bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning Attention Inwards: Seventeenth-Century Poetry of Interoception
Authors: Uribe Bracho Lorena
Published: January 2025

“Interoception,” a term that has attracted a significant amount of attention over the past few years, refers broadly to the ability to sense what goes on inside the body: the rhythm of circulation, pangs of hunger, breathing patterns, fluctuations in mood, the movements of a child in the womb, and countless other processes with different levels of accessibility to the conscious mind.

This article claims that attention to the inside of the body is a vital part of the experience of poetry in early modern times and that poetic language can be a key part of the cultural training that shapes the perception of visceral landscapes. The discussion follows the lead of several shared traits between poetry and interoception, including rhythmic patterning, intermittence, strong experiential potential, predictive processing, and cumulative effects. For this purpose, it draws from recent work in the field of cognitive science, and also from lyric theory, work on poetic form, and a range of texts on early modern poetry, history, and culture.

The argument for a “poetry of interoception” is tied to the idea that a number of cultural factors align in the seventeenth century and sharpen the interest in the inside of the body as changing medical paradigms meet the old vehicle for attention to subjectivity that is the lyric mode. These factors operate across Europe and Colonial America, and thus the poems that are used as examples belong to different languages and national traditions.
Greitosios mados organizacijų internetinių parduotuvių svetainėse skelbiamos socialinės atsakomybės ir tvarumo komunikacijos ypatumai
Authors: Telyčėnaitė Austė
Published: January 2025

Nepaisant pabrėžiamo neblėstančio greitosios mados industrijos aktualumo ir didėjančio problemiškumo, trūksta tyrimų, kaip mados organizacijos visuomenei komunikuoja apie tvarumą ir socialinę atsakomybę. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti greitosios mados organizacijų komunikacijos apie socialinę atsakomybę ir tvarumą jų internetinių parduotuvių svetainėse ypatumus, vartojamas sąvokas ir brėžiamas atsakingos veiklos ribas. Straipsnis grindžiamas 2021 m. atlikto tyrimo rezultatais, kurie atskleidė, jog nagrinėtų greitosios mados organizacijų komunikacijoje labiausiai paplitusi tvarumo sąvoka, o tvarumo ir socialinės atsakomybės veikloms įvardinti jos dažnai vartoja savo sugalvotus terminus ir taip gali apsunkinti vartotojo tvarumo ir socialinės atsakomybės suvokimą. Tyrimo rezultatai taip pat parodė, jog greitosios mados organizacijų skelbiama informacija yra nevienoda: skiriasi išsamumu ir jos skelbimo vietomis internetinėje svetainėje. Be to, organizacijoms svarbesnis vizualumo, o ne informacijos pateikimo aiškumo kriterijus – informacija pateikiama sudėtingai ir reikalauja daug vartotojo, norinčio susipažinti su organizacijų tvarumo ir socialinės atsakomybės įsipareigojimais ir veiklomis, pastangų.
Remains. On Survivance in Translation and Literary Criticism
Authors: Pantuchowicz Agnieszka
Published: January 2025

The article proposes a reading of Jacques Derrida’s concept of “remains” as a way of approaching the question of being true to the original both in translation and in critical readings of texts that seem to assume the unchangeable presence of their objects of attentiveness. Although I mainly concentrate on the issues of translation, the affinities between the two spheres of literary interest are only too obvious, and I gradually approach them in this paper through Derrida’s reading of what seems to be an Alaskan case of coffining of the dead. This coffining, as way of treating remains, is rhetorically related to reading and interpretation, and also to translation, as a tribute to what is left behind, unspoken or untranslated. What I attempt to bring to the fore in this paper are the complexities and intricacies involved in linguistic and artistic mythologies of presenting and articulating the world as simply present and living, at the cost of discursively coffining what remains.
Compositional editing of extracellular matrices by CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of human mesenchymal stem cell lines
Authors: Prithiviraj Sujeethkumar , Garcia Alejandro Garcia , Linderfalk Karin , Yiguang Bai , Ferveur Sonia , Falck Ludvig Nilsén , Subramaniam Agatheeswaran , Mohlin Sofie , Hidalgo David , Dupard Steven J , Zacharaki Dimitra , Raina Deepak Bushan , Bourgine Paul E
Published: January 2025

Tissue engineering strategies predominantly rely on the production of living substitutes, whereby implanted cells actively participate in the regenerative process. Beyond cost and delayed graft availability, the patient-specific performance of engineered tissues poses serious concerns on their clinical translation ability. A more exciting paradigm consists in exploiting cell-laid, engineered extracellular matrices (eECM), which can be used as off-the-shelf materials. Here, the regenerative capacity solely relies on the preservation of the eECM structure and embedded signals to instruct an endogenous repair. We recently described the possibility to exploit custom human stem cell lines for eECM manufacturing. In addition to the conferred standardization, the availability of such cell lines opened avenues for the design of tailored eECMs by applying dedicated genetic tools. In this study, we demonstrated the exploitation of CRISPR/Cas9 as a high precision system for editing the composition and function of eECMs. Human mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (hMSC) lines were modified to knockout VEGF and RUNX2 and assessed for their capacity to generate osteoinductive cartilage matrices. We report the successful editing of hMSCs, subsequently leading to targeted VEGF and RUNX2-knockout cartilage eECMs. Despite the absence of VEGF, eECMs retained full capacity to instruct ectopic endochondral ossification. Conversely, RUNX2-edited eECMs exhibited impaired hypertrophy, reduced ectopic ossification and superior cartilage repair in a rat osteochondral defect. In summary, our approach can be harnessed to identify the necessary eECM factors driving endogenous repair. Our work paves the road towards the compositional eECMs editing and their exploitation in broad regenerative contexts.
Pinging the Hidden Attentional Priority Map: Suppression Needs Attention
Authors: Huang Changrun , van Moorselaar Dirk , Foster Joshua J , Donk Mieke , Theeuwes Jan
Published: January 2025

