bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyse des impacts de la migration et des ransferts de fonds sur les communautés d'origine des migrants au Mali : cas du cercle de Yélémané
Authors: Mariko Ousmane , Sangare Mahamadou Beïdaly
Published: August 2024

La présente étude cherche à examiner l'impact de la migration et des transferts de fonds sur les communautés d'origine des migrants. Cela à partir d'un modèle d'équations simultanées inspiré de la théorie de la nouvelle économie de la migration du travail (NEMT), en utilisant les données d'une enquête ménage réalisée en 2014 sur 160 ménages dans 9 villages du cercle de Yélémané qui est une des principales zones de départ des migrants maliens. L'étude a montré que le nombre de migrants et la production agricole sont négativement corrélés. Par contre les transferts de fonds ont un impact positif sur la production agricole et non agricole. Outre leurs eff ets positifs sur les investissements productifs et sur la capacité d'adoption des technologies à forte intensité de capital, les transferts de fonds agissent positivement et signifi cativement sur les dépenses alimentaires, de santé et d'éducation des ménages qui en bénéfi cient. Ces résultats montrent que les transferts de fonds issus de la migration contribuent fortement à l'amélioration des conditions de vie des familles d'origine des migrants dans cette zone.
La Chine dans la mondialisation : l'insertion de la filière automobile chinoise en Algérie et au Maroc
Authors: Pairault Thierry
Published: August 2024

De Bandung à nos jours, la place et le rôle de la Chine en Afrique ont considérablement évolué. On assiste depuis le début des années 2000 à un basculement du politique à l'économique. Les relations de la Chine avec l'Afrique n'échappent pas à ces évolutions même si ces dernières sont moins avancées comme le manifeste la faible inclusion actuelle des pays africains dans la stratégie des « nouvelles routes de la soie ». L'objet de notre contri-bution sera de montrer à travers la volonté d'insertion dans les économies algérienne et marocaine des constructeurs et équipementiers automobiles chinois que le basculement vers une logique de marché prédominante dans les relations sino-africaines s'accompagne également d'un basculement progressif entre pôles régionaux. On fera apparaître de surcroît un détournement de l'internationalisation de la Chine. Les partenariats que signent les entreprises chinoises dans les filières automobiles algérienne et marocaine sont moins la manifestation de leur insertion qu'une modalité de la mondialisation des constructeurs traditionnels par l'intermédiaire de leurs partenaires.
L'impact des interrelations entre les facteurs culturels et la perception de la qualité de service sur la fidélisation des clients des opérateurs mobiles en Pologne
Authors: Skoczylas Piotr
Published: August 2024

La fidélisation des clients est tres importante en raison de concurrence intense dans l'économie contemporaine. En outre, des nombreuses entreprises operent sur des marchés étrangers. Par conséquent, elles doivent tenir compte des différences culturelles. Cette recherche a visé a déterminer l'influence de la perception de la qualité de service, des couts de transfert perçus et des modérateurs culturelles sur la fidélisation. La théorie des dimensions culturelles de Geert Hofstede est utilisée dans cette recherche. Les données ont été obtenues aupres de 84 utilisateurs de téléphonie mobile en Pologne via un questionnaire. Les résultats ont prouvé que la qualité de service perçue influence la fidélisation de la clientele. Au meme temps, parmi le groupe de personnes ayant un niveau de l'aversion de l'incertitude élevé, les couts de transfert perçus ont également influencé la fidélisation.
Derrière les crises financières internationales : une crise de la monnaie internationale
Authors: Lelart Michel
Published: August 2024

Plus que jamais le système monétaire international fait parler de lui. Il était déjà critiqué il y a cinquante ans, parce qu'il était déjà et qu'il allait devenir de plus en plus un système dollar. Que leur monnaie soit la monnaie internationale permettait aux Etats-Unis d'être et de rester en déficit sans être inquiétés, et leur conférait un privilège qualifié souvent d'exorbitant. Les choses n'ont pas changé. Cet article analyse, comme J. Rueff l'avait fait, les modalités par lesquelles le dollar devient une monnaie internationale. Il mesure l'importance de ce phénomène et analyse ses principales manifestations qui sont autant de conséquences pour les Etats-Unis comme pour les autres pays du monde. Enfin il présente quelques-unes des réformes envisagées.
Politique de bilan des banques centrales et stagnation séculaire : réflexions autour de Wicksell et Keynes
Authors: Carré Emmanuel
Published: August 2024

