bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
N6 methyladenosine eraser FTO suppresses Staphylococcus aureus‐induced ferroptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate osteomyelitis through regulating the MDM2/TLR4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway
Authors: Song Muguo , Lv Kehan , Xu Zhi , Li Junyi , Sun Jian , Shi Jian , Xu Yongqing
Published: January 2024

Osteomyelitis is a bone destructive inflammatory disease caused by infection. Ferroptosis is closely related to multiple inflammatory diseases, but the role of ferroptosis in Staphylococcus aureus (SA)‐induced osteomyelitis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that SA treatment promoted the accumulation of iron, Fe2+, lipid peroxide, and malondialdehyde, increased TFRC and reduced FTH1 and GPX4 to trigger ferroptosis in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Interestingly, increased level of N6 methyl adenosine (m6A) modification along with decreased expression level of m6A eraser FTO were observed in SA‐induced BMSCs, while upregulating FTO alleviated SA‐triggered ferroptosis and protected cell viability in BMSCs. Mechanistically, MDM2 was identified as a target of FTO‐mediated m6A demethylation, and FTO upregulation promoted MDM2 instability to downregulated TLR4 signal and elevate the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in SA‐induced BMSCs. Functional recovery experiments verified that overexpressing MDM2 or TLR4 reversed the inhibiting effect of FTO upregulation on ferroptosis in SA‐treated BMSCs. Additionally, FTO upregulation restrained ferroptosis and pathological damage to bone tissue in SA‐induced osteomyelitis model rats. Altogether, m6A eraser FTO alleviates SA‐induced ferroptosis in osteomyelitis models partly through inhibiting the MDM2‐TLR4 axis.
The carrier effect of ternary solid solution derived by trimetallic CeZrNi MOFs on the Pd dispersion stability for NGVs exhaust purification
Authors: Yang Jiahao , Yue Xinyu , Liao Wannian , Wei Xiaxia , Ruan Le , Tang Fushun
Published: January 2024

This article was the first to prepare CeZrNiOx ternary solid solution using CeZrNi BDC MOFs as a template, and investigate its effect on improving the dispersion stability of Pd components in three‐way catalysts and the catalytic performance of natural gas exhaust purification. The experimental results indicated that CeZrNiOx derived from CeZrNi‐BDC MOFs had a stable solid solution uniform structure and relatively good thermal stability of the porous structure. Therefore, the thermal stability of Pd/CZN−M derived from CeZrNi BDC MOFs was significantly better than that of Pd/CZN−C prepared by citric acid complexation method. The PdO particle size of Pd/CZN−M before and after thermal aging was only about 2.0 and 4.5 nm, respectively. At GHSV50000 ml/(g⋅h), the T90 of aged Pd/CeZrNiOx for CH4, NO, and CO reached 410, 370, and 175 °C, respectively, showing better three‐way catalytic (TWC) activity than reported in existing literature. In addition, CeZeNiOx carriers derived from MOFs also enhanced the co‐activation ability of NO and CH4, and exhibited certain activity in the low‐temperature self‐decomposition reaction of NO, thus showing significant advantages in the TWC catalytic activity of NGVs. This work would provide a new method for preparing NGVs exhaust TWC catalysts with high dispersion stability.
Elevating Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Durability through Samarium Oxide/Ketjen Black Modified Separator
Authors: Zheng Liyuan , Zhu Zhijun , Kuai Yutong , Chen Guihuan , Yu Zhihong , Wang Yi , Li Aiju
Published: January 2024

Lithium‐sulfur batteries have garnered significant attention as a promising next‐generation battery technology due to their potential for high energy density. However, their practical application is hampered by slow reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide intermediates. In this context, the authors introduce a pioneering solution in the form of a novel porous carbon nanostructure modified with samarium oxide, denoted as Sm2O3/KB. The material has a highly polar surface, allowing lithium polysulfide to be chemisorbed efficiently. The unsaturated sites provided by the oxygen vacancies of Sm2O3 promote Li2S nucleation, lowering the reaction energy barrier and accelerating Li2S dissolution. The porous structure of Ketjen Black provides a highly conductive channel for electron transport and effectively traps polysulfides. Meanwhile, the batteries with Sm2O3/KB/PP spacers exhibited remarkable electrochemical performances, including a low‐capacity decay rate of only 0.046 % for 1000 cycles at 2 C and an excellent multiplicative performance of 624 mAh g−1 at 3 C. This work opens up a new avenue for the potential use of rare‐earth‐based materials in lithium‐sulfur batteries.
Polyoxometalate‐dependent Photocatalytic Activity of Radical‐doped Perylenediimide‐based Hybrid Materials
Authors: Dai Weijun , Li Xiaobo , He Chixian , Li Xiang , Kong Ci , Cheng Feixiang , Liu Jian‐Jun
Published: January 2024

