bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Creating and leading a quality improvement culture at scale
Authors: Mead Elaine , Stark Cameron , Thompson Maimie
Published: July 2024

Current models of health and social care in Highland are not sustainable. The combined impacts of our ageing population, reducing workforce, problems with recruitment and financial pressures mean that the way we provide health and social care has to change. Despite the best efforts of staff, the current ways of working are not matched to future requirements; our models of care are also not as safe as they could be and are no longer sustainable or affordable. Better quality care is safer, more person-centred and can also cost less. By reducing harm, waste and unwarranted variation across the health and social care systems, it is possible to increase quality, and at the same time reduce costs. Embedding new ways of working with front-line staff to make such changes in their practice, however, has been challenging. In this article we explore some of our approaches and learning around delivering and embedding quality improvement at scale during times of significant financial pressures. Maintaining a consistency of leadership to support coaching, as well as rigorous adherence to a chosen improvement methodology we believe are important elements of success.
How to effectively implement operational separation in an integrated financial services enterprise
Authors: Dirk Peterson C
Published: July 2024

The US federal securities laws require broker-dealers and investment advisers to protect the flow of material, non-public information (MNPI) to prevent violations of the securities laws. Barriers are an integral part of the compliance programme at large diversified financial organisations. In addition to addressing issues of insider trading or front-running, each a form of fraud prohibited by the anti-fraud provisions of the US federal securities laws, information barriers also perform operational functions to separate affiliates and business units as a demonstration of independent uncoordinated investment control or power. Separation demonstrates that each affiliate or business unit operates independently to permit disaggregating investment holdings or transactions that might otherwise be prohibited. This paper addresses certain of the operational benefits of information barriers outside of their customary uses for the protection of material, MNPI.
How to use social media to deliver excellent customer service
Authors: Milcetich Jessica
Published: July 2024

Frequently, when brands consider their social media strategies, they focus on using social media platforms to run campaigns, share blog posts or amplify other important messages. Communicating via social media is largely seen as a function of a marketing or outreach team. Social media, however, also offer brands a powerful way to connect directly with their audiences to deliver excellent customer service. Indeed, there is value in providing customers with answers to their questions through the same platform that they themselves have used. This paper will explore how brands can marry both marketing and customer service functions on their social media channels.
Healthcare supply chain resiliency
Authors: VanVactor Jerry D.
Published: July 2024

This paper communicates an idea that supply chain management is an underlying imperative to organisational resiliency within a healthcare setting. Too often organisations seem to accept the obvious as proof and emotional response leads management to believe perceived regularity and commonality is routine. Instead of looking past gut feelings, leaders instead sometimes allow emotionally driven reactivity to drive decision making despite data and other information guiding organisational requirements in other directions than the way a leader feels. Healthcare supply chain practices and process inefficiencies have been routinely discussed through an industry-specific lens. But how often has supply chain management been examined as a catalyst for organisational resilience? Well studied (and well documented) is the idea that the status quo, among healthcare business operations, is no longer affordable or tenable. By design, then, this work challenges the status quo and expounds upon the impact of incorporating multifaceted, multidisciplinary feedback among a variety of stakeholders. Change is necessary and supply chain professionals are going to have to assert themselves, in an effort to be heard, concerning improvement amid accepted operational practices and processes. Contemporary healthcare organisations are entities within an interconnected, interoperable, complex global environment; contemporary supply chains need to be thought of less as chains and more as webs of interoperable processes amid matrixed departments, sections and sub-entities throughout a healthcare environment. There remains a pervasive need, in many instances, to re-examine existent theory related to supply chain management, operations planning and contingency mitigation.
Retail loans and Basel II: Using portfolio segmentation to reduce capital requirements
Authors: Kaltofen Daniel , Paul Stephan , Stein Stefan
Published: July 2024

This paper presents an innovative approach for grouping retail loans into homogeneous risk pools, which adheres to the provisions of the revised Basel II framework. The authors interpret Basel II using an efficient classification tree algorithm (recursive partitioning) and test it on a real data set of approximately 413,000 German auto loans. By classifying loans according to selective predictors of default, it is found that banks may achieve significant savings in terms of a lower regulatory capital requirement. Alternatively, this provides the opportunity to increase lending capacity.
Is an oligopolistic banking system more resilient and at what cost? A study of the competitiveness of the Canadian banking structure
Authors: Ozdemir Bogie , Giesinger Michael
Published: July 2024

