bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIRECTIONS OF APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN GEODESIC MONITORING OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES
Authors: Horb O. , Nesterenko S. , Afanasyev O. , Baistruk O.
Published: May 2023

The study determined the necessity of using artificial intelligence in solving the tasks of geodetic monitoring of buildings and structures. According to the results of the research, examples of the world experience of involving artificial intelligence in solving various issues of geodetic monitoring were found. The issues of using modern instrument equipment in conducting geodetic monitoring with the use of artificial intelligence are investigated.
Therefore, the application of artificial intelligence in geodetic monitoring of buildings and structures can significantly increase the efficiency and accuracy of data collection and analysis, reduce risks and increase the safety of workers and the public, as well as reduce costs and increase the productivity of processes. There are various examples of the application of artificial intelligence in geodetic monitoring of buildings and structures, such as the use of machine learning to predict landslides, the use of autonomous drones to collect data, and automatic image processing systems to detect defects and damage to buildings. The use of artificial intelligence in geodetic monitoring of buildings and structures has great potential for improving the safety, efficiency and productivity of construction processes.
In addition, the development of artificial intelligence and its application in geodesy can help solve complex tasks, such as predicting floods, earthquakes and other dangerous phenomena related to geodesy and construction. The application of artificial intelligence can also increase the accuracy and reliability of surveying and mapping, which can be useful for solving many different problems related to surveying and construction.
In this regard, it can be argued that artificial intelligence has already found its application in geodesy and construction, and its capabilities are still being explored and developed. This opens up many opportunities to improve the efficiency and accuracy of construction processes, reduce risks and increase the safety of workers and the public, as well as to create new innovations and achievements in the field of surveying and construction.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, geodetic monitoring, geoinformation system, automation, camera works, monitoring principles, building and construction monitoring data, geospatial analysis, construction objects.
REVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL SPORTS COMPETITIONS AND SIGNIFICANT SPORTS BUILDINGS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Votinov M. , Smirnova O.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the review of international sports competitions. The article is devoted the research of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of sports facilities in Ukraine. The conceptual apparatus of the research has been studied. It was determined that modern sports complexes are a set of sports facilities of universal purpose, the construction of which is carried out according to a single project documentation. It has been established that they are large-scale structures, which are distinguished by originality and non-standard constructions and forms, in which complex design, technical and engineering solutions are implemented. The complex also includes outdoor playgrounds, athletics playgrounds, and outdoor water sports objects. Such buildings and complexes are intended for holding various sports events. An analysis of the domestic experience of the formation of sports buildings and complexes in the urban environment was carried out. The main international sports competitions are considered. The coverage of the main sports events and the analysis of the formation of significant sports facilities in Ukraine made it possible to determine that the modern stage is characterized by the active implementation of multi-functionality and transformation methods, universality and saturation of sports facilities with engineering infrastructure and high-tech elements. The peculiarities and directions of the formation of sports objects in Ukraine are revealed. Specificity, methods of formation of modern sports complexes are determined. Based on the analysis of the formation of domestic sports objects, the main modern requirements for their improvement have been determined. A number of modern requirements for improving the methods of operating sports facilities and complexes and increasing the efficiency of their use have been determined. The algorithm of the conceptual approach to the improvement of sports facilities and complexes in the structure of the urban environment is revealed.
Keywords: architecture, sports competitions, sports objects, urban environment.
ASSESSMENT OF THE TECHNICAL CONDITION OF THE BUILDING USING MODERN GEODESIC INSTRUMENTS
Authors: Urdzik S. , Piven K.
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the topic of a comprehensive survey of engineering structures that are in operation. It has been established that with the help of visual assessment it is impossible to give a reliable assessment of the current state of the structure. Modern geodetic instruments significantly expand the capabilities of engineers for technical control, therefore, in the article, special attention is paid to this type of work.
The survey is carried out on the example of a building that was erected according to a block space-planning scheme. The planning scheme is based on separate blocks of different heights and sizes. This is the reason for considering the sequence of performing the survey on this type of object. In the course of the survey, work was carried out on a visual assessment of building structures and their joints between each other, deviations from design solutions and design standards were established, an analysis of the spatial position of structures and deviations from the project and standard indicators was carried out. To clarify the structures of the foundations and establish their compliance with the design data, pits were made in places regulated by the terms of reference. The pits were carried out in a combined way to the depth of laying the foundations. According to the results of laser scanning, the spatial position of the structures on the executive diagrams was recorded. Scanning was carried out in three blocks. To assess deviations from the boundary normative indicators, an analysis of the results of scanning the planned position of the building's supporting structures was performed. Based on the results of the tacheometric survey, design solutions were established that do not meet the requirements of the current regulatory documents in terms of proper fastening of structures to each other and disregard for the conditions for ensuring the rigidity of structures, which can lead to a decrease in the overall rigidity of the frame and cause excessive deformations. Deviations were also established that are a multiple of the limiting parameters normalized by the regulations, reduce the overall stability and rigidity of the building frame, contribute to the appearance of additional, unforeseen design loads on structures, increase the risk of structural failure and negatively affect the overall level of reliability.
Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that the use of modern electronic geodetic instruments can significantly expand the capabilities of engineers for technical control.
Keywords: geodetic devices, engineering construction, measurement, design solutions, reliability, operational condition, visual assessment, deformations.
EVALUATION OF ACCURACY OF DIGITAL TERRAIN MODELING METHODS BASED ON SPATIAL INTERPOLATION (Part 2)
Authors: Hunko I.
Published: May 2023

