bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
I documenti della Chiesa sulla questione ambientale
Authors: Sgreccia E. , Pennacchini M. , Fisso M. B.
Published: November 2020

L’articolo prende in esame tutti i documenti del magistero pontificio, del magistero episcopale e di alcune personalità rappresentative del mondo ecclesiastico, sul tema della questione ambientale. L’intento perseguito dagli autori è quello di mostrare come nel corso degli anni disia sviluppato l’interesse della Chiesa Cattolica sulle tematiche ambientali, nel legame che esse hanno con i temi più generali della pace e dello sviluppo. Il lavoro mette in luce il ruolo svolto della Chiesa Cattolica nella formazione di una nuova coscienza ecologica ed evidenzia come, storicamente, l’interesse della Chiesa nei confronti della complessa questione ambientale si sia sviluppato contemporaneamente al sorgere degli stessi problemi ecologici. L’articolo intende documentare lo sviluppo del pensiero della Chiesa e segnalare i principi trasmessi da tale insegnamento. Da un punto di vista metodologico gli autori hanno preferito “dare voce” ai testi ufficiali in modo tale da consentire al lettore di confrontarsi in maniera diretta con i documenti. Non vengono presi in considerazione i documenti del magistero della Chiesa che trattano la questione ambientale focalizzando l’attenzione sull’uso dell’energia nucleare, poiché necessiterebbero di una trattazione a parte.
Luci e ombre nella ricerca con cellule staminali
Authors: Capella Vincente Bellver
Published: November 2020

La Gran Bretagna ha recentemente aperto alla possibilità di clonare embrioni umani nella prospettiva di ottenere tessuti da trapiantare in malati per i quali vi sia una indicazione clinica. Gli Stati uniti, con lo stesso scopo, intendono finanziare la ricerca sugli embrioni soprannumerari derivanti dalle tecnologie di fecondazione artificiale.

In questo lavoro, sostenuto dalla più recente letteratura disponibile, l’autore sostiene che esistono modalità di ottenimento dei tessuti meno controverse da punto di vista etico per raggiungere gli stessi obiettivi terapeutici e denuncia gli interessi che spingono ad offrire una informazione parziale su questa materia, peraltro assai rilevante per la medicina del futuro.
Lotta alla droga: la svizzera un modello? Prospettive dell’epidemiologia comparata
Authors: Fantacci Giovanni , Koch Michael G.
Published: November 2020

Il modello svizzero di politica in materia di droga è oggetto di discussione nel mondo intero. Scalpore ha suscitato soprattutto il progetto di prescrizione medica di eroina ai tossicodipendenti cronici di lunga data. Ma qual è in effetti la politica applicata in Svizzera in materia di droga? Quanti sono realmente i tossicodipendenti? La prescrizione di eroina ha davvero ridimensionato il mercato della droga? E i tossicodipendenti cronici ammessi al programma sono davvero giovati di questa politica? In base ai dati ufficiali e a un confronto con e politiche applicate in Europa, In Svezia e negli Usa gli autori constatano che il modello svizzero è stato un insuccesso. La politica permissiva della Svizzera ha avuto per risultato un incremento del consumo di droga, specie tra i giovani. Essa ha creato i consumatori dei prossimi decenni. Nessun indicatore (per es. il numero di denunce pe infrazione della Legge sugli stupefacenti o le quantità sequestrate di droga) fa intravedere un ridimensionamento del fenomeno della tossicodipendenza. Il numero dei morti per droga sale allorché si tollerano le “scene aperte” e cala invece l’azione repressiva della polizia.
Islam e AIDS
Authors: Atighetchi Dariusch
Published: November 2020

L’impatto iniziale del mondo musulmano con il problema dell’AIDS ha subito assunto una forte connotazione apologetica e di condanna dell’infezione in quanto conseguenza di comportamenti illeciti di impronta occidentale. In questo senso si esprimono molti giurisperiti islamici, la stampa e non pochi medici. Tutti antepongono l’esaltazione della purezza dell’Islam e delle sue regole di vita a scapito dell’attenzione dedicata all’analisi dei problemi etici, medici e sociali dei malati.

La soluzione islamica al rischio AIDS consiste nell’astinenza pre-matrimoniale e nel matrimonio precoce. Anche se in gran parte degli Stati la percentuale di infetti è bassa (ma costantemente in crescita in alcuni gruppi sociali) le autorità tendono a minimizzare le cifre; inoltre sembrano riluttanti a denunciare la situazione sanitaria concernente la diffusione di malattie sessuali per non esporsi a critiche politico-religiose.