Inorganic‐organic hybrid materials are a kind of multiduty materials with high crystallinity and definite structures, built from functional inorganic and organic components with highly tunable photochemical properties. Perylenediimides (PDIs) are a kind of strong visible light‐absorbing organic dyes with π‐electron‐deficient planes and photochemical properties depending on their micro‐environment, which provides a platform for designing tunable and efficient hybrid photocatalytic materials. Herein, four radical‐doped PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials, Cl4‐PDI⋅SiW12O40 (1), Cl4‐PDI⋅SiMo12O40 (2), Cl4‐PDI⋅PW12O40 (3), and Cl4‐PDI⋅PMo12O40 (4), were attained by slow diffusion of polyoxometalates (POMs) into acidified Cl4‐PDI solutions. The obtained PDI‐based crystalline hybrid materials not only exhibited prominent photochromism, but also possessed reactive organic radicals under ambient conditions. Furthermore, all hybrid materials could be easily photoreduced to their radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−), and then underwent a second photoexcitation to form energetic excited state radical anions (Cl4‐PDI⋅−*). However, experiments and theoretical calculations demonstrated that the formed energetic Cl4‐PDI⋅−* showed unusual POM‐dependent photocatalytic efficiencies toward the oxidative coupling of amines and the iodoperfluoroalkylation of alkenes; higher photocatalytic efficiencies were found for hybrid materials 1 (anion: SiW12O404−) and 2 (anion: SiMo12O404−) compared to 3 (anion: PW12O403−) and 4 (anion: PMo12O403−). The photocatalytic efficiencies of these hybrid materials are mainly controlled by the energy differences between the SOMO‐2 level of Cl4‐PDI⋅−* and the LUMO level of the POMs. The structure‐photocatalytic activity relationships established in present work provide new research directions to both the photocatalysis and hybrid material fields, and will promote the integration of these areas to explore new materials with interesting properties.
In Continuo Pd‐Catalysed Cross Coupling Reactions of Organolithium Reagents with Aryl Bromides Under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Brucoli Jacopo , Gariboldi Davide , Puglisi Alessandra , Rossi Sergio , Capriati Vito , Benaglia Maurizio
Published: January 2024

Transition metal‐catalysed C−C couplings are widely used to synthesize organic molecules. In this area, the direct use of readily available and relatively inexpensive organolithium reagents in Pd cross‐coupling reactions represents an attractive option, but its large‐scale application remains a formidable challenge. The high reactivity of organolithium reagents, along with the need (sometimes) of tailored, expensive catalysts and long reaction times, often prevent these procedures from being applied to industry. However, continuous flow technologies recently emerged as a powerful tool in discovery and process chemistry, and may offer a solution to overcome the above issues. Here, we wish to report fast, efficient, in continuo Pd‐catalysed cross coupling reactions of organolithium reagents with aryl bromides, under aerobic conditions, that do not require an inert atmosphere, with a catalyst loading that has been lowered up to 0.5 % mol. The methodology has a wide scope and has been successfully applied to the synthesis in flow of a novel class of anti‐cancer compounds.
The development process of a candidate screening test for cladding products
Authors: MacLeod Cameron , Butterworth Neal , Law Angus
Published: January 2024

The ongoing cladding crisis within the United Kingdom has elevated the need for designers and risk assessors to have the knowledge and tools to evaluate the fire safety of proposed and existing cladding systems. This paper documents efforts to develop a test that could be used to evaluate the fire safety hazards of cladding products that were either proposed for use in design or that were found on existing buildings. Specifically, the products of interest were composite products (i.e., those comprised of multiple layers). The conceptual approach of the European harmonised system was used as a basis for investigating whether a small‐scale test could be used to evaluate product fire hazards. A relevant fire scenario was identified, this was linked to candidate large‐scale reference tests, and this was linked to performance in a candidate small‐scale test. The candidate test showed remarkable agreement with the reference large‐scale test, however, many issues were also identified. It was found that, even when specifically intended to accommodate composite products, the small‐scale test was unable to always evaluate hazards. Thus the authors were left with the conclusion—regardless of the testing system, there are always products that will not fit the testing system, however hard one tries.
Characteristics and antioxidant activities of seed oil from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)
Authors: Guo Gangjun , Xu Wenting , Zhang Haiqing , Hu Xiaojing , Chen Yuqin , He Xiyong , Huang Kechang , Ma Shangxuan , Fu Jiarong
Published: January 2024

To investigate the potential functional properties and added value of okra seed oil and provide a scientific basis for further industrial development and production of okra seed oil, its fatty acid profile, total phenolic, fat‐soluble vitamin composition, mineral element composition, and antioxidant activities were examined in this study. Also, correlations between bioactive components and the antioxidant activities of okra seed oil were explored. The study results show that okra seed oil contains 12 types of fatty acids, 65.22% of which are unsaturated acids, and among these unsaturated acids, linoleic acid (43%) and oleic acid (20.16%) are two dominant acid types. Compared with walnut oil and peanut oil, okra seed oil contains relatively high total phenols, fat‐soluble vitamins, and a variety of essential mineral nutrients, with a total phenolic content (TPC) of 959.65 μg/mL, a total tocopherol content of 742.71 μg/mL, a vitamin A content of 0.0017 μg/100 mL, a vitamin D content of 1.44 μg/100 mL, and a vitamin K1 content of 52.54 ng/100 mg. Also, okra seed oil exhibits better scavenging activities on hydroxyl (IC50 = 0.50 mg/mL) and ammonium salt (ABTS) free radicals (IC50 = 6.46 mg/mL) and certain reducing power (IC50 = 17.22 mg/mL) at the same concentration. The scavenging activities of okra seed oil on hydroxyl radicals and ABTS radicals, as well as its reducing power, are significantly correlated with its contents of total phenol, total tocopherol, α‐tocopherol, and γ‐tocopherol (p < .01). These results show that okra seed oil is rich in bioactive substances, thus presenting great nutritional potential.
Petrogenesis of Sn–W mineralized granites in the Dawei and Mawchi, regions of Myanmar
Authors: Myint Aung Zaw , Cai Yue , Robb Laurence , Yonezu Kotaro
Published: January 2024

