bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nervous system: A review of the literature on neurological involvement in novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
Authors: Payus Alvin Oliver , Liew Sat Lin Constance , Mohd Noh Malehah , Jeffree Mohammad Saffree , Ali Raymond Azman
Published: June 2020

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to have emerged from an animal source and has been spreading rapidly among humans. Recent evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 exhibits neurotropic properties and causes neurological diseases. Here we review the literature on neurological involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infections and the possible mechanisms of invasion of the nervous system by this virus, to provide a summary and critical analysis of the early reporting of neurological involvement in COVID-19. An exhaustive search of scientific articles on neurological involvement in COVID-19 was performed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Medline/PubMed, and several other databases. Nineteen relevant articles that had been published or were in preprint were carefully selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Based on our research, we found that patients with COVID-19 can present with neurological symptoms that can be broadly divided into central nervous system involvement, such as headache, dizziness, altered mental state, and disorientation, and peripheral nervous system involvement, such as anosmia and hypogeusia. Most of these patients are in the older age group and exhibit comorbidities, especially hypertension, and severe infection. In extreme presentations of COVID-19, some patients exhibit seizures, stroke, flaccid paraparesis, corticospinal weakness, and even coma. Moreover, the neurological manifestations can occur independently of the respiratory system. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multiple neurological syndromes in a more complex presentation. Therefore, this review elucidated the involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection and will hopefully help improve the management of COVID-19.
Methods for Substantiating the Spatial Characteristics of the Laser Beam of Telecommunication Systems when Getting into Communication with Airborne Control Objects
Authors: Kalinin Vasily S. , Koziratsky Anton A.
Published: June 2020

Based on the method of functional conversion of random variables, a method has been developed for estimating the density of distribution of fluctuating radiation intensity of a transmitting laser at the input of the receiver, which allows to optimize the divergence angle when getting into communication, taking into account the accuracy of laser beam aiming and the fluctuation characteristics of laser radiation
Software and Hardware Simulation of Radar System Signals of the Vertical Sounding
Authors: Garin Evgeniy N. , Ratushnyak Vasiliy N. , Gladyshev Andrey B. , Smirnov Dmitriy I.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the main requirements for the structure of radar signals, the features of their formation, and the software and hardware radar signal complex of the vertical atmospheric sounding. The hardware radar implementation based on the PXI modules made by National Instruments and Keysight is given. The software LabVIEW model performing formation and generation of radar pulses with different types of phase and amplitude phase modulation and their spectral analysis are presented
LIFE QUALITY OF RIVNE REGION POPULATION: GEOGRAPHICAL ASPECT
Authors: Kalko Andriy Dmytrovych , Yaromenko Oksana Volodymyrivna , Osipchuk Iryna Olegivna , Муronets Nіnа Rostyslavivna
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the general life satisfaction of the population of Rivne region by the constituent elements of life quality.

Method. The method of population life quality research of Y.Krupnov was used. The general and static methods, systematic and structural analysis methods, comparative-geographical method have been applied. The regional and national statistics, profile agencies reports have been compiled.

Results. The state of demographic well-being of Rivne region is defined as high, the region has one of the highest fertility rates in Ukraine and low numbers of natural decline. The assessment of the quality of life of the population in the category of "health" is with average values in Ukraine. The most common in the region are circulatory system diseases and neoplasms and a high mortality rate from injuries and poisoning. The average life expectancy of the population is 71.6 years and is slightly higher than in Ukraine. The security of the population of the region by individual and social conditions, especially by economic indicators, is low. There is a decrease in the number of general secondary education institutions in the region, but the increase in the number of preschool institutions Improvement in the region's communications corresponds to the level of improvement in Ukraine, and, in our opinion, indicates a sufficient level of quality of life for the population in this category. The average wage in the Rivne region is lower than the national average. The quality of life of the population of Rivne region is estimated as above average and the most effective directions of its growth are substantiated: the fight against poverty through expansion of employment and reduction of the unemployment rate; regulation of the minimum wage, increase of pensions; development and implementation of measures to stimulate the development of small and medium-sized businesses, etc.

Scientific novelty. The geographical aspect of the level of population life satisfaction of the studied region is revealed. For the first time the category "life quality" was systematically analyzed by its structural elements on the example of Rivne region.

Practical importance. This research results reveal the level of life satisfaction of the population of Rivne region in comparative-geographical aspect and measures to increase it. They can be used to analyze the life quality of the other Ukraine regions population. They can be applied in drawing up programs of regional socio-economic development.
The influence of the locomotor stump’s form on the ocular prosthetics result with different methods of eye removal
Authors: Baranova Nadezhda A. , Senina Irina A. , Nikolaenko Vadim P.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To determine the optimal shape of the locomotor stump and the configuration of the corresponding ocular prosthesis, ensuring their maximum motility in patients with anophthalmia with different methods of eye removal.

