bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family violence against children: approach to nursing through genogram and ecomapa / Violência familiar contra criança: abordagem de enfermagem através do genograma e ecomapa
Authors: Camilo Liliane Amazonas , Do Couto Leila Leontina , Barreto Ana Cláudia Mateus , Santana dos Santos Aline Cerqueira , Regazzi Isabel Cristina Ribeiro , Pinto Layanne Fonseca
Published: September 2021

Objetivos: descrever a organização familiar frente ao caso de violência contra a criança e analisar através da utilização do genograma e ecomapao risco de familiares em situação de violência. Método: estudo descritivo, tipo estudo de caso realizado no setor pediátrico de um Hospital Municipal da Baixada Litorânea do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aplicado o Modelo de Calgary de avaliação de famílias. Resultados: através do genograma e ecomapa identificou-se a organização familiar, as relações familiares e as várias situações de violência vivenciadas pela criança e seus familiares. Conclusão: este estudo ratifica o papel da enfermagem na identificação de casos de violência, a importância destes profissionais em compreender a magnitude desta situação e seus desdobramentos no ambiente familiar. O enfermeiro deve desenvolver habilidades que protejam a criança e sua família em questões de violência intrafamiliar.
Burnout syndrome in nursing students / Síndrome de burnout em acadêmicos de enfermagem
Authors: Albuquerque Roberto Nascimento de , Barbosa Amanda Fukuyoshi , Pacheco Gabriele Batista Ferreira
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: determinar a prevalência de Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de graduação da área da saúde, em especial do curso de Enfermagem de uma instituição privada de ensino superior do Distrito Federal. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo por meio da aplicação de dois questionários: um sociodemográfico e educacional e o Maslach Burnout Inventory – Students Survey. Resultados: participaram 356 estudantes de enfermagem, os quais não apresentaram a Síndrome de Burnout, mas obtiveram índices altos de despersonalização e baixa eficácia acadêmica. Acadêmicos do terceiro ano do curso foram os mais suscetíveis a desenvolver tal patologia. Conclusão: reforça-se a necessidade de novas reflexões e discussões acerca da concepção acadêmica dos estudantes de Enfermagem, em especial os acadêmicos que se encontram na metade do curso.
Fragility profile of elderly care in primary health care / Perfil de fragilidade de idosos atendidos na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: SILVA Josefa Raquel Luciano da , Silva Júnior José Antonio da , Melo Mayse Cristelle De Sales , Chaves Ana Elisa Pereira , Medeiros Fabíola de Araújo Leite , Medeiros Ana Claudia Torres de
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência e os graus da fragilidade em idosos atendidos na Atenção Primária à Saúde, através da Edmonton Frail Scale. Método: os dados foram obtidos por meio de um questionário previamente elaborado. Excetuando-se as perdas e recusas amostrais, participaram do estudo 118 idosos. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Unidade Básica de Saúde ou no domicílio dos idosos. Resultados: obteve-se predominância de pessoas do sexo feminino (72%), a idade média foi de aproximadamente 71,55 anos. No tocante a fragilidade de forma geral, 28% (n=3) dos entrevistados obtiveram escores comuns à fragilidade, 32,2% (n=38) foram considerados aparentemente vulneráveis e 39,8% (n=47) não frágeis. Conclusão: considerando as alterações que o idoso fragilizado pode enfrentar com o avanço desse problema, são necessárias intervenções precoces, as quais a Atenção Primária à Saúde é capaz de priorizar, contudo são necessários estudos maiores para avaliarem variáveis relacionadas à fragilidade em diferentes realidades.
Translation of knowledge based on scientific evidence to improve the clinical practice of obstetricians / Translação do conhecimento baseado em evidências científicas para melhorar a prática clínica de obstetras
Authors: Santos Rafael Cleison Silva dos , Lima Leilson da Silva
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de intervenções educativas baseadas em evidências científicas para melhorar a prática clínica de obstetras. Método: estudo longitudinal com enfermeiros e médicos do Hospital Estadual de Santana, Amapá, Brasil, onde realizou-se 21 entrevistas estruturadas na pré e pós-auditoria, além de intervenções educativas com “auditoria e feedback” e “diretrizes de prática clínica” recomendadas pela Cochrane collaboration para provocar mudanças no comportamento dos profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram analisados através de uma escala Likert. Resultados: houve aumento de profissionais favoráveis à recomendação de práticas obstétricas, após as intervenções educativas, com aumento significativo da sutura perineal com fio sintético absorvível e a técnica de compressa morna no períneo; menos profissionais recomendaram as intervenções obstétricas, com redução significativa da manobra de Kristeller no parto. Conclusão: as intervenções educativas proporcionaram melhoras na prática dos profissionais.
Construction of Polyoxometalate‐Based Material for Eliminating Multiple Pb‐Based Defects and Enhancing Thermal Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Jian , Lin Kaifeng , Dong Yayu , Wang Jiaqi , Hu Boyuan , Li Jiao , Shi Zhe , Hu Yanjing , Cao Wei , Xia Debin , Fan Ruiqing , Yang Yulin
Published: September 2021

