bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controversies and Challenges of Mass Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in Italy: Medico-Legal Perspectives and Considerations
Authors: Barranco Rosario , Rocca Gabriele , Molinelli Andrea , Ventura Francesco
Published: September 2021

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 and the pandemic has resulted in a serious global crisis in the health, social and economic spheres. After an initial period of enthusiasm related to the efficacy of vaccines, in many European countries, a growing distrust in the population has matured, due to the reporting of severe adverse effects. Throughout the world, some cases of adverse events after the administration of the vaccine have been reported. In this communication, we want to discuss all the medico-legal aspects related to the global vaccination companion in terms of medical professional responsibility, informed consent and vaccination obligation, with particular attention to the Italian situation. Health professionals are tasked with promoting confidence in vaccination for the general population. Complete and detailed information and reliance on scientific research is essential to understand the great importance of the vaccination campaign. From a criminal point of view, we must avoid blaming health professionals in the case of side effects. At the same time, we must protect the population, ensuring compliance with the indications, guidelines, and an adequate method of administration. On the other hand, from a civil law perspective, it is correct to ensure full protection of those rare cases in which the administration of the vaccine is related to adverse events. Without a broad and global vaccination campaign, it will be impossible to overcome COVID-19.
Novel Cold-Adapted Recombinant Laccase KbLcc1 from Kabatiella bupleuri G3 IBMiP as a Green Catalyst in Biotransformation
Authors: Wiśniewska Katarzyna M. , Twarda-Clapa Aleksandra , Białkowska Aneta M.
Published: September 2021

Cold-adapted enzymes are useful tools in the organic syntheses conducted in mixed aqueous-organic or non-aqueous solvents due to their molecular flexibility that stabilizes the proteins in low water activity environments. A novel psychrophilic laccase gene from Kabatiella bupleuri, G3 IBMiP, was spliced by Overlap-Extension PCR (OE-PCR) and expressed in Pichia pastoris. Purified recombinant KbLcc1 laccase has an optimal temperature of 30 °C and pH of 3.5, 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0 in the reaction with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol, sinapic acid, and syringaldazine, respectively. Moreover, laccase KbLcc1 is highly thermolabile, as it loses 40% of activity after 30 min at 40 °C and is inactivated at 50 °C after the same period of incubation. The new enzyme remained active with 1 mM of Ni2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ and with 2 mM of Co2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, but Fe2+ greatly inhibited the laccase activity. Moreover, 1% ethanol had no impact on KbLcc1, although acetone and ethyl acetate decreased the laccase activity. The presence of hexane (40%, v/v) caused a 58% increase in activity. Laccase KbLcc1 could be applied in the decolorization of synthetic dyes and in the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. After 5 days of reaction at 20 °C, pH 3.5, with 1 mM ABTS as a mediator, the vanillin concentration was 21.9 mg/L and the molar yield of transformation reached 14.39%.
Functional Polyglycidol-Based Block Copolymers for DNA Complexation
Authors: Kalinova Radostina , Valchanova Miroslava , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Turmanova Sevdalina , Ugrinova Iva , Petrova Maria , Vlahova Zlatina , Rangelov Stanislav
Published: September 2021

Gene therapy is an attractive therapeutic method for the treatment of genetic disorders for which the efficient delivery of nucleic acids into a target cell is critical. The present study is aimed at evaluating the potential of copolymers based on linear polyglycidol to act as carriers of nucleic acids. Functional copolymers with linear polyglycidol as a non-ionic hydrophilic block and a second block bearing amine hydrochloride pendant groups were prepared using previously synthesized poly(allyl glycidyl ether)-b-polyglycidol block copolymers as precursors. The amine functionalities were introduced via highly efficient radical addition of 2-aminoethanethiol hydrochloride to the alkene side groups. The modified copolymers formed loose aggregates with strongly positive surface charge in aqueous media, stabilized by the presence of dodecyl residues at the end of the copolymer structures and the hydrogen-bonding interactions in polyglycidol segments. The copolymer aggregates were able to condense DNA into stable and compact nanosized polyplex particles through electrostatic interactions. The copolymers and the corresponding polyplexes showed low to moderate cytotoxicity on a panel of human cancer cell lines. The cell internalization evaluation demonstrated the capability of the polyplexes to successfully deliver DNA into the cancer cells.
Deletion of the Bcnrps1 Gene Increases the Pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea and Reduces Its Tolerance to the Exogenous Toxic Substances Spermidine and Pyrimethanil
Authors: Fernández-Morales Ana , Carbú María , González-Rodríguez Victoria , Papaspyrou Sokratis , Garrido Carlos , Cantoral Jesús
Published: September 2021

