bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The millipede genus Antichiropus (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae), part 3: species of the Pilbara bioregion of Western Australia
Authors: CAR CATHERINE A. , HARVEY MARK S. , HILLYER MIA J. , HUEY JOEL A.
Published: June 2019

The species of the millipede genus Antichiropus Attems, 1911 found in the Pilbara region of Western Australia are reviewed, and 33 new species are described. The new species are: A. anguinus Car, n. sp., A. antius Car, n. sp., A. apricus Car, n. sp., A. cirratus Car, n. sp., A. confragus Car, n. sp., A. cristatus Car, n. sp., A. cucumeraceous Car, n. sp., A. cunicularis Car, n. sp, A. echinus Car, n. sp., A. filiolus Car, n. sp., A. forcipatus Car, n. sp., A. georginae Car, n. sp., A. gibbus Car, n. sp., A. hystricosus Car, n. sp., A. julianneae Car, n. sp., A. literulus Car, n. sp., A. lucyae Car, n. sp., A. nicholasi Car, n. sp., A. nimbus Car, n. sp., A. patriciae Car, n. sp., A. pendiculus Car, n. sp., A. picus Car, n. sp., A. procerus Car, n. sp., A. quaestionis Car, n. sp., A. rupinus Car, n. sp., A. salutus Car, n. sp., A. servulus Car, n. sp., A. simmonsi Car, n. sp., A. sloanae Car, n. sp., A. spathion Car, n. sp., A. uvulus Car, n. sp., A. verutus Car, n. sp. and A. vindicatus Car, n. sp.. The number of described Antichiropus species now stands at 72. Two species (A. julianneae Car, n. sp. and A. pendiculus Car, n. sp.) lack one diagnostic feature of the genus, namely a solenomere process, but are included here because they conform to the genus definition in all other characters. We also obtained sequence data from four mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 [COI], cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 [COIII], cytochrome B [CytB], and 12S rRNA [12S]), and one nuclear gene (28S rRNA [28S]) for 19 species. Three main clades were recovered: one in the northern Pilbara, one in the southern Pilbara, and one just outside the south-western margin of the Pilbara.
A review of the Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862) species-group, with descriptions of fifteen new species and a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae)
Authors: VOLYNKIN ANTON V. , ČERNÝ KAREL , HUANG SI-YAO
Published: June 2019

The Barsine hypoprepioides (Walker, 1862) species-group is reviewed. Forty seven species and one subspecies belong to the species-group. Among them, fifteen species and one subspecies are new for science and described in the present paper: B. amoenissima sp. n. (Myanmar), B. selene sp. n. (Thailand and Laos), B. cao sp. n. (Thailand, Laos and Vietnam), B. speideli sp. n. (SE China, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam), B. mesomene sp. n. (NE India, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Laos and Vietnam), B. pandeia sp. n. (Vietnam), B. karenkensis wushipheri ssp. n. (S Taiwan), B. euryphaessa sp. n. (Vietnam), B. ivanovamariae sp. n. (Vietnam and SE China), B. eos sp. n. (Thailand), B. mene sp. n. (Thailand), B. syntypicoida sp. n. (Malaysia and Indonesia), B. dubatolovi sp. n. (The Philippines), B. visaya sp. n. (The Philippines), B. nemea sp. n. (The Philippines) and B. kishidai sp. n. (The Philippines). Eight new combinations are established: B. parameia (Rothschild, 1913), comb. n. B. takamukui (Matsumura, 1927), comb. n., B. karenkensis (Matsumura, 1930), comb. n., B. rhipiptera (Wileman & West, 1928), comb. n., B. chi (Roepke, 1946), comb. nov., B. salakia (Schaus, 1922), comb. n., B. marginis (Fang, 1991), comb. nov. and B. dentata (Wileman, 1910), comb. nov. The lectotype is designated for Lithosia hypoprepioides Walker, 1862. Adults, male and female genitalia of all species are illustrated.
The Essence of Mathematics Through Elementary Problems
Authors: Borovik Alexandre , Gardiner Tony
Published: June 2019

It is increasingly clear that the shapes of reality – whether of the natural world, or of the built environment – are in some profound sense mathematical. Therefore it would benefit students and educated adults to understand what makes mathematics itself ‘tick’, and to appreciate why its shapes, patterns and formulae provide us with precisely the language we need to make sense of the world around us. The second part of this challenge may require some specialist experience, but the authors of this book concentrate on the first part, and explore the extent to which elementary mathematics allows us all to understand something of the nature of mathematics from the inside.

The Essence of Mathematics consists of a sequence of 270 problems – with commentary and full solutions. The reader is assumed to have a reasonable grasp of school mathematics. More importantly, s/he should want to understand something of mathematics beyond the classroom, and be willing to engage with (and to reflect upon) challenging problems that highlight the essence of the discipline.

