bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fer i pintar un plat de ceràmica amb un relat amagat que parla sobre la màgia de la trobada dels pares
Authors: Garriga Mora Xavier
Published: March 2020

Als tallers infantils d’art de l’Escola Municipal d’Art Illa de Sabadell procurem fer treballs significatius que tenen a veure amb les biografies dels nens i les seves famílies. En aquest, hem fet uns plats de ceràmica pintats amb el relat del dia que els pares es van veure per primer cop.Des de l’antiguitat, la ceràmica sempre ha estat un suport per facilitar la vida i alhora ha estat portadora d’elements simbòlics que acompanyen l’esperit de la seva funcionalitat, amb decoracions que donen força i màgia per al viure dels usuaris.Fer un plat amb fang, commemoratiu, és un acte simbòlic: un plat en què ens menjarem possiblement el nostre futur. Com expliquen Jodorowsky (Jodorowsky i Costa, 2011) i sobretot Stephan Hausner (2013) quan parlen del contracte inicial que fa una parella quan es troba, moltes clàusules complexes dels pares les paguen els fills, que intenten compensar i solucionar coses i ho acaben pagant amb la seva salut.Aquests tipus de propostes artisticoeducatives desperten relats dintre de les famílies del nostre alumnat, i també professorat, i es produeix a l’escola un fet que sempre ens encomana incloure-hi Carles Parellada des de la pedagogia sistèmica: la reconciliació biogràfica, la creació d’un relat del vincle que ens ajuda a donar sentit i força per viure el present.Aquesta proposta es va fer amb l’alumnat del màster en Pedagogia Sistèmica a l’Institut Gestalt i la Fundació URV, i ens va permetre descobrir en la pròpia pell la importància d’aquest relat fundacional de la parella que ens va fer. Sigui el que sigui el que va passar entre els pares, si es tracta del nostre origen és prou important saber el que va passar per fer el nostre propi relat present del viure. Es van incorporar moviments sistèmics a través dels quals es van fer emocionants descobriments.
Converses amb Carles Parellada Enrich
Authors: Gilabert Sandra , Viscarro Isabel
Published: March 2020

Carles Parellada Enrich és mestre, psicomotricista i terapeuta sistèmic, màster en pedagogia sistèmica per la UDEC de Mèxic i s’ha format en constel·lacions familiars a l’Institut Gestalt de Barcelona.
Editorial. Per una innovació escolar efectiva
Authors: Educativa Comunicació
Published: March 2020

Des de fa un temps, a les escoles catalanes s’estan multiplicant les iniciatives per renovar les estratègies d’ensenyament i aprenentatge, trencar amb velles rutines i fer una aposta decidida per la innovació docent.
Actors, mims i altres pallassades. 3, 2, 1, acció!
Authors: Florenza Satorres Patrícia
Published: March 2020

Des de fa uns anys, a l’Escola Guillem Fortuny de Cambrils duem a terme una experiència expressiva, vivencial i creativa en què, mitjançant l’experimentació dels diferents recursos expressius i el treball del llenguatge corporal, els alumnes fan representacions amb mímica en grups cooperatius.L’expressió corporal potencia el desenvolupament natural de les expressions i manifestacions corporals de l’infant, amb la idea que sigui ell mateix i que el joc amb el cos li serveixi per conèixer-se i aprendre a comunicar-se sense contradiccions que l’inhibeixin.
Montserrat Bertran Vallès, professora de l’Escola Normal de Tarragona. Actituds socioprofessionals i d’innovació
Authors: Gavaldà Torrents Antoni
Published: March 2020

L’article exposa la vida professional d’una mestra de mestres, Montserrat Bertran Vallès, a partir sobretot del treball a l’Escola Normal de Tarragona. Activa i activista dins el món social i acadèmic durant la primera meitat del segle xx s’hi significà en diversos fronts: en propiciar l’ensenyament del català durant la II República; en el suport de defensa dels alumnes en la participació en la vida acadèmica; en escriure materials per la disciplina que impartia; i en propiciar un ensenyament actiu arrelat al territori. Passada la guerra va ser depurada per la dictadura franquista, i quan es pogué reincorporar va ser destinada a l’Escola de Magisteri de La Laguna (Tenerife). De retorn a l’Escola Normal de Tarragona va arribar a ser-ne directora.
Protocols for "Sequencing smart: De novo sequencing and assembly approaches for a non-model mammal" v1
Authors: J Etherington Graham
Published: March 2020

