bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drought and Pluvial Dipole Events within the Great Plains of the United States
Authors: Christian Jordan , Christian Katarina , Basara Jeffrey B.
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to quantify dipole events (a drought year followed by a pluvial year) for various spatial scales including the nine Oklahoma climate divisions and the author-defined regions of the U.S. Southern Great Plains (SGP), High Plains (HP), and Northern Great Plains (NGP). Analyses revealed that, on average, over twice as many standard deviation (STDEV) dipoles existed in the latter half of the dataset (1955–2013) relative to the first half (1896–1954), suggesting that dramatic increases in precipitation from one year to the next within the Oklahoma climate divisions are increasing with time. For the larger regions within the Great Plains of the United States, the percent chance of a significant pluvial year following a significant drought year was approximately 25% of the time for the SGP and NGP and approximately 16% of the time for the HP. The STDEV dipole analyses further revealed that the frequency of dipoles was consistent between the first and second half of the dataset for the NGP and HP but was increasing with time in the SGP. The temporal periods of anomalous precipitation during relative pluvial years within the STDEV dipole events were unique for each region whereby October occurred most frequently (70%) within the SGP, September occurred most frequently (60%) within the HP, and May occurred most frequently (62%) within the NGP.
Modeling Turbulent Subglacial Meltwater Plumes: Implications for Fjord-Scale Buoyancy-Driven Circulation
Authors: Carroll Dustin , Sutherland David A. , Shroyer Emily L. , Nash Jonathan D. , Catania Ginny A. , Stearns Leigh A.
Published: June 2015

Fjord-scale circulation forced by rising turbulent plumes of subglacial meltwater has been identified as one possible mechanism of oceanic heat transfer to marine-terminating outlet glaciers. This study uses buoyant plume theory and a nonhydrostatic, three-dimensional ocean–ice model of a typical outlet glacier fjord in west Greenland to investigate the sensitivity of meltwater plume dynamics and fjord-scale circulation to subglacial discharge rates, ambient stratification, turbulent diffusivity, and subglacial conduit geometry. The terminal level of a rising plume depends on the cumulative turbulent entrainment and ambient stratification. Plumes with large vertical velocities penetrate to the free surface near the ice face; however, midcolumn stratification maxima create a barrier that can trap plumes at depth as they flow downstream. Subglacial discharge is varied from 1–750 m3 s−1; large discharges result in plumes with positive temperature and salinity anomalies in the upper water column. For these flows, turbulent entrainment along the ice face acts as a mechanism to vertically transport heat and salt. These results suggest that plumes intruding into stratified outlet glacier fjords do not always retain the cold, fresh signature of meltwater but may appear as warm, salty anomalies. Fjord-scale circulation is sensitive to subglacial conduit geometry; multiple point source and line plumes result in stronger return flows of warm water toward the glacier. Classic plume theory provides a useful estimate of the plume’s outflow depth; however, more complex models are needed to resolve the fjord-scale circulation and melt rates at the ice face.
Refugee camp narratives: The role of ‘eye-witness testimony’ in journalists’ travel accounts
Authors: Kohn Ayelet
Published: June 2015

This article examines three narrative formats which Israeli journalists use to describe their tours in Palestinian refugee camps. The article aims to suggest possibilities for reporting patterns, carefully framing a sense of urgency, which attempt to form a right measure of proximity and distance from the sufferers which might motivate audiences into action. The discussion focuses on three narratives, one literary and the other an article which was published in a popular Israeli journal, both unique in their deliberate emphasis on writing style and their reflection of the ongoing tension between the reporters’ professional, creative and national identities. The third format is a testimony, given by the narrator in Ari Folman’s animated film Waltz with Bashir (2008). The film ends with a few minutes of documented events, filmed at Sabra and Shatila refugee camp in Lebanon in 1982. While all three narratives use direct showing, personal testimonies and a variety of written, illustrated and photographed portraits, the written narratives focus on the reporters’ central role and on the Israeli readers, while Waltz with Bashir challenges the possible feeling of guilt on the Israeli side and invokes the viewer’s human empathy through a direct encounter with personal comments and shocking images.
Beyond capitalism and liberal democracy: On the relevance of GDH Cole’s sociological critique and alternative
Authors: Masquelier Charles , Dawson Matt
Published: June 2015

This article argues for a return to the social thought of the often ignored early 20th-century English thinker GDH Cole. The authors contend that Cole combined a sociological critique of capitalism and liberal democracy with a well-developed alternative in his work on guild socialism bearing particular relevance to advanced capitalist societies. Both of these, with their focus on the limitations on ‘free communal service’ in associations and the inability of capitalism to yield emancipation in either production or consumption, are relevant to social theorists looking to understand, critique and contribute to the subversion of neoliberalism. Therefore, the authors suggest that Cole’s associational sociology, and the invitation it provides to think of formations beyond capitalism and liberal democracy, is a timely and valuable resource which should be returned to.
Managing Epidemic: The British Approach to 1918–1919 Influenza in Lagos
Authors: Oluwasegun Jimoh Mufutau
Published: June 2015

