bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diderot, Raynal et l’historiographie des origines dans l’Histoire des deux Indes
Authors: Brot Muriel
Published: April 2018

La remontée vers les temps anciens, sans laquelle on ne peut ni comprendre ni infléchir les déterminismes historiques qui régissent les changements moraux, économiques et politiques des sociétés, est un élément constant et fondamental de la méthode comparative de l’Histoire des deux Indes qui part des origines pour mesurer le chemin parcouru dans le progrès comme dans la décadence. Il va de soi qu’une histoire dotée d’un tel programme, qui voulait utiliser les leçons du passé pour organiser le présent et améliorer l’avenir des sociétés modernes, se souciait beaucoup, selon l’expression de Fontenelle, « de l’utilité de l’histoire »[1] et de la meilleure manière de l’écrire. Fontenelle voulait également présenter une histoire « qui entroit dans les motifs et dans les caractères » afin « de remonter jusqu’aux principes généraux », d’aller des « faits aux principes qui les ont produits » (Ibid., p. 176, 178). Dans la même veine critique que Fontenelle, l’Histoire des deux Indes n’hésite pas à faire l’histoire de l’histoire, à juger les productions historiographiques des siècles passés comme celles de ses contemporains.

 

[1] Bernard de Fontenelle, Sur l’histoire, dans Œuvres complètes, Paris, Fayard, 1989, t. III, p. 169.
The mass-count distinction in Dutch-speaking children with specific language impairment
Authors: Van Witteloostuijn Merel , Schaeffer Jeannette
Published: April 2018

This study reports experimental data on the acquisition of the mass-count distinction by Dutch-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI). While verbal morphosyntax is known to be impaired in SLI, nominal morphosyntax has received less attention. The mass-count distinction provides an interesting test ground: count can have a plural morpheme: bal-en (‘balls’), but mass cannot: *deeg-en (‘doughs’). Flexible nouns can easily occur in either mass or count syntax (pizza/pizza-s). Finally, object-mass nouns (e.g. furniture) are syntactically mass, but quantify over individuals, and are hypothesized to have a lexical [+individual] feature (Bale & Barner 2004). Typically developing (TD) Dutch-acquiring children become sensitive to the mass-count distinction around age 6 (van Witteloostuijn 2013).Hypothesizing that the primary impairment of SLI is in morphosyntax, and not in lexical-semantics, we predict that Dutch-speaking children with SLI older than 6 have most problems with the interpretation of flexible nouns (relying solely on morphosyntax), some problems interpreting classical count and mass nouns (supported by convention/world knowledge), and least problems interpreting object–mass nouns (relying solely on their lexical [+individual] feature). Quantity judgments based on count and mass nouns were collected from 28 Dutch children with SLI aged between 6 and 14 years old and 28 individually age-matched TD children. Confirming our predictions, the children with SLI scored significantly lower than their TD controls on flexible nouns, and, albeit to a lesser extent, on classical nouns. This underscores the (nominal) morphological deficit in SLI. In contrast, no difference between groups was found on object-mass nouns.
Foreign Capital and International Division Trap
Authors: Yuan Wenming
Published: April 2018

The paper used the panel data from 2000 to 2014 of 9 developing economies to research the effect of FDI on GVC-participation of host countries and International Division of Labor Trap from the two dimensions of theory and demonstration. And further researches are carried on, which shows that FDI is beneficial of deepening GVC-participation of developing host countries. Furthermore, FDI has solidified the international division of labor by driving the developing host countries participate into the international production system leading to be fallen into the trap of international division of labor.FDI has solidified the level of international division of labor in developing host countries through the pre embedded "GVC", and the backward embedding of GVC is good for the separate developing host countries from the bottom Division. Among the three mechanisms,Scale effect and cluster effect could not be beneficial for developing host countries to separate from the bottom of Division. The learning by doing effect and path locking effect in Inherent division of labor further lead to be fallen in the international division of labor trap.
Role of HRM in Talent Retention With Evidence
Authors: Akunda Doreen , Chen Zhixia , Gikiri Simon Ndwiga
Published: April 2018

Talent management and retention are increasingly seen as an essential practice in business sustainability strategies. It has since expanded from the sporting fraternity and the arts, particularly in the entertainment industry to become a global practice. This paper discusses the purpose and strategies used for talent management. Using a case study approach that combines the use of Reflexive Account (a retrospective analysis) and content analysis of firm reports, this paper identifies the Human Resource management practices implemented by one firm, MTN-Uganda as a case that provides human resource practitioners with evidence of the practical utility of various talent management and retention strategies. The primary sources of information used in reporting on the case were obtained through reflexive analysis (2012-2015) and content analysis of firm reports (2007-2018). Information gaps were filled in by contact and answered queries through the Department of Corporate Services at MTN Uganda.Although there are many strategies for implementing talent management programs, their success is primarily pegged on the use of a mixed approach, with the Human Resource functions being supported by other management divisions to realise the return on investment sought through the implementation of talent management programs.
Longitudinal study of a compassion fatigue resiliency intervention in nurse residents
Authors: Flarity Kathleen , Moorer Amanda , Rhodes Jones Whitney
Published: April 2018

