bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scan‐stratified case‐control sampling for modeling blood–brain barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pomann Gina‐Maria , Sweeney Elizabeth M. , Reich Daniel S. , Staicu Ana‐Maria , Shinohara Russell T.
Published: May 2015

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune‐mediated neurological disease that causes morbidity and disability. In patients with MS, the accumulation of lesions in the white matter of the brain is associated with disease progression and worse clinical outcomes. Breakdown of the blood–brain barrier in newer lesions is indicative of more active disease‐related processes and is a primary outcome considered in clinical trials of treatments for MS. Such abnormalities in active MS lesions are evaluated in vivo using contrast‐enhanced structural MRI, during which patients receive an intravenous infusion of a costly magnetic contrast agent. In some instances, the contrast agents can have toxic effects. Recently, local image regression techniques have been shown to have modest performance for assessing the integrity of the blood–brain barrier based on imaging without contrast agents. These models have centered on the problem of cross‐sectional classification in which patients are imaged at a single study visit and pre‐contrast images are used to predict post‐contrast imaging. In this paper, we extend these methods to incorporate historical imaging information, and we find the proposed model to exhibit improved performance. We further develop scan‐stratified case‐control sampling techniques that reduce the computational burden of local image regression models, while respecting the low proportion of the brain that exhibits abnormal vascular permeability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid Low‐Temperature 3D Integration of Silicon Nanowires on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Kim Yoonkap , Kim Han‐Jung , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Choi Dae‐Geun , Choi Jun‐Hyuk , Jung Joo‐Yun , Jeon Sohee , Lee Eung‐Sug , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Lee Jihye
Published: May 2015

The vertical integration of 1D nanostructures onto the 2D substrates has the potential to offer significant performance gains to flexible electronic devices due to high integration density, large surface area, and improved light absorption and trapping. A simple, rapid, and low temperature transfer bonding method has been developed for this purpose. Ultrasonic vibration is used to achieve a low temperature bonding within a few seconds, resulting in a polymer‐matrix‐free, electrically conducting vertical assembly of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) with a graphene/PET substrate. The microscopic structure, and mechanical and electrical characteristics of the interface between the transferred SiNW array and graphene layer are subsequently investigated, revealing that this creates a mechanically robust and electrically Ohmic contact. This newly developed ultrasonic transfer bonding technique is also found to be readily adaptable for diverse substrates of both metal and polymer. It is therefore considered as a valuable technique for integrating 1D vertical nanostructures onto the 2D flexible substrates for flexible photovoltaics, energy storage, and water splitting systems.
Occurrences of the cool‐water dalmanelloid brachiopod Heterorthina in the Upper Ordovician of North America
Authors: Jin Jisuo , Harper David A. T.
Published: May 2015

Through a comparative study with the British type material, several dalmanelloid brachiopod species from the Upper Ordovician of the Cincinnati Arch area of North America (Laurentia) are now confirmed to belong to Heterorthina Bancroft. These include several species previously treated variously as Dalmanella or Onniella, including such classic and widely cited species as ‘Dalmanella’ emacerata (Hall) and Dalmanella fairmountensis Foerste. These North American forms of Heterorthina belong to the dalmanelloid clade that is characterized by a dorsal medial interspace, and of cool to cold‐water origin. Outside of Laurentia, Heterorthina occurs predominantly in Avalonia and peri‐Gondwanan terranes, such as Iberia (Spain), Armorica (France) and Bohemia, palaeogeographically located between 40° and 60° south. The episodic occurrences of several Heterorthina species in the lower to middle Katian of the Cincinnati Arch area, located around 20°S in the Late Ordovician, are interpreted as opportunistic invasions of a cool‐water brachiopod fauna from higher palaeolatitudes, associated either with oceanic cooling events or with relatively cool deep‐water mass incursions during marine transgressions.
Asian Entrepreneurship in the International Business World
Authors: Ratten Vanessa
Published: May 2015

This review will focus on the role of Asian entrepreneurship in the international business world. As we are now considered to be in the Asian century, it is important to see how business grows, develops, and changes based on entrepreneurship. Asian entrepreneurship is unique to the geographic area but also encompasses people, business, and government that has a focus on Asia and is part of the global community. The continuing rapid evolution of Asian economies over the next decade will require a focus on entrepreneurship as it incorporates technology and innovation change. More countries in Asia need to focus on entrepreneurship as a way to achieve global best practice and to make breakthroughs in science and technology. A focus on the role of entrepreneurship in Asia in order to meet social and sustainable needs is a particular key concern of many governments and trade organizations around the world. This article will focus on the book Asian Entrepreneurship as a key reference for understanding and improving the social, environmental, and economic conditions for international business. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical Investigations on 4, 10‐Dinitro‐2, 6,8, 12‐tetraoxa‐4, 10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05, 903, 11]dodecane
Authors: Xiao‐Hong Li , Hui‐Xian Wang , Rui‐Zhou Zhang , Xian‐Zhou Zhang
Published: May 2015

