bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chamber catalogues of optical and fluorescent signatures distinguish
bioaerosol classes
Authors: Hernandez Mark , Perring Anne E. , McCabe Kevin , Kok Greg , Granger Gary , Baumgardner Darrel
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Rapid bioaerosol characterization has immediate applications in the military, environmental and public health sectors. Recent technological advances have facilitated single-particle detection of fluorescent aerosol in near real time; this leverages controlled ultraviolet exposures with single or multiple wavelengths, followed by the characterization of associated fluorescence. This type of ultraviolet induced fluorescence has been used to detect airborne microorganisms and their fragments in laboratory studies, and it has been extended to field studies that implicate bioaerosol to compose a substantial fraction of supermicron atmospheric particles. To enhance the information yield that new-generation fluorescence instruments can provide, we report the compilation of a referential aerobiological catalogue including more than 50 pure cultures of common airborne bacteria, fungi and pollens, recovered at water activity equilibrium in a mesoscale chamber (1 m3). This catalogue juxtaposes intrinsic optical properties and select bandwidths of fluorescence emissions, which manifest to clearly distinguish between major classes of airborne microbes and pollens.
Simulation study for measurement of horizontal wind profiles in the polar
stratosphere and mesosphere using ground-based observations of ozone and
carbon monoxide lines in the 230–250 GHz region
Authors: Newnham David A. , Ford George P. , Moffat-Griffin Tracy , Pumphrey Hugh C.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Meteorological and atmospheric models are being extended up to 80 km altitude but there are very few observing techniques that can measure stratospheric–mesospheric winds at altitudes between 20 and 80 km to verify model datasets. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of horizontal wind profile measurements using ground-based passive millimetre-wave spectroradiometric observations of ozone lines centred at 231.28, 249.79, and 249.96 GHz. Vertical profiles of horizontal winds are retrieved from forward and inverse modelling simulations of the line-of-sight Doppler-shifted atmospheric emission lines above Halley station (75°37′ S, 26°14′ W), Antarctica. For a radiometer with a system temperature of 1400 K and 30 kHz spectral resolution observing the ozone 231.28 GHz line we estimate that 12 h zonal and meridional wind profiles could be determined over the altitude range 25–74 km in winter, and 28–66 km in summer. Height-dependent measurement uncertainties are in the range 3–8 m s−1 and vertical resolution  ∼  8–16 km. Under optimum observing conditions at Halley a temporal resolution of 1.5 h for measuring either zonal or meridional winds is possible, reducing to 0.5 h for a radiometer with a 700 K system temperature. Combining observations of the 231.28 GHz ozone line and the 230.54 GHz carbon monoxide line gives additional altitude coverage at 85 ± 12 km. The effects of clear-sky seasonal mean winter/summer conditions, zenith angle of the received atmospheric emission, and spectrometer frequency resolution on the altitude coverage, measurement uncertainty, and height and time resolution of the retrieved wind profiles have been determined.
Vegetation–climate feedbacks modulate rainfall patterns in Africa under
future climate change
Authors: Wu Minchao , Schurgers Guy , Rummukainen Markku , Smith Benjamin , Samuelsson Patrick , Jansson Christer , Siltberg Joe , May Wilhelm
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Africa has been undergoing significant changes in climate and vegetation in recent decades, and continued changes may be expected over this century. Vegetation cover and composition impose important influences on the regional climate in Africa. Climate-driven changes in vegetation structure and the distribution of forests versus savannah and grassland may feed back to climate via shifts in the surface energy balance, hydrological cycle and resultant effects on surface pressure and larger-scale atmospheric circulation. We used a regional Earth system model incorporating interactive vegetation–atmosphere coupling to investigate the potential role of vegetation-mediated biophysical feedbacks on climate dynamics in Africa in an RCP8.5-based future climate scenario. The model was applied at high resolution (0.44 × 0.44°) for the CORDEX-Africa domain with boundary conditions from the CanESM2 general circulation model. We found that increased tree cover and leaf-area index (LAI) associated with a CO2 and climate-driven increase in net primary productivity, particularly over subtropical savannah areas, not only imposed important local effect on the regional climate by altering surface energy fluxes but also resulted in remote effects over central Africa by modulating the land–ocean temperature contrast, Atlantic Walker circulation and moisture inflow feeding the central African tropical rainforest region with precipitation. The vegetation-mediated feedbacks were in general negative with respect to temperature, dampening the warming trend simulated in the absence of feedbacks, and positive with respect to precipitation, enhancing rainfall reduction over the rainforest areas. Our results highlight the importance of accounting for vegetation–atmosphere interactions in climate projections for tropical and subtropical Africa.
Hydrological threats for riparian wetlands of international
importance – a global quantitative and qualitative analysis
Authors: Schneider Christof , Flörke Martina , De Stefano Lucia , Petersen-Perlman Jacob D.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Riparian wetlands have been reportedly disappearing at an accelerating rate. Their ecological integrity as well as their vital ecosystem services for mankind depend on regular inundation patterns of natural flow regimes. However, river hydrology has been altered worldwide. Dams cause less variable flow regimes and water abstractions decrease the amount of flow so that ecologically important flood pulses are often reduced. Given growing population pressure and projected climate change, immediate action is required. Adaptive dam management, sophisticated environmental flow provisions, water use efficiency enhancement, and improved flood management plans are necessary for a sustainable path into the future. Their implementation, however, is often a complex task. This paper aims at identifying hydrological threats for 93 Ramsar sites, many of which are located in transboundary basins. First, the WaterGAP3 modeling framework is used to quantitatively compare current and future modified flow regimes to natural flow conditions. Results show that current water resource management seriously impairs riparian wetland inundation at 29 % of the analyzed sites. Further 8 % experience significantly reduced flood pulses. In the future, Eastern Europe, Western Asia as well as central South America could be hotspots of further flow modifications due to climate change. Second, impacts on riparian wetland flooding are qualitatively assessed. New dam initiatives in the upstream areas were compiled to estimate the potential for future flow modifications. They currently take place in one third of the upstream areas and are likely to impair especially wetlands located in South America, Africa, Asia and the Balkan Peninsula. Further qualitative results address the capacity to act for each site by evaluating whether upstream water resource availability and the existing legal and institutional framework could support the implementation of conservation measures.
Accessing diverse data comprehensively – CODM, the COSYNA data portal
Authors: Breitbach Gisbert , Krasemann Hajo , Behr Daniel , Beringer Steffen , Lange Uwe , Vo Nhan , Schroeder Friedhelm
Published: July 2016

