bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Culture-independent analysis of the bacterial communities in Chinese fermented vegetables and genomic analysis of lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Zhang Jianming , Song Hye Seon , Zhang Chengcheng , Kim Yeon Bee , Roh Seong Woon , Liu Daqun
Published: March 2021

Six different fermented vegetables were collected from Zhejiang Province, China, to explore the associated bacterial communities using a high-throughput sequencing platform. A total of 24 phyla, 274 families and 569 genera were identified from six samples. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the main phyla in all of samples. Meanwhile, Brevibacterium was the major genus in Xiaoshan pickled radish. Lactobacillus-related genera and Vibrio were the major genera in fermented potherb mustard and its brine. Enterobacter and Cobetia were the major genera in fermented radish and its brine. Chromohalobacter was the major genus in the tuber mustard. These results indicated there were clear differences between the bacterial genera present in Xiaoshan pickled radish, fermented potherb mustard, fermented radish, and tuber mustard. This demonstrated the possible influences of raw materials and manufacturing processes. Furthermore, a large number of lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified by culture-dependent and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, which accounted for more than 68% of all the isolates. In addition, whole genome analysis of Lactobacillus suantsaii, Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei, and Weissella cibaria showed they had large numbers of genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism. This may explain why these three bacterial strains can grow in fermented vegetable environments.
Efficient DWT-based SVD Watermarked 3D Video Transmission over MC-CDMA Wireless Channel
Authors: Elbakary Eman Mohamed , El-Shafai Walid , El-Rabaie s , Zahran o , El-Halawany M , El-Samie F E. Abd
Published: March 2021

Abstract Three-Dimensional Video (3DV) communication through wireless channels suffers from bit-streams losses. Therefore, the efficient performance of 3DV transmission techniques over wireless networks is a considerable hot research topic. A high compression ratio must be introduced to meet future bandwidth restriction for optimized 3DV transmission. Unfortunately, the compressed 3DV bit-streams are more sensitive and vulnerable to packet losses. In this paper, we propose the application of chaotic Baker interleaving with equalization and convolution coding for efficient Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT)-based Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) watermarked 3DV transmission over a Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Accesses (MC-CDMA) wireless channel. Firstly, the compressed 3DV frames are watermarking using the DWT+SVD watermarking process. After that, chaotic interleaving is applied to minimize the channel effects on the transported bit-streams and it also adds an encryption to the transported 3DV frames. To test the performance of the proposed hybrid techniques; several experiments on different (DWT+SVD) watermarked 3DV frames have been tested. The experimental results confirm that the received watermarked 3DV frames still have high Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratios (PSNRs) and efficient watermark extraction is possible.
Data-driven design of targeted gene panels for estimating immunotherapy biomarkers
Authors: Bradley Jacob , Cannings Timothy
Published: March 2021

We introduce a novel data-driven framework for the design of targeted gene panels for estimating exome-wide biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy. Our first goal is to develop a generative model for the profile of mutation across the exome, which allows for gene- and variant type-dependent mutation rates. Based on this model, we then propose a new procedure for estimating biomarkers such as Tumour Mutation Burden and Tumour Indel Burden. Our approach allows the practitioner to select a targeted gene panel of a prespecified size, and then construct an estimator that only depends on the selected genes. Alternatively, the practitioner may apply our method to make predictions based on an existing gene panel, or to augment a gene panel to a given size. We demonstrate the excellent performance of our proposal using an annotated mutation dataset from 1144 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients.
Gender Differences in the Longitudinal Association Between Husbands' and Wives' Depressive Symptoms Among Korean Older Adults: The Moderating Effects of the Spousal Relationship
Authors: Baek Jiwon , Youm Yoosik , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The mutual effects of depressive symptoms between couples have long been reported; however, it remains unknown whether the spousal concordance of depression differs depending on spousal relationships.Method: Data on 291 married couples from the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (KSHAP) were examined. The KSHAP collected global network data from the target population living in one Korean village over eight years and across five waves. A seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) model in the panel data was employed to address correlation and heterogeneity.Results: If one spouse (husband or wife) had depressive symptoms, the other spouse tended to have depressive symptoms. However, the effect of marital relations on spousal concordance for depression was different in husbands and wives. This study demonstrated both spousal support aspects and spousal network aspects of spousal relationships. Depression concordance was more substantial for couples with a more negative marital relationship. A supportive marital relationship mitigated the impact of a husband's depression on his wife's depression but did not work in the opposite case. Spousal network overlap decreased the effect of a wife's depression on her husband's depression, but rather directly increased a wife's depression and failed to mediate the impact of a husband's depression on his wife's depression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that approaches to helping older adults deal with mental health disorders should proceed not only on an individual but on a couple-level. Also, gender-specific strategies need to be constructed to enhance the mental well-being of the older population.
Radon prediction using metrological parameters, and its significance in Seismo-Ionospheric coupling
Authors: Muhammad Ahmad , Kulahci Fatih
Published: March 2021

