bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation on the multiple dipolarization fronts in the magnetotail
Authors: Lu Haoyu , Li Yun , Cao Jinbin , Ge Yasong , Zhang Tielong , Yu Yiqun
Published: October 2017

Using an extended MHD model including the Hall effect and finite Larmor radius effect, we reproduce multiple dipolarization fronts (DFs) associated with the interchange instability in the braking region of bursty bulk flow in the plasma sheet. Our simulations reveal that the multiple DFs produced by the interchange instability are “growing” type DFs because the maximum plasma flow speeds are behind the fronts. Both the earthward and tailward moving DFs can be produced by interchange instability in the near-Earth region. The Hall electric field is the dominant electric field component in the dip region and the DF layer. The convective and the electron pressure gradient electric field components are smaller. The sharp Bz changes in both the dip region and DF layer correspond to the oppositely directed currents that are primarily associated with electrons. The ion diamagnetic current due to the strong ion pressure gradient causes an intense downward current in the dip region, which can produce the dip ahead of the front. The energy dissipations in the dip region and DF layer are dominated by ions through the work done by the Lorentz force. Our simulation results indicate that the magnetic energy can be converted to plasmas on the DF layer, and vice versa in the dip region.
Determination of LEDs degradation with entropy generation rate
Authors: Cuadras Angel , Yao Jiaqiang , Quilez Marcos
Published: October 2017

We propose a method to assess the degradation and aging of light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on irreversible entropy generation rate. We degraded several LEDs and monitored their entropy generation rate (Ṡ) in accelerated tests. We compared the thermoelectrical results with the optical light emission evolution during degradation. We find a good relationship between aging and Ṡ (t), because Ṡ is both related to device parameters and optical performance. We propose a threshold of Ṡ (t) as a reliable damage indicator of LED end-of-life that can avoid the need to perform optical measurements to assess optical aging. The method lays beyond the typical statistical laws for lifetime prediction provided by manufacturers. We tested different LED colors and electrical stresses to validate the electrical LED model and we analyzed the degradation mechanisms of the devices.
Communication: Relaxation-limited electronic currents in extended reservoir simulations
Authors: Gruss Daniel , Smolyanitsky Alex , Zwolak Michael
Published: October 2017

Open-system approaches are gaining traction in the simulation of charge transport in nanoscale and molecular electronic devices. In particular, “extended reservoir” simulations, where explicit reservoir degrees of freedom are present, allow for the computation of both real-time and steady-state properties but require relaxation of the extended reservoirs. The strength of this relaxation, γ, influences the conductance, giving rise to a “turnover” behavior analogous to Kramers turnover in chemical reaction rates. We derive explicit, general expressions for the weak and strong relaxation limits. For weak relaxation, the conductance increases linearly with γ and every electronic state of the total explicit system contributes to the electronic current according to its “reduced” weight in the two extended reservoir regions. Essentially, this represents two conductors in series—one at each interface with the implicit reservoirs that provide the relaxation. For strong relaxation, a “dual” expression-one with the same functional form-results, except now proportional to 1/γ and dependent on the system of interest’s electronic states, reflecting that the strong relaxation is localizing electrons in the extended reservoirs. Higher order behavior (e.g., γ2 or 1/γ2) can occur when there is a gap in the frequency spectrum. Moreover, inhomogeneity in the frequency spacing can give rise to a pseudo-plateau regime. These findings yield a physically motivated approach to diagnosing numerical simulations and understanding the influence of relaxation, and we examine their occurrence in both simple models and a realistic, fluctuating graphene nanoribbon.
Compressed representation of dispersion interactions and long-range electronic correlations
Authors: Gonthier Jérôme F. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: October 2017

The description of electron correlation in quantum chemistry often relies on multi-index quantities. Here, we examine a compressed representation of the long-range part of electron correlation that is associated with dispersion interactions. For this purpose, we perform coupled-cluster singles and doubles (CCSD) computations on localized orbitals, and then extract the portion of CCSD amplitudes corresponding to dispersion energies. Using singular value decomposition, we uncover that a very compressed representation of the amplitudes is possible in terms of occupied-virtual geminal pairs located on each monomer. These geminals provide an accurate description of dispersion energies at medium and long distances. The corresponding virtual orbitals are examined by further singular value decompositions of the geminals. We connect each component of the virtual space to the multipole expansion of dispersion energies. Our results are robust with respect to basis set change and hold for systems as large as the benzene-methane dimer. This compressed representation of dispersion energies paves the way to practical and accurate approximations for dispersion, for example, in local correlation methods.
A ReaxFF-based molecular dynamics study of the mechanisms of interactions between reactive oxygen plasma species and the Candida albicans cell wall
Authors: Zhao T. , Shi L. , Zhang Y. T. , Zou L. , Zhang L.
Published: October 2017

