bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anomalous dissolution of metals and chemical corrosion
Authors: Drazic Dragutin , Popic Jovan
Published: August 2005

An overview is given of the anomalous behavior of some metals, in particular Fe and Cr, in acidic aqueous solutions during anodic dissolution. The anomaly is recognizable by the fact that during anodic dissolution more material dissolves than would be expected from the Faraday law with the use of the expected valence of the formed ions. Mechanical disintegration, gas bubble blocking, hydrogen embitterment, passive layer cracking and other possible reasons for such behavior have been discussed. It was shown, as suggested by Kolotyrkin and coworkers, that the reason can be, also, the chemical reaction in which H2O molecules with the metal form metal ions and gaseous H2 in a potential independent process. It occurs simultaneously with the electrochemical corrosion process, but the electrochemical process controls the corrosion potential. On the example of Cr in acid solution it was shown that the reason for the anomalous behavior is dominantly chemical dissolution, which is considerably faster than the electrochemical corrosion, and that the increasing temperature favors chemical reaction, while the other possible reasons for the anomalous behavior are of negligible effect. This effect is much smaller in the case of Fe, but exists. The possible role of the chemical dissolution reaction and hydrogen evolution during pitting of steels and Al and stress corrosion cracking or corrosion fatigue are discussed.
Lipase immobilized by different techniques on various support materials applied in oil hydrolysis
Authors: Minovska Vilma , Winkelhausen Eleneora , Kuzmanova Slobodanka
Published: August 2005

Batch hydrolysis of olive oil was performed by Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on Amberlite IRC-50 and Al2O3. These two supports were selected out of 16 carriers: inorganic materials (sand, silica gel, infusorial earth Al2O3), inorganic salts (CaCO3, CaSO4), ion-exchange resins (Amberlite IRC-50 and IR-4B, Dowex 2X8), a natural resin (colophony), a natural biopolymer (sodium alginate), synthetic polymers (polypropylene, polyethylene) and zeolites. Lipase immobilization was carried out by simple adsorption adsorption followed by cross-linking, adsorption on ion-exchange resins combined adsorption and precipitation, pure precipitation and gel entrapment. The suitability of the supports and techniques for the immobilization of lipase was evaluated by estimating the enzyme activity, protein loading immobilization efficiency and reusability of the immobilizates. Most of the immobilizates exhibited either a low enzyme activity or difficulties during the hydrolytic reaction. Only those prepared by ionic adsorption on Amberlite IRC-50 and by combined adsorption and precipitation on Al2O33 showed better activity, 2000 and 430 U/g support, respectively, and demonstrated satisfactory behavior when used repeatedly. The hydrolysis was studied as a function of several parameters: surfactant concentration, enzyme concentration, pH and temperature. The immobilized preparation with Amberlite IRC-50 was stable and active in the whole range of pH (4 to 9) and temperature (20 to 50 ?C), demonstrating a 99%degree of hydrolysis. In repeated usage, it was stable and active having a half-life of 16 batches which corresponds to an operation time of 384 h. Its storage stability was remarkable too, since after 9 months it had lost only 25 % of the initial activity. The immobilizate with Al2O3 was less stable and less active. At optimal environmental conditions, the degree of hydrolysis did not exceed 79 %. In repeated usage, after the fourth batch, the degree of hydrolysis was reduced to 53.5 %.
Hydrothermal synthesis and structure of a new layered zincophosphate intercalated with 3-methylaminopropylamine cations
Authors: Rajic Nevenka , Zabukovec-Logar Natasa , Stojakovic Djordje , Sajic Sanja , Golobic Amalija , Kaucic Venceslav
Published: August 2005

A novel layered zincophosphate (ZnPO?MPA) was prepared by hydrothermal crystallization using 3-methylaminopropylamine (MPA) as a structure-directing agent. The structure consists of macroanion [Zn2P3O8(OH)3]2- layers which are built up of 4-membered ring channels. The channels (of about 3.7 ? diameter) arise through the connection of the neighbouring rings by two oxygen bridges. The negative charge of the layers is compensated by diprotonated MPA molecules which are stacked parallel to the ring channels. ZnPO?MPA is stable up to 300 ?C. At higher temperatures MPA decomposition begins followed by a dehydration, which occurs through condensation of the framework hydroxyl groups. The activation energy of the MPA decomposition is high due to the fact that the layers and MPA cations are held together by strong hydrogen bonds.
Thermo-kinetic and spectral studies of niobium(V) complexes with 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto-1, 2, 4-triazole Schiff bases
Authors: Gudosi Kalagouda , Maravalli Prabhugouda , Goudar Timmanagouda
Published: August 2005

Metal complexes of niobium(V) with 3-substituted-4-amino-5-mercapto 1,2,4-triazole Schiff bases have been synthesized in dry chloroform under a nitrogen atmosphere. They were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, electronic, infrared, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and thermal studies. Parameters, such as energy of activation (Ea), enthalpy (?H#), entropy (?S#) and Gibbs energy (?G#), were computed from the thermal decomposition data. Based on the spectral and thermal studies, a coordination number of seven is proposed.
Graph of atomic orbitals and the molecular structure-descriptors based on it
Authors: Toropov Andrey , Gutman Ivan , Furtula Boris
Published: August 2005

