bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of nutrients, total organic carbon, prokaryotes and viruses in onboard incubations of cold-water corals
Authors: Maier C. , de Kluijver A. , Agis M. , Brussaard C. P. D. , van Duyl F. C. , Weinbauer M. G.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. The potential influence of the cold-water corals (CWCs) Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata on the dynamics of inorganic nutrient and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations and the abundances of prokaryotes and viruses in bottom water was assessed in onboard incubation experiments. Ammonium, nitrite, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) and TOC concentrations and N:P ratios were typically higher in incubation water with corals than in controls, whereas nitrate concentrations did not reveal a clear trend. Mucus release (normalized to coral surface) was estimated by the net increase rate of TOC concentrations and averaged 23 ± 6 mg C m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 21 ± 8 mg C m−2 h−1 for M. oculata. Prokaryotic and viral abundance and turnover rates were typically stimulated in incubation water with corals. This prokaryotic stimulation averaged 6.0 ± 3.0 × 109 cells m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 8.4 ± 2.9 ×109 cells m−2 h−1 for M. oculata, whereas the viral stimulation averaged 15.6 ± 12.7 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 for L. pertusa and 4.3 ± 0.4 × 109 particles m−2 h−1 M. oculata. Our data suggest that prokaryotes and viruses are released from corals and that nutrient and mucus release enhanced prokaryotic and viral production. The result of this stimulation could be a fuelling of bottom water in CWC reefs with nutrients and organic matter and consequently an enhancement of microbe-mediated processes.
Monitoring presence and streaming patterns of Icelandic volcanic ash during its arrival to Slovenia
Authors: Gao F. , Stanič S. , Bergant K. , Bolte T. , Coren F. , He T.-Y. , Hrabar A. , Jerma J. , Mladenovič A. , Turšič J. , Veberič D.
Published: April 2011

Abstract. The eruption of the Eyjafjallajökull volcano starting on 14 April 2010 resulted in the spreading of volcanic ash over most parts of Europe. In Slovenia, the presence of volcanic ash was monitored using ground-based in-situ measurements, lidar-based remote sensing and airborne in-situ measurements. Volcanic origin of the detected aerosols was confirmed by subsequent spectral and chemical analysis of the collected samples. The initial arrival of volcanic ash to Slovenia was detected at ground level using in-situ measurements during the night of 17 April 2010, but was not observed via lidar-based remote sensing due to the presence of clouds at lower altitudes while the streaming height of ash-loaded air masses was above 5 km a.s.l. The second arrival of volcanic ash on 20 April 2010 was detected by both lidar-based remote sensing and airborne in-situ measurement, revealing two or more elevated atmospheric aerosol layers above Slovenia. Identification of samples from ground-based in-situ and airborne in-situ measurements based on energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed that a fraction of particles was volcanic ash from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption. We performed simulations of airflow trajectories to explain the arrival of the air masses containing volcanic ash to Slovenia.
Implementation of WiMAX (IEEE802.16.d) OFDM Baseband Transceiver-Based Multiwavelet OFDM on a Multi-Core Software-Defined Radio Platform
Authors: Aboud kadhim Mohammed , Ismail Widad
Published: April 2011

This paper investigates a new approach to the adaptation of the WiMAX IEEE802.16d baseband, the physical layer performance of wireless communications systems based on OFDM multiwavelet transform, using half values of coding rates, 16-QAM, and DMWT-OFDM by being applied to the SFF SDR development platform. In the new structure of WiMAX IEEE802.16d baseband, is reduce further the level of interference, and spectral efficiency is increased. The proposed design was model tested, and its performance was found to comply with International Telecommunications Union channel (ITU) models that have been elected for the wireless channel in the simulation process. The simulation approved the proposed design which achieved much lower bit error rates, increased signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), robustness for multipath channels and does not require cyclically prefixed guard interval and have higher spectral efficiency than OFDM based on DWT and FFT also can be used as an alternative conventional OFDM in WiMAX IEEE802.16d baseband.
Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by an Incarcerated Hernia after Iliac Crest Bone Harvest
Authors: d'Hondt Steven , Soysal Savas , Kirchhoff Philipp , Oertli Daniel , Heizmann Oleg
Published: April 2011

The iliac crest has become an often used site for autogenous bone graft, because of the easy access it affords. One of the less common complications that can occur after removal is a graft-site hernia. It was first reported in 1945 (see the work by Oldfield, 1945). We report a case of iliac crest bone hernia in a 53-year-old male who was admitted for elective resection of a pseudarthrosis and reconstruction of the left femur with iliac crest bone from the right side. One and a half months after initial surgery, the patient presented with increasing abdominal pain and signs of bowel obstruction. A CT scan of the abdominal cavity showed an obstruction of the small bowel caused by the bone defect of the right iliac crest. A laparoscopy showed a herniation of the small bowel. Due to collateral vessels of the peritoneum caused by portal hypertension, an IPOM (intraperitoneal onlay-mesh) occlusion could not be performed. We performed a conventional ventral hernia repair with an onlay mesh. The recovery was uneventful.
Lead and other heavy metals in stream sediments in the area of Meža valley
Authors: Fux Julija , Gosar Mateja
Published: April 2011

