bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The WID‐EC test for the detection and risk prediction of endometrial cancer
Authors: Barrett James E. , Jones Allison , Evans Iona , Herzog Chiara , Reisel Daniel , Olaitan Adeola , Mould Tim , MacDonald Nicola , Doufekas Konstantinos , Newton Claire , Crosbie Emma J. , Bjørge Line , Colombo Nicoletta , Dostalek Lukas , Costas Laura , Peremiquel‐Trillas Paula , Ponce Jordi , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Zikan Michal , Cibula David , Wang Jiangrong , Sundström Karin , Dillner Joakim , Widschwendter Martin
Published: December 2022

The incidence of endometrial cancer is rising. Measures to identify women at risk and to detect endometrial cancer earlier are required to reduce the morbidity triggered by the aggressive treatment required for advanced endometrial cancer. We developed the WID‐EC (Women's cancer risk IDentification‐Endometrial Cancer) test, which is based on DNA methylation at 500 CpG sites, in a discovery set of cervical liquid‐based cytology samples from 1086 women with and without an endometrial cancer (217 cancer cases and 869 healthy controls) with a worse prognosis (grade 3 or ≥stage IB). We validated the WID‐EC test in an independent external validation set of 64 endometrial cancer cases and 225 controls. We further validated the test in 150 healthy women (prospective set) who provided a cervical sample as part of the routine Swedish cervical screening programme, 54 of whom developed endometrial cancer within 3 years of sample collection. The WID‐EC test identified women with endometrial cancer with a receiver operator characteristic area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88‐0.97) in the external set and of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74‐0.89) in the prospective validation set. Using an optimal cutoff, cancer cases were detected with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 90% in the external validation set, and a sensitivity and specificity of 52% and 98% respectively in the prospective validation set. The WID‐EC test can identify women with or at risk of endometrial cancer.
Rates of instrumental vaginal birth and cesarean and quality of maternal and newborn health care in private versus public facilities: Results of the IMAgiNE EURO study in 16 countries
Authors: Lazzerini Marzia , Valente Emanuelle Pessa , Covi Benedetta , Rozée Virginie , Costa Raquel , Otelea Marina Ruxandra , Abderhalden‐Zellweger Alessia , Węgrzynowska Maria , Linden Karolina , Arendt Maryse , Brigidi Serena , Miani Céline , Pumpure Elizabete , Radetic Jelena , Drandic Daniela , Cerimagic Amira , Nedberg Ingvild Hersoug , Liepinaitienė Alina , Rodrigues Carina , de Labrusse Claire , Baranowska Barbara , Zaigham Mehreen , Castañeda Lara Martín , Batram‐Zantvoort Stephanie , Jakovicka Dārta , Ruzicic Jovana , Juciūtė Simona , Santos Teresa , Gemperle Michael , Tataj‐Puzyna Urszula , Elden Helen , Mizgaitienė Marija , Lincetto Ornella , Sacks Emma , Mariani Ilaria ,   IMAgiNE EURO study group
Published: December 2022

Objective

To explore the quality of maternal and newborn care (QMNC) during the COVID‐19 pandemic by facility type among 16 European countries, comparing rates of instrumental vaginal birth and cesarean.

Methods

Women who gave birth in the WHO European Region from March 1, 2020, to February 7, 2022, answered a validated online questionnaire. Rates of instrumental birth, instrumental vaginal birth, and cesarean, and a QMNC index were calculated for births in public versus private facilities.

Results

Responses from 25 206 participants were analyzed. Women giving birth in private compared with public facilities reported significantly more frequent total cesarean (32.5% vs 19.0%; aOR 1.70; 95% CI 1.52–1.90), elective cesarean (17.3% vs 7.8%; aOR 1.90; 95% CI 1.65–2.19), and emergency cesarean before labor (7.4% vs 3.9%; aOR 1.39; 95% CI 1.14–1.70) (P < 0.001 for all comparisons), with analyses by country confirming these results. QMNC index results were heterogeneous across countries and regions in the same country and were largely affected by geographical distribution of regions rather than by type of facility alone.

Conclusion

The study confirms that births in private facilities have higher odds of cesarean. It also suggests that QMNC should be closely monitored in all facilities to achieve high‐quality care, independent of facility type or geographical distribution.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier

NCT04847336
The design of compounds with desirable properties – The anti‐HIV case study
Authors: Novak Jurica , Pathak Prateek , Grishina Maria A. , Potemkin Vladimir A.
Published: December 2022

Efficacy and safety are among the most desirable characteristics of an ideal drug. The tremendous increase in computing power and the entry of artificial intelligence into the field of computational drug design are accelerating the process of identifying, developing, and optimizing potential drugs. Here, we present novel approach to design new molecules with desired properties. We combined various neural networks and linear regression algorithms to build models for cytotoxicity and anti‐HIV activity based on Continual Molecular Interior analysis (CoMIn) and Cinderella's Shoe (CiS) derived molecular descriptors. After validating the reliability of the models, a genetic algorithm was coupled with the Des‐Pot Grid algorithm to generate new molecules from a predefined pool of molecular fragments and predict their bioactivity and cytotoxicity. This combination led to the proposal of 16 hit molecules with high anti‐HIV activity and low cytotoxicity. The anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 activity of the hits was predicted.
Revival of psychology in former Czechoslovakia and the contemporary Czech Republic after the fall of Totalitarian communist regimes
Authors: Heller Daniel
Published: December 2022

