bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recommendations on the management of pudendal nerve entrapment syndrome: A formalised expert consensus
Authors: Levesque Amélie , Bautrant Eric , Quistrebert Virginie , Valancogne Guy , Riant Thibault , Beer Gabel Marc , Leroi Anne‐Marie , Jottard Katleen , Bruyninx Luc , Amarenco Gerard , Quintas Lara , Picard Pascale , Vancaillie Thierry , Leveque Christine , Mohy Frédérique , Rioult Bruno , Ploteau Stéphane , Labat Jean‐Jacques , Guinet‐Lacoste Amandine , Quinio Bertrand , Cosson Michel , Haddad Rebecca , Deffieux Xavier , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Garreau Claire , Robert Roger
Published: October 2021

Background

Since the development and publication of diagnostic criteria for pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) syndrome in 2008, no comprehensive work has been published on the clinical knowledge in the management of this condition. The aim of this work was to develop recommendations on the diagnosis and the management of PNE.

Methods

The methodology of this study was based on French High Authority for Health Method for the development of good practice and the literature review was based on the PRISMA method. The selected articles have all been evaluated according to the American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians assessment grid.

Results

The results of the literature review and expert consensus are incorporated into 10 sections to describe diagnosis and management of PNE: (1) diagnosis of PNE, (2) patients advice and precautions, (3) drugs treatments, (4) physiotherapy, (5) transcutaneous electrostimulations (TENS), (6) psychotherapy, (7) injections, (8) surgery, (9) pulsed radiofrequency, and (10) Neuromodulation. The following major points should be noted: (i) the relevance of 4+1 Nantes criteria for diagnosis; (ii) the preference for initial monotherapy with tri‐tetracyclics or gabapentinoids; (iii) the lack of effect of opiates, (iv) the likely relevance (pending more controlled studies) of physiotherapy, TENS and cognitive behavioural therapy; (v) the incertitudes (lack of data) regarding corticoid injections, (vi) surgery is a long term effective treatment and (vii) radiofrequency needs a longer follow‐up to be currently proposed in this indication.

Conclusion

These recommendations should allow rational and homogeneous management of patients suffering from PNE. They should also allow to shorten the delays of management by directing the primary care.

Significance

Pudendal nerve entrapment (PNE) has only been known for about 20 years and its management is heterogeneous from one practitioner to another. This work offers a synthesis of the literature and international experts' opinions on the diagnosis and management of PNE.
Thickness Dependence of WO3 and NiOx Thin Films in All‐Solid‐State Complementary Electrochromic Devices
Authors: Che Xiaoqi , Guo Junji , Wang Mei , Wang Mengying , Zhong Xiaolan , Liu Qiaoyi , Dong Guobo , Wang Xu , Yang Jiaming , Diao Xungang
Published: October 2021

WO3 and NiOx films with various thicknesses are deposited by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering. The relationship between film thickness and its electrochromic properties is investigated. A typical five‐layer corresponding complementary electrochromic device (CECD) is fabricated using optimized individual thicknesses of WO3 and NiOx, with UV‐curing Li+‐based polymer gel electrolyte. The results show that increasing film thickness can generally enhance the electrochemical and optical properties of WO3 and NiOx films. However, charge capacities and optical modulation drop when the thickness reaches a critical value, due to the dominance of the diffusion‐controlled process. 350 nm WO3 displays a wide optical modulation of 82.21% with a charge density of 36.72 mC cm−2, whereas 360 nm NiOx exhibits an optical modulation of 46.37% with a charge density of 7.66 mC cm−2. The CECD presents a fast response (bleaching and coloring time of 2.4 and 4 s, respectively) and good durability with optical modulation decreasing only 16% after 300 cycles. The current densities exhibit no significant decline till 3000 cycles during the stable period. The involvement of the diffusion‐controlled process in the electrochemical mechanism is substantiated by fitting chronoamperometry data, and the diffusion coefficient in the activated period is about three times larger than that in the stable period.
Analyzing ignition data for fire modeling purposes
Authors: Babrauskas Vytenis
Published: October 2021

Fire models, or other fire safety engineering tools, may require that input data be supplied for characterizing the ignition of combustible solids. This may be done in ad hoc manner and result in poor realism for modeling the ignition process. Extensive research on the ignition of solid materials has been done in recent decades, notably in characterizing the ignition time as a function of incident heat flux. This paper summarizes the highlights of what has been learned during such research. It then offers the user algorithms that may prove useful in the development or advancement of fire models. The suggested methods can also be valuable to performing simple (i.e., spreadsheet‐based) analysis of ignition data in order to extract effective thermophysicochemical properties of tested materials. Procedures for both thermally thick and thermally thin solids are presented. The previously developed procedures for a constant heating flux are extended to a time‐varying heat flux, with the latter based on the Duhamel superposition principle.
The case of Sparkle Rai: A violent patriarchal narrative of conspiratorial kinship and race
Authors: Doucet‐Battle James
Published: October 2021

