bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Fiber Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Christmas Palm Fiber-Polyester Composites
Authors: Kalyanasundaram S. , Jayabal S.
Published: December 2013

This paper aims at introducing and investigating the mechanical properties of new variety of natural fibers (Christmas palm fiber) used as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. It was inferred that the poor inter laminar bonding between the Christmas palm fibers and polyester matrix restricted the mechanical properties of the composites. Hence surface modifications of Christmas palm fibers by means of alkali treatment were done in a view to enhance the bonding nature of the Christmas palm fiber with polyester matrix. The composite fabrication is carried out using compression moulding machine and the mechanical properties were tested as per ASTM standards. The effect of soaking time and solution concentration of Sodium hydroxide on the mechanical properties of Christmas palm fiber reinforced polyester composites were studied and fiber treatment conditions for better mechanical properties are identified. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations showed that surface modification improved the fiber/ matrix adhesion which in turn enhanced the mechanical properties of the Christmas palm fiber reinforced polyester composite.
Evaluation of Influence of Cracks on DVC Coating Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Kim Sung Hyuk , Lee Dong Keun , Koo Jae Mean , Seok Chang Sung
Published: December 2013

TBCs (Thermal Barrier Coatings) are one technique for assuring appropriate endurance in extreme environments. DVC coating is a type of TBC that is applied by the insertion of artificial vertical cracks in a TBC to reduce the possibility of coating fracture. This study evaluates the influence crack depth and the distance between cracks, which are the main parameters of DVC coating, by FEM (Finite Element Method).
Environmental and Economic Model Life Cycle of Buildings Based on the Concept of "Green Building”
Authors: Borkovskaya Victoria G.
Published: December 2013

Purpose - to ensure sustainable development of the territory and incentives to increase the "green" building by improving the competitiveness of the buildings that have higher environmental and economic performance at all stages of the life cycle. A systematic analysis of standards of "green" building and the existing methodologies for life cycle assessment back. Developed and studied environmental-economic model of the life cycle of the building effectively, by identifying and organizing the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and to calculate the total cost of the building. These issues are discussed in this article.
Comparison of the Performance of the Calibration Algorithm of Wide-Angle Lens
Authors: Ha Jong Eun
Published: December 2013

Fish-eye lens is used in various applications due to wide coverage of scene. In particular, it can be effectively used in visual surveillance and surround monitoring in automotive. It has large radial distortion compared to the conventional lens with small field of view. In this paper, we present comparison results for the calibration of fish-eye lens. We compare two algorithms where one is available in OpenCV [ and the other is Devernay and Faugeras [. Also, we present experimental result according to the number of calibration points, initialization value. We evaluate the accuracy of calibration thorough 3D reconstruction by stereo system. It can give more reliable evaluation than using reprojection eror by single camera.
The Thermo-Mechanical Couple Analysis Base on Assembly
Authors: Hu Gui Chuan , Liu Jing Hua
Published: December 2013

Finite element simulation technology was applied to the steady heat transfer and thermo-mechanical coupling analysis in order to investigate the influence of thermal load on stress intensity and sealing performance. An finite element heat transfer model of cylinder head joint assembly was set up, based on which the steady heat transfer analysis was performed subsequently by applying reasonable boundary conditions and loads. The influence on cylinder head sealing performance due to thermal field under the thermal stress conditions was evaluated by using the finite element method. The results showed that the thermal load increases the bolt tensile force and the gasket pressure, which help to improve the sealing performance. Compared to the mechanical load case, the thermo-mechanical stress of the liner and the cylinder head is obviously increased, so the thermal load is not neglect able when calculating the stress intensity of the cylinder head and the cylinder liner.
A Mobile Robot Obstacle Avoidance Method Based on Improved Potential Field Method
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Lian Yu , Chen Wei
Published: December 2013

Proposing an obstacle avoidance method for mobile robot under unknown environment, which makes use of multiple ultrasonic sensors coordinating with each other and collects position information of obstacles followed by information fuzzy processing, applies artificial potential field method with improved potential function to project the travel path of the robot. It has solved the "deadlock" problem of the traditional artificial potential field method and achieved obstacle avoidance of mobile robot under unknown environment. By simulation analysis, robot obstacle avoidance can be implemented flexibly using this method.
The Design and Research of the New Energy Efficient Combustion Stove
Authors: Hong Ji Chao , Zhang Tie Zhu , Zhang Hong Xin
Published: December 2013

