bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Filter before you parse
Authors: Palkar Shoumik , Abuzaid Firas , Bailis Peter , Zaharia Matei
Published: September 2018

Exploratory big data applications often run on raw unstructured or semi-structured data formats, such as JSON files or text logs. These applications can spend 80--90% of their execution time parsing the data. In this paper, we propose a new approach for reducing this overhead: apply filters on the data's raw bytestream
before
parsing. This technique, which we call raw filtering, leverages the features of modern hardware and the high selectivity of queries found in many exploratory applications. With raw filtering, a user-specified query predicate is compiled into a set of filtering primitives called raw filters (RFs). RFs are fast, SIMD-based operators that occasionally yield false positives, but never false negatives. We combine multiple RFs into an RF cascade to decrease the false positive rate and maximize parsing throughput. Because the best RF cascade is data-dependent, we propose an optimizer that dynamically selects the combination of RFs with the best expected throughput, achieving within 10% of the global optimum cascade while adding less than 1.2% overhead. We implement these techniques in a system called Sparser, which automatically manages a parsing cascade given a data stream in a supported format (e.g., JSON, Avro, Parquet) and a user query. We show that many real-world applications are highly selective and benefit from Sparser. Across diverse workloads, Sparser accelerates state-of-the-art parsers such as Mison by up to 22 × and improves end-to-end application performance by up to 9 ×.
Efficient distributed memory management with RDMA and caching
Authors: Cai Qingchao , Guo Wentian , Zhang Hao , Agrawal Divyakant , Chen Gang , Ooi Beng Chin , Tan Kian-Lee , Teo Yong Meng , Wang Sheng
Published: September 2018

Recent advancements in high-performance networking interconnect significantly narrow the performance gap between intra-node and inter-node communications, and open up opportunities for distributed memory platforms to enforce cache coherency among distributed nodes. To this end, we propose GAM, an efficient distributed in-memory platform that provides a directory-based cache coherence protocol over remote direct memory access (RDMA). GAM manages the free memory distributed among multiple nodes to provide a unified memory model, and supports a set of user-friendly APIs for memory operations. To remove writes from critical execution paths, GAM allows a write to be reordered with the following reads and writes, and hence enforces partial store order (PSO) memory consistency. A light-weight logging scheme is designed to provide fault tolerance in GAM. We further build a transaction engine and a distributed hash table (DHT) atop GAM to show the ease-of-use and applicability of the provided APIs. Finally, we conduct an extensive micro benchmark to evaluate the read/write/lock performance of GAM under various workloads, and a macro benchmark against the transaction engine and DHT. The results show the superior performance of GAM over existing distributed memory platforms.
Causal consistency and latency optimality
Authors: Didona Diego , Guerraoui Rachid , Wang Jingjing , Zwaenepoel Willy
Published: September 2018

Causal consistency is an attractive consistency model for geo-replicated data stores. It is provably the strongest model that tolerates network partitions. It avoids the long latencies associated with strong consistency, and, especially when using read-only transactions (ROTs), it prevents many of the anomalies of weaker consistency models. Recent work has shown that causal consistency allows "latency-optimal" ROTs, that are nonblocking, single-round and single-version in terms of communication. On the surface, this latency optimality is very appealing, as the vast majority of applications are assumed to have read-dominated workloads.

In this paper, we show that such "latency-optimal" ROTs induce an extra overhead on writes that is so high that it actually jeopardizes performance even in read-dominated workloads. We show this result from a practical as well as from a theoretical angle.

We present the Contrarian protocol that implements "almost latency-optimal" ROTs, but that does not impose on the writes any of the overheads incurred by latency-optimal protocols. In Contrarian, ROTs are nonblocking and single-version, but they require two rounds of client-server communication. We experimentally show that this protocol not only achieves higher throughput, but, surprisingly, also provides better latencies for all but the lowest loads and the most read-heavy workloads.