Digital terrain model (DTM) is an integral part of many geodetic works. It allows accurately reproducing the earth's surface in a digital form with varying levels of detail. One of the most significant problems in creating a DTM is the accuracy of reflecting the relief.
In the first part of the work, an analysis of methods that can more detailed reflect the relief was already conducted. For these purposes, the Surfer geoinformation package was selected, which offers a considerable number of methods based on the spatial interpolation algorithm. Although these methods have represented the same area with high detail, there is still a need to assess the accuracy of each method.
The purpose of this article is to assess the accuracy of methods for constructing a digital terrain model based on spatial interpolation. Since model accuracy is a crucial factor for many geodetic works, it is necessary to determine which methods are the most accurate and meet the requirements of different purposes of use. The accuracy assessment of methods will improve the efficiency of geodetic works and avoid errors and additional costs.
In the Surfer program, after constructing the DTM with each method, a report can be obtained containing the input values of points and the values obtained after interpolation with each method. This report is very useful for assessing the accuracy of each method since it allows understanding how well the model reflects the real relief. To assess the accuracy of each method, control points of the spatial variable Z were taken, and the values in these points were interpolated for each method. This assessment makes it possible to obtain a numerical characteristic of accuracy for each method and compare them with each other.
Based on the analysis conducted, it can be concluded that problematic areas were identified on a fragment of a topographic map, where there were insufficient input data for accurate interpolation. The result is not accurate and could be better with input data obtained from geodetic instruments and technologies such as GPS, lidar, etc.
The "Natural Neighbor" method performed the best in reproducing the digital elevation model on this hilly terrain. The application of the "Kriging," "Triangulation with Linear Interpolation," "Modified Shepard's Method," and "Radial Basic Function" methods provided fairly accurate interpolation. However, the "Minimum Curvature" method was found to be ineffective in hilly terrain as it did not provide accurate interpolation.
After conducting an accuracy assessment, it can be concluded that high-quality input data is an extremely important element in achieving more accurate results when creating a digital elevation model.
Keywords: digital elevation model, construction methods, spatial interpolation, geographic information system, Surfer.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CHARACTERISTICS OF CADASTRAL SYSTEMS OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES
Authors: Meteshkin K. , Pilicheva M. , Masliy L.
Published: May 2023

A modern cadastral system should include a legal, technical and economic component. The legal component determines information about owners and users taking into account the historical aspect of registration of property rights, the technical component should include data on the location of the land plot, its quantitative and qualitative indicators, and the economic component, in turn, forms an idea of the ways of using this land plot and its value. There are various types of land cadastral systems, which differ in their structure and functionality, so the study of their main characteristics is an urgent issue today. The purpose of this article is to determine the main characteristics and features of cadastral systems with the aim of improving the State Land Cadastre of Ukraine. Modern cadastral systems of the world are organized mainly by the land registration component. According to this feature, two main systems of securing rights to land ownership or real estate are distinguished: "Agreement system" and "Title system". The difference between the two concepts is related to the cultural development and judicial system of the country and is whether only the transaction is registered (deal system) or the title itself is registered and protected (title system). А comparative analysis of the developed and reliable European cadastral systems of Austria, Germany, Switzerland and France was performed. It was established that all considered cadastral systems have the same characteristics, such as: completeness and accuracy of geodata – presented in the form of a detailed cadastral map; accessibility and ease of use – access to cadastral systems is free and available to citizens; security level – modern technologies are used to protect data, including encryption and authentication of users; regularity of updates – usually once a year, and distinctive features, namely: variety of functions that they solve; various data collection systems are used; different level of integration with other systems.
Keywords: cadastral system, state land cadastre, geospatial data, land plot, geoportal.
Development of E-Learning-Based Blended Learning to Increase Student Learning Motivation During a Pandemic
Authors: Nugroho Eddy Prasetyo , Hidayat Kurniawan , Nurdin Enjang Ali
Published: May 2023

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, which began in early 2020, led to the need for online learning. This does not rule out the need for an e-learning media that requires a learning method that supports synchronous and asynchronous learning. Therefore it is necessary to develop e-learning based on blended learning that utilizes the potential of the features in the Moodle Learning Management System. The proposed development of potential features in Moodle is virtual conferences for synchronous learning and discussion forums for asynchronous learning. The use of e-learning based on blended learning aims to get good student learning motivation. To measure the impact of learning motivation, a questionnaire was administered to high school level students. The results of the questionnaire show online learning using other media such as Whatsapp groups without conducting face-to-face learning to get an average score of 1.85 which is a low criterion, while the results of the student learning motivation questionnaire after participating in e-learning based on blended learning get an average score of 3.39 which includes high criteria.
The Plantation Economy and Guyana’s Extractivism
Authors: Nurse Alyssa
Published: May 2023

