bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Groundwater quality evaluation using Water Quality Index and GIS technique for the Holocene and Pleistocene aquifers in the coastal zone of Ninh Thuan province
Authors: Trinh Hoai Thu , Tran Thi Thuy Huong , Le Thi Phuong Quynh , Vu Le Phuong , Le Duc Anh , Mai Duc Dong
Published: December 2021

This study represents the application of the Water Quality Indices (WQI) and GIS techniques to grading water pollution and the factors that influenced the groundwater quality of the Holocene (qh) and Pleistocene (qp) aquifers in the coastal zone of Ninh Thuan province. 100 underground water samples were collected from residential water well of qh aquifer (53 samples) and qp aquifer (47 samples). Water quality indices using in the study incorporated total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride (Cl-), flouride (F-), nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), iron (Fe3+), manganese (Mn2+). Calculated WQI grading scale for the groundwater quality of the 100 water samples ranged from very good to inedible for drinking purpose. The result shown the water sample graded as “excellent water quality” accounted the most (23,3% and 14,9% for the qh and qp aquifer, respectively), the followings were “good water quality” grade ranked the second (9,4% and 8,5%); “poor water quality” grade (43,4% and 30,04%); “very poor water quality” grade (1,89% and 10,64%); and “inedible” grade (16,98% and 31,9%). Water samples graded as “very poor” and “inedible” were mostly distributed on the southeast of Ninh Hai district and Tri Hai commune (Ninh Hai district), Xuan Hai and Cong Hai communes (Thuan Bac district), Phuoc Thuan (Ninh Phuoc district) of the qh aquifer, and to the south of study area of the qp aquifer because of the exceptionally high TDS. Other samples which were low on TDS but graded “bad” due to surprisingly high concentrations of other ions (Cl-, NO3-, NO2-). The result provided concreted information on the polluted agents in groundwater and a valuable tool to support authorities in management and zoning groundwater quality of the study area.
Current status and variation trend of seagrass beds in coastal water of Son Tra peninsula, Da Nang city
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Hoa , Nguyen Nhat Nhu Thuy , Nguyen Trung Hieu
Published: December 2021

Species composition of seagrasses in coastal water of Son Tra peninsula was less diverse, with three species identified. Halophila ovalis was dominant. The seagrass beds are mainly distributed in Bai Nom and Bai But, with a total area of about 1 ha. The seagrass beds had been seriously degraded in both size and structure. Approximately 9 ha of seagrass beds (90% of total area) disappeared compared with data of 2005. Halophila ovalis had only been distributed at a depth of 2–3 m. Coverage, shoot density, and biomass of seagrass beds had also decreased.
The traces of the cult of St. Raymond of Penyafort in the preaching of Fabian Birkowski. A contribution to studies on the Dominicans’ hagiographic writings in Old Poland
Authors: Rowińska-Szczepaniak Maria
Published: December 2021

St. Raymond of Penyafort is not contemporarily a well-known figure in Poland. Neither was he in the days of Old Poland, when he enjoyed popularity only within rather narrow circles. Without a doubt, in that period he was known in the environment of scholars connected with the Faculty of Law of Cracow Academy, where the chair dealing with his compilation of The Decretals of Gregory IX, stipulated in the foundation act issued already by Casimir III the Great, survived until the reform introduced by Hugo Kołłątaj (the second half of the 18th century). If he was regarded as an outstanding legal theorist in the circle of lawyers, he was worshipped as a saint primarily in the Order of Preachers, the third General in the history of which he had been. The evidence of the presence of his cult among the Dominicans are, among others, the two texts of Fabian Birkowski, OP, a Baroque preacher, which are discussed in this article. They are Kazanie na dzień S. Raymunda [A sermon for the Feast Day of St. Raymond] included in the collection Kazania na święta doroczne [Sermons for Annual Holidays] (Cracow 1620) and the Latin speech under the title S. Raymundus sive mare liberum Sanctis, from the collection Orationes ecclesiasticae (Cracow 1622). In both texts, while making a presentation of the figure of St. Raymond, the preacher concentrated his attention on the Saint’s crossing the sea between Majorca and Barcelona on his Dominican’s cape. The miracle attributed to the Saint made for Birkowski the starting point for further considerations which – in the case of the sermon – concerned the spiritual light, whereas in that of the Latin oration – the missionary’s activity of the Church and in particular – Dominicans’ missions. In the sermon devoted to St. Raymond, the preacherappears as a theologian, skillfully making use of various quotations from the Bible and theological literature. In turn, the oration reveals his potential of an experienced erudite, skillfully combining biblical motifs with elements drawn from the literature of Greek-Roman antiquity. The comparative analysis of the texts confirms the Maria Rowińska-Szczepaniak, The traces of the cult of St. Raymond of Penyafort… 41 particular character of the collection Orationes ecclesiasticae in the output of Father Birkowski, encouraging scholars to conduct further studies on the speeches included in it, as well as on their place in the literature written in Latin in the days of Old Poland.
Wartość osobowa konkretnego człowieka – szkic z zakresu antropologii komunikacji
Authors: Drożdż Michał
Published: December 2021

