bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temozolomide Treatment Induces lncRNA MALAT1 in an NF-κB and p53 Codependent Manner in Glioblastoma
Authors: Voce David J. , Bernal Giovanna M. , Wu Longtao , Crawley Clayton D. , Zhang Wei , Mansour Nassir M. , Cahill Kirk E. , Szymura Szymon J. , Uppal Abhineet , Raleigh David R. , Spretz Ruben , Nunez Luis , Larsen Gustavo , Khodarev Nikolai N. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Yamini Bakhtiar
Published: April 2019

Alkylating chemotherapy is a central component of the management of glioblastoma (GBM). Among the factors that regulate the response to alkylation damage, NF-κB acts to both promote and block cytotoxicity. In this study, we used genome-wide expression analysis in U87 GBM to identify NF-κB–dependent factors altered in response to temozolomide and found the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MALAT1 as one of the most significantly upregulated. In addition, we demonstrated that MALAT1 expression was coregulated by p50 (p105) and p53 via novel κB- and p53-binding sites in the proximal MALAT1 coding region. Temozolomide treatment inhibited p50 recruitment to its cognate element as a function of Ser329 phosphorylation while concomitantly increasing p53 recruitment. Moreover, luciferase reporter studies demonstrated that both κB and p53 cis-elements were required for efficient transactivation in response to temozolomide. Depletion of MALAT1 sensitized patient-derived GBM cells to temozolomide cytotoxicity, and in vivo delivery of nanoparticle-encapsulated anti-MALAT1 siRNA increased the efficacy of temozolomide in mice bearing intracranial GBM xenografts. Despite these observations, in situ hybridization of GBM specimens and analysis of publicly available datasets revealed that MALAT1 expression within GBM tissue was not prognostic of overall survival. Together, these findings support MALAT1 as a target for chemosensitization of GBM and identify p50 and p52 as primary regulators of this ncRNA.

Significance:

These findings identify NF-κB and p53 as regulators of the lncRNA MALAT1 and suggest MALAT1 as a potential target for the chemosensitization of GBM.
Antagonism between HTRA3 and TGFβ1 Contributes to Metastasis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Jingya , Feng Mingxiang , Liu Dong , Liu Haixia , Shi Mengmeng , Zhang Jing , Qu Jieming
Published: April 2019

High temperature requirement A3 (HTRA3, long and short isoforms) is a member of the HtrA family and has been implicated as a tumor suppressor in cancer progression in multiple cancer types, yet its molecular functions in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not well understood. Here, we report that decreased levels of HTRA3 negatively correlate with elevated TGFβ1 in lung tumor tissue with metastasis. Furthermore, high expression of HTRA3 indicated better prognosis independent of TGFβ1 expression. In NSCLC cell lines, exogenous TGFβ1 significantly downregulated the level of HTRA3, especially the long isoform, during induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, c-Jun, which is elevated by TGFβ1, directly bound the promoter of HTRA3-L and inhibited its transcription. As a negative feedback loop, overexpression of HTRA3-L attenuated TGFβ1-mediated invasion-metastasis cascades via activation of SMAD2/3 and sensitized cells to anti-PD-L1 treatment. Taken together, our findings suggest that in the early stages of cancer, overexpressed HTRA3 acts as a brake on the oncogenic effects of TGFβ1 and inhibits tumor metastasis. In later stages, the role of HTRA3 is weakened and TGFβ1 efficiently promotes EMT in the absence of the HTRA3 brake.

Significance:

This study provides new mechanistic insight of the interaction between HTRA3 and TGFβ in lung cancer by illustrating that HTRA3 is a novel mediator acting as a suppressor of TGFβ1-related oncogenic effects.
The Effects of Cerebral Vasospasm on Cerebral Blood Flow and the Effects of Induced Hypertension: A Mathematical Modelling Study
Authors: Bhogal Pervinder , Yeo Leonard Leong , Müller Lucas O. , Blanco Pablo J.
Published: April 2019

Background: Induced hypertension has been used to promote cerebral blood flow under vasospastic conditions although there is no randomised clinical trial to support its use. We sought to mathematically model the effects of vasospasm on the cerebral blood flow and the effects of induced hypertension. Methods: The Anatomically Detailed Arterial Network (ADAN) model is employed as the anatomical substrate in which the cerebral blood flow is simulated as part of the simulation of the whole body arterial circulation. The pressure drop across the spastic vessel is modelled by inserting a specific constriction model within the corresponding vessel in the ADAN model. We altered the degree of vasospasm, the length of the vasospastic segment, the location of the vasospasm, the pressure (baseline mean arterial pressure [MAP] 90 mm Hg, hypertension MAP 120 mm Hg, hypotension), and the presence of collateral supply. Results: Larger decreases in cerebral flow were seen for diffuse spasm and more severe vasospasm. The presence of collateral supply could maintain cerebral blood flow, but only if the vasospasm did not occur distal to the collateral. Induced hypertension caused an increase in blood flow in all scenarios, but did not normalise blood flow even in the presence of moderate vasospasm (30%). Hypertension in the presence of a complete circle of Willis had a marginally greater effect on the blood flow, but did not normalise flow. Conclusion: Under vasospastic condition, cerebral blood flow varies considerably. Hypertension can raise the blood flow, but it is unable to restore cerebral blood flow to baseline.
Posttraining Knowledge Retention among Licensed Cupping Providers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Khalil Mohamed K.M. , El-Olemy Ahmed T. , Aboushanab Tamer Shaban , AlMudaiheem Abdullah , Hussein Asim Abdelmoneim , AlSanad Saud 
Published: April 2019

