bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A REFINED P-BOX AS A RANDOM VARIABLE MODEL IN PROBLEMS OF STRUCTURAL RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
Authors:   Vologda State University, Soloveva A.A. , Solovev S.A. ,   Vologda State University
Published: August 2022

The article describes a new type of the p-box (probability box) for random variables modeling in problems of structural reliability analysis. The advantage of the presented random variable model is that it is based on confidence estimates of statistical parameters without the need to confirm the hypothesis about the type of probability distribution function. The numerical example shows that the introduction of additional information in the form of a median’s confidence interval to the p-boxes based on the Chebyshev’s inequality is leading to reducing the area between the boundary distribution functions of the random variable. This makes it possible to reduce the level of uncertainty during further arithmetical operations with p-boxes in problems of structural reliability analysis, which is clearly visible after the discretization of the p-boxes into the Dempster-Shafer structure.
Teilsteifen an geschweißten Rahmenecken unter Berücksichtigung der Eigenspannungen/Partial height stiffeners in welded knee joints, taking into account the residual stresses
Authors: Kövesdi Balázs , Dunai László , Li Zheng , Pasternak Hartmut , Oly René , Marai Péter
Published: August 2022

Rahmenecken in Portalrahmen aus Stahl mit Schraubverbindungen weisen typischerweise Steifen auf, um eine angemessene Tragfähigkeit zu gewährleisten. Die Ausführung mit Teilsteifen ermöglicht eine Kosteneinsparung, muss sich jedoch durch die Berücksichtigung der Auswirkungen bei der Nachweisführung des Anschlusses auszahlen. Der Spalt der Teilsteife hat eine Höhe von 10 % bis 30 % der jeweiligen Stegtiefe. Basierend auf einem Astron-Produktbeispiel analysiert diese Studie die Auswirkungen der Teilversteifung auf die betroffene Rahmenecke gemäß EN1993–1–8. Auf der Grundlage eines 3D-FE-Modells wird eine Parameterstudie durchgeführt. Der Einfluss von Eigenspannungen, die aus den Herstellungsprozessen der Fügeteile resultieren, wird ebenfalls analysiert. Als Ergebnis werden modifizierte Bemessungsverfahren vorgeschlagen, die es erlauben, den geometrischen Spalt und die Eigenspannungen zu berücksichtigen. Maßgebliche Parameter sind Spaltgröße und Stegplattenschlankheit, nicht aber die Gesamtgeometrie. Wo sehr kleine Spalte einen quasi vernachlässigbaren Einfluss haben, beeinflussen größere Spalte die Mechanik der Rahmenecke und müssen daher explizit in der konstruktiven Auslegung berücksichtigt werden. Das hier vorgeschlagene Bemessungsverfahren könnte eine Anleitung geben.
THE OPPORTUNITIES OF BLENDED LEARNING IN TEACHING LISTENING
Authors: Филиппова В.М. , Головаха Е.И.
Published: August 2022

В статье анализируются существующие подходы к пониманию смешанного обучения, рассматриваются возможности повышения эффективности обучения данному виду речевой деятельности при помощи смешанного обучения, а также описываются ресурсы, которые могут быть применены в процессе организации обучения аудированию.

The article analyzes the existing approaches to understanding the idea of blended learning, reviews the opportunities of developing the effectiveness of teaching listening with the help of blended learning, and also describes the resources that can be used in organizing the process of teaching listening to foreign students.
Theoretical and practical discipline «Modern Russian language» for students-trainees of philological profile – problems of organization of mixed learning
Authors: Труханова Д.С.
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы преподавания теоретико-практической дисциплины «Современный русский язык» (лексикология, морфология, синтаксис) учащимся-стажерам филологического профиля из КНР и стран Восточной Европы. Автором описываются сложности работы с данным контингентом учащихся, связанные со спецификой методических целей и задач, которые стоят перед преподавателями, и с условиями работы студентов, предлагается один из вариантов оптимизации учебного процесса – организации работы учащихся по одной из моделей смешанного обучения – «перевернутый класс». Особое внимание уделяется вопросу обеспечения учащихся с разным уровнем подготовки учебными материалами: рассматриваются как технические, так и методические проблемы создания учебных видеокастов для студентов-филологов, организации самостоятельного взаимодействия учащихся с ними, использования разных типов учебных материалов для занятий, внедрения оптимальных форм работы с ними для студентов разного уровня владения РКИ. В статье также обсуждаются проблемы и ограничения в реализации смешанного обучения по модели «перевернутого класса».