Nurse residents are at greater risk of compassion fatigue compared to more experienced nurses.  The amended 2015 Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education Standards of Entry-To-Practice Accreditation of Nurse Residency Programs require that residency programs include approaches to prevent compassion fatigue in their education experiences. This manuscript reports 6-month follow-up results of a longitudinal study in new graduate nurses that evaluated the influence of a four-hour resiliency intervention for compassion fatigue in two hospitals with nurse residency programs within an academic medical center system. We previously reported a statistically significant decrease in mean STS from baseline to 2-months (p < .001). Using a paired t-test, compassion satisfaction (CS) and the two elements of compassion fatigue (CF), secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout (BO), were measured against 6-month post-intervention. Prevalence and changes in mean scores were reported, suggesting that the results found at 2-month follow-up (n = 94) were sustained at 6-month follow-up (n = 34). The mean STS showed a statistically significant decrease from 2-months and 6-months (p < .001). A decrease in BO and mean increase in CS were not statistically significant, but were trending in a positive direction. As theorized, both STS and BO decreased from baseline to 2-months and 6-months after the-intervention, and CS increased. These results indicate that early compassion fatigue resiliency education may be helpful in increasing CS and lowering the symptoms of CF in nurse residents.
Extension of krugman’s comparative advantage model: Blessed fuels and cursed metals
Authors: D Bayarmaa
Published: April 2018

Krugman’s dynamic comparative advantage model deals with spending effect from resource dividends. In its original setup dividends from resource export result in higher relative wages and therefore the Home country loses its production share to the Foreign country. The model had minor modifications so Home country has natural resources that can be either exported or used in production of traded goods. The learning is associated only with non-resource part of traded good production, and therefore the specialization range for resource producing country is narrower consequently it can easily lose it production share to Foreign country. As alternative to raw export the country can utilize its resources in production of traded goods. In that case, it is possible to reduce relative wages through change in demand for imported traded goods. Compared to fuel exporters, metal exporters are more vulnerable to losing their production share, and metal processing countries are much stronger in keeping their shares in the world production. From extension of Krugman’s comparative advantage model it follows that existence of large resource extractive sector would result in loss of comparative advantage more easily compared with country that have small resource sector. Distribution of resource wealth as pure transfers results in loss of domestic industries to foreign country. In contrast, utilizing resources as inputs and producing import substituting goods, while changing domestic demand preferences for traded and non-traded goods would have positive outcomes for the comparative advantage.
The research of Mongolian smes human resource recruitment and selection in some problem
Authors: E Zolzaya , Hong Zhou Xiao
Published: April 2018

SMEs are the growth engine of the many countries economy and currently two thirds of the workforce work in this sector. They are also a good source of job creation, with positive hiring intentions. Intensive and supportive of SMEs and policy development remains the priority of the world’s economics. Development of SMEs plays an important role in economic growth while reducing poverty and unemployment. In addition, SME development contributes to a reduction in inequitable income distribution, support social stability, and private sector development. Today, small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are middle-class societies, which are the basis of sustainable economic development of many countries. In developed countries 70-90 percent of the total industries account for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). The present study sought to investigate the recruitment and selection practices of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Mongolia. The research contributes to indicate that an understanding and adoption of formal and context specific aspects of recruitment and selection practices by owner/managers will help position the SME’s at the forefront of socio-economic development. A major limitation of the study was a lack of current data on the addresses and locations of SMEs’ as well as inadequate information to enhance easy classification and access. The present research contributes to knowledge by bringing to the fore specific and contextual issues that may influence recruitment and selection practices of SMEs.
Evaluation of an Intelligent Computer Method for the Automatic Mosaic of Sequential Slub Yarn Images
Authors: Li Zhongjian , Zhang Ning , Wu Yang , Wang Jing’an , Pan Ruru , Gao Weidong
Published: April 2018

This paper is the second part of a series reporting the recent development of a computerised method for automatic mosaic sequential yarn images. In our earlier work, an effective method for stitching sequence slub yarn images automatically was developed based on image processing and the normalised cross correlation (NCC) method. 100 image pairs of two kinds of slub yarn were measured in certain specific conditions, such as the frame rate, size of stitching template, etc., and the measurement results were evaluated with the manual method. In this paper, the effects of various influencing factors are numerically examined, including the stitching template size, threshold value, frame rate, and computing time of the mosaic algorithm. The feasibility and accuracy of the fully computerized method were evaluated further under the various influencing parameters. One hundred percent cotton ring spun single slub yarns of 27.8, 15.6, and 9.7 tex were prepared and used for the evaluation. The measurement results obtained by the method proposed are analysed and compared with those measured manually by Adobe Photoshop. The experimental results show that the method proposed can accurately find the stitch position and has a high consistency with the manual method when the matching template is 100 × N pixels, the threshold value T1 ∈ [20, 40] and T2 ∈ [51, 80], and the frame rate is greater than 40 fps.
Effect of Agri-Environmental Conditions on the Degradation of Spunbonded Polypropylene Nonwoven with a Photoactivator in Mulched Organically Managed Zucchini
Authors: Bucki Piotr , Siwek Piotr , Domagała-Świątkiewicz Iwona , Puchalski Michał
Published: April 2018

