bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A LEGITIMIDADE DO ESTADO DIANTE DAS MUDANÇAS ECONÔMICAS E POLÍTICAS ESTRUTURAIS CONTEMPORÂNEAS
Authors: Arruda Gerardo Clésio Maia
Published: September 2019

Este artigo objetiva apreender, alicerçado na estrutura conceitual de Max Weber, as determinações da crise de representatividade política que, hoje, atingem os Estados-nacionais dos mais variados estágios de desenvolvimento e espectros políticos, bem como intenciona especular acerca dos limites que a realidade atual impõe ao pensamento weberiano.  Com base na categoria de dominação racional-legal, busca-se, numa abordagem metodológica histórico-estrutural, explicitar os elementos fundantes da legitimidade do poder político no transcurso da modernidade e as transformações emergidas na sua lógica de funcionamento. Discute-se a burocracia como ideal tipo de organização presente em todas as dimensões de sociabilidade; também, salientam-se as transformações econômicas e políticas que ocorrem no interior e no exterior dos Estados-nações que colocam em xeque a burocracia consagrada no ápice da modernidade. Conclui-se que a teoria da dominação racional-legal ainda contém fundamentos capazes de conduzir ao entendimento dos fatores de legitimação do poder político, mas se faz mister a adequabilidade de seus marcos conceituais visando à reflexão analítica da instituição do poder e de sua legitimidade na contemporaneidade.
VULNERABILIDAD Y SALUD MENTAL EN EL DERECHO ARGENTINO
Authors: Zalazar Claudia E. , Puccio Sofia
Published: September 2019

A los fines de abordar este tema partimos de dos premisas: primero, que el derecho a la salud es un derecho humano; y segundo que el paciente de salud mental necesita mayor protección por ser una persona vulnerable. Los derechos a la salud y a su preservación tienen anclaje constitucional ya que están reconocidos de modo implícito en el art. 33, y de manera explícita en el 75 inc. 22, que recepta los tratados de derechos humanos con jerarquía constitucional. Todo esto nos lleva sin lugar a dudas a una tesis de mínima: el paciente merece una amplia protección ya que como paciente es una persona vulnerable. A ello debemos sumar que como paciente con padecimiento mental también debe considerárselo como una parte débil, lo que lo vuelve doblemente vulnerable o personas hipervulnerables o de alta vulnerabilidad, el que sin ninguna duda debe ser protegido por el Estado.
Using Karaoke to Enhance Recognition of Chinese Words: A Cross-Languages Adoption
Authors: Sasi Abolfazl Shirban , Hsu Shu-Ting
Published: September 2019

This study investigated the effects of Chinese karaoke on recognition and retention of the Chinese characters/words by the Iranian male junior high school learners (N=61, p<.05). In a posttest control group design, students in three English language institutes in Tehran were randomly divided into three groups of Text-only which received the Chinese words via merely a text; Song group which were taught the words via an audio song as well as the text; and finally, Karaoke group which received the words by karaoke, plus the text. The lessons were instructed in two consecutive 20-minute long periods at the end of their routine English classes. The subjects then were tested for their recognition of the 24 Chinese words in question. A One-way ANOVA was run to analyse the scores of the participants. The results revealed that students under Karaoke obtained significantly higher scores as compared to both Text-only and Sound groups. The results, however, did not show any significant difference between the scores of the Text-only and Sound groups. Furthermore, based on the experiment design of this study, this paper advocates consideration of the Arabic writing system as a substitute for the Romanized Pinyin when teaching Chinese to language learners who are familiar with Arabic.
The Ambiguities of Censorship in Post–Tridentine Italy: The Case of Physiognomy
Authors: Tarrant Neil
Published: September 2019

In this article I discuss the ecclesiastical censorship of physiognomy in post–Tridentine Italy. Existing studies of the criteria used by the Roman Inquisition to examine operative arts have rightly emphasized continuities with the opinions of earlier authorities, and especially those of Thomas Aquinas. Historians have, nevertheless, tended to suggest that Aquinas's ideas were transmitted to the Inquisition and Congregation of the Index virtually unchanged by texts such as Nicholas Eymerich's Directorium inquisitorum. In this paper I highlight divergences in the opinions of authorities such as Augustine, Aquinas, Eymerich, and Nicholas Peña, a sixteenth-century consultor to the Congregation of the Index and editor of Eymerich's text. I suggest that during the sixteenth century the Church's centralized organs of censorship drew on each of these approaches, but failed satisfactorily to resolve the precise status of physiognomy. In turn this created considerable ambiguities in the practice of censorship at a local level.
“A Medium Made of Such Uncommon Stuff”: The Female Occult Investigator in Victorian Women's Fin-de-Siècle Fiction
Authors: Ohri Indu
Published: September 2019

This article examines how women writers critique the problems with Victorian gender roles through their representation of the inequality between male psychical researchers and female occult investigators in their fin-de-siècle ghost stories. In contrast to male psychical researchers, who adopt a rational outlook and demand proof of the supernatural's existence, female occult investigators practice different forms of occultism to achieve self-empowerment and to show compassion for others, especially ghosts. Moreover, female occult investigators embody the tension between the conflicting images of the conservative Victorian Angel and independent New Woman. Building on the work of Schaper (2001), I consider the portrayal of these male and female character types in Lanoe Falconer's “Cecilia de Noël,” Lettice Galbraith's “In the Séance Room,” and Nora Tynan O'Mahony's “Hester's Ghost.” Ultimately, I find that these women writers unite the distinct fields of science, religion, and occultism by combining the male and female characters to form the New Woman doctor.
Transitivity Analysis of Newspapers’ News-Headlines Depicting Crime Committed Against Women in Pakistan
Authors: Abbas Muhammad Amir , Talaat Mubina
Published: September 2019

