bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ossifying Lipoma: A Rare And Intriguing Case Report
Authors: Sen Subhalakshmi , Chattopadhyay Jayanta , Sen Suchandra
Published: January 2025

Ossifying lipoma is a rare benign tumour composed of mature adipocytes and bony tissue. It can occur in
various locations, but it is extremely uncommon in the oral cavity. The clinical presentation is usually
asymptomatic or with mild pain. The radiological features vary depending on the degree of ossification and
necrosis within the lesion. Histological examination is essential for the definitive diagnosis, as ossifying lipoma
can mimic other benign or malignant bone tumours. Surgical excision is the most preferred treatment option,
and it offers excellent prognosis.
The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, but two main theories have been proposed: multidirectional
differentiation of mesenchymal cells or metaplastic transformation of adipocytes.
Here, we illustrate a rare case of ossifying lipoma of a 52-year-old male patient, who presented with a soft tissue growth. This case showcases the importance of considering ossifying lipoma in the differential diagnosis of oral soft tissue lesions, especially in unusual locations.
Evaluation Of 2D Versus 4D Ultrasonography On Midline Structures Of The Fetal Brain In The Second
Authors: .Gumilar Sardjana Gulam
Published: January 2025

Background: Midline brain structures are critical for normal morphogenesis and function of the fetal brain.
However, it is a diagnosis of congenital anomaly of midline brain structures.
Job Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of 2D versus 4D ultrasound in the diagnosis of midline
structures of the fetal brain in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Patients and methods: 200 pregnant women in the second trimester [18–22 weeks] were selected. They are
evaluated clinically to check the well-being of the woman and fetus. Then an examination of the midline stricture
of the fetal brain is carried out using two- and four-dimensional ultrasound, which aims to find any abnormalities
in the midline structure of the fetal brain. Both scans were compared with postnatal transcranial ultrasound.
Results: 2D ultrasound did not detect abnormalities in 194 of 200 fetuses [97.0%], and 4 cases [2.0%] had megacisterna magna, and 2 cases [1.0%] had encephalomylocele, which was detected by 4D and confirmed by
postnatal transcranial ultrasound. 4D ultrasound found 2 cases [1.0%] of Dandywalker malformation, which
were confirmed by postnatal transcranial ultrasound. There was complete agreement between prenatal 4D
ultrasound and postnatal transcranial ultrasound. Prenatal 2D ultrasound had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity
of 100.0%, PPV of 100.0%, NPV of 98.7% and overall accuracy of 99.0%. Otherwise, prenatal 4D ultrasound is
100.0% sensitive and specific.
Conclusion: 4D ultrasound shows superiority in the diagnosis and confirmation of fetal brain midline structural abnormalities. Additionally, prenatal 4D ultrasound was 100.0% sensitive compared to postnatal transcranial ultrasound.
Role Of Atosiban In Interval Delivery In Dichorionic Twin Pregnancy – A Study Report
Authors: Manki Dr. Geeta Sinha , Lata Dr Kanak
Published: January 2025

Backgrpound- The incidence of preterm delivery has increased due to increased incidence of assisted
reproductive technology. Preterm delivery is the most common complication and is associated with high perinatal
mortality. When preterm labour occurs, delivery of first fetus is inevitable. However, successfully delaying the
delivery of the second fetus can be life-saving. Our study is on the role atosiban in DID i.e , delayed interval
delivery in dichorionic diamniotic twin pregnancy. The study compromise of study on 62 cases, most of them
presenting in emergency department of Geeta IVF centre with delivery of first preterm a twin, all cases were
successfully managed with the use of atosiban prolonging the delivery in most of cases by 2 or 3weeks which was
life saving for the second twin.
Materials and methods: In this prospective study, 62 cases of dichorionic twin pregnancy were studied, all
preterm with delivery of first twin immediately in emergency room, we administered atosiban in all cases along
with other supportive therapy, most of the cases of pregnancy were prolonged by few weeks which increased the
neonatal outcomes for second twin.
Results:Atosiban successfully prolonged the second delivery of twin in most of the cases .Helps prolong the
gestation , improving outcomes for the second twin when used appropriately. All babies had good outcomes and
after median follow up of 12months, all showed normal development.
Coclusion: Comparing to other tocolytic agents, Atosiban has fewer side effects and assisted in prolonging a pregnancy involving twins that experienced Preterm delivery of first twin. Atosiban is a promising agent for managing interval delivery in twin pregnancies.
To Study Oral Diseases In Gursahaiganj Of District Kannauj Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Dubey Dr. Sumit , Kaur Dr. Mandeep
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Oral diseases are prevalent in general population worldwide. Most of them can be attributed to
local factors, a majority of oral diseases occur due to a combination of both local and systemic factors.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of oral diseases and habits in Gursahaiganj of district
Kannauj.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in Gursahaiganj village of district Kannauj under the banner
of Healthy Affordable Solutions Nationally for Aam Aadmi (HASNAA) from January 2024 to June 2024 in
which population from two villages was included. Total numbers of people examined were 628 in which 434
were males and 194 were females respectively. Age range was between 10 -70 years. Dentition was also studied
for decayed, filled and missing teeth. Habits were also included in the given study.
Result: The overall prevalence of dental caries was 98%. Periodontitis was seen in 92% of the population. The
most prevalent habit was gutka chewing. Conclusion: Oral diseases may impede the oral health dependent quality of life. There was a dire need of awareness regarding the importance of good tooth brushing habits and regular dental visits.
Role Of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) And Intra-Articular Corticosetriod (IACS) In Patients With TMJ Osteoarthritis: A Review Of Literature.
Authors: Singh Dr.Cheena , Singh Dr. Tejveer
Published: January 2025

