bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Idas y vueltas: los programas de planificación familiar en el Perú
Authors: Aramburú Carlos E.
Published: March 2020

En el presente trabajo se discuten los cambios en la política y en los programas de planificación familiar en el Perú desde la década de 1960 y el modo en que ellos afectan el descenso de la fecundidad, la mezcla anticonceptiva y el acceso a los anticonceptivos. Se trata de vincular la información estadística con la descripción de los procesos políticos e institucionales de estos programas. Se concluye que la política importa y que afecta, sobre todo, a las mujeres más vulnerables en el ejercicio de sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos.
Casi un siglo y medio de mortalidad en la Argentina…
Authors: Grushka Carlos
Published: March 2020

Este trabajo analiza la evolución de la mortalidad en la Argentina desde 1869 hasta 2010, teniendo en cuenta diferenciales según sexo, edad, causas, región y factores socioeconómicos determinantes. La Esperanza de Vida al Nacer (evn) tuvo una tendencia prácticamente lineal, aumentando de 33 a 75 años. Las diferencias regionales son significativas y decrecientes y se asocian a desigualdades en las condiciones de vida. Entre 1960 y 2010, la tasa de mortalidad (estandarizada por edad) se redujo un 46%; la mayor reducción corresponde a enfermedades infecciosas (76%) y la menor a violencia o causas externas (39%). Las perspectivas de la mortalidad generan controversias en cuanto al impacto que pueden tener sobre ella los cambios técnicos, médicos y ambientales y el balance de estos factores, pero es fundamental el conocimiento del camino recorrido
El rol de las elecciones educativas en la transición a la Educación Media Superior en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Rodríguez Rocha Eduardo
Published: March 2020

Este artículo aborda el rol de las elecciones educativas en la transición a la Educación Media Superior en la Ciudad de México. El trabajo argumenta que el estudio de dichas elecciones contribuye al entendimiento de los procesos de desigualdad de oportunidades presentes durante las transiciones post-secundarias. De tal forma, haciendo uso de la Base de Datos comipems 2010, se realizó un análisis estadístico mediante el cual se han distinguido tres grupos de factores intervinientes: los de origen social, los de trayectoria educativa previa y los de expectativas educativas. Los resultados de los modelos estadísticos sugieren que las elecciones educativas son, en buena medida, homólogas a las posiciones de origen de los estudiantes. De tal modo, se sostiene que ellas constituyen un elemento que contribuye a la persistencia en las condiciones de desigualdad de oportunidades educativas.
MARKET OF THE INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS
Authors: KRUPINA S.V. , YABLONSKAYA N.V. , KOPAIHORODSKA T.G.
Published: March 2020

Topicality. The modern economy of the developed world powers is oriented on creation of conditions of favorable innovative type of development, attraction and use of innovations in economic activity, one of the main components of regulation of innovative activity of any country is the market of innovations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to study the current state and components of the market for innovative goods in Ukraine and their impact on the economy of the state. Research results. The main stages of the innovation process and their connection with the market system are considered in the article; the concept and components of the market for innovative goods are defined; the main indicators of innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises are analyzed. The structure of the basic elements of the market of innovative goods is proposed and the main problems of formation and development of the market of innovations in the country are revealed. Conclusion. The formation of an innovation market is a complex, contradictory process, as an underdeveloped innovation market has a devastating effect on the competitiveness of innovation structures, the reduction of innovation activity and the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity. The development of the innovation market, on the one hand, seeks the entrepreneur to innovate, and on the other - creates fierce competition, technological unemployment, not always the ability to control the level of prices for innovative products, new problems of ecology, ergonomics, security, etc. The functioning and development of the market for innovative goods in Ukraine requires the formation of infrastructure of the market of innovations, increase the demand of industrial enterprises and business for the results of intellectual labor and research and development, and build a system of interconnection between educational institutions, science, scientific, technical, experimental and design activities and representatives of the real economy sector, in the future will increase the innovation activity of Ukrainian enterprises. Little attention is paid to the development and financing of science in the country; functioning of highly competitive development of the market of intellectual and innovative products requires interrelation between business and the state; it is necessary to create a favorable economic, legal and information environment for the development of an innovative market; it is necessary to support the development of innovative entrepreneurship by the state; it is necessary to improve the system of commercialization of the results of intellectual activity at all stages of the innovation process.
Advice on Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Diseases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic
Authors: Zou Jun , Yu Hao , Song Dawei , Niu Junjie , Yang Huilin
Published: March 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 that caused difficulties for clinical work. Practical work experience in our spinal outpatient and emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized in this article, with combined evidence-based medical evidence to explore a standardized process of diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases. Outpatient reservation, continuous screening, triage, and isolation, first consultation accountability system, pandemic reporting system, and online revisit were strictly followed. We hope that our experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 can help spine surgeons globally in stopping the spread of COVID-19. Spine surgeons should collaborate with infection control specialists to avoid cross-infection in hospitals and optimize treatment.
Degrees of Permeability
Authors: Schneider Luisa T.
Published: March 2020