This article explores how the absence of a robust anthropological analysis of intersecting kinship obligations obscured a more complete public understanding of a horrific crime and the patriarchal (ir)rationality it underlined. The following court trial that I witnessed in its entirety on the CourtTV channel in the United States, necessitated an anthropological analysis that neither legal nor media analysts could perform, at the peril of failing to understand the contextual drivers of such criminal (ir)rationality. I argue that patriarchal affinities can often work beyond cultural, religious, or racial differences in reproducing gender and anti‐Blackness through unlikely partnerships predicated upon a shared disregard for women's lives. I proceed, therefore, from a standpoint that views violence against women as rooted in what I call conspiratorial kinship not in culture, religion, race, or ethnicity (Abu‐Lughod 2011, 17). The case in question will demonstrate how these social domains serve as validating proxies legitimating violence against offending women in the problematic name of honor.
Sepur Zarco, Guatemala: “Bodying Forth” and forensic aesthetics of witnessing in the courtroom and beyond
Authors: Posocco Silvia
Published: October 2021

Drawing on long‐term anthropological research in Guatemala, the article examines the case of sexual and labor slavery in armed conflict known as ‘Sepur Zarco’. Focusing on the scene of selected court hearings related to events that took place in a military base near the village of Sepur Zarco, Izabal, between 1982 and 1986, the analysis focuses on ‘bodying forth’ (Das 2007), as a process of witnessing, materialization and subjectification that emerges in the declarations of the different parties, as they conjure up Dominga Cuc Coc, a local Maya Q'eqchi’ woman, on the riverbank washing army uniforms under duress, or as the body of the forensic exhumation. ‘Bodying forth’ is tied to performative forensic imaginaries and forensic aesthetics in the courtroom, the broader Guatemalan body politic, and beyond. It challenges the epistemological underpinnings of law and science to re‐center the necessary differential and differentiated accounts of the witnesses and their appeals to justice.
Amaranth selective hydrolyzed protein influence on sourdough fermentation and wheat bread quality
Authors: Karimi Nayereh , Zeynali Fariba , Rezazad Bari Mahmoud , Nikoo Mehdi , Mohtarami Forogh , Kadivar Mahdi
Published: October 2021

Amaranth selective hydrolyzed protein (ASPH) may improve sourdough properties and bread quality. In this regard, this study focused on investigating the influence of protein hydrolysates on sourdough fermentation and bread properties. Based on the findings, ASPH further increased Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth in sourdough compared with amaranth protein isolates and amaranth flour. ASPH at 5 g/kg resulted in sourdough with higher pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) after 20 h of fermentation at 30°C. The prepared sourdough using APH (S‐ASPH) at 3 g/kg increased the specific volume (4.57 ml/g) and TTA (4.76 ml) while decreasing water activity, hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the bread (S‐ASPH‐B) compared with the control. Moreover, transition temperature and enthalpy reduced whereas sensory properties and shelf life represented an increase with S‐ASPH addition. Overall, the obtained data indicated the improvement of bread quality by S‐ASPH sourdough.
NEK6 is an injury‐responsive kinase cooperating with STAT3 in regulation of reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Yu Ying , Shen Tianjin , Zhong Xiaoling , Wang Lei‐Lei , Tai Wenjiao , Zou Yuhua , Qin Jun , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhang Chun‐Li
Published: October 2021

In response to brain injury, resident astrocytes become reactive and play dynamic roles in neural repair and regeneration. The signaling pathways underlying such reactive astrogliosis remain largely unclear. We here show that NEK6, a NIMA‐related serine/threonine protein kinase, is rapidly induced following pathological stimulations and plays critical roles in reactive astrogliosis. Enhanced NEK6 expression promotes reactive astrogliosis and exacerbates brain lesions; and conversely, NEK6 downregulation dampens injury‐induced astrocyte reactivity and reduces lesion size. Mechanistically, NEK6 associates with and phosphorylates STAT3. Kinase activity of NEK6 is required for induction of GFAP and PCNA, markers of reactive astrogliosis. Interestingly, NEK6 is also localized in the nucleus and binds to STAT3‐responsive genomic elements in astrocytes. These results indicate that NEK6 constitutes a molecular target for the regulation of reactive astrogliosis.
Mosquito‐borne disease and newborn health
Authors: Sanfelice Viviane
Published: October 2021

While mosquito‐borne diseases are currently most prevalent in mid‐latitude countries, rising global temperatures could expand their range. This paper investigates whether one such disease, dengue, harms newborns. The empirical design exploits epidemiological patterns of the disease spreading. Dengue infection rates in the mother's municipality of residence which prevailed during the gestation period are instrumented with exogenous factors that determine dengue incidence in municipalities that have tight social connections to the maternal municipality. Using a large longitudinal dataset of Brazilian birth records, I find that a higher dengue rate during the third trimester of gestation has a detrimental effect on birth weight. In utero exposure to dengue also increases the probability of cesarean delivery and can lead to more serious consequences such as increased fetal and maternal mortality rates.
Radioresistance and genomic alterations in head and neck squamous cell cancer: Sub‐analysis of the ProfiLER protocol
Authors: Rowinski Elise , Magné Nicolas , Fayette Jérôme , Daguenet Elisabeth , Racadot Séverine , Pommier Pascal , Méry Benoîte , Vallard Alexis , Tinquaut Fabien , Neidhardt‐Berard Eve‐Marie , Cassier Philippe , Attignon Valéry , Pissaloux Daniel , Wang Qing , Sohier Emilie , Pérol David , Blay Jean‐Yves , Trédan Olivier
Published: October 2021

Background

Genome analysis could provide tools to assess predictive molecular biomarkers of radioresistance.

