bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Global Scenario on Phytoplasmal Diseases in Palms
Authors: Hegde Vinayaka , Babu Merin , Josephrajkumar A.
Published: August 2022

Worldwide phytoplasma diseases pose great threat to the sustainability of the palm family members viz., coconut, arecanut, date palm, oil palm and ornamental palms causing setbacks in economic and livelihood security. So far, at least eight Candidatus Phytoplasma species belonging to different 16Sr groups have been reported to be associated with coconut. This includes Ca. P. asteris (lethal wilt disease in India; 16Sr IB), Ca. P. oryzae (Coconut root (wilt) disease in India, Weligama leaf wilt disease in Sri Lanka; 16Sr XIB), Ca. P. cynodontis (Coconut yellow decline in Malaysia; 16Sr XIV), Ca. P. malaysianum (Malayan yellow dwarf phytoplasma in Malaysia; 16Sr XXXIIB), Ca. P. palmicola (Cape St. Paul wilt in Ghana, Awka wilt in Nigeria; 16Sr XXIIB), Ca. P. cocostanzaniae (lethal yellowing in East Africa; 16Sr IVC), Ca. P. noviguineense (Coconut bogia syndrome in Papua new Guinea) and Ca. P. palmae (Coconut lethal yellowing in Americas and Caribbean region; 16Sr IVA,B,E). Though there are several reports on insects transmitting coconut phytoplasmal diseases, except for LY in Florida and RWD in India, the vectors remain elusive. Susceptibility of date palms to phytoplasmal diseases viz., lethal yellowing, Alwijam, White Tip Dieback (WTD) and Slow Decline (SD) or El Arkish’ are emerging concerns in Arabian countries and North Africa. Oil palm is a potential host of diverse groups (16SrI, 16SrXI, 16Sr XIV and 16SrXXXII) of phytoplasma in many parts of the world. Yellow leaf disease caused by 16SrI, 16SrXI and16SrXIV group phytoplasmas is one of the major diseases limiting the productivity of arecanut in south India. Many ornamental palm species harbour a wide array of phytoplasma groups that could serve as an intermediary mode of transmission to cultivated palms. Large scale movement of ornamental palms through international trade warrants the need for strengthening the international quarantine networks and bio-security measures to contain the spread of these phytopathogenic mollicutes. Despite rapid progress accomplished in taxonomy using molecular approaches many palm phytoplasma isolates are yet to be characterized for the assignment of specific taxonomic status. Due to its confinement to phloem, non-uniform distribution and sub-minimal titres in palms, molecular detection is many atimes intriguing. Palm-phytoplasmal interaction and transmission mechanism by auchenorrhynchan fauna are poorly understood. As a victim of climate change, phytoplasma diseases in synergy with survival superiority of insect vectors are extremely challenging to comprehend and evolve effective suppression mechanism. Management approaches involving surveillance, eradication and containment of the disease in newly emerging areas along with resistance breeding to ensure sustainable income to the farmers are discussed in this chapter.
New Record of a Mosquito Aedes mcintoshi (Huang) from India
Authors: Santhosh Goud  , Pattnaik Subasini , Biswal Ipsita , Seth Jaya Kishor , Hazra Rupenangshu Kumar , Panda Barsa Baisalini , Poopathi Subbiah , Bharathi Annadurai
Published: August 2022

This study reports Aedes mcintoshi (Huang, 1985) for the first time from India. It was collected from Berhampur University Campus, District Ganjam, Odisha, India. This species is considered to have medical importance, as it can carry pathogens like viruses and protozoans and can act as a potential vector. Therefore, the present finding of this species will provide baseline information to understand its zoogeography, biology, and pathogenicity related to this mosquito.
Evaluation of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Peregrinus Maidis (Ashmead)
Authors: D Saicharan  , Karabhantanal S S
Published: August 2022

The present study to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi for the management of sorghum shoot bug, Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) revealed that, among the entomopathogens applied in various methods (foliar spray and whorl application along with FYM), Raichur strain (UASR BC VL 1) of Lecanicillium lecani (2×108CFU) @ 2g/l directed to whorl region excelled in reducing shoot bug population (5.49/plant), % plant damage (58.62%) and superior plant growth parameters over all other EPF (Entomopathogenic fungi) treatments which was on par results with standard check, cypermethrin 25% EC @ 0.50ml/lit directed to whorl region (5.78/plant & 65.46%). Whereas, all the EPF treatments and untreated control showed superiority in conserving the natural enemy population (spiders and coccinellids) but standard check due to its chemical properties led to the reduction in the beneficial insects with lowest spider (0.54/plant) and coccinellid (0.87/plant) population.
Parasites of Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee from Manipur
Authors: Sushmita Thokchom  , Gupta Ankita , Akoijam Romila , Devee Anjumoni
Published: August 2022

Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a serious pest of brinjal. During the field observations, a solitary larval parasitoid of L. orbonalis viz., Trathala flavoorbitalis (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was osberved. The present study reports larval parasitism of L. orbonalis with 6% field parasitism by T. flavoorbitalis in Manipur.
Composition of Mosquito Species in Three Selected Villages in Mahabubnagar District, Telangana
Authors: Shekhar Mandla  , Illendula Suryakala
Published: August 2022