Based on the full optimized molecular geometric structure at B3LYP/cc‐pvtz method, the newly designed compound 4, 10‐dinitro‐2, 6,8, 12‐tetraoxa‐4, 10‐diazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05, 903, 11]dodecane (TEX) was investigated. Additionally, the IR spectrum, the thermal stability, and the detonation performance were predicted. The obtained crystal structure of TEX belongs to Pbca space group and lattice parameters are Z = 8, a = 8.614 Å, b = 12.877 Å, c = 26.065 Å, ρ = 2.015 g·cm–3. Calculation results show that TEX has better detonation properties than HMX and is a high energy density compound with better stability.
Synthesis, Aggregation Behavior, and Electronic Properties of some Metallophthalocyanines with 2‐Isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy Substituents
Authors: Ağırtaş M. Salih , Karataş Ceyhun , Gümüş Selçuk
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to perform facile synthesis of novel phthalocyanines with high solubility. The synthesis and characterization of 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy substituted copper, zinc, nickel, and cobalt phthalocyanines are reported. The compounds were characterized by using electronic absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared and elemental analysis. The aggregation investigations carried out in different concentrations indicate that 2‐isopropyl‐5‐methylphenoxy substituted phthalocyanine complexes do not have any aggregation behavior for the concentration range of 1 × 10–5 to 1 × 10–6 M in THF. Additionally, the ground‐state geometries of the complexes were optimized using density functional theory methods at B3LYP/6‐31G (d, p) level in order to obtain information about the 3D geometries and electronic structure.
Hip reconstruction is more painful than spine fusion in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Shrader M. Wade , Jones John , Falk Mandy N. , White Greg R. , Burk David R. , Segal Lee S.
Published: May 2015

Purpose

Concerns about pain control in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) are especially anxiety provoking for parents, given the fact that spasticity, communication issues, and postoperative muscle spasms are significant problems that make pain control difficult in these patients. A better understanding of the magnitude and quality of the pain these patients experience after our surgical procedures would better prepare the patients and their families. The purpose of this study is to quantify the amount of postoperative pain in children with CP undergoing hip reconstruction and spinal fusion. Specifically, the study will compare pain scores and the amount of narcotics used between the two groups.

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective chart review of a consecutive series of children with CP (GMFCS levels IV and V) over a 5-year period undergoing hip reconstruction (femoral osteotomy, pelvic osteotomy, or both) and posterior spinal fusion (PSF) at a tertiary-care pediatric hospital. The primary end point was the total opioid used by the patient during the hospitalization, by converting all forms of narcotics to morphine equivalents. The secondary end point was the documentation of pain with standard pain scores at standard time points postoperatively. Adverse effects related to pain management were documented for both groups. Student's t-tests were utilized to statistically compare differences between the groups, with significance determined at p < 0.05.

Results

Forty-two patients with CP who underwent hip reconstruction (mean age 8.8 years) were compared to 26 patients who underwent PSF (mean age 15.4 years). The total opioid used, normalized by body weight and by days length of stay (DLOS), in the hip group was 0.49 mg morphine/kg/DLOS, compared to 0.24 for the spine group ( p = 0.014). The mean pain score for the hip group was 1.52, compared to 0.72 for the spine group ( p = 0.013). There were no significant differences in the occurrence of adverse effects related to pain management between the two groups.

Conclusion

Patients with CP undergoing hip reconstruction surgery had significantly more pain, as exhibited by requiring more narcotics and having higher pain scores, than those patients undergoing PSF. The knowledge that hip reconstruction is more painful than PSF for patients with CP will better prepare families about what to expect in the postoperative period and will alert providers to supply better postoperative pain control in these patients.

Level of evidence

III (case control series).
Spinoza and the Stoics
Authors: Miller Jon
Published: May 2015

For many years, philosophers and other scholars have commented on the remarkable similarity between Spinoza and the Stoics, with some even going so far as to speak of 'Spinoza the Stoic'. Until now, however, no one has systematically examined the relationship between the two systems. In Spinoza and the Stoics Jon Miller takes on this task, showing how key elements of Spinoza's metaphysics, epistemology, philosophical psychology, and ethics relate to their Stoic counterparts. Drawing on a wide-range of secondary literature including the most up-to-date scholarship and a close examination of the textual evidence, Jon Miller not only reveals the sense in which Spinoza was, and was not, a Stoic, but also offers new insights into how each system should be understood in itself. His book will be of great interest to scholars and students of ancient philosophy, early modern philosophy, Spinoza, and the philosophy of the Stoics.
Music and the Exotic from the Renaissance to Mozart
Authors: Locke Ralph P.
Published: May 2015