Atmospheric pressure non-equilibrium plasmas have attracted significant attention and have been widely used to inactivate pathogens, yet the mechanisms underlying the interactions between plasma-generated species and bio-organisms have not been elucidated clearly. In this paper, reactive molecular dynamics simulations are employed to investigate the mechanisms of interactions between reactive oxygen plasma species (O, OH, and O2) and β-1,6-glucan (a model for the C. albicans cell wall) from a microscopic point of view. Our simulations show that O and OH species can break structurally important C-C and C-O bonds, while O2 molecules exhibit only weak, non-bonded interactions with β-1,6-glucan. Hydrogen abstraction from hydroxyl or CH groups occurs first in all bond cleavage mechanisms. This is followed by a cascade of bond cleavage and double bond formation events. These lead to the destruction of the fungal cell wall. O and OH have similar effects related to their bond cleavage mechanisms. Our simulation results provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms underlying the interactions between reactive oxygen plasma species and the fungal cell wall of C. albicans at the atomic level.
Basins of distinct asymptotic states in the cyclically competing mobile five species game
Authors: Kim Beomseok , Park Junpyo
Published: October 2017

We study the dynamics of cyclic competing mobile five species on spatially extended systems originated from asymmetric initial populations and investigate the basins for the three possible asymptotic states, coexistence of all species, existences of only two independent species, and the extinction. Through extensive numerical simulations, we find a prosperous dependence on initial conditions for species biodiversity. In particular, for fixed given equal densities of two relevant species, we find that only five basins for the existence of two independent species exist and they are spirally entangled for high mobility. A basin of coexistence is outbreaking when the mobility parameter is decreased through a critical value and surrounded by the other five basins. For fixed given equal densities of two independent species, however, we find that basin structures are not spirally entangled. Further, final states of two independent species are totally different. For all possible considerations, the extinction state is not witnessed which is verified by the survival probability. To provide the validity of basin structures from lattice simulations, we analyze the system in mean-field manners. Consequently, results on macroscopic levels are matched to direct lattice simulations for high mobility regimes. These findings provide a good insight into the fundamental issue of the biodiversity among many species than previous cases.
A hidden variable in shear transformation zone volume versus Poisson’s ratio relation in metallic glasses
Authors: Kim S. Y. , Oh H. S. , Park E. S.
Published: October 2017

Herein, we elucidate a hidden variable in a shear transformation zone (STZ) volume (Ω) versus Poisson’s ratio (ν) relation and clarify the correlation between STZ characteristics and the plasticity of metallic glasses (MGs). On the basis of cooperative shear model and atomic stress theories, we carefully formulate Ω as a function of molar volume (Vm) and ν. The twofold trend in Ω and ν is attributed to a relatively large variation of Vm as compared to that of ν as well as an inverse relation between Vm and ν. Indeed, the derived equation reveals that the number of atoms in an STZ instead of Ω is a microstructural characteristic which has a close relationship with plasticity since it reflects the preference of atomistic behaviors between cooperative shearing and the generation of volume strain fluctuation under stress. The results would deepen our understanding of the correlation between microscopic behaviors (STZ activation) and macroscopic properties (plasticity) in MGs and enable a quantitative approach in associating various STZ-related macroscopic behaviors with intrinsic properties of MGs.
Communication: Programmable self-assembly of thin-shell mesostructures
Authors: Halverson Jonathan D. , Tkachenko Alexei V.
Published: October 2017

We study numerically the possibility of programmable self-assembly of various thin-shell architectures. They include clusters isomorphic to fullerenes C20 and C60, finite and infinite sheets, tube-shaped and toroidal mesostructures. Our approach is based on the recently introduced directionally functionalized nanoparticle platform, for which we employ a hybrid technique of Brownian dynamics with stochastic bond formation. By combining a number of strategies, we were able to achieve a near-perfect yield of the desired structures with a reduced “alphabet” of building blocks. Among those strategies are the following: the use of bending rigidity of the interparticle bond as a control parameter, programming the morphology with a seed architecture, use of chirality-preserving symmetries for reduction of the particle alphabet, and the hierarchic approach.
Multi-physics transient simulation of monolithic niobium dioxide-tantalum dioxide memristor-selector structures
Authors: Sevic John F. , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P.
Published: October 2017