An experiment with non-degradable and degradable soil mulching materials in zucchini cultivation was carried out in 2016 and 2017 in the organic field of the Vegetable Experimental Station, Agricultural University of Kraków. Two kinds of polypropylene (PP) nonwoven of 50 g m-2 were used: PP standard and PP with 0.1% photoactivator. The control treatment were plots without mulching. The marketable yield obtained in 2016 was 21% and 15% higher on the plots mulched with PP nonwoven and PP nonwoven with a photoactivator, respectively, in comparison with the non-covered plots. Mulching the soil with PP nonwoven increased the water resistance index of the soil structure in comparison with the control and photodegradable PP nonwoven mulch. The progress of degradation over a two-month period showed a 40% reduction in the mass of the PP nonwoven with a photoactivator, and at the end of vegetation the mass of the PP nonwoven used was 52% lower than that of a new one. Tensile parameters of the PP nonwovens and their supramolecular structure were measured.
Development of a Mobile-Based Application Software Body Size Calculator
Authors: Utkun Emine , Yeşil Erkan , Ünal Nezla
Published: April 2018

Clothing fit is one of the important factors affecting consumers’ purchasing behaviour and clothing satisfaction. The aim of this study was to develop a mobile-based body size calculator program to compare standard mass production body measurements with female body measurements taken individually. Another aim of the study was to investigate the effects of size difference between the body measurements taken individually and mass productionbased measurements on pattern drafting. At the end of the study, the program developed was run, the differences between the patterns examined and pattern modifications made according to the results obtained.
Toxic Heavy Metal Ions and Metal-Complex Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using an Ion Exchanger and Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Wołowicz Anna , Wawrzkiewicz Monika , Hubicki Zbigniew
Published: April 2018

The aim of the study was to compare the removal efficiency of toxic heavy metal ions: chromium(VI), nickel(II) and copper(II) as well as metal-complex dyes from aqueous solution using Lewatite VPOC 1065 and AdsorbsiaTM As500. The point of zero charge (pHPZC) of both sorbents and the influence of the initial concentration on the sorption process of Ni(II), Cu(II), Cr(VI), C.I. Acid Red 183 (AR183), C.I. Reactive Blue 21 (RB21) and nickel(II) phthalocyanine-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (NiPc-TSATSS) were studied to determine the maximum sorption capacity. Kinetic studies were also carried out for the most effective sorbent-sorbate systems. The concentration effect of both hydrochloric acid and auxiliaries on the removal yield was also taken into account. As was found, Lewatit VPOC 1065 can be successfully applied for the treatment of textile wastewaters containing metal complex dyes and heavy metal ions. The highest sorption capacity, qe = 816.1 mg/g, was found for C.I. Acid Red 183.
Combination of Ultrasound-Assisted Cloud-Point Extraction with Spectrophotometry for Extraction, Preconcentration, and Determination of Low Levels of Free Formaldehyde from Cosmetic Products
Authors: Temel Nuket Kartal , Gürkan Ramazan
Published: April 2018

In the present study, a new preconcentration method was developed to quantify the free formaldehyde (FA) in hair cosmetics by combining ultrasound-assisted cloud-point extraction with spectrophotometry. The method is based on the ion association of FA with cationic phenothiazine group dye, toluidine blue in presence of sulfite at pH 5.0, and then extraction of the formed complex into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114. The analyte extracted into the micellar phase was diluted with ethanol, and then detected at 630 nm by spectrophotometer. Under optimal conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained in the range of 2–120 μg/L with a detection limit of 0.38 μg/L. By preconcentration of 15 mL sample, the calibration sensitivity increased by 74-fold. The intra- and inter-day precisions expressed as RSDs are lower than 4.7 and 5.2%, respectively. Compared with other techniques, the study shown here provides a simple, fast, accurate, and reliable method for the analysis of FA in cosmetic products. The contents of FA of the samples are in the range of 3.4–25.1 mg/kg with an RSD lower than 4.6%. The results were statistically in good agreement with those obtained by an independent comparison method. Highlights: A new method was developed for the preconcentration of free formaldehyde from hair cosmetics. The method is simple, fast, precise, selective, and sensitive to detect trace formaldehyde. The precision is lower than 5.2% with recovery higher than 95% after spiking. The method was validated by comparing the results with those of independent method. The formaldehyde levels of hair cosmetics were reliably monitored and determined.
Aniversários do golpe de 1964: debates historiográficos, implicações políticas
Authors: Joffily Mariana
Published: April 2018

