bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In-patient psychiatry management of COVID-19: rates of asymptomatic infection and on-unit transmission
Authors: Zhang Emily , LeQuesne Elizabeth , Fichtel Katherine , Ginsberg David , Frankle W. Gordon
Published: September 2020

Background

New York City's first case of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified on 1 March 2020, prompting rapid restructuring of hospital-based services to accommodate the increasing numbers of medical admissions. Non-essential services were eliminated but in-patient treatment of psychiatric illnesses was necessarily maintained.

Aims

To detail the response of the NYU Langone Health in-patient psychiatric services to the COVID-19 outbreak from 1 March to 1 May 2020.

Method

Process improvement/quality improvement study.

Results

Over this time period, our two in-patient psychiatric units (57 total beds) treated 238 patients, including COVID-19-positive and -negative individuals. Testing for COVID-19 was initially limited to symptomatic patients but expanded over the 62-day time frame. In total, 122 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed in 98 patients. We observed an overall rate of COVID-19 infection of 15.6% in the patients who were tested, with an asymptomatic positive rate of 13.7%. Although phased roll-out of testing impaired the ability to fully track on-unit transmission of COVID-19, 3% of cases were clearly identified as results of on-unit transmission.

Conclusions

Our experience indicates that, with appropriate precautions, patients in need of in-patient psychiatric admission who have COVID-19 can be safely managed. We provide suggested guidelines for COVID-19 management on in-patient psychiatric units which incorporate our own experiences as well as published recommendations.
Mammalian stress granules and P bodies at a glance
Authors: Riggs Claire L. , Kedersha Nancy , Ivanov Pavel , Anderson Paul
Published: September 2020

Stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs) are membraneless ribonucleoprotein-based cellular compartments that assemble in response to stress. SGs and PBs form through liquid–liquid phase separation that is driven by high local concentrations of key proteins and RNAs, both of which dynamically shuttle between the granules and the cytoplasm. SGs uniquely contain certain translation initiation factors and PBs are uniquely enriched with factors related to mRNA degradation and decay, although recent analyses reveal much broader protein commonality between these granules. Despite detailed knowledge of their composition and dynamics, the function of SGs and PBs remains poorly understood. Both, however, contain mRNAs, implicating their assembly in the regulation of RNA metabolism. SGs may also serve as hubs that rewire signaling events during stress. By contrast, PBs may constitute RNA storage centers, independent of mRNA decay. The aberrant assembly or disassembly of these granules has pathological implications in cancer, viral infection and neurodegeneration. Here, we review the current concepts regarding the formation, composition, dynamics, function and involvement in disease of SGs and PBs.
Policy Language and Information Effects in the Early Days of Federal Reserve Forward Guidance
Authors: Lunsford Kurt G.
Published: September 2020

I show that the nature of the Federal Open Market Committee’s (FOMC’s) forward guidance language shapes the private sector’s responses to monetary policy statements. From February 2000 to June 2003, the FOMC only gave forward guidance about economic outlook risks, and a decrease in the expected federal funds rate path caused stock prices to fall, GDP growth forecasts to fall, and the unemployment rate to rise. From August 2003 to May 2006, the FOMC added forward guidance about policy inclinations, and a decrease in the expected federal funds rate path had the opposite effects. These results suggest that forward guidance that emphasizes economic outlook risks causes stronger information effects than forward guidance that emphasizes policy inclinations. (JEL D83, E52, E58, E66)
Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Nutrition Knowledge of Irish Dancers
Authors: Challis Jasmine , Cahalan Roisin , Jakeman Phil , Nibhriain Orfhlaith , Cronin Linda , Reeves Sue
Published: September 2020

Irish dance requires lengthy, intensive training to perform at a high level in competitions and professionally. Irish dancers have been known to have high injury rates. Appropriate nutrient and fluid intakes have been shown to minimize the risk of fatigue and injury during training
and performance in sport, but there is a lack of evidence as to whether and how this might apply in Irish dance. Forty adult Irish dancers, 35 females (age 21 ± 3 years) and five males (aged 27 ± 8 years), professionals or in full time training, were recruited for this study
to investigate nutrition knowledge, dietary intake, and body composition. Participants were asked to complete "The Sport Nutrition Questionnaire," a sport- and dance-specific nutrition knowledge questionnaire, 4 day estimated food diaries, and under-take a dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan
to assess body composition. Food diaries were analyzed using Dietplan 7. Reported energy, fiber, iron (females), magnesium (females), selenium, iodine (females), and folate (females) intakes were below United Kingdom dietary reference values. Fruit and vegetable intakes were low: 2.7 ±
1.4 portions per day. Sixteen percent of days reported contained no fruits or vegetables. Mean body mass index (BMI) for 35 female participants was 23.2 ± 3.3 kg/m2, mean BMI for five male participants was 22.2 ± 1.6 kg/m2. Mean body fat measured by DXA
in 18 female participants was 33.4% ± 6.9%, which was higher than seen in other dance populations. Mean lean mass was 40.8 ± 5.6 kg. Mean score for the nutrition knowledge questionnaire in which the maximum score is 65, was 30.5 ± 7.6 (47% ± 11.7%), range: 9 to
44 (14% to 68%). The ability of the Irish dancers to correctly identify foods as being high or low in carbohydrate, protein, and fat varied widely. Body composition did not correlate with intake of any nutrient but did correlate with nutrition knowledge questionnaire score (r = -.663, p <
0.001). Given the dietary intakes and nutrition knowledge exhibited by the dancers in this study, further work is needed to inform and improve diets and support the demands of Irish dance.
Large scale enterohemorrhagic E coli population genomic analysis using whole genome typing reveals recombination clusters and potential drug target
Authors: Bandoy DJ Darwin
Published: September 2020

