bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human rights and health: challenges for training nurses in South Africa
Authors: London L
Published: November 2012

The need for health professionals to address their human rights obligations has emerged in the last decade both internationally as well as nationally following the findings of South Africa’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Support for human rights norms has become a priority for institutions as well as practitioners within the health sector. Training plays a crucial role in shaping health professional practice. In addition to creating a clear understanding of the linkages between human rights and health, educators can role-model how health professionals should act to support human rights. This article explores human rights derived from the South African Constitution in relation to the obligation on health professionals to respect, protect, promote and fulfill human rights. The implications of this commitment to human rights training of nurses are discussed, drawing on the authors’ nine years of experience in running courses for South African health professional educators. Themes include: developing core competencies for human rights in health professional curricula, identifying appropriate instructional methodologies and assessment tools suited to the content and context of human rights, and engaging the institutional environment for human rights teaching, at both the level of institutional culture and strategic implementation. At a time when there are increasing demands on the nursing profession to assume greater responsibility and develop versatility in its scope of practice, key challenges are posed for teaching and realising human rights.
Work-family conflict, job satisfaction and spousal support: An exploratory study of nurses’ experience
Authors: Patel CJ
Published: November 2012

In recognising the highly stressful nature of the nursing profession, the added burden of hospital staff shortages, and patient overload, the present study explored the impact of work on family functioning, its relationship to job satisfaction and the role of spousal support in a group of 80 female nurses working in a government hospital. Using a descriptive, correlational design, the relationships among job satisfaction, work-family conflict (WFC) and spousal/partner support were explored. The hypotheses that job satisfaction and WFC would be negatively correlated, that job satisfaction and spousal support would be positively correlated, and that WFC and spousal support would be negatively correlated, were tested using correlation techniques. All hypotheses were confirmed. The role of spousal support in the relationship between job satisfaction and work -family conflict was highlighted.
Health care practices influencing health promotion in urban black women in Tshwane
Authors: Wright SCD
Published: November 2012

Health promotion is a multifaceted activity. Women and children are particularly vulnerable regarding access to quality health care, with young African women reportedly the poorest and most economically marginalised and least educated sector in South Africa. Understanding the context within which a person lives is an essential component in the health educator’s teaching strategy. Understanding urban black women’s health care practices will enable health promoters to develop interventions that are successful. The problem investigated was to gain an understanding of the health care practices of urban black women that could influence health promotion activities. The design was qualitative exploratory. The respondents were women living in an urban township in Tshwane, South Africa. The sampling method was convenient and purposive and the sample size was determined by saturation of the data. Data was gathered through semi-structured interviews using six specific themes and the analysed using open coding. The results indicated that the social environment created by the registered nurses in the primary health influenced the health care practices of the women negatively. Practices regarding the seriousness of a health problem suggest a possible reason for late admission of a person with a serious health problem.
Humor: A pedagogical tool to promote learning
Authors: Chabeli M
Published: November 2012

It has become critical that learners are exposed to varied methods of teaching and assessment that will promote critical thinking of learners. Humor creates a relaxed atmosphere where learning can be enhanced and appreciated. When learners are relaxed, thinking becomes eminent. Authoritative and tense environment hinders thinking.
Policy makers’ perceptions and attitudes regarding incorporation of traditional healers into the national health care delivery system
Authors: Pinkoane MG
Published: November 2012

Based on mixed perceptions which were both negative and positive the policy makers have not been vocal about the process to incorporate traditional healers into the National Health Care Delivery System of South Africa. Negative views were related to the denial that traditional healing does provide a cure and the positive views were identified in the passing of policies from 1994. These policies passed initiated recognition of the existence of traditional healers, but failed to address the important aspect of incorporating the traditional healers into the National Health Care Delivery System. It is these mixed perceptions as well as lack of appropriate policy to facilitate incorporation of traditional healers that urged the researcher to explore the perceptions and attitudes of policy makers regarding this incorporation process, as well as their views on how it should be achieved.
The qualitative research proposal
Authors: Klopper H
Published: November 2012

