bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hubungan Interaksi Sosial Dengan Kualitas Hidup Lansia Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bangkala Kelurahan Biring Romang
Authors: Amin Kurniawan , Sigit Mulyono  , Lili Herlina
Published: June 2020

Quality of life is a level that describes the advantages of an individual that can be assessed from their lives. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of social interaction with the quality of life of the elderly in the work area of Bangkala Health Center, Kel. Biring Romang, Kec Manggala, Makassar City. Method: This research is a quantitative study with a type of research with cross-sectional studies with a sample size of 219 respondents using a computerized application of SPSS 20 Che Square test. The results showed that interaction using social media in the elderly P-value = 0,000, which means there is a significant relationship between quality of life in the elderly in the area of Bangkala Health Center, Kel. Biring Romang, Kec. Manggala, Makassar City. Conclusion: There is a relationship between quality of life in the elderly, therefore it is expected that an elderly person should slowly be acquainted with so that in the process of daily life can do social interaction

Keywords: Social Interaction, Quality of Life.
Reflexões sobre o projeto de reprodução entre assalariados
Authors: Giuliani Paola Cappellin
Published: June 2020

Sem resumo.
A Comparative Study of Multiple Regression Analysis and Back Propagation Neural Network Approaches on Predicting Financial Strength of Banks: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Alsaawy Yazed , Alkhodre Ahmad , Benaida Mohammed , Khan Rafi Ahmad
Published: June 2020

The main motivation of this study is to forecast the performance of Indian banks using multiple regression analysis and artificial neural network and to compare these two methods for the accuracy. To achieve this goal, financial data spread over 10 years from 2010 to 2019 was collected from 19 Indian public sector banks. The data consists of 17 financial ratios collected from financial statements and other publications of the sample organizations. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CRAR) has been chosen as dependent variable for measuring and predicting the financial strength of banks. Identification of significant ratios that are determinants of CRAR are identified by using regression technique then these identified ratios are used as input for a developing a neural network model. The findings of multi-linear regression analysis identified 7 financial ratios that have a positive relationship between with dependent variable (CRAR). These 7 dependent variables were used to predict the financial strength (CRAR) of the Banks. Then a feed forward back propagation neural network was developed with these 7 dependent variables to predict the CRAR. Finally, the performances of these two methods were measured by using the Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE). The results indicate that ANN model scores an improvement of 55.67% in MSE over regression model. In RMSE which re-scales the errors in order to keep the errors’ dimension as the predicted value, ANN model scores an improvement of 33.425% over regression model. It also indicates that ANN model scores an improvement of 99.32% over regression model in MAPE which measures the magnitude of absolute errors in relative terms. Results show that ANN model outperforms the regression model and is superior technique of forecasting CRAR of Indian Banks.
Bridging the Gap - Towards a Transatlantic Approach to Reducing Inequality
Authors: Mukherjee Sergio , Sandvik Håvard
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Next Frontline of the Battle Against the Islamic State? Southeast Asia
Authors: Owen Elani
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Red Army Faction
Authors: Weil Ari
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Old History in the "New" Cuba
Authors: Drake Elizabeth L. , Davidow Jamie C.
Published: June 2020

This article examines the reasons why racism persists in Cuba more than fifty years after the 1959 Revolution in which Fidel Castro promised Afro-Cubans to eradicate racism from the island. More specifically, it investigates Cuba’s racist history and concludes that the enduring problem cannot be resolved by economic and social policies alone. While Fidel Castro introduced social and economic reform, his prohibition of discussion on the controversial topic of race relations due to his desire to maintain control prevented a resolution of institutional racism.

After the fall of the USSR, the Cuban government implemented temporary economic liberalization policy reforms that remain today.3 Under Raúl Castro’s leadership the economy continues to expand.4 However, as the economy broadens by moving towards a free-market model, there is an increase in both economic and social exclusivity stemming from the racist history of slavery on the island. Thus, Afro-Cubans lack the ability to participate in the free market aspect of the Cuban economy, placing them at an economic disadvantage. While current literature discusses Cuba in terms of either economic or social factors, authors Drake and Davidow take a holistic approach by investigating the relationship between Cuba’s enduring history of social and economic inequality that Afro- Cubans encounter today. Finally, the authors introduce proposals promoting greater racial equality for Afro-Cubans.
The Philippines Mystery
Authors: You Hyung Jun
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Strategic Convergence of Sectarianism and Geopolitics
Authors: Hoffmann Jonathan Alexander
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Exercising Agency
Authors: O'Hara Phoebe
Published: June 2020

Drawing on verbal interviews with twelve young Saudi women, Erving Goffman’s conception of the “front and backstage,” and Saba Mahmood’s articulation of agency, this paper shows that in a changing authoritarian state, women must navigate spaces that are either controlled by the family or the state and that the behavior of young Saudi women differs depending on the space that they are in. I argue that even amidst changing state policies aimed at altering female behavior in public spaces, familial structures remain the key determinant of female behavior in Saudi Arabia. Despite the recent elimination of sex segregation from public spaces, certain new public behaviors are redefining traditional Saudi patriarchal systems of control within the context of these newly organized sites. Collectively, these arguments demonstrate that the experiences of Saudi women change from one space to another and cannot be reduced to a singular narrative or experience.
The Rise of Illiberal Peacebuilding and Authoritarian Modes of Conflict Management
Authors: Cheung Harold
Published: June 2020

