bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lessons from a large nationwide cohort of 350 children with ovarian mature teratoma: A study in favor of ovarian‐sparing surgery
Authors: Delehaye Fanny , Sarnacki Sabine , Orbach Daniel , Cheikhelard Alaa , Rouger Jérémie , Parienti Jean‐Jacques , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Hameury Frédéric , Dijoud Frédérique , Aubry Estelle , Wacrenier Agnès , Habonimana Edouard , Duchesne Camille , Joseph Solène , Alliot Hortense , Scalabre Aurélien , Chaussy Yann , Podevin Guillaume , Croue Anne , Haraux Elodie , Guibal Marie Pierre , Pommepuy Isabelle , Ballouhey Quentin , Lavrand Frédéric , Peycelon Matthieu , Irtan Sabine , Guerin Florent , Dariel Anne , Borionne Claude , Galmiche Louise , Rod Julien
Published: November 2021

Background

Ovarian mature teratoma (OMT) is a common ovarian tumor found in the pediatric population. In 10%–20% of cases, OMT occurs as multiple synchronous or metachronous lesions on ipsi‐ or contralateral ovaries. Ovarian‐sparing surgery (OSS) is recommended to preserve fertility, but total oophorectomy (TO) is still performed.

Design

This study reviews the clinical data of patients with OMT, and analyzes risk factors for second events. A national retrospective review of girls under 18 years of age with OMTs was performed. Data on clinical features, imaging, laboratory studies, surgical reports, second events and their management were retrieved.

Results

Overall, 350 children were included. Eighteen patients (5%) presented with a synchronous bilateral form at diagnosis. Surgery was performed by laparotomy (85%) and laparoscopy (15%). OSS and TO were performed in 59% and 41% of cases, respectively. Perioperative tumor rupture occurred in 23 cases, independently of the surgical approach. Twenty‐nine second events occurred (8.3%) in a median time of 30.5 months from diagnosis (ipsilateral: eight cases including one malignant tumor; contralateral: 18 cases; both ovaries: three cases). A large palpable mass, bilateral forms, at diagnosis and perioperative rupture had a statistical impact on the risk of second event, whereas the type of surgery or approach did not.

Conclusion

This study is a plea in favor of OSS as the first‐choice treatment of OMT when possible. Close follow‐up during the first 5 years is mandatory considering the risk of 8.3% of second events, especially in cases with risk factors.
Deviation from delivery of radiation therapy to childhood cancer patients: A retrospective audit
Authors: Agrawal Rashi , Goel Vineeta , Anand Anil , Arora Ramandeep Singh
Published: November 2021

Background

Planning and coordination of the delivery of radiation therapy (RT) can be challenging in resource‐limited settings. In this retrospective study, we describe the profile of children undergoing radiation and analyze deviation from some accepted norms.

Procedure

Data on all children (<18 years of age) with cancer who completed RT from January 2009 to December 2019 were retrieved. Diagnostic groups with more than five patients were included in the analysis for deviations in RT (time to start [TTS]; total dose delivered [TDD] in gray; and time to complete [TTC]). We investigated reasons for deviation.

Results

Two hundred seven children received RT as front‐line treatment (68% Indian, 59% male). Most common diagnoses were brain tumors (44%), lymphomas (13%), leukemias, and soft tissue sarcomas (10% each). TTS deviation was seen in 23.6%, TTD in 6.0%, and TTC in 24.7%, while 43.4% had at least one deviation in any of these three parameters. Deviation in TTS varied significantly by location of preceding treatment and by cancer (greatest deviation in sarcomas), with issues around access to health care being the most common reason. Deviation in TTC varied significantly by cancer (greatest deviation in sarcomas and medulloblastoma), with myelotoxicity being the most common reason.

Conclusions

Our study adds to the limited literature on RT quality for children with cancer in resource‐limited settings. Certain cancers (sarcomas and medulloblastomas) and patient groups (preceding treatment outside our institute) had the maximum deviation. Barriers to accessing care and myelotoxicity were the two main reasons for this deviation.
Family functioning and adaptation following pediatric brain tumor: A systematic review
Authors: Moscato Emily , Patronick Jamie , Wade Shari L.
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) experience psychosocial difficulties and poor quality of life (QOL). Family functioning may be adversely impacted by the stress of diagnosis and associated symptoms, which may, in turn, affect PBTS outcomes. The objective of this study was to complete a systematic review of family functioning and psychosocial outcomes in PBTS.

Methods

We conducted systematic searches of PubMed and PsychInfo. Full‐text articles (n = 324) were screened and 14 were included. A risk‐of‐bias assessment was conducted to evaluate the quality of study conclusions.

Results

Studies examined associations of family functioning with adaptive, social, emotional, and behavioral outcomes, and QOL. More adaptive family functioning (cohesiveness, effective communication, lower conflict) was associated with better PBTS outcomes. Studies were limited by heterogeneous/small samples and cross‐sectional designs.