The book consists of six chapters of increasing sophistication (Mental Skills; Arithmetic; Word Problems; Algebra; Geometry; Infinity), with interleaved commentary. The content will appeal to students considering further study of mathematics at university, teachers of mathematics at age 14-18, and anyone who wants to see what this kind of elementary content has to tell us about how mathematics really works.
Probing the Response of Tropical Deep Convection to Aerosol Perturbations Using Idealized Cloud-Resolving Simulations with Parameterized Large-Scale Dynamics
Authors: Anber Usama M. , Wang Shuguang , Gentine Pierre , Jensen Michael P.
Published: June 2019

A framework is introduced to investigate the indirect effect of aerosol loading on tropical deep convection using three-dimensional limited-domain idealized cloud-system-resolving model simulations coupled with large-scale dynamics over fixed sea surface temperature. The large-scale circulation is parameterized using the spectral weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation that utilizes the dominant balance between adiabatic cooling and diabatic heating in the tropics. The aerosol loading effect is examined by varying the number of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) available to form cloud droplets in the two-moment bulk microphysics scheme over a wide range of environments from 30 to 5000 cm−3. The radiative heating is held at a constant prescribed rate in order to isolate the microphysical effects. Analyses are performed over the period after equilibrium is achieved between convection and the large-scale environment. Mean precipitation is found to decrease modestly and monotonically when the aerosol number concentration increases as convection gets weaker, despite the increase in cloud liquid water in the warm-rain region and ice crystals aloft. This reduction is traced down to the reduction in surface enthalpy fluxes as an energy source to the atmospheric column induced by the coupling of the large-scale motion, though the gross moist stability remains constant. Increasing CCN concentration leads to 1) a cooler free troposphere because of a reduction in the diabatic heating and 2) a warmer boundary layer because of suppressed evaporative cooling. This dipole temperature structure is associated with anomalously descending large-scale vertical motion above the boundary layer and ascending motion at lower levels. Sensitivity tests suggest that changes in convection and mean precipitation are unlikely to be caused by the impact of aerosols on cloud droplets and microphysical properties but rather by accounting for the feedback from convective adjustment with the large-scale dynamics. Furthermore, a simple scaling argument is derived based on the vertically integrated moist static energy budget, which enables estimation of changes in precipitation given known changes in surfaces enthalpy fluxes and the constant gross moist stability. The impact on cloud hydrometeors and microphysical properties is also examined, and it is consistent with the macrophysical picture.
Assessing the Quality of Southern Ocean Circulation in CMIP5 AOGCM and Earth System Model Simulations
Authors: Beadling R. L. , Russell J. L. , Stouffer R. J. , Goodman P. J. , Mazloff M.
Published: June 2019

The Southern Ocean (SO) is vital to Earth’s climate system due to its dominant role in exchanging carbon and heat between the ocean and atmosphere and transforming water masses. Evaluating the ability of fully coupled climate models to accurately simulate SO circulation and properties is crucial for building confidence in model projections and advancing model fidelity. By analyzing multiple biases collectively across large model ensembles, physical mechanisms governing the diverse mean-state SO circulation found across models can be identified. This analysis 1) assesses the ability of a large ensemble of models contributed to phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) to simulate observationally based metrics associated with an accurate representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), and 2) presents a framework by which the quality of the simulation can be categorized and mechanisms governing the resulting circulation can be deduced. Different combinations of biases in critical metrics including the magnitude and position of the zonally averaged westerly wind stress maximum, wind-driven surface divergence, surface buoyancy fluxes, and properties and transport of North Atlantic Deep Water entering the SO produce distinct mean-state ACC transports. Relative to CMIP3, the quality of the CMIP5 SO simulations has improved. Eight of the thirty-one models simulate an ACC within observational uncertainty (2σ) for approximately the right reasons; that is, the models achieve accuracy in the surface wind stress forcing and the representation of the difference in the meridional density across the current. Improved observations allow for a better assessment of the SO circulation and its properties.
Real-World Experience of a Standalone Robotic Device for Batch Compounding of Small-Volume Parenteral Preparations
Authors: Nurgat Zubeir A. , Alaboura Dina , Aljaber Rania , Mustafa Omar , Lawrence Myer , Mominah Maher , Al-Jazairi Abdulrazaq S. , Al-Jedai Ahmed
Published: June 2019

