bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thidiazuron and Ethyl-trinexapac Affect Upland Rice Irrigated by Sprinkler Irrigation
Authors: Buzo Fernando de Souza , Arf Orivaldo , Garé Lucas Martins , Meirelles Flávia Constantino , Garcia Nayara Fernanda Siviero , Portugal José Roberto , Pissolito Paulo Henrique , Gato Isabela Martins Bueno , Bassi Marco Henrique Malheiros , Takasu Anderson Teruo
Published: December 2018

Rice is a prominent crop in Brazil. Its cultivation predominates in flooded areas in the South region of the country. However, the upland rice grown in the Midwest Region is a viable option for a sustainable expansion in the country. It still results in a grain yield lower than that of flooded cultivation, and there are constant problems with crop lodging, especially in areas using sprinkler irrigation. Thus, new ways to increase grain yield and minimize upland rice lodging are critical. The objective of this study is to verify the effects of thidiazuron and ethyl-trinexapac on the rice culture and verify whether the simultaneous use of both results in a beneficial interaction. The work was carried out in Selvíria, MS, using the cultivar BRS Esmeralda in the agricultural years 2015/16 and 2017/18. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a 2 × 4 factorial design with four replications. The treatments were combinations of application of the plant regulator thidiazuron at a fixed dose of 1.0 g ha-1 (presence or absence) and four doses of the growth regulator ethyl-trinexapac (0, 50, 100 and 150 g ha-1). Thidiazuron did not affect grains yield. Ethyl-trinexapac reduced plant height and eliminated lodging. The simultaneous use of both regulators did not affect the rice culture regarding the analyzed variables.
Arrêt ou stop ? Retour sur près d’un siècle de débat dans la presse écrite au Québec
Authors: Vincent Nadine
Published: December 2018

Cet article retrace les débats dont le panneau d’arrêt obligatoire a été l’objet dans les journaux francophones québécois, depuis son apparition vers 1920 jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Dès le départ, l’ajout du mot arrêt au mot stop a paru redondant à certains chroniqueurs linguistiques, irrités de voir le Québec se différencier de la France sur la question. Le Québec marquait alors son appartenance aux Amériques, où les autres peuples de langue romane ont aussi opté pour d’autres mots que stop pour indiquer l’arrêt obligatoire. Par la suite, l’imposition du seul mot arrêt après l’adoption de la Charte de la langue française en 1977 a relancé la polémique, ajoutant aux enjeux linguistiques des enjeux politiques et, aux positions des chroniqueurs, celles d’autres acteurs de la société. Au fil du temps, le panneau P-10 a été au coeur de jeux de coulisses aussi bien que d’échanges enflammés sur la place publique, et est aujourd’hui devenu une signature identitaire, d’abord du Québec francophone, mais aussi des autres nations habitant le territoire québécois et, par extension, de la francophonie nord-américaine hors Québec. La controverse autour d’arrêt/stop a d’ailleurs valeur de symbole dans le débat sur la langue au Québec et est, à ce titre, encore régulièrement évoquée dans les journaux.
Points de vue des adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme à l’égard de leur participation sociale
Authors: Gagnon Marie , Milot Élise
Published: December 2018

Plusieurs adultes présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) reçoivent des services en soutien à leur intégration dans la société. Par contre, des experts mettent en lumière la présence d’inadéquations entre leurs besoins et les services reçus, ce qui complique l’exercice d’une participation sociale pleine et entière. À cet égard, 11 adultes, dont le profil réfère à un haut niveau de fonctionnement social ou au syndrome d’Asperger, âgés de 19 à 32 ans ont été interrogés lors d’une recherche qualitative, sur ce qui facilite et fait obstacle à leur participation sociale. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été réalisées et retranscrites avant de faire l’objet d’une analyse thématique de contenu. Le cadre théorique choisi, le Modèle du développement humain - Processus de production du handicap 2 (MDH-PHH 2), a guidé l’analyse des données. Les résultats mettent en lumière les points de vue généralement hétérogènes des participants à l’égard des obstacles et des facilitateurs rencontrés dans l’atteinte de leurs objectifs de participation sociale. Les relations interpersonnelles, l’éducation et le travail ressortent comme des domaines centraux à leur participation sociale. De plus, les participants se sont exprimés sur les services reçus, lesquels peuvent être mal adaptés ou, au contraire, favoriser l’atteinte de leurs objectifs de participation sociale. Cette étude permet donc de montrer l’hétérogénéité des points de vue des personnes vivant avec un TSA et rappelle, ainsi, l’importance de prévoir des services flexibles et adaptés à chaque personne.
Genèse de l’Histoire du Canada (1845-1852)*
Authors: Groulx1 Patrice
Published: December 2018

