bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect Localization and Root Cause Analysis on e-Fuse Read Reliability Failure
Authors: Chen Hung Chin , Tsai Chih Yang , Liu Shih Yuan , Chang Yu Pang , Lin Jian Chang
Published: December 2020

Fault isolation is the most important step for Failure Analysis (FA), and it is closely linked with the success rate of failure mechanism finding. In this paper, we will introduce a case that hard to debug with traditional FA skills. In order to find out its root cause, several advanced techniques such as layout tracing, circuit edit and Infrared Ray–Optical Beam Induced Resistance Change (IR-OBIRCH) analysis had been applied. The circuit edit was performed following layout tracing for depositing probing pads by Focused Ion Beam (FIB). Then, IR-OBIRCH analysis with biasing on the two FIB deposited probing pads and a failure location was detected. Finally, the root cause of inter- metal layer bridge was found in subsequent physical failure analysis.
How Xe and Ga FIB Differ in Inducing Lateral Damage on TEM Samples
Authors: Hrnčíř Tomáš , Oboňa Jozef Vincenc , Petrenec Martin , Michalička Jan , Lang Christian
Published: December 2020

Reducing FIB induced damage on TEM samples is very important in order to preserve the sample structure, especially on modern semiconductor devices. We have compared the damage caused by Ga ion beam to our measurements of the damage caused by Xe ion beam and came to the conclusion that Xe ion beam induced damage is significantly lower at 30 keV beam energy. This has been proven by several independent analytical methods. Our results show that TEM sample preparation by Xe ion beam causes less amorphous damage and increase the quality of the lamella and in many cases it will allow to prepare the lamella by finishing it even at 30 keV, without the final cleaning step at the low beam energy. Final polishing step by Xe beam at beam energy 3 keV further reduces the amorphous layer, but the difference against Ga beam is not so significant like at 30 keV.
Patterning in an Imperfect World—Limitations of Focused Ion Beam Systems and Their Effects on Advanced Applications at the 14 nm Process Node
Authors: Scheffler Christopher M. , Livengood Richard H. , Prakasam Haripriya E. , Phaneuf Michael W. , Lagarec Ken
Published: December 2020

This paper provides information on ion beam dose delivery and machining a perfect pattern in an ideal world and summarizes the various beam control limitations of the current generation systems. It discusses conventional and proposed solutions to these limitations and highlights their effect on minimum dimension nanomachining applications at the 14 nm Si process node and beyond. The paper highlights the solutions that can be implemented to help negate inconsequential effects of systems. With that in mind, the most significant of these factors in limiting a tool's ability to complete a perfect pattern can be grouped into two categories: timing and placement and non-uniform dose delivery. With good understanding and discipline, most of these issues described can be corrected, significantly minimized, or simply avoided.
Temperature-Dependent Die Warpage Measurements Up to 400°C
Authors: Mittereder Tobias , Ferstl Bernhard , Heidmann Terry , Hollerith Christian
Published: December 2020

Temperature-dependent die warpage measurements show the possibility to analyze the thermomechanical behavior during assembly, e.g. within soldering processes. The warpage data acquisition is realized by confocal chromatic white light profilometry in combination with a precision heating/cooling chuck encapsulated in a chamber with optical access. The combination of these two tools allows precise die warpage evaluation under varied device temperature up to +400°C. This method helps to solve emerging challenges due to warpage during assembly of state of the art packages including thin dies and stacked dies as in e.g. 3D-SIPs.
Fast and Robust Topology-Based Logic Gate Identification for Automated IC Reverse Engineering
Authors: Durà Roger , Pallarès Jofre , Quijada Raúl , Formatjé Xavier , Hidalgo Salvador , Serra-Graells Francisco
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes a compact and robust topology descriptor for the automated identification of logic gates during the reverse engineering of full integrated circuits (ICs). This gate signature proves to be very insensitive to technology scaling, device sizing or layout extraction accuracy. Based on this new descriptor, an automated gate identification tool named Gate-X is implemented on top of commercial IC design tools. The speed tests for a practical 100k-gate digital IC example show that the complete sea of gates can be identified in a few hours.
Case Study of a DDR Loopback Test Failure Encountered on a Map Ball Grid Array Packaged Device
Authors: Garcia Jose Z. , Dickson Kris
Published: December 2020

This paper describes how a DDR loopback test failure was analyzed successfully after being repackaged from an MBGA into a TBGA package substrate. DDR loopback test methodology is discussed as well as the advanced failure analysis techniques that were used to identify the root cause of failure.
Coating-Based PCB Protection against Tampering, Snooping, EM Attack, and X-ray Reverse Engineering
Authors: Shen Haoting , Rahman M Tanjidur , Asadizanjani Navid , Tehranipoor Mark , Bhunia Swarup
Published: December 2020

