bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Factors that Influence the Use of Social Media for Disaster Management by Coastal Community People of Bangladesh
Authors: Khan Imran , Ahmed Mustak
Published: June 2023

Aims: To examine how and why did the coastal community people (agriculture, aquaculture and livestock farmers) adopted social media for their disaster management efforts employing Technology Acceptance Model.

Place and Duration of Study: Batiaghata upazila under Khulna district and Bagerhat Sadar, Chitalmari and Fakirhat upazila of Bagerhat district. Data was collected in February 2023.

Methodology: Considering 95% confidence level and 10% Margin of Error 96 sample was estimated for the study. However, for addressing non response we collected data from 25 more respondents, thus all together we collected data from 121 samples. The people who use social media, available during interview and voluntarily agreed to provide data were selected purposively as sample. The study was a quantitative research project that used independent t-tests and descriptive statistics to analyze the information gathered. Data was Analyzed using SPSS.

Results: The study found 94% community people either strongly agreed or agreed that they use social media for gathering disaster information while 96% respondents strongly agreed or agreed to share disaster information with their friends and families. The outcome of the study established the fact that a significant difference exists between coastal community people whose social media site usage was influenced by their perceived usefulness and those whose social media site usage was influenced by their perceived ease of use (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In coastal Bangladesh social media users gather disaster management information from the media and also share this in their friends and families. There is a high perception of perceive usefulness and ease of use of social media among coastal community people in Bangladesh, particularly Bagerhat and Khulna districts. Therefore, government and non-government organizations need to emphasize on social media as part of enhancing community knowledge and improving practice of disaster management.
The Effect of Somethinc’s Instagram Social Media Marketing Activities on Brand Awareness and Customer Loyalty
Authors: Zafira Yurifa Nur , Hartono Arif
Published: June 2023

This study aims to analyze the influence of the five components of Social Media Marketing Activity (SMMA) on social media Instagram Something on brand awareness and customer loyalty. This study uses a quantitative approach by means of purposive sampling. Data collection for this research was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 260 respondents via Google form with a minimum age of 21 years who know the Somethinc brand and have bought and know products from the Something brand. The analysis technique used in this study is to use quantitative methods and processed with SPSS and PLS-SEM (smartPLS) applications. The test results show that among the five components of social media marketing activity (SMMA) it is found that entertainment and trends show positive results on brand awareness. Interactivity, customization, and electronic word of mouth do not show positive results on brand awareness. Meanwhile, brand awareness shows positive results in customer loyalty.
Spatio-temporal Distribution and Biochemical Composition of Phytoplankton along the Coastal Waters of Dakshin Kannada District, Karnataka, India
Authors: Narshivudu Daggula , Naik A. T. Ramachandra
Published: June 2023

The phytoplankton distribution and biochemical composition concerning water quality parameters were studied in the coastal waters off Mangalore, Monthly sampling was carried out from October 2020 to May 2022 at selected stations of Netravathi-Gurupura estuary, latitude 12°50'38.56" N, longitude 74°50'0.23° to coastal waters off Padubidri latitude 13° 8'0. 57" N longitude 74°42'9.47° with an average depth of 8 meters. Spatiotemporally the phytoplankton, chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton biochemical composition showed a significant difference for the entire duration. During the present investigation, 35 different phytoplankton genera belonging to 3 groups were observed with complete domination from diatoms with 27 genera followed by Dinoflagellates 7 and blue-green algae. distribution and abundance of the phytoplankton were mainly Chaetoceros sp., Ceratium sp., Thallasiocera sp., Biddulphia sp., Coscinodiscus sp., Rhizosolenia sp., Ditylum sp., Triceratium sp., Nitzschia sp. and blue-green algae under Chrysophyta, Bryophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta were observed, while in biochemical composition of phytoplankton, the carbon contributed to the highest percentage and hydrogen constitute to the lowest percentage. Crude protein and Lipid contents are maximum during post-monsoon and carbohydrates showed their highest content during pre-monsoon for phytoplankton. There is a direct relationship between the biochemical composition and the physiochemical and environmental conditions including nutrients, especially nitrates and phosphates.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators for Improvement of the Quality and Shelf Life of Kinnow (Citrus nobilis x Citrus deliciosa): A Review
Authors: Vamshi Thammali , Rajan Rajni , Reddy Gundu Boina Gopichand , Singh Tanya , Chundurwar Keerthana , Kumar Akshay , Ramprasad Rahul Rodge
Published: June 2023

Plant growth regulator’s plays a very important role in Kinnow production. There are different type of PGR’s that includes GA3, NAA, CPPU and Ethyl which  when applied on kinnow performs well and give good results such as high quality, yield and long shelf life of the fruit. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are well known for having a significant impact on fruit retention. Plant growth regulators are hormones that are involved in physiological functions, developmental aspect and have an impact on cell development and growth. They are cellular communication tools known as chemical messengers Also known by the name "plant hormones”. Plant growth regulators enhance fruit set, minimize fruit drop, and correct a variety of physiological functions to improve quality and productivity by improving the physiology of fruits. Gibberellins and auxin are frequently used to reduce fruit drop and enhance fruit quality. The primary role of plant growth regulators in the creation of Kinnow mandarins is the main subject of this review.
Effect of System of Rice Intensification Practices in Increasing the Yield of Traditional Varieties of Rice
Authors: Flora G. Jennifer , Rajendran K. , Kumar K. Udaya , Sharmili K. , Pramitha J. Lydia
Published: June 2023