This paper examines how the British managed the 1918–1919 influenza epidemic in Lagos, the reactions of the local population to new sanitary and medical policies enforced during the period, and its social and political implications for future epidemic management in the colony. Unlike several studies which approach the history of the pandemic from global and national perspectives, a focus on Lagos, the colonial capital of Nigeria, one of Britain’s most important colonies provides this paper with a rare opportunity to engage with how local peculiarities informed decisions about the resolution of a global problem. Lagos is chosen as the terrain for discussion because of the ample data generated about it in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries (not just between European missionaries and the indigenous Lagosians, but also for other influential cultural and ethnic groups such as the Saro and Amaro (migrants from Brazil), and the Indian influence on medical policies in Lagos).
Discovering the Lost Ark of Possibilities
Authors: Keown Daniel J.
Published: June 2015

Conventional music learning in schools could benefit from the study of the music from films, television, and video games. This article offers practical applications for including film music as an outlet for analysis, an interdisciplinary compositional art form, a viable teaching tool, and an authentic performance/production experience. Music educators in both performance-based and non–performance-based settings will learn ways film music can serve as a tool for fostering rigorous critical thinking skills via analysis, broadening creativity through composition and production experiences, and offering a platform for artistic reflection. A list of print and online resources devoted to film music is included.
Singing Polyphony
Authors: Wang Jui-Ching
Published: June 2015

Polyphony, often used to describe a type of composition in early European music, is also practiced in other parts of the world, not only for aesthetic enjoyment but also to strengthen a society’s cohesiveness. Examples of such musical traditions are found in sub-Saharan Africa and many mountainous regions of Europe, where group singing or music-making is part of the communal lifestyle. However, polyphony in Asian music, especially in East Asia, is rarely discussed. This article introduces two polyphonic singing traditions in East Asia: in the Wa people of southwest China and the Thao people of Taiwan. Members of these groups frequently use polyphonic techniques such as canonic imitation, antiphonal singing, melodic ostinato, or drone to accompany many sociocultural events. This article provides guidelines and teaching strategies for music educators to implement the interdisciplinary lessons in their classroom.
Constructing national identity: Depictions of national and international space in Second World War Greek popular iconography
Authors: Efstathiadou Anna
Published: June 2015

This paper discusses artistic representations of space in relation to constructions of national identity in Second World War popular icons (λαϊκές εικόνες). Due to their origins, name and production by private initiative rather than state directive, popular icons were not directly associated with propaganda or seen as means of state ideology. This paper argues that they are valuable primary sources that need to be studied in their own right, as carriers of official ideas in wartime that can contribute to understandings of cultural belonging in modern Greece, especially in reference to representations of space.
Compulsory reduced working time in Belarus: Incidence, operation and consequences
Authors: Danilovich Hanna , Croucher Richard , Makovskaya Natalia
Published: June 2015

This article examines compulsory reduced working time (CRWT) in five Belarusian factories, to assess its impact on employment relationships and evaluate arguments about ‘Soviet legacies’ and labour ‘patience’. Local use of CRWT increased between 2001 and 2012, and took a form more inimical to worker interests, thereby differing from official macro statistics. Managers expressed discontent at being pushed by state policy to use CRWT, but used it as a disciplinary tool. Workers perceived worsening work relationships and threats of collective response were in evidence. Arguments about ‘Soviet legacies’ and labour’s ‘patience’ therefore currently appear inappropriate.
Judging Political Hearts and Minds
Authors: Cornwell James F. M. , Bajger Allison T. , Higgins E. Tory
Published: June 2015

We investigated how judgments of political messengers depend upon what would benefit one’s preferred candidate. In Study 1a, participants were asked to evaluate the warmth and competence of the writer of a pro- or anti-Obama political message for the 2012 presidential election (Obama/warm; Romney/competent). When judging the messages, warmth was emphasized by Democrats and competence by Republicans. Study 1b replicated these effects for messages about Romney as well. Study 2 examined the 2004 presidential election where perceptions of the party candidates’ warmth and competence reversed (Bush/warm; Kerry/competent). There competence was emphasized by Democrats and warmth by Republicans. Study 3 showed that varying the warmth and competence of each party’s prospective candidates for the 2016 election influences whether warmth or competence is emphasized by Democrats or Republicans. Thus, differences between Republicans and Democrats in emphasizing warmth or competence reflect a dynamic motivated cognition that is tailored to benefit their preferred candidate.
Right ventricular wall abscess in structurally normal heart after leg osteomyelitis: First case
Authors: Ahmad Tanveer , Pasarad Ashwini Kumar , Kishore Kolkebaile Sadanand , Maheshwarappa Nandakumar Neralakere
Published: June 2015

