bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERNIKAHAN SIRI DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ANAK HASIL PERNIKAHAN SIRI
Authors: Yuliarti Ely , Widodo Ernu , Subekti  , Ucuk Yoyok
Published: July 2024

Pernikahan sirri dianggap tidak sah oleh negara, oleh karena itu, anak-anak yang lahir dari pernikahan ini dianggap sebagai anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan. Hal ini berbeda dengan sudut pandang agama. Pendapat ini didasarkan pada pasal 43 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Perkawinan mengatakan bahwa “Anak-anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan hanya mungkin memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibu dan keluarga ibu mereka. Oleh karena itu pernikahan sirri akan menganulir hak istri dan anakanak. Dengan putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46 / PUU-VIII / 2010, anak yang lahir di luar pernikahan mungkin memiliki hubungan perdata dengan laki-laki yang terbukti menjadi ayah biologisnya. Berdasarkan hal ini, Pasal 43 ayat (1) berbunyi: “anak-anak yang lahir di lluar nikah memiliki hubungan perdata dengan ibu dan keluarga ibunya serta dengan ayah mereka dan keluarga ayah mereka dalam kasus hubungan biologis ini dapat terbukti secara ilmiah atau teknologi, dan / atau ada bukti lain seperti hubungan darah, termasuk hubungan sipil dengan keluarga ayah mereka dapat dibuktikan.
Prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas: Bagaimana peran dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri?
Authors: Tena Meo Theresia Verlania , Andik Matulessy  , Suhadianto Suhadianto
Published: July 2024

Prokrastinasi telah menjadi permasalahan pada siswa di Dunia, Prevalensinya sangat tinggi dan memiliki dampak yang serius pada berbagai aspek kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri dengan prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa. Partisipan penelitian ini berjumlah 186 siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas yang dipilih menggunakan teknik quota sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan skala Prokrastinasi akademik (CR=0,91), skala dukungan sosial (α=0,871), dan skala efikasi diri (α=0,833). Melalui hasil uji, semua instrumen sudah memiliki indeks diskriminasi item dan reliabilitas yang baik. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil pengujian hipotesis secara simultan menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial dan efikasi diri dengan prokrastinasi akademik pada siswa. Penjelasan selanjutnya akan dibahas.
EVALUASI INOVASI PELAYANAN PROGRAM SUROBOYO BUS DALAM MEWUJUDKAN TRANSPORTASI PUBLIK BERKELANJUTAN DI KOTA SURABAYA, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Kristyowati Reny
Published: July 2024

Dalam upaya mengatasi berbagai tantangan terkait transportasi umum, Pemerintah Kota Surabaya telah membuat inovasi pelayanan transportasi publik berupa Suroboyo Bus untuk meningkatkan layanan transportasi publik. Namun masih ditemukan kendala dalam pelayanan Suroboyo Bus seperti pengoperasian Suroboyo Bus belum memiliki jalur khusus sehingga justru memicu terjadinya kemacetan dan rute Suroboyo Bus masih terbatas bahkan tidak menjangkau seluruh wilayah Kota Surabaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengevaluasi proses dan dampak serta faktor penghambat dan pendukung inovasi pelayanan program Suroboyo Bus dalam mewujudkan transportasi publik berkelanjutan di Kota Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu: (1) Proses inovasi pelayanan program Suroboyo Bus dalam mewujudkan transportasi publik berkelanjutan yaitu UPTD PTU Suroboyo Bus sebagai operator Suroboyo Bus berfokus memberikan kemudahan dan menciptakan kepercayaan kepada masyarakat untuk menggunakan Suroboyo Bus. Hal ini dilakukan dengan terus mempermudah pembayaran, mengakses lokasi dengan tracking, menginformasikan jam operasi dengan men-share di media sosial dan (2) Faktor penghambat inovasi pelayanan program Suroboyo Bus dalam mewujudkan transportasi publik berkelanjutan yaitu pihak UPTD PTU Suroboyo Bus membutuhkan tenaga ekstra untuk mendidik para crew Surabaya Bus agar taat aturan dalam bekerja. Sementara faktor penunjangnya meliputi ketersediaan sarana.
ANALISIS PELAYANAN PRIMA PADA PROGRAM PENGURUSAN SURAT IZIN MENGEMUDI DI SATPAS COLOMBO SURABAYA JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Christiaan Priscila Margaret , Hartono Supri , Radjikan
Published: July 2024