For overcoming flaws of traditional gas stove and kitchen ventilator, the structure and principle of internal combustion stove was proposed. While working, the mixture of oil smoke, water vapor, air and natural gas was completely mixed and burned in furnace chamber. The inner pressure of furnace chamber is higher than atmosphere. In the process of being emitted outdoor, the exhaust gas in high temperature heated the gas mixture into the furnace chamber. So theoretically, the internal combustion stove has these characters such as higher thermal efficiency, lower cost, easy maintenance, safety and environmental protection, and so on. The prototype was developed and the working principle of internal combustion Stove was verified. The flow state in the furnace chamber and the thermal of inlet pipe and exhaust pipe was analyzed based on ANSYS, GAMBIT and FLUENT. The verification test further confirmed the principle of internal combustion stove and was consistent with the experimental data, which has important reference value for the improvement and optimization in structure of internal combustion stove.
A Model and Decomposition Mechanism of Complex Task in MAS
Authors: Zhang Han , Guo Rui Feng , Geng Cong
Published: December 2013

In this paper, a complex task decomposition mechanism and the formal definition of atomic task and the complex task were proposed. The operation mechanism and the characteristics of MAS were firstly studied. Then, a hierarchical task decomposition mechanism is proposed according to the requirements of complex task decomposition in MAS. Finally, the formal definition of atomic task and the complex task based on DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) and TAEMS (Task Analysis, Environment Modeling and Simulation) in MAS are described.
Preparation of Magnetic Compositions of Diatomite
Authors: Korzhynbayeva Kuralay Beisenbaevna , Tazhibayeva Sagdat , Musabekov Kuanyshbek Bituovich , Mataev Mukhametkali Musagalievich , Zhanadilov Orynbay Yerbolatuli
Published: December 2013

A new magnetitediatomite compositions was synthesized by co-precipitation diatomite with Fe2+ and Fe3+ in the presence of diatomite. Magnetic compositions of diatomite were investigated using XRD and SEM. Comprehensive analysis for SEM and XRD data shows that the most favorable magnetic particle including to the diatomite pores in DM-15 and DM-30. Increasing of content of maghemite in compositions causes reduction of the proportion of smectite and mica, which is associated with the destruction of the crystal lattice. Determined by the interaction between the diatomite surface and including particles of magnetite and maghemite can be hydrogen bonds between the SiOH and SiOH2+-groups of the diatomite surface and the iron (II) and iron (III) oxides.
Artificial Photosynthesis of Formic Acid Using Iron Doped TiO2
Authors: Abidov Amir , Kim Sung Jin
Published: December 2013

Formic acid has attracted much of interest due to potential using in Direct-formic acid fuel cells. Photosynthesized formic can be used as the hydrogen carrier because it is liquid at standard temperature and pressure. It is much safer and easier for handling and storing than hydrogen. It can be directly fed to the fuel cell and not need to be reformed. In this paper formic acid was artificially photosynthesized in photocatalytical reactor using Iron ion doped TiO2. Water was used as a hydrogen source. CO2 was introduced using continuous bubbling. Highest formic acid yield was obtained at 600W visible light irradiation using 3g/L photocatalyst load and 5L/min CO2 gas flow rate at continuous stirring. Resulted acid was characterized using UV-visible absorbance spectrophotometer and gas chromatography (GC).
An Innovative but Low-Cost Mechanism for E-Payment, E-Ticketing, and E-Identity Document: A Case Study of Multiple Perspectives in Innovation Management
Authors: Chan Victor K.Y.
Published: December 2013

An innovative but low-cost mobile phone-based mechanism for e-payment, e-ticketing, and e-identity documents was proposed in an earlier article by Chan [1], who also discussed the business and technical rationales behind the innovation. Albeit it is still yet to see to what extent the mechanism will benefit the real world, it is no doubt an example of a mechanism developed with very minimal funding. In fact, the highest cost was related to its patent applications. Therefore, its development is a typical illustration of inexpensive innovation of ideas as opposed to costly experimentation and instrumentation. Specifically, this innovation, be it substantial or not, was initiated by and founded on multiple-perspective thinking, which had been popularized in educational systems and communities worldwide in recent years despite such thinking’s somewhat arcane philosophical origin. Being a qualitative, applied, industrial article instead of a piece of theoretical work, this article further elucidates the multiple-perspective model underlying the aforementioned innovation in order to exemplify the application of multiple-perspective thinking to innovation management in general. The model explores multiple perspectives as subsumed under the categories of objectives, time, locations, roles, and incidents. Further refining these categories by translating them into individual requirements of the mechanism, it ends up with what it is today. This case study underscores how multiple-perspective thinking can be leveraged as an integral and instrumental part of innovation management.
Frequency Analysis of the Motor Control Centers in a Nuclear Power Plant Using Testing and Simulating Methods
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Wu Yuan Chieh , Huang Chin Cheng
Published: December 2013

This study is aim to evaluate the seismic response of the motor control center cabinet in a nuclear power plant using shaking table test and 3D finite element analysis method. Three typical types of motor control center cabinet were used in this study and frequency curves and spectral response acceleration were used as the indices of the dynamic response. The results indicated that the resonance frequency for X and Y direction is about 12 Hz and 15 Hz, respectively, which is verified by the numerical results. The frequencies curves and spectral response acceleration generated by numerical and experimental method were similar and well fitting. Although the numerical method obtained the conservative results, the model accurately represents the dynamic characteristics of the actual motor control center cabinet for seismic verification.
Graded Silicon Nanostructure Arrays for Tailoring Antireflection Performances
Authors: Wang Cheng Chuan , Chen Chia Yun , Chou Ya Ching
Published: December 2013

