bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les orientations religieuses d’un officier angevin : Bertrand de Beauvau († 1474)
Authors: Matz Jean-Michel
Published: April 2020

La famille de Beauvau apparaît dans l’entourage des princes angevins au cours des dernières décennies du XIVe siècle. Jean de Beauvau fut capitaine de Tarente à partir de 1382, charge dans laquelle son cousin Macé lui succéda après sa mort à Naples en juillet 1391. Deux fils de Jean se retrouvent ensuite en charge de services administratifs, militaires ou financiers. Pierre de Beauvau (v. 1380-v. 1435), chambellan et exécuteur testamentaire de Louis II, président du conseil de la reine Yolande pendant la minorité de Louis III, est nommé lieutenant général, vice-roi et gouverneur de Provence en 1429, et assiste à la mort du roi de Sicile en Calabre, en novembre 1434. Son frère Bertrand (v. 1382-1474), qui lui a survécu près de quatre décennies, a été quant à lui un des principaux serviteurs du roi René en tant que, notamment, capitaine du château d’Angers. À la fin de sa vie, déjà veuf par trois fois, il épousa en quatrièmes noces la fille naturelle de René, Blanche d’Anjou. Il avait entre-temps entamé une carrière au service du roi de France comme bailli de Touraine puis comme premier président laïque de la Chambre des comptes de Paris. Bertrand de Beauvau a entrepris la construction de deux châteaux : Ternay, dans le pays loudunais, et Pimpéan, à une trentaine de kilomètres d’Angers. Dans les deux cas, il a doté ces résidences d’une somptueuse chapelle ; celle de Pimpéan, dédiée à François d’Assise et à Catherine d’Alexandrie, porte encore d’admirables fresques représentant des scènes de la vie de la Vierge, des épisodes de la Passion et de nombreux saints – notamment franciscains, parmi lesquels saint Louis d’Anjou. Alors que la branche aînée des Beauvau avait tissé des liens étroits avec les Franciscains d’Angers pendant que celle des Beauvau du Rivau se montra généreuse envers les Dominicains de la ville, Bertrand de Beauvau fut le grand bienfaiteur du couvent des Ermites de saint Augustin d’Angers dans lequel il se fit inhumer avec ses trois premières épouses dans un grand tombeau de marbre noir. Il y fit « edifier tout de neuf les batiments et les cloitres et reparer l’eglise » à partir de 1468. Il lui donna de somptueuses tapisseries et plusieurs « livres très beaux, enrichys de très belles mignatures ». Pour finir, il dota le couvent de plus de 2 000 livres tournois pour des messes obituaires et diverses fondations pieuses.
Les traces d’un art angevin en Albanie. Circulation artistique et transferts culturels dans l’art de l’Arbanon entre le XIIIe et le XVe siècle
Authors: Campobasso Gianvito
Published: April 2020

Cet article vise à étudier la circulation artistique au sud de l’Adriatique et les transferts culturels que l’on retrouve dans la culture visuelle de l’Arbanon au moment où les Balkans et l’Est de la Méditerranée étaient en proie aux ambitions angevines. Quelques années après l’établissement de Charles d’Anjou sur le trône de Naples, l’Albanie est devenue l’une des possessions des Anjou. Assez rapidement on a pu constater certains changements dans le langage artistique tout comme l’apparition de nouvelles idées religieuses et politiques reflétant des changements sociaux et de nouveaux goûts. Ces nouveautés artistiques sont surtout utilisées et diffusées par le clergé romain et l’aristocratie féodale, informés par ces nouvelles tendances. La culture angevine, dont les visual evidences et les quelques sources écrites sont les seules traces encore visibles de nos jours, ont contribué à ce que l’Albanie fasse un pas de plus vers l’Ouest, ce qui a permis au système féodal de s’implanter. En effet, l’aristocratie a préservé cet héritage jusqu’au XVe siècle et les nouveautés artistiques dues aux transferts culturels de l’époque ont eu un impact sur tous les secteurs – ce qui a permis un rapprochement vers l’Europe Occidentale de cette « trans-périphérie » de l’Empire Byzantin.
Alteridad: la reinvención de la paz en las Relaciones Internacionales
Authors: Rocha Elizabete Sanches , Maso Tchella Fernandes
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo reflexionar sobre la paz y la alteridad en el terreno de las Relaciones Internacionales (RR. II.). Esta tentativa se construye alrededor del avínculo existente entre los estudios críticos para la paz y las perspectivas poscoloniales, descoloniales y feministas. Partiendo de una revisión bibliográfica, se propone una reflexión sobre el carácter colonial, belicista y patriarcal de las producciones académicas y las prácticas políticas. Específicamente, en este estudio se analizan las teorías realistas y liberales de las RR. II. y cómo estas descalifican al/a la Otro/Otra en cuanto sujeto activo y diversificado, al tratar a los Estados con igualdad formal y como enemigos en potencia. En esta perspectiva, se intenta esbozar cómo la noción de alteridad contribuye para lograr una concepción más libertaria de la paz.
O retorno do pesadelo: um estudo sobre a luta da memória contra o esquecimento
Authors: Santos Myrian Sepúlveda dos
Published: April 2020