Pelayanan publik adalah kegiatan penyediaan jasa untuk masyarakat. Pelayanan ini biasa dilakukan oleh pemerintah atau aparatur negara. Karena menyangkut hidup banyak orang, maka pelayanan publik membutuhkan konsep, design, tata nilai, dan sistem yang berbeda dengan pelayanan yang bersifat pribadi. SATPAS Colombo Surabaya (Satuan Penyelenggara Administrasi SIM) adalah salah satu instansi pemerintah di Jawa Timur terutama kota surabaya yang dibentuk untuk mempercepat dalam memberikan pelayanan kepentingan masyarakat berupa barang. Pembentukan Satpas Colombo Surabaya ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah pelayanan publik kepada masyarakat. Satpas diartikan sebagai instansi pemerintah yang berkepentingan dalam memberikan kepuasan dalam pembuatan surat izin mengemudi. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pelayanan prima dalam pengruusan surat izin mengemudi di Satpas Colombo Surabaya. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya pelayanan prima dalam pengurusan surat izin mengemudi di Satpas Colombo Surabaya, terutama dalam mekanisme dan prosedur pelayanan pengurusan surat izin mengemudi.
MANAJEMEN STRATEGI PT KERETA COMMUTER INDONESIA WILAYAH VIII SURABAYA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN PENUMPANG KERETA RUTE SURABAYA-BLITAR
Authors: Sari Indah Ulkiya , Widodo Joko , Radjikan
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi dari frekuensi perjalanan kereta commuter yang relatif tinggi sehingga banyak penumpang yang tidak kebagian tiket kereta dan terdapat penumpang yang duduk tidak sesuai dengan nomor kursinya. Dengan demikian, tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana manajemen strategi dari PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kepuasan penumpang serta bagaimana faktor pendukung dan penghambatnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Stasiun Wonokromo yang terletak di Jagir, Wonokromo, Surabaya. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan fakta bahwa rata-rata penumpang sudah cukup puas, yang dimana penumpang kereta commuter line rute Surabaya-Blitar menyampaikan sudah sesuai dengan apa yang penumpang harapkan. Tetapi masih ada penumpang yang memberikan kritik maupun keluhan terhadap transportasi ini. Adapun strategi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai faktor kunci keberhasilannya adalah sebagai berikut: (1) Lakukanlah survey kepada penumpang karena dengan adanya saran dan masukannya pihak KCI dapat terus mengedepankan fasilitas yang lebih baik lagi. (2) Lakukanlah penambahan dan perbaikan fasilitas terkait papan informasi dan penunjuk arah agar penumpang tidak bingung dengan rute perjalanan, sehingga penumpang tidak beralih ke transportasi lain, seperti ojek online. (3) Lakukanlah pemantauan dan evaluasi secara berkala agar menjadi transportasi yang unggul dan nyaman sehingga bisa terbentuknya integrasi antar transportasi. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kritik maupun masukan dari penumpang merupakan sebuah peluang bagi PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia karena bisa tau apa yang dibutuhkan penumpang, seperti apa yang masih kurang, apa yang perlu perbaiki, dan apa yang perlu dievaluasi. Jika penemumpang merasa puas dan nyaman, pasti akan naik kereta ini lagi sehingga bisa mencakup tentang keuangan.
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PENGANGUNAN FASILITAS SANITASI DASAR DI DINAS LINGKUNGAN HIDUP KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2023
Authors: Bedha Maria Mikaela
Published: July 2024

Kepemilikan fasilitas sanitasi dasar sangat penting bagi keberlangsungan hidup masyarakat terutama dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup dan kesehatan  masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil penelitia tentang Implementasi Kebijakan Peraturan Walikota Surabaya Nomor 115 Tahun 2022 Tentang perubahan kedua atas peraturan walikota Surabaya Nomor 14 tahun 2019 Tentang pelaksanaan pembuatan jamban. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori implementasi kebijakan menurut Merilee S. Grindle dalam Subarsono (2015;93) dipengaruhi oleh dua variabel yaitu isi kebijakan (conten of policy) dan lingkungan Implementasi (contex of implementation).Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah secara kualitatif deskriptif dengan Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu wawancara secara mendalam dengan informan dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya, teknis analisis data yaitu dengan cara reduksi data,penyajian data dan penarikan kesimplan. Lokasi penelitian ini dilakukan di Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surabaya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 7922 unit Jamban telah selesai dibangunkan pada tahun 2023 dari 8000 perkiraan jamban yang harusnya dibangunkan, 78 unit tidak dibangunkan akibat data yang dimasukan dari kelurahan atau kecamatan kerembangan utara tidak sesuai dengan persayaratan karena lokasi yang disampaikan merupakan alamat gudang expedisi milik perusahan tertentu.
ANALISIS SWOT (STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS) PADA PENINGKATAN PELAYANAN TRANSPORTASI UMUM DI SURABAYA
Authors: Feri  , Murti Indah , Hariyoko Yusuf
Published: July 2024

