bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
United States – Anti-Dumping Act of 1916 (Original Complaint by the European Communities) – Recourse to Arbitration by the United States under 22.6 of the DSU, WT/DS136/ARB, 24 February 2004: A Legal and Economic Analysis
Authors: Howse Robert , Staiger Robert W.
Published: September 2015

This arbitration on the level of countermeasures, pursuant to the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) 22.6, originates from findings against the United States with respect to a provision of the 1916 Anti-Dumping Act, which permits a private cause of action for treble damages against an alleged dumping importer or producer where the dumping meets certain criteria including, notably, a predatory intention. An unusual feature of this case is that, apparently, the provision in question has never been used, at least against the European Community (EC), the complainant. In any case, the provision in question was found to be in violation of the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, both because it would impose measures on dumping other than and in addition to anti-dumping duties, and because in so doing, the procedural requirements of the Anti-Dumping Agreement would not be followed.
THE DRINFELD–GRINBERG–KAZHDAN THEOREM IS FALSE FOR SINGULAR ARCS
Authors: Bourqui David , Sebag Julien
Published: September 2015

In this note, we prove that the Drinfeld–Grinberg–Kazhdan theorem on the structure of formal neighborhoods of arc schemes at a nonsingular arc does not extend to the case of singular arcs.
Morphological and phenological consequences of ex situ conservation of natural populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
Authors: Solberg Svein O , Yndgaard Flemming , Palmè Anna
Published: September 2015

Ex situ seed banks provide an effective conservation and utilization system for crops and their wild relatives. Efforts are made to reduce genetic drift in conservation, where regeneration is a critical step. In the present study, we examined eight wild populations of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) according to 13 morphological and phenological traits. Samples of original collected seed were grown and compared with plants from first and second ex situ generation, with commercial cultivars and landraces being included for purposes of comparison. Variance analysis and Tukey multiple comparisons of means showed that the commercial cultivars and landraces were clearly distinct from the wild populations and were excluded from the further analysis. Despite the fact that the wild accessions were collected from a geographically delimited region in Norway, they exhibited significant differences in several of the measured traits. The main phenotypic patterns remain after ex situ regenerations. However, the mean values for four of the examined traits (across accessions) did change significantly from one generation to the next. Two of the eight accessions had significantly changed from one generation to the next, a tendency was observed across all the studied traits. The results were discussed in terms of regeneration circumstances. Observed changes appeared to be directional, going from populations with predominantly wild morphological types towards plants more closely resembling the commercial cultivars. Such a directional change implies that selection or gene flow has been acting on the accessions during regeneration, rather than random changes owing to genetic drift.
Adolescent Defense Style as Correlate of Problem Behavior
Authors: Huemer Julia , Shaw Richard J. , Prunas Antonio , Hall Rebecca , Gross James , Steiner Hans
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Objective: Adolescent problem behaviors are often the visible results of intrapsychic distress. Defensive reactions are the unconscious means of managing intrapsychic distress. This cross-sectional study examines the strength of defensive style as measured by self-report on the Response Evaluation Measure (REM-71) relative to age, sex, and SES, as a correlate of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, as assessed by the Youth Self Report (YSR). Methods: A sample of 1,487 students from two suburban high schools completed self-report measures of defense style, self-esteem, and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Demographic variables (age, sex, and SES) were included as covariates. Results: Mature and immature defense style correlated as expected with problem behaviors. Demographic variables contributed minimally to the variance in the outcome variable. Conclusions: Defense style, as assessed by the REM-71, is a significant correlate of clinically elevated internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in youth as in adults. This study adds to the convergent validity of the REM-71.
Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Children with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: van Noort Betteke Maria , Pfeiffer Ernst , Lehmkuhl Ulrike , Kappel Viola
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Objective: Evidence-based treatment programs for children with anorexia nervosa (AN) are scarce, while their prognosis is negative and the incidence rate rises. A new therapeutic approach recently received positive attention: cognitive remediation therapy (CRT). This intervention targets inflexibility and the inability to perceive the bigger picture in persons with AN. So far, studies and case reports have focused on either adolescent or adult patients and less on young children with AN. This case report therefore describes and evaluates the implementation of CRT with a child with AN. Method: A 12-year-old girl with severe chronic AN was treated with 10 sessions of CRT. Her clinical and neuropsychological evaluations before, directly after and 7 months after CRT are reported. Additionally, the patient’s written and verbal feedbacks are reviewed. Results: At the 7-month follow-up the patient showed a stable healthy weight and reported a reduced presence of psychopathology. Her neuropsychological performance directly after CRT and after 7 months did not improve. Conclusions: The clinical evaluation of our case report suggests that CRT may be a promising add-on therapy in the clinical treatment of young girls with AN.
Managing chronic myeloid leukaemia in the elderly with intermittent imatinib treatment
Authors: Russo D , Malagola M , Skert C , Cancelli V , Turri D , Pregno P , Bergamaschi M , Fogli M , Testoni N , De Vivo A , Castagnetti F , Pungolino E , Stagno F , Breccia M , Martino B , Intermesoli T , Cambrin G R , Nicolini G , Abruzzese E , Tiribelli M , Bigazzi C , Usala E , Russo S , Russo-Rossi A , Lunghi M , Bocchia M , D'Emilio A , Santini V , Girasoli M , Lorenzo R Di , Bernardi S , Palma A Di , Cesana B M , Soverini S , Martinelli G , Rosti G , Baccarani M
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a non-standard, intermittent imatinib treatment in elderly patients with Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia and to answer the question on which dose should be used once a stable optimal response has been achieved. Seventy-six patients aged ⩾65 years in optimal and stable response with ⩾2 years of standard imatinib treatment were enrolled in a study testing a regimen of intermittent imatinib (INTERIM; 1-month on and 1-month off). With a minimum follow-up of 6 years, 16/76 patients (21%) have lost complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR), and 16 patients (21%) have lost MMR only. All these patients were given imatinib again, the same dose, on the standard schedule and achieved again CCyR and MMR or an even deeper molecular response. The probability of remaining on INTERIM at 6 years was 48% (95% confidence interval 35–59%). Nine patients died in remission. No progressions were recorded. Side effects of continuous treatment were reduced by 50%. In optimal and stable responders, a policy of intermittent imatinib treatment is feasible, is successful in about 50% of patients and is safe, as all the patients who relapsed could be brought back to optimal response.
mRNA export through an additional cap-binding complex consisting of NCBP1 and NCBP3
Authors: Gebhardt Anna , Habjan Matthias , Benda Christian , Meiler Arno , Haas Darya A. , Hein Marco Y. , Mann Angelika , Mann Matthias , Habermann Bianca , Pichlmair Andreas
Published: September 2015