In order to derive boundary conditions, atmospheric and seismo-ionospheric models are coupled with generic assumptions. These boundary conditions are used to simulate possible interaction between earth’s atmospheric, geological processes and the Ionosphere. Rn is one of the major contributors to surface ionization, which is also believed to contribute to the geophysical and geochemical processes causing disturbance in the Ionosphere. Its relationship with metrological parameters in a given region gives an insight on the natural processes in the underground, as well as the relationship with atmospheric processes. It can enable models to establish realistic results rather than ideal theoretical consequences. Rn can be influenced by a number of physical variables, and therefore, this influence is sometimes very complicated to study, because of the Forcing researchers to make ideal assumptions. The relationship between Rn and some geological variables are studied, namely; soil temperature at 5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, and 50 cm, atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric temperature. A hybrid model is established based on the artificial neural network (ANN), which is referred to as multiANN model. This model is a combination of multi-regression and ANN models. Itenables Rn prediction to metrological parameters. To test the robustness of our model 50% training periods is employed with 50% testing periods. The model is able to forecast the remaining 50% effectively. With the aid of the Monte-Carlo method, it is possible to predict multiple future Rn variations with high precision. The regions with low performance of the multiANN are identified for possibly relationship to seismic events. The model could be a good candidate for predicting of Rn concentration from metrological parameters, especially in establishing the lower boundary conditions in seismo-ionospheric coupling models.
SVD Watermarked Video Frame Transmission System Using Chaotic Interleaving
Authors: Elbakary Eman Mohamed , El-Rabaie El-Sayed M , Zahran O , El-Samie Fathi E Abd
Published: March 2021

This paper suggests a chaotic Baker interleaving method for minimizing the channel errors on the transmitted data and setting some encryption. The evaluation of the suggested approach is checked by the transmission of various SVD watermarked video frames over Rayleigh fading channels in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise with interleaving by chaotic Baker map. The obtained results indicate that the received SVD watermarked video frames give higher peak signal to noise ratios (PSNRs) using chaotic interleaving compared to other methods.
Health Behaviors and Wellbeing among those “LIVING” with Metastatic Cancer in the Deep South
Authors: Bail Jennifer R , Bail Sumanth V , Cagle Jessica , Tiesi Koriann , Caffey Jayla , Bakitas Marie , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy
Published: March 2021

Background: Approximately 5 million Americans are living with metastatic cancer. Metastatic cancer survivors (MCS) are at risk for poor health behaviors, which may negatively influence wellbeing.Methods: Using a modified Dillman’s method, 542 MCS were mailed a survey querying physical and mental health (PROMIS® measures), health behaviors, and supportive care interest. Returned surveys were double-key entered into REDCap®. Data were analyzed using SPSS.Results: Two hundred and seventy-seven surveys were returned (51% response). Respondents (51% female; 88% Caucasian; 12% African-American; Mage=65 years; Msurvivorship=38 months; 23% female cancers, 23% melanoma, 21% gastrointestinal, 15% genitourinary, 12% pulmonary, and 6% other) reported low daily fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake (M=4.1) and weekly minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA) (M=41.9), with 66% of respondents having overweight or obesity. While mean scores for physical (M=43.6) and mental (M=47.7) health were considered “good,” scores in the “fair” to “poor” ranges were observed (40% physical; 23% mental). MCS meeting PA (≥150 min per week) and dietary (≥5 daily servings of F&V) guidelines reported better physical (p=.003; p=.056) and mental (p=.033, p=.549) health respectively, compared to MCS who were not. While current supportive care use was low (12%), future interest was high (57%), with greatest interest for nutrition (46%), MCS support group (38%), and gardening (31%).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in regular PA and consuming more F&Vs may enhance physical and mental health among MCS. Future research may explore supportive care approaches with high interest, such as gardening, to aid MCS in improving key health behaviors.
Assessing phytotoxicity and accumulation of trace elements to Lactuca sativa of a contaminated shooting range soil
Authors: Cesynaite Jurate , Praspaliauskas Marius , Sujetoviene Gintare
Published: March 2021

