bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The perspective of doctoral nursing students engaged in mentored international research
Authors: Snyder Audrey , Milbrath Gwyneth , Hood Tiffany Lee , Gaul Raiden , Hijmans Kyler , Leahy Nancy , Matthew Stephanie
Published: September 2020

Five doctoral nursing students and their faculty traveled to St. Kitts and Nevis for a study abroad experience to apply research skills outside of a classroom setting as part of a disaster preparedness elective course. Nursing students reflected on their perspectives of conducting a mixed-methods research study in another country. Each student reported positive benefits from the experience, particularly emphasizing the importance of face-to-face mentorship in doing actual research as a part of doctoral studies to supplement research methods learned in online courses. Students also acknowledged challenges and learning opportunities within their experience. International mentored research projects can assist graduate nursing students through the transition from student to independent researcher. The authors believe these types of intensive research experiences should be encouraged and supported within nursing education.
Assessing the Islamic Banks Performance in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: An Empirical Study
Authors: Filfilan Assaf
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to ask lots of questions about the effect of various factors on the performance of the Islamic Banking Sector (IBS) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Both panel data analysis relating to random effect (RE) regression and generalized method of moments (GMM) in the system are utilized to quantify the relationship between board features and banks performance. The population of this research was 40 Islamic banks in the GCC zone with the perception went from 2005 to 2016. Our outcomes point to show that regression with GMM in system confirms the RE results just for the degree of bank capital, demonstrating a positive and significant connection between this variable and the bank performance at a 5% criticalness level. Notwithstanding, sharia board size and board duality apply a positive and huge hit on bank performance just when RE regression technique is utilized. These discoveries are applicable and valuable contribution for Islamic banks in dealing with their speculations inside their establishments. All the more significantly, Islamic banks in GCC should allow more significance to the degree of the capital bank, the structure and nature of the board, and the board duality to improve their performance.
Egypt Within the Sustainable Development Goals One and Two of the United Nations: Overview and Recommendations Thereof
Authors: Eissa Noura Abdel Maksoud
Published: September 2020

The objective of this article is to (1) posit indicators to measure the performance of Egypt in achieving United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals one, to end poverty in all its forms and two, zero hunger, and (2) develop policy recommendations with regards to reducing poverty. Research methods include a systematic macro-process, general to narrow analysis, offering indicators and policy recommendations for governments to follow in achieving the sustainable development goals on poverty. The article is significant since it links between macroeconomics of poverty, an analysis of the quality and quantity of research conducted on the topic, the poor economics individual perspective, examples of pre and post-covid sustainable development goals one and two actual performance. Conclusions convey that poverty alleviation requires a combined public, private, and institutional collaboration to enhance the poor community capacity building, domestic resource mobilization techniques, efficient resource allocation and an awareness of the importance of implementing the sustainable development goals.
Methodology of Internal Corporate Distribution of External Orders
Authors: Dmitriev Oleg , Novikov Sergey
Published: September 2020

A hierarchical subject complexity of the market for marketable products in modern times is revealed. The emergence of cognitive dissonance concerning supplier subjectivity of marketable products with an unincorporated customer is reflected. The main emphasis is made on the presentation of the conceptual mechanism vision of internal distribution of the external order, i.e. the supply project decomposition for the enterprises (the corporation members). The mechanism is considered in the aspects of environmental, structural and procedural scientific and project execution.
Fenylohydrazyna. Metoda oznaczania w powietrzu środowiska pracy z zastosowaniem wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej
Authors: Zieliński Marek , Bonczarowska Marzena , Twardowska Ewa
Published: September 2020

Fenylohydrazyna w temperaturze pokojowej występuje w postaci bezbarwnej oleistej cieczy o słabym, aromatycznym zapachu. Jest stosowana w syntezie organicznej jako silny środek redukujący lub jako półprodukt przy produkcji innych związków chemicznych (m.in. barwników i leków). Wykorzystuje się ją również jako odczynnik chemiczny służący do identyfikacji aldehydów i ketonów oraz identyfikacji i określania konfiguracji cukrów. Do organizmu człowieka fenylohydrazyna może dostawać się drogą inhalacyjną, pokarmową lub na drodze bezpośredniego kontaktu ze skórą. Gdy zostanie wchłonięta, szybko wiąże się z hemoglobiną. Toksyczne działanie fenylohydrazyny polega głównie na uszkadzaniu czerwonych krwinek skutkującym anemią hemolityczną i w konsekwencji uszkodzeniem śledziony i wątroby. Fenylohydrazyna może również działać uczulająco oraz powodować kontaktowe zapalenia skóry.
Celem prac badawczych było opracowanie i walidacja czułej metody oznaczania stężeń fenylohydrazyny w środowisku pracy w zakresie 1/10 ÷ 2 NDS zgodnie z wymogami normy PN-EN 482.
Badania wykonano techniką wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej (HPLC) przy zastosowaniu chromatografu cieczowego Waters Alliance 2695 wyposażonego w pompę poczwórną, kolumnę analityczną Supelcosil LC-18 (150 × 2,1 mm, 5 µm), detektor spektrofotometryczny (UV-VIS) i autosampler.
Metoda polega na: adsorpcji fenylohydrazyny na żelu krzemionkowym pokrytym 0,1 mol/l kwasem solnym, ekstrakcji zatrzymanego związku mieszaniną acetonitrylu i wody, derywatyzacji fenylohydrazyny acetonem oraz oznaczaniu powstałej pochodnej metodą HPLC. Współczynnik desorpcji fenylohydrazyny z żelu krzemionkowego pokrytego HCl wynosi 0,96. Metoda jest liniowa (r = 0,9996) w zakresie stężeń 11,4 ÷ 228 µg/ml, co odpowiada zakresowi 0,19 ÷ 3,80 mg/m3 dla próbki powietrza o objętości 180 l. Granica oznaczalności (LOQ) wynosi 0,027 µg/ml.
Opisana metoda analityczna umożliwia oznaczenie w powietrzu na stanowiskach pracy stężenia fenylohydrazyny równego 0,19 mg/m3 (1/10 wartości NDS). Metoda charakteryzuje się dobrą precyzją i dokładnością i spełnia wymagania normy PN-EN 482 dla procedur dotyczących oznaczania czynników chemicznych.
Metoda oznaczania fenylohydrazyny została przedstawiona w postaci procedury analitycznej, którą zamieszczono w załączniku.
Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
Producing and Promoting the Sports Gambling Industry since the 2018 United States Supreme Court Ruling: A Review of Organizational Action through Suspense Theory
Authors: Fortunato John A
Published: September 2020

