bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Star vs long chain branching of poly(lactic acid) with multifunctional aziridine
Authors: Gu Liangliang , Xu Yuewen , Fahnhorst Grant W. , Macosko Christopher W.
Published: June 2017

A trifunctional aziridine linker, trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate) (TTMAP), was melt blended with linear poly(lactic acid) (PLA) to make (i) star-shaped PLA and (ii) long chain branched (LCB) PLA by utilizing both pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and TTMAP. Mixing torque evolution during melt processing revealed high reactivity of TTMAP with the carboxyl end group on PLA and low reactivity of PMDA with the hydroxyl end group. Star-shaped PLA exhibited higher viscosity than linear PLA, but no strain hardening in extensional flow; while LCB PLA showed significant extensional hardening. The strain rate dependence of extensional hardening coefficient indicated that concentration of LCB molecules in LCB PLA is low and the possible topological chain structure of those molecules is H-shaped. Unlike current methods used to branch PLA, (e.g., free radical chemistry or the use of an epoxy functional oligomers), our branching strategy produced strain hardening with less increase in shear viscosity. The topological structures of LCB chains by free radical chemistry and epoxy functional oligomers are also discussed.
First Complete
Squash leaf curl China virus
Genomic Segment DNA-A Sequence from East Timor
Authors: Maina Solomon , Edwards Owain R. , de Almeida Luis , Ximenes Abel , Jones Roger A. C.
Published: June 2017

We present here the first complete
Squash leaf curl China virus
(SLCCV) genomic segment DNA-A sequence from East Timor. It was isolated from a pumpkin plant. When compared with 15 complete SLCCV DNA-A genome sequences from other world regions, it most resembled the Malaysian isolate MC1 sequence.
Complete Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus CA16, a Bacterium Capable of Degrading Diesel and Lignin
Authors: Ho Margaret T. , Weselowski Brian , Yuan Ze-Chun
Published: June 2017

We report here the complete assembled genome sequence of
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
CA16, which is capable of utilizing diesel and lignin as a sole carbon source. CA16 contains a 4,110,074-bp chromosome and a 5,920-bp plasmid. The assembled sequences will help elucidate potential metabolic pathways and mechanisms responsible for CA16’s hydrocarbon degradation ability.
Draft Genome Sequence of Methylocapsa palsarum NE2
T
, an Obligate Methanotroph from Subarctic Soil
Authors: Miroshnikov Kirill K. , Didriksen Alena , Naumoff Daniil G. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Mukherjee Supratim , Reddy T. B. K. , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Ivanova Natalia , Kyrpides Nikos , Woyke Tanja , Dedysh Svetlana N. , Svenning Mette M.
Published: June 2017

Methylocapsa palsarum
NE2
T
is an aerobic, mildly acidophilic, obligate methanotroph. Similar to other
Methylocapsa
species, it possesses only a particulate methane monooxygenase and is capable of atmospheric nitrogen fixation. The genome sequence of this typical inhabitant of subarctic wetlands and soils also contains genes indicative of aerobic anoxygenic photosynthesis.
Metagenomes of Soils Samples from an Established Perennial Cropping System of Asparagus Treated with Biostimulants in Southern France
Authors: Crovadore Julien , Asaff Torres Ali , Rodríguez Heredia Raúl , Cochard Bastien , Chablais Romain , Lefort François
Published: June 2017

We report here the metagenomes of soils samples from a perennial cropping system of asparagus that was treated with two biostimulants. Two treatments were compared to an untreated control. Control soils samples were taken at the beginning and at end of the experiment.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Sphingomonas
sp. Strain Sph1(2015), Isolated from a Fouled Membrane Filter Used to Produce Drinking Water
Authors: de Vries Hendrik J. , Marshall Ian P. G. , Schreiber Lars , Plugge Caroline M.
Published: June 2017

We report here the high-quality draft genome sequence of
Sphingomonas
sp. strain Sph1(2015), isolated from a fouled reverse osmosis membrane used for the production of high-quality drinking water. The draft sequence provides insights into the
modus operandi
of this strain to form biofilms on membrane surfaces. This knowledge offers tools to develop novel antifouling strategies.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Human Oral Microbiome Commensals: Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 and
S. salivarius
ATCC 27945
Authors: Butler Robert R. , Soomer-James Jahna T. A. , Frenette Michel , Pombert Jean-François
Published: June 2017

Streptococcus salivarius
strains are significant contributors to the human oral microbiome. Some possess unique fimbriae that give them the ability to coaggregate and colonize particular oral structures. We present here the complete genomes of
Streptococcus salivarius
Lancefield K
−
/K
+
strains ATCC 25975 and ATCC 27945, which can and cannot, respectively, produce fimbriae.
Complete Genome Sequences of the Endophytic
Streptomyces
sp. Strains LUP30 and LUP47B, Isolated from Lucerne Plants
Authors: Franco Christopher M. M. , Adetutu Eric M. , Le Hoang X. , Ballard Ross A. , Araujo Ricardo , Tobe Shanan S. , Paul Bobby , Mallya Sandeep , Satyamoorthy Kapaetu
Published: June 2017

