bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of polyploidization and elicitation on biomass and hyoscyamine content in hairy roots of Datura stramonium
Authors: Belabbassi Ouarda , Khelifi-Slaoui Majda , Zaoui Djamila , Benyammi Roukia , Khalfallah Nadra , Malik Sonia , Makhzoum Abdullah , Khelifi Lakhdar
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. The hyoscyamine, a tropane alkaloid, widely used in medicine, can be produced from Datura sp. (Solanaceae). However, its content in the spontaneous roots remains low; therefore, hairy roots (HRs) were envisaged as a potential alternative to improve its biosynthesis. The hairy roots are characterized by a good genetic stability and a rapid growth. Indeed, Datura stramonium HRs have widely been studied in the perspective of improving the yield of hyoscyamine. This study is part of this same perspective. Objectives. This paper aims to study the effects of polyploidization of HRs induced by colchicine in synergy with elicitation (with acetylsalicylic [ASA] or salicylic acids [SA]) on the hyoscyamine content in D. stramonium. Method. Colchicine was applied at different concentrations and periods, on a selected hairy root line (LDS) of D. stramonium obtained by infection with Agrobactrium rhizogenes strain A4. The selection of tetraploid HR lines was performed by the cytogenetic analysis using light microscopy. The effect of polyploidization and elicitation was studied on the biomass (dry weight) and hyoscyamine content of HRs. Results. The untreated HR line (control) shows a diploid level with 2n = 24 chromosomes. However, the HR lines treated with colchicine show, in most cases, an endoreduplication of their genetic material. The survival rate of endoreduplicated lines varies between 30% and 93%, depending on concentration and exposure time to colchicine. Moreover, the tetraploid HR line shows an increase in its biomass and hyoscyamine content in comparison to the diploid HR line (LDS). Further, elicitation of HRs by ASA or AS at the 10-4 M concentration causes a low decrease or increase in dry weight, respectively. However, the same treatments show a significant increase in the yield of hyoscyamine in elicited HR lines. Consequently, our work indicates that the combination of polyploidy and elicitation can lead to significant improvements in hyoscyamine biosynthesis and content due to their synergistic effects. Conclusions. Elicitation of tetraploid hairy root lines improves significantly their content of hyoscyamine.
Changement climatique et production cotonnière au Sénégal : concevoir autrement les stratégies de diffusion des variétés
Authors: Ndour Abdoulaye , Loison Romain , Gourlot Jean-Paul , Ba Karamokho Seydi , Dieng Abdoulaye , Clouvel Pascal
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. L’impact du changement climatique remet en cause la stratégie de diffusion variétale de la Société de Développement et des Fibres Textiles au Sénégal (SODEFITEX), basée sur la distinction de deux variétés : l’une adaptée aux conditions humides et l’autre aux risques de sècheresse. À partir de données recueillies en station expérimentale et en parcelles d’agriculteurs de 2004 à 2011, l’étude évalue la pertinence de cette stratégie. Objectifs. L’objectif de l’étude est d’évaluer la méthode de sélection variétale et la performance des variétés cultivées et à l’essai, soumises à des environnements hydriques contrastés du fait de la variabilité spatiale et temporelle de la pluviosité et des pratiques culturales. Méthode. La méthodologie développée permet d’identifier l’occurrence d’un stress hydrique sévère durant les phases critiques de floraison et de développement des capsules vis-à-vis du rendement en coton-graine et la qualité de la fibre. L’indicateur de vécu hydrique produit est ensuite introduit dans l’analyse statistique en tant que co-variable descriptive de l’environnement. Résultats. L’indicateur produit permet de discriminer les rendements en coton-graine en station expérimentale et chez les producteurs. Bien qu’un effet variétal soit constaté sur le rendement égrenage et les caractéristiques technologiques des fibres, aucune variété ne se distingue des autres vis-à-vis du vécu hydrique. Conclusions. À défaut de variété adaptée aux stress hydriques, les résultats militent en faveur de l’adoption d’une seule variété sur le bassin de production. La stratégie de diffusion des variétés mériterait toutefois d’être renouvelée pour mieux rendre compte des conditions de culture en milieu réel et permettre l’évaluation des variétés par les producteurs.
Effet des dates de semis sur la performance agronomique de Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl. (Cucurbitaceae) et Manihot esculenta Crantz (Euphorbiaceae) en culture associée
Authors: Bi Irié R. Djè , Kouassi Kouadio I. , Koffi Kouamé K. , Kouakou Kouakou L. , Baudoin Jean-Pierre , Zoro Bi Irié A.
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. L’association culturale est une pratique bénéfique largement utilisée dans les zones tropicales pour la gestion durable de la fertilité des sols, l’amélioration des rendements de l’agriculture traditionnelle et des revenus des petits producteurs. Objectifs. Évaluer l’effet de la culture associée et de la culture pure de la cucurbite Lagenaria siceraria, plante lianescente et du manioc Manihot esculenta var. ‘Bonoua blanc’, plante érigée, sur les différentes performances agronomiques de chacune de ces cultures. Méthode. Un dispositif expérimental en blocs complètement randomisés avec trois répétitions par traitement a été mis en place. Les traitements analysés sont, premièrement, des cultures associées M. esculenta var. ‘Bonoua Blanc’/L. siceraria avec les semis de la cucurbite à 0 (CAT0), 15 (CAT15), 30 (CAT30) et 45 (CAT45) jours après la mise en place du manioc ; deuxièmement, des semis de cultures pures de la cucurbite aux mêmes dates que pour les cultures associées (CPT0, CPT15, CPT30 et CPT45) et troisièmement, une plantation de culture pure de manioc à 0 jour (CP). Neuf caractères agronomiques chez la cucurbite et huit chez le manioc ont été analysés. Résultats. Les paramètres agronomiques évalués sont les composantes de rendement du manioc qui varient avec l’augmentation du temps de décalage de semis de la cucurbite. Cependant, les performances de la cucurbite diminuent avec cette augmentation du décalage de semis, que ce soit en culture associée ou en culture pure. Malgré une productivité élevée lorsque la cucurbite est simultanément semée avec le manioc, elle reste faible comparativement à la culture pure de la cucurbite. Conclusions. Dans une association cucurbite Lagenaria siceraria et manioc Manihot esculenta, la production n’est pas bénéfique aux cultures prises individuellement. Cependant, l’utilisation de la cucurbite comme plante de couverture en interculture permet de conserver l’humidité du sol et de gérer les surfaces cultivables et les adventices pour en faire bénéficier le manioc en association.
Effect of temperature on growth and fatty acids profile of the biodiesel producing microalga Scenedesmus acutus
Authors: El-Sheekh Mostafa , Abomohra Abd El-Fatah , El-Azim Metwally Abd , Abou-Shanab Reda
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. The present study examined the effect of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) on biomass, esterified fatty acids content and fatty acid productivity of Scenedesmus acutus. Objectives. This work aimed to study the effect of variation in temperature on lipid productivity and fatty acid profiles of S. acutus as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Method. The alga was grown under different temperatures and its biomass, as well as fatty acid content and composition, were determined. Results. The maximum growth rate of S. acutus was achieved at 30 °C , but there was no significant difference in biomass productivity at 25 and 30 °C (0.41 and 0.42 g·l-1·d-1), respectively. The highest fatty acid content (104.1 mg·g-1 CDW) was recorded at low temperature (15 °C) and decreased with increasing temperature. As a result of high biomass production, fatty acids productivity showed the highest values (41.27 and 42.10 mg·l-1·d-1) at 25 and 30 °C, respectively. The proportion of saturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids increased from 13.72 to 23.79% and from 11.13 to 33.10% of total fatty acids when the incubation temperature was raised from 15 to 40 °C, respectively. The increase of temperature from 15 to 40 °C decreased the poly-unsaturated fatty acids from 75.15% to 43.10% of total fatty acids, respectively. Conclusions. The present study concluded that incubation temperature was a critical parameter for quantitative and qualitative fatty acid compositions of S. acutus. In addition, the type and proportion of individual fatty acids, which interfere with biodiesel quality, can be modified using different incubation temperatures in order to meet the biodiesel international standards.
Enjeux et amélioration de la réduction de l’acidité dans les fruits mûrs du palmier à huile, Elaeis guineensis, Jacq. (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Domonhédo Hubert , Cros David , Nodichao Léifi , Billotte Norbert , Ahanhanzo Corneille
Published: February 2022