Les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles de la Banque Centrale Européenne, souvent qualifiées de politique de bilan, sont généralement traitées dans la littérature selon une approche néo-wicksellienne basée sur le taux d'intérêt réel naturel. L'article présente cette approche néo-wicksellienne, ainsi que ses limites. En particulier, il est proposé l'idée que cette approche maintient la politique monétaire dans une perspective de court-moyen terme de politique de stabilisation conjoncturelle ne permettant pas d'intégrer de manière parfaitement adéquate des problématiques de moyen terme et structurelles, comme la stagnation séculaire, mises en évidence par la crise. L'article développe une approche d'inspiration keynésienne des politiques de bilan de la Banque Centrale Européenne permettant notamment de tenir compte de problèmes structurels de l'économie européenne comme la stagnation séculaire et la transition écologique ; mais aussi les questions de demande, de redistribution et d'inégalités qui ont aussi été présentés comme étant à l'origine de la crise. La finalité ultime de cette approche d'inspiration keynésienne des politiques de bilan est de contribuer à la sortie de la crise actuelle, et tenter de prévenir les crises futures.
Pourquoi la Pologne a-t-elle peur de l'Euro?
Authors: Orłowski Witold M.
Published: August 2024

Dans l'article, nous tenterons d'expliquer les principales raisons pour lesquelles la Pologne n'a pas introduit l'euro. Ils appartiennent principalement à la sphère de l'économie politique, bien que les arguments invoqués soient de nature économique. Dans l'article, nous vérifierons également la véracité de ces arguments, en montrant que certains d'entre eux sont basés sur des préjugés plutôt que sur une analyse approfondie.
L'Euro et le modèle Européen : subsidiarité ou centralisation
Authors: Velo Dario
Published: August 2024

Le modèle européen s'est toujours projeté lui-même dans une évolution vers des solutions innovantes sans le soutien d'expériences déjà réalisées. L'Europe réfléchit aujourd'hui sur lequel des deux modèles à suivre. L'Europe peut se réorienter en suivant l'exemple des Etats-Unis, ou elle peut continuer à développer son propre modèle autonome en continuant et en innovant à partir de l'expérience acquise. Si au niveau partisan, nous voyons l'Europe répéter le modèle américain avec l'opposition entre Républicains et Démocrates, nous devons changer la perspective employée pour fixer la relation entre les règles et les politiques. Aux Etats-Unis, depuis la guerre civile, les Démocrates et les Républicains ne se sont pas posé la question de maintenir ou non la Fédération ; ils ont discuté du point de savoir "quel fédéralisme ?". Le choix que l'Europe doit faire n'est pas exclusivement réduit à l'intérêt européen mais concerne tous les joueurs à un niveau mondial. Si c'est sur ces alternatives fondamentales que le processus de l'unification européenne doit avancer, il est clair qu'il est difficile de faire des choix de long terme reposant seulement sur un raisonnement abstrait. C'est la grande leçon que nous donnent les Pères Fondateurs de l'unification européenne. C'est à chacun de nous d'indiquer quelle Europe a notre préférence commune.
La gestion des risques en Amérique Latine : une approche plurielle appliquée Brésil, Mexique et Chili
Authors: Baulant Camille
Published: August 2024

L ' article analyse les paradoxes que connaissent aujourd ' hui les pays d ' Amérique latine. Ces pays enregistrent des succès politiques sur la scène internationale mais leur économie souffre d ' une ultra-spécialisation dans les matières premières, un manque de compétitivité dans les secteurs industriels et d ' inégalités de revenus importantes qui induisent un développement économique non inclusif. La première partie analysera le risque monétaire en considérant le rôle particulier que joue le taux de change réel dans ces pays spécialisés dans les matières premières. La seconde partie du travail étudiera le risque commercial de trois pays d ' Amérique latine (Brésil, Mexique et Chili) en mesurant l ' impact des politiques industrielles sur la valeur des élasticités revenus et prix de leur commerce extérieur. La troisième partie présentera les risques financiers qui affectent les pays d ' Amérique latine depuis la liberté totale des mouvements de capitaux de 1990, en étudiant si les entrées nettes d ' IDE dans ces pays ont permis de moderniser les secteurs industriels et d ' éviter les situations de péché originel conduisant à des crises de défaut dans ces économies.
Régimes de change et croissance économique dans la communaute économique des états de l'Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Ndiaye Amath , Dogbe Komlan Amen
Published: August 2024

L ' objectif ici est d ' étudier l ' effet du régime de change sur la croissance du revenu par tête des pays de la CEDEAO, à partir des données de panel couvrant la période 2000- 2015.L ' étude s ' appuie sur la méthode des moments généralisés en système, pour mettre en relief, qu ' en dehors des fluctuations conjoncturelles, le régime de change, qu ' il soit fixe ou flexible, n ' a pas d ' influence sur la croissance du revenu par tête des pays de la CEDEAO. D ' après nos résultats, le régime de change fixe exerce un effet négatif mais conjoncturel sur la croissance du revenu par tête des pays de l ' UEMOA, tandis que, pour les pays de la ZMOA, l ' effet du régime flexible sur la croissance reste positif mais conjoncturel. A long terme, les déterminants structurels de la croissance du revenu par tête dans les pays de la CEDEAO sont l ' écart de production, la valeur ajoutée de l ' agriculture et l ' investissement. Le régime de change n ' est pas un déterminant structurel de la croissance économique des pays de la CEDEAO.
Fraude à la TVA en Pologne - mécanismes, co séquences et mesures de prévention
Authors: Hybka Małgorzata Magdalena
Published: August 2024

