bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute appendicitis after colorectal endoscopic mucosal resection: a case report
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Hui , Yin Xiao-Yi , Wang Teng , Liu Jiong , Wu Lin , Hu Liang-Hao , Wang Fang-Yu
Published: May 2022

Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) was originally described in 1973 and is currently a popular practice used in treating polyps, small adenomas, and early cancers. Although the safety of EMR has been proven in numerous studies, complications occur occasionally. We report a case in which the patient complained of severe upper abdominal pain and who was diagnosed with acute appendicitis after colorectal EMR. The patient recovered well after surgery. Cautious observation is necessary when resuming oral intake in patients who undergo colorectal EMR and who complain of postoperative abdominal pain. Observation is especially important for patients with a fecalith that may have originally existed in the appendix or in the colon near the appendix.
Poisoning by Nierembergia veitchii: Effects on vascular smooth muscle cells in the pathogenesis of enzootic calcinosis
Authors: Machado Mizael , Castro Márcio B. , Wilson Tais M. , Gonçalves Alexandra A. B. , Portiansky Enrique L. , Riet-Correa Franklin , Barros Severo S.
Published: May 2022

Vascular mineralization is a hallmark of enzootic calcinosis. Histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical investigations were performed on the external carotid arteries of seven sheep naturally poisoned by Nierembergia veitchii. Histologically, moderate to marked hyperplasia of the tunica intima was observed without mineralization. The tunica media exhibited mild to severe mineralization and osteochondroid metaplasia. Sheep with enzootic calcinosis showed arterial overexpression of osteopontin and tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and immunolabeling for osteonectin and osteocalcin in both intima and media layers of the tested arteries. The main ultrastructural finding in the tunica media was a marked phenotypic change of vascular smooth muscle cells from a contractile phenotype (VSMC-C) into a synthetic phenotype (VSMC-S). In the tunica media, VSMC-S produced matrix and extracellular vesicles, forming mineralizable granules associated with arterial mineralization. VSMC-S were also present in the tunica intima, but matrix and extracellular vesicles and mineralization were not observed. The absence of matrix and extracellular vesicles in the intimal hyperplasia, even in the presence of noncollagenous bone proteins, tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase, and vitamin D receptors, reinforces the hypothesis that the presence of matrix and extracellular vesicles are crucial for the development of vascular mineralization in enzootic calcinosis. It is proposed that the two different VSMC-S phenotypes in calcinosis are due to the expression of at least two genetically different types of these cells induced by the action of 1,25(OH)2D3.
Road to nowhere or to somewhere? Migrant pathways in platform work in Canada
Authors: Lam Laura , Triandafyllidou Anna
Published: May 2022

Canada boasts some of the most highly educated migrants in the world, but it is well recognised that these migrants face many labour market barriers to gainful employment despite their experience and qualification. Administrative data indicate that the proportion of gig workers is considerably higher among migrants, yet little is known about the various perceived and desired pathways of migrants who choose to pursue platform work. In this inductive, qualitative study, we interviewed 35 platform workers in Canada regarding why and how they turned to such forms of work and how it fits their overall plans for integrating into the Canadian labour market. Adopting a grounded theory approach, we found six pathways into platform work ranging from those who feel in control of the situation as a means to an end, to those who feel trapped in it, unable to find alternatives. We question how these pathways relate to macro factors (e.g. immigration status, professional status), meso factors (e.g. education and skills, networks) or micro factors (e.g. stage in life cycle, aspirations). In our analysis, we consider the critical insights offered by scholars on racial and platform capitalism in understanding the factors impacting migrants’ pathways into platform work in Canada. Our findings suggest that these structural inequalities are further perpetuated within platform work, even though in theory Canada's immigration system is merit-based with emphasis on high human capital. Migrants’ engagement in platform work is a piece of a larger puzzle of segmented labour markets.
Placing the Foundational Economy: An emerging discourse for post-neoliberal economic development
Authors: Russell Bertie , Beel David , Rees Jones Ian , Jones Martin
Published: May 2022

Emerging in the mid-2010s, the Foundational Economy has been heralded as ‘a compelling counter-project against neoliberalism’ and ‘an alternative pathway … [for] progressive political renewal’. Grounded in a review of cross-disciplinary debates, this paper introduces the concept of the Foundational Economy and places it in relation to heterodox geographic theories of socio-economic development such as the ‘social economy’ and ‘diverse economies’ literature. Whilst there are clear overlaps, the concept of the Foundational Economy can be distinguished through its commitment to (a) a zonal perspective; (b) a focus on maximalist social innovations; and (c) the reconstitution of citizenship. In radical combination, it is argued that the lens of the Foundational Economy facilitates ‘a trenchant critique and denaturalization of current conditions, in tandem with creative explorations of the political economy of alternatives’. The paper concludes by reflecting on current oversights and future research trajectories for Foundational Economy research.
Effects of sevoflurane versus propofol on cerebral autoregulation during anaesthesia for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy
Authors: Robertson Tomas J , McCulloch Timothy J , Paleologos Michael S , Downey Ryan G , Loadsman John A , Thanigasalam Ruban , Leslie Scott
Published: May 2022

Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy requires a pneumoperitoneum combined with steep Trendelenburg positioning, and these conditions can be associated with impairment of cerebral autoregulation. The objective of this study was to determine if choice of anaesthetic agent affects the preservation of cerebral autoregulation during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. We randomly assigned 30 patients to maintenance of general anaesthesia with either propofol or sevoflurane. Cerebral autoregulation was tested by administration of intravenous phenylephrine to increase mean arterial pressure from approximately 80 mmHg to 100 mmHg while assessing cerebral blood flow using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Autoregulation was first tested in the supine position and then approximately once every hour after Trendelenburg positioning. The main outcome measure was the result of the final autoregulation test prior to completion of surgery. At that time, we found cerebral autoregulation to be significantly impaired in six of the 15 patients receiving sevoflurane and none of the 15 patients receiving propofol ( P = 0.02). However, it should be noted that some patients in the propofol group had impaired autoregulation on earlier tests. In conclusion, we found that autoregulation during robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy is less likely to be impaired with propofol compared to sevoflurane anaesthesia, particularly towards the end of the surgery.
Optimization of Dynamic Speed-Homogeneous Space Using Location-Based Vehicle Data
Authors: Chong Kyusoo , Lee Young-in
Published: May 2022

Road extent compared with the number of automobiles registered in South Korea is the lowest among OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. Currently, traffic information is provided based on nodes and links using the centerlines of the roads. However, detailed speed information is unavailable. This study presents an optimization method for space to represent a dynamic speed-homogeneous space. Vehicle directions were separated by route using azimuth data based on global navigation satellite system (GNSS) location information, and the time mean speed and space mean speed were used to determine the homogeneous space of vehicle speed through the gradual separation of space. The processing speed of large-capacity data was increased by using Geohash, which applied a quaternary basis segmentation method that split data into two directions of longitude and latitude. The numbers of homogeneous speed spaces along the two directions of the Gyeongbu Expressway were determined to be 127 and 170, respectively, by the 12-step segmentation method. Spaces not included in the range of homogeneous speed spaces amounted to 5.19% and 7.51%, respectively, along the northbound and southbound roadways of the Gyeongbu Expressway. These non-convergence spaces were analyzed by the influence of vehicles entering or exiting slowly from the merging and diverging areas of the freeway junctions and interchanges. In other words, these were analyzed by the difference of speed by lane and not the driving direction.
Teen Driver Distractions and Parental Norms
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Nooshabadi Mehdi , Vasquez Holland , Merrikhpour Maryam , Donmez Birsen
Published: May 2022

Research related to parental norms on teen driver distractions is limited, although distracted driving is a serious concern for teens. This paper investigates whether teens’ perception of their parent’s engagement in and approval of distractions is different to what their parent reports, and whether any discrepancy relates to teens’ self-reported distraction engagement frequency. It also investigates whether there are discrepancies between the parents’ perception of their teen’s distraction engagement frequency and the teen’s self-report. A distinction is made between legal and illegal distractions as drivers may build stronger norms around illegal distractions. Analyses were conducted on data from 63 teen–parent dyads from Ontario, Canada, who completed an online survey, including self-reported engagement in 16 distractions and related descriptive (what parents/teens do) and injunctive (what parents approve/disapprove) norms. Dyads were divided into two groups: higher-engagers (n = 27) and lower-engagers (n = 36) based on teens’ self-reported engagement frequency. Higher-engagers reported engaging in both distraction types (legal and illegal) more often than their parent did; there was no difference between lower-engagers and their parent. Higher-engagers’ perception of their parent’s engagement in and approval of legal distractions was higher than their parent’s self-report, while these parents perceived their teen’s engagement in both distraction types to be lower compared with the teen’s self-report. The only discrepancy observed for lower-engagers was that teens’ perception of their parent’s approval of legal distractions was higher than parents’ self-reports. Our findings suggest that misperceptions may exist for teens who engage more frequently in distractions and for their parents, who may benefit from relevant interventions.
Investigation of IDEAL-CT Device Equivalence: Are All Devices Equal?
Authors: Moore Nathan , Steger Richard , Bowers Benjamin , Taylor Adam
Published: May 2022

