bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of fungicide selection and application timing on take‐all root rot management under field and greenhouse conditions
Authors: Stephens Cameron M. , Gannon Travis W. , Cubeta Marc A. , Kerns James P.
Published: November 2023

Take‐all root rot (TARR) is a detrimental disease of ultradwarf bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon × Cynodon transvaalensis; UDB) putting greens frequently diagnosed where warm‐season grasses are grown. Since this disease is largely aggregated and variable under field conditions, field research is difficult and often yields inconsistent results. Multiple pathogens have only recently been associated with this disease, so practical management solutions such as fungicide efficacy and fungicide application timing have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine the influence of fungicide selection and fungicide application timing on take‐all root rot management under field and greenhouse conditions. In general, fungicides from the quinone outside inhibitor and/or demethylation inhibitor chemical classes provided the greatest reduction in take‐all root rot severity. Fungicide applications that were made when soil temperatures were between 77–86°F provided the greatest disease suppression. The in vivo greenhouse method developed in this research proved to be an efficient and consistent method to evaluate management practices such as fungicide efficacy on take‐all root rot. This research improves our understanding of fungicide efficacy and fungicide application timing for take‐all root rot management on ultradwarf bermudagrass.
Synergistic topological and supramolecular control of Diels‐Alder reactivity based on a tunable self‐complexing host‐guest molecular switch
Authors: Ribeiro Cédric , Cariello Michele , Malfait Aurélie , Bria Marc , Fournier David , Lyskawa Joël , Le Fer Gaëlle , Potier Jonathan , Hoogenboom Richard , Cooke Graeme , Woisel Patrice
Published: November 2023

Compartmentalization and binding‐triggered conformational change regulate many metabolic processes in living matter. Here, we have synergistically combined these two biorelevant processes to tune the Diels‐Alder (DA) reactivity of a synthetic self‐complexing host‐guest molecular switch CBPQT4+‐Fu, consisting of an electron‐rich furan unit covalently attached to the electron‐deficient cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene) tetrachloride (CBPQT4+, 4Cl−) host. This design allows CBPQT4+‐Fu to efficiently compartmentalize the furan ring inside its host cavity in water, thereby protecting it from the DA reaction with maleimide. Remarkably, the self‐complexed CBPQT4+‐Fu can undergo a conformational change through intramolecular decomplexation upon the addition of a stronger binding molecular naphthalene derivative as a competitive guest, triggering the DA reaction upon addition of a chemical regulator. Remarkably, connecting the guest to a thermoresponsive lower critical solution temperature (LCST) copolymer regulator controls the DA reaction on command upon heating and cooling the reaction media beyond and below the cloud point temperature of the copolymer, representing a rare example of decreased reactivity upon increasing temperature. Altogether, this work opens up new avenues towards combined topological and supramolecular control over reactivity in synthetic constructs, enabling control over reactivity through molecular regulators or even mild temperature variations.
Implementation of the irregular pulse density modulation‐controlled wireless power transfer system for constant current and constant voltage output
Authors: Unal Kenan , Bal Gungor , Oncu Selim
Published: November 2023

In this paper, irregular 32 pulse density modulation (PDM)‐controlled wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed for constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs. The proposed WPT system has a load independent ZPA frequency characteristic with CC and CV outputs. Thus, soft switching conditions are achieved for both CC and CV outputs. An experimental prototype was prepared to validate the effectiveness of the proposed irregular 32 PDM‐controlled WPT system. WPT coil design parameters are presented and analyzed with lateral and rotational misalignment conditions in ANSYS. The experiments were determined as 3 A for CC output and 200 V for CV output. The maximum efficiency of the proposed system is measured (95.34%) at aligned coils with 100 mm air gap. In addition, the efficiency results are presented and evaluated by performing experimental studies under both lateral and rotational misalignment conditions.
Two‐port dielectric resonator antenna loaded with meta‐surface for improving isolation and circular polarization generator
Authors: Gupta Vivek Kumar , Alam Monauwer , Yadav Abhimanyu , Sharma Anand
Published: November 2023

In this communication, a dielectric resonator based dual‐port radiator is designed. Loading of meta‐surface over the dual‐port antenna creates two important features that make it unique to the proposed design: (i) conversion of the linear polarized plane waves into circularly polarized plane wave (ii) improve the isolation between the antenna port by more than 30 dB. Experimental measurement confirms that proposed design is working in the frequency range 5.14–5.55 GHz, and a 3‐dB axial ratio is produced from 5.36 to 5.45 GHz. Stable radiation pattern and good value of diversity performance are also achieved in the proposed radiator. All of these characteristics make the developed radiator appropriate for WLAN (5.4 GHz) applications.
Application of micro capillary blood sampling in an anti‐doping setting
Authors: Lewis Laura , Goodrum Jenna , Cai Calvin , Muir Tessa , Boutard Kristin , Capdevielle Thomas , Longo Stefano , Fedoruk Matthew , Miller Geoff
Published: November 2023