Pelayanan publik merupakan fokus utama dalam pembangunan nasional di Indonesia. Namun pada kenyataanya pelayanan publik masih belum sesuai dengan prosedur dan regulasi sehingga mengakibatkan masyarakat kesusahan dalam mengakses layanan publik, ketidakjelasan standar pelayanan, ketidakpastian terkait biaya dan waktu pelayanan dan adanya praktik pungutan liar. Salah satu jenis layanan publik yaitu transportasi umum. Kota Surabaya memiliki banyak transportasi umum yang mudah ditemui oleh masyarakat, akan tetapi permasalahan masih sering ditemui seperti kemacetan, rute perjalanan yang tidak sesuai dsb. Oleh karena itu perencanaan strategis berdasarkan analisa kondisi lingkungan internal dan eksternal sangat penting dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan transportasi di Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perspektif masyarakat terhadap analisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities danThreats) pada peningkatan pelayanan transportasi umum di Surabaya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif, berdasarkan evaluasi faktor eksternal (EFE) dan faktor internal (IFE) dengan mendeskripsikan teori lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan dari Zeithaml et. al. (1990) yaitu tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan emphaty. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan fakta bahwa permasalahan sarana dan prasarana transportasi umum di Surabaya masih banyak ditemui seperti tempat duduk yang tidak layak digunakan, AC rusak, angkutan penumpang yang tidak sesuai kapasitas,  kondisi jalan yang rusak,dsb. Fakta selanjutnya yaitu mekanisme pelayanan transportasi umum di Surabaya sudah dibuat secara transparan dan sederhana dengan pemakaian aplikasi GoBis untuk pembayaran. Namun pelayanan transportasi umum di Surabaya masih memiliki faktor-faktor penghambat seperti aplikasi GoBis yang tidak tersedia di pengguna IOS, ubin pemandu dan petunjuk huruf braile di halte bus untuk disabilitas belum tersedia. Berdasarkan hal tersebut strategi yang dapat digunakan oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya yaitu pengembangan rekayasa lalu lintas menggunakan system teknologi e-dishub, regulasi pemerintah terkait pemberian subsidi transportasi umum dan pengembangan sarana dan prasarana di bidang transportasi.
EFEKTIVITAS PORTAL TRIBUNNEWS DALAM PENYEBARAN INFORMASI DI MEDIA MASSA
Authors: Pratama Pradipta Aji Surya , Firmansyah Mohammad , Kusnadi Hajidah Fildzahun Nadhilah
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi seberapa baik portal Tribunnews menyebarkan berita di media. Tribunnews, salah satu situs berita terkenal di Indonesia, memainkan peran penting dalam penyebaran informasi kepada masyarakat umum. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif studi kasus, yang melibatkan wawancara dengan pengguna, analisis konten, dan survei terhadap pembaca berita online. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tribunnews memiliki keunggulan dalam kecepatan menyebarkan informasi dan membuat orang mudah menemukannya. Tantangan yang dihadapinya, bagaimanapun, termasuk penggunaan judul clickbait dan artikel yang menarik, yang dapat menurunkan kredibilitasnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan kredibilitas Tribunnews, diperlukan peningkatan proses verifikasi fakta dan pengurangan konten sensasional. Selain itu, disarankan agar jurnalis mendapatkan pelatihan tambahan tentang pentingnya mengimbangi akurasi dan kecepatan dalam berita. dengan kemajuan di bidang tersebut. Dengan peningkatan di area tersebut, Tribunnews diharapkan dapat lebih efektif memenuhi peranannya sebagai portal berita yang andal dan kredibel di media massa Indonesia.
TEKNIK PENYAMPAIAN PESAN TERHADAP ANAK DOWN SYNDROME DI POTADS BK3S SURABAYA
Authors: Fauziah Izzah Dina , Zahro Anggi Launa
Published: July 2024

Down syndrome merupakan kelainan genetik yang disebabkan oleh adanya materi genetik ekstra pada kromosom 21. Hal ini mengakibatkan ciri fisik yang unik, seperti wajah yang khas, sehingga dapat menyebabkan disabilitas intelektual dan keterlambatan perkembangan, serta seringkali disertai dengan gangguan kesehatan lainnya, seperti seperti penyakit tiroid atau penyakit jantung Layanan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan verbal dan non verbal. komunikasi lisan sebagai bentuk komunikasi interpersonal pada anak down syndrome. Dalam konteks ini, fokus pelayanannya adalah Down Syndrome, karena anak dengan kelainan ini mempunyai kebutuhan komunikasi khusus. Pengabdian ini menggunakan metode pelatihan dan observasi langsung terhadap peserta industri. Tujuan dari komitmen ini adalah untuk menemukan cara komunikasi yang paling efektif dan dapat diandalkan untuk anak-anak dengan sindrom Down. Hasil dari layanan tersebut dianalisis untuk memahami bagaimana anak down syndrome berkomunikasi dan membangun hubungan satu sama lain. Hasil dari pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru tentang cara terbaik untuk mendukung komunikasi dengan anak berkebutuhan khusus, seperti anak down syndrome, dan memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan alat komunikasi yang lebih efektif.
IMPLEMENTASI BEDAH BUKU TERHADAP LITERASI DAN CARA KOMUNIKASI SISWA PADA PROGRAM SURABAYA MENGAJAR (PSM) DI SDN BARATAJAYA KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Putra Bagus Indaryanto , Adi Kun Muhammad
Published: July 2024