The high‐quality perovskite film with few defects plays an important role in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long‐term stability of perovskite solar cells. Here, an efficient strategy is proposed to eliminate Pb0 and passivate Pb2+ simultaneously by employing a stable polyoxometalate‐based material CoW12@MIL‐101(Cr) in the precursor solution of perovskite. The controllable oxidation ability of CoW12 is optimized through the interaction with metal–organic frameworks, resulting in a doped perovskite film with regular morphology, large grain size, and low defects density. The solvent effects and formation of intermediate materials in the precursor solution are further investigated by an in situ thermogravimetry‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the champion doped‐device showed enhanced PCE to 21.39% and excellent stability, maintaining 85% and 89% of the original PCE after heating at 85 °C in N2 atmosphere and stored in ambient conditions (25 °C, 40% humidity) for 1000 h, respectively.
Kitkaite NiTeSe, an Ambient‐Stable Layered Dirac Semimetal with Low‐Energy Type‐II Fermions with Application Capabilities in Spintronics and Optoelectronics
Authors: Vobornik Ivana , Sarkar Anan Bari , Zhang Libo , Boukhvalov Danil W. , Ghosh Barun , Piliai Lesia , Kuo Chia‐Nung , Mondal Debashis , Fujii Jun , Lue Chin Shan , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Xing Huaizhong , Wang Lin , Agarwal Amit , Politano Antonio
Published: September 2021

The emergence of Dirac semimetals has stimulated growing attention, owing to the considerable technological potential arising from their peculiar exotic quantum transport related to their nontrivial topological states. Especially, materials showing type‐II Dirac fermions afford novel device functionalities enabled by anisotropic optical and magnetotransport properties. Nevertheless, real technological implementation has remained elusive so far. Definitely, in most Dirac semimetals, the Dirac point lies deep below the Fermi level, limiting technological exploitation. Here, it is shown that kitkaite (NiTeSe) represents an ideal platform for type‐II Dirac fermiology based on spin‐resolved angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory. Precisely, the existence of type‐II bulk Dirac fermions is discovered in NiTeSe around the Fermi level and the presence of topological surface states with strong (≈50%) spin polarization. By means of surface‐science experiments in near‐ambient pressure conditions, chemical inertness towards ambient gases (oxygen and water) is also demonstrated. Correspondingly, NiTeSe‐based devices without encapsulation afford long‐term efficiency, as demonstrated by the direct implementation of a NiTeSe‐based microwave receiver with a room‐temperature photocurrent of 2.8 µA at 28 GHz and more than two orders of magnitude linear dynamic range. The findings are essential to bringing to fruition type‐II Dirac fermions in photonics, spintronics, and optoelectronics.
Small Intestinal Submucosa Membrane Modified by Fusion Peptide‐Mediated Extracellular Vesicles to Promote Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ma Shiqing , Wei Pengfei , Zhao Yifan , Mu Yuzhu , Wu Jinzhe , Jing Wei , Zhao Bo , Deng Jiayin , Liu Zihao
Published: September 2021

Tissue injury, which often occurs in daily life, remains challenging in clinical medicine. Developing a novel biomaterial with the capability to provide an ideal microenvironment and homeostasis around the wound is highly desirable for effective tissue regenerative medicine. The small intestinal submucosa (SIS) membrane possesses a precise spatial structure with excellent biocompatibility. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can achieve rapid cell proliferation and migration with little immune response by creating a satisfactory microenvironment. In this study, fusion peptide‐mediated EVs are able to modify the surface of the SIS membrane via specific combination. In vitro studies prove that modified SIS membranes can promote cell migration and spreading. This phenomenon may be because of the activation of TEADs, which regulate cell behavior. By constructing a rat abdominal wall defect model, it is further demonstrated that the modified SIS membrane is more conducive to tissue regeneration. Collectively, these results suggest that SIS membranes modified by fusion peptide‐mediated EVs achieve excellent biofunction and provide promising prospects for tissue regeneration.
Molecule‐Upgraded van der Waals Contacts for Schottky‐Barrier‐Free Electronics
Authors: Zhang Xiankun , Kang Zhuo , Gao Li , Liu Baishan , Yu Huihui , Liao Qingliang , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Yue
Published: September 2021

The applications of any ultrathin semiconductor device are inseparable from high‐quality metal–semiconductor contacts with designed Schottky barriers. Building van der Waals (vdWs) contacts of 2D semiconductors represents an advanced strategy of lowering the Schottky barrier height by reducing interface states, but will finally fail at the theoretical minimum barrier due to the inevitable energy difference between the semiconductor electron affinity and the metal work function. Here, an effective molecule optimization strategy is reported to upgrade the general vdWs contacts, achieving near‐zero Schottky barriers and creating high‐performance electronic devices. The molecule treatment can induce the defect healing effect in p‐type semiconductors and further enhance the hole density, leading to an effectively thinned Schottky barrier width and improved carrier interface transmission efficiency. With an ultrathin Schottky barrier width of ≈2.17 nm and outstanding contact resistance of ≈9 kΩ µm in the optimized Au/WSe2 contacts, an ultrahigh field‐effect mobility of ≈148 cm2 V−1 s−1 in chemical vapor deposition grown WSe2 flakes is achieved. Unlike conventional chemical treatments, this molecule upgradation strategy leaves no residue and displays a high‐temperature stability at >200 °C. Furthermore, the Schottky barrier optimization is generalized to other metal–semiconductor contacts, including 1T‐PtSe2/WSe2, 1T′‐MoTe2/WSe2, 2H‐NbS2/WSe2, and Au/PdSe2, defining a simple, universal, and scalable method to minimize contact resistance.
Design Principles of Sodium/Potassium Protection Layer for High‐Power High‐Energy Sodium/Potassium‐Metal Batteries in Carbonate Electrolytes: a Case Study of Na2Te/K2Te
Authors: Yang Hai , He Fuxiang , Li Menghao , Huang Fanyang , Chen Zhihao , Shi Pengcheng , Liu Fanfan , Jiang Yu , He Lixin , Gu Meng , Yu Yan
Published: September 2021