During the years 1500–1800, European performing arts reveled in a kaleidoscope of Otherness: Middle-Eastern harem women, fortune-telling Spanish 'Gypsies', Incan priests, Barbary pirates, moresca dancers, and more. In this prequel to his 2009 book Musical Exoticism, Ralph P. Locke explores how exotic locales and their inhabitants were characterized in musical genres ranging from instrumental pieces and popular songs to oratorios, ballets, and operas. Locke's study offers new insights into much-loved masterworks by composers such as Cavalli, Lully, Purcell, Rameau, Handel, Vivaldi, Gluck, and Mozart. In these works, evocations of ethnic and cultural Otherness often mingle attraction with envy or fear, and some pieces were understood at the time as commenting on conditions in Europe itself. Locke's accessible study, which includes numerous musical examples and rare illustrations, will be of interest to anyone who is intrigued by the relationship between music and cultural history and by the challenges of cross-cultural (mis)understanding.
The Implementation of the Findings of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
Authors: Murray Rachel , Long Debra
Published: May 2015

An 'implementation crisis' has been identified in the enforcement of rulings of UN and regional human rights bodies and fundamental but crucial questions remain unanswered: what exactly does it mean to implement and comply with international and regional human rights decisions; and what factors influence whether a state implements and complies or not? Much more is now known about the work of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, but a gap still exists in the literature on the implementation of the findings of the Commission. This book draws upon the data and evaluation from a four-year research project, analysing the range of pronouncements of the African Commission, including its decisions on individual communications, provisional measures, resolutions, and promotional and protective mission reports. It investigates the extent to which States implement these findings and examines how that implementation is monitored by others.
The Rise of the Value-Added Tax
Authors: James Kathryn
Published: May 2015

This book explores one of the most significant trends in the evolution of global tax systems by asking how, within less than half a century, the value-added tax (VAT) has risen from relative obscurity to become one of the world's most dominant revenue instruments. Despite its significance, very little is known about why so many countries have adopted the VAT and, in particular, why different countries adopt the types of VAT that they do. The popular mythology provides that the merits of the VAT have underpinned its global spread; however, this book contends that much scholarship confuses the question of why the VAT has risen to dominance with the issue of what makes a good VAT. This book combines policy and legal analysis to propose a new way of understanding the rise of this important revenue instrument so as to better reflect the realities of the VATs that are actually implemented.
A History of the Berliner Ensemble
Authors: Barnett David
Published: May 2015

The Berliner Ensemble was founded by Bertolt Brecht and his wife Helene Weigel in 1949. The company soon gained international prominence, and its productions and philosophy influenced the work of theatre-makers around the world. David Barnett's book is the first study of the company in any language. Based on extensive archival research, it uncovers Brecht's working methods and those of the company's most important directors after his death. The book considers the boon and burden of Brecht's legacy and provides new insights into battles waged behind the scenes for the preservation of the Brechtian tradition. The Berliner Ensemble was also the German Democratic Republic's most prestigious cultural export, attracting attention from the highest circles of government, and from the Stasi, before it privatised itself after German reunification in 1990. Barnett pieces together a complex history that sheds light on both the company's groundbreaking productions and their turbulent times.
Asteroids
Authors: Shepard Michael K.
Published: May 2015

Where do asteroids come from and what are they made of? What clues do they hold about the evolution of the Solar System? Scientists have catalogued hundreds of thousands of asteroids, and many are thought to contain water and amino acids, the building blocks of life. Michael Shepard tells the fascinating story of their discovery, and what they can tell us about the history of our own planet. He describes how we find and study asteroids, what they look like through the eyes of powerful telescopes and spacecraft, and plans for future sample return missions. This timely book interweaves accessible scientific explanations with historical background and personal narrative, providing an engaging read for anyone curious about asteroids and what they may mean for our future - both as threats and opportunities.
Tactus, Mensuration and Rhythm in Renaissance Music
Authors: DeFord Ruth I.
Published: May 2015

Ruth DeFord's book explores how tactus, mensuration, and rhythm were employed to articulate form and shape in the period from c.1420 to c.1600. Divided into two parts, the book examines the theory and practice of rhythm in relation to each other to offer new interpretations of the writings of Renaissance music theorists. In the first part, DeFord presents the theoretical evidence, introduces the manuscript sources and explains the contradictions and ambiguities in tactus theory. The second part uses theory to analyse some of the best known repertories of Renaissance music, including works by Du Fay, Ockeghem, Busnoys, Josquin, Isaac, Palestrina, and Rore, and to shed light on composers' formal and expressive uses of rhythm. DeFord's conclusions have important implications for our understanding of rhythm and for the analysis, editing, and performance of music during the Renaissance period.
The Taming of Democracy Assistance
Authors: Bush Sarah Sunn
Published: May 2015