Conclusions

Results provide preliminary support for the relationship between family functioning and psychosocial outcomes. Common outcome measures and prospective research designs can further advance understanding.
Early parental knowledge of late effect risks in children with cancer
Authors: Carpenter Kendall , Scavotto Madison , McGovern Alana , Ma Clement , Kenney Lisa B. , Mack Jennifer W. , Greenzang Katie A.
Published: November 2021

Background/objectives

Despite the pervasiveness of late effects in childhood cancer survivors, many parents feel inadequately informed about their child's risks. We assessed early parental knowledge of risks of late effects and predictors of increased knowledge.

Design/methods

Parents of children receiving cancer treatment at Dana‐Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center were surveyed about their knowledge of their child's likelihood of eight late effects. Individual risk for each late effect (yes/no) was assessed using the Children's Oncology Group's Long‐Term Follow‐Up Guidelines v5 as a reference. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize knowledge scores; ordinal logistic regression was used to identify predictors of higher knowledge.

Results

Of 96 parent participants, 11 (11.46%) correctly identified all of their child's risks for the eight late effects. Five of eight was the median number of correctly identified late effect risks. Among 21 parents whose children were at risk for ototoxicity, 95% correctly identified this risk. Conversely, parents of at‐risk children were less knowledgeable about risks of secondary malignancy (63% correct identification, ofN = 94 at risk), cardiac toxicity (61%;N = 71), neurocognitive impairment (56%;N = 63), and infertility (28%;N = 61). Ordinal logistic regression analysis identified no significant differences in parental knowledge of late effect risks by any factors evaluated.

Conclusions

Gaps in parental knowledge of potential late effects of childhood cancer treatment emerge early in a child's care, and parents are more knowledgeable about some late effects, such as ototoxicity, than others, such as infertility. As no child‐ or parent‐specific factors were associated with increased knowledge of late effect risks, interventions must be applied broadly.
Biodegradation and performance of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone)/macaíba biocomposites
Authors: Siqueira Danilo D. , Luna Carlos B. B. , Araújo Edcleide Maria , de Carvalho Costa Thercio Henrique , Wellen Renate M. R.
Published: November 2021

Given the need to produce biodegradable materials, especially plastics that contribute to environmental pollution, in this work poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) biocomposites were produced with 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of macaíba fiber (MF) which was treated by toluene and by plasma, aiming at compounds production with high performance and biodegradability. Mechanical properties (impact, tensile, and flexion), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric, water absorption, contact angle, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were evaluated. Biocomposites whose fibers were treated by plasma, displayed lower elastic modulus than PCL, the superficial fiber treatment by plasma removed the impurities keeping the oil that is an intrinsic characteristic of MF. Biodegradation tests performed according to ASTM G160‐03 showed that biocomposites with 20% of treated fiber lost approximately 20% of the weight after 90 days, which is equivalent to a 25% of biodegradation acceleration in relation to PCL. All biocomposites showed rough morphology, with the presence of cracks and pores due to the biodegradation action. These results showed that the treated MFs are a promising agent to accelerate PCL biodegradation while keeping reasonable performance. Summing up PCL/MF with 10% MF displayed the best performance and is feasible to be used as general good as well as biofilm application.
The Transfer Matrix Method and the Theory of Finite Periodic Systems. From Heterostructures to Superlattices
Authors: Pereyra Pedro
Published: November 2021

Historically, the physics, energy spectrum, and wave functions of superlattices have had different levels of understanding. Unlike the standard approaches, based on theorems for infinite systems, the theory of finite periodic systems (TFPS) constitutes a genuine quantum approach, with closed analytical results. In this theory the finite number of unit‐cells is an essential condition, while the number of propagating modes, as well as, the potential profiles (or refractive indices) are arbitrary. In this work, the transfer matrix definitions, symmetry properties, group representations, and relations with the scattering amplitudes are reviewed. The derivation of multichannel matrix polynomials (which reduce to Chebyshev polynomials in the one‐propagating mode limit), analytical formulas for resonant states, energy eigenvalues, eigenfunctions, parity symmetries, and discrete dispersion relations for superlattices with different confinement characteristics are reviewed. After showing the inconsistencies and limitations of hybrid approaches that combine the transfer‐matrix method with Floquet's theorem, some applications of the TFPS to multichannel negative resistance, ballistic transistors, coupled channels transport, spintronics, superluminal, and optical antimatter effects are revisited. Two high‐resolution superlattice related experiments are reviewed: the tunneling time in photonic band‐gap and the optical response of blue‐emitting diodes. It is shown that the TFPS accurately predicts the experimental results.
Long‐term single‐column model intercomparison of diurnal cycle of precipitation over midlatitude and tropical land
Authors: Tang Shuaiqi , Xie Shaocheng , Guo Zhun , Hong Song‐You , Khouider Boualem , Klocke Daniel , Köhler Martin , Koo Myung‐Seo , Krishna Phani Murali , Larson Vincent E. , Park Sungsu , Vaillancourt Paul A. , Wang Yi‐Chi , Yang Jing , Daleu Chimene L. , Homeyer Cameron R. , Jones Todd R. , Malap Neelam , Neggers Roel , Prabhakaran Thara , Ramirez Enver , Schumacher Courtney , Tao Cheng , Bechtold Peter , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Neelin J. David , Zeng Xubin
Published: November 2021