The IDEAL-CT (InDirect tEnsile AsphaLt Cracking Test) has rapidly become a popular cracking test for asphalt mixture acceptance. There have been several studies conducted to ensure this test is sufficient and acceptable for mixture acceptance purposes with respect to testing variability and the test’s ability to detect mixture quality improvements. A potential source of testing variability yet to be comprehensively studied is the variability introduced between testing devices. This paper provides a case study for the potential CTIndex variability, which can be attributed to the test device and the impact this has on determining whether devices are equivalent. The two one-sided tests (TOST) equivalence test, applied to this study, is a more appropriate statistical test to determine device equivalence when compared with typical hypothesis tests like analysis of variance. The TOST requires the user to have an understanding of an acceptable limit of deviation between two devices to determine both the statistical and practical equivalence between devices. This paper details the equivalence testing of 100 unique device-to-device comparisons and provides an example of the importance of using an appropriate number of samples to set achievable limits for accepting device equivalency. A relatively simple approach to assessing equivalence is recommended to IDEAL-CT users in situations in which device-to-device comparisons have real-world consequences. Finally, guidance is provided for selecting a minimum number of samples required to adequately test for device-to-device equivalence.
Relationship between toll-like receptor expression in the distal facial nerve and facial nerve recovery after injury
Authors: Min Hye Kyu , Kim In Hyeok , Lee Jae Min , Jung Junyang , Rim Hwa Sung , Kang Dae Woong , Kim Sang Hoon , Yeo Seung Geun
Published: May 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether toll-like receptor expression patterns differ in the distal facial nerve during recovery after crushing and cutting injuries. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent crushing or cutting injury of the unilateral facial nerve. Their whisker movement and blink reflex were examined. Western blotting was performed with the normal nerve on the left side and the damaged nerve on the right side, four days, 14 days, and 3 months after injury. Results: The scores of whisker movements and blink reflex in the crushing group showed improvements, while the score of the cutting group was significantly lower at 14 days and 3 months (p < 0.05). Western blotting showed that TLRs 11 and 13 increased in the crushing group, and TLRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, and 13 increased in the cutting group after 14 days ( p < 0.05). After 3 months, TLRs 10 and 11 increased in the crushing group, and TLRs 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, and 12 increased in the cutting group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: TLRs 1, 4, 5, 8, and 12 are related to nerve degeneration after facial nerve injury, and TLRs 10, 11, and 13 are related to recovery from facial palsy.
Experimental and numerical research on healing performance of reinforced microcapsule-based self-healing polymers using nanoparticles
Authors: Barbaz-Isfahani Reza , Saber-Samandari Saeed , Salehi Manouchehr
Published: May 2022

The effect of enhancing multicore microcapsules with various nanoparticles on the healing efficiency of microcapsule-based self-healing polymers was investigated in this study. The incorporated polymers with enhanced microcapsules by MWCNT, nanoclay, and nanosilica were fabricated. Three volume fractions (VFs) of microcapsules, including 5, 7.5, and 10% were added to the epoxy matrix. The maximum tensile stresses of the virgin, damaged by controlled low velocity impact test, and healed specimens were obtained to calculate the healing efficiencies of fabricated self-healing polymers. Also, a multi-scale FE modeling was promoted using RVEs generation and ABAQUS-Explicit solver attached with VUSDFLD subroutines to predict the healing efficiencies. The results indicated that by increasing the VF of microcapsules, the healing efficiencies of specimens were increased. Increasing the VF of the microcapsules could increase the probability of hitting induced cracks due to the LVI test with microcapsules. Thus, further spreading of healing agents into the propagated cracks would increase the healing efficiency of specimens containing higher VF of microcapsules. Also, increasing the strength of microcapsules reduced the healing efficiency of specimens. For instance, in the specimens containing 10% VF of enhanced microcapsules with MWCNT, the healing efficiency was 45.90%, while it was 50.41% for enhanced microcapsules with nanosilica. Increasing the mechanical properties of microcapsules could decrease the probability of rupturing damaged microcapsules, which reduced the healing efficiency of these specimens. Finally, the predicted healing efficiency of simulated RVEs had good accuracy, indicating the reliability of introduced multi-scale FEM.
Can Everyday Assistive Technologies Provide Meaningful Support to Persons With Dementia and Their Informal Caregivers? Evaluation of Collaborative Community Program
Authors: Warner Lora , Tipping LaReina
Published: May 2022

One of the most challenging caregiving roles today is providing informal care to an individual with dementia. A new program, “AT-Home with Dementia,” was created by three collaborative social service agencies to offer simple assistive technologies to persons with dementia and their informal caregivers. Staff, equipped with a traveling kit of everyday devices, offered items during home visits to enhance memory, functional activities, safety, and comfort of persons with dementia. A limited formative program review led to improvements in the new program’s reach, service delivery, and data. The results showed that the program enhanced the home environment of the caregiving dyad and led to greater independence of persons with dementia (PWD) and self-assurance among caregivers. Existing community agencies may refer to this program to serve individuals with early-stage dementia. Finally, community agencies and funders may consider adapting this program to provide support to the informal care providers and PWD.
Fairness and Comparability in Achievement Motivation Items: A Differential Item Functioning Analysis
Authors: Bialo Jacquelyn A. , Li Hongli
Published: May 2022