Advances in nanofabrication have resulted in great potentials for improving in both device performance and the manufacturing process of various applications. One revolutionary example is silicon (Si) nanostructures, typically using Si nonopore arrays or Si nonowire arrays, to construct high efficient and low-cost solar cells. In this work, we develop the innovative combined nanostructure arrays with tailored structural profiles using inexpensive, simple and rapid etching processes, whose total reflection is suppressed to 1.6%, approximately 39% less than Si nonopore arrays, and 20% less than Si nanowire arrays. In addition, systematic investigations on wettability of textured Si surfaces reveal the inherent surface oxidation during etching process. These combined nanostructure arrays with tailored antireflection performances, along with the in-depth studies of underlying etching mechanisms, may benefit both the yield and cost efficiently in industrial standard of silicon solar cells.
Application of GIS on Rapid Evaluation for Potential Portal Areas of Tunnels
Authors: Wang Iau Teh
Published: December 2013

Stability of tunnel portal depends on lots of factors, such as existing topography, engineering geology, hydrogeology as well as portal layout designated and stability measurements adopted, etc. Location of portals is one of the most important issues for route selection and planning stage of tunnel engineering. Thus, it is usually a mission of well-experienced engineers and also a time-consuming task. Recently, the well development of geographic information system (GIS) provides a better way to assess the slope stability of potential area for tunneling. There are great numbers of researches focusing on the evaluation on potential hazard or stability degree of existing slopes; however, the potential instability caused by possible excavation due to layout designation is seldom to be taken into account in these researches. Consequently,the present work aims to set up a GIS based method, considering the possible impacts caused by portal excavation, to quickly assess the stability of portal. First, the conventional profiles used in portals are taken into account and typical excavated slope ratios are introduced. Then, based on the digital elevation model, the potential excavated area for a location with considered elevation, said the critical wedge, can be determined accordingly. The analysis method for infinite slope is then applied to evaluation the stability of the critical wedge. Comparison with the results from slice method shows that the proposed method provides a reasonable estimation. Application to a tunnel with 6 portals, some instability occurred during construction, meets well with the situations. Using the embedded function of GIS, the safety factor then can be obtained by means of the proposed method. As various slope ratios and distinct elevation are considered, the analyzed results provide valuable information for tunnel portal selection.
Weibull Component Reliability Prediction with Masked Data
Authors: Li Xiao Gang , Yuan Kun
Published: December 2013

Under the conditions that the exact component causing system failure may be unknown or masked, we present an iterative approach to estimate the component lifetime parameters of a system consisting of two Weibull components. The time and cause of system failure are assumed to follow a competing risks model, and the masking probability of minimum random subsets are not subjected to the symmetry assumption. On the basis of considering the effect of failure time and component, we redefine the computation of masking probability and the likelihood function is derived for the masked data. An iterative procedure for finding the maximum likelihood estimates is presented via an EM algorithm. The developed approach is illustrated with a simple numerical example.
A Multi-Agent System for Multi-Level Based Environmental and Physiological Signal Monitoring and Analysis
Authors: Chou Yu Cheng , Liao Wei Chich , Chen Yan Liang
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a prototype C-based multi-agent system, called Sensor Agent Cloud (SAC), for multi-level based environmental and physiological signal monitoring and analysis. The SAC has a four-layered system architecture including the user interface layer, regulation layer, sensor agent group layer and sensor node layer. Two ultra-compact PC-based sensor nodes are prototyped by individually integrating a fully functional ultra-compact computer with two kinds of embedded systems. Proof-of-concept examples on sensor node data retrieval are used to illustrate and validate the low-level operations for SAC administrators through C/C++ mobile agents as well as the high-level operations for SAC end-users through Google Cloud services.
Thermoelectric Properties of Transition Metal Deposited MWCNT Buckypaper
Authors: Liu Jih Hsin , Saravanan Lakshmanan , Miao Hsin Yuan , Wang Li Chih
Published: December 2013

In this work, we report the preparation of transition metal deposited flexible multiwalled carbon nanotube buckypaper for thermoelectric applications. MWCNT buckypaper prepared by dispersion and filtration method was then deposited with the transition metals such as silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) by the electrodeposition method. We measured the voltage yield of Ag and Cu-doped buckypaper by making the temperature gradient along the sample. We established the temperature dependent Seebeck coefficient for Ag and Cu-doped buckypaper and found significant increase in the S(T). It is also revealed that remarkable rise in the value of S(T) and output voltage by connecting 3-sheets of BP in series. Here we determined the enhancement of Seebeck coefficient by increasing the number of BP sheets, thereby improving the thermoelectric efficiency. Furthermore, these paper-like CNT films show good flexibility, which makes them possible to be widely applied in various flexible energy conversion devices.
Corrosion Risk of Welded Steel Frames in the Urban Areas of Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ker Chun , Liou Kuen Tai , Chang Heui Yung
Published: December 2013

