bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models to Predict the Number of Roadway Accidents: A Case Study in Hamilton County, Tennessee
Authors: Laflamme Eric M. , Way Peter , Roland Jeremiah , Sartipi Mina
Published: March 2020

Introduction:

A method for identifying significant predictors of roadway accident counts has been presented. This process is applied to real-world accident data collected from roadways in Hamilton County, TN.

Methods:

In preprocessing, an aggregation procedure based on segmenting roadways into fixed lengths has been introduced, and then accident counts within each segment have been observed according to predefined weather conditions. Based on the physical roadway characteristics associated with each individual accident record, a collection of roadway features is assigned to each segment. A mixed-effects Negative Binomial regression form is assumed to approximate the relationship between accident counts and several explanatory variables including roadway characteristics, weather conditions, and several interactions between them. Standard diagnostics and a validation procedure show that our model form is properly specified and suitably fits the data.

Results:

Interpreting interaction terms leads to the follow findings: 1) rural roads with cloudy conditions are associated with relative increases in accident frequency; 2) lower/moderate AADT and rainy weather are associated with relative decreases in accident frequency, while high AADT and rain are associated with relative increases in accident frequency; 3) higher AADT and wider pavements are associated with relative increases in accident frequency; and 4) higher speed limits in residential areas are associated with relative increases in accident frequency.

Conclusion:

Results illustrate the complicated relationship between accident frequency and both roadway features and weather. Therefore, it is not sufficient to observe the effects of weather and roadway features independently as these variables interact with one another.
Communities' Physical Contributions for Developing Rural Transport Infrastructure in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam
Authors: Hai Dinh Tuan
Published: March 2020

Background:

Dong Nai province is located in the southwest of Vietnam. A well-developed Rural Transport Infrastructure (RTI) system is one of the key facilities that enable the development of the province. In fact, the RTI's concrete covering rate in the province is as low as 51.8%. While the current state-funded investment is shorted, a physical contribution from the community is indispensable.

Objective:

Therefore, this study is carried out to understand the existing situation, and to suggest solutions that promote the participation of the community in contributing physical assets for developing the RTI.

Methods:

Questionnaire surveys are conducted with the participation of 438 households located in four districts of the province.

Results:

The results shown that physical contribution is popular in the community, in the forms of labour (99.3% of households), money (85.8%), land (78.0%) and material (64.4%). The study also pointed out the success factors to the active physical contribution from the community, including participated organizations, authorities, contribution mechanisms, households' economics and income, rates of return, education and gender of households' heads, social relationships, household benefits from RTI.

Conclusion:

Based on the finding, the study concludes with some solutions of a suitable participatory model and mechanism, of training for community and its representatives, of communicating and mobilizing physical contribution, and of supporting the community's economic development.
Network Biology Approaches to Identify the Drug Lead Molecule for Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Human
Authors: Verma Archana , Chauhan Shweta Singh , Pankaj Vaishali , Srivastva Neha , Srivastava Prachi
Published: March 2020

Aims:

To identify most novel drug target and lead molecule for neurodevelopmental disorder Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases through system biology approaches

Background:

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NNDs) are disabilities associated chiefly with the functioning of the neurological system and brain. Children with neurodevelopmental disorders have difficulties with speech, behaviour, learning and other neurological functions. Systems biology is a holistic approach to enciphering the complexity of biological systems and their interactions. It opens the way to a more successful discovery of novel therapeutics.

Objective:

To identify most novel drug target and lead molecule for neurodevelopmental disorder Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases through system biology approaches.

Methods:

A list of genes was collected from NCBI database for Autism, Intellectual Disability (ID) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diseases. STRING database and Cytoscape software was used for construction and interpreting molecular interaction in the network. 3D structure of target protein, was build and validated.The phytochemicals were identified through various research articles and filtered out by virtual screening through Molinspiration. Molecular docking analyses of known phytochemical with target proteins were performed usingAutoDock tool.

Result:

AKT1 for Autism, SNAP25 for Intellectual Disability (ID) and DRD4 for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were identified as most potential drug target through network study. further the modelled structure of obtained target were undergo molecular docking study with kown phytochemicals. Based on lowest binding energy, Huperzine A for Autism and ID, Valerenic acid for ADHD found to be the most potential therapeutic molecules.

Conclusion:

Huperzine A against Autism and ID, Valerenic acid against ADHD found to be the most potential therapeutic molecules and expected to be effective in the treatment of NNDs. Phytochemicals do not have side effects so extract of these can be taken in preventive form too as these disorders occur during developmental stages of the child. Further the obtained molecule if experimentally validated would play promising role for the treatment of NDDs in human.
The Relationship Between muscle Damage and Activity Profiles During Team Handball Matches
Authors: Akashi Koji , Tanaka Mamoru
Published: March 2020

Background:

Anaerobic activities often require explosive muscle power; it is therefore possible that players’ skeletal muscles sustain damage during the game, which leads to a performance decrease as the game progresses.

Objective:

This study investigated the relationship between muscle damage and activity profiles during team handball matches.

