bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Concealed penis: A review of multilevel classification and surgical reconstruction techniques
Authors: Xiang Bo‐yu , Peng Jing‐xuan , Shang Xue‐jun , Zu Xiong‐bing , Li Dong‐jie
Published: January 2025

Concealed penis (CP), also known as hidden or buried penis, is an external genital deformity in which a normal‐sized penis is covered by skin, subcutaneous tissue or fat tissue in the prepubic area, leading to abnormal exposure. This condition has significant morbidity and a negative effect on certain aspects of the patient's quality of life, including but not limited to hygiene, micturition, self‐image and sexual function. Current classification systems for CP are heterogeneous, but most of these further classify CP based on their division into congenital concealed penis (CCP) and adult‐acquired buried penis (AABP). The aetiology and pathogenesis of this disease are understood to some extent, but the specific underlying mechanisms need further research. Although conservative treatment may be effective for some children with CCP, surgical intervention is still the main treatment for other children with CCP and AABP. There is no ‘gold standard’ surgical treatment for CP, but there are various surgical methods available; therefore, individualized surgical plans should be created after a comprehensive evaluation based on the classification and aetiology of CP patients.
Quantification of Difference in Nonselectivity Between In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices
Authors: Fauskanger Pernille Kjeilen , Sandberg Sverre , Johansen Jesper , Keller Thomas , Budd Jeffrey , Miller W. Greg , Stavelin Anne , Delatour Vincent , Panteghini Mauro , Støve Bård
Published: January 2025

Correct measurement results from in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical devices (MD) are crucial for optimal patient care. The performance of IVD‐MDs is often assessed through method comparison studies. Such studies can be compromised by the influence of various factors. The effect of these factors must be examined in every method comparison study, for example, nonselectivity differences between compared IVD‐MDs are examined. Historically, selectivity or nonselectivity has been defined as a qualitative term. However, a quantification of nonselectivity differences between IVD‐MDs is needed. This paper fills this need by introducing a novel measure for quantifying differences in nonselectivity (DINS) between a pair of IVD‐MDs. Assuming one of the IVD‐MDs involved in the comparison exhibits high selectivity for the analyte, it becomes feasible to quantify nonselectivity in the other IVD‐MD by employing this DINS measure. Our approach leverages elements from univariate ordinary least squares regression and incorporates repeatability IVD‐MD variances, resulting in a normalized measure. We also introduce a plug‐in estimator for this measure, which is notably linked to the average relative increase in prediction interval widths attributable to DINS. This connection is exploited to establish a criterion for identifying excessive DINS utilizing a proof‐of‐hazard approach. Utilizing Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate how the estimator relates to population characteristics like DINS and heteroskedasticity. We find that DINS impacts the mean, variance, and 99th percentile of the estimator, while heteroskedasticity affects only the latter two, and to a considerably smaller extent compared to DINS. Importantly, the size of the study design modulates these effects. We also confirm, when using clinical data, that DINS between pairs of IVD‐MDs influence the estimator correspondingly to those of simulated data. Thus, the proposed estimator serves as an effective metric for quantifying DINS between IVD‐MDs and helping to determine the quality of a method comparison study.
Seasonal Variability of Bioluminescence and Abundance of the Dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans in the Arabian Sea
Authors: Piontkovski Sergey A. , Al‐Lawati Hajir M. , Al‐Hashmi Khalid A. , Melnik Alexandr V.
Published: January 2025

Bioluminescence is a functional property used by many marine organisms for multilateral communications. In the Arabian Sea, the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans (Macartney) Kofoid and Swezy, 1921, contributes gradually to the bioluminescent potential (BP) of the phytoplankton community. Experiments, field sampling, and remote sensing were employed, to estimate the seasonal variation of the BP and the abundance of cells in the northwestern Arabian Sea. An experimental setup for BP measurements integrated a “Chelsea Instruments” GlowTracka sensor, which required ~5 N. scintillans cells to obtain a statistically robust signal. Plankton were sampled with 200‐μm mesh size nets, in the upper mixed layer. Also, N. scintillans cells were counted in Niskin bottle samples collected from the deep chlorophyll maximum. The remotely sensed chlorophyll‐a concentration was analyzed, for the period from 2000 to 2022. A positive linear relationship between the abundance of N. scintillans cells in experiments and their BP was elucidated. Peaks of BP in experiments fit the Northeast and Southwest Monsoon periods and so did the N. scintillans abundance peaks in situ. These findings showed that BP may serve as an indicator of N. scintillans abundance and biomass in the northwestern Arabian Sea.
Simultaneous Eco‐Friendly Spectrofluorometric Estimation of Itraconazole and Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical and Biological Matrices
Authors: Bakr Engy Attaa , Zeid Abdallah M. , Shalan Shereen M. , El‐Shabrawy Yasser
Published: January 2025