Blood collection is an important facet of anti‐doping testing, forming the basis of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Traditional blood collection via venipuncture can be uncomfortable for athletes, especially those who are tested frequently or close to competition. Athletes may also have negative perceptions of venipuncture due to past experiences or the risks of adverse health events such as bruising, hematomas, syncope, and general discomfort that has the potential to affect performance. Advances in capillary whole blood collection technology now affords the ability to collect micro‐volumetric capillary whole blood from the upper arm (or other suitable vascular location such as the abdomen) that is “needle‐free” and virtually painless using devices such as the Tasso+. The present study extends previous work, by collecting microliter capillary whole blood samples via the Tasso+ EDTA device in an official anti‐doping setting prior to competition, as well as requiring temperature‐monitored cold chain shipping by air to the laboratory before analysis. Fifty‐eight matched capillary and venous blood samples were collected under official doping control conditions by certified Doping Control Officers. No impact of sample shipment by air under cool conditions was observed on sample integrity. Provided that no visible clots were identified prior to analysis, capillary and venous blood samples showed excellent laboratory agreement for all CBC parameters, with the exception of platelets. Micro capillary blood collection provides a valid alternative to venous blood collection for ABP purposes, with the advantage of providing a more athlete‐friendly experience, particularly close to competition.
An enhanced label‐free proteomics approach for deep‐diving into equine plasma proteome, including the discovery of protein biomarkers for strenuous exercise
Authors: Cheung Hiu Wing , Wong Kin‐Sing , To Ning Sum , Wan Terence S. M. , Ho Emmie N. M.
Published: November 2023

Plasma proteins have been a valuable source of biomarkers for clinical uses and for monitoring of the illicit use of prohibited substances or practices in equine sports. We have previously reported the first use of label‐free proteomics in profiling equine plasma proteome. This study aimed to refine the method by systematically evaluating various plasma fractionation methods and the use of narrower precursor mass ranges in data‐independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry (MS). Tandem fractionations of equine plasma with octanoic acid precipitation followed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) with C4 cartridges provided the largest increase in the number of new proteins identified. The use of two narrow precursor mass ranges of m/z 400–600 and 600–800 in DIA not only identified most proteins detectable by using a single mass range of m/z 350–1500 but also identified ~27% more proteins. The improved method was applied to analyse the plasma proteome of ‘postrace’ samples which, unlike other samples, had been collected from racehorses soon after racing. Multivariate data analysis has identified upregulation of 14 proteins and downregulation of six proteins in postrace plasma compared with the non‐postrace plasma samples. Literature review of these proteins has provided evidence of exercise‐induced haemolysis and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities, kinin system, insulin signalling and energy metabolism after strenuous exercise. The improved method has enabled a deeper profiling of the equine plasma proteome and identified the proteins associated with normal physiological changes after racing which are potential confounding factors in the development of a biomarker approach for doping control.
Navigating Informed Consent Requirements and Expectations in Cluster Randomized Trials: Research Ethics Board Members’ and Researchers’ Views
Authors: Ho Anita , Joolaee Soodabeh , McDonald Michael , Grant Don , White Michel M. , Longstaff Holly , Palsson Eirikur
Published: November 2023

Informed consent is a cornerstone of ethical human research. However, as cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are increasingly popular to evaluate health service interventions, especially as health systems aspire toward the learning health system, questions abound how research teams and research ethics boards (REBs) should navigate intertwining consent and data‐use considerations. Methodological and ethical questions include who constitute the participants, whose and what types of consent are necessary, and how data from people who have not consented to participation should be managed to optimize the balance of trust in the research enterprise, respect for persons, the promotion of data integrity, and the pursuit of the public good in the research arena. In this paper, we report the findings and lessons learned from a qualitative study examining how researchers and REB members consider the ethical dimensions of when data can be collected and used in CRTs in the evolving research landscape.
Should Chatbots Be Used to Obtain Informed Consent for Research?
Authors: Rothstein Mark A.
Published: November 2023

Chatbots have become increasingly common in diverse settings as a substitute for human conversation. They are being developed and tested for obtaining informed consent for research. An initial study indicated that chatbots saved time and were successful in knowledge transfer, but the informed consent process serves other purposes, such as building trust and respecting the autonomy and dignity of potential research participants. Additional research and possible regulation are necessary before chatbots should be routinely used in health research.
Partitioning variance in reproductive success, within years and across lifetimes
Authors: Waples Robin S.
Published: November 2023

