bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flugbilder. Franz Ludwig Pfyffers „Relief der Urschweiz“ und andere Geländemodelle als Medien der wissenschaftlichen Aneignung der Alpen im späten 18. Jahrhundert
Authors: Bürgi Andreas
Published: September 2021

Among the processes of “conquering, developing and appropriating mountains” is occupied by the emergence of mountain topography. In the eighteenth century raised relief, as a terrain model, played one of the most important roles in this process.
This was a period when more reliable topographic data began to be collected on the basis of measurements carried out across the Alps. Possibilities of their cartographic representation were limited at the time. A graphic method for presenting orthogonal projection by means of contour curves was not invented until the nineteenth century. Before that three-dimensional terrain models were the only way to correctly represent various levels of landscape. Terrain models were accepted at the time as the best method for presenting mountain landscapes.
The first attempt to carry out a comprehensive measurement of the Alps over a vast area of a continuous mountain range and represent it on a low relief was made in 1786 and concerned an area in central Switzerland around Lake Lucerne. At that time Franz Ludwig Pfyffer von Wyher, an officer in French service, became famous for advanced surveying techniques and terrain models, both civilian and military. His famous relief depicts around one-tenth of today’s Switzerland, with two-thirds of the area encompassing the Alps and foot of the Alps. From that moment on other authors began to create their models of Alpine landscape. These reliefs were appreciated by contemporary naturalists, especially those studying the Alps, because they enabled them to view the complex topography of the range, which had been impossible before. They drew attention to a number of natural and geological phenomena, and made it possible to come up with new findings relating to the following questions: At what altitude should the snow line be placed? Where is the boundary of vegetation? Where do coniferous forests begin? Where is the line of glaciers? What is the structure of the mountains? Obviously, they were not sufficient to provide all answers to the above questions, but thanks to a “bird’s eye” perspective they made it possible to place special studies of the various disciplines within a broader context, both with regard to the relevant subject matter and between disciplines.
O barroco mineiro e o gestual humano: uma ótica de François Delsarte
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Andrade Carolina Romano de
Published: September 2021

Texto apresentado no I Encontro de História da Arte.
O distante próximo, o próximo distante: a elaboração de um espaço imaginário nas paisagens de Guignard
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Aulicino Marcos Rodrigues
Published: September 2021

A defesa da obra de Guignard pela recente crítica de artes plásticas (principalmente a partir da década de 90) afirma a sua importância para a arte brasileira partindo da defesa de seus índices de modernidade e da busca de destaque em relação aos modernistas paradigmáticos, tirando sua obra de um certo ostracismo que lhe foi reservado a partir de seu isolamento em Minas Gerais, em 1944. Rodrigo Naves afirma, já em 1986, ser Guignard “um dos maiores, se não o maior, entre os pintores brasileiros modernos” e, apesar de ter ficado “à margem da história da arte moderna e, portanto, mais ou menos avesso a suas demandas – conseguiu como poucos, criar uma unidade original entre espaço, superfície, tema e textura.”
Reflexões teóricas sobre questões museológicas e sua contribuição para cenografia
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caetano Juliana Pfeifer
Published: September 2021

O presente trabalho faz parte de uma Iniciação Científica que estou desenvolvendo no Instituto de Artes sobre a questão do uso de cenografias em exposições de arte. O trabalho envolveu a análise de várias exposições de arte que usaram do recurso da cenografia, além de entrevistas com curadores, cenógrafos, artistas e com o público dessas exposições. Decidimos, no entanto, nos concentrar hoje numa questão pontual que consideramos fundamental para compreender o debate em torno da questão da cenografia em exposições de arte. Trata-se da discussão que surgiu na imprensa a respeito do uso de cenografias na “Mostra do Redescobrimento Brasil + 500” realizada no Pavilhão da Bienal do Parque do Ibirapuera – SP em 2000, especialmente no módulo referente ao Barroco. Procuraremos aqui compreender esse debate à luz de algumas reflexões teóricas sobre o papel histórico e ideológico dos museus e de uma análise de suas modalidades discursivas.
Novas leituras do modernismo
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Couto Maria de Fátima Morethy
Published: September 2021

Nas três últimas décadas, os escritos de Clement Greenberg vêm sendo objeto de análise da parte de diferentes críticos e historiadores em todo o mundo, dentre os quais destacam-se os nomes de Rosalind Krauss, Leo Steinberg, Hubert Damisch, Yve-Alain Bois e Thierry de Duve. Em 1993, um colóquio sobre o legado de Greenberg reuniu em Paris alguns dos maiores estudiosos de sua obra e demonstrou “que a era dos adeptos incondicionais e dos detratores obstinados cedeu lugar a um trabalho de recepção propriamente crítico”.
Izboljšanje precepljenosti proti sezonski gripi v UKC Ljubljana s projektom promocije zdravja pri delu
Authors: Dernovšček Hafner Nataša , Udrih Lazar Tanja
Published: September 2021