I cittadini sono fortemente restii a rivelare le proprie abitudini sessuali e a partecipare ad indagini sul problema. Contemporaneamente anche i malati e i familiari preferiscono occultare l’infezione per vergogna e timore delle conseguenze sociali. Atteggiamenti molto simili si riscontrano in Occidente tra gli immigrati infetti ed i loro familiari. Per l’Islam il medico è uno strumento divino e non può limitarsi a curare bensì dovrebbe occuparsi di tutta la persona, con i valori che ne orientano la condotta quotidiana inclusa la sessualità.
A comparison of the breathing apparatus deadspace associated with a supraglottic airway and endotracheal tube using volumetric capnography in young children
Authors: Goenaga-Diaz Eduardo Javier , Smith Lauren Daniela , Pecorella Shelly Harrell , Smith Timothy Earl , Russell Gregory B , Johnson Kathleen  Nicole , Downard Martina Gomez , Ririe Douglas Gordon , Hammon Dudley Elliott , Hodges Ashley Sloan , Templeton Thomas Wesley
Published: November 2020

Background: Supraglottic airway (SGA) devices including the air-Q® are being used with increasing frequency for anesthesia in infants and younger pediatric patients. To date, there is minimal research documenting the potentially significant airway deadspace these devices may contribute to the ventilation circuit when compared to an endotracheal tube (ETT). The aim of this study was to evaluate the airway apparatus deadspace associated with an air-Q® versus an ETT in young children.Methods: In a prospective cohort study, 59 patients between 3 months and 6 years of age, weighing between 5 and 20 kg, scheduled for outpatient urologic or general surgery procedures were recruited. An air-Q® or ETT was inserted at the discretion of the attending anesthesiologist, and tidal volume, positive end expiratory pressure, respiratory rate, and end-tidal CO2 were controlled according to protocol. Airway deadspace was recorded using volumetric capnography every 2 min for 10 min. Results: Groups were similar in demographics. There was a significant difference in weight-adjusted deadspace volume between the air-Q® and ETT groups, 4.1 ± 0.8 ml/kg versus 3.0 ± 0.7 ml/kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Weight-adjusted deadspace volume (ml/kg) increased significantly with decreasing weight for both the air-Q® and ETT groups.Conclusions: In healthy children undergoing positive pressure ventilation for elective surgery, the air-Q® SGA introduces significantly greater airway deadspace than an ETT. Additionally, airway deadspace, and minute ventilation required to maintain normocarbia, appear to increase with decreasing patient weight irrespective of whether a SGA or ETT is used.
Whole exome sequencing and trio analysis to broaden the variant spectrum of genes in idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Authors: Zhang Jian , Tang Shu-Yan , Zhu Xiao-Bin , Li Peng , Lu Jian-Qi , Cong Jiang-Shan , Wang Ling-Bo , Zhang Feng , Li Zheng
Published: November 2020

Dozens of genes are associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and an oligogenic etiology has been suggested. However, the associated genes may account for only approximately 50% cases. In addition, a genomic systematic pedigree analysis is still lacking. Here, we conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on 18 unrelated men affected by IHH and their corresponding parents. Notably, one reported and 10 novel variants in eight known IHH causative genes (AXL, CCDC141, CHD7, DMXL2, FGFR1, PNPLA6, POLR3A, and PROKR2), nine variants in nine recently reported candidate genes (DCAF17, DCC, EGF, IGSF10, NOTCH1, PDE3A, RELN, SLIT2, and TRAPPC9), and four variants in four novel candidate genes for IHH (CCDC88C, CDON, GADL1, and SPRED3) were identified in 77.8% (14/18) of IHH cases. Among them, eight (8/18, 44.4%) cases carried more than one variant in IHH-related genes, supporting the oligogenic model. Interestingly, we found that those variants tended to be maternally inherited (maternal with n = 17 vs paternal with n = 7; P = 0.028). Our further retrospective investigation of published reports replicated the maternal bias (maternal with n = 46 vs paternal with n = 28; P = 0.024). Our study extended a variant spectrum for IHH and provided thefirst evidence that women are probably more tolerant to variants of IHH-related genes than men.
Is mild erectile dysfunction associated with severe psychological symptoms in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome?
Authors: Li Xiu-Cheng , Zhang Xiao-Bo , Liao Zhang-Cheng , Tang Zheng-Yan , Li Dong-Jie
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to assess the association between psychological disorders and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with different degrees of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). This was a retrospective study conducted from June 2017 to October 2019 and included 182 outpatients. Patients were interviewed using the Structured Interview on Erectile Dysfunction (SIEDY) for pathogenic quantification. The National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) were used for the evaluation of CP/CPPS and ED. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess anxiety symptoms and depressive symptoms. The number of patients with mild CP/CPPS and mild ED, mild CP/CPPS and moderate-to-severe ED, moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS and mild ED, and moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS and moderate-to-severe ED was 69 (37.9%), 36 (19.8%), 35 (19.2%), and 42 (23.1%), respectively. The corresponding PHQ-9 scores of the four groups were 6.22, 7.19, 10.69, and 7.71, respectively. The corresponding GAD-7 scores of the four groups were 5.26, 6.31, 8.77, and 6.36, respectively. Among patients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the moderate-to-severe ED group were significantly lower than those of the mild ED group (P = 0.007 and P = 0.010, respectively). The prevalence of ED and premature ejaculation (PE) in patients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS was significantly higher than that in patients with mild CP/CPPS (P = 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively). Our findings proved that the severity of ED was negatively associated with psychological symptoms in outpatients with moderate-to-severe CP/CPPS.
Cysticidal Therapy for Diffuse Parenchymal and Calcific Neurocysticercosis
Authors: Agarwal Ayush , Srivastava M. Vasantha Padma , Gupta Anu , Rajan Roopa , Garg Ajay , Mishra Biswamohan , Singh Mamta B. , Bhatia Rohit , Vishnu Venugopalan Y.
Published: November 2020

