bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection in childhood and psychological (mal)adjustment predict forgiveness and vengeance
Authors: Butt Muhammad Mussaffa , Rohner Ronald P. , Zaki Nour M.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated relations between emerging adults' memories of parental acceptance–rejection during childhood and the adults' dispositions towards forgiveness and vengeance, as mediated by psychological (mal)adjustment. South Asian (Pakistani) participants, including 242 (25.6%) men (Mage = 21.69, SD = 2.34) and 704 (74.4%) women (Mage = 21.14, SD = 2.09), responded to the short forms of the maternal and paternal Adult Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaires, the Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire, the Heartland Forgiveness Scale, the Vengeance Scale and a Personal Information Form. Results revealed that memories of both maternal and paternal rejection were correlated with current psychological maladjustment. Paternal rejection amongst women and maternal rejection amongst men predicted the disposition towards vengeance. Maternal acceptance amongst both men and women predicted the disposition towards forgiveness. Paternal acceptance, however, did not predict the disposition towards forgiveness amongst either men or women. Psychological adjustment amongst both men and women mediated relations between maternal and paternal acceptance and the disposition towards forgiveness. However, psychological maladjustment was a significant mediator of the relation between maternal and paternal rejection and the disposition towards vengeance amongst men and women. Implications of the findings and future directions of research are discussed.
Osseous metaplasia of endometrium: An unusual cause of secondary infertility
Authors: Presannakumari Bhanumathy , Pappachan Cyriac , Hassan Jesna , Subhash Roshni
Published: April 2024

Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare entity in which there is presence of mature or immature bone tissue in the endometrium. It is a rare disorder that usually leads to secondary infertility and is frequently associated with recurrent miscarriages and can be rarely asymptomatic. We present the case of a patient with endometrial ossification associated with secondary infertility. The patient presented with excessive vaginal discharge and was undergoing evaluation for secondary infertility. Transvaginal sonography showed a hyperechoic elongated lesion in the endometrium suggestive of endometrial calcification with posterior acoustic shadowing. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was done and the endometrial cavity showed multiple white‐colored, solid, fan‐shaped structures and bony spicules all over the endometrium, which were removed with a hysteroscopic grasper and sent for histopathological examination (HPE). The HPE confirmed the presence of bony trabeculae along with secretory endometrial glands. There have only been a few cases of endometrial osseous metaplasia reported in India and it is usually an overlooked cause of infertility. Although rare, we should consider this as a probable cause of secondary infertility when the characteristic ultrasound features are visualized and that hysteroscopic resection is the gold standard treatment.
Down with the “Homies”: Artistic Expression, Group Identity, and Articulation of Gender in Sub Pop Culture
Authors: Ballard James David , Klein Melanie Connie
Published: April 2024

This article examines the “Homies,” a group of small lifelike figurines primarily sold in Chicano communities around the southwestern United States. After reviewing the genesis of the figurines, this article explores the phenomenon they represent by focusing on three issues: 1) are these popular cultural productions a form of artistic expression? 2) do they function as a means of subcultural identity definition and formation? and 3) their depiction of gender roles. The conclusion offers some suggestions for the analysis of such subcultural by‐products and suggests additional strategies for analysis of their meanings within contemporary popular cultural studies.
Einstein On The Strip: A Meditation on Fame, Fate, and the Laws of (Meta)physics
Authors: Rohatyn Dennis
Published: April 2024

Abstract

“Einstein on the Strip: A Meditation on Fame, Fate, and Laws of (Meta)physics” was presented as the keynote address at the FWPCA/FWACA 21st Annual Meeting, UNLV, March 14, 2009.

Who or what is Einstein? What does his name mean or signify? What does the word Einstein evoke, and how do we respond to seeing or hearing it? Why Einstein, of all people? And just who or what is he, to us? The man and the myth are almost identical. Yet we must give each one its due, without getting them all mixed up. Then we shall see why popular culture cannot be, even for a nanosecond, without both the real and the mythical Einstein: especially in Las Vegas, the fusion of myth and reality, energy and annihilation, miracle of death and rebirth, equating revenue with renewal.
Cuba: Casinos Past, Casinos Future (?)
Authors: Thompson William N.
Published: April 2024

The island of Cuba was the center for casino in the Western Hemisphere for many decades in the mid‐twentieth century. This paper looks at those years and the development of the gambling industry from the early 1900s until the time casinos were closed in 1959 after a political revolution led by Fidel Castro. Castro served as the dictator of Cuba from 1959 into the 21st century. After he died in 2016, he was succeeded in power by his brother Raul Castro. Many interests in the gaming industry, some even from earlier years in Cuba, now see the possibilities of reestablishing some of the 13 casinos that had been opened before 1959. This paper looks at the history of Cuba casinos and the prospects that casino gaming may return to the island.
A Supernatural Tale of Agency, Othering, and Oppression: The Road So Far
Authors: Kemerly Tony , Kemerly Trisha
Published: April 2024