A rapid, facile, and green spectrofluorometric method was developed for the concurrent precise estimation of itraconazole and ibuprofen. The developed method involved the use of Tween‐80 micelle as a green sample matrix for the efficient assay of the analytes of interest. Besides the greenness of Tween‐80, it significantly enhanced the native fluorescence of itraconazole by about 450%. The spectrofluorometric measurements of studied analytes were conducted in a 1% Tween‐80 micellar medium at 370 nm for itraconazole and 288 nm for ibuprofen, following an excitation at 260 nm for both drugs. The fluorescent intensity–concentration relationships for both drugs were linear within the concentration ranges of 30–400 ng mL−1 for itraconazole and 300–5000 ng mL−1 for ibuprofen, showing high correlation coefficient values. The method exhibited high precision, with quantitation limits of 13.3 ng mL−1 for itraconazole and 260.6 ng mL−1 for ibuprofen. Successful application to commercial tablet formulations demonstrated the method's accuracy and sensitivity. Validation per ICH guidelines confirmed its effectiveness for quantifying the drugs in spiked human plasma, achieving high recovery rates. Furthermore, an evaluation of the method's environmental impact using GAPI and analytical Eco‐Scale metrics confirmed its eco‐friendliness.
Interfacial stabilization of lithium metal anodes in propylene carbonate electrolytes with tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite
Authors: Kim Dagyo , Heo Ji Seong , Kim Youngkwon , Yim Taeeun
Published: January 2025

Although lithium (Li) metal is considered a next‐generation material owing to its high theoretical capacity, several challenges restrict its use, such as rapid dendrite formation and continuous decomposition of the electrolyte at the interfaces. In this regard, we propose tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSP) as an effective additive for stabilizing Li metal anodes in the presence of propylene carbonate (PC) solvent. Incorporating the TMSP additive into PC‐based electrolytes provides a highly stable and robust interface at the Li anode because the TMSP additive facilitates the formation of LiSiOx and LixPOyFz‐based solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) at the Li anode. These stable TMSP‐derived SEI layers inhibit the uneven dendritic Li growth at the anode interface, effectively preventing further decomposition of the PC‐based electrolyte. In Li/NCM622 cells, the TMSP‐P‐SE exhibited stable cycling retention after 100 cycles (72.3%), whereas the P‐SE revealed a drastic decrease in cycling retention after only 10 cycles. These results indicate that the SEI formed on the Li anode in the presence of TMSP effectively inhibits parasitic reactions, thereby enhancing cycling retention significantly.
Identification of the Pharmacological Components and Its Targets of Sanghuang by Integration of Nontarget Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis
Authors: Lu Hengqian , Zhang Jintao , Wang Yongzhong
Published: January 2025

The objective of this study is to comprehensively to identify the core pharmacological components and their respective targets of three medicinal fungi Sanghuangs including Sanghuangporus vaninii (SV), Sanghuangporus lonicericola (SL), and Inonotus hispidus (IH). Metabolomics analysis indicated that a total of 495 and 660 differential metabolites were obtained in mycelium and fermentation broth samples among three Sanghuangs, respectively. The network pharmacology analysis showed that 6‐[1]‐ladderane hexanol, R‐nostrenol, candidone, ellagic acid, and quercetin were the overlapping active ingredients of three Sanghuang species for diabetes mellitus, immune system disease, and neoplasm. Certonardosterol A, dalamid, and ethylene brassylate are unique active ingredients in SV, and certonardosterol K, kaempferide, and esculetin are unique active ingredients in SL. Asbestinine, neoandrographolide, isosakuranetin, and daucosterin are unique active ingredients in IH. Accordingly, the common core targets of active ingredients of the three Sanghuangs were ESR1, PIK3CA, and LYN. PRKCA, EGFR, and STAT3 were the unique targets of SV, SL, and IH, respectively. The primary active components and their respective targets, in addition to the component–target interaction of Sanghuangs that have been identified in the present study, provide a foundation for future research on the prevention and treatment of disease using Sanghuangs.
Pharmacokinetic Study of Ginkgolide B in Dog After Intravenous Administration
Authors: Li Li , Yu Dan , Sun Wen‐Fei , Jin Qi‐Zhong , Chang Xing‐Jie , Shi Qian
Published: January 2025

Ginkgolide B (GB) is the main active ginkgolide in Ginkgo biloba leaves extract. Pharmacological study suggested that GB exhibits protective effect on nervous system impaired and can be used in the treatment of dementia, cerebral insufficiency or related cognitive decline. However, the information on pharmacokinetics of GB in vivo was limited. In this study, a sensitive LC–MS/MS analytical method was developed to accurately determinate the concentration of GB in dog plasma and applied to the pharmacokinetic study of GB in dogs after bolus injection of GB. A portion of 100 μL dog plasma was pretreated by liquid–liquid extraction using 1 mL of ethyl acetate. The GB and IS were separated on a Waters ACQUITY HSS T3 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. Multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for quantitative analysis of GB and tolbutamide (internal standard) in negative electrospray ionization. GB showed excellent linearity with correlation coefficient >  0.99 over the concentration range of 1–5000 ng/mL. The intra and interday RSD% were less than 7.4%, while the RE% ranged from −6.1% to 9.6%. The mean extraction recovery was >  83.1%. The validated method was further successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of GB in dog plasma. Dose‐proportional pharmacokinetics of GB were observed after bolus injection administration in dogs. This comprehensive study of the pharmacokinetics of GB in dogs will provide useful information for its further development in clinic.
Recent Advances in Enantiorecognition and Enantioseparation Techniques of Chiral Molecules in the Pharmaceutical Field
Authors: Barman Kuladip , Islam Md Mustahidul , Das Km Supriya , Singh Neha , Priya Sakshi , Kurmi Balak Das , Patel Preeti
Published: January 2025

