bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of socio-demographic variables and risk of type 2 diabetes using Indian diabetes risk score: a cross-sectional study in urban Mysuru
Authors: Ahmed Mansoor , A. M. Amrutha
Published: January 2018

Background: About 422 million people worldwide have diabetes. India has 69.2 million people living with diabetes out of a population of 1.3 billion (8.7%) as per the 2015 data. Of these, it remained undiagnosed in more than 36 million people. Early identification of at-risk individuals and appropriate lifestyle intervention would help in preventing or postponing the onset of diabetes mellitus. Present study aimed to study the association of IDRS components with socio demographic and anthropometric variables among adults in urban area of Mysore.Methods: A community-based cross sectional study was conducted in the urban areas of the field practice area of Mysore Medical College and Research Institute. The study was conducted between March and July 2015. Using the estimation set up technique for proportion, the sample size was calculated to be 872 rounded off to 900, with level of significance of 5% and precision of 10%. Risk level for diabetes was assessed using Indian Diabetic Risk Score (IDRS) and sociodemographic and anthropometric factors were assessed through a semi structured pretested questionnaire.Results: Of 900 participants, 197 (21.9%) had a high risk score (IDRS ≥60), the majority of participants (383; 42.5%) were in the moderate-risk category (IDRS 30–50). There was statistically significant difference between type of family and different risk categories under age component of IDRS (p<0.0005). Statistical significance was observed for marital status and SES among different age groups. Association was found significant between family history of diabetes component of IDRS and gender. There was also statistically significant difference between SES and different risk categories under family history of diabetes component of IDRS (p<0.0005).Conclusions: IDRS should be used routinely in community-based screening to find out high risk category of population for diabetes.
A study of risk factors associated with hypertension among the school going children in Puducherry
Authors: J. Arun Daniel , R. Kavinilavu
Published: January 2018

Background: High blood pressure in childhood is a predictor of hypertension in adults and its presence is influenced by various clinical and social risk factors. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of high BP in school going children aged 10 years and above; to assess the risk factors associated with high blood pressure; to compare the prevalence of high blood pressure and associated risk factors among the government and private school going children.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted during July to August 2016 by selecting two schools situated in the urban field practice areas including 423 children aged 10 to 18 years. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire in which dietary habits were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were made under standard WHO protocol.Results: The overall prevalence of high blood pressure was 12.8%. Factors like age (p=0.005), family history of hypertension (p=0.01), both parents having history of hypertension (p=0.02), poor school performance (p=0.05)and obesity(p=0.001) were significantly associated with high blood pressure among the school children.Conclusions: There were a higher proportion of male hypertensives in the private schools whereas government schools had more female hypertensives.
Overweight and obesity among higher secondary level students of Tulsipur Municipality, Nepal
Authors: Regmi Shailesh , P. Jagannath
Published: January 2018

Background: The global epidemic of overweight/obesity – termed “globesity” is a major public health problem where rates of obesity have tripled in developing countries over the last 20 years. Factors like studying in private schools, consumption of unhealthy diet, insufficient physical activity and shortened night-time sleep duration are shown to be related with overweight and obesity. Hence, this study aims to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and the relationship of BMI with the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors.Methods: A school based descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 participants chosen randomly from grade 11 and 12. Measurements of height and weight were taken to calculate BMI and primary data about determinants of obesity was collected through semi structured questionnaire. The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 16v.Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was 4.25% and 2.25% respectively. Consumption of fast food and sugary drinks was found among 99% and 95% of the respondents respectively. Higher screening time for TV/Computer, shortened sleep duration and reduced physical activity led to higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Factors like type of school [esp. private school, (p=0.019, 95% CI)], type of family (p=0.039, 95% CI), occupation of mother (p=0.019, 95% CI) were statistically significant with BMI.Conclusions: Apart from under-nutrition problem, there exists increasing trend of over-nutrition among higher secondary students in Tulsipur Municipality, Nepal. The shift of under-nutrition problem to over-nutrition says we need to rethink about the consequences of over-nutrition.
A Study of the Prevalence of Depression in Geriatric Outpatients and Associated Predisposing Factors
Authors: BS Dr. Bineetha , Vijayakumar Dr. Priya , Senan Dr. Sunil K. , Paul Dr. George
Published: January 2018

