bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unclear Retroperitoneal Tumors, an Interdisciplinary Challenge – A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Traub Benno , Haggemüller Benedikt , Baumann Lisa , Lemke Johannes , Henne-Bruns Doris , Wittau Mathias
Published: August 2021

BackgroundUnclear retroperitoneal tumors still impose major challenges for clinicians. Tumors can originate primarily from retroperitoneal tissue or secondarily invade into the retroperitoneal space. While benign lesions also occur, malignant tumors are far more common. Clinical presentation often depends on replacement or invasion of other organs and is therefore highly variable. The heterogeneous tumor composition makes a definitive preoperative diagnosis difficult. Nevertheless, surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment but often proves challenging due to frequent involvement of large retroperitoneal vessels.Case presentationWe present a case report of a 70-year old woman diagnosed with a large, unclear retroperitoneal tumor. Initial clinical symptoms were increasing dyspnea and dysphagia in our clinic. Gastroenterologic and cardiologic workup was unremarkable. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed a large retroperitoneal mass in the right upper abdomen with severe displacement of the inferior vena cava and renal veins. Without signs of irresectability, the patient was scheduled for tumor resection. The procedure was challenging due to the vessel involvement and large blood pressure alterations during tumor mobilization. The post-op pathologic workup then revealed the rare finding of a completely resected paraganglioma. The post-surgical course was uneventful. One year after diagnosis, the patient is relapse-free.CconclusionThis case impressively shows the challenges of retroperitoneal tumors and the importance of interdisciplinary work in these cases.
Material Scarcity and Unethical Economic Behavior: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Elbaek Christian , Mitkidis Panagiotis , Aarøe Lene , Otterbring Tobias
Published: August 2021

Individuals around the globe experience different forms of material resource scarcity in terms of aspects such as hunger, thirst, or financial strains. As experiences of material scarcity have been found to make individuals more risk-taking, impulsive, and focused on regaining resources in the short-term, a growing body of research has investigated how such scarcity affects moral economic behavior. Yet, findings remain mixed and at times contradictory, thus calling for a systematic meta-analytical review on this overarching topic. In this pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis, we evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively how material resource scarcity affects moral economic behavior. We analyze a comprehensive dataset including 44 published and unpublished studies comprising a total of 6,921 respondents across four distinct types of material scarcity: financial scarcity, physiological scarcity, scarcity reminders, and lower social class. Our findings show that acute scarcity significantly increases the propensity to engage in unethical economic behavior (gfinancial = .24, gphysiological = .39, greminders = .32). Importantly, we find no evidence that chronic experiences of scarcity in the form of low social class affect unethical economic behavior (gsocial class = .02). These results appear robust to the influence of publication bias and contextual sensitivity. We discuss how these findings advance our understanding of the psychological and moral consequences of scarcity and elaborate on implications for public policy.
Clinical course and outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pregnancy after diagnosis of distant metastasis
Authors: Yamazaki Haruhiko , Sugino Kiminori , Noh Jaeduk Yoshimura , Katoh Ryohei , Matsuzu Kenichi , Masaki Chie , Akaishi Junko , Hames Kiyomi Yamada , Tomoda Chisato , Suzuki Akifumi , Ohkuwa Keiko , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Rino Yasushi , Ito Koichi
Published: August 2021

Purpose
There is no sufficient data about the clinical course and outcome in thyroid cancer patients who become pregnant after diagnosis of distant metastasis (DM). The current study was conducted to collect information regarding the clinical and reproductive characteristics, and outcomes in thyroid cancer patients who became pregnant after being diagnosed with DM.
Methods
Records of 125 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with age ≤ 45 years at DM diagnosis who had visited Ito Hospital from January 2005 to June 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Among those 125 patients, 28 who became pregnant after DM diagnosis were classified as pregnant group, and the remained 97 patients were classified as comparator group.
Results
In pregnant group, the median age at malignancy diagnosis, DM diagnosis, and first pregnancy after DM diagnosis was 25 years (range, 4–41 years), 27 years (range, 11–41 years), and 32 years (range, 25–45 years), respectively. Fifty-five pregnancies and 40 live births were reported. Three patients had live births by embryo transfer. Other pregnancy outcomes were miscarriage (n = 14) and induced abortion (n = 1). No one died during the follow-up period in this study. The 10-year progression free survival (PFS) rates of pregnant and comparator group were 92.1% and 74.4%, respectively.
Conclusion
DTC patients who became pregnant after DM diagnosis had good survival. Our results add to the information required for counseling thyroid cancer patients who have concerns about their fertility in the future.
Zinc Transporter ZIP12 Maintains Zinc Homeostasis and Protects Spermatogonia From Oxidative Stress During Spermatogenesis
Authors: Zhu Xinye , Yu Chengxuan , Wu Wangshu , Shi Lei , Jiang Chenyi , Wang Li , Ding Zhide , Liu Yue
Published: August 2021

