bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Mental Health of Athletes: Recreational to Elite
Authors: Reardon Claudia L.
Published: December 2021

Athletes at all levels of competition are susceptible to mental health symptoms and disorders, and this has been a topic of increased research attention in recent years. The most common such conditions will be highlighted in this article, with a clinical focus on unique aspects of presentation, diagnosis, and management among athletes. Conditions addressed include depression, anxiety and related disorders, eating disorders, sleep concerns, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar and psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders and behavioral addictions. Athletes experience particular physiologic and psychosocial demands that impact how they present symptomatically and how treatment modalities, including psychotherapy and pharmacologic treatments, impact them.
Ten Years of Evidence: Was Fraud a Force in the Financial Crisis?
Authors: Griffin John M.
Published: December 2021

This article synthesizes the large literature regarding the role of various players in residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) securitization at the center of the 2008–09 US housing and financial crisis. Underwriting banks facilitated wide-scale mortgage fraud by knowingly misreporting key loan characteristics underlying mortgage-backed securities (MBS). Under the cover of complexity, credit rating agencies catered to investment banks by issuing increasingly inflated ratings on both RMBS and collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). Originators who engaged in mortgage fraud gained market share, as did CDO managers who catered to underwriters by accepting the lowest-quality MBS collateral. Appraisal targeting and inflated appraisals were the norm. RMBS and CDO prices indicate that the marginal AAA investor was unaware of pervasive mortgage fraud and ratings inflation, but these factors were strongly related to future deal performance. The supply of fraudulent credit was not uniform, but clustered in certain geographic regions and zip codes. As these dubious originators extended credit to those who could not afford the loans, the credit expansion led to house price booms and subsequent crashes in these zip codes. Overall, a consistent narrative based on substantial research indicates that conflicts of interest, misreporting, and fraud were focal features of the financial crisis. (JEL G01, G21, G28, K42, R30)
“Somewhere in the Middle You Can Survive”: Review of The Narrow Corridor by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson
Authors: Dixit Avinash
Published: December 2021

This article reviews Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson’s book The Narrow Corridor. They depict a constant tussle between “society,” which wants liberty but cannot sustain order, and “state,” which maintains order but grows oppressive. I argue that the book has a huge theme and an impressive historical sweep of supportive examples, but leaves many open questions. The two conceptual categories should be unpacked to examine complex interactions within and across them, and other examples that counter the authors’ thesis should be reckoned with. However, the authors deserve congratulations for a brilliantly written and thought-provoking book that will inspire much future research. (JEL N10, O43, P51, Y30)
Comparison of sleep and health behaviors among diabetic patients and non-diabetics in Phitsanulok, Thailand: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Juntarawijit Chudchawal , Juntarawijit Yuwayong
Published: December 2021

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global public health problem. To avoid disease complications, diabetic patients have to control their blood glucose and maintain a healthy lifestyle including a healthy diet, weight control, moderate exercise, and smoking cessation.

Methods: This study aimed to survey sleep, eating, and exercise behaviors of diabetic patients in Bang Rakam district, a rural community in Phitsanulok province, Thailand. The data on sleep and other health behaviors were taken from 1,385 T2DM patients and 1,394 non-T2DM controls, who were aged 30 - 85 years and were free from other chronic diseases. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire.

Results: Compared to the control group, the diabetes group had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI).  However, fewer of them were found to smoke cigarettes and drink alcohol. Most of the participants were ‘morning people’ who slept 7-9 hours per day. It was found that sleep ≥8 hours increased the risk of diabetes among women (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.56). The diabetes group reported eating chicken and vegetables more than the control group. They also avoided eating beef and eating more than a cup of rice per meal. However, the T2DM group did fewer physical activities, such as walking, biking, or playing sports, during their leisure time.

Conclusions: Compared to the control group, diabetic patients in a rural community of Thailand had healthier sleep, lifestyle, and eating behaviors but not healthier exercise behaviors, especially among obese women. Diabetes prevention programs should emphasize and promote weight control and increasing levels of exercise.
Quantitative image analysis in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: a cohort observational study.
Authors: Dolinay Tamas , Jun Dale , Maller Abigail , Chung Augustine , Grimes Brandon , Hsu Lillian , Nelson David , Villagas Bianca , Kim Grace Hyun J , Goldin Jonathan
Published: December 2021

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe form of acute lung injury commonly associated with pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The resultant effect can be persistent lung damage, but its extent is not known. We used quantitative high resolution computed tomography (QHR-CT) lung scans to radiographically characterize the lung damage in COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS) survivors.

Methods

Patients with CARDS (N=20) underwent QHR-CT lung scans 60 to 90 days after initial diagnosis, while hospitalized at a long-term acute care hospital (LTACH). QHR-CT assessed for mixed disease (QMD), ground glass opacities (QGGO), consolidation (QCON) and normal lung tissue (QNL). QMD was correlated with respiratory support on admission, tracheostomy decannulation and supplementary oxygen need on discharge.