Geriatric depression is a major health hazard which may affect upto 15-20% of the geriatric population in the world. This study is being undertaken to estimate the prevalence of depression in the elderly population and to identify the predisposing factors associated with depression. A cross sectional study on patients above 65 years of age attending an outpatient clinic was done. They were screened using the Geriatric Depression Scale (30-point questionnaire).  The association between depression and possible predisposing factors was tested using chi-square test. Out of 250 outpatients at the Geriatrics Outpatient Department, 133 patients were diagnosed to have depression, giving a prevalence of 53.2%. Out of these patients, 102 patients (76.69%) were diagnosed to have mild depression and 31 patients (23.31%) were diagnosed to have severe depression. The commonest symptoms associated with depression were anxiety (57.9% patients), sleep disturbances (55.6% patients), irritability (42.9% patients) and somatic symptoms (37.6% patients). The predisposing factors that were significantly associated with depression were female gender, poor level of education, unemployed or retired life, multiple comorbid illnesses, polypharmacy, adverse life events, fincancial crisis in the family and functional impairment.The prevalence of depression was 53.2% in Geriatric patients, and majority of cases were mild depression. Gender, socioeconomic variables, lifestyle and comorbid medical conditions are important predisposing factors to the development of depression in the geriatric population.
The Effect Range of Motion (Rom) Exercise on Lower Extremities Joint Pain Level for Elderly at Gampong Tanjung Selamat Kec. Darussalam Kab. Aceh Besar
Authors: Rahmiati Cut , Afrianti Novi
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND : Joint pain is a condition that often experienced for elderly and caused by a degenerative disease that causes reduced joint synovial fluid and give a pain and joint stiffness. ROM excercise is an exercise to increasing flexibility of muscles and joints.
PURPOSE : The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of ROM excercise on lower extremities joint pain level for elderly.
METHODS : The method of this research was a quasi experimental research design consisted of pre and postest without control. The data collected by 6 time for 2 weeks, with amount of sample counted 33 respondents. The level of the lower extremities joint pain was measured by VAS pain scale. The data were analyzed with SPSS 17 program with non parametric statistic test, to see the scale of lower extremities joint pain in elderly when there was no movement was measured by McNemar test, while moving (walk) and to see the general lower extremities pain scale before and after ROM exercise was measured by Marginal Homogenity test.
RESULTS : The research result showed the differences of joint pain scale before and after ROM exercise when the elderly has no movement (p value = 0,05), and there is a differences for pain scale before and after ROM exercise when the elderly has movement (p value = 0,005). Generally, there is a difference joint pain level between before and after ROM exercise (p value = 0,014).
CONCLUSIONS : After doing ROM exercise for 6 times, the reduction of joint pain in elderly was occured. When there was no any movement, the level of low joint pain in elderly before ROM exercise was about 30,3% to being 3% after ROM exercise. When moving (walk) the level of low joint pain which is being suffering by elderly from 54% before ROM exercise being 36,4% after ROM exercise. While generally before ROM exercise, the level of medium joint pain in elderly was about 15,2% before ROM exercise being null (0%), means that no body suffers joint pain after ROM exercise. Statistically, based on non-parametric test by McNemar and Marginal Homogeneity test, there was the significant difference in scale of average scores in joint pain before and after ROM exercise when there was no any movement with P-value 0,004 and when the was a movement (walk) P-value 0,005. Generally, there was the difference in avarage scores in joint pain in elderly before and after ROM exercise with P-Value 0,014. So, ROM exercise can be used as a way to decrease the scale of joint pain in erderly.
Two nominalizing suffixes in brazilian portuguese: locality constraints on morphophonological realization
Authors: Freitas Maria Luisa
Published: January 2018

Este artigo discute os aspectos morfofonológicos de dois sufixos nominalizadores no Português Brasileiro: -ção e –mento. Tendo em vista um modelo sintático de formação de palavras como o proposto pela Morfologia Distribuída e assumindo que a derivação sintática procede em termos de fases, argumentamos que os aspectos morfofonológicos dessas nominalizações são o resultado de duas propriedades sintáticas: primeiro, o tipo de estrutura argumental do verbo; e segundo, o ponto na derivação no qual a estrutura sintática é enviada ao componente fononlógico.
Family Resemblance and the Syncretism of Reflexive Marks: The Case of Georgian.
Authors: Lazzarini-Cyrino João Paulo
Published: January 2018

Georgian verbal pre-radical vowel -i- raises many issues for generative and cognitive approaches to the syncretism of reflexive marks. The vowel bears medio-passive functionalities (Nash, 2002), occurring also in full reflexives (Amiridze, 2006) and as a perfective aspect marker for atelic verbs (Holisky, 1981). In this paper I show that any analysis based in valence reduction - the most obvious path for accounting for this kind of phenomenon - is uncapable of foreseeing the distribution of -i-. Alternatively, I propose that the vowel is distributed according to a Wittgensteinian Family Resemblance (Familienähnlichkeit) set.
Discutindo Análise de Conteúdo como Método: o #DiadaConsciênciaNegra no Twitter
Authors: Recuero Raquel
Published: January 2018

O trabalho busca explorar o discurso sobre o Dia da Consciência Negra no Brasil, através do Twitter. Há dois objetivos: (1) Explorar as contribuições de um design metodológico de Análise de Conteúdo com foco referencial e Análise de Redes para grandes conjuntos de dados, especialmente aqueles coletados em sites de rede social e; (2) Discutir como as redes de conceitos auxiliam a compreender, através da exclusão e da presença, o discurso sobre a data. Para tanto, foram coletados e analisados mais de 2 mil tweets. Os resultados apontam para um discurso de exclusão do negro enquanto ator, uma marginalização deste e redução de seu sentido àquele da descrição da data.
O ‘trabalho dobrado do livro: sobre o jornal Dobrabil, de Glauco Mattoso
Authors: Scudeller Gustavo
Published: January 2018