This paper reviews the recent experimental work on steel welds and connections, as to investigate the effects of corrosion on steel welded frames in the urban areas in Taiwan. In the first part of the paper, the tensile strengths have been compared for steel welds with and without rust. In the worst case, the steel plates were placed outdoors for 9 months, as to cause pitting on the welding surface (i.e. the rust level was raised to the SSPC level D). The rust was found to reduce the strength 5% on average. In the second part, the hysteresis loops were depicted and compared for the 2 connections taken from an existing building. The connections were tested after being exposed to air and moisture 10 years. The non-rehabilitated connection developed strength well until the top beam flange fractured at the interstory drift over 3%. Despite that, the connection tests didnt show any impacts of corrosion. Based on the above work, corrosion can be considered to affect the steel welded frames in Taiwan, but to a limited extent.
The Interaction between Adjacent Structures with Different Foundation Levels under Earthquake Loading
Authors: Han Kyoung Bong , Cho Doo Yong
Published: December 2013

The aim of this paper is to study the interaction between adjacent structures with different foundation levels under earthquake loading conditions. Structures and soil are represented by two different models. In the first case, the structure itself is modeled with standard frame element, whereas the soil behavior is stimulated by a special grid model. In the second case, the structure and soil are represented by plane stress or plane strain elements. The Interaction between the two structures is demonstrated and discussed via numerical examples using the proposed method and program. In case of the structures having shallow foundations, the interaction is small and negligible. If the foundation of one structure is shallow and the other one deep, then the interaction renders the forces in one structure 20% smaller than those in a single shallow structure, If the neighboring structures have the same deep foundation level, then due to interaction the forces in one structure are 25% larger than those in a single deep structure.
Morphology and Microstructure of Aggregates and Gelation Behaviour of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Xylene Solution
Authors: Chen Jean Hong , Li Jian Yi , Chen Lung Chuan , Su Ching Iuan
Published: December 2013

In this work, we investigate the morphology and microstructure of the aggregates, and the gelation behaviour of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) conjugated polymer in xylene solution as functions of P3HT concentration and aging time by the means of ageing time test, wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible absorption (UV-vis) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. The result reveals that the gelation time of P3HT/xylene solution decreases markedly with increasing P3HT concentration. The photophysical properties of the P3HT aggregates in P3HT/xylene solution increase as P3HT concentration and ageing time are raised. It indicates that the well soluble P3HT polymer chains in xylene solution present microphase separation and self-assemble into stiff sheetlike structure, which associates by rodlike nanowhiskers of P3HT polymers during aging. Upon prolonged aging, the sheetlike structure of P3HT aggregates to from the three-dimension network that improves the electronic particle mobility in the organic solar cell.
Modal Identification of Structures from Seismic Response Data via Amplitude-Dependent Time Series Model
Authors: Su Wei Chih , Huang Chiung Shiann , Liu Ching Yu
Published: December 2013

The present work develops a novel procedure of establishing a amplitude-dependent time series model for a nonlinear system and estimating the instantaneous modal parameters of the system from the dynamical responses. The undetermined coefficient in a amplitude-dependent autoregressive with exogenous input (amplitude-dependent ARX) model are assumed as function s of amplitude and are expanded by shape functions constructing by moving least-squares with polynomial basis functions. The amplitude of dynamical responses could be obtained by Hilbert transform. The instantaneous modal parameters of the system are directly estimated from the coefficient in the amplitude-dependent ARX model. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to process measured data for a frame specimen subjected to a series of base excitations in shaking table tests. The specimen was damaged during testing. The identified modal parameters are consistent with observed physical phenomena.
Research on Human Resource Strategy under Customer Demand Using System Dynamics for the Thin Film Sputtering Target Material Industry
Authors: Lan Tian Syung , Lan Chun Hsiung , Chen Pin Chang , Chuang Kai Chi
Published: December 2013

This study integrates the forecast capacity and superiority of dynamic simulation of back-propagation network (BPN) and system dynamics, thereby enabling the target industries to formulate coping strategies and to make adjustment in both production capabilities and manpower. The main purpose of this study is to assess and confirm what the most effective policy is for production and human resources. The forecasting result of this study indicates that Correlation and R-squared values reach 0.99852 and 0.994961 respectively after a training of BPN. Certainly, BPN serves as an effective method of forecasting target sales. Finally, the forecast value of the next three years is worked out through situational simulation of complex production models in system dynamics. The final result of this study shows that the optimum manpower should be 10 workers for the years 2011-2013, as well as the projected result will be a rise in production yield of up to 2.54%. It is the most profitable scenario for the company.
Effect on Vibroengineering of Material Deterioration in a Scale-Down Reinforced Concrete Containment Vessel Specimen
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Wu Yuan Chieh , Chu Tung Liang , Cheng An
Published: December 2013

