bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure-oriented filtering in unsupervised multiattribute seismic facies analysis
Authors: Steklain André F. , Ganacim Francisco , Adames Marcio R. , Gonçalves João L. , Oliveira Danian S.
Published: June 2022

The growing use of automated methods in seismic interpretation highlights the importance of data treatment. We analyze the effect of structure-oriented filtering seismic data on machine learning techniques and apply the filter to the data before calculating seismic attributes. We apply this methodology to a migrated section of Buzios Field from the Brazilian presalt in Santos Basin. The analysis is restricted to the case of unsupervised methods, namely self-organized maps and generative topographic mapping. We use four different seismic attributes that are known to be good salt indicators. Two are based on texture, and two are based on coherence. The use of filtering can improve salt identification in clustering when more attributes are considered.
Discussion: Reply to the discussion
Authors: Monk David J.
Published: June 2022

It was interesting to read the comments by Vermeer (2022) and look back at the history of seismic acquisition and processing over the last 12 years since the first paper on Fresnel zone binning (FZB) was published. The ideas actually go back further and were a part of 3D binning software developed by QC Tools in the 1990s. Given that Vermeer makes many references to papers I have published and starts the discussion with the statement: “This paper comments on two papers by Monk on Fresnel zone binning,” it would seem appropriate that I reply. Things have certainly changed, and perhaps it is now time to review some concepts that may be outdated.
Memorial
Authors: Li Xiang-Yang
Published: June 2022

Robert Stuart Middleton, 1944–2021
Mental health and well-being during the second wave of COVID-19: longitudinal analyses of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study (UK COVID-MH)
Authors: Wetherall Karen , Cleare Seonaid , McClelland Heather , Melson Ambrose J. , Niedzwiedz Claire L. , O'Carroll Ronan E. , O'Connor Daryl B. , Platt Steve , Scowcroft Elizabeth , Watson Billy , Zortea Tiago , Ferguson Eamonn , Robb Kathryn A. , O'Connor Rory C.
Published: June 2022

Background

Waves 1 to 3 (March 2020 to May 2020) of the UK COVID-19 Mental Health and Wellbeing study suggested an improvement in some indicators of mental health across the first 6 weeks of the UK lockdown; however, suicidal ideation increased.

Aims

To report the prevalence of mental health and well-being of adults in the UK from March/April 2020 to February 2021.

Method

Quota sampling was employed at wave 1 (March/April 2020), and online surveys were conducted at seven time points. Primary analyses cover waves 4 (May/June 2020), 5 (July/August 2020), 6 (October 2020) and 7 (February 2021), including a period of increased restrictions in the UK. Mental health indicators were suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt, depression, anxiety, defeat, entrapment, loneliness and well-being.

Results

A total of 2691 (87.5% of wave 1) individuals participated in at least one survey between waves 4 and 7. Depressive symptoms and loneliness increased from October 2020 to February 2021. Defeat and entrapment increased from July/August 2020 to October 2020, and remained elevated in February 2021. Well-being decreased from July/August 2020 to October 2020. Anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation did not change. Young adults, women, those who were socially disadvantaged and those with a pre-existing mental health condition reported worse mental health.

Conclusions

The mental health and well-being of the UK population deteriorated from July/August 2020 to October 2020 and February 2021, which coincided with the second wave of COVID-19. Suicidal thoughts did not decrease significantly, suggesting a need for continued vigilance as we recover from the pandemic.
Condensation properties of stress granules and processing bodies are compromised in myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Gulyurtlu Selma , Magon Monika S. , Guest Patrick , Papavasiliou Panagiotis P. , Morrison Kim D. , Prescott Alan R. , Sleeman Judith E.
Published: June 2022

RNA regulation in mammalian cells requires complex physical compartmentalisation, using structures thought to be formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. Disruption of these structures is implicated in numerous degenerative diseases. Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multi-systemic trinucleotide repeat disorder resulting from an expansion of nucleotides CTG (CTGexp) in the DNA encoding DM1 protein kinase (DMPK). The cellular hallmark of DM1 is the formation of nuclear foci that contain expanded DMPK RNA (CUGexp) (with thymine instead of uracil). We report here the deregulation of stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (P-bodies), two cytoplasmic structures key for mRNA regulation, in cell culture models of DM1. Alterations to the rates of formation and dispersal of SGs suggest an altered ability of cells to respond to stress associated with DM1, while changes to the structure and dynamics of SGs and P-bodies suggest that a widespread alteration to the biophysical properties of cellular structures is a consequence of the presence of CUGexp RNA.
The mechanical and morphological properties of systemic and pulmonary arteries differ in the Madagascar ground boa, a snake without ventricular pressure separation
Authors: van Soldt Benjamin J. , Wang Tobias , Filogonio Renato , Danielsen Carl Christian
Published: June 2022