Introduction. L’acidification de l’huile de palme détermine la qualité et la stabilité de cette importante denrée alimentaire. Cette synthèse analyse les causes de l’acidification de l’huile et son impact sur la qualité et la stabilité de l’huile. Les enjeux liés à la réduction de l'acidification de l'huile et les approches utilisées sont aussi analysés, en particulier la réduction par l’amélioration génétique. Littérature. L'acidification est principalement due à l’action de la lipase endogène du mésocarpe, mais peut aussi être causée par des lipases microbiennes ou une hydrolyse autocatalytique. Plusieurs facteurs, notamment le matériel végétal, les conditions de récolte et de traitement post-récolte des régimes, d’extraction et de conservation de l’huile impactent de manière significative l’acidification de l'huile. L’acidification réduit la qualité et la valeur marchande de l’huile et engendre une baisse de productivité. Des fonds génétiques à faible acidité ont été identifiés. La variabilité de ce caractère rend possible la sélection variétale. Un gène impliqué dans l'acidification de l'huile est identifié, mais l’action d’autres gènes ou facteurs génétiques est soupçonnée. Conclusions. Ces recherches ont permis la récente commercialisation des premiers palmiers avec une huile faiblement acide. Ceci améliorera la qualité de l'huile tout en augmentant le rendement et en facilitant la gestion des opérations de récolte et de post-récolte, en particulier pour les petits producteurs. Il est nécessaire de continuer la recherche de tous les facteurs génétiques impliqués au niveau du genre Elaeis. La validation des ressources génomiques permettrait la sélection assistée par marqueurs de variétés à faible acidité de l’huile.
Rôles et caractéristiques morphologiques du ver de terre Eudrilus eugeniae (synthèse bibliographique)
Authors: Byambas Patrick , Lemtiri Aboulkacem , Hornick Jean-Luc , Ndong Toussaint Bengone , Francis Frédéric
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Eudrilus eugeniae est un ver épigé d’origine africaine. Il est principalement rencontré dans les pays tropicaux et subtropicaux, et est utilisé dans les processus de lombriculture et de lombricompostage. Littérature. Le développement de l’utilisation et de l’exploitation du ver nécessite un approfondissement des connaissances s’y rapportant pour optimiser la production des vers et du lombricompost. Cette synthèse bibliographique a été initiée pour faciliter la valorisation agronomique de l’espèce au Gabon et améliorer les connaissances actuelles sur E. eugeniae. Elle pourrait faciliter l’élaboration d’une clé d’identification spécifique à E. eugeniae, à l’instar de celles qui existent pour d’autres espèces. Conclusions. La synthèse des connaissances disponibles sur le ver de terre E. eugeniae devrait faciliter son exploitation et sa valorisation dans les pays comme le Gabon où l’étude de ce ver de terre est récente.
Comparaison de la dérive pour deux types de pulvérisateurs utilisés en production cotonnière au Bénin
Authors: Gouda Abdoul-Ibrachi , Mehoba Mahodjègbé Hermas Luc , Toko Ibrahim Imorou , Scippo Marie-Louise , Kestemont Patrick , Schiffers Bruno
Published: February 2022