The Palaeocene granites of Dawei and the Eocene granites of Mawchi both host large‐ to medium‐scale Sn–W deposits and represent two metallogenically prominent segments of the SE Asian tin belt in Myanmar. Combined with previous geochemical data, new whole‐rock elemental and isotope analyses of tin‐mineralized granites were obtained to provide insights into sources involved in the formation of these granites. Tin granites in both regions are highly siliceous (76–80 wt%), peraluminous (A/CNK = 1.02–1.32), depleted in Sr, Ba, Zr and Ti but elevated in Li, Sn, Rb, Pb and U. The highly evolved nature of these granites is emphasized by their high Y/Ho (33–49) ratios as well as low Nb/Ta (1–11) and Zr/Hf (8–24) ratios. The chondrite‐normalized REE patterns, with M‐type tetrad effects (TE1,3 = 1.04–1.16) and strongly negative Eu anomalies (0.01–0.34), point to fractional crystallization of feldspars and other accessories during the evolution of the parental magma and are also indicative of the magmatic to hydrothermal transition that resulted in the pervasive mineralization of these bodies. The Pb isotopic compositions are variably enriched, with age‐corrected 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb values ranging from 18.620 to 18.898, 15.728 to 15.770, and 38.288 to 39.402, respectively, all of which point to derivation from evolved crustal material. This is consistent with their low ɛNd(t) and ɛHf(t) values of −10.11 to −11.29, and −5.86 to −8.93, respectively. Collectively, these data suggest that crustal melting, fractional crystallization and late‐stage magma–fluid interactions all played important roles in the generation of the tin‐mineralized granites of Myanmar.
Sand rice, a promising future crop for desert and marginal lands in northern China
Authors: Zhao Pengshan , Ran Ruilan , Sun Hong , Liu Yujie , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Changbao , Zhao Xin , Chen Guoxiong
Published: January 2024

The pioneer Amaranthaceae species sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is an annual psammophyte that is widely distributed in the deserts and sand fields of northern China. The well‐balanced nutritional values, long consumption history, and extreme stress tolerance of sand rice have fascinated scientists, prompting its development as a climate‐resilient crop. Sand rice has been successfully introduced and cultivated on sandy and loess lands over the past decade, while large‐scale artificial planting has been carried out in the Ulan Buh and Tengger deserts. However, the yield is far below the maximum potential, as estimated by the highest yield per plant ever found in the Tengger desert during our survey of wild populations. The current domestication of sand rice relies mainly on natural selection and mutagenesis breeding. A few elite lines with modified agronomic traits, such as compact architecture, high productivity, reduced trichomes, and short plant stature, have been developed from natural populations and a chemical mutagenesis library. Breeding new cultivars and broader cultivation of sand rice in deserts and marginal lands will stimulate economic growth and diversify the food supply, especially for the area west of the Hu Huanyong Line, thus contributing to environmental sustainability in northern China.
Novel intertypic recombination of Echovirus 11 in the Enterovirus species B
Authors: Gong Yu‐Nong , Yang Shu‐Li , Chen Yi‐Ching , Liu Yi‐Chun , Huang Yhu‐Chering , Tsao Kuo‐Chien
Published: January 2024

Enteroviruses (EVs), single‐stranded, positive‐sense RNA viruses, can be classified into four species (A−D), which have previously been linked to a diverse range of disease manifestations and infections affecting the central nervous system. In the Enterovirus species B (EV‐B), Echovirus type 11 (E11) has been observed to occasionally circulate in Taiwan, which was responsible for an epidemic of enterovirus infections in 2018. Here, 48 clinical specimens isolated in 2003, 2004, 2009, and 2018 were collected for the high‐throughput sequencing. Notably, we identified 2018 Taiwanese strains having potential recombinations in the 3D gene, as well as one 2003 strain having a double recombination with E6 and Coxsackievirus B5 in the P2 and P3 regions, respectively. Additionally, one amino acid signature mutated from the Histidine (H) in throat swab specimens to the Tyrosine (Y) in cerebral spinal fluid specimens was detected at position 1496 (or 57) of the genomic coordinate (or 3A gene) to further demonstrate intra‐host evolution in different organs. In conclusion, this study identifies potential intertypic recombination events and an intra‐host signature mutation in E11 strains, isolated during a 2018 neurological disease outbreak in Taiwan, contributing to our understanding of its evolution and pathogenesis.
Kadec–Klee property with respect to the local convergence in measure of Orlicz–Lorentz spaces
Authors: Foralewski Paweł , Kończak Joanna
Published: January 2024

In this paper, we find criteria for the Kadec–Klee property with respect to the local convergence in measure in both Orlicz–Lorentz spaces as well as their subspaces of order continuous elements. In the case of Orlicz norm, the presented results are new, whereas in the case of Luxemburg norm, we rely heavily on known results, which we show for the first time as a whole. Finally, we apply the obtained results to Orlicz spaces.
Berufsvorbereitung im Chemieunterricht
Authors: Rautenstrauch Hanne
Published: January 2024