Mosquito prevalence was studied in three areas of Mahabubnagar district of Telangana viz. Mannanur,Janampeta, B Veerapur. Mosquito sampling was done in three selected villages in Mahabubnagar districtin all seasons from 2014-2016. Density, Distribution and habitat preferences are studied for three years2014- 2016. A total of 1787 mosquitoes were collected. Identification was done using identification keysof Christophers (1933) and Barraud (1934). Three genera Culex, Aedes and Anopheles were observed.Anopheles contributes 44%, Culex 39% and Aedes contributes 17%. Culex quinquefasciatus is predominantspecies (16%), while Aedes albopictus (15%) and Culex gelidus (15%) occupy the second place. Anophelesculicifacies contributes 12%, while Culex tritaeniorhynchus (8%) and Anopheles vagus (8%) contributeequally. Anopheles subpictus (7%), and Anopheles stephensi (7%) contributed equally, while Aedes aegyptiis with only 5%. Human dwellings inhabit 50% due to breeding sites; cattle shed have 25%, and rainwater ditch have very less, as these are available only in monsoons. Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. gelidus werefound in all habitats, while An. subpictus, An. stephensi, An. culicifacies, Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus werefound in some of the habitats.
Sucking Pests and their Natural Enemies in Mulberry
Authors: Nilutpal Saikia  , Dutta Roshmi Borah
Published: August 2022

During 2018-2019, a study was conducted to study the sucking pests and their natural enemies in mulberry at the Regional Sericulture Research Station, Central Silk Board, Jamuguri, Jorhat, Govt. Sericulture Farm, Titabar and Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat. Five species of sucking pests were prevalent in various mulberry growing areas of the Jorhat district of Assam. Paracoccus marginatus was the most common of these; others include- Maconellicoccus hirsutus, Pseudodendothrips mori, P. marginatus, Aleurodicus dispersus, Clovia puncta. Three coccinellid predators Coccinella septempunctata, Coccinella transversalis and Micraspis discolor, as well as one species of lepidopteran predator Spalgis epius were found to associated with P. marginatus. and of these S. epius was the most abundant.
Predicting Avian Diversity with Geospatial Technologies
Authors: Kler Tejdeep Kaur , Hora Hasneet Kaur , Sood Anil , Kumari Prabha
Published: August 2022

Rapid urbanization accompanied by land use changes is affecting biodiversity worldwide specifically avian diversity. In the present study, the interactions of avian diversity with vegetation area were evaluated using geospatial technologies at different locations of Ludhiana city from April 2019 to March 2020. Integration of observations was done to analyze the avian diversity in relation to habitat components. Bird surveys conducted have recorded 46 bird species. There were 44 tree and 14 shrub species recorded, with vegetation and buildup area being the key determinants of diversity. Urban locations with balanced buildup area and vegetation were observed to support bird species diversity.
Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect Pests of Sesame
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Sharma M L , Naveen
Published: August 2022

This study explores the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of sesame at the Entomology Research Farm of the College of Agriculture, RVSKVV, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh during kharif, 2019. The results revealed that- among the sucking pests, the incidence of leafhopper Orosius albicinctus exhibited a positive and significant correlation with evening relative humidity (RH) and rainfall; and with evaporation it was significantly negative. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci did not show any significant correlation with weather factors. Of the other major pests, incidence of horned caterpillar Acherontia styx was observed to be significantly positively correlated with rainfall, evening RH and minimum temperature whereas it was a significant negative one with evaporation. With leafroller and capsule borer Antigastra catalaunalis it was a significant positive correlation with morning/ evening RH and rainfall, and a significant negative one with evaporation. Pod damage by A. catalaunalis was significantly negatively correlated with maximum and minimum temperature. The mirid Nesidiocoris tenuis showed a positive correlation with morning RH, and a significantly negative one with maximum temperature and evaporation. The incidence of gall fly Asphondylia sesami revealed a significant positive correlation with morning RH, while it was a significant negative one with evaporation and maximum temperature.
Report of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda From Bundelkhand Region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Pandey Rakesh , Singh A K , Mishra M K , Singh B K , Singh S K
Published: August 2022

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) is spreading throughout maize growing tracts of India. In the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh this pest was noticed in Banda district during 2020. The maize crop was badly affected in the region and even harvesting could not be possible because of the heavy toll caused by the FAW larvae in production of cobs. Finger millet and groundnut were other crops which were severely affected.
A Study to Develop a Health Self-Efficacy Scale
Authors: Yilmaz Mirac , Cakirlar-Altuntas Esra
Published: August 2022

