bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two unrecorded penaeid shrimp species of the genus Parapenaeus (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata) from Korean waters
Authors: Kim Jung Nyun , Choi Jung Hwa
Published: November 2018

Two Parapenaeus species, P. australiensis Dall, 1957 and P. fissurus (Spence Bate, 1881), collected from around Jeju Island and east of Busan, southern Korean waters, are briefly described here. Both species are newly recorded from Korean waters, with the former record representing a considerable range extension from the tropical western Pacific to the northern East China Sea. Distributional and morphological accounts of these species are presented.
Aliterella shaanxiensis (Aliterellaceae), a new coccoid cyanobacterial species from China
Authors: ZHANG QI , ZHENG LINGLING , LI TIANLI , LI RENHUI , SONG LIRONG
Published: November 2018

A new coccoid cyanobacterial species Aliterella shaanxiensis sp. nov. is described from a freshwater inland lake in Shaanxi Province, China. The new Aliterella species is defined by using a polyphasic approach that combines morphological, ultrastructural and ecological characteristics, as well as genetic analyses. It is morphologically similar to A. antarctica and A. atlantica but can be distinguished from the latter by its smaller cell, parietal thylakoids, freshwater habitat and 16S rRNA sequence difference. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA sequence support the monophyly of the genus Aliterella. The novel taxa described in this study contribute to a better understanding of the diversity of the genus Aliterella in different habitats.
Kiwisaldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from the South Island of New Zealand: new species and identification key
Authors: LARIVIÈRE MARIE-CLAUDE , LAROCHELLE ANDRÉ
Published: November 2018

Kiwisaldula cranshawi new species, K. januszkiewiczi new species, K. ryani new species, and K. yangae new species are described from the South Island of New Zealand. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasising the most important diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given on synonymy, type specimens, material examined, geographic distribution and biology.
A description of a new genus and new species of sotol-feeding Eccritotarsini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) from Durango, Mexico
Authors: MENARD K. L. , SCHWARTZ M. D.
Published: November 2018

The new genus and species Sotolensis keltoni is described in the Eccritotarsini (Miridae: Bryocorinae) from material collected on expeditions to Durango, Mexico, by Leonard A. Kelton from the Canadian National Collection. All specimens collected were found on sotol, or Dasylirion sp. (Asparagaceae: Nolinoidae). Habitus images and images of the female and male genitalia are included, and a discussion of genital structure evolution is discussed.
Three new species and three new records of the genus Bamboosiella from China (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae)
Authors: ZHAO CHAO , WANG ZHAOHONG , TONG XIAOLI
Published: November 2018

Bamboosiella caudibruna sp. n., B. rugata sp. n. and B. sculpta sp. n. are described and illustrated from China. In addition, B. brevis Okajima, B. lewisi (Bagnall) and B. xiphophora Okajima are newly recorded from this country. A key for identification of seventeen Chinese Bamboosiella species is provided.
A new species, new genus and new records of heterostigmatic mites (Acari: Heterostigmata) phoretic on scarab beetles of the subfamily Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: KHAUSTOV ALEXANDER A. , FROLOV ANDREY V.
Published: November 2018

During the study of heterostigmatic mites phoretic on beetles of the subfamily Orphninae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), ten species from five families were found. One species, Premicrodispus hajiqanbari sp. nov. (Acari: Microdispidae) phoretic on Orphnus luminosus Benderitter, found in Central African Republic is described as new for science. A new monobasic genus Scarabadania gen. nov. with type species Bakerdania tenuispina Sevastianov, 1974 is created in the family Neopygmephoridae. Troxodania problematica (Mahunka, 1975) comb. nov. (from Bakerdania) and Pseudopygmephorus peritrematus (Mahunka, 1979) (Acari: Neopygmephoridae) are redescribed. Moreover, Trochometridium tribulatum Cross, 1965 (Acari: Trochometridiidae), Troxodania problematica (Mahunka, 1975) comb. nov. and Aegyptophorus shibinensis Sevastianov and Abo-Korah, 1984 (Acari: Neopygmephoridae) are recorded from Sri Lanka for the first time. Finally, Scarabadania tenuispina (Sevastianov, 1974) comb. nov. and Pygmodispus odontotarsus Sevastianov, 1975 (Acari: Scutacaridae) are recorded from Africa for the first time.
Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar
Authors: GRISMER L. LEE , WOOD PERRY L. JR. , THURA MYINT KYAW , GRISMER MARTA S. , BROWN RAFE M. , STUART BRYAN L.
Published: November 2018

