bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of increasing temperatures on methane concentrations and methanogenesis during experimental incubation of sediments from oligotrophic and mesotrophic lakes
Authors: Fuchs Andrea , Lyautey Emilie , Montuelle Bernard , Casper Peter
Published: May 2016

Global warming is expected to raise temperatures in freshwater lakes, which have been acknowledged to contribute up to 10% of the atmospheric methane concentrations. Increasing temperature enhances methane production and oxidation rates, but few studies have considered the balance between both processes at experimentally higher temperatures within lake sediments. The temperature dependence of methane concentrations, methane production rates, and methanogenic (mcrA) and methanotrophic (pmoA) community size was investigated in intact sediment cores incubated with aerobic hypolimnion water at 4, 8, and 12°C over 3 weeks. Sediment cores of 25 cm length were collected at two temperate lakes—Lake Stechlin (Germany; mesotrophic‐oligotrophic, maximum depth 69.5 m) and Lake Geneva (France/Switzerland; mesotrophic, maximum depth 310 m). While methane production rates in Lake Stechlin sediments did not change with increasing temperatures, methane concentrations decreased significantly. In contrast, methane production rates increased in 20–25 cm in Lake Geneva sediments with increasing temperatures, but methane concentrations did not differ. Real‐time PCR demonstrated the methanogenic and methanotrophic community size remained stable independently of the incubation temperature. Methane concentrations as well as community sizes were 1–2 orders of magnitude higher in Lake Stechlin than in Lake Geneva, while potential methane production rates after 24 h were similar in both lakes, with on average 2.5 and 1.9 nmol g−1 DW h−1, respectively. Our results suggest that at higher temperatures methane oxidation could balance, and even exceed, methane production. This suggests that anaerobic methane oxidation could be involved in the methane balance at a more important rate than previously anticipated.
A Novel Femtosecond Laser‐Assisted Method for the Synthesis of Reduced Graphene Oxide Gels and Thin Films with Tunable Properties
Authors: Ibrahim Khaled H. , Irannejad Mehrdad , Hajialamdari Mojtaba , Ramadhan Ali , Musselman Kevin P. , Sanderson Joseph , Yavuz Mustafa
Published: May 2016

Graphene and its functionalized derivatives are unique and multifaceted novel materials with a wide range of applications in chemistry, healthcare, and optoelectronic engineering. 3D graphene materials exhibit several advantages over 2D (monolayer) graphene for a variety of devices applications. Here a novel and effective room temperature technique is introduced to convert an aqueous graphene oxide solution into a reduced graphene oxide gel with tunable physical and chemical properties comparable to a monolayer graphene sheet, without the need for any additives or chemical agents. The femtogel is synthesized by exposing an ultrahigh concentration graphene oxide solution with single‐layer flakes to high intensity femtosecond laser pulses. The femtosecond laser beam is focused on the air/aqueous solution interface to enhance the vaporization of functional groups and water, enabling femtogel formation. By controlling the pulsed laser intensity, beam focal parameters, and pulse duration, it is possible to produce several milliliters of femtogel in as little as 8 min. Through initial optimization of the irradiation parameters, a thin film is produced from a femtogel that demonstrates a surface roughness less than 6 nm, and more than 95% reduction in OH absorbance, as compared to a thin film produced from the unexposed graphene oxide solution.
Silver‐Catalyzed Direct C${{_{sp{^{2}}}}}$H Phosphorylation of Indoles Leading to Phosphoindoles
Authors: Sun Wang‐Bin , Xue Jian‐Fei , Zhang Guo‐Yu , Zeng Run‐Sheng , An Li‐Tao , Zhang Pei‐Zhi , Zou Jian‐Ping
Published: May 2016

The silver carbonate‐catalyzed direct C${{_{sp{^{2}}}}}$H phosphorylation of indoles in the presence of magnesium nitrate is described. The reaction affords selectively phosphonoindoles in moderate to good yields through a radical process. This protocol provides an efficient and general method for the preparation of 2‐ and 3‐phosphorylated indoles.

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Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Pyrazol‐5‐ones to Trisubstituted Nitroalkenes with an N‐Sulfinylurea Organocatalyst
Authors: Phelan James P. , Ellman Jonathan A.
Published: May 2016

The first example of enantioselective nitronate protonation following Michael addition of a carbon nucleophile to an α,β,β‐trisubstituted nitroalkene is reported. An N‐sulfinylurea catalyst was employed to catalyze the addition of a variety of 3‐substituted pyrazol‐5‐one nucleophiles to trisubstituted nitroalkenes incorporating an oxetane or azetidine ring at the β‐position. The nitroalkane‐pyrazolone adducts were obtained with good yield and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the Michael addition products can be reduced to the corresponding enantioenriched amines with minimal loss of enantiomeric purity.

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Is 1p36 deletion associated with anterior body wall defects?
Authors: Çöllü Medis , Yüksel Şirin , Şirin Başak Kumbasar , Abbasoğlu Latif , Alanay Yasemin
Published: May 2016

Epispadias and exstrophy of the cloaca, also known as OEIS complex (omphalocele, exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal defects), respectively constitute the most benign and severe ends of the bladder exstrophy—epispadias complex (BEEC) spectrum. In 2009, El‐Hattab et al. reported the first patient with OEIS complex associated with a chromosome 1p36 deletion. Here we report a second patient with 1p36 deletion who also has classic bladder exstrophy, supporting the possible role of genes in this region in the development of BEEC. The absence of omphalocele and imperforate anus in our patient places him toward classic bladder exstrophy while presence of spina bifida and the absence of coccyx suggest an overlap with OEIS complex. An additional differential diagnosis is the pentalogy of Cantrell in our patient as he also has a diaphragmatic hernia and an incomplete sternum. This is the second observation of a ventral midline birth defect in association with 1p36 deletion syndrome, following El‐Hattab et al.'s report [2009]. The three genes (NOCL2, DVL1, and MMP23B) discussed as possible candidates are also among the deleted ones in our patient, supporting the possible role of these genes in BEEC spectrum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of hearing loss and cognitive abilities on language development in CHARGE Syndrome
Authors: Vesseur Annemarie , Langereis Margreet , Free Rolien , Snik Ad , van Ravenswaaij‐Arts Conny , Mylanus Emmanuel
Published: May 2016