The walls of the mammalian aorta and pulmonary artery are characterized by diverging morphologies and mechanical properties, which have been correlated with high systemic and low pulmonary blood pressure, as a result of intraventricular pressure separation. However, the relationship between intraventricular pressure separation and diverging aortic and pulmonary artery wall morphologies and mechanical characteristics is not understood. The snake cardiovascular system poses a unique model for the study of this relationship, as representatives both with and without intraventricular pressure separation exist. In this study, we performed uniaxial tensile testing on vessel samples taken from the aortas and pulmonary arteries of the Madagascar ground boa, Acrantophis madagascariensis, a species without intraventricular pressure separation. We then compared these morphological and mechanical characteristics with samples from the ball python, Python regius, and the yellow anaconda, Eunectes notaeus – species with and without intraventricular pressure separation, respectively. Our data suggest that although the aortas and pulmonary arteries of A. madagascariensis respond similarly to the same intramural blood pressure, they diverge in morphology, and that this attribute extends to E. notaeus. In contrast, P. regius aortas and pulmonary arteries diverge both morphologically and in terms of their mechanical properties. Our data indicate that intraventricular pressure separation cannot fully explain diverging aortic and pulmonary artery morphologies. Following the law of Laplace, we propose that pulmonary arteries of small luminal diameter represent a mechanism to protect the fragile pulmonary vasculature by reducing the blood volume that passes through, to which genetic factors may contribute more strongly than physiological parameters.
Insurance Design and Pharmaceutical Innovation
Authors: Agha Leila , Kim Soomi , Li Danielle
Published: June 2022

This paper studies how insurance coverage policies impact pharmaceutical innovation. In the United States, most patients obtain prescription drugs through insurance plans administered by Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBMs). Beginning in 2012, PBMs began refusing to provide coverage for many newly approved drugs when cheaper alternatives were available. We document a shift in pharmaceutical R&D strategies after this policy took effect: therapeutic classes at greater risk of exclusion experienced a relative reduction in investments. This shift reduced development of drug candidates that appear more incremental: that is, those in drug classes with more preexisting therapies and less scientifically novel research. (JEL G22, I13, L65, O31)
Οι ελευθερίες στις ανοιχτές θάλασσες κατά το διεθνές δίκαιο
Authors: Ζιώγας Αλέξης
Published: June 2022

Αφετηρία του ερευνητικού προβληματισμού γύρω από τον οποίο δομείται η παρούσα διατριβή υπήρξε ο σταδιακός περιορισμός των ανοιχτών θαλασσών. Από τα μέσα του 20ου αιώνα ο θαλάσσιος χώρος απέκτησε σταδιακά μεγαλύτερη σημασία ως πεδίο της διεθνούς πολιτικής, καθώς η εμφάνιση και ανάπτυξη νέων μορφών εκμετάλλευσης των θαλάσσιων και υποθαλάσσιων φυσικών πόρων σε συνδυασμό με την κωδικοποίηση του δικαίου της θάλασσας, ώθησαν τα παράκτια κράτη στο να επιδιώξουν την επέκταση της θαλάσσιας δικαιοδοσίας τους. Μαζί όμως με τα πρώτα σύγχρονα θαλάσσια σύνορα ανέκυψαν και οι πρώτες διεθνείς διαφορές γύρω από την οριοθέτηση του θαλάσσιου χώρου. Στη Μεσόγειο, που τα δικαιώματα (entitlements) των παράκτιων κρατών σε θαλάσσιες ζώνες αλληλεπικαλύπτονται, επιβάλλεται η οριοθέτηση των θαλασσίων ζωνών είτε μέσω της σύναψης συμφωνιών οριοθέτησης είτε μέσω της διαμεσολάβησης διεθνών δικαιοδοτικών οργάνων. Ωστόσο η εφαρμογή των λύσεων αυτών δεν είναι πάντοτε εφικτή, με αποτέλεσμα να υφίσταται πλήθος διαφορών σχετικά με τα όρια των θαλασσίων ζωνών.Στους σκοπούς της διατριβής συγκαταλέγεται η κατανόηση των ιδιαιτεροτήτων του νομικού καθεστώτος της ανοιχτής θάλασσας στη Μεσόγειο μέσα από την πρακτική των παράκτιων κρατών σε ζητήματα οριοθέτησης θαλασσίων ζωνών, καθώς και η διεπιστημονική διερεύνηση του τρόπου με τον οποίο διαφορετικοί συνδυασμοί αιτιωδών συνθηκών οδηγούν τα παράκτια κράτη της Μεσογείου σε διαφορετικές πολιτικές επιλογές αναφορικά με την οριοθέτηση του θαλάσσιου χώρου της. Για την εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων εφαρμόστηκε συνδυαστικά η μέθοδος της βιβλιογραφικής επισκόπησης και η καινοτόμος μέθοδος της ποιοτικής συγκριτικής ανάλυσης με χρήση διχοτομικών συνόλων (csQCA), ώστε να συγκριθεί το τελικό δείγμα, το οποίο αποτελείται από ζεύγη κρατών που καλύπτουν συνολικά τον χώρο της Μεσογείου. Τα συμπεράσματα της διατριβής καταδεικνύουν ότι η ανοιχτή θάλασσα της Μεσογείου αποτελεί δυνάμει ΑΟΖ επί της οποίας τα παράκτια κράτη της Μεσογείου τρέφουν προσδοκία δικαιώματος σχετικά με την άσκηση των ελευθεριών στην ανοιχτή θάλασσα. Επίσης ότι η συμφωνία ή η ασυμφωνία των παράκτιων κρατών της Μεσογείου ως προς την οριοθέτηση θαλασσίων ζωνών επέρχεται μέσω του συνδυασμού πολλαπλών αναγκαίων και/ή ικανών συνθηκών, καθώς και ότι υφίστανται περισσότερες από μια αιτιώδεις διαδρομές που μπορούν να οδηγήσουν στην παρουσία, αλλά και στην απουσία του μελετώμενου αποτελέσματος, που συνίσταται στη συνομολόγηση και τη θέση σε ισχύ μιας συμφωνίας οριοθέτησης θαλασσίων ζωνών στη Μεσόγειο.
Η επίδραση εξειδικευμένων προγραμμάτων προπόνησης στην ικανότητα απόδοσης νεαρών ποδοσφαιριστών για επαναλαμβανόμενα σπριντ ανάλογα με τη θέση και το σχηματισμό της ομάδας
Authors: Σαμόλης Βασίλειος
Published: June 2022

