bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of iodine methionine on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C
Authors: Fang Q , Wang J , Hao YY , Li H , Hu JX , Yang GS , Hu JH
Published: July 2017

Contents

Microbial environment is one of the important factors that affect the quality of preserved semen. Iodine methionine (IM), participating in the production and activation of metabolic enzymes, is a new type of amino acid chelate. To date, there has been no report to evaluate the effects of IM on boar semen preservation at 17°C. This study was designed to investigate the effects of IM on boar sperm quality and reproductive performance during liquid storage at 17°C and its antibacterial effect. Semen samples collected from six Yorkshire boars were diluted with basic liquid containing different concentrations of IM (0, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 320 μM). Subsequently, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were determined. After 6 days of preservation, the difference in microbial composition between control group and 80 μM IM group was compared using 16S rDNA sequencing, and the effects of IM on reproductive performance were also compared and analysed between the two groups. The results demonstrated that 20, 40 and 80 μM IM improved boar sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity. 80 μM IM was the optimum concentration. Conversely, 160 and 320 μM IM resulted in deleterious consequences to boar sperm quality compared to the control group and other treatment groups (p < .05). After 6 days of preservation, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and acrosome integrity were 56.0%, 51.8% and 59.4%, respectively. There was no significant difference in non‐return rate between the two groups (p > .05). But the litter size of 80 μM IM group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). 80 μM IM inhibited proliferation of the phylum Proteobacteria and the genus Staphylococcus as well as Pseudomonas (p < .05). Further studies are required to understand the antibacterial mechanism of IM in liquid‐preserved boar semen.
Rapid colonization of a Hawaiian restoration forest by a diverse avian community
Authors: Paxton Eben H. , Yelenik Stephanie G. , Borneman Tracy E. , Rose Eli T. , Camp Richard J. , Kendall Steve J.
Published: July 2017

Deforestation of tropical forests has led to widespread loss and extirpation of forest bird species around the world, including the Hawaiian Islands which have experienced a dramatic loss of forests over the last 200–800 years. Given the important role birds play in forest ecosystem functions via seed dispersal and pollination, a bird community's response to forest restoration is an important measure of the success of such conservation actions. We evaluated the bird response to reforestation at an important bird sanctuary, Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawai′i Island, using 26 years of bird count data. We show that most species from within the diverse avian community increased significantly, but species colonized the restoration forest at different rates. Distance from intact forest and time since restoration were both important predictors of colonization rate, interacting such that for most species it took more time to colonize areas farther from the intact forest. In addition, both forest cover and understory diversity helped to explain bird densities, but the effect varied among species, suggesting that different habitat requirements may help drive variation in colonization rates. This article provides the first detailed evaluation of how a diverse community of birds has responded to one of the largest, ongoing reforestation projects in Hawai′i.
Possible TRALI is a real entity
Authors: Juffermans Nicole P. , Vlaar Alexander P.
Published: July 2017

After the consensus definition of transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), studies have shown that the incidence of TRALI is high in critically ill and injured patients. When another risk factor for lung injury is present in these patients, the term “possible TRALI” is used. In the past years, both animal and clinical studies have taught us that a predisposing inflammatory risk factor is frequently present in TRALI, if not mandatory. The decline in the incidence of TRALI after implementation of the use of male‐only plasma as observed in general hospital patients is also seen in the critically ill and injured, suggesting that antibodies play a role in possible TRALI. Thereby, introduction of the term “possible TRALI” has helped us in estimating incidence rates as well as to understand risk factors for TRALI in patient populations with a high exposure to transfusion.
Emerging Role of Clinical Preceptors (CPs) at a Private University, Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Dias Jacqueline Maria , Lalwani Erum , Khowaja Amina Aijaz , Mithani Yasmin Murad
Published: July 2017

Clinical preceptors (CPs) play an integral role to prepare skilled, competent and caring student nurses to perform their future roles as members of the health care team. The aim of this study was to explore processes and effectiveness of the new role of clinical preceptors (CPs) in a low income country. A case study using Tellis (1997) approach was used. Data was collected from different viewpoints including, nursing administration, nursing services, co-faculty and students. The findings of the study will contribute to an in-depth understanding about the emerging role of CPs and operationalization of this role within the undergraduate nursing programme in Pakistan. The study findings endorse that CPs support clinical education of the nursing students’ provided there is mentorship and a program for teaching and learning. Through this case study the authors demonstrated the complexities and challenges of introducing a new role. Additionally, factors like institutional support, resources and mentorship are vital elements to support the new emerging role of CPs. It is envisioned that this new role can be replicated in other health care disciplines locally and regionally.
Intra- and inter-observer variation and accuracy using different shear wave elastography methods to assess circumscribed objects – a phantom study.
Authors: Seliger Gregor , Chaoui Katharina , Kunze Christian , Dridi Yasmina , Jenderka Klaus-Vitold , Wienke Andreas , Tchirikov Michael
Published: July 2017

