bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Musical Training Facilitates Exogenous Temporal Attention via Delta Phase Entrainment within a Sensorimotor Network
Authors: Nandi Bijurika , Ostrand Avery , Johnson Vinith , Ford Tiffany J. , Gazzaley Adam , Zanto Theodore P.
Published: March 2023

Temporal orienting of attention plays an important role in our day-to-day lives and can use timing information from exogenous or endogenous sources. Yet, it is unclear what neural mechanisms give rise to temporal attention, and it is debated whether both exogenous and endogenous forms of temporal attention share a common neural source. Here, older adult nonmusicians (N= 47, 24 female) were randomized to undergo 8 weeks of either rhythm training, which places demands on exogenous temporal attention, or word search training as a control. The goal was to assess (1) the neural basis of exogenous temporal attention and (2) whether training-induced improvements in exogenous temporal attention can transfer to enhanced endogenous temporal attention abilities, thereby providing support for a common neural mechanism of temporal attention. Before and after training, exogenous temporal attention was assessed using a rhythmic synchronization paradigm, whereas endogenous temporal attention was evaluated via a temporally cued visual discrimination task. Results showed that rhythm training improved performance on the exogenous temporal attention task, which was associated with increased intertrial coherence within the δ (1-4 Hz) band as assessed by EEG recordings. Source localization revealed increased δ-band intertrial coherence arose from a sensorimotor network, including premotor cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and the inferior parietal lobule. Despite these improvements in exogenous temporal attention, such benefits were not transferred to endogenous attentional ability. These results support the notion that exogenous and endogenous temporal attention uses independent neural sources, with exogenous temporal attention relying on the precise timing of δ band oscillations within a sensorimotor network.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAllocating attention to specific points in time is known as temporal attention, and may arise from external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) sources. Despite its importance to our daily lives, it is unclear how the brain gives rise to temporal attention and whether exogenous- or endogenous-based sources for temporal attention rely on shared brain regions. Here, we demonstrate that musical rhythm training improves exogenous temporal attention, which was associated with more consistent timing of neural activity in sensory and motor processing brain regions. However, these benefits did not extend to endogenous temporal attention, indicating that temporal attention relies on different brain regions depending on the source of timing information.
I Know That’s a Grasshopper, but I Don’t Know Why
Authors: Brooks Jeremy M. , Grinath Joshua B. , Rasmussen A. M. , Grinath Anna S.
Published: March 2023

Undergraduate biology teachers usually emphasize taxonomic keys as tools for students to explore organismal diversity and biological roles, largely ignoring the epistemologically challenging process of creating the keys. Students are often frustrated by the challenging language and apparent randomness of traits selected for taxonomic keys, which in turn leads to decreased interest in and motivation for taxonomy. Here, we offer an Argument-Driven Inquiry activity designed to engage students in both the scientific practices and processes required to generate taxonomic keys. Students make observations of organisms in both field and lab settings, generate taxonomic keys, and engage in scientific argumentation with their classmates to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of their keys. Through this activity, teachers can help students recognize the useful yet imperfect nature of taxonomic keys and the subjective nature of choosing the traits used to construct them. We believe that by lifting the veil of certainty that often shrouds taxonomic keys, students become more open to the productive struggle inherent to taxonomy and the scientific process.
“I Need U”
Authors: Lee Wonseok , Kao Grace
Published: March 2023

We analyze four online concerts by K-pop group BTS (Bangtan Sonyeondan) during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 to the present) from the view of participant observation. The pandemic served as a catalyst for the evolution of these concerts. BTS set new records for revenue generated by a single online concert in June 2020, only to beat their own record in October 2020, and again in June 2021. While BTS delivered high-quality online concerts to its fans, known as ARMY, these concerts highlighted the challenges to both audience members and performers despite the use of “virtual reality” technologies. We argue that BTS’s online concerts represent a new type of concert production and consumption that expands the accessibility of performances to fans all over the world, and also enabled new forms of interactions between artists and audience members. However, these concerts inadvertently highlighted the importance of in-person interaction between fans and performers as K-pop relies heavily not only on cheering and banners that support artists, but also on light sticks, fan chants, and other activities.
The phenotype of the most common human ADAR1p150 Zα mutation P193A in mice is partially penetrant
Authors: Liang Zhen , Chalk Alistair M , Taylor Scott , Goradia Ankita , Heraud‐Farlow Jacki E , Walkley Carl R
Published: March 2023

