bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excellent hemostatic control during cardiac surgery in a patient with hemophilia B treated with albutrepenonacog alfa (rIX‐FP): A case report
Authors: López‐Jaime Francisco José , Fernández‐Bello Ihosvany , Calavia‐Aranda Eva , Reina‐Monsó Begoña , Montaño Adrián
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

In hemophilia patients undergoing cardiac surgery, ROTEM® and Quantra® viscoelastic tests are useful to monitor perioperative hemostatic status and a single dose of rIX‐FP is safe and avoids any hemorrhagic or thrombotic complication.

Cardiac surgery poses a high hemostatic risk in patients with hemophilia. We present the first case of an adult patient with hemophilia B on treatment with albutrepenonacog alfa (rIX‐FP) who underwent surgery for acute coronary syndrome. Treatment with rIX‐FP made it possible to perform the surgery safely.
Fe‐Ni2P@NPC Synthesized by Trametes Orientalis as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Tang Jia , Lei Xueqian , Wu Shuyue , Zhong Xiaohui , Deng Hong , Lin Zhang
Published: June 2023

Developing non‐noble metal catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is one of the main challenges in the production of hydrogen energy by water splitting reaction. Herein, taking advantage of the fact that microorganisms have high element contents and metabolic activities, we used them to recycle Ni and Fe from electroplating sludge. Based on the above, we designed a highly efficient oxygen evolution catalyst (Fe‐Ni2P@NPC) through the in situ synthesis of Fe‐doped Ni2P nanoparticles and N, P dual‐doped carbon materials coupled together. The material exhibited excellent catalytic activity, with a low overpotential of 282 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 along with a fast reaction kinetics, with a small Tafel slope of 57.1 mV dec−1. This outstanding OER performance is mainly attributed to the in situ doping of Fe in Ni2P nanoparticles, resulting in a strong synergistic effect between them. Besides, the strong coupling interaction between Fe‐Ni2P and Fe‐NiOOH formed during the OER can adjust the electron distribution and optimize the adsorption capacity of the intermediates. This work provides a reference for the recycling of valuable Ni and Fe metals from electroplating sludge, as well as new insight into the preparation of low‐cost and high‐performance OER catalysts.
Silver Catalysts Supported on High Surface Area α‐Alumina: Effect of Carbohydrate Template Size and Heat Treatment on Phase Purity
Authors: Keijzer Claudia J. , Dalebout Remco , de Rijk Jan Willem , Lockemeyer John R. , Lohr Tracy L. , van den Brink Peter , de Jongh Petra E.
Published: June 2023

α‐Alumina is a non‐porous metal oxide with applications in ceramics and catalysis. Introducing pores into this material to create catalytically relevant surface area is challenging due to phase transitions over a wide temperature range. Current synthesis strategies involve hard templates such as synthetic polymers, e. g. polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Here, we compare cellulose and carbonized glucose as low‐cost and natural alternative templates for high surface area α‐alumina with a two‐step heating method. Quantitative XRD was used to methodically investigate alumina phase purity. Increasing the template size in the range of 220–1000 nm improved α‐alumina purity from 75 to 98 %, while maintaining high surface areas (21–29 m2 g−1). Phase purity increases substantially by prolonging the calcination time. The synthesized high surface area α‐alumina was studied as support for silver catalysts in the epoxidation of ethylene and allowed high silver loadings. Ethylene oxide selectivity increased with enhanced α‐alumina phase purity. Our 30 wt % silver catalyst on pure high surface area α‐alumina did not show loss in selectivity compared to a 15 wt % silver catalyst on commercial non‐porous α‐alumina. This shows the potential of carbohydrate templates, the importance of templating parameters and the benefits of pure high surface area α‐alumina as support for silver catalysts.
Interaction of G‐quadruplex Forming DNA Aptamers with PAMAM Dendrimers Studied by Dynamic Light Scattering and UV‐VIS Spectrophotometry**
Authors: Garaiová Zuzana , Gašperová Martina , Šubjaková Veronika , Hianik Tibor
Published: June 2023

The complexes of G‐quadruplex forming DNA thrombin binding aptamers (TBA) and polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) were studied with the aim to form a model targeted drug delivery system. Hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential and melting temperature (Tm) were investigated by dynamic light scattering and UV‐VIS spectrophotometry. Non‐covalent adsorption by means of electrostatic interaction between positively charged amino groups of dendrimers (+) and negatively charged phosphate groups of aptamers (−) has driven the formation of aggregates. The size of complexes was in the range of 0.2–2 μm and depended on the type of dispersant, charge ratio (+/−) and temperature. Raising the temperature increased the polydispersity, new smaller size distributions were observed indicating the G‐quadruplex unfolding. The melting transition temperature of TBA aptamer was affected by the presence of amino‐terminated PAMAM rather than carboxylated succinic acid PAMAM−SAH dendrimer, thus supporting the electrostatic nature of interaction that disturbed denaturation of target‐specific quadruplex aptamer structure.
Analytical and behavioral characterization of N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyllysergamide (EIPLA), an isomer of N6–ethylnorlysergic acid N,N‐diethylamide (ETH‐LAD)
Authors: Brandt Simon D. , Kavanagh Pierce V. , Westphal Folker , Pulver Benedikt , Schwelm Hannes M. , Stratford Alexander , Auwärter Volker , Halberstadt Adam L.
Published: June 2023

