bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving the effect of radiation therapy by inducing reoxygenation of lung cancer cells through aerobic exercise
Authors: Jeon Jaewan , Park Geumju , Do Hwan-kwon , Kang JiHoon , Jo Sunmi , Youn BuHyun
Published: July 2023

In the field of radiation therapy, the oxygen effect is the most important key factor in increasing the treatment efficiency. Many researchers have studied methods for causing reoxygenation inside tumor cells. This study was conducted to determine whether reoxygenation is induced through relatively accessible aerobic exercise. The animals were injected with 5×105A549 cells in the flank and tumors were allowed to develop. Upon identification of a palpable tumor (tumor volume of 200 mm3), radiation and aerobic exercise combined treatment was administered for 2 weeks. Radiation was irradiated immediately after performing aerobic exercise. Radiation was irradiated with 2 Gy to the tumor and aerobic exercise was performed at a speed of 8.0 for 30 minutes. Next, 4–6 µm sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) following standard procedures. For Ki-67 and CA IX, HIF-1α, 4-hydroxynonenal & nitrotyrosine immunohistochemistry. We confirmed that lung cancer cell growth was suppressed when aerobic exercise was combined with radiotherapy throughin vivoxenograft studies. In addition, the effect of aerobic exercise on the radiation therapy effect through reoxygenation in tumor cells was confirmed. We also confirmed that HIF-1α and CA IX expressions were significantly increased in the combination treatment group. Lastly, we performed transcriptome analysis to discover the key factors that aerobic exercise induces reoxygenation. Taken together, the results suggest that the effect of radiation therapy is enhanced through aerobic exercise, which is relatively easy to apply.
Utilization of carica papaya seeds as natural coagulants for turbidity removal from wastewater
Authors: Hosseini Morteza
Published: July 2023

In this research, turbidity was eliminated using the natural coagulant Carica papaya. Using wastewater from an industrial park in Mazandaran, Iran, and a salt solution of NaCl, this investigation sought to improve the coagulant efficiency. The greatest amount of turbidity clearance was determined by examining the effects of pH and coagulant dosage. After 30 minutes of treatment, the use of Carica papayaseeds at the recommended dosage of 200 mg/L resulted in the greatest turbidity reduction effectiveness of 89%. Under ideal circumstances, alum concentrations of 100 mg/L and Carica papaya seeds concentrations of 100 mg/L after 30 minutes of treatment, dual flocculation of Carica papaya seeds and alum had a synergistic effect, resulting in a maximum turbidity reduction of 95%. Utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD), the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process was improved. On the elimination of turbidity, the impacts of three parameters, contact time, pH, and natural coagulant dosage were assessed. The flocculation process was clarified by the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) investigations. The findings showed that the active components of Carica papaya seeds, such as proteins, polysaccharides, and fiber, contribute to their capacity to coagulate turbidity.
Social Media Interventions for Nutrition Education Among Adolescents: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Kulandaivelu Yalinie , Hamilton Jill , Banerjee Ananya , Gruzd Anatoliy , Patel Barkha , Stinson Jennifer
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Adolescence is a critical period for reinforcing healthy dietary behaviors and supporting the development of cooking skills. Social media may be an avenue for supporting these behaviors, as it is popular among adolescents and can improve access to nutrition education interventions. This study sought to understand the optimal implementation of effective social media–based nutrition education interventions to inform the implementation of future social media–based nutrition education interventions.

OBJECTIVE

A scoping review of the characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media–based nutrition education interventions for adolescents was conducted.

METHODS

We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases using a predefined search strategy. Primary research articles were independently screened and included if they involved adolescent populations (10-18 years old) and delivered nutrition education through social media. The information on intervention characteristics, feasibility, effectiveness, and factors influencing social media–based nutrition education interventions was extracted.

RESULTS

A total of 28 publications out of 20,557 met the eligibility criteria. Twenty-five nutrition interventions were examined by 28 studies. Fourteen interventions used homegrown social media platforms, 8 used Facebook, and 2 used Instagram. Feasibility outcomes were infrequently reported, and the cost of intervention delivery was not reported. Engagement with interventions was variable; high engagement was not required to elicit significant improvements in dietary behaviors. Tailoring interventions, offering practical content, meaningful peer support, and involving families and communities facilitated successful interventions. Strategies to address engagement and technical issues were varied.

CONCLUSIONS

Emerging evidence demonstrates that social media interventions for adolescent nutrition are acceptable and improve nutrition outcomes. Future interventions should strengthen peer support components and tailor delivery to specific populations. Further research should examine engagement, adherence, and the impact of interventions on behavioral and physical outcomes. This review is the first to examine the use of social media as the primary medium for nutrition education for adolescent populations. The analysis used in this review argues the importance of peer support in social media–based nutrition interventions and the need for user-centered design of the interventions.
Managing epidermolysis bullosa in a resource poor environment (Preprint)
Authors: Wilson Anna , Murrell Dedee
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND

Epidermolysis bullosa is a global orphan genetic disease. EB treatments such as expensive dressings are often unavailable in resource poor environments.