La fraude à la TVA est considérée comme une des plus grandes menaces pour le système fiscal de l ' Union Européenne. L ' ampleur de cette fraude est affectée par de nombreux facteurs de nature compliquée. Les États membres de l ' Union Européenne introduisent actuellement plusieurs mesures, plus ou moins efficaces, pour lutter contre ce phénomène. En Pologne la valeur monétaire de la recette « perdue » à cause de cette fraude a augmenté rapidement entre 2007 et 2016. Le présent article a l ' objectif de décrire les conséquences fiscales de la fraude à la TVA en Pologne et les comparer à celles des autres pays de l ' UE. En outre il essaie d ' expliquer les mécanismes d ' escroquerie à la TVA et évaluer les instruments de la politique fiscale adoptés pour protéger les recettes fiscales.
Conseils d'administration et performance des entreprises publiques au Cameroun : une approche par la théorie de l'agence
Authors: Dontsi Dontsi
Published: August 2024

L ' objectif de cet article est d ' apporter une contribution à l ' amélioration des résultats des entreprises publiques camerounaises dont les performances sont médiocres. A partir de la théorie de l ' agence, nous essayons de montrer au plan théorique et empirique, le rôle déterminant des conseils d ' administration dans ces performances.
Influence de la distance technologique sur le co efficient de la Loi d'Okun
Authors: Boussemart Jean-Phillipp , Briec Walter , Perman Roger , Tavera Christophe
Published: August 2024

Nous utilisons deux techniques de modélisation complémentaires pour analyser l ' influence de la distance technologique des pays sur la force de la relation entre les fluctuations de court terme de l ' activité et celles du taux de chômage dans la Loi d ' Okun. Il apparait que le coefficient d ' Okun est positivement corrélé avec la distance technologique des pays. Plus la distance technologique d ' un pays par rapport à la frontière mondiale est grande, plus l ' impact des variations de court terme du PIB sur les mouvements conjoncturels du taux de chômage est important. La décomposition de cet impact pour chaque pays de l ' échantillon montre que l ' effet de l ' écart technologique sur corrélation entre les mouvements du PIB réel et de ceux du taux de chômage varie entre les différents pays. Cet effet est par exemple proche de 20% pour le Danemark et la Norvège mais plutôt de l ' ordre de 40% pour la Grèce.
THE IMPACT OF ISSUE OF A SHIPPING ORDER ON DYNAMICS OF A TRANSIT OBLIGATION
Authors:   Leading Counsel of Georgievsky LLC, NovaBev Group, Golikov Roman V.
Published: August 2024

Transit trade in modern conditions is a popular civil law mechanism that allows reselling goods or providing intermediary services for their sale without storing or even accepting goods by this person. This feature allows you to reduce the costs associated with unnecessary delivery of goods and their storage by making only one delivery to the final consignee. From a legal point of view, the mechanism under consideration has its own characteristics, the main of which is the interaction during the transfer and acceptance of goods by entities that are not related to each other by any legal relationship. This situation became possible due to the possibility to specify the consignee in the contract or shipping order. The impact of the issuance of such a discharge on the legal relationship within which it is issued is considered in this article.
THE CONCEPT OF NON-RESIDENTIAL PREMISES IN THE DOCTRINE AND LAWS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Civil Law of the Kutafin Moscow, Gdlyan Andzhela T.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to an analytical consideration of the legal definitions of non-residential premises, as well as approaches to understanding this term existing in modern doctrine. The author, relying on the main features of non-residential premises as an object of civil rights, substantiates his definition of non-residential premises, and also limits the scope of the concept in order to streamline terminology and improve legal techniques in the field of lawmaking.
Peaceful Use of the Space: The Contemporary Interpretation
Authors:   Chief Research Scientist of the Department of International Law of the Institute of State, Shinkaretskaya Galina G.
Published: August 2024

There is no direct prohibition of the military use of space in international space law, and such use is actively conducted, especially for reconnaissance, but not for aggressive purposes. However, new types of weapons are being created and tested, which can be placed in space very soon. The article shows that the Outer Space Treaty should be interpreted from the standpoint of the UN Charter; the division of rights and obligations in order to justify violations of the Charter is unlawful; the restriction of the ʻweaponizationʼ of space is necessary to ensure the normal existence of all mankind.
The Development of Laws on Protection of World Natural Heritage Sites Located in Russia within the Framework of Resolutions of the Forty-Fifth Session of the World Heritage Committee
Authors:   Leading Expert of the Research Institute of Legal Protection of Baikal of the Irkutsk State University, Ditsevich Yaroslava B. , Kolobov Roman Yu. ,   Research Scientist of the Department of Regional Economic and Social Problems of the Irkutsk Research
Published: August 2024