No abstract available.
Discerning Iran
Authors: Perwaiz Sohaib
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Cornell and the Marshall Plan (1947-1951)
Authors: Ferri Laurent
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Hippie and the Snake-Eater
Authors: Lin David
Published: June 2020

An early-2008 Foreign Policy index found that 88% of active and retired American servicemen and women agree that the war in Iraq has stretched the United States military dangerously thin. Another 60% think that the US military today is weaker than it was five years ago. 74% of those surveyed hold low regards for the civilian leadership expressing that civilian policymakers set unreasonable goals for the US military to accomplish. With current military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan serving as backdrops, these inflections serve as the basis of a much-needed conversation on the evolving roles and responsibilities of civilian and military agencies in the post-conflict environment.
The immediate solutions to the military’s frustrations have been logical if not only reactionary or temporary stopgaps. If the military is stretched too thin, then expand it. Over the next five years there will be substantial increases in the Army and Marine Corps by as much as over 90,000 troops. If the military is weakening, then strengthen it. The President’s 2008 defense budget pushes defense spending to levels not seen since the Reagan Administration, bringing with it a slew of new military hardware meant to keep the US military on the cutting edge of technology and flexible in the face of emerging threats. If the military is lacking comprehensive training and doctrine to combat insurgencies, then revise doctrine. In December 2007, the US Army and Marine Corps revamped their Counterinsurgency Field Manual, the first time in over two decades either service had published a field manual devoted to counterinsurgency.3
The next President of the United States will face a dynamic range of transnational threats that will likely make us rethink the way modern wars are fought. From terrorism and counterinsurgency to combating the spread of weapons of mass destruction, from illicit trafficking of drugs, people, and guns back to traditional conventional warfare with rising superpowers such as China and Russia, the United States must maintain a variety of diplomatic and military responses at its disposal. As emerging threats in the twenty-first century appear to be rooted at the nexus of security and development, a single-sided military solution cannot fully resolve a multi-dimensional problem. There is a need to develop a more comprehensive civil-military approach to combating terrorism, insurgency, and asymmetric warfare, something that has not fully materialized on the strategic or on the operational level. In order to do this, there is a need to tear down the stereotypes and reintroduce the hippie (statesmen) to the snake-eater (soldier).
Financial Crisis and Regulatory Challenges
Authors: Prada Michel
Published: June 2020

A number of reports have established a diagnosis of the financial crisis. The first was produced by the Financial Stability Forum, in April 2008 and was the basis for the preparation of the first G 20 meetings in 2008. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the G 30 produced updated analysis in 2008 and 2009. More recently, the Larosière Group, although mainly focused on E.U. issues, also addressed global concerns , as well as the Adair Turner report which presented the new regulatory strategy of the UK Financial Services Authority (FSA). The main features of this unprecedented financial crisis are linked to immense and growing global imbalances between the Asian and US economies which provided the world with abundant liquidity, low interest rates together with low inflation (due to low wages in emerging countries) and a geographic mismatch between savings and investment needs and opportunities.
The Case for America's Continued Superpower Status
Authors: Shiraev Dennis , Gibson Grant
Published: June 2020

Is America really in decline as a global superpower? We examine current arguments for America’s economic decline and argue that a purely economic analysis is insufficient for evaluating a country’s status as a global superpower. Our comprehensive definition of superpower incorporates military strength, internal stability, and the global attractiveness of a state’s culture and ideology that it presents to the rest of the world. America is the only state fitting of this comprehensive definition of a superpower in the 21st century, while all other states frequently cited as emerging global powers fail to meet the criteria we lay out in this paper.
The Modern Foreign Policy of Russia
Authors: Khudoley Konstantin K. , Tkachenko Stanislav L.
Published: June 2020

Over the two decades of post-Soviet history of modern Russia, its foreign policy has gone through several distinct periods and long-term trends.

The periodization of the new Russia’s foreign policy includes a “romantic” or “Kozyrev’s” period, during which the leaders of a democratic Russia tried to integrate the country into a system of institutions and partnerships with the leading Western states. Kozyrev’s departure from his post as foreign minister in January 1996 and the arrival of a new foreign minister, who would later become the Prime Minister, a “political heavyweight” of modern Russia Yevgeny Primakov, marked a change in the strategic direction of the country’s foreign policy. The key definition of this period was “multipolarity.”