The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein requires polymerase-II-transcribed RNA characterized by the presence of a 5′-cap. The cap-binding complex (CBC), consisting of the nuclear cap-binding protein (NCBP) 2 and its adaptor NCBP1, is believed to bind all capped RNA and to be necessary for its processing and intracellular localization. Here we show that NCBP1, but not NCBP2, is required for cell viability and poly(A) RNA export. We identify C17orf85 (here named NCBP3) as a cap-binding protein that together with NCBP1 forms an alternative CBC in higher eukaryotes. NCBP3 binds mRNA, associates with components of the mRNA processing machinery and contributes to poly(A) RNA export. Loss of NCBP3 can be compensated by NCBP2 under steady-state conditions. However, NCBP3 becomes pivotal under stress conditions, such as virus infection. We propose the existence of an alternative CBC involving NCBP1 and NCBP3 that plays a key role in mRNA biogenesis.
Activation of a dormant replication origin is essential for Haloferax mediterranei lacking the primary origins
Authors: Yang Haibo , Wu Zhenfang , Liu Jingfang , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Lei , Cai Shuangfeng , Xiang Hua
Published: September 2015

The use of multiple origins for chromosome replication has been demonstrated in archaea. Similar to the dormant origins in eukaryotes, some potential origins in archaea appear to be inactive during genome replication. We have comprehensively explored the origin utilization inHaloferax mediterranei. Here we report three active chromosomal origins by genome-wide replication profiling, and demonstrate that when these three origins are deleted, a dormant origin becomes activated. Notably, this dormant origin cannot be further deleted when the other origins are already absent andvice versa. Interestingly, a potential origin that appears to stay dormant in its native hostH. volcaniilacking the main active origins becomes activated and competent for replication of the entire chromosome when integrated into the chromosome of origin-deletedH. mediterranei. These results indicate that origin-dependent replication is strictly required forH. mediterraneiand that dormant replication origins in archaea can be activated if needed.
Discriminative imaging of maternal and fetal blood flow within the placenta using ultrafast ultrasound
Authors: Osmanski Bruno-Felix , Lecarpentier Edouard , Montaldo Gabriel , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Chavatte-Palmer Pascale , Tanter Mickael
Published: September 2015

Being able to map accurately placental blood flow in clinics could have major implications in the diagnosis and follow-up of pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Moreover, the impact of such an imaging modality for a better diagnosis of placental dysfunction would require to solve the unsolved problem of discriminating the strongly intricated maternal and fetal vascular networks. However, no current imaging modality allows both to achieve sufficient sensitivity and selectivity to tell these entangled flows apart. Although ultrasound imaging would be the clinical modality of choice for such a problem, conventional Doppler echography both lacks of sensibility to detect and map the placenta microvascularization and a concept to discriminate both entangled flows. In this work, we propose to use an ultrafast Doppler imaging approach both to map with an enhanced sensitivity the small vessels of the placenta (~100 μm) and to assess the variation of the Doppler frequency simultaneously in all pixels of the image within a cardiac cycle. This approach is evaluated in vivo in the placenta of pregnant rabbits: By studying the local flow pulsatility pixel per pixel, it becomes possible to separate maternal and fetal blood in 2D from their pulsatile behavior. Significance Statement: The in vivo ability to image and discriminate maternal and fetal blood flow within the placenta is an unsolved problem which could improve the diagnosis of pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction or preeclampsia. To date, no imaging modality has both sufficient sensitivity and selectivity to discriminate these intimately entangled flows. We demonstrate that Ultrafast Doppler ultrasound method with a frame rate 100x faster than conventional imaging solves this issue. It permits the mapping of small vessels of the placenta (~100 μm) in 2D with an enhanced sensitivity. By assessing pixel-per-pixel pulsatility within single cardiac cycles, it achieves maternal and fetal blood flow discrimination.
Surfactant-Templated Synthesis of Polypyrrole Nanocages as Redox Mediators for Efficient Energy Storage
Authors: Ahn Ki-Jin , Lee Younghee , Choi Hojin , Kim Min-Sik , Im Kyungun , Noh Seonmyeong , Yoon Hyeonseok
Published: September 2015