As datas de aniversários “redondos” do golpe de 1964 foram momentos de efervescência de controvérsias públicas e acadêmicas acerca da ditadura militar. Esse artigo discute algumas delas, em torno dos seguintes temas: o caráter do golpe, a natureza do regime, a relação da sociedade civil com a ditadura, o papel da luta armada e a periodização da ditadura. O propósito é de situar historicamente o surgimento e desdobramento de cada um desses debates, além de problematizar suas repercussões políticas. Constata-se a longevidade e renovação de algumas das discussões, bem como o crescimento significativo do interesse acadêmico e público sobre a ditadura militar e seus legados.Palavras-chave: Ditadura. Golpe de 1964. Historiografia. História do Tempo Presente. Datas Comemorativas.
História pública e autorreflexividade: da prescrição ao processo
Authors: Santhiago Ricardo
Published: April 2018

A expansão e a internacionalização do movimento de história pública têm permitido visualizar com maior clareza os múltiplos entendimentos da expressão. Para além do modelo estadunidense, caracterizado pela ênfase na profissionalização do historiador, na ocupação de postos de trabalho fora da universidade e no reforço de uma identidade profissional desvinculada do ensino, outras visões têm emergido. Neste texto, proponho-me a discutir a capacidade de a história pública dinamizar a revisão e a revitalização dos princípios e das práticas do pesquisador. Para isso, discuto seu parentesco com a história oral com base em três experiências de investigação, anteriores ou em curso.Palavras-chave: História pública. História oral. Pesquisa Participativa.
Kompomer Rezinin Renk Stabilitesine İçeceklerin, Ağız Çalkalama Solüsyonlarının ve Diş Macunlarının Etkisi
Authors: Özmen Bilal , Nayir Yasemin
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu
çalışmanın amacı farklı içeceklere, ağız çalkalama solüsyonlarına ve diş
macunlarına maruz bırakılan kompomer rezinlerin renk stabilitesini
değerlendirmektir.Gereç
ve yöntemler: İçecek, ağız çalkalama solüsyonu ve diş macunu grupları için 5’er
alt grup oluşturuldu. Çalışmada kullanılan tüm örnekler (her grup için n=10)
üreticilerin tavsiyelerine göre, 10 mm çapında ve 2 mm yüksekliğinde disk
şeklinde hazırlandı. Aynı marka ve aynı renk tonu kompomerler (Voco, Glasiosite Caps, A2)
kullanıldı. Polimerizasyon sonrası
örnekler, 600, 800 ve 1000 gritlik silikon karbid diskler kullanılarak su
soğutması altında zımpara makinesi ile cilalandı. Tüm örnekler
distile su içerisinde 24 saat 37 ° C’de inkübe edildi. Örnekler üç alt gruba ayrıldı (Grup 1:
içecekler, Grup 2: ağız çalkalama solüsyonları ve Grup 3: diş macunları).
Birinci gruptaki örnekler beş farklı içecek içerisinde, ikinci gruptaki örnekler
beş farklı ağız çalkalama solüsyonu içerisinde 24 saat 37 °C’de bekletildi.
Örneklerin fırçalanması (Grup 3) aynı operatör tarafından günde iki kez, 2
dakika süreyle 4 hafta uygulandı. Bütün grupların renk değerleri bir spektrofotometre ile uygulamalardan önce ve sonra ölçüldü. Bulgular: Tüm gruplarda
uygulamalar sonrası renk değişiklikleri gözlendi (∆E= 0,71 – 5,09). İçecek grupları arasında, ağız çalkalama
solüsyonları arasında ve diş macunları arasında, önemli istatistiksel
farklılıklar bulundu (p<0,05).

Sonuç: Klinik olarak kabul
edilebilir değerden (∆E=3,3) daha fazla renk değişimi yapan içecekler ve diş macunları
daha dikkatli kullanılmalıdır. İleri klinik araştırmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists about reporting
Authors: Peker İlkay , Üçok Ozlem , Kayadüğün Aylin
Published: April 2018

Objectives: Radiological reporting is
a relatively new and challenging issue in dentomaxillofacial radiology, whereas
it has been performed so many years in medical radiology. The purpose of
this study is to compare approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical
radiologists regarding radiology reporting. 

Materials
and Methods: Dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists were invited by e-mail. The
participants filled a survey regarding the features of their own radiology
reports. The study was based on two independent groups (dentomaxillofacial and
medical radiologists). Mann-Whitney U test was used for two independent groups.

Results: 285 radiologists in total
(115 dentomaxillofacial and 170 medical radiologists) participated in this
survey. Structured radiologic reports were mostly preferred by both
dentomaxillofacial (53.9%) and medical radiologists (77%), but statistically
significant difference was found between two groups (p<0.05). Although dentomaxillofacial
(79.1%) and medical (81.2%) radiologists mostly reported that their own reports
consisted of separate headings as clinical information, findings and
conclusion, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups
(p<0.05). The majority of dentomaxillofacial (99.1%) and medical (99.4%)
radiologists agreed regarding radiology training programs should include
radiology report construction.