In the last decades, the supply chain of printed circuit boards (PCBs) becomes distributed with growing complexity of PCB designs and the economic trend of outsourcing the PCB manufacturing. This makes the PCBs more vulnerable to security attacks, such as tampering, snooping, and electromagnetic (EM) attacks. Because of the large feature size of PCBs (compared to integrated circuits), it is challenging to protect the PCBs from those attacks or proof the suspected attacks. For the same reason, PCBs are vulnerable to non-invasive reverse engineering by X-ray tomography as well. In this paper, we propose a novel silicon carbide (SiC) coating technique to provide passive protection for PCBs from in-field tampering, snooping and EM attacks. In addition, capacitive sensors are designed based on the SiC coating, offering active defense against those attacks. The coating and sensors can be implemented on PCBs in cost-efficient ways and the area overheads are minimized. The insulating coating also allows an extra tungsten-based painting to be applied to prevent the X-ray reverse engineering.
MiR-3666 serves as a tumor suppressor in ovarian carcinoma by down-regulating AK4 via targeting STAT3
Authors: Tan Huiping , Wu Chunlin , Huang Bo , Jin Lei , Jiang Xiangbing
Published: December 2020

As a result of metastasis and high recurrence, ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most frequent gynecological carcinomas affecting women up to now. In spite of advances in OC treatments, the molecular mechanisms underlying OC progression are still needed to be deeply understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with aberrant expressions are widely known to regulate target genes so as to mediate diverse biological activities of tumor cells. In the present study, we inspected the expression profile and latent mechanism of miR-3666 in OC. First of all, our research revealed the down-regulated miR-3666 in OC cells. Furthermore, miR-3666 up-regulation could repress cell proliferation and migration as well as induce cell apoptosis in OC. In addition, we unmasked that miR-3666 targeted STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and further down-regulated STAT3 expression. Moreover, adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) was transcriptionally enhanced by STAT3, and then miR-3666 restrained AK4 expression by mediating STAT3. In the end, rescue experiments depicted that miR-3666 suppressed the development of OC via STAT3-mediated AK4. We uncovered that miR-3666 inhibited the tumorigenesis and even development of OC via suppressing STAT3/AK4 axis, offering a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for OC.
Constructing Node-Independent Spanning Trees in Augmented Cubes
Authors: Cheng Baolei , Fan Jianxi , Lyu Qiang , Lin Cheng-Kuan , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Guo
Published: December 2020

For a network, edge/node-independent spanning trees (ISTs) can not only tolerate faulty edges/nodes, but also be used to distribute secure messages. As important node-symmetric variants of the hypercubes, the augmented cubes have received much attention from researchers. The n-dimensional augmented cube AQn is both (2n ‒ 1)-edge-connected and (2n ‒ 1)-nodeconnected (n ≢ 3), thus the well-known edge conjecture and node conjecture of ISTs are both interesting questions in AQn. So far, the edge conjecture on augmented cubes was proved to be true. However, the node conjecture on AQn is still open. In this paper, we further study the construction principle of the node-ISTs by using the double neighbors of every node in the higher dimension. We prove the existence of 2k − 1 node-ISTs rooted at node 0 in A Q n ( 00...0 ︸ n−k )(n≥k≥4) by proposing an ingenious way of construction and propose a corresponding O(NlogN) time algorithm, where N = 2k is the number of nodes in A Q n ( 00...0 ︸ n−k ) .
Structured Gaussian Process Regression of Music Mood
Authors: Chapaneri Santosh , Jayaswal Deepak
Published: December 2020

Modeling the music mood has wide applications in music categorization, retrieval, and recommendation systems; however, it is challenging to computationally model the affective content of music due to its subjective nature. In this work, a structured regression framework is proposed to model the valence and arousal mood dimensions of music using a single regression model at a linear computational cost. To tackle the subjectivity phenomena, a confidence-interval based estimated consensus is computed by modeling the behavior of various annotators (e.g. biased, adversarial) and is shown to perform better than using the average annotation values. For a compact feature representation of music clips, variational Bayesian inference is used to learn the Gaussian mixture model representation of acoustic features and chord-related features are used to improve the valence estimation by probing the chord progressions between chroma frames. The dimensionality of features is further reduced using an adaptive version of kernel PCA. Using an efficient implementation of twin Gaussian process for structured regression, the proposed work achieves a significant improvement in R2 for arousal and valence dimensions relative to state-of-the-art techniques on two benchmark datasets for music mood estimation.
Entropy difference and kernel-based oversampling technique for imbalanced data learning
Authors: Wu Xu , Yang Youlong , Ren Lingyu
Published: December 2020

Class imbalance is often a problem in various real-world datasets, where one class contains a small number of data and the other contains a large number of data. It is notably difficult to develop an effective model using traditional data mining and machine learning algorithms without using data preprocessing techniques to balance the dataset. Oversampling is often used as a pretreatment method for imbalanced datasets. Specifically, synthetic oversampling techniques focus on balancing the number of training instances between the majority class and the minority class by generating extra artificial minority class instances. However, the current oversampling techniques simply consider the imbalance of quantity and pay no attention to whether the distribution is balanced or not. Therefore, this paper proposes an entropy difference and kernel-based SMOTE (EDKS) which considers the imbalance degree of dataset from distribution by entropy difference and overcomes the limitation of SMOTE for nonlinear problems by oversampling in the feature space of support vector machine classifier. First, the EDKS method maps the input data into a feature space to increase the separability of the data. Then EDKS calculates the entropy difference in kernel space, determines the majority class and minority class, and finds the sparse regions in the minority class. Moreover, the proposed method balances the data distribution by synthesizing new instances and evaluating its retention capability. Our algorithm can effectively distinguish those datasets with the same imbalance ratio but different distribution. The experimental study evaluates and compares the performance of our method against state-of-the-art algorithms, and then demonstrates that the proposed approach is competitive with the state-of-art algorithms on multiple benchmark imbalanced datasets.
Multiclass spectral feature scaling method for dimensionality reduction
Authors: Matsuda Momo , Morikuni Keiichi , Imakura Akira , Ye Xiucai , Sakurai Tetsuya
Published: December 2020