The experiment to evaluate the “Effect of SRI (System of Rice Intensification) practices in increasing the yield of traditional varieties of rice was carried out in the samba season of 2022 at south farm in Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Division of Agronomy, Coimbatore. The soil of the experimental field was clay loam, moderately drained low in available N 212 kg ha-1), high (17.4 kg ha-1) medium K (410 kg ha-1) level of organic carbon (0.73%). The experiment was laid in Randomized Block Design and replicated three times. The treatments consisted of 7 rice varieties namely Illupaipoo samba (T1), Vaalan samba (T2), Mysore malli (T3), Thanga samba (T4), Thooyamalli (T5), Kitcheli samba (T6) and Bhavani (T7). The Data collected includes the yield attributes of different traditional rice varieties and was analyzed using analysis of variance. In the recent past, research on the country's rice crop has mostly been concentrated on increasing output, crop resilience to pests and diseases, and has given little attention to cultivating the traditional rice varieties or management options for better establishment and production. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct SRI technique experiments with a few chosen rice varieties in order to gather data and provide guidance on the best variety to choose for the production of high-quality rice and its commercialization The results showed that the variety Thanga samba (T4) produced significantly higher grain yield of 6564 kg ha-1 and registered a yield increase ranging from 12 to 63 per cent over the other varieties under evaluation. The highest net return of 176472 ₹ ha-1 with B:C ratio of 2.6 was realised under the variety Thanga samba (T4). In conclusion the variety Thanga samba (T4) performed better under SRI method of cultivation.
Correlation of Weather Variables on Emergence of a Virus Disease Bud Necrosis Disease of Greengram Incited by Soybean Yellow Mottle Mosaic Virus at Raichur, Karnataka
Authors: Begum Afreen , Aswathanarayana D. S. , Yenjerappa S. T. , Govindappa M. R. , Sreenivas A. G.
Published: June 2023

Greengram [(Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is the important pulse crop after chickpea and pigeonpea cultivated in India which is called as “Queen of pulses”, the crop is proned to be infected by many fungal and bacterial diseases. In recent years emergence of a virus disease bud necrosis of greengram was noticed in Raichur and the incidence of disease gradually increased in greengram growing areas of Karnataka. Incidence of bud necrosis disease of greengram and correlation with weather factors was studied during Kharif 2021 at research plot and MARS, UAS, Raichur, Karnataka. The study reveals that, on all four dates of sowing (25th June, 1st July, 9th July and 23rd July 2021), disease was initiated at 25 DAS and highest disease incidence was observed at 75 DAS. The peak activity of thrips was noticed during August month. The weather variables viz., maximum temperature was more than 32 °C, minimum temperature was more than 22°C, rainfall was less than 19 mm/day, morning relative humidity was less than 91 per cent, evening relative humidity more than 44 per cent, evaporation 4.3 mm/day and sunshine hours less than 6 hr/day was favorable for bud necrosis disease in four dates of sowing. Whereas, morning relative humidity, evening relative humidity and age of the crops were having positive relationship with progress of bud necrosis on all four dates of sowing. Thrips and rainfall showed  a positive correlation with disease incidence in all dates of sowing except the fourth date of sowing.
Studies on the Sensory Quality of Milk Pudding Blended with Sapota Pulp (Achras sapota L.)
Authors: Shinde A. Y. , Zine P. L. , Shedage J. B. , Dandekar V. S.
Published: June 2023

Milk pudding was prepared from buffalo milk (standardized with 6 per cent fat and 9 per cent solids-not-fat) with constant level of sugar (8 per cent by volume of concentrated milk) and different levels of (10, 15, 20 and 25 per cent) sapota pulp. It was observed that the overall acceptability score for treatment T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 were 7.20, 7.55, 7.92 and 7.43 respectively. As the level of sapota pulp in milk pudding increases the overall acceptability score also increases upto treatment T3, thereafter it was decreased. The treatment (T3) comprises sapota pulp @ 15 per cent secured maximum score with 7.92 and lowest score was found to be 7.20 in treatment T0.
Assessment of Incidence of Chilli Leaf Curl Virus, Role of Environment and Disease Management
Authors: Sirawata Alka , Karcho Shraddha
Published: June 2023

The present study “Assessment of incidence of chilli leaf curl virus, role of environment and its management” was carried out at Chilli LCV pone are of Bundelkhand region at Tikamagarh location of Madhya Pradesh. Among diseases affecting chilli crop, leaf curl virus is one of the major threat. In experiment, 10 chilli cultivars namely ZH-927, Gypsy, Pusa Jawala, Surya Pariksha, Surya-31, Meenam-(074), Mahy-Yasash, Disha, Pride and Arka Harita were screened under open field conditions for leaf curl virus. Six insecticides viz., Methyle dematon 25 EC @ 0.025%, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.003%, Acetamaprid 20 SL @ 0.025%, Diamethoate 30 EC @ 0.5%, Thiamethoxam 70 WG@ 0.005% and Neem seed kernel extract @ 5% were tested against disease. In screening among all cultivers, ZH-927 was identified as resistant whereas Surya Pariksha, Disha and Arka Harita showed susceptible reaction. In case of management of leaf curl virus vector, Imidacloprid and Acetamaprid were found effective in inhibiting the leaf curl disease incidence followed by Thiomethoxam, NSKE, Methyl demeton and dimethoate. Temperature was found positive correlation with disease incidence. As the temperature increases, there is a corresponding increase in the incidence of the disease. Relative humidity and rainfall showed negative correlation with disease incidence as relative humidity and precipitation increased the disease incidence will decrease.
Studies on Correlation and Path Analysis in Segregating Population of Mangalore Melon (Cucucmis melo var. acidulus) Derived from the Inter-Varietal Cross MS 78 x RNMS-1
Authors: Sowmya H. M. , Satish D. , Shet Ratnakar M. , Patil H. B. , Amarananjundeshwara H. , Raghavendra G. , Mahesh Y. S.
Published: June 2023