Methods

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients included in ProfiLER study and who underwent a curative radiotherapy were screened. Univariate and Cox multivariate analyses were performed to explore the relationships between molecular abnormalities, infield relapse and complete tumor response after radiation.

Results

One hundred and forty‐three patients were analyzed. PIK3CA mutation and genomic instability of MAP kinases pathway were found to be prognostic factors of loco‐regional relapse in multivariate analysis with respectively HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.83, p = 0.005 and HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.96, p = 0.025. Instability of apoptosis pathway was found to be a prognostic factor of complete response after radiotherapy with HR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07–0.88, p = 0.04.

Conclusion

This sub analysis suggests that PIK3CA mutation, variation of copy number of MAP kinases and apoptosis pathways play a significant role in the radioresistance phenomenon.
Improving the culture of safety among healthcare workers: Integration of different instruments to gain major insights and drive effective changes
Authors: Tocco Tussardi Ilaria , Moretti Francesca , Capasso Mario , Niero Valentina , Visentin Donatella , Dalla Barba Livio , Tardivo Stefano
Published: October 2021

The Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) and Manchester Patient Safety Framework (MaPSaF) are known as effective tools to assess patient safety culture and climate and develop targeted strategies. However, they are seldom applied in an integrated way. The aim of this study was to conduct an implementation project through a novel use of both instruments to gain unique insights. The Italian version of MaPSaF and SAQ were administered to 1,759 healthcare workers from three Italian hospitals (response rate: MaPSaF 70.5%, SAQ 61.6%). MaPSaF evaluation proved an overall bureaucratic level of patient safety culture. SAQ scores showed a predominance of neutral scores (75.99%). The dimension perception of management gained the lowest mean score (53.32), while Stress recognition obtained the highest (75.17). Safety climate perception differed significantly among groups: working in a small hospital, in a medical department, and being a physician were associated with the most positive results. The majority (67.1%) of responders to both MaPSaF and SAQ considered the two instruments as providing with different and complementary information. Overall, results showed that an integrated approach in the evaluation of an organisation's safety culture may result useful for an in‐depth analysis of the criticalities and the adoption of appropriate improvement strategies.
A geometrical method for quantifying endmembers' fractions in three‐component groundwater mixing
Authors: Cuoco Emilio , Viaroli Stefano , Darrah Thomas H. , Paolucci Vittorio , Mazza Roberto , Tedesco Dario
Published: October 2021

We present a new geometrical method capable of quantifying and illustrating the outcomes of a three‐component mixing dynamics. In a three‐component mixing scenario, classical algebraic equations and endmember mixing analysis (EMMA) can be used to quantify the contributions from each fraction. Three‐component mixing of natural waters, either in an element–element plot or by using the EMMA mixing subspace is described by a triangular shaped distribution of sample points where each endmember is placed on an apex, while each side corresponds to the mixing function of the two endmembers placed at the apex, considering the third endmembers' contribution equal to zero. Along each side, the theoretical mixing fractions can be computed using mass balance equations. Samples with contributions from three endmembers will plot inside the triangle, while the homogeneous barycentric coordinate projections can be projected onto the three sides. The geochemistry observed in the mineralized Ferrarelle aquifer system (southern Italy) results from three‐component mixing of groundwater, each with diagnostic geochemical compositions. The defined boundary conditions allow us to parameterize and validate the procedures for modelling mixing, including selection of suitable geochemical tracers.
The clinical impact of self‐reported symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis in people with bronchiectasis
Authors: Lee Annemarie L. , Nicolson Caroline H. H. , Bondarenko Janet , Button Brenda M. , Ellis Samantha , Stirling Robert G. , Hew Mark
Published: October 2021

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis affects 62% of adults with bronchiectasis and is linked to greater bronchiectasis severity. However, the impact of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis on disease‐specific and cough‐related quality of life is unknown.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, adults with stable bronchiectasis and chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms completed the sinonasal outcome test‐22 (SNOT‐22), quality of life–bronchiectasis questionnaire, and Leicester cough questionnaire. Bronchiectasis severity was assessed using the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI) and chest high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT).

Results

Sixty participants with bronchiectasis (mean [SD] forced expiratory volume in 1 s of 73.2 [25.5] %predicted) were included. Greater severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms (based on SNOT‐22) was moderately associated with impaired cough‐related quality of life (according to the Leicester cough questionnaire; all r > −.60) and impaired bronchiectasis‐specific quality of life (based on the quality of life–bronchiectasis questionnaire), with impaired physical function (r = −.518), less vitality (r = −.631), reduced social function (r = −.546), greater treatment burden (r = −.411), and increased severity of respiratory symptoms (r = −.534). Chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms were unrelated to disease severity according to the BSI (r = .135) and HRCT scoring (all r < .200). The severity of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms was not affected by sputum color (p = .417) or the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization (p = .73).