Enantioseparation and enantiorecognition are crucial in the pharmaceutical analysis of chiral substances, impacting safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. Enantioseparation refers to the process of separating enantiomers from a mixture, typically achieved through chromatography techniques like HPLC and SFC. In contrast, enantiorecognition involves the identification of enantiomers based on their interaction with a chiral selector without the need for separation. Recent advancements in these techniques have significantly improved enantioseparation efficiency and resolution. Chiral stationary phases (CSPs) have evolved, offering better selectivity, including hybrid organic–inorganic materials and miniaturization. The use of green solvents has also reduced environmental impact. Non‐chromatographic methods, such as circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, enable enantiorecognition through interactions with polarized light or chiral solvents. However, these methods face challenges, including high costs, limited solvent compatibility, and shorter operational lifespans compared with chromatographic techniques. Recent developments in solvent‐tolerant hybrid CSPs aim to address these limitations. This review highlights these innovations, focusing on their relevance to the pharmaceutical industry, pollution control, and quality assurance, and emphasizes the growing importance of these techniques in the production and regulation of chiral drugs.
Circulating CD3+CD8+ T Lymphocytes as Indicators of Disease Status in Patients With Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Han‐Kun , Chen Yi‐Ling , Chung Wei‐Pang , Loh Zhu‐Jun , Lee Kuo‐Ting , Hsu Hui‐Ping
Published: January 2025

Background

Identifying breast cancer markers with superior sensitivity, cost‐effectiveness, and practicality is imperative. Circulating immune cells and plasma cytokines hold promise as potential breast cancer markers.

Aims

To search and validate subtype of circulating immune cells and plasma cytokines as biomarkers for breast cancer patients.

Materials & Methods

Using flow cytometry, we investigated circulating immune cell profiles in patients with breast cancer and healthy controls. To validate clinical observations, an orthotopic breast cancer model was established.

Results

We analyzed 19 healthy controls and 27 patients (22 testing group and 5 validation group) with breast cancer and revealed distinct populations, including CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs; CD3+CD8+), polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (PMN‐MDSCs), and monocytic (M)‐myeloid‐derived suppressive cells. Patients with breast cancer exhibited reduced CD3+CD4+ T lymphocyte, CD3+CD8+ CTL, and CD33+CD15− M‐MDSC levels compared with healthy controls. Diminished CD3+CD8+ CTL levels correlated with advanced cancer grade, extensive intraductal components, and positive lymphatic tumor emboli. Treatment effects included decreased T lymphocyte/PMN‐MDSC levels, contrasting with elevated circulating CD3+CD8+ cell levels posttreatment, subsequently declining upon recurrence in the validation group. Elevated plasma chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) levels distinguished patients with breast cancer from healthy controls. Our orthotopic model supported decreased circulating CD3+CD8+ CTL levels in cancer‐bearing mice, followed by a postresection increase.

Discussion

We found that circulating CD3+CD8+ CTL levels decreased in patients with breast cancer, increased after treatment, and decreased again upon recurrence.

Conclusion

Circulating CD3+CD8+ CTL emerged as promising prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer management.
Haven schools: A pilot evaluation of a school‐based programme to reduce anxiety in young people
Authors: Grohmann Dominique , Banham Claire , Mengoni Silvana , Wellsted David , Irvine Karen
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to conduct a pilot evaluation of a novel six‐week school‐based intervention (‘Haven Schools’) on young people's psychological wellbeing.

Methods

One hundred and forty‐one students (ages 12–16 years) from 11 schools in England attended up to six sessions of the intervention at their school during the day. Psychological wellbeing was evaluated at each session using the overall score on the Young Person's Core‐10 (YP CORE‐10) outcome measure, and anxiety and self‐harm were evaluated using individual questions in the YP CORE‐10.

Results

Participants' psychological wellbeing was significantly better at their last session compared to their first session. Anxiety and thoughts of self‐harm were also significantly lower in last sessions compared to first sessions. Attendance was good, with 64% attending at least four sessions (M = 3.99 sessions attended).

Conclusions

The Haven Schools programme appears to have promising initial results; however, further investigation using a control group and longer‐term follow up are warranted.

Patient Consent Statement

This was an analysis of secondary data used to evaluate the programme, and therefore did not fall within the remit required for ethical review. Each school managed the issue of parental consent differently depending on their own rules. One school felt that it was not necessary to get parental consent as they felt it could be a barrier to some young people attending as they may not want their parents to know. However, most schools sent parents of students who indicated an interest an information letter, and asked parents to email the school with consent.
Hydroxytyrosol‐Rich Olive Mill Wastewater, a Potential Protector Against Dyslipidemia, Diabetes, and Diabetic Retinopathy in Psammomys obesus
Authors: Achour Oumaima , Haffani Yosr Z. , Mbarek Sihem , Hammami Oumayma , Feki Monssef , Zemmel Ayachi , Picaud Serge , Boudhrioua Nourhène , Chaouacha‐Chekir Rafika Ben
Published: January 2025

