PTs was also compared.

Results—Both treated and control defects were filled with repair tissue by 4 weeks. There was no significant difference in the histologic quality of the repair tissue between control and PRF membrane—treated defects at either time point. At both time points, the cross-sectional area of PRF membrane—treated tendons was significantly greater (at least 2.5-fold as great), compared with that of sham-treated tendons. At 4 weeks, the repair tissue consisted of disorganized proliferative fibrovascular tissue originating predominantly from the fat pad. By 8 weeks, the tissue was less cellular and slightly more organized in both groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A PRF membrane did not enhance the rate or quality of tendon healing in PT defects. However, it did increase the amount of repair tissue within and surrounding the defect. These results suggested that a PRF membrane may not be indicated for augmenting the repair of acutely injured tendons that are otherwise healthy.
Comparison of the toxic effects of two duncecap larkspur (Delphinium occidentale) chemotypes in mice and cattle
Authors: Cook Daniel , Green Benedict T. , Welch Kevin D. , Gardner Dale R. , Pfister James A. , Panter Kip E.
Published: May 2011

Objective—To compare the toxic effects of a Delphinium occidentale chemotype containing N-(methylsuccinimido) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)—type alkaloids and a D occidentale chemotype lacking MSAL-type alkaloids in mice and cattle.

Animals—225 male Swiss Webster mice and 11 Black Angus steers.

Procedures—4 collections of larkspur containing MSAL-type alkaloids and 4 collections of larkspur lacking MSAL-type alkaloids were used. From each collection, total alkaloid extracts (0.05 to 0.20 mL) were administered via tail-vein injection in 27 to 29 mice. Dried, finely ground plant material from 1 collection with and 1 collection without MSAL-type alkaloids (doses equivalent to 37.6 mg of total alkaloids/kg) were each administered to 8 cattle via oral gavage in a crossover experiment; 3 cattle received a single dose equivalent to 150.4 mg of total alkaloids/kg (no MSAL-type alkaloids). In mice, clinical effects were monitored; in cattle, heart rate was monitored before (baseline) and 24 hours after treatment. At the 24-hour time point, cattle were exercised as a measure of muscle weakness.

Results—In mice, mean LD50 associated with alkaloid extracts prepared from plants that did or did not contain MSAL-type alkaloids was 2.3 and 54.2 mg/kg, respectively. In cattle at 24 hours after treatment, plant material containing MSAL-type alkaloids significantly increased heart rate from baseline and was associated with exercise-induced collapse; plant material lacking MSAL-type alkaloids had no similar effects.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Taxonomic classification of D occidentale alone was not a good indicator of the toxic risk to grazing cattle.
Risk factors associated with failure of heartworm prophylaxis among members of a national hunting dog club
Authors: Rohrbach Barton W. , Odoi Agricola , Patton Sharon
Published: May 2011

Objective—To identify practices associated with failure of heartworm prophylaxis among dog and kennel owners and dog trainers.

Design—Online survey and mail-in questionnaire.

Sample—708 members of a national hunting dog club.

Procedures—Heartworm prevention practices used by respondents that reported failure of prophylaxis were compared with practices used by respondents that reported success.

Results—Univariate analyses indicated failure of heartworm prophylaxis was inversely related to the number of dogs under a respondent's care. Year-round prophylactic practice was not significantly associated with reduced odds of failure, and efforts to control exposure to mosquitoes were similar among the comparison groups. Respondents reporting prophylaxis failure were more likely to test for heartworm infection ≥ 1 time/y, compared with those reporting success. In a multivariable analysis, residence south of the Virginia-North Carolina state line (ie, the 37th geographic parallel), testing for heartworm infection < once a year when the test was administered prior to April 1, and keeping dogs outdoors for longer periods at dusk, at dawn, or after dark were associated with increased odds of prophylaxis failure.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Veterinarians should stress the importance of annual heartworm testing 6 to 7 months after the last possible date of exposure to heartworm, regardless of whether a dog receives prophylactic treatment year-round. Reducing the number of hours dogs spend outdoors at dusk, at dawn, or after dark may reduce the odds of heartworm disease even when dogs are given preventive treatment.
Evaluation of the performance of contemporary shipbuilding industries in Bangladesh
Authors: Zakaria N.M. Golam , Iqbal K. Shahriar , Hossain K. Akhter
Published: May 2011