Shooting range soil contamination with heavy metals is a common problem around the world. Usually, lead is the primary contaminant in the shooting ranges. Extreme concentrations of trace elements create a toxic living environment for various plants. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in contaminated shooting range soil. The results showed that physiological parameters root elongation, shoot length and fresh biomass per plant were negatively affected, especially in the most contaminated site in the shooting range. At the most contaminated shooting range site shoots accumulated higher concentrations of Ni and Zn, roots – Cu, Ni, and Zn. The roots of plants grown in the most contaminated soil accumulated significantly higher concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Sb than the reference and accumulation of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb and Zn in the roots of the plants grown in the most contaminated site was higher compared to shoots. Bioaccumulation factor of Cu and Ni in plants from the most contaminated site was significantly higher than the reference. Metals absorbed by L. sativa were accumulated in root and lower metal translocation in shoots was determined, except for Mn.
Effect of two insect diets on the intestinal commensal microbiome of healthy Salmo trutta vr. trutta
Authors: Józefiak Agata , Nogales-Mérida Silvia , Rawski Mateusz , Mikołajczak Zuzanna , Kierończyk Bartosz , Włodarek Jan , Mazurkiewicz Jan
Published: March 2021

Background The balance of the intestinal commensal microbiome of fish and other animals plays an important role in the physiological processes of healthy animals, contributes to the defense against pathogens, stimulates the immune system and facilitates nutrient metabolism. In the last decade, the use of insects in fish nutrition has been increasing exponentially, although little is known regarding the effects of insect meals on the fish gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two insect diets containing mealworm (MW) and superworm (SW) on the microbiome of the digesta of sea trout fingerlings and the relative abundances of different taxa among communities under controlled conditions.Results The insect meals produced a similar weight gain and survival rate to sea trout fed fishmeal. The most abundant bacterial phylum in all the treatment groups was Firmicutes followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and significant differences in the amount of Cyanobacteria were observed in the SW group. Conclusions The insect meals did not produce differences in the three most abundant phyla in the sea trout digesta. However, the effect of each type of meal on the lower taxonomic levels was evident, particularly in the case of the superworm meal. These microbiome differences indicated that mealworm meal was more related to fishmeal than superworm meal. Our results highlight the potential effects of insect meals, such as mealworm and superworm meals, on the microbiota of sea trout.
Dynamic Thiol Disulphide Homeostasis in Patients with Surfer’s Eye: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Akcam Hanife Tuba , Erel Ozcan
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pterygium is still unclear. However, abnormal thiol disulfide homeostasis levels are involved in the pathogenesis of various systemic or ocular diseases. We aim to analyze dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in patients suffering from conjunctival pterygium using a contemporary technique.
Methods
Thirty-eight subjects suffering from pterygium and 35 age-gender matched healthy volunteers were recruited for study. For each case, total thiol, disulfide and native thiol levels in blood were obtained. Additionally, ratio of disulfide over total thiol, native thiol over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol were computed.
Results
The level of median native thiol was lower in pterygium group (318.2 µmol /L vs 333.4 µmol /L) and median disulfide was slightly higher in pterygium group (24.3 µmol /L vs 22.8 µmol /L) compared to control group. Both disulfide over total thiol and disulfide over native thiol ratios were higher in pterygium group, ratio of native thiol over total thiol was found to be higher in control group. Nevertheless, none of those differences were statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Notably, correlation test pointed to a negative correlation both between pterygium grade and native thiol and between total thiol and pterygium grade in pterygium group (P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively).
Conclusion
A negative correlation hinting that slightly weakened dynamic thiol disulphide homeostasis in subjects with pterygium, a local ocular disease. Further studies with larger sample sizes may shed light on this potential relationship and justify systemic antioxidant therapies in these cases.
Evaluation of GIS based Ranking and AHP methods in selecting the most suitable site: A case study in Kayseri, Turkey
Authors: Günen Mehmet Akif
Published: March 2021

Demand for renewable energy sources is increasing since traditional energy sources (i.e., coal, oil, and natural gas) have limited reserves and cause high greenhouse gas emission. Suitable site selection for new generation renewable resources is vital in large-scale projects. In this paper, suitable sites for solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants were selected for a Kayseri, Turkey case. Geographic information systems and multi criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were integrated to exploit and construct the best location for solar PV power plants. In this context, three main, twelve sub-criteria, and their indicators were determined by considering expert opinion and previous studies. The rank based (i.e., rank sum, rank reciprocal weights, and rank order centroid weights) and analytical hierarchical process (AHP) methods were used to determine the weights of the criteria. The suitability maps created according to the calculated weights were divided into 5 levels (i.e., excellent, good, fair, low, poor site). To compare the success of MCDM methods, 33 existing installed PV power plants were randomly selected and used for validation. It was determined that the rank reciprocal method was the most successful in selection of the most suitable site. Four MCDM methods determined that the Sarız, Tomarza, and Incesu districts of Kayseri were the most suitable sites.
Recovery of Respiratory Muscle, Physical Functions, and Dyspnea After Lobectomy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Ichikawa Tsuyoshi , Yokoba Masanori , Horimizu Yu , Yamaguchi Saki , Kawakami Akiko , Oikawa Satoru , Takeichi Haruka , Katagiri Masato , Toyokura Minoru
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To characterize respiratory muscle strength, physical functions, and dyspnea in patients receiving pulmonary rehabilitation following lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer.Methods: This retrospective study included non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent lobectomy via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or posterolateral thoracotomy and pulmonary rehabilitation between September 2013 and March 2018. Maximum mouth inspiratory and expiratory pressures, 6-minute walking distance, quadriceps force, and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score were evaluated before surgery, at discharge, and at post-lobectomy months 1 and 3.Results: Data from 41 eligible patients were analyzed. At discharge, maximum mouth inspiratory and expiratory pressures, 6-minute walking distance, and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score were lower than pre-operative values, but quadriceps force was unchanged. The maximum mouth inspiratory pressure and 6-minute walking distance returned to pre-operative values at post-lobectomy month 1, and maximum expiratory pressure and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score improved at month 3. During sub-analysis, maximum mouth inspiratory pressure and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale score after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (n = 24) improved to pre-operative levels at post-lobectomy month 1, whereas patients in the posterolateral thoracotomy group (n = 17), it improved at 3 months.Conclusions: After lobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation had their respiratory muscle strength, physical functions, and dyspnea improve to pre-operative levels at post-lobectomy month 3. Moreover, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be more beneficial than posterolateral thoracotomy in the early post-operative recovery of inspiratory muscle strength and dyspnea.
A new nonlinear mathematical model for forecasting the waves of the COVID-19 epidemic
Authors: Yaghoby Reza
Published: March 2021

