bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMOT with Medial Distraction Arthroplasty for Ankle Arthritis with Increased Talar Tilt: A Comparative Study
Authors: Hong-Mou Zhao
Published: March 2021

Category:

Ankle Arthritis

Introduction/Purpose:

An increased preoperative talar tilt (TT) angle was reported to be positively correlated with treatment failure after supramalleolar osteotomy (SMOT) for varus ankle osteoarthritis. Distraction arthroplasty was reported to have the ability to correct increased TT angles. The purpose of the current study was to compare the outcomes between SMOT with and without medial distraction arthroplasty (MDA) in the treatment of varus ankle osteoarthritis with increased TT angles.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the functional outcomes and radiological findings of 56 patients who underwent SMOT with or without MDA for varus ankle osteoarthritis with increased TT angles. The AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score and AOS scores were used for functional evaluation. The tibial anterior surface (TAS) angle, talar tilt (TT) angle, tibial medial malleolar (TMM) angle, talocrural (TC) angle, tibial lateral surface (TLS) angle, and hindfoot alignment (HFA) angle were evaluated preoperatively and at the time of the last follow-up.

Results:

In the SMOT group, the AOFAS score and AOS pain and function scores were significantly improved (P <0.01 for each) at a mean follow-up of 67.5 months. The TAS, TT, TC, TLS, and HFA angles were all significantly improved (P <0.01 for each). Similarly, in the SMOT with MDA group, the AOFAS score, AOS pain and function scores, and the TAS, TT, TC, TLS, and HFA angles were all significantly improved postoperatively (P <0.01 for each) at a mean follow-up of 37.8 months. When comparing the two groups, the postoperative TT angle was significantly smaller in the SMOT with MDA group (P = 0.03) than in the SMOT group. In addition, the failure rate of TT angle correction was significantly higher in the SMOT group (P = 0.02) than in the SMOT with MDA group.

Conclusion:

SMOT is a promising procedure for functional improvement and malalignment correction for varus ankle osteoarthritis, even in patients with increased talar tilt. SMOT with MDA is a effective method to correct the varus ankle OA with increased talar tilt.
Patients’ experiences of pharmacists in general practice: an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Karampatakis Georgios Dimitrios , Patel Nilesh , Stretch Graham , Ryan Kath
Published: March 2021

Background

Since 2015, pharmacists have been integrating into English general practices and more recently into primary care networks. General practice-based pharmacists provide a range of patient-facing services, such as medication reviews, management of long-term conditions and minor ailments, prescribing duties and answering queries over the telephone. Literature reports patients’ satisfaction with general practice-based pharmacists’ services, however, previous research captured only limited experiences. The aim of the current study was to pursue an extensive exploration of patients’ experiences of pharmacists in general practice.

Methods

General practice-based pharmacists, working in practices in West London, Surrey and Berkshire, handed invitation packs to patients seen during consultations. Patients that wanted to take part in the study were invited to undertake a qualitative, in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interview within the practice with which each patient was registered. Interviews lasted from 15 min to more than 1 h and were audio-recorded. Recruitment continued until data saturation. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and transcripts analysed thematically.

Results

Twenty participants were interviewed. Four themes were discerned: awareness (“I had been coming to this practice for 24 years and I didn’t know that there was a pharmacist”); accessibility (“People ring for a GP [general practitioner] appointment … it’s Monday and they [receptionist] tells you ‘We can slot you in on Friday’ … with a pharmacist on board, they can [instantly] look at you”); interactions (“I’ve always had a really good interaction with them [pharmacists] and they listen and they take on board what I’m trying to say”); and feedback (“It’s easier [to collect feedback instantly] because I could have forgotten half of what they [pharmacists] have told me in an hour or so’s time”).

Conclusions

Findings indicate that pharmacists’ integration into general practices could improve accessibility to, and the quality of, care received. The findings will assist policy development to provide general practice-based pharmacists’ services as per patients’ needs.
Tocilizumab improves survival in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with persistent hypoxia: a retrospective cohort study with follow-up from Mumbai, India
Authors: Gokhale Yojana , Mehta Rakshita , Kulkarni Uday , Karnik Nitin , Gokhale Sushant , Sundar Uma , Chavan Swati , Kor Akshay , Thakur Sonal , Trivedi Trupti , Kumar Naveen , Baveja Sujata , Wadal Aniket , Kolte Shaonak , Deolankar Aukshan , Pednekar Sangeeta , Kalekar Lalana , Padiyar Rupal , Londhe Charulata , Darole Pramod , Pol Sujata , Gokhe Seema Bansode , Padwal Namita , Pandey Dharmendra , Yadav Dhirendra , Joshi Anagha , Badgujar Harshal , Trivedi Mayuri , Shah Priyanshu , Bhavsar Prerna
Published: March 2021

Background

Cytokine storm triggered by Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality. With high Interleukin -6 (IL-6) levels reported in COVID-19 related deaths in China, IL-6 is considered to be the key player in COVID-19 cytokine storm. Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor, is used on compassionate grounds for treatment of COVID-19 cytokine storm. The aim of this study was to assess effect of tocilizumab on mortality due to COVID-19 cytokine storm.