A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parachute Geckos (Genus Ptychozoon Kuhl & van Hasselt, 1822) based on the mitochondrial gene ND2 indicates that a newly discovered population from the Mt. Popa volcano—a habitat island in the northern portion of the Bago Yoma mountains, Myanmar—is a new species, P. popaense sp. nov. This species is part of a clade that contains P. bannanense Wang, Wang, & Liu, 2016 and P. lionotum Annandale, 1905 of Indochina. Ptychozoon popaense sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to its sister species P. lionotum  which manifests considerable geographic substructuring of genetic variation but differs from the nominate taxon by an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 16.0–17.1% and by discrete differences in morphology and color pattern. This discovery highlights the unique, insular nature of the Bago Yoma mountains of the Ayeyarwady Basin, which support other endemic gekkonids. It also underscores the growing diversity in this highly derived clade of cryptic, parachuting, geckos characterized by highly divergent genetic lineages, which may indicate the presence of additional, unrecognized species.
A contribution to the Mutillidae (Hymenoptera) of Hong Kong
Authors: BARTHÉLÉMY CHRISTOPHE , LELEJ ARKADY S. , LOKTIONOV VALERY M.
Published: November 2018

A list of 12 species in nine genera occurring in Hong Kong is given. The hitherto unknown male of Bischoffitilla lamellata (Mickel, 1933) is described and illustrated. Six species are newly recorded from Hong Kong. The current number of known mutillid species of Hong Kong is doubled from six to 12.
The Role of the Nonlinearity of the Stefan–Boltzmann Law on the Structure of Radiatively Forced Temperature Change
Authors: Henry Matthew , Merlis Timothy M.
Published: November 2018

The Stefan–Boltzmann law governs the temperature dependence of the blackbody emission of radiation: . A consequence of this nonlinearity is that a cold object needs a greater increase in temperature than a hot object in order to reach the same increase in radiation emitted. Therefore, this nonlinearity potentially has an impact on the structure of radiatively forced atmospheric temperature change in both the horizontal and vertical directions. For example, it has previously been argued to be a cause of polar amplification (PA) of surface air warming. Here, the role of this nonlinearity is investigated by 1) assessing the magnitude of its effect on PA compared to spatial variations in CO2’s radiative forcing for Earth’s atmosphere and 2) linearizing in a gray radiation atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) with an interactive hydrological cycle. Estimates for Earth’s atmosphere show that the combination of the Planck feedback and forcing from CO2 would produce a tropically amplified warming if they were the only means of changing the Earth’s energy balance. Contrary to expectations, climate change simulations with linearized radiation do not have reduced polar amplification of surface air warming relative to the standard GCM configuration. However, simulations with linearized radiation consistently show less warming in the upper troposphere and more warming in the lower troposphere across latitudes. The lapse rate feedbacks from pure radiative and radiative–convective configurations of the model are used to show that the “cold-altitudes-warm-more” effect of the nonlinearity carries across this model hierarchy.
Shar Pei Larynx: Supraglottic and Postcricoid Mucosal Redundancy and Its Association With Medical Comorbidities
Authors: Yiu Yin , Tibbetts Kathleen M. , Simpson C. Blake , Matrka Laura A.
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

The aim of this study is to describe a clinical entity the authors term “Shar Pei larynx,” characterized by redundant supraglottic and postcricoid mucosa that the authors hypothesize coexists in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and obesity. By exploring this hypothesis, the authors hope to set the foundation for future research with the goal of identifying whether Shar Pei larynx is a marker for untreated sleep apnea or other diseases.

Study Design:

Retrospective chart review.

Setting:

Two tertiary care academic institutions.

Methods:

Data were collected from a 5-year period by querying for patients described to have “Shar Pei larynx” or “posterior supraglottic and/or postcricoid mucosal redundancy” on laryngoscopic findings. Relevant demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed, with a focus on associations with obesity, sleep apnea, and laryngopharyngeal reflux.

Results:

Thirty-two patients were identified with physical findings consistent with Shar Pei larynx. Twenty-six patients (81.3%) were obese; 16 (50%) were morbidly obese. Twenty-two patients (68.8%) either had an existing diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea or were diagnosed on polysomnography performed after initial evaluation. Sixteen patients (50%) had type 2 diabetes mellitus, and 87.5% of these patients were obese. Twenty-eight patients (87.5%) noted histories of reflux, with a median reflux symptom index of 27 of 45. Five patients underwent procedures to reduce mucosal redundancy related to Shar Pei larynx.

