bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of geographical accessibility to health facilities on antenatal care and delivery services utilization in Benin: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tanou Mariam , Kishida Takaaki , Kamiya Yusuke
Published: October 2021

Background

The world is making progress toward achieving maternal and child health (MCH) related components of the Sustainable Development Goals. Nevertheless, the progress of many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa is lagging. Geographical accessibility from residence to health facilities is considered a major obstacle hampering the use of appropriate MCH services. Benin, a country where the southern and northern parts belong to different geographical zones, has among the highest maternal mortality rate in the world. Adequate use of MCH care is important to save lives of women and their babies. This study assessed the effect of geographical accessibility to health facilities on antenatal care and delivery services utilization in Benin, with an emphasis on geographical zones.

Methods

We pooled two rounds of Benin Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS). The sample included 18,105 women aged 15–49 years (9111 from BDHS-2011/2012 and 8994 from BDHS-2017/2018) who had live births within five years preceding the surveys. We measured the distance and travel time from residential areas to the closest health center by merging the BDHS datasets with Benin’s geographic information system data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of geographical access on pregnancy and delivery services utilization. We conducted a propensity score-matching analysis to check for robustness.

Results

Regression results showed that the distance to the closest health center had adverse effects on the likelihood of a woman receiving appropriate maternal healthcare. The estimates showed that one km increase in straight-line distance to the closest health center reduces the odds of the woman receiving at least one antenatal care by 0.042, delivering in facility by 0.092, and delivering her baby with assistance of skilled birth attendants by 0.118. We also confirmed the negative effects of travel time and altitude of women’s residence on healthcare utilization. Nonetheless, these effects were mainly seen in the northern part of Benin.

Conclusions

Geographical accessibility to health facilities is critically important for the utilization of antenatal care and delivery services, particularly in the northern part of Benin. Improving geographical accessibility, especially in rural areas, is significant for further use of maternal health care in Benin.
Variation in use of damage control laparotomy for trauma by trauma centers in the United States, Canada, and Australasia
Authors: Roberts Derek J. , Faris Peter D. , Ball Chad G. , Kirkpatrick Andrew W. , Moore Ernest E. , Feliciano David V. , Rhee Peter , D’Amours Scott , Stelfox Henry T.
Published: October 2021

Background

It is unknown how frequently damage control (DC) laparotomy is used across trauma centers in different countries. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of trauma centers in the United States, Canada, and Australasia to study variations in use of the procedure and predictors of more frequent use of DC laparotomy.

Methods

A self-administered, electronic, cross-sectional survey of trauma centers in the United States, Canada, and Australasia was conducted. The survey collected information about trauma center and program characteristics. It also asked how often the trauma program director estimated DC laparotomy was performed on injured patients at that center on average over the last year. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of a higher reported frequency of use of DC laparotomy.

Results

Of the 366 potentially eligible trauma centers sent the survey, 199 (51.8%) trauma program directors or leaders responded [United States = 156 (78.4%), Canada = 26 (13.1%), and Australasia = 17 (8.5%)]. The reported frequency of use of DC laparotomy was highly variable across trauma centers. DC laparotomy was used more frequently in level-1 than level-2 or -3 trauma centers. Further, high-volume level-1 centers used DC laparotomy significantly more often than lower volume level-1 centers (p = 0.02). Nearly half (48.4%) of high-volume volume level-1 trauma centers reported using the procedure at least once weekly. Significant adjusted predictors of more frequent use of DC laparotomy included country of origin [odds ratio (OR) for the United States vs. Canada = 7.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39–40.27], level-1 verification status (OR = 6.02; 95% CI 2.01–18.06), and the assessment of a higher number of severely injured (Injury Severity Scale score > 15) patients (OR per-100 patients = 1.62; 95% CI 1.20–2.18) and patients with penetrating injuries (OR per-5% increase = 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.58) in the last year.

Conclusions

The reported frequency of use of DC laparotomy was highly variable across trauma centers. Those centers that most need to evaluate the benefit-to-risk ratio of using DC laparotomy in different scenarios may include high-volume, level-1 trauma centers, particularly those that often manage penetrating injuries.
Bronchus-blocked ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (BUS-PTNB) for intubated patients with severe lung diseases
Authors: Zhao Yuean , Jiang Faming , Yu He , Wang Ye , Wang Zhen , Sun Peng , Ni Zhong , Wang Weiya , Jiang Lili , Fan Junping , Zhang Lanlan , Powell Charles A. , Liang Zongan
Published: October 2021

Background

Examinations based on lung tissue specimen can play a significant role in the diagnosis for critically ill and intubated patients with lung infiltration. However, severe complications including tension pneumothorax and intrabronchial hemorrhage limit the application of needle biopsy.