Materials and methods. The study group consisted of 132 patients aged 1880 years after enucleation or evisceration. Examination methods included medical history; examination of eyelids, measurement of length and width of the palpebral fissure, as well as of the depth of conjunctival fornices on both sides; assessment of the volume, shape, surface topography, position and excursions of the locomotor stump, of the protrusion of the ocular prosthesis compared to the contralateral eye; photo registration of the studied parameters.

Results. During the study, there were 3 types of locomotor stump identified: moderate with retraction in the upper third; voluminous flattened; voluminous hemispherical. The locomotor stump after enucleation was voluminous flattened or moderate with retraction in the upper third. The best motility of the locomotor stump was noted nasally and downward. The motility of the ocular prosthesis was 47.4% compared to the contralateral eye. The locomotor stump after evisceration with keratectomy was voluminous hemispherical or voluminous flattened. Its motility in all four directions was about the same. The motility of the ocular prosthesis in comparison to the contralateral eye was 55.9%. The locomotor stump after evisceration without keratectomy was voluminous hemispherical, uniform, smooth. The motility of the locomotor stump was maximal in comparison to other groups and relatively equal in all four directions. The motility of the ocular prosthesis in comparison to the contralateral eye was 68.2%.

Conclusion. The optimal shape of the locomotor stump, providing the greatest motility of the ocular prosthesis is voluminous hemispherical. The same protrusion of the eyeball and that of the cosmetic prosthesis relatively to the frontal plane after enucleation is achieved by increasing the thickness of the prosthesis itself, which reduces its motility. Evisceration with implantation of the orbital prosthesis involves the use of a thin-walled ocular prosthesis, the back surface of which ideally repeats the locomotor stump surface and does not prevent its maximum motility. When removing a squinting eyeball with preserved corneal diameter, a smaller implant should be used to prevent excessive opening of the palpebral fissure, or to prefer evisceration with keratectomy.
Cases of mumps development in outbreak incidence: clinical and epidemiological observation
Authors: Postanogova N. O. , Semerikov V. V. , Sofronova L. V. , Woldschmid N. B.
Published: June 2020

Objective. To study the clinically significant differential diagnostic signs of mumps.

Materials and methods. Medical records of hospital patients (form № 003/у) with mumps (n = 12) and extraordinary report of epidemiological detection of epidemic mumps focus over the period 27.11.2017 to 02.02.2018 among the members of Hockey Club MP were used. Quantitative data are presented as M , where M mean value, standard deviation; indices characterizing qualitative signs were determined in percent (%).

Results. Clinical-laboratory features of mumps during outbreak in conditions of multiyear practice of vaccine prevention are presented. Among the hospitalized patients, inflammation of parotid gland was observed in 100 %, pancreatitis in 83 %, orchitis in 25 %. These cases of disease in Russia are interesting in connection with a single registration of clinical cases of infection for the recent years sporadic level of disease. The cases of disease are presented by clinical and laboratory manifestations of the same type in an organized group of subjects going in for sports, who came from North China.

Conclusions. During mumps outbreak in Perm, the clinical picture was characterized by a unilateral inflammation of the parotid salivary glands followed by bilateral damage and involvement of other glandular organs (pancreas, ovaries). The cause of mumps ictus in the studied territory was the infection, brought to an organized team of the hockey club MP against the background of reduced with age concentration of the level of protective antibodies to mumps.
Type 2 Diabetes in China – Considering Both Insurance Products and Individual Health Factors
Authors: Ying Celia Zhang
Published: June 2020

For the past 30 years, the increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in China has reached epidemic proportions. As a result, risk assessment guidelines need to be updated by taking into consideration of improvements in medical treatment and lifestyle intervention. This especially applies to living insurance benefit policies (such as critical illness and total permanent disability) and to medical products (hospitalization reimbursement and certain DM-related treatment benefits).

This will require taking into account the current epidemic figures of T2DM in China in pricing, targeting the correct insured group for the DM products and getting the correct risk profile by applying a dynamic underwriting protocol (such as using the rewards for medical intervention, and for primary prevention efforts to screen individuals who are at high-risk of diabetes).

This article analyzes both studies and surveys that been conducted in China showing the progress of this epidemic.
Magnitude-Dependent Transient Increase of Seismogenic Depth
Authors: Zielke Olaf , Schorlemmer Danijel , Jónsson Sigurjon , Mai Paul Martin
Published: June 2020