ADAR1 ‐mediated A‐to‐I RNA editing is a self‐/non‐self‐discrimination mechanism for cellular double‐stranded RNAs. ADAR mutations are one cause of Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome, an inherited paediatric encephalopathy, classed as a “Type I interferonopathy.” The most common ADAR1 mutation is a proline 193 alanine (p.P193A) mutation, mapping to the ADAR1p150 isoform‐specific Zα domain. Here, we report the development of an independent murine P195A knock‐in mouse, homologous to human P193A. The Adar1P195A/P195A mice are largely normal and the mutation is well tolerated. When the P195A mutation is compounded with an Adar1 null allele (Adar1P195A/−), approximately half the animals are runted with a shortened lifespan while the remaining Adar1P195A/− animals are normal, contrasting with previous reports. The phenotype of the Adar1P195A/− animals is both associated with the parental genotype and partly non‐genetic/environmental. Complementation with an editing‐deficient ADAR1 (Adar1P195A/E861A), or the loss of MDA5, rescues phenotypes in the Adar1P195A/− mice.
Giant Baby Syndrome in Chinese College Students
Authors: Zhou Ming
Published: March 2023

The term “giant baby” became popular among Chinese people after Zhihong Wu’s book The Country of ‘Giant Babies’: A Domestic Psychologist Examining the Chinese National Character was published. An adult who fits this description is considered to be cognitively and psychologically immature. Researchers have discovered that this condition, known as “Giant Babies,” also affects the educational system, as some students’ psychological growth lags behind their physical development. This article outlined the behavioral traits of giant baby symptoms among Chinese college students, such as excessive reliance on others, egocentrism, and bigotry, and explained the underlying causes from the perspective of school education in an effort to pinpoint pertinent issues with Chinese education and provide recommendations for the development and education of more socially mature talents.
Experimental study of the contact forces and deformations of mortise-and-tenon joints considering the fits and grain orientations of the tenon
Authors: Hu Wengang , Liu Na , Guan Huiyuan
Published: March 2023

A method to measure the contact forces and deformations of mortise and tenon joints based on previous theoretical studies was proposed. The influence of the tenon fits and grain orientations on the contact forces and deformations of the mortises and tenons were studied using this method. The testing method and equations were all introduced in detail. The results showed that the contact force between the mortise and tenon with the tenon in the radial grain orientation was larger than that for the tenon in the tangential grain orientation with the same tenon fit. An exponential relationship between the contact force and tenon fit was found. Also, the deformation of the mortise was 3.6 times smaller than the tenon with a tangential grain orientation and 2.2 times smaller than the tenon with a radial grain orientation.
Comparison of natural and synthetic sorbents’ efficiency at oil spill removal
Authors: Mojžiš Miroslav , Bubeníková Tatiana , Zachar Martin , Kačíková Danica , Štefková Jaroslava
Published: March 2023

The spill of crude oil products into the environment has a negative impact on the ecosystem. Sorption materials are utilized as the means of their elimination. The sorption capacity of selected organic and inorganic natural sorbents, such as needles (Larix decidua, Abies alba, and Pinus sylvestris), sawdust from logging (Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies), leaf residues (Fagus sylvatica), moss (Ceratodon purpureus), soil, and synthetic sorbents Absodan Plus, expanded perlite, Eco-dry plus, and Reo Amos were all tested according to the standard ASTM F726 (2012). The natural sorbents were tested at various moisture contents (wet, air-dry, and dry) ranging from 0 to 82%. The pollutant used in the experiment was the low-viscosity engine oil 10W 40. The best sorption capacity among the wet sorbents was achieved with larch needles (11.1 g/g). Moss exhibited the best sorption capacity (25.2 g/g) among the air-dry sorbents. Regarding air-dry sorbents, larch needles, spruce sawdust, and beech sawdust showed the best results. When further dried, their sorption capacity decreased. Soil was the least efficient natural sorbent with a sorption capacity that ranged from 0.45 to 3.82 g/g. The best sorption capacity of 11.5 g/g among the synthetic sorbents was in Reo Amos. The sorption capacity of natural and synthetic substances was comparable.
N-doped porous carbon derived from bamboo fiber as a high-performance adsorbent for methylene blue
Authors: Xiang Hongzhong , Feng Zixing , Yang Jianfei , Liang Fang , Zhang Tao , Hu Wanhe , Mi Bingbing , Yang Xiaomeng , Liu Zhijia
Published: March 2023