Few government programs that aid democracy abroad today seek to foster regime change. Technical programs that do not confront dictators are more common than the aid to dissidents and political parties that once dominated the field. What explains this 'taming' of democracy assistance? This book offers the first analysis of that puzzle. In contrast to previous research on democracy aid, it focuses on the survival instincts of the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that design and implement democracy assistance. To survive, Sarah Bush argues that NGOs seek out tamer types of aid, especially as they become more professional. Diverse evidence - including three decades of new project-level data, case studies of democracy assistance in Jordan and Tunisia, and primary documents gathered from NGO archives - supports the argument. This book provides new understanding of foreign influence and moral actors in world politics, with policy implications for democracy in the Middle East.
The Apse Mosaic in Early Medieval Rome
Authors: Thunø Erik
Published: May 2015

This book focuses on apse mosaics in Rome, which were commissioned by a series of popes between the sixth and ninth centuries CE. Through a synchronic approach that challenges current conceptions about how works of art interact with historical time, Erik Thunø proposes that the apse mosaics produce an inter-visual network that collapses their chronological succession in time into a continuous present in which the faithful join the saints in the one living body of the Church of Rome. Throughout, this book situates the apse mosaics within the broader context of viewership, the cult of relics, epigraphic tradition, and church ritual while engaging topics concerned with intercession, materiality, repetition and vision.
North Korea
Authors: Smith Hazel
Published: May 2015

In this historically grounded, richly empirical study of social and economic transformation in North Korea, Hazel Smith evaluates the 'marketization from below' that followed the devastating famine of the early 1990s, estimated to be the cause of nearly one million fatalities. Smith shows how the end of the Cold War in Europe and the famine brought radical social change to all of North Korean society. This major new study analyses how marketization transformed the interests, expectations and values of the entire society, including Party members, the military, women and men, the young and the elderly. Smith shows how the daily life of North Koreans has become alienated from the daily pronouncements of the North Korean government. Challenging stereotypes of twenty-five million North Koreans as mere bystanders in history, Smith argues that North Koreans are 'neither victims nor villains' but active agents of their own destiny.
Scattering Methods in Complex Fluids
Authors: Chen Sow-Hsin , Tartaglia Piero
Published: May 2015

Summarising recent research on the physics of complex liquids, this in-depth analysis examines the topic of complex liquids from a modern perspective, addressing experimental, computational and theoretical aspects of the field. Selecting only the most interesting contemporary developments in this rich field of research, the authors present multiple examples including aggregation, gel formation and glass transition, in systems undergoing percolation, at criticality, or in supercooled states. Connecting experiments and simulation with key theoretical principles, and covering numerous systems including micelles, micro-emulsions, biological systems, and cement pastes, this unique text is an invaluable resource for graduate students and researchers looking to explore and understand the expanding field of complex fluids.
Gustav Mahler's Symphonic Landscapes
Authors: Peattie Thomas
Published: May 2015

In this study Thomas Peattie offers a new account of Mahler's symphonies by considering the composer's reinvention of the genre in light of his career as a conductor and more broadly in terms of his sustained engagement with the musical, theatrical, and aesthetic traditions of the Austrian fin de siècle. Drawing on the ideas of landscape, mobility, and theatricality, Peattie creates a richly interdisciplinary framework that reveals the uniqueness of Mahler's symphonic idiom and its radical attitude toward the presentation and ordering of musical events. The book goes on to identify a fundamental tension between the music's episodic nature and its often-noted narrative impulse and suggests that Mahler's symphonic dramaturgy can be understood as a form of abstract theatre.
Women and Modesty in Late Antiquity
Authors: Wilkinson Kate
Published: May 2015

This book offers a fresh approach to some of the most studied documents relating to Christian female asceticism in the Roman era. Focusing on the letters of advice to the women of the noble Anicia family, Kate Wilkinson argues that conventional descriptions of feminine modesty can reveal spaces of agency and self-formation in early Christian women's lives. She uses comparative data from contemporary ethnographic studies of Muslim, Hindu, and indigenous Pakistani women to draw out the possibilities inherent in codes of modesty. Her analysis also draws on performance studies for close readings of Ambrose, Augustine, Jerome and Pelagius. The book begins by locating itself within the complex terrain of feminist historiography, and then addresses three main modes of modest behavior - dress, domesticity and silence. Finally, it addresses the theme of false modesty and explores women's agency in light of Augustinian and Pelagian conceptions of choice.
The Camera as Witness
Authors: Pachuau Joy L. K. , Schendel Willem van
Published: May 2015

The Camera as Witness lifts the veil off the little known world of Mizoram and challenges - through unpublished photographs - core assumptions in the writing of India's national history. The pictures in the book establish the transformation of this society and the many forms of modernity that have emerged in it. It emphasises how 'indigenous people' in Mizoram used cameras to produce distinct modern identities and represent themselves to themselves, consistently contesting outsiders' imaginations of them as isolated, backward and in need of upliftment. The authors demonstrate how mostly amateur photographers used visual images to document a historical trajectory of heady change and continual reinvention, producing distinct modern identities. By virtue of its use of visual sources and its engagement with a wide range of important discourses, this book is relevant for students, historians, social scientists, political activists and general readers looking for a fresh approach to Northeast India.
Quantum Mind and Social Science
Authors: Wendt Alexander
Published: May 2015