Cet article remet en question l’idée que l’historien François-Xavier Garneau « apparaît tout armé, à la première provocation », comme l’a écrit un auteur. En réalité, contrairement à l’image que ses biographes ont laissée de lui, Garneau s’était remarquablement bien préparé à produire la première Histoire du Canada digne de ce titre, de 1845 à 1852. Auto-formé à l’école du romantisme européen, interagissant avec les érudits qui reconstituent la mémoire nationale autour de lui, désireux de rendre confiance à ses compatriotes démoralisés par l’Union de 1841, Garneau produit une connaissance en phase avec l’historiographie de son temps.
Dual læringsmodell i trafikklærerutdanningen
Authors: Kristoffersen Anders
Published: December 2018

Trafikklærerstudentene følger en læringsmodell der de er to dager ute i praksis og tre dager på universitetet gjennom hele studiet. I denne artikkelen retter jeg oppmerksomheten mot trafikklærerstudentenes læringsutbytte gjennom denne læringsmodellen. Jeg observerte studentenes undervisning i bil og klasserom og gjennomførte fokusgruppeintervjuer av studenter og praksisveiledere i to ulike semestre, for å finne ut hvilke sider av læringsmodellen som bidro til å gjøre studentene godt forberedt til yrket, og hvilke sider som ga større utfordringer enn ønsket. Meningsinnholdet i kyndighetsbegrepet sto sentralt i undersøkelsen (Inglar, 2015)

Problemstillingen er: På hvilken måte kan en læringsmodell som i hovedsak har lik fordeling mellom læring i klasserommet og læring på arbeidsplassen framskaffe trafikklærere som er godt forberedt på yrkeslivet?

Undersøkelsen viste blant annet at når studentene fikk undervise reelle kjøreelever ved reelle trafikkskoler, fikk de et godt innblikk i hverdagen til yrkesutøverne, samtidig som de fikk god undervisningserfaring med kjøreelever med ulike forutsetninger, og erfaring med mange ulike trafikale utfordringer. På den annen side sto ofte den økonomiske faktor i veien for en tett og god oppfølging av studentene, fordi praksisveilederne i en del tilfeller var mer fokusert på å gjennomføre egne undervisningstimer framfor å følge opp studentene. Mange små enheter medførte i tillegg noen ulikheter i kvaliteten på oppfølgingen av studentene, og avstanden mellom teori- og praksisfeltet kunne også være en utfordring.

Hensikten med undersøkelsen var å rette oppmerksomheten mot utfordrende faktorer ved vår duale læringsmodell. Dette vil deretter legge grunnlaget for videre utvikling av trafikklærerstudiet i den hensikt å gjøre kvaliteten på studiet enda bedre.

Nøkkelord: Trafikklærerutdanning, arbeidsplassbasert læring, effektiv tilegnelse av undervisningskompetanse, effektiv tilegnelse av kjøreferdigheter for elever, erfaring fra det virkelige liv
Comparative cranial morphology of the Late Cretaceous protostegid sea turtleDesmatochelys lowii
Authors: Raselli Irena
Published: December 2018

Background

The phylogenetic placement of Cretaceous marine turtles, especially Protostegidae, is still under debate among paleontologists. Whereas protostegids were traditionally thought to be situated within the clade of recent marine turtles (Chelonioidea), some recent morphological and molecular studies suggest placement along the stem of Cryptodira. The main reason why the evolution of marine turtles is still poorly understood, is in part due to a lack of insights into the cranial anatomy of protostegids. However, a general availability of high-quality fossil material, combined with modern analysis techniques, such as X-ray microtomography, provide ample opportunity to improve this situation. The scope of this study is to help resolve its phylogenetic relationships by providing a detailed description of the external and internal cranial morphology of the extinct protostegid sea turtleDesmatochelys lowiiWilliston, 1894.

Material and Methods

This study is based on the well-preserved holotype ofDesmatochelys lowiifrom the Late Cretaceous (middle Cenomanian to early Turonian) Greenhorn Limestone of Jefferson County, Nebraska. The skulls of two recent marine turtles,Eretmochelys imbricata(Linnaeus, 1766) (Cheloniidae) andDermochelys coriaceaLydekker, 1889 (Dermochelyidae), as well as the snapping turtleChelydra serpentina(Linnaeus, 1758) (Chelydridae) provide a comparative basis. All skulls were scanned using regular or micro CT scanners and the scans were then processed with the software program Amira to create 3D isosurface models. In total, 81 bones are virtually isolated, figured, and described, including the nature of their contacts. The novel bone contact data is compiled and utilized in a preliminary phenetic study. In addition, an update phylogenetic analysis is conduced that utilizes newly obtained anatomical insights.