The sodium (potassium)‐metal anodes combine low‐cost, high theoretical capacity, and high energy density, demonstrating promising application in sodium (potassium)‐metal batteries. However, the dendrites’ growth on the surface of Na (K) has impeded their practical application. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) results predict Na2Te/K2Te is beneficial for Na+/K+ transport and can effectively suppress the formation of the dendrites because of low Na+/K+ migration energy barrier and ultrahigh Na+/K+ diffusion coefficient of 3.7 × 10−10 cm2 s−1/1.6 × 10−10 cm2 s−1 (300 K), respectively. Then a Na2Te protection layer is prepared by directly painting the nanosized Te powder onto the sodium‐metal surface. The Na@Na2Te anode can last for 700 h in low‐cost carbonate electrolytes (1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2), and the corresponding Na3V2 (PO4)3//Na@Na2Te full cell exhibits high energy density of 223 Wh kg−1 at an unprecedented power density of 29687 W kg−1 as well as an ultrahigh capacity retention of 93% after 3000 cycles at 20 C. Besides, the K@K2Te‐based potassium‐metal full battery also demonstrates high power density of 20 577 W kg−1 with energy density of 154 Wh kg−1. This work opens up a new and promising avenue to stabilize sodium (potassium)‐metal anodes with simple and low‐cost interfacial layers.
Direct Atomic‐Scale Structure and Electric Field Imaging of Triazine‐Based Crystalline Carbon Nitride
Authors: Wang Wu , Cui Juan , Sun Zongzhao , Xie Lin , Mu Xiaoke , Huang Limin , He Jiaqing
Published: September 2021

Crystalline carbon nitrides (CNs) have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their superior photocatalytic activity. However, the electron‐beam‐sensitive nature of crystalline CNs hinders atomic‐resolution imaging of their local structures by conventional (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) techniques. Here, the atomic structure of a triazine‐based crystalline CN, poly(triazine imide) (PTI) incorporated with lithium and chloride ions, is unambiguously revealed using the emerging imaging technique of differential phase contrast STEM under a low dose. The lightest‐element Li/H configuration is resolved within framework cavities of PTI and significantly affects the electronic structure for photoabsorption. The atomic electric field of PTI crystal directly determined in real space provides a fundamental evidence for the chemical bonding of Li ions and adjacent atoms for the migration of photogenerated carriers. These results facilitate the comprehension on local atomic configuration and chemical bonding state of crystalline CNs and can lead to a deeper understanding of the photocatalytic mechanism.
Growth of Graphene Nanoflakes/h‐BN Heterostructures
Authors: Küster Kathrin , Hooshmand Zahra , Rosenblatt Daniel Pablo , Koslowski Sebastian , Le Duy , Starke Ulrich , Rahman Talat S. , Kern Klaus , Schlickum Uta
Published: September 2021

2D materials such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), or transition metal dichalcogenides, and their heterostacks are gaining increasing interest because of their extraordinary properties, which can range from superconductivity to large charge carrier mobilities. In this paper, the electronic and structural modifications of h‐BN on Rh(111) are investigated by the intercalation of carbon forming graphene nanoflakes between the h‐BN and the Rh(111) surface. The carbon atoms—natural impurities in Rh bulk crystals—diffuse to the surface during the h‐BN growth and segregate there during cooling. The graphene nanoflakes are present at particular sites under the wires of the h‐BN nanomesh leading to an altered appearance of the Moiré pattern and modified electronic and chemical properties. Thus, a novel fabrication route of graphene nanoflakes located in a heterostack between Rh(111) and h‐BN is shown by steering the segregation of carbon impurities at the rhodium surface.
Rapid Synthesis of Bright, Shape‐Controlled, Large Single Crystals of Cs3Cu2X5 for Phase Pure Single (X = Br, Cl) and Mixed Halides (X = Br/Cl) as the Blue and Green Components for Printable White Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Zhou Zhicong , Li Yanyan , Xing Zengshan , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Li Zhi , Wong Kam Sing , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: September 2021