Methods

A refined needle biopsy technique, named bronchus-blocked ultrasound-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (BUS-PTNB), was performed on four intubated patients between August 2020 and April 2021. BUS-PTNB was done at bedside, following an EPUBNOW (evaluation, preparation, ultrasound location, bronchus blocking, needle biopsy, observation, and withdrawal of blocker) workflow. Parameters including procedure feasibility, sample acquisition, perioperative conditions, and complications were observed. Tissue specimens were sent to pathological examinations and microbial tests.

Results

Adequate specimens were successfully obtained from four patients. Diagnosis and treatment were correspondingly refined based on pathological and microbial tests. Intrabronchial hemorrhage occurred in patient 1 but was stopped by endobronchial blocker. Mild pneumothorax happened in patient 4 due to little air leakage, and closed thoracic drainage was placed. During the procedure, peripheral capillary hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SPO2), blood pressure, and heart rate of patient 4 fluctuated but recovered quickly. Vital signs were stable for patient 1–3.

Conclusions

BUS-PTNB provides a promising, practical and feasible method in acquiring tissue specimen for critically ill patients under intratracheal intubation. It may facilitate the pathological diagnosis or other tissue-based tests for intubated patients and improve clinical outcomes.
Benchmarking sequencing methods and tools that facilitate the study of alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Shah Ankeeta , Mittleman Briana E. , Gilad Yoav , Li Yang I.
Published: October 2021

Background

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA), an RNA processing event, occurs in over 70% of human protein-coding genes. APA results in mRNA transcripts with distinct 3′ ends. Most APA occurs within 3′ UTRs, which harbor regulatory elements that can impact mRNA stability, translation, and localization.

Results

APA can be profiled using a number of established computational tools that infer polyadenylation sites from standard, short-read RNA-seq datasets. Here, we benchmarked a number of such tools—TAPAS, QAPA, DaPars2, GETUTR, and APATrap— against 3′-Seq, a specialized RNA-seq protocol that enriches for reads at the 3′ ends of genes, and Iso-Seq, a Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule full-length RNA-seq method in their ability to identify polyadenylation sites and quantify polyadenylation site usage. We demonstrate that 3′-Seq and Iso-Seq are able to identify and quantify the usage of polyadenylation sites more reliably than computational tools that take short-read RNA-seq as input. However, we find that running one such tool, QAPA, with a set of polyadenylation site annotations derived from small quantities of 3′-Seq or Iso-Seq can reliably quantify variation in APA across conditions, such asacross genotypes, as demonstrated by the successful mapping of alternative polyadenylation quantitative trait loci (apaQTL).

Conclusions

We envisage that our analyses will shed light on the advantages of studying APA with more specialized sequencing protocols, such as 3′-Seq or Iso-Seq, and the limitations of studying APA with short-read RNA-seq. We provide a computational pipeline to aid in the identification of polyadenylation sites and quantification of polyadenylation site usages using Iso-Seq data as input.
Hearing dogs for people with severe and profound hearing loss: a wait-list design randomised controlled trial investigating their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Stuttard Lucy , Boyle Philip , Fairhurst Caroline , Hewitt Catherine , Longo Francesco , Walker Simon , Weatherly Helen , Mayhew Emese , Beresford Bryony
Published: October 2021

Background

Hearing loss increases the risk of poor outcomes across a range of life domains. Where hearing loss is severe or profound, audiological interventions and rehabilitation have limited impact. Hearing dogs offer an alternative, or additional, intervention. They live permanently with recipients, providing sound support and companionship.

Methods

A single-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the impacts of a hearing dog on mental well-being, anxiety, depression, problems associated with hearing loss (responding to sounds, fearfulness/social isolation), and perceived dependency on others. Participants were applicants to the UK charity ‘Hearing Dogs for Deaf People’. Eligibility criteria were as follows: first-time applicant; applying for a hearing dog (as opposed to other support provided by the charity). Participants were randomised 1:1 to the following: receive a hearing dog sooner than usual [HD], or within the usual application timeframe (wait-list [WL] comparator). The primary outcome was mental well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale) 6 months (T1) after HD received a hearing dog. The cost-effectiveness analysis took a health and social care perspective.

Results

In total, 165 participants were randomised (HD n = 83, WL n = 82). A total of 112 (67.9%) were included in the primary analysis (HD n = 55, WL n = 57). At T1, mental well-being was significantly higher in the HD arm (adjusted mean difference 2.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.79, p < 0.001). Significant improvements in anxiety, depression, functioning, fearfulness/social isolation, and perceived dependency, favouring the HD arm, were also observed. On average, HD participants had used fewer statutory health and social care resources. In a scenario whereby costs of provision were borne by the public sector, hearing dogs do not appear to be value for money. If the public sector made a partial contribution, it is possible that hearing dogs would be cost-effective from a public sector perspective.

Conclusions

Hearing dogs appear to benefit recipients across a number of life domains, at least in the short term. Within the current funding model (costs entirely borne by the charity), hearing dogs are cost-effective from the public sector perspective. Whilst it would not be cost-effective to fully fund the provision of hearing dogs by the public sector, a partial contribution could be explored.