Sports gambling is a way for people to experience the emotions caused by suspense.  Suspense is predicated and enhanced along the dimensions of outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest in the outcome.  Suspense for a sporting event is increased through gambling by creating outcome uncertainty and a rooting interest beyond the result of an actual game.  The 2018 United States Supreme Court ruling that permits states to legalize wagering on sports games altered the sports gambling industry by giving more people the ability to bet on games.  Several states are facilitating sports betting by allowing wagering through online and mobile platforms.  Beyond what is legally permitted, sports gambling participation is influenced by how the activity is promoted.  State governments, sports leagues and teams, sports gambling operators, and media companies are all in position to capitalize economically on an increase in sports gambling, therefore, their actions in producing and promoting the sports gambling industry since the Supreme Court ruling are in need of study.  The alignment of organizational action with suspense theory lends insight into what is actually occurring in the sports gambling industry and can serve to better anticipate future industry developments.
Biologando sobre Saúde no Contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19 via Plataforma de Videoconferência
Authors: Ribeiro Rayane De Tasso Moreira , Pantoja Lydia Dayanne Maia , Paixão Germana Costa
Published: September 2020

No contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19, a Educação a Distância ganha ainda mais evidência. Em uma realidade de distanciamento social, o objetivo desse trabalho é avaliar a utilização do aplicativo Google meet em uma palestra virtual oferecida a turmas de Ciências Biológicas a distância de diversas cidades do Ceará, Brasil. Como resultados, 100% dos alunos consideraram (total ou parcialmente) a experiência satisfatória, além da qualidade de som e imagem. Os estudantes realizaram comentários positivos sobre a temática da palestra e o pesquisador, além disso, ressaltaram, ainda, a atualidade da discussão da COVID-19 e a importância da palestra com informações confiáveis em um contexto de disseminação de Fake News.
Produção de Material Instrucional para o Ensino de História da Paraíba
Authors: Silveira Diego R. S. , Costa Thaíse K. L.
Published: September 2020

Animações interativas podem ser utilizadas no apoio educacional de História e auxiliar alunos com dificuldade em abstrair conceitos. Este artigo descreve a visão geral da construção de uma animação interativa voltada ao ensino de História da Paraíba, bem como sua aplicação com alunos de ensino fundamental. Seu uso pode estimular processos cognitivos como percepção, memória, linguagem e pensamento. A interação, combinada a desafios relacionados ao conteúdo, permite uma atenção focada em partes específicas de assuntos. Com base na aplicação da animação em sala de aula, observa-se o potencial desse material como recurso de apoio ao ensino de História, estimulando a participação e curiosidade dos alunos acerca do tema.
A Importância da Ludicidade na Interface de um Jogo Educativo para Estimulação do Controle Inibitório
Authors: Rodrigues Ariane Nunes , Torcate Arianne Sarmento
Published: September 2020

Este artigo relaciona a ludicidade como responsável para a aprendizagem em jogos educativos promovida pela interface. A pesquisa reforça a necessidade da qualidade das interfaces educativas pelo uso de representações visuais e feedbacks adequados. Neste contexto, destaca-se aspectos lúdicos da interface do jogo Candy Night focado para estimular o controle inibitório. Os resultados da avaliação da interface do jogo, sob a perspectiva de usuários reais, revelam a importância de garantir a diversão para atingir os objetivos de aprendizagem.
O Professor de Computação em Formação: Experiências de Conexões de Saberes nos Anos Iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Bompet Pietro , Morais Pauleany
Published: September 2020

