bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fictional Literature, Classification and Indexing
Authors: Saarti Jarmo
Published: August 2019

Fiction content analysis and retrieval are interesting specific topics for two major reasons: 1) the extensive use of fictional works; and, 2) the multimodality and interpretational nature of fiction. The primary challenge in the analysis of fictional content is that there is no single meaning to be analysed; the analysis is an ongoing process involving an interaction between the text produced by author, the reader and the society in which the interaction occurs. Furthermore, different audiences have specific needs to be taken into consideration. This article explores the topic of fiction knowledge organization, including both classification and indexing. It provides a broad and analytical overview of the literature as well as describing several experimental approaches and developmental projects for the analysis of fictional content. Traditional fiction indexing has been mainly based on the factual aspects of the work; this has then been expanded to handle different aspects of the fictional work. There have been attempts made to develop vocabularies for fiction indexing. All the major classification schemes use the genre and language/culture of fictional works when subdividing fictional works into subclasses. The evolution of shelf classification of fiction and the appearance of different types of digital tools have revolutionized the classification of fiction, making it possible to integrate both indexing and classification of fictional works.
Anforderungen an eine integrierte Risikosteuerung für öffentliche Unternehmen
Authors: Krause Tobias , Sy Lucas , von Löwenstein Marcus Coorssen
Published: August 2019

Öffentliche Aufgaben werden häufig in staatseigene Unternehmen ausgegliedert. Insbesondere strategische Vorhaben wie eine einheitliche IT-Beschaffung oder die Konsolidierung des IT-Betriebs werden durch öffentliche Unternehmen auf Bundesebene vorangetrieben. Jedoch gelingt es der Bundesverwaltung nur selten, eine ausreichende Transparenz über die Risiken dieser ausgegliederten Einheiten herzustellen. Zum Umgang mit Unternehmensrisiken in öffentlichen Beteiligungen skizzieren die Autoren die Grundzüge einer integrierten Risikosteuerung für die öffentliche Hand. Im Kontext spezifischer Problemlagen werden entsprechende Anforderungen ausformuliert und die wichtigsten Schnittstellen zum Gesellschafter beschrieben. Letztlich werden die zentralen Elemente zusammengefasst, Limitationen aufgezeigt und Implikationen für Wissenschaft und Praxis abgeleitet.
Involvement of the Areae Compositae of the Heart in Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus
Authors: Abreu-Velez Ana Maria , Upegui-Zapata Yulieth A. , Valencia-Yepes Carlos A. , Upegui-Quiceno Eduardo , Jiménez-Echavarría Alejandra M. , Niño-Pulido César D. , Smoller Bruce R. , Howard Michael S.
Published: August 2019

Background: A new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre (El Bagre-EPF), Colombia, South America, shares features with Senear-Usher syndrome and occurs in an endemic fashion. Patients affected by El Bagre-EPF have heterogeneous antigenic reactivity not only to the skin but to other organs, including the heart. Here we test for autoantibodies to the areae compositaeof the heart (structure consisting of typical desmosomal amalgamated fascia adherensmolecules)and evaluate any possible clinical correlation.
Methods: A case-control study comparing 45 patients and 45 controls from the endemic area, matched by demographics including age, gender, weight, work activities, and comorbidities, was performed. Direct and indirect immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopic studies, and echocardiogram studies were completed.
Results: The main clinical abnormally seen in the El Bagre-EPF patients was left ventricular hypertrophy in 15/45 patients, compared with no such findings in the control population (P < 0.1). Seventy percent of El Bagre-EPF patients and none of the controls displayed polyclonal autoreactivity using different immunoglobulins and complement to the areae compositae of the heart using different methods and antibodies (P < 0.1).
Conclusions: Patients affected by El Bagre-EPF demonstrated autoantibodies to the areae compositae of the heart. This finding was associated with left ventricular hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.The areae compositaemay play a role incell junction tension and the El Bagre-EPF patients’ autoantibodies possibly disrupting these junctions and thereby contributing to the left ventricular hypertrophy.
Disseminate Recurrent Folliculitis and Hidradenitis Suppurativa Are Associated Conditions: Results From a Retrospective Study of 131 Patients With Down Syndrome and a Cohort of 12,351 Pediatric Controls
Authors: Sechi Andrea , Guglielmo Alba , Patrizi Annalisa , Savoia Francesco , Cocchi Guido , Leuzzi Miriam , Chessa Marco A.
Published: August 2019

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, recurrent skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit characterized by protean manifestations. Several studies have found an increased incidence and earlier presentation of this disease in patients carrying trisomy 21. Patients with Down syndrome (DS) have a higher risk of developing a wide range of cutaneous manifestations, including HS and chronic folliculitis. Recently, disseminate recurrent folliculitis (DRF) has been reported as an atypical monosymptomatic feature of HS at its onset.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of HS and DRF by comparing a cohort of patients carrying trisomy 21 vs pediatric controls.

Methods: A retrospective 2-year monocentric clinical study was performed by collecting clinical data of 131 patients with DS, aged 4-36 years, followed at the Dermatology Unit and Down Syndrome Regional Center of Bologna University. Data were matched with those coming from 12,351 pediatric controls.