Self-assembled niobium dioxide (NbO2) thin-film selectors self-aligned to tantalum dioxide (TaO2) memristive memory cells are studied by a multi-physics transient solution of the heat equation coupled to the nonlinear current continuity equation. While a compact model can resolve the quasi-static bulk negative differential resistance (NDR), a self-consistent coupled transport formulation provides a non-equilibrium picture of NbO2-TaO2 selector-memristor operation ab initio. By employing the drift-diffusion transport approximation, a finite element method is used to study the dynamic electrothermal behavior of our experimentally obtained selector-memristor devices, showing that existing conditions are suitable for electroformation of NbO2 selector thin-films. Both transient and steady-state simulations support our theory, suggesting that the phase change due to insulator-metal transition is responsible for NbO2 selector NDR in our as-fabricated selector-memristor devices. Simulation results further suggest that TiN nano-via may play a central role in electroforming, as its dimensions and material properties establish the mutual electrothermal interaction between TiN nano-via and the selector-memristor.
Stand-alone polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy instrument optimized for the study of catalytic processes at elevated pressures
Authors: Kestell John D. , Mudiyanselage Kumudu , Ye Xinyi , Nam Chang-Yong , Stacchiola Dario , Sadowski Jerzy , Boscoboinik J. Anibal
Published: October 2017

This paper describes the design and construction of a compact, “user-friendly” polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) instrument at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN) of Brookhaven National Laboratory, which allows studying surfaces at pressures ranging from ultra-high vacuum to 100 Torr. Surface infrared spectroscopy is ideally suited for studying these processes as the vibrational frequencies of the IR chromophores are sensitive to the nature of the bonding environment on the surface. Relying on the surface selection rules, by modulating the polarization of incident light, it is possible to separate the contributions from the isotropic gas or solution phase, from the surface bound species. A spectral frequency range between 1000 cm−1 and 4000 cm−1 can be acquired. While typical spectra with a good signal to noise ratio can be obtained at elevated pressures of gases in ∼2 min at 4 cm−1 resolution, we have also acquired higher resolution spectra at 0.25 cm−1 with longer acquisition times. By way of verification, CO uptake on a heavily oxidized Ru(0001) sample was studied. As part of this test study, the presence of CO adsorbed on Ru bridge sites was confirmed, in agreement with previous ambient pressure X ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. In terms of instrument performance, it was also determined that the gas phase contribution from CO could be completely removed even up to pressures close to 100 Torr. A second test study demonstrated the use of the technique for studying morphological properties of a spin coated polymer on a conductive surface. Note that this is a novel application of this technique. In this experiment, the polarization of incident light was modulated manually (vs. through a photoelastic modulator). It was demonstrated, in good agreement with the literature, that the polymer chains preferentially lie parallel with the surface. This PM-IRRAS system is small, modular, and easily reconfigurable. It also features a “vacuum suitcase” that allows for the integration of the PM-IRRAS system with the rest of the suite of instrumentation at our laboratory available to external users through the CFN user proposal system.
Modeling of cross-talk phenomena in thin film ferroelectric nanocapacitor arrays by finite element method combined with Monte Carlo calculations
Authors: Padurariu Leontin , Mitoseriu Liliana
Published: October 2017

In the last few years, the interest in developing ferroelectric systems with high recording density close to 1Tb/in.2 has strongly increased. The ferroelectric thin films are subjected to the electric field applied by using nanocapacitors (diameters of ∼70 nm) containing a ferroelectric active material. In order to increase the memory density, the nanocapacitor dimensions and the distance between them have to be strongly decreased. However, if the lateral distance between the nanoelectrodes is reduced too much, a domain wall propagation from the nanocapacitor subjected to the voltage to the neighboring capacitors (so-called “cross talk”) is observed. This phenomenon is undesired because the memory spatial resolution is affected. In the present paper, the role of the geometrical characteristics (electrode radius, lateral distance between the electrodes and the film thickness) is investigated, by using a combined Finite Element Method with the Monte Carlo model to describe the local switching properties. The distributions of the electrical potential and local fields were computed by using the Finite Element Method. After describing the conditions for the appearance of the “cross-talk” phenomenon in ferroelectric nanocapacitor systems, some valuable solutions to avoid it are presented.
Transient instabilities in the swelling dynamics of a hydrogel sphere
Authors: Curatolo Michele , Nardinocchi Paola , Puntel Eric , Teresi Luciano
Published: October 2017

We investigate the swelling dynamics driven by solvent absorption in a hydrogel sphere immersed in a solvent bath, through a computational model and a numerical study. We extensively describe the transient process from dry to wet and discuss the onset of surface instabilities through a measure of the lack of smoothness of the outer surface and a morphological pattern of that surface with respect to the two material paremeters driving the swelling dynamics.
Memristive devices from ZnO nanowire bundles and meshes
Authors: Puzyrev Y. S. , Shen X. , Zhang C. X. , Hachtel J. , Ni K. , Choi B. K. , Zhang E.-X. , Ovchinnikov O. , Schrimpf R. D. , Fleetwood D. M. , Pantelides S. T.
Published: October 2017

