bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia with Interferon Alpha-2b
Authors: Siddiqui Zahid Kamal , Ahmad Farooq , Huma Farah , Tarar Shahid , Yaqoob Amir
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To study the efficacy and safety and of Interferon (IFN) alpha 2b for Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN).

Study Design: Non - Comparative Interventional Study.

Place of Study:  Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore General Hospital, Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Duration of Study: study was conducted between the period of October 2010 to August 2016.

Material and methods: Patients with suspected conjunctival growth underwent incisional biopsy after admission from out patient department. After confirming the diagnosis of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia (OSSN), on Histopathology, case was inducted in the study. Intralesional / peri-lesional Interferon(IFN)  Alpha-2b was given to the patients weekly along with interferon Alpha-2b topical drops four times daily, for Three 03 months. These patients were followed in Out Patient Department of respective hospitals and examined. For resolution or recurrence of lesion for at least three (03) months. And final results were compiled.

Results: Study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore, Armed Force institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi and Lahore General Hospital, Lahore.  Total Sample size of 90 (Ninety) Patients is estimated by using 95% confidence level, 10% absolute precision with expected percentage of Ocular surface squamous neoplasia as 91.6%.

 

 n= (Z1-α/2)2 X P X q / d2

Z1-α2 = Confidence level 95% = 1.96

P = Prevalence 91.6%

q= 1-P

d= Absolute precision 10%

 

Out of these Twenty-nine, 29 were females and Fifty Nine, 59 were male patients. Non-Probability consecutive sampling was done. All patients tolerated and responded well to the treatment. There was recurrence in Eight 8 eyes.

Conclusion: For the management of Ocular surface squamous Neoplasia IFN alpha 2 b is safe and effective choice with low recurrence rates.
Frequency of Hepatitis C in Patients Undergoing Ophthalmic Surgeries; A Multicenter Study
Authors: Sadiq M. Ali A. , Naeem Faiqa Jabeen , Ali Mehreen Usman , Tayyab Haroon , Jamshed Saima , Malik Irfan Qayyum , Qamar Hafiz Muhammad , Hanif Ayesha
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To find the frequency of Hepatitis C in tertiary care hospitals in Gujranwala and Lahore.Study Design: Cross sectional observational study.Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Departments of District Head Quarters Teaching Hospital Gujranwala and at Sardar Trust Eye Hospital, Garhi Shahu, Lahore for a duration of 12 months from March 2017 to March 2018.Material and Methods: A chart review of all patients admitted in the above mentioned hospitals was conducted. Patients with insufficient clinical information documented in hospital record were excluded from the study. Status of each of the patient whether Hepatitis C positive or not, was determined by the method of rapid chromatography immunoassay for qualitative detection. The results of all patients were recorded according to their age, sex and their demography.Results: The study was conducted on 4968 patients admitted for ophthalmic surgeries above the age of 13 years. There were 1003 patients at DHQ Hospital Gujranwala and 3965 at Sardar Trust Eye Hospital. Out of 1003, 548 patients (54.6%) were male and 455 (45.3%) were female. 189 patients turned out to have Hepatitis C having a prevalence of 18.8%. However, at Sardar Trust Eye Hospital, out of 3965 patients admitted, 2914 (73%) were male, and remaining (27%) were female. 418 patients were found to be Hepatitis C positive, which constituted about 10.5% of all patients in Lahore.Conclusion: Frequency of Hepatitis C was 18% in Gujranwala with female dominance and 10.5% in Lahore with male predominance
Phomous rot is a dangerous disease of potato tubers
Authors: Polozhenets V. , Nemerytska L.
Published: January 2020

Goal. To establish the symptoms of pathogens of fomose rot on potato varieties of different resistance, to isolate pathogens from the genus Phoma, parasitizing on tubers and stems of plants.

Methods. Symptoms of phomotic rot were determined visually by the determinant of diseases and the method of microbiological diagnosis was used. Pathogens were isolated from stems and tubers affected by fomose rot.

Results. On the basis of psychopathological examination, it was experimentally proved for the first time in Ukraine that fomozna potato rot is widespread in commodity and seed potato plantings. The degree of harmfulness reaches 35%. Pathogens of the genus Phoma (Ph. Solanicola Prill. Et Del Ph tuberosa Malkomcon) affect potato stems and tubers. On the stems, the first symptoms appear as spots during the flowering phase of the plants, and on tubers the gangrene appears as round, depressed and hard spots, light or dark brown in color, on the top of which pycnids form. According to the harmfulness of the pathogen, the Polesye of Ukraine is divided into three zones: 1. The zone of strong development includes the Volyn and Zhytomyr regions, where the number of affected plants with phomosis exceeds 5%, affected tubers — 8—10%; 2. The zone of moderate development, it includes the Rivne and Khmelnitsky regions, where the number of plants affected by phomosis is 2—3%, and tubers during storage of the crop — 5—7%; 3. The zone of insignificant development of the disease includes Kiev and Chernihiv regions, where the number of plants affected by gangrene is up to 2%, and tubers after storage of the crop — up to 4%.