This article deconstructs a binary that has arisen between prisons as, on the one hand, ‘total institutions’ of exclusion and, on the other, ‘carceral continuums’ that incorporate marginalized urban livelihoods. The experiences of four inmates at Pademba Road, Freetown’s male prison – which accommodates inmates with sentences from one year to life – illustrate that prisons belong in neither camp. Instead, inmates’ unique responses to their imprisonment show that both a prison’s continuity and its exclusionary mechanism are situational and gendered as crime, social standing, capital and agency coalesce. Following Michel de Certeau’s examination of people’s reappropriations of culture in everyday life, this article analyses how inmates’ tactics to reinforce and bend prison walls work to either strengthen or undermine the carceral system’s strategies and influence the prison’s permeability. Inmates’ embodied experiences allow for a nuanced understanding of the inside/outside relationship of imprisonment and of the space between mobility and stasis, subjugation, embrace and resistance.
Afterword
Authors: Jensen Steffen
Published: March 2020

In this afterword, I consider some of the important insights that are generated in this special issue. The thorough and detailed consideration of the ways in which detainees and formerly incarcerated persons survive confinement and the constraints imposed on them illustrates the power of ethnography. Each of the contributions builds on strong empirical material and sometimes decade-long engagement with people in and on the brink of confining institutions. In this way, the contributions form a comprehensive empirical foundation for understanding confinement beyond the carceral institutions, while also allowing us to ask new kinds of questions about confinement beyond site. While firmly rooted in prison ethnography, the special issue thus inspires urban studies and anthropologists more broadly to think concertedly about the role of confinement, not only as the fate of many urban residents but as an ever-present element of the urban imaginary and of urban life.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bristley Joseph , Turk Elizabeth
Published: March 2020

Anya Bernstein, The Future of Immortality: Remaking Life and Death in Contemporary Russia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 296, 2019.

Tomas Matza, Shock Therapy: Psychology, Precarity, and Well-being in Postsocialist Russia. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, pp. 305, 2018.
Some aspects of the Gaudiya-Vayshnavism research
Authors: Antonova N. I.
Published: March 2020

The evolution of the research phenomenon is associated with certain features of cognition (as a philosophical problem) that are crucial for its dynamics. The phenomenon of the history of science / scholarship has its own specific research features and postulates, which serve as a methodological basis for the author of this article. This allows it to identify the primary role of reflection, which, as a consequence, contributes to changing the axiomatic base of research, that is, its evolution. This is illustrated in the article devoted to the complex of problems in the field of GaudiyaVaishnavism research. The author suggests to regularly revise the becoming outdated ideas and stereotypes, especially those that contain ideological connotations and obvious errors in the perception of the cultures of «the others».

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
The Sanskrit term bhāvanā as used in the “Bhāvanā-krama” by Kamalaśīla
Authors: Ivanov V. P.
Published: March 2020

The paper focuses on the concept of bhāvanā, i.e. the key term of the Sanskrit treatise “Bhāvanā-krama” by Kamalaśīla (VIII CE). The analysis of the context of “Bhāvanā-krama”, where this term occurs provides an insight into the issues of the origin of the said treatise, its composition and contents. The meaning of this term in “Bhāvanā-krama” is compared to its usage in other Sanskrit texts. The general analysis of the text of “Bhāvanā-krama” and particularly of the application of this term in the expressions, such as bhūtārtha-bhāvanā, bhūtam eva… bhāvanīyam etc. offers a better understanding of the term proper and highlights the deep layers of its meaning.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Stories (novellas) from Arabic chronicles of the 9th–10th cent.
Authors: Mikulskiy D. V.
Published: March 2020

The publication offers academic translations of fifteen stories from the major chronicles of the 9th–10th cent. AD written in Arabic and arranged after the ruling dynasties. These two centuries witnessed the genesis and further development of this very popular genre of historical narrative. The so-called “dynastic” chronicles display the events of the history of the Muslim Community by dividing it following the times of the rule of the Muslim sovereigns, the Caliphs. Such chronicles were authored by the Muslim as well as by the Christian authors. Concerning the composition of historical works, their texts can be described as “amalgamated” and comprise along with other information a certain type of stories, which are written in a “genre” of “belles-lettres”. They usually comprise dialogues and rather vivid descriptions of historical characters and their deeds. The chronicles, which these stories are extracted from are written by ad-Dinawari (d. 891), al-Ya‘kubi (d. 897), Eutichius (d. c. 940) and al-Muqaddasi (d. end X c.)2 . The translations are arranged in the chronological order and supplied with roman numerals. The publication is followed by a detailed commentary.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Ōta Gyūichi. “Shinchō-kō ki”. Book V
Authors: Polkhov S. A.
Published: March 2020