N-doped porous carbon materials derived from bamboo fibers (NBFCs) were synthesized through a simple simultaneous activation and carbonization method. The effects of the adsorbent dosage, absorption temperature, pH of the solution, initial concentration, and contact time on the absorption of methylene blue were investigated. The equilibrium, kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics of the adsorption process were also analyzed. The results showed that NBFC-800 had a good adsorption capacity of 816.0 mg/g and a high removal efficiency of 93.3% during the optimum absorption process with an adsorbent dosage of 0.8 g/L, adsorption temperature of 25 °C, initial concentration of 700 mg/L, and a solution pH of 9.0. The adsorption process included instantaneous adsorption or external surface adsorption, intraparticle diffusion, and an equilibrium process. Methylene blue adsorption of NBFC-800 agreed with the pseudo second-order model and belonged to the Langmuir isotherm model. The results will be useful for the development of high-performance NBFCs to efficiently remove methylene blue from wastewater.
Mesoporous heteropolyacid nanorods for heterogeneous catalysis in polysaccharide conversion
Authors: Song Jiaying , Li Yiming , Zhang Xueyan , Zhang Dan , Jiang Zijiang , Wang Xiaohong
Published: March 2023

Mesoporous heteropolyacid (HPA) nanorods having a composition of [C16H33N(CH3)3]xH3-xPW12O40 ((CTA)xH3-xPW, x = 1, 2, and 3) were synthesized by surfactant encapsulation and were evaluated for their catalytic activity in cellulose hydrolysis. The (CTA)H2PW nanorods were found to be most active with 57.2% yield of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) at ~100% conversion in water/methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) biphase, which was higher than (CTA)H2PW nanosphere at 140 °C for 11 h. The yields of 5-HMF and glucose were obtained as 4.5% and 54.3% at 160 °C for 8 h in water system, respectively. (CTA)H2PW nanorods showed higher tolerance to such feedstocks as lignocellulose, i.e. corn straw with 19.8% and 8.3% yields for glucose and xylose at 35.4% conversion in water. Moreover, (CTA)H2PW nanorods showed higher stability and long duration with ten times reuse. (CTA)H2PW nanorods presented higher efficiency and reusability in conversion of cellulosic biomass.
Deacidification and reinforcement of old books using sodium carbonate and latex composites
Authors: Fan Huiming , Guo Mingfeng , Mou Hongyan , Shi Wei , Li Jiahe , Liu Jianan
Published: March 2023

Old books suffer from aging and deterioration spurred by acidification, oxidation, and other factors. To preserve the important historical documents, a de-acidification and reinforcement method was studied using ultrasonic atomization via deacidification by Na2CO3 solution and styrene acrylic latex composite as reinforcing agent. These agents were atomized into micron-sized droplets and were absorbed by paper. In this study, the physical properties, internal structure, and surface morphology of the paper before and after aging were comprehensively studied for explaining the treatment mechanism. The paper pH, strength properties, brightness, color difference, and apparent morphology typically have been determined in detail as the important factors for evaluating the treatment effect of the preservation method for old paper. The analysis results showed that the pH of the paper after deacidification was successfully increased. Thus, even after aging, the pH of the deacidified paper was still higher than 7. The change of color difference of paper after treatment was not noticeable, meeting the requirement for the basic principle of an old book. Furthermore, the deacidification treatment had no clear influence on the breaking length and tear index of the paper. This study revealed a new perspective on the conservation of old books.
Bamboo nanocomposite: Impact of poly (ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) and nanoclay on physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties
Authors: Adamu Muhammad , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Hamdan Sinin
Published: March 2023

