bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food consumption patterns in dense coastal settlements of Kendari City, Indonesia
Authors: Taridala S.A.A , Jaya L.M.G , Noraduola D.R , Anas A.A , Taufik Y. , Firdausah A.M. , Iskandar A N
Published: October 2023

Food consumption is a basic human need, the most basic part of the welfare of society. In general, the food needs of low-income people have not been fully met. The purpose of this study was to study food consumption patterns in low-income people (LIP) in the coastal area of Kendari City. The population is LIP who receive social assistance in 2021. The total sample is 120 households, which were selected using the simple random sampling method. The analysis uses the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model with the parameter estimation method using Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR). The results showed that partially, commodity price variables and respondent’s characteristics had an effect on food expenditure, except for the age variable. The price elasticity of demand for all commodities is negative, according to the theory of demand, except for vegetables, which are positive. The value of income elasticity for all commodity groups is positive, where food sources of carbohydrates tend to be inelastic and the demand for vegetables and side dishes is elastic. In general, the response to changes in cross-demand between commodities shows that there are commodities that are mutually complementary and some are complementary.
Enhancing national food security by protecting intellectual property rights for farmers in breeding local plant varieties
Authors: Fahmi M S , Rado R H , Klau R G , Utami G A
Published: October 2023

Protection of local plant varieties on the one hand will bring economic benefits to farmers and on the other hand bring benefits to the government related to its policies to ensure food security and national self-sufficiency (food self-sufficiency). To guarantee food security, the protection of the interests and rights of farmers along with their traditional knowledge of local plant varieties must be regulated specifically. This study aims to discover the legal protection of intellectual property rights for farmers in breeding local plant varieties to support the national food diversification launched by the Indonesian government. The research method used in this study is normative legal research. This research uses data sources from legal materials called normative research, collection techniques of data are carried out by means of literature studies. From the results of the study, it was concluded that: Regulations on the protection of plant varieties in general have been regulated by Law Number 29 of 2000 concerning Protection of Plant Varieties (PVP). However, Law Number 29 of 2000 concerning Plant Variety Protection (PVP) has protected local plant varieties, but the system determined is only limited to registration, which is not necessarily able to provide optimal protection for local plant varieties as well as the interests and rights of farmers as users in an effort to support the national food diversification program as launched by the Indonesian government as a way to overcome world food crisis.
Supply chain analysis of cocoa seeds in Narmada, West Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Usman Abdullah , Yusuf M. , Nursan Muhammad
Published: October 2023

The aims of this study are to: (1) analyze the cocoa bean supply chain network in Narmada District, West Lombok, NTB; (2) Analyze the performance of the cocoa bean supply chain in Narmada District, West Lombok. The research used a descriptive method, while the data collection was carried out using a survey technique, the data was analyzed descriptively using the Food Supply Chain Network (FSCN) and Supply Chain Operating Reference (SCOR) analysis framework. The results showed that: (1) The cocoa bean supply chain network in Narmada District, West Lombok NTB, namely: (a) The ultimate goal of the cocoa bean supply chain is within and outside the island of Lombok (Bali and Java), while the development objectives are to pay attention to the level of content, the cut of one of the actors in the supply chain and the uniformity of prices; (b) Supply chain management is about selecting partners that are determined based on factors such as proximity of location, size of purchasing scale, and ease of trade of cocoa beans. The agreements that occur between links are made informally (orally) with cash transactions. Lack of government assistance for cocoa bean supply chain actors; (c) The supply chain structure includes 2 channels, namely channel I (farmers, village collectors, village collectors’ traders, sub-district collectors, wholesalers, inter-island traders) and channel II (farmers, village collectors, wholesalers, off-island traders) Lombok) where each supply chain has a different role. The supply of cocoa beans from the Lombok Island region has not been able to meet the demands of the processing industry; (d) Supply chain resources consist of different physical resources for each member of the chain according to the activities they perform, technological resources still use simple equipment, human resources use labor within and outside the family and capital resources are still limited by the use of own capital and loans; (e) The supply chain business process consists of 3 flows, namely product flows, funds flows and information flows, which are distributed evenly and smoothly. The risks faced by each link in the chain are related to price fluctuations, production damage and market congestion, and the way to build trust is to seamlessly communicate and sell to the same players. (2) The performance of the cocoa bean supply chain, which is in a superior position that must be maintained, namely perfect order fulfilment, delivery performance and asset management (channels I and II), supply cycle order fulfilment and flexibility. The performance that must be improved again to a higher position is the order fulfilment cycle (parity) and flexibility (advantage) in channel II, with the costs incurred by channel I being greater than those of channel II.
The effect of vegetation in reducing air pollution in an urban environment: A review
Authors: Buraerah Muh. Fikruddin , Patandjengi Baharuddin , Suryani Sri , Hamzah Alimuddin , Demmalino Eymal Bahsar
Published: October 2023