Purpose: Intravenous (IV) drugs prepared by a robotic device offer additional safeguards and advantages, which result in decreased errors and wastage, operational efficiency, and a retrievable electronic audit trail when compared with the traditional method of IV drug compounding. Objectives: To describe the real-world experience of using Robotic IV Automation (RIVA; ARxIUM) from its implementation phase (August-December 2014) through to its operational phase (March 2015-March 2018) for batch compounding of small-volume preparations. Method: The Data Warehouse and Analytics were used extensively to generate reports for batch-prepared small-volume preparations from the implementation phase (August 2014-December 2014) through to the operational phase (March 2015-March 2018). These reports analyzed cleaning history, doses produced by drug and size, waiting times, daily usage and the rejection rate data of RIVA. A self-administered structured questionnaire with open-ended and closed questions was administered to the experienced stakeholders on the performance of RIVA after the evaluation period. The response scales used anchors such as 1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The questionnaire contained a 5-point Likert scale of 16 domains, including demographic data. Results: The number of sterile products prepared by the robot averaged about 5000 per month when it was fully operational (March 2015-April 2018). The highest number of daily preparations was 335 with an average of 262 during our evaluation period; this involved 21 production queues and a run time of 17:42 h/d and an average of 16:33 h/d/wk. We were able to operate the robot at about 45% of its true capacity; this enabled us to prepare a minimum of 30% of the small-volume parenteral preparations required at the time. Responses from the closed questions resulted in the agreeance that the overall impression of RIVA was “very good.” The safety features of RIVA had a median score of being “very safe.” The real impact of the automation was felt during the downtime of the IV robot; at this point, staff could evaluate the impact the robot had on the work flow within the IV room. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that it is feasible to replace some of the manual compounding of small-volume parenteral preparations through batch compounding using an IV robotic device. Despite operating the robot at about 45% of its true capacity, we prepared a minimum of 30% of our high-load small-volume parenteral preparations, which was our goal. Having proactive inventory planning would maximize the use of the IV robot and reduce the idle time, thus enabling the robot to function to its maximum potential and increase its efficiency.
Truck-Driving Jobs: Are They Headed for Rapid Elimination?
Authors: Gittleman Maury , Monaco Kristen
Published: June 2019

The authors analyze the potential effects of automation on the jobs of truck drivers and conclude that media accounts predicting the imminent loss of millions of truck-driving jobs are overstated. Their conclusion is based on three main factors. First, the count of truck drivers is often inflated due to a misunderstanding of the occupational classification system used in federal statistics. Second, truck drivers do more than drive, and these non-driving tasks will continue to be in demand. Third, the requirements of technology, combined with complex regulations over how trucks can operate in the United States, imply that certain segments of trucking will be easier to automate than others. Long-haul trucking (which constitutes a minority of jobs) will be much easier to automate than will short-haul trucking (or the last mile), in which the bulk of employment lies. Although technology will likely transform the status quo in the trucking industry, it does not necessarily imply the wholesale elimination of the demand for truck drivers, as conventional accounts suggest.
The Impact of Community Size, Community Climate, and Victimization on the Physical and Mental Health of SGM Youth
Authors: Paceley Megan S. , Fish Jessica N. , Thomas Margaret M. C. , Goffnett Jacob
Published: June 2019

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience high rates of victimization leading to health disparities. Community size and community climate are associated with health outcomes among SGM youth; however, we lack studies that include them as covariates alongside victimization to understand their collective impact on health. This study utilized minority stress theory to understand how community context shapes experiences of victimization and health among SGM youth. SGM youth in one Midwestern U.S. state completed an online survey ( n = 201) with measures of physical health, mental health, community context, and victimization. Data were analyzed via multiple regression using a path analysis framework. Results indicate that perceived climate was associated with mental, but not physical, health; Community size was unrelated to health outcomes. Victimization mediated the association between community climate and mental health. Findings are discussed in light of current literature and implications for research and practice are shared.
Adaptive fault-tolerant control for a joint flexible manipulator based on dynamic surface
Authors: Wang Lijun , Zhang Dan , Liu Jinkun , Huang Haifeng , Shi Qiuyue , Liu Ningxi
Published: June 2019

In order to solve the problem of actuator failure of flexible joint manipulator, adaptive fault-tolerant control for a flexible manipulator with bounded disturbance is proposed, both actuator partial failure and actuator stuck are considered. The control lows are devised by means of the dynamic surface technique, and the bounded disturbance is compensated via the design of robust items. The stability of the control system is guaranteed via the Lyapunov method. The effectiveness of the theoretical schemes is finally verified by two simulation examples.
Management of Incus Defects in Children: Comparison of Incus Transposition Versus Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Guler Ismail , Kum Rauf Oguzhan
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the functional results of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and incus transposition (IT) used for treatment of incus long process defects in pediatric patients. The medical records of 40 patients, aged 10 to 16 years, who underwent ossicular reconstruction due to incus long process defect between January 2010 and July 2017 were reviewed for age and gender, types of ossiculoplasty technique, types of graft used for tympanic membrane repair, preoperative–postoperative audiological examinations, and length of follow-up. The mean preoperative air-bone gap (ABG) was 29.40 (8.47) dB, the mean postoperative ABG was 15.25 (8.55) dB in the entire group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < .001). The functional outcome (ABG ≤ 20 dB) was 80% (32 patients) in the entire group. The mean hearing gain was 18.83 (9.43) dB and postoperative mean ABG was 20 dB or better in 17 (94.4%) patients in the GIC group. The mean hearing gain was 10.31 (9.44) dB, and postoperative mean ABG was 20 dB or better in 14 (63.6%) patients in the IT group. The mean hearing gain was significantly higher in the GIC group than in the IT group ( P = .026), and the postoperative mean ABG was significantly higher in the IT group than in the GIC group ( P = .045). The functional success rates were significantly higher in GIC group than in IT group ( P = .020). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in terms of postoperative speech reception threshold and word recognition scores ( P = .628, P = .260, respectively). The graft success rates were 94.4% (17 patients) in the GIC group and 90.9% (20 patients) in the IT groups. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in operated side ( P = 1.000). Reconstruction of small incus long process defects using GIC is a valuable technique and can be safely used in pediatric patients. The hearing outcomes are significantly better in GIC rebridging technique when compared with a sculpted IT technique.
Vicarious Experience to Affect Physical Activity in Women: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Rowland Sheri A. , Cohen Marlene Z. , Pullen Carol H. , Schulz Paula S. , Berg Kris E. , Kupzyk Kevin A. , Pozehl Bunny J. , Yates Bernice C.
Published: June 2019

