bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PASAL 7 UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 18 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PEKERJA MIGRAN
Authors: Fachri Wahyudi
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi suatu permasalahan terkait perlindungan hukum terhadap pekerja migran indonesia yang masih belum terlaksana dengan baik, Peraturan lama yang kurang maksimal dalam melindungi pekerja migran Indonesia sehingga perlu adanya pembentukan peraturan perundangan yang baru, dan pada tahun 2017 Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 sebagai payung hukum yang baru bagi perlindungan pekerja migran disahkan. Fokus dan pertanyaan penelitian, yaitu: Pertama, bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum dari negara terhadap pekerja migran menurut Pasal 7 Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Kedua, Bagaimana hal tersebut menurut Hukum Islam. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum Islam normatif dengan dua pendekatan yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekata filosofis. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: pertama, perlindungan hukum Pekerja Migran Indonesia diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 18 Tahun 2017 Tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Migram Indonesia, meliputi: perlindungan sebelum bekerja, selama bekerja dan setelah bekerja. Dimulai dari para calon Pekerja Migran Indonesia mendaftar hingga pulang kembali setelah bekerja di luar negeri. Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia terdiri dari 2 (dua) aspek yakni: aspek perlindungan hukum administratif dan aspek perlindungan hukum pidana. Kedua, Dalam Islam mengenai perlindungan pekerja migran harus memelihara hak-hak dan kewajiban baik bagi pekerja maupun pemberi kerja/majikan. Bahwa Islam sangat menjunjung tinggi kehormatan masing-masing individu dan Islam memposisikan pekerja/buruh mendapat tempat yang sangat tinggi sebagai seorang pekerja sebagaimana seorang majikan juga bekerja dengan mempekerjakannya.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP KONSEP KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA MATRILINEAL DI MINANGKABAU
Authors: Aisyah Rahmaini fahma
Published: September 2024

Sebagai seorang pemimpin rumah tangga dalam Islam, seorang suami memiliki tanggung jawab penuh terhadap keluarga yang dipimpinnya baik dalam aspek nafkah ,pendidikan, perlindungan dan pengarahan, akan tetapi di sisi lain ketika melihat fenomana yang berlaku dalam sisitem keluarga Matrelineal Di Minangkabau dimana hadirnya sosok Mamak (Saudara laki-laki istri) yang juga memiliki tanggung jawab atas kemenakannya dalam hal harta dan pendidikan serta pemegang kebijakan dalam pernikahan kemenakannya, seolah-olah adanya dualisme dan adanya tumpang tindih kewajiban antara suami sebagai kepala keluarga dengan Mamak sebagai pemimpin dalam rumah gadang. Maka konsep kepemimpinan dalam keluarga matrelinel Minangkabau ini perlu dikaji dalam aspek hukum Islam.
Dalam kaya tulis ini akan focus mengkaji Bagaimana konsep kepemimpinan suami  dalam keluarga adat Minangkabau serta bagaimana hukum Islam melihat fenomana ini melalui metodoligi penelitian kualitatif dengan kajian deskriptif analitis. sumber primer dari buku  Tambo Alam Minangkabau erta buku tafsir dan hukum Islam yang menjelaskan tentang konsep kepemimpinan seorang suami dalam rumah tangga.
Konsep kepemimpinan yang di usung dalam hukum adat Mianangkabau yang menganut sistem Matrelineal ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan konsep yang ada dalam hukum Islam, dimana suami bertanggung jawab atas keluaraga yang di pimpinnya akan tetapi yang menjadi pembedanya adalah dimana dalam hukum adat ini kepemimpinan suami dalam rumah tangga nya akan di interfensi oleh Mamak selaku pemimpin dalam rumah gadang (keluarga Istri). Dimana Mamak juga bertanggung jawab akan perekonomian, pendidikan serta perlindungan terhadap kemenakan nya. Akan tetapi bentuk pertanggung jawabannya tidak menyamai posisi suami, hanya sebagai orang yang akan membantu ketika kewajiban itu tidak dapat dipenuhi oleh sosok suami dalam rumah tangganya. Dan dalam islam ayah selaku wali memiliki kewanagan absolut untuk memberikan perizinan atau melarang atas pernikahan  perwaliannya akan tetapi di Minangkabau posisi ini di ambil alih oleh Mamak, dimana mamak  memiliki hak untuk melarang kemenakannya untuk melangsungkan pernikahan walaupun sang ayah mengizinkannya.
Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan, Rumah tangga, Matrelineal
The Trio Goo Catechist : Studying Jesus, the True Catechist
Authors: Goo Marius
Published: September 2024

Jesus the Catechist is dissected from a biblical, not Christological, perspective. The trio of Goo Catechists participated in Jesus the Catechist. They either preached about Jesus or followed Jesus for more than 50 years, even to old age and death. They have a very intimate closeness and attachment to Jesus, to the point that their whole lives are dedicated to Christ and His Church. They proclaim Jesus with faith in the context of the local culture, the Mee culture.
KOMPETENSI GURU PAUD DI BANJARMASIN YANG TIDAK MEMILIKI LATAR BELAKANG PENDIDIKAN S1 PAUD
Authors: Az-Zahra Wafiqa , Koenarso Dyah Ageng Pramesty , Yarliani Ikta
Published: September 2024