Description du sujet. L’utilisation accrue des produits phytosanitaires et la variation des substances actives ces dernières années soulèvent des interrogations sur le niveau de pollution de l’environnement et celui des écosystèmes aquatiques du bassin cotonnier en particulier. Objectifs. Des essais ont été menés (à Batran, commune de Banikoara) en conditions pratiques pour quantifier et comparer la dérive engendrée lors des pulvérisations effectuées avec la canne centrifuge et le pulvérisateur à dos, deux appareils spécifiquement utilisés dans le bassin cotonnier au Bénin. Méthode. Une bouillie de tartrazine (un colorant alimentaire) à 20 g·l-1 a été utilisée. Dix essais de pulvérisation à des hauteurs de 1 m et de 1,5 m ont été réalisés suivant un dispositif de collecte préétabli et validé par un essai préalable avec des papiers hydrosensibles. Cinquante-quatre patchs de tissus coton blancs ont été placés à des hauteurs déterminées et à des distances régulières à partir du point d’émission. En fin d’essai, ils ont été récupérés et la concentration en tartrazine (en µg·cm-2) a été déterminée après extraction à l’eau à l’aide d’un colorimètre. À partir des quantités de tartrazine récupérées, les pourcentages de dérive ont été calculés, permettant de comparer la dérive engendrée par chaque appareil. Résultats. Il apparait que, dans les mêmes conditions météorologiques (35° ± 1 °C ; H.R. : 64 ± 4 % ; vent stable d’environ 3 m·s-1), la hauteur de pulvérisation de 1,5 m et la canne de pulvérisation centrifuge engendrent des pourcentages de dérive significativement supérieurs à ceux générés respectivement pour la hauteur de pulvérisation de 1 m et le pulvérisateur à dos. Conclusions. Quel que soit l’appareil, les gouttelettes se dispersent jusqu’à une distance de 16 m.
Co-designing win-win partnerships between agro-industries and smallholders in the palm oil sector in Cameroon
Authors: Djouma Sadou Haman , Feintrenie Laurène , Levang Patrice , Nji Ajaga
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. To boost the development of the national palm oil sector, one of the most promising moves for the Cameroonian government would be to improve partnerships between agro-industries and smallholders in order to increase the latter’s plantation yields and oil extraction rates. Objectives. Drawing on successful experiences in Southeast Asia, this paper examines the conditions for establishing a win-win partnership between agro-industrial companies and smallholders in the Cameroonian palm oil sector. Method. The study was carried out in three production basins in the Centre and the Southwest regions of Cameroon where such partnerships were initiated before the collapse of the National Aid Fund for Rural Development (FONADER) in the 1970s. In participatory workshops involving at least twelve stakeholders (palm oil producers, artisanal and industrial millers, intermediaries and agricultural extension services), the participants' knowledge was integrated together through individual and collective reflection, with a guarantee of equal expression and consideration of views. Two workshops followed a strict adaptation of Participatory Prospective Analysis (PPA); a third followed a semi-directed participatory approach. Interactions between participants produced definitions of the systems studied and the variables involved, different plausible future scenarios, and recommendations for decision making. Results. Access to technical and managerial capacity building, terms of the contract, access to shareholding in the company by smallholders, and legalization of the terms of the contract emerged as the major items that would influence a sustainable partnership between agro-industries and smallholders. Conclusions. Participatory derived recommendations show that long-term partnerships between agro-industry and smallholders depend on a negotiated contract agreement between the partners to ensure transparency and trust. In addition, a dedicated smallholder department in charge of village plantations within agro-industrial companies can facilitate communication between partners.
Bombax costatum (Malvaceae): state of knowns, unknowns and prospects in West Africa
Authors: Assogba Gnido Amandine , Fandohan Adandé Belarmain , Gandji Kisito , Salako Valère Kolawolé , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem
Published: February 2022

