bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flavonols pool distribution in the aerial mass of the Bunias orientalis L. in the North
Authors: Mikhovich Janna Eduardovna , Punegov Vasiliy Vitalievich , Zaynullina Klavdiya Stepanovna , Ruban Galina Alexeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of a biochemical study of the aerial overburden mass of the Bunias orientalis L., grown under the conditions of the middle taiga subzone of the Republic of Komi according to the terms of its harvesting. The mass fraction of flavonols during the vegetative period of plants has been determined. It has been established that in mass budding and mass flowering phases in the row-leaves-buds (or flowers) the mass fraction of flavonols increases from 0,25% to 6,06% and from 0,6 to 15,43%, respectively. It is shown that when plants migrate to mass flowering, a sharp increase in the content of flavonols in all the above-ground organs of the plant is observed. A particularly large increase in the mass fraction of flavonols has been detected in the flowers of the overbearing of the eastern plants in comparison with the buds. Unconditional maximum of the pool of flavonols is observed in the flowers of the plant (15,43%). But, taking into account the fact that the mass fraction of flowers on the generative shoot is no more than 3%, in the technological plan, a promising source of flavonols from the aboveground mass of the studied plant are the leaves and flowers collected during the flowering phase in the Komi Republic in the third decade of June-July.
Analysis and ways to expand the species diversity of the assortment of perennial herbaceous flowering plants for landscaping urban areas of the Kola Polar region
Authors: Sviatkovskaya Ekaterina Alexandrovna , Trostenyuk Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Saltan Natalya Vladimirovna , Gontar Oksana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

The paper analyzes the selection of species of perennial herbaceous flowering plants to enrich the existing range in the landscaping of the cities of the Kola Polar region. The selection of the assortment of perennials for landscaping of the cities was carried out by the Polar-Alpine Botanical garden institute for the first time. Currently, the assortment of perennial flowering plants has enriched and it is represented by 115 species in 28 families. New species have a high decorative value, stability and passed a long period of tests on collection nurseries and in urban conditions. Analysis of the existing range and the study of the results of long-term tests of various plants in nature provide an opportunity to identify the main families and species, whose representatives have a high decorative value and stability in the Far North. Families Primulaceae and Rosaceae Juss are the most promising to replenish the landscaping assortment. When forming the assortment, the number of species is very important as well as their ratio in different groups by flowering period, color tone and height. As the analysis of species diversity showed, it is necessary to increase the early-flowering perennials, especially with yellow-orange and purple-red shades of flowers. It has been noted that the percentage of border plants with compact shrubs was low. In the existing assortment, the positive aspect is the balance of warm and cold tones. Due to the resistance to the harsh climatic and environmental conditions of the Kola North perennial herbaceous plants are perspectives for landscaping the cities of the Kola Subarctic.
Zooplankton of floodplain lakes of the river Kerzhenets (Kerzhinski Nature Reserve, Nizhny Novgorod Region)
Authors: Shurganova Galina Vasilievna , Zhikharev Vyacheslav Sergeevich , Kudrin Ivan Aleksandrovich , Krivdina Tatyana Vasilievna , Moreva Olga Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents the results of zooplankton research in June, July and September 2017 in eight floodplain lakes of the middle reaches of the Kerzhenets River located in the Kerzhinski Nature Reserve. The studied water bodies are shallow lakes with weakly acidic pH (5,406,23) and low mineralized water (46,9068,40 mg/l), with increased chromaticity (202,001048,20 deg.) and content of suspended substances (4,4022,90 mg/l). As a result of a carried out hydrobiological research, 106 species of zooplankton were identified. According to the zoogeographical characteristics, the zooplankton fauna of floodplain water bodies is typical for the European part of Russia, with the exception of two invasive species: the North American rotifers Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) and the Caspian branching diocese of southern origin Diaphanosoma orghidani (Negrea, 1982). In addition, in a number of lakes, the Arctic relict crustacean Holopedium gibberum (Zaddach, 1855) was found. The crustacean is listed in the Red Data Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Alien rotifers in a number of floodplain reservoirs were the dominant species and had a high abundance. The Caspian southern crustacean was found only in two reservoirs, its number was not high, and it did not play a significant role in the zooplankton communities of these reservoirs. New findings of the Arctic relict species Holopedium gibberum (Zaddach, 1855) make it possible to recommend the introduction of a number of floodplain reservoirs into the Red Book of the Nizhni Novgorod Region as habitats of this rare species. Redundancy analysis (RDA) has revealed four factors that significant related with development of zooplankton in a number of floodplains, such as water temperature, hydrogen index, dissolved oxygen content and suspended solids.
Ancient archaeological complexes of southern part of Khantau Mountains
Authors: Goryachev Alexander Anatolievich , Saraev Vladimir Vasilyevich
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces new materials about archaeological monuments of the paleometal period and early nomads of the Khantau Mountains into scientific circulation. This region is the main one in the communication processes among the ancient population of the Central Kazakhstan steppes and the foothill areas of all North Tien Shan and Jetysu in particular. The southwestern slopes and the southern part of the Khantau Mountains were explored by the expedition of Archaeology Institute named after A.Kh. Margulan in 20172018, where series of ancient settlements, burial grounds and petroglyphs of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age were discovered. The materials of archaeological complex Kojabala show patterns of settlements location and burial grounds, which reflect the tradition of economic and cultural development of the region in Ancient times. We can associate the origin and existence of Kojabala-I burial with the process of Andronovo community Fedorovsky tribal groups migration from Central Kazakhstan in the XV and at the turn of the XIVXIII centuries BC. The Bronze Age Kojabala tract materials analysis let us to assume, that economic and ethno-cultural intercourses of the population of Central Kazakhstan and Jetysu in this period were close. Such conclusion has perspective direction for further researches.
Physical culture and sport in the daily life of students in the first post-war decade (on the materials of Kuybyshev, Penza, Ulyanovsk Regions)
Authors: Kozlovskaya Galina Efimovna , Lubaeva Aleksandra Sergeevna
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to one of the problems of the Soviet everyday life of young people the process of physical culture and sports development among students of higher educational institutions in the postwar period (19451955). The author examines students activity in sport sections, system of boys and girls health status control, analyzes the state of the material-technical base of universities to conduct classes in physical culture and sport in the first postwar decade. The author tries to reconstruct the joint activities of the leadership of higher education institutions and their students aimed at rebuilding the destroyed military infrastructure. The paper shows basic steps that could help to improve physical and sports work among students in accordance with the orders of the Soviet government in the difficult post-war period. The study introduced into scientific circulation documents of the State archive of the Penza Region. On the basis of archival materials the author provides information about the achievements and participation of Kuibyshev, Ulyanovsk and Penza students in sports competitions of various levels in both individual and team Championships. The paper contains a conclusion about sports clubs and sports organizations work aimed at promotion of physical culture and sports among students in the post-war everyday life.
Federally administered tribal areas: British colonial legacy in postcolonial age
Authors: Tselera Oleg Sergeevich
Published: December 2020