Preclinical investigations have shown that N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropyllysergamide (EIPLA) exhibits lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)‐like properties, which suggests that it might show psychoactive effects in humans. EIPLA is also an isomer of N6‐ethylnorlysergic acid N,N‐diethylamide (ETH‐LAD), a lysergamide known to produce psychedelic effects in humans that emerged as a research chemical. EIPLA was subjected to analysis by various forms of mass spectrometry, chromatography (GC, LC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and GC condensed‐phase infrared spectroscopy. The most straightforward differentiation between EIPLA and ETH‐LAD included the evaluation of mass spectral features that reflected the structural differences (EIPLA: N6‐methyl and N‐ethyl‐N‐isopropylamide group; ETH‐LAD: N6‐ethyl and N,N‐diethylamide group). Proton NMR analysis of blotter extracts suggested that EIPLA was detected as the base instead of a salt, and two blotter extracts suspected to contain EIPLA revealed the detection of 96.9 ± 0.5 μg (RSD: 0.6%) and 85.8 ± 2.8 μg base equivalents based on LC–MS analysis. The in vivo activity of EIPLA was evaluated using the mouse head‐twitch response (HTR) assay. Similar to LSD and other serotonergic psychedelics, EIPLA induced the HTR (ED50 = 234.6 nmol/kg), which was about half the potency of LSD (ED50 = 132.8 nmol/kg). These findings are consistent with the results of previous studies demonstrating that EIPLA can mimic the effects of known psychedelic drugs in rodent behavioral models. The dissemination of analytical data for EIPLA was deemed justifiable to aid future forensic and clinical investigations.
Indirect interactions between pollinators drive interaction rewiring through space
Authors: Magrach Ainhoa , Artamendi Maddi , Lapido Paula Dominguez , Parejo Clara , Rubio Encarnacion
Published: June 2023

In recent years, an extended body of literature has focused on the importance of either temporal or spatial dynamics in shaping the structure of interacting plant and pollinator communities. This improvement from a previously static and aggregated perspective has allowed us to understand many of the ecological processes that shape community assembly. However, fewer are the studies that have simultaneously focused on spatial and temporal dynamics, and even fewer are those that collect data across different habitat types to assess the generality of their findings. Here, we used a dataset collected weekly throughout the full flowering season for two consecutive years and within two contrasting habitat types in N and SW Spain: a mountain grassland area and the understory of sparse pine forests. We evaluated species and interaction persistence through space and time, pollinator fidelity, and turnover patterns in interaction composition while providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the patterns observed. Our results show that although species generalization does not explain species or interaction persistence, moderately generalist species are those showing the greatest fidelity to the subset of plant species they visit through space and time. Further, we find that interaction turnover through time is mostly driven by changes in species composition, while through space it is mostly driven by interaction rewiring resulting from indirect competitive interactions between pollinator species. Our results help to shed light on the potential mechanisms driving community assembly patterns beyond niche or neutral processes by adding within‐trophic‐level interactions that can modify pollinator preferences.
Haemodynamic validation of the three‐step HFA‐PEFF algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Lanzarone Ettore , Baratto Claudia , Vicenzi Marco , Villella Francesco , Rota Irene , Dewachter Céline , Muraru Denisa , Tomaselli Michele , Gavazzoni Mara , Badano Luigi P. , Senni Michele , Vachiéry Jean‐Luc , Parati Gianfranco , Caravita Sergio
Published: June 2023

Aims

The HFA‐PEFF algorithm (Heart Failure Association‐Pre‐test assessment, Echocardiography and natriuretic peptide score, Functional testing in cases of uncertainty, Final aetiology) is a three‐step algorithm to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). It provides a three‐level likelihood of HFpEF: low (score < 2), intermediate (score 2–4), or high (score > 4). HFpEF may be confirmed in individuals with a score > 4 (rule‐in approach). The second step of the algorithm is based on echocardiographic features and natriuretic peptide levels. The third step implements diastolic stress echocardiography (DSE) for controversial diagnostic cases. We sought to validate the three‐step HFA‐PEFF algorithm against a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF based on rest and exercise right heart catheterization (RHC).