The complete genome sequences of two endophytic
Streptomyces
sp. strains, LUP30 and LUP47B, were analyzed. These strains were isolated from surface-sterilized roots of lucerne plants from South Australia and were found to promote the growth of the rhizobial partner
in vitro
and significantly increased nodulation and nitrogen fixation in lucerne plants.
Genome Sequence of the Saprophytic Ascomycete
Epicoccum
nigrum
Strain ICMP 19927, Isolated from New Zealand
Authors: Fokin Mikhail , Fleetwood Damien , Weir Bevan S. , Villas-Boas Silas
Published: June 2017

Epicoccum nigrum
is a common mitosporic fungus of the Didymellaceae (Ascomycota) family known for the production of numerous secondary metabolites. Here, we present the 34.7-Mbp draft genome sequence of strain ICMP 19927 assembled from a range of short-insert and long-insert Illumina libraries.
Metaplastic breast carcinoma with chondroid differentiation: a rare variant of infiltrative carcinoma in a 38-year-old woman
Authors: Taghipour Zahir Shokouh , Javannejad Mostafa
Published: June 2017

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of invasive breast carcinoma, and chondroid differentiation is even rarer. Here we report a case of MBC with extensive chondroid differentiation in a 38-year-old woman who presented with a lump in her left breast. Ultrasound findings were most compatible with those of giant fibroadenoma. A histopathological examination revealed a malignant lesion comprising neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in solid nests, with large areas of chondroid differentiation. Neoplastic chondroid cells exhibited a positive reaction for S-100, patchy positive reaction for pan-cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and negative reaction for epithelial membrane antigen. Both carcinomatous and chondroid cells exhibited p53 overexpression. Sentinel lymph node biopsy revealed no tumorous involvement.
Primary tuberculosis of cystic duct lymph node
Authors: Ghazanfar Aamir , Asghar Afifa , Khan Naqeeb Ullah , Hassan Iram
Published: June 2017

Tuberculosis (TC) is very common and significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Isolated cystic duct lymph node TC cases without involvement of gallbladder are exceedingly rare. It is difficult to diagnose preoperatively because of lack of characteristic signs and symptoms of TC. We report a man aged 45 years who presented with right upper abdominal pain since 1week. It was associated with nausea and postprandial fullness. There was no evidence of jaundice and lymphadenopathy. Abdominal examination showed moderate right upper quadrant tenderness with positive Murphy's sign and splenomegaly but no signs of peritonism. Abdomen ultrasound revealed sludge in gallbladder, dilated pancreatic duct, coarse exotexture of liver, splenomegaly and no lymphadenopathy. He underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy; histological report showed chronic caseating granulomatous lymphadenitis with Langhans type of giant cells in lymph node near cystic duct with chronic cholecystitis of gallbladder. Standard antituberculosis therapy was given for 12 months.
Cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical cancer screening in the public health system in Nicaragua
Authors: Campos Nicole G , Mvundura Mercy , Jeronimo Jose , Holme Francesca , Vodicka Elisabeth , Kim Jane J
Published: June 2017

Objectives

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing (versus Papanicolaou (Pap)-based screening) for cervical cancer screening in Nicaragua.

Design

A previously developed Monte Carlo simulation model of the natural history of HPV infection and cervical cancer was calibrated to epidemiological data from Nicaragua. Cost data inputs were derived using a micro-costing approach in Carazo, Chontales and Chinandega departments; test performance data were from a demonstration project in Masaya department.

Setting

Nicaragua’s public health sector facilities.

Participants

Women aged 30–59 years.

Interventions

Screening strategies included (1) Pap testing every 3 years, with referral to colposcopy for women with an atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or worse result (‘Pap’); (2) HPV testing every 5 years, with referral to cryotherapy for HPV-positive eligible women (HPV cryotherapy or ‘HPV-Cryo’); (3) HPV testing every 5 years, with referral to triage with visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for HPV-positive women (‘HPV-VIA’); and (4) HPV testing every 5 years, with referral to Pap testing for HPV-positive women (‘HPV-Pap’).

Outcome measures

Reduction in lifetime risk of cancer and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER; 2015 US$ per year of life saved (YLS)).

Results

HPV-based screening strategies were more effective than Pap testing. HPV-Cryo was the least costly and most effective strategy, reducing lifetime cancer risk by 29.5% and outperforming HPV-VIA, HPV-Pap and Pap only, which reduced cancer risk by 19.4%, 12.2% and 10.8%, respectively. With an ICER of US$320/YLS, HPV-Cryo every 5 years would be very cost-effective using a threshold based on Nicaragua’s per capita gross domestic product of US$2090. Findings were robust across sensitivity analyses on test performance, coverage, compliance and cost parameters.

Conclusions

HPV testing is very cost-effective compared with Pap testing in Nicaragua, due to higher test sensitivity and the relatively lower number of visits required. Increasing compliance with recommended follow-up will further improve the health benefits and value for public health dollars.
A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Li Haitao , Yan Xinfeng , Deng Xiaoting , Yang Lizhen , Zhao Shaojuan , Zou Jianfeng , Luo Yi , Cao Sijing
Published: June 2017

Objectives

An understanding of the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension is helpful to guide decision-making regarding interventions to reduce the risk for diseases with hypertension as a key risk factor. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Shenzhen, China.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted. We employed multistage cluster random sampling methods to select participants. A survey involving face-to-face interviews was conducted to collect the data. A total of 1676 participants finished the survey and formed the final analysis.

