bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Plasmid Profile and Curing of Multiple Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Straw Colored Fruit Bats (Eidolon helvum )
Authors: Aladejana O. M. , Ogunlade A. O. , Thonda O. A. , Obi G.
Published: December 2024

Plasmids are well recognized to play vital roles in developing and spreading multi-drug resistance in bacteria, which pose a risk to veterinary and human health. Six multi-drug-resistant Escherichia coli were gotten from Eidolon helvum from Osun State, Nigeria. Analytical Profile Index (API) 20E kit for biochemical identification was used to confirm the identity of the isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility test using eleven different antibiotics was performed using Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion technique. The Escherichia coli was analyzed for their plasmids, and plasmid curing was done using ethidium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulphate. The results of the API 20E kits confirmed the isolates to be Escherichia coli. They were 100% resistant to ampicillin, augmentin, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ertapenem, sulfamethoxazole, and cefixime and were also 100% susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin before and after curing. Plasmid analysis revealed that all the isolates except one had plasmid. The plasmid molecular weight ranged from 9.961(kpb) to 9.369 (kpb) for the untreated isolates. while isolates treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate and ethidium bromide still had bands but with reduced molecular weight, ranging from 8.369 (kpb) to 8.462 (kpb) and 8.369 (kpb) to 8.574 (kpb) respectively. The exhibition of the same susceptibility pattern before and after curing the plasmid present in the Escherichia coli from Eidolon helvum studied suggests that they are chromosomally mediated, indicating that resistance can occur naturally in nature. Also, the results of the curing agents indicated that sodium dodecyl sulphate is a better curing agent than ethidium bromide.
EVALUATION OF LOCALLY PREPARED LIQUID BASED CYTOLOGY (LBC) TRANSPORT MEDIUM: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY
Authors: Chiwar H.M. , Clifford Z.M. , Kolo F. A. , Muhammad K.I. , Mohammed A.
Published: December 2024

This study assesses a locally formulated Liquid-Based Cytology (LBC) transport medium in comparison to conventional cytology, aiming to enhance cellular preservation and cytological accuracy. The formulation process involved careful selection of reagents based on their compatibility with cytological applications, yielding a unique medium tailored to meet specific cytological study requirements. Buccal smears from six apparently healthy adults were processed using both the locally prepared LBC transport medium and conventional cytology methods. Results revealed notable differences, including increased cellular yield and more uniform dispersion with the locally prepared LBC medium. However, challenges such as cellular dehydration and staining inconsistencies underscore the need for further optimization and validation. The locally prepared LBC medium has the potential to enhance the precision and reliability of cytological studies as well as allowing cytological samples to be revisited, as the remaining sample suspended in the LBC fluid can be stored for future use, ultimately improving diagnostic accuracy, reliability and patient care outcomes.
Chemical Variability and Fumigant Toxicity of Essential Oils from Peels of Citrus reticulata L. Native to Nigeria
Authors: Ismaeel Ridwan Olanrewaju, , Usman Ajao Lamidi , Ojumoola Olusegun Adebayo
Published: December 2024

Cowpeas infested with Callosobruchus maculatus have lower protein quality compared to the uninfected cowpeas. The affected cowpeas are usually treated with synthetic insecticides that are expensive and hazardous to man. Essential oils were established to possess insecticidal properties without detrimental effects on the users. The properties are influenced by environmental conditions that changes with time in a day and as well determine the type of chemical compounds present in the oils. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of essential oils from rinds of Citrus reticulata collected at 7.00am and 2.00pm against C. maculatus. Hydrodistillation of the pulverized (500 g each) rinds from morning and afternoon harvests afforded 0.56±0.06 % and 0.38±0.03 %(w/w) of volatile oils. GC-MS was employed to analyze the oils and the results showed abundance of D-Limonene (55.7% and 61.1%), linalool (12.5% and 16.9%), terpinen-4-ol (7.7% and 5.4%), nerol (1.1% and 4.0%) and α-terpineol (3.3% and 4.5%). The insecticidal property of the oils was examined against bean weevils using fumigant toxicity bioassay. The activity of the oils differs significantly with LT50 of 1.967 hours and 1.297 hours for the oils from the rinds of fruits harvested at 7.00am and 2.00pm respectively. The oil from the 2.00pm harvest is therefore more potent and thereby recommended as a safer insecticide against stored product insect pest, C. maculatus.
Geochemical and GMS – Modeling Approach in Characterization of Anticipated Environmental Threats of Leachate from an Open Dumpsite, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Atoma E. , Aweto, K. E
Published: December 2024

Dumping of solid waste in open dumpsites is widespread in developing countries. A major disadvantage of this waste management system is the generation of leachate; this has been a primary concern to the environment because it can percolate into the groundwater and consequently contaminate it. In this work, leachate and groundwater samples were collected from a dumpsite in Asaba and its adjoining area to ascertain the conceivable effect of leachate percolation on groundwater quality. The results of physicochemical and heavy metals analyses of leachate confirmed that its characteristics were highly variable, with severe contamination by organics, salts, and heavy metals. The BOD5/COD ratio in leachate varied from 0.08 – 0.12 mg/l, suggesting a dumpsite yet to attain final maturation but is in its late stage of the methanogenic phase. The low BOD5/COD ratio value (0.08 mg/l) observed for leachate shows some microbial activity in the decomposing leachate yet to stabilize. The plume model showed leachate infiltrating beneath the dumpsite up to depths greater than 20 m after one year. The low concentrations of significant cations, anions, heavy metals, and COD in groundwater likely indicate that leachate did not significantly affect groundwater quality. However, specific parameters such as Fe exceeded the WHO limits; the source of Fe may be related to the geology of the area. The good protective capacity around the dumpsite and groundwater mounds was a barrier against inflow from contaminated leachate.
Grotesk Figür Ekseninde Japon Ukiyo-e Sanatı
Authors: Ünal Mevlüt , Öztürk Mine Ülkü
Published: December 2024