In the Meža valley, lead – zinc ore has been exploited and processed for more than 300 years, which has strongly influenced the environment. Previous investigations have shown increased concentrations of lead and some other metals. At the end of the 20th century, the Meža River was considered a stream with the highest concentrations of heavy metals in Slovenia. When the mine and processing plants ceased to operate, the direct transfer of heavy metals into the environment has strongly decreased. However, the deposits of poor ore and wastes from ore processing have remained as an indirect source of heavy metal pollution. From those places heavy metals have been washed out into the nearby streams, and carried into the Meža River and further into the Drava River. Chemical analysis of the Meža River and its tributaries has shown heavy pollution of the upper Meža River sediments with lead, zinc, molybdenum and cadmium, and partly with arsenic. In the lower Meža valley, those concentrations are mildly decreased. Concentrations of cobalt, chrome, copper and nickel are increased in the area around Ravne as a result of the ironworks industry. Mu{enik and Jan~arjev potok, both tributaries of the Meža River, contribute a high portion of heavy metal load to the Meža River. A specific case is Helenski potok, in which the concentrations of heavy metals strongly surpass the concentrations measured at all other locations. Although more than 10 years have passed since the mine and ore processing plant in the upper Meža valley were closed, the production has ceased and the rehabilitation measures have been taken, the environment in the upper Meža valley is still highly polluted.
Obesity and younger age at gout onset in a community‐based cohort
Authors: McAdams DeMarco Mara A. , Maynard Janet W. , Huizinga Mary Margret , Baer Alan N. , Köttgen Anna , Gelber Allan C. , Coresh Josef
Published: April 2011

Objective

Obesity is associated with gout risk. It is unclear whether obesity is associated with a younger age at gout onset. We examined whether obesity is related to age at gout onset and quantified the risk of incident gout by obesity status in the Campaign Against Cancer and Heart Disease (CLUE II) study, a longitudinal community‐based cohort.

Methods

CLUE II began in 1989 as a cohort study of residents living within or surrounding Washington County, Maryland. Followup questionnaires queried whether each participant had been diagnosed as having gout by a health care professional. Among participants with gout, we assessed whether obesity was related to age at disease onset. We also ascertained the 18‐year risk of incident gout according to obesity status (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) at baseline with cumulative incidence ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from Poisson regression.

Results

Among the study population (n = 15,533), 517 persons developed incident gout. The prevalence of obesity at baseline was 16.2%. The overall mean age at gout onset was 59.3 years. The onset of gout was 3.1 years (95% CI 0.3, 5.8) earlier in those who were obese at baseline and 11.0 years earlier (95% CI 5.8, 16.1) in participants who were obese at age 21 years, as compared with the nonobese participants. The 18‐year adjusted RR of gout in obese participants compared with nonobese participants was 1.92 (95% CI 1.55, 2.37).

Conclusion

Obesity is not only a risk factor for incident gout but is associated with an earlier age at gout onset.
3D Modeling of the Aggregation of Oxide Inclusions in a Liquid Steel Ladle: Two Numerical Approaches
Authors: Daoud Ismael Lis Alves , Rimbert Nicolas , Jardy Alain , Oesterlé Benoît , Hans Stéphane , Bellot Jean‐Pierre
Published: April 2011

The ladle treatment of liquid steel is mainly responsible for the steel cleanliness, since it generates as well as eliminates most of the oxide inclusions. Today, the combination of computational fluid dynamics and population balance modeling makes the numerical simulation of this complex three‐phase reactor possible. First, the comprehensive three‐dimensional turbulent multiphase flow model is developed to study the behavior of argon bubbles in liquid steel based on the geometry and operating conditions corresponding to the real industrial process. This simulation is validated by comparing the calculated mixing time with the experimental value predicted from ladle sampling. Then, the balanced equation for a population of oxide inclusions with aggregation mechanism is coupled with the hydrodynamic modeling. To obtain the solution of this equation two approaches are used: the classes method (CM) and the quadrature method of moments (QMOM). The simulation results show the equivalence of these methods and their respective advantages are presented.
First Bovine Serum Albumin‐Promoted Synthesis of Enones, Cinnamic Acids and Coumarins in Ionic Liquid: An Insight into the Role of Protein Impurities in Porcine Pancreas Lipase for Olefinic Bond Formation
Authors: Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Kumar Rajesh , Katoch Nidhi , Kumar Rakesh , Sinha Arun K.
Published: April 2011

During studies on exploiting the catalytic promiscuity of crude porcine pancreas lipase (PPL) in ionic liquid for CC bond formations, bovine serum albumin (BSA) was found to be competing for these reactions. After a detailed investigation, we establish that these transformations are possible by unspecific protein catalysis rather than catalytic promiscuity of “PPL” – a first insight into the role of protein impurities in crude enzyme. Thus, a novel and highly efficient, environmentally friendly approach involving synergistic catalysis by bovine serum albumin‐1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide (BSA‐[bmim]Br) has been developed for the synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated compounds including a one‐pot cascade synthesis of cinnamic acids and coumarins via aldol, Knoevenagel and Knoevenagel–Doebner condensations.
Familial ring (18) mosaicism in a 23‐year‐old young adult with 46,XY,r(18) (::p11→q21::)/46,XY karyotype, intellectual disability, motor retardation and single maxillary incisor and in his phenotypically normal mother, karyotype 47,XX,+r(18)(::p11→q21::)/46,XX
Authors: Balci Sevim , Tümer Celal , Karaca Çiğdem , Bartsch Oliver
Published: April 2011

