bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Two Volatile Organic Compounds on Barley Pathogens
Authors: Kaddes Amine , Parisi Olivier , Berhal Chadi , Ben Kaab Sofiene , Fauconnier Marie-Laure , Nasraoui Bouzid , Jijakli M. , Massart Sébastien , De Clerck Caroline
Published: August 2016

This study aimed to determine the effect of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) on some pathogens, these VOCs were emitted during interactions of barley with Fusarium culmorum Schltdl and/or Cochliobolus sativus Shoemaker, two common root rot pathogens. Our work shows that two organic esters: methyl propanoate (MP) and methyl prop-2-enoate (MA) significantly reduced the development of fungi in vitro. Additional tests showed that the esters significantly inhibited spore germination of these pathogens. The activity of these VOCs on a wide range of fungal and bacterial pathogens was also tested in vitro and showed inhibitory action. The effect of the VOCs on infected barley seeds also showed plantlets growing without disease symptoms. MA and MP seem to have potential value as alternative plant protection compounds against barley bioagressors.
Cardiac Meets Skeletal: What’s New in Microfluidic Models for Muscle Tissue Engineering
Authors: Visone Roberta , Gilardi Mara , Marsano Anna , Rasponi Marco , Bersini Simone , Moretti Matteo
Published: August 2016

In the last few years microfluidics and microfabrication technique principles have been extensively exploited for biomedical applications. In this framework, organs-on-a-chip represent promising tools to reproduce key features of functional tissue units within microscale culture chambers. These systems offer the possibility to investigate the effects of biochemical, mechanical, and electrical stimulations, which are usually applied to enhance the functionality of the engineered tissues. Since the functionality of muscle tissues relies on the 3D organization and on the perfect coupling between electrochemical stimulation and mechanical contraction, great efforts have been devoted to generate biomimetic skeletal and cardiac systems to allow high-throughput pathophysiological studies and drug screening. This review critically analyzes microfluidic platforms that were designed for skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue engineering. Our aim is to highlight which specific features of the engineered systems promoted a typical reorganization of the engineered construct and to discuss how promising design solutions exploited for skeletal muscle models could be applied to improve cardiac tissue models and vice versa.
Effect of Consuming Oat Bran Mixed in Water before a Meal on Glycemic Responses in Healthy Humans—A Pilot Study
Authors: Steinert Robert , Raederstorff Daniel , Wolever Thomas
Published: August 2016

Background: Viscous dietary fibers including oat β-glucan are one of the most effective classes of functional food ingredients for reducing postprandial blood glucose. The mechanism of action is thought to be via an increase in viscosity of the stomach contents that delays gastric emptying and reduces mixing of food with digestive enzymes, which, in turn, retards glucose absorption. Previous studies suggest that taking viscous fibers separate from a meal may not be effective in reducing postprandial glycemia. Methods: We aimed to re-assess the effect of consuming a preload of a commercially available oat-bran (4.5, 13.6 or 27.3 g) containing 22% of high molecular weight oat β-glucan (O22 (OatWell®22)) mixed in water before a test-meal of white bread on glycemic responses in 10 healthy humans. Results: We found a significant effect of dose on blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.006) with AUC after 27.3 g of O22 being significantly lower than white bread only. Linear regression analysis showed that each gram of oat β-glucan reduced glucose AUC by 4.35% ± 1.20% (r = 0.507, p = 0.0008, n = 40) and peak rise by 6.57% ± 1.49% (r = 0.582, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These data suggest the use of oat bran as nutritional preload strategy in the management of postprandial glycemia.
Persistent Intraepithelial Lymphocytosis in Celiac Patients Adhering to Gluten-Free Diet Is Not Abolished Despite a Gluten Contamination Elimination Diet
Authors: Zanini Barbara , Marullo Monica , Villanacci Vincenzo , Salemme Marianna , Lanzarotto Francesco , Ricci Chiara , Lanzini Alberto
Published: August 2016

The gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only validated treatment for celiac disease (CD), but despite strict adherence, complete mucosal recovery is rarely obtained. The aim of our study was to assess whether complete restitutio ad integrum could be achieved by adopting a restrictive diet (Gluten Contamination Elimination Diet, GCED) or may depend on time of exposure to GFD. Two cohorts of CD patients, with persisting Marsh II/Grade A lesion at duodenal biopsy after 12–18 months of GFD (early control) were identified. Patients in Cohort A were re-biopsied after a three-month GCED (GCED control) and patients in Cohort B were re-biopsied after a minimum of two years on a standard GFD subsequent to early control (late control). Ten patients in Cohort A and 19 in Cohort B completed the study protocol. There was no change in the classification of duodenal biopsies in both cohorts. The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes, TCRγδ+ (T-Cell Receptor gamma delta) T cell and eosinophils significantly decreased at GCED control (Cohort A) and at late control (Cohort B), compared to early control. Duodenal intraepithelial lymphocytosis persisting in CD patients during GFD is not eliminated by a GCED and is independent of the length of GFD. [NCT 02711696]
Dietary Intakes and Supplement Use in Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Canadian Athletes
Authors: Parnell Jill , Wiens Kristin , Erdman Kelly
Published: August 2016

