bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de riesgo de apnea obstructiva del sueño en estudiantes de Fisioterapia
Authors: Canté Cuevas Xochilt Candelaria , Telumbre Terrero Juan Yovani , Kent Sulú Martha Patricia , Javier Rivera Leidy Sofia
Published: July 2022

El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) se caracteriza por apneas obstructivas e hipoapneas que se generan por el colapso repetitivo de las vías respiratorias superiores durante el sueño. Aunque tiene mayor prevalencia en población adulta mayor, la presencia de obesidad y sobrepeso puede incrementarlo hasta 10 veces más en población general. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estimar la prevalencia de SAOS en estudiantes de Fisioterapia de una universidad pública en Ciudad del Carmen, Campeche, México. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, aplicando el cuestionario Berlín para detectar riesgo; se registraron datos sociodemográficos así como síntomas de apnea y ronquido, de somnolencia diurna, hipertensión arterial e IMC. Los datos se trataron en el programa SPSSv.20 empleando valores promedio y de dispersión para las variables numéricas, porcentajes y frecuencias las medidas en escala nominal. Resultados: El riesgo alto para SAOS se registró en el 33,05% de estudiantes de Fisioterapia, el 70% fueron mujeres, el 88% presentó obesidad. Investigaciones siguientes requieren complementar la valoración clínica para confirmación del diagnóstico. El desarrollo de estrategias de atención y prevención de comorbilidades asociadas a SAOS será esencial para atender las necesidades del estudiantado, aun en época de pandemia por COVID donde el acercamiento se da en un entorno virtual.
Associação entre o TUG e à capacidade funcional em idosos candidatos à reabilitação cardíaca
Authors: Oliveira Isabelli Fonseca , Santos Tamires Daros dos , Matheus Silvana Corrêa , Cardoso Dannuey Machado , Albuquerque Isabella Martins de
Published: July 2022

Introdução: O aumento da expectativa de vida tem sido associado à redução da força muscular e aumento do risco de perda de mobilidade e capacidade funcional, tendo como consequência a alteração da funcionalidade do idoso. O processo de envelhecimento tem sido correlacionado a um gradativo aumento na predisposição à doença, no entanto, este é acentuado na presença de doenças cardiovasculares (DCV), sendo atualmente uma das principais causas de incapacidade física e mortalidade na população idosa. Objetivo: Avaliar se há relação entre o desempenho no teste Timed Up and Go (TUG), força de preensão palmar (FPP) e capacidade funcional em idosos candidatos a um programa de reabilitação cardíaca (PRC). Métodos: Estudo transversal composto por 14 pacientes (66,5±6,6 anos, 11 homens) ingressantes em um PRC (Fase II) de um hospital universitário no Brasil. Foram analisados o desempenho no teste TUG, a FPP através da dinamometria e a capacidade funcional através da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (DPTC6M). Resultados: Houve correlação negativa moderada entre o TUG e o TC6m (r=-0,535; p=0,049) e correlação positiva moderada entre os valores preditos da FPP e TC6m (membro superior direito: r=0,670; p=0,008) (membro superior esquerdo: r=0,644; p=0,012). Conclusões: Os achados demonstraram que a diminuição da capacidade funcional foi associada à diminuição da mobilidade funcional e agilidade, sugerindo o TUG como uma alternativa de avaliação de pacientes candidatos a um PRC com capacidade funcional baixa a moderada ou com alguma contraindicação para realizar um teste que requer maior esforço cardiovascular como o TC6m.
Physical Activity Regulates the Symptoms of Psychological Distress in Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Aparecido da
Published: July 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a worldwide increase in mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Objective: Investigate the impact of physical activity on symptoms of anxiety and depression in university students of physical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: 121 students of the physical education degree course were evaluated in the short and medium term. The students answered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaires to measure the levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression; the physical activity level (PAL) was also verified with use of International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The evaluations were made in two moments: 30 to 40 days or Short Term (ST) and 120 to 130 days or Medium Term (MT) after the beginning of social distance. Results: About 52.9% and 59.5% of the students did not show anxiety symptoms at ST and MT, respectively. Most graduates, 74.4% and 66.9% had no symptoms of depression at ST and MT, respectively. More than 50% of students were able to maintain PAL at both times. Conclusion: The maintenance of mental health during the pandemic can be preserved with regular practice of physical activity.
Forest Fire Detection using Yolov3
Authors: Rajapriyan V S  , Harsha V  , Kaaran R  , Remya V
Published: July 2022