We report on a 23‐year‐old man with craniofacial findings of the holoprosencephaly spectrum disorder (microcephaly, hypotelorism, depressed nasal bridge, single median maxillary central incisor), fusion of C2–C3 vertebrae, intellectual disability, and severe sleep apnea. Chromosome analysis of blood lymphocytes showed 75% ring (18) cells and 25% normal cells, karyotype mos 46,XY,r(18)(::p11→q21::)[75]/46,XY[25]. His mother was phenotypically normal except for a double ureter and bifid renal pelvis as in his son. She had a supernumerary ring (18) in 10% of blood lymphocytes, karyotype mos 47,XX,+r(18)(::p11→q21::)[10]/46,XX[90]. Familial ring (18) is a rare cytogenetic abnormality. This is the first report of a mother with a supernumerary ring (18) and a son with ring (18) mosaicism. Interestingly, the son showed a true mosaicism (mixoploidy) of ring (18) and normal cells. The mother's 46,XX cells could be easily explained by mitotic instability and ring loss during cell division. However, the coexistence of ring (18) and normal cells in the son is unusual. Possibly, during early postzygotic divisions of a 47,XY,+r(18) zygote, two (possibly subsequent) genetic events could have occurred, one when one normal chromosome 18 was lost (resulting in a cell line with ring 18), and one when the ring 18 was lost (resulting in a cell line without ring, “escape to normal”). Alternatively, the zygote of the son could have been 46,XY,r(18), and postzygotic loss of the ring 18 could have resulted in monosomy 18 cells followed by duplication of chromosome 18 in these cells (a rare mechanism for cell survival previously described as “compensatory” isodisomy). © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Costello and cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndromes: Moving toward clinical trials in RASopathies
Authors: Rauen Katherine A. , Banerjee Anuradha , Bishop W. Robert , Lauchle Jennifer O. , McCormick Frank , McMahon Martin , Melese Teri , Munster Pamela N. , Nadaf Sorena , Packer Roger J. , Sebolt‐Leopold Judith , Viskochil David H.
Published: April 2011

The RASopathies, one of the largest groups of multiple congenital anomaly syndromes known, are caused by germline mutations in various genes encoding components of the Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The RASopathies have many overlapping characteristics, including craniofacial manifestations, cardiac malformations, cutaneous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, and ocular abnormalities, neurocognitive impairment, hypotonia, and an increased risk of developing cancer. Costello syndrome (CS) and cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome are two of the more rare RASopathies. CS is caused by activating mutations in HRAS, and CFC is caused by dysregulation of signaling in the Ras/MAPK pathway due to mutations in BRAF, MEK1, or MEK2. The Ras/MAPK pathway, which has been well‐studied in cancer, is an attractive target for inhibition in the treatment of various malignancies utilizing small molecule therapeutics that specifically inhibit the pathway. With many inhibitors of the Ras/MAPK pathway in clinical trials, the notion of using these molecules to ameliorate developmental defects in CS and CFC is under consideration. CS and CFC, like other syndromes in their class, have a progressive phenotype and may be amenable to inhibition or normalization of signaling. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome: Does genotype predict phenotype?
Authors: Allanson Judith E. , Annerén Göran , Aoki Yoki , Armour Christine M. , Bondeson Marie‐Louise , Cave Helene , Gripp Karen W. , Kerr Bronwyn , Nystrom Anna‐Maja , Sol‐Church Katia , Verloes Alain , Zenker Martin
Published: April 2011

Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome is a sporadic multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation condition principally caused by mutations in BRAF, MEK1, and MEK2. Mutations in KRAS and SHOC2 lead to a phenotype with overlapping features. In approximately 10–30% of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of CFC, a mutation in one of these causative genes is not found. Cardinal features of CFC include congenital heart defects, a characteristic facial appearance, and ectodermal abnormalities. Additional features include failure to thrive with severe feeding problems, moderate to severe intellectual disability and short stature with relative macrocephaly. First described in 1986, more than 100 affected individuals are reported. Following the discovery of the causative genes, more information has emerged on the breadth of clinical features. Little, however, has been published on genotype–phenotype correlations. This clinical study of 186 children and young adults with mutation‐proven CFC syndrome is the largest reported to date. BRAF mutations are documented in 140 individuals (∼75%), while 46 (∼25%) have a mutation in MEK 1 or MEK 2. The age range is 6 months to 32 years, the oldest individual being a female from the original report [Reynolds et al. (1986); Am J Med Genet 25:413–427]. While some clinical data on 136 are in the literature, 50 are not previously published. We provide new details of the breadth of phenotype and discuss the frequency of particular features in each genotypic group. Pulmonary stenosis is the only anomaly that demonstrates a statistically significant genotype–phenotype correlation, being more common in individuals with a BRAF mutation. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upconverting Nanoparticles for Nanoscale Thermometry
Authors: Fischer Lorenz H. , Harms Gregory S. , Wolfbeis Otto S.
Published: April 2011

