bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yahudi Âlimlerin Gözüyle Matbaanın İcadı ve Matbaada Basılan Metinlerin Hükmü
Authors: Meral Yasin
Published: August 2020

Matbaanın icadı, kitabın tarihinde çok önemli bir dönüm noktasıdır. Matbaa, başta Avrupa’daki Yahudiler olmak üzere Yahudi dünyasında da çok önemli değişimler yaratmıştır. Bu makalede matbaanın icadının Yahudi ilim adamları tarafından nasıl karşılandığı ele alınacaktır. Bu çerçevede, Yahudi dinî literatüründe matbaanın icadını Yahudilere nispet eden anlatımlar, Yahudilerin matbaaya atfettikleri önem ve kutsal metinlerin matbaa baskılarının ritüellerde kullanımına dair başlıklar irdelenecektir. Makalenin ana konusunu matbaada basılan dinî metinlerin Yahudi dinî hukukuna göre kaşer (caiz) olup olmadığı oluşturmaktadır. Bu tartışmaların incelenmesi sırasında matbaanın icat edildiği asır ve hemen sonraki asırlarda Yahudi âlimler tarafından konuyla ilgili verilen fetvalar araştırmamızın temel kaynaklarını oluşturmaktadır. Böylelikle okurlar, birinci elden kaynaklarla, o dönemdeki fetvaların içeriği ve Yahudiler arasındaki tartışmanın boyutlarını görmüş olacaktır.
Gebelerin Gebeliği İsteme Durumuna Göre Aleksitimik Özelliklerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: SÖNMEZ Tuğçe , EJDER APAY Serap , TEKGÜNDÜZ Sibel , ÇAPIK Cantürk
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu araştırma gebeliğini isteyen ve istemeyen gebelerin aleksitimi düzeylerini karşılaştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve ilişki arayıcı nitelikte olup Türkiye’nin doğusunda bir doğum hastanesinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmada örneklem seçimine gidilmeden araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü olan 446 (Gebelik isteyen:222, Gebelik istemeyen:224) gebe araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır.
Veriler Temmuz-Ağustos 2016 tarihleri arasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Toronto Aleksitimi Skalası (TAS-20) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler SPSS paket programında yüzdelik dağılımlar, ortalama, ki-kare ve bağımsız gruplarda t-testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya alınan gebelerin sosyo-demografik özelliklerinin benzer olduğu ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı bulunmuştur (p>0.05). Gebeliğini isteyen kadınların Toronto Aleksitimi Skala puan ortalaması 65.04±11.83, gebeliğini istemeyen kadınların ise 65.37±11.15 olarak bulunmuştur. Gebeliğini isteyen ve istemeyen kadınların Toronto Aleksitimi Skalası puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında; grupların puan ortala-maları arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Gruplar sosyo-demografik özellikler yönünden homojendir ve gebeliğini isteyen ve istemeyen kadınların aleksitimi düzeyleri arasında bir fark görülmemiştir.
The Bible and Akan Traditional Religious Values: A Search For Dialogue
Authors: Asamoah Emmanuel Foster
Published: August 2020

In their quest to bring Christianity to Africa in general, and Ghana in particular, the missionaries downplayed and discarded the African traditional religious values. This separated Ghanaians, including Akans from their traditional religious values for the biblical values of the Judeo-Christian scriptures; making them Christians who are cut off from their traditional religious values. After engaging in a dialogue with the biblical values and Akan traditional religious values on a common platform, it was identified that there are basic concepts of commonalities that exist between them, which include common belief in God, family systems, sacrifices, naming ceremonies, prayers, belief in ancestors, etc. and areas of differences which must be refined using the Bible which is seen as the hermeneutics of culture and tradition. This helps to curtail the hypocrisy of many Christians and churches who practise these traditional religious values and provide them with a searchlight to rediscover and modify the elements in their traditional and religious values. In addition, it helps to dispel illusion, remove suspicion and minimise conflict, and to enable the Akans, Ghanaians, or Africans while maintaining their traditional religious values adhere to the teachings of the Bible.
Axial Asymmetry Studies in Gaia Data Release 2 Yield the Pattern Speed of the Galactic Bar
Authors: Hinkel Austin , Gardner Susan , Yanny Brian
Published: August 2020

Our recent studies of axial-symmetry breaking in the nearby (d < 3 kpc) star counts are sensitive to the distortions of stellar orbits perpendicular and parallel to the orientation of the bar just within and beyond the outer Lindblad resonance (OLR) radius. Using the location of the sign flip in the left–right asymmetry in stars counts about the anticenter line to determine the OLR radius R
OLR, and treating the bar as if it were a weakly nonaxisymmetric effect, we use R
OLR and recent measurements of the Galactic rotation curve and the Sun–Galactic-center distance R
0 to determine the pattern speed Ωp of the Galactic bar, as well as the Galactic corotation radius R
CR. After removing the effect of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds from our asymmetry measurement, we find that R
OLR = (0.96 ± 0.03)R
0 = 7.85 ± 0.25 kpc, Ωp = 49.3 ± 2.2 km s−1 kpc−1, R
CR = (0.58 ± 0.04)R
0 = 4.76 ± 0.27 kpc, revealing, as we shall show, that the Milky Way’s bar is likely both weak and fast, though we also note possible evidence for non-steady-state effects in the bar region.
The Break-by-one Gamma Distribution: A Proper and Tractable Alternative to the Schechter Function for Modeling Cosmic Populations
Authors: Loredo Thomas J.
Published: August 2020