Conclusion:
This is the first study pointing out the approaches of dentomaxillofacial
radiologists about reporting. Good radiological reporting is a relatively new
task for dentomaxillofacial radiologists compared to medical radiologists. This
study showed that the approaches of dentomaxillofacial and medical radiologists
were similar regarding radiological reports.
Shear Bond Strength Of Two Calcium Silicate-Based Cements to Compomer
Authors: BULDUR Burak , ÖZNURHAN Fatih , KAYABAŞI Mevlüt , ŞAHİN Feride
Published: April 2018

Objectives: The purposes of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strength of Biodentine® and Imicryl
MTA to a compomer material, and to examine the effect of the setting time on
the bond strength.

Materials
and Methods: A total of 100
acrylic blocks with a hole (4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were prepared.
Acrylic blocks were randomly divided into two main groups according to cement
type to be applied, Biodontine® or Imicryl MTA (n = 50). The specimens of each main group were then divided into 5
subgroups, which were randomized relative to different setting times. (12
minutes, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, and 96 hours) (n = 10). The samples were filled completely with Biodentine® or Imicrly
MTA according to the manufacturer's instructions. Compomer was placed in this
transparent tube with the help of a hand plugger and light cured for 40 seconds
with the LED device (EliparTM, 3M ESPE, MN, USA) to polymerize the
compomer. The acrylic molds were fixed to a universal test machine and shear
bond strength (SBS) test was made under shear force at a cross-speed of 1
mm/min. Data were analyzed by a two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test
(p=0.05).

Results: While, Biodentine® had significantly higher SBS values than Imicrly MTA
at 12m setting time (p<0.05), there was no difference between Biodentine®
and Imicrly MTA among other setting periods (p>0.05). Regardless of cements
tested, there were similar SBS values among pairwise comparisons between
setting time groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions: There were higher SBS values of Biodentine® to compomer than Imicrly MTA
in all setting time groups, the only statistical significance existed in 12 min
group. Keywords:
Biodentine®, bond strength, calcium silicate-based cement, compomer
Glossaire raisonné
Authors: Bhagwati Sandeep
Published: April 2018

Des définitions de termes ou de concepts couramment employés au cours de ce numéro, présentées en français et en anglais. Ces définitions ne font pas autorité : elles présentent plutôt des arguments concernant ces termes.
Impact of Technology on Safety as Viewed by Ship Operators
Authors: Mišković Darijo , Bielić Toni , Čulin Jelena
Published: April 2018

Modern technology is being increasingly used on-board ships. It is a common opinion that its application has reduced seafarers’ workload and improved safety of ships. However, human error induced by technology contributes significantly to risk in shipping. This paper analyses human and machine interaction and demonstrates which elements violate these connections. It is for this purpose that the survey has been conducted via an anonymous questionnaire among professional seafarers. The results indicate that non-standardisation of equipment, i.e. the differences in the settings and display interfaces between different manufacturers and poor design prolong time needed for familiarisation, and in combination with short period of handover can contribute to the occurrence of human error. Greater involvement of the ship operators in theprocurement process of navigation equipment is essential, since it may lead to the selection of equipment that suits the end users.
Internasjonale studenter og plagiering: kultur, holdninger og verdier
Authors: Bårnes Vibeke
Published: April 2018

Dette dokumentet er sendt til Strategisk utdanningsutvalg ved UiT Norges arktiske universitet som et grunnlag for å forstå og forklare hvorfor plagiering og juks er prosentmessig høyere blant internasjonale studenter enn de norske. Internasjonal litteratur på området viser at kulturelle, etiske og språklige forhold kan spille inn. I tillegg kan ikke-vestlige studenter ha en annen forståelse av ytringsfrihet, opphavsrett og akademisk integritet enn det vi legger i begrepene. Universitetsbiblioteket i Tromsø tilbyr obligatoriske forelesninger i informasjonskompetanse der det spesielt informeres om konsekvenser og forebygging av plagiat. Tall fra siste årsrapport fra Avdeling for undervisning ved UiT viser at forekomsten av plagiat blant internasjonale studenter er redusert. Dette kan tyde på at informasjon hjelper.
QTL analysis for stomatal density and size in wheat spike organ
Authors: Fanfan Dong ShuguangWang, , Yaoyu Chen Daizhen Sun, , Ruilian Jing Xue Yan,
Published: April 2018