After the general societal and political change in November 1989 in Czechoslovakia, the subject “History of Psychology” became the stable component of curriculum of studying psychology at the Department of Psychology of Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague. The author of this paper has taught “History of Psychology” in Czech since 1998 for more than 20 years all students of psychology and he is teaching this subject the students of ERASMUS+ program from whole Europe, studying at Charles University in Prague, now. Indivisible part of the curriculum is represented by the history of Czechoslovak and Czech psychology. In References, the most important publications in the field of history of Czechoslovak and Czech psychology are presented.
Cat‐Ear‐Line: A Sonographic Sign of Cortical Development?
Authors: Matsuzawa Nana , Poon Liona C. , Machida Megumi , Nakamura Takako , Uenishi Kohtaro , Wah Yi Man , Moungmaithong Sakita , Itakura Atsuo , Chiyo Hideaki , Pooh Ritsuko K.
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Diagonal echogenic lines outside the lateral ventricle have often been observed in the anterior coronal planes of the normal fetal brain by neurosonography. We have observed abnormal shapes of these echogenic lines in cases of malformation of cortical development (MCD). We named the ultrasound finding “cat‐ear‐line” (CEL). This study aimed to examine how and when CEL develops in normal cases compared with MCD cases.

Methods

We retrospectively examined the fetal brain volume dataset acquired through transvaginal 3D neurosonography of 575 control cases and 39 MCD cases from 2014 to 2020. We defined CEL as the hyperechogenic continuous lines through subplate (SP) and intermediate zone (IZ), pre‐CEL as the lines that existed only within the SP, and abnormal CEL as a mass‐like or mosaic shadow‐like structure that existed across the SP and IZ. All fetuses in the MCD group had some neurosonographic abnormalities and were ultimately diagnosed with MCD.

Results

The CEL was detected in 97.9% (369/377) of the control group from 19 to 30 weeks. The CEL visualization rate of the MCD group in the same period was 40.0% (14/35) which was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < .001).

Conclusions

From this study, it appears that the CEL is an ultrasound finding observed at and beyond 19 weeks in a normally developing fetus. In some MCD cases, pre‐CEL at and beyond 19 weeks or abnormal CEL was observed. Maldeveloped CEL at mid‐trimester may help identify cases at‐risk of subsequent MCD.
Usability of Real‐Time Elastography for the Diagnosis of Primary Open Angle and Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Authors: Incekalan Tuğba Kurumoğlu , Peköz Burçak Çakır
Published: December 2022

Objectives

This study aims to investigate real‐time elastography (RTE) use in the evaluation of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary structures for the diagnosis of primary open angle (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation (PEX) glaucoma.

Methods

This case–controlled study included 30 patients with POAG, 30 patients with PEX glaucoma, and 30 age‐matched control subjects. All of the participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmological examinations covering vessel density of optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements with optical cohorence tomography angiography and mean deviation (MD) measurements with Humphrey II Perimetry Visual Field Analyzer. In vivo evaluation of the biomechanical properties of the ONH and peripapillary structures were performed with RTE in all participants.

Results

We observed higher ratios of orbital fat to optic nerve head (ROFON) values (P = .008) and strain ratios of orbital fat to scleral–choroidal–retinal complex (ROFSCR) values (P = .004) in the POAG group compared with PEX glaucoma group and higher ROFON (P = .012) and ROFSCR values (P = .004) in PEX glaucoma group than the control group. ROFON and ROFSCR values were positively correlated with glaucoma duration and negatively correlated with MD, radial peripapillary vessel density (RPCVD), and inside disc vessel density in both glaucoma groups (P < .005; only in the PEX glaucoma group for MD and ROFSCR, P = .445).

Conclusion

Determining the biomechanical properties of ONH and peripapillary structures with RTE in glaucomatous eyes may offer a new perspective on the diagnosis and follow‐up of the progression of the disease.
Acoustic Screening of the “Wet voice”: Proof of Concept in an ex vivo Canine Laryngeal Model
Authors: Rameau Anaïs , Andreadis Katerina , Ganesan Vinayak , Lachs Mark S , Rosen Tony , Wang Fei , Maddox Alexandra , Klinck Holger , Khosla Sid M. , de Luzan Charles Farbos , Madhusudhana Shyam
Published: December 2022

Background

Current protocols for bedside swallow evaluation have high rates of false negative results. Though experts are not consistently able to screen for aspiration risk by assessing vocal quality, there is emerging evidence that vocal acoustic parameters are significantly different in patients at risk of aspiration. Herein, we aimed to determine whether the presence of material on the vocal folds in an excised canine laryngeal model may have an impact on acoustic and aerodynamic measures.