The following paper analyzes the role of administrative experience of the British Empire on Northwest boundary of the British India in 19 the first half of the 20th centuries in Pakistan political policy choice concerning the federally administered tribal areas in the second half of 20 the beginning of the 21st centuries. At the same time special attention is paid to the British colonial practices which saved the value during a post-colonial era in the tribes zone. The author also pays attention to the role of colonial experience in asymmetrical conflict settlement with the USA involvement in Afghanistan territory as well as to features of interaction of Washington and Islamabad in the tribes zone. The author concludes about perspectives of colonial knowledge in federally administered tribal areas administration during a post-colonial era taking into account historical experience of the British colonial administration on Northwest boundary of British India during the age of empires. The paper also reveals the impact of postcolonial practices on the history of modern Pakistan and on the choice of its way to reform the FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas), as well as the role of other regional players in the reform of the FATA.
Colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare in the USA: a source study of materials from the RAND Corporation in the first half of the 1960s
Authors: Nesterov Dmitriy Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes materials of the RAND Corporation of the first half of the 1960s, devoted to the study of the colonial experience of European empires and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare. The entire set of documents created by the RAND Corporation allows researchers, firstly, to analyze the intellectual resource available to the American establishment before the invasion of Vietnam, and to understand the causes of the mistakes and successes of the US armed forces in this region, and secondly, these materials allow to analyze the role of colonial and anthropological knowledge in US foreign policy during the Cold War. The sources considered by us in the paper can be classified both by their typology and by their subject matter: from the point of view of typology, RAND Corporations materials are divided into articles, memoranda and symposia materials, as well as from the point of view of subjects on the research of the war for Algeria, the Malay Company, counter-guerrilla warfare in Vietnam and general theoretical issues related to counter-insurgency operations. In the conclusion of the paper the author says about the great role of these sources in the study, both colonial experience and the theory of counter-guerrilla warfare, as well as military, political, social and economic, thus contributing to the interdisciplinarity of scientific papers.
Fundamental training of doctors in additional vocational education
Authors: Astanina Svetlana Yurievna
Published: December 2020