Στο άθλημα του ποδοσφαίρου παρατηρούνται με μεγάλη συχνότητα δραστηριότητεςυψηλής έντασης με μικρές περιόδους αποκατάστασης εξαιτίας του διαλειμματικούχαρακτήρα του αθλήματος. Η διατήρηση υψηλής έντασης για μεγαλύτερα και πιο συχνάχρονικά διαστήματα αποτελεί καθοριστικό παράγοντα για υψηλή ανταγωνιστική απόδοση.Η ικανότητα ενός ποδοσφαιριστή να εκτελεί επαναλαμβανόμενα σπριντ μικρής διάρκειας μεμικρές περιόδους αποκατάστασης ενδιάμεσα είναι ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμη για την υψηλήαπόδοση στο ποδόσφαιρο και χαρακτηρίζεται ως ικανότητα απόδοσης επαναλαμβανόμενωνσπριντ. Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η διερεύνηση της επίδρασης ενόςεξειδικευμένου παρεμβατικού προγράμματος προπόνησης στην ικανότητα απόδοσης γιαεπαναλαμβανόμενα σπριντ, ανάλογα με τη θέση του ποδοσφαιριστή στον σχηματισμό τηςομάδας. Το δείγμα της μελέτης αποτέλεσαν νεαροί ποδοσφαιριστές υψηλού επιπέδου (μέσηςηλικίας 16 ±0,4 έτη), οι οποίοι χωρίστηκαν σε δύο ομάδες (πειραματική ομάδα, n=22 καιομάδα ελέγχου, n=20). Επιπλέον, διαχωρίστηκαν με βάση τη θέση τους στον σχηματισμό(1-4-3-3) σε πέντε κατηγορίες (κεντρικοί αμυντικοί, ακραίοι αμυντικοί, κεντρικοί μέσοι,ακραίοι επιθετικοί και κεντρικοί επιθετικοί). Η διάρκεια του παρεμβατικού προγράμματοςήταν 12 εβδομάδες, όπου η πειραματική ομάδα πραγματοποίησε ένα πρόγραμμαπροπόνησης επαναλαμβανόμενων σπριντ δύο φορές ανά εβδομάδα ανάλογα με τη θέση στοσχηματισμό της ομάδας. Οι ποδοσφαιριστές υποβλήθηκαν σε δυο δοκιμασίεςεπαναλαμβανόμενων σπριντ στο πεδίο και στο ισοκινητικό δυναμόμετρο για τηναξιολόγηση της μυϊκής δύναμης στην αρχή και στο τέλος της μελέτης. Από τααποτελέσματα των μετρήσεων παρουσιάστηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στονπαράγοντα χρόνο, μόνο στη δεύτερη δοκιμασία των επαναλαμβανόμενων σπριντ, χωρίςόμως να υπάρχουν διαφορές μεταξύ των ομάδων. Στην ισοκινητική αξιολόγηση της μυϊκής6δύναμης παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές στον παράγοντα χρόνο, κυρίωςστους εκτείνοντες μυς και στις τρείς γωνιακές ταχύτητες (60°,180°,300°·sec-1), ωστόσοδιαφορές εμφανίστηκαν στον παράγοντα ομάδα μόνο στη μέγιστη δύναμη. Επιπλέον, ηπροπόνηση δε φάνηκε να έχει σημαντική επίδραση στον παράγοντα θέση τωνποδοσφαιριστών, όπως επίσης και δεν εμφανίστηκαν σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ τωνθέσεων των ποδοσφαιριστών στις δοκιμασίες (δοκιμασίες αξιολόγησης ικανότηταςαπόδοσης επαναλαμβανόμενων σπριντ, δοκιμασία ισοκινητικής αξιολόγησης μυϊκήςδύναμης). Συμπερασματικά, διαπιστώθηκε ότι η προσομοίωση της προπόνησης στιςαγωνιστικές συνθήκες φαίνεται να επηρεάζει την απόδοση των ποδοσφαιριστών στηνικανότητα απόδοσης επαναλαμβανόμενων σπριντ και η εξειδικευμένη προπόνηση στηναγωνιστική θέση μέσα στον σχηματισμό να εμφανίζει θετική επίδραση στη μυϊκή ισχύ τωνποδοσφαιριστών.
Efficiency of Some Insecticides in Controlling Citrus Leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)
Authors: Faskha Shadi
Published: June 2022

The toxicity of four commercial insecticides (mineral oil, azadirachtin, phenthoate and abamectin) in addition to mint oil (variety of terpenoids), against the citrus leaf-miner, Phyllocnistis citrella, larvae, was tested under laboratory conditions using the leaf-dipping method. The bioassay data indicated that abamectin was the most toxic insecticide against P. citrella larvae, followed by azadirachtin, phenthoate, mint oil and finally mineral oil. On the other hand, field evaluation showed that the highest larval mortality was 94.79 and 83.87% induced by abamectin and azadirachtin, respectively, five days after the 2nd application. Mineral oil and phenthoate showed a 72.43 and 61.4% mortality respectively, at 11 days after the 2nd application, and finally mint oil, 49.82% three days after the 1st application.
Effectiveness of balance training on pain and functional outcomes in knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Prabhakar Ashish John , R Shruthi , Thomas Dias Tina , Nayak Pradeepa , Joshua Abraham M. , Prabhu Srikanth , Kamat Yogeesh Dattakumar
Published: June 2022

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes pain and increasing loss of function, resulting in reduced proprioceptive accuracy and balance. Therefore, the goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of balance training on pain and functional outcomes in knee OA.