This study is aim to evaluate the natural frequency variation of the scale-down reinforced concrete containment vessel specimen under accelerated corrosion conditions. A plastic ring was sealed around the perimeter of the cylindrical vessel bottom with the 3.5 % NaCl solution to achieve the accelerated corrosion test. Concrete resistivity, open circuit potential, corrosion rate and natural frequencies were tested and discussed in this study. Test results presented that the accelerated corrosion method with a direct 60 voltage applied was a suitable method for estimating and accelerating the concrete vessel specimen. Therefore, the changes in natural frequencies were consistent with the material degradation of the concrete vessel specimen. The natural frequencies decreased with the increasing corrosion rate or decreasing resistivities for the specimen at higher mode, but would be no change for the specimen at the natural frequency of 1st mode.
A Simulation Study of the Treatment Effects for the 1064 nm Nd:YAG Laser under Various Fluence and Pulse Durations
Authors: Seo Min Ji , Park Sung Yun , Lee Ju Hwan , Kim Sung Min
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze treatment effect for skin aging according to changes of fluence and pulse duration of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser. For this purpose, we designed skin model composed of epidermis, dermis, and fat, and each layer had similar thickness of facial skin. Environmental temperature was set to 26°C, and the initial temperature of each skin layer was designated as human body temperature (36.5°C). The fluence of the treatment laser was divided into 8, 9 and 10J/cm2, and the pulse duration was classified to 0.35, 0.50, 0.70 and 1.00ms, respectively. Based on experimental results, we found that the skin temperature increased along with penetration depth as increase in fluence. In addition, the treatment condition with fluence of 8J/cm2 and pulse duration of 0.7ms, as well as fluence of 9J/cm2 and pulse duration of 0.5ms, transmitted the heat into the dermis most effectively without any skin damage.
Assessment of the UVB Transmittance Measurement Uncertainty in Conformity with ISO/IEC 17025
Authors: Shieh Jen Yu , Huang Song Yuh , Huang Song Chi , Lin Kun Hsien , Huang Wei Cheng
Published: December 2013

The main purpose of this research is to construct a laboratory for testing standard. It refers to the spirit of ISO/IEC 17025 Standard, and follows Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO GUM) made by ISO organization. The content includes UV test system construction, UVB transmittance measurement uncertainty, and the plan of measurement quality assurance that assures the stable operation of the laboratory system. Construct the equations of measurement uncertainty by the system methods that apply to the UVB transmittance measurement of car insulation film, and evaluate the variance with transmittance measurement measured by UV spectroradiometer. As for the results of transmittance measurement, the transmittance is between 0.87214 and 1.02146(%) with single wavelength of 294.5nm. There is little difference between the manufacturer label value and the measured one. The verification proofs the effectiveness of the system, and allows the tests of commercial UV-cut products fit the international and world standards.
Heat Transfer of Oscillating Fluid through Finned Heat Sink with Top Bypass Clearance
Authors: Jeng Tzer Ming , Tzeng Sheng Chung , Hsu Wei Ting , Xu Guan Wei
Published: December 2013

This work experimentally investigated the effect of the oscillating flow on the heat transfer enhancement of the finned heat sink with top bypass clearance. The cooling system of the finned heat sink usually employs the steady flow with fixed flow rate to complete the objective of forced convection. This work designed and manufactured a device to oscillate air flow. The experimental results indicate that it would obtain 10~34% heat-transfer increment for the oscillating-flow cases with sufficiently small bypass clearance. It demonstrates that the oscillating flow does promote the cooling performance of finned heat sink.
Preparation and Investigation of Co-Dispersed MWCNT Buckypaper for the Microwave Absorption
Authors: Saravanan Lakshmanan , Liu Jih Hsin , Miao Hsin Yuan , Wang Li Chih
Published: December 2013