Method

This retrospective, observational study included patients of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with persistent hypoxia (defined as saturation 94% or less on supplemental Oxygen of 15 L per minute through non-rebreathing mask or PaO2/FiO2 ratio of less than 200) who were admitted to a tertiary care center in Mumbai, India, between 31st March to 5th July 2020. In addition to standard care, single Inj. Tocilizumab 400 mg was given intravenously to 151 consecutive COVID-19 patients with persistent hypoxia, from 13th May to 5th July 2020. These 151 patients were retrospectively analysed and compared with historic controls, ie consecutive COVID-19 patients with persistent hypoxia, defined as stated above (N = 118, from our first COVID-19 admission on 31st March to 12th May 2020 i.e., till tocilizumab was available in hospital). Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for identifying predictors of survival. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 26.

Results

Out of 269 (151 in tocilizumab group and 118 historic controls) patients studied from 31st March to 5th July 2020, median survival in the tocilizumab group was significantly longer than in the control group; 18 days (95% CI, 11.3 to 24.7) versus 9 days (95% CI, 5.7 to 12.3); log rank p 0.007. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, independent predictors of survival were use of tocilizumab (HR 0.621, 95% CI 0.427–0.903, P 0.013) and higher oxygen saturation.

Conclusion

Tocilizumab may improve survival in severe COVID-19 pneumonia with persistent hypoxia. Randomised controlled trials on use of tocilizumab as rescue therapy in patients of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hypoxia (PaO2/FiO2 less than 200) due to hyperinflammatory state, are warranted.
Clinical utility of cerebrospinal fluid vitamin D-binding protein as a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of viral and bacterial CNS infections
Authors: Kim Young Jin , Lê Hương Giang , Na Byoung-Kuk , Kim Bo Gyu , Jung Youn-Kwan , Kim Mutbyul , Kang Heeyoung , Cho Min-Chul
Published: March 2021

Background

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) infections is important, and laboratory tests help diagnose CNS infections. Even when the patient has symptoms, laboratory tests often do not reveal any specific findings. The potential of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) to be used as a biomarker for viral and bacterial CNS infections was studied.

Methods

A total of 302 subjects with suspected CNS infection who underwent lumbar puncture were included. Clinical and laboratory data were collected retrospectively. VDBP levels were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Genotyping for the GC gene encoding VDBP was also performed. VDBP levels were analyzed and compared by CNS infection, pathogen, CSF opening pressure, and GC genotype.

Results

A CNS infection group (n = 90) and a non-CNS infection group (n = 212) were studied. In terms of its receiver operating characteristic, CSF VDBP showed an area under the curve of 0.726 for the diagnosis of CNS infection. CSF VDBP levels were significantly different between the CNS infection and non-infection groups. The CNS infection group with enterovirus showed a statistically lower distribution of CSF VDBP levels than the other virus groups. The group with CSF opening pressure > 25 cmH2O showed higher CSF VDBP levels than the other groups. There was no significant difference in GC gene allele distribution between the CNS infection and non-infection groups.

Conclusions

CSF VDBP levels were increased in patients with CNS infection. The CSF VDBP showed potential as a new biomarker for viral and bacterial CNS infections.
Attitudes of East Tennessee residents towards general and pertussis vaccination: a qualitative study
Authors: Tandy Corinne B. , Jabson Tree Jennifer M.
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite vaccination being one of the safest and most successful public health tools to control infectious diseases, some people still doubt the efficacy and safety of vaccines. In order to address vaccine hesitancy and anti-vaccination sentiment, it is necessary to understand vaccination attitude development and vaccination behaviors. The objective of this project was to qualitatively investigate general vaccination attitudes and behavior with an additional emphasis on pertussis vaccination.

Methods

To identify factors that influence attitudes toward vaccination and behaviors in East Tennessee, eleven one-on-one interviews were conducted with participants recruited through convenience and purposive sampling. Interview protocol and deductive codes were developed using the Triadic Theory of Influence as a theoretical framework. Interview transcripts were analyzed qualitatively and themes were identified through constant comparison of interviews, considering both deductively and inductively coded data.

Results

Most participants (8) held positive attitudes towards vaccination. Participants (8) comfortable with vaccinating themselves or their children said they followed recommendations of doctors. Vaccine hesitant participants’ (3) most frequently cited concern was safety and concern about side effects. These participants also reported that they referenced non-academic or professional sources and felt confident about their knowledge of vaccines and diseases. Vaccine hesitant participants had low perception of risk of vaccine-preventable diseases, particularly pertussis. Participants with children reported that friends and family were influential when deciding to vaccinate their children.