Health self-efficacy (HS), defined as the belief of being able to take actions necessary to be healthy, is crucial for improving individuals’ health-related behaviors. That is why there is a need for a valid and reliable scale to measure people’s level of HS. This study aims to develop a scale that enables the measurement of HS of individuals. This is a study for developing a scale that uses the survey methodology. Data obtained from two different sample groups have been evaluated through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Through the factor analysis carried out to put forward the framework of the scale, we determined that the HS comes under nine categories, and that 81.4% of HS is explored. We have examined the 9-factor framework of the “Health Self-Efficacy Scale” (HSS) that was developed through confirmatory factor analysis, observing that its fit indices are acceptable and the HS framework is confirmed. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the scale is .93 and its sub-dimensions are between .85 - .96. The HSS, consisting of 36 items and providing data regarding the beliefs of individuals that they can manage to fulfill health-related practices, is a valid and reliable tool of measurement
Zinc Deficiency as Predictor of COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review
Authors: Widowati Ayu Rizky , Sutrisno Sutrisno
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Despite the fact that zinc deficiency is asymptomatic, its incidence is rising over the world, with no visible clinical manifestation. Mineral and vitamin supplementation to prevent the inflammatory response is a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Zinc may play a role in the development of a stronger immunological response. Nonetheless, there is insufficient information to investigate the benefits of zinc on its own. The impact of zinc deficiency on the severity of COVID-19 infection will be discussed in this systematic study.

Material and Methods: We used the search phrases "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" and "Zinc Deficiency" to look for publications published between 2020 and April 2021 in scholar google, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Proquest. All of the information was examined qualitatively.

Results: There are three papers that discuss the benefits of zinc and indicate that zinc deficiency has a key influence in the severity of COVID-19. According to one study, there is no link between zinc deficiency and COVID-19 severity.

Conclusions: COVID-19 infection is linked to low zinc levels in the blood. It may become a risk factor for COVID-19 severity or a contributing factor that goes unnoticed in regular practice. Zinc supplementation or zinc baseline serum may play a role in determining potential daily supplementation and treatment for patients at risk of zinc insufficiency in the COVID-19 group in RCT and better design studies.
Effectiveness of Hepatitis B Vaccination on Various Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sulistina Dewi Ratna
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Hepatitis B vaccination is important to protect individuals from Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the necessity of Hepatitis B vaccination among humans, especially among infants, children, teenagers, adults, risk groups, and health care workers.
Methods: Three databases were used in this study, Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. We reported the study using PRISMA-P guidelines. The keywords were used in this study (TITLE-ABS-KEY (vaccine) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (hepatitis AND b) AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (boost)), and we obtained 275 articles. In the web of science, we used ((ALL=(vaccine)) AND ALL= (Hepatitis B)) AND ALL=(Boost), and we obtained 374 articles. In the PubMed, we used ((Vaccine [MeSH Terms]) AND (Hepatitis b [MeSH Terms])) AND (booster immunization [MeSH Terms]), and we obtained 417 articles.
Results: There were 60 articles included in this systematic review. The systematic review results showed that infants, children, and teenagers, as well as adult groups who receive the hepatitis B vaccine, can protect for 5-30 years. Meanwhile, risk group and health care workers were suggested to obtain hepatitis B vaccine booster with low anti-HBsAg titer
Conclusion: It needs to conduct anti-HBs Ag titer testing to decide whether they need a hepatitis B vaccination booster. Hepatitis B vaccine booster required for the group with anti-HBs Ag titer less than 10 mIU/mL.
Mechanical properties and ionic conductivity of biodegradable materials in solid polymer electrolyte
Authors: AWANG Fatin Farhana , HASSAN Mohd Faiz , KAMARUDIN Khadijah Hilmun
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn starch-sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) were investigated. The SPE film based on corn starch was doped with different weight percentages (wt%) of NaHSO3 and prepared using a solution casting method. The SPE was tested by using the Tensile Analyzer to determine the tensile strength and Young’s modulus value. The presence of 5 wt% of NaHSO3 content within the corn starch matrix increased the mechanical properties of SPE film from 0.26 MPa to 2.11 MPa of tensile strength while Young’s modulus enlarged from 1.6  10-2 up to 2.6  10-2 MPa. There was found that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus values tended to decrease with the addition of NaHSO3 more than 5 wt%. This study highlighted that adding NaHSO3 not only improved the ionic conductivity but also changed the mechanical properties of the film itself and it is believed that these properties had the potential and beneficial not only in advanced electronic applications but also in the packaging industry.
Investigation of deposition parameters on the structural properties and hardness of TiAlN films deposited via reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputteringInvestigation of deposition parameters on structural properties and hardness of TiAlN films deposited by reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: RUKKUN Jariyaporn , AIEMPANAKIT Kamon , REAKAUKOT Pimchanok , WONGPISAN Witthawat , WAREE Kirati , AIEMPANAKIT Montri
Published: August 2022

In this work, titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN) films were deposited on a silicon substrate via reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. The effect of deposition parameters such as nitrogen gas flow rate, substrate temperature, and bias voltage on the structural and mechanical properties of TiAlN films was investigated. The crystal structure, morphology, and hardness of TiAlN films were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, and nanoindentation. An improved crystallinity of TiAlN films was obtained by varying the substrate temperature and bias voltage. The morphology of the TiAlN film exhibited a columnar structure, and the morphology gradually changed with the increase in bias voltage. The films thickness decreased upon increasing the nitrogen gas flow rate, substrate temperature, and bias voltage. In addition, the hardness of the TiAlN film was enhanced by adjusting the nitrogen gas flow rate, substrate temperature, and bias voltage, and a suitable elemental component ratio was obtained. A maximum hardness of approximately 28.9 GPa was obtained for the TiAlN film with a nitrogen gas flow rate of 4 sccm, substrate temperature of 500ºC, bias voltage of 100 V, and an elemental composition Al/(Al + Ti) of approximately 34.35%.
Facile purification of locally mined gypsum and its use for preparing nano-hemihydrates
Authors: ADAMS Luqman Ayodeji , Essien Enobong , Aiyeloro Taiwo , Oseyomon Stella , Makanjuola John
Published: August 2022