Background: One of the licensing requirements for cupping providers in Saudi Arabia is to attend a compulsory training course that lasts 5 days for non-physicians and 4 days for physicians, irrespective of any previous experience in cupping therapy. The course is conducted by the National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM/MOH). As a part of course auditing, the current study aimed to evaluate knowledge retention among licensed cupping providers 1–3 years after passing the official cupping course. Methods: Licensed cupping providers were invited to attend a continuing medical education activity. Sixty-two attended the continuing medical education activity. Before the event, participants were asked to answer 35 multiple-choice questions taken from the same data bank as the pretest and posttest of the course. The test scores were linked and compared with the pre- and posttest of the training course. Results: A paired t test showed significant differences between the pre- and posttest knowledge scores (mean difference: 224.6 ± 86, p = 0.0001) and between the posttest and follow-up knowledge scores (mean difference: –115.26 ± 103.9, p = 0.0001). The follow-up score was still significantly higher than the pretest score, with a mean difference of 112 (95% CI: 83.66–140.34, p = 0.0001). There was no significant effect of category (physician vs. non-physician) on knowledge retention after controlling for the postcourse score. Gender, the total duration of experience, and total years of experience in cupping did not affect knowledge score retention between the physicians and the non-physicians. Conclusion: The official cupping training course of the NCCAM/MOH achieved reasonable knowledge retention. To achieve long-term knowledge retention, refresher training/courses and continuous professional development will be required.
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Parotid: Very Close Margins and Adjuvant Radiotherapy
Authors: Zenga Joseph , Yu Zizi , Parikh Anuraag , Chen Jenny X. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin S. , Faquin William C. , Varvares Mark A. , Deschler Daniel G.
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: The importance of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients with close margin resections for mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland remains unclear. Methods: Patients who underwent parotidectomy for mucoepidermoid carcinoma with or without adjuvant radiotherapy at a single academic tertiary care center from 2000 to 2014 were identified. Included patients had negative but close (≤2 mm) surgical margins without other high-risk histopathological factors including advanced T-stage, positive nodal disease, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, or high-grade histology. Results: Nineteen patients were identified, of whom 15 (79%) were observed postoperatively, while 4 (21%) underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. There were no significant differences in extent of parotidectomy, elective neck dissection, T staging, or tumor size between patients who were observed and those undergoing adjuvant radiation. There were no locoregional or distant recurrences in any patients at a mean follow up 74.3 months. Patients undergoing adjuvant radiation, however, had significantly more intermediate-grade as compared to low-grade histology (75% vs. 13%, difference 62%, 95% CI 4% to 100%). Conclusions: Patients with negative but close (≤2 mm) surgical margins without other high-risk histopathological factors have excellent long-term locoregional control with surgery alone. The effects of adjuvant radiotherapy for those who have intermediate-grade disease remain uncertain.
Abdominal Displacement Ventilation: An Effective Intervention for Sedation-Induced Hypoxia
Authors: Meena Nikhil , Macchiarella Maggie , Caceres Jose Diego , Bartter Thaddeus
Published: April 2019

Background: Sedation for bronchoscopy at times causes hypoxia. The application of positive pressure ventilation for sedation-induced hypoxia often requires cessation of the bronchoscopy. In contrast, ventilation effected via cyclical abdominal compression, if effective, would allow bronchoscopy to proceed. Initial trials of abdominal displacement ventilation (ADV) proved successful. This report documents extended experience with ADV. Objective: To evaluate and report the efficacy and applicability of ADV in the setting of sedation-induced hypoxia for consecutive patients over an extended interval. Methods: Based upon its initial efficacy, ADV had been incorporated into the standard approach to sedation-induced hypoxia. We retrospectively reviewed all bronchoscopies performed by interventional pulmonary over a 12-month interval. Management and efficacy of every episode of sedation-induced hypoxia were documented. Results: Over the study interval, 893 bronchoscopies had been performed, with sedation-induced hypoxia occurring in 38 (4%). ADV was possible in 37 of the 38 patients. In every case, ADV was effective and allowed completion of the procedure. There were no adverse effects. Conclusion: ADV is a simple, effective, noninvasive approach to sedation-induced hypoxia that effects adequate ventilation and allows safe continuance of procedures.
The SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Might Be a New Approach for the Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chu Chang , Lu Yong-Ping , Yin Lianghong , Hocher Berthold
Published: April 2019