The article discusses the problems of teaching students of philological profile from China and Eastern European countries theoretical and practical discipline «Modern Russian language» (lexicology, morphology, syntax). The author describes the difficulties of working with this contingent of students – methodological goals and tasks that teachers face, conditions for organizing the work of students – and suggests the optimization of the educational process by organizing the work of students according to one of the models of blended learning – «Flipped classroom». Special attention is paid to the issue of providing students with educational materials: both technical and methodological problems of creating educational videocasts for students are discussed as well as different types of educational materials for classes, optimal forms of working with them for students of different levels of proficiency in the Russian as Foreign Language are considered. The article also discusses the problems and limitations in the implementation of mixed learning based on the «Flipped classroom» model.
ORGANIZATION OF INTERCULTURAL DIALOGUE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF BLENDED LEARNING OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Амелина И.О.
Published: August 2022

Статья посвящена вопросам межкультурной коммуникации, развития диалога культур в рамках смешанного обучения РКИ. Смешанное обучение представляется перспективной формой реализации образовательного процесса, гармонично соединяющей учебную деятельность онлайн и офлайн. В статье раскрываются особенности организации межкультурного диалога при обучении РКИ в смешанной форме в целях знакомства обучающихся с русской культурой, совершенствования понимания поведенческих стереотипов русского народа, а также восприятия мира в его многообразии.

The article is devoted to the issues of intercultural communication, development of the dialogue of cultures within the framework of blended learning of Russian as a foreign language. Blended learning is regarded as a promising form of educational process’s implementation, harmoniously combining online and offline learning activities. The article reveals the features of organizing intercultural dialogue when teaching Russian as a foreign language in a mixed form in order to familiarize students with Russian culture, improve their understanding of the behavioral stereotypes of the Russian people, as well as the perception of the world in its diversity.
Flipped classroom: The practical application regarding bilingual children
Authors: Скворцова К.В. , Матрусова А.Н.
Published: August 2022

В последние годы все активнее обсуждаются методы, приемы и практики, наиболее эффективные в работе с детьми-билингвами. Однако педагоги отмечают две ведущие проблемы, связанные с работой вне языковой среды: низкая мотивация и разноуровневые группы. Предполагается, что частично подойти к решению данных проблем можно, используя технологию «перевернутый класс». В статье представлен алгоритм создания и структурирования курса для «перевернутого класса».

The interest in teaching bilingual children increased in the past few years. However, we find it difficult to define the methods, techniques and practices that actually result in a successful practice. First of all, we have a motivational problem, the second language is not mandatory and hence there is no interest in learning it. The second problem is having multilevel groups which naturally appear at Russian schools due to limited resources of the weekend school. We believe that flipped classroom could present a solution for both of these problems. In this article we show the algorithm of the course’s creation and, also, how to structure the online course.
THE LEGACY OF THE WORKS OF YU.V. ROZHDESTVENSKY IN THE FORMATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL-SEMIOTIC SCIENTIFIC PARADIGM AND THE PLACE OF RHETORIC IN THE SYSTEM OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION
Authors: Чижова Л.А.
Published: August 2022

В статье рассматривается влияние идей Ю.В. Рождественского на формирование функционально-семиотической научной парадигмы в современной лингвистике, значимости преподавания курсов по общей филологии и риторике в системе университетского образования на филологическом факультете. Обращается внимание на необходимость формирования у учащихся понимания этических установок прецедентных текстов логосферы с целью избегнуть культурных конфликтов в обществе.

The article examines the influence of Yu.V. Rozhdestvensky's ideas on the formation of a functional-semiotic scientific paradigm in modern linguistics, the importance of teaching courses in general philology and rhetoric in the university education system at the Faculty of Philology, as well as the need, in order to preserve national culture, to form students' understanding of the ethical attitudes of precedent texts of the logosphere, in order to avoid cultural conflicts in society.
FUNCTIONAL TYPOLOGY OF SYNTAXEM AND INCOMPLETE SENTENCES IN RUSSIAN
Authors: Роговнева Ю.В.
Published: August 2022

Настоящая статья представляет собой продолжение анализа предикативных единиц в нефикциональных описательных текстах. В более ранних работах были проанализированы конструкции, в которых говорящий не эксплицирует субъект; было показано, что эти предложения не всегда можно считать односоставными (в соответствии с оппозицией односоставности и двусоставности). В этой статье мы обратимся к проблеме так называемых неполных предложений и попытаемся взглянуть на эту закрепившуюся в русском синтаксисе оппозицию с точки зрения теории коммуникативной грамматики, в результате ответим на вопрос о том, какие предложения действительно можно считать неполными.

This article is a continuation of the analysis of predicative units in non-functional descriptive texts. In earlier works, constructions in which the speaker does not explicate the subject were analyzed, it was shown that these sentences cannot always be considered one-part (in accordance with the opposition of one-part and two-part). In this article we will address the problem of so-called incomplete sentences and try to look at this opposition fixed in Russian syntax from the point of view of the theory of communicative grammar.
Intonation of polar questions with indefinite pronouns produced by Italian learners of Russian
Authors: Дурягин П.В.
Published: August 2022

Выбор просодического оформления высказывания на неродном языке является нетривиальной задачей для обучающихся, в особенности в тех случаях, когда предложение прагматически нагружено или содержит особые единицы, накладывающие ограничения на выбор тональной конфигурации. Одним из примеров такого типа фраз в русском языке являются общие вопросы, содержащие неопределенные местоимения. В статье представлены результаты экспериментального исследования произношения этого типа высказываний итальянцами, изучающими РКИ. В рамках эксперимента испытуемым предлагалось выбрать предпочитаемый порядок слов в коротких предложениях из трех слов и зачитать вслух с интонацией, соответствующей заданному контексту. Данные эксперимента позволили выделить основные стратегии, используемые италоговорящими для просодического оформления этого типа фраз в отсутствие эксплицитных инструкций. Большинство участников продемонстрировали склонность к трансферу на уровне просодии, но не при выборе порядка слов. Полученные результаты также демонстрируют необходимость учитывать эффект диалектных характеристик речи обучающихся при изучении закономерностей просодического трансфера.