Results

The detailed examination of the morphology of the herein used specimens allowed to explore some features of the skull, to refine the scoring ofDesmatochelys lowiiin the recent global matrix of turtles, and develop five new characters. The alleged pineal foramen in the type skull ofDesmatochelys lowiiis shown to be the result of damage. Instead, it appears that the pineal gland only approached the skull surface, as it is inDermochelys coriacea. Whereas the parasphenoid in confirmed to be absent in hard-shelled sea turtles, ist possible presence inDesmatochelys lowiiis unclear. The results of the phenetic study show thatDesmatochelys lowiiis least similar to the other examined taxa in regards to the nature of its bone contacts, and therefore suggests a placement outside Americhelydia for this protostegid sea turtle. The phylogenetic study results in a placement of Protostegidae along the stem of Chelonioidea, which is a novel position for the group.
Patients in wealthy families benefit from explicit leverage, extended care
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2018

Despite data showing that substance use problems are disproportionately common among the children and young adults living in families of high net worth, many of these families do little preparation for these outcomes until a crisis already has been reached. Even some families that have engaged estate planning attorneys early on will find that the trust agreements that were drawn did not cover every detail that could stand in the way of sound treatment and recovery for the identified patient.
Hydrophilicity and Water Contact Angle on Methylammonium Lead Iodide
Authors: Caddeo Claudia , Marongiu Daniela , Meloni Simone , Filippetti Alessio , Quochi Francesco , Saba Michele , Mattoni Alessandro
Published: December 2018

Surface properties are often assessed with measurements of the contact angle of a water drop. The process is however flawed for the very important class of hybrid perovskite materials, extensively employed in solar cells and optoelectronics research, because they are water soluble and their surface degrades during contact angle measurements. While hybrid perovskites are considered to be highly hydrophilic, a contact angle with water of 83° can be measured, as if they were almost hydrophobic. By combining experiments and simulations, the actual value is explained as the result of the interaction of water with degraded superficial layers that form over sub‐millisecond time scale at the water/perovskite interface. The models are validated against contact angle measurements for water on a variety of substrates, and are referenced to with the Young–Dupré relation between liquid–solid adhesion and contact angle. Present work reconciles the hydrophilic nature of methylammonium lead iodide with the apparent hydrophobic behavior in contact angle measurements, proposing a methodology for the study of contact angle on evolving substrates.
Persistent self‐reported ear and hearing problems among World Trade Center‐exposed firefighters and emergency medical service workers, 2001‐2017—A longitudinal cohort analysis
Authors: Colbeth Hilary L. , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Liu Yang , Webber Mayris P. , Schwartz Theresa M. , Hall Charles B. , Prezant David J.
Published: December 2018

Background

The goal of this study was to estimate the impact of exposure to the World Trade Center (WTC) site on annual and persistent rates of otalgia and hearing impairment among Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) Firefighters and Emergency Medical Service Workers (EMS).

Methods

Responders completed routine physical health questionnaires at monitoring visits. We used logistic and marginal logistic regression models to explore the association between otalgia and hearing impairment and WTC arrival time.

Results

The highest‐exposed group had greater odds of persistent ear symptoms (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.11‐1.59) compared with the least‐exposed; the odds of persistent hearing problems between the groups were not significantly different. We found consistent WTC‐exposure gradients when the average population odds of these outcomes were assessed each year.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that the odds of long‐term ear symptoms were significantly associated with the intensity of WTC exposure.
High Thermal Conductivity in Boron Arsenide: From Prediction to Reality
Authors: Tian Fei , Ren Zhifeng
Published: December 2018

Modern first‐principles calculations predict that the thermal conductivity of boron arsenide is second only to that of diamond, the best thermal conductor, which may be of benefit for waste heat management in electronic devices. With the optimization of single‐crystal growth methods, large‐size and high‐quality boron arsenide single crystals have been grown and thermal conductivity measurements have verified the related predictions. Benefiting from the increased size and improved qualities, additional properties have been characterized. Important factors related to boron arsenide, remaining challenges, and the future outlook are addressed in this minireview.
Cationic Pb2 Dumbbells Stabilized in the Highly Covalent Lead Nitridosilicate Pb2Si5N8
Authors: Bielec Philipp , Nelson Ryky , Stoffel Ralf P. , Eisenburger Lucien , Günther Daniel , Henß Ann‐Kathrin , Wright Jonathan P. , Oeckler Oliver , Dronskowski Richard , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: December 2018

Due to the weak oxidative force of N2, nitrides are only typically formed with the less electronegative metals. Meeting this challenge, we here present Pb2Si5N8, the first nitridosilicate containing highly electron‐affine cations of a metal from the right side of the Zintl border. By using advanced synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, the crystal structure was determined from a tiny single crystal of 1×3×3 μm3 in size, revealing a significantly different bonding situation compared to all other nitridosilicates known so far. Indeed, DFT calculations confirm distinct amounts of covalency not only between Pb and N but also between formal Pb2+ cations. Thus, unprecedented cationic Pb2 dumbbells with a stretching vibration at 117 cm−1 were found in Pb2Si5N8, the first representative of a crystallographically elucidated lead nitride, stabilized by high amounts of covalency.
A Water‐Soluble, NIR‐Absorbing Quaterrylenediimide Chromophore for Photoacoustic Imaging and Efficient Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liu Chang , Zhang Shaobo , Li Jianhao , Wei Jie , Müllen Klaus , Yin Meizhen
Published: December 2018