Variance in reproductive success (, with k = number of offspring) plays a large role in determining the rate of genetic drift and the scope within which selection acts. Various frameworks have been proposed to parse factors that contribute to , but none has focused on age‐specific values of , which indicate the degree to which reproductive skew is overdispersed (compared to the random Poisson expectation) among individuals of the same age and sex. Instead, within‐age effects are generally lumped with residual variance and treated as “noise.” Here, an ANOVA sums‐of‐squares framework is used to partition variance in annual and lifetime reproductive success into between‐group and within‐group components. For annual reproduction, the between‐age effect depends on age‐specific fecundity (bx), but relatively few empirical data are available on the within‐age effect, which depends on ϕx. By defining groups by age‐at‐death rather than age, the same ANOVA framework can be used to partition variance in lifetime reproductive success (LRS) into between‐group and within‐group components. Analytical methods are used to develop null‐model expectations for random contributions to within‐group and between‐group components. For analysis of LRS, random variation in longevity appears as part of the between‐group variance, and effects (if any) of skip breeding and persistent individual differences contribute to the within‐group variance. Simulations are used to show that the methods for variance partitioning are asymptotically unbiased. Practical application is illustrated with empirical data for annual reproduction in American black bears and lifetime reproduction in Dutch great tits. Results show that overdispersed within‐age variance (1) dominates annual in both male and female black bears, (2) is the primary factor that reduces annual effective size to a fraction of the number of adults, and (3) represents most of the opportunity for selection. In contrast, about a quarter of the variance in LRS in great tits can be attributed to random variation in longevity, and most of the rest is due to modest differences in fecundity with age estimated for a single cohort of females. R code is provided that reads generic input files for annual and lifetime reproductive success and allows users to conduct variance partitioning with their own data.
How do we explain painful non‐traumatic knee conditions to adolescents? A multiple‐method study to develop credible explanations
Authors: Djurtoft C. , Bruun M. K. , Riel H. , Hoegh M. S. , Darlow B. , Rathleff M. S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Perceived diagnostic uncertainty can leave adolescents confused about their condition and impede their ability to understand “what's wrong with me”. Our aim is to develop credible explanations about the condition for adolescents suffering from non‐traumatic knee pain.

Methods

This multiple‐method study integrated findings from two systematic literature searches of qualitative and quantitative studies, an Argumentative Delphi with international experts (n = 16) and think‐aloud interviews with adolescents (n = 16). Experts provided feedback with arguments on how to communicate credible explanations to meet adolescents' needs; we analysed feedback using thematic analysis. The explanations were tailored based on the adolescent end‐users' input.

Results

We screened 3239 titles/abstracts and included 16 papers exploring diagnostic uncertainty from adolescents' and parents' perspectives. Five themes were generated: (1) understanding causes and contributors to the pain experience, (2) feeling stigmatized for having an invisible condition, (3) having a name for pain, (4) controllability of pain, and (5) worried about something being missed. The Argumentative Delphi identified the following themes: (1) multidimensional perspective, (2) tailored to adolescents, (3) validation and reassurance, and (4) careful wording. Merging findings from the systematic search and the Delphi developed three essential domains to address in credible explanations: “What is non‐traumatic knee pain and what does it mean?”, “What is causing my knee pain?” and “How do I manage my knee pain?”

Conclusions

Six credible explanations for the six most common diagnoses of non‐traumatic knee pain were developed. We identified three domains to consider when tailoring credible explanations to adolescents experiencing non‐traumatic knee pain.

Significance

This study provides credible explanations for the six most common diagnoses of non‐traumatic knee pain. Additionally, we identified three key domains that may need to be addressed to reduce diagnostic uncertainty in adolescents suffering from pain complaints. Based on our findings, we believe that clinicians will benefit from exploring adolescents' own perceptions of why they experience pain and perceived management strategies, as this information might capture important clinical information when managing these young individuals.
HFIP Mediated Synthesis of C4‐Aryl‐2‐quinolones through Serial Oxidation
Authors: Hoon Lee Seung , Kang Minseok , Min Chi Hyung
Published: November 2023

A practical, efficient approach for the synthesis of C4‐arylated 2‐quinolones from propargylic chlorides and anilines has been developed. The synthesis process involves subsequent oxidations of the initial products, tetrahydroquinolines and quinolinium ions, eventually leading to desired quinolones. A mechanism for the transformation is proposed based on a meticulous examination of intermediates and comprehensive control experiments. With a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanism, the applicability of the reaction scope is expanded.
The heat is on: Predicting urban stream temperature responses to summer storms
Authors: Knapp Julia L. A. , Kelleher Christa
Published: November 2023

Short‐term increases in stream temperature in response to storm events have frequently been observed in urban areas, highlighting the need for improved understanding of the factors influencing urban stream temperature. Urban land cover complexity and infrastructure designed for rapid water routing to the sewer system create a direct link between storm events and water release processes, influencing urban stream temperature responses. This study aims to identify predictors of diverse stream temperature response patterns to summer storms. We analysed 403 storm events from six urban and semi‐urban catchments along the US East Coast using dynamic time warping to identify archetype patterns of stream temperature responses. We further disentangled observed stream temperature increase patterns to reveal the drivers associated with ‘heat pulses’, which are characterized by a rapid but high‐magnitude temperature increase followed by a sharp temperature drop at the start of the hydrograph increase. Our results show that stream temperature patterns were event‐specific and linked to pre‐event conditions and rainfall–runoff characteristics, with the shape of the hydrograph and rainfall–runoff response identified as the most important determinators of the observed temperature response patterns. Ponded surface waters and storm drains, as well as cooler water from the shallow subsurface, were identified as potential sources contributing to temperature patterns. These findings have important implications for understanding urban hydrology and the contributions of different source zones in urban catchments. Specifically, our results suggest that stream temperature may serve as a cost‐effective tracer providing information about urban water sources and pathways, thus aiding in the understanding of complex urban hydrology.
Selective pyrophosphate detection via metal complexes
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Sun Wenwen , Wang Le , Xie Zeping , Liu Mengxia , Wang Junfeng
Published: November 2023