Plant changes its own photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate through regulating stomatal aperture, stomatal density and stomatal distribution. In this study, stomatal density, length and width of wheat spike organs, including palea, lemma and glume, at the third day after flowering were investigated, using a wheat doubled haploid population from a cross of Hanxuan10 and Lumai 14 in 2012 and 2013. And quantitative trait loci (QTL) of the above three traits were analyzed. There were stomata in the abaxial surface of palea, lemma and glume, but not in the adaxial surface for DH lines and their parents. A total of fourteen additive QTLs for those traits were identified. On the marker interval Xgwm291-Xgwm410-WMC340 on chromosome 5A, QMLsd-5A for stomatal density at middle of lemma and QDGsd-5A for stomatal density at down of glume, and QAGsl-5A for stomatal length at apex of glume were detected in 2012 and 2013，but with opposite direction of additive effect. In the previous study, Qsd-5A.3 and Qsd-5A.4 for stomatal density of wheat leaf, and Qsl-5A.1 for stomatal length of wheat leaf were also detected at the same marker region, and also with opposite direction of additive effect. These findings provided genetic basis for significantly negative correlation between stomatal density and length for wheat leaf and spike organs, but also implied stomatal density and length for wheat leaf and spike organs may be governed by the same or pleiotropic genes.
Harvesting period of jabuticaba fruits var. ‘Pingo de Mel’ in relation to the physicochemical characterization evaluated during their development
Authors: Flávio Alves da Silva Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta Garcia, , Asquieri Eduardo Ramirez , Vilas Boas Eduardo Valério de Barros , Silva, Clarissa Damiani Monik Marielly Moreira
Published: April 2018

The objective was to physically and chemically characterize jabuticaba fruits var. ‘Pingo de Mel’ during their development. Some fruits were harvested ten days after flowering (DAF) and harvesting was continued at four day intervals until the fruits were completely ripe (34 days). It was shown that the values for the diameter, mass, soluble solids and anthocyanins increased up to 30 DAF, whereas the soluble pectin content and ratio (relationship between soluble solids content and titratable acidity) increased up to 34 DAF. The respiratory rate showed the opposite behavior, reducing up to 30 DAF, and the values for firmness and chlorophyll reduced up to 34 DAF. The pH and ratio reduced up to 18 DAF with a subsequent increase up to 34 DAF, whereas the acidity showed the opposite behavior. In order to obtain high quality fruits with respect to ripeness it is important to consider the soluble solids and anthocyanin contents, which the present study showed to be indicators of the best moment for harvesting, that is, 30 DAF.
Enhancing the in vitro Antioxidant Capacities via the interaction of amino acids
Authors: Yinshi Zhu Jingbo Liu, Deju Zhang, , Shucheng He, Ting Zhang Yizhen Wang,
Published: April 2018

In this article, antioxidant capacities of 20 amino acids were quantitatively determined via methodology of mixing one amino acid with the others and using four antioxidant assays to understand the synergistic effects of the individual amino acid contributing to the total antioxidant capacity. Some of the individual amino acids and their mixtures showed their characteristics of antioxidant capacities, and antioxidant peptides showed different results in different experiments. From the ABTS assay study, it was found that nine of 20 amino acids had antioxidant capacities, and most of their mixtures had synergetic effects, Moreover, an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay study was conducted, and the results aligned well with the ABTS study. However, the DPPH and FRAP assay studies, indicated that cysteine was the only amino acid having antioxidant effect in 20 amino acids. The result showed that the combinations of high antioxidant amino acids and weak antioxidant amino acids or non-antioxidant amino acids led to an obvious increase in antioxidant capacity compared with the theoretical antioxidant capacity.
Analysis of Genotype-by-Environment Interaction in Winter Wheat Growth in Organic Production System
Authors: López Osval Antonio Montesinos- , Baenziger P. Stephen , EskridgeK Kent M. , Little Richard S. , Crúz Eliel Martínez- , Perez Emeterio Franco-
Published: April 2018

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 36 wheat winter (Triticum aestivum L.) lines in organic systems in three locations in Nebraska, to compare the performance of the released cultivars with experimental lines to help in the process of selection, to study the magnitude and behavior of genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield, anthesis date, plant height, protein content, grain volume weight and vegetation index, and to identify the more stable genotypes. Linear mixed models and site regression model was implemented for reaching the objectives of the present research. Genotypic and GE interaction are significant across the three locations for all traits except for anthesis date. Environment were significant for the six traits. Yield is negative correlated with protein content and plant height. In general the genetic correlation explained more of the genotype performance, although the GE interaction was significant. The best genotypes for grain yield across the three environments were genotypes NW03666, SD07165, NE07444 and Overland. For vegetation index the best lines were: Lyman and Buckskin. For grain volume weight the best lines were: Lyman, NW03681, Danby and Goodstreak. For anthesis date all genotypes were similar. For plant height, the best lines were Goodstreak, Buckskin and Clarkscream.  For protein content, the best lines were Goodstreak, Karl92, Lyman, and Clarkscream. In general the average grain yield of the experimental lines was better than the released lines. For anthesis date, the performance was similar between experimental and released lines. However, for vegetation index, plant height, grain volume weight and protein content, the average performance of the experimental lines was lower than the released lines.
Temperature changes and marine fish species (Epinephelus coioides and Sparus aurata): Role of oxidative stress biomarkers in toxicological food studies
Authors: Guerriero Giulia , Bassem Samah M. , Khalil Wagdy K. B. , Temraz Tarek A. , Ciarcia Gaetano , Gawad Fagr Kh. Abdel-
Published: April 2018