The decisions taken at the forty-fifth session of the World Heritage Committee regarding the World Natural Heritage sites located on Russian territory are analyzed. The most common problems characteristic of the majority of Russian unique natural complexes of global importance are noted. Gaps in the regulatory and legal consolidation of the World Natural heritage protection regime in legislation, acute conflicts related to the need to harmonize environmental requirements and infrastructure development are identified. The legal positions of the World Heritage Committee regarding the implementation of capital construction within the boundaries of World Heritage sites are analyzed. The constructive nature of the decisions adopted at the forty-fifth session of the World Heritage Committee is stated, proposals are formulated to improve legislation in the field of protection of World Natural heritage sites. The necessity of introducing amendments to the Federal Law “On Specially Protected Natural Territories”, defining the features of the protection of natural complexes of international importance, is substantiated. The importance of taking into account the modern climate agenda in ensuring the preservation of World Natural Heritage sites is emphasized.
Contemporary Tendencies in the Development of the Legal Regulation in the Climate Protection Sphere on International Law and Domestic Levels
Authors:   Senior Research Scientist of the Department of Environmental, Rednikova Tatyana V.
Published: August 2024

The article notes that the despite the efforts of individual States to implement the provisions of international agreements, the results of which were evaluated at regular conferences of the Parties to The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, significant progress in this direction has not been achieved, and the need to review legal approaches to climate protection and mechanisms for their implementation has been recognized internationally. The article analyzes the evolution of international legal norms of climate protection over the past three decades. A global analysis of global efforts to combat climate change on the planet has revealed insufficient progress in all three areas implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Paris Agreement: reducing emissions, taking adaptation measures and providing financial and technological support to vulnerable countries. At the UN COP28 Conference held in Dubai in 2023, it was decided to phase out the use of fossil fuels by 2050.
The Role of Natural and Climatic Projects in Legal Support of Environmental and Climate Security of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Acting Head of the Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Law of the Kutafin Moscow State, Agafonov Vyacheslav B.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the role of natural-climate projects in the legal support of environmental and climate security of the Russian Federation, taking into account the provisions of the new Strategy for scientific and technological development of the Russian Federation, as well as the Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Based on the results of the analysis of legislation in the implementation of a pilot project to create carbon polygons and carbon farms on the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as the use of nature-like technologies, a conclusion is formulated about the need for further adaptation of climate legislation, ensuring the implementation of natural climate projects, with environmental legislation.
Sovereignty of Russia in Respect of Transborder Rivers
Authors:   Head of the Department of Land and Environmental Law of the Russian State University of Justice, Krasnova Irina O.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses issues of Russian sovereignty over transboundary rivers. It reveals that in accordance with the UN Charter and international treaties, states have full sovereignty over their natural resources. As to environmental protection against transboudary pollution and damage and also in relation to the use of shared natural resources, international law applies this principle in combination with the principle of limited sovereign rights. In conformity with the intergovernmental water basin agreements of Russia with the watershed countries the external involvement into the national decision-making process is carried out through mutual commitments and obligations to recover the environmental damage, conducting joint monitoring, notification about on-going and planned activities that have or may have negative impacts on a transboundary river, related water uses and facilities, division of a water flow, joint inspections and agreed exploitation of hydrotechnical objects. Application of the limited sovereign rights to shared water resources has an objective nature-based rationale – ecosystem integrity of a shared water body, that justifies and ensures its protection against degradation, equitable and reasonable utilization by coastal states.
Features of a Comparative Analysis of Bribery Mediation
Authors:   Senior Lecturer of the Department of Civil, Zamaraev Vadim I.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of corruption, which is acute for any state in the world today and poses a serious threat to its national security, more precisely, to one of its hidden manifestations — bribery intermediation. The article considers the peculiarities of criminal liability for committing this crime in some foreign countries (first of all, these are the CIS countries and the former USSR, as well as Mongolia, China, Japan), where this crime, as well as in Russia, is singled out as an independent one. As a result of the analysis, the author identifies three main approaches to the implementation of criminal responsibility for the commission of bribery mediation: through the institution of complicity; through the objective side of the crime and through a special subject of the crime.
Digital Labeling of Milk and Dairy Products as a Legal Mechanism Employed to Ensure Food Security in Russia
Authors:   Junior Scientific Assistant of Postgraduate Courses of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry, Gulyan Irina N.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the features of the functioning of the new established digital labeling system for milk and dairy products as an object of ensuring food security in the Russian Federation. As part of the analysis, a number of methods of scientific knowledge were used, which made it possible to determine the relevance of studying this issue in the context of digitalization of Russian society. The study of this object of research is based on consideration of the regulatory framework in this area. The results of the study were the identification of a set of problems in organizing the implementation of activities by employees of economic security and anti-corruption departments to identify and solve crimes in the sphere of circulation of milk and dairy products.
The Application of Confiscation to Legal Entities in the Republic of Finland
Authors:   Leading Research Scientist of the Center of Criminal and Criminal Procedure Law of the Institute of Legislation, Fedorov Aleksandr V.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the Finnish legislation on the criminal liability of legal entities and the application of confiscation as a criminal sanction to them in criminal proceedings. The general conditions for the application of confiscation to legal entities are given.
On the Issue of Typical Methods of Exchange Transactions Involving the Transfer of Funds in a Foreign Currency or the Currency of the Russian Federation to Accounts of Non-Residents Using False Documents
Authors:   Postgraduate Student of the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Law Faculty of the Russian Customs Academy, Timchenko Nikita N.
Published: August 2024