During the infection of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) by the fungus Botrytis cinerea, the concentration of polyamines, which are toxic substances for the phytopathogen, increases in the grape. Nine NRPS genes have been identified in the genome of B. cinerea, yet the function of five of them remains unknown. For this reason, we have studied the expression of the 9 NRPS genes by RT-qPCR in a medium supplemented with sublethal concentrations of three polyamines (1,3-diaminopropane (1,3-DAP), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM)). Our results show that the presence of polyamines in the culture medium triggered the overexpression of the Bcnrps1 gene in the pathogen. Deleting Bcnrps1 did not affect mycelial growth or adaptation to osmotic stress, and we show that its expression is not essential for the cycle of infection of the B. cinerea. However, mutating the Bcnrps1 gene resulted in overexpression of the Bcnrps6 gene, which encodes for the excretion of siderophores of the coprogen family. Moreover, gene deletion has reduced the tolerance of B. cinerea B05.10 to toxic substances such as the polyamine SPD and the fungicide pyrimethanil, and its virulence has increased. Our findings provide new insights into the function of the Bcnrps1 gene and its involvement in the tolerance of B. cinerea against exogenous toxic compounds.
Immunopathogenesis of Emerging Candida auris and Candida haemulonii Strains
Authors: Pharkjaksu Sujiraphong , Boonmee Nawarat , Mitrpant Chalermchai , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai
Published: September 2021

The emergence of a multidrug-resistant Candida species, C. auris and C. haemulonii, has been reported worldwide. In Thailand, information on them is limited. We collected clinical isolates from Thai patients with invasive candidiasis. Both species were compared with a laboratory C. albicans strain. In vitro antifungal susceptibility and thermotolerance, and pathogenesis in the zebrafish model of infection were investigated. Both species demonstrated high minimal inhibitory concentrations to fluconazole and amphotericin B. Only C. auris tolerated high temperatures, like C. albicans. In a zebrafish swim-bladder-inoculation model, the C. auris-infected group had the highest mortality rate and infectivity, suggesting the highest virulence. The case fatality rates of C. auris, C. haemulonii, and C. albicans were 100%, 83.33%, and 51.52%, respectively. Further immunological studies revealed that both emerging Candida species stimulated genes involved in the proinflammatory cytokine group. Interestingly, the genes relating to leukocyte recruitment were downregulated only for C. auris infections. Almost all immune response genes to C. auris had a peak response at an early infection time, which contrasted with C. haemulonii. In conclusion, both emerging species were virulent in a zebrafish model of infection and could activate the inflammatory pathway. This study serves as a stepping stone for further pathogenesis studies of these important emerging species.
A Qualitative Study Exploring the Impact and Effects Following Hospital Discharge of COVID-19
Authors: Reay Abigail , Aujayeb Avinash , Dotchin Catherine , Tullo Ellen , Steer John , Swainston Katherine , Dismore Lorelle
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Research into the long-term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues at an unprecedented pace. Many physical long-term symptoms of COVID-19 have been reported and include headache, fatigue, muscle pain and breathlessness, etc. Psychological effects are not dissimilar to survivors of SARS. There is limited qualitative research exploring the mental health impacts and experiences of hospitalized COVID-19 inpatients. Methods: A prospective qualitative study is planned to explore patient experiences post hospital discharge following a diagnosis of COVID-19. The research aims to gain an understanding of how COVID-19 affects quality of life (QoL) and functional abilities. Patients discharged from the hospital will be invited to take part in semi-structured interviews discussing their experiences of hospitalization and the impact of COVID-19 on their QoL. Interviews will be conducted at three and six months following discharge from hospital. This study will provide important qualitative insight and may inform clinical interventions and commissioning decisions. Trial registration: The study has Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Research Authority (HRA) approvals obtained from Health and Care Research Wales (HCRW) [IRAS project ID 293196].
Impact of Grain Subsidy Reform on the Land Use of Smallholder Farms: Evidence from Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China
Authors: Han Xinru , Xue Ping , Zhang Ningning
Published: September 2021

Smallholder farms have played an essential role in agricultural production and food security. In order to increase farm size, the Chinese government announced a reform of the grain subsidy program in 2015. Under the reform, 20% of the aggregate input subsidy, as well as the pilot subsidy to large-scale farmers and the incremental part of the agricultural support and protection subsidy budget, were used to support increasing farm size. This study evaluated the impact of China’s grain subsidy reform on the land use of smallholder farms to investigate whether the reform achieved its goal. Based on 2063 samples obtained from the 2013–2015 Survey for Agriculture and Village Economy data in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, we conducted a difference-in-difference model to solve the problem of missing counterfactual states in policy evaluation. Farms from Henan and Shandong were assigned to the treatment group, and farms from Hebei were assigned to the control group. The results revealed that the average treatment effect on the treated of the impact of the grain subsidy reform on the wheat-sown area was −25% (0.10 ha). Furthermore, there was heterogeneity in regard to the subsidy reform effects in different sown-area groups. The reform had the most significant impact on the smallest farmers. We also found that China’s grain subsidy reform had a significant and positive effect on the amount of outflow land area, while the impact of subsidy reform on land tenure was insignificant. Our findings suggest that while encouraging large-scale farms, it is necessary to take into account farmers’ small-scale operations and gradually promote the transformation of small-scale operations to large-scale operations. The Chinese government should strengthen the supervision of land use to achieve the goal of ensuring food security.
Marketplace Trade in Large Cities in Poland
Authors: Bieszk-Stolorz Beata , Dmytrów Krzysztof
Published: September 2021

