bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Akad Mudharabah dalam Pembiayaan Perbankan Syariah yang Ideal Ditinjau dari Segi Jaminan
Authors: Mahyunda Utari
Published: September 2024

The existence of differences of opinion regarding whether or not the imposition of collateral to mudharib in financing with mudharabah contracts in Islamic banks creates uncertainty for people who use Islamic bank services. Do not let the public become uninterested in using Islamic bank services only because of these differences of opinion. Therefore, it is necessary to further study whether the mudharabah contract in financing at Islamic banks is more ideal to be subject to collateral or not. Ideal in this case means fulfilling the principles of justice and balance ('adl wa tawazun) in the community as users of Islamic bank services. Based on this, the researcher formulates a problem formulation regarding 'How is the ideal mudharabah contract in Islamic bank financing?' The research method used is normative with literature study. The results concluded that financing with mudharabah contracts in Islamic banks is more ideal if the mudharib is still subject to collateral. This is because collateral serves to increase the bank's confidence to be able to provide financing facilities to prospective customers, fulfill the principles of justice and balance ('adl wa tawazun), place Islamic banks to decide whether or not a customer is given a facility, protect Islamic banks from moral hazard, and the existence of collateral can be a protective tool for Islamic banks from uncertain global economic conditions.Keywords: Collateral; Financing; Mudharabah
AbstrakAdanya perbedaan pendapat mengenai wajib atau tidaknya pengenaan jaminan kepada mudharib dalam pembiayaan dengan akad mudharabah di bank syariah menimbulkan ketidakpastian bagi masyarakat pengguna jasa bank syariah. Jangan sampai, masyarakat menjadi tidak tertarik untuk menggunakan jasa bank syariah hanya dikarenakan perbedaan pendapat tersebut. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikaji lebih lanjut mengenai akad mudharabah dalam pembiayaan di bank syariah lebih ideal dikenakan jaminan atau tidak dikenakan jaminan. Ideal dalam hal ini berarti memenuhi prinsip keadilan dan keseimbangan (‘adl wa tawazun) dalam masyarakat selaku pengguna jasa bank-bank syariah. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, peneliti merumuskan suatu rumusan masalah mengenai ‘Bagaimanakah akad mudharabah dalam pembiayaan bank syariah yang ideal?’ Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah normatif dengan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pembiayaan dengan akad mudharabah di bank syariah lebih ideal apabila mudharib tetap dikenakan jaminan. Hal ini dikarenakan jaminan berfungsi untuk meningkatkan keyakinan bank untuk dapat memberikan fasilitas pembiayaan kepada calon nasabah, terpenuhinya prinsip keadilan dan keseimbangan (‘adl wa tawazun), menempatkan bank syariah untuk memutuskan layak atau tidaknya seorang nasabah diberikan fasilitas, melindungi bank syariah dari adanya moral hazard, dan adanya jaminan dapat menjadi alat pelindung bank syariah dari kondisi ekonomi global yang tidak menentu.Kata kunci: Jaminan; Mudharabah; Pembiayaan
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Dalam Akta Jaminan Berupa Hak Sewa Kios Pasar
Authors: Rini Ristanti
Published: September 2024

The high market stall rental price means that the right to rent a market stall is considered something that is valuable and can be used. The aim of this research is to analyze the validity of the financing agreement deed with guaranteed market stalls rental rights and legal protection for creditors if the debtor defaults. This research uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual and statutory approach, the legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials collected through literature study, then analyzed through qualitative descriptive. The results of this research conclude, First, the deed of financing and guarantee agreement is said to be materially valid if the material of the deed is in accordance with Article 1320 of the Civil Code and is formally valid , the deed must be made based on Article 38 paragraphs (1)-(5) of the JNP Law. Second. The guarantee deed is in the form of rental rights to a market stall which is an accessoir agreement The deed of agreement providing financing facilities does not yet provide legal protection for creditors if there is a default by the debtor. Apart from the legal guarantee of rental rights for market stalls not being regulated, guarantees with market stalls in principle cannot be executed, because the ownership of the market stalls at Beringharjo Market does not belong to the traders, but to the Yogyakarta City Government.Keywords: Creditors Deed of Guarantee, Legal Protection and Market Stall.
AbstrakTingginya harga sewa kios pasar menjadikan hak sewa kios pasar dianggap sebagai hal yang bernilai dan dapat dijadikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis keabsahan akta perjanjian pembiayaan dengan jaminan berupa hak sewa kios pasar dan perlindungan hukum kreditur apabila debitur melakukan wanprestasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dan perundang-undangan, bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang dikumpulkan melalui studi kepustakaan, kemudian dianalisis melalui deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan, Pertama, akta perjanjian pembiayaan dan jaminan dikatakan sah secara material apabila materi akta telah sesuai dengan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata dan sah secara formil, akta harus dibuat berdasarkan Pasal 38 ayat (1)-(5) UU JNP. Kedua. Akta jaminan berupa hak sewa atas kios pasar yang merupakan perjanjian accesoir dari akta perjanjian pemberian fasilitas pembiayaan belum memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi pihak kreditur apabila ada wanprestasi yang dilakukan oleh debitur. Selain dalam hukum jaminan hak sewa atas kios pasar belum diatur, juga jaminan berupa hak sewa atas kios pasar pada prinsipnya tidak dapat dieksekusi (dijual maupun dialihkan hak sewanya) karena kepemilikan kios pasar yang ada di Pasar Beringharjo bukan kepunyaan pedagang, melainkan kepunyaan Pemerintah Kota Yogyakarta.Kata Kunci: Akta Jaminan, Kios Pasar, Kreditur dan Perlindungan Hukum.
On Duality Principles and Concerned Convex Dual Formulations Applied to a Non-Linear Plate Theory and Related Models
Authors: Botelho Fabio
Published: September 2024