A 3-year-old girl presented with fever and acute dyspnea for 4 days. She had suffered an injury to the left lower leg 3 weeks earlier, with abscess formation. Magnetic resonance imaging showed osteomyelitis of the lower tibia. Echocardiography showed a mass in the right ventricular wall. She underwent concomitant heart surgery for removal of the right ventricular mass and limb arthrotomy. We believe this is a first reported case in which a ventricular wall abscess developed in a structurally normal heart following leg osteomyelitis.
About a challenging mediastinal tumor
Authors: Mlika Mona , Braham Emna , Hamrouni Rim , Zribi Hazem , El Mezni Faouzi
Published: June 2015

Mediastinal hemangiomas are rare, accounting for 0.5% of all mediastinal tumors. These tumors are challenging because of the lack of specific clinical and radiologic signs. We report a 10-year experience of 5 mediastinal hemangiomas in a single institution, with neurologic signs related to neuroforaminal extension in 2 cases. Surgical treatment was performed in all 5 patients, without complications after a follow-up period varying from 9 months to 2 years.
Exploring the Instructional Value and Worth of a MOOC
Authors: MacDonald Patrick , Ahern Terence C.
Published: June 2015

Technology offers new and innovative ways to deliver learning such as the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). The MOOC offers institutes of higher education a potential delivery method for delivering online learning. This study utilized a qualitative method to gather and analyze an active observer's experience within a MOOC. The results aligned with the current literature, demonstrating that MOOCs have potential as an educational tool, but careful consideration should be placed in what a participant values and finds worthwhile. Findings indicate that creating a worthwhile experience includes consideration of time constraints, consistence in delivery, and audience analysis.
A Critical Examination of the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Framework
Authors: Stoilescu Dorian
Published: June 2015

This study explores the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for three experienced mathematics secondary teachers from a Toronto public school. By using a multiple case study, teachers' attitudes, skills, and approaches toward the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in classrooms are described. By being aware of the three main facets of TPACK (technological, pedagogical, and mathematical aspects), the relative importance of each component and their intersections were scrutinized. Although from the same school, the teachers had very different conducts of showing their integration of ICT in mathematical pedagogy and therefore, their TPACK was different. Teachers demonstrated various strategies and different paces of adopting ICT: One teacher was a later adapter of ICT with strong emphasis in pedagogy, a second teacher was an early adapter of ICT with focus on finding an adequate technical support for mathematical content, and the third teacher was a very early adopter of ICT with extraordinary capabilities to reflect on the mathematics curriculum and continuingly adapt to his classrooms' needs. It was noticed that the teachers integrated technology to (a) help them describe the concepts to students; (b) motivate students to learn mathematics; (c) give students opportunities to experiment with mathematical concepts and skills; (d) assess, evaluate, and provide feedback to student's work, and (e) help them communicate mathematical solutions. Overall, the framework shows consistency in tracing their assorted routines of integrating technology in various classroom contexts. In the end, some considerations and insights on the potential of the TPACK framework are provided.
A Test of Spatial Contiguity for Virtual Human’s Gestures in Multimedia Learning Environments
Authors: Craig Scotty D. , Twyford Jessica , Irigoyen Norma , Zipp Sarah A.
Published: June 2015

Virtual humans are becoming an easily available and popular component of multimedia learning that are often used in online learning environments. There is still a need for systematic research into their effectiveness. The current study investigates the positioning of a virtual human’s gestures when guiding the learner through a multimedia presentation. Using predictions based on the spatial contiguity principle of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning, learners were presented with a multimedia environment presented by a virtual human that did not gesture to guide the learning, gestured with item-specific gestures, or made general gestures close to the item area. The study randomly assigned 77 participants to one of the three conditions. The results indicated that having an agent perform gestures that are specifically targeting the elements discussed or in close vicinity can improve retention. These findings are taken as partial support for of the application of the spatial contiguity principle to virtual humans within multimedia environments.
Treatment of an Anonymous Recipient
Authors: Wu Ko-Chiu , Huang Po-Yuan
Published: June 2015

This study developed a game simulation based on problem solving in the management of urban waste. We then investigated the factors affecting the decisions made by players. During gameplay, the players sought to guide the development of a city via management strategies involving a balance of economic growth and environmental protection. Nature served as an anonymous recipient of the pollution caused by the actions of players. Within a very limited time period, the players had to determine the degree to which they could conserve nature, learn the limits of growth, and develop insight into the dynamic operations necessary to manage a clean city. It was found that the 34 Taiwanese undergraduate students valued economic growth highly and were willing to sacrifice nature for the sake of progress. In contrast, 35 students from Taiwanese elementary schools tended to strive for a balance between conserving nature and promoting economic growth through the building of sustainable houses that produce less pollution. However, this led to an inappropriate allocation of resources, embodying a self-interested ethos. This game taught players about the costs associated with waste processing as well as the values of fairness and reciprocity, particularly with regard to resource utilization and solid-waste management.
College Students Use Videos More than Photo Slideshows
Authors: Yang Jin , Pavelko Rachelle , Utt Sandra H.
Published: June 2015