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli continues to be a significant public health risk. With the onset of next generation sequencing, whole genome sequences require a new paradigm of analysis relevant for epidemiology and drug discovery. A large-scale bacterial population genomic analysis was applied to 702 isolates of serotypes associated with EHEC resulting in five pangenome clusters. Serotype incongruence with pangenome types suggests recombination clusters. Core genome analysis was performed to determine the population wide distribution of sdiA as potential drug target. Protein modelling revealed nonsynonymous variants are notably absent in the ligand binding site for quorum sensing, indicating that population wide conservation of the sdiA ligand site can be targeted for potential prophylactic purposes. Applying pathotype-wide pangenomics as a guide for determining evolution of pharmacophore sites is a potential approach in drug discovery.
In silico study on RNA structures of intronic mutations of beta-globin gene
Authors: Sumantri Nur Imaniati , Lischer Kenny , Wijayanti Dian Rachma , Abuzairi Tomy
Published: September 2020

Background: Mutation of the beta-globin gene (HBB) interferes with primary mRNA transcription, leading to beta-thalassemia disease. The IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 mutations were reported as two of the most prevalent intronic mutations associated with beta-thalassemia major. These mutations may affect the mRNA structure of the human beta-globin (HBB) gene. However, the mechanism by which variation in HBB alters the mRNA structure remains unclear. The objective of this study was to unveil the secondary and tertiary conformation difference of the mutants compared to the wildtype using in silico analysis.

Methods: The sequence of HBB was obtained from Ensemble database and mutated manually at nucleotides 143 (IVS1nt1G>T) and 147 (IVS1nt5G>C). The RNA secondary and tertiary structure were performed by ViennaRNA Web Services and 3dRNA v2.0, respectively.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed the unique folding characteristics of each mutations for the secondary and tertiary structures. Based on the structure, unwanted folding occurred in the IVS1nt1G>T and IVS1nt5G>C mRNA structures compared to the wild-type structure. This finding was supported by the results of centroid-based analysis and RNA structure analysis, indicating that the larger loops in IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 result in an unstable structure. Our study found that intronic mutations affect the mRNA structure of HBB by altering its folding mechanism.
Recent advances in understanding and managing secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Rodríguez-Ortiz María E. , Rodríguez Mariano
Published: September 2020

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a complex pathology that develops as chronic kidney disease progresses. The retention of phosphorus and the reductions in calcium and vitamin D levels stimulate the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone as well as the proliferation rate of parathyroid cells. Parathyroid growth is initially diffuse but it becomes nodular as the disease progresses, making the gland less susceptible to be inhibited. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of secondary hyperparathyroidism are well known, new evidence has shed light on unknown aspects of the deregulation of parathyroid function. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an important feature of chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder and plays an important role in the development of bone disease and vascular calcification. Thus, part of the management of chronic kidney disease relies on maintaining acceptable levels of mineral metabolism parameters in an attempt to slow down or prevent the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism. Here, we will also review the latest evidence regarding several aspects of the clinical and surgical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Designing an e-learning tool to support health practitioners caring for patients taking multiple medications
Authors: Hanlon Michelle , Hogan Michael , Durand Hannah , Pilch Monika , Harney Owen , Molloy Gerard , Murphy Andrew W.
Published: September 2020

Background: Population ageing and improvements in healthcare mean the number of people living with two or more chronic conditions, or ‘multimorbidity’, is rapidly increasing. This presents a challenge to current disease-specific care delivery models. Adherence to prescribed medications appears particularly challenging for individuals living with multimorbidity, given the often-complex drug regimens required to treat multiple conditions. Poor adherence is associated with increased mortality, as well as wasted healthcare resources. Supporting medication adherence is a key priority for general practitioners (GPs) and practice nurses as they are responsible for much of the disease counselling and medication prescribing associated with chronic illnesses. Despite this, practical resources and training for health practitioners on how to promote adherence in practice is currently lacking. Informed by the principles of patient and public involvement (PPI), the aim of this research was to develop a patient informed e-learning resource to help GPs and nurses support medication adherence. 

Method: Utilising collective intelligence (CI) and scenario-based design (SBD) methodology, input was gathered from 16 stakeholders to gain insights into barriers to supporting people with multimorbidity who are receiving polypharmacy, strategies for overcoming these barriers, and user needs and requirements to inform the design of the e-learning tool.

Results: In total, 67 barriers to supporting people who are taking multiple medications were identified across 8 barrier categories. 162 options for overcoming the identified barriers were then generated. This data was used in the design of a short and flexible e-learning tool for continuous professional development, that has been integrated into general practice and clinical education programmes as a supportive tool.

