bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic-degrading resistance changes bacterial community structure via species-specific responses
Authors: Pathak Ayush , Angst Daniel C , León-Sampedro Ricardo , Hall Alex R
Published: June 2023

Some bacterial resistance mechanisms degrade antibiotics, potentially protecting neighbouring susceptible cells from antibiotic exposure. We do not yet understand how such effects influence bacterial communities of more than two species, which are typical in nature. Here, we used experimental multispecies communities to test the effects of clinically important pOXA-48-plasmid-encoded resistance on community-level responses to antibiotics. We found that resistance in one community member reduced antibiotic inhibition of other species, but some benefitted more than others. Further experiments with supernatants and pure-culture growth assays showed the susceptible species profiting most from detoxification were those that grew best at degraded antibiotic concentrations (greater than zero, but lower than the starting concentration). This pattern was also observed on agar surfaces, and the same species also showed relatively high survival compared to most other species during the initial high-antibiotic phase. By contrast, we found no evidence of a role for higher-order interactions or horizontal plasmid transfer in community-level responses to detoxification in our experimental communities. Our findings suggest carriage of an antibiotic-degrading resistance mechanism by one species can drastically alter community-level responses to antibiotics, and the identities of the species that profit most from antibiotic detoxification are predicted by their intrinsic ability to survive and grow at changing antibiotic concentrations.
Arginine regulates HSPA5/BiP translation through ribosome pausing in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Vidal Christina M. , Ouyang Ching , Qi Yue , Mendez-Dorantes Carlos , Coblentz Alaysia , Alva-Ornelas Jackelyn A. , Stark Jeremy M. , Seewaldt Victoria L. , Ann David K.
Published: June 2023

Background

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high mortality rate due to a lack of therapeutic targets. Many TNBC cells are reliant on extracellular arginine for survival and express high levels of binding immunoglobin protein (BiP), a marker of metastasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response.

Methods

In this study, the effect of arginine shortage on BiP expression in the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was evaluated. Two stable cell lines were generated in MDA-MB-231 cells: the first expressed wild-type BiP, and the second expressed a mutated BiP free of the two arginine pause-site codons, CCU and CGU, termed G-BiP.

Results

The results showed that arginine shortage induced a non-canonical ER stress response by inhibiting BiP translation via ribosome pausing. Overexpression of G-BiP in MDA-MB-231 cells promoted cell resistance to arginine shortage compared to cells overexpressing wild-type BiP. Additionally, limiting arginine led to decreased levels of the spliced XBP1 in the G-BiP overexpressing cells, potentially contributing to their improved survival compared to the parental WT BiP overexpressing cells.

Conclusion

In conclusion, these findings suggest that the downregulation of BiP disrupts proteostasis during arginine shortage-induced non-canonical ER stress and plays a key role in cell growth inhibition, indicating BiP as a target of codon-specific ribosome pausing upon arginine shortage.
Topology-enhanced mechanical stability of swelling nanoporous electrodes
Authors: Grossman-Ponemon Benjamin E. , Mesgarnejad Ataollah , Karma Alain
Published: June 2023

Materials like silicon and germanium offer a 10-fold improvement in charge capacity over conventional graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries but experience a roughly threefold volume increase during lithiation, which challenges ensuring battery integrity. Nanoporous silicon, created by liquid-metal-dealloying, is a potentially attractive anode design to mitigate this challenge, exhibiting both higher capacity and extended cycle lifetimes. However, how nanoporous structures accommodate the large volume change is unknown. Here, we address this question by using phase-field modeling to produce nanoporous particles and to investigate their elastoplastic swelling behavior and fracture. Our simulations show that enhanced mechanical stability results from the network topology consisting of ligaments connected by bulbous, sphere-like nodes. The ligaments forcefully resist elongation while the nodes, behaving like isolated spherical particles, experience large stresses driving fracture. However, being smaller compared to a sphere of the same volume as the entire nanoporous particle, the nodes are more protected against fracture.
Accurate rare variant phasing of whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data in the UK Biobank
Authors: Hofmeister Robin J. , Ribeiro Diogo M. , Rubinacci Simone , Delaneau Olivier
Published: June 2023

Phasing involves distinguishing the two parentally inherited copies of each chromosome into haplotypes. Here, we introduce SHAPEIT5, a new phasing method that quickly and accurately processes large sequencing datasets and applied it to UK Biobank (UKB) whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data. We demonstrate that SHAPEIT5 phases rare variants with low switch error rates of below 5% for variants present in just 1 sample out of 100,000. Furthermore, we outline a method for phasing singletons, which, although less precise, constitutes an important step towards future developments. We then demonstrate that the use of UKB as a reference panel improves the accuracy of genotype imputation, which is even more pronounced when phased with SHAPEIT5 compared with other methods. Finally, we screen the UKB data for loss-of-function compound heterozygous events and identify 549 genes where both gene copies are knocked out. These genes complement current knowledge of gene essentiality in the human genome.
Imputation of low-coverage sequencing data from 150,119 UK Biobank genomes
Authors: Rubinacci Simone , Hofmeister Robin J. , Sousa da Mota Bárbara , Delaneau Olivier
Published: June 2023