Precision phototheranostics, including photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, requires stable photothermal agents. Developing such agents with high stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency (PTCE) remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we introduce a new photothermal agent based on water‐soluble quaterrylenediimide (QDI) that can self‐assemble into nanoparticles (QDI‐NPs) in aqueous solution. Incorporating polyethylene glycol (PEG) into the QDI core significantly enhances both physiological stability and biocompatibility of QDI‐NPs. The highly photostable QDI‐NPs offer advantages including intense absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) and high PTCE of up to 64.7±4 %. This is higher than that of commercial indocyanine green (ICG). Their small size (ca. 10 nm) enables sustained retention in deep tumor sites and also proper clearance from the body. QDI‐NPs allow high‐resolution photoacoustic imaging and efficient 808 nm laser‐triggered photothermal therapy of cancer in vivo.
Entkernung – Erwartungen und Befürchtungen zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Hentschel Klaus
Published: December 2018

Loss of the Inner Core: Expectations and Fears for the Future of the History of Science. In this paper, I discuss the current state of history of science in Germany, a combination of strong interest in the field from various neighboring fields (including cultural history, media history, history of art, visual studies) and increasing fragmentation. Powerful institutions such as the Max Planck Institute for History of Science rather encourage this tendency to lose the inner core of the field, a kind of fluidization or vaporization.
„Remembering the 60s“. Für eine Medienwissenschaftsgeschichte des Wunschdenkens
Authors: Dotzler Bernhard J.
Published: December 2018

“Remembering the 60s”. On Media Science Studies of Wishful Thinking. “Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?”, Philip K. Dick asked in 1968. Half a century later, Werner Herzog echoed this question with his documentary on Reveries of the Connected World. The article outlines some of the conclusions for the history of science that can be drawn from this shift from androids to the Internet.
Citizen Science im Kaiserreich. Die Systemstelle „Wertlose Einsendungen aus der Bevölkerung“ im Archiv der Berlin‐Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Authors: Krajewski Markus
Published: December 2018

Citizen Science in the Empire. The System Place “Wertlose Einsendungen aus der Bevölkerung” (Worthless Entries from the Population) in the Archives of the Berlin‐Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities. Between 1871 and 1946, the Berlin‐Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities maintained a special collection in its archives, which, under the simple name “Entries from the Population”, kept correspondences, projects and proposals, for which a negative expert opinion was issued after thorough examination. The collection offers surprising insights into the pathologies and fantasies of mostly pseudo‐scientific researchers, inventors and discoverers, while at the same time revealing a glimpse of the topics of this epoch that moved the history of science. Using a selection of examples, this essay examines the economic cycles and archive practices of a largely forgotten source of what is now called Citizen Science.
Philosophie braucht Wissenschaftsgeschichte braucht Philosophiegeschichte
Authors: Karafyllis Nicole C.
Published: December 2018

Philosophy needs History of Science needs History of Philosophy. The purpose of this essay is to identify why history of science and philosophy of science have lost their former alliance. Reasons include, among others, structural elements in funding, e.g. a run‐down version of interdisciplinarity that encourages philosophy and history to work with the sciences rather than with each other. Moreover, the disciplinary assemblage in terms of cultural studies (German: Kulturwissenschaften) has eroded the continental concept of ‘Geisteswissenschaft’ to which history and philosophy traditionally belong. In consequence, both disciplines face a loss of knowledge in historical terminologies and related inquiries. Above all, these matter for shaping and understanding concepts and ideas; not last for the conceptualization of history and philosophy of science themselves.
Wissenschaftsgeschichte heute
Authors: Rheinberger Hans‐Jörg
Published: December 2018

History of Science Today. The paper argues for a theoretically demanding history of science along three lines. (1) History of science requires a permanent reflection on the concept of history. (2) It demands an epistemological reflection on the historically changing forms of knowledge. (3) An intimate knowledge of scientific practice is necessary, be it more theoretically or more practically oriented. These competences can be brought together in a multitude of ways, but they need to complement each other.
Hypothekentilgung
Authors: Wessely Christina , Voller Christian
Published: December 2018

Hidden Mortgages. Taking the case of Oswald Spengler as an example, this article discusses the politics and practices of canonization and exclusion within the history of science since the 1990s and advocates a critical revision of the discipline's own history, its founding figures and main influences.
Das Fach der Stunde, reloaded
Authors: Grote Mathias , te Heesen Anke
Published: December 2018

Subject of the Moment, Reloaded. The catalogue of Ludwig Darmstaedter's document collection, which contains sources as well as a categorization conspicuous of a history of knowledge avant la lettre, invites for a revisiting of the history of our discipline, thereby asking for its current role in academia and beyond. We argue that as historians of science or as historians of knowledge, our discipline disposes of the tools and topics necessary to respond to urgent epistemic and political problems.
Literatur und Wahnsinn. Die Kunst der Problemstellung
Authors: Schäfer Armin
Published: December 2018