Background: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a compound joint also called as synovial joint, including
temporal bone, movable mandible, numerous musculatures, articular disc and ligaments. There are various low
grade inflammatory joint diseases which include osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and high grade joint inflammatory
diseases which include arthritis (RA- Rhematoid Arthritis). Diagnosing any of abovementioned is mandatory so
that a proper treatment can be given to patients and thus the good prognosis. There are various method of
diagnosing TMJ osteoarthritis but the best is Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The treatment of
TMDs is controversial, which has been divided into three categories- non surgical, minimal invasive and surgical. Thus in the present review, the role of PRP and Intra-articular steroids as a novel therapeutic agent has been discussed.
"Unraveling Psychogenic Vomiting With Hemoptysis In An Adolescent: A Case Report"
Authors: Bansal Dr. Divyanshu , Sharma Dr. Shikha , Tak Dr. N.K.
Published: January 2025

This case report details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of psychogenic vomiting in a 13-year-old
female, emphasizing the interplay of psychological factors and family dynamics. The patient presented to the
Department of Respiratory Medicine with complaints of recurrent episodes of vomiting, which had a reddish color
and were initially diagnosed as hemoptysis. However, after a thorough investigation, all organic and systemic
causes were ruled out, and the patient’s symptoms were attributed to anxiety and emotional stressors.
Management included pharmacotherapy with Escitalopram and Clonazepam, as well as psychological
interventions such as supportive psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The patient showed significant improvement in symptoms and quality of life, highlighting the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in treating psychogenic vomiting.
Institutional Experience Of Intracranial Aneurysms And Its Surgical Outcome Analysis
Authors: Rao Dr B. Hayagriva , Ray Dr. M Premjit , Ravi Dr D , V Dr Yeshwanth. , Somesh Dr Kn
Published: January 2025

Background: Cerebral aneurysms could rupture causing stroke, or compress the nearby brain surface, the
cranial nerves and blood vessels. Intracranial aneurysms, primarily of the saccular or berry type, significantly
contribute to non traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhages and demonstrate a rising incidence due to advances in
imaging techniques. The CNS vascularization is an ascending process that accompanies the anatomical and
functional maturations of its various territories. It starts at the myelencephalon and ascends sequentially
through the metencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon, and finally the telencephalon. In our institute we go
for micro vascular clipping of the aneurysm, and we present the various factors and our experience with these
aneurysm surgeries.
Materials and Methods: in this Retrospective study, we have a total of 58 patients of intracranial aneurysms
that were admitted and treated surgically by clipping of aneurysm under department of neurosurgery, King
George Hospital. All patients were evaluated thoroughly by serial neurological examination and monitoring of
vitals. Here we give the results of the 58 cases that have been operated and there clinical outcome.
Results: A total of 58 cases were operated, and we had 18 male and 40 females, while age wise most cases were
present in the 6th decade of life. Headache with vomiting were the most common presenting symptoms, while
most patients were in grade 2 hunt and hess , while in wfns they were predominantly in grade 1. Modified
fishers had most in grade 1 and 3. Most common location was A Com A aneurysm followed by MCA.
Conclusion: there was a female preponderance of 2.3 to 1, while A Com A aneurysm was the most common, early treatment and prevention of intra operative rupture of aneurysm had good outcome compared to cases that had intra operative rupture
"From Gums To Arteries: The Role Of Periodontitis In Cardiovascular Disease"
Authors: . .
Published: January 2025

"The study aims to assess literature examining the connection between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as
myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension (HTN), coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), infective endocarditis (IE),
heart failure (HF), arterial fibrillation (AF), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and periodontitis. Periodontitis
ranks as the sixth most prevalent human disease, and there appears to be a significant overlap in risk factors
between these conditions, suggesting potential implications for their prevalence and treatment."
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are inflammatory conditions affecting the coronary arteries, characterized by
the development of atherosclerosis that can lead to impairment and, in severe cases, mortality. CVDs represent
the foremost cause of death globally. In recent decades, researchers have increasingly examined the impact of
periodontal disease (PD) on CVD. PD serves as a risk factor capable of triggering the formation, progression,
and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries. Two mechanisms have been proposed to explain this
association: direct invasion of periodontal pathogens into the bloodstream and indirect elevation of systemic
inflammatory mediators. Evidence suggests that improving one condition may positively influence the other.
This review synthesizes findings from epidemiological studies and research focusing on potential causal pathways, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between PD and CVD
Clinical Assessment And An Epidemiological Profile Of Ocular Trauma In Tertiary Care Hospital.
Authors: Barik Dr Monika , Nanda Dr. Prasanta Kumar , Barik Dr Monisha
Published: January 2025