Entre 1977 e 1981, Glauco Mattoso (codinome literário de Pedro José Ferreira da Silva) levou a cabo uma das mais inusitadas experiências com a poesia e a prosa visuais já realizadas na literatura brasileira, ao escrever e distribuir, via correio, o seu Jornal Dobrabil. Inicialmente concebidos para serem lidos numa só folha de papel A4, batida à máquina em frente e verso, xerocopiada e dobrada ao meio, com tiragem e ordem irregulares, os fascículos do jornal foram reunidos pela primeira vez em livro ainda em 1981, e reeditados, em 2001, pela Editora Iluminuras. Essa passagem do jornal ao livro conjunta e inversamente à passagem do artesanato poético para a edição impressa na obra de Glauco Mattoso é a questão que mais imediatamente nos interessa aqui. Partindo da hipótese de que, sendo uma espécie de work in progress, o jornal já presumiria em sua concepção geral uma ideia de livro, procuraremos demonstrar como essa ideia remonta a uma tradição moderna de reflexão poética sobre as relações entre o livro e a imprensa e como essa tradição funda a própria ideia de jornal no panfleto poético-literário de Glauco. Neste caso, privilegiaremos a linhagem franco-brasileira dessa tradição, da qual Mallarmé, na França, e Haroldo de Campos, um dos maiores divulgadores de sua obra no Brasil, são dois nomes cruciais.
Poéticas do infinito em Os lados do círculo, de Amilcar Bettega
Authors: Prado Amanda Priscila Santos
Published: January 2018

Este ensaio discute a composição do livro Os lados do círculo (2004), de Amilcar Bettega, em diálogo com a ideia de infinito e suas possibilidades poéticas. Levando em consideração o conceito do "ainda-não" como potencial utópico na cultura, conforme elaborado por Bloch (1959), e a ideia do "livro por vir", de Blanchot (1959), analiso o modo como, em sua configuração circular e, portanto, infinita, o livro de Bettega possui uma dimensão metaficcional.
Infrastructural and Human Factors affecting Safety Outcomes of Cyclists
Authors: Useche Sergio , Montoro Luis , Alonso Francisco , Oviedo-Trespalacios Oscar
Published: January 2018

The increasing number of registered road crashes involving cyclists during the last decade, and the high proportion of road crashes resulting in severe injuries and fatalities among cyclists constitutes a global issue for community health, urban development, and sustainability. Nowadays, the incidence of many risk factors for road crashes of cyclists remains largely unexplained. Given the importance of this issue, the present study has been conducted with the aim of determining relationships between infrastructural, human factors and safety outcomes of cyclists. Objectives: This study aimed, first, to examine the relationship between key infrastructural and human factors present in cycling, bicycle-user characteristics, and their self-reported experience with road crashes. And second, to determine whether a set of key infrastructural and human factors may predict their self-reported road crashes. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 1064 cyclists (38.8% women, 61.2% men; M = 32.8 years of age) from 20 different countries across Europe, South America and North America, participated in an online survey composed of four sections: demographic data and cycling-related factors, human factors, perceptions on infrastructural factors, and road crashes suffered. Results: The results of this study showed significant associations between human factors, infrastructural conditions and self-reported road crashes. Also, a logistic regression model found that self-reported road crashes of cyclists could be predicted through variables such as age, riding intensity, risky behaviors, and problematic user/infrastructure interactions. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that self-reported road crashes of cyclists are influenced by features related to the user and their interaction with infrastructural characteristics of the road.
Effects of Oxidized Brown Coal Humic Acid Fertilizer on the Relative Height Growth Rate of Several Tree Species
Authors: Tsetsegmaa Ganchudur , Ahmedi Khaulenbek , Cho Wonwoo , Lee Sora , Chandra Romika , Choi Eun Jung , Wainkwa Chia Rogers , Ho Duck Kang
Published: January 2018

Field experiments were carried out during 2011-2014 at the Research and Experimental Center to Combating Desertification located in the Elsen Tasarkhai station of central Mongolia. The study was aimed to identify the effects of oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizer on the relative growth rate of several trees for forest rehabilitation. The trees used were Populus sibirica, Salix ledebouriana and Acer tataricum. The experiment was carried out with the concentrations of 2,000, 10,000 and 20,000 mg L-1 of humic acid fertilization treatments. The measurement of relative height growth rate (RHGR) was conducted for a period of 4 years. The treatments showed significant differences within humic fertilizer concentrations which differed depending on the species. Compared to the monthly RHGR over the study, the treatment of fertilizers were significantly better for tree growth. P. sibirica in the 10,000 and 20,000 mg L-1 humic acid fertilizers had significant height growth rates. In addition, when the humic acid treatments were compared to control, A. tataricum decreased over the years which were statistically significant for high growth rate and a positive effect of humic acid fertilization treatments was observed. Furthermore, results showed that oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilizers as organic fertilizer can have a positive effect for the growth of A. tataricum during the study years. The results showed that the soil chemical properties EC, CO2, NO3, and K2O were significant among all the treatments compared to the control. The effect on P2O5 statistically significantly increased among all the treatments. However, pH and Mg were not significant effect among all the treatments. Combining the results obtained from the oxidized brown coal humic acid fertilization with sustainable land management practices can help improve soil organics for environmental issues in degraded sandy soil regions.
Comparison of the Economic Value of Urban Trees Through Surveys with Photographs in Two Seasons
Authors: García-Ventura Claudia , Sánchez-Medina Álvaro , Grande-Ortíz M. Ángeles , González-García Concepción , Ayuga-Tellez Esperanza
Published: January 2018