Results

Sixteen patients arrived with tracheostomy requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Four patients arrived on nasal oxygen support. Of the patients included in this study 10 had the tracheostomy cannula removed, four remained on invasive ventilation, and two died. QHR-CT showed 45% QMD, 28.1% QGGO, 3.0% QCON and QNL=23.9%. Patients with mandatory mechanical ventilation had the highest proportion of QMD when compared to no mechanical ventilation. There was no correlation between QMD and tracheostomy decannulation or need for supplementary oxygen at discharge.

Conclusions

Our data shows severe ongoing lung injury in patients with CARDS, beyond what is usually expected in ARDS. In this severely ill population, the extent of mixed disease correlates with mechanical ventilation, signaling formation of interstitial lung disease. QHR-CT analysis can be useful in the post-acute setting to evaluate for interstitial changes in ARDS.
Women’s views and experiences of augmentation of labour with synthetic oxytocin infusion: a protocol for a qualitative evidence synthesis
Authors: Alòs-Pereñíguez Silvia , O'Malley Deirdre , Daly Deirdre
Published: December 2021

Background: Augmentation of labour (AOL) is the most common intervention to treat labour dystocia. Previous research reported extensive disparities in AOL rates across countries and institutions.  Despite its widespread use, women’s views on and experiences of intrapartum augmentation with infused synthetic oxytocin are limited.

Methods: A qualitative evidence synthesis on women’s views and experiences of AOL with synthetic oxytocin after spontaneous onset of labour will be conducted. Qualitative studies and studies employing a mixed methods design, where qualitative data can be extracted separately, will be included, as will surveys with open-ended questions that provide qualitative data. A systematic search will be performed of the databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care and Web of Science Core Collection from the date of inception. The methodological quality of included studies will be assessed using the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre’s appraisal tool. A three-stage approach, coding of data from primary studies, development of descriptive themes and generation of analytical themes, will be used to synthesise findings. Confidence in findings will be established by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research.

Discussion: This qualitative evidence synthesis may provide valuable information on women’s experiences of AOL and contribute to a review of clinical practice guidelines for maternity care providers.

PROSPERO registration: CRD42021285252 (14/11/2021)
Cost-effectiveness of cryptococcal antigen screening at CD4 counts of 101–200 cells/µL in Botswana
Authors: Tenforde Mark W. , Muthoga Charles , Ponatshego Ponego , Ngidi Julia , Mine Madisa , Greene Greg , Jordan Alexander , Chiller Tom , Larson Bruce A. , Jarvis Joseph N.
Published: December 2021

Background: Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening in individuals with advanced HIV reduces cryptococcal meningitis (CM) cases and deaths. The World Health Organization recently recommended increasing screening thresholds from CD4 ≤100 cells/µL to ≤200 cells/µL. CrAg screening at CD4 ≤100 cells/µL is cost-effective; however, the cost-effectiveness of screening patients with CD4 101–200 cells/µL requires evaluation.

Methods: Using a decision analytic model with Botswana-specific cost and clinical estimates, we evaluated CrAg screening and treatment among individuals with CD4 counts of 101–200 cells/µL. We estimated the number of CM cases and deaths nationally and treatment costs without screening. For screening we modeled the number of CrAg tests performed, number of CrAg-positive patients identified, proportion started on pre-emptive fluconazole, CM cases and deaths. Screening and treatment costs were estimated and cost per death averted or disability-adjusted life year (DALY) saved compared with no screening.

Results: Without screening, we estimated 142 CM cases and 85 deaths annually among individuals with CD4 101–200 cells/µL, with treatment costs of $368,982. With CrAg screening, an estimated 33,036 CrAg tests are performed, and 48 deaths avoided (1,017 DALYs saved).  While CrAg screening costs an additional $155,601, overall treatment costs fall by $39,600 (preemptive and hospital-based CM treatment), yielding a net increase of $116,001. Compared to no screening, high coverage of CrAg screening and pre-emptive treatment for CrAg-positive individuals in this population avoids one death for $2440 and $114 per DALY saved. In sensitivity analyses assuming a higher proportion of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve patients (75% versus 15%), cost per death averted was $1472; $69 per DALY saved.

Conclusions: CrAg screening for individuals with CD4 101–200 cells/µL was estimated to have a modest impact, involve additional costs, and be less cost-effective than screening populations with CD4 counts ≤100 cells/µL. Additional CrAg screening costs must be considered against other health system priorities.
The genome sequence of the yellow-tail moth, Euproctis similis (Fuessly, 1775)
Authors: Boyes Douglas H. , Holland Peter W.H. ,   University of Oxford and Wytham Woods Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: December 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Euproctis similis (the yellow-tail; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lymantriidae). The genome sequence is 508 megabases in span. Over 99% of the assembly is scaffolded into 22 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome, 15.5 kb in length, was also assembled.
Diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality of Karasu Stream (Black Sea)
Authors: Aydemir Çil Eylem , Özbek Murat , Yardım Öztekin , Yıldız Seray , Taşdemir Ayşe , Rasouli Hamidreza , Gürbüzer Pınar
Published: December 2021