Objective
In this study, we aimed to examine the presence of visual damage due to ocular trauma and assess
visual outcomes, and document the clinical spectrum and outcomes following ocular injuries
among patients presenting to a tertiary care hospital.
Methods
This prospective observational study was conducted in department of Ophthalmology, at Hi-Tech Medical college
and hospital Bhubaneswar period from April 2023 to March 2024 in the casualty and in the Ophthalmology
department were included in the study after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed
and comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed and visual acuity was noted at the
presentation and follow-ups. The patients were followed up at regular intervals, initially at one
week and subsequently at three and six weeks.
Results
The incidence of ocular trauma was highest in the age group of 31-40 years. There were only three
patients aged more than 60 years; 15 were in the pediatric age group (1-20 years). The ocular
trauma was highest in males (88.33%) than in females (11.67%). The majority of the patients were
from rural areas (70%) and 30% were from urban areas. In this study, both eyes were equally
involved. The right eye was involved in 45% of patients and the left eye was involved in 55%. Of
note, 80% of the patients presented with closed globe injury, and 20% presented with open globe
injury. On classifying the open and closed globe injuries into their subtypes, it was observed that
the majority of the patients had lid laceration (n=43, 71.67%), followed by corneal penetration in
12 patients (20%), corneal abrasion in three patients (5%), and lid abrasion in two patients
(3.33%). While 34 patients presented to the hospital with a history of road traffic accidents
(56.67%), accidental trauma (by a wooden stick, hook of a blouse, bangle, etc.) was noted in 17
patients (28.33%), trauma by soil particle and hand pump in five patients (8.33%), and electrical
trauma caused by the blast of capacitor in one patient (1.67%). One patient (1.67%) had sustained
trauma from a piece of wood while working on the farm and two patients (3.33%) had a trauma
because of assault. Thirty-four patients (66.67%) had a history of falls from bikes, and the next
most common object causing trauma was a wooden piece/stick (four patients, 6.67%), followed by
trauma caused by an iron particle in four patients (6.67%), trauma by stone in three patients (5%),
and trauma by hand pump in two patients (3.33%).
Conclusion
Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of ocular trauma. The ocular structures
involved and types of ocular trauma play a significant role in determining the visual outcomes in
these patients.
Estratégias De Marketing Digital Para O Crescimento De Pequenas E Médias Empresas No Brasil: Um Estudo Comparativo
Authors: Freitas Denílson Santos De , Ramos Magno Oliveira , Magalhães Reginaldo , Filho José Ribamar Santos Moraes , Lima Odaize Do Socorro Ferreira Cavalcante
Published: January 2025

As estratégias de marketing digital têm desempenhado um papel cada vez mais relevante para o crescimento de
pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) no Brasil, especialmente em um cenário de transformação digital
acelerada. De acordo com Chaffey e Ellis-Chadwick (2019), o marketing digital oferece uma plataforma
acessível e eficaz para empresas que buscam competir em mercados dominados por grandes organizações. Este
estudo investigou estratégias de marketing digital aplicadas por PMEs brasileiras, com foco em ferramentas
como redes sociais, marketing de conteúdo e anúncios pagos, e realizou uma análise comparativa para identificar
as práticas mais eficazes. No Brasil, redes sociais como Instagram, Facebook e WhatsApp têm se mostrado
ferramentas essenciais para PMEs. Segundo Kaplan e Haenlein (2010), essas plataformas permitem que as
empresas alcancem públicos segmentados com custos relativamente baixos, aumentando a visibilidade e o
engajamento. Este estudo constatou que 87% das PMEs analisadas utilizam redes sociais como canal principal
de marketing, com 65% reportando aumento nas vendas após campanhas direcionadas. Isso confirma a eficácia
dessas plataformas como meio de comunicação direto e personalizado entre empresas e clientes. Além das redes
sociais, o marketing de conteúdo emergiu como uma das estratégias mais eficazes para PMEs. Pulizzi (2012)
destaca que o conteúdo de qualidade é capaz de atrair, engajar e converter clientes potenciais, criando valor
para a audiência e fortalecendo a marca. No estudo, empresas que investiram em blogs, e-books e vídeos
educacionais registraram um aumento médio de 30% no tráfego do site e maior taxa de conversão em
comparação com aquelas que não adotaram essa prática. O marketing de conteúdo também se mostrou
particularmente útil para empresas que enfrentam restrições orçamentárias, pois prioriza a criação de materiais
de longo prazo em detrimento de anúncios pagos. Outra estratégia analisada foi o uso de anúncios pagos, como
Google Ads e Facebook Ads, para gerar leads qualificados e aumentar a visibilidade online. De acordo com
Jansen et al. (2013), os anúncios pagos podem oferecer um retorno sobre investimento significativo quando
utilizados estrategicamente. Este estudo identificou que empresas que destinaram pelo menos 15% de seu
orçamento de marketing para anúncios pagos experimentaram um crescimento médio de 25% nas vendas em um
período de seis meses. Contudo, a falta de conhecimento técnico foi apontada como uma barreira para muitas
PMEs, destacando a necessidade de treinamento ou terceirização desses serviços. Apesar dos benefícios, o estudo revelou desafios significativos para a adoção de estratégias de marketing digital pelas PMEs brasileiras
Envolvimento Em Jogos De Azar Entre Os Alunos Do 3º Ano Do Ensino Médio De Escolas Públicas De Manaus: A Relevância Da Educação Financeira Para Evitar Decisões Equivocadas
Authors: Laves Jéssica Mirian Sampaio , Souza Paulo Roberto Pires De , Souza Alexandre Pirangy De , Fonseca Marcello Pires , Chaves Hilmar Tadeu
Published: January 2025

