bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Microstructural Development of Perovskite Crystallization for High Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Ma Yabin , Du Xinyi , Chen Ran , Zhang Lu , An Zhongwei , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , You Jiaxue , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: September 2023

Solution crystallization in film devices has attracted broad interest from various fields such as perovskite solar cells. However, the detailed perovskite crystallization kinetics remain unclear due to the difficulty of in situ observation of grain cluster growth during annealing. This article presents the development of an in situ laser scanning confocal polarized microscopy with a temperature‐controlled stage to observe nucleation and growth of perovskite crystal clusters. It is found that enhanced interactions by a liquid crystal with perovskite form a new intermediate complex that induces diffusion‐controlled growth according to Avrami equation. The retarded cluster growth (63 nm s−1) originates from enlarged diffusion activation energy 40 kJ mol−1 compared with 152 nm s−1 and 37 kJ mol−1 for the Control film during annealing. Finally, the optimized perovskite films with enhanced crystallographic and optical characteristics are applied in solar cells to achieve a champion efficiency of 24.53% with open circuit voltage of 1.172 V and fill factor of 82.78%. The bare device without any protection maintains 89% of its initial efficiency after 6600 h of aging in ambient environment. This work implies that the in situ observation using fluorescence microscopy is a critical for understanding of crystallization kinetics in film devices.
Unlocking the Potential of Li‐Rich Mn‐Based Oxides for High‐Rate Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Yali , Gao Chuan , Luo Tie , Song Jin , Yang Tonghuan , Wang Hangchao , Zhang Kun , Zuo Yuxuan , Xiao Wukun , Jiang Zewen , Chen Tao , Xia Dingguo
Published: September 2023

Lithium‐rich Mn‐based oxides have gained significant attention worldwide as potential cathode materials for the next generation of high‐energy density lithium‐ion batteries. Nonetheless, the inferior rate capability and voltage decay issues present formidable challenges. Here, a Li‐rich material equipped with quasi‐three‐dimensional (quasi‐3D) Li‐ion diffusion channels is initially synthesized by introducing twin structures with high Li‐ion diffusion coefficients into the crystal and constructing a “bridge” between different Li‐ion diffusion tunnels. The as‐prepared material exhibits monodispersed micron‐sized primary particles (MP), delivering a specific capacity of 303 mAh g−1at 0.1 C and an impressive capacity of 253 mAh g−1at 1 C. More importantly, the twin structure also serves as a “breakwater” to inhibit the migration of Mn ions and improve the overall structural stability, leading to cycling stability with 85% capacity retention at 1 C after 200 cycles. The proposed strategy of constructing quasi‐3D channels in the layered Li‐rich cathodes will open up new avenues for the research and development of other layered oxide cathodes, with potential applications in industry.
Astrocyte biomarkers GFAP and YKL‐40 mediate early Alzheimer's disease progression
Authors: Pelkmans Wiesje , Shekari Mahnaz , Brugulat‐Serrat Anna , Sánchez‐Benavides Gonzalo , Minguillón Carolina , Fauria Karine , Molinuevo Jose Luis , Grau‐Rivera Oriol , González Escalante Armand , Kollmorgen Gwendlyn , Carboni Margherita , Ashton Nicholas J. , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Suarez‐Calvet Marc , Gispert Juan Domingo ,   for the ALFA study
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

We studied how biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis mediate the pathogenic cascade in the earliest Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages.

METHODS

We performed path analysis on data from 384 cognitively unimpaired individuals from the ALzheimer and FAmilies (ALFA)+ study using structural equation modeling to quantify the relationships between biomarkers of reactive astrogliosis and the AD pathological cascade.

RESULTS

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ)42/40 was associated with Aβ aggregation on positron emission tomography (PET) and with CSF p‐tau181, which was in turn directly associated with CSF neurofilament light (NfL). Plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) mediated the relationship between CSF Aβ42/40 and Aβ‐PET, and CSF YKL‐40 partly explained the association between Aβ‐PET, p‐tau181, and NfL.

DISCUSSION

Our results suggest that reactive astrogliosis, as indicated by different fluid biomarkers, influences the pathogenic cascade during the preclinical stage of AD. While plasma GFAP mediates the early association between soluble and insoluble Aβ, CSF YKL‐40 mediates the latter association between Aβ and downstream Aβ‐induced tau pathology and tau‐induced neuronal injury.

Highlights

Lower CSF Aβ42/40 was directly linked to higher plasma GFAP concentrations.

Plasma GFAP partially explained the relationship between soluble Aβ and insoluble Aβ.