Whilst much sequencing effort has focused on key mammalian model organisms such as mouse and human, little is known about the correlation between genome sequencing techniques for non-model mammals and genome assembly quality. This is especially relevant to non-model mammals, where the samples to be sequenced are often degraded and low quality. A key aspect when planning a genome project is the choice of sequencing data to generate. This decision is driven by several factors, including the biological questions being asked, the quality of DNA available, and the availability of funds. Cutting-edge sequencing technologies now make it possible to achieve highly contiguous, chromosome-level genome assemblies, but relies on good quality high-molecular-weight DNA. Here we use a range of different genomic technologies generated from a roadkill European Polecat (Mustela putorius) to assess various assembly techniques on this low-quality sample. We evaluated different approaches for de novo assemblies and discuss their value in relation to biological analyses. The high degree of variability between each de novo assembly method (assessed from the seven key metrics) highlights the importance of carefully devising the sequencing strategy to be able to carry out the desired analysis. Adding more data to genome assemblies does not always results in better assemblies so it is important to understand the nuances of genomic data integration explained here, in order to obtain cost-effective value-for-money when sequencing genomes.
Amplification Free Paired End Library Construction Protocol v1
Authors: J Etherington Graham , Heavens Darren , Baker David , Lister Ashleigh , McNelly Rose , Garcia Gonzalo , Clavijo Bernardo , Macaulay Iain , Haerty Wilfried , Di Palma Federica
Published: March 2020

Amplification Free Paired End Library Construction Protocol.
Opentrons COVID-19 testing v1
Authors: Marrone Max
Published: March 2020

Opentrons and the Open Medicine Institute are developing an automated high-throughput COVID-19 testing protocol to submit to the FDA for an Emergency Use Authorization as a diagnostic. The standard assay for this type of infectious disease testing is quantitative PCR (qPCR), and in this case reverse transcriptase qPCR since COVID-19 is an RNA virus. After patient samples are collected in public health facilities, doctors offices, and hospitals, they are sent to the lab for processing, which happens in four steps: Sample Intake RNA Extraction qPCR Setup RT-qPCR Assay Opentrons OT-2 robots carry out most of this work. However, human operators are needed for some key tasks, like: Moving samples between stations Preparing certain reagents Running the qPCR machine Logging data
nCoV-2019 sequencing protocol (single sample) v1
Authors: Smith Eric , Quick Josh
Published: March 2020

ARTIC amplicon sequencing protocol for MinION for nCoV-2019
Tissue Quality Evaluation for Brain Perfusion/Dissection Specimens v1
Authors: Institute for Brain Science Allen
Published: March 2020

This protocol provides guidance in the assessment of quality of tissues post perfusion and dissection and applies to all such procedures. Perfusion and dissection quality will be categorized on the following scale: perfect, good, fair, and poor. This SOP also presents written descriptions, and images, of specific category attributes. Note: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute Of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U19MH114830. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Identification of interacting proteins using proximity-dependent biotinylation with BioID2 in Trypanosoma brucei v1
Authors: Pyrih Jan , Lukeš Julius
Published: March 2020

A range of recently developed techniques that take advantage of proximity biotinylation, such as BioID, TurboID, and APEX, are particularly suitable for the studies of protein-protein interactions. As compared to classical co-immunoprecipitation, their advantage is higher reproducibility and capacity to identify stable complexes and also capture transient interactions. Briefly, the protein of interest is fused with modified biotin ligase, which promiscuously biotinylates proteins in its proximity. However, until now BioID has been used in T. brucei only in just a handful of studies. Here, we took advantage of the recently developed advanced biotin ligation-based approach named BioID2, which we have successfully adapted for T. brucei. In contrast to the classical BioID technique, BioID2 biotin ligase is smaller (26 kDa), more specific, and attached to the protein of interest by several nm-long linker arm, which improves protein folding and the biotinylation range. When applied to T. brucei, BioID2 labeling produced a highly specific output.
TSS transformation of non-competent E. coli cells v1
Authors: Pawlowski Alice
Published: March 2020

Transformation & Storage Solution (2X TSS) enables researchers to take advantage of the simple system described by Chung et al., 1989 (DOI:10.1073/pnas.86.7.2172) for the transformation of E. coli cells. Early log-phase cells are suspended in 1X TSS, a solution containing polyethylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and divalent cations in a bacterial growth medium. This protocol is an alternative to the transformation method with chemically CaCl2-competent cells. Advantage: You can use any fresh E. coli cells Disadvantage: Low efficiency. Use only for transformation of plasmids, not for ligation mixtures in molecular cloning. It is possible to transform at least two plasmids at the same time. CaCl2-Transformation does not work for E. coli strains W3110 and W3110 Z1, thus TSS transformation is a method of choice.
Extraction of total RNA from E. coli cells v1
Authors: Pawlowski Alice
Published: March 2020

The protocol is used for the extraction of total RNA from E. coli cells. It is based on the method described by Chomczynski and Sacchi, 1987 (https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(87)90021-2). Total RNA is isolated from cells expressing small regulatory RNAs (trRNAs) either constitutively (E. coli W3110) or after induction with anhydrotetracycline (E. coli W1310 Z1).
Socio-Economic Participation of Somali Refugees in the Netherlands, Transnational Networks and Boundary Spanning
Authors: Liempt Ilse Van , Nijenhuis Gery
Published: March 2020