Fire detection systems play a key role in industries, shops, malls, etc. in detecting fire at the initial
stages and help in saving lives and property. Commercial fire detecting systems usually have an
alarm signaling with a buzzer, which has been found inadequate. To overcome these deficiencies,
this project aims to design a fire detection system. In the proposed model YOLO v3 is used to detect
the fire in images. Initially, it will train the dataset and after the training, the trained model is used for
further process. The user has an option to upload the image and click submit, after this request hitting
on the backend endpoint, identification of features will be done and soon the output will be shown
saying that the image has fired or not. Also, if the fire is detected, an email and the location will also
be sent to the given email address. There are quite a few such existing systems, however, they are not
as effective as the situation demands to need. So a new system to detect fire from infrared images
have proposed. By making use of computer vision and machine learning techniques to make it
efficient and reliable. Also, the system uses brightness classification along with image processing
and histogram-based segmentation. All these are made to increase the accuracy and make the system
more suitable for real-time implementation. Thus, the proposed system not only solves the existing
problems but also provides a new and efficient approach. Here YOLO V3 is used as a classifier to
classify based on the parameters learned during the training process and the binary cross-entropy loss
function is used to figure out how good our model is. Accuracy is used as an evaluation metric.
Hence the main goal of the project is to accurately detect the presence of the fire as early as
possible.
Forecasting the Inflation in India using
ARIMA and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: S.A. Jyothi Rani  , P. Laxmi Prasanna
Published: July 2022

This Paper Presents forecasting the Inflationof all commodities using Auto Regressive Integrated
Moving Average (ARIMA) method, Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), Recurrent Neural Network
(RNN), Convolution Neural Network (CNN), and Long Short – Term Memory (LSTM). The data
used for estimating the models for the year Apr 2009 to July2020. The appropriate best model is
computed by comparing the Mean square Error(MSE), Root Mean square Error(RMSE), and Mean
Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In this Study the Results Shows that CNN is Performing better
model than the other traditional models of ARIMA, MLP, RNN, and LSTM.
GRADING AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF
RICE AND GRAINS USING DIGITAL
IMAGE PROCESSING
Authors: Akash T  , Rahul V  , Giri Prakash K  , Rashmi A
Published: July 2022

The quality of the food grains we consume is becoming increasingly important, and as people
become more educated, their demand for high-quality rice. There is a potential that dealers will
adulterate food grains. In most cases, quality is determined by visual examination, which is a manual
procedure. In this study, an image processing approach is employed to try to automate the procedure
and overcome the limitations of the human process. A reliable rice grain analysis and categorization
system may considerably increase performance in both accuracy and time. This study field has
gotten a lot of interest in recent decades because of its socioeconomic implications. We examined the
work done in image-based rice categorization and grading in this research.
This laborious effort has an impact on farmers. As a result, the duties demand automation and the
establishment of imaging techniques that can aid in assessing the strength of grain pictures. With
computer image processing and neural network technology, a model of quality grade assessment and
identification is developed that is based on appearance aspects such as morphology and colors. For
training purposes, the morphological and visual characteristics are transmitted to the neural network.
After that, the trained network is utilized to recognize unknown grain varieties, imperfections, and
quality. Rice varieties such as basmati and jasmine, and others, can be assessed for quality analysis,
and each can be classified into classes, namely Grade A, Grade B, and Grade C.
Role of Information Technology in Banking
sector: A study with special reference to
Chhattisgarh State
Authors: SumanSahu  , RanjeetaTiwari Mishra  , Prabhuti Kshatriya
Published: July 2022

Banks in India are now becoming a one-stop Supermarket. The focus is shifting from mass banking
to class banking with the introduction of value added and customized products. Technology allows
banks to create what looks like a branch in a business building‘s lobby without having to hire
manpower for manual operations. The branches are running on the concept of 24 X 7 working, made
possible by the use of Tele banking, ATMs, Internet banking, Mobile banking and E - banking. This
technology driven delivery channels are being used to reach out to maximum number of customers at
lower cost and in most efficient manner. Technology in Indian banking has evolved substantially
from the days of back office automation to today's online, centralized and integrated solutions. The
purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between new technology implementation in
banking sector and customers approach i.e. how they adopt the modern technologies in Banking
sector. For this study, the response was collected from the various Banks of Chhattisgarh State under
the regulation of Reserve Bank of India. A simple percentage analysis will be done to analyze the
primary data of sample size 100.
SBRidAPI – DETECT DECIMATE AND
PREVENT SOCIALBOT IN OSN USING
DEEP LEARNING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Ayesha Shereen A K  , Christopher P
Published: July 2022

WEB 2.0-BASED Online Social Networks (OSNs) are one of the high impacting human innovations
of the 21st century that facilitate their users to express views and thoughts on current affairs and
personal life, connect with friends and celebrities, and get updated with the breaking news. OSNs
facilitate their users in terms of connectivity, information sharing, knowledge acquisition, and
entertainment, but these are not without any repercussions. The real-time message broadcasting and
anonymity have exposed. The malicious and anti-social elements generally perform such activities
using fake profiles in the form of bots, human-assisted cyborgs, Sybil, and compromised accounts.
Recently, OSN platforms have witnessed emerging threats, having serious repercussions that are
much more sophisticated in comparison to the classical cyber threats like spamming, DDoS attack,
and identity theft. Among OSN-specific threats, automated profiles (aka social bots) are one of the
major enablers of advanced illicit activities like political astroturfing. Social bots are very deceptive;
they mimic human behavior to gain trust in an OSN and then exploit it for illicit activities. As a
result, researchers are analyzing different malicious aspects of social bots. This project presents
SBRidAPI, to profile users for detecting social bots on OSNs. To the best of our knowledge, this is
the first deep learning-based approach that jointly models a comprehensive set of profile, temporal,
activity, and content information for user behavior representation, which is fed to a two-layer stacked
BiLSTM, whereas content information is fed to a deep CNN.
A Low Power Nano AES Security Algorithm
For Image Cryptography
Authors: Tabassum Siddiqua T  , Antony Joseph Arputha Raj A
Published: July 2022

