bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labour market integration among young adults diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) at working age
Authors: Chen Lingjing , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Björkenstam Emma , Rahman Syed , Gustafsson Klas , Kjeldgård Linnea , Ekselius Lisa , Taipale Heidi , Tanskanen Antti , Helgesson Magnus
Published: April 2023

The aims were to investigate patterns of labour market integration following an adult diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its relation to sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders.

Methods

Multiple Swedish nationwide registers were used to identify 8045 individuals, aged 20–29, with an incident diagnosis of ADHD 2006–2011. Labour market integration was conceptualized according to the core-peripheral model as a continuum from a strong (core) to a weak (peripheral) connection to the labour market. Sequence analyses categorized clusters of labour market integration, from 1 year before to 5 years after their ADHD diagnosis for individuals diagnosed with ADHD and a matched control group without ADHD. Multinomial logistic regression computed odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between sociodemographic factors and comorbid disorders and the identified clusters.

Results

About one-fourth of the young adults diagnosed with ADHD belonged to clusters characterized by a transition to a mainly peripheral labour market position, which was approximately four-times higher compared to controls without ADHD. Foremost, those living in small cities/villages (OR 1.9; CI 1.5–2.2), those having comorbid autism-spectrum disorder (OR 13.7; CI 6.8–27.5) or schizophrenia/psychoses (OR 7.8; CI 3.8–15.9) were associated with a transition towards a peripheral labour market position throughout the study period. Those with a high educational level (OR 0.1; CI 0.1–0.1), and men (OR 0.7; CI 0.6–0.8) were less likely to have a peripheral labour market position.

Conclusions

Young adults diagnosed with ADHD are four-times more likely to be in the peripheral labour market position compared to those without ADHD. To increase labour market participation, special attention is warranted to those with low educational level, those living outside big cities and those with comorbid mental disorders.
MAPPING THE LEIGH FERMORS’ JOURNEY THROUGH THE DEEP MANI IN 1951
Authors: Seifried Rebecca M. , Gardner Chelsea A.M. , Tatum Maria
Published: April 2023

In the summer of 2019, members of the CARTography Project set out to re-create the route that Patrick and Joan Leigh Fermor took during their first visit to the Deep Mani in 1951. The project involved meticulously analysing the couple's notebooks and photographs to glean details about where they had ventured, using least-cost analysis to model their potential routes and ground-truthing the results by walking and boating the routes ourselves. As in much of rural Greece, Mani's topography has changed substantially in the seven decades since the Leigh Fermors’ journey, with paved roads having replaced many of the Ottoman-era footpaths that locals once relied on for travel and transportation. While the transformed landscape we encountered prevented a complete re-enactment of the Leigh Fermors’ journey, it also offered an opportunity to embody key parts of their travelling experience. The results of our study are twofold: first, a detailed map of the route the Leigh Fermors followed based on our reading of their documentary sources; and second, an assessment of the utility of using least-cost analysis to model the routes of historical travellers.
A super-heterodyne passive 35 GHz millimeter-wave imaging system for detecting hidden objects
Authors: Khosousi Sani Hamideh , Mohanna Shahram , Askarpour Amir Nader
Published: April 2023

Passive millimeter-wave imaging systems (PMWIS) are employed for detecting concealed objects by mapping millimeter waves emitted from materials or living tissues. The emitted waves are measured by a receiver or radiometers without employing external wave sources. In this paper, a new super-heterodyne receiver front-end of a PMWIS at 35 GHz with an even order band pass filter is simulated and implemented. The receiver has a suitable temperature resolution for the use of hidden object imaging, is integrated and lightweight assembled on one-layer board. It has a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, a noise figure (NF) of 2.2, and a temperature resolution of 0.126 K. The even order filter is implemented based on the substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, with Chebyshev response. The filters are designed at the central frequency of 35 GHz with the bandwidth of 1.5 GHz and one of them has controllable transmission zeroes. The filters are made by printed circuit board technology, employing SIW as resonators, having a high-quality factor of 23.33. Additionally, a triple-stage radio frequency (RF) low noise amplifier has been implemented having the specification of: RF 34.25–35.75 GHz; bandwidth 1.5 GHz; gain >60 dB; NF <2.3 dB, which are better indexes compared to some other works.
Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Graf Franziska , Forster Adrian
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung. Lumbale Rückenschmerzen sind eine klinische Herausforderung. Eine möglichst genaue Diagnose ist sowohl für den behandelnden Arzt als auch für den Patienten wichtig. Mit einer fundierten Untersuchung ist es vielfach möglich, auch die weniger spezifischen Rückenschmerzen (die sogenannten «unspezifischen Rückenschmerzen») einzugrenzen und sie einem klinischen Syndrom zuzuordnen.
Wann braucht der Patient mit Rückenschmerzen eine Rehabilitation?
Authors: Bachmann Stefan , Janssen Björn , Oesch Peter
Published: April 2023