The Canadian banking system, like its Australian counterpart, is often credited for weathering the 2007/8 financial crisis effectively. The oligopolistic rent is overlooked, as a necessary price for the resiliency of the system. In this paper, the authors discuss that the resilience was due to the banks’ ability to pass on the cost of the crisis and the following regulations to the end users of their products and services, and their ability to alter products and services to maximise profitability. In a competitive market, positive economic profit is supposed to erode over time, especially following major events such as the 2007/8 crisis. This did not happen for Canadian banks; therefore, arguably, there was an ‘implicit bailout’ in Canada whose cost was not borne by the taxpayers (as in the case of an explicit bailout) but by the end users of the banking services and products (the payers of the oligopolistic rent). This may reoccur in the aftermath of the COVID crisis, and the perceived resilience may win out over competition. The authors also theorise the diversification benefit vs the systemic risk trade-off with an increasing bank size. The diversification benefit can increase, but at a decreasing rate as a bank grows, whereas systemic risk increases at an increasing rate. Therefore, there exists a point where the systemic risk outweighs the diversification benefit as a bank continues to grow. The authors find that the standardised capital regime not only diminishes the banks’ competiveness against their internal ratings-based (IRB) counterparts but also forces them into the riskier segments of the market and diminishes their ability to diversify. The authors make a case that a banking environment that promotes competition is desirable to increase the utility of the system without sacrificing safety and soundness. As a matter of fact, increased competition can increase stability while reducing the undesired implicit public subsidy of private enterprise.
Determination of baggage build opportunity and unit loading device storage requirements within domestic and international airport baggage hall operations
Authors: Bradley Alexandre , Pagliari Romano , Moxon Richard
Published: July 2024

To enable airports and airlines to make best use of the new, fully and semi-automatic robotic baggage processing technologies, it is necessary to improve the utilisation of unit load devices (ULDs). ULDs are aluminium containers of various fixed sizes, as defined by the International Air Transport Association (2004), which can store passenger hold baggage within the baggage hall, the apron or on capable aircraft. This paper develops a model which determines the proportion of baggage that can be loaded into the ULDs of an outbound flight by reusing the same aircraft's ULD's from the inbound flight. The paper investigates the criticality of in-bound aircraft ‘brakes on time’ (the point in time when an arriving aircraft has taxied onto the aircraft stand, stopped and the brakes of the aircraft have been applied) relative to the departure time of the same aircraft on its next rotation, and the effect this has on both the quantity of available ULDs that can be built and the quantity that need to be stored on site. The model produces results for a range of aircraft types which will be useful to airlines and ground-handling operators seeking to make more efficient use of ULDs. More efficient use of these assets will benefit airports because of the potential to free up additional space in airside areas that already suffer from considerable degrees of congestion.
Third and long: Building a sport club brand following a franchise failure
Authors: Desjardins Elise , Macintosh Eric , O'Reilly Norm , Seguin Benoit
Published: July 2024

This research explores what happens when a new sport franchise is granted in a city that has experienced previous franchise failure within the same professional sport league and, in particular, the impact on building the new brand. Through qualitative research with the main stakeholders of the new franchise, this research determines that, while history is an important component to embrace, a new, revised approach that balances both history and a more contemporary sport platform are thought to be significant ingredients towards establishing consumer interest and loyalty within the local marketplace. The findings point to the importance of maintaining semblance to that of colour and star athletes, while demonstrating the impact that a new stadium can have on fan interest.
CBRN preparedness in a small community: How the Isle of Man has integrated responding and support services
Authors: Kirkham Bruce
Published: July 2024

The Isle of Man was not included in the rollout of the UK Government’s New Dimension programme to equip the civilian emergency services for dealing with large-scale terrorist-led incidents. Threat analysis for the island deemed this scenario to be a low-risk, low-frequency event, but one that would have a high impact upon the community, infrastructure and stability of this well regulated and highly successful international financial centre. A practical, pragmatic and integrated approach by the responding emergency services, government departments and volunteer agencies has resulted in the establishment of a credible response capability for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear incidents. This paper details how the initial risk analysis was carried out, and describes the updating of the emergency management plan and the development of the interoperability of the emergency services, including the link between preplanning and operational command. Ongoing training and improvements in disaster management are also discussed.
From dot.com to pandemic: Reflections on how universities respond
Authors: Rich Martin
Published: July 2024