O presente artigo buscou analisar as contribuições de atividades com conexões de saberes envolvendo a Computação e Artes Visuais nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental no contexto de uma escola pública de Salvador/BA. Como encaminhamento teórico-metodológico utilizou-se da revisão de literatura acerca do ensino da Computação e a análise de uma vivência sistematizada na escola por meio de experiências nos Estágios Supervisionados utilizando o conjunto de técnicas da Computação Desplugada e o Pensamento Computacional. Os resultados apresentam a relevância do ensino da Computação na escola diante da ausência de referenciais curriculares e profissionais que orientem a prática educacional, bem como profissionais que orientem os referidos estágios.
Proposta de Avaliação Heurística de uma Plataforma Web para a Difusão do Pensamento Computacional no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Medeiros Soraya Roberta dos Santos , Rabelo Humberto , Medeiros Angélica , Lima Cristóvão , Júnior Hélio , Martins Cibelle Amorim
Published: September 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo propor a avaliação do projeto de interface da plataforma Poesia Compilada para a difusão do ensino de PC no Ensino Fundamental.Para tanto, este estudo se divide em três etapas: i) planejamento da avaliação; ii) definição, modelagem e aplicação do método de avaliação a ser utilizado e iii) coleta e análise dos resultados. Como resultados, as avaliações indicaram que o protótipo precisa passar por ajustes para se adequar melhor as heurísticas, tendo em vista que de modo quantitativo as avaliações negativas representaram 63% das indicações.
Fóruns de Discussão em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem: Um Mapeamento Sistemático do seu Uso nos Contextos Brasileiro e Latino-Americano
Authors: Soares Ithalo Rannieri Araújo , Mendes Priscilla Batista , Machiavelli Josiane Lemos , De Gusmão Cristine Martins Gomes
Published: September 2020

Com objetivo de melhor compreender a utilização da ferramenta fórum de discussão em ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem nos contextos brasileiro e latino-americano, o presente artigo apresenta resultados de um mapeamento sistemático conduzido a partir da análise de artigos completos de periódicos e capítulos de livros, nos idiomas português e espanhol, encontrados em bases de dados que agregam diversas publicações nesses idiomas. Os achados sugerem que o fórum de discussão tem sido utilizado como um recurso facilitador dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem online por promover um espaço de interação e colaboração entre os participantes dos cursos.
Transformação Digital de Bibliotecas Escolares: Do Local para a Rede Online
Authors: Saldanha Patrícia , Locatelli Ederson Luiz
Published: September 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fazer um relato sobre como o serviço de biblioteca tem se reconfigurado, considerando o isolamento social, para dar conta de se integrar aos processos pedagógicos da escola. O contexto é a Rede Marista de colégios; a metodologia é qualitativa e descritiva; e os procedimentos técnicos, levantamento bibliográfico, estudo de caso e análise documental, considerando os dados da live de práticas pedagógicas online e o canal Mediação de Leitura no Stream. As duas ações proporcionaram a reconfiguração do serviço de biblioteca, passando de uma atuação totalmente presencial física para a online, potencializando suas ações locais na rede e para rede.
Uma Experiência com Pessoas Idosas por Meio dos Poliminós e de Tecnologias Digitais
Authors: Lopes Ronaldo André , Da Silva Guilherme Henrique Gomes , Julio Rejane Siqueira
Published: September 2020

Apresentamos nesse texto o desenvolvimento de atividades pedagógicas com público idoso envolvendo poliminós. Elas foram realizadas em dois encontros com idosos participantes do projeto de extensão Conversas Matemáticas, pertencente ao Programa Universidade Aberta a Terceira Idade. A primeira atividade abordou os poliminós, de modo geral, e a segunda os tetraminós, por meio do jogo digital Tetris. A metodologia envolvida foi a manipulação de poliminós e o uso de tecnologias digitais. Como resultados destaca-se a participação ativa dos idosos na manipulação dos poliminós e a abertura a atividades envolvendo tecnologias.
Datenschutz-Grundverordnung verbessern
Authors: Roßnagel Alexander , Geminn Christian
Published: September 2020

Das Buch führt nach zwei Jahren Erfahrung mit der Datenschutz-Grundverordnung eine Evaluation aus Verbrauchersicht durch und präsentiert 33 einfache konkrete Vorschläge, ihren Text zu verbessern, um ihre Ziele besser zu verwirklichen. Daneben erörtert es konzeptionelle Schwächen der Verordnung und entwickelt Vorschläge für Lösungen, die ihren Schutzauftrag erfüllen.