Gypsum has a wide range of applications, in interior decorations, building construction, supplements or implants in orthopaedics to mention a few. However, in many developing countries including Nigeria, there is still a large-scale importation despite huge available natural deposits. In this study, a facile method to purify locally-mined gypsum has been explored based on the mineral retrograde solubility in water. The purified gypsum was investigated for its elemental composition in comparison to the crude sample and a commercially obtained medical-grade gypsum using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results showed that the purified gypsum contained 94.05% CaSO4 compared with the crude which had a CaSO4 content of 58.10%. Hemihydrates obtained by the treatments of the purified gypsum in an oven, autoclave and microwave gave different morphologies when observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that particle sizes of all the hemihydrates were within the range 9 nm to 32 nm, but the microwave-derived sample exhibited the most desirable morphological characteristics which could impart high mechanical performance. We have reported here a new facile method for purifying gypsum ore that can have huge commercial benefits.
Bacteriological quality of Mirik lake waters, Darjeeling district, West Bengal
Authors: Sharma B C , Rai B , Kalikotay S , Tamang B , Rai R
Published: August 2022

A study was conducted on Mirik Lake to assess the bacteriological quality of the lake water during the period of March 2009 through February 2010. Water samples were collected from five different sites of the lake and analysed for bacteriological study to enumerate the seasonal distribution of total bacterial count, total coliform, faecal coliform bacteria and faecal streptococci. Total heterotrophic bacterial count per 100 ml (cfu/100 ml) was found to be 0.2x106-0.3x106 in monsoon, 1.0 x 106-6.7 x106 in summer and 4.75 x 106 - 10 x 106 in winter. The range of total coliform was observed to be 1100 - 1750 / 100 ml, 1100 - 2400/ 100 ml and 1750 - 2400 /100 ml in winter, summer and monsoon seasons, respectively. Faecal coliform was recorded to be 49 - 1245 / 100 ml in winter, 1320 - 2400 /100 in summer and 780 - 2400 / 100 ml in monsoon. The range of faecal streptococci was found to be 43-125 /100 ml in winter, 87-1100/100 ml in summer and 87 - 1340 /100 ml in monsoon. The study indicated that the lake water was polluted by faecal contaminants of human origin to the extent that water was unsafe to be used for domestic as well as recreational purposes, also the total bacterial load exceeded the standard prescribed level (WHO, 1983) and both parameters showed variation according to the sampling sites and season.
A homology model of 16s rRNA tertiary structure of Frankia
Authors: Saha S , Sur S , Bothra A K , Sen Arnab
Published: August 2022

Tertiary structure determination of biomolecule is important for knowing their function. Although different experimental prediction methods are present computational approach has an important role. Frankia sp., is a nitrogen fixing bacterium promoting soil fertility.16S ribosomal nucleic acid molecule is not only important as a molecular signature for classification and identification of organisms but has a great impact on protein synthesis. Here we have developed 3D structure of 16S rRNA of three different strains of Frankia viz Frankia sp. strain HFPCc13, Frankia alni strain ACN14a and Frankia sp. strain EAN1pec through knowledge based coarsed to atomic approach. The occurrence of tertiary structural motifs like C- loop. E-loop. GNRA tetraloop, hook-turn, sarcin-ricin motif, K-turn, reverse K-turn were examined. The presence of such sort of motif stabilizes the complexed RNA structures through their Watson-Crick, Non- Watson Crick, tandem sheared stacking packages. Among them E-loop, K-turn, sarcin-ricin motif have significant functional importance for transporting the biomolecules, RNA-protein interaction, RNA-RNA interaction/RNA-drug interaction accordingly.
Antioxidative responses of mandarin plants to water stress
Authors: Allay Sanjita , Lama Rohini , Chakraborty Usha , Chakraborty Biswanath
Published: August 2022

Citrus reticulata grows in warm climatic conditions. Stresses such as water logging, drought, soil acidity, unbalanced nutrition and pathogenic infestation lead to root injury resulting in citrus tree decline and therefore huge economic losses. In order to determine the effect of flooding and drought on mandarin plants, mandarin plants were subjected to water logging condition in the field and in pots for drought condition. Biochemical and morphological changes induced by water logging and drought conditions were determined. The plants showed slight wilting and leaf dropping by the third day of flooding whereas in drought the leaves curled up, became crisp and later dried out. Marked changes in antioxidative enzymes such as peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was observed during stress in comparison to control plants. Antioxidative activity was seen to be more in the leaves than in the roots. Among the antioxidants carotenoid content showed a significant decrease during the flood stress but increased in drought stress. An increase in ascorbate content was observed during stress in comparison to the control. From this study, we can conclude that water stress causes adjustment of antioxidant balance in mandarin plants.
Personal Characteristics of Bihari Migrants:Some Impressions
Authors: Verma Jyoti
Published: August 2022