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for electronic data encryption. This
standard has become one of the most widely used encryption method and has been implemented in
both software and hardware. A high-secure symmetric cryptography algorithm, implementation on
field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed architecture includes 8-bit data path and five
main blocks. We design two specified register banks, Key-Register and State-Register, for storing
the plain text, keys, and intermediate data. This project is simulated by Modelsim 6.4 c and
synthesized by Xilinx tool.
Green Synthesis and Characterization Of Zinc
Oxide Nanoparticles Using Seaweed Sulphated
Polysaccharide and their Anti-Bacterial
Properties
Authors: S.Bhuvaneshwari  , K.Padmalochana  , S.Savetha  , A.Natarajan
Published: July 2022

Nanotechnology is an area of science and engineering that deals with the Nan scales, which range
from 1 to 100 nanometers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely employed in a variety of industries,
including solar cells, ultraviolet light emitting devices, gas sensors, photocatalysts,
pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The current study focuses primarily on the synthesis of Zinc oxide
nanoparticles from seaweed sulphated polysaccharides. Aim of the study isisolation and
characterization of sulphated polysaccharide using seaweed Turbinariaornata. To Synthesis zinc
oxide nanoparticles using sulphated polysaccharides and their physico-chemical characterization
and study the antibacterial activity of green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles.
Corporate Organizational Culture and its
Description in Bhagavad Gita
Authors: Anjali Chugh  , Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Published: July 2022

Today’s organizations are primarily dynamic and pose huge challenges and opportunities to the
policy makers and corporate practitioners. The philosophy of Bhagavad Gita should not only be
viewed from spiritual perspectives but also as a guide in developing Managerial Effectiveness.
Today it has found its place as an alternative to the theory of modern management and also as a
means to bring back the right path of peace and prosperity for the human beings. This research
paper measures empirically the effectiveness of organizational corporate culture and its
descriptions in Bhagavad Geeta. With this paper we will see the practical message of Bhagavad
Gita has strong linkage to core management practices like establishment of good corporate culture.
Natural Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation Analysis in Saltbox Roof under Summer Conditions
Authors: Ogwumike Tobechukwu E. , Olakoyejo Olabode Thomas , Oloruntoba Fisayo T. , Musah Abdulsobur A. , Oyekeye Manasseh O. , Oluwatusin Omotayo , Oluwo Adeyinka A. , Adelaja Adekunle O.
Published: July 2022

This study investigates numerically the 2D laminar natural convection in a Saltbox roof type geometry under summer climate conditions as obtained in Africa, particularly Nigeria using ANSYS FLUENT to model the boundary conditions. The effects of Rayleigh number (Ra) within the range of 103-107 and pitch angles (top and base) on heat transfer, the flow structure, temperature distribution and entropy generation within the geometry were analysed. Results show that the flow is nearly symmetric at lower Ra, while for higher Ra, the flow becomes asymmetric. The Nusselt number (Nu) has a proportional relationship with the top pitch angle and an inverse relationship with the base pitch angle when the Rayleigh number is fixed. The effect of the Ra on the Nu is insignificant at lower Ra, but becomes noticeable at higher Ra. The total entropy generation increases with an increase in top pitch angle and a decrease in base pitch angles, at fixed Rayleigh numbers. The physical implication is that, for a Saltbox roof type geometry, at fixed Ra, the best convective heat transfer process is achieved by lowering the base pitch angle and increasing the top pitch angle.
Performance of Glass and Steel Slag Mixtures as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate in Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Ogunsanya Oluwatobi A. , Aluko Olusegun O. , Ogundipe Olumide M.
Published: July 2022