The choice of prosodic structure for an utterance in a foreign language is a non-trivial task for learners, especially when the produced phrase is pragmatically loaded or contains the units that impose restrictions on the choice of tonal configuration. One example of such an utterance in Russian are polar questions with indefinite pronouns. The article presents the results of an experiment aimed to investigate the production of such phrases by Italian learners of Russian. The subjects were instructed to choose the word order in short polar questions and read them aloud with the intonation appropriate for the proposed context. The experimental data allowed to identify some common strategies used by Italian learners of Russian for prosodic marking in the lack of explicit instruction concerning this type of utterances. Most subjects demonstrated the tendency to transfer from their native language the prosody, but not the word order. In addition, the data highlight the necessity to consider dialectal differences when studying prosodic transfer phenomena.
GRANT ACTIVITY OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF A PANDEMIC: METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Authors: Белгородский В.С. , Дембицкий С.Г. , Черкашина Т.Т.
Published: August 2022

Настоящая статья посвящена анализу использования инструментов грантовой деятельности вуза для расширения образовательных, научно-методических, просветительских перспектив доступности и эффективности преподавания РКИ.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the use of the university grant activity tools to expand educational, scientific, methodological, educational prospects for the accessibility and effectiveness of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE FOR ADVANCED NON-PHILOLOGISTS: IMMERSION METHOD
Authors: Саакян Л.Н.
Published: August 2022

В статье анализируются методические основы метода погружения как рабочей среды для обучения РКИ в контексте межкультурной коммуникации. Рассматривается социокультурная составляющая современного и актуального языкового материала, на базе которого происходит формирование коммуникативной компетенции и умений и навыков межкультурной коммуникации учащихся, что должно быть положено в основу современных национально ориентированных средств обучения РКИ.

The article analyzes the methodological foundations of the immersion method as a working environment for teaching Russian as a foreign language in the context of intercultural communication. The article considers the socio-cultural component of modern and relevant language material, on the basis of which the formation of communicative competence and skills of intercultural communication of students takes place, which should be the basis of modern nationally-oriented means of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
CURRENT RAFL LEARNING MATERIALS FOR CHINESE MUSIC STUDENTS: A TEXT-CENTRIC APPROACH ("MUSIC THEORY")
Authors: Зацепин А.В. , Ли Ж.
Published: August 2022

Разработанные учебные материалы представляют собой тексты и задания профессиональной направленности для китайских студентов-музыкантов и предназначены для обучения языку специальности. Учебный материал рассчитан на студентов, владеющих русским языком на уровне А2–B1+, и может быть использован как для аудиторных занятий, так и для самостоятельной работы. Основная задача дидактического ресурса – предоставить иностранным студентам дополнительный материал для чтения и накопить необходимый запас лексики для учебы по музыкальным специальностям, а также развить речевые навыки обучающихся. Разработанные тексты для чтения успешно прошли апробацию на занятиях с иностранными студентами музыкальных специальностей в РГПУ им. А.И. Герцена и в Даляньском университете иностранных языков в Китае.

The educational material is designed for students who speak Russian at the level A2-B1, and can be used both for classroom studies and for self-work. The main task of the didactic resource is providing to foreign students with additional reading material and accumulate the necessary vocabulary for studying in music specialties, as well as to develop students' speech skills. The developed texts for reading were successfully tested in the classroom with foreign students of musical specialties at the Herzen University and at the Dalian University of Foreign Studies in China. Due to many years of experience, the authors managed to take into account all the difficulties and specifics of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Kajian Filsafat Ilmu dalam Pengembangan Ekonomi Moneter (Uang dan Bank)
Authors: Bhegawati Desak Ayu Sriary
Published: August 2022

