bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Behavior Ratings: A Feasible and Effective Progress Monitoring Approach for Social and Behavioral Interventions
Authors: Miller Faith G. , Fabiano Gregory A.
Published: October 2017

Despite significant advancements in supporting students’ social, emotional, and behavioral health in recent years, progress remains hindered by limited formative assessment options. The focus of this special issue is on applications for Direct Behavior Rating (DBR), which is a hybrid assessment method incorporating procedures utilized in direct observations and teacher ratings. Three articles in the special issue utilize multiple baseline designs to demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of DBR single-item scales, and a fourth article describes a multiple-item DBR applied to social behaviors. Expert commentaries provide perspectives on the current literature related to the assessment of social, emotional, and behavioral constructs in school settings and also chart a future course for continued study.
“We’re Just Not Prepared for Eating Over Our Whole Life”: A Mixed Methods Approach to Understanding Dietary Behaviors Among Longer Term Cancer Survivors
Authors: Klassen Ann Carroll , Smith Katherine Clegg , Shuster Michelle , Coa Kisha I. , Caulfield Laura E. , Helzlsouer Kathy J. , Peairs Kimberly S. , Shockney Lillie D. , Stoney Dara , Hannum Susan
Published: October 2017

Background: In many countries, there are growing numbers of persons living with a prior diagnosis of cancer, due to the aging population and more successful strategies for treatment. There is also growing evidence of the importance of healthful diet and weight management for survivorship, yet many long-term cancer survivors are not successfully following recommendations. Methods: We explored this issue in a mixed methods study with 53 adult survivors of 3 cancers (breast, prostate, and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma), living in Maryland. Participants provided three 24-hour dietary recalls, and results were used to classify respondents on 2 metrics of healthful eating (the Healthy Eating Index 2010, and a 9-item index based on current dietary recommendations). Recalls were also used to guide in-depth qualitative discussions with participants regarding self-assessment of dietary behaviors, healthful eating, and diet’s importance in cancer prevention and survivorship. Results: Survivors following a more healthful diet were more likely to be female, have greater socioeconomic resources, more years since diagnosis, normal weight, and no smoking history. Qualitative discussions revealed a more nuanced understanding of dietary strategies among healthful eaters, as well as the importance of household members in dietary decision making. Discussion: Most survivors had received little nutrition counseling as part of their cancer care, highlighting the importance of holistic, household-oriented nutrition education for maintaining health among long-term cancer survivors.
Initial Outcomes of Cyanoacrylate Closure, VenaSeal System, for the Treatment of the Incompetent Great and Small Saphenous Veins
Authors: Park Insoo
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

Cyanoacrylate closure of the saphenous vein with the VenaSeal system is a new technique just approved on December 2016 in Korea. Therefore, there are seldom reports about postprocedural outcomes of VenaSeal system in Asian countries. We report the initial outcomes of VenaSeal system for the treatment of great saphenous veins (GSVs) and small saphenous veins (SSVs) as a first report in Korea.

Methods:

Thirty-four patients with incompetent saphenous veins (47 GSVs and 16 SSVs) were treated at a single session. Concomitant phlebectomy was performed in 15 (44.1%) of 34 patients. All procedures were started with local anesthesia with music therapy and switched to intravenous sedation if patient requested. Patients revisited the clinic on 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Postprocedural evaluations including numerical pain rating score, revised Venous Clinical Severity Scores (rVCSS), and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaires were checked. Duplex ultrasound was performed on 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months.

Results:

All treated veins (47 GSVs and 16 SSVs; 100%) had complete closure by duplex ultrasound during the follow-up period. Mean numerical pain rating scale of 6 hours after procedure was 2.7. The rVCSS was improved during the follow-up period. Phlebitis-like “abnormal skin reaction” in the treatment area was occurred in 8 (23.5%) of 34 patients and recovered fully in 2 weeks.

Conclusions:

Cyanoacrylate closure, VenaSeal system, is safe and effective for the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins.
Effect of Comt1 genetype on anxiety and nociceptive sensitivity: An ego network analysis approach
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Zhao Shoutao , Zhang Zhenhong
Published: October 2017

Purpose

The aim of this study was to predict key genes and their relationships for anxiety and nociceptive sensitivity related to Comt1 genetype.

Methods

The raw data of E-GEOD-20160 related to anxiety and nociceptive sensitivity were obtained. Pearson correlation coefficient of interaction in protein–protein interaction was calculated. Topological analysis was processed for protein–protein interaction network, and genes in this network were ranked based on their degrees. Ego genes were identified, and models were searched and refined. A total of 1000 randomized tests were processed for ego networks. The classification accuracy of each ego network was obtained in this process.