This paper is part of a major project on ‘Bihari migrants in Mumbai’ whose sample comprised 152 male Bihari migrants and 155 local people of Mumbai. The paper’s observations are based on the migrants’ ‘self-ratings’ of 36 personal attributes associated with the Bihari people and, the ratings of these attributes by the local people of Mumbai. The rating scores were factor analysed for studying the factors of the migrants’ ‘self-perception,’ local people’s ‘perception,’ and the common factors of the migrants’ overall personal characteristics extracted through a combined sample score. The results showed that the migrants mainly ‘self-categorized’ themselves significantly highly on positive attributes, while the local people on the negative ones. Despite whose ratings were used, the factor analysis results suggested two prominent strands in the Bihari people’s overall image. One was positive and seemingly represented the core feature of the Bihari people. It described the migrants as, simple, modest and sensitive towards others’ feelings.The other aspect was negative and described the migrants as law breakers and quarrelsome in case of the migrant’s own self-perception, dishonest and law breakers according to the combined sample factor and law breakers and untrustworthy as regards to the Marathi people’s perception. Some anomalies were also observed in the configuration of the factors extracted from the rating scores of different instances (i.e., migrants’ self-ratings, local people’s perception-based ratings, and the combined sample scores).
TRANSLATION ANALYSIS ON ENGLISH COPULAR CLAUSES INTO INDONESIAN IN MARY SHELLEY’S NOVEL: “FRANKENSTEIN”
Authors: Firstiyanti Aulia
Published: August 2022

This is a research on how English copular clauses in a science fiction novel are translated into Indonesian. The first problem of this research is what kinds of English copular clauses are used, and the second is what kinds of Indonesian clauses are employed in translating them. The researcher chooses the topic since there is no formal correspondence of English copular clauses in Indonesian.

The purposes of this research are to classify the English copular clauses in composing this novel and to identify the kinds of Indonesian clauses employed by the translator. The data are taken from a science fiction novel entitled Frankenstein and its translation in Indonesian entitled Frankenstein as well.

The findings of this research are that dominantly the predicational clause is used by the author to write this novel; the percentage of predicational clauses is 66%. The next finding is that the translator used two categories of Indonesian clauses. They are verb clauses and noun clauses; the percentage of verb clauses is 90%; on the other hand, and the percentage of noun clauses is 10%.

Keywords: translation, clauses, English copular clauses
CATEGORY SHIFTS ANALYSIS IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE TALES OF BEEDLE THE BARD
Authors: Sabrina Adani Nur
Published: August 2022

In the process of translation, numerous challenges oftentimes emerge due to the differences between the source language and the target language. For each difficulty, there are various translation theories and strategies that can be applied to address them. This research focuses on one of the strategies, namely category shifts as proposed by Catford (1965). The sources of the data used are J.K. Rowling’s The Tales of Beedle the Bard (2008) and its Indonesian translation, Kisah-Kisah Beedle Si Juru Cerita (2009). This research aims to find category shifts in the translation and how they are implemented. The method used in conducting the research is descriptive qualitative and the data are chosen randomly. The result of the research shows that the translation uses all kinds of category shifts with a total of 131 data, which include 33 structure-shifts, 32 class-shifts, 52 unit-shifts, and 14 intra-system-shifts. It is expected that this research can be used by translators as they encounter difficulties related to category shifts, or by future researchers who are willing to conduct similar research.
Quantum Learning pada Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Studi atas Buku Edutainment Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Sofyan Ahmad , Murdianingsih Siti
Published: August 2022

Quantum Learning is Learning in the form of tips, instructions, strategies and the whole learning process that can sharpen understanding and memory, and make learning as a fun and useful process, quantum learning can be said as a learning model that emphasizes to provide meaningful benefits and also emphasizes on the level of enjoyment of students.

Learning activities in Early Childhood is an activity that seeks to integrate students in an integrated manner by taking into account the learning environment factors, student characteristics, characteristics of the study area and various learning strategies, both delivery, management and organization of learning.

In the Edutainment book of Early Childhood Education there are various types of edutainment models that can be applied to early childhood. One of them is by playing and singing. Playing is very important for early childhood becausetheirtime is a period or age of play. There is no reason not to consider playing activities as learning activities.

There are three reasons that underlie the emergence of the concept ofedutainment:

This positive feeling (happy / happy) will accelerate learning, while negative feelings such as sadness, fear, threatened, and feeling unable to slow down will slow down the learning process or even stop altogether.

If someone is able to use his potential reasoning and emotions accurately,then it will make a jump in learning achievements that were not unexpected.

If every learner can be motivated appropriately and taught in a way that respects their learning style and modality, then they will all be able to achieve optimal learning outcomes.