Conclusions. According to the results of psychopathological surveys, three zones of development of fomose rot of potatoes (severe, moderate and minor damage to phomosis) were identified and a scheme for the development cycle of the infection of the genus Phoma (Solanicola Prill. et. Del. And Ph. Tuberosa Melh.) was established. Symptoms of fomose rot appear on the stems in the form of elongated blurry spots, on which pycnids form from light brown (Eurostar) to dark brown (Riviera) color. On potato tubers, fomosis appears in the form of round, hard, sunken spots of a dark color. It is proved that during the interaction of potato plants with pathogens of the genus Phoma complex physiological, biochemical and pathological processes occur that significantly reduce productivity, quality, taste and other economically valuable traits.
Functional features of trophic use of carbon sources by pathogenic champignon bacteria (Agaricus bisporus)
Authors: Ivanova T. , Patyka M. , Tarasiuk T.
Published: January 2020

Goal. Purpose. The study of the functional features of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus.

Methods. The subject of the study is 16 isolates of pathogenic bacteria, which are isolated from Agaricus bisporus. They manifested as primary infections at the stage of active growth of the fungus. They are typically only for mushrooms. We used biotechnological methods. We isolated cultures of microorganisms to identify, sowing was carried out for splitting carbon sources on synthetic nutrient media with the adding of appropriate sugars. Using biochemical me­thods, trophic features of pathogenic bacteria were determined in order to develop biotechnologies for controlling their spread. The oxidase activity of bacteria was determined by the method of Kovach on a membrane filter previously moistened with NN-dimethil-p-pheniline diamine sulfate. Catalase activity was determined by adding to the culture drop a 10% solution of hydrogen peroxide. We used an innovative and universal method for determining the sources of carbon nutrition of microorganisms — КВ009 TM HiCarbo Kit.

Results. We have identified the sources of carbon nutrition of pathogenic bacteria using a test system. Isolate 9.4 utilizes sugars such as xylose, dextrose, galactose, melibiose L-arabinose, mannose, ONPG (ortho-nitrophenyl-β-galactopyranose), esculin, citrate, malonate. Isolate 6.2 when tested showed a positive result for xylose, dextrose. Isolate 6.1 uses such sugars: dextrose, trehalose, melibiose, mannose. Isolate 9.5 is indicated by the presence of ONPG, esculin, citrate and malonate and the absence of catalase. Isolates 11.1 and 9.5 have a positive oxidase reaction. Isolates 6.2 and 13.2 had a weak reaction. The reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates showed that all isolates had an oxidative type of metabolism.

Conclusions. The biochemical properties of the reaction to the breakdown of carbohydrates in a synthetic nutrient media, the oxidase activity of bacteria by the Kovac method, the catalase activity and carbon nutrition sources of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the fruit bodies of Agaricus bisporus were studied.
Restituciones borgeanas: "El otro Aleph" de Cecilia Eudave
Authors: Nava Hernández Marisol
Published: January 2020

En el cuento “El otro Aleph” de la escritora mexicana Cecilia Eudave se presenta una valiosa propuesta en torno al discurso fantástico sostenida por la alteridad tempo-espacial y por los desdoblamientos de los personajes, lo cual se complementa con sus vínculos transtextuales, en tanto remite al célebre cuento “El Aleph” de Jorge Luis Borges. El objetivo de este artículo consiste en analizar “El otro Aleph” de Eudave, a partir tanto de sus registros fantásticos como de sus relaciones transtextuales. La confluencia de ambos elementos demuestra que lo fantástico, en tal relato, surge gracias a sus vínculos con el cuento borgeano. Para el análisis recupero los postulados teóricos de Tzvetan Todorov y de Rosalba Campra. En concreto, de Todorov recobro el uso del imperfecto, las frases modalizantes, el sentido literal, la vacilación representada y los temas del Yo. A lo cual aúno la propuesta de Rosalba Campra, a través de las convalidaciones, los silencios, los indicios y las categorías sustantivas. Respecto a la transtextualidad, me centro en la propuesta de Gérard Genette, noción puntualizada en el paratexto, el intertexto y el hipertexto. Por todo ello, “El otro Aleph” de Cecilia Eudave configura un seductor mecanismo que implica el reconocimiento de la literatura anterior, pero también habilidad y talento para, a partir de una obra precedente, proponer un nuevo universo ficcional.
luz llameante por los bosques de la noche: breve genealogía de la figura del tigre en la literatura
Authors: Huesca Orozco Jaime Ricardo
Published: January 2020

