bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods and Equipment of Vacuum and Electromagnetism Suspending Distillation for Fine of Non-Ferrous Metals
Authors: Chen Ming Baio , Wang Xiao Min , Liu Ri Ping , Yang Qing Xiang , Liu Wen Chang , Tao You Sheng , Yan Jun , Ma Xiao Yi , Li Jian , Zhai Pan Pan
Published: July 2011

A kind of invention by make the technology excellence band together of vacuum distillation refines and Vacuum and electromagnetism refine. A kind of methods and equipment for fine of Non-ferrous metals, the unusual is: use the electromagnetism force and mix round effect of electro-magnetic induction for heat up and mix round and element distill process under electro-magnetism suspend state of Non-ferrous materials. A kind of equipment and equipment for fine of non-ferrous metals consist of vacuum furnace body, electro-magnetism loop, crucible, condenser and materials vacuum resent device, etc.; The main character is: the electro-magnetism loop is electro-magnetism conductor suspend loop which located the outside or inside the body of the furnace with a tier of insulation and magnetism transmit material. The aim of which is to develop the pureness of the product by electro-magnetism suspend vacuum distillation or deoxidize distillation and efficiency of smelting; reduce the cost of the smelting.
A Simple Method of Cyclization of the 2'-Hydroxychalcone with Polystyrene-Pyridine Resine under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zheng Xu Xu , Xie Jing Jing , Yin Zhong Yi , Jing Jia Jia
Published: July 2011

The satisfying cyclization of 2’-hydroxy chalcone to flavanone using polystyrene-pyridine resine as catalyst and methanol as solvent under mild conditions is reported here. The method is appropriate for 2’-hydroxy chalcone derivatives with electron group in B-ring.
Long-Term Performance Research on Reinforced Concreted Beams with Pre-Stressed CFRP Plate
Authors: Zhou Ke Feng , Li Yu Zhi , Zhang Bao Jing
Published: July 2011

With the continuous development of science and technology, the method of using the pre-stressed carbon fiber on the concrete structure, in particular on the bridge structure has become a research direction by the domestic and foreign scholars. In this paper, it has done the long-term test for the civil carbon fiber in the library on the base of the research of reinforced concreted beams with pre-stressed CFRP plate, and has observed the slip of the carbon fiber fixed on the side of the tension anchor. The results showed that: when put 50% of the ultimate stress of the carbon fiber on the carbon fiber, under the action of long-term tension, the variation of carbon fiber and the slip of the carbon fiber fixed on the side of tension anchor can all achieve intended purpose of the experimen ,which provides the theoretical data on the long-term performance research of the civil carbon fiber reinforced on the concrete structures.
Effects of Various Plasticizers on the Moisture Sorption and Mechanical Properties of Gelatin-Chitosan Composite Films
Authors: Song Hui Jun , Tang Ke Yong
Published: July 2011

Effects of various types and amounts of plasticizer on the moisture sorption and mechanical properties of gelatin-chitosan composite films were investigated. The films were plasticized with glycerol, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), polyethylene glycol 800 (PEG 800), and sorbitol, respectively. With increasig the amount of plasticizers in the composite films plasticized with the fromer three plastizers, the equilibrium moisture sorption ratio increases. For the last one, however, it decreases with increasing the plastizers content. Increasing the plasticizer content decreases the tension strength and increases the elongation at break of the samples, and the type and amount of the plasticizers affect the mechanical properties of the composite films. PEG 400 is the most effective plasticizer in the plastizers studied.
APCVD Deposition of Si Film on SiO2 Patterned Si (111) Substrates for Solar Cells
Authors: Duan Chun Yan , Ai Bin , Lai Jian Jun , Liu Chao , Deng You Jun , Shen Hui
Published: July 2011

We have investigated the deposition of silicon films on SiO2 patterned Si(111) substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) under standard condition. Oxidized silicon wafers with different sizes of circular and striated patterns were used as substrates for deposition of 35 μm silicon films. The influence of surface morphologies of substrates on epitaxial Si films has been discussed. The crystalline structures of the epitaxial Si films rely on the prepatterned substrates. Triangular prism-shaped grains have been obtained after depositing silicon film on substrates with circular patterns. While different size polycrystalline silicon grains appear on surfaces of Si films grown on SiO2 regions of substrates along the axis of striated patterns. Twins defects were observed in epitaxial Si films grown on SiO2 layers of the pretreated substrates.
DSC and TEM Study of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag Alloy Ageing at Low and Elevated Temperature
Authors: Liu Hong Wei , Zhang Yon Gan , Zhang Jian Bo , Zhu Bao Hong , Wang Feng , Li Zhi Hui , Li Xi Wu , Xiong Bai Qing
Published: July 2011

Microstructural characterization of Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy ageing at low and elevated temperature were investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the precipitation sequence is significantly influenced by the ageing temperature. With prolonging of ageing at 65°C, G.P. zones on the plane of {100}α separates out with no precipitation of Ω phase. After 10h ageing at 160°C,the phase of Ω separates out and dominant the microstructure, while a small quantity of θ′separates out as well.
Measuring Methods of Cable Tension in Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Sun Jiang Bo , Zhao Zuo Zhou , Zhao Hong Hua
Published: July 2011