Conclusions

This study identified themes in the attitudes towards vaccination of participants recruited in East Tennessee. We found that risk perception and family and social group attitudes were the primary influences on vaccination decision making. We recommend that future research includes anti-vaccination participants in their research, if possible, and further explore the relationship between perception of one’s own knowledge and health behavior outcomes.
Correction to: Selective role of the translin/trax RNase complex in hippocampal synaptic plasticity
Authors: Park Alan Jung , Shetty Mahesh Shivarama , Baraban Jay M. , Abel Ted
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
A novel esterase from a soil metagenomic library displaying a broad substrate range
Authors: Yao Jian , Gui Lun , Yin Shaocheng
Published: March 2021

A novel esterase gene was isolated from a soil metagenomic library. The gene encoded a protein of 520 amino acids which contained a 21 aa signal peptide. Primary structure analysis of the protein sequence revealed that it contained a conserved active site motif (SxSxG) and a structural motif (CS-D-HC). Then the esterase gene was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coli BL21(DE3). SDS-PAGE analysis of the purified esterase showed that it was expressed in a highly soluble form and its molecular mass was estimated to be 55 kDa. Characterization of the esterase revealed that it exhibited high activity towardp-nitrophenyl esters with short acyl chains and especiallyp-nitrophenyl acetate, suggesting that it was a typical carboxylesterase rather than a lipase. Withp-nitrophenyl acetate as substrate, the enzyme showed its optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 30 °C, and it was stable at a broad pH range from 4.5 to 10.0 and temperature not higher than 50 °C. Furthermore, the enzyme showed different substrate specificity from known esterase, it was not only hydrolyzing againstp-nitrophenyl esters, but also hydrolyzing all hydroxybenzoic esters and hydroxycinnamic ester assayed. As it was an enzyme active on a broad range of phenolic esters, simultaneously possessing feruloyl esterase, chlorogenate esterase and tannase activities, it could serve as a valuable candidate for applications in biotechnology.
Bioactive constituents with antibacterial, resistance modulation, anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition properties from Aidia genipiflora stem bark
Authors: Anokwah Daniel , Asante-Kwatia Evelyn , Mensah Abraham Y. , Danquah Cynthia Amaning , Harley Benjamin K. , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Oberer Lukas
Published: March 2021

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge. The involvement of bacterial biofilms and efflux pumps in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is well established. Medicinal plants have been proposed as alternatives for combating MDR focusing on their bioactive constituents with resistance modulatory activities. This study was aimed at investigating the stem bark ofAidia genipiflorafor bioactive constituents with anti-biofilm, efflux pump inhibition and resistance modulatory activities.

Method

The crude methanol extract was purified by column chromatography and isolated compounds characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by the High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition and the broth micro-dilution assay. The ethidium bromide accumulation assay was used to determine efflux pump inhibition property. Biofilm inhibition was determined in a microplate crystal violet retention assay.

Results

Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of oleanonic acid (1), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid docosyl ester (2), β-stigmasterol/β-sitosterol (mixture3a/b) and D-mannitol (4). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 250 to > 500 μg/mL for extracts and fractions and from 15 to 250 μg/mL for compounds. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compounds, the MIC of amoxicillin againstE. coli(20 μg/mL) andP. aeruginosa(320 μg/mL) was reduced by 32 and 10 folds respectively. The whole extract demonstrated anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition inE. coli,S. aureusandP. aeruginosa. The sterol mixture (3a/b) at concentration of 100 μg/mL caused the highest inhibition (73%) of biofilm formation inS. aureus. Oleanonic acid (1) demonstrated remarkable efflux pump inhibition at MIC of 7.8 μg/mL inE. colibetter than the standard drugs verapamil and chlorpromazine.

Conclusion

This study confirms the prospects ofA. genipifloraas a source of new antibacterial agents and adjuvants that could interact with some resistance mechanisms in bacteria to enhance the activity of hitherto ineffective antibiotics. “A small portion of the study has been presented in a conference in the form of poster”.
Next Generation Sequencing Should Be Proposed to Every Woman With “Idiopathic” Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Eskenazi Sarah , Bachelot Anne , Hugon-Rodin Justine , Plu-Bureau Genevieve , Gompel Anne , Catteau-Jonard Sophie , Molina-Gomes Denise , Dewailly Didier , Dodé Catherine , Christin-Maitre Sophie , Touraine Philippe
Published: March 2021

Context

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1% of women under 40 years of age. POI is idiopathic in more than 70% of cases. Though many candidate genes have been identified in recent years, the prevalence and pathogenicity of abnormalities are still difficult to establish.

Objective

Our primary objective was to evaluate the prevalence of gene variations in a large prospective multicentric POI cohort. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the correlation between phenotype and genotype.

Methods

Two hundred and sixty-nine well-phenotyped POI patients were screened for variants of 18 known POI genes (BMP15, DMC1, EIF2S2, FIGLA, FOXL2, FSHR, GDF9, GPR3, HFM1, LHX8, MSH5, NOBOX, NR5A1, PGRMC1, STAG3, XPNPEP2, BHLB, and FSHB) by next generation sequencing (NGS). Abnormalities were classified as “variant” or “variant of unknown signification” (VUS) according to available functional tests or algorithms (SIFT, Polyphen-2, MutationTaster).

Results

One hundred and two patients (38%) were identified as having at least 1 genetic abnormality. Sixty-seven patients (25%) presented at least 1 variant. Forty-eight patients presented at least 1 VUS (18%). Thirteen patients (5%) had combined abnormalities. NOBOX variants were the most common gene variants involved in POI (9%). Interestingly, we saw no significant differences in the previous family history of POI, ethnic origin, age at onset of POI, primary amenorrhea, or secondary menstrual disturbances between the different genotypes.