Zusammenfassung. Wenn nach Abschluss der Diagnostik und der Akuttherapie bei Patienten mit Kreuzschmerzen weiter alltagsrelevante funktionelle Einbussen der Aktivität oder Teilhabe nach ICF bestehen, so ist die Indikation für eine Rehabilitation gegeben. Rehabilitation bezeichnet dabei den koordinierten Einsatz medizinischer, sozialer, beruflicher, technischer und pädagogischer Massnahmen, um die funktionale Gesundheit eines Patienten zu optimieren und eine weitestgehend unabhängige Partizipation in allen Lebensbereichen zu erreichen. Eine Rehabilitation ist weiter indiziert, wenn die Rückkehr zur Arbeit gefährdet ist oder wenn die betroffene Person ihre übliche Arbeit nicht oder nicht mehr im üblichen Pensum wie vor den Rückenschmerzen aufnehmen kann. Die bestehenden Funktionseinschränkungen erfordern den Einsatz eines interdisziplinären Teams und eines multimodalen Therapieansatzes. Neben einer funktionsorientierten Therapie scheinen auch Pilates und McKenzie-Übungen gut geeignet im Rahmen der Rehabilitation die funktionellen Fähigkeiten zu verbessern. Passive Massnahmen haben dagegen nur einen geringen Stellenwert.
Forcing Mechanisms Associated With the Destructive Record‐High 2008 Ocean Wave in Toyama Bay
Authors: Nomura Shohei , Taguchi Bunmei , Tamura Hitoshi , Okajima Satoru
Published: April 2023

Swells can cause coastal hazards. A unique example of such hazards is the Yorimawari‐Nami (YM‐wave) events that have been observed once every few years in Toyama Bay in the Japan Sea. Based on coastal in situ observations and hindcast simulations of ocean waves, the forcing mechanism for the record‐high 2008 YM‐wave event is investigated, focusing on the surface winds and the atmospheric disturbances that drove wind seas and swells in the Japan Sea. Detailed analysis of atmospheric mesoscale data along with cyclone tracking and wave spectral analysis revealed that the 2008 event was forced by an exceptionally persistent northerly wind off the Tohoku and Hokkaido regions associated with two successive extra‐tropical cyclones, passing across the Japan Sea and accompanying a well‐defined upper‐tropospheric cut‐off low. The first cyclone generated the initial northerly wind forcing toward the northwest of Hokkaido Island that was aligned with the direction of southward‐propagating wind seas toward Toyama Bay. This initial fetch caught up with the second cyclone, leading to an extension in the area of a large northerly wind component (>12 ms−1) that lasted longer than 24 hr and extended southward due to the southward extension of the cut‐off low with a propagation speed that matches the wave group velocity, reinforcing the initially generated swell.
Inland Water Greenhouse Gas Budgets for RECCAP2: 2. Regionalization and Homogenization of Estimates
Authors: Lauerwald Ronny , Allen George H. , Deemer Bridget R. , Liu Shaoda , Maavara Taylor , Raymond Peter , Alcott Lewis , Bastviken David , Hastie Adam , Holgerson Meredith A. , Johnson Matthew S. , Lehner Bernhard , Lin Peirong , Marzadri Alessandra , Ran Lishan , Tian Hanqin , Yang Xiao , Yao Yuanzhi , Regnier Pierre
Published: April 2023

Inland waters are important sources of the greenhouse gasses (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) to the atmosphere. In the framework of the second phase of the REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes (RECCAP‐2) initiative, we synthesize existing estimates of GHG emissions from streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and homogenize them with regard to underlying global maps of water surface area distribution and the effects of seasonal ice cover. We then produce regionalized estimates of GHG emissions over 10 extensive land regions. According to our synthesis, inland water GHG emissions have a global warming potential of an equivalent emission of 13.5 (9.9–20.1) and 8.3 (5.7–12.7) Pg CO2‐eq. yr−1 at a 20 and 100 years horizon (GWP20 and GWP100), respectively. Contributions of CO2 dominate GWP100, with rivers being the largest emitter. For GWP20, lakes and rivers are equally important emitters, and the warming potential of CH4 is more important than that of CO2. Contributions from N2O are about two orders of magnitude lower. Normalized to the area of RECCAP‐2 regions, S‐America and SE‐Asia show the highest emission rates, dominated by riverine CO2 emissions.
A Novel Population of Slow Magnetosonic Waves and a Method for the Observation of the Roots of Plasma Bubbles in the Lower Ionosphere
Authors: Bennett Charles L.
Published: April 2023

Using data from the Van Allen Probe and Swarm‐Bravo satellites, evidence for a persistent population of slow magnetosonic waves in the ionosphere is presented. Dispersion relations from two‐fluid analyses of waves in warm plasma are used to interpret and explicate these observations. These waves appear to be continuously present and globally distributed. Their amplitudes systematically decrease with increasing altitude. The amplitudes are also correlated with longitude in a manner consistent with the global distribution of lightning strikes. Evidence for narrow resonances in the Swarm data consistent with doppler shifted Schumann resonance frequencies is presented. In addition, nearly dispersionless fast magnetosonic waves are sometimes also seen. A new method for the analysis of these waves suggests they show the existence of “foamy” plasma bubble “roots” at the base of the ionosphere.
Global Dynamical Network of the Spatially Correlated Pc2 Wave Response for the 2015 St. Patrick's Day Storm
Authors: Chaudhry S. , Chapman S. C. , Gjerloev J. , Beggan C. D.
Published: April 2023

