bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Address Family Selection for Latency-Sensitive Applications on Dual-Stack Hosts
Authors: Piraux Maxime , Bonaventure Olivier
Published: February 2025

Latency is becoming a key factor of performance for Internet applications and has triggered a number of changes in its protocols. Our work revisits the impact on latency of address family selection in dual-stack hosts. Through RIPE Atlas measurements, we analyse the address families latency difference and establish two requirements based on our findings for a latency-focused selection mechanism. First, the address family should be chosen per destination. Second, the choice should be able to evolve over time dynamically.

We propose and implement a solution formulated as an online learning problem balancing exploration and exploitation. We validate our solution in simulations based on RIPE Atlas measurements, implement and evaluate our prototype inside a DNS resolver in four access networks using Chrome and popular web services. We demonstrate the ability of our solution to converge towards the lowest-latency address family and improve the latency of transport connections used by applications.
Understanding Misunderstandings: Evaluating LLMs on Networking Questions
Authors: Anwar Mubashir , Caesar Matthew
Published: February 2025

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in tackling tasks across numerous domains. The capabilities of LLMs could potentially be applied to various computer networking tasks, including network synthesis, management, debugging, security, and education. However, LLMs can be unreliable: they are prone to reasoning errors and may hallucinate incorrect information. Their effectiveness and limitations in computer networking tasks remain unclear. In this paper, we attempt to understand the capabilities and limitations of LLMs in network applications. We evaluate misunderstandings regarding networking related concepts across 3 LLMs over 500 questions. We assess the reliability, explain-ability, and stability of LLM responses to networking questions. Furthermore, we investigate errors made, analyzing their cause, detectability, effects, and potential mitigation strategies.
The Geometry of Cylindrical Algebraic Decomposition
Authors: Chen Rizeng
Published: February 2025

The decision problem of the first order theory over the reals is a fundamental problem in symbolic computation. Because many problems emerging from other areas of science and engineering can be directly expressed by a decision problem over the reals, there are more and more interests in developing efficient algorithms for the decision problem. For example, the non-linear real arithmetic (NRA) theory in satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) is a special case of the real decision problem, where all variables are existentially quantified. And there are applications in Robotics, Biology and Economics. More and more new applications are discovered all the time. Besides, the real decision problem is related to many different branches of mathematics, such as logic, geometry, algebra and computation. Therefore, the decision problem over the reals is interesting to both the mathematics community and researchers from other science areas.
Conditions for Eigenvalue Configurations of Two Real Symmetric Matrices
Authors: Hong Hoon , Profili Daniel , Sendra J. Rafael
Published: February 2025

In this extended abstract, we describe recent progress on finding conditions for eigenvalue configurations of two real symmetric matrices. To illustrate the problem, consider a simple example. Let
F
and
G
be 2 × 2 real symmetric matrices. Since the matrices are symmetric, their eigenvalues are all real. Thus we may consider the configuration (relative locations of) of the two eigenvalues of
F
and the two eigenvalues of
G
on the real line. The problem is, given a certain configuration of those eigenvalues, to find a simple condition on the entries of
F
and
G
so that the eigenvalues satisfy the given configuration. For a more precise statement of the problem, see Section 1.
A Maple Program to Factor Multivariate Polynomials Given by Black Boxes
Authors: Chen Tian , Monagan Michael
Published: February 2025

Let
a
be a polynomial in Z[
x
1
,
x
2
,

…,x
n

]. Let
α
∈ Z

n

and
p
be a large prime. Let B be a modular black box representation for
a
, that is,
B
: Z

n

× {
p
} → Z

p

such that B(
α,p
) outputs
a
(
α
) mod
p.
In our implementation
B
is a Maple procedure. We present a Maple program CMBBSHL which on input of
B
outputs the irreducible factorization Π

r

i
=1

f

e

i

i

of
a
(
x
1
,…,

x
n

) with high probability. Our program is a combination of Maple codes and C codes where the main programs are implemented in Maple and several subroutines are implemented in C for increased efficiency. We present (1) a description of the algorithm, (2) a demonstration of the software, (3) a timing benchmark, and (4) some implementation details.
Movement Toward Dimensional Symptom Models of Comorbid Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder and Eating Disorders
Authors: Levinson Cheri A. , Kapadia Avantika , Sandoval-Araujo Luis E. , Vanzhula Irina A. , Machry Karyne
Published: February 2025

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (EDs) are highly comorbid. Despite the high comorbidity, there is little understanding of why these disorders coexist and even less research on how to best treat this co-occurrence. In this article, we review the literature on comorbid OCD-ED and discuss potential underlying shared mechanisms, including anxiety/avoidance, perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty, habit formation, disgust, shame and guilt, rumination, metacognitive beliefs, and shared biological characteristics. We then discuss prior models of OCD-ED comorbidity and shift the perspective from latent or categorical models to dimensional symptom models (e.g., network models). We describe how dimensional symptom models could advance the conceptualization, treatment, and prevention of comorbid OCD-ED. Next, we discuss how idiographic (one-person) symptom models could advance personalized treatment and provide a treatment example. Finally, we discuss future research needed to advance the field and improve treatment outcomes.
Agent-Based Modeling in Criminology
Authors: Birks Daniel , Groff Elizabeth R. , Malleson Nick
Published: February 2025