The study was conducted in Karasu Stream (Sinop Province, Black Sea Region of Turkey). The purpose of this study is, to determine the benthic macroinvertebrate composition of the stream, together with some of its environmental characteristics (water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) to evaluate the trophic level of the stream. Samplings of benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental variables were performed monthly at ten stations between February 2013 and January 2014. As a result, 18260 specimens were investigated and 175 taxa were determined. Chironomidae and Oligochaeta were the higher groups in terms of species richness with 48 and 38 taxa, respectively. The BMWP and ASPT indices indicate that all the stations belong to “slightly polluted (Class II)” or “unpolluted (Class I)” water quality levels.
Preliminary study on otolith chemistry and otolith morphology of two demersal fish species, European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) and striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus, Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sea of Marmara
Authors: Bal Habib , Esen Selim
Published: December 2021

Otoliths are calcium carbonate (CaCO3) accumulations. Under the influence of different ecosystems morphological and chemical composition change. In this study, economically important two demersal fish species; European hake Merluccius merluccius (Linnaeus, 1758) and Stripet red mullet (Mullus surmuletus Linnaeus, 1758) was examined. Otoliths (Sagitta) belonging to these two species have been studied both chemically and morphologicall. Morphometric measurements of otoliths (length, mm; width, mm; area, mm2; perimeter, mm) in the sagittal of each species was made by the Leica M125 tri-ocular microscope. In the chemical analysis of otoliths, strontium (Sr), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) trace element amounts, the ratios of Sr and Mg trace elements to Ca element (Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca) were determined. For the micro-chemical analysis of otoliths ICP-MS was used. The highest magnesium (24.92±9.57 mmol/mol) and strontium (26.17±1.81 mmol/mol) element values were found in the otolith of red mullet. The difference between strontium (Sr) and magnesium (Mg) amounts for two fish species was found to be significant (P<0.05). In addition to it was found that the difference between them in the amount of calcium is significant (P<0.001). The shape indexes of otoliths are significantly different between the two fish species. Especially in terms of roundness (RD) and aspect ratio (AR) (P<0.001). The results of this study provide information about the habitats of two economic importance demersal fish species. Since such studies can give information about the habitat areas of fish species, they are important for tracking stocks, migration routes and sustainable fisheries.
Wpływ naryngeniny na odpowiedź antyoksydacyjną oraz status oksydacyjny w soczewkach szczurów z cukrzycą
Authors: Wojnar Weronika , Zych Maria , Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak Ilona
Published: December 2021

Naryngenina to naturalnie występujący flawonoid o działaniu przeciwutleniającym. Wśród wielu udokumentowanych działań farmakologicznych, opisany jest również korzystny wpływ tego związku na struktury oka w różnych modelach eksperymentalnych. Brak jest jednak doniesień opisujących wpływ naryngeniny na parametry związane ze stresem oksydacyjnym w soczewkach szczurów w przebiegu cukrzycy. Ze względu na fakt, iż cukrzyca może indukować powstawanie stresu oksydacyjnego oraz w konsekwencji rozwój zaćmy, celem pracy była analiza wpływu naryngeniny podawanej doustnie w dawkach 50 i 100 mg/kg na wybrane parametry związane ze stresem oksydacyjnym w soczewkach szczurów z cukrzycą. Badanie wykonano na samcach szczurów, z których po 4 tygodniach podawania naryngeniny wyizolowano soczewki. W uzyskanych z soczewek homogenatach oznaczono całkowitą odpowiedź antyoksydacyjną, całkowity status oksydacyjny, współczynnik stresu oksydacyjnego oraz zawartość białkowych i niebiałkowych grup tiolowych. Uzyskane wyniki świadczą o korzystnym, przeciwutleniającym wpływie naryngeniny na soczewkę oka u szczurów z wywołaną cukrzycą.
Logics for Knowability
Authors: Liu Mo , Fan Jie , Van Ditmarsch Hans , Kuijer Louwe B.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we propose three knowability logics LK, LK−, and LK=. In the single-agent case, LK is equally expressive as arbitrary public announcement logic APAL and public announcement logic PAL, whereas in the multi-agent case, LK is more expressive than PAL. In contrast, both LK− and LK= are equally expressive as classical propositional logic PL. We present the axiomatizations of the three knowability logics and show their soundness and completeness. We show that all three knowability logics possess the properties of Church-Rosser and McKinsey. Although LK is undecidable when at least three agents are involved, LK− and LK= are both decidable.
Realizowanie harmonijnej pasji jako działanie autokreacyjne
Authors: Litawa Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

Poszukiwanie drogi spełnienia u każdej jednostki przebiega inaczej i dotyczy różnych aspektów życia. Jedną ze ścieżek realizacji własnego potencjału rozwojowego może być harmonijna pasja. Podjęte w tekście analizy miały na celu rozpoznanie wspólnych dla pasji i autokreacji kategorii oraz uzasadnienie tezy, że urzeczywistnianie pasji można postrzegać jako działanie autokreacyjne. Dokonano charakterystyki pasji i autokreacji, a następnie wyróżniono wspólne dla nich kategorie, tj. rozwój, wartości, twórczość oraz transgresję. Przeprowadzone analizy dały podstawę do sformułowania dwóch wniosków. Po pierwsze, pasja może stanowić jedną z dróg autokreacji. Po drugie, pasja może dać początek autokreacyjnym dążeniom podmiotu. Rozważania zakończono konstatacją, że proces urzeczywistniania harmonijnej pasji, w perspektywie samorealizacji jednostki, można określić mianem działania autokreacyjnego.
Konferencje organizatorów edukacji dorosłych w Polsce lat międzywojennych
Authors: Aleksander Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