The arrival of Vladimir Putin to the Kremlin in early 2000, marked a new stage in the development of Russia’s diplomacy. At first it was characterized by attempts to build relations of partnership on an equal footing with Washington and NATO countries in the anti-terrorist coalition, and then, from about 2003, by a gradual build up of contradictions between Russia and the United States. During this period (2000-2008) a special feature of Russia’s foreign policy was its increased assertiveness in relation to the neighboring CIS countries. After the election of Dmitry Medvedev as president in March 2008 Russia has been busy searching for a new strategy for its foreign policy, which would retain some of the achievements of previous periods, but would also be more cooperative toward the leading nations of the world. Such policy should create a favorable external climate for the modernization of Russia’s political system and its national economy.
NATO's Dilemma
Authors: Shabab Safwan B.
Published: June 2020

On the 60th anniversary of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's founding, Afghanistan provides a unique opportunity for the alliance to prove its strength beyond Europe and combat global security threats from terrorism and instability.2
Human Trafficking, the Japanese Commercial Sex Industry, and the Yakuza
Authors: Jones Amanda
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
The Same Bed
Authors: Rizzi Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

This analysis of U.S.-China relations was motivated by what I perceived to be misplaced "controversy" over Obama's China visit in autumn 2009 and his subsequent policy initiatives, which despite all of the public scorn are really no different from those of previous administrations. The paper singles out a rarely-articulated coherent logic in the history of U.S. foreign policy towards China, one that I argue can also predict U.S. policy in the present and future.
Letter from Tunisia
Authors: Elyès Jouini
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
A Pacifist in the Pacific
Authors: Long Sean K.
Published: June 2020

Myanmar, sitting on the border between South and Southeast Asia, reflects a historically oppressive state with internal struggle as surrounding countries compete for influence. In 1990, the government promised multi-party elections only to ignore the results and imprison advocates for democracy, including Aung San Suu Kyi, the face of Myanmar’s democratic movement. Afterwards, the United States adopted economic sanctions and restricted ties with the country. Recently, leaders in Myanmar have reached out to the United States for the first time in decades. With policy towards Myanmar at a crossroads, how can the United States pursue its own interests while influencing Myanmar’s slow transition to political and economic change?
Liberal Opposition
Authors: Kuhn Sam
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Soft Power Deployment on the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Shykov Oleksandr
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Realism Versus Idealism at Nuremburg
Authors: Campbell-Mohn Emma
Published: June 2020

The creation of the Nuremberg Court following World War II exemplified international cooperation, particularly between the Great Powers: the United States, France, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain. Expounding the benefits of justice and the rule of law, the Nuremberg Trials are often viewed as the pinnacle of Wilsonian idealism. However, further examination reveals the actions of the Roosevelt administration were not derived from a united Cabinet seeking to realize broad principles of humanitarian justice and equality. Instead of being a unified decision based on these values, the reasoning behind the creation of the Nuremberg Court was hotly disputed. The Court was formed for multiple reasons: to ensure that Germany could not claim restitution for wartime losses; to prevent formation of a new court directed by the United Nations; and to punish Germany for its crimes. Therefore, the reasoning behind the creation of the Nuremberg Court contained realist logic.
U.S. Policy Toward Africa
Authors: DeTemple James
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
A Silent Dissonance
Authors: Sanchez Jesse
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Transformation of 2H-1,2,3-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides variously substituted at the aromatic ring, via nucleophilic substitution and demethylation reactions
Authors: Gyűjtő Imre , Porcs-Makkay Márta , Várda Ernák Ferenc , Pusztai Gyöngyvér , Tóth Gábor , Simig Gyula , Volk Balázs
Published: June 2020

2H‑1,2,3‑Benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides are a class of compounds of pharmacological interest. After earlier studies carried out at our laboratory on various transformations (alkylation, acylation, reduction) at the hetero ring, the present manuscript focuses on the transformation of substituents at the aromatic carbocycle, including nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms and demethylation of the methoxy group with amines. The new methods described here allow the introduction of versatile functional groups on the aromatic ring, making these compounds useful building blocks for organic and medicinal chemistry applications.
MAIN PERIODS OF FISHING PROHIBITING IN THE VOLGA RIVER DELTA AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL SENSE
Authors: Barabanov Vitali , Klyukina Elena
Published: June 2020

The article presents an analysis of the Fisheries Rules for the Volga-Caspian

fishery subarea (Astrakhan region) in terms of establishing time limits for the

catch of living resources. The dynamics of the limits duration, the timing of its

beginning and end in different versions of the Fisheries Rules for 150 years is

shown. It was revealed, that in the modern Fisheries Rules the timing of fishing

for living resources is set in accordance with the features of their life cycle in

the lower Volga, ensuring the preservation and growth of the basin’s stock.

Biological inexpediency of further prohibition periods shortening is noted.
MELIORATION OF FLOODPLAIN: PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE USE OF LIVING RESOURCES IN THE MIDDLE OB
Authors: Rostovtsev Alexandr , Interesova Elena , Abramov Aleksandr
Published: June 2020

Main biological reasons for fisheries melioration of Middle Ob ensuring the

stock potential maintaining are given. The experience in this field in Tomsk

region is analyzed. A necessity of floodplain melioration continuation under

anthropogenic impact is substantiated.
Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Antibacterial Derivatives of Doxycycline
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Mohsin Abbas , Ahmad Khalil , Hamad Asad , Sajid-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Asif Hafiz Muhammad , Younus Muhammad , Kamal Yousaf
Published: June 2020

Objective: Nowadays antibacterial drugs resistance is major problem in the world. To overcome this problem, some novel derivates of doxycycline were synthesized by single step condensation reaction with ten different types of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones in ethanol as solvent and acetic acid as catalyst. In these reactions, deprotonation of primary amine occurs that results in formation of imine. 