This article develops duality principles applicable to originally non-convex primal variational formulations. More specifically, as a first application, we establish a convex dual approximate variational formulation for a non-linear Kirchhoff-Love plate model. The results are obtained through basic tools of functional analysis, calculus of variations, duality and optimization theory in infinite dimensional spaces. We emphasize such a convex dual approximate formulation obtained may be applied to a large class of similar models in the calculus of variations. Finally, in the last section, we present a duality principle and respective convex dual formulation for a Ginzburg-Landau type equation.
The Extended Mind & Body in Extended Realities: A Scoping Review of XR Applications and Risks in the Metaverse
Authors: Kourtesis Panagiotis
Published: September 2024

This scoping review explores the intersection of Extended Mind Theory and Extended Reality (XR) technologies, focusing on how Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Mixed Reality reshape human cognition and interaction. XR enables users to offload cognitive tasks and engage in embodied experiences, extending cognition beyond the brain into digital environments. The review highlights a wide range of XR applications, from immersive learning in STEM education and medical training, neuropsychological assessment to therapeutic interventions, arts and entertainment, professional skills development, retail and e-commerce, remote work, sports training, architecture and urban planning, and cultural heritage preservation. XR's integration with modalities like haptics, eye-tracking, face- and body-tracking, and brain-computer interfaces further enhances cognitive extension and user engagement. However, alongside these advancements come significant ethical, psychological, and societal challenges, such as data privacy concerns, the psychological effects of prolonged immersion, and social inequality arising from disparate access to XR technologies. This review emphasizes the need for robust ethical frameworks that address these challenges, ensuring that XR technologies enhance human development while maintaining autonomy, privacy, and mental well-being. As XR continues to evolve and integrate with artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, its role in expanding human cognition will depend on responsible implementation and governance.
A Survey on Real-Time Metaverse: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hatami Mohsen , Qu Qian , Chen Yu , Kholidy Hisham , Blasch Erik , Ardiles-Cruz Erika
Published: September 2024

Metaverse represents a multifaceted digital universe integrating diverse technologies to create immersive, interconnected virtual environments. Key components foundational to its structure include the infrastructure layer for hardware and network support, the human interface layer utilizing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) devices, and a decentralized layer leveraging blockchain for secure digital asset management. Further components encompass spatial computing for realistic 3D environments, the creator economy for content generation and monetization, and discovery mechanisms for navigation within Metaverse. VR, AR, blockchain, AI, the fifth-generation (5G) networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT) are central to Metaverse functionality, enabling real-time interactions and data integration. Real-Time Metaverse aims to replicate instantaneous real-world interactions, requiring advanced technological infrastructure for seamless data exchange. Critical challenges include ensuring low latency, high bandwidth, scalability, and robust security measures. Metaverse’s potential spans various domains, promising to revolutionize social interactions, entertainment, workplaces, and education through dynamic, immersive experiences. Ongoing advancements in high-performance computing, cloud services, and AI-driven technologies are essential for addressing existing barriers and achieving a cohesive, secure, and inclusive Metaverse ecosystem. Future research must focus on enhancing user experience, accessibility, and standardized interoperability to fully realize the transformative capabilities of a Metaverse.
The Energy Consumption Problem in Cryptocurrency Mining and AI: Analysis, Future, and Breakthrough Mathematical Solutions
Authors: Durmagambetov Asset
Published: September 2024

The growing energy consumption in the cryptocurrency and artificial intelligence (AI) industries is becoming an increasingly critical issue. This paper discusses methods for addressing this problem using data compression algorithms and the optimization of computational processes. Specifically, we examine research results that demonstrate the potential for significantly reducing energy consumption through mathematical solutions, such as the Riemann Hypothesis. We also present the notarized test results of an image compression program developed by the author. The work was presented at a UN panel session and an ECO webinar, receiving recommendations for implementation in ECO member countries. Additionally, modern technologies for accelerating cryptographic methods and algorithms are considered.The growing energy consumption in the cryptocurrency and artificial intelligence (AI) industries is becoming an increasingly critical issue. This paper discusses methods for addressing this problem using data compression algorithms and the optimization of computational processes. Specifically, we examine research results that demonstrate the potential for significantly reducing energy consumption through mathematical solutions, such as the Riemann Hypothesis. We also present the notarized test results of an image compression program developed by the author. The work was presented at a UN panel session and an ECO webinar, receiving recommendations for implementation in ECO member countries. Additionally, modern technologies for accelerating cryptographic methods and algorithms are considered.
A Systematic Literature Review with Meta – Analysis of Predictive Modelling of Rift Valley Fever Outbreaks in East Africa: Machine Learning and Time Series Approaches
Authors: Mulwa Damaris Felistus , Kazuzuru Benedicto , Misinzo Gerald , Bett Benard
Published: September 2024

