bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The first study of genetic diversity and population structure of Indo- Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) and pantropical spotted dolphin (Stenella attenuata) in the Thai Andaman Sea based on ISSR
Authors: Piboon Promporn , Poommouang Anocha , Buddhachat Kittisak , Kaewmong Patcharaporn , Kittiwattanawong Kongkiat , Nganvongpanit Korakot
Published: August 2022

Background and Aim: The Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus, and the pantropical spotted dolphin, Stenella attenuata, are protected marine mammals in Thailand; however, knowledge regarding the populations of both species in Thai seas is minimal. We aimed to reveal the genetic diversity and population structure of two species, T. aduncus, and S. attenuata, based on inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs). Materials and Methods: Samples of stranded T. aduncus (n = 30) and S. attenuata (n = 23) found along Thai Andaman Sea coasts from 1998 to 2018 were used in this study. A total of 17 and 16 ISSR primers that produced clear and polymorphic bands were selected for T. aduncus and S. attenuata, respectively. Results: The highest percentages of polymorphic bands for T. aduncus and S. attenuata were 93.750% and 92.857%, respectively. Phylogenetic dendrograms indicated that the population of each species was clustered into three groups. This outcome was consistent with the genetic population structure, as both suggested three genetic clusters (ΔK = 3). Genetic diversity analysis revealed that the average Shannon's information index (I) was 1.926 ± 0.066 for T. aduncus and 1.714 ± 0.090 for S. attenuata, which indicate a high level of genetic variation. Further, low fixation index (F) values were observed for T. aduncus and S. attenuata at –0.231 ± 0.024 and –0.312 ± 0.042, respectively, suggesting that inbreeding is unlikely to have occurred for both species over the past decades. Conclusion: At least three genetic clusters of both species were found in the Thai Andaman Sea, and the diversity indices of each species indicated that these species are not at a critical level for extinction. However, monitoring their population status should be prioritized to observe any future changes in the level of diversity.
Equivalência terminológica no contexto universitário
Authors: Boveto Andressa Caroline Flamia
Published: August 2022

As relações de equivalência configuram-se como um campo de estudo, também, no âmbito das linguagens de especialidade, isto é, da Terminologia. Textos especializados e, consequentemente, termos de diferentes idiomas são utilizados com frequência entre universidades que visam a fomentar seus processos de internacionalização e necessitam da compreensão de unidades terminológicas referentes aos setores e departamentos da instituição. Com o intuito de identificar equivalentes para termos nesse contexto, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa de Mestrado, da qual foi possível extrair dados numéricos e que puderam ser apresentados por meio de gráfico no presente estudo. O objetivo deste, portanto, é verificar, nos corpora selecionados, os diferentes graus de equivalência de termos referentes à estrutura as universidades. Para tanto, utilizou-se documentos institucionais das sete universidades estaduais paranaenses, relevantes nos níveis nacional e estadual, e de sete universidades dos Estados Unidos da América (EUA), em língua inglesa. Os autores utilizados como base foram, por exemplo, Dubuc (1980), Cabré (1999), Jesus e Alves (2009), Nadin (2009), Hudzik (2011), entre outros. Os resultados demonstram, principalmente, que 32% dos termos selecionados não possuem equivalentes e correspondentes nos corpora, enquanto 68% apresentou algum grau de equivalência (equivalência e/ou correspondência).
Voluntary Green Commitment and Optimal Privatization Policy in a Mixed Eco-Industry
Authors: Park Chul-Hi , Lee Sang-Ho , Nakamura Tamotsu
Published: August 2022

This study investigates the impact of target emissions from polluting firms on the production of green technology and the optimal policy decisions of privatization on the eco-industry under their voluntary commitments. For this, we formulate a vertical structure consisting of a downstream polluting industry and an upstream mixed eco-industry where private and public eco-firms produce emission abatement goods. The results show a U-shaped non-monotone relationship between environmental damage and the optimal degree of privatization, that is, welfare-maximizing public ownership is full nationalization or full or partial privatization, depending on the environmental damage. It supports that the government should have large ownership of partially privatized eco-firms for environmental protection, especially when environmental damage is serious.
A structured approach to EHR surveillance of diagnostic error in acute care: an exploratory analysis of two institutionally-defined case cohorts
Authors: Malik Maria A. , Motta-Calderon Daniel , Piniella Nicholas , Garber Alison , Konieczny Kaitlyn , Lam Alyssa , Plombon Savanna , Carr Kevin , Yoon Catherine , Griffin Jacqueline , Lipsitz Stuart , Schnipper Jeffrey L. , Bates David W. , Dalal Anuj K.
Published: August 2022

Objectives

To test a structured electronic health record (EHR) case review process to identify diagnostic errors (DE) and diagnostic process failures (DPFs) in acute care.