Introduction. The red kapok tree, Bombax costatum is a tree species native to West Africa. Most of its organs or plant parts are of medicinal, food, and economic importance. Literature. The species is widely used for food and medicinal purposes and as timber. Yet B. costatum is poorly studied and declining across its distribution range. So far, little has been achieved on this species’conservation status, genetic diversity, breeding and domestication. With the aim of synthesizing current knowledge and gaps, and suggesting future research, articles were searched in Google Scholar and Web of Science databases with relevant keywords on B. costatum. All articles found were critically read and analyzed for inclusion in the present review. Conclusions. The current state of knowledge on taxonomy, distribution, ecology, botanical description, structural characteristics, uses, nutritional and phytochemical properties, socioeconomic importance, propagation, growth and development, threats and conservation of B. costatum have been reviewed. Knowledge gaps were identified and research and development avenues were suggested and discussed for conservation of this species.
Evaluation of individual fungal species and their co-culture for degrading a binary mixture of dyes under solid-state fermentation
Authors: Correa Sara Jiménez , Jaramillo Ana Cristina , Merino Rubiel Andrés , Hormaza Angelina
Published: February 2022

Description of the subject. In recent years, biological methodologies, such as solid-state fermentation, have acquired a great relevance for bioremediation of complex molecules because of their efficiency and low environmental impact. Specifically, the use of white-rot fungi in different biotechnological processes has emerged as a promising strategy given their broad enzymatic potential. Objectives. Evaluation of three individual fungal species, as well as various fungal consortia of these species, for the degradation of a mixture of dyes, brilliant blue – allura red, through solid-state fermentation. Method. The species Pleurotus pulmonarius, Pleurotus ostreatus and Trametes versicolor were assessed, both individually, and in their binary consortia. The interaction between the mycelia of the different white-rot fungi was taken into account as a criterion for using their consortia to degrade the mixture of pollutants under solid conditions. The dyes were adsorbed onto the agro-industrial by-products flower stems and corncob. The fermentative process was carried out over 20 days, after which the degradation percentage was quantified by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Results. The highest degradation percentage was obtained after fermentation by T. versicolor alone. This species reached an average degradation of 79.57% of the binary mixture of dyes, brilliant blue – allura red. Meanwhile, the best consortium, composed of P. ostreatus and T. versicolor, achieved a degradation of 63.24%. Conclusions. These results suggest that the use of fungal consortia, in solid media, does not always lead to a synergy between species for improved dye degradation by the integrated strategy that includes the processes of adsorption and solid-state fermentation. Instead, competition for space and nutrients associated with growth on a solid substrate could decrease the degradation efficiency.
L’infini anthropologique et la phénoménologie: Une réflexion sur la phénoménologie dans l’anthropologie contemporaine
Authors: Carreras Piero
Published: February 2022

The paper tries to elucidate some of the implications of using phenomenology in anthropological research. The starting point is Blumenberg’s critique of the Husserlian Anthropologieverbot, against which he proposes a phenomenological anthropology as a “description of man” that can never be completed. This idea resonates with the use of phenomenology in contemporary ethnographic and anthropological works: the problem stems from the “disempowering” effect that this anthropological use has on the phenomenological analytical power. Phenomenology has, from an anthropological point of view, the great advantage of offering a “trans-ontological” perspective able to let the Other speak. Many influential anthropologists cite Merleau-Ponty as a key figure in their approach, as in the case of Csordas’ “embodiment paradigm”, Jackson’s “existential anthropology” or Throop’s idea of an “ethnographic epoché”. This is equally true for two of the key figures of the “Ontological turn”, Descola and Ingold, albeit in radically different ways. On the contrary, it is difficult to find philosophers influenced by “non-philosophical” anthropology. The paper discusses both advantages and limits of phenomenological approaches in anthropology, adopting philosophical and anthropological perspectives, attempting to understand the deeply asymmetrical relation of the two disciplines.
Social Impact Bonds: Promises versus facts
Authors: Salathé-Beaulieu Gabriel , Gruet Emilien , Bouchard Marie J. , Rijpens Julie
Published: February 2022