We show the global dynamics of spatial correlation of Pc2 wave activity can track the evolution of the 2015 St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm for an 8 hr time window around onset. The global spatially coherent response is tracked by forming a dynamical network from 1 s data using the full set of 100+ ground‐based magnetometer stations collated by SuperMAG and Intermagnet. The pattern of spatial coherence is captured by network parameters which in turn track the evolution of the storm. At onset interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz > 0 and Pc2 power increases, we find a global response with stations correlated over both local and global distances. Following onset, whilst Bz > 0, the network response is confined to the day‐side. When IMF Bz < 0, there is a strong local response at high latitudes, consistent with the onset of polar cap convection driven by day‐side reconnection. The spatially coherent response as revealed by the network grows and is maximal when auroral (SuperMAG electrojet) and ring current (SuperMAG ring current) 1 min resolution geomagnetic indices peak, consistent with an active electrojet and ring‐current. Throughout the storm there is a coherent response both in stations located along lines of constant geomagnetic longitude, between hemispheres, and across magnetic local time. The network does not simply track average Pc2 wave power, it is characterized by network parameters which track the storm evolution. This is the first study to parameterize global Pc2 wave correlation and offers the possibility of statistical studies across multiple events and comparison with, and validation of, space weather models.
Library of Simulated Gamma‐Ray Glows and Application to Previous Airborne Observations
Authors: Sarria D. , Østgaard N. , Marisaldi M. , Lehtinen N. , Mezentsev A.
Published: April 2023

Gamma‐Ray Glows (GRGs) are high energy radiation originating from thunderclouds, in the MeV energy regime, with typical duration of seconds to minutes, and sources extended over several to tens of square kilometers. GRGs have been observed from detectors placed on ground, inside aircraft and on balloons. In this paper, we present a general purpose Monte‐Carlo model of GRG production and propagation. This model is first compared to a model from Zhou et al. (2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.08.004) relying on another Monte‐Carlo framework, and small differences are observed. We then have built an extensive simulation library, made available to the community. This library is used to reproduce five previous gamma‐ray glow observations, from five airborne campaigns: balloons from Eack et al. (1996b, https://doi.org/10.1029/96gl02570), Eack et al. (2000, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999gl010849); and aircrafts from ADELE (Kelley et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8845), ILDAS (Kochkin et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017jd027405) and ALOFT (Østgaard et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030312). Our simulation results confirm that fluxes of cosmic‐ray secondary particles present in the background at a given altitude can be enhanced by several percent (MOS process), and up to several orders of magnitude (RREA process) due to the effect of thunderstorms' electric fields, and explain the five observations. While some GRG could be explained purely by the MOS process, E‐fields significantly larger than Eth are required to explain the strongest GRGs observed. Some of the observations also came with in‐situ electric field measurements, that were always lower than Eth, but may not have been obtained from regions where the glows are produced. This study supports the claim that kilometer‐scale E‐fields magnitudes of at least the level of Eth must be present inside some thunderstorms.
Do Double‐Moment Microphysics Schemes Make Reliable Predictions on the Raindrop Number Concentration?: A Squall‐Line Case Study
Authors: Jin Han‐Gyul , Baik Jong‐Jin
Published: April 2023

Utilizing raindrop size distribution observations in the evaluation of a cloud microphysics scheme helps identifying systematic deficiencies of the scheme and improving it. In this study, we evaluate the performance of seven different double‐moment bulk microphysics schemes in predicting raindrop number concentration Nr in squall‐line simulations using ground‐based disdrometer observations. While all seven schemes show good performances in the prediction of rainwater mass, they show significant biases from the observation and severe discrepancies from each other in the prediction of Nr. The Thompson, Thompson aerosol‐aware, and Weather Research and Forecasting double moment 6‐class (WDM6) schemes, where the main source of Nr is melting of snow and graupel, overestimate Nr by four times, which may be caused by overestimation of Nr production via melting. The Morrison and predicted particle properties (P3) schemes, where the autoconversion of cloud droplets into raindrops is an Nr source that is as important as melting, exhibit negative biases of Nr, which may be attributed to insufficient collisional breakup of raindrops. The P3_Nc scheme, the P3 scheme that prognoses cloud droplet number concentration, shows two prominent modes in Nr distribution, one of which consists of overestimated Nr produced by overly active autoconversion. The ice‐spheroids habit model with aspect‐ratio evolution scheme overestimates Nr but not as much as the two Thompson schemes and WDM6 scheme, showing the most realistic prediction of mean raindrop diameter. The high uncertainty in Nr prediction needs to be reduced by carefully selecting parameterizations for important microphysical processes, in order to maximize the advantage of using double‐moment microphysics schemes.
Modeling TEC Maps Over China Using Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Networks and Long‐Term Ground‐Based GPS, COSMIC, and Fengyun Data
Authors: Shi Shuangshuang , Zhang Kefei , Shi Jiaqi , Hu Andong , Zhao Dongsheng , Shi Zhongchao , Sun Peng , Wu Huajing , Wu Suqin
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a new model for ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over China. The new model is developed using a hybrid method composed of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial neural network and long‐term observations from 257 ground‐based global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) stations and space‐borne GNSS radio occultation systems (COSMIC and Fengyun) during the 14‐year period of 2008–2021. The PSO algorithm is used to optimize the traditional back‐propagation neural network (BP‐NN) model by reducing the effects of the local minimum problem. The new model is validated using out‐of‐sample data, and its results are compared to the BP‐NN, IRI‐2016 model, and global ionospheric maps provided by the International GNSS Service. Results show that TEC predicted from the new model agrees better with the reference TEC than the BP‐NN and IRI‐2016 models. The improvements made by the new model over the BP‐NN and IRI‐2016 models in the equinox, summer, and winter seasons of the solar maximum year (2015) are 4%–20%/20%–36%, 9%–21%/26%–42%, and 6%–22%/21%–43%, respectively, and their corresponding results in the solar minimum year (2019) are 12%–24%/41%–59%, 9%–24%/28%–56%, and 10%–26%/53%–72%. Furthermore, the new model well captures the diurnal evolution, seasonal variation, and variations in the ionospheric TEC under different solar activity levels. It also well captures the mid‐latitude summer nighttime anomaly over China, and the diurnal anomaly is more pronounced in the solar minimum year (2019) than in the solar maximum year (2015) in terms of the nighttime‐to‐noontime ratio and the range of months it lasts in a year.
Glacier Mass Loss Between 2010 and 2020 Dominated by Atmospheric Forcing
Authors: Jakob Livia , Gourmelen Noel
Published: April 2023