Urban trees are generally considered to be a public asset and are an important part of a city's heritage. The aim of this work is to analyse the influence of season on the economic appraisal of various trees in Madrid. Photographs were taken of 43 individual tree specimens in summer and winter. The survey was designed to compare differences of opinion in the economic assessment of trees. The trees were assessed by five valuation methods used worldwide. 78 agroforestry engineering students answered a written survey, and the variables considered were: percentage of students who always evaluated the tree equally (%0), percentage of students who assigned more value to the summer photograph (%S), and percentage of students who assigned more value to the winter photograph (%W). The results were analysed by the statistical test of equal proportions and ANOVA to detect differences according to tree type (evergreen or deciduous), species and other groupings made by the authors in previous works. W and S percentages are similar. The ANOVA analysis rejects the equality of percentages of S and W between groups. The Welch test rejects the equality of percentage of S, W and O between species.
A High-Precision Adaptive Thermal Network Model for Monitoring the Junction Temperature of IGBTs
Authors: An Ning , Du Mingxing , Hu Zhen , Wei Kexin
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a novel method for optimizing the Cauer-type thermal network model considering both the temperature influence on the extraction of parameters and the errors caused by the physical structure. In terms of prediction of the transient junction temperature and the steady-state junction temperature, the parameters of conventional Cauer-type are modified, and the general method for estimating junction temperature is studied by using the adaptive thermal network model. The results show that junction temperature estimated by adaptive Cauer-type thermal network model is more accurate than that of the conventional model.
Suitable Aggregation Models Based on Risk Preferences for Supplier Selection and Order Allocation Problem
Authors: Suprasongsin Sirin , Yenradee Pisal , Huynh Van-Nam , Charoensiriwath Chayakrit ,   School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan,   School of Manufacturing Systems and Mechanical Engineering, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University 99 Moo 18, Km. 41 on Paholyothin Highway Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand,   National Electronics and Computer Technology Center 112 Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang District, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we propose (a) fuzzy multiple objective linear programming models for the Supplier Selection and Order Allocation (SSOA) problem under fuzzy demand and volume/quantity discount environments, and (b) an analysis of how to select the suitable aggregation operator based on the risk preferences of decision makers. The aggregation operators under consideration are additive, maximin, and augmented operators while the risk preferences are classified as risk-averse, risk-taking, and risk-neutral ones. The suitabilities of aggregation operators and risk preferences of decision makers are analyzed by a statistical technique, considering the average and the lowest satisfaction levels of the supplier selection criteria, based on numerical examples. Analysis results reveal that decision makers with different risk preferences will prefer only some aggregation operators and models. Moreover, a particular aggregation operator and model may generate a dominated solution for some situations. Thus, it should be applied with caution.
Enhanced Service Discovery Model for Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Ndlovu Lungisani ,   Tshwane University of Technology Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa, Kogeda Okuthe P. , Lall Manoj
Published: January 2018

Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are the only cost-effective networks that support seamless connectivity, wide area network (WAN) coverage, and mobility features. However, the rapid increase in the number of users on these networks has brought an upsurge in competition for available resources and services. Consequently, factors such as link congestion, data collisions, link interferences, etc. are likely to occur during service discovery on these networks. This further degrades their quality of service (QoS). Therefore, the quick and timely discovery of these services becomes an essential parameter in optimizing the performance of service discovery on WMNs. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an enhanced service discovery model that solves the performance bottleneck incurred by service discovery on WMNs. The proposed model integrates the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithms to improve QoS. We use the PSO algorithm to assign different priorities to services on the network. On the other hand, we use the ACO algorithm to effectively establish the most cost-effective path whenever each transmitter has to be searched to identify whether it possesses the requested service(s). Furthermore, we design and implement the link congestion reduction (LCR) algorithm to define the number of service receivers to be granted access to services simultaneously. We simulate, test, and evaluate the proposed model in Network Simulator 2 (NS2), against ant colony-based multi constraints, QoS-aware service selection (QSS), and FLEXIble Mesh Service Discovery (FLEXI-MSD) models. The results show an average service discovery throughput of 80%, service availability of 96%, service discovery delay of 1.8 s, and success probability of service selection of 89%.
Power Curve Based-Fuzzy Wind Speed Estimation in Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Authors: Naba Agus ,   Study Program of Instrumentation, Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Brawijaya Jl. Veteran, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia, Nadhir Ahmad
Published: January 2018

