bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Suicide Attempts of Individuals with Autism and Their Siblings
Authors: Shtayermman Oren , Fletcher Jason
Published: September 2022

The occurrence of mood- and anxiety-related conditions among family members of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) increases the risk of suicide attempts and has also created assessment and treatment issues for clinicians and parents. Recorded rates of mental health disorders comorbid with suicide attempts among individuals on the spectrum range from 29% to 52%. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of predictors of suicide attempts among sibling dyads (pairs of siblings in which one sibling is on the autism spectrum). Growing evidence in the literature indicates a link between a diagnosis of autism and mental health. A web-based survey was used to collect data from individuals on the spectrum and their siblings. A sample of 144 individuals was finalized for the analyses. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the predictors of suicide attempts in the sample. Depression, anxiety, sexual orientation, and marital status were all used as predictors in the logistic regression analyses. Both levels of anxiety and sexual orientation were found to be significant predictors for suicide attempts. Recommendations for future research, assessment, and treatment are presented.
FOXR2 Is an Epigenetically Regulated Pan-Cancer Oncogene That Activates ETS Transcriptional Circuits
Authors: Tsai Jessica W. , Cejas Paloma , Wang Dayle K. , Patel Smruti , Wu David W. , Arounleut Phonepasong , Wei Xin , Zhou Ningxuan , Syamala Sudeepa , Dubois Frank P.B. , Crane Alexander , Pelton Kristine , Vogelzang Jayne , Sousa Cecilia , Baguette Audrey , Chen Xiaolong , Condurat Alexandra L. , Dixon-Clarke Sarah E. , Zhou Kevin N. , Lu Sophie D. , Gonzalez Elizabeth M. , Chacon Madison S. , Digiacomo Jeromy J. , Kumbhani Rushil , Novikov Dana , Hunter J'Ya , Tsoli Maria , Ziegler David S. , Dirksen Uta , Jager Natalie , Balasubramanian Gnana Prakash , Kramm Christof M. , Nathrath Michaela , Bielack Stefan , Baker Suzanne J. , Zhang Jinghui , McFarland James M. , Getz Gad , Aguet François , Jabado Nada , Witt Olaf , Pfister Stefan M. , Ligon Keith L. , Hovestadt Volker , Kleinman Claudia L. , Long Henry , Jones David T.W. , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Phoenix Timothy N.
Published: September 2022

Forkhead box R2 (FOXR2) is a forkhead transcription factor located on the X chromosome whose expression is normally restricted to the testis. In this study, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of FOXR2 activation across more than 10,000 adult and pediatric cancer samples and found FOXR2 to be aberrantly upregulated in 70% of all cancer types and 8% of all individual tumors. The majority of tumors (78%) aberrantly expressed FOXR2 through a previously undescribed epigenetic mechanism that involves hypomethylation of a novel promoter, which was functionally validated as necessary for FOXR2 expression and proliferation in FOXR2-expressing cancer cells. FOXR2 promoted tumor growth across multiple cancer lineages and co-opted ETS family transcription circuits across cancers. Taken together, this study identifies FOXR2 as a potent and ubiquitous oncogene that is epigenetically activated across the majority of human cancers. The identification of hijacking of ETS transcription circuits by FOXR2 extends the mechanisms known to active ETS transcription factors and highlights how transcription factor families cooperate to enhance tumorigenesis.

Significance:

This work identifies a novel promoter that drives aberrant FOXR2 expression and delineates FOXR2 as a pan-cancer oncogene that specifically activates ETS transcriptional circuits across human cancers.

See related commentary by Liu and Northcott, p. 2977
Walk More, Eat Less, Don't Stress
Authors: Kucuk Omer
Published: September 2022

Unhealthy diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, and psychologic stress are associated with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and DNA methylation, which are the main mechanisms of chronic diseases such as cancer, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and Alzheimer's disease. It has recently been found that healthy diet and physical activity can reduce inflammatory markers and improve insulin sensitivity resulting in better survivorship outcomes in patients with prostate cancer. An “anti-inflammatory” lifestyle, including physical activity, healthy body weight, healthy diet, and stress reduction, has been associated with decreased cancer risk and progression. Epigenetic changes due to DNA methylation and altered gene expression associated with unhealthy lifestyle can be modulated by healthy behaviors. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) focuses on healthy lifestyle, and it supports research on psychologic and physical approaches including dietary supplements and plant-based products, as well as mind and body approaches, such as yoga, massage, meditation, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and acupuncture.

See related article by Langlais et al., p. 1760
On the Potential for Optimizing Colorectal Screening Outcomes
Authors: Brawley Otis W.
Published: September 2022

The development of colorectal cancer screening is a cancer control success. It is preventing thousands of deaths, but it has the potential of preventing thousands more. This can be achieved through offering all eligible patients high quality screening, diagnostics, and treatment. Let us educate and encourage colorectal screening among all average risk Americans beginning at 45. Let us not allow a recommendation to start at 45 to deemphasize screening those older persons who are most likely to benefit from colorectal cancer screening.