The effects of montmorillonite nanoclay and poly(ethylene-alt-maleic anhydride) via vacuum impregnation technique in relation to the physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of bamboo-reinforced nanocomposites were investigated. The functional groups in the raw bamboo and nanocomposites were identified using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction plots showed the prominent peak intensity at a diffraction angle of 73° due to the transformation of the amorphous structure to a crystalline structure in the prepared nanocomposite. The morphologies of the raw bamboo and the nanocomposites were compared using scanning electron microscopy analysis. There was an increase in the modulus of elasticity from 7.82 to 19.0 GPa (143%) and a corresponding increase in the modulus of rupture from 68.7 to 121.5 MPa (77%) of the raw bamboo to the nanocomposites, respectively. This increase implied a high increase in the mechanical properties of the developed nanocomposite. Both results from the differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed appreciable improvements in the thermal properties of the developed nanocomposite.
Modeling of characteristics of highly efficient textured solar cells based on c-silicon. The influence of recombination in the space charge region
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sachenko A.V. , Kostylyov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlasiuk V.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyi I.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Evstigneev M.A. ,   Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, A1B 3X7, Canada, Slusar T.V. ,   Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, 218, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34129, South Korea, Chernenko V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Theoretical modeling of the optical and photovoltaic characteristics of highly efficient textured silicon solar cells (SC), including short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and photoconversion efficiency, has been performed in this work. In the modeling, such recombination mechanisms as non-radiative exciton recombination relative to the Auger mechanism with the participation of a deep recombination level and recombination in the space charge region (SCR) was additionally taken into account. In a simple approximation, the external quantum efficiency of the photocurrent for the indicated SC in the long-wavelength absorption region has been simulated. A theory has been proposed for calculating the thickness dependences of short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage and photoconversion efficiency in them. The calculated dependences are carefully compared with the experimental results obtained for SC with the p+-i-α-Si:H/n-c-Si/i-n+-α-Si:H architecture and the photoconversion efficiency of about 23%. As a result of this comparison, good agreement between the theoretical and calculated dependences has been obtained. It has been ascertained that without taking into account recombination in SCR, a quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretical light I V characteristics and the dependence of the output power in the SC load on the voltage on it cannot be obtained. The proposed approach and the obtained results can be used to optimize the characteristics of textured SC based on monocrystalline silicon.
Integrated dynamical phase-variation diffracto-metry of single crystals with defects of three and more types
Authors:   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Molodkin V.B. , Storizhko V.Yu. ,   Institute of Applied Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 58, Petropavlivs’ka str., 40000 Sumy, Ukraine, Kladko V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Lizunov V.V. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Nizkova A.I. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Gudimenko A.Yo. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Olikhovskii S.I. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Tolmachev M.G. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dmitriev S.V. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Demchyk I.I. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Bogdanov E.I. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine, Hinko B.I. ,   G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 36, Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Generalization of the methods for the purposeful influence of the interrelated variations inherent to different experimental conditions on changes in the selectivity of the sensitivity of the azimuthal dependence of the total integrated intensity of dynamical diffraction to various types of defects in single crystals has been carried out. As a result, the improved phase-variation methods with additionally increased sensitivity and informativity of non-destructive structural diagnostics aimed at multi-parametrical single crystal systems have been developed.
Electrical properties of highly nitrogen-doped 6H-SiC single crystals: Microwave cavity perturbation study
Authors:   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Savchenko D.V. ,   Institute of Physics of the CAS, 2 Na Slovance, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic, Yatsyk D.M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Genkin O.M. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Nosachov Yu.F. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Drozdenko O.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Moiseenko V.I. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Kalabukhova E.N. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals of 6H polytype with nitrogen donor concentration ND – NA) ≈ 1∙1017 ...4∙1019 cm –3 grown using the modified Lely method were studied applying the cavity perturbation method. From the temperature dependence of the resonant frequency shift and microwave loss of the cavity loaded with samples under study, the temperature dependence of the conductivity was estimated. From the temperature dependence of the natural logarithm of conductivity versus 1000/T, the activation energies for processes corresponding to electron transitions from impurity levels to the conduction band (ε1) and electron hopping over nitrogen donors in the D0 bands (ε3) were determined. It was found that in 6H-SiC ε1 = 50 meV for (ND – NA) ≈ 1∙10 17 cm –3 , ε1 = 32 meV and ε3 = 6 meV for (ND – NA) ≈ 1∙1019cm–3 , ε1 = 13.5 meV and ε3 = 3.5 meV for ((ND – NA) ≈ 4∙1019 cm–3.
Application of the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon to controlling suspensions
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Fedorenko A.V. , Kachur N.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dorozinska H.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dorozinsky G.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Maslo V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sulima O.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine, Rudyk T.O. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prosp. Peremohy, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

Represented in this paper are the results of investigations aimed at checking up the capabilities of devices based on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon to be applied for studying the properties of water suspensions. As an example, the authors used here the suspensions of tooth pastes Sensodyne and Colgate in distilled water. For measurements, we used the SPR device Plasmon-71 operating in the near infrared spectral range. Results of these measurements were compared to those obtained using the spectrophotometric ones. The measured values of the sedimentation velocity obtained using both the applied methods confirmed availability to efficiently apply SPR devices for studying the opaque multi-component suspensions.
Investigation of gamma-ray sensitivity of YAG:Ce based scintillation structures
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Pekur D.V. , Khmil D.N. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Bacherikov Yu.Yu. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prosp. Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Mammadli A.H. ,   Institute of Radiation Problems Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 9, B. Vahabzade str., Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, Naghiyev J.A. ,   Nuclear Research Department of the Innovation and Digital Development Agency, Ministry of Digital Development and Transport of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Gobu Settlement of Absheron dist., Baku Shamakhy HW 20 km, Baku, Azerbaijan AZ 0100, Suleymanova N.Y. ,   Institute of Radiation Problems Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 9, B. Vahabzade str., Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, Abbasova C.Y. ,   Institute of Radiation Problems Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, 9, B. Vahabzade str., Baku, Azerbaijan, AZ 1143, Lyubchyk S.I. ,   REQUIMTE, NOVA School of Science and Technology, University New of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Published: March 2023