Traditional marketplace trade brings many socio-economic benefits: it affects the local labour market, entrepreneurship, and tourism. In many countries, activities are undertaken to support the operation of marketplaces. In recent years, new threats to the development of marketplaces have emerged, such as cheap discount shops, supermarkets, and online shops. The inhabitants of many cities still enjoy shopping at traditional marketplaces. The aim of the research is to assess the development of marketplace trade in large cities in Poland. Eurostat does not provide detailed data on marketplaces in Poland. We decided to fill this gap. Additionally, we assessed the attractiveness of large cities in Poland in terms of the development of marketplace trade in the years 2008–2019 by means of linear ordering of objects (Hellwig’s composite measure of development). In the years 1995–2019, the number of marketplaces in Poland remained at a constant level, but since 2003 their area has decreased. However, the total number of marketplaces has increased compared to 1995. In the whole research period, Kraków and Katowice were the most attractive cities with respect to the development of the marketplace trade, while Gdańsk and Sosnowiec were the least attractive. The high position of Kraków results from the nature of the city and its tourist attractions, while the low position of Sosnowiec is caused by the existence of a large bazaar in nearby city of Będzin.
A Novel MADM Framework under q-Rung Orthopair Fuzzy Bipolar Soft Sets
Authors: Ali Ghous , Alolaiyan Hanan , Pamučar Dragan , Asif Muhammad , Lateef Nimra
Published: September 2021

In many real-life problems, decision-making is reckoned as a powerful tool to manipulate the data involving imprecise and vague information. To fix the mathematical problems containing more generalized datasets, an emerging model called q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft sets offers a comprehensive framework for a number of multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) situations but this model is not capable to deal effectively with situations having bipolar soft data. In this research study, a novel hybrid model under the name of q-rung orthopair fuzzy bipolar soft set (q-ROFBSS, henceforth), an efficient bipolar soft generalization of q-rung orthopair fuzzy set model, is introduced and illustrated by an example. The proposed model is successfully tested for several significant operations like subset, complement, extended union and intersection, restricted union and intersection, the ‘AND’ operation and the ‘OR’ operation. The De Morgan’s laws are also verified for q-ROFBSSs regarding above-mentioned operations. Ultimately, two applications are investigated by using the proposed framework. In first real-life application, the selection of land for cropping the carrots and the lettuces is studied, while in second practical application, the selection of an eligible student for a scholarship is discussed. At last, a comparison of the initiated model with certain existing models, including Pythagorean and Fermatean fuzzy bipolar soft set models is provided.
Evaluation of the Work-Integrated Learning Methodology: Teaching Marketing through Practitioner Experience in the Classroom
Authors: Casado-Aranda Luis-Alberto , Sánchez-Fernández Juan , Montoro-Ríos Francisco Javier , Horcajadas María Isabel Arias
Published: September 2021

The teaching methodology in university marketing subjects has traditionally been based on “lecture classes”, which have proved to be insufficient for providing students with professional skills that can be directly applied in the workplace. This research aims to reduce this gap between the university and business by applying the active teaching methodology of work-integrated learning (WIL), which consists of providing students with knowledge and experiences directly from professionals that are invited to the classroom. We evaluated the effects of the WIL methodology on university students in a marketing degree course through self-administered questionnaires. During a semester, perceived personal, academic, and professional outcomes were assessed in two groups of students of the same module, one of which participated in the WIL program (i.e., they received lectures by professional marketing experts who were invited to the classroom and explained, through real examples, the content of the subject being taught), and the other served as a control (i.e., they learned the content only through traditional lectures from the college instructor). The results revealed that the students who took part in the WIL program experienced increased motivation, enjoyment, and interest in the subject. Furthermore, they had an increased understanding and acquisition of the concepts, as well as a greater perceived ability to manage companies and a comprehension of the economic environment. These findings constitute an advance because they identify the benefits of applying WIL in knowledge fields where the acquisition of professional skills is crucial for graduates’ entry into the labor market.
Thymoma-Related Paraneoplastic Syndrome Mimicking Reactive Arthritis
Authors: Liao Chang-Hung , Lyu Sin-Yi , Chen Hsiang-Cheng , Chang Deh-Ming , Lu Chun-Chi
Published: September 2021