Trial registration

The trial was retrospectively registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry on 28.1.2019: ISRCTN36452009.
Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis
Authors: Xu Fang Fang , Niu Yu Fei , Chen Wen Qing , Liu Sha Sha , Li Jing Ru , Jiang Peng , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing , Zhang Xi
Published: October 2021

Background

Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. americanus have been poorly understood.

Methods

In this study, we report a case of ancylostomiasis in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province. We also review the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province from 1949 to 2020. In addition, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of one clinical isolate is fully characterized using Illumina sequencing. All available mt genomes of hookworms in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.

Results

A total of three worms were collected from the patient. These worms were identified as N. americanus based on morphological characteristics as well as confirmed by genotyping with the barcoding gene cox1. Although ancylostomiasis cases have dropped substantially in recent years, hookworm infection is still a public health problem in underdeveloped areas and remote rural areas in Henan Province. The mt genome features of the N. americanus contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The nad1 gene showed high sequence variability among isolates, which is worth considering for future genetic studies of N. americanus. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of hookworm isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations.

Conclusions

The mt genome of N. americanus presented here will serve as a useful data set for studying population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of hookworms. Positive measures for preventing and controlling ancylostomiasis are required by both health services and individuals in Henan Province.

Graphical abstract
Mycoplasma bovis subverts autophagy to promote intracellular replication in bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro
Authors: Liu Yang , Deng Zhaoju , Xu Siyu , Liu Gang , Lin Yushan , Khan Sohrab , Gao Jian , Qu Weijie , Kastelic John P. , Han Bo
Published: October 2021

Mycoplasma species are the smallest prokaryotes capable of self-replication. To investigate Mycoplasma induced autophagy in mammalian cells, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) were used in an in vitro infection model. Initially, intracellular M. bovis was enclosed within a membrane-like structure in bMEC, as viewed with transmission electron microscopy. In infected bMEC, increased LC3II was verified by Western blotting, RT-PCR and laser confocal microscopy, confirming autophagy at 1, 3 and 6 h post-infection (hpi), with a peak at 6 hpi. However, the M. bovis-induced autophagy flux was subsequently blocked. P62 degradation in infected bMEC was inhibited at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hpi, based on Western blotting and RT-PCR. Beclin1 expression decreased at 12 and 24 hpi. Furthermore, autophagosome maturation was subverted by M. bovis. Autophagosome acidification was inhibited by M. bovis infection, based on detection of mCherry-GFP-LC3 labeled autophagosomes; the decreases in protein levels of Lamp-2a indicate that the lysosomes were impaired by infection. In contrast, activation of autophagy (with rapamycin or HBSS) overcame the M. bovis-induced blockade in phagosome maturation by increasing delivery of M. bovis to the lysosome, with a concurrent decrease in intracellular M. bovis replication. In conclusion, although M. bovis infection induced autophagy in bMEC, the autophagy flux was subsequently impaired by inhibiting autophagosome maturation. Therefore, we conclude that M. bovis subverted autophagy to promote its intracellular replication in bMEC. These findings are the impetus for future studies to further characterize interactions between M. bovis and mammalian host cells.
Influence of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Insufficiency on Maximal Aerobic Power in Elite Indoor Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Most Astrid , Dörr Oliver , Nef Holger , Hamm Christian , Bauer Timm , Bauer Pascal
Published: October 2021

Background

The impact of vitamin D on musculoskeletal health is well-established, although its influence on physical performance is unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) concentrations with maximal aerobic power of professional indoor athletes.

Results

A total of 112 male professional athletes were included in this cross-sectional study, consisting of 88 handball and 24 ice hockey players. The maximal aerobic power was assessed with a standardized cycling ergometer test. Athletes were assigned to two groups according to their 25-OH vitamin D status: insufficient (< 30 ng/mL) and sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). Thirty-four players (30.4%) displayed insufficient (21.9 ± 5.9 ng/mL) and 78 (69.6%) sufficient 25-OH vitamin D concentrations (41.6 ± 8.6 ng/mL). Athletes with sufficient levels achieved a higher maximal aerobic power (3.9 ± 0.9 vs. 3.5 ± 0.8 W/kg, p = 0.03) compared to those with insufficient levels.

