bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary Cortisol as a Biomarker of Stress in Mothers and their Low Birth Weight Infants and Sample Collecting Challenges
Authors: Janevski Milica Ranković , Vujičić Ana Đorđević , Đukić Svjetlana Maglajić
Published: October 2015

Background: Salivary cortisol measurement is a non-invasive method suitable for use in neonatal research. Mother-infant separation after birth represents stress and skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has numerous benefits. The aim of the study was to measure salivary cortisol in mothers and newborns before and after SSC in order to assess the effect of SSC on mothers’ and infants’ stress and to estimate the efficacy of collecting small saliva samples in newborns.

Methods: Salivary cortisol was measured in 35 mother-infant pairs before and after the first and the fifth SSC in small saliva samples (50 μL) using the high sensitivity Quantitative ELISA-Kit (0.0828 nmol/L) for low cortisol levels detection. Samples were collected with eye sponge during 3 to 5 minutes.

Results: Cortisol level in mothers decreased after SSC: the highest levels were measured before and the lowest after SSC and the differences in values were significant during both the first (p<0.001) and the fifth SSC (p<0.001). During the first SSC the cortisol level decrease was detected in 14 (40%) and an increase in 21 (60%) newborns, and during the fifth SSC a decrease was detected in 16 (45.7%) and an increase in 19 (54.3%) newborns, without confirmed significance of the difference. Saliva sampling efficacy using eye sponge was 75%.

Conclusions: Cortisol level decrease in mothers proves the stress reduction during SSC, while variable cortisol levels in infants do not indicate stress reduction and imply the need for further research. The used sampling method appeared to be one of the most optimal considering the sample volume, sampling time and efficacy.
Silencing of LncRNA HULC Enhances Chemotherapy Induced Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Yifei , Song Xiaojing , Wang Xixun , Hu Jinchen , Jiang Lixin
Published: October 2015

Background:Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers in the world; however, chemoresistance greatly decreases the efficacy of therapy in gastric cancer. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in a variety of biological processes, and we hypothesize that lncRNA HULC regulates the multidrug resistance in GC treatment.

Methods:We obtained GC tissue samples from 42 GC patients and detected the expression level of HULC in the plasma and tissues via qRT-PCR. The relationship between HULC expression and survival rate was confirmed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. We verified the expression of HULC in GC cell lines via qRT-PCR, and the function of HULC was detected via flow cytometry assay and CCK-8 assay.

Results:HULC was highly expressed in the plasma and tissues of the GC patients compared with controls, with HULC high expression indicating lower survival rate. HULC knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis in GC cells.

Conclusions:Our results suggest that silencing lncRNA HULC could enhance chemotherapy induced apoptosis in GC cells, which could provide a novel approach for therapeutic strategies.
The Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (Dab) Framework for Profiling Learners’ Sustainability Competencies in Higher Education
Authors: Besong Frida , Holland Charlotte
Published: October 2015

The concepts of sustainability and sustainability competence are controversial, complex, difficult to define and measure, and have varied meanings for different people and practices. Given the complex nature of sustainability, there is limited availability of paradigmatic frameworks to guide educators in assessing sustainability competencies. This paper introduces the Dispositions, Abilities and Behaviours (DAB) framework, which influenced the design of an intervention in 2013-2014 that profiled sustainability competencies among final year undergraduate students in a higher education institution. The results of the mixed methods study indicate that the DAB framework has good potential as a guide to educators or researchers in understanding and profiling sustainability- related abilities, attitudes and actions (areas of performance) of cohorts of students within higher education settings.
Communication Skills Training in Trainee Primary School Teachers in Spain
Authors: Gallego Ortega José Luis , Fuentes Antonio Rodríguez
Published: October 2015

Research on teacher training often focuses on learners’ perceptions of that training. The focus of this paper, which uses a research-to-practice approach, is instead on the views of the trainers. It evaluates the perceptions of university lecturers teaching classes as part of primary teachers’ training degrees and assesses their views of the communication skills developed by their students to be used in their future careers. The study uses a 17-item ad-hoc questionnaire, completed by 152 lecturers from the University of Granada. Descriptive and inferential analyses are then carried out on the data collected using SPSS. The analysis results show how important lecturers believe it is for trainee teachers to develop communication skills, which they often lack. Although lecturers believe communication skills are very important, they also think that they are not developed as much as they should be in their classes, so trainee teachers cannot communicate as effectively as they should.
How Children can Support Their Learning to Write and Read by Computer in the Early Years of School
Authors: Nurmilaakso Marja
Published: October 2015

Over the last decades the nature and form of what children can choose to read has changed radically, partly as a consequence of rapid technological advances and the increasing dominance of the image. The research questions were: 1) How do children learn to read and write by computer? 2) How can one support children’s learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school? and 3) How can we support learning during the transition from pre-school to primary school in the future? This work is based on a questionnaire that was sent to kindergarten and primary school teachers in the Helsinki area. Only 27 teachers in the pre-school or primary school answered the questionnaire. Following this, the questionnaire was also sent to kindergarten and primary school student teachers. The results show that that it is easy for children to acquaint themselves with the computer keyboard and that children actually enjoy playing by writing on computer. The respondents said that children must, at first, train to write by hand, then by computer.
First-principles study of atomic structure and electronic properties of Si and F doped anatase TiO2
Authors: Li Hongping , Chen Lin , Liu Shuai , Li Changsheng , Meng Jian , Wang Zhongchang
Published: October 2015