The release of 150,119 UK Biobank sequences represents an unprecedented opportunity as a reference panel to impute low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data with high accuracy but current methods cannot cope with the size of the data. Here we introduce GLIMPSE2, a low-coverage whole-genome sequencing imputation method that scales sublinearly in both the number of samples and markers, achieving efficient whole-genome imputation from the UK Biobank reference panel while retaining high accuracy for ancient and modern genomes, particularly at rare variants and for very low-coverage samples.
Myelin insulation as a risk factor for axonal degeneration in autoimmune demyelinating disease
Authors: Schäffner Erik , Bosch-Queralt Mar , Edgar Julia M. , Lehning Maria , Strauß Judith , Fleischer Niko , Kungl Theresa , Wieghofer Peter , Berghoff Stefan A. , Reinert Tilo , Krueger Martin , Morawski Markus , Möbius Wiebke , Barrantes-Freer Alonso , Stieler Jens , Sun Ting , Saher Gesine , Schwab Markus H. , Wrede Christoph , Frosch Maximilian , Prinz Marco , Reich Daniel S. , Flügel Alexander , Stadelmann Christine , Fledrich Robert , Nave Klaus-Armin , Stassart Ruth M.
Published: June 2023

Axonal degeneration determines the clinical outcome of multiple sclerosis and is thought to result from exposure of denuded axons to immune-mediated damage. Therefore, myelin is widely considered to be a protective structure for axons in multiple sclerosis. Myelinated axons also depend on oligodendrocytes, which provide metabolic and structural support to the axonal compartment. Given that axonal pathology in multiple sclerosis is already visible at early disease stages, before overt demyelination, we reasoned that autoimmune inflammation may disrupt oligodendroglial support mechanisms and hence primarily affect axons insulated by myelin. Here, we studied axonal pathology as a function of myelination in human multiple sclerosis and mouse models of autoimmune encephalomyelitis with genetically altered myelination. We demonstrate that myelin ensheathment itself becomes detrimental for axonal survival and increases the risk of axons degenerating in an autoimmune environment. This challenges the view of myelin as a solely protective structure and suggests that axonal dependence on oligodendroglial support can become fatal when myelin is under inflammatory attack.
Biliatresone induces cholangiopathy in C57BL/6J neonates
Authors: Schmidt Hans Christian , Hagens Johanna , Schuppert Pauline , Appl Birgit , Raluy Laia Pagerols , Trochimiuk Magdalena , Philippi Clara , Li Zhongwen , Reinshagen Konrad , Tomuschat Christian
Published: June 2023

Exposure to plant toxins or microbiota that are able to digest common food ingredients to toxic structures might be responsible for biliary atresia (BA). An isoflavonoid, biliatresone is known to effectively alter the extrahepatic bile duct (EHBD) development in BALB/c mice. Biliatresone causes a reduction of Glutathione (GSH) levels, SOX17 downregulation and is effectively countered with N-Acetyl-L-cysteine treatment in vitro. Therefore, reversing GSH-loss appears to be a promising treatment target for a translational approach. Since BALB/c mice have been described as sensitive in various models, we evaluated the toxic effect of biliatresone in robust C57BL/6J mice and confirmed its toxicity. Comparison between BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice revealed similarity in the toxic model. Affected neonates exhibited clinical symptoms of BA, such as jaundice, ascites, clay-colored stools, yellow urine and impaired weight gain. The gallbladders of jaundiced neonates were hydropic and EHBD were twisted and enlarged. Serum and histological analysis proved cholestasis. No anomalies were seen in the liver and EHBD of control animals. With our study we join a chain of evidence confirming that biliatresone is an effective agent for cross-lineage targeted alteration of the EHBD system.
Quantum Otto heat engine with Pöschl–Teller potential in contact with coherent thermal bath
Authors: Abasabadi Sajjad Hashemi , Mirafzali Sayyed Yahya , Baghshahi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2023

Work and efficiency of quantum Otto heat engines (QOHEs) can increase by using non-thermal baths or by inhomogeneous scaling of energy levels of the working substance. Given these points, at first, we construct the coherent thermal state for a trigonometric Pöschl–Teller (PT) potential. Then using a particle in this potential, which has unequally spaced energy levels, as a working substance, we investigate the work extraction and the efficiency of QOHEs that operates between cold and hot coherent thermal baths. The results show that changing the PT potential parameters in the adiabatic processes of QOHE, which causes an inhomogeneous shift in energy levels or/and make use of the hot coherent thermal bath, improve work extraction and efficiency of QOHE relative to the classical counterpart.
Skin cancer risk of menopausal hormone therapy in a Korean cohort
Authors: Yuk Jin-Sung , Lee Soo-Kyung , Uh Ji An , Seo Yong-Soo , Kim Myounghwan , Kim Myoung Shin
Published: June 2023

Conflicting studies exist on the association between menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and skin cancers, such as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the risk of skin cancer from MHT using data from 2002 to 2019 from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. We included 192,202 patients with MHT and 494,343 healthy controls. Women > 40 years who had menopause between 2002 and 2011 were included. Patients with MHT had at least one MHT for at least 6 months and healthy controls had never been prescribed MHT agents. We measured the incidence of melanoma and NMSC. Melanoma developed in 70 (0.03%) patients with MHT and 249 (0.05%) controls, while the incidence of NMSC was 417 (0.22%) in the MHT group and 1680 (0.34%) in the controls. Tibolone (hazard ratio [HR] 0.812, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.694–0.949) and combined oestrogen plus progestin by the manufacturer (COPM; HR 0.777, 95% CI 0.63–0.962) lowered the risk of NMSC, while other hormone groups did not change the risk. Overall, MHT was not associated with melanoma incidence in menopausal Korean women. Instead, tibolone and COPM were associated with a decrease in NMSC occurrence.
Mass spectrometry-based techniques for single-cell analysis
Authors: Xu Xiangyi , Jiang Xuanxi , Shi Meiyun , Yin Lei
Published: June 2023