Aims: The elastic properties of circumscribed tissues (e.g., tendons, lymph nodes, prostates, brain tumors) are of considerable clinical interest. The purpose of this study was thus to compare the Intra-/Inter-observer variation and accuracy in vitro of point shear wave elastography (pSWE) with that of 2D-SWE and to assess 2D-SWE’s precision with variable ROI (vROI) incircumscribed objects.Material and methods: Round targets (Elasticity QA Phantom Model 049) were examined for varying degrees of stiffness (8, 14, 45, and 80 kPa) and diameters (20/10 mm). Three ultrasound systems and four probes were applied (pSWE: Acuson/S3000 9L4/4C1 and Epiq7 C51, 2D-SWE: Aplio/500 PVT375BT). Three different ROIs were used, namely fixed ROI (fROI) and variable ROI: rectangular-best-fitted ROI, and round-best-fitted ROI. Each measurement was performed twice by four observers.Results: A total of 3,604 measurements were conducted. The intra-observer variation of 2D-SWE measurements indicated better agreement (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) = 0.971; 95% CI=[0.945; 0.985]), than for the pSWE measurements (ICC = 0.872; 95% CI=[0.794; 0.92]). With both methods, the shear wave elastography applied showed low inter-observer variation: ICC = 0.980; 95% CI=[0.970; 0.987]. However, a significant difference was observed between fROI (pSWE) and vROI (2D-SWE) on circumscribed objects in terms of accuracy. The lowest degree of observationerror was detected in situations where the ROI was not “best fitted”, but placed within the target of 3mm from the border (target diameter: 20mm; mean relative error = 0.15).Conclusions: When estimating the elastic properties of circumscribed tissues, the different measurement techniques performed by commercial shear wave elastography systems reveal a strong susceptibility for observational errors, depending upon the fixed vs. variable ROI of the pSWE vs. 2D-SWE technique.
Imaging and histology in the diagnosis of multiple papillary fibroelastomas in a patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Case report
Authors: Ionescu Alin Alexandru , Radulescu Bogdan , Herlea Vlad , Miclea Ioan , Parepa Irinel , Bubenek Serban , Popescu Bogdan Alexandru , Ginghina Carmen , Jurcut Ruxandra
Published: July 2017

Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are one of the most frequent primary cardiac tumors and occur more often in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). PFEs have been linked to an increased risk of neurological events. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with HOCM in whom echocardiography (transthoracic and transesophageal, using 2D and 3D techniques) revealed multiple masses in various locations in the left cardiac chambers. Surgical excision of the cardiac tumors and aortic valve replacement was performed and the pathologic report confirmed the diagnosis of PFEs. Patient followup using ultrasonography is crucial since recurrence is a possibility. Current cardiac ultrasound techniques are essential for diagnosing and for guiding the management of these conditions.
Effect of various Fe-doped AlGaN buffer layer of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on Si substrate
Authors: Chiu Hsien-Chin , Chen Shang-Cyun , Chiu Jiun-Wei , Li Bo-Hong , Xuan Rong , Hu Chih-Wei , Hsueh Kuang-Po
Published: July 2017

AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different Fe-doped Al0.25Ga0.75N buffer layers were fabricated on silicon (Si) substrate to improve breakdown voltage and reduce leakage current. Fe doping concentrations for the AlGaN buffer layers were designed as 5 × 1017, 6 × 1017, 7 × 1017, and 8 × 1017 cm−3. The fabricated HEMT with the Fe-doped concentration of 8 × 1017 cm−3 achieved a lower gate leakage current of 8.22 × 10−6 mA/mm, higher breakdown voltage (VBR) of −193 V, and higher buffer breakdown voltage (VBR_buffer) of −1324 V than did other devices with different doping concentrations. In addition, a slight decline in drain current dispersion in pulsed measurements and a slight increase in noise were obtained for HEMTs with a more Fe-doped buffer layer, because the increased Fe-doped concentration resulted in the formation of more buffer traps. However, these results suggest that the HEMT with a highly resistant AlGaN buffer layer of doped Fe has great potential for high-power integrated circuit applications.
Comparing malleability of phonetic category between [i] and [u]
Authors: Kataoka Reiko , Koo Hahn
Published: July 2017

This study reports differential category retuning effect between [i] and [u]. Two groups of American listeners were exposed to ambiguous vowels ([i/u]) within words that index a phoneme /i/ (e.g., athl[i/u]t) (i-group) or /u/ (e.g., aftern[i/u]n) (u-group). Before and after the exposure these listeners categorized sounds from a [bip]-[bup] continuum. The i-group significantly increased /bip/ responses after exposure, but the u-group did not change their responses significantly. These results suggest that the way mental representation handles phonetic variation may influence malleability of each category, highlighting the complex relationship among distribution of sounds, their mental representation, and speech perception.
Beyond lexical meaning: The effect of emotional prosody on spoken word recognition
Authors: Kim Seung Kyung , Sumner Meghan
Published: July 2017

