bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Photovoltaic power interval forecasting method based on kernel density estimation algorithm
Authors: Shi Min , Yin Rui , Wang Yifeng , Li Dengxuan , Han Yutong , Yin Wansi
Published: December 2020

Photovoltaic(PV) power forecasting is of great significance to improve the access level of photovoltaic power generation. Deterministic forecasting methods often fail to meet the needs of grid risk analysis and decision-making, and a single model is also difficult to adapt to the changes of PV objects under different meteorological conditions. In order to solve the above problems, this paper describes the seasonal distribution characteristics of PV output fluctuations, and a method of PV power uncertainty forecasting based on seasonal classification is proposed. Compared with the parameter estimation method, the nonparametric kernel density estimation method does not need to make assumptions about the distribution of the prediction error, and can obtain more information about the actual distribution of the error, and has no fixed requirements for the various distribution characteristics of the error, it has strong adaptability.
Numerical simulation study on the influence of power plant flue gas factors on the formation of white wet plume of flue gas
Authors: Zhang Yongzhuang , Wang Jingfu
Published: December 2020

When the wet flue gas of a gas power plant is discharged, a white wet plume of flue gas will be produced, causing environmental and visual pollution. Local governments require the treatment of white wet Plume of flue gas. This paper establishes a model of the process of flue gas emission to produce white wet plume of flue gas, and the numerical method is used to solve it. The effects of factors such as flue gas emission temperature and flue gas moisture content on the generation of white wet plume of flue gas are studied respectively. The results show that the numerical simulation method has a good simulation effect for studying the generation conditions and factors of the white wet Plume of flue gas. It is possible to obtain the limit emission temperature and the emission moisture content of the flue gas emission without producing white wet Plume of flue gas. It is possible to study the generation of white wet plume of flue gas under the conditions of different flue gas emission temperature and emission moisture content, and provide reference and guidance for the engineering practice of power plant flue gas reduction or elimination of white wet plume of flue gas.
Influence of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution of Silage Corn
Authors: Bai Lanfang , Lu Zhanyuan , Zhang Xiangqian , Wang Yufen , Zhang Dejian , Wang Yanan , Wang Tianhao
Published: December 2020

The clarification of the dry matter accumulation, distribution law and yield differences of silage corn under different nitrogen application rates will provide theoretical basis for determining the optimal nitrogen application rates of silage corn under drip irrigation in central Inner Mongolia. In this study, Zhongxing silage 1 was selected as the experimental variety. This paper systematically analyzes the dry and fresh weight accumulation and growth rate, dry matter distribution and yield index of silage corn in the whole growth period under the condition of six different nitrogen application amount in two consecutive years of 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that the application of nitrogen fertilizer increased the whole plant fresh weight and dry matter content in different growth stages after the seedling stage of silage corn, and the whole growth period from the seedling stage to the harvest stage, the fresh weight and dry matter accumulation rate of N16 and N20 treated plant were higher than other treatments in 2018 and 2019. Except for the leaves at the trumpet period, the dry matter distribution ratio of each organ was not affected by nitrogen application level before tasseling stage. In the silage harvest period, the biological fresh weight and biomass yield of silage corn were the highest in N16. It can be concluded that N16 (240kg N ha−1) is the best nitrogen application rate for silage corn under drip irrigation in central Inner Mongolia by means of comprehensively comparing the dry matter accumulation rate, distribution and yield under different nitrogen rates.
Research on method for detection of harmful gases in livestock based on open path laser absorption spectrum
Authors: Tian An , Dong Daming , Ji Zengtao , Jiao Leizi
Published: December 2020

The breath and feces of livestock and poultry will produce harmful gases such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. When the concentration of these gases exceeds the standard, they will seriously harm the health of livestock and poultry and even keepers. Fast and accurate monitoring of these harmful gases is of great significance in improving the health status of animals and keepers. Laser spectroscopy technology is an effective means of gas detection. Because of its high sensitivity and selectivity, it is widely used in gas monitoring. However, the currently adopted method of pumping sample gas detection based on the long optical path gas absorption cell is susceptible to the influence of the high ash and high humidity environment of the livestock and poultry house, causing detection errors. Open path laser absorption spectroscopy technology does not require a gas absorption cell to detect the gas concentration in free space. Based on this principle, this paper develops out the research on the open path laser absorption spectroscopy detection method for harmful gases in livestock and poultry houses, focusing on the design of laser collimation system, laser reflection system, laser focusing system, and laser detection system. The ammonia gas was used as the detection object to verify the feasibility of detecting harmful gas in livestock and poultry houses with open path laser absorption spectroscopy.
Effect of Ageing on Rheological Properties and Quality of Shanxi Aged Vinegar
Authors: Zhu Hong , Falcone Pasquale M. , Qiu Ju , Ren Chang-Zhong , Li Zai-Gui
Published: December 2020