Attentional capture by an irrelevant salient distractor is attenuated when the distractor is presented more frequently in one location compared to other locations, suggesting that people learn to suppress an irrelevant salient location. However, to date it is unclear whether this suppression is proactive, applied before attention has been directed to the distractor location, or reactive, occurring after attention has been directed to that specific location. The aim of the present study is to investigate how suppression is accomplished by using the pinging technique, which allows one to probe how attention is distributed across the visual field prior to the presentation of the search display. In an EEG experiment, participants performed a visual search task wherein they were tasked with identifying a shape singleton in the presence of an irrelevant color singleton. Compared to all other locations, this color singleton appeared more frequently at a specific location, which was termed the high-probability location. Prior to the search task, we introduced a continuous recall spatial memory task to reveal the hidden attentional priority map. Participants had to memorize the location of a memory cue continuously and report this location after the visual search task. Critically, after the presentation of the memory cue but before the onset of the search display, a neutral placeholder display was presented to probe how the hidden priority map is reconfigured by the learned distractor suppression. Behaviorally, there was clear evidence that the high-probability location was suppressed, as search was more efficient when the distractor appeared at this location. To examine the priority map prior to search, we adopted an inverted encoding approach to reconstruct the tuning profile of the memorized position in the spatial memory task. Inverted modeling resulted in reliable tuning profiles during memory maintenance that gradually decayed and that were revived again by the onset of a neutral placeholder display preceding search. After the onset of the placeholders, the tuning profile observed was characterized by a spatial gradient centered over the high-probability location, with tuning being most pronounced at the-to-be suppressed location. This finding suggests that while learned suppression is initiated prior to search display onset, it is preceded by an initial phase of spatial selection, which is in line with a reactive suppression account. Together these results further our understanding of the mechanism of spatial distractor suppression.
A new species of parrot snake, Leptophis (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Albuquerque Nelson R. , Martins Roullien H. , Carvalho Priscila S. , Shepard Donald B. , Santana Diego J.
Published: January 2025

We describe a new species of Leptophis (parrot snake) from the Cerrado ecoregion of Brazil. The new species, L. mystacinus sp. nov., differs from all other congeners in the following unique character combination: two Spectrum Green (129) to Light Parrot Green (133) dorsolateral stripes separated by a Buff (5) vertebral stripe, usually continuous onto the tail; loreal scale absent; postocular stripe Jet Black (300), wide and long (up 11 scales long onto nuchal region); maxillary teeth 21–25; ventrals 158–173; subcaudals 141–164; black spots on head absent; supracephalic plates of head not edged with black pigment; adult color pattern lacking dark oblique bands; keels absent on first dorsal scale rows; hemipenis unilobed, noncapitate, with undivided sulcus spermaticus, and first row of hemipenial body with four spines. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S mtDNA sequences indicate the new species is the sister taxon of L. dibernardoi, a species occurring in the neighboring Caatinga ecoregion.
Комета 1812 года – где ты?
Authors: Ochkov Valeriy
Published: January 2025

В статье рассказано о том, как можно определить современное местонахождение кометы 1812 года через решение на компьютере дифференциального уравнения.
постоянного тока
Authors: Pereslavtsev Alexandr
Published: January 2025

В статье обсуждаются технологии плазменной переработки отходов.
Unwinding of Medicaid Continuous Enrollment Exposes Millions to Disrupted Care—“Be Kind, Rewind”
Authors: Barnes Justin M. , Yabroff K. Robin , Chino Fumiko
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the causes and consequences of Medicaid unwinding and disenrollment and proposes solutions to minimize disenrollment and improve coverage uptake and health care access.
Correlation of slow‐wave sleep with motor and nonmotor progression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Jing , Zhao Danhua , Chen Baoyu , Wang Qi , Li Yuan , Chen Junyi , Bai Chaobo , Guo Xintong , Feng Xiaotong , He Xiaoyu , Zhang Lin , Yuan Junliang
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study aimed to explore the association between slow‐wave sleep and the progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms in patients with PD.

Methods

Data were collected from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study. Slow‐wave sleep, also known as deep non‐rapid eye movement (DNREM) sleep, was objectively assessed using the Verily Study Watch. Motor function was assessed using the Movement Disorder Society‐Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III score, Hoehn and Yahr stage, freezing of gait, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesia severity. Comprehensive assessments were conducted on nonmotor symptoms, including depression, anxiety, global cognitive function, and autonomic dysfunction. Statistical analyses involved repeated‐measures analysis of variance and linear regression.