The seventh season of Supernatural is an allegory for the abuse and removal of agency experienced by the person in the fat body. This treatment emphasizes acceptance of societal abuse as the norm. Gaining an awareness of this abuse is the first step toward changing discriminatory behavior perpetrated by those with “normal” bodies.
The Blacksmith
Authors: Moffett Todd
Published: April 2024

One of the earliest literary archetypes is the Blacksmith, a figure who appears in mythologies worldwide. Archaeological evidence of the Blacksmith's trade may go as far back as 5000 BC, and stories about the Blacksmith may be just as old. In some cultures, the smith, the flint knapper, and the potter are inextricably interwoven. Yet the Blacksmith is an ambiguous figure whose inventions both help and harm humankind. Two main storylines surround the Blacksmith, the first being a quest to transform baser materials to gold, and the second being the invention of the Fantastic Machine. As a secondary character, the Blacksmith is often portrayed as the weapons master of the Chief or Warrior or as the craftsman of the gods. One final note focuses on a peculiar physical detail: The Blacksmith is often depicted as crippled or blinded.
Black Belt and Blue Water: The Vigorous Lives and Presidencies of Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt
Authors: Skidmore Max J.
Published: April 2024

The presidencies of these two distant cousins stand out as connected, and especially noteworthy, for many reasons, including physical challenges. TR was a puny child, who built his body to match his mind. He came to practice what William Harbaugh called “virile intellectualism,” and at the beginning of the twentieth century set the tone for the dynamism of America, and for that of the incredible presidency of FDR. Franklin was an athletic devotee of the oceans. He fought back from polio, first to survive, and then in a muscular fashion, to shepherd the nation through the Great Depression, World War II, and to become a world inspiration.
Casting a Wider Lasso: An Analysis of the Cultural Dismissal of Wonder Woman Through Her 1975‐1979 Television Series1
Authors: Boucher Ian
Published: April 2024

Live‐action superhero films currently play a significant role at the box office, which means they also play a significant role in culture's understandings about justice. For the most part, however, superhero films are dominated by philosophies based in irrational fears and stereotypes, perpetuating an antiquated concept of justice that contributes detrimentally to societies around the world. Wonder Woman enriches the pantheon of superheroes by representing restorative justice, which is part of a more comprehensive approach to crime‐fighting, in which mediators work with victims and offenders to try and overcome the roots of crimes and heal communities. This philosophy is merely one among many that could have a place in America's considerations about justice, but it has not developed the same cultural awareness as the capture or murder of the majority of superheroes. This is partially because before 2017, the only time Wonder Woman was in the live‐action spotlight was her 1975‐1979 television series. Despite Wonder Woman's publication in comic books since 1941, a commonly accepted sentiment is that her brand of justice is difficult for a superhero format. However, Wonder Woman's perceived difficulty has largely been the result of society's desire to suppress her over the course of her existence. From 1975‐1979, the Wonder Woman live‐action television series, also known as The New Original Wonder Woman and The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, gave the character's philosophy every reason to take off in the popular consciousness. An analysis of the series reveals a key stylistic link in the development of superhero adaptations between the Batman 1966‐1968 television show and the 1978 Superman film that faithfully and clearly adapted Wonder Woman's philosophy into a mainstream 1970's television format. The series was suppressed, undone, and discredited, with the potential role of Wonder Woman as a figure of justice obscured by her sex, her gender, her feminism, and a perceived threat of sexuality, as part of Wonder Woman's larger impeded legacy in America's embedded culture of misogyny.
Blackening the Frame: Kerry James Marshall's Rythm Mastr
Authors: Anderson Austin
Published: April 2024

This essay argues Marshall is “blackening the frame” with his African‐centric comic series Rythm Mastr. The series is a corrective to the overwhelming whiteness of canonical comics and the silencing and erasure of Black people in American popular culture and fine art. Through the incorporation of Yoruba figures within the superhero genre, Marshall explores Black history and reframes American popular culture towards an African‐oriented future as part of a broader insurgence among Black comic creators.
Harlem's Superhero: Social Interaction, Heterogeneity of Thought, and the Superhero Mission in Marvel'sLuke Cage
Authors: Martin Justin F.
Published: April 2024

The essay extends previous Luke Cage scholarship by analyzing him through a discipline rarely utilized in superhero scholarship: developmental psychology. Using theLuke Cagetelevision series, the author centers Luke Cage's relationship to Harlem. In doing so, the author explores how the relationship can elucidate both the conceptual foundations of morally‐relevant decision‐making and the ways these concepts may be applied in varied and complex social interactions–features of social life relevant to everyday persons as well as superheroes working within a fictionalized neighborhood.
Optimization of single‐needle red cell exchange in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Kearney Lilora , Bosnick Regina , Phillips Haley , Ghio Amanda , Cullen Dierdre , Sweat Lori , Zheng Yan
Published: April 2024