Methods: All the derivatives physically characterized and confirmed by analytical techniques i.e. FTIR and 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The derived compounds have exhibited significantly more active against both gram positive as well as gram negative bacterial strains as compared to parent drug.

Results: Derived Schiff bases RDC2, RDC4 and RDC10 showed zone of inhibition against Bacillus subtilis as compared to doxycycline and derived Schiff bases RDC1, RDC2, RDC5, RDC6, RDC7 and RDC8 showed more zone of inhibition against Micrococcus luteus as compared to doxycycline. Yield (75%), m.p. 180-185°C, Mol. Wt. 1063, Elemental Analysis: (Calculated) for C58H54N4O16: iC, 65.53; H, 5.12; N, 5.27; (Found): C, 65.49; H, 5.18; N, 5.37; FTIR (ν, cm‐1): 3066 (=C-H), 1665(C=N), 1585, 1490(C=C, phenyl), 3650(OH), 1692 (C=O); 1H NMR (DMSO−d6, δ, ppm), 6.02-6.03 d, 6.91-6.92 d, (=CH-); 6.88-6.89 t (=CH), 2.89-2.90 d, (-CH); 1.07-1.08 q, (-CH3), 3.38-3.39 d; 3.17-3.18 d, (CH), 1.47-1.48 t (CH), 1.48 s, (CH3), 6.96-6.97d, 7.577-7.588 d, (-CH=) 15.21 s (OH); 4.62 s (OH); 1.46-1.47 s (OH); 13C NMR (DMSO−d6, δ, ppm).

Conclusion: Doxycycline is among broad-spectrum tetracycline. The Schiff bases derived from doxycycline show significantly highly active against gram negative bacteria as compared to doxycycline. In future further study on these derived compounds will help in market new derivative of doxycycline, which will have more broad-spectrum activity than doxycycline.
Utilization Study of Antihypertensive Medicines Among Insured Patients at a Public Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Nigeria
Authors: Okoro Roland , Nmeka Chijioke , Erah Patrick O.
Published: June 2020

Background: Access to essential medicines through health insurance contributes substantially towards achieving hypertension control in hypertensive sub-population of a nation.

Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the gender-based antihypertensive medicines use, to describe utilization patterns, and to estimate prescribing adherence to the health insurance guideline.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective review of paper-based prescriptions with at least an antihypertensive medicine written for insured outpatients from 1st January – 31st December 2013 at a Nigerian Federal Teaching Hospital was conducted. The prescription volume and Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (DDD) methodology was used to estimate the extent of utilization of antihypertensive medicines among the study population. Drug utilization ninety percent (DU90%) was used to quantify the index of adherence to the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) guideline. Differences in proportions were investigated with Pearson chi-square test (χ2). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: Females recorded significantly higher antihypertensive medicines use compared to their male counterparts (61.5% versus 38.5%, p < 0.05). Diuretics (32.1% and 9935.28 DDD) and calcium channel blockers (32.1% and 8286 DDD) were the most commonly prescribed and utilized antihypertensive medicine classes. The index of adherence to the NHIS standard treatment guideline is 80.7%.

Conclusion: This study showed that diuretics (most frequently hydrochlorothiazide) and calcium channel blockers (most frequently amlodipine) were the most utilized antihypertensive medicine classes. Physicians’ prescribing patterns fell below the hundred percent benchmark of the country’s National Health Insurance programme guideline with respect to antihypertensive medicines.
Comparative Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Qurs-Saffron and Quknar Polyherbal Tablets in Mouse Model
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Shoaib , Malik Abdul , Arshad Haroon , Pervez Nabiha , Irshad Nadeem
Published: June 2020

Objective: We aimed to study the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects for two polyherbal tablets in animal model.

Methods: Suspensions of Qurs-Saffron and Quknar polyherbal formulations (p.o.) were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory (in carrageenan-induced paw edema) and analgesic activities (in formalin-induced paw licking test) in albino mice using Ibuprofen (50 mg/kg, orally) as standard drug. Acute toxicity testing of suspensions from Qurs-Saffron and Quknar tablets was also performed at doses 1, 2 and 3 gm/kg, orally. Parametric data were evaluated by one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test while graphics were made using GraphPad Prism.

Results: Administration of Qurs-Saffron (1000, 1500, 2000 mg/kg) and Quknar (500, 750, 1000 mg/kg) suspensions showed significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of paw edema and at later time point (after 3 hours), both suspensions showed highly significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of paw edema. In another experiment (formalin-induced paw licking test), Qurs-Saffron (2000 mg/kg) and Quknar (1000 mg/kg) showed the highly significant (P < 0.001) analgesic activity.

