bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development ion phosphate sensor system for precision farming
Authors: Manurung R V , Prabowo B A , Hermida I D P , Kurniawan D , Sulaeman Y , Heryana A
Published: November 2019

Indonesia as an agricultural country has agricultural lands are quite spacious and most of the people working in this sector. However, agricultural production has not yet fulfilled domestic demand. One effort to increase agricultural production is to apply precision farming method where conducted monitoring and analysis of soil conditions prior to land management activities by using sensor technology. This paper described the development of sensor systems for measuring ion phosphate concentration as the main nutrient. The sensor employs an electrochemical amperometric measurement technique, based conductive polymer as an ion-sensitive membrane through electro-polymerization technique and electrode fabrication using thick film technology. Three configuration electrodes has been used for the sensor and working and auxiliary electrode was made by carbon while the reference electrode fabricated use silver|silver chloride. The ion phosphate sensor was characterized using a standard phosphate solution 10−6 - 10−2 M and produced current about 4 to 41 μA with 98 % linearity, and 150 seconds average of response time. In addition, signal conditioning and data acquisition as electronic circuit system which has support the sensor have been designed and fabricated.
Prediction of wind disaster using kriging spatial interpolation and internet of things
Authors: Kodong Frans Richard , Fajar Juwairiah
Published: November 2019

The Indonesian Disaster Management Agency (BNPB, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana) estimates that wind dissaster are increasing in some parts of Indonesia. The occurrence of wind dissaster can not be predicted, when and where they occur, because the cause of natural factors, namely differences in pressure. Disasters that occur in Indonesia is caused by human factors, namely changes in land use and a way of life that does not pay attention to environmental conservation. Public preparedness in the face of the possibility of disaster increases, when disaster occurs they immediately evacuate themselves to a safer place. Therefore it is necessary socialization and understanding to the community against the possibility of disaster, another thing to think about is preparing early warning facilities and infrastructure. Yogyakarta is one of the areas that must be wary of the threat of a tornado, especially when there will be seasonal changes. The damage caused by the wind disaster is increasing, indicating that wind speed plays an important role in relation to the impact of damage caused. In this research methodology of system development that will be used is System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). For estimation of direction and wind speed will be used Kriging Spatial Interpolation Method. The IoT technology used consists of an anemometer and a microcontroller device and GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) to obtain or capture real-time data of wind speed and direction sent over the internet to the server.
The Implement of Permanent Magnet Material Variations on the Reduction of Cogging Torque in PMSG
Authors: Herlina  , Rahardjo Amien , Sudiarto Budi , Setiabudy Rudy
Published: November 2019

Permanent magnet synchronous generator is a type of electric machine that is extensively adopted for wind turbines. However, the operation of permanent magnets in the rotor sets up a unique issue, particularly an enormous cogging torque value. Cogging torque is a torque that occurs because the interaction that takes place between the flux provided by a permanent magnet and the slot on the stator. This torque affects the rotor’s initial movement in the generator where the rotation of the rotor will be heavy and not smooth. Therefore, this torque is crucial to be decreased so that indeed in small wind speed inputs, the rotor can rotate. In this research, variations in the handling of permanent magnets will be analysed, especially ALnico, NdFeB, Ceramics and SmCo employing the anti-notch method. From the results achieved, each type of permanent magnet influences the value of tangential flux density which further influences the value of cogging torque reduction. By applying the new anti-notch method, the cogging torque value is significantly reduced compared to the reference generator design.
Analysis of the effect of the cutting speed on specific cutting energy in turning process
Authors: Thamrin Ismail
Published: November 2019

In machining process, the cutting temperature and cutting force produced is an important parameter need to be control or reduce. The cutting temperature and cutting force will effected the tool life thus effected the tool cost. Metalworking fluids are essential coolants and lubricants used in material removal and deformation processes to improve manufacturing productivity.This Research will look the effect of cutting speed to specific cutting energy in workpiece on Turning Process using SCCO2 as the coolant. The results of the analysis on this study will compare the results from simulations using Autodesk Software Simulation of Mechanical 2016 with the results of the journal as a reference. From theoretical calculations, the cutting forces decrease while the cutting speeds increase. Then the specific cutting energy will decrease with the increase of cutting speed. The specific cutting energy is. 1,805 J/mm3 to cutting speed 50 m/min, 1,765 J/mm3 to cutting speed 65 m/min and 1,733 J/mm3 to cutting speed 80 m/min [8].
Effect of modification of spiral pipes on mini boiler to steam temperature and boiler efficiency
Authors: Fusito Y , Thamrin Ismail
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to modify the water pipe in the mini boiler into a spiral pipe, with a pipe length of 196.8 cm. With the aim of increasing the efficiency and temperature produced by mini boilers. In addition, it is also to determine the shape and length of the pipe that is better for use in mini boilers. The results of the test show the temperature rise that passes through the superheater pipe. In the spiral pipe model there is a temperature increase of 10.92 °C, with a steam inlet temperature of 277.62 °C. While the temperature of steam coming out of the superheater pipe is 288.54°C. This shows a temperature increase of 16.6°C, with a superheater pipe steam temperature of 267.4 °C and a steam temperature of 284 °C from the previous pipe model. Testing for heating water, until it becomes steam in the mini boiler is carried out for 90 minutes.The temperature value of the spiral pipe model is better than the previous pipe model. And the efficiency value obtained in the mini boiler using the spiral pipe is 15.055%, while in the previous study only 5.73%.
Massive earthquake countermeasures by establish muster point and migration path using network analysis in Matraman District, Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Randi Cattleya , Andromeda Zidny Ilma , Nazhifah Khairunnisa , Syahputra Reza , Mahmuddin Iskandarsyah , Septyandy Muhammad Rizqy
Published: November 2019