Conclusions

There is a high prevalence of 25-OH vitamin D insufficiency in professional indoor athletes, even in summer. Insufficient 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were associated with lower maximal aerobic power in male professional indoor athletes. Further, the 25-OH vitamin D concentration was identified as the only independent predictor of maximal aerobic power in these athletes, highlighting the impact of 25-OH vitamin D on physical performance. Therefore, 25-OH vitamin D concentrations of ≥ 30 ng/mL should be maintained to ensure optimal physical performance in these athletes.
Quantum cluster algorithm for data classification
Authors: Li Junxu , Kais Sabre
Published: October 2021

We present a quantum algorithm for data classification based on the nearest-neighbor learning algorithm. The classification algorithm is divided into two steps: Firstly, data in the same class is divided into smaller groups with sublabels assisting building boundaries between data with different labels. Secondly we construct a quantum circuit for classification that contains multi control gates. The algorithm is easy to implement and efficient in predicting the labels of test data. To illustrate the power and efficiency of this approach, we construct the phase transition diagram for the metal-insulator transition of VO2, using limited trained experimental data, where VO2 is a typical strongly correlated electron materials, and the metallic-insulating phase transition has drawn much attention in condensed matter physics. Moreover, we demonstrate our algorithm on the classification of randomly generated data and the classification of entanglement for various Werner states, where the training sets can not be divided by a single curve, instead, more than one curves are required to separate them apart perfectly. Our preliminary result shows considerable potential for various classification problems, particularly for constructing different phases in materials.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp14 inhibits NF-κB pathway activation by targeting the IKK complex and p65
Authors: Li Shasha , Yang Fan , Ma Caina , Cao Weijun , Yang Jinping , Zhao Zhenxiang , Tian Hong , Zhu Zixiang , Zheng Haixue
Published: October 2021

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of related enveloped RNA viruses that have severe consequences in a wide variety of animals by causing respiratory, enteric or systemic diseases. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an economically important CoV distributed worldwide that causes diarrhea in pigs. nsp14 is a nonstructural protein of PEDV that is involved in regulation of innate immunity and viral replication. However, the function and mechanism by which nsp14 modulates and manipulates host immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that PEDV nsp14 is an NF-κB pathway antagonist. Overexpression PEDV nsp14 protein remarkably decreases SeV-, poly (I:C)- and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Meanwhile, expression of proinflammatory cytokines is suppressed by nsp14. nsp14 inhibits the phosphorylation of IKKs by interacting with IKKs and p65. Furthermore, nsp14 suppresses TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear import of p65. Overexpression nsp14 considerably increases PEDV replication. These results suggest a novel mechanism employed by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response, providing insights that can guide the development of antivirals against CoVs.
Access to the Emergency Contraceptive Pill and Women's Reproductive Health: Evidence From Public Reform in Chile
Authors: Clarke Damian , Salinas Viviana
Published: October 2021

We examine the sharp expansion in availability of the emergency contraceptive pill in Chile following legalized access through municipal public health care centers. We study the period 2002–2016 and a broad rollout of the emergency contraceptive pill occurring between 2008 and 2011. By combining a number of administrative data sets on health outcomes and pharmaceutical use, and using event-study and difference-in-differences methods, we document that this expansion improved certain classes of women's reproductive health outcomes, notably reducing rates of abortion-related morbidity. These improvements were greater in areas of the country where the rollout of the emergency contraceptive pill was more extensive. We also document some evidence that refusal to provide the emergency contraceptive pill upon a women's request was linked with a worsening in reproductive health outcomes. These results point to the importance of contraceptive access as a determinant of women's reproductive health and well-being and relates to a growing body of work documenting the importance of women's autonomy as a determinant of health.
Integration of proteomic and genetic approaches to assess developmental muscle atrophy
Authors: Brooks David S. , Vishal Kumar , Bawa Simranjot , Alder Adrienne , Geisbrecht Erika R.
Published: October 2021

Muscle atrophy, or a decline in muscle protein mass, is a significant problem in the aging population and in numerous disease states. Unraveling molecular signals that trigger and promote atrophy may lead to a better understanding of treatment options; however, there is no single cause of atrophy identified to date. To gain insight into this problem, we chose to investigate changes in protein profiles during muscle atrophy in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. The use of insect models provides an interesting parallel to probe atrophic mechanisms as these organisms undergo a normal developmental atrophy process during the pupal transition stage. Leveraging the inherent advantages of each model organism, we first defined protein signature changes during M. sexta intersegmental muscle (ISM) atrophy and then used genetic approaches to confirm their functional importance in the D. melanogaster dorsal internal oblique muscles (DIOMs). Our data reveal an upregulation of proteasome and peptidase components and a general downregulation of proteins that regulate actin filament formation. Surprisingly, thick filament proteins that comprise the A-band are increased in abundance, providing support for the ordered destruction of myofibrillar components during developmental atrophy. We also uncovered the actin filament regulator ciboulot (Cib) as a novel regulator of muscle atrophy. These insights provide a framework towards a better understanding of global changes that occur during atrophy and may eventually lead to therapeutic targets.
Direct Observation of Scattering Angle Dependence of the Inelasticity Effect on the Interference Term Obtained from Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Experiments
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Tsutsui Kana , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya
Published: October 2021