Methods

We adapted validated tools (Safer Dx, Diagnostic Error Evaluation Research [DEER] Taxonomy) to assess the diagnostic process during the hospital encounter and categorized 13 postulated e-triggers. We created two test cohorts of all preventable cases (n=28) and an equal number of randomly sampled non-preventable cases (n=28) from 365 adult general medicine patients who expired and underwent our institution’s mortality case review process. After excluding patients with a length of stay of more than one month, each case was reviewed by two blinded clinicians trained in our process and by an expert panel. Inter-rater reliability was assessed. We compared the frequency of DE contributing to death in both cohorts, as well as mean DPFs and e-triggers for DE positive and negative cases within each cohort.

Results

Twenty-seven (96.4%) preventable and 24 (85.7%) non-preventable cases underwent our review process. Inter-rater reliability was moderate between individual reviewers (Cohen’s kappa 0.41) and substantial with the expert panel (Cohen’s kappa 0.74). The frequency of DE contributing to death was significantly higher for the preventable compared to the non-preventable cohort (56% vs. 17%, OR 6.25 [1.68, 23.27], p<0.01). Mean DPFs and e-triggers were significantly and non-significantly higher for DE positive compared to DE negative cases in each cohort, respectively.

Conclusions

We observed substantial agreement among final consensus and expert panel reviews using our structured EHR case review process. DEs contributing to death associated with DPFs were identified in institutionally designated preventable and non-preventable cases. While e-triggers may be useful for discriminating DE positive from DE negative cases, larger studies are required for validation. Our approach has potential to augment institutional mortality case review processes with respect to DE surveillance.
Making Sense of Landscape: A New Study of Sound Propagation between Tarquinian Funerary and Habitation Settings
Authors: Ortoleva Jacqueline
Published: August 2022

The study of pre-Roman landscape settings has progressed across a long trajectory in its consideration of urban and rural adaptations in Etruria. Such studies, while providing valuable details regarding social organization, have not considered the unique aural nature of the landscape, particularly with respect to funerary settings. Nowhere is this more evident than with painted chambered tombs. Our understanding of Etruscan painted tombs is still largely guided by analytic studies of tomb paintings, epigraphic sources, and typologies. Thus, the bilateral relationship between each tomb’s landscape setting and habitation contexts has been explored from a solely visual perspective, rather than from a multisensory perspective, and consequently, ritual performed in and around the tomb space remains unclear. A further understanding of perceptual constructs involving aural information offers a new way forward in confronting these realities. This article utilizes acoustic modeling tools to illustrate the potential range of audibility between the Necropoli dei Monterozzi in Tarquinia and various locations in the landscape. Acoustic and spatial data collected in 2019 inside a series of painted tombs in the Calvario area of the Necropoli dei Monterozzi in Tarquinia provides further information regarding the painted tomb’s landscape setting and its environs. The preliminary study suggests that aural information can greatly enhance our understanding of funerary practices in Tarquinia, particularly with respect to how habitation areas in Tarquinia may have engaged with funerary landscapes.
Application of embedded Linux in the design of Internet of Things gateway
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Li , Yan Pengfei , Popli Renu , Rani Poonam , Kumar Rajeev
Published: August 2022

To study the development trend of embedded platforms in home appliances Internet of Things (IoT), an application of embedded Linux in the design of IoT gateway is designed. ARM microprocessor S3C2410, EM310 radio frequency (RF) module, and Ethernet DM9000A module are used to realize the home network information-processing platform. The platform utilizes existing network facilities, RF modules, and network interface modules to realize the interconnection of the home perception network through wireless or wired links. For experimental analysis, Ping the central server (gateway) from the IoT node B is set to twice: The first time ttl = 255 time = 1.9 ms, the second time: ttl = 255 time = 2.4 ms. After application verification, the system has the characteristics of low cost, small size, low power consumption, and vital ease of use. It can not only integrate the home Internet and the IoT gateway but also directly run application-layer communication protocols such as HTTP/MQTT between IoT nodes and Internet terminals. The design supports multi-hop communication and significantly increases the deployment range of IoT nodes without signal relay equipment, hence reducing the cost of IoT networking and the complexity of the network architecture.
The Question of Transcendence and Constraint in a Panartifactual Account of Being, Knowing and Making
Authors: Baç Murat , Temizler Büke
Published: August 2022

Barry Allen defends a highly unorthodox and compact account of humans and their evolutionary adventure, which comprises inter alia epistemological, alethic, technological, and artistic aspects. His anthropocentric view distinguishes itself from traditional forms of realism and anti-realism by virtue of its dynamic and non-reductionist character. Allen adopts a certain perspective of techno-artistic and onto-epistemic construction, which we dub “panartifactualism,” claiming principally that nothing at all escapes the artifactualizing power of human beings. We maintain that, under closer scrutiny, various dimensions of Allen’s account conflict and that his philosophical approach to “being” and “making” ultimately gives rise to a rather problematic ontological picture. Having pointed out its shortcomings and untenable results, we spell out the conceptual contours of a contemporary and far more attractive version of realism which suffers neither from the issues faced by views like panartifactualism nor from the obvious difficulties of noumenalist realism justifiably opposed by Allen.
Waveguide-integrated mid-IR photodetector and all-optical modulator based on interlayer excitons absorption in a WS2/HfS2 heterostructure
Authors: Edelstein Shahar , Indukuri S. R. K. Chaitanya , Mazurski Noa , Levy Uriel
Published: August 2022