The issue of earthquake with magnitude 8 SR that threatens Jakarta has recently become a major concern due to the chance of catastrophic. This is closely related to the existence of a seismic gap located in Southern Java, Sunda Strait Megathrust. The seismic gap is a segment of an active fault known to produce a significant earthquake that shows no earthquake activities for an unusually long time. This situation implies that the moving crust is reserving potential energy which going to be release and resulting massive earthquake. The potential earthquake source located around 200 km from Jakarta which has densely populated and frequent annual disasters such as floods and fires. Matraman district is one of the densely populated areas in Jakarta with a population density of 319,291 per km2. Through GIS, this research uses network analysis methods to create an evacuation route in the event of a disaster. This method works with a cluster system to obtain the most effective paths in pre-determined zones. The evacuation route resulted from this analysis used 21 zones located in Matraman sub-district. Each zone has various evacuation time. The fastest time range between 1 to 3 minutes and the longest about 4 to 12 minutes. This evacuation route is also usable for SAR team and firefighter to reach the area of disaster.
The landslide analysis by using remote sensing & scoring calculation methods of tenang waras and its surrounding area, Muara Enim district, South Sumatera
Authors: Ardiansyah M , Hastuti E W D
Published: November 2019

Indonesian country geographically formed in the ring of fire zone. This situation trigger the occurrence of various natural disasters in Indonesia such as the earthquake, volcanic eruption and even tsunami waves, besides there is also one of the natural disaster which crucial enough and occur quite often, which is the landslide. The landslide disaster happens mostly in the highland area with the steep slope. This also applies in research area which located in Tenang Waras, South Sumatera. The research area located in high altitude having range of altitude from 402 masl to 912 masl, it also has steep enough slope and high ratio of rainfall. The methods of this research are study literature, geological and landslide zones mapping which analysed and combined with the laboratory analysis by using remote sensing software and also the scoring method which able to create high accuracy calculation from both of its analysis. The results of literature study shows that the research area often happens severe landslide disasters, result from geological mapping and landslide zones which combined with laboratory analysis known that there are several landslide zone which obtained from the landslide zone mapping, each of them are located in the north eastern, north western and south western part of research area, this is similar with the result of scoring method & remote sensing analysis by using the aspect of highest importance value of slope parameter with value of 5 and the lowest value is height parameter with the value of 2.
A study of coal upgrading in briquette making based on briquette characteristics using heated mechanical metods
Authors: Handayani H E , Ningsih Y B , Arifin M A
Published: November 2019

Indonesia has low quality coal reserves which are quite abundant. The low quality of coal is due to the inherent water content that is still quite high. Therefore, an upgrading process is needed. The upgrading process is intended to increase the calorific value of coal. The upgrading process can be applied to the process of coal briquettemaking. Generally, the manufacturing of low quality coal briquettes uses mechanical and heating methods in two different processes. In this study, the manufacturing of the briquettes uses the tools in a series of processes. The working principle of this tool is based on the strength of pressure and heating temperature. The maximum pressure is 900 psi, and the maximum heating temperature is 150°C. One of the important factors that determines the success of the upgrading process is the magnitude of heating temperature. The variations of heating temperature used are 50°C, 75°C, 100°C, 125°C, 150°C. The heating temperature affects the characteristics of coal briquettes produced. The heating temperature that produces the best quality coal briquettes is 150°C. The results of analysis of the coal briquette’s composition are as follows: the inherent water content is 11.00%, the volatile substance level is 46.48%, the ash content is 6.13%, the fixed carbon value is 36.39, and the calorific value is 5.235cal / gr.
Evaluation of groundnut shell as a reductant for microwave reduction of low grade banded iron ore
Authors: Rayapudi V , Dhawan N
Published: November 2019