The break-by-one gamma distribution has a probability density function resembling the Schechter function, but with the small-argument behavior modified so it is normalizable in commonly arising cases where the Schechter function is not. Its connection to the gamma distribution makes it straightforward to sample from. These properties make it useful for cosmic demographics.
LANTERN: Learn analysis transform network for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Chen Yanxia , Xiao Taohui , Zhang Lei , Liu Xin , Zheng Hairong
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes to learn analysis transform network for dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (LANTERN). Integrating the strength of CS-MRI and deep learning, the proposed framework is highlighted in three components: (ⅰ) The spatial and temporal domains are sparsely constrained by adaptively trained convolutional filters; (ⅱ) We introduce an end-to-end framework to learn the parameters in LANTERN to solve the difficulty of parameter selection in traditional methods; (ⅲ) Compared to existing deep learning reconstruction methods, our experimental results show that our paper has encouraging capability in exploiting the spatial and temporal redundancy of dynamic MR images. We performed quantitative and qualitative analysis of cardiac reconstructions at different acceleration factors (\begin{document}$ 2 \times $\end{document}-\begin{document}$ 11 \times $\end{document}) with different undersampling patterns. In comparison with two state-of-the-art methods, experimental results show that our method achieved encouraging performances.
Subcoracoid tunnel block as an alternative infraclavicular brachial plexus approach -a case series-
Authors: Diwan Sandeep , Sethi Divya , Gaikwad Avinash , Sancheti Parag , Nair Abhijit
Published: August 2020

Background: Magnetic resonance neurography shows the brachial plexus cords in the subcoracoid tunnel beneath the pectoralis minor. With an ultrasound scan along the brachial line, the brachial plexus cords in the subcoracoid tunnel can be targeted using an in-plane needle approach. We describe this new approach to the infraclavicular block called the “subcoracoid tunnel block.”Case: Twenty patients were administered with the ultrasound-guided subcoracoid tunnel block for the below-elbow surgery. The contact of the needle tip with cords was visible in all 20 patients. With neurostimulation, the posterior cord was identified in 11 (55%) and medial cord in 9 (45%) patients on the first needle pass. The subcoracoid tunnel block was successful in 16 patients (80%). Conclusions: Our case series shows that the subcoracoid tunnel block is an excellent alternative technique for the infraclavicular block. Its advantages include better needle-cord visibility and easy identification of the brachial plexus cords.
The delivery of primary school physical education in South African public schools: The perceptions of educators
Authors: Roux Kobus C.J.
Published: August 2020

Background: Physical Education (PE) is a fundamental cornerstone for childhood development as it promotes lifelong participation in physical activities for holistic health. School educators play a key role in creating school environments that lead to developmentally appropriate and high-quality PE lessons.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine educators’ perceptions on the state and status of PE in selected public primary schools in all nine provinces of South Africa.Setting: Data were collected on the campus of the selected primary schools within 150 km of a university. In the absence of a university within the stated radius, an airport was used as an initiated point of departure.Methods: The mixed-methods approach (quantitative: questionnaires and qualitative: semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions) was used to collect data. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics in the form of percentages, and presented using graphs and tables. Qualitative data were analysed using themes.Results: The findings revealed that the educators from quintile 4 and 5 schools especially are of the opinion that challenges, such as a lack of resources, qualified PE specialist educators, and facilities and equipment negatively affected the delivery of PE at their schools.Conclusion: Participants perceived that there are varying contextual and socio-economic school settings affecting the delivery of PE in the Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS) curriculum. The researcher recommends that all learners have access to the adequate provision of PE programmes.
Reading Psalm 90 in the African (Yoruba) perspective
Authors: Adamo David T.
Published: August 2020

Psalm 90 stands at a critical juncture in the overall scheme of the Psalter. It is also the first Psalm of the small collection which constitutes Book IV of the Psalter. Psalm 90 can be regarded as one of the magisterial Psalms. Psalm 90 is unique in four ways: (1) Psalm 90 is the first Psalm of Book IV with new words after the unresolved ending of Book III; (2) it is the only Psalm with a superscription dedicated to Moses; (3) Psalm 90 is the most popular and attested text of the Bible according to archaeological facts; (4) the chapter is the theological heart of the Psalter with its emphasis on God’s time and his reign. Unfortunately, however, many scholars have not paid much attention to how these Psalms are used as amulets, talismans, and medicine as attested by archaeological documents uncovered. The purpose of this article is to examine Psalm 90 in the African (Yoruba) context which has been supported by archaeological documents of Psalm 90 uncovered. Psalm 90 has been considered as a Psalm of protection, healing and success.Intradisciplinary and interdisciplinary implications: ‘Reading Psalm 90 in the African context’ interprets Psalm 90 in the light of African culture. It deals with biblical studies, exegesis, African traditional religion, and African cultural practices using historical-critical and African biblical hermeneutical methodologies. The Euro-American way is challenged, and African biblical hermeneutics methodology presents a legitimate historical-critical methodology.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus and Limbal Ischemia in a Patient with History of Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Authors: Latifi Golshan , Asadi Khameneh Esmaeil
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To report a rare complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO).