Young athletes experience numerous dietary challenges including growth, training/competition, unhealthy food environments, and travel. The objective was to determine nutrient intakes and supplement use in pre-adolescent and adolescent Canadian athletes. Athletes (n = 187) aged 11–18 years completed an on-line 24-h food recall and dietary supplement questionnaire. Median energy intake (interquartile range) varied from 2159 kcal/day (1717–2437) in 11–13 years old females to 2905 kcal/day (2291–3483) in 14–18 years old males. Carbohydrate and protein intakes were 8.1 (6.1–10.5); 2.4 (1.6–3.4) in males 11–13 years, 5.7 (4.5–7.9); 2.0 (1.4–2.6) in females 11–13 years, 5.3 (4.3–7.4); 2.0 (1.5–2.4) in males 14–18 y and 4.9 (4.4–6.2); 1.7 (1.3–2.0) in females 14–18 years g/kg of body weight respectively. Median vitamin D intakes were below the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and potassium was below the adequate intake (AI) for all athlete groups. Females 14–18 years had intakes below the RDA for iron 91% (72–112), folate 89% (61–114) and calcium 84% (48–106). Multivitamin-multiminerals, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin-enriched water, protein powder, sport foods, fatty acids, probiotics, and plant extracts were popular supplements. Canadian pre-adolescent and adolescent athletes could improve their dietary intakes by focusing on food sources of calcium, vitamin D, potassium, iron, and folate. With the exceptions of vitamin D and carbohydrates during long exercise sessions, supplementation is generally unnecessary.
Low Loss Electro-Optic Polymer Based Fast Adaptive Phase Shifters Realized in Silicon Nitride and Oxynitride Waveguide Technology
Authors: Baudzus Lars , Krummrich Peter
Published: August 2016

We present a comprehensive study on how to design and fabricate low loss electro-optic phase shifters based on an electro-optic polymer and the silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride waveguide material systems. The loss mechanisms of phase shifters with an electro-optic (EO) polymer cladding are analyzed in detail and design solutions to achieve lowest losses are presented. In order to verify the low loss design a proof of concept prototype phase shifter was fabricated, which exhibits an attenuation of 0.8 dB/cm at 1550 nm and an electro-optic efficiency factor of 27%. Furthermore, the potential of this class of phase shifters is evaluated in numerical simulations, from which the optimal design parameters and achievable figures of merit were derived. The presented phase shifter design has its potential for application in fast adaptive multi stage devices for optical signal processing.
Potential Biomedical Application of Enzymatically Treated Alginate/Chitosan Hydrosols in Sponges—Biocompatible Scaffolds Inducing Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Multipotent Stromal Cells
Authors: Zimoch-Korzycka Anna , Śmieszek Agnieszka , Jarmoluk Andrzej , Nowak Urszula , Marycz Krzysztof
Published: August 2016

Current regenerative strategies used for cartilage repair rely on biomaterial functionality as a scaffold for cells that may have potential in chondrogenic differentiation. The purpose of the research was to investigate the biocompatibility of enzymatically treated alginate/chitosan hydrosol sponges and their suitability to support chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose derived multipotent stromal cells (hASCs). The alginate/chitosan and enzyme/alginate/chitosan sponges were formed from hydrosols with various proportions and were used as a biomaterial in this study. Sponges were tested for porosity and wettability. The porosity of each sponge was higher than 80%. An equal dose of alginate and chitosan in the composition of sponges improved their swelling ability. It was found that equal concentrations of alginate and chitosan in hydrosols sponges assure high biocompatibility properties that may be further improved by enzymatic treatment. Importantly, the high biocompatibility of these biomaterials turned out to be crucial in the context of hydrosols’ pro-chondrogenic function. After exposure to the chondrogenic conditions, the hASCs in N/A/C and L/A/C sponges formed well developed nodules and revealed increased expression of collagen type II, aggrecan and decreased expression of collagen type I. Moreover, in these cultures, the reactive oxygen species level was lowered while superoxide dismutase activity increased. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that N/A/C and L/A/C sponges may have prospective application as hASCs carriers for cartilage repair.
Dust Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieval and Dust Storm Detection for Xinjiang Region Using Indian National Satellite Observations
Authors: Di Aojie , Xue Yong , Yang Xihua , Leys John , Guang Jie , Mei Linlu , Wang Jingli , She Lu , Hu Yincui , He Xingwei , Che Yahui , Fan Cheng
Published: August 2016