The graph of atomic orbitals (GAO) is a novel type of molecular graph recently proposed by one of the authors. Various molecular structure-descriptors computed for GAO are compared with their analogs computed for ordinary molecular graphs. The quality of these structure-descriptors was tested for correlation with the normal boiling points of alkanes and cycloalkanes. In all the studied cases, the results based on GAO are similar to, and usually slightly better than, those obtained by means of ordinary molecular graps.
Thermal study of the anatase–rutile structural transitions in sol-gel synthesized titanium dioxide powders
Authors: de Farias , Silva Cecilia , Restivo Thomaz
Published: August 2005

Titanium dioxide powders were synthesized by the sol?gel process using titanium tetrabutoxide as the precursor. The syntheses were performed in saturated aqueous solutions of KCl, CaCl2, NiCl2, CoCl2 and MnCl2, and in dimethylformamaide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. The obtained X-ray diffraction patterns show that all samples were crystalline (anatase phase) with some minor amounts of a brookite phase. It is worth noting that the anatase phase was obtained independent of any previous or further treatment of the synthesized powder, such as hydrothermal or heat treatment. For the titanium dioxide powders synthesized in saturated aqueous solution of metal chlorides (mean crystallite size = 11 nm), the anatase?rutile transition occurred in the range 455?570 ?C, depending on the considered sample, as verified by DTA analysis. In the powders synthesized in DMF or DMSO solutions (means crystallite size = 6 nm), the same structural transition occurred at 485 ?C.
Synthesis and Properties of 7‐Substituted 7‐Deazapurine (Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine) 2′‐Deoxyribonucleosides
Authors: Seela Frank , Peng Xiaohua
Published: August 2005

7‐Substituted 7‐deazapurine (pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidine) 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides are synthesized by stereoselective nucleobase anion glycosylation. The introduction of a halogen at C7 is performed regioselectively either on the nucleobase or on the nucleoside. The pKa values of a series of 7‐deazapurine 2′‐deoxyribonucleosides are provided, and fluorescence properties are also discussed.
Evaluation of the suitability of ex vivo handled ovarian tissues for optical diagnosis by Raman microspectroscopy
Authors: Krishna C. Murali , Sockalingum G. D. , Venteo L. , Bhat Rani A. , Kushtagi Pralhad , Pluot M. , Manfait M.
Published: August 2005

A pilot Raman microspectroscopy study of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded, and deparaffinized sections from the same ovarian normal and malignant tissues was carried out. This approach was considered in order to evaluate the suitability of these ex vivo tissue handling procedures in discrimination as well as biochemical characterization. The spectra of formalin‐fixed normal and malignant tissues exhibited no contamination due to formalin, which is indicated by the absence of strong formalin peaks; spectral features also show significant differences for normal and malignant tissues. The differences between spectral profiles of deparaffinized normal and malignant tissues are subtle and spectra show few residual sharp peaks of paraffin. Complete dominance of paraffin swamping signals from tissues was observed in the spectra of paraffin‐embedded tissues. Principal components analysis (PCA), which was employed for discrimination of tissue type, provided good discrimination for formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue spectra. PCA of deparaffinized tissues resulted in a poor classification with significant overlap among the clusters. Thus, this study indicates that formalin fixation is the most suitable among the three procedures employed in the study. Significant differences between spectral profiles of normal and malignant formalin‐fixed tissues can not only be exploited for discrimination but can also provide information on biochemical characteristics of the tissues. Deparaffinized tissues provide poor discrimination and information on tissue biochemistry is lost. Paraffin‐embedded tissues may provide good discrimination, but predominance of paraffin in the spectra could jeopardize biochemical characterization. Prospectively, as a result of the better availability of paraffin‐embedded tissues and problems associated with frozen sectioning of formalin‐fixed tissues, the results of this study using paraffin‐embedded tissues are very encouraging. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 79: 269‐276, 2005

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthetic Applications of β‐Fluoroalkylated α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Billard Thierry
Published: August 2005

β‐Fluoroalkylated α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds constitute efficient building blocks for the synthesis of complex fluorinated compounds. As the fluorinated moiety generally increases their reactivity, it also brings important modifications which can change the chemical behavior and selectivity. Their use has been already largely demonstrated. Nevertheless, the synthetic potential has not yet been fully explored and, consequently should play an important role in the design of new sophisticated fluorinated molecules. Nevertheless, it shall be important to develop new synthetic methods to enlarge their availability and their diversity.
A Microwave‐Accelerated Esterification of α,β‐Unsaturated Acids with Alkyl or Aryl Carbonochloridate and Triethylamine in Acetonitrile as a Novel Esterifying Reagent Mixture.
Authors: Pathania Vinod , Sharma Anuj , Sinha Arun K.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phenylsulfonic Acid Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Catalyzed Transetherification of Alcohols with Dimethoxymethane.
Authors: Yang Jian‐Ming , Lue Jian
Published: August 2005

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Aromatic H/D Exchange Reaction Catalyzed by Groups 5 and 6 Metal Chlorides.
Authors: Guo Qiao‐Xia , Shen Bao‐Jian , Guo Hai‐Qing , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: August 2005

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Chiral Oxime Ethers in Asymmetric Synthesis. Part 7. O‐(1‐Phenylbutyl)benzyloxyacetaldoxime, a Versatile Reagent for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Protected 1,2‐Aminoalcohols, α‐Amino Acid Derivatives, and 2‐Hydroxymethyl Nitrogen Heterocycles Including Iminosugars.
Authors: Cooper Tracey S. , Larigo Alexander S. , Laurent Pierre , Moody Christopher J. , Takle Andrew K.
Published: August 2005