This study investigates the utilization of low-grade banded iron ore for its utilization as a blast furnace feedstock. The complex association of the quartz-hematite phase and a fine liberation size prohibits the direct use of these ores in the steel production cycle. Conventional reduction experiments using different reductants yielded limited iron enrichment. Microwave carbothermal reduction using economical and abundantly available groundnut shell was investigated using a Taguchi L9 statistical design. The design optimal condition of 900W power, 20 min time and 3% equivalent carbon yielded an enriched iron concentrate with Fe 58% at 85.6% recovery. Characterization studies reveal the formation of sequential hematite, magnetite and wustite formation with groundnut shell dosage. The concentrate obtained can be used as feedstock for blast furnace burden. Microwave reduction was found better in terms of product control than conventional reduction, as fayalite formation was not observed.
Evaluation of geometric properties of regular and irregular particles of chalcedonite enrichment products from pulsating laboratory jig by means of dynamic image analysis method (DIA)
Authors: Krawczykowski D , Krawczykowska A , Gawenda T , Nad A
Published: November 2019

The aim of the paper was to evaluate the geometrical properties of regular and irregular chalcedonite particles contained in enrichment products obtained in a laboratory ring jig. Investigative programme included carrying out the tests of aggregate enrichment together with the vision analysis of regular and irregular particles of feed and enrichment products obtained from different layers of the jig bed. Various types of shape coefficients were calculated and the most effective among them for the assessment the particle shape, were selected. The particle size distribution of the feed and their enrichment products according to the minimum Feret’s diameter, were also determined. The results obtained by the vision system were discussed in the context of its potential utilization in evaluation of the enrichment process of mineral aggregates in a water jig.
Factor analysis in determining the quality of coal
Authors: Niedoba T , Pieta P , Surowiak A
Published: November 2019

The separation of coal material of three types of coals originating from three various Polish hard coal mines (types 31, 34.2 and 35, according to Polish nomenclature, which were steam coal, semi-coking coal and coking coal) into particle size fractions and then into particle density fractions was done and then the following parameters were measured for each particle size-density fraction: combustion heat, ash contents, sulfur contents, volatile parts contents, analytic moisture. In this way a 7-dimensional vector of data was created. Using methods of factor analysis the important features of coal were selected, which decide about their membership to individual types. To evaluate the appropriateness of the applied method the Bartlett’s sphericity test as well coefficient of Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) were used. To select important factors the Kaiser criterion and Cattell’s scree test were used. The obtained results were compared with the results obtained in previous works by means of observation tunnels method. The results showed which particular features are crucial to define the type of coal what is also important to select appropriate method of its enrichment.
Physical separation methods, Part 1: A Review
Authors: Poloko N
Published: November 2019

Herein, the importance of physical separation methods of ores in mineral processing is widely acknowledged. Of interest is the magnetic separation, gravity concentration and sensor-based separation methods. The process of separating elements of value from gangue in ores depends on its chemical nature and mineralogical attributes hence the need for a profound characterization prior to physical separation. Some ores especially copper sulphides are readily available in nature in low grades usually less < 1% while some may appear relatively in small isolated deposits (Baba et al, 2012). Therefore, it is costly to extract a small portion of a purified metal from such ores. To circumvent high energy and costs when conducting relevant extraction operations, ores directly from mines can be processed physically before smelting, leaching, purifying or other recovery processes. Most physical separation plants and processes are adjunct to the mines to avoid transportation of a heavy ore with only a small portion of valuables. The aim of this review is to present an understanding on physical separation methods with emphasis on how they take advantage of ore physical properties to achieve separation. In addition, developments of these methods with growing technology is also presented.
RETRACTED: Experimental investigation of dry turning of AISI 1040 steel with TiN coated insert
Authors: Nair Sreejith S , Ramkumar T , Selva kumar M , Netto Fabian
Published: November 2019

Quality and productivity plays a pivotal part in the current manufacturing scenario. The current investigations are expected to evaluate the superlative handle environment which may fulfill the prerequisites of both quality as well as productivity. This work is centered on numerical modeling along with optimization model based on Box Behnken design strategy to optimize the machining parameters such as spindle speed, feed , depth of cut and nose radius on the reaction characteristics specifically, surface roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR) during the dry turning of AISI 1040 steel utilizing TiN coated Carbide inserts. The results uncover that the spindle speed and the depth of cut are the foremost impacting factors that realize maximization of material removal rate and the minimization of surface roughness in dry turning of AISI 1040 steel. The optimization results illustrate that the desired combination of machining parameters for least surface roughness(Ra) of 1.15 μm and high MRR of 22 568.2 mm3 min−1 is obtained at the cutting speed of 1200 rpm, feed of 0.21 mm rev−1, depth of cut of 1.5 mm and nose radius of 1.2 mm.
Ethanol Withdrawal Alters the Oxidative State of the Heart Through AT1-Dependent Mechanisms
Authors: Assis Victor O , Gonzaga Natália A , Silva Carla B P , Pereira Lucas C , Padovan Cláudia M , Tirapelli Carlos R
Published: November 2019

Aims

We investigated the cardiac effects of ethanol withdrawal and the possible role of AT1 receptors in such response.