Interest in Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) and similar performance-based investments has been spreading around the world ever since the first SIB was issued in the United Kingdom in 2010. At the same time, such investments have given rise to questions regarding the complexity and cost of the contracting mechanisms involved, the possible contradictions between the various objectives pursued, and even the validity of the theoretical premises underpinning them (Albertson et al., 2018a). The objective of this paper is to take stock of the existing knowledge about SIBs and similar performance-based investments, through an overview of recent scientific literature. Relying on a targeted review of the literature and empirical studies, the idea is to compile the arguments that have been mobilized to support, nuance or possibly undermine the implementation of SIBs and similar financing tools. The objective is to provide answers to the question: Do SIBs work? And if yes, under which conditions? After explaining what SIBs are, how they function and how they have developed, the authors propose a synthesis of the arguments from recent scientific literature both supporting and criticizing SIBs. The article concludes that despite the possible improvements and opportunities of these bonds, caution is advised in applying them for as long as empirical evidence is insufficient with regard to their effectiveness and the conditions under which they might be considered appropriate.
Development of adaptive mechanisms of budget planning in the field of marketing activities in a turbulent economic environment
Authors: Sazonov A. A. , Sazonova M. V.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the development of complex adaptation mechanisms in the field of financial planning of the organisation of marketing activities in a turbulent economic model, in which large economic systems have a certain asymmetry of the relationship between the dynamics of the growth of the size of the economy and the transformation of degrees of freedom within the organisation of economic activity. The authors clarified the concept of “planning in marketing activities” in terms of issues related to its adaptation to changing environmental conditions, which made it possible to introduce a modern concept: “flexible digital marketing”. An extensive classification of changes in the field of marketing has been given depending on the level of scale of changes in marketing activity plans at different time stages of planning. The authors propose an updated approach to the organisation of marketing activity planning processes based on network modeling, which is presented as a complex set of knowledge on the transformation of developed strategies and plans of marketing activities to abrupt changes. A classification of network planning methods in the field of marketing activities has been compiled, taking into account hypothetical changes in objects within the framework of developed marketing strategies.
Individualisation of cities as one of the factors of preserving human capital
Authors: Zakharchuk E. A. , Uporov V. E.
Published: February 2022

This study examines the problem of individualisation, individualisation of cities and its relationship with human capital. The strategies of Russian cities put human capital in one of the key positions, but the use of outdated methods of attracting the population has practically exhausted itself. In this regard, the authors put forward a hypothesis about a close connection between the individualisation of urban strategies and the preservation of human capital. Foreign approaches to the individualisation of cities have been considered. A mechanism for implementing individualised strategies of Russian cities by creating a city brand has been proposed as well as the key points of this process have been highlighted. The characteristic features of the formation of the brand of territories for different types of cities have been determined. It has been concluded that the manifestation of their individuality will help Russian cities in preserving human capital, as well as in attracting resources for their development.
Formation of a model for the use of industrial enterprises resources as part of the production and logistics chain
Authors: Astafyeva O. E.
Published: February 2022

The article defines the ways of using the resources of an industrial enterprise as a result of the transformation of business processes occurring in the context of interactions within the ecosystem. The approaches to the use of resources aimed at ensuring the resource potential and determining the chains of creating “value” in the resource model, the development of which was carried out in the blocks “production” – “Logistics” – “Interaction” – “Infrastructure”, have been analysed. It has been proposed to identify resources according to the parameters of the value of use, complementarity, the possibility of substitution and the benefits received from the use by economic entities as a result of ecosystem interaction. An assessment of the resource requirements has been presented, taking into account the level of automation of operations in business processes that make up the economic benefits of use and utility.
A Statistical Representation of Stacking Disorder in Layered Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhang Yingying , Položij Miroslav , Heine Thomas
Published: February 2022

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are among the fastest growing classes of materials with an almost unlimited number of achievable structures, topologies, and functionalities. The exact structure of layered COFs is, however, hard to determine due to often significant mismatch between experimental powder X-ray diffraction pattern (PXRD) and predicted geometries. We attribute these discrepancies to an inherent disorder in the stacking of layered COFs, invalidating standard theoretical 3D models. We have represented structure of COF-1, COF-5 and ZnPc-pz by stacking layers following the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution of their stacking modes. Simulated PXRD patterns of the statistical COF models are close to the experiment, featuring an agreement in peak intensity, width and asymmetry never obtained before. The rarely considered ABC stacking mode proved to be important in layered COFs, as well as including solvent molecules. Our model also shows several general features in PXRD originating from the stacking disorder.
Accurate, Affordable, and Generalisable Machine Learning Simulations of Transition Metal X-ray Absorption Spectra using the XANESNET Deep Neural Network
Authors: Rankine Conor , Penfold Thomas
Published: February 2022

The affordable, accurate, and reliable prediction of spectroscopic observables plays a key role in the analysis of increasingly-complex experiments. In this Article, we develop and deploy a deep neural network (DNN) – XANESNET – for predicting the lineshape of first-row transition metal K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra. XANESNET predicts the spectral intensities using only information about the local coordination geometry ofthe transition metal complexes encoded in a feature vector of weighted atom-centred symmetry functions (wACSF). We address in detail the calibration of the feature vector for the particularities of the problem at hand, and we explore the individual feature importances to reveal the physical insight that XANESNET obtains at the Fe K-edge. XANESNET relies on only a few judiciously-selected features – radial information on the first and second coordination shells suffices, along with angular information sufficient to separate satisfactorily key coordination geometries. The feature importance is found to reflect the XANES spectral window under consideration and is consistent with the expected underlying physics. We subsequently apply XANESNET at nine first-row transition metal (Ti–Zn) K-edges. It can be optimised in as little as a minute, predicts instantaneously, and provides K-edge XANES spectra with an average accuracy of ca. ± 2–4% in which the positions of prominent peaks are matched with a > 90% hit rate to sub-eV (ca.0.8 eV) error.
Visualizing the Avogadro Number
Authors: de Julián-Ortiz Jesus Vicente , Pogliani Lionello , Besalú Emili
Published: February 2022