Conclusions

In adults with bronchiectasis, chronic rhinosinusitis has a consistent and negative impact on both cough‐related and bronchiectasis‐specific quality of life.
SARS‐CoV‐2 targeting by RNAi and host complement inhibition: A two‐pronged subterfuge for COVID‐19 treatment
Authors: Naqvi Raza Ali , Shukla Deepak , Naqvi Afsar R.
Published: October 2021

Background

The lack of knowledge about the specific preventive measures and limited scientific information on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) led to an excruciating onset and progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Swift development of various successful vaccines around the globe is striving to contain the exponential surges of COVID‐19 cases. However, the ongoing struggle to vaccinate the global population and alarming spread of highly transmissible variants may thwart global initiatives to contain SARS‐CoV‐2 as observed by less robust protective immunity.

Methods

In this perspective, we propose a thought‐provoking, two‐pronged strategy involving RNA interference approach to degrade essential SARS‐CoV‐2 ORFs required for replication and entry in conjunction with a complement inhibitor (compstatin) to stymie the detrimental proinflammatory cytokine storm that exacerbate disease progression and severity.

Results

We provide supporting evidence suggesting that concurrent targeting of viral and host components will be a superior strategy to effectively suppress viral spread and clinical manifestations of COVID‐19.

Conclusion

SARS‐CoV‐2 specific RNAi in conjunction with systemic delivery of compstatin will be an effective two‐pronged strategy to combat local and systemic immune responses in both symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID‐19 patients.
A European, prospective, observational study of enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: PREMISE
Authors: Payne Heather , Robinson Angus , Rappe Bernard , Hilman Serena , De Giorgi Ugo , Joniau Steven , Bordonaro Roberto , Mallick Stéphane , Dourthe Louis‐Marie , Flores Moisés Mira , Gumà Josep , Baron Benoit , Duran Aurea , Pranzo Alessandra , Serikoff Alexis , Mott David , Herdman Mike , Pavesi Marco , De Santis Maria
Published: October 2021

In randomized clinical trials, the androgen‐receptor inhibitor enzalutamide has demonstrated efficacy and safety in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). This study captured efficacy, safety and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) of enzalutamide in mCRPC patients in a real‐world European setting. PREMISE (NCT0249574) was a European, long‐term, prospective, observational study in mCRPC patients prescribed enzalutamide as part of standard clinical practice. Patients were categorized based on prior docetaxel and/or abiraterone use. The primary endpoint was time to treatment failure (TTF), defined as time from enzalutamide initiation to permanent treatment discontinuation for any reason. Secondary endpoints included prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response, time to PSA progression, time to disease progression and safety. PROs included EuroQol 5‐Dimension, 5‐Level questionnaire, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Prostate and Brief Pain Inventory—Short Form. Overall, 1732 men were enrolled. Median TTF with enzalutamide was 12.9 months in the chemotherapy‐ and abiraterone‐naïve cohort (Cohort 1) and 8.4 months in the postchemotherapy and abiraterone‐naïve cohort (Cohort 2). Clinical outcomes based on secondary endpoints also varied between cohorts. Cohorts 1 and 2 showed small improvements in health‐related quality of life and pain status. The proportions of patients reporting treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were 51.0% and 62.2% in Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively; enzalutamide‐related TEAEs were similar in both cohorts. The most frequent TEAE across cohorts was fatigue. These data from unselected mCRPC patients in European, real‐world, clinical‐practice settings confirmed the benefits of enzalutamide previously shown in clinical trial outcomes, with safety results consistent with enzalutamide's known safety profile.
Impact of human papillomavirus on the tumor microenvironment in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Liu Ping , Chernock Rebecca D. , Lang Kuhs Krystle A. , Lewis James S. , Li Hua , Gay Hiram A. , Thorstad Wade L. , Wang Xiaowei
Published: October 2021

Increasing evidence has elucidated the clinicopathological significance of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells. However, TME differences associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) have not been well characterized. In our study, we comprehensively determined the TME infiltration patterns in 315 OPSCC patients, and systematically correlated the TME phenotypes with genomic characteristics and clinical features of OPSCCs. In this way, we observed the enrichment of high endothelial cells and adaptive immune cells in HPV‐positive (HPV+) OPSCCs, in contrast to the enrichment of fibroblasts and capillary endothelial cells in HPV− negative (HPV−) OPSCCs. By focusing on immune checkpoint genes, we constructed a coexpression network using genes that were differentially expressed between HPV+ and HPV− OPSCCs. Functional analysis of the network indicated that HPV+ OPSCCs had elevated immune activities by promoting adaptive immune response and suppressing activities related to extracellular matrix organization. Subsequently, clinical analysis showed that identified TME‐relevant genes were closely associated with the prognosis and therapy response in OPSCC. Importantly, results from the TME analysis were further validated using an independent OPSCC cohort.
Clinical analysis of 2152 cases of abnormal uterine bleeding treated by NovaSure endometrial ablation
Authors: Xie Hui , Wan Yajun , Yi Shuijing , Zeng Fei , Sun Xin , Yang Yimin , Xiao Songshu
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate the efficiency, postoperative hysterectomy rate, and influencing factors for therapeutic effect of the NovaSure endometrial ablation procedure in abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 2152 patients from the Department of Gynecology at the Third Xiangya Hospital, CSU from October 2010 to December 2018.