Antiparasitic treatment improves the prognosis for neurocysticercosis (NCC)-induced seizures. However, patients with high lesion loads are typically denied the possible benefit of cysticidal therapy because of fear of complications, and such patients are not represented in clinical trials involving cysticidal therapy. We provide proof of concept for combination treatment with dual antiparasitic therapy and corticosteroids in patients with diffuse lesions, including starry sky patterns, or calcific NCC. The safety and efficacy of treating patients with high lesion loads or calcific NCC should be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
10.4467/20834624SL.20.013.12718
Authors: Rocchi Luciano
Published: November 2020

This paper presents a series of addenda to Stanisław Stachowski’s Historisches Wörter­buch der Bildungen auf -cı // -ıcı im Osmanisch-Türkischen (1996). The data are taken from transcription texts prior to Meninski (1680) – comprising both lexicographical and documentary texts – and listed in chronological order, according to the pattern I have already followed in previous papers of mine intended to supplement Stachowski’s other historical-lexicographical works.
Twelve English etymologies from the social margins (Part 2)
Authors: Sayers William
Published: November 2020

Etymologies are proposed for twelve previously unexplained English words from work­ing-class or underclass English vocabulary. Treated in Part 2 of this study are aloof/aluff, boondoggle, and welch/jew/gyp. Common features are isolation, extended use, pejoration, and treatment by lexicographers with varying degrees of proscriptiveness and by word buffs with enthusiastic amateur etymologizing.
Some loose ends in the analysis of the forms ἔθηκε(ν) and θῆκε(ν) in the Iliad: the Exceptions, the Compounds, the Link with Mycenaean and the Origin of the Augment
Authors: de Decker Filip
Published: November 2020

In the final part of the investigation into the use of the (un)augmented 3rd singular forms ἔθηκε(ν) and θῆκε(ν) in the Iliad, I focus on some loose ends, such as the enjambments, the compound forms, the formulaic nature of the epic language, the subordinate and negative sentences, and on some thornier issues such as the exceptions to the rules and the Mycenaean te ke and do ke and what this can tell us about the original meaning and origin of the augment.
Poezja i obraz, piśmienność i wizualność od 1989 roku
Authors: Kałuża Anna
Published: November 2020

Poetry and Image, Literacy and Visuality after 1989 The article traces the history of the relationship between linguistic (textual, verbal, discursive) elements and graphic, visual, and pictorial elements in Polish poetry after 1989. The subject of interest here are various phenomena, such as: artistic books (by Natalia Malek, Kira Pietrek, and Justyna Bargielska), reference to painting/film/ photography, experiments with visual and verbal representation, using a language mark/text by visual artists. The goal is not so much to catalog the relationships between text and image, but to describe the difference between artistic activities in the era of intermedia (twentieth-century avant-garde) and artistic activities in the era of transmedia.
External conditions of the process of shaping the dynamics of economic growth
Authors: Szopa Andrzej
Published: November 2020

This study attempts to determine how external factors affect economic growth. It is a methodological solution unique in the literature enabling the study of basic contemporary phenomena associated with globalisation. The advantage of the proposed solutions is their transparency and simplicity. The introduction of two types of membranes is of key importance. The presented model creates great opportunities for its development and verification of the adopted solutions in the long run.
Finansowanie prac remontowych przy zabytkach prywatnych – akredytywa i gwarancja bankowa w służbie zabytkom. Zarys problematyki
Authors: Schatt-Babińska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Financing renovation works on private monuments – letters of credit and bank guarantees in the service of monuments. Outline of issues According to the law, the owner of a monument must take care of it properly. His duties include carrying out necessary repairs to the monument, including covering their costs (Articles 5 and 28 of the Act of 23rd July 2003 on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments). This article will analyze the possibility of securing necessary funds for renovation in the event that a monument is sold by the local government to a private investor. Typically, the guarantor of a bilateral agreement is an independent third party. In commercial transactions, a bank is often used as a guarantor (as an independent institution). There are two particularly noteworthy options used by banks in this context: letters of credit and bank guarantees. These are solutions which have been tested and relied upon in trade. So why not make use of proven methods from trade and apply them to the protection of monuments? Although this would require the introduction of specific solutions via legal provisions, it is worth considering such changes, as they could protect monuments from destruction.
Ochrona przysługująca twórcom grafiki artystycznej u mistrzów dawnych
Authors: Rybak-Karkosz Olivia
Published: November 2020

Artists’ rights in printmaking during the Old Masters period The aim of this paper is to present a historic view on artists’ rights in printmaking before the advent of modern copyright protections. Previously, privilege was the main form of legal protection. In this paper, matters such as the aim and procedure of protection are described as well as the subjects entitled to receive and release this protection and its extent. It concerns the main countries in Europe specializing in printmaking during the Old Masters’ period of activity, which was between the 16th and 18th centuries. The last section of the article focuses on The Engraving Copyright Act 1734, an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which is stated to be a prototype of modern copyright and its applicability to the historical context.
Zbiory Biblioteki Miejskiej w Bydgoszczy w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym. W setną rocznicę powrotu miasta do Polski
Authors: Nowicki Ryszard
Published: November 2020