CSF YKL‐40 mediated Aβ‐induced tau phosphorylation and tau‐induced neuronal injury.
Orthogonal Olefination with Organogermanes
Authors: Dahiya Amit , Schoetz Markus D. , Schoenebeck Franziska
Published: September 2023

Reported herein is a fully orthogonal olefination, which involves the site‐ and E‐selective coupling of aryl germanes with alkenes, tolerating otherwise widely employed coupling handles such as aromatic (pseudo)halogens (C−I, C−Br, C−Cl, C−F, C−OTf, C−OSO2F), silanes and boronic acid derivatives as well as alternative functionalities. This unprecedented [Ge]‐based oxidative Heck coupling proceeds at room temperature with high speed (10 min to 2 hours) and operational simplicity owing to its base‐free and air‐tolerant features.
Cutaneous mastocytoma obscured by allergic contact dermatitis in an infant
Authors: Riva Hannah , Blegen Kristina , Tarbox Michelle
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

The diagnosis of solitary mastocytoma is usually made clinically, however, atypical presentations may obscure the diagnosis. We present a unique case of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma in an 11‐month‐old male initially misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis; the diagnosis was obscured due to the development of an allergic contact dermatitis most likely secondary to topical medications that were being applied to the lesion. The diagnosis of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma is made based on lesion morphology, Darier's sign, and lack of systemic involvement. Most solitary cutaneous mastocytomas resolve before puberty; symptomatic treatment and avoidance of triggers are mainstay therapy.
High‐Intensity Microwave‐Assisted Pyrolysis Liquid Subjected to Supercritical Fluid Extraction with Carbon Dioxide (Case Study: Bio‐phenol)
Authors: Phatthiya Atiphon , Jumrat Saysunee , Punvichai Teerasak , Karrila Seppo , Chotikhun Aujchariya , Pianroj Yutthapong
Published: September 2023

A crude bio‐oil from high‐intensity microwave‐assisted pyrolysis of oil palm shell was subjected to an attractive, environmentally friendly separation process, namely supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide (scCO2), to study the value‐added chemicals such as bio‐phenol. The operating parameters temperature and pressure were examined above the critical point of carbon dioxide. The yield of scCO2‐oil extract tended to increase significantly with these two parameters according to one‐way ANOVA. The extract yield was within 63.09–67.72 %. The scCO2‐oils were characterized for value‐added chemical components by GC‐MS and compared with the crude bio‐oil. Acids, as the dominant group of chemicals, were enriched by scCO2, and included dodecanoic acid, n‐hexadecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid. The thermal behavior of scCO2‐oil was studied by thermogravimetry. The production cost of bio‐phenol extracted from scCO2‐oil was estimated and compared with a commercial phenol product.
Chemical identification of microfossils from the 1.88‐Ga Gunflint chert: Towards empirical biosignatures using laser ablation ionization mass spectrometer
Authors: Lukmanov Rustam A. , Tulej Marek , Ligterink Niels F. W. , De Koning Coenraad , Riedo Andreas , Grimaudo Valentine , Neubeck Anna , Wacey David , Wurz Peter
Published: September 2023

The article from this special issue was previously published in Journal of Chemometrics, Volume 35, Issue 10, 2021. For completeness we are including the title page of the article below. The full text of the article can be read in Issue 35:10 on Wiley Online Library: https://doi.org/10.1002/cem.3370
Predicting Flush End‐Plate Connections Response Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Georgiou Gregory , Elkady Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Predicting the moment‐rotation response parameters of semi‐rigid steel connections can be challenging given the multitude of components that contribute to the connection's elastic and plastic deformations. This applies to the popular bolted flush end‐plate beam‐to‐column connections (FEPCs). The literature has highlighted the limitations of current analytical, mechanical, and empirical models in providing accurate predictions. Considering these limitations, the application of machine‐learning methods in structural engineering, such as artificial neural networks (ANN), have gained wide attention recently in addressing problems associated with complex structural deformation and damage phenomena. To that end, the superior nonlinearity of ANNs is employed herein in to predict the response characteristics of FEPCs. A dataset of more than 200 specimens, collected from past experimental programs, is utilized to train the ANN for predicting the elastic stiffness, plastic strength, and posy‐yield stiffness. The paper describes the deduction of response parameters from test data using data fitting, the determination of significant geometric and material features, the ANN architecture and algorithms, and the accuracy metrics of the new model.
Hybrid Coupled Walls with Replaceable Shear Links: Technical Solution and Seismic Performance of a 3D Multi‐Story Building
Authors: Vulcu Cristian , Hoffmeister Benno , Bimbli Dorina , Das Rajarshi , Degee Herve
Published: September 2023

As recent research findings evidenced a significant potential of the steel‐concrete hybrid coupled wall (HCW) systems, further research activities are still needed for addressing particular issues and for developing advancements in the analysis, design, and detailing. These aspects are currently being addressed within the ongoing European research project “HYCAD”, which also represents the research framework of the current study. This paper investigates through a set of nonlinear static and dynamic analyses the behavior and the seismic performance of a newly introduced steel‐concrete HCW system. In particular, a case‐study was carried out on a 3D multi‐story building structure with perimeter lateral load resisting frames, each composed of: (i) a HCW, i.e. a steel‐concrete composite wall coupled to steel columns through a set of replaceable steel shear links; (ii) a moment resisting frame (MRF). Beside a brief state of the art, a description of the research framework and the case‐study structural system, the current paper makes an overview of the following: (i) experimental program on components; (ii) proposed technical solution for connecting the replaceable dissipative shear links to the composite wall; (iii) experimental test set‐up; (iv) response of the shear links based on pretest FE investigations; (v) seismic demand in terms of rotation for the shear links.
Cold‐formed steel T‐joints with semi‐oval hollow section chord: Experimental insight and finite element modelling
Authors: Oeng Pouykang , Chen Man‐Tai , Young Ben
Published: September 2023