This paper presents several methods usually used for measuring cable tension in cable-stayed bridges, especially frequency vibration method. Taken two different length stay-cables under given tension forces in a real cable-stayed bridge as an example, different modeling methods in finite element methods (FEM) were used to solve their natural vibration frequencies. The results by FEM were compared with those from other available theoretical predicting method. It was found that FEM based on tightening string model is more suitable for a long stay-cable. For a short stay-cable under given tension force, beam bending stiffness can be ignored in predicting its first five natural frequencies using a hinged beam model in FEM. While the predicted lower frequency using clamped beam FEM model is more accurate and reasonable.
Influence of Limestone Powder on Immobilization of Chlorine Ion of Portland Cement
Authors: Wang Yu Li , Wang Wei Dong , Zhao Yu Jie , Liu Su Xia
Published: July 2011

The effect of limestone powder on immobilization of chlorine ion of Portland cement was studied by the method of the chemical analysis. The immobilization of chlorine ion of Portland cement, which was hardened by cement clinker or cement clinker and gypsum mixed limestone powder with different proportions, was tested at 28d. The results show that the amount of immobilization of chlorine ion of Portland cement increases more than doubled, and the free chlorine ion content decreases 41% without gypsum, when the limestone powder content increases from 0% to 12%; the immobilization content of chlorine ion increases first, and then decreases, the free chlorine ion content decreases a little with gypsum, when the limestone powder content increases from 0% to 8% .
The Study on Gelatinization Pressure of Starch by Ultra-High Pressure Processing
Authors: Liu Yan Qi , Liu Yan Na , Li Hong , Shen Rei Ling , Li Xue Hong , Yang Liu Zhi
Published: July 2011

To study the gelatinization pressures of different kinds of starch at atmospheric temperature, eight different starches chosen as raw materials for this paper (5%w/w, at 20°C) by different pressure were treated, then analysed the relations between pressure and starch gelatinization by X-ray diffraction. The study showed that the gelatinization pressure range of different starches respectively in this experiment was: corn starch (~450 - ~550MPa), wheat starch (~ 450 - ~500MPa), tapioca starch (>450 - ~500MPa), water chestnut starch (>500 - ~550MPa), glutinous rice starch (>500 - ~550MPa), waxy wheat starch (~500 - ~550MPa), waxy maize starch (~550 - ~650MPa), potato starch (~700 - ~750MPa).
First-Principles Calculations for Electronic Structures of Flourine-Doped ZnO
Authors: Wan Qi Xin , Chen Lan Li , Xiong Zhi Hua , Li Dong Mei
Published: July 2011

The formation energy and electronic structures of Fluorine-doped ZnO have been calculated by the first principles. The calculated results show that Fi, which is easier to form under O-rich conditions, is helpful to achieve p-type ZnO. The main contribution of accept level are the hybridization between F(2p)，O (2p) and Zn(3d) states which are near the top of the valence band.
A New Approach to Solving Reliability Optimization Design of Gear Box
Authors: Mo Wen Hui
Published: July 2011

Reliability optimization design of the gear box is proposed. It includes an objective function, 30 design variables and 52 constraints. It is important to note that material properties, geometry parameters and applied loads of the structure are assumed to be normal random variables. Reliability calculation adopts the HL-RF method. The comparison of design parameters demonstrates the proposed method.
Application and Research of Superfine Wood Powder Disintegrator with Multi- Granularity Based on AR Technology
Authors: Yang Lan Yu , Bao Xiao Feng
Published: July 2011

AR technology can supplement and strengthen the real world, instead of using a virtualization technology to create a completely virtual world to replace the real world. AR technology is introduced during process of designing wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity, then three-dimensional entity model for the wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity has been established, and enhanced visual system for the wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity is set up. Through introduction of the AR design technology, 3D model can be do dynamic interaction rendering, then demonstration effect of superfine wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity may achieve enhanced effects, and “wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity” can be put in the real environment, and the virtual objects can be merged together the real environment through display device, a new environment for sensory effects is shown to the users. It has many advantages such as accelerating design, manufacture and debugging process for wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity, at the same time, it can save manufacture cost.
Controlled Fabrication and Properties of Ce0.5Zr0.5O 2 Solid Solutions
Authors: Zhang Zhi Fang , Du Fang Yan , Ma Xiang Rong
Published: July 2011

The nanocrystals Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 solid solutions with various morphologies and crystal structures have been synthesized via a modified sol-gel method assisted with a template. Aerosol OT and/or ionic liquids ([MMIM]Cl] and [BMIM]Cl]) was used as a template. The characterization results of the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and N2 adsorption at 77 K indicate that the physical properties of the solid solutions were significantly affected by the templates used and the calcination temperatures. The Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 calcined at 773 K possessed bimodal mesopores, narrow pore size distributions, and tetragonal phase.
Effect of Substrates on the Characteristics of Silicon Carbide Deposited from Methyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Lu Cui Ying , Yin Xiao Wei , Li Xiang Ming
Published: July 2011