Japon groteski, yapı olarak Japon sanatının bir türü olarak görülebilir ve Japon Ukiyo-e sanatı ile yakından ilişkili olduğuna dair izler barındırmaktadır. Japon groteski, 19. yüzyılın sonlarında popüler hale gelmiş ve genellikle ürpertici, korkunç veya yabani sahneleri içeren resimler, çizimler ve diğer görsel sanat formlarıyla sanat üslupları arasında var olmuştur. Ukiyo-e sanatında ayrıca ero-guro (erotik ve grotesk) olan bir alt sanat türünün varlığı ve Japon popüler kültüründe ve korku türünde hala popüler bir tema olarak eserlerde yer alması önceden yerel sonraları uluslararası bir hale gelmiş grotesk sanat üslubuyla arasındaki ilişkinin irdelenmesi gerekliliğini de beraberinde getirmiştir. Grotesk, Japon kültüründe bir yüksek baskı üslubu olan Ukiyo-e sanatının Japon kültürünün diğer yönleriyle bağlantılı olduğu kadar etkileşim içerisinde olan bir konsept olmuştur. Grotesk sanatın karakteristik formlarında gözlemlenen biçimde abartılı ifadeler ve çarpıtılmış diğer unsurlar, ukiyo-e sanatında da figürlerde görülebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada bir Edo dönemi sanat üslubu olan Ukiyo-e sanatının figürleri incelenerek grotesk unsurlar bağlamında iki sanat anlayışının etkileşimi incelenecektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış model olarak ise bu araştırma yönteminin alt modellerinden olan tarama modeli izlenmiştir.
A Historical Approach to The Development of Housing Policies in Türkiye
Authors: HATİPOĞLU ŞAHİN Betül
Published: December 2024

The concept of urbanization is a process that causes physical, economic and socio-cultural change and transformation of cities. The changes experienced during the urbanization process bring with them many different problems. The most important of these problems is the housing problem, which focuses on sheltering. Within the scope of this study, the housing problem in Türkiye has been examined covering the period from the declaration of the Republic to the present day. A periodization study was carried out due to the different developments that occurred in the process. The housing problem was addressed by examining different housing policies in four periods. In this context, population sizes and changes in society in each period are presented. Many different production methods such as individual production, state-assisted production, build-and-sell, cooperatives have been periodically brought up for discussion. In addition, throughout the process, the laws and regulations regarding housing were examined in detail. With the transition to the planned period, the statements regarding housing in the development plans prepared were deemed important, and detailed analyzes were made on this subject. The literature research conducted within the scope of the study allowed the housing problem to be examined from many different aspects. By examining issues such as changing laws and regulations, economic conjuncture, and differentiation of social structure in the process, the fundamental causes of the housing problem have been opened for discussion. It is anticipated that this study can be a reference source for housing researchers in Türkiye.
Türk ve Batı Sanatında Annelik ve Gebelik Olgularının Karşılaştırılması
Authors: Nükte Dinçer Melike
Published: December 2024

Gebelik ve annelik sanatın ilk dönemlerinden beri karşımıza çıkan olgulardır. Bu olguların yüzyıllar boyunca birçok sanatçıya ilham verdiği görülmektedir. Bu durum Batı sanatında ilk olarak Meryem Ana ve bebek İsa tasvirleriyle karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Türk sanatında ise özellikle Cumhuriyet Döneminden sonra anneliğin kutsallığı üzerinden ifade bulmuştur. Orta Çağ’da kadının en önemli görevinin iyi bir eş ve iyi bir anne olmak olduğu düşünüldüğü için, yapılan birçok eserde anne çocuk ve gebelik imgelerine sıklıkla rastlanmaktadır. Batı sanatının aksine Türk sanatında annelik olgusunu ele alan sanatçıların gebelik sürecini daha az işlediği ve hatta neredeyse görmezden geldiği söylenebilir. Bu durumun hem dini hem de kültürel inançlarla bir bağlantısı olduğunu söylemek yanlış olmayacaktır. Hamileliğin özellikle cinsellikle bağlantısının olması ve Türk toplumunda cinselliğin tabu haline gelmesi, gebelik olgusunu Türk sanatında daha az karşımıza çıkarmaktadır. Batı sanatında gördüğümüz cesur gebelik imgeleri, Türk sanatında yerini anneliğin kutsallığına ve bereketine bırakmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında Batı ve Türk sanatında kadın imgesinin annelik sürecini ele alan sanatçılar ve eserleri incelenmiştir. Yapılan karşılaştırmada her iki sanatta da öncelikle annelik kavramının sosyo-kültürel bakış açısıyla eserlere yansıdığı görülmektedir. Batı sanatında günümüze yaklaştıkça özellikle anneliği ve gebelik sürecini deneyimleyen kadın sanatçılar, süreci daha şeffaf bir biçimde izleyiciye sunmuştur. Türk sanatında ise gebelik sürecinden ziyade anneliğin yaşadığı zorluklara ve yüklenen sorumluluklara değinilmiştir. Araştırmanın genel akışında toplumun kadına biçtiği rollerin eleştirisi ve bu durumun görsel yansımalarının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır.
II. Dünya Savaşı Sırasında Türkiye de Yayınlanan Propaganda Afişlerinde Kadın Rolünün Göstergebilimsel Açıdan İncelenmesi
Authors: Işık Mehmet
Published: December 2024