Results

The interactions with genes in gene expression profiles were extracted, and protein–protein interaction was constructed. The protein–protein interaction included 4639 genes and 43,837 relationships. Differential co-expression network was constructed, and 74 ego genes were obtained. Thereinto, top five ego genes were ADCY2, GRM8, S1PR3, ADCY6, and ANXA1. After module searching and refinement, a total of 11 candidate modules were obtained, including module 14, module 51, and module 9. In addition, these 11 modules were confirmed to be with significance. Module 14 contained 10 genes, such as HRH3, DRD2, and CXCR3. Similarly, module 51 included six genes, such as HELZ2, NCOA3, and MED30.

Conclusions

Ego network analysis was a useful and comprehensive method for biomarkers screening. Several modules such as module 3 and module 36 were important subnetworks. Potential genes in these modules including ADCYs, GNAI1, DRD2, PNOC, CCR2, DRD2, and LPAR1 might be important genes in the research of anxiety and nociceptive sensitivity.
Abnormal functional integration across core brain networks in migraine without aura
Authors: Yu Dahua , Yuan Kai , Luo Lin , Zhai Jinquan , Bi Yanzhi , Xue Ting , Ren Xiaoying , Zhang Ming , Ren Guoyin , Lu Xiaoqi
Published: October 2017

Background

As a complex subjective experience, pain processing may be related to functional integration among intrinsic connectivity networks of migraine patients without aura. However, few study focused on the pattern alterations in the intrinsic connectivity networks of migraine patients without aura.

Results

Thirty-one migraine patients without aura and 31 age- and education-matched healthy controls participated in this study. After identifying the default mode network, central executive network and salience network as core intrinsic connectivity networks by using independent component analysis, functional connectivity, and effective connectivity during the resting state were used to investigate the abnormalities in intrinsic connectivity network interactions. Migraine patients without aura showed decreased functional connectivity among intrinsic connectivity networks compared with healthy controls. The strength of causal influences from the right frontoinsular cortex to the right anterior cingulate cortex became weaker, and the right frontoinsular cortex to the right medial prefrontal cortex became stronger in migraine patients without aura.

Conclusions

These changes suggested that the salience network may play a major role in the pathophysiological features of migraine patients without aura and helped us to synthesize previous findings into an aberrant network dynamical framework.
Propofol produces preventive analgesia via GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in a rat model of inflammatory pain
Authors: Qiu Qiu , Sun Liting , Wang Xiao Min , Lo Amy CY , Wong Kar Lok , Gu Pan , Wong Sau Ching Stanley , Cheung Chi Wai
Published: October 2017

Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic, has been shown to offer superior analgesic effect clinically. Whether propofol has preventive analgesic property remains unexplored. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effect of propofol and underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms via pre-emptive administration in a formalin-induced inflammatory pain model in rats. Male adult Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups: naïve (Group Naïve), formalin injection only (Group Formalin), and formalin injection at 30 min (Group P-30 min) or 2 h (Group P-2 h) after intravenous infusion of propofol (0.6 mg kg−1 min−1) for 1 h. Nociceptive responses and protein expression of phosphorylated- or pan-GluN2B, ERK1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in the spinal dorsal horn were evaluated. Alteration of intracellular Ca2+ concentration induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists with or without pre-treatment of propofol was measured using fluorometry in SH-SY5Y cells while neuronal activation in the spinal dorsal horn by immunofluorescence. Pre-emptive propofol reduced pain with a delayed response to formalin and a reduction in hypersensitivity that lasted at least for 2 h. The formalin-induced activation of spinal GluN2B and ERK1/2 but not p38 or c-Jun N-terminal kinase was also diminished by propofol treatment. Preconditioning treatment with 3 µM and 10 µM of propofol inhibited Ca2+ influx mediated through NMDA receptors in SH-SY5Y cells. Propofol also reduced the neuronal expression of c-Fos and p-ERK induced by formalin. This study shows that pre-emptive administration of propofol produces preventive analgesic effects on inflammatory pain through regulating neuronal GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor and ERK1/2 pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.
Culture Changes How We Think About Thinking: From “Human Inference” to “Geography of Thought”
Authors: de Oliveira Stephanie , Nisbett Richard E.
Published: October 2017

Cultural comparison has challenged people’s assumptions of universality in psychology. It has also revealed that many questions and approaches in psychology are not culture-free, but reflect a distinctively Western analytic framework. In this framework, the world is assumed to operate by discernible and stable rules, contradiction is a problem to be resolved, and entities are viewed as relatively independent agents. Context and relationships between people and objects are relatively downplayed—or, when they are examined, are assumed to operate under parsimonious rules. Dialectical or holistic thinking, a framework more prevalent in East Asian societies, involves greater attention to context and relationships, assumptions of change rather than stasis, and acceptance of contradiction. Analytic thinking is useful for science and daily life. But sometimes dialectical thinking results in more accurate conclusions or pragmatically useful decisions than analytic thinking. Therefore, we propose that both dialectical and analytic thinking should be consciously adopted as tools in the “cognitive toolbox” of researchers and laypeople alike. In the present article, we review the cross-cultural work demonstrating the psychological differences that analytic versus dialectical thinking produce. We then consider the strengths of each type of thinking and how they may serve complementary functions for problem solving.
Culture and Development: A Systematic Relationship
Authors: Keller Heidi
Published: October 2017