Results

A total of 102 patients with PD were included in the study, with a median follow‐up duration of 3.4 years. In the long DNREM sleep duration group (n = 55), better motor function (DNREM × time interaction: F(1,100) = 4.866, p = 0.030), less severe sexual dysfunction (p = 0.026), and improved activities of daily living (p = 0.033) were observed at the last follow‐up visit compared with the short DNREM sleep duration group (n = 47). Reduced DNREM sleep duration is a risk factor for motor progression (β = −0.251, p = 0.021; 95% confidence interval = −0.465 to −0.038).

Interpretation

The findings suggest an association between longer DNREM sleep duration and slower motor and nonmotor progression in patients with PD.
Wavelength‐Recognizable SbSI:Sb2S3 Photovoltaic Devices: Elucidation of the Mechanism and Modulation of their Characteristics
Authors: Kobayashi Tai , Nishikubo Ryosuke , Chen Yizhou , Marumoto Kazuhiro , Saeki Akinori
Published: December 2023

The output of photovoltaic (PV) devices is mostly independent of the wavelength of the incident light, whereas an anomalous wavelength‐dependent photovoltaic effect (WDPE) has recently been observed in antimony chalcohalide‐chalcogenide (SbSI:Sb2S3) PVs. Remarkably, the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) exhibits a reversible change between low VOC for short wavelengths and high VOC for long wavelengths. Herein, this work presents i) insights into the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon by electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements and ii) the switchable character of WDPE depending on the hole transport material (HTM). Operando ESR measurements with light irradiation revealed that the hole density in the HTM is significantly suppressed when the ultraviolet component is included in the irradiation light. This indicated interfacial charge recombination rather than hole transfer to the HTM under short‐wavelength light irradiation, providing a basis for understanding the mechanism of WDPE. Furthermore, the use of poly(triarylamine) as the HTM unexpectedly exhibit the opposite wavelength‐VOC dependence, where a low VOC is observed with long‐wavelength light. In addition, the introduction of a polar gas accelerated the response speed of these effects. These findings shed light on the expansion of unique wavelength‐responsive single junction devices.
Drop That Activation Energy: Tetragonal to Cubic Transformations in Na3PS4−xSex for Solid State Sodium Ion Battery Materials
Authors: Chaudhary Madhusudan , Pominov Arkadii , Mumbaraddi Dundappa , Allen Bryce , Meyer Jan , Kirchberger Anna Maria , Bernard Guy M. , Nilges Tom , Mar Arthur , Michaelis Vladimir K.
Published: December 2023

Sodium‐containing chalcogenide materials are emerging as a class of solid electrolytes for application in inexpensive all‐solid‐state sodium‐ion batteries due to their high ionic conductivity, abundance, and degree of synthetic and structural variability. Members of the solid solution Na3PS4−xSex, which are promising solid electrolytes for sodium‐ion batteries, are prepared by reaction at high temperature. With increasing substitution of S by Se, the structure transforms from tetragonal (space group P21c for x = 0, 1) to cubic (space group I3m for x = 2, 3, 4). Within the solid solution, the S and Se atoms are completely disordered in the environments around the P atoms, in accordance with a binomial distribution, as inferred by the 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. In 23Na NMR experiments conducted at different magnetic fields and temperatures, quadrupolar lineshapes are observed that are influenced by sodium ion dynamics; the activation energies decrease from 0.21 to 0.15 eV on progressing from the S‐ to the Se‐rich members. A dynamic model is proposed to account for the changes in the 23Na quadrupolar lineshapes by switching the orientations of the electric field gradient and chemical shift anisotropy tensors when Na+ ions hop to the four nearest Na sites.
High‐Performance Hydrogel Sensors Enabled Multimodal and Accurate Human–Machine Interaction System for Active Rehabilitation
Authors: Wang Hao , Ding Qiongling , Luo Yibing , Wu Zixuan , Yu Jiahao , Chen Huizhi , Zhou Yubin , Zhang He , Tao Kai , Chen Xiaoliang , Fu Jun , Wu Jin
Published: December 2023

Human–machine interaction (HMI) technology shows an important application prospect in rehabilitation medicine, but it is greatly limited by the unsatisfactory recognition accuracy and wearing comfort. Here, this work develops a fully flexible, conformable, and functionalized multimodal HMI interface consisting of hydrogel‐based sensors and a self‐designed flexible printed circuit board. Thanks to the component regulation and structural design of the hydrogel, both electromyogram (EMG) and forcemyography (FMG) signals can be collected accurately and stably, so that they are later decoded with the assistance of artificial intelligence (AI). Compared with traditional multichannel EMG signals, the multimodal human–machine interaction method based on the combination of EMG and FMG signals significantly improves the efficiency of human–machine interaction by increasing the information entropy of the interaction signals. The decoding accuracy of the interaction signals from only two channels for different gestures reaches 91.28%. The resulting AI‐powered active rehabilitation system can control a pneumatic robotic glove to assist stroke patients in completing movements according to the recognized human motion intention. Moreover, this HMI interface is further generalized and applied to other remote sensing platforms, such as manipulators, intelligent cars, and drones, paving the way for the design of future intelligent robot systems.
Microstructured Polyelectrolyte Elastomer‐Based Ionotronic Sensors with High Sensitivities and Excellent Stability for Artificial Skins
Authors: Yuan Yi‐ming , Liu Binhong , Adibeig Mohammad Reza , Xue Qiqi , Qin Chu , Sun Qing‐yin , Jin Ying , Wang Min , Yang Canhui
Published: December 2023