In this paper, an effort has been made to evaluate the present shipbuilding industries in Bangladesh. To do this, at first an overall picture of this industries have been depicted by identifying the actual shipbuilding practice in both public and private sector. Relevant data have been explored through extensive review of literature, field visits, interacting with shipyard and Ship owners, shipyard managers, Government regulatory and monitoring bodies using structured, unstructured and open ended questionnaires. Existing and upcoming yards have been identified and yards have been categorized by describing the shipyard in terms of modern shipbuilding requirements. The labor cost, labor hour, relative labor rate, productivity etc. have been quantified and compared with other nations. An investigation of cost breakdown of a sample exportable quality ship has been assessed to find out percentage of local components of total cost structure. The potentiality, capability and problems of the shipbuilding sector of Bangladesh have been identified & some recommendations have been made in line with this study.DOI: 10.3329/jname.v7i2.5407
Enhanced and Constant-value Transient Diffraction Efficiency from a Recorded Grating in a BaTiO3 Crystal
Authors: Sharif S. M. , Ogusu K.
Published: May 2011

A simple method has been proposed here to get an enhanced and constant-value transient diffraction efficiency for a large time scale from a recorded grating in an undoped BaTiO3 crystal. After writing a steady-state grating by two cw recording beams (λ=514.5 nm), when the recording beams are switched off, the recorded grating as well as the diffraction efficiency decreases at a faster rate initially, and  thereafter reaches to almost a stationary level for some few seconds. The diffraction efficiency for this level is very small compared to that for a steady-state grating and it becomes smaller slowly with time. We can increase (about twice the initial stationary-level value) this small diffraction efficiency from its any initial value and have this value (increased) constantly for a large time scale by using a suitable backward-pulsed reading beam containing the same properties as the recording beams.Keywords: Photorefractive effect; Transient diffraction efficiency; Steady-state volume grating; Ferroelectric perovskite crystal.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.5593                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 217-224 (2011)
A Note on Pair Sum Graphs
Authors: Ponraj R. , Parthipan J. X. V. , Kala R.
Published: May 2011

Let G be a (p,q) graph. An injective map ƒ: V (G) →{±1, ±2,...,±p} is called a pair sum labeling if the induced edge function, ƒe: E(G)→Z -{0} defined by ƒe (uv)=ƒ(u)+ƒ(v) is one-one and ƒe(E(G)) is either of the form {±k1, ±k2,…, ±kq/2} or {±k1, ±k2,…, ±k(q-1)/2} {k (q+1)/2} according as q is even or odd. Here we prove that every graph is a subgraph of a connected pair sum graph. Also we investigate the pair sum labeling of some graphs which are obtained from cycles. Finally we enumerate all pair sum graphs of order ≤ 5.Keywords: Cycle; Path; Bistar; Complete graph; Complete bipartite graph; Triangular snake.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6290                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 321-329 (2011)
Removal of Phenol in Batch Culture by Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 Isolated from the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soils
Authors: Khan M. A. I. , Fakhruddin A. N. M. , Jame S. A. , Sultana M.S. , Alam M. K.
Published: May 2011