Conclusions:

This pilot study confirms that the majority of patients diagnosed with Shar Pei larynx also had diagnoses of obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and reflux disease. The demonstrated association is strong enough to warrant further study.
An Optimizing Dynamic Spectrum Differential Extraction Method for Noninvasive Blood Component Analysis
Authors: Tang Wei , Chen Qiang , Yan Wenjuan , He Guoquan , Li Gang , Lin Ling
Published: November 2018

Dynamic spectra (DS) can greatly reduce the influence of individual differences and the measurement environment by extracting the absorbance of pulsating blood at multiple wavelengths, and it is expected to achieve noninvasive detection of blood components. Extracting high-quality DS is the prerequisite for improving detection accuracy. This paper proposed an optimizing differential extraction method in view of the deficiency of existing extraction methods. In the proposed method, the sub-dynamic spectrum (sDS) is composed by sequentially extracting the absolute differences of two sample points corresponding to the height of the half peak on the two sides of the lowest point in each period of the logarithm photoplethysmography signal. The study was based on clinical trial data from 231 volunteers. Single-trial extraction method, original differential extraction method, and optimizing differential extraction method were used to extract DS from the volunteers’ experimental data. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and radial basis function (RBF) neural network were used for modeling. According to the effect of PLSR modeling, by extracting DS using the proposed method, the correlation coefficient of prediction set ( Rp) has been improved by 17.33% and the root mean square error of prediction set has been reduced by 7.10% compared with the original differential extraction method. Compared with the single-trial extraction method, the correlation coefficient of calibration set ( Rc) has increased from 0.747659 to 0.8244, with an increase of 10.26%, while the correlation coefficient of prediction set ( Rp) decreased slightly by 3.22%, much lower than the increase of correction set. The result of the RBF neural network modeling also shows that the accuracy of the optimizing differential method is better than the other two methods both in calibration set and prediction set. In general, the optimizing differential extraction method improves the data utilization and credibility compared with the existing extraction methods, and the modeling effect is better than the other two methods.
Wirrawi Bubuwul – Aboriginal Women Strong
Authors: Lea Locke Michelle
Published: November 2018

The scholastic success of Bolongaia (Maria Lock), at the Parramatta Native Institution in 1819, arguably positions her as an academic giant. Bolongaia’s exam results challenged the opinions of the day when she ‘bore away the chief prize’. Bolongaia’s academic success was based purely on her acquisition of western based knowledges and values. In contrast, I was awarded a Masters of Indigenous Education in 2016. This academic achievement draws attention to a significant change in the positioning of Aboriginal Knowledges in the academy. This article is a letter to my ancestral grandmother, Bolongaia, to tell her about the Aboriginal women who have challenged the status quo of western based educational frameworks and research paradigms. This article honours the Aboriginal women who have paved a way for Aboriginal knowledges in mainstream educational institutions in ways that Bolongaia was unable to experience and perhaps even imagine in her lifetime.
Yarning up: Stories of challenges and success
Authors: Mooney Janet , Riley Lyn , Blacklock Fabri
Published: November 2018

This paper explores the lives of three New South Wales Aboriginal women, mothers, artists and academics. It will identify the women’s success in academia as demonstrated by their pathways to education, employment, job satisfaction, commitment and leadership experiences. In addition, the challenges they have faced, together with balancing family and community commitments and the importance and influence of mentors who assisted them on their pathway to success will be discussed. They employ Aboriginal methodologies that privilege Aboriginal ways of being, knowing and doing utilising a yarning methodology which is a culturally appropriate conversational process of sharing stories to develop knowledge and educate younger generations. In this way, they generate new knowledge on what works and why for Aboriginal women in academia, identifying historical pathways and platforms to success, revealing common significant influences in order to uncover key drivers of success and aspects of cultural and social life, which have enabled them as Aboriginal women to succeed.
Everyday agency and transformation: Place, body and story in the divided city
Authors: Selimovic Johanna Mannergren
Published: November 2018

How do we identify and understand transformative agency in the quotidian that is not contained in formal, or even informal structures? This article investigates the ordinary agency of Palestinian inhabitants in the violent context of the divided city of Jerusalem. Through a close reading of three ethnographic moments I identify creative micropractices of negotiating the separation barrier that slices through the city. To conduct this analytical work I propose a conceptual grid of place, body and story through which the everyday can be grasped, accessed and understood. ‘Place’ encompasses the understanding that the everyday is always located and grounded in materiality; ‘body’ takes into account the embodied experience of subjects moving through this place; and ‘story’ refers to the narrative work conducted by human beings in order to make sense of our place in the world. I argue that people can engage in actions that function both as coping mechanisms (and may even support the upholding of status quo), and as moments of formulating and enacting agential projects with a more or less intentional transformative purpose. This insight is key to understanding the generative capacity of everyday agency and its importance for the macropolitics of peace and conflict.
Transnational moral economies: The value of monetary and social remittances in transnational families
Authors: Solari Cinzia D
Published: November 2018

Although migration scholars have called for studying both ends of migration, few studies have empirically done so. In this article the author analyzes ethnographic data conducted with migrant careworkers in Italy, many undocumented, and their non-migrant children in Ukraine to uncover the meanings they assign to monetary and also social remittances defined as the transfer of ideas, behaviors, and values between sending and receiving countries. The author argues that migrants and non-migrant children within transnational families produce a transnational moral economy or a set of social norms based on a shared migration discourse – in this case, either poverty or European aspirations – which governs economic and social practices in both sending and receiving sites. The author found that these contrasting transnational moral economies resulted in the production of ‘Soviet’ versus ‘capitalist’ subjectivities with consequences for migrant practices of integration in Italy, consumption practices for migrants and their non-migrant children, and for Ukraine’s nation-state building project.
Political rhetoric and attitudes toward nationhood: A time-comparative and cross-national analysis of 39 countries
Authors: Hadler Markus , Flesken Anaїd
Published: November 2018