Ternary copper halides have garnered significant interest for their bright, high quantum yield emission stemming from the radiative decay of self‐trapped excitons (STEs). Cesium copper halides have shown promise for use in optoelectronics, including light‐emitting devices (LEDs) for lighting and displays. To date several synthetic procedures for Cs3Cu2X5 (X = Cl, Br, and mixed Br/Cl) have been proposed for making nanocrystals, microcrystals, or polycrystalline thin films. Here, a synthetic method for making large single crystals (SCs) with millimeter dimensions in less than 30 min is presented. Phase pure mixed halide SCs are also produced and in‐depth structural analysis has been performed for the first time, definitively showing the site preferences for mixing chloride into the pure Cs3Cu2Br5 structure. Quantum yields for SCs of X = Cl and Br are 100% and 27% respectively, with long lifetimes and strong evidence of STE emission. This synthesis can be used to produce white light UV‐downconversion LEDs using ternary copper halides as the blue and green components along with the commercial red phosphor K2SiF6:Mn4+. These devices give a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage (CIE) coordinate of (0.3327, 0.3342) and color rendering index of 90% at a color temperature of ≈5500 K.
Novel tool for assessing the quality of feedback in the emergency room (FEED‐ER)
Authors: Natesan Sreeja , Todd Brett , Hsu Robert S. , Ren Ronnie Kuo , Clark Ryan , Jara‐Almonta Geoff , Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Narajeenron Khuansiri
Published: September 2021

Background

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) emphasizes constructive feedback as a critical component of residency training. Despite over a decade of using competency‐based milestone evaluations, emergency medicine (EM) residency programs lack a standardized method for assessing the quality of feedback. We developed two novel EM‐specific feedback surveys to assess the quality of feedback in the ER (FEED‐ER) from both the resident and the faculty perspectives. This study aimed to evaluate the surveys’ psychometric properties.

Methods

We developed FEED‐ER using a Likert scale with faculty and resident versions based on the ACGME framework and a literature review. The preliminary survey consisted of 25 questions involving the feedback domains of timeliness, respect/communication, specificity, action plan, and feedback culture. We conducted two modified Delphi rounds involving 17 content experts to ensure respondent understanding of the items, item coherence to corresponding feedback domains, thematic saturation of domain content, and time duration. A multicenter study was conducted at five university‐based EDs in the United States and one in Thailand in 2019. We evaluated the descriptive statistics of the frequency of responses, validity evidence, and reliability of FEED‐ER.

Results

A total of 147 EM faculty and 126 EM residents completed the survey. Internal consistency was adequate (Cronbach's alpha > 0.70) and test–retest reliability showed adequate temporal stability (ICC > 0.80) for all dimensions. Content validity was deemed acceptable (CVC > 0.80) for all items. From the 25 items of FEED‐ER, 23 loaded into the originally theorized dimensions (with factor loadings > 0.50). Additionally, the five feedback domains were found to be statistically distinct, with correlations between 0.40 and 0.60. The final survey has 23 items.

Conclusions

This is the first study to develop and provide validity evidence for an EM‐specific feedback tool that has strong psychometric properties, is reproducible and reliable, and provides an objective measure for assessing the quality of feedback in the ED.
Robin sequence without cleft palate: Genetic diagnoses and management implications
Authors: Weaver K. Nicole , Sullivan Bonnie R. , Balow Stephanie A. , Hopkin Sara , Chini Barbara A. , Pan Brian S. , Stottmann Rolf W. , Bender Patricia L. , Hopkin Robert J. , Zhang Xue , Saal Howard M.
Published: September 2021

Robin sequence (RS), the triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis, and airway obstruction, is a major cause of respiratory distress and feeding difficulties in neonates. Robin sequence can be associated with other medical or developmental comorbidities in ~50% of cases (“syndromic” RS). As well, RS is variably associated with cleft palate (CP). Previous studies have not investigated differences in clinical characteristics of children with RS based on presence or absence of CP. We retrospectively reviewed 175 children with RS and compared genetic diagnoses, medical and developmental comorbidities, severity of airway obstruction, and feeding outcomes between those with and without CP. Strikingly, 45 of 45 (100%) children with RS without CP were classified as syndromic due to presence of comorbidities unrelated to RS, while 83 of 130 (64%) children with RS with CP were classified as syndromic. Among 128 children with syndromic RS, there were no differences in severity of airway obstruction, surgical intervention rate or type, or feeding outcome at 12 months based on CP status. Our findings support the conclusion that the pathogenesis of RS without CP is distinct from RS with CP and more likely to cause additional medical or developmental problems. Alternatively, children with RS without CP and without additional anomalies present may be under recognized.
Brain health: Key to health, productivity, and well‐being
Authors: Avan Abolfazl , Hachinski Vladimir ,   the Brain Health Learn and Act Group
Published: September 2021

Brain health is essential for physical and mental health, social well‐being, productivity, and creativity. Current neurological research focuses mainly on treating a diseased brain and preventing further deterioration rather than on developing and maintaining brain health. The pandemic has forced a shift toward virtual working environments that accelerated opportunities for transdisciplinary collaboration for fostering brain health among neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, neuro and socio‐behavioral scientists, scholars in arts and humanities, policymakers, and citizens. This could shed light on the interconnectedness of physical, mental, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants of brain disease and health. We advocate making brain health the top priority worldwide, developing common measures and definitions to enhance research and policy, and finding the cause of the decline of incidence of stroke and dementia in some countries and then applying comprehensive customized cost‐effective prevention solutions in actionable implementation units. Life cycle brain health offers the best single individual, communal, and global investment.
Recombinant human thrombopoietin improved platelet engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Gu Jingli , Liu Junru , Li Xiaozhe , Zou Waiyi , Huang Beihui , Chen Meilan , Li Juan
Published: September 2021

Background

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) for hematopoietic reconstitution after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM).