We report two types of memristive devices made of ZnO nanowire assemblies and Ag electrodes: nanowire-bundle and nanowire-mesh memristors. Although constructed with the same materials, these devices exhibit different characteristics. Nanowire-bundle memristors have small On/Off ratios and feature stable hysteresis under X-ray irradiation. Nanowire-mesh memristors show large On/Off ratios and multiple distinct states. We attribute the switching in bundle nanowires to the modification of the Schottky barrier by the mobile Ag ions and the stability of hysteresis to the ability of the bundles to retain Ag in the alleys between nanowires, as confirmed by first-principles calculations and energy dispersive x-ray measurements. For nanowire-mesh memristors, the high On/Off ratio leads us to attribute the switching mechanism to the formation and dissolution of Ag bridges in the nano-gaps at the intersections of nanowires.
Business as usual for the human use of Moreton Bay following marine park zoning
Authors: Kenyon R. A. , Babcock R. C. , Dell Q. , Lawrence E. , Moeseneder C. , Tonks M. L.
Published: October 2017

The multiple-use Moreton Bay Marine Park in eastern Australia was rezoned in 2009, increasing the total no-take marine national park (MNP) from 0.5 to 16%. In the present study we measured trends in the human use of no-take areas using observed vessel position and categorisation during on-water and aerial surveys before and after rezoning. Measured changes in spatial patterns of fishing showed that the effects of rezoning on most fishing activity was minimal. After rezoning, the proportion of recreational fishing declined from 6.3 to 2.6% of the footprint in the new MNPs. The proportion of commercial fishing declined from 25 to 1%, although the amount of commercial fishing was low. There was an overall increase in fishing activity on Moreton Bay. Low recreational fisher displacement suggests that the expansion of the MNP area did not have a high social cost. However, most of the no-take zones were areas not previously subject to high recreational fishing pressure. If a significant proportion of the no-take zones were placed in areas of low ecological production, the biodiversity conservation impact achieved by the rezoning of Moreton Bay may have been less than the 16% increase in no-take areas would imply.
Scale deformity descriptions for 23 species of fish, from various geographical areas and habitats
Authors: Jawad Laith A. , Ibáñez Ana L. , Sadighzadeh Zahra , Näslund Joacim , Ünlü Erhan
Published: October 2017

A renewed interest in fish scale anomalies prompted the present study, wherein we document a wide range of scale morphological abnormalities, including deformities in shape and structure, of a large number of species. In the present study, 63 cases of deformities were reported from 23 fish species collected from five countries. The abnormalities observed are discussed within the framework of contaminated aquatic environments, with a goal of recognising the cause of abnormality. Deformed scales exhibited different shapes, showing both slight (n=52 cases) and severe (n=9 cases) abnormalities. The scale deformations described in the present study should help direct future work on the relationships between environmental condition and fish health.
Gender trouble: The World Health Organization, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD)-11 and the trans kids
Authors: Winter Sam
Published: October 2017

The World Health Organization (WHO) is revising its diagnostic manual, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD). At the time of writing, and based on recommendations from its ICD Working Group on Sexual Disorders and Sexual Health, WHO is proposing a new ICD chapter titled Conditions Related to Sexual Health, and that the gender incongruence diagnoses (replacements for the gender identity disorder diagnoses used in ICD-10) should be placed in that chapter. WHO is proposing that there should be a Gender incongruence of childhood (GIC) diagnosis for children below the age of puberty. This last proposal has come under fire. Trans community groups, as well as many healthcare professionals and others working for transgender health and wellbeing, have criticised the proposal on the grounds that the pathologisation of gender diversity at such a young age is inappropriate, unnecessary, harmful and inconsistent with WHO’s approach in regard to other aspects of development in childhood and youth. Counter proposals have been offered that do not pathologise gender diversity and instead make use of Z codes to frame and document any contacts that young gender diverse children may have with health services. The author draws on his involvement in the ICD revision process, both as a member of the aforementioned WHO Working Group and as one of its critics, to put the case against the GIC proposal, and to recommend an alternative approach for ICD in addressing the needs of gender diverse children.
Translocating ratsnakes: does enrichment offset negative effects of time in captivity?
Authors: DeGregorio Brett A. , Sperry Jinelle H. , Tuberville Tracey D. , Weatherhead Patrick J.
Published: October 2017