In Bezug auf den Fachkräftemangel kommt Schüler:innen als künftigen Arbeitskräften eine bedeutende Rolle zu. Inwiefern fühlen sie sich durch ihren Unterricht darauf vorbereitet, einen chemiebezogenen Beruf zu ergreifen? Wie stark interessieren sich Schüler:innen am Ende der Sekundarstufe I für chemiebezogene Berufe? Eine Umfrage in Schleswig‐Holstein gibt einen Einblick.
Zucker elektrochemisch oxidieren
Authors: Beil Sebastian
Published: January 2024

Früher war organische Elektrochemie selten selektiv und mit technischen Hürden verbunden, heute ist sie oft die einfachste Option, um Zucker zu oxidieren. Dabei ist sie wählerisch – denn eine der drei sekundären Hydroxygruppen von Glucosiden ist anders als die anderen.
Wenn beide beides wollen
Authors: Brenner Doris
Published: January 2024

Die Vereinbarkeit von Karriere und Partnerschaft ist eines der vorrangigen Bedürfnisse von Dual‐ Career‐Paaren. Um sie zu fördern, muss zunächst das Paar klären, was es will; und auch die Unternehmen können helfen.
Vielfältige Gifte
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: January 2024

Rund 100 000 Menschen sterben jedes Jahr an Schlangenbissen. Wie die Toxine wirken und wie sie sich entwickelt haben, ist bisher nicht ganz klar. Beides zu verstehen könnte Leben retten.
Nachruf: Hans‐Herbert Schmidtke
Authors: Atanasov Mihail , Neese Frank
Published: January 2024

Hans‐Herbert Schmidtke was a prolific theoretical chemist. His scientific work and life still influences great achievements on ab initio methods.
Standards für Plastikabbau
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: January 2024

Viele Enzyme bauen im Labor Polyethylenterephthalat ab. Damit das im großen Maßstab funktioniert, sind die Experimente zu verbessern.
Studie: Nachhaltigkeitsberichte
Authors: Bulmahn Maren
Published: January 2024

Einer Studie zufolge sind kleine und mittlere Unternehmen mit Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung überfordert.
Predischarge death or lung transplantation in tracheostomy and ventilator dependent grade 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Maynard Roy , Armstrong Madeline , O'Grady Katrin , Moore Brooke , Kurachek Stephen , Mallory George B. , Wheeler William
Published: January 2024

Background

Premature infants surviving beyond a postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks with severe or grade 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) have significant predischarge mortality. The in‐hospital mortality for BPD supported by invasive mechanical ventilation beyond 36 weeks PMA is not well described. The role of lung transplantation in treating severe BPD is uncertain. We studied our experience over 20 years to better define the predischarge mortality of infants with progressive grade 3 BPD and whether lung transplant is a feasible intervention.

Methods

Data were obtained from a retrospective review of medical records from Children's Minnesota over a 20‐year period (1997–2016). Inclusion criteria included prematurity <32 weeks PMA, BPD, tracheostomy for chronic respiratory failure, and survival beyond 36 weeks PMA. Collected data included perinatal demographics, in‐hospital medications and interventions, level of respiratory support, and outcomes.

Results

In all, 2374 infants were identified who survived beyond 36 weeks PMA with a diagnosis of <32 weeks gestation prematurity and BPD. Of these, 143/2374 (6.0%) survived beyond 36 weeks PMA and required invasive mechanical ventilation with subsequent tracheostomy for management. Among these patients, discharge to home with tracheostomy occurred in 127/143 (88.8%), and predischarge death or lung transplantation occurred in 16/143 (11.2%). Deteriorating cardiopulmonary status was associated with pulmonary hypertension, prolonged hypoxemic episodes and the need for deep sedation or neuromuscular relaxation. Three of four patients referred for lung transplantation had >5‐year survival, chronic allograft rejection, and mild to moderate developmental delays.

Conclusions

Chronic respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation for grade 3 BPD is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. For selected patients and their families, timely referral for lung transplantation is a viable option for end‐stage grade 3 BPD. As in other infants receiving solid organ transplants, long‐term issues with co‐morbidities and special needs persist into childhood.
Clofazimine pharmacokinetics in HIV‐infected adults with diarrhea: Implications of diarrheal disease on absorption of orally administered therapeutics
Authors: Zhang Cindy X. , Conrad Thomas M. , Hermann David , Gordon Melita A. , Houpt Eric , Iroh Tam Pui‐Ying , Jere Khuzwayo C. , Nedi Wilfred , Operario Darwin J. , Phulusa Jacob , Quinnan Gerald V. , Sawyer Leigh A. , Barrett Lynn K. , Thole Herbert , Toto Neema , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Arnold Samuel L. M.
Published: January 2024