Methods

Two ex vivo canine larynges were tested. Three liquids of different viscosities (1:100 diluted glycerin, pure glycerin, and honey‐thick Varibar) were placed on the vocal folds at a constant volume. Acoustic and aerodynamic measures were obtained in both adducted and abducted vocal fold configurations. Intraglottal high‐speed imaging was used to approximate the maximum divergence angle of the larynges in the studied conditions and examine its relationship to vocal efficiency (VE) and acoustic measures.

Results

In glottic insufficiency conditions only, we found that several acoustic parameters could predict the presence of material on the vocal folds. Based on the combination of the aerodynamic and acoustic data, we found that decreased spectral energy in the higher harmonics was associated with decreased VE in the presence of material on the vocal folds and/or glottic insufficiency.

Conclusion

Decreased spectral energy in the higher harmonics of the voice was found to be a potential biomarker of swallowing dysfunction, as it correlates with decreased vocal efficiency due to material on the vocal folds and/or glottic insufficiency, both of which are known risk factors for aspiration.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:2517–2524, 2023
Nanoplasmon‐Nanoplasma Transition in Cu Nanoparticle: Distinction of Electron Emission
Authors: Huang Xiang , Huang Hao , Han Xu , Cao Wei , Zhang Qingbin , Lu Peixiang
Published: December 2022

The electron response of nanoplasmon and nanoplasma in the laser field is greatly important for improving the functionality and efficiency of many potential applications. However, how and under what conditions the nanoplasmon‐nanoplasma transition works remains poorly understood due to radiation damage and charge buildup. Utilizing the combined aerodynamic lens and velocity map imaging spectrometer, this transition mediated by different mechanisms are demonstrated, as verified by the distinct photoelectron momentum distributions from Cu nanoparticles. Initially the polarization‐dependent distributions emphasize the domination of surface emission driven by the plasmonic field. Subsequently the transition starts and the competition of volume‐multiphoton and thermionic emission plays the intermediate state dominating the transition process. Finally, a complete plasma is generated with the leading role of thermionic emission, which is confirmed by first observing the correlated electronic decay in metal nanoparticles. These findings bridge the gap between electron emission in nanoplasmonic and nanoplasma states and identify the mechanism‐specific contributions, which will offer general principles for designing nanostructure and laser fields to control electron excitation and emission in practice.
How celebrity status and gaze direction in ads drive visual attention to shape consumer decisions
Authors: D'Ambrogio Simone , Werksman Noah , Platt Michael L. , Johnson Elizabeth N.
Published: December 2022

Marketers have long used celebrity endorsement to help viewers build strong brand‐product associations. Celebrity endorsements increase brand awareness and recall, but how celebrity endorsements shape the decision process remains unclear. A wealth of research indicates that people tend to follow someone else's gaze, yet its effects in advertisements have been largely unexplored. We recruited 77 participants to investigate the effect of celebrities and gaze‐cueing in advertisements on both gaze behavior and binary choices. We combined computational modeling with eye‐tracking and pupillometry to identify which internal components of processing are affected by celebrity endorsement. We found that gaze‐cueing and celebrity endorsement influence gaze allocation and option selection. Further, results from computational modeling, eye‐tracking, and pupillometry revealed that the effect of celebrity endorsement on decisions can be explained as an offset in the starting point of an evidence accumulation process as well as changes in the rate of accumulation, thereby biasing choice.
Incremental subgradient algorithms with dynamic step sizes for separable convex optimizations
Authors: Yang Dan , Wang Xiangmei
Published: December 2022

We consider the incremental subgradient algorithm employing dynamic step sizes for minimizing the sum of a large number of component convex functions. The dynamic step size rule was firstly introduced by Goffin and Kiwiel [Math. Program., 1999, 85(1): 207‐211] for the subgradient algorithm, soon later, for the incremental subgradient algorithm by Nedic and Bertsekas in [SIAM J. Optim., 2001, 12(1): 109‐138]. It was observed experimentally that the incremental approach has been very successful in solving large separable optimizations and that the dynamic step sizes generally have better computational performance than others in the literature. In the present paper, we propose two modified dynamic step size rules for the incremental subgradient algorithm and analyse the convergence and complexity properties of them. At last, the assignment problem is considered and the incremental subgradient algorithms employing different kinds of dynamic step sizes are applied to solve the problem. The computational experiments show that the two modified ones converges dramatically faster and more stable than the corresponding one in [SIAM J. Optim., 2001, 12(1): 109‐138]. Particularly, for solving large separable convex optimizations, we strongly recommend the second one (see Algorithm 3.3 in the paper) since it has interesting computational performance and is the simplest one.
The role of histone deacetylases in embryonic development
Authors: Dsilva Priyanka , Pai Padmini , Shetty Manasa Gangadhar , Babitha Kampa S.
Published: December 2022