Experimental study and finite element modelling of cold‐formed steel T‐joints with semi‐oval hollow section (SOHS) chord are presented. The rectangular or square hollow section (RHS/SHS) brace was welded to the flat flange of SOHS chord by robotic gas metal arc welding. Twelve SOHS T‐joints with brace‐to‐chord width ratio β from 0.29 to 0.89 were tested with the chord simply supported and the brace axially compressed. The joint strengths, failure modes and load‐deformation responses are discussed. The feasibility of the current design provisions in the CIDECT and Eurocode 3 initially developed for RHS T‐joints was examined. Generally, the predictions by these design methods are quite conservative for T‐joints with cold‐formed steel SOHS chord. In addition, a finite element model was developed to simulate the cold‐formed steel T‐joints with semi‐oval hollow section chord. Details of numerical model, including element type and mesh size as well as heat affected zone and cold‐working effect considerations, are described. The model was verified against the test results in terms of joint strength and load‐deformation response.
Initial Quenching Efficiency Determines Light‐Driven H2 Evolution of [Mo3S13]2− in Lipid Bilayers
Authors: Abbas Amir , Oswald Eva , Romer Jan , Lenzer Anja , Heiland Magdalena , Streb Carsten , Kranz Christine , Pannwitz Andrea
Published: September 2023

Nature uses reactive components embedded in biological membranes to perform light‐driven photosynthesis. Here, a model artificial photosynthetic system for light‐driven hydrogen (H2) evolution is reported. The system is based on liposomes where amphiphilic ruthenium trisbipyridine based photosensitizer (RuC9) and the H2 evolution reaction (HER) catalyst [Mo3S13]2− are embedded in biomimetic phospholipid membranes. When DMPC was used as the main lipid of these light‐active liposomes, increased catalytic activity (TONCAT ~200) was observed compared to purely aqueous conditions. Although all tested lipid matrixes, including DMPC, DOPG, DPPC and DOPG liposomes provided similar liposomal structures according to TEM analysis, only DMPC yielded high H2 amounts. In situ scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) measurements using Pd microsensors revealed an induction period of around 26 minutes prior to H2 evolution, indicating an activation mechanism which might be induced by the fluid‐gel phase transition of DMPC at room temperature. Stern‐Volmer‐type quenching studies revealed that electron transfer dynamics from the excited state photosensitizer are most efficient in the DMPC lipid environment giving insight for design of artificial photosynthetic systems using lipid bilayer membranes.
Synergistic Effect of Nitrogen/Phosphorus Co‐Doping and Molybdenum Carbide Induced Electron Redistribution of Carbon Layer to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Reaction†
Authors: Xiao Jiamin , Li Peng , Sun Yanyan , Liu Heng , Khan Javid , Zhang Handong , Zhou Han , Su Yaqiong , Wang Shuangyin , Han Lei
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The development of highly efficient non‐precious‐metal‐based electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction is imperative for promoting the large‐scale application of electrochemical water splitting. Herein, nitrogen/phosphorus co‐doped carbon nanorods encapsulated Mo2C nanoparticles (Mo2C@PNC) have been prepared by pre‐phosphating treatment in combination of the coordination with polydopamine and the subsequent pyrolysis. The phosphating temperature has a significant effect on the content of phosphorus within the resultant Mo2C@PNC, and the optimal catalyst delivers superior HER activity with the low overpotential of 104 mV at a current density of 10 mA·cm–2 and good stability for 8 h, which has been theoretically demonstrated to originate from the synergistic effect between P doping and Mo2C induced electron redistribution of nitrogen‐doped carbon layer.
Personalized lifetime prediction of survival and treatment benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: The LIFE‐HF model
Authors: Burger Pascal M. , Savarese Gianluigi , Tromp Jasper , Adamson Carly , Jhund Pardeep S. , Benson Lina , Hage Camilla , Tay Wan Ting , Solomon Scott D. , Packer Milton , Rossello Xavier , McEvoy John W. , De Bacquer Dirk , Timmis Adam , Vardas Panos , Graham Ian M. , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Visseren Frank L.J. , McMurray John J.V. , Lam Carolyn S.P. , Lund Lars H. , Koudstaal Stefan , Dorresteijn Jannick A.N. , Mosterd Arend ,   in collaboration with the European Society of Cardiology's Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration (ESC CRC)
Published: September 2023

Aims

Although trials have proven the group‐level effectiveness of various therapies for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), important differences in absolute effectiveness exist between individuals. We developed and validated the LIFEtime‐perspective for Heart Failure (LIFE‐HF) model for the prediction of individual (lifetime) risk and treatment benefit in patients with HFrEF.

Methods and results

Cox proportional hazards functions with age as the time scale were developed in the PARADIGM‐HF and ATMOSPHERE trials (n = 15 415). Outcomes were cardiovascular death, heart failure (HF) hospitalization or cardiovascular death, and non‐cardiovascular mortality. Predictors were age, sex, New York Heart Association class, prior HF hospitalization, diabetes mellitus, extracardiac vascular disease, systolic blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide, and glomerular filtration rate. The functions were combined in life‐tables to predict individual overall and HF hospitalization‐free survival. External validation was performed in the SwedeHF registry, ASIAN‐HF registry, and DAPA‐HF trial (n = 51 286). Calibration of 2‐ to 10‐year risk was adequate, and c‐statistics were 0.65–0.74. An interactive tool was developed combining the model with hazard ratios from trials to allow estimation of an individual's (lifetime) risk and treatment benefit in clinical practice. Applying the tool to the development cohort, combined treatment with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, and angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor was estimated to afford a median of 2.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 1.7–3.7) and 3.7 (IQR 2.4–5.5) additional years of overall and HF hospitalization‐free survival, respectively.