Scattering angle dependence has been experimentally examined for inelasticity effect on the intramolecular interference term observed from the time-of-flight neutron diffraction method. Internuclear distance and its root-mean-square displacement for liquid pure D2O, C6D6 and CCl4, have been determined from the least squares fitting analysis of the observed total interference term in the high-Q region. Although “apparent shrinkage” in the intramolecular distance has been observed obviously for the light nuclei pair at large scattering angle data (2θ > ca. 70°), it has been revealed that the apparent shrinkage in the D⋯D distance for D2O and C6D6, in which the inelasticity effect is expected to be most significant, is found to be suppressed well within ca. 1% for the data observed for the scattering angle below ca. 2θ < ca. 50°. Structural parameters determined have been compared with those determined from the gas-phase electron diffraction method in order to obtain insight of the effect of intermolecular interaction to molecular geometry in the liquid phase.
The genome sequence of the bootlace worm, Lineus longissimus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Authors: Kwiatkowski Dominic , Blaxter Mark ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual Lineus longissimus (the bootlace worm; Nemertea; Pilidiophora; Heteronemertea; Lineidae). The genome sequence is 391 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly is scaffolded into 19 chromosomal pseudomolecules.
A Website Is a Website Is a Website: Why Trusted Repositories Are Needed More Than Ever
Authors: Ferreira Vera , Lukschy Leonore , Watyam Buachut , Ungsitipoonpor Siripen , Seyfeddinipur Mandana
Published: October 2021

Over the last two decades there has been a surge in activists, linguists, anthropologists, documenters digitally recording endangered language use. These unique records often are uploaded to corporate social media sites or to privately run websites. Despite popular belief, uploading these materials to a server does not mean they are archived and preserved for future generations. In this paper we discuss the differences between professional archiving systems and content management system (CMS) based approaches to making language materials accessible. Looking at the example of the Archive of Languages and Cultures of Ethnic Groups of Thailand we discuss the benefits of a Mukurtu based community website, and how linking it to a professional archive can ensure long-term preservation of precious and unique language materials.
La matanza de Agua Fría, Oaxaca. Las disputas indígenas por el territorio y su representación en la agenda mediática
Authors: Díaz Delgado Abraham Zaíd
Published: October 2021

El 31 de mayo de 2002 en el paraje de Agua Fría, Oaxaca, México, asesinaron a 26 indígenas campesinos como parte de una disputa histórica entre los pueblos de Santiago Xochitepec y Santo Domingo Teojomulco por 4.622 hectáreas de bosque, que fueron repartidas más de cien años antes. La participación del Estado mexicano en el caso es igualmente antigua tanto por su desdén como por la omisión de acciones que coadyuvaran al esclarecimiento de la propiedad del territorio. Poco se supo al respecto de este caso, de ahí que se retomara un método histórico para reconstruir la narrativa de este caso a partir del acervo hemerográfico del Archivo General de la Nación (agn), con cuatro diarios de circulación nacional. Se encontró que, por sus características socioculturales y brutalidad, este es un caso paradigmático ignorado por la agenda de medios de entonces que estaba centrada en comunicar sobre la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 2002.
Propuesta metodológica para analizar la segregación residencial socioeconómica mediante un indicador sintético (ises) y su aplicación en Bogotá
Authors: Parias Adriana
Published: October 2021

La segregación residencial socioeconómica urbana es una problemática persistente en las ciuda­des capitalistas. Sin embargo, las aproximaciones teóricas de carácter explicativo del fenómeno son escasas, predominan los enfoques y metodologías descriptivas de carácter sociológico o geográfico. En este trabajo se propone un indicador que busca hacer operativa la teoría de la renta del suelo urbano. De manera específica, el artículo tiene como objetivo determinar el grado de segregación socioeconómica en Bogotá, a partir de la construcción de un indicador que busca hacer operativa la noción de renta de monopolio de segregación (Jaramillo, 2009), tomada como marco explicativo del fenómeno. Se presenta la implementación del Indicador de Segregación Espacial Socioeconómica (ises) propuesto inicialmente por Villanueva (2018) y revisado en esta investigación, el cual permite medir la desigualdad en el acceso al suelo urbano residencial, a partir de la relación de la distribución de población según sus niveles de ingreso, con una gama de localizaciones factible (acceso potencial al suelo) que cada grupo de población puede tener sobre el espacio urbano de la ciudad, dados los precios del suelo (y del espacio construido). El artículo aporta a la comprensión de la segregación residencial socioeconómica y somete a la discusión un dispositivo metodológico original para su medición.
Judgment Aggregation in Creative Production: Evidence from the Movie Industry
Authors: Luo Hong , Macher Jeffrey , Wahlen Michael
Published: October 2021