Three randomized control trials (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study, Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients [EMPA-REG OUTCOME], and Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58 [DECLARE-TIMI 58]) showed that the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, originally developed as glucose-lowering drugs, are associated with a lower rate of adverse renal outcomes, such as need for renal replacement therapy, doubling of serum creatinine, and loss of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to those in placebo groups. Besides, canagliflozin and empagliflozin also showed a lower risk of progression to macroalbuminuria. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial and DECLARE-TIMI 58 trial also indicated that these SGLT2 inhibitors might have beneficial effects on the prevention of acute kidney injury. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned of the risk of acute kidney injury for canagliflozin and dapagliflozin. We compared canagliflozin, empagliflozin, and dapagliflozin with respect to chemical structure and pharmacological properties, to explain the observed differences in preventing acute kidney injury, and put forward the hypotheses of the potential mechanisms of different effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on acute kidney injury. Given the raising clinical use of SGLT2 inhibitors, our review should stimulate further basic science and clinical studies in order to definitively understand the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in acute kidney injury. A weakness of the clinical data obtained so far is the fact that the statements concerning acute kidney injury are just based on safety data – mainly creatine measurements. However, given the mode of action of SGLT2 blockers, initiation of a therapy with a SGLT2 blocker will cause an increase of creatine because of its effects on the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanisms/glomerular hemodynamics like RAAS blocking agents do. To really understand the potential effects of SGLT2 inhibitors, we need preclinical and clinical SGLT2 inhibitor studies focusing on all aspects of acute kidney injury – not just changes in GFR biomarkers.
Impact of Micronutrient Status during Pregnancy on Early Nutrition Programming
Authors: Cetin Irene , Bühling Kai , Demir Cansun , Kortam Ashraf , Prescott Susan L. , Yamashiro Yuichiro , Yarmolinskaya Maria , Koletzko Berthold
Published: April 2019

Background: Nutrition status prior to conception and during pregnancy and infancy seems to have an influence on the disease risk in adulthood (early nutrition/developmental programming). We aimed to review the current knowledge on the role of micronutrients in early nutrition programming and its implications for healthcare. Summary of Findings: Globally and even in high-income countries where a balanced diet is generally accessible, an inadequate maternal micronutrient status is common. This may induce health problems in the mother and foetus/newborn both immediately and in later life. Pregnant women and those who may become pregnant should aim to achieve a satisfactory micronutrient status from a well-balanced diet, and where necessary from additional supplements. Key Messages: We emphasise the need for a call to action for healthcare providers and policymakers to better educate women of child-bearing age regarding the short- and long-term benefits of an appropriate micronutrient status. The role of micronutrient status in early nutrition programming needs to be emphasized more to address the still limited awareness of the potential long-term health repercussions of suboptimal micronutrient supply during pregnancy.
Automatism, Autonomy and Aesthetics in the Performing Arts
Authors: Couchot Edmond
Published: April 2019

Current technologies available to artists are of unprecedented complexity and variety compared with conventional techniques. They have enabled creators, in particular those in the performing arts, to familiarize themselves with robots, avatars, virtual characters and other “intelligent agents.” As diverse as they are, these technologies use computer models inspired from life and intelligence.
Austronea patersoniae (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae), a new species from the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-AZORÍN MARIO , DOLD ANTHONY P. , CRESPO MANUEL B.
Published: April 2019

Our fieldwork in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa revealed an undescribed species of Austronea which was named by Schonland as “Urginea Patersoniae Schonl. Ms.”, but never validly published. We here describe Austronea patersoniae to include plants showing bulbs with loose scales; 5–9 narrowly linear erect leaves with papillate margins; elongate peduncle; lowermost bracts with a broad, flat, papery spur and reddish flowers with papillate filaments. We provide a complete morphological description as well as data on ecology and distribution.
Validation of the combination Gymnosphaera gigantea (Cyatheaceae).
Authors: DONG SHI-YONG
Published: April 2019

The genus Gymnosphaera was originally established by Blume (1828) for two tree ferns from Java, Indonesia with naked sori and globular receptacles. It was emended by Copeland (1947) to contain tree ferns characterized by dark axes and exindusiate sori which were dorsal on simple veinlets. Holttum (1963) argued to adopt only one genus, Cyathea Smith (1793: 416), to contain all Malaysian species and proposed a subdivision of Cyathea into two subgenera, with each containing two sections. Gymnosphaera was treated as a section under C. subgen. Cyathea and was circumscribed as “stipe-scales flabelloid, sori indusiate, axes very dark, and fertile and sterile pinnules usually very dimorphous” (Holttum 1963). In modern classifications of Cyatheaceae, Gymnosphaera was considered as either a separate genus (e.g., Smith et al. 2006) or a synonym of Alsophila R. Brown (1810: 158) (e.g., PPG I 2016). Molecular data, however, strongly supported Gymnosphaera to be a distinct group from Alsophila (Korall et al. 2007, Korall & Pryer 2014, Dong & Zuo 2018). Considering the remarkable divergence from Alsophila in molecular phylogeny, morphology, and sporogenetic mechanism, Gymnosphaera was formally reinstated as a distinct genus (Dong & Zuo 2018). According to Dong & Zuo (2008), there are 43 taxa (39 species, one subspecies, and three varieties) currently known in Gymnosphaera.
The genus Eremiothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Iran, with one new species
Authors: MINAEI KAMBIZ
Published: April 2019