Results

We found that the prevalence of hypertension was 17.6%. The rates of hypertension awareness, treatment and control were 48.8%, 51.4% and 43.2% respectively. Only 6.8% hypertensives were found to be managed by community health centres. Compared with the female participants, the males were found to have higher rates of prevalence (19.7% vs 15.7%; OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.97) and awareness (42.9% vs 38.1%; OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.28 to 4.33), but lower rates of medication treatments (20.5% vs 30.2%; OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.92) and control (12.8% vs 23.0%; OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.96). Migrants were more likely to be aware of hypertension (32.5% vs 44.3%; OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.90), reduce their salt intake (8.8% vs 18.1%; OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.94), and undertake regular monitoring of hypertension (1.3% vs 11.0%; OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.92) when compared with the locals.

Conclusions

Our study finds that hypertension is an important public health burden in Shenzhen. It implies that strategies need to be developed to improve effective primary care management of hypertension. It also suggests a need to develop gender and household register tailored strategies for the prevention, detection, treatment and control of hypertension.
Peripherally InSerted CEntral catheter dressing and securement in patients with cancer: the PISCES trial. Protocol for a 2x2 factorial, superiority randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rickard Claire M , Marsh Nicole M , Webster Joan , Gavin Nicole C , Chan Raymond J , McCarthy Alexandra L , Mollee Peter , Ullman Amanda J , Kleidon Tricia , Chopra Vineet , Zhang Li , McGrail Matthew R , Larsen Emily , Choudhury Md Abu , Keogh Samantha , Alexandrou Evan , McMillan David J , Mervin Merehau Cindy , Paterson David L , Cooke Marie , Ray-Barruel Gillian , Castillo Maria Isabel , Hallahan Andrew , Corley Amanda , Geoffrey Playford E
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Around 30% of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) fail from vascular, infectious or mechanical complications. Patients with cancer are at highest risk, and this increases morbidity, mortality and costs. Effective PICC dressing and securement may prevent PICC failure; however, no large randomised controlled trial (RCT) has compared alternative approaches. We designed this RCT to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of dressing and securements to prevent PICC failure.

Methods and analysis

Pragmatic, multicentre, 2×2 factorial, superiority RCT of (1) dressings (chlorhexidine gluconate disc (CHG) vs no disc) and (2) securements (integrated securement dressing (ISD) vs securement device (SED)). A qualitative evaluation using a knowledge translation framework is included. Recruitment of 1240 patients will occur over 3 years with allocation concealment until randomisation by a centralised service. For the dressing hypothesis, we hypothesise CHG discs will reduce catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSI) compared with no CHG disc. For the securement hypothesis, we hypothesise that ISD will reduce composite PICC failure (infection (CABSI/local infection), occlusion, dislodgement or thrombosis), compared with SED. Secondary outcomes: types of PICC failure; safety; costs; dressing/securement failure; dwell time; microbial colonisation; reversible PICC complications and consumer acceptability. Relative incidence rates of CABSI and PICC failure/100 devices and/1000 PICC days (with 95% CIs) will summarise treatment impact. Kaplan-Meier survival curves (and log rank Mantel-Haenszel test) will compare outcomes over time. Secondary end points will be compared between groups using parametric/non-parametric techniques; p values <0.05 will be considered to be statistically significant.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval from Queensland Health (HREC/15/QRCH/241) and Griffith University (Ref. No. 2016/063). Results will be published.

Trial registration

Trial registration number is: ACTRN12616000315415.
Perception of different formats of front-of-pack nutrition labels according to sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors in a French population: cross-sectional study among the NutriNet-Santé cohort participants
Authors: Julia Chantal , Péneau Sandrine , Buscail Camille , Gonzalez Rebeca , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Published: June 2017

Objective

Four formats for a front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition label are currently considered in France: the Nutriscore (or 5-Colour Nutrition Label, developed by a public research team), the SENS (supported by retailers), Multiple Traffic Lights (MTL, currently used in UK) and a modified version of the Reference Intakes (mRIs, supported by industry). Our objective was to investigate the perception of these FOP labels, according to sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Web-based French cohort.

Main outcome measure

FOP labels perception.

Participants

Participants in the NutriNet-Santé cohort received a specific questionnaire on the perceptions of the four label formats identified. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary data (three 24-hours dietary records) were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Mutually exclusive clusters of FOP labels perception were identified through a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical clustering procedure. Sociodemographic, lifestyle and dietary factors associated with the clusters were explored using multivariable multinomial logistic regression. All analyses were weighted according to 2009 French census data.

Results

Among the 21,702 participants in the study, the Nutriscore received the most important number of favourable responses on positive perception dimensions by participants, followed by MTL and SENS. The five identified clusters were characterised by marked preferences for Nutriscore (cluster 1, 43.2% of participants, crude n=9,399), MTL (cluster 2, 27.3%, crude n=6,163), SENS (cluster 3, 17.05%, crude n=3,546), mRIs (cluster 4, 7.31%, crude n=1,632) and none of the presented formats (cluster 5, 5.10%, crude n=965). The cluster 1 (Nutriscore) was associated with lower adherence to nutritional recommendations, while cluster 2 (MTL) was associated with younger age and higher level of education.