Social distance and Hospitals' capacity are two very important factors in the COVID-19 pandemic, which usually change over time. Nevertheless, studies on forecasting this pandemic have not approximately considered these changes in their models. In this study, we accordingly provided a new nonlinear diffusion model by considering these changes for forecasting the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. This new model generally indicated that it can well follow and predict the trends of the new cases, new recoveries and daily deaths relevant to Iran’s COVID-19 epidemic. In this model, some outcomes also indicated that this model can detect some-things about the management style of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran. Therefore, since this model could follow three waves of the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, it can be used in mitigation strategies for the better management of the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran and even other world countries.
Association between the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score and clinical outcomes in the intensive care unit: A secondary analysis of a large prospective observational study
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Mei-Ping , Jiang Li , Du Bin , Zhu Bo , Xi Xiu-Ming
Published: March 2021

Background: Malnutrition in intensive care unit (ICU) patients is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The nutrition risk in the critically ill score (NUTRIC) was proposed as an appropriate nutritional assessment tool in critically ill patients. This score uses interleukin-6 (IL-6), a biomarker that is not always available. This prospective observational study was conducted to identify the nutritional risk in ICU patients using the modified NUTRIC (mNUTRIC) score (which does not include IL-6) and to explore the relationship between 28-day mortality and high mNUTRIC scores.Methods: The data were extracted from The Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT). This trial was a prospective, observational, multi-centre study conducted in 30 ICUs at 28 tertiary hospitals in Beijing, China, from March 1 to August 31, 2012. In total, 9049 patients were admitted consecutively, and 3107 patients with complete clinical data were included in this study. The predictive capacity of the mNUTRIC score was studied by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The significance level was set at 5%.Results: Among the 3107 patients, the 28-day mortality rate was 17.4% (540 patients died). High nutritional risk patients were older (P<0.001), with higher illness severity scores than low nutritional risk patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that the mNUTRIC score was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality and mortality increased with increasing scores (p = 0.000). The calculated area under curve (AUC) for the mNUTRIC score was 0.763 (CI 0.740 - 0.786).Conclusions: Nearly 28.2% of patients admitted to the ICU were at risk of malnutrition, and a high mNUTRIC score was associated with increased ICU length of stay and higher mortality.Trial Registration: This study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (registration number Chi CTR-ONC-11001875). Registered on 14 December 2011.Key words:The modified nutrition risk in critically ill score, Intensive care unit, Mortality
Biofuels from wastes in the Marmara Region, Turkey: Potentials and constraints
Authors: Ocak Semra , Acar Sevil
Published: March 2021

Turkey as an energy importing country, is heavily dependent on fossil fuels, which causes an increase in environmental problems and raises concerns on energy security. However, biowastes offer a significant potential, especially in the Marmara Region of the country. In this study, the waste potential of the region for energy production is analyzed. Within this context, agricultural and livestock wastes are examined in terms of their amounts, theoretical energy potentials and costs to generate electricity. To evaluate economic costs, collection and feedstock costs for animal and agricultural wastes are handled in three different scenarios based on FAO’s assessment. Given the results for wastes and energy potentials, it has been deduced that biowastes can theoretically meet more than half of the electricity consumption of the region. The results of the cost analysis demonstrate that both direct combustion of agricultural wastes and conversion of animal wastes to biogas in CHP plants to produce electricity are economical according to several scenario options considering the LCOE and feed-in-tariff values.
Comparative assessment of LDL-C and VLDL-C estimation in Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia using Sampson’s, Martin’s and Friedewald’s equations
Authors: Vargas-Vázquez Arsenio , Bello-Chavolla Omar Yaxmehen , Antonio-Villa Neftali Eduardo , Mehta Roopa , Aguilar-Salinas Carlos A. , Cruz-Bautista Ivette
Published: March 2021