High‐performance flexible pressure sensors are highly demanded for artificial tactile sensing. Using ionic conductors as the dielectric layer has enabled ionotronic pressure sensors with high sensitivities owing to giant capacitance of the electric double layer (EDL) formed at the ionic conductor/electronic conductor interface. However, conventional ionotronic sensors suffer from leakage, which greatly hinders long‐term stability and practical applications. Herein, a leakage‐free polyelectrolyte elastomer as the dielectric layer for ionotronic sensors is synthesized. The mechanical and electrical properties of the polyelectrolyte elastomer are optimized, a micropyramid array is constructed, and it is used as the dielectric layer for an ionotronic pressure sensor with marked performances. The obtained sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 69.6 kPa−1, a high upper detecting limit on the order of 1 MPa, a fast response/recovery speed of ≈6 ms, and excellent stability under both static and dynamic loads. Notably, the sensor retains a high sensitivity of 4.96 kPa−1 at 500 kPa, and its broad sensing range within high‐pressure realm enables a brand‐new coding strategy. The applications of the sensor as a wearable keyboard and a quasicontinuous controller for a robotic arm are demonstrated. Durable and highly sensitive ionotronic sensors potentialize high‐performance artificial skins for soft robots, human–machine interfaces, and beyond.
Evaluation of H2 Plasma‐Induced Damage in Materials for EUV Lithography
Authors: Choe Eun‐Seok , Choi Seungwook , Kim Ansoon , Kim Kwan‐Yong , Yeom Hee‐Jung , Yoon Min Young , Hong Seongwan , Kim Dong‐Wook , Kim Jung‐Hyung , Lee Hyo‐Chang
Published: December 2023

Ultrafine semiconductor fabrication by lithography has undergone a significant transition from deep ultraviolet (DUV) to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) processes, which presents new challenges. Specifically, the damage caused to components utilized in an EUV system, such as multilayer mirrors, reticles, and pellicles within lithography equipment, owing to EUV‐induced H2 plasma, is a critical issue that directly affects the process yield and equipment lifespan. To address these issues, it is crucial to establish an environment similar to that of EUV‐induced plasma and develop a method to evaluate the resulting damage. Accordingly, an evaluation method is developed for assessing the material damage caused by hydrogen radicals and ions in inductively coupled H2 plasma. In these systems, the electron density ranged from 5 × 108 to 3.5 × 1010 cm−3, the electron temperature ranged from 1 to 4 eV, and the ion energy ranged from several to tens of eV; these conditions closely align with the environment of an EUV‐induced H2 plasma. The damage to Mo2C, a potential EUV pellicle material, is quantitatively analyzed by measuring the fraction of the pore area and examining the chemical characteristics after exposing the samples to various plasma conditions, including electron density, gas pressure, and exposure time.
Magnetically Functionalized Hydrogels for High‐Throughput Genomic Applications
Authors: Lammertse Evan , Li Siran , Kendall Jude , Kim Catherine , Morris Patrick , Ranade Nissim , Levy Dan , Wigler Michael , Brouzes Eric
Published: December 2023

Single‐cell genomics has revolutionized tissue analysis by revealing the genetic program of individual cells. The key aspect of the technology is the use of barcoded beads to unambiguously tag sequences originating from a single cell. The generation of unique barcodes on beads is mainly achieved by split–pooling methods, which are labor‐intensive due to repeated washing steps. Toward the automation of the split–pooling method, a simple method to magnetize hydrogel beads is developed. The results show that these hydrogel beads provide increased yields and washing efficiencies for purification procedures. They are also fully compatible with single‐cell sequencing using the BAG‐seq workflow. The work opens the automation of the split–pooling technique, which will improve single‐cell genomic workflows.
Nature‐Driven Edible Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Insect Larvae Derived Chitin Biofilm for Sustainable Multifunctional Energy Harvesting
Authors: Patil Swapnil R. , Chougale Mahesh Y. , Kim Jungmin , Shaukat Rayyan Ali , Noman Muhammad , Saqib Qazi Muhammad , Patil Chandrashekhar S. , Ghode Sourabh B. , Dongale Tukaram D. , Dubal Deepak , Bae Jinho
Published: December 2023

With the increasing demand for portable electronic devices and the shortage of conventional energy resources, energy harvesting from natural resources has gained much attention. Herein, they proposed a black soldier fly (BSF) derived chitin biofilm to fabricate high‐performance triboelectric and piezoelectric nanogenerators. The physiochemical characterizations of the chitin biofilm are demonstrated by the presence of the hydroxyl group, alpha chitin, and beta chitin, which are responsible for the remarkable tribopositive, and piezoelectric function of the chitin derived from BSF. The electrical performance of the proposed work, such as voltage, current, and instantaneous power from BSF/PTFE‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) are exhibited at 121 V, 15 µA, and 217.8 µW, respectively. Ag/BSF/Ag piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is generated 18 V voltage, 2.2 µA current, and 5 µW instantaneous power. Moreover, the proposed TENG and PENG devices demonstrate the ability to charge the dielectric capacitors and drive low‐power electronic devices like LEDs and a calculator. The proposed results suggested that chitin is a superior biomaterial for developing sustainable energy harvesting devices.
Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Phages and their Current Applications in Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Kang Dayeon , Bagchi Damayanti , Chen Irene A.
Published: December 2023