Hearing loss and cognitive delay are frequently occurring features in CHARGE syndrome that may contribute to impaired language development. However, not much is known about language development in patients with CHARGE syndrome. In this retrospective study, hearing loss, cognitive abilities, and language development are described in 50 patients with CHARGE syndrome. After informed consent was given, data were collected from local medical files. Most patients (38.3%; 18/47 patients) had moderate hearing loss (41–70 dB) and 58.5% (24/41 patients) had an IQ below 70. The mean language quotients of the receptive and expressive language were more than one standard deviation below the norm. Both hearing loss and cognitive delay had an influence on language development. Language and cognitive data were not available for all patients, which may have resulted in a pre‐selection of patients with a delay. In conclusion, while hearing thresholds, cognitive abilities and language development vary widely in CHARGE syndrome, they are mostly below average. Hearing loss and cognitive delay have a significant influence on language development in children with CHARGE syndrome. To improve our knowledge about and the quality of care we can provide to CHARGE patients, hearing and developmental tests should be performed regularly in order to differentiate between the contributions of hearing loss and cognitive delay to delays in language development, and to provide adequate hearing amplification in the case of hearing loss. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Within arm's reach: Measuring forearm length to assess growth patterns in captive bonobos and chimpanzees
Authors: Behringer Verena , Stevens Jeroen M. G. , Kivell Tracy L. , Neufuss Johanna , Boesch Christophe , Hohmann Gottfried
Published: May 2016

Objectives

Bonobos and chimpanzees are known to differ in various morphological traits, a dichotomy that is sometimes used as an analogy for evolutionary splits during human evolution. The aim of our study was to measure the forearm length of immature and adult bonobos and adult chimpanzees to assess the extent of age–related changes of forearm length in bonobos and sex–dimorphism in bonobos and chimpanzees.

Materials and methods

As a proxy of somatic growth we measured forearm length of captive bonobos and chimpanzees ranging in age from 1 to 55 years. Measures were taken from subjects inserting their arms into a transparent Plexiglas® tube, a novel technique facilitating repeated measures of nonanesthetized apes in captivity.

Results

Measures from adult females (>12 years) showed that bonobos exceed chimpanzees in terms of forearm length and that sexual dimorphism in forearm length is pronounced in chimpanzees, but not in bonobos. Forearm length increased significantly with chronological age in bonobos. Validation tests revealed that the device generates useful data on morphometric dimensions.

Discussion

In most primates, sexual dimorphism in body size is male‐biased and the differences in forearm length in chimpanzees follow this trend. Given that males of the two species did not differ in forearm length, the absence/presence of sexual dimorphism of this trait must be due to differences in somatic growth in females. Our novel method offers an alternative to obtain morphometric measures and facilitates longitudinal studies on somatic growth. Am J Phys Anthropol 161:37–43, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of a novel profile control agent for enhancing an oil‐recovery application
Authors: Pu Wanfen , Wen Cailin , Liu Rui , Jin Fayang , Wang Chongyang , Liao Zhicheng
Published: May 2016

In this study, a kind of novel profile control agent, polymer/montmorillonite composite particle (PMCP), which was prepared by an in situ intercalative polymerization method involving rubbers and a hydrophobic monomer (HM), was provided with the aim to modify the injection profile for enhancing oil recovery. The chemical structure of the PMCP was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction, respectively. The results prove that the intercalation effect occurred between the polymer and montmorillonite. The swelling properties of the PMCP was studied under harsh reservoir conditions as a function of the aging time to determine the effect of rubbers and HM. The toughness of the optimal particle was investigated by a maximum pressure method followed by core experiments to evaluate the injection and profile improvement performance. The data indicated that PMCP‐4 containing the rubber of nitrile butadiene rubber and HM showed advanced properties, such as the swelling ratio, heat resistance, salinity tolerance, and water retention, compared to the other PMCPs. Moreover, the PCMP also exhibited superior toughness, injectivity, and profile control ability. Therefore, PMCP‐4 is a promising profile control agent, especially in fractured formations with harsh conditions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43756.
Balancing mechanical properties and processability for devulcanized ground tire rubber using industrially sized single‐screw extruder
Authors: Lv Xiao‐Long , Huang Han‐Xiong , Lv Bai‐Yuan
Published: May 2016

Devulcanized ground tire rubber (DGTR) samples were produced using an independently developed industrially sized single‐screw extruder. The DGTR was further revulcanized to produce revulcanized DGTR (RDGTR) samples. The structure and properties of the produced samples were investigated via tests and characterization of sol fraction, crosslink density, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra, Mooney viscosity, curing characteristics, dynamic rheology, tensile properties, and surface morphology. The results demonstrate that the extruder can effectively break up crosslinked structure of ground tire rubber to achieve high devulcanization level (characterized by sol fraction and crosslink density), which is mainly associated with its moderate shear strength. The balance between mechanical properties and processability for the DGTR samples was analyzed. Lower ratios of main‐chain to crosslink scission and good processability (mainly characterized by modest Mooney viscosity) for the DGTR samples, and high tensile strengths and elongations at break for the RDGTR samples are obtained via appropriately combining the barrel temperature and screw speed. High quality DGTR sample with tensile strength and elongations at break of up to 11 MPa and 370%, respectively, is prepared under the conditions used in this work. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43761.
Median Sacral Artery, Sympathetic Nerves, and the Coccygeal Body: A Study Using Serial Sections of Human Embryos and Fetuses
Authors: Jin Zhe Wu , Cho Kwang Ho , Jang Hyung Suk , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez‐Vázquez Jose Francisco
Published: May 2016