We generate a high spatial and temporal record of ice loss across glaciers globally for the first time from CryoSat‐2 swath interferometric radar altimetry. We show that between 2010 and 2020, glaciers lost a total of 272 ± 11 Gt yr−1 of ice, equivalent to a loss of 2% of their total volume during the 10‐year study period. Using a simple parameterization, we demonstrate that during this period, surface mass balance anomaly dominated the mass budget, accounting for 89% ± 5% of the total ice loss. Ice discharge anomaly was responsible for 11% ± 1% of the total ice loss, and 28% ± 2% of the ice loss when excluding land‐terminating sectors. Strong discharge anomaly is found over areas of changing oceanic conditions such as in the Barents and Kara Seas or in Antarctica, and areas fringed by lakes and fjords in Patagonia.
Evaluation of DNA methylation biomarkers ASCL1 and LHX8 on HPV-positive self-collected samples from primary HPV-based screening
Authors: Verhoef Lisanne , Bleeker Maaike C. G. , Polman Nicole , Steenbergen Renske D. M. , Ebisch Renée M. F. , Melchers Willem J. G. , Bekkers Ruud L. M. , Molijn Anco C. , Quint Wim G. , van Kemenade Folkert , Meijer Chris J. L. M. , Berkhof Johannes , Heideman Daniëlle A. M.
Published: April 2023

Background

Host-cell DNA methylation analysis can be used to triage women with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive self-collected cervicovaginal samples, but current data are restricted to under-/never-screened women and referral populations. This study evaluated triage performance in women who were offered primary HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening.

Methods

Self-collected samples from 593 HPV-positive women who participated in a primary HPV self-sampling trial (IMPROVE study; NTR5078), were tested for the DNA methylation markers ASCL1 and LHX8 using quantitative multiplex methylation-specific PCR (qMSP). The diagnostic performance for CIN3 and cervical cancer (CIN3 + ) was evaluated and compared with that of paired HPV-positive clinician-collected cervical samples.

Results

Significantly higher methylation levels were found in HPV-positive self-collected samples of women with CIN3 + than control women with no evidence of disease (P values <0.0001). The marker panel ASCL1/LHX8 yielded a sensitivity for CIN3 + detection of 73.3% (63/86; 95% CI 63.9–82.6%), with a corresponding specificity of 61.1% (310/507; 95% CI 56.9–65.4%). The relative sensitivity for detecting CIN3+ was 0.95 (95% CI 0.82–1.10) for self-collection versus clinician-collection, and the relative specificity was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.90).

Conclusions

The ASCL1/LHX8 methylation marker panel constitutes a feasible direct triage method for the detection of CIN3 + in HPV-positive women participating in routine screening by self-sampling.
Five decades of breeding populations census for 12 species of colonial waterbirds in northwestern Italy
Authors: Fasola Mauro , Pellitteri-Rosa Daniele , Pinoli Guido , Alessandria Gianfranco , Boncompagni Eleonora , Boano Giovanni , Brangi Anna , Carpegna Franco , Cassone Pietro , Della Toffola Mauro , Ferlini Flavio , Gagliardi Alessandra , Gargioni Arturo , Gola Laura , Grattini Nunzio , Gustin Marco , Lavezzi Franco , Maffezzoli Lorenzo , Martignoni Cesare , Musumeci Roberto , Pirotta Giuliana , Provini Ivan , Ravasini Maurizio , Re Alessandro , Riboni Bassano , Tamietti Alberto , Viganò Enrico , Morganti Michelangelo
Published: April 2023

Colonial waterbirds, a major biodiversity element occurring in the core of ultra-anthropized Europe, are ideal indicators of the wellness of inland wetlands. Nonetheless, there is a critical knowledge gap in their trend and population status. We present an uninterrupted 47 years-long dataset of the breeding populations of 12 species of colonial waterbirds (Ardeidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Plataleidae, Threskiornitidae) throughout a 58,000 km2agricultural region in the higher Po basin (NW Italy). A trained team of collaborators censused with standardized field techniques the number of nests of each species at 419 colonies in the 1972–2018 period, summing up a total of 236,316 records. Data cleaning and standardization were performed for each census year, ensuring robust and consistent data. This dataset is among the largest ever collected for a guild of European vertebrates. It has already been used to describe the factors influencing population trends, and still offers opportunities to explore a wide range of key ecological processes such as biological invasions, global change consequences and biodiversity impact of agricultural practices.
Wave dispersion in moderate channel turbulence
Authors: Pilloton Chiara , Lugni Claudio , Graziani Giorgio , Fedele Francesco
Published: April 2023