General Circulation Models (GCMs) have for decades exhibited difficulties in modelling the diurnal cycle of precipitation (DCP). This issue can be related to inappropriate representation of the processes controlling sub‐diurnal phenomena like convection. In this study, 11 single‐column versions of GCMs are used to investigate the interactions between convection and environmental conditions, processes that control nocturnal convections, and the transition from shallow to deep convection on a diurnal time‐scale. Long‐term simulations are performed over two continental land sites: the Southern Great Plains (SGP) in the USA for 12 summer months from 2004 to 2015 and the Manacapuru site at the central Amazon (MAO) in Brazil for two full years from 2014 to 2015. The analysis is done on two regimes: afternoon convective regime and nocturnal precipitation regime. Most models produce afternoon precipitation too early, likely due to the missing transition of shallow‐to‐deep convection in these models. At SGP, the unified convection schemes better simulate the onset time of precipitation. At MAO, models produce the heating peak in a much lower level compared with observation, indicating too shallow convection in the models. For nocturnal precipitation, models that produce most of nocturnal precipitation all allow convection to be triggered above the boundary layer. This indicates the importance of model capability to detect elevated convection for simulating nocturnal precipitation. Sensitivity studies indicate that (a) nudging environmental variables towards observations has a minor impact on DCP, (b) unified treatment of shallow and deep convection and the capability to capture mid‐level convection can help models better capture DCP, and (c) the interactions of the atmosphere with other components in the climate system (e.g. land) are also important for DCP simulations in coupled models. These results provide long‐term statistical insights on which physical processes are essential in climate models to simulate DCP.
Output‐feedback finite‐time and exponential tracking continuous control for mechanical systems with constrained inputs
Authors: Zavala‐Río Arturo , Zamora‐Gómez Griselda I. , Sanchez Tonametl , Reyes‐Cortes Fernando , Santibáñez Víctor
Published: November 2021

An output‐feedback finite‐time/exponential tracking continuous control scheme for mechanical systems with constrained inputs is proposed. The developed controller has a velocity‐free saturating‐proportional saturating‐derivative type structure, inducing damping through a dirty‐derivative based auxiliary dynamics. Special well‐defined functions that coat the error correction actions of the control scheme give the required shaping for the concerned type of convergence and input saturation avoidance. The type of convergence is determined through the choice on the values of specific control parameters. Differently to similar previous approaches for state‐feedback tracking or output‐feedback regulation, the control parameters that determine the trajectory convergence are not restricted to satisfy a fixed equivalence relation but rather a wider comparative one. This expands the spectrum of finite‐time convergent trajectories that may be induced, and further gives the option of an additional (unconventional) type of exponential stability (in addition to the conventional one). The closed‐loop analysis is supported through suitable strict Lyapunov functions. Experimental tests on a 3‐degree‐of‐freedom robot manipulator further support the contributed result.
Between‐ and within‐person consequences of daily entrepreneurial stressors on discrete emotions in entrepreneurs: The moderating role of personality
Authors: Xu Feng , Kellermanns Franz W. , Jin Linlin
Published: November 2021

This study builds and tests a model that explains entrepreneurs' emotional responses to events in their work lives while specifying the role of entrepreneurs' personality in moderating such responses. Drawing on the cognitive appraisal theory, we hypothesise that daily entrepreneurial stressors (workload and financial) exert negative influences on two discrete emotions (fear and pride) and that entrepreneurs' neuroticism and dispositional optimism can moderate the proposed relationships. We examined daily diary data of 61 entrepreneurs over a two‐week period and found multilevel evidence of individual differences in entrepreneurs' emotional responses to these stressors at both the between‐ and within‐person levels of analysis. We also found that neuroticism and optimism partially account for the examined relationships across both levels. This study contributes to the literature on stress‐related emotional experiences in an entrepreneurial context by taking into account the type of stressor and the temporal framework across levels of analysis.
Oxygen Vacancies‐Rich Heterojunction of Ti3C2/BiOBr for Photo‐Excited Antibacterial Textiles
Authors: Li Jianfang , Ma Lili , Li Zhaoyang , Liu Xiangmei , Zheng Yufeng , Liang Yanqin , Liang Chunyong , Cui Zhenduo , Zhu Shengli , Wu Shuilin
Published: November 2021

Pathogenic bacteria that adhere on the surface of textiles, especially healthcare workers’ uniforms, have brought severe problems, including nosocomial infection and other infectious diseases. Here, antibacterial textiles are fabricated by in situ growing oxygen vacancies (OVs) BiOBr on the surface of Ti3C2 nanosheets followed by in situ polymerization of polypyrrole (ppy). The formed Schottky heterojunction containing OVs of Ti3C2/BiOBr effectively enhance the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers, inhibit the recombination, and decrease the band gap by introducing defect level, which significantly improve the photocatalytic activity, leading to higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light irradiation. Therefore, the antibacterial efficacy of textiles reaches up to 98.64% against Staphylococcus aureus and 99.89% against Escherichia coli with the assistance of hyperthermia under light irradiation for 15 min. This work provides insights for designing photo‐excited antibacterial textiles by interfacial construction based on Schottky junctions and OVs in the incorporated nanomaterials.
All‐Slot‐Die‐Coated Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells in Ambient Conditions with Chlorine Additives
Authors: Le Thai Son , Saranin Danila , Gostishchev Pavel , Ermanova Inga , Komaricheva Tatiana , Luchnikov Lev , Muratov Dmitry , Uvarov Alexander , Vyacheslavova Ekaterina , Mukhin Ivan , Didenko Sergey , Kuznetsov Denis , Di Carlo Aldo
Published: November 2021