An agent-based model is a form of complex systems model that is capable of simulating how the micro-level behavior of individual system entities contributes to macro-level system outcomes. Researchers draw on theory and evidence to identify the key elements of a given system and specify behaviors of agents that simulate the individual entities of that system—be they cells, animals, or people. The model is then used to run simulations in which agents interact with one another and the resulting outcomes are observed. These models enable researchers to explore proposed causal explanations of real-world outcomes, experiment with the impacts that potential interventions might have on system behavior, or generate counterfactual scenarios against which real-world events can be compared. In this review, we discuss the application of agent-based modeling within the field of criminology as well as key challenges and future directions for research.
Black Political Mobilization and the US Carceral State: How Tracing Community Struggles for Safety Changes the Policing Narrative
Authors: Knight David J. , Weaver Vesla M.
Published: February 2025

This review integrates recent scholarship outside of criminology with primary source material from a broadened source base to trace underappreciated histories of political struggle to secure safety and address harm in Black communities. Much of the existing literature in criminology and related social science fields tends to overlook bottom-up sources and the creative safety practices and sites of safety provision that exist and, in so doing, contributes to a lopsided empirical narrative of policing in the United States. This review, however, highlights the centrality of Black-led political mobilization, formal and informal, to articulating alternate visions of safety beyond policing and building alternate structures to transform the legal system and challenge racial criminalization. Examples include community patrols, the efforts of Black police to confront violence in their own departments and stand up structures of responsiveness, and national campaigns to challenge punitive legislation and offer alternatives. Unearthing these often marginalized and misrecognized histories and sources of Black-led struggle for community safety enables an analysis of not only the forms that community-led practices and interventions can take but also the ongoing state-produced conditions—referred to in this review as safety deprivation—that give rise to them. More broadly, this review uses these histories as a lens through which to consider how empirical narratives of policing and safety are transformed when community-derived, bottom-up knowledge sources are accounted for both substantively and methodologically and offers the field a guide of available databases.
Role of Fungi in Tumorigenesis: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Guglietta Silvia , Li Xin , Saxena Deepak
Published: February 2025

The mycobiome plays a key role in the host immune responses in homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies suggest that an imbalance in the gut's fungi contributes to chronic, noninfectious diseases such as obesity, metabolic disorders, and cancers. Pathogenic fungi can colonize specific organs, and the gut mycobiome has been linked to the development and progression of various cancers, including colorectal, breast, head and neck, and pancreatic cancers. Some fungal species can promote tumorigenesis by triggering the complement system. However, in immunocompromised patients, fungi can also inhibit this activation and establish life-threatening infections. Interestingly, the interaction of the fungi and bacteria can also induce unique host immune responses. Recent breakthroughs and advancements in high-throughput sequencing of the gut and tumor mycobiomes are highlighting novel diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for cancer. We discuss the latest developments in the field of cancer and the mycobiome and the potential benefits and challenges of antifungal therapies.
Decoding the Therapeutic Target SVEP1: Harnessing Molecular Trait GWASs to Unravel Mechanisms of Human Disease
Authors: Elenbaas Jared S. , Lee Paul C. , Patel Ved , Stitziel Nathan O.
Published: February 2025

Although human genetics has substantial potential to illuminate novel disease pathways and facilitate drug development, identifying causal variants and deciphering their mechanisms remain challenging. We believe these challenges can be addressed, in part, by creatively repurposing the results of molecular trait genome-wide association studies (GWASs). In this review, we introduce techniques related to molecular GWASs and unconventionally apply them to understanding SVEP1, a human coronary artery disease risk locus. Our analyses highlight SVEP1’s causal link to cardiometabolic disease and glaucoma, as well as the surprising discovery of SVEP1 as the first known physiologic ligand for PEAR1, a critical receptor governing platelet reactivity. We further employ these techniques to dissect the interactions between SVEP1, PEAR1, and the Ang/Tie pathway, with therapeutic implications for a constellation of diseases. This review underscores the potential of molecular GWASs to guide drug discovery and unravel the complexities of human health and disease by demonstrating an integrative approach that grounds mechanistic research in human biology.
Surface Damaged by Xylotrechus arvicola Larvae on Vitis vinifera: Relationship With Resistance and Breaking Times
Authors: Rodríguez-González Álvaro , Ramírez-Lozano Daniela , Antolín-Rodríguez Andrea , Zanfaño Laura , Carro-Huerga Guzmán , Casquero Pedro A. , Guerra Marcos , Vega-Valdés Carmen , García-González Julia , Juan-Valdés Andrés
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims: The main wine‐producing areas of the Iberian Peninsula are affected by Xylotrechus arvicola, an insect pest species which causes structural and biomechanical damage in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) due to the ingestion of vascular tissues.