Conclusion

In our study, a high percentage of patients presented gene variants detected by NGS analysis (38%). Every POI patient should undergo NGS analysis to improve medical cares of the patients.
La función ecológica de la propiedad y participación ambiental: dos promesas de la Constitución Ecológica de 1991
Authors: Jácome Parada Eliana María , Clavijo Mora Juliana Paola
Published: March 2021

Con la Constitución de 1991, fueron introducidas una serie de normas protectoras en materia ambiental que han conducido a que se le denomine “constitución ecológica”. Dentro de estas, se identifican como preceptos de importancia significativa en el desarrollo de estos ideales, la función ecológica de la propiedad y la participación de la ciudadanía en materia ambiental.

En el artículo se estudiarán algunos casos conocidos por la Corte Constitucional, con el objetivo de analizar la forma en que en la práctica estas disposiciones ambientales constitucionales han sido aplicadas, tomando o no forma y dando cumplimiento a esa promesa de una constitución ambiental. Dentro de las altas cortes, fue escogida la Corte Constitucional debido a que es la autoridad encargada de proteger y velar por el cumplimiento de las disposiciones constitucionales, del mismo modo que es la corporación con mayor incidencia social, dada la repercusión de sus debates. Mediante su análisis, se demostrará que existe una marcada tendencia de esta corte a proteger los derechos a la participación ambiental de las comunidades y la función ecológica de la propiedad.
“Mugs”, “Rehabilitation”, and “Stitched Up”
Authors: Smith Ian C
Published: March 2021

Smith’s poetry asks questions of crime and punishment from the victims’ and perpetrators’ perspectives. In “Mugs” an easy victim reflects on the burglar of his house. In “Rehabilitation” a former prisoner returns to his prison, converted into gentrified townhouses. In “Stitched” Up the boredom, inanity, banality, and a soft pain of prison life is exposed.
Immune gene expression networks in sepsis: A network biology approach
Authors: Kim Kyung Soo , Jekarl Dong Wook , Yoo Jaeeun , Lee Seungok , Kim Myungshin , Kim Yonggoo
Published: March 2021

To study the dysregulated host immune response to infection in sepsis, gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE54514, GSE57065, GSE64456, GSE95233, GSE66099 and GSE72829 were selected. From the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) immune system pathways, 998 unique genes were selected, and genes were classified as follows based on gene annotation from KEGG, Gene Ontology, and Reactome: adaptive immunity, antigen presentation, cytokines and chemokines, complement, hematopoiesis, innate immunity, leukocyte migration, NK cell activity, platelet activity, and signaling. After correlation matrix formation, correlation coefficient of 0.8 was selected for network generation and network analysis. Total transcriptome was analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEG), followed by gene set enrichment analysis. The network topological structure revealed that adaptive immunity tended to form a prominent and isolated cluster in sepsis. Common genes within the cluster from the 6 datasets included CD247, CD8A, ITK, LAT, and LCK. The clustering coefficient and modularity parameters were increased in 5/6 and 4/6 datasets in the sepsis group that seemed to be associated with functional aspect of the network. GSE95233 revealed that the nonsurvivor group showed a prominent and isolated adaptive immunity cluster, whereas the survivor group had isolated complement-coagulation and platelet-related clusters. T cell receptor signaling (TCR) pathway and antigen processing and presentation pathway were down-regulated in 5/6 and 4/6 datasets, respectively. Complement and coagulation, Fc gamma, epsilon related signaling pathways were up-regulated in 5/6 datasets. Altogether, network and gene set enrichment analysis showed that adaptive-immunity-related genes along with TCR pathway were down-regulated and isolated from immune the network that seemed to be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Prominence of platelet and complement-coagulation-related genes in the immune network was associated with survival in sepsis. Complement-coagulation pathway was up-regulated in the sepsis group that was associated with favorable prognosis. Network and gene set enrichment analysis supported elucidation of sepsis pathogenesis.
Allocating epidemic response teams and vaccine deliveries by drone in generic network structures, according to expected prevented exposures
Authors: Matter Dean , Potgieter Linke
Published: March 2021

