bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amentia and Dementia: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Bolton Joseph Shaw
Published: August 2008

The present and final division of this paper contains a description of those types of mental disease which are classed by the writer under the heading “Dementia.” Under this term he includes all cases which agree, from the psychic aspect, in the possession of a decreased or decreasing mental capacity, and from the physical, in the existence of a distinct and permanent loss of cortical substance in those regions of the cerebrum which especially serve as a physical basis for the carrying on of (voluntary) psychic processes.
Mental (or Asylum-trained) Nurses; their Status and Registration
Authors: Wood T. Outterson
Published: August 2008

Gentlemen,—I need offer no apology for once more bringing this subject before you, as its importance demands our immediate and careful consideration. More especially is this the case at the present time, because since I last alluded to it (at our annual meeting in July, 1905) the Select Committee of the House upon the State Registration of Nurses, has given to our nurses the stamp of official recognition, by inserting in their report the following opinion:—“The claims for Registration of Mental or Asylum Nurses have been laid before your Committee. They are of opinion that a separate Register of Registered Asylum Nurses should be kept by the Central Body, to which should be admitted the names of Nurses who have served for not less than three years (in not more than two Asylums) and who have received the certificate of the Medico-Psychological Association and can produce satisfactory certificates of good character.”
The Clinical Significance of Indoxyl in the Urine
Authors: Bruce Lewis C.
Published: August 2008

The clinical study of the physical symptoms of mental diseases has of late years been pushed with energy and originality, not only in this country but also abroad. Advances in the general knowledge of physiological and pathological chemistry and the great doctrine of immunity have had their effect upon the views held regarding mental diseases, and particularly with regard to their causation.
A Serum Reaction occurring in Persons suffering from Infective Conditions
Authors: Bruce Lewis C.
Published: August 2008

While making observations upon the opsonic indices of the insane I noticed that the serum in many of the cases under observation when mixed with the red blood corpuscles of a healthy person agglutinated them.
The Clinical Measurement of Fatigue. Part I—The Measurement of Mental Fatigue
Authors: Specht Wilhelm
Published: August 2008

Among the characteristics which we agree with Kraepelin in regarding as the essential mental features of the personality, varying degrees of capacity for acquiring skill by practice and of liability to fatigue are by far the most important. The effects of practice and fatigue on the course of mental work are such as absolutely to determine the amount that can be done and the mental capacity for work. They differ, however, in their relation to the amount of work done, not only in the antagonistic direction of their effects, but also in other features which clearly show their kinship with the corresponding pheno mena on the physiological side. While the effect of practice hardly ever extends beyond the sphere of the work that has been practised, and acts on other functions, even of a simular nature, only in a limited degree, fatigue has a far more exten sive effect and reduces the general mental capacity for work. There is much in the common experience of daily life which seems to contradict this statement. Thus, change of work seems to have a favourable influence on our working capacity when we are fatigued. This appearance has led even eminent physiologists to assume that fatigue acts within the same narrow limits as practice. Thus, Mosso says, in his book on Fatigue, “Apparently fatigue is localised in a particular region of the brain, for we often see that people who have become incapable of thinking over a certain subject, or considering a particular piece of business, find relief in thinking about some thing else, or free themselves from the sense of dulness in their heads by fixing their attention intently on other and different things-for instance, on a game of chess.” Richter, too, ascribes a restorative effect to change of work in education, and thinks that he has thus discovered why school children do not show more fatigue.
On the Functions of the Central Gyri. (Cbl f. Nervenheilkunde, Mar, 15th, 1906.) Brodmann
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: August 2008

Brodmann exhibited to the Psychiatric Society of Berlin two monkeys from whose brains he had removed the anterior and posterior central gyri. They had hemianopsia and loss of motor power in the hand. As the result of his experiments, he found that little impairment of function followed small excisions of the posterior central convolution, whereas a similar removal from the anterior central at once caused helplessness in the use of the hands (meaning, we suppose, the upper limbs), especially in the smaller joints. This powerlessness lasted for eight or ten days. In dogs, there is the same restitution of function, even after excision of both median gyri. Brodmann notes that after excision of the anterior central gyri there is much degeneration of the anterior tract, but comparatively little after a more extensive removal of the posterior central convolution.
On the Formation of Character: An Address to the Nursing Staff at the Retreat, York, delivered November 1st, 1906
Authors: Bevan-Lewis William
Published: August 2008

When a few months since I was asked by Dr. Bedford Pierce to address the nursing staff of this time-honoured institution it was a moot point in my mind whether I should take as my thesis some general subject connected with the history and profession of nursing or direct my remarks to you in a more personal appeal than so general a theme would permit.
Recidivism regarded from the Environmental and Psychopathological Standpoints
Authors: Sutherland J. F.
Published: August 2008