The cell is the most basic structural unit and plays a vital role in the function of an organism.
On-chip-angiogenesis based on a high-throughput biomimetic three-dimensional cell spheroid culture system
Authors: Wang Yachao , Zeng Xuemei , Chen Peng , Du Wei , Pei Yumei , Wang Guoping , Liu Bi-Feng
Published: June 2023

Angiogenesis is one of the most essential developmental processes and plays a key role in organogenesis and tumorigenesis in which epithelial cells proliferate and migrate, thus resulting in sprouting and extension of the existing vasculature.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of benzosilacyclobutenesviaposition-selective C(sp3)–H arylation
Authors: Hamada Naoya , Hayashi Daigo , Shintani Ryo
Published: June 2023

Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of benzosilacyclobutenes substituted at the carbon on the 4-membered ring was developedviaposition-selective C(sp3)–H bond activation.
Learning from nature: recovery of rare earth elements by the extremophilic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum
Authors: Singer Helena , Steudtner Robin , Sottorff Ignacio , Drobot Björn , Pol Arjan , Op den Camp Huub J. M. , Daumann Lena J.
Published: June 2023

We present the extremophilic bacterium Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV as a platform for the selective recovery of rare earth elements (REE).
Tetrathiafulvalene-2,3,6,7-tetrathiolate linker redox-state elucidation via S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Jiang Ningxin , Boyn Jan-Niklas , Ramanathan Arun , La Pierre Henry S. , Anderson John S.
Published: June 2023

S K-edge XAS data reveal decreasing covalency upon oxidation and a distinct signature for doubly oxidized TTF cores in NiTTFtt based complexes and materials.
Black-phosphorus crystal growth model deduced from the product distribution state under different process factors
Authors: Liu Wanying , Zhu Yabo , Chen Sheng , Ban Xiaokuan , Gu Xu , Hu Feng , Wang Lingchang , Du Wenyuan
Published: June 2023

The black-phosphorus crystal growth model was deduced through an optimization process.
DFT investigation of the dissolution trends of NiTi alloys with the B2 and B19′ phases during the initial oxidation stage
Authors: Wang Xiaoting , Xie Dong , Wei Longjun , You Duo , Hou Mingxi , Leng Yongxiang
Published: June 2023

DFT calculations of the selective corrosion of NiTi alloy indicate that oxidation promotes and impedes the dissolution of Ni and Ti, respectively, and the corrosion resistance of NiTi-B2 phase should be better than that of NiTi-B19′ phase.
The role of organic cations as additives in photovoltaic perovskites
Authors: Cadillo-Martínez Alejandra T. , Vargas-Calderon Alejandra , Espinosa-Roa Arián , Garay-Tapia Andrés M.
Published: June 2023

The design of additives for perovskite-based solar cells seeks to improve the balance between stability and power conversion efficiency.
Structure and properties of naphthalene-diimide N-functionalized with stilbene
Authors: Sosorev Andrey Yu. , Ponomarev Igor I. , Dominskiy Dmitry I. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. , Parashchuk Olga D. , Trukhanov Vasily A. , Konstantinov Vladislav G. , Dubinets Nikita O. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu.
Published: June 2023

Novel donor-acceptor compound NDI-Stb bearing an NDI core and two stilbene moieties was synthesized. A combined experimental and theoretical approach was applied to study the structure and properties of NDI-Stb molecules and crystals.
Origin of structural and dynamic heterogeneity in thymol and coumarin-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as revealed by molecular dynamics
Authors: Malik Akshay , Kashyap Hemant K.
Published: June 2023

Structural and dynamic heterogeneity in thymol–coumarin-based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents.
Unique modulation effects on the performance of graphene-based ammonia sensors via ultrathin bimetallic Au/Pt layers and gate voltages
Authors: Zhao Min , Tian Yi , Yan Lanqin , Liu Rujun , Chen Peipei , Wang Hanfu , Chu Weiguo
Published: June 2023

Decorating a graphene surface with an ultrathin hybrid layer including Au and Pt, forming a bimetallic synergistic catalyst enhanced FET NH3 sensor, resulted in unique modulation effects of back-gate voltages on the performance.
Theoretical investigation of the magnetic and optical properties in a transition metal-doped GaTeCl monolayer
Authors: Zhou Pengxia , Pan Ziheng , Gao Qian , Zou Qian , Sun Jieru , Li Yinxin , Qian You , Li Shang , Zhong Chonggui , Qu Lihua , Dong Zhengchao
Published: June 2023

There exists red-shifted absorption in M@GaTeCl relative to GaTeCl monolayer, which enhanced the visible light absorption.
Polypyridyl Ru(ii) or cyclometalated Ir(iii) functionalized architectures for photocatalysis
Authors: Li Yan-Lin , Li Ai-Juan , Huang Sheng-Li , Vittal Jagadese J. , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: June 2023

The strategies of integrating the well-known photocatalysts Ru(N^N)3and Ir(C^N)2(X^N) derivatives into the cavities of well-defined architectures and their photocatalytic properties are presented in this review.
Spotlight collection on photoinduced redox chemistry
Authors: Elliott Paul I. P. , Heinze Katja , Teets Thomas S.
Published: June 2023