 

 

Keyword : Quantum Learning, Early Childhood Education, Childhood Education Edutainment Book
EFFICACY OF REPLACING FISH MEAL WITH EARTHWORM (Eudrilus euguniea) MEAL ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF AFRICAN CATFISH FINGERLINGS (Clarias gariepinus, BURCHEL 1822)
Authors: Z B MOHAMMED , K G MODU , H M UMAR , U USMAN , H M SHETTIMA
Published: August 2022

The efficacy of earthworm (Eudrilus euguniea) meal on growth and survival of African catfish fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) was carried out in Maiduguri with the aim of producing substantial amount of the earthworm to replace fish meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus for growth and survival. Earthworms were produced using mixture of animal dung (cow, sheep and rabbit) by introducing 100 unsexed adults on 5kg of the animal dung. Fingerlings were purchased from Garbati fish farm located in Damboa road and conveyed to teaching and research fish farm university of Maiduguri where the research was conducted. Forty (40% CP) diet was formulated by replacing fish meal with earthworm at the substitution level of 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% and fed to one hundred and fifty (150) forty days old Clarias gariepinus grouped into five treatments according to the replacement level of the fish meal with the earthworm. The feeding trial lasted for 90 days. Data generated from the research were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result presented better growth Performance in fingerlings fed 0 and 50% replacement level of fish meal with earthworm. Therefore, fish meal can be replaced with earthworm in the diet of Clarias gariepinus at 50% for better growth.
Assessment of Women Local Cucumber (Ngulli) Marketers in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Authors: A A GHIDE , F T ALI , M M RABIU
Published: August 2022

The study assessed local Cucumber (Ngulli) marketing among women in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to describe the socio-economic characteristics of the women cucumber marketers, estimate the marketing margins, examine their marketing channels and constraints faced in marketing in the study area. Two stage sampling was used to select 50 respondents from the study area. Descriptive statistical tools and marketing margin analysis were the analytical tools used for the study. The results of the study revealed that all the respondents were retailers handling less than a bag of cucumber, majority (74%) within the age range of 21-40, married (80%) with Qur’anic education (76%) and had income between ₦20,000-₦50,000 (60%). The respondents bought cucumber directly from the farm gate (50%) and sell directly to consumers (90%). The results for the marketing margin revealed a margin of 25.03%. The major constraints faced were lack of financial support, seasonal scarcity of cucumber and high purchase price. The study recommends that the marketers should form cooperatives or associations in order to enjoy economies of scale such as in transportation, access to credit and bulk purchase. Also, Financial support specifically for the women marketers by the government, NGO’s and financial institutions would go a long way in increasing their scale, returns and would ease some of the problems encountered in marketing.
Assessment of Factors that Affect Market Orientation of Cassava Farmers in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: J A AKINWALE , E O OWOADE , O V SONEYE
Published: August 2022

The study examined market orientation and market information sources for cassava farmers in Osun State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents. With the use of structured questionnaire, data were collected on socioeconomic characteristics, sources of market information, specific market information available to cassava farmers, market orientation and entrepreneurial competence. Descriptive statistical tools (frequency counts, percentages, mean) and inferential statistical tool [Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (PPMC)] were used for data analysis. Results revealed that majority (73.3%) were male with mean age of 46.48 years, and 73.3% had formal education. Most (62.5%) of the farmers had high market orientation and most sought information was on post-harvest technologies. However, the cassava farmers used less of marketing websites (17.5%), extension services (27.5%), email (29.2) and social media (35.8%) as sources of market information, and sought less of agricultural extension service information (34.2%). The study concluded that selected socio-economic characteristics and entrepreneurial competences were insignificant toward market orientation in cassava production. The study recommended that market orientation efforts should be geared toward cassava producers regardless of socio-economic status and entrepreneurial competence. Also, cassava farmers association should be willing to collaborate with extension services to build Market Information System that will be suitable to fill their specific needs at becoming market-oriented in cassava production.
Integrasi TIK dan Pengembangan Kompetensi Digital Guru Prajabatan di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Lase Delipiter , Waruwu Eliyunus , Waruwu Sukaaro
Published: August 2022

Artikel ini merupakan artikel konseptual, hasil tinjauan literatur dari berbagai sumber baik cetak maupun elektronik. Bertujuan untuk menggambarkan fitur penting dari pemanfaatan teknologi digital untuk meningkatkan lembaga pendidikan. Ditujukan untuk fakultas atau pendidikan tinggi penyelenggara pendidikan dan pelatihan guru bahwa baik program pengembangan profesional untuk guru dalam jabatan dan/atau program untuk menyiapkan guru masa depan harus memberikan pengalaman yang kaya teknologi di semua aspek pendidikan dan pelatihan. Pendidikan di seluruh dunia mengalami perubahan paradigma besar dalam praktik pendidikan, pengajaran dan pembelajaran di bawah payung lingkungan belajar yang didukung TIK. Pendidikan Abad 21 secara tegas mengisyaratkan bahwa guru harus menguasai TIK. Guru sebagai garda terdepan untuk memajukan pendidikan, tidak cukup dilengkapi untuk memanfaatkan teknologi di kelas. Metode terbaik untuk menyiapkan guru untuk pengajaran berbasis TIK adalah dengan membiarkan mereka melakukannya. Mempelajari keterampilan TIK saja tidak cukup, tetapi menggunakan TIK untuk meningkatkan pengajaran dan pembelajaran adalah kunci untuk integrasi teknologi dan pedagogi. Pengalaman belajar yang didukung teknologi yang mendorong dan memungkinkan penggunaan teknologi untuk meningkatkan pembelajaran, penilaian, dan praktik pengajaran harus disediakan oleh semua lembaga yang berpartisipasi dalam penyiapan pendidik masa depan.
The Budget in the Financial Management of the SMEs Assisted by the Administrative Process as a Competitive Tool
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Cárdenaz Rafael Casas , Vargas Ofelia Barrios
Published: August 2022