II. Dünya savaşı geçmişte yapılan savaşlar arasında en çok insan kaybının yaşandığı savaşlardan birisi olarak bilinmektedir. Savaş sırasında savaşa katılan devletlerin, erkekleri askere göndermesiyle birlikte iş gücünde yaşanan eksiklikler kadınlara olan ihtiyacı artmıştır. Kadınlara sadece iş gücü olarak değil, savaş alanında hemşire olarak, ülke içerisinde ise erkeklere motivasyon kaynağı olması için ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu ihtiyaçlara hızlı dönüşler alabilmek içinse grafik tanıtım ürünlerinden afişler, propaganda amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Savaşa katılan ülkelerin yaşadıkları zorluklar kadar savaşa katılmayan ülkelerinde zarar gördükleri söylenebilir. Bu ülkeler ekonomik kriz yaşamamak ve halkın milli duygularını sürekli olarak zinde tutabilmek için propaganda afişleri yayınlamışlardır. Özellikle sanayi devrimiyle birlikte kadına olan değerin ve güvenin artması propaganda afişlerine de yansımış ve kadın afişlerde rol almıştır. II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında mihver ve müttefik devletlerin propaganda stratejilerinde kadının rolü ile savaşa dahil olmayan Türkiye'de yayınlanan propaganda afişlerindeki kadın figürlerinin yorumlaması ele alınmıştır. Göstergebilimsel bir yaklaşımla yapılan bu inceleme, afişlerdeki kadın rollerinin toplumun algısını nasıl şekillendirdiğini ve kadınların bu süreçte nasıl temsil edildiğini anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Makale, kadın imajlarının propaganda amaçlı kullanımını ve bu imajların ideolojik mesajların iletiminde nasıl etkili olduğunu analiz etmektedir.
Çağdaş Türk Resminin Tarihe Tanıklığı
Authors: Öztürk Mustafa
Published: December 2024

İnsanlık tarihine ışık tutan bilgilerin somut örneklerine, resim sanatının bize vermiş olduğu sınırlılıkla ulaşabilmekteyiz. İnsanlığın ilk belgesi niteliğindeki duvar resimlerinden bugüne tüm eserler, sanatsal belgeler olarak, üretildiği dönemlerin kültürel, ekonomik, sosyal, dini, siyasi, demografik yapısı hakkında bizlere bilgi verir. Dönemin ressamları eserlerini ortaya koyarken, sanatsal duyarlılık ve estetik kaygı içinde resimlerini yapmışlardır. Ayrıca eserlerin orijinal yapısına ve gerçek görüntülerine bağlı kalmışlardır. Çağdaş Türk ressamları, kırsal ve kentsel yaşamı, ekonomik zorlukları ve sosyal değişimleri eserlerine yansıtarak, o dönemin gerçekliklerini gözler önüne sermiştir. Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma tekniği kullanılarak öncelikle literatür taraması yapılmış ve konumuza örneklem olarak çağdaş Türk resmi dönemi ressamlarından, Şevket Dağ, İbrahim Çallı, Sami Yetik, Hikmet Onat, Şeref Akdik, Turgut Atalay belirlenmiş ve eserleri, betimsel içerik analiziyle incelenmiştir. Tarihe tanıklık eden bu eserlerde toplumun sosyal yaşam, kültürel özellikleri, mimari özellikleri ve ekonomik özellikleri üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmamızla, sanatın kültürel ve tarihsel bir araç olarak toplumsal hafızanın oluşmasına ve korunmasına katkıda bulunarak hizmet ettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Eserler, çağdaş Türk resminin zengin ve dinamik tarihini gözler önüne sererken, sanatın toplumsal belgeleme işlevinin, ne denli kritik bir rol oynadığını başarıyla ortaya koymaktadır.
Bilingual online dictionaries and translation tools as a source of terminology: Insights for translation pedagogy
Authors:   University of Rzeszów, Dorota Osuchowska
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to assess the reliability of online bilingual dictionaries for translating specialist terminology. The vocabulary for the test
was extracted from an official glossary of EU terminology and provided to a group of 36 English Philology students attending a basic-level
translation course. The students were asked to identify words for which they would need to use a dictionary. Additionally, they were interviewed to
determine their typical look-up strategies when confronted with unfamiliar words, collectively referred to as their standard dictionary behavior.
Then, these strategies were emulated during the test of the reference tools the students typically used. The research concludes that online reference
tools are not reliable sources for specialist terms. The results also indicate which reference skills should be introduced into the training program by
translation teachers, particularly those working with novice translators.
Keywords: Bilingual online dictionaries, comparative analysis, reliability assessment, search strategies, translation teaching
A Treatise in: (Dafe Alshubah Walzzun Fi 'Iyrab Qawlihi Azzawajal: ('Innama Amruhu 'Iyza 'Arada shayyan 'An Yaqul Lahu kun Fayakun), Wadafu Ma awradahu Alayhi Almuribun) By Shihab Al-DinAl-Khafaji (Died 1069 AH) Study and Verification
Authors: Alkubaisy Esam Fouad MuhammadAbid
Published: December 2024