Literature and Madness. The Art of Posing a Problem. Literary studies and the history of science can collaborate in their ways of posing a problem, which is an art in itself. The article points to a problem that is posed by Marcel Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu. What is the nexus between literature and madness and what makes their difference?
Epistemische Begegnungen, neue Herausforderungen. Drei Gedanken zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte der Medizin
Authors: Hofer Hans‐Georg
Published: December 2018

Epistemic Encounters, Emerging Challenges. Three Thoughts about the History of Science and Medicine. With good reason, the future of the history of science and medicine can be characterized as a continuous move towards diversity. Epistemic encounters between disciplines, approaches and subject areas are continuously emerging. At the same time, new and disturbing challenges have arisen in the relationship between science, politics and society. Based on this observation, the following miniature offers three reflective thoughts. These aim (1) to raise more awareness of the socio‐political responsibility of historiographical positioning; (2) to address questions of (historical) relationality and (theoretical) systematicity more explicitly; and (3), and by focusing on German academic medicine, to highlight some desiderata at the intersection of the history of science and contemporary history.
Nach dem Wissen: Wissenschaft zwischen Deregulation und Restauration
Authors: Grütter Fabian , Güttler Nils , Stadler Max , Wulz Monika
Published: December 2018

After Knowledge: Science, Deregulation, and Restoration. In the light of recent phenomena and developments – from ‘alternative facts’ to the rise of the ‘New Right’ –, the notion that we live in a ‘knowledge society’ (which has served our discipline well over the last couple of decades) seems more than a little antiquated. Our present, or so it would seem, is determined by forces other than ‘knowledge’ or, for that matter ‘science’. By the same token, ‘knowledge’ has lost traction for the purposes of a historiography trying to keep abreast with the times. At this impasse, we propose that historians of science embrace our predicament head‐on. They should take a more serious interest in the trajectories that brought us here: that is, in recent history and the political and ideological projects which shaped it. We suggest two complementary concepts along which such analyses might proceed: deregulation and restoration.
Die Fakten in den Naturwissenschaften. Zur Zukunft der Wissenschaftsgeschichte
Authors: Osten Philipp
Published: December 2018

The Facts in the Case of Science. The article casts an eye on the role of scientific facts in relation to the circumstances, under which they emerge, and discusses the challenges for a history of science in a near future. The author assumes that science, the economy, ideologies, and religious belief will keep influencing each other. He recommends an open mind for new sources and pleads for interdisciplinary approaches.
Vier Bemerkungen „zur Lage der Wissenschaftsgeschichte in Deutschland“
Authors: Epple Moritz
Published: December 2018

Four Remarks Concerning “the Situation of the History of Science in Germany”. The following remarks contain four brief reflections, based on my experience in teaching the history of science: (1) on the limitations of any national perspective on the history of science, (2) on the subject and task of the history of science, (3) on the power and weakness of knowledge as topics for the history of science, and (4) on the possibilities of scientific imagination as a critical issue for the future development of our field.
Monitoring residue levels and dietary risk assessment of pymetrozine for Chinese consumption of cauliflower
Authors: Jia Guifei , Zeng Lingrong , Zhao Shan , Ge Shijia , Long Xiaofang , Zhang Yuping , Hu Deyu
Published: December 2018

The present study investigates the occurrence of pymetrozine residues in cauliflower samples obtained from six cauliflower‐producing areas of China during fixed time periods in 2017 and estimates the dietary risk of pymetrozine in cauliflower. A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to detect pymetrozine in cauliflower. The samples were extracted using 20 mL of acetonitrile and purified with dispersive solid‐phase extraction using C18 as sorbent. The limit of quantification of pymetrozine was 0.008 mg/kg in cauliflower. The recoveries of the analyte were 82.04–95.18% with RSD <8.45%. The calibration curves for pymetrozine showed good linearities in the concentration range 0.004–2.0 mg/L with determination coefficients (R2) >0.999. Pymetrozine dissipated rapidly in cauliflower with a half‐life of <4 days. The terminal residues of pymetrozine were <0.008–0.0881 mg/kg in cauliflower at 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying from six sites. The routine washing process removed about half amount of the pymetrozine in cauliflower; the reduction ratios were 51.0–52.8%. The dietary risk assessment indicated that pymetrozine did not exhibit obvious dietary health risks in cauliflower when good agricultural practices were implemented.
Transcatheter valve‐in‐valve for failing bioprosthetic aortic valve: Usually a good idea
Authors: Khan Asaad , Dangas George
Published: December 2018

Key Points

Use of bioprosthetic implants for surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR) has been increasing in the recent years

Surgical redo AVRs for failed surgical aortic bioprostheses have been traditionally considered the standard practice; however, in patients with higher surgical risk scores, transcatheter valve‐in‐valve aortic valve replacements are being commonly performed

There is scarcity of data comparing these two approaches in this complex patient cohort