In this article we analyse the socio-economic participation of Somali refugees in the Netherlands. Unemployment is higher among Somalis than any other refugee or immigrant group in the Netherlands and they face many obstacles when it comes to social and economic participation. At the same time, they are known for having a strong transnational orientation. We were interested to learn whether and, if so, how Somalis use their transnational networks to overcome obstacles on the Dutch labour market and how boundaries around formal labour markets are negotiated in order to access employment and to participate. We did so by focusing on two strategies employed to participate, namely through Somali organizations in the Netherlands and elsewhere, and by Somalis moving to the UK. In doing so, we looked at Somalis’ ability to span boundaries to create opportunities. The concept of transnational networks is helpful in understanding Somalis’ daily realities, but conceptually it does not seem to fit entirely as these networks usually only refer to connections with the ‘homeland.’ We argue that Somalis’ boundary-spanning activities move beyond national levels and involve various scales, sites, and settings. The data we refer to are derived from focus group discussions with 66 Somali people in Amsterdam and 20 interviews with experts who work with the Somali community in the Netherlands. These discussions and interviews were held in 2013–14. We also draw on 20 interviews with Somali organizations in the Netherlands about their transnational orientation, which were conducted between 2010 and 2013 in the context of another research project.
Право на развитие: инновации как глобальное достояние
Authors: Ибрагимова Ксения , Барабанов Олег
Published: March 2020

В современном мире сохраняется неравенство, которое проявляется как в социально-экономической, так и в научно-технологической и инновационной сферах. Авторы исходят из концепции глобального всеобщего достояния (global commons), рассматривающей в том числе научное, технологическое и инновационное развитие как трансграничное достояние человечества. Согласно этой логике право на научно-технологическое и инновационное развитие, понимаемое как право индивидуальное и коллективное, логично вписывается в процесс эволюции прав человека, а концепция права на научно-технологическое и инновационное развитие опирается на представления об инновационном суверенитете всех государств, т.е. принципиальном равенстве всех государств в праве на создание и развитие необходимых для решения глобальных проблем технологий. Это право исторически связано с деколонизацией и необходимостью реализации человеческого потенциала как условия осуществления всех других политических, социальных, экономических, культурных и экологических прав. Авторы сопоставляют современные подходы к преодолению проблемы научного, технологического и инновационного неравенства в мире, анализируют вопросы, связанные с открытостью науки, демократизацией процесса создания инноваций и переходом к “открытым инновациям”.
Приватизация будущего. Движение к новой семантике, концепции и практике мира
Authors: Неклесса Александр
Published: March 2020

Статья посвящена анализу трансформационных процессов в антропологическом космосе, где стратегические преимущества переходят к системам, способным эффективно функционировать в условиях новизны и неопределенности. Глобализацию сопровождает не менее интенсивная реконструкция социума и процессы индивидуации – антипод массовой имплозивной атомизации. Проактивная личность, частные и партнерские институты, трансграничные сообщества конкурируют с привычными институтами. Иерархии утрачивают бюрократическую определенность, а расширение возможностей личности означает повышение вариабельности практики, предопределяя перенастройку концерта держав от симфонии наций к полифонии политий. Геополитическая логика замещается геоэкономической, в подвижной среде с эластичной архитектурой возрастает роль социокультурной гравитации (геокультуры), ускоряется перераспределение по планете человеческого капитала с учетом качественных характеристик (геоантропология). Обращается внимание на изменение “режима знания” – формирование категориального аппарата, соответствующего сложности процессов. Новые подходы востребованы при создании моделей мироустройства, определяющую роль в которых играет социокультурное притяжение и функциональная связность локальностей, куда стекаются профессиональные и пассионарные антропологические ресурсы. Tour de force преобразований, отрицая прежние идео-политические форматы, асимметричным образом проявляется в различных цивилизационных зонах. Россия, попав в начале прошлого века в водоворот истории, сегодня демонстрирует агрессивно-защитные реакции и мыслит мир преимущественно в категориях прошлого, в рамках оборонного сознания. Она тоже становится миром корпораций и сообществ, однако реализует собственную версию приватизации будущего, мысля власть не как механизм коэволюции граждан, но как курирующую государственные структуры властную корпорацию. Социокультурная имплозия и антропологическая катастрофа продуцируют дефицит национальной элиты и активного гражданского слоя, что является фундаментальным препятствием при освоении протееобразных миров и устремленности в глубины эволюционной битвы за будущее.
Российско-польское пограничье: проблемы и перспективы развития трансграничных связей
Authors: Palmowski Tadeusz , Федоров Геннадий
Published: March 2020

