bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Permainan Outbound Untuk Peningkatan Keterampilan Gerak Dasar Siswa Paud Sayang Anak Kecamatan Sukamulia Kabupaten Lombok Timur
Authors: Muslihan Muslihan
Published: May 2018

The problem in this research is "What is the outbound game development model to encourage the improvement of basic movement skill of Sayang Anak Early Childhood Education (PAUD) Sukamulia subdistrict, East Lombok, Academic Year 2005/2016?". The purpose of this research is to produce outbound game development model to encourage the improvement of basic movement skills of PAUD Sukamulia sub-district, East Lombok academic year 2015/2016 in physical motor learning to develop various aspects of learning and increase the physical activities of PAUD students. This research is a development research. The product development procedures include product analysis to be created, initial product development, expert validation and revision, small group trials and revision, large group trials and end products. Data collection methods are through questionnaires obtained from expert evaluation, observation and interview. Data analysis technique used is descriptive percentage. Based on the research data, it is concluded that the development of outbound games could encourage the improvement of basic movement skills effectively and in accordance with the characteristics of students so that it can be used in physical education learning in early childhood.
Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Dalam Prespektif Islam
Authors: Alanshori M. Zainuddin
Published: May 2018

Early childhood education is a very important element. This paper aims to elaborate the principles of early childhood education based on naqliyah and aqliyah arguments as well as the nature of early childhood education in the Islamic perspectives. In addition, this paper also explains the conceptual theoretical studies of curriculum or content of Islamic education for early childhood, as well as methods that could be applied and developed in the implementation of early childhood education.
Pengaruh Prestasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Terhadap Karakter Jujur Siswa Sman 1 Tarik Sidoarjo
Authors: Hidayati Eka Wahyu
Published: May 2018

The learning activities in the subject of Islamic Religious Education is a requirement aimed at building the basic character of students, especially honesty, given the number of students lacking the basic character of honesty in all things either in teaching and learning process or in daily activities. Thus, the writer intends to examine the phenomenon. This study is the result of a field research aimed at answering such problems as firstly the learning achievement of Islamic Religious Education, secondly the character of honesty, thirdly the effect of learning achievement in building the character of honesty, and fourthly the influence of the learning achievement of Islamic Religious Education towards the character of honesty of students in SMA Negeri 1 Sidoarjo. To obtain reliable data, the writer uses such methods as documentation, interview, and questionnaires. In analyzing the data the writer uses the Pearson Product Moment Correlation technique. This study showed that the learning achievement of Islamic Religious Education at SMAN 1 Sidoarjo is classified as moderate, namely  81.4%, while the students classified as having honesty are amounted to 74.3%. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the learning achievement of Islamic Religious Education and the honesty of students.
Paradigma Baru Konsep Pendidikan Islam Perspektif Syeikhul Islam Ibn Taimiyah
Authors: Fageh Achmad
Published: May 2018

Islamic education is one field of Islamic studies who received a lot of attention from scientists. This is because in addition to a very strategic role in order to enhance human resources, as well as in Islamic education there are a variety of complex problems. Ibn Taymiyyah for example, he was known as a scholar, thinker and politician. The thinking in the field of education is a response to the various problems facing the Islamic society that demands split logically through education. Philosophy of education, he said, should be built on the foundation of monotheism, the belief in the oneness of God. Monotheism which is the basis of education include; rububiyah monotheism, monotheism asthma wa uluhiyah and nature. Based on the insights of faith is then Ibn Taymiyyah describes the purpose of education, students, teachers, curriculum and so on.
Las «Canciones manchegas» para piano y voz de Pedro Echevarría Bravo. Un hito en el regionalismo musical manchego
Authors: Moya Maleno Francisco Javier
Published: May 2018

Pedro Echevarría Bravo es conocido por su trabajo de recopilador de folklore musical en La Mancha. Utilizando una selección del material que recogió compuso, entre los años 40 y 60 del pasado siglo, una serie de canciones de concierto para voz y piano. Echevarría fue ampliando y modificando con el paso de los años esta pequeña colección dotando a seguidillas, romances, jotas, fandangos, etc. de un acompañamiento de piano que se inspira en estilos y movimientos tan diversos como el posromanticismo, impresionismo, neoclasicismo o jazz. Con estas características, las Canciones manchegas de Pedro Echevarría se convierten en una de las composiciones más reseñables del regionalismo musical manchego.
El pensamiento filosófico de Pedro Echevarría Bravo
Authors: Labajo Altamirano Luis Herminio
Published: May 2018

Pedro Echevarría Bravo (1905-1990), además de ser un folklorista, etnomusicólogo, compositor y director de bandas de música, tiene también una menos conocida faceta filosófica. Para analizar el pensamiento filosófico de Pedro Echevarría Bravo discutiremos brevemente sus textos Origen de la autoridad (1926) y Las causas finales en los cuerpos (1927). En el primero de ellos confrontaremos sus posiciones políticas, sociológicas y antropológicas a la luz de lo pensado por la tradición occidental. El segundo texto nos permitirá sumergirnos en el origen mismo del pensamiento científico moderno, ya que la crítica a la noción aristotélica de causa final provocó la aparición de una teoría física matematizada y contrastable empíricamente.
El romance de «El señor don gato»: versiones y variantes en los cancioneros de Castilla-La Mancha
Authors: López García Narciso José , De Moya Martínez María del Valle
Published: May 2018