Availability of wind speed information is of great importance for maximization of wind energy extraction in wind energy conversion systems. The wind speed is commonly obtained from a direct measurement employing a number of anemometers installed surrounding the wind turbine. In this paper a sensorless fuzzy wind speed estimator is proposed. The estimator is easy to build without any training or optimization. It works based on the fuzzy logic principles heuristically inferred from the typical wind turbine power curve. The wind speed estimation using the proposed estimator was simulated during the operation of a squirrel-cage induction generator-based wind energy conversion system. The performance of the proposed estimator was verified by the well estimated wind speed obtained under the wind speed variation.
A Heterogeneous Ensemble Learning Voting Method for Fatigue Detection in Daily Activities
Authors: Wang Lulu , Huang Zhiwu , Hao Shuai , Cheng Yijun , Yang Yingze ,   School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University Changsha City, Hunan Province 410075, China,   Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Rail Vehicles Braking Technology
Published: January 2018

Lower extremity fatigue is a risk factor for falls and injuries. This paper proposes a machine learning system to detect fatigue states, which considers the different influences of common daily activities on physical health. A wearable inertial unit is devised for gait data acquisition. The collected data are reorganized into nine data subsets for dimension reduction, and then preprocessed via gait cycle division, visualization, and oversampling. Then, a heterogeneous ensemble learning voting method is employed to train nine classifiers. The results indicate that the method reaches an accuracy of 92%, which is obtained by the plurality voting method using data subset prediction classes. Comparing the results shows that the final result is more accurate than the results of each individual data subset, and the heterogeneous voting method is advantageous when balancing out individual weaknesses of a set of equally well-performing models.
Healthy Eating Habits Support System Considering User Taste Preferences and Nutritional Balance
Authors: Hayashi Yuta , Oku Ryouta , Takenouchi Hiroshi , Tokumaru Masataka ,   Kansai University Graduate School 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan,   Fukuoka Institute of Technology 3-30-1 Wajiro-higashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 811-0295, Japan,   Kansai University 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
Published: January 2018

We propose a Healthy Eating Habits Support System (HEHSS) which considers user taste preferences and nutritional balance. The proposed system comprises a Nutritional Management System (NMS) and a Kansei Retrieval System (KRS). The NMS generates nutritionally balanced menus using the tabu search method. The KRS learns user taste preferences through interaction with a user, and then uses this information to recommend appropriate menus for that user from those generated by the NMS. Consequently, the HEHSS recommends menus that consider nutritional balance and match the user’s taste preferences. Simulation results demonstrate that the HEHSS recommended menus that satisfied nutritional needs and learned a user’s taste preferences with greater than 80% accuracy when we focused on liked and disliked tastes after continuous use for a long period (approximately 2 months).
Discrete Morse Theory Based Dynamic P Systems
Authors: Xue Jie ,   Shandong Normal University East road of Wenhua, No.88, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China, Liu Xiyu , Sun Wenxing , Yan Shuo
Published: January 2018

This paper proposes a class of dynamic P systems with constraint of discrete Morse function (DMDP systems). Membrane structure is extended on complex. Rules control activities of membranes. New classes of rules and mechanism to change types of rules by discrete gradient vector field are provided as well.DMDP system extends P systems both in structures and rules. Solving air quality evaluation problem in linear time verifies the effectiveness ofDMDP systems. Since air quality evaluation problem has significance in many areas. The new P systems provide an alternative for traditional membrane computing.
Basic Study of the Influence of the Manner of Grasping, Number of Contacts, and Auditory Information on Recognition of Hardness of Objects by Visually Impaired Persons Using White Canes
Authors: Nunokawa Kiyohiko , Chikai Manabu , Doi Kouki , Ino Shuichi ,   Tokyo International University 2509 Matoba, Kawagoe, Saitama 350-1198, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 1-1-1 Central 6, Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan,   National Institute of Special Needs Education 5-1-1 Nobi, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8585, Japan
Published: January 2018

White canes are widely used as tools to assist visually impaired persons to walk. The white cane is used to acquire environmental information as a clue for walking. It is important to know what information can be acquired by using the cane, how accurate the acquired information is, and how we can improve the information and accuracy. Clarification of these questions would contribute to development of white canes that enable better acquisition of environmental information. It would also assist in the design of buildings with appropriate guidance for visually impaired persons on the basis of information acquired through the canes. In this study, in order to acquire basic knowledge about hardness recognition, experiments were performed using four conditions: 1) Tapping or pushing the object with the index finger tip and white cane tip, 2) use or non-use of the auditory sense to study its usefulness, 3) different ways of grasping the cane, and 4) different number of checks. Nine visually impaired persons who usually walked alone using white canes participated in the experiments. They estimated the hardness of a rubber sheet under various combinations of the operation conditions and hearing conditions. Results showed that the number of checks had little effect on the user’s estimation of the hardness of the sheet. For the recognition of the contact target hardness using the white cane, it was effective to simultaneously use information from different modalities, namely tactile and auditory information. We also observed that, when pushing the cane with the index fingers, the users could feel the objects as if they had directly touched them with the fingers.
Entropy Analysis on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets and its Applications in Mode Assessment on Open Communities
Authors: Tian Hang , Li Jiaru , Zhang Fangwei , Xu Yujuan , Cui Caihong , Deng Yajun , Xiao Shujun ,   College of Transport, Communications, Shanghai Maritime University 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China,   College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China,   Logistics Engineering College, Shanghai Maritime University 1550 Haigang Avenue, Shanghai 201306, China
Published: January 2018