Russian Customs Academy The article discusses typical methods of performing currency transactions for transferring funds in foreign currency or the currency of the Russian Federation to non-resident accounts using forged documents in the context of the criminalistic characteristics of the specified corpus delicti. Within the framework of the article, the features of the methods of committing a crime are given, the analysis of the causal relationship between the features of a particular method of committing a crime and the direction of withdrawing funds abroad is carried out. In addition, the article describes the difficulties of a legal and practical nature that determine the specifics of the commission of the crime in question. The methodology of the study is determined by the use of such research methods as: statistical (when identifying methods of committing a crime and their specific weight in the array of investigative and judicial materials studied), formal-logical (when establishing causal relationships). Using the methodology, the author identifies the ways of committing a crime provided for in Article 193.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the main cause-and-effect relationships formed during the commission of a crime.
Evolution of a lawyer’s sphere of activity: from narrow specialization to social counseling
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Criminal Law Disciplines, Vasyaev Alexander A.
Published: August 2024

Currently, in Russian (and not only) legal science it is customary to talk about the powers of a lawyer in accordance with the norms of law. At the same time, in practice in various countries of the world there is an actual expansion of the scope of activity of lawyers, which, however, does not receive its normative reinforcement. This state of affairs stems from the very essence of advocacy, which affects all areas of human activity. Today there are no areas where a lawyer does not provide legal assistance. That is why it is impossible to determine (limit) the range of his rights and obligations. The purpose of the article is to explore this issue and identify ways out of the current situation.
Challenges in Involving a Specialist by a Defense Counsel in Civil Proceedings
Authors:   Degree-Seeking Student of the Department of Criminal Procedure, Buyantuev Stanislav O.
Published: August 2024

The article studies the problems of attracting a specialist defense lawyer in criminal proceedings. The author examines the main reasons for the opposition of government entities to the right of the defense to present a specialist’s report, which contains a revision of the expert’s report. The legal positions of the European Court of Human Rights, as well as the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on issues of expert evidence are noted. In addition, the researcher turns to practical examples of both negative rejection of a specialist’s conclusion as unacceptable criminal procedural evidence, and the positive practice of perceiving a specialist’s conclusion as a basis for ordering a repeat forensic examination and even termination of a criminal case. Ultimately, the author concluded that it is necessary to reform the domestic criminal process in order to increase the efficiency of attracting a specialist defense lawyer as a means of countering criminal prosecution.
On the Constitutional Law Consolidation of the Advocate's Community Public Status
Authors:   First Vice-President of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers of the Russian Federation, Tolcheev Mikhail N.
Published: August 2024

This article is devoted to understanding the constitutional and legal consolidation of the public status of the bar as a non-governmental institution of social structure, serving as a mechanism for the implementation of constitutional guarantees of the rule of law and judicial protection of rights. Based on the philosophy of modern times and the basic postulates of the general theory of conflict, the work examines the competitive process of learning the truth in justice by organizing a system in the form of a simulated controlled conflict. Keywords
Challenges of Legal Enforcement of the New Basis for Relief of Criminal Liability (Art. 781 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Authors:   Head of the Department of Criminal and Legal Disciplines of the Smolensk State University, Lopatina Tatyana M.
Published: August 2024

The article provides a conceptual and legal-technical analysis of the grounds for exemption from criminal liability provided for in Article 781 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The shortcomings of the legal technique and the substantive aspect of the legislative novel are emphasized. The purpose of the work is to search for an algorithm for applying a new basis for exemption from criminal liability, since there are questions from the point of view of the flawlessness of the introduced legislative novel, namely: compliance with the general logic of the institution of exemption from criminal liability; legal and technical design and content aspect.
Grounds for Bringing Attorneys (Lawyers) Property Liability to the Principal in Court Practice
Authors:   Attorney at Zhdanov, Koyda, Rubalskiy and Partners Moscow Law Office, Darnitsyn Pavel A.
Published: August 2024