Teachers have abilities that play an important role in carrying out their duties, and their level of competence often determines the success of education. In an effort to meet competency standards, teachers are expected to have the knowledge and skills appropriate to their field. However, there are still gaps in this regard, especially in aspects such as pedagogic, professional, personal and social competencies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the competencies of PAUD teachers who are not S1 PAUD education graduates in two institutions in Banjarmasin City, as well as identify factors that influence their competencies. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection through observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that some teachers still face difficulties in preparing lesson plans independently, which has an impact on the monotony of the learning process. In addition, there are teachers who have not fully fulfilled aspects of social competence.
Fra migrant til SOSU-aspirant: Uddannelse og rekruttering af herboende migranter til ældreplejen
Authors: Sparre Sara Lei , Nielsen Stine Hauberg , Fredslund Jakob , Bertram-Larsen Pernille , Bæk Liane Krogh , Sørensen Johanne Korsdal
Published: September 2024

Fra Migrant til SOSU-aspirant præsenterer resultater, der bidrager til gentænkning af de aktuelle rekrutterings- og fastholdelsesstrategier inden for social- og sundhedsfagene og ældre-plejen. Rapporten er resultatet af et treårigt forsknings- og innovationsprojekt med formålet: at foreslå løsninger til, hvordan social- og sundhedsskoler og kommuner bliver bedre til at skabe attraktive og inkluderende uddannelses- og arbejdsmiljøer og dermed tiltrække og fastholde flere social- og sundhedselever og -medarbejdere med migrantbaggrund at give social- og sundhedselever med migrantbaggrund redskaber til at forbedre deres læring, kommunikation og samarbejde i læringssituationer. Projektet har kombineret eksplorativ antropologisk forskning og feltarbejde med samskabelse og it-udviklingsprocesser. Rapporten præsenterer viden om og erfaringer med barrierer og indsatser for adgang til og gennemførelse af en social- og sundhedsuddannelse blandt elever med migrantbaggrund. Vi præsenterer på den baggrund dels en række anbefalinger til et bedre elevforløb, dels prototypen på det læringsunderstøttende digitale værktøj, SOSU Appen.
Kvinder lider - mænd dør
Authors: Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune
Published: September 2024

”Kvinder lider, mens mænd dør” – dette er en oneliner, der beskriver kønsoverlevelsesparadokset, som på engelsk kaldes ”the male-female health survival paradox”. Paradokset er, at selvom mænd generelt er stærkere end kvinder og har en bedre fysisk funktionsevne, så lever kvinder længere end mænd. Men kvindernes ekstra leveår er ofte kombineret med dårligt helbred. Mænd derimod dør hyppigere af deres sygdomme og lever generelt kortere tid end kvinder. Det er en ulighed, som gør sig gældende ikke bare i Danmark, men i hele verden. Der er foreslået en række forklaringer på dette paradoks, og artiklens formål er et beskrive en række af de undersøgelser, vi har foretaget, som peger på forskellige væsentlige faktorer, der har haft og har indflydelse på kønsoverlevelsesparadokset.
Forældreansvarsloven opdeler forældre i to forskellige roller
Authors: Bisgaard Mette
Published: September 2024

Når forældre går fra hinanden, skal de beslutte, hvor barnet skal bo, og hvilken samværsordning barnet skal have med den anden forælder. Det giver forældrene to nye roller som henholdsvis bopælsforælder og samværsforælder, og med rollerne følger forskellige beslutningsbeføjelser i forhold til barnet. Mødre bliver langt hyppigere bopælsforældre. Det stiller mødre og fædre forskelligt, hvis de er i konflikt omkring samværet og inddrager de familieretlige myndigheder. Denne artikel dykker ned i betydningen af de to roller ogundersøger, hvordan forældre forhandler rollerne, og hvad beslutningen er udtryk for.
L’articulation entre responsabilité internationale de l’état et responsabilité pénale de l’individu : une tentative de réconciliation à travers l’exemple de l’invasion de l’Ukraine
Authors: Mégret Frédéric
Published: September 2024

La recherche des responsabilités pour l’invasion de l’Ukraine et les crimes qui en découlent s’oriente d’ores et déjà vers un double axe : identification des responsabilités pénales individuelles d’une part, et mise en cause de la responsabilité de la Russie en tant qu’État d’autre part. Potentiellement complémentaires, ces stratégies ne renvoient pas moins à deux visions distinctes des causes et de la nature fondamentale des atrocités commises en Ukraine. Si ce débat n’est pas nouveau, il prend dans le cas de l’Ukraine une dimension particulière, liée à tout l’enjeu de la justice transitionnelle de la région et à un nécessaire effort de problématisation de la guerre en Ukraine. Tout en prenant acte que l’accent mis sur la responsabilité individuelle à l’époque contemporaine est une réaction aux limites bien connues de la responsabilité étatique pour crimes, il s’agit de prendre également la mesure des dangers d’un surinvestissement dans la responsabilité individuelle. Celle-ci tend en effet à ôter aux crimes de droit international leur caractère d’inscription dans une dimension étatique, publique ou collective, pourtant essentielle à leur compréhension. On tentera donc de penser la complexité de la responsabilité pour crimes de droit international comme fonction de l’imbrication, propre à chaque cas d’espèce, entre responsabilités étatiques et individuelles, mais aussi collectives. Cela aidera à dégager une conception plus systémique de la responsabilité internationale, seule à même, en dernière analyse, de rendre justice à la complexité de la question des responsabilités en Ukraine.
Processus d'adaptation et d'implantation d'une approche sensible au trauma au sein d'un organisme communautaire en milieu urbain desservant de jeunes familles vulnérables
Authors: Langevin Rachel , Gagné Marie-Emma , Collin-Vézina Delphine
Published: September 2024