Methods: “PubMed”, “Scopus”, “Web of Science”, “Cochrane”, and “Physiotherapy Evidence Database” were searched for studies conducted between January 2000 and December 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effectiveness of balance training in knee OA, as well as its effects on pain and functional outcome measures, were included. Conference abstracts, case reports, observational studies, and clinical commentaries were not included. Meta-analysis was conducted for the common outcomes, i.e., Visual Analog Scale (VAS), The Timed Up and Go (TUG), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). The PEDro scale was used to determine the quality of the included studies.

Results: This review includes 22 RCTs of which 17 articles were included for meta-analysis. The included articles had 1456 participants. The meta-analysis showed improvement in the VAS scores in the experimental group compared to the control group [I2 = 92%; mean difference= -0.79; 95% CI= -1.59 to 0.01; p<0.05] and for the WOMAC scores the heterogeneity (I2) was 81% with a mean difference of -0.02 [95% CI= -0.44 to 0.40; p<0.0001]. The TUG score was analyzed, the I2 was 95% with a mean difference of -1.71 [95% CI= -3.09 to -0.33; p<0.0001] for the intervention against the control group.

Conclusions: Balance training significantly reduced knee pain and improved functional outcomes measured with TUG. However, there was no difference observed in WOMAC. Although due to the heterogeneity of the included articles the treatment impact may be overestimated.

Registration: The current systematic review was registered in PROSPERO on 7th October 2021 (registration number CRD42021276674).
Thermal comfort optimization through bioclimatic design in Mediterranean cities
Authors: Hany Nermine , Alaa Hala
Published: June 2022

Background: Bioclimatic design is an approach based on local climate which improves thermal qualities and indoor comfort. Buildings follow this process to minimize negative effects on the environment. However, this approach is still not suitable in developed countries. This study aims to investigate Mediterranean local bioclimatic strategies’ impact on thermal comfort efficiency in housing, by examining architectural elements and treatments.

Methods: We adopted a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, complemented with a software simulation, within a qualitative and quantitative approach. Investigation and methodological tools were based on technical information including plans, elevations, photos, and documentation. The approach consisted of multiple stages: a literature review interpreting the concept of bioclimatic design, as well as thermal comfort variables and common Mediterranean building features. Moreover, the paper showcases three examples of successful Mediterranean passive houses. Furthermore, the paper presents a case- studyhouse in Alex West, Alexandria, designed in the Mediterranean Revival style.

Results: The results showed that the most influencing building features on thermal comfort were the low-pitched roofs and the top chimney, which achieved 12.6% and 5% improvement in the summer and 13% and 6.8% in winter, respectively. The pergola and porch elements barely had an effect when placed on the northern façade. However, on the southern façade, a positive contribution in the summer by 1.4% and 3.4% respectively were reported, but a slight negative impact in winter by 0.5% and 2% respectively.

Conclusions:  We examined the impact of common Mediterranean building features , and compared thermal comfort results between case-study houses. Features focusing on passive design for cooling rather than heating, allowing wind flow for maximized natural ventilation, using ventilated pitched roof spaces, using sun shading elements in the proper facades and angles, help passive thermal regulation. The study proposes recommendations for optimizing thermal comfort in residential buildings in Alexandria, Egypt.
A multi-stakeholder participatory pilot study of the data demands of the future Ethiopian dairy sector
Authors: Perry Brian D. , Aklilu Gebreyes Yacob , Hailemariam Solomon , Legese Getachew , Smyth Karen , Peters Andrew R. , Allan Fiona K. , Tegegne Azage
Published: June 2022

Background:  This paper describes a pilot study undertaken in 2018, to determine the key data needs of each of the different Ethiopian dairy sector stakeholder groups.  The study aimed to characterise the emerging trends of dairy product production, processing, retailing and consumption in Ethiopia, and to identify and characterise current and future data needs of different stakeholders.

Methods:  The study undertook a mapping of the interactions between different stakeholders in the dairy sector, and an interactive evaluation of the institutional data repository and access options.  Focus group discussions and interviews were held in three regions of the country prior to a two-day workshop in the capital Addis Ababa.  Data needs were characterised by type, availability, format, level of detail, methods of dissemination, uptake and use, and the institutional arrangement, including the different roles of public and private sectors in decision making processes.

Results:  The study highlighted the main data needs and identified several broader institutional issues constraining the further development of the Ethiopian dairy sector.  The stakeholder groups endorsed the reactivation of a national dairy board, independent of government but closely incorporating government, and with the buy-in and membership of private sector enterprises, including producers, processers, service providers and consumers, to provide clearer facilitative leadership on the dairy industry.