SiC is fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on graphite and Si3N4ceramic respectively. The morphology, composition, grain size and electrical conductivity of SiC deposited on graphite (CVD-SiC(C)) and on Si3N4ceramic (CVD-SiC(N)) are investigated and compared. The morphology of CVD-SiC(C)and CVD-SiC(N)is much different with each other. The grain size of CVD-SiC(C)is bigger than that of CVD-SiC(N). It is nearly stoichiometric in CVD-SiC(C), while carbon-rich in CVD-SiC(N), so the electrical conductivity and dielectric loss of CVD-SiC(N)are much higher than that of CVD-SiC(C). As the annealing temperature increases, the grain size and electrical conductivity of CVD-SiC(C)and CVD-SiC(N)both increase.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 by (Tetracarboxyphthalocyaninatio) Cobalt (II)
Authors: Ma Yan Li , Fang Gui Zhen , Liu Cheng
Published: July 2011

(Tetracarboxyphthalocyaninato) cobalt (Ⅱ) was used as dye to enhance the photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2 in visible light. The photocatalyzer was prepared by phthlocyanine Co and TiO2, which was called TPC. The photocatalytic process of removal of benzene was investigated in visible light and ultraviolet. Results reveal that TPC can enhance photocatalytic activity of TiO2. The Benzene removal of TPC catalyst at 4.5 h was 52.80 % in incandescent lamp, at the same time it was 41.86% higher than nano-TiO2. The Benzene removal of TPC catalyst at 4.5 h was 43.53% in fluorescent lamp, at then 28.03% higher than nano-TiO2. The Benzene removal of TPC catalyst at 4.5 h was 36.58% under ultraviolet, at then 5.50% lower than nano-TiO2. The Benzene removal of TPC catalyst at 4.5 h was 10.69% in incandescent lamp, at then 2.15% higher than nano-TiO2. TPC catalyst should enhance ability of liquid photocatalytic oxidation TiO2. The highest photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene and methylene blue were separately 76.60 % and 21.02 % under incandescent light.
Structure and Magnetostrictive Properties of Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9Bx Alloys
Authors: Liu Jin Jun , Yin Hong Yun , Liu Xin Cai , Si Ping Zhan
Published: July 2011

Crystal structure and magnetostrictive properties of Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9Bx alloys have been investigated by means of x-ray diffraction and a standard strain technique. The matrix of Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9 alloy consists of (Tb,Pr)(Fe,Co)2 phase with a cubic MgCu2-type structure and some amount of (Tb,Pr)(Fe,Co)3 phase with a PuNi3-type structure. The introduction of boron effectively restrains the emergence of the iron-rich phase, which can occupy either the substitutional or interstitial site in this alloy system. The single Laves phase can be obtained for the high Pr-content Tb0.2Pr0.8(Fe0.4Co0.6)1.9Bx alloys with 0.05< x ≤0.15, which have improved magnetostrictive properties as compared to the boron free material.
Decolorization of Methylene Blue Dye Wastewater by Fenton’s Reagent
Authors: Liu Jun Tan , Gao Huan , Liu Shi Jing
Published: July 2011

Using ·OH from Fenton’s reagent, the strong oxidation treatment of methylene blue dye wastewater can destruct the chromophore in organic compounds, and yield CO2, H2O and small molecule inorganic compounds by oxidative degradation finally. The influence of Fenton's reagent dosage, initial pH, and reaction time on the degradation effect was studied. The experimental results show that the decolorization rate of 100mL 20mg/L methylene blue dye wastewater can achieve 96% in the conditions of 0.02g FeSO4·7H2O, 1mL 30% H2O2, initial pH at 3.0 ~4.0, reaction time is 30 min, at room temperature. This treatment of dye wastewater is easy to operate and with good effect.
Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration on Preparation for Semi-Solid A356 Alloy
Authors: Wang Jia Xuan , Li Chun , Jiang Li Hong , Fang Min
Published: July 2011

In this paper, semi-solid slurry was prepared by power ultrasonic on flowing A356 melts. A simple device of ultrasonic treatment was made and the method of applying power ultrasound from the top of ingot was adopted. we investigated the influence of the experimental parameters impact on the size and morphology of the primary phase α-Al in A356 slurry, which included the power of the power ultrasound, treatment temperature and the distance between ultrasonic source and the melts ( here refer to from vibration head to the bottom of melt channel in this paper). The regularity of ultrasonic influence on grain refinement and morphology spheroidizing of primary phase α-Al in A356 alloy were obtained. The results show that when the loading power range from 800W to 1000W, the grain refinement effect goes more obviously with the increasing power of ultrasonic, howerer, when the power is up to 1500W, the effect goes worse; and the best primary phase is obtained at 615 oC among the four treatment temperature (645 °C, 630 °C, 615 °C, 600 °C); with the increase of the distance, among the four groups data (7mm, 9mm, 12mm, 15mm), the microstructure of A356 alloy goes more coarse and the segregation is more serious, the average grain size and form factor of the best primary phase α-Al was 29.47um and 0.78, respectively in this study.
Critical Cooling Rate and Design of Mould Cooling System for Hot Forming of High-Strength Sheet
Authors: Guo You Dan
Published: July 2011