Methods and results

Seventy‐three individuals with exertional dyspnoea underwent a full diagnostic work‐up following the HFA‐PEFF algorithm, including DSE and rest/exercise RHC. The association between the HFA‐PEFF score and a haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF, as well as the diagnostic performance of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm vs. RHC, was assessed. The diagnostic performance of left atrial (LA) strain < 24.5% and LA strain/E/E′ < 3% was also assessed. The probability of HFpEF was low/intermediate/high in 8%/52%/40% of individuals at the second step of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm and 8%/49%/43% at the third step. After RHC, 89% of patients were diagnosed as HFpEF and 11% as non‐cardiac dyspnoea. The HFA‐PEFF score resulted associated with the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF (P < 0.001). Sensitivity and specificity of the HFA‐PEFF score for the invasive haemodynamic diagnosis of HFpEF were 45% and 100% for the second step of the algorithm and 46% and 88% for the third step of the algorithm. Neither age, sex, body mass index, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or paroxysmal atrial fibrillation influenced the performance of the HFA‐PEFF algorithm, as these characteristics were similarly distributed over the true positive, true negative, false positive, and false negative cases. Sensitivity of the second step of the HFA‐PEFF score was non‐significantly improved to 60% (P = 0.08) by lowering the rule‐in threshold to >3. LA strain alone had a sensitivity and specificity of 39% and 14% for haemodynamic HFpEF, increasing to 55% and 22% when corrected for E/E′.

Conclusions

As compared with rest/exercise RHC, the HFA‐PEFF score lacks sensitivity: Half of the patients were wrongly classified as non‐cardiac dyspnoea after non‐invasive tests, with a minimal impact of DSE in modifying HFpEF likelihood.
Distributed event‐triggered secondary control for microgrids applicable to directed communication graph
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Cai Hongda , Xia Yanghong , Yang Pengcheng , Zhou Yongzhi
Published: June 2023

Recently, distributed cooperative control has been popularly used in the secondary control of microgrids due to its reliability and flexibility. However, traditional distributed control schemes based on fixed‐cycle communication usually result in a waste of communication resources. Thus, this paper proposes an event‐triggered distributed control strategy that can significantly reduce the requirements of communication. In addition, compared with existing schemes, the proposed algorithm can achieve the secondary control goal in a directed graph, which can be applied to more scenarios, especially for weaker communication conditions. The stability of the strategy is investigated with the Lyapunov method. The simulation results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Magnetic field induced the assembling of Photothermal evaporator for efficient solar‐driven desalination
Authors: Zhou Mingyu , Han Peng , Qi Guicun , Gao Dali , Abdel‐Ghafar Hamdy Maamoun , Wang Yuchao , Tao Shengyang
Published: June 2023

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation is a sustainable and economical technology for freshwater generation. Structural design of photothermal material is an effective strategy to improve the evaporation performance but is usually bothered by complicated processes and non‐adjustability. Herein, magnetic nanoparticles assembled photothermal evaporator was developed, which showed an adjustable spinal array surface under uniform magnetic field induction. By regulating position in the magnetic field, the desirable surface structures could be uniform at relatively low load density of magnetic nanoparticles to improve light absorption via multiple reflections. Magnetic field induced evaporator could accelerate evaporation to over 1.39 kg m−2 h−1 under 1‐sun illumination, which was 2.8 times that of natural evaporation. After coated by carbon layer, magnetic nanoparticles could overcome the oxidation to realize stable evaporation in long‐term desalination. The facile strategy to optimize the surface structure via magnetic field is appropriate for various fields with special requirements on surface structure.

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Assessing the impacts of rural residential land and cropland transition on agricultural production in Northeast China
Authors: Cai Hongyan , Wang Ziwei , Du Guoming , Zhang Dingxiang
Published: June 2023

Transitions between cropland and rural residential land (RRL) significantly impact both the amount of cropland and the yields obtained, whereas these impacts were overlooked in the previous studies. Taking accumulated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index during the growing season as a surrogate of productivity, this study assessed the impacts of RRL expansion and reclamation on agricultural production between 2009 and 2018 in Northeast China (NEC), a region contributing one‐fifth of the nation's total grain yield. Especially, the productivity gap between the RRL‐reclaimed and traditional cropland was explored and discussed. From 2009 to 2018, the NEC has experienced an intense expansion and reclamation in RRL, resulting in approximately 6.66 × 104 ha of cropland disappearing and 1.32 × 104 ha supplemented. Transitions in land use between RRL and cropland decreased the regional crop production by 0.08%, with the percentage slightly lower than that of cropland that was lost (0.09%). This was mainly attributed to the productivity gap between the reclaimed and occupied cropland from/to RRL, with the former higher than the latter. Even so, the cropland reclaimed from RRL was less productive than traditional cropland in three provinces in NEC, ranging from 1.6% to 3.9%. This productivity gap varied by crop type and province. After discussing the productivity limitations, suggestions for future land use policy in rural China have been put forward.
Sex differences in vitamin D and behavioral profiles among children with allergic diseases
Authors: Li Chia‐Jung , Chang Ling‐Sai , Guo Mindy Ming‐Huey , Wang Liang‐Jen , Kuo Ho‐Chang
Published: June 2023