Method

Thirty‐five cases with NDMM had been enrolled into a prospective clinical trial from March 2014. The hematopoietic reconstitution was compared between these 35 cases (rhTPO group) and 98 historic cases not receiving rhTPO (control group) after stem cell reinfusion.

Results

Thirty‐five (100%) cases receiving rhTPO achieved both neutrophil and platelet engraftment within 30 days post‐transplant. The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was the 10th day and 11th day after stem cell reinfusion, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that rhTPO administration was an independent factor for accelerating platelet engraftment (HR 2.013, 95% CI 1.336–3.034, p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that rhTPO improved platelet engraftment and alleviated platelet transfusion needs in patients with inadequate re‐infused CD34+ cell counts of <2 × 109/L. All the 35 patients tolerated rhTPO well. Survival analysis showed no decrease in time to progression (TTP) or overall survival (OS) by rhTPO administration.

Conclusion

rhTPO accelerated the platelet engraftment after ASCT in patients with NDMM with good tolerability and long‐term safety, especially for those patients with poor CD34+ cell reinfusion. rhTPO might be recommended to be used early after ASCT for patients with NDMM.
Principles of Combined Surgical Therapy for the Management of Peri‐Implantitis
Authors: Monje Alberto , Schwarz Frank
Published: September 2021

Focused Clinical Question

The purpose of this technical note is to present the principles for combined therapy as well as to illustrate the step‐by‐step approach of this procedure to efficiently manage peri‐implantitis.

Peri‐implantitis is the primary threat that compromises the longevity of dental implants. This entity is regarded as a biofilm‐mediated inflammatory condition. As such, the arrestment of disease is conditioned by the elimination of the etiological factor and the clinical resolution of inflammation by eliminating pathogenic pockets. It was suggested that the therapy of peri‐implantitis relies upon defect configuration. In this sense, defect configuration is, in part, conditioned by the dimensions of the alveolar bone and implant position. In the clinical basis, it is frequent to identify combined defects exhibiting area(s) where reconstructive therapy is inefficient due to uncontained defect morphology. These situations represent clinical indications for combined therapy.

Conclusions

This therapeutic modality is based on the combination of reconstructive therapy in the infraosseous defect component and surface modification for the area of the implant within the supracrestal component or outside the reparative potential.
Surrogate Modeling of Thermodynamic Equilibria: Applications, Sampling and Optimization
Authors: Winz Joschka , Nentwich Corina , Engell Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Models based on first principles are an effective way to model chemical processes. The quality of these depends critically on the accurate description of thermodynamic equilibria. This is provided by modern thermodynamic models, e.g., PC‐SAFT, but they come with a high computational cost, which makes process optimization challenging. This can be addressed by using surrogate models to approximate the equilibrium calculations. A high accuracy of the surrogate model can be achieved by carefully choosing the points at which the original function is evaluated to create data for the training of the surrogate models, called sampling. Using a case study, different approaches to sampling are discussed and evaluated with a focus on new approaches to adaptive sampling.
One‐pass streaming algorithm for monotone lattice submodular maximization subject to a cardinality constraint
Authors: Zhang Zhenning , Guo Longkun , Wang Linyang , Zou Juan
Published: September 2021

In the article, we devise streaming algorithms for maximization of a monotone submodular function subject to a cardinality constraint on the integer lattice. Based on the observation that lattice submodularity is not equivalent to diminishing return submodularity on the integer lattice but rather a weaker condition, we propose a one‐pass streaming algorithm with a modified binary search as subroutine of each step. Finally, we show that the algorithm is with approximation ratio , memory complexity , and per‐element query complexity .
Wire‐Arc Additive Manufacturing Using Ni1Cu Weathering Steel
Authors: Zhang Haitao , Wu Suisong , Shi Rumeng , Guo Chun
Published: September 2021

A part consisting of Ni1Cu weathering steel is prepared by wire‐arc additive manufacturing (WAAM). Micro‐ and crystalline structures of this sample are analyzed spectro‐ and microscopically. Mechanical properties of the Ni1Cu steel (including microhardness, tensile strength, and impact resistance) are also assessed. Ni1Cu weathering steel possesses excellent forming quality and almost no defects when used for WAAM. The main features of the steel microstructure are blocks and needles, consisting of ferrite and granular bainite. The microhardness values in the transverse and longitudinal directions are uniform and equal to 169 and 177 HV0.2, respectively. Ni1Cu steel also demonstrates excellent mechanical properties with the transverse yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and impact value of Charpy impact equal to 379 MPa, 517 MPa, 35.5%, and 147 J at −20 °C, respectively. The longitudinal direction values are equal to 376 MPa, 510 MPa, 31.5%, and 130 J at −20 °C, respectively. The Ni1Cu steel corrosion potential and current are equal to −719 mV and 5.8 × 10−3 mA cm−1, respectively.
Histone demethylase JMJD1C promotes the polarization of M1 macrophages to prevent glioma by upregulating miR‐302a
Authors: Zhong Chuanhong , Tao Bei , Yang Feilong , Xia Kaiguo , Yang Xiaobo , Chen Ligang , Peng Tangming , Xia Xiangguo , Li Xianglong , Peng Lilei
Published: September 2021