Achievement motivation is a well-documented predictor of a variety of positive student outcomes. However, given observed group differences in motivation and related outcomes, motivation instruments should be checked for comparable item and scale functioning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate measurement scale comparability and differential item functioning (DIF) in PISA 2015 achievement motivation items across gender and ethnicity using pairwise and multiple-group comparisons. In addition, DIF was investigated in relation to a common base group that reflected the sample average. Results indicated DIF between gender groups and between the base group and female students. For ethnicity, DIF was consistently flagged in pairwise comparisons with Black/African American students and Asian students as well as in base group comparisons. However, the identified DIF had little practical implications. Implications from these findings are discussed, and recommendations for future research are made.
From Capital to Capabilities: Human Development Theory and New Directions in Economic Development
Authors: Doussard Marc , Yenigun Ozge
Published: May 2022

This paper investigates the potential of human development theory to provide alternatives to long-standing practical and conceptual problems in traditional economic development. We show that the capabilities approach developed by Sen and Nussbaum provides new solutions to four long-standing problems that define economic development activities focused on industrial recruitment and highly skilled professionals: (1) competition for scarce material resources, (2) connection to other planning specializations, (3) cities’ limited control over economies, and (4) coordinating the unmanageable networks that oversee plans. We demonstrate that these benefits are actual, rather than aspirational, by documenting the growth and diffusion of three types of urban economic policies that enact human development ideas: employment standards, reduced-cost education, and universal public programs
Improving Global Planning Education by Centering the Experience of International Students in U.S. and Canadian Planning Schools
Authors: Fan Yingling , Hoey Lesli , Das Ashok , Irazábal Clara , Stiftel Bruce , Shatkin Gavin , Owusu Francis , Doan Petra , Fang Yiping , Rumbach Andrew
Published: May 2022

This report examines ways to better support international students in U.S. and Canadian planning schools based on a survey and focus groups conducted by the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning Global Planning Education Committee (GPEC). Findings show that international students often face alienation and structural barriers to navigating universities and living in an unfamiliar culture, along with identity ambiguity, inadequate career services, and narrowly focused urban planning curricula. This suggests the need for greater mentorship; explicit recognition in diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts; tailored professional development; and more holistic support systems.
Marketplaces of Misinformation: A Study of How Vaccine Misinformation Is Legitimized on Social Media
Authors: Di Domenico Giandomenico , Nunan Daniel , Pitardi Valentina
Published: May 2022

Combating harmful misinformation about pharmaceuticals on social media is a growing challenge. The complexity of health information, the role of expert intermediaries in disseminating information, and the information dynamics of social media create an environment where harmful misinformation spreads rapidly. However, little is known about the origin of this misinformation. This article explores the processes through which health misinformation from online marketplaces is legitimized and spread. Specifically, across one content analysis and two experimental studies, the authors investigate the role of highly legitimized influencer content in spreading vaccine misinformation. By analyzing a data set of social media posts and the websites where this content originates, the authors identify the legitimation processes that spread and normalize discussions about vaccine hesitancy (Study 1). Study 2 shows that expert cues increase the perceived legitimacy of misinformation, particularly for individuals who generally have positive attitudes toward vaccines. Study 3 demonstrates the role of expert legitimacy in driving consumers’ sharing behavior on social media. This research addresses a gap in the understanding of how pharmaceutical misinformation originates and becomes legitimized. Given the importance of the effective communication of vaccine information, the authors present key challenges for policy makers.
Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination Among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Arthur-Holmes Francis , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Dadzie Louis Kobina , Agbaglo Ebenezer , Okyere Joshua , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: May 2022

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is predominant in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and has serious adverse effects on the physical, psychological, and reproductive health of those who experience it. For reproductive health outcomes, experiencing IPV has been linked to higher odds of unintended pregnancies that can result in abortion. Hence, we examined the association between IPV and pregnancy termination among women in SSA. This study used data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs) of 25 countries in SSA, which adopted a cross-sectional study design. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression models were used to examine the association between IPV and pregnancy termination. The results were presented as crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The prevalence of IPV and pregnancy termination were 40.8% and 16.5%, respectively. The odds of pregnancy termination was higher among women who had experienced IPV [cOR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.52–1.61] compared to those who had never experienced IPV. This persisted after controlling for potential confounders [aOR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.51–1.61]. At the country level, IPV had a significant association with pregnancy termination in all the countries considered, except Sierra Leone and Namibia. These findings highlight the need for laws and policies to protect women from IPV in SSA, especially in the countries that recorded higher odds of IPV and pregnancy termination.
The State of our Breastfeeding Friendly Childcare Programs: Ten Years After the 2011 Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding
Authors: Roig-Romero Regina M. , Livingston Taylor A. , Schafer Ellen J. , Reyes Martinez Estefanny , Wachira Maret , Marhefka Stephanie
Published: May 2022

Background:

Ten years ago, the U.S. Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding made recommendations for childcare settings, including: (1) accommodating and supporting breastfeeding families; and (2) adopting national guidelines on breastfeeding support in childcare settings.