Methods:

A 27-year-old man with a history of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) presented with pain and redness in his left eye along with vesicular eruptions on the same side of the forehead from 40 days earlier.

Results:

In this case report, we present a case of HZO with severe limbal ischemia in a patient with ocular GVHD. The patient was administered with intensive topical preservative-free lubrication, topical preservative-free antibiotics, topical autologous serum 20%, topical non-preservative steroid (methylprednisolone 1%), and oral valacyclovir 1 g twice daily. The patient underwent amniotic membrane patch surgery on bulbar conjunctiva and cornea, lateral tarsorrhaphy, and punctal occlusion for the left eye.

Conclusion:

In this report, severe and extensive limbal ischemia caused by herpes zoster virus in an immunocompromised patient is reported.
Development and Validation of the Persian Version of the Mnread Acuity Chart
Authors: Elham Roghiyeh , Jafarzadepur Ebrahim
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To develop the Persian version of MNREAD acuity charts and test their repeatability in a normal adult population.

Methods:

Two hundred sentences were constructed using the most frequent words of 8-year-olds schoolbooks. The number of characters and sentence length were adjusted based on the design principles of the Minnesota Low Vision Reading Test. Two Persian language teachers checked the sentences for syntax and meaning. The accepted sentences were read by 20 adults and then by 20 children. Using RADNER charts method, the sentences with inappropriate reading time and repeated errors were excluded. Thirty-eight sentences were approved to create charts. To check the charts' validity and repeatability, 20 adults read both charts and a paragraph of a daily newspaper. Reading acuity, critical print size, and maximum reading speed were calculated. The measured reading speeds were compared to the readers' reading speeds for a paragraph of a daily newspaper. Bland-Altman plots were used to evaluate the agreement between the two charts.

Results:

Thirty-eight selected sentences were used in the final printed charts. There were significant correlations between maximum reading speed for Charts 1 and 2 (r = 0.87, P <0.0001), Chart 1 and newspaper paragraph (r = 0.73, P = 0.001), and Chart 2 and newspaper paragraph (r = 0.83, P = 0.0001). Correlations were observed between reading acuities and critical print sizes of two charts (r = 0.72, P <0.002 and r = 0.77, P = 0.00). The 95% limits of agreement in reading acuity, critical print size, and reading speed between Charts 1 and 2 were ± 0.034 logMAR, ±0.11 logMAR, and ±8.00 words per minute, respectively.

Conclusion:

The designed Persian MNREAD charts are repeatable and could be used reliably to calculate near acuity, reading speed, and critical print size in Persian-speaking people.
Ophthalmic Manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman Disease in Five Patients
Authors: Masoomian Babak , Lally Sara E. , Shields Jerry A. , Shields Carol L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To report clinical features, pathology characteristics, and treatment outcomes of five patients with Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD).

Methods:

A retrospective case series of patients with RDD from the Ocular Oncology Service of Wills Eye Hospital between 1974 and 2018.

Results:

There were six eyes of five patients (3 males, 2 females) with ophthalmic manifestations of RDD. The mean age at the initial presentation was 33 years (median 35, range 10–52 years). Before referral, the tumor was initially suspected to be lymphoma (n = 3), idiopathic orbital inflammation (n = 2), or pterygium (n = 1). The disease was unilateral (n = 4) or bilateral (n = 1). The mean duration of symptoms was 9 months (median 8, range 5–24 months). The disease produced nodules in the conjunctiva (n = 4) or orbit (n = 2). Two patients with conjunctival involvement had corneal involvement. One patient with bilateral conjunctiva lesions demonstrated bilateral orbital involvement and bilateral anterior uveitis. The mean tumor basal dimension was 13 mm (median 9, range 6–27 mm) for conjunctiva lesions and 37 mm (median 37, range 34–40 mm) for orbital lesions. The main symptom (per patient) included proptosis (n = 2), palpable mass (n = 1), and foreign body sensation (n = 2). No patient experienced pain or tenderness. Palpable, nontender lymphadenopathy was detectable in two patients in the cervical and inguinal lymph nodes. Systemic involvement with paranasal sinusitis and mediastinal/pulmonary lymphadenopathy occurred in two patients, both with orbital involvement. Surgical resection was performed for all patients. At a mean follow-up of 31 months (median 12, range, 10–76 months) after the surgery, tumor control was achieved in all six eyes without local recurrence.