Qualitative research in the health sciences has had to overcome many prejudices and a number of misunderstandings, but today qualitative research is as acceptable as quantitative research designs and is widely funded and published. Writing the proposal of a qualitative study, however, can be a challenging feat, due to the emergent nature of the qualitative research design and the description of the methodology as a process. Even today, many sub-standard proposals at post-graduate evaluation committees and application proposals to be considered for funding are still seen. This problem has led the researcher to develop a framework to guide the qualitative researcher in writing the proposal of a qualitative study based on the following research questions: (i) What is the process of writing a qualitative research proposal? and (ii) What does the structure and layout of a qualitative proposal look like? The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of writing the qualitative research proposal, as well as describe the structure and layout of a qualitative research proposal. The process of writing a qualitative research proposal is discussed with regards to the most important questions that need to be answered in your research proposal with consideration of the guidelines of being practical, being persuasive, making broader links, aiming for crystal clarity and planning before you write. While the structure of the qualitative research proposal is discussed with regards to the key sections of the proposal, namely the cover page, abstract, introduction, review of the literature, research problem and research questions, research purpose and objectives, research paradigm, research design, research method, ethical considerations, dissemination plan, budget and appendices.
Precautions used by occupational health nursing students during clinical placements
Authors: Maja T.M.M. , Motshudi M.J.
Published: November 2012

Protection of health care workers including students from being infected when caring for high risk patients is a major cause for concern to all promoting occupational health. Safety of every employee is mandatory. Furthermore, universal guidelines for precautions must be used by all interacting with high risk patients and clients to protect themselves and prevent the spread of infection. The aim of this paper was to ascertain the availability of universal guidelines for precautions against the spread of infection in clinical settings and determine the precautions used by OHN students during their clinical placements. To realise these objectives, a quantitative and descriptive design was followed. A purposive sampling method was used to select 45 Occupational health nursing students who participated in the study.Data was collected with the use of a structured questionnaire and the results revealed that: most units where OHN students were placed for clinical experience had guidelines for universal precautions although these were not always accessible to them; regarding compliance to universal precautions, OHN students were reportedly aware of the hazards of failure to comply although in some emergencies and where personal protective material was not available, they had to provide care without using protective equipments. Recommendations made include that employers and staff at all occupational settings must ensure that updated guidelines for universal precautions are available and accessible to every body interacting with high risk patients; health care providers and students must be fully informed about and should always adhere to universal precautions.
The experience of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labour
Authors: Sengane M.L.
Published: November 2012

The goal of this article was to describe the experience of black fathers concerning support for their wives/partners during labour. The research design entailed an exploratory, descriptive, qualitative study that was contextual to clinical nursing. A phenomenological approach to nursing research was utilized, whereby unstructured interviews were conducted with ten black fathers. Two groups of black fathers were purposively selected for the study. Group 1 consisted of fathers who provided support to their wives/partners during labour and Group 2 consisted of fathers who did not provide support during labour. A literature control was undertaken to verify and recontextualize data. The results indicate that most of the fathers in Group 1 experienced negative feelings of nervousness, helplessness and anxiety due to lack of information concerning childbirth. These were coupled with positive feelings such as excitement, overwhelming delight and a sense of miracle. Most of the fathers in Group 2 expressed a feeling of wanting to be there. Lack of information, fear and cultural factors were identified as stumbling blocks. Conclusions drawn from the study included positive attitudes that needed to be enhanced as well as negative attitudes that needed counteracting. The guidelines were based on overcoming the following: cultural taboos; lack of knowledge and fears concerning childbirth; lack of interest in childbirth; and childbirth being regarded as a woman’s department.
Effect of a staffing strategy based on voluntary increase in working hours on quality of patient care in a hospital in KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: McIntosh J. , Stellenberg E.L.
Published: November 2012

Two of the issues facing the South African Health Care System are the shortage of nursing staff and a lack of adequate skills to provide quality patient care. The hospital under study experienced a critical shortage of applications from professional registered nurses, consequently a staffing strategy was implemented to overcome the shortage of nurses and to maintain quality patient care. The strategy introduced encouraged nurses to voluntarily work an additional ten hours per week with remuneration. A non-experimental, descriptive design with a quantitative approach was applied to investigate the effect of a staffing strategy aimed at improving the quality of care in a hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal based on voluntarily increasing staff working hours. The investigation compared the quality of nursing care before and after the implementation of the staffing strategy through retrospective audits of randomly selected patient files 372 (11%) of the total population of 400 files were audited. A random sample of 4 boxes each containing a 100 patient files, of a total of 34 boxes, was selected from the hospital filing system. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed and correlations between various variables using the Chi-square test. No statistically significant differences (p<0.05) were found between the quality of nursing care before and after the implementation of the management strategy, even though deterioration of results after the implementation was observed. The study shows that the quality of nursing care in most wards deteriorated after implementation. The staffing strategy failed to improve or maintain the quality of nursing care.
An analysis of the meaning of integrated Primary Health Care from the KwaZulu- Natal Primary Health Care context
Authors: Sibiya M.N. , Gwele N.S.
Published: November 2012