Previous studies have suggested that vitamin D has a protective effect on allergic diseases, while an individual's sex may have a moderating effect on the relationship between vitamin D and allergic‐related immunity. This study aimed to determine the role of vitamin D in children with coexisting allergic diseases in the context of sex differences and to explore the behavioral profiles of these patients. We recruited a total of 103 children with atopic diseases and divided them into four groups: males with one allergic disease (MA1, n = 20), males with two or more allergic diseases (MA2, n = 26), females with one allergic disease (FA1, n = 30), and females with two or more allergic diseases (FA2, n = 27). We measured serum calcium levels using the colorimetric method and serum 25‐OH vitamin D total levels using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We found that MA2 had significantly lower vitamin D levels than MA1 and FA2. The levels of IgE were negatively correlated with vitamin D in females, whereas the levels of IgE were not significantly correlated with vitamin D in males. Furthermore, serum IgE was significantly correlated with children's adaptive skills, and different sexes were associated with different aspects of adaptive skills. Our findings suggest a protective role of vitamin D in the development of one allergic disease against the coexistence of allergic diseases in males, as well as extend the evidence for sex differences in immunity by demonstrating a sex‐different correlation between IgE and vitamin D and the relationship between IgE and children's adaptive skills.
Symptomatic responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the cingulate cortex: Study of a cohort of epileptic patients and literature review
Authors: Xue Yansong , Yan Hao , Hao Guiliang , Gao Ying , Wang Xueyuan , Ni Duanyu , Qiao Liang , Shu Wei , Yu Tao
Published: June 2023

Our understanding of cingulate cortex function is limited. As a method for locating the epileptogenic zone, direct electrical cortical stimulation (ECS) provides an opportunity to understand the functional localization of the cingulate cortex. This study aimed to learn more about the function of the cingulate cortex by analyzing a large body of data from our center and by reviewing existing literature on cortical mapping. We retrospectively analyzed the ECS data of 124 patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy who had undergone electrode implantation in the cingulate cortex. The standard stimulation parameters included a biphasic pulse and bipolar stimulation at 50 Hz. Furthermore, we reviewed existing studies on cingulate responses elicited by the ECS and compared them with our results. A total of 329 responses were evoked in 276 contacts using ECS. Of these, 196 were physiological functional responses, which included sensory, affective, autonomic, language, visual, vestibular, and motor responses, along with a few other sensations. Sensory, motor, vestibular, and visual responses were concentrated in the cingulate sulcus visual area (CSv). Furthermore, 133 epilepsy‐related responses were evoked, most of which were concentrated in the ventral cingulate cortex. No responses were evoked by 498 contacts. Furthermore, the comparison of our ECS results with those reported in 11 comprehensive reviews revealed that the cingulate cortex is involved in complicated functions. The cingulate cortex is involved in sensory, affective, autonomic, language, visual, vestibular, and motor functions. The CSv is an integrating node of sensory, motor, vestibular, and visual systems.
Competency‐based medical education in the United States: What the otolaryngologist needs to know
Authors: Chen Jenny X. , Thorne Marc C. , Galaiya Deepa , Campisi Paolo , Gray Stacey T.
Published: June 2023

Competency‐based medical education (CBME) is an outcomes‐focused approach to educating medical professionals that will be central to future efforts to improve resident training in otolaryngology. The transition to CBME for otolaryngology in the United States will require the development of specialty‐specific assessments and benchmarks, the financial and administrative support for implementation, the professional development of faculty and learners, and the cooperation of all major stakeholders in graduate medical education. In this article, we describe the need for evidence‐based innovation in surgical training, the history of CBME in the United States, and the progress towards defining “entrustable professional activities” as the building blocks of assessments for CBME. We explore what such a paradigm shift in surgical education could mean for academic otolaryngologists by examining innovative educational practices in other surgical specialties and discussing foreseeable challenges in implementation for the American healthcare system.
Directivity‐enhanced planar slot antenna backed by substrate integrated waveguide cavity
Authors: Tu Yihang , Li En , Gao Yong , Sun Qiang , Long Jiawei , Gao Chong , Qin Lin , Qiu Yang , Yu Chengyong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, a directivity‐enhanced planar slot antenna (PSA) backed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity is proposed to solve the problem of maximum gain direction bias. According to the radiation principle of slot antenna, the reason for maximum gain direction bias is explained and the solution has been given. Ulteriorly, the problem of frequency bias caused by changing the directivity is also explained by resonance modes and solved by introducing the metal via. An example with 5.8 GHz which has the maximum gain of 5.28 dBi and the total thickness less than λ/4 is given. After structural optimization and measurement, the maximum radiation direction of improved antenna is 0° from the normal direction of antenna surface, and it maintains the good radiation performance and small size of the traditional PSA backed by SIW cavity.
Semi‐solid MT and APTw CEST‐MRI predict clinical outcome of patients with glioma early after radiotherapy
Authors: Kroh Florian , von Knebel Doeberitz Nikolaus , Breitling Johannes , Maksimovic Srdjan , König Laila , Adeberg Sebastian , Scherer Moritz , Unterberg Andreas , Bendszus Martin , Wick Wolfgang , Bachert Peter , Debus Jürgen , Ladd Mark E. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Korzowski Andreas , Goerke Steffen , Paech Daniel
Published: June 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the potential of asymmetry‐based (APTwasym), Lorentzian‐fit‐based (PeakAreaAPT and MTconst), and relaxation‐compensated (MTRRexAPT and MTRRexMT) CEST contrasts of the amide proton transfer (APT) and semi‐solid magnetization transfer (ssMT) for early response assessment and prediction of progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with glioma.