The thickness of the seismogenic zone in the Earth’s crust plays an important role in seismotectonics, affecting fault-system architecture and relative fault activity, earthquake size and distribution within a fault system, as well as long-term accumulation of tectonic deformation. Within the last two decades, several studies have revealed that aftershocks of large continental earthquakes may occur below the background depth of the seismogenic zone, that is, below the seismic–aseismic transition zone. This observation may be explained with a strain- and strain-rate-induced shift in rheological behavior that follows large mainshocks, transiently changing the deformation style below the seismogenic zone from incipient ductile to seismically brittle failure. As large earthquakes transiently deepen the seismic–aseismic transition zone, it is plausible to assume that larger mainshocks may cause stronger deepening than smaller mainshocks. Corresponding observations, however, have not yet been reported. Here, we use well-located seismic catalogs from Alaska, California, Japan, and Turkey to analyze if mainshock size positively correlates with the amount of transient deepening of the seismic–aseismic transition zone. We compare the depths of background seismicity with aftershock depths of 16 continental strike-slip earthquakes (6≤M≤7.8) and find that large mainshocks do cause stronger transient deepening than moderate-size mainshocks. We further suggest that this deepening effect also applies to the mainshocks themselves, with larger mainshock coseismic ruptures being capable of extending deeper into the normally aseismic zone. This understanding may help address fundamental questions of earthquake-source physics such as the assumed scale invariance of earthquake stress drop and whether fault-slip scales with rupture length or rupture width.
Origin Time of the 1854 Ansei–Tokai Tsunami Estimated from Tide Gauge Records on the West Coast of North America
Authors: Kusumoto Satoshi , Imai Kentaro , Obayashi Ryoko , Hori Takane , Takahashi Narumi , Ho Tung–Cheng , Uno Karen , Tanioka Yuichiro , Satake Kenji
Published: June 2020

We estimated the origin time of the 1854 Ansei–Tokai tsunami from the tsunami waveforms recorded at three tide gauge stations (Astoria, San Francisco, and San Diego) on the west coast of North America. The tsunami signal is apparent in the San Francisco and San Diego records, and the arrival time was 0–1 p.m. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) on 23 December 1854, whereas the tsunami signal of Astoria is ambiguous, and the arrival time could not be determined from the waveform. The simulated waveforms on the basis of nonlinear dispersive wave theory by assuming an origin time of 0 a.m. GMT on 23 December arrived earlier than the observations. Cross-correlation functions between the observed and simulated waveforms recorded at San Francisco and San Diego showed a time gap between them of approximately 30 min. Based on these results, we concluded that the origin time of the 1854 Ansei–Tokai tsunami was approximately 00:30 a.m. GMT or 09:46 local time on 23 December. Our result is roughly consistent with reports by a Russian frigate anchored in Shimoda Bay, ranging the earthquake between 09:00 and 09:45 and the tsunami between 09:30 and 10:00. The earthquake was also reported in historical Japanese documents ranging from 8 and 10 o’clock in local time.
Pengaruh Suhu Pengeringan Terhadap Mutu Teh Cascara dari Kulit Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Ariva Arinda Nur , Widyasanti Asri , Nurjanah Sarifah
Published: June 2020

One of the biggest plantation export commodities is coffee, with the number of products increasing every year. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is the most widely produced in West Java with average production 9,736 tons from 2014 - 2018. The by-product of coffee production resulting in water and soil pollution due to high moisture content and polyphenol content which is toxic to soil. Reduction of coffee pulp waste could be done by making animal feed and cascara tea. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of drying temperature using a convection oven on the characteristics of cascara tea quality. The drying temperatures used were 35 °C, 40 °C, 45 °C, 50 °C, and 55 °C. The research method used a laboratory experiment with descriptive analysis. The result showed that the difference in drying temperature could affect the characteristics of cascara tea quality. The best treatment was 45 °C of drying temperature with total yield was 6,61 ± 0,06 %, moisture content was 6,5705 ± 0,0272 % (w/w), ash content was 8,2107 ± 0,3195 % (w/w), polyphenol content was 14,2828 ± 0,2086 % (w/w). The organoleptic test result showed commercial cascara was ranked first with taste’s score was 3 (neutral), flavor’s score was 3 (neutral), and color’s score was 4 (like).
ACTUALIDAD Y UTILIDAD DE LAS CONSTITUCIONES DE ANDERSON
Authors: Canales Aliende José Manuel
Published: June 2020

Al igual que los números precedentes de ésta colección de Estudios e Informes, es para mí también una gran satisfacción y un honor, presentar este número 6 de la misma; máxime cuando se trata de divulgar un texto clásico, pero a la vez moderno, que nos aporta en mi opinión una serie de reflexiones de gran actualidad y utilidad.
Influence of Mechanical Scarification and Open-Field Sowing Procedure over Cassia ferruginea Germination Process
Authors: Regnier Leonardo
Published: June 2020