Recidivism is the French coined term most appropriate to express the persistent, reiterated lapses of the same individual, in that small section of habituais found in every country, both among criminals engaged in serious crimes against the person and property, and among petty offenders, whose delinquencies or misdemeanours are drunkenness, public disorder, prostitution, and vagrancy. The former are aggressive, noxious, anti-social, and, to a slight extent, industrious and productive; the latter, as a rule, are passive, idle, debauched, parasitic, and unproductive. The two types are quite distinct, and there is little or no inter mingling; that is to say, the recidivist engaging in the major crimes in the criminal calendar does not forsake the ranks of that class to become a recruit in the ranks of the minor and petty offender class, and vice-versâ.
A Demonstration of the Lesions, experimentally produced, in the Spinal Cord and Cranial Nerves by the Action of Toxins
Authors: Orr  , Rows
Published: August 2008

In a previous paper we described the lesions in the posterior columns of the spinal cord in cases of general paralysis, and pointed out their similarity with those in early tabes dorsalis. We showed that the degeneration always commenced at the point where the posterior roots enter the cord. It is here that the sensory fibres become part of the central nervous system and lose their neurilemma sheath; and in all cases we found that precisely at this point degeneration began.
Amentia and Dementia: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Bolton Joseph Shaw
Published: August 2008

The present portion of this paper deals with the subject of progressive
and secondary dementia. It includes the consideration of those cases of
mental disease which, owing to the existence of certain extra-neuronic
encephalic morbid states, do not develop a practically stationary condition
of mental enfeeblement consequent on the loss of a proportion of the higher
cortical neurones, but undergo a more or less rapidly progressive process of
neuronic dissolution, which, if the patient survives to such a stage,
finally ends in gross dementia.
Insanity and Allied Neuroses: A Practical and Clinical Manual
Authors: Savage George H. , Goodall Edwin
Published: August 2008

We are glad to welcome a new edition, which is not merely a reprint, of
this excellent handbook. Savage's Manual has been
a household word with the English student and practitioner for the last
twenty-three years, and although it is not to be expected, considering the
pace we live at nowadays, that it will not need revision within some years,
we confidently expect that in the improved form in which it comes before us
it will hold its pride of place for several generations of
students.
Alcoholism: A Chapter in Social Pathologv
Authors: Sullivan W. C.
Published: August 2008

Dr. Sullivan's work throws a new light upon alcoholism. It is marked by
a breadth of view and a freedom from all intolerance which carry the reader
through an intelligent and intelligible discussion of this difficult subject
with never a wish to skip a page or to elude the issues so clearly set
forth. The book is more particularly designed to elucidate the connection of
alcoholism with industrial conditions, which hitherto have been inadequately
recognised. We thus escape the dreary details which writers on this subject
have repeated so uniformly, and at such intolerable length. We are brought
to a consideration of a social problem by an array of facts which show how
widely Dr. Sullivan has cast his net, and by an orderly process of argument
which reveals his well-balanced mind. He introduces the subject with a brief
historical sketch which indicates the beginnings of the modern industrial
system and the change in the legal attitude towards intemperance, by the
Licensing Law of 1551. His new view of the question leads him to remark on
the enormous increase of alcoholism by the national policy in favour of free
distillation in the end of the seventeenth century, and to indicate the
effects of the development of the factory system in bringing about a rapid
extension of industrial drinking.
Some Notes on Status Epilepticus and its Treatment
Authors: Banksraffle A.
Published: August 2008

IN all asylums and places where epileptics are taken care of many cases
of this condition must occur annually, and the treatment of it must be of
grave consideration in the care of these cases. The figures of Dr. Lord show
us that in ten years in the Hanwell London County Asylum 26 per cent, of the
deaths in epilepsy occurred in the “status,” and these figures are borne out
by the returns of the Ewell Colony for Epileptics. Much has been written on
the subject, both by British workers and by our Continental confréres, but
it is scattered through the literature in isolated monographs, and of late
years the interest in the subject seems to have lapsed. The present paper is
written with the purpose of inducing someone, more competent than the
author, to give us further light on this very interesting
condition.
Dementia Præcox and Mental Degeneracy in Syria
Authors: Thwaites H.
Published: August 2008

In the realm of mental disease any finger-post which points a way through the entanglements of ætiology is worthy of consideration. Present-day tendency is to magnify external at the expense of internal causes, a cart-before-the-horse policy which must bring confusion. Comparative lunacy endeavours at least to reverse the position and to start straight by tracing the affinity of form which exists between national brain types and their insane corruptions, or by showing variations in the relative incidence of disease forms and co-ordinating these with dominant social or biological factors.
Some Observations on Insanity in Jews
Authors: Baird Harvey
Published: August 2008