The publication provides a commented translation into Russian of the book V of Shinchō-kō ki chronicle, key source describing the life of Oda Nobunaga, daimyō of Owari province, who laid the foundation for reunification of Japan at the end of Sengoku jidai. The book V narrates about Nobunaga war with Azai and Asakura clans, and the beginning of his conflict with powerful Takeda house.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
“Interpretation of Voidness and Fullness” and “Interpretation of Loftiness and Cleanliness”: Li Zhi’s Essays on the Qualities of Human Character
Authors: Rudenko N. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper continues the research of the chapter “Diverse Writings” (Za shu 雜述) of the famous “Book to Burn” (Fen shu 焚書), opus magnum of iconoclastic late Ming thinker Li Zhi (李贄, 1527–1602), and presents the first Russian translations of Li Zhi’s essays on qualities of human character: “Interpretation of Voidness and Fullness” (Xu shi shuo 虛實說) and “Interpretation of Loftiness and Cleanliness” (Gao jie shuo 高潔說). In these writings the thinker makes accent on the importance of real, not only nominal possession of virtues as well as of the ability to reconsider one’s own wrong views. He also protests against the hypocrisy and prejudice and puts forward the genuineness as a criteria of what makes the difference between ordinary people and a gentleman. The essays provide a bright reflection of the core features of Li Zhi’s philosophical views, such as oppositional authentism, naturalistic dualism and the synthesis of Buddhist, Daoist and Confucian elements.

The author declares that there is no conflict of interest.
Simulation of Two Phase Flow Mixing Co – Current in T Junction Using Comsol
Authors: Noori Wallaa A. , AlTimimi Dhiyaa A. Hussein , Kadhim Bashar Jawad
Published: March 2020

The analysis, behavior of two-phase flow incompressible fluid in T-juction is done by using "A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) model" that application division of different in industries. The level set method was based in “Finite Element method”. In our search the behavior of two phase flow (oil and water) was studed. The two-phase flow is taken to simulate by using comsol software 4.3. The multivariable was studying such as velocity distribution, share rate, pressure and the fraction of volume at various times.  The velocity was employed at the inlet (0.2633, 0.1316, 0.0547 and 0.0283 m/s) for water and (0.1316 m/s) for oil, over and above the pressure set at outlet as a boundary condition. It was observed through the program that the shear rate increased in the mixing area and begins to decrease after the mixing area, for the pressure suddenly decreases in the mixing area and after this area begins to decrease linearly with the length of the tube.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Yellow Dye in Wastewater using H2O2/TiO2/UV Technique
Authors: Mohammed Noor A. , Alwared Abeer I. , Salman Mohammed S.
Published: March 2020

In the present study, advanced oxidation treatment, the TiO2 /UV/H2O2  process was applied to decolorisation of the reactive yellow dyes in aqueous solution. The UV radiation was carried out with a 6 W low-pressure mercury lamp. The rate of color removal was studied by measuring the absorbency at a characteristic wavelength. The effects of H2O2 dosage, dye initial concentration and pH on decolorisation kinetics in the batch photoreactor were investigated. The highest decolorisation rates were observed (98.8) at pH range between 3 and 7. The optimal levels of H2O2 needed for the process were examined. It appears that high levels of H2O2 could reduce decolorisation by scavenging the *OH. The color degradation rate decreases as the dye concentration increases. The rate coefficient (k=0.0319 min-1) of degradation, follows the pseudo-first-order kinetics.
Development of cognitive interest of students in the course of research activities in the process of learning the basics of life safety
Authors: Golub E. Yu.
Published: March 2020