Large‐scale solution printing perovskite photovoltaics is one of the key technological advantages in comparison to the manufacturing of wafer‐based solar cells (Si, GaAs, etc.). Herein, all‐slot‐die‐coated perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in p–i–n (inverse) configuration with a process fully performed out of the glove box in ambient conditions are demonstrated. The successful implementation of the approach is demonstrated for devices based on the MAPbI3 and CsFAPbI3 perovskite absorbers with four slot‐die‐coated layers—NiO
x
/perovskite/PCBM/BCP. Noticeably, the use of Cl‐containing additives MACl and FACl in combination with vacuum quenching is found to be essential for the reproducible and controllable crystallization of the perovskite films. Moreover, vacuum quenching shows beneficial results also for the morphology of thin electron transporting layers—PCBM (40 nm) and BCP (11 nm). Finally, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the all‐slot‐die‐coated PSCs reaches the level of >16% for MAPbI3 and >17% for CsFAPbI3‐based devices. Slot‐die coating fabrication is successfully upscaled for minimodules (total active area 2.1 cm2), which demonstrates up to 14.9% of PCE. This result demonstrates the high potential of the slot‐die printing for sheet‐to‐sheet fabrication of PSCs and unravels the specifics for each functional layer in the p–i–n device.
Crystallinity Modulation of Electron Acceptor in One‐Photon Excitation Pathway‐Based Heterostructure for Visible‐Light Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhi Xiaojuan , Liu Huan , Xia Zhonghui , Di Shuanlong , Beom Cho Yeon , Niu Ping , Chun Sang-Eun , Wang Shulan , Li Li
Published: November 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride is viewed as promising visible‐light photocatalyst. However, the high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers within the bulk strongly limits its performance and achieving highly efficient heterostructure remains challenging. Herein, construction of carbon nitride‐related heterostructures based on the one‐photon excitation pathway (OPEP) mechanism is reported and the complex interplay between component crystallinity and charge transfer kinetics is unraveled. As a proof of concept, prototype TiO2 is selected as the electron‐acceptor while crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) is used as the light‐absorber. Interestingly, a counter‐intuitive phenomenon is found that decreased crystallinity of the electron acceptor is favorable for charge carrier transfer through the heterostructure interface. Detailed structural analysis demonstrates TiO2 with low crystallinity can introduce more dramatic changes to electron distribution of C3N4 than those from highly crystalline counterparts when forming heterostructures, leading to the highly efficient interface. Based on the aforementioned observation, the designed heterostructure (CCN/low‐crystalline TiO2) presents a 6 and 4.8 times optimized photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of CCN and CCN/high‐crystalline TiO2, respectively. This finding challenges the conventional view and may advance the in‐depth understanding for construction of OPEP‐related heterostructures and design of highly efficient composite photocatalysts via structure modulation.
Effect of MgO Grade in MgO–C Refractories on the Non‐metallic Inclusion Population in Al‐Treated Steel
Authors: Kerber Florian , Zienert Tilo , Hubálková Jana , Stein Volker , Schemmel Thomas , Jansen Helge , Aneziris Christos G.
Published: November 2021

Steelmaking processes require high‐performance lining materials with high refractoriness and thermal shock resistance, such as MgO–C bricks. Therefore, the interactions between three industrially fabricated MgO–C bricks differing in the used MgO grade and liquid steel are investigated by immersion tests in an Al‐deoxidized 42CrMo4 steel at 1600 °C, herein. The trials are carried out in a steel casting simulator. Macro‐ and microstructure of immersed specimens are characterized using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, while the inclusion population in the solidified steel is analyzed using an automated feature analysis to determine the frequency, geometric characteristics, and elemental composition of the inclusions. Newly formed structures consisting mainly of MgO are observed on the immersed specimens differing in their superficial appearance and the frequency of phases assigned to the system Al2O3–CaO–MgO–SiO2 in dependence on the MgO grade. Based on the inclusion species occurring in the solidified steel, a specific rulefile is developed to classify the non‐metallic inclusions by their elemental composition. Significant differences in the frequency of detected inclusions and their distribution according to the developed rulefile depending on the MgO grade are identified by keeping the processing in the steel casting simulator constant.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties of a Low‐Carbon Martensitic Steel by Thermally Stable Ni‐Rich Austenite
Authors: Kan Liye , Zhu Tuo , Ye Qibin , Shen Yongfeng , Wang Hongtao , Wang Qinghai , Zhao Tan , Wang Zhaodong
Published: November 2021