Die Verordnung ist für viele typische Anwendungssituationen viel zu abstrakt und provoziert daher Rechtsunsicherheit und Investitionsstau. Sie wird keiner Herausforderung moderner Informationstechnik gerecht und bewirkt dadurch Schutzlücken. Die wiederkehrenden Evaluationen der Verordnung können dazu beitragen, Mängel zu beseitigen und eine Evolution des EU-Datenschutzrechts zu bewirken.
Algorithmen in der Justiz
Authors: Rollberg Christoph
Published: September 2020

Unter welchen Bedingungen dürfen Gerichte in Deutschland digitale Anwendungen zur Entscheidungsfindung einsetzen? Das Werk zeigt die engen Grenzen und einen Lösungsweg hierfür auf. Neben rechtstheoretischen und durch die computerspezifische Arbeitsweise gesetzten Grenzen ist der durch das Grundgesetz und das Europarecht abgesteckte Rechtsrahmen zu beachten. Im Zentrum der Bearbeitung steht die Garantie der richterlichen Unabhängigkeit, die durch den Technikeinsatz nicht infrage gestellt werden darf. Zur Auflösung des daraus resultierenden Konflikts wird ein Zertifizierungsverfahren für determinierte Programme vorgeschlagen. Schließlich werden konkrete Anwendungsbeispiele beleuchtet.
Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit in Hongkong und Deutschland – Vorbildfunktion des asiatischen Erfolgsmodells für die deutsche Reform?
Authors: Meyer Leane
Published: September 2020

Die laufenden Reformerwägungen des Bundesjustizministerium zum 10. Buch der ZPO und die Reform der DIS-Schiedsgerichtsordnung 2018 verfolgen das Ziel, Deutschland als Schiedsort populärer zu machen. Inspirationsquelle, um die Hauptherausforderungen der zunehmenden Kostenlast, Dauer und Komplexität von Schiedsverfahren zu meistern, können die staatlichen und institutionellen Regelungen der führenden Schiedsorte sein. Dabei ging der Blick während der gegenwärtigen Reformdiskussion bisher stets in die benachbarten europäischen Staaten. Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit werden nun erstmals die Schiedsregelungen von Hongkong als einem der weltweit führenden Schiedsorte auf eine mögliche Vorbildfunktion für die deutsche Reform untersucht.
A 3-Year Single Surgeon Experience of the Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Mirzaaghayan Mohammad Reza , Ghamari Azin , Amini Sima , Rabbani Ali , Mohebbi Ali , Aghaei Moghadam Ehsan
Published: September 2020

Background: The arterial switch operation [ASO] is the surgical procedure of choice for correction of the TGA. This is one of the most complex cardiac surgeries, with coronary artery transfer being the most important factor determining the success of the surgery. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the outcomes of ASO operated by a single surgeon and assess the accuracy of echocardiography in identifying the coronary artery pattern before the ASO, this may lead to a better familiarization with the ASO. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by operative and postoperative case note review of 125 patients from March 2015 to 2018. We assessed the outcomes of the arterial switch operation. Concomitant defects as atrial septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus and small ventricular septal defects were defined as the simple TGA and other defects were defined as the complex TGA. Coronary artery pattern determination by echocardiography prior to the surgery and during the operation was investigated, as well. 30-day mortality, post-operative neurologic complications, cardiac anatomic complications, arrhythmia, plasma lactate level and cardiopulmonary bypass time [CPB time] during the surgery were recorded. Results: The mean age and weight of the patients were 29.09 (1 - 180) days and 3506.48 (2400 - 9700) grams. Most of the patients (64%) were male. 105 (84%) of the patients had simple and 20 (16%) had complex TGA. Unusual coronary pattern during echocardiography was observed in 17 (13.6%) subjects and unusual coronary pattern during the operation was observed in 7 (5.6%) patients. The incidence of the major anatomical lesions was not significant. 20 (16%) had neurologic complications, including seizure in 14 (11.2%) patients, brain hemorrhage was found in 5 (4%) patients, as well as chorea and wrist drop in the remaining patients. Post-operative arrhythmia was observed in 16 (12.8%) patients. The mortality rate was 4% (5 patients). The CPB time was 202.73 ± 36.99 minutes. Conclusions: Our post-operative results of the ASO indicate excellent results. This signifies high experience and knowledge regarding this surgery.
Profundidad, Ecología y el Movimiento de la Ecología Profunda
Authors: Valera Luca ,   Center for Environmental Philosophy, The University of North Texas
Published: September 2020

El objetivo del presente artículo es enfocarse en la idea de profundidad desarrollada por Arne Næss, que tiene que ver con su metodología de investigación y con algunas de sus implicaciones antropológicas/cosmológicas. Lejos de ser una dimensión meramente psicológica (como sostiene Warwick Fox), el tema de la profundidad es, en la filosofía de, un tema metodológico y ontológico, que fundamenta y constituye el marco teórico del Movimiento de la Ecología Profunda. No podemos interpretar el tema de la “profundidad” sin tener en cuenta la “ontología relacional” que el mismo Næss ha desarrollado, en la que el “self ecológico” constituye una “unión relacional dentro del campo total”. A partir de este punto de vista, entonces, podemos interpretar la historia del Movimiento de la Ecología Profunda (y su futuro), ilustrando su política a la luz del tema de la profundidad.
“You’re important, Jeremy, but not that important”: Personalised responses and equivocation in political interviews
Authors: Waddle Maurice , Bull Peter
Published: September 2020