Methods

Male Wistar rats were treated with increasing doses of ethanol (3 to 9%, vol./vol.) for 21 days. The cardiac effects of ethanol withdrawal were investigated 48 h after abrupt discontinuation of ethanol. Some animals were orally treated with losartan (10 mg/kg/day), a selective AT1 receptor antagonist.

Results

Ethanol withdrawal did not affect serum levels of creatine kinase (CK)-MB. Losartan prevented ethanol withdrawal-induced increase in superoxide anion (O2•−) production in the left ventricle (LV). However, ethanol withdrawal did no alter the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or the expression of Nox1, Nox2 or Nox4 were found in the LV. Ethanol withdrawal reduced the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the LV and this response was prevented by losartan. Ethanol withdrawal increased catalase activity in the LV and losartan attenuated this response. No changes on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity or expression were detected in the LV during ethanol withdrawal. The expression of AT1, AT2 or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was not affected by ethanol withdrawal. Similarly, no changes on the expression of ERK1/2, SAPK/JNK, COX-1 or COX-2 were found in the LV during ethanol withdrawal.

Conclusions

Ethanol withdrawal altered the cardiac oxidative state through AT1-dependent mechanisms. Our findings showed a role for angiotensin II/AT1 receptors in the initial steps of the cardiac effects induced by ethanol withdrawal.
Chandra's revolution in X-ray astronomy
Authors: Wilkes Belinda J
Published: November 2019

Belinda J Wilkes looks back at 20 years of science from the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
Chemotactic responses of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita to Streptomyces plicatus
Authors: Wang Pinyi , Sun Yan , Yang Liangliang , Hu Yan , Li Jiefang , Wang Jinxing , Zhang Fei , Liu Yajun
Published: November 2019

Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the interactions of many species in the rhizosphere, including soil nematodes. One hundred strains of rhizosphere actinomycetes were screened in vitro for their effects on the chemotactic behavior of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Volatile compounds produced by the strain Streptomyces plicatus G demonstrated both strong attractant and repellent activities towards M. incognita. The compound dibenzofuran attracted M. incognita nematodes strongly, while compound benzothiazole repelled them. The chemotaxis of M. incognita was also tested under controlled conditions in pot experiments. Cultures of S. plicatus G and volatile dibenzofuran attracted M. incognita while volatile benzothiazole repelled them. The results showed that volatile compounds produced by rhizosphere actinomycetes could influence the chemotaxis of nematodes to a host. This study provides new information about the interrelationship between rhizosphere actinomycetes and nematodes that may be useful in preventing nematode parasitism of agricultural crops.
Ondansetron use in the first trimester of pregnancy and the risk of neonatal ventricular septal defect
Authors: Lemon Lara S , Bodnar Lisa M , Garrard William , Venkataramanan Raman , Platt Robert W , Marroquin Oscar C , Caritis Steve N
Published: November 2019

Background

Literature is divided regarding the risk of neonatal ventricular septal defect (VSD) associated with first trimester ondansetron use in pregnancy.

Methods

We evaluated the risk of VSD associated with first trimester exposure to intravenous or oral ondansetron in 33 677 deliveries at Magee–Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, PA (2006–2014). Using log-binomial regression, we evaluated the risk: (1) in the full cohort, (2) using propensity score designs with both matching and inverse probability weighting and (3) utilizing clustered trajectory analysis evaluating the role of dose. Sensitivity analyses assessed the association between ondansetron and all recorded birth defects in aggregate.

Results

A total of 3733 (11%) pregnancies were exposed to ondansetron in the first trimester (dose range: 2.4–1008 mg). Ondansetron was associated with increased risk of VSD with risk ratios ranging from 1.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0–2.9] to 2.1 (95% CI 1.1–4.0) across methods. Risks correspond to one additional VSD for approximately every 330 pregnancies exposed in the first trimester. The association was dose-dependent with increased risk in women receiving highest cumulative doses compared with lowest doses [adjusted risk ratio: 3.2 (95% CI 1.0–9.9)]. The association between ondansetron and congenital malformations was diluted as the outcome included additional birth defects.