Irregular features disrupt the desired classification. In this paper, we consider aggressively modifying scales of features in the original space according to the label information to form well-separated clusters in low-dimensional space. The proposed method exploits spectral clustering to derive scaling factors that are used to modify the features. Specifically, we reformulate the Laplacian eigenproblem of the spectral clustering as an eigenproblem of a linear matrix pencil whose eigenvector has the scaling factors. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method outperforms well-established supervised dimensionality reduction methods for toy problems with more samples than features and real-world problems with more features than samples.
Evaluation of students’ IELTS writing ability based on machine learning and neural network algorithm
Authors: Yiran Liu
Published: December 2020

With the increase of social development and international communication, more and more Chinese candidates take IELTS test as the basis of study and work. IELTS is more difficult than national CET-4 and CET-6, listening and reading are the process of students “entering” language, they accept it passively; words, writing and translation are students”’ exit “language process, which lays the foundation for” writing “. Writing is a second language and one of the main indicators of students’ ability to use English. It is not only an important way to communicate ideas, emotional expressions and cultural exchanges, but also reflects the language ability, communication ability and thinking level of English. Therefore, English writing ability is an important index of students’ English professional ability and an important aspect of students’ English professional training. This study identified the following research tasks: according to the established measurement and evaluation indicators, the students’ writing ability was evaluated and the students’ writing ability was evaluated.
Visual recognition and performance prediction of athletes based on target tracking EIA algorithm
Authors: Xianpeng Dai
Published: December 2020

In the past, the research of target tracking was often to track problems in a static background, and the tracking scenes were often stable, and the targets were special. However, target tracking is often a tracking problem in the face of realistic complex scenes, and the target and scene are more complex. Therefore, the target tracking algorithm still faces many challenges in practical applications, especially in sports visual feature recognition. Based on the needs of sports feature recognition, this study combines the EIA algorithm to construct a feature recognition model. Moreover, for the shortcomings of the compressed sensing tracking algorithm that cannot accurately and comprehensively describe the target shape through a single target feature, the multi-feature adaptive fusion method is used to visualize the target appearance model, thus improving the accuracy of target tracking. In addition, this study design experiments to analyze the performance of the algorithm model. The research results show that the algorithm model of this study has certain recognition effects.
Research on electrochemical discharge machining based on image features and SVM algorithm
Authors: Bian Jianxiao , Ma Baoji
Published: December 2020

The electrochemical discharge machining process is affected by many factors, so the machining process is difficult to be qualitatively analyzed. In order to further understand the characteristics of the electrochemical discharge machining process and better master the machining skills, based on the image features, this article uses the SVM algorithm to build an electrochemical discharge machining system, and uses image feature recognition technology to effectively control the electrochemical discharge machining process. Moreover, this article analyzes the laser back-wet etching process mechanism and discusses the material removal mechanism of electrochemical discharge machining according to the three processes of bubble generation, gas layer formation, and spark discharge removal material. In addition, this article analyzes the system performance according to the actual situation and displays the results through statistical methods. The research results show that the electrochemical discharge machining system based on image features and SVM algorithm constructed in this paper has a good effect, and it can be applied to the management and control of the electrochemical discharge machining process.
Chemistry course network teaching based on key information search and big data cloud platform
Authors: Ting Xue
Published: December 2020

At present, the theoretical and experimental teaching parts of chemistry teaching are difficult to present through online teaching, and the teaching effect is difficult to effectively improve. In order to improve the effect of online teaching of chemistry courses and discover the problems in teaching in a timely and effective manner, this paper builds the corresponding teaching system, optimizes the performance of the system with key information search and big data cloud platform, improves the data mining ability and data analysis ability, and improves the system running speed. Moreover, this article constructs functional modules according to the actual needs of chemistry course network teaching and constructs sub-modules for functional modules. The constructed model can be displayed in the form of a webpage, and the model has the ability of data mining and problem analysis of chemistry course network teaching. In addition, in order to verify the effect of the model, this paper designs experiments to analyze its performance. The research results show that the system constructed in this paper has good performance.
Construction of network open teaching platform of analytical chemistry based on facial recognition and artificial intelligence
Authors: Wenyan Nie
Published: December 2020