Results: In DS patients, DRF and HS showed a prevalence of, respectively, 6.8% and 24.4%, while 5.3% of patients presented both diseases. In the control group the prevalence for HS+ and DRF+ was 0.5% and 1.2%, respectively, with a 0.14% of overlap cases. The association between HS and DRF proved to be statistically significant in both groups (P < 0.05). In the DS cohort the mean age of symptoms onset was 15.67 (SD: 2.29) years for HS and 13.11 (SD: 4.93) years for DRF. Buttocks were the most frequently affected body area for DRF followed by the inguinocrural area, while in HS buttocks were less frequently involved than groins and upper thighs.

Conclusions: Because of the later onset of HS, patients with DRF at an early age should be monitored for the possible onset of HS in the apocrine-bearing areas.
Effects of a 1-Day Training Course in Dermoscopy Among General Practitioners
Authors: Augustsson Anna , Paoli John
Published: August 2019

Background: General practitioners (GPs) are often the first point of contact for Swedish patients seeking medical advice for skin lesions of concern, but many lack training in dermoscopy.

Objective: To examine the effects of a 1-day training course in dermoscopy among Swedish GPs.

Methods: The intervention group consisted of GPs who underwent a 1-day training course in dermoscopy and a control group that did not undergo any education. Before the training course, the intervention group performed a test consisting of 30 dermoscopy cases including 9 different benign and malignant melanocytic and nonmelanocytic diagnoses. The participants then took the same test directly after the course and again after 6 months. The control group took the same test twice with a 6-month interval in between tests in order to avoid recall bias.

Results: Twenty-seven GPs in the intervention group took the test before and immediately after the course with an improvement of their median test scores by 8 points (13 vs 20 correct answers, P < 0.01). Eighteen participants also took the test a third time after 6 months with similar results compared with the second test (median scores of 20.5 vs 20.0, P = 0.3). In the control group, 16 persons preformed both tests with an improvement of their median score by 2 points (13.5 vs 15.5 correct answers, P = 0.06).

Conclusions: The results of this study show positive effects on diagnostic accuracy in a test situation among GPs receiving a 1-day training course in dermoscopy.
Justice for Alan Kurdi?
Authors: Armour Ellen T. ,   DePaul University
Published: August 2019

Photographs of the body of a drowned three-year-old Kurdish boy from Syria washed up on a Turkish beach encapsulated the plight of refugees fleeing the (so-called) civil war in Syria with particular pathos and power. Through what these photographs index, this essay considers what they open up and open on to: the philosophical problematics embedded in the political issues the refugee crisis raises. These issues and problematics are rendered legible in Jacques Derrida’s recently published seminar on the death penalty and in his reflections on cosmopolitanism. Together, they prompt further reflections on what I call spectatorial responsibility as a potential cosmopolitical site.
Differential Diagnosis of Epithelioid Malignant Mesothelioma With Lung and Breast Pleural Metastasis: A Systematic Review Compared With a Standardized Panel of Antibodies—A New Proposal That May Influence Pathologic Practice
Authors: Le Stang Nolwenn , Burke Louise , Blaizot Gaetane , Gibbs Allen R. , Lebailly Pierre , Clin Bénédicte , Girard Nicolas , Galateau-Sallé Françoise ,   for the MESOPATH and EURACAN networks
Published: August 2019

Context.—

Pleural mesothelioma is a rare cancer with an often-challenging diagnosis because of its potential to be a great mimicker of many other tumors. Among them, primary lung and breast cancers are the 2 main causes of pleural metastasis. The development and application of targeted therapeutic agents have made it even more important to achieve an accurate diagnosis. In this setting, international guidelines have recommended the use of 2 positive and 2 negative immunohistochemical biomarkers.

Objectives.—

To define the most highly specific and sensitive minimum set of antibodies for routine practice to use for the separation of epithelioid malignant mesothelioma from lung and breast metastasis and to determine the most relevant expression cutoff.

Design.—

To provide information at different levels of expression of 16 mesothelial and epithelial biomarkers, we performed a systematic review of articles published between 1979 and 2017, and we compared those data to results from the Mesothelioma Telepathology Network (MESOPATH) of the standardized panel used in routine practice database since 1998.

Results.—

Our results indicate that the following panel of markers—calretinin (poly)/thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1; clone 8G7G3/1) and calretinin (poly)/estrogen receptor-α (ER-α; clone EP1)—should be recommended; ultimately, based on the MESOPATH database, we highlight their relevance which are the most sensitive and specific panel useful to the differential diagnosis at 10% cutoff.

Conclusions.—

Highlighted by their relevance in the large cohort reported, we recommend 2 useful panels to the differential diagnosis at 10% cutoff.
ACRL Guidelines: Guidelines for instruction programs in academic libraries: Draft
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL Guidelines: Guidelines for instruction programs in academic libraries: Draft
Letter
Authors: Stoffle Carla
Published: August 2019

Letter
Conference Circuit: Facing the challenge of democratization
Authors: Smith Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

Conference Circuit: Facing the challenge of democratization
ACRL Annual Report 1995-96: Every Librarian a Leader
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL Annual Report 1995-96: Every Librarian a Leader
ACRL develops leaders in New York
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL develops leaders in New York
Choosing Our Futures: Nashville: Music city— and more!
Authors: Hallblade Shirley
Published: August 2019

Choosing Our Futures: Nashville: Music city— and more!
1996-97 Annual Report: Librarians as Leaders
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