Olive mill wastewater (OMWW), a byproduct of olive oil extraction, constitutes a natural resource of phenolic compounds. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the predominant compound, was reported to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. This research aims to evaluate the effect of OMWW bioproduct rich in HT on retinal glial function, glutamate metabolism, and synaptic transmission alterations mediated by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in high‐calorie diet (HCD)‐induced diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Psammomys obesus. Animals were divided into four groups. Two diabetic animal groups (D) received an HCD, one untreated (D) and another receiving HT‐OMWW treatment (20 mg/kg body weight: bw) (D+); the two other groups were used as controls (C and C+). During 7 months, food and water intake, body weight, glycemia, hematocrit, and serum lipid parameters were assessed. At 3, 5, and advanced 7 months of DR, immunohistochemical studies were performed to identify key proteins implicated in the protection of DR. HT‐OMWW has anti‐obesity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Its long‐term administration attenuates retinal glial reactivity, microglia number, changes in glutamate homeostasis, and synaptic function in diabetic animals with retinopathy. These results suggest that HT‐OMWW extract seems to have promising in vivo anti‐diabetic, anti‐dyslipidemic, and neuroprotective effects in P. obesus, a model of DR‐like humans.
Percutaneous Closure of Sub‐Annular Rupture Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Complicated by Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Faroux Laurent , Urena‐Alcazar Marina , Villecourt Aurélien , Boyer Fanny
Published: January 2025

Aortic annular rupture is a rare and usually fatal complication of TAVR. We report the case of a sub‐annular aortic rupture contained in the right ventricle and percutaneously repaired. The procedure was complicated by new‐onset severe tricuspid regurgitation related to tricuspid injury during wire externalization and immediately treated by transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair.
Rare Case of Giant Proliferating Trichilemmal Tumor Behind Left Shoulder: A Case Report
Authors: Riaz Abdul Ahad , Naseer Faisal , Khan Allahdad , Sheikh Muhammad Asjad , Malik Linta , Kamal Aseel , Malik Anam
Published: January 2025

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare, benign adnexal tumor of hair follicles that commonly mimics malignancy. Excellent outcomes can be achieved with early surgical excision. Delayed presentations—as in this giant shoulder PTT—are made possible, in part, by patient education and healthcare accessibility in low‐resource settings.
Absent Pericardium Causing Extreme Levoposition in a Child
Authors: Rorris Filippos‐Paschalis , Tsoutsinos Alexandros , Kanakis Meletios
Published: January 2025

During surgical repair of congenital heart defects, surgeons often come across anomalies that might not have been adequately illustrated in preoperative imaging. In this case image, we describe the absence of pericardium which was discovered during surgical repair of a sinus venosus defect in a small child.
Coal Worker's Pneumoconiosis Mimicking Lung Cancer in a 75‐Year‐Old Woman With a History of Breast Cancer: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Pakbaz Yeganeh , Moodi Farzan
Published: January 2025

Pneumoconiosis, caused by inhaling mineral dust, remains a significant occupational disease, despite a declining incidence. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), a common subtype, varies in presentation from simple to complicated forms. Differential diagnosis is crucial, especially when CWP manifests as lung masses mimicking malignancy. We present a case of CWP in a 75‐year‐old female with a history of breast cancer, initially suspected of lung cancer due to an incidental mass on chest radiography. Clinical examination, laboratory tests, chest tomography, and biopsy were conducted. The patient, with a history of biomass fuel exposure, presented with a left upper lung mass, initially thought to be lung cancer. Biopsy‐induced hemopneumothorax led to intensive care admission. Histopathology confirmed CWP and conservative management resulted in recovery. Imaging revealed a solid mass in the left upper lung with lymphadenopathy. Histopathology showed carbon‐laden macrophages and anthracosis, consistent with CWP. Imaging modalities, including MRI and FDG‐PET/CT, aid in differentiating CWP from cancer. CWP, mimicking lung cancer, underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis. Imaging features, including nodules with calcifications, guide diagnosis. MRI and FDG‐PET/CT offer valuable insights, albeit with limitations, emphasizing the need for judicious use based on clinical suspicion.
Herpetic Meningoencephalitis Complicating the Resection of a Vestibular Schwannoma: A Case Report
Authors: Houdu Jérôme , Barron Maxime , Civit Thierry , Parietti‐Winkler Cécile
Published: January 2025

After surgery involving cranial nerves and more generally the central nervous system, nonbacterial meningitis should raise suspicion of herpes simplex virus type 1 reactivation. No time should be wasted in diagnosis and treatment; therefore, a polymerase chain reaction testing on cerebrospinal fluid should be systematic in this situation, without neglecting to consider other differential diagnoses.
Extracranial Thrombosed Vertebral Aneurysm Associated Neurofibromatosis Type1 Treated by Neuroendovascular Coil Embolization: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sano Kenshi , Kuge Atsushi , Kondo Rei , Yamaki Tetsu , Nakamura Kazuki , Saito Shinjiro , Sonoda Yukihiko
Published: January 2025