Available data suggest that transcatheter ViV aortic valve replacement is generally a safe approach once some caveats are accounted for
Living 3,4‐(Co)Polymerization of Isoprene/Myrcene and One‐Pot Synthesis of a Polyisoprene Blend Catalyzed by Binuclear Rare‐Earth Metal Amidinate Complexes
Authors: Yu Xiaying , Li Meng , Hong Jianquan , Zhou Xigeng , Zhang Lixin
Published: December 2018

Mononuclear amidinate yttrium complex C4H9C(NR)2Y(o‐CH2C6H4NMe2)2 (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) and a series of binuclear rare‐earth metal complexes bearing a bridged amidinate ligand [(RN)2C(CH2)4C(NR)2][RE{CH2C6H4(o‐NMe2)}2]2 (R=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, RE=Y, Lu, Sc) were synthesized and fully characterized. The catalytic behavior of these complexes for (co)polymerization of conjugated dienes such as isoprene and myrcene in the presence of co‐catalyst [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] was investigated. These catalytic systems show impressively high activity and 3,4‐regioselectivity in living (co)polymerization. The binuclear bridged amidinate yttrium catalytic system not only exhibits the highest activity among the reported catalytic systems for 3,4‐polymerization of isoprene but also allows the steady polymerization in a living manner from −20 to 80 °C. Compared with the dramatic drop of 3,4‐selectivity for the mononuclear analogue, the binuclear catalytic system still shows moderate 3,4‐selectivity at 80 °C. Moreover, a facile one‐pot synthetic strategy for a polymer blend containing 3,4‐ and 1,4‐polyisoprene (PIP) was established through the in situ modification of the active amidinate yttrium species by addition of an excess amount of AlMe3.
The Effect of Donor Additives on the Stability and Structure of 5‐Diphenylphosphinoacenaphth‐6‐yllithium
Authors: Duvinage Daniel , Bottke Patrick , Wark Michael , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: December 2018

5‐Diphenylphosphinoacenaphth‐6‐yllithium, 5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li, was isolated and fully characterized as the tetranuclear (5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li)4·4toluene and as the dinuclear (5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li·OEt2)2·toluene by X‐ray crystallography and 7Li MAS and 31P MAS NMR spectroscopy. The structure and stability in solution in the presence of donor additives including Et2O, THF, DME, TMEDA, and DABCO were assessed by 1H, 7Li, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. The bonding in 5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li and 5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li·TMEDA (both optimized in the gas phase) as well as (5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li·OEt2)2 and (5‐Ph2P‐Ace‐6‐Li)4 (adopted from the X‐ray structures and optimized) were investigated by DFT calculations and real‐space bonding indicator (RSBI) analyses including atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM), non‐covalent interactions (NCI) index, and electron localizability indicator (ELI‐D) methods.
Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts
Authors: Driver Ciaran , Meade Nigel
Published: December 2018

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.
A Subpopulation of Synovial Fibroblasts Leads to Osteochondrogenesis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Miura Yoko , Ota Shusuke , Peterlin Matija , McDevitt Grete , Kanazawa Satoshi
Published: December 2018

Specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes result in a high susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with co‐stimulatory molecules working together with MHC class II during the progression of the disease. To elucidate the involvement of the B7.1 co‐stimulatory molecule in RA, we analyzed the phenotype of B7.1 transgenic (named D1BC) mice and the sequential differentiation of synovial fibroblasts (SFs) by studying the expression of chondrogenic and osteogenic lineage markers together with lineage tracing experiment using B7.1 transgene in vivo. The B7.1 transgene was driven by a collagen type II (CII) promoter and enhancer in the D1BC mouse. A low‐dose of bovine CII (bCII) was used to induce chronic articular inflammation with interstitial pneumonitis. Joint damage was analyzed by histopathological examination and computed tomography. B7.1 was expressed in articular cartilage and SFs of D1BC mice. Chronic inflammatory arthritis in the bCII‐D1BC mouse shared common features with those found in patients with RA, such as pannus formation, bone destruction, osteoporosis, and joint ankylosis. A subpopulation of SFs (Runx2+, Sox9+, Col10a1+, Osx+, and CX−) in the pannus was classified as osteochondrogenic lineage rather than mesenchymal stromal lineage. These cells underwent differentiation into osteogenic lineage via hypertrophic chondrocytes at the end of the chronic phase. The ectopic expression of B7.1 in chondrocytes and SFs leads to an increased susceptibility to chronic inflammatory arthritis and subsequent new bone formation, reminiscent of ankylosis. The regulation of cartilage remodeling in pannus tissue is an important consideration in the treatment of RA. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate tubulointerstitial injury through multiple mechanisms in UUO model
Authors: Xing Li , Song Erlin , Yu Cheng Yuan , Jia Xi Bei , Ma Jing , Sui Man Shu , Wang Ming Ao , Gao Xu
Published: December 2018