The great majority of the insane Jews chargeable to the various London unions are cared for in this asylum. Special arrangements are made in order that they may observe the customs and rites which their religion demands of them. A Jewish Rabbi visits them and holds religious services. A Jewish interpretress is on duty daily. There is a Jewish kitchen, where the food is prepared in the manner they are accustomed to. At certain periods of the year they fast as they would do in their own homes.
The Boarding Out of the Insane in Private Dwellings
Authors: Brown R. Cunyngham
Published: August 2008

Writing in the Nineteenth Century of 1889, in an article entitled, “Lunatics as Patients, not Prisoners,” Sir John Batty Tuke drew attention to the steadily increasing incubus of pauper lunacy, and raised the whole question of lunacy administration in England and Wales. In this paper he asked whether, commensurately with the increasing expenditure on the care and treatment of lunatics, even at that time enormous, there had been achieved an understanding of the hidden processes which underlie the insanities, and some means of arresting their occurrence, such as the ratepaying citizen might reasonably expect in return for the vast sums expended. These questions Sir John Tuke answered by a decided negative, and he adduced as his main reasons for this unsatisfactory state of affairs that, in the first place, asylums were merely asylums in the classic sense of the term, places of refuge, “model lodging-houses for the insane,” not great hospitals for the cure of disease; and, in the second place, that the medical men who had the direction of these establishments were occupied with administrative and economic duties to the practical exclusion of scientific investigation and their proper function of healers of the sick. He even staged that it was quite an open question whether, in a certain number of cases, asylum treatment did not tend to aggravate the disease and render it chronic. That a certain number recovered in consequence of it, that a certain number recovered in spite of it, and that a certain number became demented because of it, were, he believed, each and all equally true statements. “A man merged in a crowd of irresponsible beings, all under the influence of a common discipline, and under the control of common keepers, must lose his individuality, and cannot possibly receive that anxious care and attention at the hands of one physician which is necessary from the nature of the case. What every case of insanity demands as the primary condition for recovery is, separate and individual treatment and consideration.”
On the Principles of the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: McDougall Alan
Published: August 2008

Some day there may be found a medicine to cure epilepsy. After that day the treatment of the disease will be a simple affair. But for the present he who undertakes to treat an epileptic undertakes a very difficult and responsible task. He must takea broad view of the situation, and use remedies not mentioned in the British Pharmacopoeia.
Presidential Address in the Section of Neurology and Psychiatry of the Australasian Medical Congress held at Melbourne, October, 1908
Authors: Sinclair Eric
Published: August 2008

Gentlemen,—I have to congratulate you on again forming an independent Section of Psychiatry, and that the term “Neurology” is allied with it. In the second Congress in Melbourne there was a Section of Psychology under the presidency of the late Dr. Manning, but in the succeeding Congresses our subject has been merged with that of State Medicine. I trust that you will be able to demonstrate that the placing of it on an independent footing is justified both in the number of papers and in the quality of the work undertaken. The programme before us, fortunately, promises well, thanks in the main to our energetic secretary, and I trust that it will afford us opportunities for instruction and interest.
Note on General Paralysis
Authors: Mickle W. Julius
Published: August 2008

As mentioned in the careful summary by Dr. Wilcox in this Journal, October, 1908, p. 761, Drs. Clarke and Atwood remark that “not a few English writers fail to diagnosticate general paralysis in the absence of euphoria during some stage of the disease, a view we believe to be largely due to Mickle's teaching two decades ago” (Journal of Mental and Nervous Diseases, September, 1907).
A Research into the Cranial Measurements of the Insane, Comparing them with those of the Sane
Authors: Thomson David
Published: August 2008

While acting as Assistant Medical Officer in the London County Asylum at Horton, Epsom (1907–1908), I made an investigation into the head measurements of the various classes of male lunatics, contrasting these with their bodily height and weight.
A Bacteriological Investigation into General Paralysis of the Insane, and a Table of Blood-counts
Authors: Thomson David
Published: August 2008

This research was carried on in the laboratory at Horton Asylum, and was directed to that vexed question as to whether the Bacillus paralyticans (which Dr. Ford Robertson has described) was the cause of general paralysis of the insane or not.
The Clinical and Post-mortem Aspects of the Status Lymphaticus
Authors: Humphry R. Ernest
Published: August 2008