This article argues that the relationships between culture and development are differential and systematic. Therefore the presentation of the Western middle-class developmental pathway in textbooks as universal is grossly neglecting the reality and the psychologies of the majority of the world’ s population. First, the conception of culture as the representation of environmental conditions is presented. The level of formal education acts as organizer of social milieus that define different learning environments for children. Mainly two developmental pathways are portrayed: the Western middle-class trajectory and the traditional farmer childhood. Different developmental principles are highlighted, demonstrating systematic cultural differences in the development of a conception of the self: developmental dynamics as exemplified in early mother infant interactions, the timing of developmental milestones emphasizing cultural precocities in motor development and self-recognition, developmental gestalts in different attachment relationships and precursors and consequences demonstrating that different, sometimes contradictory behavioral patterns have the same developmental consequences with the examples of empathy development and autobiographical memory. It is argued that evaluating the development in one pathway with the principles and standards of the other is unscientific and unethical. The recognition of different developmental pathways is a necessity for basic science and a moral obligation for the applied fields.
Idiocultural Design as a Tool of Cultural Psychology
Authors: Cole Michael
Published: October 2017

The study of small group idiocultures offers a productive way to study the role of culture in human cognitive and social development. My evidence is drawn from a multi-decade long study of groups of mixed-aged participants engaged in deliberately designed forms of joint activity taking place several times a week over periods extending over decades in a variety of institutional settings. In each such system, participants ranging from middle childhood to adulthood participate in an after-school program composed of a wide variety of games brought together in a fantasy world watched over by a Wizard. Insights offered by this approach include comparative analysis of skill development in different idiocultural systems, intergenerational changes in the local cultural systems themselves, and intra-cultural variations in the behavioral changes of individual children occurring over different time scales. Implications of this comparative approach for psychology science are discussed.
American = Independent?
Authors: Markus Hazel Rose
Published: October 2017

U.S. American cultures and psyches reflect and promote independence. Devos and Banaji (2005) asked, does American equal White? This article asks, does American equal independent? The answer is that when compared to people in East Asian or South Asian contexts, people in American contexts tend to show an independent psychological signature—a sense of self as individual, separate, influencing others and the world, free from influence, and equal to, if not better than, others (Markus & Conner, 2013). Independence is a reasonable description of the selves of people in the White, middle-class American mainstream. Yet it is a less good characterization of the selves of the majority of Americans who are working-class and/or people of color. A cultural psychological approach reveals that much of North American psychology is still grounded in an independent model of the self and, as such, neglects social contexts and the psychologies of a majority of Americans. Given the prominence of independence in American ideas and institutions, the interdependent tendencies that arise from intersections of national culture with social class, race, and ethnicity go unrecognized and are often misunderstood and stigmatized. This unseen clash of independence and interdependence is a significant factor in many challenges, including those of education, employment, health, immigration, criminal justice, and political polarization.
The life and work of Antonio Maria Valsalva (1666–1723) – Popping ears and tingling tongues
Authors: Jacobs Nathan , Bossy Michele , Patel Amish
Published: October 2017

The Valsalva manoeuvre is the increase in intra-thoracic pressure achieved by attempted expiration against a closed upper airway. The contraction of abdominal and other accessory muscles of respiration attempt to decrease the intra-thoracic volume, whilst the airway is closed either by the forceful apposition of the vocal cords or else by firmly closing the lips and sealing off the nose (e.g. by pinching it). Valsalva described this manoeuver as a way of checking the patency of the Eustachian tube. However, it has found other uses, including as a way to terminate episodes of supraventricular tachycardia and stopping ear popping-pain on high altitude flights. But who was Valsalva?
An easily missed cause for low GCS in a Scottish Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Edmunds Christopher T , Lacey Caroline
Published: October 2017

A case report of a 36-year-old patient who presented with seizures, a large thyroid and decreased consciousness level requiring admission to the intensive care unit, where the final diagnosis had a prevalence of 2.1/100,000 and a female to male ratio of 4:1. The final diagnosis was suggested early by a focussed internet search. This is unusual because as clinicians we often tell the general public to ignore an internet search. The early suggestion demonstrated that in the right hands the use of internet searches can help us make more informed decisions and aid patient management when combined with traditional investigative medical practice. However, the lesson with this case is that there are many unusual and rare causes of presentations to critical care units and as clinicians we should keep an open mind and wide differential diagnosis so as not to miss the rarer reasons for these presentations.
Temporising an extradural haematoma by intraosseous needle craniostomy in the District General Hospital by non-neurosurgical doctors – A case report
Authors: Durnford Sahra , Bulstrode Harry , Durnford Andrew , Chakraborty Aabir , Tarmey Nicholas T
Published: October 2017