See related article by Liu et al., p. 1701
PRC2 Loss and DNMT Inhibition Boost Viral Mimicry in Cancer
Authors: Guil Sonia , Esteller Manel
Published: September 2022

In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Patel and colleagues explore the synergistic lethality of PRC2 inactivation and DNMT inhibition in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells. Reactivation of retrotransposons under this dual control suggests that the viral mimicry response contributes to enhanced cytotoxicity with potential clinical implications.

See related article by Patel et al., p. 2120 (5).
Juvenicídio y sus rostros
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brasil, Pires Rocha Andréa , Ferrugem Daniela ,   Pontifica Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Published: September 2022

El capitalismo produce relaciones sociales engendradas por el racismo, el sexismo y el clasismo, que lo estructuran y retroalimentan. En Brasil, desde el proceso de transición de la esclavitud al trabajo libre, la población negra ha enfrentado innumerables formas de violencia perpetradas por el racismo, marcado por el sistema colonial y que toma nuevas configuraciones en el capitalismo y su estado neoliberal con carácter penal, impidiendo el acceso a políticas sociales y al trabajo. Esta lógica tiene en la política de drogas basada en la retórica de la guerra el principal mecanismo de aplicabilidad del juvenicídio. Es a partir de esta lectura que tejemos reflexiones sobre la realidad de los jóvenes negros, pobres y periféricos, considerándolos como un segmento social sobre el que recae una enorme carga de mecanismos opresores.
«La reciudadanización de las juventudes latinomericanas: un buen reto para los juvenólogos». Una conversación con Maritza Urteaga
Authors:   Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Feixa Carles
Published: September 2022

Maritza Urteaga Castro-Pozo (Lima, 1954) es profesora de antropología en la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia (México) y uno de los referentes latinoamericanos en la investigación sobre música rock, juventudes indígenas y creación cultural. El artículo se basa en dos largas conversaciones con Carles Feixa realizadas por medios digitales en enero de 2021. Empieza con los recuerdos de infancia y adolescencia en el Perú de los años sesenta, sigue con su formación académica y militancia política en los años setenta (en Perú, pero también en Rusia) y su traslado a México en 1986. La parte central describe minuciosamente su trayectoria como juvenóloga, desde su tesis de maestría sobre el rock y el punk hasta sus últimos estudios sobre los menores en el narcotráfico, pasado por sus investigaciones sobre los centros comerciales, las juventudes indígenas, los trendsetters, los creadores musicales independientes y el juvenicidio (que prefiere denominar desciudadanización). La conversación concluye con una evocación del encuentro que tuvo lugar en Ixtapan de la Sal en 1998, organizado por el Instituto Mexicano de la Juventud, en el que participaron algunos de los referentes en la investigación iberoamericana sobre juventud, que denominamos Generación del 98.
Neorrepublicanismo e feminismo: os limites da liberdade como ausência de dominação
Authors: Barros Alberto Ribeiro Gonçalves de
Published: September 2022

Philip Pettit sustenta que o neorrepublicanismo pode contribuir para o movimento feminista, visto que o seu princípio normativo central, o ideal de liberdade como ausência de dominação, pode ser amplamente utilizado na luta pela igualdade política, jurídica, social e cultural entre homens e mulheres. Com base em escritos de algumas autoras feministas, o artigo pretende discutir os limites da concepção neorrepublicana de liberdade, ao não considerar a dimensão social, cultural e estrutural da dominação masculina, para a causa feminista.
A convergência das concepções políticas de liberdade e democracia para John Rawls e Philip Pettit
Authors: Tranjan Alexandre de Lima Castro
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo visa discutir a proximidade entre as concepções políticas de liberdade de John Rawls e Philip Pettit, e o arranjo político democrático que delas deriva. A primeira delas, de matriz teórica liberal, entende a liberdade como o primeiro dos princípios a ser realizado, anterior aos demais numa ordem lexical. Ela significa uma proteção, viabilizada pelo Estado, contra interferências alheias à vontade do agente em sua conduta. Já a última, de cunho republicano, consiste num status social de não dominação, isto é, um estado perene de segurança contra intervenção arbitrária no agir do sujeito. Percebe-se, de antemão, a significativa similaridade entre os dois conceitos apresentados. Para além da semelhança óbvia, pretendemos construir uma sistemática de paralelismos e conexões que permita a compreensão de uma semiequivalência entre as teses dos dois autores, com algumas dessemelhanças a serem notadas, mas cujos projetos são mutuamente compatíveis.
Uma defesa do princípio da maioria no contexto dos debates sobre a legitimidade democrática do controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade das leis
Authors: Lima Martônio Mont'Alverne Barreto , Souza Paulo de Tarso Fernandes
Published: September 2022