Preparation of conducting-polymer hollow nanoparticles with different diameters was accomplished by surfactant templating. An anionic surfactant, namely sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, formed vesicles to template with the pyrrole monomer. Subsequent chemical oxidative polymerization of the monomer yielded spherical polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles with hollow interiors. The diameter of the hollow nanoparticles was easily controlled by adjusting the concentration of the surfactant. Subsequently, the size-dependent electrochemical properties of the nanoparticles, including redox properties and charge/discharge behavior, were examined. By virtue of the structural advantages, the specific capacitance (max. 326 F g−1) of PPy hollow nanoparticles was approximately twice as large as that of solid PPy nanospheres. The hollow PPy nanostructure can easily be used as a conductive substrate for the preparation of metal/polymer nanohybrids through chemical and electrochemical deposition. Two different pseudocapacitive metal-oxide clusters were readily deposited on the inner and outer surfaces of the hollow nanoparticles, which resulted in an increase in the specific capacitance to 390 F g−1. In addition, the hollow nanoparticles acted as a nanocage to prevent metal ion leaching during charge/discharge, thus allowing an excellent capacitance retention of ca. 86%, even following 10,000 cycles.
Large orb-webs adapted to maximise total biomass not rare, large prey
Authors: Harmer Aaron M. T. , Clausen Philip D. , Wroe Stephen , Madin Joshua S.
Published: September 2015

Spider orb-webs are the ultimate anti-ballistic devices, capable of dissipating the relatively massive kinetic energy of flying prey. Increased web size and prey stopping capacity have co-evolved in a number orb-web taxa, but the selective forces driving web size and performance increases are under debate. The rare, large prey hypothesis maintains that the energetic benefits of rare, very large prey are so much greater than the gains from smaller, more common prey that smaller prey are irrelevant for reproduction. Here, we integrate biophysical and ecological data and models to test a major prediction of the rare, large prey hypothesis, that selection should favour webs with increased stopping capacity and that large prey should comprise a significant proportion of prey stopped by a web. We find that larger webs indeed have a greater capacity to stop large prey. However, based on prey ecology, we also find that these large prey make up a tiny fraction of the total biomass (=energy) potentially captured. We conclude that large webs are adapted to stop more total biomass and that the capacity to stop rare, but very large, prey is an incidental consequence of the longer radial silks that scale with web size.
MicroRNA profiles in hippocampal granule cells and plasma of rats with pilocarpine-induced epilepsy – comparison with human epileptic samples
Authors: Roncon Paolo , Soukupovà Marie , Binaschi Anna , Falcicchia Chiara , Zucchini Silvia , Ferracin Manuela , Langley Sarah R. , Petretto Enrico , Johnson Michael R. , Marucci Gianluca , Michelucci Roberto , Rubboli Guido , Simonato Michele
Published: September 2015

The identification of biomarkers of the transformation of normal to epileptic tissue would help to stratify patients at risk of epilepsy following brain injury and inform new treatment strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an attractive option in this direction. In this study, miRNA microarrays were performed on laser-microdissected hippocampal granule cell layer (GCL) and on plasma, at different time points in the development of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in the rat: latency, first spontaneous seizure and chronic epileptic phase. Sixty-three miRNAs were differentially expressed in the GCL when considering all time points. Three main clusters were identified that separated the control and chronic phase groups from the latency group and from the first spontaneous seizure group. MiRNAs from rats in the chronic phase were compared to those obtained from the laser-microdissected GCL of epileptic patients, identifying several miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-23a-5p, miR-146a-5p and miR-181c-5p) that were up-regulated in both human and rat epileptic tissue. Analysis of plasma samples revealed different levels between control and pilocarpine-treated animals for 27 miRNAs. Two main clusters were identified that segregated controls from all other groups. Those miRNAs that are altered in plasma before the first spontaneous seizure, like miR-9a-3p, may be proposed as putative biomarkers of epileptogenesis.
Spatiotemporal patterns of non-genetically modified crops in the era of expansion of genetically modified food
Authors: Sun Jing , Wu Wenbin , Tang Huajun , Liu Jianguo
Published: September 2015

Despite heated debates over the safety of genetically modified (GM) food, GM crops have been expanding rapidly. Much research has focused on the expansion of GM crops. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of non-genetically modified (non-GM) crops are not clear, although they may have significant environmental and agronomic impacts and important policy implications. To understand the dynamics of non-GM crops and to inform the debates among relevant stakeholders, we conducted spatiotemporal analyses of China’s major non-GM soybean production region, the Heilongjiang Province. Even though the total soybean planting area decreased from 2005 to 2010, surprisingly, there were hotspots of increase. The results also showed hotspots of loss as well as a large decline in the number and continuity of soybean plots. Since China is the largest non-GM soybean producer in the world, the decline of its major production region may signal the continual decline of global non-GM soybeans.
‘Obesity’ is healthy for cetaceans? Evidence from pervasive positive selection in genes related to triacylglycerol metabolism
Authors: Wang Zhengfei , Chen Zhuo , Xu Shixia , Ren Wenhua , Zhou Kaiya , Yang Guang
Published: September 2015