Phenol widely used in industries, are of growing concern owing to their toxicity and wide distribution in industrial wastes.  The aims of the study were to characterize some of the locally isolated bacteria and to develop suitable methods for the degradation of phenol using them. Locally isolated AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 were identified as Pseudomonas putida using the classical methods. Pseudomonas putida AP11 and AP9 were able to remove 600 ppm phenol completely, but Pseudomonas putida AP6 and AP7 were able to remove 400 ppm phenol completely. The maximum degradation rates for freely suspended culture of Pseudomonas putida AP11, AP9, AP6, AP7 were 10.83, 10.42, 8.33, and 8.33 (ppm/h) respectively. The isolates AP11, AP9, AP6 and AP7 can be used to wastewater containing phenol in effluent treatment systems.  Keywords: Aromatic hydrocarbon; Carbon source; Contaminated soil; Phenol; Pseudomonas.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6339                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 367-374 (2011)
Investigation of the Structures and Electronic Properties of 3'-(4-(5-Oxo-5-piperidin-1-yl)-penta-1,3-dienyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-2-yl]Thymidine through DFT Calculations
Authors: Al-Magmoy M. A. N. , Essa A. H. , Hameed A. J.
Published: May 2011

The structural and electronic properties of 3'(4-(5-oxo-5-piperidin1-1-yl)penta-1,3-dienyl)benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-2-yl]-thymidine molecule have been investigated theoretically by performing density functional theory (DFT/3-21G*, 6-31G* and 6-31G**). The geometry of the molecule is optimized, and the electronic properties and relative energies of the molecules have been calculated by density functional theory in the ground state. The resultant dipole moments of the studied molecule are about 5.5, 6.36 and 7.35 Debyes by three levels (3-21G*, 6-31G* and 6-31G**, respectively). This property makes it an active molecule with its environment that is this molecule may interacts with its environment strongly in solution.Keywords:  3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT); Piperine; Density functional theory (DFT); Thymidine.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6364                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 339-345 (2011)
On Complete Cone Metric Space and Fixed Point Theorem
Authors: Mehta J. , Joshi M. L.
Published: May 2011

We prove coincidence and common fixed point theorems of four self mappings satisfying a generalized contractive type condition in complete cone metric spaces. Our results generalize some well-known recent results.Keywords: Common fixed point; Complete cone metric space; Weakly compatible maps.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6475                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 303-309 (2011)
Cytotoxicity and Cancer (HeLa) Cell Killing Efficacy of Aqueous Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract
Authors: Islam M. S. , Kusumoto Y. , Al-Mamun M. Abdulla
Published: May 2011

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a herb that is used mainly as a food in many countries for its medicinal properties since ancient times. It enhances immune functions and has antibacterial, antifungal, antivirus and anticancer activities. Organosulfur compounds originating from garlic inhibit carcinogen activation. In this study we prepared aqueous garlic extract (AGE) and its in vitro application to cancer (HeLa) cell line was performed to observe the cancer cell killing efficacy. Different concentrations of AGE like 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 µL per a 5-mL minimum essential medium solution were used for treatment. The results revealed that 95% cancer cells were destructed in a dose of 500 µL, whereas about 92, 87, 60, and 24% cancer cells were destructed in a dose of 400, 300, 200 or 100 µL of AGE, respectively.Keywords: Aqueous garlic extract; Cancer cells; Cytotoxicity; Anticancer activity.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6557                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 375-382 (2011)
Fiber Motion in Dusty Fluid Turbulent Flow with Two-point Correlation
Authors: Ahmed S. F. , Sarker M. S. A.
Published: May 2011

The equation of fiber motion in dusty fluid turbulent flow has been derived in terms of correlation tensors of second order. In presence of dust particles, mathematical modeling of fiber suspensions in the turbulent flow is discussed including the correlation between the pressure fluctuations and velocity fluctuations at two points of the flow field, where the correlation tensors are the functions of space coordinates, distance between two points and the time.Keywords: Fiber motion; Dusty fluid; Turbulent flow; Correlation.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.6624                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 283-290 (2011)
Stability Assessment of Cephradine Suspension Formulated in Bangladesh
Authors: Sultan M. Z. , Mazid M. A. , Rashid M. A.
Published: May 2011