Desde nuestros orígenes, el ser humano ha dotado al tigre de varias cargas simbólicas, más presentes en sus mitos, creencias y tradiciones, al grado de rendirle culto y tomarlo como un ser divino, o en otros casos, como una presencia diabólica en el mundo. El siguiente escrito presenta un breve repaso de la figura del igre dentro de la literatura y su importancia en esta tradición. Para contextualizar, parte de la investigación se enfoca en el estudio simbólico del tigre desde los imaginarios antiguos: concepciones tanto de Oriente como de Occidente y cosmovisiones prehispánicas, en las que se observa que cada cultura otorga al felino rayado un significado que impera hasta nuestros días. Este repaso tiene como finalidad comprender cómo el escritor emplea los símbolos, en este caso el tigre, para otorgar a sus creaciones cargas signifi cativas diversas, lo que demuestra la trascendencia de esta fi gura y su vasta senda recorrida en la tradición literaria. Autores de renombre como William Shakespeare, Paul Valéry, William Blake, Rudyard Kipling, Emilio Salgari, otros más cercanos como Jorge Luis Borges, Ramón López Velarde, Eduardo Lizalde, entre otros, mantienen una estrecha relación que va más allá del gusto por las letras: la devoción hacia el tigre marcó determinantemente su obra y, hasta cierto punto, parte de la literatura venidera.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN BUDAYA KERJA TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA TENAGA KESEHATAN (STUDY KASUS PADA PUSKESMAS DI KECAMATAN KOTABARU KARAWANG)
Authors: Dhita Widya Lupita  , Budi Rismayadi  , Flora Patricia Anggela
Published: January 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali informasi dan temuan data empirik sehingga mampu menjelaskan fenomena mengenai pengaruh variable yang diamati. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui tentang lingkungan kerja dan budaya kerja mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja tenaga kesehatan di puskesmas kecamatan kotabaru secara simultan maupun secara parsial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan menggunakan kuesioner. beberapa kesimpulan diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu, Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, lingkungan kerja mendapatkan skala baik karena memiliki rata-rata 420,125. maka secara keseluruhan lingkungan kerja pada Puskesmas Jomin, Kotabaru dan Cikampek Utara sudah termasuk dalam kategori yang baik. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, budaya kerja mendapatkan skala sangat baik karena memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 500, maka secara keseluruhan budaya kerja pada Puskesmas Jomin, Kotabaru dan Cikampek Utara sudah termasuk dalam kategori yang sangat baik. Berdasarkan analisis deskriptif, kepuasan kerja diperoleh informasi bahwa secara keseluruhan responden memberikan persepsi pada skala Baik terhadap kepuasan kerja pada Puskesmas Jomin, Kotabaru dan Cikampek Utara sudah termasuk dalam kategori yang baik.

 

Kata Kunci : Lingkungan Kerja, Budaya Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja
Wamel dalam Tradisi Sewa Menyewa Perspektif Maqāṣid Al-Sharī'ah Studi terhadap Praktek Sewa Sengon di Kecamatan Kedungjajang Lumajang)
Authors: Ichfan Hoirul , Ishari Nurhafid
Published: January 2020

This research will discuss about Wamel practice in traditional lease perspective maqashid syariah with the aim to describe how Wamel practice in kedungjajang sub-district is in accordance with maqashid syariah or not. This study uses a qualitative approach because this research will understand the social phenomena about Wamel (Rent Melleh) in Sub District Kedungjajang District Lumajang. How to collect data through two stages of interview and observation. The data in this research consists of two parts, namely, primary and secondary data. From result of research indicate that: In this Wamel Maqashid Perspective still can’t be in accordance with Maqashid Shariah, that is from the aspect of justice and the benefit of all mankind. Wamel in this Lease traditions sengon in it contain benefits or benefits achieved but with harmful also caused.
Визначення на ранніх стадіях аварійних ситуацій потенційно небезпечних виробництв за рахунок фіксації змін в вібрації обладнання.
Authors: Томенко М. , Томенко В. , Корецька O.
Published: January 2020

В статті розглядаються можливість визначення аварійності технологічного обладнання на ранніх стадіях за рахунок фіксації змін вібрацій при роботі обладнання. Для цього в роботі розглянуто використання консольних п’єзоперетворювачів на базі асиметричних біморфних п’єзоелементів, причому найбільшу увагу приділено визначенню лінійних розмірів та форм таких перетворювачів для побудови ефективних систем фіксації зміни вібраційної картини роботи обладнання. Розроблені макети, проведені експериментальні дослідження, отримано рекомендації по розробці п’єзоперетворювачів для систем раннього визначення аварійних ситуацій.
Competitiveness of different sugarcane industries in an era of low sugar prices
Authors: Autrey L. Jean Claude , Jolly L. , de Périndorge P. Leste
Published: January 2020

A surplus in global production over consumption in 2017-18, initially projected at 10 mn t of sugar mainly from boosted production in India, Thailand, European Union and other countries, resulted in a 10-year low price of sugar in August 2018. Due to the low price environment seen in 2017-18, even the most efficient sugar producing countries such as Brazil had production cost higher than the world market price. It was opportune to study the competitiveness of different sugarcane industries in Southern, Eastern, Central and Western Africa in comparison with large producers such as Brazil, India, Thailand and Australia. Parameters measured included the general situation of each industry, the production of cane (area cultivated, yield, productivity, cane quality, harvest and control, performance of small producers, price of cane and research, development and extension), milling of cane (number of factories, sugar production, milling efficiency, price of sugar locally and internationally) and diversification (biofuel, electricity cogeneration and others). The technical performance indicators usually used by sugar analysts across the world were used to compare the technical efficiency of the industries concerned in relation to their regional and world competitors. National policies implemented in each country were analysed. Explicit lessons were drawn from the complexity and diversity of sugar policy applied to industries around the globe. Armed with these lessons, stakeholders should be able to develop a reformed policy tool box for the sugar industry that will allow it to achieve the required efficiency at all levels.
Aplicación móvil, nueva forma de notificar las actividades del aula virtual de la Universidad Laica “Eloy Alfaro” de Manabí
Authors: Palma Muñoz Karol Alejandra , Cedeño Andrade Ignacio Bolívar , Álvarez Mendoza Vicente Dimas , Alcívar Zambrano María Belén
Published: January 2020