Ionizing radiation is widely used nowadays for diagnosing and probing a wide range of objects due to the high reliability and quality of the results obtained in such research. Use of highly sensitive ionizing radiation sensors enables the reduction of the radiation dose involved in the research. Moreover, sensitive systems for monitoring environmental parameters may be also created based on such sensors. In this work, the efficiency of a low density radiation detector with the composite scintillation structure based on powdery YAG:Ce phosphor as the converting coating of photosensitive detector was investigated. The possibility to detect gamma radiation from the 241 Am and 137 Cs based sources by the ionizing radiation detector comprising YAG:Ce 3+ composite converting scintillation structure and micropixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD) was found. The number of detected gamma rays emitted by the 241 Am source was shown to increase linearly with the thickness of the composite converting scintillation structure. The thickness of the composite converting scintillation structure of 495 µm was found to enable registration of gamma-rays with the energies in the range of 26 to 662 keV.
Experimental study of the compensation method for atmospheric attenuation of probing laser radiation in active electro-optical systems that provide an increase of target image contrast
Authors:   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Kupchenko L.F. , Rybiak A.S. ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Goorin О.А. ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Hurin A.P. ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Ponomar А.V. ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Biesova O.V. ,   Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University 77/79, Sumska str., 61023 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the experimental study of the compensation method for atmospheric attenuation of laser radiation in active electro-optical remote sensing systems with dynamic spectral processing of optical signals that provides an increase of target image contrast. The compensation method for atmospheric attenuation of laser radiation in active electro-optical systems consists in forming the spectral intensity of the probing radiation not only on the basis of a priori data on the spectral features of the reflecting surfaces of the target and the background, but also taking into account the spectral transmittance of the optical radiation propagation medium. The experimental setup has been developed, in which the source of radiation in the transmitting part of the electro- optical system is three semiconductor lasers operating in the ranges of the red, green and blue parts of the spectrum. Absorption light filters were used in the experiment as elements simulating the spectral properties of the reflecting surfaces of the target and background. The cuvettes with a liquid absorbing optical radiation were used as elements simulating atmospheric attenuation.
Homelessness and Disability in Public-School Students
Authors: Bock Emily , Brochu Paige , Rubenstein Eric
Published: March 2023

OBJECTIVE

To quantify students with disabilities experiencing homelessness in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic US state and district public schools and compare them with those without disabilities.

METHODS

Data were compiled from state departments of education and federal homelessness data and were merged by using the Local Education Agency identifier. We calculated the proportion of students with and without disabilities experiencing homelessness and corresponding relative risk 95% confidence intervals. We examined changes in homelessness in Massachusetts counties compared with the 2018 to 2019 school year.

RESULTS

Across the 7 states and Washington, DC, 4.7% of students with disabilities experienced homelessness, 58% greater than the percentage of students without disabilities (95% confidence interval 1.57–1.59). The highest proportion of students with disabilities experiencing homelessness was in Washington, DC, and New York, with the lowest proportion in Connecticut. There was little change comparing 2018 to 2019 with 2019 to 2020 statistics in Massachusetts.

CONCLUSIONS

Quantifying students with disabilities experiencing homelessness provides policymakers with valuable information to be able to act to better support these students. Variations by state/district and time highlight the need for continued data collection and aggregation.
The realities of EU industrial policies analysed through automotive value chain dynamics
Authors: Megyeri Eszter , Pelle Anita , Tabajdi Gabriella
Published: March 2023

Processes in the past decades have resulted in the segmentation of European industries into ‘headquarter’ and ‘factory’ economies, though these categories are not fully distinct. ‘Headquarter’ economies typically host the higher value added activities and service units while ‘factory’ economies are popular locations for lower segments of the value chains. This setup has implications for EU level industrial policy strategies. In the current times of accelerating technological development and the ever growing servitisation of industries, ‘headquarter’ economies genuinely have better capabilities and resources to gain more share of the value added, and can actually steer the course of events in the sector. In the EU peripheries, new investment often covers relocation of previous technologies and retired assets of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). The ‘factory’ economies are in a disadvantage in several aspects, while the headquarters optimise according to their own set of strategic preferences, which further compromises the opportunities of industrial actors in the peripheries to shape their own future. Industrial policies, however smart and well designed, have limited chances to influence the character and speed of changes. We review reported cases through which we test literature and contrast realities with aspirations regarding smart and sustainable industrial development across the EU.
View, meditation, action: A Tibetan framework to inform psychedelic-assisted therapy
Authors: Simonds Colin H.
Published: March 2023