The increase of seawater temperature as a result of global climate variation elucidates a major challenge for marine organisms survival in addition to consumers safety. Spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) and Seabream (Sparus aurata) were collected in water with different temperature variations at Suez Canal and Alexandria (Suez and Abu Qir bay) in Egypt with the aim to assess expression levels of heat shock proteins such as HSP47, HSP70 and HSP90 genes in addition to antioxidants value through enzymes activity: Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx). Research results revealed that expression of the HSP47, HSP70a and HSP90 genes increased in marine fishes tissues collected from Suez Canal, with higher water temperature (23:28ºC), compared with those collected from Alexandria (19:24°C) whereas the content of GPx and GST decreased. Our results show alteration of the marker examined suggesting that the increase of heat shock protein genes expression levels of fish collected from Suez Canal might be exposed mainly to thermal oxidative stress response more than those collect from Alexandria. The increase of heat shock protein-related genes expression could be considered as a factor in prohibiting the heat shock transcription factor that may lead to stimulation of heat-inducible genes in addition to heat acclimation. Thus, warming of water is also likely to alter the composition and abundance of food resources, e.g. fish muscles, available to higher trophic level consumers.
Halogenation and Perfluoroalkylation Chemistry Using Hypervalent Halogen Compounds
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Jelier Benson , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2018

The introduction of halogenated functional groups by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has proven to be a popular synthetic method in modern organic chemistry. Such diverse and often unique chemical behavior of iodine(III) compounds originates from their structural and bonding features. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the key structural properties, activation modes, and reactivity trends provided by λ3‐iodane compounds as well as associated challenges therewith. Recent examples of chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective iodine(III)‐mediated halogenation and perfluoroalkylation reactions will be presented with an emphasis on contemporary fluorination and trifluoromethylation protocols.
Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Plant Root Colonization by Beneficial Bacteria in a Microfluidic Habitat
Authors: Aufrecht Jayde A. , Timm Collin M. , Bible Amber , Morrell‐Falvey Jennifer L. , Pelletier Dale A. , Doktycz Mitchel J. , Retterer Scott T.
Published: April 2018

Plant–microbe interactions underpin processes related to soil ecology, plant function, and global carbon cycling. However, quantifying the spatial dynamics of these interactions has proven challenging in natural systems. Currently, microfluidic platforms are at the forefront of innovation for culturing, imaging, and manipulating plants in controlled environments. Using a microfluidic platform to culture plants with beneficial bacteria, visualization and quantification of the spatial dynamics of these interactions during the early stages of plant development is possible. For two plant growth–promoting bacterial isolates, the population of bacterial cells reaches a coverage density of 1–2% of the root's surface at the end of a 4 d observation period regardless of bacterial species or inoculum concentration. The two bacterial species form distinct associations with root tissue through a mechanism that appears to be independent of the presence of the other bacterial species, despite evidence for their competition. Root development changes associated with these bacterial treatments depend on the initial concentrations and species of the bacterial population present. This microfluidic approach provides context for understanding plant–microbe interactions during the early stages of plant development and can be used to generate new hypotheses about physical and biochemical exchanges between plants and their associated microbial communities.
Dual‐Layered Film Protected Lithium Metal Anode to Enable Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition
Authors: Yan Chong , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Tian Yang , Chen Xiang , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Wen‐Jun , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang
Published: April 2018

Lithium metal batteries (such as lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, solid state batteries with lithium metal anode) are highly considered as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the unstable interfaces between lithium anode and electrolyte definitely induce the undesired and uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites, which results in the short‐circuit and thermal runaway of the rechargeable batteries. Herein, a dual‐layered film is built on a Li metal anode by the immersion of lithium plates into the fluoroethylene carbonate solvent. The ionic conductive film exhibits a compact dual‐layered feature with organic components (ROCO2Li and ROLi) on the top and abundant inorganic components (Li2CO3 and LiF) in the bottom. The dual‐layered interface can protect the Li metal anode from the corrosion of electrolytes and regulate the uniform deposition of Li to achieve a dendrite‐free Li metal anode. This work demonstrates the concept of rational construction of dual‐layered structured interfaces for safe rechargeable batteries through facile surface modification of Li metal anodes. This not only is critically helpful to comprehensively understand the functional mechanism of fluoroethylene carbonate but also affords a facile and efficient method to protect Li metal anodes.
Circular Double‐Patterning Lithography Using a Block Copolymer Template and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Wan Zhixin , Lee Ha Jin , Kim Hyun Gu , Jo Gyeong Cheon , Park Woon Ik , Ryu Seung Wook , Lee Han‐Bo‐Ram , Kwon Se‐Hun
Published: April 2018