The Bydgoszcz Municipal Library’s Collections in the Interwar Period. On the Hundredth Anniversary of the City’s Return to Poland In 1920, after nearly a century and a half of captivity, Bydgoszcz returned to Poland. The Polish authorities took over the Stadtbibliothek Bromberg, founded by the Germans in 1903. The library contained a valuable collection of approximately 75,000 volumes, although Polish books amounted to merely 300 copies. From the mid-1920s until the outbreak of World War II, Witold Bełza served as the director of the Library. He preserved the valuable collection, including items of post-German provenance. Acting during this difficult period for Poland and the city, he obtained collections with Polish provenance and led to the inclusion of the Municipal Library in Bydgoszcz as one of the most important public libraries in the country.
SOCIAL ISOLATION POLICIES AGAINST CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AND ITS IMPACT ON METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVING SYSTEMS
Authors: Ruano María Alejandra , Zambrano Manuel
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced most countries in the world to adopt strict policies of social isolation. As a consequence, there have been positive and negative indirect effects on the environment. For example, some countries have reported improvements in air quality, cleaner beaches, and decreased environmental noise. However, there have also been negative indirect effects. This research aims to analyze the effects of social isolation policies on meteorological observation systems. It was found that the meteorological observations from aircraft as well as surface-based observations have been strongly affected. To a lesser extent, marine and satellite measurements have been affected. Our research highlights the importance of having a resilient and automated meteorological observation system, as well as complementary methods of monitoring the atmosphere and weather.
Rodeando al enemigo: Colectomía derecha laparoscópica por enfermedad de Crohn estenosante y fistulizante.
Authors: Avellaneda Nicolas
Published: November 2020

Nicolás Avellaneda (1) (ORCID 0000-0002-6802-7125), Augusto Carrie (1) (ORCID 0000-0003-4226-7240), Federico Veracierto (1) (ORCID 0000-0003-3363-8935).

Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas “Norberto Quirno” (CEMIC). Galván 4102, C1431 CABA, Argentina.

 

Introducción.

 

La enfermedad de Crohn presenta una incidencia aumenta en los últimos años en los países industrializados, y la afectación ileocecal es la mas frecuente en esta patología.

En una primera instancia los pacientes puede recibir tratamiento médico, pero un porcentaje significativo de estos pueden evolucionar hacia complicaciones de la enfermedad como estenosis o fístulas. Cuando estas se presentan, deben ser tratadas quirúrgicamente, representando un desafío para el equipo quirúrgico porque se trata de pacientes en mal estado general y con gran compromiso inflamatorio a nivel abdominal que dificulta la correcta identificación de los planos anatómicos.

 

2) Descripción.

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 84 años que ingresa por guardia en nuestra institución por presentar diagnóstico de enfermedad de Crohn de 10 años de evolución, mal estado general y deterioro nutricional severo. Al examen físico se palpa tumor a nivel de flanco derecho y fosa ilíaca derecha.

Entero-RMN: Ileon terminal con fístula hacia colon derecho y transverso y cavidad intermedia con colección de 3 cm.

Laboratorio: Glóbulos blancos: 12.000x10-9/L, Albúmina: 1,3 gr/dl.

Se decide internar al paciente, se instaura tratamiento antibiótico, medidas de sostén y nutrición parenteral total.

A las 3 semanas, el paciente presenta mejora en los parámetros nutricionales y en el estado general, por lo cual se programa tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología.

Se realiza una laparoscopía exploradora donde se evidencia gran tumor inflamatorio que involucra ileon terminal, colon derecho y transverso. Se logra logra la movilización completa de las estructuras mencionadas, las cuales se exteriorizan por una mini laparotomía mediana supraumbilical, y se hace la resección en bloc del tumor inflamatorio, confeccionando una ileostomía terminal y abocando el colon transverso en tejido celular subcutáneo.

Paciente presenta buena evolución postoperatoria, recibiendo el alta senatorial al séptimo día postoperatorio sin complicaciones.

 

3) Conclusiones.

 

El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad de Crohn representa un desafío para el cirujano. Realizado por vía laparoscópica y luego de optimizar al paciente desde el punto de vista clínico y nutricional, se pueden obtener buenos resultados postoperatorios.
Efficacy of radiation treatment in combination with COX-2 inhibitor in patients with NSCLC
Authors: Bilozor N. V. , Starenkiy V. P. , Mitryayeva N. A. , Grebinyk L. V.
Published: November 2020

Background. COX-2 inhibitors facilitate disruption of the production of angiogenic factors, the use of which in combination with RT leads to a significant delay in tumor growth in experimental models of cancer.

Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness of RT in combination with COX-2 inhibitor in patients with NSCLC (non-small-cell lung carcinoma).

Materials and methods. The study involved 38 patients with NSCLC divided into 2 subgroups: Subgroup 1 was represented by 20 patients who received a RT course and celecoxib 100 mg/d, Subgroup 2 enrolled 18 patients who received only RT. The subgroups were comparable by sex, age, tumor location, general condition. Squamous cell carcinoma was detected in 19 (95.0%) patients of Subgroup 1 and in 9 (50%) patients of Subgroup 2. Stages I – II were diagnosed 4.4 times more frequently in Subgroup 2, stage III was 1.9 times more frequently detected in Subgroup 1 (p < 0.05).

VEGF, COX-2 content was assessed before/after the RT course by means of a sandwich immunoassay (ELISA).