We study a novel, low-cost approach to aggregating judgment from a large number of industry experts on ideas that they encounter in their normal course of business. Our context is the movie industry, in which customer appeal is difficult to predict and investment costs are high. The Black List, an annual publication, ranks unproduced scripts based on anonymous nominations from film executives. This approach entails an inherent trade-off: Low participation costs enable high response rates, but nominations lack standard criteria, and which voters see which ideas is unobservable and influenced by various factors. Despite these challenges, we find that such aggregation is predictive: Listed scripts are substantially more likely to be released than observably similar, but unlisted, scripts, and, conditional on release and investment levels, listed scripts generate higher box-office revenues. We also find that this method mitigates entry barriers for less-experienced writers, as (i) their scripts are more likely to be listed than those by experienced writers and to rank higher if listed and (ii) within scripts by less-experienced writers, being listed is associated with a higher release rate. Yet, the gap in release probabilities relative to experienced writers remains large, even for top-ranked scripts. These results can be explained by the premise that scripts from less-experienced writers are more visible among eligible voters than scripts from experienced writers. This highlights idea visibility as an important determinant of votes and surfaces the trade-offs, as well as potential limitations, associated with such methods.

This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Práxis docente e currículo em ação: ensino, pesquisa e extensão narrados em três atos
Authors: Santos José Alex Soares
Published: October 2021

O presente estudo aborda as conexões entre práxis docente e currículo em ação no espaço da universidade. Desse modo, analisaremos as manifestações do ensino, da pesquisa e da extensão na práxis docente como dispositivos que interagem para a constituição do currículo em ação. Metodologicamente, adotamos o dispositivo da perspectiva freireana, fundado na ação/reflexão/ação para teorizarmos sobre o construto da nossa própria práxis, desenvolvida no chão da universidade, como ser docente. Percebemos, sem desconsiderar as dificuldades existentes e impostas pelo real, que caminhos criativos e inovadores são possíveis de construir, outros de serem potencializados no contexto das universidades, quando cultivamos as diversas conexões entre ensino pesquisa e extensão.
APP-Learning na formação continuada de professores
Authors: Souza Eliane Silva
Published: October 2021

Este texto é uma resenha da dissertação de mestrado intitulada “App-learning na EJA em socioeducação: possibilidades e ressonâncias do App Banco de Aulas Zuppa do Saber na formação continuada das professoras”, defendida no Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Educação de Jovens e Adultos da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, baseado no referencial epistemológico da multirreferencialidade e efetivado com a Etnopesquisa Crítica/Formação que buscou compreender como o uso do App Banco de Aulas Zuppa do Saber ressoa na formação continuada de professores da Educação de Jovens e Adultos no contexto da socioeducação com privação de liberdade. As informações produzidas com as participantes, através de oficinas formativas, diário reflexivo online e questionário online, propiciaram, através da análise interpretativa, a compreensão do aplicativo estudado como um dispositivo carregado de potencialidades que reflete na formação continuada de professores oportunizando a mobilização de interatividade, a mobilização de autoria e a construção de uma dinâmica hipertextual no processo formacional.
Revisitando os construtos de Paulo Freire para o enfrentamento da docência na crise causada pela pandemia
Authors: Behrens Marilda Aparecida , Torres Patricia Lupion , Prigol Edna Liz
Published: October 2021

A diversidade de realidades no processo educativo nacional e internacional e os desafios emergentes provenientes da pandemia de Covid-19 impactaram a atuação docente, que necessitou transpor a atuação presencial para a modalidade remota, mediada pelas tecnologias digitais. Frente a esse desafio, elegeu-se como questão de investigação: a experiência de alunos de um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu mediado por tecnologias digitais, impostas pela pandemia de Covid-19, possibilita identificar os construtos freirianos como ponto de reflexão para a reestruturação da prática pedagógica? Objetivamente, buscou-se identificar, nos relatos dos alunos de um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu que vivenciaram um processo educativo mediado pelas tecnologias digitais, em decorrência da referida pandemia, os construtos freirianos como base epistemológica para refletir sobre a prática pedagógica. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, configurou-se como um estudo de caso único. Para a construção dos dados, utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado com questões abertas, aplicado a um grupo de mestrandos e doutorandos de um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu de uma universidade privada de grande porte do Sul do país. A fundamentação epistemológica teórico-conceitual tem como principal autor Freire (1992, 1993a, 1993b, 1996). A investigação permitiu perceber que as contribuições dos participantes acolhem construtos da educação transformadora, apontada nas categorias: visão da aceitação do novo, afetividade, engajamento didático e interação e colaboração. A pesquisa reflete a necessidade de humanização, assim como de um pensamento ético e político, pautada num processo educativo baseado na dialogicidade e na amorosidade, que fundamentam a educação para a liberdade.
Práticas docentes na cibercultura e o esperançar de professoras na pandemia: possibilidades educativas para tornar o inédito, viável
Authors: Thiago Ana Clara São , Da Silva Karolyne Neves , Velloso Luciana
Published: October 2021

