bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Economic Viability and Energy Requirements of Soilless Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation in the Context of Climate Change in the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Baytorun Nafi , Zaimoğlu Zeynep
Published: November 2023

Controlling environmental conditions in agricultural production has a direct influence on the yield. In vegetative production, the most common and effective implementation of environmentally controlled production is in greenhouses. In the event that the daily average temperature drops below 12oC, greenhouses should be heated. Heating in greenhouses has a significant share in production costs. While overall production costs in high technology greenhouses depend on the size of the greenhouse and the length of the production period, the heating costs vary depending on the greenhouse equipment and external climatic conditions.

In this study, the costs of inputs used in the production of truss tomatoes in the great majority of high technology greenhouses in the Mediterranean climate zone were determined, their share in the total cost was calculated and a comparison with the costs of truss tomato production in Southeastern European countries was made.

The calculations show that among the production costs under Mediterranean climate conditions, cost of labor is the highest with a ratio of 37% while energy (heat + electricity) cost is the second highest. While the unit cost of truss tomatoes in Southeastern Europe is 0.51 €.kg-1, the production cost under Mediterranean climate conditions is 0.59€.kg-1.
Effect of Organic Manures and Phosphorus on Soil Nutrient Status in Kharif Rice
Authors: Rao I. Jagga , Rao Ch. Sujani , Prasad P. R. K. , Rao Ch. Pulla , Jayalalitha K.
Published: November 2023

Field experiments were conducted at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to study the Phosphorus dynamics in relation to nutrient management in rice- blackgram cropping sequence with respect to changes in soil nutrient status. Results of two years (2017-2019) experimentation revealed that at all growth stages of rice, significantly highest available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil were recorded with application of RDNK+Dhaincha @ 10t ha-1 (M3) and this was on par with RDNK+ Sunhemp @ 10t ha-1(M2), whereas lowest was recorded in RDNK (M0) alone in both seasons of study. Among the P levels the available nutrient status (N, P and K) were increased with the increasing level of P from 0 (P1) to 120 kg P2O5 (P5) ha-1, irrespective of the nutrients imposed to rice crop. Significantly highest was recorded in P5 (120 kg P2O5 ha-1) and this was on par with P4 (90 kg P2O5 ha-1), whereas the lowest was recorded in treatment P1 that received 0 kg P2O5 ha-1.
Effect of Moisture Conservation Practices on, Yield Attributes, Yield and Quality of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern&Coss]
Authors: Morya Radha , Mastkar Anjni , Morya Rahul , Bhargava Anjali , Kushwaha H. S.
Published: November 2023

A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) at Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyala, Chitrakoot, Satna,(M.P.). Indiato evaluate the effect of moisture conservation practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard under rainfed condition. Treatment consisted four moisture conservation practices i.e. no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch (Paddy straw @ 4t/ha) and kaolin 5 % spray. Result revealed that on pooled basis the tallest plant of 195 cm was recorded under life saving irrigation but number of branches (6.82) and dry weight per plant (39.8 cm) were significantly maximum in straw mulch treatment. The yield attributes such as siliqua per plant (298.5), seeds/siliqua (15.9), siliqua length (3.97 cm), seed weight per plant (17.06 g) and 1000- seed weight (5.57 g) were significantly superior under straw mulch followed by life saving irrigation. Significantly highest seed yield (2558 kg/ha), oil content (42.0 %) and protein content (20.5%) were obtained under straw mulch treatment while numerical enhancement was observed in life saving irrigation and kaolin 5% spray over no irrigation.
Impact of Pretreatment of Garden Cress Seed on Rheological Properties for Bread Dough
Authors: Deshmukh Ajinkya Sanjay , Raj John Diamond , Immanuel Genitha
Published: November 2023

The rheological properties of bread dough made with various ratios of garden cress seed (GCS) and refined wheat flour were investigated. The Brabender Farinograph E, Extensograph E and Amylograph E were used to determine rheological properties such as water absorption, development time, extensibility, proving time, tolerance index, and gelatinization. Refined wheat flour proportion was kept constant, whereas that of GCS had prior treatment of germinated (G), grounded/untreated (U), and roasted (R) by 2%, 4%, and 6%, respectively. The values for water absorption (500 B.U.) ranged from 66.4% to 71.6%, whereas the values for water absorption (14.0%) ranged from 63.3% to 70.7%. The development times for the flour blend formulations ranged from 5.2 to 6.5 min for samples T0, T10G to T18R. The tolerance index improved from sample T0, T10G to T18R with the inclusion of GCS flour, i.e. from 73 to 113 BU. Extensograph values were taken at curves corresponding to proving periods of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The energy area declined and the extension resistance increased as the proving time increased. All of the sample ratio values were between 1.5 and 5. The dough obtained from mixes of roasted GCS and untreated i.e. powered GCS with refined wheat flour enhanced the amylographic parameters of the amylogram peak maximum, temperature, and gel viscosity. T16R attained the highest point at 59.5ºC, followed by T15U6, T14U4, and T13U2 at 58.4, 57.1, and 55.9 ºC, respectively. The results demonstrated that combining GCS flour improved the rheological properties and quality of the flour dough. This dough can be used to manufacture bread and other bakery goods because to its high nutritional value and beneficial benefits on human health.
Genetic Variability and Direct Selection Parameters in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. M. Thell.)
Authors: Maurya Ramesh Kumar , Singh Alok Kumar , Maurya Bharat Lal , Rao N. V. Durga Prasad , Singh Vishal , Lal Kanhaiya
Published: November 2023