The paper presents methodology of doctors fundamental training in additional vocational education. The analysis of trends (humanization, standardization, informatization, integration, ecologization and fundamentalization) of doctors biological training development in continuous medical education has made it possible to determine how to improve physicians biological training in the aspect of solving the research problem to determine methodology of doctors fundamental training in additional vocational education. The tendency of informatization of doctors biological training is determined by intensive development of biological sciences, as well as the widespread introduction of theoretical and technological approaches into medical practice. Integration as a trend determines modernization of goals, content, forms, methods of physicians biological training in the aspect of enhancing the interrelation and interdependent integrity of physicians biological and special training. The necessity of ecological regularities understanding and scientifically grounded attitude to nature requires systemic doctors biological training and dictates introducing a wide range of biological and ecological disciplines into doctors training and development program. These disciplines can help to understand the place of man in the environment and the biosphere as a whole from the standpoint of biocentric and polycentric approaches. Fundamentalization as a tendency for physicians biological training development requires training construction on the basis of a conceptual presentation of the educational content that contributes to the deepening of theoretical, scientific and vocational training of trainees and the expansion of their vocational training profile. Standardization defines requirements for physicians training level in biological disciplines (anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, immunology, genetics, etc.) of all medical specialties as well as requirements for medical personnel ecological literacy increasing. The tendency of humanization manifests itself in openness, in understanding the social role of a person in improving doctors professional competencies, contributes to imparting a personal meaning to the acquired knowledge and determines the preservation of the individual identity.
Meditation readiness as a Humanities bachelor students’ competence
Authors: Budarina Anna Olegovna , Simaeva Irina Nikolaevna , Chupris Alina Sergeevna , Shakhtorina Ekaterina Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

The article deals with a number of interrelated social, methodological problems that impede the development of mediation as a professional activity in Russia, and put forward the idea of an integrated training of Humanities and Education bachelor students in the sphere of mediation on the basis of a competence approach. It is shown that this variational or optional module makes it possible to train professional mediators with a minimum of expenses for those with a humanitarian worldview and readiness to mediate as a social and humanitarian practice. This eliminates the discrepancy between the objective need of the state and society in mediators, the narrowly utilitarian interpretation of the mediator as a mediator in the settlement of disputes and conflicts, the diluted requirements of the professional standard for higher education of the mediator and the inability to use human resources among the BA graduates for mediation. It is proposed to introduce the universal competence Ability and readiness for mediation into the GEF3++ vocational training for Humanities and Education students. The paper considers the structure of this competence and the content of the cognitive, emotional-evaluative and motivational components of readiness for professional activity in the field of mediation. The paper also contains the results of the approbation of the elective module Fundamentals of Mediation and techniques of modeling the readiness for mediation on the basis of the competence approach, the theory of attitudes and ideas of a restorative strategy of responding to conflict and criminal situations.
Features of preschoolers’ gender education
Authors: Evtushenko Irina Nikolaevna , Bistray Elena Borisovna , Artemenko Boris Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The paper emphasizes the importance of gender education of preschool children, determined by changes in the sociocultural background, by shifting the emphasis in peoples value orientations. The preschool age is characterized by intense physiological maturation of the body and psyche development. Besides, the childs personality is formed exactly in the preschool age, the potential for successful further life is created. A great role in the gender education of preschoolers is played by socium and norms of social behavior, the value orientations that prevail in it at a given time. In this connection, the system of preschool education faces the problem of assimilating the childs social experience, meaningful for the life in society, and the adoption of the existing system of values. The mediator in the communication of the preschool child and the socium is the teacher of the pre-school educational organization, who must understand that the anatomo-morphological and physiological characteristics of the child of preschool age form only the first level of the hierarchical ladder of adulthood and entry into the society A big role in the gender socialization of preschool children is assigned to parents, because in the process of monitoring the behavior of their parents, the child develops certain behavioral stereotypes feminically and masculinely colored. The gender socialization of preschool children is greatly influenced by peers.
«Methods of Biology Teaching» educational and methodical complex design and its use for prospective Biology teachers’ training
Authors: Marina Antonina Vasilyevna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with one of the most important issues educational and methodical support of basic vocational education program 44.03.05 Pedagogical education with two majors (bachelor level). The basic component of this support is an educational and methodological complex of the discipline. Particular attention is paid to the structure and content of the educational and methodical complex of the discipline Methods of Biology Teaching for students majoring in Biology and Geography. The author reveals methodological approaches of its design as well as the possibilities of its use for prospective Biology teachers training according to the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education. The components of the educational-methodical complex are characterized. Particular attention is paid to the design and development of the curriculum of the discipline as a key component of the teaching and methodological complex. The author describes many years experience of the use of teaching and methodological complex for pedagogical education bachelors professional competencies development. The main forms of work are presented in detail and the technologies used for organizing the educational process at the course are disclosed. The presented materials can be used by university teachers while teaching the course Methods of Biology Teaching.
Features study of physical education adaptive program «From sickness to health» within the health motive of students with the impaired health status
Authors: Tcherkashina Anna Georgievna
Published: December 2020