Methods:

This study conducted two handball games to examine the relationship between muscle damage and impacts against the body during the games. We studied one handball match between members of the same university team (Game I: 12 male court players) and a practice match between a Japanese handball league team and the university student team (Game II: nine male court players and six controls).

Results:

Plasma myoglobin concentration and plasma creatine kinase activity, both of which are biomarkers for muscle damage, increased to above their normal ranges after both games. The magnitudes of the changes in both plasma myoglobin (p<.05) and plasma creatine kinase activity (p<0.05) from before to after the game were significantly different between the players and controls in Game II. There were significant correlations between the number of shots taken in Game II and biomarkers for muscle damage; the changes in plasma myoglobin concentrations (p<0.01) and plasma creatine kinase (p< 0.01) activity levels.

Conclusion:

These results suggest that team handball matches involve high-intensity exercise that is sufficient to cause muscle damage. Additionally, our findings suggest that the severity of muscle damage is related to the specific actions associated with taking shots, such as jumping and colliding with a defender.
The impact of deformation in the zone of welded joints on the force action of the rolling stock on the track
Authors: Kossov V. S. , Krasnov O. G. , Akashev M. G.
Published: March 2020

The causes of deformation in the zone of welded joints are considered. Authors experimentally studied changes in hardness on the rolling surface of the rail in the longitudinal and transverse profiles within the thermally affected zone of the welded joint. It is established that the hardness of the rolling surface of the rail in the longitudinal direction in the thermally affected zone of the joint is uneven and is determined by the structures arising from the effects of the thermal cycles of welding and the quality of the local heat treatment. In this case, two "low spots" are clearly traced with a decrease in hardness to 290...300 HB and with a higher hardness up to 350 HB right in the welded joint. Experimentally investigated the change in the depth of the welded joint from the implemented tonnage. At the same time with strain gauge method, using the force method developed by N. N. Kudryavtsev, continuous changes in vertical forces when the wheels move along the welded joint zone were recorded. Average values of vertical forces from loaded cars were established. Experimental distributions of vertical forces were approximated by theoretical laws according to the Kolmogorov — Smirnov matching criterion. Recommendations are given on minimizing the harmful impact of rolling stock on the track in areas of lowering welded joints.

The following conclusions were made.

1.            Geometry of the joint irregularity is in the form of a W-shaped deformation with an influx of metal on the receiving rail and lowering on the directing rail. The width of the upper part of the deformation varies between 160...200 mm along the axis of the rail.

2.            Deformation zone of the welded joint is a source of increased dynamic impact from the wheels of the rolling stock on the elements of the upper track structure. According to the results of experimental studies it was found that the greatest increase in dynamic effects was observed from locomotive wheels up to 45..               . 70 kN, maximum values reached 180...210 kN, from the wheels of loaded freight cars the values of vertical forces increased by 35..     .45 kN, maximum values reached 145...170 kN, from the wheels of empty cars increase dynamic impacts amounted to 14...16 kN, maximum values reached 32...36 kN.
Relationship Between Ethical Leadership Behavior and Work Motivation in Intensive Care Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Uzelli Yilmaz Derya , Düzgün Fatma , Yilmaz Dilek
Published: March 2020

Aim: Affecting the attitudes and the behaviors of the employees, leaders’ ethical focused behavior is one of the most important factors affecting employee work motivation. The study was conducted with the aim of examining the relationship between ethical leadership behavior and the work motivation of Intensive Care Nurses (ICNs).

Material and Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional and descriptive design and was performed between August and October 2018 with 98 ICNs at a university hospital in Turkey. A Nurses’ Description Form, the Ethical Leadership Scale, and the Nurses’ Work Motivation Scale were used to collect data. Since the data were found to be normally distributed, to compare the total scores of ethical leadership scale and nurses’ work motivation scale for demographic information of the nurses independent t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used. Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between ethical leadership and work satisfaction.

Results: A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the mean total score of the Ethical Leadership Scale and the mean total score of the Nurses’ Work Motivation Scale (p < 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean total score of the ELS and the number of patients for whom daily nursing care was provided (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: It was concluded from this study that the perceptions of ICNs concerning ethical leadership behavior and their work motivation were at a medium level. In addition, it was found that the nurses’ ethical leadership behavior had a positive effect on their work motivation. Nursing leaders should therefore endeavor to maintain their ethical behavioral integrity in order to promote nurses’ work motivation.
Pathophysiologic Peculiarities of Different Factors’ Influence on Development and Course of IHD Complicated with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hotiur Oksana , Drapchak Iryna , Drapchak Palvo , Drapchak Oksana
Published: March 2020

Over the last years, mortality because of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased significantly in Ukraine. If we speak about atrial fibrillation (AF) itself, the number of recurrent arrhythmias cases as the main cause of hospitalization of patients with AF increased at 66% over the last 20 years.

Independent development factors of AF are heart failure, aortic and mitral valve diseases, arterial hypertension, left atrial enlargement, and also obesity and obstructive sleep apnea, etc.