People compare themselves to others for self-evaluation, practical information, and motivation for healthy behaviors. The effect of active peer models on comparative thinking is unknown. The purpose of this 12-week, randomized, two-group pilot study was to evaluate the effect of a workplace peer modeling intervention on self-efficacy, motivation, and comparative thinking. The attention control group (ACG; n = 24) received general health information. The intervention group ( n = 26) met with active peer models, received an exercise prescription and information. No significant group by time interaction effects were found. Comparisons on ability (how well am I doing), opinions (what should I think or believe), future self (think about my future), and modeling (be like someone else) all increased in the intervention group ( n = 21) but decreased in the ACG ( n = 22). Active peer models may support physical activity behavior change through specific lines of comparative thinking.
Probabilistic planning with formal performance guarantees for mobile service robots
Authors: Lacerda Bruno , Faruq Fatma , Parker David , Hawes Nick
Published: June 2019

We present a framework for mobile service robot task planning and execution, based on the use of probabilistic verification techniques for the generation of optimal policies with attached formal performance guarantees. Our approach is based on a Markov decision process model of the robot in its environment, encompassing a topological map where nodes represent relevant locations in the environment, and a range of tasks that can be executed in different locations. The navigation in the topological map is modeled stochastically for a specific time of day. This is done by using spatio-temporal models that provide, for a given time of day, the probability of successfully navigating between two topological nodes, and the expected time to do so. We then present a methodology to generate cost optimal policies for tasks specified in co-safe linear temporal logic. Our key contribution is to address scenarios in which the task may not be achievable with probability one. We introduce a task progression function and present an approach to generate policies that are formally guaranteed to, in decreasing order of priority: maximize the probability of finishing the task; maximize progress towards completion, if this is not possible; and minimize the expected time or cost required. We illustrate and evaluate our approach with a scalability evaluation in a simulated scenario, and report on its implementation in a robot performing service tasks in an office environment for long periods of time.
Delivering an Integrated Package of Maternal Nutrition Services in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana (India)
Authors: Sethi Vani , Tiwari Khyati , Sareen Neha , Singh Suneeta , Mishra Chittaranjan , Jagadeeshwar M. , Sunitha K. , Kumar S. Vijay , de Wagt Arjan , Sachdev H. P. S.
Published: June 2019

Background:

Maternal spot feeding programs operational in southern Indian States are providing a package of nutrition services (food, micronutrient supplementation, deworming, gestation weight gain monitoring, and fortnightly nutrition health education) to pregnant women. These remain to be evaluated.

Objective:

We evaluated the maternal spot feeding programs in 2 Southern Indian states.

Methods:

Study design was cross-sectional entailing primary data collection (July to November 2016) on 360 pregnant and lactating women (of infants aged 0-6 months) per state and a review of the scheme’s management information system (MIS) beneficiaries’ records for the time period April 2014 to August 2017. To gain program functioning insights, open-ended interviews (n = 252) with state, district, and block program managers a state-level open space technology workshop was conducted.

Results:

Average days of meal consumption ranged from 19 to 21 days per month; spot meal enhanced high dietary diversity (≥6 food groups; 57%-59%) and consumption of eggs and milk (74%-96%) among pregnant and lactating women. On-the-spot consumption of iron, folic acid, calcium, and deworming was 18%, 87%, and 56%, respectively; 94% attended at least 1 of the 2 nutrition monthly counseling sessions. Majority (68%) of the beneficiaries were motivated to enroll by self-help groups or family members, suggesting the crucial persuasive role of peers and family members.

Conclusion:

Maternal spot feeding schemes can potentially deliver nutrition interventions outlined in the World Health Organization antenatal care guidelines 2016 for a positive pregnancy outcome. Research on schemes’ impact on birth outcomes, maternal depression, social norms, and its cost-effectiveness is needed.
Loneliness in the United States: A 2018 National Panel Survey of Demographic, Structural, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics
Authors: Bruce Liana DesHarnais , Wu Joshua S. , Lustig Stuart L. , Russell Daniel W. , Nemecek Douglas A.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

To inform health behavior intervention design, we sought to quantify loneliness and its correlates, including social media use, among adults in the United States.