The present article analyses the approaches of Russian courts to the matter of legal grounds for bringing advocates or other practicing lawyers to property liability towards their principals, and to the matter of what is legal assistance of improper quality. Based on such analysis of court practice some recommendations for lawyers and advocates on how to minimize their professional risks are formulated.
Corax vs. Tisias, Quintilianus and His Followers: On the History of Establishment of Courtroom Speech Principles
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Civil Law of the Russian Customs Academy, Dekhanov Sergey A.
Published: August 2024

The article discusses issues of general and judicial rhetoric. Based on the works of domestic scientists in the field of rhetoric, the author analyzes the formation and evolutionary development of judicial rhetoric, considers the role of outstanding specialists in this process, analyzes in detail the theory of statuses and other concepts that influenced the formation of modern judicial rhetoric.
Stages of the Establishment of Advocacy in Russia
Authors:   Associate Professor of the Department of Judicial Activities and Criminal Procedure, Smirnov Vladimir N.
Published: August 2024

Advocacy has three historical types: freelance, a government office and a self-regulated corporation. All of them existed in Russia in different times. Legal representation was established in Russia in the 15th century. This article is devoted to the evolution of the said institution.
The impact of opinion gap task and reasoning gap task on reading comprehension
Authors: Rastgoo Amirhossein
Published: August 2024

Regarding the crucial role of applying task-based instruction in EFL classes, this study tried to investigate the impact of two tasks, the opinion gap task and the reasoning gap task, on Iranian intermediate EFL learners' reading comprehension skills. The main population including three groups was selected after optional practical training administration, and determined as intermediate. First, a pre-test was given to three groups. After Task-Based Instruction implementation using two tasks, opinion gap and reasoning gap tasks, a post-test was given to identify the positive or negative impact of the treatment on reading comprehension. After the statistical analysis, from one-way ANOVA, the results of the post-test of the two experimental groups proved that applying task-based instruction had a more positive effect on the intermediate EFL learners' reading comprehension skills in comparison to the traditional teaching method which was used for the control group. According to the data analysis, despite the existing positive impact of the aforementioned tasks on reading comprehension skills, the pairwise comparison of the two experimental groups indicated that the opinion gap task and reasoning gap task had approximately an equal influence on learners' reading comprehension skills.
Keywords: Cognitive tasks; EFL learners; opinion gap task; reading comprehension; reasoning gap task
Instruments to Assess the Comfort of Hospitalized Elderly People: A Scoping Review
Authors: Nicoli Esther Mourão , Silva Frances Valéria Costa e , Oliveira Samara Gonçalves de , Cardoso Rosane Barreto , Assad Luciana Guimarães , Nogueira Glycia de Almeida
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose:The purpose of this study was to map the instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults in the scientific literature, identifying those instruments validated and transculturally adapted to the realities of Brazil.Methods:This was a scoping review of 14 articles and a website retrieved from the following databases: MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct/Elsevier, and gray literature (Oasisbr, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations [CAPES], OATD, BDBTD, and The Comfort Line).Results:Seventeen instruments for assessing the comfort of hospitalized older adults were mapped; however, none were specifically designed for this population, as they were originally intended for adults or individuals with neuropsychiatric conditions. Among these, three have been validated and transculturally adapted to the Brazilian context.Conclusions:This study reveals the need for a specific instrument tailored for hospitalized older adults without neuropsychiatric conditions.
La subtitulación como proceso de adaptación lingüístico-pragmática: una visión comparativa italiano-español
Authors: Trovato Guiuseppe
Published: August 2024

En el presente artículo se indaga, desde un punto de vista técnico, lingüístico y estratégico, sobre el proceso de subtitulación del italiano al español, concebido como un proceso de adaptación de índole pragmática. Se presenta un análisis panorámico a partir de la subtitulación en español de la película italiana L’incredibile storia dell’Isola delle Rose (La increíble historia de la Isla de las Rosas, 2020) distribuida por Netflix. Se observa qué mecanismos se activan y qué operaciones se llevan a cabo en la transposición interlingüística y qué consecuencias se producen en el plano traductológico. Se han realizado numerosos cambios en distintos niveles (léxico, morfosintáctico, estilístico) en la transposición del italiano al español, con el fin de mantener el significado del producto audiovisual original. La subtitulación es una modalidad de la traducción audiovisual que inevitablemente requiere un proceso de adaptación, máxime cuando se trabaja con lenguas que guardan un parentesco histórico.
Entre Tradiciones, Evidencias y Apuestas. Reflexiones Desde una Perspectiva Pedagógica
Authors: Buitrago Rafael Enrique
Published: August 2024