To examine how the median sacral artery (MSA) is involved with the coccygeal body or glomus coccygeum, we studied serial frontal or sagittal sections of 14 embryos (approximately 5–6 weeks of gestation) and 12 fetuses (10–18 weeks). At five weeks, the caudal end of the dorsal aorta (i.e., MSA) accompanied putative sympathetic ganglion cells in front of the upper coccygeal and lower sacral vertebrae. At six weeks, a candidate for the initial coccygeal body was identified as a longitudinal arterial plexus involving nerve fibers and sympathetic ganglion cells between arteries. At 10–18 weeks, the MSA exhibited a highly tortuous course at the lower sacral and coccygeal levels, and was attached to and surrounded by veins, nerve fibers, and sympathetic ganglion cells near and between the bilateral origins of the levator ani muscle. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and chromogranin A in the nerves. However, throughout the stages examined, we found no evidence suggestive of an arteriovenous anastomosis, such as well‐developed smooth muscle. An acute anterior flexure of the vertebrae at the lower sacrum, as well as regression of the secondary neural tube, seemed to induce arterial plexus formation from an initial straight MSA. Nerves and ganglion cells were likely to be secondarily involved with the plexus because of the close topographical relationship. However, these nerves might play a major role in the extreme change into adult morphology. An arteriovenous anastomosis along the MSA might be an overinterpretation, at least in the prenatal human. Anat Rec, 299:819–827, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetic variation and cognitive dysfunction in opioid‐treated patients with cancer
Authors: Kurita Geana Paula , Ekholm Ola , Kaasa Stein , Klepstad Pål , Skorpen Frank , Sjøgren Per
Published: May 2016

Background and purpose

The effects of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on the cognitive function of opioid‐treated patients with cancer until now have not been explored, but they could potentially be related to poor functioning. This study aimed at identifying associations between SNPs of candidate genes, high opioid dose, and cognitive dysfunction.

Methods

Cross‐sectional multicenter study (European Pharmacogenetic Opioid Study, 2005–2008); 1586 patients; 113 SNPs from 41 genes. Inclusion criteria: cancer, age ≥18 year, opioid treatment, and available genetic data. Cognitive assessment by Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE). Analyses: SNPs were rejected if violation of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P < 0.0005), or minor allele frequency <5%; patients were randomly divided into discovery sample (2/3 for screening) and validation sample (1/3 for confirmatory test); false discovery rate of 10% for determining associations (Benjamini–Hochberg method). Co‐dominant, dominant, and recessive models were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests.

Results

In the co‐dominant model significant associations (P < 0.05) between MMSE scores and SNPs in the HTR3E, TACR1, and IL6 were observed in the discovery sample, but the replication in the validation sample did not confirm it. Associations between MMSE scores among patients receiving ≥400 mg morphine equivalent dose/day and SNPs in TNFRSF1B, TLR5, HTR2A, and ADRA2A were observed, but they could not be confirmed in the validation sample. After correction for multiple testing, no SNPs were significant in the discovery sample. Dominant and recessive models also did not confirm significant associations.

Conclusions

The findings did not support influence of those SNPs analyzed to explain cognitive dysfunction in opioid‐treated patients with cancer.
An efficient GPU out‐of‐core framework for interactive rendering of large‐scale CAD models
Authors: Xue Junjie , Zhao Gang , Xiao Wenlei
Published: May 2016

Real‐time rendering of large‐scale engineering computer‐aided design (CAD) models has been recognized as a challenging task. Because of the constraints of limited graphics processing unit (GPU) memory size and computation capacity, a massive model with hundreds of millions of triangles cannot be loaded and rendered in real‐time using most of modern GPUs. In this paper, an efficient GPU out‐of‐core framework is proposed for interactively visualizing large‐scale CAD models. To improve efficiency of data fetching from CPU host memory to GPU device memory, a parallel offline geometry compression scheme is introduced to minimize the storage cost of each primitive by compressing the levels of detail (LOD) geometries into a highly compact format. At the rendering stage, occlusion culling and LOD processing algorithms are integrated and implemented with an efficient GPU‐based approach to determine a minimal scale of primitives to be transferred for each frame. A prototype software system is developed to preprocess and render massive CAD models with the proposed framework. Experimental results show that users can walkthrough massive CAD models with hundreds of millions of triangles at high frame rates using our framework. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Composition of Ballota macedonica Vandas and Ballota nigra L. ssp. foetida (Vis.) Hayek Essential Oils – The Chemotaxonomic Approach
Authors: Đorđević Aleksandra S. , Jovanović Olga P. , Zlatković Bojan K. , Stojanović Gordana S.
Published: May 2016

The essential oils isolated from fresh aerial parts of Ballota macedonica (two populations) and Ballota nigra ssp. foetida were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Eighty five components were identified in total; 60 components in B. macedonica oil (population from the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia), 34 components in B. macedonica oil (population from the Republic of Serbia), and 33 components in the oil of B. nigra ssp. foetida accounting for 93.9%, 98.4%, and 95.8% of the total oils, respectively. The most abundant components in B. macedonica oils were carotol (13.7 – 52.1%), germacrene D (8.6 – 24.6%), and (E)‐caryophyllene (6.5 – 16.5%), while B. nigra ssp. foetida oil was dominated by (E)‐phytol (56.9%), germacrene D (10.0%), and (E)‐caryophyllene (4.7%). Multivariate statistical analyses (agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis) were used to compare and discuss relationships among Ballota species examined so far based on their volatile profiles. The chemical compositions of B. macedonica essential oils are reported for the first time.
Transcatheter native pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve replacement with the sapien XT: Initial experience and development of a new delivery platform
Authors: Levi Daniel S. , Sinha Sanjay , Salem Morris M. , Aboulhosn Jamil A.
Published: May 2016

Background

While the Melody valve is unable to be used for replacement of large pulmonary outflow tracts, the 29 mm Sapien XT transcatheter valve, designed specifically for aortic valve replacement, can potentially be used in these large native outflow tracts. Techniques to enable off‐label use of the Sapien XT valve for large‐diameter pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacement are described.

Methods

Use of the Sapien valve for transcatheter pulmonary and tricuspid valve replacement using both the commercially available Novaflex+ system and using a novel flexible delivery system was reviewed. This customized flexible delivery platform was constructed using the Ensemble sheath and a 30 mm Nucleus balloon. This system was bench tested prior to its clinical use.

Results

Ten patients had successful implantation of Sapien valves into native right ventricular outflow tracts (RVOTs) (n = 7) or tricuspid valves (n = 3). There was no stenosis or regurgitation after Sapien valve implantation. Several of the pulmonary valve replacement cases were extremely challenging due to the limited flexibility of the Novaflex system. The Sapien valve was crimped onto a 30 mm Nucleus balloon preloaded through an Ensemble sheath. This system was able to consistently deliver the Sapien valve safely in a bench model as well as in native RVOTs in two patients.