Wartość osobowa konkretnego człowieka – szkic z zakresu antropologii komunikacji. Niniejsze opracowanie ma na celu zwrócenie uwagi na podstawowy fakt bycia człowiekiem: na podstawową prawdę, że człowiek–osoba jest kimś jedynym i niepowtarzalnym. Człowiek jest tak bogatą rzeczywistością, że wysiłek odkrywania prawdy o nim, o jego istocie i tożsamości, konfrontacja koncepcji „starych” z „nowymi”, dokonuje się na różnych drogach, różnorodnymi metodami i w różnych celach, które łączy jednak wspólne przekonanie, że stawką tych pytań i odpowiedzi, nie jest tylko abstrakcyjno-spekulatywny spór, ale prawda o człowieku, prawda o nas, będąca podstawą ludzkiego dobra i szczęścia. Celem artykułu jest próba spojrzenia na człowieka jako na konkretny podmiot osobowy w swoim niepowtarzalnym człowieczeństwie zakorzeniony w obiektywnym i uniwersalnym doświadczeniu osoby ludzkiej. Nasze analizy prowadzimy z perspektywy antropologii komunikacji, która określa ramy i zasady komunikacyjnych działań człowieka. Spojrzenie na człowieka jako na konkretną osobę z jej uwarunkowaniami życia pozwala dostrzec blaski i cienie człowieczeństwa, bogactwo i biedę warunków życia ludzkiego, sprawiedliwość i niesprawiedliwość relacji społecznych, radość życia i doświadczenie krzywdy, dobro i zło ludzkich czynów, a nade wszystko daje możliwość dostrzeżenia powszechnego pragnienia szczęścia i miłości w życiu. Niniejsze analizy są także próbą odsłony i promocji zasad szacunku dla każdego konkretnego człowieka w imię uniwersalnej wartości człowieczeństwa i godności ludzkiej, która jest wspólną, obiektywną i niezbywalną cechą konstytutywną osoby ludzkiej.
Niebezpieczeństwa wirtualizacji życia i wartości w cyberprzestrzeni
Authors: Kaszuba Paweł
Published: December 2021

Niebezpieczeństwa wirtualizacji życia i wartości w cyberprzestrzeni. W niniejszych badaniach chcemy zwrócić uwagę na to, jak cyberprzestrzeń wraz ze swoimi aplikacjami stała się generatorem procesów wirtualizacji i cyfryzacji społeczeństwa, tworząc nową jakość tej przestrzeni. Zanurzenie w przestrzeni cyfrowej nie jest procesem jednorodnym, ale raczej platformą wyrażającą wiele procesów i przemian. Zmiany te dotyczą prawie każdej sfery życia człowieka, sfery prywatnej i publicznej, kulturalnej, religijnej, wychowawczej, ekonomicznej, politycznej. W ślad za rozwojem technologii cyfrowych powinna iść zarówno teoretyczna, jak i praktyczna refleksja nad jej wpływem na człowieka, a także liczne badania dotyczące powszechnego zastosowania nowych relacji człowieka do rzeczywistości wirtualnej i cyberprzestrzeni. Analizy zostały przeprowadzone na podstawie dostępnej literatury przedmiotu, uzupełnionej artykułami dostępnymi w sieci.
Obecność tematyki zaburzeń psychicznych w polskich mediach
Authors: Dyrcz Urszula
Published: December 2021

Obecność tematyki zaburzeń psychicznych w polskich mediach. Temat artykułu skupia się wokół sposobów poruszania problemów związanych z zaburzeniami psychicznymi w polskich mediach. Celem niniejszej publikacji jest zwrócenie uwagi na obecność zagadnień dotyczących zaburzeń psychicznych w polskich programach śniadaniowych, na serwerach Instagramu, jak i YouTubie. Różnica między przedstawianiem tematyki dotyczącej depresji bądź zaburzeń lękowych w mediach tradycyjnych i w mediach społecznościowych jest ogromna. Treść jest uzupełniona badaniem ankietowym przeprowadzonym na grupie internautów, które dotyczyło ich odbioru wykorzystywania mediów społecznościowych w szerzeniu rzetelnej wiedzy o zaburzeniach natury psychicznej.
Wybrane metody kryminalistyczne użyteczne w dziennikarstwie śledczym
Authors: Uniwersał Honorata
Published: December 2021