Pyrophosphate (PPi) anions are crucial in numerous biological and ecological processes involved in energy conversion, enzymatic reactions, and metabolic regulation along with adenosine. They are also significant biological markers for various processes related to diseases. Fluorescent PPi sensors would enable visual and/or biological detection in convenient settings. However, the current availability of commercial sensors has been limited to costly enzymes that are not compatible for imaging. Sensor development has also encountered challenges such as poor selectivity and stability and limited practical applications. In this review, we analyze the situation of PPi sensing via commercial kits and focus on sensors that use metal complexes. We address their designs, sensing mechanisms, selectivities, and detection limits. Finally, we discuss limitations and perspectives for PPi detection and imaging.
MRI Quantification of Left Atrial Circumferential Strain in Mitral Regurgitation: A Feasibility and Reproducibility Study
Authors: Sreedhar Siva P. , Gupta Aakash , Chitiboi Teodora , Pradella Maurice , Elbaz Mohammed S.M.
Published: November 2023

Background

MRI‐derived left atrial (LA) longitudinal strain has been shown to be a marker for mitral regurgitation, but the utility of LA circumferential strain remains unclear.

Purpose

To assess feasibility and reproducibility of LA circumferential strain, identify changes in mitral regurgitation patients compared to healthy volunteers, and determine strain's association with mitral regurgitation severity and cardiac function.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

52 mitral regurgitation patients, 12 healthy volunteers.

Field Strength/Sequence

Steady‐state free precession cine and 2D phase contrast sequences at 1.5T.

Assessment

Peak LA circumferential strain was computed in each of three short‐axis slices (superior, mid, and inferior) and longitudinal strain computed from long‐axis slices using MRI feature‐tracking software. Strain test–retest reproducibility was determined from two repeat studies in healthy volunteers.

Statistical Tests

LA circumferential strain test–retest reproducibility was assessed by intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC). Strain was compared between cohorts using Student's t‐test or Mann–Whitney U. Mitral regurgitation severity association with strain and LV function was assessed using Spearman correlation and multivariable regression. Significance was defined as P < 0.05.

Results

LA circumferential strain assessment was feasible in all subjects with moderate reproducibility in the superior (ICC = 0.74), mid LA (ICC = 0.71), and inferior LA (ICC = 0.63). In mitral regurgitation patients, LA circumferential strain was significantly lower in the superior (11.86% [6.5%,19.2%] vs. 18.73% ± 6.7%) and mid LA slices (18.41% ± 9.5% vs. 28.7% ± 10.4%) compared to healthy volunteers. Mitral regurgitation severity significantly associated with mid LA circumferential strain (β = −0.03) and LAV significantly associated with superior LA circumferential strain (β = −2.09), both independent of LA longitudinal strain and CO.

Data Conclusion

LA circumferential strain assessment is feasible with moderate reproducibility. Compared to healthy volunteers, patients had significantly lower LA circumferential strain. Mitral regurgitation severity and LAV were significantly associated with LA circumferential strain independent of LA longitudinal strain.

Evidence Level

3

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Modelling some rod set imperfections of a quadrupole mass filter
Authors: Bugrov Pavel V. , Sysoev Aleksey A. , Konenkov Nikolai V.
Published: November 2023

The problem of modeling the mass peak shape of a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) with round rods is considered. A number of factors leading to the degradation of the mass peak shape are studied, namely, displacement of the electrodes with respect to their original position, changes in the diameter of the electrodes, and asymmetry of the supply potentials. Decomposition of the rod set field on multipole fields allows to obtain an analytical representation of the ion motion equations. Simulations have shown that a parallel shift of one or two electrodes leads to a shift of the peak along the mass number axis and dips at the peak apex. Unbalance of supply voltages does not significantly distort the peak shape, but it shifts the peak along the mass axis and creates a jump of the quadrupole offset potential proportional to the relative unbalance of X and Y rods potentials.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the use of PRF, CGF, and autogenous bone in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: Treatment of periodontal defect by using autologous products
Authors: Alshujaa Basem , Talmac Ahmet Cemil , Altindal Dicle , Alsafadi Anas , Ertugrul Abdullah Seckin
Published: November 2023

Background

The purpose of this randomized clinical study was to clinically evaluate and compare the efficiencies of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), concentrated growth factor (CGF) and autogenous bone graft (ABG) in the treatment of intrabony pockets and to assess the alveolar bone gain (AB gain) radiographically (panoramic and CBCT images).