Methods and Results: To evaluate the mechanical properties of wood affected by X. arvicola larvae, we performed compressive and flexural tests. Damaged trunk wood samples presented a larger damaged section (DS) than that in branch wood samples. The compressive strength × DS interaction yielded significant differences, which suggest a stronger relationship between DS and loss of resistance in branches. Both loading (Time 1) and breakage (Time 2) times decreased as DS increased for branch wood samples (fresh and dry); however, significant differences were observed in Time 2, suggesting that, in branches, DS causes greater fragility. Maximum bending moment was higher in undamaged branch wood samples than that in damaged ones (dry or fresh); this demonstrates that undamaged wood fibers are less resistant than those attacked by X. arvicola larvae.

Conclusions: The grape weight and/or the vibration applied by harvesting machines in affected wood branches can produce production losses and cause serious economic losses to the wineries or owners of the affected vineyards and, therefore, could be recommended to remove annually the affected parts to avoid the accumulation of dead wood due to the ingestion of its vascular tissues at the first insects attacks.
Crosstalk Between Protein Restriction and Fasting and Its Impacts on Growth, Digestive Enzymes, Immunity, Antioxidant Activity, and Relative Genes of Whiteleg Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Jahangiri Fatemeh , Sotoudeh Ebrahim , Ghasemi Ahmad , Esmaeili Noah
Published: February 2025

Feed strategies such as compensatory growth and protein restriction have been applied to optimize growth and feed efficiency in aquatic species. The effects of protein restriction (from 1 to 4 weeks of feeding with dietary 35% protein) and 1 week of fasting on growth, body composition, hemolymph parameters, digestive enzymes, serological enzymes, immune and antioxidant system, and relative gene expressions in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) (0.30 ± 0.03 g) were investigated. Treatments were experienced in 1 out of 8 weeks of fasting but not in the Control and 35%P groups. Other groups were 7P40 (1‐week fasting), 6P40 (1‐week feeding dietary 35% protein), 5P40 (2‐week feeding with dietary 35% protein), 4P40 (3‐week feeding dietary 35% protein), and 3P40 (4‐week feeding dietary 35% protein). The results indicated that there was no difference in weight gain among Control (10.22 g), 7P40 (9.37 g), and 6P40 (9.27 g) groups. Feed efficiency in 35%P was significantly lower than in Control. The 5P40, 4P40, 3P40, and 35%P treatments had lower protein and lipid contents in the body, protease, total protein, and cholesterol compared with the Control. Immunity and antioxidant systems were suppressed by the application of fasting and protein restriction simultaneously so that acid phosphatase, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and lysozyme gene in 4P40, 3P40, and 35%P treatments were lower, and also, these groups had higher alanine aminotransferase levels than the Control. In conclusion, this study suggests that applying both protein restriction and fasting impairs the growth and health of whiteleg shrimp, and at least 6 out of 8 weeks, whiteleg shrimp should be fed with a dietary 40% protein.
A Comprehensive Review of the Biological Activities of Medicinal Metal Complexes Synthesized From Quinoline Scaffolds
Authors: Azimi Sabikeh G. , Shakour Neda , Bagherzade Ghodsieh , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Azimi Hosseinali , Moosavi F. Mehdi
Published: February 2025

The compelling attributes of quinoline scaffolds in medicinal compounds have garnered considerable attention from researchers, due to their notable biological efficacy, biocompatibility, and distinctive photophysical properties. Quinoline complexes, in particular, have emerged as significant entities, demonstrating a wide array of medicinal properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anthelmintic, anti‐HIV, antioxidant, antituberculosis, and antimalarial activities. In addition, they showed promise in photodynamic and neurological studies, along with strong DNA‐binding capabilities. In recent years (2010–2023), substantial progress has been made in understanding quinoline complexes. Key aspects such as the lipophilicity, of metal complexes, enzymatic drug degradation factors influencing inhibition, drug performance, disruption of target cell growth, and their impact on DNA have been thoroughly investigated. Researchers have employed advanced methodologies including fluorescent imaging, determination of MIC and IC50 values, hydrodynamic and spectrophotometric techniques, in silico and in vitro studies, and cytotoxicity assessments using the MTT method, to significantly enhance our understanding of these complexes. Recent findings indicated that the interaction of quinoline complexes with viral proteins and their ability to disrupt enzyme‐viral DNA relationships have made them powerful therapeutic agents for severe diseases including cancer, AIDS, and coronaviruses, as well as various neurological and microbial infections. It is anticipated that these explorations will lead to effective advancements in therapeutic strategies within modern medicine.
Iliopsoas Abscess Heralding the Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease in a Young Male
Authors: Ali Majed , Karam Karam , Dib Emanuel-Youssef , Azizi Lamia , Fiani Elias
Published: February 2025