Wybrane metody kryminalistyczne użyteczne w dziennikarstwie śledczym. Praca poświęcona jest metodom kryminalistycznym w pracy reportera śledczego. Zawód dziennikarza śledczego wymaga doświadczenia, cierpliwości i wiedzy w wielu dziedzinach naukowych. Różnorodne tematyki śledztw sprawiają, że reporterzy poznają nowe zagadnienia naukowe i się ich uczą. Jedną z takich dziedzin jest kryminalistyka, szczególnie przydatna w sprawach kryminalnych. Głównym celem artykułu jest powiązanie dziedziny kryminalistyki z dziennikarstwem śledczym i przedstawienie wybranych metod kryminalistycznych. Nie stanowią one podstawowej wiedzy, którą dziennikarze nabywają na studiach, a dodatek, który staje się przydatny przy prowadzeniu śledztw.
Motherhood in the Realm of Eastern Indian and Himalayan Art: An Iconographic Study of Visual Forms of Prajñāpāramitā from the National Museum, Delhi
Authors:   National Museum, New Delhi, India, Bhattacharya Abira ,   Institute of History of Art, Conservation and Museology (Noida Campus), Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to outline and explore the development of iconographic forms and metaphysical grounding of one of the most venerable and distinguished Buddhist female deities, Prajсāpāramitā. The Buddhist female pantheon gained a paramount pre-eminence with the idolization of Prajñāpāramitā, establishing the significance of female figure and, especially, mother symbolism during the early medieval period under the liberal patronage of the Pala dynasty of Eastern India. The religious imageries and practices of this deity gradually disseminated to the adjoining Himalayan kingdoms of Nepal and Tibet through pedagogic and religious linkages, and became an integral part of their society. To understand the factors of cross-cultural assimilation through the study of representational forms and its metaphysical grounding, the paper explores and shows the metaphorical meaning of ‘prajсā’ propounded in the Prajñāpāramitā discourse, and its representation in cultic icons of the goddess Prajñāpāramitā and the manuscript. This thematic narrative opens up new avenues of interpretations on gender-subjectivity in Buddhist cosmology and pantheistic belief system which are touched upon in this paper. The idea of pronouncement and expansion of female-oriented texts and icons is highlighted through a study of select devotional icons of this deity, Prajсāpāramitā, from the collection of the National Museum, Delhi.
Madonna del Libro in the Collection of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore: The First Data of Attribution and Technical Study of the Picture
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia, Ilichev Denis V.
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the attribution of the Madonna and Child painting from the collection of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore (Yekaterinburg), corresponding to the image of Madonna del Libro distributed in Italy in the sixteenth century. Referring to works of Italian researchers, the author reveals the original source that served as the basis for creating the iconographic work, i.e. a work of Perino del Vaga, an Italian artist. Further research helps establish the fact that the Ural canvas is a copy of an original painting of the Spanish artist Pedro de Rubiales who worked in Italy in the 1640s–1660s and reinterpreted P. del Vaga’s work. However, a technological analysis of the Ural canvas demonstrates that it was created much later, between the second quarter and the mid-nineteenth century. The unknown author of the picture studied in the article made attempts to reconstruct the technology of the original, but the discrepancies between them and the materials and methods of the Italian painting from between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries revealed in the analysis of the canvas, ground, the stratigraphy of the paint layer, and paint binder make it possible to speak about the author’s insufficient awareness of the principles of painting of the era and region he referred to in his reinterpretation. Thus, the work in question demonstrates the peculiarities of creating imitations of sixteenth-century works at a later time. The article also proposes a version on the place and time of restoration of the painting, formulated on the basis of comparing data on the use of duplication technology, the design of the subframe, the presence of a signature on the subframe, and the correlation of said features with records from the catalogue of the Nizhny Tagil collection of paintings by D. P. Shorin. They suggest that work to improve the preservation of the painting was performed in the workshops of the imperial Hermitage by restorer N. A. Sidorov.
Historical and Archival Aspects of Expertise and Attribution of N. K. Roerich’s Works
Authors:   Russian Institute of Art History, St Petersburg, Russia, Yakovleva Elena P.
Published: December 2021

Based on the materials of expert and attribution studies carried out by the author over the years, this article examines the historical and archival documents, evidence and facts used in the course of the examination and attribution of works of easel, theatrical and decorative art of Nicholas Roerich (1874–1947). Also, the author examines the role which documents from the funds of the departments of manuscripts of the State Russian Museum, the State Tretyakov Gallery, the Russian State Archives of Literature and Art, the Central State Archive of Film and Photographic Documents of St Petersburg, and other institutions play in the examination process, which is important for clarifying and studying the artistic heritage of the master. The purpose of the article is to consider individual examples of the examination and attribution of N. K. Roerich’s works with the help of various kinds of historical, cultural, and everyday documents, facts, and evidence reflected in unpublished art history texts, epistolary and memoir sources, in inscriptions on the reverse of paintings and on the margins of typographic prints of exhibition catalogues and works of art by Roerich, i.e. everything that contains important information for an expert included in the concept of “historical and archival aspects”. The article provides examples of art history, culturological and technical and technological methods used in the examination and attribution of works of art, and their result, which is reflected in the “expert conclusions”, attributions, verified and refined description of works and the history of their existence, which is important for understanding the artist’s work, further analysis of his work and, as a result, the emergence of new scholarly and educational publications.
Housing Question for Scholars: From a Communal House to a Cooperative
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia, Dolgova Evgeniya A.
Published: December 2021