The tumultuous inception of an epidemic is usually accompanied by difficulty in determining how to respond best. In developing nations, this can be compounded by logistical challenges, such as vaccine shortages and poor road infrastructure. To provide guidance towards improved epidemic response, various resource allocation models, in conjunction with a network-based SEIRVD epidemic model, are proposed in this article. Further, the feasibility of using drones for vaccine delivery is evaluated, and assorted relevant parameters are discussed. For the sake of generality, these results are presented for multiple network structures, representing interconnected populations—upon which repeated epidemic simulations are performed. The resource allocation models formulated maximise expected prevented exposures on each day of a simulated epidemic, by allocating response teams and vaccine deliveries according to the solutions of two respective integer programming problems—thereby influencing the simulated epidemic through the SEIRVD model. These models, when compared with a range of alternative resource allocation strategies, were found to reduce both the number of cases per epidemic, and the number of vaccines required. Consequently, the recommendation is made that such models be used as decision support tools in epidemic response. In the absence thereof, prioritizing locations for vaccinations according to susceptible population, rather than total population or number of infections, is most effective for the majority of network types. In other results, fixed-wing drones are demonstrated to be a viable delivery method for vaccines in the context of an epidemic, if sufficient drones can be promptly procured; the detrimental effect of intervention delay was discovered to be significant. In addition, the importance of well-documented routine vaccination activities is highlighted, due to the benefits of increased pre-epidemic immunity rates, and targeted vaccination.
Assessment of the effect of therapy in a rat model of glioblastoma using [18F]FDG and [18F]FCho PET compared to contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Bolcaen Julie , Descamps Benedicte , Deblaere Karel , De Vos Filip , Boterberg Tom , Hallaert Giorgio , Van den Broecke Caroline , Vanhove Christian , Goethals Ingeborg
Published: March 2021

Objective

We investigated the potential of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and [18F]Fluoromethylcholine ([18F]FCho) PET, compared to contrast-enhanced MRI, for the early detection of treatment response in F98 glioblastoma (GB) rats.

Methods

When GB was confirmed on T2- and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI, animals were randomized into a treatment group (n = 5) receiving MRI-guided 3D conformal arc micro-irradiation (20 Gy) with concomitant temozolomide, and a sham group (n = 5). Effect of treatment was evaluated by MRI and [18F]FDG PET on day 2, 5, 9 and 12 post-treatment and [18F]FCho PET on day 1, 6, 8 and 13 post-treatment. The metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was calculated using a semi-automatic thresholding method and the average tracer uptake within the MTV was converted to a standard uptake value (SUV).

Results

To detect treatment response, we found that for [18F]FDG PET (SUVmean x MTV) is superior to MTV only. Using (SUVmean x MTV), [18F]FDG PET detects treatment effect starting as soon as day 5 post-therapy, comparable to contrast-enhanced MRI. Importantly, [18F]FDG PET at delayed time intervals (240 min p.i.) was able to detect the treatment effect earlier, starting at day 2 post-irradiation. No significant differences were found at any time point for both the MTV and (SUVmean x MTV) of [18F]FCho PET.

Conclusions

Both MRI and particularly delayed [18F]FDG PET were able to detect early treatment responses in GB rats, whereas, in this study this was not possible using [18F]FCho PET. Further comparative studies should corroborate these results and should also include (different) amino acid PET tracers.
Némesis de Philip Roth frente al COVID-19 actual. La literatura, las enfermedades del pasado y la pandemia que estamos padeciendo
Authors: Pipa Muñiz Covadonga , Sánchez Fernández Luis Vicente
Published: March 2021

La lectura de Némesis, 2010, evoca un gran parlelismo con la pandemia de COVID-19 que nos asuela. Nuestro autor de referencia plantea una epidemia de poliomielitis, antes del remedio vacunal, en EEUU. La zona novelada es Newark, un barrio marginal de Weequahic, en 1944, en plena II Guerra Mundial. La úbicación escogida estaba ocupada mayoritariamente por judíos, el pueblo elegido por Dios, y la poliomielitis se encargó de poner al descubierto las miserias internas de esta población; la pandemia actual descubre las nuestras. La única solución posible planteada por Roth en aquella sociedad desestructurada era la aparición de la diosa vengadora Némesis para que impusiese una justicia retributiva en el mundo caótico de la novela. Es posible que si no aparece para nosotros y no actúa sobre los desequilibrios socio-económicos que trae aparejados este coronavirus la consecuencia será un golpe mortal para la opulenta e irresponsable sociedad occidental.
De cómo los tiempos COVID sacudieron los muros de la atención primaria
Authors: Aldecoa Landesa Susana , García Velasco Guillermo
Published: March 2021

La pandemia de la COVID ha enfrentado a Atención Primaria a un desafío excepcional, con escenarios inesperados. Aún acostumbrados a movernos en la incertidumbre, esta situación nos ha hecho replantearnos múltiples aspectos organizativos, asistenciales y competenciales, descubriéndonos debilidades, pero también fortalezas y oportunidades. Fue necesario reorganizarse, tomar decisiones rápidas, en un contexto de enorme estrés y preocupación. Aspectos esenciales en nuestra praxis son la comunicación y los principios de la bioética. Trasladamos a formato de guion cinematográfico situaciones vividas con los pacientes y con nuestros propios compañeros, en los centros de salud, en las consultas del médico de familia, en los domicilios, para reflexionar sobre el valor de la comunicación en el afrontamiento de las dificultades vividas en la pandemia COVID-19. Planteamos asimismo situaciones que nos enfrentaron a conflictos éticos ante la toma de decisiones de gran exigencia, en una situación de absoluta excepcionalidad.
Peran Bifidobacterium dalam Perkembangan Otak dan Tumbuh Kembang Anak
Authors: Suryawan Ahmad , Sekartini Rini
Published: March 2021