The Plantation Economy school of thought has been somewhat absent from mainstream discourse surrounding development despite offering a critical lens to understand the Caribbean region's historical and contemporary economic conditions. This paper examines the extent to which Plantation Economy scholarship can explain the current production structure of Guyana's extractive oil and mineral industries. This is demonstrated through a historical recapitulation of the Plantation Economy’s theoretical underpinnings, situates the pertinent particulars regarding Guyana’s extractive industries and highlights the lack of inter-sectoral linkages, significant exploitative ownership agreements and skewed export dynamics that exist. The intention is to spark a resurgence in Plantation Economy scholarship, especially since its relevance remains as vital as ever in addressing the region's structural barriers to economic development.
Залишковий уміст металів (As, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn) в азотній і хлористоводневій кислотах для атомно-емісійної спектрометрії з індуктивно зв’язаною плазмою
Authors: Брицун В. М. , Череменко А. М. , Кузнецова О. М. , Очеретяна Н. М. , Мелешко Р. А. , Останіна Н. В.
Published: May 2023

У фармацевтичній галузі метод атомно-емісійної спектрометрії з індуктивно зв'язаною плазмою (ІЗП-АЕС) використовується для встановлення вмісту металів у лікарській сировині, субстанціях і готових лікарських формах, рослинних засобах, дієтичних добавках і в скляних контейнерах. Для випробовувань (пробопідготовки й аналізу) спектрометри ІЗП-АЕС потребують значну кількість неорганічних кислот (зазвичай азотної та хлористоводневої).

Мета дослідження – визначення залишкового вмісту металів – арсену (As), кадмію (Cd), свинцю (Pb), заліза (Fe), міді (Cu), цинку (Zn) у розчинах хлористоводневої й азотної кислот кваліфікації «о. с. ч.» і «ч. д. а.», які застосовуються для випробовувань методом ІЗП-АЕС. Обґрунтування можливостей вико- ристання для аналізів у ІЗП-АЕС розчинів комерційно доступніших кислот кваліфікації «ч. д. а.».

Методом ІЗП-АЕС встановлено, що концентрація домішок (As, Cd, Pb, Сu) у розведених 1 % хло- ристоводневій і 1 % азотній кислотах кваліфікації «ч. д. а.» зазвичай менше межі виявлення приладу. У випадку невеликого надлишку концентрації домішок (Fe, Zn) у холостому, стандартних і випробувальних розчинах він автоматично враховується та компенсується приладом. За необхідності можна застосовувати розчини з меншими концентраціями кислот (0,1–0,5 %).

Отже, розчини розведених 1 % хлористоводневої і 1 % азотної кислот кваліфікації «ч. д. а.» можливо використовувати для визначення кількісного вмісту As, Cd, Pb, Fe, Cu, Zn методом ІЗП-АЕС.
Predictive Value of D-dimer Levels for Detection of Left Atrial Thrombus in Patients with Rheumatic Severe Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Chowdhury Md Abidur Reza , Choudhury Amal Kumar , Rahman Zillur , Momen Abdul
Published: May 2023