The hypercoagulable state associated with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be challenging for apheresis procedures. Among 62 single‐needle red cell exchanges (SN‐RCEs) performed over a 15‐month period, 4 patients experienced 6 hemolytic events with a discolored plasma layer, elevated plasma/RBC interface in the centrifuge, and accompanying alarms of “Cells were detected in plasma line from centrifuge” or “AIM system detected RBC at top of connector.” The hemolysis originated from the apheresis instrument because samples from the apheresis belt but not the patients' peripheral blood were positive for hemolysis. Further analysis showed the alarms occurred more often in SN‐RCEs (20.4%) than double‐needle RCEs (2.7%), and the hemolysis was probably secondary to clumping. To optimize SN‐RCE, we increased the anticoagulant dosage by changing Inlet/AC ratio from 13 to 8 and lowered the inlet rate to the level comparable to double‐needle RCE. The adjustments were well‐tolerated with no more hemolysis.
Assessing Pharmacogenomic loci Associated with the Pharmacokinetics of Vamorolone in Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Li Xiaonan , Sabbatini Daniele , Pegoraro Elena , Bello Luca , Clemens Paula , Guglieri Michela , van den Anker John , Damsker Jesse , McCall John , Dang Utkarsh J. , Hoffman Eric P. , Jusko William J.
Published: April 2024

Human genetic variation (polymorphisms) in genes coding proteins involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of drugs can have a strong effect on drug exposure and downstream efficacy and safety outcomes. Vamorolone, a dissociative steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), primarily undergoes oxidation by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 and glucuronidation by UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases. This work assesses the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of vamorolone and sources of interindividual variability (IIV) in 81 steroid‐naïve boys with DMD aged 4 to <7 years old considering the genetic polymorphisms of CYPS3A4 (CYP3A4*22, CYP3A4*1B), CYP3A5 (CYP3A5*3), and UGT1A1 (UGT1A1*60) utilizing population PK modeling. A one‐compartment model with zero‐order absorption (Tk0, duration of absorption), linear clearance (CL/F), and volume (V/F) describes the plasma PK data for boys with DMD receiving a wide range of vamorolone doses (0.25‐6 mg/kg/day). The typical CL/F and V/F values of vamorolone were 35.8 L/h and 119 L, with modest IIV. The population Tk0 was 3.14 h yielding an average zero‐order absorption rate (k0) of 1.16 mg/kg/h with similar absorption kinetics across subjects at the same vamorolone dose (i.e., no IIV on Tk0). The covariate analysis showed that none of the genetic covariates had any significant impact on the PKs of vamorolone in boys with DMD. Thus, the PKs of vamorolone is very consistent in these young boys with DMD.
Antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) of SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients exposed to MERS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens
Authors: Thomas Swapna , Smatti Maria K. , Alsulaiti Haya , Zedan Hadeel T. , Eid Ali H. , Hssain Ali A. , Abu Raddad Laith J. , Gentilcore Giusy , Ouhtit Allal , Althani Asmaa A. , Nasrallah Gheyath K. , Grivel Jean‐Charles , Yassine Hadi M.
Published: April 2024

This study evaluated the potential for antibody‐dependent enhancement (ADE) in serum samples from patients exposed to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV). Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) vaccination on ADE in individuals with a MERS infection history. We performed ADE assay in sera from MERS recovered and SARS‐CoV‐2‐vaccinated individuals using BHK cells expressing FcgRIIa, SARS‐CoV‐2, and MERS‐CoV pseudoviruses (PVs). Further, we analyzed the association of ADE to serum IgG levels and neutralization. Out of 16 MERS patients, nine demonstrated ADE against SARS‐CoV‐2 PV, however, none of the samples demonstrated ADE against MERS‐CoV PV. Furthermore, out of the seven patients exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination after MERS‐CoV infection, only one patient (acutely infected with MERS‐CoV) showed ADE for SARS‐CoV‐2 PV. Further analysis indicated that IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 against SARS‐CoV‐2 S1 and RBD subunits, IgG1 and IgG2 against the MERS‐CoV S1 subunit, and serum neutralizing activity were low in ADE‐positive samples. In summary, samples from MERS‐CoV‐infected patients exhibited ADE against SARS‐CoV‐2 and was significantly associated with low levels of neutralizing antibodies. Subsequent exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination resulted in diminished ADE activity while the PV neutralization assay demonstrated a broadly reactive antibody response in some patient samples.
The out‐of‐phase variation of surface air temperature anomalies over northern Central Asia between January and February: The role of intraseasonal variations in tropical convection
Authors: Li Haishan , Fan Ke
Published: April 2024