In 2013 A.A. Novykov from Kherson region and several other researchers proved the influence of chaotic changes of meteofactors in cases of overt or hidden functional cardiovascular disorders (CVD) that can significantly influence its hemodynamic stability, functional ability, particularly its rhythmic activity.

The main problem in the treatment of one or another nosological entity of CVD today is not the adjustment of a medication for its treatment, but the finding of pathogenetic links in the development of the disease itself. Especially this occurs, when the patient gets several organs or systems disabled simultaneously.

Several scientists and practicing physicians are interested in the development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of AF in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) considering the peculiarities of clinical course and comorbidity. After all, the finding of complications’ causes in comorbid pathology in patients with IHD will contribute to treatment optimization and prevention of other complications, especially those resulting from the anticoagulant therapy, for example when a functional liver state or metabolic processes are impaired.
Quase-vida, o tsunami e a revolução da empatia
Authors: Souza Ricardo Pires de
Published: March 2020

Uma imensa onda de partículas virais envolve a Terra. Se não global ainda, um tsunami com o potencial de atingir a totalidade do planeta.

Já submergimos outras vezes em ondas imensas. Há cerca de 70 mil anos, um inverno vulcânico causado pela supererupção do vulcão Toba, onde hoje é Sumatra, quase causou a extinção da nossa espécie: a maioria (mais de 90%) dos indivíduos que éramos então pereceu em um tsunami de gases tóxicos acompanhado de frio intenso e falta de alimento. Restaram menos de 10 mil indivíduos humanos no planeta e todos nós descendemos destes Adões e Evas genéticos. Mas nós sobrevivemos.
mHealth App Prescription in Australian General Practice: Pre-Post Study
Authors: Byambasuren Oyungerel , Beller Elaine , Hoffmann Tammy , Glasziou Paul
Published: March 2020

Background

Evidence of effectiveness of mobile health (mHealth) apps as well as their usability as non-drug interventions in primary care are emerging around the globe.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of mHealth app prescription by general practitioners (GPs) and to evaluate the effectiveness of an implementation intervention to increase app prescription.

Methods

A single-group, before-and-after study was conducted in Australian general practice. GPs were given prescription pads for 6 mHealth apps and reported the number of prescriptions dispensed for 4 months. After the reporting of month 2, a 2-minute video of one of the apps was randomly selected and sent to each GP. Data were collected through a prestudy questionnaire, monthly electronic reporting, and end-of-study interviews. The primary outcome was the number of app prescriptions (total, monthly, per GP, and per GP per fortnight). Secondary outcomes included confidence in prescribing apps (0-5 scale), the impact of the intervention video on subsequent prescription numbers, and acceptability of the interventions.

Results

Of 40 GPs recruited, 39 commenced, and 36 completed the study. In total, 1324 app prescriptions were dispensed over 4 months. The median number of apps prescribed per GP was 30 (range 6-111 apps). The median number of apps prescribed per GP per fortnight increased from the pre-study level of 1.7 to 4.1. Confidence about prescribing apps doubled from a mean of 2 (not so confident) to 4 (very confident). App videos did not affect subsequent prescription rates substantially. Post-study interviews revealed that the intervention was highly acceptable.

Conclusions

mHealth app prescription in general practice is feasible, and our implementation intervention was effective in increasing app prescription. GPs need more tailored education and training on the value of mHealth apps and knowledge of prescribable apps to be able to successfully change their prescribing habits to include apps. The future of sustainable and scalable app prescription requires a trustworthy electronic app repository of prescribable mHealth apps for GPs.
Application and investigation of wearable devices in the field of health care (Preprint)
Authors: Ye Sr Zhewei , Zhang Sr Jiayao , Xie Sr Yi , Xu Sr Song , Gao Sr Fei , Wu Sr Xinghuo
Published: March 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

With the development of science and technology, wearable devices have been widely used in the field of health care. In this article, we summarize the characteristics, key technologies, and classification of wearable devices, as well as their application in health and safety monitoring, chronic disease management, diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and rehabilitation. We analyze the shortcomings of wearable devices to highlight development trends and provide a useful reference for the development of wearable devices by collecting data on the application and investigation of wearable devices in the medical field.
Daftar Isi, Jurnal Kebijakan dan Pengembangan Pendidikan, Vol.6, No.2, Juli 2018
Authors: Isi Daftar
Published: March 2020