La tradición oral ha influido directamente en la propagación de piezas musicales, siendo uno de sus principales efectos la denominada recreación comunal. Un claro ejemplo de recreación comunal es el romance de El señor don gato, del que hemos localizado más de cien textos que, si bien convergen todos ellos en la idea fundamental del gato enamorado y la consiguiente desgracia que le sobreviene por este motivo, existen todo tipo de narraciones, con usos léxicos y construcciones fraseológicas diferentes. Con respecto a los documentos sonoros localizados, podemos hablar de dos tipologías bien diferenciadas: versiones musicales y variantes musicales. En este artículo presentamos los ejemplos localizados en los cancioneros castellano-manchegos, dos de los cuales pertenecen al Cancionero Musical Manchego de don Pedro Echevarría Bravo.
NOUNS IDENTITY / ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ: ETHNO-SEMIOMETRIC ASPECT
Authors: Vostrikova Ol'ga Vladimirovna
Published: May 2018

In a number of nowadays existing European languages, the semantic equivalents of the English noun identity possess common formal features and term meanings. This can presuppose their status of international words. The ethno-semiometric study case of the English and Russian noun-equivalents identity/идентичность reveals a temporal gap of their entering the adopting lan-guages and the so-called semantic learnedness, which contradict the criteria of international terms. The disclosed incongruences have led to differences in frequency and semantics of the nouns.
THE VERBAL PORTRAIT OF A MODERN WOMAN BY THE MATERIAL OF THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE GLOSSY MAGAZINES
Authors: Ponomareva Ekaterina Valer'evna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of representing the image of a modern woman in English-language glossy magazines. For the purpose of revealing a woman’s portrait the paper considers examples of the most frequently used lexical and syntactic stylistic devices and tools used by the authors of articles to recreate the image of a beautiful woman and the image of a successful woman. Basing on the analysis of “Style Caster”, “Real Simple”, “Vogue”, “Cosmopolitan”, “She Knows” publications, it is es-tablished that the verbal behavior of a modern woman is characterized by the prevalence of stable gender characteristics.
L. N. TOLSTOY’S SHORT STORY “IL’YAS”: TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF THE HISTORY OF CREATION AND EDITION
Authors: Sizova Irina Igorevna
Published: May 2018

The article presents a new view on the history of creation and edition of L. N. Tolstoy’s short story “Il’yas”. The dating of the writer’s work on the story is specified: March 14-26, May 17, 1885, the first half of March 1886. The stages of the embodiment of the plan are studied. An analysis of the formation of the content and form of elements shows that draft manuscripts do not contain any signs that would confirm the existence of an early version. For the first time different interpretations of the printed publications of “Il’yas” in 1886 are systematized, the typology of semantic mistakes and errors admitted by the author and introduced into the story by the preparers is revealed.
ENGLISH TEXT OF SCIENCE FICTION IN THE ASPECT OF COGNITIVE MODELING OF REALITY
Authors: Poletaeva Elena Denisovna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of ascertaining the nature of the science-fiction text, which is correlated with the formed science of a certain period of time. The paper argues that the text belonging to the field of this or that science is the main criterion for its acknowledgement as a science-fiction one. The author determines English science-fiction texts belonging to various fields of science, as well as their referential basis, which makes it possible to form an integral idea about the informative range of topics touched upon by science fiction authors.
SETTLED SIMILES AS A MEANS OF LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION WHILE TEACHING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Maklakova Tat'yana Borisovna , Chupanovskaya Mariya Nikolaevna
Published: May 2018

The article reveals the possibilities of settled similes as linguistic units, through which it is possible to develop and improve the linguistic and cultural competence of students - non-native speakers. The proposed material is limited by settled similes with the component “plant” that, being a source of background knowledge acquisition, help to touch the Russians’ culture and everyday life. Step-by-step acquaintance of foreign students with these phenomena not only contributes to the outlook broadening, but also helps to avoid a situation of communicative failure when using them in speech practice.
ETNOGRAFÍA COLECTIVA DE EVENTOS: LA CRONOTOPÍA PARADOJAL DE LA MARCHA DE LA GORRA (CÓRDOBA, ARGENTINA)
Authors: Bonvillani Andrea
Published: May 2018