Conclusion

The 29 mm Sapien XT valve allows for large‐diameter transcatheter valve replacement in both the pulmonary and tricuspid positions. Initial results of new techniques to utilize a more flexible delivery platform are described that could obviate the need for the Novaflex system. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preliminary effects of renal denervation with saline irrigated catheter on cardiac systolic function in patients with heart failure: A prospective, randomized, controlled, pilot study
Authors: Chen Weijie , Ling Zhiyu , Xu Yanping , Liu Zengzhang , Su Li , Du Huaan , Xiao Peilin , Lan Xianbin , Shan Qijun , Yin Yuehui
Published: May 2016

Objective

To assess efficacy and safety of renal denervation (RDN) for heart failure (HF).

Background

RDN has been demonstrated to be an effective method in lowing overactive sympathetic nerve. However, it's feasibility and efficacy for HF is unclear.

Methods

In this randomized, controlled pilot study, patients with HF were randomly assigned in 1:1 ratio to undergo RDN plus optimal medical therapy (RDN group) or only optimal medical therapy (control group). Before randomization, patients received optimal medical therapy at least half a year. Primary efficacy end point was the change in LVEF over six months; secondary efficacy end points were the change in six‐minute walk distance and SF‐36 Health Survey scores over six months.

Results

Up to Apr 2015, sixty symptomatic HF patients were successfully enrolled into study. Thirty patients were randomly assigned to RDN group and 30 patients were randomly assigned to control group. All patients completed six months follow up. During follow up, no severe adverse events were observed. Blood pressure was stable in both groups. Patients in RDN group had shown a significant improvement in LVEF (P < 0.001), SMWD (P = 0.043), NYHA class (P < 0.001), NT‐proBNP (P < 0.001) and office heart rate (P = 0.008). Compared with control group, RDN patients were associated with significant improvement in all domains of SF‐36 but bodily pain (P = 0.74). No significant change in estimate glomerular filtration nor complication of renal artery stenosis were observed.

Conclusions

Results imply that RDN could be safely applied to treatment of HF and probably improve cardiac systolic function and patients' quality of life. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk factors and outcomes in patients with ectatic infarct‐related artery who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention after ST elevated myocardial infarction
Authors: Ipek Gokturk , Gungor Baris , Karatas Mehmet Baran , Onuk Tolga , Keskin Muhammed , Tanik Ozan , Hayiroglu Mert Ilker , Oz Ahmet , Borklu Edibe Betul , Bolca Osman
Published: May 2016

Objective

We aimed to assess the risk factors for coronary artery ectasia (CAE) as infarct‐related artery (IRA) and short‐term and 1 year outcomes.

Backgrounds

CAE in patients with ST elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare condition with a limited knowledge about the risk factors associated with coronary artery ectasia in STEMI and prognosis after primary percutaneous coronary interventions.

Methods

Retrospectively, 1655 patients with STEMI who were undergone coronary angiography were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to their coronary anatomy as ectasia and control groups. Demographic features, angiographic results, and clinical events were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the association of the features with CAE in STEMI.

Results

In total, 1655 patients (99 patients in CAE group vs 1556 patients in control group) were analyzed. Hypertension and smoking were significantly higher in CAE group. No‐reflow rates were significantly higher (13.1% vs 5.4%, p = 0.004) in CAE group. In‐hospital mortality rates were similar between the groups. Difference in revascularization rates (8.1% vs 9.6%, p = 0.39) and death in 1 year (6.1% vs 4.9%, p = 0.37) were also nonsignificant between the groups. According to results of the multivariate analysis, hypertension (Odds ratio (OR): 1.71 (1.14–2.58), p = 0.01) and smoking (OR: 1.98 (1.32–2.99), p = 0.001) remained significantly associated with coronary ectasia.

Conclusion

In conclusion, despite being higher no‐reflow rates, short‐term and 1 year survival and revascularization rates were similar between the groups. Additionally, hypertension and smoking were associated with CAE as IRA. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Baseline anemia and its impact on midterm outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Seiffert Moritz , Conradi Lenard , Gutwein Andreas , Schön Gerhard , Deuschl Florian , Schofer Niklas , Becker Nina , Schirmer Johannes , Reichenspurner Hermann , Blankenberg Stefan , Treede Hendrik , Schäfer Ulrich
Published: May 2016

Background

Anemia is linked to impaired outcome in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We sought to characterize the impact of baseline anemia on mid‐term outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods and results

Data of 1201 consecutive TAVI patients were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline anemia was defined according to the WHO (hemoglobin <12g/dl [female], <13g/dl [male]). It was prevalent in 59.0% of patients and associated with a higher preoperative risk (STS‐PROM 7.8 ± 5.7 vs. 6.2 ± 4.1%, P < 0.001). Survival was similar at 30 days (90.5 vs. 91.2%, P = 0.626) but NYHA functional capacity was impaired in patients with baseline anemia (classes III/IV: 20.6 vs. 15.6%, P = 0.006). Low baseline hemoglobin (OR 0.85, CI 0.73–0.98, P = 0.025), blood transfusion (OR 2.42, CI 1.38–4.28, P = 0.002), and bleeding complications (OR 2.21, CI 1.27‐3.81, P = 0.005) were in addition associated with acute kidney injury after TAVI. Three‐year survival was reduced (49.6 vs. 64.9%, P = 0.002) and baseline anemia was linked to increased mid‐term mortality (HR 1.43, CI 1.13–1.82, P = 0.003), however its effect was surpassed by the adverse impact of periprocedural complications. Conclusions: Baseline anemia was associated with increased morbidity and mortality after TAVI. Preprocedural hemoglobin levels need to be assessed for risk stratification and blood conservation management seems essential. As a potentially modifiable target, the role of pretreatment of anemia prior to TAVI remains to be determined. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioresorbable vascular scaffold thrombosis in a consecutive cohort of 550 patients
Authors: Tröbs Monique , Achenbach Stephan , Röther Jens , Klinghammer Lutz , Schlundt Christian
Published: May 2016

Objective

To determine the rate of bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) thrombosis in a large, real‐world population.