Conclusions: Using CI and SBD methodology was an effective way of facilitating collaboration, idea-generation, and the co-creation of design solutions amongst a diverse group of stakeholders. This approach could be usefully applied to address other complex healthcare-related challenges.
O PAPEL DO CORPO EM DUAS CONCEPÇÕES DE SUJEITO: O COGITO CARTESIANO E O EXPERIENCIALISMO / The role of the body in two conceptions of subject: the cartesian cogito and the experientialism
Authors: Freitas Patrícia Oliveira de
Published: September 2020

Este artigo de natureza qualitativa tem como objetivo delinear a concepção de sujeito proposta pela Linguística Cognitiva, tendo em vista que a noção de subjetividade, para o constructo teórico em questão, nem sempre é explícita. Para levar a cabo tal empreitada, este estudo fundamenta-se no pressuposto de que, para se estudar a mente humana, não se deve excluir o corpo do processo analítico (LAKOFF; JOHNSON, 1980; LAKOFF, 1987; JOHNSON, 1987). Assim sendo, acredita-se que a inserção da encarnação física humana no quadro teórico da razão, isto é, a teorização da promoção do corpo ao mesmo patamar ocupado pela mente, sem a possibilidade de dissociação entre eles, seja o fator crucial para se alcançar uma definição possível do que se trata o sujeito para a Linguística Cognitiva. Com o intuito de suscitar tal discussão, resgatam-se, inicialmente, as questões relacionadas ao sujeito engendrado no século XVII, influenciado por René Descartes com a intuição intelectual do cogito, no advento da Filosofia Moderna: o sujeito gerido pela substancialidade, universalidade e consciência. Como contraponto ao sujeito cartesiano, discute-se o paradigma filosófico da Hipótese da Corporificação, tornando possível o debate sobre o inconsciente cognitivo, a mente corporificada e o pensamento metafórico. Desse modo, pretende-se lançar mão do conceito de consciência, bem como os dualismos sobre mente/corpo, interioridade/exterioridade, racionalismo/empirismo e universalismo/relativismo.
Optimising bowel preparation before colonoscopy
Authors: Chapman Warren , Marshall Sarah
Published: September 2020

A clean colon is required for a colonoscopy to be effective. Therefore, patients undergo a bowel preparation in advance of the procedure to clear the colon. Typically, this involves drinking 2 litres of polyethylene glycol or macrogol (PEG) solution, but dislike of the taste or having to drink such a large volume causes some patients not to adhere to this regimen. To address this, a PEG solution has been developed that requires patients to drink only 1 litre of bowel preparation in two flavours. The hope is this will increase patient adherence
Long-term bisphosphonate treatment coupled with ovariectomy in mice provokes deleterious effects on femoral neck fracture pattern and modifies tibial shape
Authors: Monzem Samuel , Ballester Rafael Y. , Javaheri Behzad , Poulet Blandine , Sônego Dábila A. , Pitsillides Andrew A. , Souza Roberto L.
Published: September 2020

Aims

The processes linking long-term bisphosphonate treatment to atypical fracture remain elusive. To establish a means of exploring this link, we have examined how long-term bisphosphonate treatment with prior ovariectomy modifies femur fracture behaviour and tibia mass and shape in murine bones.

Methods

Three groups (seven per group) of 12-week-old mice were: 1) ovariectomized and 20 weeks thereafter treated weekly for 24 weeks with 100 μm/kg subcutaneous ibandronate (OVX+IBN); 2) ovariectomized (OVX); or 3) sham-operated (SHAM). Quantitative fracture analysis generated biomechanical properties for the femoral neck. Tibiae were microCT scanned and trabecular (proximal metaphysis) and cortical parameters along almost its whole length measured.

Results

Fracture analyses revealed that OVX+IBN significantly reduced yield displacement (vs SHAM/OVX) and resilience, and increased stiffness (vs SHAM). OVX+IBN elevated tibial trabecular parameters and also increased cortical cross-sectional area and second moment of area around minor axis, and diminished ellipticity proximally.

Conclusion

These data indicate that combined ovariectomy and bisphosphonate generates cortical changes linked with greater bone brittleness and modified fracture characteristics, which may provide a basis in mice for interrogating the mechanisms and genetics of atypical fracture aetiology. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-9:512–519.
Errors and uncertainties in simulation of steady, viscous flow past a circular cylinder at Re = 20 using a systematic approach
Authors: SEENI Aravind , RAJENDRAN Parvathy , HUSSIN Mamat , ISMAIL Farzad
Published: September 2020

The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics as a tool for design and analysis of aerospace systems is well established. Since the results generated by a CFD solver are numerical approximations, the solution is inherently produced with errors and uncertainties. In this paper, a simple fluid flow problem of laminar, incompressible flow past a circular cylinder at Reynolds number of 20 is allowed to be solved by the well-known finite-volume solver ANSYS Fluent. The effect of variations in mesh resolution, domain boundary location and residual criteria settings is investigated. For all the cases, finite, structured meshes of acceptable quality are used. The influence of variables on the cylinder’s drag results is analyzed and discussed. An interesting pattern in results has been observed. The study on the variation in mesh resolution showed no presence of mesh independent solution. The study on the variation of the domain distance showed that it is necessary to increase the diameter of the circle several thousand times to obtain a domain independent solution.
The Influence of Temperature on the Strength of Hybrid Metal-Composite Multi-Bolts Joints
Authors: COMAN Calin-Dumitru
Published: September 2020