Cephradine, one of the commonly used and widely prescribed antibiotics in Bangladesh, is usually formulated in the dosage forms of capsule, dry suspension and IV injection. The dry-suspension is instructed to re-disperse in pre-boiled cooled water before use. A reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for determination of cephradine in pharmaceutical preparation. To study the stability of cephradine suspension formulated by Bangladeshi manufacturers in aqueous medium and buffer of different pHs at room temperature, a simple and rapid chromatographic method was developed using acetonitrile and monobasic sodium phosphate buffer as mobile phase in the ratio of 15:85 (v/v) over C-8 bonded silica at ambient temperature using a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.  The study revealed that the potency of cephradine suspension was almost stable at room temperature up to 13 days in aqueous medium at pH between 4 and 5.Keywords: Cephradine; Suspension; HPLC; Potency; pH.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7024                J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 383-391 (2011)
On the Trace of a Permuting Tri-additive Mapping in Left sγ-unital Γ-rings
Authors: Dey K. K. , Paul A. C.
Published: May 2011

Let M be 2 and 3 torsion-free left sΓ-unital Γ-rings. Let D: M ×M ×M ® M be a permuting tri-additive mapping with the trace d(x) = D(x,x,x). Let σ: M ® M be an endomorphism and τ: M ® M an epimorphism. The objective of this paper is to prove the following: a) If d is (σ,τ)-skew commuting on M, then D = 0;   b) If d is (τ,τ)-skew-centralizing on M, then d is (τ,τ)-commuting on M;  c)  If d is 2-(σ,τ)-commuting on M, then d is (σ,τ)-commuting on M.Keywords: Permuting tri-additive mappings; Skew-commuting mappings; Skew-centralizing mappings; Commuting mappings.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i2.7278                 J. Sci. Res. 3 (2), 331-337 (2011)
Clinical Course and Outcomes of Single-Organism Enterococcus Peritonitis in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Yip Terence , Tse Kai-Chung , Ng Flora , Hung Ivan , Lam Man-Fai , Tang Sydney , Lui Sing-Leung , Lai Kar-Neng , Chan Tak-Mao , Lo Wai-Kei
Published: May 2011

Background and Objectives

Enterococci are part of the normal flora of the gastrointestinal tract. They can cause enteric peritonitis, which is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, the clinical course and outcome of PD-related Enterococcus peritonitis remains unclear.

Methods

We reviewed all Enterococcus peritonitis episodes occurring in our dialysis unit from 1995 to 2009.

Results

During the study period, 1421 episodes of peritonitis were recorded. Of 29 episodes (2.0%) that were attributable to single-organism Enterococcus, 12 episodes were caused by E. faecalis; 9, by E. faecium; and the remaining 8, by other Enterococcus species. The overall rate of ampicillin resistance was 41.4%. Recent use of antibiotics was associated with the development of ampicillin-resistant Enterococcus (ARE) peritonitis (hazard ratio: 12.53; p = 0.04). The primary response rate of Enterococcus peritonitis was significantly higher than that of Escherichia coli peritonitis (89.7% vs. 69.9%, p = 0.038), but the primary response rate was not significantly lower for ARE peritonitis than for ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus (ASE) peritonitis (83.3% vs. 94.1%, p = 0.553). However, significantly more patients with ARE had received vancomycin (83.3% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.003), with a longer mean duration of vancomycin treatment (11.8 ± 6.9 days vs. 3.7 ± 6.8 days, p = 0.005).

Conclusions

Recent use of antibiotics was a risk factor for the development of ARE peritonitis. Outcomes in ASE and ARE peritonitis were similar, but vancomycin was required during treatment for ARE peritonitis, in turn possibly predisposing the patients to infections caused by vancomycin-resistant organisms.
Presence of Peripheral Arterial Disease Predicts Loss of Residual Renal Function in Incident CAPD Patients
Authors: Tian Shun-li , Tian Xin-kui , Han Qing-feng , Axelsson Jonas , Wang Tao
Published: May 2011

Background

Accelerated cardiovascular disease (CVD), including peripheral arterial disease (PAD), is very common in patients with end-stage renal disease. Residual renal function (RRF) is a strong predictor of patient survival that is suggested to be linked to the degree of CVD. However, the relationship between PAD and decline in RRF has not previously been measured.