Design:

Cross-sectional research panel questionnaire.

Setting:

Responses were gathered from individuals in all 50 states surveyed via Internet from February 2018 to March 2018.

Participants:

A total of 20 096 US panel respondents aged 18+.

Measures:

The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (theoretical score range = 20-80) was administered along with demographic, structural, cognitive, and behavioral items.

Analysis:

After calibrating the sample to population norms, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis.

Results:

The overall mean survey-weighted loneliness score was 44.03 (standard error = 0.09). Social support (standardized β [sβ] = −0.19) and meaningful daily interactions (sβ = −0.14) had the strongest associations with lower loneliness, along with reporting good relationships, family life, physical and mental health, friendships, greater age, being in a couple, and balancing one’s daily time. Social anxiety was most strongly associated with greater loneliness (sβ = +0.20), followed by self-reported social media overuse (sβ = +0.05) and daily use of text-based social media (sβ = +0.03).

Conclusion:

Our findings confirm that loneliness decreases with age, and that being in a relationship as well as everyday behavioral factors in people’s control are most strongly related to loneliness. Population health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving social support, decreasing social anxiety, and promoting healthy daily behaviors.
No Association Found Between Midlife Seropositivity for Infection and Subsequent Cognitive Decline: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS)
Authors: George Kristen M. , Folsom Aaron R. , Norby Faye L. , Lutsey Pamela L.
Published: June 2019

Infections of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Helicobacter pylori, and Chlamydia pneumoniae may play a role in cognitive decline via systemic inflammation. We hypothesized that Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants who were seropositive in midlife for antibodies to HSV-1, CMV, H pylori, or C pneumoniae would have an accelerated rate of cognitive decline over 20 years. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities performed a case-cohort study involving a stratified random sample of participants tested for serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to the pathogens of interest. We conducted a longitudinal study using this cohort. Cognitive change was measured using Z scores from the Delayed Word Recall (DWR), Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS), and Word Fluency (WF) Tests administered at visits 2 (1990-1992), 4 (1996-1998), and 5 (2011-2013). Linear regression models with generalized estimating equations and inverse probability of attrition weights were used to evaluate associations between infection and cognitive performance. Four hundred twenty-six participants were analyzed, of which 3% were seronegative for all 4 infections, 14% seropositive for one, 33% and 34% seropositive for 2 and 3, respectively, and 16% seropositive for all infections. At baseline, test scores were significantly lower for participants seropositive for H pylori and C pneumoniae. After baseline covariate adjustment, the rate of decline in DWR, DSS, WF, and global Z scores did not differ significantly by infection status for any of the 4 infections. There was also no significant association between the number of infections for which participants were seropositive and cognitive decline. Our study provides no evidence supporting a longitudinal relationship between seropositivity and cognitive decline.
The Difficult Diagnosis of Posterior Cortical Atrophy in a 62-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Ziegler Georg C. , Haarmann Axel , Daniels Christine , Herr Alexandra
Published: June 2019

Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) describes a rare heterogenous neurodegenerative syndrome with early visuospatial and visuoperceptual deficits due to atrophy of parieto-occipital brain regions. Here, we describe the case of a 62-year-old woman showing severe cognitive impairments as well as hemianopsia and all core symptoms of Bálint's syndrome. Years ago, the patient had complained about a “tunnel view” and concentration problems. The diagnostic results point to a case of PCA with underlying Alzheimer pathology. The disease course until diagnosis lasted for 7 years, reflecting the diagnostic difficulties with this still largely unknown syndrome. The unfamiliar symptom presentation including fluctuations in cognitive performance, affective symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, which were at first inconspicuous, and a former suspected diagnosis of dissociative pseudodementia, altogether brought considerable uncertainty to the involved health-care professionals. We conclude that cases of “atypical dementia” presenting with visual symptoms, even if appearing unspecific at first, are suspect of PCA. This case report provides an ostensive overview of PCA, including imaging data, CSF-findings, original drawings and handwriting samples from the patient.
Adaptive Preferences: A Philosophical Issue Raised by an Expanded Model of Health
Authors: Reed Pamela G.
Published: June 2019

The concept of adaptive preferences, as a phenomenon that inhibits human flourishing, has received considerable attention in the philosophical literature but not so much in the nursing literature. Yet given the nursing perspective of health, it is a relevant, if not critical, problem for practice as well as an intriguing area for scientific inquiry. As background, I present a review of dominant philosophical models of health from which I synthesize an expanded model of health that integrates naturalist and normative philosophical dimensions. I then present current philosophical work on adaptive preferences and recommend that this philosophical concept represents an empirical health process in need of scientific study in nursing as a discipline focused on health and well-being.
Identifying and Overcoming Barriers for Implementing Watson’s Human Caring Science
Authors: Pashaeypoor Shahrzad , Baumann Steven L. , Sadat Hoseini Akram , Cheraghi Mohammad Ali , Chenari Hadi Ahmadi
Published: June 2019