Each student with the weakened state of health collides in a daily life with a problem of preservation and strengthening of the health. The period of training in high school is connected with increase in an academic load, downturn of impellent activity, overlapping of educational activity and part time job, etc. In this paper there are results of an ascertaining and a two-year forming experiment within the Adaptive Program From sickness to health (The discipline is Physical Education). The aim is to change the internal picture of students with the impaired health status. The internal picture of health is a set of cognitive knowledge, perceptions, and descriptions of human health of the person and also complex emotional experiences, sensations and behavioral reactions. Study results of the internal picture of health give students with the impaired health status an opportunity of all-round vision of health through a prism of cognitive, emotional, corporal and behavioral aspects, as well as they promote personal students health strengthening activity (a health motive).
Future outlook of plant growth regulators application influencing callus induction from different type explant Hyoscyamus muticus L. in vitro
Authors: Abdelazeez Walla Abdelmaksood , Khusnetdinova Landysh Zavdetovna , Timofeeva Olga Arnoldovna
Published: December 2020

The article shows the results concerning the problem of the influence of the hormonal composition of the medium on callus induction in isolated from different explants of Egyptian henbane areas (on the example of Hyoscyamus muticus L.). The authors study 11 variants of Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different concentrations and combination of auxins and cytokinins. It was important to find nutrient medium modification of Murashige and Skoog for callus induction. The article describes the fact that callus formation from different explant types of Hyoscyamus muticus L. in vitro was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with benzylaminopurine and naphthylacetic acid. It shows that the maximum callus induction was observed from root explants on Murashige and Skoog's medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l of benzylaminopurine and 1.0 mg/l of naphthylacetic acid. And minimal callus formation was observed in the area with benzylaminopurine. Callus induction of leaf and stem explants both on the hormone-free nutrient medium and with the benzylaminopurine only was not observed. Thus, the results show that the frequency of callus formation with culturing root segment is higher compared to leaf and stem segment explants (on the example of Egyptian henbane in culture in vitro). This work aims to inducing callus formation from various explants of Egyptian henbane, which can be used for plant regeneration or as a source for in vitro production of secondary metabolites.
Mercury content in the wool of domestic animals in Cherepovets
Authors: Bachina Ekaterina Sergeevna , Rumiantseva Olga Yurievna , Ivanova Elena Sergeevna , Komov Viktor Trofimovic , Guseva Marina Andreevna , Poddubnaya Nadezhda Yakovlevna
Published: December 2020

Mercury (Hg) and its compounds are considered as one of the ten major dangerous groups of chemicals. The content of mercury in the coat was 136 cats and 113 dogs in the territory of the Vologda Region in Cherepovets. The total mercury concentration in the wool samples was measured on a mercury analyzer RA-915 +. The values of the mercury index in cats range from less than 0,001 mg / kg to 13,00 mg / kg, in dogs from less than 0,001 mg / kg to 1,858 mg / kg. Statistical difference in the content of mercury in wool between cats and dogs was revealed. The Hg content in cats is 3,5 times higher than the dogs have. Comparison analysis showed the concentration of mercury in the wool of cats and dogs have no statistically significant differences. The authors noted that cats had 4 times more mercury who ate fish. The average content of Hg in the wool of dogs is slightly different for those who ate fish.
Ecological aspects of heavy metals accumulation in higher aquatic plants in the process of phytoremediation
Authors: Galdeeva Olga Fedorovna , Kozlovskaya Olga Viktorovna , Kopnina Alina Yurievna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with pollution of natural and waste waters with heavy metals in the conditions of technogenic impact. It describes one of the numerous methods for neutralizing various contaminants in the aquatic environment, in particular phytoremediation, which has been used for more than 50 years in various countries. The paper considers the role of higher aquatic plants which, according to a variety of confirmatory studies, can be used to extract toxic components from natural and waste water heavy metal ions. The authors consider a possibility of inorganic origin pollutants extraction with the help of higher water plants of Myriophyllum verticillatum L. and Elodea canadensis Michx. in laboratory conditions. The authors determined pollutants concentration change dependence in the solution with a process duration of less than 10 hours. The authors proved that the maximum purification efficiency is achieved only with the combined use of higher aquatic plants and perfetron. The results of the studies indicate a possibility of water purification from heavy metal ions (ferric iron, bivalent copper, bichromate ions) with the help of higher water plants Myriophyllum verticillatum L. and Elodea canadensis Michx.
Bioindication experience in forests in Tatarstan nowadays
Authors: Glushko Sergei Gennadievich , Prokhorenko Nina Borisovna
Published: December 2020