Filsafat dan ilmu mempunyai titik singgung dalam mencari kebenaran. Ilmu bertugas melukiskan dan filsafatbertugas menafsirkan fenomena semesta, kebenaran berada disepanjang pemikiran,sedangkan kebenaran ilmu berada disepanjang pengalaman.Berdasarkan uraian teroretis di atas, maka penulis akan membahas pengertianOntologi, Epistemologi dan Aksiologi serta segala permasalahannya sebagai unsuryang sangat penting dalam filsafat ilmu yang dipandang sebagai satu kesatuan yangtidak terpisahkan antara satu dengan yang lainnya.Keberadaan uang menyediakan alternatif transaksi yang lebih mudah daripada barter yang lebih kompleks, tidak efisien, dan kurang cocok digunakan dalam sistem ekonomi modern karena membutuhkan orang yang memiliki keinginan yang sama untuk melakukan pertukaran dan juga kesulitan dalam penentuan nilai. Efisiensi yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan uang pada akhirnya akan mendorong perdagangan dan pembagian tenaga kerja yang kemudian akan meningkatkan produktifitas dan kemakmuran.Penciptaan uang adalah proses memproduksi atau menghasilkan uang baru. Terdapat tiga cara untuk menciptakan uang, pertama dengan cara mencetak mata uang kertas atau uang logam, kedua melalui pengadaan utang dan pinjaman, serta ketiga melalui beragam kebijakan pemerintah, misalnya seperti pelonggaran kuantitatif. Bank merupakan lembaga keuangan yang sangat penting dalam perekonomian. Uang juga berfungsi sebagai satuan hitung (unit of account) karena uang dapat digunakan untuk menunjukan nilai berbagai macam barang/jasa yang diperjualbelikan, menunjukkan besarnya kekayaan, dan menghitung besar kecilnya pinjaman.Secara umum, bank didefinisikan sebagai lembaga keuangan yang usaha pokoknya adalah menghimpun dana dan menyalurkannya kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk kredit serta memberikan jasa dalam lalu lintas pembayaran dan peredaran uang.
PENGARUH STRES KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI PADA BADAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAN PENDAPATAN DAERAH KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Astika Ida Ayu Kade
Published: August 2022

Sumber daya manusia merupakan aset terpenting di dalam organisasi karena perannya yang membantu kelangsungan hidup organisasi. Sumber daya seperti modal, metode dan mesin tidak bisa memberikan hasil yang optimal apabila tidak didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang mempunyai kinerja yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuisioner dengan sampel berjumlah 77 responden. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan proporsional random sampling. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis statistik dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan analisis korelasi berganda, analisis regresi liner berganda, koefisien determinasi, uji F dan uji t dengan menggunakan bantuan program Microsoft Excel dan program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) for windows Version 20,00. Berdasarkan simpulan maka dapat disarankan Pihak Badan Pengelolaan  Keuangan  dan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Buleleng agar memperhatikan stres kerja dan kepuasan kerja karena kedua faktor tersebut berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Badan Pengelolaan Keuangan dan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Buleleng dapat melakukan program atau kegiatan yang dapat mengurangi stres kerja dan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja pegawai seperti family gathering ataupun memperhatikan hubungan interpersonal di antara pegawai. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, disarankan agar lingkup penelitian diperluas dengan menambahkan beberapa variabel pendukung dan memilih lokasi penelitian di organisasi yang bergerak di bidang lain.
Legal Analysis of the Corporate Penalties in Korean Financial Laws
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Kim Byung-Tae
Published: August 2022

Corporate penalty has become an important and much-talked about topic. This Article argues that the provisions on corporate penalty create social costs in excess of its benefits and produce serious problems of over-deterrence. Moreover, some of them could be blamed on their illegitimacy.
The Article, in turn, offers an overview of and commentary on the Korea approach to corporate punishment and an analysis of illegitimacy on the focus on financial law provisions.
Part I and Part II begin with a discussion of corporate penalty and, in rough form, rules for analysis of illegitimacy on the financial law provisions. Part III examines several proposals in 6 key cases to change corporate penalties in financial laws, and explains why most of these proposals would barely alter the current structure: (i) the double regulation and punishment both by financial law and competitive law, and by financial law and advertisement law, (ii) the violation of the principle of proportionality under the Constitution, (iii) the criminal punishment and the administrative order punishment, (iv) the deficiency of criminal requirement and the principle of legality, (v) the appointment of chief privacy officers in financial institutions, and (vi) the penalty on joint penal provisions. Part IV addresses a conclusion of the Article.
A close look at the such cases reveals a violation of the Constitution most of the time. For this reason, the special task force team by the Government recently organized is expected to take care of all possible problems in corporate penalty and punishment.
Legal Issues about ex post settlement of Labor Costs in Public Contracts
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Chang Ho Jin
Published: August 2022

The ex post settlement is widely used in public contracts. Since public contracts have the characteristics of a judicial contract, the addition of special conditions to the contract is not prohibited or restricted. Ex post settlement is not allowed in the absence of a special contract. On the other hand, if there is a special contract, it will be decided whether it is an unreasonable special agreement depending on the specific circumstances.
The problem is the ex post settlement of labor costs. The Guidelines for protection of working conditions for Contracting-out workers allow the ex post settlement of labor costs. With respect to labor costs, the service provider may object. On the other hand, workers belonging to a service company can claim that all the labor costs are their share.
It can be said that it is necessary for public institutions to achieve the public purpose of budget reduction through ex post settlement. However, it should be considered that the ex post settlement can be used as a means of resolving the low-wage structure of workers belonging to service companies.
Comparative study on the family name
Authors:   Legal Research Institute of Chonnam National University, Park Jun-hyeok
Published: August 2022