Antimicrobial resistance remains a critical global health concern, necessitating the investigation of alternative therapeutic approaches. With the diminished efficacy of conventional small molecule drugs due to the emergence of highly resilient bacterial strains, there is growing interest in the potential for alternative therapeutic modalities. As naturally occurring viruses of bacteria, bacteriophage (or phage) are being re‐envisioned as a platform to engineer properties that can be tailored to target specific bacterial strains and employ diverse antibacterial mechanisms. However, limited understanding of key pharmacological properties of phage is a major challenge to translating its use from preclinical to clinical settings. Here, this work reviews modern advancements in phage‐based antimicrobial therapy and discusses the in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of phage, addressing critical challenges in their application that must be overcome for successful clinical implementation.
Enhanced Anti‐Photoaging Effects of Adipose‐Derived Stem Cell (ADSC) Secretome via Liposomal and Iontophoretic Intradermal Delivery
Authors: Shin Eunhye , Kim Jeong‐Uk , Ko Junghyeon , Koh Rachel H. , Kim Junhee , Park Su‐Bin , An Young‐Hyeon , Hwang Nathaniel S.
Published: December 2023

The growing societal concern regarding skin aging caused by ultraviolet (UV) exposure has spurred the quest for effective therapeutic solutions. Among these, secreted factors derived from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSC) have emerged as promising candidates with anti‐photoaging properties. The secretome of ADSC stimulates resident fibroblasts, triggering antioxidant effects and promoting the synthesis of the extracellular matrix, thus counteracting the effects of photoaging. In this study, the potential of dried ADSC secretome (AD‐Sc), obtained through a compressed fluid antisolvent process, is assessed as an anti‐photoaging agent. In addition, liposome nanocarriers are used to encapsulate AD‐Sc (Sc_Lipo) to enhance its delivery efficiency. The findings demonstrate that both AD‐Sc and Sc_Lipo effectively reduce reactive oxygen species levels in UV‐damaged human fibroblasts, upregulate the expression of HAS1 and COL1, and inhibit MMP2. Moreover, it is discovered that reverse electrodialysis (RED)‐driven iontophoresis improves the intradermal delivery of Sc_Lipo, as validated in an ex vivo porcine skin. Finally, in an in vivo UV‐induced wrinkling mice model, the Lipo+RED group shows noticeable skin photoaging improvements. This study provides additional evidence that a combined intradermal delivery system for AD‐Sc may represent a viable therapeutic approach for mitigating and preventing photoaging in clinical settings.
Diselenophene‐Dithioalkylthiophene Based Quinoidal Small Molecules for Ambipolar Organic Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Velusamy Arulmozhi , Chen Yen‐Yu , Lin Meng‐Hao , Afraj Shakil N. , Liu Jia‐Hao , Chen Ming‐Chou , Liu Cheng‐Liang
Published: December 2023

This work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene‐dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side‐chain lengths (‐thiohexyl, ‐thiodecyl, and ‐thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ‐6, DSpDSTQ‐10, and DSpDSTQ‐14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution‐processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end‐capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR‐containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π‐orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ‐6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution‐processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions.
Serum Bile Acids Improve Prediction of Alzheimer's Progression in a Sex‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Chen Tianlu , Wang Lu , Xie Guoxiang , Kristal Bruce S. , Zheng Xiaojiao , Sun Tao , Arnold Matthias , Louie Gregory , Li Mengci , Wu Lirong , Mahmoudiandehkordi Siamak , Sniatynski Matthew J. , Borkowski Kamil , Guo Qihao , Kuang Junliang , Wang Jieyi , Nho Kwangsik , Ren Zhenxing , Kueider‐Paisley Alexandra , Blach Colette , Kaddurah‐Daouk Rima , Jia Wei ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and the Alzheimer Disease Metabolomics Consortium (ADMC)
Published: December 2023

Sex disparities in serum bile acid (BA) levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence have been established. However, the precise link between changes in serum BAs and AD development remains elusive. Here, authors quantitatively determined 33 serum BAs and 58 BA features in 4 219 samples collected from 1 180 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. The findings revealed that these BA features exhibited significant correlations with clinical stages, encompassing cognitively normal (CN), early and late mild cognitive impairment, and AD, as well as cognitive performance. Importantly, these associations are more pronounced in men than women. Among participants with progressive disease stages (n = 660), BAs underwent early changes in men, occurring before AD. By incorporating BA features into diagnostic and predictive models, positive enhancements are achieved for all models. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve improved from 0.78 to 0.91 for men and from 0.76 to 0.83 for women for the differentiation of CN and AD. Additionally, the key findings are validated in a subset of participants (n = 578) with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐beta and tau levels. These findings underscore the role of BAs in AD progression, offering potential improvements in the accuracy of AD prediction.
Fabrication of stable and selective non‐noble metal catalysts for selective alkyne hydrogenation
Authors: Yu He , Song Yuanfei , Zheng Tianci , McCue Alan J. , Zheng Lirong , Chen Weipei , Feng Junting , Zhang Zhe , Liu Yanan , Li Dianqing
Published: December 2023