Implementasi Kebijakan Full Day School di SDN 3 Blimbing Kota Malang Ubaidillah Ubaidillah, Akhsanul In’am: 125-134Pengembangan Modul Pada Pembelajaran Ekstrakurikuler Karya Ilmiah di SD Muhammadiyah 9 Kota Malang Suseno Adi Utomo, Agus Tinus: 135-145Implementasi Kebijakan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah di SMP Negeri 3 Malang Siti Hanik Zubaidah, Nurul Zuriah: 146-157Analisis Problematika Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Pulau Gili Iyang Kabupaten Sumenep Nuris Syarifatul Imamiyah, Ainur Rofieq, Mohammad Syaifuddin: 158-174Upaya Meningkatkan Kompetensi Profesional Guru di SMP Muhammadiyah Waipare Kabupaten Sikka Vitalia Rahmawati Safrudin, Ichsan Anshory: 175-186Program Peningkatan Keterampilan Literasi Pada Sekolah Unggul di SD Muhammadiyah 9 Kota Malang Maulana Hudan Daromi, Mohammad Syaifuddin: 187-196Peran Kepala Sekolah Sebagai Manajer (Studi Multisitus) di MIN 1 dan MIN 2 Flores Timur Ilmin Sakir, Akhsanul In’am, Sri Hartiningsih: 197-208Analisis Peran Kepemimpinan Demokratis Kepala Sekolah dalam Membangun Kompetensi Sosial Guru di SMPK Santo Thomas Kabupaten Pamekasan Hairil Anwar, Sukarsono Sukarsono: 209-218Analisis Kesiapan Pelaksanaan Ujian Nasional Berbasis Komputer (UNBK) Mandiri  di SMP Muhammadiyah 10 Muncar Kabupaten Banyuwangi Fuad Muttaqin, Ahmad Juanda: 219-231Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Karakter Pada Anak Usia Dini di RA Al Mashitoh Tegalgondo Karangploso MalangAdhar Adhar, Akhsanul In’am, Sri Hartiningsih: 232-242
Processos e metodologias não-tradicionais no Ensino Superior de Engenharia Elétrica: a percepção de coordenadores de curso em dois países lusófonos
Authors: Pereira Cleber A. , Oliveira Paulo M. , Reis Manuel J.C.S.
Published: March 2020

O objetivo é investigar as ferramentas e metodologias utilizadas no Ensino Superior (ES) de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computadores (EEC), identificando as unidades curriculares que as utilizaram. A análise foi baseada na percepção dos coordenadores de curso. Utilizou-se a triangulação entre múltiplas metodologias e diferentes métodos de análise, combinando a análise léxica, análise de keywords e análise de conteúdo. Entrevistou-se coordenadores de curso em três universidades em Portugal e no Brasil. Na análise de conteúdo emergiram duas categorias: percepção dos coordenadores sobre metodologias não tradicionais e percepção sobre ferramentas de software como recursos didáticos. As iniciativas utilizando processos e metodologias de ensino não tradicionais foram reduzidas e pontuais, com ações individuais dos docentes e não de padrões de ensino discutidos e institucionalizados. A precariedade da infraestrutura dos laboratórios e das licenças de software foi um relato comum.Palavras-chave: Metodologias não Tradicionais. Coordenadores de Curso. Ferramentas. Engenharia Elétrica. Ensino Superior.
Sucesso e fracasso no Ensino Fundamental: uma relação entre reprovação, abandono e proficiência.
Authors: Leandro Alves de Carvalho Igor , Santos José Jefferson Aguiar dos , Chrispino Álvaro
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho busca relacionar reprovação, abandono e proficiência em Português e Matemática, a partir do SAEB/2015, para o Ensino Fundamental, no esforço de visualizar como essas relações se dão no âmbito das Unidades da Federação e Dependência Administrativa (federal, estadual, municipal e privada).  Se apropria de proposta metodológica apresentada anteriormente por Gomes (1997), atualizado por Silva et al (2016), onde reprovação e abandono são apresentados em par de eixos, permitindo melhor visualização das relações. Conclui que é perceptível a relação nos extremos de alta reprovação e alto abandono com baixa proficiência, assim como o inverso. É inclusivo para os estados que não estão com esses indicadores no extremo, indicando a necessidade de estudos mais detalhados, visto que o fenômeno observado é complexo e os estados possuem singularidade não capturadas na visão geral. Em síntese, não se comprova que o aluno reprovado aprenda mais, conforme reza o senso comum.
Panorama da Educação a Distância no Ensino Superior brasileiro
Authors: Ferreira Danielle Mello , Mourão Luciana
Published: March 2020

A Educação a Distância tem crescido em todo o mundo. Este artigo objetiva apresentar um panorama da graduação a distância no Brasil em termos de permanência, evasão, práticas pedagógicas e perfil discente. São discutidos caminhos percorridos, tendências e desafios para melhorias de qualidade. A partir de levantamento de dados secundários e de revisão de literatura, foi construído um panorama dos cursos de graduação a distância, tendo como base teórica um Modelo de Avaliação Integrado e Somativo, a partir de cinco componentes: Insumos, Processos, Procedimentos, Resultados e Ambiente. A análise aponta para uma célere expansão da modalidade nos últimos anos e uma evolução no Brasil. Também se constata uma defasagem das políticas públicas brasileiras para essa modalidade. Discute-se uma agenda de pesquisa que viabilize um avanço consistente na área.,Palavras-chave: Educação a Distância. Ensino Superior. Avaliação Educacional.
Avaliação como prática social: uma reflexão a partir das contribuições de Durkheim e Bourdieu
Authors: Dos Santos Cordeiro Glaucia Maria , Gonçalves de Miranda Marcelo Henrique
Published: March 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar como os conceitos de representações coletivas, em Durkheim, e de habitus, em Bourdieu, contribuem na compreensão das práticas avaliativas desenvolvidas em sala de aula pelos docentes. Partindo de uma abordagem qualitativa, este artigo se apresenta como uma pesquisa bibliográfica ao problematizar as avaliações como práticas localizadas nas estruturas sociais a partir dos processos de socialização vinculados às representações coletivas e das estruturas estruturadas e estruturas estruturantes materializadas no habitus. Na análise realizada, concluímos que a presença das ideias dos referidos sociólogos no campo da avaliação educacional não é apenas uma forma de compreender a avaliação escolar e os processos de ensino-aprendizagem, mas também de problematizá-la e desnaturalizá-la, na medida em que compreendemos avaliação como uma prática social que reflete a inteligibilidade dos indivíduos em relação à organização da estrutura social.Palavras-chave: Prática avaliativa. Representação Coletiva. Habitus.
Some aspects of regent titles in Tibet (XVII-XVIII)
Authors: Lyulina A. G.
Published: March 2020