Mengajar bisa diartikan sebagai  suatu aktivitas yang dilakukan seseorang untuk mengembangkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh siswa dengan cara menciptakan kondisi lingkungan yang kondusif untuk melakukan proses belajar. Pada Program Surabaya Mengajar mahasiswa diberikan sebuah ajang untuk memberikan sebuah inovasi dan pengelaman yang baik untuk memperkaya pengetahuan siswa maupun mahasiswa. Program Surabaya Mengajar dijadwalkan berlangsung antara Februari hingga Juni 2024, yang  terletak di SDN Baratajaya. Tujuan utama dalam program tersebut, adalah untuk membantu para guru dalam mengatasi berbagai tantangan, termasuk pada bidang literasi siswa, pelancaran siswa dalam komunikasi, dan literatur siswa. Tujuan dari Program Surabaya Mengajar ini adalah untuk menerapkan pengetahuan teoritis yang diperoleh selama perkuliahan dan berkontribusi untuk menerapkan Program Bedah Buku pada SDN Baratajaya. Metode pelaksanaan pada program Bedah Buku meliputi persiapan siswa terhadap pemikiran kritis pada buku yang mereka baca, sosialisasi program Bedah Buku manfaat dan implementasi terhadap kehidupan sosial, wawancara, dan pengamatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, terungkap bahwa kegiatan sosialisasi dan pendampingan pada program Bedah buku untuk siswa SDN Baratajaya berhasil meningkatkan literasi, berpikir kritis, dan komunikasi terhadap beberapa buku yang telah dibedah. Inovasi ini telah diterima dengan baik oleh siswa dan para guru yang ada pada SDN Baratajaya. Karena dengan tujuan meningkatkan literasi, berpikir kritis, dan komunikasi inovasi tersebut memberikan dampak positif yang sangat banyak juga antara lain menanamkan kepercayaan diri dalam berpikir dan menjawab, meningkatkan keakraban antar siswa dan guru, kelancaran komunikasi para siswa yang baik dan benar.
The career success of secretarial staff in Nigeria labour market
Authors: Ewarawon Ulisan
Published: July 2024

The study aimed at examining the areas of capacity building needed for secretaries that could help to boost their career success in modern offices in Delta State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. Three research questions were raised. A convenience sampling technique was employed to select a sample size of 50 graduate secretaries as all the respondents could not be found in one particular area. To gather the necessary data for the study, a self structured questionnaire was designed and administered on the sample. The data generated were analysed using mean with standard deviation. The findings from the research questions indicate that ICT skills should be incorporated into secretarial training in tertiary institutions, decision making skills should be incorporated into Secretarial Training curriculum and training on international business should be incorporated into secretarial training programme. Based on the findings, it was recommended that ICT skills should be in corporation into secretarial training in tertiary institutions, the curriculum time could be maintained, Secretaries' competency in the area of connectivity, interaction, data manipulation, presentation and exchange should be the objective of the delivery of ICT courses in tertiary institutions and training on international business should be incorporated into secretarial training programme.
Assessment of factors affecting job performance of secretaries
Authors: Azi Susan , Lamle Mary Beritmwa
Published: July 2024

A well trained, skillful and intelligent secretary with a good IQ is indispensable to any employer. Such a secretary has the potential of being marketable in the labour market. However for efficiency and effectiveness to be achieved, a good office environment and availability of office equipment are key. It is a well known fact that the secretarial profession plays a very strategic role in the business world, and has significantly contributed in various ways to developing the Nigerian economy. Every business, be it public, private or public-private has a vision and a mission to achieve its set goals. The roles Secretaries play in achieving these goals cannot be overemphasized, hence the survival and sustenance of businesses depend largely on the effectiveness and efficiency of adequately trained Secretarial Professionals. This paper, lays emphasis on the factors affecting job performance of secretaries: towards achieving organizational goals. ways of enhancing job performance were proffered. It recommended among others that for secretarial staff to perform to the expectation of employers, working environment should be conducive, they should be continuously equipped and updated with modern office automation, trained and retrained for effective and efficient development of their knowledge, skills and competence toward achieving organizational goals.
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Secretarial training and the needs of employers in the Nigerian labour market
Authors: Wannang Vivian Nkeiruka , Zakka Daniel Dazan , Chigbuson Akwa Jon
Published: July 2024

The secretarial training has gone beyond typewriting or computer appreciation/application that is offered in the formal schools to the use of sophisticated modern equipment to perform work and many others. The changing trend, in the labour market profile have increased the complexity of skills required by today's workforce and threatened the positions of graduate secretaries. It is against this backdrop that the paper examined Secretarial Training and the needs of employers in the Nigerian Labour Market'. The paper discusses the concept of the secretarial profession, concept of training, purpose of secretarial training, characteristics of secretarial training, The Nigerian Labour Market, the needs of the employer, challenges of secretarial training in the Nigerian Labour Market. It concludes that the curriculum should dwell more on preparing the secretarial graduates on present realities of life in the workforce. The paper recommends among others that there is need for institution – industry collaboration in the training of secretaries. This is in view of the fact that the training environment for secretarial training is a work environment itself or a replica of the work environment. This can be achieved through redirecting government policies towards removing obstacles such as the unwillingness of industrialist to cooperate with the SIWES programme in the training institutions.
Secretarial training and reduction of unemployment
Authors: Hassan Mary
Published: July 2024

This paper examined the importance of secretarial training and in line with employers' needs in order to reduce unemployment. The main objective of the study was to look into the relevance of secretarial training on job creation, satisfaction and its impact on the needs to reduce unemployment. It was concluded that secretarial training is not just important to the employee but affects the success of the organisation or institution. The employers are intent at reducing unemployment as there would be reduction in idleness, illicit activities.
Entrepreneurship opportunities in business education as a means of reducing social vices
Authors: Ikpeama F. U. , Nwaokokorom O. W. , Ezeyi V. N.
Published: July 2024