The quality of Shanxi aged vinegar (SAV), a famous Chinese vinegar, was improved during its special long-time ageing. SAV samples of different ageing time were analyzed by composition analysis, rheometer, and principal component analysis (PCA). Three main quality indicators of SAV, namely total acidity, soluble solids content and R ratio, and most of composition, including glucose, acetic acid, lactic acid and total polyphenols increased when ageing process prolonged. Newton function and Power law model were fitted to rheological data to investigate the rheological characters: shear viscosity, consistency coefficients and flow behavior index (n). PCA showed the viscosity of SAV had positive relationship with ageing time as well as all composition parameters. Quality including main quality indicators, composition and rheological characters was significantly differenct (p < 0.05) among the SAV in different phases. Thus, the rheological method was a very useful tool to classify the quality of SAV.
Effects of different factors on seed germination of Cassia mimosoides
Authors: Liu Hongjie , Liao Zixin , Chen Xixian , Yang Shaoxia , Xue Yingbin , Liu Ying , Yang Yali
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the germination efficiency of Cassia mimosoides seed, the effects of concentrated sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, temperature and culture medium on seed germination and seedling growth of C. mimosoides were investigated. In this study, the seeds were immersed in water at different temperatures and sodium hydroxide with different concentrations for 10 min, and the seeds were immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid for different periods of time, and then inoculated on media, the effects of the three treatment methods on germination of seeds were studied. It was found that concentrated sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide had no effect on seed germination of C. mimosoides. The seed expansion rate, germination rate and other indexes were enhanced with the increase of temperature of soaking water, and when the water temperature was 80°C, the best result of seed germination was gained in C. mimosoides. Compared with MS medium, seed inoculation on 1/2MS medium was more beneficial to the growth and development of germinated seedlings.
Bibliometric analysis of research trends and focuses of plant functional traits
Authors: Fu Ruiyu , Zhang Zhonghua , Hu Cong , Peng Xingbing , Lu Shaonuan , Hu Gang
Published: December 2020

Plant functional traits (PFTs) are a research focus in ecology, and an illustration of the research focuses and development of this field that can serve as a reference for future related research. Through the retrieval of relevant papers on PFTs published from 1998 to 2017 from the Web of Science and extracted literature information, this study applied a bibliometric analysis to analyze information on 1938 papers to reveal the research focuses, development patterns and potential problems of this field. The results show the following: research on PFTs has undergone three stages from 1998-2017: slow development (1998-2002), steady growth (2003-2009) and rapid development (2010-2017). The scholar with the largest number of published papers is Reich PB (56 papers) followed by Lavorel S (51 papers) and Garnier E (48 papers). The country with the most published papers is the United States (579 papers), followed by France (302 papers) and China (279 papers). The research institution with the largest number of published papers is the Chinese Academy of Sciences (161 papers), followed by the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (94 papers) and the University of Minnesota (87 papers). The Journal of Vegetation Science, Journal of Ecology and New Phytologist are the three journals with the most published papers. A keyword analysis shows that research focuses of this field include the trade-off between functional traits, the relationship between PFTs and community assembly, and the impact of PFTs on responses to global climate change.
Study on extraction of anthocyanin from pericarp waste by SDS precipitation
Authors: Fei Jia , Chen Xiangyan , Peng Xin , Du Hao , Tang Yu , Meng Yong , Yuan Lu
Published: December 2020

In recent years, our country (China) has invested more and more in environmental protection, and resource recycling concept is also gaining in popularity. The free throw of the peel wastes both increases the load on the environment and wastes the useful ingredients in the peel. It is a natural pigment anthocyanin, not only has the natural colorants function but also has a high biological value and medicinal value. Useful anthocyanin extracted from the peel waste is a manifestation of the principle of “turning waste into treasure and utilization”. The Surfactant precipitation technique is a relatively new plant anthocyanin extraction method. Anionic surfactant-sodium dodecyl sulfate was selected to experiment, and the extraction efficiency of sodium dodecyl sulfate precipitation technique peel waste anthocyanin was discussed. Parameters such as surfactants, potassium chloride, sodium chloride concentration pH, and other factors on the recovery of the solvent category extraction affect the results. The results showed that optimal experimental conditions for 3mL crude extract solution, as follows: pH is 2, using 4mL5mmol/L of SDS, 1.5mL 6mmol/L of KCl,1mL AR acetone, 1mL 0.25mol/L of NaCl, under the best condition, the rate of anthocyanin extraction was up to 60.81%.
Experimental Study on Western Blot
Authors: Jiang Hezi
Published: December 2020

In this paper, the expression of specific proteins in two groups of cells was studied by the methods of documentary review and experiment. The results were as follows: one group of cells expressed proteins, and the other group did not.
Study on Dimensional Stability of Bamboo Chemically Modified by Am/PVA Semi-IPN
Authors: Wang Fapeng , Meng Jianhua , Chen Hongpeng , Yuan Hua , Chen Hong , Su Lianfeng , Tang Yuxun , Jin Zhaomin , Weng Weiming , Fan Hongwei
Published: December 2020