Methods

We studied incident continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients from Peking University Third Hospital. An ankle brachial index of less than 0.9 was used to diagnose PAD. Residual renal function (RRF) was determined as the mean of 24-hour urea and creatinine clearances (glomerular filtration rate). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify factors predicting loss of RRF.

Results

The study included 86 patients (age: 61 ± 14 years; men: 51%), 23 of whom had PAD at baseline. Mean follow-up was 19 months (median: 18 months; range: 6 – 30 months). In univariate analysis, baseline PAD, peritonitis during follow-up, inflammation (C-reactive protein), serum uric acid, CaxP, and serum phosphate were all significantly associated with a greater-than-50% decrease in RRF during follow-up. In multivariate analysis, only baseline PAD, CaxP, and peritonitis were independently associated with a decline in RRF.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that PAD may be a clinically important marker of CVD predicting the loss of RRF. It remains to be determined whether interventions aimed at decreasing PAD may also improve renal vascular status and thus slow the rate of RRF decline.
Lopinavir Up-Regulates Expression of the Antiviral Protein Ribonuclease L in Human Papillomavirus-Positive Cervical Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Batman Gavin , Oliver Anthony W , Zehbe Ingeborg , Richard Christina , Hampson Lynne , Hampson Ian N
Published: May 2011

Background

We have previously shown that the HIV protease inhibitor lopinavir has selective toxicity against human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cervical carcinoma cells via an unknown mechanism.

Methods

SiHa cervical carcinoma cells were stably transfected with the proteasome sensor vector pZsPro-Sensor-1 to confirm lopinavir inhibits the proteasome in these cells. The Panorama Xpress profiler 725 antibody array was then used to analyse specific changes in protein expression in lopinavir-treated versus control untreated SiHa cells followed by PCR and western blotting. Colorimetric growth assays of lopinavir-treated E6/E7 immortalised versus control human keratino-cytes were performed. Targeted small interfering RNA gene silencing followed by growth assay comparison of lopinavir- treated/untreated SiHa cells was also used.

Results

Lopinavir induced an increase in the fluorescence of pZsProSensor-1 transfected SiHa cells, indicative of proteasomal inhibition. Ribonuclease L (RNASEL) protein was shown to be up-regulated in lopinavir-treated SiHa cells, which was confirmed by PCR and western blot. Targeted silencing of RNASEL reduced the sensitivity of SiHa cells to lopinavir. Selective toxicity against E6/E7 immortalised keratinocytes versus control cells was also seen with lopinavir and was associated with up-regulated RNASEL expression.