Recently, gender equality is an important topic in our life, and in particular, there have been media reports on ‘the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence over the mother’s name’ in family law. According to Article 781 paragraph 1 of the Korean Civil Code, it specifies that the father’s name takes precedence when determining the child’s surname, and the surname of the mother can use as the surname of the child that there is an agreement between the parents when registering marriage. This article is criticized from the point of view of gender inequality, and it seems that most jurists agree on the need to reform this article.
Family name is not unique to Korean law and culture, so we comparatively studied how other countries determine family name respecting gender equality. According to our comparative study, there are laws of other countries which states ‘the married name’ or ‘the usual name(nom d’usage in French)’ which influence the surname of the child, and there are laws which specify the priority of the convention of the parents to determine the child’s surname. In addition, we can find several ways to determine the child’s surname if one of the parents did not agree in the latter case.
Since the introduction of ‘the married name’ or ‘the usual name’ for Korea may lead to social and legal confusion, it is reasonable to study on this subject on the assumption that ‘the married name’ and ‘the usual name’ are not introduced. That is to say, it is difficult to change the family name once decided, according to the principle of the immutability of the family name. Therefore, one must be more careful in determining the surname of the child. On these important issues, we propose a way to reform ‘the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence over the mother’s name’ into the principle that the father’s surname takes precedence if there is no agreement between parents, to introduce another method of determinations, and to change the time of determination from the time of registration of marriage to birth registration of the child. Through these studies, our law should introduce a family name-determining method that society agrees with.
Investigating the Relationship between Stock Liquidity and Firm Value
Authors: Shamsi Nahin Israt , Quader Dr. Syed Manzur , Abdullah Dr. Mohammad Nayeem
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the effect of stock liquidity on firm value (MV), operating income to price (OIP), market value of equity to market value of the asset (MVEA), and operating income to assets (OIA) ratios in Bangladesh. This paper also investigates whether firm size, leverage, or financial crisis have any moderating role to play on the liquidity-firm value relationship.
Method: The study used panel data on 159 nonfinancial firms listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange for the period of 2006 to 2019. Ordinary Least Squares, Fixed Effect, and Two-Stage least Squares estimation methods are used to determine the desired relationship.
Results: The results show that stock liquidity has a positive and significant impact on firm value and the results are robust to alternative estimation techniques. The relationship is found more acute for small and less levered firms and more intense in the post-crisis (after the 2010 stock market crash) period in Bangladesh.
Implications: The role of firm size, leverage, or financial crisis on the liquidity-firm value relationship will help corporate managers to adopt policies and strategies for improving the stock liquidity, changing investors' perceptions, and overall, increasing the depth and stability of the capital market in Bangladesh or elsewhere.
Limitations: Due to the unavailability of data, for the robustness check, we couldn't use any alternative proxy of stock liquidity such as bid-ask spreads.
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Authors: O B
Published: August 2022

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Observational Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Escape from Ultrahigh-energy Accelerators
Authors: Luce Quentin , Marafico Sullivan , Biteau Jonathan , Condorelli Antonio , Deligny Olivier
Published: August 2022

Interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) accelerated in specific astrophysical environments have been shown to shape the energy production rate of nuclei differently from that of the secondary neutrons escaping from the confinement zone. Here, we aim at testing a generic scenario of in-source interactions through phenomenological modeling of the flux and composition of UHECRs. We fit a model in which nucleons and nuclei follow different particle energy distributions to the all-particle energy spectrum and proton spectrum below the ankle energy and distributions of maximum shower depths above this energy, as inferred at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We obtain that the data can be reproduced using a spatial distribution of sources that follows the density of extragalactic matter on both local and large scales, providing hence a realistic set of constraints for the emission mechanisms in cosmic accelerators, for their energetics, and for the abundances of elements at escape from their environments. While the quasi monoelemental increase of the cosmic-ray mass number observed on Earth from ≃2 EeV up to the highest energies calls for nuclei accelerated with a hard spectral index, the inferred flux of protons down to ≃0.6 EeV is shown to require for this population a spectral index significantly softer than that generally obtained up to now. We demonstrate that modeling UHECR data across the ankle substantiates the conjecture of in-source interactions in a robust statistical framework, although pushing the mechanism to the extreme.
Probing the Extent of Fe Kα Emission in Nearby Active Galactic Nuclei Using Multi-order Analysis of Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Data
Authors: Masterson Megan , Reynolds Christopher S.
Published: August 2022

