bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible cue anchoring strategies enable stable head direction coding in both sighted and blind animals
Authors: Asumbisa Kadjita , Peyrache Adrien , Trenholm Stuart
Published: September 2022

Vision plays a crucial role in instructing the brain’s spatial navigation systems. However, little is known about how vision loss affects the neuronal encoding of spatial information. Here, recording from head direction (HD) cells in the anterior dorsal nucleus of the thalamus in mice, we find stable and robust HD tuning in rd1 mice, a model of photoreceptor degeneration, that go blind by approximately one month of age. In contrast, placing sighted animals in darkness significantly impairs HD cell tuning. We find that blind mice use olfactory cues to maintain stable HD tuning and that prior visual experience leads to refined HD cell tuning in blind rd1 adult mice compared to congenitally blind animals. Finally, in the absence of both visual and olfactory cues, the HD attractor network remains intact but the preferred firing direction of HD cells drifts over time. These findings demonstrate flexibility in how the brain uses diverse sensory information to generate a stable directional representation of space.
Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein released by intracellular Staphylococcus aureus suppresses host immunity by targeting TRAF3
Authors: Zhang Xiaokai , Xiong Tingrong , Gao Lin , Wang Yu , Liu Luxuan , Tian Tian , Shi Yun , Zhang Jinyong , Zhao Zhuo , Lu Dongshui , Luo Ping , Zhang Weijun , Cheng Ping , Jing Haiming , Gou Qiang , Zeng Hao , Yan Dapeng , Zou Quanming
Published: September 2022

Many pathogens secrete effectors to hijack intracellular signaling regulators in host immune cells to promote pathogenesis. However, the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus secretory effectors within host cells is unclear. Here, we report that Staphylococcus aureus secretes extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) into the cytoplasm of macrophages to suppress host immunity. Mechanistically, RING finger protein 114, a host E3 ligase, mediates K27-linked ubiquitination of Efb at lysine 71, which facilitates the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF) 3. The binding of Efb to TRAF3 disrupts the formation of the TRAF3/TRAF2/cIAP1 (cellular-inhibitor-of-apoptosis-1) complex, which mediates K48-ubiquitination of TRAF3 to promote degradation, resulting in suppression of the inflammatory signaling cascade. Additionally, the Efb K71R mutant loses the ability to inhibit inflammation and exhibits decreased pathogenicity. Therefore, our findings identify an unrecognized mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus to suppress host defense, which may be a promising target for developing effective anti-Staphylococcus aureus immunomodulators.
Machine learning-based tsunami inundation prediction derived from offshore observations
Authors: Mulia Iyan E. , Ueda Naonori , Miyoshi Takemasa , Gusman Aditya Riadi , Satake Kenji
Published: September 2022

The world’s largest and densest tsunami observing system gives us the leverage to develop a method for a real-time tsunami inundation prediction based on machine learning. Our method utilizes 150 offshore stations encompassing the Japan Trench to simultaneously predict tsunami inundation at seven coastal cities stretching ~100 km along the southern Sanriku coast. We trained the model using 3093 hypothetical tsunami scenarios from the megathrust (Mw 8.0–9.1) and nearby outer-rise (Mw 7.0–8.7) earthquakes. Then, the model was tested against 480 unseen scenarios and three near-field historical tsunami events. The proposed machine learning-based model can achieve comparable accuracy to the physics-based model with ~99% computational cost reduction, thus facilitates a rapid prediction and an efficient uncertainty quantification. Additionally, the direct use of offshore observations can increase the forecast lead time and eliminate the uncertainties typically associated with a tsunami source estimate required by the conventional modeling approach.
Suicide versus homicide firearm injury patterns on trauma systems in a study of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB)
Authors: Foote Christopher W. , Doan Xuan-Lan , Vanier Cheryl , Cruz Bianca , Sarani Babak , Palacio Carlos H.
Published: September 2022

Firearm related mortality in the USA surpassed all other developed countries. This study hypothesizes that injury patterns, weapon type, and mortality differ between suicide groups as opposed to homicide. The American College of Surgeons National Trauma Database was queried from January 2017 to December 2019. All firearm related injuries were included, and weapon type was abstracted. Differences between homicide and suicide groups by sex, age, race, and injury severity were compared using a Mann–Whitney test for numerical data and Fisher’s exact test for categorical data. The association between weapon type and mortality relative to suicide as opposed to homicide was assessed in Fisher’s exact tests. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. There were 100,031 homicide and 11,714 suicide subjects that met inclusion criteria. Homicides were mostly assault victims (97.6%), male (88%), African–American (62%), had less severe injury (mean (ISS) 12.07) and a median age of 20 years old (IQR: 14, 30, p < 0.01). Suicides were mostly male (83%), white (79%), had more severe injury (mean ISS 20.73), and a median age of 36 years old (IQR: 19, 54, p < 0.01). Suicide group had higher odds of head/neck (OR = 13.6) or face (OR = 5.7) injuries, with lower odds of injury to chest (OR = 0.55), abdominal or pelvic contents (OR = 0.25), extremities or pelvic girdle (OR = 0.15), or superficial soft tissue (OR = 0.32). Mortality rate was higher for suicide group (44.8%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 43.9%, 45.7%) compared to the homicide group (11.5%; 95% CI 11.3%, 11.7%). Suicide had higher mortality, more severe injuries, and more head/neck/facial injuries than homicide. Majority of suicides were with handguns.
Comparison of high-pressure, freeze-thaw cycles and germination-parboiling treatments on lipids digestibility and rancidity of brown rice
Authors: Wang Hao , Wang Qiang , Zhu Jiahong , Hu Guixian
Published: September 2022