Background: Overwhelming evidences now suggest oxidative stress is a major cause of sperm dysfunction and male infertility. Zinc is an important non-enzyme antioxidant with a wide range of biological functions and plays a significant role in preserving male fertility. Notably, zinc trafficking through the cellular and intracellular membrane is endorsed by precise families of zinc transporters, i.e. SLC39s/ZIPs and SLC30s/ZnTs. However, the expression and function of zinc transporters in the male germ cells were rarely reported. The aim of this study is to determine the crucial zinc transporter responsible for the maintenance of spermatogenesis.Methods: In the present study, we investigated the expression of all fourteen ZIP members in mouse testis and further analyzed the characteristic of ZIP12 expression in testis and spermatozoa by qRT-PCR, immunoblot and immunohistochemistry analyses. To explore the antioxidant role of ZIP12 in spermatogenesis, an obese mouse model fed with high-fat-diet was employed to confirm the correlation between ZIP12 expression level and sperm quality. Furthermore, ZIP12 expression in response to oxidative stress in a spermatogonia cell line, C18-4 cells, was determined and its function involved in regulating cell viability and apoptosis was investigated by RNAi experiment. Results: We initially found that ZIP12 expression in mouse testis was significantly high compared to other members of ZIPs and its mRNA and protein were intensively expressed in testis rather than the other tissues. Importantly, ZIP12 was intensively abundant in spermatogonia and spermatozoa, both in mice and humans. Moreover, ZIP12 expression in testis significantly decreased in obese mice, which associated with reduced sperm zinc content, excessive sperm ROS, poor sperm quality and male subfertility. Similarly, its expression in C18-4 cells significantly declined in response to oxidative stress. Additionally, reduced ZIP12 expression by RNAi associated with a decline in zinc level subsequently caused low cell viability and high cell apoptosis in C18-4 cells. Conclusions: The zinc transporter ZIP12 is intensively expressed in testis, especially in spermatogonia and spermatozoa. ZIP12 may play a key role in maintaining intracellular zinc level in spermatogonia and spermatozoa, by which it resists oxidative stress during spermatogenesis and therefore preserves male fertility.
The Effect of Caregiver Key Opinion Leaders on Increasing Caregiver Demand for Evidence-Based Practices to Treat Youth Anxiety: Protocol for A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Crane Margaret , Atkins Marc S. , Becker Sara J. , Purtle Jonathan , Olino Thomas M. , Kendall Philip C.
Published: August 2021

Background: Research has identified cognitive behavioral therapy with exposures (CBT) as an effective treatment for youth anxiety. However, despite implementation efforts, few anxious youth receive CBT. Direct-to-consumer marketing offers a different approach to address unmet need for effective. Involving a local caregiver key opinion leader to direct-to-consumer initiatives may be an effective strategy to increase caregiver demand for CBT. Research indicates that key opinion leaders improve health promotion campaigns, but key opinion leaders have not been studied in the context of increasing caregiver demand for evidence-based treatments.Method: Project CHAT (Caregivers Hearing about Anxiety Treatments) will test the role of key opinion leader participation in conducting outreach presentations to increase caregiver desire to seek EBPs for their youth’s anxiety. Caregiver attendees (N = 180) will be cluster-randomized by school to receive one of two different approaches for presentations on EBPs for youth anxiety. Both approaches will involve community outreach presentations providing information about (a) youth anxiety, (b) effective treatments for youth anxiety, and (c) seeking CBT for youth anxiety. The researcher-only condition will be co-facilitated by two researchers. In the key opinion leader condition, a caregiver key opinion leader from each local community will be involved in tailoring the content of the presentation to the context of the community, co-facilitating the presentation with a researcher, and endorsing strategies in the presentation that they have found to be helpful. In line with the theory of planned behavior, caregiver attendees will complete measures assessing their knowledge of, attitudes towards, perceived subjective norms about, and intention to seek CBT pre- and post-presentation; they will indicate whether they sought CBT for their youth at a three-month follow-up. Results will be analyzed using a mixed method approach to assess the effectiveness of a key opinion leader to increase caregiver demand for CBT.Discussion: This study will be the first to examine the potential of key opinion leaders to increase caregiver demand for CBT. If proven effective, the use of key opinion leaders could serve as a scalable dissemination strategy to increase the reach of evidence-based treatments. Trial registration: This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04929262) on June 18, 2021. At the time of trial registration, pre/post presentation data had been collected from 17 participants; thus, it was retrospectively registered.
LncRNA LYPLAL1-DT in Type 2 Diabetes With Macrovascular Complication Contributes Protective Effects on Endothelial Cells via Regulating the miR-204-5p/SIRT1 Axis
Authors: Zhu Xiao , Liu Yihan , Cui Jia , Lv Jianyi , Li Changlong , Lu Jing , Huo Xueyun , Dou Jingtao , Chen Zhenwen , Du Xiaoyan
Published: August 2021