This research discussed a new way to prepare a construction of polyacrylamid (Am) / polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN), using Am, PVA with ammonium persulfate (APS) and N, N’ - methylene bis acrylamide (N, N’-MBA) as initiator and crosslinker, respectively, to improve the dimensional stability of bamboo. The PAM/PVA semi-IPN was characterized by FTIR, SEM and TEM. Bamboo samples were impregnated in vacuum with prepared solution, and then tested with the dimensional stability. The results showed that the physical cross-linking occurred between polymers of PAm and PVA. The pores and parenchyma of bamboo cells were filled up with polymers by SEM. The results of anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) of treated bamboo were 47.1%, 52.9% and 34.2%, respectively. The property of dimensional stability of treated bamboo was improved to some degree.
Influence Study of Ammonia-Nitrogen Molar Ratio on SNCR Denitrification
Authors: Yang Xuebao , Zhu Yujie , Zhang Jianxiang , Zhang Wenping , Shi Guoli , Zhang Zhiyong
Published: December 2020

The influences of different ammonia-nitrogen molar ratios (Normalized Stoichiometric Ratio, NSR) on the NOx emission concentration, ammonia escaping amount, and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) denitrification efficiency were measured through a field test. The results show that with the increase of NSR, the NOx emission concentration changes little, the ammonia escaping amount is gradually increased, and the SNCR denitrification efficiency is basically kept stable after increasing firstly. In full consideration of the ultralow emission limit and reducing agent consumption, it is believed that 2.01 is the optimal NSR value under the test load.
Evaluation of lawn color and chlorophyll concentration using hyperspectral index
Authors: Zhang Wen , Chen Gong , Wu Hongzhi , Xie Caiyun , Wang Zhiwei , Song Xuelian , Wang Puchang , Ruan Xirui , Ding Leilei , Zhang Yujun , Liu Jiajia
Published: December 2020

A study was carried out at a subtropical zone of southern west China to test if hyperspectral methods could be used to measure turf canopy chlorophyll concentration, and to analyse correlation between green normalized difference vegetation index (GNDVI) values. Turf chlorophyll concentration, canopy hyperspectral reflectance, and visual rating were measured. The results showed that canopy hyperspectral reflectance value was more sensitive to the turfgrass chlorophyll concentration difference than visual rating both among turfgrass species. Visual rating value and hyperspectral index were both highly correlated with canopy chlorophyll concentration. Regression analysis indicated a strong linear correlation between GNDV and visual rating value. Hyperspectral technique can provide an improved method to evaluate turfgrass chlorophyll concentration and to quantify turfgrass color.
About control of industrial stability of dams of the fuel and energy complex facilities in Kuzbass on the basis of application of shallow-depth geophysical technologies
Authors: Solovitskiy A N , Nikulin N Yu , Nastavko A V , Smirnov N A , Makarov K A
Published: December 2020

It has been established that the problem of using applied low-depth geophysical technologies to ensure the sustainability of industrial and civil construction in Kuzbass is as follows: on the one hand, there is a significant increase in measurement accuracy and efficiency, and on the other hand, there is the absence of new models that allow interpretation of not only base soils and geological objects, but also their condition. The research provides a generalization of practical experience in creating physical and geological models. Based on the studies, it was found that applied shallow geophysical technologies are more informative and automated than traditional ones. The practical use of this theory is to ensure the sustainability of industrial and civil construction, and, consequently, the development of the Kuzbass territory.
Digital Twin of the Distributed Generation Plant
Authors: Bulatov Yu N , Kryukov A V , Korotkova K E
Published: December 2020

This article describes the concept of building a digital twin of the distributed generation (DG) plant operating on based on a synchronous generator with a fuzzy auto-tuning unit for automatic voltage regulator and automatic speed regulator. The structure of the digital twin is represented as a hierarchal fuzzy model built using experimental data. Programmatically implemented algorithms for optimization of term aggregations membership functions and numerals from knowledge base rules. The results of experiments on obtaining an optimized neuro-fuzzy model for regulating the generator rotor frequency are presented. The proposed algorithms can be used in further research on the construction of a digital twin of the DG plant, as well as for solving the problem of automatic regulators tuning.
Key Aspects and Trends of Distributed Generation and Energy Decentralization in Russia
Authors: Smirnova S V , Bolotov P V , Petrushin D E , Popov M G , Matrosova M V
Published: December 2020

Distributed Generation (DG) is a global trend and it is actively spreading in Russia. In contrast to Western countries, the main incentive for the spread of DG in Russia is the desire of industrial owners to reduce the final cost of electricity. DG in Russia can successfully meet the challenge of supplying electricity to isolated and inaccessible areas and replacing outdated and inefficient generation. The widespread use of DG, including those based on renewable energy sources (RES) makes it necessary to create promising models for the inclusion of DG in the Unified Energy System (UES) of Russia. The paper deals with the efficiency of DG, analyses the application of this technology in Russia formulates the prospects for the development of DG in Russia and gives recommendations for the integration of DG.
Laboratory approaches to estimating and localizing restrained hydrocarbon reserves in depletion-mode formations
Authors: Bolshakov M N , Skibitskaya N A , Marutyan O O
Published: December 2020