O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar os hábitos, as tomadas de decisões de consumo e o envolvimento em jogos
de azar entre os alunos do terceiro ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas de Manaus. Em relação a
abordagem, a pesquisa foi caracterizada como de natureza quali-quantitativa. Com base em seus objetivos
classificou-se em exploratória e descritiva e quanto aos procedimentos técnicos utilizados, a pesquisa delineouse como de levantamento, por meio de uma amostra do tipo probabilística, e para a coleta dos dados foi utilizado
questionário eletrônico elaborado na plataforma Google Forms. Os resultados mostraram que em torno de
(61,7%) dos alunos do 3º ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas de Manaus já se envolveram em apostas
online, como os jogos do tigre, portanto, torna-se evidente a urgência de trabalhar a educação financeira no
currículo escolar. Diante dos dados apresentados o presente estudo sugere como proposta de intervenção inserir a educação financeira na feira de Ciências da escola, além de trabalhar com projetos e palestras que abordem questões relacionadas aos aspectos negativos e impactos psicológicos dos jogos de azar.
The Macro and Micro Effects of Graphene Oxide and Silica Fume on the Performance of Concrete under Standard Curing Conditions
Authors: Ma Guangyi , Liu Changjiang , Wu Yuyou , Zheng Zhoulian , Liu Jian , Fang Shuting
Published: May 2023

Herein, the properties of concrete containing graphene oxide (GO) and silica fume (SF) are systematically investigated. The results show that the excellent properties of GO and SF have a significant improvement effect on the performance of concrete. Among them, the compressive, splitting tensile, and flexural strength of B‐1 group (GO, 0.01 wt% and SF, 2.5 wt%) are increased by 11.04%, 12.23%, 20.11% compared with the reference group after 3 days of curing. Meanwhile, the water penetration height of B‐1 group is decreased by 59.67% compared with reference group. The mass loss and relative dynamic modulus loss are 5.32% and 8.89% after 75 freeze‐thaw cycles, which are much lower than the reference group. Moreover, the micromodification mechanism of GO and SF on the concrete is investigated by using X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results show that the incorporation of GO and SF promotes the early hydration reaction of cement, improves the internal structure of the matrix, and enhances the compactness of the matrix.
N‐Acetylcysteine‐Derived Carbon Dots for Free Radical Scavenging in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Wu Shang , Shi Yu , Jiang Letao , Bu Wenzhen , Zhang Kai , Lin Wenzheng , Pan Chun , Xu Zhuobin , Du Jianwei , Chen Hao , Wang Huihui
Published: May 2023

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is associated with oxidative stress induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamic equilibrium disturbance. Nanozymes, as nanomaterials with enzyme‐like activity, can regulate intro‐cellular ROS levels. In this study, a new carbon dots nanozyme, N‐acetylcysteine‐derived carbon dots (NAC‐CDs), is developed and proved to be an ideal antioxidant and anti‐senescent agent in IVDD management. The results confirmed the NAC‐CDs have satisfactory biocompatibility and strong superoxide dismutase (250 U mg−1), catalase, glutathioneperoxidase‐like activity, and total antioxidant capacity. Then, the powerful free radical scavenging and antioxidant ability of NAC‐CDs are demonstrated in vitro as observing the reduced ROS in H2O2 induced senescent nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs), in which the elimination efficiency of toxic ROS is more than 90%. NAC‐CDs also maintained mitochondrial homeostasis and suppressed cellular senescence, subsequently inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in NPCs. In vivo, evaluations of imaging and tissue morphology assessments suggested that disc height index, magnetic resonance imaging grade and histological score are significantly improved from the degenerative models when NAC‐CDs is applied. In conclusion, the study developed a novel carbon dots nanozyme, which efficiently rescues IVDD from ROS induced NPCs senescence and provides a potential strategy in management of IVDD in clinic.
Efficacy and safety following two or more years of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS Therapy) in pediatric patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy enrolled in a Russian VNS Registry
Authors: Feygina Anna A. , Koshelyaevskaya Yana N. , Dibué Maxine , Voronkova Kira V. , Klochkov Mikhail N. , Koroleva Nadezhda Y. , Ivanov Stanislav S. , Bolshakova Ekaterina S. , Fatykhova Elza F.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Following approval in 2009 of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS Therapy) for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) in the Russian Federation, this is the first multicenter study across Russia to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjunctive VNS Therapy.