En este artículo me propongo reflexionar sobre la experiencia de investigación conducida desde 2012 respecto de la acción colectiva denominada Marcha de la Gorra, que tiene como propósito central demandar el cese de las prácticas de estigmatización social y persecución policial de las cuales son objeto los jóvenes de sectores populares de Córdoba (Argentina). He llamado a la estrategia metodológica construida en estos años “etnografía colectiva de eventos”, recreando la denominación propuesta por la antropóloga Borges y enfatizando el carácter coordinado y cooperativo del trabajo de varias investigadoras. Describo y discuto algunas particularidades que hacen a la práctica de la investigación etnográfica en una movilización juvenil de protesta, a partir del análisis de las vicisitudes del trabajo de campo que se despliega en dos cronotopos que he identificado como propios de esta marcha. Mi doble condición de investigadora y militante anima una reflexión crítica sobre la propia implicación.
CINE, IDENTIDADES Y COMUNIDADES. REFLEXIONES METODOLÓGICAS A PARTIR DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN SOBRE CINE E IMAGINARIOS SOCIALES EN EL MERCOSUR
Authors: Moguillansky Marina
Published: May 2018

En este trabajo reflexiono sobre las articulaciones teórico-metodológicas del análisis del cine en tanto fuente para estudiar la dimensión simbólica de los proyectos de integración regional en América Latina, partiendo de una investigación empírica sobre el cine en el Mercosur. La metodología descripta se basa en el paradigma interpretativo que considera a los discursos audiovisuales como constructores y transmisores de imaginarios sociales. En la primera parte, sintetizo las claves teóricas que sostienen la indagación del cine como discurso estético imbricado en la trama social. En la segunda parte, reseño mi propia experiencia de investigación en el trabajo con películas de países del Mercosur para discutir los pasos analíticos y las decisiones metodológicas, así como las dificultades reales que debe sortear el investigador al trabajar con este tipo de fuente.
INVESTIGAR LA COMPLEJIDAD, ASUMIR LA INCERTIDUMBRE
Authors: Perlo Claudia Liliana
Published: May 2018

En este artículo referimos al abordaje metodológico que ha orientado nuestra tarea de investigación, a lo largo de nuestro trabajo. Se retoman, amplían y profundizan conceptos abordados en trabajos científicos previos. Nos proponemos problematizar los alcances y restricciones de los enfoques clásicos y hegemónicos de investigación, y asumir la controversia que supone articular “un modo tradicional de hacer ciencia” con la atención a los problemas sociales y políticos que demanda la coyuntura actual. Para ello, desde el campo de la ontoepistemología y a nivel metodológico, elegimos una perspectiva cualitativa y compleja dentro de la cual optamos por el diseño de la investigación-acción. En este sentido es que teoría y práctica se funden recursivamente a través del estudio en casos. A modo de ejemplificar metodológicamente la teoría aquí desarrollada, presentamos un caso estudiado.
LAS PRÁCTICAS ESCOLARES DE PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS PROFESORES Y DE LAS FAMILIAS EN LA GESTIÓN ESCOLAR EN LA ESCUELA SECUNDARIA
Authors: Saucedo María Gloria
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo aborda la problemática de las prácticas escolares de participación de los profesores y las familias en la gestión escolar de la escuela secundaria. El objetivo sustancial de este escrito consiste en describir al objeto de estudio desde los planos de análisis de la macro y micropolítica educativa. Desde el primero, se considera la configuración de este en el contexto de la reforma y la transformación escolar como de los fines y objetivos que devienen de la Ley de Educación Nacional N° 26206 (LEN) y las resoluciones jurisdiccionales que la promueven. En el segundo, se aborda cómo resignifican” los actores escolares y los tutores el contenido de las políticas, las innovaciones y las estrategias planteadas desde lo discursivo, así cómo estas se materializan en la escuela secundaria y tensionan la cultura escolar que la constituye. El objeto de estudio se aborda desde una metodología de diseño cualitativo de carácter exploratorio-descriptivo, guiándose por los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Cómo configuran y articulan desde el plano macropolítico los diversos actores desde los distintos niveles (macro, meso y micropolítico) las propuestas de participación en la institución educativa? ¿Cómo son “resignificadas” las regulaciones educativas por los profesores y las familias en relación con la participación en la organización y gestión escolar? ¿Cuáles son los conflictos que surgen en vinculación con la cultura escolar de la escuela secundaria? ¿Cuáles son las alternativas de solución que se proponen desde la teoría para materializarlas?
Authors: Utomo Agus Setyo
Published: May 2018

Abstrak: Angka harapan hidup penduduk di Jawa Timur meningkat hingga periode 2015-2020 menjadi73,2 tahun. Pertumbuhnan lansia dikuti dengan penurunan kemampuan fisik sehingga tidak jarangkeluhan kesehatan dirasakan.Walaupun demikian, banyak lansia yang masih bekerja untuk memenuhikebutuhan hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis hubungan aktifitas lansia berdaya guna(beban aktifitas, mobilitas fisik, interaksi sosial) dengan status kesehatan. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh lansia yang bekerja sejumlah215 orang. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian adalah sebagian lansia yang bekerja dengan tehnikpengambilan sampel simple random sampling dan besar sampel 140 responden. Penelitian inimenggunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan hasil variabel bebas secara bersama-sama berpengaruhterhadap status kesehatan responden dengan nilai signifikansi Beban Kerja (Sig.=0.000), Mobilitas(Sig.=0.010) dan Interaksi ( Sig = 0.000). Pemilihan pekerjaan untuk lansia sebaiknya mempunyaibeban kerja tidak berat, tidak ada persaingan dan deadline.
Pesantren dalam Kebijakan Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Badrudin Badrudin , Purwanto Yedi , Siregar Chairil N
Published: May 2018