Background

There is some concern about device thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using BVS. No data have been published for PCI using both BVS and metal stents.

Methods

A cohort of 550 consecutive patients who underwent PCI for stable chest pain or acute coronary syndromes with implantation of at least one BVS (Absorb, Abbott Vascular) was systematically followed up by telephone interview and review of medical charts. Data on device thrombosis were retrospectively analyzed in relationship to clinical and angiographic characteristics.

Results

Follow‐up was achieved in 533 patients (97%, median follow‐up 233 days). A total of 964 BVS were implanted in 645 vessels. In addition, 234 metal stents were implanted in 149 patients, including “hybrid intervention” with the combined use of BVS and stents in the same artery in 122 patients. Documented were 15 definite, 1 probable, and 8 possible cases of device thrombosis (rate of definite/probable device thrombosis: 3.0%). Of these, 6 definite and 6 possible thromboses could be unambiguously attributed to BVS (1.1%), whereas a total of 11 definite, 1 probable, and 8 possible thromboses were potentially attributable to BVS (2.3%). Definite device thrombosis occurred in 7/122 patients with “hybrid intervention” (5.7%).

Conclusions

In a large real‐world cohort treated with BVS, the rate of scaffold thrombosis was higher than published for randomized trials. A high rate of thrombosis was observed after combined implantation of BVS and stents within one vessel. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Production Based on Coal Gasification Integrated with a Dual Chemical Looping Process
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Luling , Zhang Zheng , Chen Hu , Zhang Le , Wang Feng
Published: May 2016

The performance of an innovative hydrogen production technology, which is based on a coal gasification system integrated with a dual chemical looping process, namely, chemical looping air separation (CLAS) and calcium looping CO2 absorption (CaL), is evaluated. CLAS offers an advantage over other mature technologies in that it can reduce capital costs considerably. CaL is an efficient method for hydrogen production and CO2 capturing. The proposed technologies are studied by Aspen Plus based on the Gibbs free energy minimization principle. The key factors in terms of reduction temperature, gasification pressure, temperature of water‐gas shift reaction, and water consumption, which proved to have a significant impact on the performance of the whole hydrogen generation process, are discussed.
Pd–Porphyrin Oligomers Sensitized for Green‐to‐Blue Photon Upconversion: The More the Better?
Authors: Xun Zhiqing , Zeng Yi , Chen Jinping , Yu Tianjun , Zhang Xiaohui , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yi
Published: May 2016

A series of directly meso‐meso‐linked Pd–porphyrin oligomers (PdDTP‐M, PdDTP‐D, and PdDTP‐T) have been prepared. The absorption region and the light‐harvesting ability of the Pd–porphyrin oligomers are broadened and enhanced by increasing the number of Pd–porphyrin units. Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) systems were constructed by utilizing the Pd–porphyrin oligomers as the sensitizer and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA) as the acceptor in deaerated toluene and green‐to‐blue photon upconversion was observed upon excitation with a 532 nm laser. The triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion quantum efficiencies were found to be 6.2 %, 10.5 %, and 1.6 % for the [PdDTP‐M]/DPA, [PdDTP‐D]/DPA, and [PdDTP‐T]/DPA systems, respectively, under an excitation power density of 500 mW cm−2. The photophysical processes of the TTA‐UC systems have been investigated in detail. The higher triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion quantum efficiency observed in the [PdDTP‐D]/DPA system can be rationalized by the enhanced light‐harvesting ability of PdDTP‐D at 532 nm. Under the same experimental conditions, the [PdDTP‐D]/DPA system produces more 3DPA* than the other two TTA‐UC systems, benefiting the triplet–triplet annihilation process. This work provides a useful way to develop efficient TTA‐UC systems with broad spectral response by using Pd–porphyrin oligomers as sensitizers.
Generation of Benzyne Species from Diphenylphosphoryl Derivatives: Simultaneous Exchange of Three Functional Groups
Authors: Gorobets Evgueni , Parvez Masood , Derksen Darren J. , Keay Brian A.
Published: May 2016

Interaction of (2‐diphenylphosphoryl‐3‐iodo‐4‐methoxy‐phenyl) methanol with NaH in DMF at ambient temperature results in the generation of benzyne intermediates that can be trapped by furan or DMF. Trapping with DMF forms 3‐(dimethylaminomethyl)‐2‐hydroxy‐6‐methoxybenzaldehyde demonstrating the simultaneous exchange of three functionalities in a single step. The presence of the alkoxy substituent adjacent to iodine is critical for high regioselectivity addition of DMF. The corresponding bromide or triflate can be used in place of the iodide with equal efficiency. This methodology was used to synthesize the reported structure of gigasol and leading to a structural reassignment of this biscoumarin natural product.
Switchable [3+2] and [4+2] Heteroannulation of Primary Propargylamines with Isonitriles to Imidazoles and 1,6‐Dihydropyrimidines: Catalyst Loading Enabled Reaction Divergence
Authors: Tong Shuo , Wang Qian , Wang Mei‐Xiang , Zhu Jieping
Published: May 2016

Isonitrile 1 due to its carbene‐like reactivity serves generally as a one‐carbon synthon in a diverse set of organic transformations. We report in this article that the isocyano group can also act as a polarized triple bond to undergo, as a two‐atom synthon, heteroannulation with primary propargylamines 15. In addition, we serendipitously discovered that the reaction pathways can be modulated by simply changing the catalyst loading. In the presence of 0.1 equiv of Yb(OTf)3 or TfOH, the reaction between 1 and 15 afforded exclusively imidazoles 16 by a formal [3+2] cycloaddition. At a higher catalyst loading (Yb(OTf)3 (0.4 equiv) or TfOH (0.5 equiv)) under otherwise identical conditions, the same reaction furnished 1,6‐dihydropyrimidines 17 in good to excellent yields by way of a formal [4+2] cycloaddition process. Mechanistic investigations indicated that both annulations went through an amidine intermediate resulting from the insertion of the isocyano group to the NH bond of the primary amine. Subsequent catalyst‐loading‐dependent 5‐exo‐dig or 6‐endo‐dig cyclization provided selectively the two heterocycles, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE OF STRONTIUM GALLIUM SELENIDE (SRGA2SE4), A NEW VARIANT OF THE THALLIUM MONOSELENIDE TYPE
Authors: KLEE W. , SCHAEFER H. +
Published: May 2016