The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) is located near the western border of China. Xinjiang has a high frequency of dust storms, especially in late winter and early spring. Geostationary satellite remote sensing offers an ideal way to monitor the regional distribution and intensity of dust storms, which can impact the regional climate. In this study observations from the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) 3D are used for dust storm detection in Xinjiang because of the frequent 30-min observations with six bands. An analysis of the optical properties of dust and its quantitative relationship with dust storms in Xinjiang is presented for dust events in April 2014. The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) derived using six predefined aerosol types shows great potential to identify dust events. Cross validation between INSAT-3D retrieved AOD and MODIS AOD shows a high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.92). Ground validation using AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) AOD also shows a good correlation with R2 of 0.77. We combined the apparent reflectance (top-of-atmospheric reflectance) of visible and shortwave infrared bands, brightness temperature of infrared bands and retrieved AOD into a new Enhanced Dust Index (EDI). EDI reveals not only dust extent but also the intensity. EDI performed very well in measuring the intensity of dust storms between 22 and 24 April 2014. A visual comparison between EDI and Feng Yun-2E (FY-2E) Infrared Difference Dust Index (IDDI) also shows a high level of similarity. A good linear correlation (R2 of 0.78) between EDI and visibility on the ground demonstrates good performance of EDI in estimating dust intensity. A simple threshold method was found to have a good performance in delineating the extent of the dust plumes but inadequate for providing information on dust plume intensity.
Label-Free Ag+ Detection by Enhancing DNA Sensitized Tb3+ Luminescence
Authors: Kleinke Kimberly , Saran Runjhun , Liu Juewen
Published: August 2016

In this work, the effect of Ag+ on DNA sensitized Tb3+ luminescence was studied initially using the Ag+-specific RNA-cleaving DNAzyme, Ag10c. While we expected to observe luminescence quenching by Ag+, a significant enhancement was produced. Based on this observation, simple DNA oligonucleotide homopolymers were used with systematically varied sequence and length. We discovered that both poly-G and poly-T DNA have a significant emission enhancement by Ag+, while the absolute intensity is stronger with the poly-G DNA, indicating that a G-quadruplex DNA is not required for this enhancement. Using the optimized length of the G7 DNA (an oligo constituted with seven guanines), Ag+ was measured with a detection limit of 57.6 nM. The signaling kinetics, G7 DNA conformation, and the binding affinity of Tb3+ to the DNA in the presence or absence of Ag+ are also studied to reveal the mechanism of emission enhancement. This observation is useful not only for label-free detection of Ag+, but also interesting for the rational design of new biosensors using Tb3+ luminescence.
Embedded Ceria Nanoparticles in Crosslinked PVA Electrospun Nanofibers as Optical Sensors for Radicals
Authors: Shehata Nader , Samir Effat , Gaballah Soha , Hamed Aya , Elrasheedy Asmaa
Published: August 2016

This work presents a new nanocomposite of cerium oxide (ceria) nanoparticles embedded in electrospun PVA nanofibers for optical sensing of radicals in solutions. Our ceria nanoparticles are synthesized to have O-vacancies which are the receptors for the radicals extracted from peroxide in water solution. Ceria nanoparticles are embedded insitu in PVA solution and then formed as nanofibers using an electrospinning technique. The formed nanocomposite emits visible fluorescent emissions under 430 nm excitation, due to the active ceria nanoparticles with fluorescent Ce3+ ionization states. When the formed nanocomposite is in contact with peroxide solution, the fluorescence emission intensity peak has been found to be reduced with increasing concentration of peroxide or the corresponding radicals through a fluorescence quenching mechanism. The fluorescence intensity peak is found to be reduced to more than 30% of its original value at a peroxide weight concentration up to 27%. This work could be helpful in further applications of radicals sensing using a solid mat through biomedical and environmental monitoring applications.
Living in Harmony with Disaster: Exploring Volcanic Hazard Vulnerability in Indonesia
Authors: Cho Sea , Won Sehyung , Kim Saehoon
Published: August 2016

This article illustrates the multi-faceted notion of hazard vulnerability and the complicated relations a community has with a hazardous area based on a joint urban planning and design studio between Seoul National University and Diponegoro University in 2014. The study focused on an area in Central Java, Indonesia, surrounded by four active volcanic mountains, and explored the economic, environmental and social vulnerability associated with the site. Although initially the study focused on drawing up and improving the relocation plan, it was soon discovered that eliminating environmental vulnerability by relocating residents to new sites may in fact increase their economic vulnerability. This led the study to embrace the concept of living in harmony with disaster. In conclusion, the results of the study are discussed in terms recognizing environmental hazards as a vehicle for understanding local perceptions, and utilizing these perceptions to suggest mitigation measures that are more responsive to the site at risk.
Environmental Management and Sustainable Labels in the Ski Industry: A Critical Review
Authors: Duglio Stefano , Beltramo Riccardo
Published: August 2016

Sustainability is increasing in importance in relation to the competitiveness of winter tourism, particularly when considering mountain destinations. Exploring in more detail winter tourism related to ski resorts, operators are especially concerned about environmental issues caused by climate change. Therefore, they have gradually become aware of the importance of finding adequate solutions to cope with such issues as well as being able to sensitize tourists. The main goal of this paper is to analyze the different sustainable tools that can be adopted by the ski industry. In this field there appear to be two main approaches. The first line is that of sustainable labels being applied to local ski resorts; whereas the second consists in operators—such as the managers of cable cars—making use of specific labels or management systems that are environmentally oriented.
The Synapse as a Central Target for Neurodevelopmental Susceptibility to Pesticides
Authors: Vester Aimee , Caudle W.
Published: August 2016