Brown rice (BR) contains more lipids, as compared with white rice, but its indigestibility and rancidity limit the consumer acceptability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effect of high-pressure (HP), freeze–thaw cycles (FTC) and germination-parboiling (GP) treatments on lipid in vitro digestibility and rancidity of BR. GP treated BR released the most fatty acids (especially palmitic acid and stearic acid) after in vitro digestion, followed by FTC treated BR. FTC treated BR kept the highest value of fat acidity during storage, while opposite results were observed in GP treated BR. Although HP treatment increased fat acidity value immediately, it slowed down the increase of fat acidity with storage. The results of conjugated dienes and malonaldehydes content in BR stored under accelerated conditions indicated better lipid oxidation stability after HP and GP treatment, and that it’s necessary for FTC treated BR products to be stored under anaerobic conditions.
Homoharringtonine demonstrates a cytotoxic effect against triple-negative breast cancer cell lines and acts synergistically with paclitaxel
Authors: Plett Riley , Mellor Paul , Kendall Stephanie , Hammond S. Austin , Boulet Aren , Plaza Kristine , Vizeacoumar Frederick S. , Vizeacoumar Franco J. , Anderson Deborah H.
Published: September 2022

The lack of targeted therapies for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) contributes to their high mortality rates and high risk of relapse compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. Most TNBCs (75%) have downregulated the expression of CREB3L1 (cAMP-responsive element binding protein 3 like 1), a transcription factor and metastasis suppressor that represses genes that promote cancer progression and metastasis. In this report, we screened an FDA-approved drug library and identified four drugs that were highly cytotoxic towards HCC1806 CREB3L1-deficient TNBC cells. These four drugs were: (1) palbociclib isethionate, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, (2) lanatocide C (also named isolanid), a Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor, (3) cladribine, a nucleoside analog, and (4) homoharringtonine (also named omacetaxine mepesuccinate), a protein translation inhibitor. Homoharringtonine consistently showed the most cytotoxicity towards an additional six TNBC cell lines (BT549, HCC1395, HCC38, Hs578T, MDA-MB-157, MDA-MB-436), and several luminal A breast cancer cell lines (HCC1428, MCF7, T47D, ZR-75-1). All four drugs were then separately evaluated for possible synergy with the chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin (an anthracycline) and paclitaxel (a microtubule stabilizing agent). A strong synergy was observed using the combination of homoharringtonine and paclitaxel, with high cytotoxicity towards TNBC cells at lower concentrations than when each was used separately.
Topic selectivity and adaptivity promote spreading of short messages
Authors: Bojarski Patryk A. , Suchecki Krzysztof , Hołyst Janusz A.
Published: September 2022

Why is the Twitter, with its extremely length-limited messages so popular ? Our work shows that short messages focused on a single topic may have an inherent advantage in spreading through social networks, which may explain the popularity of a service featuring only short messages. We introduce a new explanatory model for information propagation through social networks that includes selectivity of message consumption depending on their content, competition for user’s attention between messages and message content adaptivity through user-introduced changes. Our agent-based simulations indicate that the model displays inherent power-law distribution of number of shares for different messages and that the popular messages are very short. The adaptivity of messages increases the popularity of already popular messages, provided the users are neither too selective nor too accommodating. The distribution of message variants popularity also follows a power-law found in real information cascades. The observed behavior is robust against model parameter changes and differences of network topology.
Boosting algorithm improves the accuracy of juvenile forensic dental age estimation in southern China population
Authors: Shan Weijie , Sun Yunshu , Hu Leyan , Qiu Jie , Huo Miao , Zhang Zikang , Lei Yuting , Chen Qianling , Zhang Yan , Yue Xia
Published: September 2022

Age estimation based on the mineralized morphology of teeth is one of the important elements of forensic anthropology. To explore the most suitable age estimation protocol for adolescents in the South China population, 1477 panoramic radiograph images of people aged 2–18 years in the South were collected and staged by the Demirjian mineralization staging method. The dental ages were estimated using the parameters of the Demirjian and Willems. Mathematical optimization and machine learning optimization were also performed in the data processing process in an attempt to obtain a more accurate model. The results show that the Willems method was more accurate in the dental age estimation of the southern China population and the model can be further optimized by reassigning the model through a nonintercept regression method. The machine learning model presented excellent results in terms of the efficacy comparison results with the traditional mathematical model, and the machine learning model under the boosting framework, such as gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), significantly reduced the error in dental age estimation compared to the traditional mathematical method. This machine learning processing method based on traditional estimation data can effectively reduce the error of dental age estimation while saving arithmetic power. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the GBDT algorithm in optimizing forensic age estimation models and provides a reference for other regions to use this parameter for age estimation model establishment, and the lightweight nature of machine learning offers the possibility of widespread forensic anthropological age estimation.
Dy(iii)-coordination imprinted self-assembly microspheres based on a silica core for highly sensitive and selective detection of two carbamate pesticides
Authors: Long Zerong , Shen Shilin , Yuan Hui
Published: September 2022