A 46‐year‐old NF1 patient with sudden visual disturbance had a thrombotic vertebral artery aneurysm causing cerebral infarction. Endovascular internal trapping was performed successfully, with complete recovery and no neurological deficits. Although this is a rare case, it suggests that endovascular therapy could be successful for vascular lesions complicated by NF1.
Undetermined Ruptured Low‐Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Following High‐Energy Blunt Abdominal Trauma Requiring Emergency Laparotomy
Authors: Matsuo Ippei , Yumoto Tetsuya , Tsuji Akari , Tanabe Ryo , Matsumura Toshihisa , Shimabara Mikoto , Akai Masaaki , Takagi Shoji , Naito Hiromichi , Nakao Atsunori
Published: January 2025

Blunt abdominal trauma causing intraperitoneal injury and/or bleeding can be life‐threatening, requiring immediate intervention. Diagnosing these cases can be challenging, especially when pre‐existing conditions are involved. Low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm (LAMN) is a rare tumor of the appendix that can lead to pseudomyxoma peritonei. Herein, we present a case of ruptured LAMN following blunt abdominal trauma after a high‐energy head‐on collision, complicating the differentiation from other intraperitoneal injuries. A 42‐year‐old Japanese female was brought to our hospital following high‐energy head‐on collision. She presented with stable vital signs, complaining of anterior chest pain and abdominal tenderness without peritoneal irritation. Computed tomography scans indicated multiple fractures in her chest and complex fluid around the Douglas fossa extending to the ileocecal area, with a slightly dilated appendix tip. Despite stable vitals, emergency laparotomy was needed for suspected peritonitis and/or intraperitoneal hemorrhage. Emergency laparotomy revealed yellowish, jelly‐like ascites and a ruptured appendiceal tumor. LAMN was suspected, and the appendix was completely resected, with cytoreductive surgery carefully performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of LAMN. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on Day 13 and referred for further LAMN management. This case report highlights the diagnostic difficulties of LAMN rupture following blunt abdominal trauma, stressing the need to consider rare conditions like LAMN in differential diagnoses of acute abdomen posttrauma.
Learnings From the Co‐Development of Priority Risks in Australia's First National Climate Risk Assessment
Authors: Lin Brenda B. , Fleming Aysha , Romanach Lygia , Boulaire Fanny A. , Capon Tim , Po Murni , Cook Stephen , Darbyshire Rebecca , Bluhm Sonia , Barnett Guy
Published: January 2025

Australia's first National Climate Risk Assessment is built on the latest science as well as learnings from other countries’ national risk assessments. The goal of the risk assessment was to identify the priority risks of climate change to Australia as a nation. Due to timeline obligations, this process needed to be completed in 4 months, a considerably shorter timeframe than other national climate risk assessments. In this paper, the authors share learnings from the process of implementing the first pass of Australia's National Climate Risk Assessment, which brought together more than 240 stakeholders across eight systems to co‐develop a set of national priority risks. These learnings are used to provide recommendations and advice for working at the national scale and within short timeframes. First, a rapid climate risk assessment can bring together a significant diversity and range of stakeholders to engage in a national process and provide a broad perspective of the priorities that should be pursued. Second, the design of the process can provide multiple opportunities to iterate through drafts of risks in rapid succession. Third, bringing stakeholders into discussion across systems can increase understanding of how risks are connected and how future work could be pursued across systems for more effective risk management and adaptation planning. Our learnings help inform how future climate risk assessments can embrace the complexity of systemic risks and highlight the importance of building stakeholder networks to support both the risk assessment process and the adaptation work that follows.
Treatment patterns and outcomes in secondary acute myeloid leukemia arising after hypomethylating agents: PETHEMA registry study
Authors: Lloret‐Madrid Pilar , Boluda Blanca , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Bergua Juan , Rodriguez Arboli Eduardo , Labrador Jorge , Sossa Claudia , Gil Cristina , Algarra Lorenzo , Lavilla‐Rubira Esperanza , Serrano Josefina , de Rueda Beatriz , Ibañez Francisco , González González Bernardo J. , Amigo María Luz , García Belmonte Daniel , Rodríguez‐Medina Carlos , Gómez‐Roncero María I. , Colorado Mercedes , López Lorenzo José L. , Tormo Mar , Arce Fernández Olga , Cano‐Ferri Isabel , Solana‐Altabella Antonio , Foncillas Maria‐Angeles , Alfonso Pierola Ana , Vives Susana , Núñez Marta Valero , López‐Vidal Hernán , Pérez‐Santaolalla Esther , Hermosín Ramos Lourdes , García Boyero Raimundo , Llorente González Laura , Roldán Alicia , Calderón Soledad Casado , Infante Joana Brioso , Olave Teresa , García‐Suárez Julio , de Laiglesia Almudena , Rodríguez‐Veiga Rebeca , Trigo Fernanda , Martínez‐Cuadrón David , Montesinos Pau
Published: January 2025

Background

Patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia who previously received hypomethylating agents for prior myeloid neoplasms (HMA‐sAML) face a dismal prognosis.

Methods

The authors analyze the characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes of patients with HMA‐sAML from the Programa Español para el Tratamiento de Hemopatías Malignas (PETHEMA) registry.