The life expectancy of micro, small and medium enterprises in Mexico according to official data is 6.9 years, a worrying fact considering that they generate more than 70% of the jobs in the country, thus having important participation in their economy. This research paper has the purpose of making an analysis of strategies that contribute to the productivity and competitiveness of SMEs, which positively impacts their life cycle. For this, the adoption of better administrative practices is proposed, such as the implementation of operational and financial budgets linked to the administrative process as a means to ensure an efficient and reliable process. The above hypothesis is based on field information collected in the present investigation.
Productivity Change in Indian Manufacturing: A Comparison of Pre Reform and Post Reform Period
Authors: Dwivedi Anubhuti , Ahmad Maroof
Published: August 2022

The economic reforms were initiated in 1991 as part of the structural adjustment programme in India. It constituted of the three-pronged approach of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization to boost investment, production and productivity in the economy. This paper attempts to analyse the trend of, technical efficiency, technological change and TFP growth in the Indian manufacturing sector during 1981-82 to 2011-12. The period up to 1990-91 is considered as pre-reform while the subsequent period is regarded as post-reform. The data used in this study for calculating productivity and its various components have been sourced from the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) for the relevant years. The manufacturing sector is modelled as an industry producing a scalar output measured by the gross value added at constant prices by employing two-factor inputs namely labour and capital. Data Envelopment Analysis based Malmquist Index has been calculated to arrive at the estimates of technical efficiency, technological change and total factor productivity growth and a comparison has been made between pre-reform and post-reform period.
Role of Yoga Education in Human Development
Authors: Sarita Sarita , Richa Richa
Published: August 2022

Present study aims at investigating the relationship between yoga and human development that would ensure whether yoga education should be incorporated in educational courses. The Study is experimental in nature which has been made through organizing a yoga training camp for 30 people and assessing its outcome by differential analysis. T-test has been used to study the relationship between yoga and various aspects of human development. Results of training program showed that yoga has significant effect on various aspects of human development. Thus, study recommends that yoga education should be given to people.
The Changing Facets of Marketing: Exploring the Social Media Effect on Tourist
Authors: Gulati Shruti
Published: August 2022

Social media has taken over almost every sphere of a man's world; ranging from socialisation, to business, to networking, to marketing and the like. No industry has remained untouched by the influence of social media. In today's fast pacing world, tourism offers recluse to the modern man looking for relaxation and unwinding stress. Tourism which has been an ever-dynamic industry has witnessed transformation by the advent of social media due to the very nature of it being 'information intensive'. In the present time and era, people are tech savvy and well informed, social media offers great opportunities to both tourists and travel firms for a meaningful exchange. Comparatively cheaper, interactive and less complex mechanisms of social media marketing have made it a favourite amongst the tourism sector. This paper aims to explore how an Indian tourist feels about social media marketing activities taken by the various Tourism and Hospitality players in terms of engagement and building a relationship with the Tourism brands, the paper seeks theoretical support of the Social Exchange Theory in building a conceptual framework and testing it amongst Indian tourists. With cut throat competition from well-established travel firms to newer start-ups, marketing has become a vital component for survival, keeping consumers engaged is the best way to thrive.
Understanding Investor Behaviour Using Prospect Theory: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Dassani M. Preksha , Sridevi M. Sandhya
Published: August 2022

Kahneman and Tversky's Prospect Theory tries to explain investor behaviour under risk when alternative outcomes are available to them while making an investment decision. Loss Aversion, Regret Aversion, and Mental Accounting are the three dimensions of this theory. Loss aversion is an investor emotion that prevents unloading unprofitable investments because they lead to a loss. Regret Aversion is the anticipation of regret where an investor holds to loss-making investments with the fear of admitting an incorrect investment decision. Mental Accounting is the value investors place on money, often leading to detrimental results. This research attempts to gain deeper insights into the complex investor behaviour which forms an important aspect of behavioural finance. An online survey of 282 pan-India stock market investors is done on the three dimensions and the collected data is analysed using One-way ANOVA to measure the relationship between independent (income, investment amount, education qualification, age, gender, and investor experience) and dependent variables (loss aversion, regret aversion, and mental accounting). This study is of significant interest to financial institutions for product design, to the government in making economic policy, and financial advisors who can consider the independent variables as crucial factors that make their clients prone to behavioural biases.
A Study on Analyzing the Status of Women's Skill Development on Digital Platforms
Authors: Srivastava Anamika
Published: August 2022

The growing engagement of women in all fields has ushered in a new era for women's socioeconomic advancement. Increased exposure to digital media has resulted, the adequate representation of women in the digital era. The growing engagement of women in all fields has ushered in a new era for women's socioeconomic advancement. This paper examines the status of women's skill development after enormous digital innovation; a survey was conducted amongst the digitally educated women of rural and urban areas, those who are performing through digital forums for obtaining information relevant to a specific study. Though the findings show that though the involvement of women on digital platforms is growing, they must walk on a long road to leave an impression. Thus, this paper clearly highlights challenges being faced by women and enhancement of their socioeconomic condition after digital advancement.
Determining the Role of FDI in Plummeting the Digital Divide
Authors: Gupta Jyoti , Sharma Vivek
Published: August 2022