Iliopsoas abscess (IPA) is a rare but potentially life‐threatening complication that may occur in patients with Crohn’s disease. We present the case of a 28‐year‐old male with Crohn’s disease who developed a complicated IPA. Diagnosis was confirmed via CT imaging and colonoscopy, revealing a fistulous connection to the terminal ileum. The treatment involved percutaneous drainage (PCD), antibiotics, and infliximab. Timely diagnosis, appropriate imaging, and multidisciplinary care are critical to prevent morbidity and recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease complicated by IPA. This case highlights the importance of personalized treatment strategies and close follow‐up in managing Crohn’s‐related IPA.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Atrophic–Erosive Lichen Planus: 10‐Year Rehabilitative Case Report
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Piñas Laura , Alkhraisat Mohammad H.
Published: February 2025

Patients with oral lichen planus can sometimes develop malignancy of the process and develop oral squamous cell carcinoma or another type of cancer. Close monitoring of the lesions and early diagnosis is important to increase patient survival. Once cancer treatment has been performed, the therapeutic options for restoring masticatory and phonatory function, in addition to resolving the aesthetic sequelae, are important. In the present clinical case, we show a patient who was treated and followed over a long period of time for both her carcinoma and her subsequent rehabilitation with implants.
Potential Drug Interaction Between Liraglutide and Clonazepam: A Case Report
Authors: Kheradmand Ali , Mehrvar Amir , Abbasinazari Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Aviophobia, that is, fear of flying, is a common type of anxiety disorder. Benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of anxiety. Liraglutide is a treatment for obesity or overweight in combination with weight‐related comorbidity. We present the case of a 23‐year‐old woman with overweight and aviophobia, who used clonazepam as antianxious protection when flying. When taking liraglutide shortly before clonazepam the efficacy of clonazepam seemed absent as the patient experienced a panic attack at the airport. This finding suggests that liraglutide may interfere with clonazepam and reduce its effect. Further research is needed to establish this association.
Numerical Analysis, Experimental Validation, and Application of DC Interruption With Parallel Vacuum Interrupters
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Chen Yifan , Chen Jinchao , Yu Mengze , Liu Zhiyuan , Geng Yingsan
Published: February 2025

Large‐capacity high voltage direct current circuit breakers (HVDC CBs) are critical equipment for achieving reliable operation of future multiterminal HVDC systems. The objective of this paper is to investigate the interruption characteristics of DCCB with parallel vacuum interrupters. In this paper, the proposed vacuum interrupter is modeled in detail and simulated in the PSCAD environment by taking into account the positive volt‐ampere characteristics of the vacuum arc, the current transfer characteristics, and the current sharing characteristics between parallel vacuum interrupters. Then, the vacuum interrupter model is validated by experimental results. The performance of two types of large‐capacity multimodule DCCBs is compared regarding operating reliability and actuator decentralization. Meanwhile, the current stress on the VSC branch and the DC interruption characteristics are analyzed. The comparison results show that the 6‐module DCCB with series followed by parallel structure is more suitable for high voltage and large‐capacity systems. In ±160 kV 4‐terminal flexible DC grid, two typical DC fault interruption characteristics of the 6‐module DCCB with series followed by parallel structure are simulated and analyzed. The results validate that the multimodule DCCB with series followed by parallel structure has better DC fault interruption performance in multiterminal HVDC systems.
Intelligent Internet of Medical Things for Depression: Current Advancements, Challenges, and Trends
Authors: Bin Heyat Md Belal , Adhikari Deepak , Akhtar Faijan , Parveen Saba , Zeeshan Hafiz Muhammad , Ullah Hadaate , Chen Yun-Hsuan , Wang Lu , Sawan Mohamad
Published: February 2025

We investigated the fusion of the Intelligent Internet of Medical Things (IIoMT) with depression management, aiming to autonomously identify, monitor, and offer accurate advice without direct professional intervention. Addressing pivotal questions regarding IIoMT’s role in depression identification, its correlation with stress and anxiety, the impact of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) on depressive disorders, and the challenges and potential prospects of integrating depression management with IIoMT, this research offers significant contributions. It integrates artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) paradigms to expand depression studies, highlighting data science modeling’s practical application for intelligent service delivery in real‐world settings, emphasizing the benefits of data science within IoT. Furthermore, it outlines an IIoMT architecture for gathering, analyzing, and preempting depressive disorders, employing advanced analytics to enhance application intelligence. The study also identifies current challenges, future research trajectories, and potential solutions within this domain, contributing to the scientific understanding and application of IIoMT in depression management. It evaluates 168 closely related articles from various databases, including Web of Science (WoS) and Google Scholar, after the rejection of repeated articles and books. The research shows that there is 48% growth in research articles, mainly focusing on symptoms, detection, and classification. Similarly, most research is being conducted in the United States of America, and the trend is increasing in other countries around the globe. These results suggest the essence of automated detection, monitoring, and suggestions for handling depression.
Extraction and Applications of Oakmoss Absolute Extract as a Functional Ingredient in Alginate‐Guar Gum Composite Films for Food Packaging
Authors: Bhatia Saurabh , Alhadhrami Aysha Salim , Shah Yasir Abbas , Jawad Muhammad , Koca Esra , Aydemir Levent Yurdaer , Alam Tanveer , Al-Harrasi Ahmed , Anwer Md. Khalid , Mohan Syam , Najmi Asim , Khalid Asaad
Published: February 2025