The article in hand studies word choices used in the headlines of Pakistani English newspapers’ news depicting crime against women. To spotlight the masked ideology implied in them the researcher has selected three newspapers—The Nation, Dawn & The News. He applies Halliday’s transitivity as research tool. The analysis focuses on investigating how men and women are represented in the headlines, and what different roles are assigned to them by the newspapers. It also highlights the ideology underpinned in the discursive lexical choices and rhetorical devices used in them. It shows how covertly the newspapers arouse the emotions of their readers to attract their attention and influence their opinion making process.
Image decomposition using a second-order variational model and wavelet shrinkage
Authors: Tran Minh-Phuong
Published: September 2019

The paper is devoted to the new model for image decomposition, that splits an image $f$ into three components $u+v+\omega$, with $u$ a piecewise-smooth or the ``cartoon'' component, $v$ a texture component and $\omega$ the noise part in variational approach. This decomposition model is in fact incorporates the advantages of two preceding models: the second-order total variation minimization of Rudin-Osher-Fatemi (ROF2), and wavelet shrinkage for oscillatory functions. This decomposition model is presented as an extension of the three components decomposition algorithm of Aujol et al. in \cite{JAC}. It also continues the idea introduced previously by authors in \cite{TPB}, for two components decomposition model. The ROF2 model was first proposed by Bergounioux et al. in \cite{BP}, it is an improved regularization method to overcome the undesirable staircasing effect. The wavelet shrinkage is well combined to separate the oscillating part due to texture from that due to noise. Experimental results validate the proposed algorithm and demonstrate that the image decomposition model presents effective and comparable performance to other state-of-the-art models.
Gestão inovadora e dinâmica de projetos: uma abordagem sobre gamificação
Authors: Ribeiro Waldelino Duarte , Montenegro Luana Fernandes dos Santos , Neto Manoel Veras de Sousa
Published: September 2019

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar o uso da gamificação para o engajamento motivacional das equipes e partes interessadas fundamentais na gestão de projetos. A pesquisa também tem o propósito de ampliar o conhecimento para um possível uso da ferramenta de forma adequada a atender as necessidades gerenciais do projeto. Fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica, descritiva e qualitativa, onde foram analisados os conceitos envolvidos no processo de uso da gamificação no contexto de gerenciamento de projetos. Foi considerado o uso das dimensões intrínsecas e extrínsecas, defendidas na teoria da autodeterminação. Além do uso de um questionário, on-line, em busca de melhores resultados, aderentes a estratégia para o alcance das metas e propósitos nos projetos organizacionais. Os resultados encontrados foram que o uso de uma tecnologia inovadora e dinâmica como a gamificação, contribui para o sucesso do projeto. Através de atividades com o intuito de alcançar metas e objetivos definidos e alinhados com a estratégia, é possível acompanhar os indicadores, em tempo real, na fase de execução e monitoramento do projeto. A pesquisa, também mostra, que o uso da gamificação pode acarretar em uma melhoria da comunicação e a interação entre os participantes, além de permitir uso da motivação extrínseca e intrínseca, através de estratégias de bonificações. Isto faz com que as pessoas consigam seus próprios objetivos e, por consequência, os das organizações. Tais atitudes elevam os indicadores de sucesso dos projetos com o propósito de eliminar desperdícios e criar valor para o negócio, superando limitações pessoais e culturais dos seus colaboradores.
Stropy zespolone z desek strunobetonowych
Authors: Skupień Piotr
Published: September 2019

Producenci prefabrykatów betonowych
oferują wiele rozwiązań częściowo
lub w pełni prefabrykowanych stropów, z których
każde lepiej spełnia swoje funkcje w jednych
warunkach użytkowania obiektu, a gorzej
pracuje w innych zastosowaniach. Zalety,
jakie niesie ze sobą prefabrykacja, są coraz
częściej dostrzegane przez wszystkich
uszestników procesu budowlanego, w tym
również przez producentów chcących zaspokoić
nacisk ze strony rynku budowlanego na
opracowanie nowszych, lepszych i bardziej
hybrydowych rozwiązań, tak aby możliwa była
konkurencja z technologią tradycyjną wznoszenia
obiektów, czyli betonem monolitycznym.
Na Politechnice Krakowskiej zaproponowano
wykonanie stropu ze strunobetonowych
elementów nieznacznej grubości do zastosowania
jako szalunku traconego dla zbrojonego
nadbetonu [9, 10] wykonanego z betonu
lekkiego. Powstały strop zespolony byłby
stosunkowo tani w transporcie i montażu,
co czyni go konkurencyjnym dla popularnych
w budownictwie mieszkaniowym stropów gęstożebrowych,
jednocześnie posiadając zalety
stropów pełnych – dobre właściwości mechaniczne
i akustyczne. W pracy przedstawiono
zmodyfikowaną koncepcję takiego stropu,
wykorzystującą jako nadbeton lekki beton
kruszywowy, wraz z wybranymi wynikami
analizy obliczeniowej.
Government Information in Canadian Academic Libraries, 2017–2018: Survey of Academic Librarians
Authors: Cross Emma , Lafortune Sylvie
Published: September 2019