Cepljenje proti sezonski gripi je eden izmed najučinkovitejših preventivnih ukrepov pred širjenjem te nalezljive bolezni. Delež precepljenih v slovenski populaciji je zelo nizek (3,2 % v sezoni 2016–2017), enako velja za zdravstvene delavce (9,1 % v sezoni 2014–2015), kar ne zagotavlja zadostne kolektivne zaščite pred to boleznijo. V sezoni 2016–17 je bil v UKC Ljubljana prvič izveden projekt promocije zdravja pri delu s sloganom »Gripe ne prenašam! Zato se cepim! Tako ščitim sebe in druge«. Projekt je bil v usmerjen v boljšo osveščenost zdravstvenih delavcev in dvig deleža precepljenih, saj gre za poklicno skupino, ki je v primerjavi s preostalo delovno populacijo bolj izpostavljena in v precej večji meri tvega, da zboli za gripo. S cepljenjem zaposleni v zdravstvu ne zaščitijo le sebe in svojih družin, temveč tudi bolnike. Projekt je k brezplačnemu cepljenju spodbujal vse zaposlene, še zlasti pa skupine zaposlenih z najnižjim deležem precepljenosti. Podpora najvišjega vodstva ustanove ter vodij klinik in drugih organizacijskih enot je bila ključnega pomena za zagotovitev potrebnih sredstev in ustreznih pogojev za izvedbo projekta. Uporabljena komunikacijska sredstva so vključevala logotip, različna vizualna sporočila, uporabno darilo in priponko s sloganom projekta, ki so ju prejeli vsi zaposleni, ki so se cepili. S projektom promocije zdravja pri delu za preprečevanje širjenja sezonske gripe med zaposlenimi v UKC Ljubljana smo povečali delež precepljenih proti sezonski gripi iz 10,0 % na 13,9 % v letu 2016, 20,9 % v letu 2017, 21,7 % v 2018, in 30,1 % v letu 2019. Projekt je nakazal številne možnosti za izboljšave pri načrtovanju in izvedbi cepitvenih aktivnosti v prihodnje. Primer dobre prakse lahko implementiramo tudi v druga bolnišnična okolja.
Uterus couvelaire after caesarean section: A challenging case report
Authors: Singgih Rendy , Sinaga Roy Jansen , Sinaga Yanto Hansitongan
Published: September 2021

HIGHLIGHTS1. Uterus couvelaire, also known as uteroplacental apoplexy, is one of the causative post-partum haemorrhage and peripartum hysterectomy.2. The pathophysiology of uterus couvelaire are bleeding in the layer between the decidua-placenta, which then develops and infiltrates into the uterine wall.3. The uterine couvelaire is associated with placental abruption, placenta previa, coagulopathy, pre-eclampsia, uterine rupture, and amniotic fluid embolism.4. This case report shows the unknown of causative during delivery which can lead to maternal morbidity even mortality if there is no proper maternal monitoring during delivery.ABSTRACTObjectives: To discuss the discovery of uterine couvelaire events after the cesarean section without accompanying placental abruption.Case Report: Uterus Couvelaire is a rare occurrence. The incidence of this case is difficult to ascertain and its estimated incidence is as much as 20% and others’ estimatation is as low as 5%. It occurs mainly due to complications from placental abruption. When a vascular injury occurs in the placenta, it causes bleeding that infiltrates the wall of the uterus. This case is usually diagnosed accidentally because it is diagnosed only by direct visualization or biopsy. In this case, uterine couvelaire was found in a woman after a cesarean section that had been performed previously. Uterine couvelaire events are usually seen due to complications from placental abruption, but in this case, there was none.Conclusion: It was not known for sure what caused the emergence of the uterine couvelaire in this case. Hysterectomy was performed in this case due to the patient's unstable hemodynamic state.
Torenia maculata (Linderniaceae), a new record for Thailand
Authors:   Environmental Program, Faculty of Environmental Culture, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, Thailand, Sutthisaksopon Phanom , Chantaranothai Pranom ,   Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,  Thailand, Suddee Somran ,   Forest Herbarium, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Published: September 2021

Torenia maculata, is a newly recorded species for Thailand. A description, illustrations and comments on its ecology and distribution are provided.
Implementasi Gerakan Masyarakat Maghrib Mengaji dalam Upaya Pembinaan Keagamaan di Desa Banjar Lopak Kecamatan Benai Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Putra Handal Pratama
Published: September 2021

Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarkat revitalisasi tradisi membaca A-Qur’an melalui Gerakan Masyarakat Maghrib Mengaji sehingga dapat membentuk generasi Qur’ani dan membangun akhlak serta membentengi diri dari pengaruh buruk dari penggunaan gadget. Pada penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. lokasi penelitian yaitu di Desa Banjar Lopak Kecamatan Benai Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi. Dalam penelitian ini teknik penentuan informan menggunakan purposive sampling. Purposive sampling yaitu teknik pengambilan sampel sumber data dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Teknik pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan 3 teknik yaitu Observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Untuk keabsahan data penulis menggunakan triangulasi, yaitu teknik pengumpulan data dan sumber data yang telah ada. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pembinaan keagamaan melalui Gerakan Masyarakat Maghrib Mengaji sudah terlaksana dengan baik dengan terdapat kegiatan pengajaran Al Quran, praktek ibadah dan pelatihan public speaking. Sasaran gerakan ini untuk keluarga muslim dari anak-anak sampai dewasa, namun dalam pelaksanaannya hanya dikuti oleh anak-anak. Kendala yang dihadapi oleh pengajar adalah terdapat sejumlah anak yang sulit diatur dalam proses kegiatan pengajaran. Dapat dikatakan pelaksanaan gerakan maghrib mengaji di Desa Banjar Lopak sudah terlaksana dan terus melakukan inovasi kegiatan dari waktu ke waktu. Namun perlu diadakannya evaluasi kegiatan agar dapat mengukur keberhasilan prpgram tersebut.
Studi Analitik Pola Pendidikan Karakter Oleh Luqmanul Hakim (Telaah Surah Luqman Ayat 12-19)
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Hafni Nur , Lutfiana Fika ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Sari Tita Radhiya ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Nudin Burhan ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Published: September 2021

Character education is a conscious effort to educate and empower students to have individual characters, attitudes, and morals in accordance with social norms so that they benefit themselves and society. In 2018, KPAI handled 1885 cases. The most cases, 504 children, are criminal cases starting from drug dealers, stealing, to brawling. The KPAI also stated that the cases of brawl in Indonesia increased by 1.1% throughout 2018. In 2017, the number of brawl cases was 12.9%, but increased to 14% in 2018. This shows that the problem of character is one of the problems that threaten the morality, attitudes and behavior of teenagers today. This Research is a narrative literature study through a descriptive approach as a method of writing. This studyfound that the humanist method with a gradual model is the main key to the success of implementing character education. The pattern of character education in Luqmanul Hakim's story begins with the role of parents in instilling tauhid belief, the teaching to do good to parents, worship, and instilling good and noble character in a child.
Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Melalui Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif Sablon Cukil
Authors:   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Zaidan Aden Wijdan Syarif , Junanah Junanah ,   Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta
Published: September 2021

The background of the service is that the development of the Kawruh Lumbung Studio is needed so that it can be further developed through the Cukil Screen Printing Business. The Cukil screen printing business is considered to be important expertise to accommodate creativity and improve the community's economy, especially young people to not migrate but focus on working to support the progress of Petir Village. The lumbung kawruh studio has several routine activities, including learning to read and write Javanese script, learning to dance and a mini library. The various creative potentials above, on the other hand, can be used as a medium for entrepreneurship education for youth in the area. The purpose of this service is to develop the art of Cukil (Cukil screen printing) which is applied to tshirts and bags, and to make it a medium for entrepreneurship education for youth in the area. The results of this service process include young people who have had cut-out screen printing skills through the entrepreneurship education process using the focus group discussion method, workshops andthe practice of screen printing.
Yellow-throated Honeyeater Nesoptilotis flavicollis parental care, foraging ecology and social behaviour compared with the White-eared Honeyeater N. leucotis
Authors:   Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia, Donaghey Richard
Published: September 2021

The Yellow-throated Honeyeater Nesoptilotis flavicollis (Meliphagidae) is endemic to Tasmania and the Bass Strait islands. A watch at a nest attended by a colour-banded male and his mate revealed that the three nestlings were fed at a mean rate of 18.3 meals per hour 2 days before fledging. The female delivered more than half the meals and the male contributed at least 34% of them. Thus, this study showed that both the male and female of a pair fed the nestlings, contrary to previous reports that only the female feeds nestlings. Both male and female fed the fledglings. The foraging ecology, social behaviour and nesting ecology of the Yellow-throated Honeyeater and its sister species, the White-eared Honeyeater N. leucotis, are compared.
Upper-Bound General Circulation of the Ocean: a Theoretical Exposition
Authors: Ou Hsien-Wang
Published: September 2021

This paper considers the general ocean circulation within the thermodynamical closure of our climate theory, which aims to deduce the generic climate state from first principles. The preceding papers of the theory have reduced planetary fluids to warm/cold masses and determined their bulk thermal properties, which provide prior constraints for the derivation of the upper-bound circulation when the potential vorticity is homogenized in moving masses. In a companion paper on the atmosphere, this upper bound is seen to reproduce the prevailing wind, forsaking therefore previous discordant explanations of the easterly trade and the polar jet stream. In this paper on the ocean, we again show that this upper bound may replicate broad features of the observed circulation, including a western-intensified subtropical gyre and a counter-rotating tropical gyre feeding the equatorial undercurrent. Together, we posit that PV homogenization may provide a unifying dynamical principle of the large-scale planetary circulation, which may be interpreted as the maximum macroscopic motion extractable by microscopic stirring --- within the confine of the thermal differentiation.
Not Ready to Kwit? A Mobile App Preparation Program for Smoking Cessation: Assessing Feasibility in Ecological Context
Authors: Bustamante Luz , Ehrminger Mickael , Romo Lucia
Published: September 2021