Eremiothrips bhattii sp.n. is described from Fars province, Iran. Three other species of this genus that have previously beenrecorded from other parts of Iran, E. similis Bhatti, E. taghizadehi (zur Strassen) and E. varius (Bhatti) are reported from Fars province for the first time. A key is provided for identification of the Iranian Eremiothrips species based on males.
Revision of the type series of Empis (Planempis) mandarina Frey, the type species of Planempis (Diptera: Empididae)
Authors: SAIGUSA TOYOHEI
Published: April 2019

The type series of Empis (Planempis) mandarina Frey, 1953, the type species of Planempis Frey, from Fukien (Fujian), Chinaand Kambaiti, Myanmar is revised and found to include four species. The lectotype is designated for a Fukien male specimen.Two other species, E. (Planempis) lindebergi sp. nov. and E. (Planempis) janssoni sp. nov. are described based on a male syn-type, and a male and three female syntypes from Kambaiti, respectively. A species represented by females from Fukien is not conspecific with any of these species and remains unnamed.
New European bee species of the tribe Osmiini (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Megachilidae)
Authors: MÜLLER ANDREAS
Published: April 2019

Bees of the tribe Osmiini (Megachilidae) are represented by about 230 described species in Europe. In this publication, 15 newEuropean osmiine bee species are described and diagnosed: Hoplitis (Alcidamea) occidentalis spec. nov., Hoplitis (Anthocopa)peniculifera spec. nov., Hoplitis (Hoplitis) hilbera spec. nov., Hoplitis (Hoplitis) lithodorae spec. nov. and Hoplitis manuelaespec. nov. from Spain; Chelostoma (Chelostoma) siciliae spec. nov. from Sicily; Chelostoma (Foveosmia) incognitum spec.nov., Chelostoma (Foveosmia) longifacies spec. nov., Chelostoma (Gyrodromella) aegaeicum spec. nov., Hoplitis (Annosmia)monticola spec. nov., Hoplitis (Anthocopa) nicolaei spec. nov., Hoplitis (Anthocopa) serainae spec. nov. and Protosmia (Nano-smia) montana spec. nov. from Greece; Chelostoma (Chelostoma) comosum spec. nov. from Cyprus; and Hoplitis (Anthocopa) caucasicola spec. nov. from the Caucasus.
New subgenus and new species of marine benthic ostracods of genus Doloria (Ostracoda; Myodocopina) from the Southern Ocean
Authors: CHAVTUR VLADIMIR G. , BRANDÃO SIMONE N. , BASHMANOV ALEXANDER G.
Published: April 2019

The project ANDEEP was designed to fill gaps in the knowledge of the biodiversity of the Southern Ocean deep sea. Threeoceanographic cruises (ANDEEP I, II and III) were undertaken in 2002 and 2005 in the Atlantic Sector of the SouthernOcean. Hundreds of samples were collected from 40 stations with water depths ranging from 748 to 6,348 m. Investiga-tions were carried out on a broad range of taxa, including bacteria, meio-, macroand megafauna. Approximately 5000ostracods were collected, which included 29 specimens of Doloria (Dolorietta) subgen. nov.The subdivision of the genus Doloria Skogsberg, 1920 into two subgenera, Doloria (Doloria) and the novel subgenusDoloria (Dolorietta), is based on differences in the structures of the fifth limb, the armature of the sensory bristle on the5th segment of the antennula, and the number of bristles on the 4th endite of the sixth limb. Four new species in the newsubgenus were identified from the ANDEEP samples. The new subgenus and the four novel species are described andillustrated. Two of these new species are named Doloria (Dolorietta) antarctica sp. nov. and Doloria (Dolorietta) sextafiliformis sp. nov., but the other two species are left in open nomenclature (i.e. Doloria (Dolorietta) sp. nov. 1 and Doloria(Dolorietta) sp. nov. 2) because only juveniles were found in our material. Keys to the subgenera and species of Doloria are provided.
The Stenchaetothrips species (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) of Malaysia, with one new species
Authors: NG Y. F. , MOUND L. A.
Published: April 2019

Four species of Stenchaetothrips are here recorded from Peninsular Malaysia. These are S. biformis, the widespread ricethrips, S. hullikali, known only from Karnataka in Southwest India, S. indicus, a widespread species on grasses, and S.langkawiensis sp. nov., described here from Langkawi Island, West Malaysia. Species descriptions, photographs and an identification key are provided.
Ultra-small RFID p-Chips on the heads of entomological pins provide an automatic and durable means to track and label insect specimens
Authors: JOLLEY-ROGERS G. , YEATES D. K. , CROFT J. , CAWSEY E. M. , SUTER P. , WEBB J. , MORRIS R. G. , QIAN Z. , RODRIGUEZ E. , MANDECKI W.
Published: April 2019