Background: Sampson et al developed a novel method to estimate very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the setting of hypertriglyceridemia. Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is a common primary dyslipidemia in which lipoprotein composition interferes with LDL-C estimation. This study aimed to evaluate performance of LDL-C using this new method (LDL-S) compared with LDL-C estimated by Friedewald’s and Martin equation (LDL-F, LDL-M) in FCHL.Methods: Data were collected from 340 subjects with confirmed FCHL. Concordance for VLDL-C measured by ultracentrifugation and LDL-C estimated using these measures compared to Sampson’s, Martin’s and Friedewald’s equations was performed using correlation coefficients, root mean squared error (RMSE) and bias. We also assessed concordance of misclassified metrics according to LDL-C (<70 and <100mg/dL) and ApoB (<80 and <65mg/dL) thresholds.Results: Sampson’s equation was more accurate (RMSE 11.21 mg/dL; R2=0.88) compared to Martin’s (RMSE 13.15 mg/dL; R2=0.875) and the Friedewald equation (RMSE 13.7 mg/dL; R2= 0.869). When assessing performance according to LDL-C, Sampson’s had highest correlation and lowest RMSE compared to other equations (RMSE 19.99 mg/dL; R2=0.840). Comparing performance strength across triglyceride levels, Sampson’s showed consistently improved correlations compared to Martin’s and Friedewald’s formulas for increasing triglycerides and for the FCHL phenotype of mixed dyslipidemia. Sampson’s also had improved concordance with treatment goals.Conclusions: In FCHL, VLDL-C and LDL-C estimation using Sampson’s formula showed higher concordance with lipid targets assessed using VLDL-C obtained by ultracentrifugation compared with Friedewald’s and Martin’s equations. Implementation of Sampson’s formula could improve treatment monitoring in FCHL.
Microbiome-Gut-Brain-Axis communication influences metabolic switch in the mosquito Anopheles culicifacies
Authors: De Tanwee Das , Sharma Punita , Tevatiya Sanjay , Chauhan Charu , Kumari Seena , Singla Deepak , Srivas Vartika , Rani Jyoti , Hasija Yasha , Pandey Kailash , Mayur Kajla , Dixit Rajnikant
Published: March 2021

Background: Periodic ingestion of a protein-rich blood meal by adult female mosquitoes causes a drastic metabolic change in their innate physiological status, which is referred to as ‘metabolic switch. Although the down-regulation of olfactory factors is key to restrain host-attraction, how the gut ‘metabolic switch’ modulates brain functions, and resilience physiological homeostasis remains unexplored. Methods: To uncover a possible correlation of gut metabolic switching and brain function, we carried out a comparative RNAseq analysis of naïve and blood-fed mosquito’s brain. Spatio-temporal expression of neuro-signaling and neuro-modulatory genes was monitored through Real-Time PCR. To establish a proof-of-concept, we followed LC/MS-based absolute quantification of different neurotransmitters (NT) and compared their levels in the brain as well as in the gut of the mosquitoes. To correlate how microbiome influences gut-brain-axis communication, we performed a comparative gut metagenomic analysis. Results: Our findings demonstrate that the protein-rich diet induces the expression of brain transcripts related to mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, possibly to cause a shift of the brain’s engagement to manage organismal homeostasis. A dynamic expression pattern of neuro-signaling and neuro-modulatory genes in both gut and brain, presumably a key to establish an active brain-distant organ communication. Disruption of this comunication through decapitation, does not affect the modulation of the neuro-modulator receptor genes in the gut. In parallel, an unusual and paramount shift in the level of the Neurotransmitters (NTs), from the brain to the gut after blood feeding, further supports the idea of the gut’s ability to serve as a ‘second brain’. Finally, a comparative metagenomics evaluation of gut microbiome population dynamics, highlighted that blood-feeding not only suppresses Enterobacteriaceae family member by 50%, but favors rapid proliferation of Pseudomonadales to 46% of the total community. Notable obesrvation of a rapid proliferation of Pseudomonas bacterial sp. in the gut correlates a possible cause for the suppression of appetite after blood-feeding. Additionally, an altered NTs dynamics of naïve and aseptic mosquitoes provide the initial evidence that gut-endosymbionts are key modulators for the synthesis of major neuroactive molecules. Conclusion: Our data establish a new conceptual understanding of microbiome-gut-brain-axis communication in mosquitoes.
Wormhole Attack Detection System for IoT Network: A Hybrid Approach
Authors: Bhosale Snehal Ajit , Sonavane S. S.
Published: March 2021