Oakmoss absolute extract (OME) is a potential source for active antimicrobial and antioxidant components that can be used to develop an active packaging material. Active films were developed by impregnation of OME in sodium alginate (SA) and guar gum (GG)‐based films. The effects of 0.5%–1.5% OME (w/v) over the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of SA‐GG films were assessed. The mechanical properties (TS, EAB), water permeability, thickness, and opacity increased; however, moisture content decreased with the increase in the concentration of OME. SEM analysis represents that incorporation of OME resulted into heterogenous structure with pores and cracks. FTIR analysis showed that the addition of OME into SA‐GG triggered interactions between SA‐GG and OME. The color attributes of SA‐GG films were significantly affected by the incorporation of OME. The XRD analysis revealed that the amorphous nature of the film remained unchanged after impregnation with OME. The films loaded with OME demonstrated higher antioxidant activity (measured by DPPH as well as ABTS radical scavenging) than control film. Thus, the addition of OME into SA‐GG film was a valuable approach to synthesize active, bio‐functional, and eco‐friendly packing for the food industry.
Enhanced Catalytic Activity and Reusability of Porous Niobium Oxide for Esterification of Acetic Acid With Butanol
Authors: Viswanadham Balaga , Pedada Jhansi , Mameda Naresh , Putrakumar Balla
Published: February 2025

Through this study, porous niobium (V) oxide catalysts for esterification of acetic acid with butanol to make butyl acetate are made and characterized. The catalysts were synthesized using a sol‐gel method and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, and TPD acidity measurements. The XRD results confirmed the hexagonal structure of both fresh and regenerated catalysts, and the low‐angle XRD analysis revealed the material’s porous nature. Raman spectroscopy showed the characteristic Nb‐O‐Nb stretching band at 698 cm−1, which was retained even at higher calcination temperatures. The catalytic performance was evaluated under various conditions, including different reactant mole ratios, catalyst amounts, and reaction temperatures. The optimal conditions were 1:2 mol ratio of acetic acid to butanol, 0.1 g of catalyst, and a reaction temperature of 120°C, achieving a maximum ester yield of 89%. The catalyst’s performance was superior to that of Al2O3, ZrO2, and bulk Nb2O5, highlighting the importance of the porous structure in providing a more significant number of active sites. Recyclability tests demonstrated that the catalyst maintains stable activity over five cycles, with only a slight decrease in yield. This stability is attributed to the retention of the porous structure and the high number of acidic sites at the optimal calcination temperature of 300°C.
Interactions Between Ploidy and Resource Availability Shape Clonal Evolution in Glioblastoma
Authors: Nowicka Zuzanna , Rentzeperis Frederika , Tagal Vural , Teer Jamie K. , Ilter Didem , Beck Richard J. , Cole Jackson P. , Forero Pinto Ana M. , Tejero Joanne D. , Scanu Elisa , Veith Thomas , Dominguez-Viqueira William , Maksin Konstantin , Carrillo-Perez Francisco M. , Gevaert Olivier , Xu Xiaonan , Karreth Florian A. , Abdalah Mahmoud A. , Fiandaca Giada , Pasetto Stefano , Prabhakaran Sandhya , Schultz Andrew , Ojwang’ Awino Maureiq E. , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S. , Farinhas Joaquim M. , Gomes Ana P. , Katira Parag , Andor Noemi
Published: February 2025