Context Wildlife translocation is a conservation tool with mixed success. Evidence suggests that longer time in captivity may negatively affect an animal’s post-release behaviour and survival. However, environmental enrichment may reduce the deleterious effects of captivity for animals that are going to be released into the wild. Aims The aim of the present study was to compare first-year post-release survival and behaviour of translocated ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus) held captive for varying durations (1–7 years) either with or without enrichment, with that of resident and wild-to-wild (W–W)-translocated ratsnakes. Key results Being in captivity before release negatively affected survival; 11 of 19 (57.9%) captive snakes died or were removed from the study within 12 months, compared with 3 of 11 (27.3%) resident snakes and none of five (0%) W–W snakes. Furthermore, survival probability declined the longer a snake had been in captivity. Six of the seven snakes (86%) that we released that had been in captivity for four or more years before release died during this study, regardless of whether they were enriched or not. Although W–W-translocated ratsnakes moved more often and further than did snakes in other groups, this difference was apparent only in the first month post-release. We found no evidence that abnormal movement patterns or winter behaviour was the cause of reduced survival for captive snakes. Instead, our data suggested that spending time in captivity reduced concealment behaviour of snakes, which likely increased the vulnerability of snakes to predators. Captivity also compromised the foraging ability of some of the snakes. Although there were no overall differences in percentage weight change among the four groups, two snakes (one enriched, one unenriched) were removed from the study because of extreme weight loss (>30%). Conclusions Our results suggested that environmental enrichment did not offset the negative effects of captivity on ratsnakes and that the likely mechanism responsible for low survival was vulnerability to predators. Implications Whether extended periods in captivity render other species unsuitable for translocation, how long it takes for captivity to have deleterious effects, and whether environmental enrichment is also ineffective at offsetting captivity effects in other species remain to be determined.
Compliment response patterns between younger and older generations of Persian speakers
Authors: Sarkhosh Mehdi , Alizadeh Ali
Published: October 2017

The majority of studies on compliment response (CR) have investigated CR patterns and norms among different cultural groups and communities. The present study investigated the shifting of CR patterns across generations within the same speech community. To this end, 272 Persian speakers were chosen from among high school students and teachers. A discourse completion task (DCT) with four complimenting situations was administered. The findings revealed that the new generation of Persian speakers, regardless of their gender, had shifted their CR patterns and overwhelmingly accepted compliments. This change is attributed to the changing interpretations and conceptions of politeness and to the influx of English culture, through exposure to English media, internet, TV series, films, etc., among the new generation of Persian speakers.
“It was on my mind all day”
Authors: Kolb Waltraud
Published: October 2017

This paper explores authentically situated translation processes of literary translators, based on an empirical study of five professional German literary translators translating a short story by Ernest Hemingway. It focuses on macro-level workplace dynamics: How do translators working from home organize their task? With whom do they interact? Situational factors will emerge as constitutive elements of translatorial cognition and action, and it will be shown how the fragmentation of the translation process and the blurring of boundaries between the professional and personal spheres of life significantly impact the emergence of the translator’s voice and the translation product.
Investigating the cognitive ergonomic aspects of translation tools in a workplace setting
Authors: Teixeira Carlos S. C. , O’Brien Sharon
Published: October 2017

This paper reports on an empirical study that investigates the translation process in the workplace from a cognitive ergonomic perspective. In particular, the interaction between ten translators employed by a language service provider and the tools they deploy are examined. To that end, we recorded the translators’ workplace activities using keystroke logging, screen recording and eye tracking, combined with short retrospective interviews. We analysed their behaviour in terms of how they switched between the two screens on their desks, how they used different tools and where they invested their visual attention. Data related to productivity and quality are also presented. Among other findings, our data reveal that validation searches for terms and general expressions lead to considerable tool and task switching among professional translators.
Imagining the contours of culture: is religious tourism a precondition for conflict?
Authors: Korstanje M. , Echarri Chavéz M. , Cisneros Mustelier L.
Published: October 2017

This chapter is based on a philosophical interrogation of religious tourism and conflict. It asks many questions about how religion acts and can act as a force for conflict or peace. Though it does not provide a definitive answer to a complex issue of this calibre, it holds the thesis that cultural difference is not reason enough for riots, political instability or conflict.
The essence of community cohesion through religious tolerance.
Authors: Raja I. , Raj R.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses ways in which religious tourism can develop community cohesion and, drawing on history, discusses whether a cohesive society is possible in conflicting times. The chapter discusses a mechanism for creating stronger community cohesion through religious and faith organizations.
Kosher tourism: a case study from Greece.
Authors: Moira P. , Mylonopoulos D. , Vasilopoulou P.
Published: October 2017

This chapter discusses the importance for certain religions of adhering to particular regulations and guidelines regarding food and lifestyle, and points out the importance for tourism and hospitality professionals to understand such regulations. The chapter presents a case study of a strictly kosher tour group from France that visited Greece and highlights the challenges faced by an individual property and staff in catering for the religious requirements of Orthodox Jews.
Menstrual cycle effects on sacculocollic reflex pathway
Authors: Sinha Sujeet Kumar , Neupane Anuj Kumar , Gururaj Krithika
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Female sex hormones such as oestrogen and progesterone are found to have direct effects in the sensitivity of cochlea, till central auditory cortex by bringing the variation in vascularity in these regions. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of sex hormones produced during menstrual cycle on the sacculocollic reflex pathway.

Method:

Twenty female subjects in the age range of 18–25 years with no vestibular pathologies participated in the study. Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential test was administered on all the subjects in three phases of menstrual cycle, that is, follicular phase (1–4 days), luteal phase (12–15 days) and menstrual phase (22–25 days).