Anthropogenic impact led to the destruction of forests and the destruction of a significant part of them in different regions. The process of destruction over a large area causes the new natural conditions forming. Thus, it is important to find the new methods to assess forests and forest conditions. The use of data regarding dominant, edifying, differential plant species allows assessing forest growing conditions at certain stages of community development. The results of such studies can be used for the purposes of short-term forest planning. The new research materials on the life strategy of forest plants and forest communities in general are important to do a long-term forecast of the dynamics of forest-growing conditions. Complex characteristics of plant behavior or their life strategy reflects the process of adaptation of vegetation to the emerging forest-growing conditions. The authors analyze the possibility of determining the natural conditions by the features of the life strategy of individual forest-forming species (on the example of forests of the Republic of Tatarstan). The type of the vital strategy of tree species was revealed by the indicators of the course or energy of growth, as well as life expectancy. Critically important question concern researching the main forest forming breeds in Tatarstan, which adapt to the emerging conditions, and show signs of pioneering behavior or operational strategy.
Grade of recreational potential of Samara suburban forests
Authors: Kazantsev Ivan Victorovich , Matveeva Tatyana Borisovna
Published: December 2020

Authors provide materials in article revealing recreational potential of Samara suburban forests and use S.L. Rysin's technique, which considers a sanitary condition of the woods, extent of recreational transformation and esthetic importance of forest plantings in article. Researchers counted coefficients of appeal, comfort and stability of forest communities for carrying out complex assessment. On their basis authors judge quality of the surveyed forests. They have obtained materials of vital state are submitted and values of water penetration of the soil. This indicator of recreational disturbance is important for forest communities. For this reason, researchers considered different in degree of a recreational digression. Researchers have conducted a research and have revealed that appeal and comfort high and stability is average in Samara suburban forests. Therefore, experts have to hold complex of actions, which improve a condition of forest plantings and increasing their stability in the conditions of anthropogenic loading. These materials allow defining condition of Samara suburban forests and their suitability for use in the recreational and tourist purposes.
Zhiguli hills endemic species in the Mogutova mountain flora
Authors: Sidyakina Larisa Valerievna , Vasjukov Vladimir Mikhailovich , Saksonov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

Mogutova mountain flora (Zhiguli hill, Samara Region) has about 700 species of vascular plants, 14 species are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (2008), 50 species are included in the Red Book of the Samara Region (2017), 7 species are the endemics of the Zhiguli hills. On the Mogutova mountain 48 plant associations were described: 36 associations are represented by forest vegetation, 1 Association is represented by shrubs, 11 associations are represented by herbaceous vegetation. In eight described associations there are 6 endemic species of the Zhiguli hills: in Cerasus fruticosa + Caragana frutex association one endemic species is found Euphorbia zhiguliensis; in Stipa pennata Caragana frutex association there are 3 endemics Cerastium zhigulense, Gypsophila juzepczukii and Thymus zheguliensis; in Stipa capillata + Herbae stepposae and Stipa capillata + Echinops ruthenicus associations there is only Thymus zheguliensis; in Herbae stepposae + Stipa pulcherrima and Stipa pennata + Helianthemum nummularium associations there are 2 endemic species Gypsophila juzepczukii and Thymus zheguliensis; in Thymus zheguliensis association there are 4 endemics Cerastium zhigulense, Gypsophila juzepczukii, Sisymbrium pinnatisectum, Thymus zheguliensis; in Schevereckia hyperborea association Poa saksonovii is revealed. The endemics of the Zhiguli hills: Euphorbia zhiguliensis and Thymus zheguliensis are protected at the Federal level, and Cerastium zhigulense, Gypsophila juzepczukii and Poa saksonovii are protected at the regional level.
The impact of economic activity on the ecological state of the water reservoirs of Ishim
Authors: Suppes Natalia Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