A multistep quench−lamellarization−tempering treatment (QLT) is designed for a low‐carbon high‐Ni martensitic steel to obtain extra high strength, low yield‐to‐tensile ratio, and extra high cryogenic toughness. A mixed microstructure composed of intercritical ferrite, tempered martensite, and Ni‐rich retained austenite (RA) is obtained under the QLT treatment process. The volume fraction of Ni‐rich RA is 13.6% in the QL655T sample. The QL655T sample has a yield strength of 915 MPa and tensile strength of 1080 MPa, leading to a lower yield‐to‐tensile ratio of 0.85. In addition, a total elongation to failure of 19.9% and Charpy impact toughness of 190 J at −196 °C are encouraging in comparison with the conventional counterparts. During tensile deforming, the blocky RA grains can transform easily with increasing strain, while the strain leads to rotations of the film‐like RA grains before the transformation. The RA grains with high thermal stability are attributed to the enrichment of Ni and the effect of size, which makes the ≈11.6% RA grains remain at −196 °C in the QL655T sample. During impact, the transformation‐induced plasticity (TRIP) effect of RA leads to the excellent cryogenic toughness of the QL655T sample.
Seismic behavior and damage assessment of concrete‐filled steel tube columns in diagrid structures
Authors: Wang Bin , Shi Qing‐Xuan , Cai Wen‐Zhe
Published: November 2021

Diagrid structures have become an innovative and attractive choice for high‐rise buildings due to their high rigidity and esthetic appearance. Inclined concrete‐filled steel tube (CFST) columns, as the main load‐carrying members of diagrid structures, are supposed to be subjected to axial tension and compression loads. However, few studies have investigated the seismic behavior and damage assessment of CFST columns under axial cyclic loading. This study presents experimental results for eight circular CFST columns under axial cyclic loading. Based on the observed damage evolution, a damage assessment model for CFST columns subjected to axial cyclic loading was developed using a nonlinear combination of stiffness degradation and hysteretic energy dissipation. The contributions of the maximum response and cyclic loading effects to the damage were specified by introducing combination coefficients, which can be determined from a proposed equation based on the aspect ratio and confinement index of the CFST columns. Finally, the corresponding relationships between the range of the damage index and the degree of damage of CFST columns under different performance levels were established, which can provide the necessary basis for economic loss assessment and repair of earthquake‐damaged diagrid structures.
Explaining artificial intelligence with visual analytics in healthcare
Authors: Ooge Jeroen , Stiglic Gregor , Verbert Katrien
Published: November 2021

To make predictions and explore large datasets, healthcare is increasingly applying advanced algorithms of artificial intelligence. However, to make well‐considered and trustworthy decisions, healthcare professionals require ways to gain insights in these algorithms' outputs. One approach is visual analytics, which integrates humans in decision‐making through visualizations that facilitate interaction with algorithms. Although many visual analytics systems have been developed for healthcare, a clear overview of their explanation techniques is lacking. Therefore, we review 71 visual analytics systems for healthcare, and analyze how they explain advanced algorithms through visualization, interaction, shepherding, and direct explanation. Based on our analysis, we outline research opportunities and challenges to further guide the exciting rapprochement of visual analytics and healthcare.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Health Care

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Explainable AI

Technologies > Visualization
Sensitivity to BSM effects in the Higgs pT spectrum within SMEFT
Authors: Battaglia Marco , Grazzini Massimiliano , Spira Michael , Wiesemann Marius
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The study of Higgs boson production at large transverse momentum is one of the new frontiers for the LHC Higgs physics programme. This paper considers boosted Higgs production in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We focus on the gluon fusion and t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

H production processes and study the effects of three dimension-6 operators: the top Yukawa operator, the gluon-Higgs effective coupling and the chromomagnetic dipole operator of the top quark. We perform a detailed study of the sensitivity of current and future LHC data to the corresponding Wilson coefficients, consistently accounting for their renormalisation group evolution. We compare the sensitivities obtained with only linear and linear + quadratic terms in the SMEFT by using the spectrum shape and the addition of the Higgs signal yields. We also consider fits of pT spectra in models with heavy-top partners and in MSSM scenarios with a light scalar top and study the validity of the SMEFT assumptions as a function of the new-particle masses and the Higgs pT range. Finally, we extract constraints on the Wilson coefficients for gluon fusion from a simultaneous fit to the ATLAS and CMS data and compare our results with those obtained in global SMEFT analyses.
Deletion of a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor, CsSMR1, leads to dwarf and determinate growth in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Li Shuai , Zhang Qiqi , Zhang Huimin , Wang Jie , Sun Jinjing , Yang Xueyong , Huang Sanwen , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: November 2021

Key message

A 7.9 kb deletion which contains a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor leads to determinate growth and dwarf phenotype in cucumber.

Plant architecture is a composite character which are mainly defined by shoot branching, internode elongation and shoot determinacy. Ideal architecture tends to increase the yield of plants, just like the case of “Green Revolution” increased by the application of semi-dwarf cereal crop varieties in 1960s. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is an important vegetable cultivated worldwide, and suitable architecture varieties were selected for different production systems. In this study, we obtained a novel dwarf mutant with strikingly shortened plant height and determinate growth habit. By bulked segregant analysis and map-based cloning, we delimited the dw2 locus to a 56.4 kb region which contain five genes. Among all the variations between WT and dw2 within the 56.4 kb region, a 7.9 kb deletion which resulted in complete deletion of CsaV3_5G035790 in dw2 was co-segregated with the dwarf phenotype. Haplotype analysis and gene expression analysis suggest that CsaV3_5G035790 encoding a cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (CsSMR1) be the candidate gene responsible for the dwarf phenotype in dw2. RNA-seq analysis shows that several kinesin-like proteins, cyclins and reported organ size regulators are expressed differentially between WT and dw2, which may account for the reduced organ size in dwarf plants. Additionally, the down-regulation of CsSTM and CsWOX9 in dw2 resulted in premature termination of shoot apical meristem development, which eventually reduces the internode number and plant height. Identification and characterization of the CsSMR1 provide a new insight into cucumber architecture modification to be applied to mechanized production system.
MLMT-CNN for object detection and segmentation in multi-layer and multi-spectral images
Authors: Almahasneh Majedaldein , Paiement Adeline , Xie Xianghua , Aboudarham Jean
Published: November 2021