This paper presents the temperature influence on the strength of the hybrid metal-composite multi-bolted joints. A detailed 3D finite element model, incorporating all possible nonlinearities as large deformations, in plane nonlinear shear deformations, elastic properties degradation of the composite material and friction-based full contact, is developed to anticipate the temperature changing effects on the progressive damage analysis (PDA) at lamina level and failure modes of metal-composite multi-bolted joints. The PDA material model accounts for lamina nonlinear shear deformation, Hashin-type failure criteria and strain-based continuum degradation rules being developed using the UMAT user subroutine in Nastran commercial software. In order to validate the temperature effects on the failure modes of the joint with protruding and countersunk bolts, experiments were conducted using the SHM (Structural Health Monitoring) technique in the temperature controlled chamber. The results showed that the temperature effects on damage initiation and failure modes have to be taken into account in the design process in order to fructify the high specific strength of the composites. Experimental results were quite accurately predicted by the PDA material model, which proved to be computational efficient and can predict failure propagation and damage mechanism in hybrid metal-composite multi-bolted joints.
Design and Development of Multirotor UAV with Automatic Collision Avoidance using Stereo Camera
Authors: DEMIANNAY Nicolas , BESNIER Nicolas , THOMAS Cris , THAPA Vikas , DEVALLA Vindhya , MONDAL Amit Kumar
Published: September 2020

The operation of drones in cluttered environments like forests and hilly areas is extremely difficult; it is impossible to use drones autonomously without having built-in information to detect and avoid obstacles. The vision based obstacle avoidance algorithm is presented in this paper, with extensions to UAV navigation. The proposed method is incorporated on a stereo vison multi copter using a block matching algorithm. The stereo vision baseline is based on horizontal configuration and computes the depth using a sum of absolute difference algorithm. The image processing node (LabVIEW vi) and the controller node are run on a remote laptop. This vi computes the distance between the multirotor and an obstacle and transmits depth data to an onboard flight controller through the MAVLink protocol. The algorithm efficiency was tested using the software in the loop on Gazebo simulator to analyze the performance of the UAV. The hardware in loop results are also shown in this paper after the successful flight test.
Proposal of Rydberg atomic receiver for amplitude-modulated microwave signals with active Raman gain
Authors: Cai Yongqi , Wang Jing , Lin Lidan , Lu Xiao , Li Yuxia , Peng Yandong
Published: September 2020

An efficient scheme for a microwave (MW) receiver is proposed based on the active Raman gain (ARG) in Rydberg atoms. The

87

R
b

atoms are excited to the Rydberg state

(

53

D

5

/

2

)

, and the gain spectrum has a single gain peak. The MW field is resonant with the Rydberg transition

(

53

D

5

/

2

→

54

P

3

/

2

)

, resulting in a split in the gain spectrum. The frequency splitting of two peaks depends linearly on the MW field strength. The distortion and attenuation of the probe field are reduced, due to the system's operating in the stimulated Raman emission mode. Simulation results show that the fidelity of MW communication based on the Rydberg atomic ARG scheme is improved by at least 10 times compared to that based on an electromagnetically induced transparency scheme, and the system seems more robust to amplitude modulation signals with different modulation depths.
Receiving sensitivity improvement by wide-spectrum OAM with OTDM and polarization multiplexing in weak atmospheric turbulence
Authors: Yang Qiaochu , Wang Tianshu , Chen Junda , Lin Peng , Jiang Ziqi , Sun Zhiwen , Yu Ce , Sun Heyang , Jiang Huilin
Published: September 2020

In this paper, a wide-spectrum orbital angular momentum (OAM) system with a polarization and optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) free-space transmission system is experimentally demonstrated. To enhance the system transmission performance in atmospheric turbulent channel, a wide-spectrum laser and an OAM beam are used. The wide-spectrum laser can be generated by utilizing pumped laser to pump nonlinear fiber, and OAM can be generated with a special light modulator. Furthermore, OTDM and polarization multiplexing methods are used to enhance the communication rate from 4 Gbit/s to 32 Gbit/s. With the use of the wide-spectrum laser and the OAM beam, the receiving scintillation index (SI) can be reduced, and detection sensitivity can be improved. It is the first time a wide-spectrum OAM communication system performance has been studied. It is shown that under weak atmospheric turbulence condition, the SI can be reduced by 38% and the receiving sensitivity can be improved by 3.18 dB via wide-spectrum OAM beams.
Calibration method of three-dimensional plane array laser radar based on space-time transformation
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Sun Lipeng , Chen Yongran , Bi Yong
Published: September 2020