Chemical doping represents one of the most effective ways in engineering electronic structures of anatase TiO2 for practical applications. Here, we investigate formation energies, geometrical structures, and electronic properties of Si-, F-doped and Si/F co-doped anatase TiO2 by using spin-polarized density functional theory calculation. We find that the co-doped TiO2 is thermodynamically more favorable than the Si- and F-doped TiO2- Structural analysis shows that atomic impurity varies crystal constants slightly. Moreover, all the three doped systems show a pronounced narrowing of band gap by 0.33 eV for the F-doped TiO2, 0.17 eV for the Si-doped TiO2, and 0.28 eV for the Si/F-co-doped TiO2, which could account for the experimentally observed redshift of optical absorption edge. Our calculations suggest that the Si/F-co-doping represents an effective way in tailoring electronic structure and optical properties of anatase TiO2.
Limitations of Extreme Nonlinear Ultrafast Nanophotonics
Authors: Kern Christian , Zürch Michael , Spielmann Christian
Published: October 2015

High-harmonic generation (HHG) has been established as an indispensable tool in optical spectroscopy. This effect arises for instance upon illumination of a noble gas with sub-picosecond laser pulses at focussed intensities significantly greater than 1012W/cm2. HHG provides a coherent light source in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral region, which is of importance in inner shell photo ionization of many atoms and molecules. Additionally, it intrinsically features light fields with unique temporal properties. Even in its simplest realization, XUV bursts of sub-femtosecond pulse lengths are released. More sophisticated schemes open the path to attosecond physics by offering single pulses of less than 100 attoseconds duration.

Resonant optical antennas are important tools for coupling and enhancing electromagnetic fields on scales below their free-space wavelength. In a special application, placing field-enhancing plasmonic nano antennas at the interaction site of an HHG experiment has been claimed to boost local laser field strengths, from insufficient initial intensities to sufficient values. This was achieved with the use of arrays of bow-tie-shaped antennas of ∼ 100nm in length. However, the feasibility of this concept depends on the vulnerability of these nano-antennas to the still intense driving laser light.We show, by looking at a set of exemplary metallic structures, that the threshold fluence Fth of laser-induced damage (LID) is a greatly limiting factor for the proposed and tested schemes along these lines.We present our findings in the context of work done by other groups, giving an assessment of the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Crystal structure of bis(ethyltriphenylphos-phonium) tetrabromidocobaltate(II), C40H40Br4CoP2
Authors: Hosten Eric C. , Schalekamp Henk , Betz Richard
Published: October 2015

C40H40Br4CoP2, monoclinic, Cc (no. 9), a = 12.2640(7) Å, b = 21.131(1) Å, c = 16.432(1) Å, β = 111.029(2)°, V = 3974.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0346, wRref(F2) = 0.0772, T = 200 K.
Local Factors Influencing The Increase In Development Activity In Selected Cities Of Poland
Authors: Antczak-Stępniak Agata
Published: October 2015

Development activity in Poland began to increase in the 1990's as a result of market-oriented reforms, with the process continuing to this day. The beginnings were, however, not easy due to, among others, the absence of many important legal regulations and the lack of commercial financing. The situation changed in the second half of the 1990's, positively affecting residential development activity. The years 2008 - 2009 were particularly relevant in the course of the studied trend as a sharp increase in the number of completed developer-built residential dwelling units was recorded at this time. After this period, a decline in the number of dwelling units completed by developers was recorded, which indicates its strong dependence on changes in the economic environment. Fluctuations in the number of dwelling units completed by developers were also visible before Poland's accession to the European Union. This means that the diversity of development activity is influenced by many factors.

The available literature generally states that the growth of the real estate market depends on demand. Effective demand for real estate is understood as the number of people who are willing and financially able to buy or rent a particular kind of property at different prices, at a given time and in a given market. Therefore, it can be assumed that local factors have a particular impact on the growth of development activity. However, the question arises as to which of the many local factors are important to the growth of development activity and what factors can be used by local authorities to more effectively stimulate the growth of residential housing in their area.

The aim of the paper is to determine by means of econometric instruments the significance of the impact of individual local factors on development activity in the residential housing market in the largest cities of Poland.
Synthesis of some novel 6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4′-bipyridine-3′-carbonitriles: assessment of their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Hussein Essam M. , Al-Shareef Hossa F. , Aboellil Amany H. , Elhady Heba A.
Published: October 2015

A series of novel substituted 6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,4′-bipyridine-3′-carbonitriles with incorporated pyrazole and/or triazole moieties have been synthesized using 2-(6′-(4-chlorophenyl)-3′-cyano-3,4′-bipyridin-2′-yloxy)acetohydrazide (3) as starting material. Also, the key intermediate 3 reacted with aromatic aldehydes and tosyl chloride to give the corresponding Schiff bases and tosyl hydrazide derivatives, respectively. The antimicrobial of these newly synthesized compounds was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive bacteria and Trichoderma viride as a fungus; some of these compounds such as 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and 14 showed excellent activities as antimicrobial agents. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the most active compounds was assessed in vitro against human tumor liver cancer cell line (HEPG2); compounds 8, 10, 13a, and 14 showed potent activities relative to Doxorubicin which was used as a reference standard drug in this study.
4,15-Diamino[2.2]paracyclophane as a useful precursor for the synthesis of novelpseudo-geminal [2.2]paracyclophane compounds
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Mourad Aboul-Fetouh E. , Hassan Alaa A.
Published: October 2015