Methods

Eighty intrabony pockets were divided into four groups: ojnly open flap debridement (OFD), OFD+PRF, OFD+CGF and OFD+ABG; each group consisted of 20 defects. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and tooth mobility (TM) by using Periotest M device were evaluated. Radiographic images were also taken to evaluate the AB gain. PRF was produced using a protocol of 2,700 RPM for 12 min and the relative centrifugal force (RCF) was evaluated. CGF was prepared as follows: 2 min 2700 rpm, 4 min 2400 rpm, 4 min 2700 rpm, 3 min 3000 rpm.

Results

The study results revealed a similar improvement in PI and GI values in all groups (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant decrease in PD and CAL in favor of ABG group at day 180 in comparison with other groups (p = 0.001). There was also a statistically significant decrease in TM and alveolar bone height loss (ABHL), whereby the AB gain gradually increased among the groups with the best group being ABG, followed by CGF, PRF, and control groups, respectively (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

The study results support the treatment of periodontal intrabony pockets using OFD in combination with ABG, CGF, and PRF, as ABG showed the best results followed by CGF and PRF.
The efficiency of preventive restructuring procedures: Evidence from France
Authors: Teti Emanuele , Tron Alberto , Colantoni Federico , Celani Edoardo
Published: November 2023

This article critically evaluates the effectiveness of the European Union's recent Directive on restructuring and insolvency law, specifically within the context of France, aimed at facilitating the restructuring of financially distressed firms within the Eurozone. Specifically, through the Kaplan–Meyer estimator and the log‐rank test, this research rigorously examines whether preventive restructurings surpass standard bankruptcy procedures in efficiency. The dataset under analysis is distinctly tailored, focusing on companies undergoing both types of restructuring procedures within the French jurisdiction. The study reveals that companies successfully undergoing a preventive restructuring procedure showcase higher survival rates, albeit coupled with weaker financial performances when compared to their counterparts undergoing the traditional bankruptcy process. This outcome challenges the prevalent assumption linking early‐stage restructuring with uniformly elevated survival rates and improved financial performance. A noteworthy concern stems from this observed trend, suggesting that the existence of discrete preventive restructuring procedures might inadvertently prolong the operational lifespan of financially inviable firms. This underscores the necessity for policymakers to meticulously craft preventive restructuring procedures, prioritizing debtor protection while proactively addressing the moral hazard predicament.
Effects of dietary citrus pulp level on the growth and intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)
Authors: Long Wen , Luo Jiajie , Ou Hongdong , Jiang Wen , Zhou Hang , Liu Yongyin , Zhang Lu , Mi Haifeng , Deng Junming
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Citrus pulp (CP) is rich in pectin, and studies have shown that pectin possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and gut microbiota‐regulating properties. However, the application of CP in aquafeed is limited. In this study, the effect of dietary inclusion of CP on the intestinal health of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) was investigated. Juveniles of similar size (6.95 ± 0.07 g) were fed isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets containing different levels of CP (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, or 15%) for 58 days.

RESULTS

As the level of CP in the feed for largemouth bass increased, the fish's growth performance and intestinal health initially improved and then declined. Adding low doses of CP (≤9%) to the feed had no significant impact on the growth performance of large‐mouth black bass, whereas high doses of CP (>9%) significantly reduced their growth performance. Adding 6%, 9%, or 12% of CP to that feed enhanced the expression of genes related to tight junctions, anti‐inflammatory activity, anti‐apoptotic activity, and antioxidant activity in the intestines of largemouth bass. It reduced intestinal inflammation and improved intestinal nutrient absorption, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and intestinal antioxidant capacity. Moreover, it improved the α‐diversity, structure, and function of the intestinal flora. The addition of 6% CP had the most beneficial effect on the intestinal health of largemouth bass. On the other hand, the addition of 15% CP had adverse effects on the intestinal antioxidant capacity and intestinal mucosal barrier function of largemouth bass.

CONCLUSION

Adding 6–9% CP to the feed for largemouth bass can improve their intestinal health without having a significant impact on their growth performance. CP could serve as a novel prebiotic and immunostimulant ingredient in aquafeed. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Palatal Island Flap for the Reconstruction of Oral and Oropharyngeal Defects
Authors: Taghizadeh Farshid , Slijepcevic Allison A. , Colcord Madison E. , Chodroff Jonathon , Wax Mark K.
Published: November 2023

The palatal island rotation flap is a rarely used reconstructive technique. The tissue is robust and the morbidity is low. It can be used as a primary reconstructive technique in patients with limited oral cavity/pharynx lesions. Healing is uneventful. In radiated pateints healing is prolonged and should be avoided.