Единственный российский регион, непосредственно граничащий с Польшей, – Калининградская область. Польско-российские отношения играют важную роль в экономических и социальных связях России и Европейского союза на Балтике, где активно формируется транснациональный Балтийский регион. В 1990-е годы и в начале 2000-х годов быстро развивались трансграничные российско-польские связи. Однако постепенно их интенсивность стала ослабевать, а после известных событий 2014 г. на Украине и введения западными странами антироссийских санкций спад охватил все стороны российско-польских отношений. Лишь начиная с 2017 г. наметились позитивные сдвиги во внешнеторговом обороте между двумя странами и подготовке проектов Программы приграничного сотрудничества “Польша – Россия”. Развиваются взаимные туристические поездки жителей Калининградской области и соседних регионов Польши. Этот период пока еще сравнительно слабо освещен в научной литературе, но имеющие место трансграничные взаимодействия активно изучаются учеными. В Калининграде и Гданьске ежегодно проводятся традиционные международные конференции, посвященные развитию сотрудничества на Балтике, выходят специализированные журналы, посвященные балтийской проблематике, – “Балтийский регион”, издаваемый Балтийским федеральным университетом им. И. Канта, и “Regiony nadmorskie”, которые издает Гданьский университет. Можно утверждать, что, несмотря на заметное ослабление трансграничных связей, они продолжают играть важную роль в развитии соседних приграничных регионов России и Польши. В статье с помощью анализа публикаций, статистических данных и собственного исследовательского опыта авторов дается оценка достигнутому уровню российско-польских трансграничных взаимодействий. Показаны перспективные направления развития этих взаимовыгодных взаимодействий, которые могли бы получить гораздо большее развитие при улучшении политических отношений между двумя странами.
The Paradox of Agricultural Trade Liberalization in Bangladesh and Tanzania
Authors: Chile Love M. , Talukder Dayal
Published: March 2020

This paper examines some of the contradictions and theoretical ambiguities of agricultural trade liberalizationon the welfare of smallholder farmers. Using production, consumption and price data for pre-and post-liberalization periods for two main agricultural crops from Bangladesh (rice) and Tanzania (maize) we critically analyse the correlation between domestic and international prices of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania to estimate impact of agricultural trade liberalization on price stability/volatility and food security to measure economic benefits of trade liberalization on smallholder farmers. Using coefficient of variation of the level of prices (CV) and corrected coefficient of variation (CCV) as measured by Huchet-Bourdon (2011) we found that the values of both CV and CCV for consumer price in the post-liberalisation were quite large suggesting greater volatility of consumer price of rice in Bangladesh and maize in Tanzania in the post-liberalization period. We conclude that price volatility diminishes the potential benefits of agricultural trade liberalization forsmallholder farmers who are net-deficit producers, net-deficit sellers and recommend supplementary policy interventions to achieve enhanced welfare from trade liberalization.
Th e Study of the Relationship between Leadership Style and Project Success
Authors: Jiang Juanjuan
Published: March 2020

From three aspects of literatures: Leadership style, project success factors, and the match of leadership type and project type, this paper studied the relationship between leadership style and project success, and found that although leadership or manager is rarely included in the project success factors, it inﬂ uences the performance of project through various patterns, like the collaboration of teamwork, management of source, communication with both followers and clients.
Determinants of Agricultural Export in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Panel Study
Authors: Tesfaye Eyayu
Published: March 2020

Despite the critical importance of agriculture in SSA countries; there are constraints behind, between, and beyond the border that directly and indirectly affects agricultural export performance of these countries. This paper attempts to explain theoretically and assess empirically the demand and the supply side factors affecting agricultural export of SSA countries. Specifically, the study focuses on analyzing the relative importance of the two major factors in determining the countries agricultural export performance. Panel data set with fixed effects estimation technique is used to address the question. The data set covers 47 SSA countries over the periods 2000-2008.The estimation result shows that on the supply side, factors such as real GDP, real GDP (lagged) of exporting country and lagged agricultural input use positively and significantly affects agricultural export of the SSA countries. The study also indicates that on the demand side the effect of per capita GDP of US, the major trading partner of SSA countries, is positive and significant. Moreover, the effect of US import tariff imposed on agricultural products from SSA countries is negative and significant. Therefore, the overall result reiterates that both supply side and demand side factors are equally important in determining agricultural export performance of SSA countries.
Circular Economy and Urban Waste Resources Recycling
Authors: Luo Cheng
Published: March 2020

With the rapid development of our social economy, the speeding up of urbanization and the rapid increase of people's living standard, the production and living garbage also increases rapidly and have more obvious bad influence on people's health. Such problems as environmental pollution gradually led to the attention of the society from all walks of life. The work of living garbage prevention and control has made great progress. But the level of Living garbage classification and recovery and the processing capacity are relatively lag. So the applicability of the life garbage disposal technology to solve the living garbage is a very important problem.
An Analysis of Institutional Credit Pattern of Women Entrepreneurs
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad Kamrul
Published: March 2020

This is an analytical paper. The aim of this paper is to find out which patterns of credit are frequently used by the women entrepreneurs.  The result of this pepper will help the policy makers of financial institutions to decorate their schemes, especially for the women entrepreneurs. The researcher has used simple percentage analysis and graph to present the information with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007. The major findings of this paper are most of the women entrepreneurs are pleased to use institutional credit and they prefer private bank to get their credit. Most of them prefer to withdraw three hundred thousand to five hundred thousand taka as credit, interest rare nine percent to eleven percent, credit period two years to five years, installment monthly and the preferable monthly amount is five thousand to ten thousand taka.
Minimum Wage in Readymade Garments Industry in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Ashraful
Published: March 2020