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in diabetes related diseases. However, the role of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with macrovascular complication (DMC) has seldomly been recognized. This study aimed to screen lncRNA profiles of leukocytes from DMC patients in order to explore the protective role of lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT in endothelial cells (EC) under high glucose (HG) and inflammatory conditions (IS).Methods: RNA sequencing was performed for critically pair-grouped blood samples of DMC patients and healthy control. Then the differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs from circulating leukocytes were identified. Real-time PCR analyses were used to select the DE-lncRNAs within expanding cohorts. CCK8, transwell, Western blot, dual-luciferase system, and RIP were used to investigate the influence and molecular mechanisms of validated DE-lncRNAs in EC under HG and IS conditions. RNA sequencing was also used to identify DE-lncRNAs in exosomes isolated from the DMC serum and healthy control. Results: A total of 477 DE-lncRNAs were identified between DMC and healthy control. The enrichment and pathway analysis showed that most of them belonged to inflammatory, metabolic, and vascular diseases. A set of 12 of the 16 lncRNAs was validated as significant DE-lncRNAs in expanding cohorts. Furthermore, these DE-lncRNAs were shown to be significantly related to hypoxia, high glucose, and TNF-α stimulus (IS) in EC with an apparent metabolic memory of high glucose, especially novel lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT. LYPLAL1-DT overexpression results in the promotion of proliferation, migration of EC, as well as an elevation of autophagy under HG, and IS conditions. Overexpressed LYPLAL1-DT reduces the adhesion of monocytes to EC, boosts anti-inflammation, and suppresses inflammatory molecules secreted in the medium. Mechanistically, LYPLAL1-DT acts as ceRNA by downregulating miR-204-5p, therefore enhancing SIRT1 and protecting EC autophagy function; thus, alleviating apoptosis. Finally, exosome sequencing revealed LYPLAL1-DT expression was 4 times lower in DMC cells than in healthy samples. Conclusion: We identified 12 DE-lncRNAs related to DMC. Out of the 12 DE-lncRNAs lncRNA LYPLAL1-DT was identified to have protective effects on EC as ceRNA mediated through the miR-204-5p/SIRT1 pathway. Therefore, it inhibits the autophagy of EC as well as modulating systemic inflammation. This approach could be regarded as a new potential therapeutic target in DMC.
High Myosin Binding Protein H Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Glioma Patients
Authors: Yan Yujin , Zhang Jianfei , Guo Qianqiao , Zhang Guoxiang , Cao Xuemei , Li Yong , Guan Minwu , Yu Jianjun , Wang Xindong , Chen Wei
Published: August 2021

Glioma is the most common and fatal primary brain tumor in humans. Myosin binding protein H (MYBPH), which was first identified as an important myofibrillar constituent of vertebrate skeletal and cardiac muscles, reduces cell motility and metastasis. However, its role in gliomas remains unclear. We evaluated the expression of MYBPH in glioma using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (http://gepia.cancer-pku.cn/) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (https://www.cgga.org.cn/). The results showed that MYBPH was highly expressed in glioma tissues. Moreover, MYBPH expression was significantly associated with high tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes in glioma patients. Mechanistically, the results suggested that MYBPH might promote tumor progression by improving tumor invasion and migration. Our results establish MYBPH as an important prognostic biomarker that could be considered a potential epigenetic and immunotherapeutic target for treatment. We showed that MYBPH is a novel biomarker that is variably expressed in glioblastoma (GBM). The association of high MYBPH expression with poor prognosis in newly diagnosed GBM patients and increased expression in recurrent GBM is indicative of its role in tumor aggressiveness.
The Differences in Distant Metastatic Patterns and Their Corresponding Survival Between Thyroid Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Le Minh-Khang , Hassell Lewis , Kondo Tetsuo , Kakudo Kennichi
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Distant metastasis (DM) at presentation is one of the important prognostic factors in thyroid cancers. Dissemination patterns of different thyroid cancer subtypes are still controversial. This study aimed to systematically elucidate the metastatic patterns and their corresponding survival of each thyroid cancer subtype at time of diagnosis. Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010-2018 to search for primary thyroid cancers with DM at presentation (M1). Results: We included 2,787 M1 thyroid cancers for statistical analyses and the incidence of DM at presentation was 2.4%. Lung was the most common metastatic site for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), poorly-differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and oncocytic (Hurthle) cell carcinoma (HCC) whereas bone is the favorable disseminated site of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The risk of liver metastasis was highest in MTC while metastases to the brain were uncommon among thyroid cancer subtypes. Among M1 thyroid cancers, ATC showed the worst outcome while PTC and FTC exhibited a superior survival. Patients with multi-organ metastases had the worst survival whereas bone metastases were associated with a favorable outcome (p < 0.001). We identified significant risk factors associated with multi-organ metastases including non-Caucasian race, large tumor diameter, ATC/FTC/MTC histology, and unifocality. Conclusion: There are significant differences in DM patterns of thyroid cancer subtypes and their corresponding survival. These clinical data could be useful for clinicians to better evaluate risk stratification and predict patient outcomes.
WITHDRAWN: Accuracy of Models Obtained from Digital Impressions Versus Scanning of Conventional Impressions
Authors: Elkersh Noha M. , A.Fahmy Rania , Zayet Mohamed K. , Gaweesh Yousria S.
Published: August 2021