Dy(iii)-coordination self-assembly around a silica core during a surface-imprinting procedure is first reported, and it showed strong fluorescence emission, specific recognition, and accurate quantification for two trace carbamate pesticides.
Interactions of limonene and carvone on titanium dioxide surfaces
Authors: Fan Hanyu , Frank Elianna S. , Tobias Douglas J. , Grassian Vicki H.
Published: September 2022

Limonene, a monoterpene, found in cleaning products and air fresheners, and carvone, one of its oxidation products, interact with titanium dioxide surfaces found in indoor environments.
A tale of two conformers: spectroscopic evidence for halide catalysed formic acid isomerisation
Authors: Haakansson Christian T. , Corkish Timothy R. , Watson Peter D. , Robinson Hayden T. , Brookes James R. , Adam Hannah C. , McKinley Allan J. , Wild Duncan A.
Published: September 2022

Halide anions are experimentally and theoretically shown to preferentially stabilise the higher energy formic acid conformer. Moreover, halide anions appear to lower the isomerisation barrier associated with conformer interconversion.
Enantiocomplementary synthesis of vicinal fluoro alcohols through photo-bio cascade reactions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Liu Huizhong , Shi Qingshan , Chen Xiaoyang , Xie Xiaobao
Published: September 2022

A photo-bio cascade strategy was explored to synthesize enantiocomplementary vicinal fluoro alcohols from styrenes, with high efficiency and stereoselectivity.
Green catalytic synthesis of symmetric and non-symmetric β-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles by using epichlorohydrin in the presence of Cu(ii) coordination compounds containing oxazole ligands
Authors: Ajormal Fatemeh , Bikas Rahman , Noshiranzadeh Nader , Kozakiewicz-Piekarz Anna , Lis Tadeusz
Published: September 2022

Symmetric and non-symmetric 1,2,3-triazoles have been synthesized by a cycloaddition reaction in the presence of new Cu(ii) coordination compounds of bis-oxazole ligands.
Revealing the pH-dependent mechanism of nitrate electrochemical reduction to ammonia on single-atom catalysts
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Xu Haoxiang , Chang Le , Lin Aijun , Cheng Daojian
Published: September 2022

Nitrate electrochemical reduction to ammonia (NO3RR) catalyzed by single-atom catalysts (SACs) is an attractive and efficient way of solving the problem of nitrate pollution in water and obtaining valuable product ammonia through low temperature synthesis.
Printing nanoparticle-based isotropic/anisotropic networks for directional electrical circuits
Authors: Chen Sisi , Pan Qi , Wu Tingqing , Xie Hongfei , Xue Tangyue , Su Meng , Song Yanlin
Published: September 2022

An efficient prototype for manufacturing the isotropic/anisotropic circuits is demonstrated through the template-assisted printing strategy, which achieves a remarkable on/off ratio over 1011.
Cationic metal–organic framework derived ruthenium–copper nano-alloys in porous carbon to catalytically boost the cycle life of Li–CO2batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Wu Ziyuan , Tang Yiyang , Fan Xi , Zhang Jindan , Chen Yilong , Xiang Shengchang , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: September 2022

A Ru–Cu nanoalloy decorated N-doped porous carbon could be prepared based on cationic MOFs. The uniform distribution of nanoalloys in porous carbon results in an abundant accessible catalytic surface for rapid formation and decomposition of Li2CO3.
Interfacial Bi–S bonds modulate band alignment for efficient solar water oxidation
Authors: Xu Weiwei , Fan Ningbo , Xu Shiji , Meng Linxing , Xu Bin , Zhou Min , Tian Wei , Li Liang
Published: September 2022

Interfacial Bi–S bonds form atomic-scale charge-flow highways to speed up the charge flow, promote the bulk carrier separation, and enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of CIS/BWO photoanodesviaforming Z-scheme heterojunctions.
Coupling novel Li7TaO6 surface buffering with bulk Ta-doping to achieve long-life sulfide-based all-solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Shi Jie , Ma Zhihui , Han Kun , Wan Qi , Wu Di , Qu Xuanhui , Li Ping
Published: September 2022

A coupling design of novel Li7TaO6 surface buffer coating with bulk Ta-doping for the NCM811 cathode with controllable surface thickness is successfully synthesized by a simple and scalable method, demonstrating excellent long-life performance in sulfide-based ASSLBs.
Rhodamine 6G and phloxine B as photosensitizers for inkjet-printed indium oxide phototransistors
Authors: Gillan Liam , Liu Fei , Aikio Sanna , Leppäniemi Jaakko
Published: September 2022

An inkjet-printed rhodamine 6G/InOx photosensitizing interlayer for In2O3 thin-film phototransistors enables photosensitivity of 4.1 × 105 and responsivity of 250 A W−1.
Computational simulation and phenomenological analysis of freestanding carbon nanotube coulomb explosion induced by field emission
Authors: Liu Jiayu Alexander , Chen Siyuan , Mao Ningyue , Cheraghi Elahe , Sun Yonghai , Wang Jiaqi , Yeow John T. W.
Published: September 2022