Praise be to God, the praise of the grateful, and prayers and peace be upon His truthful and trustworthy Prophet, and upon his chosen family and companions. And then: This research aims to show the differences in the opinions of ancient and modern grammarians regarding the parsing of the reading of those who read: “be” Nominative or accusative the word that was mentioned in the Almighty’s saying: [His practice, when He intends to do something, is no more than He says, "Be", and it comes to be.].Some of them made the nominative case a resumption, so the estimation according to them is: “So it is” meaning the predicate of a deleted subject. Some of them went to the saying: That the nominative case in “it is” is correct for two reasons: the first is the resumption, and the second is the conjunction with the verb “he says.” The other went to the saying that the nominative case here is a conjunction with the imperative verb “be.” Just as they differed in the reading of the nominative case, they also differed in the reading of the one who put “it is” in the accusative case. They found this reading problematic, and some of them went to challenge its correctness and the impermissibility of basing it on the rules of the Arabic language. Among the modern scholars who explained this phenomenon is Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji, who devoted this treatise to it, entitled: Removing doubts and suspicions in the parsing of the Almighty’s saying: [His practice, when He intends to do something, is no more than He says, "Be", and it comes to be.] And he Removed what the parser brought against him. He detailed their statements and opinions about it and what is related to their interpretations of it.
Ecocritical Reading of Joy Harjo’s “Eagle Poem” & “Remember”
Authors: Hassan Mohamad Fleih
Published: December 2024

Joy Harjo is a renowned Native American poet whose poetry resonates with themes of survival, identity construction, spirituality, and man’s reconnection to nature. She merges the personal and collective histories, and blends music, myths, and memory to celebrate the traditions of her ancestors. She dedicates her poetry to talk about injustices against her indigenous people. Past studies dealt with themes of oppression and identity reconstruction in Harjo’s poetry, yet the investigation of the Natives’ reconnection to nature in the selected poems via Glotfelty and Fromm’s The Ecocriticism Reader: Landmarks in Literary Ecology(1996) is not done. Thus, the aim of the current article is to explore the revitalization of the indigenous voice of Harjo’s people in her ‘Eagle Poem’ and ‘Remember’ in light of the above-mentioned framework. Methodologically, the article conducts a textual analysis guided by some assumptions of the framework. The article concludes that Harjo’s celebration of the landscape and ecologicalconcerns resonate with the struggles and resilience of her marginalized people, which shows her poetics of the interconnected vision of identity and nature
A Pragmatic Study of Hyperbolic Forms in English and Iraqi Arabic Songs
Authors: Hummadi Hassan Khalaf Amer
Published: December 2024

The current study deals with hyperbole which makes use of exaggeration to convey a specific idea. Songs often employ exaggerated language to evoke powerful feelings or conjure up vivid pictures. However, they should not be interpreted literally. When it comes to songs, hyperbole is one of the most significant figurative tropes common to most languages. Since it is common in everyday speech across a variety of speech communities, its primary goal is to stress the singer’s or the speakers' points of view, emotions, sentiments, attitudes, and thoughts. This study aims at investigating hyperbole to see how the form of hyperbole varies in English and Iraqi Arabic songs; how they violate the Gricean Maxims, and how they function in songs. This is done using a qualitative method depending on an eclectic model at two levels: form and function. Data is collected by downloading songs from YouTube with a highly view rate and eliciting selected hyperbolic expression in six songs; four hyperbolic expressions from each language. The results indicated that Iraqi songs use the hyperbolic form of comparison and repetition more than English do, though both English and Iraqi songs violate the quality maxim, the latter also violate manner and relation maxims, as for the function,both use the hyperbole to denote emphasis and the English songs stress the function of surprise and vagueness heavily.
The Call of the Prophets’Names in The HolyQuran -A Statistical Linguistic Study
Authors: Abdul Rahman Ahmad Abdul Razzaq
Published: December 2024

Calling is a method of speech in the Arabic language, and a way of communication between the speaker and the addressee for connection, closeness, and understanding. The aim of this research is to identify the methods of calling the names of the prophets in the Qur'an: a statistical linguistic study. It is undeniable that the called can be divided into two categories: the first is the fixed called, and the second is the declinable (nominative) called. The fixed called consists of two types: the singular proper noun and the indefinite noun meant. As for the declinable called, it includes the indefinite noun not meant, the added called, and the similar called.
A Sociopragmatic Study of Requests Used by Iraqi Undergraduate and Postgraduate University Students of English
Authors: Hussein Juma'a Qadir
Published: December 2024

Social aspects are essential for comprehending EFL learners' tactics in performing requesting speech acts. Ignorance of these factors could result in a practical inability to understand the requested speech acts. The study examines how Iraqi undergraduate and postgraduate university students of English express their requests similarly or differently regarding power and solidarity at the university level. Data were gathered from 130 Iraqi undergraduate students and 60 postgraduate students of English through a written discourse completion task. The participants were chosen usingboth random and non-random convenience sampling methods. The data were analyzed statistically using the request speech act taxonomy proposed by Blum-Kulka et al. (1989). The data indicate that power and solidarity affected the polite requests of both respondent groups. The study's findings recommend that English educators instruct on suitable ways for doing speech acts of request. This would improve the EFL learners’ pragmatic knowledge, leading to efficient communication with their interlocutors.
Mobilization and Institutions: Explaining and Understanding the Intersection
Authors: Ogunbanjo Bimbo
Published: December 2024