W strukturze Ministerstwa Wyznań Religijnych i Oświecenia Publicznego odrodzonego w 1918 r. państwa polskiego stworzono w 1919 r. Wydział Oświaty Pozaszkolnej. Był on centralnym organem koordynującym w kraju oświatę dorosłych rozproszoną po różnych jego regionach. Strategią tej koordynacji stały się ogólnopolskie konferencje oświaty dorosłych. W latach 1920–1930 Wydział zorganizował ich czternaście. Każdą na inny temat, np. nauka w szkołach dla dorosłych, uniwersytety ludowe, czytelnictwo, działalność domów społecznych i ludowych, wychowanie poprzez kulturę (chóry i teatry) oraz in. Gromadziły one wytrawnych działaczy kulturalno-oświatowych z całego kraju. Ich organizowanie sprzyjało integracji systemu kształcenia dorosłych oraz wyraźnie wpłynęło na poprawę jej jakości. W drugiej połowie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (tj. w latach 30. XX w.) Wydział Oświaty Pozaszkolnej MWRiOP zrezygnował z organizowania tych konferencji. Ich miejsce zajęły konferencje poświęcone dokształcaniu i doskonaleniu zawodowemu etatowych instruktorów oświaty dorosłych zatrudnionych w kuratoriach okręgów szkolnych i inspektoratach szkolnych w powiatach. Ta zmiana to niewątpliwie posiew dokonującej się wtedy profesjonalizacji i etatyzacji, a także zmiany pokoleniowej kadr zatrudnionych w zarządzaniu systemem kształcenia dorosłych.
Z Komborni do Gręboszowa. Stanisław Pigoń i Jakub Bojko
Authors: Koziara Stanisław
Published: December 2021

Artykuł jest próbą zgłoszenia kilku uwag i dopowiedzeń do istniejącego stanu wiedzy na temat sylwetki twórczej oraz tajników warsztatu pisarskiego i badawczego Stanisława Pigonia. Zasadniczy zamysł opracowania skupia się na zarysowym ukazaniu pewnych linii powinowactw piśmiennictwa autora Z Komborni w świat z o całe pokolenie starszym pisarzem i trybunem ludowym, Jakubem Bojką, rodem z małopolskiej wsi Gręboszów. Wychodząc od mniej lub bardziej eksplicytnie zawartych danych w pismach Stanisława Pigonia, polem obserwacji owych paralel twórczych autor artykułu uczynił niektóre genologiczne, ideowe oraz formalno-językowe płaszczyzny pisarstwa obydwu postaci. W opinii autora zgromadzone dane oraz wyprowadzone na ich podstawie wnioski mogą stanowić przyczynek tak do lepszego rozpoznania sylwetki i dokonań twórczych wielkiego syna ziemi krośnieńskiej, jak też stanowić zalążek do pilnego i całościowego opracowania idiolektu tak Stanisława Pigonia, jaki i też jego duchowego antenata – Jakuba Bojki.
Kompleks Dostojewskiego czy kompleks Polaków?
Authors: Sucharski Tadeusz
Published: December 2021

Szkic jest próbą refleksji nad „polskim problemem” Fiodora Dostojewskiego, próbą w dużym stopniu polemiczną wobec dotychczasowych interpretacji polskiej dostojewskologii. W negatywnych kreacjach Polaków, które, poza Zapiskami z Martwego domu, nie odgrywają istotnej roli fabularnej w powieściach, krytyka doszukiwała się ekspresji niechęci pisarza, nawet polonofobii. Wskazywała ją na płaszczyźnie metafizycznej, narodowej, religijnej, etycznej. Analiza dzieł Dostojewskiego, w których pojawiają się polskie postaci, dowodzi, że kreacje Polaków odzwierciedlają przede wszystkim rosyjski negatywny stereotyp Polaka. Zasadniczą niechęć i irytację Dostojewskiego wzbudzali jedynie Polacy, którzy dążyli do uniezależnienia od Rosji. Pokazywał ich pisarz jako aroganckich oszustów, fałszywych hrabiów.
Prácticas de organización y conservación documental del cabildo de la C atedral de Oporto (de la Edad Media hasta el final del Antiguo Régimen)
Authors: João Silva Maria
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es el estudio del archivo del cabildo de la Catedral de Oporto y sus prácticas de organización y conservación documental, desde el periodo medieval hasta el final del Antiguo Régimen. Para ello, se cruzarán dos realidades: la práctica y la teórica. La primera, verificada en documentos de diversa naturaleza, así como en ciertos instrumentos de acceso a la información producidos por el cabildo. La segunda se recogió a partir de las Constituciones Sinodales de la diócesis de Oporto, promulgadas por los obispos como consecuencia de la realización de los sínodos. También se han observado los diversos cambios de ubicación que tubo el archivo dentro del espacio catedralicio y se ha cuestionado la relación entre el archivo capitular y el archivo de la mitra a lo largo de la cronología contemplada.
Combining Polyhedral Approaches and Stochastic Dual Dynamic Integer Programming for Solving the Uncapacitated Lot-Sizing Problem Under Uncertainty
Authors: Quezada Franco , Gicquel Céline , Kedad-Sidhoum Safia
Published: December 2021