In South Africa, integration o f services policy was enacted in 1996 with the aim of increasing health service utilization by increasing accessibility and availability of all health care services at Primary Health Care (PHC) level. Integration of PHC services continues to be seen as a pivotal strategy towards the achievement of the national goals of transformation of health services, and the attainment of a comprehensive and seamless public health system. Although the drive behind the integration of PHC services was to improve accessibility of services to the community, the problem however, arises in the implementation of integrated PHC (IPHC) as there is no agreed upon understanding of what this phenomenon means in the South African context. To date no research studies have been reported on the meaning of the integration of PHC services. Hence, there is a need for shared views on this phenomenon in order to facilitate an effective implementation of this approach. A cross-sectional study, using a qualitative approach was employed in this study in order to analyze the phenomenon, IPHC in KwaZulu-Natal and the meaning attached to it in different levels of the health system. A grounded theory was selected as it is a method known for its ability to make greatest contribution in areas where little research has been done and when new viewpoints are needed to describe the familiar phenomenon that is not clearly understood. Policy makers and co-ordinators of PHC at national, provincial and district levels as well as PHC nurses at functional level participated in the study. The data was collected by means of observations, interviews and document analysis. The sample size for interviews was comprised of 38 participants. Strauss and Corbin’s process of data analysis was used. It emerged that there were three core categories that were used by the participants as discriminatory dimensions of IPHC in South Africa. These core categories were (a) comprehensive health care, (b) supermarket approach and (c) one stop shop.
Effects of waterbirths and traditional bedbirths on outcomes for neonates
Authors: Ros H.B.
Published: November 2012

When women are pregnant, some plan to have waterbirths and other plan to have traditional bedbirths. Therefore some neonates will be born under water and other neonates out of the water on a bed. It is unclear what the outcomes for the neonates are after these two types o f deliveries. The research goals of this study were to explore and describe the outcomes for neonates after waterbirths (group A) and traditional bedbirths (group B) and to generate hypotheses based on the outcomes for neonates after waterbirths and traditional bedbirths that need to be tested in subsequent research studies. The design was an explorative descriptive survey. The mothers were purposefully selected to participate in the research study. They had to be healthy, low-risk pregnant women with a single pregnancy and a cephalic presentation. They had to be 37 to 42 weeks pregnant. Group A delivered their neonates at two private hospitals in Gauteng and group B delivered their neonates at a government hospital in Gauteng. Data was collected during labour, just after the delivery, two hours after the delivery and 14 days after the delivery. A data collection instrument was used. The following neonatal outcomes were measured: Apgar score at one and five minutes, axillary temperature, pH-, haemoglobin- and sodium levels of the umbilical cord blood, the neurological condition of the neonate as reflected by the primitive reflexes and neonatal morbidity until 14 days after birth. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data. It appeared if group A had higher Apgar scores, neonatal temperatures and umbilical cord blood haemoglobin levels and lower sodium umbilical cord blood levels than group B. The umbilical cord blood pH levels, neonatal morbidity and primitive reflexes o f both groups appeared equal. Group B needed more resuscitation of the neonate directly after birth than group A. Hypotheses were generated that need to be tested in subsequent research.
Experiences of HIV/AIDS home-based caregivers in Vhembe district of the Limpopo Province
Authors: Mashau N.S. , Davhana-Maselesele M.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the experiences of HIV and AIDS home-based caregivers in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province. A qualitative research design which was exploratory, descriptive and contextual was executed with a sample of purposively selected participants who provided home-based care to people living with HIV and AIDS in the Vhembe district of Limpopo Province. Data saturation occurred after in-depth interviews with fifteen participants. In-depth individual interviews and field notes were also used during data collection. The findings reveal that HIV/AIDS home-based caregivers express pain and despair when caring for HIV/AIDS patients. The theme was supported by the following categories and subcategories: problems related to stigma when caring for patients at their homes; stress, burnout, frustration and feelings of helplessness when caring for patients. Recommendations that are described focus on building a working relationship between the home-based caregivers, community and the family.
Response to national policy imperatives for nursing education: a Western Cape case study
Authors: Daniels F.M.
Published: November 2012