This paper identifies four variables to reveal the internal mechanisms of the entropy measures on intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs). First, four variables are used to propose a pair of generalized entropy measures on IFSs and IVIFSs. Second, three specific entropy measures are put forward to illustrate the effectiveness of the generalized entropy measure functions. Third, a novel multiple attribute decision-making approach under an intuitionistic fuzzy environment is proposed. The superiority of the decision-making approach is that the weight values of the attributes are obtained by their related entropy measures. Finally, the performance of the proposed entropy regulations on IFSs and IVIFSs is illustrated through a mode assessment example on open communities.
Pengaruh Suhu Penyimpanan dan Jumlah Perforasi Kemasan Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik dan Kimia Brokoli (Brassica oleracea var. Royal G) Fresh-Cut
Authors: Asgar Ali
Published: January 2018

Fresh-cut adalah perlakuan dengan membuang bagian yang tidak dikonsumsi pada sayuran dan buah-buahan dengan dikupas, atau dipotong sehingga 100% produk dapat digunakan untuk kemudian dikemas dan didistribusikan kepada konsumen dalam kondisi nutrisi, flavor dan kesegaran yang masih terpelihara. Fresh-cut atau pengolahan minimal dalam bentuk potongan segar merupakan alternatif untuk mempercepat dan mempermudah proses pengolahan, meningkatkan keamanan dan kualitas, memperluas distribusi, dan mengurangi limbah sampah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan. Dalam mempertahankan mutu brokoli fresh-cut selama penyimpanan disarankan untuk menggunakan kemasan dan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suhu penyimpanan dan jumlah perforasi yang memberikan efek paling baik pada kualitas segar brokoli potongan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan April sampai Juli 2014 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hasil, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA) di Lembang. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah suhu penyimpanan, yaitu : 5ºC dan 10°C. Faktor kedua adalah jumlah perforasi, yaitu : 0,5% dan 1% dan tiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Hasil penelitian terpilih adalah perlakuan brokoli yang disimpan pada suhu 5oC dengan jumlah perforasi 0,5%. Jumlah lubang perforasi yang berlebihan  mengakibatkan kebusukan pada brokoli.
К проблеме характеризации логик васильевского типа: о табличности логик $I_{\langle x,y \rangle}$ ($x,y\in\{0,1,2,\dots\}$ и $x < y$). Часть II
Authors: Попов В. М.
Published: January 2018

В этой статье, продолжающей работу, проводимую в [1], изучается проблема табличности $I$-логик васильевского типа (пропозициональная логика называется табличной, если она имеет конечную характеристическую матрицу). Основной результат, полученный в данной статье: для всяких целых неотрицательных чисел $x$ и $ y$, первое из которых меньше второго, логика $I_{\langle x,y\rangle}$ таблична (класс всех таких логик является бесконечным подклассом класса всех$I$-логик васильевского типа). Предлагаемое исследование основано на использовании результатов, полученных в [1], и на применении авторской кортежной семантики. Для достижения указанного основного результата мы показываем, как по произвольным целым неотрицательным числам $m$ и $n$, удовлетворяющим неравенству $m < n$,строится логическая матрица $\mathfrak{M}(m, n)$, которая является конечной характеристической матрицей логики $I_{\langle x,y\rangle}$. Поскольку носитель логической матрицы $\mathfrak{M}(m, n)$ есть некоторое множество 0-1-кортежей, семантику, базирующуюся на этой логи- ческой матрице, естественно называть кортежной семантикой. Важное замечание: статья публикуется в два приема, что обусловлено исключительно внешними для данной статьи факторами. Перед вами вторая (заключительная) часть исследования, первая часть которого опубликована в первом номере «Логических исследований» за 2017 год.
DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-25-59
Неразрешимость модальных логик одноместного предиката
Authors: Рыбаков M. Н.
Published: January 2018

Рассматриваются модальные предикатные логики в языке, содержащем только одноместные предикатные буквы. Показано, что любая логика, содержащаяся в ${\bf QS5}, {\bf QGLLin}$ или ${\bf QGrz.3}$ является алгоритмически неразрешимой в языке с одной одноместной предикатной буквой (как при наличии, так и при отсутствии в логике формулы Баркан). Также показано, что логики конечных шкал Крипке (как с расширяющимися, так и с постоянными областями) для ${\bf QK}, {\bf QT}, {\bf QD}, {\bf QK4}, {\bf QS4}, {\bf QS5}, {\bf QGL}, {\bf QGrz}$ и многих других не являются рекурсивно перечислимыми в языке с одной одноместной предикатной буквой. Тем не менее табличные логики и логики шкал Крипке с ограничением на число миров, достижимых из произвольного мира, разрешимы в языке с бесконечным множеством одноместных предикатных букв.
DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-60-75
Potoses: Categorical Paraconsistent Universum for Paraconsistent Logic and Mathematics
Authors: Васюков В. Л.
Published: January 2018