Conclusion

The Nutriscore appears to have a wide reach in the population and to appeal to subjects with lower adherence to nutritional recommendations.
Introducing a post-operative proforma for elective lower limb arthroplasty patients – improving patient care and junior doctor confidence
Authors: Olivier James , Stoddart Michael , Miller Katie , McLintock Robbie , Dahill Mark
Published: June 2017

The assessment of post-operative patients is vital to identify early complications and ensure patient safety. Good clinical record keeping is essential for effective continuity of care and patient safety in the post-operative period. A group of foundation year 2 (FY2) doctors noted a disparity in levels of confidence and ability in performing this assessment.

The aim of the project was to improve documentation and understanding of day one lower limb arthroplasty reviews by FY2 doctors.

The Plan-Do-Study-Act model for continuous improvement was adopted from September 2015 to July 2016. A composite score comprising the twelve most important review parameters for documentation was used to score the quality of documentation on an ongoing basis. An electronic survey was completed by every FY2 rotating through the department. Interventions included registrar-led teaching sessions and an integrated review form placed in the medical notes. Further iterations of the proforma and further interventions were coordinated with the ward clerks, sisters, physiotherapists and senior clinicians.

The baseline mean composite score was 6.3/12. Following implementation of a standardised proforma this score improved to 10.5 in those who had used the proforma, but 5.7 in those who hadn't. Electronic survey responses showed the proforma and teaching were effective in improving knowledge and understanding of post-operative reviews.

The use of an integrated proforma in the medical notes and teaching it's use at induction, improves the documentation and understanding of day one post-operative reviews. Coordinating ward-based change across a cohort of FY2s, with involvement from the multidisciplinary team and management, affects sustained improvements in patient reviews.
Postanaesthetic pulmonary oedema in a dog following intravenous naloxone administration after upper airway surgery
Authors: Bruniges Natalie , Rigotti Clara
Published: June 2017

A cavalier King Charles spaniel was anaesthetised for upper airway surgery. A constant rate infusion of fentanyl at 6 μg/kg/hour and top‐up boluses (5 μg/kg in total) were used for intraoperative analgesia. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was instituted due to tachypnoea and inability to maintain normocapnia. Apnoea and severe hypercapnia developed after cessation of IPPV. IPPV was recommenced for 10 min to reduce hypercapnia, after which spontaneous ventilation returned. The patient had not awakened 45 minutes after isoflurane was turned off and 0.01 mg/kg naloxone was administered intravenously due to suspected fentanyl‐induced narcosis. Following immediate arousal, the patient vomited and suddenly developed symptoms and radiographic changes consistent with pulmonary oedema. General anaesthesia was reinduced and 1 mg/kg furosemide was administered intravenously. IPPV was started with application of positive end expiratory pressure in an air/oxygen mixture for 60 minutes. Recovery was uneventful. This is the first report of a dog developing pulmonary oedema following intravenous naloxone.
Repeated arterial chemoembolisation in a dog with an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Fenner Joy , Caine Abby , Wray Jon , Tappin Simon
Published: June 2017

An 11‐year‐old male neutered Staffordshire bull terrier presented for investigation of inappetence and intermittent postprandial abdominal pain. An 8 cm diameter mass was documented within the right lateral lobe of the liver. An exploratory laparotomy was performed and removal attempted however the mass was unresectable. Biopsy confirmed a low‐grade hepatocellular carcinoma. Arterial chemoembolisation was performed and the patient discharged three days later. The mass was documented to gradually reduce in size before slowly regrowing, then to remain stable until 10 months postchemoembolisation, when the patient again became inappetent. At this time the mass was 11.5 cm diameter. Repeat chemoembolisation was performed as previously. The patient developed pancreatitis following the procedure and remained hospitalised for 10 days. Five weeks after the second procedure, the mass had reduced to 8 cm in diameter. Signs of pancreatitis returned and the dog was euthanased nine weeks after the second procedure; 14 months after the first.
Green’s function approach in approximate controllability for nonlinear physical processes
Authors: Avetisyan Ara S. , Khurshudyan Asatur Zh.
Published: June 2017

Recently, Green’s function approach is used to approximate (initial) boundary value problems for nonlinear dynamical systems. Here, we use this approach for derivation of a simple criterion for approximate controllability of nonlinear dynamical systems. Simple and easy-to-check criteria on system parameters are derived for process controllability. Examples from existing references are considered.
Fractal dimension method for exciton in cylindrical GaAs/AlxGa1−xAs core-shell-cap nanowires
Authors: Sun Hui , Wu Zhenhua , Tian Qiang
Published: June 2017