Conclusion:

In this series of six eyes with RDD, patients with orbital and/or intraocular disease were more likely to demonstrate lymphadenopathy and systemic involvement, while those with unilateral perilimbal conjunctival tumors remained localized.
A quadratic divisor problem and moments of the Riemann zeta-function
Authors: Bettin Sandro , Bui Hung M. , Li Xiannan , Radziwiłł Maksym
Published: August 2020

We estimate asymptotically the fourth moment of the Riemann zeta-function twisted by a Dirichlet polynomial of length

T^{\frac14 - \varepsilon}

. Our work relies crucially on Watt's theorem on averages of Kloosterman fractions. In the context of the twisted fourth moment, Watt's result is an optimal replacement for Selberg's eigenvalue conjecture.

Our work extends the previous result of Hughes and Young, where Dirichlet polynomials of length

T^{\frac{1}{11}-\varepsilon}

were considered. Our result has several applications, among others to the proportion of critical zeros of the Riemann zeta-function, zero spacing and lower bounds for moments.

Along the way we obtain an asymptotic formula for a quadratic divisor problem, where the condition

am_1m_2 - bn_1n_2 = h

is summed with smooth averaging on the variables

m_1, m_2, n_1, n_2, h

and arbitrary weights in the average on

a,b

. Using Watt's work allows us to exploit all averages simultaneously. It turns out that averaging over

m_1, m_2, n_1, n_2, h

right away in the quadratic divisor problem considerably simplifies the combinatorics of the main terms in the twisted fourth moment.
Beliefs on Refugees as a Terrorist Threat. The Social Determinants of Refugee-related Stereotypes
Authors: Walczak Bartłomiej , Lampas Nikolaos
Published: August 2020

This article performs a cross-national analysis of the causes of refugee-related threat perception. We examine the hypotheses that the number of terrorist attacks by Muslim extremists should negatively coincide with positive attitudes toward refugees in a country. Secondly, we assess the relationship between the number of suspects arrested in relation to Muslim terrorist attacks and prejudicial attitudes toward refugees in a host country. In order to answer these hypotheses, we adopted a quantitative approach. Using data from the Pew Research Center Survey of 2016 we analyze the relationship between the number of terrorist attacks and arrests of Muslim extremists and their impact on the perception of the population in ten European countries. The findings suggest that there is no correlation between the number of terrorist attacks, arrests of Muslim extremists and prejudicial attitudes toward refugees. Among countries which experienced most fundamentalist Muslims attacks, the portrait of people sharing the stereotype is more nuanced. Political convictions were found to be the strongest and most common significant predictor, while age, gender and religiosity were significant in some countries only.
Access to Health Care for English Division Students of the Medical University of Warsaw
Authors: Strzemieczna Maria , Pawlak Mikołaj , Imiela Jacek , Lorkowska Magdalena
Published: August 2020

Foreigners face certain barriers in accessing medical care, though international medical students are in many aspects privileged in this field. The aim of this study is to explore whether these students are facing problems in accessing healthcare. An original survey questionnaire was prepared and distributed online and on paper among students. In total 138 questionnaires were filled out. The results were analyzed using statistical methods. The main barriers faced by students are the lack of knowledge about the healthcare system and language problems. The study shows there is a need to start working on institutional solutions to provide information about access to healthcare and to overcome language barriers in healthcare institutions.

* The article is part of a research project financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. / Pracę wykonano w ramach Projektu Badawczego, finansowanego ze środków dotacji celowej MNiSzW.
Sprawy polskie w Kanadzie w czasie I wojny światoweJ
Authors: Reczyńska Anna
Published: August 2020

Polish Issues in Canada During World War I

The article presents the impact of World War I on Polish immigrants in Canada, the position of the Polish ethnic group in this country and the efforts of persons of Polish descent in regard to recruitment for the Polish Army in North America. Poles, who were subjects of Germany or the Austro-Hungarian Empire were treated as enemy aliens. Those people were forced to register and report to the police on a regular basis and some of them were interned in labour camps during the war. Some were released from the camps after an intervention of Polish organizations and priests. Soldiers of Polish descent, volunteers and recruits also fought in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Over 20,000 Polish volunteers from the US (including over 200 from Canada) enrolled in a training camp formed in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario on the border with the US. The problems with the organization and functioning of the camp, and opinions on Polish volunteers shaped the attitude of many Canadians towards the Polish diaspora and the newly established Polish state.