Conclusions

First trimester ondansetron use is associated with an increased risk of neonatal VSD potentially driven by higher doses. This risk should be viewed in the context of risks attributable to severe untreated nausea and vomiting of pregnancy.
Anal Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (SILs) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Positive Men Who Have Sex With Men: Incidence and Risk Factors of SIL and of Progression and Clearance of Low-Grade SILs
Authors: Jongen V W , Richel O , Marra E , Siegenbeek van Heukelom M L , van Eeden A , de Vries H J C , Cairo I , Prins J M , Schim van der Loeff M F
Published: November 2019

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of anal squamous cell carcinoma. Data are limited on the natural history of the precursor to this carcinoma, anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs).

Methods

HIV-positive MSM were screened for histopathological SILs by means of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA). For participants without SILs at baseline, we estimated the cumulative incidence and risk factors for SILs. For those with low-grade SILs (LSILs) at baseline, the risk of progression to high-grade SILs (HSILs) and the clearance rate were estimated at the lesion level.

Results

Of 807 men without SILs at baseline, 107 underwent follow-up HRA between 1 to 4.5 years later. At the second visit 18 men (16.8%) showed LSIL, and 25 (23.4%) HSIL. Age was associated with incident LSILs (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.10 per 10-year increase in age; P = .01). Of 393 men with LSILs at baseline, 114 underwent follow-up HRA 0.5 to 2.5 years later. Of the 177 LSILs found at baseline, 87 (49.2%) had cleared at the second visit, and 29 (16.4%) had progressed to HSILs.

Conclusion

Incident LSILs and HSILs were common during follow-up among HIV-positive MSM without dysplasia at baseline. Among men with LSILs at baseline, nearly half of these lesions cleared, and a small portion progressed.
Jejuno-jejunal intussusception secondary to diffuse intestinal lipomatosis
Authors: Tabone Renee Angela , DeGreve Tom , Webb Peita , Yuide Peter
Published: November 2019

A 25-year-old man presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He had previously presented 10 days prior with similar symptoms. Computed tomography imaging showed a large jejuno-jejunal intussusception. Multiple intestinal masses were identified intraoperatively with the rare diagnosis of intestinal lipomatosis later confirmed via histopathology. Diagnosis and management of rare surgical pathologies is always challenging. Intussusception should always be considered as a differential diagnosis for abdominal pain in adults, as adult intussusception is typically due to a structural abnormality with majority of cases requiring surgical intervention. Exploratory laparotomy with segmental resection and primary anastomosis proved to be a successful approach in our case, with the patient having an uneventful recovery. Follow-up has consisted of gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, which have not demonstrated any further lipomas.
Psychoeducation
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This chapter explains the tripartite model of anxiety: physiological arousal, behavioral disruption and avoidance, and distorted cognition. The interaction of these three components underlies the cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) model for this treatment. The material begins laying the groundwork for cognition as the precipitating event in a downward spiral and for avoidance as key in maintaining the problem. These concepts are important for helping clients understand the rationale for the primary components of treatment (cognitive restructuring and exposure both in and out of session). One goal of this chapter is to develop a common language to understand anxiety, which is helped by spending some time on each of the three components of anxiety to ensure that the client understands each component before moving on to their interaction.
Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This chapter introduces the idea of information-processing biases using the “amber-colored glasses” metaphor. Although information-processing biases are well established in the research literature, this is a difficult concept to communicate to socially anxious individuals. By describing the amber-colored glasses as a natural outcome of a particular combination of genetics, family environment, and important experiences, the therapist can indicate that the way in which the client processes information makes sense; it just may not be functional. The chapter also covers identification of automatic thoughts (ATs) and finding logical errors (the identification of thinking errors) in ATs. The notion of ATs is used extensively throughout treatment.
Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

This chapter builds on the first two steps of cognitive restructuring that were developed in chapter 5: (a) the identification of automatic thoughts (ATs) and the emotions they cause and (b) the identification of thinking errors. This chapter presents the remaining steps in cognitive restructuring: (c) challenging ATs by using disputing questions and (d) generating rational responses. The session opens with a review of the Social Anxiety Session Change Index and homework, and then each concept is covered. There is also a brief discussion in anticipation of the first exposure in the next session. The first in-session exposure is a key moment in treatment.
Advanced Cognitive Restructuring
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

As individuals work through various exposures and associated cognitive restructuring, both therapist and client may notice that certain themes keep reoccurring. Themes in automatic thoughts reflect core beliefs that drive all of the difficulties a person is experiencing. These core beliefs may not come to mind easily; they are often associated with heightened affect, and the client may be more reluctant to discuss them. Once the client makes some significant improvement and completes at least three to four exposures, and when the therapist sees that cognitive restructuring frequently returns to a common theme, then it is time to present the material in this chapter.
The Origins of Social Anxiety
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