This article examines how Canadian academic libraries are adapting to major transformations in the publication and delivery of government information. To study this question, a small-scale national survey was conducted in 2017–2018 that covered both technical and public services at Canadian academic libraries. Participants were also asked to comment on the role of academic libraries in regard to government information and future trends in the field.
Investigation into the Tip-Gap Flow and Its Influence on Ducted Propeller Tip-Gap Noise Using Acoustic Analogies
Authors: Higgens Adam D. , Lidtke Artur K. , Joseph Philip F. , Turnock Stephen R.
Published: September 2019

Ducted propellers are commonly used on naval vessels such as submarines and increasingly more in omnipresent autonomous underwater vehicles. Understanding the noise signature of these vessels is of critical importance from both detection and concealment perspective, but the detailed physics of how the tip of the propeller blade interacts with the boundary layer on the duct is not sufficiently well understood. The present study introduces a series of simulations in which tip vortices formed over finite-span lifting surfaces are investigated with the aim of better understanding interactions of tip-gap flow and its interaction with incident boundary layers on radiated noise. Particular attention is devoted to characterizing the nature of the incipient complex flow features and their effect on the force coefficients, surface pressure fluctuations. These reveal that variations of force coefficients with tip-gap height may be used as an early indicator of tip vortex being suppressed as the gap is reduced. Use of the λ2 criterion identifies the formation of strong coherent vortical structures in the tip-gap region. It is suggested that the interaction of these structures with the tip edges is likely to be an important source of noise, with a similar generation mechanism to trailing edge noise. Preliminary analysis of the acoustic signatures computed using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings acoustic analogy indicates high levels of directivity, with most of the noise being generated by the foil rather than the duct. The presence of substantial amounts of vorticity in the flow also suggests that accounting for the nonlinear quadrupole noise sources within the fluid might be necessary to fully describe the noise pattern developed.
Dynamiques dans la gouvernance locale en Inde : le cas des tanks dans la région de Pondichéry
Authors: Richard-Ferroudji Audrey
Published: September 2019

Ce texte analyse la mise en oeuvre de principes de « bonne gouvernance » en Inde en questionnant la gestion participative de retenues d’eau (tanks) dans la région de Pondichéry. En effet, la gestion de l’eau constitue un prisme intéressant pour comprendre la transformation des systèmes locaux de gouvernance et, en particulier, les repositionnements et résistances des élites traditionnelles. L’analyse s’appuie sur un suivi de terrain de quatre ans, basé à Pondichéry (2013-2017). L’opportunité d’un nouveau programme promouvant la mise en place d’une gestion participative des retenues, d’une part, et l’organisation d’un festival de l’eau, d’autre part, ont permis d’étudier les positionnements des personnes et institutions impliquées ainsi que les accords, les désaccords et les modes de coordination à propos de l’entretien et de la réhabilitation des tanks. Nous constatons une résistance des élites traditionnelles, qui participent à un système clientéliste impliquant des élus en collusion avec des agents de l’administration et des entrepreneurs. Cependant, des médiations alternatives se développent. Elles impliquent des associations et des membres de l’administration au sein d’une coalition élargie qui fait valoir d’autres points de vue sur la gestion des tanks. La « gouvernance horizontale » qu’ils promeuvent échoue toutefois à enrôler plus largement.
TEADs, Yap, Taz, Vgll4s transcription factors control the establishment of Left-Right asymmetry in zebrafish
Authors: Fillatre Jonathan , Fauny Jean-Daniel , Fels Jasmine Alexandra , Li Cheng , Goll Mary , Thisse Christine , Thisse Bernard
Published: September 2019

In many vertebrates, establishment of Left-Right (LR) asymmetry results from the activity of a ciliated organ functioning as the LR Organizer (LRO). While regulation of the formation of this structure by major signaling pathways has been described, the transcriptional control of LRO formation is poorly understood. Using the zebrafish model, we show that the transcription factors and cofactors mediating or regulating the transcriptional outcome of the Hippo signaling pathway play a pivotal role in controlling the expression of genes essential to the formation of the LRO including ligands and receptors of signaling pathways involved in this process and most genes required for motile ciliogenesis. Moreover, the transcription cofactor, Vgll4l regulates epigenetic programming in LRO progenitors by controlling the expression of writers and readers of DNA methylation marks. Altogether, our study uncovers a novel and essential role for the transcriptional effectors and regulators of the Hippo pathway in establishing LR asymmetry.
When is a target not a target?
Authors: Bersten David C , Peet Daniel J
Published: September 2019

Cells rely on prolyl hydroxylase enzymes to sense low levels of oxygen, but they might act on fewer targets than previously thought.
Variations in ecosystem service value in response to land use/land cover changes in Central Asia from 1995–2035
Authors: Li Jiangyue , Chen Hongxing , Zhang Chi , Pan Tao
Published: September 2019