We study the uncapacitated lot-sizing problem with uncertain demand and costs. The problem is modeled as a multistage stochastic mixed-integer linear program in which the evolution of the uncertain parameters is represented by a scenario tree. To solve this problem, we propose a new extension of the stochastic dual dynamic integer programming algorithm (SDDiP). This extension aims at being more computationally efficient in the management of the expected cost-to-go functions involved in the model, in particular by reducing their number and by exploiting the current knowledge on the polyhedral structure of the stochastic uncapacitated lot-sizing problem. The algorithm is based on a partial decomposition of the problem into a set of stochastic subproblems, each one involving a subset of nodes forming a subtree of the initial scenario tree. We then introduce a cutting plane–generation procedure that iteratively strengthens the linear relaxation of these subproblems and enables the generation of an additional strengthened Benders’ cut, which improves the convergence of the method. We carry out extensive computational experiments on randomly generated large-size instances. Our numerical results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the SDDiP algorithm at providing good-quality solutions within the computation time limit.

Summary of Contribution: This paper investigates a combinatorial optimization problem called the uncapacitated lot-sizing problem. This problem has been widely studied in the operations research literature as it appears as a core subproblem in many industrial production planning problems. We consider a stochastic extension in which the input parameters are subject to uncertainty and model the resulting stochastic optimization problem as a multistage stochastic integer program. To solve this stochastic problem, we propose a novel extension of the recently published stochastic dual dynamic integer programming (SDDiP) algorithm. The proposed extension relies on two main ideas: the use of a partial decomposition of the scenario tree and the exploitation of existing knowledge on the polyhedral structure of the stochastic uncapacitated lot-sizing problem. We provide the results of extensive computational experiments carried out on large-size randomly generated instances. These results show that the proposed extended algorithm significantly outperforms the SDDiP at providing good-quality solutions for the stochastic uncapacitated lot-sizing problem. Although the paper focuses on a basic lot-sizing problem, the proposed algorithmic framework may be useful to solve more complex practical production planning problems.
A Model of Search with Two Stages of Information Acquisition and Additive Learning
Authors: Gibbard Peter
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a model of choice with two stages of information acquisition. In this model, the choice problem can be interpreted as a variant of a more general multiarmed bandit problem. We assume that information acquisition takes a simple “additive form”—the value of an alternative is the sum of two components, which the decision maker can learn by undertaking two stages of information acquisition. This assumption yields a model that is tractable for the purposes of structural estimation. One possible application of the model is to online purchasing on e-commerce sites. For a consumer on an e-commerce website, there are potentially two stages of information acquisition: the consumer can obtain information about an alternative from (i) browsing the search results page and (ii) clicking on the alternative. By way of contrast, in much of the literature on structural econometric models of online purchasing, there is typically only one stage of information acquisition. Our paper may, therefore, provide a more realistic theory for modeling search, at least for those types of search—such as online purchasing—that involve two stages of information acquisition.

This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
3D Printing and Product Assortment Strategy
Authors: Dong Lingxiu , Shi Duo , Zhang Fuqiang
Published: December 2021

3D printing, as a production technology, differs from conventional technologies in three characteristics: design freedom—that is, it can handle certain product designs that conventional technologies cannot; quality distinction—that is, depending on the focal quality dimension, it can lead to a quality level superior or inferior to that of conventional technologies; and natural flexibility—that is, it is endowed with capacity flexibility without sacrificing operational efficiency. This paper investigates the joint impact of these characteristics when a firm selects conceptual designs to form its product assortment, taking into account the production-technology choices available for each design: 3D printing and two conventional technologies (dedicated and traditional flexible). Some designs can be processed by using any technology (generic), whereas others are specific to 3D printing (3D-specific). The firm selects designs to be handled by each technology and then invests accordingly in technology adoption, product development, capacity, and production. We characterize the structure of the optimal assortment based on the popularity of each design. Within the sets of generic designs and 3D-specific designs, respectively, the most popular designs should be included in the assortment; under a mild condition, the optimal assortment comprises the most popular ones among all the designs. Within the optimal assortment, 3D printing should handle the less popular generic designs than conventional technologies. We further demonstrate that the design freedom or improved quality associated with 3D printing may reduce the firm’s optimal product variety. In the absence of design freedom and quality distinction, natural flexibility by itself always enhances product variety; by contrast, traditional flexible technology may reduce product variety. Numerical study shows that 3D printing tends to be more valuable when popularities of the generic designs are distributed more evenly and when popularities of the 3D-specific designs are distributed less evenly.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
On Optimality Conditions for Nonlinear Conic Programming
Authors: Andreani Roberto , Gómez Walter , Haeser Gabriel , Mito Leonardo M. , Ramos Alberto
Published: December 2021