Since South Africa became a democratic country in 1994, the higher education sector has been faced with the challenge of transformation and restructuring. The Minister of Education in the Education White Paper 3 stated that “the higher education system must be transformed to redress the past inequities, to serve a new social order, to meet pressing national needs and to respond to realities and opportunities” (Department of Education, 1997:2). Higher education institutions were faced with the realities of impending mergers and collaborations across programmes and between universities and technikons. The Council on Higher Education (CHE) submitted a report to the Minister of Education in February 2002 which proposed the establishment of new institutional and organizational forms within regions (Department of Education, 2002: 7-8). The Minister announced changes in higher education based on his assessment of the proposals submitted by the CHE which resulted in the reduction of the number of higher education institutions from 3 6 to 21 (Department of Education, 2002:11-20). There were specific implications for nursing education in the Western Cape. In December 2002 the Minister of Education, Kader Asmal announced that with effect from 2005, the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and a new institution, the Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT) would be the only enrolling institutions for undergraduate nursing education in the Western Cape. The Cape Higher Education Consortium (CHEC) instead proposed the establishment of a common teaching platform for nursing education in the region to meet the objectives of national and provincial government and to make optimal use of the combined strengths of the three universities and the technikon. This proposal was accepted by the minister and the common teaching platform, a unique form of collaboration, was established in 2005.
An investigation into the level of empowerment of rural women in the Zululand district of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa
Authors: Bhengu B.R.
Published: November 2012

The aim of the study was to evaluate the outcome of the empowerment of rural women in relation to gender issues, power, and communication within the Zululand District of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa after implementation of a four-year Primary Health Care project in partnership with the Provincial Department of Health, and two Schools of Nursing at the University of KwaZulu-Natal and McMaster University in Canada. This project is based on substantial evidence which reveals that rural women are being neglected to the extent that these women have missed out on opportunities for development. The reasons for this disempowerment of women, particularly rural women, are thought to be due to the feminisation of poverty, as well as female submission, educational deprivation, privacy of domestic violence, exploitation, domination by men and cultural oppression (patriarchy).A qualitative research approach was used. Focus group discussion was utilised as the data collection technique, and this was also applied during the collection of baseline data. An interview guide covered issues of concern in the communities and households, including what the women would, or had done about these, how they engaged in decision-making in their families, how they handled situations when there was a difference of opinion, and their awareness of, and ability to claim their rights, including control of their lives. The data was collected from six clinics, from groups of six to ten women in the predominantly rural Zululand District of KwaZulu-Natal.The project has revealed improvement in the women’s realisation of their rights, albeit limited, in communication, self-confidence, and reliance, including partnerships between Primary Health Care Nurses and women’s groups. The formation of women’s groups facilitated community development and participation in their own health, socio-economic and emotional development.The project suggests that such groups be encouraged and allowed to network for support as they understand their own problems better, they merely require facilitation.
Experiences of physical violence by women living with intimate partners
Authors: Madzimbalale F.C. , Khoza L.B.
Published: November 2012

Intimate partner violence directed towards females by male partners is a common significant global public health problem. Most victims of physical aggression such as women and children are subjected to multiple acts of violence over extended periods of time, suffering from more than one type of abuse, for example physical which is more symbolic and evidenced by scars. The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of the symbols of physical violence as experienced by women who live with intimate partners in the Vhembe district of the Limpopo Province. The research design of this study was qualitative, exploratory and descriptive in nature. The accessible population was those participants who used the trauma unit A in a particular hospital. Seven women comprised the sample of the study. In-depth individual interviews were conducted exploring the women’s experiences in the context of physical violence. From the data collected all seven participants experienced some form of physical violence which resulted in permanent deformity. They experienced some form of battering such as kicking, stabbing, burning, fracturing, strangling and choking. Recommendations were made that health care providers are encouraged to implement screening for physical violence, to provide appropriate interventions if assault is identified and to provide appropriate education regarding, employment opportunities, legal literacy, and rights to inheritance. Human rights education and information regarding domestic violence should be provided to them because this is their absolute right (UNICEF, 2000:14).
Perceptions of registered nurses in four state health insititutions on continuing formal education
Authors: Richards L. , Potgieter E.
Published: November 2012