The article provides theoretical and methodological justification of the model of teaching and research activities, taking into account cognitive, personality, developmental, and behavioral features of senior pupils; raising the safety culture of personality, a sense of responsibility to the world; to develop students ‘ interest in the subject of basics of life safety, ability to analyze and synthesize material, to grasp the essence of problems and to use the obtained knowledge in practice. To date, the development of cognitive interest among students is a complex multilevel psycho-pedagogical process, including many factors and, unfortunately, in modern general education institutions these factors are not taken into account, as traditional methods of education prevail; there is no individual approach to the student as an individual; the minimum connection is between the subject of life safety with real-life situations, absence of activation of creative thinking in students, as a result of which there is a reduced interest of teenagers both in the subject of life safety and in the process of teaching in principle. The aim of the study is to develop and theoretical justification and experimental testing of the didactic model of education and research activities of high school students in the process of teaching the basics of life safety aimed at the development of cognitive interest. Structural elements (components) of the model of education and research activities were identified: target, motivational (or personal), content-procedural and evaluative (or effective), their characteristics were presented. The criteria and indicators of the evaluation and performance unit are proposed, which are used as the basis for the efficiency of the model introduced into the training process on life safety model. The results of the study can be reflected in the practice of diagnosing the cognitive interest of schoolchildren within the framework of subject-matter training when introducing into the educational process an elective course „Research activities of students on life safety” within the framework of extracurricular work.
Edutainment in contemporary network media: journalistic formats and technologies
Authors: Soldatkina Ya. V.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the analysis of the latest convergent forms in modern journalism. In the context of competition for the reader and the spread of aggressive content, media begins to create portals and media platforms of an educational and educative nature, the goals of which are close to the classical functions of journalism as a social institution. These portals do not provide news information, but use the communication channels of new media and social networks, as well as modern gaming techniques to attract the attention of the audience and increase its intellectual potential. An appeal to the traditional journalistic formats (interviews, essays, imitation of television broadcasts), to the communication and digital capabilities of new media (podcasts, mobile narratives), to the technologies of edutainment (tests, role-playing games) allows talking about the development of a new productive media format of educational semantics.
Historical process and historical time in Tom Stoppard’s drama
Authors: Dvoryankina I. S.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes Tom Stoppard’s historical concept through philological, philosophical and cultural discourse. The article highlights the transformation of the playwright’s views on the historical process: from following the concept of postmodernism to consideration of historical process as included in the Great Chain of Being and objectification of historical events in accordance to Hegel’s determinism. The article covers the influence of Wilson’s and Berlin’s school of history of the ideas on the formation of Stoppard’s history concept. The article highlights the main issues addressed by Stoppard: individual freedom and protection of the human rights; it is noted that the moral and civic pathos of the plays is a distinctive feature of Stoppard’s drama.
Formation of professional readiness of future primary school teachers to ensure social partnership with parents in the nomadic school of the far north
Authors: Nuzhnova N. M.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the formation of professional readiness of future primary school teachers to ensure and implement social partnership with parents of students in the Far North. The article focuses on the relevance of the project „Nomadic school” in modern conditions, shows the trends of modernization of education, in particular, the proposals of the Ministry of education of Russia in the field of legal regulation in nomadic education. The advantages of teaching children in primary classes of nomadic school, concerning the issues of adaptation process to primary education, preservation of traditional family education, native language and national culture are substantiated. In the context of successfully carried out training of primary school teachers to work in nomadic schools of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, the content of training sessions with students studying at Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia is revealed when mastering the disciplines of the module „Social Partnership with Parents”. The author believes that the joint work of the teacher with the parents can lead the latter to change their position from an observer to an active assistant, partner of the educational process in the quality of education and upbringing of children in their nomadic places. The presented forms of work with students make it possible to increase their motivation to organize and ensure social partnership with parents, to develop certain skills related to the application of technologies of organization of joint activities with parents in the field of education of students, demonstrate its achievements in organizing a social partnership between the nomadic school and parents.
Metabolomic analysis of SMP30/GNL knockout mice treated with fermented vegetable and fruit extract (OM-X®)
Authors: Wakame Koji , Takahata Muneaki , Miyake Yasuyoshi , Yasuda Eri , Shimomiya Yoshie , Nakata Akifumi , Sato Keisuke , Mihara Yoshihiro , Takaguri Akira , Komatsu Ken-ichi
Published: March 2020

Background:  A dietary supplement developed in Japan, OM-X®, is the result of extended fermentation of dozens of edible vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, mushrooms, and includes 12 strains of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacterium. The supplements powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties, and regulatory effect on metabolizing liver enzymes have been reported.Senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/Gluconolactonase (GNL) Knockout (KO) mice, which lack the ability to biosynthesize Vitamin C (VC) in the body, were used in this study. The mice exhibited decreased antioxidant capacity in the blood, decreased liver function, and had poor hair growth due to the VC deficiency. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of oral administration of OM-X® on VC deficiency from the viewpoint of comprehensive analysis of liver metabolism.Methods: SMP30/GNL KO and C57BL/6 (WT) mice were used in this study. The KO mice were divided into the following three groups: VC non-administration (VC minus), VC (0.15 W/V %) administration (VC plus), and no VC plus 0.6% OM-X® administration (OM-X®) groups (n = 6 per group). Mice were kept under experimental conditions until they were euthanized at week 8 (age: 16 weeks old). Body weight and plasma biochemistry levels were measured.. Metabolomic analyses of harvested livers were performed.Results: In the VC minus group, a significant decrease in body weight and significant changes in plasma biochemistry parameters compared with the WT control or VC plus groups was observed. In the OM-X® group, significant suppression or a suppressive trend was observed compared with the VC minus group. Liver metabolomic analysis showed that total adenylate levels decreased in the VC minus group, whereas OM-X® administration significantly elevated total adenylate levels. In addition, the ratios of Glutathione (GSH)/ Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/ S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and total glutathione levels were all significantly higher in the OM-X® group than in the VC minus group. The glycerol 3-phosphate/ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and putrescine/spermidine ratios were elevated in the VC minus group, whereas it was significantly lower in the OM-X® group.Conclusion: The results showed that in SMP30/GNL KO mice, some organ damage may have occurred during VC deficiency, as indicated by weight loss, hepatic injury, and changes in triglyceride-related markers. OM-X® had an effect on energy charge maintenance by elevating total adenylate levels, inducing antioxidant capacity via enhancing glutathione levels, and promoting protein synthesis, including polyamine synthesis. Altogether, the results revealed that OM-X® prevents the adverse biological changes caused by VC deficiency in SMP30/GNL KO mice.Keywords: OM-X®, SMP30/GNL KO mice, Vitamin C, metabolomic analysis.
Evaluation on antioxidative capacity, nephroprotective effect, and DNA damage protection of mixed low potassium vegetables and fruits juice powder in HEK-293 cells
Authors: Sirinupong Nualpun , Khamhae Matthawan , Kanokwiroon Kanyanatt , Chansuwan Worrapanit
Published: March 2020