Results

A total of 479 patients were included, mostly from prior myelodysplastic syndrome (84%). Frontline therapy consisted of intensive chemotherapy (IC) in 31%, low‐dose cytarabine‐based in 19%, supportive care and clinical trial 17% each, and HMA‐based therapy in 12% and 4% in venetoclax‐based regimen. Complete remission was achieved in 95 patients (27%), with higher rate among IC and venetoclax‐based groups (44% and 41%, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) was 4.93 months, with 7.68 months for IC patients, 7.82 months after HMA monotherapy, and 4.66 months after venetoclax‐based regimens. Patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in first remission (n = 33, 9%) had a better survival outcome (median OS not reached). Multivariate analyses identified age (≥65 years), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group >2, higher white blood cell count, and adverse risk cytogenetic as adverse prognostic factors, whereas NPM1 mutation was a favorable factor.

Conclusions

Patients with HMA‐sAML have a poor prognosis and suboptimal outcomes with conventional treatments, including BCL2 inhibitors, highlighting the need for clinical trials targeting this population.
Understanding the experience of Latinas in medical education: A qualitative study
Authors: Geiger Gabriella , Revette Anna , Nava‐Coulter Brett , Kiel Lauren , Kaufman Rebekah , Morabito Angela , Horiguchi Miki , Martinez‐Aceves Celia , Meza Kelly , Fakorede Olayinka , Christophers Briana , Orellana Priscilla , Pinzon Maria Mora , Lubner Sam J. , Florez Narjust
Published: January 2025

Background

Despite increased recruitment of Latina medical students, the percentage of Latina physicians has remained stagnant, suggesting unique retentive barriers affecting this population. Discriminatory experiences involving bias may contribute to difficulties in the retention and advancement of Latinas in medicine. This qualitative analysis aimed to explore thematic barriers prevalent among Latinas throughout their medical training in the United States.

Methods

An anonymous online survey was distributed to Latinas in the continental United States from June 22 to August 12, 2022. Eligibility criteria included self‐identifying as Hispanic/Latina, female/woman, and being currently enrolled in or graduated from medical school, residency, or fellowship in the United States in the past 10 years. Content and thematic analyses were done on 602 responses across seven open‐ended survey questions.

Results

Data were categorized into three main themes: (1) barriers stemming from limited social, cultural, and financial capital; (2) experiences of discrimination, bias, and perceptions of being undervalued; and (3) burdens resulting in notable mental health challenges such as depression and anxiety. Many women questioned their place in medicine throughout training and the value of the sacrifice and trauma endured.

Conclusion

This is the first qualitative study evaluating the experiences of Latinas throughout medical training, revealing that they experience disproportionate barriers and discriminatory experiences from both colleagues and patients. Despite calls to enhance institutional climates of diversity, there continues to be an acute need for the reform of medical education to promote an inclusive culture and provide adequate mentorship to marginalized trainees.
A prospective study on diagnostic accuracy of technology‐enabled early detection of oral cancer and epidemiology of tobacco and other substances use in rural India
Authors: Khanna Divya , Mishra Aseem , Birur Praveen , Shruti Tulika , Gurushanth Keerthi , Mukhia Nirza , Pathak Ruchi , Gurmeet Singh Arjun , Shetty Anupama , Pradhan Satyajit , Chaturvedi Pankaj
Published: January 2025

Background

Lip and oral cavity cancer is leading cause of cancer mortality among Indian men. This study evaluated diagnostic accuracy of mobile health (mHealth) enabled screening for early detection of oral premalignant lesions or oral cancer (OPML/OC). It also described epidemiology of tobacco and other substance use and associated oral lesions in rural northern India.

Methods

A prospective study enrolled 10,101 high‐risk individuals from rural settings of Varanasi district, India, between February 2021 and June 2023. Trained field workers captured habits information and oral cavity images and provided screening as suspicious or nonsuspicious on mHealth. Onsite experts and remote specialists provided clinical diagnoses. Diagnostic accuracy of mHealth‐enabled screening was evaluated. A subset of 252 participants was followed to assess changes in oral lesions.

Results

Prevalence of substance use was 55.7%, with 21.4% having OPML/OC. Sensitivity of field workers and remote diagnosis for detecting OPML/OC was moderate when compared with onsite expert. Overall, interobserver agreement was substantial. During follow‐up, the remote specialists identified 30 new and 13 progressive lesions with a significant decline in the red mean parameter of red, green, and blue colour ratios.

Conclusion

Although mHealth‐enabled screening demonstrated lower sensitivity in detecting OPML/OC, their high specificity and expanded access to screening positions mHealth as a valuable tool for improving oral cancer screening coverage in Varanasi. This is particularly crucial given the high burden of oral cancer driven by prevalent smokeless tobacco and areca nut use and the current lack of effective population‐based screening programs in this region.
Favorable transplantation outcome of patients with de novo chronic myeloid leukemia in blast phase (lymphoid and myeloid)
Authors: Sasaki Koji
Published: January 2025

In patients with de novo chronic myelocytic leukemia in blast phase (lymphoid and myeloid), the outcomes of transplantation have improved over decades. These favorable outcomes suggest the need for a new therapeutic approach as opposed to the progression from chronic phase to blast phase in patients who have chronic myelocytic leukemia after failure on multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapies.
Feasibility of a cancer screening program using multicancer early detection testing and whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging in a high‐risk population
Authors: Raz Dan J. , Nehoray Bita , Ceniceros Aaron , Motarjem Pejman , Landau Shana , Nelson Rebecca A. , Gray Stacy W.
Published: January 2025

Background

The authors assessed the feasibility, acceptability, and impact on cancer worry of a cancer screening program using multicancer early detection (MCED) tests and whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging (WBM) in individuals at high cancer risk because of family history or germline variants in cancer‐susceptibility genes.