This study investigated registered nurses in four selected state health institutions’perceptions with regard to continuing formal education. The relevance of continuing formal education is being emphasised globally by the increasing quest for quality assurance and quality management systems within an ethos of continuous improvement.According to Tlholoe (2006:5), it is important to be committed to continual learning, as people’s knowledge become less relevant because skills gained early in a career are insufficient to avoid costly mistakes made through ignorance. Continuing formal education in nursing is a key element to the maintenance of quality in health care delivery. The study described: registered nurses’ views on continuing formaleducation registered nurses’ perceived barriers to continuing formal educationA quantitative descriptive survey design was chosen using a questionnaire for data collection. The sample consisted of 40 registered nurses working at four state health institutions in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. Convenience sampling was selected to include registered nurses who were on duty on the days during which there searcher visited the health institutions to distribute the questionnaires. The questionnaire contained mainly closed-ended and a few open-ended questions. Content validity of the instrument was ensured by doing a thorough literature review before construction of items and a pretest. Reliability was established by the pretest and providing the same information to all respondents before completion of the questionnaires.The ethical considerations of informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality were adhered to and consent to conduct the study was obtained from relevant authorities. Descriptive statistics, based on calculations using the Microsoft (MS)Excel (for Windows 2000) programme, were used to summarise and describe the research results. The research results indicated that most registered nurses perceive continuing formal education as beneficial to their personal and professional growth and that it could lead towards improving the quality of patient/client care, but barrier sexist which prevent or deter them from undertaking continuing formal education programmes. The main structural barriers included lack of funding and lack of coherent staff development planning and physical barriers including job and family responsibilities.
Exploring the challenges of implementing Participatory Action Research in the context of HIV and poverty
Authors: Rosenthal W.A. , Khalil D.D.
Published: November 2012

HIV/AIDS is having a devastating impact on South Africa and particularly on poor communities. Empowerment of communities has been identified as an important step towards mitigating the consequences and helping communities to overcome the challenges presented. Participatory Action Research (PAR) has been identified as a useful methodology for the purpose of facilitating empowerment. This study explores the challenges involved in implementing PAR in the context of HIV/AIDS and poverty. In this article, the author describes a PAR project that took place in 2003/ 2004 with a group of five Xhosa speaking people living with HIV/AIDS in Masiphumelele, Cape Town. The aims of the study were to: 1. Create an opportunity for the participants to engage in a participatory process aimed at self-awareness and empowerment. 2. To record and analyse this process with the intention of producing insight into the use of PAR in the context of poverty and HIV/AIDS and to identify the challenges involved. The findings of this study highlight some important insights into the process of engaging people in the PAR process and the experiences of HIV positive people living in the context of poverty. The study explores the challenges involved in the process of empowerment and examines the process of “transferring” power and control from the researcher to the participants. Challenges were uncovered both from the point of view of the researcher who had to “let go of control” and participants who had to take on control. Participants struggled with issues of low self-efficacy and learned helplessness. Fluctuations in health also contributed towards alternating periods of hope and despair and these problems had an impact on their motivation to participate in the study. Lack of motivation to participate is a challenge highlighted in the literature and explored in this study. Participation is necessary for a study of this nature to be of benefit to the community, but unfortunately those most in need were found to be least likely to participate.The study also critically examines the research process that was conducted and highlights the positive and negative contribution of the process towards empowerment. Certain aspects of the research process, including the contracting process, were identified as being problematic as they emphasize the power and control of the researcher rather than the participants. Recommendations for future research include: Promoting participation among the disempowered; the Contracting process and Power relations in PAR
Psychosocial aspects of Mammary carcinoma
Authors: Searle C.
Published: November 2012

Malignant neoplastic diseases in man are as old as mankind itself. The Hindu epic, Ramayana, dating back to c 2500 B C, described tumours and their treatment. Since then Hippocrates (c 460 - 375 B C), Celsus (c 30 B C - A D 38), Galen (c 130 - 200 A D) and Leonides of Alexandria (c 180 A D), and numerous other scientists have studied and recorded these phenomena. Heller from the National Cancer Institute stressed that “Man’s attempt to understand cancer and to find ways of preventing, controlling and curing it began in ancient times”. (Heller, I960)
Important aspects of midwifery
Authors: Barnett E.
Published: November 2012

The art of midwifery must be one of the oldest of acquired skills. In prehistoric times, the more experienced women assisted and comforted their younger relatives during parturition. There are scattered references to midwives in ancient literature, including the Bible. In Genesis 35:17 we learn that Rachel’s death was the result of “ hard labour” . One should congratulate the midwife who delivered Sarah of a son at the age of 90 years - Genesis 17:17. Midwifery stagnated during the Middle Ages due, partly to the ignorance of the midwives as well as to a lack of knowledge of human anatomy coupled with the accepted teaching of the ancients, which was regarded as the ultimate authority. Great advances in the art and science of midwifery have occurred since the Middle Ages, amounting to a revolution in thought and practice. Less than 100 years ago, in 1898, in W.S. Playfair’s “Science and Practice of Midwifery” no mention was made of any form of antenatal examination or even of the testing of urine for albumin. Times have indeed changed - today the whole concept of maternal and child care would be quite unrecognisable to a Victorian midwife. We have also accepted the male midwife into our midst.
Sensories-motoriese stimulasieen leerprogram vir geestesvertraagde voorskoolse kinders
Authors: Wentzel S.W.
Published: November 2012