Glioma is regarded as an aggressive lethal primary brain tumor. Jumonji domain containing 1C (JMJD1C) is a H3K9 demethylase which participates in the progression of various tumors, but its specific function and underlying mechanism in glioma development remain undefined, which is the purpose of our work. We initially assessed JMJD1C expression in glioma tissues and cells using the assays of RT‐qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Meanwhile, the H3K9 level at the microRNA (miR)‐302a promoter region was measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, while luciferase‐based reporter assay was performed for validation of the binding affinity between miR‐302a and methyltransferase‐like 3 (METTL3). The effect of METTL3 on suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) was subsequently analyzed by MeRIP‐RT‐qPCR. Finally, a xenograft tumor model was established in nude mice, followed by measurement of tumor‐associated macrophages using flow cytometry. JMJD1C was poorly expressed in glioma tissues. Furthermore, JMJD1C increased miR‐302a expression through promoting H3K9me1 demethylation at the miR‐302a promoter region. miR‐302a was identified to target METTL3, which could inhibit SOCS2 expression via m6A modification. JMJD1C promoted M1 macrophage polarization and suppressed the growth of glioma xenografts through the miR‐302a/METTL3/SOCS2 axis both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, JMJD1C could enhance M1 macrophage polarization to inhibit the onset of glioma, bringing a new insight into the contribution of JMJD1C to the pathobiology of glioma, with possible implications for targeted therapeutic method.
Glutathione peroxidase 4‐dependent glutathione high‐consumption drives acquired platinum chemoresistance in lung cancer‐derived brain metastasis
Authors: Liu Wenwen , Zhou Yang , Duan Wenzhe , Song Jing , Wei Song , Xia Shengkai , Wang Yingyan , Du Xiaohui , Li Encheng , Ren Caixia , Wang Wei , Zhan Qimin , Wang Qi
Published: September 2021

Background

Platinum‐based chemotherapy is effective in inducing shrinkage of primary lung cancer lesions; however, it shows finite therapeutic efficacy in patients suffering from brain metastasis (BM). The intrinsic changes of BM cells, which contribute to the poor results remain unknown.

Methods

Platinum drug‐sensitivity was assessed by utilizing a preclinical BM model of PC9 lung adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. High consumption of glutathione (GSH) and two associated upregulated proteins (GPX4 and GSTM1) in BM were identified by integrated metabolomics and proteomics in cell lines and verified by clinical serum sample. Gain‐of‐function and rescue experiments were implemented to reveal the impact and mechanism of GPX4 and GSTM1 on the chemosensitivity in BM. The interaction between GPX4 and GSTM1 was examined by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. The mechanism of upregulation of GPX4 was further uncovered by luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay.

Results

The derivative brain metastatic subpopulations (PC9‐BrMs) of parental cells PC9 developed obvious resistance to platinum. Radically altered profiles of BM metabolism and protein expression compared with primary lung cancer cells were described and GPX4 and GSTM1 were identified as being responsible for the high consumption of GSH, leading to decreased chemosensitivity by negatively regulating ferroptosis. Besides, GSTM1 was found regulated by GPX4, which was transcriptionally activated by the Wnt/NR2F2 signaling axis in BM.

Conclusions

Collectively, our findings demonstrated that Wnt/NR2F2/GPX4 promoted acquired chemoresistance by suppressing ferroptosis with high consumption of GSH. GPX4 inhibitor was found to augment the anticancer effect of platinum drugs in lung cancer BM, providing novel strategies for lung cancer patients with BM.
Connectivity of communities interacts with regional heterogeneity in driving species diversity: a mesocosm experiment
Authors: Gansfort Birgit , Uthoff Jana , Traunspurger Walter
Published: September 2021

According to metacommunity theory and previous experiments, inter‐patch dispersal rates may alter species diversity at local to regional scales. In this study, we tested the predictions of metacommunity theory regarding the effect of dispersal rates on diversity, with a focus on the impact of environmental heterogeneity. Experiments were conducted in which the dispersal frequencies of freshwater nematode communities and the heterogeneity of local environmental conditions were factorial manipulated by maintaining mesocosms under homogeneous or heterogeneous temperature regime. The effect on biodiversity of the dispersal rate, environmental heterogeneity, and the interaction thereof were evaluated using linear (mixed) models, which showed a significant interaction of the dispersal rate and environmental heterogeneity for alpha‐ and gamma‐diversity measures. Specifically, in homogeneous environments an increase in the dispersal rates led to a decline in diversity at local and regional scales. This was due to the increasing dominance ofDaptonema dubium, which was favored by a higher patch connectivity that allowed it to invade local communities. In heterogeneous environments, diversity was unaffected, suggesting that rescue and source‐sink effects did not play a role for many species, probably due to the wide temperature range. Diversity was also not impacted by high and low dispersal treatments, and the maximum change was already reached at a dispersal rate of <7% in 4 weeks. The communities were then sampled a second time to investigate the development of diversity when dispersal and thus community connectivity are suspended. After only 12 weeks of isolation, the homogenizing effect of dispersal on community disappeared. The results point to the degree of environmental heterogeneity as key factor in the metacommunity framework. They also demonstrate the need to increase experimental complexity in order to facilitate comparisons between experiments.
Feed me! China, agriculture, ecologically unequal exchange, and forest loss in a cross‐national perspective
Authors: Tasmim Samia , Sommer Jamie M. , Shandra John M.
Published: September 2021