A survey of college students finds that key motivations for using photo slideshows on news websites were realistic content, relaxation, interactivity and learning, while connection with others/realism and relaxation inspired video use on these websites. College students tend to view videos on the news sites more often than photo slideshows
West Nile Meningoencephalitis Presenting as Isolated Bulbar Palsy With Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Tso Geoffrey , Kaldas Kirsten , Springer Joseph , Barot Nikhil , Kamangar Nader
Published: June 2015

Background:

Since the outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in the United States in 1999, the WNV neuroinvasive disease has been increasingly reported with a wide spectrum of neuromuscular manifestations. Case: We submit a case of a 46-year-old male with a history of alcohol abuse, diabetes, hypertension, and hepatitis C who presented with fever, nausea, shortness of breath, and dysphagia. The patient rapidly developed hypercapnic respiratory failure and was found to have WNV meningoencephalitis without obvious neuromuscular weakness. His hospital course was significant for repeated failures of extubation secondary to persistent bulbar weakness eventually requiring tracheotomy.

Conclusion:

This is a unique case of WNV meningoencephalitis with bulbar palsy without other neuromuscular manifestations resulting in recurrent hypercapnic respiratory failure.
Development of lattice-inserted 5-Fluorouracil-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a chemotherapeutic delivery system
Authors: Tseng Ching-Li , Chen Jung-Chih , Wu Yu-Chun , Fang Hsu-Wei , Lin Feng-Huei , Tang Tzu-Piao
Published: June 2015

Developing an effective vehicle for cancer treatment, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were fabricated for drug delivery. When 5-Fluorouracil, a major chemoagent, is combined with hydroxyapatite nanocarriers by interclay insertion, the modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles have superior lysosomal degradation profiles, which could be leveraged as controlled drug release. The decomposition of the hydroxyapatite nanocarriers facilitates the release of 5-Fluorouracil into the cytoplasm causing cell death. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with/without 5-Fluorouracil were synthesized and analyzed in this study. Their crystallization properties and chemical composition were examined by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy. The 5-Fluorouracil release rate was determined by UV spectroscopy. The biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracil extraction solution was assessed using 3T3 cells via a WST-8 assay. The effect of hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracil particles which directly work on the human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells was evaluated by a lactate dehydrogenase assay via contact cultivation. A 5-Fluorouracil-absorbed hydroxyapatite particles were also tested. Overall, hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracils were prepared using a co-precipitation method wherein 5-Fluorouracil was intercalated in the hydroxyapatite lattice as determined by X-ray diffraction. Energy dispersive scanning examination showed the 5-Fluorouracil content was higher in hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracil than in a prepared absorption formulation. With 5-Fluorouracil insertion in the lattice, the widths of the a and c axial constants of the hydroxyapatite crystal increased. The extraction solution of hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracil was nontoxic to 3T3 cells, in which 5-Fluorouracil was not released in a neutral phosphate buffer solution. In contrast, at a lower pH value (2.5), 5-Fluorouracil was released by the acidic decomposition of hydroxyapatite. Finally, the results of the lactate dehydrogenase assay revealed that 5-Fluorouracil-hydroxyapatite was highly toxic to A549 cells through direct culture, this phenomenon may result from lysosomal decomposition of particles causing 5-Fluorouracil releasing. The pH-responsive hydroxyapatite-5-Fluorouracil nanoparticles have the potential to be part of a selective drug-delivery system in chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
Understanding the Role of School Connectedness and Its Association With Violent Attitudes and Behaviors Among an Ethnically Diverse Sample of Youth
Authors: Chung-Do Jane J. , Goebert Deborah A. , Hamagani Fumiaki , Chang Janice Y. , Hishinuma Earl S.
Published: June 2015