Si bien es cierto que la pedagogía desde la lógica de la modernidad occidental se soporta en las perspectivas alemana, francesa, anglosajona y latinoamericana (Mejía, 2011), y que en la contemporaneidad se han configurado nuevas apuestas que en muchos casos enriquecen, tensan o debilitan la cotidianidad de las escuelas, la realidad de nuestros sistemas educativos, en particular el colombiano, sigue siendo compleja y enmarcada en lineamientos y propuestas con grandes sesgos, a pesar de las grandes experiencias y decididas apuestas de cientos de maestros que desde diversos territorios rurales y urbanos se consolidan en el día a día. Al respecto, Fernández et al. (2023), mencionan que las reformas educativas de nuestros contextos se han centrado en generar una sumisión laboral, fundamentadas en posturas neoliberales que inciden en la educación pública.
Solving Multiobjective Optimization Problems with Inequality Constraint Using An Augmented Lagrangian Function
Authors: Tougma Appolinaire , Somé Kounhinir
Published: August 2024

We propose a method for solving multiobjective optimization problems under the constraints of inequality. In this method, the initial problem is transformed into a single-objective optimization without constraints using an augmented Lagrangian function and an ϵ-constraint approach. Indeed, the augmented Lagrangian function is used to convert a given problem with multiple objective functions into a single objective function. The ϵ-constraint approach allows for the transformation of constrained optimization problems into unconstrained optimization problems. To demonstrate the admissibility and Pareto optimality of the obtained solutions, we have provided two propositions with proofs. In addition, a comparison study is made with two other well-known and widely used methods, such as NSGA-II and BoostDMS, on convergence and distribution of obtained solutions using numerical results for fifty test problems taking in the literature. Based on all these theoretical and numerical results, we can say that the proposed method is the best way to solve multiobjective optimization problems.
Determinants of educational and career decisions as well as educational migration based on the example of medical students at the Medical University of Lodz
Authors: Jędrzejewska Danuta , Rokita-Poskart Diana , Klemens Brygida , Jędrzejewska Anna
Published: August 2024

Career decisions are most often made when taking up higher education. This is particularly true for medical students, especially medical practice students. Many factors influence the decisions made by young people. The subject literature mainly points to the importance of one’s own predisposition and interests, but also to the role of remuneration and the situation of a particular profession in the labor market. The case of people who take up the medical practice course of the Ministry of National Defense (MND) at the Medical University of Lodz in Poland is particularly interesting. The purpose of this paper is to show the reasons identified during the pilot study for taking up the analyzed course, the choice of university, and the university city. The pilot study, designed in principle to verify the validity of the prepared survey questionnaire, was conducted among 29 third-year students of the MND medical practice course at the Medical University of Lodz. It was conducted using a diagnostic survey method in the form of a questionnaire with over a dozen questions. The questions addressed the factors related to the students’ choice of medical practice course, determinants affecting their choice of the Medical University of Lodz and the university city. The questionnaire also contained questions about the respondents’ post-graduation plans and demographics. The results of the study allowed for the identification of the most important factors that affected the respondents’ choice of the medical practice course. These included personal interests, predisposition, the profession’s prestige, family traditions, and the physician’s remuneration. Other aspects included the factors affecting the choice of university and Łódź as the university city. The results of the study proved that the respondents chose the medical university in Łódź due to the availability of the MND medical practice course, as it is the only course of its kind in Poland. The high quality of the learning facilities, the university’s prestige, and the high level of teaching were also of great importance. Łódź was chosen as the university city primarily because of its university and the availability of the MND medical practice course.
Assessment of the crisis-deformed state of reinforced concrete supports electrically corroded by means of simulation
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Kovalev Alexey A. , Okunev Alexander V. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Paranin Alexander V. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Chepizhko Mikhail S. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: August 2024

The article proposes a model of the stress-strain state of a reinforced concrete support of a contact network taking into account the influence of electrical corrosion of steel reinforcement. The model takes into account the weight loss of metal reinforcement at different depths from the ground level and allows setting different horizontal and vertical loads. According to modeling results data of stress distribution according to Mises were obtained characterizing plastic deformation on the surface of the support depending on the residual weight of the reinforcement and the applied force. By using the proposed model a connection between stress and deformation with the location of corrosion damage to the reinforcement has been established and the reasons leading to the deformation of the support have been established.
Management of electric traction loads in terms of interaction with the railway power supply system
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU), Tretyakov Evgeniy A. , Denisov Ilya N. ,   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU), Avdienko Egor G. ,   Omsk State Transport University (OSTU)
Published: August 2024