The primary purpose of this chapter is to finish presentation of the cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) model with a discussion of the etiology and maintenance of social anxiety. Clients vary on how much they want to know about some of the details. However, nearly everyone asks about etiology at some point in treatment. Possible causes of social anxiety include a genetic component, family environment, and important experiences. However, most psychologists agree that social anxiety disorder, like most other psychological disorders, is not caused by just one thing and results from a combination of factors. This chapter includes the beginning of monitoring progress using the SASCI (Social Anxiety Session Change Index). From this point in therapy forward, at the beginning of each session, clients complete the SASCI.
Plotting the Road Map for Our Journey
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Although everyone who experiences social anxiety fears being viewed negatively by others or performing poorly in social situations, the situations that evoke fears vary considerably from one person to the next. In this chapter, therapist and client continue to refine their understanding of the client’s three components of anxiety and develop a Fear and Avoidance Hierarchy, which is a rank-ordered list of situations in which a client experiences anxiety. There are four steps in constructing a Fear and Avoidance Hierarchy: (a) brainstorming, (b) discovering what makes a situation easier or harder and refining the client’s list of situations, (c) making ratings of fear and avoidance for each situation, and (d) rank ordering the situations. A hierarchy is meant to provide a good representation of situations that cause the client anxiety.
Additional Tools for Challenging Your Automatic Thoughts
Authors: Hope Debra A. , Heimberg Richard G. , Turk Cynthia L.
Published: November 2019

Additional techniques to challenge automatic thoughts are presented in this chapter. These techniques include the pie chart technique, in which a pie chart can help clients examine catastrophic fears. The continuum technique can be used to help clients put possible negative outcomes in the proper perspective. The me–not me technique is intended to help therapists and clients maintain an awareness that anxiety in certain social situations is expected and even appropriate. The technique of intentional physiological arousal induction involves having the client engage in an activity like jogging in place or walking quickly up and down flights of stairs prior to engaging in an exposure. Video feedback is another potentially powerful intervention.
Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions for Pediatric Health Concerns in Schools
Authors: Sulkowski Michael L. , Bluez Grai , McKinney Ariel , Wolf Jaclyn
Published: November 2019

Children with chronic medical conditions often require more mental health supports than their peers without health problems due to increased levels of stress related to the uncertainty of their health, frequent absences from school, and other demands associated with the treatment or management of their illnesses. This chapter provides information about the use and adaptation of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention strategies for children with chronic health conditions in schools. Research supports the efficacy of using CBT in school settings for children displaying varied chronic medical conditions. The chapter reviews the key components of CBT as well as research, scholarship, and clinically relevant information on the use of CBT interventions for pediatric health concerns as they relate to school-age youth. In particular, the following evidence-based CBT components are discussed: psychoeducation, cognitive restructuring, relaxation training and stress management, and behavioral exposure.
Cardiovascular Disorders
Authors: Hampton Lyla E. , Demianczyk Abigail C. , Hoffman Casey
Published: November 2019

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects in the United States, affecting approximately 1% of births per year, with most children surviving into adulthood. Despite improved survival, individuals with CHD remain at high risk for neurological, cognitive, and psychosocial challenges that affect quality of life across the lifespan and have specific implications for working with children with CHD in the school setting. This chapter describes several common complications of CHD, as well as acquired heart defects, that have implications for how children with the conditions present in the school setting. The chapter also provides information about common neurodevelopmental disorders associated with these medical conditions and the effects of the conditions on psychological adjustment and quality of life in children. Finally, the chapter concludes with a review of intervention strategies that school-based professionals may adopt when working with children with heart conditions.
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Gallagher Katherine A. S. , Hilliard Marisa E.
Published: November 2019

Diabetes is a chronic medical condition that affects many children in the United States. The chapter provides an overview of type 1 and type 2 diabetes and focuses on the roles of school-based providers in helping students with diabetes, in collaboration with families and medical providers. Specific strategies, such as educating school personnel and peers about the conditions and treatments and recognizing and responding to symptoms of the conditions, are discussed. Providing assistance with, and supervision of, self-management tasks, monitoring symptoms, and identifying and implementing appropriate school-based accommodations are some key activities school-based professionals adopt to support students with diabetes. Additionally, addressing any learning or psychological concerns and assessing for possible diabetes-related contributors are critical. Included in the chapter are handouts with helpful resources for professionals, lists of measures for assessing concerns common to children with diabetes, and a tool to support student engagement in self-management activities related to diabetes care.
Eating and Feeding Disorders
Authors: Ha Carolyn , Wolfe Rachel , Wagner Rebecca
Published: November 2019