The theoretical and experimental teaching part of analytical chemistry is relatively boring, so it is difficult to improve the teaching results of analytical chemistry through the traditional network teaching mode. In this paper, based on the actual situation and based on the facial recognition algorithm, this paper uses artificial intelligence algorithm to build an open network teaching platform for analytical chemistry. Moreover, this paper improves the traditional adaptive genetic algorithm, and introduces a directional perturbation operator to non-linearize the adaptive adjustment probability. In algorithm design and simulation experiments, an improved genetic algorithm based on t distribution is used as an example to prove the effectiveness of the method in this paper. The platform constructed in this article is mainly applied to the teaching of analytical chemistry. The teaching of analytical chemistry includes theoretical teaching and experimental teaching. In addition, according to the actual needs of teaching, this article conducts research and analysis on the platform through theoretical teaching and experimental teaching. The research results show that the constructed teaching platform has good performance.
Three-dimensional image art design based on dynamic image detection and genetic algorithm
Authors: Xuerui Cao
Published: December 2020

The three-dimensional intelligent simulation of image art design is an important means of current image art design, which is affected by many factors. The traditional 3D intelligent simulation technology has certain defects, which leads to certain defects in 3D artwork. This paper builds a three-dimensional art design system based on dynamic image detection and genetic algorithm. The system simulates the actual dehazing method, and this paper proposes a dehazing algorithm suitable for this system and proposes to use bilateral filtering instead of median filtering. Because bilateral filtering has good edge retention, it can eliminate the blockiness caused by median filtering. Moreover, this paper uses FMM (Fast Marching Method) algorithm to repair the image. In order to verify the performance of the model, this paper conducts quantitative evaluation through system simulation and user satisfaction survey methods. The research results show that the method proposed in this paper has a certain effect and can be applied to practice.
Simulation of football sport PID controller based on BP neural network
Authors: Lv Qiangguo
Published: December 2020

Multi-agent reinforcement learning in football simulation can be extended by single-agent reinforcement learning. However, compared with single agents, the learning space of multi-agents will increase dramatically with the increase in the number of agents, so the learning difficulty will also increase. Based on BP neural network as the model structure foundation, this research combines PID controller to control the process of model operation. In order to improve the calculation accuracy to improve the control effect, the prediction output is obtained through the prediction model instead of the actual measured value. In addition, with the football robot as the object, this research studies the multi-agent reinforcement learning problem and its application in the football robot. The content includes single-agent reinforcement learning, multi-agent system reinforcement learning, and ball hunting, role assignment, and action selection in football robot decision strategies based on this. The simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has certain effects.
Optimizing a RFID-UAV cattle search tour
Authors: Freed Tali , Carson Victoria C. , Doerr Kenneth H.
Published: December 2020

We present a path determination method for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a radio frequency identification (RFID) interrogation system. UAV path design is one of the main factors influencing the cost of UAV inventory management systems. A case study for using a path-optimized UAV-RFID system is presented. In this case study the RFID-UAV travels above the pastures of an extensive cattle ranch scanning the RFID tags attached to the cattle in order to detect their locations. Since the UAV battery limits the flight time, the UAV path must be segmented and landing locations for recharging or battery replacement must be determined. Scanning a cattle RFID tag requires the UAV to fly within a certain distance from the animal, as opposed to approaching the animal’s exact location. The reading distance (RD) of the RFID equipment determines the allowable distance. We use an easy-to-explain method to determine the UAV path. We generate a RD-based hexagonal tiling of the pasture and minimize the UAV path such that it visits all the tile center points. Based on the current UAV system configuration and environmental conditions, the optimal UAV tour allows for the scan of each pasture segment’s animals to be completed within the battery-limited flight time. A case study was performed at the California Polytechnic (Cal Poly) State University’s Escuela and Walters Ranches. The RFID-UAV system solution is estimated to be 62%faster than the current cattle scanning practice, which requires ranch employees to search for and scan each animal from close proximity.
FGF19 and FGF21 for the Treatment of NASH—Two Sides of the Same Coin? Differential and Overlapping Effects of FGF19 and FGF21 From Mice to Human
Authors: Henriksson Emma , Andersen Birgitte
Published: December 2020

FGF19 and FGF21 analogues are currently in clinical development for the potential treatment of NASH. In Phase 2 clinical trials analogues of FGF19 and FGF21 decrease hepatic steatosis with up to 70% (MRI-PDFF) after 12 weeks and as early as 12–16 weeks of treatment an improvement in NASH resolution and fibrosis has been observed. Therefore, this class of compounds is currently of great interest in the field of NASH. FGF19 and FGF21 belong to the endocrine FGF19 subfamily and both require the co-receptor beta-klotho for binding and signalling through the FGF receptors. FGF19 is expressed in the ileal enterocytes and is released into the enterohepatic circulation in response to bile acids stimuli and in the liver FGF19 inhibits hepatic bile acids synthesis by transcriptional regulation of Cyp7A1, which is the rate limiting enzyme. FGF21 is, on the other hand, highly expressed in the liver and is released in response to high glucose, high free-fatty acids and low amino-acid supply and regulates energy, glucose and lipid homeostasis by actions in the CNS and in the adipose tissue. FGF19 and FGF21 are differentially expressed, have distinct target tissues and separate physiological functions. It is therefore of peculiar interest to understand why treatment with both FGF19 and FGF21 analogues have strong beneficial effects on NASH parameters in mice and human and whether the mode of action is overlapping This review will highlight the physiological and pharmacological effects of FGF19 and FGF21. The potential mode of action behind the anti-steatotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of FGF19 and FGF21 will be discussed. Finally, development of drugs is always a risk benefit analysis and the human relevance of adverse effects observed in pre-clinical species as well as findings in humans will be discussed. The aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of this drug class for the potential treatment of NASH.
3D Photogrammetry Reveals Dynamics of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD) Lesion Progression Across a Thermal Stress Event
Authors: Meiling Sonora , Muller Erinn M. , Smith Tyler B. , Brandt Marilyn E.
Published: December 2020