Whether occasioned through careful, consistent meditative practice or through quicker means like the ritual ingestion of psilocybin or ayahuasca, global contemplative practices have established effective systems of implementing, directing, and integrating the very kinds of non-ordinary experiences central to psychedelic use. However, contemplative traditions are largely absent from the present discourse on psychedelic therapy. This paper addresses this gap and offers a novel analysis of psychedelic-assisted therapy through the lens of the Tibetan Buddhist contemplative tradition. It first establishes a baseline for comparing the non-ordinary experience occasioned by Tibetan Buddhist meditation and the psychedelic experience by referencing the phenomenological literature of both. It then articulates the Tibetan contemplative framework of view, meditation, action (Tib. lta sgom spyod gsum) as the way Tibetan Buddhism directs its non-ordinary meditative experience towards its desired ends and suggests how this framework may be applied to psychedelic-assisted therapy. Finally, this paper uses this Tibetan Buddhist lens of analysis to compare and assess two protocols for psychedelic-assisted therapy and to make recommendations for future clinical protocols. Given the phenomenological similarity of Tibetan Buddhist meditative experience and the psychedelic experience, this article suggests that a more intensive preparatory session where maladaptive conceptual narratives are worked through and beneficial ones are introduced, repeated dosing sessions, and a more directed psychedelic experience may increase the efficacy of psychedelic-assisted therapy. It thus argues that the insights of the Tibetan framework of view, meditation, action can improve future protocols and allow for psychedelic-assisted therapy to be of even greater benefit.
Az extracorporalis keringéstámogatás helye az újraélesztésben
Authors: Kovács Enikő , Németh Endre , Prigya Jutas , Szvath Petra , Édes István , Hartyánszky István , Soltész Ádám , Csikós Gergely Richárd , Fazekas Levente , Gál János , Becker Dávid , Merkely Béla , Zima Endre
Published: March 2023

Az extracorporalis cardiopulmonalis resuscitatio alkalmazásának gyakorisága egyre
nő mind a kórházon belüli, mind a kórházon kívüli keringésmegállás ellátásában.
A legújabb újraélesztési irányelvek is egyre inkább beépítik javaslataik közé az
extracorporalis keringéstámogató eszközök használatát elhúzódó újraélesztés
esetén, bizonyos szelektált betegcsoportokban. Mindezek ellenére kevés
bizonyíték áll rendelkezésünkre a beavatkozás hatékonyságáról, és még számos
nyitott kérdés maradt megválaszolatlanul azt illetően, hogy milyen körülmények
között, mely betegcsoportokban van a leginkább létjogosultsága ennek a
modalitásnak. Fontos kérdés a terápia időzítése és helyszíne, illetve lényeges
az extracorporalis technikákat alkalmazó személyzet megfelelő kiképzése.
Összefoglalónkban röviden áttekintjük, hogy a jelenlegi szakirodalom és
ajánlások szerint milyen esetekben merülhet fel az extracorporalis újraélesztés
megkezdése, milyen típusú mechanikus keringéstámogatás az elsőként választandó
az újraélesztés alatt, milyen tényezőket gondoljunk át alkalmazása során,
illetve milyen szövődményekre számítsunk. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(13): 510–514.
Valuing professional and cultural diversity in support for hand therapists in Aotearoa New Zealand: An interpretive description study
Authors: Timmins Josie , Kayes Nicola , O’Brien Daniel
Published: March 2023

This study explored the experiences and perspectives of associate hand therapists’ (AHT) support in Aotearoa New Zealand. The hand therapy workforce has a diverse professional mix of physiotherapists and occupational therapists and cultural representation, including Māori and Pasifika. Research into the support of this workforce is limited. Using an Interpretive Descriptive methodology, 12 participants were interviewed, including physiotherapists and occupational therapists who identified as Māori, Pasifika, Asian, or Pākehā. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The four themes constructed were: (1) Recognising and valuing the diversity of Aotearoa New Zealand hand therapy, (2) A therapist-centred approach to learning, (3) An accessible community, and (4) Hand therapy as a unified professional identity. Recognising and valuing the diversity of Aotearoa New Zealand hand therapy was a prominent theme that spoke to the dominance of Pākehā and physiotherapy worldviews and the inequities faced by AHTs who fall outside these spaces. Educating Pākehā physiotherapists and establishing support processes that recognise and value the identity of occupational therapists, Māori, and Pasifika is needed. This would allow all hand therapists to feel safe bringing their whole selves to their practice, build confidence in their abilities, develop a sense of belonging to the community, and could lead to meaningful change for the profession and patients.
Voltammetric and sequential injection amperometric determination of B group vitamins on electrodes modified with binary systems based on oxides of manganese, bismuth and gold
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Shaidarova L.G. , Chelnokova I.A. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Gafiatova I.A. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Gedmina A.V. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Budnikov H.K. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: March 2023