New reactions of 4,15-diamino[2.2]paracyclophane (1) are described. When1is reacted with acetyl, benzoyl, or phthaloyl chloride, respectively, the amides2,6,7, and9are formed; the latter suffers loss of H2O to give the product8. Bromination of2yields thepseudo-geminally substituted derivative3exclusively; the formation of its expected regioisomer4is not observed. Heating of2with POCl3in ethanol furnishes the triply-bridged cyclophane5. Condensation of1with some selected carbonyl compounds (phthalaldehyde, formic acid, cyclohexane-1,3-dione, and terephthalaldehyde) provides the products17–20. Thiourea and isothiocyanate derivatives21and22were obtained on heating1in CS2. The structures of the products were assigned on the basis of their spectroscopic and analytical data. Rationalizations for the formation of3,5,6, and17are presented.
Induction of Anti-Hebbian LTP in CA1 Stratum Oriens Interneurons: Interactions between Group I Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and M1 Muscarinic Receptors
Authors: Le Duigou Caroline , Savary Etienne , Kullmann Dimitri M. , Miles Richard
Published: October 2015

An anti-Hebbian form of LTP is observed at excitatory synapses made with some hippocampal interneurons. LTP induction is facilitated when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, presumably because Ca2+entry through Ca2+-permeable glutamate receptors is enhanced. The contribution of modulatory transmitters to anti-Hebbian LTP induction remains to be established. Activation of group I metabotropic receptors (mGluRs) is required for anti-Hebbian LTP induction in interneurons with cell bodies in the CA1 stratum oriens. This region receives a strong cholinergic innervation from the septum, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) share some signaling pathways and cooperate with mGluRs in the control of neuronal excitability.

We therefore examined possible interactions between group I mGluRs and mAChRs in anti-Hebbian LTP at synapses which excite oriens interneurons in rat brain slices. We found that blockade of either group I mGluRs or M1 mAChRs prevented the induction of anti-Hebbian LTP by pairing presynaptic activity with postsynaptic hyperpolarization. Blocking either receptor also suppressed long-term effects of activation of the other G-protein coupled receptor on interneuron membrane potential. However, no crossed blockade was detected for mGluR or mAchR effects on interneuron after-burst potentials or on the frequency of miniature EPSPs. Paired recordings between pyramidal neurons and oriens interneurons were obtained to determine whether LTP could be induced without concurrent stimulation of cholinergic axons. Exogenous activation of mAChRs led to LTP, with changes in EPSP amplitude distributions consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression. LTP, however, required noninvasive presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn the hippocampus, a form of NMDA receptor-independent long-term potentiation (LTP) occurs at excitatory synapses made on some inhibitory neurons. This is preferentially induced when postsynaptic interneurons are hyperpolarized, depends on Ca2+entry through Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors, and has been labeled anti-Hebbian LTP. Here we show that this form of LTP also depends on activation of both group I mGluR and M1 mAChRs. We demonstrate that these G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) interact, because the blockade of one receptor suppresses long-term effects of activation of the other GPCR on both LTP and interneuron membrane potential. This LTP was also detected in paired recordings, although only when both presynaptic and postsynaptic recordings did not perturb the intracellular medium. Changes in EPSP amplitude distributions in dual recordings were consistent with a presynaptic locus of expression.
Tonic Inhibitory Control of Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells by α5-Containing GABAAReceptors Reduces Memory Interference
Authors: Engin Elif , Zarnowska Ewa D. , Benke Dietmar , Tsvetkov Evgeny , Sigal Maksim , Keist Ruth , Bolshakov Vadim Y. , Pearce Robert A. , Rudolph Uwe
Published: October 2015