Modification of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with Sn is appealing for tuning catalyst activity and selectivity for hydrogenation reactions. However, a strong interaction between the Al2O3 and Sn ions can lead to problems when a traditional impregnation strategy is employed. For example, tin aluminate complexes can form and uneven distribution of the metals can occur. In this work, a support coordination induction strategy is developed, in which the use of a rod‐shaped Al2O3 with a high number penta‐coordinated Al3+ surface species prepared from a rotating liquid film reactor was used. The unsaturated Al3+ coordination sites on this support induce the formation of a stable and uniform Ni‐Sn intermetallic phase without the appearance of either monometallic Ni or SnO2 particles. This uniform Ni‐Sn intermetallic phase was then shown to be responsible for enhanced activity, selectivity, and stability for alkyne hydrogenation relative to samples which lacked the same level of Ni‐Sn uniformity.
Atomic decoration of Pt on Co nanoparticles for enhanced oxidative esterification performances
Authors: Zhao Xin , Fang Ruiqi , Shen Zirong , Wang Fengliang , Li Yingwei
Published: December 2023

Transition‐metal catalysts with metal nanoparticles (NPs) as active sites are widely utilized in various reactions. In this work, we report the atomic decoration of Pt upon Co NPs for enhanced catalytic performances in oxidation esterification. Systematical characterizations imply the single‐atom nature and homogeneous distribution of Pt throughout the formed single‐atom alloy (SAA). The synergistic interactions between Pt and Co lead to significant charge redistribution and up‐shifted density of states (DOS) toward the Fermi level, which are verified favorable for the adsorption and activation of substrates. The esterification performances of Pt1Co@C are evaluated in the transformation of 54 kinds of aromatic alcohols (5‐hydromethylfurfural, furfural, and benzyl alcohols) into the corresponding mono‐ and diesters. Pt1Co@C shows not only remarkably enhanced reactivity but also reliable durability in both batch and continuous flow reactors. Mechanism investigations clearly reveal the rapid transformation of 5‐hydromethylfurfural over Pt1Co@C through a simplified route with reduced energy barriers.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2024 update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Gertz Morie A.
Published: December 2023

Disease Overview

Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and “atypical smoldering multiple myeloma or MGUS.”

Diagnosis

Tissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for the diagnosis of AL amyloidosis. Organ biopsy is not required in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. The gold standard is laser capture mass spectroscopy.

Prognosis

N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP or BNP), serum troponin T(or I), and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four stages; 5‐year survivals are 82%, 62%, 34%, and 20%, respectively.

Therapy

All patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Current first‐line therapy with the best outcome is daratumumab, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone. The goal of therapy is a ≥VGPR. In patients failing to achieve this depth of response options for consolidation include pomalidomide, stem cell transplantation, venetoclax, and bendamustine.

Future Challenges

Delayed diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy prior to the development of end‐stage organ failure. Trials of antibodies to deplete deposited fibrils are underway.
Intramolekulare Triplett‐Diffusion erleichtert die Triplett‐Dissoziation in einem Pentacen‐Hexamer
Authors: Greißel Phillip M. , Thiel Dominik , Gotfredsen Henrik , Chen Lan , Krug Marcel , Papadopoulos Ilias , Miskolzie Mark , Torres Tomás , Clark Timothy , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: December 2023

Die Triplett‐Dynamik bei der Singulettspaltung hängt stark von der Stärke der elektronischen Kopplung ab. Kovalente Systeme in Lösung bieten eine präzise Kontrolle über solche Kopplungen. Dennoch bleibt die effiziente Erzeugung freier Triplett‐Zustände in den meisten Systemen schwer fassbar, da das intermediäre Triplett‐Paar 1(T1T1) aufgrund seiner räumlichen Begrenzung anfällig für Triplett‐Triplett‐Annihilation ist. Im Festkörper unterstützt die durch Entropie angetriebene Triplett‐Diffusion die räumliche Trennung der Triplett‐Zustände, was zu vermehrten Bildung freier Triplett‐Zustände führt. Einfluss auf die elektronische Kopplung im Festkörper zu nehmen ist jedoch herausfordernd, da sie sich mit der Anordnung der Moleküle im Festkörper ändert.. Daher haben wir ein hexameres System (HexPnc) entwickelt, um eine festkörperähnliche Triplett‐Diffusion auf molekularer Ebene zu ermöglichen. Dieses System besteht aus drei Pentacen‐Dimeren, die kovalent an ein zentrales Subphthalocyanin gebunden sind. Transiente Absorptionsspektroskopie, ergänzt durch theoretische Strukturoptimierungen und stationäre Spektroskopie, zeigt, dass die Triplett‐Diffusion tatsächlich durch intramolekulare Clusterbildung erleichtert wird. Die Ausbildung freier Triplett‐Zustände in HexPnc ist im Vergleich zum entsprechenden dimeren Referenzsystem (DiPnc) bis zu 14‐mal höher. Somit etabliert HexPnc entscheidende Designaspekte für die effiziente Triplett‐Dissoziation in stark gekoppelten Systemen, indem es Wege für die diffusive Trennung von 1(T1T1) aufzeigt. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch eine starke interchromophore Kopplung beibehalten, die die schnelle Bildung von 1(T1T1) nicht einschränkt.
Multiphasic Continuous‐Flow Reactors for Handling Gaseous Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Enhancing Efficiency and Safety in Chemical Processes
Authors: Laporte Annechien A. H. , Masson Tom M. , Zondag Stefan D. A. , Noël Timothy
Published: December 2023