Results:

Friedman Chi-square test of difference among repeated measures was done to check the significant differences in mean latency and amplitude values of cVEMP across three phases of menstrual cycle. Although there were differences in the mean latency and amplitude of cVEMP peaks across three phases of menstrual cycle, the statistical analysis revealed no significant effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on the latency or amplitude parameters of cVEMP.

Conclusions:

There is no significant effect of different phases of menstrual cycle on the latency or amplitude parameters of cVEMP.
Fanconi anemia FANCD2 and FANCI proteins regulate the nuclear dynamics of splicing factors
Authors: Moriel-Carretero María , Ovejero Sara , Gérus-Durand Marie , Vryzas Dimos , Constantinou Angelos
Published: October 2017

Proteins disabled in the cancer-prone disorder Fanconi anemia (FA) ensure the maintenance of chromosomal stability during DNA replication. FA proteins regulate replication dynamics, coordinate replication-coupled repair of interstrand DNA cross-links, and mitigate conflicts between replication and transcription. Here we show that FANCI and FANCD2 associate with splicing factor 3B1 (SF3B1), a key spliceosomal protein of the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U2 snRNP). FANCI is in close proximity to SF3B1 in the nucleoplasm of interphase and mitotic cells. Furthermore, we find that DNA replication stress induces the release of SF3B1 from nuclear speckles in a manner that depends on FANCI and on the activity of the checkpoint kinase ATR. In chromatin, both FANCD2 and FANCI associate with SF3B1, prevent accumulation of postcatalytic intron lariats, and contribute to the timely eviction of splicing factors. We propose that FANCD2 and FANCI contribute to the organization of functional domains in chromatin, ensuring the coordination of DNA replication and cotranscriptional processes.
Loss of Protein Kinase Novel 1 (PKN1) is associated with mild systolic and
diastolic contractile dysfunction, increased phospholamban Thr17
phosphorylation, and exacerbated ischaemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Francois Asvi A , Obasanjo-Blackshire Kofo , Clark James E , Boguslavskyi Andrii , Holt Mark R , Parker Peter J , Marber Michael S , Heads Richard J
Published: October 2017

Aims

PKN1 is a stress-responsive protein kinase acting downstream of small GTP-binding proteins of the Rho/Rac family. The aim was to determine its role in endogenous cardioprotection.

Methods and results

Hearts from PKN1 knockout (KO) or wild type (WT) littermate control mice were perfused in Langendorff mode and subjected to global ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). Myocardial infarct size was doubled in PKN1 KO hearts compared to WT hearts. PKN1 was basally phosphorylated on the activation loop Thr778 PDK1 target site which was unchanged during I/R. However, phosphorylation of p42/p44-MAPK was decreased in KO hearts at baseline and during I/R. In cultured neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVM) and NRVM transduced with kinase dead (KD) PKN1 K644R mutant subjected to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (sI/R), PhosTag® gel analysis showed net dephosphorylation of PKN1 during sI and early R despite Thr778 phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown of PKN1 in NRVM significantly decreased cell survival and increased cell injury by sI/R which was reversed by WT- or KD-PKN1 expression. Confocal immunofluorescence analysis of PKN1 in NRVM showed increased localization to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) during sI. GC-MS/MS and immunoblot analysis of PKN1 immunoprecipitates following sI/R confirmed interaction with CamKIIδ. Co-translocation of PKN1 and CamKIIδ to the SR/membrane fraction during sI correlated with phospholamban (PLB) Thr17 phosphorylation. siRNA knockdown of PKN1 in NRVM resulted in increased basal CamKIIδ activation and increased PLB Thr17 phosphorylation only during sI. In vivo PLB Thr17 phosphorylation, Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2) expression and Junctophilin-2 (Jph2) expression were also basally increased in PKN1 KO hearts. Furthermore, in vivo P-V loop analysis of the beat-to-beat relationship between rate of LV pressure development or relaxation and end diastolic P (EDP) showed mild but significant systolic and diastolic dysfunction with preserved ejection fraction in PKN1 KO hearts.

Conclusion

Loss of PKN1 in vivo significantly reduces endogenous cardioprotection and increases myocardial infarct size following I/R injury. Cardioprotection by PKN1 is associated with reduced CamKIIδ-dependent PLB Thr17 phosphorylation at the SR and therefore may stabilize the coupling of SR Ca2+ handling and contractile function, independent of its kinase activity.
Assessing cumulative human activities, pressures, and impacts on North Sea benthic habitats using a biological traits approach
Authors: Kenny Andrew J , Jenkins Chris , Wood Daniel , Bolam Stefan G , Mitchell Peter , Scougal Callum , Judd Adrian
Published: October 2017