Este artigo propõe uma análise de diferentes tipos de memória frente a questões relacionadas com políticas da memória, falsificação da história e amnésia coletiva no contexto atual de crise econômica, fragmentação dos trabalhadores e predominância das redes sociais nos processos comunicativos. Procura-se demonstrar que existem diversas formas de uma sociedade lutar contra o esquecimento: através da literatura de testemunho, de casos de pós-memória e de arquivos. Em qualquer destes casos, há necessidade de uma abordagem crítica para que o compromisso com o passado, também compreendido como dever da memória, se cumpra em prol de uma postura ética apta a lidar com responsabilidades e políticas de reparação.
Educación para la autonomía: inventarios de la memoria en el contexto del giro a la ultraderecha en Brasil
Authors: Guizardi Menara
Published: April 2020

Este artículo aborda la confluencia entre la educación y la política reflexionando sobre el papel de la memoria social en Brasil, donde la ultraderecha avanza con el apoyo de los votantes que se adhieren a discursos del odio. Primero realizaré un debate teórico sobre la relación que existe entre política, memoria y educación, enmarcando así las categorías que guían las reflexiones desarrolladas a lo largo del texto. En segundo lugar, narraré mi experiencia etnográfica en las elecciones presidenciales brasileñas del 2018 y de diálogo con Carlos, un joven negro de la ciudad brasileña de Foz de Iguazú, destinatario de las ayudas educacionales del gobierno del Partido de los Trabajadores y votante de Jair Bolsonaro. En las consideraciones finales identificaré el papel que desempeñan la memoria social y los “inventarios de la memoria” como herramientas para superar, desde la educación, la forclusión política de los sujetos.
O movimento feminista e de mulheres na Argentina: perspectivas pós-colonial e socialista
Authors: Aguiar Danilla , Rojas Gonzalo
Published: April 2020

As teorias pós-coloniais questionam os instrumentos de poder e representação dos sujeitos subalternos, bem como o pensamento ocidental hegemônico, desvendando suas faces políticas e ideológicas que determinavam modos específicos de opressão aos grupos subalternos. Historicamente, a opressão pelo gênero delega às mulheres a condição de subproletariado, exemplo limite de subalternização a quem é negado espaços sociais e até o direito de decidir sobre o próprio corpo. Apresentamos neste artigo as contribuições do movimento argentino de mulheres em dois momentos da democracia no país: as Mães da Praça de Maio e o atual movimento de mulheres. Em nossa hipótese, as mulheres apresentam-se como protagonistas dos conflitos sociais e representam uma importante frente de luta que, a exemplo do caso argentino, abre a possibilidade de radicalização da democracia com aspirações continentais e mundiais.
A Comparative Study Among Recursive Metaheuristics for Gene Selection
Authors: Dif Nassima , Elberrichi Zakaria
Published: April 2020

This chapter compares 4 variants of metaheuristics (RFA, EMVO, RPSO, and RBAT). The purpose is to test the impact of refinement on different types of metaheuristics (FA, MVO, PSO, and BAT). The refinement helps to enhance exploitation and to speed up the search process in multidimensional spaces. Moreover, it presents a powerful tool to solve different issues such as slow convergence. The different methods have been used for gene selection on 11 microarrays datasets to solve their various issues related to the presence of irrelevant genes. The obtained results reveal the positive impact of refinement on FA, MVO, and PSO, where all performances have been improved. On the other hand, this process harmed the BAT algorithm. The comparative study between the 4 variants highlights the efficiency of EMVO and FA in terms of precision and dimensionality reduction, respectively. Overall, this study suggests drawing attention to the choice of embedded metaheuristics in the refinement procedure, where powerful methods in exploration are recommended. Moreover, metaheuristics that risk form fast convergence are not advised.
Training Artificial Neural Networks With Improved Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Abeyrathna Kuruge Darshana , Jeenanunta Chawalit
Published: April 2020

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is popular for solving complex optimization problems. However, it easily traps in local minima. Authors modify the traditional PSO algorithm by adding an extra step called PSO-Shock. The PSO-Shock algorithm initiates similar to the PSO algorithm. Once it traps in a local minimum, it is detected by counting stall generations. When stall generation accumulates to a prespecified value, particles are perturbed. This helps particles to find better solutions than the current local minimum they found. The behavior of PSO-Shock algorithm is studied using a known: Schwefel's function. With promising performance on the Schwefel's function, PSO-Shock algorithm is utilized to optimize the weights and bias of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The trained ANNs then forecast electricity consumption in Thailand. The proposed algorithm reduces the forecasting error compared to the traditional training algorithms. The percentage reduction of error is 23.81% compared to the Backpropagation algorithm and 16.50% compared to the traditional PSO algorithm.
Contour Gradient Optimization
Authors: Wu Zhou , Cheng Shi , Shi Yuhui
Published: April 2020

Inspired by local cooperation in the real world, a new evolutionary algorithm, Contour Gradient Optimization algorithm (CGO), is proposed for solving optimization problems. CGO is a new type of population-based algorithm that emulates the cooperation among neighbors. Each individual in CGO evolves in its neighborhood environment to find a better region. Each individual moves with a velocity measured by the field of its nearest individuals. The field includes the attractive forces from its better neighbor in the higher contour level and the repulsive force from its worse neighbor in the lower contour level. In this chapter, CGO is compared with six different widely used optimization algorithms, and comparative analysis shows that CGO is better than these algorithms in respect of accuracy and effectiveness.
Population Diversity of Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm on Solving Single and Multi-Objective Problems
Authors: Cheng Shi , Shi Yuhui , Qin Quande
Published: April 2020