The developmental period of the nervous system is carefully orchestrated and highly vulnerable to alterations. One crucial factor of a properly-functioning nervous system is the synapse, as synaptic signaling is critical for the formation and maturation of neural circuits. Studies show that genetic and environmental impacts can affect diverse components of synaptic function. Importantly, synaptic dysfunction is known to be associated with neurologic and psychiatric disorders, as well as more subtle cognitive, psychomotor, and sensory defects. Given the importance of the synapse in numerous domains, we wanted to delineate the effects of pesticide exposure on synaptic function. In this review, we summarize current epidemiologic and molecular studies that demonstrate organochlorine, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticide exposures target the developing synapse. We postulate that the synapse plays a central role in synaptic vulnerability to pesticide exposure during neurodevelopment, and the synapse is a worthy candidate for investigating more subtle effects of chronic pesticide exposure in future studies.
Enhanced rhizobial symbiotic capacity in an allopolyploid species ofGlycine(Leguminosae)
Authors: Powell Adrian F. , Doyle Jeff J.
Published: August 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:

Previous studies have shown that polyploidy can alter biotic interactions, and it has been suggested that these effects may contribute to the increased ability for colonization of new habitats shown by many allopolyploids. Little is known, however, about the effects of allopolyploidy, which combines hybridity and genome doubling, on symbiotic interactions with rhizobial bacteria.

METHODS:

We examined interactions of the allopolyploidGlycine dolichocarpa(designated T2) with novel rhizobial partners, such as might occur in a context of colonization, and compared these with the responses of its diploid progenitors,G. tomentella(D3) andG. syndetika(D4). We assessed root hair response, nodule formation, nodule mass, nodule number, and plant biomass.

KEY RESULTS:

The allopolyploid (T2) showed a greater root hair deformation response when exposed to rhizobia, compared with either diploid. T2 had a greater probability of forming nodules with NGR234 compared with diploid D4, and greater total nodule mass per nodulated plant compared with diploid D3. T2 also had greater plant biomass responses to nitrogen and when exposed to NGR234.

CONCLUSIONS:

The allopolyploid is characterized by transgressive responses to rhizobia for some variables, while also combining certain parental diploid responses such that its capacity for interactions with rhizobia appears to be greater than for either diploid progenitor. This overall enhanced nodulation capacity and the ability to make greater gains from exposure to both rhizobia and additional nitrogen indicate a greater potential of the allopolyploid to benefit from these factors both generally and in a context of colonization.
Ionic liquids as transesterification catalysts: applications for the synthesis of linear and cyclic organic carbonates
Authors: Selva Maurizio , Perosa Alvise , Guidi Sandro , Cattelan Lisa
Published: August 2016

The use of ionic liquids (ILs) as organocatalysts is reviewed for transesterification reactions, specifically for the conversion of nontoxic compounds such as dialkyl carbonates to both linear mono-transesterification products or alkylene carbonates. An introductory survey compares pros and cons of classic catalysts based on both acidic and basic systems, to ionic liquids. Then, innovative green syntheses of task-specific ILs and their representative applications are introduced to detail the efficiency and highly selective outcome of ILs-catalyzed transesterification reactions. A mechanistic hypothesis is discussed by the concept of cooperative catalysis based on the dual (electrophilic/nucleophilic) activation of reactants.
A Cross-linguistic Study of Sound Symbolism: The Images of Size
Authors: Shinohara Kazuko , Kawahara Shigeto
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:Although the sound-meaning relationship is often arbitrary (Saussure 1916), cases exist in which some sounds correspond to certain meanings. Such association between sounds and meanings is known as sound symbolism, and there has been a longstanding interest in the existence and the nature of sound symbolism. This paper reports an experiment on size-related sound symbolism, which shows that certain sound symbolisms hold robustly across languages. In particular, we investigate how the images of size (small or large) are affected by three phonetic factors: the height of vowels, the backness of vowels, and voicing in obstruents. Our rating experiment of four languages—Chinese, English, Japanese, and Korean—shows that these three factors contribute to the images of size, with only a few exceptions. To explain the results, we offer phonetic grounding of these size-related sound symbolic patterns. We further raise the possibility that these phonetically grounded sound symbolic patterns are ‘embodied’ in the sense of Johnson (1987) and Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 1999).
Diglossia versus Register: Discursive Classifications of Two Sinhala varieties
Authors: Zubair Cala
Published: August 2016

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The discourse I focus on in this study comes from interviews and ethnographic work with Sri Lankan university youth. While diglossia theory proves insufficient in depicting the way these youth mix ‘formal’ and ‘colloquial’ morphosyntactic features in the same social setting, Agha’s register approach to Sinhala optimally accounts for the specific dialogic effects speakers attach to linguistic features, suggesting such interdiscursive meaning combined with sociohistorical backgrounds of the varieties explains the registers’ composite recognition as divergent.
TODAY A DUO, BUT ONCE A TRIO? THE DOUBLE WHITE DWARF HS 2220+2146 MAY BE A POST-BLUE STRAGGLER BINARY
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Agüeros Marcel , Brown Warren R. , Gosnell Natalie M. , Gianninas A. , Kilic Mukremin , Koester Detlev
Published: August 2016