Objectifs. La présente étude s’inscrit dans une démarche de transfert des connaissances intégré avec un organisme communautaire offrant divers services aux mères de moins de 25 ans et à leurs jeunes enfants. L’objectif global était d’améliorer l’engagement des jeunes mères envers les services. Après une consultation ayant mis en lumière que plusieurs facteurs entravant la participation des jeunes mères pouvaient être compris à travers le prisme du trauma complexe, le présent article documente : 1) l’adaptation des principes des approches sensibles aux traumas (AST) pour répondre aux besoins particuliers de l’organisme et 2) les premières étapes du processus d’implantation/d’évaluation. Résultats. Pour l’objectif 1, une journée de réflexion avec les employés et des activités connexes ont permis d’identifier différentes stratégies à maintenir, cesser ou mettre en place afin d’accroître la sensibilité aux traumas de l’organisme. Pour l’objectif 2, une autoévaluation organisationnelle à l’aide d’un questionnaire a montré, malgré le petit échantillon, une amélioration de la tendance à être flexible et à prioriser le sentiment de sécurité et l’alliance chez des employés après la distribution des capsules éducatives sur les AST (T2). Aucun autre résultat significatif n’a été identifié. Discussion. Les résultats sont encourageants et indiquent que l’adaptation et l’implantation d’une AST en contexte communautaire sont faisables et peuvent améliorer la sensibilité aux traumas des employés. D’autres études à grande échelle sont nécessaires afin d’approfondir notre compréhension de ce qui fonctionne, pour qui et dans quelles circonstances. Les leçons tirées de la présente étude aideront d’autres partenaires souhaitant implanter une AST en contexte communautaire.
La place de l’ossète dans l’espace urbain à Vladikavkaz et Tskhinvali : symboliques, dynamiques, enjeux
Authors: Alibert Laurent
Published: September 2024

L’étude des usages de la langue ossète dans le paysage linguistique urbain des deux capitales respectives de l’Ossétie du Nord (Vladikavkaz) et de l’Ossétie du Sud (Tskhinvali) met en lumière l’idée que les Ossètes se font de la place occupée par leur langue, notamment dans son rapport à la langue russe. Sur le plan symbolique, les écrits ossètes dans l’espace urbain renvoient à plusieurs fonctions nettement distinctes : des statuts officiels administratifs, des usages publicitaires locaux, des usages pédagogiques à dimension sociale, des développements spontanés individuels (notamment les graffitis). Nous étudierons une série d’entre eux, en essayant de voir à la fois ce qui ressort de l’image idéalisée projetée, et ce qui tient d’une réalité linguistique, active ou celle d’une réalité perceptible, subie. Ces dynamiques marquent aussi bien des tendances générales de la langue ossète sur l’ensemble de l’Ossétie que des différences à l’oeuvre dans les deux entités, liées aux situations historiques et politiques respectives.
Legittimazione e strategia della narrazione nei film Il Decameron e Salò di Pier Paolo Pasolini
Authors: Erstic Marijana
Published: September 2024

Le opere di Pier Paolo Pasolini sono pietre miliari intellettuali del XX secolo. La sua Trilogia della vita e l’incompiuta Trilogia della morte offrono spunti di riflessione su situazioni elementari dell’esistenza umana come l’amore, la sessualità, ma anche la morte, il pericolo e i tormenti dei lager del XX secolo. Ogni volta, inoltre, acuiscono il nostro sguardo sulla situazione attuale. Nello spirito di Pier Paolo Pasolini, questo saggio ha un motivo ben noto: all’inizio della pandemia di Covid, il Decamerone di Giovanni Boccaccio è stato spesso citato insieme al romanzo di Camus Lo straniero. Pier Paolo Pasolini ha realizzato un aggiornamento del testo classico italiano nel 1971, ed è su questo film che mi concentrerò di seguito. Cercherò di capire come la legittimazione della narrativa di Boccaccio si trasformi nel Decameron di Pasolini. Il film Salò di Pasolini funge da contrappunto al Decameron, di cui mi occuperò nell’ultima parte del saggio. L’obiettivo del saggio è un’analisi delle strategie di legittimazione narrativa in Boccaccio, che vengono collocate nel contesto della narrazione cinematografica di Pasolini.
«¿Por qué hacer un trabajo cuando es tan hermoso soñar solo con él?». El acto creativo en el cine de Pasolini
Authors: Brevetti Giulio
Published: September 2024

Alumno de Roberto Longhi, el crítico de arte histórico e italiano más influyente del siglo XX, Pier Paolo Pasolini ha tenido en cuenta la lección de ese maestro en la construcción de sus imágenes, a veces inspirados en pinturas renacentistas y manieristas. Pero además de estas referencias iconográficas bien conocidas en su cine, a menudo se encuentran reflexiones sobre el acto creativo y el arte en general. Por lo tanto, la intervención tiene como objetivo centrarse en algunos de estos momentos y comentar específicamente las figuras de los artistas que aparecen en algunas de las películas, como el alumno de Giotto por el mismo director interpretado en Decameron o como el director interpretado por Orson Welles en La Ricotta. A través de una lectura de estos ejemplos, intentará ofrecer una interpretación de la mirada del autor sobre lo que es el arte y la necesidad del ser humano de crear y producir artefactos artísticos.
Narrative Catastrophe and its Aftermath: On the Potentiation of Notation as a Form of Negative Virtuality in Pier Paolo Pasolini’s Work
Authors: Caradonna Chiara
Published: September 2024