Methods

Seventy‐two study participants underwent CEST‐MRI at 3T from July 2018 to December 2021 in a prospective clinical trial four to 6 wk after the completion of radiotherapy for diffuse glioma. Tumor segmentations were performed on T2w‐FLAIR and contrast‐enhanced T1w images. Therapy response assessment and determination of PFS were performed according to response assessment in neuro oncology (RANO) criteria using clinical follow‐up data with a median observation time of 9.2 mo (range, 1.6–40.8) and compared to CEST MRI metrics. Statistical testing included receiver operating characteristic analyses, Mann–Whitney‐U‐test, Kaplan–Meier analyses, and logrank‐test.

Results

MTconst (AUC = 0.79, p < 0.01) showed a stronger association with RANO response assessment compared to PeakAreaAPT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02) and MTRRexMT (AUC = 0.71, p = 0.02), and enabled differentiation of participants with pseudoprogression (n = 8) from those with true progression (AUC = 0.79, p = 0.02). Furthermore, MTconst (HR = 3.04, p = 0.01), PeakAreaAPT (HR = 0.39, p = 0.03), and APTwasym (HR = 2.63, p = 0.02) were associated with PFS. MTRRexAPT was not associated with any outcome.

Conclusion

MTconst, PeakAreaAPT, and APTwasym imaging predict clinical outcome by means of progression‐free survival. Furthermore, MTconst enables differentiation of radiation‐induced pseudoprogression from disease progression. Therefore, the assessed metrics may have synergistic potential for supporting clinical decision making during follow‐up of patients with glioma.
Bloch simulator–driven deep recurrent neural network for magnetization transfer contrast MR fingerprinting and CEST imaging
Authors: Singh Munendra , Jiang Shanshan , Li Yuguo , van Zijl Peter , Zhou Jinyuan , Heo Hye‐Young
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To develop a unified deep‐learning framework by combining an ultrafast Bloch simulator and a semisolid macromolecular magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) MR fingerprinting (MRF) reconstruction for estimation of MTC effects.

Methods

The Bloch simulator and MRF reconstruction architectures were designed with recurrent neural networks and convolutional neural networks, evaluated with numerical phantoms with known ground truths and cross‐linked bovine serum albumin phantoms, and demonstrated in the brain of healthy volunteers at 3 T. In addition, the inherent magnetization‐transfer ratio asymmetry effect was evaluated in MTC‐MRF, CEST, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement imaging. A test–retest study was performed to evaluate the repeatability of MTC parameters, CEST, and relayed nuclear Overhauser enhancement signals estimated by the unified deep‐learning framework.

Results

Compared with a conventional Bloch simulation, the deep Bloch simulator for generation of the MTC‐MRF dictionary or a training data set reduced the computation time by 181‐fold, without compromising MRF profile accuracy. The recurrent neural network–based MRF reconstruction outperformed existing methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy and noise robustness. Using the proposed MTC‐MRF framework for tissue‐parameter quantification, the test–retest study showed a high degree of repeatability in which the coefficients of variance were less than 7% for all tissue parameters.

Conclusion

Bloch simulator–driven, deep‐learning MTC‐MRF can provide robust and repeatable multiple‐tissue parameter quantification in a clinically feasible scan time on a 3T scanner.
A review of fused filament fabrication of continuous natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites: Techniques and materials
Authors: Tao Yubo , Li Peng , Zhang Jingfa , Wang Shoujuan , Shi Sheldon Q. , Kong Fangong
Published: June 2023

The combination of continuous natural fiber and fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing enables the manufacturing of low carbon emitting, environment friendly, lightweight, and high strength biomass composites with designated geometry characteristics. In current literature, reviews associated with continuous fiber 3D printing primarily cover synthetic fibers, such as carbon fiber, Kevlar, and glass fiber. Very few pieces of literature on the FFF printing of continuous natural fibers are available. Techniques/methodologies for incorporating continuous natural fiber reinforcements in FFF is an emerging field of research. A comprehensive review and discussion on current progress and the future prospects of continuous natural fiber 3D printing would be beneficial to its development. This article summarizes the current research status of continuous natural fiber 3D printing, including information on printing techniques, materials, and the influence of printing parameters on composite properties, so as to provide reference for the future development of FFF technology using continuous natural fiber and thermoplastic composites.
Application of process safety management principles to laboratory safety management
Authors: Bin Yep Abu Muhammad Rithaudin , Lim Kok Hwa
Published: June 2023