Solid waste management is a significant challenge  particularly in developing countries for example Nigeria. The waste disposal technique is inadequate as negative effects from improper solid waste dumping can be easily visible in the environment. Recycling and reuse of wasteas aggregate in asphalt production may be an economic way to reduce these problems. This research evaluates the viability of crushed waste glass combined with steel slag (GSS) as fine aggregate in asphalt wearing courses. The Marshall mix method was used in production and evaluation of samples. GSS mixtures in the ratio 70:30 (steel slag: glass) were substituted for fine aggregate at varying percentages of 0 to 50 %. This mix ratio was adopted so that the glass content does not exceed 10%.Five samples of GSS content   (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%and 50%) were prepared and their Marsha lstability,Voids in Mineral Aggregates, Voids filled with Bitumen and bulk density were evaluated and compared to nominal asphalt mix. While a 10% GSS replacement in modified asphalt resulted in a greater peak stability value of 16.21 kN compared to the standard mix peak stability value of 12.68kN. The 20% GSS replacement resulted in a lower flow value and a significantly higher Marshall quotient of 5.11KN/MM was recorded at 20% replacement, making it preferable. As a result, a 20% replacement is advised for heavily trafficked highways, whereas up to 30% replacement is permissible on lightly traveled roads.
Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of Ginger Mixed Mode Solar Dryer Integrated with Latent Heat Storage
Authors: AGBETILOYE LANRE ABEL , Anafi Fatai O. , Omisanya Nua O.
Published: July 2022

This study is concerned with the design, simulation, construction and performance evaluation of a ginger solar dryer integrated with latent heat storage. It was done to address the problem of complete non-availability of conserved energy to precede the drying process for some times immediately after the sunshine hours have elapsed; thereby reducing the wide gap between the solar energy demand and supply.  The ginger solar dryer was tested to dry 6 kg of sliced ginger rhizomes. The dimensions of the dryer were calculated by design to be as follows: 1.5638 m, 1.6302 m2 and 1.155 m for collector length, collector area and chimney height respectively. An experiment was conducted to blend Aluminium powder with shea butter at elevated mass fraction of (1 – 5) %wt of Aluminium powder. The third level composition (3%/97%) was considered the most appropriate due to its moderate thermal conductivity of 0.053762 W/mK and highest latent heat of fusion - 164.53 KJ/kg. The ginger solar dryer was tested with ginger slices of (3 – 5) mm average thickness from 9:00 am to 11:00 pm of 11th June, 2019. The average drying rate, collector efficiency and drying efficiency for the period were kg/s, 77% and 30% respectively
Optimisation of Internal Model Control Performance Indices for Autonomous Vehicle Suspension
Authors: Bala Jibril A. , Karataev Tologon , Thomas Sadiq , Folorunso Taliha A. , Aibinu Abiodun M.
Published: July 2022

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have grown in popularity and acceptability due to their unique capacity to reduce pollution, road accidents, human error, and traffic congestion. Vehicle suspension is an important component of a car chassis since it affects the performance of vehicle dynamics. As a result, enhancing suspension performance and stability is critical in order to achieve a more pleasant and safer car. Although there are several suspension control methods, they all suffer from fixed gain characteristics that are prone to nonlinearities, disturbances, and the inability to be tuned online. This research provides a comparison of Internal Model Control (IMC) performance metrics for vehicle suspension control. The IMC approach was tuned using the Genetic Algorithm and the Particle Swarm Optimisation algorithms. The performance of each of these schemes was analysed and compared in order to determine the approach with the best performance in terms of AV suspension control. The performance of the system response was compared to that of the traditional IMC. According to the comparison analysis, the optimized IMC systems had lower IAE, ITAE, ISE, rising time, and settling time values than the traditional IMC. Furthermore, there were no overshoots in any of the controllers.
Assessment of Physical and Thermal Properties of Velvet Bean (Mucuna pruriens) as Potentials for Development of Processing Machines
Authors: Adeyanju James A. , Abioye Adekanmi O. , Adekunle Adefemiwa A. , Ajala Adeladun S. , Oloyede Abiola A. , Afolayan Esther T.
Published: July 2022

The engineering properties of food materials have helped design, develop, and select suitable equipment for preservation, processing, packaging, and storage of food material, including velvet bean, an underutilised legume. Therefore, this research work is aimed at assessing the influence of moisture variation on some engineering properties of velvet beans. The velvet bean seed used was conditioned to moisture content ranging between 8.12 and 28.21 % to determine some selected physical properties. The thermal properties were determined using a KD2-Pro thermal analyser. The physical properties results indicated that the arithmetic mean, geometric mean, volume, and surface area increased with varying moisture content while there was a decrease in the sphericity and aspect ratio. Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity ranged from 0.18 to 0.65 W/mK, 1.2×10-7 to 3.1×10-7 m2/s and 1.57 to 2.16 kJ/kgK, respectively. The physical and thermal properties of the seeds were measured and their respective high correlation coefficients indicate that they can be used to simulate these parameters within the moisture domain investigated. The physical and thermal properties of velvet bean differ significantly with moisture contents. The information obtained on some engineering properties of velvet bean seeds could help design processing machinery and optimise milling operations.
Effects of Load Ratio Variation on the Safety of Timber Concrete Composite Floor
Authors: Ozovehe Abdulhamid A. , Sulaiman Tasiu A. , Ocholi Amana , Kaura Jibrin M. , Mohammed Ashiru
Published: July 2022