This paperhighlights howinstitutions often shape the paths available for political involvement. Many formal, lawful, and effective institutional avenues for people to express their aspirations are associated with significant extra-institutional action; this is one of the most significant conclusions drawn from the mobilization literature. With institutions serving as the independent variable, mostscholarly studies haveconcentrated onhow institutions affect mobilization. There is also a smaller body of study that examines the effects of mobilization on formal institutions, particularly aboutparty politics, voting processes, and legal frameworks. Additionally, a large number of academics have examined institutions inside movements as well as movements within institutions as worthwhile areas of study. This paperidentifies fourteen consensus propositionsabout the connections between institutions and mobilization. Although these fourteen conclusions are frequently taken for granted, further empirical testing is necessary to assess their robustness over a larger number of situations and historical periods. For this reason, they are given as testable hypotheses. The next section outlines three main obstacles to determining more widespread causal patterns: (1) a conceptual ambiguity in defining pertinent "institutions" as study subjects; (2) a dearth of worldwide data on protest and mobilization that could produce empirical findings that are broadly applicable; and (3) a historical propensity to extrapolate conclusions from a limited number of Western cases. Toimprove our collective grasp of the links between these notions, a few substantive and methodological approaches are suggested in the paper's conclusion.
Interpretation of SuratAl-Qadr by Sheikh Ahmad bin Muhammad Al-Suhaimi (deceased in 1178 AH) from his statement: "And a specific night is committed" from page (5) to page (7), up to his saying: "If they revive it; they would be most worthy of being called 'worshippers'" -Study and Verification
Authors: Al-Fahdawi Diyaa Faisal Muhammad Antar
Published: December 2024

In this research, I discussed two aspects: The first chapter: The author's personal and scientific life, by explaining: his name, lineage, title, birth, upbringing, death, students, mentors, and his writings.The second part of the research, I dedicated to the verified text, where I explained the author's interpretation of Surah Al-Qadr, and the virtue of reviving this great night due to its great reward. As God Almighty says: "The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months" (1). The author explained the interpretation of this noble verse, when this blessed night occurs during the nights of Ramadan, its signs, the great reward for those who revive this blessed night, the recommended supplication to be said during it, and the reason for the revelation of this blessed surah.
The Dynamics of Commercial Movement on Both Sides of Al-mustawda Street in Ramadi City–A Study in Economic Geography
Authors: Ali Abdulsalam Arif Abdulrazzaq
Published: December 2024

The study of commercial places and streets is one of the modern studies in economic geography. The importance of the subject is to shed light on the most important commercial streets in the city of Ramadi, which is Al-Mustawda street, and the goal is because it represents a place of functional attraction and spatial interaction by studying commercial activities in it with the aim of knowing the dynamics of commercial movement that was very fast, especially after the stability witnessed by the governorate upon returning from displacement to reach the most dominant commercial pattern and the most influential on the structure of the street by knowing the numbers and types of commercial and service establishments and studying the status of shoppers and visitors to it and their nature and the problems they face through a field survey. The descriptive and quantitative approach was used in the work and using the questionnaire form that was distributed to the study sample. Theresearch concluded that the street and its features are important and benefited commercial establishments from it, such as the geographical location in the city center and ease of access to it.
Poetry Utopia as The Theme of Jamal Sharbaziri in The Collection of Poems -Volume 2 as an Example
Authors: Abdulkarim Abdulqadir Nuri , Ahmad Dawlat Muhammad
Published: December 2024

Utopia from the perspective of Thomas Moore is to build a fantasy world instead of the real world that we are in now. It is built in the imagination, thought and unconsciousnessof human due to certain situations. The start of this idea dates back to Plato's thought of creating the Ideal Society as an alternative to the reality. Utopia has its own great effect on literature in general and poetry specifically. The idea of Utopia in the world of poetry has an appropriate foundation in the construction of poetry utopia. Hence, this research is an attempt to find the structure and evolution of Utopia and its relation to poetry as well as to embody it in the texts. We have searched thepoems of the poet Jamal Sharbaziri as good samples to work on. His great poems have impressive knowledge structure and poetic Utopia tendencies.
The Philosophy of Numbers in The Holy Quran
Authors: Al-Dulaimi AhmedJassim Abed , Al-Hiti Zaid Qasim Muhammad
Published: December 2024

This research delves into the prominent phenomenon of numbers within the Quranic context. Through a careful examination of numerous verses,it becomes evident that numbers in the Quranic text carry profound meanings that extend far beyond their literal numerical value. This study reveals a rich tapestry of literary devices,precision in imagery,and delicacy in expression.The first part of this research focuses on the direct semantic context of numerical terms,examining how the Quranic context imbues numbers with meanings andconnotations not found in other texts. The second part explores the indirect semantic context,analyzing the use of non-explicit numerical expressions. Overall,this research encompasses both simple numbers (such as one,two,three,and five),compound numbers,and terms derived from the root word "number," such as "counted," "countable," and "quantity." This study offers a modest contribution to the understanding of the significance and beauty of numbers in the Quran,demonstrating how the Quranic contextcan reveal new meanings through various linguistic devices.
The Eloquence of Argumentationand Its Impact on Critical Thinking in Al-Sijlmassi: "A Study on the Branching and Evolution of Terminology"
Authors: Mahmood Nihad Fakhri
Published: December 2024