Conclusion: Qurs-Saffron and Quknar tablets possessed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects that were most likely due to flavonoids and phenolic compounds with free radical scavenging properties which significantly reduced inflammation and pain in treated mice and were also found safe in toxicity testing.
Good news for dematel users: the original potential of the method is still awaiting full exploitation
Authors: Ginda Grzegorz
Published: June 2020

DEMATEL technique is almost 50 years old. A long history of its application to solve diverse problems from different fields has provided diverse improvements to the technique to make it even more powerful. It nevertheless seems that some original merits of the technique were accidentally lost, as well. The merits proved to be very useful for a complex and comprehensive research made by DEMATEL inventors. So, it seems that they could also prove useful for contemporary researchers. This why an effort is made in the paper to recall and describe these merits and assess their usefulness for supporting a comprehensive decision analysis today.
Evidence for a Past Martian Ring from the Orbital Inclination of Deimos
Authors: Ćuk Matija , Minton David A. , Pouplin Jennifer L. L. , Wishard Carlisle
Published: June 2020

We numerically explore the possibility that the large orbital inclination of the Martian satellite Deimos originated in an orbital resonance with an ancient inner satellite of Mars more massive than Phobos. We find that Deimos’s inclination can be reliably generated by outward evolution of a Martian satellite that is about 20 times more massive than Phobos through the 3:1 mean-motion resonance with Deimos at 3.3 Mars radii. This outward migration, in the opposite direction from tidal evolution within the synchronous radius, requires interaction with a past massive ring of Mars. Our results therefore strongly support the cyclic Martian ring-satellite hypothesis of Hesselbrock & Minton. Our findings, combined with the model of Hesselbrock & Minton, suggest that the age of the surface of Deimos is about 3.5–4 Gyr, and require Phobos to be significantly younger.
Compact Radio Emission from Nearby Galaxies with Mid-infrared Nuclear Outbursts
Authors: Dai B. B. , Shu X. W. , Jiang N. , Dou L. M. , Liu D. Z. , Yang C. W. , Zhang F. B. , Wang T. G.
Published: June 2020

We present 5.5 GHz observations with the Very Large Array of a sample of nearby galaxies with energetic nuclear outbursts at mid-infrared (MIR) bands. These observations reach a uniform depth down to a median rms of ∼10 μJy, representing one of the most sensitive searches for radio emission associated with nuclear transients. We detect radio emission in 12 out of 16 galaxies at a level of >5σ, corresponding to a detection rate of 75%. Such a high detection is remarkably different from previous similar searches in stellar tidal disruption events. The radio emission is compact and not resolved for the majority of sources on scales of ≲0.″5 (<0.9 kpc at z < 0.1). We find that the possibility of the star formation contributing to the radio emission is low, but an active galactic nucleus (AGN) origin remains a plausible scenario, especially for sources that show evidence of AGN activity in their optical spectra. If the detections could represent radio emission associated with a nuclear transient phenomenon such as a jet or outflow, we could use the blast wave model by analogy with the gamma-ray burst afterglows to describe the evolution of radio light curves. In this context, the observations are consistent with a decelerating jet with an energy of ∼1051–52 erg viewed at 30°–60° off-axis at later times, suggesting that powerful jets may be ubiquitous among MIR-burst galaxies. Future continuous monitoring observations will be crucial to decipher the origin of radio emission through detections of potential flux and spectral evolution. Our results highlight the importance of radio observations to constrain the nature of nuclear MIR outbursts in galaxies.
Effects of Stellar Feedback on Stellar and Gas Kinematics of Star-forming Galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.0
Authors: Pelliccia Debora , Mobasher Bahram , Darvish Behnam , Lemaux Brian C. , Lubin Lori M. , Hirtenstein Jessie , Shen Lu , Wu Po-Feng , El-Badry Kareem , Wetzel Andrew , Jones Tucker
Published: June 2020

Recent zoom-in cosmological simulations have shown that stellar feedback can flatten the inner density profile of the dark matter halo in low-mass galaxies. A correlation between the stellar/gas velocity dispersion (σ
star, σ
gas) and the specific star formation rate (sSFR) is predicted as an observational test of the role of stellar feedback in re-shaping the dark matter density profile. In this work we test the validity of this prediction by studying a sample of star-forming galaxies at 0.6 < z < 1.0 from the LEGA-C survey, which provides high signal-to-noise measurements of stellar and gas kinematics. We find that a weak but significant correlation between σ
star (and σ
gas) and sSFR indeed exists for galaxies in the lowest mass bin (M
* ∼ 1010
M
⊙). This correlation, albeit with a ∼35% scatter, holds for different tracers of star formation, and becomes stronger with redshift. This result generally agrees with the picture that at higher redshifts star formation rate was generally higher, and galaxies at M
* ≲ 1010
M
⊙ have not yet settled into a disk. As a consequence, they have shallower gravitational potentials more easily perturbed by stellar feedback. The observed correlation between σ
star (and σ
gas) and sSFR supports the scenario predicted by cosmological simulations, in which feedback-driven outflows cause fluctuations in the gravitation potential that flatten the density profiles of low-mass galaxies.
Evidence for an Ancient Sea Level on Mars
Authors: Saberi Abbas Ali
Published: June 2020