High-strength sheet including 2MnB5 Boron and magnesium alloy sheet is the material commonly used in modern machinery, which is easy to induce problems such as excessive rebound, cracking, forming force increase, easy mould wear and the like. The heat analysis of 2MnB5 Boron and magnesium alloy sheet hot stamping forming process and experiments indicate that the transition process from Austenite to Martensite by controlling the sheet heating and cooling temperature is the foundation of heat forming. Only when the cooling rate reaches or surpasses the critical cooling rate, Austenite can be transformed to Martensite directly. Critical cooling rate of sheet is related to the elements of critical water flow rate, mould cooling system design, cooling medium, dented mould medium and the like. Under the condition that the elements of mould structure, cooling system, cooling medium and the like are defined, critical cooling rate is a constant value. As a result, through controlling critical water flow rate, hot forming transition process and hot forming requirements can be guaranteed to overcome the excessive rebound, cracking, forming force increase, easy mould wear and the like in hot forming process.
Alloy Design and Practice of High Carbon Alloy Steels with Ultra-Fine Carbide
Authors: Ma Yong Qing , Zhang Yang , Dai Yu Mei
Published: July 2011

The calculation and application of alloy design for DM6S and DM8B high carbon alloy steels with ultra-fine caebides were introduced in this paper. On the basis of carbides transformation orderliness in Cr-W-Mo-V high carbon alloy steel at different temperature, the structure and composition of the phases and its transformation orderliness in the steels at different temperature were estimated by phase-equilibrium thermodynamic calculation for Fe-Cr-W-Mo-V-Si-Mn-Ni-C system. The rational heat treatment technics were concluded on the basis of the matrix composition at different austenitizing temperature, and the hardness of quenching and secondary hardening was doped out. The yield strength and the toughness can be forecasted on the basis of average cohesive-energy of martensit matrix by the calculation at electronic and atomic scale. The practice of two new steels DM6S and DM8B shows that the prospective objective can be obtained by theoretic design adding a small quantity of technical tests.
Microwave Hydrothermal Synthesis of ZrSiO4 Nano-Powders
Authors: Wang Fen , Liu Da Wei , Zhu Jian Feng , Li Dong
Published: July 2011

High purity ZrSiO4powders were prepared using zirconium oxychloride and tetraethoxysilane as raw materials by the microwave hydrothermal (M-H) method, in which NaF was added as mineralizer to promote the crystallization of zircon. The results show that the microwave-hydrothermal method greatly reduces the starting crystallization temperature of ZrSiO4powders to 160~200 °C in 30 minutes, the characteristics of the microwave hydrothermally synthesized powders are superior to that synthesized by conventional hydrothermal in stability, purity and morphologies. And the XRD analysis shows that all peaks of the former powders are abnormal broadness except the (200) and (220) peaks, and the crystallization of powders can be improved by adding seed crystals of ZrSiO4. The ZrSiO4particles are disk-like platelets which are monocrystal and have a trend of Single crystal to polycrystalline transition. The synthesis mechanism of ZrSiO4by microwave hydrothermal (M-H) process is discussed.
Chemically-Induced Graft Copolymerization of Diethylenetriamine onto Bagasse Celluloses
Authors: Xia Nan Nan , Zhu Hong Xiang , Wang Shuang Fei , Mu Ying Xiao , Deng Chao Bing , Huang Yong
Published: July 2011

Graft copolymerization of diethylenetriamine onto bagasse celluloses was investigated with ammonium ceric nitrate as initiator in an aqueous medium. The condition of the graft copolymerization initiator concentration, the mass ratio of monomer/cellulose, reaction temperature, reaction time based on the experiment is optimized according to the zeta potential. The results showed the relative optimum process conditions were: the concentration of initiator at 36.98mmol/L, the mass ratio of the monomer and cellulose at 1:1, the reaction temperature at 70°C, and the reaction time by 3h. In addition, the graft copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The results showed that bagasse celluloses could be grafted with diethylenetriamine in aqueous medium.
Synthesis of Silver Nanowires and Investigation of their Optical Limiting Properties
Authors: Han Ya Ping , Luo Ming Hai , Wang Qing Wen , Wang Jin Xin , Gao Xue Lian
Published: July 2011

Silver nanowires were fabricated in a direct current electric field using a solid-state ionic method, and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting properties in silver nanowires, suspended in de-ionized water were investigated by using an EKSPLA (PL2143A) picosecond laser, which produced 30 ps laser pulses at 532 nm with a repetition rate of 2 Hz. Experimental results indicate silver nanowires have obvious optical limiting properties.
Effect on Electroless Nickel Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Nickel Electroless Plating Parameters
Authors: Wang Xiao Min , Duo Jun
Published: July 2011

Electroless nickel plating on magnesium alloy was studied when NiSO4as the main salt in the solution. The influence of the composition of the solution and process parameters on the coating appearance, the plating rate and bath stability was studied too. As a result, the optimum conditions of electroless nickel are: The main salt and reducing agent molar ratio between 0.3 and 0.45, mixed complexion agents was used, temperature 90°C, pH value 6.5.
From Layered Ni(OH)2 Thin Films to Ni(so4)0.3(OH)1.4 Nanobelts through so42- Inserting in Colloid-Based Route
Authors: Jia Zhi Yong
Published: July 2011

The single-crystalline nanobelts of monoclinic Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4have been synthesized on a large scale through a convenient, low-temperature hydrothermal method. The influences of reaction time, pH value, concentration of ammonia on the phase and shape evolution of nanobelts were systematically investigated. It was found that the initial layered Ni(OH)2 thin films as intermediates could be split and converted into the monoclinic Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4nanobelts through SO42-ions inserting process. The formation mechanism of nanobelts involved in the inserting process and the corresponding drive force have been investigated in detail by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FT-IR spectra and pH value analyses. In addition to, we have also found that the ammonia molecules acted as both weak base and ligand agent was crucial to the controlling nucleation and inserting process in the formation process of nanobelts.
A General Sonochemical Approach to Rapid Synthesis of 1D Single-Crystalline MSn(OH)6 (M=Ba, Ca, Sr) Nanostructures
Authors: Jia Zhi Yong
Published: July 2011