Management of teaching and research laboratories at the university becomes increasingly complex when they become hybrid laboratories that function as both concurrently. To ensure the safety of people and assets, selected process safety management elements were adopted to establish a robust approach to laboratory safety management. These elements were adapted to meet the requirements of a regularly changing work environment (i.e., research activities) and laboratory users (i.e., undergraduates and researchers). The application focused on the user as well as technical aspects, ranging from employee participation to management of change. The fundamental objective was to create and sustain a laboratory safety culture that protects all laboratory users and minimizes asset damage.
Critical Factors to Understanding the Electrochemical Performance of All‐Solid‐State Batteries: Solid Interfaces and Non‐Zero Lattice Strain
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Lee Wontae , Seok Jangwhan , Kim Minji , Park Sangbin , Lee Hyunbeom , Kim Young‐Jun , Yoon Won‐Sub
Published: June 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium batteries have been developed to secure safety by substituting a flammable liquid electrolyte with a non‐flammable solid electrolyte. However, owing to the nature of solids, interfacial issues between cathode materials and solid electrolytes, including chemical incompatibility, electrochemo‐mechanical behavior, and physical contact, pose significant challenges for commercialization. Herein, critical factors for understanding the performance of all‐solid‐state batteries in terms of solid interfaces and non‐zero lattice strains are identified through a strategic approach. The initial battery capacity can be increased via surface coating and electrode‐fabrication methods; however, the increased lattice strain causes significant stress to the solid interface, which degrades the battery cycle life. However, this seesaw effect can be alleviated using a more compacted electrode microstructure between the solid electrolyte and oxide cathode materials. The compact solid interfaces contribute to low charge‐transfer resistance and a homogeneous reaction between particles, thereby leading to improved electrochemical performance. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, a correlation between the uniformity of the electrode microstructure and electrochemical performance through the investigation of the reaction homogeneity among particles. Additionally, this study furthers the understanding of the relationship between electrochemical performance, non‐zero lattice strain, and solid interfaces.
Towards AIOps enabled services in continuously evolving software‐intensive embedded systems
Authors: Dakkak Anas , Bosch Jan , Holmstrom Olsson Helena
Published: June 2023

Continuous deployment has been practiced for many years by companies developing web‐ and cloud‐based applications. To succeed with continuous deployment, these companies have a strong collaboration culture between the operations and development teams. In addition, these companies use AI, analytics, and big data to assist with time‐consuming postdeployment activities such as continuous monitoring and fault identification. Thus, the term AIOps has evolved to highlight the importance and difficulty of maintaining highly available applications in a complex and dynamic environment. In contrast, software‐intensive embedded systems often provide customer product‐related services, such as maintenance, optimization, and support. These services are critical for these companies as they provide significant revenue and increase customer satisfaction. Therefore, the objective of our study is to gain an in‐depth understanding of the impact of continuous deployment on product‐related services provided by software‐intensive embedded systems companies. In addition, we aim to understand how AIOps can support continuous deployment in the context of software‐intensive embedded systems. To address this objective, we conducted a case study at a large and multinational telecommunications systems provider focusing on the radio access network (RAN) systems for 4G and 5G networks. The company provides RAN products and three complementing services: rollout, optimization, and customer support. The results from the case study show that the boundaries between product‐related services become blurry with continuous deployment. In addition, product‐related services, which were conducted in sequence by independent projects, converge with continuous deployment and become part of the same project. Further, AIOps platforms play an important role in reducing costs and increasing postdeployment activities' efficiency and speed. These results show that continuous deployment has a profound impact on the software‐intensive system's provider service organization. The service organization becomes the connection between the R&D organization and the customer. In order to cope with the increased speed of releases, deployment and postdeployment activities need to be largely automated. AIOps platforms are seen as a critical enabler in managing the increasing complexity without increasing human involvement.
Environment‐Adaptable Rotational Energy Harvesters Based on Nylon‐core Coiled Carbon Nanotube Yarns
Authors: Mun Tae Jin , Moon Ji Hwan , Park Jong Woo , Baughman Ray H. , Kim Seon Jeong
Published: June 2023