Seed dormancy implicates on delay and hampers seedling production. The increasing demand for greater seedlings production favors techniques that overcome seed dormancy. Cassia ferruginea is an economically relevant species that seeds present tegumentar dormancy, and there is no registry of the best sowing approach. In order to evaluate the influence of the mechanical scarification procedure, and open-field production method in the germination process of Cassia ferruginea, about five thousand seeds were evenly distributed between control and mechanical scarification with emery. The control group presented a low germination rate during the period of analysis. However, mean germination time and mean time to stabilize germination were remarkably lower to scarified seeds, also presenting higher germination rates and synchronization. The sporadic and low germination pattern observed in the control group is associated with ecological implications. The open-field production process presented significant differences to important indexes when compared to the greenhouse production process. Thus, mechanical scarification with emery is an appropriate method to overcome Cassia ferruginea seed dormancy, providing a faster, synchronized, and better seed lot exploitation. Favorable aspects of commercial seedling production. While the open-field production process was not adequate for seedling production.
High- and Low-Voltage Mitigation in Distribution Systems Using Residential Static Volt-Ampere Reactive Compensators
Authors: Valdepeña Delgado Andrés
Published: June 2020

Power distribution systems are experiencing a fast transformation from simple one-way radial feeders to complex systems with multiple sources and bidirectional power flows. The rapid increase of Distributed Generation (DG) connected to the distribution system over the last decade, especially solar photovoltaic (PV), has been the key element to this transformation.

The variable nature of PV-based DG has increased the complexity of voltage regulation in distribution systems. Electric Utilities are facing an increasing number of voltage issues in distribution systems with high penetration of DGs, leading customers to experience voltage levels outside of range A of the ANSI C84.1 standard. Electric Utilities have to expend resources, both human and economic, to mitigate the voltage issues caused by the interconnection of DG. The economic impact of voltage issues can be considerable in some cases.

Conventional methods to mitigate voltage issues in distribution systems, such as the addition of voltage regulators and capacitor banks, could be ineffective in mitigating localized voltage issues caused by high levels of DG penetration. Other mitigation options, such as increasing the conductor size and the operating voltage of the feeder, are expensive.

There is a clear need in the industry to locally solve voltage issues economically. In this dissertation, a new device, a Residential Static Volt-Ampere Reactive Compensator (RSVC), is proposed. The RSVC is used to mitigate low and high voltage issues by deploying them in a feeder with a high DG penetration level.

This dissertation will investigate the interaction between solar inverters, voltage regulators and capacitor banks with the proposed RSVC. In order to reduce the number of buses to be analysed, the use of loss sensitivity factors will determine the candidate buses to host a RSVC.

The results of this dissertation show that the use of RSVCs is able to mitigate low and high voltage conditions. Simulation results show that the RSVCs are able to control the voltage by absorbing and injecting reactive power according to the voltage seen at their terminals. Similar commercially available devices are not able to handle the injection and absorption of reactive power and are limited to handle either injection of reactive power or absorption of reactive power. The most common devices provide the capability of injecting reactive power.
On Bayesian estimation of step stress accelerated life testing for exponentiated Lomax distribution based on censored samples
Authors: Alotaibi Refah Mohamed , Rezk Hoda Ragab
Published: June 2020

In reliability analysis and life-testing experiments, the researcher is often interested in the effects of changing stress factors such as “temperature”, “voltage” and “load” on the lifetimes of the units. Step-stress (SS) test, which is a special class from the well-known accelerated life-tests, allows the experimenter to increase the stress levels at some constant times to obtain information on the unknown parameters of the life models more speedily than under usual operating conditions. In this paper, a simple SS model from the exponentiated Lomax (ExpLx) distribution when there is time limitation on the duration of the experiment is considered. Bayesian estimates of the parameters assuming a cumulative exposure model with lifetimes being ExpLx distribution are resultant using Markov chain Monte Carlo (M.C.M.C) procedures. Also, the credible intervals and predicted values of the scale parameter, reliability and hazard are derived. Finally, the numerical study and real data are presented to illustrate the proposed study
Ontological turns in contemporary political science: in search for compliance with politics
Authors: Smorgunov Leonid V.
Published: June 2020

The article reveals the content of the main trends in the development of contemporary political science in connection with crisis phenomena affecting its thematic, methodological and theoretical problems, as well as its connection with real political practice. The logic of the search for new political thinking consists in a sequential transition from solving the problems of the crisis in the field of interdisciplinary methodological synthesis to considering the unity of political methodology and ontology, and then to ontologizing political studies expressed in two ontological turns. Interdisciplinary synthesis involves overcoming the boundaries between qualitative and quantitative research, as well as the natural and social sciences. The unity of political methodology and ontology was based on the recognition of the primacy of substantive political research. The first ontological turn concerned criticism of the post-political review of politics and attempts to substantiate political theory and philosophy as a fact of politics. In the thematic plan, attention was paid to disclosing the content of the political and substantiating the relationship between philosophy and politics. The second ontological turn led to the politicization of ontology and the ontologization of politics by criticizing metaphysics, rationalism, and human subjectivity. This turn is expressed in the new political realism, which includes actor-network theory and object-oriented ontology.
The issue of evaluating the effectiveness of public administration in modern Russia
Authors: Kiseleva Natalia V.
Published: June 2020