En la actualidad las tecnologías han avanzado de una manera considerable tanto así que la mayoría de los estudiantes universitarios cuenta con un dispositivo móvil que les permite realizar una serie de actividades. La universidad laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí ha cambiado sus modalidades de estudio manejándose en la actualidad con una aula virtual que sirve de interacción entre la universidad, los docentes y los estudiantes es por ello que el siguiente trabajo pretende manifestar el diseño de una aplicación móvil para notificar las actividades del aula virtual de la Universidad Laica “Eloy Alfaro” de Manabí debido a que existe incumplimiento en las tareas, es por eso que se va a diseñar la aplicación móvil para evitar el incumplimiento de las misma, para ello se realizó una investigación bibliográfica para la gestión del aula virtual y aplicación móvil, se ejecutó un análisis de los datos obtenidos, aplicando una encuesta a estudiantes y docentes, se puede notar que más de la mitad han incumplido actividades en el aula virtual, los trabajos han sido realizado a último momento por desconocimiento de estos, además de eso se constata que el servicio brindado por el aula virtual esta entre bueno y regular hay muchas cosas que mejorar, es por ello que una aplicación móvil seria de uso muy importante ya que de esta manera se disminuirían las tares incumplidas del aula virtual y de esta manera los docentes y estudiantes tendrán menos inconvenientes con la falta de tareas para la ponderación de la nota.
Aplicación web para gestionar los procesos administrativos de las Asociaciones Agropecuarias del cantón Chone de la provincia de Manabí.
Authors: Mera Rodriguez Manuel Adalberto , Arauz Zambrano José , Palacios Acosta Irvin , Zambrano Cedeño Cristopher
Published: January 2020

Mediante las investigaciones realizadas en las asociaciones agropecuarias, se percató de las falencias que existen en el control de los procesos organizacional y administrativo. En base a el método de investigación realizado (encuestas) se consideró que es de vital importancia la construcción de una página web para la administración y producción de las asociaciones del cantón Chone de la provincia de Manabí
Estilo de vida y riesgo de padecer diabetes mellitus en la comunidad Joa
Authors: Bravo Bonoso Delia Georgina , Parrales Choez Ana , Solórzano Sidar Solórzano
Published: January 2020

Los estilos de vida son todas aquellas conductas adquiridas y predominantes de una persona que determinan en gran medida su estado de salud. Un estilo de vida inadecuado es uno de los principales factores para el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus, enfermedad crónica no transmisible caracterizada por el aumento de los niveles de glucemia en la sangre, y que causa grandes afecciones en el bienestar social. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo en la comunidad de Joa del cantón Jipijapa, provincia de Manabí para determinar factores de riesgos que son predisponentes para diabetes mellitus en sus habitantes. El diseño metodológico está conformado por un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal, aplicando los métodos analítico y cuantitativo, las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista a un reconocido médico diabetólogo de la provincia y la encuesta a los habitantes de la comunidad, para conocer sobre los estilos de vida y factores de riesgo, además de toma de los perímetros antropométricos, a fin de determinar el nivel de Índice de Masa Corporal y niveles de glucemia en ayunas; de 371 habitantes se utilizó la técnica de muestreo probabilístico con margen de error de 10% dando una muestra de 58 personas, los resultados permitieron determinar que los estilos de vida en la población son inadecuados en su mayoría por lo que constituyen factores de riesgo netos que conjuntamente con los resultados del índice de masa corporal y glucemia indican que existe un alto riesgo de desarrollar diabetes mellitus tipo II.
TÓPICOS DE FÍSICA SOLAR NO ENSINO MÉDIO: ANÁLISE DE UM CURSO COM ATIVIDADES PRÁTICAS NO OBSERVATÓRIO DIETRICH SCHIEL
Authors: Aroca Silvia Calbo , Colombo Jr. Pedro Donizete , Silva Cibelle Celestino
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho analisa resultados obtidos em um curso sobre física solar para alunos do ensino médio promovido pelo Observatório Dietrich Schiel da USP. O curso foi elaborado pelos autores com a intenção de investigar concepções sobre o Sol, ensinar tópicos de física moderna relacionados ao Sol e conhecimentos gerais sobre o astro rei. A metodologia de coleta de dados consistiu em gravação em áudio e vídeo das aulas e das entrevistas semi-estruturadas, e respostas a questionários escritos. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos participantes concebeu o Sol como constituído por fogo e as manchas solares como buracos na superfície solar. Embora alguns alunos soubessem que um espectro pode ser formado por um prisma ou rede de difração, a maior parte deles desconhecia a natureza das linhas espectrais. Ao longo do curso, este tema foi trabalhado com uma abordagem prática com observação do espectro solar e de lâmpadas e em aulas expositivo-dialogadas. Os resultados obtidos no curso apontam para a importância dos centros de ciências como parceiros da educação formal. Neste caso específico, a Sala Solar do Observatório Dietrich Schiel é um ambiente propício para o ensino de física moderna no ensino médio.
MOVIMENTO APARENTE DO SOL, SOMBRAS DOS OBJETOS E MEDIÇÃO DO TEMPO NA VISÃO DE ALUNOS DO SÉTIMO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Machado Daniel Iria
Published: January 2020