Results

From the first year to the eighth year after operation, annual effective rate was above 95.24%, and the differences were not statistically significant. There are statistically significant differences between the effective and ineffective groups with regard to age, intrauterine polyps, total length of the uterus, systemic coagulation disorder, and preoperative hemoglobin. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated with systemic coagulation disorders (P = 0.027) and high total uterine length (P = 0.003) affected NovaSure efficacy in the treatment of AUB. By December 2019, the postoperative hysterectomy rate was 1.86% (40/2152) and the complication rate was 1.67% (36/2152).

Conclusion

NovaSure is a reliable treatment for AUB and serious medical complications because of its simple operation, low amount of bleeding, quick postoperative recovery, and safe and effective short‐term and long‐term efficacy. However, it should be carefully selected for patients with a total uterus length exceeding 10 cm.
Associations between parenting representations and behavior among young mothers and mothers with opioid use disorder
Authors: Edwards Renee C. , Herriott Anna L. , Finger Brent , Hans Sydney L.
Published: October 2021

Mothers’ representations reflect how they experience their child and their relationship, and can guide parenting behavior. While studies of representations typically focus on infancy, this study examines associations between mothers’ representations and behavior with their preschoolers using two samples: young mothers (n = 201; 42% African American, 42% Latina, 8% European‐American, 8% multi‐ethnic; Mage = 32 months) and mothers in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD; n = 150; 100% African American; Mage = 49 months). This study aims to identify the distribution of representations within these populations, differences in parenting between mothers classified with balanced and non‐balanced representations, and distinct parenting behaviors associated with distorted and disengaged representations. The Working Model of the Child Interview was conducted to assess representations, and mother–child interactions were video‐recorded. The distribution of balanced, distorted, and disengaged representations was 59%, 25%, and 15% among young mothers, and 21%, 39%, and 40% among mothers with OUD. Balanced representations (coherent, rich, engaged, respectful) were associated with positive parenting, including sensitivity, autonomy support, cognitive support and less negative regard among young mothers, and sensitivity and encouragement in the OUD sample. Mothers with disengaged representations (emotionally distant, lacking detail, indifferent) demonstrated less support for learning compared to mothers with distorted representations (involved but inconsistent, negative, or bizarre descriptions of child).
Evaluation of fentanyl toxicity and metabolism using a zebrafish model
Authors: Cooman Travon , Bergeron Sadie A. , Coltogirone Rebecca , Horstick Eric , Arroyo Luis
Published: October 2021

The increased abuse of novel drugs has created a critical need for cheap and rapid in vivo models to understand whole organism drug‐induced toxicity and metabolic impacts. One such model is zebrafish, which share many similarities to human. Assays have been developed for behavioral, toxicity, and metabolism elucidation following chemical exposure. The zebrafish model provides the advantage of assessing these parameters within a single study. Previous zebrafish studies have evaluated the behavioral effects of fentanyl, but not developmental toxicity and its relation to metabolism. In this study, we evaluate the effects of fentanyl on the development of wild‐type (TL strain) zebrafish and its metabolism over 4 days. Fertilized eggs were exposed to six concentrations of fentanyl (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50, and 100 μM) through embryo media incubated at 28–29°C. Observations included egg coagulation, somite formation, heartbeat, tail and yolk morphology, pericardial formation, and swim bladder inflation. The incubation media was analyzed for the presence of metabolites using a targeted metabolomics approach. Fentanyl concentration caused significant effects on survival and development, with notable defects to the tail, yolk, and pericardium at 50 and 100 μM. Despropionyl fentanyl (4‐ANPP), β‐hydroxy fentanyl, and norfentanyl were detected in zebrafish larvae. We present a single in vivo model to assess toxicity and metabolism of fentanyl exposure in a vertebrate model system. Our findings provide a foundation for further investigations into fentanyl's mechanism of action and translation to human drug exposure.
Efficient Mn‐Ni‐Co nanocomposite–based electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media
Authors: Mugheri Abdul Qayoom , Sangah Ali Asghar , Ali otho Aijaz , Memon Shahzad Ahmed , Mahmoud Khaled H. , El‐Bahy Zeinhom M.
Published: October 2021