Oral drug absorption kinetics are usually established in populations with a properly functioning gastrointestinal tract. However, many diseases and therapeutics can alter gastrointestinal physiology and cause diarrhea. The extent of diarrhea‐associated impact on drug pharmacokinetics has not been quantitatively described. To address this knowledge gap, we used a population pharmacokinetic modeling approach with data collected in a phase IIa study of matched human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected adults with/without cryptosporidiosis and diarrhea to examine diarrhea‐associated impact on oral clofazimine pharmacokinetics. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed with 428 plasma samples from 23 HIV‐infected adults with/without Cryptosporidium infection using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. Covariates describing cryptosporidiosis‐associated diarrhea severity (e.g., number of diarrhea episodes, diarrhea grade) or HIV infection (e.g., viral load, CD4+ T cell count) were evaluated. A two‐compartment model with lag time and first‐order absorption and elimination best fit the data. Maximum diarrhea grade over the study duration was found to be associated with a more than sixfold reduction in clofazimine bioavailability. Apparent clofazimine clearance, intercompartmental clearance, central volume of distribution, and peripheral volume of distribution were 3.71 L/h, 18.2 L/h (interindividual variability [IIV] 45.0%), 473 L (IIV 3.46%), and 3434 L, respectively. The absorption rate constant was 0.625 h−1 (IIV 149%) and absorption lag time was 1.83 h. In conclusion, the maximum diarrhea grade observed for the duration of oral clofazimine administration was associated with a significant reduction in clofazimine bioavailability. Our results highlight the importance of studying disease impacts on oral therapeutic pharmacokinetics to inform dose optimization and maximize the chance of treatment success.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Mapping Quantum Circuits to 2D Nearest‐Neighbor Architectures
Authors: Li Yangzhi , Liu Wen , Li Maoduo
Published: January 2024

Recently, quantum computing is considered as a promising future computing paradigm. However, when implementing quantum circuits on a quantum device, it is necessary to ensure that quantum circuits satisfy nearest‐neighbor architecture constraints. When performing nearest‐neighbor architecture mapping for quantum circuits, it is inevitable to introduce SWAP gates, which will increase the overhead and reduce the fidelity. Therefore, it is crucial to complete the mapping with the minimum SWAP. In this paper, a 2D nearest‐neighbor architecture mapping method for quantum circuits is proposed based on deep reinforcement learning. In the initial mapping, an isomorphic graph initial mapping search algorithm is designed to quickly find the isomorphic graph between quantum circuit and architecture constraint graph. For quantum circuits without isomorphic graph mapping, the reordering algorithm of qubit impact factors is designed to obtain the initial placement position of qubits. In the SWAP gate addition, a qubit local reordering algorithm based on dueling deep‐Q‐network is designed to reduce SWAP gates. Experiments on the benchmark set B131 and IBM Q20 Tokyo verify that the proposed method can add fewer SWAP gates. Compared with the state‐of‐the‐art method, the average running time is accelerated by 63.1%, and the average SWAP gates added are reduced by 24.7%.
To rebuild or not to rebuild in coastal flood zones: The effects of framing and partisan cues on public support
Authors: Palm Risa , Bolsen Toby , Kingsland Justin T.
Published: January 2024

Coastal storms are likely to increase in frequency and become even more damaging. An unresolved policy issue is whether current residents should receive federal subsidies through such programs as the Federal Flood Insurance Program or the FEMA disaster relief program that encourage thembe encouraged to rebuild in the same locations that have suffered damage through federal subsidies such as subsidized flood insurance or the FEMA disaster relief fund. This research investigated the impact that messages framed to either support or oppose such government assistance for rebuilding had on respondent opinion. We looked at opinion on not only the rebuilding itself but also other related subjects such as the economic and environmental impacts of rebuilding in situ. The research further looked at the ways in which attributing these messages to partisan sources affected response. We found that message frames either highlighting the benefits or the costs of rebuilding had a marked impact on public opinion and that partisan source cues played a smaller role. This issue of responsibility for rebuilding is likely to continue to become even more important as climate change puts even more coastal residents at risk.
ℋ∞ secure consensus of hidden Markov jump multi‐agent systems subject to DoS attacks and disturbance
Authors: Ding Pengcheng , Shen Hao , Xia Jianwei , Li Feng
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the secure consensus issue for Markov jump multi‐agent systems with denial‐of‐service attacks and disturbance. Considering that the mode of the system cannot be directly obtained in the actual situation, a detector is constructed to obtain the mode of the system indirectly with the help of the hidden Markov model. The network communications between agents are undirected, and denial‐of‐service attacks are encountered randomly and represented by a random variate obeying Bernoulli distribution. The reduced‐order decomposed system is obtained by the method of model reduction. On this basis, the Lyapunov stability theory is applied to derive some sufficient conditions to guarantee that the system achieves consensus with a stipulated performance index. Finally, a numerical example is employed to verify the validity of the proposed protocol.
Leveraging digital twin for autonomous docking of a container truck with stabilization control
Authors: Widyotriatmo Augie , Kuncara Ivan Adi , Amri Husnul , Hasan Agus , Nazaruddin Yul Yunazwin
Published: January 2024

This paper describes the design, development, and implementation of a high‐precision autonomous docking control system for a container truck based on a digital twin approach. The digital twin is used to simulate the dynamic behavior of the physical truck and to design the controller by providing a virtual platform to test, validate, and optimize control strategies and algorithms before their deployment in the actual system. To this end, a cascade of a nonlinear observer and an unscented Kalman filter is used to estimate the state variables of the physical truck for point‐stabilization and orientation controls during the autonomous docking process. The docking motion involves two stabilization problems: point stabilization for smooth motion from the initial configuration to the docking slot, and orientation control to deliver the container truck to the final docking position with a margin of error of 5 cm for position and 0.0087 rad for orientation. The stability of both controllers is investigated, and simulations and experiments are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method in a container terminal environment.
Construction of Mineralization Nanostructures in Polymers for Mechanical Enhancement and Functionalization
Authors: Lv Yuesong , Wang Yuyan , Zhang Xinxing
Published: January 2024