O principal objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma crítica ao argumento segundo o qual o princípio majoritário apresenta riscos à democracia, usualmente empregado pelos defensores da legitimidade democrática do controle jurisdicional de constitucionalidade das leis. Em uma sociedade democrática, onde os princípios da liberdade e da igualdade são adotados, o princípio majoritário fornece um critério justo para identificar os pontos de vista que devem prevalecer ao final de processos coletivos de tomada de decisão. As regras da unanimidade e da maioria qualificada são insuficientes para corrigir as alegadas injustiças produzidas pelo princípio da maioria, em virtude das dificuldades de efetivação que possuem, da ausência de real proteção às minorias e das contradições internas que apresentam. Embora seja possível imaginar um sistema jurídico no qual o princípio majoritário viabilize a existência de uma tirania ou ditadura da maioria, presumir que, nesse contexto, os juízes necessariamente formarão o grupo de defensores dos direitos das minorias é realizar uma aplicação seletiva do princípio da igualdade.
Maquiavel leitor de Políbio: os povos
Authors: Salgueiro Fernanda Elias Zaccarelli
Published: September 2022

A primeira parte do artigo trata das discussões sobre a possibilidade de leitura de Políbio por parte de Maquiavel. Na segunda, aponta-se o limite epistemológico exposto pela teoria política do historiador grego, que coloca as causas externas de corrupção da cidade no lugar de ininteligível. Assinala-se, ainda, a centralidade da ideia de equilíbrio e concórdia entre as partes da cidade. Na última seção, indica-se como Maquiavel insere as relações internacionais na equação política da cidade, ponto em que entra em discussão a dinâmica do povo.
Liberdade como não-governo em Maquiavel: notas sobre a interpretação de Miguel Vatter
Authors: Mendes Ricardo Polidoro
Published: September 2022

Interpretações recentes da obra de Maquiavel têm inscrito o pensamento do autor florentino em uma tradição política republicana. Entretanto, essa convergência de leituras não é ponto pacífico que encerra a discussão, haja vista que diversos comentadores debatem em que medida Maquiavel se insere nessa tradição. Este é o caso de Miguel Vatter, o qual retoma a obra do florentino em chave crítica para questionar alguns dos fundamentos de certa tradição republicana, como o vínculo entre liberdade e lei. Com efeito, para o comentador, o autor florentino abre uma nova perspectiva de republicanismo ao desfazer esse vínculo e associar a liberdade ao desejo do povo como não-governo. Assim, pretendemos retomar a interpretação de Miguel Vatter acerca da liberdade como não-governo em Maquiavel e fazer algumas considerações a respeito de seu comentário, sobretudo no que toca ao estatuo da lei e do povo no discurso maquiaveliano.
Hobbes e a democracia moderna: regra da maioria e representação política
Authors: Djikoldigam Mbaidiguim
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo pretende discutir a democracia moderna e o pensamento político do filósofo inglês Thomas Hobbes a partir de dois elementos comuns a ambos: a regra da maioria e a noção de representação política. Para tanto, o artigo analisa a importância destas duas noções tanto para a doutrina política hobbesiana como para a concepção moderna da democracia.
Patrícia Monte-Mór no RCB
Authors: Monte-Mór Patrícia
Published: September 2022

Patrícia Monte-Mór produziu inúmeras mostras de cinema, debates fílmicos e concedeu outras tantas entrevistas ao longo de sua trajetória como antropóloga visual e produtora cultural. Com sua partida, neste início de 2022, não poderíamos deixar de homenageá-la na seção Achados na Rede. Trata-se aqui de uma entrevista concedida há onze anos ao programa televisivo Revista do Cinema Brasileiro, por ocasião de uma das edições da Mostra Internacional do Filme Etnográfico, uma de suas muitas iniciativas que marcaram o campo da Antropologia Visual no Brasil e gerações de pesquisadores e realizadores que tem na conjunção entre antropologia e imagem seu grande interesse. As imagens desta entrevista permanecem atemporais nos lembrando de algo que ela sempre fez: difundir e pensar o cinema e a antropologia, nas suas múltiplas facetas. Um salve à Patrícia!
Religiões, suas imagens, performances e rituais
Authors: Barbosa Francirosy Campos , Silva Rubens Alves da , Simonard Pedro
Published: September 2022

Instigados pelos saberes religiosos inteligíveis e sensíveis das religiões tradicionais e das diversas formas de pertencimento espiritual que escapam à estrutura formal religiosa, mas conectam o ser humano com aquilo que ele chama de sagrado, buscamos neste dossiê construir um mapa das representações que perpassam suas imagens, suas performances que evidenciam rituais e pertencimentos sagrados. As formas expressivas ganham nuances diferenciadas em espaços religiosos, tendo em vista determinadas restrições, o que faz com que o pesquisador tenha que lançar mão de estratégias estéticas e de pesquisa diferenciadas para compor seu universo imagético e performático.  Este dossiê permeia o universo simbólico dos rituais religiosos, as digressões entre religião e política, as expressões de decolonialidade, o corpo entregue à devoção e outras análises que envolvam discussões sobre expressões sensíveis por meio de imagens, performances.
British “Black” Productions
Authors: Cormac Rory
Published: September 2022