A significant part of hydrocarbon reserves during development remains in the reservoir in the restrained volumes of the pore space. In depletion-mode formations, bypassed zones of hydrocarbons not affected by displacement can also form. The paper describes laboratory methods that can be used to estimate the amount of remaining restrained hydrocarbons and their distribution in the reservoir.
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Production and Using of Liquid Biofuels
Authors: Pulyaeva V N , Kharitonova N A , Kharitonova E N
Published: December 2020

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of using liquid biofuels to mitigate environmental pollution and stabilize the economy in countries where there is a shortage of natural resources that are energy carriers. To this end, the authors considered the positive and negative aspects of using biofuels as a mixture, including bioethanol or biodiesel. In addition, the article includes an analysis of the situation in Russia regarding the orientation towards replacing traditional fuels.
The role of quality management systems for educational institutions in the digital economy
Authors: Sherstobitova A A , Iskoskov M O
Published: December 2020

One of the priority tasks of education in the modern conditions of economic management is to provide quality technological and personnel reserves for the implementation of the tasks set by the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of development of the digital economy of the country. Considering the approaches to the transformation of all types of activities into a digital platform, it is possible to note the stage-by-stage transformation of the information infrastructure over the last period of development of market relations in the direction of digital transfer of information, knowledge and technologies. One of the barriers preventing a faster transition to new challenges to reality is the lack of compliance of the level of personnel training with the requirements of QMS standards, in particular the requirements of ISO 21001-2018 and ISO 9001-2015. The article considers the peculiarities of the requirements of the regulatory framework for the organization of QMS of higher education institutions, presented in the form of tasks described in the roadmap. The novelty of the proposed approaches consists in the integration of QMS requirements in the construction of a competency model. The proposed solutions to improve the processes of personnel training will ensure that society can implement the Passport “National Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”.
Methodology of constructing highly adequate models of additively manufactured materials
Authors: Borovkov A I , Maslov L B , Ivanov K S , Kovaleva E N , Tarasenko F D , Zhmaylo M A , Thierry Barriere
Published: December 2020

In the this paper there is a description of the methodology of constructing highly adequate models of materials which are produced additively. The paper consists of introduction to the problem, demonstration of each step of the methodology and conclusions about the method and its applicability. The developed approach is presented on the two additively manufactured metal alloys. The modeling process is based on the orthotropic model of elasto-plastic material behavior. The list of material properties to be found was formulated according to proposed material model. These properties were found from several mechanical experiments. The developed mathematical models of the material studied were checked for compliance to experimental data with use of finite element simulations. Finite element modeling of a complicated 3d-printed lattice structure was performed and compared with the results of natural testing. In order to study the correlation between the material properties and manufacturing process the analysis of microstructure was done.
The Curing Simulation And Prediction Of Shape Distortion Of Thermoset Composite Reinforced With 3d Woven
Authors: Kiauka M , Pudeleva O , Tamm V A , Borovkov A
Published: December 2020

The general modeling methodology for thermoset composite reinforced with 3D woven is described. In this study the focus is on the curing simulation и prediction of shape distortion for thermoset composites in ABAQUS with user subroutines. The procedure of homogenization and determination of effective properties of a thermoset composite reinforced with 3D woven for the rubbery and glassy state of the matrix is also described in detail. Depending on the thermoset polymer type, the different cure reaction formulations are implemented. The temperature expansion and chemical shrinkage tensors at each time step are set depending on the degree of cure and the glass transition temperature. Curing model with piecewise constant elastic modules is used. The model takes into account the shape distortion of the part due to chemical shrinkage and thermal expansion of the material. Curing simulation and prediction of shape distortion results for U-shaped part for Kamal-Sourour reaction type is presented. The effective properties of the composite reinforced with 3D woven for the rubbery and glassy states of the matrix are obtained.
Performance analysis of electrical systems of vehicles under the external electromagnetic exposure
Authors: Kozlovsky V. N. , Nikolaev P. A. , Podgorny A. S. , Brachunova Y. V. , Efimov-Soini N.K.
Published: December 2020

The study results of malfunctions of electrical systems of modern vehicles due to external electromagnetic exposure are presented in the paper.
Electromagnetic compatibility of the on-board electrical complex as a key factor in ensuring the operational safety of vehicles
Authors: Kozlovsky V. N. , Nikolaev P. A. , Podgorny A. S. , Kritsky A. V. , Zhmaylo M.A.
Published: December 2020

The issues of functional safety of the on-board electrical complex of vehicles under exposure of electromagnetic interference are considered in this paper. Besides, the modern practice of organizing the process of assessing the immunity of electrical systems of cars is shown.
Simple and efficient preparation of uniformly dispersed Carbon nanotubes reinforced Copper matrix composite powders by in situ chemical vapor deposition without additional catalyst
Authors: Duan Pengyun , Xu Kai , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Ping , Zhou Honglei , Fu Shaoli , Bi Liming , Guo Xu
Published: December 2020