Methods

The retrospective, observational registry included 58 pediatric patients with DRE (5–17 years old at implantation) who had ≥2 years of VNS. To ensure a robust evaluation process, changes in seizure frequency were evaluated for all seizure types as well as “most disabling” seizures (defined as seizures accompanied by falls, physical trauma, and/or incontinence in the absence of preventative measures).

Results

With 2 years of VNS Therapy, 37 of 49 patients (76%) experiencing the most disabling epileptic seizures had a >50% decrease in frequency of such seizures, and 16 (33%) reported no longer experiencing the “most disabling” seizure type. In addition, based on the McHugh Outcome scale, VNS Therapy had a positive outcome on both frequency and severity of all epileptic seizure types, with a >50% decrease in frequency of all epileptic seizure types noted in 37 of 58 patients (64%), and 31% of patients had a Class I outcome, including 11 patients (19%) who achieved seizure freedom. VNS Therapy also had a positive effect on the frequency of status epilepticus: 13 patients (22%) had status epilepticus prior to implantation with a mean rate of 9.4 ± 17.7 events per year (range, 0–52), and after VNS Therapy, only one patient continued to experience status epilepticus (at 1 event per 4–6 months). VNS Therapy had an acceptable safety profile and no adverse events leading to VNS discontinuation were reported.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that VNS Therapy is being safely and effectively applied to pediatric patients in the Russian healthcare system.
Determination of Thermal Time Constant of a Pt100 Temperature Sensor in Still Oil Using the Time Derivative Method
Authors: Dzinavatonga Kaitano , Obileke KeChrist , Makaka Golden , Mukumba Patrick , Munyaradzi Nyambo Benny
Published: May 2023

An alternative method was developed to determine the thermal time constant of a relatively cumbersome temperature sensor in still oil. A relationship between the take‐off gradient, initial temperature, thermal time constant, and final steady‐state temperature was deduced. An experiment was then performed using a Pt100 temperature sensor to test the veracity of the relationship. The Pt100 temperature sensor was subjected to five different step changes in temperature from an initial temperature of 60 °C. This resulted in five exponential curves with five different take‐off gradients. The linearization method was used to determine the thermal time constant as a control experiment. The new method was then applied to the same data set. It agrees very well with the linearization method within the limits of experimental error.
Trapping the Short‐Chain Odd Carbon Number Olefins Using Nickel(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Ethylene Oligomerization and Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Toluene
Authors: Zubkevich Sergey V. , Tuskaev Vladislav A. , Gagieva Svetlana Ch. , Pavlov Alexander A. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Wang Fei , Pan Li , Li Yuesheng , Saracheno Daniele , Vikhrov Anton A. , Zarubin Dmitry N. , Bulychev Boris M.
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Nickel(II) complexes with pyrazole‐based ligands are widely employed in catalysis of ethylene oligomerization and subsequent Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of toluene. We have prepared ten new nickel(II) dibromide complexes with various substituted bis(azolyl)methanes. They have been characterized using 1H NMR, IR, high resolution mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The structures of three complexes have been unambiguously established using X‐ray diffraction. It was found that these complexes in the presence of Et2AlCl or Et3Al2Cl3 are active both in ethylene oligomerization and Friedel‐Crafts alkylation processes (activity up to 3720 kgoligomer·mol[Ni]−1·h−1). The use of Et3Al2Cl3 results in a higher share of alkylated products (up to 60%). Moreover, catalytic systems activated with Et3Al2Cl3 produced small amounts of odd carbon number olefins (up to 0.8%). The Friedel‐Crafts alkylation was used as a trap for previously undetected short‐chain odd carbon number olefins (C3 and C5).
Hybridization of the Pharmacophoric Features of Discoipyrrole C and Combretastatin A‐4 toward New Anticancer Leads
Authors: Kurian Jais , Ashtam Anvesh , Kesavan Akila , Chaluvalappil Saheer V. , Panda Dulal , Manheri Muraleedharan K.
Published: May 2023

Pharmacophore hybridization is an attractive strategy to identify new leads against multifactorial diseases such as cancer. Based on literature analysis of compounds possessing ‘vicinal diaryl’ fragment in their structure, we considered Discoipyrroles A−D and Combretastatin A‐4 (CA‐4) as possible components in hybrid design. Discoipyrrole C (Dis C) and CA‐4 were used as reference compounds in these studies and their hybrids, in the form of 4,5‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrrol‐3(2H)‐ones, were synthesized from suitable amino acid precursors though their ynone intermediates. Of these, the hybrid having exact substitution pattern as that of CA‐4 showed better potency and selectivity than Dis C, but its activity was less compared to CA‐4. This new analog disrupted interphase microtubules by inhibiting tubulin assembly by binding to the colchicine site, induced multipolar spindles, caused cell cycle block and apoptosis in HeLa cells. It also inhibited colony formation and migration of breast cancer cell lines.
A convolutional neural network‐based, quantitative complete blood count scattergram‐mapping framework promptly screens acute promyelocytic leukemia with high sensitivity
Authors: Liao Hongyan , Xu Yuanxin , Meng Qiang , Mao Zhigang , Qiao Yifan , Liu Yan , Zheng Qin
Published: May 2023

Background

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) characterized by its rapidly progressive and fatal clinical course if untreated, although it is curable if treated in a timely manner. Promptly screening patients who have results that are suspicious for APL is vital to overcome early death.