We describe 14 patients where the flap was used to reconstruct local defects. Patients with no history of radiation all healed quickly and well. Those with a history of radiatiuon had prolonged pain and delayed healing. Laryngoscope, 134:2718–2720, 2024
LEADING THROUGH UNCERTAINTY
Authors: Davis Ray
Published: November 2023

Few people like uncertainty, yet Davis believes it can be profitably navigated, and can also contain opportunity. Before you can lead others, you have to be able to lead yourself. If you always tell the truth, you'll help guide others through fear of the unknown. You must also be sure that you are really good at the basics of whatever your field is—in Davis's case, banking. Umpqua, the bank he leads, has four core values: (1) absolute integrity, (2) extraordinary service, (3) innovative delivery, and (4) a strong sense of community as it expands its footprint.
NSDUH report highlights MH issues among youth and adults
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: November 2023

Last year, nearly 1 in 4 adults aged 18 or older had any mental illness (AMI) in the past year (59.3 million or 23.1%). Among adolescents aged 12 to 17 in 2022, 19.5% (or 4.8 million people) had a past year major depressive episode (MDE). These are among the key findings in the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA's) 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) released Nov. 13.
Open‐source magnetic resonance imaging: Improving access, science, and education through global collaboration
Authors: Winter Lukas , Periquito João , Kolbitsch Christoph , Pellicer‐Guridi Ruben , Nunes Rita G. , Häuer Martin , Broche Lionel , O'Reilly Tom
Published: November 2023

Open‐source practices and resources in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have increased substantially in recent years. This trend started with software and data being published open‐source and, more recently, open‐source hardware designs have become increasingly available. These developments towards a culture of sharing and establishing nonexclusive global collaborations have already improved the reproducibility and reusability of code and designs, while providing a more inclusive approach, especially for low‐income settings. Community‐driven standardization and documentation efforts are further strengthening and expanding these milestones. The future of open‐source MRI is bright and we have just started to discover its full collaborative potential. In this review we will give an overview of open‐source software and open‐source hardware projects in human MRI research.
Engagement of nonprofit organizations' followers on Instagram
Authors: Elvira‐Lorilla Teresa , Garcia‐Rodriguez Inigo , Romero‐Merino M. Elena , Santamaria‐Mariscal Marcos
Published: November 2023

This study analyzes the variables associated with followers' reactions to the Instagram posts of nonprofit organizations (NPOs). We analyzed all the 980 posts published by 58 Spanish nongovernmental development organizations on their Instagram feeds for 5 weeks. The results show that follower engagement, in terms of likes and comments, is associated with organizational characteristics of the NPOs (government grants, internationalization, religiosity), their use of social media (experience on other social media platforms, Instagram activity), and the content of the posts (engagement hierarchy classification, visual content, originality of content, use of interactive tools). For NPOs, these results indicate the importance of being aware of their own characteristics and the need to promote other aspects that they can control (the use of social media and the content they incorporate in their posts) to achieve greater levels of engagement.
Roux‐en‐Y versus one‐anastomosis gastric bypass (RYSA study): weight loss, metabolic improvements, and nutrition at 1 year after surgery, a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Heinonen Sini , Saarinen Tuure , Meriläinen Sanna , Sammalkorpi Henna , Penttilä Anne K. , Koivikko Minna , Siira Pertti , Karppinen Jaro , Säiläkivi Ulla , Rosengård‐Bärlund Milla , Koivukangas Vesa , Pietiläinen Kirsi H. , Juuti Anne
Published: November 2023

Objective

Although it has been suggested that one‐anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is metabolically superior to the “gold standard,” i.e., Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB), there is little robust evidence to prove it. Because this result may arise from the typically longer length of bypassed intestine in OAGB, here, the authors standardized the bypass length in RYGB and OAGB and compared weight loss and metabolic outcomes in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods

The authors randomized 121 bariatric patients to RYGB (n = 61) or OAGB (n = 60) in two Finnish University Hospitals and measured weight; body composition; metabolic features (insulin sensitivity, lipids, inflammation, nutrition); and comorbidities before and 6 and 12 months after the operation.

Results

Total weight loss was similar in RYGB and OAGB at 6 months (mean: 21.2% [95% CI: 19.4–23.0] vs. 22.8% [95% CI: 21.5–24.1], p = 0.136) and 12 months (25.4% [95% CI: 23.4–27.5] vs. 26.1% [95% CI: 24.2–28.9], p = 0.635). Insulin sensitivity, lipids, and inflammation improved similarly between the groups (p > 0.05). Remission of type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia was marked and similar (p > 0.05) but the use of antihypertensive medications was lower (p = 0.037) and hypertension tended to improve more (p = 0.053) with RYGB versus OAGB at 12 months. Higher rates of vitamin D‐25 deficiency (p < 0.05) and lower D‐25 levels were observed with OAGB versus RYGB throughout the follow‐up (p < 0.001). No differences in adverse effects were observed.