This paper reflects on the parallels between two periods of rapid change in the use of technology and their impact on online learning in higher education. One was the dot.com boom around 1999–2000, and the other the COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020. Both created an imperative to introduce elements of online learning rapidly into existing universities, and to arrange rapid change within institutions where the existing structure and systems often made this sort of change difficult to achieve. Both required implementation of technological and pedagogic approaches which had evolved gradually over the preceding years. Both took place against a backdrop of recognition that it would be difficult to predict the context within which education would take place in the future. Both introduced unexpected, and in some cases unresolved, issues around students’ responses to a changed mode of delivery of education. There were, however, important differences, notably in the triggers for the two events and the extent to which students were familiar with the tools available to facilitate online education. The paper is based on the personal experiences of the author, who was active in both periods, which are used to generate some principles and observations relating to planning online learning during periods of considerable uncertainty
The myth of relationship building
Authors: Walker B. Seth
Published: July 2024

The current economic reality of fundraising in higher education has made it necessary to be closing more major gifts to achieve our fundraising goals each year. At the same time, the industry is working to achieve these goals during highly concentrated campaign timelines. Complicating these two realities is that for the last 20 years, fundraising experts have put a great emphasis on ‘relationship building’. The focus on relationship building has pushed out the amount of time that major gift officers (MGOs) feel they have to cultivate a donor until they can make an ‘ask’. The question is, how can we close more major gifts faster than ever before while taking longer before an ask can be made? By examining sales data, we can see that emphasis placed on relationship building before a solicitation might be a myth, which is impacting our ability to close major gifts. This paper seeks to investigate common MGO types and define ways to quicken the solicitation process to close more major gifts on a faster timeline.
Should airports re-evaluate growth projects in light of COVID-19?
Authors: Hassert Bjorn , Mockett Tom , Preud’Homme Guilian
Published: July 2024

Following several decades of growth, COVID-19 has confronted the aviation industry with an unprecedented drop in demand. As airports are forced to focus on business continuity and crisis recovery, the question arises as to whether they should re-evaluate growth projects. In the short term, whilst the industry focuses on traffic recovery, most airports will be required to pause or reconsider longer-term growth projects involving major new infrastructure. The authors find that opportunities can still exist for airports to proceed with capacity growth projects — even considering the current crisis. Their comparatively low complexity, cost and lead times make capacity interventions involving process and technology enhancements viable alternatives or precursors to physical infrastructure interventions. By referring to a redefined purpose and integrated growth definition, the authors also identify opportunities for airports to continue investing in organisational growth, revenue growth and sustainable growth. This opinion piece further explores critical growth enablers, including customer centricity, change management and collaborative value creation. As airports continue to invest in these growth projects, the industry builds the resilience to overcome this latest crisis, and to thrive in future ones. This paper discusses opportunities for airports to continue investing in capacity growth, albeit with increased focus on targeted process and technology interventions.
Communicating outside the inbox
Authors: Price Stephanie
Published: July 2024

Many organisations use mass email as the main tool to communicate with employees. While email is a widely used and effective means of communication, it should not be the only channel used. It is important to create engaging content and campaigns in order to inspire employees and enhance communications. This paper analyses several case studies from the Johns Hopkins Medicine Marketing and Communications Department to illustrate how creative internal communication campaigns achieved measurable success through the use of a campaign strategy that uses effective, engaging content.
Machine unlearning for generative AI
Authors: Viswanath Yashaswini , Jamthe Sudha , Lokiah Suresh , Bianchini Emanuele
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces a new field of AI research called machine unlearning and examines the challenges and approaches to extend machine unlearning to generative AI (GenAI). Machine unlearning is a model-driven approach to make an existing artificial intelligence (AI) model unlearn a set of data from its learning. Machine unlearning is becoming important for businesses to comply with privacy laws such as General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) customer’s right to be forgotten, to manage security and to remove bias that AI models learn from their training data, as it is expensive to retrain and deploy the models without the bias or security or privacy compromising data. This paper presents the state of the art in machine unlearning approaches such as exact unlearning, approximate unlearning, zero-shot learning (ZSL) and fast and efficient unlearning. The paper highlights the challenges in applying machine learning to GenAI which is built on a transformer architecture of neural networks and adds more opaqueness to how large language models (LLM) learn in pre-training, fine-turning, transfer learning to more languages and in inference. The paper elaborates on how models retain the learning in a neural network to guide the various machine unlearning approaches for GenAI that the authors hope can be built upon their work. The paper suggests possible futuristic directions of research to create transparency in LLM and particularly looks at hallucinations in LLMs when they are extended to do machine translation for new languages beyond their training with ZSL to shed light on how the model stores its learning of newer languages in its memory and how it draws upon it during inference in GenAI applications. Finally, the paper calls for collaborations for future research in machine unlearning for GenAI, particularly LLMs, to add transparency and inclusivity to language AI.
Web archiving: Policy and practice
Authors: Maches Tori , Christensen Marlayna
Published: July 2024