Guest Editors Paul I. Elliott, Katja Heinze and Thomas Teets introduce the spotlight collection, “Photoinduced redox chemistry”.
A phosphine free, inorganic base free, one-pot tandem Mizoroki–Heck olefination/direct arylation/hydrogenation sequence, to give multicyclic alkylated heteroarenes
Authors: Kehoe Roberta A. , Light Mark E. , Jones David J. , McGlacken Gerard P.
Published: June 2023

One-pot processes which facilitate a number of tandem reactions, represent an environmentally friendly approach to building molecular complexity.
Phosphorus sustainability: a case for phytic acid as a biorenewable platform
Authors: Davison Emma K. , Neville Jessica C. , Sperry Jonathan
Published: June 2023

Phytic acid is a source of biogenic phosphorus that could serve as a key platform chemical in future biorefineries, helping to close the loop on the phosphorus cycle.
Limitations in using the Cu isotopic composition of minerals from ancient copper mines for archaeometric purposes – a case study
Authors: Penanes Pelayo Alvarez , Costas-Rodríguez Marta , Moldovan Mariella , García Alonso Jose Ignacio , Vanhaecke Frank
Published: June 2023

High-precision Cu isotopic analysis in archaeometry suffers from large δ65Cu variability between ore samples from the same location.
Methane capture with α-cyclodextrins
Authors: Jessen Cecilie Høgfeldt , Bendix Jesper , Nannestad Theis Brock , Bordallo Heloisa N. , Pedersen Martin Jæger , Pedersen Christian Marcus , Bols Mikael
Published: June 2023

α-cyclodextrin forms a crystalline 1 : 1 complex with methane that release the gas upon addition of water.
A 2D Cu(ii) coordination polymer constructed with 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid linker: synthesis, structural analysis and its selective transformation into Cu and CuO nanoparticles
Authors: Karmakar Gourab , Tyagi Adish , Wadawale A. P. , Chauhan Rohit Singh , Vats Bal Govind
Published: June 2023

A 2D coordination polymer of Cu(ii) with 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid linker was synthesized and utilized as a molecular precursor for the selective synthesis of Cu nanoflowers and CuO porous nanostructures.
Investigation on the luminescence properties and mechanism of a novel Pr3+-based red persistent luminescence phosphor Cd3Ga2Ge3O12:Pr3+
Authors: Ming Xinxing , Meng Zikai , Cao Jiajia , Zhenbin Wang , Zhang Mingjin
Published: June 2023

In this work, an red-emitting persistent phosphor Cd3Ga2Ge3O12:Pr3+ was designed and successfully developed. This material presents superior luminescent properties, which could be a promising choice for AC-LEDs, bio-imaging and other fields.
Preference of halogen bonds over hydrogen bonds within a discrete three-component co-crystal that undergo a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Powell Conrad J. , Bosch Eric , Krueger Herman R. , Groeneman Ryan H.
Published: June 2023

The formation of a series of isostructural three-component co-crystals between 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-iodobenzene and each of three isosteric bipyridines is reported.
Phonon polaritons in van der Waals polar heterostructures for broadband strong light–matter interactions
Authors: Qin Tianwei , Ma Weiliang , Wang Tao , Li Peining
Published: June 2023

We propose and experimentally demonstrate that polar van der Waals heterostructures created by simply stacking Lego-like thin layers, can integrate their polar constituents to enable broadband phonon polariton responses.
Improved startup control of aero doubly salient electromagnetic starter generator based on optimised currents distribution with advanced angle commutation
Authors: Zhou Xingwei , Liu Peixin , Niu Shuangxia , Zhao Xing , Zhang Li
Published: June 2023

Doubly salient electromagnetic machine (DSEM) can constitute a competitive rugged starter generator (SG) system. But under the traditional startup control method, the field current is set to the rated value regardless of speed or load torque conditions, and the phase currents are controlled with standard angle commutation, bringing in large power loss as well as non‐negligible torque ripple. To overcome these shortcomings, based on the established DSEM power loss calculation model, a currents distribution strategy is proposed according to the obtained quantitative relationship between DSEM power loss and field current under multiple speed and load torque conditions. Then, to identify the load torque for practical implementation, a novel torque observer is designed based on back propagation (BP) neural network algorithm. Afterwards, to further improve the startup torque performance, currents distribution with advanced angle commutation (AAC) strategy is put forward, where the optimal advanced angle is selected from a 3‐D lookup table to achieve the minimal commutation torque ripple. Under the proposed control strategies, DSEM power loss as well as the output torque ripple are desired to be decreased, the simulation and experimental results on a 12/8‐pole DSEM prototype verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed strategies under multiple operating conditions.
Transient thermal models of induction machines under Inter‐turn short‐circuit fault conditions
Authors: Zhao An , Zanuso Giovanni , Peretti Luca
Published: June 2023

Induction machines are the working horses in a lot of industries. Inter‐turn short‐circuit (ITSC) fault is one of the most common failure modes taking place in them. It can generate large fault currents that lead to a local temperature rise in the faulty stator slot, which deteriorates the working performance of the machine or even cascades to a complete machine breakdown. This article focuses on developing transient thermal models for an induction machine under ITSC faults. The aim of these thermal models is to understand the thermal behaviour of the induction machine at different ITSC fault propagation stages. The first thermal model is based on finite element method (FEM) simulation that includes a physics‐based model for the thermal contact resistance. The second thermal model is a lumped parameter thermal network that models the stator as inter‐connected slot‐number parts. They are both capable of modelling the characteristic of non‐uniform temperature along the circumferential direction for the induction machine operating under ITSC fault conditions. After area‐weighted averaging the results of the FEM simulation, it is found they are quantitatively consistent, with an average relative error magnitude of 5%, as well.
Deep learning for cybersecurity in smart grids: Review and perspectives
Authors: Ruan Jiaqi , Liang Gaoqi , Zhao Junhua , Zhao Huan , Qiu Jing , Wen Fushuan , Dong Zhao Yang
Published: June 2023