Premature convergence occurs in swarm intelligence algorithms searching for optima. A swarm intelligence algorithm has two kinds of abilities: the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties. The exploration ability means that an algorithm can explore more search places to increase the possibility that the algorithm can find good enough solutions. In contrast, the exploitation ability means that an algorithm focuses on the refinement of found promising areas. An algorithm should have a balance between exploration and exploitation, that is, the allocation of computational resources should be optimized to ensure that an algorithm can find good enough solutions effectively. The diversity measures the distribution of individuals' information. From the observation of the distribution and diversity change, the degree of exploration and exploitation can be obtained.
ESTRUTURA POPULACIONAL DA TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS (TIGRE D’ÁGUA DA ORELHA VERMELHA) EM UM FRAGMENTO DE MATA ATLÂNTICA EM PERÍMETRO URBANO NA CIDADE DE MARINGÁ-PARANÁ.
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Isabela , Alda Martins Gustavo , Marinho Hernandes Caroline , Silva Guizellini Giovana , Rissi Sabino Vanessa Lara , Cucato Santana Maria Isabel , Thiago Ferreira Luiz Guilherme , Vargas Grou Carlos Eduardo
Published: April 2020

A introdução de espécies exóticas em novos ambientes desencadeia grandes problemas ecológicos e genéticos nas comunidades locais. Foram identificados indivíduos de Trachemys scripta elegans, Wied (1839) em um fragmento urbano de Mata Atlântica, em uma Área de Preservação Permanente, o Parque do Ingá, na cidade de Maringá/Paraná. A partir dos dados de coletas dos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2018 foi realizado a identificação da espécie Trachemys scripta elegans para estudos de análise de variância com o objetivo de analisar a estrutura populacional da espécie em questão. Os indivíduos foram capturados utilizando iscas de carne com auxílio do puçá e covo aquático. Esses tiveram o comprimento da carapaça e plastrão medidos e o sexo identificado. Não foi evidenciada a reprodução da Trachemys scripta elegans, entretanto, ainda há, possivelmente, um grande número de indivíduos adultos sendo introduzidos no parque.
EFEITOS DO ESTRESSE PSICOLÓGICO SOBRE O PLEXO CARDÍACO DE RATOS NA FASE JUVENIL
Authors: De Lima Vivian Fuguhara , Diogo Rodrigues Jimenes  , De Melo Silvana Regina , Barbosa Carmem Patrícia
Published: April 2020

Estresse é uma resposta não específica do organismo a condições adversas, podendo, quando aplicado de maneira constante durante a infância, gerar consequências graves e duradouras.  Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do estresse psicológico aplicado na fase juvenil do desenvolvimento sobre o plexo cardíaco de ratos machos da linhagem Wistar. Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Controle (GC; n=3) e Estresse Psicológico (EP; n=4). Os procedimentos de estresse foram aplicados durante três dias consecutivos a partir dos 25 dias de vida pós-natal. O grupo EP foi submetido à exposição ao predador (gato) durante duas sessões de 10 minutos com intervalo de 5 minutos. A eutanásia foi realizada aos 64 dias de idade e os corações coletados, fixados e processados histologicamente. Cortes de 5 µm foram corados pelas técnicas de Giemsa, Hematoxilina-Eosina e Picro-sirius a fim de que análises morfométricas, morfológicas e quantitativas dos neurônios e de fibras colágenas associadas ao plexo cardíaco fossem realizadas. Os resultados demonstraram que o estresse psicológico por exposição ao predador provocou diminuição da área neuronal e do número de neurônios, aumento do peso corporal e predispôs deposição de fibras colágenas do tipo I no plexo cardíaco.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CONDIÇÃO DOS PRIMEIROS MOLARES PERMANENTES EM CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES ASSISTIDAS EM UM PROJETO SOCIAL
Authors: Petrik Jeani Aparecida , Zanchin Carine , Kuhn da Silva Elissandra Mainara , Teixeira de Carvalho Loisi Maria , Garcia Mugnai Vieira Souza Juliana , Lazzarin Helen Cristina
Published: April 2020

Os primeiros molares permanentes são considerados elementos dentais de extrema importância para o sistema estomatognático. A anatomia oclusal destes dentes somado à precária higiene bucal acarreta em altos índices de cárie dentária. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o índice de cárie dentária em primeiros molares permanentes de crianças assistidas em um projeto social em Cascavel – PR. Avaliou-se a condição dos primeiros molares permanentes de 547 crianças e adolescentes com idade entre 6 e 14 anos, atendidas em um projeto social, no município de Cascavel-PR. O índice CPO-D (cariados, perdidos e  obturados por dente) foi aplicado entre os anos de 2013 e 2017. Observou-se nos resultados uma taxa de cárie nos elementos avaliados de 18,13%, 0,28% perdidos, 6,34% obturados, e um índice CPO-D de 0,96. O gênero masculino apresentou os maiores índices para o componente cariado (18,23%), para os componentes perdido e obturado o gênero feminino apresentou os maiores valores, sendo respectivamente 0,56% e 9,25%. Apenas 23,40% dos dentes apresentaram CPO-D igual a 0. O elemento que apresentou CPO-D mais elevado foi o primeiro molar permanente inferior esquerdo (0,29). Concluiu-se que o elemento 36 apresentou a maior média CPO-D. O sexo masculino apresentou  a maior prevalência de cárie nos elementos avaliados, em contrapartida, no sexo feminino houve predomínio dos componentes perdido e obturado.
DNA barcoding unveils the first record of Andrena allosa for Italy and unexpected genetic diversity in Andrena praecox (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Cornalba Maurizio , Biella Paolo , Galimberti Andrea
Published: April 2020