The experiment on 141 genotypes of wheat consisting one hundred ten F1’s,twenty-seven parental lines (22 females + 5 males) and four standard varieties (UP-2338, PBW-550, NW-1067 and NW-5054) of wheat was conducted to work out the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance estimates of various attributes. The maximum value of phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and genotypic coefficients of variance (GCV) were recorded in case of tillers per plant (PCV=13.37%, GCV=8.94%) and biological yield per plant (PCV=10.40%, GCV= 5.47). High estimates of heritability (>30%) were recorded for tillers per plant (44.74), harvest index (34.45), grain yield per plant (31.51) and 1000-grain weight (30.54). Moderate estimates of genetic advance (10-20%) were recorded for tillers per plant (12.32). High heritability and high or moderate genetic advance indicated the that there was additive gene action for the determination of the characters and this confirmed that these characters could be utilized for making efficient selection strategies for development of improved wheat varieties.
Evaluation of Antisickling Activity and Antibacterial Potential of Methanolic Root Extract of Ximenia americana Linn. (Olacacaea)
Authors: Bagu David Great , Otokpa Ede Samuel , Amagon Kennedy Iliya
Published: November 2023

Aims: This research work was done in order to evaluate invitro antisickling activity, and antibacterial potentials of the methanolic root extract of Ximenia americana, Linn. Olacaceae.
Study Design: It is an experimental research work.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria. The study was carried out between December, 2019 to June, 2020.
Methodology: Evaluation of the antisickling activity of the methanolic root extract of Ximenia americana was carried out in two-fold; viz. the ability of the plant extract to inhibit or prevent sickling (antisickling effect) of erythrocytes from blood samples obtained from sickle cell disease (SCD) volunteers on one hand, and the ability of the extract to reversed pre-sickled erythrocytes using standard protocols. The antibacterial assay was done using microtiter broth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on some selected encapsulated bacterial (E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Klebsiella pneumonia) that have been reported to caused complications in SCD. 
Results: The methanolic root extract of Ximenia americana showed a concentration dependent antisickling activity across concentration gradient. The percent sickling inhibition was dose-dependent (0.05 mg = 60 %, 0.5 mg = 62 %, 1 mg = 88 %, 2 mg = 87 %, and 4 mg = 90 %), this result was statistically significant (p < 0.05 vs control) when compared to the untreated group (25 %). Similarly, the result of the sickle red cell reversal by the test extract demonstrated a percent dose-dependent reversibility (0.05 mg = 36 %, 0.5 mg = 40 %, 1 mg = 48 %, 2 mg = 58 %, and 4 mg = 63 %), a result that was significantly (p < 0.5 vs control) compared to the control (19 %). The antimicrobial assay result showed that, the sensitivity of the selected microorganisms to the plant extract was concentration dependent. Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis showed better sensitivity to the extract with higher zones of inhibition (8 mm and 7 mm) at 80 mg/mL concentration.
Conclusion: Methanolic root extract of Ximenia americana L demonstrated a significant dose-dependence antisickling and sickle cell reversal activities, with p < 0.05 vs control. Also, the extract showed sensitivity against some selected bacteria isolates as a result possess antibacterial activity against susceptible microorganism.
Domestic Violence and the Welfare of the Nigerian Child: An Evaluation of the Role of Child Protection Services and Law Enforcement Authorities
Authors: Diriwari Wilson
Published: November 2023

This paper assesses how child protection services and law enforcement agencies deal with domestic violence and its effects, on children's welfare. It also examines the efficiency of frameworks and investigates the difficulties these institutions encounter in offering sufficient protection and assistance to children exposed to domestic violence.
Racial and Ethnic Disparity in Preoperative Chemosensitivity and Survival in Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Roy Arya Mariam , Patel Archit , Catalfamo Kayla , Attwood Kristopher , Khoury Thaer , Yao Song , Gandhi Shipra
Published: November 2023

Importance

It remains unclear what survival benefit is associated with preoperative chemosensitivity after receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) among patients with resectable breast cancer from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds.

Objective

To investigate racial and ethnic disparities in chemosensitivity and association with survival in patients with early-stage breast cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study queried data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) between calendar years 2010 and 2018. Participants included patients with breast cancer with clinical stage I to III disease treated with NACT. Preoperative chemosensitivity was defined as very sensitive (ypT0N0), sensitive (pathologic TNM stage less than clinical stage, excluding ypT0N0), and refractory (pathologic stage greater than or equal to clinical stage). Data were analyzed in November 2022.

Exposure

Receipt of NACT and clinicopathologic and treatment factors contributing to racial and ethnic disparities in survival.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall survival of patients from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds who received NACT.