Novel 2D van der Waals semiconductors facilitate the formation of heterostructures and thus support bandgap engineering for atomically thin modern photonic applications. When these heterostructures form a type II band structure, interlayer excitons (ILEs) are formed as a result of the ultrafast charge transfer between the layers. Here, we present for the first time a waveguide-coupled, mid-IR photodetector and modulator based on the ILE absorption. The device consists of a heterostructure of a single layer of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and a few layers of hafnium disulfide (HfS2) integrated to a silicon waveguide on a sapphire substrate. We measure broadband mid-IR photodetection (3.8–5.5 µm) with responsivity in the order of tens of µA/W and with no significant effect on the waveguide’s transmission. Additionally, we demonstrate waveguide-integrated, mid-IR, all-optical modulation by controlling the ILE population with the interband transition of the individual layers of the heterostructure.
Predicting pain after standard pain therapy for knee osteoarthritis – the first steps towards personalized mechanistic-based pain medicine in osteoarthritis
Authors: Petersen Kristian Kjær-Staal
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is rising, and pain is the hallmark symptom of OA. Pain in OA is complicated and can be influenced by multiple joint-related factors and factors related to, e.g., physiological, epigenetic, and pain sensory profiles. Increasing evidence suggests that a subset of patients with OA are pain sensitive. This can be assessed using quantitative sensory testing (QST). Common treatments of OA are total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and administration of 3-weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which provide pain relief to many patients with OA. However, approx. 20% of patients experience chronic postoperative pain after TKA, whereas NSAIDs provide an average pain relief of approx. 25%. The current topical review focuses on the emerging evidence linking pretreatment QST to the treatment response of TKA and NSAID treatments.

Content

MEDLINE was systematically searched for all studies from 2000 to 2022 on pretreatment QST, TKA, and NSAIDs. Pre-clinical studies, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded.

Currently, 14 studies on TKA and four studies on NSAIDs have been published with the aim to attempt prediction of the treatment response. The QST methodologies in the studies are inconsistent, but 11/14 (79%) studies on TKA and 4/4 (100%) studies on NSAIDs report statistically significant associations between pretreatment QST and chronic postoperative pain after TKA or analgesic effect after NSAID treatment. The strength of the associations remains low-to-moderate. The most consistent pretreatment QST predictors are pressure pain thresholds, temporal summation of pain, and conditioned pain modulation.

Outlook

The use of QST as predictors of standard OA treatment is interesting, but the predictive strength remains low-to-moderate. A transition of QST from a research-based setting and into the clinic is not advised until the predictive strength has been improved and the methodology has been standardized.
Patients with post-COVID-19 vaccination facial palsy: To boost or not to boost?
Authors: Cirillo Nicola , Orlandi Massimiliano , Colella Giuseppe
Published: August 2022

A possible association between Bell’s palsy and COVID-19 vaccination has been suggested. While it is likely that COVID-19 vaccine recipients from the general population do have a slightly increased risk of developing Bell’s palsy, there are little data regarding this risk in individuals with a history of disease. Gaining a better understanding of this association is particularly important for informing evidence-based recommendations regarding future booster shots in subjects who developed Bell’s palsy as a side effect of vaccination, or as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We previously described the first case of COVID-19 vaccine-related Bell’s palsy; here we report an 18-month clinical and electromyographic follow-up and discuss the implications of receiving further vaccine doses in patients with positive disease history.
Crystal structure and specific heat of calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca4
LnO(BO3)3
Authors: Kelly Nicola D. , Savvin Stanislav , Dutton Siân E.
Published: August 2022

Calcium lanthanide oxyborates Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 are of interest for their optical and electromechanical properties. Their crystal structure has been well characterised using powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction but there remains some disagreement regarding cation ordering in these compounds. In this study, combined X-ray and neutron powder diffraction was employed to study the cation distribution and obtain accurate boron and oxygen atomic coordinates for six Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds (Ln = Pr, Nd, Tb, Ho, Er, Yb) at room temperature and one (Ln = Tb) at 50 and 1.5 K. All compounds adopt the previously reported monoclinic structure with space group Cm. The Ln
3+ ions are disordered over two of the three metal sites, with the extent of disorder increasing across the lanthanide series with decreasing ionic radius. Low-temperature neutron data for Ca4TbO(BO3)3 showed a decrease in paramagnetic scattering on cooling but no obvious magnetic Bragg or diffuse scattering at the lowest temperature of 1.5 K. We report specific heat data at cryogenic temperatures for eight Ca4
LnO(BO3)3 compounds and relate the magnetic properties of these compounds to their structural behaviour.
The cluster structure of crystalline phases according to TGA/DTA and XPS data in isodimorphic substitution series [Cu
x
Ni(1−x){N(CH2PO3)3}]Na4·nH2O (x = 0 … 1)
Authors: Chausov Feodor F. , Suksin Nikita E. , Kholzakov Aleksandr V. , Lomova Natalya V. , Kazantseva Irina S. , Rybin Dmitry S.
Published: August 2022