Background and Objectives: Thymomas are associated with a high frequency of paraneoplastic manifestations. Paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) with thymoma presents a challenge to clinicians because of the need to decipher the association between the presenting symptoms and the underlying tumor. The condition most commonly noted in patients with PNS with thymoma is myasthenia gravis. Other common autoimmune diseases that may present as PNS include systemic lupus erythematosus, pure red cell aplasia, and Good syndrome. Seventy-six percent of patients with PNS-associated thymoma experience resolution of PNS after curing thymoma. Materials and Methods: A 37-year-old man with a two-month fever accompanied by polyarthritis accidently found thymoma after contrast computed tomography scans of his chest. He accepted Video assisted thoracoscopic surgery with resection of thymoma. Results: Fever and polyarthritis resolved after operation but recurred in five days due to cytomegalovirus viremia, which might be predisposed by previous antibiotics treatment before the diagnosis of thymoma. Conclusion: Patients with a thymoma also have a high frequency of PNS, and the most frequent condition found in patients with PNS-associated thymoma is myasthenia gravis. Fever with polyarthritis has been rarely reported as a symptom of PNS-associated thymoma. Here we reported an unusual case of PNS mimicking reactive arthritis with thymoma, as diagnosed based on the patient’s clinical progression, imaging examination, and laboratory tests. The patient died of his comorbidities, and his death may have been related to long-term antibiotic use and consequent intestinal dysbiosis. This challenging case may help to inform clinicians of the need for detailed work-up of fever with unknown origin in the presence of chronic polyarthritis to prevent the overdiagnosis of inflammatory arthritis or rheumatic disease and avoid further comorbidities. Detailed work-up should include the patient’s history of infections, inflammation, and malignant or nonmalignant tumors.
In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of the Potential of Escherichia coli Phages to Treat Infections and Survive Gastric Conditions
Authors: Kaczorowska Joanna , Casey Eoghan , Lugli Gabriele A. , Ventura Marco , Clarke David J. , van Sinderen Douwe , Mahony Jennifer
Published: September 2021

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shigella ssp. infections are associated with high rates of mortality, especially in infants in developing countries. Due to increasing levels of global antibiotic resistance exhibited by many pathogenic organisms, alternative strategies to combat such infections are urgently required. In this study, we evaluated the stability of five coliphages (four Myoviridae and one Siphoviridae phage) over a range of pH conditions and in simulated gastric conditions. The Myoviridae phages were stable across the range of pH 2 to 7, while the Siphoviridae phage, JK16, exhibited higher sensitivity to low pH. A composite mixture of these five phages was tested in vivo in a Galleria mellonella model. The obtained data clearly shows potential in treating E. coli infections prophylactically.
Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characterization of a Listeria monocytogenes Strain from an Aborted Water Buffalo in Southern Italy
Authors: Paradiso Rubina , Riccardi Marita Georgia , Cecere Bianca , Riccone Nunzia , Scialla Roberto , Anzalone Antonietta , Cerrone Anna , De Carlo Esterina , Borriello Giorgia , Fusco Giovanna
Published: September 2021

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen causing life-threatening infections both in humans and animals. In livestock farms, it can persist for a long time and primarily causes uterine infections and encephalitis in farmed animals. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) is currently becoming the best method for molecular typing of this pathogen due to its high discriminatory power and efficiency of characterization. This study describes the WGS-based characterization of an L. monocytogenes strain from an aborted water buffalo fetus in southern Italy. The strain under study was classified as molecular serogroup IVb, phylogenetic lineage I, MLST sequence type 6, Clonal Complex 6, and cgMLST type CT3331, sublineage 6. Molecular analysis indicated the presence of 61 virulence genes and 4 antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis, including all the publicly available European L. monocytogenes serogroup IVb isolates, indicated that our strain clusterized with all the other CC6 strains and that different CCs were variably distributed within countries and isolation sources. This study contributes to the current understanding of the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes from animal sources and highlights how the WGS strategy can provide insights into the pathogenic potential of this microorganism, acting as an important tool for epidemiological studies.
Pochonia chlamydosporia Isolate PC-170-Induced Expression of Marker Genes for Defense Pathways in Tomatoes Challenged by Different Pathogens
Authors: Zhuang Xia , Zhao Jian-Long , Bai Miao , Ping Xing-Xing , Li Yan-Lin , Yang Yu-Hong , Mao Zhen-Chuan , Yang Guo-Shun , Xie Bing-Yan
Published: September 2021

Pochonia chlamydosporia is a fungal parasite of nematode eggs. Studies have shown that some strains of Pochonia chlamydosporia can promote plant growth and induce plants’ systemic resistance to root-knot nematodes by colonizing in their roots. This study aimed to verify the effect of the PC-170 strain on tomato growth and systemic resistance. Split-root experiments were conducted to observe the systemic resistance induced by PC-170. To explore the defense pathway that was excited due to the colonization by PC-170, we tested the expression of marker genes for defense pathways, and used mutant lines to verify the role of plant defense pathways. Our results showed that PC-170 can colonize roots, and promotes growth. We found a role for jasmonic acid (JA) in modulating tomato colonization by PC-170. PC-170 can activate tomato defense responses to reduce susceptibility to infection by the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and induced resistance to some pathogens in tomatoes. The marker genes of the defense pathway were significantly induced after PC-170 colonization. However, salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses in roots were variable with the invasion of different pathogens. Defense pathways play different roles at different points in time. SA- and JA-dependent defense pathways were shown to cross-communicate. Different phytohormones have been involved in tomato plants’ responses against different pathogens. Our study confirmed that adaptive JA signaling is necessary to regulate PC-170 colonization and induce systemic resistance in tomatoes.
Titan Cells and Yeast Forms of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Are Recognized by GXMR-CAR
Authors: dos Santos Matheus Henrique , Machado Michele Procópio , Kumaresan Pappanaicken R. , da Silva Thiago Aparecido
Published: September 2021