Mars shares many similarities and characteristics to Earth including various geological features and planetary structure. The remarkable bimodal distribution of elevations in both planets is one of the most striking global features suggesting similar geodynamic processes of crustal differentiation on Earth and Mars. There also exists much evidence, based on geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, for the existence of an ancient Martian ocean in the northern hemisphere that covers nearly one-third of the planet’s surface. However, the interpretation of some features as ancient shorelines has been thoroughly challenged, which left the existence of a primordial Martian ocean controversial. Moreover, if oceans were formerly present on Mars, there is still significant ambiguity about the volume of water with the estimations ranging over 4 orders of magnitude. Here we map the Martian sea level problem onto a percolation model that provides strong evidence that the longest isoheight line on Mars that separates the northern and southern hemispheres acts as a critical level height with divergent correlation length and plays the same role as the present mean sea level does on Earth. Our results unravel remarkable similarities between Mars and Earth, posing a testable hypothesis about the level of the ancient ocean on Mars that can be answered experimentally by the future investigations and spacecraft exploration.
Atmospheric Escape From TOI-700 d: Venus versus Earth Analogs
Authors: Dong Chuanfei , Jin Meng , Lingam Manasvi
Published: June 2020

The recent discovery of an Earth-sized planet (TOI-700 d) in the habitable zone of an early-type M-dwarf by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite constitutes an important advance. In this Letter, we assess the feasibility of this planet to retain an atmosphere—one of the chief ingredients for surface habitability—over long timescales by employing state-of-the-art magnetohydrodynamic models to simulate the stellar wind and the associated rates of atmospheric escape. We take two major factors into consideration, namely, the planetary atmospheric composition and magnetic field. In all cases, we determine that the atmospheric ion escape rates are potentially a few orders of magnitude higher than the inner solar system planets, but TOI-700 d is nevertheless capable of retaining a 1 bar atmosphere over gigayear timescales for certain regions of the parameter space. The simulations show that the unmagnetized TOI-700 d with a 1 bar Earth-like atmosphere could be stripped away rather quickly (<1 gigayear), while the unmagnetized TOI-700 d with a 1 bar CO2-dominated atmosphere could persist for many billions of years; we find that the magnetized Earth-like case falls in between these two scenarios. We also discuss the prospects for detecting radio emission of the planet (thereby constraining its magnetic field) and discerning the presence of an atmosphere.
The The Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Preparations
Authors: Rahimah Santun Bhekti , Djunaedi Dhiah Dianawaty , Soeroto Arto Yuwono , Bisri Tatang
Published: June 2020

BACKGROUND: The popular commercially cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom contains very high nutrients and bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract seems to be the most active in preparation.
AIM: This study has an aim to compare the phytochemical analysis of a fresh, dry and ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, to measure the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities in vitro of ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus.
METHODS: The fresh plant's materials (FPM), dry plants materials (DPM), ethanolic extracts were macerated with 70% (EE70) and 96% ethanol (EE96) of Pleurotus ostreatus which were used for phytochemical analysis, and EE96 was used for antioxidant activity in vitro. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using the Dragendorf and Meyer, FeCl3 test, Salkowsky method, Lieberman method, amyl alcohol, foam test and the NaOH reagent. The total phenol test was carried out using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was tested using the ABTS and H2O2 essay.
RESULTS: The phytochemical screening showed that the flavonoid, phenolic compounds, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, and steroids were detected in the FPM, DPM, EE70 and also the EE96. The alkaloid, however, was not identified by the Meyer Reagent in the FPM and DPM. The DPM and EE70 seemed to have the highest amount of saponin based on the foam that was formed. Meanwhile, steroids and flavonoids were detected at a higher level in the EE96, based on the strength of visible colour. However, triterpenoid and quinones could not be identified. In the total phenol test, there was an amount of 6.67 μg phenol in a 1 mg extract sample which was equivalent to 1 mg of Gallic Acid. The EE96 has an IC50 of 108.07 μg/mL for ABTS and an IC50 reduction of 229.17 μg/mL. The process of Pleurotus ostreatus drying did not reduce the content of active substances. The polar active substances seem to be more soluble in the EE70 than the EE96.
CONCLUSION: The higher the bioactive substances in the preparation, the more significant the bio-therapeutic effects. Ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has a phenol content and a good antioxidant action.
Risks of morbidity and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russian regions
Authors: Zemtsov Stepan P. , Baburin Vyacheslav L.
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has covered all Russian regions. As of May 8, 2020, about 190 thousand cases have been identified, more than 1600 people with the corresponding diagnosis have died. The values of the indicators are expected to rise. However, the statistics of confirmed cases and deaths may underestimate their actual extent due to testing peculiarities, lagging reporting and other factors. The article identifies and describes the characteristics of the regions in which the incidence and mortality of COVID-19 is higher. Migration of potential carriers of the virus: summer workers and migrant workers from Moscow and large agglomerations, as well as return of labour migrants to the North increase the risks of the disease spread. The risk of mortality is higher in regions with high proportions of the poor and aged residents, for whom it is difficult to adapt to the pandemic, and lower in regions with greater health infrastructure. Based on the revealed patterns, a typology of regions on possible risks is proposed. Above all the risks in and near the largest agglomerations (the cities of Moscow and Saint Petersburg, Moscow and Leningrad Oblasts), in the northern regions where the share of labour migrants is high (Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs), in southern underdeveloped regions (Ingushetia, Karachay-Cherkess, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Dagestan, North Ossetia). For the latter, the consequences may be most significant due to the limited capacity to adapt to the pandemic and self-isolation regime, and additional support measures may be required in these regions.
A new Vegetation-Plot Database for the Coastal Forests of Kenya
Authors: Fungomeli Maria , Githitho Anthony , Frascaroli Fabrizio , Chidzinga Saidi , Cianciaruso Marcus , Chiarucci Alessandro
Published: June 2020