The out‐of‐phase mode of winter surface air temperature anomalies (SATAs) over northern Central Asia (NCA; 45°–65°N, 40°–100°E) between January and February is investigated in this study. This mode corresponds to warm (cold) SATAs in January (February) over NCA and is mainly modulated by the enhanced tropical convection anomalies over the Maritime Continent in previous late December, associated with MJO phase 4. These tropical convection anomalies can induce anomalous tropospheric Rossby‐wave sources over the North Pacific in late December. The eastward‐propagating Rossby‐wave train, triggered by these anomalous Rossby‐wave sources, can cause negative and positive tropospheric geopotential height anomalies over the Greenland–Scandinavia region and NCA in the following early–mid‐January, subsequently leading to warm SATAs over NCA in January. The negative geopotential height anomalies over the Greenland–Scandinavia region in early–mid‐January can trigger upward‐propagating wave activity fluxes (WAFs) into the stratosphere, resulting in negative stratospheric geopotential height anomalies in late January–early February. These stratospheric anomalies, by triggering downward‐propagating WAFs, can in turn lead to positive tropospheric geopotential height anomalies over the Greenland–Scandinavia region in early February. These anomalies over the Greenland–Scandinavia region can maintain themselves in the following mid‐ and late February by feedback of anomalous storm tracks, and cause negative geopotential height anomalies and subsequently cold SATAs over NCA in February by triggered southeastward‐propagating Rossby‐wave train.
Pilot and feasibility of the SMART IBD mobile app to improve self‐management in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Hommel Kevin A. , Noser Amy E. , Plevinsky Jill , Gamwell Kate , Denson Lee A.
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Access to evidence‐based self‐management support in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a significant challenge. Digital therapeutic solutions can increase access and provide data to patients and providers that would otherwise not be available. We have iteratively developed a mobile application, Self‐Management Assistance with Recommended Treatment (SMART) IBD, that allows patients to access self‐management support and record symptoms and medication adherence.

Methods

We conducted a pilot and feasibility study for this digital therapeutic tool in which patients used SMART IBD for 30 days.

Results

Results indicated that patients rated the app quality as good and accessed the app adequately overall, with some pages being used often. Medication adherence increased over the course of the study and was associated with sleep duration, mood, and stool consistency and blood content.

Conclusions

Overall, this study demonstrated adequate feasibility for the SMART IBD app and initial findings suggest that additional research is needed to explore the potential impact of this tool in clinical care.
Autoimmune hepatitis presenting as severe anemia
Authors: Calley Brandon J. , Polovneff Alexandra , Henry Kathryn , North Paula , Moe David C. , Mack Cara L.
Published: April 2024

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is relatively rare in children. Herein, our case demonstrates a unique presentation of AIH in a previously healthy 18‐year‐old female presenting with a mild cough, fatigue, and severe anemia (hemoglobin 2.9 g/dL). Initial evaluation revealed jaundice and scleral icterus, prompting transfer of care and further testing, which demonstrated severe microcytic anemia, pancytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, direct hyperbilirubinemia, and marked splenomegaly. Concern for autoimmune hemolytic anemia resulted in a delayed diagnosis. The combination of triple antibody positivity (anti‐nuclear antibodies, anti‐actin, and anti‐liver‐kidney microsomal‐1) and liver histology findings confirmed the diagnosis of AIH. Intravenous methylprednisolone was initiated to induce remission. Due to pancytopenia and persistently elevated international normalized ratio, tacrolimus was chosen as the maintenance immunosuppression instead of azathioprine. This case highlights several significant considerations for clinicians, including the importance of a timely clinicopathologic diagnosis, the severe anemia presentation secondary to hypersplenism, and the rare finding of triple autoantibody‐positive AIH.
Investigation of operational fundamentals for vacuum‐assisted headspace high‐capacity solid‐phase microextraction and gas chromatographic analysis of semivolatile compounds from a model solid sample
Authors: Thomas Shannon L. , Myers Colton , Herrington Jason S. , Schug Kevin A.
Published: April 2024

Vacuum‐assisted headspace solid‐phase microextraction (Vac‐HS‐SPME) is a technique used to enhance SPME sampling of semi‐volatile organic compounds. Here, it was combined with a high‐capacity SPME Arrow, which features a larger volume of extraction phase and a more rugged configuration than traditional extraction fibers. An in‐depth assessment of the critical parameters was conducted to achieve optimal extraction of representative compounds from a model solid sample matrix (Ottawa sand). Operational fundamentals investigated included the types of seals needed to create a leak‐free environment under vacuum conditions; the magnitude of the vacuum applied and time needed to activate the Vac kinetics; order of sample vial preparation methods (VPMs); and other standard variables associated with extract analysis by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. When exploring the limits of sample VPMs, results indicated an ideal workflow requires the solid sample to be spiked before sealing the vial, allow the sample to rest overnight, then apply vacuum at a pressure of ‐677 mbar (out of ‐789 mbar maximum possible vacuum with pump and compressor used), exerted on the vial for 90 s. This work provides the necessary workflow for the optimization of Vac‐HS‐SPME sampling of analytes from solid matrices.
Collective influence: How the collection mindset shapes consumer spending and price perceptions
Authors: Ho Cony M. , Wyer Robert S.
Published: April 2024

Collection has become a significant form of consumption in consumers' lives. However, to date, our understanding of the downstream behaviors associated with collection consumption remains limited. Could collection have a more extensive impact on consumers' subsequent behaviors? Across four experiments and one field study, results indicate that adopting a collection mindset can shift consumers' perceptions of price changes, influencing their subsequent consumption. This effect arises, because when consumers possess a collection mindset, they lean towards hedonic (as opposed to utilitarian) evaluations of objects. Consequently, such consumers are less sensitive to price fluctuations, leading them to spend more in subsequent unrelated purchases. Furthermore, two studies demonstrate that the influence of collection consumption on price sensitivity is moderated by the nature of the collection and consumers' motivations for collecting. Given the pervasive role of collection consumption in consumers' lives, this research offers crucial theoretical and practical insights.
More than just your name: Public donations drive inferences of egoistic and altruistic motives
Authors: Chapman Linnéa M. , Valenzuela Ana , Vohs Kathleen D.
Published: April 2024