This article analyzes the problem of the state of the water bodies in Ishim by anthropogenic pressures. The study shows that the water reservoirs are negatively influenced by the economic activities of the population. The author defines their main directions: industrial wastewater discharge to the city water bodies, construction and operation of engineering constructions, activity in the private sector. To assess the state of the water bodies the author uses the results of the visual assessment of the state of the riverbeds and their coastal zone, the organoleptic water indicators (turbidity, color and smell), the analysis of the hydrobiological studies (determination of the degree of saprobity of the water bodies as indicators ciliated infusoria). The study showed the satisfactory condition of all the water reservoirs and the non-critical impact. As the enterprises for light manufacturing and food industries in Ishim are not sources of chemical, organic and other pollution the visual assessment didn't reveal significant deformations of the riverbeds and any changes in the coastal zone. The impact of the private sector is local and not the significant cause of organic pollution.
Some words about Tatiana Dmitrievna Belanovskaya
Authors: Murashkin Anton Igorevich , Tikhonov Igor Lvovich , Matveeva Ekaterina Georgievna , Beliaeva Valentina Ivanovna
Published: December 2020

September 10, 2018 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Tatyana Dmitrievna Belanovskaya (19182010) who was one of the first graduates of Archaeology Department of Leningrad State University. She graduated from the University in 1941 and completed postgraduate studies at Archaeology Department in 1948. From 1948 until 1988 T.D. Belanovskaya taught at the same Department. The most important courses made by her were Prehistory and the basics of ethnography, The Basics of Archeology, as well as special courses on Neolithic, Eneolithic and numerous regional courses in archeology of Western, Central and Eastern Europe. 52 master theses were written under the guidance of T.D. Belanovskaya; many of the graduates defended doctoral dissertations. Thanks to her educational activity, recent studying of Neolithic was formed in Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Tatiana Dmitrievna conducted long-term field studies of the settlement of Rakushechny Yar the unique multilayer site which includes Neolithic and Eneolithic materials. The stratigraphy of the site is a kind of reference standard for the territory of the South of Eastern Europe while the studying of the oldest pottery from the lower layers allows ones to solve the problem of neolithization of the region. The paper includes excerpts from the interview with Tatyana Dmitrievna Belanovskaya and memoirs of her students graduated from Archaeology Department of Leningrad State University in the 1960s and now working at the Department.
New investigations of early Neolithic layers (on the example of Rakushechny Yar)
Authors: Tsybriy Andrey Vitalievich , Dolbunova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Mazurkevich Andrey Nikolaevich , Tsybriy Tatiana Vladimirovna , Tsybriy Viktor Vitalievich , Szmańda Jacek , Kittel Piotr
Published: December 2020

R

Rakushechny Yar has attracted interest for a long period of time. New questions arose around its materials and the site itself, which led to renewal of excavations and investigations of this site nowadays. New investigations of the place allowed the authors to distinguish early Neolithic layers, which were inaccessible before due to a high water level of the Don River. Particularities of Unio and Viviparus shells distribution show that these were different shell middens within several horizons. Also variety of spots full of bone debris and pits were uncovered here. New paleogeographical studies allowed reconstruction ancient landscape in the surroundings of this place. Shell tools, stone industry and ceramic assemblage, bone and antler tools are early Neolithic finds. The first time wooden artefacts and coprolites were found in a low watered layer. Finds of bones of domestic animals suggest even more complicated organization of this early Neolithic society.
Some review on the results of technical and technological analysis of ceramics (on the example of the Rakushechny Yar settlement)
Authors: Vasilieva Irina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The article gives the results on the problem of pottery technology usage in the population which left a multilayered stratified settlement of the neo-Eneolithic Age of Rakushechny Yar. It is located on the island of Porechny in the riverbed of the Don river, which is near Razdorskaya village of Rostov Region in Russian Federation. This research is a long-term study concerning the problem of ancient pottery technology usage in Eastern European territory of Russia. The author found it is important to use both the historical and cultural approach and the method of A.A. Bobrinskiy. This method includes binocular microscopy, tracology and physical modeling experiment. The authors studied 294 samples of ceramics (separate vessels approximately) in Rakushechny Yar. Thus, the article describes the techniques and methods for selecting plastic raw materials, composing molding masses, making vessels, giving a general description of the Lower Don region Early Neolithic pottery. Moreover the author uses the comparative analysis to describe the new knowledge and give more information on the problem concerning the pottery technology usage in these regions. The author gives similar and different specific features of the neolithization process in the Don and the Volga regions as well as the questions concerning the origin and the development of early Neolithic pottery traditions in south steppe zone of the Eastern Europe.
Stone implement from the early Neolithic layers in Rakushechny Yar (on the example of the researches of 2016-2017)
Authors: Gorodetskaya Susanna Pavlovna
Published: December 2020