This study was an assessment of personalised equivocation in political interviews, namely, politicians’ responses to questions which, in lieu of an explicit reply, are directed personally at the interviewer. Twenty-six interviews with recent UK party leaders were analysed in terms of questions, replies, and personalisation. The majority of personalised responses contained elements of criticism, although over a quarter were more amicable. For the eight featured politicians, the use of such responses was adjudged to be more about individual communicative style than their position on the political spectrum. Only one politician did not respond in this manner, indicating a more widespread use of personalisation than was previously suggested. Furthermore, an evaluation of interviewer follow-ups showed its effectiveness as a diversionary tactic in the face of troublesome questions. In terms of the proportion of questions which receive a full reply, a general reply rate analysis highlighted how recent political leaders have changed little from their predecessors.
Characterization of 3-Dimensional Printing and Casting Materials for use
in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Phantoms at 3 T
Authors: Yunker B. E. , Stupic K. F. , Wagner J. L. , Huddle S. , Shandas R. , Weir R. F. , Russek S. E. , Keenan K. E.
Published: September 2020

Imaging phantoms are used to calibrate and validate the performance of magnetic
resonance imaging (MRI) systems. Many new materials have been developed for additive
manufacturing (three-dimensional [3D] printing) processes that may be useful in the
direct printing or casting of dimensionally accurate, anatomically accurate,
patient-specific, and/or biomimetic MRI phantoms. The T1, T2, and T2* spin relaxation
times of polymer samples were tested to discover materials for use as tissue mimics and
structures in MRI phantoms. This study included a cohort of polymer compounds that was
tested in cured form. The cohort consisted of 101 standardized polymer samples
fabricated from: two-part silicones and polyurethanes used in commercial casting
processes; one-part optically cured polyurethanes used in 3D printing; and fused
deposition thermoplastics used in 3D printing. The testing was performed at 3 T using
inversion recovery, spin echo, and gradient echo sequences for T1, T2, and T2*,
respectively. T1, T2, and T2* values were plotted with error bars to allow the reader to
assess how well a polymer matches a tissue for a specific application. A correlation was
performed between T1, T2 , T2* values and material density, elongation, tensile
strength, and hardness. Two silicones, SI_XP-643 and SI_P-45, may be usable mimics for
reported liver values; one silicone, SI_XP-643, may be a useful mimic for muscle; one
silicone, SI_XP-738, may be a useful mimic for white matter; and four silicones,
SI_P-15, SI_GI-1000, SI_GI-1040, and SI_GI-1110, may be usable mimics for spinal cord.
Elongation correlated to T2 (p = 0.0007), tensile strength correlated to T1 (p = 0.002),
T2 (p = 0.0003), and T2* (p = 0.003). The 80 samples not providing measurable signal
with T1, T2, T2* relaxation values too short to measure with the standard sequences, may
be useful for MRI-invisible fixturing and medical devices at 3 T.
Forside
Authors: Lundager jensen Hans J.
Published: September 2020

Forsie og kolofon til RvT 70
The Inadequacies of Assigning “My Philosophy of Education” Statements in Teacher Education Courses
Authors: Bakker Colin , Dubensky Kate , Harvey Lyndze , McDonough Graham P.
Published: September 2020

In teacher education programs, there is a prevalent belief that having teacher candidates compose personalized ‘my philosophy of education’ (MPE) statements is a valuable exercise that prepares them for the teaching profession. This paper argues that the prevailing intentions for, and common practice of, assigning these MPE statements to teacher candidates are problematic because they distort both the discipline of philosophy and the purpose of philosophy of education courses. The argument’s first section situates the practice of assigning MPE statements within the context of teacher education programs’ strong commitments to social constructivism and the reflective practitioner, and relates the problems associated with those commitments. It then reviews literature that describes the common properties and practices of assigning MPE statements. The second and third sections then develop the arguments that MPEs rely on and reinforce distortions of philosophy as a discipline and misconceptions about the purposes of philosophy of education courses in teacher education programs. Those two arguments share a theme that MPE statements reduce philosophy and philosophizing about education to declaring and clarifying an unexamined personal commitment, and hence drift toward enabling relativism. Finally, the conclusion relates how, in conjunction with those distortions, the use of MPE statements has acquired the function of certifying a teacher’s suitability to fit within the status quo. This situation, it claims, unfortunately distracts candidates and others in the teaching profession from developing their critical philosophical skills in responding to the epistemic, moral, and political realities of education and schooling.
Plus Ça Change: The Persistence of ‘Skill Talk’ in Competency Discourse
Authors: Ruitenberg Claudia W.
Published: September 2020

Robin Barrow has critiqued the use of the concept of “skill” for a wide range of human attributes that are not skills in the precise sense he articulated, namely: “a capacity that is discrete and can be perfected through practice and exercise.” Skill talk has persisted, though today commonly under the guise of “competency discourse.” In recent years, the British Columbia Ministry of Education has implemented a new K-12 curriculum that relies heavily on “communication competency,” “thinking competency” and “personal and social competency.” Based on Barrow’s work, I critique the tendency to refer to a wide range of human qualities as “competencies.” In addition, I argue that competency discourse commits a category mistake, especially with respect to moral qualities in the “personal and social competency” domain. After taking a closer look at the area of “personal and social competency” in BC’s new curriculum, I discuss the concept of friendship as an example of an area of significance to human life that cannot be reduced to competency. I close the paper by discussing why it matters that competency discourse commits a category mistake, and why philosophers of education should resist competency discourse.
In Defense of Robin Barrow's Concern About Empirical Research in Education
Authors: Martin Jack
Published: September 2020