Many errors in data communication cause security attacks in Internet of Things (IoT). Routing errors which are prominent errors in IoT, degrade the quality of data communication. Many attacks like sinkhole attack, blackhole attack, selective forwarding attack and wormhole attack enter the network through network layer of the IoT. This paper has an emphasis on the wormhole attack detection because it is one of the most uncompromising attacks at the network layer of IoT protocol stack. The wormhole attack inserts wrong routes information in the network; it also alters the network information by causing failure of the location-dependent protocols thus defeating the purpose of routing algorithms. The wormhole attack is activated in the network by forming a tunnel between two long-distance nodes. These nodes create an illusion that they are directly connected and nearer to each other. They attract legitimate nodes to transmit data through them by advertising less hop-count. Most of the time, due to the presence of attack, packets take the long route and reduce their strength. This paper covers the design and implementation of an innovative intrusion detection system for the IoT that detects the wormhole attack and the attacker nodes. The presence of the wormhole attack is identified using location information of any node and its neighbor with the help of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values and hop-count. The proposed system is energy efficient and hence it is beneficial for a resource-constrained environment of IoT. It also provides precise true-positive and false-positive detection rate.
Spherical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Application
Authors: kumar Ashok , Yaduvanshi Rajveer Singh
Published: March 2021

In this article Spherical DRA has been formulated , simulated and proto type developed. The detailed theoretical analysis along with simulations and measured results at 5.8 GHz have been presented in this article. The SDRA at 5.8 GHz covering 5G frewuenci band. The proposed design antenna provides the gain of 7.3 dB and return loss -25 dB. The measured results are in good match with simulated result. The proposed SDRA are good for 5G wireless networks, as well as other sub-6 band in wireless communication systems.
Microbiomes of clownfish and their symbiotic host anemone converge before their first physical contact
Authors: Gilbert Émie Audet , Sylvain François-Étienne , Bouslama Sidki , Derome Nicolas
Published: March 2021

BackgroundOne of the most charismatic, and yet not completely resolved example of mutualistic interaction is the partnership of clownfish and its symbiotic sea anemone. The mechanism explaining this tolerance currently relies on the molecular mimicry of clownfish epithelial mucus, which could serve as camouflage, preventing the anemone's nematocysts' discharge. Resident bacteria are known as key drivers of epithelial mucus chemical signature in vertebrates. A recent study has proposed a restructuration of the skin microbiota in a generalist clown fish when first contacting its symbiotic anemone. We explored a novel hypothesis by testing the effect of remote interaction on epithelial microbiota restructuration in both partners. MethodsWith metataxonomics, we investigated the epithelial microbiota dynamic of 18 pairs of percula clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and their symbiotic anemone Heteractis magnifica in remote interaction, physical interaction and control groups for both partners during a four weeks trial.ResultsPhysical and Remote Interaction groups’ results evidence gradual epithelial microbiota convergence between both partners when fish and anemone were placed in the same water system. This convergence occurred preceding any physical contact between partners, and was maintained during the two-weeks interaction period in both contact groups. After the interaction period, community structure of both fish and anemone’s epthelial community structures maintained the interaction signature two weeks after fish-anemone pairs separation. Furthermore, the interaction signature persistence was observed both in Physical and Remote Interaction groups, thus suggesting that water-mediated chemical communication between symbiotic partners was strong enough to shift the skin microbiota durably, even after the separation of fish-anemone pairs. Finally, our results suggest that fish-anemone convergent microbiota restructuration was increasingly associated with the parallel recruitment of three Flavobacteriaceae strains closely related to a tyrosinase-producing Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans. ConclusionsOur study shows that bacterial community restructuration, in the acclimation process, does not only rely on direct physical contact. Furthermore, our results challenge, for the first time, the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as we argue that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.
Microbiomes of Clownfish and Their Symbiotic Host Anemone Converge Before Their First Physical Contact.
Authors: Audet-Gilbert Émie , Sylvain François-Étienne , Bouslama Sidki , Derome Nicolas
Published: March 2021