Biodiversity data based on standardised sampling designs are key to ecosystem conservation. Data of this sort have been lacking for the Kenyan coastal forests despite being biodiversity hotspots. Here, we introduce the Kenyan Coastal Forests Vegetation-Plot Database (GIVD ID: AF-KE-001), consisting of data from 158 plots, subdivided into 3,160 subplots, across 25 forests. All plots include data on tree identity, diameter and height. Abundance of shrubs is presented for 316 subplots. We recorded 600 taxa belonging to 80 families, 549 of which identified to species and 51 to genus level. Species richness per forest site varied between 43 and 195 species; mean diameter between 13.0 ± 9.8 and 30.7 ± 20.7 cm; and mean tree height between 5.49 ± 3.99 and 12.29 ± 10.61 m. This is the first plot-level database of plant communities across Kenyan coastal forests. It will be highly valuable for analysing biodiversity patterns and assessing future changes in this ecosystem.

Taxonomic reference: African Plant Database (African Plant Database version 3.4.0).

Abbreviations: DBH = diameter at breast height; GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases; KECF-VPD = Kenyan Coastal Forests Vegetation Plot Database.
Two new species of Plectranthias (Teleostei, Serranidae, Anthiadinae) from mesophotic coral ecosystems in the tropical Central Pacific
Authors: Shepherd Bart , Phelps Tyler A. Y. , Pinheiro Hudson T. , Rocha Claudia R. , Rocha Luiz A.
Published: June 2020

Two new species of Plectranthias perchlets are described, collected from mesophotic coral ecosystems in French Polynesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, in the tropical Central Pacific. Plectranthias polygoniussp. nov. was collected at a depth of 105 m in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and 120 m in Maloelap Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands. It was also observed in Moorea and Rangiroa (French Polynesia), and at Majuro and Erikub Atolls, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Plectranthias hinanosp. nov. was collected at a depth of 90–98 m in Tahiti, French Polynesia, and observed in Moorea. The barcode fragment of the cytochrome oxidase I gene of Plectranthias polygoniussp. nov. does not closely match any published sequence of Plectranthias, with approximately 15% uncorrected divergence from several species. Plectranthias polygoniussp. nov. can be distinguished from all of its congeners by coloration and morphology. The barcode fragment of the COI gene of Plectranthias hinanosp. nov. is closest to Plectranthias bennetti, with 5.4% uncorrected divergence. Plectranthias hinanosp. nov. is also distinguished from all of its congeners by morphology, and a coloration that includes two indistinct black spots along the base of the dorsal-fin, and transparent yellow dorsal and anal fin membranes. With this publication, the genus Plectranthias now comprises 58 valid species, with representatives from tropical to temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. These two new discoveries add to the growing body of research highlighting the rich biodiversity of mesophotic ecosystems.
Protéger les Lettres et les Sciences humaines et sociales « critiques »
Authors: Babou Igor , Brulon Soares Bruno , du Plessis Hester , Le Marec Joëlle , Marimoutou Carpanin , Noûs Camille
Published: June 2020

Les Lettres et les Sciences humaines et sociales ont une dimension critique et émancipatrice qui constitue un phénomène culturel majeur partout sur la planète. Cette tradition du savoir est cependant fragile, et menacée par trois types de phénomènes : d’une part, par des attaques anti-intellectualistes ; d’autre part, par des régimes autoritaires et des dictatures ; enfin par des transformations structurelles induites par l’utilitarisme, le management et le marché. Nous appelons à constituer un collectif international pour envisager leur patrimonialisation dans le cadre de conventions internationales.
Du lisible au visible : la naissance du texte , une méthode critique pour penser l’« éthique perceptive » de la culture numérique ?
Authors: Jahjah Marc
Published: June 2020

À partir d’une lecture d’un texte d’Ivan Illich ( Du lisible au visible : la naissance du texte ) et de son œuvre critique, l’article met au jour un certain nombre d’outils conceptuels et méthodologiques pour étudier les rapports entre les cultures scolastique et industrielle. Loin d’être opposées, tout porte en effet à croire qu’elles ont un destin commun au point que la seconde pourrait être le point d’aboutissement de la première. Notre accès contemporain aux savoirs (fragmentation, instrumentalisation, anthologisation, industrialisation et spectacularisation des textes) serait-il ainsi le fruit d’une lente mutation intellectuelle, matérielle et économique initiée au xiii e  siècle dans les universités ? Cette hypothèse est testée sur deux objets : le Stabilo Boss et un dispositif de lecture-écriture dit « social », Readmill.
Des méthodes de « sauvages ». Illich et Leroi-Gourhan : la pertinence d’un dialogue pour penser la césure numérique
Authors: de Thoisy Éric
Published: June 2020