From the 1960s and until his death Pier Paolo Pasolini elevated notation to his work’s central formal paradigm, with the aim of challenging and subverting the literary and cinematic conventions of European modernity. Taking its cue from the African American writer and thinker Frank B. Wilderson’s observations on narrative catastrophy, the article situates Pasolini’s use of notation within the broader framework of his reflection on the possibilities of narration in the age of decolonization and globalised late capitalism. It outlines the development of the note and its rise to prominence in Pasolini’s work as a way for the Western author to relinquish his authority and the exertion of narrative power. Crucially, the article illustrates how, in contrast to frequently held assumptions about notation as an unfinished form subordinated to a potentially finished product, Pasolini conceives and potentiates notation as a form of negative virtuality that does not abide by the logic of positive finality.
VV.AA., Olympisme. Une histoire du monde. Des premiers jeux olympiques d'Athenes 1896 aux jeux olympiques et paralympiques de Paris 2024
Authors: Oliver Coronado Arturo
Published: September 2024

Reseña
Prevalência de fibrilação atrial sem diagnóstico ou tratamento na Atenção Primária à Saúde em Joinville, Brasil
Authors: Lacerda Marcelo Pitombeira de , Lopes Cristianne Confessor Castilho , Diegoli Henrique , Baptista João Pedro Ribeiro , Hoepfner Clovis , Berkenbrock Aline Gabrielle de Souza , Safanelli Juliana , Moraes Tamires Almeida , Machado Kendra Lys Calixto , Dalri Iohana Vitória , Werlang Gabriela da Costa , França Paulo Henrique Condeixa de
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A estimativa da prevalência de fibrilação atrial (FA) sem diagnóstico ou tratamento é crucial para a prevenção do acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) relacionado à FA. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de FA sem diagnóstico ou tratamento na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo prospectivo transversal não randomizado em Joinville, Brasil, entre indivíduos idosos em Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Resultados: Foram incluídos mil indivíduos, com idade média de 69 ± 7 anos, 57% dos quais eram mulheres. A prevalência de FA foi de 3%, com 50% dos pacientes com FA não-diagnosticada e 33% dos pacientes diagnosticados previamente sem receber anticoagulação oral apesar de indicação clínica. Usando prevalências padronizadas por idade, estimamos 68 e 27.342 AVCI por ano devido à FA sem diagnóstico ou tratamento em Joinville e no Brasil, respectivamente. Conclusão: A observação de que dois em cada três pacientes com FA estavam sem diagnóstico ou tratamento é muito alarmante. Estratégias de rastreamento para alcançar esta população são urgentemente necessárias.
O impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na aptidão física de idosos: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Schmidt Laís , Fank Felipe , Menezes Enaiane Cristina , Mazo Giovana Zarpellon
Published: September 2024

Introdução: A COVID-19 impactou negativamente a vida dos idosos, considerados como grupo de risco para o vírus. Objetivo: Este estudo longitudinal prospectivo teve como objetivo verificar as alterações na aptidão física de idosos durante o período da pandemia COVID-19, levando em consideração o sexo e a faixa etária. Métodos: Participaram do estudo 76 idosos (72,6 ± 6,47 anos), que faziam parte de um programa de extensão universitário. A aptidão física foi avaliada por meio da bateria de testes Senior Fitness Test (SFT). Os pesquisadores, devidamente treinados, aplicaram a SFT antes da pandemia (novembro de 2019) e durante a pandemia (abril de 2022). Resultados: Os resultados indicaram uma piora significativa na aptidão física dos idosos em todos os testes, exceto no teste de flexão de cotovelo. A maior redução na aptidão física foi observada no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos. Em relação ao sexo, tanto homens quanto mulheres apresentaram maiores reduções na resistência aeróbia e na força dos membros inferiores. Quanto à faixa etária, os idosos com 80 anos ou mais foram os mais afetados, apresentando as maiores reduções, especialmente na resistência aeróbia e na força dos membros inferiores. Conclusão: O estudo conclui que o período da pandemia de COVID-19 teve um impacto negativo significativo na aptidão física dos idosos, especialmente nas mulheres e nos idosos com 80 anos ou mais. Portanto, recomenda-se a implementação de atividades físicas para essas populações, com o objetivo de minimizar ou até reverter os impactos negativos causados pela COVID-19 na aptidão física dos idosos.
Fabrication and properties of nano-CeO2 doped Y-Ba-Cu-O bulk superconductors
Authors: Li Guo-Zheng , Wang Miao ,   College of Physics and Materials Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China,   School of Science, Xi’an Aeronautical University, Xi’an 710077, China
Published: September 2024