The theory and empirical research on ecologically unequal exchange finds that core nations “externalize” their environmental impacts onto semi‐peripheral and peripheral nations. However, semi‐peripheral nations like China have been investing abroad to ensure its food security, central to its industrialization. We extend previous research on ecologically unequal exchange by arguing that China's demand for specific agricultural commodities—soybeans, cattle, and palm oil—contribute to forest loss in peripheral nations that export to it. To test this hypothesis, we analyze a sample of 82 peripheral nations with ordinary least squares regression and determine that exports of soybeans, cattle, and palm oil peripheral nations to China are related to increased forest loss in peripheral nations that export to China. Toward this end, China appears to be engaging in ecologically unequal exchange to ensure access to adequate food supply to satisfy the needs of its growing population during a period of rapid industrialization. We conclude with some theoretical, methodological, and policy recommendations that follow from the results.
Optimal hybrid framework for carbon price forecasting using time series analysis and least squares support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Wen , Wu Zhibin
Published: September 2021

In an attempt to combat global warming, many countries have been introducing carbon trading schemes, which, in turn, has led to increased research interest in carbon price forecasting as accurate predictions can provide valuable decision references for governments and investors. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimal hybrid forecasting framework to ensure accurate long‐term carbon price series predictions for which empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was used to decompose the original data and a novel optimal combination developed to predict each decomposed part, which involved the integration of autoregressive moving average‐type (ARMA‐type) models and least squares support vector machines (LSSVMs) optimized by 10‐fold cross validation and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The effectiveness of the optimal EMD‐ARMAs‐LSSVMs framework was then verified using an empirical example from the EU emissions trading system (EU ETS). The long‐term forecast results and comparisons with other forecasting methods demonstrated the stability and validity of the proposed framework. The results indicated that ARMA‐type models are more suitable for low frequency and trend components, and LSSVMs were more suitable for high frequency components. It was also found that the proposed optimal framework was able to effectively reduce the error accumulation.
J2EE architecture‐based network guidance system integration infrastructure and applications
Authors: Lei Quan , Ya‐dong Liu
Published: September 2021

The current world is in an era of the explosive growth in information and rapid renewal. This objective reality puts new demands on education reform. Educational systems and educational models must undergo major changes to meet the needs of creative talent. With the wide application of modern computer technology and network technology, the traditional education structure based on classrooms is constantly changing. In the traditional education process, it emphasizes directly instilling a large amount of knowledge to the students to obtain the quality of teaching. In the network environment, it focuses on cultivating students. Learning methods allow students to have independent knowledge acquisition and also update skills. Online teaching provides a broader and free platform and environment for students' learning. It not only provides rich and colorful teaching resources, but also broadens and breaks the time and space constraints of traditional teaching. The current main method of management of teaching resources is the component teaching resource library, which uses information technology to carry out unified maintenance and management of the teaching resources with increased benefits, and realizes rapid retrieval and convenient use of teaching resources. The numerical verifications are conducted in the final section of the research to verify the performance.
Exploring organizational learning and experimental logistics development at the global fashion retailer H&M
Authors: Sandberg Erik , Abrahamsson Mats
Published: September 2021

A logistics learning capability based on an experimental “test‐and‐learn” approach holds the key to unlock logistics operations as a major competitive weapon in the current landscape of retailing. The purpose of this study is to empirically explore the characteristics of such a logistics learning capability, and to describe the corresponding logistics development practices. The research is based on an action research approach conducted at the Swedish fashion retailer H&M. During a period of 18 months, data has been collected through observations, informal discussions and interviews, and findings have been refined in two major cycles. The case of H&M offers insights into real existing learning and development practices at a retail company that operates in a highly competitive and complex retail landscape, characterized in particular by its process towards improved omni‐channel practices. The findings elaborate the four logistics learning components of culture, structure, relationships, and speed. Furthermore, five of H&M's logistics development practices are described and defined as experimental logistics development. In contrast to traditional development processes in which analysis is followed by lengthy linear implementation and evaluation phases, these practices are characterized by an experimental, “test‐and‐learn” approach with short feedback loops and iterative development processes.
Raman spectroscopic and geochemical studies of primary and secondary minerals in Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 10720
Authors: Cao Haijun , Chen Jian , Fu Xiaohui , Xin Yanqing , Qi Xiaobin , Shi Erbin , Ling Zongcheng
Published: September 2021