We report the case of a 69-year-old man admitted to the emergency department of a UK district general hospital with an extradural haematoma following closed head injury. He deteriorated rapidly before transfer to the regional neurosurgical centre and was treated with decompression of the extradural haematoma through an EZ-IO™ intraosseous needle in our department, with telephone guidance from the neurosurgeon. We believe this to be the first reported use of this technique in a district general hospital.
Ideological Responses to the EU Refugee Crisis
Authors: van Prooijen Jan-Willem , Krouwel André P. M. , Emmer Julia
Published: October 2017

The 2016 European Union (EU) refugee crisis exposed a fundamental distinction in political attitudes between the political left and right. Previous findings suggest, however, that besides political orientation, ideological strength (i.e., political extremism) is also relevant to understand such distinctive attitudes. Our study reveals that the political right is more anxious, and the political left experiences more self-efficacy, about the refugee crisis. At the same time, the political extremes—at both sides of the spectrum—are more likely than moderates to believe that the solution to this societal problem is simple. Furthermore, both extremes experience more judgmental certainty about their domain-specific knowledge of the refugee crisis, independent of their actual knowledge. Finally, belief in simple solutions mediated the relationship between ideology and judgmental certainty, but only among political extremists. We conclude that both ideological orientation and strength matter to understand citizens’ reactions to the refugee crisis.
Patients’ perceptions on the usability of the SurePal™ self-injection device for Omnitrope®: a questionnaire-based observational study conducted in paediatric patients in France
Authors: Coutant Régis , Dupuis Clémentine , Pigeon Patricia , Rebaud Phillipe
Published: October 2017

Background:

A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to evaluate attitudes towards a reusable self-injection system, SurePal™, among paediatric patients with growth disturbances who were prescribed treatment with somatropin (Omnitrope®) as part of routine clinical practice.

Methods:

This cross-sectional survey was incorporated into the multinational, multi-centre, noninterventional PAtients TReated with Omnitrope® (PATRO) Children study. Questions were mainly focused on five areas: the attractiveness of SurePal™; training received; use of the device; opinion of the low-drug wastage system; experience compared with previous devices used (among pretreated patients).

Results:

Final results from participants in France are reported. Completed questionnaires were returned by 409 participants. Most patients (55%) were male and 89% were recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH)-treatment naïve. Around 57% of children completed the questionnaire by themselves, while 43% had help from a family member/other person. The mean (standard deviation) age of all participants was 11.3 (3.6) years, and most patients were aged 10–12 years ( n = 126) or 13–15 years ( n = 117). Overall, 86% of patients reported that preparing SurePal™ for injection was easy/very easy. Similarly, 83% reported that performing injections with SurePal™ was easy/very easy. The attractiveness of SurePal™ was rated as good/excellent by the majority (85%) of patients; this proportion was similarly high (> 80%) across all age groups. The dose-memory function was rated as helpful/very helpful by 54% of patients. Of the 174 patients who reported using the low drug-waste feature, 90% found it to be helpful/very helpful. Among the 24 pretreated patients, 17 reported that SurePal™ was better/much better than their previous device.

Conclusions:

This questionnaire-based survey conducted in a large cohort of paediatric patients with growth disturbances from France confirms the ease of use of SurePal™ to support daily administration of Omnitrope® across all age groups. The demonstrated acceptability of the device may help to improve patient adherence to long-term daily treatment with rhGH.
Perioperative events in children with pulmonary hypertension undergoing non‐cardiac procedures
Authors: Bernier Meghan L. , Jacob Ariel I. , Collaco Joseph M. , McGrath‐Morrow Sharon A. , Romer Lewis H , Unegbu Chinwe C.
Published: October 2017

Prior limited research indicates that children with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have higher rates of adverse perioperative outcomes when undergoing non‐cardiac procedures and cardiac catheterizations. We examined a single‐center retrospective cohort of children with active or pharmacologically controlled PH who underwent cardiac catheterization or non‐cardiac surgery during 2006–2014. Preoperative characteristics and perioperative courses were examined to determine relationships between the severity or etiology of PH, type of procedure, and occurrence of major and minor events. We identified 77 patients who underwent 148 procedures at a median age of six months. The most common PH etiologies were bronchopulmonary dysplasia (46.7%), congenital heart disease (29.9%), and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (14.3%). Cardiac catheterizations (39.2%), and abdominal (29.1%) and central venous access (8.9%) were the most common procedures. Major events included failed planned extubation (5.6%), postoperative cardiac arrest (4.7%), induction or intraoperative cardiac arrest (2%), and postoperative death (1.4%). Major events were more frequent in patients with severe baseline PH (P = 0.006) and the incidence was associated with procedure type (P = 0.05). Preoperative inhaled nitric oxide and prostacyclin analog therapies were associated with decreased incidence of minor events (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32, P = 0.046 and OR = 0.24, P = 0.008, respectively), but no change in the incidence of major events. PH etiology was not associated with events (P = 0.24). Children with PH have increased risk of perioperative complications; cardiac arrest and death occur more frequently in patients with severe PH and those undergoing thoracic procedures. Risk may be modified by using preoperative pulmonary vasodilator therapy and lends itself to further prospective studies.
A porcine in‐vivo model of acute pulmonary embolism
Authors: Schultz Jacob , Andersen Asger , Gade Inger Lise , Ringgaard Steffen , Kjaergaard Benedict , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik
Published: October 2017