Cetaceans are a group of secondarily adapted marine mammals with an enigmatic history of transition from terrestrial to fully aquatic habitat and subsequent adaptive radiation in waters around the world. Numerous physiological and morphological cetacean characteristics have been acquired in response to this drastic habitat transition; for example, the thickened blubber is one of the most striking changes that increases their buoyancy, supports locomotion and provides thermal insulation. However, the genetic basis underlying the blubber thickening in cetaceans remains poorly explored. Here, 88 candidate genes associated with triacylglycerol metabolism were investigated in representative cetaceans and other mammals to test whether the thickened blubber matched adaptive evolution of triacylglycerol metabolism-related genes. Positive selection was detected in 41 of the 88 candidate genes and functional characterization of these genes indicated that these are involved mainly in triacylglycerol synthesis and lipolysis processes. In addition, some essential regulatory genes underwent significant positive selection in cetacean-specific lineages, whereas no selection signal was detected in the counterpart terrestrial mammals. The extensive occurrence of positive selection in triacylglycerol metabolism-related genes is suggestive of their essential role in secondary adaptation to an aquatic life and further implying that ‘obesity’ might be an indicator of good health for cetaceans.
High diversity and rapid diversification in the head louse, Pediculus humanus (Pediculidae: Phthiraptera)
Authors: Ashfaq Muhammad , Prosser Sean , Nasir Saima , Masood Mariyam , Ratnasingham Sujeevan , Hebert Paul D. N.
Published: September 2015

The study analyzes sequence variation of two mitochondrial genes (COI, cytb) inPediculus humanusfrom three countries (Egypt, Pakistan, South Africa) that have received little prior attention and integrates these results with prior data. Analysis indicates a maximum K2P distance of 10.3% among 960 COI sequences and 13.8% among 479 cytb sequences. Three analytical methods (BIN, PTP, ABGD) reveal five concordant OTUs for COI and cytb. Neighbor-Joining analysis of the COI sequences confirm five clusters; three corresponding to previously recognized mitochondrial clades A, B, C and two new clades, “D” and “E”, showing 2.3% and 2.8% divergence from their nearest neighbors (NN). Cytb data corroborate five clusters showing that clades “D” and “E” are both 4.6% divergent from their respective NN clades. Phylogenetic analysis supports the monophyly of all clusters recovered by NJ analysis. Divergence time estimates suggest that the earliest split ofP. humanusclades occured slightly more than one million years ago (MYa) and the latest about 0.3 MYa. Sequence divergences in COI and cytb among the five clades ofP. humanusare 10X those in their human host, a difference that likely reflects both rate acceleration and the acquisition of lice clades from several archaic hominid lineages.
Mesoporous CLEAs-silica composite microparticles with high activity and enhanced stability
Authors: Cui Jiandong , Jia Shiru , Liang Longhao , Zhao Yamin , Feng Yuxiao
Published: September 2015

A novel enzyme immobilization approach was used to generate mesoporous enzymes-silica composite microparticles by co-entrapping gelatinized starch and cross-linked phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) aggregates (CLEAs) containing gelatinized starch into biomemitic silica and subsequently removing the starch by α-amylase treatment. During the preparation process, the gelatinzed starch served as a pore-forming agent to create pores in CLEAs and biomimetic silica. The resulting mesoporous CLEAs-silica composite microparticles exhibited higher activity and stability than native PAL, conventional CLEAs and PAL encapsulated in biomimetic silica. Furthermore, the mesoporous CLEAs-silica composite microparticles displayed good reusability due to its suitable size and mechanical properties and had excellent stability for storage. The superior catalytic performances were attributed to the combinational unique structure from the intra-cross-linking among enzyme aggregates and hard mesoporous silica shell, which not only decreased the enzyme-support negative interaction and mass-transfer limitations, but also improved the mechanical properties and monodispersity. This approach will be highly beneficial for preparing various bioactive mesoporous composites with excellent catalytic performance.
Effect of exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on melatonin levels in calves is seasonally dependent
Authors: Kolbabová Tereza , Pascal Malkemper E. , Bartoš Luděk , Vanderstraeten Jacques , Turčáni Marek , Burda Hynek
Published: September 2015

The question of health effects of extremely low frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic fields (ELFMF) has been widely discussed, but the mechanisms of interaction of these fields with biological systems for intensities relevant to human and animal exposure are still under question. The melatonin (MLT) hypothesis suggests that exposure to ELFMF might decrease MLT production thereby promoting cancerogenesis. So far, most studies of MLT secretion under exposure to ELFMF reported negative or inconsistent results. Here, we measured salivary MLT in 1–2 months old cattle calves exposed to 50 Hz-MF in the hundreds of nT-range. We found an inhibitory effect of the ELFMF upon MLT secretion in winter (in accordance with the MLT hypothesis). In contrast, in summer, MLT concentration was increased by ELFMF exposure (contrary to the MLT hypothesis). The inhibitory effect in winter was much stronger than the positive effect in summer. We hypothesize that this season-dependent effect upon MLT synthesis might by mediated by an effect of ELFMF upon the serotonin metabolism and conclude that future tests of ELFMF effects should also measure serotonin levels and consider association with the seasonal effects (photoperiod or temperature) during the exposure.
Unprecedented reactions: from epichlorohydrin to epoxyglycidyl substituted divinyl ether and its conversion into epoxyglycidyl propargyl ether
Authors: Yao Yiwu , Li Zheng , Qiu Yatao , Bai Jinhong , Su Jinyue , Zhang Dayong , Jiang Sheng
Published: September 2015