Protecting cybersecurity is a non‐negotiable task for smart grids (SG) and has garnered significant attention in recent years. The application of artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning (DL), holds great promise for enhancing the cybersecurity of SG. Nevertheless, previous surveys and review articles have failed to comprehensively investigate the intersection between DL and SG cybersecurity. To address this gap, this study presents a survey of the latest advancements in DL technology and their relevance to SG cybersecurity. First, the functional mechanisms and scope of application of common DL techniques are explored. Subsequently, SG cyberthreats are categorised into distinct types of cyberattacks that have not been systematically examined in previous surveys. Based on this, a thorough review of the application of DL techniques in addressing each cyberthreat along with recommendations and a generalised framework for enhancing cyberattack detection using DL is offered. Finally, insights are provided into the emerging challenges presented by DL applications in SG cybersecurity that are yet to be widely acknowledged, and potential research avenues are proposed to address or alleviate these challenges.
WD‐UNeXt: Weight loss function and dropout U‐Net with ConvNeXt for automatic segmentation of few shot brain gliomas
Authors: Yin Ziming , Gao Hongyu , Gong Jinchang , Wang Yuanjun
Published: June 2023

Accurate segmentation of brain gliomas (BG) is a crucial and challenging task for effective treatment planning in BG therapy. This study presents the weight loss function and dropout U‐Net with ConvNeXt block (WD‐UNeXt), which precisely segments BG from few shot MRI. The ConvNeXt block, which comprises the main body of the network, is a structure that can extract more detailed features from images. The weight loss function addresses the issue of category imbalance, thereby enhancing the network's ability to achieve more precise segmentation. The training set of BraTS2019 was used to train the network and apply it to test data. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spec) and Hausdorff distance (HD) were used to assess the performance of the method. The experimental results demonstrate that the DSC of whole tumour, tumour core and enhancing tumour reached 0.934, 0.911 and 0.851, respectively. Sen of the sub‐regions achieved 0.922, 0.911 and 0.867. Spec and HD reached 1.000, 1.000, 1.000 and 3.224, 2.990, 2.844, respectively. Compared with the performance of state‐of‐the‐art methods, the DSC and HD of WD‐UNeXt were improved to varying degrees. Therefore, this method has considerable potential for the segmentation of BG.
Mangelernährung, ernährungsmedizinische Strukturen
und Prozesse in deutschen Krankenhäusern am nutritionDay – ein
interdisziplinärer Vergleich
Authors: Böhne Sarah Elisabeth Jasmin , Hiesmayr Michael , Worf Isabella , Tarantino Silvia , Volkert Dorothee
Published: June 2023

Einleitung Medizinische Fachdisziplinen sind in unterschiedlichem
Ausmaß von Mangelernährung betroffen. Das nutritionDay-Projekt
ermöglicht einen interdisziplinären Vergleich hinsichtlich der
Prävalenz von Mangelernährung, sowie eine Übersicht
über den Status quo einzelner ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen
und Prozesse in deutschen Krankenhäusern.

Methoden In diese Auswertung wurden 1865 Patient:innen von 127
Klinikstationen einbezogen, die zwischen 2016 und August 2020 am nutritionDay in
Deutschland teilnahmen. Der Ernährungsstatus (BMI, Gewichtsverlust,
Einstufung durch das Stationspersonal), ernährungsmedizinische
Strukturen und Prozesse werden deskriptiv vergleichend für 7
Fachdisziplingruppen dargestellt.

Ergebnisse 5,5% bzw. 16,7% der teilnehmenden Patient:innen
waren untergewichtig (nach WHO- bzw. ESPEN-Definition). Am häufigsten
war Untergewicht in der Geriatrie (7,6% bzw. 24,0%) und am
seltensten in der Neurologie (3,3% bzw. 12,0%). Unbeabsichtigter
Gewichtsverlust betraf 40,1% in der Onkologie, jedoch nur 19,4%
in der Neurologie. Nach Pflegeeinschätzung waren vor allem geriatrische
Patient:innen mangelernährt (26,3%). 63,8% aller
Stationen gaben an, eine übergeordnete Strategie für die
Ernährungsversorgung zu haben (Spanne der Disziplinen
26,7–89,5%), 47,2% (35,3–61,9%) hatten
eine Ansprechperson für klinische Ernährungsfragen.
88,3% (66,7–100%) führen ein
Mangelernährungsscreening durch und 57,5%
(44,4–84,2%) gaben routinemäßiges Wiegen bei
Aufnahme an.

Diskussion Mangelernährung ist bei Krankenhauspatient:innen in
Deutschland je nach Kriterium unterschiedlich häufig mit einer
interdisziplinären Varianz. Die Existenz und Umsetzung
ernährungsmedizinischer Strukturen und Prozesse variiert ebenfalls und
ist insgesamt verbesserungswürdig. Als politische Entscheidungsgrundlage
werden dringend flächendeckende Daten aus deutschen
Krankenhäusern benötigt.
Sport und Omega-3-Fettsäuren
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: June 2023

Omega-3-Fettsäuren können verschiedene Erkrankungen positiv
beeinflussen. Dass sie auch Sportler unterstützen können, zeigt
dieser Beitrag durch eine Studienübersicht und zwei Fälle aus
der Praxis.
Análise biomecânica da marcha de pacientes com osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur
Authors: Schleder Julia Silva e Lima , Ramello Danielly Caroline de Souza , Caron Mauro Duarte , Cliquet Junior Alberto
Published: June 2023

Objetivos Embora a osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur seja uma lesão prevalente, seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros da marcha não foram minuciosamente estudados e não estão bem estabelecidos na literatura atual. O objetivo principal do presente estudo é descrever a marcha em pacientes com osteonecrose.