The use of reactive gaseous reagents for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) remains a scientific challenge due to safety and efficiency limitations. The implementation of continuous‐flow reactors has resulted in rapid development of gas‐handling technology because of several advantages such as increased interfacial area, improved mass‐ and heat transfer, and seamless scale‐up. This technology enables shorter and more atom‐economic synthesis routes for the production of pharmaceutical compounds. Herein, we provide an overview of literature from 2016 onwards in the development of gas‐handling continuous‐flow technology as well as the use of gases in functionalization of APIs.
Reversal of Regioselectivity in Asymmetric C−H Bond Annulation with Bromoalkynes under Cobalt Catalysis**
Authors: Das Abir , Mandal Rajib , Ravi Sankar Harihara Subramanian , Kumaran Subramani , Premkumar J. Richard , Borah Dipanti , Sundararaju Basker
Published: December 2023

Metal‐catalyzed asymmetric C−H bond annulation strategy offers a versatile platform, allowing the construction of complex P‐chiral molecules through atom‐ and step‐economical fashion. However, regioselective insertion of π‐coupling partner between M−C bond with high enantio‐induction remain elusive. Using commercially available Co(II) salt and chiral‐Salox ligands, we demonstrate an unusual protocol for the regio‐reversal, enantioselective C−H bond annulation of phosphinamide with bromoalkyne through desymmetrization. The reaction proceeds through ligand‐assisted enantiodetermining cyclocobaltation followed by regioselective insertion of bromoalkyne between Co−C, subsequent reductive elimination, and halogen exchange with carboxylate resulted in P‐stereogenic compounds in excellent ee (up to >99 %). The isolation of cobaltacycle involved in the catalytic cycle and the outcome of control experiments provide support for a plausible mechanism.
Intramolecular Triplet Diffusion Facilitates Triplet Dissociation in a Pentacene Hexamer
Authors: Greißel Phillip M. , Thiel Dominik , Gotfredsen Henrik , Chen Lan , Krug Marcel , Papadopoulos Ilias , Miskolzie Mark , Torres Tomás , Clark Timothy , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens , Tykwinski Rik R. , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: December 2023

Triplet dynamics in singlet fission depend strongly on the strength of the electronic coupling. Covalent systems in solution offer precise control over such couplings. Nonetheless, efficient free triplet generation remains elusive in most systems, as the intermediate triplet pair 1(T1T1) is prone to triplet‐triplet annihilation due to its spatial confinement. In the solid state, entropically driven triplet diffusion assists in the spatial separation of triplets, resulting in higher yields of free triplets. Control over electronic coupling in the solid state is, however, challenging given its sensitivity to molecular packing. We have thus developed a hexameric system (HexPnc) to enable solid‐state‐like triplet diffusion at the molecular scale. This system is realized by covalently tethering three pentacene dimers to a central subphthalocyanine scaffold. Transient absorption spectroscopy, complemented by theoretical structural optimizations and steady‐state spectroscopy, reveals that triplet diffusion is indeed facilitated due to intramolecular cluster formation. The yield of free triplets in HexPnc is increased by a factor of up to 14 compared to the corresponding dimeric reference (DiPnc). Thus, HexPnc establishes crucial design aspects for achieving efficient triplet dissociation in strongly coupled systems by providing avenues for diffusive separation of 1(T1T1), while, concomitantly, retaining strong interchromophore coupling which preserves rapid formation of 1(T1T1).
Molecular Engineering of Perylene Diimide Polymers with a Robust Built‐in Electric Field for Enhanced Solar‐Driven Water Splitting
Authors: Chen Yi‐Jing , Zhang Jun‐Zheng , Wu Zhi‐Xing , Qiao Ying‐Xin , Zheng Lei , Wondu Dagnaw Fentahun , Tong Qing‐Xiao , Jian Jing‐Xin
Published: December 2023

The built‐in electric field of the polymer semiconductors could be regulated by the dipole moment of its building blocks, thereby promoting the separation of photogenerated carriers and achieving efficient solar‐driven water splitting. Herein, three perylene diimide (PDI) polymers, namely oPDI, mPDI and pPDI, are synthesized with different phenylenediamine linkers. Notably, the energy level structure, light‐harvesting efficiency, and photogenerated carrier separation and migration of polymers are regulated by the orientation of PDI unit. Among them, oPDI enables a large dipole moment and robust built‐in electric field, resulting in enhanced solar‐driven water splitting performance. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, oPDI exhibits the highest photocurrent of 115.1 μA cm−2 for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution, which is 11.5 times that of mPDI, 26.8 times that of pPDI and 104.6 times that of its counterparts PDI monomer at the same conditions. This work provides a strategy for designing polymers by regulating the orientation of structural units to construct efficient solar energy conversion systems.
Enzyme‐Catalyzed Oxidative Degradation of Ergothioneine
Authors: Nalivaiko Egor Y. , Vasseur Camille M. , Seebeck Florian P.
Published: December 2023