The study was carried to identify the entrepreneurship employment opportunities in business education and how they can curb societal crimes in Nigeria. Data collected from 200 respondents were analyzed using mean and ANOVA statistics. The findings showed the entrepreneurship opportunities in office education, marketing education and accounting education are rated slightly high in curbing societal crimes. The test of hypothesis showed that there is no significant difference among the mean responses of the respondents with different qualifications on how entrepreneurship opportunities in business education can curb societal crimes. Based on the findings it was recommended among others that tertiary institutions should acquire necessary ICT equipment and adequate teaching facilities for effective teaching business education oriented courses and that business education students should acquire the necessary skills, knowledge and attitudes that can sustain self and gainful employment ventures.
Plasma characteristics in deep oscillation magnetron sputtering of chromium target
Authors: Gao Jian-Ying , Li Yu-Ge , Lei Ming-Kai ,   Surface Engineering Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: July 2024

A global model for deep oscillation magnetron sputtering (DOMS) discharge is established to investigate the plasma characteristics in the ionization region. Target voltage and current waveforms with micropulse on-time τon of 2–6 μs and charging voltage of 300–380 V are acquired and used as an input of the proposed model. The effects of micropulse on-time and charging voltage on the plasma are investigated. At τon = 2 μs, the DOMS plasma density oscillates with the discharge current waveform. The plasma is mainly composed of Ar+ ions though the ionization fraction of Ar is only 2%. The proportion of Cr+ ions is lower but has a relatively high ionization fraction of 12%, and Cr2+ ions are negligible. The peak plasma density increases from 1.34×1018 m–3 at τon = 2 μs to 2.64×1018 m–3 at τon = 3 μs and the metal ionization fraction increases to 20%. Further increasing the on-time leads the peak density and ionization fraction to slightly change. When the charging voltage increases from 300 V to 380 V at τon = 6 μs, the peak plasma density increases linearly from 2.67×1018 m–3 to 3.90×1018 m–3, and the metal ionization fraction increases from 21% to 28%. The gas rarefaction occurs in the ionization region for DOMS discharge. The gas density oscillates in the initial stage of macropulse, and 5–6 micropulses later it reaches dynamic equilibrium. The Ar density dynamics shows that the Ar consumption is mainly caused by electron impact ionization, followed by electron impact excitation, and the consumption rate caused by sputter wind is about 10% of the electron impact ionization. The typical metal self-sputtering phenomenon of high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) also appears in the DOMS discharge. The peak value of self-sputtering parameter increases linearly with the peak power density rising. This suggests that the peak power density is one of the important parameters to manipulate the metal self-sputtering process in the DOMS discharge. The peak value of self-sputtering parameter reaches up to 0.20, indicating that a certain degree of metal self-sputtering occurs. The plasma density and the ionization fraction of the depositing flux are improved, which relieves the shadowing effect during conventional magnetron sputtering as a result of low ionization degree of sputtered metal.
Machine learning based laser homogenization method
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ding Jin-Min , Hou Chen-Yang , Zhao Yi-Ming , Liu Hong-Wei , Liang Sheng ,   National Physical Experiment Teaching Demonstration Center, Key Laboratory of Education Ministry on Luminescence and Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Published: July 2024

Laser is widely used in various fields such as laser processing, optical imaging, and optical trapping due to its high monochromaticity, directionality, and high energy density. However, the beam generated by the laser is a Gaussian beam with non-uniform distribution of optical energy, and this non-uniform distribution affects the interaction between the laser and the matter. Therefore, it is necessary to reshape the Gaussian beam into homogenized light spots with uniform distribution of optical energy. Laser beam homogenization method aims to change the spatial distribution of the Gaussian beam, precisely controlling the shape and intensity of the laser beam to achieve homogenized light spots. However, the existing laser beam homogenization methods encounter some problems such as complicated component preparation and poor flexibility. They also fail to address experimental errors caused by stray light and zero-order light interference, leading to discrepancies between the experimental results and the expected results. These limitations seriously restrict the widespread application of laser technology in various fields.

A laser homogenization method based on machine learning is proposed for spatial light modulator (SLM) laser homogenization in this work. The preliminary approach to laser homogenization is to generate a phase hologram by using the Gerchberg-Saxton (G-S) algorithm and modulate the incident light beam into homogenized light spots by using an SLM. However, the inherent homogenization error of the SLM prevents laser homogenization from improving uniformity. The machine learning method is proposed as a means of compensating for homogenization errors, thereby improving the uniformity of the light spot. The corresponding supervised learning regression task on the experimental dataset establishes mapping relationships between the homogenization target images and the experimental detection images. The results of homogenization error compensation are validated through experiments. Compared with the traditional SLM laser homogenization methods, the proposed method reduces the non-uniformity of the light spot by 13%. The laser homogenization method based on machine learning is an efficient way to achieve laser beam homogenization. The proposed laser beam homogenization method can serve as a reference for machine learning-based method. This method possesses significant technical value for laser applications such as laser processing, optical imaging, and optical manipulation. Furthermore, it can provide guidance and reference for utilizing artificial intelligence in addressing optical problems.
Spatial orientation of CdS nanowires based on second harmonic generation spectroscopy and microscopic imaging
Authors: Ren Li-Qing , Yang Qiang , Ji Chao-Ran , Chi Jiao , Hu Yun , Wei Ying-Chun , Xu Jin-You ,   Yulin Key Laboratory of High-Resolution Terahertz Vibrational Imaging, College of Energy Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin 719000, China,   South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Published: July 2024