Historical sources provide variety of Tibetan and Mongolian terms that were related to the position of regent in the Tibetan government of the XVII-XVIII centuries: desrid, deba, gyaltsab, gyalpo, miwang, nominhan and others. Probably, such a variety is associated not only with the constant changes of regent role and functions in some periods of Tibetan history, but also with the speciﬁcs of the relationship between politics and religion in a Buddhist state, as well as with the inﬂuence of Qing Empire. An analysis of the listed items in the context of the Tibetan system of government will allow classifying them by meaning and historical periods, to identify diﬀerences from the classical European concept of “regent”. It also helps to study some details of the regency history in Tibet, which has only few researches at the moment.
Display of Zen principles on distinctive features of Japanese business culture
Authors: Agekyan A. A. , Shaposhnikov S. V.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the research is to determine peculiarities of Japanese business culture, which formation and development was resulted from the inﬂuence of Zen Buddhism. The relevance of issue stems from the fact that in the context of globalization it is necessary to understand cultural speciﬁcities of business cultures in order to improve and adapt them to the constantly changing business environments. The main hypothesis to be conﬁrmed is that core principles and values of modern Japanese companies’ practices to a great extent have been developed in the context of Zen, that served as a principle guideline of monks’ and samurai’ economic operations several centuries prior. The hypothesis will be proved through mixed methodology with the implementation of descriptive, historical and comparative analysis.
The evolutionary process of normalization of Soviet-Chinese relations and its historical significance
Authors: Chunyue Lu
Published: March 2020

The normalization of Sino-Soviet relations reﬂects the gradual release of China’s foreign policy from the framework of strategic thinking that emerged during the Cold War and reﬂects a new diplomatic concept that has developed and enriched by Chinese leaders in the course of openness reforms. After almost three decades, the Chinese leaders ﬁnally advanced the “Social Path with Chinese Characteristics” and chose the “Independent Peaceful Foreign Policy”, which marks the implementation of radical coordination between China’s national development strategy and foreign policy since the late 1950s, marking the end of the cold war. The normalization of Sino-Soviet relations had an important inﬂuence not only on the entire process of the Cold War, but also on the social and political processes in China, in the first place. The process of development of Soviet-Chinese and Russian-Chinese relations directly reﬂects the establishment and regulation of domestic and foreign policy after the founding of New China, which has a great inﬂuence on the international political arena.
Rwanda - Burundi: Political Dialogue as a Method of Achieving Agreement
Authors: Ndayisaba Augustin
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the problem associated with the deterioration of relations between Rwanda and Burundi, which, according to various resources, are due to Rwanda’s interference in the internal affairs of Burundi. Special attention is paid to the role of political dialogue in the search for agreement between the two states. Thus, relations deteriorated further after the Bujumbura regime accused Rwanda of involvement in destabilizing the Bujumbura regime as a result of an attempt to support and arm Burundian refugees fleeing Burundi after the failed coup on May 13, 2015, committed against Burundi’s President Pierre Nkurunziza. Rwanda also accuses Burundi of supporting the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). This diplomatic crisis requires a regional effort to bring both countries to the negotiating table. In this way, the role of interregional organizations, especially the East African Community (EAC), is more significant in order to encourage both countries to engage in dialogue, taking into account that current diplomacy requires multilateralism to discuss and solve the problem. Political dialogue will help relieve tensions and remedy the situation. However, historical, cultural and linguistic rapprochement, are the basic prerequisites that allow both countries to come to their senses and coexist peacefully. The current situation between Burundi and Rwanda is a time bomb, which poses a threat to the security, political and socio-economic stability of the entire Great Lacs region of Africa. For this, regional communities must ensure that Member States respect the principle of good neighborliness and peaceful coexistence, all in the interest of preventing the risk of any conflict and ensuring geopolitical stability.
The Changes of Forms of Public Contestation in PostDemocracy
Authors: Savenkov Roman V.
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses the main trends in changing forms of political contestation of citizens in contemporary competitive and non-competitive political regimes. Social transformations led to the destruction of traditional social groups capable of joint political action. Along with social changes in the political sphere, the nature of the basic institution of political contestation - political parties - has changed, acting as political opposition. Contemporary political party reduces the scale of citizen involvement in political action, increasing the cost of political advertising, thereby becoming dependent on influential economic interest groups and state funding. The weakening of the political pressure of society through institutionalized channels led to the disappointment of the democratic system as a whole. Citizens in the contemporary world increasingly prefer noninstitutionalized and illegitimate forms of political action. However, observations of dispute practices in North Africa, the Middle East, Spain, the United States, France, and Russia in the 2010s demonstrate that the dominant position of institutional channels of influence on political and public decisions has been maintained. New opportunities of the Internet for organizing collective actions of citizens have not led to the formation of a new identity of dissatisfied people and the consolidation of effective online deliberation practices.
Iran’s Soft Power Tools in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Garbuzarova Elena G.
Published: March 2020