The cluster structure, thermochemical behavior, and some mechanisms of thermal decomposition of the crystalline products in the isodimorphic substitution series Cu
x
Ni(1−x)NTP (x = 0 … 1) have been studied by simultaneous the thermal gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The complexes NiNTP and Cu1/8Ni7/8NTP with a monoclinic crystal structure are the most thermo-stable and characterized by one-step decomposition at 400–440 °C with the formation of metal phosphides and phosphates. The complexes Cu3/8Ni5/8NTP–Cu3/4Ni1/4NTP with the triclinic crystal lattice and the trigonal-bipyramidal coordination of metal atoms decompose in two steps. Firstly, the formation of a heteroligand complex with imino-bis-methylenephosphonic and methylphosphonic acids takes place at 245 °C. Secondly, the complex decomposes at 270–380 °C. The monometallic complex CuNTP decomposes almost completely at 280–300 °C.
Cannabis Use as a Protective Factor Against Overweight in HIV-Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infected People (ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Cohort)
Authors: Barré Tangui , Sogni Philippe , Zaegel-Faucher Olivia , Wittkop Linda , Marcellin Fabienne , Carrieri Patrizia , Gervais Anne , Levier Axel , Rosenthal Eric , Salmon-Céron Dominique , Protopopescu Camelia ,   the ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH Study Group
Published: August 2022

Overweight is increasingly prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH), and is a high risk factor for metabolic disorders in this population. PLWH co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) have a higher risk of metabolic disorders than their mono-infected counterparts. The putative relationship between cannabis use and body weight found in the general population has never been documented in HIV-HCV co-infected people. We tested whether cannabis use is associated with body mass index (BMI), overweight, and underweight in HCV co-infected PLWH (N = 992). Mixed-effects linear and logistic regression models were used to study the association between cannabis use and the three outcomes over time. After multivariable adjustment, cannabis use was inversely associated with BMI. Cannabis use was associated with a lower and higher risk of overweight and underweight, respectively. Cannabis use should be assessed and taken into account in the clinical management of the HIV-HCV co-infected population.
Hierarchical Individual Naturalistic Functional Brain Networks with Group Consistency Uncovered by a Two-Stage NAS-Volumetric Sparse DBN Framework
Authors: Xu Shuhan , Ren Yudan , Tao Zeyang , Song Limei , He Xiaowei
Published: August 2022

The functional magnetic resonance imaging under naturalistic paradigm (NfMRI) showed great advantages in identifying complex and interactive functional brain networks (FBNs) because of its dynamics and multimodal information. In recent years, various deep learning models, such as deep convolutional autoencoder (DCAE), deep belief network (DBN), and volumetric sparse DBN (vsDBN), can obtain hierarchical FBNs and temporal features from fMRI data. Among them, the vsDBN model revealed a good capability in identifying hierarchical FBNs by modeling fMRI volume images. However, because of the high dimensionality of fMRI volumes and the diverse training parameters of deep learning methods, especially the network architecture that is the most critical parameter for uncovering the hierarchical organization of human brain function, researchers still face challenges in designing an appropriate deep learning framework with automatic network architecture optimization to model volumetric NfMRI. In addition, most of the existing deep learning models ignore the group-wise consistency and intersubject variation properties embedded in NfMRI volumes. To solve these problems, we proposed a two-stage neural architecture search (NAS) and vsDBN model (two-stage NAS-vsDBN model) to identify the hierarchical human brain spatiotemporal features possessing both group consistency and individual uniqueness under naturalistic condition. Moreover, our model defined reliable network structure for modeling volumetric NfMRI data via NAS framework, and the group-level and individual-level FBNs and associated temporal features exhibited great consistency. In general, our method well identified the hierarchical temporal and spatial features of the brain function and revealed the crucial properties of neural processes under natural viewing condition.
Phase Advancing Is a Common Property of Multiple Neuron Classes in the Mouse Retina
Authors: DePiero Victor J. , Borghuis Bart G.
Published: August 2022