Keywords: World War I, Polish Diaspora in Canada, Niagara-on-the-Lake camp, Haller’s Army, Colonel Arthur D’Orr LePan

Streszczenie

Artykuł przedstawia kilka przykładów obrazujących oddziaływanie wydarzeń I wojny światowej na żyjących w Kanadzie polskich imigrantów, pozycję polskiej grupy etnicznej w tym kraju oraz na aktywność osób polskiego pochodzenia na rzecz rekrutacji do wojska polskiego w Ameryce Północnej. Polaków, którzy byli poddanymi Niemiec lub monarchii austro-wegierskiej traktowano jak przedstawicieli państw wrogich. Mieli obowiązek rejestracji i regularnego zgłaszania się na policję a niektórzy zostali internowani w stworzonych w czasie wojny obozach pracy. Część z nich była z tych obozów zwolniona po interwencji polskich organizacji i polskich duchownych. Żołnierze polskiego pochodzenia, zarówno ochotnicy jak i poborowi, znaleźli się także w oddziałach Kanadyjskich Sił Ekspedycyjnych walczących w Europie. Ponad 20 tys. polskich ochotników z USA (w tym ponad 200 z Kanady) zgłosiło się też do obozu szkoleniowego utworzonego w Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, przy granicy z USA. Problemy z organizacją i funkcjonowaniem tego obozu oraz opinie o polskich ochotnikach, kształtowały nastawienie wielu Kanadyjczyków do polskiej grupy etnicznej i nowotworzonego Państwa Polskiego.
Rzecz o działalności politycznej mniejszości polskiej na Ukrainie (1988–2018). Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Bonusiak Andrzej
Published: August 2020

Treatise on the Political Activity of the Polish Minority in Ukraine (1988–2018). Selected Aspects.

The article presents the political activity of Polish diaspora in independent Ukraine. It shows the forms of this activity and its results, referring to examples of selected representatives of the Polish minority. The text also highlights the attempt to create an independent political movement of Poles on the Dnieper, as well as the history of activities of the independent Polish political party on the Dnieper River.

The analysis of the situation taking place in the discussed range of 1988–2018 allows us to conclude that representatives of the Polish minority had the opportunity to conduct political activity in Ukraine, regardless of whether they had their own political party or not. It seems that in the specific geopolitical situation in this country the Polish diaspora can effectively operate only in close cooperation with the organizations of the national majority. This in turn allows us to state that the actions aimed at building their own political power were wrong.

Keywords: Polish minority, contemporary Ukraine, politics, activity

Streszczenie

Artykuł prezentuje działalność polityczną Polaków na terenie niepodległej Ukrainy. Pokazuje formy tej działalności i jej rezultaty, odwołując się do przykładów wybranych przedstawicieli mniejszości polskiej. W tekście pokazana jest również próba stworzenia samodzielnego ruchu politycznego Polaków nad Dnieprem, a także przybliżona została historia zabiegów o niezależne stronnictwo polityczne Polaków nad Dnieprem.

Analiza sytuacji mającej miejsce w omawianym zakresie w latach 1988–2018 pozwala stwierdzić, że przedstawiciele mniejszości polskiej mieli możliwość prowadzenia działalności politycznej na Ukrainie niezależnie od tego, czy posiadali własną partię polityczną. Wydaje się, że w specyficznej sytuacji geopolitycznej istniejącej w tym kraju diaspora polska może skutecznie działać jedynie w ścisłym związku z organizacjami większościowych grup ludności, co pozwala stwierdzić, iż działania mające na celu budowę własnej siły politycznej były błędne.
Polskie Chicago oczyma polonijnych historyków
Authors: Wojdon Joanna
Published: August 2020

Recenzja książek: Dominic Pacyga, American Warsaw: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Polish Chicago, Chicago: Uniersity of Chicago Press, 2019, ss. 321; John Radziłowski i Ann Hetzel Gunkel, Poles in Illinois, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2020, ss. 244.
Między Monachium a Londynem. Recenzja korespondencji Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego z Adamem Ciołkoszem i Aleksandrem Bregmanem
Authors: Stępka Stanisław
Published: August 2020

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański, Adam Ciołkosz, Aleksander Bregman, Korespondencja z lat 1952–1975, Wstęp Rafał Habielski, opracowanie Kamila Kamińska-Chełminiak, Piotr Swacha, t. II, Wydawnictwo Ossolineum, Wrocław 2018, ss. 659.
IMPLICACIONES ECOLÓGICAS DE LA EVASIÓN COMO RESPUESTA A LA CONTAMINACIÓN: UN ANÁLISIS CRÍTICO CON EL COBRE
Authors: Alcívar-Catagua María Antonella
Published: August 2020

Los estudios de evasión espacial en sistemas multicompartimentado han demostrado la habilidad de algunos organismos para detectar la contaminación y huir hacia zonas menos contaminadas. Esta respuesta previene efectos adversos a nivel individual, aunque lleva a una pérdida local de especies, lo que podría provocar problemas a nivel ecosistémico. La evasión es estudiada mediante sistemas de ensayos con una exposición que simula un gradiente de contaminación y permite que los organismos elijan las zonas más favorables. Debido a que hay pocos estudios en comparación con las respuestas ecotoxicológicas tradicionales, es crucial saber cuán sensible es la respuesta de evasión frente a las demás respuestas ampliamente usadas. El presente trabajo se centró en comparar la sensibilidad de la evasión espacial con las respuestas ecotoxicológicas tradicionales mediante tres herramientas: representación del perfil de sensibilidad por grupos biológicos, creación de la distribución de las especies en función de la sensibilidad y finalmente calculándose la concentración de riesgo a 5% de las especies. El estudio ofrece una visión de la sensibilidad de la respuesta de evasión para especies de agua dulce y marinas como una señal del potencial riesgo asociado a la contaminación y discute la relevancia ecológica de dicha respuesta. Se ha observado que la evasión es una respuesta muy sensible al ser comparada con otras respuestas ecotoxicológicas y se constata la importancia de incluir dicha respuesta para evaluar los riesgos ecológicos de los contaminantes sobre la dispersión de los organismos.