For sufficiently wide orbital separations a, the two members of a stellar binary evolve independently. This implies that in a wide double white dwarf (DWD), the more massive WD should always be produced first, when its more massive progenitor ends its main sequence (MS) life, and should therefore be older and cooler than its companion. The bound, wide DWD HS 2220+2146 (

au) does not conform to this picture: the more massive WD is the younger and hotter of the pair. We show that this discrepancy is unlikely to be due to past mass-transfer phases or to the presence of an unresolved companion. Instead, we propose that HS 2220+2146 formed through a new wide DWD evolutionary channel involving the merger of the inner binary in a hierarchical triple system. The resulting blue straggler and its wide companion then evolved independently, forming the WD pair seen today. Although we cannot rule out other scenarios, the most likely formation channel has the inner binary merging while both stars are still on the MS. This provides us with the tantalizing possibility that Kozai–Lidov oscillations may have played a role in the inner binary’s merger. Gaia may uncover hundreds more wide DWDs, leading to the identification of other systems like HS 2220+2146. There are already indications that other WD systems may have been formed through different, but related, hierarchical triple evolutionary scenarios. Characterizing these populations may allow for thorough testing of the efficiency with which Kozai–Lidov oscillations induce stellar mergers.
TIME-VARIABLE ALUMINUM ABSORPTION IN THE POLAR AR URSAE MAJORIS, AND AN UPDATED ESTIMATE FOR THE MASS OF THE WHITE DWARF
Authors: Bai Yu , Justham Stephen , Liu JiFeng , Guo JinCheng , Gao Qing , Gong Hang
Published: August 2016

We present spectra of the extreme polar AR Ursae Majoris (AR UMa), which display a clear Al i absorption doublet, alongside spectra taken less than a year earlier in which that feature is not present. Re-examination of earlier SDSS spectra indicates that the Al i absorption doublet was also present ≈8 years before our first non-detection. We conclude that this absorbing material is unlikely to be on the surface of either the white dwarf (WD) or the donor star. We suggest that this Al i absorption feature arises in circumstellar material, perhaps produced by the evaporation of asteroids as they approach the hot WD. The presence of any remaining reservoir of rocky material in AR UMa might help to constrain the prior evolution of this unusual binary system. We also apply spectral decomposition to find the stellar parameters of the M dwarf companion, and attempt to dynamically measure the mass of the WD in AR UMa by considering both the radial velocity curves of the H
β
emission line and the Na i absorption line. Thereby we infer a mass range for the WD in AR UMa of 0.91 M
⊙ < M
WD < 1.24 M
⊙.
A NEW CHALLENGE TO SOLAR DYNAMO MODELS FROM HELIOSEISMIC OBSERVATIONS: THE LATITUDINAL DEPENDENCE OF THE PROGRESSION OF THE SOLAR CYCLE
Authors: Simoniello R. , Tripathy S. C. , Jain K. , Hill F.
Published: August 2016

The onset of the solar cycle at mid-latitudes, the slowdown in the drift of sunspots toward the equator, the tail-like attachment, and the overlap of successive cycles at the time of minimum activity are delicate issues in models of the αΩ dynamo wave and the flux transport dynamo. Very different parameter values produce similar results, making it difficult to understand the origin of the properties of these solar cycles. We use helioseismic data from the Global Oscillation Network Group to investigate the progression of the solar cycle as observed in intermediate-degree global p-mode frequency shifts at different latitudes and subsurface layers, from the beginning of solar cycle 23 up to the maximum of the current solar cycle. We also analyze those for high-degree modes in each hemisphere obtained through the ring-diagram technique of local helioseismology. The analysis highlights differences in the progression of the cycle below 15° compared to higher latitudes. While the cycle starts at mid-latitudes and then migrates equatorward/poleward, the sunspot eruptions of the old cycle are still ongoing below 15° latitude. This prolonged activity causes a delay in the onset of the cycle and an overlap of successive cycles, whose extent differs in the two hemispheres. Then the activity level rises faster, reaching a maximum characterized by a single-peak structure as opposed to the double peak at higher latitudes. Afterwards the descending phase shows up with a slower decay rate. The latitudinal properties of the progression of the solar cycle highlighted in this study provide useful constraints for discerning among the multitude of solar dynamo models.
DUSTY QUASARS AT HIGH REDSHIFTS
Authors: Weedman Daniel , Sargsyan Lusine
Published: August 2016

A population of quasars at z ∼ 2 is determined based on dust luminosities νL

ν
(7.8 μm) that includes unobscured, partially obscured, and obscured quasars. Quasars are classified by the ratio νL