Background On the occasion of the redefinition of the Avogadro constant in May 2019, a brief history and some didactic reflections on its magnitude are presented. Purpose Some analogies are reviewed and others are suggested to help visualize the extent of its magnitude, and their usefulness is assessed. Design/Method These analogies are set in the teaching context of the first and second courses of the degrees in several scientific and technic disciplines. Their effectiveness is discussed for the first time on the basis of a questionnaire filled by the corresponding students. Results The suggestions for educating and learning are that the most helpful models, following the opinion of the students, are those related to more substantial items, for example, neurons, individuals, planets, above analogies on geometric constructions. Conclusions Challenging current thought, pictorial descriptions are not all the times so advantageous.
MATRIX EXPONENTIAL SOLUTIONS OF FIRST-ORDER CHEMICAL NETWORKS
Authors: gray harry
Published: February 2022

The matrix exponential method as implemented in MATLAB is demonstrated as a facile tool for solving the time-dependent concentrations of an arbitrary chemically reactive network modelled as a coupled linear system of first-order differential equations. The method is used to verify a 10 species network incorporating experimentally supplied forward rate constants; and a random 11 species network incorporating both forward and backward rate constants as modelled by semiclassical electron transfer theory. Also demonstrated is the matrix exponential solution in exact arithmetic (via Putzer's algorithm and verified by Laplace transforms) for a chain of three species coupled reversibly.
Towards fully ab initio modeling of soot formation in a nanoreactor
Authors: Chu Qingzhao , Wang Chenguang , Chen Dongping
Published: February 2022

A neural network (NN)-based model is proposed to construct the potential energy surface of soot formation. Our NN-based model is proven to possess good scalability of O(N) and retain the ab initio accuracy, which allows the investigation of the entire evolution of soot particles with tens of nm from an atomic perspective. A series of NN-based molecular dynamics (NNMD) simulations are performed using a nanoreactor scheme to investigate critical processes in soot formation, acetylene polymerization, and inception of PAH radicals. This shows that NNMD can capture the dynamic process of acetylene polymerization into PAH precursors. The simulation of PAH radicals reveals that physical interaction enhances chemical nucleation, and such enhancement is observed for clusters of π- and σ-radicals, which is distinct from the dimer. We also observed that PAH radicals of ~ 400 Da can produce core-shell soot particles at a flame temperature, with a disordered core and outer shell of stacked PAHs, suggesting a potential physically stabilized soot inception mechanism.
Participation in Intervention Programmes of Children with Poor Reading Skills in Hungary
Authors: Sipos Zsóka , Steklács János
Published: February 2022

In this century, the value of information has become more significant; reflecting this change, focus has shifted to preparing pupils for the functional use of reading. Therefore, the latest international assessments of reading literacy are set up to address this kind of knowledge. Significant numbers of individuals are performing below the minimum level in these assessments in Hungary, signalling lower capacity for participation in the community. When attempting to eliminate functional illiteracy, it is crucial to analyse the present support system, and the efficiency of recognising reading problems in the early stages, in order to improve the provision of education systematically. When examining the probable causes of the struggle to comprehend texts, one of the prerequisites of understanding written language is appropriate decoding. This research focuses on investigating the access to intervention programmes of 5th-grade children with poor reading skills. The speed and accuracy of the aloud reading of 957 pupils attending mainstream classrooms were measured and compared to the data regarding the participation in rehabilitation programmes. The most relevant finding of the research was that only less than half of the children with poor reading skills receive help to improve their performance; 55% of slow readers and 60% of non-accurate readers were left without support, even though their performance is significantly worse than that of their peers. This finding indicates the need to revise the screening system and necessitates more extensive and less diagnosis-based access to intervention programmes.
PROBLEMATIKA EKSISTENSIAL PENDIDIKAN HUMANIORA BERBASIS MEDIA TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL SECARA DARING
Authors: Sihotang Kasdin
Published: February 2022

Education is a path of humanization and hominization. Through education the subject develops multidimension of human being in order to be more human. The development of multidimensional humanity is existentially taking place through personal encounters between educators and students. But Covid 19 has changed all that. The essence of education based on personal and direct relationships between educators and students is considered threating, because it can become a new cluster in the spread of Covid 19. Therefore, the form of teaching that is considered appropriate is online-based learning. This learning model does not prioritize direct relationships, but rather relationships mediated by technology. This form of relationship certainly has two sides. On the one hand, the use of digital technology helps reduce the anxiety of parents, while helping the government overcome the spread of virtues. But on the other hand, it is also necessary to look at the fundamental problems that are present behind the use of digital technology. The fundamental problem concerns several things: first, the elimination of educational values as a form of co-living characterized by interpersonal relationships. Second, the problem of justice, be it commutative justice and legal justice that supposes the availability of technology equally and adequately as a means of use, but in reality, is not. The third, the formation of digitally characterized human being, that are heteronomy, passive attitudes, and absolute dependence.
SEMANGAT BUSHIDO ANALISA KULTURAL UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER MASYARAKAT
Authors: Mujihandono Dominicus Subyar , Siswantara Yusuf
Published: February 2022