Background
Digital workflow has invaded the different dental specialities. It includes some steps, the first of them is the scan process and dental modelling. Many methods are available for digital model fabrication. Therefore, the aim of this in vivo study to assess and compare the accuracy of 3-dimensional (3D) digital dental models obtained from scanning of conventional impressions versus models from digital impressions.
Materials and Methods
Three-dimensional digital model files were obtained in vivo from three different methods including scanning of impressions by both Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine (Veraview x800, JMorita) and desktop scanner (Smart optics, Vinyl Open Air). The same volunteers have received digital impressions by an intraoral scanner (CS3600). Six linear measurements were measured in each Stereolithography (STL) model and compared with direct calliper measurements. Additionally, STL files from the three systems were paired and superimposed using a best-fit algorithm in a 3D modelling software. Mean deviations between the STL shells were calculated by the software and color maps were obtained for visual analysis. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to determine the intra-examiner reliability. Paired t-test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Post Hoc test (Bonferroni adjusted) were used in the statistical analysis. Significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level.
Results
The linear measurements and 3D deviation analysis revealed significant differences in some measurements but were considered clinically accepted. Digital models obtained from laser scanning of the impressions revealed the least mean differences from the gold standard ranging from (-0.24 to 0.01 mm), while CBCT scanning of the impressions mean differences ranged from (0.16 to -0.04 mm). IOS revealed the highest mean differences ranging from (0.11 to 0.33 mm).
Conclusion
Scanning the impression with a desktop scanner provided the highest accuracy in full arch scans followed by scanning with CBCT but with decreased surface texture of the 3D mesh. While intraoral scanners showed the least accuracy for full arch scans up till now and need further improvement in their technology. All techniques can be applied in clinical practice providing the use of high quality machines.
Host Preference and Seasonal Variation in The Colonization of Tubakia s.l. Associated with Evergreen Oak Species in Eastern Japan
Authors: MATSUMURA EMI , Morinaga Kenta , Fukuda Kenji
Published: August 2021

Foliar fungal endophytes are ubiquitous and hyperdiverse, and tend to be host-specific among dominant forest tree species. The genus Tubakia s.l. comprises foliar pathogens and endophytes that exhibit host preference for Quercus and other Fagaceae species. To clarify interspecific differences in ecological characteristics among Tubakia species, we examined the endophyte communities of seven evergreen Quercus spp. at three sites in eastern Japan during summer and winter. We also compared their spore germination rates at different temperatures. Host tree species was the most significant factor affecting endophyte community composition. The Tubakia species found at the study sites were divided into five specialists and three generalists according to their host ranges. Specialists were dominant on their own host in summer, and their dominance declined in winter. In contrast, generalist Tubakia species 3 became dominant in some tree species in winter. This seasonal variation in Tubakia species dominance was consistent with their cold tolerance, which was evaluated in spore germination tests. This is the first study to report ecological differentiation among endophytic fungal species within a genus.
Variation in Water Supply Leads to Different Responses of Tree Growth to Warming
Authors: Zheng Pengfei , Wang Dandan , Yu Xinxiao , Jia Guodong , Liu Ziqiang , Wang Yusong , Zhang Yonge
Published: August 2021

Background: Global climate change, which includes changes in precipitation, prolonged growing seasons, and drought stress caused by overall climate warming, is putting increased pressure on forest ecosystems globally. Understanding the impact of climate change on drought-prone forests is a key objective in assessing forest responses to climate change.Results: In this study, we assessed tree growth trends and changes in physiological activity under climate change based on patterns in tree rings and stable isotopes. Additionally, structural equation models were used to analyze the climate drivers influencing tree growth, with several key results. (1) The climate in the study area showed a trend of warming and drying, with the growth of tree section areas decreasing first and then increasing, while the water use efficiency showed a steady increase. (2) The effects of climate warming on tree growth in the study area have transitioned from negative to positive. The gradual advance of the growing season and the supply of snowmelt water in the early critical period of the growing season are the key factors underlying the reversal of the sensitivity of trees to climate. (3) Variation in water supply has led to different responses of tree growth to warming, and the growth response of Pinus tabuliformis to temperature rise was closely related to increased water availability.Conclusions: Our study indicates that warming is not the cause of forest decline, and instead, drought caused by warming is the main factor causing this change. If adequate water is available during critical periods of the growing season, boreal forests may be better able to withstand rising temperatures and even exhibit increased growth during periods of rising temperatures, forming stronger carbon sinks. However, in semi-arid regions, where water supply is limited, continued warming could lead to reduced forest growth and even death, which would dramatically reduce carbon sinks in arid ecosystems.
ACDF Using a Zero Profile Cage Plate for The Management Of Degenerative Cervical Disc Disease, Early Experience From A Middle Eastern Tertiary Hospital.
Authors: Ramadan Tamer , Khalifa Ahmed A. , Basiony Morsy , Abdelkarim Mahmoud , Abdellatif Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Background: Management of cervical disc degenerative diseases through anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) using various implants had been reported, a Zero-p device used as a stand-alone cage plate in ACDF was introduced to offer higher safety and efficacy. In the current prospective cohort study, we aimed at reporting our early experience from a Middle Eastern tertiary hospital after using the Zero profile cage plate in the management of degenerative cervical disc diseases through ACDF by reporting the clinical, radiological outcomes as well as the incidence of complications. Methods: Thirty patients (16 male and 14 female) with a mean age of 47.9 ±10.9 underwent ACDF with Zero-p implant, a total of 43 operated levels (one level in 20 patients, double levels in 7, and multi-levels in 3). Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to VAS to measure the neck and radicular arm pain and neck disability index (NDI). Radiographic bony fusion was assessed according to Pitzen criteria, any perioperative complications were reported, and the presence of dysphagia was assessed according to the Bazaz-Yoo dysphagia index. Results: At a mean follow up of 14.4 ± 2.3 months, all patients obtained radiographic bony fusion, all patients had a significant reduction of neck and radicular arm pain with a mean VAS score of 7.33 and 8.70 preoperatively to 1.73 and 0.27 at 12 months follow-up respectively (p<0.0001), and reduction of NDI from 68.87% preoperatively to 8.60% at 12 months follow-up (p<0.0001). None had dysphagia after six months postoperatively; one patient developed back-out of one of the implant screws that was extracted, and otherwise, no other implant-related complications. Conclusion: the Zero-p implant is a valid alternative to anterior cervical plating after ACDF with a very low incidence of chronic dysphagia and implant-related complications.Level of Evidence Ⅳ
Experimental Study of Vibration Signal for a Prognostic System to Prevent Tool Breakage in Micro Gun Drilling
Authors: Hsu Li-Yu , Lu Ming-Chyuan
Published: August 2021