The present research shows that public (vs. anonymous) donations are viewed as a sign of egoistic motives, such as wanting to impress others. In addition, such public donations also are viewed as a sign of altruistic motives, such as wanting to encourage others to donate. These perceptions inform inferences of donors' communal traits, with egoistic motives suggesting weaker communal traits, and altruistic motives suggesting stronger ones. Inferences of communal traits impact behavior, with stronger communal traits predicting greater charitable donations. In sum, public modes of giving can decrease donations (through inferences of egoistic motives and weaker communal traits) and increase donations (through inferences of altruistic motives and stronger communal traits). These effects occur in the context of $100 and $10 donations (Study 1) and impact real contributions of money (Study 2) and volunteer work (Study 3). Platform managers can strengthen inferences of altruistic motives by communicating that public donations can motivate others to give (Study 4). Together, these findings enhance understanding of how public forms of giving influence others to donate, which has practical implications for donation platform managers.
Toll‐like receptors in health and disease
Authors: Wang Kunyu , Huang Hanyao , Zhan Qi , Ding Haoran , Li Yi
Published: April 2024

Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are inflammatory triggers and belong to a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are central to the regulation of host protective adaptive immune responses. Activation of TLRs in innate immune myeloid cells directs lymphocytes to produce the most appropriate effector responses to eliminate infection and maintain homeostasis of the body's internal environment. Inappropriate TLR stimulation can lead to the development of general autoimmune diseases as well as chronic and acute inflammation, and even cancer. Therefore, TLRs are expected to be targets for therapeutic treatment of inflammation‐related diseases, autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and human cancers. This review summarizes the recent discoveries in the molecular and structural biology of TLRs. The role of different TLR signaling pathways in inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, and even cancers (oral, gastric, breast, colorectal) is highlighted and summarizes new drugs and related clinical treatments in clinical trials, providing an overview of the potential and prospects of TLRs for the treatment of TLR‐related diseases.
Supply chain network optimization for emergency materials considering demand satisfaction
Authors: Huang Jindi , Qian Wuyong , Ran Minghao
Published: April 2024

In order to effectively guarantee the smooth supply of emergency materials under public health emergencies, first, we predict the number of daily infected people based on the modified SEIRD infectious disease dynamics model and accordingly construct the dynamic demand prediction model of emergency materials so as to catch the change rule of the demand for emergency materials with greater precision. Subsequently, under the premise of demand satisfaction, we optimize the supply chain network of emergency materials and embed two insurance strategies in the supply system in advance: multi‐source purchase and buffer production capacity, to enhance the stability of supply chain by sacrificing part of the cost. Next, a bi‐objective linear programming model based on minimizing system cost and maximizing demand satisfaction is proposed with the intention of realizing the design of emergency materials supply chain network, which balances the risk and cost. Finally, through the analysis of the example, we find that compared with the traditional supply chain network of emergency materials, the total satisfaction rate of the supply chain network optimized by balancing cost and risk is increased by 11.70%, while the cost is increased by only 2.04%, which fully verifies the validity of the optimized design of supply chain network of emergency materials.
Depth‐encoding using optical photon TOF in a prism‐PET detector with tapered crystals
Authors: Zeng Xinjie , LaBella Andy , Wang Zipai , Li Yixin , Tan Wanbin , Goldan Amir H.
Published: April 2024

Background

High‐resolution brain positron emission tomography (PET) scanner is emerging as a significant and transformative non‐invasive neuroimaging tool to advance neuroscience research as well as improve diagnosis and treatment in neurology and psychiatry. Time‐of‐flight (TOF) and depth‐of‐interaction (DOI) information provide markedly higher PET imaging performance by increasing image signal‐to‐noise ratio and mitigating spatial resolution degradation due to parallax error, respectively. PET detector modules that utilize light sharing can inherently carry DOI information from the multiple timestamps that are generated per gamma event. The difference between two timestamps that are triggered by scintillation photons traveling in opposite directions signifies the event's depth‐dependent optical photon TOF (oTOF). However, light leak at the crystal‐readout interface substantially degrades the resolution of this oTOF‐based depth encoding.

Purpose

We demonstrate the feasibility of oTOF‐based depth encoding by mitigating light leak in single‐ended‐readout Prism‐PET detector modules using tapered crystals. Minimizing light leak also improved both energy‐based DOI and coincidence timing resolutions.

Methods

The tapered Prism‐PET module consists of a 16  16 array of 1.5  1.5  20  lutetium yttrium oxyorthosillicate (LYSO) crystals, which are tapered down to 1.2  1.2  at the crystal‐readout interface. The LYSO array couples 4‐to‐1 to an 8  8 array of 3  3  silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on the tapered end and to a segmented prismatoid light guide array on the opposite end. Performance of tapered and non‐tapered Prism‐PET detectors was experimentally characterized and evaluated by measuring flood histogram, energy resolution, energy‐, and oTOF‐based DOI resolutions, and coincidence timing resolution. Sensitivities of scanners using different Prism‐PET detector designs were simulated using Geant4 application for tomographic emission (GATE).