Methods

The authors developed an innovative framework consisting of ResNet‐18, a convolutional neural network architecture, with the objective of quantitatively mapping a complete blood count (CBC) scattergram to quickly and robustly indicate a probable susceptibility to APL. Three hundred and twenty scattergrams of the white blood cell differential channel from 51 patients with APL, 510 scattergrams from 105 patients who had non‐APL AML, and 320 scattergrams from 320 healthy controls were randomly stratified at a ratio of 4:1 and split into training and testing data sets to accomplish five‐fold cross‐validation.

Results

Both the area under the curve and the average precision of >0.99 were achieved in each fold. Three hundred four of the 320 APL scattergrams (95%) were correctly flagged by the model, which outcompeted the CBC review rules recommended by the International Society of Laboratory Hematology (all p < .001). External validation based on an independent testing data set that included 56 scattergrams from 31 patients with APL, 56 scattergrams from 55 patients with non‐APL AML, and 64 scattergrams from 64 healthy controls also confirmed the sensitivity and specificity of the framework.

Conclusions

To the authors’ knowledge, their convolutional neural network‐based framework is the first to use scattergram output from routine CBC analysis to map suspicious APL early with outstanding sensitivity, specificity, and precision. The authors also describe a new CBC workflow incorporating this framework upstream of the morphologic review, which would provide the earliest flag for APL.

Plain Language Summary

The authors propose an innovative way to visualize complete blood counts (CBCs) by mapping the difference in white blood cell counts using automated CBC analysis to identify potential acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using a convolutional neural network (CNN), which can eliminate the potential pitfalls of manual observation.

Analyses of an unprecedented, realistic data set validated that the quantitative relationship between the CBC scattergram and an APL abnormality is highly consistent.

This is the first study to date focusing on screening for APL using scattergrams of the difference in white blood cell counts from routine CBC tests and has significant clinical relevance.

The authors recommend using this method even before analyzing cell images, which could provide the earliest way to screen for APL in a sensitive and accurate way.
Single‐phase current‐fed switched‐capacitor five‐level inverter
Authors: Chen Shaojun , Ye Yuanmao , Wang Xiaolin , Ni Qiang
Published: May 2023

With an input‐side boost inductor, current source inverter (CSI) naturally has the unique performance of voltage boosting and continuous input current, but its switching devices need to have reverse blocking capability. Switched‐capacitor (SC) multilevel inverter (MLI) features self‐balancing capacitor voltages and flexible structure, but it suffers the problems of inrush charging current of capacitors and pulse input current. By combining the CSI's input characteristics and the SC‐MLI's output features, this work presents a new five‐level inverter. Its input current is continuous, and there is no inrush current. In addition, the voltage gain is improved to 2/(1−d), where d is the duty ratio of the inductor's charging mode. With the unique structure, the duty ratio ranges from 0 to 1, and it is independent of the modulation ratio of the inverter. This makes the control more flexible. In addition to topology, operation, and modulation, parameter design, power loss, and comparison study are analyzed in detail. Finally, simulation results with fuel cell as input, and experimental results are provided to verify the superior performance of the proposed inverter.
The long hard road of reconciliation: Prefiguring cultures of peace through the transformation of representations of former combatants and identities of urban youth in Colombia
Authors: Fonseca Laura , Jovchelovitch Sandra
Published: May 2023

The Colombian peace accords of 2016 involved a formal commitment to peace between the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia‐People's Army (FARC‐EP in Spanish) and the national government. Despite this advance, societal reconciliation and sustainable peace remain key challenges. Through a longitudinal qualitative design, we investigate the encounter between former guerrilla members and urban university students in a community‐based educational space in rural Colombia. Drawing on a social representational approach, we focus on youth's representations of self (students), the remote other (former guerrilla members) and peace and reconciliation as they are produced before, during and after the encounter. Participants were 24 students enrolled in a service‐learning course at an urban university in Bogotá. Data collection included written narratives, audio‐visual material, focus groups and interviews. Thematic analyses show that as urban youth meet, spend time, and share space and common activities with the former combatants, both representations and identities are transformed. These transformations in self–other understandings unsettle hegemonic narratives supporting an ethos of conflict and introduce alternative representations that prefigure the consolidation of peace‐supporting counternarratives. Our results highlight both the resilience of hegemonic narratives and the long‐term effects of small‐scale educational knowledge encounters for producing agents of peace, recognising the other and prefiguring social change. Reconciliation as process must be thus understood as the uneven development of meaningful self–other interactions

that recasts the social fabric as interdependent and builds shared intentionality for achieving sustainable peace.
Application of the PAPP/MCA/APP intumescent flame retardant system in polypropylene
Authors: Meng Zhenhao , Liu Yang , Wang Song , Zhang Ailing , Li Sanxi
Published: May 2023