The article examines the use of “soft power” tools used by Iran in relation to Kyrgyzstan. The analysis of the evolving fundamental concepts of Iranian foreign policy in Central Asia allowed us to trace a shift in the Islamic Republic’s international priorities in the region. Objective logic prompted the Iranian leadership to move from “exporting the Islamic revolution” to the pragmatic model of pursuing its national interests. Iran has consecutively incorporated soft power tools into its foreign policy activities in Central Asia. Given the pressure from the sanctions imposed by the United States, Iran attaches particular importance to improving the effectiveness of its soft power in order to expand cooperation horizons with the outside world. By the end of the 20th century, Iran’s leadership had already laid the foundations of its cultural diplomacy in the region, which mainly served to promote influence through the export of cultural values. The Iranian approach to soft power in world politics is based on the principles of reciprocity between different civilizations and peaceful coexistence of all countries and peoples. Through the Persian language, philosophy, literature and poetry, Iran influences the population of the Central Asian region, mainly the peoples sharing certain features with the Turkic-speaking world. Iran’s cultural and educational activities in Kyrgyzstan have demonstrated noticeable dynamics: the spread of soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Kyrgyzstan is carried out through cultural institutions and educational projects. Despite the fact that Kyrgyzstan is culturally more inclined towards the Turkic world, the experience shows that Iran’s cultural values also find support among the population of the republic.
Psycholinguistic Analysis of the Associations of the Concepts “Man” and “Woman” Typical of the Siberian Turkic Peoples
Authors: Egorova Aida I.
Published: March 2020

This study examines the associations of the concepts “Man” and “Woman” typical of the Turkic peoples of Siberia, i.e. Altaians, Tuvans, Khakas, and Yakuts. The objective of the study was to identify the semantic fields of stimuli associated with these concepts determined by the ethnocultural context. The study tested the hypothesis that the core of the associative fields of these concepts, in a meaningful sense, will have more similarities than differences among the Turkic ethnic groups mentioned above. The study involved 487 representatives of the Siberian Turkic peoples, namely 80 Altaians, 157 Tuvans, 126 Khakas, and 124 Yakuts, including 230 men and 257 women aged 18-65, of whom 145 were with a secondary general education, 73 were technical school graduates and 269 had an academic degree. The main research method was a survey with elements of an associative experiment. A total of 1844 associations were revealed, including 914 for the stimulus “man” and 930 for the stimulus “woman”. During the content analysis, all the answers were divided into six categories, which included subcategories and various indicators, i.e. ‘Physical characteristics’, ‘Status-role characteristics’, ‘Man’, ‘Subject, nature, abstraction, image’, ‘Personal qualities’, and ‘Behavioural characteristics’. By the number of references in the images “man” and “woman”, the first three ranks belong to ‘Status-role characteristics’, ‘Personal qualities’ and ‘Physical characteristics’. As for the core of the associative fields of the concept “man”, the respondents included the following indicators in it: ‘strong’, ‘defender’, ‘can stand up for his family’, ‘can defend the rights of his family’, ‘supporter of the family’, ‘shoulder’, ‘adviser’, ‘provider’, ‘breadwinner’, ‘father’, ‘dad’, ‘parent’, ‘master of the house’, ‘courageous’; and specifically: ‘smart’ (Tuvans and Khakas); ‘brave’, ‘fearless’, ‘bold’, ‘valiant’ (Tuvans and Yakuts); ‘stands by his word’ (Altaians); ‘strong-willed’ (Yakuts). The core of the associative fields of the concept “woman” included such indicators as: ‘beautiful’, ‘striking’, ‘well-groomed’, ‘attractive’, ‘nice’, ‘sweet’, ‘mom’, ‘mistress of the house’, ‘guardian of the hearth’, ‘feminine’, ‘soft’, ‘tender’, ‘kind’, ‘affectionate’, ‘kind-hearted’, ‘generous’, ‘helpful’, ‘sincere’, ‘smart’, ‘wife’, ‘caring’. The results of the study can be used for developing concepts and programmes of gender and family policy of the state as well as find application in the work of services of social and psychological assistance to families in the national regions of the Russian Federation.
Tatiana G. Stefanenko’s Impact to the Development of Ethnopsychological Research in Azerbaijan
Authors: Shirkov Yuri E. , Azimzade Aydan A. , Hasanova Ulkar U. , Novruzova Leyla Z.
Published: March 2020