DNA barcoding is well-known to support morphological species identification and it can be helpful for unveiling unexpected populations divergence patterns, especially in the context of the impacts on species posed by global change. In this note, we provided the first Italian record of the alpine mining bee Andrena allosa Warncke, 1975, confirmed with DNA barcoding. In addition, genetic identification of a specimen of Andrena praecox (Scopoli 1753) from western Italy pointed to an unexpected intraspecific genetic structuring at COI DNA barcoding region, with sequences from the Italian and the western sector of its global distribution differing 2.22% (p-dist) from populations of the eastern sector. Given the relevance of these records and of the genetic identity of bee populations from Italy, we argue that implementing molecular surveys in bee monitoring would surely contribute to the conservation of these important pollinators.
COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management
Authors: Sahu Kamal Kant , Mishra Ajay Kumar , Lal Amos
Published: April 2020

With each passing day, more cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) are being detected and unfortunately the fear of novel corona virus 2019 (2019-nCoV) becoming a pandemic disease has come true. Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. As of now, whole genome sequence of the newly discovered coronavirus has already been decoded. Genomic characterization nCoV-2019 have shown close homology with bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Structural analysis of the receptor binding site has confirmed that 2019-nCoV binds with the same ACE 2 receptor protein as human SARS virus. Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks, the overall mortality rate is relatively low for COVID-2019 (2-3%). Suspected cases must be quarantined till their test comes positive or they clear infection. At present, treatment of COVID-2019 is mostly based on the knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Remdesivir, originally develop as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections, is being studied for it effectiveness against 2019-nCoV infection. Many other antiviral agents and vaccines are being tested but most of them are in phase I or II and hence unlikely to be of any benefit immediately with regards to current outbreak. Hence, the standard infection control techniques and preventive steps for healthy individuals and supportive care for the confirmed cases is the best available strategy to deal with current viral outbreak.
COVID-19 pandemic: what consequences for cardiac rehabilitation?
Authors: Vigorito Carlo , Faggiano Pompilio , Mureddu Gian Francesco
Published: April 2020

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic spreading all around the world has stressed over its capabilities and determined profound changes in the health systems in all countries and has caused hundreds of thousand deaths. Health professionals have been called to a tremendous effort to deal with this emergency, often contaminating or succumbing themselves to the disease.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLLUTION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN CHINA: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM 111 CITIES
Authors: Zheng Haitao , Huai Wenxin , Huang Lele
Published: April 2020

Steady economic growth and environmental protection are two contradictory goals of top priorities in China 2016–2020 Planning Project. Cities play important role in economic and environmental development. The research on cities’ economic-pollution relationship is vital to the choices in city developing patterns. This paper investigates the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution of 111 Chinese prefectural-level cities in the period 2004–2012 and how it might influence the choice of a city's developing pattern. These 111 cities are classified to five different clusters, one of which has particular pollution-economic relationship and some of which coordinate the EKC theory. The paper suggests that city features, scale effect and composition effect are important in the distribution of cities’ developing patterns.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SURFACE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT OF ROOFTOPS AND STREETSCAPES IN CENTRAL SYDNEY
Authors: Sharifi Ehsan , Lehmann Steffen
Published: April 2020

Cities are frequently experiencing artificial heat stress, known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. The UHI effect is commonly present in cities due to increased urbanization, where anthropogenic heat and human modifications have altered the characteristics of surfaces and atmosphere. Urban structure, land cover and metabolism are underlined as UHI key contributors and can result in higher urban densities being up to 10°C hotter compared to their peri-urban surroundings. The UHI effect increases the health-risk of spending time outdoors and boosts the need for energy consumption, particularly for air-conditioning during summer. Under investigation is what urban features are more resilient to the surface layer Urban Heat Island (sUHI) effect in precinct scale. In the context of Sydney, this ongoing research aims to explore the most heat resilient urban features at precinct scale. This UHI investigation covers five high-density precincts in central Sydney and is based on a nocturnal remote-sensing thermal image of central Sydney taken on 6 February 2009. Comparing the surface temperature of streetscapes and buildings’ rooftops (dominant urban horizontal surfaces), indicates that open spaces and particularly streetscapes are the most sensitive urban elements to the sUHI effect. The correlations between street network intensity, open space ratio, urban greenery ratio and the sUHI effect is being analysed in Sydney’s high-density precincts. Results indicate that higher open space ratio and street network intensity correlate significantly to higher sUHI effect at precinct scale. Meanwhile, 10% increase in the urban greenery can effectively decrease the precinct temperature by 0.6°C.
ENERGY ANALYSIS OF KARANJA OIL AS A SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE
Authors: Das Biplab , Lingfa Pradip
Published: April 2020