Objective:The study aims to explore the rhetoric of argumentation by enriching the critical and rhetorical heritage with insights that reveal the dynamics of influence and interaction across cultures that have synergized to enhance criticism and rhetoric. These insights also contribute to the development of relevant terminology, as philosophical thought and logical reasoning were among the most significant influences in this heritage. Methodology:It is well-known to specialists that argumentation emerges at a later stage of composition, as it leverages pragmatics as a driving force to achieve its purpose. Therefore, the study focuses on examining the relationships within argumentation and some of its branches, aiming to uncover the logical and philosophical forces utilized by Al-Sijilmassi in refining and regulating his terminology. Significance:The importance of this study lies in the fact that it addresses an independent field of knowledge that has sparked debates among scholars and linguists for centuries. It seeks to prepare the audience’s mind for the constructed rhetorical event and challenge pre-existing mental influences. The importance of argumentation lies in understanding the rhetorical techniques employed by the sender, which rendered the message acceptable to the audience. Indeed, argumentation as a theory was developed within the realms of logic, philosophy, and pragmatic linguistics. Summary and Results: This study deals with a phenomenon that reveals the evolution of terminology and the mechanisms of argumentation that contributed to its production. Therefore, it requires thorough examination to uncover its diverse forms in light of the historical development of terminology over the centuries.
Human Rights in the Laws of Ancient Iraq
Authors: Muhammed Hamed Qassem
Published: December 2024

At a very early period, Iraqis enjoyed political rights through public councils that some researchers have called primitivedemocracy. Despite the decline of the democratic function of these councils with the formation of the unified state in ancient Iraq and their becoming administrative bodies subordinate to the authority, their primary role in the early eras of ancient Iraq(the era of the Sumerian city-states) cannot be ignored.
Social Characteristics of The Male Work Forcein Education Sector in Ramadi City Between2022-2023
Authors: Al-Obaidi Hind Waleed Farhan
Published: December 2024

The research aims to know the social characteristics of the workforce in the education sector in the city of Ramadi, which includes teachers and instructors who are the basis of the educational system. The teacher is the heart of the community and is responsible for conveying knowledge, information, skills and abilities and investing them in order to transform them into sustainable educational standards to contribute to forming the learner's personality to complete the educational process. The distribution of the workforce for educational bodies in the city of Ramadi in terms of educational levels came according to statistical standards that were followed and highlighted the disclosure of the academic specializations of the workforce and marital status and showing the extent of the impact of health conditions in addition to the distribution of craftsmen and service employees and marital status and the amount of monthly income for craftsmen and service employees in the city of Ramadi.
Questions Analysis of the Geography Book for The Sixth Literary Grade in Iraq Considering Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Al-Alusi Hassan Ziyad
Published: December 2024

The research aimed to analyze the questions of the geography book for the sixth literary grade in Iraq considering problem-solving skills. The descriptive approach was used, using the content analysis method. The results showed that the book included (57) repetitions of problem-solving skills, and the problem analysis skill came in first place with (22) repetition, and the decision-making skill ranked second with (18) repetitions, then the problem identification skill ranked last with (17) repetitions. The research found that less than half of the questions and activities of the geography book for the sixth literary grade in Iraq included problem-solving skills, with a percentage of (41%) of the questions and activities, but it is not a weak percentage, and all problem-solving skills and their sub-indicators included in the tool are available in close percentages, except for some indicators.
Comércio Cultural no Sítio Histórico de Olinda
Authors: Ramos Graziella Reis Lôbo , Patrícia Tayanne Gonçalves , Martins Vanessa da Silva
Published: December 2024

Este presente ensaio é proveniente da etnografia que realizamos em Olinda, baseado no Mercado cultural do Sítio Histórico do município. A etnografia desenvolvida, propôs outra forma de ver o Sítio histórico de Olinda, sobre os diversos espaços comerciais do local, levando em consideração as pessoas que constroem e dão vida àqueles lugares. Produzindo imagens e vídeos na construção do quadro de histórias contadas pelos atores da economia cultural, nos permitindo refletir e repensar sobre o local e sua relação com a cultura a partir da pesquisa etnográfica.    
O ensaio nos permitiu construir um cenário em movimento, que apresentam pontos comerciais culturais do cotidiano do Sítio Histórico olindense, em torno de um roteiro, focando em alguns espaços do município, foram eles: Mercado Eufrásio Barbosa, Mercado da Ribeira, Mercado de artesanato da Sé, Loja Ecológica de artesanato e a Feirinha do Alto da Sé, situados nos bairros do Varadouro, Carmo e Alto da Sé, respectivamente. Sendo possível compreender o funcionamento do comércio local de Olinda, nos fazendo enxergar que ele vai muito além de um sistema de venda e compra, existindo todo um contexto cultural por trás disso. Realizar essa pesquisa abriu nossos olhos para ver todos os pontos positivos e negativos que os comerciantes enfrentam todos os dias. E ao escutar todas as histórias de vida dos comerciantes até o momento deles chegarem a trabalhar na localidade, nos fez entender que, geralmente, a tradição ainda bastante forte nessas localidades, onde tudo é repassado de geração para geração.
O ensaio apresentado usou as fotografias como estratégia para uma melhor compreensão sobre os aspectos culturais que relacionam a cidade e o comércio, contendo o objetivo de expor a paisagem (representante do espaço urbano), a cultura (as obras produzidas pelos artesões) e o comércio (o forte elo entre a cidade e a cultura), notando assim as noções de poder cultural no ensaio, uma vez que, aproxima e associa comércio e cultura.
O trabalho foi realizado em abril de 2023, ao longo de cinco imersões a campo.
НАЦІОНАЛЬНА ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНА БЕЗПЕКА: СПІВВІДНОШЕННЯ КОНЦЕПЦІЙ НА СУЧАСНОМУ ЕТАПІ РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДЕРЖАВНОСТІ
Authors: КАМЕНСЬКИЙ Д. В. , ВОЗНЮК А. А.
Published: December 2024