A new, ultra-small, light-activated microtransponder ("p-Chip") has been integrated into the heads of entomological pins toimprove efficiency in collections management and research through radio frequency identification (RFID) of insect specimens.These specimens are typically small, fragile, numerous and especially difficult to track. Globally, the majority are not currentlyrecorded in any database. The application of unique identifiers has previously proven time consuming and difficult. Permanentand integral to the specimen, each p-Chip transmits a unique serial number allowing tracking without contact and reducing therisk of damage to specimens and repetitive strain injuries (RSI) in curators. The p-Chips and the specimens they tag can belinked immediately to biodiversity web services and collections databases. Specimens can be rapidly assigned to groupings asthey are sorted and their taxonomic identity refined; and accurately tracked through high throughput methods and analyses.Quite importantly, with the p-Chips, the profile of the pin head is unchanged, and there is no discernible tactile difference fromstandard entomological pins. We also describe how p-Chips can be retro-fitted to provide complete compendia of legacy samples.
A revision of the American spider genus Strotarchus Simon, 1888 (Araneae: Dionycha, Systariinae)
Authors: BONALDO ALEXANDRE B. , SATURNINO REGIANE , RAMÍREZ MARTÍN J. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D.
Published: April 2019

The genus Strotarchus Simon, 1888 is characterised for 18 species occurring from United States to Brazil. Seven previouslyknown species are redescribed: S. nebulosus Simon, 1888, the type species; S. praedator (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1898); S. pis-catorius (Hentz, 1847); S. violaceus F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899; S. minor Banks, 1909; S. tropicus (Mello-Leitão, 1917)and S. planeticus Edwards, 1958. Eleven new species are described: S. monasticus n. sp., S. mazamitla n. sp., S. tamaulipas n.sp., S. tlaloc n. sp., S. jacala n. sp., S. bolero n. sp. and S. michoacan n. sp. from Mexico; S. silvae n. sp. and S. urarina n. sp.from Peru; S. beepbeep n. sp. from United States and S. gandu n. sp. from Brazil. The male of S. minor and the female of S. tropicus are described for the first time.
Redescription of Parapercis rufa Randall, 2001, a replacement name for P. rosea Fourmanoir, 1985, based on specimens newly collected from southern Taiwan
Authors: HO HSUAN–CHING , CAUSSE ROMAIN
Published: April 2019

The red sandperch Parapercis rufa Randall, 2001 is redescribed on the basis of three specimens newly collected fromTaiwan that represent the second record of the species and first record from Taiwan. The species is now redefined as aspecies of Parapercis with a large black spot with whitish rim above the pectoral-fin base, upper lobe of caudal fin witha prolongation extending about 1.0–1.5 times orbital diameter posterior to rear fin margin, and a combination of coloration and morphometric and meristic data.
Phallostethus cuulong, a new species of priapiumfish (Actinopterygii: Atheriniformes: Phallostethidae) from the Vietnamese Mekong
Authors: SHIBUKAWA KOICHI , TRAN DINH DAC , TRAN LOI XUAN
Published: April 2019

A new species of priapiumfish, Phallostethus cuulong, is described based on nine specimens collected from the Vietnam-ese Mekong. This is the third species of the genus, following the type species P. dunckeri (from Malay peninsula) and P.lehi (from northwestern Borneo), and distinguished from them by having: seven serrae on the second ctenactinium in adultmales (vs. five in P. dunckeri and eight in P. lehi); 25–26 caudal vertebrae (vs. 27 in P. dunckeri and 28 in P. lehi); approx-imately 5–19 teeth on paradentary (vs. 15–20 and 28 or more in P. dunckeri and P. lehi, respectively). All six examinedmales are dextral (vs. one and two known males are sinistral and dextral respectively in P. dunckeri, and all four knowmales are sinistral in P. lehi). Sexual dimorphism is also found in the number of precaudal vertebrae, i.e., 13–14 in males and 11–12 in females (vs. sexual dimorphism is not found in number of precaudal vertebrae of P. dunckeri and P. lehi).
What is a nematode?
Authors: ZULLINI ALDO
Published: April 2019

In their classic book “An Introduction to Nematology” Chitwood & Chitwood (1950) wrote (1): “Having briefly considered the history of general nematology, the question naturally arises, “What is a nematode?”. In answering this question it is necessary first to designate a nematode as a triploblastic, bilaterally symmetric, unsegmented, non-coelomate animal of the Series Scolecida Huxley, 1865”. Actually, definition of taxa is not an easy task, because monothetic characters are rare, as polythetic traits are more common and evident, albeit of probabilistic value. To highlight this problem, the following paradoxical but empirically correct diagnosis of the taxon Nematoda is given.
Two new ‘Asura-like’ Cyana Walker, 1854 from Africa (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V.
Published: April 2019

Cyana Walker, 1854 is one of the most species-rich genera within the tribe Lithosiini Billberg of the subfamily Arctiinae Leach, family Erebidae Leach. The genus is widely distributed in tropics of Africa and Madagascar, south of the Arabian Peninsula, South and East Asia (including Russian Far East, Korean Peninsula and Japan), New Guinea and Australia. The African fauna was recently revised by Karisch (2013). In his revision, Karish offered a subdivision of the genus into 24 subgenera based on the differences in venation, configuration of androconial forewing lobes in males, pattern and genitalia structure.
Sponge (Porifera) fauna of Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island, Canada with the description of an Iophon rich sponge garden
Authors: DINN CURTIS , EDINGER EVAN , LEYS SALLY P.
Published: April 2019