As a measurement system that can realize target detection and optical imaging, the accuracy of three-dimensional laser radar is a main performance index, which makes calibration an extremely important work. Traditional calibration methods have many disadvantages, such as harsh environment requirements, complex and tedious calibration processes, and inaccurate calibration results. To solve these problems, we propose a calibration method so that the relative position of the cooperative target and the detection sensor is fixed. The principle of space-time transform is used to simulate distance, and the synchronous control of distance is realized by controlling the delay module. In addition, a simple and practical calibration device is designed. In the actual measurement, the average absolute error is 0.0019 m, and the relative error is 0.0678% in the range of 0.5–25 m. The experimental results show that this method is stable and accurate, and it can calibrate the plane array laser radar quickly and accurately.
Developing an optical design pipeline for correcting lens aberrations and vignetting in light field cameras
Authors: Cui Qi , Zhu Shuaishuai , Gao Liang
Published: September 2020

Light field cameras have been employed in myriad applications thanks to their 3D imaging capability. By placing a microlens array in front of a conventional camera, one can measure both the spatial and angular information of incoming light rays and reconstruct a depth map. The unique optical architecture of light field cameras poses new challenges on controlling aberrations and vignetting in lens design process. The results of our study show that field curvature can be numerically corrected for by digital refocusing, and vignetting must be minimized because it reduces the depth reconstruction accuracy. To address this unmet need, we herein present an optical design pipeline for light field cameras and demonstrated its implementation in a light field endoscope.
Chaotic synchronization of a distant star-type laser network with multiple optical injections
Authors: Xiong Xue-Yan , Shi Binglei , Yang Yanling , Ge Li , Wu Jia-Gui
Published: September 2020

A novel multi-injection module (MIM) is introduced into a typical distant star-type laser network, which is composed of a hub semiconductor laser node (H-SLN), star semiconductor laser nodes (S-SLNs) and tens of kilometers of fiber links. The chaotic synchronization of this distant network is investigated both experimentally and theoretically. As a result of using the MIM, a significantly low correlation (about 0.2) is successfully achieved between the H-SLN and S-SLNs in different clusters. This correlation is much lower than in previously reported results. Even when the fiber length is extended to 80 kilometers a low correlation (about 0.18) between the H-SLN and S-SLNs in different clusters is also obtained. Moreover, the dependence of chaotic synchronization on the operating conditions, such as the injection power, frequency detuning, and frequency mismatch between arbitrary nodes are examined. Lastly, using a theoretical model, we discuss the broad conditions for achieving chaotic synchronization among S-SLNs in the same cluster, and analyze the effect of the MIM branch number on chaotic synchronization.
11  W YLF-based intra-cavity pumped Ho laser with near diffraction limited beam quality
Authors: Huang Haizhou , Hu Huawen , Deng Jing , Li Jinghui , Zhang Jiangdian , Zheng Hui , Lin Wenxiong
Published: September 2020

We develop a fluoride-based intra-cavity pumped Ho laser for the first time, where the severe thermal lensing of the intra-cavity pumping mechanism can be compensated by the negative thermal-optical property of the

Y
L
i

F

4

(YLF) host. A maximum output power of 11.3 W (

π

-pol) at 2062 nm, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 28.2% from the incident diode laser to the Ho laser, was obtained with a power instability below 0.5% and a near diffraction limited beam quality with

M
2

of 1.06 and 1.25 in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. These are the maximum power and the best beam quality for the reported compact intra-cavity pumped Ho lasers, to the best of our knowledge.
Quantification of trace elements in molten aluminum with randomized impurity concentrations using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Gudmundsson Sveinn H. , Matthiasson Jon , Leosson Kristjan
Published: September 2020

An industrial molten metal chemical analyzer based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been used to perform concentration analysis of important trace elements (Fe,Si,Cr,Mn,Ti, 20-3000 ppm) in liquid aluminum. In order to rule out accidental correlations between different elements in the spectral analysis, the impurity concentration of the measured samples was fully randomized. Reference concentration measurements were performed using arc-spark optical emission spectroscopy (spark-OES) on solid samples cast from the full volume of the LIBS-analyzed melt. For elements Fe, Cr, Mn and Ti, correlation coefficients and prediction uncertainty of LIBS measurements, using a linear correlation model, are shown to be determined mainly by random measurement error, which was of the order of 1% for both the LIBS analysis and the spark-OES analysis for concentrations above 100 ppm for all of the investigated elements. In the case of silicon, we postulate that inhomogeneous solidification is leading to a reduced absolute accuracy of spark-OES reference measurements and a corresponding increase in the minimum prediction uncertainty. The results confirm that LIBS analysis of molten aluminum can be used for on-line process control in the aluminum industry by providing measurement accuracy comparable of current industry-standard laboratory analysis methods.
Hyaluronan and Its Receptors as Regulatory Molecules of the Endothelial Interface
Authors: Queisser Kimberly A. , Mellema Rebecca A. , Petrey Aaron C.
Published: September 2020

On the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) lies the glycocalyx, a barrier of polysaccharides that isolates the ECs from the blood. The role of the glycocalyx is dynamic and complex, thanks to not only its structure, but its vast number of components, one being hyaluronan (HA). HA is a critical component of the glycocalyx, having been found to have a wide variety of functions depending on its molecular weight, its modification, and receptor–ligand interactions. As HA and viscous blood are in constant contact, HA can transmit mechanosensory information directly to the cytoskeleton of the ECs. The degradation and synthesis of HA directly alters the permeability of the EC barrier; HA modulation not only alters the physical barrier but also can signal the initiation of other pathways. EC proliferation and angiogenesis are in part regulated by HA fragmentation, HA-dependent receptor binding, and downstream signals. The interaction between the CD44 receptor and HA is a driving force behind leukocyte recruitment, but each class of leukocyte still interacts with HA in unique ways during inflammation. HA regulates a diverse repertoire of EC functions.
An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the digestive tract of Varanus salvator (Reptile: Varanidae)
Authors: Mahfud Mahfud , Ernawati Ernawati , Mahmud Nur R. Adawiyah , Budipitojo Teguh , Wijayanto Hery
Published: September 2020

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify the distribution pattern and frequency of endocrine cell types in the digestive tract of Varanus salvator.