Conclusions:  The study workshop provided a timely discussion between diverse stakeholders, including government, and several potential organisations were suggested to host and manage a national dairy database. Importantly, the reactivation of a national dairy board was strongly endorsed.  It was recommended that stakeholder links be established, sector-specific data needs be elevated to higher detail, and a national roll out of herd-specific data recording schemes was called for, to allow for effective evidence-based policies and decision making.
The Nonagenarian Neutrino
Authors: Chandra Sivaram , Kenath Arun , OV Kiren
Published: June 2022

December 4, 2020 marks 90 years since the concept of neutrinos was proposed as a consequence of the observed discrepancies in several experiments on radioactive decays of various isotopes. There have been great many developments in our understanding of this elusive particle over the past nine decades, also leading to several Nobel Prizes awarded to work on neutrino physics. But there are many aspects of the neutrinos that are still not completely understood, including even its actual rest mass. The neutrino still remains an enigma and we have yet to learn a lot about its different properties. This article summarises the overall picture of the current understanding of the neutrino, right from its inception.
A Study on the Factors Influencing Online Purchase
Authors: Jaiwant Sunanda Vincent
Published: June 2022

Shopping is the second nature of modern mankind. Shopping has seen evolution and revolution over the period of time. One of the biggest revolutions that the world has seen in the shopping process is the advent of the internet. The Internet has changed the way we buy our things today. It has changed how the businesses perform and also the way the customers purchase the product and services of the business concerns. Online purchasing is the in-thing now. It is the millennial way of thinking and way of purchasing. Even the Indian scenario has seen and felt this transformation. Indian online business has a yearly development of 35% from 2009 to $28 billion every 2016 and furthermore it is normal that they will reach $70 billion by 2020. Online business gives preferences to both the Business supplier and buyers. For the business it is less demanding to advertise a specific item with ease and furthermore the item effectively achieves the worldwide market. For the purchasers they can purchase items from home, so no repetitive work in purchasing and they can exchange at their convenience. Web based business hence has a more prominent advantage given it is extremely secure. This research paper aims to examine the online buying behavior of consumers. The paper also attempts to study the factors influencing such online purchase.
Onion Prices in India 2019-20: A Case Study
Authors: Dey Ayantika
Published: June 2022

This Case Study deals with the sharp increase in the prices of the onions between December of 2019, and January of the following year, 2020. The rise in the prices of onions made people stop consuming onions for a certain period of time. The purpose of this case study is to differentiate comparisons between the related agricultural markets and to provide insights into the magnitude of supply-demand causalities. Along with the recommendations to the government towards the short term and long term interventions in the Onion Prices.
Domestic Violence and Criminal Justice by Nicola Groves & Terry Thomas
Authors: P Ambily
Published: June 2022

Routledge, New York, 2014; Pp. x+150; ISBN: 978-1-84392-820-1.
Acesso a locais para a prática de atividade física entre usuários de Unidades Básicas de Saúde
Authors: Kohn Eduardo Ribes , Häfele Vitor , Siqueira Fernando Vinholes
Published: June 2022

O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a prevalência de acesso a locais para a prática de atividade física (AF) por usuários de Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Foi realizado um estudo de delineamento transversal, de base populacional comunitária, com usuários de 18 anos ou mais, que alguma vez tenham recebido aconselhamento para a prática de AF na UBS e que estivessem aguardando atendimento na sala de espera da UBS. Foram coletadas variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas, comportamentais, de saúde e de acesso a AF. O desfecho, acesso a algum local para prática de AF, foi operacionalizado pela seguinte pergunta: “Após o aconselhamento para a prática de atividade física, o(a) Sr(a) teve acesso a algum local em que fosse possível realizar atividade física?”. Foram entrevistados 248 usuários em 31 UBS visitadas. A prevalência de acesso a locais para a prática de AF foi de 52,8%, sendo os locais públicos os mais acessados (63,4%). Entre quem não teve acesso, 46,2% não procuraram por um local e 29,2% relataram não existir local público adequado. Concluímos que apesar dos usuários de UBS considerarem a AF como importante para a saúde e apesar de ter recebido aconselhamento para a prática de AF, pouco mais da metade dos entrevistados teve acesso a locais de prática de AF.
Ludwig’s Angina
Authors: Romero Jesus , Elkattaway Sherif , Romero Ana , Latif Asnia , Al-Fiky Eman , Al-Nasseri Abraham , Noori Muhammad Atif , Al-Alwani Khaled
Published: June 2022

Ludwig’s angina is a bacterial infection of the tongue and floor of the mouth. It can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Treatment includes IV antibiotics and, in some cases, surgical intervention. In this report, we describe a case with an unusual presentation. Early recognition of the condition in such cases is vital to prevent potential complications.
Acute pain assessments and records: a pilot study of digital transformation
Authors: Roberts Luke , Lanes Sadie , Kyte Jemma , Grady Joanne , Holdship Jonathan , Carey Caroline , Cooney Katrina , Ramessur Suneil
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pain is a leading cause of disability worldwide. Pain assessments are an essential part of evidence-based care and management. Among comparable care providers, there is variation in how nurses document assessments as well as the content in them, and there is a notable associated administrative burden.

Aims:

This study evaluated the impact and significance of a new, structured, digitised pain assessment form from quality, safety and efficiency standpoints.