Métodos Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Nove pacientes com diagnóstico de osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur, sob acompanhamento regular em ambulatório, foram selecionados para o presente estudo e submetidos à análise da marcha com Vicon Motion Capture Systems. Os dados espaciais e temporais foram obtidos e os ângulos articulares foram calculados com o sistema de coordenadas angulares de Euler. Sistemas de coordenadas distais e plataformas de força foram utilizados para o cálculo de momentos articulares e de forças de reação ao solo, respectivamente.

Resultados Os pacientes com osteonecrose apresentaram menor velocidade (0,54 m/s ± 0,19) e menor cadência (83,01 passos/minuto ± 13,23) do que pacientes saudáveis. As amplitudes de movimento de obliquidade e rotação pélvica foram de 10,12° ± 3,03 e 18,23° ± 9,17, respectivamente. A média de flexão do quadril foi de 9,48° ± 3,40. O estudo das forças de reação ao solo revelou redução das forças de frenagem e propulsão. Os momentos articulares de flexão e adução caíram (0,42 Nm/kg ± 0,2 e 0,30 Nm/kg ± 0,11), mas o momento de abdução aumentou (0,42 Nm/kg ± 0,18).

Conclusões O presente estudo mostrou que a osteonecrose da cabeça do fêmur é associada a mecanismos compensatórios da marcha, com aumento da movimentação pélvica e diminuição da flexão do joelho para proteção da articulação do quadril. A redução dos momentos de flexão e adução do quadril também foi identificada e a fraqueza destes grupos musculares pode estar correlacionada à doença.
Uso de smartphones como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades no punho e nos dedos
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Mariza dos Santos , Carmo Vinícius José Guimarães do , Araújo Letycia Monteiro Cavalcanti , Pereira Taciane Machado de Melo
Published: June 2023

Objetivo Investigar o uso de smartphones em longo prazo como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades no nível do punho e dos dedos.

Métodos Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, para a obtenção de medidas de prevalência com cem acadêmicos usuários de smartphones de uma faculdade privada localizada no sertão de Pernambuco. Foram aplicados um questionário semiestruturado e o Questionário de Síndrome do Túnel do Carpo de Boston (Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire, BCTQ, na sigla em inglês), além da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) e dos testes de Finkesltein, Phalen, Phalen reverso, e sinal de Tinel no punho.

Resultados A idade média da amostra foi de 22,73 anos, com prevalência de solteiros, de destros, e do sexo feminino. O tempo de uso do smartphone indicado pela maioria dos participantes era entre 5 e 10 anos, e 85% da amostra relatou já ter sentido desconforto no punho e nos dedos durante o uso do aparelho, sendo a dormência o sintoma mais prevalente. Com relação aos testes clínicos, houve prevalência de resultados negativos, e o de Finklestein apresentou maior positividade. Quanto ao BCTQ, dividido em duas escalas, uma de gravidade dos sintomas (escala G) e uma de estado funcional (escala F), a média geral das pontuações foi de 1,61 na escala G, o que indica sintomas de leve a moderados, já a escala F revelou que os sintomas não afetavam a funcionalidade.

Conclusão Foi possível observar uma correlação significativa entre o tempo de uso dos smartphones e a presença de desconforto no punho e nos dedos, o que indica que se trata de um fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de morbidades.
Liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar no cotovelo: Descrição da técnica e série de casos
Authors: Oliveira Ricardo Kaempf de , Brunelli João Pedro Farina , Araújo Matheus Baldasso , Aita Márcio , Carratalá Vicente , Delgado Pedro J.
Published: June 2023

Objetivo A liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar permite reproduzir uma liberação simples (in situ), mas através de incisões menores e com menor lesão de partes moles e uma maior preservação da vascularização do nervo. A visualização clara através da endoscopia permite observar todo o trajeto do nervo e das estruturas nobres circundantes, mostrando os sinais de compressão, possibilitando realizar a liberação de forma segura em um trajeto de 10 cm nos sentidos distal e proximal ao epicôndilo medial.

Método Foram encontrados, de forma retrospectiva, no período entre janeiro de 2016 e janeiro de 2020, 15 pacientes (sendo 1 com lesão bilateral) submetidos a liberação da compressão do nervo ulnar no cotovelo pela técnica endoscópica com equipamento de Agee (Micro-Aire Sugical Instruments, Charlottesville, VA, EUA).

Resultados Todos os pacientes tiveram melhora dos sintomas de compressão do nervo ulnar e o período de retorno ao trabalho foi de em média 26,5 dias. Não houve recidivas e não houve a necessidade de outro procedimento. Também não houve complicações graves decorrentes do procedimento, como infecção, lesão nervosa ou vascular. Em um paciente, houve parestesia transitória dos ramos sensitivos para o antebraço, com retorno completo da função em 8 semanas.