Cryptococcosis, a systemic mycosis that affects both the immunocompromised and immunocompetent, is caused by the inhalation of dehydrated yeasts or fungal spores of Cryptococcus gattii or Cryptococcus neoformans. The Cryptococcus spp. polysaccharide capsule is composed mainly of glucuronoxylomannan—GXM, its major virulence factor. The capsule thickness increases to more than 15 μm during titanization, favoring the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. Previous studies demonstrated that cytotoxic T cells that had been bioengineered with GXM-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (GXMR-CAR) were able to recognize C. neoformans by promoting the control of titanization. GXMR-CAR, a second-generation CAR, contains a single-chain variable fragment that originates from a 18B7 clone: a human IgG4 hinge, followed by a human CD28 (transmembrane/cytoplasmic domains) and a CD3ς chain. In the current study, we redirected T cells to target distinct C. neoformans and C. gattii cell types by GXMR-CAR. Lentiviral particles carrying the GXMR-CAR sequence were used to transduce Jurkat cells, and these modified cells interacted with the GXM of the C. gattii R265 strain. Moreover, GXMR-CAR mediated the recognition of C. gattii and C. neoformans yeasts with both thin and thick polysaccharide capsules, and GXMR-CAR Jurkat cells interacted with titan cells sourced from both Cryptococcus spp. Thus, bioengineered cells using CAR can improve the treatment of cryptococcosis.
Early Life Nutrition and Mental Health: The Role of DNA Methylation
Authors: Bekdash Rola A
Published: September 2021

Does the quality of our diet during early life impact our long-term mental health? Accumulating evidence suggests that nutrition interacts with our genes and that there is a strong association between the quality of diet and mental health throughout life. Environmental influences such as maternal diet during pregnancy or offspring diet have been shown to cause epigenetic changes during critical periods of development, such as chemical modifications of DNA or histones by methylation for the regulation of gene expression. One-carbon metabolism, which consists of the folate and methionine cycles, is influenced by the diet and generates S-Adenosylmethinoine (SAM), the main methyl donor for methylation reactions such as DNA and histone methylation. This review provides current knowledge on how the levels of one-carbon metabolism associated micronutrients such as choline, betaine, folate, methionine and B vitamins that play a role in brain function can impact our well-being and mental health across the lifespan. Micronutrients that act as methyl donors for SAM formation could affect global or gene methylation, altering gene expression and phenotype. Strategies should then be adopted to better understand how these nutrients work and their impact at different stages of development to provide individualized dietary recommendations for better mental health outcomes.
Hypericin and Pheophorbide a Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Fighting MRSA Wound Infections: A Translational Study from In Vitro to In Vivo
Authors: Chan Ben Chung Lap , Dharmaratne Priyanga , Wang Baiyan , Lau Kit Man , Lee Ching Ching , Cheung David Wing Shing , Chan Judy Yuet Wa , Yue Grace Gar Lee , Lau Clara Bik San , Wong Chun Kwok , Fung Kwok Pui , Ip Margaret
Published: September 2021

High prevalence rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and lack of effective antibacterial treatments urge discovery of alternative therapeutic modalities. The advent of antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising alternative, composing rapid, nonselective cell destruction without generating resistance. We used a panel of clinically relevant MRSA to evaluate hypericin (Hy) and pheophobide a (Pa)-mediated PDT with clinically approved methylene blue (MB). We translated the promising in vitro anti-MRSA activity of selected compounds to a full-thick MRSA wound infection model in mice (in vivo) and the interaction of aPDT innate immune system (cytotoxicity towards neutrophils). Hy-PDT consistently displayed lower minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values (0.625–10 µM) against ATCC RN4220/pUL5054 and a whole panel of community-associated (CA)-MRSA compared to Pa or MB. Interestingly, Pa-PDT and Hy-PDT topical application demonstrated encouraging in vivo anti-MRSA activity (>1 log10 CFU reduction). Furthermore, histological analysis showed wound healing via re-epithelization was best in the Hy-PDT group. Importantly, the dark toxicity of Hy was significantly lower (p < 0.05) on neutrophils compared to Pa or MB. Overall, Hy-mediated PDT is a promising alternative to treat MRSA wound infections, and further rigorous mechanistic studies are warranted.
Effect of Modified Silica Fume Using MPTMS for the Enhanced EPDM Foam Insulation
Authors: Suntako Rudeerat
Published: September 2021