Methods:

Samples of pain assessments were examined at three consecutive stages: first, the pre-existing form was used, then the new structured form was introduced and, finally, the structured form was taken away and nurses went back to completing the original form. Assessments were scored by two clinical analysts against 18 clinically defined pain-related characteristics and factors. The time taken to extract and interpret the assessments was also recorded. Statistically significant changes were assessed using Welch's t-tests and Fisher's exact tests.

Findings:

There was a significant improvement in data quality using the new structured form compared with the pre-existing template, including an increase in the capture of five safety-related variables. Less time was needed to extract and interpret data with the new form.

Conclusion:

Intelligent structured forms are highly effective for documenting pain assessments, and offer notable benefits in quality, safety, and efficiency.
Inequalities in cancer screening, prevention and service engagement between UK ethnic minority groups
Authors: Abraham Shalin , Foreman Nalini , Sidat Zahirah , Sandhu Pavandeep , Marrone Domenic , Headley Catherine , Akroyd Carol , Nicholson Sarah , Brown Karen , Thomas Anne , Howells Lynne M , Walter Harriet S
Published: June 2022

More people in the UK are living with cancer than ever before. With an increasingly ethnically diverse population, greater emphasis must be placed on understanding factors influencing cancer outcomes. This review seeks to explore UK-specific variations in engagement with cancer services in minority ethnic groups and describe successful interventions. The authors wish to highlight that, despite improvement to engagement and education strategies, inequalities still persist and work to improve cancer outcomes across our communities still needs to be prioritised. There are many reasons why cancer healthcare inequities exist for minority communities, reported on a spectrum ranging from cultural beliefs and awareness, through to racism. Strategies that successfully enhanced engagement included language support; culturally-sensitive reminders; community-based health workers and targeted outreach. Focusing on the diverse city of Leicester the authors describe how healthcare providers, researchers and community champions have worked collectively, delivering targeted community-based strategies to improve awareness and access to cancer services.
Nurses' symptom management and views on death and caring for heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Matsui Miho
Published: June 2022

Background:

The number of older adult patients in Japan is increasing and symptom management is needed not only for cancer patients, but also non-cancer patients.

Aims:

This study investigated nurses' symptom management and their views on death and caring for heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire was conducted. Survey items were implementation of assessment and non-pharmacological interventions for 14 symptoms at the end-of-life stage, participation in palliative care training courses and attitude toward death and caring, as assessed by the Frommelt attitude toward care of the dying (FATCOD) Scale.

Results:

A total of 266 (78.5%) nurses responded. More than 90% implemented symptom assessment of dyspnea and cough for both HF and COPD. The mean FATCOD score was 114.7, participation in on-the-job palliative care training courses (p<0.01), and difficulty with near-death issues (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the FATCOD.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that nurses assessed the major symptoms of HF and COPD. Training courses are important to promote palliative care for non-cancer patients.
Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis of being an oncology nurse: a Turkish oncology nurses' perspective
Authors: Kutlutürkan Sevinç , Kırca Kamile
Published: June 2022

Background:

Oncology nurses play a key role in providing high-quality treatment and care to cancer patients.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine oncology nurses' views of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to oncology nurses.

Methods:

This descriptive pilot study was conducted online between December 2018 and January 2019. The study population consisted of 845 nurses who were members of the Oncology Nursing Association of Turkey. The sample consisted of 80 oncology nurses. Data were collected using an online survey. Participants' responses were grouped and evaluated. Data were analysed using numbers and percentages.

Results:

The mean age of participants was 34.34±8.23 years. A total of 48 participants (60.5%) were university hospital nurses, and 63 (79.5%) were medical oncology nurses. Participants had 8.06±6.72 (mininum 1 and maximum 22) years of work experience as oncology nurses. For participants, the central strengths of oncology nurses were speed, self-confidence, neatness, composure, patience, compassion or attention (72.4%); psychosocial support (64.5%); and training and consultancy (58.1%). For participants, the first three weaknesses of oncology nurses were over-sentimentality, helplessness or burnout (54.2%); working conditions (50%); and limited knowledge (47.3%). For participants, the first three opportunities of oncology nursing were attending organisations on oncology nursing (62.4%), education and research (50%), and developing patience, strength, empathy, and critical thinking skills (48.6%). For participants, the first three threats to oncology nurses were employee safety issues (76.6%), psychosocial problems (65%) and physical problems (48.8%).

Conclusion:

Weaknesses and threats should be eliminated for the development of oncology nursing in the light of its strengths and opportunities.
Research Roundup
Authors: Green Laura
Published: June 2022

Synopses of a selection of recently published research articles of relevance to palliative care
The Beauchêne method: creating an exploded skull
Authors: Murray Laura
Published: June 2022

We take a look at how to create the ‘exploded skull’ used for training students on the anatomy of the skull.
Comparison of fluorescence lifetime and multispectral imaging for quantitative multiplexing in biological tissue
Authors: Pal Rahul , Kumar Anand T. N.
Published: June 2022