Results

This study included 103 605 patients (median age, 53 [IQR, 44-62] years, 99.5% [n = 103 060] women, and 68.7% [n = 71 203] White race). Among them, breast cancer was refractory in 43.2% (n = 44 796), sensitive in 34.4% (n = 35 638), and very sensitive in 22.4% (n = 23 171) of patients. In the hormone receptor–positive ERBB2 negative (formerly HER2 negative) group, patients had more refractory disease regardless of race or ethnicity (all races and ethnicities refractory: 54%-59%; P < .001). Among ERBB2 positive disease, Black patients had a lower percentage of very sensitive disease (32% vs 37%-40%; P < .001) and among triple-negative breast cancer, more refractory disease was seen among Black patients compared with other races and ethnicities (38% vs 30%-35%; P < .001). In refractory (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.47-1.60; P < .001) and sensitive (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.17-1.33; P < .001) disease, Black patients had a higher mortality risk compared with White patients in the overall cohort. Asian patients had a lower mortality risk compared with White patients in refractory (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63-0.80; P < .001), sensitive (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.69; P < .001), and very sensitive (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.82; P < .001) disease groups in the overall cohort.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, Black patients had a higher mortality risk compared with White patients among those with residual disease after NACT. This highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies for Black patients to help them attain pathologic complete response.
Mapping Psychomotor Behavior in the Brain
Authors: Walther Sebastian , Heckers Stephan
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint describes a new conception of brain regions that may be associated with abnormal psychomotor behaviors in psychotic and mood disorders.
Teratoma pathology and genomics in anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Lee Kwanghoon , Lee Cheol , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun , Won Jae‐Kyung , Lee Soon‐Tae
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Ovarian teratoma is a common occurrence in patients with anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis (NMDARe), and its removal is crucial for a favorable prognosis. However, the initial pathogenesis of autoimmunity in the encephalitic teratoma remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the genomic landscape and microscopic findings by comparing NMDARe‐associated teratomas and non‐encephalitic control teratomas.

Materials and Methods

A prospective consecutive cohort of 84 patients with NMDARe was recruited from January 2014 to April 2020, and among them, patients who received teratoma removal surgery at Seoul National University Hospital were enrolled. We conducted a comparison of whole‐exome sequencing data and pathologic findings between NMDARe‐associated teratomas and control teratomas.

Results

We found 18 NMDARe‐associated teratomas from 15 patients and compared them with 17 non‐encephalitic control teratomas. Interestingly, the genomic analysis revealed no significant differences in mutations between encephalitic and non‐encephalitic teratomas. Pathologic analysis showed no discrepancies in terms of the presence of neuronal tissue and lymphocytic infiltration between the encephalitic teratomas (n = 14) and non‐encephalitic teratomas (n = 18). However, rituximab‐naïve encephalitic teratomas exhibited a higher frequency of germinal center formation compared to non‐encephalitic teratomas (80% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.017). Additionally, rituximab‐treated encephalitic teratomas demonstrated a reduced number of CD20+ cells and germinal centers in comparison to rituximab‐naïve encephalitic teratomas (P = 0.048 and 0.023, respectively).

Discussion

These results suggest that the initiation of immunopathogenesis in NMDARe‐associated teratoma is not primarily attributed to intrinsic tumor mutations, but rather to immune factors present in the encephalitic patient group, ultimately leading to germinal center formation within the teratoma.
2022 NSDUH finds most people with SUD don't seek treatment
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2023

The measures have changed since 2020, so the 2022 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) can't be compared to previous years before then. Still, the survey, released last week by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), provides some useful information about how people living in the United States report their experience with substance use and treatment (the survey also includes mental health measures, as it has for years).
Scarab Beetle‐Inspired Embodied‐Energy Membranous‐Wing Robot with Flapping‐Collision Piezo‐Mechanoreception and Mobile Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Hou Kaiyu , Tan Ting , Wang Zhemin , Wang Benlong , Yan Zhimiao
Published: November 2023

The mechanoreception system in bionic micro air vehicles, akin to insect sensory neurons, handles internal and external stimulus information. However, current onboard mechanoreception methods add weight and necessitate additional power. Employing the embodied energy design paradigm, a lightweight intelligent membranous wing is proposed, mimicking the scarab beetle's hindwing morphology and kinematics. This wing serves multiple functions, including aerodynamic load‐bearing, flight piezo‐mechanoreception, and power supply. The beetle's semi‐tubular costa structure is replicated, featuring a compliant leading edge for upstroke aerodynamic load resistance. Inspired by beetle hindwing veins and membranes, the bionic wing with three membranous fields: anal, medial, and apical, using heat lamination of multilayer materials is fabricated. The bionic wing's aerodynamic performance closely mirrors that of a real beetle hindwing, enabling various flight maneuvers and validating its real‐flight potential. As a piezo‐mechanoreception receptor for micro air vehicles, the bionic intelligent wing senses flapping frequency, wing deformations, and collisions through voltage signals from piezoelectric materials in the three membranous fields. Energy harvested from flapping‐wing motion powers onboard light intensity and ultraviolet sensors for mobile 3D environmental monitoring. This integration of aerodynamics, mechanoreception, and power supply via embodied flapping energy offers a novel approach for designing future intelligent flapping‐wing micro air vehicles.
Structural Lithium Incorporated with the Crystalline Poly(Triazine Imide) Frameworks for Selective Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization
Authors: Lyu Shihuan , Wang Jiali , Zhou Yuqiao , Wei Changgeng , Liang Xiaocong , Yu Zhiyang , Lin Wei , Hou Yidong , Yang Can
Published: November 2023