This study employs an auditory-visual associative priming paradigm to test whether non-emotional words uttered in emotional prosody (e.g., pineapple spoken in angry prosody or happy prosody) facilitate recognition of semantically emotional words (e.g., mad, upset or smile, joy). The results show an affective priming effect between emotional prosody and emotional words independent of lexical carriers of the prosody. Learned acoustic patterns in speech (e.g., emotional prosody) map directly to social concepts and representations, and this social information influences the spoken word recognition process.
Analytic solutions of the Rolie Poly model in time-dependent shear
Authors: Holroyd George A. J. , Martin Samuel J. , Graham Richard S.
Published: July 2017

We consider shear flows that comprise of step changes in the shear rate. For these flows, we derive analytic solutions of the Rolie-Poly constitutive equation. Our method involves piecing together solutions for constant rate shear in a variety of flow rate regimes. We obtain solutions for interrupted shear, recoverable strain and nonlinear relaxation following cessation of flow. Whenever strong flow is present we neglect reptation, as other mechanisms dominate and for interrupted shear our solution is approximate as we neglect convective constraint release (CCR). Our analytic solutions provide new insight in several ways. These include revealing the mechanism of some experimental features of these flows; suggesting a method to extract the polymer contribution to the normal stress in the velocity gradient direction (σyy) from shear stress measurements alone; and a method to isolate the influence of CCR from damping function measurements. We also run complementary Graham, Likhtman and Milner, McLeish (GLaMM) model calculations to verify that insight from our analytic approach translates to this more detailed model.
Rheology and calorimetry of microtextured colloidal polycrystals with embedded laponite nanoparticles
Authors: Boucenna Imane , Royon Laurent , Guedeau-Boudeville Marie-Alice , Mourchid Ahmed
Published: July 2017

We investigate the rheological properties of copolymer-nanoparticle aqueous solutions and their connection to the thermodynamic and structural behavior. The samples are formed of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer micellar solutions with embedded anisotropic colloidal laponite nanoparticles. The concentrated micellar solutions exhibit a temperature induced phase transition from fluid to crystal. Addition of laponite nanoparticles is found to promote the formation of polycrystallized micellar micrograins, above the transition temperature, instead of a cubic monocrystal. This polycrystallization is associated with the confinement of the nanoparticles, which play the role of impurities, in interstices between the micrograins. The analysis and comparison of the experimental data show that the presence of nanoparticles above the transition temperature has the effect to gradually reduce storage modulus and the enthalpy needed to gel the same amount of copolymer concentration as the nanoparticles are gradually added due to very efficient copolymer adsorption on the nanoparticles. It was also noticed that compartmentalization of nanoparticles influences the onset of transition seen in the evolution of viscoelastic moduli. Indeed the transition temperature point displays a nonmonotonous variation with the particle concentration which could point to inefficient nanoparticle segregation at higher concentrations.
Fractal planetary rings: Energy inequalities and random field model
Authors: Malyarenko Anatoliy , Ostoja-Starzewski Martin
Published: July 2017

This study is motivated by a recent observation, based on photographs from the Cassini mission, that Saturn’s rings have a fractal structure in radial direction. Accordingly, two questions are considered: (1) What Newtonian mechanics argument in support of such a fractal structure of planetary rings is possible? (2) What kinematics model of such fractal rings can be formulated? Both challenges are based on taking planetary rings’ spatial structure as being statistically stationary in time and statistically isotropic in space, but statistically nonstationary in space. An answer to the first challenge is given through an energy analysis of circular rings having a self-generated, noninteger-dimensional mass distribution [V. E. Tarasov, Int. J. Mod Phys. B 19, 4103 (2005)]. The second issue is approached by taking the random field of angular velocity vector of a rotating particle of the ring as a random section of a special vector bundle. Using the theory of group representations, we prove that such a field is completely determined by a sequence of continuous positive-definite matrix-valued functions defined on the Cartesian square [Formula: see text] of the radial cross-section [Formula: see text] of the rings, where [Formula: see text] is a fat fractal.
Electron beam irradiation of fluorinated graphene
Authors: Guo Lei , Cao Shengzhu , Wang Lanxi
Published: July 2017