Abstract. The coastal observation system COSYNA aims to describe the physical and biogeochemical state of a regional coastal system. The COSYNA data management is the link between observations, model results and data usage. The challenge for the COSYNA data management CODM is the integration of diverse data sources in terms of parameters, dimensionality and observation methods to gain a comprehensive view of the observations. This is achieved by describing the data using metadata in a generic way and by making all gathered data available for different analyses and visualisations in an interrelated way, independent of data dimensionality. Different parameter names for the same observed property are mapped to the corresponding CF standard name Eaton et al. (2010) leading to standardised and comparable metadata. These metadata together with standardised web services are the base for the data portal. The URLs of these web services are also stored within the metadata as direct data access URLs, e.g. a map such as a GetMap request.
Online resources for improving the care and use of non-human primates in research
Authors: Prescott Mark J.
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Published literature and scientific events provide opportunities to expand knowledge and develop skills in the care and use of non-human primates (NHPs) in research. Increasingly, these traditional routes of information exchange are being complemented by dedicated online resources aimed at sharing best practice in NHP care and use, and enhancing the training and professional development of laboratory staff working with NHPs. This article outlines some key online resources from the UK's National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs) and other organisations with an interest in NHP research, and the ways in which the resources can be integrated into staff training and research practices to enhance animal welfare, quality of science and application of the 3Rs.
Wave climate in the Arctic 1992–2014: seasonality and trends
Authors: Stopa Justin E. , Ardhuin Fabrice , Girard-Ardhuin Fanny
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Over the past decade, the diminishing Arctic sea ice has impacted the wave field, which depends on the ice-free ocean and wind. This study characterizes the wave climate in the Arctic spanning 1992–2014 from a merged altimeter data set and a wave hindcast that uses CFSR winds and ice concentrations from satellites as input. The model performs well, verified by the altimeters, and is relatively consistent for climate studies. The wave seasonality and extremes are linked to the ice coverage, wind strength, and wind direction, creating distinct features in the wind seas and swells. The altimeters and model show that the reduction of sea ice coverage causes increasing wave heights instead of the wind. However, trends are convoluted by interannual climate oscillations like the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. In the Nordic Greenland Sea the NAO influences the decreasing wind speeds and wave heights. Swells are becoming more prevalent and wind-sea steepness is declining. The satellite data show the sea ice minimum occurs later in fall when the wind speeds increase. This creates more favorable conditions for wave development. Therefore we expect the ice freeze-up in fall to be the most critical season in the Arctic and small changes in ice cover, wind speeds, and wave heights can have large impacts to the evolution of the sea ice throughout the year. It is inconclusive how important wave–ice processes are within the climate system, but selected events suggest the importance of waves within the marginal ice zone.
Microstructure representation of snow in coupled snowpack and microwave emission models
Authors: Sandells Melody , Essery Richard , Rutter Nick , Wake Leanne , Leppänen Leena , Lemmetyinen Juha
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This is the first study to encompass a wide range of coupled snow evolution and microwave emission models in a common modelling framework in order to generalise the link between snowpack microstructure predicted by the snow evolution models and microstructure required to reproduce observations of brightness temperature as simulated by snow emission models. Brightness temperatures at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz were simulated by 1323 ensemble members, formed from 63 Jules Investigation Model snowpack simulations, three microstructure evolution functions and seven microwave emission model configurations. Two years of meteorological data from the Sodankylä Arctic Research Centre, Finland were used to drive the model over the 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 winter periods. Comparisons between simulated snow grain diameters and field measurements with an IceCube instrument showed that the evolution functions from SNTHERM simulated snow grain diameters that were too large (mean error 0.12 to 0.16 mm), whereas MOSES and SNICAR microstructure evolution functions simulated grain diameters that were too small (mean error −0.16 to −0.24 mm for MOSES, and −0.14 to −0.18 mm for SNICAR). No model (HUT, MEMLS or DMRT-ML) provided a consistently good fit across all frequencies and polarizations. The smallest absolute values of mean bias in brightness temperature over a season for a particular frequency and polarization ranged from 0.9 to 7.2 K. Optimal scaling factors for the snow microstructure were presented to compare compatibility between snowpack model microstructure and emission model microstructure. Scale factors ranged between 0.3 for the SNTHERM-Empirical MEMLS model combination (2011–2012), and 5.0 or greater when considering non-sticky particles in DMRT-ML in conjunction with MOSES or SNICAR microstructure (2012–2013). Differences in scale factors between microstructure models were generally greater than the differences between microwave emission models, suggesting that more accurate simulations in coupled snowpack-microwave model systems will be achieved primarily through improvements in the snowpack microstructure representation, followed by improvements in the emission models. Other snowpack parameterisations in the snowpack model, mainly densification, led to a mean brightness temperature difference of 11 K when the JIM ensemble was applied to the MOSES microstructure and empirical MEMLS emission model for the 2011–2012 season. Consistency between snowpack microstructure and microwave emission models, and the choice of snowpack densification algorithms should be considered in the design of snow mass retrieval systems and microwave data assimilation systems.
Finite Element Approximation and Numerical Analysis of Three-dimensional Electrical Impedance Tomography
Authors: Yuan Yirang , Li Jiuping , Li Changfeng , Sun Tongjun
Published: July 2016