Pesantrens are often said to have received discriminatory treatment in Indonesian education politics, despite the fact that pesantrens have contributed positively to the development of education in Indonesia. But how is the Government's policy towards pesantren in Indonesia after Indonesia's independence? This article discusses this issue based on recent research results using a political (policy) and historical approach with descriptive methods. The technique of data collection is developed by documentation study on education policy in Indonesia, observation, as well as interviews. The study proves that the Government has dominated the policy towards pesantren where the pesantren policy is approved, accepted and implemented by government institutions. The research also concludes that since the inclusion of pesantren into By Law No. 20 Year 2003 on Indonesia’s National Education System, pesantren is in a vortex of attraction and interest between society and the Government. Pesantrens are treated discriminatively by the Government characterized by unclear implementation, regulation and budget allocation for these pesantrens. In essence, Pesantrens have not received the proper attention from the Government.

Keywords: policy, education, pesantren, Indonesia

Pesantren sering dikatakan mendapatkan perlakuan diskriminatif dalam politik pendidikan Indonesia, walaupun pesantren telah berkon-tribusi positif pada perkembangan pendidikan di Indonesia. Tapi bagai-mana¬kah sebenarnya kebijakan Pemerintah terhadap pesantren di Indonesia setelah Indonesia merdeka? Artikel ini membahas isu ini ber-dasar¬kan hasil penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan politik (kebija-kan) dan sejarah dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumentasi terhadap kebijakan pendidikan di Indonesia, observasi, dan juga wawancara. Penelitian membuktikan bahwa Pemerintah telah mendominasi kebijakan terhadap pesantren di mana kebijakan pesantren disetujui, diterima dan dilaksanakan oleh pranata pemerintah. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa sejak dimasukkannya pesan¬tren ke dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, maka pesantren berada dalam pusaran tarik menarik kepentingan antara masyarakat dengan Pemerintah. Pesantren diperla¬kukan diskriminatif oleh Pemerintah ditandai dengan ketidakjelasan imple¬mentasi, regulasi dan alokasi anggaran untuk pesantren. Intinya, Pesantren belum mendapatkan perhatian yang seharusnya dari Pemerintah.

Kata Kunci: kebijakan, pendidikan, pesantren, Indonesia
THE USE OF STAD TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ READING ACHIEVEMENT AT CLASS XI IA1 OF SMAN 7 KENDARI
Authors: Tohamba Citra Prasiska Puspita
Published: May 2018

The objective of the study is to investigate the improvement of students’ reading achievement by applying one of cooperative learning techniques namely STAD technique at class XI IA 1 of SMAN 7 Kendari. The target of this study is 70% of total students at class XI IA 1 who are expected to get 65 (based on standard of minimum score of the school). The design of this study is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) that involves four stages, namely: 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation, 4) reflection. This study is conducted in two cycles because the target has been achieved successfully in which each cycle consists of three meetings. The research data are collected by 1) test, 2) observation sheets, and 3) field note. Based on the data in pre-observation, there were problems in students reading achievement 1) students could not find out specific information of narrative text, 2) they found difficulty to identify main idea of the text, 3) they could not determine the generic structure of narrative text correctly, (4) they did not know the meaning of the text well because they sometimes found unfamiliar words. The result of this study shows that STAD technique as cooperative learning model can improve the students’ reading achievement at class XI IA 1 of SMA Negeri 7 Kendari in academic year 2010/2011. It is reflected from the improvement of students’ score of reading test in every cycle, in which, at the first cycle, the total number of students who can get the score of ≥ 65 is 18 students or 56.3% of 32 students, with the mean score is 62.2. Moreover, after conducting the first cycle, two problems that identified in the preliminary research can be treated well in which students can find detail information from reading text and they can determine the generic structure of the narrative text. Nevertheless, the target of students’ reading achievement has not achieved yet and there are some problems that have not been treated well. Thus, this study is continued to the second cycle, where in the second cycle, the weaknesses and constraints in the first cycle are solved effectively. It can be indicated by the students’ reading improvement, in which students can get main idea of the reading text and they know how to guess the unfamiliar word. Besides, students help each other, interact, discuss with the teacher and their classmates, contribute scores for teams, give respect to others, and become independent and good students. Therefore, in the end of the second cycle, the target achievement of this study is achieved, where there are 84.4 % or 27 students of 32 students at class XI IA 1 get the score ≥ 65.  In brief, STAD technique is an effective technique that can improve students’ reading achievement at class XI IA 1 of SMA Negeri 7 Kendari.
IMPROVING THE STUDENTS’ READING SKILL THROUGH TRANSLATION METHOD
Authors: Ismail Hijril , Syahruzah Juang Kurniawan , Basuki B.
Published: May 2018