We furthermore prove that the extra overhead imposed on writes by latency-optimal ROTs is inherent, i.e., it is not an artifact of the design we consider, and cannot be avoided by
any
implementation of latency-optimal ROTs. We show in particular that this overhead grows linearly with the number of clients.
Moment-based quantile sketches for efficient high cardinality aggregation queries
Authors: Gan Edward , Ding Jialin , Tai Kai Sheng , Sharan Vatsal , Bailis Peter
Published: September 2018

Interactive analytics increasingly involves querying for quantiles over sub-populations of high cardinality datasets. Data processing engines such as Druid and Spark use mergeable summaries to estimate quantiles, but summary merge times can be a bottleneck during aggregation. We show how a compact and efficiently mergeable quantile sketch can support aggregation workloads. This data structure, which we refer to as the moments sketch, operates with a small memory footprint (200 bytes) and computationally efficient (50ns) merges by tracking only a set of summary statistics, notably the sample moments. We demonstrate how we can efficiently estimate quantiles using the method of moments and the maximum entropy principle, and show how the use of a cascade further improves query time for threshold predicates. Empirical evaluation shows that the moments sketch can achieve less than 1 percent quantile error with 15× less overhead than comparable summaries, improving end query time in the MacroBase engine by up to 7× and the Druid engine by up to 60×.
Perceiving Ideas
Authors: Hwang Joseph
Published: September 2018

At the heart of Descartes’s theory of cognition is the act of perceiving an idea. However, it remains unclear what precisely an idea is, what the act of perceiving ideas amounts to, and how that act contributes to the formation of cognition under Descartes’s view. In this paper, I provide an account of perceiving ideas that clarifies Descartes’s notion of an idea and explains the fundamental role that the perceiving of ideas occupies in his theory of cognition. At the end of the paper, I will address an issue that arises regarding the objective reality of ideas and the unity of mind.
A Variational Approach for the Neumann Problem in Some FLRW Spacetimes
Authors: Bereanu Cristian , Torres Pedro J.
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we study, using critical point theory for strongly indefinite functionals, the Neumann problem associated to some prescribed mean curvature problems in a FLRW spacetime with one spatial dimension. We assume that the warping function is even and positive and the prescribed mean curvature function is odd and sublinear. Then, we show that our problem has infinitely many solutions. The keypoint is that our problem has a Hamiltonian formulation. The main tool is an abstract result of Clark type for strongly indefinite functionals.
On middle cohomology of special Artin–Schreier varieties and finite Heisenberg groups
Authors: Tsushima Takahiro
Published: September 2018

We introduce a certain Artin–Schreier scheme over a finite field associated to a pair of coprime integers

(
m
,
n
)

{(m,n)}

with

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

divisible by the characteristic of the base field, and study the middle étale cohomology group of it. If m is even, the variety admits actions of some finite Heisenberg groups. We study the middle cohomology as representations of the Heisenberg groups. If m is odd, we compute the Frobenius eigenvalues of it concretely. This affine scheme comes from the reduction of a certain affinoid in a Lubin–Tate space.
Asphericity of positive free product length 4 relative group presentations
Authors: Aldwaik Suzana , Edjvet Martin , Juhász Arye
Published: September 2018

Excluding some exceptional cases, we determine the asphericity of the relative presentation

𝒫
=

〈

G
,
x

∣

a
⁢

x
m

⁢
b
⁢

x
n

〉

{\mathcal{P}=\langle G,x\mid ax^{m}bx^{n}\rangle}

, where

a
,
b

∈

G
∖

{
1
}

{a,b\in G\setminus\{1\}}

and

1
≤
m
≤
n

{1\leq m\leq n}

. If

H
=

〈
a
,
b
〉

≤
G

{H=\langle a,b\rangle\leq G}

, the exceptional cases occur when

a
=

b
2

{a=b^{2}}

or when H is isomorphic to

C
6

{C_{6}}

.
Unitary representations with non-zero Dirac cohomology for complex E
6
Authors: Dong Chao-Ping
Published: September 2018

This paper classifies the equivalence classes of irreducible unitary representations with non-vanishing Dirac cohomology for complex

E
6

{E_{6}}

. This is achieved by using our finiteness result, and by improving the computing method. According to a conjecture of Barbasch and Pandžić, our classification should also be helpful for understanding the entire unitary dual of complex

E
6

{E_{6}}

.
Compact Balanced Single-Band and Dual-Band BPFs with Controllable Bandwidth Using FoldedS-Shaped Slotline Resonators (FSSRs)
Authors: Zou Xin Tong , Yang Zhi Jie , Wei Feng , Li Bin , Shi Xiao Wei
Published: September 2018