O movimento aparente do Sol na esfera celeste e o comportamento das sombras dos objetos com o passar do tempo são fenômenos observáveis no dia a dia. No entanto, muitas vezes os estudantes não possuem uma compreensão adequada de tais ocorrências, podendo inclusive exibir concepções alternativas a seu respeito. Por isso, efetuou-se uma pesquisa com o intuito de conhecer as noções dos alunos sobre esses temas e avaliar a contribuição para seu entendimento propiciada por uma atividade feita com um relógio de Sol interativo, em um ambiente de ensino informal. Foram investigadas as ideias de 43 alunos do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental mediante a aplicação de um teste com questões abertas antes e depois de uma atividade com um relógio de Sol analemático, conduzida por um monitor. Uma proporção significativa de estudantes desconhecia inicialmente a maioria dos fenômenos tratados. A intervenção realizada colaborou para uma parte dos alunos assimilar novos conceitos, propiciando o contato com novos fenômenos e, em menor grau, a elaboração de explicações a respeito destes, indicando um potencial educativo dessa ação. Porém, a contribuição para o entendimento de algumas das ideias exploradas foi pequena, apontando para a necessidade de se fazer observações, estudos e discussões complementares.
ESTABLISHING THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NON-SCIENCE MAJORING UNDERGRADUATE LEARNERS’ SPATIAL THINKING SKILLS AND THEIR CONCEPTUAL ASTRONOMY KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Heyer Inge , Slater Stephanie J. , Slater Timothy F.
Published: January 2020

A comunidade da educação em astronomia tem suposto de forma implícita que o aprendizado da astronomia consiste em um domínio conceitual fundamentado no raciocínio espacial. Como um primeiro passo para identificar formalmente uma relação empírica entre estas duas coisas, utilizamos como amostra os estudantes de graduação de carreiras não científicas de um curso exploratório em uma universidade norte-americana do meio-oeste de médio porte com programa de Doutorado em andamento, onde estes estudantes foram submetidos a um diagnóstico de raciocino espacial e conceitos astronômicos antes e depois do mesmo. As ferramentas utilizadas foram o Test Of Astronomy Standards (TOAST) e o questionário What do you know? Utilizando somente dados completamente consistentes para esta análise, nossa amostra consistiu de 86 estudantes de graduação. As melhoras, depois de normalizadas, do desempenho dos estudantes nos dois quesitos foram pequenas, 0.26 e 0.13 respectivamente. O raciocínio espacial dos estudantes foi medido utilizando um instrumento específico desenhado para este trabalho. As correlações entre os resultados dos testes astronômicos e este instrumento específico antes e depois do curso mostraram uma relação entre moderada e forte, sugerindo que a relação entre o raciocínio espacial e o conhecimento astronômico pode explicar até um 25% na variação no desempenho dos estudantes.
EVOLUÇÃO DOS CONCEITOS DE ASTRONOMIA NO DECORRER DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Darroz Luiz Marcelo , Rosa Cleci Werner da , Rosa Álvaro Becker da , Samudio Pèrez Carlos Ariel
Published: January 2020

Embora a astronomia seja considerada uma das ciências mais antigas da humanidade e ainda que a compreensão de seus conceitos tenha trazido enormes avanços para a Ciência e, consequentemente, para a sociedade, observa-se que uma parcela significativa de pessoas encontra-se à margem desses conhecimentos. De acordo com os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Básica, cabe à escola a difusão dos conceitos cientificamente corretos, entre eles os relacionados à área de astronomia. Pertinente a essa questão, apresenta-se uma pesquisa realizada com 140 estudantes do nono ano do ensino fundamental e com 120 estudantes da terceira série do ensino médio de quatro escolas da região de Passo Fundo/RS. Buscou-se averiguar, por meio de um questionário composto de questões abertas e de múltipla escolha, o conhecimento desse grupo de estudantes acerca de termos e fenômenos astronômicos básicos e, também, verificar se o índice de acertos cresce à medida que eles avançam nas diferentes e gradativas séries dos ensinos fundamental e médio. De modo geral, os resultados apresentados demonstram que o ensino de astronomia na educação básica enfrenta deficiências. Das 20 questões investigadas, em 17 os índices de acertos são semelhantes nas respostas dadas por estudantes de nível fundamental e médio, revelando que muitas concepções equivocadas permanecem ao longo da educação básica. Isso evidencia que tais temas não são – ou são pouco – abordados durante esses dois níveis de escolarização. Assim, conclui-se que a discussão dos conceitos relacionados com a astronomia deve receber maior ênfase na abordagem dos diferentes conteúdos, sendo necessária uma ação nacional em prol do seu ensino. Acredita-se que essa ação nacional deve estar apoiada em um pilar triplo de atores coletivos: comunidade científica, comunidade astronômica semiprofissional e comunidade escolar. Por fim, esse pilar seria a base para futuras discussões relacionadas à atuação dessas instâncias como meio de promover mudanças ativistas na estrutura curricular, proporcionando, mais efetivamente, a educação em astronomia no ensino básico.
APRENDENDO SOBRE O CÉU A PARTIR DO ENTORNO: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE TRABALHO AO LONGO DE UM ANO COM ALUNOS DE ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Longhini Marcos Daniel , Gomide Hanny Angeles
Published: January 2020

Projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido com 95 alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública estadual de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. Foi um trabalho contínuo, de fevereiro a dezembro de 2013, o qual levou os alunos a participarem de atividades de observação do entorno, dentre ele, o céu, analisando as mudanças ocorridas. Focamos no estudo das variações de temperaturas, chuvas, duração do dia, variações do tamanho das sombras e mudanças nos aspectos da Lua. Nosso foco de análise centrou-se em discutir os conhecimentos que os referidos alunos tinham acerca dos temas indicados no início e ao término da implementação da proposta. Os resultados mostraram a percepção limitada que os estudantes possuem de seu entorno, todavia, ampliada em função das atividades desenvolvidas, principalmente no que se refere à Lua. O trabalho com medidas sistemáticas revela o cuidado no tratamento dos dados para que eles se tornem compreensíveis aos alunos, assim como o trabalho com as sombras sinaliza para que os alunos primeiramente compreendam como as sombras são formadas para depois trabalhar isso em Astronomia. Por fim, concluímos que o processo vivido constituiu-se em uma etapa inicial de um trabalho que deve ser estimulado para os anos subsequentes da formação desses alunos.
ASTRONOMIA CULTURAL NOS ENSINOS FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO
Authors: Jafelice Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho se destina a pedagogos e professores de geografia, ciências, biologia e física da educação básica. Ele discute a importância da adoção da perspectiva antropológica no trato de assuntos considerados do âmbito da astronomia e apresenta propostas de práticas para quem quiser introduzir astronomia cultural na educação básica – do início do 1º ano do ensino fundamental ao final da 3ª série do ensino médio, seja na educação formal ou não formal. O trabalho é proposto no contexto de uma educação ambiental holística e transdisciplinar. Esta abordagem valoriza sobretudo o vivenciar e visa uma educação humanística, acolhedora de diversidades epistemológicas e culturais. As práticas sugeridas também podem ser usadas com proveito para encaminhar trabalhos de inclusão de conteúdos das culturas indígenas e afrodescendentes brasileiras no currículo, conforme a nova legislação exige. As orientações oferecidas passaram pelo crivo de situações escolares reais.
Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Perawat Tentang Infeksi Nosokomial (INOS) Dengan Perilaku Pencegahan INOS Di Ruang Bedah RSUD DR. Moewardi Surakarta
Authors: Sulistyowati Dwi
Published: January 2020

Abstract: Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, Inos, Nurse. Nosocomial infections (inos) is an infection acquired during patient care in hospitals, infection is not in pain at the time of hospital admission and the patient is not within an incubation period of infectious diseases. The study aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes to the behavior of nurses regarding the prevention of inos in the operating room of RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Design used in this study was descriptive correlational cross-sectional approach. Sampling was carried out with total non-probability sampling, sample size of 30 respondents. There is a relationship between the level of the nurse’s knowledge about preventive behaviors inos with a probalility value of Spearman’s Rank correlation test for p = 0,024 is smaller than the probability p = 0,05. There is no relationship between nurse attitudes about preventive behaviors inos with a probability value of Spearman's Rank correlation test for p = 0.759 greater than the probability p = 0.05. There is a relationship between the nurse's knowledge about preventive behavior with inos. There is no relationship between attitudes to the behavior of nurses regarding the prevention of inos.
Geochemistry of the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada, and the unconformity-related uranium deposits hosted by it
Authors: Alexandre Paul
Published: January 2020

A large data set comprising near-total digestion analyses of whole rock samples from the Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada (based principally on the Geological Survey of Canada open file 7495), containing more than 20,000 analyses, was used to define the average chemical composition of Athabasca Group sandstones and of unconformity-related uranium deposits hosted by the basin.

The chemical composition of unaltered and un-mineralized Athabasca Group sandstones is dominated by Al (median Al2O3 of 1.14 wt.%), Fe (median Fe2O3 of 0.24 wt.%), and K (median K2O of 0.11 wt.%; Si was not measured), corresponding mostly to the presence of kaolin, illite, and hematite, in addition to the most-abundant quartz. The median concentration of U in the barren sandstones is 1 ppm, with 5 ppm Th, 3 ppm Pb, and 56 ppm ΣREE. Other trace elements present in significant amounts are Zr (median of 100 ppm), Sr (median of 69 ppm), and B (median of 43 ppm), corresponding to the presence of zircon, illite, and dravite.

The elements most enriched in a typical Athabasca Basin unconformity-related uranium deposit relative to the barren sandstone are U (median enrichment of ×710), Bi (×175), V (×77), and Mg (×45), followed by five elements with enrichment factors between 20 and 30 (Co, Mo, K, As, and Ni). These correspond to the presence in the ore bodies of alteration minerals (dravite, kaolinite, illite, chlorite, aluminum-phosphate-sulfate minerals, and a suite of sulfide minerals) and are similar to what has been observed before. These elements are similar to the typical pathfinder elements described above known deposits, but their usefulness has to be assessed based on their relative mobility in the predominantly oxidizing Athabasca Basin sandstones.
Learned prioritization yields attentional biases through selection history
Authors: Munneke Jaap , E. Corbett Jennifer , van der Burg Erik
Published: January 2020