The second harmonic generation (SHG), as a nonlinear optical effect, has a wide range of applications in obtaining information such as material composition, structure, and properties due to its good polarization sensitivity. Although SHG spectroscopy or SHG microscopy has been used to explore the precise positioning or tracking of nanowires, there are few reports on the combination of SHG spectroscopy and SHG microscopy to study the structure of nanomaterials and the spatial orientation of crystal axes. In this work, we investigate the spatial orientation and crystal axis orientation of cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanowires by combining SHG spectroscopy and microscopic imaging. Firstly, we experimentally and theoretically study the spectral intensity of the SHG of CdS nanowires with the polarization direction of the incident light based on the all-optical analysis method proposed by the predecessors. We also analyze the influence of the azimuth angle of the crystal axis γ, ω and φ on the pattern of the SHG of CdS nanowires in detail. Secondly, through the mutual verification of theoretical calculations and experimental measurement results, we successfully determine the three axial orientations of a single CdS nanowire. Finally, we also investigate the spatial orientation of a single CdS nanowire by using the polarization-dependent SHG microscopic imaging method. It is shown that different parts of the CdS nanowire have different SHG responses when the polarization is changed. These results provide a new idea and an important reference for studying the application of SHG spectroscopy and microscopic imaging in the research of high-precision spatial positioning of nanomaterials. This study provides important enlightenment for realizing the potential applications of nanomaterials in biomedicine.
Efficacy of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone in COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Kolkata, India: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bhattacharjee Boudhayan , Ray Indranil , Ghosh Sumit Kumar , Talukdar Arunansu , Ghosh Udas Chandra
Published: July 2024

ntroduction: Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, the epidemic has rapidly spread all over the world in just a few months. Different steroids have been proven effective in treating COVID-19 pneumonia. However, comparative efficacy data between different steroids have been evaluated in a few studies from various parts of the world. To date, no study with a large number of patients has been conducted in the eastern part of India. Aim: To compare the efficacy of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in terms of outcomes and disease progression in COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 377 patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Medical College and Hospital from May 2020 to December 2020, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Patient records were divided into two groups based on the type of steroids administered (dexamethasone and methylprednisolone). Clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were tabulated for analysis. Demographic patterns in the two groups were compared, and efficacy was analysed in terms of hospital course (hospital stay length, type of respiratory support received) and final outcome (cured or death) in both groups. The data collected were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 29.0. Qualitative variables were expressed as counts and percentages, while quantitative variables were presented as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). Results: There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups based on demographic features (age, sex), co-morbidities (diabetes, hypertension, etc.), disease severity (hypoxia, hypotension) on admission day, and smoking status. The study showed that methylprednisolone significantly reduced the requirement for high-flow oxygen (p-value=0.002), Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) (p-value=0.001), and invasive ventilation (p-value=0.001) compared to dexamethasone. However, there was no significant difference (p-value=0.800) in the duration of hospital stay between the methylprednisolone and dexamethasone treatment groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis also showed a significant survival benefit among patients who received methylprednisolone compared to dexamethasone (log-rank p-value=0.039). Conclusion: The present study concludes that in COVID19 pneumonia, the administration of methylprednisolone leads to a significant reduction in mortality and the need for high-flow oxygen, NIV, and invasive ventilation compared to dexamethasone.
Laboratory Reflections of Clinicoepidemiological Trends in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome: Coronavirus 2 Cases from Rajasthan, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Sakshee , Chundawat Bhagwati , Gupta Prachi , Goyal Jaswant
Published: July 2024