ν
(0.25 μm)/νL

ν
(7.8 μm) = UV/IR, assumed to measure obscuration of UV luminosity by the dust that produces IR luminosity. Quasar counts at rest-frame 7.8 μm are determined for quasars in the Boötes field of the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey using 24 μm sources with optical redshifts from the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (AGES) or infrared redshifts from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph. Spectral energy distributions are extended to far-infrared wavelengths using observations from the Herschel Space Observatory Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE), and new SPIRE photometry is presented for 77 high-redshift quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. It is found that unobscured and obscured quasars have similar space densities at rest-frame 7.8 μm, but the ratio L

ν
(100 μm)/L

ν
(7.8 μm) is about three times higher for obscured quasars than for unobscured, so that far-infrared or submillimeter quasar detections are dominated by obscured quasars. We find that only ∼5% of high-redshift submillimeter sources are quasars and that existing 850 μm surveys or 2 mm surveys should already have detected sources at z ∼ 10 if quasar and starburst luminosity functions remain the same from z = 2 until z = 10.
NUMERICAL AND ANALYTICAL MODELING OF TRANSIT TIMING VARIATIONS
Authors: Hadden Sam , Lithwick Yoram
Published: August 2016

We develop and apply methods to extract planet masses and eccentricities from observed transit timing variations (TTVs). First, we derive simple analytic expressions for the TTV that include the effects of both first- and second-order resonances. Second, we use N-body Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations, as well as the analytic formulae, to measure the masses and eccentricities of 10 planets discovered by Kepler that have not previously been analyzed. Most of the 10 planets have low densities. Using the analytic expressions to partially circumvent degeneracies, we measure small eccentricities of a few percent or less.
The Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories: A Call for Community Curation
Authors: Schindel David , Miller Scott , Trizna Michael , Graham Eileen , Crane Adele
Published: August 2016

The Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories is an online metadata resource for biodiversity collections, the institutions that contain them, and associated staff members. The registry provides contact and address information, characteristics of the institutions and collections using controlled vocabularies and free-text descripitons, links to related websites, unique identifiers for each institution and collection record, text fields for loan and use policies, and a variety of other descriptors. Each institution record includes an institutionCode that must be unique, and each collection record must have a collectionCode that is unique within that institution. The registry is populated with records imported from the largest similar registries and more can be harmonized and added. Doing so will require community input and curation and would produce a truly comprehensive and unifying information resource.
A Reality Integrated BIM for Architectural Heritage Conservation
Authors: Apollonio Fabrizio Ivan , Gaiani Marco , Sun Zheng
Published: August 2016

Building Information Modeling (BIM) has attracted wide interest in the field of documentation and conservation of Architectural Heritage (AH). Existing approaches focus on converting laser scanned point clouds to BIM objects, but laser scanning is usually limited to planar elements which are not the typical state of AH where free-form and double-curvature surfaces are common. We propose a method that combines low-cost automatic photogrammetric data acquisition techniques with parametric BIM objects founded on Architectural Treatises and a syntax allowing the transition from the archetype to the type. Point clouds with metric accuracy comparable to that from laser scanning allows accurate as-built model semantically integrated with the ideal model from parametric library. The deviation between as-built model and ideal model is evaluated to determine if feature extraction from point clouds is essential to improve the accuracy of as-built BIM.
San Pietro di Deca in Torrenova
Authors: Bassetta Manuela , Fatta Francesca , Manti Andrea
Published: August 2016

In this chapter San Pietro di Deca represented an opportunity for scientific knowledge process experimentation applied to a small building with a great past, an unknown monument standing in north west of Sicily that recently has been studied by a team of Austrian archeologists. The first scientific survey carried out by the authors by means of the latest technology as well as all the stages of the research are presented: the historical research, the laser scanner survey, the critical analysis leading to the interpretation of the architecture's masonry structures, and an accurate analytical representation of the transformation processes experienced by the structure from its origin until today. The evaluation of the survey and its comparison with similar Byzantine Sicilian buildings were major steps confirming the hypotheses inferred on the morphological evolution of the structure.
Collaborations between Elementary Schools and Higher Education
Authors: Williams Patricia Hrusa , Lee Carole K.
Published: August 2016

This chapter examines service learning efforts and community partnerships formed between elementary schools and higher education around science education. The types and characteristics of the efforts are considered using a newly developed framework for service learning and community engagement. The potential benefits of these collaborative efforts for higher education faculty, college students, elementary school students, teachers, and school communities are explored, highlighting what is known from the existing research literature. The match between these projects and the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) are considered, highlighting the ways which community engagement efforts can utilize standards in developing and implementing projects. Finally, recommendations are made regarding how to optimize community-based science education collaborations and expand our knowledge-base regarding these efforts.
The Tamaula Project
Authors: Tomas Cynthia M. Montaudon , Vilalta-Perdomo Eliseo L.
Published: August 2016