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Cp2ZrCl2‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling Reactions of CO2, Ethylene (or Alkynes), and Electrophiles Leading to Carboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Yamashita Kohei , Chatani Naoto
Published: August 2005

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidation Without CCl4 of Oleic Acid, Other Monoenic Fatty Acids and Alkenes.
Authors: Zimmermann Francois , Meux Eric , Mieloszynski Jean‐Luc , Lecuire Jean‐Marie , Oget Nicolas
Published: August 2005

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Second‐Generation Organocatalysts for the Highly Enantioselective Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Azlactones.
Authors: Berkessel Albrecht , Mukherjee Santanu , Cleemann Felix , Mueller Thomas N. , Lex Johann
Published: August 2005

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Fluorous Distannoxane Catalyzed Acetylation of Alcohols in Heterogeneous Single Fluorous Solvent System.
Authors: Peng Zhihong , Orita Akihiro , An Delie , Otera Junzo
Published: August 2005

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A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Fluorinated Compounds by Reaction of Lithium Dianions of Carboxylic Acids with Perfluoroketene Dithioacetals.
Authors: Sotoca Enrique , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Gil Salvador , Parra Margarita , Portella Charles
Published: August 2005

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Super Fast Cobalt Carbonyl Mediated Synthesis of Ureas.
Authors: Enquist Per‐Anders , Nilsson Peter , Edin Johan , Larhed Mats
Published: August 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopropanes from Sulfinylpyrazolines Mediated by Acids
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose L. , Alonso Marina , Fraile Alberto , Martin Rosario , Peromingo M. Teresa , Tito Amelia
Published: August 2005

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SO2‐Extrusion of an 8‐Thiabicyclo[3.2.1]octa‐2,6‐diene 8,8‐Dioxide and Rearrangement of the Resulting Cycloheptatriene.
Authors: Takayama Jun , Sugihara Yoshiaki , Nakayama Juzo
Published: August 2005

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4‐Aminobicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐2‐ones and ‐ols via Enamine Intermediates.
Authors: Seebacher Werner , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Saf Robert , Weis Robert
Published: August 2005

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Nitroaldol‐Reaction of Aldehydes in the Presence of Non‐Activated Mg:Al 2:1 Hydrotalcite: A Possible New Mechanism for the Formation of 2‐Aryl‐1,3‐dinitropropanes.
Authors: Cwik Agnieszka , Fuchs Aliz , Hell Zoltan , Clacens Jean‐Marc
Published: August 2005

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Praseodymium Trifluoromethylsulfonate as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles.
Authors: De Surya K. , Gibbs Richard A.
Published: August 2005

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Polystyrenes with Chiral Phosphoramide Substituents as Lewis Base Catalysts for Asymmetric Addition of Allyltrichlorosilane: Enhancement of Catalytic Performance by Polymer Effect.
Authors: Oyama Toshiyuki , Yoshioka Hiroki , Tomoi Masao
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxythiolanes as Potential Catalysts for Asymmetric Organozinc Additions to Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Kielbasinski Piotr , Albrycht Malgorzata , Mikolajczyk Marian , Wieczorek Michal W. , Majzner Wieslaw R. , Filipczak Agnieszka , Ciolkiewicz Piotr
Published: August 2005

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TEMPO‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Benzylic Alcohols to Aldehydes with the H2O2/HBr/ionic Liquid [bmim]PF6 System.
Authors: Jiang Nan , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: August 2005

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A New, Practical and Efficient Sulfone‐Mediated Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ketones from Alkyl and Alkenyl Bromides.
Authors: Munoz Lourdes , Rosa Esmeralda , Bosch Ma. Pilar , Guerrero Angel
Published: August 2005

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The Direct Acyl‐Alkylation of Arynes.
Authors: Tambar Uttam K. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of Arylmethylenemalononitriles Catalyzed by KF—Al2O3 under Ultrasound.
Authors: Li Ji‐Tai , Chen Guo‐Feng , Wang Shu‐Xiang , He Lin , Li Tong‐Shuang
Published: August 2005

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A Cross‐Linked Reverse Micelle‐Encapsulated Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Price Kristin E. , McQuade D. Tyler
Published: August 2005

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The First Example of Polymer‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Stereoselective S—S Bond Addition to Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Ananikov Valentine P. , Kabeshov Michael A. , Beletskaya Irina P.
Published: August 2005

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N‐Hydroxy Sulfonimidamides as New Nitroxyl (HNO) Donors
Authors: Pennington Richard L. , Sha Xin , King S. Bruce
Published: August 2005

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Highly Stereoselective Vinylogous Pummerer Rearrangement
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose L. , Aleman Jose , Aranda M. Teresa , Arevalo Maria J. , Padwa Albert
Published: August 2005

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Novel Chemoselective Tosylation of the Alcoholic Hydroxyl Group of syn‐α,β‐Disubstituted β‐Hydroxy Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Wu Yikang , Sun Ya‐Ping
Published: August 2005

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Manganese(III) Acetate Mediated Synthesis of 3‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans and 3‐(Dihydrofuran‐2(3H)‐ylidene)‐1,1,1‐trifluoroacetones by Free Radical Cyclization. Part 1.
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Pekel A. Tarik
Published: August 2005