Introduction: India has experienced many phases of the rise and fall of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) cases from the first quarter of 2020 to the present date. It is important to periodically assess the clinicoepidemiology and local factors affecting the pandemic in each geographical area. Emerging Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) variants {Variants of Concern (VOC) and Variants of Interest (VOI)} are contributing to ongoing unprecedented outbreaks, posing new challenges. Continuous surveillance is essential to keep track of currently circulating lineages. Aim: To study the clinicoepidemiological trends of COVID-19 disease in patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 53,311 suspected COVID-19 patients attending Jaipur National University of Medical Sciences and Research (JNUIMSRC), Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. Sociodemographic variables, clinical signs and symptoms, details of hospitalisation, and mortality data were collected between May 2020 and April 2022. All patients with Influenza-like illness and suspected COVID-19 were included in the study. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were performed using Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) approved kits. Mean, median, and “p-values” were calculated using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 software. Results: A total of 15.77% (8410/53,311) of patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The median age of the patient population was 43±18.44 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.86, 33.21% (2793/8410) of patients were asymptomatic. Cough (56.74%; 4772/8410) was the most common symptom, followed by fever (56.48%; 4750/8410) and sore throat (50.31%; 4231/8410). The surge in the number of COVID-19 positive cases varied month-wise during the study period. The case fatality rate was 3.19%. Conclusion: Asymptomatic cases have contributed to the widespread distribution of COVID-19 disease. Periodic remodeling of testing and mitigation strategies is required, given the early detection of asymptomatic infections in comorbid and elderly patients for the management of the COVID19 pandemic.
Exploring Milk Consumption Trends and Cow Milk Health Benefits Awareness: A Consumer Analysis in Anand and Vidyanagar Cities
Authors: Chaudhari Anant , Makwana A.K. , Gurjar M.D. , Kamani K.C. , Prajapati M.C.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the consumption patterns and consumer awareness of cow milk in Anand and Vidyanagar cities. India, as the largest milk producer globally, relies heavily on cow milk, which plays a crucial role in the national economy and rural livelihoods. Unlike other milk options such as goat's milk, cow milk is predominantly consumed due to its widespread availability, affordability, and established preference among Indian households. This research also aims to debunk common myths surrounding cow milk and explore consumer perceptions of special cow milk variants. Through a survey of 200 respondents, the study reveals demographic characteristics, milk consumption habits, and awareness levels regarding cow milk's health benefits. The results show a high prevalence of milk consumption (99%) with a preference for packed milk (67%) and daily consumption (78.5%). However, consumer awareness about cow milk's nutritional content and health benefits was relatively low. The study employs descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and the Karl Pearson Correlation Coefficient to analyze the data, finding no significant association between income and cow milk consumption and education level and cow milk consumption, but a positive correlation between age and milk consumption. The findings underscore the need for increased consumer education on the nutritional benefits of cow milk to enhance informed consumption choices. These insights can guide policymakers and industry stakeholders in designing effective educational campaigns and interventions to promote cow milk, ultimately supporting healthier dietary practices and boosting the dairy sector's growth.
Exploring the Vital Role of Coral Disease in Coral Reef Sustainability: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Susmaa K S , Jeni J M , Prasanna A , Manikandavelu D , Sona B R , Masilan K , Mahalakshmi B
Published: July 2024

Coral reefs are one of the most bio diverse ecosystems in the world. These are also regarded as one of the major productive ecosystem. The commonly reported threats to coral health include bleaching, over exploitation of fish stocks, destructive fishing and the rapid man-made development in the coastal areas. These environmental impacts have paved the way to the emergence of coral disease and are considered as the most serious issue of coral reefs deterioration. Globally, the major diseases affecting corals are Black band disease, White band disease, Aspergillosis, Dark spot disease, Stony coral disease, Pink line syndrome, Yellow band disease, and Skeletal eroding diseases. In this paper, all the diseases affecting the corals are elaborately discussed.
A Comprehensive Review on Transitioning into Organic Farming
Authors: Makinde Peter
Published: July 2024

The transition from conventional to organic agricultural systems represents a significant shift in farming practices, profoundly impacting environmental sustainability and food quality. This paper reviews existing literature, focusing on the drivers behind farmers' adoption of organic practices, encapsulated by the "four Rs": the agricultural methods employed during conversion, financial implications, regulatory frameworks, and environmental outcomes. Drawing on a synthesis of research and case studies, this review paper outlines key considerations and outcomes associated with the shift to organic farming. It explores factors influencing this decision, along with the opportunities and challenges encountered in adopting sustainable production methods. Additionally, the review discusses the role of technological advancements, knowledge dissemination, and support networks in facilitating farmers' transition to organic farming. Finally, the paper proposes strategies to mitigate potential drawbacks and enhance opportunities, offering insights for future research and policy development aimed at promoting environmentally responsible farming practices.
Effect of Wood Ash-Amended Soil on Some Nutritional and Non-Nutritional Constituents of Telfairia occidentalis
Authors: O. R Chima-Ezika, , C.O Ibegbulem, , L. A Nwaogu, , C. I. Iheme,
Published: July 2024

Effect of wood ash (WA)-amended soil on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin) was evaluated. WA obtained from Dialiumguineense(velvet tamarind) tree was used to amend the soil samples. Pumpkin seeds were planted on the soils after allowing for soil mineralization. Results obtained after the pumpkin plants were harvested and processed for analysis showed that cyanogenic glycosides and tannins increased against the control. Moisture and crude fats reduced against the control while carbohydrate increased when compared to the control. Pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples had reduced vitamin A but increased vitamins C and D. Potassium and calcium minerals increased in pumpkin grown on WA amended soil samples. These observations could be related to the ability of WA to stimulate mineralization which may have influenced some non-nutritional composition such as phytochemicals and nutritional compositions such as proximate contents and minerals. In conclusion, WA amended soil had effect on some nutritional and non-nutritional constituents of Telfairia occidentalis (pumpkin).
Functional Effect of Wood Ash on Soil Quality
Authors: O.R Chima-Ezika , C.O. Ibegbulem , L. A. Nwaogu , C.I Iheme
Published: July 2024