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cardiovascular cause of death after acute myocardial infarction and stroke. Patients are, however, often under‐treated due to the risks associated with systemic thrombolysis and surgical embolectomy. Novel pharmacological and catheter‐based treatment strategies show promise, but the data supporting their use in patients are sparse. We therefore aimed to develop an in vivo model of acute PE enabling controlled evaluations of efficacy and safety of novel therapies. Danish Landrace pigs (n = 8) were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. Two pre‐formed autologous PEs (PE1, PE2, 20 × 1 cm) were administered consecutively via the right external jugular vein. The intact nature and central location were visualized in situ by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The hemodynamic and biochemical responses were evaluated at baseline (BL) and after each PE by invasive pressure measurements, MRI, plus arterial and venous blood analysis. Pulmonary arterial pressure increased after administration of the PEs (BL: 16.3 ± 1.2, PE1: 27.6 ± 2.9, PE2: 31.6 ± 3.1 mmHg, BL vs. PE1: P = 0.0027, PE1 vs. PE2: P = 0.22). Animals showed signs of right ventricular strain evident by increased end systolic volume (BL: 60.9 ± 5.1, PE1: 83.3 ± 5.0, PE2: 99.4 ± 6.5 mL, BL vs. PE1: P = 0.0005, PE1 vs. PE2: P = 0.0045) and increased plasma levels of Troponin T. Ejection fraction decreased (BL: 58.9 ± 2.4, PE1: 46.4 ± 2.9, PE2: 37.3 ± 3.5%, BL vs. PE1: p = 0.0008, PE1 vs. PE2: P = 0.009) with a compensatory increase in heart rate preserving cardiac output and systemic blood pressure. The hemodynamic and biochemical responses were comparable to that of patients suffering from intermediate‐high‐risk PE. This porcine model mirrors the anatomical and physiologic changes seen in human patients with intermediate‐high‐risk PE, and may enable testing of future therapies for this disease.
Medical expulsive therapy for ureteric calculi – yes or no?
Authors: Williams Kevin , Dhanasekaran Ananda
Published: October 2017

In recent years, there has been a potential paradigm shift in the conservative management of ureteric calculi away from the routine use of medical expulsive therapy (MET). A large body of evidence exists to hopefully answer this common clinical question. Multiple meta-analyses have been performed in the last decade to evaluate the existing evidence. Most, if not all have demonstrated benefit of administering MET for patients with ureteric calculi. In more recent years, the publication of several good quality, randomised controlled studies has cast doubt over the routine use of MET in these patients. These recent studies suggest that MET has no benefit in the conservative management of patients with ureteric calculi. In this article, we aim to provide a pragmatic commentary on the evidence to date and highlight the arguments both for and against the routine use of MET. We aim to highlight the steps that our unit has taken in translating good quality medical research into day-to-day clinical practice and also, to demonstrate our department’s current practice and the rationale behind it.
Utilization of Religious and Philosophy Education in Uplifting the Image of Prison Inmates and Curtailing Ex-Prisoners’ Recidivism in Enugu Prison Yard in Nigeria
Authors: Ilechukwu Leonard Chidi , Ugwuozor Felix Okechukwu
Published: October 2017

The purpose of the study is to evaluate how religious and philosophy education is uplifting the image of prison inmates and curtailing ex-prisoners’ recidivism in Enugu State prison yard in Nigeria. The study sample was 190 inmates and 20 facilitators. Results showed among others that religious education raises the image of the prison inmates by making them and everyone else to realize that they are people made in the image of God and that they have inherent capacity to change the course of their lives. The recommendations include that prison religious education should focus on the development of the whole person of prisoners, bearing in mind their social, psychological, economic, and cultural background.
Eosinophilic Enteritis: A Delayed Diagnosis
Authors: Munjal Ankita , Al-Sabban Abdulhameed , Bull-Henry Kathryn
Published: October 2017