The enormous importance of the disease under consideration is, I am sure, not adequately realised, and it is for this reason that I am particularly desirous of bringing the subject to the notice of members of the Medico-Psychological Association. In my opinion the status lymphaticus constitutes one of the most serious problems of medical science at the present time, especially in these days of deaths under anæsthetics.
The Housing of the Insane in Victoria, with special reference to Licensed Houses and Border-line Cases
Authors: Smith W. Beattie
Published: August 2008

When the Australasian Medical Congress met in Melbourne, in 1889, I dealt with “The Housing of the Insane in Victoria, with Special Relation to the Boarding-out System of Treatment.” Since then I have had ample opportunity of satisfying myself that such a method of caring for and treating the harmless insane is not suited to our colonial life. Much personal attention was given to this matter, and I was not satisfied with the results, the majority of the patients being in the care of officials of the various hospitals practically as servants. This was given a trial, as the official staff were practically the only applicants, not that I believed in the advisability of granting them patients. I ceased doing so, because it was evident the cases were taken for what could be got out of them, a circumstance which existed also with other applicants. This method of caring for our accumulated insane population being demonstrated unsuitable, we perforce fell back upon institutional accommodation for the chronic harmless cases.
The Presidential Address, on the Biological Factor in Heredity, delivered at the Sixty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, held at Wakefield on July 22nd and 23rd, 1909
Authors: Bevan-Lewis W.
Published: August 2008

There can, perhaps, be no more pleasing conviction than that which assures a man he has won the approval of his fellows; and in gratefully acknowledging the great honour conferred upon me to-day in my election to the Presidential Chair this conviction is mine, and I take the award as an earnest of your good will and confidence. But, as in the richer harmonies of human life the minor chord will ever assert itself, so the knowledge of one's personal limitations introduces a note of sadness, for one is forced to recall how very little, even of one's best, one can give in return for so invaluable a pledge of the esteem of one's fellow-men.
The Experimental Production of General Paralysis
Authors: Robertson W. Ford
Published: August 2008

Six years ago Dr. Shennan and I recorded the observations that rats which had been fed with cultures of a threading diphtheroid bacillus, isolated from the bronchus of a general paralytic, developed symptoms of paresis, which tended to go on to a fatal termination, and that the tissues of the animals showed changes resembling those that are found in cases of early general paralysis. In all of four animals in which the experiment was fully carried out the brain showed periarteritis, neuroglia proliferation and severe nerve-cell lesions. Two years ago Dr. McRae and I recorded some further experimental observations upon the effects of feeding rats with various strains of diphtheroid bacilli. A diphtheroid bacillus, which formed acid in glucose and saccharose test broths, and which was virulent to mice (Bacillus paralyticans brevis), produced very striking results in twelve animals. They developed acute or chronic forms of general paresis which went on to a fatal termination. The most marked lesions found after death were those affecting the nerve-cells of the spinal cord and brain, but in several of the animals there were also distinct periarteritis and neuroglia hypertrophy. Similar experiments with several other strains of diphtheroid bacilli, which could be classed as one or other of the two forms to which we have attached special importance, gave much less definite results. Some of the animals have not yet, however, been examined microscopically. Control animals fed with other organisms gave quite negative results. These experiments have at least shown that diphtheroid bacilli isolated from cases of general paralysis may occasionally have sufficient virulence to determine in rats, by infection through the alimentary tract, a disease in which the chief symptoms are those affecting the nervous system, and in which the tissue changes have a certain resemblance to those found in general paralysis.
Account of an Attempt at the Early Treatment of Mental and Nervous Cases (with Special Reference to the Poor)
Authors: Boyle A. Helen
Published: August 2008

This paper is an answer to a challenge thrown down by Dr. Urquhart on the occasion of the Annual Meeting of this Association in 1905, when I had the honour of reading a short description of the small hospital we were then opening in Brighton and its raison d'être.
The Leucocyte and the Acute Insanities. An Epitome of Clinical Observations
Authors: McDowall Colin
Published: August 2008

It is indeed a true saying that to be successful in the treatment of disease clinical observation must be accompanied by biological and bio-chemical research. Yet the practice of medicine in times not so very remote was chiefly based on careful observation and common sense. In by far the majority of diseases the ætiology was not understood, and this was strikingly true of the acute forms of mental derangement. Still, devoted workers and searchers after truth continued their investigations on the dead and their experiments on the living. Gradually appliances were improved and new methods pursued, and with such brilliant results that at last the true cause of infective disease was discovered. One by one bacteria were isolated and studied, and thus a great world of medical research was opened out and results obtained which have already wrought untold blessings to humanity.
The Significance of Heredity and the Neuro-insane Constitution as Important Factors in the Production of Mental Disease, with an Examination into the History of 100 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Jeffrey G. Rutherford
Published: August 2008