wird röntgenographisch bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE MAGNESIUM OCTACHLOROTRIMERCURATE(II) HEXAHYDRATE (MGHG3CL8.6H2O)
Authors: BRODERSEN K. , PEZZEI G. , THIELE G.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Kristallisation aus wäßrigen Lösungen von MgCl2 und HgCl, in Form farbloser Kristalle dargestellte Titelverbindung (für die Existenz von MgHgCLy 6 H2O un‐d Mg?gzClg 6 H2O wird kein Hinweis gefunden) kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe Pl mit Z=1.
ChemInform Abstract: GAMMA RADIATION EFFECTS ON THE STRENGTH OF A BOROSILICATE GLASS
Authors: ZDANIEWSKI W. A. , EASLER T. E. , BRADT R. C.
Published: May 2016

Bez. der Beseitigung von radioaktiven Abfallen durch Inkorporation in Borosilicat‐Glas wurde der Einfluß von "Co‐y‐Strahlung bis zu l0" rad untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF THE TRINUCLEAR AQUA MO3IV AND MO3III IONS IN ACIDIC MEDIA
Authors: PAFFETT M. T. , ANSON F. C.
Published: May 2016

Die Messungen (cyclische Voltammogramme, Polarogramme, ESR‐Spektren) zeigten, daß die Mo(IV)3 enthaltenden dreikernigen Ionen Mo3O4(H,O)3 und das Oxalatoderivat Mo3O4(C,O4)3(H,O)3 ′ in sauren Medien reversibel zu dreikernigen Mo(III)‐ Spezies reduziert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMICS OF THE CHEMILUMINESCENT OXIDATION OF ZINC ATOMS BY NITROUS OXIDE
Authors: WICKE B. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Dynamik von A wurde in einer neuen Molekularstrahl‐Apparatur aus Quellenkammer (Laser‐Verdampfung von einem Zn‐Film‐Target), Reaktionskammer (mit N2O‐ Gas und Photomultiplier) und Detektorkammer (mit Quadrupol‐Massenspektrometer) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SYMMETRY OF THE INTERMEDIATE IN THE HYDROXYLAMINE‐NITROUS ACID REACTION
Authors: BONNER F. T. , KADA J. , PHELAN K. G.
Published: May 2016

Massenspektren des Produktes N2O bei ′sN‐Tracer‐Untersuchungen zur Reaktion A im Aciditätsbereich von 5 M HClO4 bis pH 9 ergaben, daß N2O aus einer symm. Vorläuferspezies resultiert (Diskussion zu den Primärprodukten ON‐NHOH und H3NONO sowie zur cis‐H,N,O2‐Zers.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF URANIUM(V) AND URANIUM(VI) COMPOUNDS WITH THIONYL CHLORIDE
Authors: SAWODNY W. , REDIESS K. , THEWALT U.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion von UO3, UO2Cl2, UCl6 oder UCl5 führt in jedem Fall zu UCl5·SCl2, [SCl3]+[UCl6]‐ oder einem Gemisch von beiden, während das früher vermutete UCl5·OSCl2 nicht entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EASY PREPARATION WITH FULL CHARACTERIZATION OF PD6CL12: A FORM OF PALLADIUM CHLORIDE SOLUBLE IN AROMATIC SOLVENTS
Authors: YATSIMIRSKI A. , UGO R.
Published: May 2016

Bei der gemäß Reaktion Asehr einfach darstellbaren Titelverbindung handelt es sich, wie die röntgenographische und spektroskopische (MS, UV‐VIS) Charakterisierung sowie die Molekulargewichtsbestimmung in Benzol zeigen, um die von Schäfer et al. 1967 als β‐PdClg bezeichnete Form.
ChemInform Abstract: TREFOIL AROMATICS: A POTENTIALLY NEW CLASS OF AROMATIC MOLECULES
Authors: FUKUNAGA T. , SIMMONS H. E. , WENDOLOSKI J. J. , GORDON M. D.
Published: May 2016

Als "trefoil"‐ Aromaten werden Systeme bezeichnet, die eine Dreizentren‐Zweielektrauen‐Bindung im Zentrum eines Annulenperimeters mit [4n + 2l‐π‐Elektronen haben.
ChemInform Abstract: ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS VIA ACETAL TEMPLATES. 4. REACTIONS WITH SILYLACETYLENIC COMPOUNDS. FORMATION OF CHIRAL PROPARGYLIC ALCOHOLS
Authors: JOHNSON W. S. , ELLIOTT R. , ELLIOTT J. D.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion der Acetale (I) mit dem Acetylen (II) entstehen die Diastereomerengemische der Alkohole (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 5(4H)‐THIAZOLONES WITH DIAZOMETHANE
Authors: ARENAL I. , BERNABE M. , CUEVAS O. , ALVAREZ E. F.
Published: May 2016

Während das Zutropfen von CH2N2 zu Lösungen der Thiazolone (III) in Benzol hauptsächlich zu den E‐ und Z‐Spirothiazolonen (I) und (II) führt, läßt sich das Ringerweiterungsprodukt (IV) als Hauptprodukt erhalten, wenn (III) in eine eiskalte CH2N2‐Lösung in Ether eingeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ALDOL CONDENSATIONS PROMOTED BY A TETRAALKOXYSILANE IN THE PRESENCE OF FLUORIDE IONS
Authors: CHUIT C. , CORRIU R. J. P. , REYE C.
Published: May 2016

Die Aldolkondensation von Aldehyden (I) mit Tetramethoxysilan und Kaliumfluoria führt zu α,β‐ungesättigten Aldehyden (II), während Caesiumfluorid die Bildung von 1,3‐Dioxanen (III) vorzugsweise katalysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CUMULENE PHOTOCHEMISTRY: PHOTOREARRANGEMENT OF 1,2‐CYCLONONADIENE TO A BICYCLIC CYCLOPROPENE
Authors: STIERMAN T. J. , JOHNSON R. P.
Published: May 2016