The consequences of air pollution encompass a wide range of environmental, social, and health impacts. Environmental effects include smog formation, acid rain, and ecosystem degradation. Socially, air pollution leads to reduced visibility, malodorous conditions, and overall reduced quality of life. However, the most alarming consequences are associated with adverse health effects in humans and other living organisms. Air pollution has been linked to respiratory diseases, cardiovascular problems, allergies, and premature death. Therefore, a multifaceted approach is required to mitigate air pollution. This includes both preventive and active intervention. Preventive measures include reducing emissions from their sources through the implementation of stringent environmental regulations, adoption of cleaner technologies, and promotion of sustainable practices. Additionally, public awareness and education campaigns play a crucial role in encouraging individuals and communities to adopt eco-friendly behaviours and reduce their carbon footprint.
Effectiveness of different types of traps of different heights against fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) on guava plants (Psidium guajava L.)
Authors: Simanjuntak K A A , Marheni
Published: October 2023

Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is one of the main pest of guava so its presence needs to be controlled because it causes production to decrase up to 50%. Various control efforts can be caried out, including the use of color and scent traps. This research was carried out in Sei Mencirim Village February-April 2022. The method used a randomize group with 2 factors and 3 test, the first factor is the type of trap with 5 levels, namely control, yellow color trap, green color trap, guava fruit waste extract, and guava fruit flesh waste and the second factor is the height of the trap with 3 levels, namely trap heights of 1 m, 1.5 m, and 2 m. The result showed the number of imago populations of trapped fruit flies and heighest number of trapped male fruit flies in the green color type, for the heighest number of trapped female fruit flies in yellow color traps. At a trap height of 1.5 m, the number of fruit fly imago populations was shown and the highest number of fruit fly imago populations was shown and the heighest number of male and female fruit flies trapped.
Diversity of arthropods on clove plantations (Syzygium aromaticum L.) Lemba Harapan village, Dampal Selatan district
Authors: Toana Moh. Hibban , Mutmainah  , Jusriadi  , Sartika
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the value of the arthropod diversity index in clove plantations (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the Dampal Selatan District. This research was conducted in Lemba Harapan Village, Dampal Selatan District, Toli-Toli Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, at a coordinate point of 00.711228N 120.224933E with a coordinate point of 178 m. Sampling is carried out using light traps and pitfall traps. The data analyses used were the Diversity index Shannon Winner (H), the evenness index (E), and the richness index (R). The results showed that 865 individuals were obtained consisting of 3 classes, 8 orders, 17 families, and 19 species (morphospecies) with different functional roles. The results of the analysis of arthropod diversity in cloves showed moderate diversity, it can be seen that the diversity index value (H) of arthropods was 2.099, Evenness (E) was 0.713, and richness (R) was 2.662.
Potential of tuba plant root (Derris elliptica) as a vegetable pesticide ingredient: A review
Authors: Usman  , Fahruddin  , Taba Paulina , Gede Suarthawan I
Published: October 2023

Tuba plant is a species of Derris that can be found in Southeast Asia such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunai, Thailand and the Philippines. This plant contains the toxic substance rotenone and is used by the community as a poison to catch fish. The toxicity of rotenone to fish varies between species. Therefore, there is a significant risk of non-target fish species being poisoned when rotenone is used. In addition to poisoning fish, this substance can be used to kill corn cob borers, kill cat lice, eradicate rice snails, and control caterpillar populations. The results of the review of rotenone contained in tuba plants from several studies show that the use of rotenone is effective for eradicating pests, including in Fisheries Management can eradicate unwanted pests and predatory fish, exterminating corn cob borers can control cob borers (Helicoverpa armigeran Hubner) with an initial death time of 26, 50 hours, LT50 67.50 hours and total larval mortality 87.5%, Cat lice repellent can kill cat lice (Siphonaptera), exterminate paddy snails by giving 75% and 100% tuba root extract concentration, and control the population of caterpillars by giving 50% rotenone extract. It can therefore be concluded that that tuba root extract (Derris elliptica) can be used as a vegetable pesticide because it is proven to be effective in eradicating fisheries management pests, borers on corn cobs, lice pests in cats, rice snails in rice plants, and caterpillar pests in fruit plants.
Analysis of decision making in vegetable quality management using the analytical hierarchy process method (Case study: Makassar Panenmart Company)
Authors: Nurliah  , Sajriawati
Published: October 2023

Modernization in the agricultural sector is currently pushing business actors engaged in retailing horticultural commodities towards technology-based and digitalization-based business sectors, one of which is Panenmart Company. Panenmart is a social-enterprise that develops technology solutions and information systems in displaying superior horticultural products that come directly from farmers. Through a mobile-based application, Panenmart seeks to provide trading solutions for horticultural products online through digital-based applications and offline through market galleries in order to achieve price stability by shortening the distribution chain from farmers to final consumers and helping farmers increase market access. The approach method uses the analytical hierarchy process, in order to identify problems so that priorities can be determined in decision making. The results of the research based on calculations using the Likert scale show that the highest percentage value of the integrated quality management element is customer focus, namely 89.45 percent and on the integrated quality management principle, customer satisfaction with a score of 94.18 percent with very important interpretation. Processing results using the analytical hierarchy process method show that the system is an obstacle that is a top priority, so there is a need for management improvements for companies in quality management control.
Emerging contaminants in the environment and bioremediation control strategies – A review
Authors: Geethamani R. , Soundara B. , Kanmani S.
Published: October 2023