The deep-water sponge fauna of the Canadian Arctic remains to be fully described, particularly in areas that are not sampled by fisheries stock-assessment trawl surveys such as the major bays and fjords of the northern Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay. Frobisher Bay is a large inlet located on the southeast of Baffin Island. We used a remotely operated vehicle, as well as box cores and Agassiz trawls to study the sponge fauna of this bay. Over three years, from 2015 to 2017, sponge specimens were collected representing 24 distinct sponge taxa. Dense gardens of Iophon koltuni Morozov, Sabirov, & Zimina, 2019 were discovered at a site near Hill Island in inner Frobisher Bay. The species has a unique finger-like growth form and provides complex habitat in the inner bay. Other sponge species are new to the Northern Labrador marine ecoregion. In particular, we report geographic range extensions of Tetilla sibirica (Fristedt, 1887) and Craniella polyura (Schmidt, 1870), and provide spicule measurements and descriptions of Iophon piceum (Vosmaer, 1882) and Mycale lingua (Bowerbank, 1866). These species identifications, geographic range extensions, and an expanded description of a species synonym represent the first inventory of the sponge fauna of Frobisher Bay.
A Group Visit for High-Risk Pediatric Asthma Patients: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Improve Asthma Care
Authors: Fallon Margaret , Haynes Linda , Cadet Tatiana , Petrosino Sheila , Cazeau Esther , Solis Jessica , Cox Joanne , Wu Ann Chen , Holder-Niles Faye F.
Published: April 2019

Introduction. Asthma disproportionately affects poor and minority children. Limited parental knowledge and confidence in asthma management, as well as stress from chronic illness, may contribute to poor outcomes. Novel approaches for providing care are essential for this vulnerable population. Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and impact of an asthma group visit for high-risk children. Methods. Our primary care practice cares for more than 2600 children with asthma. The majority have public insurance. Children classified as high risk (≥1 asthma-related emergency department visit/hospitalization in the preceding 2 years) were eligible. Children received brief physical examinations, medication review, and updated Asthma Action Plans. Educational sessions were held for children and parents. Pre and post surveys were used to assess parents’ experience and changes in confidence in asthma management. Results. Twenty children and their parents participated. Mean parent confidence scores (5-point Likert-type scale, 5 indicating greatest confidence) improved in managing their child’s asthma symptoms (3.60, 4.40, P ≤ .005), managing their child’s asthma medications (3.85, 4.30, P ≤ .005), using their child’s Asthma Action Plan (3.79, 4.45, P ≤ .02), communicating with the school about their child’s food allergies (4.32, 4.72, P ≤ .03), and helping their child relax to reduce emotional triggers of asthma (3.25, 4.47, P ≤ .01). All families reported that they would return to a group visit. Conclusion. Group visits are feasible for providing care, education, and peer support to a vulnerable population. Parents expressed satisfaction and improved confidence in aspects of asthma management. Group visits have the potential to improve asthma outcomes for high-risk families.
Electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation studies of biocomposites based on green microcrystalline cellulose-reinforced vinyl resin matrix
Authors: Kreit L , Bouknaitir I , Zyane A , Hasnaoui M El , Achour M E , Costa L C , Belfkira A
Published: April 2019

The dielectric properties of biocomposite materials based on vinyl resin filled with microcrystalline cellulose, in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from 280 to 400 K, are presented. Two dielectric relaxations were identified. The first one is attributed to the α-relaxation, associated with the glass transition of biocomposite, and the second one, appearing above the glass transition and at low frequencies, was identified as the interfacial polarization effect, which is attributed to the accumulation of charges at the cellulose microcrystalline/matrix interface. Furthermore, the thermal analysis of their relaxation frequency and the electrical conductivity behaviors showed that the activation energy of these composite is more pronounced for the temperatures above the glass transition temperature, suggesting that the interaction between MCC particles and polymeric matrix became significant with the increase of temperature.
Attitudes and Knowledge About Learning Disabilities: A Comparison Between Arabic- and Hebrew-Speaking University Students
Authors: Shecter-Lerner Michal , Lipka Orly , Khouri Marlyn
Published: April 2019

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the number of students with specific learning disabilities (SLD) in postsecondary institutions. The current study investigated attitudes toward and knowledge about SLD among students from different cultural and educational backgrounds. The study included 113 students (63 Arabic speakers and 50 Hebrew speakers) working toward bachelor’s degrees in different faculties and departments at a university in northern Israel. Findings indicated that both Arabic- and Hebrew-speaking students had some knowledge regarding SLD and agreed with positive statements about SLD. However, Arabic-speaking students reported having less contact with individuals with SLD than did Hebrew-speaking students. Additionally, Arabic-speaking students reported less knowledge regarding the competence of students with SLD and were more willing to support and provide assistance to these students. Both groups revealed insufficient understanding of the essence of SLD. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Administrative restructuring and urban development in China: Effects of urban administrative level upgrading
Authors: Wang Jiejing , Yeh Anthony GO
Published: April 2019