The UC San Diego Library has been collecting and providing access to archived web content since 2007. Initial collections were created on an ad hoc basis, with no highlevel plan to identify websites and content of interest, and there was little documentation of how early collection decisions were made. As time passed, the library’s web archiving efforts increased in scale, and outgrew this informal approach. Efforts were made to standardise web archiving processes and policies via collection request forms and standardised metadata, eventually culminating in the creation of a web archive collection development policy, and collection and quality control workflows and tracking. This article outlines the process of creating these tools, including establishing institutional needs and concerns, evaluating the wider landscape of web archiving policies and norms, and considering sustainable use of available resources. The article also discusses future areas of work to ensure that web content of research and historical interest is captured in full, preserved responsibly, and made accessible even when the original websites have changed or disappeared.
Admissions and advertising: Students’ perception of social media advertising as a recruiting tool
Authors: Huebner Christopher
Published: July 2024

A qualitative study was performed to understand how students perceive, interpret and are influenced by social media advertising during the college search. Students reported that they are open to advertising, expect advertising and assume higher education institutions (HEIs) will engage in business-like activities. Furthermore, they assess the health of HEI brands based on the quality and relevancy of their advertising and interpret frequency and production quality as indicative of education quality. This study focuses on social media advertising in a broad sense.
The path to autonomous driving
Authors: Jamthe Sudha , Sen Ananya
Published: July 2024

We are in 2021, the year many automakers had promised self-driving cars. The reality is that as we get ready to reclaim our mobility that was limited because of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is still no agreement among industry experts on when we will reach full autonomous driving. The pandemic has created a shift in the market drivers, however, influencing the path for consumer adoption of vehicle autonomy, new business models using Level 4 instead of Level 5 and increased digitisation with data and artificial intelligence (AI) in vehicles. This paper analyses shifts in five key market drivers: technology, consumer adoption, business model shifts, data platforms in vehicles, adoption of electric vehicles and advanced driver assist systems (ADAS) features by carmakers, and proposes three potential paths towards autonomous driving.
Black Friday sale at your local hospital: Why health systems must accelerate the development of consumer strategies
Authors: Kirby Thornton , Cameron Neill
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the impact of high-deductible health plans on the healthcare marketplace and explores the evolution of patients into consumers. The authors sample some of the entry-level strategies health systems have employed to attract consumers, then highlight the importance of pricing in the next generation of strategies yet to be widely developed. The paper also draws comparisons to other industries that have been led by market forces to adopt more consumer-oriented business strategies, including commercial airlines. The authors conclude by highlighting several opportunities for health systems to become more consumer friendly, and they offer ideas for consideration.
Safety assurance: Making safety data work for you
Authors: Ayers Scott M. , Crawley Derrick
Published: July 2024

The safety management team is a vital element of all safety-related information, including hazard reports, risk assessments, incident reports and claim mitigation. In accordance with our strategic objectives to maintain a safe and secure facility, we have embraced Safety Management System (SMS) components to operate our programme at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL). The safety data generated from SMS is crucial to the overall goal of developing relevant key performance indicators (KPI) to show the big picture on safety airport wide. ATL is implementing SMS that will provide real examples, lessons learned, incorporating best practices, new methods and processes to enhance operational safety of our airport facility. Airport management need to understand how it can receive, process and analyse various facility hazards to reduce and mitigate risks associated with day-to-day operations. A systematic approach for your safety programmes is a step in the right direction.
How the University of Chester used a sofa and a hashtag to share the real story of their brand
Authors: Bengree Richard , Bodger Adam
Published: July 2024