Mineralization capable of growing inorganic nanostructures efficiently, orderly, and spontaneously shows great potential for application in the construction of high‐performance organic–inorganic composites. As a thermodynamically spontaneous solid‐phase crystallization reaction involving dual organic and inorganic components, mineralization allows for the self‐assembly of sophisticated and exclusive nanostructures within a polymer matrix. It results in a diversity of functions such as enhanced strength, toughness, electrical conductivity, selective permeability, and biocompatibility. While there are previous reviews discussing the progress of mineralization reactions, many of them overlook the significant benefits of interfacial regulation and functionalization that come from the incorporation of mineralized structures into polymers. Focusing on different means of assembly of mineralized nanostructures in polymer, the work analyzes their design principles and implementation strategies. Then, their different advantages and disadvantages are analyzed by combining nanostructures with organic substrates as well as involving the basis of different functionalizations. It is anticipated to provide insights and guidance for the future development of mineralized polymer composites and their application designs.
Polymer ionogels and their application in flexible ionic devices
Authors: Wen Jinqiao , Zhou Lei , Ye Tengling
Published: January 2024

Polymer ionogel (PIG) is a new type of flexible, stretchable, and ion‐conductive material, which generally consists of two components (polymer matrix materials and ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents). More and more attention has been received owing to its excellent properties, such as nonvolatility, good ionic conductivity, excellent thermal stability, high electrochemical stability, and transparency. In this review, the latest research and developments of PIGs are comprehensively reviewed according to different polymer matrices. Particularly, the development of novel structural designs, preparation methods, basic properties, and their advantages are respectively summarized. Furthermore, the typical applications of PIGs in flexible ionic skin, flexible electrochromic devices, flexible actuators, and flexible power supplies are reviewed. The novel working mechanism, device structure design strategies, and the unique functions of the PIG‐based flexible ionic devices are briefly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of PIGs and their application are discussed.
Polyelectrolyte complex‐based thermochromic hydrogels containing carbonized polymer dots for smart windows with fast response, excellent solar modulation ability, and high durability
Authors: Wang Yuting , Fang Xu , Li Siheng , An Ni , Pan Hongyu , Sun Junqi
Published: January 2024

Thermochromic smart windows have gained increasing popularity in light modulation and energy management in buildings. However, the fabrication of flexible thermochromic smart windows with high luminous transmittance (Tlum), tailorable critical temperature (τc), strong solar modulation ability (ΔTsol), and long‐term durability remains a huge challenge. In this study, hydrogel‐based thermochromic smart windows are fabricated by sandwiching thermochromic hydrogels of polyallylamine hydrochloride, polyacrylic acid, and carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) complexes between two pieces of transparent substrates. Benefiting from the incorporation of nanosized CPDs, the thermochromic hydrogel has an ultrahigh Tlum of ~98.7%, a desirable τc of ~24.2 °C, a ΔTsol of ~89.3% and a rapid transition time of ~3 s from opaque state to transparent state. Moreover, the thermochromic hydrogel exhibits excellent anti‐freezing ability, tight adhesion toward various substrates, and excellent self‐healing capability. The self‐healing capability enables the fabrication of large‐area smart windows by welding multiple hydrogel pieces. The smart windows retain their original thermochromic properties after being stored under ambient conditions for at least 147 days or undergoing 10,000 uninterrupted heating/cooling cycles. The model houses with smart windows can achieve a temperature reduction of 9.2 °C, demonstrating the excellent indoor temperature modulation performance of the smart windows.
Improved Modulated Model Predictive Control Technique for PMSM Drives Using the Vector Projection
Authors: Huang Zhen , Wei Qiang , Zhu Rui , Xia Yonghong
Published: January 2024

Compared to the model predictive control (MPC) technique, the modulated MPC (M2PC) method applies multiple voltage vectors in order within one switching cycle, enabling a fixed switching frequency and better motor control performance. However, the M2PC technique suffers from a significant computational burden and imprecise allocation method of the vector action time, affecting the control performance. To address these two issues, this paper proposes an improved M2PC method that utilizes the information of projection of the reference vector on the selected voltage vectors for efficiently selecting the optimal active vectors and also accurately calculating their action time. Compared to the conventional M2PC, the proposed technique demonstrates both excellent dynamic performance with reduced execution time by 15.3% and superior steady‐state performance in terms of lower torque/speed ripple as well as fewer current harmonics. Those benefits have been proven by the results of a 2.5k rpm permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
A transcriptomics‐based investigation of the mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by nickel oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Han , Yang Mengmeng , Li Kun , Gao Qing , Zheng Jinfa , Gong Xuefeng , Wang Hui , Sun Yingbiao , Chang Xuhong
Published: January 2024

Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) are an emerging nanomaterial, which poses a huge threat to the health of workplace population. Nanoparticles induce pulmonary fibrosis, and its mechanisms are associated with noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). However, ncRNAs and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks which involved in NiONP‐induced pulmonary fibrosis are still unclear. This study aimed to identify ncRNA‐related ceRNA networks and investigate the role of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in pulmonary fibrosis. Male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with 0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg NiONPs twice a week for 9 weeks. First, we found there were 93 circularRNAs (circRNAs), 74 microRNAs (miRNAs), 124 long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 1675 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) differentially expressed through microarray analysis. Second, we constructed ceRNA networks among lncRNAs/circRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs and identified two ceRNA networks (lncMelttl16/miR‐382‐5p/Hsd17b7 and circIqch/miR‐181d‐5p/Stat1) after real time‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) validation. Furthermore, based on Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses, ncRNAs were found to be involved in biological processes and signaling pathways related to pulmonary fibrosis. KEGG analysis showed that NiONPs activated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in rats. In vitro, HFL1 cells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL NiONPs for 24 h. We found that NiONPs induced collagen deposition and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation. Moreover, a blockade of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway alleviated NiONP‐induced collagen deposition. In conclusion, these observations suggested that ncRNAs were crucial in pulmonary fibrosis development and that the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway mediated the deposition of collagen.
Immuntherapie gegen Gliome
Authors: Sahm Katharina , Weiss Tobias
Published: January 2024

Hintergrund

Gliome sind die häufigsten bösartigen primären Hirntumoren bei Erwachsenen. Trotz multimodaler Therapiekonzepte aus Chirurgie, Bestrahlung und Chemotherapie bleibt ihre Prognose schlecht und sie sind nicht heilbar. Neue Erkenntnisse über die Interaktionen zwischen Immunsystem und zentralem Nervensystem sowie bahnbrechende Ergebnisse bei anderen Krebserkrankungen haben dazu geführt, dass verschiedene immuntherapeutische Ansätze auch gegen Gliome untersucht und teilweise spezifisch entwickelt werden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Dieser Artikel bietet einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand verschiedener immuntherapeutischer Konzepte gegen Gliome, einschließlich Vor- und Nachteilen sowie Herausforderungen. Zudem gibt er eine Übersicht über aktuell laufende Immuntherapiestudien in Deutschland und den Nachbarländern.

Ergebnisse

Bisherige randomisierte Studien zu anti-PD1-Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibition, Virustherapie sowie zur Peptidvakzinierung gegen die Variante III des epidermalen Wachstumsfaktors (EGFRvIII) beim Glioblastom waren negativ bez. eines Überlebensvorteils. Andere immuntherapeutische Ansätze wie multiepitop- oder treibermutationsbasierte Vakzinierungen, zytokinbasierte Therapien und Zelltherapien haben eine gute wissenschaftliche Grundlage und zumindest frühe Studien zur Sicherheit und pharmakodynamischen Wirkung am Tumor sind vielversprechend.

Diskussion

Immuntherapien gegen Gliome sollten derzeit nur im Rahmen von Studien angewendet werden. Es bestehen noch viele Wissenslücken hinsichtlich der Wirk- und Resistenzmechanismen verschiedener Immuntherapien. Begleitende translationale Forschung ist entscheidend, um diese Lücken zu schließen und effektivere Therapien zu entwickeln.
Pinacidil ameliorates cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion injury by inhibiting chaperone-mediated autophagy of calreticulin
Authors: Liu Muyin , Li Su , Yin Ming , Li Youran , Chen Jinxiang , Chen Yuqiong , Zhou You , Li Qiyu , Xu Fei , Dai Chunfeng , Xia Yan , Chen Ao , Lu Danbo , Chen Zhangwei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo
Published: January 2024

Calcium overload is the key trigger in cardiac microvascular ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury, and calreticulin (CRT) is a calcium buffering protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Additionally, the role of pinacidil, an antihypertensive drug, in protecting cardiac microcirculation against I/R injury has not been investigated. Hence, this study aimed to explore the benefits of pinacidil on cardiac microvascular I/R injury with a focus on endothelial calcium homeostasis and CRT signaling. Cardiac vascular perfusion and no-reflow area were assessed using FITC–lectin perfusion assay and Thioflavin-S staining. Endothelial calcium homeostasis, CRT–IP3Rs–MCU signaling expression, and apoptosis were assessed by real-time calcium signal reporter GCaMP8, western blotting, and fluorescence staining. Drug affinity-responsive target stability (DARTS) assay was adopted to detect proteins that directly bind to pinacidil. The present study found pinacidil treatment improved capillary density and perfusion, reduced no-reflow and infraction areas, and improved cardiac function and hemodynamics after I/R injury. These benefits were attributed to the ability of pinacidil to alleviate calcium overload and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs). Moreover, the DARTS assay showed that pinacidil directly binds to HSP90, through which it inhibits chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) degradation of CRT. CRT overexpression inhibited IP3Rs and MCU expression, reduced mitochondrial calcium inflow and mitochondrial injury, and suppressed endothelial apoptosis. Importantly, endothelial-specific overexpression of CRT shared similar benefits with pinacidil on cardiovascular protection against I/R injury. In conclusion, our data indicate that pinacidil attenuated microvascular I/R injury potentially through improving CRT degradation and endothelial calcium overload.
Uncertainty Quantification in Geostatistical Modelling of Saltwater Intrusion at a Coastal Aquifer System
Authors: Lino Pereira João , Varouchakis Emmanouil A. , Karatzas George P. , Azevedo Leonardo
Published: January 2024