Rapid increase in population and emergence of many industries led to the emergence of contaminants from various sources such as domestic, industrial and agricultural activities etc. These contaminants reach the groundwater, surface water, municipal wastewater and food sources from agricultural fields. These pollutants contaminate the soil and in long term contaminate the groundwater sources due to transportation phenomena. Once the soil and groundwater are contaminated, the environment becomes a threat to the living beings. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the various types of contaminants, their emerging sources, their effect on the environment and suitable remediation techniques with emphasis on bioremediation techniques such as phytoremediation, phycoremediation, mycoremediation, bioventing, bioleaching, landfarming, bioreactor, composting, bioaugmentation, rhizofiltration, and biostimulation for treatment of these contaminants.This chapter mainly focusses on the fate of the contaminants emerging from various activities, their effects on the environment, remediation techniques and in specific the environmental friendly techniques to remediate the contaminated soil and water.
Hot air assisted Microwave Drying on Moringa leaves, Spinach leaves, Lemongrass, Banana, and Ginger: Drying Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Deivasigamani Ananthi , Kavivarshini K
Published: October 2023

Moringa leaves, spinach, lemongrass, banana, and ginger have various bioactive phytochemicals, micronutrients, and health-improving pharmacological effects. The main objective of the present study is to dry moringa leaves, spinach, lemongrass, banana, and ginger using a hot air-assisted microwave drier and the effect of microwave power on activation energy, effective moisture diffusivity, drying rate, and antioxidant activity. The hot air temperature is maintained at 50°C with airflow rate is 2 m/s. For moringa leaves, spinach, lemongrass, and ginger, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 kW microwave power was used. But for banana, 0.35, 0.45, 0.55 kW microwave power was used. Nine drying models were used to validate the experimental data obtained during drying. To get the best fit model, MATLAB software version 11 was used. At 0.6 kW microwave power, effective moisture diffusivity, drying rate, and antioxidant activity increased while activation energy and drying time decreased. The study result revealed that the samples dried at 0.6 kW for moringa leaves, spinach, ginger, lemongrass and 0.35kW for banana showed the highest antioxidant activity. From the result, the study concluded that hot air-assisted microwave drying can be used for drying moringa leaves, spinach, lemongrass, banana, and ginger.
Waste to Wealth: A Futuristic Outlook for Waste Utilization in India
Authors: Balaganesh P. , Vasudevan M. , Natarajan N. , Uppuluri Kiran Babu , Balasubramani R. , Gopi K.
Published: October 2023

India, having one of the largest agro-basedeconomies in the world, produces a significant amount of wastes, both from farming activities and agro-based industries. These wastestreams pose critical environmental and public health challenges that necessitate efficient management strategies.The present review examines the current status and future perspectives of waste utilization in India. We have attempted to criticallyidentify the most prominent features of effective waste management and the constraints in resource recovery for achieving the sustainable development goals. This review provides an overview of the prevailing practices in waste utilization, highlighting various methods employed and the types of industries that can benefit from this approach. In particular, techniques such as co-processing, recycling, waste-to-energy conversion, and industrial symbiosis to be extensivley made accessible to maximize the value derived from wastes. Some of the major challenges we identified include limited awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and regulatory gaps, which can significantly hinder the optimal utilization plans. To address these challenges, the review proposes potential strategies such as awareness campaigns, infrastructure development, technology transfer, and policy strengthening both at community and organizational levels. The findings of this review canshed light on the current landscape of waste utilization in India and present pathways for a more sustainable and efficient approach in the near future.
A novel perfusion bioreactor promotes the expansion of pluripotent stem cells in a 3D-bioprinted tissue chamber
Authors: Komosa Elizabeth R , Lin Wei-Han , Mahadik Bhushan , Bazzi Marisa S , Townsend DeWayne , Fisher John P , Ogle Brenda M
Published: October 2023

While the field of tissue engineering has progressed rapidly with the advent of 3D bioprinting and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), impact is limited by a lack of functional, thick tissues. One way around this limitation is to 3D bioprint tissues laden with hiPSCs. In this way, the iPSCs can proliferate to populate the thick tissue mass prior to parenchymal cell specification. Here we design a perfusion bioreactor for an hiPSC-laden, 3D-bioprinted chamber with the goal of proliferating the hiPSCs throughout the structure prior to differentiation to generate a thick tissue model. The bioreactor, fabricated with digital light projection, was optimized to perfuse the interior of the hydrogel chamber without leaks and to provide fluid flow around the exterior as well, maximizing nutrient delivery throughout the chamber wall. After 7 days of culture, we found that intermittent perfusion (15 s every 15 min) at 3 ml min−1 provides a 1.9-fold increase in the density of stem cell colonies in the engineered tissue relative to analogous chambers cultured under static conditions. We also observed a more uniform distribution of colonies within the tissue wall of perfused structures relative to static controls, reflecting a homogeneous distribution of nutrients from the culture media. hiPSCs remained pluripotent and proliferative with application of fluid flow, which generated wall shear stresses averaging ∼1.0 dyn cm−2. Overall, these promising outcomes following perfusion of a stem cell-laden hydrogel support the production of multiple tissue types with improved thickness, and therefore increased function and utility.
Quadrupole transitions and quantum gates protected by continuous dynamic decoupling
Authors: Martínez-Lahuerta V J , Pelzer L , Dietze K , Krinner L , Schmidt P O , Hammerer K
Published: October 2023