Manufacturing Ready-Made Garment (RMG) is labour intensive and low wage based industry.  Nowhere, this industry was static or permanent basically on account of wage. As soon as any country became developed, the apparel and textile industry left that country. RMG is highly focused on the relocation of production. The relocation take place from high wage regions to low cost production regions just like water flows down-stream always. This single sector is dominating Bangladesh economy Since ‘80s. In Bangladesh different sectors have different wage levels according to the nature of job. The Minimum Wages Board recommended or re-recommended minimum wages of the 42 industrial sectors. The minimum wage of this very sector is lower than other sectors within the country and among the RMG manufacturing countries as well. On the contrary, within the country, for the same sector – RMG, there are dissimilarity in the minimum wage. Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) declares the same for the industries inside Export Processing Zones (EPZ) which is higher than the declaration by Minimum Wage Board for outside EPZ factories. Minimum wage board has classified the non-EPZ workforces into seven grades according to their skills with seven different wage levels. Contrary, EPZs workers are divided into five categories. BEPZA has fixed higher wages and benefits compere to non-EPZ factories. Moreover, the study finds that the grading system has many loopholes which is not based on well thought and planned. There are so many posts and positions required to run an RMG factory that are not mentioned in the gazette. There is no guideline on how to measure workers’ competency for a particular grade and for how long a worker will be retained in the same grade. These loopholes are helping the employers to manipulate in determining workers’ grade. Minimum wage structure is applicable for whose positions mentioned in the gazette and entitled to all types of benefits mentioned in the law including overtime (OT) payment at double rate of wage. To avoid extra overtime payment factory management promotes or changes the designations like executive, supervisor etc. who are getting comparatively higher wage to keep them away from OT benefits. All those anomalies need to be addressed for properly.
A questionnaire-based study to evaluate perception, attitude and opinion of undergraduate medical students on the teaching-learning methodology in pharmacology
Authors: Yadav Saripilli Preethi , Anusha K. N. V.
Published: March 2020

Background: Pharmacology enables medical students with the art of rational prescriptions of drugs. Reforms in undergraduate teaching are the need of the hour. The purpose of the study was to assess the student’s attitude, perception, and feedback on teaching-learning methodology. Students’ feedback gives an idea to evaluate teaching methods.Methods: A cross-sectional study based on questionnaire. A total of 200 second-year medical students studying at Rangaraya medical college, Kakinada, were asked to fill up a pre-validated, predesigned questionnaire containing 17 questions. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis of data, and the results were expressed in percentage (%).Results: Out of 200 students, 188 filled the questionnaire, and results were analyzed. 98.43% wanted case-based learning; 96.34% wanted more of clinical pharmacology in the curriculum. 83.53% wanted group discussion. Difficulty level of understanding is CVS (67%), CNS (65%), ANS (59%). 44% preferred tutorials. Combined use of LCD + Blackboard (86.58) is ideal teaching method. 81.70% of students studied textbooks only. According to students, pharmacology teachers should make subject interesting (37%) and student-friendly (31%). The need for pharmacology orientation during the internship (68.29%).Conclusions: The study related to the perception and attitude of the students in learning pharmacology was positive and constructive. The students wish to learn more of clinical and practical oriented way with useful audio-visual aids, and should also be refreshed during internship. Implementation of the same would be helpful for better outcome of students.
An experimental study to evaluate the role of aspirin and metformin in prevention of depression in rats
Authors: Abbas Alisha , Kumar Narendra , Singh Sarvesh , Kumar Rahul , Ahmad Akhlaque , Nath Rajendra , Dixit Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Depression was seen to be associated with an increased level of inflammatory biomarkers along with the disturbance in the monoamine neurotransmitter system. Current therapies are mostly focussed on the neurotransmitters imbalance but due to increasing cases of treatment failure there is a need to shift our treatment focus to other potential therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the preventive role of aspirin and metformin in stress induced model of depression in wistar rats.Methods: Fifty four wistar rats were randomly divided into nine groups as normal control, experimental control, aspirin (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg), metformin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg), two combination groups and imipramine (15 mg/kg). Depression model was created by the induction of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for consecutive 28 days. Behavioural assessment was done by evaluating immobility time in forced swim test (FST) and sucrose preference ratio (SPR) in sucrose preference test. The data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using SPSS software. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The CUMS led to an increase in immobility time and decrease in SPR. Aspirin and Metformin alone and their combinations showed statistically significant response in preventing the immobility time to increase (p<0.001) and SPR to decrease (p<0.001). However the response of Aspirin was comparable with Imipramine but the response of Metformin was not as significant as of Imipramine (p>0.05).Conclusions: Aspirin and metformin might have a potential role in the prevention of depression.
Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported at a tertiary care teaching hospital in northern India
Authors: Singh Arpita , Jain Atul , Soni Maneesh , Shukla Pooja , Lahon Joonmoni , Verma Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2020