The article shows the analysis of the collection of the stone artifacts obtained as a result of excavations of the early Neolithic layers of the site Rakushechny Yar. The collection of the stone tools makes it possible to get an idea about the flaking technology, oriented to obtaining blades. However, the absence of the products of debitage on the site indicates that flaking and tool production were realized outside the site. For secondary modification inhabitants of the site used such techniques as retouching and polishing. The tools assemblage was represented mainly by points that were used as drills, end-scrapers and polished axes, which indicates the specific economic activities of the inhabitants of the site, associated with the woodworking. The stone implement of the site has analogies not only in the Neolithic sites of the region, but also in the Neolithic stone implements of the sites of the Lower Volga and Northern Caspian Regions. Taking into account that the investigated part of the site was a coastal zone at one time, as well as the presence of a large number of fish bones in the lower layers, it can be assumed that the use of the above categories of tools was somehow connected with fishing. This assumption can be confirmed by microwear analysis of the stone tools.
Archeological analysis of osteological material of Rakushechniy Yar settlement while studying the economy of the early Neolytic population
Authors: Sablin Mikhail Valerievich
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the study results of the settlement Rakushechny Yar fauna from the excavations of 20132017. It is a reference site for this region, because it has a unique stratigraphy. It was possible to determine 201 bones of mammals, birds and turtles at the early Neolithic layers of Rakushechny Yar. The fish remains at the settlement are numerous, but have not been investigated. The large ungulates were of the greatest importance here for the hunting. The largest number of the bones belongs to the red deer. Cutting the carcasses of this animal occurred at the settlement. It should be noted that the horse is represented by a wild form here. An important event was the appearance of domestic cows, sheep and pigs in this region. As a result of the analysis of the available osteological material we can confidently state that the process of domestication of these species passed long before the arrival of the settlers on the Don River. The Early Neolithic population in the Northern Black Sea Region, from our point of view, was heterogeneous in terms of material culture and, probably, the origins of the formation. It is possible that this is the reason for the difference in economic activity of people in that territory.
Complex experimental-trasologic and ethnographic researches of ceramics: technology of manufacturing and burning
Authors: Poplevko Galina Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Complex experimental-trasological and ethnographic studies of ceramics are shown on the example of their application to the study of technological methods for the manufacture of ancient ceramics. The paper considers the use of different research methods using the materials of Rakushechny Yar settlement on the Lower Don and Maikop culture in the North Caucasus and ethnographic data. Experimental modeling of flat-bottomed vessels of the Neolithic and round-bottomed vessels of Maikop culture is given as an example. It is shown that ceramics in different archaeological epochs were made using several techniques. The technique of making vessels was modeled by experiments. The study of ethnographic data on the technique of making round-bottomed vessels shows that the methods of modeling different vessels are much larger. The work presents archaeological, experimental, tracological and ethnographic data on the production of both flat-bottomed and round-bottomed vessels using the knockout technique. Recently, with the help of this technique, a series of experiments on the modeling of vessels and the subsequent tracological study of the technology of their manufacture with the help of a knockout was performed. For the first time the author shows the use of a combination of various methods of modeling in the manufacture of Neolithic vessels. The data of petrography and experiments on the burning of vessels are given.
Some similarity features in the Neolithic Lower and Middle Don
Authors: Gapochka Sergey Nikolaevich , Surkov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

The paper considers the influence of Rakushechny Yar settlement research on ideas about the Middle Don Neolithic. Traditionally, the Lower Don Region was considered as one of the centers of the Middle Don Neolithic culture. The paper contains a comparison of the stone and ceramic inventory of the Rakushechny Yar with the materials of the Middle Don Culture sites. There are common features: stone inventory lamellar with a small number of geometric forms, acute vascularity, the use of pointed ornamentation, technological methods of vessel surface processing. At the same time, a large number of differences in the comparison of Early Neolithic materials of the Lower and Middle Don allow one to conclude that there is no genetic connection between the Middle Don and Rakushechny Yar cultures. In addition, the paper presents the study of the Cherkasskaya 5 site, its materials precede the Srednodonsk in chronological order and have many similarities with the finds from the lower layers of Rakushechny Yar settlement. Thus, the stone inventory of Cherkasskaya 5 is plate, geometric microliths are not found.
New approaches to models of gender roles of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals: Kazburun Archeological Microdistrict (on the example of the results of a bioarcheological analysis)
Authors: Shcherbakov Nikolai Borisovich , Shuteleva Iia Alexandrovna , Leonova Tatiana Alekseevna , Gorshkov Konstantin Alexandrovich , Golyeva Alexandra Amurievna , Baturina Alexandra Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