Precisely localising solar Active Regions (AR) from multi-spectral images is a challenging but important task in understanding solar activity and its influence on space weather. A main challenge comes from each modality capturing a different location of the 3D objects, as opposed to typical multi-spectral imaging scenarios where all image bands observe the same scene. Thus, we refer to this special multi-spectral scenario as multi-layer. We present a multi-task deep learning framework that exploits the dependencies between image bands to produce 3D AR localisation (segmentation and detection) where different image bands (and physical locations) have their own set of results. Furthermore, to address the difficulty of producing dense AR annotations for training supervised machine learning (ML) algorithms, we adapt a training strategy based on weak labels (i.e. bounding boxes) in a recursive manner. We compare our detection and segmentation stages against baseline approaches for solar image analysis (multi-channel coronal hole detection, SPOCA for ARs) and state-of-the-art deep learning methods (Faster RCNN, U-Net). Additionally, both detection and segmentation stages are quantitatively validated on artificially created data of similar spatial configurations made from annotated multi-modal magnetic resonance images. Our framework achieves an average of 0.72 IoU (segmentation) and 0.90 F1 score (detection) across all modalities, comparing to the best performing baseline methods with scores of 0.53 and 0.58, respectively, on the artificial dataset, and 0.84 F1 score in the AR detection task comparing to baseline of 0.82 F1 score. Our segmentation results are qualitatively validated by an expert on real ARs.
Reaction-Driven Relaxation in Three-Dimensional Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes Interaction
Authors: Winkler Michael
Published: November 2021

The Keller–Segel–Navier–Stokes system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{rcll} n_t + u\cdot \nabla n &{}=&{} \Delta n - \chi \nabla \cdot (n\nabla c) + \rho n-\mu n^2,\\ c_t + u\cdot \nabla c &{}=&{} \Delta c-c+n, \\ u_t + (u\cdot \nabla )u &{}=&{} \Delta u + \nabla P + n \nabla \phi + f(x,t), \qquad \nabla \cdot u=0, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}$$

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)

is considered in a smoothly bounded convex domain $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^3$$

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⊂

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3

, with $$\phi \in W^{2,\infty }(\Omega )$$

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∈

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,
∞

(
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)

and $$f\in C^1(\bar{\Omega }\times [0,\infty );\mathbb {R}^3)$$

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∈

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0
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)

;

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, and with $$\chi >0, \rho \in \mathbb {R}$$

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>
0
,
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∈
R

and $$\mu >0$$

μ
>
0

. As recent literature has shown, for all reasonably mild initial data a corresponding no-flux/no-flux/Dirichlet initial-boundary value problem possesses a global generalized solution, but the knowledge on its regularity properties has not yet exceeded some information on fairly basic integrability features. The present study reveals that whenever $$\omega >0$$

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>
0

, requiring that $$\begin{aligned} \frac{\rho }{\min \{\mu ,\mu ^{\frac{3}{2}+\omega }\}} < \eta \end{aligned}$$

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min
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with some $$\eta =\eta (\omega )>0$$

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, and that f satisfies a suitable assumption on ultimate smallness, is sufficient to ensure that each of these generalized solutions becomes eventually smooth and classical. Furthermore, under these hypotheses ($$\star $$
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) is seen to admit an absorbing set with respect to the topology in $$L^\infty (\Omega )$$

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∞

(
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)

. By trivially applying to the case when $$\mu >0$$

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is arbitrary and $$\rho \le 0$$

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≤
0

, these results especially assert essentially unconditional statements on eventual regularity in taxis-reaction systems interacting with liquid environments, such as arising in contexts of models for broadcast spawning discussed in recent literature.
Preserved periprosthetic bone stock at 5 years post-operatively with uncemented short hip stem in both collared and collarless version
Authors: Belfrage Ola , Weber Erik , Sundberg Martin , Flivik Gunnar
Published: November 2021

Introduction

Previous bone density studies have generally shown bone resorption around both cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) stems. This is presumed to be due to stress shielding. Short stems have been introduced partly to preserve bone in the proximal femur by a more physiological loading of the bone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone remodeling around a short, fully hydroxyapatite-coated titanium stem that comes in a collared and collarless version.

Patients and methods

A prospective cohort of 50 patients included in a study evaluating the Furlong Evolution stem has been followed for 5 years. Examination was done with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) postoperatively, at 1, 2 and 5 years. Clinical outcome was followed with radiography and both general and hip specific outcome measures.