The basic units of chromatin are nucleosomes, that are made up of DNA wrapped around histone cores. Histone lysine residue is a common location for posttranslational modifications, with acetylation being the second most prevalent. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs/KATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs/KDACs) regulate histone acetylation, which is important in gene expression control. HDACs/KDACs regulate gene expressions through the repression of the transcription machinery. HDAC/KDAC isoforms play a major role during various stages of embryo development and neurogenesis. In specific, class I and II HDACs/KDACs are involved in cardiac muscle differentiation and development. An insight into different pathways and genes associated with embryonic development, the effect of HDAC/KDAC activity during the embryonic stem cell differentiation, preimplantation, embryo development, gastrulation, and the role of different HDAC/KDAC inhibitors during the process of embryogenesis is summarized in the present review article.
Numerical analysis of two decoupled algorithms for a parabolic two domain problem
Authors: Shan Li , Zhang Haicheng
Published: December 2022

To investigate the fluid–fluid interaction problem, we study two first‐order in time, decoupled algorithms for a coupling system. This system consist of two heat equations, which are coupled by a condition that allows energy to pass back and forth across the interface. The first scheme is a combination of the three‐level implicit method with the coupling terms treated by the explicit leap‐frog method. Under a time step size condition, we prove that it is stable and first‐order convergent. To remove the time step size condition, we modify the treatment of the coupling interface term and propose a second scheme. Instead of making the interface term explicitly, we only lag the variable in the different subdomain onto the previous time step. As expected, the second scheme is proved to be stable and convergent unconditionally. Since both schemes only require the solution of two decoupled heat equations at each time step. Hence, they are efficient in computation and can be easily implemented by using legacy codes. The numerical tests also confirm our theoretical results.
Highly accurate difference schemes for time‐nonlocal Schrodinger type problems
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Sirma Ali , Ashyralyyev Charyyar
Published: December 2022

In this study, time‐nonlocal Schrodinger type problems are investigated. Single step absolute stable highly accurate difference schemes for the numerical solution of these problems are presented and theorems on the stability of these difference schemes are established. Numerical illustrations in test examples for the third and fourth order of accuracy difference schemes are presented.
Middle and high school teachers' perceptions of cyberbullying prevention and digital citizenship
Authors: Fredrick Stephanie S. , Coyle Samantha , King Jay'ana
Published: December 2022

Cyberbullying is a significant public health concern that has been associated with negative outcomes. The pandemic has increased the reliance on technology in the classroom; thus, research exploring cyberbullying in the classroom is even more important. Furthermore, it is important to understand teachers' perceptions of cyberbullying to inform efforts to support teachers in addressing cyberbullying. With a nationally representative sample of 174 teachers in the United States, a series of questionnaires were administered to investigate teachers' perceptions of cyberbullying, their preparedness to address cyberbullying, perceptions of effective strategies to address cyberbullying and whether social‐emotional learning programs used in their schools incorporate digital citizenship skills. Results indicated little change in the rates of cyberbullying in schools, but that teachers reported a need for training and professional development to best support them on this topic. Implications related to teacher educator preparation programs and school based interventions targeting cyberbullying are discussed.
Large‐eddy simulation of soil moisture heterogeneity‐induced secondary circulation with ambient winds
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Poll Stefan , Kollet Stefan
Published: December 2022

Land surface heterogeneity in conjunction with ambient winds influences the convective atmospheric boundary layer by affecting the distribution of incoming solar radiation and forming secondary circulations. This study performed coupled large‐eddy simulation (ICON‐LEM) with a land surface model (TERRA‐ML) over a flat river corridor mimicked by soil moisture heterogeneity to investigate the impact of ambient winds on secondary circulations. The coupled model employed double‐periodic boundary conditions with a spatial scale of 4.8 km. All simulations used the same idealized initial atmospheric conditions with constant incident radiation of 700 W⋅m−2 and various ambient winds with different speeds (0 to 16 m⋅s−1) and directions (e.g., cross‐river, parallel‐river, and mixed). The atmospheric states are decomposed into ensemble‐averaged, mesoscale, and turbulence. The results show that the secondary circulation structure persists under the parallel‐river wind conditions independently of the wind speed but is destroyed when the cross‐river wind is stronger than 2 m⋅s−1. The soil moisture and wind speed determine the influence on the surface energy distribution independent of the wind direction. However, secondary circulations increase advection and dispersive heat flux while decreasing turbulent energy flux. The vertical profiles of the wind variance reflect the secondary circulation, and the maximum value of the mesoscale vertical wind variance indicates the secondary circulation strength. The secondary circulation strength positively scales with the Bowen ratio, stability parameter (−Zi/L), and thermal heterogeneity parameter under cross‐river wind and mixed wind conditions. The proposed similarity analyses and scaling approach provide a new quantitative perspective on the impact of the ambient wind under heteronomous soil moisture conditions on secondary circulation.
Brown midrib mutant and genome‐wide association analysis uncover lignin genes for disease resistance in maize
Authors: Kolkman Judith M. , Moreta Danilo E. , Repka Ace , Bradbury Peter , Nelson Rebecca J.
Published: December 2022