Sequential optimality conditions play a major role in proving stronger global convergence results of numerical algorithms for nonlinear programming. Several extensions are described in conic contexts, in which many open questions have arisen. In this paper, we present new sequential optimality conditions in the context of a general nonlinear conic framework, which explains and improves several known results for specific cases, such as semidefinite programming, second-order cone programming, and nonlinear programming. In particular, we show that feasible limit points of sequences generated by the augmented Lagrangian method satisfy the so-called approximate gradient projection optimality condition and, under an additional smoothness assumption, the so-called complementary approximate Karush–Kuhn–Tucker condition. The first result was unknown even for nonlinear programming, and the second one was unknown, for instance, for semidefinite programming.
Incentives for Shared Services: Multiserver Queueing Systems with Priorities
Authors: Liu Hanlin , Yu Yimin
Published: December 2021

Problem definition: We study shared service whereby multiple independent service providers collaborate by pooling their resources into a shared service center (SSC). The SSC deploys an optimal priority scheduling policy for their customers collectively by accounting for their individual waiting costs and service-level requirements. We model the SSC as a multiclass [Formula: see text] queueing system subject to service-level constraints. Academic/practical relevance: Shared services are increasingly popular among firms for saving operational costs and improving service quality. One key issue in fostering collaboration is the allocation of costs among different firms. Methodology: To incentivize collaboration, we investigate cost allocation rules for the SSC by applying concepts from cooperative game theory. Results: To empower our analysis, we show that a cooperative game with polymatroid optimization can be analyzed via simple auxiliary games. By exploiting the polymatroidal structures of the multiclass queueing systems, we show when the games possess a core allocation. We explore the extent to which our results remain valid for some general cases. Managerial implications: We provide operational insights and guidelines on how to allocate costs for the SSC under the multiserver queueing context with priorities.
Novel home use of mechanical negative pressure wound therapy in diabetic foot ulcers
Authors: Lim Xuxin , Zhang Li , Hong Qiantai , Yong Enming , Neo Shufen , Chandrasekar Sadhana , Tan Glenn Wei Leong , Lo Zhiwen Joseph
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Mechanical negative pressure wound therapy is an ultraportable, light weight and disposable single-use device that has been shown to promote wound healing. This study evaluated home use of a mechanically powered negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in diabetic foot wounds.

Methods:

Patients underwent revascularisation and/or debridement or amputation before starting mechanical NPWT. Wound outcomes and images of the wounds were recorded at each follow-up visit by the wound nurse. Patients were followed up until wound closure or end of therapy.

Results:

A total of 12 patients (each with one wound) were included in the study. Of the 12 wounds, 33.3% (n=4) of wounds achieved primary wound closure while the remaining 66.6% (n=8) of wounds demonstrated a mean wound size reduction of 37.5±0.13%. Of the closed wounds, mean time to healing was 4.75±2.50 weeks. There was 100% limb salvage with no further debridement or amputations, and no 30-day unplanned readmissions. Mean length of hospital stay before starting home NPWT was 9.75±6.31 days. Mean number of NPWT changes was 8.33±2.67 sessions, while mean duration of therapy was 4.0±1.54 weeks. Mean cost of home NWPT therapy was US$1904±731 per patient.

Conclusion:

The home use of mechanically powered NPWT in diabetic foot wounds demonstrated excellent wound healing rates and 100% limb salvage, with no complications.
A dual pressure indicator, two-layer compression system for treatment of venous leg ulcers: a review
Authors: Tai Hong Qian , Chaen Lester Chong Rhan , Boey Johnson , Kime Sally , Rial Rodrigo , Montero Elena Conde , Atkin Leanne , Stansal Audrey , Isabelle Lazareth , Tickner Anthony , Vlad Lucian G , Lantis John , Hester Colboc , Galea Emilio
Published: December 2021

Objective:

Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are considered the most frequent category of hard-to-heal limb ulcers. Although evidence-based care of VLUs suggests that compression therapy plays a pivotal role in the standard of care, patient adherence is considered low, with at least 33% non-compliance, either due to perceived problems from clinicians regarding their own competency in applying the bandages, or from the patient finding the wrapping bothersome. For many years, four-layer bandaging has been considered the ‘gold standard’, but application can be difficult and may also prove uncomfortable for patients. Accurate application may be facilitated by a stretch indicator which has been engineered to act as a surrogate for appropriate pressure application that can address the skill concern, while fewer layers can save clinicians' time and improve the quality of life of patients. Here, we review the literature supporting a two-layer system which combines elastic (long stretch) and inelastic (short stretch) components as well as both layers having graphic markers to define that the dressing has been applied at the proper tension.

Method:

An initial search was conducted on PubMed and then followed up by a manual search of Google Scholar to retrieve evidence of different levels, in order to evaluate the outcomes of use of the specific two-layer compression system with pressure indicators in the management of patients presenting with VLUs.