Correlation and path coefficients analysis can help to assess the mutual relationship between various plant characters and determines component characters on which selection can be based or improvement in yield. 260 Mangalore melon vines were evaluated for yield contributing characters to observe their associations, direct and indirect effect on fruit yield per vine at College of Horticulture, Bagalkot during summer 2021-2022. The study revealed that fruit yield per plant had significant positive correlation number of female flowers, fruit length, fruit width, number of fruits per vine, fruit weight, flesh thickness, seed cavity width and seed cavity length which are important characters to be accounted for gaining improvement in yield. Path analysis revealed that fruit weight exhibited highest positive direct effect on fruit yield per vine followed by flesh thickness, number of fruits per vine, seed cavity length and so on.
Characterization of Chemical Tests in Different Indica Rice Accessions and Power of Discriminating Rice Subvarieties in North Western Himalayas
Authors: Kumari Asha , Maharana Chandan , Aditya Jay Prakash , Kant Lakshmi
Published: June 2023

Variety identification has great significance from seed production, breeding as well as intellectual property rights point of view to ensure quality seed. The decrease in the morphological variation among the major rice varieties due to narrow genetic base makes it necessary for the development of quick and reliable tests for varietal identification particularly for those working in seed certification and quality maintenance. The study was conducted during 2019-20 at the laboratories of the Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-VPKAS, Almora. Two hundred Indica rice varieties/genotypes were identified on the basis of seed color (phenol, modified phenol, NaOH and KOH) to chemical tests. Phenol test grouped variety into three distinct groups viz., dark brown (15 varieties), brown (59 varieties) and light brown (95 varieties). With the help of modified phenol test these varieties were further sub grouped. NaOH test grouped varieties into two distinct groups i.e., light yellow (177 varieties) and wine red (23 varieties). These tests clearly differentiated the varieties of one group to that of another groups on the basis of seed coat color. However, KOH test was not reliable for the differentiation of these varieties because all these varieties showed light yellow color after treating with KOH solution. Though no individual chemical test was able to distinguish all the varieties, different chemical tests in conjunction were useful in identification of varieties. Thus these simple, reliable and quick tests can be used for varietal identification in rice crop.
In vitro Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Different Trichoderma spp. and Plant Extracts against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary Causing Stem Rot of Mustard
Authors: Nain Md Zulkar , Khan R. U. , Singh Vaibhav Pratap , Sayyeda Sibte
Published: June 2023

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is one of the most destructive disease of mustard which affects the quality and quantity of the crop and resulting in severe yield losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the bio-efficacy of different Trichoderma spp. and plant extracts against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum under laboratory conditions. All the tested Trichoderma spp. and plant extracts showed a significant effect on growth inhibition of test fungus over control. Among different Trichoderma spp., maximum growth inhibition (73.33%) was observed with T. viride followed by T. harzianum (67.77%). While as the least efficacy was found in T. atroviride (38.37%) against the pathogen. Of all, Allium sativum was proved to be most potent at all three tested concentrations (5, 10, and 15%), thereby registering 59.26, 67.41, and 100.0% growth inhibition followed by Azadirachta indica and Lantana camara, respectively. However, Argemone maxicana was least effective at all concentrations in this study.
Economic Factors and Different Growth Phases of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L. Var. Saccharata) in the South Gujarat Area, India as Affected by Intra-Row Spacing and Potassium Levels
Authors: Sharma Manisha , Kumar Manoj , Dabhi B. M.
Published: June 2023

To determine how intra-row spacing and potassium levels affected sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. Saccharata), a field experiment was conducted in Junagadh (Gujarat) during the Rabi season of 2016–17. Four levels of intra-row spacing (5, 10, 15 and 20 cm) and four potassium levels (0, 20, 40, and 60 kg K2O/ha) were combined into sixteen different treatment combinations. Three replications of a factorial randomized block design were used to set up the experiment. Based on the data of growth attributes significant and maximum recorded dry matter accumulation (102.46 and 144.54 g plant-1 ) at 60 DAS and harvest, absolute growth rate (3.07 and 1.41 g day-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, crop growth rate (0.00275 and 0.00126 g m-2day-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest under the treatment intra-row spacing (20 cm), respectively.

According to data on growth attributes, the treatment (K4) 60 K2O + 120 N2O + 60 P2O5 kg/ha resulted in significant and maximum dry matter accumulation (96.93 and 142.00 g plant-1) at 60 DAS and harvest, absolute growth rate (3.03 and 1.39 g day-1) at 45-60 DAS and 60 DAS-harvest, and crop growth rate (0.00272 and 0.00124 g m-2day-1) respectively. Economic analysis showed that higher net returns and B: C ratio from sweet corn (Sweet-16) can be secured by sowing the crop at 20 cm intra-row spacing + application of 60 kg K2O/ha.
Effect of Chitosan Application on Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Vandana Marripelli , Joseph Annjoe V. , Bahadur Vijay , Naveen Kamatala
Published: June 2023