Research on the relationship between nationhood and individual attitudes prominently focuses on whether – and how – the distinction between ethnic and civic conceptions may be drawn in mass public opinion. We depart from this literature to explain the effects of party rhetoric on shaping more restrictive conceptions of nationhood, which previous research refers to as “ethnic,” “objective,” or “ascriptive” views on nationhood. We do so in three parts: we examine whether political rhetoric, in terms of party manifestos, and individual-level conceptions of nationhood are linked; whether the relationship depends on the ideological alignment between political parties and respondents; and whether political rhetoric and individual predisposition act in combination. We analyze three waves of survey data from the International Social Survey Program’s National Identity module from 1995, 2003 and 2013, covering 58,498 respondents from 39 countries. We find that political rhetoric influences respondents’ conceptions of nationhood. This effect, however, is not as straightforward as initially expected. While the overall political climate does not have a direct effect at the societal level, it does affect the way in which a specific party’s political messages influence the attitudes of their individual recipients. Once the political climate is more ethnocentric, conceptions of nationhood tend to be more restrictive across the board, even among respondents aligned with parties that do not emphasize ethnic conceptions.
Writing the biofictive: Caryl Phillips and The Lost Child
Authors: Clingman Stephen
Published: November 2018

This article is an exploration of the biofictive in Caryl Phillips’s writing, in particular in his novel The Lost Child (2015). The term “biofiction” has been in critical use for some 20 years, but is in general under-theorized. The article intends to help fill that gap by considering the biofictive in Phillips’s work as a form of postcolonial epistemology. It also introduces a new but logical dimension by setting the biofictive in conversation with biopolitics. However, whereas the dominant focus in discussions of the biopolitical (formulations from Foucault to Agamben and beyond) concerns the structures and dispositions of power, the role of the biofictive is inflected differently insofar as it both acknowledges a history of power but also creates a space of narrative alterity and resistance. In Phillips’s work this is revealed both in his nonfiction and fiction, not least where the two are combined; and it is especially evident in the multimodal operations of his fiction, dispersed across time and space in the aftermath of slavery, migration, and empire. We see all this in The Lost Child, which also introduces a complex rereading of Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights. Overall, Phillips’s version of the postcolonial is capacious, intersecting with other forms of post-traumatic and fugitive experience. The biofictive becomes a bona fide form of knowledge in our postcolonial, post-imperial moment.
The mechanical property, degradation and cytocompatibility analysis of novel phosphate glass fiber textiles
Authors: Zhu Chenkai , Ahmed Ifty , Parsons Andrew , Liu Jinsong , Liu Xiaoling
Published: November 2018

Phosphate glass fibers have been widely considered as potential biomedical materials for orthopedical application due to their full degradability and excellent cytocompatibility. In this study, phosphate-based glass fibers were drawn from the glass system 48P2O5-12B2O3-14CaO-20MgO-1Na2O-5Fe2O3, via a melt-drawn spinning process and then woven into textile fabric using a small lab-scale inkle-loom. The annealing treatment was applied to both fibers and textiles with 1-hour heat treatment at 540℃, which was 10℃ above the glass transition temperature. An increase in Young's modulus was observed for the single filament fibers and a decrease in tensile strength with annealing treatment. During the degradation period, the tensile strength of non-annealed fibers presented a decrease by day 28, whilst annealed fibers had increased by day 7, then decreased by day 28, which was suggested to be due to the peeling effect observed on the surface of the fibers. The cytocompatibility of the textile fabric with annealing treatment (A-textile) and the non-annealed fabric (N-textile) was characterized via seeding of MG63 cells. Higher metabolic activity and DNA concentration were obtained for the A-textile samples when compared to the N-textile, which was suggested to be due to the lower dissolution rate of the A-textile resulting in fewer ions leaching into the solution. The phosphate glass fiber textiles investigated in this study have shown potential application as bioresorbable composites reinforcement for orthopedic treatment.
Exploring the significance of domestic investment for foreign direct investment in China: A city-network approach
Authors: Shi Shuai , Wall Ronald , Pain Kathy
Published: November 2018