Electrical impedance tomography is solved by solving an inverse problem of elliptic equation, and a new numerical method or a new technique is argued to consider finite element (such as normal element and mixed element) in this paper on three dimensional region. Introducing different perturbations to boundary restrictions and using different spacial steps, the authors obtain numerical solutions and give comparison with exact solutions. Numerical data show that numerical solution can approximate exact solution well as spacial step taken small and the approximation of Neumann boundary condition is more stable than that of Dirichlet case.
For Newton iterations on finite element method, a large-scaled system of massive linear equations is solved in each iteration, thus the computation is quite expensive. So two techniques are argued in the first half of this paper. Firstly, the invariance property of quasi-element stiffness matrix is used in the  iterations and a type of special current model is introduced. Then the minimum number of direct problems solved is considered. Later a local conservative numerical approximation, low order mixed element (block-centered method) is presented in the latter part and the positive semi-definiteness and the existence of its solution are proved. Computational formula of error functional Jacobi matrix is derived and the least direct problems in each iteration are solved by using the symmetry of algorithm and a special current basis. This method has been applied successfully in actual numerical simulation of three-dimensional electrical impedance tomography.
Delinquency Prevention through Crime Conservation
Authors: Mohammadi Ahlam , Abedinejad Mehrabadi Zahra
Published: July 2016

Nowadays, the prevention of crime over the past are subjected to the judicial authorities seriously and criminal policy has adopted a set of measures to deal with criminal phenomenon that a part of the measures returns to situational prevention measures which seeks to limit the opportunities and situations causing offense and makes difficult to realize the criminal mind. Further, one of these strategies, protect and support the target of crime. In addition the community has not been achieved in take away of the mind and think of the people from crime and social prevention, perfectly. Therefore, we must think of the stockade after the realizing of the criminal act. Owing to one of the ways in which the transition from thought to action make difficult is strengthening the protection of crime targets so the aim of the choice of the current title is trying to realize to prevention from delinquency by protecting the target of crime. Moreover, research methodology is explanatory method using the library resources, the finding of the author of this study is that the organized protection of targets that are more vulnerable to crime will be an effective step towards restriction the crime. In conclusion this protection will be including outside the in-hand targets of criminals or exposed them in the public view, technical measures of protection of the homes and vehicles and other property, property marking, control of inputs and outputs, electronic protections such as video surveillance and protection from software data.
Value8: over publieke figuren en principiële vragen
Authors: Koburg A.P.
Published: July 2016

Value8: over publieke figuren en principiële vragen

Op 15 juni 2016 vond de jaarvergadering van Value8 N.V. plaats. Ruim een maand voorafgaande aan deze vergadering publiceerde Roel Gooskens een artikel op de website Follow The Money waarin hij zich kritisch uitlaat over de waardering van nog niet gerealiseerde waardestijgingen. Dat leidde tot veel reacties, die zijn in te delen in grofweg twee categorieën: (1) wat is de omvang van het recht op informatie van de algemene vergadering? (2) wat mag verwacht worden van grootaandeelhouder en bestuurder Peter Paul de Vries? De column besteedt kort aandacht aan beide aspecten.
Bonje binnen de vereniging van eigenaars
Authors: Kemp B.
Published: July 2016

Bonje binnen de vereniging van eigenaars. Een bespreking van misbruik van meerderheidsmacht aan de hand van Rb. Limburg 5 november 2015, ECLI:NL:RBLIM:2015:9607