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Novel and Efficient Catalytic Route for the Syntheses of Tetrahydrofurans Useful in the Preparation of Neonicotinoid Insecticides.
Authors: Potluri Srinagesh Kumar , Ramulu A. Raghu , Pardhasaradhi M.
Published: August 2005

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Deprotonation of Thiophenes Using Lithium Magnesates.
Authors: Bayh Omar , Awad Hacan , Mongin Florence , Hoarau Christophe , Trecourt Francois , Queguiner Guy , Marsais Francis , Blanco Fernando , Abarca Belen , Ballesteros Rafael
Published: August 2005

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A New Synthesis of 4‐Dialkylamino‐1,5‐dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones by Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Aminocarbonylation of 2‐Ynylamines.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Plastina Pierluigi , Salerno Giuseppe , Costa Mirco
Published: August 2005

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N‐Iodosuccinimide — An Effective Reagent for Regioselective Heterocyclization of o‐Cyclohex‐2′‐enylanilines for the Synthesis of Hexahydrocarbazoles.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Kundu U. K. , Das U. , Jana N. K. , Roy B.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 6,6‐Difluorocyclopropa[b]furo[2,3‐c]pyrrole and 7‐Fluorofuro[3,2‐c]pyridine Derivatives via 1,5‐Electrocyclization of Carbene‐Derived Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Voznyi Igor V. , Novikov Mikhail S. , Khlebnikov Alexander F.
Published: August 2005

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New Derivatives of 3‐Aminoindole. Synthesis of 2‐Aryl(hetaryl)‐3‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrazolyl)indoles.
Authors: Przheval'skii N. M. , Skvortsova N. S. , Magedov I. V.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 3,9,9,9a‐Tetramethyl‐1,2,3,9a‐tetrahydro‐9H‐imidazo[1,2‐a]indol‐2‐ones by Reaction of 2,3,3‐Trimethyl‐3H‐indole with 2‐Bromopropionamides.
Authors: Valaityte E. , Martynaitis V. , Sackus A.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 3‐ and 5‐Amino‐5‐(3)‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)isoxazoles.
Authors: Sobenina Lyubov' N. , Drichkov Vladislav N. , Mikhaleva Al'bina I. , Petrova Olga V. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: August 2005

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Nucleophilic Functionalization of 2‐Alkylidene‐4‐oxothiazolidines at C(5)‐Position Induced by Formation of Novel Pyridinium Salt
Authors: Markovic R. , Pavlovich J. G. , Baranac M.
Published: August 2005

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New Oxadiazole Derivatives Showing Partly Antiplatelet, Antithrombotic and Serotonin Antagonistic Properties.
Authors: Bethge Katrin , Pertz Heinz H. , Rehse Klaus
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazolines from 1,2‐Dithiole‐3‐thiones.
Authors: Ogurtsov Vladimir A. , Rakitin Oleg A. , Rees Charles W. , Smolentsev Alexey A.
Published: August 2005

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Regioselective Preparation of Pyridin‐2‐yl Ureas from 2‐Chloropyridines Catalyzed by Pd(0).
Authors: Abad Antonio , Agullo Consuelo , Cunat Ana Carmen , Vilanova Cristina
Published: August 2005

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Unexpected Oxidation of Azafluoren‐9‐ones under Baeyer—Villiger Conditions.
Authors: Anh Le Tuan , Volkov S. V. , Polyanski K. B. , Soldatenkov A. T.
Published: August 2005

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Unique 11b‐Substituted Indeno[2,1‐c]quinolin‐6‐one Ring System.
Authors: Mitchell Lorna H. , Samas Brian
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of Thione‐Propiolic Acid Adducts
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Maekawa Shinobu
Published: August 2005

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Facile Synthesis of 12‐Ketoquino [2,1‐b]Quinazolines via the Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction of 6‐Nitro‐2‐methyl‐3‐aryl‐4(3H)quinazolones.
Authors: Bhatti Harjinder S. , Seshadri S.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Spirothiazolo[4′,2]‐ and Thiazolo[3,4‐a]quinoxalines Based on 3‐(α‐Bromoethyl)quinoxalin‐2‐ones and Thiourea.
Authors: Kalinin A. A. , Isaikina O. G. , Mamedov V. A.
Published: August 2005

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Interaction of 1,2‐Alkadienephosphonic Dialkyl Esters with Sulfenyl‐ and Selenenylbromides.
Authors: Enchev Dobromir D.
Published: August 2005

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Antitumor Abietane Diterpenes from the Cones of Sequoia sempervirens
Authors: Son Kwang‐Hee , Oh Hyun‐Mi , Choi Sung‐Kyu , Han Dong Cho , Kwon Byoung‐Mog
Published: August 2005

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Six New Sesquiterpenes from Cacalia ainsliaeflora
Authors: Mao Man‐Jun , Jiang Biao , Jia Zhong‐Jian
Published: August 2005

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Reactions of 5‐Diazoimidazoles with Steroid Hydrazones.
Authors: Sadchikova E. V. , Kureneva E. A. , Shtokareva E. A. , Selezneva I. S.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Reactions of tert‐Butyl Glycinate—Benzophenone Schiff Base Catalyzed by Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalyst in Aqueous Media Without Any Organic Solvent.
Authors: Mase Nobuyuki , Ohno Takahiro , Morimoto Hironao , Nitta Fumito , Yoda Hidemi , Takabe Kunihiko
Published: August 2005