Rift Valley Fever (RVF), is a viral zoonotic disease predominant in East Africa and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes carrying the virus. Using the systematic literature review approach, the present study evaluated machine learning techniques and time series approaches to find literature on the impact of climatic changes on RVF outbreaks published between 1930 and 2024. The literature search involved databases including PubMed, PLOS ONE, JSTOR, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS (Kenmoe et al., 2023).The results show that most of the articles were published between 2018 and 2022, and most of the articles were from United States, France, and Kenya. We conducted a detailed review of the articles using the PRISMA 2020 flow chart, screening and qualifying 10,015 articles. Some articles revealed significant gaps in both internal and external validation. Therefore, future research should focus on developing multi-disciplinary models that incorporate climatic condition, geographical, biological, and social factors.
Thermal Bed Design for Temperature-Controlled DNA Amplification Using Optoelectronic Sensors
Authors: Garcia-Torales Guillermo , Torres-Ortega H. , Estrada-Marmolejo Ruben , Beltran-Gonzalez Anuar B. , Strojnik Marija
Published: September 2024

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) is a widely used technique for nucleic acid amplification due to its high specificity, sensitivity, and rapid results. Advances in microfluidic lab-on-chip (LOC) technology have enabled the integration of LAMP into miniaturized devices, known as μ-LAMP, which require precise thermal control for optimal DNA amplification. This paper introduces a novel thermal bed design using PCB copper traces and FR−4 dielectric materials, providing a reliable, modular, and repairable heating platform. We present the design, fabrication, and control mechanisms of the thermal bed, demonstrating its ability to maintain accurate temperatures essential for μ-LAMP applications. The thermal bed’s performance is validated through finite element method (FEM) simulations, confirming its effectiveness in diverse applications such as disease diagnostics, biological safety, and forensic analysis.
Assessing the Pathogenicity of Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum on Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) Using a Rapid and Robust Seedling Screening Method
Authors: Chen Andrew , Le Duy P. , Smith Linda J. , Kafle Dinesh , Aitken Elizabeth A. B. , Gardiner Donald M.
Published: September 2024

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is the most important fibre crop worldwide. Black root rot and Fusarium wilt are two major diseases of cotton caused by soil-borne Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (Fov), respectively. Phenotyping plant symptoms caused by soil-borne pathogens has always been a challenge. To increase the uniformity of infection, we adapted a seedling screening method that directly uses liquid cultures to inoculate the plant roots and the soil. Four isolates each of B. rouxiae and Fov were collected from cotton fields in Australia and were characterised for virulence on cotton under controlled plant growth conditions. While the identity of all four B. rouxiae isolates were confirmed by multi-loci sequencing, only two of them were found to be pathogenic on cotton, suggesting variability in the ability of isolates of this species to cause disease. The four Fov isolates were phylogenetically clustered together with the other Australian Fov isolates and displayed both external and internal symptoms characteristic of Fusarium wilt on cotton plants. Furthermore, the isolates appeared to induce varied levels of plant disease severity indicating differences in their virulence on cotton. To contrast the virulence of the Fov isolates, four putatively non-pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) isolates collected from cotton seedlings exhibiting atypical wilt symptoms were assessed for their ability to colonise cotton host. Despite the absence of Secreted In Xylem genes (SIX6, SIX11, SIX13 and SIX14) characteristic of Fov, all four Fo isolates retained the ability to colonise cotton and induce wilt symptoms. This suggests that slightly virulent strains of Fo may contribute to the overall occurrence of Fusarium wilt in cotton fields. Findings from this study will allow better distinction to be made between plant pathogens and endophytes and allow fungal effectors underpinning pathogenicity to be explored.
Using an Innovative Approach “Mixed Systematic-Realist Review” (MSRR) to Generate a New Pragmatic Framework of HIV Stigma Reduction
Authors: Ross Ratchneewan , Avorgbedo Forgive Ghana , Dery Samuel , Asamoah Anita , Al Araydeh Mifleh , Sapkota Shubha , Hirst Joelle D
Published: September 2024