Strawberry is a sweet and fragrant fruit that is popular all over the world. It belongs to the genus Fragaria and is known for its bright red colour, juicy texture, and characteristic aroma. The present investigation was laid out on the experimental site of Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology & Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj (UP), during 2022-2023. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments with different combinations of RDF and chitosan replicated thrice with 4 plants per replication in Randomized Block Design. Observations were recorded for vegetative growth, yield and quality of strawberry variety Winter Dawn.The statistical analysis indicated significant variation among the different treatments in terms of growth parameters. The treatment labeled as T10 (RDF + Chitosan spray 4g/L at 45, 90, and 120 DAP) demonstrated the highest values for vegetative parameters such as the number of leaves (26.50), plant height (18.10 cm), and plant spread in both east-west and north-south directions (26.15). Similarly, T10 also exhibited the maximum values for fruit characteristics, including fruit length (5.63 cm), fruit diameter (3.95 cm), and fruit weight (30.23 g). In terms of yield, T10 recorded the highest yield (341.25 g) among all the treatments, followed by T9 (RDF + Chitosan spray 3g/L at 45, 90, and 120 DAP).
Structural Design and Hydrodynamic Coefficient Calculation of Observation-class ROVs
Authors: Jiawei Guo , Chuan Liu , Shifeng Yuan , Zhiyuan Chen , Jibo Chen
Published: June 2023

Remote Operated Vehicle (ROV) can replace humans in inspecting and maintaining water facilities such as reservoirs and dams. Connected to surface support equipment through umbilical cables, the umbilical cable allows the operator to control the ROV's operations remotely from a mother ship or shore. Using the ROV as an underwater operational platform, precise and efficient underwater inspection and repair operations for hydraulic structures can be achieved by mounting underwater mechanical arms, pan-tilt cameras, cleaning and cutting devices, etc. This paper designs an observation-class ROV, carries out structural design of the ROV body, selects and models sensors and actuators according to actual needs, and provides a method for using the FLUENT software to perform hydrodynamic calculations and obtain hydrodynamic coefficients based on the model.
Evaluation of Mask-Induced Cardiopulmonary Stress
Authors: Bao Riqiang , Ning Guang , Sun Yingkai , Pan Shijia , Wang Weiqing
Published: June 2023

This randomized crossover trial evaluates the cardiopulmonary effects of extended use of the N95 mask during daily life.
Natranaerofabaceae
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: June 2023

Natr.an.ae.ro.fa.ba.ce'ae. N.L. fem. n.
Natranaerofaba
, a bacterial genus; L. fem. pl. n. suff.
‐aceae
, ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Natranaerofabaceae
, the family of
Natranaerofaba
.

Firmicutes D / Natranaerobiia / Natranaerobiales / Natranaerofabaceae

The family
Natranaerofabaceae
includes obligately anaerobic acetogenic bacteria from soda lakes. They are extremely salt‐tolerant and moderately thermophilic alkaliphiles capable of anaerobic carboxydotrophy. The family belongs to the order
Natranaerobiales,
class
Natranaerobiia
, and consists of a single genus
Natranaerofaba
. The family‐level status was established by phylogenomic analysis.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 35.3 (whole genome sequence).

Type genus
:
Natranaerofaba
Sorokin et al. 2021, VL202.
Thiothrix
Authors: Grabovich Margarita Yu. , Ravin Nikolai V. , Boden Rich
Published: June 2023

Thi'o.thrix. Gr. neut. n.theîon, brimstone, sulfur (Latin transliterationthium); Gr. fem. n.thrix, hair; N.L. fem. n.Thiothrix, sulfur hair.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Thiotrichales / Thiotrichaceae / Thiothrix

Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, and facultative anaerobic filamentous bacteria that can attach to surfaces. Distribution occurs with the help of gonidia. All species are capable of forming rosettes. Elemental sulfur is stored intracellularly. Nonmotile. Capable of chemolithoautotrophic and heterotrophic growth. Mixed metabolic modes are also observed, but it is not entirely clear if this is chemolithoheterotrophy or mixotrophy. Obligately respiratory metabolism. Molecular oxygen, nitrate, and thiosulfate can be used as terminal electron acceptors. CO2is fixed through the Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle. Genomes encode all enzymes of the Krebs cycle, except for the canonical malate dehydrogenase (NAD+,mdh, EC 1.1.1.37) which is replaced by malate dehydrogenase (quinone,mqo, EC 1.1.5.4), which donates electrons to the quinone pool. Reduced sulfur compounds are oxidized to sulfate. Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to elemental sulfur by bacterial sulfide:quinone reductase (Sqr, EC 1.8.5.4) and sulfide‐cytochromecreductase (flavocytochrome c, FccAB, EC 1.8.2.3) enzymes; sulfur then oxidized to (bi)sulfite by dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DsrAB, EC 1.8.99.5), and then to sulfate via the direct route by sulfite dehydrogenase (quinone, SoeABC, EC 1.8.5.6) and the indirect one via sulfate adenylyltransferase (Sat, EC 2.7.7.4) and adenylyl‐sulfate reductase (AprAB, EC 1.8.99.2). Thiosulfate is oxidized through a branched version of the Lu‐Kelly cycle (SoxABXYZ). Mesophilic. Dominant fatty acids are C16:1ω7, C16:0, and C18:1ω7. Known habitats are sulfidic springs and lakes, coastal seawater, sulfidic groundwaters, deep‐sea hydrothermal vents, activated sludge, sewage, and exoskeletons of someCrustacea.

DNA G + C content (mol%):49.3–54.9 (genome sequence).