Conclusions

RYGB and OAGB were comparable in weight loss, metabolic improvement, remission of diabetes and hypercholesterolemia, and nutrition at 1‐year follow‐up. Vitamin D‐25 deficiency was more prevalent with OAGB, whereas reduction in antihypertensive medications and hypertension was greater with RYGB. There is no need to change the current practices of RYGB in favor of OAGB.
Combining diabetes, sex, and menopause as meaningful clinical features associated with NASH and liver fibrosis in individuals with class II and III obesity: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Raverdy Violeta , Chatelain Estelle , Lasailly Guillaume , Caiazzo Robert , Vandel Jimmy , Verkindt Helene , Marciniak Camille , Legendre Benjamin , Bauvin Pierre , Oukhouya‐Daoud Naima , Baud Gregory , Chetboun Mikael , Vantyghem Marie‐Christine , Gnemmi Viviane , Leteurtre Emmanuelle , Staels Bart , Lefebvre Philippe , Mathurin Philippe , Marot Guillemette , Pattou Francois
Published: November 2023

Objective

Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is frequent in individuals with obesity. In this study, type 2 diabetes (T2D), sex, and menopausal status were combined to refine the stratification of obesity regarding the risk of advanced SLD and gain further insight into disease physiopathology.

Methods

This study enrolled 1446 participants with obesity from the ABOS cohort (NCT01129297), who underwent extensive phenotyping, including liver histology and transcriptome profiling. Hierarchical clustering was applied to classify participants. The prevalence of metabolic disorders associated with steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis (F ≥ 2) was determined within each identified subgroup and aligned to clinical and biological characteristics.

Results

The prevalence of NASH and F ≥ 2 was, respectively, 9.5% (N = 138/1446) and 11.7% (N = 159/1365) in the overall population, 20.3% (N = 107/726) and 21.1% (N = 106/502) in T2D patients, and 3.4% (N = 31/920) and 6.1% (N = 53/863) in non‐T2D patients. NASH and F ≥ 2 prevalence was 15.4% (33/215) and 15.5% (32/206) among premenopausal women with T2D vs. 29.5% (33/112) and 30.3% (N = 36/119) in postmenopausal women with T2D (p < 0.01); and 21.0% (21/100) / 27.0% (24/89) in men with T2D ≥ age 50 years and 17.9% (17/95) / 18.5% (17/92) in men with T2D < age 50 years (NS). The distinct contribution of menopause was confirmed by the interaction between sex and age with respect to NASH among T2D patients (p = 0.048). Finally, several NASH‐associated biological traits (lower platelet count; higher serum uric acid; gamma‐glutamyl transferase; aspartate aminotransferase) and liver expressed genes AKR1B10 and CCL20 were significantly associated with menopause in women with T2D but not with age in men with T2D.

Conclusions

This study unveiled a remarkably high prevalence of advanced SLD after menopause in women with T2D, associated with a dysfunctional biological liver profile.
Analysis of effects of material anisotropy on ductile damage using microscopic unit‐cell model
Authors: Koirala Sanjeev , Gerke Steffen , Brünig Michael
Published: November 2023

It is experimentally observed that the failure in ductile metals is mainly due to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of micro‐voids as well as micro‐shear‐cracks. Furthermore, plastic anisotropy has significant role in damage and failure behavior of ductile metals. Finite element simulations of unit cell provide a basis to understand different mechanisms on micro‐scale, for example, changes in shape and size of single voids and defects as well as localization of plastic strains. This contribution deals with the numerical analysis of unit cell containing spherical void subjected to symmetrical boundary conditions taking material anisotropy into account. Elastic isotropic behavior is described by Hooke's law while Hoffman yield criterion considering the strength‐differential effect is used to model the anisotropic plastic behavior. Generalized anisotropic stress invariants, generalized stress triaxiality, and generalized Lode parameter are introduced to characterize the stress state in the anisotropic ductile metal. The effect of plastic anisotropy on the damage behavior of the aluminum alloy EN AW‐2017A is studied in detail by performing a series of numerical simulations covering a wide range of stress triaxialites and Lode parameters. Stress triaxility and Lode parameter are controlled and kept constant during the entire loading process. The numerical results are then used to discuss general mechanisms of damage and failure process in ductile metals.
Analytical tangents for arbitrary material laws derived from rheological models at large deformations
Authors: Gypstuhl Richard , Wulf Hans , Landgraf Ralf , Ihlemann Jörn
Published: November 2023

The development of suitable material laws for various material classes is an essential preliminary task for conducting realistic simulations. Within the framework of large deformations, one recognized approach is the utilization of rheological connections allowing the construction of arbitrary models. A common method to calculate the stress response of such a material model is to formulate a set of algebraic and ordinary differential equations and to solve them numerically. However, in this work, only stress relations between different rheological elements are formulated and directly solved by a numeric algorithm without the need to derive the typical system of algebraic/differential equations. The required derivatives for the solution of these equations for this algorithm and the stiffness of the material model are calculated analytically following the same general principle as the algorithm calculating the stress response. This improves stability and computation effort compared to a forward difference scheme.
Development of electrically conductive wood‐based composites using carbon nets
Authors: Rezanezhad Mojtaba , Shalbafan Ali , Thoemen Heiko
Published: November 2023

A novel conductive composite material was developed using woven carbon nets. For this purpose, carbon nets with different mesh sizes of 25, 100, 225, and 400 mm2 were woven, using two different carbon yarns with widths of 2 and 0.5 mm. The woven carbon nets were used before and after the core layer formation during mat forming of the particleboard. It was found that the insertion of carbon nets into the panel structure not only transforms insulated particleboard into a highly conductive composite but also significantly improves the flexural properties of the composite. However, the internal bond strength and physical properties of the composites were negatively affected by the presence of carbon nets in the panel structure, although their values were still above the minimum requirements of the standard values. Increasing the mesh area of the carbon nets and using thinner carbon yarns to weave the nets had a negative effect on the electrical and mechanical properties of the composites. In addition, a demonstration object was made of conductive composites to integrate lighting and a smartphone charging port into the object and prove the applicability of the developed composites for the furniture industry.