Results:

A total of four papers discussing the specific compression system in question were identified from 32 publications retrieved from PubMed, while a further six were retrieved from Google Scholar. These 10 publications were considered relevant to the two-layer system and were analysed for the outcomes of care, including wound healing, appropriate application, time-saving and better patient acceptance and adherence.

Conclusion:

Previous authors have demonstrated that two-layer systems are equivalent to four-layer systems. However, the ability to reproducibly apply appropriate compression has remained a question. The papers reviewed demonstrate that evidence suggests that the two-layer compression bandage system with indicators provides continuous, consistent and comfortable treatment that may be easier to apply with accurate pressure levels due to their indicator systems, and therefore, is a procedure that may increase patient adherence and acceptability to the wound therapy.
Successful Innovative Minimal Invasive Splenectomy in a Child with Combined Congenital Immunodeficiency and Acquired Pancytopenia Secondary to Hypersplenism
Authors: Anthony Favour Mfonobong , Govani Dhaval , Patel Rasila , Patel Ramnik
Published: December 2021

Congenital combined immunodeficiency in association of acquired hypersplenism are uncommon lesions in pediatric patients and certainly poses several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for successful and safe outcome of ideal treatment which has consequences of life long precautions. Herein, we report a case of combined immunodeficiency complicated by hypersplenism and pancytopenia in a 4-year-old female toddler who presented with hypogammaglobulinemia, low circulating B cells, and T cell lymphopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia. The results of hematological investigations revealed pancytopenia with ongoing persistent anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukopenia. and bone marrow examination revealed adequate cellularity with normally functioning bone marrow and no circulating auto antibodies. A splenectomy using an innovative minimal invasive technique was performed for curative purposes. Any evidence of the recurrence of hypersplenism was not noted 30 months after the operation.

Surgery is the most frequently performed treatment for hypersplenism with pancytopenia and normal bone marrow and no circulating antibodies. Pre-operative and post splenectomy vaccination record and post splenectomy status cards provide additional precautions for rare but life-threatening post splenectomy complications.
Supplemental table for "Classification of Crop Residue Cover in High-Resolution RGB Images Using Machine Learning"
Authors: Upadhyay P.C. , Lory J.A. , DeSouza G.N , Lagaunne T.A.P. , Spinka C.M.
Published: December 2021

Supplemental Table S1. Libraries used for each step of the machine learning operations.
Olga Glondys
Authors: Santacana Torres Carles
Published: December 2021

En memòria de la Dra Olga Glondys (1979-2020)
Globalització i cosmopolitisme: formes i mercats culturals a l’Europa de la segona meitat del segle XIX
Authors: Miquel Magrinyà Núria
Published: December 2021

Ressenya de: Orlando Figes, Los europeos. Tres vidas y el nacimiento de la cultura cosmopolita, Barcelona, Taurus, 2020
inundación de Tortosa de octubre de 1787: extremismo hidrometeorológico, catástrofe y gestión de la emergencia en la fachada mediterránea española durante el siglo xviii
Authors: Alberola Romá Armando
Published: December 2021

Los días 8 y 9 octubre de 1787, Tortosa sufrió la peor de las inundaciones conocidas hasta esa fecha. La provocaron el gran caudal que llevaba el río Ebro y el fortísimo temporal que se abatió sobre su tramo final y desembocadura. El desastre fue terrible, y la ciudad y su entorno estuvieron sumergidos bajo las aguas durante días. En este artículo se estudian las circunstancias que provocaron este suceso extremo, sus consecuencias, la gestión de la catástrofe por parte de los diferentes responsables político-administrativos y la respuesta del Estado.
The enriched Variscan lithosphere of NE Iberia: data from postcollisional Permian calc-alkaline lamprophyre dykes of Les Guilleries
Authors: Mellado Esteban , Corbella Mercè , Navarro Didac , Kylander Andrew
Published: December 2021

Post-collisional mafic dykes crosscut the Paleozoic metamorphic basement and late-Variscan plutons in Les Guilleries massif (Catalan Coastal Ranges, NE Iberia). The predominance of mafic phenocrysts, porphyritic texture, abundant amphibole, high MgO and volatile content, together with crustal-like trace-element patterns indicate that the dykes correspond to calc-alkaline lamprophyres, mainly spessartites. Their enrichment in LILE, HFSE and REE and initial Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sri between 0.70851 and 0.71127, epsilon Ndi between -5.23 and -4.63) are consistent with an enriched subcontinental lithospheric mantle source. U-Pb ages of matrix titanite crystals yield concordia ages of 262±7Ma, congruent with crosscutting relationships. Postmagmatic processes are evidenced by intense chloritization and albitization of the lamprophyres, together with systematic variations of Na2O vs SiO2, K2O, CaO, Ba, Rb, Cs, Pb, Sr, Tl, and Zn, and possibly the removal of F. The geochemical and geochronological data support an orogenic geochemical affinity, in accordance with the transitional tectonic regime between Variscan compression/transpression and post-collisional transtension/extension, related to the fragmentation of Pangea and thinning of the lithosphere. The lamprophyre dykes studied could represent the youngest pulse of Variscan orogenic magmatism and, therefore, mark its end in NE Iberia before the onset of the generalized Triassic extension.
Comunicació, ambigüitat i variació funcional. Una visió introductòria
Authors: Payrató Lluís
Published: December 2021