Single-domain Y-Ba-Cu-O (YBCO) bulk superconductors can be widely used in the superconducting maglev, cryomagnets, motors/generators fields. In order to improve the performance of the YBCO bulk superconductors further, in this work, nano-CeO2 doped YBCO bulk superconductors are fabricated by two infiltration growth techniques (011-IG and 211-IG) respectively, in which two solid pellets of compositions Y2O3+1.15BaCuO2+0.1CuO+1wt.% nano-CeO2 and Y2BaCuO5 (Y-211)+1 wt.% nano-CeO2 are employed. And a novel pit-type seeding mode is used to prevent the film seed from moving in the heat treatment process, then the growth morphologies, microstructures and superconducting properties of the samples are investigated. The results show that at a low doping level (1 wt.%), the normal growth of the YBCO crystal is not affected, and fully-grown single-domain YBCO bulk superconductors can be successfully prepared by the two techniques. Furthermore, the positions of the seeds do not move at all, which proves the effectiveness of the new seeding mode. The perpendicular growth sector boundaries on the top surfaces of the samples and clear (00l) series X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks both prove the high c-axis orientations and high growth quality of the samples. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicate that the nano-CeO2 doping can effectively refine the sizes of the Y-211 micro-particles in the bulk superconductors, and this method is applicable to both techniques. Low-temperature magnetization measurement shows that the nano-CeO2 doped sample prepared by the 011-IG method shows obviously better Jc property than the undoped sample at low fields, indicating that the refined Y-211 particles can effectively enhance the δl-type pinning. In addition, compared with the 211-IG-processed sample, the 011-IG-processed sample performs better in terms of levitation force, microstructure and Jc property, thus the 011-IG method is a more promising preparation process. The results of this study are important in improving the performance of the YBCO bulk superconductors and optimizing the fabrication technique further.
Agrochemical control of gene expression using evolved split RNA polymerase. II
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Miao Jin
Published: September 2024

Agrochemical inducible gene expression system provides cost-effective and orthogonal control of energy and information flow in bacterial cells. However, the previous version of Mandipropamid inducible gene expression system (Mandi-T7) became constitutively active at room temperature. We moved the split site of the eRNAP from position LYS179 to position ILE109. This new eRNAP showed proximity dependence at 23 °C, but not at 37 °C. We built Mandi-T7-v2 system based on the new eRNAP and it worked in both Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We also induced GFP expression in Agrobacterium cells in a semi-in vivo system. The modified eRNAP when combined with the leucine zipper-based dimerization system, behaved as a cold inducible gene expression system. Our new system provides a means to broaden the application of agrochemicals for both research and agricultural application. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.02.587689v1).
Farmers' Preferences for Different Brands and the Challenges they have in Finding High-quality Tomato Seeds: A Review
Authors: N Venkatesa Palanichamy , N Balakrishnan, , M Kalpana , M Rajavel , R Dhivya
Published: September 2024

Factors such as farmers' brand preferences for different tomato seeds, their purchasing habits, the shifting practices of name farmers, and the difficulties they face in growing and marketing hybrid tomatoes in the Coimbatore district are all important to understand given the dominance of tomato farming. The primary data required for the study were obtained through in-person interviews using a pre-tested interview method. Secondary data on agriculture and other information related to the research topic were provided by the Tamil Nadu government. After gathering and processing the primary and secondary data, statistical analysis was carried out. The multi-dimensional scaling method was used to gauge the farmers' level of preference. The top four attributes selected by farmers were yield, stress tolerance, ease of availability, and brands from American seed firms such as Syngenta, Rasi, Mahyco, Namdhari, and Indo. The stress endurance of Indo American and Namdhari makes them appealing. In addition to the weak performance of farmers' desired attributes, the irregular execution of promotional campaigns is the cause of the significant fluctuations in the purchase of farmers' unstable brands. Every brand also has a particular USP for things like yield and cob filling (Syngenta), stress resistance (Rasi), quicker germination and early emergence (Mahyco), etc., and how dealers respond to various marketing campaigns seed companies run. Furthermore, there aren't many productivity differences in hybrid seeds, so farmers can choose to utilize several brands.
Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth and Yield Characteristics of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Das Abhishek Kumar , Kumar Sanjiv , Kumar Pradeep , Verma Ankit , Suresh G N , Patel Avnish
Published: September 2024

The experiment was conducted at the Instructional Farm (SIF) of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh in the Rabi season of 2023-24. A Randomized Block Design was used for statistical analysis, with 10 treatments and 3 replications. The primary objectives of this study involved assessing the crop growth and yield attributes, in mustard crops subjected to different treatments. These treatments consisted of various chemical fertilizers, bio fertilizers, and nano fertilizers used in different combinations. Results revealed that, the effect of treatment T10 [Nano DAP @ 40ppm + RD of N&K (120:60) + Azotobacter @2 kg ha-1 + PSB @4 kg ha-1] was found to be best in terms of growth and yield attributes of crop, whereas minimum growth and yield attributes of crop was found under the effect of treatment T5 [Nano urea @ 60ppm + RD of P&K (60:60)].
Phytotoxic Effect and the Efficiency of Different Herbicides and Nitrogen Levels on Weed Control in Wheat Crop
Authors: Jeevan Narayanaswamy , Kannihalli Saleemali , K B Chethan Kumar , Singh J K , K Anil , Sathish Karan , M Shankar , Kumar Surla Pradeep , Sindhushree Yerradoddi
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 2018–19 at the Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, to evaluate the impact of herbicides and nitrogen levels on phytotoxic effect and the efficiency of different herbicides and nitrogen levels in wheat. The wheat field was infested with nine weed species such as Phalaris minor, Cynodon dactylon, Anagallis arvensis, Melilotus indicus, Chenopodium album, Vicia sativa, Medicago denticulata, Solanum nigrum, and Cyperus rotundus. Among these, Cyperus rotundus and Cynodon dactylon were the major weeds. Visual phytotoxicity indicated that phytotoxicity was observed under pinoxaden (40 ml ha-1) + 2, 4-DEE (750 ml ha-1). The data pertaining to available N, P2O5, K2O in soil after harvest of crop revealed that application of herbicides and nitrogen levels observed non-significant differences except higher available K2O in soil observed by application of pinoxaden 5.1%EC + 2,4- DEE 38%EC (40+750 ml ha-1) significantly over weedy check and statistically at par with rest of the treatments. Further, higher weed management index (WMI) was recorded under HW twice plot (30&60 DAS) was 0.13 followed by under application of sulfosulfuron (25 g ha-1) + 2, 4-DEE (750 ml ha-1) was 0.11. Weed density and biomass had strong negative correlation with grain yield (r = -0.39 and r = -0.40, respectively). The interaction effect of highest grain and straw yields were achieved with the application of Sulfosulfuron (25 g ha⁻¹) + 2,4-DEE (750 ml ha⁻¹) in combination with 180 kg N ha⁻¹.
Comparative Efficacy of Combi Fungicides for Management of Leaf Rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) in Wheat
Authors: Dobhal Aditi , Deepshikha  , Chaudhary Devyani
Published: September 2024