The functional effect of wood ash (WA) on soil was investigated to ascertain the effect on soil quality. Soil samples treated with 5% and 10% WA were set-up against the untreated control and analyzed to evaluate the status of their physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, microbiological, and enzyme activity. The analyses were carried out immediately after the treatment and after the soil mineralization. The results observed revealed a shift in the pH of the treated soil samples against the control, before and after mineralization. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 220.48±0.14 to 240.82±0.14 µs/cm before mineralization and 194.40±7.07 to 229.20±14.14 µs/cm after mineralization. The soil samples treated with 5% and 10 % WA had significantly (p<0.05) increased EC when compared to the control before and in the soil treated with 10% WA after mineralization but EC decreased significantly (p<0.05) in the soil treated with 5 % WA after mineralization. The %Nitrogen reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the treated soil samples when compared to the control both before and after mineralization. The soil sample treated with 10% WA had significantly (p<0.05) reduced copper before and after mineralization unlike the soil sample treated with 5% WA which had significantly (p<0.05) reduced copper before mineralization and significantly (p<0.05) increased after mineralization. The soil samples treated with WA had profound microbial load reduction when compared to the control. Before and after mineralization, soil alkaline phosphatase reduced significantly (p<0.05) in the treated samples against the control while acid phosphatase increased significantly (p<0.05) in the treated soil samples when compared to the control. These observations could be linked to the presence of WA in the treated soil samples before and after mineralization. In conclusion, WA treatment increased electrical conductivity, reduced copper and nitrogen concentrations, reduced microbial load and increased some enzyme activities.
Green Silk Road and Belt Economic Initiative and Local Sustainable Development: Through the Lens of China’s Clean Energy Investment in Central Asia
Authors: Gao Shuqin , Liu Guy S.
Published: July 2024

This paper examines how China’s renewable energy investment contributes to the Central Asian countries’ GHG emission reduction target to meet their global climate commitments and the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs2030).  The introduction analyzes what problems have emerged in China’s Green Silk Road and Belt Economic Initiative (SRBI) and how global climate change is viewed to affect sustainable energy transition in the Central Asian countries. The paper will then focus on what response in national energy structures have been adopted by Central Asian countries to address global climate change commitments. The main focus of this paper is on how China’s renewable energy investment in Central Asia contributes to solving essential problems for sustainable energy transition, bridging technical gaps and financial barriers for the low-carbon sustainable energy transition and aligning with the Paris agreement to fulfill global climate commitments. The limited institutional capacity and market failure in renewable policy ecosystems in Central Asian countries jeopardizes domestic climate investment and China’s renewable investment potential, increasing national spending for sustainable development transition and triggering huge fiscal deficit and debt crises. This endogenous systemic risk deteriorates financial and technical barriers. This requires regional and multilateral renewables coordination and climate cooperation. China needs to set up a comprehensive green policy for the Central Asian countries to get full support from local and international society. PPP and multilateral cooperation in the international renewables investment have not only mobilized more climate financial resources but also mitigate and diversify market failure risk.
Comparative Study of Drip Irrigated Dry Direct Seeded Rice and Conventionally Flooded Transplanted Rice Productions
Authors: R K Krishnasree , Suresh K. , Pasha Md. Latheef , Reddy K. Pavan Chandra , Kumari Ch. Aruna
Published: July 2024

A field experiment was conducted to compare the growth, yield and water use in drip-irrigated aerobic rice and conventionally flooded transplanted rice. The experimental design was split-plot design with 3 varieties in the main plot and 2 levels of irrigation (1.0 Epan& 1.5 Epan) in combination with 2 doses of N (100 & 125% of recommended dose of fertilizers) in the sub-plot and replicated thrice. An observation trial with these 3 varieties under transplanted conditions with 100 & 125% N was taken up. The experiment was conducted during Kharif, 2022 & 2023 at College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranangar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. In each variety, the best-performing irrigation level was found at 100% N & 125% N. Best-performing treatments under dry direct-seeded (DDSR) conditions was compared with conventionally flooded transplanted rice (CFTPR) with the same variety and same dose of N for growth parameters, yield attributes & yield as well as water productivity using a one-sample t-test. A significantly higher root length was observed in direct-seeded rice compared to transplanted rice in all the 3 varieties; while panicle weight did not differ with establishment methods @ 5% level of significance. Number of unfilled grains & chaffy grain% was low in direct-seeded rice of DRR Dhan-42, while it did not differ statistically for JGL-24423 at 100% N. For KNM-1638, transplanted rice recorded a significantly lower number of unfilled grains & chaffy grain percentage at both 100 & 125%N. DDSR & CFTPR recorded comparable grain yields in DRR Dhan-42 @ 100 (P = 0.22) & 125% N (P = 0.07) & in JGL-24423 @ 100% N (P = 0.18). For KNM-1638, higher grain yield was reported in transplanted rice over dry direct-seeded rice at both 100 (P = 0.01) & 125% N (P = 0.01). A significantly higher harvest index was reported by transplanted rice @ 100% N in KNM-1638 (P = 0.02), whereas it did not differ statistically for JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42. Drip irrigated direct-seeded rice recorded 2-2.4 times higher water productivity & 2- 3 times lower water use compared to conventionally flooded transplanted rice. There is a 57-68% saving in irrigation water in DDSR over CFTPR. It can be concluded that drip irrigated dry direct-seeded rice saves a hefty amount of irrigation water without compromising yield depending on the variety. For saving irrigation water without compensating yield, drip irrigated dry direct seeding of paddy is recommended with 100% N in JGL-24423 & DRR Dhan-42.