Conclusion

The LIFE‐HF model enables estimation of lifelong overall and HF hospitalization‐free survival, and (lifetime) treatment benefit for individual patients with HFrEF. It could serve as a tool to improve the management of HFrEF by facilitating personalized medicine and shared decision‐making.
Exploration of Metal‐Metal Charge Transfer (MMCT) and its Effect in Generating New Colored Compounds in Mixed Metal Oxides
Authors: Shanmugapriya Indrani. G. , Mukherjee Supratik , Muñoz Alfonso , Vaitheeswaran Ganapathy , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: September 2023

Compounds belonging to the palmierite structure, (Zn3−xMx)A2O8 (M=Co, Ni, Cu and A=V, P) have been prepared employing solid state methods. The transition metal substituted compounds of Zn3V2O8 exhibits colors that are unique varying from mint green to forest green for Co2+ ions. The observed colors were understood based on the allowed d‐d transitions and metal to metal charge transfer (MMCT) transitions. The MMCT transitions involve partially filled d‐orbitals of Co2+ (3d7), Ni2+ (3d8), and Cu2+ (3d9) ions and the V5+ ions (3d0). The spinel compounds, Zn2−xCoxMO4 (M=Ti, Sn) were also prepared to understand the MMCT transitions in the compounds. Band structure calculations were carried out to understand the participating orbitals near the Fermi level and the band gap. The calculations support the idea that the substitution of transition elements in the palmierite structure reduces the overall band gap from 3.18 eV for Zn3V2O8 to 2.61 eV Zn2.5Co0.5V2O8 compound. This indicates the substitution of transition elements provide a tool towards band gap engineering.
Cross‐Electrophile Coupling between Two Different Tosylates Enabled by Nickel/Palladium Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Qu Ruiling , Zhang Jinyu , Lian Zhong
Published: September 2023

Cross‐electrophile coupling reactions are efficient for the construction of carbon‐carbon bonds under relatively mild conditions, and hence widely used for making new molecules. Among various electrophiles, the cross‐electrophile coupling reaction between two different tosylates has been rarely studied. Herein, we present a cross‐electrophile coupling of gem‐difluoroalkenyl tosylate (C(sp2)−OTs) and α‐CF3 benzyl tosylate (C(sp3)−OTs) by nickel/palladium cooperative catalysis. Mechanistic investigation indicated that the activation of C(sp2)−OTs bond and C(sp3)−OTs bond was facilitated by nickel and palladium respectively.
Effect of CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio in synthesis of micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 composite and its application in 5‐EMF (biofuel additive) formation
Authors: Manal Prajakta N. , Niphadkar Prashant S. , Nandanwar Sachin U. , Bokade Vijay V.
Published: September 2023

Synthesis of micro‐mesoporous zeolite composite with optimum micro and mesoporosity is an emerging research area due to its wide applications, especially in bulk chemical or biomass transformations. It offers advantages in preserving zeolite crystallinity, creating mesoporosity and converting bulky molecules into valuable products. This work presents the process of preparing bimodal micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 using dual templates (CTMABr and TPABr). XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, 29Si, and 27Al NMR were used to analyze the two‐dimensional micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5. One‐step synthesis of bimodal micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 features dual micro/mesoporosity by a marginal decrease in the crystallinity (71%). Micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 composite was found to be dependent on the optimum CTMABr/SiO2 molar ratio of 0.04 to 0.06. The micro‐mesoporous ZSM‐5 zeolite composite was evaluated for cascade synthesis of 5‐EMF (methoxymethyl furfural‐ biofuel additive) from fructose and exhibited a five fold increase in 5‐EMF yield to 24.2% as compared with parent ZSM‐5 (4.6%).
Evolution trend analysis of carbon emissions in light industrial parks: A system dynamics approach
Authors: Zhang Weiguo , Lin Huijie , Zhu Qing , Gan Haiqing , Ren Yucheng , Yang Ziyue
Published: September 2023

The industrial sector is China's major element of energy consumption and carbon emissions, and carbon emissions reduction in industrial parks has become an important foothold in carbon reduction work. Predicting the future evolution trend of carbon emissions in industrial parks under different policy orientations is of great significance for China to achieve the carbon emissions peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Based on the current status of electricity consumption and carbon emissions in industrial parks, this paper takes a light industrial park as the research object, analyzes the source of carbon emissions in this park, combines the characteristics of resource endowment and industrial structure, and considers the factors influencing society, load curve, energy supply and carbon sink, thus constructing a system dynamics model of carbon emission evolution for this park. Different influencing factors are selected to set multiple target scenarios, and the GDP, carbon emissions, carbon emissions reduction and near‐zero carbon evaluation coefficient of light industrial parks are used as characterization indicators for simulation analysis. The analysis results revealed that the comprehensive scenario set by increasing the maximum installed capacity of renewable energy units and raising the proportions of environmental and science and technology inputs while adjusting the industrial growth rate of the park performed best. In this scenario, the economic development of the park and the process of carbon emissions reduction are considered.
Improved deep learning based multi‐index comprehensive evaluation system for the research on accuracy and real‐time performance of coal gangue particles recognition
Authors: Zhang Yao , Yang Yang , Zeng Qingliang
Published: September 2023