There is an underlying assumption in the social sciences that consciousness and social life are ultimately classical physical/material phenomena. In this ground-breaking book, Alexander Wendt challenges this assumption by proposing that consciousness is, in fact, a macroscopic quantum mechanical phenomenon. In the first half of the book, Wendt justifies the insertion of quantum theory into social scientific debates, introduces social scientists to quantum theory and the philosophical controversy about its interpretation, and then defends the quantum consciousness hypothesis against the orthodox, classical approach to the mind-body problem. In the second half, he develops the implications of this metaphysical perspective for the nature of language and the agent-structure problem in social ontology. Wendt's argument is a revolutionary development which raises fundamental questions about the nature of social life and the work of those who study it.
Transitional Justice after German Reunification
Authors: Espindola Juan
Published: May 2015

How do societies transitioning from oppressive to democratic rule hold accountable those citizens who contributed to maintaining injustice in the ancient regime by secretly denouncing fellow citizens? Is their public identification a way of fulfilling respect for those who suffered harm as a result of their collaboration? And is public identification respectful of denunciators themselves? This book pursues these questions through a multidisciplinary investigation focusing on the denunciators for the East German secret police and the Ministry of State Security and the way in which they have been publicly unveiled in contemporary German society. The book evaluates the justifications that social actors offer to support or oppose public identifications; how targeted collaborators react to this social practice; and whether it achieves its intended purpose. At every stage, the book asks whether the motivations and the consequences of public identifications honor or undermine the value of respect for people.
Inflation and String Theory
Authors: Baumann Daniel , McAllister Liam
Published: May 2015

The past two decades have seen transformative advances in cosmology and string theory. Observations of the cosmic microwave background have revealed strong evidence for inflationary expansion in the very early universe, while new insights about compactifications of string theory have led to a deeper understanding of inflation in a framework that unifies quantum mechanics and general relativity. Written by two of the leading researchers in the field, this complete and accessible volume provides a modern treatment of inflationary cosmology and its connections to string theory and elementary particle theory. After an up-to-date experimental summary, the authors present the foundations of effective field theory, string theory, and string compactifications, setting the stage for a detailed examination of models of inflation in string theory. Three appendices contain background material in geometry and cosmological perturbation theory, making this a self-contained resource for graduate students and researchers in string theory, cosmology, and related fields.
Reasons, Rights, and Values
Authors: Audi Robert
Published: May 2015

A central concern in recent ethical thinking is reasons for action and their relation to obligations, rights, and values. This collection of recent essays by Robert Audi presents an account of what reasons for action are, how they are related to obligation and rights, and how they figure in virtuous conduct. In addition, Audi reflects in his opening essay on his theory of reasons for action, his common-sense intuitionism, and his widely debated principles for balancing religion and politics. Reasons are shown to be basic elements in motivation, grounded in experience, and crucial for justifying actions and for understanding rights. Audi's clear and engaging essays make these advanced debates accessible to students as well as scholars, and this volume will be a valuable resource for readers interested in ethical theory, political theory, applied ethics, or philosophy of action.
Security Theology, Surveillance and the Politics of Fear
Authors: Shalhoub-Kevorkian Nadera
Published: May 2015

This examination of Palestinian experiences of life and death within the context of Israeli settler colonialism broadens the analytical horizon to include those who 'keep on existing' and explores how Israeli theologies and ideologies of security, surveillance and fear can obscure violence and power dynamics while perpetuating existing power structures. Drawing from everyday aspects of Palestinian victimization, survival, life and death, and moving between the local and the global, Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian introduces and defines her notion of 'Israeli security theology' and the politics of fear within Palestine/Israel. She relies on a feminist analysis, invoking the intimate politics of the everyday and centering the Palestinian body, family life, memory and memorialization, birth and death as critical sites from which to examine the settler colonial state's machineries of surveillance which produce and maintain a political economy of fear that justifies colonial violence.
The Politics of Work–Family Policies
Authors: Boling Patricia
Published: May 2015

The work-family policies of Sweden and France are often held up as models for other nations to follow, yet political structures and resources can present obstacles to fundamental change that must be taken into account. Patricia Boling argues that we need to think realistically about how to create political and policy change in this vital area. She evaluates policy approaches in the US, France, Germany and Japan, analyzing their policy histories, power resources, and political institutions to explain their approaches, and to propose realistic trajectories toward change. Arguing that much of the story lies in the way that job markets are structured, Boling shows that when women have reasonable chances of resuming their careers after giving birth, they are more likely to have children than in countries where even brief breaks put an end to a career, or where motherhood restricts them to part-time work.
The Dynamics of Inheritance on the Shakespearean Stage
Authors: Dowd Michelle M.
Published: May 2015