We present a study of the narrow Fe Kα line in seven bright, nearby active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have been observed extensively with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating (HETG). The HETG data reveal a wider Fe Kα line in the first-order spectrum than in the second- and third-order spectra, which we interpret as the result of spatially extended Fe Kα emission. We utilize these differences in narrow Fe Kα line widths in the multi-order Chandra HETG spectra to determine the spatial extent and intrinsic velocity width of the emitting material in each object. We find that there is modest evidence for spatially extended emission in each object, corresponding to extension of r ∼ 5–100 pc. These distances are significantly larger than those inferred from velocity widths assuming gravitational motions, which give r ∼ 0.01–1 pc. This implies either that the gas is emitting at a range of radii, with smaller radii dominating the velocity width and larger radii dominating the spatial extent, or that the gas is exhibiting nongravitational motions, which we suggest would be outflows due to slight excess redshift in the line and velocities that exceed the freefall velocity. We also use the spatial extent information to estimate the mass of the emitting gas by counting fluorescing iron atoms, finding masses on the order of M
gas ∼ 105–108
M
⊙. Future work with observatories like XRISM will be able to extend this study to a larger number of AGN and decrease uncertainties that arise as a result of the low signal-to-noise ratio of the higher-order HETG data.
Quiet Sun Center to Limb Variation of the Linear Polarization Observed by CLASP2 Across the Mg ii
h and k Lines
Authors: Rachmeler L. A. , Bueno J. Trujillo , McKenzie D. E. , Ishikawa R. , Auchère F. , Kobayashi K. , Kano R. , Okamoto T. J. , Bethge C. W. , Song D. , Ballester E. Alsina , Belluzzi L. , Pino Alemán T. del , Ramos A. Asensio , Yoshida M. , Shimizu T. , Winebarger A. , Kobelski A. R. , Vigil G. D. , Pontieu B. De , Narukage N. , Kubo M. , Sakao T. , Hara H. , Suematsu Y. , Štěpán J. , Carlsson M. , Leenaarts J.
Published: August 2022

The CLASP2 (Chromospheric LAyer Spectro-Polarimeter 2) sounding rocket mission was launched on 2019 April 11. CLASP2 measured the four Stokes parameters of the Mg ii
h and k spectral region around 2800 Å along a 200″ slit at three locations on the solar disk, achieving the first spatially and spectrally resolved observations of the solar polarization in this near-ultraviolet region. The focus of the work presented here is the center-to-limb variation of the linear polarization across these resonance lines, which is produced by the scattering of anisotropic radiation in the solar atmosphere. The linear polarization signals of the Mg ii
h and k lines are sensitive to the magnetic field from the low to the upper chromosphere through the Hanle and magneto-optical effects. We compare the observations to theoretical predictions from radiative transfer calculations in unmagnetized semiempirical models, arguing that magnetic fields and horizontal inhomogeneities are needed to explain the observed polarization signals and spatial variations. This comparison is an important step in both validating and refining our understanding of the physical origin of these polarization signatures, and also in paving the way toward future space telescopes for probing the magnetic fields of the solar upper atmosphere via ultraviolet spectropolarimetry.
Dark Matter Admixed Neutron Star Properties in the Light of X-Ray Pulse Profile Observations
Authors: Miao Zhiqiang , Zhu Yaofeng , Li Ang , Huang Feng
Published: August 2022

The distribution of the dark matter (DM) in DM-admixed neutron stars (DANSs) is supposed to result in either a dense dark core or an extended dark halo, subject to the DM fraction of the DANS (f

χ
) and the DM properties, such as the mass (m

χ
) and the strength of the self-interaction (y). In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of the formation criterion for dark cores/dark halos, and point out that the relative distribution of these two components is essentially determined by the ratio of the central enthalpy of the DM component to that of the baryonic matter component inside the DANSs. For the critical case where the radii of the DM and the baryonic matter are the same, we further derive an analytical formula to describe the dependence of

f

χ

crit

on m

χ
and y for a given DANS mass. The relative distribution of the two components in DANSs can lead to different observational effects. We here focus on the modification of the pulsar pulse profile, due to the extra light-bending effect in the case of a dark halo existence, and conduct the first investigation into the dark halo effects on the pulse profile. We find that the peak flux deviation is strongly dependent on the ratio of the halo mass to the radius of the DM component. Last, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation on the DM particle properties, based on the recent X-ray observations of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer.
On the Impact of Relativistic Gravity on the Rate of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Nixon C. J.
Published: August 2022

The tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes (SMBHs) probes relativistic gravity. In the coming decade, the number of observed tidal disruption events (TDEs) will grow by several orders of magnitude, allowing statistical inferences of the properties of the SMBH and stellar populations. Here we analyze the probability distribution functions of the pericenter distances of stars that encounter an SMBH in the Schwarzschild geometry, where the results are completely analytic, and the Kerr metric. From this analysis we calculate the number of observable TDEs, defined to be those that come within the tidal radius r
t but outside the direct capture radius (which is, in general, larger than the horizon radius). We find that relativistic effects result in a steep decline in the number of stars that have pericenter distances r
p ≲ 10 r
g, where r
g = GM/c
2, and that for maximally spinning SMBHs the distribution function of r
p at such distances scales as

f

r

p

∝

r

p

4

/

3

, or in terms of β ≡ r
t/r
p scales as f

β
∝ β
−10/3. We find that spin has little effect on the TDE fraction until the very-high-mass end, where instead of being identically zero the rate is small (≲1% of the expected rate in the absence of relativistic effects). Effectively independent of spin, if the progenitors of TDEs reflect the predominantly low-mass stellar population and thus have masses ≲1M
⊙, we expect a substantial reduction in the rate of TDEs above 107
M
⊙.
The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey. XI. Stellar Mass Fractions and Luminosity Functions of MaDCoWS Clusters at z ∼ 1
Authors: Decker Bandon , Brodwin Mark , Saha Ripon , Connor Thomas , Eisenhardt Peter R. M. , Gonzalez Anthony H. , Moravec Emily , Muhibullah Mustafa , Stanford S. Adam , Stern Daniel , Thongkham Khunanon , Wylezalek Dominika , Dicker Simon R. , Mason Brian , Mroczkowski Tony , Romero Charles E. , Ruppin Florian
Published: August 2022