The problems of insufficient recognition accuracy, poor real‐time performance and lack of consideration of actual working conditions in the process of intelligent construction of coal mines make this technology still in the research stage and not applied in practical engineering. The purpose of this paper is to establish an accurate and real‐time recognition model, which can quickly distinguish the vibration acceleration signals of coal and gangue under the influence of external factors such as impact position, velocity, and direction by using the different physical properties of coal and gangue particles. Therefore, the accuracy and real‐time of coal gangue recognition model established by different convolutional neural networks (CNN) structures and different position signal input are studied. First, to meet the real‐time requirements, an original CNN recognition model composed of single convolution layer and single pooling layer is established, and the data collected by seven sensors are input in the form of two‐dimensional matrix. However, the stability of the training and test results is insufficient. To solve this problem, once improved CNN (OI‐CNN) recognition model with multiconvolution layers and multipooling layers is built by deepening the network. The experimental results show that the stability and accuracy are improved, but the real‐time performance is poor. Furthermore, through parameter adjustment, the OI‐CNN is changed to the twice improved CNN (TI‐CNN), and the sensor data at different positions are input in the form of one‐dimensional vectors. The results show that the accuracy and real‐time performance of the TI‐CNN coal gangue recognition model are further improved. Finally, according to the research purpose of this paper, the weights of CNN indexes are given, and a multi‐index comprehensive evaluation system (MICES) is established. With the original CNN recognition model as the control, the OI‐CNN recognition model and the TI‐CNN recognition model at different positions are quantitatively compared to obtain the comprehensive evaluation scores of each model. The results show that the MICES of the coal gangue recognition model established based on the TI‐CNN structure and the data input of a single position sensor is the highest, while the sensor position has little effect on the recognition results.
The expression of lncRNAs CASC2, NEAT1, LINC00299 in breast cancer tissues and their relationship with the XBP1 splicing rate in Iranian patients during 2014–2019: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Orak Ghazal , Rezaei Hossein Babaahmadi , Ameli Fereshteh , Maghsoodi Fatemeh , Cheraghzade Maryam , Adelipour Maryam
Published: September 2023

Background and Aims

Breast cancer is a leading cause of incidence and mortality in women globally. Identifying new molecular markers can aid in cancer diagnosis, targeted therapy, and treatment monitoring. This study aimed to measure the expression of the X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1) gene, an index of the unfolded protein response (UPR), and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including Nuclear Enriched Abundant Transcript 1 (NEAT1), Cancer Susceptibility Candidate 2 (CASC2), and Long Intergenic Nonprotein Coding RNA 299 (LINC00299), as possible regulators of the UPR pathway.

Methods

Total RNA was extracted from 40 samples of breast tumor tissues and their respective controls. The expression level of lncRNAs CASC2, NEAT1, and LINC00299 was quantified using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The ratio of the spliced form of XBP1 to its unspliced form (XBP1u) was determined by PCR and electrophoresis.

Results

The results showed a 2.8‐fold increase in the ratio of XBP1s/u in breast cancer tissues compared to adjacent nonmalignant samples (p < 0.05). Additionally, the level of lncRNAs NEAT1, CASC2, and LINC00299 in breast tumor tissues increased significantly by twofold, 1.5‐fold, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, compared to adjacent nonmalignant samples (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Based on the association between the expression of lncRNAs CASC2, LINC00299, and NEAT1 and the XBP1s/u ratio, these lncRNAs could be potential regulators of the UPR pathway. Also, CASC2 and NEAT1 genes could be suggested as suitable biomarkers to distinguish cancerous tissue from noncancerous breast tissue due to their significant increase in expression in cancerous samples compared to adjacent noncancerous.
Molecular network mechanism of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules in treating intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Liu Ke‐Qian , Bai Xue , Chen Ji‐Lin , Chen Guo‐Jiao , Ameen Jamal Muhammad , He Yu‐Qi
Published: September 2023

We aim to explore the pharmacological efficacy and molecular network mechanism of Shexiang Huayu Xingnao granules (SX granules) in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) based on experiments and network pharmacology. After the ICH model establishment, the behavioral functions of rats were assessed by the modified neurological severity score (mNSS), the wire suspension test, and the rotarod test. Brain histomorphological changes were observed using 2,3,5‐triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC), hematoxylin–eosin (HE), Nissl, and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) combined with neuronal nuclear (NEUN) immunofluorescence staining. The cross‐targets of SX granules and ICH were obtained using network pharmacology, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway analysis were performed. Then, the obtained Hub genes were verified using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR). The mNSS score was reduced and the duration to remain wire suspended increased in the SX group. In the morphological experiment, SX granules reduced brain tissue damage, neuronal apoptosis, and the number of astrocytes in the ICH rats. Moreover, 607 targets of drug–disease intersection were obtained by network pharmacology, and 10 Hub genes were found. SX granules regulated the expression of HRAS, MAPK3, and STAT3 in ICH condition. In conclusion, SX granules improved behavioral dysfunction, abnormal alterations in brain tissue, and cell morphology in ICH rats, and potential molecular mechanism was linked with the expression of multiple genes.
Limited Sampling Strategies for Estimating Busulfan Area Under the Concentration–Time Curve: Based on Peak and Trough Concentrations in Saliva
Authors: Xu Baohua , Zhou Jianxing , Zheng You , Xu Ruichao , Liu Qingxia , Li Dandan , Liu Maobai , Wu Xuemei
Published: September 2023