OBJECTIVE

To identify treatments that can be used in resource poor areas to prolong life and improve the quality of life in EB.

METHODS

We searched Embase, Scopus and Cochrane between 2000 and 19th June 2023 to identify epidermolysis bullosa treatments.

RESULTS

Numerous treatments range from keeping wounds clean to newer gene therapies.

CONCLUSIONS

There is anecdotal evidence that repurposed anti-inflammatory medications can be used in the management of EB in resource poor settings.
Flexible foliar stoichiometry reduces the magnitude of the global land carbon sink
Authors: Hauser Emma , Wieder William R , Bonan Gordon B , Cleveland Cory C.
Published: July 2023

Increased plant growth under elevated CO2 slows the pace of climate
warming and underlies projections of terrestrial carbon (C) and climate
dynamics. However, this important ecosystem service may be diminished by
concurrent changes to vegetation carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratios.
Despite clear observational evidence of increasing foliar C:N under
elevated CO2 , our understanding of potential ecological consequences of
foliar stoichiometric flexibility is incomplete. Here, we illustrate
that when we incorporated CO2-driven increases in foliar stoichiometry
into the Community Land Model the projected land C sink decreased
two-fold by the end of the century compared to simulations with fixed
foliar chemistry. Further, CO2-driven increases in foliar C:N profoundly
altered Earth’s hydrologic cycle, reducing evapotranspiration and
increasing runoff; and reduced belowground N cycling rates. These
findings underscore the urgency of further research to examine both the
direct and indirect effects of changing foliar stoichiometry on soil N
cycling and plant productivity.
What Factors Influence the Shaping of Urban Public Spaces for Sports Cities? A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-Taesh Najmaldin , Ujma-Wąsowicz Katarzyna
Published: July 2023

In recent years, the concept of developing sports cities has gained popularity and become a notable trend. Urban public spaces have played an important role as suitable venues for informal sporting activities in cities. Policymakers and scholars have come to realize that an aesthetically pleasing and well-designed public space can encourage and increase participation in sports. This systematic review aims to identify the factors that influence the shaping of public spaces for sports cities accessible to all. Ten electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between 2010 and 2022. The data were independently assessed and extracted by two reviewers. Full-text copies of 68 articles were read, and 24 articles meeting the inclusion criteria were included in this review. A synthesized descriptive analysis of the data was then performed. The results of this review identified factors that influence the shaping of urban public spaces for sports cities, including spatial sports facilities, organizational and programmatic factors, and environmental factors. Some factors can facilitate sports and physical activity, while others may act as barriers and have a negative impact on participants. This study recommends summarizing the policy and practice implications of these results for promoting sports cities to address these barriers and make sporting activities more accessible to all.
Modern Trends of Organization of the Underground Urban Space
Authors: Praslova Valentyna , Riabets Yuliia
Published: July 2023

The article is devoted to important issues of perspective modern organizational tendencies of underground urban space. Innovative world experience of organization of underground space and its use by creating underground buildings and structures for optimal working, living, recreation and movement of the urban population, increasing the area of open green spaces on the surface, creating a comfortable and aesthetically attractive urban environment are reviewed. The ecological, economic, political and cultural features that influence the formation and development of underground space in terms of sustainable development are analyzed. The architectural and spatial structure and functional features of underground permanent cities are considered. The basic modern tendencies of the organization of underground urban space are defined in the town-planning architectural-spatial, functional aspects and aspects of sustainable development.
Photocatalytic Decolourization of Rhodamine B by Modified Photo-Fenton Process with Quasicrystals – Preliminary Research
Authors: Łoński Sylwester , Łoński Wojciech , Babilas Rafał , Barbusiński Krzysztof
Published: July 2023

A novel photocatalytic process using a modification of photo-Fenton reaction, with sodium percarbonate (SP), as an alternative source of H2O2, and alloy Al65Cu20Fe15 containing, among others, quasicrystals (of the percentage composition Al65Cu20Fe15), being a source of iron ions, effectively decolourizes the aqueous solution of rhodamine B (RB; solution of 5 mg/l). The source of UV radiation was a lamp with a power of 36 W. The experiments were carried out at pH = 7 and reaction time (from 5 to 60 min). The increase in SP concentration (in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l) significantly increased the degree of degradation of RB and the reaction rate. However, the use of quasicrystals, in the range of 8.3 to 33.3 g/l, was also important in the modified photocatalytic photo-Fenton process. The best degradation effects of RB (95%) were obtained for the highest SP concentration of 33.3 g/l and the lowest quasicrystal concentration of 8.3 g/l. On the other hand, visual decolourization of RB was obtained with an efficiency of 70% for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 16.7 g/l and 16.7 g/l, respectively, after 45 minutes, and for SP and quasicrystal concentrations of 33.3 g/l and 8.3 g/l, respectively, after the time of 20 minutes. The best RB degradation effects in the comparative method (UV/Na2CO3·1.5H2O2 without the addition of quasicrystals) were only 52.7%. The obtained results encourage further research to optimize the conditions of the proposed method and to investigate its applicability to other types of dyes and pollutants.
Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural network procedures for the consumption of hard water-based kidney function
Authors: Sabir Zulqurnain , Umar Muhammad
Published: July 2023