A general sonochemical approach that allows for the facile, rapid synthesis of MSn(OH)6(M=Ba, Ca, Sr) one-dimension (1D) nanostructures has been developed. The resulting CaSn(OH)6products possessed a nanotubular structure, while SrSn(OH)6 and BaSn(OH)6showed nanowire-like structures. The as-synthesized MSn(OH)6 products were characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The BaSn(OH)6nanowires, CaSn(OH)6nanotubes, and SrSn(OH)6nanowires share different growth mechanisms because they take different crystal structures. However, we found that for all the three materials, both the ultrasound irradiation and the presence of Na2CO3in the synthetic procedure had an impact on the homogeneous nucleation and fast growth of 1D MSn(OH)6nanostructures. This approach represents a successful example for the fast construction of inorganic innovative nanostructures in the absence of any surfactants.
A Numerical Study on the Large Deformations of Polymer Foams with Spherical Pores
Authors: Fan Zhi Geng , Chen Chang Qing , Hu Wen Jun
Published: July 2011

Cubic structures having spherical pores ranged as BCC and FCC lattices are constructed to simulate the microstructures of cellular polymers with various relative densities. The Mooney-Rivlin strain energy potential model is adopted to characterize the hyperelasticity of the constituent solid from which the foams are made. Finite element analysis on the influences of the polymer hyperelasticity upon the macroscopic mechanical properties of the foams is carried out. Numerical results show that there is no obvious buckling plateau segment in the uniaxial compressive stress-strain curves of the regular spherical cell models as most low density foams have. Moreover, it is found that the initial tangent modulus is a power function of the foam’s relative density, and the index is smaller than 2 for lower relative density models, bigger than 2 for moderate relative density models, and closed to 2 for higher relative density models.
The Morphology of SiOx Coated PET Film by Ultrasonic Atomic Force Microscopy and Barrier Properties
Authors: Zhang Gai Mei , Chen Qiang , He Cun Fu , Zhang Shou Ye
Published: July 2011

The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of SiOx coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) affected by fine defects is discussed in this paper. With an ultrasonic AFM (UAFM), which is an advantageous to distinguishing tiny defects on/ in the deposited films, it is found that the OTR of the coated films is relevant to the morphology scanned by UAFM. Herein SiOx layers with a thickness in the order of nano-scale were fabricated in 13.56 MHz-radio frequency (RF) -plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The monomer for the coating fabrication is hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO). Fourier transform inferred (FTIR) spectra of the deposited coating with a strong peak at 1062 cm-1, corresponding to Si-O-Si stretching vibration, confirm the formation of SiOx coatings through PECVD. The higher OTR value of SiOx coated PET is consistence with defects on film surface and in the subsurface of coatings through UAFM. It obtains that the OTR value of the defect free SiOx coated film was reduced by ca. 89% compared with the defect existence SiOx coated PET.
The Effect of Alkaline Slurry on Low-K Film
Authors: Hu Yi , Liu Yu Ling , Wang Li Ran , Liu Xiao Yan , He Yan Gang
Published: July 2011

As the integrated circuits developing, the line-width and space between the metal interconnection are shrinking. This increases the RC time delay. To reduce the RC time delay, the low dielectric constant (low-k) material was introduced in the ICs. For process integration considerations, the impact of electronic characters was investigated. In this paper, both static test and CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) process conditions were executed on the low-kmaterial black diamond (BD) with slurry,which was explored by Hebei University of Technology. The slurry was utilized to evaluate the effect on the dielectric properties of BD films. Electrical analyses have shown dielectric properties of BD films would not be degraded during these processes. The static test was dipping the low–k material (BD)in the slurry for 30s and 2minutes, and the results showed the capacitance changed from 3.01to3.40 when dipping in 30s ,and the value reached 3.71 when dipping 2minutes. The resistance changed from 2.9-2.95 to 3.27-3.33 in 30s,and reached 3.57-3.63 in 2 minutes. The result of CMP process showed that the capacitance of five dots , which were selected on the BD film, changed from 2.94-2.98to 2.99-3.05. The dielectric integrity of lowkBD films after CMP process remained at an acceptable region to meet requires of multilevelinterconnection.
Effect of Floating Die on Tooth Filling of Spur Gear Forging
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhao Sheng Dun
Published: July 2011

According to the analysis of friction distribution on radial direction in the precision forging spur gear, the reason that the tooth corner was difficult to fill is revealed. Changing the motion mode of the floating die will change the friction condition between billet and floating die, as well as the filling situation of tooth corner. Finally, the scheme was further validated by DEFORM-3D, and the results show that the validity of floating die to tooth corner filling.
Effect of Mandrel Exchange on the Precision Forging of Spur Gear
Authors: Yang Cheng , Zhao Sheng Dun , Zhang Jian Jun
Published: July 2011