Type species:Thiothrix niveaWinogradsky 1888AL(Beggiatoa niveaRabenhorst 1865).
Fournierella
Authors: Togo Amadou Hamidou , Million Matthieu , Raoult Didier
Published: June 2023

Four.nier.el'la
. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Fournierella
, named after the French clinical microbiologist Pierre‐Edouard Fournier for his contribution to the taxono‐genomic description of the bacteria.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Fournierella

Rods 0.5–2 μm. Non‐spore‐forming. Gram‐staining is negative. Nonmotile. Anaerobic and use carbohydrates as a source of energy. Growth occurs on 5 % sheep blood‐enriched Columbia agar. Optimal growth temperature, 37°C; optimal pH, 6–8.5. Catalase, oxidase, and urease are negative. Aesculin is hydrolyzed but not gelatin. The major fermentation product is acetic acid, but butyric acid, isobutyric acid, and propionic acid are also produced in small amounts. The predominant cellular fatty acids are the saturated acid C
16:0
and unsaturated acid C
18:1
n
9.

DNA G
+
C content (mol
%
)
: 56.8.

Type species
:
Fournierella massiliensis
Togo et al. 2017
VP
.
Caproiciproducens
Authors: Jeon Byoung Seung , Sang Byoung‐In
Published: June 2023

Ca.pro.i.ci.pro.du'cens. N.L. neut. n.
acidum caproicum
, caproic acid; L. pres. part.
producens
, producing; N.L. masc. n.
Caproiciproducens
, the bacteria producing caproic acid.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Caproiciproducens

Caproiciproducens
are Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐spore‐forming bacilli and strictly anaerobic bacteria.
Caproiciproducens
produce acids using carbohydrates such as glycerol,
l
‐arabinose,
l
‐ribose,
d
‐xylose,
l
‐galactose,
d
‐glucose,
d
‐fructose,
d
‐mannose, dulcitol,
glucosamine,
d
‐cellobiose, starch, glycogen,
d
‐tagatose
and
l
‐fucose.
Caproiciproducens
produces acetic acid, butyric acid, caproic acid, and H
2
and CO
2
. Especially,
Caproiciproducens
produces caproic acid mainly under the condition used carbohydrates like sugar alcohols. The major fatty acids of cellular membrane are C
16:0
DMA and C
16:0
aldehyde. Phylogenetically, the genus represents a distinct lineage in
Clostridium
Cluster IV.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.0 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans
Kim et al. 2015
vp
.
Pseudogulbenkiania
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone , Nunes Olga C.
Published: June 2023

Pseu.do.gul.ben.ki.a'ni.a Gr. neut. adj.
pseudes
, false; N.L. fem. n.
Gulbenkiania
, a bacterial generic name; N.L. fem. n.
Pseudogulbenkiania
, false
Gulbenkiania
.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Neisseriales / Chromobacteriaceae / Pseudogulbenkiania

Rods
, non‐spore‐forming, Gram‐stain‐negative. Motile by a polar flagellum.
Aerobic
with chemo‐organotrophic respiratory metabolism.
Mesophilic
, growing between 15 and 42°C. React positively to cytochrome
c
oxidase and negatively to catalase tests. Sole carbon sources include sugars, organic acids, and amino acids. The DNA G + C content ranges between 63 and 66 mol%. Major fatty acids are C
16:1
ω7
c
and C
16:0
. Phylogenetically, belong to the family
Chromobacteriaceae
. The type species is
Pseudogulbenkiania subflava
and the genus includes also the species
Pseudogulbenkiania gefcensis. “Pseudogulbenkiania ferrooxidans”
is a nonvalidly published name.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.2–65.9 (HPLC) and 63.4 (WGS).

Type species
:
Pseudogulbenkiania subflava
, Lin et al. 2008
VP
.
Natronobacillus
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: June 2023

Na.tro.no.ba.cil'lus N.L. neut. n.
natron
, soda, sodium carbonate (arbitrarily derived from the Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
); N.L. pref.
natrono‐
, pertaining to soda; L. masc. n.
bacillus
, a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Natronobacillus
, soda‐loving rod.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Amphibacillaceae / Natronobacillus

The genus
Natronobacillus
is classified as a member of the family “
Amphibacillaceae
”, order
Bacillales
, class
Bacilli
, phylum
Firmicutes
. It includes high salt‐tolerant, obligately alkaliphilic, aerotolerant, fermentative, saccharolytic, spore‐forming anaerobes utilizing various carbohydrates as energy and carbon sources and capable of diazotrophic growth. The genus currently includes a single species
N. azotifigens
represented by multiple closely related isolates from soda soils and soda lake sediments.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 36.1–38.5 (
T
m
); 36.7 (whole genome sequence of the type strain).

Type species
:
Natronobacillus azotifigens
Sorokin et al. 2008b, VL125.
Halocatena
Authors: Kumar Pravin , Verma Ashish , Pal Yash , Krishnamurthi Srinivasan
Published: June 2023

Ha.lo.ca.te'na. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. fem. n.
catena
, chain; N.L. fem. n.
Halocatena
, a salty chain.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae / Halocatena

The archaeal genus
Halocatena
(
Hct
.), belonging to the family
Halobacteriaceae
within the class
Halobacteria,
comprises only a single species that is extremely halophilic. The 16S rRNA gene and whole genome‐based phylogenetics revealed robust but distant relatedness with members of the genus
Halomarina
(
Hmr
). Cells are aerobic, Gram‐stain‐negative, pleomorphic in shape and size, have the ability to grow in absence of Mg
2+
ions, and remain intact in distilled water, unlike the majority of the family
Halobacteriaceae
. Acid production from most of the sugars is negative. Diethyl derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (C20, C20, and C25, C20), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (C25, C20), sulfated glycosyl‐mannosyl‐glucosyl diether, two glycosyl‐mannosyl‐glucosyl diether lipids, and a glycolipid are the major polar lipid constituents.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 57.1 (genomic).