The paper deals with the preparation of cobalt nanoparticles dispersed multi walled carbon nanotube buckypaper by the dispersion and filtration method to study the electromagnetic (microwave) absorption properties. From the X-ray diffraction the crystallite size of the cobalt nanoparticles of 33.04 nm was calculated. FESEM image clearly indicates the presence of cobalt nanoparticles in the buckypaper. Microwave-absorbing properties were investigated in terms of measuring the transmission coefficient (S21) with MWCNT-buckypaper as the absorber using microstrip line in a frequency range of 2–20 GHz. Compared to the pure buckypaper the absorption peak of the Co-CNT composites move to the lower frequency by dispersing the Co nanoparticles into the MWCNT-BP.
Harmonic Analysis and Filter Design for the Light Rail Transit Systems
Authors: Hsu Cheng Ting , Huang Hung Ming , Cheng Tsun Jen , Tsai Lian Jou
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the light rail transit system (lrts) impact on the harmonic pollution of distribution feeder. To investigate the dynamic responses of the system voltage and current, the distribution system and lrts models are set up well by using the Alternative Transients Program (ATP). The harmonic analysis of the distribution system with the lrts is executed under various operation scenarios. The 6-pulses and 12-pulses rectifier are adopted for the lrts with a direct current (dc) power supply to the trams. Furthermore, the well-designed filters have also applied to improve the harmonic distortion resulted from the lrts.
Finite Element Analysis of Bridge-Vehicle System with Randomness
Authors: Chang Tai Ping
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the statistical dynamic behavior on the bridge-vehicle interaction problem with randomness in material properties and moving loads. The bridge is modeled as a beam with Gaussian random elastic modulus and mass density of material with random moving forces on top. The mathematical model of the bridge-vehicle system is established based on the finite element model in which the Gaussian random processes are represented by the Karhunen-Loéve expansion. Some statistical response such as the mean value and standard deviation of the deflections of the beam are obtained and checked by Monte Carlo simulation.
Effect of Bi2O3 Addition on the Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-Bi0.5(Na0.93K0.07)0.5TiO3 Ceramics
Authors: Wang Chun Huy
Published: December 2013

In the present study, various quantities of Bi2O3 were added into 0.98(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3-0.02Bi(Na0.93K0.07)TiO3 (0.98NKN-0.02BNKT) ceramics. It was found that 0.98NKN-0.02BNKTwith the addition of 0~0.5 wt.% Bi2O3 exhibit relatively good piezoelectric properties. For 0.98NKN-0.02BNKT ceramics, the electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode kp and the thickness mode kt reach 0.40 and 0.47,respectively. For 0.98NKN-0.02BNKT ceramics with the addition of 0.3 wt.% Bi2O3, the electromechanical coupling coefficients ofthe planar mode kp and the thickness mode kt reach 0.50 and 0.53, respectively. It is obvious that 0.98NKN-0.02BNKT solid solution ceramics by adding low quantities of Bi2O3 is one of the promising lead-free ceramics for electromechanical transducer applications.
Stress Distribution Analysis of Different Types of Blade for a Fermentation System
Authors: Wang Cheng Chi , Cheng Po Jen , Liu Kuo Chi
Published: December 2013

Fermentation system is widely used for food manufacturing, materials processing and chemical reaction etc. Different types of blade in the tank for fermentation cause distinct stress distributions on the surface between fluid and blade, and appear various flow fields in the tank. So, this paper is mainly focused on analyzing the stress field of blades under different scales of blade with fixing rotational speed. The results show that the ratio of blade length to width influences stress distribution on the blades. At the same time, the inclined angle of blade is also the key parameter for the consideration of design and appropriate design will decrease the maximum stress. The results provide an effective means of gaining insights into the stress distribution of fermentation system.
Five-Axis NC Program Conversion for Inclined Plane Machining
Authors: Cheng Hsin Yu , Kao Yung Chou
Published: December 2013

Machining processes on an inclined plane include mostly hole making, profiling, and pocketing. It comprises of 80% - 90% cutting process in five-axis machining and is therefore very important in multi-axis machining work. However, five-axis machining processes are normally difficult to introduce and to use because five-axis CAD/CAM and post-processor are normally demanded to generate five-axis NC program even though it is for the 2D contour machining on a plane with inclined angle. Therefore, this paper studies the inclined plane machining methods and extends traditional three-axis milling machining processes and methods so as to directly convert 2-1/2 and three-axis NC program into five-axis machining program to ease the application of five-axis machining processes. This study integrates the developed three-axis NC program interpreter, inclined plane coordinates transformation, and post-processor to simply the inclined plane NC programming. Two-dimensional NC program on a plane can be converted into five-axis NC program on the inclined-plane by the proposed methodology. Case study has been utilized to verify the utilization and correctness of the proposed methodology
Development of a Virtual Milling Machining Center Simulation System with Switchable Modular Components
Authors: Wei Chen Lung , Cheng Hsin Yu , Yu Chi Yuang , Kao Yung Chou
Published: December 2013

The application of traditional three-axis milling machine center is very popular and the related application technology is also much matured resulting in mechanical components to be machined with good quality. Machine tool has therefore become an inevitable facility in precision manufacturing. Furthermore, the pursuit of higher precision machining has thus demanding five-axis machine tool to be adopted owing to its flexibility and capability in machining more precise mechanical components in shorter time. However, one of the key factors for the popularity in smooth introduction of five-axis machine tool would be based on a very user friendly learning and teaching environment. This is partly because two more rotational axes in a five-axis machine tool could generate very complex toolpath movement that is out of the imagination of a general operator. Furthermore, the price of an industrial five-axis machine tool is not normally affordable by an educational institute; to the worse, the maintenance cost is also very high. There is very high risk for a novice to collide during the learning process and this will generally cause big worry of a teacher.
This paper aims for the development of a virtual machining center simulation system with switchable modular components to ease the learning process in getting acquainted with a five-axis machine tool. A five-axis machine tool consists generally of two modules: (1) CNC controller and Operation panel, and (2) machine tool hardware. The developed system will provide the novice with four CNC controller with operation human machine interface (HMI), and three typical types of five-axis machine tool, Head-Head (HH), Head-Table (HT), and Table-Table (TT), are also supported. The developed modularized and switchable machining center simulation system has been successfully developed and is very helpful to both learner and teacher
Hysteretic Nonlinear Characteristics and Stochastic Bifurcation of Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
Authors: Xu Jia , Zhu Zhi Wen
Published: December 2013