Interpersonal youth violence is a growing public health concern in the United States. Having a high sense of school connectedness has been found to be a protective factor for youth violence. A high school course that aims to enhance school connectedness was developed and evaluated to investigate the students’ sense of school connectedness and its association with violent attitudes and behaviors. Survey data from 598 students from a predominately Asian and Pacific Islander student body were analyzed to assess their level of school connectedness and violent attitudes and behaviors. Analysis of Variance was used to identify differences in the school connectedness and violence scores related to students’ demographic characteristics. The role of school connectedness in the relationship between student demographic characteristics and violent attitudes and behaviors was examined with structural equation modeling. Overall, students reported a moderately high sense of school connectedness. School connectedness was found to be negatively associated with violent attitudes but not self-reported violent behaviors. Multiple-group analyses were conducted across the ethnic groups, which found differential associations between the school connectedness and violence variables. These results highlight the value of disaggregating the Asian and Pacific Islander category and the need for future research to further contextualize and clarify the relationship between school connectedness and interpersonal youth violence. This will help inform the development of evidence-based strategies and prevention programming that focus on school connectedness to address disparities in interpersonal youth violence outcomes.
“They’ll Always Find a Way to Get to You”: Technology Use in Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Its Role in Dating Violence and Abuse
Authors: Stonard Karlie E. , Bowen Erica , Walker Kate , Price Shelley A.
Published: June 2015

Electronic communication technology (ECT), such as mobile phones and online communication tools, is widely used by adolescents; however, the availability of such tools may have both positive and negative impacts within the context of romantic relationships. While an established literature has documented the nature, prevalence, and impact of traditional forms of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA), limited empirical investigation has focused on the role of ECT in ADVA or what shall be termed technology-assisted adolescent dating violence and abuse (TAADVA) and how adolescents perceive the impact of TAADVA relative to ADVA. In this article, the authors explore the role ECT plays in adolescent romantic relationships and psychologically abusive and controlling ADVA behaviors and its perceived impact. An opportunity sample of 52 adolescents (22 males and 30 females) between the ages of 12 and 18 years participated in the study. One all-female and seven mixed-gendered semi-structured focus groups were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify three superordinate themes, including (a) perceived healthy versus unhealthy communication, (b) perceived monitoring and controlling communication, and (c) perceived impact of technology-assisted abuse compared with that in person. While ECTs had a positive impact on the development and maintenance of adolescent romantic relationships, such tools also provided a new avenue for unhealthy, harassment, monitoring, and controlling behaviors within these relationships. ECT was also perceived to provide unique impacts in terms of making TAADVA seem both less harmful and more harmful than ADVA experienced in person. Adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of ECT in romantic relationships and TAADVA may also vary be gender. Implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.
Design process for robotic medical tool guidance manipulators
Authors: Nouaille L , Laribi MA , Nelson CA , Essomba T , Poisson G , Zeghloul S
Published: June 2015

This paper deals with the design process adapted to medical robots. The large diversity of kinematic architectures that can be encountered in medical robotics leads us to seek a robust method dedicated to tool-guidance medical robot design. First, we detail a proposed design process adapted especially for handling the inherent needs in tool-guidance in medical robotics. This proposed method ties together the phases of the design process with their respective tools. We describe the spectrum of medical robots and particularly the variety of kinematic architectures used. Each phase of the design process is detailed through application examples in the domains of tele-echography and minimally invasive surgery, which exhibit a number of commonalities. The use of tools for accomplishing the various steps of the design process is detailed, with emphasis on medical gesture analysis. This is followed by topological and dimensional synthesis. This study illustrates how the type of medical robot can impose specific requirements and a particular approach in the design process. We expect through this paper to bring a significant contribution to the design of medical tool-guidance robots and to facilitate their integration in the clinical environment. The main contribution of this work is to propose a design process method for robotic medical tool-guidance manipulators.
Syphilis detection: evaluation of serological screening and pilot reverse confirmatory assay algorithm in blood donors
Authors: Sommese Linda , Paolillo Rossella , Sabia Chiara , Costa Dario , De Pascale Maria Rosaria , Iannone Carmela , Esposito Antonella , Schiano Concetta , Napoli Claudio
Published: June 2015

Serological assays are still considered the most useful tests in the diagnosis of syphilis. Since no single serological assay is able to provide a satisfactory result, in our laboratory we have evaluated the usefulness of a commercially-available immunoblot to diagnose syphilis infection among blood donors. From October 2012 to June 2013, 4572 blood donors were screened for syphilis with an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA). To confirm the presence of treponemal antibodies, CMIA-reactive sera were tested by standard Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA). In addition, an alternative confirmatory test – the immunoblot INNO-LIA assay was introduced in our laboratory. Since two additional positives among CMIA-reactive-TPHA-negative samples were found, we concluded that the INNO-LIA immunoblot allowed a better detection of syphilis compared to TPHA. A confirmatory strategy based on the use of two treponemal assays could meet the screening requirements for blood donors as well as in our centre.
Impact of switching from lopinavir/ritonavir to boosted and un-boosted atazanavir on glucose metabolism: the ATAzanavir & GLUcose metabolism (ATAGLU) study
Authors: d’Ettorre Gabriella , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Zaccarelli Mauro , Ascoli-Bartoli Tommaso , Bianchi Luigi , Bellelli Valeria , De Girolamo Gabriella , Serafino Sara , Giustini Noemi , Mastroianni Claudio M , Vullo Vincenzo
Published: June 2015