Early modern England's system of patrilineal inheritance, in which the eldest son inherited his father's estate and title, was one of the most significant forces affecting social order in the period. Demonstrating that early modern theatre played a unique and vital role in shaping how inheritance was understood, Michelle M. Dowd explores some of the common contingencies that troubled this system: marriage and remarriage, misbehaving male heirs, and families with only daughters. Shakespearean drama helped question and reimagine inheritance practices, making room for new formulations of gendered authority, family structure, and wealth transfer. Through close readings of canonical and non-canonical plays by Shakespeare, Webster, Jonson, and others, Dowd pays particular attention to the significance of space in early modern inheritance and the historical relationship between dramatic form and the patrilineal economy. Her book will interest researchers and students of early modern drama, Shakespeare, gender studies, and socio-economic history.
Stories of “Success”: Narrative, Expertise, and Claims to Knowledge
Authors: Jones Briony
Published: May 2015

This paper explores the possibilities provided by narrative interviewing for critically assessing claims of success regarding reconciliation policies in Brčko District, Bosnia-Herzegovina. More specifically, the paper argues that such claims of success are based on claims to expertise. Certain understandings of the harm, i.e., the inter-ethnic violence committed during the 1992–1995 war, and of the policies designed to address it, i.e., reconciliation policies based on a logic of multi-ethnic living, gain credence based on the supposed expertise of particular actors. However, knowledge of harm and of the impact of policies designed to address it is produced through the subjectivity of different actors’ positionalities, and therefore assumptions about the figure of “the expert” need to be unsettled. This paper explores the possibilities offered by narrative interviewing and analysis for bringing to the fore the complicated ways in which expertise is produced in certain places at certain times.
On the formation of axial corner vortices during spin-up in a cylinder of square cross-section
Authors: Munro R. J. , Hewitt R. E. , Foster M. R.
Published: May 2015

We present experimental and theoretical results for the adjustment of a fluid (homogeneous or linearly stratified), which is initially rotating as a solid body with angular frequency ${\it\Omega}-{\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}$, to a nonlinear increase ${\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}$ in the angular frequency of all bounding surfaces. The fluid is contained in a cylinder of square cross-section which is aligned centrally along the rotation axis, and we focus on the $O(\mathit{Ro}^{-1}{\it\Omega}^{-1})$ time scale, where $\mathit{Ro}={\rm\Delta}{\it\Omega}/{\it\Omega}$ is the Rossby number. The flow development is shown to be dominated by unsteady separation of a viscous sidewall layer, leading to an eruption of vorticity that becomes trapped in the four vertical corners of the container. The longer-time evolution on the standard ‘spin-up’ time scale, $E^{-1/2}{\it\Omega}^{-1}$ (where $E$ is the associated Ekman number), has been described in detail for this geometry by Foster & Munro (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 712, 2012, pp. 7–40), but only for small changes in the container’s rotation rate (i.e. $\mathit{Ro}\ll 1$). In the linear case, for $\mathit{Ro}\ll E^{1/2}\ll 1$, there is no sidewall separation. In the present investigation we focus on the fully nonlinear problem, $\mathit{Ro}=O(1)$, for which the sidewall viscous layers are Prandtl boundary layers and (somewhat unusually) periodic around the container’s circumference. Some care is required in the corners of the container, but we show that the sidewall boundary layer breaks down (separates) shortly after an impulsive change in rotation rate. These theoretical boundary-layer results are compared with two-dimensional Navier–Stokes results which capture the eruption of vorticity, and these are in turn compared to laboratory observations and data. The experiments show that when the Burger number, $S=(N/{\it\Omega})^{2}$ (where $N$ is the buoyancy frequency), is relatively large – corresponding to a strongly stratified fluid – the flow remains (horizontally) two-dimensional on the $O(\mathit{Ro}^{-1}{\it\Omega}^{-1})$ time scale, and good quantitative predictions can be made by a two-dimensional theory. As $S$ was reduced in the experiments, three-dimensional effects were observed to become important in the core of each corner vortex, on this time scale, but only after the breakdown of the sidewall layers.
Exploring droplet impact near a millimetre-sized hole: comparing a closed pit with an open-ended pore
Authors: de Jong Rianne , Enríquez Oscar R. , van der Meer Devaraj
Published: May 2015

We investigate drop impact dynamics near closed pits and open-ended pores experimentally. The resulting impact phenomena differ greatly in each case. For a pit, we observe three distinct phenomena, which we denote as a splash, a jet and an air bubble, whose appearance depends on the distance between impact location and pit. Furthermore, we found that splash velocities can reach up to seven times the impact velocity. Drop impact near a pore, however, results solely in splashing. Interestingly, two distinct and disconnected splashing regimes occur, with a region of planar spreading in between. For pores, splashes are less pronounced than in the pit case. We state that, for the pit case, the presence of air inside it plays the crucial role of promoting splashing and allowing for air bubbles to appear.
AN APPROACH TO CAPABLE GROUPS AND SCHUR’S THEOREM
Authors: HASSANZADEH MITRA , HATAMIAN RASOUL
Published: May 2015