This article examines the transition from the principle of abolishing the way of life structured around the individual (communal house) to socially stratified comfortable housing (a cooperative) in the second half of the 1920s and mid-1930s. Traditionally, housing cooperatives are interpreted as an instrument of proletarian social stratification. The author studies industrial housing cooperatives of scholars, characterising the specifics of their interaction with the local authorities, clarifying their social composition, and reconstructing the peculiarities underlying the functioning and financial discipline. Using the documentation of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, the author explores the history of several Moscow, Leningrad, and regional scholarly cooperatives. Also, the author separately considers the project of the House for academic staff in Omsk illustrating the publication with an architectural drawing of a typical layout of elite accommodation. The author concludes that a short period of housing cooperation, which unfolded during the first five-year plan, could contribute to the strengthening of social stratification (scholars were taken out of the framework of general civil norms for housing), stratification within the academic community (financially successful categories of scholars were singled out), reducing the severity of the housing problem in the provinces (due to the resettlement of visiting specialists). On the other hand, the brief period cannot be considered successful due to the instability of cooperatives for researchers in the system of working housing, the small number of cooperatives and efforts to increase their administrative enlargement, the vagueness of the boundaries between municipal and cooperative housing, and, finally, the financial burden of cooperatives for scholars (with high state credit costs).
“Free Harbours”: Soviet-German Scientific Cooperation in Aircraft and Arctic Regions Research
Authors:   S. I. Vavilov Institute for the History of Science and Technology of the RAS, Moscow, Russia, Sobisevich Alexey V. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2021

In 1924, the German aeronaut Walter Bruns turned to the Soviet government with a proposal of cooperation in the field of aeronautics. He suggested creating a concession company for the transportation of passengers by airship from Europe to East Asia, granting the bases of airships the right of extraterritoriality, making them “free harbours”. The aim of this study is to present the results of Soviet-German cooperation in the development of aeronautics and the tasks that were planned to be solved with the help of airships in the development of the Arctic territories. Analysis of the sources demonstrates that V. Bruns’ project was seen by the Soviet officials as dubious in terms of recoupment, and they were not ready to allocate funds for its implementation. The authorities were interested, first of all, in obtaining German technologies and localising the construction of airships at Soviet shipyards. In this article, special attention is paid to how Bruns’ project was evaluated by experts, among whom the military played a leading role. They opposed regular flights of airships with foreign crews across Soviet territory, as they considered them a potential threat to the country’s defense. Bruns’ other project on the organisation of an international scientific expedition to study the Arctic was of greater interest to the authorities. The practical result of this project was the flight of Graf Zeppelin, a German airship, in 1931 whose crew included Soviet specialists. However, after that, the cooperation with the Italian aeronaut Umberto Nobile became more significant for the Soviet authorities and he began building airships in the USSR.
European Comecon Members in Search of Oil Shortage Solutions: The Establishment of the Petroleum Bureau in 1973
Authors:   Institute of World History of the RAS, Moscow, Russia, Glazov Aleksandr A.
Published: December 2021