We study channel turbulence by interpreting its vorticity as a random sea of ocean wave packet analogues. In particular, we investigate the ocean-like properties of vortical packets applying stochastic methods developed for oceanic fields. Taylor’s hypothesis of frozen eddies does not hold when turbulence is not weak, and vortical packets change shape as they are advected by the mean flow, altering their own speed. This is the physical manifestation of a hidden wave dispersion of turbulence. Our analysis at the bulk Reynolds number Reb = 5600 suggests that turbulent fluctuations behave dispersively as gravity-capillary waves, with capillarity being dominant near the wall region.
Elemental bioimaging and transcriptomics reveal unchanged gene expression in mouse cerebellum following a single injection of Gadolinium-based contrast agents
Authors: Richter Henning , Koke Anke , Soschinski Patrick N. , Martin Louise F. , Bücker Patrick , Sperling Michael , Karst Uwe , Radbruch Alexander , Witten Anika , Jeibmann Astrid
Published: April 2023

Gadolinium (Gd) deposition in the brain, first and foremost in the dentate nucleus in the cerebellum, following contrast enhanced MRI, rose awareness of potential adverse effects of gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration. According to previous in vitro experiments, a conceivable side-effect of Gd deposition could be an alteration of gene expression. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the influence of GBCA administration on gene expression in the cerebellum of mice using a combination of elemental bioimaging and transcriptomics. In this prospective animal study, three groups of eight mice each were intravenously injected with either linear GBCA gadodiamide, macrocyclic GBCA gadoterate (1 mmol GBCA/kg body weight) or saline (NaCl 0.9%). Animals were euthanized four weeks after injection. Subsequently, Gd quantification via laser ablation-ICP-MS and whole genome gene expression analysis of the cerebellum were performed. Four weeks after single application of GBCAs to 24–31 days old female mice, traces of Gd were detectable in the cerebellum for both, the linear and macrocyclic group. Subsequent transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing using principal component analysis did not reveal treatment-related clustering. Also differential expression analysis did not reveal any significantly differentially expressed genes between treatments.
Safety and feasibility of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy for patients with spinal infection
Authors: Kilinc Fatma , Setzer Matthias , Behmanesh Bedjan , Jussen Daniel , Gessler Florian , Keil Fee , Kempf Volkhard A. J. , Kessel Johanna , Czabanka Marcus , Prinz Vincent
Published: April 2023

Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is a cost-effective method of administering intravenous antimicrobial therapy. Although OPAT is well established in the UK and US healthcare systems, few centres in Europe perform it. Here we analysed OPAT for the treatment of patients with spinal infections at our institution. In this retrospective study, patients with spinal infection who required intravenous (i.v.) antimicrobial treatment between 2018 and 2021 were analysed. The duration of short-term antimicrobial treatment for skin and soft tissue infections and complex infections requiring long-term antimicrobial treatment, such as spinal bone or joint infections, were analysed. All patients were discharged with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line. Prior to discharge, all patients received training in the safe administration of their medications via the PICC line. The duration of OPAT and the rate of readmission after OPAT were analysed. For this study a total of 52 patients who were treated via OPAT due to spinal infections were analyzed. In 35 cases (69.2%) complex spinal infection was reason for i.v. antimicrobial therapy. Surgery was required in 23 of these 35 patients (65.7%). The average hospital stay for these patients was 12 ± 6 days. The remaining 17 patients were treated for an infection of the soft tissue or the skin and hospital stay for these patients was on average 8 ± 4 days. Gram-positive organisms were isolated in 64.4%. Staphylococcus aureus followed by other Staphylococcus species, was the most common detected organism. After discharging i.v. antimicrobial treatment was given for an average of 20 ± 14 days. The duration of antimicrobial treatment for soft tissue was 10.8 ± 8 days, and for complex infections 25.1 ± 18 days. The mean follow-up was 21 ± 14 months. There was one case of readmission due to treatment failure. There were no difficulties encountered in implementing OPAT. OPAT is a feasible and effective option for delivering intravenous antimicrobial therapy to patients with spinal infections who can be managed without hospitalisation. OPAT offers patient-centred treatment at home while avoiding the risks associated with hospitalisation, with high levels of patient satisfaction.
A CRISPR/Cas9-generated mutation in the zebrafish orthologue of PPP2R3B causes idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Seda Marian , Crespo Berta , Corcelli Michelangelo , Osborn Daniel P. , Jenkins Dagan
Published: April 2023

Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is the deformation and/or abnormal curvature of the spine that develops progressively after birth. It is a very common condition, affecting approximately 4% of the general population, yet the genetic and mechanistic causes of IS are poorly understood. Here, we focus on PPP2R3B, which encodes a protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit. We found that PPP2R3B is expressed at sites of chondrogenesis within human foetuses, including the vertebrae. We also demonstrated prominent expression in myotome and muscle fibres in human foetuses, and zebrafish embryos and adolescents. As there is no rodent orthologue of PPP2R3B, we used CRIPSR/Cas9-mediated gene-editing to generate a series of frameshift mutations in zebrafish ppp2r3b. Adolescent zebrafish that were homozygous for this mutation exhibited a fully penetrant kyphoscoliosis phenotype which became progressively worse over time, mirroring IS in humans. These defects were associated with reduced mineralisation of vertebrae, resembling osteoporosis. Electron microscopy demonstrated abnormal mitochondria adjacent to muscle fibres. In summary, we report a novel zebrafish model of IS and reduced bone mineral density. In future, it will be necessary to delineate the aetiology of these defects in relation to bone, muscle, neuronal and ependymal cilia function.
Prospective single-center study of health-related quality of life after COVID-19 in ICU and non-ICU patients
Authors: Herrmann Johannes , Müller Kerstin , Notz Quirin , Hübsch Martha , Haas Kirsten , Horn Anna , Schmidt Julia , Heuschmann Peter , Maschmann Jens , Frosch Matthias , Deckert Jürgen , Einsele Hermann , Ertl Georg , Frantz Stefan , Meybohm Patrick , Lotz Christopher
Published: April 2023