Silica fume (SF) is a by-product from the production of silicon metal, which has a relatively high silica concentration. The surface modified silica fume (mSF) is treated with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as filler in ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) foam. The FTIR spectra of mSF clearly indicated that MPTMS can be successfully bonded to the SF surface. The reinforcing efficiency of mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation indicated that the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, modulus, and compression set enhanced higher than in case of SF and calcium carbonate. While the cure characteristics such as the maximum torque (MH), the minimum torque (ML) and the differential torque (MH-ML) are increasing in proportion to increasing filler contents, mainly with mSF. For the cure behavior, the mSF-filled EPDM foam insulation showed the fastest cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2) due to reduced accelerator adsorption. Whereas, the calcium carbonate-filled EPDM foam insulation increased the cure time (tc90) and scorch time (ts2), therefore, it also prevents compound scorching. The results indicated that the mSF with MPTMS can be used as an alternative filler for EPDM foam insulation.
Biorefinery Gets Hot: Thermophilic Enzymes and Microorganisms for Second-Generation Bioethanol Production
Authors: Zuliani Luca , Serpico Annabel , De Simone Mario , Frison Nicola , Fusco Salvatore
Published: September 2021

To mitigate the current global energy and the environmental crisis, biofuels such as bioethanol have progressively gained attention from both scientific and industrial perspectives. However, at present, commercialized bioethanol is mainly derived from edible crops, thus raising serious concerns given its competition with feed production. For this reason, lignocellulosic biomasses (LCBs) have been recognized as important alternatives for bioethanol production. Because LCBs supply is sustainable, abundant, widespread, and cheap, LCBs-derived bioethanol currently represents one of the most viable solutions to meet the global demand for liquid fuel. However, the cost-effective conversion of LCBs into ethanol remains a challenge and its implementation has been hampered by several bottlenecks that must still be tackled. Among other factors related to the challenging and variable nature of LCBs, we highlight: (i) energy-demanding pretreatments, (ii) expensive hydrolytic enzyme blends, and (iii) the need for microorganisms that can ferment mixed sugars. In this regard, thermophiles represent valuable tools to overcome some of these limitations. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art technologies involved, such as the use of thermophilic enzymes and microorganisms in industrial-relevant conditions, and to propose possible means to implement thermophiles into second-generation ethanol biorefineries that are already in operation.
Simulation of Water Vapor and Near Infrared Radiation to Predict Vapor Pressure Deficit in a Greenhouse Using CFD
Authors: Aguilar-Rodríguez Cruz Ernesto , Flores-Velázquez Jorge , Rojano Fernando , Flores-Magdaleno Hector , Panta Enrique Rubiños
Published: September 2021

Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) can be used as an indicator to schedule greenhouse irrigation. VPD can be estimated as a function of relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T). The objective of this work was to analyze spatial variation in VPD as an indicator of water stress influenced by concentration of water vapor and intensity of near infrared (NIR). The study was carried out in an empty three-span sawtooth greenhouse with natural ventilation under the local climate in Montecillo, Mexico; these findings established a base value to analyze greenhouse field conditions prior to the influence from a crop. The experimental phase consisted of recording data (3 February 2019–24 February 2019) on temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed, which were used for developing a model in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Then, this model was used to estimate VPD, considering changes in mass fraction of water vapor and the intensity of NIR. Scenarios with 50, 70, and 90% external RH were evaluated. It was found that without a crop, temperature was not affected by the variation in the mass fraction of water vapor and the intensity of NIR in the simulated scenarios, each of which generated a thermal gradient within the range of 4 °C. When considering the scenario of 90% external RH, we found the best VPD range along the greenhouse (2–3 kPa) that would be a favorable field condition for crops. Differences between VPD with and without a crop can be used to estimate the water quantity needs for crop growth based on the climate variables examined in this study, where higher VPD values require more water for irrigation.
Comparison of Two Extraction Procedures, SPE and DLLME, for Determining Plasticizer Residues in Hot Drinks at Vending Machines
Authors: Notardonato Ivan , Passarella Sergio , Iannone Alessia , Fiore Cristina Di , Russo Mario Vincenzo , Protano Carmela , Vitali Matteo , Avino Pasquale
Published: September 2021

This paper would like to compare two extraction procedures for analyzing phthalates (PAEs) in hot drinks collected at vending machines, usually coffee and tea. The two analytical procedures are based on Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) using C18 cartridge and on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) assisted by ultrasound and vortex for improving the dispersion mechanically, with each followed by a routinary analytical method such as GC-FID. Seven phthalates (DMP, DEP, DiBP, DBP, DEHP, DOP, DDP) have been analyzed and determined. All the analytical parameters (i.e., recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, enrichment factors, repeatability, reproducibility) have been investigated and discussed, as has the matrix effect. The entire procedure has been applied to hot drink matrices, e.g., coffee, decaffeinated coffee, barley coffee, ginseng coffee and tea.
THE COLLEGE SELECTION BASED ON THE EDUCATION COST, UNIVERSITY IMAGE AND LECTURER QUALITY
Authors: Harahap Dedy Ansari , Lasmanah L , Nurhayati Nunung , Suwarsi Sri , Purnamasari Pupung , Amanah Dita
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose a college. To achieve the proposed goals, a model is applied that reflects the effect of education costs, university image and quality of lecturers on student decisions to choose universities. This model was tested through the use of multiple linear regression equations and the sample was 388 student candidates. The conceptual model shows that the image of a university is the most influential construct on student decisions to choose a campus, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. In this paper, the cost of education variable produces a reliability of 0.861, a college image of 0.918 and a lecturer quality of 0.937. Further research is needed in order to find more reliable measurements of indicators of education cost, university image and quality of lecturers. The image of a university is the highest impression that is in the minds of students in choosing a university, followed by the quality of lecturers and the cost of education. Proven. The results show that the image of the university, the quality of the lecturers and the cost of education have an influence on student decisions to choose a campus.
GASOTRANSMITTERS IN THE REGULATION OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INTRAORGANIC BLOOD VESSELS OF THE UTERUS
Authors: Черток В. М. , Храмова И. А. , Коцюба А. Е.
Published: September 2021