This article examines attempts at multilateral cooperation between the USSR and European Comecon members which experienced a shortage of primary energy resources, in the acquisition and transportation of large volumes of oil from the developing world in the early 1970s. The paper focuses on the creation of the so-called Bureau of Petroleum, a new Comecon working body as part of the Standing Commission on Foreign Trade. This Bureau carried out its activities, which were of a closed nature, in 1973–1978. The Petroleum Bureau was created to fulfill the functions of an effective focal point of the Comecon member countries interested in jointly solving the problems of increasing oil imports from developing countries and expanding economic and technical cooperation with said countries. This is the first study dedicated to the causes and the process of creating the Bureau of Petroleum. It is based on documents of the XXV and XXVI sessions of the CMEA, the CMEA Executive Committee, the CMEA Standing Commission on Foreign Trade, as well as other materials from the CMEA fund in the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE). The author concludes that the creation of the Petroleum Bureau was associated with the shortage of oil at the beginning of the 1970s in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe and the nationalisation of Iraq’s oil industry adopted by the Baathist government on 1 June 1972.
Bulgarian Builders in the Sociocultural Community of Western Siberia in the 1970s–1980s
Authors:   Perm Federal Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the RAS, Perm, Russia, Kamenskikh Mikhail S. ,   Perm State National Research Polytechnic University, Perm, Russia
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to analysing arrival circumstances, population, settlement, work conditions, socio-cultural adaptation, and particularities of relations with the local community of builders from Bulgaria who migrated to Western Siberia within the framework of government contracts. The article refers to unpublished archive materials, data from journals, and field trips recorded in Tyumen Region in 2019–2020. The research reveals that travelling to the USSR in order to earn money played an important part in individual success strategies of Bulgarian youth in the 1970s and became quite widespread. Between the 1970 and late 1980s, Tyumen Region received 4 000 Bulgarians living in it with the biggest groups working in Tyumen, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Urai, and Nadim. Several districts, working villages, and oil extraction facilities in Western Siberia were built by them. Also, both in Tyumen and Surgut, there are squares of Soviet-Bulgarian friendship, and in Surgut there is a monument to Georgi Dimitrov. Upon arrival in the USSR, the Bulgarians had a privileged status. The main adaptation difficulties were associated with the local climate and the language barrier. The life of Bulgarians and the work of the Glavbolgarstroy company in Western Siberia laid a strong foundation for economic activity that gave rise to a large influx of Bulgarian migrants to Russia in the 1990s. As a result, according to All-Russian censuses in 2002 and 2010, Tyumen region had the largest community of Bulgarians registered in Russia. Today Bulgarians in Western Siberia are present as third-generation migrants; they play a significant role in sociocultural and economic spheres of Tyumen Region. Many of them maintain an emotional bond with their motherland and keep in touch with their families and close people in Bulgaria.
Analysis of Variables Affecting the Differences in Play Support Competencies of Early Childhood Special Education Teachers and Early Childhood Teachers
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Park So-young , Baek Jongnam
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze of the differences in play support competency of early childhood special education teachers and early childhood teachers and to determine what variables affect these differences if they are indeed present. The study involved a total of 239 participants including 124 early childhood special education teachers and 115 early childhood education teachers. The results of the study are as follows. First, there was no significant difference in the play support competency of early childhood special education teachers and early childhood teachers in all areas of curriculum operation, learning support, recording and evaluation, professional development, and relationship formation. Second, there was an interaction effect according to the subject of kindergarten establishment and the type of kindergarten establishment when it comes to play support competency of special education teachers and early childhood teachers. There was no difference between national, public, private, and corporate play support competency in the areas of curriculum operation, professional development, and relationship formation. However, national and public early childhood teachers had higher play support competency than private early childhood teachers. Third, there was an interaction effect according to the type of kindergarten on the play support competency of special education teachers and early childhood teachers. In the area of curriculum operation, early childhood special education teachers at public independent kindergarten had higher play support competency than early childhood special education teachers at elementary school annexed kindergartens. However, early childhood education teachers at elementary school annexed kindergartens had higher play support competency than early childhood education teachers at public independent kindergartens. In the future, we propse using this basic data in the pre-service training and in-service training of teachers to strengthen the play support competency of early childhood special education teachers and early childhood teachers.
THE PRINCIPLE OF THE INEVITABILITY OF PUNISHMENT IN PENAL ENFORCEMENT LAW: FROM DECLARATION TO THE POSSIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION
Authors:   Southwest State University, Sheveleva S. V. , Mozhaikina V. A. ,   Southwest State University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: the paper deals with the doctrinal principle of the inevitability of punishment and focuses on the possibility of implementing it in legal relations under penal enforcement law. The purpose of the paper is to identify how this interdisciplinary principle is respected in the enforcement of criminal sentences, and to propose mechanisms for its implementation. The study employs such methods as description, observation, statistical analysis, documentary analysis, induction, analogy, and thought experiment. Results: the paper reveals the fact that within the existing system of measures of negative and positive impact on the behavior of convicted persons, it is practically impossible to ensure the principle of the inevitability of punishment being implemented when it comes to sentences that are not related to isolation from society. Implementation of this principle in the execution of punishments related to isolation from society is not of legal but of organizational nature. Conclusions: the inability to execute a punishment in strict accordance with the requirements of the law leads to the loss of the deterrent value of punishment. When punishment is not related to isolation from society, convicts do not seek to serve the imposed punishment in strict accordance with the court verdict. As to the cases of serving a sentence related to isolation from society, there is a problem of unclear conditions for taking the most significant incentive measures in relation to a convicted person, such as substitution of the unserved part of the sentence and parole. The analyzed practice convincingly indicates that even if all the requirements of the law are fulfilled, petitions of convicts remain unsatisfied, while the courts refer to the fact that the goals of the punishment have not yet been achieved. Currently, in criminal and penal enforcement legislation there exist neither positive nor negative effective regulators aimed at facilitating strict and proper execution of the punishment imposed by the court.
DIFFICULTIES OF PROOF IN MEDICAL MALPRACTICE CASES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LAW OF RUSSIA, BELARUS AND THE EU MEMBER STATES
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Kratenko M. V. , Moroz V. P. ,   Belarusian State University
Published: December 2021

Introduction: in medical malpractice cases, patients (plaintiffs) or their relatives face serious obstacles in proving the conditions of liability of the health care provider: the fact of a medical error, the harm to health, and the causal link. The inherent informational inequality between the parties (a professional subject v. an ordinary person) and the limited accessibility of medical records (potential evidence) for the patient encourage the lawmakers and factfinders to deviate from the traditional formula for allocating the burden of proof. Purpose: to identify general trends in the development of judicial practice in medical disputes in Russia, Belarus, and the EU member states; to assess the prospects for the use in Russia and Belarus of evidence- based approaches developed by foreign legal doctrine to better protect patients’ rights. Methods: the authors use the comparative legal research method when dealing with the legislation, case law, and the legal doctrine of Russia, Belarus, the EU member states and other countries. Results: we have formulated a number of proposals for Russian and Belarusian jurisprudence based on international experience: to use the outcome criterion in assessing the quality of routine medical treatments and interventions (Fr. – obligation de résultat); to interpret any defects in medical records (incomplete information, unspecified corrections, etc.) in favor of the patient; to lower the standard of proof when proving the causal link to the preponderance of probabilities.
Zum Thema
Authors: Mulsow Martin , von Rahden Wolfert , Sommer Andreas Urs
Published: December 2021