Upconverting materials are capable of absorbing near‐infrared light and converting it into short‐wavelength luminescence. The efficiency of this remarkable effect is highly temperature dependent and thus can be used for temperature determination (thermometry) on a nanometer scale. All the upconverting materials discovered so far display several (mainly two) narrow emission bands, each of which has its own temperature dependence. The ratio of the intensity of two of these bands provides a referenced signal for optical sensing of temperature, for example inside cells.
Synthesis of dihydropyrazole‐bridged dinuclear ferrocenyl derivatives and their catalytic effect on thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate
Authors: Gao Yong , Li Heng‐dong , Ke Cheng‐feng , Xie Li‐li , Wei Bing , Yuan Yao‐feng
Published: April 2011

Dihydropyrazole‐bridged dinuclear ferrocenyl derivatives (3a–3c) have been synthesized by the reaction of 1,3‐diferrocenyl‐2‐propen‐1‐on (1) with hydrazine, then acylation with acyl chloride directly. The structures were determined by mass spectrometry, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The compound 3c was characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. It was found that compounds 3a–3c have significant catalytic effect on the decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP). Compared with the thermal decomposition of pure AP, adding 3a, 3b and 3c in AP decreases its decomposition temperature by 78.8, 74.3 and 57.1 °C, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mn(III) mixed‐ligand complexes with bis‐pyrazolones and ciprofloxacin drug: synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activities
Authors: Modi C.K. , Jani D.H.
Published: April 2011

The fluoroquinolone family member ciprofloxacin is well known for its drug design and coordinating ability towards metal ions. The coordination chemistry of this drug with metal ions of biological and pharmaceutical importance is of considerable interest. Novel Mn(III) mixed‐ligand complexes of ciprofloxacin with various bis‐pyrazolone‐based dinegative bidentate ligands were synthesized and characterized on the basis of their physical properties, magnetic susceptibility measurements, (FT‐IR and electronic) spectral studies. The FAB‐mass spectrum of [Mn(A9)(L)(H2O)2]·H2O [where H2A9 = 4,4′‐(p‐tolylmethylene)bis(3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol) and HL = 1‐cyclopropyl‐6‐fluoro‐4‐oxo‐7‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)‐1,4‐dihydroquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid] was determined. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their bioactivity. The mixed‐ligand complexes exhibited comparable activities against two Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens) and two Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) microorganisms. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelial dysfunction in rat adjuvant‐induced arthritis: Up‐regulation of the vascular arginase pathway
Authors: Prati Clément , Berthelot Alain , Wendling Daniel , Demougeot Céline
Published: April 2011

Objective

To investigate whether arginase pathway abnormalities occur in vessels from rats with adjuvant‐induced arthritis (AIA), and to determine whether the up‐regulation of arginase, which reciprocally regulates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by competing for the same substrate, L‐arginine, contributes to endothelial dysfunction in AIA.

Methods

We performed vascular reactivity experiments on thoracic aortic rings from AIA rats and control rats, and we investigated the response of rings to norepinephrine (NE), sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and acetylcholine (ACh). ACh‐induced relaxation was evaluated in the presence (or not in the presence) of the NOS inhibitor NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), the arginase inhibitor Nω‐hydroxy‐nor‐L‐arginine (nor‐NOHA), or both. Aortic arginase activity was measured using a spectrophotometric method, and the expression of arginase and endothelial NOS (eNOS) was evaluated by Western blotting.

Results

ACh‐induced vasodilation was significantly impaired in AIA rats, while the responses to NE and to SNP did not differ from those in control rats. L‐NAME reduced ACh‐induced vasodilation to a lesser extent in AIA rats than in control rats. Incubation of aortic rings with nor‐NOHA enhanced the vascular response to ACh in AIA rats and reversed the effects of L‐NAME. Compared with control rats, AIA rats exhibited increased vascular expression of arginase II (by 22%) (P < 0.05) as well as increased arginase activity (by 49%) (P < 0.05), whereas eNOS expression was unchanged. Finally, arginase activity and expression correlated positively with arthritis severity.

Conclusion

Our results are consistent with the notion that arginase up‐regulation plays a role in AIA‐associated endothelial dysfunction. They suggest that arginase might be an attractive new target for treating endothelial dysfunction in arthritis.
Body parts removed during surgery: A useful training source
Authors: Macchi Veronica , Porzionato Andrea , Stecco Carla , Tiengo Cesare , Parenti Anna , Cestrone Adriano , De Caro Raffaele
Published: April 2011

Current undergraduate medical curricula provides relatively little time for cadaver dissection. The Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology at the University of Padova has organized a pilot project with the University Hospital for the donation of body parts that are surgically removed for therapeutic purposes and destined under Italian law for destruction. The aim of the project is to improve residents' practical training skills. A survey over the last two years has shown that about 60 body parts were available each year. These included 13 upper limbs or their parts (i.e., forearm with hand, hand, and fingers) and 47 lower limbs or their parts (i.e., legs with feet, feet, or toes). The residents explained the aim of the project to potential donors, and, if patients were willing to donate, their informed consent was obtained. The residents were present in the operating theater during the surgical procedure. In the post‐operative phase, the same residents performed dissections on the body part(s), following a teaching schedule prepared by a clinical anatomist, who also assisted residents during their studies. Residents also acted as tutors for undergraduate medical students who attended these dissections. The underlying pathology for which the body part was removed was examined, and surgical procedures were practiced on the body part itself. Our project provided an opportunity for a close relationship between anatomists and surgeons, reinforcing core knowledge of anatomy by appreciation of its clinical importance. The active involvement of residents as learners and as teachers in the various steps of this project improved their knowledge of surgical techniques and helped to establish a sense of ethical responsibility and respect for the human body. This approach involves study of anatomical structures from new perspectives and leads to improved surgical practice. Anat Sci Educ 4:151–156, 2011. © 2011 American Association of Anatomists.
Chemotaxis increases vertical migration and apparent transverse dispersion of bacteria in a bench‐scale microcosm
Authors: Strobel Kathryn L. , McGowan Sara , Bauer Robert D. , Griebler Christian , Liu Jun , Ford Roseanne M.
Published: April 2011