Несмотря на то, что внутриорганное кровеносное русло является основным звеном для адекватного кровоснабжения органных структур, в матке ее строение, функции и механизмы регуляции во многом не изучены. В обзоре представлены данные литературы и собственные материалы по локализации и распределению газотрансмиттеров во внутриорганных сосудах матки. Рассматриваются клеточные и молекулярные механизмы участия NO, СО и HS в регуляции функций этих сосудов. Приведенные материалы, с одной стороны, подчеркивают значимость данных сигнальных молекул в регуляции сократимости гладких мышц сосудов, проницаемости капилляров, с другой - указывают на необходимость дальнейших исследований роли газотрансмиттеров в общей системе регуляции гемодинамики матки.

Despite the fact that the intraorganic circulatory bed is the main element providing adequate blood supply to organ structures, its structure, functions and regulatory mechanisms in the uterus are largely unknown. The review presents the literature data and own materials on the localization and distribution of gasotransmitters in the intraorganic vessels of the uterus. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of the participation of NO, CO and H2S in the regulation of the function of these vessels are rewieved. On the one hand, these materials emphasize the importance of these signaling molecules in the regulation of contractility of the smooth muscles of the blood vessels and capillary permeability, on the other hand, point out the need for further studies of the role of gasotransmitters in the general system of uterine hemodynamic regulation.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES OF ENDOTHELIUM OF HEART’S VESSELS OF OLD RATS ACCORDING TO IMMUNISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES
Authors: Чумасов Е. И. , Петрова Е. С.
Published: September 2021

Цель работы - исследование морфофункциональных изменений эндотелия сосудов в различных отделах сердца стареющих крыс с помощью иммуногистохимического выявления фактора Виллебранда (фВ). Впервые выявлены признаки реактивных, дистрофических и патологических изменений эндотелиальных клеток (ЭК) в различных отделах сердца у старых (18-23 мес) крыс с помощью иммуногистохимического маркера. Наиболее выражены они в эндотелии артериальных сосудов (корня аорты, коронарных артериях эпикарда), а также синусоидных и обменных капилляров миокарда предсердий и желудочков. Обнаружены признаки десквамации ЭК в кровь, гибель капилляров в миокарде, увеличение числа синусоидных сосудов, их мумификация, образование лакун или цистерн, переполненных кровью. Выявлено, что, наряду с морфологическими изменениями, резко повышается секреторная активность ЭК и выброс белка фВ в плазму крови. Установлено, что в полости подаортального конуса сердца у животных в процессе старения накапливается масса продуктов метаболизма белка фВ, пигментированной зернистости, палочковидных телец Вейбеля-Паладе и различных размеров тромбов. Отмечено наличие пигментных структур не только в плазме крови артериального конуса, но и в створках клапанного аппарата и хордофиброзного кольца. Полученные данные имеют важное диагностическое значение и свидетельствуют о высокой вероятности факторов риска и возможности преждевременного летального исхода.

The aim of the work is to investigate the morphofunctional changes of the vascular endothelium in different parts of the heart of aging rats using immunohistochemical detection of Willebrand factor. Reactive, dystrophic and pathological changes of endotheliocytes in different parts of the heart of old (18-23 months) rats were ﬁ rst identiﬁed using an immunohistochemical marker vWF. They are most expressed in the endothelium of the arterial vessels of the aortic root, coronary arteries of the epicardium, and myocardial capillaries. In this work, desquamation of endothelial cells into the blood, death of capillaries in the myocardium, an increase in the number of sinusoidal vessels, their mummiﬁcation, the formation of lacunae or cisterns ﬁlled with blood were found. It has been established that the secretory activity of endotheliocytes increases with aging. It is established that the products of protein metabolism, pigment, Weibel-Palade body and various sizes of blood clots accumulate in the cavity subaortal cone of heart in old rats. Pigment structures were also found in the valves and the ﬁbrous ring. The data obtained are of great diagnostic value.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE INVASIVE STRATEGY FOR ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME IN PATIENTS OF THE OLDER AGE GROUP
Authors: Петров А. С. , Яковлев В. В. , Козлов К. Л. , Яковлев В. А. , Барсуков А. В. , Павлович И. М. , Тучков Д. Ю.
Published: September 2021

Представлено исследование по изучению эффективности и безопасности различных антикоагулянтов, используемых у больных старшей возрастной группы с острым коронарным синдром при чрескожных коронарных вмешательствах. Показана высокая эффективность бивалирудина по сравнению с нефракционированным гепарином и Монафрамом в отношении числа кровотечений, возникающих в послеоперационном периоде, и неблагоприятных сердечно-сосудистых осложнений .