The reaction of epichlorohydrin with concentrated sodium hydroxide in hexane under phase transfer conditions has surprisingly led to the formation of the symmetrical di(3-epoxyglycidyl-1-propenyl) ether 1 which contains both nucleophilic and electrophilic moieties. When it was reacted with n-butyllithium, intermediate 1 once again surprisingly generated epoxyglycidyl propargyl ether, which was further reacted in situ with a variety of benzaldehydes to furnish the corresponding substituted propargylic alcohols in good yields. While the reaction is operationally simple, it provides a powerful method for the synthesis of the important products from commodity materials such as epichlorohydrin. Moreover, these reactions may have revealed that some fundamental properties of the hydroxide anion in those once thought straightforward reactions are not well understood. A careful analysis of the experimental data suggests that an unprecedented concerted elimination of the epoxyglycidyl ether with sodium hydroxide may be operative and an alpha deprotonation followed by alpha elimination of the di(3-epoxyglycidyl-1-propenyl) ether with alkyllithium may have been involved.
Highly efficient CRISPR/Cas9-mediated transgene knockin at the H11 locus in pigs
Authors: Ruan Jinxue , Li Hegang , Xu Kui , Wu Tianwen , Wei Jingliang , Zhou Rong , Liu Zhiguo , Mu Yulian , Yang Shulin , Ouyang Hongsheng , Yanru Chen-Tsai Ruby , Li Kui
Published: September 2015

Transgenic pigs play an important role in producing higher quality food in agriculture and improving human health when used as animal models for various human diseases in biomedicine. Production of transgenic pigs, however, is a lengthy and inefficient process that hinders research using pig models. Recent applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for generating site-specific gene knockout/knockin models, including a knockout pig model, have significantly accelerated the animal model field. However, a knockin pig model containing a site-specific transgene insertion that can be passed on to its offspring remains lacking. Here, we describe for the first time the generation of a site-specific knockin pig model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and somatic cell nuclear transfer. We also report a new genomic “safe harbor” locus, named pH11, which enables stable and robust transgene expression. Our results indicate that our CRISPR/Cas9 knockin system allows highly efficient gene insertion at the pH11 locus of up to 54% using drug selection and 6% without drug selection. We successfully inserted a gene fragment larger than 9 kb at the pH11 locus using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Our data also confirm that the gene inserted into the pH11 locus is highly expressed in cells, embryos and animals.
A size-dependent structural evolution of ZnS nanoparticles
Authors: Khalkhali Mohammad , Liu Qingxia , Zeng Hongbo , Zhang Hao
Published: September 2015

Recently, ZnS quantum dots have attracted a lot of attention since they can be a suitable alternative for cadmium-based quantum dots, which are known to be highly carcinogenic for living systems. However, the structural stability of nanocrystalline ZnS seems to be a challenging issue since ZnS nanoparticles have the potential to undergo uncontrolled structural change at room temperature. Using the molecular dynamics technique, we have studied the structural evolution of 1 to 5 nm freestanding ZnS nanoparticles with zinc-blende and wurtzite crystal structures. Simulation results revealed that relaxed configurations of ZnS nanoparticles larger than 3 nm consist of three regions: a) a crystalline core, b) a distorted network of 4-coordinated atoms environing the crystalline core and c) a surface structure made entirely of 3-coordinated atoms. Decreasing the size of ZnS nanoparticle to 2 nm will cause the crystalline core to disappear. Further reducing the size will cause all of the atoms to become 3-coordinated. Dipole moments of zinc-blende and wurtzite nanoparticles are in the same range when the nanoparticles are smaller than 3 nm. Increasing the size makes dipole moments converge to the bulk values. This makes zinc-blende and wurtzite nanoparticles less and more polar, respectively.
On-tip photodetection: a simple and universal platform for optoelectronic screening
Authors: Dalgleish S. , Reissig L. , Sudo Y. , Awaga K.
Published: September 2015

Using an optical fiber tip as a sampling probe allows for efficient photoresponse screening of any photoactive film.
A highly specific and sensitive electroanalytical strategy for microRNAs based on amplified silver deposition by the synergic TiO2 photocatalysis and guanine photoreduction using charge-neutral probes
Authors: Li Rui , Li Shuying , Dong Minmin , Zhang Liyan , Qiao Yuchun , Jiang Yao , Qi Wei , Wang Hua
Published: September 2015

TiO2 photocatalysis and guanine photoreduction were synergically combined for amplifying silver deposition toward sensitive electroanalysis of microRNAs using charge-neutral probes.
Ultrafast synthesis of nano-sized zeolite SAPO-34 with excellent MTO catalytic performance
Authors: Sun Qiming , Wang Ning , Guo Guanqi , Yu Jihong
Published: September 2015

Nano-sized SAPO-34 zeolites with high crystallinity are obtained in 10 minutes showing outstanding performance in MTO reaction.
Investigation of stable germane structures under high-pressure
Authors: Zhang Huadi , Jin Xilian , Lv Yunzhou , Zhuang Quan , Lv Qianqian , Liu Yunxian , Bao Kuo , Li Da , Liu Bingbing , Cui Tian
Published: September 2015