Results

For the tapered (non‐tapered) Prism‐PET module, the measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) energy, timing, energy‐based DOI, and oTOF‐based DOI resolutions were 8.88 (11.18)%, 243 (286) ps, 2.35 (3.18) mm, and 5.42 (13.87) mm, respectively. The scanner sensitivities using non‐tapered and tapered crystals, and 10 rings of detector modules, were simulated to be 30.9 and 29.5 kcps/MBq, respectively.

Conclusions

The tapered Prism‐PET module with minimized light leak enabled the first experimental report of oTOF‐based depth encoding at the detector module level. It also enabled the utilization of thinner (i.e., 0.1 mm) inter‐crystal spacing with barium sulfate as the reflector while also improving energy‐based DOI and timing resolutions.
Plain Language Summary: Age‐Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Tsai Do Betty S. , Bender Kaye , Keenan Teresa A. , Palmer Catherine V. , Ross Erin J. , Reyes Joe , Dhepyasuwan Nui
Published: April 2024

The plain language summary explains age‐related hearing loss to patients, families, and care partners. The summary is for any patient aged 50 years and older, families, and care partners. It is based on the 2024 “Clinical Practice Guideline: Age‐Related Hearing Loss.” This plain language summary is a companion publication to the full guideline, which provides greater detail for clinicians. Guidelines and their recommendations may not apply to every patient, but they can be used to find best practices and quality improvement opportunities.
Investigation of mechanical properties and self‐healing efficiency of carbon fibers composites infused with unsaturated polyester vitrimer
Authors: Rizzo Giuliana , Prasad Vishnu , Yasar Miray , Cicala Gianluca , Ivankovic Alojz , Murphy Neal , Latteri Alberta
Published: April 2024

Unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are widely in composite manufacturing, particularly in the energy, wind, and construction sectors. When these composites sustain damage, defects or cracks, several methodologies are employed to heal and repair them to extend their lifespan while reducing environmental impacts. In this work, the use of vitrimeric UPR (UPRv) as a matrix for carbon fiber composite, was investigated in terms of healing efficiency by mechanical and thermal properties. Flexural and interlaminar shear strength tests revealed healing efficiencies exceeding 40% and 90%, respectively. These results were attributed to the transesterification exchange occurring within the crosslinked networks of UPRv. As described in our previous work, the incorporation of “Covalent Adaptable Networks (CANs)” enables the conversion of commercial thermoset (UPR) into vitrimeric resins, thereby providing reprocessing and healing capabilities. Furthermore, a comparison between pristine and healed composites with Mode I DCB and Mode II ENF tests, confirm how the introduction of vitrimer in composite facilitates the manufacturing of a self‐healing product, with a significant recovery of the original properties.

Highlights

Application of a previous synthetized vitrimeric unsaturated polyester resin (UPRv)—fabrication of CF's composites reinforced with UPRv—investigation of the self‐healing property of the developed laminates—potential application as green and sustainable composites.
The temporal transition zone: A gradual approach to a subjective set‐point within the three‐second time window
Authors: Zhao Chen , Mu Nan , Zhang Jiyuan , Bao Yan
Published: April 2024

Even though in physics “time” is considered to be continuous, how the brain and mind deal with time might be different. It has been proposed that in cognition, time windows provide logistic platforms for information processing, such as the low‐frequency 3‐s time window. The following series of behavioral experiments may shed light on the dynamics within such a time window. Using a duration reproduction paradigm, we first replicated a pattern of reproduced duration observed in a previous single‐case study. Specifically, the reproduction increases as the pause between standard duration and reproduction increases, but only within the time window of some 3 s; when the pause goes beyond 4 s, the reproduction reaches a plateau of a subjective set‐point. This increasing phase is named the “temporal transition zone.” Three more experiments were performed to test the features of the transition zone as a low‐frequency time window. It is also observed with different standard durations (2, 3, 4.5 s, in Experiment 2), and even when the frequency of the auditory stimuli was different in standard and reproduction (300 Hz in standard duration and 400 Hz in reproduction, in Experiment 4). The transition zone was observed only with pause durations of 2 to 3 s; when the shortest pause duration was 5 s, the transition zone was no longer observed, and the reproduction was stable at the subjective set‐point (in Experiment 3). Taken together, we suggest that the temporal transition zone indicates a pre‐semantic logistic platform to organize and process the information flow; in such a time window of some 3 seconds, the identity of an ongoing event is substantiated, building the “subjective present.”
Structured benefit–risk assessment for enoxaparin, in the context of its label extension, for the extended treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and prevention of its recurrence in patients with active cancer
Authors: Kürzinger Marie‐Laure , El‐Haddad Chantal , Gouin‐Soboleva Tatiana , Fazekas Zita , Granados Denis , Benito‐Garcia Elizabeth , Djoudi Yasmina
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Guidelines recommend low‐molecular‐weight heparins (LMWHs) for patients with cancer‐associated thrombosis. However, until recently, only dalteparin and tinzaparin were approved in the European Economic Area (EEA) for these patients. This study compares the benefit–risk profile of enoxaparin with dalteparin and tinzaparin for the extended treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), and prevention of recurrence in adult patients with active cancer.

