The Gene Ontology resource: enriching a GOld mine
Authors:   The Gene Ontology Consortium, Carbon Seth , Douglass Eric , Good Benjamin M , Unni Deepak R , Harris Nomi L , Mungall Christopher J , Basu Siddartha , Chisholm Rex L , Dodson Robert J , Hartline Eric , Fey Petra , Thomas Paul D , Albou Laurent-Philippe , Ebert Dustin , Kesling Michael J , Mi Huaiyu , Muruganujan Anushya , Huang Xiaosong , Mushayahama Tremayne , LaBonte Sandra A , Siegele Deborah A , Antonazzo Giulia , Attrill Helen , Brown Nick H , Garapati Phani , Marygold Steven J , Trovisco Vitor , dos Santos Gil , Falls Kathleen , Tabone Christopher , Zhou Pinglei , Goodman Joshua L , Strelets Victor B , Thurmond Jim , Garmiri Penelope , Ishtiaq Rizwan , Rodríguez-López Milagros , Acencio Marcio L , Kuiper Martin , Lægreid Astrid , Logie Colin , Lovering Ruth C , Kramarz Barbara , Saverimuttu Shirin C C , Pinheiro Sandra M , Gunn Heather , Su Renzhi , Thurlow Katherine E , Chibucos Marcus , Giglio Michelle , Nadendla Suvarna , Munro James , Jackson Rebecca , Duesbury Margaret J , Del-Toro Noemi , Meldal Birgit H M , Paneerselvam Kalpana , Perfetto Livia , Porras Pablo , Orchard Sandra , Shrivastava Anjali , Chang Hsin-Yu , Finn Robert Daniel , Mitchell Alexander Lawson , Rawlings Neil David , Richardson Lorna , Sangrador-Vegas Amaia , Blake Judith A , Christie Karen R , Dolan Mary E , Drabkin Harold J , Hill David P , Ni Li , Sitnikov Dmitry M , Harris Midori A , Oliver Stephen G , Rutherford Kim , Wood Valerie , Hayles Jaqueline , Bähler Jürg , Bolton Elizabeth R , De Pons Jeffery L , Dwinell Melinda R , Hayman G Thomas , Kaldunski Mary L , Kwitek Anne E , Laulederkind Stanley J F , Plasterer Cody , Tutaj Marek A , Vedi Mahima , Wang Shur-Jen , D’Eustachio Peter , Matthews Lisa , Balhoff James P , Aleksander Suzi A , Alexander Michael J , Cherry J Michael , Engel Stacia R , Gondwe Felix , Karra Kalpana , Miyasato Stuart R , Nash Robert S , Simison Matt , Skrzypek Marek S , Weng Shuai , Wong Edith D , Feuermann Marc , Gaudet Pascale , Morgat Anne , Bakker Erica , Berardini Tanya Z , Reiser Leonore , Subramaniam Shabari , Huala Eva , Arighi Cecilia N , Auchincloss Andrea , Axelsen Kristian , Argoud-Puy Ghislaine , Bateman Alex , Blatter Marie-Claude , Boutet Emmanuel , Bowler Emily , Breuza Lionel , Bridge Alan , Britto Ramona , Bye-A-Jee Hema , Casas Cristina Casals , Coudert Elisabeth , Denny Paul , Estreicher Anne , Famiglietti Maria Livia , Georghiou George , Gos Arnaud , Gruaz-Gumowski Nadine , Hatton-Ellis Emma , Hulo Chantal , Ignatchenko Alexandr , Jungo Florence , Laiho Kati , Le Mercier Philippe , Lieberherr Damien , Lock Antonia , Lussi Yvonne , MacDougall Alistair , Magrane Michele , Martin Maria J , Masson Patrick , Natale Darren A , Hyka-Nouspikel Nevila , Orchard Sandra , Pedruzzi Ivo , Pourcel Lucille , Poux Sylvain , Pundir Sangya , Rivoire Catherine , Speretta Elena , Sundaram Shyamala , Tyagi Nidhi , Warner Kate , Zaru Rossana , Wu Cathy H , Diehl Alexander D , Chan Juancarlos N , Grove Christian , Lee Raymond Y N , Muller Hans-Michael , Raciti Daniela , Van Auken Kimberly , Sternberg Paul W , Berriman Matthew , Paulini Michael , Howe Kevin , Gao Sibyl , Wright Adam , Stein Lincoln , Howe Douglas G , Toro Sabrina , Westerfield Monte , Jaiswal Pankaj , Cooper Laurel , Elser Justin 
Published: December 2020

The Gene Ontology Consortium (GOC) provides the most comprehensive resource currently available for computable knowledge regarding the functions of genes and gene products. Here, we report the advances of the consortium over the past two years. The new GO-CAM annotation framework was notably improved, and we formalized the model with a computational schema to check and validate the rapidly increasing repository of 2838 GO-CAMs. In addition, we describe the impacts of several collaborations to refine GO and report a 10% increase in the number of GO annotations, a 25% increase in annotated gene products, and over 9,400 new scientific articles annotated. As the project matures, we continue our efforts to review older annotations in light of newer findings, and, to maintain consistency with other ontologies. As a result, 20 000 annotations derived from experimental data were reviewed, corresponding to 2.5% of experimental GO annotations. The website (http://geneontology.org) was redesigned for quick access to documentation, downloads and tools. To maintain an accurate resource and support traceability and reproducibility, we have made available a historical archive covering the past 15 years of GO data with a consistent format and file structure for both the ontology and annotations.