Acute farmland expansion and rapid urbanization in Central Asia have accelerated land use/land cover changes, which have substantial effects on ecosystem services. However, the spatiotemporal variations in ecosystem service values (ESVs) in Central Asia are not well understood. Here, based on land use products with 300-m resolution for the years 1995, 2005 and 2015 and transfer methodology, we predicted land use and land cover (LULC) for 2025 and 2035 using CA-Markov, assessed changes in ESVs in response to LULC dynamics, and explored the elasticity of the response of ESV to LULC changes. We found significant expansions of cropland (+22.10%) and urban areas (+322.40%) and shrinking of water bodies (−38.43%) and bare land (−9.42%) during 1995–2035. The combined value of ecosystem services of water bodies, cropland, and grassland accounted for over 90% of the total ESVs. Our study showed that cropland ecosystem services value increased by 93.45 billion US$ from 1995 to 2035, which was mainly caused by the expansion of cropland area. However, the area of water bodies decreased sharply during 1995–2035, causing a loss of 64.38 billion US$. Biodiversity, food production and water regulation were major ecosystem service functions, accounting for 80.52% of the total ESVs. Our results demonstrated that effective land-use policies should be made to control farmland expansion and protect water bodies, grassland and forestland for more sustainable ecosystem services.
Effect of Garlic Supplementation in the Diets of Cockerel Chicks on Performance and Economy of Production
Authors: Solomon Kehinde, Abiodun , Oluwasola Babatunde, Taiye , Johnson Kehinde, Olujide
Published: September 2019

A feeding trail was conducted to determine the effect of garlic supplementation (0,1.5,3.0 and 4.5%) in the diet of 240 day old cockerel chicks on growth performance, economy of production, nutrients digestibility, hematological and serum indices,  four  treatments with 3 replicates each of 20 birds each were adopted in a complete randomized design. The four diets used were almost isocaloric and isonitrogenous,while data collected were subjected to ANOVA. The diets had comparable levels of nutrients, initial body weight (90.0 g), daily weight gain per bird (6.02 ± 0.39 g), and fuel conversion ratio (5.43 ± 0.5 g), while the daily fuel intake per board was significantly (P<0.05) varied and least at 4.5% inclusion level, with corresponding highest (#25,489) profitability and best (P<0.05) digestibility of crude protein, NFE and ether extract. Highest (P<0.05) PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and lymphocyte was obtained at 4.5% level of inclusion, with corresponding high level of plateles and significantly (P<0.05) depressed urea (3.13 g/dl). The use of garlic in cockerel chicks’ nutrition up to 4.5% is beneficial, for the enhancement of growth, digestibility wellbeing and profitability.
Effect of Moringa oleifera as Water Coagulant on the Physico-chemical Properties of Gulbi-water
Authors: Donaldben N. S. , Chukwuma E. I. , Chinwende A. L.
Published: September 2019

Availability of clean water is a serious problem, especially in developing countries like Nigeria; Water for consumption purpose needs to be treated to meet the quality guidelines of 5 Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) according to World Health Organization, Wastewater treatment are mostly using Polyaluminum Chloride, a synthetic coagulant, which possess health risk and require expensive cost. This research was carried out to observe the effect of Moringa oleifera seed as natural coagulant to replace synthetic coagulant. Highly turbid water was collected from Gulbi River in Kaura-namoda, Zamfara State. Nigeria. M. oleifera seed was processed into flour and de-fated with different organic solvent. (AOY = Normal borehole water, BOY = Raw water sample from the river, COY = Water treated with (de-fated M. oleifera flour with Chloroform.), DOY = Water sample with (de-fated M. Oleifera flour with acetone), EOY = Water sample with (de-fated M. Oleifera flour with diethyl ether.), FOY = Water sample with Alum, GOY = Water sample with unde-fated M. oleifera flour) and used as a coagulant in place of aluminium sulphate (Alum). Collected water samples were treated with different Moringa oleifera flour coagulants samples The water treated with different coagulants samples were analyzed based on physic-chemical properties. The pH values ranged from 5.6 to 6.7. The turbidity, conductivity, total solid, temperature and coliform ranged from 4.19 to 76.5 NTU, 94.0 to 188.4 μS/cm, 45.5 to 89.3 mg/l, 30.4 to 33.8ºC and 9 × 402cfu, respectively. The work has been considered as revolutionary for small household applications in rural areas, where water purification is absent and M. oleifera trees are abundantly available.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Cow Mastitis among Small Scale Farmers and Dairy Farms in Western Tigray, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Berhe Leul , Belay Zinabu Nigus , Gebrekidan Gebresilase
Published: September 2019

A cross sectional study was carried out from November 2017 to June 2018 to assess awareness status and management practice common among dairy cows owners and to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors in four districts and nine kebelles of Western Zone of Tigray Regional State, North West Ethiopia. In this study, out of the 355 dairy cows and 1314 functional quarters examined, 99(27.89%) cows and 142(10.81%) quarters were found positive for sub-clinical mastitis on California Mastitis Test (CMT). In addition, from the 355 dairy cows and 1420 quarters examined, 88(24.79%) and 108(7.61%) cows and teats respectively, were found to be blind. From the total risk factors considered, statistically significant association (P<0.05) was found in different breed, udder type and parity. Semi structured questionnaires surveys were distributed to 87(95.60%) males and 4(4.40%) females. According to the survey result, 76(83.52%) of the dairy cow owners housed their cows in open area with muddy or soily floor type. From the total 91 interviewed 32(35.16%) regularly dispose dung and cleaning of house. During the survey, udder management before and after milking was assessed. According to the response of 89(97.80%) milkers washed their hands prior to milking and 2(2.20%) did not. From the total 91interviewed individuals, 13(14.29%) milkers disinfect their hands before proceeding to milk the next cow while 78(85.71%) did not. During the survey, sequence of milking cows was assessed. Based on the response of respondents, 85(93.41%) of the milker did not follow sequence of milking and the rest 6(6.59%) milkers emphasized the need to follow the order of milking. The result of the present study indicated a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and with higher incidence of one or more nonfunctional teat which impose higher economic loss to the dairy owners. Lack of strategic control measures and improper attention to the health of the mammary glands contribute the higher infestation rate. Better management practices in milking and adequate housing with proper sanitation should be provided.
Metabolism, Toxicity, Detoxification, Occurrence, Intake and Legislations of Fumonisins - A Review
Authors: Farhadi Ahmad , Nowrozi Hossein , Kachuei Reza
Published: September 2019

Fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins generated by the Fusarium spp. in foods and feeds. More than 15 isomers of Fumonisin are recognized, and the B series of Fumonisins is the primary and referral isomer of Fumonisin. Fumonisin B can cause leukoencephalomalacia in rabbits and horses and porcine pulmonary edema in swine. Fumonisin B is also nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, immunotoxic and carcinogenic. It blocks sphingolipid biosynthesis (and hinders the synthesis of ceramide) by a noticeable resemblance to sphingosine and sphinganine. This paper provides a review of the toxicity, occurrence, and mechanism of carcinogenicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity as well as immunotoxicity of Fumonisins, which are primarily found on a variety of food and feed in Africa, America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania. In this paper, current information on contamination of feeds and foods by Fumonisins around the world is summarized. Because of economic losses induced by Fumonisins and their harmful effects on animal and human health, various procedures to detoxify infected feeds and foods have been illustrated in this review, including biological, physical, and chemical processes. Additionally, we discuss dietary intakes and maximum limits of Fumonisins in some countries.
A Graphene‐Based Coaxial Fibrous Photofuel Cell Powered by Mine Gas
Authors: Yang Zhengpeng , Zhu Meng , Niu Yutao , Kozliak Evguenii , Yao Bin , Zhang Yongyi , Zhang Chunjing , Qin Tongtong , Jia Yuanheng , Li Qingwen
Published: September 2019

Flexible photofuel cells (PFCs) have triggered strong scientific interest as promising emerging energy conversion devices for clean power generation due to their potential advantages in low‐cost, simple fabrication, room‐temperature operation, and high conversion efficiency, etc. However, how to enable a PFC with excellent structural flexibility and robustness, and meanwhile with sufficient fuel fed onto electrodes and therefore high power generation remains a significant challenge. Herein, a high‐performance coaxial cable‐shaped PFC device is successfully designed and integrated by employing wet‐spun graphene fiber as the inner cathode, TiO2 nanoparticle‐intercalated graphene spring as the outer photoanode, and a robust polymer gel coated in‐between as the electrolyte separator. The as‐fabricated fiber‐shaped PFC demonstrates effective adsorption of fuel, essential light penetration, and rapid electron/ion transport. Importantly, the fiber cells are sensitive to methane‐based mine gas under sunlight, exhibiting a photocurrent density nearly three orders of magnitude higher than that in air, and excellent and reliable photovoltaic performance with a maximum power density of 0.04 W cm−2 at 0.35 V. This work has shed light not only in using cheap mine gas for efficient power generation, but also on new strategies for design and fabrication of high‐performance PFCs in flexible electronic devices.
3D Self‐Assembled Microelectronic Devices: Concepts, Materials, Applications
Authors: Karnaushenko Daniil , Kang Tong , Bandari Vineeth K. , Zhu Feng , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: September 2019

Modern microelectronic systems and their components are essentially 3D devices that have become smaller and lighter in order to improve performance and reduce costs. To maintain this trend, novel materials and technologies are required that provide more structural freedom in 3D over conventional microelectronics, as well as easier parallel fabrication routes while maintaining compatability with existing manufacturing methods. Self‐assembly of initially planar membranes into complex 3D architectures offers a wealth of opportunities to accommodate thin‐film microelectronic functionalities in devices and systems possessing improved performance and higher integration density. Existing work in this field, with a focus on components constructed from 3D self‐assembly, is reviewed, and an outlook on their application potential in tomorrow's microelectronics world is provided.
Solution‐Processed‐ZnO‐Mediated Semiconductor Bonding with High Mechanical Stability, Electrical Conductivity, Optical Transparency, and Roughness Tolerance
Authors: Yamashita Tatsushi , Hirata Soichiro , Inoue Ryoichi , Kishibe Kodai , Tanabe Katsuaki
Published: September 2019

Semiconductor bonding mediated by a transparent conductive oxide, ZnO, prepared by a simple solution spin‐on process, is presented. The ZnO synthesis, sintering, and bonding processes are realized in a single step, thus providing a highly efficient semiconductor bonding method. The ZnO‐mediated bonds simultaneously exhibit high mechanical stability, electrical conductivity, and optical transparency. The bonding's high tolerance for the roughness of the surfaces to be bonded is also demonstrated, due to the soft, deformable interfacial contact agent that is solidified in the bonding process, in contrast to direct bonding and bonding mediated by solid‐state materials. Furthermore, the fabrication and operation of solar‐cell devices are demonstrated using the developed ZnO‐mediated bonding technique, with current paths across the bonded interfaces, thus verifying the practical applicability of the bonding scheme. The developed ZnO‐mediated bonding scheme leads to low‐cost, high‐performance heterostructured optoelectronic device fabrication and integration.
Dual‐Responsive Janus Membrane by One‐Step Laser Drilling for Underwater Bubble Selective Capture and Repelling
Authors: Wu Sizhu , Meng Dong , Chen Chao , Shi Lu‐An , Zhou Lili , Huang Zhouchen , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong
Published: September 2019