1996-97 Annual Report: Librarians as Leaders
CHOOSING OUR FUTURES: The “Nashville Sound”: A guide to live music
Authors: Hallblade Shirley
Published: August 2019

CHOOSING OUR FUTURES: The “Nashville Sound”: A guide to live music
ACRL Annual Report 1997-98
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL Annual Report 1997-98
CLASSIFIED Ads
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

CLASSIFIED Ads
Annual Report 1998-1999 leadership and learning
Authors: College & Research Libraries Association of
Published: August 2019

Annual Report 1998-1999 leadership and learning
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: Immersion 2000
Authors: McAndrew Rosemary
Published: August 2019

CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: Immersion 2000
CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: The 13th annual Interagency Depository Seminar 2000
Authors: Henriques Charmaine
Published: August 2019

CONFERENCE CIRCUIT: The 13th annual Interagency Depository Seminar 2000
ACRL conferences enhance your effectiveness
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL conferences enhance your effectiveness
Washington Hotline
Authors: Bradley Lynne E.
Published: August 2019

Washington Hotline
Brown University Library meets the preservation challenge
Authors: Shoaf Eric C.
Published: August 2019

Brown University Library meets the preservation challenge
INTERNET RESOURCES: Diversity Web sources in higher education
Authors: Schreiber Mae N. , Juedes Donald R. , Norlin Elaina , Rhodes Gloria , Whitmire Ethelene
Published: August 2019

INTERNET RESOURCES: Diversity Web sources in higher education
ACRL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES: Faculty status and collective bargaining: Drafts
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

ACRL STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES: Faculty status and collective bargaining: Drafts
Genre romanesque et romanesque cinématographique
Authors: Gris Fabien
Published: August 2019

On a l’habitude d’évoquer un retour du romanesque pour qualifier la littérature narrative française depuis les années 1980. Ce retour a été favorisé, entre autres, par un tropisme du roman vers le cinéma, et notamment vers ses genres populaires. La question du genre littéraire et celle du cinéma trouveraient un point d’intersection dans cette notion de « romanesque », comprise dans ses deux sens : ce qui relève du genre du roman et ce qui relève d’un certain foisonnement fictionnel. Néanmoins, pendant trente ans, ce retour au romanesque s’est effectué de façon critique ou distanciée, comme si l’objet demeurait toujours partiellement suspect. Or nous faisons l’hypothèse d’une récente modification de perspective. Cette voie serait le fait d’une partie de la nouvelle génération d’écrivains, qui semble aujourd’hui se tourner notamment vers le cinéma de genre et l’imaginaire des blockbusters hollywoodiens pour nourrir sa quête romanesque. « Quête », car la particularité de ce nouveau romanesque est qu’il s’énonce sous la modalité du désir, du fantasme, objet visé mais jamais pleinement atteint. Magie industrielle de Patrice Blouin et L’étoile du Hautacam de Pierric Bailly sont des oeuvres représentatives de ce nouveau désir de romanesque placé sous l’influence du blockbuster contemporain.
Du récit épique à la construction d’un ethos d’auteur
Authors: Cohen Nadja
Published: August 2019

Considérés par les chercheurs en cinéma comme de simples documents éclairant la genèse d’un film, et largement ignorés par les littéraires, même dans le cadre des études sur les rapports entre l’écrit et l’écran, les journaux de tournage n’ont jusqu’à présent donné lieu qu’à quelques études ponctuelles. En raison de leur instabilité générique et de leur hétérogénéité, ils ont, en outre, rarement été envisagés comme un ensemble cohérent. Cet article explore cette question générique en analysant trois d’entre eux : le vibrant Journal d’un film écrit par Cocteau pendant le tournage de La Belle et la Bête ; celui tenu par François Truffaut sur le plateau de Fahrenheit 451, ainsi que Pas à pas dans la brume électrique où Bertrand Tavernier raconte la fabrique de son film Dans la brume électrique. Après avoir étudié l’inscription parfois malaisée de ces textes dans un contexte éditorial, cette étude met en évidence leur parenté sur deux plans : tonal d’une part, les tournages étant présentés comme des aventures collectives aux accents souvent épiques, pragmatique ensuite, en montrant que l’écriture diariste offre aux auteurs un espace privilégié d’affirmation de leur éthos de créateur.
Charlot, une source d’inspiration pour Henri Michaux
Authors: Gillain Nathalie
Published: August 2019