Background: Systemic embolism is one of the most common complications of mitral stenosis (MS). Systemic embolism in patients with MS is caused by left atrial (LA) thrombus. Trans Esophageal Echocardiography (TEE) is considered the most reliable in ruling out LA thrombus, however, it is semi-invasive, operator-dependent, and not widely available. On the other hand, D-dimer is an indirect marker of fibrin formation. It reflects the activation of coagulation system.
Objective: To measure D-dimer levels in patients with and without LA thrombus and find out predictive value of D-dimer levels to detect LA thrombus.
Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study 50 patients with rheumatic severe mitral stenosis have been assessed. Patients underwent Trans Thoracic Echocardiography (TTE) and TEE to rule out LA thrombus. If TTE showed LA thrombus, TEE was not done. Patients were divided into two groups based on presence of LA thrombus; group I- patients with LA thrombus, and group II- patients without LA thrombus. D-dimer level was measured in two groups and comparison was done.
Results: D-dimer was significantly elevated in group I compared to group II (2.8±1.9 µg/ml vs. 0.43±0.13µg/ml, p<0.001). Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) Curve showed D-dimer level > 0.6 µg/ml can predict LA thrombus with sensitivity of 84% & specificity of 88%.
Conclusion: A higher level of D-dimer can predict LA thrombus in patients with rheumatic severe MS, and can be used as a noninvasive marker to rule out LA thrombus in patients with rheumatic severe MS.
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(3): 231-235
Identification and Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of Common and Rare Mutations in the Patients with Transfusion Dependent HbE/b and b-thalassemia in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Nazneen Naher , Das Shuvo Chandra , Hossain Mohabbat , Seuti Sabrina Alam , Sultana Razia , Chowdhury Mahmood Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Background: Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that affects hemoglobin’s structure and functions. Among several forms of this life-threatening disorder, HbE/β and β-thalassemia are most common in Bangladesh and worldwide as well. But the molecular and clinical data are not adequate regarding the underlying cause of this genetic disorder in Bangladesh. So, we aimed to identify the genetic mutations within β-globin gene (HBB) and to investigate the correlation of the mutations with HBB mRNA structure, gene transcription and hematological status among the patients with blood transfusion dependent HbE/β and β-thalassemia in Bangladesh.
Methods: A total of 40 blood samples were collected from the patients with blood transfusion dependent HbE/β and β-thalassemia prior to taking their consent. Detection of mutations within HBB gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction followed by Sanger DNA sequencing method. Identification and characterization of mutations along with their effects on HBB gene were analyzed by various bioinformatics approaches. In addition, complete blood count (CBC), and hemoglobin electrophoresis were done for hematological analysis.
Results: c.92+5G>C, c.79G>A and c.9T>C genetic mutations were identified within the HBB gene, where c.92+5G>C was the most common mutation among the study patients. Mutations along with hematological status and putative transcription factor binding sites revealed that the severity of the disease depends upon the mutation type and its location in the HBB gene sequence. In addition, mRNA structure analysis showed that the identified mutations contribute to its structural diversity by altering folding mechanism that ultimately affects the stability and function of the HBB protein among the patients with blood transfusion dependent HbE/β and β-thalassemia.
Conclusions: The study showed the underlying cause of HbE/β and β-thalassemia in genetic level by identifying rare and common mutations within HBB gene and their effects on with HBB gene transcription and mRNA structure. We hope study will contribute in designing effective molecular medicine and other therapeutics for the patients with HbE/β and β-thalassemia to improve their health condition.
Bangladesh Medical Res Counc Bull 2022; 48(3): 180-188
Criminal Liability and Viral Homicide – Can it Be Prosecuted as a Crime against Humanity?
Authors: Omerović Enis
Published: May 2023

Background: One of the current topics at the international level is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has changed the lives of all people globally and caused economic and human losses. In legal scientific discourse, there are repercussions.
Methods: To uncover scientific knowledge and results, the authors apply qualitative research methods such as content analysis, the legal dogmatic method, and methods of induction and deduction. Essential tools that authors use in this research are primary legal texts of the International Criminal Court (ICC ) and other international treaties, as well as the case law of the ICC, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the International Court of Justice (ICJ), ad hoc and internationalised and mixed (hybrid) tribunals, and secondary legal sources.
Results and Conclusions: This paper is based on the hypothetical situation of the deliberate creation and spread of a pandemic that resulted in enormous human losses. The authors examine the central question, which is whether viral homicide could be prosecuted as a crime against humanity before the ICC. The authors conclude that existing provisions of Art. 7 of the Rome Statute could not be interpreted so broadly as to encompass viral homicide as a crime against humanity. Expanding the scope of Art. 7 of the Rome Statute to cover viral homicide would violate basic principles of criminal law such as nullum crimen sine lege and lex certa.
Study of the Radiosensitizing Action of Lithium Ascorbate Under Neutron and Photon Irradiation of Tumor Cells
Authors: Tretyakova M. S. , Drozd A. G. , Belousov M. V. , Brazovskiy K. S. , Larkina M. S. , Krivoshchekov S. V. , Artamonov A. A. , Miloichikova I. A. , Bezmaga A. V. , Bolshakov A. M. , Sukhikh E. S. , Plotnikov E. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Radioresistance of cancer cells is a serious problem in radiation therapy of tumor diseases. Radiosensitizers make malignant cells more sensitive to radiation and increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy; however, their widespread clinical use is limited by significant side effects. The development and study of new radiosensitizers seems to be an urgent task of modern pharmacology.

Aim. The purpose of this work was to study the effectiveness of lithium ascorbate as a radiosensitizer under the influence of photon and neutron radiation in wide dose range.

Materials and methods. Evaluation of the biological effect was carried out using the tumor line of prostate cancer PC-3. We used a cyclotron to produce neutron radiation and a Cobalt-60 source to produce gamma radiation.

Results and discussion. We have proved an increase in the cytotoxic effect with the combined use of different types of ionizing radiation and lithium ascorbate. The resistance of the prostate cancer line to gamma radiation at an absorbed dose of 0.5–3.0 Gy was revealed. It was shown that tumor cells of prostate cancer are more sensitive to the effects of the study drug in minimal concentrations in combination with neutron irradiation compared to gamma radiation in the same absorbed dose. The main mechanism of the radiosensitizing action of lithium ascorbate is the local induction of oxidative stress, which synergistically enhances the action of ionizing radiation.