Aim: The main purpose of this feasibility study was to estimate compliance and acceptability rate of a 9-Steps mobile app preparation program. Subsequently, to assess its impact regarding attitudes towards smoking cessation. Methods: The program was only available on versions above iOS 13.3. The ecological study collected user’s data via the app from 04/07/2021 to 28/07/2021. Results: A total of 2331 ecological users completed onboarding; 1926 users (73.9%) completed the step 0 and only 265 users continued in step 1. On average, participants actively engaged with intra-steps activities (85,1%). Most users were highly satisfied at the end of each step. On average 86% found the content of each step comprehensive and relevant. Mann-Whitney tests demonstrated positive changes in attitudes toward smoking cessation on the less confident users: willing (3 to 5, p <.05); confidence (3 to 5, p <.001) and readiness to quit (3 to 5, p <.001). Conclusions: This ecological study corroborates the expected dropout between first use and regular use of health mobile apps. However, engagement and satisfaction rates support the feasibility and acceptability of a 9-step preparation program. Additional research is needed to better understand determinants of regular use of mobile apps and its impact on the target behavior.
Pengolahan Limbah Tahu dan Potensinya
Authors: Cahyani Mutiara Regita , Zuhaela Intan Ayu , Saraswati Teguh Endah , Raharjo Sentot Budi , Pramono Edi , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Lestari Witri Wahyu , Widjonarko Dian Maruto
Published: September 2021

Tahu merupakan produk makanan yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Produksi tahu di Indonesia masih banyak menggunakan metode konvensional dengan limbah yang dihasilkan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah tahu mengandung senyawa organik dengan pH yang rendah dan merupakan salah satu penyumbang polutan pada lingkungan perairan apabila tidak dilakukan proses pengolahan terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah tahu dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode, seperti penambahan bakteri mikroorganisme efektif, plasma ozonasi, biogas dan produksi makanan. Potensi pengolahan limbah tahu menjadi produk yang lebih bermanfaat belum banyak dikenal masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu diperlukan metode alternatif pengolahan limbah tahu yang lebih efektif dan efisien sehingga mudah diterapkan pada masyarakat. Beberapa pengolahan limbah tahu berpotensi menjadi pupuk organik cair, mengurangi kadar polutan sehingga lebih aman jika dibuang ke lingkungan, yang selanjutnya dapat menghasilkan biogas sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Selain itu, limbah tahu dapat digunakan untuk produksi makanan seperti Nata de soya, tempe gembus, dan keripik

Tofu Waste Treatment and Its Potential. Tofu is a food product most consumed by Indonesians. Tofu production in Indonesia still uses conventional methods with the resulting waste which has not been used optimally. Tofu waste contains organic compounds with low pH and is a contributor to pollutants in the aquatic environment if it was not processed first before being discharged into the environment. Tofu waste treatment can be carried out by several methods, such as the addition of effective bacteria of microorganisms, plasma ozonation, biogas, and food production. The potential of tofu waste processing into a more useful product has not been widely recognized by the public. Therefore, it requires an alternative method of tofu waste treatment that is more effective and efficient so that it is easily applied to society. Some tofu waste treatment plants have the potential to become liquid organic fertilizer, reduce pollutant levels thus it is safer when released into the environment further used to produce biogas as an alternative fuel. In addition, it can be used for other food products such as Nata de soya, Tempe gembus (a traditional fermented food), and chips.

 
Outcomes of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Following Septic Arthritis of the Native Knee
Authors: Bettencourt Jacob W. , Wyles Cody C. , Fruth Kristin M. , Osmon Douglas R. , Hanssen Arlen D. , Berry Daniel J. , Abdel Matthew P.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Septic arthritis of the native knee often results in irreversible joint damage leading to the need for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of the present study was to examine the intermediate-term risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), aseptic revision, and reoperation following primary TKA in patients with a history of septic arthritis of the native knee as compared with primary TKA performed for the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 215 primary TKAs performed from 1971 to 2016 at a single institution in patients with a history of septic arthritis of the native knee. Each case was matched 1:1 based on age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and surgical year to a TKA for osteoarthritis. The mean age and BMI were 63 years and 30 kg/m2, respectively. The mean duration of follow-up was 9 years.