Long-term sequelae in hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may result in limited quality of life. The current study aimed to determine health-related quality of life (HRQoL) after COVID-19 hospitalization in non-intensive care unit (ICU) and ICU patients. This is a single-center study at the University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Germany. Patients eligible were hospitalized with COVID-19 between March 2020 and December 2020. Patients were interviewed 3 and 12 months after hospital discharge. Questionnaires included the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level (EQ-5D-5L), patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the generalized anxiety disorder 7 scale (GAD-7), FACIT fatigue scale, perceived stress scale (PSS-10) and posttraumatic symptom scale 10 (PTSS-10). 85 patients were included in the study. The EQ5D-5L-Index significantly differed between non-ICU (0.78 ± 0.33 and 0.84 ± 0.23) and ICU (0.71 ± 0.27; 0.74 ± 0.2) patients after 3- and 12-months. Of non-ICU 87% and 80% of ICU survivors lived at home without support after 12 months. One-third of ICU and half of the non-ICU patients returned to work. A higher percentage of ICU patients was limited in their activities of daily living compared to non-ICU patients. Depression and fatigue were present in one fifth of the ICU patients. Stress levels remained high with only 24% of non-ICU and 3% of ICU patients (p = 0.0186) having low perceived stress. Posttraumatic symptoms were present in 5% of non-ICU and 10% of ICU patients. HRQoL is limited in COVID-19 ICU patients 3- and 12-months post COVID-19 hospitalization, with significantly less improvement at 12-months compared to non-ICU patients. Mental disorders were common highlighting the complexity of post-COVID-19 symptoms as well as the necessity to educate patients and primary care providers about monitoring mental well-being post COVID-19.
Rapid adsorptive removal of chromium from wastewater using walnut-derived biosorbents
Authors: Garg Rajni , Garg Rishav , Sillanpää Mika , Alimuddin  , Khan Mohammad Amir , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar , Tan Yie Hua
Published: April 2023

Contamination of water resources by industrial effluents containing heavy metal ions and management of solid waste from agricultural and food industries is a serious issue. This study presents the valorization of waste walnut shells as an effective and environment-friendly biosorbent for sequestrating Cr(VI) from aqueous media. The native walnut shell powder (NWP) was chemically modified with alkali (AWP) and citric acid (CWP) to obtain modified biosorbents with abundant availability of pores as active centers, as confirmed by BET analysis. During batch adsorption studies, the process parameters for Cr(VI) adsorption were optimized at pH 2.0. The adsorption data were fitted to isotherm and kinetic models to compute various adsorption parameters. The adsorption pattern of Cr(VI) was well explained by the Langmuir model suggesting the adsorbate monolayer formation on the surface of the biosorbents. The maximum adsorption capacity, qm, for Cr(VI) was achieved for CWP (75.26 mg/g), followed by AWP (69.56 mg/g) and NWP (64.82 mg/g). Treatment with sodium hydroxide and citric acid improved the adsorption efficiency of the biosorbent by 4.5 and 8.2%, respectively. The endothermic and spontaneous adsorption was observed to trail the pseudo-second-order kinetics under optimized process parameters. Thus, the chemically modified walnut shell powder can be an eco-friendly adsorbent for Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
Scalable continuous-flow electroporation platform enabling T cell transfection for cellular therapy manufacturing
Authors: VanderBurgh Jacob A. , Corso Thomas N. , Levy Stephen L. , Craighead Harold G.
Published: April 2023

Viral vectors represent a bottleneck in the manufacturing of cellular therapies. Electroporation has emerged as an approach for non-viral transfection of primary cells, but standard cuvette-based approaches suffer from low throughput, difficult optimization, and incompatibility with large-scale cell manufacturing. Here, we present a novel electroporation platform capable of rapid and reproducible electroporation that can efficiently transfect small volumes of cells for research and process optimization and scale to volumes required for applications in cellular therapy. We demonstrate delivery of plasmid DNA and mRNA to primary human T cells with high efficiency and viability, such as > 95% transfection efficiency for mRNA delivery with < 2% loss of cell viability compared to control cells. We present methods for scaling delivery that achieve an experimental throughput of 256 million cells/min. Finally, we demonstrate a therapeutically relevant modification of primary T cells using CRISPR/Cas9 to knockdown T cell receptor (TCR) expression. This study displays the capabilities of our system to address unmet needs for efficient, non-viral engineering of T cells for cell manufacturing.
Expansion of mixed immune cells using CD3/CD161 co-stimulation for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Tsumura Ryo , Haruta Miwa , Kuwano Masataka , Yasunaga Masahiro
Published: April 2023