Research Aims:

To (1) describe the existing breastfeeding friendly childcare designation programs in the United States; and (2) describe how states are accommodating breastfeeding families in childcare settings.

Method:

The study design was cross-sectional, prospective thematic description of existing publicly available documents. A search of state breastfeeding coalitions was conducted to assess the number of states with breastfeeding friendly childcare designation programs. A definitive yes-or-no answer regarding whether each state had a program was obtained from all 50 states. For states with programs, designation materials were analyzed using thematic analysis and the framework method to compare designation components.

Results:

Fifteen states had evidence of breastfeeding friendly childcare designation programs and similarities exist across designation program components. Four standards were common to all 15 programs: written policy on breastfeeding, suitable space within the center where mothers can breastfeed or express their milk, educational materials, and resources on breastfeeding available to parents. Most states required self-assessment to achieve designation status.

Conclusion:

Research is needed to enable evidence-based programs and decision-making regarding components and processes. Federal funding should support these programs’ mission, including funding research to assess how and in what circumstances these programs are improving breastfeeding-related outcomes and supporting breastfeeding families.
Adolescents’ Family Socioeconomic Status, Teacher–Student Interactions, and Career Ambivalence/Adaptability: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study
Authors: Zheng Lifen , Meng Haoran , Wang Shaofan , Liang Yue , Nie Ruihong , Jiang Lianjiang , Li Beilei , Cao Hongjian , Zhou Nan
Published: May 2022

Using three-wave longitudinal data, this study tested the potential mediating roles of teacher–student relationship quality and teachers’ career support efficacy in the association between Chinese adolescents’ family socioeconomic status (SES) and career development ( N = 1410). Results showed that adolescents’ family SES at Wave 1 was negatively associated with their career ambivalence at Wave 3 via positive associations with both teacher–student relationship quality and teachers’ career support efficacy at Wave 2. Moreover, adolescents’ family SES at Wave 1 was positively related to career adaptability at Wave 3 via its positive association with teachers’ career support efficacy at Wave 2. This study highlighted the important role of teacher–student interaction in adolescents’ career development.
Numerical simulation of post-weld shot peening using combined discrete and finite element methods (DEM-FEM)
Authors: Ahmad Abdulrahaman Shuaibu , Wu Yunxin , Gong Hai , Alhassan Yusuf
Published: May 2022

The numerical simulation of the post-weld shot peening (SP) process was performed to analyze the influence of various SP parameters on the final induced compressive residual stress (CRS). Firstly, the welding process was simulated based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) using ABAQUS CAE and FORTRAN user subroutine code, from which the initial welding-induced tensile residual stresses (TRS) were obtained. The FE model was validated using the results obtained from the TIG welding of the aluminum 2219 alloy (AA 2219) plate. Then, the post-weld SP process was numerically simulated using the combined discrete and finite element methods (DEM-FEM). The computed CRS from the simulation was compared with the experimentally measured outcome to validate the DEM-FEM model, and good agreement was observed from the compared results. Finally, the post-weld SP model was applied to extensively analyze the influence of the various SP parameters related to the peening media and target material on the final CRS.
Development and testing of a wireless multi-axis toolholder dynamometer for milling and drilling process
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Gao Dong , Lu Yong , Xie Zhengyou , Wang Zhiqi
Published: May 2022

The cutting force provides important information such as tool condition, chips information, and machining parameters selection. Thus, many researchers have proposed some methods for cutting force monitoring. However, most of them are only applied in the laboratory due to lower flexibility and complex installation. In this paper, a split multi-axis toolholder dynamometer is proposed and developed, which can equip different types of machining spindle and fit for multi-size tool. It consists of six capacitive sensors that can sense four deformations in vertical direction and two deformations in circumferential direction. Meanwhile, the distance between two plates in the vertical and circumferential capacitive sensors was adjusted separately. An acquisition and wireless transmission unit was designed to detect the capacitive variation and then transfer data to upper computer. Finally, a standard tool holder and a force sensing unit, a bottom socket, an acquisition and wireless transmission unit, a lithium battery, a cover were installed and debugged as a whole system. To validate its static and dynamic characteristics, various tests are conducted. The result demonstrates that the toolholder dynamometer can accurately and reliably monitor four-axis cutting force in the milling and drilling operations.
Influence of different cutting edges caused by tool wear on cutting process of titanium alloy TC21 based on finite element model
Authors: Zhu Xiaoling , Cai Li , Qian Xiaohua
Published: May 2022