Bei Umsätzen unter 2% bildet 1,2‐Cyclononadien (I) im Singulettzustand ausschließlich das gaschromatographisch abtrennbare, bicyclische Cyclopropen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO HAPLOPHYTINE. 1. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐METHOXY‐ AND 1‐HYDROXY‐6‐PHENYL‐6‐(2‐PIVALOYLAMIDOPHENYL)NON‐8‐ENE‐4,5‐DIONE AND 1‐METHYL‐3‐PHENYL‐3‐(2‐PIVALOYLAMIDOPHENYL)‐2‐PYRROLIDINONE
Authors: YATES P. , SCHWARTZ D. A.
Published: May 2016

Im Rahmen einer angestrebten Haplophytinsynthese wird versucht, die Säure (I), welche als Vorstufe zu einem Haplophytinbaustein aufzufassen ist, bzw. verwandte Verbindungen zu synthetisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACKS ON CARBON‐CARBON DOUBLE BONDS. PART 29. ROLE OF HYPERCONJUGATION IN DETERMINING THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF NUCLEOPHILIC EPOXIDATION AND CYCLOPROPANATION OF ELECTROPHILIC OLEFINS
Authors: APELOIG Y. , KARNI M. , RAPPOPORT Z.
Published: May 2016

Für eine Reihe von Ethylanionen wie z.B. (I) werden als Rotationsbarrieren Werte zwischen 3.9‐29.4 kcal/mol als Maß für die Fähigkeit zur Hyperkonjugation errechnet, wobei sich eine Abnahme in der Reihenfolge X = O, S, CHZ, mit abnehmender Elektronegativität des β‐ und mit der elektronenziehenden Fähigkeit des α‐Substituenten ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF POLYUNSATURATED ETHERS AND ESTERS BY MOLECULAR OXYGEN CATALYZED BY PALLADIUM SALTS
Authors: DZHEMILEVA G. A. , ODINOKOV V. N. , DZHEMILEV U. M. , TOLSTIKOV G. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Oxidation von mehrfach ungesättigten Estern und Ethern durch Sauerstoff unter dem Einfluß von Pd(ll l‐Salzen zu den entsprechenden ungesättigten Ketonen wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROGEN PEROXIDE OXIDATION OF α‐N,N‐DIALKYLAMINO KETONES
Authors: WENKERT D. , ELIASSON K. M. , RUDISILL D.
Published: May 2016

Aromatische Carbonsäuren (II) entstehen bei der oxidativen Fragmentierung der Aminoketone (I), (IV) und (V).
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSATION OF 1,3‐DIARYLUREAS WITH NITROSYL CHLORIDE, DINITROGEN TRIOXIDE AND DINITROGEN TETROXIDE IN DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: MIYAHARA M. , KAMIYA S. , NAKADATE M.
Published: May 2016

Die Nitrosierung der Diarylharnstoffe (I) zu den Nitrosoharnstoffen (III) wird vergleichend mit Nitrosylchlorid (II), Distickstofftrioxid und Distickstofftetroxid (lX) untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ASPECTS OF THE TELLUROXIDE ELIMINATION: A FACILE ELIMINATION OF SEC‐ALKYL PHENYL TELLUROXIDE LEADING TO OLEFINS, ALLYLIC ALCOHOLS, AND ALLYLIC ETHERS
Authors: UEMURA S. , FUKUZAWA S.
Published: May 2016

Die alkalische Hydrolyse der sek.‐Alkyl‐phenyl‐tellurdibromide (II) führt über die Telluroxide (III) zu einem Gemisch der 1‐Alkene (IV) (Hauptprodukte) mit den cis/trans‐ 2‐Alkenen (V), den sek. Alkoholen (VI) und den Ketonen (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF TRAUMATIC (2E‐DODECENDIOIC) ACID FROM DODECANDIOIC ACID
Authors: ZAKHARKIN L. I. , GUSEVA V. V. , CHURILOVA I. M.
Published: May 2016

Aus den gesättigten ap‐Dicarbonsäuren (I) lassen sich über die im Formelschema angegebenen Zwischenstufen die aJJs‐ungesättigten Dicarbonsäuren (V) gewinnen.
ChemInform Abstract: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 4‐OXOBUTANOIC ACID (SUCCINIC SEMIALDEHYDE) FROM 1,5‐CYCLOOCTADIENE
Authors: MANZOCCHI A. , ASTORI F. , SANTANIELLO E.
Published: May 2016

Das aus Cyclooctadicnziugiingliche Diol (I) wird durch Metaperiodat zum Dialdehyd (II) und weiter zur Dicarbonsäure (III) oxidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE IN SITU PREPARATION OF FULMINIC ACID
Authors: DE SARLO F. , BRANDI A. , GUARNA A. , GOTI A. , COREZZI S.
Published: May 2016

Trimethylsilylcarbonitriloxid (I) wird zur Fulmininsäure (II) hydrolysiert, die zu (III) dimerisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF β‐CYCLOPROPYL‐SUBSTITUTED VINYLCYCLOPROPANES DURING CATALYTIC CYCLOPROPENE‐VINYLCARBENE ISOMERIZATION OF 3‐METHYL‐3‐CYCLOPROPYL‐ AND 3,3‐DICYCLOPROPYLCYCLOPROPENES IN THE PRESENCE OF UNSATURATED HYDROCARBONS
Authors: TOMILOV YU. V. , BORDAKOV V. G. , TSVETKOVA N. M. , SHTEINSHNEIDER A. YA. , DOLGII I. E. , NEFEDOV O. M.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Isomerisierung aus (I) gebildeten Vinylcarbene (II) reagieren mit ungesättigten Kohlenwasserstoffen wie (III) zu den Alkenyl‐cyclopropanen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: .VECTOR.ECE.VECTOR.‐CATALYZED ISOMERIZATION OF QUADRICYCLANES
Authors: HOFFMANN R. W. , BARTH W.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart von Katalysatoren wie (III) oder (IV) isomerisieren Quadricyclan und seine Derivate (I) zu den Norbernadienen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ABSOLUTE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF (‐)‐ALBENE
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , BARDEN T. C.
Published: May 2016