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced Copper (Cu) matrix composite powders have been successfully prepared by in situ chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Cu-0.6 wt% Al alloy powders without additional catalyst. The catalyst for CNTs growth is nano-copper particle (∼28 nm), and the interaction between Cu and Al2O3 would promote the formation of nano-copper particles (∼28 nm). The high quality multi-walled CNTs obtained dispersed uniformly on and well bonded to the composite powders. And the formation mechanism was discussed, the results show that part of the growth of CNTs follows tip-growth mode and the others without catalyst particles at the top follow the base-growth mode. This providing a simple and effective method for in situ preparation of CNTs/Cu composite powder with uniform dispersion of CNTs.
Highly efficient Yb:YAG microchip laser for direct generation of radially polarized vector vortices
Authors: Chen Dimeng , Cai Shu , Dong Jun
Published: December 2020

High beam quality, highly efficient radially polarized vector vortex beam has been generated in a Yb:YAG microchip laser pumped with an annular beam formed with a hollow focus lens. The output power of 2.15 W has been achieved at the absorbed pump power of 3.53 W. The optical-to-optical efficiency is 60.9%. The radially polarized vector vortex lasers working at 1030 nm, 1050 nm, 1030/1050 nm dual-wavelength depending on applied pump power. High polarization purity with degree of polarization of over 91% has been achieved for radially polarized vector vortex lasers. Our work provides an effective method for developing compact wavelength tunable, radially polarized vector vortex lasers.
Counterpoint: Epidemiology’s Dual Social Commitment—Science and Health
Authors: Saracci Rodolfo
Published: December 2020

Matching epidemiology’s aspirations to actual delivery of goods valuable for population health depends both on the scientific and operational capabilities of epidemiology and on the degree to which the goods meet its contract with society. Epidemiology’s capabilities have advanced remarkably in recent decades, although research gaps have appeared during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Epidemiology’s social contract reflecting a dual commitment to science and health could arguably be entirely met by producing research results under conditions variously described as objective, impartial, neutral, or independent and handing such results to decision makers and the public at large. However, a closer examination shows that those four terms address sharply distinct issues, with distinct practical implications, and that the epidemiologist responsibility is de facto involved beyond providing research results. Hence the epidemiologist’s engagement should encompass arguing from a science-for-health viewpoint and proactively driving the results into decision processes on public health issues.
Andrographis paniculata and Its Main Bioactive Ingredient Andrographolide Decrease Alcohol Drinking and Seeking in Rats Through Activation of Nuclear PPARγ Pathway
Authors: Stopponi Serena , Fotio Yannick , Cifani Carlo , Li Hongwu , Haass-Koffler Carolina L , Cannella Nazzareno , Demopulos Gregory , Gaitanaris George , Ciccocioppo Roberto
Published: December 2020

Background and aims

Andrographis paniculata is an annual herbaceous plant which belongs to the Acanthaceae family. Extracts from this plant have shown hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic properties, at least in part, through activation of the nuclear receptor Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-gamma (PPAR γ). Recent evidence has demonstrated that activation of PPARγ reduces alcohol drinking and seeking in Marchigian Sardinian (msP) alcohol-preferring rats.

Methods

The present study evaluated whether A. paniculata reduces alcohol drinking and relapse in msP rats by activating PPARγ.

Results

Oral administration of an A. paniculata dried extract (0, 15, 150 mg/kg) lowered voluntary alcohol consumption in a dose-dependent manner and achieved ~65% reduction at the dose of 450 mg/kg. Water and food consumption were not affected by the treatment. Administration of Andrographolide (5 and 10 mg/kg), the main active component of A. paniculata, also reduced alcohol drinking. This effect was suppressed by the selective PPARγ antagonist GW9662. Subsequently, we showed that oral administration of A. paniculata (0, 150, 450 mg/kg) prevented yohimbine- but not cues-induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking.

Conclusions

Results point to A. paniculata-mediated PPARγactivation as a possible therapeutic strategy to treat alcohol use disorder.
Atlas: automatic modeling of regulation of bacterial gene expression and metabolism using rule-based languages
Authors: Santibáñez Rodrigo , Garrido Daniel , Martin Alberto J M
Published: December 2020

Motivation

Cells are complex systems composed of hundreds of genes whose products interact to produce elaborated behaviors. To control such behaviors, cells rely on transcription factors to regulate gene expression, and gene regulatory networks (GRNs) are employed to describe and understand such behavior. However, GRNs are static models, and dynamic models are difficult to obtain due to their size, complexity, stochastic dynamics and interactions with other cell processes.

Results

We developed Atlas, a Python software that converts genome graphs and gene regulatory, interaction and metabolic networks into dynamic models. The software employs these biological networks to write rule-based models for the PySB framework. The underlying method is a divide-and-conquer strategy to obtain sub-models and combine them later into an ensemble model. To exemplify the utility of Atlas, we used networks of varying size and complexity of Escherichia coli and evaluated in silico modifications, such as gene knockouts and the insertion of promoters and terminators. Moreover, the methodology could be applied to the dynamic modeling of natural and synthetic networks of any bacteria.