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A Facile and Eco‐Friendly Method for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Orthoesters of Carbohydrates in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. V. , Sajisha V. S. , Chacko Jessy Maria
Published: August 2005

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Toward the Synthesis of (+)‐Pericosine B
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose L. , Lopez‐Cantarero Jesus , Alemparte Carlos
Published: August 2005

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Stereochemistry of 3,4‐Dihydroexcelsin.
Authors: Pandey Anuj , Joshi Bipin Chandra , Kumar Satish , Raj Kanwal , Sharma Ram Prakash , Khare Anakshi
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of a Simplified Analogue of Eleutherobin via a Claisen Rearrangement and Ring Closing Metathesis Strategy.
Authors: Chiang Gary C. H. , Bond Andrew D. , Ayscough Andrew , Pain Gilles , Ducki Sylvie , Holmes Andrew B.
Published: August 2005

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Resonant Soft X‐ray Scattering — A New Probe of Charge, Spin and Orbital Ordering in the Manganites
Authors: Hatton P. D. , Wilkins S. B. , Beale T. A. W. , Johal T. K. , Prabhakaran D. , Boothroyd A. T.
Published: August 2005

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Advances in Theoretical and Physical Aspects of Spin—Spin Coupling Constants
Authors: Contreras Ruben H. , Barone Veronica , Facelli Julio C. , Peralta Juan E.
Published: August 2005

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Consistency Issues of Aqueous Solubility Data and Solution Thermodynamics of Electrolytes
Authors: De Visscher Alex , Vanderdeelen Jan
Published: August 2005

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Materials Strategy for Advanced Lithium‐Ion (Shuttlecock) Batteries: Lithium Nickel Manganese Oxides with or Without Cobalt
Authors: Ohzuku Tsutomu , Ariyoshi Kingo , Makimura Yoshinari , Yabuuchi Naoaki , Sawai Keijiro Sawai Keijiro
Published: August 2005

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Epitaxial Selforganization: From Surfaces to Magnetic Materials
Authors: Fruchart Olivier
Published: August 2005

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Ferromagnetic Planar Nanocomposites
Authors: Carbucicchio M. , Rateo M.
Published: August 2005

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The Catalytic Nanodiode: Its Role in Catalytic Reaction Mechanisms in a Historical Perspective
Authors: Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: August 2005

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Conformation‐Directed Macrocyclization Reactions
Authors: Blankenstein Joerg , Zhu Jieping
Published: August 2005

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Application of Cross‐Coupling and Metalation Chemistry of 3(2H)‐Pyridazinones to Fungicide and Herbicide Discovery
Authors: Stevenson Thomas M. , Crouse Brett A. , Thieu Tho V. , Gebreysus Cristina , Finkelstein Bruce L. , Sethuraman Maya R. , Dubas‐Cordery Christina M. , Piotrowski Donna L.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nitropyridines, Their Synthesis and Reactions
Authors: Bakke Jan M.
Published: August 2005

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The General Dienol: Benzene Rearrangement of Ring A of the Steroids
Authors: Hanson James R.
Published: August 2005

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Alkyne Metathesis
Authors: Fuerstner Alois , Davies Paul W.
Published: August 2005

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Addition of HO‐Nucleophiles to Free and Coordinated Nitriles
Authors: Bokach N. A. , Kukushkin V. Yu.
Published: August 2005

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Methyltrioxorhenium(VII) as an Oxidation Catalyst
Authors: Kuehn Fritz E. , Herrmann Wolfgang A.
Published: August 2005

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Phase‐Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Dehmlow Eckehard Volker
Published: August 2005

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Copper
Authors: Smith D. W.
Published: August 2005

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Burrows Andrew D.
Published: August 2005

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Pharmacological Properties of Gyokuheifusan, a Traditional Kampo Medicinal Formula
Authors: Makino Toshiaki
Published: August 2005

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Catalysis and Organometallic Chemistry of Monometallic Species
Authors: Douthwaite Richard E.
Published: August 2005

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The Virtue of Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions — Diverse Oligocyclizations of Acyclic 2‐Bromoenynes and 2‐Bromoenediynes.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Braese Stefan
Published: August 2005

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Synthetic Strategies of Marine Polycyclic Ethers via Intramolecular Allylations: Linear and Convergent Approaches
Authors: Kadota Isao , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: August 2005

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Recent Development of a Porphyrin Mutant — N‐Confused Porphyrin
Authors: Ishizuka Tomoya , Furuta Hiroyuki
Published: August 2005

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Hydrothermal Solution Structure: Experiments and Computer Simulations
Authors: Seward T. M. , Driesner T.
Published: August 2005