Henri Michaux compte parmi ces écrivains qui, au début du xxe siècle, refusent de reproduire aveuglément les codes génériques fixés par la tradition littéraire. Cependant, il ne croit pas en la possibilité d’écrire sans être influencé par ceux-ci ; ainsi, plutôt que de feindre l’oubli, l’écrivain prend le parti d’écrire contre les genres, c’est-à-dire de les attaquer, par les moyens conjugués de la déformation expressive et du court-circuitage. Cet article montre que Michaux élabore ces procédés en se donnant, comme horizon d’écriture, le rythme trépidant du slapstick américain et, plus particulièrement, les mouvements simples mais subversifs du personnage incarné par Charlie Chaplin. En analysant des extraits de ses premiers recueils (Plume, Mes propriétés, Ecuador) à la lumière d’articles sur le cinéma écrits peu avant, nous démontrons en effet que les stratégies énonciatives mises au point par Michaux pour déjouer la reproduction des genres littéraires sont inspirées par les gestes à la fois agressifs et indifférents que Charlot oppose aux conduites réglées par les conventions sociales. Dès 1924, l’écrivain partant en guerre contre les genres s’identifie au personnage de Chaplin et multiplie impassiblement, comme lui, les gestes d’agression envers les représentants de l’ordre. À l’image de Charlot, qui fait basculer d’un coup de pied le corps d’un agent de police, l’écrivain renverse les modèles génériques en prenant la littérature par-dessus la jambe et fait ainsi de la désinvolture, sinon de l’indifférence, sa marque de fabrique : il ne s’agit pas simplement d’écrire vite, pour traduire les mouvements du corps et de la matière pensante, mais aussi de porter atteinte aux modèles littéraires par un geste impulsif, qu’on peut assimiler à une rature.
Religion and Sex Crimes in Baroque Spain
Authors: Nelson Bradley J.
Published: August 2019

The focus of this essay is Zayas’s use of the Ave Maria, a hymn or prayer that celebrates the immaculate purity of God’s chosen vessel for the birth of Christ and then pleads with her to “pray for us sinners now and in the hour of our death”. I will claim that Zayas’s arguably blasphemous use of the religious hymn, which is situated within her ironic use of the Christian theology of revelation, pulls the curtain back on a morally bankrupt aristocratic class that has bent theological thought and religious ritual toward the perpetuation and defense of sexual violence in early modern Spanish social and political institutions.
Au nom de la relation
Authors: Perreault Stéphane , Falardeau Marie-Chantal , Guèvremont Jeanne
Published: August 2019

Considérant la chanson comme un acte de communication (Lasswell 1948), l’objectif de cet article est d’examiner, de façon qualitative et inductive, le contenu religieux et non religieux ainsi que le contexte relationnel qui sous-tend les paroles des hymnes nationaux de 195 pays. À cet effet, nos résultats indiquent que la religion est mentionnée dans deux tiers des paroles des hymnes nationaux du monde. De plus, quatre types de relations semblent être présents au sein de celles-ci, soit des relations intragroupes, intergroupes et parasociales (une avec le pays et l’autre avec une entité religieuse). Finalement, nos analyses qualitatives permettent de préciser que les deux relations parasociales se déclinent comme reflétant une relation asymétrique complémentaire. Nous discutons ces résultats à la lumière de l’idée que l’identité se construit d’une manière relationnelle.
Le phallus en forme de Dieu
Authors: Smialek Eric
Published: August 2019

Grâce aux réseaux par Internet, les fans et les musiciens de métal chrétien ont conçu diverses stratégies pour concilier leur identité religieuse avec leur identité sous-culturelle face à l’opposition du milieu international de la musique métal et de la droite chrétienne conservatrice. Pour étudier ces différents contextes, j’ai appliqué les théories de la formation de l’identité de la théorie de la psychanalyse (Lacan 2006 [1966]) à trois cas d’utilisation par des chrétiens de la musique métal en lien avec le culte : par le moine capucin et chanteur Cesare Bonizzi, par les groupes de métal extrême chrétien, comme Mortification (deathmétal chrétien) et Horde (unblackmétal), et dans le cadre des cérémonies religieuses appelées « messes métal » organisées en Finlande et en Colombie. En comparant le discours et les paroles de ces groupes aux débats des fans, j’ai examiné comment ces derniers et les musiciens du genre métal chrétien perçoivent leurs Autres musicaux et religieux, ainsi que la manière dont ces perceptions influent sur la conscience qu’ils ont d’eux-mêmes.
Black Metal’s Apophatic Curse
Authors: Scott Niall
Published: August 2019

Black metal uses negative language and negation as affirmation in the opposite direction to the Christian mystical tradition. Here, I argue that black metal completes the direction of negation to its proper conclusion in a turning away from God rather than using negative language to eulogise God. My first claim is that all worship is a form of curse, where negative theology demonstrates the inadequacy of language in its attempt to attest to the very thing it aims to affirm. I maintain that black metal demonstrates a consistency in apophatic thought where the mystical approach of Pseudo Denys and Meister Eckhart fail. Applying Milem’s desire theory and renunciation theory, and using lyrics from black metal bands, I argue that rather than negating the self, black metal’s apophatic approach reaffirms the self’s material existence in opposition to God. The affirmation rooted in negation of the bounded physical nature of humanity is the source from which a curse against the Christian God emanates.
“Like a Half-Crushed Worm”
Authors: Butler Daniel G.
Published: August 2019

This paper turns to Arizona-based band Nuclear Death (1985-2000) as a case of apophatic aesthetics in extreme metal. Amador Vega’s “apophatic aesthetics” offers a framework for theorizing formlessness as preamble to form’s emergence. Emergent forms of “love” and “justice” in Nuclear Death’s work are discussed in reference to Michele Toscan’s biographical sketch of the band. Invoking the concepts of affliction and negative capability, and their respective elaboration by philosopher-mystic Simone Weil and psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion, I argue Nuclear Death do not praise or curse God, but dwell in God’s absence, suffering a state of affliction that leaves the listener “struggling on the ground like a half-crushed worm.” Bion’s negative capability and Weil’s emphasis on self-annihilation are cast as ascending and descending views of desire, and together accent different aspects of Nuclear Death’s first two albums, Bride of Insect (1990) and Carrion for Worm (1991). Lastly, I suggest that Nuclear Death invite a tragicomic response to the absurdity of affliction, which contrasts with the solemnity found in Weil’s and Bion’s works.
Vox dei, Vox demonium
Authors: Wallin Jason
Published: August 2019