Recently declassified archival materials reveal that the United Kingdom conducted a sustained program of so-called black propaganda at the height of the Cold War. This article examines roughly 350 operations in which the British government spread propaganda through forgeries and front groups. Placing the campaign in its broader global history, the article demonstrates that British black propaganda mainly targeted Soviet activity in Africa and Asia as part of the postcolonial battle for influence. The British government engaged in black propaganda far more often than has previously been kown, including aggressive operations seeking to disrupt, attack, and sow chaos as much as simply to expose lies. Although much of the content was broadly accurate, the fake sources deliberately deceived audiences in order to encourage a reaction, incite violence, or foment racial tensions.
Spain and the Early Cold War
Authors: Young Glennys J.
Published: September 2022

This article challenges long-standing assumptions about Spain’s status in the international system during the first several years of the Cold War, from 1945 to 1950. These assumptions constitute the “isolation paradigm,” which emphasizes Spain’s exclusion from the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the various Councils of Foreign Ministers, and other major international institutions, supposedly keeping the country internationally isolated and unable to pursue its interests during the early Cold War. The article debunks the “isolation paradigm” and supplants it with “informal integration.” The United States, the Soviet Union, and Great Britain embarked on numerous initiatives with Spain despite isolationist rhetoric and policy, and the Spanish authorities sought to counter formal exclusion from international institutions and to engage in other types of diplomatic, economic, and cultural interaction. From this perspective, it becomes clear that 1946—not 1947 or 1950, as other scholars have argued—marked a decisive year for Spain’s efforts in these areas.
Tēvāram: Worshipping Gods on Stage
Authors: Mucciarelli Elena
Published: September 2022

Building on the idea of “ritual quotation,” this article offers a new perspective on rituals enacted within contemporary theatrical performances in South India. Drawing from an existing corpus and reproduced in a different framework, the ritual tēvāram is embedded in a broad web of intertextual relationships comprised not only of items of repertoire and prescriptive manuals, but also of elements of ritual practices, shared beliefs, claims of social status, and ongoing negotiations between individual imagination and collective expectations.

Usually a Nampūtiri domestic ritual, tēvāram is also carried out within Kūṭiyāṭṭam performances. Through a detailed analysis, I argue that the enactment of tēvāram on stage is not merely the stylized reproduction of a religious service, but it is rather an integral part of the narrative and aesthetic body of the theater practice. The performative and textual milieu of tēvāram creates scope for variations that modify both the plot and the tēvāram ritual itself. Kūṭiyāṭṭam-tēvāram thus becomes a transformative action and a tool of negotiation in the positioning of individuals within the social matrix.
Moving Beyond Religious Clichés: A Review
Authors: Hubina Milos
Published: September 2022

The article reviews the most recent systematic effort to correct some of the widespread misconceptions about religion: Brad Stoddard and Craig Martin’s edited volume Stereotyping Religion: Critiquing Clichés (2017) and Tenzan Eaghll’s article “Religious Clichés” (2015). It argues that the joint goal becomes problematic due to some empirical and logical distortions, which mainly result from the emphasis on the relativist message offsetting the impartial assessment of facts and their implications. It argues for integrating the biological and cultural explanations of religion and offers some proposals toward identifying the contemporary clichés that impede progress in our understanding of the phenomenon.
Josephus’s Lamentations in the Judean War: Body, Emotional Resistance, and Gender
Authors: Mirguet Françoise
Published: September 2022

In the Judean War’s proem, Josephus professes his need to lament, an atypical statement in Hellenistic and Roman historiography. This article explores his lamentations, in the proem and the work, as they engage body, emotion, gender, and power. It examines the constructions that laments receive in Josephus’s diverse literary and cultural backgrounds—biblical and early Jewish literature as well as ancient Greek and Roman traditions. It also considers how the War reflects these constructions. Josephus’s laments, staging his wailing voice and suffering body, suggest self-abasement. However, his protagonists’ laments often convey resistance and rebellion, a traditional function of laments; they thus shed a more political light on the proem. Josephus masculinizes the typically feminine lamenter-qua-protester figure, perhaps to avoid feminizing his own role. This article interprets Josephus’s laments as an embodiment of his carefully subversive account and as emotional resistance against the Roman power.
Transparency and Predictability in the Maritime Delimitation Process: Reverse-engineering the Somalia-Kenya Adjudicated Boundary
Authors: Bekker Pieter , Schofield Clive , van de Poll Robert
Published: September 2022

This article analyses the adjudicated boundary between Somalia and Kenya in the Indian Ocean through an integrated law-and-science approach. Using recent high-resolution satellite imagery and specialised boundary software, it seeks to ‘reverse-engineer’ the 12 October 2021 ruling of the International Court of Justice with a particular focus on issues of transparency and predictability. The article highlights how ambiguities in the identification of basepoints underlying an adjudicated boundary and the reliance on a relatively small-scale nautical chart based on dated surveys that does not reflect the physical reality of the relevant coast could undermine the authority of an adjudicated boundary obtained after years of legal proceedings. Addressing the issue of technical support in decision-making on adjudicated boundaries, the article proposes various means to reduce controversies regarding maritime boundary delimitation and to make the delimitation process more transparent and predictable.
The Resurgence of the Unified Arab Investment Agreement and the Organisation for Islamic Cooperation Investment Agreement
Authors: Wahab Mohamed S. Abdel , Duggal Kabir
Published: September 2022

Multilateral investment treaties (MIT s) are international legal instruments whose purpose is to, inter alia, facilitate social and economic cooperation on regional and/or global scales. While there is abundant literature and decisions on MIT s generally, there has been scant analysis of such instruments executed in the Arab and Muslim-majority worlds.