Titanium alloys have emerged as a significant aerospace material due to the high strength, good corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance thereof, but such alloys also have poor machinability because of the unique properties. Rapid tool wear is a serious problem for titanium alloy machining, with tool wear resulting in different tool edges. In the present study, finite element technology was used to establish a 2D cutting numerical model, so as to investigate the influence of the different cutting edges caused by tool wear during the machining process of titanium alloy TC21. In the cutting model, four different types of tool edges, including sharp edge, round edge, chamfer edge and crater edge, were established to analyze the influence of different tool edges on the cutting process of TC21 alloy. Additionally, the material model, chip separation model, friction model and heat transfer model have been included in the established model. A series of cutting simulations based on the model were conducted, through which the chip morphology, cutting temperature, cutting force, surface morphology and residual stress under the different tool edges were analyzed. The simulation results were compared with the experimental results, and indicated that the tool edge is a significant factor in the machining process of TC21 alloy. A proper cutting edge can improve the cutting quality.
Fuzzy logic expert system with multi-objective optimization of carbon nanotube infused nanopaint surface characteristics analysis using IRB 1410 robot
Authors: Sai Kiran Jakkula Raja Venkata , Sethuramalingam Prabhu
Published: May 2022

In this investigative study, the Taguchi design (L9) of experiments with TOPSIS multi-objective optimization is used for the robot nanopainting. The optimization objective is to maximize the film glue individually and minimize the surface blemishes and film thickness by varying the IRB 1410 robot painting parameters, such as the robot speed, pressure, and distance. The multi-wall carbon nanotube is infused into the paint materials using the ultrasonication process, and the mechanical properties are analysed with a comparison to regular paint materials. The virtual robot cycle time analysis is carried out for three different robot pathway patterns, namely linear, zig-zag, and circular. It is then compared with real-time experimental robot nanopaint on cold rolled close annealing steel materials. The obtained results show that surface roughness and thickness are minimized by 54% and 33.4%, respectively, using the robot nano spray coating when compared with regular spray coating. The film adhesive of robot Nano spray coating is maximized by 2.8% more than normal spray coating. A fuzzy logic expert system model is used to evaluate the surface finish characteristics of the nanopaint surface with low prediction error and with 89.2% confidence level. Heat transfer analysis of the robot nano-coated substrate is compared with that of the robot normal-coated substrate.
Real-time prediction for the surge of turboshaft engine using multi-branch feature fusion neural network
Authors: Zhang Xing-Long , Zhang Tian-Hong , Li Ling-Wei , Zhang Jia-Ming
Published: May 2022

The existing aeroengine instability precursor detection methods can be summarized as applying advanced signal processing technologies to various signals from the compressor test rig rather than the whole engine. Besides, these methods seriously depend on the artificial designed feature and threshold and also ignore the limit on the sensors onboard. Thus, with the help of the powerful feature extraction ability of the deep neural network, a real-time surge prediction method based on the multi-branch feature fusion neural network (MBFFNN) is proposed. First, the dataset can be obtained by using overlapping slices to divide surge test data into a sample sequence and using complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) to label each sample precisely. Second, for each sample, the time-domain statistical parameters are calculated and the recurrence plot is obtained by using phase space reconstruction. Finally, the MBFFNN with mixed data type input is designed, and its performance is evaluated by the generated dataset. The experimental results show that compared with multilayer perceptron (MLP), long short-term memory (LSTM), and deep residual network (DRN), MBFFNN has the best performance on two datasets for different surge tests, which demonstrates that the proposed method for surge prediction can accurately judge the state of the aeroengine, identify the instability precursor before the surge, and give an early warning in advance.
The ‘insanity’ of Lady Durham
Authors: Paley Ruth
Published: May 2022

This essay draws on evidence in a late nineteenth-century court case and surviving medical notes to provide a case study of a hitherto unidentified case of Autism Spectrum Disorder. The case is particularly interesting in that it not only appears to be the first identification of historical ASD in a female, but also because the patient subsequently developed symptoms of psychosis suggestive of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. The unusual survival of detailed medical notes also throws light on the ways in which a difficult patient was treated by supposedly enlightened pioneers of psychiatry.
The case of Dr Pownall – mad doctor, sane patient and insane murderer
Authors: Carpenter Peter
Published: May 2022

Dr Pownall was a surgeon, asylum proprietor and one-time mayor of Calne who had bouts of insanity. He had two serious bouts of violence when insane, and later murdered a servant, Louisa Cook, after his discharge from Northwoods Asylum as recovered. He was tried for murder and ended up in Broadmoor, where he died in 1882. There are extensive contemporary public accounts of the case, but detailed examination of the roles of the local chief magistrate, Purnell Barnsby Purnell, and Pownall’s brother-in-law and asylum doctor, Dr Ogilvie, reveals severe tensions that adversely influenced events. Everyone defended themselves, and few lessons were learned about cooperation.
Gustav Nikolaus Specht (1860–1940): psychiatric practice, research and teaching during a change of psychiatric paradigm before and after Kraepelin
Authors: Braun Birgit , Kornhuber Johannes
Published: May 2022