Handelt een appartementseigenaar in strijd met de redelijkheid en billijkheid als hij in lijn met zijn persoonlijke belang stemt? De kantonrechter oordeelde van wel. In de bijdrage wordt ingegaan op materieelrechtelijke en procesrechtelijke aspecten van besluitvorming en het aantasten van die besluitvorming binnen VvE’s.
Comparative Study on Growth and Conformation of Male Dumbi Lambs under Two Management Systems
Authors: Huma Rizwana  , Faizan Shahani  , Rani Abro  , Muhammad Naeem  , Nasir Rajput  , M.I. Memon  , S.H. Abro  , Hassina Baloch  , H.K. Kunbhar  , G.A. Mughal  , S. Shahzad Ali
Published: July 2016

A study was carried out on 12 male lambs of Dumbi sheep breed reared under two management systems at the| department of Livestock Management Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University Tando jam. The lambs of Dumbi breed were randomly divided into two groups i.e. group A and B (6 lambs in each group). The group A was reared under semi intensive management system (concentrate and open grazing) whereas animals in group B were kept under intensive management system (concentrate and green fodder). The experiment was lasted for (8) weeks and the observations for body weight and body conformation traits (girth, height and length) were recorded on weekly basis. The result indicated that the average body weight of lambs in group A (12.5 kg) was statistically higher (P
Intestinal Microbiota and Lymphoma
Authors: L. Yamamoto Mitsuko , Westbrook Aya , H. Schiestl Robert
Published: July 2016

The intestinal microbiota and gut immune system must constantly communicate to maintain a balance between tolerance and activation: on one hand, our immune system should protect us from pathogenic microbes and on the other hand, most of the millions of microbes in and on our body are innocuous symbionts and some can even be beneficial. Since there is such a close interaction between the immune system and the intestinal microbiota, it is not surprising that some lymphomas such as mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have been shown to be caused by the presence of certain bacteria. Animal models played an important role in establishing causation and mechanism of bacteria-induced MALT lymphoma. In this review we discuss different ways that animal models have been applied to establish a link between the gut microbiota and lymphoma and how animal models have helped to elucidate mechanisms of microbiota-induced lymphoma. While there are not a plethora of studies demonstrating a connection between microbiota and lymphoma development, we believe that animal models are a system which can be exploited in the future to enhance our understanding of causation and improve prognosis and treatment of lymphoma.
[Cost-effectiveness analysis of peginterferon beta-1a in Italian relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis management]
Authors: Iannazzo Sergio , Santoni Laura , Saleri Cecilia , Puma Elisa , Vestri Giulia , Giuliani Luigi , Canonico Pier Luigi , Centonze Diego
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: Peginterferon beta-1a is indicated in adult patients for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). The efficacy and safety of peginterferon beta-1a was demonstrated in the placebo-controlled ADVANCE trial.OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of peginterferon beta-1a as compared with injectable first-line treatments for RRMS in Italy.METHODS: The cost-effectiveness analysis was developed through a Markov model with lifetime simulation in the perspective of the Italian National Healthcare Service (NHS). It was added an alternative scenario to take into account the Italian societal perspective. Outcomes were measured in terms of life years (LYs), quality adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). The natural progression of the disease was informed by the published literature and previously published modelling exercises. The efficacy of treatments was simulated as reduction of disability progression (EDSS) and relapse rate. Efficacy data were derived from a published network meta-analysis. Unit costs were based on current prices and tariffs, and the published literature. A 3.5% discount rate was applied to costs and outcomes. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were developed and cost-effectiveness acceptability curves generated.RESULTS: Peginterferon beta-1a was more effective than the comparators in terms of survival (19.94 vs.19.68-19.81 discounted LYs, respectively), and QALYs (9.07 vs. 8.06 and 8.55 discounted QALY, respectively). In the perspective of the Italian NHS, the ICER was € 11,111/QALY vs. interferon beta-1a 30 µg, € 12,604/QALY vs. interferon beta-1a 22 µg, € 10,580/QALY and € 16,702/QALY vs. interferon beta-1b 250 µg and € 22,023/QALY vs. glatiramer acetate 20 mg. Peginterferon beta-1a dominated interferon beta-1a 44 µg. In the societal perspective, peginterferon beta-1a was dominant due to being more effective and with a lower social cost compared to first-line injectable treatments (interferon beta -1a, interferon beta-1b, glatiramer acetate) for RRMS. The outcomes of the sensitivity analyses confirmed the trend of the base case results.CONCLUSIONS: Peginterferon beta-1a shows a favourable pharmaco-economic profile for the treatment of RRMS. Even if an official threshold for the cost-effectiveness does not exist in Italy, the ICER values obtained were far below the commonly accepted thresholds (30,000-50,000 €/per QALY gained).[Article in Italian]
Opposing roles for DNA replication initiator proteins ORC1 and CDC6 in control of Cyclin E gene transcription
Authors: Hossain Manzar , Stillman Bruce
Published: July 2016