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) was first observed in the United States Virgin Islands in January 2019 on a reef at Flat Cay off the island of St. Thomas. A year after its emergence, the disease had spread to several reefs around St. Thomas causing significant declines in overall coral cover. Rates of tissue loss are an important metric in the study of coral disease ecology, as they can inform many aspects of etiology such as disease susceptibility and resistance among species, and provide critical parameters for modeling the effects of disease among heterogenous reef communities. The present study quantified tissue loss rates attributed to SCTLD among six abundant reef building species (Colpophyllia natans, Montastraea cavernosa, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Pseudodiploria strigosa, Orbicella annularis, and Porites astreoides). Field-based 3D models of diseased corals, taken approximately weekly, indicated that the absolute rates of tissue loss from SCTLD slowed through time, corresponding with the accumulation of thermal stress that led to mass bleaching. Absolute tissue loss rates were comparable among species prior to the bleaching event but diverged during and remained different after the bleaching event. Proportional tissue loss rates did not vary among species or through time, but there was considerable variability among M. cavernosa colonies. SCTLD poses a significant threat to reefs across the Caribbean due to its persistence through time, wide range of susceptible coral species, and unprecedented tissue loss rates. Intervention and management efforts should be increased during and immediately following thermal stress events in order maximize resource distribution when disease prevalence is decreased.
CTRP5-Overexpression Attenuated Ischemia-Reperfusion Associated Heart Injuries and Improved Infarction Induced Heart Failure
Authors: Peng Meng , Liu Yuan , Zhang Xiang-qin , Xu Ya-wei , Zhao Yin-tao , Yang Hai-bo
Published: December 2020

Aims: C1q/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related protein 5 (CTRP5) belongs to the C1q/TNF-α related protein family and regulates glucose, lipid metabolism, and inflammation production. However, the roles of CTRP5 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) associated with cardiac injuries and heart failure (HF) needs to be elaborated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of CTRP5 in I/R associated cardiac injuries and heart failure.

Materials and Methods: Adeno-associated virus serum type 9 （AAV9）vectors were established for CTRP5 overexpression in a mouse heart (AAV9-CTRP5 mouse). AAV9-CTRP5, AMPKα2 global knock out （AMPKα2−/−）and AAV9-CTRP5+ AMPKα2−/− mice were used to establish cardiac I/R or infarction associated HF models to investigate the roles and mechanisms of CTRP5 in vivo. Isolated neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMS) transfected with or without CTRP5 adenovirus were used to establish a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/O) model to study the roles and mechanisms of CTRP5 in vitro.

Key Findings: CTRP5 was up-regulated after MI but was quickly down-regulated. CTRP5 overexpression significantly decreased I/R induced IA/AAR and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and attenuated infarction area, and improved cardiac functions. Mechanistically, CTRP5 overexpression markedly increased AMPKα2 and ACC phosphorylation and PGC1-α expression but inhibited mTORC1 phosphorylation. In in vitro experiments, CTRP5 overexpression could also enhance AMPKα2 and ACC phosphorylation and protect against H/O induced cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Finally, we showed that CTPR5 overexpression could not protect against I/R associated cardiac injuries and HF in AMPKα2−/− mice.

Significance: CTRP5 overexpression protected against I/R induced mouse cardiac injuries and attenuated myocardial infarction induced cardiac dysfunction by activating the AMPKαsignaling pathway.
Influence of Glycyrrhiza glabra Extract on Growth, Gene Expression of Gut Integrity, and Campylobacter jejuni Colonization in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Ibrahim Doaa , Sewid Alaa H. , Arisha Ahmed H. , abd El-fattah Amir H. , Abdelaziz Adel M. , Al-Jabr Omar A. , Kishawy Asmaa T. Y.
Published: December 2020