In the article the major stages in the implementation of effectiveness performance of executive government bodies in Russian Federation are presented during the period 2004-2019. It is demonstrated that the new system of evaluation criteria has been developed alongside two key directions. The first one is connected with the increase of significance of sociological indicators, reflecting the estimates by the region population the performance of executive government, dealing with a broad spectrum of issues. The second perspective of the development presupposes the use of the system of indicators, which enable us to evaluate the effectiveness of performance of separate power holders. Introduction of the system of Key Performance Indicators (KPI) in 2019 contributed to the integration of the above mentioned directions in the development of methodic of effectiveness evaluation of power bodies’s performance and management. The practice of implementation of key performance indicators in Russia, its first experience and limitations are under consideration. In particular, in spite of the significance of sociological criterion, that has been included in the system of evaluation, its particular methodic of calculation is not confirmed. This limitation obstructs the very usage of this methodic, contributes to the politization of the results of its implementation. The conclusion is made that the content of the introduced in different times methodics and indicators deals with the current demands of central power bodies and the state in general. The process of perfection of the evaluation system of executive power’s effectiveness of regions in Russia is not finished and is in the process of its further consideration.
Peculiarities of the Perception of the Lexemes of the Semantic Group «Internal human organs» by Ordinary and Professional Linguistic Consciousness (based on the material of the lexeme heart)
Authors: Shamanova Marina V. , Vinogradova Maria V.
Published: June 2020

There is psycholinguistic description of the lexeme heart as a component of the semantic group «Internal human organs» is providing in this article. The associative fields of the lexeme heart were formed on the basis of a free associative experiment. This associative experiment was conducted in two groups of respondents: the doctors, the group of students of a medical university, and students of the humanitarian faculties, who doesn’t have medical education. The specificities of the psycholinguistic significance were detected this lexeme in ordinary and professional language consciousness when associative fields, their core and periphery were comparing. The psycholinguistic significance of this lexeme in the two groups is different. The basic meanings, peripheral fields do not match. People who work in medical sphere gave the larger terminological medical vocabulary. It shows the professional awareness of this lexeme by specialists. Psycholinguistic meanings are compared with a generalized lexicographic description. The lexicographic meaning of the lexeme of the heart is wider than the psycholinguistic meaning during the approaches of convergence of the core of the semanthem in the vocabulary descriptions and the results of the experiment. The conclusion was made on the data about the features of the awareness of the lexeme of heart by ordinary and professional language consciousness.
Unstable Intertrochanteric Femur Fracture in Elderly Treated with Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Versus Dynamic Hip Screw - A Prospective Comparative Study
Authors: Pangavane Sandeep , Challawar Nikhil , Kulkarni Ameya , Nebhani Nimesh , Agrawal Nitish , Bhalerao Bhalchandra
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Intertrochanteric fractures are one of the most common fractures in elderly population and have a huge impact on the health care system of the society. Objectives: The objective of our study was to compare functional outcome and complication rates of bipolar hemiarthroplasty to dynamic hip screw which is a established procedure for unstable intertrochanteric fracture femur. Materials and Methods: The present study included 50 patients over the age of 55 years, 25 undergoing bipolar hemiarthroplasty and 25 undergoing dynamic hip screw for unstable intertrochanteric fracture femur and their functional outcomes were compared with Harris hip score. Results: We found that the average Harris hip score was better for the bipolar hemiarthroplasty group than for the dynamic hip screw group at 6 months. Conclusion: Bipolar hemiarthroplasty is an effective alternative to dynamic hip screw for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients as it has a good function outcome and lower complication rate. A larger randomized control trial has to be conducted to arrive at a conclusion.
An Observational Study of Dermatological Manifestations in Patients of Chronic Renal Failure Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Kelkar Madhur Bharat , Kote Rahul , Gugle Anil S. , Pawar Manoj , Kumawat Shrikant
Published: June 2020

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) presents with an array of cutaneous manifestations. Newer changes are being described since the advent of hemodialysis, which prolongs the life expectancy, giving time for these changes to manifest. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dermatologic problems among patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: ninty three .. patients with CRF on hemodialysis were examined for cutaneous changes. Results: all the  patients complained of some skin problem. The most prevalent finding was xerosis (54.8%), followed by pallor (21.5%), pruritus (19.35%) and cutaneous pigmentation (18.3%). Other cutaneous manifestations included Kyrle's disease (5.4%); fungal (5.4%), bacterial (6.5%) and viral (3.2%) infections; purpura (9.7%). The nail changes included half and half nail (21%), koilonychia (39.78%), onychomycosis (1.08%), onychorrhexis (6.45%), splinter hemorrhages (1.08%), and Beau's lines (2%). Hair changes included sparse  hair (18.28%), and brittle and lusterless hair (11.83%). Oral changes included macroglossia with teeth markings (23.65%), . Some rare manifestations of CRF like uremic frost, gynecomastia and pseudo-Kaposi's sarcoma were not observed. Conclusions: CRF is associated with a complex array of cutaneous manifestations caused either by the disease or by treatment. The commonest are xerosis and pruritus and the early recognition of cutaneous signs can relieve suffering and decrease morbidity.
Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome: Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome after Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Borrse Mrunall Arun , Mahadik Sanjay , Balwir Dhiraj
Published: June 2020