The paper highlights the results of an experimental investigation carried out on Karanja oil as a supplementary for diesel fuel in Compression Ignition engine. In the present study, triglycerides of Karanja oil is converted into mono-ester (biodiesel) using based catalyst transesterfication process. Karanja biodiesel is blended with petroleum diesel in the volumetric proportions of 2−10%. Results reveal that the performance characteristics of Karanja biodiesel blends are well comparable with diesel fuel. The emission characteristics such as CO, HC and smoke are found to be lower for Karanja biodiesel blends at all the engine load conditions compared to diesel fuel. Hence, it is concluded that Karanja oil at lower blends can be used in diesel engine without any substantial engine modification.
Aspiration thrombectomy for posterior circulation stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sheng Kevin , Tong Marcus
Published: April 2020

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the efficacy of aspiration thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion of the posterior circulation, with an emphasis on comparison with stent retriever thrombectomy. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to analyze the outcomes of aspiration thrombectomy for acute posterior circulation stroke. For those studies that included data for both aspiration and stent-retriever thrombectomy, we additionally performed a second meta-analysis comparing their outcomes against each other. Results: A total of 17 articles were included. For the primary outcomes, the weighted pooled rate of mortality was 26.71% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.35%–34.71%), modified Ranking Score (mRS) 0–2 at 3 months was 36.71 (95% CI 32.02%–41.52%), and successful recanalization 89.26% (95% CI 83.12%–94.31%). Primary stent retriever thrombectomy was inferior to primary aspiration thrombectomy for the outcomes of successful recanalization (odds ratio [OR] 0.57, 95% CI 0.36–0.91, P = 0.018), complete recanalization (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.42–0.1.00, P = 0.048), procedure time (mean difference 28.17, 95% CI 9.47–46.87), and rate of embolization to new territory (OR 5.01, 95% CI 1.20–20.87, P = 0.027). No significant difference was seen for other outcomes. Further subgroup analysis suggests that for the outcome of recanalization, this may be dependent on the availability of second-line stent retriever thrombectomy. Limitations: The included studies were observational in nature. There was unresolved heterogeneity in some of the outcomes. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference seen for the primary outcomes of mortality and favorable outcome (mRS score 0–2) at 3 months. While superior rates of successful recanalization, complete recanalization, faster procedural time, and improved safety profile for primary aspiration thrombectomy were seen compared to primary stent retriever thrombectomy, this did not translate into superior clinical outcomes.
Pediatric cerebellar pilomyxoid astrocytoma: Clinical and radiological findings in three cases
Authors: Gader Ghassen , Belkahla Ghassen , Karmani Nadhir , Saadaoui Khalil , Rkhami Mouna , Kallel Jalel , Zammel Ihsèn , Badri Mohamed
Published: April 2020

Pilomyxoid astrocytomas (PMA) is a particular form of glial tumors distinct from pilocytic astrocytomas (PA). On the last 2016 WHO classification for CNS tumours, no definite grade assignment was proposed for these lesions. They may be more aggressive with a different clinical course compared to PA due to their greater propensity for local recurrence and cerebrospinal dissemination. Most cases arise from the hypothalamic region. Only few studies reported cerebellar localization of the lesion. We report 3 pediatric cases treated for pediatric PMA of the posterior fossa. Clinical, radiological, and prognostic features were reviewed. The age of our patients was between 1 and 9 years old. Signs of intracranial hypertension were found in all patients. One of them presented an increased head circumference and the 2 others had a cerebellar syndrome. Brain CT-scan and MRI displayed a large wellcircumscribed intra-axial solid and cystic posterior fossa tumor. Total surgical resection was performed for all tumors. After a 2 years follow up, no signs of recurrence were noticed. In the literature, PMA been reported with overwhelming majority in children aged between 2 months and 4 years. Despite of many pathological similarities with PAs, PMAs have some specific features in histology, leading to their identification as independent type of glioma. Radiological differential diagnosis between PMAs and Pas can be made using arterial spin labeling imaging, which shows low perfusion parameters in PAs. Clinical and radiological follow up are mandatory do to different natural history and higher rates of local recurrence of this tumor compared to PA. Prognosis is favorable when complete surgical exeresis is possible.
N-butyl cyanoacrylate transvenous arteriovenous malformation embolization with arterial balloon assistance: Defining parameters for a transvenous approach as a potential upfront treatment option in managing cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Higbie Catherine , Khatri Deepak , Ligas Barbara , Ortiz Rafael , Langer David
Published: April 2020