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor. The infiltrative nature of GBM makes complete surgical resection impossible. The selective forces that govern gliomagenesis are strong, shaping the composition of tumor cells during the initial progression to malignancy with late consequences for invasiveness and therapy response. Here, we developed a mathematical model that incorporates ploidy level and the nature of the brain tissue microenvironment to simulate the growth and invasion of GBM and used the model to make inferences about GBM initiation and response to standard-of-care treatment. The spatial distribution of resource access in the brain was approximated through integration of in silico modeling, multi-omics data, and image analysis of primary and recurrent GBM. The in silico results suggested that high ploidy cells transition faster from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis than low ploidy cells because they are more sensitive to hypoxia. Between surgeries, simulated tumors with different ploidy compositions progressed at different rates; however, whether higher ploidy predicted fast recurrence was a function of the brain microenvironment. Historical data supported the dependence on available resources in the brain, as shown by a significant correlation between the median oxygen levels in human tissues and the median ploidy of cancers that arise in the respective tissues. Taken together, these findings suggest that availability of metabolic substrates in the brain drives different cell fate decisions for cells with different ploidy, thereby modulating both gliomagenesis and GBM recurrence.
Figure 1 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Kaplan–Meier curves for TFS according to sex (A), initial tumor size in mm (B), tumor locations (C), and CTNNB1 mutation types (D). WT, wild-type.
Supplementary Table 1 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Table 1. Distribution of mutation and median size according to anatomical site.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 5. Crude cumulative incidence curves for RECIST regression as any event according to sex (A), initial tumour size in mm (B), tumour locations (C), CTNNB1 mutation types (D).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Active Surveillance in Patients with Extra-abdominal Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Observational Studies
Authors: Colombo Chiara , Hakkesteegt Stefanie , Le Cesne Axel , Barretta Francesco , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Penel Nicolas , Lam Laurent , Fiore Marco , Palassini Elena , Grignani Giovanni , Tolomeo Francesco , Collini Paola , Merlini Alessandra , Perrone Federica , Stacchiotti Silvia , Verhoef Cornelis , Bonvalot Sylvie , Gronchi Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Supplementary Figure 1. CONSORT diagram of included patients.
Data from A Recurrent Activating Missense Mutation in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia Affects the DNA Binding of the ETS Transcription Factor SPI1 and Enhances Proliferation
Authors: Roos-Weil Damien , Decaudin Camille , Armand Marine , Della-Valle Véronique , Diop M'boyba K. , Ghamlouch Hussein , Ropars Virginie , Hérate Cécile , Lara Diane , Durot Eric , Haddad Rima , Mylonas Elena , Damm Frederik , Pflumio Francoise , Stoilova Bilyana , Metzner Marlen , Elemento Olivier , Dessen Philippe , Camara-Clayette Valérie , Cosset François-Loïc , Verhoeyen Els , Leblond Véronique , Ribrag Vincent , Cornillet-Lefebvre Pascale , Rameau Philippe , Azar Nabih , Charlotte Frédéric , Morel Pierre , Charbonnier Jean-Baptiste , Vyas Paresh , Mercher Thomas , Aoufouchi Said , Droin Nathalie , Guillouf Christel , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Bernard Olivier A.
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ETS-domain transcription factors divide into subfamilies based on protein similarities, DNA-binding sequences, and interaction with cofactors. They are regulated by extracellular clues and contribute to cellular processes, including proliferation and transformation. ETS genes are targeted through genomic rearrangements in oncogenesis. The PU.1/SPI1 gene is inactivated by point mutations in human myeloid malignancies. We identified a recurrent somatic mutation (Q226E) in PU.1/SPI1 in Waldenström macroglobulinemia, a B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. It affects the DNA-binding affinity of the protein and allows the mutant protein to more frequently bind and activate promoter regions with respect to wild-type protein. Mutant SPI1 binding at promoters activates gene sets typically promoted by other ETS factors, resulting in enhanced proliferation and decreased terminal B-cell differentiation in model cell lines and primary samples. In summary, we describe oncogenic subversion of transcription factor function through subtle alteration of DNA binding leading to cellular proliferation and differentiation arrest.
Significance:
The demonstration that a somatic point mutation tips the balance of genome-binding pattern provides a mechanistic paradigm for how missense mutations in transcription factor genes may be oncogenic in human tumors.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 681
Functional profiling of p53 and RB cell cycle regulatory proficiency suggests mechanism-driven molecular stratification in endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Yang Zelei , Mogre Saie , Jun Hyeji , He Ruiyang , Ghosh Chaudhary Sneha , Bhattarai Upendra Raj. , Ho Sui Shannan J. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Lazo Suzan , Shetty Aniket , Cameron Amy , Nguyen Quang-De , Hill Sarah J.
Published: February 2025

In the United States, Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most frequently occurring gynecologic cancer. Many ECs harbor mutations in cell cycle regulatory genes including TP53 and RB1, amongst others. RB and p53 both regulate the G1/S transition while p53 also regulates the G2/M transition and mitotic progression, all of which rely on targetable regulatory kinases. It is likely that many ECs harbor targetable defects in some aspect of cell cycle regulation, but there has been no profiling of p53- or RB- linked cell cycle functional capacity and corresponding therapeutic vulnerabilities in EC cells. Here, we utilize functional and transcriptomic assays on a panel of EC cell lines and patient-derived organoids to characterize the p53 and RB cell cycle regulatory proficiency and linked therapeutic vulnerabilities in EC. We show that TP53 genomic and functional status has poor predictive capacity for EC therapeutic response. Rather, proper RB regulation correlates with response to G1/S targeting CDK4/6 inhibitors, and dysfunction in regulation of mitotic progression correlates with response to Aurora kinase B inhibitors. A subset of TP53 mutant ECs are RB1 wild type, express RB protein, have intact RB regulation, and are sensitive to CDK4/6 inhibitors, suggesting that excluding patients from emerging CDK4/6 inhibitor trials based on aggressive histology or TP53 status should be reconsidered. These findings were validated in vivo in xenograft models. These results can expand current EC molecular stratification to include mechanism-driven subtypes and suggest clinical trials of novel targeted therapies based on biologic understanding for advanced or recurrent EC patients.
Comparison of the C-REX LapAid and circular stapled colorectal anastomoses in an experimental model
Authors: Vilhjalmsson Dadi Thor , Grönberg Anders , Syk Ingvar , Thorlacius Henrik Tobias
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The rate of colorectal anastomotic leakage has remained unchanged for the last decades. The limitations of current anastomotic methods have generated an interest in alternative anastomotic techniques, such as compression anastomosis. The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate early mechanical strength in left colonic anastomoses comparing C-REX LapAid and circular stapled anastomotic methods.