Background: Pseudoexfoliation (PXF) is an age related, systemic, elastic fibrillopathy causes serious complications during cataract surgery such as zonular dialysis, capsular rupture and vitreous loss. Aim: To study the profile of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and outcome after Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based, prospective study was conducted at Tertiary Care Hospital between August 2016 to September 2018. PXF was diagnosed on slit lamp examination by the presence of white dandruff like material in anterior segment. Gonioscopy was done to know the status of angles, pigmentation and presence of PXF material. Results: Out of 80 patients with PXF who underwent manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS), 17 patients had complications. Zonular Dialysis alone was found in 3 eyes (17.65%) and Zonular Dialysis with Vitreous Loss was seen in 4 eyes (23.53%). Only Posterior Capsular Rent (PCR) was found in 2 eyes (11.76%) and PCR with Vitreous Loss was found in 4 eyes (23.53%). Sphincter Tear was noted in 3 eyes (17.65%) and Iridodialysis was seen in one eye (5.88%). Conclusions: Ophthalmologists should focus on the detection of PXF especially considering the risks for intraoperative complications related to PXF. The diagnosis of PXF may also be important in the management of cataract in these patients.
A Clinical Study of Cholelithiasis at a Tertiary Health Care Centre
Authors: Bhamre Sudhir D. , Dikle Ajit M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is the most common disease state involving the gallbladder and biliary tree. Gallstones become symptomatic only when they obstruct a visceral structure. In developing countries, there exists a trend toward an increasing prevalence of the risk factors for gallstone disease. Materials and Methods: Cases were selected after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thereafter data collection was done by meticulous history taking, clinical examination, appropriate laboratory and radiological investigations, operative findings, and post operative evaluation of cases. Results: This study comprised of 52 cases. Female to male ratio was 15:11. The most common presenting complaint was pain in abdomen in 49 (94.23%) patients. On clinical examination most common sign was tenderness in 48 (92.31%) patients. Abdominal ultrasonography showed gallstones in all cases. Either laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy was performed. Complications included wound infection, haemorrhage, and bile duct injury. On histo-pathological examination the most common finding was chronic Cholecystitis seen in 39 (75.00%) cases. Conclusion: The incidence of disease was more in females. The most common complaint was pain and the most common sign was tenderness. Abdominal ultrasonography should be imaging study of choice for suspected cases of cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice.
Screening of the Mobile Phones of Resident Doctors for Microbial Contamination in Tertiary Health Care Center
Authors: Madkar Sapana , Phatale Sunita , Gondhali Gayatri
Published: June 2020

Background: Use of mobile phones for communication is increasingly becoming important today. Mobile phones can carry various harmful microbes and can acts as exogenous source of infection in hospital acquired infections. Aims: To screen the mobile phones of resident doctors for microbial contamination in tertiary health care center. Materials and Methods: swab's were taken from 70 resident doctor's mobile phones by using sterile cotton swab and inoculated on MacConkey agar and Blood agar. Organisms isolated were processed as per standard protocol. Results: out of the 70 mobile phone swabs 62 swabs (88.5%) were contaminated with microorganisms. Eighty-eight microorganisms were isolated from 70 mobile phones. Among 88 isolates, coagulase negative staphylococci were 42(47.73%), Staphylococcus aureus 18(20.45%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, Micrococci were 6(6.82%) each, Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterococcus were 3(3.41%) each. 2 isolates of diphtheroids; Escherichia coli and Bacillus with 1 isolate each. Conclusion: Mobile phones can act as exogenous source of microorganisms and can spread hospital acquired infections. Hence proper infection control practices like proper hand washing should be routinely practiced.
Assessment of Higher Cognitive Domain in the Subject of Community Medicine: Perceptions of Students and Faculty
Authors: Palwe Supriya Dhakne , Almale Balaji Digambar , Patil Rakesh Narayan
Published: June 2020