Carbon nitride (CN) materials have been employed as catalysts in many scientific fields. Moreover, highly crystalline CN as an ideal model material for key problems in catalytic reaction research has received a lot of attention. Herein, the Li+ incorporated highly crystalline poly(triazine imide) (PTI–Li+) with a well‐defined structure is successfully fabricated through the ionothermal method. The atomically dispersed Li in the PTI–Li+ serve as the active sites in the selective catalytic oxidation of H2S, and the interaction between Li ions and PTI–Li+ framework extends electron delocalization and modulate electronic band structure resulting in improved O2 and H2S adsorption and activation ability. Consequently, PTI–Li+ shows excellent selective catalytic desulfurization activity and durability. This work not only designs an efficient desulfurization catalyst but also demonstrates the role of these atomically dispersed Li ions in PTI–Li+ during the catalytic reaction, enlightening the deeper understanding and wider application of carbon nitride materials.
Structural Color‐Based Smart Liquid Windows Address the Tradeoff Between High Optical Transparency and Brilliant Color
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Dongpeng , Ma Dekun , Qi Chenze , Huang Shaoming
Published: November 2023

It is challenging for traditional smart windows to possess both high optical transparency (90%, 380–780 nm) and brilliant colors since they are usually contradictory to each other. Here, novel liquid thermal‐responsive smart windows (TSWs) exhibiting high optical transparency (94%), bright iridescent forward scattering structural color, and extremely weak reflective structural colors are fabricated by constructing a refractive index (RI)‐matched non‐close‐packing ordered structure with large lattice distances and thus unique light diffraction mechanisms. The transmittance (24‐94%) and dual‐mode structural color saturation (1–55 times) can be dynamically regulated by simply altering temperatures (20–100 °C), which can be attributed to the temperature‐dependent light diffraction and scattering efficiency. A new information encryption‐decryption technique is developed by combining TSWs with outstanding shapeability, recyclability, and flowability. The information is hidden under normal conditions, while 76 different pieces of information can be decrypted in programmable ways under different stimuli, showing their potential in anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption.
Boosting Low Temperature Performance of Lithium Ion Batteries at −40°С Using a Binary Surface Coated Li3V2(PO4)3 Cathode Material
Authors: Tong Jinshu , Su Anyu , Ma Teng , Ba Junjie , Wang Luyao , Zhang Zeyu , Qiu Jingyi , Chen Xibang , Wang Yizhan , Wei Yingjin
Published: November 2023

Severe capacity degradation at low temperatures (<−20°С) hampers wide applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in consumer electronics and electric vehicles. Existing works are dedicated to electrolyte modification because that electrolyte controls both Li+ transportation and interfacial reaction. However, the efforts on electrolytes are always hard to balance rate performance and low‐temperature capacity due to their high viscosity. Herein, a binary coating layer for Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material without changing electrolyte formulation is proposed, which significantly improves the high‐rate capability and low‐temperature performance of batteries. YPO4 nanoparticles are in situ formed in the amorphous surface carbon layer under the reaction between Li3V2(PO4)3 and Y(NO3)3 during post‐thermal treatment. The C+YPO4 binary coating reduces the side reactions of Li3V2(PO4)3 at high voltage. In addition, the binary surface coating also improves the interfacial kinetics of the electrode at low temperatures. Benefiting from these advantages, the Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material can cycle stably at ultra‐high rates up to 50 C. In addition, the capacity retention at −20 and −40 °С are improved to 89.1% and 75.7%, respectively. This binary surface‐coated Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode material shows promising application potential in low‐temperature LIBs.
Polar Organic Molecules Inserted in Vanadium Oxide with Enhanced Reaction Kinetics for Promoting Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Storage
Authors: Cheng Xiaojun , Xiang Zhengpeng , Yang Chen , Li Youyi , Wang Lei , Zhang Qi
Published: November 2023

The Zn2+ sluggish kinetics resulting from high desolvation barriers of Zn(H2O)62+ in the electrode/electrolyte interface restricts the practical application of Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, ethylene glycol (EG) molecules are inserted into V2O5·3H2O to form V‐EG nanoarray structures to improve the Zn2+ diffusion rate. Unlike most efforts focused on improving interlayer spacing and structural stability, the influence of EG on the Zn2+ desolvation and Zn2+ storage process are the main goals. Based on experimental and theoretical analysis, EG molecules are confirmed to participate in the reshaping of V2O5·3H2O morphology and Zn2+ solvation structure, which is beneficial to enhance the reaction kinetics and specific capacity. The polar group of the EG molecule leads it anchored in the VO skeleton and decreases the desolvation energy, while the steric hindrance of the low polarity group liberalizes Zn2+ transfer reversibly in the VO skeleton. Therefore, V‐EG delivers a higher ion diffusion coefficient and lower kinetic barrier. As expected, V‐EG exhibits a high specific capacity of 553 mA h g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 and a long cycle life of 10 000 cycles at 20 A g−1. This work provides a strategy to decrease the desolvation energy of Zn2+ in the interface of cathode materials toward advanced ZIBs.
Patterned Coating of Ionic Diode Arrays Toward Flexible Moist‐Electric Generators to Power Wireless Sensor Nodes
Authors: Yao Yuming , Lu Xulei , Fu Chunqiao , Zhang Yong , Fang Jiahao , Qin Jieyang , He Qi‐Chang , Yang Tingting
Published: November 2023