In this paper, two compact balanced bandpass filters (BPFs) using half-wavelength folded S-shaped slotline resonators (FSSRs) are designed. The proposed FSSR is realized by extending and folding a traditional S-shaped slotline resonator, which can affect the internal coupling of resonator and reduce the size of the resonator. The balanced stepped-impedance microstrip-slotline transition structures are employed to generate a wideband common-mode (CM) suppression. The proposed filters can realize a single-band differential-mode (DM) bandpass response or a dual-band one by employing one or three FSSRs, respectively. Moreover, the center frequencies of the DM passbands are independent from the CM responses, which can simplify the designs procedure significantly. In order to validate their practicability, a compact balanced dual-band BPF with controllable center frequencies and bandwidths is fabricated and good agreement between the simulated and measured results is observed.
Effects of Economic Globalization, Foreign Capital Influx on Export in ECOWAS
Authors: Maiga Ousseini Amadou , Hu Xiaojuan , Mekongcho Terence Metuge , Coulibaly Salifou Kigbadjah
Published: September 2018

The relationships between globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and exports (trade) have been the subject of in-depth studies leading to mixed and inconclusive results. This study investigates how globalization and FDI influence and affect export, as well as the responsiveness of exports to globalization shocks in the West African ECOWAS region over the period 1980–2014. To investigate these phenomena, the study uses Panel VAR, cointegration methods and long-run estimation methods to estimate the short-run, cointegration and long-run relationships, as well as the responsiveness of export shocks due to economic globalization and FDI. The Panel VAR and Granger causality test results showed that there is a positive and significant effect as well as a causal relationship between economic globalization, non-export GDP, and short-term exports. Further, the study also shows that there is no significant effect and no causal relationship between FDI and exports in the short-run, but, FDI has a positive and significant relationship with export in the long-run in the ECOWAS region. The cointegration and long-run analysis showed the existence of cointegration and a long-run relationship between exports and the regressors included in this study.
An A
∞-coalgebra structure on a closed compact surface
Authors: Minnich Quinn , Umble Ronald
Published: September 2018

Let P be an n-gon with

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

. There is a formal combinatorial

A
∞

{A_{\infty}}

-coalgebra structure on cellular chains

C
*

⁢

(
P
)

{C_{*}(P)}

with non-vanishing higher order structure when

n
≥
5

{n\geq 5}

.
If

X
g

{X_{g}}

is a closed compact surface of genus

g
≥
2

{g\geq 2}

and

P
g

{P_{g}}

is a polygonal decomposition, the quotient map

q
:

P
g

→

X
g

{q\colon P_{g}\to X_{g}}

projects the formal

A
∞

{A_{\infty}}

-coalgebra structure on

C
*

⁢

(

P
g

)

{C_{*}(P_{g})}

to a quotient structure on

C
*

⁢

(

X
g

)

{C_{*}(X_{g})}

, which persists to homology

H
∗

⁢

(

X
g

;

ℤ
2

)

{H_{\ast}(X_{g};\mathbb{Z}_{2})}

, whose operations are determined by the quotient map q, and whose higher order structure is non-trivial if and only if

X
g

{X_{g}}

is orientable with

g
≥
2

{g\geq 2}

or unorientable with

g
≥
3

{g\geq 3}

.
But whether or not the

A
∞

{A_{\infty}}

-coalgebra structure on homology observed here is topologically invariant is an open question.
Antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and in vitro antitumor activities of coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids
Authors: Gabr Moustafa T.
Published: September 2018

Coumarin-benzothiazole hybrids are antitumor agents based on their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Compounds 5a–c were selected by National Cancer Institute (NCI), USA, to be screened for antitumor activity at a single dose (10 μm) against a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. The most active compound 5c was further screened at a five-dose level by NCI. Compound 5c displays half maximal growth inhibition (GI50) values of 0.24 and 0.33 μm against central nervous system (CNS) cancer (SNB-75) and ovarian cancer (OVCAR-4) cell lines, respectively. Compounds 5a–c were also screened for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.
Memory, Gender and Recognition in
Le Morte Darthur
Authors: Hunter Mikayla
Published: September 2018