In order to reduce the spur gear precision forging load and prevent load to rise sharply in final forging, on the basis of analysis the distribution of contact pressure of cylinder upsetting, mandrel exchange technology is put forward. As a result, the material always has free space to flow. The tool-set and experiment scheme are designed, finally, the scheme is further validated by Deform-3D, and the results show that the validity of mandrel exchange technology to reduce the load in gears precision forging.
Surface Characteristic of Wheat Straw Treated with Plasma
Authors: Mao Hai Yan , Zhou Ding Guo , Wang Sun Guo , Yang Rui
Published: July 2011

The waxy wheat straw surface and high SiO2content of wheat straw agrifibres make wheat straw-based panel production much more difficult than traditional wood-based panel manufacture. Plasma surface modification is regarded as one of the cost effective surface treatment techniques for many materials including natural fibers. In this study, plasma technique was employed to treat the surface of wheat straw. After the plasma treatment, the surface properties were then evaluated by determining the contact angles of 3 liquids on the wheat straw surface and by analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).The results showed that the contact angles of water, glycerol, and UF resin after the plasma treatment decreased by 44.1%, 18.6%, and 24.9%, respectively. In the meantime, –OH, and -C=O groups increased according to the FTIR analysis. The FTIR analysis also indicated a significant SiO2reduction in the plasma treated wheat straw. Obviously, the plasma treatment improved the wettability of wheat straw, increased the numbers of oxygen-containing functional groups, and also removed the weak interface of wheat straw remarkably. By means of the plasma treatment, the internal bond property between modified wheat straw fibers was expected to enhance, and thus some cheaper traditional adhesives such as urea formaldehyde (UF) and phenol formaldehyde (PF) can be used for the wheat straw-based panel production instead of using expensive Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI).
Study on Microstructure and Performance of Bead-on-Plate Weld Metal on 21CrMoV5.11 Steel Continuous Casting Roll by Submerged-Arc Overlaying
Authors: Ding Cheng Gang , Meng Xiao Xia
Published: July 2011

This paper examines the microstructure and performance of bead-on-plate welds on 21CrMoV5.11 steel continuous casting roll (dimensions:φ150mm×300mm) by submerged-arc overlaying under three types of welding heat (high, medium and low) input. The result shows that the microstructure of first, second and third tiers of bead-on-plate weld is martensite and ferrite, the ferrite is distributed in worm, streak or flake forms, the first tier of weld metal has slightly more ferrite, the deposited metal has even distribution of hardness, the third tier of weld metal has high hardness, when the input of welding heat is high, the bead-on-plate weld has low hardness, the wearing resistance is poor and ferrite is mostly distributed in batten form.
Design and Simulation of Molded Interconnect Devices with Two Shot Molding
Authors: Zhuo Yong , Peng Juan , Wu Yan Jun
Published: July 2011

Three Dimensional Molded Interconnect Devices (3D-MID) has enormous potential for rationalization in both manufacturing process and the freedom to design of mechatronic products. Two shot molding is one of the most important and commonly used methods among the various MID manufacturing processes. Currently, there is a lack of effective design and simulation tools that can be used for MID with two shot molding. In this paper, an integrated product model using feature technology, some MID-specific design functions, and one special interface based on the API of Moldflow Plastics Insight (MPI) and the COM-Technology are presented. These developed product model, functions and interface increase the efficiency of the MID design process, and the design and simulation integrated environment also towards the rational and optimal design of MID products with two shot molding.
Effect of Acid Treatment on Surface Morphology and Strength of Float Glass under Ultrasonic Wave
Authors: Diao Yun Chao , Jiang Yan Yan , Wang Shi Kai , Wang Cheng Yu
Published: July 2011

The float glass was polished by acid solution (HF/H2SO4) under ultrasonic wave. The surface morphologies before and after acid etching were observed by metallographic microscope. The thickness of acid etching was measured by thickness tester, and the strength before and after acid etching was investigated via material surface and interface performance tester. The experimental conditions, such as the amount of HF and H2SO4, the temperature of acid etching and the time of acid etching were optimized under ultrasonic wave ( f =40 KHz, P=125 W) by orthogonal design test. The suitable conditions were 10% for HF, 15 min for acid etching time, 30% for H2SO4and 25 °C for acid etching temperature, and thus the strength of float glass increased from 89.68 Mpa to 302.25 Mpa. The optimum thickness for acid etching was about 40 μm. The microscopic pictures showed that the surface defects of the glass surface such as scratch and pit weakened obviously or disappeared.
Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Co-Based Alloy Coatings
Authors: Cheng Hu , Fang Zhi Gang , Dai Sheng , Zhao Xian Rui , Yi Jian
Published: July 2011

The Co-based alloy coatings were successfully fabricated on H13 steel by Nd:YAG and CO2laser. The microstructure and properties of the laser cladded coatings were compared and analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and microhardness tester. The results show that the excellent metallurgical bonding has formed at the interface between substrate and laser cladded coatings. Cellular crystal at the bonding zone, cellular dendrite at the central zone and reticular equiaxed crystal near top surface were observed in Nd:YAG laser cladded coating, while the typically hypoeutectic character was found in CO2laser cladded coating. Phase constituents of both coatings are mainly composed of Cr23C6, Co3Mo2Si, MoC, FeCr and γ-Co. The microhardness of H13 steel is greatly improved by laser cladding, however the microhardness of the CO2laser cladded coating is even higher than the Nd:YAG laser cladded coating.
Influence of Inhibition Layer on Adhesion of a Galvanized High Al Dual Phase Steel
Authors: Deng Zhao Jun , Liu Jing , Lu Zhi Hong , Wang Hui , Lin Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2011