Wo hört die reguläre, die legitime Prägung auf, wo beginnt die Falschmünzerei? Von Diogenes von Sinope wird berichtet, Apollon habe ihm per Orakel mitteilen lassen, er dürfe das «Nomisma» ändern.Nun ist das Wort «Nomisma» doppelsinnig; es kann sowohl «Münze» als auch «Wert(ordnung)» bedeuten – und so verwundert es nicht, dass auch der angehende Kyniker es missverstand: Anstatt gemäß göttlichem Willen die politische Ordnung umzuprägen, hat er sich ans Münzfälschen gemacht, wurde gefasst und in die Verbannung geschickt.
Luftschlösser. Fiktive Auktionen in der Aufklärung
Authors: Harding Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Seitdem es sie gibt, locken Auktionen mit echten und angeblichen Sensationen. Im digitalen Zeitalter findet die Vermarktung überwiegend im Internet statt. Davor sprachen die Käuferlust allein gedruckte Auktionskataloge an. Wie andere Gelegenheitsdrucke waren solche Objektverzeichnisse in Zeiten eines vergleichsweise überschaubaren Presse- und Buchwesens zudem eine bedeutsame Informationsquelle. Sie vermitteln Wissen über Objekte und deren Verbreitung. Als Nachschlagewerke geschätzt und daher in den Bibliotheken verwahrt, können wir heute auf Zigtausende Auktionskataloge zurückgreifen, vor allem aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Es ist ein unschätzbares Korpus, etwa für Provenienzfragen, das uns hier vorliegt.
Analysis of the Cases of Covid-19 and Environmental Health for 14 Municipalities of the UGRHIs Baixo Pardo/Grande and Pardo
Authors: Rezende Danilo , Alvares Maria Eugênia Gonçalez , Ventura Katia Sakihama
Published: December 2021

Safety protocols emerged to minimize the spread of Covid-19 and are in force 20 months after the disease exists in Brazil. The occurrence of SARS-CoV2 can be analyzed by the local Environmental Health Indicator (ISA). The objective of this study was to analyze the mortality rate caused by Covid-19 about environmental and sanitary conditions in 14 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, located in the Baixo Pardo/Grande and Pardo UGRHIs. Data from covid-19 (total cases and deaths) were obtained by SEADE (2021) and research by Rezende (2021) and Alvares (2021) provided the ISA parameters. The municipalities were grouped by demographic density and those with up to 50 thousand inhabitants were selected. The fatality rate was obtained as the ratio of the number of deaths to the accumulated cases of Covid-19. Of the 14 selected municipalities, 57,1% met the research hypothesis (municipalities with higher ISA have a mortality rate at covid-19 below the national average) and seven of them are below 20 thousand inhabitants with mortality rates below 2,4 %. Studies based on data from Covid-19, socio-environmental parameters (schooling, income, age group) and social vulnerability conditions can contribute to a better interpretation of environmental health in the pandemic.
Axiological Aspects of State Control and Supervision
Authors:   Penza University, Agamagomedova Saniat
Published: December 2021

The subject of research is state control and supervision from the point of view of axiological approaches. The first level of the latter makes it possible to determine value of state control and supervision as administrative forms; the second level forms variants of theoretical and legal substantiation of the correlation between the control and supervisory activities of the state and the totality of values protected by law. The aim of the article is to propose methodological techniques for determining the value of state control and supervision, which is understood as the importance of these institutions in the public administration system as a whole in the context of the possibility of using other administrative forms to achieve regulatory goals. The value of the control and supervisory activities of the state is substantiated from the point of view of the possibility of replacing state control and supervision with other regulatory mechanisms within the framework of deregulation processes (horizontal approach), as well as taking into account previous development of these administrative forms (evolutionary approach). Value of state control and supervision is seen as the ability to ensure the protection of legally protected values with minimal interference of public authorities in controlled activities. Value of the considered management forms is substantiated using the category of deregulation, which is understood as: process of development of a certain sphere of social relations; process of delegating state powers; trends to expanding the freedom of subjects, transition to “soft” regulation; process of reducing and simplifying administrative procedures (procedural deregulation). Determination of the value of state control and supervision is associated with the justification of the possibility of replacing these management forms with others in relation to a certain area of regulation, which determines a specific ratio of various management forms and mechanisms. From the point of view of evolutionary approach, value of state control and supervision is determined by the previous development of these administrative forms in the system of state power. Within the framework of the theoretical and legal substantiation of the category “values protected by law” in the system of state control and supervision, a variety of positions are highlighted. As a conclusion, a modern formula is proposed: state control and supervision — socially significant results — mandatory requirements — values protected by law.
Who Speaks with My Synthesized Voice? Some Roles of Other-initiated Repair in Augmented Intaraction
Authors: Курленкова Саша
Published: December 2021