This case study examines how the University of Chester set about differentiating its offering by creating opportunities for its staff and students to become valuable brand advocates. By creating a common space for stakeholders to share their own unique experiences, the University of Chester found a way to communicate key insights into their brand through emotive and honest storytelling. The case study considers the difficulty in differentiation in UK higher education and the pull towards institutional data and metrics that the marketisation of the sector has created. In trying to find ways to differentiate while sharing core elements of the university’s story, the University of Chester not only created valuable and successful content, but started to learn some important lessons about itself and its stakeholders. The case study concludes with an assessment of the insights that the university was able to gather and reflects on the longevity of standard marketing theory in an age of digital natives and social media.
How will Target 2 Securities affect the European securities landscape?
Authors: Turrell Richard
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an overview of how the European Central Bank’s Target 2 Securities (T2S) system will affect the various actors within the trading value chain. Through a discussion of the benefits and current obstacles, the paper lays the foundation for an exploration of how T2S may change the terms of engagement for market participants, whether they be a part of the market infrastructure, agents facilitating access to that infrastructure or users of it. In particular, the paper considers the impact on national central securities depositories (CSDs) and concludes that the market must not pursue cost reduction at all costs. The health and efficiency of the financial system is important, but its ability to withstand systemic shock is paramount. A balanced, market-wide view of how to ensure longevity of robust risk management and scalable systemic resilience must be found.
The business case for ransomware exercises for business and technology teams
Authors: Weber Jaeson A. , Mathews Vanessa V.
Published: July 2024

Ransomware attacks are increasing in complexity, scope and frequency. These attacks have had mounting impacts on critical global infrastructures and populations, with significant financial ramifications. This paper underscores the business case for the investment and execution of preparedness efforts to increase the readiness and resilience of business and technology teams. It begins by exploring the present characteristics of ransomware and the landscape of organisational preparedness, as described in various reports cataloguing current and forecasted trends in the field. This is supported by a commentary on recent noteworthy ransomware attacks. Emergency management, crisis management and general business development strategies are then merged to inform and offer actionable solutions for immediate implementation. The paper describes a systematic approach that provides opportunities to embed ransomware preparedness efforts into broader organisational strategies and goals. The business case concludes that investment in ransomware exercises offers additional benefits to organisations and companies, including employee retention and goal attainment.
Local government interventions to stimulate industrial area intensification and co-location: Industrial urbanism
Authors: Atkinson Judith
Published: July 2024

In response to ever-increasing volumes of online retail activity, pressure to provide space for urban service companies in our core cities continues to build. Successful high-density city living relies on a balanced supply of premises suitable and affordable to relatively unglamorous but essential operations, not least ‘last mile’ deliveries. There has been a sustained outmigration of occupiers from industrial zones close to urban centres, however, leaving this land at risk of redevelopment for higher-value activities. Many UK cities feature long-established industrial estates close to high-value city fringes that now look and feel incongruous as the surrounding urban context has transformed. Tensions are highest in London, where the Greater London Authority (GLA) has commissioned specialist research that can act both as an early warning and inspiration to others. The missing catalysts are early-adopter exemplar property developments that demonstrate the commercial viability of new mixed-use property typologies suited to these intensifying market challenges. This is a role only likely to be fulfilled by the public sector. To do so would demonstrate proactive place leadership. Local and regional authorities can analyse market failure in the supply of property formats required by identified growth sector enterprises. Value heat maps will identify areas of greatest market tension for priority interventions. Proactive business relocation plans should embrace council owned stock and be delivered in cooperation with neighbouring authorities within single economic markets. Specialist commercial property and architectural expertise will be needed to build financial models to test the investment case of new format projects. Action plans should critique alternative delivery mechanisms. This paper discusses industrial area estates and the role of local government.
Who pays more to use cash?
Authors: Mazzotta Benjamin D. , Chakravorti Bhaskar
Published: July 2024

Cash is the only retail payment system that requires no system of accounts for counterparties to transact. The only record of its possession is its tangible presence. Any two parties that can meet face to face can exchange cash without worrying about payment clearing and settlement, default risk, payment fraud, identity theft or systemic risk. But cash has a number of hidden costs that fall disproportionately on the poor and disenfranchised. While the rich pay minimally for accessing cash, the poor and certain demographic groups bear a disproportionate portion of the cost to access cash. Nearly all households get cash from financial institutions, withdrawing bank balances and cashing pay cheques. Households with poor financial access are more likely to make purchases and pay bills in cash, requiring higher cash balances and greater risk. And after years of cash payments leave poor documentation of creditworthiness, cash-heavy households will face higher borrowing costs in the future. This paper explains which US households bear the greater portion of the costs and risks of cash. In the context of comparisons with more evenly cash-dependent economies, such as the emerging markets, the disproportionate spreading of the burden of the cost of cash in the US is even more worrying.
Chasing shadows? The FCA and the measurement of ‘culture’
Authors: Pitts Gary , Grourk Terry
Published: July 2024