Ergothioneine is a sulfur‐containing metabolite that is produced by bacteria and fungi, and is absorbed by plants and animals as a micronutrient. Ergothioneine reacts with harmful oxidants, including singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, and may therefore protect cells against oxidative stress. Herein we describe two enzymes from actinobacteria that cooperate in the specific oxidative degradation of ergothioneine. The first enzyme is an iron‐dependent thiol dioxygenase that produces ergothioneine sulfinic acid. A crystal structure of ergothioneine dioxygenase from Thermocatellispora tengchongensis reveals many similarities with cysteine dioxygenases, suggesting that the two enzymes share a common mechanism. The second enzyme is a metal‐dependent ergothioneine sulfinic acid desulfinase that produces Nα‐trimethylhistidine and SO2. The discovery that certain actinobacteria contain the enzymatic machinery for O2‐dependent biosynthesis and O2‐dependent degradation of ergothioneine indicates that these organisms may actively manage their ergothioneine content.
Interweaved needle‐shaped α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles adorned on graphene oxide: A new class of heterogeneous catalysts for α‐alkylation of ketones and synthesis of azines
Authors: Kujur Shelly , Verma Shruti , Kumar Akash , Pathak Devendra Deo
Published: December 2023

A simple approach for synthesizing needle‐shaped α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles adorned on graphene oxide, α‐Ni(OH)2‐GO, is described. The nanocomposite was isolated as an air‐stable black powder and characterized by various instrumental techniques. The interweaved needle‐shaped morphology and the average particle diameter ~7 nm of the adorned α‐Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles were ascertained by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, respectively. The catalytic potential of the nanocomposite was scrutinized in the synthesis of monosubstituted ketones via a hydrogen autotransfer strategy and synthesis of azines via dehydrogenative pathway. The products of both reactions were isolated in excellent yields and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. α‐Ni(OH)2‐GO could be segregated and recycled for up to five cycles. The operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, non‐toxic side products, recyclability, and superior catalytic potential of the catalyst are some of the remarkable features of this protocol.
A review of advanced techniques for detecting the authenticity and adulteration of camellia oil
Authors: Farooq Shahzad , Ahmad Muhammad Ijaz , Ali Usman , Li Yang , Shixiu Cui , Zhang Hui
Published: December 2023

Camellia oil, one of the four major woody oils globally, possesses exceptional nutritional value due to its high contents of unsaturated fatty acids and functional compounds like tocopherols, phenolics, and chlorophyll. Unfortunately, due to high demand and cost, fraudsters deliberately mix lower‐quality vegetable oils with camellia oil for profits. This has raised concerns among stakeholders, prompting the need for robust authentication methods. This review provides a concise overview of various analytical techniques employed to assess the authenticity, quality, and potential adulteration of camellia oil. Several techniques, such as chromatography, isotope‐ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), plasma‐based and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)‐based techniques, as well as emerging methods like electronic noses and electronic tongues, are discussed. Notably, traditional chromatographic techniques (GC and HPLC) are reported to be time‐consuming, laborious, employ toxic chemicals, and require complicated sample pretreatments. DNA techniques also face challenges in detecting adulterants due to the complex refining processes of camellia oil, including high‐temperature decolorization and deodorization, which reduce DNA content and induce degradation. In contrast, spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared (near, mid, far) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analyses, have emerged as reliable, rapid, simple, sensitive, and accurate alternative analytical tools for the quality control of camellia oil.
Comparing age‐ and bone‐related differences in collagen fiber orientation: A case study of bats and laboratory mice using quantitative polarized light microscopy
Authors: Hieronymus Tobin Lee , Waugh David A. , Ball Hope C. , Vinyard Christopher J. , Galazyuk Alex , Cooper Lisa Noelle
Published: December 2023

As bones age in most mammals, they typically become more fragile. This state of bone fragility is often associated with more homogenous collagen fiber orientations (CFO). Unlike most mammals, bats maintain mechanically competent bone throughout their lifespans, but little is known of positional and age‐related changes in CFO within wing bones. This study tests the hypothesis that age‐related changes in CFO in big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) differ from those of the standard mammalian model for skeletal aging, the C57BL/6 laboratory mouse. We used data from quantitative polarized light microscopy (qPLM) to compare CFO across the lifespan of long‐lived big brown bats and age matched C57BL/6 mice. Eptesicus and C57BL/6 mice displayed idiosyncratic patterns of CFO. Consistent age‐related changes were only apparent in the outer cortical bone of Eptesicus, where bone tissue is more longitudinally arranged and more anisotropic in older individuals. Both taxa displayed a ring of more transversely oriented bone tissue surrounding the medullary cavity. In Eptesicus, this tissue represents a greater proportion of the overall cross‐section, and is more clearly helically aligned (arranged at 45° to the bone long axis) than similar bone tissue in mice. Bat wing bones displayed a proximodistal gradient in CFO anisotropy and longitudinal orientation in both outer and inner cortical bone compartments. This study lays a methodological foundation for the quantitative evaluation of bone tissue architecture in volant and non‐volant mammals that may be expanded in the future.