Статтю присвячено дослідженню формальних та прикладних зв’язків між концепціями національної та економічної безпеки України. Встановлено, що економічна безпека є здебільшого складовою частиною національної безпеки, яка, своєю чергою, являє собою складний, багатоелементний феномен. За результатами фахового опрацювання численних наукових джерел наголошено на тому, що лише спільні фахові зусилля українських правників та економістів дозволять запропонувати більш універсальне й водночас глибоке розуміння національної безпеки, стратегічних пріоритетів нашої держави у сфері національної та економічної безпеки, а також порівняти стратегічну політику нашої держави в цих напрямах із аналогічними документами в державах-партнерах України. Зазначено, що для подальшого розвитку в цьому напрямі важливо ретельно проаналізувати в порівняльному контексті зміст вітчизняних та зарубіжних стратегій національної та економічної безпеки. Аргументовано позицію про те, що такий пропонований підхід відповідатиме глобальним трендам сучасного світу і водночас дозволить ефективно реагувати на регіональні та глобальні загрози й конфлікти.
Аргументовано позицію про те, що об’єднання зусиль українських науковців, як правників, так і економістів, дозволить удосконалити доктринальні підходи до тлумачення національної безпеки України та її стратегічних пріоритетів. Такий підхід також дозволить порівняти стратегію національної безпеки нашої держави з аналогічними програмними документами держав-партнерів.
Наголошено на тому, що майбутні наукові дослідження в окресленому напрямі доцільно зосередити на детальному порівняльному аналізі національних і зарубіжних стратегій у сфері національної та економічної безпеки. Такий підхід не лише відповідатиме глобальним тенденціям XXI століття, але й сприятиме адекватному реагуванню на регіональні й глобальні виклики, зокрема ті, які наразі постають перед Україною у складній геополітичній ситуації.
ВІДМЕЖУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ЗРАДИ ВІД КОЛАБОРАЦІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: КНИЖЕНКО О. О.
Published: December 2024

У науковій статті проводиться відмежування таких складів кримінальних правопорушень як колабораційна діяльність та державна зрада. Обґрунтовано, що в колабораційній діяльності присутній додатковий факультативний об’єкт (життя та право власності), а окремі її форми  прояву потребують установлення спеціального предмета – матеріальних ресурсів. Різняться вказані діяння між собою й суб’єктом, оскільки колабораційна діяльність може бути вчинена не тільки громадянином України, а й іноземцем та особою без громадянства. Обстоюється позиція, що основним критерієм розмежування є наявність або відсутність виконання завдання іноземної держави, організації чи їх представників. Допоміжними критеріями є час та обстановка, оскільки колабораційна діяльність, як правило, вчиняється на вже окупованих  територіях або принаймні за вже розпочатого збройного конфлікту чи в умовах воєнного стану. Звертається увага на те, що умисел у державні зраді нерозривно пов’язаний з констатацією факту наявності зв’язку громадянина України з іноземною державою, її організаціями чи їх представниками, спрямованого на шкоду інтересам України. Вчиняючи державну зраду, особа може діяти на користь будь-якої держави, а в разі колабораційної діяльності особа здійснює діяння тільки на користь держави-агресора.
Зазначено, що перехід на бік ворога у формі добровільної участі громадянина України у незаконних збройних чи воєнізованих формуваннях, створених на тимчасово окупованій території та/або у збройних формуваннях держави-агресора, або надання допомоги таким формуванням у веденні бойових дій проти Збройних Сил України від спільної діяльності, на практиці неможливо відмежувати.
Це зумовлює наявність різної судової практики, яка перешкоджає реалізації права на справедливий суд. Вирішити зазначену проблему запропоновано декількома шляхами: 1) внести зміни до чинного кримінального законодавства, трактуючи вислів «перехід на бік ворога» таким чином, щоб його зміст відрізнявся від зазначеного прояву спільної діяльності; 2) виключити з колабораційної діяльності як прояву колабораціонізму добровільну участь громадянина України у незаконних збройних чи воєнізованих формуваннях, створених на тимчасово окупованій території та/або у збройних формуваннях держави-агресора, чи надання таким формуванням допомоги в ведення бойових дій проти Збройних Сил України, оскільки ці дії є переходом на бік противника; 3) давати висновки на рівні Верховного Суду, керуючись положеннями ст. 434-1 Кримінального процесуального кодексу України, що забезпечить однакове застосування положень кримінального законодавства.
ПРАВОВИЙ АСПЕКТ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ЗАХИСТ УКРАЇНИ»
Authors: МИРОШНИЧЕНКО В. О.
Published: December 2024