Background: ‘Assessment drives learning'. A higher level of assessment will have better educational impact on the learner. The conventional assessment tools for cognitive domain assess more of factual knowledge than the applied. The overall goal of Community Medicine is to prepare the undergraduates to function as community and first level physicians and handle real life primary healthcare delivery situations. Contextual or scenario based assessment may help to achieve this goal. Aims and Objectives: 1. To assess the perceptions of undergraduate students and faculty towards higher cognitive assessment in the subject of Community Medicine and 2. To compare the performance of students between traditional and higher cognitive assessment. Materials and Methods: In the present medical educational project, 35 students from 7th semester MBBS were randomly selected. The assessment tool consisted of 5 Structured Short Answer Questions (SAQs) in two parts each. The first part was factual assessment question and the second question was applied aspect assessing the same knowledge area. The scores of students in factual and applied aspect were compared. Also, the perceptions of students and faculty were obtained using a pre-validated questionnaire on a 5 point Likert scale. Results: There was no significant difference between the scores of factual and applied aspect assessment. The students perceived the newer assessment positively. They opined that it will help them imagine real life scenarios, make the subject learning interesting, may increase the retention span and they would prefer it over the factual/mugging-up assessment. The faculty also perceived it positively for better learning by students and it will require more time, planning and efforts than the routine assessments. Conclusion: The higher cognitive domain assessment was perceived positively by both the students and faculty.
COVID-19 E DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS: IMPACTOS E DESDOBRAMENTOS FRENTE À PANDEMIA
Authors: Estrela Fernanda Matheus , Cruz Moniky Araújo da , Gomes Nadirlene Pereira , Oliveira Milena Arão da Silva , Santos Rebeca Dos Santos , Magalhães Júlia Renata Fernandes , Almeida Lílian Conceição Guimarães de
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: refletir sobre o elevado risco de complicações da COVID-19 em pessoas portadoras de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, bem como os possíveis desdobramentos para aqueles acometidos pela doença. Método: revisão narrativa, desenvolvida com base em artigos publicados em periódicos e documentos de órgãos oficiais nacionais. Resultados: o estudo permitiu a reflexão acerca da vulnerabilidade das pessoas com doenças crônicas no contexto de pandemia pelo novo coronavírus, bem como os impactos para esse público. Esse cenário impacta substancialmente nos serviços de saúde, e sinaliza para a necessidade de uma atenção diferenciada no que tange as medidas de prevenção. Conclusão: o atual cenário apresenta-se com muitos desafios para a população, o que requer ações de autocuidado e atendimento às medidas de prevenção que visem o resguardo individual e coletivo.

Descritores: Covid-19. Pandemia. Doença Crônica.
Association of Lung Cancer and Tea-Drinking Habits of Different Subgroup Populations: Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies and Cohort Studies
Authors: GUO Zijun , JIANG Mei , LUO Wenting , HUANG Huimin , SUN Baoqing
Published: June 2020

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between lung cancer and tea-drinking habits of different subgroup populations. Methods: Systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Sinomed databases from database construction until January 2017 for English and Chinese language articles on association of lung cancer and tea drinking. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the combined odds ratio (OR) value and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies and Q-test and I2 was used for heterogeneity testing. Results: Forty two papers were included, 30 case-control studies included 14578 lung cancer patients and 180574 controls, 12 cohort studies included 543825 subjects, of which the outcome was 5085 with lung cancer. Tea drinkers were found to have a decreased OR of lung cancer compared with non-tea drinkers (OR 0. 80, 95% CI: 0. 73, 0. 87). Consumption of green, black or unspecified tea has a protective effect compared with not drinking tea at all. Increased intake of green tea to 7. 5 g per day can further reduce the OR of lung cancer (OR 0. 69, 95% CI: 0. 48-0. 98). Tea consumption had a protective effect against lung cancer in non-smokers, Further analysis found that drinking of one or more cups of tea a day has a protective effect on smokers (OR 0. 79, 95%CI: 0. 64–0. 96). Conclusion: Tea drinking could be a protective factor in lung cancer.
Frailty and Associated Risk Factors in Elderly People with Health Examination in Rural Areas of China
Authors: GU Jie , CHEN Haiying , GU Xiaoqing , SUN Xiaomin , PAN Zhigang , ZHU Shanzhu , YOUNG Doris
Published: June 2020

Background: Frailty is a common syndrome in elderly people, but has not been fully studied in China. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of frailty and analyze its risk factors in elderly people in rural areas of China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2016. Overall, 4323 elderly people over 60 yr were enrolled by cluster random sampling method from the Fengxian District of Shanghai, China. These subjects voluntarily participated in the health examination of the 2016 National Basic Public Health Service Program. In addition to regular examination items, frailty assessment was performed on the basis of Fried frailty phenotype criteria. Results: The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty was 49.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Advanced age (OR=1.44 for pre-frailty and OR=2.01 for frailty, 65-74 years old; OR=3.02 for pre-frailty and OR=14.13 for frailty,75-84 years old; OR=8.17 for pre-frailty and OR=71.71 for frailty, ≥85 years old), female (OR=1.32 for pre-frailty and OR=1.97 for frailty), stroke history (OR=1.75 for pre-frailty and OR=2.43 for frailty), vision decrease (OR=1.98 for pre-frailty and OR=2.70 for frailty), and anemia (OR=1.95 for pre-frailty and OR=3.64 for frailty) were common risk factors for both pre-frailty and frailty. Conclusion: Healthy elderly people in the rural areas of Shanghai have relatively high prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty. Advanced age, female, stroke history, decreased vision, and anemia are the risk factors for pre-frailty and frailty.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure Response during Exercise
Authors: KIM Il-Kon , KANG So-Hyung
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Prevalence of Non-Engineered Buildings and Population at Risk for a Probable Earthquake: A Cross-Sectional Study from an Informal Settlement in Tehran, Iran
Authors: FATHOLLAH Soraya , SAEEDI MOGHADDAM Sahar , MANSOURNIA Mohammad Ali , RAHIMI Mahmoud , ZARE Mehdi , ARDALAN Ali , SHEIDAEI Ali , PEYKARI Niloofar , NADERIMAGHAM Shohreh , FARZADFAR Farshad
Published: June 2020