Conclusion. The combination of lithium ascorbate with neutron radiation leads to a more pronounced resulting cytotoxic effect. An increase in the concentration of lithium ascorbate led to the pro-oxidative action with an increase in the damaging effect on cells.
Regulation of the Launch of Orphan Drugs on the Market of the Eurasian Economic Union as a Mechanism to Increase the Availability of Treatment for Rare Diseases (Review)
Authors: Foteeva A. V. , Koneva N. A. , Beloglazova O. S. , Rostova N. B.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Providing high-quality, effective and safe drugs intended for the treatment of rare (orphan) diseases among the population of the Member States of the Union is one of the most significant and promising development vectors for manufacturers-developers. Ensuring the availability of medicines (MP) for patients suffering from rare diseases should be regulated by state incentives for the development and launch of orphan drugs on the market by domestic manufacturers through updating and timely updating of regulatory legal acts in the field of drug registration, as well as providing benefits when initiating the registration process.

Text. The article assessed the possibilities and prospects for the introduction of orphan drugs into circulation within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union for domestic manufacturers.

Conclusion. A review of the possibilities and prospects for launching orphan drugs for domestic manufacturers indicates the need to develop regulatory and legal regulation of aspects of pharmaceutical development in order to increase the availability of treatment for patients with rare diseases, both at the level of the Russian Federation and within the legal framework of the Eurasian Economic Space.
Molecular Docking: Methodological Approaches of Risk Assessment
Authors: Taldaev A. Kh. , Nikitin I. D. , Terekhov R. P. , Selivanova I. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Computational chemistry methods and, particularly, the noncovalent molecular docking are increasingly implemented into the practice of drug development. Previously, a risk management of potential biases did not applied for this relatively young research instrument.

Aim. The study objective was to design the risk assessment system for noncovalent molecular docking.

Materials and methods. The development of bias risk assessment system was based on the world's leading practices in noncovalent molecular docking.

Results and discussions. As a result of the deductive analysis of the molecular docking process, bias domains were identified and a risk-based algorithm was proposed, which was tested on a sample of articles obtained during a systematic review. A tendency to frequent limited provision of information on the methodology of the computational experiment, as well as on the application of practices proven to lead to irrelevant results of molecular docking, has been revealed.

Conclusion. The data obtained cannot be extrapolated to all studies that refer to the results of molecular modeling. However, through the proposed risk-based algorithm, the attention of researchers is focused on assessing the quality of such publications. We hope that the developed tool for bias risk assessment in noncovalent molecular docking will be finalized and eventually put into practice. It will possibly reduce the share of low-quality work in the field of drug development at the earliest stages.
Influence of Excipients and Pressing Force on the Impurity Content of N-(4-aminobenzoyl)-L-glutamic Acid in Folic Acid Drugs During Storage
Authors: Obraztsova N. A. , Samsonov A. A. , Kovtunenko M. A. , Shmeleva V. N. , Golubeva N. A.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Excipients, impurities contained in them, and sorbed water are one of the reasons for degradation of the active pharmaceutical substance (API). Excipients effect should be especially evaluated for moisture-sensitive APIs. Folic acid (FA) is an important vitamin for humans. It hydrolyze in water under the action of UV irradiation and main decomposition product is N-(p-aminobenzoyl)glutamic acid (impurity A). We found an increase in the content of impurity A during FA film-coated tablets storage in PVC-film and aluminum foil packaging in the absence of UV irradiation.

Aim. Investigate the effect of excipients and parameters of the production process on the content of impurity A during storage of FA drugs.

Materials and methods. The FA tablets containing 1.0 mg of API produced by direct compression technology were the objects of study. The pressing force (PF) was varied from 5 to 15 kN.

Results and discussion. We found that content of impurity A in tablets containing 93.0 % lactose monohydrate and obtained with PF above 10 kN exceeded limit value during storage for 300 days. Probably lactose simultaneously acts both as a source of free water and as a catalyst for FA hydrolysis. Since the interaction of lactose and FA occurs in the solid phase, pressing accelerates hydrolysis by increasing the contact area of substances and the mobility of water molecules.

Conclusion. We found that lactose monohydrate probably is the main cause of FA hydrolysis in drugs. Independently of the mechanism of its action, an increase in the PF above 10 kN leads to an increase in the rate of FA hydrolysis. This is due to an increase in the mobility of water molecules and the contact area between the excipient and API. We have selected the optimum pressure range (5–10 kN) for tablet mix containing lactose monohydrate and FA.
Application of Scanning Electron Microscopy to Study Morphological and Anatomical Features of Sea Buckthorn Leaves
Authors: Kovaleva N. A. , Trineeva O. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Scanning electron microscopy is a modern method that allows us to study not only the morphological features of objects, but also to conduct micro-X-ray structural analysis. Currently, the method is being actively introduced into the study of biological objects (including plant ones). Sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) leaves are a non-pharmacopoeial type of medicinal plant raw materials. Further study of the morphology, anatomy and phytochemical composition of leaves can contribute to the production of new, including combined, medicines, which will require the development of a pharmacopoeia article for this medicinal plant raw material.