Background: An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defenses is one of the multifactorial natures contributing to many disorders. One of them is chronic kidney disease (CKD). The development of novel diets to slow progression or reduces complication of CKD are highly needed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidative capacity and nephroprotective effect of a product, mixed low potassium vegetables and fruits juice powder (MJP) in HEK-293 cells.Methods: The produced MJP was determined for phenolics and flavonoids content. The antioxidative capacity was examined by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS assay. The cell viability to MJP and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-treated were determined by MTT assay. The intracellular antioxidative capacity was determined by co-treatment of MJP and H2O2-induced HEK-293 cell damage including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular enzymes activities, and DNA damage protection.Results: The MJP at the concentration of 5 and 10 mg/ml showed positive effects on H2O2-induced HEK-293 cells protection and significantly increased cell viability. The ROS production measured by 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF) were increased in the H2O2 treatment approximately 2 times but significantly decreased in the MJP treatment. The result of intracellular enzymatic antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased while the Malonaldehyde (MDA) level was attenuated in the co-treatment of MJP and H2O2-induced HEK293 cells compared with only H2O2-inducing. In the examination of the morphological change due to oxidative stress exhibited less nuclei fragment in the cell of MJP treatment. In addition, the isolated DNA was protected by MJP application.   Conclusion: The produced MJP contains bioactive phenolic and flavonoid compounds. MJP possesses potential antioxidative capacity through the reducing H2O2-induced HEK-293 cells damage and increasing the intracellular antioxidant enzymes. In addition, the nephroprotective effects of MJP related to the antioxidant enzymes was involved in the free radical scavenging. Therefore, MJP could be a functional drink for individual limiting potassium and liquid uptake.Keywords:  Antioxidative capacity, DNA damage protection, low potassium vegetables and fruits, nephroprotective, chronic kidney disease
Digital Transformation in Higher Education: A Case Study on Strategic Plans
Authors: Kuzu Ö. H.
Published: March 2020

Digital transformation is considered as an inevitable process for higher education systems like all socio-economic institutions and systems. The digital transformation, which paradoxically incorporates both challenges and conveniences, has to become the focus of corporations’ strategies. The aim of this study is to determine the status of digital transformation in universities’ strategies. For this purpose, the strategic plans of 18 Turkish universities, which ranked at the top 1000 most often in the world rankings, were evaluated with the content analysis method. Findings indicate that expressions about the components of digital transformation in the strategic plans of the universities were gathered under 4 themes, 14 categories and 35 codes. The expressions of the universities about digital transformation are coded under the category of diversity and flexibility of learning technologies, especially education theme and distance/open learning. It is observed that universities have the least digital transformation strategies concerning research and social service missions. In this sense, it was concluded that universities could not perform digital transformation beyond technological infrastructure renewal into an integrated transformation model and strategic vision. The results of the study were compared with empirical and theoretical studies in the literature. For universities and future studies, it was proposed that Turkish universities are compareable with the universities abroad, which show the successful examples of the digital transformation, and that the quantitative and/or qualitative methods related to the subject can be applied by internal and external stakeholders, especially in the sector’s evaluations.
Teaching Russian to Non-Native Speaking Students in the Multicultural Space of Russian and Moldova Universities
Authors: Afanasieva N. D. , Volkova M. A. , Tsymbalyuk E. I.
Published: March 2020

The article gives a comparative analysis of the factors promoting an increase of interest in learning Russian on the part of non-native speaking students. The research is based on the survey of 225 students carried out at MGIMO-University and Chisinau State Pedagogical University (Moldova). The authors revealed linguo-didactic and sociocultural factors defining students’ choice of language of communication at the university and promoting the building of cognitive interest to learning Russian and forming intercultural competence. The research has shown that 1) the foreign bachelor’s and master’s students have clear goals in learning Russian; 2) the majority of students express an apparent interest in learning Russian; 3) most of students are interested in receiving skills in professional communication in Russian. The professional training of specialists in international relations implies knowing of several languages, the ability to work in multicultural environment, the readiness to effective cross-cultural communication. The research showed that it is necessary to make adjustments in the educational environment and the content of educational programmes based on the labour market demands.
Modern Trends in Public Funding of Higher Education
Authors: De Martino M. , Tkach G. F. , Kovalenko S. A.
Published: March 2020

Public funding currently plays a key role in the stability and success of higher education systems in the world leading countries. As governments are often the main sources of funding for higher education, the effectiveness of public policies in allocating financial flows is a matter of concern. This paper discusses the main mechanisms of financing higher education systems and analyzes the structures and features of these mechanisms using the examples of the largest countries of Western Europe and Asia – Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and China.