Water resources in Nusa Tenggara Timur have great concentrations based on magnesium and calcium ions thus being referred to as “hard water”. Prolonged hard water consumption has become a reason of kidney disfunction that can cause additional illnesses, like cerebrovascular pathologies and diabetes. Hence, it is crucial to comprehend how drinking hard water affects renal functions. The current study shows the kidney dysfunction model based on hard water consumption by applying the stochastic procedures of the Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation neural networks (LMBNNs). The kidney dysfunction model of hard water consumption depends upon human components and water. Human dynamics is further divided into susceptible, infected and recovered, while water components are categorized into calcium and magnesium concentration. The log-sigmoid transfer function along with 20 hidden neurons is used to present the solutions of the model. Three cases of the model have been numerically stimulated and the correctness of the stochastic technique is perceived by using the comparison of proposed and reference Adam databased solutions along with the negligible absolute error. Training, validation and testing performances have been applied to reduce the values of the mean square error. Moreover, the statistical performances using the transition of state, error histograms and regression/correlation have been validated to authenticate the reliability of the scheme.
The analysis of exact solitons solutions in monomode optical fibers to the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger system by the compatible techniques
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Haris Hamza , Waheed Abdul , Faheem Muhammad
Published: July 2023

In this research work, we employ the unified method, the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion method (ShGEEM), and the extended rational sine-cosine/sinh-cosh method to derive the novel optical solitons solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear dynamical conformable fractional generalized Schrödinger system in monomode optical fibers. We extract the optical soliton solutions in diverse forms like, dark, bright, combinations of dark-bright, periodic, and singular solutions, that are presented by trigonometric functions, and hyperbolic functions. The employed procedures are useful in order to clarify nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs) and secure new exact solutions in addition to previously recovered ones. The accuracy of these answers has been verified for all extracted results using the Mathematica. The 3D surface plots, 2D line plots, and associated contour graphs are used to analyze the obtained solutions to visualize and support the theoretical conclusions using appropriate parameter values. The findings of this research demonstrate the efficacy of the approaches exploited in enhancing nonlinear dynamical behavior.
Component composition of essential oil of Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch & C.A. Mey and its biological activity
Authors: Zhumagul M.Zh. , Kubentayev S.A. , Kurmanbayeva M.S. , Myrzagaliyeva A.B. , Suleimen R.N. , Suleimen Ye.M. , Samarkhanova D.
Published: July 2023

For the first time the component composition of essential oil of Rhodiola algida (Ledeb.) Fisch & C.A. Mey. family Crassulaceae, collected in places of natural growth in July 2020 in the Kazakh Altai was studied. The component composition of essential oil of this species was determined by gas chromatography and chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method of chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 100 components, of which 79 substances were identified, accounting for 82-83% of the total essential oil. Antioxidant activity was determined by the FRAP method. R. algida essential oil showed low antioxidant activity compared with butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) at concentrations of 0.25-1.0 mg/ml, confirming the antioxidant properties of R. algida. Based on the results of cytotoxic activity against Artemia salina L. larvae, it was concluded that R. algida essential oil has good lethal toxicity at all concentrations tested, which proves the cytotoxicity of R. algida. At present, studies of R. algida based on substances from this plant and methods of their analysis are of direct interest for phytopreparation.
Ecuaciones de razón de volumen para Pinus oocarpa Schiede ex Schltdl. del estado de Nayarit, México
Authors: Hernández Francisco Javier , Simental-Serrano Luis Alberto , Hernández-Díaz José Ciro , Wehenkel Christian , Prieto-Ruíz José Ángel , Nájera-Luna Juan Abel
Published: July 2023

Las ecuaciones de razón de volumen son una opción viable para estimar con precisión el volumen comercial maderable de las especies forestales. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el ajuste de tres modelos de volumen comercial asociados a la razón de la altura y tres de ahusamiento para conformar un sistema de ecuaciones de volumen comercial-ahusamiento para Pinus oocarpa en el estado de Nayarit. Los datos provienen de la medición de 76 árboles para ajustar los modelos y 20 para validarlos. El ajuste se hizo con PROC MODEL, y se aplicaron regresiones aparentemente no relacionadas (SUR) en el software estadístico SAS 9.2. Los estadísticos de ajuste fueron el Coeficiente de Determinación Ajustado, Raíz del Cuadrado Medio del Error, Coeficiente de Variación y Criterio de Información de Akaike; los de validación fueron el sesgo promedio, error absoluto promedio, porcentaje de la diferencia agregada, Coeficiente de Determinación, Raíz del Cuadrado Medio del Error y los valores del parámetro de la pendiente de la regresión lineal entre datos observados y estimados. El Coeficiente de Determinación y la Raíz del Cuadrado Medio del Error que resultaron del ajuste del mejor modelo de volumen comercial fueron 0.9727 y 0.0651, mientras que los del mejor modelo de ahusamiento fueron 0.9579 y 2.7797. En conclusión, el proceso de validación permitió seleccionar al sistema de ecuaciones de volumen comercial y ahusamiento S2 como el mejor para estimar el volumen y el diámetro a cualquier altura del fuste para P. oocarpa.
STRATEGI DINAS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA DALAM PENGARSIPAN DOKUMEN LAPORAN DESA DI KABUPATEN SIMEULUE
Authors: Br Ujung Tetty Kisniati , Ilhamsyah Fadhil
Published: July 2023