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a type of personalized immunotherapy in which expanded immune cells are administered to patients with cancer. However, single-cell populations, such as killer T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and NKT (NKT) cells, have been generally used, and their effectiveness remains limited. Here, we established a novel culture method via CD3/CD161 co-stimulation and successfully expanded CD3+/CD4+ helper T cells, CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), CD3−/CD56+ NK cells, CD3+/CD1d+ NKT cells, CD3+/CD56+ NKT cells, CD3+/TCRγδ+ T cells, and CD3−/CD11c+/HLA-DR+ dendritic cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy donors; their respective numbers were 155.5, 1132.5, 5.7, 117.0, 659.2, 325.6, and 6.8 times higher than those before expansion. These mixed immune cells showed strong cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines Capan-1 and SW480. Moreover, both CD3+/CD8+ CTLs and CD3+/CD56+ NKT cells killed tumor cells in cell contact-dependent and -independent manners via granzyme B and interferon-γ/TNF-α, respectively. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the mixed cells was significantly superior to that of CTLs or NKTs alone. A bet-hedging CTL-NKT circuitry is one potential mechanism underlying this cooperative cytotoxicity. Collectively, CD3/CD161 co-stimulation may be a promising culture method to expand multiple, distinct immune cell populations for the treatment of cancer.
Monitoring genotoxic, biochemical and morphotoxic potential of penoxsulam and the protective role of European blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract
Authors: Acar Ali , Singh Divya
Published: April 2023

The present study aimed at exploring to explore the penoxsulam toxicity and protective effects of blueberry extract in roots of Allium cepa L. The effective concentration (EC50) of penoxsulam was determined at 20 µg/L by the root growth inhibition test as the concentration reducing the root length by 50%. The bulbs of A. cepa L. were treated with tap water, blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L), penoxsulam (20 µg/L) and combination of blueberry extracts (25 and 50 mg/L) with penoxsulam (20 µg/L) for 96 h. The results revealed that penoxsulam exposure inhibited cell division, rooting percentage, growth rate, root length and weight gain in the roots of A. cepa L. In addition, it induced chromosomal anomalies such as sticky chromosome, fragment, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, vagrant chromosome and c-mitosis and DNA strand breaks. Further, penoxsulam treatment enhanced malondialdehyde content and SOD, CAT and GR antioxidant enzyme activities. Molecular docking results supported the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme SOD, CAT and GR. Against all these toxicity, blueberry extracts reduced penoxsulam toxicity in a concentration-dependent manner. The highest amount of recovery for cytological, morphological and oxidative stress parameters was observed when using blueberry extract at a concentration of 50 mg/L. In addition, blueberry extracts application showed a positive correlation with weight gain, root length, mitotic index and rooting percentage whereas a negative correlation with micronucleus formation, DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, antioxidant enzymes activities and lipid peroxidation indicating its protecting effects. As a result, it has been seen that the blueberry extract can tolerate all these toxic effects of penoxsulam depending on the concentration, and it has been understood that it is a good protective natural product against such chemical exposures.
A systematic review of neurophysiological sensing for the assessment of acute pain
Authors: Fernandez Rojas Raul , Brown Nicholas , Waddington Gordon , Goecke Roland
Published: April 2023

Pain is a complex and personal experience that presents diverse measurement challenges. Different sensing technologies can be used as a surrogate measure of pain to overcome these challenges. The objective of this review is to summarise and synthesise the published literature to: (a) identify relevant non-invasive physiological sensing technologies that can be used for the assessment of human pain, (b) describe the analytical tools used in artificial intelligence (AI) to decode pain data collected from sensing technologies, and (c) describe the main implications in the application of these technologies. A literature search was conducted in July 2022 to query PubMed, Web of Sciences, and Scopus. Papers published between January 2013 and July 2022 are considered. Forty-eight studies are included in this literature review. Two main sensing technologies (neurological and physiological) are identified in the literature. The sensing technologies and their modality (unimodal or multimodal) are presented. The literature provided numerous examples of how different analytical tools in AI have been applied to decode pain. This review identifies different non-invasive sensing technologies, their analytical tools, and the implications for their use. There are significant opportunities to leverage multimodal sensing and deep learning to improve accuracy of pain monitoring systems. This review also identifies the need for analyses and datasets that explore the inclusion of neural and physiological information together. Finally, challenges and opportunities for designing better systems for pain assessment are also presented.
Assessing nocturnal scratch with actigraphy in atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Ji Ju , Venderley Jordan , Zhang Hui , Lei Mengjue , Ruan Guangchen , Patel Neel , Chung Yu-Min , Giesting Regan , Miller Leah
Published: April 2023

Nocturnal scratch is one major factor leading to impaired quality of life in atopic dermatitis (AD) patients. Therefore, objectively quantifying nocturnal scratch events aids in assessing the disease state, treatment effect, and AD patients’ quality of life. In this paper, we describe the use of actigraphy, highly predictive topological features, and a model-ensembling approach to develop an assessment of nocturnal scratch events by measuring scratch duration and intensity. Our assessment is tested in a clinical setting against the ground truth obtained from video recordings. The new approach addresses unmet challenges in existing studies, such as the lack of generalizability to real-world applications, the failure to capture finger scratches, and the limitations in the evaluation due to imbalanced data in the current literature. Furthermore, the performance evaluation shows agreement between derived digital endpoints and the video annotation ground truth, as well as patient-reported outcomes, which demonstrated the validity of the new assessment of nocturnal scratch.
Constructing sequence-controlled heterolayered dendritic lanthanide chelates via a one-pot strategy using orthogonal chemistry
Authors: Yang Zhaoxuan , Lin Haojin , Lin Yaying , Wang Jinzhi , Bu Yifan , Lin Hongyu , Gao Jinhao
Published: April 2023