The application of a biological traits analysis, in the present study, has allowed benthic habitat sensitivities and their risk of impact to be mapped at a spatial scale appropriate for the assessment of the North Sea ecoregion. This study considered habitat impacts associated with five important marine sectors; bottom fishing, marine aggregate dredging, sediment disposal, renewable energy devices (tidal, waves, and wind) and the oil and gas sectors, both individually and cumulatively. The significance of the “actual” footprint of impact arising from these human activities and their associated pressures (sediment abrasion, sediment removal, smothering, and placement of hard structures) is presented and discussed. Notable differences in sensitivity to activities are seen depending on habitat type. Some of the more substantial changes in benthic habitat function evaluated are potentially associated with the placement of hard structures in shallow mobile sedimentary habitats, which result in a shift in habitat dominated by small, short-living infaunal species, to a habitat dominated by larger, longer-lived, sessile epibenthic suspension feeders. In contrast, the impacts of bottom fishing, dredging and disposal activities are all assessed to be most severe when executed in deep, sedimentary habitats. Such assessments are important in supporting policies (e.g. spatial planning) directed towards ensuring sustainable “blue-growth,” through a better understanding of the potential ecological impacts associated with human activities operating across different habitat types. The aim of this study is to provide a better understanding of the spatial extent of selected human activities and their impacts on seabed habitats using a biological trait-based sensitivity analysis.
Tilting and Cluster Tilting for Preprojective Algebras and Coxeter Groups
Authors: Kimura Yuta
Published: October 2017

We study the stable category of the graded Cohen–Macaulay modules of the factor algebra of the preprojective algebra associated with an element $w$ of the Coxeter group of a quiver. We show that there exists a silting object $M(\boldsymbol{w})$ of this category associated with each reduced expression $\boldsymbol{w}$ of $w$ and give a sufficient condition on $\boldsymbol{w}$ such that $M(\boldsymbol{w})$ is a tilting object. In particular, the stable category is triangle equivalent to the derived category of the endomorphism algebra of $M(\boldsymbol{w})$. Moreover, we compare it with a triangle equivalence given by Amiot–Reiten–Todorov for a cluster category.
Going against the Flow: The Effects of Dynamic Sensorimotor Experiences on Consumer Choice
Authors: Kwon Mina , Adaval Rashmi
Published: October 2017

Sensorimotor experiences of going against the flow can affect the choices consumers make. Eight experiments show that consumers who experience the sensation of going against the flow pick alternatives that are normatively not preferred (experiments 1a and 1b). These effects are evident only when the sensations are dynamic and self-experienced (experiments 2a and 2b), subjective feelings are elicited (experiments 4a and 4b), and no other objective, external norm information is supplied (experiment 5). Experiences of going against the flow typically involve both movement and direction and are represented in memory schematically. Re-experiencing these sensations leads to the activation of this schematic representation and elicits a feeling-based behavioral disposition to do something different, or to go against one’s initial inclination (experiment 3), leading participants to pick an option that is normatively not preferred.
A hybrid intelligent system for the analysis of atmospheric pollution: a case study in two European regions
Authors: Arroyo Ángel , Herrero Álvaro , Corchado Emilio , Tricio Verónica
Published: October 2017

The combined application of several soft-computing and statistical techniques is proposed for the characterization of atmospheric conditions in two European regions: Madrid (Spain) and Prague (Czech Republic). The resulting Hybrid Artificial Intelligence System (HAIS) combines projection models for dimensionality reduction and clustering, combining neural and fuzzy paradigms, in a decision support tool. In present article, this proposed HAIS is applied to analyse the air quality in these two geographical regions and get a better understanding of its circumstances and evolution. To do so, real-life data from six data-acquisition stations are analysed. The main pollutants recorded at these stations between 2007 and 2014, their geographical locations and seasonal changes are all studied, in a research that shows how such factors determine variations in air-borne pollutants. Furthermore, neural projections of the clustering results from data on atmospheric pollution are studied.
Mouse dynamics correlates to student behaviour in computer-based exams
Authors: Carneiro Davide , Novais Paulo , Sousa Nuno , Pêgo José Miguel , Neves José
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, it is common for higher education institutions to use computer-based exams, partly or integrally, in their evaluation processes. These exams, much like their paper-based counterparts, are one of the most significant sources of stress in the life of students. However, the fact that exams are undertaken in a computer allows for new features to be acquired that may provide more reliable insights into the behaviour and state of the student during the exam. In this article we analyse these novel behavioural features and explore, to which extent, they can point out previously unknown phenomena. Specifically, we show that the time a student takes to complete an exam is correlated with mouse dynamics features. In practical terms, we are able to predict the duration of each individual exam with a satisfying error based on the interaction patterns of the student.
The Unified Protocol for Chronic Pain
Authors: Payne Laura A.
Published: October 2017