This study discusses the design of a manual archive system in the Simeulue Regency Village Community Empowerment Service in the field of Mukim and Village Community Empowerment where the design of an archive system is made to store documents and management is done manually. The aim of the research is to make the filing system more structured, maintained, organized and documents easy to find when needed so that it makes it easier for services in the filing field as well as makes it easier for employees to find documents that will be used or needed again and documents can be managed better by supervising and checking documents for this research method using qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach, this approach was chosen because the research was carried out directly to see the topics to be examined, conducted question and answer observations regarding the document administration process then, carried out a report document archiving strategy by making archival designs . Data collection techniques by means of observation, interviews, document data related to DPMD. The design of the archive system is the creation or drawing of a form that has the aim of meeting the needs of the archives in the Office. Archives are a proof or as a reminder that a report or document has arrived to an agency or service where one day the documents will be needed again. Archives are a requirement that has a function as storage, management, and retrieval of needed archives.
EFFECT OF POURING TIME ON DIMENSIONAL CHANGES IN IRREVERSIBLE HYDROCOLLOID IMPRESSION MATERIAL AFTER TREATMENT WITH DISINFECTANT
Authors: Amjad Hanif  , Mehreen Imran  , Hina Rehman  , Zudia Riaz  , Mahrukh Muhammad  , Zia ur Rehman
Published: July 2023

Objectives: To assess the eff ect of pouring time on dimensional changes of alginate impression material after disinfection.Materials and Methods: A total of twenty impressions were made using alginate impression material. The impressions were divided into four groups designated as A, B, C and D. Group A (control) impressions were poured with dental stone immediately after rinsing with tap water. In group B and D impressions were poured after applying disinfectant spray at 10mins and 1hrdelay. Group-C impressions were poured after one hour without spraying disinfectant. All the impressions were poured in dental plaster. The dimensional changes in the diameter and height of the raised column and the distance between two lines were recorded on using a digital Vernier caliper with 0.01mm accuracy. P value less than 0.05 was taken as signifi cant.Results: The diameter of the raised column in various groups showed insignifi cant changes (p>0.05) when compared to each other except group D which showed signifi cant dimensional change on comparison with group A (p<0.05). Similarly C-D distance and height of the raised column exhibited insignifi cant changes when compared to each other (p>0.05)Conclusion: The dimensional stability of the alginate impression material was aff ected neither by the application of disinfectant nor by delaying pouring up to one hour after taking the impression.
Analisis Variasi Diameter Main Jet Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Motor Bensin Silinder Tunggal
Authors: Joni
Published: July 2023

Dalam penelitian ini pengujian pada motor bensin empat langkah satu silinder berpendingin udara, dimulai dari diameter main jet standar 0,72 dan variasi main jet dengan diameter 0,78, 0,85 dan 0,95 mm. Pengujian dilakukan secara wide open throttle sekitar 75% bukaan katup gas (kurang lebih 1600 rpm tanpa beban) dengan dinamometer. Pengambilan data untuk satu pengujian dilakukan selama 100 detik dengan memberi pembebanan air masuk dinamometer pada peralatan uji TecQuipment VDAS. Hasil penelitian dan analisis data yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa, penggunaan variasi main jet pada motor bensin empat langkah silinder tunggal dapat meningkatkan torsi, daya efektif, tekanan efektif rata-rata, dan effisiensi thermal mesin, dan menaikan konsumsi bahan bakar (sfc). Nilai optimal terdapat pada penggunaan variasi main jet 0,95 dibanding main jet standar (0,72) dengan persentase kenaikan rata-rata yaitu daya sebesar 5,42%, torsi sebesar 0,91%, Sfc sebesar 24,98%, bmep sebesar 0,91%, sedangkan efisiensi thermal mengalami penurunan terendah pada mainjet 0,95 sebesar 40%.
Pengaruh Proporsi Tepung Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) dan Tepung Gembili (Discorea esculentra) dengan Penambahan Gliserol Monostearat Terhadap Karakteristik Mi Basah
Authors: Akbar  , Winarti Sri , Rosida
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi tepung sagu dan tepung gembili terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan organoleptik mi basah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang menggabungkan dua faktor, dimana faktor I adalah proporsi tepung sagu dan tepung gembili yang terdiri dari tiga level (A1(80:20), A2(70:30), A3(60:40)) dan faktor II adalah konsentrasi gliserol monostearat yang terdiri dari tiga level (B1(1%), B2(3%), B3(4,5%)) tiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 2 kali. Perlakuan yang memiliki pengaruh nyata diuji lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan terbaik pada proporsi tepung sagu dan tepung gembili (80:20) dan konsentrasi gliserol monostearat 4,5% menghasilkan mi basah dengan kriteria kadar air 27,18%, kadar abu 0,92%, kadar lemak 11,39%, kadar protein 4,86%, karbohidrat by difference 55,59%, kadar pati 39,74%, kadar serat pangan 3,57%, cooking loss 12,46%, elastisitas 23,66, daya rehidrasi 33,56, dan uji organoleptik rasa 4,08, aroma 3,40, warna 4,20, dan tekstur 4,16.
A self-repair history: compensatory effect of a de novo variant on the FANCA c.2778+83C>G splicing mutation
Authors: Persico Ilaria , Fontana Giorgia , Faleschini Michela , Zanchetta Melania Eva , Ammeti Daniele , Cappelli Enrico , Corsolini Fabio , Mosa Clara , Guarina Angela , Bogliolo Massimo , Surrallés Jordi , Dufour Carlo , Farruggia Piero , Savoia Anna , Bottega Roberta
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genome instability condition that drives somatic mosaicism in up to 25% of all patients, a phenomenon now acknowledged as a good prognostic factor. Herein, we describe the case of P1, a FA proband carrying a splicing variant, molecularly compensated by a de novo insertion.