Current evidence supports the use of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for a diverse range of clinical applications, and many studies have shown that MSCs have renal‐protective effects, but the mechanism is not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we aim to further identify whether MSCs can attenuate renal fibrosis by decreasing tubulointerstitial injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. In this study, we cultured MSCs and then transplanted them into a UUO model through the tail vein. Histology, cell proliferation, peritubular capillary (PTC) loss and myofibroblast markers were examined on days 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. We demonstrated that renal interstitial fibrosis in the MSC group was significantly attenuated compared with the UUO and DMEM groups. Moreover, MSC treatment inhibited the loss of PTCs and increased parenchymal cell proliferation. In addition, UUO‐induced activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts were suppressed by MSC infusion. Furthermore, MSCs attenuated tubulointerstitial infiltration of macrophages in UUO mice. Tubulointerstitial damage plays a very important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). PTC loss, macrophage recruitment, and myofibroblast activation are directly correlated with the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our results suggest that MSC infusion in the UUO model is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting kidney repair.
The dual role of KCNQ/M channels upon OGD or OGD/R insults in cultured cortical neurons of mice: Timing is crucial in targeting M‐channels against ischemic injuries
Authors: Diao Yu , Yan Weijie , Sun Wei , Luo Yanlin , Li Junfa , Yin Yanling
Published: December 2018

KCNQ/M potassium channels play a vital role in neuronal excitability; however, it is required to explore their pharmacological modulation on N‐Methyl‐ d‐aspartic acid receptors (NMDARs)‐mediated glutamatergic transmission of neurons upon ischemic insults. In the current study, both presynaptic glutamatergic release and activities of NMDARs were measured by NMDAR‐induced miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) in cultured cortical neurons of C57 mice undergoing oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) or OGD/reperfusion (OGD/R). The KCNQ/M‐channel opener, retigabine (RTG), suppressed the overactivation of postsynaptic NMDARs induced by OGD and then NO transient; RTG also decreased OGD‐induced neuronal death measured with MTT assay, suggesting the beneficial role of KCNQ/M‐channels for the neurons exposed to ischemic insults. However, when the neurons exposed to the subsequent reperfusion, KCNQ/M‐channels played a differential role from its protective effect. OGD/R increased presynaptic glutamatergic release, which was further augmented by RTG or decreased by KCNQ/M‐channel blocker, XE991. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were produced partly in a NO‐dependent manner. In addition, XE991 decreased neuronal injuries upon reperfusion measured with DCF and PI staining. Meanwhile, the addition of RTG upon OGD or XE991 upon reperfusion can reverse OGD or OGD/R‐reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Our present study indicates the dual role of KCNQ/M‐channels in OGD and OGD/R, which will decide the fate of neurons. Provided that activation of KCNQ/M‐channels has differential effects on neuronal injuries during OGD or OGD/R, we propose that therapy targeting KCNQ/M‐channels may be effective for ischemic injuries but the proper timing is so crucial for the corresponding treatment.
Endotherapy for pancreatic necrosis: An update
Authors: Jha Ashish K , Goenka Mahesh K , Kumar Ramesh , Suchismita Arya
Published: December 2018

Approximately 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis develop pancreatic necrosis. The presence of necrosis in a pancreatic collection significantly worsens the prognosis. Pancreatic necrosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity. In the last few decades, there has been a significant revolution in the treatment of infected pancreatic necrosis. A step‐up approach has been proposed, from less invasive procedures to the operative intervention. Minimally invasive treatment modalities such as endoscopic drainage and necrosectomy, percutaneous drainage, and minimally invasive surgery have recently replaced open surgical necrosectomy as the first‐line treatment option. Endoscopic intervention for pancreatic necrosis is being increasingly performed with good success and a lower complication rate. However, techniques of endotherapy are still not uniform and vary as per local expertise, and there are still many unresolved questions with regard to the interventions in patients with pancreatic necrosis. The objective of this paper is to critically review the literature and update the concepts of endoscopic interventional therapy of pancreatic necrosis.
Are followers satisfied with conscientious leaders? The moderating influence of leader role authenticity
Authors: Harris T. Brad , Cardador M. Teresa , Cole Michael S. , Mistry Sal , Kirkman Bradley L.
Published: December 2018