Methods

This prospective trial enrolled participants aged 50 years and older who had a significant family history of cancer or a cancer‐susceptibility gene variant. Participants underwent noncontrast WBM and MCED testing. The results were shared with participants, and further imaging or consultations were conducted as needed. Surveys assessing anxiety, cancer worry, and acceptability of the intervention were completed at baseline and 6 months after testing.

Results

One hundred participants were enrolled: 98 completed both WBM and MCED testing, and 89 completed their 6‐month follow‐up. The median age of participants was 62 years (range, 51–83 years), and 64% were women. Four participants (4%) were diagnosed with cancer based on WBM findings and subsequent work‐up, and all four underwent surgical resection. Two intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas were detected and are being monitored. MCED testing was positive in four participants, none of whom had suspicious findings on magnetic resonance imaging. One participant with a JAK2 mutation and thrombocytosis is under monitoring for potential hematologic malignancy. Sixty‐two participants (85%) somewhat/strongly agreed that study participation reduced cancer worry. Composite Cancer Worry Scale scores demonstrated decreased worry at 6 months compared with baseline (51% vs. high worry in 69%; p < .001).

Conclusions

MCED and WBM testing were feasible, acceptable, and were associated with decreased cancer worry at 6 months (clinical trials registration: NCT05868486).
Same‐day molecular testing for targetable mutations in solid tumor cytopathology—The next frontier of the rapid on‐site evaluation
Authors: Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Yang Richard Kenneth , Roy‐Chowdhuri Sinchita , Sura Gloria Hopkins
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of implementing the Idylla system, an ultra‐rapid, cartridge‐based assay, as an extension of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) in cytology. The authors conducted a pilot validation study on specimens from non–small cell lung carcinoma, thyroid carcinoma, and melanoma, evaluating four assays designed to detect alterations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, gene fusions, and expression imbalances in ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1/2/3, and MET exon 14 skipping transcripts. They investigated the feasibility of providing accurate biomarker molecular testing results in a cytopathology laboratory within hours of specimen collection.

Methods

The authors evaluated the performance characteristics and turn‐around‐time of the Idylla system by testing a total of 144 cartridge assays across various specimen types, including fine‐needle aspirate smears, formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) cell blocks, small tissue biopsy FFPE blocks, and control cell line FFPE scrolls.

Results

The average time from specimen input to results output was 2–3 hours. Accuracy across the four cartridge types was: KRAS assay: 100%, EGFR assay: 94%, BRAF assay: 100%, and GeneFusion assay: 94%. Analytical sensitivity ranged from 1% to 5% variant allele frequency for all assays. Inter‐assay precision and analytical specificity were both 100%.

Conclusion

Using the Idylla system, actionable genetic alterations can be reliably detected within 2–3 hours from cytology and small biopsy samples with minimal input requirements. The findings of this study demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating same‐day molecular testing as part of ROSE procedures in the cytopathology laboratory, ultimately shortening the time from procedure to personalized treatment for cancer patients.
A High‐Performance Electrochemical Sensor Based on Ni−Pt Bimetallic Nanoparticles Doped Metal Organic Framework ZIF‐8 for the Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Wannassi Jassem , Missaoui Nadhem , Mabrouk Chama , Castilla‐Martinez Carlos A. , Moumen Youssra , Echouchene Fraj , Barhoumi Houcine , Demirci Umit B. , Kahri Hamza
Published: January 2025

In this paper, microporous Zn‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework with the sodalite cage structure (SOD‐ZIF‐8) was synthesized by the solvothermal method. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption were employed to characterize the synthesized material. An ultra‐sensitive electrochemical sensor based on highly dispersed bimetallic Ni−Pt nanoparticles immobilized on zeolitic metal–organic framework ZIF‐8 for dopamine quantification is introduced for the first time. The as‐prepared Ni−Pt@ZIF‐8 composite was deposited onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), serving as a sensor that exhibits superior properties for the detection of dopamine (DA). A Box‐Behnken design was employed, and response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the impact of various experimental parameters on dopamine detection. The parameters optimized in this study included pH, drying time (hours), drop volume for deposition (μL), and accumulation time (minutes). The Box‐Behnken experimental design enabled the systematic optimization of these factors to enhance the sensor‘s performance. Benefiting from the synergy of ZIF‐8 and Ni−Pt bimetallic nanoparticles, the Ni−Pt@ZIF‐8 composite exhibited high sensitivity towards dopamine, achieving a low detection limit of 1.0 nM. The sensor‘s linear response to dopamine (1 nM to 10 μM), resistance to interference, and high recovery in human serum, coupled with its simple fabrication, make it a promising tool for real‐world dopamine detection.
Simple Isolation of Human Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue–Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells
Authors: Tonyalı Gülsena , Kiliç Emine , Muratoğlu Bihter , Alpdündar‐Bulut Esin , Özdemir Cansu , Uçkan‐Çetinkaya Duygu
Published: January 2025