Brown midrib (BMR) maize (Zea mays L.) harbors mutations that result in lower lignin levels and higher feed digestibility, making it a desirable silage market class for ruminant nutrition. Northern leaf blight (NLB) epidemics in upstate New York highlighted the disease susceptibility of commercially grown BMR maize hybrids. We found the bm1, bm2, bm3, and bm4 mutants in a W64A genetic background to be more susceptible to foliar fungal (NLB, gray leaf spot [GLS], and anthracnose leaf blight [ALB]) and bacterial (Stewart's wilt) diseases. The bm1, bm2, and bm3 mutants showed enhanced susceptibility to anthracnose stalk rot (ASR), and the bm1 and bm3 mutants were more susceptible to Gibberella ear rot (GER). Colocalization of quantitative trait loci (QTL) and correlations between stalk strength and disease traits in recombinant inbred line families suggest possible pleiotropies. The role of lignin in plant defense was explored using high‐resolution, genome‐wide association analysis for resistance to NLB in the Goodman diversity panel. Association analysis identified 100 single and clustered single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations for resistance to NLB but did not implicate natural functional variation at bm1–bm5. Strong associations implicated a suite of diverse candidate genes including lignin‐related genes such as a β‐glucosidase gene cluster, hct11, knox1, knox2, zim36, lbd35, CASP‐like protein 8, and xat3. The candidate genes are targets for breeding quantitative resistance to NLB in maize for use in silage and nonsilage purposes.
The reversible impairment of behavioral variant frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Schievink Wouter I. , Maya Marcel , Barnard Zachary , Taché Rachelle B. , Prasad Ravi S. , Wadhwa Vikram S. , Moser Franklin G. , Nuño Miriam
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Due to loss of brain buoyancy, spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks cause orthostatic headaches but also can cause symptoms indistinguishable from behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) due to severe brain sagging (including the frontal and temporal lobes), as visualized on brain magnetic resonance imaging. However, the detection of these CSF leaks may require specialized spinal imaging techniques, such as digital subtraction myelography (DSM).

Methods

We performed DSM in the lateral decubitus position under general anesthesia in 21 consecutive patients with frontotemporal dementia brain sagging syndrome (4 women and 17 men; mean age 56.2 years [range: 31–70 years]).

Results

Nine patients (42.8%) were found to have a CSF‐venous fistula, a recently discovered type of CSF leak that cannot be detected on conventional spinal imaging. All nine patients underwent uneventful surgical ligation of the fistula. Complete or near‐complete and sustained resolution of bvFTD symptoms was obtained by all nine patients, accompanied by reversal of brain sagging, but in only three (25.0%) of the twelve patients in whom no CSF‐venous fistula could be detected (P = 0.0011), and who were treated with non‐targeted therapies.

Discussion

Concerns about a spinal CSF leak should not be dismissed in patients with frontotemporal brain sagging syndrome, even when conventional spinal imaging is normal. However, even with this specialized imaging the source of the loss of spinal CSF remains elusive in more than half of patients.
Non‐cytopathic bovine viral diarrhoea virus 2 induces autophagy to enhance its replication
Authors: Shin Seung‐Uk , Han Du‐Gyeong , Cho Hyung‐Chul , Kim Eun‐Mi , Choi Kyoung‐Seong
Published: December 2022

Background

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is an important viral pathogen that has an economic impact on the livestock industry worldwide. Autophagy is one of the earliest cell‐autonomous defence mechanisms against microbial invasion, and many types of viruses can induce autophagy by infecting host cells.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of non‐cytopathic (ncp) BVDV2 infection.

Methods

Madin–Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells were treated with ncp BVDV2, rapamycin, or 3‐methyladenine (MA) and ncp BVDV2 and then incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested, and the effects of autophagy were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), confocal laser microscopy, western blotting and qRT‐PCR. Apoptotic analysis was also performed using western blotting and flow cytometry.

Results

In ncp BVDV2‐infected MDBK cells, more autophagosomes were observed by TEM, and the number of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) with green fluorescent protein puncta was also increased. The ncp BVDV2‐infected cells showed significantly enhanced conversion of LC3‐I to LC3‐II, as well as upregulation of autophagy‐related proteins, including ATG5 and Beclin 1, and substantial degradation of p62/SQSTM1. These results are similar to those induced by rapamycin, an autophagy inducer. E2 protein expression, which is associated with viral replication, increased over time in ncp BVDV2‐infected cells. Inhibition of autophagy by 3‐MA in ncp BVDV2‐infected MDBK cells downregulated the expressions of LC3‐II, ATG5 and Beclin 1 and prevented the degradation of p62/SQSTM1. Moreover, the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and procaspase‐3 were significantly increased in ncp BVDV2‐infected cells. In addition, the mRNA level of protein kinase R (PKR) was significantly reduced in ncp BVDV2‐infected cells.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that ncp BVDV2 infection induced autophagy in MDBK cells via anti‐apoptosis and PKR suppression. Therefore, autophagy may play a role in establishing persistent infection caused by ncp BVDV.
Migrant Perspectives on External Voting
Authors: Szulecki Kacper , Erdal Marta Bivand , Stanley Ben
Published: December 2022