The success of in situ bioremediation is often limited by the inability to bring bacteria in contact with the pollutant, which they will degrade. A bench‐scale model aquifer was used to evaluate the impact of chemotaxis on the migration of bacteria toward the source of a chemical pollutant. The model was packed with sand and aqueous media was pumped across horizontally, simulating groundwater flow in a homogenous aquifer. A vertical gradient in chemoattractant was created by either a continuous injection of sodium benzoate or a pulse injection of sodium acetate. A pulse of chemotactic Pseudomonas putida F1 or a non‐chemotactic mutant of the same species was injected below the attractant. The eluent was sampled at the microcosm outlet to generate vertical concentration profiles of the bacteria and chemoattractant. Moment analysis was used to determine the center and variance of the bacterial profiles. The center of the chemotactic bacterial population was located at an average of 0.74 ± 0.07 cm closer to the level at which the chemoattractant was injected than its non‐chemotactic mutant in benzoate experiments (P < 0.015) and 0.4 ± 0.2 cm closer in acetate experiments (P < 0.05). The transverse dispersivity of the chemotactic bacteria was 4 ± 1 × 10−3 cm higher in benzoate experiments than the transverse dispersivity of the non‐chemotactic mutant and 1 ± 2 × 10−3 cm higher in acetate experiments. These results underscore the contribution of chemotaxis to improve transport of bacteria to contaminant sources, potentially enhancing the effectiveness of in situ bioremediation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2070–2077. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture of microalgae Chlorella minutissima for biodiesel feedstock production
Authors: Tang Haiying , Chen Meng , Garcia M.E.D. , Abunasser Nadia , Ng K.Y. Simon , Salley Steven O.
Published: April 2011

Microalgae are among the most promising of non‐food based biomass fuel feedstock alternatives. Algal biofuels production is challenged by limited oil content, growth rate, and economical cultivation. To develop the optimum cultivation conditions for increasing biofuels feedstock production, the effect of light source, light intensity, photoperiod, and nitrogen starvation on the growth rate, cell density, and lipid content of Chlorella minutissima were studied. The fatty acid content and composition of Chlorella minutissima were also investigated under the above conditions. Fluorescent lights were more effective than red or white light‐emitting diodes for algal growth. Increasing light intensity resulted in more rapid algal growth, while increasing the period of light also significantly increased biomass productivity. Our results showed that the lipid and triacylglycerol content were increased under N starvation conditions. Thus, a two‐phase strategy with an initial nutrient‐sufficient reactor followed by a nutrient deprivation strategy could likely balance the desire for rapid and high biomass generation (124 mg/L) with a high oil content (50%) of Chlorella minutissima to maximize the total amount of oil produced for biodiesel production. Moreover, methyl palmitate (C16:0), methyl oleate (C18:1), methyl linoleate (C18:2), and methyl linolenate (C18:3) are the major components of Chlorella minutissima derived FAME, and choice of light source, intensity, and N starvation impacted the FAME composition of Chlorella minutissima. The optimized cultivation conditions resulted in higher growth rate, cell density, and oil content, making Chlorella minutissima a potentially suitable organism for biodiesel feedstock production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108: 2280–2287. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A genetic reporter system to gauge cell proliferation rate
Authors: Peacock Ryan W.S. , Wang Clifford L.
Published: April 2011

In higher eukaryotes, E2F transcription factors often drive expression of genes necessary for the cell cycle, notably the G1/S phase transition. With conventional transcriptional reporter systems, expression of a reporter gene from an E2F‐responsive promoter would allow one to identify the fraction of cells making this transition. Here, we have engineered an E2F‐responsive genetic reporter system that outputs the proliferation rate. The system takes advantage of the long half‐lives of fluorescent protein reporters and output signal normalization. By doing so, it converts dynamic pulses of E2F activity into an analog output proportional to the proliferation rate. Such a system should be useful for applications involving high‐throughput drug or genetic screens, investigation of cellular environment, and biological engineering. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011;108:2003–2010. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D body scanning with hairstyle using one time‐of‐flight camera
Authors: Tong Jing , Zhang Mingmin , Xiang Xueqin , Shen Huaqing , Yan Hao , Chen Zhengming
Published: April 2011