Behavioral interactions with moving objects are challenged by response latencies within the sensory and motor nervous systems. In vision, the combined latency from phototransduction and synaptic transmission from the retina to central visual areas amounts to 50–100 ms, depending on stimulus conditions. Time required for generating appropriate motor output adds to this latency and further compounds the behavioral delay. Neuronal adaptations that help counter sensory latency within the retina have been demonstrated in some species, but how general these specializations are, and where in the circuitry they originate, remains unclear. To address this, we studied the timing of object motion-evoked responses at multiple signaling stages within the mouse retina using two-photon fluorescence calcium and glutamate imaging, targeted whole-cell electrophysiology, and computational modeling. We found that both ON-type and OFF-type ganglion cells, as well as the bipolar cells that innervate them, temporally advance the position encoding of a moving object and so help counter the inherent signaling delay in the retina. Model simulations show that this predictive capability is a direct consequence of the spatial extent of the cells’ linear visual receptive field, with no apparent specialized circuits that help predict beyond it.
Abstinence-Dependent Effects of Long-Access Cocaine Self-Administration on Nucleus Accumbens Astrocytes Are Observed in Male, But Not Female, Rats
Authors: Kim Ronald , Testen Anze , Harder Eden V. , Brown Natalie E. , Witt Emily A. , Bellinger Tania J. , Franklin Janay P. , Reissner Kathryn J.
Published: August 2022

Accumulating evidence indicates significant consequences for astrocytes associated with drug abuse. For example, reductions in structural features and synaptic colocalization of male rat nucleus accumbens (NAc) astrocytes are observed following short-access (ShA; 2 h/d) self-administration and extinction from cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin. However, it is unknown whether these observations extend to other rodent models of drug abuse, how enduring these effects may be, and whether similar effects are observed in female rats. Here, we assess the effects of long-access (LgA; 6 h/d) cocaine self-administration and abstinence on NAc astrocytes separately in male and female rats, employing a commonly used behavioral approach to investigate the incubation of cocaine craving. NAc astrocytes from male rats exhibit extensive (∼40%) reductions in surface area, volume, and postsynaptic colocalization 45 d but not 24 h after the last self-administration session. In contrast, no effect of self-administration and abstinence was observed in astrocytes from female rats. Moreover, no effect of LgA self-administration and abstinence was observed on NAc GLT-1 expression in female rats, an effect that has been well described in males. These results indicate striking and sexually dimorphic effects of abstinence subsequent to LgA self-administration on astrocytes. Taken together, these results indicate a pivotal role of prolonged abstinence in the effects of cocaine self-administration on NAc astrocytes, and extend a growing body of evidence regarding sex differences in the cellular consequences of drug self-administration in the brain.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF GOAT SKINS USED IN THE PRODUCTION OF TULUM CHEESE AND CHANGES IN RIPENING ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: GÜN İlhan , SEYDİM Zeynep
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to determine the physical, chemical, and textural properties of goatskin used in the production of Tulum cheese and the traditional and industrial ripening conditions. Natural ripening conditions (caves) and some parameters (temperature, humidity, oxygen, and CO2 values) of the cold storage of the dairy plants were examined between March and October. It was determined that the temperature and moisture content of the natural cave where cheese ripening was carried out was different from that of the dairy factory storage conditions. The oxygen and carbon dioxide ratios were similar in both ripening conditions. The effects of skin thickness, fat, and skin structure, especially tensile strength, elongation break, tear strength, air, water vapor, and oxygen permeability properties were statistically significant. The goatskins' tensile strength, elongation at break and tear strength values were 9.16-36.48 daN, 22.57-81.57 N, and 35.4-150.28 N/mm, respectively. When used as a casing material for the ripening of Tulum cheese, the effect of the skin's properties such as Oxygen, water vapor, and air permeability on the product was found to be significant. The present study determined that goatskin's outward air permeability was 6.6-10.95 times higher than the inward air permeability.
Regulation of membrane fluidity by RNF145‐triggered degradation of the lipid hydrolase ADIPOR2
Authors: Volkmar Norbert , Gawden‐Bone Christian M , Williamson James C , Nixon‐Abell Jonathon , West James A , St George‐Hyslop Peter H , Kaser Arthur , Lehner Paul J
Published: August 2022

The regulation of membrane lipid composition is critical for cellular homeostasis. Cells are particularly sensitive to phospholipid saturation, with increased saturation causing membrane rigidification and lipotoxicity. How mammalian cells sense membrane lipid composition and reverse fatty acid (FA)‐induced membrane rigidification is poorly understood. Here we systematically identify proteins that differ between mammalian cells fed saturated versus unsaturated FAs. The most differentially expressed proteins were two ER‐resident polytopic membrane proteins: the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF145 and the lipid hydrolase ADIPOR2. In unsaturated lipid membranes, RNF145 is stable, promoting its lipid‐sensitive interaction, ubiquitination and degradation of ADIPOR2. When membranes become enriched in saturated FAs, RNF145 is rapidly auto‐ubiquitinated and degraded, stabilising ADIPOR2, whose hydrolase activity restores lipid homeostasis and prevents lipotoxicity. We therefore identify RNF145 as a FA‐responsive ubiquitin ligase which, together with ADIPOR2, defines an autoregulatory pathway that controls cellular membrane lipid homeostasis and prevents acute lipotoxic stress.
E‐cadherin mediates apical membrane initiation site localisation duringde novopolarisation of epithelial cavities
Authors: Liang Xuan , Weberling Antonia , Hii Chun Yuan , Zernicka‐Goetz Magdalena , Buckley Clare E
Published: August 2022