Results:

Survivorships free of PJI at 10 years were 90% and 99% for the septic arthritis and osteoarthritis groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.1; p < 0.01). Ten-year survivorships free of any aseptic revisions were 83% and 93% (HR = 2.5; p < 0.01), and survivorships free of any reoperation were 61% and 84% (HR = 2.9; p < 0.01) for the septic arthritis and osteoarthritis groups, respectively. In addition, as time from the diagnosis of native knee septic arthritis to TKA increased, the relative risk of subsequent infection decreased. Preoperative and 2-year postoperative Knee Society scores were similar between the groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.19, respectively).

Conclusions:

There was a 6.1-fold increased risk of PJI in patients undergoing TKA with a history of native knee septic arthritis when compared with controls undergoing TKA for the treatment of osteoarthritis, with a cumulative incidence of 9% at 10 years. Subgroup analysis of the septic arthritis cohort revealed a higher risk of any infection in patients who underwent TKA within the first 5 to 7 years after the diagnosis of septic arthritis as compared with those with a greater duration. Moreover, the 10-year rates of survival free of aseptic revision, any revision, and any reoperation were significantly worse in the native knee septic arthritis cohort.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Tanggung Jawab Tertundanya Pembayaran Pajak Para Pelaku Usaha Tempat Hiburan Malam Dimasa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Hidayat Indra , Marpaung Devi Siti Hamzah
Published: September 2021

The outbreak of covid-19 causes a variety of problems in the community, where this outbreak also has a bad impact on the economic sector both central and regional where this affects the payment of taxes for taxpayers in Indonesia. Because of the many sectors affected by this outbreak that affect the sources of income of businesses are no exception for businesses nightlife venues, because of this outbreak and the enforcement of restrictions on hours and also the policy of psbb the night entertainment businesses get a pretty bad impact where they have to pay the salaries of their employees they are also harmed because they have to accept that their turnover decreased during the outbreak this hit Indonesia so that because the application of taxes from the huburan is quite high, so they will be quite burdened with the dependents they have by having to pay taxes. Thus things such as delayed payment of taxes are inevitable. With the explanation of these things, this study will explain how responsibility for businesses as a result of the delayed payment of entertainment tax.
Perilaku Etis Mahasiswa Akuntansi Ditinjau Dari Locus of Control dan Love of Money
Authors: Dewi Ni Nyoman Sri Rahayu Trisna
Published: September 2021

Ethical behavior is related to self-control. A person who is able to control himself will not easily carry out unethical actions intentionally. Ethical violations committed by someone can also be based on a factor of money. Someone who to love with money will tend to do various ways to meet their needs, even though they deviate from ethical behavior. This study aimed at determine the effect of locus of control and love of money on the ethical behavior of accounting students at the Faculty of Business, Triatma Mulya University. This study used a saturated sampling method, so that the number of samples obtained is 38 students. The analysis technique used in this research was multiple regression analysis. The results showed that locus of control had a positive effect on the ethical behavior of the accounting students of the Faculty of Business, Triatma Mulya University, while love of money had no effect on the ethical behavior of accounting students at the Faculty of Business, Triatma Mulya University.
Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Firm Size Terhadap Profitabilitas (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Non Keuangan Indeks LQ 45 Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2013-2017)
Authors: Suroto Faisal , Setiadi Iwan
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on profitability and company size. Good corporate governance in this study is proxied by independent board of commissioners, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit quality and Firm Size. Company profitability is measured by Return on Equity (ROE). This type of research is quantitative with a descriptive approach. The population in this study is the LQ45 non-financial company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. The sample selection technique is using purposive sampling. The type of data used is student data. The data analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that simultaneous independent commissioner variables, managerial ownership, institutional ownership, audit quality and firm size have a significant effect on profitability. partially independent board of commissioner variables have a significant negative effect on priofitability. Managerial ownership does not have a significant effect on profitability. Institutional ownership has a significant positive effect on profitability. Audit quality does not have a significant effect on profitability, Firm size does not have a significant effect on profitability.
A Simple Method for Quantifying Inter-Well Communication Using Production Data from Single-Phase Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Hamdi Hamidreza , Behmanesh Hamid , Clarkson Christopher R.
Published: September 2021

Hydraulic fracture/reservoir properties and fluid-in-place can be quantified by using rate-transient analysis (RTA) techniques applied to flow rates/pressures gathered from multi-fractured horizontal wells (MFHWs) completed in unconventional reservoirs. These methods are commonly developed for the analysis of production data from single wells without considering communication with nearby wells. However, in practice, wells drilled from the same pad can be in strong hydraulic communication with each other. This study aims to develop the theoretical basis for analyzing production data from communicating MFHWs completed in single-phase shale gas reservoirs.

A simple and practical semi-analytical method is developed to quantify the communication between wells drilled from the same pad by analyzing online production data from the individual wells. This method is based on the communicating tanks model and employs the concepts of macroscopic material balance and the succession of pseudo-steady states. A set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are generated and solved simultaneously using the efficient Adams-Bashforth-Moulton algorithm. The accuracy of the solutions is verified against robust numerical simulation.