Materials and Methods: The presence of endocrine cells (glucagon, somatostatin, and serotonin) in the digestive tract (esophagus, stomach, and intestine) was detected using the avidin-biotin complex (ABC) method.

Results: Three types of endocrine cells immunoreactive to antisera glucagon, serotonin, and somatostatin were found in the caudal portion of the small and large intestines but were not observed in the esophagus, stomach, and caput and medial sections of the small intestine. Endocrine cells distributed in the digestive tract of V. salvator vary in color intensity, from weak to sharp, in response to the primer antibody.

Conclusion: Endocrine cells in the digestive tract that is immunoreactive to glucagon, somatostatin, and serotonin are those found in the caudal portion of the small and large intestines. They are varied in distribution pattern, frequency, and color intensity.
Campus-Wide Collaborative Effort to Increase Student Sense of Belonging
Authors: Day Danette Verna , Strittmatter Connie
Published: September 2020

This paper examines one university’s experience developing a campus-wide collaborative effort to celebrate Dr. Martin Luther King. Recognizing the importance of student participation on students’ sense of belonging, the program planning and events emphasized student involvement. To illustrate the importance of student belonging at the university level, we discuss the universal application of Maslow’s (1954) belonging needs. From there, we explore the theoretical literature by Cooper (2009), Tinto (1993), Astin (1993) and Bandura (1977) on student belonging within higher education. We describe the Dr. King program and analyze it at the programmatic level by applying elements of Kezar’s (2005) model of institutional collaboration in higher education. We conclude by discussing the benefits of student involvement in the planning process and as participants in the program sessions to demonstrate how institutional collaboration that encompasses true student involvement can positively impact students’ sense of belonging at the university level.
Challenging, Exciting, Impersonal, Nervous: Academic experiences of large class teaching
Authors: Hubbard Katharine , Tallents Lucy
Published: September 2020

Massification of Higher Education has resulted in a rapid increase in undergraduate populations, without an increase in the number of teaching staff. One consequence is that students are typically taught in larger classes. While the impact of class size on student satisfaction and attainment is debated, there has been little attention paid to the academic experience of large class teaching. We present results of a questionnaire completed by 80 academics, primarily based in the UK. Academics perceived classes of 100 or more as large, and most had taught classes of several hundred students. Academic perceptions of large class teaching varied considerably. We find no evidence that institution type or contract type affects perceptions of large class teaching. We also find a lack of training that specifically addresses the demands of large class teaching. We call on academic developers to support academics teaching large cohorts to ensure effective education at scale.
Fasting Plasma Glucose Variability and Gastric Cancer Risk in Individuals Without Diabetes Mellitus: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hong So-hyeon , Noh Eunjin , Kim Jinsil , Hwang Soon Young , Kim Jun A. , Lee You-Bin , Roh Eun , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Cho Geum Joon , Yoo Hye Jin
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Long-term glycemic variability is associated with various adverse health outcomes in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the relationship between glycemic variability and gastric cancer remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between glycemic variability and gastric cancer incidence in individuals without DM.

METHODS:

We used the Korean National Health Insurance Service data sets of claims and health checkups and included 202,562 individuals without DM. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) variability was measured using the variability independent of the mean (VIM), coefficient of variation, SD, and average successive variability. The association between FPG variability and gastric cancer incidence was analyzed using Cox regression adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol consumption, regular exercise, income level, family history of cancer, mean FPG level, and number/mean interval of FPG measurements.

RESULTS:

In total, 1,920 patients developed gastric cancer (0.95%) within a median follow-up of 5.6 (5.3, 6.4) years. The fully adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for gastric cancer were 1.26 and 1.18–1.34, respectively, in the highest quartile of FPG variability assessed by VIM compared with that in the lowest quartile. Similar results were obtained in the normal and impaired fasting glucose groups and when using the variability indexes, including coefficient of variation, SD, and average successive variability. There was a sequential increase in the incidence of gastric cancer according to the increase in the deciles of FPG variability (P for linear trend <0.001). A 1-SD increase in FPG variability assessed by VIM was significantly associated with a 10.0% increase in gastric cancer risk in the fully adjusted model.