Achieving the dynamic control of underwater gas bubbles (UGBs) on smart surfaces has aroused great attention for academic research and industrial applications. To date, developing a kind of stimuli‐responsive porous membrane with asymmetric wettability which can be reversibly switched between Janus and non‐Janus systems, unfortunately, has been rarely demonstrated. Here, a light/temperature‐responsive Janus tapered‐hole arrayed zinc foil (TAZF) is unfolded by combining one‐step laser drilling and a subsequent heating which is successfully utilized for underwater bubble unidirectional transport, that is, bubble “diode.” Moreover, this TAZF can reversibly switch between Janus architecture and double‐faced aerophobic by applying alternative heating and UV dispositions for selectively capturing or repelling bubbles. The underlying mechanism revealed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrums is that the reversible graft and removal of hydroxyl (OH) on the top surface of TAZF dominates the wettability conversion. The quantitative relationship among the UV and heating time and the water contact angle and the underwater bubble contact angle (UGBCA) is also studied. This work provides insight for designing smart surfaces applicable in fast bubble capture, transportation, collection, and gas/liquid separation.
Integrated on Chip Platform with Quantum Emitters in Layered Materials
Authors: Kim Sejeong , Duong Ngoc My Hanh , Nguyen Minh , Lu Tsung‐Ju , Kianinia Mehran , Mendelson Noah , Solntsev Alexander , Bradac Carlo , Englund Dirk R. , Aharonovich Igor
Published: September 2019

Integrated quantum photonic circuitry is an emerging topic that requires efficient coupling of quantum light sources to waveguides and optical resonators. So far, great effort is devoted to engineering on‐chip systems from 3D crystals such as diamond or gallium arsenide. In this study, room‐temperature coupling is demonstrated of quantum emitters embedded in layered hexagonal boron nitride to an on‐chip aluminum nitride waveguide. 1.35% light coupling efficiency is achieved in the device and transmission of single photons through the waveguide is demonstrated. The results serve as foundation for integrating layered materials to on‐chip components and realizing integrated quantum photonic circuitry.
Rhodium‐Catalysed [4+2] Annulation of Aromatic Oximes with Terminal Alkenes by C−H/N−O Functionalization towards 3,4‐Dihydroisoquinolines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ouyang Xuan‐Hui , Li Yang , Chen Bo , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: September 2019

Rhodium (Rh)‐catalysed [4+2] annulation of aromatic oximes with common terminal alkenes for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines is presented. Through the cooperation of a Rh(III) catalyst and a catalytic amount of K2HPO4 base, the reaction enables the formation of two new bonds, a C(sp2)−C(sp3) bond and a C(sp3)−N bond, in a single reaction via functionalization of both the C−H and N−O bonds and provides a practical method to produce 3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines with exquisite selectivity and excellent compatibility of functional groups.

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Photoresponsive Luminescent Polymeric Hydrogels for Reversible Information Encryption and Decryption
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Chen Hongzhong , Li Bin , Xie Yanmiao , Gong Xiaoli , Liu Xiao , Li Huanrong , Zhao Yanli
Published: September 2019

Conventional luminescent information is usually visible under either ambient or UV light, hampering their potential application in smart confidential information protection. In order to address this challenge, herein, light‐triggered luminescence ON‐OFF switchable hybrid hydrogels are successfully constructed through in situ copolymerization of acrylamide, lanthanide complex, and diarylethene photochromic unit. The open‐close behavior of the diarylethene ring in the polymer could be controlled by UV and visible light irradiation, where the close form of the ring features fluorescence resonance energy transfer with the lanthanide complex. The hydrogel‐based blocks with tunable emission colors are then employed to construct 3D information codes, which can be read out under a 254 nm UV lamp. The exposure to 300 nm UV light leads to the luminescence quenching of the hydrogels, thus erasing the encoded information. Under visible light (>450 nm) irradiation, the luminescence is recovered to make the confidential information readable again. Thus, by simply alternating the exposure to UV and visible lights, the luminescence signals could become invisible and visible reversibly, allowing for reversible multiple information encryption and decryption.
Final analysis from RESONATE: Up to six years of follow‐up on ibrutinib in patients with previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma
Authors: Munir Talha , Brown Jennifer R. , O'Brien Susan , Barrientos Jacqueline C. , Barr Paul M. , Reddy Nishitha M. , Coutre Steven , Tam Constantine S. , Mulligan Stephen P. , Jaeger Ulrich , Kipps Thomas J. , Moreno Carol , Montillo Marco , Burger Jan A. , Byrd John C. , Hillmen Peter , Dai Sandra , Szoke Anita , Dean James P. , Woyach Jennifer A.
Published: September 2019