Availability and implementation

Code, models and tutorials are available online (https://github.com/networkbiolab/atlas).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Diffuse axonal injury has a characteristic multidimensional MRI signature in the human brain
Authors: Benjamini Dan , Iacono Diego , Komlosh Michal E , Perl Daniel P , Brody David L , Basser Peter J
Published: December 2020

Axonal injury is a major contributor to the clinical symptomatology in patients with traumatic brain injury. Conventional neuroradiological tools, such as CT and MRI, are insensitive to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) caused by trauma. Diffusion tensor MRI parameters may change in DAI lesions; however, the nature of these changes is inconsistent. Multidimensional MRI is an emerging approach that combines T1, T2, and diffusion, and replaces voxel-averaged values with distributions, which allows selective isolation of specific potential abnormal components. By performing a combined post-mortem multidimensional MRI and histopathology study, we aimed to investigate T1-T2-diffusion changes linked to DAI and to define their histopathological correlates. Corpora callosa derived from eight subjects who had sustained traumatic brain injury, and three control brain donors underwent post-mortem ex vivo MRI at 7 T. Multidimensional, diffusion tensor, and quantitative T1 and T2 MRI data were acquired and processed. Following MRI acquisition, slices from the same tissue were tested for amyloid precursor protein (APP) immunoreactivity to define DAI severity. A robust image co-registration method was applied to accurately match MRI-derived parameters and histopathology, after which 12 regions of interest per tissue block were selected based on APP density, but blind to MRI. We identified abnormal multidimensional T1-T2, diffusion-T2, and diffusion-T1 components that are strongly associated with DAI and used them to generate axonal injury images. We found that compared to control white matter, mild and severe DAI lesions contained significantly larger abnormal T1-T2 component (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively), and significantly larger abnormal diffusion-T2 component (P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, within patients with traumatic brain injury the multidimensional MRI biomarkers differentiated normal-appearing white matter from mild and severe DAI lesions, with significantly larger abnormal T1-T2 and diffusion-T2 components (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively, for T1-T2; P = 0.022 and P < 0.001, respectively, for diffusion-T2). Conversely, none of the conventional quantitative MRI parameters were able to differentiate lesions and normal-appearing white matter. Lastly, we found that the abnormal T1-T2, diffusion-T1, and diffusion-T2 components and their axonal damage images were strongly correlated with quantitative APP staining (r = 0.876, P < 0.001; r = 0.727, P < 0.001; and r = 0.743, P < 0.001, respectively), while producing negligible intensities in grey matter and in normal-appearing white matter. These results suggest that multidimensional MRI may provide non-invasive biomarkers for detection of DAI, which is the pathological substrate for neurological disorders ranging from concussion to severe traumatic brain injury.
Filling the gap between risk assessment and molecular determinants of tumor onset
Authors: Chiara Federica , Indraccolo Stefano , Trevisan Andrea
Published: December 2020

In the past two decades, a ponderous epidemiological literature has causally linked tumor onset to environmental exposure to carcinogens. As consequence, risk assessment studies have been carried out with the aim to identify both predictive models of estimating cancer risks within exposed populations and establishing rules for minimizing hazard when handling carcinogenic compounds. The central assumption of these works is that neoplastic transformation is directly related to the mutational burden of the cell without providing further mechanistic clues to explain increased cancer onset after carcinogen exposure. Nevertheless, in the last few years, a growing number of studies have implemented the traditional models of cancer etiology, proposing that neoplastic transformation is a complex process in which several parameters and crosstalk between tumor and microenvironmental cells must be taken into account and integrated with mutagenesis. In this conceptual framework, the current strategies of risk assessment that are solely based on the ‘mutator model’ require an urgent update and revision to keep pace with advances in our understanding of cancer biology. We will approach this topic revising the most recent theories on the biological mechanisms involved in tumor formation in order to envision a roadmap leading to a future regulatory framework for a new, protective policy of risk assessment.
Indirect Standardization as a Case Mix Adjustment Method to Improve Comparison of Children’s Hospitals’ Antimicrobial Use
Authors: Wattier Rachel L , Thurm Cary W , Parker Sarah K , Banerjee Ritu , Hersh Adam L ,   Pediatric Health Information System Antimicrobial Stewardship Research Group, Brogan Thomas V , Courter Joshua D , Gerber Jeffrey S , Kronman Matthew P , Lee Brian R , Nakamura Mari M , Newland Jason G , Patel Sameer J , Shah Samir S , Smith Michael J , Spaulding Alicen B
Published: December 2020