Results. A positive effect (partial regression, stabilization) was observed equally in the subgroups: 80.0% and 77.8%. In Subgroup 1, partial regression was 5 times more frequent, the overall annual and recurrence-free survival increased by 15 and 29%, respectively.

In patients of Subgroup 1, COX-2 was 2.4-fold decreased, in patients of Subgroup 2, COX-2 almost did not change. COX-2 blocking was accompanied by decreased VEGF: 1.9-fold in Subgroup 1, 1.4-fold in Subgroup 2. Changes in COX-2 and VEGF levels were consistent with the objective response after RT with celecoxib: in case of a positive effect, COX-2 level was significantly decreasing (2.3-1.9-fold), VEGF level was significantly decreasing (2.3–1.7-fold); progressive tumor growth was combined with a minor decrease in COX-2 and VEGF (1.5–1.4-fold).

Conclusions. Radiation therapy in combination with COX-2 inhibitor enhances the effectiveness of treatment by increasing partial regressions and relapse-free survival. An objective response correlates with COX-2 and VEGF levels, which makes it possible to use them to assess RT effectiveness and decide on further treatment strategy.
Giant fibroma of the retroperitoneal space, complicated by inferior vena cava compression syndromе
Authors: Bily O. M. , Lepekha I. V.
Published: November 2020

Background. Inorganic retroperitoneal tumors (IRT) are neoplasms that have no organ affiliation and develop from soft tissues located in the ret­roperitoneal space (adipose, connective, vascular, nervous), as well as from embryonic elements. IRT account for 0.03 to 1.0 % of all human neoplasms. Malignant IRT account for up to 70 %, while benign – up to 30 %. Operations for retroperitoneal tumors are accompanied by a high risk of intra- and postoperative complications [3]. With large retroperi­toneal tumors the main difficulties are compression syndrome of the ab­dominal cavity, the syndrome of compression of the inferior vena cava, difficulties of mobilizing of the tumor due to a small surgical maneuver and large size of the tumor.

Purpose. Introducing the clinical course peculiarities of giant tumors of the retroperitoneal space and possible intra- and perioperative compli­cations to the medical community.

Materials and methods. Clinical case of patient A., 44 years old, who was treated in the oncology surgery department of SO «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medi­cal Sciences of Ukraine».

Results. Removal of the tumor of the retroperitoneal space with techni­cal difficulties was performed. In the postoperative period after surgery, bleeding from a varicose vein of the abdominal wall. Surgical treatment was performed: relaparotomy, hemostasis. The term of supervision is 3 years, there is no data for recurrence.

Conclusions. If IRT is additionally accompanied by a syndrome of in­ferior vena cava compression, it is necessary to carry out careful hemo­stasis intraoperatively, and to conduct active supervision in the nearest postoperative period for control of possible bleeding after filling of earlier «empty» vessels.
Referral indications for foetal echocardiography in a low resource setting
Authors: Asma Ladak  , Zahra Hoodbhoy  , Shazia Mohsin  , Salima Ashiqali  , Saima Malik  , Admin
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the primary indications for foetal echocardiography among pregnant women at a tertiary care center in a low resource setting.

Methods: A retrospective record review was conducted of all women who have had a foetal echocardiogram between January 2015 and December 2016 at The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Information regarding maternal clinical characteristics, anomaly scan findings, indications for echocardiography, and findings on foetal echocardiogram was collected.

Results: The dataset included 1909 patients. Maternal comorbidities including maternal diabetes, (n=614, 47%) was the most common maternal indications while multiple pregnancy (n=232, 38%) and intra-cardiac echogenic foci (n=168, 28%) was the most common foetal indication for referral. Major CHD was detected in 4.2% (n=81) of cases. In those with CHD, the most common indication for getting a FE was an abnormal 4-chamber (n=31, 38%) view on the screening obstetric ultrasound.

Conclusions: Most of our patients were referred on the basis of indications that were not warranted based on international guidelines and very few had major CHD on FE. This emphasizes the need for justifying referrals for a resource intensive procedure such as FE.

Keywords: Foetal echocardiography, congenital heart disease, low-resource setting, indications
Da metafísica da substância à metafísica da subjetividade: os caminhos de Hegel e Schelling se separam em Jena
Authors: Da Silva Oliveira Luiz Filipe
Published: November 2020

Neste trabalho apresentaremos três pontos de vista específicos a respeito do desenvolvimento do pensamento hegeliano em Jena. O primeiro consiste em 1) demonstrar que houve naquele momento uma alteração na concepção de Hegel na forma de se entender o próprio Absoluto, dado especificamente pela insuficiência da metafísica da substância, conforme orientada aos moldes da filosofia de Schelling. O segundo diz respeito à tese de que 2) foi no Systementwurf I de 1803/04 o ponto culminante da clivagem entre a concepção que Hegel possuía do próprio Absoluto e o seu aparato conceitual disponível para a articulação entre este Absoluto e a própria finitude. O terceiro, então, se refere à ideia de que 3) a mudança de uma metafísica da substância para uma metafísica da subjetividade está intimamente conectada com a insuficiência conceitual que resultava desta primeira concepção, cujo ponto ápice pode ser visto de modo mais distinto no Systementwurf I.
A clinical study of early manifestations of dengue fever and
outcome in children
Authors: Neelagiri Udaya Kumar
Published: November 2020