This chapter explores migrants’ perspectives on voting in country-of-origin elections and on participation in democratic politics in countries of origin in Central and East Europe. We build on 80 semi-structured interviews with migrants from Poland and Romania, living in Barcelona, Spain, and Oslo, Norway. The chapter offers an analysis of their thoughts on and experiences of practicing external voting, as well as choosing not to cast a ballot in any given election. The first part explores the reasons why migrants do—or do not—vote “back home,” offering illustrations from our data, focusing on motivations for external voting, practicalities that impede or facilitate external voting, and discussing intersecting scales of motivation. These discussions are set within the context of migrants’ broader motivations to engage in politics transnationally, and intimately connected with their reflections on the principled question of the democratic legitimacy of external voting. The second part of the chapter extends the view from external voting to migrants’ own perspectives on transnational political engagement, including but not limited to external voting, as set within often transnational lifeworlds affected by both “here” and “there” in varying ways.
Trends in polytrauma incidence among major trauma admissions
Authors: Hardy Benjamin Maurice , King Kate Louise , Enninghorst Natalie , Balogh Zsolt Janos
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Polytrauma is increasingly recognized as a disease beyond anatomical injuries. Due to population growth, centralization, and slow uptake of preventive measures, major trauma presentations in most trauma systems show a slow but steady increase. The proportional contribution of polytrauma patients to this increase is unknown.

Methods

A 13-year retrospective analysis ending 31/12/2021 of all major trauma admissions (ISS > 15) to a level-1 trauma center were included. Polytrauma was classified using the Newcastle definition. Linear regression analysis was used to compare the rates of patient presentation over time. Logistic regression was used to measure for change in proportion of polytrauma. Data are presented as median (IQR), with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals as appropriate.

Results

5897 (age: 49 ± 43 years, sex: 71.3% male, ISS: 20 ± 9, mortality: 10.7%) major trauma presentations were included, 1,616 (27%) were polytrauma (age: 45 ± 37 years, 72.0% male, ISS: 29 ± 14, mortality: 12.7%). Major trauma presentations increased significantly over the study period (+ 8 patients per year (3–14), p < 0.01), aged significantly (0.42 years/year (0.25–0.59, p < 0.001). The number of polytrauma presentations per year did not change significantly (+ 1 patients/year (– 1 to 4, p > 0.2). Overall unadjusted mortality did not change (OR 0.99 (0.97–1.02). Polytrauma mortality fell significantly (OR 0.96 (0.92–0.99)) over the study period.

Conclusions

Polytrauma patients represent about 25% of the major trauma admissions, with higher injury severity, static incidence and higher but improving mortality in comparison to all major trauma patients. Separate reporting and focused research on this group are warranted as monitoring the entire major trauma cohort does not identify these specifics of this high acuity subgroup.
Identifying and prioritizing educational content from a malpractice claims database for clinical reasoning education in the vocational training of general practitioners
Authors: van Sassen Charlotte G. M. , van den Berg Pieter J. , Mamede Silvia , Knol Lilian , Eikens-Jansen Manon P. , van den Broek Walter W. , Bindels Patrick J. E. , Zwaan Laura
Published: December 2022

Diagnostic reasoning is an important topic in General Practitioners’ (GPs) vocational training. Interestingly, research has paid little attention to the content of the cases used in clinical reasoning education. Malpractice claims of diagnostic errors represent cases that impact patients and that reflect potential knowledge gaps and contextual factors. With this study, we aimed to identify and prioritize educational content from a malpractice claims database in order to improve clinical reasoning education in GP training. With input from various experts in clinical reasoning and diagnostic error, we defined five priority criteria that reflect educational relevance. Fifty unique medical conditions from a malpractice claims database were scored on those priority criteria by stakeholders in clinical reasoning education in 2021. Subsequently, we calculated the mean total priority score for each condition. Mean total priority score (min 5–max 25) for all fifty diagnoses was 17,11 with a range from 13,89 to 19,61. We identified and described the fifteen highest scoring diseases (with priority scores ranging from 18,17 to 19,61). The prioritized conditions involved complex common (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, renal insufficiency and cancer), complex rare (e.g., endocarditis, ectopic pregnancy, testicular torsion) and more straightforward common conditions (e.g., tendon rupture/injury, eye infection). The claim cases often demonstrated atypical presentations or complex contextual factors. Including those malpractice cases in GP vocational training could enrich the illness scripts of diseases that are at high risk of errors, which may reduce diagnostic error and related patient harm.
Fake news on Facebook and their impact on supply chain disruption during COVID-19
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Alamgir , Chowdhury Md. Maruf Hossan , Pappas Ilias O. , Metri Bhimaraya , Hughes Laurie , Dwivedi Yogesh K.
Published: December 2022