Fluorescence lifetime (FLT) multiplexing and multispectral imaging (MSI) are both frequently employed for in vitro and ex vivo biological studies. In vivo applications of MSI for deep seated fluorophores require consideration of diffusive light propagation in biological tissue. We have previously shown that a well-known redshift of fluorescence spectra in diffusive medium induces a fluorophore cross-talk, which cannot be accounted for even with known optical properties of the medium. In contrast, FLT measurements remain largely unaffected by light propagation in tissue, enabling zero cross-talk and accurate relative quantification. While a fully quantitative estimation of fluorophore concentrations requires depth resolved tomographic imaging, this is often not possible due to the difficulty of estimating tissue optical properties and modelling light propagation in complex tissue geometries. Here, we experimentally investigate the performance of planar (non-tomographic) MSI and FLT multiplexing for the quantitative recovery of multiple near-infrared fluorophores embedded in 4-8 mm thick tissue. We show that FLT multiplexing provides a superior quantification accuracy (error < 10%) compared to MSI (error = 20–107%) in tissue. The error rates for MSI increased with tissue thickness and can be directly attributed to the spectral redshift induced cross-talk between emission spectra. Our data indicate that planar FLT multiplexing can provide high quantification accuracy in thick biological tissue without a need for optical property estimation, thereby offering an important validation tool for rapid quantification of fluorophore concentrations in bulk tissue.
Cross-gain modulation-based photonic reservoir computing using low-power-consumption membrane SOA on Si
Authors: Tsurugaya Takuma , Hiraki Tatsurou , Nakajima Mitsumasa , Aihara Takuma , Diamantopoulos Nikolaos-Panteleimon , Fujii Takuro , Segawa Toru , Matsuo Shinji
Published: June 2022

We demonstrate photonic reservoir computing (RC) utilizing cross-gain modulation (XGM) in a membrane semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) on a Si platform. The membrane SOA’s features of small active volume and strong optical confinement enable low-power nonlinear operation of the reservoir, with 101-mW-scale power consumption and 102-µW-scale optical input power. The power consumption is about an order of magnitude lower than that of conventional SOAs that exhibit saturable nonlinearity. The XGM-based reservoir is configured by injecting a delayed feedback signal into the SOA from a direction opposite to the input signal. This configuration provides robust operation of the feedback circuit because of the phase insensitivity and the elimination of loop oscillation risk. The RC performance is evaluated via the information processing capacity (IPC) and a nonlinear benchmark task. It is revealed that the XGM-based reservoir performs strong nonlinear transformation of input time-series signals. The series of results consistently show that the membrane SOA performs RC-applicable nonlinear operations through XGM at a low power scale.
Alignment-insensitive end-pumped continuous-wave crossed-Porro prism Ho3+:YAG laser
Authors: Goth Katharina , Griesbeck Michael , Eitner Madeleine , Büker Hendrik , Eichhorn Marc , Kieleck Christelle
Published: June 2022

A continuous-wave crossed-Porro prism Ho3+:YAG laser is presented and compared with a corresponding mirror resonator. A maximum output power of 30.7 W is reached with a slope efficiency of

67.4

%

with respect to the absorbed pump power. The laser output beam shows a very good beam quality of better than M2 < 1.2 which clearly surpasses that of the mirror resonator. In terms of alignment sensitivity, the crossed-Porro prism resonator is superior to the mirror resonator due to the retro-reflective nature of the prisms in the axis around the apex.
Meter-scale and sub-second-resolution coherent Doppler wind LIDAR and hyperfine wind observation
Authors: Liang Chen , Wang Chong , Xue Xianghui , Dou Xiankang , Chen Tingdi
Published: June 2022

Hyperfine wind structure detection is important for aerodynamic and aviation safety. Pulse coherent Doppler wind LIDAR (PCDWL) is a widespread wind remote sensing method with tunable spatial and temporal resolutions. However, meter scale and sub-second resolution are still challenging for PCDWL. This is because of the constraints among short laser pulse duration, spectral broadening, detection accuracy, and real-time processing. In this Letter, to further improve the spatial and temporal resolution of PCDWL, we optimize the optical design of a nanosecond fiber laser and telescope and adopt a new, to the best of our knowledge, algorithm called the even-order derivative peak sharpening technique. During the experiment, all-fiber PCDWL with spatial and temporal resolutions of 3 m and 0.1 s, respectively, is demonstrated. Two-day continuous observation of the wakes of the Chinese high-speed train shows detailed hyperfine wind structures. This is similar to a computational fluid dynamics simulation.
The Lingering Legacy of Kodachrome
Authors: Daukantas Patricia
Published: June 2022

The first color reversal film—invented by two accomplished
musicians—brought stunning, velvety colors to family snapshots,
famous portraits and world-shaking events alike.
2022 Optica Awards and Medals
Authors: Smith Meredith , Apter Kari , Hornback Samantha
Published: June 2022

Optica is proud to honor and celebrate outstanding contributions
to science, research, engineering, education, industry and society.
RSK1 promotes mammalian axon regeneration by inducing the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins
Authors: Mao Susu , Chen Yuanyuan , Feng Wei , Zhou Songlin , Jiang Chunyi , Zhang Junjie , Liu Xiaohong , Qian Tianmei , Liu Kai , Wang Yaxian , Yao Chun , Gu Xiaosong , Yu Bin
Published: June 2022