Complex archaeological studies carried out on the monuments of the developed classical Late Bronze Age in the territory of the Southern Urals, Kazburun archeological microdistrict allowed to apply the method of osteobiography to the reconstruction of gender features of the funeral rite. The received radiocarbon dates allowed not only to overstate the history of the inhabitants of the Srubnaya and Alakul cultural tastes for a period of 350400 years in this territory, but also to show the finding of all those buried in the same chronological horizon. At the same time, a comparative radiocarbon analysis of the materials of funerary and settlement complexes also showed their simultaneity. DNA data made it possible to distinguish the specificity of the funeral rite. A strong degree of crookedness as a gender characteristic of the buried Scorpion is suggested to be investigated both in the traditional description (crookedness in the hip joint and crookedness in the knee joint, and use the parameter of scorpionctomy in the elbow joint of the buried). Anthropological analyzes characterized a number of paleoblocks as a gender attribute for the homogeneous paleodiet of the ancient population of the Kazburun archaeological microdistrict. Soil research methods have made it possible to determine the nature of the interaction of the ancient population and the modern paleo-environment, thus revealing the level of ancient anthropogenic impact on the environment, to identify probable traditions in the construction of the ancient population.
Social protection of female workers at Saint Petersburg industrial enterprises in the second half of the XIX - early XX century as one of the aspects of everyday life female history
Authors: Severtseva Olga Valentinovna
Published: December 2020

The paper refers to the measures of social protection of female workers at St. Petersburg industrial enterprises in the second half of the XIX early XX century. Social security is an important part of any persons everyday life, especially women. Laws adopted in the Russian Empire, within the framework of factory legislation, were aimed at supporting the interests of industrial entrepreneurs rather than female workers. Legislative acts that were supposed to guarantee social protection for women workers were practically not observed. Many of these laws were even abolished by later regulatory acts. Female workers did not receive equal wages with men. Women had to work long hours in unsanitary conditions. Female workers were almost slaves for the owner of an industrial enterprise. Factory inspectors could not help women workers solve their problems. The authorities did not provide social protection for women in St. Petersburg, who worked for factories in the second half of the XIX early XX century.
Speech creative skills activities development (on the example of students of language departments in pedagogical universities)
Authors: Kizrina Natalia Gennadievna , Yankina Oksana Evgenievna
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the problem of speech creative skills development in the process of teaching foreign languages (on the example of the students of pedagogical departments in pedagogical universities). Thus, it analyzes the creative activity and the process of creative skills activity development. These skills include receptive and productive skills of reticular activity. The authors consider these skills as an indispensable condition to the development of the secondary language personality of students. Moreover they find it is important to consider creative expression as the key factor to students foreign language activity development. The article shows the characteristics of a foreign creative expression, which are taken as a basis for the criteria for assessing students' spoken activity in foreign languages. The principles of teaching foreign-language recitative activity are analyzed. The article presents a complex of special exercises which the teacher can use while teaching a foreign language activity. It includes analytical, reproductive and productive and productive exercises. Analytical exercises are aimed at developing skills in text analysis. Reproductive-productive exercises include exercises which help to specify, to transform and to reconstruct the text. Productive exercises are focused on learners skills development to make full creative statements in a foreign language. A teacher can use these exercises both in universities and other educational institutions.
Project activities in professional training of bachelors of the pedagogical University (on the example of the profile «Foreign language»)
Authors: Lazutova Lyudmila Andreevna , Levina Elena Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

The article shows the project activity as one of the most important method in the system of professional training of bachelors in the process of teaching a foreign language. Project activities have both a number of requirements and a certain sequence of actions. The authors of the paper consider the role of system-activity and communicative methods to project activity development. The system-activity method is based on the principles that are necessary for the organization of the pro-long process of learning the activity paradigm of higher education. The communicative method of teaching is fundamental in the modern methodics of teaching foreign languages. The article presents the classification of projects, describes the basic requirements for the implementation of projects. The main type of projects used in teaching a foreign language at the University is a creative project, as they do not require a detailed structure of joint activities of students. The implementation of a creative project in a foreign language class involves a modular approach. Each module is aimed at the development of skills in various types of speech activity and contributes to the formation of communicative competence and comprehensive development of the students ' personality. The results of the study can serve as a basis for further study of project activities in the process of teaching foreign languages.