Palabras clave: evasión espacial; sistema multicompartimentado; exposición no forzada; cobre; HC5, SSD.
Joint synthesis “Electricity storage via adiabatic air compression” of the NRP “Energy”
Authors: Haselbacher Andreas , Arnal Michel , Barbato Maurizio , Fuchs Alexander , Garrison Jared , Demiray Turhan , Jenny Philipp , Scholtysik Martin , Jacquemoud Emmanuel , Haussener Sophia , Mutel Christopher , Bauer Christian , Burgherr Peter , Schenler Warren , Pacher Franz , Amberg Felix , Zanganeh Giw
Published: August 2020

La fermeture des centrales nucléaires et le développement de l’énergie solaire et éolienne rendent la production d’électricité plus volatile. De nouveaux systèmes de stockage sont nécessaires pour s’assurer que l’électricité est disponible au moment où elle est nécessaire.

Le stockage adiabatique d’air comprimé représente une technologie prometteuse. Il utilise l’excédent de production des installations solaires et éoliennes pour comprimer l’air ambiant et le stocker dans une cavité souterraine. Au besoin, l’air comprimé est à nouveau détendu et entraîne alors une turbine qui produit de l’électricité. En tirant profit de la chaleur générée lors de la compression, cette technologie atteint un rendement de 65 à 75 %, ce qui est semblable à celui obtenu avec l’accumulation par pompage. En termes de potentiel d’émission de gaz à effet de serre et de dommages aux écosystèmes, la compatibilité environnementale des réservoirs d’air comprimé est également comparable à celle des systèmes à accumulation par pompage.

Les réservoirs d’air comprimé sont techniquement réalisables. Les composants importants, comme les turbomachines et les accumulateurs thermiques, sont déjà disponibles sur le marché ou ont été testés dans une installation pilote. La construction de cavités bénéficie de l’expérience acquise lors de la réalisation de tunnels et de cavernes.

Les réservoirs adiabatiques d’air comprimé constituent par conséquent une solution de stockage efficace, écologique et techniquement réalisable. En raison de leurs coûts d’investissement élevés et du manque de clarté qui entoure leur cadre économique et juridique, leur rentabilité demeure toutefois incertaine. Cela complique également le financement d’une installation de démonstration.
Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”
Authors: Guidati Gianfranco , Giardini Domenico
Published: August 2020

Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases.

Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape.

The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources.

In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
Recherche pour l’avenir énergétique de la Suisse.
Authors: Andreas Balthasar , Hans-Rudolf Schalcher
Published: August 2020

Le résumé constitue une contribution scientifique à la formation de l’opinion, au débat politique et technique, ainsi qu’à la planification des mesures et stratégies de transformation du système énergétique dans le contexte de la Stratégie énergétique 2050 de la Suisse. Les propositions de solutions et les recommandations du résumé s’adressent tout particulièrement aux acteurs clés qui ont une influence notable sur le système énergétique et peuvent donc contribuer à le façonner.
Synthèse du projet conjoint du PNR 70 «Gestion des déchets pour soutenir la transition énergétique (wastEturn)»
Authors: Melanie Haupt , Stefanie Hellweg
Published: August 2020

Les déchets renferment de grandes quantités d’énergie aussi bien directe qu’indirecte. Les déchets ménagers incinérés chaque année en Suisse représentent une valeur énergétique de quelque 60 pétajoules. L’énergie qui en est directement tirée couvre environ 4 % des besoins en énergie finale. Le plus gros potentiel en matière de gestion des déchets réside cependant dans le recyclage des matériaux, afin de leur donner une seconde vie et d’éviter ainsi indirectement la production énergivore de matières premières

Pour optimiser la contribution de la gestion des déchets à la transition énergétique, il s’agit dans un premier temps d’améliorer la transparence et la documentation des flux de matières et d’argent et, sur cette base, de hiérarchiser l’impact énergétique des diverses solutions de valorisation et d’élimination. Les catégories de déchets identifiées comme ayant le plus grand potentiel d’amélioration sont le papier, le carton ainsi que le plastique. En ce qui concerne le papier et le carton, les énormes quantités traitées promettent des résultats significatifs. À l’exception des bouteilles en PET, le tri sélectif des plastiques usagés demeure encore peu développé. Un potentiel d’optimisation notable a également été identifié au niveau de l’efficacité énergétique des usines d’incinération. Pour permettre une utilisation plus efficace de la chaleur générée par les usines d’incinération d’ordures ménagère (UIOM), les consommateurs de vapeur et d’énergie thermique doivent toutefois être implantés à proximité. Un facteur décisif pour progresser vers une gestion des déchets plus efficace sur le plan énergétique est la collaboration entre les nombreux acteurs du secteur à l’échelle fédérale. Ceux-ci doivent d’une part mieux s’organiser tout au long de la chaîne de création de valeur et d’autre part tirer profit de la marge de manœuvre que procure la souplesse du fédéralisme pour tester différentes approches.
Thematische Synthese «Akzeptanz» des NFP «Energie»
Authors: Balthasar Andreas , Varone Frédéric , Meierhans Daniel
Published: August 2020