Pengetahuan tentang peran spesifik mikrobiota saluran cerna dalam perkembangan otak dan tumbuh kembang anak semakin menarik perhatian peneliti pada beberapa tahun terakhir. Hal tersebut disebabkan karena terakumulasinya bukti dari berbagai studi tentang komunikasi dua arah antara saluran cerna dan otak, yang digambarkan sebagai teori gut-brain axis. Salah satu mikrobiota yang mendapat perhatian khusus dalam hal ini adalah Bifidobacterium, yang berpotensi mempunyai peran khusus dalam perkembangan otak anak usia dini, Kolonisasi Bifidobacterium dalam saluran cerna paling dominan pada usia awal setelah lahir, yang terjadi paralel dengan periode kritis perkembangan sirkuit otak anak. Aplikasi klinis teori gut-brain axis lebih banyak terbukti pada studi eksperimental. Studi pada subyek anak mayoritas merupakan studi observasional dengan hasil yang tidak konsisten. Pemberian Bifidobacterium nampak menjanjikan sebagai regimen untuk terapi gejala gangguan tumbuh kembang. Namun bukti berbasis uji klinis masih sangat terbatas, dan menunjukkan hasil yang heterogen. Masih diperlukan bukti berbasis uji klinis acak-terkontrol yang dirancang dengan baik untuk memvalidasi efektivitas probiotik untuk terapi gangguan tumbuh kembang dalam hal identifikasi strain, dosis, dan waktu pengobatan yang sesuai dan standar. Peningkatan pemahaman tentang keilmuan gut-brain axis diharapkan membuka kemungkinan dimasa depan akan muncul terapi berbasis probiotik yang mempunyai efek terhadap berbagai kondisi otak dan tumbuh kembang anak
Religion and Voting Behavior: Evidence from the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election
Authors: Mujani Saiful
Published: March 2021

In voting behavior studies, the effect of religion on partisan choice relative to psychological factors and political economy has not been conclusively determined. In Indonesian politics, religion has frequently been understood as a typology of Muslim religiosity, i.e. santri versus abangan, or orthodox versus heterodox Muslim. This conception does not significantly predict election outcomes. The effect of religious identity, i.e. Islam versus other religion, on voting is not discernable so far because it has not been systematically tested. The 2017 Jakarta gubernatorial election is a rare instance in which the contestants have different religious identities in an almost homogenous society. This setting is ideal. This essay reports the results of a test from public opinion surveys prior to and an exit poll on election day. The result verified that religion explains very significantly how the Muslim candidate won. Political economy and partisanship, however, save the incumbent from a big loss. These findings have more systematically revised the existing comparative and Indonesian literature on the relationship between religion and voting behavior.[Dalam studi perilaku memilih, perbandingan pengaruh agama, faktor psikologis, maupun ekonomi politik, terhadap pilihan partai atau calon dalam pemilihan umum belum konklusif. Dalam politik Indonesia, agama sering difahami dalam tipologi keberagamaan santri versus abangan, atau Muslim puritan versus Muslim sinkretis. Konsepsi agama ini tidak punya pengaruh signifikan terhadap perilaku memilih dalam pemilihan umum sejauh ini. Sementara itu pengaruh identitas agama, yakni Islam versus agama lainnya, terhadap perilaku memilih sejauh ini juga tidak banyak terlihat karena belum teruji secara sistematik. Pemilihan gubernur DKI Jakarta 2017 adalah contoh kasus langka di Indonesia di mana calon-calon gubernurnya punya identitas agama berbeda sementara pemilihnya hampir homogen dilihat dari identitas agamanya. Keadaan ini ideal untuk menguji pengaruh identitas agama terhadap perilaku memilih. Artikel ini merupakan laporan hasil uji perbandingan pengaruh identitas agama, faktor psikologis, dan ekonomi-politik pada perilaku memilih gubernur, dan bersandar pada data survei opini publik sebelum dan di hari pemilihan. Hasilnya membuktikan bahwa identitas agama sangat mempengaruhi bagimana calon gubernur beragama Islam menang dalam pemilihan tersebut. Namun demikian, pengaruh ekonomi-politik dan identitas kepartaian menolong petahana yang non-Muslim dari kekalahan telak. Temuan-temuan ini merevisi referensi studi politik perbandingan dan Indonesia terkait hubungan agama dan perilaku memilih.]
WAVELET-CONVERSION IN ELECTROCARDIO SIGNAL PROCESSING
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Telezhkin V.F. , Saidov B.B. ,   Tajik Technical University named after academician M.S. Osimi, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Ugarov P.А. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Ragozin A.N. ,   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