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), piperazine pyrophosphate (PAPP), and melamine cyanurate (MCA) were used as raw materials to develop an intumescent flame retardant system (IFRS) for polypropylene (PP). The synergistic flame retardancy among APP, PAPP, and MCA was explored. The effect of the proportion of APP, PAPP, and MCA on the IFRS flame‐retardant performance was studied. For the range of samples tested, the IFRS with the proportion of PAPP, MCA, and APP at 4:1:7.5 showed the best flame retardancy. When the addition of PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS in PP was 20%, the prepared flame‐retardant PP composite (PP‐PMA‐3) passed UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Moreover, the PP‐PMA‐3 total heat release (THR) decreased by 46.4% compared with PP‐0. Meanwhile, PAPP/MCA/APP IFRS showed good smoke suppression performance because the total smoke production (TSP) of PP‐PMA‐3 decreased by 65.0% compared with PP‐0. In addition, the high flame retardancy and the flame‐retardant mechanism of the prepared IFRS was explained.
Whole‐brain analyses indicate the impairment of posterior integration and thalamo‐frontotemporal broadcasting in disorders of consciousness
Authors: Panda Rajanikant , López‐González Ane , Gilson Matthieu , Gosseries Olivia , Thibaut Aurore , Frasso Gianluca , Cecconi Benedetta , Escrichs Anira ,   Coma Science Group Collaborators, Deco Gustavo , Laureys Steven , Zamora‐López Gorka , Annen Jitka
Published: May 2023

The study of the brain's dynamical activity is opening a window to help the clinical assessment of patients with disorders of consciousness. For example, glucose uptake and the dysfunctional spread of naturalistic and synthetic stimuli has proven useful to characterize hampered consciousness. However, understanding of the mechanisms behind loss of consciousness following brain injury is still missing. Here, we study the propagation of endogenous and in‐silico exogenous perturbations in patients with disorders of consciousness, based upon directed and causal interactions estimated from resting‐state fMRI data, fitted to a linear model of activity propagation. We found that patients with disorders of consciousness suffer decreased capacity for neural propagation and responsiveness to events, and that this can be related to severe reduction of glucose metabolism as measured with [18F]FDG‐PET. In particular, we show that loss of consciousness is related to the malfunctioning of two neural circuits: the posterior cortical regions failing to convey information, in conjunction with reduced broadcasting of information from subcortical, temporal, parietal and frontal regions. These results shed light on the mechanisms behind disorders of consciousness, triangulating network function with basic measures of brain integrity and behavior.
Multiscale attention network for retinal vein occlusion classification with multicolor image
Authors: Wang Xiaochen , Ding Yanhui , Zheng Yuanjie
Published: May 2023

Recently, automatic diagnostic approaches widely use various retinal images to classify ocular diseases. And retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy. In clinical practice, ophthalmologists are usually accustomed to resorting to images of one modality. But single‐modality images often ignore other modality‐specific information. To solve this problem, this paper uses a novel retinal imaging, the multicolor (MC) imaging, for RVO recognition. It can obtain four multiple modal images with different wavelengths to provide much richer information about retinal features. Since the MC images contain local and global pathologies at multiple scales, a multiscale attention structure is proposed to recognize RVO. In simple terms, this structure uses Resnet as the backbone network for feature extraction, with simultaneous input of images in four modalities. Then, the feature maps at different scales are fed into an attention module to fuse the global and local features, which combines two attention mechanisms, the channel attention mechanism and the spatial attention mechanism. The extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed framework achieves quite promising classification performance on the fundus diseases and normal images.
Osteoblast and bacterial cell response on RGD peptide‐functionalized chitosan coatings electrophoretically deposited from different suspensions on Ti13Nb13Zr alloy
Authors: Pawłowski Łukasz , Mania Szymon , Banach‐Kopeć Adrianna , Bartmański Michał , Ronowska Anna , Jurak Kacper , Mielewczyk‐Gryń Aleksandra , Karska Natalia , Rodziewicz‐Motowidło Sylwia , Zieliński Andrzej
Published: May 2023

Metallic materials for long‐term load‐bearing implants still do not provide high antimicrobial activity while maintaining strong compatibility with bone cells. This study aimed to modify the surface of Ti13Nb13Zr alloy by electrophoretic deposition of a chitosan coating with a covalently attached Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide. The suspensions for coating deposition were prepared in two different ways either using hydroxyacetic acid or a carbon dioxide saturation process. The coatings were deposited using a voltage of 10 V for 1 min. The prepared coatings were examined using SEM, EDS, FTIR, and XPS techniques. In addition, the wettability of these surfaces, corrosion resistance, adhesion of the coatings to the metallic substrate, and their antimicrobial activity (E. coli, S. aureus) and cytocompatibility properties using the MTT and LDH assays were studied. The coatings produced tightly covered the metallic substrate. Spectroscopic studies confirmed that the peptide did not detach from the chitosan chain during electrophoretic deposition. All tested samples showed high corrosion resistance (corrosion current density measured in nA/cm2). The deposited coatings contributed to a significant increase in the antimicrobial activity of the samples against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria (reduction in bacterial counts from 99% to, for CS‐RGD‐Acid and the S. aureus strain, total killing capacity). MTT and LDH results showed high compatibility with bone cells of the modified surfaces compared to the bare substrate (survival rates above 75% under indirect contact conditions and above 100% under direct contact conditions). However, the adhesion of the coatings was considered weak.
The Effects of Gross Cranial Nerve Invasion on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with HPV(+)OPSCC
Authors: Zhu Agnes , O'Byrne Thomas J. , Haller Travis J. , Martin Eliot , Moore Eric J.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

This study examines oncologic outcomes in patients with HPV‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC) who had evidence of gross cranial nerve invasion (CNI) identified at the time of surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study comparing demographics, clinical features, and outcomes of HPV(+)OPSCC patients with and without gross CNI.