Type species
:
Halocatena pleomorpha
Verma et al. 2020
VP
.
Natranaerofaba
Authors: Sorokin Dimitry Y. , Merkel Alexander Y.
Published: June 2023

Natr.an.ae.ro.fa'ba. N.L. neut. n.
natron
, derived from Arabic
natrun
soda (sodium carbonate); Gr. pref.
an‐
, not; Gr. masc. n.
aêr
, air; L. fem. n.
faba
, bean; N.L. fem. n.
Natranaerofaba
, bean‐shaped soda loving anaerobe.

Firmicutes D / Natranaerobiia / Natranaerobiales / Natranaerofabaceae / Natranaerofaba

The genus
Natrabaerofaba
forms a deep‐branching lineage in the order
Natranaerobiales
, class
Natranaerobiia
. It includes obligately anaerobic bacteria utilizing CO and pyruvate during acetogenic growth and formate and lactate in the presence of thiosulfate, fumarate, or nitrate as electron acceptors. Nitrate is ammonified. They are extremely halophilic and obligately alkaliphilic, moderate thermophiles. The polar lipids are dominated by diethers, which is rare in bacteria. Currently includes a single species
Natranaerofaba carboxydovora
.

DNA G
+
C content (%)
: 35.3 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Natranaerofaba carboxydovora
Sorokin et al. 2021, VL202.
Entomoplasmatales
Authors: Gasparich Gail E. , Brown Daniel R.
Published: June 2023

En.to.mo.plas.ma.ta'les. N.L. neut. n.
Entomoplasma
, type genus of the order; L. fem. pl. n. suff. ‐
ales
, ending to denote an order: N.L. fem. pl. n.
Entomoplasmatales
, the
Entomoplasma
order.

Tenericutes / Mollicutes / Entomoplasmatales

This order in the class
Mollicutes
has been assigned to a group of nonhelical and helical mollicutes that are regularly associated with arthropod or plant hosts. The description of organisms in the order is essentially the same as for the class. Two families are designated,
Entomoplasmataceae
for nonhelical mollicutes and
Spiroplasmataceae
for helical ones. The order consists of four major phylogenetic clades: the entomoplasmataceae clade, which consists of the genus
Entomoplasma,
and the Apis, Citri–Chrysopicola–Mirum, and Ixodetis clades of the genus
Spiroplasma
. All cells are chemo‐organotrophic, usually fermenting glucose through the phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent sugar transferase system. Arginine may be hydrolyzed, but urea is not. Cells may require sterol for growth. Temperature optimum for growth is usually 30–32°C, with a few species able to grow at 37°C. Genome sizes range from 780 to 2220 kb by pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), with DNA G + C contents ranging from 25 to 34 mol%. Like members of the
Mycoplasmatales
, all organisms in this order are thought to utilize the UGA codon to encode tryptophan.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 25–34 (
T
m
, Bd).

Type genus
:
Entomoplasma
Tully 1993
VP
.
Kiritimatiellota emend
Authors: Spring Stefan
Published: June 2023

Ki.ri.ti.ma.ti.el.lo'ta. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Kiritimatiella
, type genus of the phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n. suff. ‐
ota
, ending to denote a phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Kiritimatiellota
, the
Kiritimatiella
phylum.

Analysis of environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences suggests that members of this phylum prefer animal intestines and anoxic aquatic niches ranging in salinity from hypersaline to freshwater. These data further indicate that most members of the
Kiritimatiellota
are mesophilic and neutrophilic, being adapted to moderate habitats. Cells of cultivated strains divide by binary fission, do not form intracellular membranes, are spherical, nonmotile, and non‐spore‐forming. They have a cell wall of the Gram‐negative type that contains peptidoglycan and an outer membrane. Strains available in pure culture produce transparent exopolymers during growth. Based on the habitat preference, it can be concluded that most representatives are anaerobic bacteria with a fermentative and saccharolytic type of metabolism. In sequenced genomes of some representatives, extraordinarily high numbers of genes encoding putative glycoside hydrolases and sulfatases were detected, which may be necessary for the degradation of complex sulfated polysaccharides typically occurring in the animal intestine or marine environments (Spring et al., 2016; van Vliet et al., 2020). Cellular fatty acid patterns of axenic cultures were dominated by straight‐chain (C
18:0
) and
iso
‐branched fatty acids (
iso
‐C
12:0
,
iso
‐C
14:0
). The major polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin). In some strains, respiratory lipoquinones (menaquinones MK‐6 – MK‐9) were detected. The genome sizes among described representatives of this phylum range from 2.9 to 8.6 Mb.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 53–63 (genome analyses).