Methods

A semi‐quantitative structured benefit–risk assessment was conducted for the label‐extension application of enoxaparin based on the benefit–risk action team descriptive framework: define decision context; determine key benefit and risk outcomes; identify data sources; extract data; interpret results.

Results

The key benefits were defined as reduced all‐cause mortality and venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrence (including symptomatic DVT, fatal PE or non‐fatal PE); the key risks were major and non‐major bleeding of clinical significance, and heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). Enoxaparin demonstrated comparable effects for the reduction of VTE recurrence and all‐cause mortality versus other EEA‐approved LMWHs (dalteparin, tinzaparin). There was no evidence of a significant difference between enoxaparin and the comparator groups with regard to incidence of major and non‐major bleeding. The data on HIT were too limited to assess the difference between the two groups.

Conclusions

The assessment demonstrated a favourable benefit–risk profile for enoxaparin similar to that of other EEA‐approved LMWHs for the treatment of DVT and PE and the prevention of recurrence in patients with active cancer and thus supported the label‐extension approval.
Use of quantitative bias analysis to evaluate single‐arm trials with real‐world data external controls
Authors: Gray Christen , Ralphs Eleanor , Fox Matthew P. , Lash Timothy L. , Liu Geoffrey , Kou Tzuyung Doug , Rivera Donna R. , Bosco Jaclyn , Braun Kim Van Naarden , Grimson Fiona , Layton Deborah
Published: April 2024

Purpose

Use of real‐world data (RWD) for external controls added to single‐arm trials (SAT) is increasingly prevalent in regulatory submissions. Due to inherent differences in the data‐generating mechanisms, biases can arise. This paper aims to illustrate how to use quantitative bias analysis (QBA).

Methods

Advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) serves as an example, where many small subsets of patients with molecular tumor subtypes exist. First, some sources of bias that may occur in oncology when comparing RWD to SAT are described. Second, using a hypothetical immunotherapy agent, a dataset is simulated based on expert input for survival analysis of advanced NSCLC. Finally, we illustrate the impact of three biases: missing confounder, misclassification of exposure, and outcome evaluation.

Results

For each simulated scenario, bias was induced by removing or adding data; hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated applying conventional analyses. Estimating the bias‐adjusted treatment effect and uncertainty required carefully selecting the bias model and bias factors. Although the magnitude of each biased and bias‐adjusted HR appeared moderate in all three hypothetical scenarios, the direction of bias was variable.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that QBA can provide an intuitive framework for bias analysis, providing a key means of challenging assumptions about the evidence. However, the accuracy of bias analysis is itself dependent on correct specification of the bias model and bias factors. Ultimately, study design should reduce bias, but QBA allows us to evaluate the impact of unavoidable bias to assess the quality of the evidence.
Meaning in life as a moderator of the relationship between bullying victimization profiles and life satisfaction in young adolescents
Authors: Song Jusuk , Smith‐Adcock Sondra
Published: April 2024

Latent profiles of bullying victimization were examined to determine membership information and distinctive buffering roles of meaning in life between bullying victimization groups and life satisfaction. The PISA data set (n = 4695) of 15‐year‐old young adolescents was analyzed. Static predictors of membership consist of gender, immigrant status, parental education, and grade repetition. Latent profile analysis, analysis of variance, multiple logistic regression, and multivariable regression were utilized for a comprehensive understanding of bullying victimization memberships and related outcomes. Three distinctive latent profiles emerged: (a) Stable & Resilient (SR) (75.6%); (b) Mild & Internal (MI) (18.4%); and (c) Severe & External (SE) (6.0%). Immigration, gender, grade repetition, and parental education were found to be predictors of membership in the bullying victimization groups. Males, and immigrants, with higher parental education, and grade repetition experience significantly predicted increases in possibilities of membership in the MI or SE latent groups. Meaning in life has significant buffering roles for bullying victimization on life satisfaction. The moderating effect of meaning in life was strongest for the SE group. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of the implementation and effectiveness of spelling instruction and intervention
Authors: Petersen‐Brown Shawna , Kromminga Kourtney R.
Published: April 2024

It is important for students to develop spelling skills, and spelling skills have been found to benefit the development of reading and writing skills. Past reviews and meta‐analyses supported the effectiveness of spelling instruction at improving a variety of academic outcomes including spelling, reading, and writing. This review and meta‐analysis contributes to this research and extends the current research on the impact of implementation characteristics on effectiveness. This review and meta‐analysis included 81 studies (43 group design and 38 single‐case design [SCD]). The meta‐analysis indicated an average effect of spelling instruction and intervention that was small in the group design research (g = 0.319) and moderate in the SCD research (Tau‐U = 0.578). Implementation and methodological characteristics were described, and the nature of the comparison conditions and dependent variable were identified as potential moderators. A significant sample of research represented a range of participant samples, implementation characteristics, instructional practices, and methodological attributes. These results suggest that experimental spelling approaches are generally a modest improvement on existing approaches and that little research has investigated the effectiveness of some best practices, including practices that support individualization of spelling instruction.
Disrupting prostate cancer research: Challenge accepted; report from the 2023 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting
Authors: Miyahira Andrea K. , Kamran Sophia C. , Jamaspishvili Tamara , Marshall Catherine H. , Maxwell Kara N. , Parolia Abhijit , Zorko Nicholas A. , Pienta Kenneth J. , Soule Howard R.
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The 2023 Coffey‐Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, themed “Disrupting Prostate Cancer Research: Challenge Accepted,” was convened at the University of California, Los Angeles, Luskin Conference Center, in Los Angeles, CA, from June 22 to 25, 2023.