Results

The two versions of the stem behaved similarly regarding bone remodeling. After an initial decrease up to 1 year, bone mineral density (BMD) increased in all Gruen zones up to 2 years and at 5 years bone stock was still preserved compared with postoperatively (net BMD + 1.2% (95% CI − 0.4 to 2.8)). Increase in BMD occurred mainly in the greater trochanter and distally around the stem with a decrease in the calcar area. Both versions showed excellent clinical outcome up to 5 years.

Conclusion

This short stem seems to preserve proximal bone stock up to 5 years, exhibiting similar behaviour both with and without a collar.

Trial registration number and date of registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, (identifier: NCT01894854). July 10, 2013.
A pessimistic bilevel stochastic problem for elastic shape optimization
Authors: Burtscheidt Johanna , Claus Matthias , Conti Sergio , Rumpf Martin , Sassen Josua , Schultz Rüdiger
Published: November 2021

We consider pessimistic bilevel stochastic programs in which the follower maximizes over a fixed compact convex set a strictly convex quadratic function, whose Hessian depends on the leader’s decision. This results in a random upper level outcome which is evaluated by a convex risk measure. Under assumptions including real analyticity of the lower-level goal function, we prove the existence of optimal solutions. We discuss an alternate model, where the leader hedges against optimal lower-level solutions, and show that solvability can be guaranteed under weaker conditions in both, a deterministic and a stochastic setting. The approach is applied to a mechanical shape optimization problem in which the leader decides on an optimal material distribution to minimize a tracking-type cost functional, whereas the follower chooses forces from an admissible set to maximize a compliance objective. The material distribution is considered to be stochastically perturbed in the actual construction phase. Computational results illustrate the bilevel optimization concept and demonstrate the interplay of follower and leader in shape design and testing.
Abelian surfaces over totally real fields are potentially modular
Authors: Boxer George , Calegari Frank , Gee Toby , Pilloni Vincent
Published: November 2021

We show that abelian surfaces (and consequently curves of genus 2) over totally real fields are potentially modular. As a consequence, we obtain the expected meromorphic continuation and functional equations of their Hasse–Weil zeta functions. We furthermore show the modularity of infinitely many abelian surfaces $A$Aover ${\mathbf {Q}}$Qwith $\operatorname{End}_{ {\mathbf {C}}}A={\mathbf {Z}}$EndCA=Z. We also deduce modularity and potential modularity results for genus one curves over (not necessarily CM) quadratic extensions of totally real fields.
The June 2020 Aniangzhai landslide in Sichuan Province, Southwest China: slope instability analysis from radar and optical satellite remote sensing data
Authors: Xia Zhuge , Motagh Mahdi , Li Tao , Roessner Sigrid
Published: November 2021

A large, deep-seated ancient landslide was partially reactivated on 17 June 2020 close to the Aniangzhai village of Danba County in Sichuan Province of Southwest China. It was initiated by undercutting of the toe of this landslide resulting from increased discharge of the Xiaojinchuan River caused by the failure of a landslide dam, which had been created by the debris flow originating from the Meilong valley. As a result, 12 townships in the downstream area were endangered leading to the evacuation of more than 20000 people. This study investigated the Aniangzhai landslide area by optical and radar satellite remote sensing techniques. A horizontal displacement map produced using cross-correlation of high-resolution optical images from Planet shows a maximum horizontal motion of approximately 15 meters for the slope failure between the two acquisitions. The undercutting effects on the toe of the landslide are clearly revealed by exploiting optical data and field surveys, indicating the direct influence of the overflow from the landslide dam and water release from a nearby hydropower station on the toe erosion. Pre-disaster instability analysis using a stack of SAR data from Sentinel-1 between 2014 and 2020 suggests that the Aniangzhai landslide has long been active before the failure, with the largest annual LOS deformation rate more than 50 mm/yr. The 3-year wet period that followed a relative drought year in 2016 resulted in a 14% higher average velocity in 2018–2020, in comparison to the rate in 2014–2017. A detailed analysis of slope surface kinematics in different parts of the landslide indicates that temporal changes in precipitation are mainly correlated with kinematics of motion at the head part of the failure body, where an accelerated creep is observed since spring 2020 before the large failure. Overall, this study provides an example of how full exploitation of optical and radar satellite remote sensing data can be used for a comprehensive analysis of destabilization and reactivation of an ancient landslide in response to a complex cascading event chain in the transition zone between the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin.
Taiwanese primary school teachers’ perceived enablers for and barriers to the integration of children’s literature in mathematics teaching and learning
Authors: Yang Der Ching , Sianturi Iwan Andi Jonri , Chen Chia Huang , Su Yi-Wen , Trakulphadetkrai Natthapoj Vincent
Published: November 2021