This article uses a network approach and a negative binomial regression model (NBRM) to shed light on the association between Domestic Investment (DI) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in interlinking Chinese cities in a space of flows. The empirical analysis is based on 2743 FDI and 9315 DI projects covering 77 Chinese cities. We address the question of what the association is between DI network measures and city attractiveness for FDI, and if the geographic distance of DI matters. While the physical distance of DI activity is found to have a negative association with FDI, city functional proximity and structural position in the DI network are found to have a positive association. We conclude that strategic policies to stimulate cross-territorial economic ties between Chinese cities should be advantageous in attracting inward foreign investment.
South African clinical psychologists’ multicultural clinical and supervisory experience
Authors: Johnston Emma R
Published: November 2018

The study documents some of the multicultural challenges experienced by South African clinical psychologists and how these are addressed within the context of clinical practice, supervision, and training. This mail survey of 241 clinical psychologists registered with the Health Professions Council of South Africa during the year 2015, explored everyday clinical and supervisory practices. Multicultural training experiences were also studied. Findings indicated that multicultural challenges were experienced by 74.3% of respondents in clinical practice and by 34.3% of participants involved in supervision of clinicians and/or interns. Difficulties were related to cultural belief systems, language, specific therapeutic and supervisory obstacles, as well as socio-political and economic issues. Approaches employed to address these challenges primarily involved the use of therapeutic processes, positioning, and paradigms. An emphasis on lifelong learning processes was also present. Although evidence for multicultural competency and orientation was apparent in addressing these difficulties, findings suggest a need for more awareness and in-depth training in these areas.
The Suburbanity of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City
Authors: Watson Joseph M.
Published: November 2018

Frank Lloyd Wright’s Broadacre City seems anomalous in twentieth century urban history. First presented in 1930 as a critique of existing American cities, the project developed into a program for territorial decentralization over the ensuing decade. Although Wright’s often elliptical rhetoric can seem disengaged from urban discourse, this article argues that Broadacre City was based on prevailing suburban trends that it attempted to intensify. In doing so, the article makes two significant claims about Wright’s work. The first is that Broadacre City was not a utopian master plan but rather a hermeneutical framework for managing socio-spatial change. The second is that the project was as critically attentive to changes in and around American cities as it was uncritically informed by existing forms of privilege and prejudice. If Broadacre City appears to be better grounded in urban history as a result, then its historiographic status needs to be revisited.
Regional Draining Lymph Nodes: Considerations for Medical Device Studies
Authors: Wancket Lyn M.
Published: November 2018

Lymph nodes and associated lymphatics filter extracellular fluid and lymph to maintain tissue–fluid balance and detect distant tissue injury. Examination of regional draining lymph nodes (RDLs; lymph nodes that drain the route of article dosing) is an important step in detecting immunotoxicity and other associated changes during general toxicology studies. Similarly, evaluation of RDLs is often a key component of evaluating medical devices. Nonclinical medical device studies can present challenges for RDL evaluation, due to the wide variety of tissues and organs that are implanted with devices, the potential for wear debris/degradation products, and the likely disruption of normal lymphatic drainage by surgical procedures. This article discusses concepts for consideration when designing a nonclinical medical device study that includes the macroscopic evaluation, collection, histologic processing, microscopic assessment, and documentation of findings within RDLs. References describing RDLs for common implantation sites are reported, as are considerations for specific tissues and species commonly used in medical device biocompatibility and functional testing.
Rethinking Representation in Ontology and Aesthetics via Badiou and Rancière
Authors: Benčin Rok
Published: November 2018

The essay discusses a significant shift in conceptualizing the notion of representation found in Alain Badiou’s ontology and Jacques Rancière’s aesthetics. From Heidegger to Deleuze, the artwork was able to express an ontological truth about the world on the condition that it does not represent it. Badiou’s ‘subtractive’ approach to ontology and Rancière’s redefinition of the modern aesthetic break with representation, however, suggest that there is nothing to express beyond the veil of representation. Instead, representation can only be counteracted by the occurrence of surplus representations that subvert the principles of the dominant regime of representation. The essay provides an understanding of this shift by reversing the Leibnizian conceptual metaphor Adorno used to describe the modern artwork. Unlike ‘windowless monads’, whose seclusion from the world enables them to convey an ontological truth, artworks as ‘monadless windows’ reframe the parameters of what is perceived as reality.
How local personal vote-earning attributes affect the aggregate party vote share: Evidence from the Belgian flexible-list PR system (2003–2014)
Authors: Put Gert-Jan , Smulders Jef , Maddens Bart
Published: November 2018

This article investigates the effect of candidates exhibiting local personal vote-earning attributes (PVEA) on the aggregate party vote share at the district level. Previous research has often assumed that packing ballot lists with localized candidates increases the aggregate party vote and seat shares. We present a strict empirical test of this argument by analysing the relative electoral swing of ballot lists at the district level, a measure of change in party vote shares which controls for the national party trend and previous party results in the district. The analysis is based on data of 7527 candidacies during six Belgian regional and federal election cycles between 2003 and 2014, which is aggregated to an original data set of 223 ballot lists. The ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models do not show a significant effect of candidates exhibiting local PVEA on relative electoral swing of ballot lists. However, the results suggest that ballot lists do benefit electorally if candidates with local PVEA are geographically distributed over different municipalities in the district.
Crafting electricity through social protest: Afro-descendant and indigenous Embera communities protesting for hydroelectric infrastructure in Utría National Park, Colombia
Authors: Acosta García Nicolás , Farrell Katharine N
Published: November 2018