Dynamical decoupling techniques are a versatile tool for engineering quantum states with tailored properties. In trapped ions, nested layers of continuous dynamical decoupling (CDD) by means of radio-frequency field dressing can cancel dominant magnetic and electric shifts and therefore provide highly prolonged coherence times of electronic states. Exploiting this enhancement for frequency metrology, quantum simulation or quantum computation, poses the challenge to combine the decoupling with laser-ion interactions for the quantum control of electronic and motional states of trapped ions. Ultimately, this will require running quantum gates on qubits from dressed decoupled states. We provide here a compact representation of nested CDD in trapped ions, and apply it to electronic S and D states and optical quadrupole transitions. Our treatment provides all effective transition frequencies and Rabi rates, as well as the effective selection rules of these transitions. On this basis, we discuss the possibility of combining CDD and Mølmer–Sørensen gates.
Sustaining Mammography Image Quality With a Technologist Coaching Program in the Era of the Enhancing Quality Using the Inspection Program (EQUIP)
Authors: Kozlov Andrew , Larson David , DeMartini Wendy B , Pal Sunita , Cowart Patricia , Strain Audrey , Ikeda Debra M
Published: October 2023

Objective

To evaluate the ability of a long-term technologist coaching program to sustain gains in mammography quality made by a previously implemented quality improvement (QI) initiative.

Methods

Mammography quality metrics from July 2014 to June 2020 were reviewed. Numbers of screening mammograms performed/audited, monthly average mammogram overall quality pass rates, changes in facilities/staffing, and technical recall rates were evaluated. Performance metrics at baseline (July 2013), during the improvement (July 2014 to January 2015), postimprovement (February 2015 to August 2015), and sustained coaching periods (after initiation of the technologist coaching model, from September 2015 to June 2020) were compared.

Results

During the postimprovement and sustained coaching periods, 93% (501/541) and 90% (8902/9929) of audited mammograms, respectively, met overall passing criteria, achieving or exceeding the QI goal of 90%, and results for both periods were significantly higher than that during the improvement period (74%, 1098/1489), at P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively. The technical recall rates during the improvement and postimprovement periods were 2.6% (85/3321) and 1.7% (54/3236), respectively; the rate during the sustained coaching period was significantly lower than these, at 1.2% (489/40 440) (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0232, respectively). Sustained quality passing rates and lower technical recall rates were observed despite statistically significantly increases in screening volumes.

Conclusion

A technologist coaching program resulted in sustained high mammographic quality for almost 5 years.
GLIOMA-04 BRIDGING THE GAP ON ADULT GLIOMA IMAGING, DIAGNOSIS AND FOLLOW UP IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Authors: Kwikima Ugumba
Published: October 2023

Cerebral Gliomas are the most common and devastating primary brain tumors.

Prior to 2016 WHO CNS tumor classification update, the grading of gliomas, mainly relied on histological features, including cellularity, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, vascularity, and necrosis, observed on light microscopy with the aid of immunohistochemistry. A number of studies confirmed that diffuse gliomas demonstrates different growth pattern, clinical behavior, and prognostication based on their genomic alterations, these findings necessitated incorporation of molecular subtypes in glioma classification, and leads to 2016 WHO CNS tumors Classification update. Introduction of molecular criteria into the classification of gliomas has given rise to interesting, wide-ranging implications regarding glioma management. In the current classification, all diffuse gliomas have been grouped based on their growth pattern, clinical behavior, and specifically sharing of the mutational state of the gene that codes for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in its isoforms (IDH1 and IDH2). Regardless of grade, the first phase in glioma molecular characterization is IDH testing. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are associated with significant increase in progression free survival and overall survival. Immunohistochemistry, Molecular subtyping, Both FISH and genetic sequencing have significant implications in gliomas management and clinical outcome, yet they are not available in our low resource settings. Advanced MRI techniques (DTI, MR Perfussion, MR Spectroscopy, and Functional MRI) have a significant impact in presurgical planning and follow up of glioma patients after surgery and chemo radiation treatment. Radiographic findings can bridge the gap on accurate glioma diagnosis in sub-Saharan Africa through predicting Glioma Molecular subtypes based on clinical presentation and utilizing conventional MRI as a radio genomic tool. Also to emphasis in the utilization of available advanced MRI techniques (DTI, MR Perfussion, and MR spectroscopy) for presurgical planning and follow up of patients after Glioma treatment.
MENINGIOMA-01 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL PATTERN OF MENINGIOMA IN IBADAN, SOUTHWEST NIGERIA: A 15-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Ogunsanya Temitope
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Meningiomas are common primary tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) derived from the arachnoidal cells of leptomeninges (coverings) of the brain and the spinal cord. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and histological grade of Meningioma in Ibadan and to correlate this with age, sex and anatomic location.