Gustav Specht (1860–1940) developed academic psychiatry in Erlangen. After studying medicine in Würzburg, Munich and Berlin, he became assistant medical director in the mental asylum of Erlangen. In 1897 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 1903 ordinary, Professor of Psychiatry. A good clinician and teacher, Specht worked during a time of paradigm change in psychiatry. He was an expert in chronic mania, and introduced the concept of the ‘grumbler’s delusion’. Paranoia he believed to be the core problem of psychopathology and considered the depressive syndrome as an ‘exogenous-type’ of reaction. For him, trauma was important in the genesis of mental illness, and his ‘hystero-melancholy’ anticipated the concept of borderline personality disorder.
Supply or demand? Institutionalization of the mentally ill in the emerging Swedish welfare state, 1900–59
Authors: Eriksson Liselotte , Junkka Johan , Sandström Glenn , Vikström Lotta
Published: May 2022

Historical studies on the institutionalization of the mentally ill have primarily relied on data for institutionalized patients rather than the population at risk. Consequently, the underlying factors of institutionalization are unclear. Using Swedish longitudinal microdata from 1900–59 reporting mental disorders, we examine whether supply factors, such as distance to institutions and number of asylum beds, influenced the risk of institutionalization, in addition to demand factors such as access to family. Institutionalization risks were associated with the supply of beds and proximity to an asylum, but also dependent on families’ unmet demand for care of relatives. As the supply of mental care met this family-driven demand in the 1930s, the relative risk of institutionalization increased among those lacking family networks.
The persistence of legal uncertainty on EU citizens’ access to social benefits in Germany
Authors: Gago Angie , Hruschka Constantin
Published: May 2022

Legal uncertainty may hinder the effective implementation of public policies. Still, the political and legal dynamics that underpin its persistence are underexplored. This article proposes that legal uncertainty is more likely to persist in multi-level political and legal systems where actors with authority on the same issue hold different interpretations of rules. Also, it suggests that, under these conditions, actors can use legal uncertainty as an opportunity to advance their own interests. We illustrate this argument by investigating the legal uncertainty concerning EU citizens’ access to social benefits in Germany. Through the analysis of social legislation and courts’ rulings, the article shows that different interpretations of EU law by domestic actors hindered the possibilities of settling uncertainty: national courts of different levels used litigation processes and referrals to the Court of Justice of the European Union to advance their legal interpretations and the German government profited from the uncertainty to exclude EU citizens from social benefits.
Target detection of melamine in wheat gluten in a NIR infrared hyperspectral image
Authors: Gallagher Neal B
Published: May 2022

Hyperspectral imaging is continuing to gain popularity in a wide variety of applications in chemical sensing, standoff sensing and remote sensing. One area of particular interest for hyperspectral imaging in the food, pharmaceutical and chemical industries is detection of trace particulates in feedstocks and raw materials. The reason for this interest is that hyperspectral imaging is well suited for detection of minor signals in heterogenous samples. In these cases, the concentration of an analyte to be detected can have a very low concentration on a volume basis but can dominate the signal in a single hyperspectral imaging pixel. This article discusses the use of a target detection strategy for detection of trace particulates of melamine in wheat gluten.
Influence of acupuncture needle physical–chemical properties on needling quality
Authors: Lenoch Rafael Yamaguti , More Ari Ojeda Ocampo , Cubillos Patricia Ortega , Min Li Shih , More Ari Digiácomo Ocampo , Roesler Carlos Rodrigo de Mello
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

This study analyzed the physical–chemical properties of three different brands of acupuncture needle, classified by acupuncturists as high (A), medium (B) and low (C) quality.

Methods:

Experienced acupuncturists, rated, in terms of perceived needling quality, three acupuncture needle brands as high (A), medium (B) and low (C) quality. Next, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the tip and surface finish of the needles of each brand were analyzed. A mechanical test was developed and performed to evaluate the compressive force required to insert the needles through a smooth surface (silicon). In addition, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and dispersive energy spectroscopy (DES) were conducted to analyze the material composition of the needles and presence of oxidation.