In this study, we aim to observe the Coulomb explosion of CNTs during FE. A high-speed camera was used to capture the explosion phenomenon and a simulation was designed to investigate the mechanism of the FE-induced Coulomb explosion.
Importance of radiative pumping for the excitation of the H2O submillimeter lines in galaxies
Authors: González-Alfonso Eduardo , Fischer Jacqueline , Goicoechea Javier R. , Yang Chentao , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Stewart Kenneth P.
Published: September 2022

H2O submillimeter emission is a powerful diagnostic of the molecular interstellar medium in a variety of sources, including low- and high-mass star-forming regions of the Milky Way, and from local to high-redshift galaxies. However, the excitation mechanism of these lines in galaxies has been debated, preventing a basic consensus on the physical information that H2O provides. Radiative pumping due to H2O absorption of far-infrared photons emitted by dust and collisional excitation in dense shocked gas have both been proposed to explain the H2O emission. Here we propose two basic diagnostics to distinguish between the two mechanisms: First, the ortho-H2O 321 − 212 75 μm and the para-H2O 220 − 111 101 μm rotational lines in shock-excited regions are expected to be in emission, while when radiative pumping dominates, the two far-infrared lines are expected to be in absorption. Second, the radiative pumping scenario predicts, based on the statistical equilibrium of H2O level populations, that the apparent isotropic net rate of far-infrared absorption in the 321 ← 212 (75 μm) and 220 ← 111 (101 μm) lines should be higher than or equal to the apparent isotropic net rate of submillimeter emission in the 321 → 312 (1163 GHz) and 220 → 211 (1229 GHz) lines, respectively. Applying both criteria to all 16 galaxies and several Galactic high-mass star-forming regions in which the H2O 75 μm and submillimeter lines have been observed with Herschel/PACS and SPIRE, we show that in most (extra)galactic sources, the H2O submillimeter line excitation is dominated by far-infrared pumping, combined in some cases with collisional excitation of the lowest energy levels. Based on this finding, we revisit the interpretation of the correlation between the luminosity of the H2O 988 GHz line and the source luminosity in the combined Galactic and extragalactic sample.
EMIR, the near-infrared camera and multi-object spectrograph for the GTC
Authors: Garzón F. , Balcells M. , Gallego J. , Gry C. , Guzmán R. , Hammersley P. , Herrero A. , Muñoz-Tuñón C. , Pelló R. , Prieto M. , Bourrec É. , Cabello C. , Cardiel N. , González-Fernández C. , Laporte N. , Milliard B. , Pascual S. , Patrick L. R. , Patrón J. , Ramírez-Alegría S. , Streblyanska A.
Published: September 2022

We present EMIR, a powerful near-infrared (NIR) camera and multi-object spectrograph (MOS) installed at the Nasmyth focus of the 10.4 m GTC. EMIR was commissioned in mid-2016 and is offered as a common-user instrument. It provides spectral coverage of 0.9–2.5 µm over a field of view (FOV) of 6.67′ × 6.67′ in imaging mode, and 6.67′ × 4′ in spectroscopy. EMIR delivers up to 53 spectra of different objects thanks to a robotic configurable cold slit mask system that is located inside the cryogenic chamber, allowing rapid reconfiguration of the observing mask. The imaging mode is attained by moving all bars outside the FOV and then leaving an empty space in the GTC focal surface. The dispersing suite holds three large pseudo-grisms, formed by the combination of high-efficiency FuSi ion-etched ruled transmission grating sandwiched between two identical ZnSe prisms, plus one standard replicated grism. These dispersing units offer the spectral recording of an atmospheric window J, H, K in a single shot with resolving powers of 5000, 4250, 4000, respectively for a nominal slit width of 0.6″, plus the combined bands Y J or HK, also in a single shot, with resolution of ~1000. The original Hawaii2 FPA detector, which is prone to instabilities that add noise to the signal, is being replaced by a new Hawaii2RG detector array, and is currently being tested at the IAC. This paper presents the most salient features of the instrument, with emphasis on its observing capabilities and the functionality of the configurable slit unit. Sample early science data is also shown.
Applying to aerodynamic optimization an enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm based on parallel exchange
Authors: WANG Peijun , XIA Lu , ZHOU Wenshuo , LUAN Weida
Published: September 2022

The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is easy to implement and can obtain high-quality solutions to optimization problems. It is widely applied to nonlinear and difficult problems such as aerodynamic optimization. However, to solve multi-modal problems, it easily falls into locally optimal values, showing that its robustness is poor. In order to improve the robustness of the PSO algorithm, an enhanced particle swarm optimization algorithm based on parallel exchange (EPSOBPE) is proposed. The algorithm enhances the optimization capability and its robustness through the parallel evolution of the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), PSO population, hierarchical exchange operation and reinforcement learning strategy. Therefore, the algorithm has both the global search capability of the CSA and the local capability of the PSO algorithm, thus making the EPSOBPE very robust. Functional test results show that the EPSOBPE has stronger robustness and adaptability to different problems than other intelligent optimization algorithms. Moreover, the EPSOBPE is applied to the aerodynamic optimization design of the RAE2822 airfoil and the M6 wing. Compared with other algorithms, the EPSOBPE is more robust, and its optimization capability is better.
Acceleration method of infrared image detail enhancement on FPGA
Authors: SHI Haobin , HU Hangyu
Published: September 2022