Capturing realistic 3D shapes of human bodies is very useful for many computer graphics applications. However, for existing 3D shape capturing devices, such as structured light, laser scanner or multi‐view methods, problems arise when dealing with 3D hairstyle scanning and body deformation. To solve these problems, a novel approach is proposed to scan 3D body with hairstyle using only one time‐of‐flight (TOF) camera. By capturing depth data at video rate, temporal average meshes can be obtained from different views. After some analysis, we found that the local geometric details of real surfaces, after the hair scanning process and low‐frequency body deformation, are still preserved in the average meshes. Utilising the restriction that the corresponding surfaces in different views should overlap, a global optimisation process is proposed to iteratively improve the average meshes, while still preserving the geometric details. The proposed system is compact, and can scan 3D human body easily. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric‐Pressure, Liquid‐Phase, Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alkanes Catalysed by Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Alvaro Mercedes , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: April 2011

Aerobic oxidation of cyclooctane to its corresponding ol/one mixture at atmospheric pressure and in the liquid phase is efficiently promoted by an Fe(BTC) (BTC=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate) metal–organic framework, incorporating N‐hydroxyphthalimide and in several cases reaches a selectivity over 90 % at 28 % conversion. This catalytic system is further extended to other hydrocarbons, such as ethylbenzene and 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin), with high selectivity (>85 %). This high selectivity in the product distribution arises from a radical reaction mechanism that occurs inside a hydrophobic cavity that preferentially adsorbs hydrocarbons over their corresponding alcohols. The system can be reused although there is a gradual decrease in turnover frequency, caused by minor changes in the crystal structure due to the formation of iron oxide nanoparticles. Given the sustainable nature of the oxidant and the mild conditions used, this discovery could serve to develop a new catalyst generation for the oxyfunctionalisation of hydrocarbon feedstocks with the real possibility of finding industrial application.
A Facile Route to Water‐Soluble Coronenes and Benzo[ghi]perylenes
Authors: Schmidt Cordula D. , Lang Nina , Jux Norbert , Hirsch Andreas
Published: April 2011

Click reactions at the bay‐position of perylenes and a new route to benzo[ghi]perylenes and coronenes are presented. Irradiation with light leads to an electrocyclic reaction of the newly formed triazole ring(s) with the neighbouring bay‐positions of the perylene core and after oxidation by air, the benzo[ghi]perylenes and coronenes are obtained. By using Newkome dendrimers as substituents for perylene diimides (PDIs), water solubility can be achieved after removal of the tert‐butyl protecting groups. The aggregation and optical properties of the bay‐functionalised PDIs, benzo[ghi]perylenes and coronenes are investigated by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Conformational Properties of Azido(difluoro)phosphane, F2PN3.
Authors: Zeng Xiaoqing , Beckers Helmut , Willner Helge , Berger Raphael J. F. , Hayes Stuart A. , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: April 2011

The title compound is characterized by IR (gas phase, Ar matrix), Raman (liquid, amorphous, and crystalline solid), and 19F, 31P, 14N and 15N NMR spectroscopy, as well as by quantum chemical DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu22Bi12S21Cl16 — A Mixed Conductor with Fast One‐Dimensional Copper(I) Ion Transport.
Authors: Heerwig Andreas , Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim , Ruck Michael
Published: April 2011

Black, shiny needles of the title compound are prepared by melting a mixture of Cu, CuCl, S, and Bi2S3 (1120 K, tempering at 570 K for 14 d).
ChemInform Abstract: A New Series of Lanthanoid Containing Keggin‐Type Germanotungstates with Acetate Chelators: [{Ln(CH3COO)GeW11O39 (H2O)}2]12‐ {Ln: EuIII, GdIII, TbIII, DyIII, HoIII, ErIII, TmIII, and YbIII}.
Authors: Hussain Firasat , Sandriesser Stefan , Speldrich Manfred , Patzke Greta R.
Published: April 2011

Compounds (IV) and (VI) are characterized by single crystal XRD and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of the Intramolecular Prins Cyclization/Schmidt Reaction for the Construction of the Azaspiro[4,4]nonane: Application to the Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Stemonamine.
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Hua , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Zhang Shu‐Yu , Zhang Fu‐Min
Published: April 2011

Treatment of the azide (I) with TiCl4 results in a new and efficient formation of the spiro compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Hydroarylation of Alkynes with Arenes in the Presence of FeCl3 and AgOTf.
Authors: Hashimoto Takuya , Kutubi Shahajahan , Izumi Takayuki , Rahman Ataur , Kitamura Tsugio
Published: April 2011

FeCl3 in combination with AgOTf efficiently promotes the hydroarylation of propiolic acids to produce cinnamic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalytic Alkyne Metathesis with a Tri(tert‐Butoxy)silanolate‐Supported Tungsten Benzylidyne Complex.
Authors: Lysenko Sergej , Haberlag Birte , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias
Published: April 2011

The complex is used as an efficient catalyst in alkyne cross‐metathesis and ring‐closing alkyne metathesis reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbothiolation Reaction of 1‐Alkylthio‐1‐alkynes.
Authors: Arisawa Mieko , Igarashi Yui , Tagami Yoko , Yamaguchi Masahiko , Kabuto Chizuko
Published: April 2011

The reaction proceeds with 1,3‐butadiynes, 1‐decyne or (tert‐butylthio)ethyne (X) in the presence of RhH(PPh3)4 and an appropriate phosphine ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Promoted Selective Mono‐N‐alkylation of Anilines with Tertiary Amines by Heterogeneous Catalysis.
Authors: Lubinu M. Caterina , De Luca Lidia , Giacomelli Giampaolo , Porcheddu Andrea
Published: April 2011