Results:

SEM images revealed that needle brands A and B presented a sharper tip and a more regular surface finish in comparison to brand C. In the insertion test, needle brands A and B had similar performance characteristics, with A requiring less force to penetrate the silicon device when compared to B, while C failed to penetrate the silicon and complete the test. The XRF analysis did not reveal any differences in material composition between the three brands. However, brand C exhibited particles embedded on the needle surface and DES confirmed oxidation.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that perceived needling quality by acupuncturists can be correlated with physical–chemical properties of the needles, especially those related to finishing quality of the tip and the surface of the needles.
Performing Legal and National Identities: Australian Citizenship Ceremonies and the Management of Cultural Diversity
Authors: Macduff Anne
Published: May 2022

Academic scholarship analyses how citizenship law reforms such as longer residency requirements and tougher language tests reinforce culturally exclusionary national narratives. Citizenship ceremonies however, have largely escaped scholarly attention. Drawing on Australia as a case study, this article addresses that gap. After examining how Australian citizenship is performed at ceremonies, this article argues that although the government states that citizenship ceremonies should welcome new citizens, deep suspicions about the cultural diversity of migrants are also conveyed. This paper contributes to an understanding of how citizenship ceremonies reinforce culturally exclusionary national narratives, even where the legal criteria for acquiring citizenship status is non-discriminatory. This paper also illustrates how citizenship ceremonies are important sites for the construction and communication of legal identities.
Individuality Combined with Entrepreneurial Spirit: Breaking Patriarchal Codes in Prabha Khaitan’s A Life Apart
Authors: Yadav Shalini
Published: May 2022

Writing about “self” as an autobiography became an elite device in the hands of many Indian women post independence, who wished to write about their lives and exerted strenuously to break the restrictions imposed on them within the “four-walled peripheries” to construct their own identity and exhibit their individuality in various fields such as sports, business, film industry, defense, and in various other professions. They assertively voiced in the form of writing their life narratives to discard the burden of patriarchal dominance where with a prevalent sense of gender discrimination, they are considered feeble, inept, or subjugated. This article explores and cognizes the course of an inspirational and tear-jerking narrative, A Life Apart, crafted by a well-off industrialist and writer, Prabha Khaitan who flouted her community codes and stated against injustices and hypocrisies prevalent in the male-dominated society. It analyses how Prabha footsteps the arduous trail between the passion for love, work, and independence and the pull of traditions and family restrictions to be her own woman creating her own identity.
Jules Guérin and social medicine in 1848
Authors: Vieira_da_Silva Ligia Maria
Published: May 2022

The significance of Social Medicine in France in 1848 as a movement led by doctor Jules Guérin is not adequately documented. Why would an orthopedist write the call to doctors in Paris proposing a union around Social Medicine? What is the meaning of the formulation on Social Medicine made by Jules Guérin in 1848? An analysis of Jules Guérin's trajectory supported by primary and bibliographic sources was made to answer these questions. The material analyzed allows us to conclude that there was no movement around Social Medicine, unlike hygiene, and closer to the revolutionary proposals of 1848. Jules Guérin was a liberal doctor who aimed to have a place in the new revolutionary government for the medical corporation. His scientific and professional work was fundamentally related to orthopedics, and the paper on Social Medicine was a circumstantial essay with liberal content.
Moral distress and moral resilience of nurse managers
Authors: Faraco Michel Maximiano , Gelbcke Francine Lima , Brehmer Laura Cavalcanti de Farias , Ramos Flávia Regina Souza , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Silveira Luciana Ramos
Published: May 2022

Background

Moral distress is a phenomenon that can lead to an imbalance of the mind and body. There are many coping strategies to overcome the obstacles that lead the subject to this condition. Some coping strategies are capable of being achieved through the cultivation of moral resilience.

Aim

The aim is to identify the strategies of moral resilience in the nursing management of University Hospitals in Brazil.

Research design

The research design is the qualitative study with discursive textual analysis.

Participants and research context

: 44 nurse managers and nurses in leadership positions participated in a total of 30 University Hospitals in Brazil. Data were collected online, using a questionnaire with open questions.

Ethical considerations

The Ethics Committee approved the study. Participants received information about the research, agreed to respond to the questionnaire, and were guaranteed anonymity.

Findings

Personal adaptive strategies (intrapersonal and interpersonal) and organizational collaborative strategies (intrinsic and transformational management) emerged from this process. The intrapersonal strategies involved elements of rationality, flexibility, rebalancing practices, moral courage, and detachment. The interpersonal strategies addressed support networks, team involvement, and dialog. Organizational strategies dealt with actions which reorient ethical infrastructure, ethical education, and psychological protection, as well as fostering dialogical relationships, empowerment, and cooperation.

Conclusion

From the perspective of social historical construction, it is understood that developing personal and organizational strategies is essential to cultivating moral resilience.
Book review: Anis Ur Rahmaan. Evolution of  Town Planning in Pakistan: With a Specific Reference to Punjab Province
Authors: Adeel Muhammad , Mayo Shaker Mahmood
Published: May 2022

Anis Ur Rahmaan. Evolution of  Town Planning in Pakistan: With a Specific Reference to Punjab Province (Xlibris Corporation), 2017, 330 pp, US$23.99 (Paperback). ISBN-10: 1543449018, ISBN-13: 978-1543449013.