Ubiquitous moisture is attractive for developing sustainable mobile power sources. However, how to endow moisture‐electric generators (MEGs) with fine design, mass customization, high power output, and foldability is still a largely unsolved problem. In this work, based on the Patterned Coating method, use is made of modulated carbon nanotube, nano‐Al2O3, and liquid metal inks to design and fabricate MEGs with properties required for their applications. A single MEG of the ionic diode type thus fabricated can generate an open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.03 V and a short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 47.77 µA cm−2. Through large‐area integrated fabrication, an array containing 160 MEGs can generate a VOC of 154.1 V, and an array containing 100 MEGs can produce a short‐circuit current of 1.95 mA. In addition, the excellent wearability of MEG is verified by analyzing its electrical output performance after subjecting it to 800 cycles of bending deformations. The simple and cost‐saving fabrication technology issued from the work opens new perspectives for MEG applications and paves a path to their industrialization. For example, the customizable ionic diode arrays can meet the on‐demand power supply requirements of wireless sensor network nodes in the Internet of Things.
Laser‐Induced Positional and Chemical Lattice Reordering Generating Ferromagnetism
Authors: Pflug Theo , Pablo‐Navarro Javier , Anwar Md. Shabad , Olbrich Markus , Magén César , Ibarra Manuel Ricardo , Potzger Kay , Faßbender Jürgen , Lindner Jürgen , Horn Alexander , Bali Rantej
Published: November 2023

Atomic scale reordering of lattices can induce local modulations of functional material properties, such as reflectance and ferromagnetism. Pulsed femtosecond laser irradiation enables lattice reordering in the picosecond range. However, the dependence of the phase transitions on the initial lattice order as well as the temporal dynamics of these transitions remain to be understood. This study investigates the laser‐induced atomic reordering and the concomitant onset of ferromagnetism in thin Fe‐based alloy films with vastly differing initial atomic orders. The optical response to single femtosecond laser pulses on selected prototype systems, one that initially possesses positional disorder, Fe60V40, and a second system initially in a chemically ordered state, Fe60Al40, has been tracked with time. Despite the vastly different initial atomic orders the structure in both systems converges to a positionally ordered but chemically disordered state, accompanied by the onset of ferromagnetism. Time‐resolved measurements of the transient reflectance combined with simulations of the electron and phonon temperatures reveal that the reordering processes occur via the formation of a transient molten state with an approximate lifetime of 200 ps. These findings provide insights into the fundamental processes involved in laser‐induced atomic reordering, paving the way for controlling material properties in the picosecond range.
Dual‐Functional Injectable Hydrogel for Osteoarthritis Treatments
Authors: Lei Lei , Cong Rui , Ni Yifei , Cui Xin , Wang Xulei , Ren Hongmei , Wang Zun , Liu Mengyuan , Tu Jiasheng , Jiang Lei
Published: November 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, chronic degenerative disease that affects people worldwide. It is characterized by the destruction of cartilage and inflammatory reactions. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause oxidative stress, which damages lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to cell damage and death. Furthermore, ROS also induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and cell chemotaxis, further worsening the inflammatory response and damaging cartilage resulted in limited movement. Herein, this work reports a dual‐functional injectable hydrogel, which can help inhibit inflammation by scavenging ROS and provide lubrication to reduce wear and tear on the joints. To create the hydrogel, 3‐aminophenylboronic acid modified hyaluronic acid is synthesized, then which is crosslinked with hydroxyl‐containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to construct a dual dynamic covalent crosslinked hydrogel oHA‐PBA‐PVA gel, Gel (HPP). The hydrogel mentioned here possesses a unique bond structure that allows it to be injected, self‐heal, and provide lubrication. This innovative approach offers a new possibility for treating osteoarthritis by combining anti‐inflammatory and lubrication effects.
Self‐Assembled Acid‐Responsive Nanosystem for Synergistic Anti‐Angiogenic/Photothermal/Ferroptosis Therapy against Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Li Jiamei , He Siqin , Luan Siyuan , Zhang Haowen , Yang Yushang , Chen Xiaoting , Chen Yilong , Zhou Jianfeng , Fang Pinhao , Xiao Xin , Liang Zhiwen , Zeng Xiaoxi , Gao Huile , Yuan Yong
Published: November 2023