It is well-known that the concept of da Costa algebra [3] reects most of the logical properties of paraconsistent propositional calculi $C_{n},1\leq n\leq \omega $ introduced by $N.C.A.$ da Costa. In [10] the construction of topos of functors from a small category to the category of sets was proposed which allows to yield the categorical semantics for da Costa's paraconsistent logic. Another categorical semantics for $C_{n}$ would be obtained by introducing the concept of $\textit{potos}$ { the categorical counterpart of da Costa algebra (the name "potos" is borrowed from W.Carnielli's story of the idea of such kind of categories)
DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-76-95
Дедуктивные логики и их связь с интуиционистской логикой
Authors: Горбунов И. А.
Published: January 2018

В работе вводится операция добавления следствий над теориями и рассматриваются некоторые ее свойства. Приводятся некоторые свойства дедуктивных логик. Доказано, что теории всякой дедуктивной логики замкнуты относительно правила modus ponens. Введено понятие минимальной дедуктивной логики. Основными результатами работы являются: критерий сильной дедуктивности множества формул и доказательство того факта, что множество тавтологий минимальной дедуктивной логики совпадает с конъюнктивно-импликативным фрагментом интуиционистской логики.
DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-9-24
Some Remarks on A. Tamminga’s Paper “Correspondence Analysis for Strong Three-valued Logic”
Authors: Шалак В. И.
Published: January 2018

In this note we present two remarks to the A. Tamminga’s paper. The first remark relates to incorrect Definition 1, and the second remark relates to the main theorem of the paper. We propose the necessary corrections.
DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-96-97
Контрфактуальное мышление
Authors: Карпенко А. С.
Published: January 2018

Контрфактуальное мышление есть мышление о прошлом, которое не произошло. Грамматическая форма контрфактуалов очень проста: если бы было A, то было бы C. Термин «контрфактуальный» означает «буквально противоположное фактам». Контрфактуальные рассуждения являются базовыми для человеческого мышления и встречаются повсеместно. Принципы контрфактуального мышления и его результаты проявляются в настоящее время в самых различных дисциплинах: логика, философия, психология, когнитивные процессы, социология, экономика, история, политические науки и т. д. Главная особенность контрфактуалов заключается в том, что они являются ментальными имитациями различных вариантов того, что могло бы произойти в прошлом. Установлено, что две уникальные человеческие характеристики — контрфактуальное мышление (представление альтернатив прошлому) и фундаментальное стремление создавать смыслы в жизни — причинно взаимосвязаны. Постепенно пришло понимание того, что мы имеем дело с феноменом исключительной важности. DOI: 10.21146/2074-1472-2017-23-2-98-122
Estudio psicométrico de una escala de actitud frente al VIH-sida en estudiantes de psicología de dos escuelas colombianas
Authors: Pineda-Roa Carlos Alejandro , Campo-Arias Adalberto
Published: January 2018

El creciente conocimiento sobre la prevención de la infección por el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH-sida) no ha cambiado sustancialmente las actitudes frente al VIH-sida. Se diseñó el cuestionario VIH/SIDA-65 para cuantificar conocimiento y actitudes frente a la infección. Recientemente no se ha revisado el desempeño psicométrico de este instrumento. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el desempeño de las dimensiones que cuantifican actitudes frente a VIH-sida. Se diseñó un estudio de validación en el que participaron 190 estudiantes de psicología de dos escuelas colombianas. Las edades se observaron entre 18 y 30 años, media=21,7 (DE=3,1); 72,1% mujeres y 27,9% hombres. Los estudiantes completaron los 25 ítems de las dimensiones de actitudes del VIH-SIDA-65 (actitudes positivas, actitudes negativas, actitud frente al preservativo, susceptibilidad y auto eficacia). El desempeño psicométrico se evaluó mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y confirmatorio (AFC), análisis paralelo (ANP), y consistencia interna. El AFE, AFC y ANP mostró una deficiente dimensionalidad. La consistencia interna fueron muy bajas (Cronbach y McDonald<0,70) para actitudes negativas, actitud frente al preservativo y susceptibilidad y excesivamente alta (Cronbach y McDonald>0,95) para actitudes positivas y autoeficacia. Se concluye que en estudiantes de psicología las dimensiones de actitudes del VIH-SIDA-65 se desempeñan inadecuadamente.
Análisis y perspectivas para gestionar el turismo biocultural: una opción para conservar el ecosistema forestal de Temascaltepec
Authors: Jasso Arriaga Xochitl
Published: January 2018