The morphology of inhibition layer and adhesion of Zn coating about a 600MPa grade high Al dual phase steel were studied by grow discharge spectrometry (GDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the inhibition layer is mainly composed of Fe2Al5-xZnx particles with a size of 0.5~1μm, and the adhesion is directly related to the density of the inhibition layer, the denser the inhibition layer, the better the adhesion. It is found: for the samples with good adhesion that besides the Fe2Al5-xZnx particles, there are also some small spherical Al-Mn oxides particles in sizes from 30 to 100nm uniformly distributed in the inhibition layer; for the samples with bad adhesion, the steel substrate is not fully covered by Fe2Al5-xZnx particles and large amount manganese oxides are detected at the non-covered positions.
An Alkaline Hydrothermal Method to Synthesize Super-Hydrophobic Wood
Authors: Wang Shu Liang , Liu Chang Yu , Du Hui Ming , Ma Hua , Xie Cheng , Wang Cheng Yu
Published: July 2011

A layer of sword-like super-hydrophobic film was fabricated on wood surface through an alkaline hydrothermal method. The super-hydrophobic property of the wood surface was measured by contact angle measurements (CA). The microstructure and chemical composition of the super-hydrophobic film was analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Analytical characterization revealed that the micro-scale roughness sword-like particles uniformly erect on the wood surface and create the rough surface. Also, a monolayer of stearic acid was adsorbed on the rough surface which contributes to reduce the surface energy. With the combination of roughness and low surface energy of wood surface, the wood has turned its wetting property from hydrophilic into super-hydrophobic with a water contact angle 151o, and the sliding angle is about 5o.
In Situ Formation of ZrO2-Y2O3-Containing Ceramic Coating on Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
Authors: Luo Hai He , Cai Qi Zhou
Published: July 2011

A ZrO2-Y2O3-containing composite ceramic coating was firstly in situ prepared on AZ91D magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) technique in an alkaline silicate-containing electrolyte. The morphology, chemical composition and corrosion resistance of the PEO coating were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer, dropping corrosion and electrochemical corrosion test. The results showed that the ceramic coating consisted of two distinct structural layers: an outer loose layer and an inner dense layer; it was composed of t-ZrO2, Y2O3, SiO2and some magnesium compounds, such as MgO,MgF2and Mg2SiO4. In addition, the ceramic coating also showed excellent dropping and electrochemical corrosion resistance, which was mainly attributed to its special phase composition and microstructure.
Formability of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet in Hydro-Bugling by Pulsating Hydraulic Pressure
Authors: Yi Liang , Yang Lian Fa , Guo Chen
Published: July 2011

The formability of the magnesium alloy sheets is poor at room temperature even though the magnesium alloy sheets are attractive because of their excellent characteristics. Hydro-forming technology, especially the pulsating hydro-forming, may be a way to improve the formability. Finite element simulations have been conducted to investigate the formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet in hydro-bugling by pulsating hydraulic pressure. The influence of linear pressure, pulsating pressure and pulsating frequency on the maximum bulging height and minimum wall thickness of the formed parts have been analyzed. The research results show that the formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet can be improved dramatically by pulsating hydro-forming. And enough bugling height can be obtained by lesser forming hydraulic pressure. The AZ31B sheet has an excellent performance in formability when the pulsating frequency is properly selected.
Sol-Gel Combustion Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Cerium (IV) Oxide Powders
Authors: Du Ling Zhi , Feng Qiao , Zheng Hai Jin
Published: July 2011

CeO2nano-sized crystalline powders were prepared by sol-gel combustion method from ammonium cerium nitrate and citric acid, and the dependences of the particle size of synthesized powder on the precursor gel were investigated. The precursor gels and the synthesized powders were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and X-ray scattering (XRD). The colloid particle with nanometer size was firstly observed by FE-SEM, and its size variation had the same tendency as that of CeO2powders with the varying of the ratio of metal ions to citric acid. Furthermore, the probable reasons for the effect of gel structure on properties of nano-sized ceria powders prepared by sol-gel combustion were explained.
Effect of Different Modified Mechanism on Mechanical and Cutting Properties of WC-Co(Ni)
Authors: Ju Zhi Lan , Hua Guo Ran , Zhang Hua
Published: July 2011

Cemented carbide tools are widely used in machining industry due to their superior properties. WC-Co composite cemented carbide tool materials reinforced with Ni and SiC nano particles were fabricated by using powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion. Different modified mechanism (nano-SiCp modified，binder(Co, Ni) modified and Co electoless plating coated WC ) of WC-based cemented carbide tool materials were fabricated by using powder metallurgy followed by hot extrusion. Microstructure，mechanical and cutting properties were studied. The results show that the heat-resistance, as well as high-temperature behaviors (hardness, wear-resistance and obdurability ) ，can be improved by adding nano-SiCp on WC-based cemented carbide. Ni-Ti replaced Ni as binder can improve hardness and red-hardness of tool. Mechanical properties are enhanced due to Co as binder having more wettability on WC surface than Ni .
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of the Mg-5Y- MM Alloys
Authors: Liu Ke , Meng Jian , Li Shu Bo , Wang Chao Hui
Published: July 2011

The microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-5Y-xMM alloys have been investigated, where MM stands for the Ce-rich misch metal. It was found that the additions of the MM led to refinement of the microstructures and improvement of the mechanical properties. The dynamic recrystallization has occurred during hot extrusion. As a result, the mechanical properties of the alloys were greatly improved after hot extrusion. It was indicated that the specimens of the extruded alloy Mg-5Y-3MM displayed a higher tensile strength, and the values of the ultimate tensile strength and yield tensile strength were 260 and 183MPa, respectively.
Proton Transfer in Proton Exchange Membrane Based on RDF
Authors: Sun Zhe , Sun Hong , Tang Yu Lan , Zuo Jia Ji , Wu Yu Hou
Published: July 2011

PEM fuel cell is the most promising application as an automotive power. Proton transfer in PEM is one of important factors to understand the performance of PEM fuel cell. In this paper, the proton transfer mechanisms are analyzed by the molecular simulation based on the basic principle of molecular dynamics. Effects of water content in the proton exchange membrane and cell temperature on the proton transfer in the membrane are studied by the radial distribution function (RDF). Results show that proton transfers in the Nafion polymer by water bridges between two sulfonic groups of adjacent side chains. There are more water bridges supporting proton transfer with the increase of water content in membrane. The increase of cell temperature speeds up the form and break of O-H bond, which promotes the proton transfer. The research results are very helpful to understanding the proton transfer mechanism in proton exchange membrane and promoting the applications of PEM fuel cell.
Preparation and Processing of PZT Thin Film by Liquid Mist Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Hao Jun Jie , Li Yang Yang , Ji Hui Ming
Published: July 2011

PZT thin film was prepared on platinized Si substrates by liquid-source mist microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition. Using citric amine and ethylene glycol as chelating agent, a homogeneous, stable water solvent sol was prepared successfully, which was suitable to develop PZT thin film by LSMPECVD. From the analysis of FTIR spectra, the special functions of chelating agents were identified. It shows that this deposition process is nonuniform nucleation, the PZT thin film grew with island model. Prior to fill the blank sites on the substrate, the latter deposited PZT congregated together to reduce surface energy. The morphology and structure were characterized by SEM and XRD analysis.
Study on Microstructure of Quenched Martensite in W6Mo5Cr4V2 Steel
Authors: Ji Yun Ping , Liu Zong Chang , Ren Hui Ping
Published: July 2011

The microstructure and the formation mechanism of martensite in W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel was studied by metallographic microscope and JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope after the samples were austenized between the temperatures of Ac1~Accm and then quenched. The results show that When heating W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel samples between the temperatures of Ac1~Accm and then quenching, the cryptocrystalline martensite will be obtained. The cryptocrystalline martensite is plate martensite actually. It is considered that the formation cause of the cryptocrystal martensite is extremely inhomogeneous chemical composition in the austenite grains and the difference of martensite starting point (Ms point) of every small area in austenite grains. Besides the high-density dislocation and the fine twin crystal, the substructure of the cryptocrystalline martensite includes the superfine stacking fault. The stacking fault is caused by the stacking misarrangement during the crystal lattice reconstruction of martensite phase transformation. The midrib exists in the cryptocrystal martensite of W6Mo5Cr4V2 steel, which is composed of the fine twin crystal plates. The shear mechanism can not account for the formation of the martensite midrib.
Management of Bio-Engineering Equipment - Take Ventilation and Mechanical Agitation Fermenter for Example
Authors: Huang Ru Qiang , Li Niang Hui , You Rong , Chen Hao Qing , Peng Guo Cheng , Yin Liang , Jiang Xue Wen
Published: July 2011

Bio-engineering equipment are including biological reactor, the product of biological reactions and purification of material handling equipment and auxiliary systems equipment. Ventilation and mechanical agitation fermenter is a bioreactor that is widely used in plant biotechnology, according to incomplete statistics, it accounts for 70% -80% of the total fermenters, and shows the advantages of high production and high economic efficiency. the key to improve the existing equipment management system is to strengthen equipment management system, office automation and information technology capabilities, particularly in the management of large fermentation tanks, should take advantage of new technologies, new methods and new approach to management. In this paper, there are introducing seven aspect contents, and the purpose is to strengthen management of ventilation and mechanical agitation fermenter.
Overload Control of Supersonic Missile System
Authors: Jin Yu Qiang , Ma Qiang
Published: July 2011

PI control is also an old and classic method which is effective and mostly used in linear systems. In this paper, two assumptions are proposed to simplify the design of overload control system of supersonic missiles. No aero-coefficient is necessary to be known because of the adopting of PI control method.
Study on Straight Edge Cutter for Processing Circular Arc Tooth Belt Pulley
Authors: Gao Ji , Xia Tian , Zhao Qiang
Published: July 2011

In this paper, straight edge cutter is introduced to machine circular arc tooth belt pulley. General method of fitting circular arc with straight line was set up, and function expression of the fitting straight line was solved. By fitting theoretical contour shape of cutter for processing circular arc tooth belt pulley and contour shape of straight edge cutter, profile error formula of straight edge cutter was obtained. And fitting calculation was carried out with the maximum profile error (i.e. fitting the maximum error) on axial profile of cutter as a fitting condition. Finally it was verified with processing examples.