This study was carried out in order to establish sensorymotor stimulation and teaching programmes for mentally retarded pre-school children in the community. A structure was created for the launching of such a programme. It was found that regression was prevented and slight but valuable improvement was effected in cases where a mentally retarded child was actively involved in a stimulation and teaching programme. The researcher considers such programmes as an important component of the mental health service in any community.
The implementation of the case assignment method of patient care at the Dr. A.J. Stals care and rehabilitation centre
Authors: Daniels N.L.
Published: November 2012

The modern approach to the care of the mentally retarded in institutional settings is no longer to provide only custiodial care, but to train and rehabilitate each patient to be able to function at his maximal potential. This requires that each resident must have his abilities assessed and a programme implemented for his training, according to his particular needs and capabilities. Residents requiring similar training programmes are therefore grouped together under the care of one nurse, the number of residents in each group depending upon their selfcare skills. The nurse is assigned the responsibility of carrying out the training programme under the supervision of the Ward Sister and with the guidance of the multidisciplinary team under the leadership of the psychiatrist.
Kleingroeponderrig
Authors: Mentz H.C.
Published: November 2012

In discussion groups and seminars the lecture content itself becomes the means through which students learn. The goals of small group work are to facilitate participation, communication and problemsolving, leading to the formulation of opinions, logical and critical thought. Group teaching requires skill and an awareness of the problems inherent in peergroup learning.
Evaluering van studente
Authors: Hannah C.
Published: November 2012

The successful evaluation of student learning involves: - the setting of detailed learning objectives; - the development of meaningful evaluation techniques; and - the practical application of such techniques
Evaluering van dosente se onderrig
Authors: Malan S.P.T.
Published: November 2012

Evaluation of the tutor by students is a contentious topic. The competence of students to evaluate their tutors is questionable, especially where it could influence the career opportunities of the teacher. Acceptability may lie in the diagnostic and remedial function of such evaluation, to improve teaching and promote more effective learning, thus emphasis is placed on the mutual responsibility in the learning situation.
Caring for our patients - fact or legend - an economic view
Authors: Williamson S.B.
Published: November 2012

The debate on economic aspects of health care is beset with the conflict of balancing supply and demand, of offering a less adequate service to all people, or a maximal service to relatively few. Somewhere along this continuum is an area of optimal service; providing a range of services which the country can afford, the point at which we can best cut our coat to fit our cloth.
Die skep van 'n temrapeutiese omgewind vir die kind in die hemodialise- eenheid
Authors: Peens Teresa
Published: November 2012

In order to create a therapeutic environment in the haemody alisis unit, in which the child can feel safe and will be able to develop to his full potential, certain criteria must be met. These criteria, for which the nurse has the main responsibility, are: familiarisation of the child with the physical environment, routines and language of the unit and with the members of the therapeutic team; and realising a relationship o f understanding, trust and sympathetic authority between the child and members of the team.
Die gesondheidsvoorligtingsfunksie van die verpleegkundige met betrekking tot mensgenetika
Authors: Paton Frieda
Published: November 2012

The nurse, as a key person in health services, has an essential role in health education regarding human and medical genetics. This education is given at both community and individual level. Genetics is however not a simple subject and health education in this regard must be approached with care. The nurse must always be sure of her own knowledge and always be alert to the moral en ethical implications of the information she is providing. Health education in human and medical genetics is however essential to make the public aware of the benefits provided by this relatively new and developing science.
Foreword
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: November 2012

Primary Health Care is a concept which has been receiving increasing attention as more and more authorities are questioning the role of curative medicine in improving the health of the population and in increasing life expectancy.
Tuberculosis management - some aspects of the role of the nurse manager
Authors: Hattingh May
Published: November 2012

Evidence suggests that the rapid spread of tuberculosis began in the early 1920s when the gold and diamond mines were established. In the late 1940s when the first two tuberculosis drugs became available it was the doctor who prescribed and administered treatment to the patients. Although public health nurses were present in the field at this stage, they were few and far between and could not contribute much towards tuberculosis management.
Reorganisation of the South African Nursing Association and the implications thereof
Authors: Harrison P.
Published: November 2012