Vox dei, vox demonium marks a cursory attempt to consider a kind of “sound thinking” largely singular to horror film. The essay focuses in particular on the status of “metaphysical subjectivity” as it is modulated by the “sound thinking” of such horror films as The Exorcist, The Amityville Horror, and The Exorcism of Emily Rose, amongst others dealing specifically with audio conceptualizations of demonic possession and invocation.
A Comparison of Automobile Insurance Regimes in Canada
Authors: Devlin Rose Anne
Published: August 2019

This article compares and contrasts automobile insurance provisions across Canadian jurisdictions, with particular emphasis on comparing how British Columbia (BC) fares relative to other provinces. A brief discussion of the different automobile insurance regimes is provided, as well as the mandated packages in each province. Price quotes are obtained by jurisdiction for the mandated package as well as for enhanced packages, for a hypothetical driver (either male of female) with a driving record that is good or poor, who is 45 years of age and drives a Honda Civic. We find that prices in Vancouver, BC are in the middle of the pack, and are much lower than in Toronto, Ontario for a driver with a good record. BC average prices are similar to those in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Loss ratios vary quite a bit over the period 2011-2015, with no clear pattern except that they are always higher in public regimes than private ones. Because these ratios fluctuate from year to year, no one single province has performed consistently or significantly better than the others. One must be very careful when drawing hard and fast conclusions because of the differences in insurance packages across provinces and the aggregated and limited nature of much of the available data. Four conclusions are notable: (i) Automobile prices charged in BC are in line with those of Manitoba, (ii) a driver in Vancouver pays significantly less than an otherwise comparable driver in Toronto, (iii) in the private system, Ontario has the lowest loss ratios while, in the public system, there is no discernable, stable, relationship across the jurisdictions, and (iv) average claim costs cannot be compared across regimes.
Effect of Exercise Interventions on Anxiety in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gascoyne Claudia , Karahalios Amalia , Demaneuf Thibaut , Marck Claudia
Published: August 2019

Background:

Evidence suggests that exercise can alleviate symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, it is unclear whether exercise alleviates symptoms of anxiety, present in one-third of people with MS. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates whether exercise interventions are effective in reducing anxiety in people with MS.

Methods:

CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register were searched to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to March 30, 2018. The primary outcome was postintervention difference in anxiety scores between intervention and control groups. Using a restricted maximum likelihood random-effects model, standardized mean differences were pooled and heterogeneity was estimated. Risk of bias was assessed using an a priori modified Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool.

Results:

Four RCTs with 133 participants were included. Exercise type included walking, aerobic activities, and cycling. Intervention duration ranged from 8 to 26 weeks. The pooled standardized mean difference in anxiety score was −0.16 (95% CI, −0.50 to 0.19), without heterogeneity. Two studies had high risk of bias, and two had some risk of bias.

Conclusions:

Based on available RCT data, exercise does not seem to have an effect on anxiety in people with MS. These results should be interpreted with caution because studies had concerns of bias and small sample sizes, and anxiety was not the primary outcome measure. Future studies should exhibit sufficient reporting standards, alongside publishing protocols. There is opportunity to investigate the effect of exercise in people with MS experiencing clinically relevant levels of anxiety rather than in the general MS population.
12 Grand challenges in single-cell data science
Authors: Laehnemann David , Köster Johannes , Szczurek Ewa , McCarthy Davis J , Hicks Stephanie C , Robinson Mark D , Vallejos Catalina A , Beerenwinkel Niko , Campbell Kieran R , Mahfouz Ahmed , Pinello Luca , Skums Pavel , Stamatakis Alexandros , Stephan-Otto Attolini Camille , Aparicio Samuel , Baaijens Jasmijn , Balvert Marleen , de Barbanson Buys , Cappuccio Antonio , Corleone Giacomo , Dutilh Bas , Florescu Maria , Guryev Victor , Holmer Rens , Jahn Katharin , Jessurun Lobo Thamar , Keizer Emma M , Khatri Indu , Kiełbasa Szymon M , Korbel Jan O , Kozlov Alexey M , Kuo Tzu-Hao , Lelieveldt Boudewijn PF , Mandoiu Ion I , Marioni John C , Marschall Tobias , Mölder Felix , Niknejad Amir , Rączkowski Łukasz , Reinders Marcel , de Ridder Jeroen , Saliba Antoine-Emmanuel , Somarakis Antonios , Stegle Oliver , Theis Fabian J , Yang Huan , Zelikovsky Alex , McHardy Alice C , Raphael Benjamin J , Shah Sohrab P , Schönhuth Alexander
Published: August 2019

The recent upswing of microfluidics and combinatorial indexing strategies, further enhanced by very low sequencing costs, have turned single cell sequencing into an empowering technology; analyzing thousands—or even millions—of cells per experimental run is becoming a routine assignment in laboratories worldwide. As a consequence, we are witnessing a data revolution in single cell biology. Although some issues are similar in spirit to those experienced in bulk sequencing, many of the emerging data science problems are unique to single cell analysis; together, they give rise to the new realm of 'Single Cell Data Science'.