Among the many cockpit human-computer interaction systems of airborne, vehicle-mounted, and ship-borne platforms, the image detail enhancement technology can improve the ability of personnel to interpret infrared images, which has very important application requirements. The enhanced algorithm running on the embedded computing platform needs to have a higher processing speed and smaller time delay in meeting the needs of real-time interaction. The current infrared video sensor usually has a lower resolution, and the image detail enhancement algorithm still can achieve real-time processing performance on a homogeneous multi-core CPU processing platform. However, as the resolution of platform sensors continues to increase, image processing speed and time delay are difficult to meet application requirements. We propose a method for enhancing and accelerating infrared image details for FPGA platforms. By considering the FPGA's specific domain software and hardware computing architecture, the traditional bilateral filtering image details algorithm is accelerated using local cache and search table, so that real-time processing performance can still be achieved under the input image of the 4k resolution, while almost no additional memory access delay is added. While ensuring the processing effect, the algorithm greatly improves the processing and delay indicators to meet the application requirements of embedded equipment in specific fields such as the cockpit human-computer interaction system.
Analytical algorithm for time-varying meshing stiffness of modified herringbone gear pair
Authors: ZOU Haoran , WANG Sanmin , HE Qianjin , LI Yizhi , CHEN Peng
Published: September 2022

This paper jointly uses the slicing method and the potential energy method to propose an analytical algorithm that considers the meshing stiffness of the modified herringbone gear pair and its axial force. The calculation results are compared with the finite element and ISO calculation results to verify the accuracy of the analytical algorithm. The algorithm is used to analyze the influence of modification on meshing stiffness of the herringbone gear pair. The calculation results show that the modification length, axial modification and the meshing stiffness of the single pair of herringbone gears and the time-varying meshing stiffness of the herringbone gear pair decrease with the increase of tooth profile modification. The mean value of time-varying meshing stiffness decreases with the increase of tooth profile modification. It decreases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of tooth profile modification length and axial modification. The variance of time-varying meshing stiffness increases first and then decreases with the increase of tooth profile modification of the pinion. It decreases with the increase of tooth profile modification of the herringbone gear, increases first and then decreases and then tends to be stable with the increase of tooth profile modification length. The variance decreases with the increase of axial modification of the pinion. It decreases first and then increases and tends to be stable with the increase of axial modification of the herringbone gear.
Suppression and analysis on annoyance of motor vehicle noise using water sound injection
Authors: ZHAO Huanqi , CHEN Kean , YAN Liang , ZHOU Bing , ZHANG Jiangong , ZHANG Jun , DENG Yunyun , LI Han , LI Hao
Published: September 2022

Different from the traditional noise control approaches based on sound energy reduction, this study focuses on the annoyance suppression of motor vehicle noise based on audio injection. Firstly, eight motor vehicle noises were selected as the target sounds and three different controllable sounds were used to overlap with different signal-to-noise ratios. Then absolute threshold and combined sound annoyance subjective evaluation experiment were carried out to obtain absolute threshold range and the existence zone of "destructive effect" for combined noise annoyance. Next the influencing factors of the destructive effect are analyzed. The results of the study found that the identifiability of the target sound and the controllable sound is important to the selection of the controllable sound. For most target sounds with high identifiability, the controllable sound with high identifiability and high SNR should be selected. For most target sounds with low identifiability, the controllable sound with low identifiability and low SNR should be selected. Moreover, after the addition of optimal controllable sound, the descend value of the annoyance degree of the target sound with high identifiability is lower than that of the target sound with low identifiability. The results will also provide guidance for the research on audio injection effects, physical mechanisms, the controllable sound selection and optimization design.
Influence of single-point total pressure probe installation position on the flow field and measurement results of the inlet stage outlet of the compressor
Authors: HU Jinxin , ZHENG Guanghua , MENG Yuhang , WEI Bang , YU Kefeng
Published: September 2022

The measurement accuracy of a single-point L-type total pressure probe in the inlet stage outlet flow path of a vortex engine compressor and the influence of the probe on the flow field were investigated via numerical simulation. The change pattern of probe measurement results with flow rate under three typical operating conditions of cruise, maximum continuous and takeoff were analyzed, as well as the influence of the installation position on the probe measurement results. The present results show that the measurement error of the probe gradually increases with the increasing of inlet flow rate. The relative measurement error of total probe pressure is the smallest and the measurement error is linear with the flow rate at a ratio(D/d) of 6.5. The relative measurement error of the total probe pressure is greatest when the installation position is located near the leaf basin compared to the leaf back. As the probe is installed closer to the back of the leaf, the total pressure loss coefficient downstream of the probe decreases more slowly and the probe has a greater range of influence on the flow field in the flow direction. When the installation position is located near the leaf basin and leaf back, the velocity uniformity between 5 mm and 24 mm downstream of the probe is smaller.
Study on path planning method for unknown 3D environment exploration driven by compound boundary points
Authors: TANG Jianing , LIU Yuqing , ZHOU Sida , LI Dingkui
Published: September 2022