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Quantum Dynamics of Complex Molecular Systems
Authors: Miller William H.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solvent Effects on the Kinetics of Organic Reactions Described as the Concerted Single Electron Shift and Bond Interchange
Authors: Jaworski Jan S.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Research in Pulsed Magnetic Fields Up to 70 Tesla
Authors: Herlach F. , Bogaerts R. , Harrison N. , Hayne M. , Lagutin A. , Mashkautsan V. , Rosseel K. , Vanacken J. , van Bockstal L. , Moshchalkov V. V.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Group II Intron Ribozymes and Metal Ions — A Delicate Relationship
Authors: Sigel Roland K. O.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bioactive S‐Alk(en)yl Cysteine Sulfoxide Metabolites in the Genus Allium: The Chemistry of Potential Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Rose Peter , Whiteman Matt , Moore Philip K. , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemically Prepared Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Willard M. A. , Kurihara L. K. , Carpenter E. E. , Calvin S. , Harris V. G.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Nucleosynthesis and Future Stellar Abundance Determinations
Authors: Gustafsson B.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intra‐ and Intermolecular Multiple‐Quantum Coherences in Liquid Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Zhu Xiaoqin , Chen Song , Chen Zhong , Zhong Jianhui
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Frequency Dependence of EPR Sensitivity
Authors: Rinard George A. , Quine Richard W. , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Desymmetrizing Hydroformylation of Dialkenylcarbinols with the Aid of a Planar‐Chiral, Catalyst‐Directing Group
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Breuninger Daniel
Published: August 2005

The desymmetrizing hydroformylation of dialkenylcarbinolshas been achieved with the aid of a planar‐chiral, substrate‐bound catalyst‐directing group — the ortho‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocencylcarbonyl group (o‐DPPF). This methodallows the simultaneous construction of two new, vicinal stereogenic centers with high levels of stereocontrol. Optimization of the hydroformylation conditions, determination of the relative and absolute configuration of the product aldehydes (chemical derivatization and X‐ray crystallographic studies), as well as conditions for removal and recovery of the catalyst‐directing o‐DPPF group are described. Furthermore, a model is presented that rationalizes the experimentally observed stereochemical result, and a new esterification protocol, which allows the formation of the sterically very hindered dialkenylcarbinol o‐DPPF esters, is described. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
The Electrochemical Detection of Arsenic(III) at a Silver Electrode
Authors: Simm Andrew O. , Banks Craig E. , Compton Richard G.
Published: August 2005

A study of three electrode substrates namely gold, platinum and silver, for arsenic detection via anodic stripping voltammetry is reported. Hitherto it has been accepted that gold is the most suitable metallic surface for use in this context, as suggested by Forsberg and co‐workers (Forsberg, G.; O'Laughlin, J. W.; Megargle, R. G. Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 1586.). We revisit these experiments and find that by switching from hydrochloric acid to nitric acid the oxidation of silver that had previously masked the arsenic stripping signal at this surface is shifted considerably enough to allow a clear, analytically reliable As(III) stripping signal to be detected. In contrast to silver and gold platinum is found to have poor performance as an electrode substrate for arsenic detection. Using ASV a LOD of 6.3×10−7 M is found for As(III) detection at a silver electrode, similar to that which we have previously reported at a gold electrode (A. O. Simm, C. E. Banks and R. G. Compton. Electroanalysis, 2005, 17, 335.) The use of ultrasound was then investigated to further reduce the LOD, which was found to be 1.4×10−8 M. Apart from reduced cost of silver it also has an added advantage over gold in that it has a higher hydrogen reduction overvoltage enabling a 100 mV more negative deposition potential to be used before the onset of hydrogen evolution when compared to a gold electrode.
Preparation of a Selective Receptor for Ephedrine for the Rapid Electrochemical Detection of Ephedrine in Human Urine Using Stabilized in Air Lipid Films with Incorporated Ephedrine Receptor
Authors: Nikolelis Dimitrios P. , Raftopoulou Garyfallia , Siontorou Christina G.
Published: August 2005

The present technique describes the preparation of a selective receptor for ephedrine and a technique for the rapid electrochemical detection of ephedrine in human urine using lipid films with incorporated receptor that are synthesized by a chemical reaction with a methacrylate polymer on a glass fiber filter. The selective receptor was synthesized using a resorcin[4]arene receptor and by transforming all the OH groups into methoxy groups. Injections of ephedrine were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution and a transient current signal, with duration of seconds, appeared in less than two minutes after exposure of the lipid membranes to the compound. The magnitude of this signal was linearly related to the concentration of this stimulant, which could be determined at micromolar levels. The effect of potent interferences including a wide range of compounds usually found in human urine (i.e., ascorbic aid, glucose, leucine, glycine, tartrate, citrate, bicarbonate and caffeine) was examined. Also, the effect of proteins and lipids was investigated. The results showed that there were no interferences from all these constituents in concentration levels usually found in human urine samples. Dopamine was also investigated as a potent interferent. The results have shown that the transformation of the hydroxy to methoxy groups has increased the selectivity of the receptor towards ephedrine and decreased it towards dopamine which does not cause and interference at concentration levels lower than of 10−3 M. Urine samples provided similar results and allowed the development of a technique for the rapid electrochemical detection of this stimulant in human urine at the levels of 10−6 M concentrations. The reproducibility of the method was checked in about 100 samples.
Identifying the time‐effect factors of multiple time series
Authors: Hu Yu‐pin
Published: August 2005

The Peña–Box model is considered for finding the time‐effect factors of a multiple time series. This paper first establishes the connection between the Peña–Box model and the vector ARMA model. According to the Peña–Box model, some series can be ignored while modelling the vector ARMA model. A consistent estimator is then proposed to identify the model for nonlinear and nonstationary time series. Finally, the finite‐sample behaviour of the estimator is illustrated via simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glycosylated neuropeptides: A new vista for neuropsychopharmacology?
Authors: Polt Robin , Dhanasekaran Muthu , Keyari Charles M.
Published: August 2005