We report a novel one-pot approach for facile fabrication of sequence-controlled heterolayered lanthanide-ligand dendritic structures (SHELLs) by employing modular building blocks and orthogonal chemical reactions.
Ir(iii)-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of salicylaldehydes with cyclohexane-1,3-diones
Authors: Jiang Qiao-Juan , Min Yu-Tao , Liu Yan-Ping , Li Hua , Peng Jun-Ao , Liu Cong-Jun
Published: April 2023

An efficient Ir(iii)-catalyzed decarbonylative annulation of salicylaldehydes with cyclohexane-1,3-diones has been achieved via the in situ generated iodonium ylides.
Novel germanene–arsenene and germanene–antimonene lateral heterostructures: interline-dependent electronic and magnetic properties
Authors: Ha Chu Viet , Nguyen Thi Bich Ngoc , Trang Pham Quynh , Ponce-Pérez R. , Guerrero-Sanchez J. , Hoat D. M.
Published: April 2023

The optimized atomic structure of a Ge4–As4 (violet ball: Ge and green ball: As) lateral heterostructure with (a) armchair and (b) zigzag interlines.
Position-dependent rates of film growth in drying colloidal suspensions on tilted air–water interfaces
Authors: Abe Kohei , Inasawa Susumu
Published: April 2023

We found a correlation between the film growth rate and its angle θ, which was described by a mathematical expression.
CoMoO4-modified hematite with oxygen vacancies for high-efficiency solar water splitting
Authors: Zhang Gaoteng , Lu Cheng , Li Chang , Li Shuo , Zhao Xiaoquan , Nie Kaiqi , Wang Jiaou , Feng Kun , Zhong Jun
Published: April 2023

A hematite photoanode co-modified with CoMoO4 and oxygen vacancies can synergistically enhance the conductivity and suppress surface-charge recombination to achieve an excellent photocurrent of 4.18 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE.
Synthesis and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma evaluation of salicylic acid-modified indole trimethoxy flavonoid derivatives
Authors: Zou Yang , Lu Na , Yang Xiaoyan , Xie Zhizhong , Lei Xiaoyong , Liu Xingyun , Li Yong , Huang Sheng , Tang Guotao , Wang Zhe
Published: April 2023

Simultaneous inhibition of tumor vasculature and the glycolysis pathway may be a targeted anti-tumor strategy to inhibit tumor nutrient supply.
Recycling expired pharmaceutical drugs as redox materials for efficient and sustainable flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Ojeda Luis , Oliva Jorge , Oliva Andres Ivan , Garcia Carlos Rodriguez
Published: April 2023

We report for the first time the use of pharmaceutical drugs as redox materials to enhance the performance of supercapacitors.
Boosting the fast electrochemical kinetics of Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) via a 3D graphene network as a cathode material for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Shi Kangsheng , Yang Wensheng , Wu Qiaodan , Yang Xingke , Zhao Ruiya , She Ziqiang , Xie Quan , Ruan Yunjun
Published: April 2023

Graphene-wrapped Na4Fe3(PO4)2(P2O7) possesses a large surface area, fast K+ diffusion rate, and high structural stability, achieving excellent electrochemical performance.
The role of Klebsiella populations in preterm infants
Authors: McCartney Anne L. , Hoyles Lesley
Published: April 2023

The preterm infant microbiota is dominated by Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia, Klebsiella or Enterobacter spp.), Enterococcus and Staphylococcus spp. Recent work has demonstrated the development of this microbiota is predictable and driven by simple microbe–microbe interactions. Because of their systemic immaturity, including an underdeveloped immune system, preterm infants are susceptible to a range of infections. Numerous retrospective studies have examined the association of the preterm gut microbiota with diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), early-onset sepsis and late-onset sepsis. To date, no single bacterium has been associated with infection in these infants, but a Klebsiella/Enterococcus-dominated faecal microbiota is associated with an increased risk of developing NEC. Staphylococci aid and enterococci inhibit establishment/maintenance of gastrointestinal Klebsiella populations in preterm infants, though the mechanisms underlying these interactions are poorly understood. Klebsiella spp. recovered from healthy and sick preterm infants display similar antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles, giving no clues as to why some infants develop potentially life-threatening diseases while others do not. The identification of cytotoxin-producing Klebsiella oxytoca sensu lato in the gut microbiota of some preterm infants has led to the suggestion that these bacteria may contribute to NEC in a subset of neonates. This mini review highlights current knowledge on Klebsiella spp. contributing to the preterm gut microbiota and provides insights into areas of research that warrant further attention.
A Complexity Approach to Promoting Within- and Cross-Language Generalization in Bilingual Children With Phonological Delays
Authors: Irizarry-Pérez Carlos D. , Fabiano-Smith Leah , Martinez-Fisher Andrea
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of generalization when treating complex targets with shared sounds in Spanish for a 5-year-old Spanish–English bilingual child with a phonological delay.

Method:

Two complex clusters (/fl/ and /fɾ/) and one additional target (/l/) were chosen for treatment. Intervention sessions were held in Spanish over the course of 1 year on a weekly basis. The accuracy of the treated and untreated targets was monitored using a single-subject case design and was assessed using visual analysis.

Results:

The accuracy of the production of treated targets increased upon administering the intervention. Accuracy also increased for untreated /fl/ targets in Spanish and English, /l/ in English, and untreated /fɾ/ clusters in Spanish.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that choosing complex targets consisting of shared sounds helps promote the generalization of skills within and across languages. Future studies should examine the outcomes of selecting additional forms of complex targets for bilingual children.