Complete obliteration of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using a transvenous approach as the primary and stand-alone treatment modality has been increasingly considered as a useful endovascular approach in the treatment of AVMs. AVMs are typically treated with microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, endovascular embolization, or some combination of the three methods. Preservation of the draining vein is a key requisite common to all treatment modalities. Transvenous embolization (TVE) is conventionally not recommended as a stand-alone treatment for the vast majority of AVMs and has been thought to be best indicated when traditional approaches are considered less safe and when specific evaluation criteria are met. We report a case of a 35-year-old asymptomatic male diagnosed with a small intracranial AVM adjacent to the right motor strip which was managed utilizing this approach. We employed endovascular embolization via a transvenous approach with arterial balloon assistance due to the small size of the nidus, eloquent location, en passage arterial supply proximal to the venous varix, and a single draining vein from the fistula. This case illustrates the selective indications and technical nuances of TVE approach in managing AVMs as a potential upfront treatment option. When patients harbor AVMs with specific angio-architectural findings as outlined, TVE utilizing Onyx or N-butyl cyanoacrylate can be safely performed as a primary treatment modality.
Intolerância a lactose
Authors: Barbosa Nathalia Emanuelle de Almeida , Ferreira Nayane Catarina de Jesus , Vieira Thaynah Luiza Elmescany , Brito Ana Paula Santos Oliveira , Garcia Hamilton Cezar Rocha
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre intolerância a lactose. Método: Foram utilizadas como base de dados PUB-MED, LILLACS, Scielo, Google Acadêmico, foram analisados e utilizados na pesquisa 20 artigos, os quais foram selecionados de acordo com os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Resultados: Ocorrem em 65% a 75% da população mundial, 45% dos estudos descreveram a população asiática e africana como as de maiores prevalências. Os testes diagnósticos mais citados foram: teste respiratório de hidrogênio expirado (45%), teste de tolerância a glicose (40%), biópsia jejunal/ duodenal (20%), o manejo da intolerância à lactose tem como principal conduta a suplementação com lactase exógena, citadas em 30% dos artigos estudados. Conclusão: A Intolerância a lactose é uma patologia em crescimento no âmbito mundial. Sendo a causa mais comum em adultos a hipolactasia primária. A dor abdominal, diarreia e distensão abdominal foram os sintomas mais prevalentes. O teste diagnóstico mais utilizado é o teste de hidrogênio expirado, considerado padrão ouro por alguns autores. O tratamento mais utilizado é a redução do consumo de lactose
Ozone pollution over China and India: seasonality and sources
Authors: Gao Meng , Gao Jinhui , Zhu Bin , Kumar Rajesh , Lu Xiao , Song Shaojie , Zhang Yuzhong , Jia Beixi , Wang Peng , Beig Gufran , Hu Jianlin , Ying Qi , Zhang Hongliang , Sherman Peter , McElroy Michael B.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. A regional fully coupled meteorology–chemistry model, Weather Research and
Forecasting model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), was employed to study the
seasonality of ozone (O3) pollution and its sources in both China and
India. Observations and model results suggest that O3 in the North
China Plain (NCP), Yangtze River Delta (YRD), Pearl River Delta (PRD), and
India exhibit distinctive seasonal features, which are linked to the
influence of summer monsoons. Through a factor separation approach, we
examined the sensitivity of O3 to individual anthropogenic, biogenic,
and biomass burning emissions. We found that summer O3 formation in
China is more sensitive to industrial and biogenic sources than to other
source sectors, while the transportation and biogenic sources are more
important in all seasons for India. Tagged simulations suggest that local
sources play an important role in the formation of the summer O3 peak
in the NCP, but sources from Northwest China should not be neglected to
control summer O3 in the NCP. For the YRD region, prevailing winds and
cleaner air from the ocean in summer lead to reduced transport from polluted
regions, and the major source region in addition to local sources is
Southeast China. For the PRD region, the upwind region is replaced by
contributions from polluted PRD as autumn approaches, leading to an autumn
peak. The major upwind regions in autumn for the PRD are YRD (11 %) and
Southeast China (10 %). For India, sources in North India are more
important than sources in the south. These analyses emphasize the relative
importance of source sectors and regions as they change with seasons,
providing important implications for O3 control strategies.
A revisiting of the parametrization of downward longwave radiation in summer over the Tibetan Plateau based on high-temporal-resolution measurements
Authors: Liu Mengqi , Zheng Xiangdong , Zhang Jinqiang , Xia Xiangao
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the research hot spots in the climate change
research due to its unique geographical location and high altitude. Downward
longwave radiation (DLR), as a key component in the surface energy budget,
has practical implications for radiation budget and climate change. A
couple of attempts have been made to parametrize DLR over the TP based on
hourly or daily measurements and crude clear-sky discrimination methods.
This study uses 1 min shortwave and longwave radiation measurements at
three stations over the TP to parametrize DLR during summer months. Three
independent methods are used to discriminate clear sky from clouds based on
1 min radiation and lidar measurements. This guarantees the strict selection
of clear-sky samples that is fundamental for the parametrization of
clear-sky DLR. A total of 11 clear-sky and 4 cloudy DLR parametrizations are
examined and locally calibrated. Compared to previous studies, DLR
parametrizations here are shown to be characterized by smaller root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) and higher coefficients of determination (R2).
Clear-sky DLR can be estimated from the best parametrization with a RMSE of
3.8 W m−2 and R2>0.98. Systematic overestimation of
clear-sky DLR by the locally calibrated parametrization in one previous
study is found to be approximately 25 W m−2 (10 %), which is very
likely due to potential residual cloud contamination on previous clear-sky
DLR parametrization. The cloud base height under overcast conditions is shown to
play an important role in cloudy DLR parametrization, which is considered
in the locally calibrated parametrization over the TP for the first time.
Further studies on DLR parametrization during nighttime and in seasons
except summer are required for our better understanding of the role of DLR
in climate change.
Models transport Saharan dust too low in the atmosphere compared to observations
Authors: O'Sullivan Debbie , Marenco Franco , Ryder Claire L. , Pradhan Yaswant , Kipling Zak , Johnson Ben , Benedetti Angela , Brooks Melissa , McGill Matthew , Yorks John , Selmer Patrick
Published: April 2020