The aims of this research are to find out how the implementation of translation can improve the students’ reading skill and how the students’ responses to the use of translation method in the teaching and learning process. This research is a classroom action research. The participant is 39 students. The research instrument used is in the form of observation checklist, test, and questioners. The finding of the research shows that the implementation of translation improves the students’ reading skill in the teaching process and the test result. The result of evaluation which carried out in end of the cycle I obtained that the lowest score is 40 and the highest score is 82 then the average score is 58.1, cycle II gets the lowest score is 50 and the highest score is 85 then the average score is 60,9, and cycle III get the lowest score is 60 and the highest score is 85 and the average score is 65.8. Therefore, it can be concluded that the translation method can improve the students’ reading skill of grade VII D of MTs. Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta and the students’ responses are positive when the teacher applied translation method in teaching and learning process.
Effect of GaN substrate thickness on the optical field of InGaN lasers diodes
Authors: Martin Alfonso Juan Antonio , Sanchez M.
Published: May 2018

In this work the influence of GaN substrate thickness on the near and far-field patterns of InGaN lasers structures is analyzed. In simulation a conventional separate confinement heterostructure of InGaN-MQW / GaN / AlGaN is considered. A fluctuating behavior is found, showing that for some values of the substrate thickness the near and far- field patterns can be optimized and there are critical values of the substrate thickness that produce the lowest values of the confinement factor and the higher values of the full wide half-maximum of the far field. It is also shown that by substituting the GaN contact layer by an AlxGa1-xN layer with a parabolic variation of the Al content it is possible to reduce the optical field leakage to substrate. Results indicated that properly choosing the thickness of the substrate and replacing the n-GaN contact layer by a graded-index (GRIN) AlxGa1-xN layer it is possible to improve both the confinement factor and Far field pattern in nitride lasers.
Subatomic mechanism of the oscillatory magnetoresistance in superconductors
Authors: Ivlev Boris I.
Published: May 2018

In the recent experiments [1] the unusual oscillatory magnetoresistance in superconductors was discovered with a periodicity essentially independent on magnetic field direction and even material parameters. The nearly universal period points to a subatomic mechanism of the phenomenon. This mechanism is related to formation inside samples of subatomically thin (10−11 cm) threads in the form of rings of approximately Bohr radius. Electron states of rings go over into conduction electrons which carry the same spin imbalance in energy as rings. The imbalance occurs due to spin interaction with the orbital momentum of the ring. The conductivity near Tc is determined by fluctuating Cooper pairs consisting of electrons with shifted energies. Due to different angular momenta of rings these energies periodically depend on magnetic field resulting in the observed oscillatory magnetoresistance. Calculated universal positions of peaks (n + 1/2)∆H (∆H \simeq 0.18T and n = 0, 1, 2...) on the R(H) curve are in a good agreement with measurements.
Wavelet characterization of hyper-chaotic time series
Authors: Murguía J. S. , Rosu H. C. , Reyes-López L. E. , Mejía-Carlos M. , Vargas-Olmos C.
Published: May 2018

A wavelet scaling numerical characterization of time series based on the variance of the wavelet coefficients is used for three well-known four-dimensional and one five-dimensional hyper-chaotic systems. We report several scaling behaviors for the states of these hyper-chaotic systems.
Fractal imbibition in Koch's curve-like capillar tubes
Authors: Samayoa Didier , Álvarez Romero Liliana , Ochoa Ontiveros Lilian Aurora , Damian Adame Lucero Priscila , Victoria-Tobon Ehcatl , Romero Paredes Gabriel
Published: May 2018

Fractal geometry eects in capillary imbibition process are studied. Capillary rise analysis in Koch's curve-like tubes were be carried out with iterations i = 0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5. The behaviour was characterized in function of time, fractal geometry and height of capillary rise. An geometrical relationship for fractal dimension of  ow tortuosity (dr) in porous media is obtained. The analytical model of Lucas-Washburn-Cai to describe the capillary rise by spontaneus imbibition in tubes with deterministic fractal geometry is adjusted. The equilibrium height time as function of fractal dimension of  ow tortuosity in capillary tubes with tortuous path is also derived.
“Then the Saucers Do Exist?”: UFOs, the Practice of Conspiracy, and the Case of Wilbert Smith
Authors: Hayes Matthew
Published: May 2018

This article is about the practice of conspiracy theory. It provides a case study of Wilbert Smith, a Canadian government engineer, and the way in which a single document he produced—handwritten notes recollecting an interview with an American scientist—contributed to the perpetuation and expansion of the UFO conspiracy theory in North America. A literary-biographical approach is used to trace the genealogy of Smith’s notes, first written in 1950 but not discovered until the late 1970s. This recounting of Smith’s story demonstrates how the ufology community reproduced his notes and eventually used them to expand the UFO conspiracy theory into ever more fantastic realms. Conspiracy theory is understood here as a creative activity in which people across the political spectrum engage in order to make sense of a world in which it seems everything is connected. Conspiracy theory studies is still very nascent, especially so in Canada, and this article is a contribution to the study of the morphology of conspiracy theory. It provides a detailed Canadian case study that demonstrates the complicated transition from evidence to conclusion, showing how a single aspect of a larger conspiracy theory is constructed and maintained.
A Black Perspective on Canada’s Third Sector: Case Studies on Women Leaders in the Social Economy
Authors: Hossein Caroline Shenaz
Published: May 2018