Background and Objectives: Pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) are likely to be traumatized and stigmatized, hindering their ARV treatment uptake and leading to the spread of the virus and low quality of life. Previous research has examined HIV stigma reduction interventions, yet syntheses of such evidence among pregnant WLHIV have not been presented. Our literature synthesis aims to identify effective HIV stigma reduction interventions and create an emergent pragmatic framework for future education, research, and clinical practice. Methods: Mixed Systematic-Realist Review (MSRR), an innovative approach developed by our team, was applied to synthesize studies on stigma reduction interventions among pregnant WLHIV. Combining the principles and processes of systematic review and realist review, MSRR is a 5-step evidence-based, context-bound strategy, starting from topic identification through pragmatic framework creation. Results: Using pre-determined inclusion criteria to search for relevant articles in five databases, we identified 238 articles and then reduced them to four after using pre-determined exclusion criteria. All four studies were conducted in Sub-Saharan countries with adult pregnant WLHIV (n = 824). Multicomponent stigma reduction interventions in the literature yielded positive outcomes (de-creased stigma and lessened depressive symptoms). The emergent framework, depicted in a diagram format, was based on the input-process-output framework. Conclusions: The novel MSRR adopts the strengths of both systematic and realist reviews and can be applied across diverse populations. Additionally, the results and emergent pragmatic framework can be used for HIV stigma reduction education and to advance research and clinical practice.
Discrete Logarithms
Authors: Matysiak Lukasz
Published: September 2024

In this paper we present two algorithms for computing discrete logarithms. We present some properties and show how we break the Diffie-Hellman protocol, which is considered to be very secure.
Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Factors, and Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Isolated from Wenzhou, China
Authors: Jin Yafang , Li Yi , Huang Shaojie , Hong Chengji , Feng Xucong , Cai Huidi , Xia Yanmei , Li Shengkai , Zhang Leyi , Lou Yongliang , Guan Wanchun
Published: September 2024

Salmonella species are important foodborne pathogens worldwide. Salmonella pathogenicity is associated with multiple virulence factors and enhanced antimicrobial resistance. To determine the molecular characteristics and genetic correlations of Salmonella, 24 strains of Salmonella isolated from different sources (raw poultry, human stool, and food) in the Wenzhou area were investigated to determine the distribution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Aminoglycoside-resistance genes were detected in all samples. Over half of the samples found antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and point mutations for several clinically frequently used antibiotic, β-lactamases, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones. Of these strains, 62.5% were predicted to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). The quinolone-modifying enzyme gene aac(6')-Ib-cr, detected in five samples (S1–S4 and S10), were located on integrons. Analysis of Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) profiles suggests that serotypes with close genetic relationships share the same distribution of virulence factors, revealing a link between genotype and SPI profiles. CgMLST analysis indicated that five isolates S14–S18 were closely related to strains originating from the UK, suggesting that they may have been introduced from the UK. Data from this study may enrich the molecular traceability database for Salmonella and provide a basis for effective public health policies.
An Overview of the Current State of Social Ecological Economics Field: A Literature Review
Authors: Rivera-González Gibrán , Cadena-López Ayde , Escamilla-García Pablo Emilio , Rivera Angel Eustorgio
Published: September 2024

In 2023, the World Economic Forum reported the existence of high-severity global risks in both the short and long term, including climate change, natural disasters and biodiversity loss. In response, Clive L. Spash, a scholar specializing in ecosocial issues, has proposed a paradigm shift that considers the interconnection between ecological, economic, and social challenges, advocating for approaches that go beyond the positivistic approach of orthodox economics. He refers to this approach as Social Ecological Economics (SEE), a school of thought that has received limited attention, evident from the scarcity of publications on the subject. In light of this, the objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the key elements that define Social Ecological Economics as an alternative field within ecological thought. To achieve this, a literature review was conducted, employing open and in vivo coding using Atlas.ti 9 software. The findings identify the core components of Social Ecological Economics, organized into categories such as background, characteristics, dimensions, problems, criticisms, foundations, and proposals. These categories highlight the distinctive identity of this school. As this study is exploratory in nature, a future research agenda is proposed to further examine the relevance of this approach in tackling pressing global issues.
Effectiveness of Generative AI for Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment
Authors: Estêvão João M. C.
Published: September 2024

After an earthquake, assessing the seismic vulnerability of buildings is essential for prioritizing emergency response, guiding reconstruction, and ensuring public safety. Accurate and timely evaluation of structural damage plays a vital role in mitigating further risks and facilitating in-formed decision-making during disaster recovery. This study investigates the performance of various Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) models, developed by different companies with diverse model sizes and context windows, in analysing post-earthquake images. The primary objective was to evaluate the models' effectiveness in classifying structural damage according to the EMS-98 scale (with 5 levels of damage), which ranges from minor damage to total destruction. For masonry buildings, the correct classification rates varied widely across models, from 28.6% to 64.3%, with mean damage grade errors ranging from 0.50 to 0.79. In the case of reinforced concrete buildings, correct classification rates ranged from 37.5% to 75.0%, with mean damage grade errors between 0.50 and 0.88. The use of fine-tuning could probably improve the results substantially. Improving the accuracy of GAI models could significantly reduce the time and resources needed to assess post-earthquake damage, namely when comparing with more traditional approaches. The results achieved thus far demonstrate the promise of GAI models for rapid, automated, and ac-curate damage evaluation, which is critical for expediting decision-making in disaster response scenarios.
A Soft Exoskeleton System Based-On Segmented Composite Proprioceptive Bending Actuators for Hand Rehabilitation ADL Tasks
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Daohui , Chu Yaqi , Zhao Xingang , Ren Shuheng , Hou Xudong
Published: September 2024