Стаття вивчає правовий аспект професійної підготовки майбутніх викладачів предмету «Захист України», що потрібен для ефективного правового виховання молодого покоління. Ключовими аспектами у цьому процесі є формування практичних навичок, правової культури, соціально-психологічної та методичної готовності педагогів. Наголос зроблено на використанні у педагогічних університетах сучасних технологій та інтерактивних методів для розвитку правового мислення та патріотичних цінностей. Визначено, що сучасні виклики в галузі національної безпеки України вимагають активної участі вчителів у формуванні правосвідомості учнів. Підкреслено, що успішна підготовка викладачів потребує не лише знань у галузі права, але й урахування індивідуальних особливостей та застосування інноваційних педагогічних підходів.
Окреслено структурну модель готовності педагога до здійснення правовиховної діяльності. Моделювання процесу підготовки здобувачів вищої педагогічної освіти до правового виховання спрямоване на визначення ключових напрямів цієї підготовки, забезпечення її системності та цілісності в умовах модернізації та розвитку вищої педагогічної освіти. Застосування визначеної структурної моделі у процесі підготовки студентів до виховної роботи передбачає впровадження інноваційних дидактичних технологій і оновлення змісту педагогічної освіти.
За результатами дослідження зроблено висновок про те, що ефективна підготовка викладачів дисципліни «Захист України» вимагає комплексного підходу, врахування індивідуальних особливостей здобувачів освіти та використання сучасних методів навчання. Формування у майбутніх педагогів необхідних знань і навичок у сферах конституційного права, правового виховання та національної безпеки є важливим чинником розвитку громадянської свідомості та утвердження патріотичних цінностей серед молоді.
Здійснене наукове дослідження підкреслює важливість забезпечення викладачів необхідними компетентностями для виховання громадян України, які свідомо дотримуються своїх обов'язків та знають свої права.
Sosyal Biliş ve Sosyal Bilinç
Authors: Vogeley Kai
Published: December 2024

Bilişsel nörobilim son yıllarda dikkatini bir zamanlar felsefenin klasik temaları olan (öz) bilinç ve özneler-arasılık konularına çevirmiştir. Burada sosyal biliş kendi-öteki ayrımı ve kendi-öteki değişimi ile ilgili bilişsel performanslar için genel bir terim olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hastalık/bozukluk fenomenleriyle de ilgili olan önemli bir ayrım, sezgisel-önrefleksif ya da çıkarımsal-refleksif olarak gerçekleşebilen süreçlerin aşamalarıyla ilgilidir. Eğer bu sosyal bilişsel süreçler öznel olarak deneyimlenebilir ve üzerine düşünülebilirse, sosyal bilinçten de makul bir şekilde söz edilebilir. Bilinçli olunmayan ve bilinçli süreçler birbiriyle iç içedir ve sosyal biliş performansımızı meydana getirirler. Bu noktada sosyal nörobilim de ilgili nöral mekanizmalar ile tanımlanmak istenen bu sosyal performansların, doğa (bilimleri) çerçevesinde açıklanabileceği varsayımı ile kurulmuştur.
Türkiye’de Doğal Sit Alanları Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planlama Süreci: Güvenpark Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı
Authors: Özkir Duygu , Demirel Öner
Published: December 2024

Türkiye'deki doğal sit alanları, ülkemizin doğal ve ekolojik değerlerini korumak amacıyla özel olarak korunan alanlardır. Bu alanların korunması, biyolojik çeşitliliğin devamlılığını sağlamak, ekosistem hizmetlerini güvence altına almak ve sürdürülebilir kalkınmayı desteklemek için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki doğal sit alanlarının tanımı, nitelikleri ile doğal sit alanlarına yönelik hazırlanan koruma amaçlı imar planlarının inceleme ve onay aşamalarına ilişkin yasal ve yönetsel mevzuat çerçevesi çizilmiş, güncel görev ve yetkilere değinilmiştir. Yoğun nüfus ve yapılaşma baskısı altında olan bir doğal sit alanının tescil öncesi, sonrası ve planlama süreci ile inceleme yapılması amaçlanmış ve çalışma alanı olarak Güvenpark Doğal Sit Alanı seçilmiştir.
Yapılan çalışmada, öncelikle materyal olarak seçilen Güvenpark doğal sit alanı ve yakın çevresi ile ilgili geçmişten günümüze kadar olan tarihsel süreç ve mekânsal değişim süreci incelenmiştir. Devamında alana yönelik olarak Cumhuriyetin ilanından günümüze kadar ki planlama süreçleri kapsamında, 2018 tarihli Güvenpark 1. Derece Doğal Sit Alanı ve Etkileşim Geçiş Sahasına İlişkin Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı ile 2020 tarihli Güvenpark 1. Derece Doğal Sit Alanı Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı detaylı olarak irdelenmiştir.
Manajemen Konten Dakwah Youtube Salam Televisi
Authors: St Feri Wahyudi S
Published: December 2024

Akun youtube Salam Televisi terus melakukan upload konten-konten dakwah di media youtube, akan tetapi dengan berkembangnya subscriber (pelanggan) pada akun ini terjadi kejanggalan yaitu kurangnya daya tarik konten-konten dakwah yang disajikan dan tidak signifikannya jumlah subcriber yang ada di dalam akun tersebut dengan viewers yang seharusnya terdapat konsistensi yang relevan antara dua hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengelolaan konten dakwah youtube Salam Televisi. Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menerangkan bahwa bahwa manajemen pada konten dakwah youtube Salam Televisi telah dilakukan sesuai dengan unsur-unsur dan fungsi-fungsi manajerial, akan tetapi terdapat beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki, diupdate dan  dievaluasi agar konten dakwah pada akun youtube Salam Televisi dapat berkembang, stabil dan menarik bagi subcribers, di antara hal yang harus diperbaiki ialah fokus kepada satu akun saja untuk dikelola, mengurangi rangkap jabat dan multitasking, menggunakan aplikasi yang sudah sah dan asli, memperbaiki metode pengembangan subcribers, membuat konten khusus dan upload pada waktu framming serta membuat evaluasi khusus