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders are a rare and complex group of disorders that are characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract. Patients often present with a wide range of signs and symptoms as any length or layer of the GI tract can be involved such as mucosal, muscular, or serosal. As a part of the workup, patients frequently undergo computed tomography scans and multiple endoscopies before the diagnosis is finally made as was true in our case of a 59-year-old male patient presenting with 2 months of nausea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. He underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopies, colonoscopies, video capsule study, and balloon enteroscopy before the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. Endoscopic and radiographic findings can be variable and are usually unpredictable. The diagnosis is confirmed on histopathological examination of biopsies that must show >15-50 eosinophils/high-power field based on the location in the GI tract. In our patient, erythema, scalloping, whitish exudate, and patches of villous blunting were noted in the duodenum to proximal ileum endoscopically with >50 eosinophils/high-power field confirming the diagnosis of eosinophilic enteritis. This class of diseases is often found in patients with a history of allergic disorders suggestive of hypersensitivity in the etiology of the disease although our patient had no such known history. Elimination diets and steroids are the mainstay of therapy and often lead to complete resolution of symptoms as well as endoscopic and radiographic findings in up to 90% of patients as was seen in our patient, although some patients have a chronic remitting course.
Fresh Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation for Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee: A Case Series
Authors: Tírico Luís E.P. , Early Samuel A. , McCauley Julie C. , Bugbee William D.
Published: October 2017

Background:

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) is a clinical entity identified by acute knee pain usually associated with joint effusion, with radiographic findings of a radiolucent defect on the weightbearing area of the femoral condyle. Conservative treatment is initially undertaken; however, surgical procedures are often necessary. Historically, surgical options have included core decompression, cartilage repair, high tibial osteotomy, or joint arthroplasty. Few studies in the literature have reported the use of fresh osteochondral allograft (OCA) for the treatment of SONK lesions.

Hypothesis:

OCA transplantation is an effective treatment for SONK lesions on the medial femoral condyle.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A case series was analyzed of 7 patients treated with OCA for large SONK lesions of the medial femoral condyle with a minimum 4-year follow-up. All patients experienced failure of at least 6 months of conservative treatment and declined arthroplasty as the form of definitive treatment for medial femoral condyle lesion. All patients underwent OCA of the medial femoral condyle. Mean lesion size was 4.6 cm2 (range, 3.24-6.25 cm2), with a mean condylar width of 41.7 mm (range, 35.4-48.6 mm), resulting in a median proportion (lesion size/condylar width) of 56.8% (range, 32.7%-62.6%). The median surface allograft area was 5.1 cm2 (range, 3.2-6.3 cm2).

Results:

The median follow-up was 7.1 years (range, 4.5-14.1 years). No patient had additional surgery following OCA transplant; the allograft failure rate was 0%. Subjective outcome scores from the International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and modified Merle d’Aubigné-Postel scale improved from preoperative assessment to the latest follow-up. All patients were extremely satisfied with the results of the OCA transplant.

Conclusion:

Fresh OCA transplantation demonstrated excellent efficacy, durability, and satisfaction in this group of patients with isolated stage 2 and 3 SONK lesions who had experienced failure of conservative treatment. Fresh osteochondral allografts are an attractive method for surgical management of selected patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.
Soft Tissue Conduction: Review, Mechanisms, and Implications
Authors: Sohmer Haim
Published: October 2017

Soft tissue conduction (STC) is a recently explored mode of auditory stimulation, complementing air (AC) and bone (BC) conduction stimulation. STC can be defined as the hearing induced when vibratory stimuli reach skin and soft tissue sites not directly overlying skull bone such as the head, neck, thorax, and body. Examples of STC include the delivery of vibrations to the skin of parts of the body by a clinical bone vibrator, hearing underwater sounds and free field air sounds, while AC hearing is attenuated by earplugs. The vibrations induced in the soft tissues are apparently transmitted along soft tissues, reaching, and exciting the ear. Further research is required to determine whether the mechanism of the final stage of STC hearing involves the excitation of the ear by eliciting inner ear fluid pressures that activate the hair cells directly, by the induction of skull bone vibrations, or by a combination of both mechanisms, depending on the magnitude of each mechanism.
Choroidal Angioarchitecture According to Ultra-Widefield Indocyanine Green Angiography in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Maruyama-Inoue Maiko , Yamane Shin , Satoh Hisayoshi , Sato Shimpei , Kadonosono Kazuaki
Published: October 2017

Purpose:

To examine choroidal blood flow using ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to compare these characteristics with those in normal controls.

Methods:

We reviewed the findings of ultra-widefield ICGA in patients with AMD and age-matched normal controls for comparison between April 2016 and November 2016. The primary outcome measure was the comparison of the vascular patterns of the choroid in the venous phase. The secondary outcome was abnormalities of the arterioles or venules in the macula in each group.

Results:

The study included 113 eyes of 84 patients with AMD (26 eyes with nonneovascular AMD, 58 eyes with typical AMD, and 29 eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy), 50 fellow eyes without the clinical characteristics of AMD, and 27 eyes of 24 age-matched normal controls. Patients with AMD were more likely than normal controls to have the region of greater hyperfluorescence of the ICGA with asymmetry of choroidal vasculature or abnormality of the vessels in the macula. Abnormalities of the vessels in the macula could be classified into 3 types: a small vortex vein, anastomosis between the choroidal veins, and the large choroidal vessels.