Phytogenic feed additives have been gaining considerable interest due to their ability to improve gut health and thereby performance of broiler chickens. The impact ofGlycyrrhiza glabra(licorice) extract (GE) on expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins and gut protection andCampylobacter jejunicolonization in broilers has not been discussed until now. Thus, the current study assessed the effective dose of GE for maximum growth in broiler chickens, clear-cut molecular mechanisms related to integrity and health of intestine, and controllingC. jejunicolonization. Over a 35-day feeding period, a total of 500 Ross broiler chicks were allocated to five groups; the first group was fed a control diet without GE and the second group to the fifth group were fed a control diet with GE (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg of diet); each group comprised 100 chicks with 10 replicates (10 birds/replicate). Birds fed GE had an improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Furthermore, the highest body weight gain was observed in the group that received 1 g/kg of GE (P< 0.05). The expression of genes coding for tight junction proteins [occludin and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM)] was upregulated in all groups supplemented with GE. Moreover, birds fed 1 g/kg of GE exhibited the maximum gene expression of occludin and JAM [0.2 and 0.3 fold change, respectively (P< 0.05)]. In relation to enterocyte protective genes [glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP-6)], use of GE significantly upregulated expression of GLP-2 gene with 0.8 fold change in 2 g/kg of the GE supplemented group (P< 0.05) while the expression of FABP-6 gene was not affected by GE supplementation (P> 0.05). After challenge withC. jejuni, the expression of mucin (MUC-2) gene was upregulated and the inflammatory markers such as Toll-like receptors (TLR-4) and interleukin (IL-1β) were downregulated with increasing level of supplemented GE (P< 0.05). The mean log10count ofC. jejuniin cecal samples after 7 days post-infection by culture and real-time qPCR was decreased in groups fed GE in a dose-dependent manner (P< 0.05). In addition, the highest reduction ofC. jejunicount in cecal samples by culture and real-time qPCR was observed in the group fed 2 g/kg of GE (2.58 and 2.28 log10CFU/g, respectively). Results from this study suggested thatG. glabraextract (1 g/kg) improved growth performance of broiler chickens, as well as influenced the maintenance of intestinal integrity and reducedC. jejunishedding from infected birds.
CRYPTOCURRENCY, NILAI TUKAR DAN REAL ASSET TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERBANKAN INDONESIA YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Sihombing Marganda Saut Parulian , Nawir Jubaedah , Mulyantini Sri
Published: December 2020

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh Cryptocurrency, Nilai Tukar dan Real Asset terhadap Harga Saham pada Perbankan Indonesia yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016- 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain explanatory research. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan perbankan yang listed di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang berjumlah 43 perusahaan perbankan. Penarikan jumlah sampel menggunakan metode probability sampling dengan teknik simple random sampling, dan berdasarkan rumus slovin jumlah minimum yang di jadikan sampel sebanyak 39 perusahaan. Teknikoanalisispdata menggunakan analisisyregresii lineariberganda dengan menggunakan program Eviews 7.Hasil hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa Cryptocurrency berpengaruh positif terhadap Harga Saham. Nilai Tukar Rupiah berpengaruh positif terhadap Harga Saham. Harga Emas berpengaruh positif terhadap Harga Saham. Untuk itu disarankan kepada calon investor yang ingin membeli saham agar terlebih dahulu melihat kondisi pasar saham berdasarkan analisa makro ekonomi seperti cryptocurrency, nilai tukar rupiah dan harga emas dunia, karena ketiga faktor ini terbukti dapat mempengaruhi naik turunnya harga saham sektor perbankan.
La persistencia de la visión andina de la muerte en el virreinato del Perú
Authors: Negro Sandra
Published: December 2020

Abstract/short description:

The article describes the persistence of Andean system of beliefs related with death. It discusses the portrayal of death in colonial sources, namely the concepts disseminated by Christian missionaries. The "Mallquis" are an of Andean death related tradition. Mallquis are cults of the ancestors' skeletons. Such practices were regarded by the Catholic Church as a form of idolatry and the Church fiercely opposed them.

Short description written by Michal Gilewski
Неконфессиональный мистицизм Н.А. Бердяева
Authors: Берилло Иван Викторович
Published: December 2020

В статье на примере творчества Николая Александровича Бердяева рассматривается сущность мистики и проблемы мистицизма в целом. В работе утверждается, что мистическое учение русского мыслителя имеет особый внеконфессиональный характер. Подчеркивается, что в центре его философии находятся вопросы бытия, духа, свободы, смерти, творчества человека, которые рассматриваются в мистическом ключе. Отмечается, что в своих трудах Бердяев направляет человека к познанию себя, к борьбе за свою свободу. Делается вывод, что у Бердяева через познание мистики происходит познание себя и единение с Богом. В работе анализируются ключевые для русской философии Серебряного века понятия духовности, свободы и творчества. Анализ внеконфессионального мистицизма Николая Бердяева позволяет раскрыть наиболее сложные и глубокие вопросы человеческого существования.
Moralność publiczna a konstytucyjne podstawy ochrony zwierząt
Authors: Pietrzykowski Tomasz
Published: December 2020

Problematyka konstytucyjnych podstaw prawodawstwa ochrony zwierząt stanowi kluczowy warunek rozstrzygania sporów o granice dopuszczalności ograniczeń praw i wolności obywatelskich, dokonywanych w imię humanitarnej ochrony zwierząt jako istot zdolnych do odczuwania cierpienia. W odróżnieniu od rosnącej liczby krajów, w Polsce konstytucja nie zawiera żadnego wyraźnego przepisu nakazującego prawną ochronę zwierząt. Jej podstawy poszukiwać można jednak w pojęciu moralności publicznej zawartym w art. 31 ust. 3 Konstytucji. Analiza tego pojęcia wskazuje na konieczność jego interpretacji w świetle przede wszystkim uznanego społecznie katalogu podstawowych wartości moralnych. Wymaga także odróżnienia pozytywnego i krytycznego ujęcia funkcjonujących w społeczeństwie przekonań i postaw moralnych. Moralność publiczną w rozumieniu konstytucyjnym należy utożsamiać raczej z moralnością krytyczną, stanowiącą rodzaj racjonalnej rekonstrukcji faktycznych przekonań i praktyk moralnych rozpowszechnionych w społeczeństwie. Racje humanitarnej ochrony zwierząt w sposób niebudzący wątpliwości mieszczą się w tak rozumianym pojęciu moralności publicznej.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Health and Budget Impact
Authors: Johnston K. M. , Sheffield B. S. , Yip S. , Lakzadeh P. , Qian C. , Nam J.
Published: December 2020