Therapeutic drug monitoring for busulfan is currently performed by multiple plasma sampling. Saliva is considered a noninvasive therapeutic drug monitoring matrix. This study aimed to investigate intravenous busulfan pharmacokinetics (PK) in plasma and saliva, and establish a limited sampling strategy (LSS) for predicting the area under the concentration–time curve from time zero to infinity in plasma (AUC0‐∞,p) by using saliva samples. Therefore, the PK of busulfan was studied in 37 Chinese patients. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the AUC of busulfan in plasma and saliva. LSS models were established by the multiple linear regression analysis. The prediction error, the mean prediction error, and the root mean square error were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy. The agreement between the predicted and observed AUC0‐∞ in saliva was investigated by the intraclass correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analysis. The accuracy and robustness of the models were evaluated by using the bootstrap procedure. The result of PK analysis 62.2% of patients (23/37) was within the target range of AUC0‐∞,p. A good correlation between saliva and plasma busulfan AUC0‐∞ was observed (r = 0.63, p < .01). The bias and precision of the models 7 and 13 were less than 15%. The intraclass correlation coefficient exceeded 0.9, and the limits of agreement were within ±15%. The 2‐point LSS model in saliva is a convenient and desirable approach to predict the AUC0‐∞ of 4 times daily intravenous busulfan in plasma, which can be used to design personalized dosing for busulfan.
Higher circulating vitamin B12 is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in naturally aged mice
Authors: Domínguez‐López Inés , Kovatcheva Marta , Casas Rosa , Toledo Estefanía , Fitó Montserrat , Ros Emilio , Estruch Ramon , Serrano Manuel , Lamuela‐Raventós Rosa M.
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that is involved in numerous physiological processes, and its deficiency can lead to various complications, including neurological and haematological disorders. Some studies have suggested that vitamin B12 may have anti‐inflammatory effects, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not yet fully understood. We investigated the relationship between circulating vitamin B12 and inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)‐6 and C‐reactive protein (CRP). The association of peripheral levels of vitamin B12 with IL‐6 and CRP was assessed in 136 human samples from a high cardiovascular risk population. To corroborate the results from the human trial, the analysis was replicated in naturally aged mice.

RESULTS

Individuals with higher serum levels of vitamin B12 showed lower concentrations of IL‐6 and CRP after adjustment for potential confounders, and an inverse association was also found between serum IL‐6 and vitamin B12 levels in naturally aged mice.

CONCLUSION

Circulating vitamin B12 was inversely associated with IL‐6 and CRP in humans and with IL‐6 in mice, suggesting that it may exert an anti‐inflammatory effect through modulation of these pro‐inflammatory molecules. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prediction of nonsentinel lymph node metastasis in acral melanoma with positive sentinel lymph nodes
Authors: Lin XinYi , Sun Wei , Ren Min , Xu Yu , Wang ChunMeng , Yan WangJun , Kong YunYi , Balch Charles M. , Chen Yong
Published: September 2023

Background

Metastasis in a nonsentinel lymph node (non‐SLN) is an unfavorable independent prognostic factor in cutaneous melanoma (CM). Recent data did suggest potential value of completion lymph node dissection (CLND) in CM patients with non‐SLN metastasis. Prediction of non‐SLN metastasis assists clinicians in deciding on adjuvant therapy without CLND. We analyzed risk factors and developed a prediction model for non‐SLN status in acral melanoma (AM).

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled 656 cases of melanoma who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from 2009 to 2017. We identified 81 SLN + AM patients who underwent CLND. Clinicopathologic data, including SLN tumor burden and non‐SLN status were examined with Cox and Logistics regression models.

Results

Ulceration, Clark level, number of deposits in the SLN (NumDep) and maximum size of deposits (MaxSize) are independent risk factors associated with non‐SLN metastases. We developed a scoring system that combines ulceration, the cutoff values of Clark level V, MaxSize of 2 mm, and NumDep of 5 to predict non‐SLN metastasis with an efficiency of 85.2% and 100% positive predictive value in the high‐rank group (scores of 17–24).

Conclusions

A scoring system that included ulceration, Clark level, MaxSize, and NumDep is reliable and effective for predicting non‐SLN metastasis in SLN‐positive AM.
Diagnosis of cognitive and motor disorders levels in stroke patients through explainable machine learning based on MRI
Authors: Wang Meng , Lin Yi , Gu Feifei , Xing Wenyu , Li Boyi , Jiang Xue , Liu Chengcheng , Li Dan , Li Ying , Wu Yi , Ta Dean
Published: September 2023

Background

Globally, stroke is the third most significant cause of disability. A stroke may produce motor, sensory, perceptual, or cognitive disorders that result in disability and affect the likelihood of recovery, affecting a person's ability to function. Evaluation post‐stroke is critical for optimal stroke care.