Methods

Patients with biopsy proven HPV(+)OPSCC involving the base of tongue, tonsil, or unknown primary site, who underwent surgery as a part of their treatment between 1/1/2006–12/31/2020 (n = 874), were included in this study. Gross CNI was identified during operative intervention (n = 36). Statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 and R version 3.6.2. P‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results

HPV(+)OPSCC patients with gross CNI were nearly 5 times as likely to suffer death by cancer (HR = 5.41, 95% CI 2.51 to 11.67, p < 0.0001), over 4 times as likely to see disease progression (HR = 4.25, 95% CI 2.31 to 7.84, p < 0.0001), and nearly 5 times as likely to experience metastasis (HR = 4.46, 95% CI 2.20 to 9.06, p < 0.0001) when compared to patients without CNI. Patients with gross CNI had significantly lower overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, progression‐free survival, and distant‐metastasis free survival (p < 0.0001). Patients with gross CNI were significantly more likely to present with higher clinical N stage, higher pathological N stage and extracapsular spread than patients without gross CNI.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the presence of CNI is associated with significantly poorer oncologic outcomes in HPV(+)OPSCC patients.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 134:170–177, 2024
Trendbericht Technische Chemie 2023
Authors: Moioli Emanuele
Published: May 2023

Die Energiewende stellt neue Forderungen an die Verfügbarkeit von Rohstoffen – das verändert das Aufgabengebiet der technischen Chemie. Gefragt sind neue Methoden, um lastflexible Reaktoren zu optimieren, und Prozesse, die sich an die Verfügbarkeit von Ressourcen anpassen.
Chemiedidaktik: Wasserstofftechnik in der Plastikbox
Authors: Meggyes Vivien , Banerji Amitabh
Published: May 2023

Aus Alltagsmaterialien können Schüler:innen eine Mini‐Zelle zur Wasserelektrolyse und eine Brennstoffzelle selbst bauen und so deren Prinzipien kennen lernen. Solche und weitere Experimente entwickeln Wissenschaftler:innen im Projekt „TeacH2 Tomorrow: low‐cost Wasserstofftechnologien“.
Miniaturisierung: Tröpfchen fürs Screening
Authors: Demir Konstantin , Festel Gunter , Friedrichson Tim , Levkin Pavel , Popova Anna
Published: May 2023

Droplet‐Microarrays können Mikrotiterplatten in Screening‐Anwendungen ersetzen. In der biowissenschaftlichen Grundlagenforschung sowie der Wirkstoffforschung, in diagnostischen Anwendungen und der Präzisionsmedizin lassen sich damit Zellen und Reagenzien untersuchen.
Photochemie – mechanistisch und ohne Quecksilberlampen
Authors: Kerzig Christoph
Published: May 2023

Christoph Kerzig erforscht effiziente Mechanismen, die durch ein Photon im sichtbaren Bereich angetrieben werden, und Zweiphotonenprozesse, die reaktionsträge Moleküle mit LEDs aktivieren können.
Tote als Zeugen: Carl Remigius Fresenius und die forensische Analytik
Authors: Gros Leo
Published: May 2023

Im Jahr 1836 entwickelte James Marsh eine Nachweismethode, mit der Arsen in Mordopfern nachweisbar war. Der analytische Chemiker Carl Remigius Fresenius arbeitete daran, Arsen und Antimon sicher zu unterscheiden. Zwei Kriminalfälle aus dem 19. Jahrhundert sind gut dokumentiert, in denen Fresenius mit seinen analytischen Arbeiten dazu beitrug, vor Gericht Schuld und Unschuld zu beweisen.
Nachruf: Stefan Berger (1946 – 2023)
Authors: Günther Harald , Matysik Jörg , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich
Published: May 2023

Stefan Berger war einer der großen Lehrer der magnetischen Kernresonanz‐Spektroskopie (NMR), viele seiner Werke sind Klassiker.
Effect of intensive care unit diary on quality of life of intensive care unit survivors and their relatives: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hu Donghui , Ji Xiaoli , Li Yaxin , Liang YueNing , Chen Jia
Published: May 2023

Aim

To evaluate the current literature on the effect of ICU diaries on the quality of life of ICU survivors and their relatives.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

We searched the online databases Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI and WanFang from inception to April 2021. Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess the methodological quality.

Results

Seven studies were identified. ICU diaries improved the QoL of ICU survivors (SMD 0.79, 95% CI 0.24–1.34), and a small study described no benefit of diaries in improving the QoL of relatives.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis revealed the use of ICU diaries to improve the QoL in survivors, but the ICU diaries do not have a beneficial effect on the QoL in relatives. The evidence summarized in our study is limited and biased, and more research should be carried out to verify it.