While numerous studies have provided evidence for selection history as a robust influence on attentional allocation, it is unclear precisely which behavioral factors can result in this form of attentional bias. In the current study, we focus on “learned prioritization” as an underlying mechanism of selection history and its effects on selective attention. We conducted two experiments, each starting with a training phase to ensure that participants learned different stimulus priorities. This was accomplished via a visual search task in which a specific color was consistently more relevant when presented together with another given color. In Experiment 1, one color was always prioritized over another color and inferior to a third color, such that each color had an equal overall priority by the end of the training session. In Experiment 2, the three different colors had unequal priorities at the end of the training session. A subsequent testing phase in which participants had to search for a shape-defined target showed that only stimuli with unequal overall priorities (Experiment 2) affected attentional selection, with increased reaction times when a distractor was presented in a previously high-priority compared with a low-priority color. These results demonstrate that adopting an attentional set where certain stimuli are prioritized over others can result in a lingering attentional bias and further suggest that selection history does not equally operate on all previously selected stimuli. Finally, we propose that findings in value-driven attention studies where high-value and low-value signaling stimuli differentially capture attention may be a result of learned prioritization rather than reward.
Intonation does aid serial recall after all
Authors: Savino Michelina , Winter Bodo , Bosco Andrea , Grice Martine
Published: January 2020

A sequence of spoken digits is easier to recall if the digits are grouped into smaller chunks (e.g., through the insertion of pauses). It has been claimed that intonation does not facilitate recall over and above the effect achieved by pauses. This may be related to the fact that past research has used synthesized intonation contours. In this replication study, we show that intonation does provide benefits once more naturalistic intonation contours are used. This benefit is independent of response modality (spoken responses, keyboard responses, or handwritten responses in a grid). We furthermore show that intonation differentially affects specific positions within the sequence of digits. Crucially, our results suggest that researchers and clinicians need to pay attention to intonation when assessing working memory using spoken language.
Population-level Eccentricity Distributions of Imaged Exoplanets and Brown Dwarf Companions: Dynamical Evidence for Distinct Formation Channels*
Authors: Bowler Brendan P. , Blunt Sarah C. , Nielsen Eric L.
Published: January 2020

The orbital eccentricities of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions provide clues about their formation and dynamical histories. We combine new high-contrast imaging observations of substellar companions obtained primarily with Keck/NIRC2 together with astrometry from the literature to test for differences in the population-level eccentricity distributions of 27 long-period giant planets and brown dwarf companions between 5 and 100 au using hierarchical Bayesian modeling. Orbit fits are performed in a uniform manner for companions with short orbital arcs; this typically results in broad constraints for individual eccentricity distributions, but together as an ensemble, these systems provide valuable insight into their collective underlying orbital patterns. The shape of the eccentricity distribution function for our full sample of substellar companions is approximately flat from e = 0–1. When subdivided by companion mass and mass ratio, the underlying distributions for giant planets and brown dwarfs show significant differences. Low mass ratio companions preferentially have low eccentricities, similar to the orbital properties of warm Jupiters found with radial velocities and transits. We interpret this as evidence for in situ formation on largely undisturbed orbits within massive extended disks. Brown dwarf companions exhibit a broad peak at e ≈ 0.6–0.9 with evidence for a dependence on orbital period. This closely resembles the orbital properties and period-eccentricity trends of wide (1–200 au) stellar binaries, suggesting that brown dwarfs in this separation range predominantly form in a similar fashion. We also report evidence that the “eccentricity dichotomy” observed at small separations extends to planets on wide orbits: the mean eccentricity for the multi-planet system HR 8799 is lower than for systems with single planets. In the future, larger samples and continued astrometric orbit monitoring will help establish whether these eccentricity distributions correlate with other parameters such as stellar host mass, multiplicity, and age.
Low-activity Main-belt Comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro: New Constraints on Its Albedo, Temperature, and Active Mechanism from a Thermophysical Perspective
Authors: Yu 余 Liang Liang 亮亮 , Hsia Chih Hao , Ip Wing-Huen
Published: January 2020

133P/Elst-Pizarro is the first recognized main-belt comet, but we still know little about its nucleus. First we use mid-infrared data of Spitzer MIPS, Spitzer IRS, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer to estimate its effective diameter,

km, geometric albedo,

, and mean Bond albedo

. The albedo is used to compute 133P’s temperature distribution, which shows significant seasonal variation, especially polar regions, ranging from ∼40 to ∼200 K. Based on current activity observations, the maximum water gas production rate is estimated to be

, being far weaker than

of JFC 67P at a similar heliocentric distance of ∼2.7 au, indicating a thick dust mantle on the surface to lower down the gas production rate. The diameter of the sublimation area may be <∼200 m according to our model prediction. We thus propose that 133P’s activity is more likely to be caused by sublimation of a regional near-surface ice patch rather than a homogeneous buried ice layer. Such a small near-surface ice patch might be exposed by one impact event, before which 133P may be an extinct comet (or ice-rich asteroid) with an ice layer buried below ∼40 m depth. The proposed ice patch may be located somewhere within latitude −50 ∼ 50° by comparing theoretical variation of sublimation temperature to the constraints from observations. The timescale to form such a thick dust mantle is estimated to be >100 Myr, indicating that 133P may be more likely to be a relatively old planetesimals or a member of an old family than a recently formed fragment of some young family.
A Twilight Search for Atiras, Vatiras, and Co-orbital Asteroids: Preliminary Results
Authors: Ye 叶 Quanzhi 泉志 , Masci Frank J. , Ip 葉 Wing-Huen 永烜 , Prince Thomas A. , Helou George , Farnocchia Davide , Bellm Eric C. , Dekany Richard , Graham Matthew J. , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Kupfer Thomas , Mahabal Ashish , Ngeow Chow-Choong , Reiley Daniel J. , Soumagnac Maayane T.
Published: January 2020