Type genus
:
Kiritimatiella
Spring et al. 2016, VL174.
Faces & Voices cements ties with harm reduction
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Formerly a haven for people in recovery from alcohol (especially) and other substance use disorders, Faces & Voices of Recovery has now embraced the harm reduction movement. Faces & Voices has developed harm reduction training for the peer support workforce, focused on the opioid overdose epidemic.
OUD and mental illness: Prevalence and risk of overdose
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

A presentation at last month's American Psychiatric Association's annual meeting revealed important findings about opioid use disorder (OUD) and comorbid mental health diagnoses. The study, by Felipe Castillo, M.D. of Montefiore University Hospital, focused on the prevalence and correlates of OUD and the risk of opioid overdose from a large state‐wide Medicaid claims database of patients. The study population (n = 523,885) included individuals 18 years and older with a mental health diagnosis recorded in the first position on at least one inpatient or two outpatient records from a clinical setting and who were continuously enrolled in New York state Medicaid during 2020. The diagnoses covered for the study excluded substance use disorders, neurodevelopmental (other than attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and neurocognitive diagnoses alone.
David Eric Nelson, NCADD‐Maryland
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

David Eric Nelson, board chair of National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence of Maryland from 2009, died at the age of 73 in April. He continued as board chair until his death. “The Board of Directors sends our sincere condolences to his wife, Betsy, and family on their great loss,” according to the NCADD‐MD website. “We express our deepest gratitude for the time David so generously donated to our organization — for his leadership, his vision and stewardship during his chairmanship. He will be greatly missed by all of us.” The cause of death was prostate cancer. For the official obituary, go to https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/baltimoresun/name/david‐nelson‐obituary?id=51657053.
Bioinspired Golden Spiral Shapes on Crushing Protection Behaviors of Tubular Structures
Authors: Sherman John , Zhang Wen , Waheed Hamza , Albarran Alexis , Crumpler Hunter , Xu Jun
Published: June 2023

Advanced structure design for energy absorption is a long‐lasting pursuit due to its fascinating scientific merit in mechanics and important engineering application. Curves, a type of mathematical variation in geometry, are widely adopted in the biological system and biomaterial structures after long‐time nature evolution toward optimization and adaption. Inspired by nature, a novel type of tubular structure is designed with golden spiral curvature. With the variations in the hierarchy of the supporting spirals and the number of arms, a maximum of 38.8% increase is demonstrated in performance over an uncurved counterpart structure. The computational modeling reveals that the additional added golden spiral arms within the tube enhance the rigidity and increase the energy dissipation via progress buckling involved by additional materials such that the energy absorption upon crushing is significantly improved. Theoretical models then provide intrinsic underlying mechanics analysis with more intuitive design guidance for such structures. Results develop an efficient yet simple design based on widely accepted tubular structure design for impact protection, enrich the mechanistic understanding of the nonlinear buckling behaviors, and provide applicable design guidance for engineering structures.
Extended Antibonding States and Phonon Localization Induce Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Low Dimensional Metal Halide
Authors: Acharyya Paribesh , Pal Koushik , Ahad Abdul , Sarkar Debattam , Rana Kewal Singh , Dutta Moinak , Soni Ajay , Waghmare Umesh V. , Biswas Kanishka
Published: June 2023

Thermal conductivity, which measures the ease at which heat passes through a crystalline solid, is controlled by the nature of the chemical bonding and periodicity in the solid. This necessitates an in‐depth understanding of the crystal structure and chemical bonding to tailor materials with notable lattice thermal conductivity (κL). Herein, the nature of chemical bonding and its influence on the thermal transport properties (2–523 K) of all‐inorganic halide perovskite Cs3Bi2I9 are studied. The κL exhibits an ultralow value of ≈0.20  W m−1K−1 in 30–523 K temperature range. The antibonding states just below the Fermi level in the electronic structure arising from the interaction between bismuth 6s and iodine 5p orbitals, weakens the bond and causes soft elasticity in Cs3Bi2I9. First‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal highly localized soft optical phonon modes originating from Cs‐rattling and dynamic double octahedral distortion of 0D [Bi2I9]3− in Cs3Bi2I9. These low energy nearly flat optical phonons strongly interact with transverse acoustic modes creating an ultrashort phonon lifetime of ≈1 ps. While the presence of extended antibonding states gives rise to soft anharmonic lattice; Cs rattling provides sharp localized optical phonon modes, which altogether result in strong lattice anharmonicity and ultralow κL.
Concurrent Terahertz Generation via Quantum Interference in a Quadratic Media
Authors: Peters Luke , Totero Gongora Juan Sebastian , Cecconi Vittorio , Olivieri Luana , Tunesi Jacob , Pasquazi Alessia , Peccianti Marco
Published: June 2023

The strive for efficiency in the generation of terahertz (THz) waves motivates intense research on novel field–matter interactions. Presently, THz generation via quadratic crystals remains the benchmark thanks to its simple and practical deployment. An interesting problem is whether new mechanisms can be exploited to elicit novel generation approaches and forms of control on the THz output in existing systems. THz generation via quantum interference (QI) leverages a third‐order nonlinear response under resonant absorption, and it has been recently explored to access surface generation in centrosymmetric systems. Its deployment in standard THz quadratic sources can potentially create a physical setting with the concurrence of two different mechanisms. Here, THz generation via QI in noncentrosymmetric crystals concurrent with phase‐matched quadratic generation in a bulk‐transmission setting is demonstrated. Beyond investigating a new physical setting, it is demonstrated that conversion efficiencies much larger than those typically associated with the medium become accessible for a typically adopted crystal, ZnTe. An inherent control on the relative amplitude and sign of the two generated THz components is also achieved. This approach provides disruptive boost and management of the optical‐to‐THz conversion performance of a well‐established technology, with significant ramifications in emerging spectroscopy and imaging applications.
Bioinspired In‐Sensor Reservoir Computing for Self‐Adaptive Visual Recognition with Two‐Dimensional Dual‐Mode Phototransistors
Authors: Jiang Nanjia , Tang Jian , Zhang Woyu , Li Yi , Li Na , Li Xiuzhen , Chen Xi , Fang Renrui , Guo Zeyu , Wang Fei , Wang Jun , Li Zhi , He Congli , Zhang Guangyu , Wang Zhongrui , Shang Dashan
Published: June 2023