Individual cells withinde novopolarising tubes and cavities must integrate their forming apical domains into a centralised apical membrane initiation site (AMIS). This is necessary to enable organised lumen formation within multi‐cellular tissue. Despite the well‐documented importance of cell division in localising the AMIS, we have found a division‐independent mechanism of AMIS localisation that relies instead on Cadherin‐mediated cell–cell adhesion. Our study ofde novopolarising mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) cultured in 3D suggests that cell–cell adhesion localises apical proteins such as PAR‐6 to a centralised AMIS. Unexpectedly, we also found that mESC clusters lacking functional E‐cadherin still formed a lumen‐like cavity in the absence of AMIS localisation but did so at a later stage of development via a “closure” mechanism, instead of via hollowing. This work suggests that there are two, interrelated mechanisms of apical polarity localisation: cell adhesion and cell division. Alignment of these mechanisms in space allows for redundancy in the system and ensures the development of a coherent epithelial structure within a growing organ.
CTCF shapes chromatin structure and gene expression in health and disease
Authors: Dehingia Bondita , Milewska Małgorzata , Janowski Marcin , Pękowska Aleksandra
Published: August 2022

CCCTC‐binding factor (CTCF) is an eleven zinc finger (ZF), multivalent transcriptional regulator, that recognizes numerous motifs thanks to the deployment of distinct combinations of its ZFs. The great majority of the ~50,000 genomic locations bound by the CTCF protein in a given cell type is intergenic, and a fraction of these sites overlaps with transcriptional enhancers. Furthermore, a proportion of the regions bound by CTCF intersect genes and promoters. This suggests multiple ways in which CTCF may impact gene expression. At promoters, CTCF can directly affect transcription. At more distal sites, CTCF may orchestrate interactions between regulatory elements and help separate eu‐ and heterochromatic areas in the genome, exerting a chromatin barrier function. In this review, we outline how CTCF contributes to the regulation of the three‐dimensional structure of chromatin and the formation of chromatin domains. We discuss how CTCF binding and architectural functions are regulated. We examine the literature implicating CTCF in controlling gene expression in development and disease both by acting as an insulator and a factor facilitating regulatory elements to efficiently interact with each other in the nuclear space.
PARENTS AND ADOLESCENTS IN THE POST-DIVORCE PERIOD: THE EFFECTS ON ADOLESCENT PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Dykes Glynnis , Ward Maxine
Published: August 2022

Although the effects of divorce on younger children have been researched, the same cannot be said for adolescents and their future development. This study focused on participants’ experiences of divorce and the effects on adolescent children during the post-divorce phase. Because this topic is relatively unexplored, a qualitative exploratory design was selected as few studies have investigated the post-divorce phase. Purposive and snowball sampling secured 12 adult and adolescent participants until data saturation was reached. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted, and two main themes emerged from the thematic data analysis. The two main themes were the psychosocial effects of divorce on adolescents, and role confusion. Institutional permission was obtained before commencement of the study as well as the requisite informed consent from the participants. Keywords: adolescent, adolescence, divorce, parents, post-divorce, psychosocial development
Physiological levels of estradiol limit murine osteoarthritis progression
Authors: Corciulo Carmen , Scheffler Julia M , Humeniuk Piotr , Del Carpio Pons Alicia , Stubelius Alexandra , Von Mentzer Ula , Drevinge Christina , Barrett Aidan , Wüstenhagen Sofia , Poutanen Matti , Ohlsson Claes , Lagerquist Marie K , Islander Ulrika
Published: August 2022