The article provides a brief historical survey of the Azerbaijani school of ethnopsychological research, revealing the role of T.G. Stefanenko in its development. The authors present the results accumulated during the first years of ethnopsychological studies in Baku under the direct supervision of T.G. Stefanenko: (1) features of the ethnic identity of adolescents from Azerbaijani and Azerbaijani-Russian families; (2) cross-cultural differences in the value orientations of students living in Azerbaijan and Russia; and (3) the relationship of the time perspective and characteristics of ethnic identity among representatives of Azerbaijani and Russian cultures.
Sino-Russian Intercultural Communication Research: Literature Review
Authors: Vasilyeva Ekaterina D. , Lebedeva Nadezhda M.
Published: March 2020

International relations between China and Russia have a long-lasting history. At the same time interpersonal contacts between these two ethnic groups face difficulties associated with language, cultural distance, prejudices and other factors. This article presents a review of studies on the problem of Russian-Chinese intercultural interaction. Due to its interdisciplinary nature the studies are scattered both methodologically and with respect to its theoretical foundations. In this regard, we conditionally divide the considered works into four main areas: studying the perception of the image of Russia and China among Russians and Chinese, classification of Sino-Russian communication barriers, cross-cultural analysis of communication components, and indigenous concepts of Chinese psychology related to the process of intercultural interaction. A brief review of the modern research results gained by Russian and Chinese authors on effective communication and building trustful relationships is given. The results of studies revealing important differences at the level of verbal and non-verbal communication are presented. Particular attention is paid to cross-cultural research aimed at identifying etic and emic attributes of the situation of intercultural interaction. The most common approaches to understanding the concept of trust and its operationalization in Chinese studies are described. The importance of further studying mechanisms of building trustful relationships between representatives of the two countries is noted. In conclusion, unresolved problems and current trends in the study of intercultural communication are identified.
Phraseological Preposition afin de in the Customs Discourse: A Case Study of French-Language Customs Press
Authors: Sosunova Galina A.
Published: March 2020

The article investigates the semantic and grammatical aspects of modern branch discourse on the example of French-language texts devoted to customs control. Noting to the frequent use of constructions with the phraseological preposition afin de in the texts under study, the author suggests analysing not only their structural, semantic, and discursive characteristics, but also exploring them as a significant communicative means that reveals the semantic potential of grammar in the French-language customs discourse. The discursive-pragmatic strategy of the addressee is manifested in the choice of prepositional constructions that determine the discursive features of French-language customs texts. Stylistically colored vocabulary, infinitives in negative form, and phraseological units employed in the constructions are discussed as factors aimed to influence the addressee. The results of the study allow us to view the phraseological preposition afin de as a grammatical tool with a communicative orientation, which plays an important role in the formation of French-speaking customs discourse.
Mexican Politeness: an Empirical Study on the Reasons Underlying/Motivating Practices to Construct Local Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Mugford Gerrard
Published: March 2020

Fundamental concepts are all too often taken for granted in im/politeness research, especially since they are not always carefully and fully defined before researchers engage in confronting methodological issues. Definitions of im/politeness may reflect ‘armchair’ or intuitive approaches (Jucker and Staley 2017), which frequently ignore the sociocultural context within which relational work is performed. Following Larina’s (2015) concept of communicative ethno-style , this study examines how Mexican im/politeness studies regularly build on classic ethnocentric decontextualised im/politeness approaches (e.g., Brown and Levinson 1987) and fail to understand laypeople’s co-constructed discursive approaches (e.g. Watts 2003). This paper questions national and regional stereotypical approaches to understanding im/politeness practices and patterns. It examines the Mexican context and identifies how relational work is carried out at a localised level. Individual interactants can decide how they want to come across and which pragmatic resources they will employ when constructing, developing and maintaining interpersonal relationships. The paper is structured in the following way. First, I examine theoretical, discursive and contextually explanatory approaches to researching Spanish-language im/politeness in general. Then, by focusing on individual underlying social and linguistic behaviour, I scrutinise particular Mexican sociocultural politeness practices such as displaying confianza (familiar trust) and respeto (hierarchical respect) (Félix-Brasdefer 2008). In order to do so, I asked interview participants to assess their own motivations behind employing such im/politeness practices and provide experiences/instances of Mexican sociocultural practices. Finally, discussion focuses on how Mexican interactants co-construct interpersonal relations and how these are reflected through localised im/politeness patterns and practices
Brian Ward's 'Just My Soul Responding: Rhythm and Blues, Black Consciousness, and Race Relations'
Authors: Pennington Jody W.
Published: March 2020

-
Jerome Loving's 'Walt Wlzitman: The Song of Himself'
Authors: Shackleton Mike
Published: March 2020

-
Daniel T. Rodgers' 'Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age
Authors: Leslie Bruce
Published: March 2020

-
Hans H. Skei's 'Reading William Faulkner's Best Short Stories'
Authors: Gretlund Jan Nordby
Published: March 2020