Abstract. We investigate the dust forecasts from two operational global atmospheric models in comparison with in-situ and remote sensing measurements obtained during the AERosol properties – Dust (AER-D) field campaign. Airborne elastic backscatter lidar measurements were performed on-board the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements during August 2015 over the Eastern Atlantic, and they permitted to characterize the dust vertical distribution in detail, offering insights on transport from the Sahara. They were complemented with airborne in-situ measurements of dust size-distribution and optical properties, and datasets from the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System spaceborne lidar (CATS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We compare the airborne and spaceborne datasets to operational predictions obtained from the Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). The dust aerosol optical depth predictions from the models are generally in agreement with the observations, but display a low bias. However, the predicted vertical distribution places the dust lower in the atmosphere than highlighted in our observations. This is particularly noticeable for the MetUM, which does not transport coarse dust high enough in the atmosphere, nor far enough away from source. We also found that both model forecasts underpredict coarse mode dust, and at times overpredict fine mode dust. An analysis of the processes driving dust uplift in the models suggests that errors in the large scale wind and dust size distribution at source could be the cause of differences between model predictions and observations of the Saharan Air Layer. Mineral dust is an important component of the climate system, therefore it is important to assess how models reproduce its properties and transport mechanisms.
Issues related to the retrieval of stratospheric-aerosol particle size information based on optical measurements
Authors: von Savigny Christian , Hoffmann Christoph G.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Stratospheric-sulfate aerosols play an important role in the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The radiative and chemical effects of stratospheric-sulfate aerosols depend critically on the aerosol particle size distribution and its variability. Despite extensive research spanning several decades, the scientific understanding of the particle size distribution of stratospheric aerosols is still incomplete. Particle size estimates (often represented by the median radius of an assumed monomodal log-normal distribution with a fixed width or by the effective radius) reported in different studies cover a wide range, even under background stratospheric conditions, and particle size estimates retrieved from satellite solar-occultation measurements in the optical spectral range show a tendency to be systematically larger than retrievals based on other optical methods. In this contribution we suggest a potential reason for these systematic differences. Differences between the actual aerosol particle size distribution and the size distribution function assumed for aerosol size retrievals may lead to systematic differences in retrieved aerosol size estimates. We demonstrate that these systematic differences may differ significantly for different measurement techniques, which is related to the different sensitivities of these measurement techniques to specific parts of the aerosol particle population. In particular, stratospheric-aerosol size retrievals based on solar-occultation observations may yield systematically larger particle size estimates (median or effective radii) compared to, e.g., lidar backscatter measurements. Aerosol concentration, on the other hand, may be systematically smaller in retrievals based on occultation measurements compared to lidar measurements. The results indicate that stratospheric-aerosol size retrievals based on occultation or lidar measurements have to be interpreted with caution, as long as the actual aerosol particle size distribution is not well known.
A new lidar inversion method using a surface reference target applied to the backscattering coefficient and lidar ratio retrievals of a fog-oil plume at short range
Authors: Gaudfrin Florian , Pujol Olivier , Ceolato Romain , Huss Guillaume , Riviere Nicolas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. In this paper, a new elastic lidar inversion equation is presented.
It is based on the backscattering signal from a surface reference target (SRT)
rather than that from a volumetric layer of reference (Rayleigh molecular scatterer) as is usually done. The method presented can be used when the optical properties of such a layer are not available, e.g., in the case of airborne elastic lidar measurements or when the lidar–target line is horizontal Also, a new algorithm is described to retrieve the lidar ratio and the backscattering coefficient of an aerosol plume without any a priori assumptions about the plume. In addition, our algorithm allows a determination of the instrumental constant.
This algorithm is theoretically tested, viz. by means of simulated lidar profiles and then using real measurements. Good agreement with available data in the literature has been found.
Annual oil palm plantation maps in Malaysia and Indonesia from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Xu Yidi , Yu Le , Li Wei , Ciais Philippe , Cheng Yuqi , Gong Peng
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Increasing global demand of vegetable oils and biofuels
results in significant oil palm expansion in southeastern Asia, predominately
in Malaysia and Indonesia. The land conversion to oil palm plantations has posed
risks to deforestation (50 % of the oil palm was taken from forest during
1990–2005; Koh and Wilcove, 2008), loss of biodiversity and greenhouse
gas emission over the past decades. Quantifying the consequences of oil palm
expansion requires fine-scale and frequently updated datasets of land cover
dynamics. Previous studies focused on total changes for a multi-year
interval without identifying the exact time of conversion, causing
uncertainty in the timing of carbon emission estimates from land cover
change. Using Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type
L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR), ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 and Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) datasets, we produced an annual