This paper offers a defense of Robin Barrow’s main arguments in Giving Teaching Back to Teachers, including additional material concerning the inability of the aggregate data and statistical methods employed in research in education (and research on teaching) to speak to individual teachers and students or to particular classrooms. This defense and extension of Barrow’s position is applied in a critique ofa proposal made by Lorraine Foreman-Peck in her 2004 debate with Barrow, entitled What Use is Educational Research?, published in 2005 by the Philosophy of Education Society of Great Britain. A central confusion that attends and limits much empirical research in education and social science concerns conflation of two different senses of the concept general, as “common to all” or “on average.” The havoc this confusion plays ought not be ignored or minimized by educational researchers and their advocates who tend to exaggerate the empirical regularity in social scientific data and therefore the generalizability of social science research in education and elsewhere.
Principles for assessing efficiency of implementation of a corporate strategy
Authors: Androsova Anastasiya Olegovna , Semenikhina Anna Viktorovna
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the analysis of components constituting the efficiency of corporate strategy. The authors conduct detailed examination on the key elements of a competitive strategy proposing means for its assessment, and give recommendations in assessment of the efficiency of corporate development strategy, which plays the crucial role in realization and success of the activity of any company. The object of this research is the socioeconomic component of organization. An attempt was made to establish dependence between the key economic indicators of activity of the company and successful implementation of its strategy, which allowed formulating the main principles for its assessment. In the current context, the rapid changes in external environment force the companies to build more flexible development strategies and constantly adjust them in accordance with the dictated changes. At the same time, it is important to be able to assess the existing strategy through the prism of work performance indicators. The article substantiates the need for constant monitoring and assessment of the efficiency of existing corporate development strategy; establishes connection between the goals, resources, outlook, mission of the company with its strategy; as well as suggests the principles for assessing efficiency of corporate strategy that would facilitate timely determination of problematic areas from the strategic perspective and initiate measures for their elimination, which maintain the company’s competitiveness and help achieve long-terms success.
Idea Colliders
Authors: Gorman Michael John
Published: September 2020

A provocative call for the transformation of science museums into “idea colliders” that spark creative collaborations and connections.

Today's science museums descend from the Kunst-und Wunderkammern of the Renaissance—collectors' private cabinets of curiosities—through the Crystal Palace exhibition of 1851 to today's “interactive” exhibits promising educational fun. In this book, Michael John Gorman issues a provocative call for the transformation of science museums and science centers from institutions dedicated to the transmission of cultural capital to dynamic “idea colliders” that spark creative collaborations and connections. This new kind of science museum would not stage structured tableaux of science facts but would draw scientists into conversation with artists, designers, policymakers, and the public. Rather than insulating visitors from each other with apps and audio guides, the science museum would consider each visitor a resource, bringing questions, ideas, and experiences from a unique perspective.

Gorman, founder of the trailblazing Science Gallery, describes three scenarios for science museums of the future—the Megamuseum Mall, “the Cirque de Soleil of the science museum world”; the Cloud Chamber, a local space for conversations and co-creation; and the invisible museum, digital device-driven informal science learning. He discusses hybrids that experiment with science and art and science galleries that engage with current research, encouraging connection, participation and surprise. Finally, he identifies ten key shifts in the evolution of science museums, including those from large to small, from interactive to participatory, from enclosed to porous, and from subject-specific to cross-disciplinary.
Spectral clustering of risk score trajectories stratifies sepsis patients by clinical outcome and interventions received
Authors: Liu Ran , Greenstein Joseph L , Fackler James C , Bembea Melania M , Winslow Raimond L
Published: September 2020

Sepsis is not a monolithic disease, but a loose collection of symptoms with diverse outcomes. Thus, stratification and subtyping of sepsis patients is of great importance. We examine the temporal evolution of patient state using our previously-published method for computing risk of transition from sepsis into septic shock. Risk trajectories diverge into four clusters following early prediction of septic shock, stratifying by outcome: the highest-risk and lowest-risk groups have a 76.5% and 10.4% prevalence of septic shock, and 43% and 18% mortality, respectively. These clusters differ also in treatments received and median time to shock onset. Analyses reveal the existence of a rapid (30–60 min) transition in risk at the time of threshold crossing. We hypothesize that this transition occurs as a result of the failure of compensatory biological systems to cope with infection, resulting in a bifurcation of low to high risk. Such a collapse, we believe, represents the true onset of septic shock. Thus, this rapid elevation in risk represents a potential new data-driven definition of septic shock.
Questionable research practices may have little effect on replicability
Authors: Ulrich Rolf , Miller Jeff
Published: September 2020