Here, we outline twelve challenges that will be central in bringing this new field forward. For each challenge, the current state of the art in terms of prior work is reviewed, and open problems are formulated, with an emphasis on the research goals that motivate them.

This compendium is meant to serve as a guideline for established researchers, newcomers and students alike, highlighting interesting and rewarding problems in 'Single Cell Data Science' for the coming years.
An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils
Authors: Agerschou Emil Dandanell , Flagmeier Patrick , Saridaki Theodora , Galvagnion Céline , Komnig Daniel , Heid Laetitia , Prasad Vibha , Shaykhalishahi Hamed , Willbold Dieter , Dobson Christopher M , Voigt Aaron , Falkenburger Bjoern , Hoyer Wolfgang , Buell Alexander K
Published: August 2019

Removing or preventing the formation of α-synuclein aggregates is a plausible strategy against Parkinson’s disease. To this end, we have engineered the β-wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric α-synuclein with high affinity. In cultured cells, AS69 reduced the self-interaction of α-synuclein and formation of visible α-synuclein aggregates. In flies, AS69 reduced α-synuclein aggregates and the locomotor deficit resulting from α-synuclein expression in neuronal cells. In biophysical experiments in vitro, AS69 highly sub-stoichiometrically inhibited both primary and autocatalytic secondary nucleation processes, even in the presence of a large excess of monomer. We present evidence that the AS69-α-synuclein complex, rather than the free AS69, is the inhibitory species responsible for sub-stoichiometric inhibition of secondary nucleation. These results represent a new paradigm that high affinity monomer binders can lead to strongly sub-stoichiometric inhibition of nucleation processes.
Muscle quality index and isometric strength in older adults with hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Chirosa Ríos Luis Javier , Reyes Alvaro , Delgado-Floody Pedro , Machado Payer Ramon , Guisado Requena Isabel María
Published: August 2019

Background

Older adults with hip osteoarthritis (OA) suffer a progressive loss of muscle quality and strength, affecting their daily activities and quality of life. The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of isometric strength among older adults with and without hip OA and healthy young adults, and to determine the relationship between muscle quality index (MQI) and isometric strength.

Methods

Fourteen subjects with hip OA (65.6 ± 3.0 years), 18 healthy older adults (66.6 ± 6.5 years) and 32 young adults (20.7 ± 2.0 years) participated in the study. MQI, isometric muscle strength of the hip, ten time sit-to-stand tests, and body composition were measured.

Results

The MQI was lower in subjects with hip OA, with no significant differences between groups (p > 0.054). Subjects with OA produced significantly less isometric strength in hip extension (p < 0.001), flexion (p < 0.001), abduction (p < 0.05), adduction (p < 0.001), external (p < 0.05) and internal rotation (p < 0.05). Subjects with OA demonstrated longer time in the execution of the sit-to-stand test (p < 0.001) in comparison with healthy older and young adults. High correlations between MQI, sit-to-stand (r =  − 0.76, p < 0.01) and peak force during hip abduction (r = 0.78, p < 0.01) where found in subjects with OA. Moderate correlation between MQI and peak force during hip flexion (r = 0.55, p < 0.05) and external rotation (r = 0.61, p < 0.05) were found in the OA group.

Conclusions

Subjects with OA have lower MQI than old and young healthy controls. In subjects with OA, there was a significant relationship between isometric strength of hip muscles and performance on the sit-to-stand test and the MQI.
Accessibility of Agroforestry Farmers to Credit Facilities on Poultry Egg Production in Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Aderounmu A. F. , Oyewo I. O.
Published: August 2019

Poultry egg production is an economically viable investment among Agroforestry farmers in Southwestern Nigeria but paucity of funds and high cost of inputs are major problems in their business operations. This study focused on the effects of accessibility and non-accessibility of Agroforestry farmers to credit on poultry egg production. Data were randomly collected from 120 poultry farmers with a structured questionnaire which comprised of 60 credit beneficiaries (CB) and 60 non-credit beneficiaries (NCB) Agroforestry farmers. The data were analyzed with mean, percentages, frequency distribution, logit and multiple regression analyses. The results of the analyses indicated that the mean age of the CB and NCB Agroforestry farmers were ±46 and ±56 years respectively. Majority of the farmers were married CB (77.4%) and NCB (81.0%). The logit regression analysis revealed that the age of the respondents had a positive relationship with access to credit at 5% level of significance. Multiple regression model for credit accessed farmers indicated that age, family size, drug quantity are positively related to output and are significant at 10% and 1% levels. Multiple regression result for NCB farmers shows that the quantity of drug used is positively related to the egg output at 1% level. The hypotheses tested show that there was a significant relationship between socio-economic characteristics and the egg production in the study area and; between the output of farmers who are credit beneficiaries and non-credit beneficiaries. The major constraints to poultry production in Agroforestry system were limited finances, high cost of inputs and poor quality of day old chicks. Accessibility to formal credit facilities has a key role to play in Agroforestry poultry farming. Individuals, Governments and NGOs should therefore facilitate empowerment of youths in poultry egg production.
Determination of Selected Heavy Metals in Tobacco Tree Shrubs Growing around Dandora Dumpsite, Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Kahara P. M. , Murungi J. , Kiptoo J. K. , Nyaga G.
Published: August 2019