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospital setup. This study was conducted with the aim of understanding the pattern and occurrence of ADRs to minimize their risk and safeguard public health.Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of pattern of ADRs reported at ADR monitoring centre (AMC) in a tertiary care hospital. A total of 207 spontaneous ADR reports collected over a period of 18 months were analysed for pattern and type of reactions, demographic profile of patients, organ system affected by ADRs, causative drugs, route of drug administration, severity of reaction, their outcome, management and causality assessment.Results: Most common age group affected by ADRs was 41-50 years with almost equal involvement of male and female gender. Cutaneous reactions involving skin like rashes and itching were most common ADRs. The most common causative drug for ADRs were antimicrobials agents like Penicillin and Cephalosporin group of antibiotics. Orally administered drugs were most commonly involved in causing ADRs. Most of the ADRs belonged to Type A category, were non-serious and moderate in severity. Most of the patients recovered from the ADRs on stopping the suspected drug. On assessing the causality, most of the ADRs were probable with the suspected drugs.Conclusions: Most of the patients recover from ADRs with appropriate and timely intervention, but it is important to understand the pattern and occurrence of ADRs for patient safety and this is possible only with an effective and robust pharmacovigilance system.
Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ocular infections at Regional Ophthalmic Institute in India
Authors: Nuzhat Qudsia , Bandyopadhyay Arkapal , Chaurasia Rakesh Chandra , Singh Satya P. , Singh Monica
Published: March 2020

Background: Ocular infections are a result of alteration in the normal microbial flora of eye. They are not only responsible for increase in morbidity varying from self-limiting trivial infection to sight threatening infection but also blindness.Methods: Patients with ocular infections were recruited at Regional Institute of Ophthalmology, Moti Lal Nehru Medical College, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh. Bacterial profile in ocular infections and susceptibility pattern to commonly used antibiotics were analyzed amongst these patients. The isolated organism was then identified by colony morphology, gram stain and biochemical test following which in vitro susceptibility test was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and interpreted clinically.Results: Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative Streptococcus were most common etiological agents of ocular infections in the present study.  It was observed that bacterial isolates were highly (in 100% of cases) susceptible to vancomycin and chloramphenicol among gram positive organisms. Gram negative organisms showed higher susceptibility to moxifloxacin, tobramycin and gentamycin. Pseudomonas was seen to have sensitivity towards ceftazidime and cefazolin.Conclusions: The present study gives an insight into use of ocular antimicrobials in northern India. These findings illustrate the need for constant bacterial surveillance before starting empirical treatment.
Abdominal sacrohysteropexy versus vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse in young women
Authors: Bhalerao Anuja V. , Duddalwar Vaidehi Ajay
Published: March 2020

Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is the descent of the pelvic organs beyond their anatomical confines. The definitive treatment of symptomatic prolapse is surgery but its management in young is unique due to various considerations. Aim of this study was to evaluate anatomical and functional outcome after abdominal sacrohysteropexy and vaginal hysterectomy for pelvic organ prolapse in young women.Methods: A total 27 women less than 35 years of age with pelvic organ prolapse underwent either abdominal sacrohysteropexy or vaginal hysterectomy with repair. In all women, pre-op and post-op POP-Q was done for evaluation of anatomical defect and a validated questionnaire was given for subjective outcome.Results: Anatomical outcome was significant in both groups as per POP-Q grading but the symptomatic outcome was better for sacrohysteropexy with regard to surgical time, bleeding, ovarian conservation, urinary symptoms, sexual function.Conclusions: Sacrohysteropexy is a better option.
Analysing trends in caesarean sections at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India: findings from a clinical audit using Robson criteria
Authors: Yerra Aruna Kumari , Khan Mohammed Ismail
Published: March 2020

Background: Caesarean section (CS) is a potentially life-saving surgery when performed for indicated reasons. The rates of CS deliveries have sky rocketed in the last few years. A CS does not come without complications and risk and therefore its trends in all institutes should be audited for ensuring optimization of obstetric care standards.Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of all the CS deliveries for 12 months and their categorization using the WHO recommended Robson ten group classification system; with an aim to evaluate and understand the indication for each CS performed in the institute. The Robson was further subclassified to closely understand the circumstances in which the CS was performed in each group.Results: In this study evaluated a total of 2831 deliveries out of which 1557 (55%) were CS births. Out of these CS births, 48.5% were indicated for emergency indications. Class 5, 1 and 10 were the main contributors to the CS rate with 50.6%, 19.3% and 10% contributions respectively. From a total of 799 patients with previous CS, only 12.1% could have a successful trial of scar. The most common indications documented for Group 1 was foetal distress, cephalo pelvic disproportion and prolonged labour, in decreasing order. Among the singleton pre-terms who had a CS, a majority (92.3%) were operated before the onset of labour.Conclusions: The audit helped to understand the trends of CS in the institute and helped in the realizing that all the CS in the institute has questionable indications. This led to implementation of clinical and administrative reforms to ensure a reduction in unnecessary CS being performed.
The use of NAAT- PCR to determine asymptomatic chlamydia and gonorrhoea infections in infertile patients undergoing hysterosalpingogram at the federal medical centre, Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria
Authors: Oriji Chibuzor P. , Kiridi Kelvin E. , Allagoa Dennis O. , Omietimi James E. , Orisabinone Idowu B. , Makinde Olakunle I. , Njoku Chidiebere
Published: March 2020