Social media (SM) fake news has become a serious concern especially during COVID-19. In this study, we develop a research model to investigate to what extent SM fake news contributes to supply chain disruption (SCD), and what are the different SM affordances that contribute to SM fake news. To test the derived hypotheses with survey data, we have applied partial least square based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique. Further, to identify how different configurations of SC resilience (SCR) capabilities reduce SCD, we have used fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The results show that SM affordances lead to fake news, which increases consumer panic buying (CPB); CPB in turn increases SCD. In addition, SM fake news directly increases SCD. The moderation test suggests that, SCR capability, as a higher-order construct, decreases the effect of CPB on SCD; however, neither of the capabilities individually moderates. Complimentarily, the fsQCA results suggest that no single capability but their three specific configurations reduce SCD. This work offers a new theoretical perspective to study SCD through SM fake news. Our research advances the knowledge of SCR from a configurational lens by adopting an equifinal means towards mitigating disruption. This research will also assist the operations and SC managers to strategize and understand which combination of resilience capabilities is the most effective in tackling disruptions during a crisis e.g., COVID-19. In addition, by identifying the relative role of different SM affordances, this study provides pragmatic insights into SM affordance measures that combat fake news on SM.
A Rating Framework for the Quality of Video Explanations
Authors: Ring Malte , Brahm Taiga
Published: December 2022

More and more teachers create video explanations for their instruction. Whether or not they are effective for learning depends on the videos’ instructional quality. Reliable measures to assess the quality of video explanations, however, are still rare, especially for videos created by (preservice) teachers. We developed such a measure in a two-step process: First, the categories were theoretically derived. Second, a coding manual was developed and used with 36 videos, which were created by preservice teachers during a university seminar. The resulting framework, which can be used as a coding manual for future research, consists of twelve criteria in five different categories: video content, learner orientation, representation and design, language, and process structure. With this framework, we contribute a reliable measure to evaluate the quality of existing videos. In practice, teachers can also use this measure as a guideline when creating or choosing video explanations for the classroom.
Finite element analysis of changes in tensile strain and deformation by airbag impact in eyes of various axial lengths
Authors: Kobayashi Ayaka , Izaki Ryosuke , Fujita Hideaki , Harada Kazuhiro , Ozaki Hiroaki , Kadonosono Kazuaki , Uchio Eiichi
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Airbags have substantially reduced mortality and morbidity, while ocular injuries caused by airbags have been reported. We applied a three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model we have established for evaluation of the deformation of an intact eyeball of various axial lengths induced by an airbag impact at various impact velocities.

Methods

A model human eye we have created was used in simulations with an FEA program, PAM-GENERIS™ (Nihon ESI, Tokyo, Japan). The airbag was set to impact eyes with various axial lengths of 21.85 mm (hyperopia), 23.85 mm (emmetropia) and 25.85 mm (myopia), at initial velocities of 30, 40, 50 and 60 m/s. Changes in the shape of the eye and the strain induced were calculated. Deformation of the eye in a cross-sectional view was displayed sequentially in slow motion.

Results

We found that considerable damage, such as corneal or scleral lacerations, was observed especially at higher impact velocities, such as 50 or 60 m/s, in eyes with any axial length. Deformation was most evident in the anterior segment. The decrease rate of axial length was greatest in the hyperopic eye, followed by the myopic eye, and the emmetropic eye.

Conclusions

It was shown that hyperopic eyes are most susceptible to deformation by an airbag impact in this simulation. The considerable deformation by an airbag impact on the eye during a traffic accident shown in this study might indicate the necessity of ocular protection to avoid permanent eye damage.
Reference the untouchable. On the limits of revising concepts using the method of cases
Authors: Sękowski Krzysztof
Published: December 2022

The paper investigates to what extent the method of cases can be interpreted as either a descriptive or a normative enterprise. I demonstrate that although most instances of the method of cases in most philosophical theories could be interpreted as being intended to either discover or revise the meaning of their target concepts, within a theory of reference this method cannot be used to shift the meaning of the concept of reference. The reason for this is that intuitions of extension in a theory of reference constitute a set of data that needs to be explained, while in most other philosophical theories they could either be abandoned in favor of intuitions of intension or serve as a criterion for the adequacy of the proposed definition of the target concept. This feature of a theory of reference is caused by the fact that an implicit understanding of what reference is in a theory of reference is usually assumed and is out of discussion. In effect, the claim in paradigmatic instances of the method of cases within a theory of reference does not concern whether an expression does or does not refer in particular cases, but rather what the reference of a certain expression is, and therefore it cannot be justified by intuitions of intension.
Using commonly-available technologies to create online multimedia lessons through the application of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning
Authors: Cavanagh Thomas M. , Kiersch Christa
Published: December 2022