Culture and society are two fields of one currency. Both carry inseparable reciprocal consequences. Society produces culture and culture is able to shape society. the character of society determines the culture, but also vice versa, the development of culture will be able to shape the character of the community. Bushido has laid the foundation for the character of Japanese society. These characters are embedded in and shape the younger generation of Japan. This research aims to explore Bushido as a shape for the nation's character with the aim of finding analysis of the model for the development of national character. For that purpose, a library research model is an option in this initial research. The results of this study suggest the cultural side and alternative role models in the development of national character.
GRAMMATICAL MARKERS OF NOUN IN MANGGARAIAN LANGUAGE: CULTURAL LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Erom Kletus
Published: February 2022

Manggaraian Language (ML) is the main local language spoken by Manggaraian Language Speakers (MLS) in three Manggarai Regencies: Manggarai Regency, West Manggarai Regency, and East Manggarai Regency. ML has many unique verbal symbols. Among other things is Grammatical Markers of Nouns (GMN). The data were obtained through observation and interview. Data analysis applied Theory of Cultural Linguistics of Palmer resulting in identifying Verbal Symbols in forms GMN of ML and Cultural Imagery of MLS that motivates them to construct GMN. Seven verbal symbols of ML are found. The GMN functioning as the Grammatical Subject and Verb Complement. The GMN functioning as the Passive Agent. The GMN functioning as the Possessor of a possessed thing. The GMN functioning as the Host of a Verb. The GMN functioning as the Target of a Verb. The GMN functioning as Conjunction to the Second Nouns of the five grammatical functions. It is also found the derivation processes of the GMN. Three cultural imageries of MLS are found. Dividing Nouns into Common Noun and Proper Noun and Fastening different GM to them implies that Nouns are important in cultural imagery of MLS. Fastening different GM to CN and PN implies that CN and PN are different in cultural imagery of MLS. Fastening only one form of GM to CN but two forms of GM to PN implies that PN is important in cultural imagery of MLS.
Application of a combined approach in the patient treatment with aggressive hemangiomas of the spine
Authors: Samonenko Yu.M. , Svyrydiuk O.Ye. , Nayda A.V. , Slobodian О.V.
Published: February 2022

Aggressive hemangioma of the spine is a benign vascular tumor. Stabilization, vertebroplasty, partial resection or total corpectomy of the affected vertebra, radiation therapy are known methods of treatment. Vertebral hemangiomas are more likely to be asymptomatic. Accordind to literature review 3–5 % of hemangiomas are symptomatic (pain). In 1.0 % of cases, hemangiomas cause symptoms of compression of nerve structures, spreading epidurally around the spinal cord and / or radicular nerves. A clinical case of a 63-year-old patient who underwent surgery in 2016 at another clinic for aggressive vertebral hemangiomas Th4 was presented. Bisphosphonate treatment was performed. Despite treatment, progressive lower extremities paraparesis was observed. Spinal angiography and total embolization of hemangiomas with liquid embolizing substances were performed. Immediately after embolization, the patient noted a pain intensity decrease. Surgery was performed in 40 minutes after transarterial embolization (removal of transpedicular stabilizing metal system, laminectomy of Th4 vertebra, decompression of the spinal cord, partial removal of Th4 hemangioma biopsy). The volume of intraoperative blood loss was 200 ml. Wound suction drainage was removed on the second postoperative day. No systemic complications (deep vein thrombosis, pneumonia) were noted. The patient was verticalized on the second postoperative day. After surgery, neurological function corresponded to the preoperative level (Frankel C). Regression of neurological deficit was observed (increased strength and range of motion of the lower extremities, bladder function improvement) the 5th postoperative day (Frankel D-E), Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of hemangiomas. The patient was discharged from hospital with neurological improvement. Radiation therapy was recommended. 3 months after surgery, neurological function was assessed as Frankel E.
DYNAMIC MONITORING OF TECHNICAL CONDITION OF STARTER BATTERIES IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE ACCORDING TO BATTERY CARE AND BATTERY MANAGEMENT PROCEDURES
Authors: Makogon Helen , Slavutskyi Elya , Churbanov Mykyta , Logvinenko Oleh , Iksarytsa Viktoriia , Anenkova Olena
Published: February 2022