La méthode d’Illich, celle de Leroi-Gourhan, et celle proposée pour une recherche doctorale en architecture : des lieux de convergence sont-ils envisageables, et pertinents quand les deux auteurs convoqués ne sont pas, a priori , les meilleurs spécialistes du contexte numérique qui nous intéresse pourtant ? Ils ont, l’un comme l’autre, recours à une méthode, celle du « miroir du passé », pour apprivoiser une césure dans l’histoire de la technique qu’ils pressentent sans totalement la comprendre. Ils nous suggèrent la mise en œuvre d’une relecture, ou d’une conversion, de certaines pratiques documentaires de « sauvages » que l’histoire des « civilisés » a écartées trop vite. Le miroir, aussi, peut être une méthode pour approcher un aspect difficile du numérique : la reformulation du statut de la technique, entre naturel et artificiel.
Développement du savoir-faire corporel durant la première année de vie du bébé
Authors: Jacquey Lisa , Fagard Jacqueline , O’Regan Kevin , Esseily Rana
Published: June 2020

Cette revue de la littérature propose d’examiner de quelle manière le savoir-faire corporel du bébé s’affine au cours de la première année de vie, en décrivant ce développement à travers l’exploration du corps et l’exploration de l’environnement physique. Ce développement précoce pourrait participer à l’acquisition par le bébé d’un sens de l’agentivité ( sense of agency ) et d’un sens du corps propre ( body ownership ). Le développement du savoir-faire corporel, par son statut de précurseur d’une connaissance plus approfondie du corps et de soi, jouerait un rôle essentiel dans le développement sociocognitif et psychomoteur de l’enfant.
Making a Difference: European Mutual Funds Distinctiveness and Peers’ Performance
Authors: Béreau Sophie , Gnabo Jean-Yves , Vanhomwegen Henri
Published: June 2020

Les gestionnaires de fond commun en actions « talentueux » peuvent développer des stratégies innovantes visant à battre leurs concurrents. Nous testons empiriquement l’impact de ces stratégies et dévoilons leurs différentes causes. Nous concentrons l’analyse sur les fonds européens, et proposons une nouvelle procédure pour mesurer et tester le caractère distinct des stratégies de fonds en prenant en compte les problèmes d’endogéneité des styles et de bruit d’échantillonnage lors des comparaisons de performance de fonds. L’impact des stratégies distinctes sur la performance est fort, robuste et positif. Cependant, l’effet marginal diminue avec le niveau de distinction.
Gouverner la sécurité publique
Authors: Malochet Virginie , Ocqueteau Frédéric
Published: June 2020

Le dispositif de sécurité intérieure de l’État français se caractérise par une architecture originale et centralisée, héritée de son histoire, qui met désormais en scène, aux côtés de la police et de la gendarmerie nationales, la contribution de la sécurité privée, des polices municipales et des réseaux de vigilance citoyens. À l’aide des recherches empiriques cumulatives des auteurs, l’article revient sur l’émergence du référentiel de continuum de sécurité et analyse le développement des différentes ressources mobilisées. Il montre comment le pouvoir central, loin de se laisser déposséder de ses prérogatives, s’efforce de tirer parti d’un mouvement de pluralisation qu’il encadre et promeut tout à la fois dans un contexte marqué par une double pression sécuritaire et budgétaire.
Le concours : un levier de transformation de l’institution ?
Authors: Gautier Frédéric
Published: June 2020

En agissant sur le dispositif de sélection des gardiens de la paix, les autorités politiques semblent être en mesure de favoriser le recrutement des candidats susceptibles d’être les mieux ajustés aux objectifs et missions qu’elles entendent assigner à la police. Dans l’ensemble pourtant, le concours est assez peu utilisé dans ce but et, quand il l’est, il se révèle d’un maniement malaisé. Souvent présentées comme un levier de professionnalisation de l’institution, les réformes majeures du concours relèvent en fait d’une pluralité de logiques et l’effet propre des orientations changeantes de la politique policière s’avère limité. Les agents en charge des opérations de sélection disposent, en outre, d’une marge de manœuvre importante pour fixer les droits d’entrée effectivement exigés des candidats. Leurs pratiques tendent alors à favoriser la reproduction de l’institution, bien plus que sa transformation.
Économie marchande et symbolique d’un livre au siècle des Lumières. La diffusion des Œuvres du premier ingénieur Perronet
Authors: Montel Nathalie
Published: June 2020

Au printemps 1783, paraissent les deux tomes au format grand in-folio d’un ouvrage dont le long titre donne une idée assez précise du contenu : Description des projets et de la construction des ponts de Neuilly, de Mantes, d’Orléans et autres, du projet du canal de Bourgogne… et de celui de la conduite des eaux de l’Yvette et de la Bièvre à Paris. De manière exceptionnelle, des archives conservées à la bibliothèque de l’École des ponts et chaussées nous renseignent sur les détails de la fabrication et de la diffusion de ce livre de Jean-Rodolphe Perronet. Le sort réservé aux ouvrages à leur sortie de l’imprimerie étant l’aspect le plus méconnu de l’histoire des livres, cette diffusion est le point qui retient ici l’attention. Ces archives permettent de mettre au jour l’économie marchande et symbolique dans laquelle ce monument éditorial s’inscrit, rendant compte de l’intrication des enjeux de pouvoir, de savoir et de prestige social liée à la diffusion de ce livre-caméléon, mais aussi d’éclairer la figure de celui qui s’en présente comme l’auteur et de mieux comprendre le fonctionnement de l’État aménageur dans la seconde moitié du xviii e  siècle.