This study is part of the international survey studies on teachers’ beliefs concerning the integration of children’s literature in mathematics teaching and learning, and this paper reports the findings of the thematic analysis of open-ended survey responses elicited from 287 primary school teachers and teacher trainees in Taiwan. Using the seminal social psychology theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour (Ajzen in Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211, 1991) to frame the findings, this study highlights 11 perceived barriers and 11 perceived enablers that are thought to influence the teachers’ intention to integrate children’s literature in their mathematics teaching. More specifically, we identified time constraint, lack of pedagogical knowledge and confidence, and resource constraint as being the most-cited perceived barriers, while pedagogical benefits, desire to improve teaching, and enabling social norms were identified as the top perceived enablers. Ultimately, this article offers several recommendations to address some of these key perceived barriers.
CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein Homologous Protein (CHOP) Deficiency Attenuates Heatstroke-Induced Intestinal Injury
Authors: Cao Yan , Fan Maiying , Pei Yanfang , Su Lei , Xiao Weiwei , Chen Fang , Huang Jie , Liu Xiehong , Gu Zhengtao , Zhang Zhongwei , Yuan Fangfang , Jiang Yu , Han Xiaotong
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The intestine is one of the main target organs involved in the pathological process of heatstroke. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. This study aimed to explore the role of CHOP in heatstroke-induced intestinal injury and potential therapy. An in vitro heat stress (HS) model using Caco-2 cells was employed. We observed the role of CHOP in apoptosis-mediated intestinal epithelial cell injury secondary to HS by evaluating cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, apoptosis levels, and GRP78, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, Bcl-2, and BAX mRNA and protein expression. To further study the role of CHOP in HS-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, we assessed transepithelial electrical resistance, paracellular tracer flux, ultrastructure of tight junctions, and protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin. Male wild-type mice and CHOP knockout mice were used for in vivo experiments. We evaluated serum d-lactate and diamine oxidase levels, histopathological changes, intestinal ultrastructure, and ZO-1 and occludin protein expression. HS activated the PERK-CHOP pathway and promoted apoptosis by upregulating BAX and downregulating Bcl-2; these effects were prevented by CHOP silencing. Intestinal epithelial barrier function was disrupted by HS in vitro and in vivo. CHOP silencing prevented intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells, whereas CHOP knockout mice exhibited decreased intestinal mucosal injury. The ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) prevented HS-induced intestinal injury in vitro and in vivo. This study indicated that CHOP deficiency attenuates heatstroke-induced intestinal injury and may contribute to the identification of a novel therapy against heatstroke associated with the ER stress pathway.
Control System Architecture for Automatic Recovery of Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in a Moving Arrest System
Authors: Gryte Kristoffer , Sollie Martin L. , Johansen Tor Arne
Published: November 2021

Automatic recovery is an important step in enabling fully autonomous missions using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) operating from ships or other moving platforms. However, automatic recovery in moving arrest systems is only briefly studied in the research literature, and is not yet an option when using low-cost, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) autopilots. Acknowledging the reliability and low cost of COTS avionics, this paper adds recovery functionality as a modular extension based on non-intrusive additions to an autopilot with very general assumptions on its interface. This is achieved by line-of-sight guidance, which sends an augmented desired position to the autopilot, to ensure line-following along a virtual runway that guides the UAV into the arrest system. The translation and rotation of this line is determined by the pose of the arrest system, determined using two Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers, where one is configured as a Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) base station. The relative position of the UAV and arrest system is also precisely estimated using RTK GNSS. Through extensive field testing, on two different fixed-wing UAVs, the system has shown its performance and reliability; 43 recovery attempts in a stationary net hit 0.01 ± 0.25m to the right and 0.07 ± 0.20m below the target in calm conditions. Further, 15 recoveries in a barge-mounted, ship-towed net hit 0.06 ± 0.53m to the right and 0.98 ± 0.27m below the target in winds up to 4 m/s. The remaining error is largely systematic, caused by communication delays, and could be reduced with more integral effect or through direct compensation.
Wild and Rare Self-Incompatibility Allele S17 Found in 24 Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Cultivars
Authors: Kivistik Agnes , Jakobson Liina , Kahu Kersti , Laanemets Kristiina
Published: November 2021

The pollination of self-incompatible diploid sweet cherry is determined by the S-locus alleles. We resolved the S-alleles of 50 sweet cherry cultivars grown in Estonia and determined their incompatibility groups, which were previously unknown for most of the tested cultivars. We used consensus primers SI-19/20, SI-31/32, PaConsI, and PaConsII followed by allele-specific primers and sequencing to identify sweet cherry S-genotypes. Surprisingly, 48% (24/50) of the tested cultivars, including 17 Estonian cultivars, carry the rare S-allele S17, which had initially been described in wild sweet cherries in Belgium and Germany. The S17-allele in Estonian cultivars could originate from ‘Leningradskaya tchernaya’ (S6|S17), which has been extensively used in Estonian sweet cherry breeding. Four studied cultivars carrying S17 are partly self-compatible, whereas the other 20 cultivars with S17 have not been reported to be self-compatible. The recommended pollinator of seven self-incompatible sweet cherries is of the same S-genotype, including four with S17-allele, suggesting heritable reduced effectiveness of self-infertility. We classified the newly genotyped sweet cherry cultivars into 15 known incompatibility groups, and we proposed four new incompatibility groups, 64–67, for S-locus genotypes S3|S17, S4|S17, S5|S17, and S6|S17, respectively, which makes them excellent pollinators all across Europe. Alternatively, the frequency of S17 might be underestimated in Eastern European populations and some currently unidentified sweet cherry S-alleles might potentially be S17.