Hysteretic nonlinear characteristics and stochastic bifurcation of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester was studied in this paper. Piezoelectric ceramics was adhesively bonded on the substrate of cantilever beam to make piezoelectric cantilever beam. Von de Pol difference item was introduced to interpret the hysteretic phenomena of piezoelectric ceramics, and then the nonlinear dynamic model of piezoelectric cantilever beam subjected to axial stochastic excitation was developed. The stochastic stability of the system was analyzed, and the steady-state probability density function and the joint probability density function of the dynamic response of the system were obtained. Finally, the conditions of stochastic Hopf bifurcation were determined. Numerical simulation shows that stochastic Hopf bifurcation appears when bifurcation parameter varies, which can increase vibration amplitude of cantilever beam system and improve the efficiency of piezoelectric energy harvester. The results of this paper are helpful to application of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester in engineering fields.
The Characteristic Comparison of the Accelerometer and the Gyroscope Using the Pendulum Model of Body Sway
Authors: Kaewkannate Kanitthika , Han Gyucheol , Kim Sung Min , Kim Soochan
Published: December 2013

The accelerometer and gyroscope are used to identify the postural control disease as regards to the posturographic or sway analysis. For example, a gyroscope attached on the waist or head provides the several information such as sway area, sway velocity and others. However, prevalent methods did not describe the optimal position or reliable sensor for analysis. The purpose of this study is to observe and compare characteristics of accelerometers and gyroscopes according to attached positions because it can give the different results. We are assuming a pendulum model when the body sway, the 3-axis calibrated sensor accelerometer and gyroscope were attached on the different positions. From the experimental results, we have confirmed that the reliability of the accelerometers is depends on the position of the pendulum model contrast for the gyroscopes.
The Analysis of Magnetorheological Brake Structure with Multiple Poles
Authors: Shiao Yao Jung , Nguyen Quang Anh , Huang Guan Da
Published: December 2013

Magnetorheological (MR) brake is broadly applied in various fields. As the increase in demand of bicycle training equipment, this paper introduces a MR brake with multiple poles and outer rotor structure, which can be used as resistant source for bicycle-training equipment. With outer-rotor structure, the MR brake is suitable to use as a roller to fit the bike rear wheel on. The equipment is specifically designed for indoor exercise for users with their bikes. Magnetic circuit of the MR brake was built and analyzed. Key factors to affect brake torque were found. After that, two structures of the MR brake with different pole number were simulated to find the optimal one to harmonize between maximum output torque and input power. The simulation results confirm the feasibility of the designed MR brake. With compact design, its braking performance is enough to be use on bicycle-training equipment.
Stability and Dynamic Analysis of the Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
Authors: Liu Chin Chia
Published: December 2013

The nonlinear dynamic behavior of the micro actuators is analyzed in this paper. In general, analysis of the electrostatic device is quite difficult and complicated due to the electrostatic coupling effect and the nonlinear electrostatic force. In this study, a hybrid method for the micro-structure system, which combines the differential transformation and finite difference approximation techniques, is used to overcome the nonlinear electrostatic coupling phenomenon. The analysis takes account of the electrostatic coupling effect, the fringing field effect, the residual stress, the nonlinear electrostatic force and squeeze-film damping effect. Finally, the actuating conditions which ensure the stability of the micro actuators are identified by reference to phase portraits.
Study on Biohydrogen Production of Dark Fermentation with the Stimulation of Ultrasonic
Authors: Hsia Shao Yi , Wang Ching Hsiung , Chou Yu Tuan
Published: December 2013

The development and utilization of energy has played a key role in the human civilization process, and fossil fuels have become the major energy supply after Industrial Revolution. However, with the massive utilization of fossil fuels, petroleum and natural gas will be exhausted, and people will face the risk of energy shortages. For this reason, the development of clean, efficient, and renewable energy should be a priority. Hydrogen is considered a safe and secure energy source for human health and the global environment, as it does not emit any pollutants while burning. Hence, this study combines biohydrogen production of dark fermentation with ultrasonic to explore the effects of ultrasonic frequency, amplitude and exposure time on biohydrogen production of dark fermentation. The experimental results show that the largest biohydrogen production appears when the ultrasonic frequency being 1MHz and the ultrasonic exposure time is 15 min for exposure and 15 min for termination. It is therefore possible to find the optimal hydrogen production condition and to further understand the effect of ultrasonic on microorganisms.
Implementation and Validation of ECG-Derived Respiration with QRS Characteristics
Authors: Lin Shyan Lung , Chen Ching Kun , Chien Ching Sheng
Published: December 2013