The evolutionary structure-searching method discovers that the energetically preferred compounds of germane can be synthesized at a pressure of 190 GPa.
Electronic structure and excited state dynamics in a dicyanovinyl-substituted oligothiophene on Au(111)
Authors: Bogner Lea , Yang Zechao , Corso Martina , Fitzner Roland , Bäuerle Peter , Franke Katharina J. , Pascual José Ignacio , Tegeder Petra
Published: September 2015

Using complementary experimental methods we determined the ionization potentials, affinity levels and exciton binding energies of dicyanovinyl-oligothiophene on Au(111).
Can electrodynamic interaction between a molecule and metal dominate a continuum background in surface-enhanced Raman scattering?
Authors: Dvoynenko Mykhaylo M. , Wang Juen-Kai
Published: September 2015

A continuum background is always coincident with the Raman spectrum enhanced by metallic nanostructures and still remains elusive.
Catalytic mechanism of C–F bond cleavage: insights from QM/MM analysis of fluoroacetate dehalogenase
Authors: Li Yanwei , Zhang Ruiming , Du Likai , Zhang Qingzhu , Wang Wenxing
Published: September 2015

The catalytic mechanisms of fluoroacetate dehalogenase (FAcD) toward substrates fluoroacetate and chloroacetate were studied by a combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method.
Atomistic understanding of the origin of high oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity of cuboctahedral Pt3Co–Pt core–shell nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Guangzhi , Gracia-Espino Eduardo , Sandström Robin , Sharifi Tiva. , Cheng Shaodong , Shen Hangjia , Wang Chuanyi , Guo Shaojun , Yang Guang , Wågberg Thomas
Published: September 2015

The origin of the high oxygen reduction electrocatalytic activity of cuboctahedral Pt3Co–Pt core–shell nanoparticles is studied.
Theoretical insight on reactivity trends in CO2 electroreduction across transition metals
Authors: Akhade Sneha A. , Luo Wenjia , Nie Xiaowa , Asthagiri Aravind , Janik Michael J.
Published: September 2015

Density Functional Theory (DFT) based models have been widely applied towards investigating and correlating the reaction mechanism of CO2 electroreduction (ER) to the activity and selectivity of potential electrocatalysts.
Amidino ligands obtained from the coupling of 1-methylcytosine and nitrile: a new method to incorporate biomolecules into luminescent Re(CO)3 complexes
Authors: Gómez-Iglesias Patricia , Martín-Alvarez Jose Miguel , Miguel Daniel , Villafañe Fernando
Published: September 2015

Amidino chelating ligands obtained from the coupling of 1-methylcytosine with nitriles allow the incorporation of biologically relevant substrates into Re(CO)3 complexes.
Significant differences of monooxotungsten(iv) and dioxotungsten(vi) benzenedithiolates containing two intramolecular NH⋯S hydrogen bonds from molybdenum analogues
Authors: Okamura A. Taka-aki , Omi Yui , Fujii Manami , Tatsumi Miki , Onitsuka Kiyotaka
Published: September 2015

Monooxotungsten(iv) and dioxotungsten(vi) benzenedithiolates containing intramolecular NH⋯S hydrogen bonds were synthesized and compared with their molybdenum analogues.
Synthesis and self-assembly of carbamoylmethylphosphonate acrylamide-based diblock copolymers: new valuable thermosensitive materials
Authors: Azemar Fabrice , Gomes-Rodrigues Donatien , Robin Jean-Jacques , Monge Sophie
Published: September 2015

We report the synthesis by RAFT polymerization of well-defined diblock copolymers bearing carbamoylmethylphosphonate moieties which proved to sorb gadolinium.
Detection of leukemia markers using long-range surface plasmon waveguides functionalized with Protein G
Authors: Krupin O. , Wang C. , Berini P.
Published: September 2015

A novel optical biosensor based on long-range surface plasmon-polariton (LRSPP) waveguides is demonstrated for the detection of leukemia markers in patient serum using a functionalization strategy based on Protein G.
Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles via a dual α-arylation strategy: formal synthesis of the antilipemic drug fluvastatin
Authors: Kale Ajit Prabhakar , Kumar Gangam Srikanth , Kapur Manmohan
Published: September 2015

A new approach has been developed for the synthesis of substituted 2-alkenyl-3-arylindoles utilizing a palladium-catalyzed dual α-arylation of TES-enol ethers of enones as the key step.
Chemoenzymatic collective synthesis of optically active hydroxyl(methyl)tetrahydronaphthalene-based bioactive terpenoids
Authors: Batwal Ramesh U. , Argade Narshinha P.
Published: September 2015

Starting from succinic anhydride, a chemoenzymatic collective formal/total synthesis of optically active tetrahydronaphthalene based bioactive natural products has been presented.
Correction: Selective photoregulation of the activity of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase, two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism
Authors: Díaz-Lobo Mireia , Garcia-Amorós Jaume , Fita Ignacio , Velasco Dolores , Guinovart Joan J. , Ferrer Joan C.
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Selective photoregulation of the activity of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase, two key enzymes in glycogen metabolism’ by Mireia Díaz-Lobo, et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015, 13, 7282–7288.
Impact of nanometer hydroxyapatite on seed germination and root border cell characteristics
Authors: Liu Wei , Wang Shutao , Sun Hanwen , Zuo Qingqing , Lai Ying , Hou Juan
Published: September 2015