METHOD

This is a 15year retrospective study of all cases of meningiomas seen in the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan. The clinicopathological data were obtained from the department’s records for the given period. Haematoxylin and eosinstained sections obtained from formalinfixed paraffinembedded (FFPE) tissue blocks were examined to confirm the diagnosis.

RESULT

Ninety-nine cases of meningiomas were reviewed over the study period. Thirty-one of these occurred in males, while sixty-eight occurred in females given an approximate male-to-female ratio of 1:2.2. The ages ranged from 18 years to 82 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 48.2 ± 13.6 years and the median age was 47 years. The majority (97%) of meningioma cases had their tumours located in the cranial cavity, while the remaining 3% had their tumours located in the spinal canal. The spinal canal cases (3) were all in females and they all occurred at the thoracic region of the spine. The majority of cases (81.8%) were WHO Grade I tumours. The most common histological subtype in this study was meningothelial meningioma (37.4%) followed by the transitional subtype (32.3%).

CONCLUSION

Meningiomas are not uncommon among Nigerian patients. The vast majority of cases were WHO grade I, and the commonest histological subtype in this study was meningothelial subtype. To enhance prediction of their clinical behavior, there is now need to interrogate progesterone receptor (PR) expression and proliferative index (Ki-67) in combination with WHO grade.
MENINGIOMA-02 A RADIOLOGY- PATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION OF HYPEROSTOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL.
Authors: Marjorie Adagi , Wekesa Vincent , Musau Christopher , Okemwa Parmenas , Boore John
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Meningiomas account for 34.4% of all central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in Kenya. Hyperostosis has been described in 25% to 44% of meningiomas. According to Simpson et al, complete bony removal is associated with a 9% recurrence rate over a ten year period. Prior traumatic injury, activation of osteoblastic cells, synthesis of bone fragments and vascular abnormalities brought on by the neoplasm are all factors that may contribute to hyperostosis. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether hyperostosis in cases of meningiomas are solely attributed to tumor invasion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective study included all patients with a diagnosis of meningioma with radiological evidence of hyperostosis. Preoperatively, a computed tomography (CT) scan was done by a consultant radiologist in all patients and reviewed by two neurosurgeons for associated bony hyperostosis. Intra-op, a sample of the bone measuring 2cm by 2cm by 2cm displaying features of hyperostosis was harvested. Bone samples were decalcified with 10% formic acid. A consultant neuropathologist thereafter microscopically evaluated the samples to check for bone invasion.

RESULTS

Radiological evidence of hyperostosis was present in 22 (61.1%) patients out of 36 patients. Out of the 22 patients, female patients were 17(77.3%) while male patients were 5(22.7%). The median age of the patients at the time of surgery was 45.5 years (range 20-65 years; mean 44.3 ± 11.9 years). On histopathological examination, Meningothelial meningioma was the most common variant (59%). Microscopic tumor invasion of the bone was seen in 13 (59.1%) patients.

CONCLUSION

A significant number of patients with radiological hyperostosis had tumor invasion of the bone. The findings of this study show that one should remove the bone flap whenever possible in order to achieve total excision of the tumor, reduce recurrence rates and perform titanium mesh/ hydroxypartite cement cranioplasty for calvarial reconstruction.
MENINGIOMA-04 PATTERN OF KI67 INDEX IN RELATION TO ANATOMICAL, HISTOLOGICAL AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AMONG PATIENTS WITH MENINGIOMA SEEN AT KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Kivuva Antony , Magoha Michael , Okemwa Parmenas , Kitunguu Peter
Published: October 2023

BACKGROUND

Meningioma remains the most frequently reported primary intracranial tumor that is indicated in the brain or spinal cord. It is relatively under-studied in Kenya, and hence literature and data are scarce on its immunohistochemically expression as well as its correlated clinical outcomes. The role of Ki-67 in the prognosis of meningioma’s has been indicated to be still debatable.

METHODOLOGY

Using a cross-sectional study design, patients who presented with meningioma were recruited through consecutive sampling. Data collected age, sex and the location of the tumor. Samples archived in the laboratory after surgery were retrieved, and Ki67 testing done to assess outcomes.Data analysis: SPSS version 26 was used. The Chi-square test was used to test the association between categorical exposure variables and the occurrence of Ki67. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

The study showed the average age of patients with new onset meningioma, as identified by histology, was 48.4 years. Our study found a higher percentage of female participants (79.5%) compared to male (20.5%). Meningothelial was the most common histological subtype, accounting for 34.1% of cases and classified as Grade 1 according to the WHO Grade system. 26.5% of grade 1 meningiomas had Ki67 labeling index of above 4%. The atypical type was the most significantly associated with Ki67 with a p-value of 0.012. The expression of Ki-67 labeling index was associated with WHO grade 2, and patients with this grade had a 6 times greater chance of having a Ki67 labeling index of more than 4%. The AUC model performance was 67.8%. This study found age, gender and location of tumor has no influence on mean Ki 67 labelling index.