Conclusions:

Using ultra-widefield ICGA, we found that having an asymmetry of choroidal venules or abnormality of the vessels in the macula may be a predictive risk factor for the development or progression of AMD. These findings also support the association of alterations in choroidal hemodynamics with the pathogenesis of AMD.
Procoagulant platelets: generation, function, and therapeutic targeting in thrombosis
Authors: Agbani Ejaife O. , Poole Alastair W.
Published: October 2017

Current understanding of how platelets localize coagulation to wound sites has come mainly from studies of a subpopulation of activated platelets. In this review, we summarize data from the last 4 decades that have described these platelets with a range of descriptive titles and attributes. We identify striking overlaps in the reported characteristics of these platelets, which imply a single subpopulation of versatile platelets and thus suggest that their commonality requires unification of their description. We therefore propose the term procoagulant platelet as the unifying terminology. We discuss the agonist requirements and molecular drivers for the dramatic morphological transformation platelets undergo when becoming procoagulant. Finally, we provide perspectives on the biomarker potential of procoagulant platelets for thrombotic events as well as on the possible clinical benefits of inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase enzymes and the water channel Aquaporin-1 for targeting this subpopulation of platelets as antiprocoagulant antithrombotics.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation rescues the hematological, immunological, and vascular phenotype in DADA2
Authors: Hashem Hasan , Kumar Ashish R. , Müller Ingo , Babor Florian , Bredius Robbert , Dalal Jignesh , Hsu Amy P. , Holland Steven M. , Hickstein Dennis D. , Jolles Stephen , Krance Robert , Sasa Ghadir , Taskinen Mervi , Koskenvuo Minna , Saarela Janna , van Montfrans Joris , Wilson Keith , Bosch Barbara , Moens Leen , Hershfield Michael , Meyts Isabelle
Published: October 2017

Key Points

HSCT represents an effective and definitive treatment of DADA2. HSCT can cure the immunological, hematological, and vascular phenotype of DADA2 with 100% survival at median follow-up of 18 months.
Giving and Gambling
Authors: Delalande Nicolas
Published: October 2017

In 1933 a national lottery was created in France on a temporary basis. It was intended to fund in part the war veterans' pensions. Although lotteries had been forbidden and despised since 1836, this institution soon became a strong pillar of the fiscal system in France and in other European countries. This article explores the origins of this story and shows how, in the early 1930s, a small association of war veterans, the Gueules Cassées, were instrumental in shifting the boundaries among the gift, gambling, and solidarity. Looking for new resources in the midst of a deep economic crisis, the state found inspiration in this private experiment. The lottery's success depended on its appeal to charity, the players' greed, and fierce competition between public and private actors. This study highlights the contradictory and forgotten origins of the French welfare state, at the crossroads of philanthropy, market, and public sphere.

En 1933 fut créée, de façon d'abord temporaire, une loterie nationale destinée à financer les pensions des anciens combattants. En quelques années, cette institution décriée, interdite depuis 1836, devint un levier essentiel du financement de l'Etat, aussi bien en France que dans d'autres pays européens. Cet article explore les origines de cette histoire en montrant comment, au début des années 1930, une opération lancée par une petite association, les Gueules cassées, contribua à déplacer les frontières entre le don, le jeu et la solidarité. En pleine crise économique, l'Etat s'inspira de cette initiative pour trouver de nouvelles ressources et honorer ses promesses. Le succès de la loterie s'appuya sur les appels à la bienfaisance, l'appât du gain et la mise en concurrence des acteurs publics et privés. Cette étude met ainsi en évidence les origines paradoxales et méconnues de l'Etat social français, au carrefour de la philanthropie, du marché et de la sphère publique.
The Consolation of Objects in Joyce’s
Authors: Castle Gregory
Published: October 2017

“The Consolation of Objects” takes seriously Nietzsche’s call to embrace what is, to love necessity. Amor fati for him entails the ability “to see what is necessary in things as what is beautiful in them.” Stephen Dedalus, in Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses, shows us how this love of fate is tied to the object-world. He first learns, in A Portrait, that words are linked to objects, and then learns that both objects and words harbor a secret significance. He learns that objects and things are not always congruent and that they possess radically different ontologies; the “thingness” or quality of being essential or “noumenal” that belongs to the object or word as object is not available for human perception, which must settle for the brute being of the object as given. He tries to understand what lies beyond this given reality, the quidditas (literally “whatness”) or thingness of the object. In Ulysses, Stephen learns a more valuable lesson: what lies in the liminal territory of his apprehension constitutes a knowable element of the object that lies beyond its sensible appearance. The “esthetic image” that illuminates his mind in A Portrait is now understood to be the dialectical image of the object’s withdrawal into being. He learns to accept the promise of the object’s being in the beauty of its necessary withdrawal. The consolation of objects is that they offer artists like Stephen an opening into worlds other than their own, a pathway toward what cannot be known, a half-step toward what all objects conceal.
The Modernist Inkblot
Authors: James Emily
Published: October 2017