Interference between similar or overlapping memories formed at different times poses an important challenge on the hippocampal declarative memory system. Difficulties in managing interference are at the core of disabling cognitive deficits in neuropsychiatric disorders. Computational models have suggested that, in the normal brain, the sparse activation of the dentate gyrus granule cells maintained by tonic inhibitory control enables pattern separation, an orthogonalization process that allows distinct representations of memories despite interference. To test this mechanistic hypothesis, we generated mice with significantly reduced expression of the α5-containing GABAA(α5-GABAARs) receptors selectively in the granule cells of the dentate gyrus (α5DGKO mice). α5DGKO mice had reduced tonic inhibition of the granule cells without any change in fast phasic inhibition and showed increased activation in the dentate gyrus when presented with novel stimuli. α5DGKO mice showed impairments in cognitive tasks characterized by high interference, without any deficiencies in low-interference tasks, suggesting specific impairment of pattern separation. Reduction of fast phasic inhibition in the dentate gyrus through granule cell-selective knock-out of α2-GABAARs or the knock-out of the α5-GABAARs in the downstream CA3 area did not detract from pattern separation abilities, which confirms the anatomical and molecular specificity of the findings. In addition to lending empirical support to computational hypotheses, our findings have implications for the treatment of interference-related cognitive symptoms in neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly considering the availability of pharmacological agents selectively targeting α5-GABAARs.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTInterference between similar memories poses a significant limitation on the hippocampal declarative memory system, and impaired interference management is a cognitive symptom in many disorders. Thus, understanding mechanisms of successful interference management or processes that can lead to interference-related memory problems has high theoretical and translational importance. This study provides empirical evidence that tonic inhibition in the dentate gyrus (DG), which maintains sparseness of neuronal activation in the DG, is essential for management of interference. The specificity of findings to tonic, but not faster, more transient types of neuronal inhibition and to the DG, but not the neighboring brain areas, is presented through control experiments. Thus, the findings link interference management to a specific mechanism, proposed previously by computational models.
Primary Cilia on Horizontal Basal Cells Regulate Regeneration of the Olfactory Epithelium
Authors: Joiner Ariell M. , Green Warren W. , McIntyre Jeremy C. , Allen Benjamin L. , Schwob James E. , Martens Jeffrey R.
Published: October 2015

The olfactory epithelium (OE) is one of the few tissues to undergo constitutive neurogenesis throughout the mammalian lifespan. It is composed of multiple cell types including olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) that are readily replaced by two populations of basal stem cells, frequently dividing globose basal cells and quiescent horizontal basal cells (HBCs). However, the precise mechanisms by which these cells mediate OE regeneration are unclear. Here, we show for the first time that the HBC subpopulation of basal stem cells uniquely possesses primary cilia that are aligned in an apical orientation in direct apposition to sustentacular cell end feet. The positioning of these cilia suggests that they function in the detection of growth signals and/or differentiation cues. To test this idea, we generated an inducible, cell type-specificIft88knock-out mouse line (K5rtTA;tetOCre;Ift88fl/fl) to disrupt cilia formation and maintenance specifically in HBCs. Surprisingly, the loss of HBC cilia did not affect the maintenance of the adult OE but dramatically impaired the regeneration of OSNs following lesion. Furthermore, the loss of cilia during development resulted in a region-specific decrease in neurogenesis, implicating HBCs in the establishment of the OE. Together, these results suggest a novel role for primary cilia in HBC activation, proliferation, and differentiation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe show for the first time the presence of primary cilia on a quiescent population of basal stem cells, the horizontal basal cells (HBCs), in the olfactory epithelium (OE). Importantly, our data demonstrate that cilia on HBCs are necessary for regeneration of the OE following injury. Moreover, the disruption of HBC cilia alters neurogenesis during the development of the OE, providing evidence that HBCs participate in the establishment of this tissue. These data suggest that the mechanisms of penetrance for ciliopathies in the OE extend beyond that of defects in olfactory sensory neurons and may include alterations in OE maintenance and regeneration.
Morphological Abnormalities of Thalamic Subnuclei in Migraine: A Multicenter MRI Study at 3 Tesla
Authors: Magon Stefano , May Arne , Stankewitz Anne , Goadsby Peter J. , Tso Amy R. , Ashina Messoud , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Seifert Christian L. , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Müller Jannis , Sprenger Till
Published: October 2015

The thalamus contains third-order relay neurons of the trigeminal system, and animal models as well as preliminary imaging studies in small cohorts of migraine patients have suggested a role of the thalamus in headache pathophysiology. However, larger studies using advanced imaging techniques in substantial patient populations are lacking. In the present study, we investigated changes of thalamic volume and shape in a large multicenter cohort of patients with migraine. High-resolution T1-weighted MRI data acquired at 3 tesla in 131 patients with migraine (38 with aura; 30.8 ± 9 years old; 109 women; monthly attack frequency: 3.2 ± 2.5; disease duration: 14 ± 8.4 years) and 115 matched healthy subjects (29 ± 7 years old; 81 women) from four international tertiary headache centers were analyzed. The thalamus and thalamic subnuclei, striatum, and globus pallidus were segmented using a fully automated multiatlas approach. Deformation-based shape analysis was performed to localize surface abnormalities. Differences between patients with migraine and healthy subjects were assessed using an ANCOVA model. After correction for multiple comparisons, performed using the false discovery rate approach (p< 0.05 corrected), significant volume reductions of the following thalamic nuclei were observed in migraineurs: central nuclear complex (F(1,233)= 6.79), anterior nucleus (F(1,237)= 7.38), and lateral dorsal nucleus (F(1,238)= 6.79). Moreover, reduced striatal volume (F(1,238)= 6.9) was observed in patients. This large-scale study indicates structural thalamic abnormalities in patients with migraine. The thalamic nuclei with abnormal volumes are densely connected to the limbic system. The data hence lend support to the view that higher-order integration systems are altered in migraine.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis multicenter imaging study shows morphological thalamic abnormalities in a large cohort of patients with episodic migraine compared with healthy subjects using state-of-the-art MRI and advanced, fully automated multiatlas segmentation techniques. The results stress that migraine is a disorder of the CNS in which not only is brain function abnormal, but also brain structure is undergoing significant remodeling.
Giant myelolipomas and inadvertent bilateral adrenalectomy in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Kale Geetanjali , Pelley Elaine M , Davis Dawn Belt
Published: October 2015