This book discusses two such instruments: the Unified Agreement for the Investment of Arab Capital in the Arab States and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Agreement for Promotion, Protection and Guarantee of Investments Among Member States. These investment agreements are among the oldest MIT s in the modern world. The UAA was approved at the 11th Arab Summit Conference held in Amman, Jordan, in November 1980. The OIC Agreement was opened for signature on June 1–5, 1981 and entered into force on February 25, 1988. It is only recently, however, that these two long-dormant treaties have acquired special significance. This book provides a comprehensive, critical review of these two treaties that remain to be fully tested and utilized.
Diving into Water Diplomacy – Exploring the Emergence of a Concept
Authors: Sehring Jenniver , Schmeier Susanne , Horst Rozemarijn ter , Offutt Alyssa , Sharipova Bota
Published: September 2022

The term “water diplomacy” has gained currency among policy makers and academics. It reflects an awareness that the use, management, and protection of transboundary water resources is intrinsically political and often embedded in complex political settings. Based on a review of academic and policy documents, we analyze the variety of understandings and common patterns in the definition of water diplomacy. We also analyze tools, tracks, and levels through which and at which water diplomacy is conducted or analyzed. With our own definition of water diplomacy as deliberative political processes and practices of preventing, mitigating, and resolving disputes over transboundary water resources and developing joint water governance arrangements by applying foreign policy means which are embedded in bi- and/or multilateral relations beyond the water sector and taking place at different tracks and scales, we aim to advance the discourse on water diplomacy both in the academic and policy realms.
“American Dream – Soviet Reality”: Industrialization and Environmentalism in Soviet Cold War Public Diplomacy
Authors: Koskina Mariia
Published: September 2022

Expo ’67 in Montreal and Expo ’74 in Spokane took strikingly different stances regarding human-nature relations. The title of the first was “Man and His World.” Here, the Soviet pavilion exhibited the Krasnoyarsk Dam to showcase its conquest of nature. The exploitation of “idle” Siberian resources, like hydro-energy, was bound to fulfill the promise to “catch and overtake” the United States. Yet, the global environmental awakening of the 1960s added a “green race” to existing Cold War races and propelled environmental cooperation. Spokane’s Expo became the first environmental world's fair with the motto “Progress without Pollution.” Now, the ussr exhibited the Krasnoyarsk Dam as an inseparable part of the landscape and the new “green” socialist settlements to demonstrate the industry’s harmony with nature. An envoy for Soviet environmentalism, the display was responsive both to raising global concerns and to the detrimental environmental consequences of industrialization on the ground in Siberia.
Suspended in Time and Space: A Carved Heraldic Panel from Nicosia
Authors: Papacostas Tassos
Published: September 2022

A stone panel bearing a heraldic shield surmounted by a bust of the Virgin and Child flanked by kneeling supplicants in low relief survives today on the façade of an early twentieth-century house in the Old Town of Nicosia. Barely noticed in publications on Cypriot heraldry, it has escaped scrutiny. Yet it raises the same questions as any other object deprived of its original function and context: How can the modern observer use and interpret such a lone witness, seemingly hovering in time and space, at first sight totally anonymous and therefore mute? In order to give it a voice and demonstrate the value of every single piece of evidence from a period whose material culture remains surprisingly underexplored, this essay endeavours to identify the two coats-of-arms on the shield, to link them to individuals documented in the written record, and ultimately to provide an approximate date for the panel and to reconstruct its wider context. As demonstrated, it belongs to the later fifteenth century and the early decades of Venetian rule on Cyprus (1474/89-1570/71), a period of rapid change on all fronts for the island. Its iconography and style are briefly discussed in terms of craftsmanship and as testimonies to the cultural references and aspirations of members of a social class that has left behind little beyond textual attestations, drawing conclusions at the same time about its function within the built environment of Venetian Nicosia.
Does Procedural Justice Reduce the Harmful Effects of Perceived Ineffectiveness on Police Legitimacy?
Authors: Nam Yongjae , Wolfe Scott E. , Nix Justin
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Judgments about police procedural fairness consistently have a stronger influence on how the public ascribes legitimacy to the police than evaluations of police effectiveness. What remains largely underexplored, however, is the potential moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between effectiveness and legitimacy and whether this moderation varies by citizen race. Method: We administered two separate surveys to determine whether procedural justice's moderating effect on the relationship between police ineffectiveness and legitimacy varies by citizen race. The first was a mail survey of a random sample of citizens in a southern US city (N = 1,681) conducted in 2013; the second, a national survey of adults (N = 972) administered via Qualtrics in 2022. Results: We found that procedural justice could help protect against the harmful influence of perceived ineffectiveness on police legitimacy in Study 2. However, contrary to expectations, this moderation effect held only for White Americans. Conclusions: The effect of perceived ineffectiveness on legitimacy evaluations does not vary depending on citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice. Yet, police still do have control over how they treat people with whom they interact, which is one mechanism that can improve citizens’ views on police legitimacy.
Granular Cell Tumor of the Deep Lobe of the Parotid Gland Presenting With Respiratory Obstruction: Clinicopathologic Report of a Rare Presentation
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed A. S. , Umar Umar H. , Bukar Abba Z. , Abubakar Adamu , Kodiya Aliyu M.
Published: September 2022