L’ambigüitat és un fenomen inherent a molts processos comunicatius, i comporta, en sentit estricte, una interpretació ambivalent d’un missatge; en sentit ampli es fa servir el terme també com a sinònim de «vaguetat». L’ambigüitat difereix especialment segons el registre o varietat funcional del llenguatge que es consideri: en l’article s’analitza el fenomen en relació amb el llenguatge corrent, el literari i els llenguatges d’especialitat (tecnolectes), i s’apunten diferents estratègies pragmàtiques i discursives que expliquen el perquè de les diferències.
Comunicació interna post-COVID
Authors: Stefanu Yanna , Navia Marcela
Published: December 2021

Aquest treball aprofundeix en els canvis que s’han produït en la comunicació interna en les empreses arran del confinament domiciliari causat per la COVID-19. Les conclusions s’han obtingut gràcies a un estudi realitzat per les autores en el qual han participat empreses grans, mitjanes i petites, així com entitats sense ànim de lucre, amb seu a Espanya o a Colòmbia. L’estudi es va dur a terme durant el primer confinament, el mes d’abril del 2020, amb la finalitat d’aprofundir en els canvis organitzatius i de relació interpersonal en l’àmbit empresarial que s’esperaven arran de la pandèmia. Entre les aportacions dels participants va sorgir de forma espontània la importància de la comunicació interna en les relacions dintre de l’organització i com els directius han de modificar els seus processos de comunicació davant d’aquesta nova situació. Són aquestes les aportacions que es recullen en aquest article.
La ciència comença per entendre els termes: diccionaris escolars de ciència
Authors: Estopà Rosa
Published: December 2021

Una de les principals dificultats amb què es troben els infants en el procés d’aprenentatge del coneixement científic és la comprensió del termes que es fan servir a l’aula, que llegeixen en els llibres o a Internet, que apareixen en els enunciats dels exàmens o en els exercicis i activitats. Per comprendre els textos sobre temes de ciència —en un sentit molt general del terme ciència, que inclou les matemàtiques, les ciències naturals, però també la llengua, la història o la música i el dibuix— els infants han d’entendre primer les paraules que serveixen per vehicular el coneixement científic. El lèxic especialitzat és l’embrió de les bases del coneixement cientificotècnic que progressivament l’infant adquireix i enriqueix fins que es converteix en especialista. En aquest procés el diccionari de ciència escolar esdevé un recurs fonamental. L’article presenta els fonaments de la metodologia utilitzada per elaborar diccionaris de ciència per a infants. Es tracta d’una metodologia lexicogràfica innovadora basada en el coneixement i en el desconeixement compartit entre iguals que respon a les necessitats dels infants a qui va dirigit el diccionari.
Transcranial direct current stimulation of cerebellum alters spiking precision in cerebellar cortex: A modeling study of cellular responses
Authors: Zhang Xu , Hancock Roeland , Santaniello Sabato
Published: December 2021

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the cerebellum has rapidly raised interest but the effects of tDCS on cerebellar neurons remain unclear. Assessing the cellular response to tDCS is challenging because of the uneven, highly stratified cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum, within which cellular morphologies, physiological properties, and function vary largely across several types of neurons. In this study, we combine MRI-based segmentation of the cerebellum and a finite element model of the tDCS-induced electric field (EF) inside the cerebellum to determine the field imposed on the cerebellar neurons throughout the region. We then pair the EF with multicompartment models of the Purkinje cell (PC), deep cerebellar neuron (DCN), and granule cell (GrC) and quantify the acute response of these neurons under various orientations, physiological conditions, and sequences of presynaptic stimuli. We show that cerebellar tDCS significantly modulates the postsynaptic spiking precision of the PC, which is expressed as a change in the spike count and timing in response to presynaptic stimuli. tDCS has modest effects, instead, on the PC tonic firing at rest and on the postsynaptic activity of DCN and GrC. In Purkinje cells, anodal tDCS shortens the repolarization phase following complex spikes (-14.7 ± 6.5% of baseline value, mean ± S.D.; max: -22.7%) and promotes burstiness with longer bursts compared to resting conditions. Cathodal tDCS, instead, promotes irregular spiking by enhancing somatic excitability and significantly prolongs the repolarization after complex spikes compared to baseline (+37.0 ± 28.9%, mean ± S.D.; max: +84.3%). tDCS-induced changes to the repolarization phase and firing pattern exceed 10% of the baseline values in Purkinje cells covering up to 20% of the cerebellar cortex, with the effects being distributed along the EF direction and concentrated in the area under the electrode over the cerebellum. Altogether, the acute effects of tDCS on cerebellum mainly focus on Purkinje cells and modulate the precision of the response to synaptic stimuli, thus having the largest impact when the cerebellar cortex is active. Since the spatiotemporal precision of the PC spiking is critical to learning and coordination, our results suggest cerebellar tDCS as a viable therapeutic option for disorders involving cerebellar hyperactivity such as ataxia.