Due to the frequent use of fossil fuels and their direct impact on the environment, new ways of production of energy sources are essentially needed for the current era. Hydrogen is the perfect candidate for renewable energy; however, efficient O2 gas production is associated with a lack of active electrocatalysts that could be low cost effective and comparable to the performance of noble metal RuO2. The newly developed composite has a Tafel slope of 65 mV dec−1 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the nonprecious Mn‐Ni‐Co‐based electrocatalyst. This mixed oxide alloy possesses excellent oxygen evolution activity in alkaline media with the composite material. It is best of fit to produce OER in 1 M KOH media at 1.41 V onset potential, 230 mV overpotential, and the catalyst is highly durable for 40 hr. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study strongly provides the fast OER kinetics of 86.5 Ω charge transfer resistance. An active catalyst is needed for the cheaper generation oxygen gas production on large scale. Thus, outperform, stable, and inexpensive catalysts are highly demanded O2 gas production from the electrolysis of water through oxygen evolution. Herein, we present an efficient and highly stable catalyst based on transition metal oxide ternary Mo‐Ni‐Co nanostructures and their composite for water splitting in basic conditions for the first time. The presented catalysts are up to the mark of ruthenium oxide performance and superior to several transition metal dichalcogenides. This fabrication technology is a new roadmap for the development of active and scalable oxygen‐evolving catalysts by overcoming the issues of fewer catalytic edges, low density, and poor conductivity. The obtained results demonstrate highly favorable on the Mn‐Ni‐Co for OER due to 173.20 Ω small charge transfer resistance values and 1.97 mF capacitance values.
LINC00662: A new oncogenic lncRNA with great potential
Authors: Zhong Chenming , Zhang Qiudan , Zhang Mingfang , Qi Yuanlin , Duan Shiwei
Published: October 2021

LINC00662 is located on chromosome 19q11 and is 2085 bp long. It is a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) newly discovered. LINC00662 expression is upregulated in at least 14 tumors. In addition, the upregulation of LINC00662 expression is also closely related to the poor prognosis of cancer patients and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. LINC00662 can act as a ceRNA of at least 8 miRNAs. By regulating these miRNAs and their downstream genes, LINC00662 participates in the regulation of four signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway, the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the SMD signaling pathway. In addition, the abnormal upregulation of LINC00662 can promote the stem‐like features of lung cancer cells. LINC00662 can reduce the promoter methylation level of s‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)‐promoting genes by regulating the MAT1A/SAM and AHCY/SAH axes, thereby promoting the activation of oncogenes. This article summarizes the molecular regulation mechanism of LINC00662 in cancer and the diagnostic and prognostic value of LINC00662 in cancer.
Dreading the pain of others? Altruistic responses to others' pain underestimate dread
Authors: Story Giles W. , Chowdhury Rony , Kurth‐Nelson Zeb , Crockett Molly , Vlaev Ivo , Darzi Ara , Dolan Raymond J.
Published: October 2021

A dislike of waiting for pain, aptly termed ‘dread’, is so great that people will increase pain to avoid delaying it. However, despite many accounts of altruistic responses to pain in others, no previous studies have tested whether people take delay into account when attempting to ameliorate others' pain. We examined the impact of delay in 2 experiments where participants (total N = 130) specified the intensity and delay of pain either for themselves or another person. Participants were willing to increase the experimental pain of another participant to avoid delaying it, indicative of dread, though did so to a lesser extent than was the case for their own pain. We observed a similar attenuation in dread when participants chose the timing of a hypothetical painful medical treatment for a close friend or relative, but no such attenuation when participants chose for a more distant acquaintance. A model in which altruism is biased to privilege pain intensity over the dread of pain parsimoniously accounts for these findings. We refer to this underestimation of others' dread as a ‘Dread Empathy Gap’.
Morpho‐anatomical characterization of some members of euglenophycota (algae) of north‐east Punjab, Pakistan based on light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Authors: Ullah Nadeem , Butt Ghazala Yasmeen , Jaffer Mehwish , Ain Quratul
Published: October 2021

The study was carried out in four districts, that is, Gujranwala, Gujarat, Narowal and Sialkot of Punjab, Pakistan. The sampling was carried out randomly in different seasons from the water bodies especially from wastewater. Twenty‐one species belonging to Euglenophycota were identified using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy from which 04 species belong to genus Phacus, 02 species belonging to Trachelomonas and Euglena based on light microscopy. It was observed that Euglena was the most diverse genus and it is supposed to be the indicator species of the polluted water. It was observed that E. oblonga was found in maximum pH range, that is, 7.0–11.0. Similarly, E. brevicaudatus was found in maximum EC, that is, 169 ± 1.5 ms/cm these outcomes indicated that for internal examination along with LM, SEM was necessary for correct identification of algal sample up to specie level.
Mutation profiles of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma transformation of splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable on whole‐exome sequencing
Authors: Kurosawa Shuhei , Toya Takashi , Sadato Daichi , Hishima Tsunekazu , Hirama Chizuko , Najima Yuho , Kobayashi Takeshi , Haraguchi Kyoko , Okuyama Yoshiki , Oboki Keisuke , Harada Hironori , Sakamaki Hisashi , Ohashi Kazuteru , Harada Yuka , Doki Noriko
Published: October 2021

A 58‐year‐old male was diagnosed with splenic B‐cell lymphoma/leukemia, unclassifiable (SPLL‐U). The lymphoma transformed into diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and multidrug chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation achieved complete remission. Two years later, the lymphoma relapsed as SPLL‐U. Serial whole‐exome sequencing indicated that the mutation profiles were similar between the onset and relapsed samples while those in DLBCL were partially distinctive, which was in line with the clinical course. Hierarchical clustering revealed that an IGLL5 mutation was the founder mutation proceeding the development of the diseases and suggested that KRAS and other mutations might contribute to the transformation.
Does food security matter to subjective well‐being? Evidence from a cross‐country panel
Authors: Kornher Lukas , Sakketa Tekalign Gutu
Published: October 2021