CONCLUSION

High level of Ki-67 expression is associated with high pathological WHO grade II meningioma. 26.5% of grade 1 meningiomas had high Ki67 labeling index above 4%.
OTHER-08 CONCORDANCE OF INTRAOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS AND FINAL DIAGNOSIS IN NEUROPATHOLOGY: A SINGLE INSTITUTION EXPERIENCE.
Authors: Gakinya Samuel , Cheserem Beverly , Mogere Edwin
Published: October 2023

Intraoperative diagnosis is key in the management of patients with certain central nervous system diseases. Its role includes determination of adequacy of biopsy especially important when performing stereotactic biopsies and determination of neoplastic or non-neoplastic pathology. The intraoperative diagnosis guides the surgeon on the best plan of management for the patient. The techniques used for intraoperative diagnosis include touch prints, smears, and frozen sections. The aim of this study is to assess the concordance rate of intraoperative diagnosis and final diagnosis for patients managed for neurological diseases at the Aga Khan University Hospital. It is a retrospective study. All patients who underwent neurosurgical operations from January 2019 to May 2023 and had intraoperative diagnosis will be identified. The intraoperative and final diagnosis will be established from the laboratory information system and the rate of agreement determined.
OTHER-14 NEURO-ONCOLOGY STAFF MEETING: EXPERIENCE OF 4 YEARS
Authors: Drogba Landry , Djonde Grace , Gbazi Marc , Okamon Jean Marcel , Diaby Raissa , Ghomsi Nathalie
Published: October 2023

The management of patients with cancer involving the central and peripheral nervous system is complex requiring a coordinated team of specialists. Multidisciplinary neuro-oncology team meeting started in Ivory Coast at March 2019. The staff concerns neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, oncologists, radiotherapists and neuropathologists. The aim of this report was to describe our neuro-oncology staff meeting, to evaluate its impact on clinical management decisions and discuss perspectives. We did retrospective evaluation of the cases discussed at our neuro-oncology staff meetings, from March 2019 to March 2023. Demographic, clinical, radiological, pathological and other specifics data were extracted. We collected 150 patients, with a mean of 7.1 patients presented by meeting. The median age was 39.8 years, with a sex ratio of 1.3. Supratentorial tumors were the most common (50%), and the most common histological types were glial tumors3(29.33), carcinomas (26%) and meningiomas (10%). Therapeutic modalities were surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Postoperative radiotherapy was institued in 19.33% of patients. 23 patients died. Benefits of neuro-oncology staff meetings include efficient coordination of multiple providers, direction for complicated cases, open communication amoung care teams, education, increased adherence to published guidelines, and clinical trial access. Although the prognosis remains relatively poor in our countries, neuro-oncology staff meetings remain a hope for improving the prognosis and management of patients.
OTHER-15 ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY FOR PATHOLOGIES OF SKULL BASE: ABOUT A SERIES OF CASES
Authors: Jaradat Thameen , Hakkou Elmehdi , Ouadghiri Yassad , Melhaoui Adyl , Boutarbouch Mahjouba , Arkha Yasser , El Ouahabi Abdessamad
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

Transsphenoidal endoscopic surgery (TS) is currently the reference method for the treatment of pathologies affecting the sellar region. It is a relatively safe technique, with low per and postoperative morbidity. We report through this retrospective study the experience of the neurosurgery department of the HSR in this field.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

We have collected the records of 176 patients operated endoscopically (TS), since the advent of the technique in the service in January 2016 until March 2022. Epidemiological, radiological and endocrine clinical data were analyzed by jamovi software version 1.6.

RESULTS

Over 6 years, 176 interventions were performed endoscopically transsphenoidal, these were 66 men and 110 women sex ratio = 1.66. The average age at surgery was estimated at 42 years. Several pathologies were treated by TS route, namely: pituitary adenoma (80%), and the other pathologies were divided between meningiomas; craniopharyngiomas; chordomas; pituitary abscess and OMB. Symptoms were dominated by: intracranial hypertension syndrome, optochiasmatic syndrome, endocrine syndrome. The diagnosis was based on imaging all our patients benefited from an injected brain MRI, as well as the anatomo-pathological examination the endocrine balance was disrupted in 9 patients (5.3%) Postoperative follow-up was favorable in 128 patients (75%),15 patients required revision surgery, 8 patients developed transient or prolonged diabetes Insipidus (4%), 5 cases of rhinorrhea (2%), 11 patients had meningitis (6%), new pituitary deficiency constituted 3.20%, hemorrhages and Epistaxis found in 6% of patients, no cases of ophthalmic complication were reported, deploring the death of 2 patients postoperatively.