By use of the fractal dimension method, the binding energies of heavy-hole exciton and light-hole exciton in cylindrical GaAs/Al[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As core-shell-cap nanowire are explored. In this study, the exciton is confined in GaAs shell of the GaAs/Al[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As core-shell-cap nanowire for a given aluminum concentration of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]=[Formula: see text]0.3. The numerical results of heavy-hole exciton binding energy, light-hole exciton binding energy and fractal dimension parameter are worked out as functions of shell width and core radius. It has been shown by the calculated results that heavy-hole exciton binding energy and light-hole exciton binding energy firstly increase and then decrease as the shell width increases. When the core radius increases, both the heavy-hole exciton binding energy and light-hole exciton binding energy increase gradually. Exciton problems in GaAs shell of the cylindrical GaAs/Al[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As core-shell-cap nanowire are solved in a simple manner to avoid complex and lengthy calculations by using the fractal dimension method.
First-principles study of Li decorated coronene graphene
Authors: zhang Yafei , Cheng Xinlu
Published: June 2017

We use the first-principles calculation based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the hydrogen storage of Li decorated coronene graphene. Our result indicates that single Li atom can adsorb three H2 molecules and the adsorption energy per H2 is −0.224 eV. When four Li atoms doped, the largest hydrogen gravimetric density is 6.82 wt.% and this is higher than the 2017 target by the US department of energy (DOE). Meanwhile, the adsorption energy per H2 is −0.220 eV, which is suitable for H2 molecules to store. Therefore, Li decorated coronene graphene will be a candidate for hydrogen storage materials in the future.
Predicted Weyl fermions in magnetic GdBi and GdSb
Authors: Li Zhi , Xu Dan-Dan , Ning Shu-Yu , Su Haibin , Iitaka Toshiaki , Tohyama Takami , Zhang Jiu-Xing
Published: June 2017

Motivated by the chiral anomaly steering negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in GdBiPt under external magnetic field, we studied the electronic structures of GdBi with paramagnetism, antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism by first-principles calculations with modified Becke and Johnson local density approximation plus Hubbard [Formula: see text]. Our calculated results reveal that paramagnetic GdBi is semiconducting, while the antiferromagnetic GdBi is a topological nontrivial compensation metal. We also predict the presence of a pair of Weyl fermions in ferromagnetic GdBi and GdSb. The band crossing along the direction of magnetization is protected by the fourfold rotation symmetry, and the topological charge associating with each [Formula: see text] band crossing point is [Formula: see text].
Multivariate Uniformity Test Based on Incomplete Samples
Authors: Chen Zhenmin
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach for testing multivariate uniformity. The proposed test procedure works for both complete sample case and incomplete sample case. What multivariate uniformity test does is to check whether the population distribution, from which a random sample is drawn is a multivariate uniform distribution. Particularly, it is desired to check whether the population distribution is a uniform distribution on a [Formula: see text]-dimensional unit cube. There are some existing research papers in the literature. The proposed method works when only some arbitrarily selected order statistics are available for the test.
Modeling eutrophic lakes: From mass balance laws to ordinary differential equations
Authors: Marasco Addolorata , Ferrara Luciano , Romano Antonio
Published: June 2017

Starting from integral balance laws, a model based on nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the evolution of Phosphorus cycle in a lake is proposed. After showing that the usual homogeneous model is not compatible with the mixture theory, we prove that an ODEs model still holds but for the mean values of the state variables provided that the nonhomogeneous involved fields satisfy suitable conditions. In this model the trophic state of a lake is described by the mean densities of Phosphorus in water and sediments, and phytoplankton biomass. All the quantities appearing in the model can be experimentally evaluated. To propose restoration programs, the evolution of these state variables toward stable steady state conditions is analyzed. Moreover, the local stability analysis is performed with respect to all the model parameters. Some numerical simulations and a real application to lake Varese conclude the paper.
A mathematical model for DNA
Authors: Sepehri Alireza
Published: June 2017

Recently, some authors have shown that a DNA molecule produces electromagnetic signals and communicates with other DNA molecules or other molecules. In fact, a DNA acts like a receiver or transmitter of radio waves. In this paper, we suggest a mathematical model for the DNA molecule and use of its communication to cure some diseases like cancer. In this model, first, by using concepts from string theory and M-theory, we calculate the energy of a DNA in terms of interactions between free electrons and bound electrons. We show that when a DNA is damaged, its energy changes and an extra current is produced. This extra current causes the electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule to be different when compared to the electromagnetic signals of a normal DNA molecule. The electromagnetic signals of a damaged DNA molecule induce an extra current in a normal DNA molecule and lead to its destruction. By sending crafted electromagnetic signals to normal DNA molecules and inducing an opposite current with respect to this extra current, we can prevent the destruction of normal DNA. Finally, we argue that the type of packing of DNA in chromosomes of men and women is different. This causes radiated waves from DNAs of men and women to have opposite signs and cancel the effect of each other in a pair. Using this property, we suggest another mechanism to cancel the effect of extra waves, which are produced by DNAs in cancer cells of a male or a female, by extra waves which are produced by DNAs in similar cells of a female or a male and prevent the progression of the disease.
HOW BARRIERS INFLUENCE FIRMS’ SEARCH STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: ADEYEYE DAVID , EGBETOKUN ABIODUN , OPELE JACOB , OLUWATOPE OMOLAYO , SANNI MARUF
Published: June 2017