It was found that oxides of manganese (MnOx), bismuth (ВiOx), gold (AuOx), and ВiOx–MnOx and MnOx–AuOx binary systems electrodeposited on the surface of planar carbon electrodes (SPE) exhibited catalytic activity during electrooxidation of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin in acidic media. Immobilization of the binary systems on the surface of the SPE working electrode allowed to achieve a joint selective voltammetric determination of two-component systems of the vitamins considered: riboflavin and pyridoxine on SPE with BiOx–MnOx (ВiOx–MnOx–SPE) and MnOx–AuOx (MnOx–AuOx–SPE); and riboflavin and thiamine or riboflavin and cyanocobalamin on MnOx–AuOx–SPE. The calibration dependences obtained for the considered vitamins using voltammetry on BiOx–MnOx–SPE and MnOx–AuOx–SPE electrodes were observed in the range from 1×10–6 to 1×10–3 M. Detection limit of thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin was decreased by an order of magnitude compare to static conditions in a sequential injection system (SI-system). To implement two- and three-component analysis of biologically active additives (BAA) and drugs in the SI-system, the surface of the working electrode modified with MnOx–AuOx binary system was covered with poly-2-vinylpyridine (PVP) or Nafion (Nf) polymer films. SPE with two working electrodes (DSPE) modifies with MnOx–AuOx were used in the two-component analysis of BAA samples. PVP film was deposited on the electrode for thiamine determination and Nf film was deposited on the electrode for pyridoxine determination. Combination of SPE and DSPE with polymer composites containing MnOx–AuOx binary system and PVP or Nf in a two-detector SI-system made it possible to implement a three-component analysis of drugs containing thiamine, pyridoxine and cyanocobalamin. Excipients present in them did not interfere with the results of the determination. Application of the proposed SI-system scheme increased selectivity, speed and productivity of the analysis to 540 determinations per hour.
DETERMINATION OF CETYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE IN PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS BY SOLID-STATE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY METHOD
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Gamzaeva U. G. , Mirzaeva Kh. A. ,   Dagestan State Medical University, Zeynalov R. Z. ,   Dagestan State Medical University
Published: March 2023

Quaternary ammonium compounds, and among them cetylpyridinium salts (CP) in particular, are widely used as antiseptics and disinfectants, for local treatment of infectious and inflammatory processes of the mucous membrane of the throat and oral cavity, as constituents of lozenges, gels and oral hygiene products. This paper proposes conditions for determination of cetylpyridinium chloride, which has an antimicrobial effect, in some surfactant-containing pharmaceutical preparations approved for the medical use, using solid-state spectrophotometry and a test method. Linen fabric (LN) was used as a solid matrix. The paper shows the efficiency of sorption extraction of cetylpyridinium chloride in the form of the ion associate with the organic azo dye sulfonazo (SFN). Analysis of the absorption spectra of solid-state systems [LN-SFN] and LN-[SFN-CP] showed that the reagent was practically not extracted at pH ≥ 4, but in the presence of CP the sorption was observed over the entire pH range studied with the maximum at pHmax = 5. For the proposed test method, the range of determined concentrations of CP was 1.0–16 mg/dm3 and the limit of detection was 0.4 mg/dm3; for the solid-state spectrophotometric determination, the range of determined CP concentrations was 0.5–24 mg/dm3 and the detection limit was 0.2 mg/dm3. The possibility of determining the CP in real objects was demonstrated.
Journalism: What Hinders and Contributes to the Ethicization of the Profession
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Lozovsky Boris N.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the problems of the ethicization of journalism as a process of promoting the journalistic community to a consistent understanding of professional and ethical imperatives in everyday practice. Frames common in the professional environment are presented, indicating the attitudes of journalists in relation to professional and ethical standards and opportunities for self-regulation. The conditions blocking etization and contributing to its promotion are described.
Self-Promotion and Work with the Audience as the Main Links of a Marketing Strategy Small Press
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Popova Maria F.
Published: March 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the practices of regional and city newspapers of the Perm Territory and the Orenburg Region in building marketing strategies. The purpose of the study is to identify effective methods and methods of work of the editorial staff of a local publication to preserve and expand the audience and the possibility of practical use of this experience. The author, having the opportunity to monitor the activities of the monitored media for a long time, selected 10 publications for detailed consideration, each of them with 10 issues, published in October and November 2022. The empirical basis of the research consisted of 100 editions. Based on theoretical material and on the results of sociological research, personal communication with journalists and editors of territorially localized media, the author concluded that self-promotion and organizational mass work with the audience remain to be the main methods of promotion for the media of this type.
Coverage of the Black Population Life and the Fight Against Racism in Brazil (Based on the Example of Media Content Analysis)
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Golousova Elizaveta S.
Published: March 2023