From the earliest times in the history of medicine probably no subject has been more thought about, no subject more frequently attacked, than that of heredity, and it is therefore not without a certain amount of hesitation that that all-important subject is brought into consideration in such an article as this.
Belgium
Authors: Morel Jul.
Published: August 2008

The asylums for the insane, since their transformation, have become veritable hospitals; and the medical work, especially as regards the curable and improvable cases, approaches that of the ordinary hospital. The result is that the insane in all modern asylums are cared for and observed day and night, as in a hospital, and assiduous nursing is given alike to the excited, agitated, degraded, paralytic, turbulent, destructive, suicidal, etc.
The Analysis of Dreams [L'Analyse des Rêves]. (L'Année Psychologique, 1909.) Jung, C. J.
Authors: Devine H.
Published: August 2008

This paper presents clearly and briefly the main principles enunciated by Freud as to the psychology of dreams.

The contents of dreams, instead of being the product of accidental and senseless associations, or founded entirely on somatic sensations during sleep, are actually definite products of mental activity and acces sible to a systematic analysis. The organic sensations are not the cause of the dream but only play a secondary rôle, and merely furnish the material for the psychic experience. The dream has its antecedent chains of associations and its own significance like every complex psychic product or volitional act. The apparently obscure and confused images of the dream are the curtains behind which is the essential idea or latent content of the experience. The dream has, therefore, something in dividual conforming to the psychological disposition of the subject, such disposition being itself the result of the previous psychic life.
On the Functions of the Optic Thalamus and the Corpus Striatum
Authors: Blachford Jas. V.
Published: August 2008

Suggestions have from time to time been made as to the probable functions of the basal ganglia, but so far none of them appear to have been very satisfactory.

It seems to be generally accepted that the optic thalami are not merely sensory centres for every or any special kind of sensation, but are large association ganglia, and it is the endeavour here to point out from anatomical, pathological, and other reasons the kind of associations with which they are probably concerned, and the very important part they play in the life of all animals possessing them.
Observations on Epileptics—Illustrating their Reaction to the Purin in Diet
Authors: Baugh Leonard D. H.
Published: August 2008

In a former paper diet was referred to as a part of the management of the epileptics under care in a mental hospital, and the opinion expressed that, on a diet mainly purin-free, tendencies to serial fits, confused states and dream states appear less marked.
Examination of the Cerebro-spinal Fluid as an Aid to Diagnosis in Certain Cases of Insanity, with Special Reference to the Protein Reaction described by Ross and Jones
Authors: Turner John
Published: August 2008

The value of Wassermann's reaction in the diagnosis of syphilitic and the so-called para-syphilitic diseases is now generally conceded, but, apart from the technical difficulties in carrying out the test, which places it beyond the means of all except those working in well-equipped laboratories specially licensed, the fact that it merely enables one to diagnose a previous syphilitic infection in nearly all its stages, detracts somewhat from its value as a means for the special diagnosis of general paralysis or tabes. Wassermann's reaction tells us what nearly every patient is able, if willing, to tell us; whereas the protein reactions, especially that described by Ross and Jones, appear, so far at any rate as my observations go, to be much more specific in the information they yield. The Ross-Jones test in my hands only gave a positive result in general paralysis and cerebral syphilis.
The Deviation of Complement in the Mental Diseases Known as Mania
Authors: Bruce Lewis C.
Published: August 2008

One of the most obvious impediments to the advance of our knowledge of mental diseases is the lack of a physical basis of classification. This deficiency is constantly presenting itself, and even in such a comparatively simple disease as mania one is often in doubt as to whether the diagnosis should be manic-depressive insanity or confusional mania.
The Wassermann Reaction in the Blood and Cerebro-spinal Fluid, and the Examination of the Cerebro-spinal Fluid in General Paralysis and other Forms of Insanity
Authors: Muirhead Winifred
Published: August 2008

The brief summary of the results stated in this paper is based upon an examination of thirty-five cases of general paralysis and seventy-seven cases of psychoses other than general paralysis.
Certain Insane Conditions amongst the Criminal Classes
Authors: Sturrock James P.
Published: August 2008