The subject matter of the article is the lead-acid batteries carrier and management. The goal of the study is to develop a methodology for the technical condition monitoring of starter batteries in the process of their life cycle based on the use of modern information technology. The tasks to be solved are: to carry out a comparative analysis of Battery Care and Battery Management procedures and to determine the technical condition of starter batteries used on native wheeled and tracked vehicles, and to determine the key characteristics of battery monitoring during their life cycle; to determine the method of GB diagnostics for the implementation of dynamic monitoring of its technical condition during the life cycle in accordance with the procedures for battery care and management; to determine the general view of the functional diagram of the battery tracker ‒ a software and hardware device capable of caring for the battery and managing it; to provide suggestions for improving the efficiency of battery maintenance using battery trackers. General scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge are used. The following results are obtained. The suggested methodology makes it easy to determine, by comparing the data obtained at different times, in which batteries the degradation has just begun, and in which they have reached the level at which they need to be replaced without a fatal malfunction. Monitoring of the technical condition of the batteries using battery trackers implement the procedure for care and management of batteries, makes it possible to optimize the 12ST-85P battery maintenance schedule and come from the scheduled-interval maintenance system to the maintenance with parameter control. Conclusions. The development of battery trackers, hardware and software applications capable of battery care and battery management, can be seen as a promising area for the development of battery management. Proper care of the battery and charging equipment, proper operation and timely monitoring of the battery’s lifetime are the most important factors in its operation. Only in this case, it is possible to achieve the best economic efficiency of the GB use and prolong their lifetime. Battery Care and Battery Management by the means of a GB-tracker allows to optimize the maintenance schedule of the 12ST-85P batteries and to come from a planned preventive maintenance system to a parameter-controlled maintenance system. In this way it is possible to increase the period and reduce the number of operations to be carried out during the maintenance of the GB.
COMPARISON OF MACHINE LEARNING METHODS FOR A DIABETES PREDICTION INFORMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Shmatko Olexander , Goloskokova Anna , Korol Olha , Rahimova Irada
Published: February 2022

Diabetesisadiseaseforwhichthereisnopermanentcure;therefore,methodsandinformationsystemsarerequired for its early detection. This paper proposes an information system for predicting diabetes based on the use of data mining methods and machine learning algorithms. The paper discusses a number of machine learning methods such as random forest, AdaBoost algorithm, multilayer perceptron, neuro–like structure of Consecutive Geometric Transformations Models (CGTM), linear regression based on the stochastic gradient descent, generalized regression neural network and regression based on the support vector machine. The Pima Indian Diabetes dataset collected from the UCI machine learning repository was used in the research. The dataset contains information about 768 patients and their corresponding nine unique attributes: the number of times of pregnancy; plasma glucose concentration for two hours in an oral glucose tolerance test; diastolic blood pressure; the thickness of the folds of the skin of the triceps; the concentration of serum insulin for two hours; body mass index; a function of diabetes heredity; the age of a person; the result of a variable class (0 – no diabetes, 1 – a sick person). The research has been carried out to improve the prediction index based on the Recursive Feature Elimination method. It was found that the logistic regression model performed well in predicting diabetes. It has been shown that in order to use the created model to predict the likelihood of diabetes mellitus with an accuracy of 78%, it is necessary and sufficient to use such indicators of the patient's health status as the number of times of pregnancy, the concentration of glucose in the blood plasma during the oral glucose tolerance test, the BMI index and the result of the calculation of the heredity functions "Diabetes Pedigree Function".
Kontribusi Kecerdasan Emosional Dan Persepsi Sosial Terhadap Interaksi Sosial Mahasiswa Serta Implikasinya Dalam Bimbingan Dan Konseling
Authors: Monalisa Monalisa , Daharnis Daharnis , Syahniar Syahniar
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research was obviously to describe: (1) emotional intelligence, (2) social perception, (3) social interaction, (4) the contribution of emotional intelligence, social perceptio, emotional intelligence and social perception towards social interactions. This research was using quantitative method with correlation type. The population was college students’ guidance and counseling program in STKIP PGRI West Sumatera. The research findings shown that: (1) an average of the emotional intelligence of college students at the high category, (2) social perceptions of the college students were in the positive category, (3) college students’ social interaction  were in the good category, (4) there was a significant contribution of emotional intelligence toward social interaction, (5) there was a significant contribution of social perception toward social interaction, and (6) there were together a significant contribution of emotional intelligence and social perception toward social interaction.
Kontribusi Self Esteem dan Self Control terhadap Kecanduan Game Online
Authors: Heni Rizka , Marjohan Marjohan , Alizamar Alizamar
Published: February 2022

This study purpose to describe: (1) self esteem and self control, (3) the online game addiction of Pertiwi 1 Padang senior high school students, (4) the contribution of self esteem and self control toward online game addiction, and (5) the contribution of both self esteem and self control to online game addiction.The research applied quantitative approach by using correlation technique. The population of this research was the students of Pertiwi 1 Padang senior high school. The data gathered was analyzed by using simple regression and multiple regression.The results of this research that: (1) the students’s self esteem, students’s self control, and students addicted to online game was in midlle category, (2) self esteem contributed significantly and both self esteem and self control contributed significantly to online game addiction about 18,2% and 11%, (3) toward online game addiction about 25, 2%.