Culture is the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA’s) key theme. In the acknowledged absence of any specific rule-making powers over culture and the FCA’s desire for firms to be able to demonstrate that they have an appropriate culture conducive to producing the FCA’s desired outcomes, senior management faces a very real practical problem, regardless of how good the firm’s culture is. Demonstrating the existence of a culture that is intangible and monitoring it is a practical problem. This paper examines the regulatory background and how this problem might be effectively overcome.
Implementing business continuity effectively within the UK National Health Service
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Molyneux Helen
Published: July 2024

Whereas major incident planning is very well established within National Health Service (NHS) organisations in the UK, business continuity management (BCM) planning, in many cases, is a relatively new activity; however, a combination of factors including the emergence of H1N1 influenza, has led to growing interest in the subject. This paper draws on both the personal experience of the authors and published research in relevant fields to make a number of specific recommendations about the effective implementation of BCM within NHS organisations. These include the need to define the BCM project properly; conduct a thorough business impact analysis considering ‘back office’ as well as clinical activities; define suitable command and control arrangements with clear delegated authority; and support plan development with appropriate training.
Multi-versioned media at scale
Authors: Devlin Bruce
Published: July 2024

More video content is viewed today than ever before, but with more devices, more choice, more platforms and a fragmented viewing market, how does a content owner use media asset management (MAM) to improve their business? Interoperable Mastering Format (IMF) is an emerging standard from the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE). By combining rich metadata about media titles along with metadata fields optimised for process automation, it provides an excellent framework for MAM-driven media workflows. This paper examines how MAM integration can help facilities use IMF to create efficient, scalable versioning workflows.
Airborne laser surveys for expediting airport obstruction mapping
Authors: Uddin Waheed , Willis Catherine Colby
Published: July 2024

Airport obstruction survey data are used to prepare aeronautical charts and develop instrument approach procedures including satellite-based navigation. The airport's obstruction identification surfaces are used to identify obstacles, including treetops, cell towers, poles, construction cranes, other tall structures and elevated terrain. Non-intrusive daytime and night-time operations and computationally efficient data processing are major strengths of airborne laser surveys, compared with traditional photogrammetry. This paper reviews many airport obstruction surveys conducted commercially using more efficient and cost-competitive airborne laser surveys.
Changes in regional airport landscapes will affect all parties involved and steps should be taken to cope with the new reality
Authors: Kukemelk Sven
Published: July 2024

The average size of regional aircraft has been growing steadily for the past 20 years and is expected to continue as airframe manufacturers are designing even bigger regional aircraft. This trend as such is logical as new narrow-bodies are also growing in size, meaning that feeders would also have to be bigger and provide more seats. Moreover, the demographic situation in Europe is changing in the opposite direction, with an ageing population and migration moving towards bigger cities. In addition, strong investments in railway and highway infrastructure and EU state aid rules limit the future potential of regional air services. How will airlines and airports cope with this new reality, taking into account the fact that smaller aircraft are no longer being produced? The way forward might be to consolidate and to begin consultations with airlines and tourist boards as to how to maintain accessibility.
Financial crime compliance principles in the securities custody business
Authors: Cherel Yannick , Goffard Olivier , Gem Mark , González Pérez Marta
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to introduce the reader to the purpose and content of the International Securities Services Association (ISSA) Financial Crime Compliance Principles (FCCP). The FCCP aim to become the standard in financial crime prevention across the securities industry. The Principles particularly address the risks resulting from the many layers of intermediation between the issuer and final beneficial owners, taking into account the cross-border nature of the industry. The FCCP provide guidance to custodians on how to implement adequate controls on assets holdings, and not only on the execution of transactions. Recognising that different account structures are used for holding securities interests, the FCCP propose that the due diligence performed at the account level is proportionate to the risk of the account structure used and make the distinction between proprietary accounts, segregated third party accounts and omnibus accounts. A significant aspect of the FCCP is that they foresee that custodians communicate their due diligence standards to its clients (account holders in ISSA terminology) and has to obtain contractual commitment that they will be complied with. The Principles go even further and require the custodian to compel the account holders to apply the FCCP to their clients, thereby creating a virtuous circle and increasing transparency along the custody chain.
Buzz marketing: Examining the effect of online reviews on purchase consideration
Authors: Pandey Praveen Kumar , Dhaliwal Amandeep
Published: July 2024