It is not surprising that weakmindedness should be common amongst the habitual frequenters of prison, but the proportion of those who become certifiably insane is small. How very few are there of our ordinary asylum patients who come from the slums, or at least the criminal class. Is it that, in these less cultured individuals, crime and alcoholic excess take the place of insanity, each of them being a signpost marking distinct paths of degeneration, or does insanity exist, but is not recognisable as such? The unavoidable importance placed upon conduct in determining insanity amid the ordinary respectable conditions of life may prove misleading in the case of those in whom what is commonly called bad conduct is a normal condition. A distinguished alienist tells how he was once called to see a lady, and on being introduced to her she spat in his face. Without more ado he sat down and certified her. It may be that many amongst the criminal classes suffer from there being no possible obverse to this picture. I have seen men sent into an asylum suffering from delusions of long standing whose condition never caused their friends a serious thought till some Monday morning they refused to go to work, and before next pay-day they were certified. I have seen men sent to prison for habitual failure to support their wives or for neglect of their children where there seemed to be distinct mental enfeeblement, not certifiably obtrusive like a delusion, but in the particular circumstances as potent a factor in the lapse of conduct.
The Comparative Anatomy of the Frontal Lobe, and its Bearing upon the Pathology of Insanity
Authors: Cole Sydney J.
Published: August 2008

Dr. J. S. Bolton has shown that in dementia the seat of greatest wasting of the cerebral cortex is commonly the prefrontal region, a region which (following Flechsig) he regards as a centre of higher association, the great development of which constitutes a leading character of the brain of man. This is a region which in man is one of the latest to myelinate (thirty-fifth in order, according to Flechsig), and if the order of myelination, as a part of ontogeny, may be taken as an approximate recapitulation of the order of phylogeny, then we might infer that the prefrontal region of man is a new region, of late development, absent or poorly developed in animals lower than man. Upon this assumption the predominant wasting of this region in dementia would be readily explained in accordance with Hughlings Jackson's doctrine of evolution and dissolution—dissolution following the inverse order of evolution. For an understanding of the pathology of insanity it is obviously important to inquire how far a study of comparative anatomy, especially of the primates, lends any support to such a conception. The aim of my discourse is accordingly to present, first, a brief survey of the recent observations of Dr. K. Brodmann, of Berlin, upon the comparative histology of the frontal cortex, and then some observations of my own upon naked-eye anatomy of the brain of man and higher apes.
Heredity and Insanity
Authors: Stansfield T. E. K.
Published: August 2008

The subject of heredity in relation to the mental evolution of the race and to mental disease is of such supreme importance that I plead no excuse for making it the subject of my paper. It is a subject which has not in the past received that amount of attention from us as alienists which its momentous-ness demands. But the work of Galton, the revivified monumental experiments of Mendel, and the investigations of the school of biometricians, headed by Karl Pearson, have latterly given a great impetus to this line of study.
Periodic Attacks of Excitement and Depression in the Chronic Insane
Authors: Marshall R. M.
Published: August 2008

Clinical psychiatry is at present passing through a period of transition; to this two influences have largely contributed:

(1)

The adoption of the biochemical theory of the origin of disease as a working hypothesis in our speculation and investigation.

(2)

The recognition by the clinician that he must study each case as a whole, and suspend judgment until he has all the facts of the alienation, onset, course and termination before him.
A Note on the Determination of the Opsonic Indices of the Blood in Insane Persons
Authors: Babington Alice
Published: August 2008

In the following communication, it has been attempted to make a comparison between the opsonic indices obtained from the blood of the insane and those from the blood of normal individuals, and to draw the conclusion that in the case of those patients suffering from an abnormal mental condition we have a slight but nevertheless perceptible lowering of these opsonic indices. As only fifty-two cases have been examined, it is doubtful if one would be justified in drawing any definite conclusion from such small data.
Abnormal Mental States Associated with Malignant Disease
Authors: Devine Henry
Published: August 2008

A relationship between malignant growths and mental disturbance has been established in a variety of ways. Some writers have approached the subject from a purely general standpoint. Thus Knapp has noted an increased liability to cancer in individuals who show signs of mental instability and has suggested a possible correlation between the two disorders which are both associated with grave metabolic changes. (1) Proceeding on similar lines, Snow instituted an inquiry which revealed a considerable difference of opinion as to the incidence of cancer in the insane, and concluded that its occurrence is relatively rare. (2)
Morison Lectures.—The Differentiation of Melancholia, the Depressive Phase of Manic-Depressive Insanity
Authors: Robertson George M.
Published: August 2008

Melancholia is by far the commonest form of mental disorder that can be regarded as a true insanity, and from its general manageability is very often treated at home. A knowledge of it is therefore useful to the practising physician. There is another reason which increases the importance of this knowledge. Melancholia is always dangerous owing to the possibility of the patient taking his own life, and the presence of a tendency or desire to commit suicide is not sufficiently recognised by the members of the medical profession. It exists at one stage or another during the course of practically every case.
Some Instances of Sudden Death with Post-mortem Findings
Authors: Dixon J. Francis
Published: August 2008