This study focuses on state-led urbanisation in the Chinese context by examining the effects of urban administrative level upgrading on urbanisation and urban development. We argue that urban administrative level upgrading is an important policy instrument in China that empowers cities to play a leading role in driving national and regional economic development. However, there is a lack of systematic empirical investigation to determine whether the objectives of urban administrative level upgrading have been achieved. Using a quasi-experimental method that combines propensity score matching with the difference-in-difference approach, we thoroughly examine the effects of county- to prefecture-level city upgrading and county to county-level city upgrading on the development performance of cities. The results confirm that county- to prefecture-level city upgrading can positively lead to a significant increase in urban population growth and fiscal revenue in a few years after upgrading, although this may not necessarily lead to rapid industrialisation. However, the same is not true for county to county-level city upgrading. This difference may be because counties and county-level cities are at the same administrative level, whilst prefecture-level cities are at a higher administrative level compared with county-level cities and counties. The results indicate that China’s administrative division system, although restructured, retains hierarchical and level-based structure in the post-reform period. We highlight the continuing strategic role of the Chinese state by establishing new scales and arenas and adjusting administrative structures to promote urban development.
Is Involved Fatherhood Possible? Structural Elements Influencing the Exercise of Paternity in Spain and Norway
Authors: Miguel Begoña Elizalde-San , Gandasegui Vicente Díaz , Gorfinkiel Magdalena Díaz
Published: April 2019

This article analyses the different ways in which fatherhood is exercised in Spain and Norway. Family transformations and the redefinition of social roles assigned to men and women have brought changes in the meanings ascribed to paternity by Western societies. The two countries analyzed have undergone these changes in different ways, as they reflect different social interpretations about fathering, dissimilar participation of women in the labor market and diverse development of family policies. The aim of the article is therefore to analyze the structural elements that shape the behavior of fathers in Spain and Norway. Methodological triangulation was applied, combining in-depth interviews in both countries with a quantitative analysis of the main databases within this area. The empirical analysis is undertaken within the structural theory perspective, which takes into account the existence of elements external to the families which influence the distribution of work within the private sphere.
Surgical Outcomes for the Treatment of Velopharyngeal Insufficiency in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Bohm Lauren A. , Miller Jessa E. , Morrell Noëlle , Sidman James D. , Roby Brianne B.
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to compare outcomes of concomitant palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty with pharyngeal flap and sphincter pharyngoplasty alone for the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Thirty‐one cases were identified for inclusion in the study. Patients were separated into 3 surgical groups: combined palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty (n = 11), pharyngeal flap (n = 7), and sphincter pharyngoplasty (n = 13). Outcome measures included perceptual speech analyses, surgical complications, and revision rates. There were no differences in preoperative speech analysis scores (P =. 31). The combined palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty procedure had similar speech outcomes compared to pharyngeal flap, and both were significantly better than sphincter pharyngoplasty alone. Complication rates (P =. 61) and the need for revision surgery (P =. 25) were similar among all 3 groups. Concomitant palatoplasty and sphincter pharyngoplasty may be an alternative treatment for velopharyngeal insufficiency in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.
Christian Witness in the Middle East
Authors: van Saane Wilbert
Published: April 2019

This contribution discusses the reception to and relevance of ‘Christian witness in a multi-religious world’ in the Middle East. After a brief survey of the reception and some comments on the Arabic translation of the document, it argues that the guidelines offered in ‘Christian witness’ are especially relevant with regard to intra-Christian proselytism, relief and development work, and religious freedom and conversion.
Older adults’ empathy and daily support exchanges
Authors: Huo Meng , Fuentecilla Jamie L. , Birditt Kira S. , Fingerman Karen L.
Published: April 2019

Older adults’ empathy may shape the frequency and types of support that they exchange with their social partners as well as the implications of these exchanges. This study drew on the Daily Experiences and Well-being Study, which included adults aged 65 and over and tracked them across 5–6 days using mobile phone surveys. Participants ( n = 293) rated their empathy and reported their daily support exchanges (e.g., emotional support, instrumental support, advice) as well as mood. Findings showed that more empathic older adults provided each type of support more often. They also received more emotional support than less empathic older adults. Moreover, older adults’ empathy moderated the associations between providing support and their daily mood. More empathic older adults maintained their mood regardless of whether they provided support. By contrast, less empathic older adults reported reduced positive mood on days when they provided emotional support and increased positive mood when they provided instrumental support. Greater empathy is associated with more frequent support exchanges; however, more empathic older adults appear immune to such exchanges in terms of their mood. Interestingly, less empathic older adults may find providing emotional support draining but instrumental support rewarding, probably because they are less equipped to cope with others’ emotions.
Validating Drug Court Collaboration Instrument: Differences in Model Adherence Between Adult and Juvenile Drug Courts
Authors: Mei Xiaohan , van Wormer Jacqueline G. , Lu Ruibin , Abboud Mia J. , Lutze Faith E.
Published: April 2019

Drug courts aim to significantly address drug abuse and drug-related criminality. However, the effectiveness of drug courts varies from court to court. The variation of success demands insights regarding what is going on inside the “black box” of drug court practices. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate to what extent drug courts are operated in adherence with guiding principles and strategies. Using a national sample and validated measures, the current article examines the “black boxes” of adult and juvenile drug courts across the country. We found that, in general, adult drug courts face less model adherence challenges in comparison with juvenile courts, which may, in part, explain why adult drug courts perform better than juvenile drug courts overall.
The uneven geographies of post-political planning: Objections to urban regeneration projects in peripheral and central Israeli cities
Authors: Margalit Talia , Kemp Adriana
Published: April 2019