Background

Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a very rare, slow-growing, benign neoplasm with a controversial etiology, recently believed to be derived from Schwann cells. Hardly grows large and is also infrequently seen in children. Seventy percent of this tumor is seen in the head and neck with 1/3 in other parts of the body. Seldom occurs in the parotid gland and more so, the deep lobe of the parotid, where it may initially be asymptomatic but when large, it may result in respiratory obstruction.

Case report

: An 8-year-old female presented with a large right lateral upper neck-facial swelling of 3 months duration with a change in voice, difficulty swallowing, and respiratory distress. We reported an uncommon case of GCT of the deep lobe of parotid in a child with respiratory distress due to tumor obstruction of the airway. Tumor excision with preservation of the facial nerve was successfully performed. The histopathological report confirms the diagnosis of GCT. The child recovered to full general health with no signs of recurrence.

Conclusion

Granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm, treatment is local surgical excision. Recurrence is uncommon, even if the lesion is not entirely removed. Microscopically this tumor may mimic a malignancy because of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the overlying epithelium. The pathologist should be aware of this possibility to avoid a mistaken diagnosis of cancer.
Long-term proliferation of immature hypoxia-dependent JMML cells supported by a 3D in vitro system
Authors: Cani Alice , Tretti Parenzan Caterina , Frasson Chiara , Rampazzo Elena , Scarparo Pamela , Francescato Samuela , Caicci Federico , Barbieri Vito , Rosato Antonio , Cesaro Simone , Zecca Marco , Micalizzi Concetta , Sainati Laura , Pigazzi Martina , Biffi Alessandra , Buldini Barbara , Locatelli Franco , Persano Luca , Masetti Riccardo , te Kronnie Geertruij , Bresolin Silvia
Published: September 2022

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare clonal stem cell disorder that occurs in early childhood and is characterized by the hyperactivation of the RAS pathway in 95% of the patients. JMML is characterized by a hyperproliferation of granulocytes and monocytes, and little is known about the heterogeneous nature of leukemia-initiating cells, as well as of the cellular hierarchy of the JMML bone marrow. In this study, we report the generation and characterization of a novel patient-derived three-dimensional (3D) in vitro JMML model, called patient-derived JMML Atypical Organoid (pd-JAO), sustaining the long-term proliferation of JMML cells with stem cell features and patient-specific hallmarks. JMML cells brewed in a 3D model under different microenvironmental conditions acquired proliferative and survival advantages when placed under low oxygen tension. Transcriptomic and microscopic analyses revealed the activation of specific metabolic energy pathways and the inactivation of processes leading to cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrated the pd-JAO–derived cells’ migratory, propagation, and self-renewal capacities. Our study contributes to the development of a robust JMML 3D in vitro model for studying and defining the impact of microenvironmental stimuli on JMML disease and the molecular mechanisms that regulate JMML initiating and propagating cells. Pd-JAO may become a promising model for compound tests focusing on new therapeutic interventions aimed at eradicating JMML progenitors and controlling JMML disease.
Elastic interaction in multiple bolted timber joints
Authors: Matsubara Doppo , Teranishi Masaki , Wakashima Yoshiaki
Published: September 2022

The management of axial forces is an important issue when a joining method that takes into account the axial forces generated by tightening bolts is applied to the bolted joints of a wooden structure during construction. This study focuses on elastic interactions in which the axial force of adjacent bolts changes as a result of sequential tightening of each bolt in multiple bolted joints affecting the deformation around each of the other bolts. To this end, tightening experiments are conducted within the elastic range, with the tightening sequence, bolt spacing, and wood thickness set as parameters. From the results, it was found that variations in axial force tended to decrease as bolt spacing increases. In addition, an evaluation formula for calculating fluctuations in axial force due to elastic interactions was derived. By comparing the calculated value to the experimental value, it was found that as bolt spacing was increased, the calculated value tended to capture the experimental values well.
All-Dielectric Metasurface Lenses for Achromatic Imaging Applications
Authors: Li Menghan , Liu Muhan , Chen Yuxuan , Hu Zheng-Da , Wu Jingjing , Wang Jicheng
Published: September 2022

Metasurface can use artificial microstructures to manipulate electromagnetic waves more accurately and flexibly. All-dielectric metalens have a wide range of materials and low cost so it has a wide application prospect. Herein, we propose a all-dielectric achromatic metalens built with Si as the structural unit that can operate over a broadband of wavelengths in the visible region. It controls the wavefront of light through the Pancharatnam–Berry phase and propagation phase to eliminate the chromatic aberration. Meanwhile, we also use Gerchberg–Saxton algorithm and its improved algorithm to iterate over multiple design wavelengths and obtain holographic phases suitable for broadband. Thus, both the metalenses and holographic metasurfaces can achieve achromatic broadband in the visible light range, which provides a new method for the development of meta-optical imaging devices.
Comprehensive analysis of key genes and pathways for biological and clinical implications in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Wang Yueyue , Shao Yanfei , Zhang Haitao , Wang Jun , Zhang Peng , Zhang Weizhong , Chen Huanhuan
Published: September 2022

Background

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is a common and organ-specific autoimmune disease. Early diagnosis and novel treatments are essential to improve the prognosis of TAO patients. Therefore, the current work was performed to identify the key genes and pathways for the biological and clinical implications of TAO through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis and a series of clinical validations.