BackgroundOne of the most charismatic, and yet not completely resolved example of mutualistic interaction is the partnership of clownfish and its symbiotic sea anemone. The mechanism explaining this tolerance currently relies on the molecular mimicry of clownfish epithelial mucus, which could serve as camouflage, preventing the anemone's nematocysts' discharge. Resident bacteria are known as key drivers of epithelial mucus chemical signature in vertebrates. A recent study has proposed a restructuration of the skin microbiota in a generalist clown fish when first contacting its symbiotic anemone. We explored a novel hypothesis by testing the effect of remote interaction on epithelial microbiota restructuration in both partners. MethodsWith metataxonomics, we investigated the epithelial microbiota dynamic of 18 pairs of percula clownfish (Amphiprion percula) and their symbiotic anemone Heteractis magnifica in remote interaction, physical interaction and control groups for both partners during a four weeks trial.ResultsPhysical and Remote Interaction groups’ results evidence gradual epithelial microbiota convergence between both partners when fish and anemone were placed in the same water system. This convergence occurred preceding any physical contact between partners, and was maintained during the two-weeks interaction period in both contact groups. After the interaction period, community structure of both fish and anemone’s epthelial community structures maintained the interaction signature two weeks after fish-anemone pairs separation. Furthermore, the interaction signature persistence was observed both in Physical and Remote Interaction groups, thus suggesting that water-mediated chemical communication between symbiotic partners was strong enough to shift the skin microbiota durably, even after the separation of fish-anemone pairs. Finally, our results suggest that fish-anemone convergent microbiota restructuration was increasingly associated with the parallel recruitment of three Flavobacteriaceae strains closely related to a tyrosinase-producing Cellulophaga tyrosinoxydans. ConclusionsOur study shows that bacterial community restructuration, in the acclimation process, does not only rely on direct physical contact. Furthermore, our results challenge, for the first time, the traditional unidirectional chemical camouflage hypothesis, as we argue that convergence of the epithelial microbiota of both partners may play essential roles in establishing mutual acceptance.
Imaging findings and differential diagnosis of hepatic sinusoidal occlusion syndrome and Budd-Chiari syndrome
Authors: Jia Cui yu , Zhao Da wei , Feng Ji liang , Li Rui li , Wang Xin xin , Li Hong jun
Published: March 2021

Objective

To retrospectively analyze the clinical and imaging manifestations differential points between hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) and Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS).
Material

The clinical symptoms, laboratory examination and imaging findings of 15 cases of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and 33 cases of Budd-Chiari syndrome were statistically analyzed, find the identification points. The study used the Fisher test, P values of 0.05 or less were considered to indicate significant differences. The retrospective study was approved by the hospital's ethics committee.
Results

Laboratory tests: There were significant differences in total protein reduction rate (66.7% vs 9.1%, p༜0.01), albumin reduction rate (66.7% vs 9.1%, p༜0.01), Gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation rate (100% vs 6.1%, P༜0.01), alkaline phosphatase elevation rate (60% vs 6.1%, p༜0.01), and abnormal rate of prothrombin time (100% vs 21.2%, p༜0.01) between the two groups (BCS vs SOS). It also indicates that the liver function of SOS patients is more seriously impaired. Image findings: The following image findings were observed significant more frequently in SOS than in BCS and were statistically significant: gallbladder wall thickening (66.7% vs 78.2%, p༜0.01), ascites (80% vs 27.3%, p༜0.01), cloverleaf or claw-like shapes (80% vs 0%, p༜0.01). The following images appeared more frequently in BCS than in BCS and were statistically significant: caudate lobe enlargement (33.3% vs 75.8%, p༜0.01), collateral circulation (46.7% vs 93.9%, p༜0.01), diffuse patchy enhancement (20% vs 93.9%, p༜0.01), homogeneous in delayed phase (13.3% vs 90.1%, p༜0.01).
Conclusion

To Identification of SOS and BCS should be based on the patient's laboratory examination and imaging findings to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Intact selective attention supports context memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Justus Sidni , Powell Patrick , Duarte Audrey
Published: March 2021

Research on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in ASD. We evaluated memory performance, hyper-binding, and metamemory performance in a novel context memory task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. We conclude that context memory performance is not disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high, and discuss the need for continued research to evaluate well-known neurotypical aging effects on episodic memory and further investigate the metacognitive profile in ASD.
Early effects of inspiratory muscle training in critical patients submitted to mechanical ventilation: A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: de Oliveira Franciele Borges , Mesquita Fabrício Olinda de Souza , de Medeiros Jéssica Mascena , Ribeiro Hálisson Alves , de Oliveira Paula Tamara Fonseca , Carvalho Rodrigo Gustavo da Silva
Published: March 2021