Among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA), postmenopausal women are over-represented. The purpose of this study was to determine whether deficiency of female sex steroids affects OA progression and to evaluate the protective effect of treatment with a physiological dose of 17β-estradiol (E2) on OA progression using a murine model. Ovariectomy (OVX) of female mice was used to mimic a postmenopausal state. OVX or sham-operated mice underwent surgery for destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) to induce OA. E2 was administered in a pulsed manner for 2 and 8 weeks. OVX of OA mice did not influence the cartilage phenotype or synovial thickness, while both cortical and trabecular subchondral bone mineral density (BMD) decreased after OVX compared with sham-operated mice at 8 weeks post-DMM surgery. Additionally, OVX mice displayed decreased motor activity, reduced threshold of pain sensitivity, and increased number of T cells in the inguinal lymph nodes compared to sham-operated mice 2 weeks after OA induction. Eight weeks of treatment with E2 prevented cartilage damage and thickening of the synovium in OVX OA mice. The motor activity was improved after E2 replacement at the 2 weeks time point, which was also associated with lower pain sensitivity in the OA paw. E2 treatment protected against OVX-induced loss of subchondral trabecular bone. The number of T cells in the inguinal lymph nodes was reduced by E2 treatment after 8 weeks. This study demonstrates that treatment with a physiological dose of E2 exerts a protective role by reducing OA symptoms.
An Analysis of Total Arch Re-Replacement After Proximal Aortic Surgery
Authors: Wang He , Sun Yangyong , Peng Jianhui , Zhao Libo , Xu Hongjie , Xu Zhiyun , Zhang Guanxin
Published: August 2022

Background: After proximal aortic surgery, total arch replacement (TAR) may again be needed because of recurrent dissection or aneurysm. This paper analyzed the relevant data of this technology with hopes of improving cognition and treatment.
Methods: There were a total of 60 eligible cases of secondary TAR after proximal aortic surgery in our center from 2010 to 2020. The primary surgical procedures included aortic valve replacement (AVR), ascending aortic replacement, Bentall, hemi-arch replacement, and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 for Windows™ and presented as the mean ± standard deviations and direct frequencies, as appropriate.
Results: The interval between two operations was 44.8±53.6 months, 24 cases (40%) underwent emergency operation, the recurrence of type A dissection included 51 cases, accounting for 85% of the causes of total arch re-replacement. In the second surgical procedures, the ascending + TAR + stented elephant trunk (SET) implantation accounted for 75.0%. The overall surgical success rate was 98.3%. Postoperative respiratory complications were the most common, including infection, pneumothorax and hemothorax in 21 cases (35.6%). The second most common complication was acute kidney injury (AKI) in six cases (10.2%), and neurological complications took place in three cases (5.1%). The 30-day mortality rate was 15.3% and the 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 96.0%, 84.0%, and 76.0%, respectively.
Conclusions: The recurrence of dissection is the main cause of TAR after proximal aortic surgery, followed by aneurysm and the resurgical criteria for aneurysm needs to be unified. In addition to TAR, SET also is widely used. Despite high early mortality, its long-term prognosis is acceptable.
Frequency and Risk Factors of Unplanned 30-Day Readmission After Open Heart Surgeries: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Almramhi Khalid , Aljehani Mohammed , Bamuflih Mohammed , Alghamdi Saad , Banser Sultan , Almousa Abdullah , ALABDULWAHAB SALEH , Al-Ebrahim Khalid
Published: August 2022

Background: Unplanned 30-day readmission post-cardiac surgery imposes higher risks for complications, increased costs, and unfavorable events for the care provider and patient. This study was to determine the unplanned readmission rate, determinants, and most common events within 30 days post-cardiac surgery. Recommendations to prevent or minimize these complications are included.
Methods: Setting and design – a retrospective record review was conducted among all adult patients, who underwent open heart surgery between 2010 and 2020 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Using Google Forms, we manually collected data from hospital records. Statistical analysis used: binomial logistic regression model (using the backward stepwise method). Regression outcomes were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. A P-value of < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
Results: Among 400 patients who underwent cardiac surgery, 343 patients were included in the study, including 53 unplanned readmissions, which was a rate of 16.3% (95% CI, 12.8 to 20.6%). The most frequently reported reasons for readmission were sternal wound infections (7.3%), pleural effusion (2.0%), and heart failure (1.7%). Female gender, high postoperative LDH and urea were the most important risk factors.
Conclusion: Discharge planning, patient education, and cardiac surgery nurse home visit constitute the most important factors to minimize 30 days of unplanned readmission.
Interdisciplinary Coordination in the Primary School Teacher and Educator Training System
Authors: Humeniuk Iryna , Blyznyuk Tetyana
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the problem of realization of interdisciplinary connections in the process of preparation of future primary school teachers and educators of preschool educational institutions. The emphasis is placed on the need to apply a competency-based approach to ensure the mobility and adaptability of graduates of pedagogical institutions of higher education in compliance with international educational standards. The semantic characteristics of the concept of "interdisciplinary coordination" are analyzed in order to linguistically substantiate the choice of terminological tokens from a number of synonyms and to build a hierarchy of the studied concepts. Interdisciplinarity is inherent in the holistic process of forming the components of the competency paradigm in the training of specialists in the pedagogical field. From the standpoint of the competence approach, interdisciplinary coordination involves creating conditions for the synthesis of knowledge and experience of behavior in a professional context. The classification distribution of interdisciplinary coordination in accordance with the methods and directions of its implementation in the system of training future primary school teachers and educators is carried out. The signs of regressive and progressive interdisciplinary coordination and the practical aspect of their implementation within the educational and professional programs "Primary Education" and "Preschool Education" are determined. The system-synergetic connections between the blocks of academic courses by types of interdisciplinary coordination within the studied specialties are visualized. The emphasis is placed on the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative indicators not only within one type of interdisciplinary coordination, but also between them within the axis in response to public demands. The advantage of progressive horizontal interdisciplinary coordination in the training of preschool education specialists has been established. Implementation of an interdisciplinary approach in the methodological system of education is a determining condition for the effectiveness of the formation of competencies of future specialists in the pedagogical field.
Soft Skills Formation of Future Athletes and Physical Education Teachers
Authors: Kondur Oksana , Mykhailyshyn Halyna , Serman Lesia
Published: August 2022