Wheat is attacked by a large number of pathogenic fungus, most destructive being rusts. Among three different rusts, leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks is one of the devastating disease causing severe yield losses. The present investigation was conducted to gather the information of different combination fungicides in managing the leaf rust of wheat during rabi season of 2022-23. Nine different combi- fungicides were evaluated in completely randomized design and replicated thrice. The efficiency of different combi- fungicides for leaf rust management were analyzed by calculating disease severity and Area Under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC). The evaluated data indicates that all combination fungicides were effective in controlling the leaf rust of wheat with respect to control. The combi fungicide Tebuconazole 50%+Trifloxystrobin 25% WG was found to be the most effective in terms of reducing the level of leaf rust and increasing grain yield exhibiting disease severity of 3.34%, percent disease control of 94.93, AUPDC of 49.16 with a grain yield of 47.65q/ha during rabi season of 2022-23. Therefore, the current findings demonstrate that combi- fungicides may play a significant role in effectively managing leaf rust of wheat.
An Insight into the Etiology of Magnaporthe oryzae and the R Genes in Rice for the Inception of Efficient Breeding Programmes
Authors: H S Chandana , M V Sampath kumar , S K Prajwal , T S Sindhushree , Patel Shreya
Published: September 2024

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most severe diseases affecting rice production worldwide. It poses a significant threat to food security due to its potential to cause substantial yield losses under favorable conditions. Resistance (R) genes are critical components of a plant's defense system, providing specific resistance to pathogens through a variety of mechanisms. R genes play a pivotal role in combating the rice blast disease caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. These genes are involved in two main forms of immunity: Pattern-Triggered Immunity (PTI) and Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). The deployment of these R genes through marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been instrumental in accelerating the development of blast-resistant rice varieties. MAS allows for the precise introgression of desirable resistance traits into elite cultivars, significantly reducing the time and resources required compared to conventional breeding methods. Furthermore, pyramiding multiple R genes into a single variety has proven to be an effective strategy to enhance the durability of resistance, as it reduces the likelihood of resistance breakdown due to pathogen evolution. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the progress made in understanding blast resistance genes and their application in breeding strategies.
Study on the Breeding Biology and Captive Rearing of Bracon brevicornis
Authors: Godavari  , Manjula  , V C Karthik
Published: September 2024

The extensive use of synthetic insecticides in agriculture, especially in developing countries, has caused severe environmental and health issues, such as pest resistance and biodiversity loss. This study explores the potential of biological control as a sustainable alternative by examining the life table parameters of the parasitoid wasp, Bracon brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on its host, Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The research involved the rearing of C. cephalonica and B. brevicornis under controlled conditions as well as the monitoring of their life cycle stages. Key findings include an incubation period of 1.5 days, a larval period of 4.5 days, and a pupal period averaging of 5 days, with the adult longevity ranging from 23 to 40 days. The study observed high rates of egg hatching (89.3%), pupation (95.8%), and adult emergence (93.8%), and an average fecundity of 200-240 eggs. These results highlight B. brevicornis as a promising biological control agent, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.
Fungus Gnat a Common Contaminant of Insect Culture in Glasshouse and Protected Cultivation
Authors: Gouda M. N. Rudra , H G Shashank , Saini Nitika , H Jeevan , K B Chethan Kumar , B Tulasi , M Yogananda , L.M.B Ashwini , R H Megha Raj
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the identification and management of two closely related fungus gnat species, Bradysia ocellaris C. and Bradysia impatiens J., within glasshouse insect cultures. The hypothesis posits that these gnats, emerging from plant soil, compete with target insects for food resources and serve as vectors for pathogens, thereby posing a significant threat to the integrity of insect cultures. Through a combination of morphological and molecular techniques, we distinguished between these species, revealing nuanced differences that are crucial for accurate identification. The emergence of these gnats presents challenges, as they compete for food resources with target insects and may act as vectors for pathogens. To mitigate these issues, comprehensive management practices, including hygiene maintenance, physical controls, targeted insecticides, and quarantine measures, were implemented. The study's outcomes highlight the effectiveness of these strategies in maintaining optimal conditions in controlled environments and preserving the integrity of insect cultures. These findings offer valuable insights into pest control strategies and emphasize the importance of a holistic approach to managing pests in protected cultivation settings.
Nabobs
Authors: Nechtman Tillman W.
Published: January 2016

A disparaging term describing employees of Britain's East India Company in the late 18th century,
nabob
was literally an Anglicized transliteration of the term
nawab
, a title for aristocratic regional leaders within the Mughal empire.
Assyrian Empire
Authors: Chavalas Mark W.
Published: January 2016