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue el análisis transdisciplinario de la viabilidad del turismo biocultural como alternativa para la conservación de la biodiversidad y el bienestar local. Se registró la riqueza natural, cultural y actividades productivas de Temascaltepec. Se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales y la prueba t de student para variables culturales-demográficas. Se calculó la citación de frecuencia relativa, la ponderación de 19 actividades productivas y el índice de especialización económica. Once pueblos se diferenciaron por poseer diversidad cultural. En cuanto a la riqueza natural, investigaciones han registrado 178 especies de aves, 43 especies de hongos comestibles y 45 especies de orquídeas. Se registraron 15 fiestas patronales y 25 productos cultivados y silvestres que forman parte de la dieta local. Se evidenció la ponderación de avena, aguacate y durazno, así como la cría de bovino, ovino, equino y la extracción de coníferas. El modelo de turismo biocultural debe consistir en la interacción de hechos socializados y el reconocimiento de la otredad en hábitats conservados para la recreación de los sentidos a partir de la observación de paisajes naturales, obras históricas (templos, minas, esculturas prehispánicas), aves, flora y hongos comestibles. Se concluye que el turismo biocultural debe ser planeado bajo la transdisciplina para que sea una alternativa de desarrollo; además, su gestación debe incluir métodos y técnicas ecológicas para la proyección de senderos y rutas integrando actividades productivas locales, fiestas religiosas, recursos naturales y culturales.
The Knox Court: Exposition Unnecessary
Authors: Fricke Graham
Published: January 2018

Knox has generally been regarded as a disappointing Chief Justice; his high distinction at the Bar was not matched by his achievements as a judge. His undoubted skills as a lawyer were overbalanced by the distractions of interests outside the law.

Australia’s second chief justice has generally received a bad press. Perhaps this is due in part to the circumstances of his departure, which did nothing to enhance the prestige of the office. But it may be worthwhile to revisit the decade of his stewardship, for it marks the commencement of a centralist approach to the interpretation of our Constitution. It may also be fruitful to examine the extent to which the justices under his leadership collaborated in preparing their judgments, for that question has a contemporary relevance.
Resurrecting Mrs Salomon
Authors: Spender Peta
Published: January 2018

It was never intended that the company to be constituted should consist of one substantial person and six mere dummies.

The robust affirmation of separate corporate personality by the House of Lords in Salomon is in sharp contrast to the fragile legal personality possessed by Mrs Salomon in 1897. In corporate law discourse Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd is portrayed as the first case about the “one person company”. The case has given rise to considerable debate about the recognition of corporate personality where the corporation is the alter ego of a human person. In fact the portrayal of A. Salomon & Co Ltd as the alter ego of Aron Salomon is misleading because the company was a family company. The subscribers to the memorandum, described by Lopes LJ in the above quote as “six mere dummies” were Aron Salomon's wife and five children who were active participants in the company.
Living on the Edge: Utopia University Ltd
Authors: Corcoran Suzanne
Published: January 2018

[R]aces condemned to one hundred years of solitude did not have a second opportunity on earth.

This article considers the impact of the doctrine of legal personality as enunciated in the classic corporate law case, Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd, on our theories concerning the role of the membership within a corporation, in particular the role of the membership within a university corporation.

Universities live on the edge of corporate law. Although it has been one hundred years since the judgment in Salomon's case, the ground rules of university governance were established well before that judgment. Furthermore, Salomon's case involved a one-man company organised under the Companies Act 1862 (UK) and universities are not typically organised under business incorporation statutes. Nevertheless, Salomon's case has had a dramatic effect on the way we view the constitutional structure of all corporations, including university corporations.
The Dual View Theory of the Corporation and the Aboriginal Corporation
Authors: Mantziaris Christos
Published: January 2018

This article advances a new legal theory of the corporation—the “dual view” theory of the corporation. The theory states that the corporation must be explained in two different ways. First, the corporation must be explained internally to the law, as a legal category which acts as a trigger for the application of a set of legal rules. This “inner view” of the corporation says much about the function of the category within the legal system, but very little about why this category was designed to operate in this way. The inner view cannot explain the functions fulfilled by the category in the external world. To gain knowledge of the latter, one must adopt a second view-point, the “outer view”. The corporation must be explained as a legal artefact which facilitates the coordination of social action, whether this be in the economic system, the political system or indeed smaller systems of interaction such as the family.
Parliamentary Privilege and Admissibility of Evidence
Authors: Campbell Enid
Published: January 2018

Courts have recognised that the circumstances in which they may receive and make use of evidence of parliamentary proceedings are restricted. The restrictions have been held to be required by Article 9 of the English Bill of Rights 1689. This Article is part of the law of all the Australian polities and it gives expression to one of the most important privileges of parliaments. Article 9 provides

That the freedom of speech and debates or proceedings in parliament ought not to be impeached or questioned in any court or place out of parliament.

In Prebble v New Zealand Television Ltd the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, on appeal from New Zealand, held that Article 9 does more than accord to participants in parliamentary proceedings an immunity from liability for statements made by them in the course of those proceedings. It means also “that parties to litigation, by whomsoever commenced, cannot bring into question anything said or done in the House by suggesting (whether by direct evidence, cross examination, inference or submission) that the action or words were inspired by improper motives or were untrue or misleading”.