The application of endogenous neuropeptides (e.g., enkephalins) as analgesics has been retarded by their poor stability in vivo and by their inability to effectively penetrate the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Effective BBB transport of glycosylated enkephalins has been demonstrated in several labs now. Analgesia (antinociception) levels greater than morphine, and with reduced side effects have been observed for several glycopeptides related to enkephalin. Somewhat paradoxically, enhanced BBB transport across this lipophilic barrier is achieved by attaching water‐soluble carbohydrate groups to the peptide moieties to produce biousian glycopeptides that can be either water‐soluble or membrane bound. Transport is believed to rely on an endocytotic mechanism (transcytosis), and allows for systemic delivery and transport of the water‐soluble glycopeptides. Much larger endorphin/dynorphin glycopeptide analogs bearing amphipathic helix address regions also have been shown to penetrate the BBB in mice. This holds forth the possibility of transporting much larger neuropeptides across the BBB, which may encompass a wide variety of receptors beyond the opioid receptors. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomics for Health
Authors: Palagi Patricia , Sanchez Jean‐Charles , Stöcklin Reto
Published: August 2005

No abstracts.
The interaction of cationic antimicrobial peptides with vesicles containing synthetic glycolipids as models of the outer membrane of gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Gobbo Marina , Biondi Laura , Filira Fernando , Rocchi Raniero
Published: August 2005

Two simple lipid A analogues methyl 2,3‐di‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside (GL1) and methyl 2,3‐di‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside 4‐O‐phosphate (GL2) were synthesized and used for preparing mixed phosphocholine vesicles as models of the outer membrane of gram‐negative bacteria. The interaction of these model membranes with magainin 2, a representative of the α‐helical membrane active peptides, and apidaecin Ib and drosocin, two insect Pro‐rich peptides which do not act at the level of the cellular membrane, were studied by CD and dye‐releasing experiments. The CD spectra of apidaecin Ib and drosocin in the presence of GL1‐ or GL2‐containing vesicles were consistent with largely unordered structures, whereas, according to the CD spectra, magainin 2 adopted an amphipathic α‐helical conformation, particularly in the presence of negatively charged bilayers. The ability of the peptides to fold into amphipathic conformations was strictly correlated to their ability to bind and to permeabilize phospholipid as well as glycolipid membranes. Apidaecin Ib and drosocin, which are unable to adopt an amphipathic structure, showed negligible dye‐leakage activity even in the presence of GL2‐containing vesicles. It is reasonable to suppose that, as for the killing mechanism, the two classes of antimicrobial peptides follow different patterns to cross the bacterial outer membrane. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral properties of helium‐like ions under strongly coupled plasma conditions
Authors: Sil A. N. , Mukherjee P. K.
Published: August 2005

Systematic investigations have been performed to study the effect of strongly coupled plasma on the dynamic polarizabilities, low‐lying energy levels, oscillator strengths, and transition probabilities for the helium isoelectronic ions Li+, Be2+, B3+, C4+, N5+, O6+, F7+, and Ne8+. An ion‐sphere (IS) model of the plasma has been adopted and time‐dependent perturbation theory has been applied to calculate the energy levels and other transition properties. Systematic trend is observed for the spectroscopic properties along the isoelectronic sequence under a given plasma strength and also for a given ion under different plasma strengths. The ionization potential for a given ion is found to decrease, and the number of bound excited states has become finite under increased plasma strengths. The spectral line shifts under such plasma environment have been calculated. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Effect of Salts and Sugars on Pressure‐induced Gelatinisation of Wheat, Tapioca, and Potato Starches
Authors: Rumpold Birgit A. , Knorr Dietrich
Published: August 2005

The impact of a variety of chlorides, sodium salts, potassium salts and low‐molecular sugars on pressure‐induced gelatinisation of wheat, tapioca and potato starches has been investigated. Just as thermal gelatinisation, pressure‐induced gelatinisation is influenced by solutes in the starch suspensions. In general the effects of salts and sugars on starch gelatinisation were comparable for thermal and pressure treatments. For example, the gelatinisation pressure was reduced by sugars whereas the degree of gelatinisation was linearly correlated with the number of equatorial hydroxyl groups. The influence of salts on the gelatinisation pressure varied and the extent of effect on the gelatinisation pressure did not only depend on the solute added but also on the type of starch. At high chloride concentrations (> 2 M) the impact of the salts on starch gelatinisation augmentation followed the order Na+<K+<Li+<Ca2+, which corresponds to the order of the lyotropic series. At concentrations above 1 M the effect of potassium salts on starch gelatinisation upon pressurisation also followed the order of the Hofmeister series (Cl−<Br−<I−<SCN−).
Reactive Low Voltage Ion Plating (RLVIP). Prozess‐, Plasma‐ und Schichteigenschaften am Beispiel von Ta2O5/SiO2
Authors: Schlichterle S. , Strauss G. N. , Tafelmeier H. , Huber D. , Pulker H.K.
Published: August 2005

Moderne optische Vielschichtsysteme fordern hohe Schichtstabilität, geringe mechanische Schichtspannungen und kleinste optische Verluste der sich aufbauenden Einzelschichten. Mit dem BAP800 Beschichtungssystem aufgebrachte Vielschichtsysteme genügen höchsten Anforderungen der Präzisionsoptik.