While many Black Canadian women are innovators in the third sector, the contributions of Black people to the social economy go largely unnoticed in the academic literature. The social economy is not only a place of refuge for African-Canadians; it also provides a way for racially marginalized communities to co-opt resources. In fact, racialized Canadians are driven to be active in the third sector by the systemic bias and racism in the Canadian economy and society. To understand the place of the social economy among racialized people, we must recognize that Black and racialized people are not merely on the receiving end of aid and support, but that they lead and work within the social services sector. This paper utilizes Black liberation theory—specifically the concepts of self-help and co-operation—to analyze the work of five Black women leaders in non-profit organizations that reach thousands of people in Toronto. This study confronts the erasure of Black women in the third sector, and argues for the need to link liberation theory with the field of social economics in order to fully understand the significance of the social economy for Black and racialized people.
Donald Trump ou la présidence du chaos
Authors: Michelot Vincent
Published: May 2018

Quatorze mois après sa prise de fonctions, la pratique du pouvoir de Donald Trump à l’intérieur comme à l’extérieur ne correspond à aucun des modèles traditionnels de la science politique américaine sur la présidence. Seuls deux constats ressortent, l’isolement et le chaos avec un chef de l’exécutif qui semble délibérément – ou peut-être par ignorance – se priver des outils, normes et procédures qui légitiment la fonction et la rendent efficace et transformatrice mais aussi refuser de reconnaître que la présidence se nourrit des contre-pouvoirs et des contraintes qui s’exercent sur elle. Le hiatus traditionnel entre le chef de l’exécutif à l’intérieur et le chef d’Etat ou le chef des armées (Commander in Chief) à l’extérieur s’en trouve d’autant accentué, expliquant ainsi un bilan législatif des plus maigres mais un bilan diplomatique profondément perturbateur. Pour autant, une parfaite cohérence dans l’application du filtre électoral à la décision publique préserve toutes les chances du candidat Trump en 2020.
Crowd and nation. Character in the age of race
Authors: Nacci Michela
Published: May 2018

What relationship is there between the crowd and the nation? This article investigates these two concepts during the epoch (last quarter of the XIXth century) which saw collective psychology flourish. According to collective psychology, the crowd is a single subject which does not coincide with the sum of the members making it up: the crowd, that is, has a face. The nation possesses the same feature, especially in the version of national character: each nation is a collective subject and each nation has its own personality. What is even more significant is that in both cases, the concepts of race, heredity and imitation play a very important role: the crowd expresses the soul of the race, and the nation is closely interlocked with the race. The crowd and the nation show in action a hereditary mechanism of a type, which is not individual, but collective, thanks to which their features are maintained through time. Finally, the crowd and the nation show the fundamental role which imitation plays within them: in the crowd, resembling others is pathological (autonomy and originality of individual judgement are lost), while sharing some features with other citizens within the nation serves to cement unity. Crowd, nation, race, heredity ceaselessly pursue each other giving rise to versions which may or may not be deterministic, naturalist, racialist, depending on the various authors.
Solubility Enhancement of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by an Eco-Friendly Ester-Linked Gemini Surfactant and its Mixtures with Conventional Surfactants
Authors: Fatma Nazish , Panda Manorama , Kabir-ud-Din
Published: May 2018

The present study deals with the solubility enhancement of the two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) anthracene and pyrene in the aqueous micellar system of the cationic ester-containing cleavable gemini surfactant ethane-1,2-diyl-bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-tetradecylammoniumacetoxy) dichloride (14-E2-14 = C14H29(CH3)2N+(CH2COOCH2)2N+(CH3)2C14H29 · 2Cl−)), and its equimolar binary mixtures with some typical conventional cationic, anionic and non-ionic surfactants. The surface tension and conductivity measurements were used to evaluate the physicochemical parameters such as the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the interaction parameter (βm) and Gibbs excess free energy of micellization (ΔGexm) of the systems. The extent of solubilization of the micellar systems towards PAHs has been quantified in terms of molar solublization ratio (MSR), micellar/water partition coefficient (ln Km) and the standard Gibbs free energy of solubilization (ΔGs0). Above the CMC, all studied single as well as binary gemini-conventional surfactant systems show an increase in solubilization of the PAHs. For pure systems, the MSR value of Brij 58 was found to be significantly higher than that of the other amphiphiles. Amongst the mixed surfactant systems, the solubility enhancement of anthracene is found to be maximum in the 14-E2-14 + SDS/SDBS system whereas the system14-E2-14 + Brij 58 shows a higher solubility for pyrene.
Novel Carbohydrate Based Non-Ionic Gemini Surfactants with Flexible Spacer as Reverse Micellar Systems for Encapsulation of D- and L-Enantiomers of Some Aromatic α-Amino Acids in n-Hexane
Authors: Singh Nirmal , Sharma Lalit
Published: May 2018