In the first example provided, a MFHW well-pair is presented where the wells are communicating through primary hydraulic fractures with different communication strengths. In the subsequent examples, the method is extended to consider production data from a three-well and a six-well pad with wine-rack-style completions. The developed model is flexible enough to account for asynchronous wells that are producing from distinct reservoir blocks with different fracture/rock properties. For all the studied cases, the semi-analytical method closely reproduces the results of fully numerical simulation. The results demonstrate that, in some cases, when new wells start to produce, the production rates of existing wells can drop significantly. The amount of productivity loss is a direct function of the communication strengths between the wells. The new method can accurately quantify the communication strength between wells through transmissibility multipliers between the hydraulic fractures that are adjusted to match individual well production data.

In this study, a new simple and efficient semi-analytical method is presented that can be used to analyze online production data from multiple wells drilled from a pad simultaneously with minimal computation time. The main advantage of the developed method is its scalability, where additional wells can be added to the system very easily.
Natural Low-Cost Coal-Based Additive to Improve Well Cement Integrity
Authors: Tabatabaei Maryam , Dahi Taleghani Arash
Published: September 2021

The primary goal of wellbore cementing is providing a zonal isolation. Prevention of any potential leaks, beyond even production life, needs novel methods to engineer cement properties at the material-level. We probe the application of a cost-effective anthracite additive, to refine voids and control crack propagation in cement. We develop a micro reinforcement for the cement to improve its overall mechanical properties, specifically, its tensile strength and resiliency. We present a method for treating the surface of anthracite particle. Surface-modified anthracite particles can disperse uniformly within the cement and form strong bonding at their interfaces. Strong bonding enhances the durability of cement under pressure and temperature fluctuations may occur during completion, production and post-production.
Using Semi-Supervised Convolutional Neural Networks for Porosity Modeling Over a Fluvio-Deltaic Triassic Gas Field
Authors: Di Haibin , Abubakar Aria
Published: September 2021

Robust estimation of rock properties, such as porosity and density, from geophysical data, i.e. seismic and well logs, is essential in the process of subsurface modeling and reservoir engineering workflows. Such properties are accurately measured in a well; however, due to high cost of drilling, such direct measurements are limited in amount and sparse in space within a study area. On the contrary, 3D seismic data illuminates the subsurface of the study area throughoutly by seismic wave propagation; however, the connection between seismic signals and rock properties is implicit and unknown, causing rock property estimation from seismic only to be a challenging task and of high uncertainty. An integration of 3D seismic with sparse wells is expected to eliminate such uncertainty and improve the accuracy of static reservoir property estimation.

This paper investigates the application of a semi-supervised learning workflow to estimate porosity from a 3D seismic survey and 36 wells over a fluvio-deltaic Triasic gas field. The workflow is performed in various scenarios, including purely from seismic amplitude, incorporating a rough 6-layer deposition model as a constraint, and training with varying numbers of wells. Good match is observed between the machine prediction and the well logs, which verifies the capability of such semi-supervised learning in providing reliable seismic-well integration and delivering robust porosity modeling. It is concluded that the use of available additional information helps effectively constrain the learning process and thus leads to significantly improved lateral continuity and reduced artifacts in the machine learning prediction. The semi-supervised learning can be readily extended for estimating more properties and allows nearly one- click solution to obtain 3D rock property distribution in a study area where seismic and well data is available.
Well GOR Prediction from Surface Gas Composition in Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Cely Alexandra , Zaostrovski Andrei , Yang Tao , Uleberg Knut , Kopal Margarete
Published: September 2021

There are increased development activities in shale reservoirs with ultra-low permeability thanks to the advances in drilling and fracking technology. However, representative reservoir fluid samples are still difficult to acquire. The challenge leads to limited reservoir fluid data and large uncertainties for shale play evaluation, field development, and production optimization.

In this work, we built a large unconventional reservoir fluid database with more than 2400 samples from shale reservoirs in Canada, Argentina, and the USA, comprising early production surface gas data and traditional PVT data from selected shale assets. A machine learning approach was applied to the database to predict gas to oil ratio (GOR) in shale reservoirs.

To enhance regional correlations and obtain a more accurate GOR prediction, we developed a machine learning model focused on Canada shale plays data, intended for wells with limited reservoir fluid data available and located within the same region. Both surface gas compositional data and well location and are input features to this model. In addition, we developed an additional machine learning model for the objective of a generic GOR prediction model without shale dependency. The database includes Canada shale data and Argentina and USA shale data.

The GOR predictions obtained from both models are good. The machine learning model circumscribed to the Canada shale reservoirs has a mean percentage error (MAPE) of 4.31. In contrast, the generic machine learning model, which includes additional data from Argentina and USA shale assets, has a MAPE of 4.86. The better accuracy of the circumscribed Canada model is due to the introduction of the geospatial well location to the model features.