Chronic pain represents a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors and is associated with high rates of anxiety and mood disorders. Evidence now highlights the importance of potential common factors underlying both pain and emotions. One of these factors—neuroticism—has been linked with both mental and physical health concerns, including chronic pain. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) specifically targets neuroticism/negative affect and may be an ideal treatment to address both emotions and pain. This chapter describes the case of “Lisa,” a patient suffering with chronic pain and anxiety, and how specific components of the UP were applied to help her with her symptoms.
Self-Management of Burn Injury
Authors: Fauerbach James A. , Perry-Parrish Carisa
Published: October 2017

Burn injuries present individuals with a range of physical, medical, emotional, social, and behavioral challenges. Burn injuries are painful, as are the necessary medical treatments that typically follow. In this chapter, research is presented on physiological (e.g., pain, pruritus), psychological (e.g., worries, negative emotions, distress), and social sequelae (e.g., self-perception of appearance, body image) of burn injuries in adults. Research is also reviewed on the evidence-based strategies to address impairments across domains, the emotional impact and methods for optimal coping, and the methods that generally facilitate self-management. The chapter concludes that progress has been made in identifying, quantifying the prevalence, and tracking differences in trajectory of many burn-related conditions, development of support group, prevention and intervention approaches to burn-specific challenges, as well as in identifying individual characteristics that increase risk for adjustment difficulties.
Self-Management of Epilepsy
Authors: Buelow Janice M. , Smithson W. Henry
Published: October 2017

Epilepsy is a stigmatizing condition characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures that can restrict life choices, lead to a reduced quality of life, and psychological strain. Self-management can be defined as the sum of steps needed to gain seizure control, to minimize the impact of living with epilepsy, and to maximize quality of life. The individual with epilepsy has to manage much more than just medication: they have to know about diagnosis and treatment, the best ways to manage the condition, and ways of maintaining psychosocial functioning. This chapter uses case studies and literature to describe various coping strategies and interventions to enhance self-management for people with epilepsy.
Self-Management of Hearing Impairment
Authors: Handscomb Lucy , Saunders Gabrielle H. , Hoare Derek J.
Published: October 2017

Hearing impairment is defined as hearing loss that leads to difficulties in hearing, or deafness, and affects an estimated 360 million people worldwide. Consequences of hearing impairment include difficulties in communication, restricting social participation, and leading to feelings of isolation. Hearing impairment cannot be cured, but its consequences can be reduced with self-management whereby the individual adopts, refines, and maintains health behaviors, supported through the provision and availability of suitable interventions. The barriers to self-management are many and should be explored to inform decision-making between the clinician and the individual with hearing impairment. The clinician can then facilitate self-management that is informed, realistic, and fully reflects the preferences and values of the individual.
Self-Management of HIV
Authors: Martin Faith
Published: October 2017

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic condition, currently requiring life-long medication and having potential impacts on physical health through pain, fatigue, adverse medication affects, and opportunistic infections and on mental health through depression and anxiety and the stigmatized nature of HIV. Self-management offers an important avenue to address these concerns, with current research suggesting interventions to support medication-taking, good nutrition, and peer support to boost mental health and optimize a person’s understanding of HIV. Further, knowledge is required to facilitate self-management. The challenges and interventions including legal issues around transmission of HIV are considered, highlighting the multidimensional nature of the condition.
Evidence-Based Treatments and the Atypical/Complex Conundrum
Authors: Schleien Jenna L. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Loeb Katharine L. , Le Grange Daniel
Published: October 2017

It is well recognized that diagnostic assessments and evidence-based treatment approaches developed for anorexia nervosa (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN) do not apply as well to atypical and complex eating disorders. This chapter provides a description of the evolution of diagnostic criteria for eating disorder presentations that do not fall under the categories of AN and BN. The chapter begins with an overview of atypical and complex comorbid eating disorders, including historical development, diagnostic criteria, and symptom presentation. Following this conceptual overview, the chapter discusses the challenges of applying results from randomized clinical trials for AN or BN to individuals affected by atypical eating disorders or comorbid diagnoses such as anxiety and substance abuse. The chapter concludes by outlining some possible solutions to the conundrum of identifying effective solutions for individuals with atypical and complex comorbid eating disorders.
Treating Eating Disorder–Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Patients
Authors: Trim Julie G. , Galovski Tara E. , Wagner Amy , Brewerton Timothy D.
Published: October 2017

Despite elevated prevalence rates of trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in eating disorder (ED) individuals, there is a surprising lack of data on how to effectively treat this population. The most significant gaps in the literature include the “what” (which PTSD treatment to use) and “when” (sequential vs. concurrent treatment) of PTSD treatment. Clinicians are often fearful in working with this ED subgroup, particularly given that these patients often report high-risk behaviors such as suicidality and self-harm. This chapter presents a new approach to treating comorbid PTSD that seems to be very promising for ED–PTSD patients. Borrowed from dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), this approach (called DBT PE) outlines readiness criteria and a protocol for altering the treatment plan if concerning behaviors emerge during the course of PTSD treatment. ED clinicians are encouraged to use DBT PE principles and to disseminate their results.