Myelolipomas have been reported in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). ACTH excess, as seen with non-adherence to glucocorticoid therapy, may be responsible for tumor development. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with classic salt-wasting CAH managed on prednisone 7.5 mg daily and fludrocortisone who presented with chronic back pain and was found to have giant bilateral retroperitoneal masses. On computed tomography (CT) imaging, the masses were heterogeneous, but contained predominantly low-density fat attenuation. The tumors were resected due to concern for malignancy and mass symptoms. Pathologic examination identified both retroperitoneal masses as myelolipomas. The left tumor was 34×20×13 cm and weighed 4.7 kg and the right tumor was 20 cm in the largest dimension. Adrenal tissue was present in the specimen. The patient reported long-term compliance with glucocorticoid treatment. However, no biochemical monitoring of ACTH levels had occurred. Therefore, it is unclear if ACTH excess contributed to the development of these large tumors in this patient. It was presumed that both adrenal glands were inadvertently removed during surgery and the patient was treated with physiologic replacement doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone postoperatively. In this case, the bilateral adrenalectomy was inadvertent. However, adrenalectomy can be considered as a treatment option in patients with classical CAH under certain circumstances to avoid complications of glucocorticoid excess.

Learning points

Myelolipomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adrenal or retroperitoneal masses in patients with CAH.

On CT imaging, myelolipomas are seen as heterogeneous masses with low-density mature fat interspersed with more dense myeloid tissue.

Myelolipomas are usually unilateral and measure <4 cm; however, very large and bilateral tumors have been reported.

Treatment of CAH typically involves using supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoid to suppress adrenal hyperandrogenism. Bilateral adrenalectomy is an alternative treatment option in patients with CAH.

There is an association between ACTH excess and increased incidence of adrenal myelolipoma but the direct causal link remains to be established.
Transmission, Development, and Plasticity of Synapses
Authors: Harris Kathryn P , Littleton J Troy
Published: October 2015

Chemical synapses are sites of contact and information transfer between a neuron and its partner cell. Each synapse is a specialized junction, where the presynaptic cell assembles machinery for the release of neurotransmitter, and the postsynaptic cell assembles components to receive and integrate this signal. Synapses also exhibit plasticity, during which synaptic function and/or structure are modified in response to activity. With a robust panel of genetic, imaging, and electrophysiology approaches, and strong evolutionary conservation of molecular components, Drosophila has emerged as an essential model system for investigating the mechanisms underlying synaptic assembly, function, and plasticity. We will discuss techniques for studying synapses in Drosophila, with a focus on the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a well-established model glutamatergic synapse. Vesicle fusion, which underlies synaptic release of neurotransmitters, has been well characterized at this synapse. In addition, studies of synaptic assembly and organization of active zones and postsynaptic densities have revealed pathways that coordinate those events across the synaptic cleft. We will also review modes of synaptic growth and plasticity at the fly NMJ, and discuss how pre- and postsynaptic cells communicate to regulate plasticity in response to activity.
Fitness Assays Reveal Incomplete Functional Redundancy of the HoxA1 and HoxB1 Paralogs of Mice
Authors: Ruff James S , Saffarini Raed B , Ramoz Leda L , Morrison Linda C , Baker Shambralyn , Laverty Sean M , Tvrdik Petr , Potts Wayne K
Published: October 2015

Gene targeting techniques have led to the phenotypic characterization of numerous genes; however, many genes show minimal to no phenotypic consequences when disrupted, despite many having highly conserved sequences. The standard explanation for these findings is functional redundancy. A competing hypothesis is that these genes have important ecological functions in natural environments that are not needed under laboratory settings. Here we discriminate between these hypotheses by competing mice (Mus musculus) whose Hoxb1 gene has been replaced by Hoxa1, its highly conserved paralog, against matched wild-type controls in seminatural enclosures. This Hoxb1A1 swap was reported as a genetic manipulation resulting in no discernible embryonic or physiological phenotype under standard laboratory tests. We observed a transient decline in first litter size for Hoxb1A1 homozygous mice in breeding cages, but their fitness was consistently and more dramatically reduced when competing against controls within seminatural populations. Specifically, males homozygous for the Hoxb1A1 swap acquired 10.6% fewer territories and the frequency of the Hoxb1A1 allele decreased from 0.500 in population founders to 0.419 in their offspring. The decrease in Hoxb1A1 frequency corresponded with a deficiency of both Hoxb1A1 homozygous and heterozygous offspring. These data suggest that Hoxb1 and Hoxa1 are more phenotypically divergent than previously reported and support that sub- and/or neofunctionalization has occurred in these paralogous genes leading to a divergence of gene function and incomplete redundancy. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of obtaining fitness measures of mutants in ecologically relevant conditions to better understand gene function and evolution.
RECOGNITION & ROOTS
Authors: Mutsaers Lutgard
Published: October 2015