Soft pneumatic actuators/robotics have received significant interest in the medical and health fields, due to their intrinsic elasticity and simple control strategies enabling desired interaction. However, current soft hand pneumatic exoskeletons often exhibit uniform deformation, mismatch the profile of the interacted objects, and seldom quantify the assistive effects during activities of daily life (ADL), such as extension angle and joint stiffness predicted. The lack of quantification poses challenges to the effective and sustainable advancement of rehabilitation technology. This paper introduces the design, modeling, and testing of pneumatic bioinspired Segmented Composite Proprioceptive Bending Actuators (SCPBAs) for hand rehabilitation in ADL tasks. The actuator’s soft-joint/rigid-bone segmented structure, inspired by the human finger anatomy, provides a superior fit compared to traditional continuous structures. A quasi-static model is established to predict the bending angles based on geometrical parameters. The SCPBAs also include a quantitative evaluation of joint stiffness and extension angle utilizing proprioceptive bending information. Additionally, a soft under-actuated hand exoskeleton equipped with SCPBAs demonstrates its potential in ADL rehabilitation scenarios.
Assessing Seismic Vulnerability Methods for RC-Frame Buildings in Pre- and Post-Earthquake
Authors: Samuel Mabor Achol Achol , Xiong Ergang , Mahmood Haris , Chenadaire Lekeufack Beco , Xie Yupeng , Han Yufei
Published: September 2024

In metropolitan regions, which are particularly vulnerable to seismic damage, numerous reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are being constructed. Public safety has been an important consideration to safeguard and protect people, buildings, and infrastructure from the potential effects of earthquakes. The assessment of seismic vulnerability within urban areas encompassed an analysis of both building vulnerability and the scale of seismic hazards prevalent in the locality. This assessment aimed to ascertain the likelihood of building damage resulting from ground motion induced by an earthquake of a specific magnitude. In recent decades, considerable efforts have been made to develop and improve methods for assessing earthquake damage to reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. These efforts included the creation of seismic hazard and seismic risk indices that were used to quantify the potential destruction of individual building components or the entire building. This scholarly review article presents an in-depth analysis and concise summary of the primary techniques (including qualitative or empirical, quantitative, analytical, and experimental test methods) devised for appraising the seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete frame buildings, pre- and post-earthquake occurrences. It is a valuable reference for policymakers, engineers, researchers, and specialists engaged in earthquake risk mitigation efforts.
Social Trust and Support Networks: A Regional Analysis of Italy
Authors: Arnone Massimo , Leogrande Angelo , Drago Carlo , Costantiello Alberto
Published: September 2024

This research explores how regional socioeconomic variables affect the perception of social trust and support networks (PYCC) in Italian regions, and examines the implications for public policy designed to strengthen social cohesion. This study examines the variable "People You Can Count On" (PYCC) from the ISTAT-BES dataset, focusing on its distribution across Italian regions between 2013 and 2022. Using clustering through a k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient and the Elbow method, three distinct clusters of regions emerged, highlighting significant differences in social support networks. An econometric model was employed to estimate the PYCC variable, factoring in socioeconomic indicators such as employment rates, income inequality, and social participation. The results indicate a complex interplay between socioeconomic conditions and social trust, with regions in the South and Islands showing increased community support, while many Northern regions experienced declines. The study suggests that areas with lower economic conditions often foster stronger social networks, driven by necessity. These findings underline the importance of targeted public policies aimed at fostering social cohesion, particularly in regions facing economic challenges. Policy implications include enhancing education, supporting small enterprises, and promoting social housing and welfare initiatives. Strengthening community participation and volunteering are also highlighted as critical strategies to build resilient support networks. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into the regional disparities of social trust and the role of socioeconomic factors in shaping community support across Italy.
The Evolutionary Framework for Human-Machine Alignment
Authors: Vzorin Gleb
Published: September 2024

The rapid development of advanced AI technologies poses serious existential threats and necessitates research on safe and responsible Human-AI alignment. We hypothesize that the evolution of AI may be viewed not as something accidental or artificial, but as a natural part of the evolution of intelligence in living species. This perspective suggests a different view of the Human-AI relationship, where AI is not seen as a threat or a mere enhancement of humans, but as a mean of revealing and establishing true human nature — achieving greater freedom and self-determination. While in previous evolutionary stages, more freedom was attained through inculturation, AI can serve as a tool in the next stage by providing a direct connection between individuals and culture, overcoming the limitations of traditional cultural acquisition processes and giving rise to post-human free beings. A specific step-by-step framework rooted in cognitive evolution theories is proposed, along with potential directions for empirical research.
Distribution Characteristics of Trichiurus japonicus and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Central and Southern East China Sea and Yellow Sea
Authors: Shi Xinyu , Lu Zhanhu , Wang Zhongming , Li Jianxiong , Gao Xin , Kong Zhuang , Zhu Wenbin
Published: September 2024