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Vorstellung dieses ausgewählten PVD Beschichtungsprozesses, die Darstellung der Plasmakenndaten und die Präsentation der praktischen Umsetzung von Ta2O5 und SiO2 Schichten in optischen Vielschichtsystemen.

Dafür wurden Ta2O5/SiO2 Wechselschichten in einer BAP800 mittels Reaktiven Niedervolt–Hochstrom‐Ionenplatieren (RLVIP) auf geheizten Kieselglas‐Substraten aufgebracht. Diese Metalloxid‐Schichten wurden auf deren optischen Eigenschaften (Brechungsindex n und optischer Absorption Koeffizient k) und auf deren mechanische Eigenschaften (Dichte ρ und Schichtspannung σ) untersucht. Das Prozess‐Plasma wurde mittels Plasmamonitor, Langmuirsonde und Faraday Cups erfasst. Eine Korrelation der Plasmadaten mit den Schichteigenschaften wird aufgezeigt.
Measurements, modeling and simulations of the UWB propagation channel based on direct‐sequence channel sounding
Authors: Cassioli Dajana , Durantini Annalisa
Published: August 2005

The paper presents the statistical model for the ultra‐wideband (UWB) indoor channel having a bandwidth of 2.4 GHz and a central frequency of 4.78 GHz. The model is based on propagation experiments performed in different rooms on a floor of an office‐laboratory building. Within each room the receiver antenna is automatically moved over a square grid of 25 × 25 locations spaced 2 cm apart. A correlative channel sounding technique is employed; actually the carrier is modulated by a train of short duration (0.4 ns) pulses shaped by a PN‐sequence. After coherently demodulating the detected signals and removing the PN‐sequence modulation, we post‐process the extracted channel impulse responses by best‐fit procedures to set up a statistical tapped delay line model (STDL) of the UWB indoor channel. We characterize the path loss for line‐of‐sight (LOS) and non‐line‐of‐sight (NLOS) conditions by distance‐power laws and the shadowing by lognormal distributions. A clustered structure is observed in the average power‐delay profiles; rays arrive at the receiver in groups, exponentially decaying with different decay constants. The small‐scale effects are modeled by the Gamma distribution since it verifies with a 95%‐confidence interval both the Chi‐Square test and the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test applied to the experimental data. The shape parameters of such Gamma distributions are truncated Gaussian variables spreading in the range from 1 to 3. An implementation of the derived STDL model is finally proposed and a comparison between the simulated and the measured statistics is performed proving the validity of our approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementation aspects of a transmitted‐reference UWB receiver
Authors: Casu Mario R. , Durisi Giuseppe
Published: August 2005

In this paper, we discuss the design issues of an ultra wide band (UWB) receiver targeting a single‐chip CMOS implementation for low data‐rate applications like ad hoc wireless sensor networks. A non‐coherent transmitted‐reference (TR) receiver is chosen because of its small complexity compared to other architectures. After a brief recapitulation of the UWB fundamentals and a short discussion on the major differences between coherent and non‐coherent receivers, we discuss issues, challenges and possible design solutions. Several simulation results obtained by means of a behavioral model are presented, together with an analysis of the trade‐off between performance and complexity in an integrated circuit implementation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U‐MAC: a proactive and adaptive UWB medium access control protocol
Authors: Jurdak Raja , Baldi Pierre , Lopes Cristina Videira
Published: August 2005

Ultra wide band (UWB) technology has received increasing recognition in recent years for its potential applications beyond radar technology to communication networks. UWB is a spread spectrum technology that requires careful coordination among communicating nodes to jointly control link power and transmission rates. Here, we present ultra wide band MAC (U‐MAC), an adaptive medium access control (MAC) protocol for UWB in which nodes periodically declare their current state, so that neighbors can proactively assign power and rate values for new links locally in order to optimize global network performance. Simulations comparing U‐MAC to the reactive approach confirm that U‐MAC lowers link setup latency and control overhead, doubles the throughput and adapts better to high network loads. Simulations also reveal that the basic form of U‐MAC favors nodes that are closer to the receiver. As a result, we also introduce novel mechanisms that control the radius around a receiver within which nodes can have fair access to it. We show through simulations the effect of the mechanisms on the tradeoff between network throughput and fair access. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating Party Policy Positions: Japan in Comparative Context
Authors: LAVER MICHAEL , BENOIT KENNETH
Published: August 2005

This paper first reviews a number of epistemological and methodological issues relating to the estimation of party policy positions, particularly in a comparative context, with special reference to the methodology of ‘expert surveys’. It is argued that expert surveys, as systematic summaries of the views of country specialists, have a particular role in assessing the content validity of other types of estimates of party policy positions. The paper moves on to analyze the positions of Japanese political parties in a comparative context, using results from a new 47-country expert survey. Attention is paid both to the substantive policy content of the left–right dimension in Japan, and to the locations of Japanese parties in policy spaces, relative to the locations of comparable parties in other political systems.
Are defect models consistent with the entropy and specific heat of glass formers?
Authors: Biroli Giulio , Bouchaud Jean-Philippe , Tarjus Gilles
Published: August 2005

We show that pointlike defect model of glasses cannot explain the thermodynamic properties of glass formers, as for example, the excess specific heat close to the glass transition, contrary to the claim of Garrahan and Chandler [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 9710 (2003)]. More general models and approaches in terms of extended defects are also discussed.