Principles derived from the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML; Mayer in: Multimedia learning, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2021) provide valuable guidance for enlisting commonly-available technologies to create effective online multimedia lessons. Specifically, CTML can guide instructional designers on the use of slide-sharing programs to create concise, narrated animation segments; the use of survey programs to interpolate questions and prompts between these segments to facilitate generative learning activities; and the use of video-sharing sites to provide learners with control over relatively superficial aspects of instruction. The application of CTML to the design of online multimedia lessons raises a number of theoretical and practical questions, including the need to better understand the relationship between working memory capacity and working memory duration, the importance of retrieval as a learning process, and the relative impact of selection and organization processes on learning.
Affix polyfunctionality in French deverbal nominalizations
Authors: Salvadori Justine , Huyghe Richard
Published: December 2022

This article investigates the semantic polyfunctionality of affixes, i.e. their ability to serve a variety of distinct semantic functions. Based on the analysis of a sample of 3,091 deverbal nouns ending with 46 different suffixes in French, the study examines the diversity of semantic functions realized by deverbal suffixes, the distribution of these functions across suffixes and the relationships that may exist between different functions. It appears that polyfunctionality is widespread among French deverbal suffixes and involves a large number of semantic functions, with highly variable realization frequency. Several fundamental aspects of affix polyfunctionality are further highlighted. A probabilistic analysis shows that polyfunctionality can be driven by non-arbitrary semantic associations between functions. A hierarchy of functions can also be postulated depending on whether they can be instantiated by monosemous or only polysemous derivatives. In addition, polyfunctionality appears to be inseparable from rivalry relationships and to determine the degree of rivalry between affixes. Overall, the study illustrates that affix polyfunctionality is governed by systematic organizing principles whose ramifications touch on lexical ambiguity and morphological competition.
Organic photodiodes: device engineering and applications
Authors: Shan Tong , Hou Xiao , Yin Xiaokuan , Guo Xiaojun
Published: December 2022

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) have shown great promise for potential applications in optical imaging, sensing, and communication due to their wide-range tunable photoelectrical properties, low-temperature facile processes, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Extensive research work has been carried out on exploring materials, device structures, physical mechanisms, and processing approaches to improve the performance of OPDs to the level of their inorganic counterparts. In addition, various system prototypes have been built based on the exhibited and attractive features of OPDs. It is vital to link the device optimal design and engineering to the system requirements and examine the existing deficiencies of OPDs towards practical applications, so this review starts from discussions on the required key performance metrics for different envisioned applications. Then the fundamentals of the OPD device structures and operation mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the latest development of OPDs for improving the key performance merits is reviewed. Finally, the trials of OPDs for various applications including wearable medical diagnostics, optical imagers, spectrometers, and light communications are reviewed, and both the promises and challenges are revealed.

Graphical Abstract
Factors associated with food safety practice and drinking-water quality of food establishments in Bishoftu Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Girmay Aderajew Mekonnen , Mengesha Sisay Derso , Weldetinsae Abel , Alemu Zinabu Assefa , Dinssa Daniel Abera , Wagari Bedasa , Weldegebriel Mesaye Getachew , Serte Melaku Gizaw , Alemayehu Tsigereda Assefa , Kenea Moa Abate , Teklu Kirubel Tesfaye , Adugna Ermias Alemayehu , Gobena Waktole , Fikresilassie Getinet , Wube Wendayehu , Melese Abayew Wassie , Redwan Ekram , Tessema Masresha , Tollera Getachew
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Globally, food and waterborne diseases remain a critical public health problem, although the issue is severe in low and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify factors associated with food safety practices and the drinking water quality of food establishments.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 160 food outlets were enrolled using a systematic random sampling method. A structured questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect data. Descriptive, binary, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Drinking water samples were taken from the food establishments' drinking-water storage and were bacteriologically and chemically tested. Heat-sterilized bottles of 250 ml capacity for bacteriological and 1000 ml plastic bottles for chemical parameters were used to collect drinking-water samples.

Results

In this study, food establishments with female managers were 3.7 times higher in good food safety practices than those with male managers (AOR = 3.7, with 95% CI 1.33–10.21). Moreover, food establishments that owned trained food handlers in sanitation and hygiene were 4.8 times more likely to be in good food safety practices than those that did not have trained food handlers (AOR = 4.8, with 95% CI 1.37–17.00). Besides, food outlets with large service were 9.6 times higher in good food safety practices than those with small service (AOR = 9.6, with 95% CI 2.2–42.1). On the other hand, food outlets which had married managers were 0.3 times less likely to be in good food safety practices than those food establishments which had single managers (AOR = 0.3, with 95% CI 0.11–0.93). In this study, only 51% of the food establishments had good food safety practices. Besides, 29.5%, 16.8%, and 7.4% of the food outlets’ drinking-water samples were positive for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli, respectively.

Conclusion

Many vital factors influencing the food safety practice of food establishments were identified. Almost half of the food outlets had poor food safety practices. A significant number of drinking water samples from the food outlets' were contaminated. Therefore, food establishments should implement continuous monitoring and inspection systems to improve food safety practices. In addition, the government should implement an effective regulatory system to improve the food safety practices, water quality, sanitation, and hygiene services of the food outlets.