There exists a gap between the rural and urban areas in terms of access to Information and Communication Technologies, which is known as Digital Divide. Many studies have been conducted in identifying the determinants of the digital divide but no single analysis fit on all the determinants. This study is an attempt to identify the average digital divide catered by two categories of the Telecom companies. In Category I there are companies which are backed by foreign direct investment and in Category II there are state owned telecom companies. The Digital Divide Index (DDI) have been calculated by using the simple approach of Index numbers and then t-test for differences in means is applied to test the significance of the difference between the average values of DDI obtained from the two categories.
Actualización en Dermatología Tomo 2
Authors: Flores Ramirez Julissa Andrea , Bastidas Torres Deysi Milena , Ilvay Mendoza Shirley Stefania , Bernal Quizhpi Tania Cristina , Castillo Araujo Mateo Xavier , Suntaxi Navarrete Susana Alejandra , Montenegro Salas Daniela Stephanie
Published: August 2022

La presente obra actualización en dermatología continua en este segundo volumen ofreciendo al lector las patologías más frecuentes que el médico puede observar dentro del primer nivel de atención. Obra de especial interés para médicos que desean realizar una especialidad en dermatología
Generalidades en Pediatría Tomo 1
Authors: Moreno Castro Franklin Iván , Ortiz Pico Luis Ernesto , López Toledo María Gracia
Published: August 2022

La especialidad de pediatría ofrece diversos retos a los médicos que optan por esta especialidad, en la obra tratado de pediatría se ofrecen los casos mas relevantes de patologías que deben tratarse en el sistema de salud ecuatoriano. Se ofrecen cuando ha sido posible datos de la epidemiología y tratamiento farmacológico del país.
INFLUENCE OF HUMIC ACID ON VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE ATTRIBUTES OF AFRICAN MARIGOLD (Tagetes erecta L.)
Authors: AZAM MUHAMMAD KAMRAN , JAN IBADULLAH , GHANI ADNAN , KAMAL AYESHA , KALHORO AKHTIAR AHMED , ASLAM MUHAMMAD ZAHID , NADEEM SHAHID , SHAH SYED WAQAR HUSSAIN , AAMER MUHAMMAD , ZAFAR SADIA NOUREEN , HUSSAIN ARSHAD , ULLAH IKRAM
Published: August 2022

The study entitled ‘influence of humic acid on vegetative and reproductive attributes of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)’ was studied at Agricultural Research Station Swabi during 2017. The main aim of this study was to find out the adequate dose of humic acid that can enhance vegetative and reproductive qualities of marigold. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. Four different concentrations (0, 1000ppm, 2000ppm, 3000ppm) of humic acid were sprayed during vegetative and reproductive stages of marigold plants. Humic acid was sprayed twice, 1st spray before reproductive stage and 2nd spray after the bud formation. The effect of humic acid on marigold was evaluated for plant height, number of leaves plant-1, stem diameter, blooms plant-1, blossom diameter, and blossom fresh and dry weight. Provision of humic acid at 1000ppm, 2000ppm and 3000ppm concentration ranges resulted in linear increase in leaves of a plant, stem diameter, plant height, blooms plant-1, blossom diameter, fresh and dry weight of blossom. But plants sprayed with 2000 ppm humic acid were effective for most of the parameters that can increase profit in marigold flowers business.
MORPHOCULTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF AFLATOXINS PRODUCING Aspergillus flavus ASSOCIATED WITH Arachis hypogaea IN PUNJAB, PAKSITAN
Authors: SARWAR MUHAMMAD KALEEM , HAQ IMRAN UL , IJAZ SIDDRA , JAVED NAZIR , AKBAR NADEEM
Published: August 2022

Aflatoxins, produced by ubiquitous Aspergillus section Flavi species, are polyketide pathway-derived secondary metabolites and, due to their highly carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic nature, pose human severe health issues globally. In this study, raw groundnut kernels were collected from groundnut growing districts of Punjab, Pakistan, at pre and post-harvest stages. Groundnut-associated Aspergillus flavus isolates were morphologically identified, and their respective aflatoxins producing potential was determined through cultural methods; UV illumination and ammonia vapor exposure. Three hundred isolates were cultured on differential media, Malt extract agar, and Sabouraud dextrose agar, for studying typical morphocultural characteristics, and detailed microscopy. Observed phenotypic variability assorted isolates into twenty groups. Representative isolate of each group was grown on coconut agar medium and exposed to UV illumination and ammonia vapors to observe possible fluorescence excitation and reverse colony color change, respectively. Results of both cultural methods conformed to each other; 35% of isolates produced fluorescent ring upon UV exposure and pinkish reverse colony color upon ammonia vapors exposure (toxigenic), 50% isolates showed no change (atoxigenic), and 15 % showed unclear results. This study provides evidence that groundnut kernels are highly exposed to toxigenic A. flavus strains both at pre and post-harvest stages.