This paper presents the structural reliability appraisal of timber concrete composite floor designed in line with Eurocode 5 (2004) and Eurocode 2, (2004). Limit state expressions for timber concrete composite floor subdued to tension, bending, tension and bending, shear and compression were generated and their entailed reliability degrees were assessed. The basic variables associated with the design are considered to be random variables with their properties espoused from the previous studies. Reliability analysis was performed using reliability mothed i.e. first order reliability method (FORM) owing to assess the safety levels of the composite floor structural elements by considering six different modes of failure. The analysis comprised of different selected species of softwood, hard wood and glue laminated timber whose strength class were obtained from BS EN 338, 2008 and concrete of strength class C30 from Eurocode 2. The results obtained disclosed that safety indices decrease as the load ratio steps up that led to cut down of the strength. It was detected that timber with strength classes D70, D50 and C50 are safe against all different failure modes looked at except C50 and D50 against shear failure at load ratio of 1, 1.5 and 2. It was conclude timber of strength classes D70, D50 and C50 would reliable for the construction of composite floor i.e. timber-concrete floor.
Smart Grid Systems in Nigeria: Prospects, Issues, Challenges and Way Forward
Authors: Dahunsi Folasade M. , Abdul-Lateef Olawumi A. , Melodi Adegoke O. , Ponnle Akinlolu A. , Sarumi Oluwafemi A. , Adedeji Kazeem A.
Published: July 2022

The ability of the power system to deliver to its consumer electrical energy at an expected level of reliability is correlated with the economic development of a country. The Nigerian power system faces many challenges, varying from overdue infrastructure maintenance, obsolete tools and appliances, insufficient electricity supply, corruption, etc. A gradual shift from manual to smart digital technologies include; smart metering, distributed generation (renewable energy and microgrid), and management using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools. In response, research, investments, and upgrade to the power sector are fundamental. This paper discusses and analyses the various smart grid technologies utilised in the Nigerian power system with their effects, impacts, deployment, and integration into the traditional Nigerian power grid. Also discussed are issues and challenges of smart grid deployment and ways of mitigating these challenges.
Performance Evaluation of a Wireless Cooperative Network with Maximal Ratio Combining Technique
Authors: Ojo Festus K. , Olajide Bidemi , Akande Damilare O. , Oseni Olasunkanmi F.
Published: July 2022

Research on wireless communication is on the rise due to its capability in improving communication in terms of spectrum efficiency, power and communication reliability. In wireless network, power is consumed mostly in the process of data transmission, hence, the need for cooperative relay protocol and technique to improve systems’ performance through power management and quality of service (QoS). Although, there are various cooperative protocols which include: amplify-and-forward, decode-and-forward among others. However, by using these cooperative protocols, the amount of power consumed and QoS still require improvement. Thus, in this work the quest for incorporation of Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) technique with the Decode-and-Forward (DF) relay protocol in cooperative network. The cooperative network with DF protocol considered consists of the source, destination and relay(s) nodes. The MRC was incorporated at the destination just to combine the received signals from the relay nodes. Moreover, the system’s simulation was carried out by using MATLAB R2020a and evaluated using bit error rate and power consumption as the performance metrics. The obtained results showed that the QoS and power consumption of the considered cooperative network was considerably improved when MRC was employed in the network in comparison with an existing work.
Design, Fabrication and Testing of a Direct Drive Electric Powered Hammer Mill Machine
Authors: Bucham Justine O. , Muktar Mustapha , Hassan Mukhtar D.
Published: July 2022

This research designed, fabricated and tested a direct drive electric powered hammer mill machine. A 3 HP electric motor with speed of 1800 rpm was used to power the mill. The fundamentals of machine design, mechanics of machine and basic workshop technology were applied in manufacturing the mill. The calculated design values for maximum centrifugal force of the beaters mounted on the rotor and the maximum machine shaft diameter of the mill are 27 KN and 12 mm respectively. The working principle of the mill is based on repeated combined hammers (beaters) impacts and collisions of the materials being milled with the housing of the milling compartment. Tests were carried out on the mill using dry maize, dry millet, dry stock fish and the combination of dry maize, dry millet and dry stock fish as samples to determine the mill productivity and milling efficiency. In determining the productivity and milling efficiency of the mill, the initial masses of the samples were made equal.  The dry stock fish sample produced the highest mill productivity and milling efficiency. The actual mill productivity of 45.05 kg/h and milling efficiency of 91.12 % were obtained by averaging the mill productivities and milling efficiencies obtained when the samples were tested. From the calculated values of the actual mill productivity and milling efficiency, the mill performance is satisfactory.
A Secured Framework for Short Messages Service in Global System for Mobile Communication
Authors: Ahmed Aminu S. , Lawal Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Short Message Service (SMS) has upgraded and elevated our lives and is principal in our livelihood. This service has been driven by the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) which is the most popular standard for mobile telephony systems. As a result, the GSM has constituted the moderate execution of short message service (SMS), which has uplifted mobile phone quality. A proper understanding of the essentials of SMS/MMS security opens the door to prevent some common security. which has fostered the prevention of some common threats in SMS usage. Unfortunately, the SMS does not has any built-in vetting procedure to authenticate the text or provide security for the data/text, and supportive phone facilities are designed without considering the SMS/MMS security aspects. There is also a problem of mobile applications developer and the mobile service providers not knowing the correct identities of the communicating parties, and also the problem of little to no SMS/MMS content confidentiality and integrity during data transmission. This paper is aimed at addressing these problems by focusing on the use of substitution techniques of audio steganography. We achieve our method by having a low robustness against attacks which try to reveal the hidden message. This allows only SMS that is encrypted, and application to multimedia messages needs to be further investigated. Furthermore, encryption is done using substitution cipher methods. We also analyze the security mechanism based on the mobile security requirements and mobile performance capability. Analysis of the security mechanism based on the mobile security requirements and mobile performance capability is carried out. After an exhaustive computer simulation, the performance of the proposed method is confirmed. The result obtained showed that compression ratio achieved is within the range of 0.1 and 0.5, the best achieved so far.
Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil Using Maize (Zea mays) and Mycorrhiza Inoculation
Authors: Yusuf Rafiu Olasunkanmi , Amoloye Mubarak A. , Adeniran Jamiu Adetayo , Abba Ahmad Halilu , Busari Ibrahim Bolaji
Published: July 2022