This paper contributes to intellectual discourse on the impact of barriers to firms’ innovative performance and external search strategies in the context of a developing country. Using data from the 2011 Nigeria’s innovation survey in the manufacturing sector, we tested three hypotheses: the relationship between barriers and firms’ innovativeness, breadth and depth of external knowledge sources. We found that firms’ innovativeness can decrease when they encounter a broad range of organisational rigidities. On the contrary, firms’ innovativeness increase in the face of regulatory constraints as firms may evolve ways to circumvent problematic bureaucracies while expectedly, as knowledge and infrastructure barriers become more intense, firms find it difficult to implement innovations. Similarly, we found that higher intensity of barriers, particularly knowledge and infrastructure barriers is associated with lower breadth of search. Hence, our results underscore the importance of regulation and infrastructure as key requirements for enhancing not only firm-level innovation but also knowledge search activities of firms.
KNOWLEDGE ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY, INNOVATION, AND FIRM’s PERFORMANCE: INSIGHTS FROM THE SOUTH OF BRAZIL
Authors: DÁVILA GUILLERMO ANTONIO , DURST SUSANNE , VARVAKIS GREGORIO
Published: June 2017

This paper aims to verify the relationships that may exist between knowledge absorptive capacity (ACAP), innovation performance, and organisational performance in Brazilian firms. A sample of 111 firms from Southern Brazil was surveyed and PLSSEM was used to test the theoretical hypotheses. The relevance of ACAP for innovation and organisational performance is supported. The research also shows that realised ACAP has more influence on innovation performance compared with potential ACAP. Some guidelines for furthering ACAP models suitable for developing countries are provided as well. The findings are a good reference for practitioners as they identify possible actions which can enhance ACAP and thereby contribute to improving innovativeness and performance. This research complements earlier studies which called for the exploration of the role of ACAP on innovation performance and firm’s competitiveness in developing countries, and it opens new avenues for multidisciplinary research.
Cyclical and Persistent Carry Trade Returns and Forward Premia
Authors: Al-Zoubi Haitham A.
Published: June 2017

We show that carry trade excess returns and forward premia of exchange rates possess persistent and clear business-cycle patterns. Our results contradict the peso model of hedged carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., M. Eichenbaum, I. Kleshchelski, and S. Rebelo, 2011, Do Peso Problems Explain the Returns to the Carry Trade?, Review of Financial Studies 24(3), 853–891.] and the overconfidence model of carry trade developed by [Burnside, C., B. Han, D. Hirshleifer, and T. Y. Wang, 2011, Investor Overconfidence and the Forward Premium Puzzle, Review of Economic Studies 78(2), 523–558.]. Our results support equilibrium asset pricing models and share the habit formation view of [Verdelhan, A., 2010, A Habit-Based Explanation of the Exchange Rate Risk Premium, Journal of Finance 65(1), 123–145.] that requires countercyclical risk premia. In bad times, when risk aversion is high and domestic interest rates are low, investors require positive currency excess returns. Consistent with [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] the cyclicality of excess returns is associated with the cyclicality of forward premia. We find that the persistence in forward premia and excess returns is related to their cyclicality. Our results are robust to the [Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2011, Common Risk Factors in Currency Market, Review of Financial Studies 24(11), 3731–3777; Lustig, H., N. Roussanov, and A. Verdelhan, 2014, Countercyclical Currency Risk Premia, Journal of Financial Economics 111(3), 527–553.] high-minus-low (HML) and “dollar carry trade” portfolios.
Natural attenuation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in soil and groundwater
Authors: Thomas Alan O. , Leahy Maureen C. , Smith Jonathan W. N. , Spence Mike J.
Published: June 2017

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are a group of organic compounds that can be synthesized through the process of esterification of fatty acids with methanol. With the increasing use of FAME in biodiesel, there is interest in the fate and effects of FAME in the environment. Single FAME compounds are of low aqueous solubility, low volatility and low mobility but the mechanisms of autoxidation and hydrolysis may result in the generation of more mobile but equally biodegradable components. The FAME types that have been studied in the peer-reviewed literature do not appear to enhance the solubility of hydrocarbons. FAME are widely reported to be readily biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, although rates may vary from site to site. In the majority of studies, biodiesel FAME biodegradation occurred more rapidly than petroleum diesel biodegradation. At sites with limited electron acceptors and macronutrients, microorganisms that degrade FAME have the potential to deplete available electron acceptors and nutrients, resulting in an extended time for diesel biodegradation. As with other labile biofuels, anaerobic biodegradation of FAME may result in significant methane generation. Overall, natural attenuation would appear to be significant in controlling the fate, behaviour and potential risks posed by biodiesel.
Timing of exhumation and deformation across the Taimyr fold–thrust belt: insights from apatite fission track dating and balanced cross-sections
Authors: Zhang Xiaojing , Pease Victoria , Carter Andrew , Kostuychenko Sergey , Suleymanov Arsen , Scott Robert
Published: June 2017