Methods: A total of 48 pigs underwent open sigmoid resection with end-to-end colorectal anastomoses 15 cm above the anal verge. Twenty-one anastomoses were constructed with traditional circular staplers and twenty-seven with the C-REX LapAid device. Bursting pressure was measured at different time intervals postoperatively through an attached anal plug while the upper limit of the bowel segment was closed with a bowel clamp. Early histological changes were assessed 6-24 hours after the anastomotic formation with vascular CD31 and collagen Masson Trichrom staining.

Results: All animals recovered uneventfully after the surgical procedure. The circular stapled anastomoses exhibited a median bursting pressure of 36 mbar (28-64) at 1h, 45 mbar (43-69) at 6h, and 145 mbar (85-185) 12h after surgery.
In comparison, the C-REX LapAid anastomoses demonstrated a median bursting pressure of 195 mbar (180-240) at 1h, 192 mbar (180-220) at 6h, and 180 mbar (160-180) 12h after surgery, representing a 2 to 5-fold higher median bursting pressure in the early anastomotic healing phase. Early microscopic architecture showed little evidence of vascular and collagen formation.

Conclusion: The novel C-REX LapAid device demonstrated significant higher bursting pressure values in the early phase of the anastomotic healing process compared to the circular stapled method. A clinical study to further verify the benefits of C-REX LapAid is warranted.
Inflammatory factors and immune cells in relation to multiple myeloma
Authors: Huang Meng-jun , Zeng Qing-yi , Chen Dan , Yang Chun-Xia , Yang Ying , Zhou Man , Zhang Fen-Li , Bian Qiu-Han , Yang Xiao-Yan
Published: February 2025

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Introduction: Many reports indicate that the occurrence of multiple myeloma (MM) is closely related to inflammation and immunity. Although the survival rates have been gradually improving in recent years, the cure rate is still not optimistic enough. Therefore, it is necessary to continue exploring the causes of MM.
Method: This study utilizes Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to establish the connection between inflammatory factors, immune cells, and the occurrence of MM.
Results: In Mendelian randomization studies, a significant correlation was observed between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), Memory B cell percentage of B cells (Memory B cell %B cells), and Immunoglobulin D positive, CD24 negative percentage B cells (IgD+ CD24- %B cells) with the onset of MM. In particular, IgD+CD24-%B cells showed a statistically significant inverse relationship with the development of MM (P<0.05, OR<1), whereas IL-1Ra, TNFR1, and Memory B cell %B cells displayed a positive association with the onset of MM (P<0.05, OR>1). These findings contribute valuable insights to the understanding of the pathogenesis of MM.
Conclusion：This study emphasizes the significant role of inflammatory factors and immune cells in multiple myeloma (MM) progression. IL-1Ra, TNFR1, and Memory B cell percentages are identified as risk factors, while IgD+ CD24- %B cells may protect against progression, suggesting new immunomodulatory treatment strategies. However, research on IgD+ CD24- %B cells and MM is limited, necessitating future studies to clarify their mechanisms and effects on the tumor microenvironment. There is also an urgent need for clinical trials to assess therapies targeting these cells, as well as long-term follow-ups to understand their dynamic changes in relation to disease progression. Further investigation using animal models is warranted to validate their functional role in MM development.
The value of diffusion kurtosis imaging to assess liver and kidney recovery after mesenchymal stem cell intervention in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats
Authors: Qin Jiaming , Xie Shuangshuang , Yu Yongquan , Zhang Cheng , Zhao Yumeng , Tong Dan , Hu Zhandong , Zhu Jinxia , Shen Wen
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate the potential of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in monitoring the improvement of liver and kidney injury in cirrhotic rats after bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) treatment.

Methods: Thirty rats were induced with liver cirrhosis via subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride. Six rats were randomly selected for DKI scanning and subsequently euthanized for biochemical and histological analysis. The remaining 24 rats were randomly divided into a BMSC group (n=12) and control group (n=12). In the BMSC group, six rats underwent dynamic DKI scans and were sacrificed after 13, 14, 15, and 16 weeks, while the other 6 rats were sacrificed after being scanned in the 14th week. The control group followed the same protocol as the BMSC group. Additionally, six normal rats were euthanized after undergoing DKI scanning to provide baseline data. Liver and kidney DKI parameters, biochemical markers, liver fibers, kidney hematoxylin-eosin (HE) score, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were analyzed.