Nanometer hydroxyapatite is beneficial to cucumber seeds and seedlings at concentrations less than 2000 mg L−1.
Surface-growth-mode-induced strain effects on the metal–insulator transition in epitaxial vanadium dioxide thin films
Authors: Yang Mengmeng , Yang Yuanjun , Hong Bin , Wang Liangxin , Luo Zhenlin , Li Xiaoguang , Kang Chaoyang , Li Ming , Zong Haitao , Gao Chen
Published: September 2015

The surface growth mode can induce the anomalous compressive strain in thicker VO2/Al2O3 epitaxial films, which can't be explained by conventional epitaxial lattice-mismatch. Strain may be an effective tool for manipulating MIT of the VO2 films.
In silico prediction of linear free energy relationship descriptors of neutral and ionic compounds
Authors: Cho Chul-Woong , Stolte Stefan , Yun Yeoung-Sang , Krossing Ingo , Thöming Jorg
Published: September 2015

Prediction models for LFER descriptors – excess molar refraction (E), dipolarity/polarizability (S), H-bonding acidity (A) & basicity (B), McGowan volume (V), and interaction of cations (J+) and anions (J−) – of both ionic and neutral compounds.
Visualized detection of vancomycin by supramolecular hydrogelations
Authors: Hua Yongquan , Ou Caiwen , Chen Guoqin , Zhang Xiaoli , Cai Yanbin , Yang Zhimou , Wang Ling , Chen Minsheng
Published: September 2015

Here we report on a visualized detection system for vancomycin based on supramolecular hydrogelations.
Absorption-dependent generation of singlet oxygen from gold bipyramids excited under low power density
Authors: Lv Junliang , Zhang Xin , Li Nana , Wang Baoju , He Sailing
Published: September 2015

Gold bipyramid-mediated singlet oxygen generation for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells in the optical biological window.
Effects of individual and sequential irradiation with atomic oxygen and protons on the surface structure and tribological performance of polyetheretherketone in a simulated space environment
Authors: Lv Mei , Wang Yanming , Wang Qihua , Wang Tingmei , Liang Yongmin
Published: September 2015

AO and Pr–AO irradiations induced higher surface energy and wear rates, Pr and AO–Pr irradiations caused the opposite results.
Nanomechanical analysis of the adsorption and desorption of water vapor on porous surfaces
Authors: Lee Dongkyu , Yim Changyong , Jeon Sangmin
Published: September 2015

We fabricated nanoporous microcantilevers using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and measured the variations in the resonance frequency and deflection of the cantilever during the adsorption and desorption of water vapor.
Computational and experimental studies on the effect of hydrogenation of Ni-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles for the application of water splitting
Authors: Chuang Chung-Ching , Lin Cheng-Kuo , Wang T. T. , Srinivasadesikan V. , Raghunath P. , Lin M. C.
Published: September 2015

The hydrogenated black Ni–TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit a much greater efficiency in water splitting producing H2 gas over those of non-hydrogenated TiO2 and Ni-doped TiO2.
Improved photocatalytic performance of self-assembled Bi/BiOBr square microflowers with square nanopetals
Authors: Wang Qing Shan , Song Le Xin , Teng Yue , Xia Juan , Zhao Li , Ruan Mao Mao
Published: September 2015

The Bi/BiOBr square microflowers were successfully constructed by a simple route. The microflowers exhibited high photodecomposition efficiency for rhodamine B. We believe this study represents an important advance regarding Bi-based materials.
Carbon nanotube growth on piezoelectric AlN films: influence of catalyst underlayers
Authors: Mirea T. , Olivares J. , Clement M. , DeMiguel-Ramos M. , de Frutos J. , Sangrador J. , Iborra E.
Published: September 2015

Integration of carbon nanotube (CNT) forests in acoustic wave resonators has appeared interesting for sensing applications. High quality CNTs can be grown on piezoelectric AlN by using a stabilising layer for catalyst nanoparticles.
PEGylated gold nanoprisms for photothermal therapy at low laser power density
Authors: Ma Xingqun , Cheng Yuan , Huang Yong , Tian Ying , Wang Shouju , Chen Yingxia
Published: September 2015

Small-sized PEGylated gold nanoprisms with ultrahigh photothermal conversion efficacy were achieved to induce photothermal therapy under a low power density laser.
Coherent modulation of two-photon up-conversion from colloidal quantum dots by femtosecond laser
Authors: Xu Cheng , Yao Yunhua , Pu Chaodan , Zhang Shian , Liu Xiaofeng , Qiu Jianrong
Published: September 2015

The coherent modulation of up-conversion PL of colloidal quantum dots by femtosecond laser has been experimentally and theoretically achieved, which proves that the fs pulse shaping technique can provide an effective method to control two-photon PL.
Mono- and binuclear palladacycles via regioselective C–H bond activation: syntheses, mechanistic insights and catalytic activity in direct arylation of azoles
Authors: Pandey Dilip K. , Khake Shrikant M. , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Punji Benudhar
Published: September 2015

Hybrid “POCN”-ligated mono- and binuclear palladacycles have been synthesized via the base-assisted regioselective C–H bond activation, and their mechanistic aspects and catalytic application for the arylation of azoles have been described.
Correction: Structural optimization of super-gelators derived from naturally-occurring mannose and their morphological diversity
Authors: Ono Fumiyasu , Watanabe Hisayuki , Shinkai Seiji
Published: September 2015