Unexpected drill breakage can be foreseen and prevented. We observed a factory and identified the warning signs of tool breakage for micro gundrills, as well as a laboratory experiment for micro drills. The vibrations of stable drilling and the vibrations that warn of tool breakage were analyzed based on the time and frequency domain features. We developed a prognostic model. We conducted physical drilling experiments on a Swiss turning machine and a laboratory research platform. Stainless steel was drilled with two types of 0.9-mm-diameter tools: 125-mm-long micro gundrills on Swiss turning machine and 25-mm-long micro drills. In both types of testing, two accelerometers were installed on the tool holder to collect two-directional vibration signals; a linear discriminant function processed the Z-axis and Y-axis signals for the telltale warning signs of impending tool breakage, and obtained a 100% classification rate. To confirm the effect of drilling disturbances on the prognostic system, the entries and exits of tools to and from workpieces were studied. The results demonstrate that both types of signal features can be used without causing any misclassification.
SAUNet++: An automatic segmentation model of COVID-19 lesion from CT slices
Authors: XIAO Hanguang , RAN Zhiqiang , MABU Shingo , ZHANG Banglin , ZHANG Bolong , LIU Chang
Published: August 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread worldwide and the healthcare system is in crisis. Accurate, automated and rapid segmentation of COVID-19 lesion in computed tomography (CT) images can help doctors diagnose and provide prognostic information. However, the variety of lesions and small regions of early lesion complicate their segmentation. To solve these problems, we propose a new SAUNet++ model with squeeze excitation residual (SER) module and atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module. The SER module can assign more weights to more important channels and mitigate the problem of gradient disappearance, the ASPP module can obtain context information by atrous convolution using various sampling rates. In addition, the generalized dice loss (GDL) can reduce the correlation between lesion size and dice loss, and is introduced to solve the problem of small regions segmentation. We collected multinational CT scan data from China, Italy and Russia and conducted extensive experiments. In the experiments, SAUNet++ and GDL were compared to advanced segmentation models and popular loss functions, respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that our methods can effectively improve the accuracy of COVID-19 lesion segmentation on the dice similarity coefficient (our: 87.38% VS U-Net++: 86.08%), sensitivity (our: 93.28% VS U-Net++: 89.85%) and hausdorff distance (our: 19.99mm VS U-Net++: 27.69mm), respectively.
Forecast of the medical evacuation in patients with the cardiovascular dysfunction. A retrospective study
Authors: Minin А. S. , Shen Natalia P. , Tretyakov D. S. , Panov I. D.
Published: August 2021

Introduction. The prognosis for the patients with the cardiovascular dysfunction and the use vasopressors or cardiotonics is always doubtful. Frequently patientʼs unstability and usage of vasoactive drugs increases the risks of incidents and are contraindication for medical evacuation. The results of published studies indicate that the use of these drugs when transporting patients is accompanied by certain risks, and methods for their prediction are not well described.
Objectives. Determine prognostic factors and evaluate the results of medical evacuation in patients requiring vasopressor and cardiotonic support.
Materials and methods. The retrospective study included 1210 patients from the database of the Tyumenʼs resuscitative-consultative center and the prospective study included 41 patients who were delivered to the Tyumen level III hospitals in 2019. Patients were distributed into 2 groups — survivors and deceased after evacuation.
Results. Our study showed the importance of the integral estimation of severity of patients subjected to medical evacuation and the high predictive value of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) scale and Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) at the stages of evacuation. In the next day after delivery, the Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scale demonstrated high prediction accuracy. Despite the risks associated with the development of undesirable situations during transportation (their frequency according to our data was 12.2 %), the evacuation of patients with cardiovascular dysfunction increases the chance of an favorable outcome 2.8 time.
Conclusions. Despite the presence of vascular dysfunction, the evacuation of patients in need of vasopressor and cardiotonic support is a life-saving measure that increases the chances of patients for a favorable outcome by 2.82 times.
Airway management in hospital. Methodological recommendations of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists” (third edition)
Authors: Andreenko Alexander A. , Bratishchev I. V. , Gavrilov S. V. , Zaitsev A. Yu. , Pikovsky V. Yu. , Stadler V. V. , Stamov V. I.
Published: August 2021