Esophageal cancer (EC) treatment via anti‐angiogenic therapy faces challenges due to non‐cytotoxicity and non‐specific biodistribution of the anti‐angiogenic agents. Hence, the quest for a synergistic treatment modality and a targeted delivery approach to effectively address EC has become imperative. In this study, an acid‐responsive release nanosystem (Bev‐IR820@FeIIITA) that involves the conjugation of bevacizumab, an anti‐angiogenic monoclonal antibody, with TA and Fe3+ to form a metal‐phenolic network, followed by loading with the near‐infrared photothermal agent (IR820) to achieve combinational therapy, is designed. The construction of Bev‐IR820@FeIIITA can be realized through a facile self‐assembly process. The Bev‐IR820@FeIIITA exhibits tumor‐targeting capabilities and synergistic therapeutic effects, encompassing anti‐angiogenic therapy, photothermal therapy (PTT), and ferroptosis therapy (FT). Bev‐IR820@FeIIITA exhibits remarkable proficiency in delivering drugs to EC tissue through its pH‐responsive release properties. Consequently, bevacizumab exerts its therapeutic effects by obstructing tumor angiogenesis, thereby impeding tumor growth. Meanwhile, PTT facilitates localized thermal ablation at the tumor site, directly eradicating EC cells. FT synergistically collaborates with PTT, giving rise to the formation of a reactive oxygen species (ROS) storm, subsequently culminating in the demise of EC cells. In summary, this amalgamated treatment modality carries substantial promise for synergistically impeding EC progression and showcases auspicious prospects for future EC treatment.
Biomimetic Corneal Stroma for Scarless Corneal Wound Healing via Structural Restoration and Microenvironment Modulation
Authors: Huang Jianan , Jiang Tuoying , Li Jinying , Qie Jiqiao , Cheng Xiaoyu , Wang Yiyao , Zhou Tinglian , Liu Jia , Han Haijie , Yao Ke , Yu Luyang
Published: November 2023

Corneal injury‐induced stromal scarring causes the most common subtype of corneal blindness, and there is an unmet need to promote scarless corneal wound healing. Herein, a biomimetic corneal stroma with immunomodulatory properties is bioengineered for scarless corneal defect repair. First, a fully defined serum‐free system is established to derive stromal keratocytes (hAESC‐SKs) from a current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP)‐grade human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs), and RNA‐seq is used to validate the phenotypic transition. Moreover, hAESC‐SKs are shown to possess robust immunomodulatory properties in addition to the keratocyte phenotype. Inspired by the corneal stromal extracellular matrix (ECM), a photocurable gelatin‐based hydrogel is fabricated to serve as a scaffold for hAESC‐SKs for bioengineering of a biomimetic corneal stroma. The rabbit corneal defect model is used to confirm that this biomimetic corneal stroma rapidly restores the corneal structure, and effectively reshapes the tissue microenvironment via proteoglycan secretion to promote transparency and inhibition of the inflammatory cascade to alleviate fibrosis, which synergistically reduces scar formation by ≈75% in addition to promoting wound healing. Overall, the strategy proposed here provides a promising solution for scarless corneal defect repair.
Quantitative Biofabrication Platform for Collagen‐Based Peripheral Nerve Grafts with Structural and Chemical Guidance
Authors: Wang Heran , Hao Yiming , Guo Kai , Liu Lianqing , Xia Bing , Gao Xue , Zheng Xiongfei , Huang Jinghui
Published: November 2023

Owing to its crucial role in the human body, collagen has immense potential as a material for the biofabrication of tissues and organs. However, highly refined fabrication using collagen remains difficult, primarily because of its notably soft properties. A quantitative biofabrication platform to construct collagen‐based peripheral nerve grafts, incorporating bionic structural and chemical guidance cues, is introduced. A viscoelastic model for collagen, which facilitates simulating material relaxation and fabricating collagen‐based neural grafts, achieving a maximum channel density similar to that of the native nerve structure of longitudinal microchannel arrays, is established. For axonal regeneration over considerable distances, a gradient printing control model and quantitative method are developed to realize the high‐precision gradient distribution of nerve growth factor required to obtain nerve grafts through one‐step bioprinting. Experiments verify that the bioprinted graft effectively guides linear axonal growth in vitro and in vivo. This study should advance biofabrication methods for a variety of human tissue‐engineering applications requiring tailored cues.
Engineered Synthetic Matrices for Human Intestinal Organoid Culture and Therapeutic Delivery
Authors: Mulero‐Russe Adriana , García Andrés J.
Published: November 2023

Human intestinal organoids (HIOs) derived from pluripotent stem cells or adult stem cell biopsies represent a powerful platform to study human development, drug testing, and disease modeling in vitro, and serve as a cell source for tissue regeneration and therapeutic advances in vivo. Synthetic hydrogels can be engineered to serve as analogs of the extracellular matrix to support HIO growth and differentiation. These hydrogels allow for tuning the mechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix, offering an advantage over biologically derived hydrogels such as Matrigel. Human intestinal organoids have been used for repopulating transplantable intestinal grafts and for in vivo delivery to an injured intestinal site. The use of synthetic hydrogels for in vitro culture and for in vivo delivery is expected to significantly increase the relevance of human intestinal organoids for drug screening, disease modeling, and therapeutic applications.
Integrated Bolometric Photodetectors Based on Transparent Conductive Oxides from Near‐ to Mid‐Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Gosciniak Jacek
Published: November 2023