As conversation analysis shows, all talk is highly collaborative, and meaning is created dialogically and sequentially, via the concerted actions of all the participants involved. In the case of people with communication impairments, the collaborative character of talk is even more manifest. A speaker with dysarthria, for example, may communicate through typing their messages to a text-to-speech communication app or device, using a communication (alphabet) board, or gazing at objects. This article focuses on one type of co-construction effort aimed at helping an augmented speaker to communicate, a process that can be called other-initiated repair. Although this practice is a common way of achieving understanding with people who have communication needs, in some cases repair initiation is used to do more than that. In this paper, I conduct conversation analysis of a video-recording of naturalistic interactions inside a Russian-speaking family involving a 10-year-old girl with dysarthria who communicates with her parents through an eyetracker-controlled computer interface. In this case, her parents use the structural position of repair initiation on the girl’s words not only to clarify the meaning of her message but to continue the preceding polemics over the mom’s birthday present. I argue that although this is just one instance of the use of other-repair in playful communication between family members, The potentiality of providing the type of guessing which aligns with the guesser’s interests is present in other repair sequences. This can be consequential for lives of people with communication needs when done in more official settings. Studying similar repair sequences can help better delineate 'good' scaffolding strategies in co-construction of speech of someone with communication needs.
Интерсубъективность в асимметричном взаимодействии
Authors: Ерофеева Мария Александровна
Published: December 2021

Традиционной точкой отсчета для исследований в области этнометодологии и конверсационного анализа (EMCA) является компетентный член общества, демонстрирующий в своих действиях, как были поняты предшествующие действия. Публичная видимость взаимных интерпретаций обеспечивает взаимопонимание, поскольку ошибки сразу становятся заметными. Это условие не всегда выполняется в асимметричном взаимодействии, у участников которого способы восприятия окружающего мира отличаются. Ярким примером являются люди с инвалидностью, которая «закрывает» для них одни регистры взаимодействия и открывает другие. В статье обсуждаются условия достижения взаимопонимания в таком случае. Рассматривается конверс-аналитическая концептуализация взаимопонимания, или интерсубъективности, как локального достижения, обеспечиваемого фундаментальными структурами взаимодействия, такими как система чередования говорящих в разговоре. Такая концептуализация не дает ответа на вопрос, что делает возможным взаимопонимание, когда у участников неравный доступ к этим структурам. В статье аргументируется, что эффективность структур взаимодействия в обеспечении взаимопонимания сама основана на приобретаемой способности ориентироваться на другого. Автор предлагает называть эту способность интерсубъективностью и отличать ее от взаимопонимания внутри ситуации. Также рассматриваются телес­ность и речь в качестве фундаментальных оснований интерсубъективности. Демонстрируется, что замена одного ресурса другим (например, использование синтезатора речи) успешна только если участники телесно ориентированы друг на друга. Организация разговора, направленная на обеспечение взаимопонимания, в асимметричном взаимодействии может препятствовать его достижению из-за того, что привычные структуры взаимодействия продолжают использоваться в фоновом режиме. Автор иллюстрирует эти тезисы на основании примеров современных эмпирических исследований из области EMCA.
«Я хочу в те времена, когда не было пандемии»: темпоральность кризиса COVID‑19 в жизни людей с инвалидностью
Authors: Ярская-Смирнова Валентина Николаевна , Сорокина Наталья Викторовна
Published: December 2021

Статья посвящена рассмотрению темпоральных характеристик жизненного опыта людей с инвалидностью в условиях пандемии COVID‑19. На основании анализа фокусированных интервью с людьми, имеющими опыт жизни с инвалидностью и испытывающими трудности в передвижении, определена динамика восприятия и оценки влияния волн пандемии на повседневное течение жизни. Эффекты пандемии привели к радикальным переменам, негативно отразились на доступе к специализированным услугам, социальным и медицинским сервисам, адаптированным к нуждам людей с инвалидностью. Рассказы информантов повествуют о переживаниях стремительного переустройства жизни, вызванного необходимостью освоения новых правил, норм и смыслов, вписывающих телесность в узкие рамки, затрудняющих реализацию мобильности и коммуникации, понижающих уровень субъективного благополучия, усиливающих неравенство и социальное исключение. Во взаимосвязи с временными характеристиками представлена динамика восприятия последствий пандемии и способы совладения с новыми вызовами. В темпоральном контексте новой пандемийной реальности представлены испытания, с которыми столкнулись люди с инвалидностью и их семьи, вынужденные перестраивать структуру своих домохозяйств, семейный бюджет, жилищное пространство и социальное окружение. В нарративах определено сочетание линейности и цикличности, раскрыты множес­твенные темпоральности собранных жизненных историй. Освещены их стратегии реорганизации жизни в целях поддержания уровня жизни и здоровья, такие как получение социальных услуг и выплат, освоение цифровых сервисов и включение в новые солидарности. Проблематизируются вопросы социального положения, физического и психологического здоровья людей с инвалидностью, новых форм неравенства и последствий инвалидизации людей по причине COVID‑19.
Практики ориентирования и самостоятельного передвижения незрячих людей в городской среде
Authors: Синицын Виктор Вадимович , Запорожец Оксана Николаевна
Published: December 2021