Materials and methods. In order to identify current trends in public funding of higher education, the authors used two main groups of materials, which can be conditionally divided into official regulatory documents and statistical (analytical) reviews. Systemic-structural and statistical data analysis methods were applied in the research.

Results. The study of trends in public funding of higher education revealed their great diversity not only in terms of the share in the overall structure of university income, but also in the mechanisms of distribution of financial flows. Nevertheless, this study presents the main groups of these mechanisms, structured according to the methods of their implementation.

Discussion and Conclusion. In the course of the study, the authors concluded that the existing diversity of the world’s higher education financing systems is primarily due to the sustainability of traditions that have developed in national education systems, and the lack of international initiatives aimed at unifying the mechanisms of education financing, as was done earlier on the structure, levels and qualifications in the implementation of the bologna Process. In addition, the constantly changing financial situation in the world encourages states to look for alternative sources of support for higher education, which leads to the creation of new independent financing mechanisms.
Doctoral Programs Are in Anticipation of Change: Postgraduates and Their Scientific Supervisors’ Readiness
Authors: Krasinskaya L. F. , Klimova A. S.
Published: March 2020

Nowadays a postgraduate school reform is expected. It aims at enhancing the scientific preparation of postgraduate students and increasing the number of dissertations. It is planned that the educational process will be carried out in accordance with federal state requirements, and a dissertation will be presented as the final qualification work. Also, the educational accreditation of doctoral programs is going to be cancel. The article discusses the question how far universities are ready for these innovations, and presents the results of a survey aimed at studying the attitude of postgraduate students and their supervisors to the educational process in postgraduate school. The empirical data obtained indicate that the existing model of scientific and pedagogical personnel training is more focused on the educational activities rather than research, there is a mismatch between content of training courses and cognitive needs of students, and there are no necessary material and technical conditions for conducting experimental work. The expected increase in hours for research activities can lead to a reduction in the disciplines that ensure the formation of pedagogical competencies in postgraduate students. The authors believe that pedagogical education for postgraduate students of industrial universities, including technical ones, is necessary, since teachers of special disciplines are not massively trained anywhere. The solution of the question of the optimal ratio of scientific and educational training is possible through the introduction of individual educational paths, which are built taking into account the orientation of postgraduate students towards teaching or research activities.
Features of Postgraduate Programs’ Reforming as an Issue for Scientific and Pedagogical Discussion
Authors: Senashenko V. S.
Published: March 2020

The article discusses the problems of Russian postgraduate studies improving, the goals and objectives of postgraduate training. The peculiarities of reforming the national postgraduate school, general and specific principles and forms of its improvement are considered. The author dwells on a highly specialized orientation of postgraduate training’s educational component. The emphasis is on the need of its restructuring in order to deepen the training of postgraduate students in the beginnings of their researcher profession. The article makes the case for establishing variable postgraduate training, which means focusing of the structure and content of postgraduate training on different types of graduates’ professional employment. In order to improve the quality of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel training, it is necessary to examine the possibilities of higher education resources to be integrated with the scientific potential of Russian Academy of Sciences research institutes. A brief description of the international experience in the field of scientists and teachers training is presented. A two-level model of postgraduate program is proposed. The postgraduate studies at the first level ensure obtaining the primary professional researcher qualification in industrial orientation, while at the second level, the task of transforming the graduate student into an independent active researcher is solved.
El proceso de planiﬁcación del desarrollo rural:
Authors: Pérez Hernández Pedro Pablo , Martín Lozano José Manuel , Fernández Portillo Luis Antonio
Published: March 2020

La experiencia andaluza en la puesta en práctica del desarrollo rural es rica y variada. La planiﬁcación realizada en la nueva estrategia rural andaluza 2007–2013, ha aportado una nueva experiencia en el terreno de la planiﬁcación estratégica participativa. El principal objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la metodología aplicada en el desarrollo de esta estrategia. Este trabajo se divide en tres partes: en primer lugar se expone la situación y breve evolución del desarrollo rural. A continuación, se describe detalladamente la metodología seguida para su desarrollo. Ello exigió el diseño de un complejo procedimiento para la formulación estratégica al requerir la integración de planes estratégicos parciales a diferentes niveles hasta alcanzar el regional. Finalmente, se presentan las conclusiones y las lecciones aprendidas en clave de oportunidad.
La idea de justicia en Amartya Sen y la educación jurídica en las facultades jesuita
Authors: Arjona César , Mària Serrano S.I. Josep F.
Published: March 2020

Esta nota parte de las críticas que Amartya Sen realiza sobre las teorías de la justicia dominantes en la actualidad y los problemas detectados en el modelo de educación jurídica dominante. A partir de la relación existente entre ambos aspectos, se exponen las orientaciones que Sen propone para superar los problemas detectados, las cuales, en opinión de los autores, están conectadas estrechamente con la promoción de la justicia que la Compañía de Jesús ha adoptado como principio integrador de su misión. El texto ﬁnaliza analizando cómo esa misión puede plasmarse en una facultad de Derecho jesuita.
Nuevos horizontes para las ﬁnanzas internacionales. Las propuestas del Pontiﬁcio Consejo Justicia y Paz
Authors: Foglizzo Paolo
Published: March 2020