The present new method for the palladium‐catalyzed N‐alkylation of anilines with tertiary amines occurs under heterogeneous transfer‐hydrogenation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Dienyl Homoallyl Alcohols via Palladium Catalyzed Ene‐Type Reaction of Aldehydes with 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Fukushima Masahiro , Takushima Daiki , Kimura Masanari
Published: April 2011

The reaction occurs selectively at the C—C double bond bearing higher electron density.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Proline‐Amino Thioureas as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldehydes to Nitroolefins.
Authors: Wang Wan‐Hui , Abe Takeshi , Wang Xiang‐Bo , Kodama Koichi , Hirose Takuji , Zhang Guang‐You
Published: April 2011

Both the reaction rate and the enantioselectivity are significantly improved upon in less polar solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with Total Stereoselectivity Promoted by Catalytic Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Concellon Carmen , Diaz‐Pardo Ainhoa , Llavona Ricardo
Published: April 2011

A new β‐elimination reaction allows the stereoselective synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐unsaturated esters by reaction of α‐halo‐β‐hydroxy esters with magnesium in the presence of samarium iodide as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Triflates.
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Sundararaju Basker , Neumann Helfried , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Beller Matthias
Published: April 2011

The present new method for carbonylative Sonogashira reactions of aryl triflates with alkynes results in the formation of alkynones which are useful building blocks for the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Tandem Aza‐Benzoin/Michael Reactions: On Site Reversal of the Reactivity of N‐Boc Imines.
Authors: Wu Ke‐Jia , Li Gong‐Qiang , Li Yi , Dai Li‐Xin , You Shu‐Li
Published: April 2011

A highly stereoselective tandem N‐heterocyclic carbene‐catalyzed aza‐benzoin/Michael reaction as a method to efficiently afford dihydroindenones (III) and pyrrolidinone‐containing tricycles (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross Metathesis of N‐Allylamines and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Shafi Syed , Kedziorek Mariusz , Grela Karol
Published: April 2011

A novel protocol allows the synthesis of a variety of pyrroles from N‐functionalized allyl amines, aldehydes or ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination of Allenes with Ureas.
Authors: Li Hao , Lee Seong Du , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: April 2011

It allows access to pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives with up to 93% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: CCC—N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Pincer Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Hydroamination Activity of a Hafnium Complex.
Authors: Cho Joon , Hollis T. Keith , Valente Edward J. , Trate Jaclyn M.
Published: April 2011

The hafnium compound HFC effectively promotes the intramolecular hydroamination of unactivated alkenes yielding pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Substituted Pyrroles Catalyzed by Polystyrene‐Supported Aluminum Chloride as a Reusable Heterogeneous Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Rahmatpour Ali , Aalaie Jamal
Published: April 2011

Polystyrene‐supported aluminum chloride is used as catalyst in Paal‐Knorr pyrrole synthesis for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Methyl Esters of Heterocyclic α,β‐Didehydro‐α‐amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Pozgan Franc , Lukman Klavdija , Kocevar Marijan
Published: April 2011

A simple and general method for the selective esterification of the title amino acids without destruction of the C=C bond is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: New Access to 5‐Substituted 1,3‐Benzothiazol‐2(3H)‐ones and Their N‐Methyl Analogues by a Palladium Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Pirat Celine , Ultre Vincent , Lebegue Nicolas , Berthelot Pascal , Yous Said , Carato Pascal
Published: April 2011

A new route for the synthesis of the title compounds via Stille and Suzuki reactions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to 1‐Monosubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles by a Click Cycloaddition/Decarboxylation Process.
Authors: Xu Mei , Kuang Chunxiang , Wang Zhuo , Yang Qing , Jiang Yubo
Published: April 2011

The novel protocol works under mild conditions and renders possible the preparation of a broad spectrum of triazoles from aryl and vinyl azides including various functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 1‐Hydroxyquinolones with High anti‐Toxoplasma Activity.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Ma Ling
Published: April 2011

Four novel hydroxyquinolones containing different side chains are prepared via Conrad—Limpach cyclizations, carried out in a two‐step fashion [(V)→(VII), (XII)→(XIII)].
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Hydroxyquinoline‐2,4‐diones with Isocyanates and Thermally Induced Transformation of the Reaction Products.
Authors: Mrkvicha Vladimir , Lycka Antonin , Vicha Robert , Klasek Antonin
Published: April 2011

Reaction of diones (I) and (V) with isocyanates gives the hitherto unknown dioxoquinolinyl carbamates (III) and/or oxazolo[5,4‐c]quinolinediones (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinolino[2′,3′:7,6]cyclohept[b]indoles and Their Antimicrobial Activities.
Authors: Yamuna Ezhumalai , Prasad Karnam Jayarampillai Rajendra
Published: April 2011

A general and simple one‐pot method for the synthesis of the title compounds (III) is presented along with a less efficient two‐step route.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenation of 5,6‐Dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones: A Convenient Last Step for a Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones.
Authors: Perez‐Pi Irene , Berzosa Xavier , Galve Inaki , Teixido Jordi , Borrell Jose I.
Published: April 2011