oil palm area dataset (AOPD) at 100 m resolution in Malaysia and
Indonesia from 2001 to 2016. We first mapped the oil palm extent using
PALSAR and PALSAR-2
data for 2007–2010 and 2015–2016 and then applied a
disturbance and recovery algorithm (Breaks For Additive Season and Trend – BFAST) to detect land cover change
time points using MODIS data during the years without PALSAR data (2011–2014
and 2001–2006). The new oil palm land cover maps are assessed to have an
accuracy of 86.61 % in the mapping step (2007–2010 and 2015–2016). During
the intervening years when MODIS data are used, 75.74 % of the detected change
time matched the timing of actual conversion using Google Earth and
Landsat images. The AOPD revealed spatiotemporal oil palm dynamics
every year and shows that plantations expanded from 2.59 to 6.39×106 ha and
from 3.00 to 12.66×106 ha in Malaysia and Indonesia, respectively (i.e. a net
increase of 146.60 % and 322.46 %) between 2001 and 2016. The higher
trends from our dataset are consistent with those from the national
inventories, with limited annual average difference in Malaysia (0.2×106 ha)
and Indonesia (−0.17×106 ha). We highlight the capability of combining
multiple-resolution radar and optical satellite datasets in annual
plantation mapping to a large extent by using image classification and
statistical boundary-based change detection to achieve long time series. The
consistent characterization of oil palm dynamics can be further used in
downstream applications. The annual oil palm plantation maps from 2001 to
2016 at 100 m resolution are published in the Tagged Image File Format with
georeferencing information (GeoTIFF) at
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3467071 (Xu et al., 2019).
Deep-sea sediments of the global ocean
Authors: Diesing Markus
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Although the deep-sea floor accounts for more than 70 % of the Earth's surface, there has been little progress in relation to deriving maps of seafloor sediment distribution based on transparent, repeatable and automated methods such as machine learning. A new digital map of the spatial distribution of seafloor lithologies in the deep sea below 500 m water depth is presented to address this shortcoming. The lithology map is accompanied by estimates of the probability of the most probable class, which may be interpreted as a spatially-explicit measure of confidence in the predictions, and probabilities for the occurrence of seven lithology classes (Calcareous sediment, Clay, Diatom ooze, Lithogenous sediment, Mixed calcareous-siliceous ooze, Radiolarian ooze and Siliceous mud). These map products were derived by the application of the Random Forest machine learning algorithm to a homogenised dataset of seafloor lithology samples and global environmental predictor variables that were selected based on the current understanding of the controls on the spatial distribution of deep-sea sediments. The overall accuracy of the lithology map is 69.5 %, with 95 % confidence limits of 67.9 % and 71.1 %. It is expected that the map products are useful for various purposes including, but not limited to, teaching, management, spatial planning, design of marine protected areas and as input for global spatial predictions of marine species distributions and seafloor sediment properties. The map products are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911692 (Diesing, 2020).
A novel approach for the assessment of morphological evolution based on observed water levels in tide-dominated estuaries
Authors: Cai Huayang , Zhang Ping , Garel Erwan , Matte Pascal , Hu Shuai , Liu Feng , Yang Qingshu
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Assessing the impacts of both natural (e.g. tidal forcing from the ocean) and human-induced changes (e.g. dredging for navigation and land reclamation) on estuarine morphology is particularly important for the protection and management of the estuarine environment. In this study, a novel analytical approach is proposed for the assessment of estuarine morphological evolution in terms of tidally averaged depth on the basis of the observed water levels along the estuary. The key lies in deriving a relationship between wave celerity and tidal damping or amplification. For given observed water levels at two gauging stations, it is possible to have a first estimation of both wave celerity (distance divided by tidal travelling time) and tidal damping or amplification rate (tidal range difference divided by distance), which can then be used to predict the morphological changes via an inverse analytical model for tidal hydrodynamics. The proposed method is applied to the Lingdingyang Bay of the Pearl River Estuary, located on the southern coast of China, to analyse the historical development of the tidal hydrodynamics and morphological evolution. The analytical results show surprisingly good correspondence with observed water depth and volume in this system. The merit of the proposed method is that it provides a simple approach for understanding the decadal evolution of the estuarine morphology through the use of observed water levels, which are usually available and can be easily measured.
Data-driven versus self-similar parameterizations for stochastic advection by Lie transport and location uncertainty
Authors: Resseguier Valentin , Pan Wei , Fox-Kemper Baylor
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Stochastic subgrid parameterizations enable ensemble forecasts of fluid dynamic systems and ultimately accurate data assimilation (DA). Stochastic advection by Lie transport (SALT) and models under location uncertainty (LU) are recent and similar physically based stochastic schemes. SALT dynamics conserve helicity, whereas LU models conserve kinetic energy (KE). After highlighting general similarities between LU and SALT frameworks, this paper focuses on their common challenge: the
parameterization choice. We compare uncertainty quantification skills of a stationary heterogeneous data-driven parameterization and a non-stationary homogeneous self-similar parameterization. For stationary, homogeneous surface quasi-geostrophic (SQG; QG) turbulence, both parameterizations lead to high-quality ensemble forecasts. This paper also discusses a heterogeneous adaptation of the homogeneous parameterization targeted at a better simulation of strong straight buoyancy fronts.