Newly born cells either continue to proliferate or exit the cell division cycle. This decision involves delaying expression of Cyclin E that promotes DNA replication. ORC1, the Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) large subunit, is inherited into newly born cells after it binds to condensing chromosomes during the preceding mitosis. We demonstrate that ORC1 represses Cyclin E gene (CCNE1) transcription, an E2F1 activated gene that is also repressed by the Retinoblastoma (RB) protein. ORC1 binds to RB, the histone methyltransferase SUV39H1 and to its repressive histone H3K9me3 mark. ORC1 cooperates with SUV39H1 and RB protein to repress E2F1-dependent CCNE1 transcription. In contrast, the ORC1-related replication protein CDC6 binds Cyclin E-CDK2 kinase and in a feedback loop removes RB from ORC1, thereby hyper-activating CCNE1 transcription. The opposing effects of ORC1 and CDC6 in controlling the level of Cyclin E ensures genome stability and a mechanism for linking directly DNA replication and cell division commitment.
Validação de conteúdo das definições operacionais da não adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial Content validation of the operational definitions of non-acceptance to hypertension treatment
Authors: Borges José Wicto Pereira , Moreira Thereza Maria Magalhães , Rodrigues Malvina Thais Pacheco , Oliveira Célida Juliana de
Published: July 2016

Objetivo:Validar o conteúdo das definições operacionais do construto “não adesão ao tratamento da hipertensão arterial”. Método: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa que demonstrou quatro dimensões da não adesão: pessoa, doença/tratamento, serviço de saúde e ambiente. Foram elaboradas 36 definições operacionais no âmbito dessas dimensões. As definições foram avaliadas por um painel de 17 especialistas na temática. Foi calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) de cada definição operacional, e realizado o teste binomial.Resultados: Das 36 definições operacionais elaboradas, 20foram validadas com excelente IVC (≥0,81) com p<0,005; 11 sofreram adequações e foram reavaliadas, e cinco foram excluídas. Conclusão: O delineamento e a validação destas definições operacionais enquanto um evento específico da enfermagem contribui para a consolidação de atributos de conceitos que vislumbram em última instância a demarcação da ciência de Enfermagem.
Experiências das puérperas adolescentes no processo de parturição Experiences in the process of teenage pregnancy parturition
Authors: Escobal Ana Paula de Lima , Soares Marilu Correa , Meincke Sonia Maria Konzgen , Kerber Nalu Pereira da Costa , Santos Cristiano Pinto dos , Matos Greice Carvalho de
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Conhecer as experiências das puérperas adolescentes no processo de parturição. Método: De abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo, trata-se de um recorte dos dados da pesquisa multicêntrica Atenção Humanizada ao Parto de Adolescentes. Fizeram parte do estudo dez adolescentes que tiveram seus partos no hospital participante da pesquisa no período que compreendeu entre novembro de 2008 a novembro de 2009. As participantes foram selecionadas no banco de dados da pesquisa multicêntrica.  Para análise, os dados foram agrupados em consonância com Minayo (2010). Resultados: Obtendo-se como resultado dois temas: percepções das puérperas sobre o cuidado recebido no centro obstétrico e os profissionais de saúde no processo de parturição. Conclusão: Constatou-se que as puérperas adolescentes que perceberem o comprometimento da equipe e julgarem que aquele cuidado fora o ideal, experimentaram o processo de parturição de mais forma prazerosa.
Efeitos das estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem: um ensaio sobre as respostas do corpo que aprende no cenário tutorial Effects of teaching strategies-learning: an essay on the responses of body learning as scenario tutorial
Authors: Silva Paulo Sergio da , Silva Carlos Roberto Lyra da , Tonini Teresa , Figueiredo Nébia Maria Almeida de
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Descrever as estratégias de ensino utilizadas pelos docentes no cenário tutorial. Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado em um Centro Universitário Particular localizado na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos-objeto deste estudo foram dezesseis estudantes regularmente matriculados no primeiro semestre de 2012 e a análise foi realizada mediante a disposição dos conteúdos. Resultados: Definimos a seguinte categoria: Os efeitos das estratégias de ensinar no corpo que aprende. Trata dos efeitos nos corpos dos estudantes a partir de estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas nos cenário tutorial. Conclusão: No plano das formas de ensinar, os estudantes trazem como fundamental as características de saber fazer, que estiveram atreladas as experiências e vivências do professor, descoberta de singularidades, potencialidades e deficiências deles, além do uso de desenhos.
Toward the Geoscience Paper of the Future: Best practices for documenting and sharing research from data to software to provenance
Authors: Gil Yolanda , David Cédric H. , Demir Ibrahim , Essawy Bakinam T. , Fulweiler Robinson W. , Goodall Jonathan L. , Karlstrom Leif , Lee Huikyo , Mills Heath J. , Oh Ji‐Hyun , Pierce Suzanne A. , Pope Allen , Tzeng Mimi W. , Villamizar Sandra R. , Yu Xuan
Published: July 2016