Two new protocols for the dehydrogenation of 5,6‐dihydropyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7(8H)‐ones (I) are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrosilylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Platinum on Titania
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Buitrago Robison , Moglie Yanina , Ruiz‐Martinez Javier , Sepulveda‐Escribano Antonio , Yus Miguel
Published: April 2011

It allows efficient, regio‐ and stereoselective formation of a wide range of vinyl silanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of the C(2)—C(11) Cyclopropylfuran Segment of Pinnatin A.
Authors: Tsubuki Masayoshi , Abekura Terunobu , Takahashi Kazunori , Honda Toshio
Published: April 2011

An enantioselective synthesis of cyclopropylfuran derivative (V), the C‐2—C‐11 segment of pinnatin A, is accomplished using the silver(I) oxide promoted Suzuki cross‐coupling of chiral cyclopropylboronic acid (II) with bromofuran (III) as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Dimeric Iridal Triterpenoid from Belamcanda chinensis with Significant Molluscicide Activity
Authors: Song Zhi‐Jun , Xu Xue‐Min , Deng Wen‐Long , Peng Shu‐Lin , Ding Li‐Sheng , Xu Han‐Hong
Published: April 2011

[i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Bioactive Indolo[3,2‐j]phenanthridine Alkaloid, Calothrixin B.
Authors: Tohyama Shigeo , Choshi Tominari , Matsumoto Kohji , Yamabuki Akira , Hieda Yuhzo , Nobuhiro Junko , Hibino Satoshi
Published: April 2011

The synthesis of calothrixin B (V) is investigated by using three routes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Centrolobine.
Authors: Fuwa Haruhiko , Noto Kenkichi , Sasaki Makoto
Published: April 2011

(.+‐.)‐Centrolobine (V) is obtained in four linear steps starting from commercially available p‐benzyloxybenzaldehyde via a domino olefin cross‐metathesis/intramolecular oxa‐conjugate cyclization key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a New Class of Benzoylpyrrole‐Based PPARα/γ Activators.
Authors: Ushiroda Kantaro , Maruta Katsunori , Kitoh Makoto , Iwai Kiyotaka , Nagamine Jun , Tsuchida Atsushi , Taiji Mutsuo , Nagata Ryu
Published: April 2011

A series of benzoylpyrrole‐based carboxylic acids are designed and synthesized as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) activators.
ChemInform Abstract: Early‐Transition‐Metal Catalysts with Phenoxy—Imine‐Type Ligands for the Oligomerization of Ethylene
Authors: Kinoshita Shinsuke , Kawamura Kazumori , Fujita Terunori
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Metal Complex Catalysis in the Series of Monofunctional Substrates: The Lower the Catalyst Symmetry, the Higher the Enantioselectivity
Authors: Pavlov V. A. , Pavlova T. N.
Published: April 2011

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Amphiphiles
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Chao
Published: April 2011

Review: 33 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Amines and Amino Acids by Enzyme—Metal Cocatalysis
Authors: Kim Yunwoong , Park Jaiwook , Kim Mahn‐Joo
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Allosteric Inhibitor Development Targeting HIV‐1 Integrase
Authors: Al‐Mawsawi Laith Q. , Neamati Nouri
Published: April 2011

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Combating Cystic Fibrosis: In Search of CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Modulators
Authors: Noy Efrat , Senderowitz Hanoch
Published: April 2011

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organometallic Radicals: Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Reaction Mechanisms
Authors: Kegl Tamas , Fortman George C. , Temprado Manuel , Hoff Carl D.
Published: April 2011

Review: 208 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional 2,5‐Diketopiperazines as Rigid Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds in Receptors and Peptidomimetics
Authors: Ressurreicao Ana Sofia M. , Delatouche Regis , Gennari Cesare , Piarulli Umberto
Published: April 2011

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Kind of “Soft Materials” Can We Design from Molecular Gels?
Authors: Dawn Arnab , Shiraki Tomohiro , Haraguchi Shuichi , Tamaru Shun‐ichi , Shinkai Seiji
Published: April 2011

Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecule‐Constructed Microporous Materials: Long under Our Noses, Increasingly on Our Tongues, and Now in Our Bellies
Authors: Holman K. Travis
Published: April 2011

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optical Imaging with Dynamic Contrast Agents
Authors: Wei Qingshan , Wei Alexander
Published: April 2011

Review: 94 refs.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulose in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Authors: Kirsch Christian , Wörmeyer Kai , Zetzl Carsten , Smirnova Irina
Published: April 2011

Bei der Nutzung lignocellulosehaltiger Biomasse führen hohe Feststoffbeladungen im Rührkessel noch zu Problemen bei der enzymatischen Hydrolyse. Die Integration von thermischer Vorbehandlung und enzymatischer Hydrolyse der Biomasse in einem Festbettreaktor wird daher in dieser Arbeit untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Einfluss von Pumpen auf die Enzymaktivität für eine spätere Anwendung vernachlässigbar ist, starke Druckabfälle sich jedoch negativ auf die Enzyme auswirken. Eine mechanische Vorbehandlung vor der thermischen Hydrolyse bietet deutliche Vorteile bei der Enzymreaktion (> 95 % Umsatz nach 48 h für pelletiertes Stroh). Desweiteren wird die enzymatische Hydrolyse im Festbett bei verschiedenen Feststoff‐Konzentrationen (7 – 20 %) gezeigt.