Methods and Results: Targeted next-generation sequencing on P1’s peripheral blood DNA detected the known FANCA c.2778 + 83C > G intronic mutation and suggested the presence of a large deletion on the other allele, which was then assessed by MLPA and RT-PCR. To determine the c.2778 + 83C > G splicing effect, we performed a RT-PCR on P1’s lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) and on the LCL of another patient (P2) carrying the same variant. Although we confirmed the expected alternative spliced form with a partial intronic retention in P2, we detected no aberrant products in P1’s sample. Sequencing of P1’s LCL DNA allowed identification of the de novo c.2778 + 86insT variant, predicted to compensate 2778 + 83C > G impact. Albeit not found in P1’s bone marrow (BM) DNA, c.2778 + 86insT was detected in a second P1’s LCL established afterward, suggesting its occurrence at a low level in vivo. Minigene assay recapitulated the c.2778 + 83C > G effect on splicing and the compensatory role of c.2778 + 86insT in re-establishing the physiological mechanism. Accordingly, P1’s LCL under mitomycin C selection preserved the FA pathway activity in terms of FANCD2 monoubiquitination and cell survival.

Discussion: Our findings prove the role of c.2778 + 86insT as a second-site variant capable of rescuing c.2778 + 83C > G pathogenicity in vitro, which might contribute to a slow hematopoietic deterioration and a mild hematologic evolution.
Sampling locations and processing methods shape fungi microbiome on the surface of edible and medicinal Arecae semen
Authors: Wei Guangfei , Xu Jia , Zhang Zhaoyu , Zhang Guozhuang , Chen Shilin , Dong Linlin
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Arecae semen, which is derived from the dried ripe seed of Areca catechu L., has been commonly used as one of the major traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). Three types of crude herbal preparations, namely, raw Arecae semen (AS), Arecae semen tostum (SAS), and Arecae semen carbonisata (FAS), are available for different clinical applications in TCMs. Although aflatoxin contamination in Arecae semen has been reported preliminarily, only a few studies have been conducted on fungal contamination.

Methods

In this study, the presence of fungi on the surface of three Arecae semen (AS, SAS, and FAS) that collected from four provinces were investigated using high-throughput sequencing and internal transcribed spacer 2.

Results

Results showed that the phyla Ascomycota (75.45%) and Basidiomycota (14.29%) and the genera Wallemia (7.56%), Botryosphaeria (6.91%), Davidiella (5.14%), and Symbiotaphrina (4.87%) were the dominant fungi, and they presented significant differences in four areas and three processed products (p < 0.05). The α-diversity and network complexity exhibited significant differences in the four sampling locations (p < 0.05), with higher in Yunnan (Chao 1, 213.45; Shannon, 4.61; average degree, 19.96) and Hainan (Chao 1, 198.27; Shannon, 4.21; average degree, 22.46) provinces. Significant differences were noted in the three processed samples; and SAS group had highest α-diversity (Chao 1, 167.80; Shannon, 4.54) and network complexity (average degree, 18.32).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the diversity and composition of microbiome on the surface of Arecae semen were shaped by sampling location and processing methods. This work provides details on the surface microbiome of Arecae semen samples and highlights the importance of roles of origin and processing methods in microbiomes, ensuring drug efficacy and food safety.
Differential expression of GABAA receptor subunits δ and α6 mediates tonic inhibition in parvalbumin and somatostatin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Huang Tzu-Hsuan , Lin Yi-Sian , Hsiao Chiao-Wan , Wang Liang-Yun , Ajibola Musa Iyiola , Abdulmajeed Wahab Imam , Lin Yu-Ling , Li Yu-Jui , Chen Cho-Yi , Lien Cheng-Chang , Chiu Cheng-Di , Cheng Irene Han-Juo
Published: July 2023

Inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons mediate inhibition in neuronal circuitry and support normal brain function. Consequently, dysregulation of inhibition is implicated in various brain disorders. Parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) interneurons, the two major types of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the hippocampus, exhibit distinct morpho-physiological properties and coordinate information processing and memory formation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the specialized properties of PV and SST interneurons remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the transcriptomic differences between these two classes of interneurons in the hippocampus using the ribosome tagging approach. The results revealed distinct expressions of genes such as voltage-gated ion channels and GABAA receptor subunits between PV and SST interneurons. Gabrd and Gabra6 were identified as contributors to the contrasting tonic GABAergic inhibition observed in PV and SST interneurons. Moreover, some of the differentially expressed genes were associated with schizophrenia and epilepsy. In conclusion, our results provide molecular insights into the distinct roles of PV and SST interneurons in health and disease.
Harmonization of multi-site functional MRI data with dual-projection based ICA model
Authors: Xu Huashuai , Hao Yuxing , Zhang Yunge , Zhou Dongyue , Kärkkäinen Tommi , Nickerson Lisa D. , Li Huanjie , Cong Fengyu
Published: July 2023

Modern neuroimaging studies frequently merge magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from multiple sites. A larger and more diverse group of participants can increase the statistical power, enhance the reliability and reproducibility of neuroimaging research, and obtain findings more representative of the general population. However, measurement biases caused by site differences in scanners represent a barrier when pooling data collected from different sites. The existence of site effects can mask biological effects and lead to spurious findings. We recently proposed a powerful denoising strategy that implements dual-projection (DP) theory based on ICA to remove site-related effects from pooled data, demonstrating the method for simulated and in vivo structural MRI data. This study investigates the use of our DP-based ICA denoising method for harmonizing functional MRI (fMRI) data collected from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange II. After frequency-domain and regional homogeneity analyses, two modalities, including amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo), were used to validate our method. The results indicate that DP-based ICA denoising method removes unwanted site effects for both two fMRI modalities, with increases in the significance of the associations between non-imaging variables (age, sex, etc.) and fMRI measures. In conclusion, our DP method can be applied to fMRI data in multi-site studies, enabling more accurate and reliable neuroimaging research findings.
Triticeae crop genome biology: an endless frontier
Authors: Gao Zhaoxu , Bian Jianxin , Lu Fei , Jiao Yuling , He Hang
Published: July 2023

Triticeae, the wheatgrass tribe, includes several major cereal crops and their wild relatives. Major crops within the Triticeae are wheat, barley and rye which are important for human consumption, animal feed, and rangeland protection. Species within this tribe are known for their large genomes and complex genetic histories. Powered by recent advances in sequencing technology, researchers worldwide have made progress in elucidating the genomes of Triticeae crops. In addition to assemblies of high-quality reference genomes, pan-genome studies have just started to capture the genomic diversities of these species, shedding light on our understanding of the genetic basis of domestication and environmental adaptation of Triticeae crops. In this review, we focus on recent signs of progress in genome sequencing, pan-genome analyses, and resequencing analysis of Triticeae crops. We also propose future research avenues in Triticeae crop genomes, including identifying genome structure variations, the association of genomic regions with desired traits, mining functions of the non-coding area, introgression of high-quality genes from wild Triticeae resources, genome editing, and integration of genomic resources.
The co-construction of a reading assessment measure with adults with Down syndrome: a meaningful literacy approach
Authors: Frizelle Pauline , O’Donovan Sean , Jolley Mary , Martin Lisa , Hart Nicola
Published: July 2023

Introduction

The need to develop appropriate measures of broad-based reading-related literacy skills for adults with Down syndrome has been highlighted in the literature. In this study we aimed to co-construct a valid and reliable assessment measure that can be used to document meaningful everyday reading, in adolescents and adults with Down syndrome.

Methods

The study was carried out in two stages. Stage 1 used an inclusive participatory design in which individuals with Down syndrome were research collaborators (n = 46). Items to be included in the measure were identified and ecological, face and content validity were established through an iterative process. In stage 2 we examined the reliability of the tool and explored potential relationships between meaningful reading score and (1) age, (2) receptive vocabulary, and (3) reading ability as measured by standardized assessments. In addition, we profiled what a pilot cohort of adults with Down syndrome read (n = 33) and how they experience reading in their everyday lives.

Results

Results showed that 46 items were generated for inclusion in the Meaningful Reading Measure (MRM). Our preliminary data showed that the tool has internal and external reliability and ecological and content validity. There were no associations between meaningful reading score and any of the other variables examined. There was considerable variability in items read (range 12–44) which reflected a broad range of reading practices. Adults with Down syndrome identified the importance of reading as a pleasurable activity and as something that aids learning.