Podoski and Szegedy [‘On finite groups whose derived subgroup has bounded rank’, Israel J. Math.178 (2010), 51–60] proved that for a finite group $G$ with rank $r$, the inequality $[G:Z_{2}(G)]\leq |G^{\prime }|^{2r}$ holds. In this paper we omit the finiteness condition on $G$ and show that groups with finite derived subgroup satisfy the same inequality. We also construct an $n$-capable group which is not $(n+1)$-capable for every $n\in \mathbf{N}$.
Determinants of dietary supplement use – healthy individuals use dietary supplements
Authors: Kofoed Christina L. F. , Christensen Jane , Dragsted Lars O. , Tjønneland Anne , Roswall Nina
Published: May 2015

The prevalence of dietary supplement use varies largely among populations, and previous studies have indicated that it is high in the Danish population compared with other European countries. The diversity in supplement use across countries indicates that cultural and environmental factors could influence the use of dietary supplements. Only few studies investigating the use of dietary supplements have been conducted in the Danish population. The present cross-sectional study is based on 54 948 Danes, aged 50–64 years, who completed self-administrated questionnaires on diet, dietary supplements and lifestyle between 1993 and 1997. A health index including smoking, physical activity, alcohol and diet, and a metabolic risk index including waist circumference, urinary glucose and measured hypertension were constructed. Logistic regression was used to investigate these determinants in relation to the intake of dietary supplements. We found that 71 % of the participants were dietary supplement users; female sex, older age groups and higher educated participants were more likely to be users of any dietary supplements. One additional point in the health index was associated with 19, 16 and 9 % higher likelihood of being user of any, more common and less common supplements, respectively. In the metabolic risk index, one additional point was associated with 17 and 16 % lower likelihood of being user of any supplement and more common supplements, respectively. No significant association was found for less common supplement use. In conclusion, those with the healthiest lifestyle were more likely to use dietary supplements. Thus, lifestyle and dietary composition should be considered as confounders on supplement use and health outcomes.
Waves in a 1D electrorheological dusty plasma lattice
Authors: Rosenberg M.
Published: May 2015

The behavior of waves in a one-dimensional (1D) dusty plasma lattice where the dust interacts via Yukawa and electric dipole interactions is discussed theoretically. This study is motivated by recent reports on electrorheological dusty plasmas (e.g. Ivlev et al. 2008Phys. Rev. Lett.100, 095003) where the dipole interaction arises due to an external uniaxial AC electric field that distorts the Debye sphere surrounding each grain. Application to possible dusty plasma experimental parameters is discussed.
The stretch-length tradeoff in geometric networks: average case and worst case study
Authors: ALDOUS DAVID , LANDO TAMAR
Published: May 2015

Consider a network linking the points of a rate-1 Poisson point process on the plane. Write Ψave(s) for the minimum possible mean length per unit area of such a network, subject to the constraint that the route-length between every pair of points is at moststimes the Euclidean distance. We give upper and lower bounds on the function Ψave(s), and on the analogous “worst-case” function Ψworst(s) where the point configuration is arbitrary subject to average density one per unit area. Our bounds are numerically crude, but raise the question of whether there is an exponent α such that each function has Ψ(s) ≍ (s− 1)−αass↓ 1.
Ferromagnetic ordering in La0.7Sr0.3Mn3+0.85Nb5+0.15O3 manganite
Authors: Troyanchuk I. O. , Bushinsky M. V. , Efimov V. , Schorr S. , Ritter C. , Sikolenko V.
Published: May 2015

Structural measurements have been performed on the La0.7Sr0.3Mn3+0.85Nb5+0.15O3 compound with oxidation state of manganese close to +3. The composition undergoes a structural transition from rhombohedral to orthorhombic symmetry below room temperature. The calculated structural parameters show that the orthorhombic phase is not long-range orbitally ordered and that the structural transition is associated with a steric effect. The compound is ferromagnetic with a Curie point of around 150 K and a magnetic moment of 3.1 μB/Mn. It is suggested that ferromagnetism is originated from superexchange interactions via oxygen. Covalence enhances the positive part of the superexchange interactions whereas structural disorder leads to suppression of ferromagnetism.
Burgers Vector Analysis of Vertical Dislocations in Ge Crystals by Large-Angle Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction
Authors: Groiss Heiko , Glaser Martin , Marzegalli Anna , Isa Fabio , Isella Giovanni , Miglio Leo , Schäffler Friedrich
Published: May 2015