Background: The roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the aetiology of infertility due to tubal occlusion have been established by various studies. These organisms may lead to pelvic infection by ascending into the upper genital tract through any instrumentation like hysterosalpingography. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic chlamydial and gonorrhoeal infections of the genital tract among women being investigated for infertility referred for hysterosalpingography; the relationship of these infections with tubal pathologies; and if routine endo-cervical screening and prophylactic antibiotics be recommended for these patients.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of consecutive 220 infertile women that met the inclusion criteria for this study. Consent was obtained. Endo-cervical swab was taken for NAAT-PCR for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Hysterosalpingography was carried out. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 22).Results: Amongst the 220 women, 9 (4.1%) had asymptomatic chlamydia infection. None had gonorrhoea infection and 211 (95.9%) had none of these two organisms. Forty-eight (21.9%) of the 220 women had bilateral tubal blockage and 9 (18.8%) out of these 48 women had asymptomatic infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.Conclusions: There is a statistically significant association between tubal blockage and chlamydia infection (p = 0.00) [RR 4.31 (3.37-5.50)]. There was no evidence to recommend routine screening/antibiotics considering the low prevalence of microbes and the absence of post-HSG pelvic infection. Results from a multicenter randomized controlled trial will be more representative.
Study of intrapartum fetal distress with the help of cardiotocography and its correlation with umbilical cord blood sampling
Authors: Neeraja S. , Parimala Sugathi , Fathima Naima
Published: March 2020

Background: Even in low risk mothers, fetal acidosis occurs as in high risk groups. Aim of fetal monitoring is to detect early response to intrauterine hypoxia and prevent irreversible neurological damage and death. Objective of this study was to correlate the intrapartum fetal distress with the help of cardiotocography CTG with umbilical cord blood sampling.Methods: A total 100 consecutive patients attending the labor ward were studied. Immediately at birth, before the baby’s first breath and before delivery of the placenta, the umbilical cord blood was collected as per the standard guidelines laid down in the standard textbooks. Fetal acidosis was assessed by umbilical cord arterial blood pH. Fetal acidosis was considered when umbilical artery pH <7.2. Cardiotocography features were used to clinically diagnose fetal distress.Results: Most of the mothers were multigravida. They belonged to the age group of 20-25 years. Only 18% had abnormal CTG. Out of 50 mothers with normal vaginal delivery, all had normal CTG. Out of 43 mothers who were delivered by LSCS, no one had normal CTG, 25 had indeterminate CTG and 18 had abnormal CTG. As CTG became abnormal, proportion of mothers with the thick meconium increased. NICU admission proportion increased as CTG changed from normal to the abnormal. There was a significant association between the abnormal CTG and the umbilical cord blood pH being acidic.Conclusions: CTG is a simple test, easy to perform and can alert obstetrician for necessary interventions in case of an abnormal CTG. It can detect fetal distress in labor thus helping to reduce neonatal morbidity by early intervention in cases of abnormal tracing.
Study of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy: clinical presentation and outcome at tertiary care rural institute
Authors: Singh Jigyasa , Kumari Kalpana , Verma Vandana
Published: March 2020

Background: Platelet count below 1.5 lakh/cumm is called as thrombocytopenia. After anaemia it is the second most common haematological disorder in pregnancy. It affects nearly 6 to 15%; on an average 10% of all pregnancies. Gestational thrombocytopenia is a clinically benign thrombocytopenic disorder usually occurring in late pregnancy. It resolves spontaneously after delivery.Methods: It is a hospital based prospective observational study over a period of 1 year. All pregnant women who attended OPD at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, UPUMS, Saifai for antenatal checkup were included for the study and blood sample was withdrawn.Results: Out of 263 cases enrolled for study, 90 women were found to have thrombocytopenia, and 173 had normal platelet count. Thus, incidence of thrombocytopenia was 34%. Gestational thrombocytopenia accounted for majority of cases of thrombocytopenia in pregnancy (50%) followed by hypertensive disorders (22.4%). It was further followed by ITP (11.11%) and dengue (5.5%).Conclusions: Gestational thrombocytopenia is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy (50%), but other underlying causes must be considered as well. A thorough history and physical examination will rule out most causes.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in multiple versus singleton pregnancies in Dakar, Senegal: a cross sectional study over 10 years
Authors: Ndiaye Mame D. , Gueye Mamour , Diop Ndèye Aissatou , Ndour Simon B. , Niang Ndama , Fall Ndèye G. , Diakhate Abdoulaye , Diallo Moussa , Mbaye Magatte
Published: March 2020