The article presents the main aspects of theoretical and experimental study of the conditions for the “soft skills” formation of future athletes and physical education teachers in higher education institution. The content and features of the “soft skills” formation of a professional are revealed. The place of "soft skills" in the professional structure of the athlete and teacher personality and the role in the implementation of professional activities is determined. Complex multi-level solution of problems; critical thinking; creativity; people management; cooperation with others; emotional intelligence; judgment and decision making; customer orientation; ability to negotiate; cognitive flexibility; stress resistance; effective job search have been chosen for criteria of "soft skills" formation of university students majoring in physical culture and sports. Levels of formation of "soft skills" are ranked according to the degree of manifestation into initial, low, medium and high.With the help of these indicators, the conditions for the effective “soft skills” formation of modern students in the field of physical education and sport of higher education institutions are experimentally tested.It is recommended to supplement part of the educational components of the professional training of the educational program with topics that will contribute to the formation of "soft skills". It is important to target students to participate in soft skills training, and also to bring up the need for self-improvement as soft skills are crucial for graduates in employment and career development in the context of globalization.
Improving the Quality of Teacher Training for the Organization of Dialogic Education of Primary School Students: Methodical Aspect
Authors: Fomin Kateryna , Boiko Halyna
Published: August 2022

The article presents organizational and methodological aspects of professional training of future primary school teachers for dialogic learning of students. Dialogic learning is a kind of interactive organization of the educational process, based on mutual understanding and interaction, considered by the author as an effective factor of improving professional future primary school teachers’ skills. The organizational aspects of the effective practical solution of the researched problem are outlined, such as dialogization of the content of education; introduction of various forms of productive dialogues and a system of methods of problem-based learning; dialogization of communication as a means of creation a certain psycho-emotional educational microenvironment; formation of future specialists’ skills of critical reflection as an internal dialogue for self-improvement and self-development. The pedagogical potential of the disciplines of psycho-pedagogical and professional-methodical orientation on the dialogue of the educational process is determined. It has been proved that effective forms and methods of dialogic learning in teacher training are: training, group activities, problem lectures, interactive classes, discussions, didactic games, business- and role-playing games, etc. The basic principles of pedagogical ethics and culture of the organization of dialogic training within the study of an elective course “Communicative Pedagogy” are emphasized. It was found that the quality of dialogic learning is determined by the level of formation of participants’ communicative competence in pedagogical interaction, especially their mastery of the basic techniques of listening. The author’s materials from the dissertation “Preparation of primary school teachers for the organization of dialogic training” for PhD (K. Fomin, 2020) are partially used in the article.
Improvement of the Quality of Future Engineers’ Social and Humanitarian Training in the Higher Technical Education Institution
Authors: Palahniuk Mykhailo
Published: August 2022

The article highlights the urgency of training highly qualified and competitive engineers in the labor market under the requirements of the world economy, the level of technological development, and taking into account societal demands for the quality of educational services. International experience of training future specialists and directions of improving the skills of engineering and technical personnel are analyzed. The results of the study of educational programs for the training of future engineers in the institution of higher technical education are presented.  The necessity of updating the content of education based on professional and creative training of specialists in the field of engineering has been proved, considering it as a holistic process of personal and professional development of the graduate. The pedagogical potential of social sciences and humanities about the professional development of engineering and technical specialists is presented. Interdisciplinary courses are offered, which are aimed at philosophical understanding of the socio-economic situation in the country and the world, the development of critical thinking and abilities to organize one's own business, management skills, and more. Several methodological aspects of the implementation of pedagogical innovations in higher education are substantiated, including business and role-playing games, Problem Based Learning, Project-Based Learning, Oxford Debates, group work, interactive training, and workshops. The importance of professional communication as a complex socio-psychological formation is associated with the process of training future engineers and characterizes the level of formation of integrative knowledge, professional skills, and abilities. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to develop highly qualified specialists’ creative thinking, the initiative in decision-making, the ability to work in a team on solving philosophical issues, etc. The author has proven convincingly the urgency for preventing various forms of discrimination against people with special educational needs, as well as avoiding gender stereotypes and ideas in the institution of engineering and technical profile.