En nuestra entrega anterior (nº 264, octubre–diciembre de 2011) publicamos como documento la Nota del PONTIFICIO CONSEJO DE JUSTICIA Y PAZ Para una reforma del sistema ﬁnanciero y monetario internacional en la perspectiva de una autoridad pública con competencia universal seguida de dos comentarios de Ildefonso Camacho Laraña y de Jaime Loring Miró. En este número aparece, continuando el debate abierto por aquel documento, una colaboración del economista italiano Paolo Foglizzo, publicada en la revista social de los jesuitas editada en Milán, Aggiornamenti Sociali con la que nos une una fraterna cercanía desde hace tiempo. Creemos contribuir de este modo a la difusión y discusión de un documento del pensamiento social cristiano con gran incidencia y relevancia actual.
"Las empresas de la economía social. Más allá del comentario a la Ley 5/2011, de economía social"
Authors: Serrano Cañas José Manuel
Published: March 2020

Recensión de la obra de: PANIAGUA ZURERA, M. (2011) Las empresas de la economía social. Más allá del comentario a la Ley 5/2011, de economía social [prólogo de Juan I. FONT GALÁN], Madrid, Marcial Pons, 317 pp.
"Desarrollo"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez, S.I. José Juan
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: PAYNE, A. y PHILLIPS, N. (2012), Desarrollo. Madrid, Alianza, 260 pp.
Ruptura del consenso socialdemócrata y crisis del modelo de Estado
Authors: Font Oporto Pablo
Published: March 2020

El “consenso socialdemócrata” que se alcanza tras la segunda guerra mundial permitió la instauración del modelo de Estado social en el mundo desarrollado occidental. El concepto de “Estado social de Derecho” fue elaborado por Hermann Heller como reacción a la crisis del Estado liberal. El modelo de Estado social y el consenso que lo sustentaba entran en crisis a partir de los años 70 al desaparecer el crecimiento económico de las décadas precedentes. Desde entonces arrecian las críticas del neoliberalismo y se inicia el desmantelamiento de dicho modelo. Las consecuencias son una sociedad menos cohesionada, la inhibición del Estado en el ámbito económico y la destrucción de las bases de nuestro sistema político–constitucional. Las desigualdades que genera el neoliberalismo acaban provocando conflictos sociales; por tanto, es necesario buscar alternativas que permitan nuevos consensos.
"Prosperidad sin crecimiento. Economía para un planeta finito"
Authors: Amador Hidalgo Luis
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: Jackson, T. (2011), Prosperidad sin crecimiento. Economía para un planeta finito, Barcelona, Icaria Editorial – Intermón Oxfam Editorial, 280 pp.
"La tragedia del euro"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: Bagus, P. (2012) La tragedia del euro, Madrid, Unión Editorial, 236 pp.
Orígenes, historia y valores de ETEA, una institución universitaria de la Compañía de Jesús
Authors: Loring Miró S.I. Jaime
Published: March 2020

En 1963 los jesuitas comenzaron en Córdoba una nueva obra, una escuela de formación de empresarios agrícolas, obra de colaboración social en la que participó la familia López Giménez. ETEA nació con la voluntad de ser un centro de formación superior, universitaria, al modo de las escuelas de formación de empresarios que a ﬁnales de la década anterior y en aquellos años la Compañía de Jesús había puesto en marcha en bastantes ciudades españolas (Alicante, Barcelona, Bilbao, Madrid, Santander, Valladolid). El precedente inmediato lo constituyeron el centro universitario de estudios empresariales de San Sebastián, así como los de estudios comerciales de Deusto (Bilbao) y de Barcelona. Como primer director de ETEA, Jaime Loring puede ser considerado no sólo su fundador, sino su inspirador y orientador durante muchos años de ejercicio profesional (directivo, docente e investigador) y compromiso apostólico en esta institución universitaria jesuita cordobesa. Al comenzar el año cincuentenario de la fundación el profesor Loring ha sido encargado de pronunciar la lección inaugural del curso que reproducimos a continuación.
La utilidad de las evaluaciones en las ONGD españolas:
Authors: Larrú José María , Méndez María
Published: March 2020

Mediante una combinación de métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, el estudio analiza la utilidad de las evaluaciones externas intermedias que las ONGD españolas han realizado de los convenios ﬁrmados con la AECID en la convocatorias 2006 y 2007.

La investigación se organizó en torno a cinco grupos de variables exógenas: organización y promoción de la evaluación; participación durante el ciclo evaluativo; el equipo evaluador; utilidad y credibilidad; y difusión de la evaluación.