There is value in taking an historical perspective — it helps to gauge the subject in the present day situation and provides information on how our nursing ancestors attempted to obtain solutions and answers to the problems of their times.
Personeelontwikkeling - ’n bekendstelling
Authors: Cilliers F.
Published: November 2012

Staff development as a function of the industrial psychologist tries to educate and train the individual worker to become a more self-actualising and integrated individual. The process used involves the identification of individual development needs, creating an individual development plan, determining individual development activities and evaluating the development programme. Staff development benefits the organisation as its staff becomes more satisfied, autonomous and productive.
The role of the registered midwife
Authors: Van Niekerk C.F.
Published: November 2012

What is specific about the role of the registered midwife, is that it is not specific. How could it be specific when: • every mother is unique • every labour is unparalleled • every baby is different • every situation is singular? Role descriptions differ because: • practitioner views do not coincide • authors disagree • time moves on • needs, statistics and values change. Roles are dynamic because: • technology demands increased intellectual and psychomotor development • humaneness demands affective and effective co-ordination of care • mortality and morbidity rates demand reduction • money, status and power demand quality.
Riglyne van die Departement van Nasionale Opvoeding
Authors: Viljoen G.
Published: November 2012

Riglyne vir samewerkingsooreenkomste tussen universiteite en kolleges vir verpleging in die verskaffing van diploma-opleiding in verpleegkunde aan kollegestudente.
White cell and platelet component support in human bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Wood L. , Jacobs P.
Published: November 2012

Bone marrow transplantation is the preferred form of treatment for patients with severe acute aplastic anaemia and immunodeficiency disease. The procedure has also been used in the treatment of patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukaemia and may result in further disease-free periods in excess of two years in approximately 15% of such individuals.
Geneesmiddeltoediening en die verpleegster: Enkele pharmakokinetiese aspekte
Authors: Van Wyk M.
Published: November 2012

Certain pharmacokinetic aspects of general therapeutics are discussed in this article. The influence of the simultaneous intake of food or other drugs, as well as the presence of certain disease states on drug-absorption are discussed. A systematic presentation of the meaning and importance of kinetic principles such as the steady state, the loading dose, zero-order kinetics, drug administration in the biophase and important drug interactions is also given.
Nuwe onderrigmetodes?
Authors: Uys H.H.M.
Published: November 2012

Any good educational system must be based on the fact that learning must be done by the learner. It must involve the student in the process and must always provide a high degree of flexibility and adaptation to individual needs. The autotutorial system (Postlethwait system) of instruction offers a multi-faceted, multi-sensory approach to learning. Seventeen students who had to undergo the module on cardiac disrythmias were placed in two groups. Six students did it by autotutorial learning while the rest received the contents in the traditional lecture-discussion method. Results show a difference in achievement between the two groups as well as the time used to realise the objectives.
Obesiteit: 'n Teoretiese verkenning
Authors: Oelofse L.
Published: November 2012

In a theoretical discussion on obesity the author shows that it is a complex condition, particularly as psychological factors play a significant role in its etiology. Various treatments exist including diet therapy, physical activity, medication, surgery, individual psychotherapy, behaviour therapy. It seems however that a group psychotherapeutic approach to treatment has the best prognostic value. Whatever method of treatment is used, however, physical as well as psychological aspects should be attended to.
The medicine round
Authors: Jaftha T.
Published: November 2012

I am working on a research project for the hospital and so I had to come on night duty to accompany the senior nurse on the medicine round.
The generaltion gap in nursing
Authors: Van Niekerk J.G.P.
Published: November 2012

Generation gap is one of those catch phrases that we so often use, and misuse, to excuse ourselves or to cover up for our shortcomings. It is like the shortage of nurses behind which we hide from all our nursing problems. Although it is such a commonly used phrase, do we really know what it means? When you consult the Oxford Dictionary, you will find that it defines generation gap as: differences of opinion between those of different generations. It will surprise most people that the generation gap becomes a problem only when there are differences of opinion.
Verpleegleierskap - 'n teoretiese perspektief
Authors: Jacobs E.M.
Published: November 2012