Owing to increasing amount of research on energy harvesting, studies on harvesters for practical application and their performance are attracting attention. Therefore, studies on the use of continuous energy as an energy source for energy‐harvesting devices are being conducted, and fluid flows, e.g., wind, river flow, and sea wave, are widely used as input energy sources for continuous energy harvesting. A new energy‐harvesting technology has emerged based on the mechanical stretch and release of coiled carbon nanotube (CNT) yarns, which generate energy based on the change in the electrochemical double‐layer capacitance. First, this CNT yarn–based mechanical energy harvester is demonstrated, which is applicable to various environments where fluid flow exists. This environment‐adaptable harvester uses rotational energy as the mechanical energy source and is tested in river and ocean environments. Moreover, an attachable‐type harvester for the application of the existing rotational system is devised. In the case of a slow rotational environment, a square‐wave strain‐applying harvester has been implemented, which can convert sinusoidal strain motion into square‐wave strain motion for high output voltages. To achieve high performance of practical harvesting applications, a scale‐up method for powering signal‐transmitting devices has been implemented.
Crack monitoring on concrete structures: Comparison of various distributed fiber optic sensors with digital image correlation method
Authors: Herbers Max , Richter Bertram , Gebauer Daniel , Classen Martin , Marx Steffen
Published: June 2023

The quality of strain measurements using distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) depends largely on the bond between the host material and the optical fiber. Experimental investigations were carried out to test the suitability of five different DFOS types for crack monitoring. The DFOS were subsequently bonded to two 4 m long reinforced concrete (RC) beams, so that the influence of the application technique could be evaluated. DFOS measurements were verified by digital image correlation (DIC) and electrical strain gauges (SGs). For the different DFOS types, clear differences in the measured strain curves and determined crack widths were observed. The focus was on two robust DFOS, which can be deployed on construction sites. Compared to the layered sensing cable, a monolithic DFOS showed a clear strain distribution with pronounced strain peaks even for closely spaced cracks. The crack widths obtained by integrating the strain curves showed high agreement with DIC measurements.
Evaluation of recurrent laryngeal neuropathy in domestic and feral horse populations in Australia using histologic and immunohistochemical analysis: A pilot study
Authors: Lean Natasha E. , Franklin Samantha H. , Steel Cate , Woolford Lucy , White Jason , Ahern Benjamin J.
Published: June 2023

Background

Little is known about potential differences in the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (Lrln) and left cricoarytenoideus dorsalis (LCAD) muscle between domestic and feral horse populations. If a difference exists, feral horses may provide a useful control population for research related to recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN) and increase our understanding of potential population pressures influencing the incidence RLN.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to compare the Lrln and LCAD of domestic and feral horses using histological and immunohistochemical techniques (IHC).

Methods

Sixteen horses, domestic (n= 8) and feral (n= 8), without clinical or ancillary examinations that were processed at an abattoir had the Lrln and LCAD muscle harvested immediately following death. Carcass weights were recorded. Subjective and morphometric histologic assessment were performed on Lrln sections. The LCAD was assessed for myosin heavy chain (fibre type proportion, diameter and grouping using IHC.

Results

Fibre‐type grouping consistent with RLN was seen in both groups. Regenerating fibre clusters were more common in domestic compared to feral horses (p= 0.04). No other histologic differences occurred between groups. Muscle fibre typing demonstrated a lower mean percentage of type IIX fibres in the feral group compared to the domestic group (p= 0.03). There was no difference in type I or IIA proportions or mean diameter of any fibre type between the groups.

Conclusions

The domestic population showed evidence of nerve regeneration suggesting RLN in this group, yet this was not supported by the higher proportion of type IIX muscle fibres compared to the feral population. Further evaluation to clarify the significance and wider occurrence of the differences is indicated.
Metabolism of ropinirole is mediated by several canine CYP enzymes
Authors: Tervahauta Tuomas , Uutela Päivi , Koskinen Mikko
Published: June 2023

Background

Ropinirole has been shown to provoke vomiting in dogs by activating the dopamine D2‐like receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone. In humans, ropinirole is metabolized primarily by CYP1A2. Corresponding dog CYP1A2 is known to be a polymorphic enzyme which can cause variation in pharmacokinetics of compounds metabolised via this enzyme.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to understand metabolic clearance of ropinirole in dogs, the enzymes involved in ropinirole metabolism and specially to estimate whether the clearance can be sensitive towards the polymorphism of canine CYP1A2.

Methods

Metabolism of ropinirole was studied in dog hepatocytes and specific recombinant canine CYP isoforms. Metabolite identification and metabolite formation were evaluated using LC–mass spectrometry.

Results

Ropinirole was moderately stable in dog hepatocytes with Clint of 16.3 μL/min/million cells, and the metabolites detected were 7‐hydroxy ropinirole and respective glucuronide conjugate as well as despropyl ropinirole. Regarding recombinant CYPs either 7‐hydroxy ropinirole, despropyl ropinirole or both were detected for each CYP isoform studied. The highest rates of metabolite formation were observed in CYP2B11, CYP2C21, CYP2D15, CYP1A2 and CYP1A1. Fluvoxamine, a fairly selective human CYP1A/CYP2C19 inhibitor inhibited ropinirole metabolism by CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2B11, CYP2C21 and CYP2D15 for 65.8%–100% showing no selectivity towards canine CYP isoforms.