Aiming at the low exploration level, slow speed and repeated exploration of UAVs in unknown environments, this paper improves the selection of boundary points based on the boundary driving method, and proposes a method suitable for UAVs to quickly explore in unknown environments. Planning method: while using the depth image (RGBD) sensor to receive environmental information, the octree map of the known environment is constructed in real time, and the common indoor environment is divided into six local environmental types. The drone observes according to the RGBD camera on board. The local environment type generates instantaneous speed commands, and designs composite boundary points, from which the point with the largest information gain and the smallest yaw angle is weighed as the boundary guide point. Finally, a simulation experiment was carried out and comparing with the existing methods. The time required to explore the apartment environment in the next best viewpoint (NBV) in Document with the present method is 68.7% less than the exploration time in the paper. In addition, this paper designs There are four types of environments. In these environments, the present method reduces the average exploration time by 97.1% comparing with the method in Document. The experimental results show that the present method can effectively improve the exploration efficiency and has strong feasibility.
Asymptotic-numerical solvers for linear neutral delay differential equations with high-frequency extrinsic oscillations
Authors: Ait el bhira Hajar , Kzaz Mustapha , Maach Fatna
Published: September 2022

We present a method to compute efficiently and easily solutions of systems of linear neutral delay differential equations with highly oscillatory forcing terms. This method is based on asymptotic expansions in inverse powers of a perturbed oscillatory parameter. Each term of the asymptotic expansion is derived by recursion. The cost of the computation is essentially independent of the oscillatory parameter. Numerical examples are provided and show that with few terms of the asymptotic expansion, the solutions are approximated with high accuracy.
Betätigung interdisziplinär denken – Occupational Science in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Riese Daniel , Ebert Juliane
Published: September 2022

Beim Begriff Occupational Science denken viele zunächst an eine Bezugswissenschaft für Ergotherapeut*innen. Doch es handelt sich um ein interdisziplinäres Forschungsgebiet, dessen Erkenntnisse nicht nur das Handeln in der Ergotherapie, sondern auch in vielen anderen Disziplinen beeinflussen kann.
Schwerelos – Steh- und Bewegungshilfe „Standing Ovation“
Authors: Frank Petra
Published: September 2022

Stehen oder gehen und gleichzeitig die Hände frei haben, um zu arbeiten oder zu kochen: Für Menschen, die auf einen Rollstuhl oder auf Unterarmstützen angewiesen sind, ist das oft schwer möglich. Als Peter Lammer nach einem Unfall in dieser Situation war, erfand er kurzerhand die Steh- und Bewegungshilfe Standing Ovation, um weiter als Koch arbeiten zu können.
Individualized Homeopathic Medicines in Treatment of Hyperuricemia: Evaluation by Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Ganguly Subhasish , Mukherjee Shyamal Kumar , Dutta Souvik , Shaikh Abdur Rahaman , Ali Sk Swaif , Singh Navin Kumar , Bhattacharya Pulakendu , Koley Munmun , Saha Subhranil
Published: September 2022

Introduction Hyperuricemia (HU) is a major health issue in India and across the globe. It increases the disease burden and hampers quality of life. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of individualized homeopathic medicines (IHMs) against placebo in the treatment of HU.

Methods This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 60 patients suffering from HU in the outpatient department of D. N. De Homoeopathic Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. Each patient received either IHMs or identical-looking placebos, along with advice on dietary modifications irrespective of codes. Serum uric acid (SUA) level was the primary outcome measure; the HU quality of life questionnaire (HUQLQ) and the Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile version 2 (MYMOP-2) were the secondary outcomes; all measured at baseline, and every month, up to 3 months. Group differences were examined by two-way (split-half) repeated-measures analysis of variance after adjusting for baseline differences. Significance level was set at p ≤0.05, two-tailed.

Results The intention-to-treat sample (n = 58) was analyzed. Between-group differences in SUA levels (F 1, 56 = 13.833, p <0.001), HUQLQ scores (F 1, 56 = 32.982, p <0.001) and MYMOP-2 profile scores (F 1, 56 = 23.873, p <0.001) were statistically significant, favoring IHMs against placebos, with medium to large effect sizes. Calcarea carbonica and Pulsatilla nigricans were the most frequently prescribed medicines. No serious adverse events were reported from either of the groups.

Conclusion IHMs showed significantly better results than placebos in reducing SUA levels and improving quality of life in patients suffering from HU.