Conclusion:

The MRM developed here can be used (1) as a reading intervention outcome measure to complement existing standardized tools, (2) to profile meaningful reading in adults with Down syndrome, (3) to guide reading module content, and (4) to capture change in adults’ perceptions of themselves as readers. Future work is needed to establish the tool’s sensitivity to change over time.
Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the ear canals of dogs in Japan
Authors: Elfadadny Ahmed , Uchiyama Jumpei , Goto Kazuyoshi , Imanishi Ichiro , Ragab Rokaia F. , Nageeb Wedad M. , Iyori Keita , Toyoda Yoichi , Tsukui Toshihiro , Ide Kaori , Kawamoto Keiko , Nishifuji Koji
Published: July 2023

The strong bond between dogs and their owners creates a close association that could result in the transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from canines to humans, potentially leading to the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes.Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common causative agent of persistent ear infections in dogs, is often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Assessing the antimicrobial resistance profile and genotype ofP. aeruginosais crucial for the appropriate use of veterinary pharmaceuticals. However, in recent years, few studies have been conducted on this bacterium in Japan. We determined the antimicrobial resistance profile and genotype ofP. aeruginosaisolated from the ear canal of dogs in Japan in 2020. Analysis of antimicrobial resistance using disk diffusion tests indicated a high frequency of resistance to most antimicrobial agents. Particularly, 29 isolates from the ear canals of the 29 affected dogs (100%) were resistant to cefovecin, cefpodoxime, and florfenicol; however, they were susceptible to cefepime and piperacillin/tazobactam. Only 3.4, 10.3, and 10.3% of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, tobramycin, and gentamicin, respectively. Furthermore, upon analyzing the population structure using multilocus sequence typing, a considerably large clonal complex was not observed in the tested isolates. Three isolates, namely ST3881, ST1646, and ST532, were clonally related to the clinically isolated sequence types in Japan (such as ST1831, ST1413, ST1812, and ST1849), which is indicative of dog-to-human transmission. Considering the variation in antibiotic resistance compared to that reported by previous studies and the potential risk of dog-to-human transmission, we believe that the survey for antimicrobial resistance profile and population structure should be continued regularly. However, the prevalence of multidrug-resistantP. aeruginosain dogs in Japan is not a crisis.
YOLOv5-ASFF: A Multistage Strawberry Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Li Yaodi , Xue Jianxin , Zhang Mingyue , Yin Junyi , Liu Yang , Qiao Xindan , Zheng Decong , Li Zezhen
Published: July 2023

The smart farm is currently a hot topic in the agricultural industry. Due to the complex field environment, the intelligent monitoring model applicable to this environment requires high hardware performance, and there are difficulties in realizing real-time detection of ripe strawberries on a small automatic picking robot, etc. This research proposes a real-time multistage strawberry detection algorithm YOLOv5-ASFF based on improved YOLOv5. Through the introduction of the ASFF (adaptive spatial feature fusion) module into YOLOv5, the network can adaptively learn the fused spatial weights of strawberry feature maps at each scale as a way to fully obtain the image feature information of strawberries. To verify the superiority and availability of YOLOv5-ASFF, a strawberry dataset containing a variety of complex scenarios, including leaf shading, overlapping fruit, and dense fruit, was constructed in this experiment. The method achieved 91.86% and 88.03% for mAP and F1, respectively, and 98.77% for AP of mature-stage strawberries, showing strong robustness and generalization ability, better than SSD, YOLOv3, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5s. The YOLOv5-ASFF algorithm can overcome the influence of complex field environments and improve the detection of strawberries under dense distribution and shading conditions, and the method can provide technical support for monitoring yield estimation and harvest planning in intelligent strawberry field management.
QTL-seq Identifies Genomic Regions Associated with Resistance to Dirty Panicle Disease in Rice
Authors: Riangwong Kanamon , Aesomnuk Wanchana , Sonsom Yupin , Siangliw Meechai , Unartngam Jintana , Toojinda Theerayut , Wanchana Samart , Arikit Siwaret
Published: July 2023

Dirty panicle disease is one of the most important diseases that can cause yield losses in rice production. Despite the severity of the disease, the molecular basis of resistance to the pathogen is poorly understood. Using QTL-seq with an F2 population, we identified three genomic regions on chromosomes 1, 9, and 10, namely qDP1, qDP9, and qDP10. These regions are significantly associated with resistance to dirty panicle disease caused by two fungal pathogens, Bioplaris oryzae and Cirvularia lunata. qDP1 was significantly associated only with resistance to B. oryzae, whereas qDP9 and qDP10 were significantly associated with both B. oryzae and C. lunata. We also developed KASP markers for each QTL detected and validated them in the F2 population. The markers were able to explain phenotypic variation in a range of 5.87–15.20%. Twelve potential candidate genes with annotated functions as resistance-related genes were proposed. These candidate genes include those encoding RLK, MATE, WAK, NBS-LRR, subtilisin-like protease, and ankyrin repeat proteins. The results of this study provide insights into the genetic mechanism of dirty panicles in rice and will be useful for future breeding programs for dirty panicle resistance. This is the first report of QTLs associated with resistance to dirty panicle disease in rice.
Effect of Exogenous Nutrient Addition on Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization and Stabilization
Authors: Duan Bowei , Yu An , Zhang Hailin
Published: July 2023