Conclusão Os resultados mostram que a liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar no cotovelo com o equipamento de Agee é uma técnica segura, confiável e com bons resultados.
Perfil microbiológico das infecções periprotéticas do joelho em um hospital do Sistema Único de Saúde especializado em cirurgias ortopédicas de alta complexidade
Authors: Mozella Alan de Paula , Assunção Thales Nunes de , Cobra Hugo Alexandre de Araújo Barros , Minamoto Sandra Tie Nishibe , Salim Rodrigo , Leal Ana Carolina
Published: June 2023

Objetivo Identificar o perfil microbiológico das infecções periprotéticas do joelho tratadas em um hospital terciário brasileiro.

Métodos Todos os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de revisão de artroplastia total do joelho (RATJ), no período compreendido entre novembro de 2019 e dezembro de 2021, e que tiveram o diagnóstico de infecção periprotética confirmado de acordo com critérios do International Consensus Meeting (ICM) 2018, foram incluídos no estudo.

Resultados Sessenta e dois pacientes foram diagnosticados com infecção periprotética (IAP) pelos critérios do International Consensus
Meeting 2018. Culturas monomicrobianas foram identificadas em 79% e polimicrobianas em 21% dos casos. A bactéria mais frequentemente identificada nas culturas microbiológicas de tecidos e líquido sinovial foi o Staphylococcus aureus, presente em 26% dos pacientes com infecção periprotética. Infecções periprotéticas com culturas negativas ocorreram em 23% dos pacientes.

Conclusão Nossos resultados evidenciam: i) alta prevalência de bactérias do gênero Staphylococcus como causadores da IAP do joelho; ii) a alta incidência de infecções polimicrobianas nas infecções precoces e iii) IAP com culturas negativas ocorre em, aproximadamente, um quarto dos pacientes.
Mieloma Múltiplo (Parte 2) - Atualização sobre a Abordagem da Doença Óssea
Authors: Guedes Alex , Becker Ricardo Gehrke , Teixeira Luiz Eduardo Moreira
Published: June 2023

O aumento da expectativa de vida da população mundial levou a incremento concomitante na prevalência de mieloma múltiplo (MM), patologia que geralmente afeta a população idosa. Lesões ósseas são frequentes nos portadores desta condição, demandando abordagem precoce, desde o tratamento medicamentoso, passando pela radioterapia até a cirurgia ortopédica (profilática ou terapêutica) com os objetivos de prevenir ou retardar a ocorrência de fratura, ou, quando este evento já ocorreu, tratá-la mediante estabilização ou substituição (lesões situadas no esqueleto apendicular) e/ou promover estabilização e descompressão medular (lesões situadas no esqueleto axial), proporcionando rápido alívio da dor, retorno à deambulação e ressocialização, devolvendo a qualidade de vida aos pacientes. O objetivo desta revisão é atualizar o leitor sobre a fisiopatologia, a clínica, exames laboratoriais e de imagem, diagnóstico diferencial e abordagem terapêutica da doença óssea no mieloma múltiplo (DOMM).
Percepção dos pacientes em lista de espera para artroplastia total do quadril sobre a retomada das cirurgias eletivas durante a pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Pedrozo Vitor Bernardes , Schuroff Guilherme Zeni , Zaniolo Francisco José , Deeke Mark , Pedroni Marco Antônio , Schuroff Ademir Antônio
Published: June 2023

Objetivo Analisar o perfil e a percepção dos pacientes em lista de espera para artroplastia total do quadril (ATQ) sobre a realização das cirurgias eletivas durante a pandemia pela COVID-19.

Métodos De julho a novembro de 2021, foram entrevistados pacientes em lista de espera para ATQ durante consultas ambulatoriais. Para comparar os grupos com relação às variáveis categóricas foi aplicado o Teste Qui-quadrado ou Teste exato de Fisher e para as variáveis quantitativas foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney. Os resultados foram calculados utilizando o programa Statistica versão 7.

Resultados 39 pacientes responderam ao questionário. A média de idade foi de 58,95 anos, sendo 53,85% do sexo masculino. Aproximadamente, 60% manifestaram preocupação em contrair ou transmitir COVID-19 aos seus familiares após internação hospitalar para ATQ. 58,9% dos pacientes sentiram-se prejudicados pelo atraso no agendamento das cirurgias eletivas durante a pandemia. 23% perderam ou tiveram algum familiar que perdeu o emprego durante a pandemia, havendo diferença estatística para o grupo com menos de 60 anos (p = 0,04).

Conclusão A maioria dos pacientes sentiram preocupação em infectar-se e expor familiares à COVID-19 após a cirurgia e notaram prejuízo pelas suspensões e atraso no agendamento de cirurgias eletivas. O impacto econômico da pandemia revelou-se pela taxa de 23% de entrevistados que perderam ou tiveram algum familiar que perdeu seu emprego durante a pandemia, sendo maior nos pacientes menores de 60 anos (p = 0,04).
Acoustic metamaterial absorbers: The path to commercialization
Authors: Yang Min , Sheng Ping
Published: June 2023

Acoustic metamaterial represents the synergism between wave physics and designed geometric structures, aimed at novel acoustic properties. For the important functionality of acoustic absorption, metamaterials face the challenges posed by a mature, existing group of absorbing materials that have proven their effectiveness. Can the metamaterials do better? If so, at what price? This article aims to answer these important questions. In particular, it is shown that the critical advantage offered by metamaterial absorbers lies in the tunability of the absorption spectrum to fit the needs of the client, in conjunction with a minimum absorber thickness set by the causal constraint. By overcoming the obstacles set by the mass production cost, acoustic metamaterial absorbers have now entered the commercialization stage. We give three examples of the commercialized applications together with their underlying working principles and conclude with some observations.
Finite temperature effects on the structural stability of Si-doped HfO2 using first-principles calculations
Authors: Harashima Y. , Koga H. , Ni Z. , Yonehara T. , Katouda M. , Notake A. , Matsui H. , Moriya T. , Si M. K. , Hasunuma R. , Uedono A. , Shigeta Y.
Published: June 2023