Correction for ‘Structural optimization of super-gelators derived from naturally-occurring mannose and their morphological diversity’ by Fumiyasu Ono et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 25940–25947.
Carbon-coated Na3V2(PO4)2F3 nanoparticles embedded in a mesoporous carbon matrix as a potential cathode material for sodium-ion batteries with superior rate capability and long-term cycle life
Authors: Liu Qiang , Wang Dongxue , Yang Xu , Chen Nan , Wang Chunzhong , Bie Xiaofei , Wei Yingjin , Chen Gang , Du Fei
Published: September 2015

The HRTEM image and long-term cycle life with capacity retentions of 70% and 50% over 1000 and 3000 cycles at 10C and 30C rates, respectively.
Lutetium doping for making big core and core–shell upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Huang K. , Jayakumar M. K. G. , Zhang Y.
Published: September 2015

Fabricating big sized core and core–shell UCNs through lutetium doping.
Transparent composites prepared from bacterial cellulose and castor oil based polyurethane as substrates for flexible OLEDs
Authors: Pinto E. R. P. , Barud H. S. , Silva R. R. , Palmieri M. , Polito W. L. , Calil V. L. , Cremona M. , Ribeiro S. J. L. , Messaddeq Y.
Published: September 2015

Flexible and transparent BC/PU composites were prepared, which exhibit excellent transparency (up to 90%) in the visible region and great mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of up to 69 MPa and a Young's modulus of up to 6 GPa.
Nonverbal Working Memory as a Predictor of Anomia Treatment Success
Authors: Harnish Stacy M. , Lundine Jennifer P.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to determine (a) reliability of the spatial span as a nonverbal working memory (WM) task in individuals with aphasia, (b) whether participation in anomia treatment changed spatial span scores, and (c) the degree to which visuospatial WM predicted response to anomia treatment.

Method

Eight individuals with chronic aphasia were repeatedly assessed on the forward and backward conditions of the spatial span over 4 weeks while undergoing treatment for anomia. Experiment 1 assessed reliability of the spatial span conditions and determined whether span scores changed after beginning anomia treatment. Experiment 2 investigated the spatial span as a predictor of anomia treatment success.

Results

Results of Experiment 1 showed that 7 participants demonstrated stability of the forward condition of the spatial span, and 5 participants demonstrated stability of the backward condition across all sessions (
p
= .05). No participants showed an effect of aphasia treatment on span performance in either condition. Experiment 2 found that the backward span condition significantly predicted anomia treatment effect size,
F
(1, 6) = 15.202,
p
= .008.

Conclusions

Visuospatial WM abilities were highly predictive of response to anomia treatment, supporting an account of WM that includes a central processing mechanism.
Laryngeal High-Speed Videoendoscopy: Rationale and Recommendation for Accurate and Consistent Terminology
Authors: Deliyski Dimitar D. , Hillman Robert E. , Mehta Daryush D.
Published: September 2015

Purpose

The authors discuss the rationale behind the term
laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy
to describe the application of high-speed endoscopic imaging techniques to the visualization of vocal fold vibration.

Method

Commentary on the advantages of using accurate and consistent terminology in the field of voice research is provided. Specific justification is described for each component of the term
high-speed videoendoscopy
, which is compared and contrasted with alternative terminologies in the literature.

Results

In addition to the ubiquitous
high-speed
descriptor, the term
endoscopy
is necessary to specify the appropriate imaging technology and distinguish among modalities such as ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and nonendoscopic optical imaging. Furthermore, the term
video
critically indicates the electronic recording of a sequence of optical still images representing scenes in motion, in contrast to strobed images using high-speed photography and non-optical high-speed magnetic resonance imaging.
High-speed videoendoscopy
thus concisely describes the technology and can be appended by the desired anatomical nomenclature such as
laryngeal
.

Conclusions

Laryngeal high-speed videoendoscopy
strikes a balance between conciseness and specificity when referring to the typical high-speed imaging method performed on human participants. Guidance for the creation of future terminology provides clarity and context for current and future experiments and the dissemination of results among researchers.
Performance optimisation for novel green plug‐energy economizer in micro‐grids based on recent heuristic algorithm
Authors: Gabbar Hossam A. , Othman Ahmed M.
Published: September 2015

This study presents technical issues to enhance the micro‐grids (MGs) performance. Novel distributed flexible AC transmission system (D‐FACTS) is applied on AC/DC MGs to achieve full utilization of distributed generations (DGs), and to improve power quality and system stability. That D‐FACTS is called green plug‐energy economizer (GP‐EE) device, which is proposed with two schemes to be applied on both DC/AC terminals of MG. DGs are used within MGs so that they can meet dynamic load patterns. Proposed design of MG includes photovoltaic, fuel cell, battery, storage system, micro‐gas turbine and wind turbine. GP‐EE device will be controlled by PID modified weighted controller. Dynamic tri‐loop error driven will be enhanced by extra supplementary regulation loops to ensure power factor correction, stabilize buses voltage, reduce feeder losses and power quality enhancement. A recent heuristic optimization technique is called backtracking search algorithm, and is proposed for optimal selection of the scheme parameters of pulse‐width modulation pulsing stage of GP‐EE to dynamically online gains adjustment of PID tri‐loop regulation process and minimization of the global control error. Digital simulations have been validated GP‐EE schemes effectiveness based on without and with modules performance. Achieved results show applicability and improved performance using the proposed technique.