Purpose

Traditional methods for classifying the clinical disorders of cognitive and motor in stroke patients use assessment and interrogative measures, which are time‐consuming, complex, and labor‐intensive. In response to the current situation, this study develops an algorithm to automatically classify motor and cognitive disorders in stroke patients by 3D brain MRI to assist physicians in diagnosis.

Methods

First, radiomics and fusion features are extracted from the OAx T2 Propeller of 3D brain MRI. Then, we use 14 machine learning models and one model ensemble method to predict Fugl‐Meyer and MMSE levels of stroke patients. Next, we evaluate the models using accuracy, recall, f1‐score, and area under the curve (AUC). Finally, we employ SHAP to explain the output of the model.

Results

The best predictive models come from Random Forest (RF) Classifier with fusion features in cognitive classification and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) with radiomics features in motor classification. The highest accuracies are 92.0 and 82.5% for cognitive and motor disorders.

Conclusions

MRI brain maps can classify the cognitive and motor disorders of stroke patients. Radiomics features demonstrate its merits. The proposed algorithms with MRI images can efficiently assist physicians in diagnosing the cognitive and motor disorders of stroke patients in clinical practice. Additionally, this lessens labor costs, improves diagnostic effectiveness, and avoids the subjective difference that comes with manual assessment.
Functional‐preserving predictor‐corrector multiderivative schemes
Authors: Ranocha Hendrik , Schütz Jochen , Theodosiou Eleni
Published: September 2023

In this work, we develop a class of high‐order multiderivative time integration methods that is able to preserve certain functionals discretely. Important ingredients are the recently developed Hermite‐Birkhoff‐Predictor‐Corrector (HBPC) methods and the technique of relaxation for numerical methods of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We explain the algorithm in detail and show numerical results for two‐ and three‐derivative methods, comparing relaxed and unrelaxed methods. The numerical results demonstrate that, at the slight cost of the relaxation, an improved scheme is obtained.
Modelling the post‐buckling behaviour of steel sheets under induction heating
Authors: Filkin Vladimir , Vetyukov Yury , Heinrich Ben , Toth Florian
Published: September 2023

Induction heating has many engineering applications. To accurately describe the induction heating process of thin steel sheets one needs to account for their mechanical deformation. This might strongly affect the magnetic configuration since thin sheets are prone to thermal buckling, leading to large supercritical deformations. We suggest a modelling strategy combining a computationally highly efficient structural mechanical shell description for the thin sheet with a standard continuum model for eddy current and thermal problems through an iterative coupling algorithm. All benchmark problems are solved numerically using the finite element method.
CYP2D6‐guided opioid therapy for adults with cancer pain: A randomized implementation clinical trial
Authors: Mosley Scott A. , Cicali Emily , Del Cueto Alex , Portman Diane G. , Donovan Kristine A. , Gong Yan , Langaee Taimour , Gopalan Priya , Schmit Jessica , Starr Jason S. , Silver Natalie , Chang Young D. , Rajasekhara Sahana , Smith Joshua E. , Soares Heloisa P. , Clare‐Salzler Michael , Starostik Petr , George Thomas J. , McLeod Howard L. , Fillingim Roger B. , Hicks J. Kevin , Cavallari Larisa H.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The CYP2D6 enzyme metabolizes opioids commonly prescribed for cancer‐related pain, and CYP2D6 polymorphisms may contribute to variability in opioid response. We evaluated the feasibility of implementing CYP2D6‐guided opioid prescribing for patients with cancer and reported pilot outcome data.

Methods

Adult patients from two cancer centers were prospectively enrolled into a hybrid implementation‐effectiveness clinical trial and randomized to CYP2D6‐genotype‐guided opioid selection, with clinical recommendations, or usual care. Implementation metrics, including provider response, medication changes consistent with recommendations, and patient‐reported pain and symptom scores at baseline and up to 8 weeks, were assessed.

Results

Most (87/114, 76%) patients approached for the study agreed to participate. Of 85 patients randomized, 71% were prescribed oxycodone at baseline. The median (range) time to receive CYP2D6 test results was 10 (3–37) days; 24% of patients had physicians acknowledge genotype results in a clinic note. Among patients with CYP2D6‐genotype‐guided recommendations to change therapy (n = 11), 18% had a change congruent with recommendations. Among patients who completed baseline and follow‐up questionnaires (n = 48), there was no difference in change in mean composite pain score (−1.01 ± 2.1 vs. −0.41 ± 2.5; p = 0.19) or symptom severity at last follow‐up (3.96 ± 2.18 vs. 3.47 ± 1.78; p = 0.63) between the usual care arm (n = 26) and genotype‐guided arm (n = 22), respectively.