The review presents the guidelines of the Federation of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators, revised in 2021. The recommendations are based on a review of publications and current international guidelines of the Society for Difficult Airways (2018, 2020), the American Society of Anesthesiologists (2013, draft-version 2022), the European Society anesthesiologists (2018). The guidelines provide up-to-date definitions of various “difficult airway” situations; modern data on the use of ultrasound technologies in assessing the upper airways and predicting the risk of aspiration based on preoperative ultrasound scanning of the stomach; current evidence on the effectiveness of modern devices for ventilation and tracheal intubation. Algorithms of actions in various situations with anticipated and unanticipated “difficult airways” in patients with different risks of aspiration are proposed. An algorithm for preparing, predicting possible complications and performing tracheal extubation is also proposed. The recommendations presented in the review are aimed at achieving the goal — increasing patient safety during situations of “difficult airways” through the use of the safest and most effective approaches and methods, as well as reducing the risk of complications associated with these situations (death, severe neurological damage, traumatic injuries of the upper airways and trachea, etc.).
Decline in net primary productivity caused by severe droughts: evidence from the Pearl River basin in China
Authors: Zhou Yuliang , Zhou Ping
Published: August 2021

Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought events and their impacts on terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) is crucial for drought mitigation and environmental protection. This study, by taking the Pearl River basin as the case region, investigated drought duration, severity, intensity, affected area, and centroids during 1960–2015 based on the Standardized Evapotranspiration Deficit Index and three-dimensional clustering algorithm and then revealed how these drought characteristics have affected NPP. Results showed that there were altogether 32 severe drought events lasting at least 3 months in the basin, with half lasting longer than 6 months. The total NPP loss significantly correlated with drought severity and intensity. Most drought events caused a reduction in NPP across more than half of the drought-affected area; specifically, the February–December drought in 2011 has cut NPP by 31.85 Tg C, accounting for 11.7% of the regional annual mean NPP, while the September 2009–September 2010 drought caused a decrease of 20.26 Tg C in NPP. Our research improves the insight into the relationship between NPP and drought, which helps decision-makers manage droughts and provides guidance for drought-related studies across other regions.
When usage matters: time-of-use analysis of Cape Town's Day Zero drought response
Authors: Booysen M. J. , Ripunda C.
Published: August 2021

Poor resource management and infrastructure limitations make the effects of drought worse for cities in developing countries. One way to alleviate the impact without large investments is targeted demand management. This has worked well in studies that focused on some of the recent droughts, including Cape Town's ‘Day Zero’ drought of 2016–2018. Many studies have measured demand response to a drought at a coarse time resolution, but few have measured it at an hourly resolution or compared weekday with weekend use. In this study we evaluated households' hourly time-of-use behaviour in response to the Cape Town drought at two prominent inflection points identified by previous studies: the announcement of the Critical Water Shortages Disaster Plan in October 2017 and the introduction of Level 6B restrictions in February 2018. The first major reduction was caused by residents reducing their usage by about a third in the early morning and evening hours on weekdays, and the second, even larger, reduction was achieved in the mid-morning hours on weekdays when home owners were not at home but ensured that domestic workers used water sparingly.
Mineralization of sulfonamides from wastewater using ozone-based systems
Authors: Ho T. H. , Wu C. H. , Han T. Y. , Syu W. J.
Published: August 2021

Ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/persulfate (PS) and UV/ozone/PS systems were used to mineralize sulfonamides. Sulfadiazine (SDZ), sulfamerazine (SMR) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) were the target compounds. The novel contribution of this study is its determination of the effects of PS addition, sulfonamide structure, pH and salinity on sulfonamide mineralization in ozone-based systems. The mineralization rate of sulfonamides satisfied pseudo-first-order kinetics. The SMZ mineralization rate constant in ozone, UV/ozone, ozone/PS and UV/ozone/PS systems at pH 5 were 0.0058; 0.0101; 0.0069 and 0.0802 min−1, respectively, and those at pH 7 were 0.0075; 0.0116; 0.0083 and 0.0873 min−1, respectively. The increase in the number of methyl substituents in the heterocyclic group of SMZ and the corresponding increase in the steric hindrance of radical addition, reduced mineralization rates below those of SMR and SDZ. The addition of PS promoted sulfonamide mineralization in the ozone-based systems; conversely, salinity inhibited sulfonamide mineralization.
Tıp Ve Sağlık Konulu Resimli İlk Matbu Kitaplar Ve Resimlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Özdemir Fatma
Published: August 2021