A novel and feasible methodology is developed to fabricate well‐ordered, freestanding 1D n‐ZnO/p‐Si nanotube (NT) and nanorod (NR) arrays via double‐patterning technology with block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly, atomic layer deposition (ALD), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching. To obtain the well‐ordered NT pattern, a self‐assembled, Si‐containing poly(styrene‐block‐4‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)oxystyrene) BCP on an SU‐8/p‐Si wafer is employed as a template. After n‐ZnO deposition on the self‐assembled BCP template by ALD, an ICP etching process is performed to produce well‐defined, independent n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT arrays. The insights into the nanoarrays presented here are directly applicable to the fabrication of n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT/NR patterns and Si NT/NR patterns by precisely controlling the ALD cycles and ICP etching time. The electrical properties of a single n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT are measured by conductive atomic force microscopy, and the results show the typical rectifying behavior of a nanodiode with superior electrical properties. This simple and useful approach provides a very convenient route for fabricating high‐density nanodiode patterns. Additionally, the possibility of various applications is confirmed by simple analyses, including examinations of contact angle and reflectance. Furthermore, the wettability and antireflection properties can be controlled by changing the nanoarray morphology.
Chinese Knot Inspired Ag Nanowire Membrane for Robust Separation in Water Remediation
Authors: Xiong Zhu , Li Tiantian , Liu Fu , Lin Haibo , Zhong Yun , Meng Qing'an , Fang Qile , Sakil Habib , Song Weijie
Published: April 2018

Chinese knot is a “traditional handicraft art” in Chinese culture, which is expected to ward off evil spirits and pray for good luck. It is constructed by weaving cords and tying different types of knots firmly. Inspired by Chinese knot, a robust 1D Ag nanowire membrane with nanoscale knots is fabricated to achieve robust catalytic/anti‐bacterial separation. Silver mirror reaction is manipulated to anchor Ag nanowires on a hierarchical polyvinylidene fluoride membrane substrate. The robust Ag nanowire membrane withstands the vigorous cross‐flow hydraulic shear (3000 mL min−1) for 24 h at 0.1 MPa without any physicochemical deterioration. The Chinese knot inspired membrane exhibits extraordinary robustness in continuous catalysis, “kill‐release” anti‐bacteria, oil‐in‐water emulsion, and ultrafiltration separation. This work paves a new way for constructing a robust 1D inorganic nanowire membrane for water remediation applications.
Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Tian Rongrong , Zhang Hua , Chen Hongda , Liu Guifeng , Wang Zhenxin
Published: April 2018

There is a high desire for novel targets/biomarkers to diagnose and treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, an approach starting from a polyacrylamide hydrogel–based lectin microarray is presented to screen the high expression of glycans on the CRC cell surface and to identify new lectin biomarkers for CRC. Three common CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620, and HCT116) and one normal colon cell line (NCM460) are profiled on the microarray with 27 lectins. The experimental results reveal that CRC cells highly express the glycans with d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and/or sialic acid residues, and Uelx Europaeus Agglutinin‐I (UEA‐I) exhibits reasonable specificity with SW480 cells. After conjugation of UEA‐I with silica‐coated NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles, the follow‐up in vitro and in vivo experiments provide further evidence on that UEA‐I can serve as tumor‐targeting molecule to diagnose SW480 tumor by multimodal imaging including upconversion luminescence imaging, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and X‐ray computed tomography imaging.
Lifetime of Organic Salt Photovoltaics
Authors: Traverse Christopher J. , Chen Pei , Lunt Richard R.
Published: April 2018

Solar energy deployment can be augmented with the use of wavelength‐selective transparent photovoltaics (PVs). Moving forward, operating lifetime is arguably among the most important challenge that must be addressed to increase commercial viability of these emerging technologies. In this work, the lifetimes of PVs with organic near‐infrared selective small molecules and molecular salts are investigated. This is the first comprehensive lifetime study on devices featuring organic salts with varied counterions. Based on the tunability afforded by anion exchange, an extrapolated lifetime of 7 ± 2 years from continuous illumination measurements on organic salt devices held at the maximum power point is demonstrated. These lifetimes are compared with changes in external quantum efficiency, hydrophobicity, molecular orbital levels, and optical absorption to determine the limiting characteristics and failure mechanisms of PV devices utilizing each donor. A key correlation between the lifetime and the hydrophobicity of the donor layer is uncovered. This could provide a targeted parameter for designing organic molecules and salts with exceptional lifetime and enhanced commercial viability.
Impact of Triplet Excited States on the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Benduhn Johannes , Piersimoni Fortunato , Londi Giacomo , Kirch Anton , Widmer Johannes , Koerner Christian , Beljonne David , Neher Dieter , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen
Published: April 2018

The best organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve comparable peak external quantum efficiencies and fill factors as conventional photovoltaic devices. However, their voltage losses are much higher, in particular those due to nonradiative recombination. To investigate the possible role of triplet states on the donor or acceptor materials in this process, model systems comprising Zn‐ and Cu‐phthalocyanine (Pc), as well as fluorinated versions of these donors, combined with C60 as acceptor are studied. Fluorination allows tuning the energy level alignment between the lowest energy triplet state (T1) and the charge‐transfer (CT) state, while the replacement of Zn by Cu as the central metal in the Pcs leads to a largely enhanced spin–orbit coupling. Only in the latter case, a substantial influence of the triplet state on the nonradiative voltage losses is observed. In contrast, it is found that for a large series of typical OSC materials, the relative energy level alignment between T1 and the CT state does not substantially affect nonradiative voltage losses.