We present stellar mass fractions and composite luminosity functions (LFs) for a sample of 12 clusters from the Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey (MaDCoWS) in the redshift range 0.951 ≤ z ≤ 1.43. Using spectral energy distribution fitting of optical and deep mid-infrared photometry, we establish the membership of objects along the lines of sight to these clusters and calculate the stellar masses of member galaxies. This allows us to calculate the stellar mass of the clusters much more precisely than in previous works. We find stellar mass fractions for these clusters largely consistent with previous works, and an apparent negative correlation with total cluster mass. We measure a composite 3.6 μm LF down to m* + 2.5 for all 12 clusters. Fitting a Schechter function to the LF, we find a characteristic 3.6 μm magnitude of m* = 19.83 ± 0.12 and faint-end slope of α = −0.81 ± 0.10 for the full sample at a mean redshift of

z

¯

=
1.18

. We also divide the clusters into high- and low-redshift bins at

z

¯

=
1.29

and

z

¯

=
1.06

, respectively, and measure a composite LF for each bin. We see a small, but statistically significant, evolution in m* and α—consistent with passive evolution—when we study the joint fit to the two parameters, which is probing the evolution of faint cluster galaxies at z ∼ 1. This highlights the importance of deep IR data in studying the evolution of cluster galaxy populations at high redshift.
Widespread Detection of Two Components in the Hot Circumgalactic Medium of the Milky Way
Authors: Bluem Jesse , Kaaret Philip , Kuntz K. D. , Jahoda Keith M. , Koutroumpa Dimitra , Hodges-Kluck Edmund J. , Fuller Chase A. , LaRocca Daniel M. , Zajczyk Anna
Published: August 2022

Surrounding the Milky Way (MW) is the circumgalactic medium (CGM), an extended reservoir of hot gas that has significant implications for the evolution of the MW. We used the HaloSat all-sky survey to study the CGM’s soft X-ray emission in order to better define its distribution and structure. We extend a previous HaloSat study of the southern CGM (Galactic latitude b < −30°) to include the northern CGM (b > 30°) and find evidence that at least two hot gas model components at different temperatures are required to produce the observed emission. The cooler component has a typical temperature of kT ∼0.18 keV, while the hotter component has a typical temperature of kT ∼0.7 keV. The emission measure in both the warm and hot components has a wide range (∼0.005–0.03, and ∼0.0005–0.004 cm−6 pc, respectively), indicating that the CGM is clumpy. A patch of relatively consistent CGM was found in the north, allowing for the CGM spectrum to be studied in finer detail using a stacked spectrum. The stacked spectrum is well described with a model including two hot gas components at temperatures of kT = 0.166 ± 0.005 keV and kT =

0.69

−
0.05

+
0.04

keV. As an alternative to adding a hot component, a neon-enhanced single-temperature model of the CGM was also tested and found to have worse fit statistics and poor residuals.
A rare case of Watson syndrome
Authors: Sabzi Feridoun , Heydari Aghigh , Heidari Moghaddam Reza , Rouzbahani Mohammad , Asadmobini Atefeh
Published: August 2022

Watson for the first time reported a case series of children in a family that presented with pulmonary valve stenosis, mental retardation, short stature, and small brown color skin lesions that are known as cafe-au-lait spots. We present a rare new variant of the syndrome in an adult patient with severe pulmonary valve stenosis, main, left, and right pulmonary artery aneurysm, short stature, mental retardation, coronary artery disease, and skin lesions. The patient underwent open cardiac surgery with pulmonary valvotomy and aneurysmorrhaphy of the main pulmonary artery and its right and left branches. The postoperative course was uneventful and the six-month follow-up with transthoracic echocardiography revealed no recurrence of aneurysm of repairing pulmonary arteries and good clinical outcome of the patient. Our patient had a unique characteristic of aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery and its both branches that has rarely been reported previously in the medical literature.
Illuminating biodiversity changes in the ‘Black Box’
Authors: Phillips Helen , Cameron Erin , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: August 2022