Fluorinated graphene was irradiated by electron beam, and the changing of fluorinated graphene after electron beam irradiation was found by several detection techniques of Raman, electrical characterization and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Raman spectra and electric characterization confirmed that the crystal structure and electrical performance of graphene was recovered partially after electron beam irradiation. XPS results indicated that the concentration of fluorine quickly dropped from 35% to 15% just after 30 min irradiation, and then dropped, slowly to 10% with the irradiation time to 150 min. The results indicate that stimulate fluorine desorption from fluorinated graphene used electron beam completely is difficult, which means a big challenge for ESD to fabricate all graphene electronics.
Rogue waves and lump solutions for a (3+1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in fluid mechanics
Authors: Wu Xiao-Yu , Tian Bo , Chai Han-Peng , Sun Yan
Published: July 2017

Under investigation in this letter is a (3[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional generalized B-type Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation, which describes the weakly dispersive waves propagating in a fluid. Employing the Hirota method and symbolic computation, we obtain the lump, breather-wave and rogue-wave solutions under certain constraints. We graphically study the lump waves with the influence of the parameters [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] which are all the real constants: When [Formula: see text] increases, amplitude of the lump wave increases, and location of the peak moves; when [Formula: see text] increases, lump wave’s amplitude decreases, but location of the peak keeps unchanged; when [Formula: see text] changes, lump wave’s peak location moves, but amplitude keeps unchanged. Breather waves and rogue waves are displayed: Rogue waves emerge when the periods of the breather waves go to the infinity.
Solitons and breather waves for a (2+1)-dimensional Sawada–Kotera equation
Authors: Jia Shu-Liang , Gao Yi-Tian , Hu Wen-Qiang , Su Jing-Jing , Deng Gao-Fu
Published: July 2017

Under investigation in this letter is a (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Sawada-Kotera equation. With the aid of the bilinear forms derived from the Bell polynomials, the Nth-order soliton solutions are obtained via the Pffafian method, and breather solutions are derived with the ansätz method. Analytic solutions obtained via the Pffafian method are the bell-type solitons. Two different kinds of the homoclinic breathers are seen, one of which is real and the other of which is complex, with two breathers interacting with each other. Homoclinic breather wave can evolve periodically along a straight line with a certain angle with the x axis and y axis, and its velocity, amplitude and width remain unchanged during the propagation. Homoclinic breather wave is not only space-periodic but also time-periodic. Interaction between the two breathers is elastic, which is similar to that of the solitons.
Synthesis of Nonlinear Analog Functions
Authors: Bhanja Mousumi , Ray Baidyanath
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a systematic and hierarchical synthesis methodology is presented for nonlinear analog synthesis to meet the essential requirement for system automation. Behavior of nonlinear system, represented by polynomial expression, has been studied by decomposing it into linear and nonlinear sub-expression. Such sub-expressions are realized with basic building block like multiplier, adder, quadratic, etc., each of which can be represented as a network of the current mode device, operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). Polynomial series is used to represent various important functions in signal processing applications. Few nonlinear functions with their OTA representation are discussed as the applications of polynomial series. The response of all the circuits are studied through SPICE simulation validating the proposed methodology.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of PLA Biocomposites Reinforced by Coir Fibers
Authors: Sun Zhihui , Zhang Li , Liang Duoping , Xiao Wei , Lin Jing
Published: July 2017

In this work, polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites reinforced with short coir fibers were fabricated using a corotating twin-screw extruder and injection molding machine. Short coir fibers were treated by mixed solution including hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide to improve the adhesion between fibers and PLA matrix. The effects of treated coir fiber content (1, 3, 5, and 7 wt%) on tensile, impact, thermal properties, and surface morphology of PLA biocomposites were investigated. The best impact strength results were obtained for 3 wt% PLA/treated coir fiber biocomposites, where the impact strength was increased by approximately 28% compared to the neat PLA. The tensile modulus of PLA biocomposites was increased by increasing the treated coir fiber content. These results were confirmed by morphological structure analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results demonstrated a minor effect of the treated coir fiber on thermal behavior of PLA resin. Thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the thermal stability of the PLA/treated coir fiber biocomposites was reduced by the incorporation of treated coir fiber.
A Case with Severe Endometriosis, Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome, and Isolated Unilateral Pleural Effusion after IVF
Authors: Sopa Negjyp , Larsen Elisabeth Clare , Andersen Anders Nyboe
Published: July 2017

We present a very rare case of right-sided isolated pleural effusion in a patient with severe endometriosis who, in relation to in vitro fertilization (IVF), developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Earlier laparotomy showed grade IV endometriosis including endometriotic implants of the diaphragm. The patient had no known risk factors for OHSS and only a moderate number of oocytes aspirated. She received, however, repeated hCG injections for luteal support. The patient did not achieve pregnancy but was hospitalized due to pain in the right side of the chest and dyspnoea. A chest computed tomography (CT) showed a pleural effusion on the right side. Total of 1000 ml of pleural fluid was drained after a single thoracentesis. After three days, the symptoms and fluid production ceased. Ascites is a common finding in OHSS, but pleural effusions are rare. Further, isolated pleural effusions have not previously been described in a patient with endometriosis. We suggest that the repeated hCG injections induced effusions from the endometriotic lesions at the diaphragm and as a consequence this patient developed isolated hydrothorax.
The De medicina, a 4th/5th-Century Poem of Gallo-Roman Origin, Rediscovered
Authors: Cilliers Louise
Published: July 2017