The structural stabilities of the monoclinic and tetragonal phases of Si-doped HfO2 at finite temperatures were analyzed using a computational scheme to assess the effects of impurity doping. We proposed a method that the finite temperature effects, i.e., lattice vibration and impurity configuration effects, are considered. The results show that 6% Si doping stabilizes the tetragonal phase at room temperature, although a higher concentration of Si is required to stabilize the tetragonal phase at zero temperature. These data indicate that lattice vibration and impurity configuration effects are important factors determining structural stability at finite temperatures.
Quantifying the dynamical information content of pulsed, planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements
Authors: Knight Adam G. , Olivares Carlota Sieira , Roman Maksymilian J. , Moon Daniel R. , Lane Paul D. , Costen Matthew L. , McKendrick Kenneth G.
Published: June 2023

We have analyzed the effects of the spreads in experimental parameters on the reliability of speeds and angular distributions extracted from a generic surface-scattering experiment based on planar laser-induced fluorescence detection. The numerical model assumes a pulsed beam of projectile molecules is directed at a surface. The spatial distribution of the scattered products is detected by imaging the laser-induced fluorescence excited by a thin, pulsed sheet of laser light. Monte Carlo sampling is used to select from realistic distributions of the experimental parameters. The key parameter is found to be the molecular-beam diameter, expressed as a ratio to the measurement distance from the point of impact. Measured angular distributions are negligibly distorted when this ratio is <∼10%. Measured most-probable speeds are more tolerant, being undistorted when it is <∼20%. In contrast, the spread of speeds or of corresponding arrival times in the incident molecular beam has only very minor systematic effects. The thickness of the laser sheet is also unimportant within realistic practical limits. These conclusions are broadly applicable to experiments of this general type. In addition, we have analyzed the specific set of parameters designed to match the experiments on OH scattering from a liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE) surface in the Paper I [Roman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 158, 244704 (2023)]. This reveals that the detailed form of the molecular-beam profile is important, particularly on apparent angular distributions, for geometric reasons that we explain. Empirical factors have been derived to correct for these effects.
On the stability of viscoelastic tapered rotors with internal flow
Authors: Wang Guangding , Zhao Qing , Jiang Zhongkai , Chen Liqing , Yuan Huiqu
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the stability of viscoelastic tapered rotors with internal flow is investigated. The constitutive equation of the viscoelastic material is described on the basis of the Kelvin–Voigt model. Using Hamilton's principle, the governing equation of motion for the rotor system is formulated. The Galerkin discretization technique is then employed to discrete the partial differential equations. Thus, the complex frequencies in the first two modes of the simply supported rotor system are calculated, which are utilized to discriminate the stability of the system. Then, the stability evolution process of the system is analyzed. Also, the divergence flow velocity and spinning speed are computed numerically. Finally, a comprehensive parametric discussion is carried out to evaluate the effect of parameters such as hollowness ratio, mass ratio, taper ratio, and viscosity coefficient on the stability and critical spinning speed of the fluid–structure interaction system. The results show that for a viscoelastic tapered rotor with the internal flow, the rotor experiences a stability evolution of “stable-first mode divergence-stable-first mode flutter-first mode divergence-first mode flutter.” The dynamic behavior of the rotor system depends strongly on the mass ratio, hollowness ratio, taper ratio, flow velocity, and viscoelasticity of the material.
‘Renovation of old drugs’ – can peptide drug conjugates lead the post-ADC era?
Authors: Hao Chaowei , Chen Peng , Zhang Hui , Setrerrahmane Sarra , Xu Hanmei
Published: June 2023

Peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) are an emerging targeted therapeutic drug following on from the relative success of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). In this class, peptides are used to target payload molecules at the disease sites, thereby reducing toxicity and improving the physicochemical properties of the payload. A PDC is composed of three parts: peptide, linker and toxin molecule, and in this structure, the selection of the target in addition to the affinity and stability of the peptide are the keys to the success of PDCs. Since the development of ADCs, drugs have undergone several updates – can PDCs leverage the experience and lessons learned from the development of ADCs over the years to achieve new success? This review presents a systematic introduction of each component of PDCs, as well as the characteristics of PDCs under investigation, with the prospect of PDC development to deepen understanding of their mechanism of action.
Gutenberg, chemistry and the advancement of knowledge
Authors: Browne Chris
Published: June 2023

This article is a brief review of the history of printing, centred around the life and inventions of Johannes Gutenberg, who is widely regarded as the father of printing. Starting with what we know of the earliest developments in printing in China, the article will present the little knowledge we have about Gutenberg’s life and a summary of his contribution to the invention and development of the printing press and its associated technologies. This will be illuminated by an examination of how his most famous publication, the 42-line Gutenberg Bible, came to be created. Gutenberg’s improvements to the chemistry of metal type and printing ink are outlined. The crucial importance of printing on the development of European society in the critical periods of the Reformation and the Renaissance and in the development and culture of science is obvious, but the lasting impact of the language of printing in today’s world is surprising.