The purposes of this paper are to identify and explore ways to overcome barriers to the implementation of Watson’s human caring science in Iran. A literature search was done of PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest, Web of science, and Google Scholar between 1991 and 2018 using the search terms Watson’s theory, clinical nursing, nursing theory, barriers to using theory, and carative factors or processes, separately and in combination. Organizational-level, practitioner-level, and educational barriers were found, and solutions for each are explored.
Open Access and Networked Science in Teaching-Learning: Bane or Blessing?
Authors: Yancey Nan Russell
Published: June 2019

In this era of exponential growth of technology, new opportunities seem to arise daily for doing the work of teaching-learning more efficiently and effectively. However, each new opportunity also has inherent risks and challenges that concurrently restrict such work. With technology providing the opportunity for scholars and researchers to connect across time, space, and artificial boundaries, two relatively newer phenomena have emerged: open access publishing and networked science. In this column, these phenomena are explored. Although rich with opportunities, these phenomena are fraught with potential dangers for nurse scientists and faculty. Clearly, as new possibilities unfold in nursing science and publishing, wisdom is needed to assure the integrity and rigor of the research being conducted and what is published.
Self and Family Management in Type 2 Diabetes: Influencing Factors and Outcomes
Authors: Emery Karin A. , Robins Jo , Salyer Jeanne , Thurby-Hay Linda
Published: June 2019

Type 2 diabetes impacts over 30 million Americans and that number is increasing. Fundamental to optimal Type 2 diabetes control and improved health outcomes consists is effective self-management. There are several factors that promote and inhibit sustained and effective self-management. The established and evidence-based self and family management framework is proposed here as a solution for guiding research and practice to improve self-management and outcomes in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
The Humanbecoming Concept Inventing Model: Feeling Overwhelmed
Authors: Kabigting Edwin-Nikko R.
Published: June 2019

The author in this paper discusses the phenomenon of feeling overwhelmed. Through the use of the humanbecoming concept inventing model, the author illuminates the now-truth of feeling overwhelmed as drowning frenzy amid potential calmness with the opportunities-restrictions of envisioning possibles. An ingenuous proclamation is presented and declared as imaging the enabling-limiting of transforming with the scholar’s chosen artform. These unique contributions offer illimitable opportunities for nurse scholars to advance knowledge of the universal humanuniverse living experience of feeling overwhelmed.
The Impact of a Training Intervention Developing Psychological Capital on Job Search Success
Authors: Georgiou Konstantina , Nikolaou Ioannis , Turban Daniel B.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore whether training job seekers in the positive psychological resource of psychological capital (PsyCap) facilitates their job search activities and outcomes. Adopting a quasi-experimental design, we examined the impact of the PsyCap training on job seekers success. Our findings demonstrated that those who received the PsyCap training (treatment group) demonstrated higher levels of job search behavior and obtained employment at a higher rate, 3 months following the intervention, compared to the control group. The important role of PsyCap in pursuing employment as well as the practical implications of developing the positive psychological resource of PsyCap are discussed.
Decoloniality, communality, and anti-semitism
Authors: Woods Maxwell
Published: June 2019

Although Latin American decolonial thinking has always maintained an interest in taking the theories and practices of the communities of Latin America’s colonized peoples seriously, the theorization of communality and communal systems has been a new focus of the last two decades. That is, the academic decolonial dedication to diversity and difference has recently been imagined as a pluriverse of communal systems. As such, this decolonial group of thinkers has been effectively demanding that the radical theories of communality produced by Indigenous communities of the Global South be taken seriously as real and viable alternatives to capitalism and representative democracy. Nevertheless, a critical engagement with Latin American decoloniality reveals a serious oversight in communal-oriented decoloniality: it fails to engage in a serious manner the millions throughout the world who are not or are perceived as not part of any community or are exiled from their community. To demonstrate this threat within the communal-oriented vision, one can look to another (de)colonial context ubiquitously overlooked in Latin American decolonial thought: Ireland. More precisely, as a reading of James Joyce’s Ulysses reveals, the communal-oriented Irish anti-colonialism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries contained a common mode of modern anti-Semitism: Jews belong to no community and uproot and hollow out the life of any community they encounter. This article argues that although the pluriversal vision of communal-oriented decoloniality is explicitly opposed to the denigration, dismissal, or rejection of any community, it can still be characterized by this other mode of othering: the denigration, villainization, and oppression of persons who are perceived as embodiments of anti-communality.
Ca2+ movement and cytotoxicity induced by the pyrethroid pesticide bifenthrin in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Chien J-M , Liang W-Z , Liao W-C , Kuo C-C , Chou C-T , Hao L-J , Jan C-R
Published: June 2019