Artificial visual systems that dynamically process spatiotemporal optoelectronic signals under complex real‐life environments bear a wide spectrum of edge applications. Despite significant progress in optoelectronic sensors and neuromorphic computing algorithms, developing visual systems that can adapt to a broad illumination range while retaining high performance, high efficiency, and low training costs remains a challenge. Here, this work reports a bioinspired in‐sensor reservoir computing (RC) for self‐adaptive visual recognition. By leveraging voltage‐tunable photoresponses of the MoS2‐based phototransistor array, the RC system demonstrates both scotopic and photopic adaptation functions and maintains a recognition accuracy of 91%. The horizontal modulation (HM) block enables the reservoir to adapt automatically in real‐time under changing illumination conditions, yielding a 90.64% recognition accuracy (14.21% improvement over conventional RC systems). These results pave the way for the emergence of a reconfigurable in‐sensor RC system with broad applications and enhanced performance for an efficient artificial vision system at the edge.
Up‐ and Down‐Shifting Nanomaterials with Chiroptical Responses: Origin of their Chiroptical Activity and Applications
Authors: Francés‐Soriano Laura , Zaballos‐García Elena , Pérez‐Prieto Julia
Published: June 2023

Artificial chiral nanoparticles exhibit unique optical and (photo)physical properties. They can be all‐inorganic or organic–inorganic materials that are usually confined to the nanoscale by anchoring organic ligands to their surface. The ligands can also possess distinctive optical and/or (photo)physical properties, thereby adding functionality to the whole nanosystem and constituting an organic–inorganic nanohybrid. Development of luminescent chiral nanoparticles and nanohybrids is pertinent to many applications, such as (bio)sensing, therapeutics, photocatalysis, and optoelectronics, among others. This review deals with different photoactive nanomaterials, displaying either up‐shifting emission (nanoparticles consisting of a photoactive or inert matrix doped with lanthanides, Ln3+, upconversion nanoparticles, UCNPs) or down‐shifting emission, such as coinage metal nanoclusters (e.g., gold nanoclusters, AuNCs) and lead halide perovskite nanoparticles (HP NPs), as well as very low emissive nanoparticles, such as plasmonic nanoparticles (such as gold nanoparticles, AuNPs). Special attention is paid to the origin of the chiroptical response of these materials, showing that it is varied and can be alike for some of them.
Porous Organic Polymers‐Based Single‐Atom Catalysts for Sustainable Energy‐Related Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Haoyang , Pan Fuping , Qin Chen , Wang Ting , Chen Kai‐Jie
Published: June 2023

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have been emerging as attractive catalytic materials in electrocatalysis for sustainable energy storage and conversion. To realize the practical implementation of SACs, reliable support is highly imperative to stabilize atomically dispersed metals with strong metal–support interaction, tunable local electronic environment, and favorable electron/mass transport. Thanks to great designability and tunability of composition, structure, and morphology, porous organic polymers (POPs) have demonstrated grand promise as appropriate support platforms toward the design of SACs at the molecular level and the fabrication of SACs in a controlled manner. Herein, a comprehensive overview of recent advances toward the elucidation of general design principles, effective synthesis approaches, and fundamental catalytic mechanisms for boosting the development of high‐performance POPs‐based SACs in electrocatalytic transformations is provided. The authors first outline rationales for using POPs‐based supports to stabilize SACs and design principles for electrocatalysis, followed by discussing fabrication approaches of utilizing POPs and POPs‐derived nanocarbons to host single‐atom metals. Then, state‐of‐the‐art POPs‐based SACs and their applications in heterogeneous electrocatalysis (ORR, OER, HER, CO2RR, and NRR) are discussed, of which the focus is on revealing the structure–performance correlation and catalytic mechanisms. Finally, challenges and strategies associated with the rational design of high‐performance SACs are suggested.
Mechanisms of Cysteine‐Lysine Covalent Linkage—The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Competition with Disulfide Bonds**
Authors: Ye Jin , Bazzi Sophia , Fritz Tobias , Tittmann Kai , Mata Ricardo A. , Uranga Jon
Published: June 2023

Recently, a new naturally occurring covalent linkage was characterised, involving a cysteine and a lysine, bridged through an oxygen atom. The latter was dubbed as the NOS bond, reflecting the individual atoms involved in this uncommon bond which finds little parallel in lab chemistry. It is found to form under oxidising conditions and is reversible upon addition of reducing agents. Further studies have identified the bond in crystal structures across a variety of systems and organisms, potentially playing an important role in regulation, cellular defense and replication. Not only that, double NOS bonds have been identified and even found to be competitive in relation to the formation of disulfide bonds. This raises several questions about how this exotic bond comes to be, what are the intermediates involved in its formation and how it competes with other pathways of sulfide oxidation. With this objective in mind, we revisited our first proposed mechanism for the reaction with model electronic structure calculations, adding information about the reactivity with alternative reactive oxygen species and other potential competing products of oxidation. We present a network with more than 30 reactions which provides one of the most encompassing pictures for cysteine oxidation pathways to date.