Este artigo trará experiências formacionais e pedagógicas de professoras-pesquisadoras na pandemia que, apesar de suas diferentes atuações, encontram-se no desenvolver de suas pesquisas dentro cenário da pandemia da COVID-19, buscando criar ‘sentidossignificações’ outros com seus ‘praticantespensantes’ nesse processo. Vivendo em uma cultura contemporânea mediada pelas tecnologias digitais em rede - a cibercultura - e sua relação com a cidade e o ciberespaço, compreendemos a importância das práticas educativas no contexto de uma educação online e nas implicações que nos movem e se movem durante as práticas de ‘aprendizagemensino’ e as experiências vividas dentro das instituições de ensino. Entendendo as contribuições de Paulo Freire, no que tange ao 'inédito viável’ e as rupturas com uma educação bancária, para dar espaço a uma educação libertadora, trazemos nossas práticas com alunos de graduação do curso de Pedagogia da UERJ e alunos do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola pública localizada no Complexo da Maré - RJ, entrelaçando nossas pesquisas no sentido de nos movimentarmos em direção a uma maneira de ‘fazerpensar’ nossas práticas educativas de forma humanizada, sensível, empática e distante da dicotomia aluno-professor.
A empatia freireana na alfabetização popular: concepções da cibercultura em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Nascimento Laurinaldo Félix , Wunsch Luana Priscila , Fernandes Maria Aparecida , Leal Maria Batista
Published: October 2021

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) foi a base do trabalho do educador Paulo Freire. Na sua luta política e social, a alfabetização nas comunidades populares seria uma porta de saída para a tomada de consciência crítica da realidade. Na Educação a conceituação de empatia como uma relação importante entre o professor e o aluno para o processo afetivo-educacional.  Paulo Freire, Carl Rogers, Lev Vigostki e António Nóvoa já utilizaram o conceito de empatia no processo de resposta afetiva ou cognitiva entre professor e aluno. Freire afirmava que a empatia no contexto da sala de aula ocorre quando o professor “pegar os olhos dos alunos emprestados” para que ele possa perceber de fato a realidade com que está interagindo. Quando se identifica a realidade do outro, percebe-se de perto os problemas e circunstâncias vividas sobretudo em ambientes de necessidade e privações, quando o outro percebe que nossa realidade é entendida fica mais aberto a ser acolhido por um estranho ou no caso um professor que vem trazer o conhecimento, esta é a empatia de Freire. A partir do ano de 2020, diante do contexto da pandemia do COVID-19, a empatia torna-se um processo coletivo de reprimir o isolamento social e proporciona conforto aos segmentos impactados pelo contexto pandêmico, para lograr êxito a cibercultura atuou como um fio condutor no processo pedagógico. Assim no presente trabalho é importante pesquisar a similitude da educação com a empatia libertadora de Paulo Freire em face da educação e cibercultura.
CARTA ABERTA À MARÍLIA
Authors: Souza Santos Glauce
Published: October 2021

Nesta carta, endereçada à Marília, minha psicanalista, e a todas as mulheres negras, reflito sobre a pesquisa que realizo no doutoramento. Faço isso, resgatando cenas de uma sessão específica, na qual, Marília fez, para mim, o que denomino sugestão-desafio, escrever sobre a importância do meu trabalho. Assim, confesso as minhas inseguranças diante da minha escrita e tento encontrar respostas para o fato de nem sempre estar convicta a respeito da sua relevância. Inspirada na carta que Audre Lorde (2019) fez para a sua terapeuta e na carta de Glória Anzalduá (2000) às mulheres escritoras do terceiro milênio, penso sobre a interação que há entre mim e Marília, e sobre o que me motiva a escrever. Ressalto sobre o investimento dos trabalhos artísticos de Tássia Reis, Preta Rara e NegaFya, na expressão de uma existência negra feminina distanciada da ideia de um eu desqualificado, e como esses trabalhos me ajudam a perceber um caminho para minha própria vida, pois, situam os corpos femininos negros e suas subjetividades no centro dos seus discursos. Nessa linha, aciono Guerreiro Ramos (1995) para tencionar a ideia de objetos de estudo, cuja realidade e identidade são definidas por outros, e Donna Haraway (1995) para refletir sobre os saberes localizados que requerem que o objeto do conhecimento seja visto como um ator e agente. Outra reflexão que faço é a respeito da minha relação com a música e a minha legitimação como pesquisadora no campo musical. Ainda aciono a noção de escrevivência, cunhada por Conceição Evaristo, para discutir sobre o desafio que é incluir o pessoal e o subjetivo como parte do discurso acadêmico, tendo em vista que a pessoalidade e subjetividade mais aceita na academia é aquela produzida pelo sujeito branco.
Experiences of surgical nurses in providing end-of-life care in an acute care setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Limbu Teju , Taylor Paul M
Published: October 2021

Background:

The number of deaths occurring in hospitals is rising, and many occur in settings other than specialist palliative care, oncology or critical care. Nurses working outside these specialist environments report end-of-life (EoL) care as a source of stress. This research aimed to explore these experiences.