Geoscientists now live in a world rich with digital data and methods, and their computational research cannot be fully captured in traditional publications. The Geoscience Paper of the Future (GPF) presents an approach to fully document, share, and cite all their research products including data, software, and computational provenance. This article proposes best practices for GPF authors to make data, software, and methods openly accessible, citable, and well documented. The publication of digital objects empowers scientists to manage their research products as valuable scientific assets in an open and transparent way that enables broader access by other scientists, students, decision makers, and the public. Improving documentation and dissemination of research will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery by improving the ability of others to build upon published work.
Isotopic signature of extreme precipitation events in the western U.S. and associated phases of Arctic and tropical climate modes
Authors: McCabe‐Glynn Staryl , Johnson Kathleen R. , Strong Courtenay , Zou Yuhao , Yu Jin‐Yi , Sellars Scott , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: July 2016

Extreme precipitation events, commonly associated with “Atmospheric Rivers,” are projected to increase in frequency and severity in western North America; however, the intensity and landfall position are difficult to forecast accurately. As the isotopic signature of precipitation has been widely utilized as a tracer of the hydrologic cycle and could potentially provide information about key physical processes, we utilize both climate and precipitation isotope data to investigate these events in California from 2001 to 2011. Although individual events have extreme isotopic signatures linked to associated circulation anomalies, the composite across all events unexpectedly resembles the weighted mean for the entire study period, reflecting diverse moisture trajectories and associated teleconnection phases. We document that 90% of events reaching this location occurred during the negative Arctic Oscillation, suggesting a possible link with higher‐latitude warming. We also utilize precipitation data of extreme precipitation events across the entire western U.S. to investigate the relationships between key tropical and Arctic climate modes known to influence precipitation in this region. Results indicate that the wettest conditions occur when the negative Arctic Oscillation, negative Pacific/North American pattern, and positive Southern Oscillation are in sync and that precipitation has increased in the southwestern U.S. and decreased in the northwestern U.S. relative to this phase combination's 1979–2011 climatology. Furthermore, the type of El Niño–Southern Oscillation event, Central Pacific or Eastern Pacific, influences the occurrence, landfall location, and isotopic composition of precipitation.
A Walk Down the Lane Gives Wings to Your Brain. Restorative Benefits of Rest Breaks on Cognition and Self‐Control
Authors: Steinborn Michael B. , Huestegge Lynn
Published: July 2016

We investigated the effect of rest breaks on mental‐arithmetic performance, examining performance as a function of the factor rest, time‐on‐task, and demand. We asked the following questions: (i) Does rest (vs a continuous‐work condition) improve cognitive performance? (ii) Is active rest (taking a walk) better than passive rest (watching a video)? (iii) Do compensatory effects of rest increase with time‐at‐work? (iv) Are there differential effects of rest on automatic and controlled processes? (v) Are there differential effects of rest on performance speed versus variability? The results indicate that while rest is generally beneficial for performance, these benefits are similar for active and passive rest. The benefits increase with time‐on‐task and are larger for high (vs low) demand. Further, the effects on average response speed originated only partially from a reduction in the probability of attentional failure, as indicated by reaction‐time (ex‐Gaussian model) distributional and delta‐plot analysis.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing for dabigatran and rivaroxaban by clinical laboratories
Authors: Van Cott Elizabeth M. , Smock Kristi J. , Chen Dong , Hsu Peihong , Zantek Nicole D. , Meijer Piet
Published: July 2016

Rivaroxaban and dabigatran are among the newest anticoagulants, and measuring their concentration in patients is a new challenge for clinical laboratories. We analyzed data from the ECAT proficiency program to determine how well the assays are performing in clinical laboratories internationally. Most laboratories received a passing grade (Z score <3) for the results of their dabigatran and rivaroxaban testing. Failing Z scores were not associated with any particular method. With dabigatran, some homemade calibrators gave higher results than the commercially available calibrators. There were no significant differences among the instruments or the 5 reagents in use, but results showed inter‐laboratory variability that could have clinical significance. The 3 reagents with the lowest number of users had poor inter‐laboratory precision. Ten different anti‐Xa reagents were in use for rivaroxaban testing. One reagent gave lower results than other reagents at 100 ng/mL but not at 300 ng/mL. There were no significant differences among the different rivaroxaban calibrators or instruments. In conclusion, inter‐laboratory precision could be improved for both dabigatran and rivaroxaban assays. Homemade dabigatran calibrators differed from commercially available calibrators, and there was a statistically significant difference between some of the rivaroxaban reagents. About 10% of results received failing Z scores or passed but fell in a range that require the laboratory to investigate for bias or other inaccuracy in their method. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E464–E467, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Graphene Oxide by Oxidation of Graphite with Ferrate(VI) Compounds: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Sofer Zdeněk , Luxa Jan , Jankovský Ondřej , Sedmidubský David , Bystroň Tomáš , Pumera Martin
Published: July 2016