This article sheds some light on three genres of music with mainly non-Asian roots: krontjong, Hawaiian and Indorock. The first two were particularly popular in Indonesia in the years before (and immediately following) independence. Migrants from the newly independent Indonesia, or 'repatriants' as they were called in the 1950s, brought these styles with them to the Netherlands as part of their cultural heritage. The third style - lndorock - was created in the Netherlands by former inhabitants of the Indonesian archipelago. All three are still being practiced in the Netherlands, all three sound familiar to western ears and have a certain eastern flavour.
DIRECTIONS IN POPULAR MUSIC STUDIES
Authors: Johnson Bruce
Published: October 2015

review essay focusing on Charles Keil & Steven Feld (1994) Music Grooves: Essays and Dialogues , Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ORIENTAL EXOTICISM IN 1920s AUSTRALIAN POPULAR MUSIC
Authors: Scott-Maxwell Aline
Published: October 2015

Aline Scott-Maxwell provides a thorough account of 1920s musical exotica in Australia. Her.study centres on published sheet music and examines the cultural perceptions and stereotypes which informed a large and popular body of work during the period. Her article complements the associated rise in popularity of Hawaiian music analysed by Coyle, J and Coyle, R in v2n2.
GUITARS HAVE COME!
Authors: Tai Ryuichi
Published: October 2015

Ryilichi Tai 's article traces the development and acceptance of new styles in musical performance on Choiseul (Lauru) Island and developments in local music and dance from the 1900s,to present times
SOLIDARITY AND SEDITION Walker, C (1997) Stranded: the secret history of Australian independent music 1977-1991, Sydney: Pan Macmillan
Authors: Homan Shane
Published: October 2015

extended review
Fuzzy Local Trend Transform based Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting Model
Authors: Dan Jingpei , Dong Fangyan , Hirota Kaoru
Published: October 2015

A fuzzy local trend transform based fuzzy time series forecasting model is proposed to improve practicability and forecast accuracy by providing forecast of local trend variation based on the linguistic representation of ratios between any two consecutive points in original time series. Local trend variation satisfies a wide range of real applications for the forecast, the practicability is thereby improved. Specific values based on the forecasted local trend variations that reflect fluctuations in historical data are calculated accordingly to enhance the forecast accuracy. Compared with conventional models, the proposed model is validated by about 50% and 60% average improvement in terms of MLTE (mean local trend error) and RMSE (root mean squared error), respectively, for three typical forecasting applications. The MLTE results indicate that the proposed model outperforms conventional models significantly in reflecting fluctuations in historical data, and the improved RMSE results confirm an inherent enhancement of reflection of fluctuations in historical data and hence a better forecast accuracy. The potential applications of the proposed fuzzy local trend transform include time series clustering, classification, and indexing.
DISPOSITIVO DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO E PRODUÇÃO DO SUJEITO HOMO EXPERIMENTALIS EM UM CURRÍCULO DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Cardoso Lívia de Rezende , Paraíso Marlucy Alves
Published: October 2015

RESUMO: Em noticiários, cinemas, desenhos, sites de relacionamentos, editais de financiamento, podemos encontrar a experimentação científica sendo discursivamente construída. Neste artigo, ela é analisada como um dispositivo que, em dado momento histórico, respondeu à urgência de se definir o que conta como ciência moderna ou não; o que é possível de ser comprovado teórico-experimentalmente. Além disso, esse dispositivo produziu um sujeito específico da ciência, que ganha certos contornos nas aulas de ciências. Argumentamos, aqui, que no discurso do ensino por experimentação aciona-se um conjunto de práticas e de técnicas para fazer aprender diferente e, assim, produzir o Homo experimentalis. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo em aulas de ciências de uma escola pública de Belo Horizonte durante um ano. Usando ferramentas conceituais foucaultianas, pudemos encontrar demandas ao sujeito desse dispositivo: aquele que duvida, que precisa observar, registrar, testar, teorizar, desqualificar e criticar para alcançar uma autoridade por meio do método científico.
O LIVRO DIDÁTICO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO E A FORMAÇÃO DE LEITORES
Authors: Neitzel Adair de Aguiar , Carvalho Carla , Henrique Fabiana
Published: October 2015