Near-Earth objects (NEOs) that orbit the Sun on or within Earth’s orbit are tricky to detect for Earth-based observers due to their proximity to the Sun in the sky. These small bodies hold clues to the dynamical history of the inner solar system as well as the physical evolution of planetesimals in extreme environments. Populations in this region include the Atira and Vatira asteroids, as well as Venus and Earth co-orbital asteroids. Here we present a twilight search for these small bodies, conducted using the 1.2 m Oschin Schmidt and the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) camera at Palomar Observatory. The ZTF twilight survey operates at solar elongations down to 35° with a limiting magnitude of r = 19.5. During a total of 40 evening sessions and 62 morning sessions conducted between 2018 November 15 and 2019 June 23, we detected six Atiras, including two new discoveries, 2019 AQ3 and 2019 LF6, but no Vatiras or Earth/Venus co-orbital asteroids. NEO population models show that these new discoveries are likely only the tip of the iceberg, with the bulk of the population yet to be found. The population models also suggest that we have only detected 5%–7% of the H < 20 Atira population over the seven month survey. Co-orbital asteroids are smaller in diameter and require deeper surveys. A systematic and efficient survey of the near-Sun region will require deeper searches and/or facilities that can operate at small solar elongations.
The Luminosity Function of Red Supergiants in M31
Authors: Neugent Kathryn F. , Massey Philip , Georgy Cyril , Drout Maria R. , Mommert Michael , Levesque Emily M. , Meynet Georges , Ekström Sylvia
Published: January 2020

The mass-loss rates of red supergiant stars (RSGs) are poorly constrained by direct measurements, and yet the subsequent evolution of these stars depends critically on how much mass is lost during the RSG phase. In 2012 the Geneva evolutionary group updated their mass-loss prescription for RSGs with the result that a 20 M
⊙ star now loses 10 times more mass during the RSG phase than in the older models. Thus, higher-mass RSGs evolve back through a second yellow supergiant phase rather than exploding as Type II-P supernovae, in accord with recent observations (the so-called “RSG Problem”). Still, even much larger mass-loss rates during the RSG phase cannot be ruled out by direct measurements of their current dust-production rates, as such mass loss is episodic. Here, we test the models by deriving a luminosity function for RSGs in the nearby spiral galaxy, M31, which is sensitive to the total mass loss during the RSG phase. We carefully separate RSGs from asymptotic giant branch stars in the color–magnitude diagram following the recent method exploited by Yang and collaborators in their Small Magellanic Cloud studies. Comparing our resulting luminosity function with that predicted by the evolutionary models shows that the new prescription for RSG mass loss does an excellent job of matching the observations, and we can readily rule out significantly larger values.
Dense Cores, Filaments, and Outflows in the S255IR Region of High-mass Star Formation
Authors: Zinchenko Igor I. , Liu Sheng-Yuan , Su Yu-Nung , Wang Kuo-Song , Wang Yuan
Published: January 2020

We investigate at a high angular resolution the spatial and kinematic structure of the S255IR high-mass star-forming region, which demonstrated recently the first disk-mediated accretion burst in the massive young stellar object. The observations were performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Band 7 at an angular resolution of ∼ 0.″1, which corresponds to ∼180 au. The 0.9 mm continuum, C34S(7–6) and CCH N = 4 − 3 data show a presence of very narrow (∼1000 au), very dense (n ∼ 107 cm−3), and warm filamentary structures in this area. At least some of them represent apparently dense walls around the high velocity molecular outflow with a wide opening angle from the S255IR-SMA1 core, which is associated with the NIRS3 YSO. This wide-angle outflow surrounds a narrow jet. At the ends of the molecular outflow there are shocks, traced in the SiO(8–7) emission. The SiO abundance there is enhanced by at least 3 orders of magnitude. The CO(3–2) and SiO(8–7) data show a collimated and extended high velocity outflow from another dense core in this area, SMA2. The outflow is bent and consists of a chain of knots, which may indicate periodic ejections possibly arising from a binary system consisting of low- or intermediate-mass protostars. The C34S emission shows evidence of rotation of the parent core. Finally, we detected two new low-mass compact cores in this area (designated as SMM1 and SMM2), which may represent prestellar objects.
A New Implementation of the Schwarzschild Method for Constructing Observationally Driven Dynamical Models of Galaxies of All Morphological Types
Authors: Vasiliev Eugene , Valluri Monica
Published: January 2020

We present Forstand, a new code for constructing dynamical models of galaxies with the Schwarzschild orbit-superposition method. These models are constrained by line-of-sight kinematic observations and applicable to galaxies of all morphological types, including disks and triaxial rotating bars. Our implementation has several novel and improved features, is computationally efficient, and has been made publicly available. Using mock data sets taken from N-body simulations, we demonstrate that the pattern speed of a bar can be recovered with an accuracy of 10–20%, regardless of orientation, if the 3D shape of the galaxy is known or inferred correctly.