Methods

GSE105149 and GSE185952 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for analysis. The data were normalized to identify the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two datasets, and the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to assess key pathways in TAO. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and hub genes among the common DEGs were identified. Furthermore, we collected the general information and blood samples from 50 TAO patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs), and the expression levels of the proteins encoded by hub genes in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Then we further assessed the relationship between the ELISA data and the TAO development.

Results

Several common pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, the IL-17 signaling pathway, and the TNF signaling pathway, were identified in both datasets. In parallel, 52 common DEGs were identified. The KEGG analysis showed that these common DEGs are mainly enriched in long-term depression, the VEGF signaling pathway, the IL-17 signaling pathway, the TNF signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions. The key hub genes PRKCG, OSM, DPP4, LRRTM1, CXCL6, and CSF3R were screened out through the PPI network. As confirmation, the ELISA results indicated that protein expression levels of PRKCG, OSM, CSF3R, and DPP4 were significantly upregulated in TAO patients compared with HCs. In addition, PRKCG and DPP4 were verified to show value in diagnosing TAO, and CSF3R was found to be a valuable diagnostic marker in distinguishing active TAO from inactive TAO.

Conclusions

Inflammation- and neuromodulation-related pathways might be closely associated with TAO. Based on the clinical verification, OSM, CSF3R, CXCL6, DPP4, and PRKCG may serve as inflammation- or neuromodulation-related biomarkers for TAO, providing novel insights for the diagnosis and treatment of TAO.
Children and neonates anesthesia in magnetic resonance environment in Italy: an active call survey
Authors: Sbaraglia Fabio , Spinazzola Giorgia , Adduci Alessia , Continolo Nicola , De Riso Mariella , Ferrone Giuliano , Festa Rossano , Garra Rossella , Tosi Federica , Rossi Marco
Published: September 2022

Background

Pediatric anesthesia care in the Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a challenge for clinicians. The recent debate about the role of anesthetic agent on neural development, encouraged an evaluation of their actual activity in this environment. In this active call survey, the authors sought to delineate the Italian situation regarding national centers, staff involved, monitoring tools available and sedation techniques.

Methods

A complete sample of all national centers performing almost a pediatric discharge in the 2014 was obtained from Health Ministry registers. All Institutions were contacted for a prospective phone investigation and a three-section survey was fill out with the Physician in charge. A descriptive and exploratory analyzes about the organization setting of the Centers were performed.

Results

Among 876 Institution screened, only 106 (37%) met minimal criteria for inclusion. Children are managed by anesthesiologists in the 95% of cases, while neonates in the 54%. A dedicated nurse is present in 74% of centers. While a pulse oximetry is present in 100% of centers, the rate of prevalence of other monitoring is lower. A specific MRI-compatible ventilator is available in the 95% of Centers, but many tools are not equally homogenously distributed. Pharmacological approach is preferred in pediatric age (98%), but its use for newborns is reduced to 43%.

Conclusions

We found significant heterogeneity in the daily clinical practice of sedation in MRI. Our results could be a starting point to evaluate the further evolution of approach to children and neonates in magnetic resonance setting.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04775641.
The school education, ritual customs, and reciprocity associated with self-regulating hand hygiene practices during COVID-19 in Japan
Authors: Lee Sun Youn , Sasaki Shusaku , Kurokawa Hirofumi , Ohtake Fumio
Published: September 2022

Background

The role of social ties, other-regarding preferences, and cultural traits in boosting community resilience and minimizing citizens’ vulnerability to crises such as COVID-19 is increasingly being recognized. However, little is presently known about the possible routes through which such personal preferences and cultural norms pertinent to social behaviors are formulated. Thus, in this paper, factors that can be potentially associated with individuals to self-regulate strict hand hygiene practices before the pandemic, during the state of emergency, and after the state of emergency was lifted in Japan are investigated. Focus is given to the handwashing education in primary school, a cultural practice originating from the old Shinto tradition, and individuals’ reciprocal inclinations. As people in Japan are known to be highly conscious of hygiene in all aspects of their daily life and are less likely to contract an infection, evidence obtained in this specific context could contribute to the better understanding of individuals’ health-related behaviors in general, and during crises in particular.

Methods

Using the data derived from a four-wave nationwide longitudinal online survey, we examined the extent to which elementary school education, childhood cultural experiences at shrines, and individual other-regarding preferences are associated with self-regulating hand hygiene practices prior to the pandemic and people’s efforts to comply with the government-imposed measures aimed at preventing the spread of COVID-19 infection during the state of emergency. We also investigated the long-term trends in the relationships among these factors (i.e., after the abolishment of the state of emergency) using panel data.