Previous studies have reported that protease inhibitors (PIs) can contribute to glycaemic alterations. However, there are few trials examining the direct effect of a single PI. The objective of the study was to evaluate the modifications of glucose and lipid profiles after a switch from lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) to atazanavir, used as ritonavir-boosted (ATV/r) or un-boosted. We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study on the effect of ATV/(r) on glycaemic metabolism (ATAGLU) in patients with undetectable levels of HIV-RNA who switched from LPV/r. In total, 235 patients treated for 48 weeks with LPV/r plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and with undetectable HIV-RNA were included: 134 continued LPV/r after the initial 48 weeks and 101 switched to ATV(/r) (18.3% to ATV; 24.7% to ATV/r). A significant decrease in mean glucose level and insulin resistance was observed in patients who switched to ATV(/r). The mean cholesterol triglyceride levels increased in the LPV/r group and decreased among the patients who switched. A significant increase of CD4 T cells with undetectable levels of HIV-RNA was observed in all groups. The long-term results obtained in this real-life study suggest that patients who have achieved initial suppression on a regimen including LPV/r + two NRTIs can switch to ATV/(r) + two NRTIs with an improvement in lipid and glycaemic metabolism.
Factors Enabling Access to HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing for Key Affected Populations in Thailand
Authors: Thepthien Bang-on , Srivanichakorn Supattra , Apipornchaisakul Kanya
Published: June 2015

The objective was to study the factors that enabled persons at risk of HIV to obtain voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) in Thailand. This research was a cross-sectional study and data were collected during May to July 2013 in 8, purposively selected provinces. The method for selecting respondents used time-location quota sampling to achieve a total sample of 751 persons. The proportion who had VCT in the year prior to the survey was 56%.The significant enabling factors associated with VCT were having someone encourage them to go for testing and receiving information about VCT In addition, other significant factors for female sex workers were self-assessed risk for HIV and having had risk behavior, and for men who have sex with men the factors were awareness of eligibility for VCT. Thus, in order to achieve the VCT target for higher risk populations by 2016, there should be special mechanisms to inform the different groups, along with improvements in outreach services to make VCT more convenient for key affected populations.
Contributory Factors for Severe Maternal Morbidity
Authors: Noor Norhayati Mohd , Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina , Sulaiman Zaharah , Abdul Razak Asrenee
Published: June 2015

Maternal morbidity is a concept of increasing interest in maternal health. This review aims to assess the contributory factors for severe maternal morbidity over the past one decade worldwide. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted. The search was restricted to articles written in the English language published from 2004 to 2013. Qualitative studies were excluded. A total of 24 full articles were retrieved of which 9 cohort, 7 case–control, 3 cross-sectional studies, and 5 unmentioned designs were included. The contributory factors were divided into 3 components: ( a) sociodemographic characteristics, ( b) medical and gynecological history, and ( c) past and present obstetric performance. This review informs emerging knowledge regarding contributory factors for severe maternal morbidity and has implications for education, clinical practice and intervention. It enables a better understanding of the problem and serves as a foundation for the development of an effective preventive strategy for maternal morbidity and mortality.
Whole genome sequence analysis of circulating Bluetongue virus serotype 11 strains from the United States including two domestic canine isolates
Authors: Gaudreault Natasha N. , Jasperson Dane C. , Dubovi Edward J. , Johnson Donna J. , Ostlund Eileen N. , Wilson William C.
Published: June 2015

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-transmitted pathogen that typically infects and causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants. BTV is also known to infect domestic canines as discovered when dogs were vaccinated with a BTV-contaminated vaccine. Canine BTV infections have been documented through serological surveys, and natural infection by the Culicoides vector has been suggested. The report of isolation of BTV serotype 11 (BTV-11) from 2 separate domestic canine abortion cases in the states of Texas in 2011 and Kansas in 2012, were apparently unrelated to BTV-contaminated vaccination or consumption of BTV-contaminated raw meat as had been previously speculated. To elucidate the origin and relationship of these 2 domestic canine BTV-11 isolates, whole genome sequencing was performed. Six additional BTV-11 field isolates from Texas, Florida, and Washington, submitted for diagnostic investigation during 2011 and 2013, were also fully sequenced and analyzed. The phylogenetic analysis indicates that the BTV-11 domestic canine isolates are virtually identical, and both share high identity with 2 BTV-11 isolates identified from white-tailed deer in Texas in 2011. The results of the current study further support the hypothesis that a BTV-11 strain circulating in the Midwestern states could have been transmitted to the dogs by the infected Culicoides vector. Our study also expands the short list of available BTV-11 sequences, which may aid BTV surveillance and epidemiology.
Long-term survival in a dog with meningoencephalitis and epidural abscessation due to Actinomyces species
Authors: Song Rachel B. , Vitullo Carina A. , da Costa Ronaldo C. , Daniels Joshua B.
Published: June 2015