RESUMO:O objetivo deste artigo é investigar como o livro didático aborda o texto literário, visando identificar a concepção de literatura que permeia as atividades organizadas no livro e os gêneros textuais que são mais privilegiados. Este artigo apresenta a análise de cinco livros indicados pelo PNLD/2010 para os alunos que estão no primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental, alunos de 6 anos. Adotaram-se como procedimentos metodológicos: a) construção de um roteiro de análise que especificasse os aspectos físicos e organizacionais dos livros; b) adaptação da tabela construída por Kaufman e Rodríguez (1995) para identificar os gêneros textuais selecionados pelos livros didáticos. Dos cinco livros analisados, dois deles mantêm uma preocupação explícita com a formação de leitores, respeitando a função estética do texto literário, adotando como concepção a literatura fruitiva; três dos livros analisados afastam-se dessa concepção e exploram o texto literário como pretexto para ensino da língua.
TRANSLATION AND ADAPTATION OF THE BATES-JENSEN WOUND ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR THE BRAZILIAN CULTURE
Authors: Alves Daniela Fernanda dos Santos , Almeida Angélica Olivetto de , Silva Juliany Lino Gomes , Morais Flávia Inglezina , Dantas Sônia Regina Pérez Evangelista , Alexandre Neusa Maria Costa
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMethodological study aimed at translating and adapting The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool for the Brazilian culture, through five stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, review by an expert panel, and, testing of the translated version. The Portuguese version was evaluated by 28 nurses who tested the understanding and practicality of the items. The expert panel evaluated the equivalence between the original and translated versions, resulting in concordance lower than 80% for seven items of the General Guidelines, which were modified. In the instrument, 13 items obtained a concordance rate exceeding 80%, except for Wound Status Continuum, which achieved 40%. Testing the translated version indicated good practicality. The Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool is available in Brazil for research and use in clinical practice. Reliability and validity testing should be considered in future studies.
HOME BIRTH: UNDERSTANDING THE REASONS FOR THIS CHOICE
Authors: Sanfelice Clara Fróes de Oliveira , Shimo Antonieta Keiko Kakuda
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study aimed to understand the reasons that underlie the choice of homebirth. The information was captured through semi-structured interviews, applied between February and March 2014, recorded and transcribed. The sample obtained by saturation of data was composed of 14 women who had at least one experience of home birth, planned and attended in the previous year in the city of Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil, and region. The discussions were analyzed according to the method of Bardin's content analysis. The results gave rise to two categories: to gain information so as to be able to make an informed choice, and to be against the model of hospital care. The reasons listed show that the acquisition of knowledge is a basic condition to support the decision to give birth at home, in addition to revealing these women's great dissatisfaction with the current institutionalized model of care during childbirth.
ASSESSMENT OF ADHERENCE TO POST-EXPOSURE CONDUCTS AMONG HEALTH WORKERS: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF AN INSTRUMENT
Authors: Jansen Adriane Corrêa , Marziale Maria Helena Palucci , Santos Cláudia Benedita dos , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadotti , Ko Nai-Ying
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTMethodological study, undertaken between July/2011 and June/2012, whose aim was to translate and culturally adapt to Brazil the Chinese instrument (健康照顧專業人員職業性危害針扎後之追蹤) that assesses health professionals' intent to comply with conducts post-occupational exposure to biological material. The sample was random and consisted of 15 nursing professionals, exposed to biological material. The cross-cultural adaptation process showed to be satisfactory and the semantic validation evidenced that the instrument is understandable (73.3%), appropriate for the Brazilian culture and well accepted (85.2% of the items with favorable answers). The use of this instrument in Brazilian studies will permit broader discussions about actions to prevent occupational exposure to biological material and the planning of new strategies for the health services.
Avaliação das propriedades mecânicas e morfológicas de compósitos de PEAD com pó de Pinus taeda e alumina calcinada
Authors: Grison Karine , Turella Taís Caroline , Scienza Lisete Cristine , Zattera Ademir José
Published: October 2015

ResumoNeste estudo foram desenvolvidos compósitos utilizando PEAD, pó de madeira (Pinus taeda), alumina calcinada e dois diferentes tipos de agentes compatibilizantes para avaliação das propriedades morfológicas e mecânicas dos mesmos. Para aumentar a interação entre a matriz polimérica e o pó de madeira foram utilizados 2% de polietileno graftizado com anidrido maleico em todas as formulações. Para efeito comparativo foi desenvolvida uma formulação com viniltrietoxisilano como compatibilizante para a alumina calcinada. O teor de cargas variou de 4% a 33% para os compósitos de carga única e mantiveram o percentual de 28% para os compósitos com as duas cargas. A interação entre a matriz polimérica e as cargas, proporcionada pelo agente compatibilizante anidrido maleico, foi observada nas micrografias da interface da matriz/carga. A utilização do silano não proporcionou efeito adicional nas propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos. Os compósitos isentos de alumina apresentaram maior resistência à tração, porém na resistência à flexão a presença da alumina contribuiu para o aumento desta propriedade provavelmente devido à pequena interação existente entre a interface do seu grão e a matriz polimérica.
A nomeação de militares na América portuguesa Tendências de um império negociado
Authors: Cruz Miguel Dantas da
Published: October 2015

RESUMOA integração de súbditos ultramarinos nos dispositivos governativos dos impérios atlânticos esteve longe de reunir consenso nas cortes europeias. Madrid e Londres, por exemplo, mostraram-se frequentemente mais favoráveis à cooptação daqueles que tinham nascido na Europa para o serviço nas praças ultramarinas. Provocavam, dessa forma, o descontentamento dos elementos mais destacados das sociedades coloniais, que reclamavam os postos e os ofícios do império. O mesmo terá acontecido no Brasil, onde, apesar das ambiguidades identitárias, a naturalidade ou a identificação mais geral com a colónia não deixaram de fazer parte do discurso de cronistas, administradores e súbditos de ambos os lados do Atlântico. Neste artigo discute-se o protagonismo assumido pela proveniência geográfica na escolha dos homens incumbidos de proteger o Atlântico português, procurando entender se ela constituía matéria de discriminação ou se era diluída na lógica administrativa do império ou em considerações de outra natureza (v.g. condição social, experiência e serviço à monarquia). Identificam-se os fatores que ditavam a lógica do recrutamento no quadro do que era um império essencialmente negociado. Mas procura-se também sondar a evolução da composição identitária de alguns contingentes militares da América portuguesa, comparando-a, sempre que possível, com os exemplos britânico e espanhol.
Necessidade e alocação de laboratórios regionais de prótese dentária no Brasil: um estudo exploratório
Authors: Aguiar Violeta Rodrigues , Celeste Roger Keller
Published: October 2015