In the present work, processing of an electro cardio signal using a wavelet transform is consi-dered. In electrocardiography, various digital signal-processing techniques are used to detect, extract, and analyze the various components of an electrocardiogram. Among them, the wavelet transform technique gives promising results in the analysis of the time-frequency characteristics of the electrocardiogram components. The urgency of solving the problem of improving the quality of life of people with the help of early diagnosis and timely treatment of various cardiac diseases is obvious. The process of automated analysis of a huge database of electrocardiographic data is especially important. Wavelet analysis can be successfully used to smooth and remove noise in the ECG signal. Electrocardiogram signal, cleaned from noise components, looks clearer, while its volume is from 10 to 5% of the original signal, which largely solves the problem of storing cardiac records. Aim. Development of an algorithm for threshold processing of wavelet coefficients and filtering of an electrocardiography signal. Materials and methods. Cardiograms were taken for analysis. Then they were digitized and entered into a computer for processing. A program was written in the MATLAB environment that implements continuous and discrete wavelet transform. Results. The work shows the result of filtering the ECG signal with the addition of noise with a signal-to-noise ratio of 35 and 45 dB using the decomposition levels N = 2, N = 3, N = 4. Conclusion. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, it can be concluded that the second level of decomposition is the most optimal for filtering the ECG signal. With an increase in the level of decomposition, the output ratio decreases, at the level N = 4 the output signal-to-noise almost does not exceed the input one, therefore, the filtering becomes ineffective. The correlation coefficient to the fourth level is significantly reduced, which means a significant increase in the distortion introduced by the filtering algorithm.
DEVELOPING AN INTEGRAL INDICATOR OF SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Almetyevsk State Oil Institute, Almetyevsk, Russian Federation, Tugashova L.G. , Zatonskiy A.V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Currently, the issue of determining the rating and scientific significance of journals remains very important. It provides a review of the methods for assessing the quality of Russian and foreign journals. Purpose of work. The aim of the study is to develop mathematical models allowing to simulate and predict the dynamics of an integral indicator of the scientific development of a journal. Materials and methods. The paper defines the set of scientometric indicators for assessing the scientific significance of journals. The independence of factors was investigated using a matrix of matching correlation coefficients. A method for obtaining a mathematical dependence that reflects the relationship between the selected scientometric indicators and the integral indicator, based on the application of the multidimensional average method, is proposed. The ranking of factors is performed by the expert method. The weight coefficients were calculated using the Fishburne method. As the source data, we used available information from the scholarly e-library. The results of the study. Using the formula obtained, the values of the integral indicator for 7 years have been calculated from the source data using the example of the Journal 1. Using a similar technique, we derived the dependence of the integral indicator on key indicators of the Journal 2, for which the Science Index indicator has not been defined. The forecast of bibliometric indicators (factors) and the integral index of the journal for the next three years is made. To predict the nature of the change in factors (number of citations), anquadratic and cubic dependence is selected. The influence of joint change of factors on the integral indicator is investigated. Discussion and conclusions. The developed mathematical models can be used to analyze changes in the complex of scientometric indicators over time when designing a development strategy for scientific journals and making managerial decisions.
A MULTILEVEL RESOURCE-SAVING BLAST FURNACE PROCESS CONTROL
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation, Barbasova T.A.
Published: March 2021

A multilevel resource-saving blast furnace process control is considered. The resource-saving control is provided for operating, adaptation, technical and economic control in the automated systems of blast-furnace processes. It is proposed to form optimal operation modes of blast furnace heating, metal charge structures, natural gas and oxygen consumption. Decisions are made using Kohonen neural networks taking into account current and planned parameters of coke quality, iron ore, raw materials and blast. At the level of operating control, the work suggests a model predictive control to improve the resource conservation indicators. The method is based on decomposition of the general problem of the process dynamics identification on particular problems: dynamic synchronization and identification of process transfer functions. At the level of adaptive control, optimal operating modes of blast furnaces are expedient to be developed with respect to blast furnace heating, structure of metal charge, natural gas and oxygen rate considering the current and planned parameters of coke, blasting. The blast furnace operating modes are suggested to be determined based on Kohonen neural networks. In evaluating the efficiency of introducing the model predictive control, the existing actual statistics of scatter of BF mode parameters should be based upon. The fact is that the introduction of model predictive control assumes no radical change of the BF melt technology. Like in all the control systems, the BF process is considered as the set control object with all its characteristics. Changing process settings, raw material content does not introduce any cardinal variation in the scatter of process characteristics. However, in this case a transient process occurs which is necessary for the control system to identify the changing conditions. The transient process is inherent to all the control systems and the blast furnace process is not an exclusion. As a result of transient process, the control system is set to the optimal mode.
Análisis de las habilidades adquiridas por alumnado formado en mediación en un contexto escolar
Authors: Pulido Rosa , Calderón Sonsoles , Martín-Seoane Gema , Lucas-Molina Beatriz
Published: March 2021

En este estudio se analizó el uso de habilidades de escucha activa por parte de 19 alumnos (3º y 4º de ESO y 1º de Bachillerato) durante simulaciones de casos de mediación realizadas en sesiones de formación en habilidades para mediar. También se realizaron entrevistas y grupos de discusión para conocer la percepción de los alumnos sobre su propia ejecución. Se observó que los alumnos utilizan principalmente la estrategia de hacer preguntas abiertas, seguida de resumir y parafrasear; reflejar se usó con menor frecuencia y los mensajes yo en ninguna ocasión. Esto coincide con su percepción, ya que consideran que estas habilidades son difíciles de utilizar. Estos resultados señalan la necesidad de un periodo de prácticas donde aprender a automatizar el uso de estas habilidades, o de otro modo los alumnos no tendrán las competencias necesarias para asumir el rol de mediador.
Disminución del cortisol y mejora del estado de ánimo tras un programa psicoeducativo en cuidadores informales de personas con trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA): un estudio preliminar.
Authors: Sariñana-González Patricia , Ruiz-Robledillo Nicolás , Pla Vanesa , Moreno Eugenia , Moya-Albiol Luis
Published: March 2021