Was braucht es, damit die Schweizerinnen und Schweizer ihr Verbrauchsverhalten ändern? Was ist entscheidend für die Unterstützung von Technologien und von Infrastrukturprojekten? Das NFP Energie hat zahlreiche Akzeptanzfaktoren identifiziert. Die Synthese verdichtet diese bis auf die Stufe von konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen.
Forschung für die Schweizer Energiezukunft
Authors: Andreas Balthasar , Hans-Rudolf Schalcher
Published: August 2020

Das Resümee des NFP «Energie» ist ein Beitrag der Wissenschaft zur Meinungsbildung, zur politischen und fachlichen Debatte sowie zur Strategie- und Massnahmenplanung für die Transformation des Energiesystems vor dem Hintergrund der Energiestrategie 2050 der Schweiz. Mit den Lösungsansätzen und Empfehlungen spricht das Resümee insbesondere jene Schlüsselakteure an, die das Energiesystem in wesentlichem Masse prägen und entsprechend auch gestalten können.
Verbundsynthese «Stromspeicherung über adiabatische Druckluftspeicherung» des NFP «Energie»
Authors: Haselbacher Andreas , Arnal Michel , Barbato Maurizio , Fuchs Alexander , Garrison Jared , Demiray Turhan , Jenny Philipp , Scholtysik Martin , Jacquemoud Emmanuel , Haussener Sophia , Mutel Christopher , Bauer Christian , Burgherr Peter , Schenler Warren , Pacher Franz , Amberg Felix , Zanganeh Giw
Published: August 2020

Der Verzicht auf Kernkraftwerke und der Ausbau von Solar- und Windenergie führen dazu, dass die Stromproduktion volatiler wird. Damit Strom dann zur Verfügung steht, wenn er gebraucht wird, braucht es neue Speichersysteme.

Eine vielversprechende Technologie ist die adiabatische Druckluftspeicherung. Sie nutzt überschüssigen Strom aus Solar- und Windanlagen, um Umgebungsluft zu komprimieren und diese in einem unterirdischen Hohlraum zu speichern. Bei Bedarf wird die komprimierte Luft wieder expandiert; sie treibt dabei eine Turbine an und erzeugt wieder Strom. Da die bei der Komprimierung entstandene Wärme genutzt wird, beträgt die Effizienz 65 bis 75 Prozent; das ist ein ähnlicher Wert wie jener, den Pumpspeicher erreichen. Auch die Umweltverträglichkeit von Druckluftspeichern ist, gemessen am Treibhausgaspotenzial und an Schäden an Ökosystemen, vergleichbar mit jener von Pumpspeichern.

Druckluftspeicher sind technisch machbar. Wichtige Komponenten wie Turbomaschinen und Wärmespeicher sind entweder bereits auf dem Markt erhältlich oder wurden in einer Pilotanlage erprobt. Der Bau von Hohlräumen ist zudem durch die Erfahrungen im Tunnel- und Kavernenbau ausgereift.

Adiabatische Druckluftspeicher sind also eine effiziente, umweltverträgliche und technisch machbare Speicherlösung. Wegen der hohen Kapitalkosten sowie der unklaren wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen ist allerdings ungewiss, ob sie wirtschaftlich sein können. Dies erschwert auch die Finanzierung einer Demonstrationsanlage.
Ecogenetic plasticity and genetic variation in Populus hybrids under the impact of simulated climate change related stressors
Authors: Gudynaitė-Franckevičienė Valda , Pliūra Alfas , Suchockas Vytautas
Published: August 2020

To meet the needs of carbon sequestration and production of raw materials from renewable natural resources for the timber market of the European Union, it is necessary to expand forest plantation areas. The efficiency of short rotation forestry depends primarily on the selection of hybrids and clones, suitable for the local environmental conditions. We postulate that ecogenetic response, ecogenetic plasticity and genotypic variation of different hybrids of poplars (Populus L.) depend both on the type of stressors (spring frosts, summer drought, increased UV-B radiation, warm winters) and peculiarities of the cross-bred species as well as on their genetic preadaptations to native environmental conditions of their origin. The aim of the study was to estimate the ecogenetic plasticity, genotypic variation of adaptive traits and adaptability of Populus hybrids under simulated conditions of the expected climate change.