Currently, the principles of electric rolling stock management do not involve consideration of the instantaneous load of traction substations and the operating mode parameters of other electric traction loads in the inter-substation zone of an electrified section of railways. The inter-train travel intervals on the section are set based on the preliminary software-based calculation of the traction power supply system for trains with a given range of train weight. The article provides the reasonable approach to managing electric traction loads based on their interaction both with each other and the railway power supply system in real time with instantaneous limitations of the energy infrastructure. The results of experimental synchronized measurements with two trains in the substation area of an electrified AC section are presented. Using a mathematical model of the pilot site and measurement data, the coefficients of the influence of electric traction loads on the voltage in arbitrary nodes and on the loading of the feeders of the contact network are calculated.
Measures to reduce the consequences of train delays
Authors:   Far Eastern State Transport University, Serova Darya S. , Timukhina Elena N. ,   Ural state university of railway transport (USURT), Kalikina Tatyana N. ,   Far Eastern State Transport University
Published: August 2024

The article considers the problem that complicates the operational work of port railways: the discrepancy between the capacity of the crossings and the processing capabilities of port stations, leading to the lagging of trains from traffic. The authors have analyzed the reasons for the train delay, and also proposed some measures to reduce the consequences of the delay, such as reducing the total cost of detaching the train from traffic and its further rise by choosing a departure station. The authors have formulated basic conditions that a train departure station must meet in order to organize a safe transportation process and minimize total costs.
Organization of train radio communication and data transmission in the virtual coupling technology in one digital radio channel
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Popov Anton N. , Romanenko Dmitriy S. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: August 2024

Despite the fact that train radio communication and the virtual coupling technology should ensure traffic safety, so far the development of these systems on Russian railways is taking place in unrelated directions. Currently, train radio communication is analog, organized in the hectometer frequency range (2.13 and 2.15 MHz), its quality and reliability need to be improved. The transition to digital standards is slow, as it requires significant capital investments in infrastructure construction. Considering the virtual coupling technology, it is currently being tested using digital radio communication channels. The article discusses measures that will allow creating the single data transmission network using virtual coupling technology and train radio communication in one digital radio channel on an existing infrastructure. It will ensure a reduction in capital investments in the organization of the communication system, as well as increase its reliability, quality and throughput.
Criteria of efficiency in the management of a transport enterprise
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Timukhina Elena N. , Timukhin Kirill M. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: August 2024

In the context of geopolitical tensions, Russian business is under pressure from sanctions restrictions on the one hand, and on the other - under pressure from internal competition caused by an increasing number of enterprises operating in the logistics industry. Today, the strategy of transport companies is mainly aimed at accumulating their own reserves in order to ensure internal stability and margin of safety. At the same time, cost control and increased labor productivity are of particular importance. The article examines the KPI matrix using decentralized indicators that identify lagging divisions of the company and optimize their work in the activities of the entire enterprise as a single system. At the same time, the supreme governing body receives operational information about the work of all departments in real time, without losing its hierarchical monopoly in making managerial decisions.
Rationale of the composition and periodicity of performing the diagnostic and restoration operations when car maintenance is being carried out
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University, Karagodin Viktor I. , Zimanov Lev L. ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University
Published: August 2024

The control of the frequency of car maintenance, remaining the main tool to ensure the safety of a rolling stock, has also become a tool of the competition struggle of manufacturers. Some manufacturers announce of the periodicity increase of the technical maintenance of their automobiles, presenting it as the proof of the raise of the quality of their products in comparison to their competitors. Operating the results of the experimental data of Kia business-class cars, the article proves that an extreme raise of the periodicity of technical maintenance leads to the reduce of the safety of a rolling stock and that the periodicity must not be maximum but optimal. Also, optimal periodicity and the composition of the diagnostic and restoration operations when car maintenance is being carried out have been set.
Current-collection device from the contact wire of three-phase electric traction system
Authors:   Ural State University of Railway Transport, Arzhannikov Boris A. , Tsikhalevskiy Igor S. ,   Ural State University of Railway Transport
Published: August 2024

The article deals with the opportunity of using three-phase electric traction system which was operated from the end of XIX century to 1976. A comparison of the suggested system to one-phase electric traction system of alternating current has been conducted. During the research the ratio of the currents and the power losses in the traction networks of one-phase and three-phase systems has been determined. The calculations show that the losses of the electric power in the contact network of one-phase electric traction system is 3.35 times more than in the three-phase system. The influence of current on electro erosion, wear and tear of a contact wire and electric power collector of the runner of an electric rolling stock current-collector, and also, the influence of the intensiveness of the current-collection and the suspension zigzag of the contact wire on the gauge of the current-collector has been researched. The results of the experimental and calculated values of the coefficient of the wear and tear of the contact wire depending on the current of the current-collector have been presented. Three variants of the size of the runner for a small-sized current-collector of an electric locomotive of AC three-phase electric traction system have been suggested.