Groundwater resources in Mediterranean coastal aquifers are under several threats including saltwater intrusion. This situation is exacerbated by the absence of sustainable management plans for groundwater resources. Management and monitoring of groundwater systems require an integrated approach and the joint interpretation of any available information. This work investigates how uncertainty can be integrated within the geo-modelling workflow when creating numerical three-dimensional aquifer models with electrical resistivity borehole logs, geostatistical simulation and Bayesian model averaging. Multiple geological scenarios of electrical resistivity are created with geostatistical simulation by removing one borehole at a time from the set of available boreholes. To account for the spatial uncertainty simultaneously reflected by the multiple geostatistical scenarios, Bayesian model averaging is used to combine the probability distribution functions of each scenario into a global one, thus providing more credible uncertainty intervals. The proposed methodology is applied to a water-stressed groundwater system located in Crete that is threatened by saltwater intrusion. The results obtained agree with the general knowledge of this complex environment and enable sustainable groundwater management policies to be devised considering optimistic and pessimistic scenarios.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Optical, photo-physical and photo-stability characterizations of malachite green as a laser dye, combined with TD-DFT simulations
Authors: Ghazy Ahmed R. , Abotalb Diana. F. , Kenawy El-Refaie , Ghazy R. , Abdel Gawad Sayed A.
Published: January 2024

The optical properties of Malachite green (Mg) dye were examined experimentally, including absorption, optical energy gab, refractive index, dielectric constant, optical conductivity and emission spectra in various solvents. Additionally, several significant photophysical parameters were evaluated, including the extinction coefficient (ε), the energy yield of fluorescence (Ef), the length of attenuation Λ (λ), oscillator strength (f), quantum yield (Øf), fluorescence lifetime ($${\uptau }_{{\text{f}}}$$

τ
f

), decay rate radiative constant (kr), and the dipole moment (μ) in addition to absorption and emission cross-sections (σa) and (σe) respectively. Time Dependent Density function theory (TD-DFT) computations were used to generate the theoretical absorption spectra of the (Mg) compound. The energy gap (Eg), electron density, and electrostatic potential were also simulated.
Physische Attraktivität und Lebenszufriedenheit
Authors: Rosar Ulrich , Althans Roman , Krause Johannes
Published: January 2024

Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, den Einfluss der physischen Attraktivität auf unterschiedliche Aspekte der Lebenszufriedenheit empirisch zu überprüfen. Dies wird auf Basis theoretischer Überlegungen mit den Daten aus dem Kölner Gymnasiasten-Panel geprüft, das die private sowie die berufliche Situation der Befragten im modalen Alter von 30, 43, 56 und 66 Jahren abbildet. Für einen Teil der Befragten wurde im Nachhinein die physische Attraktivität im Alter von 16 Jahren ermittelt. Unter Kontrolle des Berufsprestiges, des Erwerbsstatus, der Wochenarbeitszeit und dem Vorliegen von Arbeitslosigkeit wird ein signifikanter Attraktivitätseffekt auf die berufliche Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 Jahren nachgewiesen. In Bezug auf die private Lebenszufriedenheit findet sich kein substanzieller Attraktivitätseffekt. Nichtsdestotrotz besitzt die physische Attraktivität im Alter von 16 Jahren einen signifikanten Effekt auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 und 43 Jahren unter Kontrolle der privaten und beruflichen Lebenszufriedenheit. Der Effekt im Alter von 43 Jahren bleibt auch dann bestehen, wenn für die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit im Alter von 30 Jahren kontrolliert wird. Mit dieser Untersuchung wird also ein langfristiger Effekt der äußeren Erscheinung auf verschiedene Aspekte der Lebenszufriedenheit nachgewiesen. Insbesondere der Einfluss auf die allgemeine Lebenszufriedenheit sei herausgestellt. Hier besitzt die physische Attraktivität einen fast drei Dekaden währenden, die Zufriedenheit steigernden Nachhall.
Trisomy 12 compromises the mesendodermal differentiation propensity of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yanagihara Kana , Hayashi Yohei , Liu Yujung , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Hemmi Yasuko , Kokunugi Minako , Yamada Kozue Uchio , Fukumoto Ken , Suga Mika , Terada Satoshi , Nikawa Hiroki , Kawabata Kenji , Furue Miho
Published: January 2024

Trisomy 12 is one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities in cultured human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Although potential oncogenic properties and augmented cell cycle caused by trisomy 12 have been reported, the consequences of trisomy 12 in terms of cell differentiation, which is the basis for regenerative medicine, drug development, and developmental biology studies, have not yet been investigated. Here, we report that trisomy 12 compromises the mesendodermal differentiation of hPSCs. We identified sublines of hPSCs carrying trisomy 12 after their prolonged culture. Transcriptome analysis revealed that these hPSC sublines carried abnormal gene expression patterns in specific signaling pathways in addition to cancer-related cell cycle pathways. These hPSC sublines showed a lower propensity for mesendodermal differentiation in embryoid bodies cultured in a serum-free medium. BMP4-induced exit from the self-renewal state was impaired in the trisomy 12 hPSC sublines, with less upregulation of key transcription factor gene expression. As a consequence, the differentiation efficiency of hematopoietic and hepatic lineages was also impaired in the trisomy 12 hPSC sublines. We reveal that trisomy 12 disrupts the genome-wide expression patterns that are required for proper mesendodermal differentiation.