A 2-year-old, female spayed Golden Retriever dog was presented to The Ohio State University Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation of ataxia, cervical pain, 1 episode of acute collapse, dull mentation, and inappetence. Physical examination revealed an elevated temperature of 39.7°C and severe cervical pain. Blood work revealed a mature neutrophilia. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis revealed nondegenerative neutrophilic pleocytosis with no infectious agents. A presumptive diagnosis of steroid-responsive meningitis–arteritis was made, and corticosteroid therapy was started. The patient improved initially but experienced a vestibular episode characterized by falling and vertical nystagmus. A magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed an epidural abscess in the cervical vertebral canal and diffuse meningeal enhancement in the brain and cranial cervical spine. Abscess drainage revealed degenerate neutrophils and several filamentous, branching organisms. Culture of the initial CSF using an enrichment broth revealed growth of a Gram-positive organism 5 days after fluid collection. The isolate was identified by partial 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing as Actinomyces spp. The patient was successfully treated with long-term antibiotics. Our study reports the long-term survival after medical treatment of bacterial meningoencephalitis and epidural abscessation due to Actinomyces sp. infection in a dog. Bacterial meningoencephalitis should be included as a differential diagnosis in patients with cervical pain and fever, even when a nondegenerative neutrophilic pleocytosis is found on CSF analysis. Culture of the CSF with use of an enrichment broth should be considered in all cases of neutrophilic pleocytosis to rule out infections of the central nervous system.
REM
Authors: Power Tamara , Virdun Claudia , Sherwood Juanita , Parker Nicola , Van Balen Jane , Gray Joanne , Jackson Debra
Published: June 2015

The well-documented health disparities between the Australian Indigenous and non-Indigenous population mandates a comprehensive response from health professionals. This article outlines the approach taken by one faculty of health in a large urban Australian university to enhance cultural competence in students from a variety of fields. Here we outline a collaborative and deeply respectful process of Indigenous and non-Indigenous university staff collectively developing a model that has framed the embedding of a common faculty Indigenous graduate attribute across the curriculum. Through collaborative committee processes, the development of the principles of “Respect; Engagement and sharing; Moving forward” (REM) has provided both a framework and way of “being and doing” our work. By drawing together the recurring principles and qualities that characterize Indigenous cultural competence the result will be students and staff learning and bringing into their lives and practice, important Indigenous cultural understanding.
Simple Steps for Teaching Prepositions to Students with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hicks S. Christy , Rivera Christopher J. , Patterson Dawn R.
Published: June 2015

The acquisition of receptive and expressive language skills by students with autism and developmental disabilities (DD) is often delayed, thus making the process of communicating with others challenging. Some students develop language skills incidentally through conversations with their families and peers, but others require instruction in specific aspects of language to build their communicative repertoire. Preposition comprehension is a critical component for the development of language that is meaningful for both academic and functional purposes. The use of a direct instruction script may be a way to improve preposition comprehension for students with autism and DD. This column provides an overview of this script, materials, and procedures and additional tips for efficiently teaching prepositions to this population of students.
A Quantitative Study of Graduate Student Grief Experiences
Authors: Varga Mary Alice
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of grief among graduate students, the effects of their grief, types of support utilized, and risk of prolonged grief disorder. Approximately 26% of graduate students ( N = 1,575) experienced the loss of a significant person or pet in their lives within the past 24 months. Graduate students reported various grief effects, primarily emotional effects, and utilized support predominantly from family and friends. Only a small percentage (0.5%) of graduate students met the criteria for prolonged grief disorder; however, each student also reported being diagnosed with other mental health illnesses. Implications of these findings are provided, along with recommendations for future research.
The Rhizome of the Deaf Child
Authors: Valente Joseph Michael , Boldt Gail M.
Published: June 2015

This article provides an analysis of the binary construction of human communication as it is represented in the debates about pediatric cochlear implantation. While the authors express their concern about interests that promote pathologizing assumptions about deafness and downplay the known challenges and limitations of cochlear implants, their goal in this article is to call attention to the complex and diverse ways deaf children and adults experience their communicative difference. Drawing from disability studies, deaf studies, the work of Deleuze and Guattari, and Charles Garoian’s 2013 The Prosthetic Pedagogy of Art, the authors scrutinize binary conceptualizations of spoken language and sign language, and deaf/Deaf and hearing. In place of binaries, the authors explore human communication in ways that denaturalize boundaries between, across, and within deaf and hearing communities. The authors draw from Garoian to tie Deleuze and Guattari’s notion of “anomaly” to Snoddon and Underwood’s 2013 discussion of “plurilingualism” to argue that communicative competence is always relational, emergent, and constantly shifting and that which is positioned as anomalous is that which simultaneously creates potential for the emergence of new ways of being. The authors invite readers to “enter the rhizome” and “navigate in-between spaces where bodies as multiplicities can thrive.”
Concerns of parents and teachers of children with autism in elementary school
Authors: Azad Gazi , Mandell David S
Published: June 2015