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has garnered significant attention due to its critical roles in leukemia pathogenesis, cancer metastasis, and bone marrow failure. BMAT is a metabolically active, distinct tissue that differs from other fat depots. Marrow adipocytes, closely interacting with hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and osteoblasts, play a pivotal role in regulating their functions. However, standardized methods for isolating and defining human BMAT (hBMAT) remain unclear. In animal models, BMAT is commonly isolated directly from the bone marrow through flushing, enzymatic digestion, or mechanical disruption. In humans, BMAT isolation often involves the adipogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) derived from bone marrow aspirates. However, this approach reflects cellular responses to chemical stimuli and may not accurately represent in vivo differentiation potential. Similarly, BMAT obtained from hip or knee replacement surgeries might not reflect basal physiological conditions due to inflammatory influences. Here, we describe a direct method for culturing BMAT from the fatty layer of bone marrow aspirates obtained from healthy transplant donors. This protocol employs centrifugation and washing steps using basic laboratory equipment, offering simple and non‐enzymatic approach. For validation, isolated cells are characterized according to the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy (ISCT) criteria. © 2025 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of human BMAT‐MSCs from the fatty layer of the bone marrow

Basic Protocol 2: Culture expansion, trypsinization, and cryopreservation of BMAT‐MSCs

Support Protocol 1: Immunophenoypic characterization of human BMAT‐MSCs by flow cytometry

Support Protocol 2: In vitro characterization of multilineage differentiation potential of human BMAT‐MSCs

Support Protocol 3: Further characterization of gene expression in human BMAT‐MSCs using qRT‐PCR
Effectiveness of a novel traction device (TRACMOTION) for endoscopic submucosal dissection using a scissor‐type knife: An animal pilot study and clinical experiences
Authors: Miura Yuko , Tsuji Yosuke , Miyata Ryohei , Fujisawa Ayano , Tsukihara Hiroyuki , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2025

A newly developed articulated through‐the‐scope traction device, TRACMOTION, has been used clinically for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, there are few reports on the characteristics of this device and the lesion types for which it is most effective. Therefore, we evaluated its optimal use, efficacy, and safety clinically in animals. Subsequently, we confirmed the safety and efficacy of ESD using this device in humans. Two live swine were used; one underwent conventional ESD (C‐ESD) and the other traction‐assisted ESD (T‐ESD). To examine the traction effect at each resection site, three ESD ulcers (greater curvature/anterior wall/posterior wall) with a diameter of approximately 40 mm were created in each swine. Based on our preliminary experiments, scissor‐type and needle‐type knives were used in the T‐ESD and C‐ESD groups, respectively. The primary endpoint was the resection speed, and the secondary endpoint was the degree of muscle layer damage. T‐ESD was faster than C‐ESD on the posterior wall, similar to the greater curvature, and T‐ESD was slower than C‐ESD on the anterior wall. There were no cases of intraoperative perforations. Obvious muscle layer damage was observed in post‐C‐ESD wounds on the anterior wall. The submucosal layer was retained in all post‐T‐ESD wounds. Although this study showed that ESD with TRACMOTION may be safe and effective, it is necessary to consider that it may be unsuitable for some lesions. This may be due to device characteristics and requires further validation.
Development of Magnetic Hammering Test Using Tunnel Magneto‐Resistive Sensor
Authors: Ito Jun , Igarashi Yudai , Oogane Mikihiko
Published: January 2025

We have developed a novel nondestructive inspection technique for infrastructures using spintronics technologies. Since the tunnel magneto‐resistance (TMR) effect has become dramatically more sensitive in recent years, TMR sensors can be applied to the highly sensitive nondestructive inspection named magnetic hammering test (MHT). The proposed MHT technique is based on the principle of detecting slight fluctuations in the spatial magnetic field caused by the vibration of steel materials. Since the fluctuations in the magnetic field occur with the natural vibration frequency of the steel materials, their condition can be detected from the change of natural frequency using highly sensitive TMR sensors. In this work, we have demonstrated that the size of steel plates was determined with high accuracy using the MHT technique.
Versatile Synthesis of Linalool‐Derived Compounds via Catalytic Epoxidation and Ring Opening
Authors: Costa Alexandre P. S. , Almeida Leandro D. , Robles‐Azocar Patricia A.
Published: January 2025

This study focuses on the selective epoxidation of linalool to produce linalool epoxide, and novel linalool‐derived compounds from this epoxide. A robust and non‐noble cobalt catalyst was employed to achieve high yields of linalool epoxide under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic system displayed remarkable efficiency and reusability, providing a platform for exploring different feedstock, including rosewood oil, to demonstrate its versatility in raw feedstock valorization. Further functionalization of linalool‐derived molecules was achieved through regioselective ring‐opening reactions, yielding novel ethers with potential applications in the fine chemical industry. In summary, this study presents a comprehensive approach to the sustainable synthesis of linalool‐derived compounds, displaying the versatility of the catalytic system and providing a basis for the development of fine organic compounds with potential industrial applications.