This essay explores the inkblot as a modernist motif, from gothic children’s rhymes to the unlikely source material for Hermann Rorschach’s psychoanalytic measures. In the work of Virginia Woolf and James Joyce, the ephemeral trappings of pen and ink give rise to wayward, even subversive, scenes of writing. “The Modernist Inkblot” argues for the importance of material privacies to creative process, suggesting that the modernist imagination depends on inky free play. At stake here is modernism’s commitment to materiality—a steadfast attachment to pen, ink, and paper that unsettles critical assumptions about modernist technophilia.
Writing Underground: Ralph Ellison and the Novel
Authors: Alison Cheryl
Published: October 2017

In 1952, Ralph Ellison published Invisible Man to acclaim, though the novel’s subterranean ending has inspired critical debate. For over forty years afterward, he worked on his second novel, unfinished when he died in 1994. This article considers what was at stake for Ellison both in publishing as a novelist and in sustained composition. Through paying close attention to Ellison’s compositional style in Invisible Man, in addition to his work in the essay form, this account shows that despite Ellison’s desire to publish the novel, his approach to novel-writing indicates his investment in something more ongoing. Tying Invisible Man’s contentious ending to this conversation allows us to glimpse the shared, complex value of the anonymous narrator’s underground circumstances and Ellison’s creative process.
Radical Democracy
Authors: Gutiérrez Bernardo
Published: October 2017

Spanish cities have become laboratories for democracy that hold lessons for grass-roots organizers and politicians worldwide, writes journalist Bernardo Gutiérrez. He describes how the technology-based participatory strategies developed by hackers from the 15-M Movement, which served as a precursor to Occupy Wall Street, have spread to urban centers across Spain. After electoral wins in Barcelona, Madrid, A Coruña, and elsewhere, former activists have ushered in changes to the business of governance that offer a credible and compelling alternative to neoliberalism.
The Trump Effect
Authors: Corey-Boulet Robbie
Published: October 2017

After a backlash against gay rights in 2012, LGBT Liberians have begun to organize and be more public in their demands for equality. But two presidential races—last November’s election of Donald Trump and the selection of a successor to Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf this fall—threaten to undo that progress. Journalist Robbie Corey-Boulet reports on the challenges facing Liberia’s LGBT leaders as they contend with possible U.S. funding cuts and local politicians who are stoking homophobia.
Slender Trouble
Authors: Crawford Lucas
Published: October 2017

This article argues that queer theory must depart from three temporalities often attributed to fat bodies even in queer circles and theory—most notably by Lauren Berlant in the much-lauded Cruel Optimism. It asserts that figural exploitations of fatness have been too quickly accepted and demands that we rethink how we “figure” the matter of figure. Against fat temporalities that work according to the logics of fort/da, Nachträglichkeit, “before and after,” or, as Berlant puts it, fat as a “congealed form of history that hurts,” this article turns to often-ignored work on fat by Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick. A sustained reading of Sedgwick's poem “The Use of Being Fat” becomes the way through which this article argues for the possibility of a fat present/presence and the new fat hermeneutics required to notice the same. Queer theory will be left with two important methodological questions. First, how will accounts of queer affect weigh the import of fat and size, especially given the near ubiquity of homonormative abjections of fatness? Second, how will largesse live as and within queer readings and hermeneutics in such fat times?
The terminal nerve plays a prominent role in GnRH-1 neuronal migration independent from proper olfactory and vomeronasal connections to the olfactory bulbs
Authors: Taroc Ed Zandro M. , Prasad Aparna , Lin Jennifer M. , Forni Paolo E.
Published: October 2017

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons (GnRH-1 ns) migrate from the developing olfactory pit into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. Migration of the GnRH-1 neurons is required for mammalian reproduction as these cells control release of gonadotropins from the anterior pituitary gland. Disturbances in GnRH-1 ns migration, GnRH-1 synthesis, secretion or signaling lead to varying degrees of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), which impairs pubertal onset and fertility. HH associated with congenital olfactory defects is clinically defined as Kallmann Syndrome (KS). The association of olfactory defects with HH in KS suggested a potential direct relationship between defective olfactory axonal routing, lack of olfactory bulbs (OBs) and aberrant GnRH-1 ns migration. However, it has never been experimentally proven that the formation of axonal connections of the olfactory/vomeronasal neurons to their functional targets are necessary for the migration of GnRH-1 ns to the hypothalamus. Loss-of-function of the Arx-1 homeobox gene leads to the lack of proper formation of the OBs with abnormal axonal termination of olfactory sensory neurons (Yoshihara et al., 2005). Our data prove that correct development of the OBs and axonal connection of the olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons to the forebrain are not required for GnRH-1 ns migration, and suggest that the terminal nerve, which forms the GnRH-1 migratory scaffold, follows different guidance cues and differs in gene expression from olfactory/vomeronasal sensory neurons.