Environmental pollution by heavy metals is presently a serious threat to public health. Despite the toxic contaminants contained in municipal waste, most of the dumpsites remain unregulated and uncontrolled. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of Pb, Cr and Cd in the leaves of tobacco tree plants growing around the dumpsite so as to assess their impact on the environment. The pseudo-total concentration of the metals in the soil was done so as to calculate the transfer factors.pH and total organic carbon (TOC) of the soil was also determined. Soil and plant samples were collected thrice from thirty two sampling sites along the off-loading path from the centre of Dandora dumpsite up to a distance of 700 m away from the centre at depth of 0-30cm (top soil).  Metal analysis was done using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS). Pb levels ranged from 7.58±0.34 to 16.57±0.79 µg/g in the washed leaves and 9.22±0.36 to 19.27±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. Cr levels ranged from 5.11±0.40 to 14.4±0.91 µg/g in the washed leaves and 5.01±0.45 to 15.50±0.40 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. While Cd levels ranged from 0.24±0.01 to 3.62 ±0.17 µg/g in the washed leaves and 0.37±0.02 to 3.68±0.25 µg/g in the unwashed leaves. All these levels were above World Health Organization recommended limits in plants of Pb (0.3 µg/g), Cr (3 µg/g) and Cd (0.2 µg/g). Pearson correlation of the levels in the plants with their concentrations in the soils gave significantly positive values. This suggest that high metal concentration in the soil leads to increased mobility and hence bioavailability. Results obtained therefore suggest that Dandora dumpsite is highly polluted and people should be discouraged from using waste from the dumpsite as manure.
Efficacy of Two (2) Organic Fertilizer Sources (Oil Palm Bunch and Vermicast) on the Growth Response of Tetrapleura tetraptera
Authors: Aderounmu A. F. , Musa F. B.
Published: August 2019

To increase awareness of Tetrapleura tetraptera potential uses, enhance its utilization and promote its domestication as a fruit trees, a potential use of organic manure as soil amendment in afforestation, reforestation, agroforestry, fruit tree orchards, and bio-energy plantations cannot be over emphasized. Therefore, the study to determine the efficacy of organic manure (sole application and its interaction) on the   growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera under a screen house condition was carried out in Federal College of Forest, Ibadan located within the government Reserve Area (GRA) Jericho Ibadan.  The experimental design was a 2 x 8 factorial arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven (7) replicates each making a total of 112 experimental samples. The treatments used were as follows: vermicast at two levels (20t/ha, 40t/ha), oil palm bunch at two levels (20t/ha, 40t/ha), interaction of vermicast and oil palm bunch (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) and Control (no amendment). Data on plant height number of leaves, collar diameter and dry matter yields were generated and subjected to analysis of variance and significant means separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5 % level of significance. The results shows that, the collar diameter  of Tetrapleura tetraptera increased (P=0.05) with the sole application of oil palm bunch at 40t/ha with a mean value of 2.16mm , however, this increase can also be comparable to the sole application of oil palm bunch at 20t/ha  with a mean value of 2.04 mm. Oil palm bunch at 20t/ha   recorded the highest plant of Tetrapleura tetraptera with a mean value of 18.00 cm while the interaction of VC+OB (2:1) and VC 40t/ha are also relatively comparable to the control (no amendment) to improve the plant height. The highest leaves number was observed when oil palm bunch 20t/ha was used as an amendment with a mean value of 14.0 while the lowest number of leaves was recorded with the interaction VC+OB 1:1 with a mean value of 12.0. From the results obtained, oil palm bunch residue as an organic fertilizer improves the growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera.
Empirical Analysis on Potential Risk Factors for Domestic Violence against Women in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebresilassie Habtamu Kiros
Published: August 2019

Domestic violence against women persists to be a major challenge and a threat to women’s empowerment in Ethiopia, while Ethiopia is among the countries which have legal and policy provisions to enhance the rights of women. This study was held based on data obtained from 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. The objective of the study was to indicate the level of domestic violence across categories of various socio-demographic variables and identify major risk factors associated with domestic violence against women in Ethiopia. Descriptive analysis result showed that out of 2663 sampled women involved in the study about 765(28.5%) were experienced domestic violence perpetrate by current husband or partner. A total of 191(25%) women were experienced emotional violence only, 143(18.7%) were experienced physical violence only, 37(4.8%) were experienced sexual violence only and about 394(51.5%) women were experienced more than one form of violence perpetrated by current husband or partner. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that husband’s or partner’s education level, sex composition of living child, alcohol consumption, wealth index and region had statistically significant (P<0.05) effect on domestic violence against women. The results of my investigation have demonstrated that higher educational level and better economic status have been identified as protective factors against domestic violence. Domestic violence against women could be mitigated through enhancing access to better education, encouraging school completion, improving the economic status of women and organizing public educational campaigns that focus on changing gender related attitudes.
Biomimetic and Radially Symmetric Graphene Aerogel for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Gao Libo , Fan Rong , Zhou Wenzhao , Hu Xinkang , Cao Ke , Wang Weidong , Lu Yang
Published: August 2019