This study confirms that early production surface gas data can be used to predict well GOR in shale reservoirs, providing an economical alternative for the sampling challenges during early field development. Furthermore, the GOR prediction offers access to a complete set of reservoir fluid properties which assists the decision-making process for shale play evaluation, completion concept selection, and production optimization.
Quantifying PDC Bit Wear in Real-Time and Establishing an Effective Bit Pull Criterion Using Surface Sensors
Authors: Witt-Doerring Ysabel , Pastusek Paul Pastusek , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Oort Eric van
Published: September 2021

It is useful during drilling operations to know when bit failure has occurred because this knowledge can be used to improve drilling performance and provides guidance on when to pull out of hole. This paper presents a simple polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit wear indicator and an associated methodology to help quantify wear and failure using real-time surface sensor data and PDC dull images.

The wear indicator is used to identify the point of failure, after which corresponding surface data and dull images can be used to infer the cause of failure. It links rotary speed (RPM) with rate of penetration (ROP) and weight-on-bit (WOB). The term incorporating RPM and ROP represents a "sliding distance", i.e. the number of revolutions required to drill a unit distance of formation, while the WOB represents the formation hardness or contact pressure applied by the formation.

This PDC bit wear metric was applied and validated on a data set comprised of 51 lateral production hole bit runs on 9 wells. Surface electric drilling recorder (EDR) data alongside bit dull photos were used to interpret the relationship between the wear metric and observed PDC wear. All runs were in the same extremely hard (estimated 35 – 50 kpsi unconfined compressive strength) and abrasive shale formation. Sliding drilling time and off-bottom time were filtered from the data, and the median wear metric value for each stand was calculated versus measured hole depth while in rotary mode.

The initial point in time when the bit fails was found to be most often a singular event, after which ROP never recovered. Once damaged, subsequent catastrophic bit failure generally occurred within drilling 1-2 stands. The rapid bit failure observed was attributed to the increased thermal loads seen at the wear flat of the PDC cutter, which accelerate diamond degradation. The wear metric more accurately identifies the point in time (stand being drilled) of failure than the ROP value by itself.

Review of post-run PDC photos show that the final recorded wear metric value can be related to the observed severity of the PDC damage. This information was used to determine a pull criterion to reduce pulling bits that are damaged beyond repair (DBR) and reduce time spent beyond the effective end of life. Pulling bits before DBR status is reached and replacing them increases overall drilling performance.

The presented wear metric is simple and cost-effective to implement, which is important to lower-cost land wells, and requires only real-time surface sensor data. It enables a targeted approach to analyzing PDC bit wear, optimizing drilling performance and establishing effective bit pull criteria.
Four Simple Questions: Decision-Centered Risk and Project Management
Authors: Haskett William
Published: September 2021

A decision-centric approach to projects creates confidence, improves value, and shortens time to revenue. A straight-forward objective based approach to managing project decisions is presented in the form of four primary questions. Those questions are:Does the issue/threat/opportunity make a material difference to the project? (Materiality)Can anything be done to affect the outcome? (Influence)Can you afford to do anything about it? (Value)What if you are wrong? (Confidence)

Materiality – An issue/threat/opportunity must make a material difference to a project decision to be worth receiving attention. The concept of materiality will vary in size and consequence from project to project, so it is important to maintain a decision focus. Understanding the variability in the project with respect to decision thresholds can provide an indication of materiality. We must also ask how different our current assessment of the project, or its environment could get before we would like to change our decision.

Affective ability – Accepted risk-management options of avoidance, mitigation, transfer, and acceptance present the decision options within this category. In considering the consequences the options, decision tools such as Indifference Assessment and Pain and Regret Assessment.

Avoidance, Mitigation, or Transfer – while most projects can benefit through risk reduction, such effort must make economic sense. Risk reduction paths must add value to the project through added upside or elimination of at least a portion of downside threat. The value of these efforts is aided by use of tools such as Value-of-Information, Value-of-Control, and Value-of-learning.

Being wrong – Making a regretful decision is always a possibility but the source of the "wrongness" and its likely impact is often overlooked by teams.

In project planning and execution, decision-makers are often presented with a plethora of issues, threats, and opportunities. From development planning through implementation significant time and resource waste can be cut by prioritizing effort to the issues that matter. Understanding the issues in the context of materiality and then what to do, if anything, about an issue, becomes key to maximizing success. This approach cuts waste and focuses the attention on what matters.