Matbaa, azınlıklar tarafından 15. yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı topraklarında kullanılmaya başlansa da ilk Türk matbaasının Osmanlı Devletinde açılması 18. yüzyılın başlarında gerçekleşmiştir. Osmanlı toplumunda o döneme kadar yazma kitaplar özenle hazırlanmış ve birçok kesim tarafından büyük ilgi görmüştür. Matbaanın kullanılması ile birlikte yazma kitaptan baskı kitaba geçiş süreci, üzerinde durulması gereken bir husustur. Resmi olarak 1727 yılında açılan bu matbaanın ilk kitabı 1729 tarihinde baskıdan çıkmış ve yayın hayatına girmiştir. Yaklaşık olarak 1850 tarihine gelindiğinde artık hem matbaaların sayısında hem de baskı kitapların sayısında önemli bir artış olduğu görülür. İlk matbu kitabın basılmasından 1850’ye kadar geçen sürede basılmış olan kitapların incelenmesi bu geçiş sürecinin anlaşılabilmesinde yol gösterici olacaktır.
Tıp ve sağlık konusu zaruri olarak insanların çok eski tarihlerden beri ilgilendiği bir alan olmuştur. Bu konularla ilgili matbaadan önce kitaplar hazırlandığı gibi matbaadan sonra da eserler hazırlanmıştır. Kimi zaman eğitim kurumlarında öğrencilere okutulmak üzere kimi zamanda bu alana ilgi duyanların faydalanması için matbaada kitaplar basılmıştır. Bu yayınların bir kısmı resimsiz olarak bir kısmı ise resimlerle beraber hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda resimli olarak basılan tıp ve sağlık konulu ilk matbu kitaplar ele alınacaktır. Bu bağlamda yapılan araştırmalar sonucu resimli üç matbu esere ulaşılmıştır. Bu üç eserden biri anatomi üzerinedir ve bu doğrultuda eserde insan bedeni üzerine çok sayıda resim bulunmaktadır. Diğer iki eserden biri kaplıcalar hakkında bir diğeri de frengi hastalığı üzerine yazılmıştır. Bu çalışmada söz konusu eserlerin yazarı, konusu, yazıldığı tarih, sayfa sayısı, basıldığı matbaa ve resimleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Ayrıca eserlerde yer alan resimler baskı tekniği açısından, hazırlayanlar bakımından ve canlı figürü kullanımı yönünden incelenmiştir.
La Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1884) y el uso político de su historia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Tapia-Figueroa Claudio Andrés
Published: August 2021

Transcurridos más de ciento cuarenta años de la Guerra del Pacífico, que enfrentó a Bolivia y Perú contra Chile, aún es posible encontrar en los países vencidos un discurso que apela al sentir nacional y a la reivindicación ante las consecuencias desfavorables de la confrontación, surgido en arengas cada cierto tiempo, e impulsado por intereses políticos y electorales. Este artículo analiza las causas de estos singulares vestigios, pese a tratarse de un conflicto decimonónico convencional como varios otros. Para ello estudia sus causas territoriales y económicas, su desarrollo, sus consecuencias y el origen del discurso sobre la guerra injusta en los países vencidos. Se concluye que esto se debe al uso político de la historia, que implica una visión anacrónica e intentos de reescribir la historia.
Reporte de caso de postcirugía de ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Gualotuña Clara , Ramos Thelvia I.
Published: August 2021

El ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es la lesión de la rodilla con mayor prevalencia en los atletas. Los avances en la técnica quirúrgica y la fijación de injertos han permitido a los pacientes participar en una rehabilitación funcional postoperatoria temprana. Este tratamiento está dirigido a lograr un mayor rango de movimiento, progresando hacia la movilización, fortalecimiento y control neuromuscular propioceptivo de la articulación. Existen varios protocolos de rehabilitación con variaciones en ejercicios específicos, progresión a través de fases y componentes claves que permiten la recuperación funcional. El objetivo final de la fisioterapia es devolver al paciente al nivel de rendimiento anterior a la lesión, incluidos el movimiento y la fuerza, sin dañar ni alargar el injerto. Presentamos el reporte de un caso con una lesión de LCA compleja, que recupero la funcionalidad de la articulación por aplicación de plan de tratamiento fisioterapéutico de forma inmediata a su intervención quirúrgica.
Defining Digital Public Health and the Role of Digitization, Digitalization, and Digital Transformation: Scoping Review
Authors: Iyamu Ihoghosa , Xu Alice X T , Gómez-Ramírez Oralia , Ablona Aidan , Chang Hsiu-Ju , Mckee Geoff , Gilbert Mark
Published: August 2021

Background

The recent proliferation and application of digital technologies in public health has spurred interest in digital public health. However, as yet, there appears to be a lack of conceptual clarity and consensus on its definition.

Objective

In this scoping review, we seek to assess formal and informal definitions of digital public health in the literature and to understand how these definitions have been conceptualized in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation.

Methods

We conducted a scoping literature search in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and 14 government and intergovernmental agency websites encompassing 6 geographic regions. Among a total of 409 full articles identified, we reviewed 11 publications that either formally defined digital public health or informally described the integration of digital technologies into public health in relation to digitization, digitalization, and digital transformation, and we conducted a thematic analysis of the identified definitions.