Development infrastructure is often discussed in terms of opposition by local and indigenous communities. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, we present the case of local indigenous Embera and Afro-descendant communities in Chocó, Colombia, that protested first to gain, and later to maintain access to electricity produced by the Mutatá hydroelectric dam in Utría National Park. In the context of development politics, taking into account the revised Colombian Constitution of 1991, we explore the motivations and expectations that underpinned these two protests. We contextualize the Afro-descendant community’s protests for development as a continuation of the Afro-descendant peoples’ struggle for social and political participation. We argue, on the other hand, that the Embera’s participation implies both an act of solidarity with their Afro-descendant kin and a performance of what Herbert Marcuse has called Refusal, in the context of late-industrial society. We use this case to help address potentially overlooked subtleties in the representation of the postcolonial subject in development politics, showing how long-term historical structures, reaching back to Spanish colonialization, continue to permeate and shape the desired futures in both communities as well as the ways in which they engage with and reject the contemporary Colombian state’s project of development.
French validation of the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale and further psychometric properties exploration among 168 people with osteoarthritis
Authors: Bareyre Loïc , Gay Chloé , Coste Nicolas , Bonnin Armand , Pereira Bruno , Coudeyre Emmanuel
Published: November 2018

Objective:

To validate the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale—French version (ASES-F) of the ASES questionnaire designed to evaluate self-efficacy in arthritis population and to confirm its psychometric properties.

Design:

The translation/back-translation procedure was done in line with cross-cultural adaptation international guidelines. Prospective multicenter validation was performed on 168 patients with osteoarthritis who filled out the ASES-F. Function subscale of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD), Knee Osteoarthritis Fears and Beliefs Questionnaire, and pain on visual analog scale were collected. Acceptability, internal consistency, reproducibility, internal and external structure validity, and sensitivity following a self-management program focused on physical activity were analyzed. The retest was performed 15 days later.

Results:

A culturally adapted version was obtained following the validation procedure. The final translated questionnaire is available within the full article. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was at 0.95 for the overall ASES-F. Regarding the test–retest reproducibility, Lin’s concordance coefficient was at 0.84. The internal and external validity was also explored with correlations at −0.50 between ASES-F and (WOMAC), and significant correlations between ASES-F and HAD. Sensitivity shown significant improvement at three months for the subscale function only (+2.65, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The ASES-F, French version of the ASES, available in supplemental data, was validated in knee osteoarthritis patients and could be used in clinical practice and research for French-speaking patients. Sensitivity needs to be more explored.
Making sense of the victim’s role in clemency decision making
Authors: Pascoe Daniel , Manikis Marie
Published: November 2018

This article discusses victim engagement with the executive clemency process from a normative perspective. The authors’ aim is to explore the existing models of victim participation in clemency decision making in common law jurisdictions, in order to determine whether these possess any sound theoretical basis. The article brings together the academic literatures on victim participation and clemency functionality in order to ground the analysis. In brief, the authors' main finding is that victim involvement in clemency decision making can indeed be supported by the theoretical literature, albeit to a more limited extent than is currently practised in some common law jurisdictions. In light of the theoretical underpinnings of clemency in democratic societies and the literature on victim participation, the authors conclude by making several ‘best practice’ recommendations for future policy-making.
Avatars in Pain: Visible Harm Enhances Mind Perception in Humans and Robots
Authors: Swiderska Aleksandra , Küster Dennis
Published: November 2018

Previous research has shown that when people read vignettes about the infliction of harm upon an entity appearing to have no more than a liminal mind, their attributions of mind to that entity increased. Currently, we investigated if the presence of a facial wound enhanced the perception of mental capacities (experience and agency) in response to images of robotic and human-like avatars, compared with unharmed avatars. The results revealed that harmed versions of both robotic and human-like avatars were imbued with mind to a higher degree, irrespective of the baseline level of mind attributed to their unharmed counterparts. Perceptions of capacity for pain mediated attributions of experience, while both pain and empathy mediated attributions of abilities linked to agency. The findings suggest that harm, even when it appears to have been inflicted unintentionally, may augment mind perception for robotic as well as for nearly human entities, at least as long as it is perceived to elicit pain.
Metropolitan governance structure and growth–inequality dynamics in the United States
Authors: Cho Jaewoo , Hong Kim Jae , Kim Yonsu
Published: November 2018