The conventional economics literature equates welfare with consumption‐based utility, neglecting the psychological effects of uncertainty and fear of the future on well‐being. In this study, we examine how food insecurity relates to changes in subjective well‐being within a comparative analysis across different country groups between 2005 and 2018 and find that food insecurity matters to well‐being. We also examine the relationship between experienced food insecurity and well‐being, taking into account any potential endogeneity. In low‐income, food‐deficient, food‐importing and drought‐affected countries, changes in the prevalence of undernourishment explain a great deal of the variation in subjective well‐being over time.
Pro-inflammatory polarization primes Macrophages to transition into a distinct M2-like phenotype in response to IL-4
Authors: O'Brien Erin M , Spiller Kara L
Published: October 2021

Tissue repair is largely regulated by diverse Mϕ populations whose functions are timing- and context-dependent. The early phase of healing is dominated by pro-inflammatory Mϕs, also known as M1, followed by the emergence of a distinct and diverse population that is collectively referred to as M2. The extent of the diversity of the M2 population is unknown. M2 Mϕs may originate directly from circulating monocytes or from phenotypic switching of pre-existing M1 Mϕs within the site of injury. The differences between these groups are poorly understood, but have major implications for understanding and treating pathologies characterized by deficient M2 activation, such as chronic wounds, which also exhibit diminished M1 Mϕ behavior. This study investigated the influence of prior M1 activation on human Mϕ polarization to an M2 phenotype in response to IL-4 treatment in vitro. Compared to unactivated (M0) Mϕs, M1 Mϕs up-regulated several receptors that promote the M2 phenotype, including the primary receptor for IL-4. M1 Mϕs also up-regulated M2 markers in response to lower doses of IL-4, including doses as low as 10 pg/mL, and accelerated STAT6 phosphorylation. However, M1 activation appeared to also change the Mϕ response to treatment with IL-4, generating an M2-like phenotype with a distinct gene and protein expression signature compared to M2 Mϕs prepared directly from M0 Mϕs. Functionally, compared to M0-derived M2 Mϕs, M1-derived M2 Mϕs demonstrated increased migratory response to SDF-1α, and conditioned media from these Mϕs promoted increased migration of endothelial cells in transwell assays, although other common Mϕ-associated functions such as phagocytosis were not affected by prior polarization state. In summary, M1 polarization appears to prime Mϕs to transition into a distinct M2 phenotype in response to IL4, which leads to increased expression of some genes and proteins and decreased expression of others, as well as functional differences. Together, these findings indicate the importance of prior M1 activation in regulating subsequent M2 behavior, and suggest that correcting M1 behavior may be a therapeutic target in dysfunctional M2 activation.
Enhancing museums' attractiveness through digitization: An investigation of Italian medium and large‐sized museums and cultural institutions
Authors: Palumbo Rocco
Published: October 2021

The Covid‐19 pandemic put the museums' viability under stress, with national and supranational policies imposing closures and restricting the number of admitted visitors. Digitization enables cultural institutions to overcome such constraints, prompting innovative service delivery models. However, evidence on digitization's implications on organizational attractiveness (OA) is scant. Taking a retrospective approach, the article proposes a parallel mediation analysis to shed some light on the effects of digitization on museums' attractiveness. Findings suggest that digitization enhances OA directly and indirectly, via the delivery of digital services to physical visitors. Furthermore, digitization allows museums to meet the virtual visitors' expectations, enriching the cultural service offering.
Armed conflict, HIV, and syndemic risk markers of mental distress, alcohol misuse, and intimate partner violence among couples in Uganda
Authors: Mootz Jennifer J. , Basaraba Cale N. , Corbeil Thomas , Johnson Karen , Kubanga Kefentse P. , Wainberg Milton L. , Khoshnood Kaveh
Published: October 2021

Northeastern Uganda has suffered from protracted armed conflict and HIV/AIDS and has some of the highest rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) globally. Little is known about how exposure to conflict and HIV influence individuals’ syndemic risk markers or those of their partners. We conducted a population‐based study using multistage sampling across three districts in Northeastern Uganda. We randomly surveyed 605 women aged 13–49 years and estimated syndemic problems for currently partnered women (N = 561) who reported for their male partners. Syndemic problems were lower in the low‐conflict district than the high‐conflict district, p = .009. Conflict exposure was associated with couples’ syndemic scores, respondent: β = 0.182, p < .001; partner: β = .181, p < .001. Problem scores were significantly higher among women whose partner was either HIV positive, p = .031, or had an unknown HIV status, p = .016, compared with those whose partner was HIV negative. The total effects of women's, β = .15, p = .034, and men's, β = .137, p = .038, armed conflict exposure on male‐to‐female IPV were significant. For male partners, there were significant total effects of having an unknown, β = .669, p < .001, or positive, β = 1.143, p < .001, HIV status on experiencing female‐to‐male IPV. These results suggest that syndemic problems and corresponding treatments should consider couple influences. Addressing mediating problems of mental distress and alcohol misuse may reduce the risk of male‐to‐female IPV. Providing couple‐based HIV psychosocial interventions could reduce men's exposure to IPV.
Material hardship is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among low‐income Black women
Authors: Holmes Samantha C. , Callinan Laura , Facemire Vanessa C. , Williams Monnica T. , Ciarleglio Maria M. , Smith Megan V.
Published: October 2021