Background: The birth of twins is a singular event in most societies, and even more when it comes to multiple births. The objective of this study was to investigate maternal and perinatal outcomes in multiple versus singleton pregnancies.Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out at Philippe Maguilen Senghor health center in Dakar, Senegal from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2019. Data were extracted from this E-perinatal electronic database and then analyzed in statistical package for social science software (SPSS 24, Mac version).Results: A total 42,870 mothers delivered 44,149 newborns including 1250 twins (2.8%) and 29 triplets. The mean maternal age was 27 years. Mothers with multiple pregnancies had 3 times the odds of poor maternal outcome compared to mothers with single pregnancies (OR 2.42, 95% CI; 1.98-2.94, p <0.001, for high blood pressure; OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 2.11-3.32, p= <0.001, for severe pre-eclampsia; and OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.64-5.66, p <0.001, for postpartum hemorrhage). Likewise, women with multiple gestations had significantly higher rates of preterm birth (OR 5.62; 95% CI: 4.91-6.41, p <0.001), breech presentations (OR = 11.02; CI = 9.68-12.53, p <0.001) and neonatal deaths (OR = 2.94; CI = 9.6852-12.5328 p= 0.004) as compared to women with singleton gestations. Furthermore, women with multifetal gestations had increased risk for caesarean section (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.91-2.41, p <0.001) compared with their singleton counterparts. The risks for episiotomy and perineal injuries were higher for women with singleton gestations as compared to multiple gestation mothers.Conclusions: This study results are in line with previous findings and contradict others. Particular attention should always be paid to multiple pregnancies’ management. However, the pattern of certain complications traditionally correlated with multiple pregnancies is to be confirmed.
Determinant factors of maternal near miss in selected health facilities of Berak Woreda, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia
Authors: Abdulrazaq Bilal , Getahun Mulusew , Mohammed Ahmed , Kedir Shemsu , Nurahmed Negash , Abrha Yemane , Mohammed Awad , Kura Zerihun
Published: March 2020

Background: Maternal near miss is one of the related concepts to maternal mortality where women survive merely by chance, luck, or by good hospital care. The present study was aimed to fill the prevailing knowledge gap on maternal near miss ratio and events and identify factors associated with near miss in selected health facilities of berak woreda. To determine associated factors of maternal near miss in selected health facilities of Berak woreda, Oromia national regional state, Ethiopia.  

Methods: Institutional based case control study was conducted in selected health facilities of barek woreda to asses determinant factors of maternal near miss among delivered women. Data of 1272 (344 cases and 928 controls) women were included in the analysis registered from 11 September 2014 to 30 March 2018. Cases were women due to severe acute maternal morbidity while controls were women for normal labor. Simple random sampling technique was used in the delivery unit. The data were collected using WHO standard tool. Data were entered using epi data version 3.1 and exported to SPSSV.20 for data analysis.  

Results: Majority of cases were due to obstructed labor 270 (78.8%) followed by hemorrhage 33 (9.6%), preeclampsia 29 (8.14%), abortion 6 (1.74%), anemia 3 (0.87%), congenital heart disease 2 (0.58%) and gestational infection 1 (0.29%).

Conclusions: Independent variables residence, duration of labor, ANC utilization, past obstetrics complication and number of live births were statistically significant with the outcome variable near miss. Maternal health policy needs to be concerned preventing major cause of near miss.
Pattern and treatment of Parkinson’s disease at different health care levels in Bangladesh: a hospital based survey
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Hossain M. Lokman , Parvin M. Nazma
Published: March 2020

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a condition in which part of the brain becomes progressively damaged over many years. This study represents the pattern of Parkinson’s disease and help to identify various drugs which are being used at different health care levels in Bangladesh.

Methods: Cross-sectional technique was applied as study design in this research work. We accessed the patients with formulated questionnaire of the Department of Neuroscience of National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital, Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) for data collection from January 2017 to August 2019. 100 patients were selected in the ages between 25-80 years, among them 66 were male and 34 females.  

Results: A total number of 100 Parkinson’s disease patients (male 66%, female 34%) were recruited for this study. Genetic factor (56%) is the main cause of PD found in this study. Among various symptoms, the prominent symptoms were voice disorders (96%), slowness of movement (90%), mask-like face expression (86%), tremor (80%), sensory and sleep difficulties (78%), excessive sweating (60%) and insomnia (56%). It was observed that along with physiotherapy, drugs used to manage PD were levodopa (14%), carbamazepine (12%), quetiapine (12%), haloperidol (11%), pramipexole (10%), trihexyphenidyl HCl (10%), carbidopa (8%), amlodipine (8%) and clonazepam (8%).

Conclusions: Disgrace exists in the personal life and social context of the PD patients which also unfavourably affects their psychosocial aspects of life. Our population-based data provide evidence for a protective effect of Parkinson’s disease in our country.