Decision Intelligence not only increases the probability of making the best decisions, but it also prioritizes work to those items that matter either for value or decision path. While most of the decision tools referenced are well documented in the literature, placing them into the context of the Four Question Approach allows teams and management to focus more closely on efficiently mitigating issues, shortening workflow, and creating significantly higher decision confidence. This novel approach works well in all phases of project planning through project management implementation.
An Innovative Artificial Intelligence Framework for Reducing Carbon Footprint in Reservoir Management
Authors: Katterbauer Klemens , Al Sofi Abdulkarim , Marsala Alberto , Yousif Ali
Published: September 2021

The energy industry has been transformed considerably in the last years. Sustainable development of oil and gas reservoir has become a major driver for these energy companies, and strengthened the focus to maximize hydrocarbon extraction while minimizing the associated carbon footprint. The focus has been further on maximizing efficiency and waste reduction in order to enhance profitability of projects. Challenges still remain in terms of that the carbon emissions from oilfield operations, related to the production, disposal and utilization of water and hydrocarbons, may be significant and the objective of increasing production has to be traded off in many instances against the quest for reducing carbon emissions. The fourth industrial revolution has brought new opportunities for companies to enhance decision making in their upstream development and optimize their recovery potential while minimizing the carbon footprint and associated cost.

In this work, we present a smart approach for optimizing recovery while minimizing the carbon footprint of a reservoir in terms of the associated development and production activities. We use an advanced nonlinear autoregressive neural network approach integrated with time-lapse electromagnetic monitoring data to forecast production and carbon emissions from the reservoir in real-time, under uncertainty. The artificial intelligence approach also allows to investigate a circular carbon approach, where the produced greenhouse gases are re-injected into the well, while at the same time adjusting water injection levels. This allows to forecast and analyze the impact of a circular development plan.

We tested the AI framework on a synthetic reservoir encompassing a complex carbonate fracture system and well setup. The carbon emissions were forecasted in real-time based on the previous production rates and the defined injection levels. The forecasted carbon emissions were then integrated into an optimization technique, in order to adjust injection levels to minimize water cut and overall carbon emissions, while optimizing production rates.

Results were promising and highlighted the potential significant reductions in carbon emissions for the studied synthetic reservoir case. Moreover, the deployment of deep electromagnetic surveys was proved particularly beneficial as a deep formation evaluation monitoring method for tracking the injected waterfront inside the reservoir and optimizing the sweep efficiency, while minimizing the inefficient use of water injection. Accordingly, such integrated AI approach has a twofold benefit: maximizing the hydrocarbon productivity, while minimizing the water consumption and associated carbon emissions.

Such framework represents a paradigm shift in reservoir management and improved oil recovery operations under uncertainty. It proposes an innovative integrated methodology to reduce the carbon footprint and attain a real-time efficient circular development plan.
Impact of Hydraulic Fracture Fairway Development in Multi-Stage Horizontal Laterals - A Production Flow Simulation Study
Authors: Khan Abdul Muqtadir , Olson Jon
Published: September 2021

The vast shale gas and tight oil reservoirs cannot be economically developed without multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatments. Owing to the disparity in the density of natural fractures and the different in-situ stress conditions in these formations, micro-seismic fracture mapping has shown that hydraulic fracture treatments develop a range of large-scale fracture networks. The effect of these various fracture geometries on production is a subject matter in question.

The fracture networks approximated with micro-seismic mapping are integrated with a commercial numerical production simulator that discretely models different network structures. Two fracture geometries have been broadly proposed, i.e., orthogonal and transverse. The orthogonal pattern represents a network with cross-cutting fractures orthogonal to each other, whereas transverse profile maps uninterrupted fractures achieving maximum depth of penetration into the reservoir. The response for a single stage is further investigated by comparing the propagation of each stage to be dendritic versus planar. A dendritic propagation is a bifurcation of the induced hydraulic fracture due to the intersection with the natural fracture (failure along the plane of weakness).

For the same injected fracture treatment volume, the transverse network attains a higher penetration into the reservoir, achieves a higher stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), and produces around 40-65% more than the orthogonal network over a timespan of 10 years. The SRV will largely dictate the drainage area in a tight environment. The cumulative production rises until the pressure drawdown reaches the extent of the fracture fairway. For the orthogonal network, the unstimulated reservoir boundary is reached at a sooner time than the transverse network. It is found that by increasing the fracture spacing in both the networks from 100 ft to 150 ft, the relative production was enhanced in the orthogonal network by 41%, but when it was further increased to 200 ft- there was a minor drop (not increase) in the relative production (4.5%). For an infinite conductivity fracture, the width of the fracture has minimal effect on oil and gas production.

For the dendritic pattern, the size of the SRV created due to the interaction between the induced and natural fractures largely depends on the length of natural fractures and the point of interaction (center, off-center, or extremity). Effect of length, distance of natural fracture from wellbore, and the point of interaction is evaluated.

A novel approach for reservoir simulation is used, where porosity (instead of permeability) is used as a scaling parameter for the fracture width. The forward modeling effort, including the comparative fracture geometries setup, induced, and natural fracture interaction parametric study, is unique.