In 1536 a short poem with the title De medicina was published in Basel by Janus Cornarius in the editio princeps of Marcellus Empiricus’ De medicamentis liber.1 Cornarius based his edition on the Codex Laudunensis 4202 (9th/10th century), a manuscript which in the centuries after the publication suffered damage, losing inter alia the preface which contained the only evidence about the author of the work.3 In the course of the following centuries the authorship of the poem was variously ascribed to Vindicianus, Marcellus and Serenus Sammonicus, which gave rise to a protracted polemic in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries. In this article the question of authorship will be discussed, followed by a translation and brief commentary on the poem.
Description of the pupa and redescription of the third instar of Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini)
Authors: IBARRA-POLESEL MARIO G. , VALLE NESTOR G. , NEITA-MORENO JHON C. , DAMBORSKY MIRYAM P.
Published: July 2017

Phileurus valgus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Phileurini) is a common species widely distributed from the southern United States to Argentina and the West Indies. In this work the immature stages are described and illustrated based on specimens from Argentina. A key to the known third-stage larvae of New World Phileurini species is provided and updated. Notes on the life cycle and natural history are also included.
Intrapopulational variation in color pattern of Trichomycterus davisi (Haseman, 1911) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) corroborated by morphometrics and molecular analysis
Authors: NASCIMENTO RAUL HENRIQUE CARDOSO , FRANTINE-SILVA WILSON , SOUZA-SHIBATTA LENICE , SOFIA SILVIA HELENA , FERRER JULIANO , SHIBATTA OSCAR AKIO
Published: July 2017

Color patterns of the body are commonly used to distinguish and identify species of Trichomycterus. Therefore, variation in color pattern in a population can cause doubt concerning species identification. With the purpose to test the hypothesis of high variation in color pattern of Trichomycterus davisi (Haseman, 1911), 118 specimens were collected in a stream of a private Ecological Park in southern Brazil, of which 88 were used in the morphological analysis and 30 for DNA barcoding analysis. Three phenotypic classes were determined analyzing the distribution, size and shape of dark brown spots and blotches. The results of morphometric analysis indicate a tendency of association of those pigmentation patterns with the standard length, evidencing ontogenetic variation of color pattern in the species. The results of K2P intraspecific genetic distance (<0.72%), haplotypes network and Bayesian phylogenetic tree corroborate the existence of only one species with a high variable color pattern.
In Qualified Defense of VOT
Authors: Lisker Leigh
Published: July 2017

The VOT measure has been said to provide the single most nearly adequate physical basis for separating homorganic stop categories across a variety of languages, granted that other features may also be involved. That transition duration affects perceived voicing of synthesized initial stops of one specific language, English, has suggested the hypothesis by Stevens and Klatt (1974) that a detector responsive to rapid formant-frequency shifts after voice onset better explains the child's acquisition of the contrast than does some mechanism which responds to VOT directly. If such a detector is part of our biological equipment, then it seems remarkably underutilized in language, for the hypothesis asserts that basic to voicing perception is whether laryngcal signal is or is not present during the interval in which the stop-vowel transition occurs. In effect, the “archetypical” voiceless stop is aspirated. Not only do many languages not possess voiceless aspirates, but even in English aspiration is severely restricted. Of course the VOT measure has its limitations - it is inapplicable to prepausal stops. However, there are much more serious difficulties with the posited detector, since even for the English initial stops there is evidence that the presence of a voiced first-formant transition is not required for the perception of /bdg/, nor does the absence of such a transition necessarily yield /ptk/, provided appropriate VOT values are provided.
Dangerous Memories, Daring Documents, and the Demands of Discipleship: The Christian Church, Racism, and Racial Justice
Authors: Maclean Iain S.
Published: July 2017

Last year, Ms. Sarah Baartman was buried. She was not well-known except to physical anthropologists researching human origins (Gould 1981). She was buried in the area from which she originally came, in the little mission hamlet called Hankey, in the Eastern Cape. At the burial, choirs sang, Scripture was read, and the President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki, stated, “The story of Sarah Baartman is the story of the African people. It is the story of the loss of our ancient freedom.… It is the story of our reduction to the state of objects who could be owned, used, and discarded by others” (Associated Press, Aug. 3, 2002).
Topical Review: Neurologic Complications of Immunization
Authors: Bale James F.
Published: July 2017