Bifenthrin, a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide, evokes various toxicological effects in different models. However, the effect of bifenthrin on cytosolic-free Ca2+ level ([Ca2+] i) and cytotoxicity in human prostate cancer cells is unclear. This study examined whether bifenthrin altered Ca2+ homeostasis and cell viability in PC3 human prostate cancer cells. [Ca2+] i in suspended cells were measured using the fluorescent Ca2+-sensitive dye fura-2. Cell viability was examined by 4-[3-[4-lodophenyl]-2-4(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio-1,3-benzene disulfonate] water soluble tetrazolium-1 assay. Bifenthrin (100–400 μM) concentration-dependently induced [Ca2+] i rises. Ca2+ removal reduced the signal by approximately 30%. In Ca2+-free medium, treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone (BHQ) abolished bifenthrin-evoked [Ca2+] i rises. Conversely, treatment with bifenthrin abolished BHQ-evoked [Ca2+] i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 significantly inhibited bifenthrin-induced [Ca2+] i rises. Mn2+ has been shown to enter cells through similar mechanisms as Ca2+ but quenches fura-2 fluorescence at all excitation wavelengths. Bifenthrin (400 μM)-induced Mn2+ influx implicates that Ca2+ entry occurred. Bifenthrin-induced Ca2+ entry was inhibited by 30% by protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol 12-myristate 13 acetate) and inhibitor (GF109203X) and three inhibitors of store-operated Ca2+ channels: nifedipine, econazole, and SKF96365. Bifenthrin at 175–275 μM decreased cell viability, which was not reversed by pretreatment with the Ca2+ chelator 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy) ethane- N, N, N′, N′-tetra acetic acid-acetoxymethyl ester. Together, in PC3 cells, bifenthrin-induced [Ca2+] i rises by evoking PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ entry. Bifenthrin also caused Ca2+-independent cell death.
Statistical methods for detecting outlying and influential studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies
Authors: Negeri Zelalem F , Beyene Joseph
Published: June 2019

Bivariate random-effects models are currently widely used to synthesize pairs of test sensitivity and specificity across studies. Inferences drawn based on these models may be distorted in the presence of outlying or influential studies. Currently, subjective methods such as inspection of forest plots are used to identify outlying studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. We proposed objective methods based on solid statistical reasoning for identifying outlying and/or influential studies. The proposed methods have been validated using simulation study and illustrated on two published meta-analysis data. Our methods outperform and neglect the subjectivity of the currently used ad hoc methods. The proposed methods can be used as a sensitivity analysis tool concurrently with the current bivariate random-effects models or as a preliminary analysis tool for robust models that accommodate outlying and/or influential studies in meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies.
MicroRNA-101a Regulates Autophagy Phenomenon via the MAPK Pathway to Modulate Alzheimer’s-Associated Pathogenesis
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Yu , Peng Wenjie , Jia Yanjie , Tang Jinhua , Li Wanwei , Zhang John H. , Yang Jun
Published: June 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a type of neurodegenerative disorder and the most common form of dementia. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown to play a role in various diseases, including AD. It also has been reported to regulate autophagy. We extracted miRNA from blood samples and constructed an miRNA-101a lentivirus vector. In this study we found the level of miRNA-101a was significantly reduced in the plasma of patients with AD and APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mice. The relative expression of miRNA-101a exhibited a relatively high diagnostic performance (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.8725) in the prediction of AD with a sensitivity of 0.913 and a specificity of 0.733 at the threshold of 0.6463. Under electron microscopy, autophagic vacuoles in AD-related cells numbered more than the cells up-regulating miRNA-101a in the in vitro experiments. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot results proved that the MAPK1 pathway plays a role in the formation of autophagic vacuoles in AD. This study found that the autophagy phenomenon regulated by miRNA-101a via the MAPK pathway might be a new mechanism in AD. This could provide new insights into AD formation and treatment.
Can celebrity athletes burst the echo chamber bubble? The case of LeBron James and Lady Gaga
Authors: Hayat Tsahi , Galily Yair , Samuel-Azran Tal
Published: June 2019

This study examines the case of basketball superstar LeBron James, who openly identifies as a liberal. Our analysis of LeBron James’ Twitter profile revealed normal distribution between liberals and conservatives following his account. We then compared James’ followers’ distribution to those of the singer Lady Gaga and liberal-tilting sport network ESPN and found that James’ followers’ distribution represented the most diverse distribution of the three accounts. We further found that James was the only liberal source in most of his conservative followers’ profiles. The findings highlight the potency of celebrity athletes to narrow the trend of political polarization.
Mother–child engagement in sports and outdoor activities: Intensive mothering, purposive leisure, and implications for health and relationship closeness
Authors: Knoester Chris , Fields Victoria T.
Published: June 2019