Antimicrobial use (AU) in days of therapy per 1000 patient-days (DOT/1000 pd) varies widely among children’s hospitals. We evaluated indirect standardization to adjust AU for case mix, a source of variation inadequately addressed by current measurements. Hospitalizations from the Pediatric Health Information System were grouped into 85 clinical strata. Observed to expected (O:E) ratios were calculated by indirect standardization and compared with DOT/1000 pd. Outliers were defined by O:E z-scores. Antibacterial DOT/1000 pd ranged from 345 to 776 (2.2-fold variation; interquartile range [IQR] 552–679), whereas O:E ratios ranged from 0.8 to 1.14 (1.4-fold variation; IQR 0.93–1.05). O:E ratios were moderately correlated with DOT/1000 pd (correlation estimate 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.19–0.64; P = .0009). Using indirect standardization to adjust for case mix reduces apparent AU variation and may enhance stewardship efforts by providing adjusted comparisons to inform interventions.
A New Blind Watermark Embedding Model: Spiral Updated Rider Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Narasimhulu C Venkata
Published: December 2020

In this era, the exchanging of multimedia content has become much comfortable. Since the distribution and the illegal copying of digital multimedia content have become much easier, an author’s intellectual property copyrights have suffered from the violations that led to many damage to their benefits in many applications. This paper intends to propose a novel digital watermarking model for multimedia copyright protection that is based on 3D wavelet transformation. Initially, histogram-based motion frame extraction is conducted on the color video for which keyframes are extracted based on the extracted motion frames. To embed the watermark in the keyframes, 3D wavelet coefficients are selected followed by applying the spread spectrum technique. To conduct precise and effective embedding, it is planned to introduce fine-tuning aspects in the embedding process. As the intensity factor plays a major role in the embedding process, this paper tunes it rather than selecting randomly. Moreover, the Mersenne-Twister algorithm is known for spreading the power spectrum of watermark data to keep invisible. Hence, it is also intended to tune the seed factor of the respective algorithm to further effectuate the spreading process. These tuning processes can be solved as an optimization problem for which this paper proposes a new hybrid optimization algorithm named Spiral Updated Rider Optimization Algorithm (SU-ROA). SU-ROA is a hybrid variant of the Rider Optimization Algorithm (ROA) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). The performance of the proposed work is compared and proved over the state-of-the-art models in terms of both embedding and extracting effectiveness.
Knowledge, Communication, and Anti-Critical Publicity: The Friedmans’ Market Public
Authors: Asen Robert
Published: December 2020

Focusing on the writings of Milton and Rose Friedman, this article explicates a model of a market public as the normative mode of public engagement in a neoliberal regime of governance. The Friedmans’ market public narrowly construes conceptions of knowledge as arising from direct experience and communication as information exchange. Knowledge as direct experience supports the putative universality of self-interest and the sovereignty of individuals as exclusive public actors. Presuming a uniformity of understanding, communication as information exchange dissociates advocates from messages and contributes to the Friedmans’ view of persuasion as an individualistic mode of interaction. Connecting the Friedmans’ model to contemporary scholarly critiques of neoliberalism, I argue that this model portends significant anti-democratic consequences. Citing former U.S. Education Secretary Betsy DeVos’ campaign to reorganize public education as a market, I illustrate the contemporary circulation of this model.
Large-scale regulatory and signaling network assembly through linked open data
Authors: Lefebvre M , Gaignard A , Folschette M , Bourdon J , Guziolowski C
Published: December 2020

Huge efforts are currently underway to address the organization of biological knowledge through linked open databases. These databases can be automatically queried to reconstruct regulatory and signaling networks. However, assembling networks implies manual operations due to source-specific identification of biological entities and relationships, multiple life-science databases with redundant information and the difficulty of recovering logical flows in biological pathways. We propose a framework based on Semantic Web technologies to automate the reconstruction of large-scale regulatory and signaling networks in the context of tumor cells modeling and drug screening. The proposed tool is pyBRAvo (python Biological netwoRk Assembly), and here we have applied it to a dataset of 910 gene expression measurements issued from liver cancer patients. The tool is publicly available at https://github.com/pyBRAvo/pyBRAvo.
Clinical pathways and outcomes of patients with Barrett’s esophagus in tertiary care settings: a prospective longitudinal cohort study in Australia, 2008–2016
Authors: Na Renhua , Miura Kyoko , O’Brien Suzanne , Eslick Guy D , Kendall Bradley J , Hourigan Luke F , Bourke Michael , Cox Michael R , Farrokhzadi Laal , Levert-Mignon Angelique J , Barbour Andrew P , Clemons Nicholas J , Duong Cuong P , Lord Reginald V , Phillips Wayne A , Watson David I , Whiteman David C
Published: December 2020

Background

Clinical services for Barrett’s esophagus have been rising worldwide including Australia, but little is known of the long-term outcomes of such patients. Retrospective studies using data at baseline are prone to both selection and misclassification bias. We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of Barrett’s esophagus patients in a prospective cohort.

Methods

We recruited patients diagnosed with Barrett’s esophagus in tertiary settings across Australia between 2008 and 2016. We compared baseline and follow-up epidemiological and clinical data between Barrett’s patients with and without dysplasia. We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates and estimated minimally and fully adjusted hazard ratios (HR) to identify those clinical factors related to disease progression.