This article probes the Israeli ‘Clearance and Construction’ urban regeneration programme, which encourages apartment owners nationwide to turn their old dwellings into new tower-clusters. By comparing distinct planning communications on such projects, we aim to contribute a class-related perspective to the debate on post-politics in planning. Planning literature addresses the neutralizing effects of the neoliberal ethos on urban regeneration, highlighting the techniques through which planners dismiss community needs, use values and local voices. We respond to scholars calling for more nuanced perspectives by analysing a dataset of objection hearings in different cities, tracing how planners present their decisions and advance projects, and how different social groups accept and/or reject planners’ rationale. Our findings point to two main outcomes: first, we show that most participants accept the entrepreneurial rationale but their discourse often mixes acceptance with dissent; second, we show that such mixed discourses vary across locations and reflect socio-spatial distinctions. The more affluent participants objected more and highlighted use values and the public interest, yet their discourse largely echoed planners’ discourses. Conversely, the poorer objectors, who focused on exchange values, disrupted the consensual planning order by highlighting their own hopes and personal struggles. Who, then, were more submissive to neoliberal ethos? These results, we argue, call for a nuanced analysis of current planning relations. We argue that such analysis should specifically look at synchronization between consensual planning and co-optation, dissent and socio-spatial deviation.
The Potential Importance of Housing Type for Older People’s Physical Activity Levels
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Rai Rajni , Jongenelis Michelle I. , Jackson Ben , Beck Belinda , Newton Robert U.
Published: April 2019

Limited research has investigated the effect of housing type on older people’s physical activity, and the small amount of work to date has relied on self-reported activity levels. The aim of this study was to assess whether housing type is associated with objectively measured physical activity among community-dwelling older people. In total, 430 Australians aged 60 years and older completed a survey and wore an accelerometer for a week. Controlling for a range of confounding variables (age, gender, physical health, neighborhood walkability, and the density of open spaces in the local area), participants living in separate houses were found to engage in higher levels of activity compared with those living in retirement villages. In addition, those living in separate houses and apartments were significantly more likely to meet the physical activity guideline of 150+ min/week compared with those living in retirement villages.
An investigation on wind/PV/fuel cell/battery hybrid renewable energy system for nursing home in Istanbul
Authors: Dursun Bahtiyar , Aykut Ercan
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a techno-economic analysis of hybrid renewable energy systems to supply the electrical load requirements of the nursing home located in Istanbul, Turkey. The standalone hybrid renewable energy systems (Photovoltaic (PV)/wind/fuel cell/electrolyzer, PV/fuel cell/electrolyzer, and wind/fuel cell/electrolyzer, etc.) considered in the analysis were comprised of different combinations of PV panels, fuel cells, and wind turbines supplemented with hydrogen storage. In this study, the Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources (HOMER) software is used as the assessment tool to determine the optimal configuration of hybrid renewable energy systems taking total net present cost and cost of energy into consideration. As a result, it is determined that the optimal system configuration of standalone wind/PV/fuel cell/electrolyzer hybrid renewable energy systems with the lowest total net present cost consists of 30 kW PV panel, 20 kW wind turbine, 20 kW fuel cell, 20 kW power converter, 50 kW electrolyzer, 20 kW rectifier, and 100 kg hydrogen tank. Besides, the net present cost and cost of energy of the optimum configuration are calculated to be $607,298 and $1.306/kWh, respectively. The system is considered as completely renewable. When wind speed and solar radiation values increase, then the cost of energy decrease about $0.979/kWh.
Late-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes at Lake Esmeralda (Vega Island, Antarctic Peninsula) based on a multi-proxy analysis of laminated lake sediment
Authors: Píšková Anna , Roman Matěj , Bulínová Marie , Pokorný Matěj , Sanderson David , Cresswell Alan , Lirio Juan Manuel , Coria Silvia Herminda , Nedbalová Linda , Lami Andrea , Musazzi Simona , Van de Vijver Bart , Nývlt Daniel , Kopalová Kateřina
Published: April 2019

We have studied laminated sediments from Lake Esmeralda, Vega Island, in order to reconstruct its history. We describe both inorganic and organic components of the sediment using a combination of the following analytical methods: x-ray fluorescence (XRF), x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility measurement, chemical analysis for determination of cation exchange capacity, grain size determination, geochemical analyses (total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), total sulphur (TS)), spectrophotometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and diatom assemblage and faunal remains characterization. The geochronology of the core was based on modelling optically stimulated luminescence ages and supported by laminae counting. The dating results imply a maximum age of ~400 years for the 177-cm long core and a period covered of ~200 years, suggesting (quasi-)annual laminae formation. Such a young age contradicts previous findings based on radiocarbon dating. Geomorphological evidence indicates that river capture isolated the lake catchment from upslope sediment delivery, effectively terminating accumulation ~230 years ago. Conversely, our short-term palaeoenvironmental record yields a subdecadal temporal resolution, which is unparalleled in comparison with other Antarctic palaeolimnological studies. Our interpretations of the geochemical and mineralogical proxy data give us insight into the past lake catchment and waterbody evolution, and lead us to recognize periods of enhanced weathering, bottom anoxia and to distinguish major lake level changes.