By transmission electron microscopy with extended Burgers vector analyses, we demonstrate the edge and screw character of vertical dislocations (VDs) in novel SiGe heterostructures. The investigated pillar-shaped Ge epilayers on prepatterned Si(001) substrates are an attempt to avoid the high defect densities of lattice mismatched heteroepitaxy. The Ge pillars are almost completely strain-relaxed and essentially defect-free, except for the rather unexpected VDs. We investigated both pillar-shaped and unstructured Ge epilayers grown either by molecular beam epitaxy or by chemical vapor deposition to derive a general picture of the underlying dislocation mechanisms. For the Burgers vector analysis we used a combination of dark field imaging and large-angle convergent beam electron diffraction (LACBED). With LACBED simulations we identify ideally suited zeroth and second order Laue zone Bragg lines for an unambiguous determination of the three-dimensional Burgers vectors. By analyzing dislocation reactions we confirm the origin of the observed types of VDs, which can be efficiently distinguished by LACBED. The screw type VDs are formed by a reaction of perfect 60° dislocations, whereas the edge types are sessile dislocations that can be formed by cross-slips and climbing processes. The understanding of these origins allows us to suggest strategies to avoid VDs.
CBT group treatment for depression
Authors: Nielsen Mariana
Published: May 2015

The effect of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is well-documented for individual interventions for depression. Studies of group interventions for depression using CBT principles are more sparse. Hence the reason for this naturalistic study that reviews the results of a short term 12-session manualized CBT group intervention offered in an inpatient setting at the Specialized Treatment Unit for Depression and Anxiety at the Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, over a 5-year period. The aim of the study was the treatment and relapse prevention of depressive symptoms by teaching patients cognitive behavioural therapeutic methods. The manual deviated only slightly from Melanie Fennell's treatment model. Sixty-two patients were referred and 48 participated, 45 of these had been inpatients with moderate to severe major depression admitted to the ward with a depressive episode or recurrent depressive episodes of at least 2 weeks and up to 2 years’ duration. So far the results are promising, measured by the decrease in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) score at session 12 [mean BDI-II score at baseline: 30.7 (s.d.= 9.9); post-treatment: 20.4 (s.d.= 12.6),p<0.0001], relapse was measured by the rate of readmissions compared to data published in a previous register-based study on Danish patients with unipolar depression, which showed significantly lower rates of readmission in our sample (p= 0.003) and patients’ self-reported improvement, indicating that treatment in groups can be recommended, although a 12-session programme may have to be extended for people with more complex and longstanding personality impairments and recurring depression. Secondary gains not originally intended, but pointed out in patient feedback, were the strengthening of social skills and self-esteem.
Contemplating the true nature of the notion of “responsibility” in responsible command
Authors: Corn Geoffrey S.
Published: May 2015

Operating under responsible command is an essential requirement to qualify as a lawful combatant, and is also central to the doctrine of command responsibility. This reveals the inextricable link between the role of the commander and the effective implementation of the international humanitarian law (IHL). Understanding this linkage is vital to ensuring that commanders and other military leaders fulfil their obligation to prepare subordinates to navigate the chaos of mortal combat within the legal and by implication moral framework that IHL provides. Few commanders would question the proposition that responsible commanders prepare their military units to effectively perform their combat missions. However, operational effectiveness is only one aspect of developing a “responsible” command. Because this term is grounded in the expectation of IHL compliance, a truly responsible command exists only when the unit is prepared to execute its operational mission in a manner that fully complies with IHL obligations. This broader conception of a disciplined and effective military unit reflects the true nature of the concept of responsible command, as only military units built on this conception of discipline advance the complementary objectives of military effectiveness and humanitarian respect. Accordingly, the requirement that lawful combatants operate under responsible command is an admonition to all military leaders that truly effective military units are those capable of executing their missions with maximum operational effect within the framework of humanitarian constraint that defines the limits of justifiable violence during armed conflict.
Rubrene crystal field-effect mobility modulation via conducting channel wrinkling
Authors: Reyes-Martinez Marcos A. , Crosby Alfred J. , Briseno Alejandro L.
Published: May 2015

With the impending surge of flexible organic electronic technologies, it has become essential to understand how mechanical deformation affects the electrical performance of organic thin-film devices. Organic single crystals are ideal for the systematic study of strain effects on electrical properties without being concerned about grain boundaries and other defects. Here we investigate how the deformation affects the field-effect mobility of single crystals of the benchmark semiconductor rubrene. The wrinkling instability is used to apply local strains of different magnitudes along the conducting channel in field-effect transistors. We discover that the mobility changes as dictated by the net strain at the dielectric/semiconductor interface. We propose a model based on the plate bending theory to quantify the net strain in wrinkled transistors and predict the change in mobility. These contributions represent a significant step forward in structure–function relationships in organic semiconductors, critical for the development of the next generation of flexible electronic devices.