Aims and methods:

This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews as a research technique, aimed to investigate the experiences of surgical nurses caring for dying patients.

Results:

Five themes emerged: understanding of and preference for EoL care; perceived barriers while providing EoL care; robust support from the team as a facilitator while providing EoL care; symptom management; future training and support.

Conclusion:

Participants considered providing EoL care as part of their professional role and reported that they were able to provide appropriate physical care. Participants identified challenges in providing emotional and psychological support to dying patients and their families in an acute surgical setting.
An intervention for nurse wellbeing
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2021

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers the potential benefits of the professional nurse advocate programme and this new approach for clinical supervision and employee support
A High-Stakes Approach to Response Time Effort in Low-Stakes Assessment
Authors: Dibek Munevver Ilgun
Published: October 2021

Response times are one of the important sources that provide information about the performance of individuals during a test process. The main purpose of this study is to show that survival models can be used in educational data. Accordingly, data sets of items measuring literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills of the countries participating in Round 3 of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies were used. Accelerated failure time models have been analyzed for each country and domain.  As a result of the analysis of the models in which various covariates are included as independent variables, and response time for giving correct answers is included as a dependent variable, it was found the associations between the covariates and response time for giving correct answers were concluded to vary from one domain to another or from one country to another. The results obtained from the present study have provided the educational stakeholders and practitioners with valuable information.
Supplemental data table for "Stage-discharge Relationships of Drawdown Plates for Denitrifying Woodchip Bioreactors"
Authors: Maxwell Bryan , Cooke Richard , Christianson Reid , Christianson Laura
Published: October 2021

Table with height of water in the control
structure upstream and downstream of the drawdown plate, head difference across
the plate, and measured flow rate.
Internet of Things (IoTs) Security: Intrusion Detection using Deep Learning
Authors: Sahingoz Ozgur Koray , Cekmez Ugur , Buldu Ali
Published: October 2021

With the development of sensor and communication technologies, the use of connected devices in industrial applications has been common for a long time. Reduction of costs during this period and the definition of Internet of Things (IoTs) concept have expanded the application area of small connected devices to the level of end-users. This paved the way for IoT technology to provide a wide variety of application alternative and become a part of daily life. Therefore, a poorly protected IoT network is not sustainable and has a negative effect on not only devices but also the users of the system. In this case, protection mechanisms which use conventional intrusion detection approaches become inadequate. As the intruders’ level of expertise increases, identification and prevention of new kinds of attacks are becoming more challenging. Thus, intelligent algorithms, which are capable of learning from the natural flow of data, are necessary to overcome possible security breaches. Many studies suggesting models on individual attack types have been successful up to a point in recent literature. However, it is seen that most of the studies aiming to detect multiple attack types cannot successfully detect all of these attacks with a single model. In this study, it is aimed to suggest an all-in-one intrusion detection mechanism for detecting multiple intrusive behaviors and given network attacks. For this aim, a custom deep neural network is designed and implemented to classify a number of different types of network attacks in IoT systems with high accuracy and F1-score. As a test-bed for comparable results, one of the up-to-date dataset (CICIDS2017), which is highly imbalanced, is used and the reached results are compared with the recent literature. While the initial propose was successful for most of the classes in the dataset, it was noted that achievement was low in classes with a small number of samples. To overcome imbalanced data problem, we proposed a number of augmentation techniques and compared all the results. Experimental results showed that the proposed methods yield highest efficiency among observed literature.
ARMPatch: A Binary Patching Framework for ARM-based IoT Devices
Authors: Huang Mingyi , Song Chengyu 
Published: October 2021

With the rapid advancement of hardware and internet technologies, we are surrounded by more and more Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Despite the convenience and boosted productivity that these devices have brought to our lives and industries, new security implications have arisen. IoT devices bring many new attack vectors, causing an increment of cyber-attacks that target these systems in the recent years. However, security vulnerabilities on numerous devices are often not fixed. This may due to providers not being informed in time, they have stopped maintaining these models, or they simply no longer exist. Even if an official fix for a security issue is finally released, it usually takes a long time. This gives hackers time to exploit vulnerabilities extensively, which in many cases requires customers to disconnect vulnerable devices, leading to outages. As the software is usually closed source, it is also unlikely that the community will review and modify the source code themselves and provide updates. In this study, we present ARMPatch, a flexible static binary patching framework for ARM-based IoT devices, with a focus on security fixes. After identified the unique challenges of performing binary patching on ARM platforms, we have provided novel features by replacing, modifying, and adding code to already compiled programs. Then, the viability and usefulness of our solution has been verified through demos and final programs on real devices. Finally, we have discussed the current limitations of our approach and future challenges.