ResumoObjetivou-se comparar os indicadores epidemiológicos e de necessidade de reabilitação protética de 2003 com o número de Laboratórios Regionais de Prótese Dentária (LRPD) e Técnicos em Prótese Dentária (TPD), nas cinco regiões brasileiras, entre 2012 e 2013. Os dados sobre os serviços de saúde foram obtidos no DATASUS e os epidemiológicos a partir SBBrasil 2003. As taxas de próteses dentárias produzidas, de LRPD e de TPD foram calculadas por 100.000 habitantes. Para a análise, utilizaram-se os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Qui-quadrado. A prevalência de edentulismo, ajustada por sexo e idade variaram entre as regiões (p < 0,01), sendo maior na região Sudeste (13,9%). O maior número médio de dentes perdidos foi encontrado na região Norte (10,3 dentes). A maior disponibilidade de LRPD (1,16 por 100 mil/hab) e TPD (1,05 por 100 mil/hab) ocorreu na região Nordeste. A maior necessidade de prótese total (7,2%) foi registrada no Norte, mas a mesma foi a mais baixa na entrega de próteses (9,71 por 100 mil/hab). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) entre as regiões, para taxas de LRPD, TPD e de próteses. Sugere-se que outros critérios além dos epidemiológicos, influenciaram na abertura de LRPD no país.
Tendência da mortalidade neonatal na cidade de Salvador (Bahia-Brasil), 1996-2012
Authors: Gonçalves Annelise C. , Costa Maria da Conceição N. , Barreto Florisneide Rodrigues , Paim Jairnilson S. , Nascimento Estela Maria R. , Paixão Enny Santos da , Mota Eduardo Luiz Andrade
Published: October 2015

Objetivos:analisar a tendência da mortalidade neonatal, principais causas e potenciais fatores de risco, em Salvador-Bahia, 1996-2012.Métodos:estudo de série temporal tendo como fontes de dados os Sistemas de Informação sobre Mortalidade e sobre Nascidos Vivos/NV e Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Parâmetros da tendência temporal do coeficiente de mortalidade neonatal/CMN e da proporção de NV segundo características maternas, do recém-nascido e de atenção à saúde foram obtidos mediante Regressão Linear Simples. Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman avaliou relação entre estas variáveis.Resultados:observou-se declínio de 21,2% no CMN, principalmente devido ao componente precoce (β= - 0,730; p=0,006; R2= 0,423). Acompanhou esta tendência, a proporção de NV de mães adolescentes e sem instrução. A proporção de NV de mães com idade > 35 anos, nascimentos prematuros e de partos cesáreos exibiram crescimento. Predominaram mortes neonatais por Infecções específicas do período perinatal (13,2%), Hipóxia intrauterina/Asfixia ao nascer (8,4%) e Transtornos relacionados à prematuridade/baixo peso ao nascer (15,9%), estas últimas com tendência de crescimento (β= 1,319; p=0,006; R2= 0,428).Conclusões:a mortalidade neonatal e potenciais fatores de risco estão decrescendo em Salvador. Iniciativas voltadas para melhoria da atenção ao recém-nascido e das condições de vida da população podem estar contribuindo para esta tendência.
Experimental Data as a Source for the History of Science
Authors: Elliott Clark
Published: October 2015

The Memorabilia was full of ancient words, ancient formulae, ancient reflections of meaning, detached from minds that had died long ago, when a different sort of society had passed into oblivion. There was little of it that could still be understood. Certain papers seemed as meaningless as a Breviary would seem to a shaman of the nomad tribes…. The Memorabilia could not, of itself, generate a revival of ancient science or high civilization, however, for cultures were begotten by the tribes of Man, not by musty tomes; but the books could help, Dom Pedro hoped—the books could point out directions and offer hints to a newly evolving science.1
Intellectual Control of Historical Records
Authors: Brichford Maynard , Ostroff Harriet , Butler John , Lytle Richard
Published: October 2015

The cumbersome size of twentieth-century manuscript collections is dramatic evidence of the problem of intellectual control of historical records. The problem is compounded by the demands of researchers for better and more sophisticated finding aids. This session focused on a variety of methods of intellectual control, including union catalogs and computer-assisted finding aids. The conference participants debated the components of a good finding aid program.
Setting Priorities for Historical Records: A Conference Report
Authors: McCree Mary , Walch Timothy
Published: October 2015

Archivists, curators, and records administrators generally agree that resources for the preservation and use of historical records are inadequate at all operational levels, in all geographic areas, and in nearly every subject area. There is little agreement, however, on what are the most pressing needs or even on how to go about defining and seeking agreement on ways to meet these needs.
The Preservation and Uses of State and Local Records
Authors: Papenfuse Edward , Levine David , Lee Charles
Published: October 2015

State and local records have become increasingly popular as sources of information for scholars as well as for government agencies. Serving this growing constituency can become a burden for the repositories housing these records. This session focused on the value of local records programs, cost effective finding aid programs, and the need for a national historical records program.