Buzz marketing is a novel and interesting approach in the service industry that generates interest and excitement about a product or service through word-of-mouth promotion and viral marketing, rather than relying solely on traditional advertising methods. This study investigates the impact of online reviews on the sales of various products and services. To do this, a sample of 410 participants was drawn from a diverse group of customers living in Delhi and the National Capital Region of India. Both primary and secondary data collection methods were used to gather data, and a closed-ended questionnaire was administered to collect information. The study found that online review quality and reviewer characteristics significantly impact consumer attitudes and purchase intentions, with individual consumer characteristics acting as a negative moderator. These results have important implications for businesses looking to improve sales through online reviews. The originality and value of this study lies in its examination of the relationship between online reviews, review quality and reviewer characteristics on consumer attitudes and purchase intentions. By understanding these relationships, businesses can improve their online reputation and increase sales by focusing on high-quality reviews and maintaining the credibility and reputation of their reviewers.
EU airport policy: Recent developments
Authors: Calleja Daniel
Published: July 2024

This paper summarises the ‘airport package’ presented by the European Commission on 24th January, 2007. The package consists of the Communication on Airport Capacity, Efficiency and Safety in Europe, the Proposal for a Directive on Airport Charges, and a report on the implementation of the Directive on groundhandling. It also outlines the importance of efficient slot allocation at European airports. The action plan described in ‘Airport Capacity, Efficiency and Safety in Europe’ aims to identify areas where EU member states can work together to meet future challenges on airport capacity, and outlines five measures to improve the capacity of the European airport system. The measures are built upon existing EU initiatives such as the Single European Sky programme to reform the architecture of European air traffic control, and the European navigation satellite system, Galileo. The Proposal for a Directive on Airport Charges will structure the discussions on airport charges between airlines and airports. The Proposal is based on three ICAO-principles: non-discrimination, transparency and consultation. The report on groundhandling confirms that the Directive on groundhandling has improved the functioning of the market in groundhandling services at European airports. Slot allocation will continue to play an important role in accommodating the forecast increase in traffic at European airports.
Lessons learned from the California fire season: Behind the lens
Authors: Carey Dana , Garcia Isamar
Published: July 2024

Wildfires in California have been progressively increasing in duration, intensity and frequency. In response, a number of best practices have been developed for mitigating and responding to fires within the state. This paper describes the lessons learned within core capabilities and describes current practices. Reflections are offered as a consideration and should not be interpreted as standards of practice.
Aviation security: An evaluation of the ‘opt-out’ option for airport operators
Authors: Sweet Kathleen M. , Woyat Charles J. , Koblinski Denise M. , Bramhall Deborah A.
Published: July 2024

Aviation regulation began in 1925 with the passage of the Postal Act and the Air Commerce Act. It advanced in 1958 with the passage of the Federal Aviation Act, and was subsequently amended in the early 1970s after a rash of hijackings. It was not until the catastrophic events of September 11th, 2001 that aviation security had dramatic change. As part of that sweeping change, Congress mandated a programme to allow airports to opt out of the newly formed Transportation Security Administration (TSA)'s federal screening workforce and instead utilise private contractors. This study evaluated the comparability of the federal versus private workforces and the perception of the ‘opt-out’ option by the airport operators. It was found that many airport operators had established good relationships with TSA management and felt that bringing in outside contractors was unwarranted, while others were concerned about legal or financial ramifications. Overall, the study determined that if the private contractors were able to provide their services at the costs promised, then the ‘opt-out’ option would be a viable way potentially to reduce government cost and would help to stabilise TSA's budget while maintaining the security standards required after the 9/11 terrorist attacks.
Reverse logistics: No longer the cost of doing business
Authors: Augustine Amy , Fulghum Steven
Published: July 2024

U.S. Cellular Reverse Logistics has successfully shifted the paradigm of product returns being viewed as the cost of doing business to one that recognises and maximises the value that lies within returned assets. By launching an integrated reverse business planning process, capitalising on the concept of the circular supply chain and building dimensional intelligence to ascertain total cost of return asset acquisition, U.S. Cellular has proven that through building internal intelligence, establishing visibility into its returns ecosystem and optimising its reselling processes and disintermediating its resale supply base, it can improve the velocity of returned assets, maintain optimal in-stock levels of returns for after-sales service demand and maximise asset revenue recovery. The results from executing this dimensional strategy were so significant that the U.S. Cellular C-suite better understands how a sharp focus on the reverse logistics function, within a circular supply chain, generates value by positively impacting the bottom line. This paper is a case study as to how U.S. Cellular’s reverse logistics function evolved far beyond deflection strategies to lessen losses inherent to product returns. The reverse logistics function developed a multi-faceted, cross-functionally supported strategy that delivered end-to-end visibility of returned assets, the ability to plan and, thus, predict returned asset timeliness and volume and a data-driven competency incorporating these factors to accurately calculate cost and value for dispositioning returns. The resulting paradigm changed from returns being a cost of doing business to one that seeks to maximise value in all aspects of the reverse ecosystem.
Airport choice in Germany: New empirical evidence of the 2003 German air traveller survey
Authors: Wilken Dieter , Berster Peter , Gelhausen Marc
Published: July 2024