Los principales hallazgos son que la utilidad y el valor de las evaluaciones percibido por las ONGD es notable (moda de 7 sobre 10) y se explican por la composición del equipo evaluador, la comunicación con dicho equipo y la correspondencia entre lo prometido inicialmente y lo ﬁnalmente entregado. Cualitativamente destaca la participación de la ONGD, no la del socio local, ni los recursos invertidos (humanos y de tiempo y dinero). Cualitativamente se identiﬁcan varios puntos débiles que conducen a recomendaciones para el futuro.
"Cruzando el puente. Problemas éticos relacionados con la vida"
Authors: Porras del Corral Manuel
Published: March 2020

Recensión de la obra de: LÓPEZ AZPITARTE, E. y NÚÑEZ DE CASTRO, I. (2011) Cruzando el puente. Problemas éticos relacionados con la vida, Madrid, San Pablo, 603 pp.
Un nuevo modelo de desarrollo y de economía
Authors: Margenat Peralta José María
Published: March 2020

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"Economistas en el tiempo. Cuarenta años de Consejo General"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: March 2020

Reseña de laobra de: CASADO RAIGÓN, J. M. (2012) Economistas en el tiempo. Cuarenta años de Consejo General, Navarra, Thomson Reuters Aranzadi y Consejo General de Colegios de Economistas, 480 pp.
"Historia ﬁnanciera de Europa"
Authors: Rodero Franganillo Adolfo
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: KINDLEBERGER, C. P. (2011) Historia ﬁnanciera de Europa, Barcelona, Crítica, 724 pp.
La idea de la justicia de Amartya Sen, un tratado sobre la injusticia
Authors: Colmenarejo Fernández Rosa
Published: March 2020

En La idea de la justicia (2009), A. Sen retoma la idea de desigualdad como una forma de injusticia y señala las injusticias reparables, así como las fórmulas posibles para su análisis y compensación. La idea de la desigualdad es una constante en la obra de A. Sen desde Desigualdad económica (1972, revisada y ampliada en 1997). En Equality of what? (en castellano, Nuevo examen de la desigualdad) ampliaba aquella propuesta al analizar las implicaciones sociales de las desigualdades económicas, de los denominados “igualitarismos” y del “utilitarismo”.La medición de la desigualdad económica y de la pobreza permitió proponer un “corpus” conceptual al que pertenece el denominado “enfoque de las capacidades” (Capability approach), en el que colaboró activamente M. Nussbaum. Este “enfoque de las capacidades”, aquello que somos capaces de ser, hacer y elegir, fue adoptado para el diseño de indicadores por el Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) o el Índice Multidimensional de la Pobreza (S. Alkire y J. E. Foster, Oxford). La aplicación del enfoque de las capacidades permite identiﬁcar y ordenar alternativas de mejoras sociales adaptadas siempre al contexto en el que se generan las desigualdades.
Las diﬁcultades para la inserción laboral de los inmigrantes por cuenta propia en España
Authors: Navajas Romero Virginia , López Martín María del Carmen
Published: March 2020

La población inmigrante en España, a la hora de emprender por cuenta propia, se caracteriza por problemas especíﬁcos, añadidos a los que tiene para el emprendimiento otros colectivos. Este texto, mediante el apoyo de entrevistas a especialistas en la materia, pretende identiﬁcar dichos problemas. La regulación relativa a los derechos y libertades de los extranjeros en España efectuada por la L.O. 4/2000 contempla la incorporación al mercado de trabajo como el principal requisito necesario para la autorización de los permisos de residencia. Por este motivo consideramos de gran valor conocer las diﬁcultades descubiertas por la población inmigrante en su camino hacia la inserción laboral por cuenta propia.
"Sistema de Derecho comparado y global: de las familias jurídicas mundiales al nuevo Derecho común"
Authors: Del Barrio Natalia
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: SÁNCHEZ–BAYÓN, A. (2012) Sistema de Derecho comparado y global: de las familias jurídicas mundiales al nuevo Derecho común, ed. Tirant lo Blanch, 161 pp.
"No es economía, es ideología"
Authors: Romero Rodríguez José Juan
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: FABRA UTRAY, J. (Coord.) (2013) No es economía, es ideología, 2ª edición, Barcelona, Ed. Deusto, 267 pp.
"La Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas en España: concepto, actores e instrumentos"
Authors: Ruiz Lozano Mercedes
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: APARICIO TOVAR, J. Y VALDÉS DE LA VEGA, B. (Dir.) (2011) La Responsabilidad Social de las Empresas en España: concepto, actores e instrumentos, Albacete, Ed. Bomarzo, 235 pp.
Discurso de apertura del Rector del curso 2013–2014 de la Universidad Loyola Andalucía
Authors: Pérez Alcalá Gabriel María
Published: March 2020

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Palabras del Canciller en la apertura del curso 2013– 2014 de la Universidad Loyola Andalucía.
Authors: Ruiz Pérez Francisco José
Published: March 2020

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"El olivar"
Authors: Martín Lozano José Manuel
Published: March 2020

Reseña de la obra de: IZQUIERDO TOSCANO, J. M. (coordinador) (2013). Andalucía. El olivar, Grupo de estudios avanzados sobre el territorio y medio ambiente (TEXTURA).