В 2021 г. исполняется десять лет с начала реализации федеральной программы «Доступная среда». Следуя Конвенции ООН о правах инвалидов, ратифицированной несколькими годами ранее, программа стала первой масштабной попыткой преодоления отчуждающего эффекта публичных пространств российских городов. На сегодняшний день элементы инклюзивного проектирования жилых построек и публичных пространств стали нормой градостроительной практики. Однако доступность российских городов оценивается неоднозначно. Тогда как официальная отчётность свидетельствует об увеличении доли доступных объектов, экспертные оценки (включая оценки самих инвалидов) выражают озабоченность отсутствием выраженных позитивных изменений. Статья обнаруживает ряд оснований такого несоответствия. Используя теоретические ресурсы феноменологии и этнометодологии, мы обращаемся к анализу повседневных перемещений незрячих горожан, описывая особенности их ориентации и навигации, а также барьеры, затрудняющие их самостоятельное передвижение. Ориентация незрячих горожан строится на выделении, картографировании и ситуативной верификации ими наиболее устойчивых ориентиров маршрута с помощью тактильной, вестибулярной, световой, обонятельной, аудиальной или интуитивной чувствительности. Самостоятельное перемещение незрячих по городу затрудняется отсутствием необходимого количества ориентиров (из-за изменчивости города или непредусмотренности) или ошибочной интерпретацией таких знаков, обусловленной структурно или ситуативно. Препятствием для передвижения незрячих по городу становится не только состояние городской среды, но и страхи, связанные с рисками выхода в город, а также некомпетентная помощь, вмешательство в процесс навигации или противодействие других горожан. Проведенное исследование показывает, что программа «Доступная среда» сконцентрирована преимущественно на изменении городской материальности, однако самостоятельность освоения города незрячими связана с большим количеством предпосылок. Среди которых способность к достоверной интерпретации окружения, коммуникации с другими горожанами, а также установки незрячих в отношении окружающих и городской среды. В заключение мы предлагаем ряд мер, позволяющих оптимизировать реализуемые программы городских изменений.
Атипичное взаимодействие и конверсационный анализ
Authors: Корбут Андрей Михайлович
Published: December 2021

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Workflow for wooden contact samples in use-wear experiments with bronze axe replicas (MAP-protocol_B) v1
Authors: Thaler Ulrich , Gneisinger Walter
Published: December 2021

Focussing on the role of contact materials as an element of variable control in archaeological use-wear experiments, this protocol sets out a workflow for the preparation, use and documentation of standardized beechwood contact samples. Although developed in the context of rig-based experimentation with bronze axe replicas as part of MAP, it follows principles and sets out procedures of broader applicability within traceological experimental research in general and in studies involving ligneous contact material in particular. MAP (the Mainz, Mayen & Monrepos Axperimental Programme) expands into a 'post-lithic' material class (copper-based artefacts) and chronological setting (the Bronze Age) the research agenda developed by TraCEr, which is based on a strong commitment to open science and an understanding of sustained methodological development as a key to consolidating traceology as a sub-discipline within archaeology. TraCEr (the Laboratory for Traceology and Controlled Experiments) was established by the RGZM, the Leibniz Research Institute for Archaeology, at the MONREPOS Research Centre and Museum at Neuwied in 2017. Its main scope is to carry out ground-breaking research that combines methodological development, aided by state-of-the-art facilities for controlled experimentation and advanced methods of documentation, and fundamental research on Pleistocene and Early Holocene archaeology.
Okul Öncesi Öğretmenlerinin Fen Öğretimine Yönelik Tutumları ile Fen ve Doğa Etkinliklerine Yönelik Görüşleri
Authors: KARAMAN EFLATUN Hilal , KULOĞLU Ayşenur
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimine yönelik tutumları ile fen ve doğa etkinliklerine yönelik görüşlerini incelemektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında Elazığ ili merkezinde görev yapan nicel boyutta 203, nitel boyutta ise 63 okul öncesi öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutu, betimsel tarama modeli, nitel boyutta ise durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen bulgular değerlendirildiğinde; okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimine yönelik tutumlarının orta düzeyde olduğu görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimine yönelik tutumunun öğretmenin görev yaptığı okul, öğretmenin çalıştığı yaş grubu değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmanın nitel boyutunda ise; okul öncesi öğretmenleri; fen ve doğa etkinliklerinin fen ve doğa etkinliklerinin hazırlık sürecinde öncelikli olarak materyalleri araştırıp-temin etmeye yönelik çalıştıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca fen ve doğa etkinliklerini yaparken çoğunlukla bitkileri kullandıklarını ve materyalleri kullanırken özellikle güvenliğe önem verdiklerini, fen ve doğa etkinliklerinde sıklıkla deney yöntemini kullandığını ve materyal eksikliği problemi yaşadıklarını belirtmişlerdir.