In the United States and many other developed countries, active immunization of children has virtually eliminated poliomyelitis, measles, rubella, tetanus, and other diseases, such as disease due to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Individual vaccines can produce systemic or neurologic reactions ranging from minor events, such as pain and erythema at the injection site, to major complications, such as seizures, shock, encephalopathy, or death. Immunization programs have also generated considerable controversy, as witnessed by recent concerns regarding the relationship between vaccines or their constituents and autism or multiple sclerosis. This review summarizes current information regarding vaccines, the diseases that they prevent, and the potential relationships between vaccines and neurologic disease. ( J Child Neurol 2004; 19:405-412).
Associations Among the MCMI-II Clinical Syndrome Scales and the MMPI-2 Clinical Scales
Authors: Blais Mark A. , Benedict Kenneth B. , Norman Dennis K.
Published: July 2017

The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory—II (MCMI-II), a frequently used self-report measure of psychopathology, contains nine scales designed to assess Axis I psychopathology (the clinical syndrome and severe syndrome scales). This study explored the relationships among these nine MCMI-II clinical syndrome scales and the clinical scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI-2). A sample of 108 psychiatric inpatients was administered both the MCMI-II and the MMPI-2 within 7 days of admission. Pearson correlation coefficients and principal component factors were obtained for the MCMI-II and MMPI-2 scales. The results provided support for the convergent validity of all the MCMI-II Axis I scales. However, the majority of the MCMI-II scales failed to demonstrate adequate discriminant validity in relation to the MMPI-2 scales. The principal component analysis revealed that method variance was the principal influence in determining factor loadings for the majority of test scales. This finding suggests that these two popular self-report tests differ substantially in how they measure psychopathology.
High-Level Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Receptors in an Aphthous Ulcer
Authors: Arbiser Jack L. , Johnson Darlene , Cohen Cynthia , Brown Lawrence F.
Published: July 2017

Background:

Aphthous ulcers are an extremely common disorder of unknown etiology. These ulcers cause significant morbidity through pain and interference with eating. Thalidomide, an angiogenesis inhibitor, is efficacious for the treatment of aphthous ulcers.

Methods:

In situ hybridization was performed on an idiopathic aphthous ulcer using probes specific for the angiogenesis factor vascular endothelial growth factor, and its receptors, in order to determine whether these ulcers are highly angiogenic.

Conclusions:

Aphthous ulcers are highly angiogenic. Thalidomide may act to heal aphthous ulcers by inhibiting angiogenesis and promoting reepithelialization. Excess angiogenesis may inhibit reepithelialization in certain types of ulcers, and angiogenesis inhibitors may actually promote wound healing if ulcers are caused by excess angiogenesis.
Unusual Presentation of Angiocentric T-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Perianal Abscess
Authors: Dashkovsky Igor , Cozacov Juan Carlos
Published: July 2017

Background:

Subcutaneous angiocentric T cell is a common form of cutaneous lymphoma localized within subcutis mimicking lobular panniculitis. It is rarely manifested as perianal skin lesion.

Objective:

To suggest that perianal T-cell lymphoma is a rare entity that should be included in the differential diagnosis of perianal infiltrate mimicking perianal abscess.

Methods and Results:

A 65-year-old woman presented with painful perianal infiltrate mimicking a perianal abscess. The pain lasted seven days and there was no evidence of fever. Bacterial examination of tissue of the infiltrate discovered Staphylococcus aureus. Angiocentric T-cell lymphoma was demonstrated on biopsy.

Conclusion:

Our case represented sequela of subcutaneous angiocentric T-cell malignant lymphoma with a complication of a secondary infection mimicking perianal abscess. In patients presenting with a perianal infiltrate without abscess, a malignant condition should be considered a differential diagnosis and a biopsy should be performed.
Transdermal and Skin-Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Merino Virginia , Alberti Ingo , Kalia Yogeshvar N. , Guy Richard H.
Published: July 2017

Background:

The application of therapeutic agents to the skin addresses three general objectives: (a) the treatment of a variety of dermatologic diseases; (b) the “targeted” delivery of drugs to deeper subcutaneous tissues, with a concomitant reduction in systemic exposure; and (c) socalled transdermal administration to elicit a systemic pharmacologic effect.

Objective:

Recently, significant progress towards all three goals has been recorded and the level of research and development activity remains high. We aim to discuss these advances from mechanistic and clinical standpoints.

Results:

For the topical treatment of skin disease, novel vehicles (e.g., stabilized, supersaturated systems and liposomal formulations) have led to dramatic improvements in local drug bioavailability. Transdermal delivery of drugs for systemic effect, though limited in terms of the number of compounds, is perhaps the most commercially successful (in terms of the number of products) of the controlled release technologies. Considerable activity continues to enhance drug delivery (and hence to extend the range of drugs for which transdermal delivery can be used). Existing patches use formulations that contain solvents and adjuvants capable of reducing the barrier function of the skin. Much effort is directed at iontophoresis (electrically enhanced transport), particularly for small peptides that are difficult to administer by other routes. “Reverse iontophoresis” may allow the extraction of glucose (without skin puncture) so that continuous, noninvasive monitoring of blood sugar in diabetics approaches realization.