Aim. The aim of the study was to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves by scanning electron microscopy.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was dried whole leaves of sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), collected in the Voronezh region in 2021 during the period of mass fruit maturity. To carry out the study by scanning electron microscopy, pieces of leaves were previously sprayed with gold on an automatic spraying unit Q150R ES (Quorum Technologies Ltd., United Kingdom) to increase conductivity. Micrographs were obtained using an electron microscope JSM-6510LV (JEOL Ltd., Japan).

Results and their discussion. The morphology and some features of the anatomical structure of sea buckthorn leaves were studied and the main microdiagnostic signs (surface character, types of trichomes, the presence of stomata) were clarified. The content of elements (silicon, potassium, aluminum, carbon and calcium) was determined during the microrentgenostructural analysis. Micrographs of pollen grains of the plant were obtained, the presence of the element iron in them was established.

Conclusion. For the first time, the method of scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphological and anatomical features of sea buckthorn leaves. The main diagnostic signs of leaves and their location have been clarified. It has been established that carbon predominates in the composition of the raw material elements, and calcium also accumulates. The accumulation of aluminum, silicon and potassium in numerous hairs densely covering the upper, and especially the lower, surfaces of the leaf blade is assumed. The morphology of the surface of pollen grains of sea buckthorn, having a spherical shape with a spiny shell, has been established. Pollen grains, in addition to carbon, are characterized by the accumulation of iron and silicon.
Method for Testing of Drugs Belonging to Substrates and Inhibitors of the Transporter Protein BCRP on Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Tranova Yu. S. , Slepnev A. A. , Chernykh I. V. , Shchulkin A. V. , Mylnikov P. Yu. , Popova N. M. , Povetko M. I. , Yakusheva E. N.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is an efflux membrane transporter that controls the pharmacokinetics of a large number of drugs. Its activity may change when taking some endo- and exogenous substances, thus making it a link in drug interactions.

Aim. The aim of the study was to develop a method for testing of drugs for belonging to BCRP substrates and inhibitors in vitro.

Materials and methods. The work was performed on Caco-2 cells overexpressing BCRP, the cultivation was performed in a transwell-system consisting of the apical and basolateral chambers. Cells were seeded at the bottom of the apical chamber, which is a semipermeable membrane. Primarily, the transport of BCRP substrates: methotrexate, mitoxantrone and quercetin was evaluated in the concentration range of 1, 5, 10, and 50 μM in the direction from the basal chamber to the apical one (Papp b-a) and in the opposite direction (Papp a-b). The ratio Papp b-a / Papp a-b more than «2» characterizes the participation of transporter proteins in the transcellular transport of substances. To confirm the participation of BCRP in their transport the experiment was carried out with the addition of a transporter inhibitor, reserpine, to the transport medium at a concentration of 50 μM. The concentration of substrates in the chambers was analyzed by HPLC-MS/MS.

Results and their discussion. The addition of methotrexate (1 μM), mitoxantrone (1 μM), and quercetin (1–10 μM) to both the apical or basolateral chambers of the transwell-system, their content in the recipient chamber was not detected. When methotrexate concentration became 5 μM the Papp b-a / Papp a-b ratio was 3.38 ± 0.08, which indicates the involvement of transporters in its transfer. The addition of methotrexate to the donor chamber at concentrations of 10 and 50 μM, Papp b-a / Papp a-b decreased to values below «2». At mitoxantrone concentration of 5 μM Papp b-a / Papp a-b was 2.72 ± 0.16. An increase in the concentration to 10 μM led to an increase in Papp b-a / Papp a-b to 6.18 ± 0.08. With a substance content of 50 μM the indicator decreased but remained above the value «2». In the quercetin concentration of 50 microns, Papp b-a / Papp was below "2". Reserpine reduced Papp b-a / Papp a-b of methotrexate by 3.31 times (p = 0.0002), which indicates the elimination of asymmetry in the transport of the substance. At a mitoxantrone concentration of 10 microns, reserpine reduced its Papp b-a / Papp a-b by 3.36 times (p < 0.0001). The results indicate the participation of BCRP in the control of the transfer of both substances through the cellular monolayer.

Conclusion. A method of testing drugs belonging to BCRP substrates and inhibitors using methotrexate (5 μM) and mitoxantrone (10 μM) as marker substrates and reserpine (50 μM) as inhibitor was developed and tested on Caco-2 cells.
Development and Validation of a Method for the Quantitative Determination of Etoricoxib in Liquid Dosage Form
Authors: Amandusova A. Kh. , Kovalenko A. E. , Morozov A. V. , Savelyeva K. R. , Batalova T. L. , Ostapyuk O. A. , Persanova L. V. , Andreevicheva T. Yu. , Beniashvili A. G. , Shestakov V. N. , Polyakov S. V.
Published: May 2023

Introduction. Etoricoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibitor used for the treatment of acute pain and has anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy. Etoricoxib causes fewer complications compared to other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). FSI "SID and GP" has developed an ophthalmic liquid dosage form based on etoricoxib. This article proposes a method for determining the content of etoricoxib in a liquid dosage form by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

Aim. Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of etoricoxib in liquid dosage form.