CONCLUSION

The usage of Endoscopic Surgery (TS) in our department is the result of several efforts developed by different generations of neurosurgeons. Currently we operate about thirty patients per year by adopting this technique, with a significant reduction in hospitalization days as well as complications.
OTHER-16 DIAGNOSTIC INTERVALS IN BRAIN TUMORS IN IBADAN
Authors: Agboola Oluseyi , Balogun James , Adebayo David
Published: October 2023

INTRODUCTION

The patients’ pathway to a specialist, which impacts on timing of presentation, varies with each healthcare system. This study aims to outline the intervals in the diagnostic pathway of patients with brain tumors and to evaluate the effect of socio-demographic characteristics on these intervals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This cross-sectional study was carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. It involved all consenting adults ≥18years with a new radiological diagnosis of brain tumors. The demographic characteristics, the symptom interval (SI), referral interval (RI), the symptom detection to specialist clinic interval (SCI), clinical features were noted. Descriptive statistics were presented and Chi-square test was used for analysis at p <0.05.

RESULTS

There were 159 participants with a mean age of 47.7±13.8 years. The M:F was 1:1.3. 117 (73.6%) completed post secondary education. The median SCI, SI and RI were 730 (210 – 1825) days, 60 (2-365) days and 120 (14-730) days respectively. No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with SCI and SI, but more patients with >3 children had RI within 120 days. Patients with speech impairment tend to have shorter SCI <730days and RI <120days (p=0.01), while patients with hearing impairment have longer SI >60days (p=0.01), and patients with convulsion tend to have a longer RI of ≤4-months (p<0.001). Longer SI and RI resulted in longer SCI (≥730days). However, only about 25% of shorter SI and RI respectively led to shorter SCI (p<0.001).

CONCLUSION

All the diagnostic intervals were long across the socio-demography, only shortened in patients with focal deficits. Multipronged approaches focused particularly on the education of the population, physicians and other healthcare workers will be key to shortening these intervals and improving outcomes.
PAEDIATRIC-07 IMAGING OF PINEAL REGION TUMOURS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Muthee Bernadette
Published: October 2023

Pineal tumors comprise between 3% and 8% of all pediatric brain tumors.

Pineal region tumors can be divided into four categories: Germ cell tumors, pineal cysts, pineal parenchymal tumors, and tumors of the supporting tissues of the pineal gland or adjacent structures (such as pineal gliomas, dermoids, and epidermoids). The most common pineal region tumors are germ cell tumors, most are pure germinomas. Other variants such as nongerminomatous germ cell tumors, mixed germ cell tumors, teratomas, embryonal cell carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, and choriocarcinoma constitute the remainder. Germinomas are hyperdense on CT and enhance homogenously. The typical appearance on CT is a calcified pineal gland surrounded by noncalcified tumor. On MRI, these lesions have homogenous signal isointense to gray matter on all sequences with intense contrast enhancement. These tumors may infiltrate the thalami and midbrain. Spinal dissemination is seen in up to 36% of cases. Pineocytomas are well-differentiated tumors that retain morphologic features of the pineal parenchymal cells. They are slow-growing, circumscribed, but noncapsulated tumors. They are more commonly solid tumors, although cystic variants have been described. Solid tumors are either hypointense or isointense to gray matter and T2-hyperintense. Enhancement is homogenous and calcification is common. Cystic variants are often indistinguishable from pineal cysts. Pineoblastomas are malignant, unencapsulated tumors that resemble embryonal tumors NOS, but are distinct from such tumors in other locations due to their photosensory differentiation. On MRI, these lesions are hypointense to isointense on T1-weighted images and variable low, high, or mixed signal on T2-weighted images. They have lobulated contours and enhance homogenously. They calcify less often than pineocytomas. The “exploded pattern” of calcification with peripheral displacement of pineal gland calcification is considered more typical of pineal parenchymal tumors, differentiating them from germ cell tumors.
SPINAL TUMORS-03 MALIGNANT PHYLLODES TUMOR OF THE BREAST WITH METASTASIS TO THE THORACIC SPINE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Xavier Rutayisire François , Claire Karekezi
Published: October 2023

Malignant phyllodes tumors (MPT) of the breast are rare, and spinal metastasis from these tumors is even rarer. We present a case report of a 37-year-old female with a breast mass, who was diagnosed with malignant MPT after incisional biopsy. The patient underwent a right partial mastectomy, and negative margins were reported. However, two weeks later, the patient presented to the emergency department with severe back pain, paresthesia, and lower limb weakness. Neurosurgery consultation led to a diagnosis of T4 pathological fracture, spinal tumor and spinal cord compression, likely due to metastasis from the breast mass. Chest abdomen and pelvis CT revealed no other lesion except the T4 compression fracture. The patient underwent cord decompression tumor resection, and transpedicular fixation of T3-T5 with T4 vertebroplasty. Histopathological analysis confirmed that it was a metastasis from phyllodes tumor. Our case report highlights the importance of early detection and management of MPT, as well as the need for close follow-up and monitoring of patients with a history of breast masses it also highlights the importance of considering malignant phyllodes tumors as a differential diagnosis for breast masses and the potential for metastasis to the spine.
Interpretation in different age-groups
Authors: Jelliffe Derrick B , Jelliffe E F Patrice , Zerfas Alfred , Neumann Charlotte G
Published: October 2023