DISCUSSION:

In a DM-free population, high variability in visit-to-visit FPG levels was independently associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer.
EFICIÊNCIA DOS HOSPITAIS ESTADUAIS DE SANTA CATARINA: UM COMPARATIVO ENTRE MODELOS DE GESTÃO
Authors: Rodrigues Antonio Felipe Oliveira , Sallum Silvio Bhering , Raupp Fabiano Maury
Published: September 2020

O artigo analisa a eficiência dos serviços de saúde prestados pelos 18 hospitais estaduais de Santa Catarina nos quais a gestão é feita diretamente pelo Estado ou por Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS). Empreendeu-se uma pesquisa descritiva, por meio de um estudo documental, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados obtidos na Secretaria Estadual da Saúde foram analisados por meio da Análise Envoltória de Dados (DEA) em três estágios, conforme é usualmente feito na literatura sobre o tema. Os resultados demonstram que os hospitais geridos por OSS são mais eficientes, sendo que 60% deles atingiram escore máximo em 2017 e apenas um hospital da administração direta atingiu o mesmo índice. Evidências atribuem a evolução na eficiência dos hospitais à melhoria na eficiência técnica (5,4%), ou seja, aspectos internos da produção. No entanto, verificou-se uma redução da eficiência tecnológica ao longo dos anos (2,2%). Por fim, a análise de dados em painel constatou um aumento médio de 1,9% na produtividade total dos fatores nos hospitais analisados durante o período investigado. A originalidade do estudo é reconhecida diante da escassez de trabalhos desenvolvidos sobre a temática em tela. Neste sentido, e entendendo pela importância dos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se a aplicação do modelo de gestão das OSS para os outros hospitais.
Territórios pesqueiros na Baía de todos os Santos
Authors: Rios Kássia Aguiar Norberto
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma analise das especificidades que envolvem as disputas territoriais presentes nas comunidades tradicionais pesqueiras da Baía de Todos os Santos (BTS) e, a partir disto, os desafios e perspectivas que envolvem a regularização de seus territórios. A BTS considerada a segunda maior baía do Brasil, possui uma área superior a 1,1 mil km² e um perímetro de 200 km. Atualmente, abrange em seu entorno 16 municípios que tem, dentre suas principais atividades econômicas, a prática da pesca artesanal. Na BTS existem cerca de 241 comunidades pesqueiras identificadas e mais de 72.949 mil pescadores artesanais cadastrados que sobrevivem da pesca e da mariscagem. Todavia o que se observa é que os ambientes que constituem a BTS – os mesmos utilizados pelas comunidades tradicionais pesqueiras – têm sido gradativamente ocupados, privatizados, contaminados, etc. Daí o surgimento das disputas territoriais e, também, a necessidade da regularização do território tradicional local. Metodologicamente, buscamos através da realização de levantamentos bibliográficos, estatísticos, cartográficos e da realização de pesquisa de campo, construir um banco de dados que nos permitiu identificar e analisar as principais especificidades que envolvem as comunidades pesqueiras do litoral baiano na BTS; assim como espacializar através de tabelas e mapas temáticos a distribuição dessas comunidades e as principais disputas territoriais vivenciadas. Tais etapas nos levaram a pensar os desafios e perspectivas que envolvem a regularização dos territórios pesqueiros no litoral baiano.
Reseña / Universidad en Movimiento. Curricularizar la Extensión
Authors: Pupio María Alejandra
Published: September 2020

Universidad en Movimiento. Curricularizar la Extensión es un libro escrito sobre la base de más de quince años de trabajo de redes y contactos en territorio.Tal como enuncian en la Introducción Ivanna Petz y Liliana Elsegood, el punto de partida de la obra fue un proyecto de investigación interdisciplinario e interinstitucional que buscó la reflexión de la curricularización propuesta por la Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda (UNDAV). Esto fue posible debido a las políticas públicas en las universidades nacionales a partir del año 2003, que incluyen el apoyo a las prácticas extensionistas a través de convocatorias a subsidios, a reuniones y congresos nacionales, la creación de la Red de Extensión de Universidades Nacionales (REXUNI) y la promoción de publicaciones periódicas de la especialidad.
Ethanolic Extract of Citrus reticulata Peel Inhibits the Migration of WiDr Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Astuti Yoni , Primasari Aulia
Published: September 2020

Colorectal cancer is third rank on the cancer cases in Indonesia. To cure the cancer needs big cost and lot of effort. On the other side, the side effect of medicine or chemotherapy on patient need to reduce. Cancer cell spread to other tissue based on its migration and invasion ability. Citrus reticulata peel contains flavonoid such as Tangeretin and Nobiletin, both of this compounds have anticancer activity. The aims of this study is to reveals the potency of ethanol extract of Citrus reticulata peel on the inhibition of migration on WiDr colon cancer cells. The toxicity of ethanol extract of Citurs reticulata peel on WiDr colon cancer line was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and investigate the cell migration was using scratch wound healing assay. The ethanol extract of Citrus reticulata peel showed the value of inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) was 184.5 μg/mL, this result categorize as moderate cytotoxic. Meanwhile the migration assay showed that the deceleration of migration occurred on 0.5 IC50, 0.33 IC50 and 0.25 IC50 during 24 h and 36 h incubation, event thought there were not significant different (p>0.05). The ethanol extract of Citrus reticulata peel has a potential migration inhibition on WiDr cell line.Keywords: Citrus reticulata, WiDr cell line, migration
The Role of Curcumin on Apoptosis through The RASSF1A and Bax Pathways in Breast Cancer
Authors: Rahmah Nunung Ainur , Harliansyah Harliansyah , Suyatna Fransiscus D. , Kanoko Mpu , Rustamadji Primariadewi , Prihartono Joedo , Haryono Samuel Johny , Hernowo Bethy Suryawati
Published: September 2020