Leadership scholars have yet to identify a clear and consistent relationship between leader conscientiousness and followers' satisfaction with a leader. Drawing from socioanalytic theory and related personality research, we argue that the underlying motives of leader conscientiousness can manifest in systematically different behaviors aimed at team task accomplishment, ranging from rigid and order‐driven to relatively more adaptable approaches. Importantly, we posit that the relationship between a leader's conscientiousness and adaptability is conditioned by role authenticity (i.e., the extent to which a leader believes a role permits expressions of her or his “true self”). Hence, we articulate a conditional indirect effects model whereby leader conscientiousness and leader role authenticity jointly predict leader adaptability and, in turn, increasing levels of leader adaptability are positively associated with followers' shared satisfaction with their leader. Data from a sample of fire and rescue crews provide partial support for the model. Post hoc analyses suggest that the conditioning influence of leader role authenticity on leader conscientiousness is more informative when subfacets of conscientiousness are considered.
Feeding of plankton in turbulent oceans and lakes
Authors: Pécseli Hans L. , Trulsen Jan K. , Stiansen Jan Erik , Sundby Svein , Fossum Petter
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Analytical models for the statistical distribution of the gut content of fish larvae in a turbulent ocean environment are compared to data obtained in a field experiment. The proposed model allows the nutrition state and thereby the survival probability of plankton populations to be estimated for given conditions and parameters characterizing their environment, i.e., prey concentrations and turbulence levels. These parameters are all available in the field data. Other parameters such as the capture range and fields of view together with a characteristic time for digesting prey are assumed to be known. The analysis allows an estimate for the probability density of the gut content of plankton in terms of the number of nauplii in the gut. In particular, the analytical results give a basis for evaluating the average gut content of a given plankton population on the basis of basic information concerning the prey concentration and the turbulence intensity. Also analytical models for the prey capture rates are compared with results based on the field data. The analysis emphasizes the effects of turbulence.
Accountability in an agency model: Project selection, effort incentives, and contract design*
Authors: Lukas Christian , Neubert Max‐Frederik , Schöndube Jens Robert
Published: December 2018

We analyze an agency model of project choice and implementation where the agent is held accountable for his performance. We show that implementation of the ex ante efficient project may be impossible, irrespective of how the principal sets fixed wage and bonus rate. If it is possible, the principal may be forced to increase the bonus rate above the optimal project‐specific rate. The higher profit share compensates the agent for pressure he faces when he has to justify/explain his performance.
Targeted next‐generation sequencing approach for molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary colorectal cancer: Identification of a novel single nucleotide germline insertion in adenomatous polyposis coli gene causes familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Wang Dan , Liang Shengyun , Zhang Xipeng , Dey Subrata Kumar , Li Yuwei , Xu Chen , Yu Yongjun , Li Mingsen , Zhao Guoru , Zhang Zhao
Published: December 2018

Background

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease which primarily manifested with developing adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. It is caused by the germline mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients with FAP are usually manifested with “hundreds or even thousands” adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. However, without proper clinical diagnosis and timely surgical interventions, colorectal adenomas, or polyps gradually increase in size and in numbers which finally leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) at the mean age of 36 years of the patient.

Methods

In this study, we identified a family with FAP. In this family, FAP has been diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, medical test reports, and positive family history for three generations. In order to unveil the molecular genetic consequences underlying the disease phenotype, we performed next‐generation sequencing with a customized and designed panel of genes reported to be associated with hereditary CRC. The variant identified by next‐generation sequencing has been validated by Sanger sequencing.

Results

A heterozygous novel insertion [c.3992_3993insA; p.Thr1332Asnfs*10] in exon 16 of APC gene has been identified. This novel insertion is cosegregated well with the FAP phenotype among all the affected members of this family. This mutation causes a frameshift by the formation of a premature stop codon which finally results in the formation of a truncated APC protein of 1,342 amino acids instead of the wild type APC protein of 2,843 amino acids. Hence, this is a loss‐of‐function mutation. This mutation was not found in unaffected family members or in normal control individuals.

Conclusion

Our present study emphasizes the importance of a novel approach of the gene panel‐based high‐throughput sequencing technology for easy and rapid screening for patients with FAP or CRC which will help the clinician for follow‐up and management.
Lack of association of the IL‐1RN and IL‐10 polymorphisms with risk of psoriasis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Qiao Ju , Jia Qian‐Nan , Jin Hong‐Zhong
Published: December 2018

Background

The present study carried out a meta‐analysis to investigate whether the interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RN) VNTR polymorphism and three IL‐10 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1800896, rs3021097, and rs1800872 are associated with psoriasis risk.

Methods

Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Medline, and PubMed databases were searched for potential studies published until 2 November 2017. Forest plots were generated.

Results

Thirteen case–control studies were included in the review. The results of meta‐analyses revealed no association of the IL‐1RN*2 allele with psoriasis in the overall populations (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.89–1.50, p = 0.279), Asians (OR = 1.27, 95% CI: 0.73–2.23, p = 0.403), and Caucasians (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 0.88–1.23, p = 0.669). Under the allelic model, there was no statistically significant association of psoriasis with the IL‐10 SNPs rs1800896 (G allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.90–1.18, p = 0.639), rs3021097 (C allele vs. T allele: OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.88–1.56, p = 0.288), and rs1800872 (C allele vs. A allele: OR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81–1.25, p = 0.951). No publication bias was found by Egger's test and Begg's funnel plots.

Conclusion

Current published studies fail to support an association of the IL‐1RN VNTR polymorphism and IL‐10 SNPs rs1800896, rs3021097, and rs1800872 with psoriasis risk.