El cuidado de un familiar con un trastorno de la conducta alimentaria (TCA) repercute negativamente en el cuidador, aumentando su percepción de estrés y deteriorando su calidad de vida. Los cuidadores informales de personas con TCA presentan mayores índices de ansiedad y depresión, y un peor estado de salud general. Se analizó la efectividad de un programa de intervención psicoeducativo en esta población, formado por 12 sesiones repartidas en 6 meses, y orientado a la reducción del estrés, la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo negativo. Se evaluaron los niveles de cortisol vespertino como marcador biológico de percepción de estrés, y la ansiedad y el estado de ánimo, antes y después de 3 sesiones del programa de intervención (pre-intervención, intermedia y post-intervención). Los resultados indicaron una mejora significativa del estado de ánimo y la ansiedad al finalizar el programa. Además, hubo una reducción de los niveles de cortisol vespertino en cada una de las sesiones evaluadas. En conclusión, el programa psicoeducativo utilizado fue efectivo para la mejora del estado de ánimo y la percepción de estrés. Futuros estudios deberían replicar estos resultados aumentando el tamaño muestral, incluyendo un grupo control e investigando los efectos positivos en los pacientes de TCA.
Strength Analysis and Repair Strategy of Aged Steel Jetty Pile
Authors: Riyanto Raditya Danu , Syahroni Nur , Mulyadi Yeyes
Published: March 2021

Indonesia has 95.161 km coastal lines with a total of 17.504 islands. With this nature, Indonesia has 1.226 ports, with a total accumulated length of up to 92 km. However, not all these ports are in proper condition. For ports that have steel jetty piles, corrosion is one of the problems. This paper provides technical experience and methodology for analyzing the pier's corrosion conditions and evaluating existing corrosion's effect on its strength. The survey methodology and required data, including a survey of cathodic protection, visual conditions, and pile thickness, are discussed in this paper. The static strength analysis of the existing state structure was carried out. This article provides repair strategies, including repair methods and a study of the number of piles repaired. This methodology results in the recommendations for pile repair strategies and guidance on effective analytical methods in determining the number of repaired piles for aged steel jetty pile repair.
Virtual Online Teaching in Transport Law
Authors: Spisto Michael , Lee Christine
Published: March 2021

The virtual classroom is a new and modern structure in university teaching around the world. It can provide tuition to students in advantageous ways. The virtual classroom, with its numerous functionalities, provides a level of student class participation that is unprecedented in face-to-face classes It is also appeals to students, as it saves them time and money with public transport and/or parking. A much-improved classroom attendance record as compared to face-to-face classes has also been noticed. The students’ levels of understanding of the subject matter has also been noticeably improved by mechanisms available in virtual classroom teaching. As technology improves, the virtual classroom is likely to increasingly popular for convenience, flexibility and study efficacy. This paper explores the use of virtual classrooms in law education.
Should Ethical Vegans Have a Beef with the Definition of Religion?
Authors: Offer Kate , Barker Renae
Published: March 2021

Veganism, where adherents eschew the consumption of animals or their by-products, has seen a substantial increase in popularity in recent years. Vegans who follow the diet for moral or ethical reasons (ethical vegans) have argued in the United States, with limited success and, more recently, in the United Kingdom that they should be protected from discrimination on the grounds of their adherence to ethical veganism, contending that ethical veganism should be subject to similar protections as religion. In the United Kingdom, anti-discrimination legislation protects philosophical beliefs in addition to religion and it was recently held in a preliminary hearing in Casamitjana v The League Against Cruel Sports that ethical veganism falls within the ambit of the relevant statute. The authors examine the situation in the United Kingdom and the United States and conclude that, given that Australian anti-discrimination statutes only refer to religion as a protected attribute, this outcome is unlikely to be replicated since veganism is highly unlikely to meet the current definition of religion.
Detecting second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary first molars in Erbil citizens: CBCT Retrospective study.
Authors: Mohamadamin Mustafa , Thiab Karam , Khalid Ribwar , Khidir Khidir
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: The success of root canal therapy is depending on cleaning and shaping of the root canals. The root canals have complex morphology and wide individual variations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of second mesiobuccal canal (MB2) of maxillary first molars in Erbil population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: A total of 101 permanent maxillary first molars were randomly se-lected from Erbil citizens. All teeth were examined for the number of root canals and the pres-ence of second mesiobuccal canal by Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Result: The MB2 canal was found in 80.2% (the 95% CI is 72.3% to 87.1%) of the analyzed cas-es (81/101). Conclusion: The second mesiobuccal canal was found in a high percentage of the samples. And it is within normal magnitude in comparison with the common findings in the literature. These results indicate that CBCT is an effective, high-precision diagnostic tool for detecting canals. Keywords: Maxillary first molars, second mesiobuccal canal, cone beam computed tomography, Erbil Citizens.