A study is presented on the effectiveness and safety of various anticoagulants used in patients of an older age group with acute coronary syndrome during percutaneous coronary interventions. Bivalirudin was shown to be highly effective in comparison with unfractionated heparin and monafram in relation to the amount of bleeding that occurs in the postoperative period and adverse cardiovascular complications.
THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPEPTIDE LIVER COMPLEX AND TETRAPEPTIDE ON ORGANISM PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN NORM AND AGE-RELATED PATHOLOGY
Authors: Кузник Б. И. , Хасанова Н. В. , Рыжак Г. А. , Мещерякова И. Е. , Хавинсон В. Х.
Published: September 2021

Применение большого числа лекарственных средств у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста часто приводит к нарушению функции печени. При этом с возрастом повышается риск развития цирроза печени, острого и хронического гепатита, что обусловливает необходимость поиска эффективных и безопасных гепатопротекторов. В обзоре приведены данные исследования гепатопротекторных, иммуномодулирующих и геропротекторных свойств полипептидного комплекса, экстрагированного из печени телят (Вентвил) и тетрапептида KEDA ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Ливаген). В моделях экспериментальной патологии печени у животных (острый и хронический гепатит, цирроз) и исследованиях in vitro показана высокая эффективность Вентвила и пептида KEDA . Вентвил и пептид KEDA обладают сходными свойствами - приводят к норме иммунный и антиоксидантный статус, восстанавливают функции печени при гепатите. Показано, что наибольшее гепато-и иммунопротекторное действие пептидов проявляется при старении.

The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to ﬁnd new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors. In the review is shown the data of hepatoprotective, immunoprotective and antiageing properties of liver polypeptide complex (Ventvil) and KEDA tetrapeptide ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Livagen). In liver pathology experimental models (liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis) in amimals and in vitro was shown high efﬁciency of Ventvil and KEDA peptide. Ventvil and KEDA peptide had concordant effects - normalized immune and antioxidant status, restored liver function during hepatitis. It was demonstrated, that maximal hepato- and immunoprotective effect of peptides veriﬁed in aging.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MEASURES FOR SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL REHABILITATION OF ELDERLY PERSONS IN THE HOSPITAL
Authors: Гордиевская Е. О. , Костерина З. В. , Гордиевская О. В. , Старобина Е. М. , Климашева С. Б.
Published: September 2021

Изучена эффективность социально-психологической реабилитации лиц пожилого возраста на отделении социально-психологической реабилитации клиники Федерального научного центра реабилитации инвалидов им. Г. А. Альбрехта как обязательной составляющей восстановительного процесса. Представлены результаты оценки влияния реабилитационных мер на активность и устойчивость жизнедеятельности реабилитируемых на основе выявления статистически значимых сдвигов составляющих психологического статуса с применением опросника САН.

The aim is to study the effectiveness of social and psychological rehabilitation of elderly people at the clinic of G. A. Albrecht Federal Scientiﬁc Centre of Rehabilitation of the Disabled - the impact of rehabilitation measures on the mental sphere of rehabilitated based on the identiﬁcation of statistically signiﬁcant changes in the components of psychological status using the questionnaire SAN.
WORKING ABILITY OF ELDERLY UNIVERSITY TEACHERS UNDER THE COMBINED INFLUENCE OF BREATHING EXERCISES AND PEPTIDE BIOREGULATOR «CORTEXIN»
Authors: Лысенко А. В. , Лысенко Д. С. , Буйнов Л. Г. , Сорокина Л. А.
Published: September 2021

Двухнедельное применение специальных дыхательных упражнений (СДУ) в сочетании с пептидным биорегулятором «Кортексин» оптимизирует функциональное состояние организма и повышает профессиональную работоспособность преподавателей пожилого возраста более эффективно по сравнению с монотерапией фармакологическими препаратами. Максимальный эффект был отмечен сразу после окончания курсового использования СДУ и пептидного биорегулятора и сохранялся на протяжении 2 мес. Полученные результаты позволяют обосновать перспективность использования дыхательной гимнастики для усиления и пролонгирования антистрессорных и геропротекторных эффектов ноотропных препаратов и антигипоксантов.

The two-week use of special breathing exercises in combination with the Cortexin peptide bioregulator optimizes the functional state and increases the professional performance of older teachers more effectively compared to the single use of a pharmacological preparation. The maximum effect is noted immediately after the end of the course use of special breathing exercises and the peptide bioregulator and lasts for two months. The results obtained open up prospects for the use of breathing exercises to enhance and prolong the nootropic drugs and antihypoxants antistress and geroprotective effects.