The ancient Near Eastern nation of Assyria exhibited what one could call an oscillating character to its political history, rising and falling on a number of occasions, each time unknowingly rehearsing its final end in 612bce. From the rise of the state of Shamshi Adad I (c.1814–1781bce) to the collapse of the kingdom of Tiglath‐Pileser I (c.1115–1077bce), Assyria went through a number of periods of imperial expansion, followed by political weakness and decline.
Neo‐Assyrian Empire
Authors: Chavalas Mark W.
Published: January 2016

During the early first millennium
bce
(c.900–612
bce
), Assyria was the largest and most powerful state in Southwest Asia, ranging from Iran to Egypt and from Babylonia to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea. It was the largest imperial polity in the history of the world, until eclipsed by the Achaemenid Empire of Cyrus the Great in the late 6th century
bce
. Modern scholars have been somewhat perplexed by the empire's apparent sudden collapse in the late 7th century
bce
, calling its termination an “historical scandal.”
Hunnic Empire
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin
Published: January 2016

The history and the nature of the Hunnic Empire have been a source of controversy and debate for centuries. Even the definition of the Hunnic nation as an empire or a state has been hotly contested and disputed. Likewise there has been no consensus or agreement among historians and archaeologists about when the empire was first founded, how extensive it was in terms of territory, how it was administered, and when it finally dissolved. What is certain is that the Huns expanded from Central Asia sometime in the middle of the 4th century into Europe and by the middle of the 5th century controlled vast swaths of Europe from France to the Ukraine. The Huns and the empire they created had an immense impact on the political development of the later “Germanic” kingdoms of early medieval Europe and also contributed to the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire in Western Europe.
Mycenaean civilization
Authors: Mee Christopher
Published: January 2016

The shaft‐graves at Mycenae and rich tombs at other sites mark the start of the first civilization on mainland Greece. The emphasis early in the Late Bronze Age is on cemeteries rather than settlements. It is not until the 14th centurybcethat palaces became administrative centers, a development emphasized by archives written in the Linear B script. Many of the palaces were protected by massive fortifications and rulers were buried in style intholostombs. There were also connections overseas and this must have involved some settlement. At the end of the 13th century the palaces were destroyed and this precipitated the slow decline of the Mycenaean civilization.
Funj Sultanate of Sinnar
Authors: Spaulding Jay
Published: January 2016

The Islamic Nubian kingdom that dominated the Nile valley Sudan from about 1500 to 1821 was known both by the name of its ruling elite, the Funj, and that of its capital city over the last half of its history, Sinnar. Events of its early history suggest it played a prominent role in regional politics, notably inhibiting Ottoman expansion. The better‐documented later period witnessed the rise of towns, trade, international intercourse, orthodox Islamic beliefs and practices, and the adoption of Arab identities in many quarters. The innovations eroded the institutions of state and extended civil war culminating in alien conquest followed.
Kush, Kingdom of
Authors: Welsby Derek A.
Published: January 2016

The Kingdom of Kush was a major power in the Nile valley for over 1000 years and, for a brief period around 700bce, dominated it, controlling an empire stretching from Central Sudan to the Mediterranean. Heavily influenced by Egypt, Kushite civilization represented an amalgam of foreign influences from the north, originally Pharaonic, later Hellenistic and Roman, along with the indigenous African culture. In the far north entirely a riverine civilization, further south it spread out into the savannah. Its diverse economy supported a highly developed urban civilization as well as integrating a substantial nomadic population, underpinned by extensive agriculture and animal husbandry. Sitting athwart the major ancient trade route from central Africa its rulers amassed considerable wealth, reflected in their extensive monumental building projects and rich tombs marked by stone pyramids.
Volga Bulgar Emirate
Authors: Mako Gerald
Published: January 2016

Volga Bulgaria, a Turkic‐speaking state in Eastern Europe between the 9th and mid‐13th centuries, ruled over extensive lands mostly around the middle Volga and Kama rivers. Volga Bulgaria was important because it controlled the key route between Central Asia and northern Europe, particularly the Fur Road. The Bulgars were also the first to convert to Islam in Eastern Europe. Despite originally being pastoral nomads, the Volga Bulgars developed a flourishing urban civilization with several cities, even though a significant part of the population lived outside these centers. The Bulgars fought a number of wars with the early expanding Rus’ state, particularly in c.964/965 with Sviatoslav and 985 with Vladimir for the control of trade. Other wars followed in the late 12th century. In 1236, the Mongols subjugated the Volga Bulgar state, which eventually evolved into the Kazan’ Khanate.
British Empire: 10. North America, to 1783
Authors: Lockley Tim
Published: January 2016

Britain created its first overseas empire in North America between 1607 and 1783. From tentative beginnings British settlers created vibrant new communities on the eastern coast of North America, that attracted migrants from Britain and throughout Europe. The diverse colonies enjoyed a large degree of autonomy from Britain and strongly resisted attempts in the middle of the 18th century to bring them under imperial control, eventually winning a war of independence against Britain in the 1780s.
Frontiers and their control
Authors: Kagay Donald J.
Published: January 2016

This article deals with the defense and extension of national frontiers in geopolitical and economic terms. It focuses on the ancient states of China and Rome, the medieval frontiers between Scotland and England as well as between Castile and the Muslim enclave of Granada, and the modern heavily defended borderlands that separated East and West Berlin as well as the long frontier along the Rio Grande between Mexico and the American states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.
Burgundy, Duchy (States) of
Authors: Crombie Laura
Published: January 2016