The paper deals with the quantitative relationship between the number of air travellers in a region and the airports chosen in Germany in 2003. The paper presents results of an analysis of airport choice behaviour of total air passenger demand in Germany, based on data from the German air traveller survey conducted at 17 international and five regional airports. Approximately 210,000 passengers were interviewed about their trip origin, destination, choice of travel mode to the airport, purpose of their journey and further related journey and personal attributes. As a result of analysing these data, the distribution of airports chosen by passengers coming from different regions in Germany can be shown in relation to the journey purpose and destination. Based on these data, logit models have been calibrated for each market segment to forecast airport choice in relation to the accessibility and attractiveness of airports. The research in the present paper is intended to describe the formulation, estimation and application of an airport choice model by market segment for use in a subsequent paper.
Getting the balance right: Crypto, stablecoin and central bank digital currency
Authors: Bolt Wilko , Lubbersen Vera , Wierts Peter
Published: July 2024

The rise of new forms of private money is reviving a long-standing debate on the appropriate balance between private and public interests in money and payments. This paper provides an integrated policy analysis of various digital assets that may function as money, namely, bank deposits, non-backed cryptos, stablecoins and central bank digital currency (CBDC). This paper argues that public and private money need to coexist in order to get the best of both worlds, that is, trust and innovation. Getting the balance right, however, is no easy task. It requires a digital update of public money and the effective regulation of cryptos and stablecoins. This paper argues that convertibility between public and private money should be a leading principle both for the design of CBDC and for the regulation of stablecoins with the potential to be widely adopted as a means of payment.
The information economy is dead: What CMOs should do now
Authors: Raj Zain
Published: July 2024

We are entering the third wave of marketing. The Attention Economy gave us the rise of brands and mass advertising. The Information Economy provided technology and big data. Marketers who want to be successful in the Insight Economy™ cannot rely on the strategies and tactics that were effective in those times. They must focus on six areas. One, continue to put customers first by understanding what they really want – not just what they say – so they will take action. Two, build trust, respect and loyalty on both sides. Three, create innovations that disrupt customer expectations and the market. Four, develop hyper evolutions of products and services, not just incremental improvements. Five, share authentic values with customers. Six, combine business and brand – truly bonding with customers. TXU Energy offers a unique example of how this model works, while Weight Watchers presents a cautionary tale. Markete
Trust your instincts? The challenges of surveying historic buildings
Authors: Carroll Spencer
Published: July 2024

This paper is concerned with the challenges of surveying historic buildings and the various ways that these buildings have been occupied and changed over their lifetime. It considers the unusual use of sgraffito on a London building and records for bomb-damaged properties in London.
Putting public value at the heart of cultural excellence: Exploring a transformational journey of workplace strategy at the BBC
Authors: Kane Chris
Published: July 2024

The arrival of a new Director General and Chairman of the BBC Trust in 2004, together with the eighth BBC Charter, which came into operation from 1st January, 2007, heralded a new era for the BBC and prompted a fresh approach to the property portfolio. The Charter, which runs for ten years, contained a number of new commitments that aimed to redefine the Corporation's role as a public service provider. BBC Workplace is playing a pivotal role in supporting the BBC's efforts to deliver public value. This paper outlines the transformational journey taken by BBC Property/BBC Workplace to develop an intelligent real estate strategy that empowers the Corporation to deliver high-quality, original content, drive innovation, support challenging new technologies and engage a global audience. Today, the BBC's real estate portfolio comprises 207 properties and 571,000m2 of space across the UK. Over the last decade, the BBC Property/BBC Workplace teams have focused on an intense programme of portfolio optimisation to deliver the Corporation's vision of ‘public value’, while ensuring flexibility and innovation to attract and retain the best creative talent. This paper will explore lessons learned from four milestone projects in the BBC Property/BBC Workplace journey towards a new, more intelligent, real estate strategy.