Trichiurus japonicus is the most productive fish caught in our country. In order to understand the seasonal distribution of Trichiurus japonicus in the central and southern parts of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea, three species distribution models were adopted, namely Random Forest Model, K-nearest neighbor algorithm and gradient ascending decision Tree model, based on the data of trawling surveys in the central and southern parts of the East China Sea and Yellow Sea from 2008 to 2009. Combined with variance inflation factor and cross-check, the distribution model of Trichiurus japonicus was screened and constructed to analyze the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Trichiurus japonicus in the central and southern parts of the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. The results showed that the random forest model had the advantages of fitting effect and prediction ability among the three models. The analysis of this model showed that the water depth, bottom water temperature and surface salinity had a great influence on the habitat distribution of Trichiurus japonicus. The relative resources of Trichiurus japonicus increased with the increase of bottom water temperature and reached the maximum at 23.8℃, and first increased and then decreased with the increase of water depth and surface salinity, reaching the maximum at 72 m and 31.2‰, respectively. The random forest model was used to predict the spatial distribution of Trichiurus japonicus in the East China Sea and the central and southern Yellow Sea during 2008-2009, and the results showed that the predicted results were close to the actual situation. The research results can provide reference for the exploitation and protection of Trichiurus japonicus resources in the East China Sea and the central and southern Yellow Sea.
CFD Simulation of Dynamic Temperature Variations Induced by Tunnel Ventilation in a Broiler House
Authors: Choi Lak-yeong , Daniel Kehinde Favour , Lee Se-yeon , Lee Chae-rin , Park Ji-yeon , Park Jinseon , Hong and Se-woon
Published: September 2024

Maintaining the optimal microclimate in broiler houses is crucial for bird productivity, yet enabling efficient temperature control remains a significant challenge. This study developed and validated a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to predict temporal changes in indoor air temperature in response to variable ventilation operations in a commercial broiler house. The model accurately simulated air velocity and airflow distribution for different numbers of tunnel fans in operation, with air-velocity errors ranging from -0.22 to 0.32 m s-1. The predicted airflow rates through inlets and cooling pads showed good agreement with measured values with an accuracy of up to 108.1%. Additionally, the CFD model effectively predicted temperature dynamics, accounting for chicken heat production and ventilation effect. The model successfully predicted the longitudinal temperature gradients and their variations during ventilation cycles, validating its reliability through comparison with experimental data. The study also explored different variable inlet configurations to mitigate the temperature gradient. The variable inlet adjustment showed the potential to relieve the high temperatures but may reduce overall ventilation efficiency or intensify temperature gradients, which confirms the importance of optimising ventilation strategies. This CFD model provides a valuable tool for evaluating and improving ventilation systems and contributes to enhanced indoor microclimates and productivity in poultry houses.
COVID-19 Sequalae and Formation of Kidney Stone by Decrease in Mitochondrial Sulfur Metabolism Transsulfuration and Hyperuricemia during CKD
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C
Published: September 2024

Post severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19) sequalae’s, immune and RNA based treatments are associated with the development of micro-stones and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, circulating cytokines cocktail and viral envelope spike protein (SP) instigates CKD. During epigenetic regulation, Covid-19 methyltransferase (MT) methylates the DNA/RNA/Proteins/Histones and generates homocysteine (Hcy). Although cysteine promotes the growth and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in normal undiluted human urine. However, during elevated levels of Hcy (i.e., hyperhomocysteinemia, HHcy) due in part to the impaired transsulfuration (i.e., mitochondrial sulfur metabolism) pathways, homocysteine is the only sulfur-denoting non-protein amino acid may promote crystals. HHcy is associated with severity of Covid-19 infection and pneumonia post Covid-19. It is unclear however whether the HHcy facilitates homocysteine crystals. Although an E. coli strain degrades tricarboxylic acid (TCA, citric acid), and disrupts mitochondrial TCA cycle, to dicarboxylic acid (DCA, oxalic acid), DCA also promotes calcium oxalate crystals and may contributes to kidney stones, it is unclear whether gut-dysbiosis by Covid-19 infection contributes to kidney stones. There is robust succinylation of enzymes in TCA cycle which causes dysfunctional mitochondrial bioenergetics during Covid-19 infection. In this regards interaction between SIRT5 and mitochondrial transsulfuration during Covid-19 infection attenuates TCA cycle. Interestingly, the mitochondrial bioenergetics though sulfur metabolism participate in TCA cycle and epigenetic acetylation/succinylation, therefore, Covid-19 infection transition acute kidney injury (AKI) to CKD by defective mitochondria sulfur metabolism (transsulfuration) pathways, forming uricemia micro stones.
The Straight Proof To Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Subedi Sameer
Published: September 2024

This paper provides the straight proof for the Riemann Hypothesis.The proof has been formulated with the modified version of Riemann Xi function ξ(s) , that shows the relationship with upper incomplete gamma function.
An In Vitro Assay to Measure Astrocyte-Dependent Synaptic Phagocytosis in Health and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Vesga-Jimenez Diego Julian , Vivi Eugenia , Di Benedetto Barbara
Published: September 2024