While much scholarly attention has been paid to ways in which metropolitan areas are politically structured and operated to achieve a dual goal, economic growth, and equality, relatively less is known about the complex relationship between metropolitan governance structures and growth–inequality dynamics. This study investigates how and to what extent metropolitan governance structures shape regional economic growth and inequality trajectories using data for 267 US metropolitan areas from 1990 to 2010. Findings from a two-stage least squares regression analysis suggest that economic growth is associated with governance structures in a nonlinear fashion, with relatively more rapid growth rates in both highly centralized and decentralized metropolitan areas. However, these regions are also found to experience a larger increase in income inequality, indicating an important trade-off to be considered carefully in exploring ways to reform existing governance settings. These findings further suggest that the so-called growth–inequality trade-off may exist not only in their direct interactions but through their connections via governance or other variables.
Post traumatic headache (PTH) in a cohort of UK compensation claimants
Authors: Lane Russell , Davies Paul
Published: November 2018

Aim

To explore post traumatic headache characteristics and risk factors in compensation claimants by observational retrospective cohort analysis.

Case results

Medicolegal reports on 116 consecutive compensation claimants aged 41.9 ± 15.0 years were reviewed 21 ± 14 months after injury. Eighty eight had suffered head and neck injuries, 21 reported only neck injury and seven had “other injuries”. Ninety four percent of the head injuries were “mild”. The incidence of post traumatic headache following neck injury did not differ from that following head and neck injury, and none of the “other injuries” cases developed post traumatic headache. We anticipated that all head and neck injury claimants would seek compensation for post traumatic headache, but 25% denied developing headache. Post traumatic headache was very strongly correlated with a past history of primary headache ( p < 0.0001) but no other risk factors were identified. Post traumatic headache semiology was consistent with “migraine” or “probable migraine” in 90% of cases. Headache resolved in 30% of claimants between 3 and 24 months after injury but 70% continued to suffer headaches at the time of assessment. Forty one percent of claimants had received no treatment for post traumatic headache in primary care.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that post traumatic headache is essentially “migraine” provoked by head or neck concussion. It is not clear why so many post traumatic headache sufferers receive poor or inadequate treatment for this condition.
Adolescent Sexting: The Roles of Self-Objectification and Internalization of Media Ideals
Authors: Speno Ashton Gerding , Aubrey Jennifer Stevens
Published: November 2018

We examined adolescent sexting using objectification theory as a framework. We hypothesized that sexting is a manifestation of trait self-objectification and the internalization of gender-specific media ideals about attractiveness. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 201 Midwestern adolescents, 14–17 years old. We tested a three-stage path model, which differed for female and male adolescents. For female adolescents, self-objectification was positively associated with favorable attitudes about sexting, which further predicted two types of intentions to engage in sexting: sexting when there is trust in the sexting partner (security-based intentions) and sexting that is spurred by situational cues. Although there was a serial mediation effect of self-objectification on sexting behaviors through sexting attitudes and total sexting intentions, only the indirect effect of sexting attitudes on behaviors through security-based intentions was individually significant. For male adolescents, internalization of media ideals was positively associated with sexting attitudes, which further predicted the two types of sexting intentions. Similar to female adolescents, there was a serial mediation effect of internalization of media ideals on sexting behaviors through sexting attitudes and total sexting intentions; however, only security-based sexting intentions predicted sexting behaviors. Our results have implications regarding how to conceptualize adolescent sexting and how researchers, parents, and educators may help teenage youth to establish healthy sexting attitudes and behaviors. Additional online materials for this article are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684318809383
The Dutch factory at Vengurla
Authors: Pendse Sachin
Published: November 2018

The arrival of European maritime powers altered the trading patterns and shipping practices of the Arabian Sea region. One development was the establishment by Europeans of commercial bases known as factories. These factories were often built according to European styles, which added a new and very different spectacle to the local environment. This research note focuses on a small factory established by the Dutch at Vengurla on the Konkan Coast, which forms part of the western seaboard of India. The factory was established in 1637 and was under direct administration of Batavia (Jakarta). It initially had a strategic function in the context of the rivalry between the Dutch and the Portuguese based at Goa. Eventually, as the political scenario changed, the factory began to trade in local products. It was finally abandoned in 1682, and although it now lies in ruins it offers an insightful case study of how and why factories operated in the European maritime empires of the early modern era.
‘American’ Tars: Impressment, citizenship and labour in early Republican New York City
Authors: Luecke Mirelle
Published: November 2018

During the impressment crisis of the 1790s and 1810s, sailors drove American commerce and shaped ideas of national sovereignty. ‘American Tars’ captured the imagination of the nation. Newspaper articles lauded their perceived independence and emphasized their key role in the nation’s economy. However, though national discourse presented sailors as American citizens, sailors themselves challenged the confines of citizenship, either adopting or rejecting the designation as necessary. Sailors’ use of protection papers – documents created by the U.S. government to claim sailors as American citizens – complicated the national narrative of the American sailor. This article examines how this diverging rhetoric played out in New York City, a port that was home to a large population of sailors and other transient labourers. Through their use of protection papers and through street action, sailors created solidarities that were not solely national, but instead looked towards a broader maritime world.
Witnessing the sea: Testimonials of seamen in the ‘Seven Salt Ships’ case (1564–1567) as sources for maritime, social, and legal history
Authors: Wubs-Mrozewicz Justyna
Published: November 2018