Trial registration CTRI/2019/10/021503; UTN: U1111–1241–1431.
4.4.6 Product Subclass 6: Silyltin Reagents
Authors: Yoshida H.
Published: September 2022

This chapter describes the synthesis of silyltin reagents, also frequently called silylstannanes, and their synthetic applications via silicon-tin σ-bond activation. Transition-metal catalysts and non-transition-metal nucleophilic activators can be used for this purpose, leading to a wide range of silicon-installing and tin-installing reactions that provide direct and efficient access to synthetically useful organosilanes and organostannanes.
Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of cobalt with smooth etched surface by plasma oxidation and organometallization
Authors: Fujisaki Sumiko , Yamaguchi Yoshihide , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Shinoda Kazunori , Yamada Masaki , Hamamura Hirotaka , Kawamura Kohei , Izawa Masaru
Published: September 2022

Thermal-cyclic atomic layer etching of a Co film and a fine pattern with a smooth etched surface by plasma oxidation and organometallization is demonstrated. One cycle of the etching process consists of a two-temperature process. In the first step, plasma oxidation of Co is carried out at a low temperature of 25 °C to obtain a smooth Co oxide layer. In the second step, the Co oxide is organometallized with acetylacetone and desorbs at a high temperature of 210 °C that is suitable for organometallization and desorption. The etched amount per cycle is 0.6 nm, which is the same as the saturation amount of oxidation. A smooth etched surface is obtained after 20 cycles with a root mean square roughness of 0.53 nm, which is only slightly higher than the initial value of 0.34 nm. High etching selectivity over barrier metal of titanium-nitride was obtained. The two-step temperature cycle is crucial to achieve favorable etching with smooth etched surfaces.
Estimation of wind speed distribution with time window and new kernel function
Authors: Liu Ling , Wang Jujie , Li Jianping , Wei Lu
Published: September 2022

Wind speed distribution analysis is important for selecting the potential wind farm and improving wind energy utilization efficiency. However, due to the randomness, intermittence, and chaos of wind speed, it is difficult to accurately estimate its probability distribution. Many studies use specific probability density function to estimate wind speed distribution, but only a few analyze the changes of wind speed distribution in the same region. The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of wind speed distribution estimation and analyze the changes in wind speed distribution under different time windows. Three new kernel functions are proposed to improve the accuracy of distribution estimation. A new point-to-point comparison method is proposed to evaluate the goodness-of-fit of wind distribution. A new time window analysis method is applied to analyze the monthly, quarterly, and semiannual wind speed distribution. The results show that (a) under different time windows, the wind speed distribution in Hexi Corridor is different; (b) the performance of kernel function is affected by its peak value and shape; and (c) one of the three new kernel functions has the smallest error, in which mean square errors in monthly, quarterly, and semiannual time windows are 0.0057, 0.0061, and 0.0056, respectively.
A Monte Carlo technique to model performance of streak camera-based time-resolving x-ray spectrometers
Authors: Stoupin S. , MacPhee A. G. , Ose N. , MacDonald M. J. , Masse L. , Rusby D. , Schneider M. B.
Published: September 2022

A Monte Carlo technique has been developed to simulate the expected signal and the statistical noise of x-ray spectrometers that use streak cameras to achieve the time resolution required for ultrafast diagnostics of laser-generated plasmas. The technique accounts for statistics from both the photons incident on the streak camera’s photocathode and the electrons emitted by the photocathode travelling through the camera’s electron optics to the sensor. We use the technique to optimize the design of a spectrometer, which deduces the temporal history of electron temperature of the hotspot in an inertial confinement fusion implosion from its hard x-ray continuum emission spectra. The technique is general enough to be applied to any instrument using an x-ray streak camera.
Acoustic wave propagation mechanism in the local stiffened structure of space station cabin using finite element method
Authors: Gao Bin , Chang Wei , Chen Yong , Fan Chengguang , Zhao Yong , Yu Sunquan
Published: September 2022

Acoustic-based leakage detection and location in a spacecraft has attracted many researchers’ interest. Due to the fact that wave propagation through the stiffened structure is too complicated to be comprehensively understood, current leakage detection technologies have low-quality performance. Using numerical simulations, this paper parametrically investigates wave propagation across stiffened structure under different configurations. First, wave propagation through the stiffened structures with different stiffener heights is analyzed, showing that acoustic propagation features are different from Reusser’s model. Second, the stiffened structures with different widths are analyzed; meanwhile, the two cases of too large and too small stiffened ratios were compared. Acoustic wave propagation paths become complicated due to acoustic mode conversions. Third, different configurations of structure types are addressed. When the stiffener’s height–width ratio was large, the acoustic wave first reached the bottom of the stiffened block and then traveled up to the top of the stiffened block. When the stiffener’s height–width ratio was small, the acoustic wave reached the incident side at the bottom of the stiffened block and then propagated separately.
Flow in oscillatory boundary layers over permeable beds
Authors: Meza-Valle Claudio , Pujara Nimish
Published: September 2022

In fluid dynamics applications that involve flow adjacent to a porous medium, there exists some ambiguity in how to model the interface. Despite different developments, there is no agreed upon boundary condition that should be applied at the interface. We present a new analytical solution for laminar boundary layers over permeable beds driven by oscillatory free stream motion where flow in the permeable region follows Darcy's law. We study the fluid boundary layer for two different boundary conditions at the interface between the fluid and a permeable bed that was first introduced in the context of steady flows: a mixed boundary condition proposed by Beavers and Joseph [“Boundary conditions at a naturally permeable bed,” J. Fluid Mech. 30, 197–207 (1967)] and the velocity continuity condition proposed by Le Bars and Worster [“Interfacial conditions between a pure fluid and a porous medium: Implications for binary alloy solidification,” J. Fluid Mech. 550, 149–173 (2006)]. Our analytical solution based on the velocity continuity condition agrees very well with numerical results using the mixed boundary condition, suggesting that the simpler velocity boundary condition is able to accurately capture the flow physics near the interface. Furthermore, we compare our solution against experimental data in an oscillatory boundary layer generated by water waves propagating over a permeable bed and find good agreement. Our results show the existence of a transition zone below the interface, where the boundary layer flow still dominates. The depth of this transition zone scales with the grain diameter of the porous medium and is proportional to an empirical parameter that we fit to the available data.
Distributed evaporation of water-in-oil emulsion drops on solid surfaces
Authors: Gopu Maheshwar , Mampallil Dileep
Published: September 2022