Conclusions

These data are consistent with the toxicity of lopinavir against HPV-positive cervical carcinoma cells being related to its ability to block viral proteasome activation and induce an up-regulation of the antiviral protein RNASEL. This is supported by the drug's selective toxicity and up-regulation of RNASEL in E6/E7 immortalised keratinocytes combined with the increased resistance to lopinavir observed in SiHa cells following silencing of RNASEL gene expression.
Se laisser surprendre
Authors: Aubray Marie-Christine
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’analyste, confronté à des butées transféro-contre-transférentielles, au sein de cures avec des adolescents en grandes difficultés de subjectivation, peut être amené à aménager le cadre de la thérapie en recevant ponctuellement les parents avec leur adolescent. Dans cet espace pluri-dimensionnel, il s’ouvrirait à la possibilité d’être « surpris », transformé dans son fonctionnement psychique en vue d’une relance de sa fonction subjectalisante auprès de l’adolescent.
Les transferts et le début de la cure psychanalytique de l'adolescent
Authors: Petit Laetitia , Rassial Jean-Jacques
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le dispositif psychanalytique constitue une des possibilités d’indication thérapeutique, limitée par la prévalence du maniement du transfert, quand la crise d’adolescence est un moment ordinaire de labilité des manifestations pathologiques de révision des états de la structure. C’est pourquoi le principal critère d’indication n’est alors ni la spécificité des troubles manifestés, ni le diagnostic de structure. Les entretiens préliminaires sont alors fondamentaux pour évaluer cette indication qui sera décisive, mais qui reste néanmoins temporellement dépendante de l’engagement transférentiel de l’adolescent.
La temporalité : un matériel d'autonomie ?
Authors: Lachance Jocelyn
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans le contexte contemporain, caractérisé entre autres par la pénurie des chemins tracés vers l’autonomisation, des adolescents rivalisent d’originalité pour avancer en toute harmonie avec leur société de consommation et de l’image. Or, malgré leur absence de résistance, l’impératif d’affirmation de soi leur demande d’investir certaines dimensions de l’existence pour se préserver du sentiment d’hétéronomie. En investissant singulièrement la temporalité, notamment en s’adonnant à des actes de désynchronisation, en créant délibérément des situations d’urgence et en provoquant des expériences symboliques de l’ubiquité, des jeunes redéfinissent leurs rapports aux contraintes temporelles qu’imposent les rythmes de la vie collective. La temporalité apparaît alors comme un matériel de l’autonomie.
L'adolescent, son père idéal et le père réel
Authors: Beine Alexandre
Published: May 2011

Résumé Partant de deux exemples cliniques, nous interrogeons la nature, la fonction et les conditions d’apparition de la figure du père idéal dans le discours des adolescents. Nous basant sur la théorie psychanalytique, les apports de J. Lacan en particulier, nous repérons le surgissement de cette figure par rapport à la reprise adolescentaire du complexe d’Œdipe et de ses aléas. Les catégories de l’imaginaire, du symbolique et du réel permettent d’y distinguer les différents rôles paternels. L’influence du père réel est soulignée, notamment l’importance de sa propre reconnaissance de la castration, dont le défaut favorise l’investissement du père idéal. La nature de ce dernier est ensuite interrogée à partir des concepts de moi idéal et d’idéal du moi, qui s’avèrent confondus dans la figure paternelle idéale. Sa fonction apparaît ainsi comme le maintien d’une possibilité virtuelle de jouissance et de complétude subjective.
Corps et contre-transfert en psychanalyse : quelles idéologies à l'œuvre ?
Authors: Dumet Nathalie
Published: May 2011

Résumé Partant du constat selon lequel il existe toujours une part d’infiltration idéologique dans la théorie comme dans la pratique du clinicien/analyste, l’auteur interroge ce qu’il en est en particulier quant au corps et au contre-transfert, et même quant au corps dans le contre-transfert. Des éléments théoriques sont discutés puis soumis à l’épreuve de la clinique. L’auteur montre comment la survenue récurrente de vécus inconfortables de sommeil pour la psychologue et leur analyse constituèrent un véritable levier dans le cadre thérapeutique alors stagnant, car ils favorisèrent tant l’émergence chez la patiente d’éprouvés traumatiques jusqu’alors mis au secret de son Moi que la stimulation de capacités psychiques abrasées chez la clinicienne. Ces éléments invitent à reconsidérer les théorisations du corps en psychanalyse ainsi qu’à une certaine prudence vis-à-vis de certaines convictions théoriques par trop idéologiques et aveuglantes.
Méthodes, techniques et outils
Authors: Dedet Fanny , Massart Isabelle , Le Hénaff Diane , Bourrion Daniel
Published: May 2011

Résumé On trouvera sous cette rubrique deux articles : - une présentation d’une archive ouverte de l’INRA, outil de travail fédératif d’une communauté de pratique (Fanny Dedet, Isabelle Massart et Diane Le Hénaff) ; - et la chronique de Daniel Bourrion, sur la formation à l’outil numérique.
Droit de l'information
Authors: Stérin Anne-Laure , Battisti Michèle , Iteanu Olivier
Published: May 2011