Results

Our findings reveal that childhood education and cultural experiences related to handwashing practices, as well as reciprocal inclinations, are significantly associated with Japanese attitudes toward personal hygiene (beyond handwashing practices) prior to, during, and after the state of emergency. In recognition of the possible effects of recall bias and measurement errors, several important attempts to mitigate these issues were made to strengthen the value of our findings.

Conclusions

The importance of school education received during childhood, as well as culture and other-regarding preferences, in the individual attitudes toward hand hygiene in adulthood highlighted in this study contributes to the better understanding of the role that these factors play in the variations in voluntary compliance with strict hand hygiene practices before and during an uncertain and prolonged crisis.
Dyspnea and outcome expectations are associated with physical activity in persons with pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kawaji Tomohiro , Hasegawa Takashi , Uchiyama Yasushi
Published: September 2022

Background

There are various reports on factors associated with physical activity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases. However, there are no studies on the relationship between physical activity and psychological or environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the relationship between physical activity and psychological and environmental factors using questionnaires for patients with pneumoconiosis.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent a pneumoconiosis health examination in 2019. A self-administered questionnaire was used to conduct the study. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and subjective symptoms [dyspnea and quality of life (QOL)], environmental factors (environment around home and life space), psychological factors (depression, stage of change, self-efficacy, decisional balance, and outcome expectations), and others (e.g., experience with pulmonary rehabilitation) were investigated.

Results

The number of respondents in the study was 185 (men: 171, women: 14). Age, dyspnea, stage of change, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, QOL, depression, decisional balance, and life space were significantly correlated with physical activity. In the multivariate analysis, outcome expectations and dyspnea were extracted as independent factors. In the path analysis, outcome expectations and dyspnea had a direct influence on physical activity. Dyspnea directly impacted not only physical activity but also outcome expectations, stage of change, QOL, life space, and depression.

Conclusions

Dyspnea and outcome expectations were associated with physical activity in patients with pneumoconiosis. To improve physical activity in pneumoconiosis patients, it was suggested that it may be necessary to improve dyspnea and promote an understanding of physical activity.
Correlation of the prognostic value of FNDC4 in glioblastoma with macrophage polarization
Authors: Li Hongwu , Yan Xiaofei , Ou Shaowu
Published: September 2022

Background

Glioblastoma is among the most malignant tumors in the central nervous system and characterized by strong invasion and poor prognosis. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 4 (FNDC4) plays various important roles in the human body, including participating in cellular metabolism and inflammatory responses to cardiovascular diseases, influencing immune cells, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects; however, the role of FNDC4 in glioblastoma has not been reported.

Methods

In this study, bioinformatics databases, including TCGA, CGGA, GTEx, and TIMER, were used to analyze the differential expression of FNDC4 genes and cell survival, in addition to investigating its relationship with immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we overexpressed FNDC4 in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 by lentiviral transfection and detected changes in proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Following collection of monocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and transformation into M0 macrophages, we performed flow cytometry to detect the polarizing effect of exogenous FNDC4, as well as the effect of FNDC4-overexpressing glioblastoma cells on macrophage polarization in a co-culture system.

Results

We identified that significantly higher FNDC4 expression in glioblastoma tissue relative to normal brain tissue was associated with worse prognosis. Moreover, we found that FNDC4 overexpression in U87 and U251 cells resulted in increased proliferation and affected the S phase of tumor cells, whereas cell apoptosis remained unchanged. Furthermore, exogenous FNDC4 inhibited the M1 polarization of M0 macrophages without affecting M2 polarization; this was also observed in glioblastoma cells overexpressing FNDC4.

Conclusions

FNDC4 expression is elevated in glioblastoma, closely associated with poor prognosis, and promoted the proliferation of glioblastoma cells, affected the S phase of tumor cells while inhibiting macrophage polarization.
Molecular mechanisms of inhibitor of growth (ING) family members in health and malignancy
Authors: Taheri Mohammad , Hussen Bashdar Mahmud , Najafi Sajad , Abak Atefe , Ghafouri-Fard Soudeh , Samsami Majid , Baniahmad Aria
Published: September 2022

ING genes belong to family of tumor suppressor genes with regulatory functions on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. These include a family of proteins with 5 members (ING1-5), which are downregulated in human malignancies and/or affected by pathogenic mutations. ING proteins are highly evolutionarily conserved proteins containing several domains through which bind to chromatin structures by exerting their effects as readers of histone modification marks, and also binding to proteins like p53 involved in biological processes such as cell cycle regulation. Further, they are known as subunits of histone acetylation as well as deacetylation complexes and so exert their regulatory roles through epigenetic mechanisms. Playing role in restriction of proliferative but also invasive potentials of normal cells, INGs are particularly involved in cancer development and progression. However, additional studies and experimental confirmation are required for these models. This paper highlights the potential impact that INGs may have on the development of human cancer and explores what new information has recently arise on the functions of ING genes.