Background: In the past few decades the incidence,
distribution, and clinical severity of Dengue have increased
dramatically. Population growth in the tropics provides many
susceptible hosts. Uncontrolled urbanization leads to
inadequate management of water and waste, providing a range
of large water stores and disposable, non-biodegradable
containers that become habitats for the larvae. Children are
now being increasingly affected by this disease. We in this
present study tried to study clinical, hematological, and hepatic
dysfunction in the early course of the disease.
Methods: The present prospective observational study was
conducted at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagnur,
Karimnagar. N=75 children between the age group of 6 months
to 15 yrs presenting with symptoms and signs suggestive of
dengue fever as per WHO criteria were included in the study.
Complete history and clinical examination were done.
Investigations were performed as per the proforma.
Results: From n=75 children n=56 (75%) belongs to dengue
with warning signs and severe dengue whereas n=19 cases
(25%) belong to mild dengue group. the symptoms recorded
out of n=75 (100%) children presented with fever as the
predominant complaint followed by vomiting (49%), Retroorbital pain (28%), Abdominal pain (26%), Edema (25%),
Bleeding (19%) and rashes (12%), body ache (8%). The range
of platelet count at admission was 4,000 – 98,000/cmm, with
a mean value of 53,000 (P>0.05). The WHO criteria of a low
platelet count of < 100,000/cmm were seen in all cases (100%).
Conclusion: in children, importance should be given to
symptoms like fever, vomiting, bleeding, musculoskeletal pain,
flushing, and abdominal pain. If these are associated with
hepatomegaly, positive tourniquet test, low platelet count, and
elevated liver enzymes, a strong possibility of dengue to be
considered, especially during an epidemic. During the
epidemic, dengue should be considered on the differential
diagnosis of any child presenting with fever
Child Internet Protection System
Authors: Patel Deepshikha , Pathak Mayank , Nigam Rajesh , Verma Bhupendra
Published: November 2020

Nowadays internets is becoming an amazing resource and provide hours of fun for kids. Clearly there are many benefits that result from Internet usage, but there is a side to the internet that can be worrying for any parent. Internet is explored, in particular: child sexual exploitation; children's exposure to sexually explicit or offensive material, so there is need of a system which prevents child abuse from internet. Currently many systems are developed to prevent Internetrelated child abuse. In this paper, we have developed a web page classification model, which will protect children from harmful and offensive material available on internet. Our approach uses entropy term weighting scheme, Principal Component Analysis for feature reduction and Back propagation neural network as classifier. Our experiment result shows that our approach performed well as comparison to other approaches.
Spam Filtering using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Chhabra Priyanka , Wadhvani Rajesh , Shukla Sanyam
Published: November 2020

The traditional anti-spam techniques like Black and White List is not up to the mark in current scenario. The goal of Spam Classification is to distinguish between spam and legitimate mail message. But with the popularization of the Internet, it is challenging to develop spam filters that can effectively eliminate the increasing volumes of unwanted mails automatically before they enter a user's mailbox. Many researchers have been trying to separate spam from legitimate emails using machine learning algorithms based on statistical learning methods. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of Non Linear SVM based classifiers with various kernel functions over Enron Dataset.
Natural Interaction Design for Navigation in Virtual Environment of Sino-Portuguese Architecture in Museum
Authors: KALARAT Kosin , RATTANARUNGROT Sasithorn
Published: November 2020

Virtual Environment (VE) is an artificial environment created for providing the information in Virtual Reality (VR). The audiences are able to obtain the information via interaction to the environment. Virtual Reality for Culture heritage buildings, which are inherited from past generations and maintained in the present, is an interested topic because its contents often built for giving the information and knowledge about the past to the new generation in virtual museums. However, there is a limitation of Virtual Reality (VR) applications in reproducing cultural sites as most of these applications are not successful in catching public’s attention and involvement. In this research, we focus on using Natural Interaction (NI) interfaces based on a body movement in Virtual Reality for museums to grab attention from audience and to increase public’s involvement. This paper presents the development of Natural Interaction using Microsoft Kinect to define the new grammar of gesture for Sino Portuguese Architecture which is a cultural heritage of Thailand. Results of early tests improved the prototype in progress which alllows more complexity in natural interchanges and connection between users and virtual world. The final result was evaluated after the system was installed in Peranakannitat museum and by interviewing 6 docents. It was found that our system was easy to use as it took only about 3 - 5 min to familiarize the system for navigation in the virtual environment without recognizing the grammar of gesture commands.
PERSPECTIVAS TRANSMIDIÁTICAS NO ESPECIAL A BATALHA DE BELO MONTE
Authors: Bazi Rogério Eduardo Rodrigues , Cruchelo Ana Flávia
Published: November 2020

O artigo tem como principal objetivo apresentar as perspectivas da dinâmica da narrativa transmídia e seus conceitos, expostos pelo pesquisador Henry Jenkins, no especial A Batalha de Belo Monte, produzido pela Folha de S. Paulo no portal “folha.uol”, em 2013. Para tal, utilizou-se a revisão bibliográfica e a observação direta do escopo do trabalho como forma de compreender a produção. O artigo é motivado por observar a crescente audiência nos meios de comunicação de mídia online e o avanço do uso das tecnologias no ambiente diário do jornalismo e, por consequência, a utilização da materialidade da convergência midiática entre os meios. Por fim, observou-se no especial, o cuidado para que toda a construção da narrativa se orientasse por meio de um roteiro transmidiático, incentivando o público a buscar mais informações em outras produções realizadas pela Folha de S. Paulo.
Nigerian Radiographers Obligation to Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging
Authors: Adejo Thomas
Published: November 2020