Background: Respiratory muscle weakness is one of the primary factors associated with difficulty of ventilatory weaning in critically ill patients. In this sense, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) is a possible facilitator of successful weaning. One of the devices used for IMT is the POWERbreathe®, because it provides a linear pressure load, with the possibility of gradual increments. The effectiveness of early IMT in this population is not yet well known. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of early IMT with a mechanical loading device on the weaning time of patients on invasive mechanical ventilation (primary outcome), respiratory muscle strength, length of stay in the intensive care unit and in the success rate of weaning (secondary outcomes).Methods: This randomised controlled trial, a single blind evaluation, will be conducted in the intensive care unit of a university hospital on 42 adults, who will be randomly and blindly categorised into the control group, comprising patients who undergo routine physical therapy only, and the training group, comprising patients who undergo routine physical therapy associated with IMT twice a day, with load adjusted daily at 50% of maximum inspiratory pressure, three series of 10 repetitions with one minute rest in between. Both groups will be assessed when patients are eligible for the study and before the ventilatory support withdrawal. Effects of the training will be analysed from the collected data using intention-to-treat analysis. Between-group differences will be measured using generalised estimating equations for data analysis.Discussion: Results of this trial will likely provide valuable new information on the effects of IMT on weaning time, respiratory muscle strength, length of stay in the intensive care unit and the success rate of weaning in critically ill patients.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03758573. 29th November 2018.
Characterization of Cylindra Beetroot Wastes Volarized With Green Solvent by Thermal Emerging Technology (Microwave Irradiation)
Authors: Zin Moh Moh , Bánvölgyi Szilvia
Published: March 2021

Accordingly, with the benefits of high temperature with short time treatment, microwave irradiation has conquered novel extraction technology to volarize food wastes. Compared to other unconventional ways, microwave-assisted-extraction (MAE) is superior for its accordance with green solvents due to the mode of heating which based on the dielectric constant level of solvents. In this study, the extraction processes of bioactive compounds from waste parts of beetroot were accomplished using a home-use microwave oven. Aside from peel; stalk and flesh were utilized for extraction at three coded levels of process conditions (low, medium, and high) for comparison. Control samples were prepared at 70ºC for 1 h extraction time with 1:10 w/v solvent ratio. Spectrophotometric analysis was performed for approaching bioactive compounds existing in specific parts of the beetroot. Compared to the control, approximately 2.2 times of total betalains, phenolics, flavonoids, and the relevant antioxidants were scavenged at 800 W of microwave power together with 150 s of extraction period following the descending order: peel, flesh, and stalk. Our observation is a prove of the high extraction efficiency of green solvent since pure water solvent brought more amount of specific bioactive compounds than aqueous ethanol under the same studied process conditions.
Overuse of Follow-up Chest Computed Tomography in Patients With Incidentally Identified Nodules Suspicious for Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Ran , Zhang Yang , Ma Zelin , Deng Chaoqiang , Fu Fangqiu , Hu Hong , Sun Yihua , Chen Haiquan
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Regardless of professional societies agreed that CT screening inconsistent with recommendation leads to radiation-related cancer and unexpected cost, many patients undergo unnecessary chest CT before treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the overuse of Chest CT in different type of patients.Methods: Data on 1853 patients who underwent pulmonary resection from May 2019 to May 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected include age, sex, follow-up time, density and size of nodules and frequency of undergoing Chest CT. Pearson χ2 test and logistic regression were conducted to compare the receipt of CT screening.Results: Among 1853 patients in the study, 689 (37.2%) had overused Chest CT during follow-up of the lung cancer. This rate was 16.2% among patients with solid nodules, 57.5% among patients with pure ground glass opacity (pGGO), and 41.4% among patients with mixed ground glass opacity (mGGO) (P<.001). 50.7% in the “age ≤40” group, 39.8% in the “41≤age ≤50” group, 38.7% in the “51≤age ≤60” group, 32.3% in the “61≤age ≤70” group, 27.8% in the “>70” group underwent unnecessary CT (P<.001). Female get more unnecessary CT than male (40.6% vs 32.8%, P<.001). Factors associated with a greater likelihood of Chest CT is the density of nodules (odds ratios [ORs] of 0.53 for mGGO; 0.15 for solid nodule, P<.0001, vs patients with pGGO).Conclusion: roughly 37% patients with pulmonary nodules received Chest CT too frequently despite national recommendations against the practice. Closer adherence to clinical guidelines is likely to result in more cost-effective care.
Novel Reconfigurable Intelligent EBG Metasurface Layer for ASK Modulation
Authors: Almizan Hayder , Elwi Taha A. , Hassain Zaid A. Abdul
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a novel structure of a reconfigurable Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) layer is presented for direct antenna Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) digital modulation. Therefore, the modulation process, in this paper, is realized without the need to include conventional parts like filters, mixers or power amplifiers. Beside many advantages, the proposed modulation process offers cost, complexity, and weight reductions to suit many modern applications including 5G systems. The reconfigurable EBG layer has two statuses: ON and OFF. Each status produces a certain level of gain enhancement. Via controlling the reconfigurable EBG statuses, the amplitude of the transmitted wave can be controlled. The results show such a system design can modulate the electromagnetic signals directly by varying the gain from 2 dBi for logic_0 (OFF) to 11 dBi for logic_1 (ON). For this, a mathematical model based on ray tracing analysis is conducted to explain the principle of operation of the proposed EBG layer. The antenna and EBG structures fabrication as a system is realized and tested experimentally. The measurements show good agreements with the proposed mathematical model and CST MWS simulations.