Ibrutinib, a once‐daily oral inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is approved in the United States and Europe for treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). The phase 3 RESONATE study showed improved efficacy of single‐agent ibrutinib over ofatumumab in patients with relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL, including those with high‐risk features. Here we report the final analysis from RESONATE with median follow‐up on study of 65.3 months (range, 0.3‐71.6) in the ibrutinib arm. Median progression‐free survival (PFS) remained significantly longer for patients randomized to ibrutinib vs ofatumumab (44.1 vs 8.1 months; hazard ratio [HR]: 0.148; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.113‐0.196; P˂.001). The PFS benefit with ibrutinib vs ofatumumab was preserved in the genomic high‐risk population with del(17p), TP53 mutation, del(11q), and/or unmutated IGHV status (median PFS 44.1 vs 8.0 months; HR: 0.110; 95% CI: 0.080‐0.152), which represented 82% of patients. Overall response rate with ibrutinib was 91% (complete response/complete response with incomplete bone marrow recovery, 11%). Overall survival, censored for crossover, was better with ibrutinib than ofatumumab (HR: 0.639; 95% CI: 0.418‐0.975). With up to 71 months (median 41 months) of ibrutinib therapy, the safety profile remained consistent with prior reports; cumulatively, all‐grade (grade ≥3) hypertension and atrial fibrillation occurred in 21% (9%) and 12% (6%) of patients, respectively. Only 16% discontinued ibrutinib because of adverse events (AEs). These long‐term results confirm the robust efficacy of ibrutinib in relapsed/refractory CLL/SLL irrespective of high‐risk clinical or genomic features, with no unexpected AEs. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01578707).
The cognitive performance of indigenous schoolchildren in relation to their feeding during infancy
Authors: Cando R. Isabel , DíazSilva Alicia , Guerendiain Marcela
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Nutrition during the first 3 years of life is critical to neurodevelopment. Native populations experience poverty, inequality, and food insecurity. Therefore, we analyzed the relationship between feeding during infancy and cognitive performance in schoolchildren of rural indigenous communities in Riobamba, Ecuador.

Methods

Thirty‐seven schoolchildren (5–6 years) were recruited. We determined duration of exclusive breastfeeding, weaning age, age of cow's milk incorporation, daily intake of cow's milk, age of solid and liquid incorporation, and sociocultural and anthropometric parameters. Verbal, manipulative, and total intelligence quotients were evaluated with Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence.

Results

Means of verbal, manipulative, and total intelligence quotient scores were 86.46 ± 11.55, 96.39 ± 9.96, and 89.25 ± 10.43, respectively. Children were exclusively breastfed until 6.83 ± 3.97 months and weaned at 17.17 ± 5.58 months. Age of cow's milk incorporation was 12.58 ± 6.06 months, with a daily intake of 737.50 ± 417.50 mL. Solids were incorporated at 10.11 ± 4.43 months and liquids at 7.72 ± 3.30 months. Positive associations between duration of exclusive breastfeeding and manipulative (unadjusted: ρ = .545, P = .006; r = .491, P = .028; adjusted for children's body mass index, and ethnicity and educational level of mothers: r = .522, P = .041) and total (unadjusted: ρ = .483, P = .017; adjusted: r = .572, P = .036) intelligence quotients were found. Frequency of children with manipulative (χ2[2] = 7.093, P = .029) and total (χ2[2] = 7.198, P = .027) intelligence quotient ≥90 was higher in those exclusively breastfed >6 months. Furthermore, schoolchildren in the >6 months group had better manipulative (101.75 ± 9.08 vs 89.71 ± 8.56, P = .038) and total (94.50 ± 11.89 vs 84.86 ± 5.05, P = .036) intelligence quotient than those in the <6 months group, independent of anthropometric and sociocultural factors.

Conclusions

Longer exclusive breastfeeding was related to better total intelligence quotient in rural indigenous schoolchildren.
Agricultural wealth better predicts mental wellbeing than market wealth among highly vulnerable households in Haiti: Evidence for the benefits of a multidimensional approach to poverty
Authors: Lachaud James , Hruschka Daniel J. , Kaiser Bonnie N. , Brewis Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Lack of wealth (poverty) impacts almost every aspect of human biology. Accordingly, many studies include its assessment. In almost all cases, approaches to assessing poverty are based on lack of success within cash economies (eg, lack of income, employment). However, this operationalization deflects attention from alternative forms of poverty that may have the most substantial influence on human wellbeing. We test how a multidimensional measure of poverty that considers agricultural assets expands the explanatory power of the construct of household poverty by associating it with one key aspect of wellbeing: symptoms of mental health.

Methods

We used the case of three highly vulnerable but distinctive communities in Haiti—urban, town with a rural hinterland, and rural. Based on survey responses from adults in 4055 geographically sampled households, linear regression models were used to predict depression and anxiety symptom levels controlling for a wide range of covariates related to detailed measures of material poverty, including cash‐economy and agricultural assets, income, financial stress, and food insecurity.

Results

Household assets related to the cash economy were significantly associated with lower (ie, better) depression scores (−0.7, [95% CI: −1.2 to, −0.1]) but unrelated to anxiety scores (−0.3 [95% CI: −0.8 to 0.3]). Agricultural wealth was significantly—and more strongly—associated with both reductions in depression symptoms (−1.4 [95% CI: −2.2 to −0.7]) and anxiety symptoms (−1.8 [95% CI: −2.6 to −1.0]). These associations were consistent across the three sites, except in the fully urban site in Port‐au‐Prince where level of depression symptoms was not significantly associated with household agricultural wealth.