Background
Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) help to identify unusually high dose levels in
medical procedures involving radiation. This will subsequently, stimulate
quality control. There are legislations and guidelines requiring the Member States of
European Union to adopt DRLs. While about 72% of European countries, as
well as the United States, have complied, and with subsequent reviews
demonstrating significant dose reductions (16% – 30%), no evidence links any
African country to replicating the same.
Objective
This work briefly reviewed the progress of Nigeria with regards to diagnostic
reference levels (DRLs) and with particular attention to efforts by radiographers.
Methods
Google search was made with keywords of 'diagnostic reference levels' as well
as 'radiation dose in Nigeria.' Over forty works were retrieved but only twenty-two
which had specific relevance to the focus of the review were archived and
read. The works were subsequently scrutinized to piece together the trend of
DRLs globally, and locally.
Results
Publications on x-ray, mammography, fluoroscopy and computed tomography
dose abound in Nigeria. Doses had wide variations in all modalities. There was
no accessible evidence to indicate that any regulatory agency in Nigeria had
keyed into the imperative of dose investigation, monitoring and reporting.
Conclusion
In conclusion, diagnostic reference levels in x-ray, mammography and
computed tomography have been recommended by independent researchers in
Nigeria. Regulatory agencies are urged to summon the will to give guidelines
on implementation of these DRLs in order to improve optimization of
protection for patients.
Patient waiting time Analysis at Service Points in the Ultrasound Unit of a
Nigerian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Idigo F U , Chijioke N I , Anakwue A C , Nwogu U B
Published: November 2020

Background: Quality of service, as perceived by patients in any healthcare facility is to a great extent, dependent on the waiting time. Reducing patients' waiting time increases patients' satisfaction and improves system efficiency.

Purpose: To measure and analyze the waiting time of patients at the service points in the ultrasound unit of a Nigerian tertiary hospital and to determine the mean examination time for the different ultrasound investigations carried out.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in the ultrasound unit of the Radiology department at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu. The waiting and examination times of patients were measured directly through observation of system operations. The waiting time at the various service points identified as costing, update, payment and examination were recorded. Mean, range and standard deviation of waiting and service times formed the descriptive statistics for the. For inferential statistics, ANOVA test was carried out to test for significance in the different service point waiting times, and the different examination times for the different investigations.

Results: Mean waiting time was 3 hours 31 seconds and average exam time was 26 minutes 31 seconds. Analysis of variance on the service point where patients wait the most showed that the point after making the payment was the most significant. There was no significant difference found in the amount of time spent on different examinations (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Timely delivery of services is of optimum importance, considering the need for patient-centred service. With the information provided on the waiting time at the different service points in a typical teaching hospital ultrasound unit, departmental managers will be guided in the planning of the departmental operations, to enhance patient satisfaction and system efficiency.
Sonographic Assessment of Kidneys in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sero-Positive Patients: A systematic Review
Authors: Sidi Mohammed , Kabir Abbas
Published: November 2020

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (HIV/AIDS) remains a major challenge globally, and approximately
180,000 people died from AIDS-related illnesses in Nigeria in 2015. HIV
associated nephropathy is the third most common cause of end-stage renal
failure.
Objectives: To review published original research articles on the sonographic
evaluation of kidneys in HIV seropositive patients, identifying missing gaps
and coming up with an area of further study.
Methodology: The study was retrospective and a secondary source of data from
published original research articles was used. The search was performed through
Google search using Google Scholar, EMBASE, PubMed and Medline. All the
published original research articles in the English language and the availability of
full-text articles were included in the study.
The results: An electronic search using the search terms had identified 58
related published articles, but only 12 articles were reviewed. This study found
out that human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) to be
most predominant renal disease in HIV positive patients leaving in sub-Saharan
Africa with increased renal parenchymal echogenicity and decreased
corticomedullary differentiation sonographically, which correlate in raised of
serum creatinine level and the degree of patients' immune competence (CD4
count). Few studies correlated the sonographic findings with histopathological
feature and none use Doppler ultrasound.
Conclusion: This study has identified a correlation between the sonographic findings
with the histopathological features and the use of Doppler ultrasound as the
missing gaps from the previously published research articles in the subject area.
"A Survey of Diagnostic X-ray room design and shielding Integrity of Lead
Aprons in a State in North-Eastern Nigeria."
Authors: Mohammed A , Nzotta C C , Nkubli B F , Umar A , Bappah S Y , Osayaba P E , Dukku A A
Published: November 2020

Background: X-ray facility design and shielding integrity is meant to optimize radiation safety of patients, staff and the general public.

Objectives: To determine the conformity to x-ray room design standards and the functional efficacy of lead aprons in the surveyed facilities.

Materials and Method: The survey was conducted in six radio diagnostic centres in Gombe State Nigeria, labelled A to F for anonymity. The building layout of the radiology departments was sketched to show the dimensions (L x B x H) and adjoining structures. Datasheets were also used to record information about the radio-diagnostic facility. Lead aprons were inspected for defects by physical observation and by x-ray exposure.