Nursing leadership is one of the current issues in nursing administration. It is generally accepted that when a person holds a key position he is automatically also a leader. This is a misconception as it has become evident that managers are not always leaders and vice versa. In the past leadership was associated with aggression, male characteristics and domination, while passivity was associated with women. It is evident that this is not the case and that there is no specific theory of leadership which can be recommended. Leaders are never only people orientated or only task orientated but leadership usually includes components of both. There are also many factors influencing leadership such as personality, situations, objectives, environments and the level of maturity of the followers. It is recommended that a leader adapts his leadership style to the situation and acts according to the demands of the problem — in other words, applying situational leadership.
Knowledge and attitudes of the South African public with regard to congenital and inherited disorders
Authors: Hof J. , Esterhuysen H.M. , V.d. Merwe C.J. , V.d. Burgh C. , Lomberg L.
Published: November 2012

In the U.S.A. and most European countries the establishment of community based genetic services has emerged only within the last decade. There has been a tendency for the relevant government departments to assume partial or complete responsibility for these services. In South Africa such a community based genetic service under direction of the Genetic Services Division of the Department of Health and Welfare was conceptualised in 1971 and put into operation in 1975.
Verstaan E.K.G. - ’n Selfdoenmodule
Authors: Zwiegelaar A.
Published: November 2012

Nurses should update their knowledge not only to avoid stagnation but also to make their work more interesting. This is a self-study module on understanding an ECG. The objectives are the following: — to enable the nurse to recognise a normal ECG by knowing its characteristics — to enable the nurse to determine a pulse rate from an ECG within 6C seconds.
Rekenaars in verpleegkunde: 'n Inleidende oorsig
Authors: Coetsee M.
Published: November 2012

Computers will in future have a major influence on health services and their use in hospitals will increase rapidly. The value of automated systems to nursing will lie in combating rising costs, improving the quality of patient care and as a tool in nursing education and research. Nurses should however become computer literate and involve themselves in the development of the computer system at their place of employment to ensure that the specific needs of nurses are met during the planning stages. Without this computers could be cause for frustration and even bring about additional work.
Rolverwagting van gebiedstoesighouers in ’n aantal Transvaalse Provinsiale Hospitale
Authors: Van Tonder S.
Published: November 2012

The area supervisor has an inviduous role to fulfil. She has part of the chief matron’s responsibilities but not her authority. At the same time she functions as a person with specialised and extensive knowledge. An in depth literature study has revealed that the area supervisor has eight roles namely that of leader, co-ordinator, clinical expert, supervisor, educator, human relations expert, and inspectress. Area supervisors fill different roles and each area supervisor has a preference for specific roles. From research undertaken in the Transvaal these roles were placed in a priority sequence. The findings indicate that area supervisors have role expectations but that these role expectations are not satisfied.
Breastfeeding in South Africa: Social and cultural aspects and strategies for promotion
Authors: Thornton L.
Published: November 2012

Every week from 5-10 new scientific papers on the topic of breast-feeding are published (Jelliffe. 1983). Many of these emphasise the advantages of human milk over modified cow’s milk. The increasing evidence highlights the nutritional advantages, the immunological benefits, the enhanced bonding between mother and infant, and the child-spacing advantages of breast-feeding. In developing countries these advantages can prove to be lifesaving.
Contemporary demands on the community nurse
Authors: Muller O.H.
Published: November 2012

A quarter of a century ago Mr Harold MacMillan delivered his famous Winds o f Change speech in Cape Town. In 1975 Dr. Wolff Bodenstein, in delivering a paper on primary health care, referred to the storms o f change. Now, a decade later, John Naisbitt speaks of megatrends when elaborating on change on a worldwide scale from an industrial society to an informational society. Alvin Toffler’s widely read The Third Wave speaks of similar trends on a scale comparable to the agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution.
Verpleegadministrasie in gesondheidsdienste
Authors: Viljoen A.
Published: November 2012

Nursing administration, as a sub-system of health administration, is excercised within an environment characterised by a number of conflicts. The nurse leader can cope with these conflicts through prevention, solution or conflict regulation. Administrative leadership brings a new dimension to nursing administration which must be taken into account. It makes specific demands regarding the selection, training, development and utilisation of the nurse administrator. The author comes to the conclusion that the quality of nurse leaders is high and that they make an indispensable contribution to health services. For an even more meaningful contribution the author advises the institution of structured policy advisory teams in hospitals, joint post-graduate training of doctors and nurses for health administration and, from time to time, freeing nurses to other selected occupations to develop better understanding.
The Groote Schuur Hospital nurses’ experience
Authors: Brown U. , Kollmitz A.
Published: November 2012

It can be said that, in nursing circles, 1984 has been the Year of Evaluation. This has certainly been the case in the Nursing Education Department of Groote Schuur Hospital.