Soil is often described as a ‘black box’, as surprisingly little is known about the high levels of biodiversity that reside there. For aboveground organisms, we have good knowledge of the distribution of the species and how they might change under future human impacts. Yet despite the fact that soil organisms provide a wide variety of ecosystem functions, we have very limited knowledge of their distribution and how their diversity might change in the future. In order to create accurate and generalisable models of biodiversity, the underlying data need to be representative of the entire globe. Yet even with our recently compiled global earthworm dataset of over 11000 sites, there are gaps across large regions. These gaps are consistent across many other datasets of both above- and belowground diversity. In order to fill the gaps we propose a sampling network (SoilFaUNa), to create a comprehensive database of soil macrofauna diversity and soil functions (e.g. decomposition rates). Building on the existing dataset of earthworm diversity and early data from the SoilFaUNa project, we will investigate changes in earthworm diversity. From our current work, we know that both climate and land use are main drivers in predicting earthworm diversity, but both will change under future scenarios and may alter ecosystem functions. We will, using space-for-time substitution models, estimate how earthworm diversity and their functions might change in the future, modelling earthworm diversity as a function of climate, land use and soil properties and predicting based on future scenarios. Previous studies of aboveground diversity changes over time using time-series analysis have found no-net-loss in richness, but analyses have criticisms. We aim to use time-series data on earthworms to move this debate forward, by using data and statistical methods that would address the criticisms, whilst increasing our knowledge on this understudied soil group. Field experiments and micro-/mesocosm experiments have been used to investigate the link between a number of soil organisms and ecosystem functions under few environmental conditions. Meta-analyses, which can produce generalisable results can only answer questions for which there are data. Thus, we have been lacking on information on the link between the entire community of soil fauna and ecosystem functions and impact of changes to the soil fauna community across environmental contexts. Using data collected from the SoilFaUNa project, we will, for the first time, synthesise globally distributed specifically-sampled data to model how changes in the community composition of soil macrofauna (due to changes in land use, climate or soil properties) impact the ecosystem functions in the soil.
Recovery Ecosystems: A Whole Health Approach to Substance Use Prevention and Treatment
Authors: Mumba Mercy Ngosa , Mugoya George T.
Published: August 2022

A
recovery ecosystem
is an evidence-based approach that creates the environment that individuals and families need by providing all the necessary tools, services, and supports for recovery to occur. Several models have been proposed in the literature, including the recovery-oriented systems of care model and Recovery Ready Ecosystems Model. A major concern with previous models is lack of focus on how the individual with substance use disorder (SUD) is a partner in the recovery process and interacts with the recovery ecosystem to optimize recovery wrap-around services and supports. Therefore, we propose the SUD Holistic Recovery Ecosystem Model (HREM), which uses a whole health approach to substance use prevention and treatment and builds on prior work by other researchers. The HREM has four domains: health support, social welfare support, occupational support, and legal and legislative support. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60
(9), 10–14.]
Environmental impact of past Hg mining activities in the Monte Amiata district, Italy: A summary of recent studies
Authors: Nannoni Alessia , Meloni Federica , Benvenuti Marco , Cabassi Jacopo , Ciani Francesco , Costagliola Pilario , Fornasaro Silvia , Lattanzi Pierfranco , Lazzaroni Marta , Nisi Barbara , Morelli Guia , Rimondi Valentina , Vaselli Orlando
Published: August 2022

The environmental impact of mining and smelting in the world-class Monte Amiata mercury (Hg) ore field has long been studied, before and after the final closure in 1982. A first summary was presented in 2015. With this contribution, we review the studies conducted in the last eight years. The most significant results include ⅰ) Hg-isotope characterization of primary ore (cinnabar), smelting waste (calcines), soil, fish and stream sediments; ⅱ) analysis of the interplay between geomorphological evolution, fluvial dynamics and Hg distribution in the Paglia River catchment, which drains the main mining areas; ⅲ) an improved quantification of the Hg loads discharged to the Mediterranean Sea; ⅳ) the use of biomonitors to reveal the dispersion of Hg; ⅴ) new detailed surveys, including innovative techniques, of Hg distribution in air; ⅵ) specific investigations to support the ongoing reclamation at Abbadia San Salvatore, the main mining and smelting center of the district, and ⅶ) the assessment of the variability of Hg distribution in air, water and soil from the reclaimed Siele mine. Despite these progresses, there are further steps to be conducted to achieve optimal management of the wide contamination evidenced in this district. It is now fully clear that the diffuse character of contamination results in unfeasible hypotheses for total remediation. Therefore, the goal is that of a sustainable coexistence between contamination and human activities. This goal may involve the following activities: a) implementation of GIS-based contamination maps as a direct operational instrument for local authorities to tune up specific limitations and regulations of human activities (e.g., fishing, instream quarrying and wildfire management); b) mitigation measures such as increasing the vegetal cover of river banks to limit erosion and runoff, and c) continuous monitoring of air, water and soil contamination, including transfer to the food chain.
Dynamics of toxoplasmosis in the cat's population with an exposed stage and a time delay
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , González-Parra Gilberto , Arenas Abraham J.
Published: August 2022

We propose a new mathematical model to investigate the effect of the introduction of an exposed stage for the cats who become infected with the T. gondii parasite, but that are not still able to produce oocysts in the environment. The model considers a time delay in order to represent the duration of the exposed stage. Besides the cat population the model also includes the oocysts related to the T. gondii in the environment. The model includes the cats since they are the only definitive host and the oocysts, since they are relevant to the dynamics of toxoplasmosis. The model considers lifelong immunity for the recovered cats and vaccinated cats. In addition, the model considers that cats can get infected through an effective contact with the oocysts in the environment. We find conditions such that the toxoplasmosis disease becomes extinct. We analyze the consequences of considering the exposed stage and the time delay on the stability of the equilibrium points. We numerically solve the constructed model and corroborated the theoretical results.