Results: The x-ray room dimension of the six radio diagnostic centres with A (24 m2), B (14.8 m2), C (30 m2), D (36 m2), E (21.2 m2) and F (25 m2). All the walls of

the radio-diagnostic room of facility A, B, C and D were lined with 2 mm lead equivalent, whereas E and F were not. About 7 (38.8%) of lead aprons inspected were defective, while 11 (61.1%) were not defective.

Conclusion: There are compromises noted in the design of facility B and the majority of the lead aprons inspected showed good functional efficacy.
Interdisciplinary Collaboration among Health Professionals: A Panacea for
effective and Evidence-based Health Care delivery
Authors: D Z Joseph , B Aminu , S Halilu , A D Mark , O Kayode , M Gloria , A Umar , B Patrick
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Interdisciplinary collaboration (IDC) is important in health care settings as the complex nature and demands of the health care work environment requires the expertise and knowledge of different individuals or specialists working together to solve multifaceted and complex patient care problems.

Objective: To assess the health professionals' attitude towards the development of an interdisciplinary collaborative approach to patient care in health institutions and to systematically review the impact of IDC as a panacea for effective health outcomes in Nigeria.

Methodology: The research is a systematic review that provides various approaches for studying interdisciplinary teams. Fifty articles were selected from different search engines such as Google, google scholar, science direct and research gate with the search term Interdisciplinary collaboration among health care professionals. Articles were arranged based on most relevant, relevant and closely related articles.

Result: The study revealed that IDC is pivotal in evidence-based care and contributes immensely to effective and efficient health outcomes. It puts the patient at the centre of the healthcare team's focus and allows all health professionals, with the patient, to collaboratively provide input, be part of the decision making, and improve outcomes. Although there are several obstacles to IDC, adopting this team-based culture of mutual respect and understanding is possible and, in fact, necessary.

Conclusion: This study reveals that there are many benefits to IDC. It can improve safety and healthcare delivery, as well as reduce costs. The interprofessional team supports patient and personnel engagement, organizational efficiency and innovation.
Metacognition: A Catalyst in Scholastic Performance
Authors: Raj Nivedita
Published: November 2020

In modern times, children face various difficulties in their lives. Some children whatever problem they may face cope up with the situation while some give up under stress. Those who control their thought process work in an organized manner. Metacognition is the ability of controlling one's thought. Their metacognitive thinking guides them to introspect upon their study strategies and keep themselves focused upon their goal. It encourages them to be deeply aware of their own learning process which is reflected in their scholastic performance. Today it is essential for students to be aware of their strengths and weakness to better their performance. It becomes essential to think about one's own thinking and act accordingly. Students can take charge of their learning by chalking out strategies, managing time and effort towards an excellent scholastic performance. A well-planned input with thoughtful processing will always result in a productive output. The objective of the study is to know the background of the origin of the study of Metacognition, it's components and the strategies involved in Metacognition. The study also focuses on the classroom implications of Metacognition.
Jean Renaudie en Vaudreuil (1967-1968): grafismo abstracto y morfología paisajística de un urbanismo utópico
Authors: Moreno Moreno María Pura
Published: November 2020

Este artículo examina los dibujos de Jean Renaudie para la nueva ciudad de Vaudreuil (1967-1968). El análisis de su estructura, su cromatismo y su formalidad, situará aquel conjunto de croquis como el punto de inflexión hacia la fusión de arquitectura y urbanismo en un marco teórico único. El desarrollo abordará el propósito de Renaudie de expresar la complejidad y el deseo de cohesión social, en un grafismo dispuesto a exponer su idea de “la ville est une combinatoire” frente al zonning funcionalista de la Carta de Atenas, fuertemente criticado por su generación. El objetivo será demostrar si aquella abstracción gráfica sugería ese “espacio absolutamente otro”, capaz de alojar la nueva sociedad por la que abogaba la teoría social de sus referentes intelectuales -Althusser, Foucault, Lévy Strauss, Lefebvre, Marcuse-. Y si, a su vez, supuso el germen de materializaciones posteriores como las desarrolladas en los conjuntos urbanos de Ivry-sur-Seine, Givors o Saint Martin d’Hères.
“Nuevos arquitectos, mismos albañiles”. Trasvase de conocimientos y sincretismo en cuatro portadas platerescas del sur y centro de Jalisco, México
Authors: González Rizo Jesús Erick
Published: November 2020

A lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVII los indios cocas y sayultecas del centro y sur de Jalisco, experimentaron, como otras sociedades mesoamericanas, un profundo proceso de transformación a raíz de la evangelización. Los testimonios de esta época son pocos, y menos arquitectónicos; en la región, a diferencia de otras áreas como el Centro del México, hay pocos elementos diagnósticos del estilo Plateresco. En este trabajo analizamos cinco ejemplos inéditos mediante analogías, iconografía, fuentes documentales y anastilosis virtual, en las localidades de Mezcala, Teocuitatlán, Amacueca y Santa Cruz. En algunos de los casos de estudio, inclusive, es patente el proceso de prueba y error, típico de una etapa de aprendizaje y transmisión de conocimientos entre los europeos y los nativos. Aparte de ello, podemos apreciar en las capillas de la región una abundante repertorio de representaciones iconográficas de tipo tequitqui o arte indocristiano que reflejan la continuidad cultural indígena. 