Petrological and mineralogical analyses of Northwest Africa (NWA) 10720 indicate that this meteorite is one Martian nakhlite with an unbrecciated augitic igneous cumulate texture, consisting of clinopyroxene (65.4 vol.%) and olivine (19.4 vol.%) set in a fine‐grained intercumulus matrix. Texturally and compositionally, complex primary zoning in cumulus augite and the presence of oscillatory zoning in olivine phenocrysts indicate that NWA 10720 has experienced at least two‐stage magmatic activity before the eruption. The first primary parental magmas of nakhlites generated magnesian augite cores (Mg#62). A subsequent more evolved magma partly melted and resorbed augite cumulus, facilitating that olivine crystallized and augite growth resumed simultaneously and nearly at a final stage. Secondary mineral assemblages are composed of iddingsite‐like veins (~0.2 vol.%), threadlike maghemite, hematite veins, and altered pyrrhotite. Olivine alteration veins are likely to contain a higher proportion of saponite and low abundant serpentine in terms of major elements. Their compositions (Mg# = 13.5 and Fe/Si wt = 0.83) indicate that NWA 10720 appears to have encountered a weak acidic fluid (pH ~ 3.5–4.5). The lack of siderite also supports the acidic nature of the fluid. The absence of sulfates demonstrates the following: (1) The fluid permeating downwards through this nakhlite could have depleted SO42− when it reached the parental rocks; (2) the hydrothermal fluid leaching NWA 10720 parental rocks was no longer saturated in SO42− at the extremely hydrothermal system initiated by melting of buried water ice; and (3) sulfates might have been lost during terrestrial residence. These observations reveal that NWA 10720 could have experienced separate evolutionary pathways in the shallow Martian surface with extensive liquid fractionation activities, different from secondary alteration processes of the Lafayette subgroup in an open‐system environment. Various Fe‐oxide species and high abundant hematite veins demonstrate that the oxidization and dehydration might dominate late‐stage alteration once the exhaustion of parental fluid.
Does intraoperative ciprofloxacin‐soaked gelfoam have adverse effects on graft success rate? A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Faramarzi Mohammad , Kazemi Tayebeh , Shishegar Mahmoud , Zargerani Omid , Faramarzi Ali , Mohammadi Tahereh , Kooreshnia Fatemeh , Aghaei Saleh , Asadi Mohammadali , Babaei Amirhossein
Published: September 2021

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative ciprofloxacin‐soaked gelfoam is safe in tympanoplasty or not.

Method

In this randomized, double‐blind controlled clinical study, we included 100 patients between 18 and 60 years old, having perforation ≥50% of the tympanic membrane and dry ear for at least 2 months who were a candidate for underlay tympanoplasty via postauricular approach. We used ciprofloxacin soaked gelfoam in the case group and betamethasone soaked gelfoam in the control group for packing the middle ear cavity and external auditory canal during their operation. The graft success rate and tympanogram after 6 months follow‐up period was considered as the primary outcome. Also, we evaluated the postoperative hearing results 6 months after the surgery as the secondary outcomes.

Results

Postoperative microscopic otoscopy showed a graft success rate of 100% (44/44) and 97.7% (42/43) in the case and control groups, respectively. The level of improvement between the two groups was not significant for air‐bone gap (ciprofloxacin: 9.01 ± 7.89 dB, betamethasone 5.31 ± 10.53 dB, P = .160), and speech reception thresholds (SRT; ciprofloxacin: 10.23 ± 8.62 dB, betamethasone 7.33 ± 12.60 dB, P = .260). 93.2% of all the ears in the case group and 81.4% of those in the control group achieved postoperative air‐bone gap within 20 dB, but the difference between them was not significant (P = .118).

Conclusions

We found that the application of ciprofloxacin impregnated gelfoam in the middle ear, and the external auditory canal had no adverse effect on the graft success rate in tympanoplasty.

Levels of evidence

1b.
Fabricating Robust Constructs with Internal Phase Nanostructures via Liquid‐in‐Liquid 3D Printing
Authors: Honaryar Houman , LaNasa Jacob A. , Lloyd Elisabeth C. , Hickey Robert J. , Niroobakhsh Zahra
Published: September 2021

The ability to print soft materials into predefined architectures with programmable nanostructures and mechanical properties is a necessary requirement for creating synthetic biomaterials that mimic living tissues. However, the low viscosity of common materials and lack of required mechanical properties in the final product present an obstacle to the use of traditional additive manufacturing approaches. Here, a new liquid‐in‐liquid 3D printing approach is used to successfully fabricate constructs with internal nanostructures using in situ self‐assembly during the extrusion of an aqueous solution containing surfactant and photocurable polymer into a stabilizing polar oil bath. Subsequent photopolymerization preserves the nanostructures created due to surfactant self‐assembly at the immiscible liquid–liquid interface, which is confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Mechanical properties of the photopolymerized prints are shown to be tunable based on constituent components of the aqueous solution. The reported 3D printing approach expands the range of low‐viscosity materials that can be used in 3D printing, and enables robust constructs production with internal nanostructures and spatially defined features. The reported approach has broad applications in regenerative medicine by providing a platform to print self‐assembling biomaterials into complex tissue mimics where internal supramolecular structures and their functionality control biological processes, similar to natural extracellular matrices.