This article analyses a unique case of testimonials presented by seamen before the urban court of Danzig in 1564–1565. It argues that three factors played significant roles in how these statements were received and used in court: first, their overall status in society; second, their presence at the place of the contested events, which enabled them to provide relevant information; and third, the detail of their evidence, which owed much to their demonstrable experience of working at sea, and is largely unknown to modern researchers of the pre-modern maritime history of the Baltic region and northern Europe in general. The case therefore offers novel insights into maritime, social, and legal aspects of the life and work of mariners.
Invitation Timing and Participation Rates in Online Panels: Findings From Two Survey Experiments
Authors: Lindgren Elina , Markstedt Elias , Martinsson Johan , Andreasson Maria
Published: November 2018

Falling participation rates is one of the most significant challenges facing survey research today. To curb this negative trend, scholars have searched for factors that can increase and decrease citizens’ willingness to participate in surveys. In this article, we investigate the timing effects of survey invitation e-mails on participation rates in a university-based online panel with members of the Swedish public. Through two large-scale experimental studies, we examine whether the day of week ( N = 11,294) and time of day ( N = 47,279) for sending out survey invitations impact participation rates. We also ask respondents when they prefer to answer surveys. We find that the timing of survey invitations affects participation rates, however, the effects are small, short-lived, and even out within a week. We also find that the effects of timing vary by employment status and age. The results have implications for scholars and practitioners who utilize online panels for web surveys. When quick answers are important, there may be some limited gains of tailoring the timing of the survey invitation to different individuals. In surveys with more extended field periods, however, such efforts seem less warranted.
Information and Technology in Open Justice
Authors: Gasco-Hernandez Mila , Jimenez-Gomez Carlos E.
Published: November 2018

The topic of open justice has only been little explored perhaps due to its traditionally having been considered a “closed” field. There is still a need to know what open justice really means, to explore the use of information and technology in enabling open justice, and to understand what openness in the judiciary can do to improve government, society, and democracy. This special issue aims to shed light on the concept of openness in the judiciary by identifying and analyzing initiatives across the world.
Maasai beadwork has always been modern: An exploration of modernity through artifacts
Authors: Wijngaarden Vanessa
Published: November 2018

Maasai beaded ornaments are generally understood as traditional artifacts, but are in fact the result of modern developments. This case study refutes widespread assumptions about Maasai beadwork, showing that modernity cannot be captured accurately by the narrative of binary oppositions it has produced. I describe how the very presence, but also many of the uses and designs of these artifacts are material expressions of the dynamic and complex interactions and relationships between people across continents in modern times. By establishing and reflecting on these connections, I argue that modernity should be approached as a stage in the ongoing, increasingly integrated, humanity-wide cultural dynamic on our earth. This insight takes us out of the impasse in the debate on how to approach the concept of modernity, giving a clear space to the singular concept while simultaneously acknowledging that a variety of modernities have come about as different peoples are influenced by, as well as contribute to, the wider cultural dynamic. Employed so often in daily and scientific sense-making, it is essential to further disentangle understandings of modernity from modernist thinking in simple and absolute dichotomies, and establish it as an emergent and interactive process with semi-permeable boundaries that includes opposing voices.
Are employability and entrepreneurial measures for higher education relevant? Introducing AGILE reflection
Authors: Clinkard Karen
Published: November 2018

This article considers the relevance of current measures of employability and entrepreneurial (E&E) outcomes for evaluating the longer term value of a course of higher education (HE) study. HE stakeholders continue to discuss whether exit performance metrics engender positive or negative responses, with educators arguing that E&E outcomes should not focus heavily on hard skills, but should take into account a broader range of behavioural, attitudinal and mindset changes, claiming that these provide greater longitudinal value for graduates. Through a critical review of literature and models, the article explores the effectiveness of HE first-destination metrics in capturing E&E outcomes; whether explicit links exist between the metrics and outcomes; and what role students have in developing a narrative of their own E&E outcomes. The discussion examines ‘atheoretical’ perspectives in E&E education and issues of generalizability due to contextual variability, but identifies common key mindset dimensions that are incorporated into a proposed ‘AGILE’ learning tool so that students can reflect and develop a narrative of their E&E-related development against: adaptable, gatherer, identity awareness, life-long learning and enterprising capabilities. Thus, it sets out an approach that HE stakeholders may wish to consider embedding in their own curricula, which places the onus on students to reflect, self-evaluate and record personalized ‘small wins’.