Using Fragile Families and Child Well-Being data ( N = 3252) from the US, this study examines mother–child interactions in sports and outdoor activities with their nine-year-old children, and their association with mothers’ perceptions of the extent to which they think they are a good parent. The study also considers the implications of these mother–child engagement activities for the health of both generations and for their feelings of relationship closeness. The results reveal that most mothers participate in sports or outdoor activities with their child once per week or more; also, mother–child interactions are positively associated with mothers’ perceptions of being a good parent. In addition, we find that mother–child interactions in sports and outdoor activities are positively associated with mothers’ reports of their health and relationship closeness, but that it is children’s organized sports participation (and not mother–child interactions in sports and outdoor activities) that is positively associated with the children’s reports of their health and mother–child relationship closeness. Overall, there is support for understanding mother–child interactions in sports and outdoor activities as extensions of intensive mothering expectations and purposive leisure goals, and interactions that have positive implications for health and relationship closeness.
Entrepreneurial Networking During Early Stages of Opportunity Exploitation: Agency of Novice and Experienced New Venture Leaders
Authors: Zheng Congcong , Ahsan Mujtaba , DeNoble Alex F.
Published: June 2019

We examine how the prior experiences of new venture leaders (NVLs) affect networking behaviors during the early stages of opportunity exploitation. We argue that lack of prior experience increases the unknowns that NVLs face when pursuing opportunity exploitation. Lack of technical experience increases technical unknowns, whereas lack of startup experience increases startup unknowns. Using a qualitative methodology, we investigate 22 NVLs and find that they differ on three dimensions: networking time orientation (short-term vs. long-term), desired benefits (operational vs. symbolic), and networking actions (deepening vs. broadening). We find that novice NVLs, those who lack technical or startup experience, tend to utilize short-term orientation, engage in network-deepening actions, and seek operational benefits from their networks to mitigate technical and startup unknowns. In contrast , dual-experienced NVLs, those with technical and startup experience, are guided by long-term orientations, network-broadening actions, and a focus on symbolic benefits. We also find that technical and startup veterans exhibit a combination of those behaviors. We contribute to the literature by posing a set of three propositions depicting differences in NVL networking behaviors based on differences in startup and/or technical experiences. This study, thus, highlights the influence of NVL experience on early-stage networks.
Improving Patient Experience in Hospital Settings: Assessing the Role of Toolkits and Action Research Through a Process Evaluation of a Complex Intervention
Authors: Mills Thomas , Lawton Rebecca , Sheard Laura
Published: June 2019

This article presents a process evaluation of the implementation and refinement of a patient experience toolkit (PET) by action researchers in six hospital wards in the English National Health Service (NHS). An initial assumption that health care professionals (HCPs) would use PET to improve patient experience proved unrealistic due to staff and service pressures. However, the action researchers’ facilitation of PET and their support during the implementation of quality improvement efforts filled in for HCPs’ lack of time. The findings suggest that the PET can be a successful guide for skilled facilitators working with HCPs, although excessive staff pressures should be avoided. Toolkits designed for implementation by HCPs should, therefore, be used sparingly; a more appropriate target audience may be facilitators. Furthermore, while the potential of action research is confirmed by this evaluation, HCPs’ time to engage in service improvement is found to moderate the success of this increasingly prominent methodology.
Residual Cancer Volume Predicts Clinical Outcome in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Nakao Ryuta , Konishi Eiichi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo , Yokota Isao , Urata Yoji , Yanagisawa Akio
Published: June 2019

Background. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of residual cancer volume (RCV) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who received esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods. We measured RCV by using complete stepwise sections at 6- to 8-mm intervals obtained from 81 ESCC patients with clinical stages IB to III. RCV was defined as the summation of all products of residual cancer area and thickness, and its cutoff value was set by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis on 3-year disease-specific survival (DSS). The multivariate analyses were performed in comparison with histopathological factors including tumor regression grades according to the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer (TRG-JPN) or reported by Becker et al (TRG-Becker). Results. The range of RCV was 0 to 49.3 cm3 (median = 1.4 cm3), and the cutoff value was set at 1.0 cm3 (sensitivity = 78%; specificity = 68%). In the Kaplan-Meier curve analysis with the log-rank test, RCV > 1.0 cm3 predicted poorer prognosis for relapse-free survival (RFS; 5-year RFS rate, 12% vs 47%; P < .001) and DSS (5-year DSS rate, 27% vs 61%; P < .001). The multivariate analyses by the Cox hazards model revealed that RCV > 1.0 cm3 was a factor predicting poor prognosis for RFS ( P = .013; hazard ratios [HR] = 2.62) and DSS ( P = .028; HR = 2.56) compared with histopathological factors including TRG-JPN; RFS ( P = .014; HR = 3.03) and DSS ( P = .045; HR = 2.71) compared with histopathological factors including TRG-Becker. Conclusions. The study suggested that determining RCV is a new method of predicting prognosis in ESCC patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.