Results

The cohort comprised 268 patients with Barrett’s esophagus (median follow-up 5 years). At recruitment, 224 (84%) had no dysplasia, 44 (16%) had low-grade or indefinite dysplasia (LGD/IND). The age-adjusted incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) was 0.5% per year in LGD/IND compared with 0.1% per year in those with no dysplasia. Risk of progression to high-grade dysplasia/EAC was associated with prior LGD/IND (fully adjusted HR 6.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96–21.8) but not long-segment disease (HR 1.03, 95%CI 0.29–3.58).

Conclusions

These prospective data suggest presence of dysplasia is a stronger predictor of progression to cancer than segment length in patients with Barrett’s esophagus.
Extensive pulmonary metastases in young boy with primary cardiac angiosarcoma: a case report
Authors: van Wyk Gerhard , Weich Hellmuth , Joubert Zirkia , de Jager Louis Johann , McCree Kevin , John Thadathilankal-Jess
Published: December 2020

Background

Malignant primary cardiac neoplasms are rare and primary cardiac angiosarcoma is the most common and aggressive subtype. It most commonly presents in middle-aged males and due to its non-specific clinical presentation, the diagnosis is often delayed until advanced disease is already present. Clinical presentation is determined by manifestations of local infiltration or metastatic disease and making an early diagnosis is extremely challenging.

Case summary

A 15-year-old previously healthy boy was admitted to the emergency department with a history of pathological weight loss and functional decline. The patient was found to have a left-sided pneumothorax as well as bilateral diffusely spread pulmonary nodules on plain chest radiograph. Computed tomography chest confirmed widespread pulmonary metastases and a right atrial filling defect. Echocardiography revealed a right atrial tumour and transvenous endomyocardial biopsy of the tumour was done under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance. A diagnosis of primary cardiac angiosarcoma was made. The patient demised shortly after presentation.

Discussion

Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is rare and even more so in patients as young as the case described. The diagnostic process poses several challenges to the clinician, of which the obtaining of a histological sample is one. This case report demonstrates aspects both unique and typical of this rare disease. It also describes an effective option for obtaining tissue for a histological diagnosis in patients whose clinical condition may not allow biopsy under general anaesthesia.
Effusive-constrictive cholesterol pericarditis: a case report
Authors: Shergill Simran , Davies James , Cairns Naomi
Published: December 2020

Background

Cholesterol pericarditis (CP) remains a rare pericardial disease characterized by chronic pericardial effusions with high cholesterol concentrations with or without the formation of cholesterol crystals. Effusions are often large and can cause ventricular compression and subsequent pericardial adhesion formation. CP can be idiopathic but has associations with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), tuberculosis and hypothyroidism.

Case summary

We present a case of a 72-year-old male with a background of seropositive RA with a finding of an incidental pericardial effusion on computed tomography thorax abdomen and pelvis. Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a large effusion with echocardiographic features of tamponade. On review, he was breathless with a raised venous pressure, bilateral ankle oedema, and pulsus paradoxus was present. Pericardial drainage was performed with fluid analysis demonstrating a cholesterol concentration of 8.3 mmol/L and numerous cholesterol crystal formation. Interval imaging demonstrated recurrence of the effusion with pericardial thickening and progressive constriction. He remained asymptomatic and underwent a successful pericardial window. At present, he is under close clinical outpatient surveillance with symptoms guiding a future pericardiectomy if warranted.

Discussion

CP can present as an emergent situation with signs and symptoms of acute heart failure with prompt pericardiocentesis required in cases of clinical tamponade. However, the disease course is often one of chronicity with relapsing large effusions that tend to recur following drainage, with the development of pericardial constriction necessitating pericardiectomy for definitive management.
Mapping the literature on primary care research reporting: a scoping review
Authors: Phillips William R , Louden Diana Nelson , Sturgiss Elizabeth
Published: December 2020

Background

Despite broad efforts to improve the reporting of biomedical research, no reporting guideline exists for primary care (PC) research. Little is known about current reporting practices or how well reports meet the needs of varied users in PC.

Objective

To map the published literature on PC research reporting: quality, strengths and weaknesses, recommendations and efforts to improve reporting.

Methods

Scoping review of literature across seven major databases and search engines to identify all articles on PC research reporting published in English, 2000–20. An additional secondary search of references of these 25 articles and consideration of expert panel suggestions. Structured data extraction by multiple reviewers using a predetermined form.

Results

Search yielded 2847 unique titles, of which 126 underwent full-text review and 25 met inclusion criteria. Publications included opinion pieces (9), systematic reviews (5), methods articles (2), literature reviews (4), qualitative studies (4) and surveys (1). Studies focussed on a variety of topics and research methods. All publications identified the need for improved reporting and recommended items to include in reports. Most commonly, publications cited the need for more detailed reporting on the context of study interventions, clinical settings and health care systems. Most publications endorsed the use of reporting guidelines and recognized the unique needs of PC research reporting.

Conclusions

Published research and opinion identify unique needs for PC research reports and support new guidance to improve the validity, generalizability and application of study findings.