It is well established that graphene oxide can be prepared by the oxidation of graphite using permanganate or chlorate in an acidic environment. Recently, however, the synthesis of graphene oxide using potassium ferrate(VI) ions has been reported. Herein, we critically replicate and evaluate this new ferrate(VI) oxidation method. In addition, we test the use of potassium ferrate(VI) for the synthesis of graphene oxide under various experimental routes. The synthesized materials are analyzed by a number of analytical methods in order to confirm or disprove the possibility of synthesizing graphene oxide by the ferrate(VI) oxidation route. Our results confirm the unsuitability of using ferrate(VI) for the oxidation of graphite on graphene oxide because of its high instability in an acidic environment and low oxidation power in neutral and alkaline environments.
Renewable chemical feedstocks from peanut shell liquefaction: Preparation and characterization of liquefied products and residue
Authors: Zhang Qinqin , Zhang Guangyu , Han Dezhi , Wu Yumin
Published: July 2016

The objective of this investigation is to liquefy peanut shell for the preparation of aromatic polyol‐rich products. The influences of reaction parameters are discussed. It is found that, compared to single‐solvent, the mixture of polyethylene glycol and glycerol as solvents shows higher liquefaction efficiency. And the maximum liquefaction yield of 98.7 wt % can be achieved when the sulfuric acid content, mass ratio between polyethylene glycerol, glycerol, and peanut shell powder, liquefaction temperature, and time are 17 wt % (relative to peanut shell), 8/2/1, 150 °C, and 2 h, respectively. Furthermore, the solubility test result indicates that the liquefied products are fully soluble in the water and polyol. Meanwhile, the properties of the peanut shell and liquefaction residue were analyzed by means of attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, thermal gravity analysis, and scanning electron microscope. The polysaccharide is degraded by the cleaving of C–O bond, and the lignin is decomposed by leaving the dominant linkages including β‐O‐4, 4‐O‐5, and dibenzodioxocin units. The fibers in the peanut shell are broken, and the nondegraded components in the residue lost their network structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44162.
Asymmetric Construction of Pyrrolidines Bearing a Trifluoromethylated Quaternary Stereogenic Center via CuI‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with β‐CF3‐β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes
Authors: Tang Li‐Wei , Zhao Bao‐Jing , Dai Li , Zhang Man , Zhou Zhi‐Ming
Published: July 2016

A direct and convenient method has been developed for the synthesis of optically active pyrrolidines bearing a quaternary stereogenic center containing a CF3 group at the C‐3 position of the pyrrolidine ring. The synthesis system, CuI/Si‐FOXAP‐catalyzed exo‐selective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with β‐CF3‐β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes, provides pyrrolidines with high diastereoselectivities (up to >98:2 d.r.) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99.9 ee) and performs well for a broad scope of substrates under mild conditions.
The stability and validity of automated vocal analysis in preverbal preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Woynaroski Tiffany , Oller D. Kimbrough , Keceli‐Kaysili Bahar , Xu Dongxin , Richards Jeffrey A. , Gilkerson Jill , Gray Sharmistha , Yoder Paul
Published: July 2016

Theory and research suggest that vocal development predicts “useful speech” in preschoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but conventional methods for measurement of vocal development are costly and time consuming. This longitudinal correlational study examines the reliability and validity of several automated indices of vocalization development relative to an index derived from human coded, conventional communication samples in a sample of preverbal preschoolers with ASD. Automated indices of vocal development were derived using software that is presently “in development” and/or only available for research purposes and using commercially available Language ENvironment Analysis (LENA) software. Indices of vocal development that could be derived using the software available for research purposes: (a) were highly stable with a single day‐long audio recording, (b) predicted future spoken vocabulary to a degree that was nonsignificantly different from the index derived from conventional communication samples, and (c) continued to predict future spoken vocabulary even after controlling for concurrent vocabulary in our sample. The score derived from standard LENA software was similarly stable, but was not significantly correlated with future spoken vocabulary. Findings suggest that automated vocal analysis is a valid and reliable alternative to time intensive and expensive conventional communication samples for measurement of vocal development of preverbal preschoolers with ASD in research and clinical practice. Autism Res 2017, 10: 508–519. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between repetitive behaviour and fear across normative development, autism spectrum disorder, and down syndrome
Authors: Uljarević Mirko , Evans David W.
Published: July 2016

The present study had two aims: first to compare levels of restricted and repetitive behaviours (RRB) across two groups of typically developing (TD) children, and two disorders: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Down syndrome (DS), and second to explore the relationship between fear and repetitive behaviours in these four groups. Parents of 41 offspring with ASD (Mage = 123.39 months, SDage = 27.67), 38 offspring with DS (Mage = 125.37 months, SDage = 45.71), 45 typically developing children matched to the mental age (MA) of the DS group (TD MA; Mage = 51.13 months, SDage = 22.1), and 42 chronological age (TD CA; Mage = 117.93 months, SDage = 22.91) matched TD children, completed measures of RRB and fear. ANOVAs revealed differences across the four groups on the RRB subscale scores: “Just Right” F(3,162) = 16.62, P < 0.001; Rigid Routines F(3,162) = 52.76, P < 0.001; Sensory behaviours F(3,162) = 23.26, P < 0.001. Post‐hoc comparisons revealed that children with ASD had the highest RRB levels followed by DS, TD MA, and TD CA children. In children with ASD, higher levels of fear were related to higher RRB levels. Similar, albeit less strong, patterns of associations was found among DS and TD MA children but not in older TD CA children. This study provided evidence of a fear‐RRB association in children with ASD, DS, and two groups of TD children. Autism Res 2017, 10: 502–507. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enhanced Rate Capability of Na–SO2 Rechargeable Battery by Urea‐templated Meso/Macroporous Carbon Electrode
Authors: Song Juhye , Park Jong Hwan , Lee Ah‐Jung , Kim Bo‐Ram , Jeong Goojin , Kim Young‐Jun , Kim Hansu
Published: July 2016