The exhumation and shortening history associated with the Taimyr fold–thrust belt is determined using apatite fission track and balanced cross-section analysis. Eighteen samples from across northern, central and southern Taimyr are used for apatite fission track analysis. These include granite, meta-arenite and sandstone samples with stratigraphic ages ranging from the late Proterozoic to Early Cretaceous. Fission track lengths and central ages are used to model the thermal history of the region and indicate three episodes of cooling in the Early Permian, earliest Triassic and Late Triassic. The thermochronological data are integrated with two balanced regional cross-sections. The regional structural style of deformation reflects a thick-skinned thrust system with 15% shortening (minimum estimate). This is consistent with thickening during early Permian Uralian orogenesis, followed by later heating, uplift and cooling associated with Siberian Trap magmatism and/or Mesozoic transpression.
Position and variability of complex structures in the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Wrona Thilo , Wolovick Michael J. , Ferraccioli Fausto , Corr Hugh , Jordan Tom , Siegert Martin J.
Published: June 2017

Although the flow of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is well constrained from surface measurements and altimetry, our knowledge of the dynamic processes within the ice sheet remains limited. Recent high-resolution radar data from the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in central East Antarctica reveal a series of anomalous englacial reflectors in the lower half of the ice column that cannot be explained by conventional ice flow. Expanding on previous analyses, we describe the geometrical and morphological features of 12 of these anomalous reflectors. Our description reveals a previously unacknowledged diversity in size, geometry and internal structure of these reflectors. We are able to identify four distinct morphological features: (1) fingers; (2) inclusions; (3) sheets; and (4) folds. The ‘fingers’ and ‘inclusions’ probably form by shear instabilities at the boundary between the reflectors and the surrounding meteoric ice. The ‘sheets’ highlight that basal ice can be uplifted off of the bed and above surrounding meteoric ice, and the ‘folds’ may have formed in local regions of converging flow associated with subglacial topography. The study provides key insights into the rheology, stress and deformational regimes deep within the central East Antarctic Ice Sheet.
Complexity of Counting CSP with Complex Weights
Authors: Cai Jin-Yi , Chen Xi
Published: June 2017

We give a complexity dichotomy theorem for the counting constraint satisfaction problem (#CSP in short) with algebraic complex weights. To this end, we give three conditions for its tractability. Let
F
be any finite set of algebraic complex-valued functions defined on an arbitrary finite domain. We show that #CSP(
F
) is solvable in polynomial time if all three conditions are satisfied and is #P-hard otherwise.

Our dichotomy theorem generalizes a long series of important results on counting problems and reaches a natural culmination: (a) the problem of counting graph homomorphisms is the special case when
F
has a single symmetric binary function [Dyer and Greenhill 2000; Bulatov and Grohe 2005; Goldberg et al. 2010; Cai et al. 2013]; (b) the problem of counting directed graph homomorphisms is the special case when
F
has a single but not necessarily symmetric binary function [Dyer et al. 2007; Cai and Chen 2010]; (c) the unweighted form of #CSP is when all functions in
F
take values in {0, 1} [Bulatov 2008; Dyer and Richerby 2013].
Assembly and Function of the Bacillus anthracis S-Layer
Authors: Missiakas Dominique , Schneewind Olaf
Published: June 2017

Bacillus anthracis, the anthrax agent, is a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, which includes invasive pathogens of mammals or insects as well as nonpathogenic environmental strains. The genes for anthrax pathogenesis are located on two large virulence plasmids. Similar virulence plasmids have been acquired by other B. cereus strains and enable the pathogenesis of anthrax-like diseases. Among the virulence factors of B. anthracis is the S-layer-associated protein BslA, which endows bacilli with invasive attributes for mammalian hosts. BslA surface display and function are dependent on the bacterial S-layer, whose constituents assemble by binding to the secondary cell wall polysaccharide (SCWP) via S-layer homology (SLH) domains. B. anthracis and other pathogenic B. cereus isolates harbor genes for the secretion of S-layer proteins, for S-layer assembly, and for synthesis of the SCWP. We review here recent insights into the assembly and function of the S-layer and the SCWP.
RNA-seq implicates deregulation of the immune system in the pathogenesis of diverticulitis
Authors: Schieffer Kathleen M. , Choi Christine S. , Emrich Scott , Harris Leonard , Deiling Sue , Karamchandani Dipti M. , Salzberg Anna , Kawasawa Yuka I. , Yochum Gregory S. , Koltun Walter A.
Published: June 2017

Individuals with diverticula or outpouchings of the colonic mucosa and submucosa through the colonic wall have diverticulosis, which is usually asymptomatic. In 10-25% of individuals, the diverticula become inflamed, resulting in diverticulitis. Very little is known about the pathophysiology or gene regulatory pathways involved in the development of diverticulitis. To identify these pathways, we deep sequenced RNAs isolated from full-thickness sections of sigmoid colon from diverticulitis patients and control individuals. Specifically for diverticulitis cases, we analyzed tissue adjacent to areas affected by chronic disease. Since the tissue was collected during elective sigmoid resection, the disease was in a quiescent state. A comparison of differentially expressed genes found that gene ontology (GO) pathways associated with the immune response were upregulated in diverticulitis patients compared with nondiverticulosis controls. Next, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was performed to identify the interaction among coexpressed genes. This analysis revealed RASAL3, SASH3, PTPRC, and INPP5D as hub genes within the brown module eigengene, which highly correlated ( r = 0.67, P = 0.0004) with diverticulitis. Additionally, we identified elevated expression of downstream interacting genes. In summary, transcripts associated with the immune response were upregulated in adjacent tissue from the sigmoid colons of chronic, recurrent diverticulitis patients. Further elucidating the genetic or epigenetic mechanisms associated with these alterations can help identify those at risk for chronic disease and may assist in clinical decision management.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY By using an unbiased approach to analyze transcripts expressed in unaffected colonic tissues adjacent to those affected by chronic diverticulitis, our study implicates that a defect in the immune response may be involved in the development of the disease. This finding expands on the current data that suggest the pathophysiology of diverticulitis is mediated by dietary, age, and obesity-related factors. Further characterizing the immunologic differences in diverticulitis may better inform clinical decision-making.
Characterization and mechanisms of the supragastric belch in the cat
Authors: Lang Ivan M. , Medda Bidyut K. , Shaker Reza
Published: June 2017