This article examines why many studies fail to replicate statistically significant published results. We address this issue within a general statistical framework that also allows us to include various questionable research practices (QRPs) that are thought to reduce replicability. The analyses indicate that the base rate of true effects is the major factor that determines the replication rate of scientific results. Specifically, for purely statistical reasons, replicability is low in research domains where true effects are rare (e.g., search for effective drugs in pharmacology). This point is under-appreciated in current scientific and media discussions of replicability, which often attribute poor replicability mainly to QRPs.
Transmission of West Nile and five other temperate mosquito-borne viruses peaks at temperatures between 23°C and 26°C
Authors: Shocket Marta S , Verwillow Anna B , Numazu Mailo G , Slamani Hani , Cohen Jeremy M , El Moustaid Fadoua , Rohr Jason , Johnson Leah R , Mordecai Erin A
Published: September 2020

The temperature-dependence of many important mosquito-borne diseases has never been quantified. These relationships are critical for understanding current distributions and predicting future shifts from climate change. We used trait-based models to characterize temperature-dependent transmission of 10 vector–pathogen pairs of mosquitoes (Culex pipiens, Cx. quinquefascsiatus, Cx. tarsalis, and others) and viruses (West Nile, Eastern and Western Equine Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, Sindbis, and Rift Valley Fever viruses), most with substantial transmission in temperate regions. Transmission is optimized at intermediate temperatures (23–26°C) and often has wider thermal breadths (due to cooler lower thermal limits) compared to pathogens with predominately tropical distributions (in previous studies). The incidence of human West Nile virus cases across US counties responded unimodally to average summer temperature and peaked at 24°C, matching model-predicted optima (24–25°C). Climate warming will likely shift transmission of these diseases, increasing it in cooler locations while decreasing it in warmer locations.
Enhancing Employability and e-Business Capacities for Arabic-Speaking Residents of Australia through START Online Training
Authors: Hanna Amelie , Conner Lindsey , Sweeney Trudy-Ann
Published: September 2020

Background: Arabic minority groups in Australia face language barriers and shortage of computer skills, which cause unemployment and/or an inability to establish their own businesses. The unemployment rate for this group is ~ 20.5%, which is 3-times higher than the average unemployment rate in Australia (~7%). The unemployment will get worse due to COVID-19 pandemic. The current provision of computer and language training in Australia is in English, which results in longer training times and higher chances of non-completion.

Objective: The Smart Training for Arabic Residents on Technology (START) is an interventional online bi-lingual training that assists Arabic-speaking residents of Australia to establish an online business with minimum resources (money, space, and infrastructure) or at least help them find suitable employment.

Methods: START uses Design-Based Research DBR, as it has its own progressive refinement approach. Both qualitative methods (skills assessment interviews, semi-guided observation, and final follow-up interviews) and quantitative methods (practical tests, log analysis/learning analytics, feedback surveys) contribute to evaluation and improvement cycles.

Discussion: DBR has not been applied to vocational immigrant education previously. This research project contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between educational theory, designed learning and outcomes, to help advance learning and teaching environments by refining critical factors that lead to success for trainees. Practically, Arabic residents are provided opportunities to master computer and English skills for establishing their own online businesses. This research, however, has some limitations. Usually a team of teacher, learning designer, and researcher is recommended for DBR, but that is not possible in this PhD study. It is also acknowledged that although this study aims for optimal refinement of the START program, through multiple cycles of improvement, realistically it will be difficult to “recreate” the exact learning environment in future programs.
Osteohistology and growth dynamics of the Brazilian noasauridVespersaurus paranaensisLanger et al., 2019 (Theropoda: Abelisauroidea)
Authors: Souza Geovane Alves de , Soares Marina Bento , Brum Arthur Souza , Zucolotto Maria , Sayão Juliana M. , Weinschütz Luiz Carlos , Kellner Alexander W.A.
Published: September 2020

Although the knowledge of bone histology of non-avian theropods has advanced considerably in recent decades, data about the bone tissue patterns, growth dynamics and ontogeny of some taxa such as abelisauroids are still limited. Here we describe the bone microstructure and growth dynamics of the Brazilian noasaurineVespersaurus paranaensisusing five femora and six tibiae and quantify the annual growth marks through retrocalculation of missing ones to estimate ontogenetic ages. The femoral series comprises four femoral histological classes (FHC I-IV), varying from two annuli or LAGs to seven LAGs. Femora show that sexual maturity was achieved around the seventh to tenth year of life, whereas the tibiae suggest it was earlier (around three to five years old). Tibiae represent three histological classes (THC I-III) displaying from three to nine LAGs. Two tibiae (THC III) exhibit an external fundamental system indicating that these specimens reached full skeletal size. The heterogeneous maturity observed inVespersaurushind limb bones could result from diﬀerential allometry scaling between femora and tibiae length with the body length. The predominant parallel-fibered bone matrix suggests thatVespersaurusgrew more slowly than most theropods, including other abelisauroids, in a pattern shared with the noasaurinesMasiakasaurus knopflerifrom Madagascar and CPPLIP 1490 from Brazil. This deviation from the typical theropod growth pattern may be mainly correlated with small body size, but also may related to resource limitation imposed by the arid climate prevailing in southwestern Gondwana during Cretaceous. Moreover, given the ecological and phylogenetic similarities among these taxa, such features would probably be apomorphic within Noasauridae.
Integrated jerk as an indicator of affinity for artificial agent kinematics: laptop and virtual reality experiments involving index finger motion during two-digit grasping
Authors: Hirose James , Nishikawa Atsushi , Horiba Yosuke , Inui Shigeru , Pataky Todd C.
Published: September 2020