Conclusion

Our study revealed high acceptance of pharmacogenetic testing as part of a clinical trial among patients with cancer pain. However, provider response to genotype‐guided recommendations was low, impacting assessment of pain‐related outcomes. Addressing barriers to utility of pharmacogenetics results and clinical recommendations will be critical for implementation success.
Environmental risk factors for respiratory infection and wheeze in young children: A multicentre birth cohort study
Authors: Ruffles Tom , Inglis Sarah K. , Memon Anjum , Seddon Paul , Basu Kaninika , Bremner Stephen A. , Rabe Heike , Tavendale Roger , Palmer Colin N. A. , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Fidler Katy J.
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Respiratory infections and wheeze have a considerable impact on the health of young children and consume significant healthcare resources. We aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on respiratory infections and symptoms in early childhood.

Methods

Environmental risk factors including: daycare attendance; breastfeeding; siblings; damp within the home; environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); child's bedroom flooring; animal exposure; road traffic density around child's home; and solid fuel pollution within home were assessed in children recruited to the GO‐CHILD multicentre prospective birth cohort study. Follow‐up information on respiratory infections (bronchiolitis, pneumonia, otitis media and cold or flu), wheeze and cough symptoms, healthcare utilisation and medication prescription was collected by postal questionnaires at 12 and 24 months. Log binomial and ordered logistic regression models were fitted to the data.

Results

Follow‐up was obtained on 1344 children. Daycare was associated with increased odds of pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04−5.49), bronchiolitis (OR = 1.40, 1.02−1.90), otitis media (OR = 1.68, 1.32−2.14) and emergency department attendance for wheeze (RR = 1.81, 1.17−2.80). Breastfeeding beyond 6 months was associated with a reduced odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 0.55, 0.39−0.77) and otitis media (OR = 0.75, 0.59−0.99). Siblings at home was associated with an increased odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 1.65, 1.18−2.32) and risk of reliever inhaler prescription (RR = 1.37, 1.02−1.85). Visible damp was associated with an increased odds of wheeze (OR = 1.85, 1.11−3.19), and risk of reliever inhaler (RR = 1.73, 1.04−2.89) and inhaled corticosteroid prescription (RR = 2.61, 1.03−6.59). ETS exposure was associated with an increased odds of primary care attendance for cough or wheeze (OR = 1.52, 1.11−2.08). Dense traffic around the child's home was associated with an increased odds of bronchiolitis (OR = 1.32, 1.08−2.29).

Conclusion

Environmental factors likely influence the wide variation in infection frequency and symptoms observed in early childhood. Larger population studies are necessary to further inform and guide public health policy to decrease the burden of respiratory infections and wheeze in young children.
Clinical utility of the prognostic nutritional index in patients with metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer: A retrospective, multicenter, cohort study
Authors: Yamada Yasutaka , Sakamoto Shinichi , Sato Kodai , Saito Shinpei , Kanesaka Manato , Rii Junryo , Kurokawa Koichiro , Tachiwaki Daisuke , Fukui Yudai , Shibata Hiroki , Goto Yusuke , Sazuka Tomokazu , Imamura Yusuke , Nakatsu Hiroomi , Ichikawa Tomohiko
Published: September 2023

Background

The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) based on the serum albumin level and the lymphocyte count has been investigated as a prognostic factor in patients with malignant tumors. However, it has been poorly studied in prostate cancer (PCa), and little is known about its clinical utility.

Methods

Clinical data of 353 patients with de novo, metastatic, hormone‐sensitive PCa (mHSPC) who received androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were obtained from multiple institutions between 2000 and 2019. The impacts of the pretreatment PNI level on treatment response and survival, together with clinical parameters, were examined. The Mann−Whitney U test, Cox proportional hazards models, and Kaplan−Meier methods were used to evaluate significance.

Results

The median age and initial prostate‐specific antigen level were 73 and 266.18 ng/mL, respectively. Patients with a low PNI had shorter progression‐free survival (PFS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, low PNI was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.0027, HR = 1.65), as well as advanced age (p = 0.049, HR = 1.38), the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group (GG) 5 (p = 0.0027, HR = 1.69), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p < 0.0001, HR = 2.08). A propensity score‐matching analysis showed that the PNI level remained a significant prognostic biomarker for PFS (p = 0.0263), CSS (p = 0.0006), and OS (p = 0.0015). Furthermore, a novel risk classification using PNI, LDH, and the ISUP GG was established to stratify patients' prognosis. An increase in the number of risk factors was significantly correlated with poor outcomes.

Conclusions

A low pretreatment PNI might be an effective biomarker of poor treatment response and survival in patients with mHSPC undergoing ADT.
Erythematous Plaques on the Bilateral Dorsal Hands
Authors: Fardos Mohammad , Cooper Benjamin R. , Holt Sara , Esguerra David
Published: September 2023

Neutrophilic dermatosis of the dorsal hands is a rare cutaneous disorder characterized by the sudden onset of painful, haemorrhagic, and pustular bullae with violaceous rims on the dorsal aspects of the hands. Here we present a 61-year old male with a 1-week history of tender, haemorrhagic, and pustular bullae on both dorsal hands, evolving into ulcerative plaques with haemorrhagic crusting over 5 days. A 4 mm lesional punch biopsy revealed a diffuse dermal infiltrate of numerous neutrophils intermixed with lymphocytes and histiocytes, along with epidermal spongiosis and neutrophilic exocytosis. No leukocytoclastic vasculitis was identified. The provided images document the progression of this rare inflammatory process. Understanding such cases is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.