Highlights

Composites with carbon nets with smaller mesh area showed higher conductivity.

The smaller the width of the carbon yarn, the higher the electrical resistance.

The carbon net in the composites led to a decrease in internal bond strength.

The carbon nets improved the flexural properties of the composites.

Thickness swelling was significantly reduced by the use of carbon nets.
A comparative study of graphite and graphene sheets employed in polymer‐based electromagnetic shielding materials
Authors: Fan Zuwei , Cheng Xiaojie , Ding Yaru , Yu Yuanyuan , Liu Rangtong
Published: November 2023

In this work, the comparative properties of graphite (GT) and graphene (GE) sheets for use in polymer‐based electromagnetic (EM) shielding materials were explored. To accomplish this, GT and GE were individually combined with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as composite films and each was later attached to a nonwoven fabric to produce nonwoven‐reinforced (NR) films. The microtopography showed that GT was easily wrapped by the PVDF matrix in the composite film, whereas GE was partially exposed on the film surface because of its complete contact with PVDF. Addition of the carbon materials appeared to increase the EM shielding effectiveness (SE) of the films in the X‐band. The SE of the PVDF/GE films was significantly higher than the PVDF/GT films, up to 50.4 dB, which was mainly affected by electronic conductivity. The internal loss of the EM wave in PVDF/GE films was dominated by internal reflection because of the more regular arrangement of GE, whereas the loss in the PVDF/GT films contained greater EM absorption. Although the SE at 1–18 GHz of NR PVDF/GT film was significantly lower than the NR PVDF/GE film, the internal loss at high frequency was higher due to the better absorption loss in its surface layer.

Highlights

GT and GE sheets were compared as functional materials.

GT and GE sheets showed different distribution states in the films.

The EM SE of the PVDF/GE films was up to 50.4 dB.

The EM shielding mechanism was analyzed and compared.
An Electrically Resistive Switching Nonvolatile Memory System Based on PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Sobhy Rasha , El-Mansy Mabrouk , Khalil Reda
Published: November 2023

The current density–voltage (J–V) curves of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) are examined at room temperature, which reveal nonlinear behavior and hysteresis loop‐like patterns. Herein, the potential of the material for nonvolatile applications requiring resistive random access memory (ReRAM) is demonstrated. The resistive switching effect is explained using a Schottky barrier and the space‐charge‐limited conduction model. Additionally, dielectric and electrical characteristics are analyzed in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 MHz. The impedance, electric modulus, dielectric loss tangent, and AC conductivity are explored through On‐ and Off‐states of resistive switching. A modified Debye function and Jonscher's power law are used for data fitting. The resistive switching memory behavior of PEDOT:PSS are studied using J–V and chemical impedance spectroscopy (CIS) measurements. The Cu/PEDOT:PSS/Cu sandwich‐type devices show bipolar switching behavior, and an equivalent circuit model based on the impedance spectra is proposed to describe the CIS response in both states. The switching process is attributed to the electrical‐field‐induced effect of dipolar reorientation on the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS at grain boundaries.
A case report describing the use of systemic bevacizumab in the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary involvement
Authors: O'Brien Amy , Shafuddin Eskandarain
Published: November 2023

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare disease characterized by recurrent papilloma along the aerodigestive tract. In this case, we describe a 16‐year‐old with longstanding laryngeal RRP secondary to vertical transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV) who presented with symptomatic pulmonary involvement and was successfully treated with systemic bevacizumab. The case describes the clinical and radiological improvement with therapy as well as the adverse effects that occurred and resolved with dose adjustments.
Incidentally discovered tracheal bronchus
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Wu Chun‐Han
Published: November 2023

Key message

Congenital anomalies of the large airways are occasionally asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered through radiography, often using computed tomography. Bronchoscopy can aid in the direct visual examination of the large airway abnormalities detected on radiography.
Plastic bronchitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae
Authors: Yamasaki Kei , Morimoto Toshiki , Hashimoto Kohei , Yamaguchi Sadanobu , Kawamura Masaru , Nemoto Kazuki , Kawaguchi Takako , Tachiwada Takashi , Yatera Kazuhiro
Published: November 2023

Key message

Plastic bronchitis is characterized by sputum obstructing the bronchus and causing atelectasis. Bronchoscopic removal of the clogged bronchial cast is typically performed, but small‐diameter bronchoscopes with narrow suction ports cannot achieve adequate suction. Suction using a bronchoscope as a guide sheath may be effective for treating plastic bronchitis in children.