Conclusions

Standard measures of poverty based on success in the cash economy can mask important associations between poverty and wellbeing, in this case related to household‐level subsistence capacity and crucial food‐producing household assets.
Novel synonymous and missense variants in FGFR1 causing Hartsfield syndrome
Authors: Courage Carolina , Jackson Christopher B. , Owczarek‐Lipska Marta , Jamsheer Aleksander , Sowińska‐Seidler Anna , Piotrowicz Małgorzata , Jakubowski Lucjusz , Dallèves Fanny , Riesch Erik , Neidhardt John , Lemke Johannes R.
Published: September 2019

Hartsfield syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterized by holoprosencephaly and ectrodactyly with the variable feature of cleft lip/palate. In addition to these symptoms patients with Hartsfield syndrome can show developmental delay of variable severity, isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, central diabetes insipidus, vertebral anomalies, eye anomalies, and cardiac malformations. Pathogenic variants in FGFR1 have been described to cause phenotypically different FGFR1‐related disorders such as Hartsfield syndrome, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with or without anosmia, Jackson–Weiss syndrome, osteoglophonic dysplasia, Pfeiffer syndrome, and trigonocephaly Type 1. Here, we report three patients with Hartsfield syndrome from two unrelated families. Exome sequencing revealed two siblings harboring a novel de novo heterozygous synonymous variant c.1029G>A, p.Ala343Ala causing a cryptic splice donor site in exon 8 of FGFR1 likely due to gonadal mosaicism in one parent. The third case was a sporadic patient with a novel de novo heterozygous missense variant c.1868A>G, p.(Asp623Gly).
Associations among air pollutants, grass pollens, and daily number of grass pollen allergen‐positive patients: a longitudinal study from 2012 to 2016
Authors: Ouyang Yuhui , Yin Zhaoyin , Li Ying , Fan Erzhong , Zhang Luo
Published: September 2019

Background

Grass pollen is the most prevalent sensitizing aeroallergen to cause respiratory allergies in northern China. Air pollutants have a substantial effect on respiratory health and some pollens. This study aimed to investigate relationships among airborne grass pollen, air pollutants and allergic diseases, in order to determine their effects on patients with grass pollen allergies in Beijing, China, during the period from 2013 to 2016.

Methods

Data regarding autumnal grass pollens and air pollutants measured in Beijing from 2012 to 2016 were obtained from local governmental agencies. Patient data regarding specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) analyses from 2013 to 2016 were obtained from the Department of Allergy in Beijing Tongren Hospital. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to assess associations between the daily number of grass pollen allergen–positive patients and the following parameters: 3 clinically‐relevant grass pollen genera (Artemisia, Humulus, and Chenopodium) and inhalable pollutants.

Results

Correlation analysis indicated that the daily number of grass pollen‐positive patients was significantly associated with the peak period of grass pollens, as well as pollutants SO2 and NOx. Moreover, concentrations of air pollutants (eg, ozone, oxides of nitrogen [NOx], and SO2) were consistently and significantly associated with concentrations of grass pollens; particulate matter 2.5 µm in diameter was negatively associated with Artemisia and Chenopodium pollens.

Conclusion

Grass pollens exhibited substantial impact on allergic disease morbidity. Air pollutants impacted allergic disease and grass pollen. Thus, public health and clinical approaches to anticipate and reduce allergic disease morbidity from pollen and pollutants are needed.
Bi‐ and Polynuclear Transition‐Metal Carbon Tellurides
Authors: Frogley Benjamin J. , Hill Anthony F. , Onn Chee S. , Watson Lachlan J.
Published: September 2019

The first examples of bi‐ and polynuclear tellurocarbonyl complexes were obtained from the reactions of [W(≡CTe)(CO)2(Tp*)]NEt4 (Tp*=hydrotris(dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) with [MCl(PCy3)]/TlPF6 (M=Cu, Au) or [Au2Cl2(μ‐dppm)], which afford [WM(μ‐CTe)(PCy3)(CO)2(Tp*)] (M=Cu, Au) and [WAu2(μ‐CTe)(μ‐dppm)(CO)2(Tp*)]3(PF6)3. In all cases it is specifically the tellurocarbonyl that assumes a bridging, but in each case distinct, role including examples of isotellurocarbonyl, semi‐bridging and σ–π coordination and combinations thereof. Tetrametallic complexes bridged by C2Te and C2Te2 ligands are also described.
Synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanowhisker‐reinforced‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) scaffold for tissue‐engineering applications
Authors: Khattab Mohamed Mahmoud , Dahman Yaser
Published: September 2019

Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) is a bioresorbable and biocompatible polymer with assorted medical applications. However, remarkable hydrophobicity and nonosteoconductivity have stood as a barrier to limit its applications. The present study aims to modify the bulk characteristics of PCL to develop a polymeric scaffold with adequate structural and mechanical properties to support regenerated tissues. For this purpose, functionalized bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers (BCNW‐g‐βCD‐PCL2000) are synthesized. Reinforcing PCL matrix with 4 wt % of the nanowhiskers resulted in a bionanocomposite with promoted bulk properties. Compared to neat PCL, the obtained bionanocomposite shows improvements of 115 and 51% in tensile strength and Young's modulus, respectively; 20% increase in hydrophilicity; 7% increase in degradation rate; and 6% decrease in crystallinity. Gas foaming/combined particulate leaching technique is used to develop highly porous structures of 86–95% porosity with interconnected macropores of mean pore diameters of 250–420 μm. Porous scaffolds showed compression modulus values of 5.3–9.1 MPa and would have promising applications in regenerative medicine. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2020,137, 48481.