This entry sets out the development of the Burgundian state or empire from 1363 to 1477. In looking at the geographical, political, and cultural expansion under the Valois dukes of Burgundy – Philip the Bold, John the Fearless, Philip the Good, and Charles the Bold – it provides a concise overview to the growth of their domains.
Christianity and empire
Authors: Strong Rowan
Published: January 2016

Christianity and Christian churches were part of or interacted with various empires throughout the world over the past two thousand years of that religion's history. From the Roman Empire in the 1st centurycewhen Christianity was founded, through the various empires of Asia to the end of the Western Middle Ages, and on to the European empires of the modern period, Christianity has been persecuted, co‐opted, and tolerated by a wide variety of imperial cultures and systems. It has been used as an ideology to facilitate imperial power, a lens through which to view colonial peoples, as well as a position from which to oppose imperialism.
Kanem‐Bornu Empire
Authors: Hiribarren Vincent
Published: January 2016

Present for more than 1000 years in the Lake Chad basin, the Kanem‐Bornu (or Kanem‐Borno) Empire was the longest‐lasting empire in the history of Africa. It was created around the 8th century in Kanem on the eastern shores of Lake Chad before shifting to Borno (Bornu) on the western side of the lake during the 13th and 14th centuries. Kanem‐Bornu was a trans‐Saharan empire with possessions in the Fezzan as well as in Bilma; it reached its largest territorial extent in the 16th and 17th centuries before being invaded by a Sudanese warlord in 1893 and colonized by the Europeans at the beginning of the 20th century. Kanem‐Bornu presents four distinguishing features: an enduring state structure, the wealth of its written and oral sources, the early presence of Islam and the importance of the trans‐Saharan trade.
Spartan Empire
Authors: Kennell Nigel
Published: January 2016

Following Lysander's victory over the Athenians at the naval battle of Aegospotami in 404
bce
, the Spartans exercised a short‐lived, contested dominance over many cities in Greece that is often called the Spartan Empire. At the empire's zenith, Sparta was the most powerful Greek state in the Eastern Mediterranean, with a reputedly vast income from tribute paid by its subject cities. However, the empire's administration was rudimentary and Spartans were ill‐equipped institutionally and culturally to govern an empire. The influx of wealth had negative effects on the Spartan society, accelerating the decline in those able to meet the requirements of citizenship, while Sparta's economic system offered no incentives to develop imperial trade.
Serbian Empire
Authors: Dzino Danijel
Published: January 2016

The Serbian Empire is the product of policies and military success of the Serbian king Stefan Uroš IV, better known as Stefan Dušan (r.1331–1355), who crowned himself the emperor “of the Serbs and the Greeks” in 1346. The empire effectively existed in name until the death of Dušan's son Uroš in 1371, when it split into smaller parts.
Suez Crisis and the end of empire
Authors: Smith Simon C.
Published: January 2016

The Suez crisis of 1956, which was precipitated by the President Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt's nationalization of the Suez Canal Company in 1956, culminated in an Anglo‐French‐Israeli assault on Egypt at the end of the year. Although militarily successful, the attack was halted before the Canal had been re‐occupied by a combination of economic and diplomatic pressure on the three aggressors. The impact of the Suez crisis on the end of European empires, especially the British and French, is contested although recent studies have sought to downplay its role in rapid decolonization after 1956.
Hephthalite Khanate
Authors: Kurbanov Aydogdy
Published: January 2016

The Early Medieval era (4th–6th centuries
ce
) is one of the most intricate periods in the history of Central Asia, involving the “Great Movement of Peoples,” a migration of nomadic peoples (Huns) from Asia to Europe. In Central and South Asia there existed great empires, including Sasanian Iran, Gupta India, and several smaller states. During this time, mysterious new peoples – the Hephthalites – whose origin is still debated, appeared across Central Asia. Some scholars suggest that they were a part of a Hunnic confederation, while others propose that each of them had a different origin. In the 5th and 6th centuries
ce
, the Hephthalites founded a great empire in the territories of the modern states of Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and China. They dominated in that region for two centuries.
Tepanec Empire
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: January 2016

The Tepanec Empire was a central Mexican polity associated with the Aztec king, Tezozomoc, who ruled 1371 to 1426
ce
from the city of Azcapotzalco. One of the early Aztec kings, Tezozomoc, conquered other Aztec city‐states and created an empire of indirect control that covered the western half of the Basin of Mexico and adjacent lands to the south and west. He was not able to conquer the Acolhua Empire of Texcoco, however. Upon Tezozomoc's death, an alliance of groups defeated the Tepanec armies, leading to the formation of the better‐known “Aztec Empire” based in Tenochtitlan. Although the later empire adopted many of the institutions and practices of the Tepanec Empire, an early ruler of Tenochtitlan, Itzcoatl, destroyed existing historical books in order to erase the memory of Tezozomoc and the Tepanec Empire.
Toltec Empire
Authors: Smith Michael E.
Published: January 2016

The Toltec Empire is a label for the polity centered at the city of Tollan (Tula) in central Mexico during the Early Postclassic period (950–1150
ce
). Tollan was a large city engaged in active commerce with all parts of Mesoamerica. Scholars are split on whether the term “empire” is appropriate for this polity, which covered some 8000 square kilometers. Those arguing for an imperial status base their interpretations on the histories of the later Aztec peoples, who looked back to the Toltecs as their revered ancestors. Others point to the lack of clear evidence for imperial organization or the control of territory and suggest that Tula ruled a regional state without imperial status. Reconciliation of these views will require new archaeological evidence.