Die absolute Struktur von (‐)‐Alben (IX) wird durch Korrelierung zwischen einem synthetischen Vorprodukt und β‐Santalen sichergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2‐BENZOYL‐3‐CHLORO‐2‐CYCLOHEXEN‐1‐ONES WITH SOME ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: TAMURA Y. , WADA A. , SASHO M. , KITA Y.
Published: May 2016

Metallorganische Verbindungen (H), (IV) und (VI) reagieren mit dem BenzoyI‐chlor‐cyclohexenon (I) unter 1,2‐Addition zu den cyclischen Allylalkoholen (III) und (V) oder zu den Alkylidenderivaten (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: VINYLIC QUINONES FROM THE BASE‐INDUCED DECOMPOSITION OF A QUINONE‐DIAZOALKANE ADDUCT
Authors: ALDERSLEY M. F. , DEAN F. M.
Published: May 2016

Das aus dem Naphthochinon (Ia) mit N‐Bromsuccinimid erhaltene Bromid (Ib) führt bei der Pyrolyse in geringer Ausbeute zum Chinon (ll).
ChemInform Abstract: THE FIRST SYNTHESIS OF OCTAKIS(ARYLTHIO)NAPHTHALENES: AN X‐RAY STUDY OF A NOVEL PRESSURE‐INDUCED COLOR AND CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE IN CRYSTALLINE OCTAKIS(PHENYLTHIO)NAPHTHALENE
Authors: BARBOUR R. H. , FREER A. A. , MACNICOL D. D.
Published: May 2016

Perfltiornaphthalin (I) reagiert mit den Arylthiolaten (II) zu den Perarylthionaphthalinen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW TYPE OF IONIC CLATHRANDS FOR NUMEROUS INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS
Authors: VOEGTLE F. + , LOEHR H.‐G. + , PUFF H. , SCHUH W.
Published: May 2016

Das Ammoniumsalz (Ia) bildet mit einer Reihe von kleinen Solvens‐Molekülen wie z.B. (II)‐(IV) stabile kristalline Clathrate.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE EPOXIDATION OF AN ALLYLIC ALCOHOL CATALYZED BY (ACETYLACETONATO)(L‐N‐METHYLPROLINOL)DIOXOMOLYBDENUM. THE DECREASE OF ENANTIOSELECTIVITY WITH CHEMICAL CONVERSION
Authors: COLEMAN‐KAMMULA S. , DUIM‐KOOLSTRA E. T.
Published: May 2016

Der Bis‐(acetylacetonato)‐dioxomolybdän‐Komplex (III) katalysiert in Gegenwart von L‐N‐Methylprolinol (IV) die Epoxidierung von 3‐Methyl‐ 2‐buten‐1‐ol (I) mit Cumol‐hydroperoxid (II) zu dem Epoxyalkohol (V).
ChemInform Abstract: AMMONOLYSIS OF ESTERS OF AZIRIDINECARBOXYLIC ACIDS
Authors: TRAPENTSIER P. T. , KALVIN'SH I. YA. , LIEPIN'SH E. E. , LUKEVITS E. YA.
Published: May 2016

Die Ammonolyse der Aziridincarbonsäureester (I) mit Ammoniak in Methanol oder anderen Alkoholen führt zu den Amiden (ll).
ChemInform Abstract: PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED AZIRIDINES FROM SULFURANES AND SCHIFF BASES OR ALDEHYDE ARYLHYDRAZONES
Authors: TEWARI R. S. , AWASTHI A. K. , AWASTHI A.
Published: May 2016

Aldimine (I) und Aldehyd‐arylhydrazone (IV) werden mit Sulfoniumsalz (II) unter Phasentransfer‐Bedingungen in Aziridine (III) bzw. (V) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: RESEARCH ON NITRO‐DERIVATIVES OF BIOLOGICAL INTEREST. XXIX. HYDROXYLATED 2‐NITRONAPHTHOFURAN DERIVATIVES, SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY AGAINST MICROORGANISMS
Authors: BUISSON J.‐P. , LAMOTTE G. , DEMERSEMAN P. , ROYER R. , CAVIER R.
Published: May 2016

Die IIydroxy‐nitro‐naphthofurane (V) lassen sich am besten durch Kondensation der Hydroxy‐aldehyde (III) [aus den Naphthylethern (I) über die Methoxy‐aldehyde (II) erhältlich] mit Bronmitromethan darstellen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐(2‐PYRROLYL)INDOLES
Authors: YUROVSKAYA M. A. , DRUZHININA V. V. , SNETKOVA E. V. , BUNDEL' YU. G.
Published: May 2016

Die Indolylacetoxime ( l) reagieren mit Acetylen (II) in einem Superbusen‐System zu Gemischen der Pyrrolylindole (III) und von deren N‐Vinyl‐Derivuten (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL RING CONTRACTION OF OXYGENATED PYRAZINES TO IMIDAZOLES VIA DIAZOXEPINES
Authors: O'CONNELL A. J. , PECK C. J. , SAMMES P. G.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den Pyrazinen (I) gebildeten Endoperoxide (II) reagieren mit Triphenylphosphin zu den Imidazolen (III) bzw. zu deren N′‐Isomeren.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (4AR,9AS,9BR)‐ AND (4AR,9AS,9BS)‐4A,6,6,9A‐TETRAMETHYL‐TRANS‐PERHYDRINDANO(2,1‐C)PYRANS
Authors: VLAD P. F. , UNGUR N. D.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Acetoxyethyl‐tetramethyl‐trans‐octahydronaphthalin (I) wird durch Epoxidation, Öffnung des Epoxidringes und Umlagerung mit Borfluoridetherat sowie Lithiumaluminiumhydrid‐Reduktion das Diol (IV) hergestellt und dieses sauer zum Perhydroindanopyran (V) dehydratisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FREE‐RADICAL PYRIDYLETHYLATION OF ARYLALKANES
Authors: GALUST'YAN G. G. , IL'YASOV E. A. , KADYROV CH. SH.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Toluol, Xylolen und Mesitylen (I) mit 2‐Vinylpyridin (II) unter thermischer Initiierung bei 300 bis 350°C führt vorwiegend zu 2‐(3‐Arylpropyl)‐pyridinen (III).