Materials and methods. Eye drops with a concentration of the active substance etoricoxib of 0.05 % were used for the analysis, a standard sample of etoricoxib (Kekule Pharma Limited, India, series ACE-3 WS001/15). Chromatographic separation performed on an Agilent 1220 Infinity II LC high performance liquid chromatograph (Agilent Technologies, USA) equipped with a gradient pump, a column thermostat, and a diode array detector. The analysis carried out on a Kromasil C8 column 250 × 4.6 mm, using acetonitrile and 0.05 M buffer solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate pH = 4.2 as a mobile phase in a ratio of 46 : 54. The analysis time was 15 minutes at a detection wavelength of 235 nm.

Results and discussion. A method for the quantitative determination of etoricoxib in a liquid dosage form developed and validated according to the following indicators: specificity, linearity, accuracy, range, intermediate precision, repeatability.

Conclusion. According to the results of validation tests, all of the listed parameters meet the acceptance criteria. The proposed method characterize by high efficiency and specificity.
Literasi Membaca Permulaan Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun Melalui Media Papan Kata Di TK Mekar Wangi Desa Botubarani
Authors: Abdul Wahab Nur Anisa , Monika Herwin Ida , Idirani Cindra E , Puspa Pupung
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan melalui media papan kata pada anak Kelompok A di TK Mekar Wangi. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya kemampuan anak dalam membaca permulaan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan menggunakan model penelitian Kuntitatif yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus.pada siklus I sebanyak 5 kali tindakan dan siklus 2 sebanyak 3 kali tindakan, dengan kriteria keberhasilan 75%. Setiap siklus pada setiap pertemuannya terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian yaitu 17 anak kelompok A. objek penelitian yakni kemampuan membaca permulaan. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini yaitu observasi, catatan lapangan, catatan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa instrumen lembar observasi yang berbentuk check list. Indikator yang diteliti yakni indikator kemampuan menyebutkan lambang bunyi huruf, indikator menyebutkan fonem yang sama, dan indikator membaca kata. Analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media papan kata dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca pemulaan. Pada tahap pra tindakan persentase rata-rata ketercapaian anak baru mencapai persentasi 28,21%. Pada pelaksanaan Siklus I persentase yang dicapai sebesar 50,78%, dan pencapaian kemampuan membaca pemulaan pada siklus II sebesar 75,83%. Peningkatan dari pratindakan ke Siklus I sebesar 23,76% dan peningkatan dari Siklus I ke Siklus II sebesar 24,86%. Ber-dasarkan data yang telah diperoleh maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan media papan kata dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan anak kelompok A di TK Mekar Wangi di Desa Botubarani. Kata Kunci: Media Papan Kata, Membaca Permulaan, Anak usia 4-5 tahun
Implementasi Pendekatan Behavioristik Terhadap Penyesuaian Diri Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sari Yulia Novita ,   Universitas Khairun, Fahjriani N Dyla , Jariah Nurul , Sultoni Agus
Published: May 2023

Penyesuaian diri anak usia dini adalah suatu kegiatan yang meliputi respon mental serta perilaku yang mana anak usia dini berusaha untuk bisa mengatasi kebutuhan yang ada dalam dirinya. Kenyataanya di lapangan tidak semua anak usia dini memiliki kemampuan dalam penyesuaian diri di lingkungannya seperti: masih banyak anak menangis dan tidak mau masuk sekolah, takut bertemu dengan teman, guru atau orang lain yang belum dikenal, minta ditemani orang tua atau pengasuh. Pendekatan behavioristik dalam membantu penyesuaian diri pada anak usia dini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan stimulus respon dalam mengubah tingkah laku anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Library Research merupakan metode penelitian dimana dalam proses pencarian, mengumpulkan dan menganalisis sumber data untuk diolah dan disajikan dalam bentuk laporan penelitian kepustakaan dengan beragam topik yang diperlukan. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan pendekatan behavioristik memberikan dampak yang positif pada penyesuaian diri anak usia dini jika dilakukan secara konsisten. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa penyesuaian diri pada anak usia dini dibutuhkan dalam melakukan adaptasi di lingkungannya untuk membantu tugas perkembangan yang optimal, peranan orang tua sangat berpengaruh untuk mengembangkan penyesuaian diri anak, pendekatan behavioristik merupakan intervensi dalam dalam membantu penyesuaian diri anak usia dini dengan penerapan secara teus menerus dan berulang-ulang.
Physical activity based on manipulative exercise: how it affects the gross motor of children with autism for 12 years old?
Authors: Phytanza Diajeng Tyas Pinru , Burhaeın Erick , Lourenço Carla Cristina Vieira , Pavlovıc Ratko
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of manipulative exercise on gross motor ability in students with grade V autism at SDLB who are 12 years old. The method and design used in this study is single-subject research using an Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) design. Researchers use test techniques in the form of instruments that use an event score recording system by providing checks/notes on paper that have been provided for each event or behavior that occurs up to a predetermined period. Data collection is carried out by observation and documentation techniques which are then analyzed using visual analysis under conditions. The results of this study provide a conclusion that manipulative exercises have an influence on the gross motor ability of students with autism, so manipulative exercises can be used as an alternative to improving gross motor ability. This success may be influenced by several other factors that limit this study such as social, cultural, linguistic, and possibly even genetic characteristics that can be used for further study. The recommendation for further research is to conduct further research by paying attention to the limitations of this research.
Una revisión sistemática respecto de la cultura organizacional y la génesis del sindrome de burnout
Authors: Oliveira Marcia Silva de , Cardoso Neto Antonio da Costa
Published: May 2023