Eating disorders, which encompass a broad spectrum of diagnoses, typically emerge in adolescence or young adulthood. This chapter focuses on eating or food-related disorders and malnutrition in children and adolescents. The chapter provides a general description of eating disorders in children and adolescents, assessment and treatment considerations, and resources for school-based clinicians who work with children and adolescents diagnosed with an eating disorder. Information about common school-related concerns, such as cognitive difficulties, frequent school absences, nutritional intake, and engagement in physical activities, is included, with specific strategies for the school-based professional to adopt when working with students with eating disorders. The chapter concludes with a list of helpful resources and a framework for guiding the development of an individualized education plan or 504 plan for students who need additional educational accommodations or interventions.
Consensus and Collaboration in the Working Alliance
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N. , Moore Michael T. , Pagano-Stalzer Chloe C.
Published: November 2019

In this chapter, the authors address the concepts of consensus and collaboration, which are two related constructs that underlie the working alliance. The authors discuss how to establish consensus and collaboration with patients, as well as how consensus and collaboration evolve from the beginning of treatment to termination. Additionally, they provide clinical examples of how to achieve consensus and collaboration within the working alliance and discuss three interrelated markers of client behavior that signal that there is consensus and collaboration in the therapist–client dyad—collaborative motivation, framework consensus, and collaborative action. The goal of this chapter is to provide therapists with the tools to foster a “confident collaborative relationship.”
Clients’ Perspectives on, Experiences of, and Contributions to the Working Alliance
Authors: Bedi Robinder , Hayes Syler
Published: November 2019

This chapter focuses on the “other side” (argued here as the more important side) of the working alliance—that is, clients’ perspectives, experiences, and contributions. The authors provide a practice-friendly review of the research on clients’ understandings of the alliance and offer suggestions and techniques that professionals can use to develop and maintain a working alliance that is responsive to clients’ subjective understandings. Moreover, they remind clinicians that the client’s experience of the working alliance is more predictive of successful counseling and psychotherapy than clinician’s own experience of the working alliance. Therefore, clinicians should dedicate significant effort on the development of a working alliance that fosters openness and positive emotions. Particular emphasis should be placed on the early interactions in and prior to psychological treatment, the relational experience of interventions, and the value of micro-skills (i.e., validation) when developing and maintaining a working alliance.
Facilitating Supervisee Competence in Developing and Maintaining Working Alliances
Authors: Goodyear Rodney , Sera Hideko
Published: November 2019

The quality of the therapist-client working alliance predicts both a client’s persistence in treatment and the outcomes he or she achieves. More effective therapists are better able to establish strong alliances across a range of clients, and this is true regardless of the model from which they work. It is important, therefore, that training programs ensure that their graduates are able to develop and manage alliances with their clients. Supervisors are key to accomplishing this training goal. This chapter focuses on the supervisor–supervisee relationship and its effect on the supervisee–client working alliance. As detailed by the authors, the working relationship between a supervisor and a supervisee is paramount in the supervisee’s professional development. The supervisor–supervisee relationship provides the contextual framework from which supervisees begin to form working alliances with their own clients. The authors highlight areas of supervisory focus that can improve the supervisee–client working alliance by focusing on specific attitudinal and skill-related issues that affect working alliance-related competence.
Integration and Discussion
Authors: Fuertes Jairo N.
Published: November 2019

In this chapter the author discusses the most salient content from each of the previous eight chapters with the goal of highlighting themes and of integrating ideas for the reader. A working alliance must be cultivated and maintained, at times even repaired. Simply putting together a well-meaning therapist and a motivated client does not guarantee that a working alliance will develop between the two. While the working alliance is a collaborative effort and product, it is the therapist’s primary job to foster its development, along with the contributions and collaboration of the client. Finding a shared focus and purpose to the work is at the heart of what constitutes the working alliance, and this is exactly what the therapist must set to accomplish from the earliest moments in treatment. The author organizes the themes along the lines of the therapist, the client, and therapist–client interactions. The author discusses implications for future thinking with respect to training and clinical practice from the perspective of the working alliance.
Sin1-mediated mTOR signaling in cell growth, metabolism and immune response
Authors: Ruan Chun , Ouyang Xinxing , Liu Hongzhi , Li Song , Jin Jingsi , Tang Weiyi , Xia Yu , Su Bing
Published: November 2019

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase with essential cellular function via processing various extracellular and intracellular inputs. Two distinct multi-protein mTOR complexes (mTORC), mTORC1 and mTORC2, have been identified and well characterized in eukaryotic cells from yeast to human. Sin1, which stands for Sty1/Spc1-interacting protein1, also known as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) associated protein (MAPKAP)1, is an evolutionarily conserved adaptor protein. Mammalian Sin1 interacts with many cellular proteins, but it has been widely studied as an essential component of mTORC2, and it is crucial not only for the assembly of mTORC2 but also for the regulation of its substrate specificity. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the structure and functions of Sin1, focusing specifically on its protein interaction network and its roles in the mTOR pathway that could account for various cellular functions of mTOR in growth, metabolism, immunity and cancer.
Evaluation of Inpatient Antimicrobial Regimens for Readmitted Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Patients Receiving Daptomycin or Ertapenem for Ease of Administration
Authors: Britt Rachel S , LaSalvia Mary T , Padival Simi , Patel Parth , McCoy Christopher , Mahoney Monica V
Published: November 2019