In complying with the Honorary Secretary's request to read a short paper on some clinical or pathological cases, it occurred to me that it might be of some interest to the members to review a few instances of sudden death, or rather sudden and unexpected death, where the cause was unsuspected; in life, and in some instances left in doubt after post-mortem examination.
Causes of Sudden Death in Epilepsy, and Some Points in the Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Collins M. A.
Published: August 2008

The two subjects that I wish to bring to your notice to-day are sudden death during an epileptic fit, and the present treatment of confirmed epilepsy.
On Mental Inspection in Schools
Authors: Steward Sidney J.
Published: August 2008

The examination of the mental condition of children in elementary schools presents many difficulties, the foremost being lack of time, owing to the large number of routine physical inspections which have to be completed within the limit of school hours, rarely allowing so much as ten minutes for each child; however, in the smaller rural schools, when it is impossible to get to another school within the same session, owing to distance, there often is sufficient time to enable one to make a detailed examination of some of the mentally defective, and dull and backward children.
Insanity with Myxœdema
Authors: Barham G. F.
Published: August 2008

Our conception of the ætiological significance of myxœdema in reference to those forms of mental disorder generally known under the name of “insanity of myxœdema,” has undergone considerable modification since the time when hypothyroidism was regarded as the principal causal factor. The almost dramatic effect of thyroid treatment gave rise at first to a justifiable optimism. This for a while tended to obscure the possibility that a deeper-lying disorder of mind might exist, which would be naturally brought into prominence by the peculiar disturbance in the functioning of the brain associated with this state of disordered metabolism.
Aphasia in General Paralysis and the Conditions associated with it
Authors: Mapother Edward
Published: August 2008

Certain features of the speech defects commonly seen in general paralysis bear a resemblance to aphasia, e.g., inability to find required words, and the tendency to omit syllables or words without noticing it, or to transpose syllables or the vowels of successive words. More definite aphasia, however, may occur in general paralysis either as a transitory or lasting symptom. Though it may arise under a variety of conditions it is distinctly uncommon.
“Forced Feeding,” with Special Reference to a Case continuously fed by the Nasal Tube for over Nine Years
Authors: Blair David
Published: August 2008

The subject of the few remarks I have to offer is one with which those who attend the insane soon become familiar. No other class of physicians can speak of it with more authority. It is not a wide field, and at the first blush would not appear to lend itself to much divergence of view. Yet from the opinions one occasionally hears expressed, I think it is expedient that our attitude towards the questions associated with artificial feeding should now and again be reviewed. When to feed artificially, its relative dangers, its moral effect, or even the best method to adopt, are points upon which observers differ.
Dr. Turners Paper on Classification and Other Matters
Authors: Mercier C.
Published: August 2008

In Dr. Turner's paper on the classification of insanity in the January number of the Journal occurs this passage: “It is from cases of this class” (epileptic insanity, psychasthenia, morbid obsessions, and impulse) “that subtle dialecticians seek to prove there may be disorder of conduct without disorder of mind.” As I am the only person who has ever made any distinction between disorder of conduct and disorder of mind, or has ever said that the one may be disordered without disorder of the other, it is manifest that I am the subtle dialecticians referred to by Dr. Turner, and I must express to him my obligation for justifying me in the future use of the royal We. We must point out to him, however, that after the manner and habit of members of this Association, he attributes to Us views that We have never expressed and never held. We have, indeed, taught for many years, and iterated and reiterated, that disorder of mind may exist without disorder of conduct, and this view is again expressed in Our paper published in this Journal in October, 1910, but We have never expressed the opinion, subtle dialecticians though We may be, that disorder of conduct ever exists apart from disorder of mind. Perhaps Dr. Turner will be so good another time as to verify his references.
The Production of Leucocytosis in the Treatment of Mental Diseases
Authors: Brown R. Dods , Ross Donald
Published: August 2008

Much work has been done within recent years towards elucidating the causation of mental diseases, and it is now recognised by most alienists that some forms of mental disorder are due to toxins, many of which are microbic in origin. At the same time there does not seem to be any general agreement that one particular organism or group of organisms is the exciting cause in any particular disease.
Abnormal Development of Scalp
Authors: McDowall T. W. , McDowall Colin
Published: August 2008

In 1893 one of us published an account of an unusual condition of the scalp. He believed that the abnormality had not previously been described. In this opinion, however, he was mistaken, for as far back as 1884 Poggi had recorded a case. Since attention was first directed to the matter a few writers, English and foreign, have published cases and ventured on various but conflicting opinions in explanation of the facts observed. The last known contributor is Dr. Eugenio Bravetta, who communicated a paper to the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Pavia in 1910. It contains an account of three typical examples, and is useful in giving a list of published cases with their authors; but it is specially valuable because it epitomises the views of the various writers. As this communication of Dr. Bravetta is in Italian, a language not read by the majority of us, we venture to give, by way of introduction, a free translation and abstract.
Some Cases of “Medico-Legal” Interest
Authors: Rainsford F.
Published: August 2008