This chapter discusses an experience in service learning in a rural community in central Mexico, developed by students from a private university located in the area. The aim is to identify if this educational approach builds on interactions that support individual and collective improvement simultaneously. Service learning was introduced and tested at this institution to enhance the academics' educational tool box. This development was embedded in a core (not elective) module focused on developing students writing and research skills. Problems emerged when students were asked to organize and execute a project. They started planning based on preconceived ideas before visiting the place. As a result, the project initially involved a top-down design for restructuring a community. Even though this might be useful, the project required incorporating service learning principles. These consider issues such as capacity building that may start from community needs or aspirations; a bottom-up approach that was not recognized initially by students. The expectation was to develop something ‘different' in a community that had been receiving aid from different sources and had not yet thrived.
Service Learning in Online Courses
Authors: Simunich Bethany
Published: August 2016

Service learning exists as one method to foster interaction and engagement in face-to-face classes, but often presents a challenge when instructors try to incorporate these opportunities in their online courses. Online students are most often geographically dispersed, therefore making project management more difficult for the instructor. Additionally, it is more difficult for instructors to form long-term community partnerships, as their distance learners are not members of one, local community. Although a challenge, incorporating service learning in an online course can be an effective way to increase opportunities for engagement, collaboration, and interaction. Service learning can also help online students feel connected to their own communities and, additionally, provide a unique opportunity to reflect on ways to apply their course learning experientially. This chapter discusses the unique benefits and challenges of incorporating service learning in online courses, and also presents ideas and examples for e-service learning.
Practicing What We Teach, Practitioner Reflections
Authors: DiEnno Cara Marie , Taylor Sarah Plummer
Published: August 2016

While the impact of service-learning on students and to some extent on communities is well documented, little research addresses the direct impact on instructors. To fulfill the historic civic mission of education and contribute to civic health, a holistic understanding of impacts on all stakeholders will be necessary. This chapter presents the findings of interviews conducted with diverse service-learning practitioner types (higher education faculty members, K-12 teachers, and nonprofit instructors), institutions and years of experience. The findings demonstrate three categories of benefits that accrue to practitioners: pedagogical, personal and relational. Additionally, indirect impacts also contribute to practitioners' satisfaction. Many of these impacts map nicely onto the existing literature that describes the motivations that lead practitioners to undertake service-learning. The link then between motivations and actual benefits received leads to several salient recommendations that can support instructors and administrators wishing to advance engaged work at their institutions.
In Search of Transformative 21st Century Pedagogy
Authors: Handler Laura K.
Published: August 2016

Research has shown service-learning to be an effective pedagogy producing student gains in cognitive and affective domains; however, discrepancies in theoretical foundations and definitions of service-learning cause critics to also note its potentially damaging impact on students, communities, and societies. This chapter calls for the implementation of critical service-learning, a pedagogy that enlightens, empowers, and transforms communities, by explaining important elements and exposing existing tensions in our current education system. It also specifically details the learning that the pedagogy promotes, explaining how that learning takes place with young children. Because few studies have provided substantive data on the employment of critical service-learning in elementary schools, the chapter concludes with an analysis of existing research of critical service-learning projects, presenting case studies and implications for putting theory into practice so that more educators can integrate critical service-learning into the elementary curriculum.
The Risks of Wearable Technologies to Individuals and Organizations
Authors: Berrahal Sarra , Boudriga Nourredine
Published: August 2016

Advancements in wearable and integrated sensing devices have given tremendous opportunities to enable advanced remote applications including sensing, monitoring, and tracking systems and states. Accordingly, wearable systems can be utilized to provide social and economic well-being for individuals by assisting them in the performance of their daily duties and for organizations by keeping their employees anytime, anywhere connected and by enhancing their productivity. However, wearable devices are, mainly, wireless in nature, which make them exposed to several types of security attacks that may threaten the life of individuals and the security of organizations. This chapter brings a comprehensive study on the benefits of wearable technologies and their related security and privacy issues, discusses the major policies that can be used to mitigate the risk posed by wearable technologies and the proposed techniques to assist users' safety in hazardous workplaces; and discusses the digital investigation of security incidents on wearable technologies.
Model Course Syllabus
Authors: Antero Michelle C.
Published: August 2016

This chapter briefly introduces some historical and contemporary context before proposing a model course syllabus to implement a course in Management of Security Issues in Wearable Technology. The course syllabus is developed in line with the IS2010 curriculum recommended by the peak bodies (ACM and AIS) for a degree in Information Systems, Computer Information Systems or Management Information Systems. The design further follows the guidelines developed by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET) that advocates that Course Learning Outcomes (CLOs) be developed for the list of topics covered by the material. In addition, the syllabus provides a basis for enterprise training relevant to managers and security specialists. The chapter also provides some general pedagogical guidelines on how each topic can be discussed and activities appropriate to the learners. It also uses Gluga et al.'s (2013) assessment criteria, based on Bloom's (1956) taxonomy to measure the depth of knowledge.
Empowerment para o recovery: potencialidades identificadas nas ações de reabilitação psicossocial/ Empowerment for the recovery: potentialities identified in the actions of psychosocial rehabilitation
Authors: Dos Santos Elitiele Ortiz , Kantorski Luciane Prado , De Andrade Ana Paula Muller , Coimbra Valéria Cristina Christello , Farias Poliana Alves
Published: August 2016