-
William Mandel: 'Saying No to Power - Autobiography of a 20th Century Activist and Thinker'
Authors: Holm Nancy Graham
Published: March 2020

-
Letramento Científico e Ensino de Ciências: práticas pedagógicas pautadas na consideração dos conhecimentos prévios e na aprendizagem significativa para promover a formação cidadã
Authors: Martins Ana Elisa Piedade Sodero , Nicolli Aline Andreia
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo apresenta algumas reflexões acerca da produção de conhecimento científico pautadas nos estudos de Delizoicov, Angotti e Pernambuco (2009). Para tanto, buscamos compreender as distintas dimensões das relações estabelecidas entre os sujeitos e o conhecimento científico, na dinâmica da sala de aula, especificamente no que se refere à importância dos conhecimentos prévios na apropriação dos conhecimentos científicos. Da mesma forma, propomos uma reflexão acerca dos aspectos do planejamento de aulas de Ciências para compreender como elas podem, quando desenvolvidas, promover o Letramento Científico, nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, com base em práticas pedagógicas alicerçadas na aprendizagem significativa.
Desenvolvimento de um projeto de implementação de aulas experimentais no Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII (UFJF): implicações para o ensino, a pesquisa e a extensão.
Authors: Bassoli Fernanda , Dias Érica Maria Nascimento , Araújo Thamiris Dornelas de , Hara Márcia Fernandes Pinheiro
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo relata o desenvolvimento de um projeto de inserção de aulas experimentais no currículo de Ciências Naturais das turmas do segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental no Colégio de Aplicação João XXIII (UFJF). A motivação do projeto perpassa a importância da experimentação na aprendizagem de Ciências, visando potencializa as aulas experimentais anteriormente realizadas, além da possibilidade de ampliação quantitativa de tais aulas. Nesse sentido, houve a divisão das turmas para a realização de dinâmicas experimentais. Proporcionou-se, dessa forma, maior segurança no laboratório, bem como maior interação entre os estudantes e os experimentos (hands on, minds on, hearts on, social on). Verifica-se que o projeto gera resultados positivos no ensino de ciências do colégio, com o desenvolvimento de uma cultura científica, além de repercutir no campo da pesquisa e da extensão, com destaque para a formação inicial e continuada de professores.
Relato de experiência: Descobrindo a Iniciação Científica
Authors: Tebaldi Magnólia
Published: March 2020

Este artigo descreve a trajetória de pesquisadora de uma estudante do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A estudante conta sobre sua vida escolar sem acesso à Iniciação Científica, e as mudanças que aconteceram quando ela ingressou no Colégio de Aplicação da UFRGS, no 8º ano, com Iniciação Científica no currículo regular. Além disso, ela relata sua experiência como bolsista de Iniciação Científica, e reflete sobre os diferentes modos de fazer Ciência que vem conhecendo.
Potential protection against type 2 diabetes in obesity through lower CD36 expression and improved exocytosis in β-cells
Authors: Admin Ada , Nagao Mototsugu , Esguerra Jonathan L.S. , Asai Akira , Ofori Jones K. , Edlund Anna , Wendt Anna , Sugihara Hitoshi , Wollheim Claes B. , Oikawa Shinichi , Eliasson Lena
Published: March 2020

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D), however not all obese individuals develop the disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cause of differential insulin secretion capacity of pancreatic islets from T2D and non-T2D (ND) especially obese donors (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Islets from obese
T2D donors had reduced insulin secretion, decreased B-cell exocytosis and
higher expression of fatty acid translocase CD36. We tested the hypothesis that
CD36 is a key molecule in the reduced insulin secretion capacity. Indeed, CD36
overexpression led to decreased insulin secretion, impaired exocytosis and
reduced granule docking. This was accompanied with reduced expression of the
exocytotic proteins, SNAP25, STXBP1 and VAMP2, likely because CD36 induced
down-regulation of the IRS proteins, suppressed insulin signaling PI3K-AKT
pathway and increased nuclear localization of the transcription factor FoxO1.
CD36 antibody treatment of the human B-cell line, EndoC-BH1, increased IRS1 and
exocytotic protein levels, improved granule docking and enhanced insulin
secretion. Our results demonstrate that B-cells from obese T2D donors have
dysfunctional exocytosis likely due to an abnormal lipid handling represented
by differential CD36 expression. Hence, CD36 could be a key molecule to limit B-cell
function in T2D associated with obesity.
Shift in Perception of Blacks in America
Authors: Dincer Erol Yamen
Published: March 2020

This paper is about the shift in perception of the disadvantages of blacks in America and how segregation exacerbates this racial attitude. Both white and black Americans are affected by segregation. There are views suggesting that racism has ended. However, my analysis proves the opposite. Only the way it is expressed has changed. Raw data is utilized from the General Social Survey (GSS) between 1972 and 2006 to verify this change in perception. The analysis confirms that a majority of Americans still do not see discrimination as a reason for the disadvantages of blacks, and that segregation increases this view. This study aims to raise awareness so that civil and political leaders can take relevant steps to achieve racial equity. This paper closes with study limitations and suggestions.