The research was performed with the cultivars and experimental clones of three different intraspecific hybrids of poplars (P. nigra L., P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh, and P. trichocarpa Torr. & Gray.) and four interspecific hybrids of poplars (P. deltoides L. × P. nigra, P. deltoides × P. trichocarpa, P. maximowiczii A. Henry × P. trichocarpa, and P. balsamifera L. × P. trichocarpa).

Simulated spring frosts and summer drought treatments had a substantial impact on growth of trees, but the hybrid and clone effects were also significant and showed that many hybrids and clones in general retain their features/differences under stressful environmental conditions. A strongly expressed hybrid and clone interactions with simulated frost and drought effects (genotype-environment interaction, G × E) showed different ecogenetic response, plasticity and specific ecological preferences of the clones and hybrids. The sensitivity of hybrids to UV-B radiation varied and depended on the origin of their parental trees and this sensitivity partially reflected their susceptibility also to other stressors. Warm winters adversely effected the growth of some hybrids while others - P. nigra × P. nigra and P. trichocarpa × P. trichocarpa, which parents originated from the southern part of their natural distribution range have increased their growth. This treatment also resulted in reduction of the heritability and genotypic variation of growth traits.

 

Keywords: poplars, clones, genotype-environment interaction, genetic variation, heritability
IMPLEMENTASI AUGMENTED REALITY PADA MEDIA PROMOSI PENJUALAN RUMAH
Authors: Putra Putu Bagus Adidyana Anugrah
Published: August 2020

The development of the industry in Indonesia has been very broad until now, it can be seen from the varied types of products produced by the company. The level of competition in product sales at companies is increasing. Increased competition in product sales can be seen from the number of exhibition events that aim to increase product sales of each company. However, the sales technique is still classified as traditional and has shortcomings in marketing, especially for marketing housing promotions that exist today. Therefore, with the rapid development of technology at this time, the real form of the house promoted by the company can be helped by using Augmented Reality technology, which will help the buyer to get a clear and clear picture of the shape and condition of the house in 3D. The development of this application uses the waterfall method with stages, (1) Requirement Analysis, (2) System Design, (3) Implementation, (4) Integration and testing and (5) Operation & Maintenance. This research resulted in an application that uses Augmented Reality technology aimed at companies in order to facilitate housing marketing where buyers can clearly see the original picture of the house being promoted in 3D
A Need to Activate Lasting Engagement
Authors: Brick Rachelle , Lyons Kathleen Doyle , Rodakowski Juleen , Skidmore Elizabeth
Published: August 2020

Occupational therapy practitioners provide interventions to promote activity engagement to multiple clinical populations. They help clients develop restorative, adaptive, and compensatory skills to improve their performance in daily activities. The issue addressed in this article is that current clinical frameworks lack translation of learned skills to consistent everyday performance. There is a gap between what clients can do and what clients actually do in everyday life. Behavioral activation provides an explicit, structured, and practical approach that can translate capacity into long-term engagement. This article presents behavioral activation as a transdiagnostic approach that targets populations experiencing chronic illness to bridge the gap between what the client can do in therapy and what the client could do in everyday life.

What This Article Adds: People with chronic illness have difficulty translating the skills learned in traditional practice settings to everyday life. Behavioral activation offers occupational therapy practitioners a practical structure to promote the translation of learned skills.
Key ingredients for a collaborative urban regeneration strategy in the Global South
Authors: Boyle Luke , Michell Kathy
Published: August 2020

The paper documents the development of a collaborative regeneration strategy for a marginalised community in Cape Town that was led by a Non-Profit Company (NPC). NPC’s vision for the strategy was to incorporate key inputs from the community to unlock the economic potential of the area and promote upliftment. A case study methodology was adopted which included a series of interviews and community engagement workshops. The research aimed to identify the key ingredients required to drive collaborative urban regeneration in marginalised communities in the global south. The study established that in the absence of effective leadership and service delivery from local authorities the community feel disenfranchised as their community is not seen as an immediate priority. There was a deep-rooted mistrust in the process being driven by the NPC and the visioning process was met with resistance and suspicion. The engagement process lacked depth/scope and reflected a top-down approach. It is concluded that fundamental ingredients for effective collaborative urban regeneration is trust between the key stakeholders, a diverse assortment of expertise and skills, and an in-depth engagement process. Without these factors urban regeneration is likely to only entrench the complex urban issues it seeks to reconcile.
Sustainable community services for older people
Authors: Chris Taylor  , Jed Donoghue
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the sustainability of non-government organisations (NGOs) providing services to older people in the local government authority area of North Sydney. It identifies several key issues that can be used to assess the level of programme sustainability in the community sector. We suggest that government support is essential for the ongoing financial sustainability of community aged care services and that community-based organisations need to address a number of issues that will impact on their long-term sustainability. A good working relationship with local and state government is crucial for organisations to access community grants, donations and subsidised premises. The recruitment, training and retention of volunteers were some of the most important issues identified. Further, these NGOs will need to develop strategic plans that factor in sustainability indicators to address rental, recycling, transport, renewable energy and water costs to ensure that they have the capacity to pay for these utilities in the future.