The phytoextracting capacity of maize (Zea mays) on soil contaminated with brewery waste was determined. The method used was based on the responses of the maize plants grown on four different soils (inoculated and uninoculated, with and without brewery waste) tagged M+B+, M-B+, M+B- and M-B-. These were analysed for mid-rib growth, neurosis, and heavy metals uptake in the plant in addition to soil and pH analysis. Results showed that maize (Zea mays) planted on soil of type M+B+ had a rapid increase in mid-rib size (55.3cm) while the plant grown on the control sample had the lowest size (47.0cm). There were initial increases in plant with neurosis in the inoculated samples which either stabilised or increased while the number in the uninoculated samples reduced with time. The plants grown on inoculated soil had greater heavy metal uptakes of 54–83% except for Cd where the uptake was 33–40% while those grown on uninoculated soil had metal uptakes of 19–52% except for Zn where the uptake was 80–81%. The investigation concluded that maize has the capacity of removing heavy metals from brewery waste and suggested revegetation of the soil to reduce wind and water erosions.
Study of Arsenic Sorption from Soil Using Some Selected Microorganisms and Non-Linear Error-Functions Method of Analysis
Authors: Atikpo Eguakhide , Okonofua Ehizonomen S.
Published: July 2022

This is a Non-linear approach to kinetic evaluation of arsenic sorption from soil using Microorganisms.  Minimization of error functions: average relative error, root-mean-square error, normalized standard deviation and standard error of experiment was applied to compensate for linearizing the non-linear models applied in fitting the laboratory data. The laboratory data was obtained from the study of As removal with cultured indigenous Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Arthrobacter nicotiniae (A. nicotiniae) used for treating As contaminated soil from Amaonye forest, Ebonye state in Nigeria. Analysis revealed that Asernic removal by the organisms was reaction controlled owing to the fact that the removal was dominated by chemical process deduced from pseudo-first-order as highlighted by the minimum ARE value of -2.0324 for K. pneumoniae action and -1.9868 for the action of A. nicotiniae.
Clustering Based Approach for Ground Truth Inference in Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Odumuyiwa Victor T. , Umeanozie Anurika , Sennaike Oladipupo , Adekola Olubukola , Sawyerr Babatunde , Fasina Ebun
Published: July 2022

Crowdsourcing provides a means of gathering data from the public in order to infer what the ground truth label of an unfamiliar entity is. Such data are not used for decision making in their raw form until further processing is done to infer ground truth from the crowdsourced data.  This paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of the ground truth inference ability of three clustering algorithms on crowd sourced datasets with different experimental scenarios (Initializing centroids and extracting class labels). The algorithms include, the self-organizing maps, the k-means and the expectation maximization clustering algorithm.  The three algorithms were experimented on different datasets. The datasets used are Adult2, weather sentiments, emotion, valence5 and employee review dataset Four possible experimental scenarios for inferring the ground truth label from the curated dataset were analysed. The first scenario makes use of the clustering algorithm alone relying on the inner workings of the algorithm to predict the ground truth, while the second scenario makes use of an extract class label mechanism where the ground truth label was inferred by performing a further analysis on the clusters provided by the algorithm. In the third scenario, the centroids of the clustering algorithm were pre-initialized by setting the maximum value in each class from the curated data as a centroid, where centroid might mean something different relative to the particular algorithm. The fourth experimental scenario is a combination of the second and third scenario. Experimental results show that the self-organizing map (SOM) performs best across all the datasets when the weights of the units in the SOM are pre-initialized. SOM had the best performance on the weather sentiments dataset recording 92.49% accuracy and ROC AUC score of 0.88. It also recorded the best overall average accuracy of 50.2% and ROC AUC score of 0.59365 across all the datasets.
Machine Learning Intrusion Detection as a Solution to Security and Privacy Issues in IoT: A Systematic Review
Authors: Darley Olufunke G. , Adenowo Adetokunbo A. , Yussuff Abayomi I. O.
Published: July 2022