Results: Compared to baseline, there was a significant increase in liver fibers and kidney HE scores by week 12. At weeks 13, 14, 15,and 16, the mean kurtosis (MK) of the liver in the BMSC group was significantly lower than that at week 12 and in the control group. At week 16, the mean diffusion (MD) in the BMSC group was significantly higher than that at week 12 and in the control group. The apparent diffusivity coefficient (ADC) values in the BMSC group were higher than those at week 12 and in the control group at weeks 13, 14, and 16. All regions of kidney showed decreased MK values from weeks 14 to 16 compared to week 12 and the control group. Liver fiber was moderately or highly correlated with all DKI parameters. MK and ADC of the renal cortex (CO) and outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) showed moderate correlation with HE scores and α-SMA.
Conclusion: DKI can serve as a non-invasive means to effectively monitor the process of liver and kidney injury improvement in cirrhotic rats treated with BMSCs.
Field efficacy of different insecticides against jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) in brinjal at Gauradaha, Jhapa, Nepal
Authors: Tamang Asmita , Chaudhary Pratima , Acharya Manju , Pokharel Mikun , Soti Ankit
Published: February 2025

Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) is regarded as the most harmful sap-sucking pest affecting the brinjal crop. This research evaluated the efficacy of insecticides against Jassid in seasonal brinjal in open fields at Gauradaha, Jhapa, Nepal, from January to April 2023. We selected a registered hybrid variety and designed the experiment with seven treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments were: T1: Emamectin benzoate 5% WDG-0.625 g/plot, T2: Spinosad 45% SC-0.5 ml/plot, T3: Neem oil 5000 ppm-8 ml/plot, T4: Fipronil 0.3% GR-40 g/plot, T5: Beauveria bassiana-1.3 g/plot, T6: Imidacloprid 70% WG-0.14 g/plot, and T7: Untreated or Control (water spray)-2 l/plot. Treatments were applied 3 times using a foliar spray method. Data regarding the Jassid population before spraying insecticides and after the 2nd, 4th, and 6th days of spraying were recorded. Data were collected, log10 transformed, and analyzed using ANOVA in GenStat (15th edition), with mean separation by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results show that Imidacloprid was the most effective against Jassid, with mean mortality of 82.04%, 40.35%, and 42.13% followed by Fipronil with 33.12%, 12.56%, and 17.86%. The highest yield (14.32 Mt/ha) was recorded from Imidacloprid 70% WG followed by Beauveria bassiana (13.82 Mt/ha). Regarding the B: C ratio, Imidacloprid 70% WG was the superior treatment with the highest value (2.5) followed by Fipronil 0.3% GR (2.1). The highest length (20.48 cm) and diameter (4.5 cm) were observed in Imidacloprid and Fipronil, while the lowest was recorded in Emamectin benzoate (12.14 cm) and Control (3.6 cm), respectively. These findings demonstrate that Imidacloprid significantly reduces Jassid populations and enhances brinjal productivity and economic returns, making it a superior choice for pest management in brinjal cultivation in Jhapa, Nepal.
AI and Care for Other(ed) Animals: Art, machine learning, and interspecies futures
Authors: Krauth Alinta
Published: February 2025

This article asks what might be achieved by entangling care for other species with AI model creation in order to attend to ethical concerns surrounding the technological trajectory of animal-human-AI interactions. It argues that before we can teach AI to have caring intentions, we need to teach ourselves radical acts of caregiving. Through a practice-based approach, I deliver a call to action for developing a methodological framework for technological development by using a case study involving animal rehabilitation volunteering. This is exemplified in the The (m)Otherhood of Meep artwork, whose creative process aims to ignite conversations regarding care-full machine learning.
The Shape of “Computime”: How Silicon Valley Time is Becoming Everyone’s Time
Authors: Walker Kevin , Schmid Helga
Published: February 2025

This article presents findings from ethnographic fieldwork in Silicon Valley investigating how computers utilize time and how human engineers and designers use and understand time. We found common themes across computational and human uses of time, including the quantification and calculation of time as a finite resource; the imbalance of clock time versus “event time” and linear versus cyclical time; the perception and reality of the acceleration and fragmentation of time; and an approach to programmability, which is applied to time, people, and the world as a whole. We show how these cultural assumptions become embedded into digital devices.
Erodium hakangurii (Geraniaceae), a new species from inner Anatolia (Turkey)
Authors: ÖZÜDOĞRU BARIŞ , ÖZGİŞİ KURTULUŞ
Published: February 2025

Erodium hakanguriii, from the Altınyayla district of Sivas Province in the eastern part of inner Anatolia (Turkey) is described as a new species based on morphological evidence. It resembles E. sibthorpianum from the calcareous areas of north-west Anatolia, but can be distinguished by several morphological characteristics including longer stems, leaf blades, beak of fruits, and the number of peduncles in each stem. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, a revised key to the Absinthoides species group in Turkey, as well as pollen and seed micrographs are provided. Furthermore, the IUCN Red List category of the new species is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) due to its limited distribution and agricultural pressure.