The question of how far insanity can be pleaded in extenuation of, or as an explanation for, the committal of an indictable offence is one that possesses for me unusual interest.
Germany
Authors: Bresler Johannes
Published: August 2008

The most important event in the department of psychiatry in Germany since my report in 1910 has been the Fourth International Congress for the Care of the Insane, which was held at the house of the Prussian Deputies in Berlin, from October 3rd till the 7th, 1910. The Congress was attended by about six hundred members. It compared favourably with its predecessors in the number and practical and scientific importance of the reports and in its general arrangements; it was evident that the interest of psychiatrists and of laymen in those congresses is on the increase. In addition to the meetings of the members, there was an important exhibition of models, plans and photographs of establishments and institutions for the insane, of sick-rooms and of machinery, of work done by patients in public and private institutions, and of scientific apparatus and books, which was visited with great interest, and which gave a very true idea of the progress in Germany in the care of the insane. The exhibition had been arranged by Dr. Alt, at Uchtspringe (Altmark). A no less true insight into German methods is given by a work on German Hospitals, which was edited by Dr. Bresler. A copy of this work was presented as a souvenir to each member of the Congress. It was edited with the assistance of the superintendents of the public and private asylums, and contains in an elegant volume of 666 pages the description of about seventy institutions for the insane, illustrated with numerous plans and photographs. This work has since been continued, and a second volume of 465 pages, with illustrations, has recently appeared. At the same time a similar work has been edited by Dr. Schloess, of Vienna, on Austrian asylums for the insane, copies of which (and of the second volume of the above-mentioned work) were also presented to the members of the Berlin Congress. So that it may be truly said that seldom have members returned from a congress with so abundant a supply of literature. A special number of my Weekly Journal of Psychiatry and Neurology was devoted to the members of the Congress, and contained about fifty portraits with short biographical sketches of the most distinguished alienists present. The more important papers are perhaps worthy of mention in this retrospect.
Urethritis in General Paralysis, with Remarks on the Exhibition of Hexamethylene-tetramine
Authors: Baird Harvey
Published: August 2008

The association of general paralysis with syphilis has probably been discussed with more frequency during the past two decades than any other subject relating to insanity, and probably the large majority of alienists now consider syphilis a sine quâ non in its causation.
Leucocytosis produced by the Injection of Normal Saline Solution
Authors: Boyd William
Published: August 2008

In the July number of the journal Drs. Dods Brown and Ross give an account of the various methods which have been used to produce an increase in the number of leucocytes in the blood. These methods are numerous and varied, but they do not include one which was discovered accidentally in the treatment of the case about to be described, nor have I been able to find any reference to a similar case in the literature. Various drugs such as nucleic acid, ceredin and argentum colloidale have proved efficacious, and Dr. Lewis Bruce has stimulated the leucocytes by the injection of such an irritant as turpentine. In the present case, however, the simple intra-venous injection of normal saline solution, containing no drug whatever, was found to produce a marked leucocytosis, which in one instance reached the high figure of 28,000. For permission to publish the notes of this case I am much indebted to the kindness of Dr. T. C. Mackenzie.
The Morison Lectures, 1913.—General Paralysis of the Insane
Authors: Robertson George M.
Published: August 2008

General paralysis is common in our large cities, and assumes so many disguises that it is necessary to be ever on the alert for it. About a third of the male admissions to asylums between the ages of thirty-five and fifty suffer from it, and the possibility of its presence should always be remembered in the case of a man of this age presenting mental symptoms. Such men are usually the heads of families, and occupy positions of responsibility, for as a rule those who suffer from general paralysis are no weaklings. The social troubles and inconvenience produced by the occurrence of adolescent or senile insanity, bad as they may seem, are therefore trivial compared with those produced by a disease such as this, which attacks the bread-winner of a family and the head of a business in the prime of his life.
After-care in Cases of Mental Disorder, and the Desirability of its More Extended Scope
Authors: Bond C. Hubert
Published: August 2008

At the request of the Council, and with your permission, I propose to lay before you this afternoon the following points for your consideration: firstly, the importance of organised after-care in cases discharged recovered or relieved from mental disorder; secondly, the lamentably small proportion of these discharged cases which are brought under the notice of those engaged in after-care; thirdly, the limitations imposed by the constitution of this Association in its practice of after-care; and lastly, certain suggestions—partly the outcome of conversations with your Secretary, Mr. Thornhill Roxby—with a view to increasing the scope of the Association's work.