Background: Single-gene tests and hotspot panels targeting specific subsets of biomarkers constitute the Canadian genomic testing landscape for non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc). However, newer testing options such as comprehensive genomic profiling (cgp) offer improved detection rates and identification of multiple classes of genomic alterations in a single assay, minimizing tissue requirements and turnaround time. The objective of the present analysis was to assess the health and budget impacts of adopting cgp testing for nsclc in Canada. Methods: This study assessed the impact of funding the cgp tests FoundationOne CDx and FoundationOne Liquid (Foundation Medicine, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A.) over a 3-year time horizon using a Canadian societal perspective for Ontario. Conventional testing strategies were summarized into two reference scenarios: a series of single-gene tests only, and reflex single-gene testing followed by a hotspot panel for negative results. Four adoption scenarios for cgp testing were considered: replacing all single-gene and hotspot panel testing, replacing hotspot panel testing only, use after negative single-gene and hotspot testing, and use of FoundationOne Liquid in individuals with insufficient tissue for conventional testing. Results: When cgp testing was assumed to replace all conventional testing with 50% uptake, the budget impact per person per year ranged from $0.71 to $0.87, depending on the reference scenario, with a 3-year gain of 680.9 life–years and 3831 working days over the full cohort. Conclusions: Given the present testing landscape for patients with nsclc in Canada, listing cgp testing could optimize the selection of appropriately targeted treatments, and thus add life–years and productivity for this population, with a minimal budget impact.
PHÂN TÍCH MỐI QUAN HỆ GIỮA HÌNH ẢNH ĐIỂM ĐẾN, SỰ HÀI LÒNG, VÀ HÀNH VI TRUYỀN MIỆNG ĐIỆN TỬ CỦA DU KHÁCH NỘI ĐỊA ĐỐI VỚI LÀNG HOA SA ĐÉC
Authors: Tuấn Huỳnh Quốc
Published: December 2020

Nghiên cứu nhằm phân tích mối quan hệ giữa hình ảnh điểm đến, sự hài lòng, và hành vi truyền miệng điện tử (EWOM) của 215 du khách nội địa. Tác giả sử dụng phương pháp phân tích và kiểm định mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (SEM). Nghiên cứu đã tiến hành đánh giá mô hình đo lường và mô hình cấu trúc. Kết quả cho thấy hình ảnh thuộc về nhận thức tác động trực tiếp đến hình ảnh thuộc về cảm xúc; Hình ảnh thuộc về nhận thức và hình ảnh thuộc về cảm xúc tác động trực tiếp đến sự hài lòng du khách và sự hài lòng du khách tác động trực tiếp đến hành vi truyền miệng điện tử. Ngoài ra, nghiên cứu này cũng chỉ ra rằng hình ảnh thuộc về nhận thức có tác động gián tiếp đến sự hài lòng du khách thông qua hình ảnh thuộc về cảm xúc và hình ảnh thuộc về cảm xúc có tác động gián tiếp đến hành vi truyền miệng điện tử thông qua sự hài lòng du khách.
EXTRACCIÓN Y CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ALGINATO DE SODIO DE LA MACROALGA Macrocystis pyrifera
Authors: Ore B. Yerald , Pichilingue L E. Renzo , Valderrama Negrón Ana C.
Published: December 2020

En el presente trabajo se propuso un proceso de extracción de alginato de sodio, el cual fue obtenido a partir de la macroalga parda Macrocystis pyrifera recolectada en La Punta- Callao. El proceso de extracción presentó un rendimiento del 12 % y el alginato obtenido fue caracterizado mediante las técnicas de IR-TF y RMN 13C en estado sólido, el cual fue comparado con un alginato comercial. Se ha llevado a cabo la evaluación de la presencia de bloques manurónicos y gulurónicos IR-TF, mediante el uso de la 2da derivada obteniendo señales características a 894 cm-1 para C1-H α–L–gulurónico del alginato extraído de la macroalga Macrocystis pyrifera (AlgM) y a 885 cm-1 para la región anomérica C1-H del β–D– manurónico para el alginato comercial de Sigma Aldrich (AlgC). Asimismo, se asignaron señales características para el espectro del alga a 902 cm-1 y a 812 cm-1 correspondiente a vibraciones de los bloques α–L–gulurónico. Mediante 13C RMN en estado sólido se obtuvo un pico característico a 102,4 ppm para AlgM asociado al carbono anomérico C1-H α–L– gulurónico, mientras que en AlgC se visualizaron dos picos a 101,8 ppm y a 99,8 ppm asignados a C1-H α–L–gulurónico y C1-H β–D–manurónico, respectivamente, indicando así la presencia tanto de bloques G y bloques M en el alginato comercial.
A Framework for the Use of Immersive Virtual Reality in Learning Environments
Authors: Mulders Miriam , Buchner Josef , Kerres Michael
Published: December 2020

Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR) technologies can enrich teaching and learning environments, but their use is often technology-driven and instructional con-cepts are missing. The design of iVR-technology-supported learning environ-ments should base on both, an evidence-based educational model as well as on features specific to iVR. Therefore, the article provides a framework for the use of iVR in learning environments based on the Cognitive Theory of Multi-media Learning (CTML). It outlines how iVR learning environments could and should be designed based on current knowledge from research on Multimedia Learning.
The Effect of Stressful Factors, Locus of Control and Age on Emotional Labour and Burnout among Further and Adult Education Teachers in the U.K.
Authors: Rasheed-Karim Walifa
Published: December 2020

The literature reveals that there are associations between a large number of factors occurring in the classroom and at schools and colleges, and that these impinge on the wellbeing of teachers in terms of emotional labour and burnout. However, most studies are cross-cultural and there has yet to be reliable and valid research conducted into the major occurrences of stressful elements that impinge on teachers in Further Education (FE) and adult education. Furthermore, the extent to which stressors found in FE and adult education are associated with emotional labour and burnout has yet to be elucidated. The literature shows that age is a mediator of both burnout and stress among the older and more experienced teaching staff. Furthermore, locus of control (LOC) is discussed as an important individual difference in moderating stress levels of teachers. This paper investigates the extent to which teachers in FE experience emotional labour and burnout with respect to age and LOC, and how this moderates stress levels. From a survey and focus group interview, the results show that gender and ethnicity, as well as age, had an effect on what teachers found stressful, the frequency and kind of emotional labour they experience, and their particular experiences of burnout. It is suggested that results could be implemented when considering the design of working conditions for individual teachers.
Comparison of motivation of different age groups in sports ballroom dancing
Authors: Lopushanskaya Anna-Maria
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the individual traits and various motivations of athletes of various age categories who are engaged in sports ballroom dancing. Motivation in athletes has many characteristics and it is difficult to present and describe it as a single factor, so we have to understand and compare different approaches to motivation.
Técnicas de mapeamento aplicadas ao estudo da epigrafia arquitetônica paulistana
Authors: Farias Priscila Lena , Gouveia Anna P. S. , Pereira André L. T. , Gallo Haroldo , Gatto Patrícia S.
Published: December 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre elementos tipogrficos presentes nos edifcios do centro histrico da cidade de So Paulo. Utilizando-se uma metodologia de mapeamento, mostra-se que, com basenas informaes encontradas em determinadas inscries nas fachadas dos edifcios, podem-se inferir padres e direcionamentos de ocupao dessa rea, ainda pouco identificados, principalmente no que se refere autoria de projeto e execuo da obra, assim como das respectivas datas. Embora muitos prdios faam parte do patrimnio histrico, os arquivos de tombamento carecem de algumas dessas informaes. Muitas delas podem ser encontradas nas epgrafes arquitetnicas. Definidas como assinaturas, registros pblicos e perenes de autoria de projeto ou construo, as epgrafes podem ser tambm analisadas como um exemplo sutil de design visual aplicado paisagem urbana. [ Download ]
La innovación en el sector rural de México: el papel del gestor sistémico
Authors: Roldán-Suárez Elizabeth , Rendón-Medel Roberto , Camacho-Villa Tania Carolina , Aguilar-Ávila Jorge , Toledo José
Published: December 2020

We analyzed the role of broker of three cases of innovation promotion in the rural sector. Their profile, their position in the network and the context in which they operate were considered. It was found that the greater the tendency to allow the participation of local or exogenous actors to the territory, their influence decreases and the relationships in the network increase. This tendency is influenced by the broker’s profile and the context in which they operate. Identifying these elements is relevant for the sustainability of initiatives that promote the creation of innovation networks.
Child Data Citizen
Authors: Barassi Veronica
Published: December 2020

An examination of the datafication of family life—in particular, the construction of our children into data subjects.

Our families are being turned into data, as the digital traces we leave are shared, sold, and commodified. Children are datafied even before birth, with pregnancy apps and social media postings, and then tracked through childhood with learning apps, smart home devices, and medical records. In Child Data Citizen, Veronica Barassi examines the construction of children into data subjects, describing how their personal information is collected, archived, sold, and aggregated into unique profiles that can follow them across a lifetime. Children today are the very first generation of citizens to be datafied from before birth, and Barassi points to critical implications for our democratic futures.

Barassi draws on a three-year research project with parents in London and Los Angeles, which included the collection of fifty in-depth interviews, a digital ethnography of “sharenting” activities on social media by eight families over the course of eight months, and a two-year exploration of the datafication of her own family. She complements her ethnographic findings with a platform analysis of four social media platforms, ten health tracking apps, four home hubs, and four educational platforms, investigating the privacy policies, business models, and patent applications that enable the mining of children's data. Barassi considers the implications of building a society where data traces are made to speak for and about citizens across a lifetime. What should we do when we realize that the narratives that algorithms construct about individuals are inaccurate and biased?