Curcumin has been reported with an in vitro the cytotoxic effect on several human cancer cells. However, reports on the mode of action and detail mechanism of curcumin in breast cancer disease are limited. Hence, curcumin’s effect on the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 was investigated. The MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells line were given curcumin in several doses. The anti-proliferation activity of curcumin was determined using the MTS cell viability test and caspase-3 activity was used to detect apoptosis using flowcytometry. The expression of Ras-association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) and Bax protein in cells was evaluated by ELISA analysis. Kruskal-Wallis followed by the Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation tests were used to asses correlation among RASSF1A, Bax, and caspase-3. Cytotoxicity of curcumin on MCF-7 was lower than that of MDA-MB-468 (75.73 μg/mL and 380.79 μg/mL). The concentration of curcumin at 80 μg/mL induced apoptosis mainly through the intrinsic pathway by caspase-3 activation. Curcumin also showed an anti-proliferative activity as shown by the increase of RASSF1A and Bax protein. Curcumin mediates anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect through the activation of RASSF1A and Bax. Our research data adds information about the role of curcumin in epigenetic events through RASSF1A protein.Keywords: Bax, caspase-3, curcumin, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, RASSF1A
DİNİ DANIŞMAN VE MANEVİ REHBER OLARAK İMAMLARIN MAHALLE YAŞAMINA SAĞLAYABİLECEĞİ KATKI ÜZERİNE
Authors: AYDENİZ Nurullah
Published: September 2020

Osmanlı döneminde padişah beratı ile tayin edilen imamlar görev yaptıkları mahallenin ekonomik, kültürel, dini, ahlaki, hukuki ve eğitimsel tüm faaliyetlerinden sorumluydular. Günümüzde ise imamların cami içi dini hizmetler dışında neredeyse başka bir sorumluluğu yoktur. Oysaki imamlar günümüzde de mahalle yaşamına çok önemli katkılar sağlayabilirler. Zira emniyet tedbirleri ile ya da başka bir kurumun marifeti ile çözümlenemeyecek birçok nedenden dolayı insanlar hüzün, keder, ızdırap ve depresyon yaşayabilmektedir. Örneğin kasıtlı bir müdahale olmaksızın vuku bulan ölüm sonucunda aileler hüzünlenirken engelli çocuk sahibi olma durumunda kederlenip kaygılanabilmektedir. Eşler arası ilişkilerde ortaya çıkabilecek problemlerin üstesinden gelmede yaşanan başarısızlık sonucu aile içi geçimsizlik boy gösterirken komşuluk ilişkilerini yürütememekten dolayı sosyal problemler cereyan edebilmektedir. Öyleyse toplumsal hayatın akıp gittiği mahallelerde değişik nedenlerle problem yaşayan insanların sıkıntı ve kederlerine çözüm üretmek için imamlar önemli bir sorumluluk üstlenebilir mi? Bu makalede mahallelerin huzur mekânlarına dönüşmesi için sakinlerinin yaşaması kuvvetle muhtemel sıkıntı ve kederlere yönelik imamların yerine getirebileceği dini danışmanlık ve manevi sosyal hizmet üzerinde durulacaktır.
Therapeutic efficacy of Trifolium pratense L. on letrozole induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats
Authors: Abbasian Zahra , Jafari Barmak M , Barazesh Fatemeh , Ghavamizadeh M , Mirzaei Ali
Published: September 2020

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered as one of the leading endocrine disorders during reproductive age in women. This study designed to determine the therapeutic effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) on letrozole-induced PCOS in vivo. Forty female Sprague–Dawley rats were equally divided into five groups. Control group with a regular sexual cycle received normal saline (letrozole vehicle). Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was used to induce the PCOS to the rats in the treatment groups. After induction of PCOS, four treatment groups received the normal saline, or clomiphene citrate (1 mg/kg), or red clover extracts (500 or 750 mg/kg) for 30-days. After treatment, ovary and uterus were removed, weighed, and the ovaries were subjected to histopathological studies. Serum testosterone and estradiol levels, antioxidant activities, and lipid profiles were evaluated. Red clover extracts and clomiphene citrate decreased testosterone levels and showed a significant increase in estradiol levels in comparison to PCOS induced group (p<0.05). Red clover administration restored the GSH, SOD and CAT levels (p<0.05) and decreased the NO and MDA levels (p<0.05). Treatments caused no significant change in levels of TG, TC, and FBG factors when compared to PCOS induced group (P>0.05). However, red clover (750 mg/kg) significantly increased HDL and decreased LDL levels when compared to PCOS induced group (P<0.05). Treatment with red clover reduced ovarian weight, volumes of ovarian, medulla, cortex and number of cysts and increased number of oocytes compared to PCOS group. Both red clover and clomiphene citrate could treat the letrozole induced PCOS in rats; however, red clover indicated antioxidant activities more than clomiphene citrate. Red clover may be used for discovering anti-PCOS drugs with lower side effects.