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar si la cultura organizacional puede, de hecho, generar un impacto directo en la salud mental y física del empleado, facilitando el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout. Así, se intentó esclarecer, a través de estudios previamente publicados, la situación de los ambientes de trabajo de los profesionales de la salud y la educación; con el fin de observar si estos pueden afectar la salud de los actores al punto que desarrollen el síndrome de burnout. De esta forma, se realizó una revisión sistemática, con el objetivo de definir lo previamente especificado, y entender qué se puede hacer para mitigar esta situación. Se definieron algunos artículos para la construcción de la introducción, para una mejor comprensión del tema y, como material de discusión, se seleccionaron ocho estudios, que abordan tanto la propia visión de los profesionales sobre el tema, como también destacan las principales causas de este guión. En este contexto, fue posible inferir que se trata de un problema de extrema gravedad y urgencia, sujeto a una mayor atención organizacional/profesional.
White perch health relative to urbanization and habitat degradation in Chesapeake Bay tributaries. II. Hepatic and splenic macrophage aggregates
Authors: Matsche MA , Blazer VS , Pulster EL
Published: May 2023

Macrophage aggregate (MA) abundance in fish is a useful general biomarker of contaminant exposures and environmental stress. Hepatic and splenic MAs were evaluated in semi-anadromous white perch Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789) from the urbanized Severn River (S) and the more rural Choptank River (C), Chesapeake Bay. Fish were collected from different sites in the annual migratory circuit in each river that corresponded to active spawning in late winter-early spring, summer regenerating, autumn developing, and winter spawning-capable phases. An age-associated progressive increase in the total volume of MAs (MAV) was evident in the liver and spleen. Mean hepatic MAV (range in seasonal means, C: 6.4-23.1 mm3; S: 15.7-48.7 mm3) and mean splenic MAV (C: 7.3-12.6 mm3; S: 16.0-33.0 mm3) differed significantly among seasons and were significantly greater in females and in Severn River fish. Age and river were the most influential factors, suggesting that increased MAV in Severn River fish resulted from chronic exposures to higher concentrations of environmental contaminants. Hepatic MAV was directly related to the relative volume of copper granules in the liver. Less influential factors on splenic MAV included fish condition, trematode infections, and granulomas, indicating possible functional differences in MAs by organ. While organ volumes were strongly linked to gonadosomatic index (GSI) and reproductive phase, the reason for seasonal differences in MAV was less clear. Water temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were not significantly related to MAV, and indicators of reproductive phase (hepatosomatic index and GSI) were significant but less important in explaining variation in MAV.
Spatial segregation between phenotypes of the diablotin black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata during the non-breeding period
Authors: Satgé YG , Keitt BS , Gaskin CP , Patteson JB , Jodice PGR
Published: May 2023

Despite growing support for ecosystem-based approaches, conservation is mostly implemented at the species level. However, genetic differentiation exists within this taxonomic level, putting genetically distinct populations at risk of local extinction. In the diablotin black-capped petrel Pterodroma hasitata, an endangered gadfly petrel endemic to the Caribbean, 2 phenotypes have been described: a smaller dark form and a heavier light form, which are genetically distinct. To assess possible differences in the marine distributions of phenotypes, in May 2019, we captured 5 adult black-capped petrels of each phenotype at sea in the western North Atlantic and equipped them with satellite transmitters. We used generalized linear mixed models to test the importance of phenotype on geographic distribution. Using kernel density estimations, we located use areas, quantified spatial overlap between forms, and assessed form-specific exposure to marine threats. Petrels were tracked for 11 to 255 d (mean ± SD: 102.1 ± 74.2 d). During the non-breeding period, all individuals ranged from 28.4 to 43.0° latitude. Phenotypes had significantly distinct non-breeding distributions, independent of time of year. The dark form used waters of the Carolinian marine ecoregion, and the light form used pelagic waters of the Virginian ecoregion, to the north. The dark form was more exposed to marine threats than the light form, in particular to mercury, microplastics, and marine traffic. The light form overlapped with proposed wind energy areas off the central US coast. These differences in exposure suggest possible differences in vulnerability, which can have repercussions on the viability of this imperiled species.