Résumé La rubrique Droit de l’information de ce numéro comprend trois textes : - Un musée peut-il interdire de photographier ? par Anne-Laure Stérin ; - La négligence caractérisée ou la question du filtrage de l’accès à Internet, par (Michèle Battisti) ; - et la chronique d’Olivier Iteanu : Quand la loi organise la traçabilité sur Internet.
Présentation
Authors: Chambaud Serge
Published: May 2011

Résumé Dans un monde globalisé de plus en plus concurrentiel, l’entreprise se trouve dans l’obligation d’innover si elle ne veut pas être supplantée, absorbée ou détruite. Dans ce contexte, la veille apparaît comme une solution miracle ! Quelle est la réalité ? La veille est-elle la panacée qui d’un seul coup va indiquer le chemin de l’innovation ? Savons-nous bien de quoi nous parlons, lorsque nous parlons d’innovation ? Avons-nous une compréhension suffisante du processus de l’innovation et donc de la façon dont la veille doit s’y insérer pour être efficace ? Avons-nous des idées claires sur l’organisation à mettre en place pour que la veille soit réellement au service de l’innovation ? Connaissons-nous des expériences concrètes de mise en œuvre de la veille pour une politique d’innovation ? Ce dossier a pour seule ambition de poser des questions et de fournir des informations sur la façon dont ont répondu ceux qui ont essayé de nous éclairer. Au lecteur de voir comment tirer parti de ce dossier en fonction de sa situation professionnelle et ses préoccupations !
Les techniques de veille au service du développement des entreprises
Authors: Chambaud Serge
Published: May 2011

Résumé « Le développement de la veille peut en grande partie être attribué aux besoins de l’innovation », explique Serge Chambaud dans la présentation de ce dossier qui voudrait en trois points montrer comment se conjuguent veille et innovation pour le développement des entreprises : les fondements et enjeux de la veille pour l’innovation, la veille outil au service de l’innovation, la veille pour l’innovation vue par ceux qui l’exercent sur le terrain.
Sources et ressources
Authors: Chambaud Serge
Published: May 2011

Résumé Quelques références pour aller plus loin. Du côté de la formation initiale. Du côté de la formation continue
Les Actions éducatives familiales ou comment réunir en une seule action prévention et lutte contre l'illettrisme
Authors: Nédelec Éric
Published: May 2011

Résumé Des fragilités peuvent apparaître, ou se développer, dès lors qu’un enfant entre dans les apprentissages formels. Si ses parents ne peuvent l’accompagner dans sa scolarité, les risques d’échec sont importants. C’est pourquoi il faut mobiliser simultanément les enfants élèves et les adultes parents, et créer les conditions d’une familiarisation avec l’école pour les parents qui n’y sont pas à l’aise car eux-mêmes ne maîtrisent pas ce que leurs enfants découvrent. Les Actions éducatives familiales ont pour ambition de proposer une nouvelle approche de la prévention de l’illettrisme qui s’inscrit naturellement dans le processus d’éducation et de formation tout au long de la vie.
La Métaphore !
Authors: Bensidoun Bernard
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’auteur explore le sens de l’activité métaphorique à travers l’activité poétique, l’écriture et l’enfant : premier de tous les poètes. Il explore les rapports de l’illettrisme avec les premiers échanges de l’être humain et le monde qui l’environne.
Gouttes de nuit
Authors: Molinié Bernard
Published: May 2011

Résumé Simon et Nora viennent de s’installer dans une maison près de l’Atlantique. Simon, malvoyant, est traversé en flash back par ses souvenirs d’enfance, entre douceur et violence.
Des parents maîtrisant mal l'écrit face à l'école
Authors: Dumet Thomas , Tiberghien Véronique
Published: May 2011

Résumé Depuis peu, des études quantitatives portent sur les personnes maîtrisant peu ou mal la lecture et l’écriture et, plus largement, les savoirs fondamentaux. Cette contribution propose d’exposer quelques résultats d’une étude de ce type portant sur le rapport à l’école et à leur propre scolarisation de parents engagés dans la formation de base.
La Llobera
Authors: Puyuelo Rémy
Published: May 2011