Novel non-ionic gemini surfactants derived from carbohydrate carrying two hydrophobic tails with varying tail length of C12, C14 and C16, two sugar moiety as head groups, and an α-(CH2)6-flexible spacer have been synthesized. The head group of these gemini surfactants consists of sugar moiety connected to C-6 of tertiary amines. These gemini amphiphiles were explored as reverse micellar systems for encapsulation of some D- and L-enantiomers of aromatic α-amino acids i.e. histidine (His), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) in n-hexane in the absence of water. It is found that these amino acids are encapsulated in the order of His > Phe > Tyr > Trp, and it is also observed that in almost all cases the D-enantiomers were better encapsulated as compared to the L-enantiomers. In all cases, encapsulation of D- and L-enantiomers of aromatic α-amino acids increased with increase of the hydrophobic chain length of the gemini surfactants.
Improved Synthesis and Properties of N-(3-octadecylamino-2-hydroxyl) Propyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Cheng Huiyun , Xu Hujun , Liu Fan , Chen Xiuying
Published: May 2018

The cationic surfactant, N-(3-octadecylamino-2-hydroxyl) propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride was synthesized by an improved synthesis method and the structure was confirmed by Mass Spectrometry and 1H NMR Spectrometry. The physiochemical properties of the product were investigated systematically by surface tension and conductivity measurements. Various physiochemical parameters were calculated to evaluate the surface activities of the surfactant. The results show that both the critical micelle concentration and the degree of counterion dissociation increased with increasing temperature, but the surface tension at CMC decreased, which is opposite to that obtained on the previous condition with increasing NaCl concentration. The thermodynamic parameters obtained from conductivity measurement show that the micelle formation of the surfactant is entropy-driven in the investigated temperature range. While used as an asphalt emulsifier, N-(3-octadecylamino-2-hydroxyl) propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride exhibited an excellent emulsifying ability and it was a medium-set asphalt emulsifier.
Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts from Uncaria tomentosa Bark and Leaves
Authors: Navarro-Hoyos Mirtha , Alvarado-Corella Diego , Moreira-Gonzalez Ileana , Arnaez-Serrano Elizabeth , Monagas-Juan Maria
Published: May 2018

Uncaria tomentosa constitutes an important source of secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities mainly attributed until recently to alkaloids and triterpenes. We have previously reported for the first-time the polyphenolic profile of extracts from U. tomentosa, using a multi-step process involving organic solvents, as well as their antioxidant capacity, antimicrobial activity on aerial bacteria, and cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. These promising results prompted the present study using food grade solvents suitable for the elaboration of commercial extracts. We report a detailed study on the polyphenolic composition of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of U. tomentosa bark and leaves (n = 16), using High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/TQ-ESI-MS). A total of 32 compounds were identified, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols monomers, procyanidin dimers and trimers, flavalignans–cinchonains and propelargonidin dimers. Our findings showed that the leaves were the richest source of total phenolics and proanthocyanidins, in particular propelargonidin dimers. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) indicated that the contents of procyanidin and propelargonidin dimers were significantly different (p < 0.05) in function of the plant part, and leaves extracts showed higher contents. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhidrazyl (DPPH) values indicated higher antioxidant capacity for the leaves (p < 0.05). Further, correlation between both methods and procyanidin dimers was found, particularly between ORAC and propelargonidin dimers. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis results clearly indicated that the leaves are the richest plant part in proanthocyanidins and a very homogenous material, regardless of their origin. Therefore, our findings revealed that both ethanol and water extraction processes are adequate for the elaboration of potential commercial extracts from U. tomentosa leaves rich in proanthocyanidins and exhibiting high antioxidant activity.
Covert Cyber Assault Detection in Smart Grid Networks Utilizing Feature Selection and Euclidean Distance-Based Machine Learning
Authors: Ahmed Saeed , Lee YoungDoo , Hyun Seung-Ho , Koo Insoo
Published: May 2018

Communications technologies are an integral part of efficient monitoring and reliable control in smart grids, but enhanced reliance on these technologies heightens the risk of cyber assaults. Recently, a new type of stealth, or covert, assault in smart grid networks has been discovered, which cannot be ascertained by legacy bad-data detectors using state estimation. Due to the delay-sensitive nature of smart grid networks, swift detection of abnormal changes is immensely desired. In this paper, we propose two Euclidean distance-based anomaly detection schemes for covert cyber-assault detection in smart grid communications networks. The first scheme utilizes unsupervised-learning over unlabeled data to detect outliers or deviations in the measurements. The second scheme employs supervised-learning over labeled data to detect the deviations in the measurements. Unlike the classic detection test, the proposed schemes tackle an unknown sample with low computational complexity, leading to a shorter decision time. To improve detection accuracy and further reduce the computational complexity and the associated time delay, we employ a genetic algorithm-based feature selection method to choose the distinguishing optimal feature data subset as input to both of the proposed schemes. The evaluation is carried out through the standard IEEE 14-bus, 39-bus, 57-bus and 118-bus test systems. Simulation results show that compared to the existing feature extraction-based detection schemes, the proposed schemes show significant improvement in covert cyber deception assault-detection accuracy.
Initiation and Propagation of Top-Down Cracking in Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Sun Lijun , Wang Gang , Zhang Hongchao , Liu Liping
Published: May 2018