Conclusion:

In the not too distant future, the skin may also play a role not only in drug delivery, but also with respect to measurements in clinical chemistry.
Characteristics of body building standard style dancers on the example of pair of world champions
Authors: Pilewska Wiesława , Sech Patrycja , Pilewski Robert
Published: July 2017

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to determine the specificity of somatic build ballroom dancers sporting standard style.MaterialsThe research material was sporting ballroom dancing couple having the highest international dance class "S". World Champions of 2013, the standard style. The length of the internship dance couples was 19 years. Subjects were trained from 6 to 7 days a week, after 3-4 hours a day. They were both 28 years.Methods Physical development assessment was based on anthropometric measurements of body weight and height, the length of the neck, upper and lower limbs, torso, thigh and lower leg, foot length, width, shoulders, pelvis, feet, chest, deep chest, circuits, waist, hips, thighs and ankles. Typological classification was also used to assess the specificity of physique subjects.ConclusionsA pair of dance sport sporty style with a high level of standard sports (with the 2013 World Champions.) characterized by a specific construction of somatic manifested a certain size characteristics and indicators of body (shown in this work).Presented by their size parameters of somatic and morphological indicators should be considered as a result of the impact of dance training and the requirements of the standard style of discipline and separately for dancers and dance together for a couple as the specifics of their selection.
Students’ attitude towards taking up physical activities apart from university classes
Authors: Duda Mariola , Rżany Michał , Dudło Aleksandra , Suszyński Krzysztof , Górka Dariusz , Dogońska Aleksandra
Published: July 2017

The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: What are the reasons that determine the physical activity of students outside of their university? What determines the duration of exercises and during what year the students exercise the most ? 301 students were tested using an original questionnaire. The analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and performed  analysis ANOVA. Analysis showed a significant relationship between sex and physical activity. Men are more likely to exercise. However, there is no relationship between the frequency of physical activity and gender.
Signs binding at indoor pools as a system supporting the safety and hygiene of water recreational and sport activity
Authors: Łubkowska Wioletta , Szark-Eckardt Mirosława , Żukowska Hanna
Published: July 2017

The aim of the research was to determine the level and nature of risks occurring in the sign zone of indoor pools relating to required safety rules. The research was conducted at 29 facilities located in ten provinces. The method of qualitative field research was applied. It was found that at more than half of the examined indoor pools (51.7%) the A-8 prohibitory sign “jumping into water is prohibited” had the graphic form that was inconsistent with the binding provisions. The information signs: C-2 – “dangerous depth of water” and C-3 – “sudden drop” occurred only at 27.6% of examined facilities. Within the scope of non-legal signs – communicators it was found that there is no uniform manner of providing information. The symbols used is very diverse which causes chaos in the form of various markings. In order to improve the safety of persons using the indoor pools, activities aiming at developing and introducing uniform models of markings should be undertaken, which constitutes a necessary condition of full participation in modern physical culture.
Contradictions in consumer reaction to the polygraph and personality profile
Authors: Escobar Torres Marria Orquidea
Published: July 2017

In marketing, the information based on verbal reports consumer may have low reliability due to different unconscious motives of the people who lead them to react contradictory to the views they express. These reactions often cannot be observed directly. The research in question, sought to know the psychophysiological responses to a TV commercial, measured by the polygraph. Involved 20 people, men and women professionals and university students, aged between 18 and 48 years in Bogotá. The results showed a contradiction between verbal report on the impact of commercial TV and reactions to the polygraph, also found the personality profile of those who had contradiction.
Selected aspects of environmental management on the example of British football clubs
Authors: Ceglińska Marta
Published: July 2017

Environmental management is a response to the state environmental policy, assuming an effective and efficient solution of environmental problems at the local, regional and national level (Karaszewski 2009). This is such a process management in an organization to minimize the negative impact on the environment. In this article, will be presented the issue of environmental management from the point of view of British football clubs. Many of them a few years ago boasted about certificates in the field of integration of the environment in their activities.
Diversification of paths in sport games as a determinant of differentiating competences of trainers and team managers - the paradigm vs. reality
Authors: Panfil Ryszard
Published: July 2017

Contemporary sport games are characterised by an increasing diversification of paths and phases one may select when determining one's objective of engaging in a game. As these objectives - and, consequently, conditions of achieving them - change, trainers and other support personnel need to adapt their competences to one specific path and its accompanying objectives. In the light of the above, the purpose of this publication is to:justify the need for diversified identification of the above-mentioned paths and phases,subsequently, define a network-processual model that enables flexible identification of these paths and phases,explore the inadequacy of coaching and managing competences currently favoured in trainers and managers in Poland; finally, present a model of qualitatively diversified sets of competences, including: player's fitness coach, talented player's tutor, team coach and team manager.
Personal trainers professional qualifications - demands of the labour market
Authors: Leśniewska Aleksandra , Stosik Aneta
Published: July 2017