The link between socioeconomic status and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is well established. Given that Black women are disproportionately burdened by both poverty and PTSD symptoms, research focusing on these constructs among this population is needed. The current study assessed the association between material hardship (i.e., difficulty meeting basic needs) and PTSD symptoms among 227 low‐income Black women in the United States. We explored several potential explanations for the association between poverty and PTSD symptoms (e.g., individuals living in poverty may experience higher levels of trauma exposure; individuals living in poverty may have less access to relevant protective resources, like social support; poverty itself may represent a traumatic stressor). Using robust negative binomial regression, a positive association between material hardship and PTSD symptoms emerged, B = 0.10, p = .009, SMD = 0.08. When trauma exposure was added to the model, it was positively associated with PTSD symptoms, B = 0.18, p < .001, SMD = 0.16, and material hardship remained positively associated with PTSD symptoms, B = 0.10, p =.019, SMD = 0.08. When social support indicators were added to the model, they were not associated with PTSD symptoms; however, material hardship remained significantly associated, B = 0.10, p = .021, SMD = 0.08. In the model with material hardship and trauma exposure, a significant interaction between material hardship and trauma exposure on PTSD symptoms emerged, B = −0.04, p = .027. These results demonstrate the importance of including material hardship in trauma research, assessment, and treatment.
The multifaceted nature of the response to adversity in an Italian sample of refugee community leaders
Authors: Perry James Michael , Modesti Camilla , Nicolais Caterina , Talamo Alessandra , Nicolais Giampaolo
Published: October 2021

The end of the last decade saw record numbers of refugee arrivals to Italy, straining the existing reception and integration systems. Although significant research attention has focused on the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation in refugee populations, there are increasing calls to study the interactions between distress, resilience, and positive outcomes of adversity. To fully understand the complexity of the refugee experience, these voices must be heard in dialogue. Studies must be framed within a more nuanced view of refugees, characterizing them not exclusively as victims but also as advocates for their own well‐being and the well‐being of their communities. This exploratory study performed a thematic analysis of 15 interviews conducted with refugee community leaders in Italy, each a founder or leader of a community association and actively engaged in civil society. In keeping with Papadopoulos’ (2007) construct of adversity‐activated development, an inductive analysis identified three distinct patterns of positive adversity response: meaning, motivation, and mobilization. A deductive analysis identified the most appropriate theories of resilience to describe the sample, which included resilience as a dynamic positive adaptation and resilience as resistance to change in moral codes and personal value systems. The resulting image of refugee community leaders in Italy is that of individuals who are exposed to adversity and experiences of suffering and distress but safeguard their core values while positively adapting to a new country.
Synthesis, evaluation, and kinetic assessment of Co‐based catalyst for enhanced methane decomposition reaction for hydrogen production
Authors: Al Mesfer Mohammed K. , Danish Mohd , Shah Mumtaj
Published: October 2021

In this work, the development of 10, 30, and 50 wt.% Co/TiO2–Al2O3 catalysts for catalytic methane decomposition reaction has been reported to produce pure hydrogen. The synthesis of Co particles on the surface of mesoporous mixed oxide catalyst support has been done by ultrasound‐assisted wet impregnation method with ethanol as impregnation cosolvent. The catalysts’ activity was evaluated for 10 h at 600°C and 1 bar of pressure. The kinetic experiments for 50 wt.% Co catalyst were carried out in the temperature range between 550 and 650°C by varying the methane partial pressure in a microreactor. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, N2‐physisorption, H2‐temperature programmed reduction, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, and Thermogravimetric analysis. A power‐law model was developed by assuming a nonlinear dependency of reactant partial pressure on the methane decomposition rates. The results showed that prepared catalysts possess good textural properties and exhibited high activity. The activity and stability were found to be a direct function of the Co metal loading. The power‐law model satisfactorily fits the experimental data with an R2 value above 0.95. The apparent reaction order and activation energy were 2.46 and 65.16 kJ mol−1, respectively. The improved wet impregnation method synthesized the Co nanoparticles under 25 nm at a metal loading of 50 wt.%.
Adaptive case management: An overview
Authors: Shahrah Abobakr Y. , Al‐Mashari Majed A.
Published: October 2021

Knowledge work is growing in today's marketplace, supported by “knowledge workers,” a valuable asset in organizations. Traditional software applications are too rigid to support knowledge work or empower knowledge workers to perform their nonroutine tasks. Therefore, most knowledge work today is managed manually or using ad‐hoc technologies such as e‐mail and social media. Adaptive case management (ACM) is a new promising approach for effectively supporting knowledge work, empowering knowledge workers, and overcoming the limitations of traditional software applications. Nevertheless, ACM is an emerging field accompanied by confusion and debate among researchers and practitioners. This study aims at providing an overview of the key concepts and principles of ACM. Furthermore, this study outlines the major differences between traditional business process management and ACM.