Top-down cracking (TDC) alongside the wheel path is one of the commonly seen distress types on asphalt pavements, especially on heavy-duty asphalt pavements. It has been believed that TDC is caused by either tension stress or shear stress in the top asphalt layer(s). In this paper, new initiation and propagation mechanisms of TDC are proposed and validated through both accelerated pavement testing in the field and uniaxial repeated loading penetration tests in the laboratory at different temperatures. The test results clearly show that the uniaxial repeated loading penetration test can simulate both initiation and propagation processes of TDC very closely. Based on these test results, the mechanisms for crack initiation and propagation are further investigated with the finite element (FE) program. The FE analysis results show that under repeated loading, shear damage will occur first in the asphalt layer, then extend horizontally and consequently result in a shear-damaged layer. The damaged layer then led to higher tensile strain in the upper mixture which caused tension cracks and finally propagated upwards to the pavement surface. The whole process of TDC initiation and propagation can be described as “shear damage, then tension propagation”, which is the new mechanism proposed in this paper.
Simulation and Analysis of the Initiation of a Squall Line within a Meiyu Frontal System in East China
Authors: Luo Xia , Xue Ming , Fei Jianfang
Published: May 2018

Based on the ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) at 2 km grid spacing, the convective initiation (CI) of cells that evolved into a squall line on the southern flank of a Meiyu front in East China is investigated. The initiations of four convective cells, denoted CI-A through CI-D, are reasonably captured in the simulation. For CI-A and CI-B, locally enhanced convergence bands associated with boundary layer horizontal convective rolls (HCRs) play a crucial role in determining the exact locations of CIs, whereas a cold outflow boundary from earlier frontal precipitation contributes to additional convergence forcing. For CI-C, initiation occurs directly over the gust front, with the frontal convergence providing the main forcing. CI-D occurs south of and sufficiently far from the gust front, and is mainly forced by the HCR circulations. With surface heat flux turned off in the model, CI is much delayed. Therefore, surface heating increases the convective instability of air south of the front and causes the development of HCRs; it also enhances the gust front convergence by mixing higher southwesterly momentum toward the surface. When the condensation process is turned off, HCRs and/or gust frontal forcing are still able to lift the low-level air to super-saturation where CI is expected.
Evaluating Uncertainties in Marine Biogeochemical Models: Benchmarking Aerosol Precursors
Authors: Ogunro Oluwaseun O. , Elliott Scott M. , Wingenter Oliver W. , Deal Clara , Fu Weiwei , Collier Nathan , Hoffman Forrest M.
Published: May 2018

The effort to accurately estimate global radiative forcing has long been hampered by a degree of uncertainty in the tropospheric aerosol contribution. Reducing uncertainty in natural aerosol processes, the baseline of the aerosol budget, thus becomes a fundamental task. The appropriate representation of aerosols in the marine boundary layer (MBL) is essential to reduce uncertainty and provide reliable information on offsets to global warming. We developed an International Ocean Model Benchmarking package to assess marine biogeochemical process representations in Earth System Models (ESMs), and the package was employed to evaluate surface ocean concentrations and the sea–air fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS). Model performances were scored based on how well they captured the distribution and variability contained in high-quality observational datasets. Results show that model-data biases increased as DMS enters the MBL, but unfortunately over three-quarters of the models participating in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) did not have a dynamic representation of DMS. When it is present, models tend to over-predict sea surface concentrations in the productive region of the eastern tropical Pacific by almost a factor of two, and the sea–air fluxes by a factor of three. Systematic model-data benchmarking as described here will help to identify such deficiencies and subsequently lead to improved subgrid-scale parameterizations and ESM development.
Microclimate Metrics Linked to the Use and Perception of Public Spaces: The Case of Chillán City, Chile
Authors: Smith Pamela , Henríquez Cristián
Published: May 2018

This paper presents research carried out in the city of Chillán, a medium size city located on the southern limit of the Chilean Mediterranean domain, at 36°36′s south latitude. Chillán provides a good representative example of warm summers in central and southern Chilean cities. Five public spaces were selected, representing different typologies and relating to different urban background conditions. Users in these public spaces were observed, counted and photographed five times a day (12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 h, local time) during a heat wave event in the summer of 2016, while meteorological parameters were measured at different points within the public space. The variables evaluated were impervious surfaces, sky view factor, H/W, azimuth, shadow, and radiation. Local public environmental management should pay attention to the complex relations between urban climate, public spaces and thermal comfort since they affect the quality of life of the most vulnerable sectors of the population. This is particularly important given the increasing episodes of elevated temperatures and intense heat waves which have occurred in the city of Chillán in recent summers, which are related to urban heat islands and climate change.