On‐chip photodetectors are essential components in optical communications as they convert light into an electrical signal. Photobolometers are a type of photodetector that functions through a resistance change caused by electronic temperature fluctuations upon light absorption. They are widely used in the broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to mid‐infrared (MIR). In this work, a novel waveguide‐integrated bolometer that operates in a wide wavelength range from near‐infrared to MIR is introduced on the standard material platform with the transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) as the active material. This material platform enables the construction of both modulators and photodetectors using the same material, which is fully complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible and easily integrated with passive on‐chip components. The photobolometers proposed here consist of a thin TCO layer placed inside the rib photonic waveguide to enhance light absorption and then heat the electrons in the TCO. This rise in electron temperature leads to decreasing electron mobility and consequential electrical resistance change. In consequence, a responsivity exceeding 10 A W−1 can be attained with a mere few microwatts of optical input power. Calculations suggest that further improvements can be expected with lower doping of the TCO, thus opening new doors in on‐chip photodetectors.
Zinc–Bromine Batteries: Challenges, Prospective Solutions, and Future
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Zheng Zhi , Chen Yuan
Published: November 2023

Zinc‐bromine batteries (ZBBs) have recently gained significant attention as inexpensive and safer alternatives to potentially flammable lithium‐ion batteries. Zn metal is relatively stable in aqueous electrolytes, making ZBBs safer and easier to handle. However, Zn metal anodes are still affected by several issues, including dendrite growth, Zn dissolution, and the crossover of Br species from cathodes to corrode anodes, resulting in self‐discharge and fast performance fading. Similarly, Br2 undergoes sluggish redox reactions on cathodes, which brings several issues such as poor reaction kinetics, the highly corrosive nature of Br species leading to corrosion of separators and poisoning of anodes, and the volatile nature of Br species causing increased internal pressures, etc. These issues are compounded in flowless ZBB configuration as no fresh electrolyte is available to provide extra/fresh reaction species. In this review, the factors controlling the performance of ZBBs in flow and flowless configurations are thoroughly reviewed, along with the status of ZBBs in the commercial sector. The review also summarizes various novel methodologies to mitigate these challenges and presents research areas for future studies. In summary, this review will offer a perspective on the historical evolution, recent advancements, and prospects of ZBBs.
Supramolecular Salt‐Assisted Quasi‐Solid‐State Electrolyte Promoting Dual Conductive Interface for High‐Energy‐Density Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chai Simin , Zhong Yue , Wang Yijiang , He Qiong , Azizi Alireza , Chen Leyuan , Ren Xueting , Wei Weifeng , Liang Shuquan , Chang Zhi , Pan Anqiang
Published: November 2023

Ion electrokinetic regulation in gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is of great significance in alleviating dendrite growth and electrode corrosion of metallic lithium in lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a supramolecular LiPAAOB salt‐assisted GPEs (3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs) is synthesized to improve the ionic electrodynamics of LMBs. The LiPAAOB conductor salt provides sufficient Li+ ions while simultaneously facilitating LiTFSI dissociation. Theses dissociated Li+ ions can be further anchored firmly by enriched affinitive sites (─C═O, ─C─O) induced in 3D composite polymer skeleton (PALC). Due to the strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions between PALC and LiPAAOB/LiTFSI, a stable coordination structure is thereby constructed in 3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs, which then facilitates Li+ ions to transport rapidly along polymer chains. Consequently, the electrochemical stable window and ionic conductivity of the 3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs are increased to as high as 5.3 V and 1.34 mS cm−1, respectively. The Li+/e− double conducting interfaces in situ formed on Li metal anode and active particles in cathodes can effectively inhibit dendrite growth and electrode corrosion. As a result, both Li||3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs||Li symmetrical battery and flexible 3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs‐based pouch cell with high LFP loading operate stably even under folded and curly state, indicating the application possibility of using 3D‐DIS‐1.25% GPEs in constructing various flexible high‐energy‐density batteries.
A Rigid Multiple Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Core Toward Stable Electroluminescence and Lasing
Authors: Tang Xun , Xie Mingchen , Lin Zesen , Mitrofanov Kirill , Tsagaantsooj Tuul , Lee Yi‐Ting , Kabe Ryota , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Matsushima Toshinori , Hatakeyama Takuji , Adachi Chihaya
Published: November 2023

The investigation of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic laser devices with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules is emerging due to the potential of harnessing triplets. In this work, a boron/nitrogen multiple‐resonance TADF polycyclic framework fusing carbazole units (CzBNPh) was proposed. CzBNPh exhibited a narrowband emission (<30 nm), a unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and a fast radiative rate. Consequently, CzBNPh demonstrated a low distributed feedback (DFB) lasing threshold of 0.68 μJ cm−2. Furthermore, the stimulated emission zone of CzBNPh was effectively separated from its singlet and triplet absorption, thereby minimizing the singlet‐triplet annihilation under long‐pulsed excitation ranging from 20 μs to 2.5 ms. Significantly, the enhanced rigid molecular conformation, thermal stability, and photo‐stability resulted in improved lasing and electroluminescence stability compared to that of 5,9‐diphenyl‐5,9‐diaza‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracene (DABNA)‐core. These findings indicate the potential of CzBN‐core as a promising framework for achieving long‐pulsed wave and electrically‐pumped lasing in the future.
The importance of parenting self‐efficacy and social support for family quality of life in children newly diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder: A one‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Dai Yushen , Chen Miaoying , Deng Tao , Huang Baoqin , Ji Yan , Feng Yongshen , Liu Shaofei , Zhang Lifeng
Published: November 2023