The paper is focused on the specifics of covering the life of the black population and the topic of racism in Brazil on the example of the activities of local journalists, bloggers and leaders of social movements. Content analysis was chosen as the research methodology. The author studied and analyzed the content of publicly available on Portuguese language and English language websites, online publications, as well as YouTube channels dedicated to the topic of racism, and highlighted the main ideas. Based on the research, the author concludes that, on the one hand, it is possible to talk about an increase in the level of public awareness and the desire to more actively voice the problems of the black population. On the other hand, such phenomena as stigmatization and stereotyping of Brazilians with African roots remains to be present in the society.
Reflection of the Artistic Search for Literature of the Early Twentieth Century in the Work of Ivan Boldyrev-Shkott
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Literary Institute, Naumkina Ksenia O.
Published: March 2023

The article analyzes the work of Ivan BoldyrevShkott who was the writer of the first wave of Russian emigration. The materials of the research are the novella “Boys and Girls”, as well as the previously unexplored stories “Ivan Stepanovich’s Pies”, “Anyuta”, the manuscript of the story “Wisdom of the Forest”, which was not published during the writer’s lifetime. The connections of Boldyrev’s works with different artistic trends of literature of the beginning of the XX century are highlighted. The stylistic features of the story “Boys and Girls” are analyzed and the connection of the work with the tradition of ornamental prose by A. M. Remizov is revealed. Published in the emigrant periodicals “Ivan Stepanovich’s Pies”, “Anyuta” are compared with “The Stories of Nazar Ilyich Mr. Sinebryukhov” by M. M. Zoshchenko. The plot structure and vocabulary of the story “Wisdom of the Forest” are considered, as well as the influence on the stylistic manner of the author in this story of the romantic legends of A. M. Gorky, A. I. Kuprin, V. V. Veresaev. Based on the writer’s letters, an assumption is made about the possible time of the creation of the story.
On the Issue of Odic Motives in the Poetry of B. Slutsky
Authors:   Donetsk National University, Panasenkova Valentina V. 
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the features of poetic texts of the famous Russian poet of the XX century B. Slutsky. The author attempts to identify the typological features of the ode genre in the poet’s lyrics. It is noted that this type of works is undergoing a certain transformation in the Russian literary tradition. In the XVIII century, the ode was the leading genre in Russian literature, but already at the end of the XVIII — early XIX centuries, a crisis of the ode type of works occurs, the genre is transformed. In the XX century, the ode ceases to exist in its canonical form, but we can say that certain odic features and motifs are embodied in the texts of poets of the last century. B. Slutsky’s lyrics quite vividly illustrate the process of destruction of the odic canon.
At the Turning Point of Historical Eras: Metamorphoses of the Ural Cinema
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kirillova Natalia B.
Published: March 2023

The study is based on the historical transformations of the Sverdlovsk Film Studio and the analysis of the period of its highest heyday. Created as a project of Stalin’s cultural policy in accordance with the Order of the Committee for Cinematography Affairs under the USSR Council of People’s Commissars on February 9, 1943, the film studio has experienced a lot: the process of its formation and adaptation in the artistic culture of the Urals, the period of “low-cartography”, the period of creative take-off in the 1960s — 1980s, and even the state of “clinical death”. Revealing the paradoxes of its development, the author defines the ideological, artistic, thematic and aesthetic traditions that distinguish the creative potential of the Ural cinema from the films of other domestic studios. The 80th anniversary of the Sverdlovsk Film Studio is a date that makes it possible to comprehend the path that the Ural cinematography took, which in its heyday really competed with both Mosfilm and Lenfilm, enriching the cultural life not only on the regional, but also on the national level.
Sociocultural Aspects of Choice in the Digital Environment
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Kalaykova Julia V.
Published: March 2023

The study focuses on the choice as a sociocultural phenomenon. The specificity of the choice is considered with the active development of the digital environment, which normalizes, standardizes, regulates choice, sets limits on user actions. The results indicate that the digital environment instrumentally provides choice as an activity, and determines the emergence of new choice practices. The digital environment transforms cultural attitudes that determine choice, changes attractiveness criteria of alternatives, the subject’s representation about the principles and possibilities of decision-making, about the tools and mechanisms of choice.