Sodium rechargeable batteries have garnered intensive attention as alternatives to currently used lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Among various sodium secondary batteries, a rechargeable Na–SO2 battery deserves to be regarded as one of the most promising sodium battery systems because of its high energy density and safety. Here we report the enhanced rate performance of Na–SO2 battery by introduction of meso/macropores in the carbon electrode using urea as a pore‐forming agent. The resulting meso/macroporous carbon electrode leads to much improved rate capability and structural stability of the electrode in a Na–SO2 battery against mechanical stress/strains induced by the formation of large size insulting discharge product (NaCl). We firmly believe that the urea‐based cost‐effective and scalable process for a meso/macroporous electrode would be one of the most practical ways to improve the performance of Na–SO2 battery to be a candidate for post‐LIB systems.
Relationship between Particle Hardness of LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 and its Electrochemical Stability at High Temperature
Authors: Song Jun Ho , Kim Young Jun , Kim Jaekwang , Oh Seung Mo , Yoon Songhun
Published: July 2016

LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 was synthesized as a cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries by coprecipitation and solid‐state synthesis. The precursor prepared by coprecipitation was sintered at 950–1000 °C for 10–15 h under air. A cathode material annealed at 950 °C for 10 h (NMC950‐10) has 81% capacity retention, whereas another cathode material at 1000 °C for 15 h (NMC1000‐15) has 85% capacity retention at the 80th cycle at a 60 °C cycle test temperature. Cross‐sectional images of pressed electrodes reveal that this difference results from different degrees of particle rupture. Image analysis shows that the percentages of particle rupture in NMC950‐10 and NMC1000‐15 were 44% and 20%, respectively. The measured particle hardness of the cathode material is quantitatively related to the number of ruptured particles in highly pressed electrodes. Therefore, the cathode material with higher particle hardness exhibits better cycle life performance in 60 °C cell tests.
Visible‐Light Microscopic Discovery of Up to 150 μm Long Helical Amyloid Fibrils Built of the Dodecapeptide H‐(Val‐Ala‐Leu)4‐OH and of Decapeptides Derived from Insulin
Authors: Świontek Monika , Kamiński Zbigniew J. , Kolesińska Beata , Seebach Dieter
Published: July 2016

In the formation of amyloid fibrils from small peptides, the appearance of superhelices of (P)‐ or (M)‐helicity has been observed for the first time; high concentrations of the peptides and extended periods of incubation at physiological pH appear to be important for this phenomenon. In view of the general importance of peptide and protein aggregation, we give a brief overview with selected examples for demonstration.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, type of offending and recidivism in a prison population: The role of substance dependence
Authors: Román‐Ithier Jan C. , González Rafael A. , Vélez‐Pastrana María C. , González‐Tejera Gloria M. , Albizu‐García Carmen E.
Published: July 2016

Background

It is unclear whether adult offenders with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to re‐offend, and if so, in any specific offences.

Aim

This study aimed to examine correlates of childhood ADHD symptoms among prisoners.

Methods

A randomly selected sample of 1179 participants from the adult sentenced population of Puerto Rico (USA) reported their history of violent and non‐violent offences, age of first arrest and re‐offending. Participants completed retrospective measures of ADHD and a diagnostic interview for substance use disorders.

Results

Self‐reported ADHD was associated with age of first arrest, a number of violent and non‐violent offences and re‐offending. The association with any non‐violent offending was explained statistically by substance use disorders and other psychosocial covariates. ADHD was independently associated with being under 15 years of age at first arrest and with re‐offending.

Conclusions

Although some associations between ADHD and offending may be accounted for by co‐morbidity with substance use disorders, early onset of offending and repeated violent offending appear to be directly related to ADHD. Criminal justice policies should, therefore, incorporate ADHD screening accompanied by appropriate rehabilitation programmes when such neurodevelopmental disorder is identified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solitary extraosseous plasmacytoma
Authors: Merza Hussein , Sarkar Raj
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical Message

Plasma cell neoplasms are characterized by a neoplastic plasma cell lineage which produces a monoclonal immunoglobulin. These neoplasms can present as a single lesion (solitary plasmacytoma) or as multiple lesions (multiple myeloma). Solitary plasmacytomas most frequently occur in bone (plasmacytomas of bone), but can also be found outside bone in soft tissues (extramedullary plasmacytomas).