Background: Constructions in informal settlements not respected any applying rules, regulations of urban planning, and building codes with high population density, are the municipality challenge. We aimed to identify level of buildings seismic vulnerability and population at risk in Tehran’s Farahzad informal settlement in 2017. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, residential buildings were assessed for seismic performance of constructions. We screened 160 buildings according to Iranian national guidelines by Rapid Seismic Visual Screening Method as a tool to calculate and determine Level of Retrofitting (LR) scores of buildings. We also interviewed residents of the buildings to collect data regarding socio-demographic data, individual disability status, Disaster Assessment of Readiness and Training (DART) regarding household disaster preparedness, and time occupancy in the buildings. Results: Overall, 160 buildings with 209 households and 957 individuals were surveyed. 97.5% of buildings were formed of heavy construction materials. None of them were categorized as engineered buildings and LR of residential buildings ranged from 82.4% to 163.8% with a mean 117.9%. LR scores of more than 100% were capped as 100%. Vulnerable groups of the sample population include under-five years old (8.7%), 60 yr old and above (6.7%), and 9.1% of households had at least one disabled member. 16.7% of households were living in homes with dense area. The DART score for 94.3% of surveyed households was zero. Conclusion: Disaster managers in Tehran municipality must design and implement a comprehensive risk reduction plan in poor urban areas as vulnerable regions for earthquake hazard.
Phytochemical Composition and Anti-efflux Pump Activity of Hydroalcoholic, Aqueous, and Hexane Extracts of Artemisia tournefortiana in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Strains of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis
Authors: KHOSRAVANI Marjan , SOLTAN DALLAL Mohammad Mehdi , NOROUZI Mehdi
Published: June 2020

Background: The AcrB efflux pump in Salmonella species plays a significant role in the development of antibiotic resistance in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enteritidis. This study aimed to investigate the anti-efflux pump activity of Artemisia tournefortiana extracts among S. Enteritidis strains. Methods: The hydroalcoholic, aqueous, and hexanolic extracts of A. tournefortiana were prepared and phytochemical composition of extract was determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method. After antibiogram, the AcrB efflux pump was detected in ciprofloxacin intermediate and resistant S. enteritidis strains using cartwheel and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Finally, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of extracts against S. enteritidis strains were evaluated. After treatment of S. enteritidis strains with sub-MIC concentrations of extracts, the expression level of acrB efflux pump gene was evaluated using Real-Time PCR. Results: Phytochemical analysis of extracts using GC/MS method showed that hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (30.7%), and cyclopropane,1-(1-hydroxy-1-heptyl)-2-methylene-3-pentyl (17.8%) were the most dominant volatile components volatile compounds in the extract. The results of antibiogram, cartwheel and PCR methods showed that among 20 strains of S. enteritidis that were resistant and intermediate to ciprofloxacin, 16 strains had AcrB efflux pumps. Finally, Real-Time PCR results showed a significant down-regulation of acrB gene in S. enteritidis strains. Conclusion: A. tournefortiana had anti-efflux activity and this plant can potentially be used as a natural efflux inhibitor for S. enteritidis strains.
Online Reverse Supply Chain: New Layout to Promote Recycling Industry in China, 2015-2019
Authors: WU Di , CHEN Juhong , ZHANG Ruijun
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Progress and Inspiration of Social Capital in the Prevention and Control of Diabetes
Authors: JIANG Hengjun , CHEN Xingling , HU Yuxiu , TAO Feng
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
Post-Traumatic Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case of Hoffa Fracture Nonunion and Review of Literature
Authors: Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad Javad , Ramezanpour Ahmed , Mohammed Yaseen Khan Furqan , Dehghani-Firoozabadi Mohammad Javad
Published: June 2020

Background: Post-traumatic arthroplasty is associated with higher rates of complications and overall inferior outcome when compared with primary joint replacement. Literature revealed no precise guidelines on management of nonunion of Hoffa fracture. Hence, we tried to elicit a management protocol in such patients from literature perspective.
Case Presentation: A 62-year-old patient survived a car accident with distal femoral fracture in coronal plane (Hoffa fracture) and was treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Three years later, the patient developed nonunion with post-traumatic arthritis (PTA). Owing to joint degeneration and poor bone quality, patient was treated with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). One year follow-up showed excellent outcome.
Conclusions: In patient with healthy joint surface and good bone density, treatment of choice should be ORIF and in those with joint degeneration and low bone stock, arthroplasty is a better choice.