In contrast to the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS), the neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate their axons. However, the underlying mechanism dictating the regeneration program after PNS injuries remains poorly understood. Combining chemical inhibitor screening with gain- and loss-of-function analyses, we identified p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) as a crucial regulator of axon regeneration in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). Mechanistically, RSK1 was found to preferentially regulate the synthesis of regeneration-related proteins using ribosomal profiling. Interestingly, RSK1 expression was up-regulated in injured DRG neurons, but not retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Additionally, RSK1 overexpression enhanced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) deletion-induced axon regeneration in RGCs in the adult CNS. Our findings reveal a critical mechanism in inducing protein synthesis that promotes axon regeneration and further suggest RSK1 as a possible therapeutic target for neuronal injury repair.
Developmental shifts in computations used to detect environmental controllability
Authors: Raab Hillary A. , Foord Careen , Ligneul Romain , Hartley Catherine A.
Published: June 2022

Accurate assessment of environmental controllability enables individuals to adaptively adjust their behavior—exploiting rewards when desirable outcomes are contingent upon their actions and minimizing costly deliberation when their actions are inconsequential. However, it remains unclear how estimation of environmental controllability changes from childhood to adulthood. Ninety participants (ages 8–25) completed a task that covertly alternated between controllable and uncontrollable conditions, requiring them to explore different actions to discover the current degree of environmental controllability. We found that while children were able to distinguish controllable and uncontrollable conditions, accuracy of controllability assessments improved with age. Computational modeling revealed that whereas younger participants’ controllability assessments relied on evidence gleaned through random exploration, older participants more effectively recruited their task structure knowledge to make highly informative interventions. Age-related improvements in working memory mediated this qualitative shift toward increased use of an inferential strategy. Collectively, these findings reveal an age-related shift in the cognitive processes engaged to assess environmental controllability. Improved detection of environmental controllability may foster increasingly adaptive behavior over development by revealing when actions can be leveraged for one’s benefit.
Machine learning predicts translation initiation sites in neurologic diseases with nucleotide repeat expansions
Authors: Gleason Alec C. , Ghadge Ghanashyam , Chen Jin , Sonobe Yoshifumi , Roos Raymond P.
Published: June 2022

A number of neurologic diseases associated with expanded nucleotide repeats, including an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, have an unconventional form of translation called repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation. It has been speculated that the repeat regions in the RNA fold into secondary structures in a length-dependent manner, promoting RAN translation. Repeat protein products are translated, accumulate, and may contribute to disease pathogenesis. Nucleotides that flank the repeat region, especially ones closest to the initiation site, are believed to enhance translation initiation. A machine learning model has been published to help identify ATG and near-cognate translation initiation sites; however, this model has diminished predictive power due to its extensive feature selection and limited training data. Here, we overcome this limitation and increase prediction accuracy by the following: a) capture the effect of nucleotides most critical for translation initiation via feature reduction, b) implement an alternative machine learning algorithm better suited for limited data, c) build comprehensive and balanced training data (via sampling without replacement) that includes previously unavailable sequences, and d) split ATG and near-cognate translation initiation codon data to train two separate models. We also design a supplementary scoring system to provide an additional prognostic assessment of model predictions. The resultant models have high performance, with ~85–88% accuracy, exceeding that of the previously published model by >18%. The models presented here are used to identify translation initiation sites in genes associated with a number of neurologic repeat expansion disorders. The results confirm a number of sites of translation initiation upstream of the expanded repeats that have been found experimentally, and predict sites that are not yet established.
Parenting of Spanish mothers and fathers playing with their children at home
Authors: Rivero Magda , Vilaseca Rosa , Cantero María-José , Navarro-Pardo Esperanza , Ferrer Fina , Valls-Vidal Clara , Bersabé Rosa M.
Published: June 2022

The aims of this study were to compare the parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers when evaluated in a free play situation at home and to study how these behaviors were related to the sociodemographic variables of the family. The study included 155 mothers and 155 fathers from the same families in Spain. The children (90 boys and 65 girls) were typically developing and were aged between 10 and 47 months old. The parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, and parenting behaviors in four domains (Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, and Teaching) were assessed from self-recorded videotapes, in accordance with the Spanish version of the PICCOLO. Our results showed both commonalities and differences between the mothers and fathers. The mean scores for the four parenting domains followed a similar pattern in both mothers and fathers: the highest mean score was in the Responsiveness domain, followed by the Affection, Encouragement, and the Teaching domains. Regarding the second aim, no differences were observed in parenting according to the child’s gender and the only domain related to the child’s age was mother’s Teaching. Mothers with a higher educational level scored higher on all parenting domains, except for Responsiveness. Family income was positively related to maternal Affection, Encouragement, and the total PICCOLO score, and to the father’s score in the Teaching domain. This study provides evidence that Spanish mothers and fathers show very similar strengths for promoting children’s development during interactions. These results are relevant to inform social public policies and family programs.
Technical traditions and individual variability in the Early Neolithic: Linear pottery culture flint knappers in the Aisne Valley (France)
Authors: Allard Pierre , Denis Solène
Published: June 2022

For the Early Neolithic lithic industry in Western Europe (5500–4800 BCE), the study of technical behaviors, recognition of technical traditions, and even more so, idiosyncratic manifestations are not widespread. In this study, we propose an original approach to lithic industries based on the identification of "communities of practice" and individuals within housing units. The comparison of lithic series from the Meuse, Rhine and Seine basins allowed us to identify different technical traditions in the Early Neolithic. The study of three dwelling units at two sites in the Aisne Valley in France shows that it is possible to distinguish different flint blade debitages, which we interpreted as the work of different knappers. This novel study of hand-finding in the villages of the first agro-pastoralists populations proves stimulating for the renewal of perspectives on the interpretation of the organization of activities within villages.