This study presents a method for reconstructing respiration signals from ECG tracings based on average electrical-cardiac-axis theory with heart rate variability. The algorithm is simplified to use QRS characteristic points and subsequent spectrum analysis. The experiments were conducted on eight healthy patients during rest with spontaneous (voluntarily) and paced breathings. Five QRS characteristic series are constructed, and the corresponding electrocardiography (ECG)-derived respiration (EDR) is compared with measured data. The experiment results show the R-Q-S series-derived respiration exhibited superior correlation with the original respiration from the perspective of breathing frequency.
Analysis of Non-Fourier Thermal Behavior in Layered Tissue with Pulse Train Heating
Authors: Liu Kuo Chi , Wang Cheng Chi , Cheng Po Jen
Published: December 2013

This paper investigates the thermal behavior in laser-irradiated layered tissue, which was stratified into skin, fat, and muscle. A modified nonFourier equation of bio-heat transfer was developed based on the second-order Taylor expansion of dual-phase lag model. This equation is a fourth order partial differential equation and can be simplified as the bio-heat transfer equations derived from Pennes model, thermal wave model, and the linearized form of dual-phase lag model. The boundary conditions at the interface between two adjacent layers become complicated. There are mathematical difficulties in dealing with such a problem. A hybrid numerical scheme is extended to solve the present problem. The deviations of the results from the bio-heat transfer equations based on Pennes model, thermal wave model and dual-phase lag model are presented and discussed.
Contour Data Acquisition System for Electric Vehicle Distance Estimation Method
Authors: Chew Kuew Wai , Leong C.K. , Goi Bok Min
Published: December 2013

The conventional distance estimation system only uses a constant speed and a constant level of road elevation to estimate the driving mileage for a vehicle. This technique leads to a low accuracy. In the current project, a new estimation technique namely; the Contour Positioning System (CPS) for an electric vehicle has been proposed. The CPS has a better estimation on the electric vehicle battery usage because of the consideration of road elevation, regenerative energy etc. In order to perform the CPS calculation, the elevation profile of the selected destination must be known. In this paper, the technique to extract the elevation profile i.e. latitude, longitude and altitude has been performed and evaluated using Google Maps or Google EarthÒ. This method enables the user to obtain the road information and compute the amount of energy needed to reach the said destination.
FPGA Implementation of a High-Speed Two Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform
Authors: Hsieh Chin Fa , Tsai Tsung Han
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes high-speed VLSI architecture for implementing a forward two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2D DWT). The architecture is based on 2D DWT mathematical formulae. A pipelined scheme is used to increase the clock rate, which allows its critical path to take only one adder delay. The proposed design enables 100% hardware use and faster computing than other 2D DWT architecture. It is easily extended to multilevel decomposition because of its regular structure. It requires N/2 by N/2 clock cycles for k-level analysis of an N by N image. The proposed architecture was coded in VerilogHDL and verified on a real time platform which uses a CMOS image sensor, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a TFT-LCD panel. In the simulation, the design worked with a clock period of 132.38MHz. It can be used as an independent IP core for various real-time applications.
Application of TRACE and FRAPTRAN in the Spent Fuel Pool of Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Wang Jong Rong , Lin Hao Tzu , Li Wan Yun , Chen Shao Wen , Shih Chun Kuan
Published: December 2013

In the nuclear power plant (NPP) safety, the safety analysis of the NPP is very important work. In Fukushima NPP event, due to the earthquake and tsunami, the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed and the safety issue of the spent fuel pool generated. In this study, the safety analysis of the Chinshan NPP spent fuel pool was performed by using TRACE and FRAPTRAN, which also assumed the cooling system of the spent fuel pool failed. There are two cases considered in this study. Case 1 is the no fire water injection in the spent fuel pool. Case 2 is the fire water injection while the water level of the spent fuel pool uncover the length of fuel rods over 1/3 full length. The analysis results of the case 1 show that the failure of cladding occurs in about 3.6 day. However, the results of case 2 indicate that the integrity of cladding is kept after the fire water injection.
Step-Stress Accelerated Degradation Testing of NBR Sealing Ring
Authors: Wang Xiao Hong , Wang Li Zhi , Zhang Xin , Li Qiu Xi
Published: December 2013

As an important performance parameter of nitrile-butadiene rubber（NBR）sealing ring, the compression set is a main factor influencing rubber's life. Using the compression set amount as its degradation measurement and the temperature as accelerating stress, we perform the design and actual implementation of a set of accelerated degradation test of NBR considering step-stress. Then we evaluate the results using accelerated degradation model based on the drift theory of Brownian motion. Finally we get the estimation of reliable life of sealing ring under normal temperature. The research in this paper can also offer a new method for the application reliability and life evaluation of rubber products.