Soil organic carbon (SOC) pools have the potential to attain sustainable agriculture goals under climate change. External organic and inorganic nutrient inputs considerably affect SOC mineralization and SOC pools. Therefore, a laboratory-based, three-factor soil incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of different exogenous nutrient additions on the mineralization and stability of SOC. The study investigated the effects of three fertilizer types (inorganic, organic, and a combination of inorganic and organic) and three rates of fertilizer addition (low, medium, and high) while considering two temperature levels (15 °C and 25 °C). At 25 °C, the application of fertilizer at a high rate significantly increased the SOC mineralization (2.84–19.97%) compared to fertilizer applied at a low rate, while, at 15 °C, different fertilizer types had no significant impact. Overall, fertilization resulted in an increase in the total potential mineralizable carbon (7.87–84.50%), while the rate of decomposition was decreased. The priming effect of inorganic fertilizer decreased over time, with the main effect observed during the initial 14 days. The addition of organic fertilizer resulted in a lesser increment in the soil activity index while simultaneously yielding a higher Q10 compared to inorganic fertilizer. Overall, the mixed application of organic and inorganic fertilizers was suggested to improve SOC stabilization and promote sustainable agricultural development.
Content Patterns of Maize Endogenous Hormones and Grain Yield Influenced by Field Phosphorus Application
Authors: Zhang Yingxin , Wei Wenliang , Gao Wenlong , Cui Hao , Xu Xuelei , Jiang Wen , Liu Shutang
Published: July 2023

The content of plant endogenous hormones could be influenced by fertilization, which play an important regulatory role in plant growth and yield formation. However, the effects of phosphate (P) application rates on the dynamical changes in the exogenous hormone content in maize plants to support high-yield production are still unclear. An experiment with six P application rates was designed (P1, 0 kg ha−1; P2, 20 kg ha−1; P3, 40 kg ha−1; P4, 60 kg ha−1; P5, 80 kg ha−1; and P6, 100 kg ha−1), aimed at determining the distribution or biosynthesis of phytohormones in maize roots and leaves, and clarifying the role of P fertilization in the formation of phytohormones. The results showed that P fertilization significantly increased the content of IAA, by 51.57%, and significantly decreased the contents of ABA and GA3, by 18.92% and 19.13% on average compared to P1. The highest increase in IAA was 99.02%, and the highest decreases in ABA and GA3 were 32.30% and 26.85%, respectively, in the P6 treatment in maize roots. Meanwhile, an increase in the IAA (41.34%), SA (27.58%), and GA3 (37.36%) contents and a decrease in the ABA (19.18%) content in maize leaves were observed. The highest increases in IAA, GA3, and SA in the P6 treatment in maize leaves were 57.5%, 62.50%, and 48.57%, respectively, and the highest decrease in ABA was 28.05%. Meanwhile, different contents of endogenous hormones in maize roots and leaves were observed at various maize growth stages. The maize phenotypes and soil available P content were increased with P application as well. A Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that endogenous hormones were significantly correlated with maize phenotypes and yield. Our results confirmed that P fertilization could change the content of endogenous hormones in maize roots and leaves; P6 was the best treatment for improving the endogenous hormone contents in maize plants, P3 was the best for improving the maize grain yield. Overall, 40 kg ha−1 is recommended as the best P application rate under the experimental conditions, considering the economic cost and environmental effects.
Biostimulants Improve Yield and Quality in Preharvest without Impinging on the Postharvest Quality of Hass Avocado and Mango Fruit: Evaluation under Organic and Traditional Systems
Authors: Rojas-Rodríguez Mariana Lucia , Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , González-Concha Luis Felipe , Balaguera-López Helber Enrique
Published: July 2023

The fruit agribusiness sector is one of the most dynamic in Colombia. Within this sector, avocado and mango are of great importance, both in terms of area planted and volume exported. Increasing the productivity, quality, and postharvest life of these fruits is a priority, due to the high losses that occur in the preharvest and postharvest stages. One current alternative to achieve this are biostimulants, which have the potential to improve the productivity and quality of fruit. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the preharvest application of two biostimulants on the yield and quality of avocados and mangos. The study was carried out in production systems for cv. Hass avocado (traditional and organic) and cv. Keitt mango (traditional). In each system, two treatments were evaluated: conventional and conventional + biostimulant. Under field conditions, yield and quality variables such as weight, number of fruits, visual appearance, and size were determined. In postharvest, the fruits obtained from preharvest treatments were subjected to two storage conditions (6 and 20 °C) during the ripening process. Postharvest quality variables such as respiration, ethylene rates, weight loss, color index, firmness, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity were evaluated. The results indicated that the use of biostimulants caused a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the yield, number of fruits, and preharvest quality parameters of size and weight, without negatively affecting the postharvest quality of the fruits. The biostimulant increases the total weight of fruits in organic and conventional avocado by ~55 and 25%, respectively, while in mango, this figure increased by ~23%. Hence, biostimulants can be utilized to increase the productivity of fruit trees.