Each stage of human life has different nutritional considerations. The preferred methods for assessment vary with the age-groups that are the main concern of the investigation. Different stages of the life-cycle have special physiological nutritional needs (p. 226), susceptibility to infections (p. 139), and cultural benefits or hazards (p. 165). The risk of different forms of malnutrition varies in different age-groups, and, as has been noted elsewhere (p. 14), even certain clinical signs suggestive of nutritional deficiency can be age-specific (p. 226). In addition, the anthropometric effects of protein-energy malnutrition in rapidly growing young children plainly will be different from those in an adult for whom physiological growth has ceased.
Fetal therapy
Authors: Boué André , Muller F
Published: October 2023

In utero transfusion for fetal-maternal incompatibility, first developed by Liley in 1963, has recently been improved by direct transfusion through umbilical vessels using ultrasound guidance. This same method has allowed treatment of severe thrombocytopaenia in the fetus at the end of the pregnancy.
How the diagnosis is made
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick
Published: October 2023

Diagnosis is essential if different conditions are to be clearly distinguished, with a view to both understanding and treating different disorders. Early diagnosis offers the hope that treatment can start before the condition has pushed the child too far off the normal course of development. At present, early diagnosis of autism is still rare; but doctors are currently working towards improving the diagnostic tools to achieve this goal. In this chapter, we describe an assessment format used in Britain, pointing out how autism is distinguished from superficially similar conditions. We also discuss the consequences of diagnosis.
What causes autism?
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick
Published: October 2023

In the last two chapters we reviewed the way in which a diagnosis is made, and the consequences of receiving the diagnosis. To recap, the diagnosis is made on the basis of three types of behaviour being present: abnormal social behaviour, abnormal communicative behaviour, and the presence of repetitive, unimaginative activities, all being evident in the first few years of life. In this chapter we summarize what is known about the cause or causes of autism that produce these abnormalities of behaviour. At the outset it is important to stress that no clear-cut answer exists on the question of cause; but what is known is discussed below.
Education: what can be done?
Authors: Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick
Published: October 2023

It used to be thought that children with autism were in educable, as was mentioned in Chapter 1. In the past such attitudes resulted in children with autism being placed in the back wards of long-stay mental-handicap institutions, and their lack of progress was then taken as proof of their in educability. When such assumptions were questioned in the case of children with mental handicap, and discovered to be wrong, their validity for autism was also challenged. Current evidence suggests that very few, if any, children are in educable-whatever their intellectual level. The overriding principle is that education should be tailored to the individual, and educability is evident in the progress made, whatever its rate. Highly structured teaching programmes have been claimed to produce the greatest gains. There are several reasons why this may be so. First, the social problems in autism are such that, if a teacher is not actively initiating interaction and being directive, a child with autism may simply drift away from social contact into a pursuit of repetitive patterns of behaviour. Such repetitive behaviours, by definition, allow very little learning of new information. Secondly, the highly structured approach starts from the assumption that every task should be broken down into simple and clear steps, with each goal clearly defined. Children with autism seem to take to such a methodical approach. Finally, highly structured teaching may work because children with autism seem to prefer predictability.
Scleroderma
Authors: Silman Alan J , Hochberg Marc C
Published: October 2023

Scleroderma is a general term of referring to pathological thickening and tethering of skin. Isolated scleroderma, localized as in morphoea or in linear scleroderma, does not form part of a multisystem disease and will not be considered further in this review. Systemic sclerosis, sometimes prefixed with the term ‘progressive’ is used in the literature to relate to the combination of sclerodermatous skin change and internal organ involvement. However, the current preferred term is scleroderma and for clinical classification purposes it is usefully subdivided into limited and diffuse cutaneous forms (LeRoy et al. 1988). The diffuse form requires skin involvement proximal to the hands and feet, an increased risk of internal organ involvement, and a high frequency of the Sci-70 antibody (topoisomerase-1). By contrast, the limited form, by definition, has skin involvement limited to the extremities, has low risk of internal organ involvement, and a high frequency of the anticentromere antibody (anti-kinetochore). One typical syndrome of limited cutaneous scleroderma is the CREST syndrome. This comprised of calcinosis, Raynauds, esophageal hypomotility, sclerodactyly (see Table 8.1) and telangiectasia. The clinical and serological differences between these two forms are not absolute and, for epidemiological purposes it is more usual and perhaps appropriate to consider scleroderma as a single disease entity.
Induction Of Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: Anaesthesia Spinal , Brown J H
Published: October 2023

There is no doubt that a skilled and informed assistant can make a significant difference to the performance and outcome of a spinal injection. This is particularly true when there are problem patients with stiff, arthritic spines or who are very overweight.