Résumé Court témoignage d’un petit-fils qui découvrit, adolescent, que sa grand-mère était « illettrée ». Cette révélation se révéla importante pour lui et prit sens bien plus tard.
Le développement du néolibéralisme après 1973 et le secteur social
Authors: Curie Raymond
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le changement de paradigme de 1973, ayant permis le développement du néolibéralisme à l’échelle mondiale, a eu des conséquences capitales pour le secteur social. Deux logiques vont alors se développer en France dès les années 1980 : le travail social, avec comme critères le long terme, la qualification, la relation d’aide, l’accompagnement, la recherche des causes des problèmes ; et l’intervention sociale, avec le court terme, la compétence, la relation de service, le suivi et l’action sur les symptômes. Depuis la loi 2002-2, cette seconde tendance tend à se développer dans tout le secteur social, d’où des tensions et des résistances de la part des travailleurs sociaux qui, tout en souhaitant adapter leurs pratiques et défendre les fondamentaux du travail, ne veulent pas voir la deuxième logique s’imposer dans l’ensemble du secteur.
Exquise esquisse et vilain dessin
Authors: Bosc Patrice
Published: May 2011

Résumé Comment faire une lecture de l’actualité qui évite le piège des amalgames tout en additionnant ce qui, dans l’observation, modifie le paysage du travail social ? Comment garder le recours à une lecture experte sans diluer sa responsabilité au risque de l’interprétation personnelle ? À la croisée de ces écueils, comment décider d’une position qui fait la part de la citoyenneté et du professionnalisme ?
La place du conjoint de l'assistante familiale en accueil familial
Authors: Martins Emmanuelle
Published: May 2011

Résumé Le conjoint de l’assistante familiale, désigné dans le vocabulaire professionnel du travail social par l’expression « père d’accueil », seconde, en tant que bénévole latent, l’assistante familiale dans la prise en charge des jeunes accueillis à leur domicile, sans pour autant être reconnu institutionnellement par les équipes de placement familial. Cet article s’interroge sur la place du conjoint de l’assistante familiale et la reconnaissance de son rôle dans le dispositif français de l’accueil familial.
L'apprentissage du vide
Authors: Charpy Manuel
Published: May 2011

Résumé Cet article observe le devenir des échoppes dans le Paris de la première moitié du xix e  siècle. Il tente de comprendre ce que ces constructions en apparence précaires révèlent des usages populaires de la rue et de ce qui décide de leurs disparitions. Cet article cherche ainsi à comprendre comment, avant que n’adviennent les grands travaux, les usages commerciaux de la ville sont réformés et comment l’espace public est conçu puis produit comme un espace vide composé soit de monuments arrachés au quotidien, soit des circulations de marchandises et de chalands.
De l'espace dancehall comme refuge cathartique à la Jamaïque
Authors: Gaye Abdoulaye
Published: May 2011

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est d’identifier la fonction sociale du dancehall dans un contexte de crise multiforme. À travers l’analyse des réactions des participants à deux manifestations organisées autour de cette musique populaire, nous explorons l’utilisation du dancehall en tant qu’espace thérapeutique. Les résultats de l’enquête qualitative menée sur terrain entre 2006 et 2008 démontrent que les participants aux moments de divertissement utilisent les éléments intrinsèques de ce champ pour développer une stratégie hédoniste qui les libère ponctuellement de l’angoisse existentielle. C’est à travers cette stratégie hédoniste que la catharsis est mise en œuvre. Ainsi l’espace dancehall est perçu comme un lieu de dépassement des incertitudes de la réalité sociale. Face aux contraintes conjoncturelles, les participants aux festivités se situent dans la perspective de la catharsis par la danse. Cependant, le dancehall reste un espace de production culturelle paradoxal, qui reproduit plus qu’il ne conteste les déterminismes d’une société aux structures rigides.