Immunofluorescent methods in vitro have been widely used to characterize the distribution and extent of colocalization of molecules located in various intracellular compartments. These are key processes to better understand the role of those molecules in physiological and pathological conditions.In the brain, interactions of astrocytes with neurons are fundamental for the establishment and proper functioning of neuronal circuits. Among these, the phagocytosis of synapses that need to be removed is a process known as synaptic pruning. When this process is dysregulated, it might lead to the development of several brain disorders. Here, we describe the adaptation of a method to characterize the astrocyte-mediated synaptic phagocytosis and evaluate astrocytic (dys)functions in healthy cells and cells derived from an animal model of major depressive disorder (MDD).
The Current State of Digital Technologies for the Treatment and Management of PTSD- A Look into the Future of Psychiatry
Authors: Browning Liam , Rashid Imran , Javanbakht Arash
Published: September 2024

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to rapid growth in telemental health services and investment in digital mental health technologies. Digital mental health technologies could expand access to mental health care amid increasing provider deficit by providing tools for expedited psychiatric symptom assessment and treatment augmentation. This systematic review explores the recent evidence for the use of scalable digital tools, including virtual reality, neurofeedback training, wearables, mobile apps, digital phenotyping, and machine learning for PTSD symptom assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods: A PubMed search identified studies on digital technologies with current or future potential for scalability (accessible through a small, digital device without the virtual or in-person presence of a mental health care provider)–and PTSD diagnosis, symptom assessment, or symptom treatment as the primary outcome. Thirty-five studies inform this review. Results: Virtual reality exposure therapy is efficacious for combat-related PTSD treatment. Conclusions of studies investigating apps and neurofeedback training are limited by low sample size and methodological heterogeneity. Machine learning models demonstrate capability in detecting PTSD symptoms via passively collected data from smartphones, wearables, and actively collected data from patient speech, writing, and videos, but standardization of data collection and modeling are needed before application to clinical settings. Conclusions: Advancements in scalable digital tools could address barriers in healthcare access and improve patient engagement by providing asynchronous assessment and treatment augmentation. Future research utilizing diverse patient populations in standardized controlled trials is needed to determine evidence-based protocols for implementation.
Astrocyte Morphological Adaptations in a Mouse Model of Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Boi Laura , Menon Rohit , Di Benedetto Barbara
Published: September 2024

The social fear conditioning (SFC) paradigm, which is an animal model of social anxiety disorder, has been extensively used to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the psychopathology of this disorder. Studies using the SFC paradigm have suggested that the lateral septum plays a pivotal role in regulating social fear. While several lines of evidence have indicated the involvement of various neuronal mechanisms within the LS in modulating social fear, the role played by LS astrocytes in the tripartite synapses in regulating social fear expression is not yet fully understood. Over the years, astrocytes have emerged as key players in regulating synaptic transmission and a plethora of animal behaviors. Given their dynamic morphological and molecular response to various stimuli, studying astrocyte morphology remains an excellent tool for understanding their role in brain function and disease. By applying immunofluorescent-immunohistochemical methods, here we describe a protocol to characterize changes in the morphology of astrocytes in response to social fear acquisition using confocal microscopy.
Arahan Perencanaan Kawasan Wisata Alam Desa Padusan, Kabupaten Mojokerto
Authors: Briliana Febrina Nur Rahmi , Hayati Nunung Nuring , Listyawati Ratih Novi
Published: September 2024

Desa Padusan merupakan salah satu desa di Kabupaten Mojokerto yang direncanakan sebagai kawasan wisata alam unggulan. Perencanaan Desa Padusan tercantum pada Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) Kabupaten Mojokerto Tahun 2012–2032 sehingga kegiatan atau upaya perencanaan pariwisata harus berpedoman pada RTRW tersebut. Upaya mewujudkan Desa Padusan sebagai kawasan wisata alam unggulan Mojokerto ini tentunya memerlukan peran serta berbagai pihak, baik pengelola maupun pengunjung yang datang. Pengelola ini terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu pihak Dinas Kebudayaan, Pemuda Olahraga, dan Pariwisata Kabupaten Mojokerto serta masyarakat yang memiliki andil dalam perencanaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan arahan perencanaan yang tepat untuk prioritas pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Alam Desa Padusan. Prioritas pengembangan tersebut meliputi tempat duduk, toilet/MCK, pos kesehatan, penanda dan penunjuk arah, serta ketanggapan pengelola. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis triangulasi. Tahapan analisis dimulai dengan mengumpulkan data, baik sekunder maupun primer, yang kemudian data tersebut diolah dengan metode analisis sehingga dihasilkan arahan perencanaan sebagai hasil akhir dari penelitian. Dari data primer berupa komponen 5A pariwisata (attraction, accessibility, ancillary service, amenities, dan activities), dirumuskan arahan perencanaan dengan meninjau kajian pustaka. Perbedaan kondisi eksisting dengan standar dalam teori dan kebijakan menjadi dasar penyusunan arahan perencanaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalan arahan pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Alam Desa Padusan yang tepat, berupa peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas tempat duduk, penyediaan toilet sesuai standar, penyediaan poliklinik wisata 24 jam yang dilengkapi alat kesehatan dan tenaga ahli kesehatan, desain penanda dan penunjuk arah yang menarik dan jelas, serta peningkatan kerjasama antara pengelola.
Perencanaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Berbasis Ekologi dan Sosial di Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut, Kota Palembang
Authors: Muhammad Fadilla Rachmadani , Pratiwi Rian Adetiya , Hutriani Ina Winiastuti
Published: September 2024

Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut merupakan salah satu pemukiman padat penduduk di Kota Palembang dengan permasalahan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) yang tidak memenuhi standar dari kebutuhan ruang terbuka pada kawasan permukiman di area perkotaan. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi potensi dan permasalahan RTH di daerah permukiman Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut, (2) menganalisis RTH berdasarkan aspek ekologi dan sosial, dan (3) merencanakan rancangan RTH di Kampung 3-4 Ulu Laut berdasarkan aspek ekologi dan sosial. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif yang digunakan adalah analisis lahan dan SWOT. Metode kuantitatif yang digunakan adalah analisis kesesuaian lahan dan Indeks Hijau Biru Indonesia (IHBI). Berdasarkan hasil yang didapatkan dari perhitungan IHBI, RTH pada tapak mencapai 50% luasan total tapak. Jenis dan luasan tipologi RTH yang ada pada tapak adalah sempadan sungai (1,8 ha), sempadan pejalan kaki (0,6 ha), taman kelurahan (2,1 ha), taman RW (2,1 ha) dan taman RT (0,4 ha). Perencanaan lanskap RTH di tapak dilakukan berdasarkan kebutuhan ruang terbuka sebagai tempat beraktivitas sosial dengan memperhatikan ekologi sebagai ruang perkembangan ekosistem. Rencana pengembangan lanskap mengadaptasi konsep perencanaan kota urban acupuncture dan green links untuk menciptakan RTH sesuai dengan kebutuhan lingkungan dan masyarakat.
Kajian Kapasitas Masyarakat dalam Menghadapi Dampak Perubahan Iklim Berbasis Pendekatan Penghidupan Berkelanjutan di Wilayah Pesisir Kota Semarang
Authors: Rahmawati Dwi , Fariz Trida Ridho
Published: September 2024

Perubahan iklim membawa dampak yang nyata dalam kehidupan masyarakat. Bencana hidrometeorologi adalah dampak dari perubahan iklim yang terjadi di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan data yang dihimpun Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) dari 1 Januari hingga 31 Mei 2023 terdapat setidaknya 1.675 kejadian yang 99,1% didominasi oleh bencana hidrometeorologi. Dalam merespon bencana, masyarakat menggunakan kapasitas berupa sumber daya yang dimiliki dan dapat diakses.Kapasitas masyarakat dianalisis melalui pendekatan penghidupan berkelanjutan (sustainable livelihood approach), dengan mengidentifikasi lima sumber daya utama, yaitu alam, manusia, finansial, sosial, dan fisik. Wilayah Tugurejo RT 06 RW 1 dan RT 07 RW 5 menjadi area kunci karena memiliki potensi kebencanaan yang tinggi dan termasuk dalam permukiman kumuh menurut SK Walikota Semarang 050/275/2021. Area dipilih karena memiliki potensi kebencanaan paling tinggi di wilayah Kelurahan Tugurejo. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua wilayah memiliki skor yang relatif tinggi dalam hal sumber daya manusia dan sumber daya alam. Keduanya memiliki hasil homogen, yang dikarenakan terdapat kesamaan antara topografi, lingkungan fisik, dan aksesibilitas seperti fasilitas kesehatan yang menjadi aspek vital yang dapat memengaruhi aspek lain. Hasil kajian ini dapat digunakan secara efektif dalam menyusun RPPLH (Rencana Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup), membantu merumuskan kebijakan untuk memperkuat aksi lokal dalam adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim.
Pemaknaan Tempat Bagi Konsumen Rumah Makan di Kawasan Pesisir Makassar dan Sekitarnya
Authors: Muis Rita
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi karakteristik dan makna pengalaman makan di rumah makan di kawasan pesisir Makassar, Takalar, dan Gowa, dengan fokus pada bagaimana konsumen memandang dan mengevaluasi pengalaman makan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, dengan memanfaatkan wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung di rumah makan yang dipilih. Sebanyak 18 informan, yang mewakili latar belakang kelompok umur dan demografis yang beragam, diwawancarai untuk mengumpulkan data kualitatif. Data tersebut dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis data kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi tema dan pola dalam pemaknaan tempat oleh konsumen. Temuan utama mengungkapkan bahwa pengalaman makan di berbagai jenis rumah makan menawarkan karakteristik dan makna yang berbeda. Rumah makan Asia sering dianggap sebagai tempat untuk bersosialisasi, fungsional, dan nostalgia. Rumah makan Western dipandang sebagai tempat untuk bersosialisasi, pertemuan bisnis, simbolis, psiko-emosional, dan romantis. Sebaliknya, rumah makan lokal dipandang sebagai representasi identitas budaya, nostalgia, dan pilihan ekonomis. Kesimpulan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa makna tempat oleh konsumen sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis rumah makan dan konteks budaya lokal, yang dapat berkontribusi pada peningkatan pariwisata dan pengembangan ekonomi lokal.