Results

Two explicit definitions of digital public health were identified, each with divergent meanings. The first definition suggested digital public health was a reimagination of public health using new ways of working, blending established public health wisdom with new digital concepts and tools. The second definition highlighted digital public health as an asset to achieve existing public health goals. In relation to public health, digitization was used to refer to the technical process of converting analog records to digital data, digitalization referred to the integration of digital technologies into public health operations, and digital transformation was used to describe a cultural shift that pervasively integrates digital technologies and reorganizes services on the basis of the health needs of the public.

Conclusions

The definition of digital public health remains contested in the literature. Public health researchers and practitioners need to clarify these conceptual definitions to harness opportunities to integrate digital technologies into public health in a way that maximizes their potential to improve public health outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/preprints.27686
Smartphone-Based Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Prediction for Eyelid Measurements: Algorithm Development and Observational Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Hung-Chang , Tzeng Shin-Shi , Hsiao Yen-Chang , Chen Ruei-Feng , Hung Erh-Chien , Lee Oscar K
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1), margin reflex distance 2 (MRD2), and levator muscle function (LF) are crucial metrics for ptosis evaluation and management. However, manual measurements of MRD1, MRD2, and LF are time-consuming, subjective, and prone to human error. Smartphone-based artificial intelligence (AI) image processing is a potential solution to overcome these limitations.

OBJECTIVE

We propose the first smartphone-based AI-assisted image processing algorithm for MRD1, MRD2, and LF measurements.

METHODS

This observational study included 822 eyes of 411 volunteers aged over 18 years from August 1, 2020, to April 30, 2021. Six orbital photographs (bilateral primary gaze, up-gaze, and down-gaze) were taken using a smartphone (iPhone 11 Pro Max). The gold-standard measurements and normalized eye photographs were obtained from these orbital photographs and compiled using AI-assisted software to create MRD1, MRD2, and LF models.

RESULTS

The Pearson correlation coefficients between the gold-standard measurements and the predicted values obtained with the MRD1 and MRD2 models were excellent (r=0.91 and 0.88, respectively) and that obtained with the LF model was good (r=0.73). The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated excellent agreement between the gold-standard measurements and the values predicted by the MRD1 and MRD2 models (0.90 and 0.84, respectively), and substantial agreement with the LF model (0.69). The mean absolute errors were 0.35 mm, 0.37 mm, and 1.06 mm for the MRD1, MRD2, and LF models, respectively. The 95% limits of agreement were –0.94 to 0.94 mm for the MRD1 model, –0.92 to 1.03 mm for the MRD2 model, and –0.63 to 2.53 mm for the LF model.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed the first smartphone-based AI-assisted image processing algorithm for eyelid measurements. MRD1, MRD2, and LF measures can be taken in a quick, objective, and convenient manner. Furthermore, by using a smartphone, the examiner can check these measurements anywhere and at any time, which facilitates data collection.
CNN based Leaf Disease Identification and Remedy Recommendation System
Authors: Suresh Mr. Yeresime
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In this present era, agriculture has become simply a means to feed ever growing population. It is very important where in more than 70% population depends on agriculture in India. The plant diseases effect the humans directly or indirectly by health and also economically. To detect these plant diseases we need an automatic way without much of human intervention. We attempt to analyse the disease using image processing and automate the detection by implementing machine learning methodology. Traditional methods were used to detect the diseases which lead to the use of large amount of pesticides harming the fertile soil and also the nature. A solution to this is to use current methodologies like Image Processing and Machine Learning that helps the farmers to detect the diseases faster and increase the crop yield. Keywords: Plant Disease, Remedy, Image Processing
Behaviour of Multi-storeyed Steel Building with Steel Plate Shear Wall
Authors: Phuke R. M.
Published: August 2021

The present study describes the analysis and design of high-rise steel building frame with and without Steel plate shear wall (SPSW). Further it is compared with moment resisting steel framed building and X-Braced steel framed building. For present work Response Spectrum Analysis is carried out for steel moment resisting frame building having G+19 storey situated in zone III. Modeling is done by using strip modeling. The analysis of steel plate shear wall and the building are carried out using software SAP2000 V15. The main parameter considered in this project is to compare the seismic performance of buildings i.e. lateral deflection. The models are analyzed by Response Spectrum analysis as per IS 1893:2002 and design has been carried out by using IS 800-2007.
Electro-Pneumatic Disposable Plate Making Machine
Authors: R Vasanth
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Disposal plates which have got one of huge demand and market available in different sizes, shapes, pattern, raw materials etc. has gained popularity in recent decades due to its ecofriendly, biodegradable, recyclable nature and available in quality and quantities. Many machines have evolved in recent years with their importance and demand with difference in cost due to its performances. Many industries can afford this machines and gain efficient profit which cannot be in the case of small wagers or daily wagers wanting to start the small businesses cannot afford high end machines which is of high cost and if the lost cost machines are purchased then quality is low and time consumption will be high hence cannot make efficient profit out of work, hence the machine with high quality , electro-pneumatic actuated and affordable at low cost can make them a efficient profit is what our project is all about manufacturing a high quality, electro-pneumatic operated and of low cost availability is main agenda of our project. Keywords: Disposal plates, electro-pneumatic, affordable, quality, quantities, low cost.