We experimentally demonstrate capillary clustering of microdroplets when a microfluidic water-in-oil emulsion drop was placed on a solid substrate. Distributed evaporation rates occur within the cluster manifested by a size gradient of microdroplets. We show that the process depends upon the oil and substrate properties. We study the evaporative dynamics of the cluster and the individual microdroplets. We identify three different evaporation regimes of the microdroplets and model the process. Unlike bare droplets, the evaporation rate varies with time when the droplet size approaches the oil height. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of droplet evaporation in emulsions and on oil-infused surfaces. Also, it may have implications for soft materials, microdroplet chemistry, and biosystems involving droplets.
Disorder of excitons and trions in monolayer MoSe2
Authors: Wang Jue , Manolatou Christina , Bai Yusong , Hone James , Rana Farhan , Zhu X.-Y.
Published: September 2022

The optical spectra of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers are dominated by excitons and trions. Here, we establish the dependence of these optical transitions on the disorder from hyperspectral imaging of h-BN encapsulated monolayer MoSe2. While both exciton and trion energies vary spatially, these two quantities are almost perfectly correlated, with spatial variation in the trion binding energy of only ∼0.18 meV. In contrast, variation in the energy splitting between the two lowest energy exciton states is one order of magnitude larger at ∼1.7 meV. Statistical analysis and theoretical modeling reveal that disorder results from dielectric and bandgap fluctuations, not electrostatic fluctuations. Our results shed light on disorder in high quality TMDC monolayers, its impact on optical transitions, and the many-body nature of excitons and trions.
Deep reinforcement learning for active control of a three-dimensional bluff body wake
Authors: Amico E. , Cafiero G. , Iuso G.
Published: September 2022

The application of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to train an agent capable of learning control laws for pulsed jets to manipulate the wake of a bluff body is presented and discussed. The work has been performed experimentally at a value of the Reynolds number Re∼105 adopting a single-step approach for the training of the agent. Two main aspects are targeted: first, the dimension of the state, allowing us to draw conclusions on its effect on the training of the neural network; second, the capability of the agent to learn optimal strategies aimed at maximizing more complex tasks identified with the reward. The agent is trained to learn strategies that minimize drag only or minimize drag while maximizing the power budget of the fluidic system. The results show that independently on the definition of the reward, the DRL learns forcing conditions that yield values of drag reduction that are as large as 10% when the reward is based on the drag minimization only. On the other hand, when also the power budget is accounted for, the agent learns forcing configurations that yield lower drag reduction (5%) but characterized by large values of the efficiency. A comparison between the natural and the forced conditions is carried out in terms of the pressure distribution across the model's base. The different structure of the wake that is obtained depending on the training of the agent suggests that the possible forcing configuration yielding similar values of the reward is local minima for the problem. This represents, to the authors' knowledge, the first application of a single-step DRL in an experimental framework at large values of the Reynolds number to control the wake of a three-dimensional bluff body.
Origins of instabilities in turbulent mixing layers behind detonation propagation into reactive–inert gas interfaces
Authors: Maxwell Brian , Melguizo-Gavilanes Josué
Published: September 2022

Interactions of mildly irregular detonation waves with sharp interfaces separating combustible mixtures from an inert gas were modeled numerically using the compressible linear eddy model for a large eddy simulation (CLEM-LES) approach. In recent experiments of Lieberman and Shepherd [“Detonation interaction with an interface,” Phys. Fluids 19, 096101 (2007)], such interactions resulted in a transmitted shock-turbulent mixing zone (TMZ) complex as the reactive wave traveled through the interface separating fuel rich ethylene–oxygen mixtures and nitrogen. Kelvin–Helmholtz (K–H) instability was proposed as the main mechanism contributing to the formation of the turbulent mixing zone. This work aims to determine to what extent K–H plays a role and whether or not other sources of instability contribute to the observed evolution of the TMZ. The results show that full-scale simulations using CLEM-LES reproduce well (qualitatively and quantitatively) the experimental flow features. Upon recasting the simulations in the frame of reference of the node (i.e., the location where the detonation wave meets the interface) and by removing the cellular instability from the front, the growth rates of the TMZ only due to K–H instabilities originating from the velocity difference across the mixing layer were found to be insignificant. Conversely, the addition of controlled perturbations to the detonation front pressure resulted in significant growth of the TMZ. This outcome suggests that the TMZ formation and evolution are heavily influenced by instabilities originating at the front. In this regard, transverse waves associated with the detonation front cellular structure are likely to provide the bulk of TMZ growth through additional Richtmyer–Meshkov instabilities.