O estudo teve como objetivo identificar as potencialidades de empowerment para o recovery nas ações de Reabilitação Psicossocial do Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) na visão dos trabalhadores. É um estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, no qual participaram 14 trabalhadores de um CAPS. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de julho e agosto de 2011. Utilizou-se de entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise temática de Minayo para identificar evidências que constatassem a utilização da perspectiva do empowerment para o recovery nas ações desenvolvidas no serviço. Identificou-se que as ações dos trabalhadores oportunizam que o usuário exercite a capacidade de decisão sobre a construção do Plano Terapêutico Singular e que as ações ofertadas pelo serviço utilizam o respeito, a escuta, o diálogo e negociação como estratégias facilitadoras do processo de empowerment para o recovery. Percebeu-se que os profissionais promovem espaços democráticos, adotam uma postura favorável de escuta e reconhecimento de opinião do outro a fim de que o empowerment do usuário se mantenha como um dos instrumentos do trabalho em saúde com a finalidade do recovery.
 Violência urbana: repercussões e consequências na assistência à saúde em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família / Urban violence: effects and consequences on health care in a Family Health Unit
Authors: Machado Cynthia Braz , Daher Donizete Vago
Published: August 2016

Este estudo objetivou identificar as repercussões da violência urbana para o processo de trabalho dos profissionais no território de uma unidade de Saúde da Família e analisar as suas consequências à saúde dos profissionais e da população adscrita. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritivo-exploratória, cujos participantes foram 8 profissionais de uma unidade de Saúde da Família do município da região metropolitana II do Rio de Janeiro. A coleta de dados ocorreu através da aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e procedeu-se à análise de conteúdo para o tratamento destes. Foi identificado que a presença da polícia na comunidade acaba gerando medo e tensão entre os profissionais entrevistados. A violência urbana acaba limitando o acesso e a oferta de ações de saúde, além de contribuir para o adoecimento dos usuários e profissionais de saúde. Portanto, há necessidade de parceria entre os setores saúde, justiça, educação, sociedade civil para que juntos possam construir coletivamente formas efetivas para o enfrentamento da violência urbana.
 Fatores associados à internação hospitalar em clientes com doenças crônicas/ Factors associated with hospital admission in patients with chronic diseases
Authors: Chibante Carla Lube de Pinho , Espírito Santo Fátima Helena , Santos Thayane Dias , Pestana Luana Cardoso , Santos Analyane Conceição Silva , Pinheiro Fernanda Machado
Published: August 2016

Objetivou-se descrever o perfil de clientes adultos e idosos hospitalizados por agravamento de uma DCNT. Estudo descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado nos meses de janeiro e março de 2012 com 60 adultos e idosos nas enfermarias de clínica médica feminina e masculina de um Hospital Universitário, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados dois instrumentos: um para as variáveis sociodemográficas e outro para avaliar os hábitos de vida considerados inadequados para as DCNT. Os dados foram organizados em tabelas com distribuição de frequências absolutas e relativas. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino (58,33%). A faixa etária predominante era de 61 a 70 anos (25%). Quanto ao perfil antropométrico e os hábitos de vida considerados inadequados, 66,7% estavam com sobrepeso, 50% eram etilistas, 26,7% tabagistas e 78,3% sedentários. A hospitalização constitui um momento importante para o enfermeiro fornecer informações sobre o controle da doença crônica, pois elas apresentam etiologia multifatorial.
 Características sociodemográficas e de acesso de longevos aos serviços de saúde / Sociodemographic characteristics and enduring access to health services
Authors: Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Weise Thaís , Reche Péricles Martim , Borges Pollyanna Kássia de Oliveira , Cabral Luciane Patrícia Andreani
Published: August 2016

Estudo epidemiológico e transversal, que objetivou identificar as características sociodemográficas e de acesso de longevos aos serviços de saúde. Os dados foram coletados no período de abril a agosto de 2012, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, e questões adaptadas do Estudo Saúde Bem Estar e Envelhecimento, sobre acesso a saúde. A amostra por conveniência compreendeu 56 idosos longevos cadastrados em 13 centros de convivência do idoso de Ponta Grossa-PR. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino (75%), da faixa etária de 80 a 84 anos, viúvos (73,2%), com ensino fundamental incompleto (71,4%), que viviam sozinhos (46,4%) e recebiam ≤dois salários mínimos (89,3%). Destaca-se que um terço dos longevos possuíam plano de saúde e desses 31,3% apresentaram dificuldades de acesso, mais manifesta entre os que faziam uso do SUS (55%). Destaca-se a importância dos profissionais de saúde, em especial o enfermeiro, em identificar e conhecer das características sociodemográficas e de acesso dos longevos que utilizam os serviços de saúde. Tais informações servirão de subsídios para o planejamento de estratégias para amenizar as dificuldades enfrentadas e melhorar o acesso deste segmento etário a esses serviços.