Billions of IoT devices are in use worldwide and generate a humongous amount of data for the IoT system. This continuous stream of data is open to attack during its collection, transportation, processing, dissemination and storage cycle. Also, IoT devices themselves are points of system vulnerability through which the system can be attacked. Machine learning (ML), due to its ability to identify inherent patterns and behaviour in data, has been applied by many researchers to IoT data such that strange patterns or intrusions into IoT systems can be speedily detected and real-time decisions on security and privacy (S&P)  protection implemented in a timely manner. Different ML techniques with their different algorithms have provided solutions in various scenarios such that security and privacy requirements for the IoT system can be met. In particular, ML has been successfully applied in intrusion detection and has been shown to perform better than traditional means in flagging new trends of attacks. This paper presents a systematic literature review on ML intrusion detection in IoT. Academic journals from 2011 to 2021 from two databases (IEEE and Proquest) were explored using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. A review of the final selected papers revealed that data preprocessing, feature extraction, model training and deployment of ML-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) increase computational complexity resulting in greater resource requirement (CPU,  memory, and energy); enable ML to be used in the execution of adversarial attacks on IoT devices and networks;  require trade-offs between detection accuracy and false-positive events; and highlight the superior performance of deep learning methods over traditional ML ones in anomaly detection. Generally, the changing nature of attacks makes it difficult for any particular IDS to be able to detect all attack types thus making the development of IDS a continuing project.
Development and Evaluation of an Interactive Instructional Package for Teaching Engineering Graphics Skills
Authors: Ajimotokan Habeeb A. , Ambali Rashidat M. , Rabiu Abdulkareem B. , Ogedengbe Temitayo S. , Ibrahim Hassan K. , Yusuf Mudasir O.
Published: July 2022

Exposure to modern pedagogical approaches and methods with appropriate instructional media can enhance the development of high-level critical thinking and technical skills. This study examined the development of an interactive instructional software package for teaching engineering graphics and evaluated its relative effectiveness on second-year undergraduate engineering students' academic achievement, skill transfer, and retention. In this study, the quasi-experimental, pre-test, post-test, control group design was employed. 45 research participants were sampled, employing two-stage stratified sampling technique, which comprises the simple random sampling to assign students into three groups from the study population and systematic sampling with k = 3 to select 15 students from each group to a control group and experimental groups A and B. The control group was exposed to conventional classroom instruction (CI), group A to computer-aided instruction (CAI); and group B to conventional and computer-aided instructions (CCAIs). A computer-aided learning package on engineering graphics was developed using the Camtasia software package, which served as the treatment instrument. The pre-test and post-test data used for analysis stemmed from a validated Engineering Graphics Achievement Test instrument. Analysis of covariance and Sidak post hoc test statistical analysis of the groups' performance provided the results on the comparative effects of the treatment conditions. Findings indicated significant differences between the academic achievement, skill transfer, and retention of students, exposed to CCAIs, and CI or CAI strategies. When used together, a significant improvement in students' academic achievement, transfer, and retention of engineering graphics skills occurred than either the CI or CAI strategy used alone.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Base Station Assisted Licensed Shared Access
Authors: Onidare Samuel O. , Tiamiyu Osuolale A. , Yusuff Nurudeen O. , Aremu Dayo R. , Ayeni Adeseko A.
Published: July 2022

A major issue in deploying aerial base stations is the strain it places on the already scarce spectrum and the associated required re-design of the radio resource allocations. To solve this problem, we propose a Licensed Shared Access- (LSA-) based aerial-terrestrial system. The proposed scheme is an integration of unmanned aerial vehicle base station (UAV-BS), as a licensee system, utilising the radio spectrum allocated to other wireless systems- the incumbent system, with the ground base-station operating at the traditional frequency band for cellular systems. However, a major challenge in using LSA for D-BSs is the spectrum unavailability while the incumbent system is active. In conventional terrestrial networks, this leads to service unavailability in a wide geographical area. To tackle this, we define a dynamic UAV-BS positioning scheme that takes into account the presence or otherwise of the incumbent on the spectrum (incumbent Busy and, Idle mode) while taking into consideration the spatial capacity demand in the licensee network. In the busy incumbent mode, the problem of the UAV-BS positioning is tantamount to a goal programming problem with the first level priority goal of fulfilling the incumbent’s interference threshold constraint. Simulation result show that in addition to, the proposed (LSA-) based aerial-terrestrial scheme, solving the challenge posed by scarcity of spectrum in aerial base station deployment, a significant improvement in the system efficiency is obtained. It is seen that the proposed dynamic UAV-BS positioning scheme achieved the desired capacity requirement of the licensee network, while ensuring the interference threshold is not exceeded, at a relatively smaller distance of 1000 m to the boundary of the incumbent’s system transmission coverage as opposed to a larger distance of about 19 Km.
A Review of Coating Methods and Their Applications in Compression and Spark-Ignition Engines for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Isaac Festus O.
Published: July 2022