Background

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) allows for long-course intravenous treatment of infections without lengthy hospital stays. Upon discharge, antimicrobial therapy may be broadened for “ease” of once-daily administration (EOA). Patients requiring subsequent readmission can be tailored to pre-OPAT regimens to minimize adverse effects. This study assessed continuation of EOA regimens upon hospital readmission during or immediately following OPAT.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of adults enrolled in OPAT and discharged on ertapenem or daptomycin for EOA, defined by the terms “convenience” or “EOA” in OPAT notes or by switching to ertapenem or daptomycin upon OPAT enrollment despite adequate therapy with narrower-spectrum agents. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients readmitted during or following their OPAT course and maintained on an EOA regimen. Secondary outcomes included inpatient therapy cost, rates of Clostridioides difficile infection, and adverse events.

Results

Of 188 patients receiving an OPAT EOA regimen, 71 were readmitted, representing 113 unique readmissions. Patients were mostly males (81%) aged 57 years. EOA regimens were continued in 27% of hospital readmissions. The Infectious Diseases (ID) team was consulted in 48% of readmissions, and the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) intervened in 26%. Combined, this resulted in de-escalation in 28% of cases. C. difficile infections and adverse events occurred in 7% and 12% of readmissions respectively. The median acquisition cost of inpatient EOA regimens was $150 per readmission.

Conclusion

OPAT EOA regimens were continued in 27% of hospital readmissions indicating a role for improved indication documentation and collaboration between ID services, ASPs, and OPAT teams.
The paediatrician as a leader: A resident educational intervention for high-value care
Authors: Foulds Jessica L , Forbes Karen L
Published: November 2019

The American College of Physicians defines high-value care (HVC) as health care that balances clinical benefit with costs and harms with the goal of improving patient outcomes. We present a novel 2-hour workshop developed for general paediatric residents designed to promote reflective practice on resource stewardship and raise awareness of costs of medical care in hospitalized children. The workshop impact was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Preworkshop, 2-week postworkshop, and 6-month postworkshop electronic surveys were completed by 18 of 43 workshop participants (42% survey participation rate, 100% follow-up in postworkshop surveys) revealing increased knowledge and retention. Thematic analysis performed on ‘lessons learned’ and ‘action plans’ provided by participants at the end of the workshop yielded rich data with key findings from learners that included critical thinking about their management and reflecting on nonmonetary costs. Future directions include faculty development and assessment of impact on patient care.
A meta-analysis of neutron lifetime measurements
Authors: Rajan Ashwani , Desai Shantanu
Published: November 2019

We calculate the median as well as weighted mean central estimates for the neutron lifetime from a subset of measurements compiled in the 2019 update of the Particle Data Group (PDG). We then reconstruct the error distributions for the residuals using three different central estimates and then check for consistency with a Gaussian distribution. We find that although the error distributions using the weighted mean as well as median estimate are consistent with a Gaussian distribution, the Student’s $t$ and Cauchy distribution provide a better fit. This median statistic estimate of the neutron lifetime from these measurements is given by $881.5 \pm 0.47$ seconds. This can be used as an alternate estimate of the neutron lifetime. We also note that the discrepancy between beam and bottle-based measurements using median statistics of the neutron lifetime persists with a significance between 4 $\sigma$ and 8 $\sigma$, depending on which combination of measurements is used.
The Institutional Foundations of Religious Politics: Evidence from Indonesia*
Authors: Bazzi Samuel , Koehler-Derrick Gabriel , Marx Benjamin
Published: November 2019

This article explores the foundations of religious influence in politics and society. We show that an important Islamic institution fostered the entrenchment of Islamism at a critical juncture in Indonesia, the world’s largest Muslim country. In the early 1960s, rural elites transferred large amounts of land into waqf—inalienable charitable trusts in Islamic law—to avoid expropriation by the state. Regions facing a greater threat of expropriation exhibit more prevalent waqf land and Islamic institutions endowed as such, including mosques and religious schools. These endowments provided conservative forces with the capital needed to promote Islamist ideology and mobilize against the secular state. We identify lasting effects of the transfers on the size of the religious sector, electoral support for Islamist parties, and the adoption of local sharia laws. These effects are shaped by greater demand for religion in government but not by greater piety among the electorate. Waqf assets also impose costs on the local economy, particularly in agriculture, where these endowments are associated with lower productivity. Overall, our findings shed new light on the origins and consequences of Islamism.