A response in which a belch occurs without gastric involvement, i.e., the supragastric belch (SGB), has been characterized in humans. The aims of this study were to determine whether animals have an SGB and, if so, to determine its mechanisms. Studies were conducted in decerebrate cats ( n = 30) with electromyographic electrodes on hyoid, pharyngeal, esophageal, and diaphragm muscles. The effects of distending different regions of the esophagus in different manners using a balloon were quantified to determine the most appropriate stimulus for activating the cat SGB. The effects of esophageal perfusion of lidocaine ( n = 3), vagus nerve transection ( n = 3), or esophageal acidification ( n = 5) on activation of the SGB were determined. Rapid large distensions of the thoracic esophagus best activated responses similar to the human SGB, i.e., rapid inhalation followed by a belch. The rapid inhalation was associated with activation of hiatal fibers and the belch with activation of dome fibers of the diaphragm. The rapid inhalation response was independent of the belch response. Lidocaine perfusion of the esophagus blocked the belch response without blocking the rapid inhalation, HCl perfusion sensitized the esophagus to activation of both the rapid inhalation and the belch response, and vagotomy blocked both responses. We conclude that the cat has an SGB that is composed of two independent reflex responses, i.e., rapid inhalation and belch, that are mediated by the vagus nerves and tension/mucosal receptors of the esophagus and sensitized by esophageal acid exposure. We hypothesize that the SGB is a learned voluntarily activated reflex response.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Rapid strong distension of the thoracic esophagus activates rapid inhalation followed by a belch, which is the sequence of responses that compose the human supragastric belch (SGB). The rapid inhalation and belch phases of the cat SGB are activated by hiatal and dome fibers of the diaphragm, respectively, and are mediated by the vagus nerves and tension/mucosal receptors of the esophagus and sensitized by esophageal acid exposure. There are many similarities between the cat and human SGB.
Cardiac fibroblast transcriptome analyses support a role for interferogenic, profibrotic, and inflammatory genes in anti-SSA/Ro-associated congenital heart block
Authors: Clancy Robert M. , Markham Androo J. , Jackson Tanisha , Rasmussen Sara E. , Blumenberg Miroslav , Buyon Jill P.
Published: June 2017

The signature lesion of SSA/Ro autoantibody-associated congenital heart block (CHB) is fibrosis and a macrophage infiltrate, supporting an experimental focus on cues influencing the fibroblast component. The transcriptomes of human fetal cardiac fibroblasts were analyzed using two complementary approaches. Cardiac injury conditions were simulated in vitro by incubating human fetal cardiac fibroblasts with supernatants from macrophages transfected with the SSA/Ro-associated noncoding Y ssRNA. The top 10 upregulated transcripts in the stimulated fibroblasts reflected a type I interferon (IFN) response [e.g., IFN-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L), of MX dynamin-like GTPase (MX)1, MX2, and radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (Rsad2)]. Within the fibrotic pathway, transcript levels of endothelin-1 (EDN1), phosphodiesterase (PDE)4D, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)2, and CXCL3 were upregulated, while others, including adenomedullin, RAP guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (RAPGEF3), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)1, TIMP3, and dual specificity phosphatase 1, were downregulated. Agnostic Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery analysis revealed a significant increase in inflammatory genes, including complement C3A receptor 1 (C3AR1), F2R-like thrombin/trypsin receptor 3, and neutrophil cytosolic factor 2. In addition, stimulated fibroblasts expressed high levels of phospho-MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 [a substrate of MAPK5 (ERK5)], which was inhibited by BIX-02189, a specific inhibitor of ERK5. Translation to human disease leveraged an unprecedented opportunity to interrogate the transcriptome of fibroblasts freshly isolated and cell sorted without stimulation from a fetal heart with CHB and a matched healthy heart. Consistent with the in vitro data, five IFN response genes were among the top 10 most highly expressed transcripts in CHB fibroblasts. In addition, the expression of matrix-related genes reflected fibrosis. These data support the novel finding that cardiac injury in CHB may occur secondary to abnormal remodeling due in part to upregulation of type 1 IFN response genes.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Congenital heart block is a rare disease of the fetal heart associated with maternal anti-Ro autoantibodies which can result in death and for survivors, lifelong pacing. This study provides in vivo and in vitro transcriptome-support that injury may be mediated by an effect of Type I Interferon on fetal fibroblasts.