Coating of metallic surfaces such as cylinder heads, cylinder liners, piston heads and exhaust-valves in Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs) has improved engine performance in areas of brake-thermal-efficiency including brake-specific-fuel consumption, etc. This review showed different methods of coating in compression and spark-ignition engines for improved performance using different coating thicknesses on the metallic surfaces. These coating thicknesses may be either minimum or maximum depending on the coating method used. The coating methods discussed in this paper were Thermal Spraying (TS), Physical-Vapour Deposition (PVD), Chemical-Vapour Deposition (CVD) and Ion Implantation methods. Minimum thicknesses were achieved using the PVD, CVD and Ion-Implantation methods. In addition, Sol-Gel and Slurry coatings were also discussed. Having considered these methods of coating, thermal-spraying method was recommended for compression and spark-ignition engines because it produces temperature ranging from 8000 K-14000 K on surfaces with thick coating thicknesses.
Effects of Sesame Straw Ash as a Substitute for Cement on Strength Characteristics of Concrete
Authors: Sulaiman Tasiu A. , Ejeh Stephen P. , Lawan Adamu , Kaura Jibrin M.
Published: July 2022

Concrete is broadly used as a building material across the globe, and its use is raising the need of cement in the construction industries. High price of cement and environmental debasement are the driving problems forcing the researchers to come up with alternative materials from large volumes of agricultural wastes as a partial replacement for cement. This study aims at recycling agricultural waste ash (i.e.  Sesame straw ash) as a substitute for cement in the production of sustainable and environmentally friendly greener concrete. Preliminary tests on constituent materials were conducted in order to find out their physical properties. Influences of sesame straw ash (SSA) on cement paste were looked into for addition of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % by weight of cement. The Compressive and flexural strengths as well as the slump of concrete made with different portions of SSA (i.e. 0 – 25 %) were investigated. A 100 mm cubes and 100 mm X 100 mm X 450 mm beams of SSA-concrete were tested for compressive and flexural strengths at 3, 7, 28, 56 and 90 days of curing in line with procedure outlined in BS 1881-116: (1983) and BS 1881-118: (1983) respectively. The outcomes of the workability test show that as the portion of SSA increases the workability a fresh concrete decreases, but consistency, setting times, and soundness of SSA-cement paste increase as the portion of SSA increases. However, the strengths of SSA-concrete increase as the duration of curing increases, and decrease as the portion of SSA increases. It was detected that strength of concrete produced with 10 % SSA content was beyond the designed strength of 20 N/mm2 at 28 days of curing. Finally, it was concluded that maximum amount of SSA to be used should not exceed 10 % replacement in concrete production.
Design of a Radio Frequency Energy Harvester Impedance Matching Circuit for 2.4 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Tooki Oluwaseun O. , Olubolade Olaide T. , Odaba Alphaeus
Published: July 2022

Energy Harvesting (EH) is the process of capturing energy from external sources and storing it for small wireless autonomous devices. Radio Frequency (RF) EH aims at capturing ambient energy with an antenna and transforms this energy into exploitable power. Different energy fields are available in nature from which energy can be harvested. An impedance matching circuit for an RF energy harvester was designed in this paper. The design is made up of the antenna circuit which captures the RF signals from the mobile and Wi-Fi bands in the atmosphere, and the impedance network that matches between the RF source and the load to capture the power. A Villard voltage multiplier was employed to rectify and step up the captured RF signal into a useable direct current output voltage. Due to the low output voltage obtained after rectification, the voltage was boosted to the power needed for the load. The output of the boost converter was then used to charge a lithium-ion battery. In this paper, Intelligent Schematic Input System proteus professional suite software was used in simulating the designed system. This was used to analyze the performance of each system’s component and to evaluate the quality of the designed circuitry. RF energy harvesters convert electromagnetic waves into usable DC voltage. However, the harvested energy is relatively low to the required voltage. Different techniques have been proposed, but the complexity of energy harvesting persists. This discourages the use of low-power devices. Bridging this gap will improve energy harvesters’ efficiency.
High-Performance Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 Insulator Based Metal-Insulator-Metal Diode
Authors: Etor David , Dodd Linzi Emma , Balocco Claudio
Published: July 2022

The fabrication of metal–insulator– metal (MIM) diode using an ultrathin Al2O3 insulator layer, deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) is presented. The Al2O3 insulating layer was found to be highly uniform throughout the diode junction, effectively overcoming the main fabrication challenge in MIM diodes. The diodes exhibit strong non-linear current–voltage curves, have a typical zero-bias curvature coefficient of 5.4 V−1 and a zero-bias resistance of approximately 118 kΩ, a value considerably smaller than other MIM diode topologies and that allows more current to be rectified. Other results including current ratio and yield of the diode also competes favorably with the state-of-the-art MIM diodes such as the recently produced metal-octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-metal structure.