Many consensus guidelines encourage parents and teachers to openly communicate about their concerns regarding their children. These guidelines attest to the importance of achieving consensus about what issues are most critical and how to address them. The purpose of this study was to examine whether parents and teachers (1) agree about their concerns for their children with autism and (2) when given the opportunity, whether they discussed these concerns. Participants were 39 parent–teacher dyads of children with autism in kindergarten-through-fifth grade autism support classrooms. Each parent and teacher was interviewed separately about their concerns and then observed together in a discussion about the child. Parents and teachers generally agreed about their primary and secondary concerns. When given an opportunity to communicate their concerns, 49% of the parent–teacher dyads discussed problems that neither reported as their primary concern, and 31% discussed problems that neither reported as their primary or secondary concern. These findings suggest that interventions should target parent–teacher communication, rather than agreement, to facilitate home–school collaboration.
Architecture of primary schools in Serbia in the 21st century: A critical appraisal
Authors: Brković Marta
Published: June 2015

Since 2000, when education reform in Serbia began education goals, teachers’ training, curriculum and teaching/learning methods have been modernised and improved. However, a closer examination of the schools built from 2000 onwards reveals that architectural design of primary schools rests on standardised school design schemes from socialist Yugoslavian period, and it is not developed in synchrony with the latest education reform changes. This article presents the developments in the field of primary school design in Serbia from 2000 until today and explains their historical precedents. It also reviews contemporary international research that criticises standardised school designs due to the ever-progressing understanding of how pupils learn and develop. This article ends by proposing the necessary steps for developing a 21st-century school design strategy for Serbia, as well as what should such strategy entail.
Freedom in the code: The anthropology of (double) morality
Authors: Heywood Paolo
Published: June 2015

This essay engages with current debates in the anthropology of ethics regarding the relationship between freedom and moral codes. By describing a particular understanding of the Italian concept of doppia morale (double morality) amongst LGBTQ activists in Bologna, and applying it to a number of examples, I show how it is possible to relate to moral codes or injunctions in such a way as to allow for their betrayal in certain circumstances. This claim – that one may subscribe to a code in a manner that allows for it to be broken – supports another that is foundational to some variants of the anthropology of ethics: that freedom does not lie merely in the absence of rules.
Ethics without immanence: A reply to Michael Lambek
Authors: Lempert Michael
Published: June 2015

A virtue of the turn called ‘ordinary ethics’ is that it can steer us toward the often tacit and seemingly pervasive presence of ethics in everyday social practice. Yet what is the status of this presence? Is ethics somehow intrinsic to discursive interaction, as suggested by Michael Lambek and by earlier writers ranging from Goffman to Habermas? I argue that ordinary ethics’ notion of ethical immanence poses risks for the anthropology of ethics. This notion indulges an old desire to trace ethics back to its roots, to some purportedly singular, determinate ‘source’ – here, a disciplinary defined object of knowledge like ‘interaction’ or ‘language’. The notion also risks making us complacent with respect to studying the diverse forms of communicative labor by which actors themselves frame and construe behavior as ‘ethical’. And without taking as our guide what actors do, it becomes difficult methodologically for us to distinguish the ethical from non-ethical dimensions of social life in a given context.
On the immanence of the ethical: A response to Michael Lempert, ‘No ordinary ethics’
Authors: Lambek Michael
Published: June 2015

Michael Lempert’s misleading critique of what I have called ordinary ethics provides a welcome invitation to clarify my perspective. I briefly address what I mean by immanence and point to my argument that the ethical is intrinsic to action and practice rather than discernable only as a discrete object or distinct product of linguistic interaction. Lempert’s invocation of entanglement is fine but, with respect to my argument, beside the point.
Unpacking experience effects in developing novel products for new markets
Authors: Hoang Ha , Ener Hakan
Published: June 2015

A key process for exploration is to develop products in order to serve new markets. An implicit assumption in the organizational learning literature, not yet tested empirically, is that the increasing breadth of knowledge and experience firms gain by expanding into new product markets (i.e. exploration experience) may enhance their capacity to innovate in the future. We address how firms may find it more challenging to learn from their exploration experience when they develop new technology instead of employing their existing technology to create new products. In our theory and analyses, we address endogeneity by accounting for the behavioral learning process that leads managers to explore new markets following periods of poor firm performance. We test our model using fine-grained data on new product development projects initiated by 52 biopharmaceutical firms between 1979 and 2000 and find empirical support. Our study identifies a theoretical boundary condition on the relationship between exploration experience in new product markets and subsequent performance in developing novel products.