Developing a generalized route to effectively fabricate periodic mechanically flexible graphene aerogels across several size orders and whole structural integrity on a large scale for flexible electronics is still a challenge. Herein, inspired by bamboo's natural hierarchical structure, a general method is developed to effectively fabricate biomimetic cellular graphene fibers using hydrogen bubbles and ice simultaneously as templates, whose whole size ranges from micro to several centimeters. Owing to its superior mechanical flexibility demonstrated by the in situ scanning electron microscope test and intrinsically good electrical conductivity, its potential in flexible electronics such as sensors, supercapacitors, and Ni–Zn batteries is carefully investigated. It not only shows superior sensitivity in the monitoring of the pulse pressure in sensor devices but also directly serves as a promising binder, flexible scaffold, and conductive additive, as well as extra active material in the energy storage device without any extra additives. This strategy can also be extended to fabricate other configurations of graphene aerogels such as spring‐like type and bulk film, able to serve as the next generation of intelligent infrastructure for achieving multifunctional structural and functional tasks.
Understanding the Role of Oxygen Vacancy in Visible–Near‐Infrared‐Light‐Absorbing Ferroelectric Perovskite Oxides Created by Off‐Stoichiometry
Authors: Xiao Hongyuan , Wang Yufeng , Jiao Nan , Guo Yiping , Dong Wen , Zhou Hua , Li Qian , Sun Chengjun
Published: August 2019

Recently, the visible or even‐to‐near‐infrared light absorbing perovskite ABO3 solid state solutions, show promising application in solar cells and multienergy harvesters or sensors by simultaneously introducing transition metal and oxygen vacancies. However, the existence of oxygen vacancies fundamentally causes photoexcited carrier trapping and large leakage current. Therefore, it is still challenging to limit oxygen vacancies while maintaining low bandgap and high ferroelectricity. Here, an efficient charge compensation strategy by finely adjusting the ion ratio on the A‐site to obtain an oxygen‐vacancy‐free relaxer ferroelectric is demonstrated in the system of Nax
Biy
TiO3‐BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3, where y > x. It is found that the oxygen‐vacancy‐free composition still yields strong visible–near‐infrared‐light‐absorbing and enhanced photoresponse, in which the photocurrent density doubles from ≈0.16 to ≈0.32 μA cm−2. A new bandgap tuning mechanism is proposed according to the local structural information of Ni ions obtained via extended X‐ray absorption fine structure. Moreover, this work succeeds in establishing the relationship between the concentration of oxygen vacancies and ferroelectric/piezoelectric properties of Nax
Biy
TiO3‐BaTi0.5Ni0.5O3. This research points out a promising route to the material design of bandgap engineered ferroelectrics with controlled defects, which is expected to benefit a wide range of functional energy conversion devices.
Process boundaries of collision welding at low energies
Authors: Groche P. , Niessen B. , Pabst C.
Published: August 2019

Collison welding is a promising material‐closed joining process that enables bonds with various advantages. It is already used as explosion welding to produce clad materials that cannot be joined otherwise. Other collision welding processes as electromagnetic pulse welding do not contain that amount of energy, but they can be used in mass production. In order to achieve a high process and product reliability, the process has to be designed accurately. But the process boundaries are not yet completely understood. In this paper, process windows for aluminium and copper joints, produced by a model test rig, are compared. Additionally, high speed observation and micro sections are used to enhance the knowledge about process boundaries and the influence of the jet.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms of miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway in T2DM in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Yiping , Li Chuanyin , Yang Man , Shi Li , Tao Wenyu , Shen Keyu , Li Xianli , Wang Xiaoling , Yang Ying , Yao Yufeng
Published: August 2019

Background

The insulin/insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/GLUT4 pathway plays a crucial role in insulin resistance and is closely associated with T2DM. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs (such as miR‐135a, let‐7d, miR‐107, miR‐96, miR‐29a, miR‐23a, miR‐126, miR‐133a, and miR‐106b) influence the GLUT4 pathway.

Methods

A total of 784 subjects with T2DM and 846 nondiabetic subjects were enrolled and 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs (rs10459194 in miR‐135a‐2, rs10993081 and rs7045890 in let‐7d, rs2296616 in miR‐107, rs2402959 and rs6965643 in miR‐96, rs24168 in miR‐29a, rs3745453 in miR‐23a, rs4636297 in miR‐126, rs8089787 and rs9948906 in miR‐133a‐1 and rs999885 in miR‐106b) involved in the GLUT4 pathway were genotyped using the MassArray method in a Chinese population.

Results

Our data showed that the A allele of rs2402959 in miR‐96 may increase the risk of developing T2DM (p = .002, OR = 1.266; 95% CI: 1.089–1.471). The genotypes of rs3745453 in miR‐23a showed the difference between T2DM and control groups (p < .001). Moreover, for rs2402959, compared with the A/A genotype, the (G/A–G/G) genotype shows a protective effect in T2DM (p = .001, OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.58–0.87). For rs3745453, compared with the (A/A–A/G) genotype, the G/G genotype increases the risk of T2DM (p < .001, OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.38–2.77). In addition, we also found that rs4636297G/G genotype was associated with lower TC in T2DM group.

Conclusion

Our results revealed that genetic variations in the miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway were associated with T2DM susceptibility in a Chinese population, and these results emphasize the need to study the functional effects of these variations in the miRNAs involved in the GLUT4 pathway on the risk of developing T2DM.