Improving the quality of family life (FQoL) is one of the ultimate goals for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) intervention, and parenting self‐efficacy and social support are critical for the well‐being of families. However, longitudinal studies focusing on FQoL and its predictors for families of children with ASD are scarce. This study aims to describe the characteristics of FQoL among parents of children newly diagnosed with ASD at two waves (newly diagnosed and diagnosed after one year) and to explore the predictors of FQoL at two waves. It was conducted at a tertiary hospital in Guangzhou, China. A total of 156 parents and their children were included in Wave 1, followed up with 110 in Wave 2 after 1 year. The overall satisfaction of FQoL improved (t = −2.128, p < 0.05), while satisfaction with physical/material well‐being decreased (t = 5.972, p < 0.01). Additionally, the overall importance rating of FQoL improved but did not have statistical significance (p > 0.05). Parents with higher parenting self‐efficacy (β = 0.716, P < 0.01), and more subjective social support (β = 1.127, p < 0.001) reported higher satisfaction with FQoL, and those with better social support utilization (β = 1.066, p < 0.05) reported higher importance for FQoL. FQoL needs to be improved in the early stage of ASD diagnosis, and parental self‐efficacy and social support can serve as the intervention targets.
CRISPR‐Cas9 technology: As an efficient genome modification tool in the cancer diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Behrouzian Fard Ghazaleh , Ahmadi Mohammad Hossein , Gholamin Mehran , Amirfakhrian Razieh , Saberi Teimourian Elahe , Karimi Mohammad Ali , Hosseini Bafghi Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Cancer is the second most common cause of death globally and is a major public health concern. Managing this disease is difficult due to its multiple stages and numerous genetic and epigenetic changes. Traditional cancer diagnosis and treatment methods have limitations, making it crucial to develop new modalities to combat the increasing burden of cancer. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has transformed genetic engineering due to its simplicity, specificity, low cytotoxicity, and cost‐effectiveness. It has been proposed as an effective technology to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies. This article presents the most recent discoveries regarding the structure, mechanism, and delivery methods of the highly powerful genome editing tool, CRISPR‐Cas9. In terms of diagnosis, the article examines the role of CRISPR‐Cas9 in detecting microRNAs and DNA methylation, and discusses two popular gene detection techniques that utilize the CRISPR‐Cas system: DNA endonuclease‐targeted CRISPR trans reporter and specific high sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking. Regarding treatment, the article explores several genes that have been identified and modified by CRISPR‐Cas9 for effective tumorigenesis of common cancers such as breast, lung, and colorectal cancer. The present review also addresses the challenges and ethical issues associated with using CRISPR‐Cas9 as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. Despite some limitations, CRISPR‐Cas9‐based cancer diagnosis has the potential to become the next generation of cancer diagnostic tools, and the continuous progress of CRISPR‐Cas9 can greatly aid in cancer treatment.
Eosinophil may be a predictor of immune‐related adverse events induced by different immune checkpoint inhibitor types: A retrospective multidisciplinary study
Authors: Tasaki Yoshihiko , Sugiyama Yosuke , Hamamoto Shuzo , Naiki Taku , Uemura Takehiro , Yokota Keisuke , Kawakita Daisuke , Nakamura Motoki , Ogawa Ryo , Shimura Takaya , Mimura Yoshihisa , Hotta Yuji , Odagiri Kunihiro , Ito Nanami , Iida Moeko , Kimura Yuka , Komatsu Hirokazu , Kataoka Hiromi , Takiguchi Shuji , Morita Akimichi , Iwasaki Shinichi , Okuda Katsuhiro , Niimi Akio , Yasui Takahiro , Furukawa‐Hibi Yoko
Published: November 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause severe immune‐related adverse events (irAEs). However, biomarkers for irAEs common to different types of ICIs and cancers have not been reported. This study examined whether eosinophils can be used as a predictor of irAEs.

Methods

Six hundred fourteen patients with cancer (esophageal, gastric, head and neck, lung, melanoma, renal cell, urothelial, and other cancer) received anti‐PD‐1, anti‐PD‐L1, or anti‐CTLA‐4 plus anti‐PD‐1 therapy. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether they experienced irAEs (irAE group) or not (non‐irAE group). Eosinophils were examined before the two‐course treatment.

Results

Patients in the irAE group who received anti‐PD‐1 or anti‐CTLA‐4 plus anti‐PD‐1 therapy had higher eosinophils before the two‐course treatment than those in the non‐irAE group (p < 0.05). The eosinophils in the anti‐PD‐L1 therapy group tended to increase in the irAE group. Furthermore, eosinophils in gastric, head and neck, lung, melanoma, renal, and urothelial cancers were significantly higher in the irAE group than in the non‐irAE group (p < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value for eosinophils against irAEs was 3.0% (area under the curve = 0.668). In multivariate analyses, eosinophils of ≥3.0% were an independent factor for irAEs (odds ratio: 2.57, 95% CI: 1.79–3.67).

Conclusion

An increased eosinophil before the two‐course treatment may be a predictor of irAEs in various cancers treated with different ICIs.