Methods

The 2023 marked the 10th Annual CHPCA Meeting, a discussion‐oriented scientific think‐tank conference convened annually by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, which centers on innovative and emerging research topics deemed pivotal for advancing critical unmet needs in prostate cancer research and clinical care. The 2023 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 81 academic investigators and included 40 talks across 8 sessions.

Results

The central topic areas covered at the meeting included: targeting transcription factor neo‐enhancesomes in cancer, AR as a pro‐differentiation and oncogenic transcription factor, why few are cured with androgen deprivation therapy and how to change dogma to cure metastatic prostate cancer without castration, reducing prostate cancer morbidity and mortality with genetics, opportunities for radiation to enhance therapeutic benefit in oligometastatic prostate cancer, novel immunotherapeutic approaches, and the new era of artificial intelligence‐driven precision medicine.

Discussion

This article provides an overview of the scientific presentations delivered at the 2023 CHPCA Meeting, such that this knowledge can help in facilitating the advancement of prostate cancer research worldwide.
Prediction of cell cycle distribution after drug exposure by high content imaging analysis using low‐toxic DNA staining dye
Authors: Takeuchi Kazuma , Nishimura Yumiko , Matsubara Takayoshi , Isoyama Sho , Suzuki Asuka , Matsuura Masaaki , Dan Shingo
Published: April 2024

Interference in cell cycle progression has been noted as one of the important properties of anticancer drugs. In this study, we developed the cell cycle prediction model using high‐content imaging data of recipient cells after drug exposure and DNA‐staining with a low‐toxic DNA dye, SiR‐DNA. For this purpose, we exploited HeLa and MCF7 cells introduced with a fluorescent ubiquitination‐based cell cycle indicator (Fucci). Fucci‐expressing cancer cells were subjected to high‐content imaging analysis using OperettaCLS after 36‐h exposure to anticancer drugs; the nuclei were segmented, and the morphological and intensity properties of each nucleus characterized by SiR‐DNA staining were calculated using imaging analysis software, Harmony. For the use of training, we classified cells into each phase of the cell cycle using the Fucci system. Training data (n = 7500) and validation data (n = 2500) were randomly sampled and the binary classification prediction models for G1, early S, and S/G2/M phases of the cell cycle were developed using four supervised machine learning algorithms. We selected random forest as the model with the best performance through 10‐fold cross‐validation; the accuracy rate was approximately 75%–87%. Regarding feature importance, variables expected to be biologically related to the cell cycle, for example, signal intensity and nuclear size, were highly ranked, suggesting the validity of the model. These results showed that the cell cycle can be predicted in cancer cells by simply exploiting the current prediction model using fluorescent images of DNA‐staining dye, and the model could be applied for the use of future ex vivo drug sensitivity diagnosis.
Mixed‐Dimensional 2D PtSe2/3D a‐Ga2O3 Heterojunction for Self‐Driven Broadband Photodetector with High Responsivity in UV Region
Authors: Rong Junjie , Liang Huili , Zhu Rui , Sui Yanxin , Pan Yuan , Gong Kaiwen , Zeng Jiexin , Li Wenbo , Lin Shenghuang , Liang Qijie , Chen Hongyu , Mei Zengxia
Published: April 2024

Self‐driven broadband photodetectors have wide applications in the fields of biomedicine, remote sensing, rescue, and mineral exploration with advantages of energy conservation and multiband detection. However, most present broadband photodetectors are suffering from a fast degradation of photoresponsivity in ultraviolet (UV) region. To resolve it, a self‐driven broadband photodetector is proposed based on mixed‐dimensional 2D PtSe2/3D amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) heterojunction considering the high UV responsivity of a‐Ga2O3 thin film. 2D PtSe2 is obtained on a‐Ga2O3 thin film by a simple selenization method directly. The responsivity of the completed device in UV region is about 14 and 172 times higher than that in visible and NIR regions, respectively. In addition, benefiting from the excellent built‐in electric field at the heterojunction and high carrier mobility of 2D PtSe2, photogenerated electron–hole pairs can be rapidly separated. As a result, its rise time (9.36 ms) and decay time (11.27 ms) are much faster than those of the current a‐Ga2O3‐based self‐driven photodetectors (≈100–1000 ms). This work provides a novel building block via a facile strategy for the further development of high‐performance, low‐cost, and energy‐efficient broadband photodetectors.