Conclusions

Although human metabolism of ropinirole is mainly mediated through CYP1A2, the current study shows that several canine CYP isoforms are able to contribute to the clearance of ropinirole in dogs. This is expected to reduce a possible impact of canine CYP1A2 polymorphism on ropinirole pharmacokinetics.
Corpus Example: Using an Analytical Framework to Characterize First-Year Undergraduate Newspaper Article Writing
Authors: Sterk Florentine Marnel , van Goch Merel M.
Published: June 2023

This chapter details the analysis of a corpus of 140 newspaper articles based on a single academic source text written by first-year undergraduate liberal education students. The analysis is both quantitative and representational, and qualitative and inductive. It is quantitative in the sense that data were produced about the number of times each strategy was employed. In a second, qualitative step, the way the student writers employ each strategy is determined and categorized. In the original analysis, all 34 strategies in the analytical framework were analyzed, but to keep this chapter readable, we only present the results for one strategy out of each theme: describing the method from Subject Matter, applied implications from Tailoring Information to the Reader, mention of statistics from Credibility, stance markers from Stance, and references to the reader from Engagement. To conclude this chapter, we discuss the general insights that can be drawn from this analysis and consider the use of the analytical framework in didactic settings.
A 10d construction of Euclidean axion wormholes in flat and AdS space
Authors: Loges Gregory J. , Shiu Gary , Van Riet Thomas
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Euclidean wormhole geometries sourced by axions and dilatons are puzzling objects in quantum gravity. From one side of the wormhole to the other, the scalar fields traverse a few Planck lengths in field space and so corrections from the UV might potentially affect the consistency of the solution, even when the wormholes are large. Motivated by this, we carry out the first explicit 10d lifts of regular Euclidean axion wormholes. We start off with the lift of Giddings-Strominger wormholes in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 8 Euclidean supergravity over a 6-torus to 10d type IIA supergravity and find the solution can be everywhere tuned into the parametrically controlled supergravity regime. Secondly, we construct explicit wormholes in AdS spaces and find them again to be under parametric control. We find the first wormhole solutions in massive type IIA on S3 × S3 and in type IIB on T1,1. The latter has an explicit holographic dual, and similar to the earlier constructions in AdS5 × S5/ℤk, the wormholes violate operator positivity since Tr(F ± ⋆ F)2< 0. This puzzle might arise from subtleties related to computing holographic n-point functions in the presence of multiple boundaries.
Stochastic differential equation modelling of cancer cell migration and tissue invasion
Authors: Katsaounis Dimitrios , Chaplain Mark A. J. , Sfakianakis Nikolaos
Published: June 2023

Invasion of the surrounding tissue is a key aspect of cancer growth and spread involving a coordinated effort between cell migration and matrix degradation, and has been the subject of mathematical modelling for almost 30 years. In this current paper we address a long-standing question in the field of cancer cell migration modelling. Namely, identify the migratory pattern and spread of individual cancer cells, or small clusters of cancer cells, when the macroscopic evolution of the cancer cell colony is dictated by a specific partial differential equation (PDE). We show that the usual heuristic understanding of the diffusion and advection terms of the PDE being one-to-one responsible for the random and biased motion of the solitary cancer cells, respectively, is not precise. On the contrary, we show that the drift term of the correct stochastic differential equation scheme that dictates the individual cancer cell migration, should account also for the divergence of the diffusion of the PDE. We support our claims with a number of numerical experiments and computational simulations.
Object detection in traffic videos: an optimized approach using super-resolution and maximal clique algorithm
Authors: García-Aguilar Iván , García-González Jorge , Luque-Baena Rafael Marcos , López-Rubio Ezequiel
Published: June 2023

Detection of small objects is one of the main challenges to be improved in deep learning, mainly due to the small number of pixels and scene’s context, leading to a loss in performance. In this paper, we present an optimized approach based on deep object detection models that allow the detection of a higher number of elements and improve the score obtained for their class inference. The main advantage of the presented methodology is that it is not necessary to modify the internal structure of the selected convolutional neural network model or re-training for a specific scene. Our proposal is based on detecting initial regions to generate several sub-images using super-resolution (SR) techniques, increasing the number of pixels of the elements, and re-infer over these areas using the same pre-trained model. A reduced set of windows is calculated in the super-resolved image by analyzing a computed graph that describes the distances among the preliminary object detections. This analysis is done by finding maximal cliques on it. This way, the number of windows to be examined is diminished, significantly speeding up the detection process. This framework has been successfully tested on real traffic sequences obtained from the U.S. Department of Transportation. An increase of up to 44.6% is achieved, going from an average detection rate for the EfficientDet D4 model of 14.5% compared to 59.1% using the methodology presented for the first sequence. Qualitative experiments have also been performed over the Cityscapes and VisDrone datasets.