Uncanny valley research has shown that human likeness is an important consideration when designing artificial agents. It has separately been shown that artificial agents exhibiting human-like kinematics can elicit positive perceptual responses. However the kinematic characteristics underlying that perception have not been elucidated. This paper proposes kinematic jerk amplitude as a candidate metric for kinematic human likeness, and aims to determine whether a perceptual optimum exists over a range of jerk values. We created minimum-jerk two-digit grasp kinematics in a prosthetic hand model, then added different amplitudes of temporally smooth noise to yield a variety of animations involving different total jerk levels, ranging from maximally smooth to highly jerky. Subjects indicated their perceptual affinity for these animations by simultaneously viewing two different animations side-by-side, first using a laptop, then separately within a virtual reality (VR) environment. Results suggest that (a) subjects generally preferred smoother kinematics, (b) subjects exhibited a small preference for rougher-than minimum jerk kinematics in the laptop experiment, and that (c) the preference for rougher-than minimum-jerk kinematics was amplified in the VR experiment. These results suggest that non-maximally smooth kinematics may be perceptually optimal in robots and other artificial agents.
Estimating the impact of mobility patterns on COVID-19 infection rates in 11 European countries
Authors: Bryant Patrick , Elofsson Arne
Published: September 2020

Background

As governments across Europe have issued non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) such as social distancing and school closing, the mobility patterns in these countries have changed. Most states have implemented similar NPIs at similar time points. However, it is likely different countries and populations respond differently to the NPIs and that these differences cause mobility patterns and thereby the epidemic development to change.

Methods

We build a Bayesian model that estimates the number of deaths on a given day dependent on changes in the basic reproductive number, R0, due to differences in mobility patterns. We utilise mobility data from Google mobility reports using five different categories: retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, transit stations, workplace and residential. The importance of each mobility category for predicting changes in R0 is estimated through the model.

Findings

The changes in mobility have a considerable overlap with the introduction of governmental NPIs, highlighting the importance of government action for population behavioural change. The shift in mobility in all categories shows high correlations with the death rates 1 month later. Reduction of movement within the grocery and pharmacy sector is estimated to account for most of the decrease in R0.

Interpretation

Our model predicts 3-week epidemic forecasts, using real-time observations of changes in mobility patterns, which can provide governments with direct feedback on the effects of their NPIs. The model predicts the changes in a majority of the countries accurately but overestimates the impact of NPIs in Sweden and Denmark and underestimates them in France and Belgium. We also note that the exponential nature of all epidemiological models based on the basic reproductive number, R0 cause small errors to have extensive effects on the predicted outcome.
Anatomical and Pathological Findings of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Kim Min Bum , Lim Jihyun , Moon Il Joon
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: We sought to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of measurable parameters of internal auditory canal (IAC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL).Subjects and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the patients with ISSNHL who underwent IAC MRI from January 2008 to March 2019. Measurable parameters of IAC MRI, such as the diameter of the IAC, bony cochlear nerve canal, and cross-sectional area of the cochlear nerve, were measured by a single examiner. These parameters were then compared between the affected and healthy sides. Inner-ear abnormalities such as intralabyrinthine hemorrhage or labyrinthitis were also evaluated. The relationship between the surveyed parameters and the diagnosis of ISSNHL was assessed.Results: A total of 208 patients with ISSNHL were included. The measured parameters of IAC MRI were not different between the affected and healthy sides and were also not associated with the diagnosis of ISSNHL. However, inner-ear abnormalities of IAC MRI in ISSNHL displayed a significant association with worse hearing before and after treatment. An age that was older than 40 years also correlated with poorer outcomes. Further, inner-ear abnormalities were more frequently detected when IAC MRI was performed early after ISSNHL onset.Conclusions: Patients with ISSNHL and inner ear abnormalities such as intralabyrinthine hemorrhage or labyrinthitis identified via IAC MRI may experience poorer hearing outcomes. To detect such abnormal findings, it is recommended to perform IAC MRI early after the onset of ISSNHL.
A Study of Tourism Development Influence on QoL – Perceptions of Alishan Indigenous Tribes in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Hsiao-Ming , Hung Chiu-Hui , Huang Yen-Chen Huang
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of indigenous people’s perceived the quality of life (QoL) on the tribe in the process of tourism development. In the survey, 8 tribes in Alishan were selected as the research objects, and a total of 827 valid questionnaires were collected through random sampling based on the proportion of each tribe's households. After statistical analysis, the findings of this study are as follows: 1. In terms of the influence on QoL, indigenous people’s perceived higher are "I am proud of our tribe". 2. Different demographic variables have an influence on the perceived QoL of indigenous peoples. 3. Those whose family work has nothing to do with the tourism industry have a higher perception of the influence on the QoL. Based on the above findings, this study not only gives suggestions to indigenous tribes and tourism sectors of the government, but also puts forward specific research reference directions for future tribal tourism researchers.