Fitness has been a growth industry over the past years and seems not to be saturated on the polish ground. Fitness clubs offer a wide range of services to their clients from group classes to individual trainings such as personal training. However, personal trainers in Poland have conducive and effortless way to access to their profession, they still struggle with the lack of professional standards and incoherent education; system. The main purpose of this article was to define what are the demands of the labour market in terms of required qualifications and competences for personal trainers who are taking part in recruitment process.
The social competence of swimming instructor
Authors: Wiśniewska Anna
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Sport in our times is becoming part of the lifestyle in the growing number of people in different social groups and this activity is participated in every age. It is important that the instructor had the competence or personality dispositions that determine the effectiveness of the task in hand . Aim of the study. The aim of this article is identify the role of social skills in work as swimming instructor .Methods and materials.   The studies is based on qualitative research inquiries. In the article analyzed views and studies relating to issues within the scope of this article.Results. Social competences are a group of skills necessary to establish a relationship of partnership in the sport.Conclusions. The lack of social competence, if not impossible, then at least significantly hinders the achievement of the activities of learning to swim.
A paradigm for identifying macro-events in sports - a critical analysis
Authors: Panfil Ryszard
Published: July 2017

In the times before the democratic transition, the dominant paradigm describing Polish sport as a unified, formalised system. It seems, however, that such a vision is entirely inadequate for explaining present realities, whereby sport comprises various qualitatively diverse macro-scale events. The purpose of this publication is to:present a critical appraisal of the paradigm of sport as a unified system and explain its inadequacy in the face of current realitiespropose a pragmatic paradigm of sport that would provide for the possibility of distinguishing between various qualitatively diverse macro-events, including athletic challenges and competitive fitness as innovative events, as well as competitive sport and commercial sport as traditional events.Accounting for axiological differences between various macro-events identified in the social context makes it possible to rationally evaluate the qualities in different types of sport activity by employing relevant criteria.
Role of an manager in a dual career of athletes
Authors: Gulak-Lipka Patrycja
Published: July 2017

Many athletes begin their career at a very young age, joining then with varying degrees of success the role of an athlete and a student. In the initial stage of their sporting career it is hard to predict whether it will develop to the level of a career which will ensure a player with funds for a long period of time. Therefore, in parallel with their career, athletes should develop other competencies that will allow them at the end of a career switch smoothly to life after the end of the adventure with sport. During a career athletes can count on various types of support that help them achieve sporting goals, or those outside of the sport. Support usually comes from coaches, parents, sponsors, or even sports managers. Young athletes (especially those playing team sports) more often sign contract with an intermediary or sports manager, who for many years is responsible for leading their careers.In this article the author focuses on the role of a manager in a non-athletic development (education and professional development) of a player that he represents. The silhouette of sports managers will be presented as well as competences, their responsibilities and the expectations which they face during their work. Based on the interviews with the players and sports managers, it will be possible to demonstrate if  the expectations of both parties are satisfied and, in particular, to what extent the expectations of athletes to managers in the area of support of their non-sport development are met. It has been shown that care and range of actions of a sports manager varies depending on the stage of player's career. They perform a number of activities not directly related to sport, which provide tranquility and peace of mind that allow for even greater focus on the development of their sports careers. Managers want to increase the importance of their work in the life of an athlete.
Techno - doping legal and ethical aspects
Authors: Kopczyk Renata
Published: July 2017

Continuous fight for sport’s quality has been taking place throughout the last several decades, which is a result of morally weakened construction of sport. One of the most significant battles is taking place on legal field (but not only) and pertains to doping, which, in a way, has its roots in the aspiration for perfection, - "Citius Altius Fortius". However, this aspiration breaches legal regulations. Doping creates situations when sport no longer educates but corrupts. Fair play is vanishing, it is no longer the most valuable and prominent moral rule. Of course there is no doubt that doping is one of the highest threats  to sports competition based on fair play basis. And techno-doping is one of the most controversial issues in sport. Legal aspect of techno-doping prevention in sport became one of the most significant and difficult issues of sports law.
Presentation of the athlete's personal brand and delivering value to the sponsor
Authors: Idzikowski Wojciech
Published: July 2017

The article is one of the author’s first research steps on his way to identify the concept of personal brand communication of a sportsperson with the use of ICT tools. The cognitive stage of the article presents the overview of selected theoretical achievement, which may serve as the basis for further research considerations within this area. In the second part – designing – the author attempts to present the reference methodology thanks to which a sportsperson will be capable of presenting in a more economically effective way their personal brand and providing a higher level of value while cooperating with a sponsor.