This article examines recognition motifs in earlier English romances to better understand female perception and the use of recognition tokens in Le Morte Darthur. Drawing on the work of Mary Carruthers and Elisabeth van Houts on medieval concepts of memory and emotion and Anne Lester on women’s association with the care and keeping of relics, as well as the social and legal roles of women preserving knowledge of familial and sexual relationships, this article argues that medieval English understanding of disguise-perception was gendered and that in medieval culture women were considered to be better at recognising individuals than men. The use of recognition tokens in Middle English romance reflects this gendered view of perception; recognition scenes in Le Morte Darthur uphold this view. In addition, the materiality and efficacy of the recognition tokens in romance denotes the nature of the relationship between the perceiver and the disguised or transformed individual. Thus, when Malory introduces a recognition-token exchange scene between Isolde and Tristan and then frustrates their later recollections and recognitions of each other, he infuses Tristan and Isolde’s relationship with a sense of unease that foreshadows their tragic end.
The Lost Tomb of Arthur and Guinevere at Glastonbury Abbey
Authors: Clancy Matt
Published: September 2018

The monks of Glastonbury Abbey excavated what they claimed were the relics of Arthur and Guinevere in 1191 and installed them in a lavish tomb inside the Abbey. This article explores the material culture of this tomb, incorporating both its use in reality and its representation in Arthurian romance texts. In doing so, it argues that the creation of the tomb directly influenced the development of the Arthurian romance tradition. A survey of the surviving evidence shows that the tomb was presented as that of a real king, suggesting that its creators sought to emulate medieval royal tombs. This article therefore addresses surviving representations of the tomb as a space that is simultaneously both real and imagined.
How Public Libraries are Keeping Pace with the Times: Core Services of Libraries in Informational World Cities
Authors: Born Christian , Henkel Maria , Mainka Agnes
Published: September 2018

In a survey of 31 informational world cities, we investigate the state of the art public library core services. For this study, we applied the core service catalog developed by (Mainka, A., S. Hartmann, L. Orszullok, I. Peters, A. Stallmann, and W. G. Stock. 2013. “Public Libraries in the Knowledge Society: Core Services of Libraries in Informational World Cities.”Libri63 (4): 295–319. 10.1515/libri-2013-0024), counted the services offered by the libraries and compared findings with the results from 2013, allowing us to calculate a score for each library and rank them accordingly. An overall improvement of the range of services was observed, with North American libraries taking the top three positions in the ranking. To get a clearer picture of the challenges facing libraries today, personal interviews were also conducted with (chief) librarians, especially concerning developments such as maker spaces, increasing demand for information literacy instruction and the changing role of physical library space. The results presented in this paper highlight best practice examples of library services in prototypical cities of the knowledge society.
Stability and convergence of a local discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the general Lax equation
Authors: Wei Leilei , Mu Yundong
Published: September 2018

In this paper we develop and analyze the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method for solving the general Lax equation. The local discontinuous Galerkin method has the flexibility for arbitrary h and p adaptivity, and allows for hanging nodes. By choosing the numerical fluxes carefully we prove stability and give an error estimate. Finally some numerical examples are computed to show the convergence order and excellent numerical performance of proposed method.
Association of miRNA122 & ADAM17 with lipids among hypertensives in Nigeria
Authors: Meka Ijeoma A. , Anyim Obumneme B. , Enebe Joseph T. , Ukwaja Kingsley N. , Ugonabo Martin C.
Published: September 2018

Background

Dyslipidaemia and hypertension are established major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The suggested roles of miRNA-122 and ADAM17 in lipid metabolism can therefore be applied in the management of metabolic disorders. The authors’ aim was to determine the association between miRNA-122 and ADAM17, as well as the association between miRNA-122 and lipid fractions, in the study participants.

Method

A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 hypertensive patients and 100 non-hypertensive adult controls between May, 2015, and June, 2016, in Nigeria. Lipids were analysed with spectrophotometric methods whereas ADAM17 and miRNA-122 were analysed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively.

Results

The mean (standard deviation [SD]) ages of 200 hypertensives and 100 controls were 56.3 (6.9) and 54.9 (8.3) years, respectively. miRNA-112 and ADAM17 had significantly higher values among dyslipidaemic individuvals compared with non-dyslipidaemic participants. The correlation between miRNA-122 and ADAM17 levels was strongly positive, r=0.82, p<0.05. LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol also showed statistically significant positive correlation with miRNA-122, r=0.53, r=0.51, (p< 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion

In this study, miRNA-122 showed a strong correlation with ADAM17 and a positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol. These findings support the stimulant roles of miRNA-122 and ADAM17 in lipid metabolism and thus could be used in the management of dyslipidaemia.
Sleep deprivation in Intensive Care Unit – systematic review
Authors: Medrzycka-Dabrowska Wioletta , Lewandowska Katarzyna , Kwiecień-Jaguś Katarzyna , Czyż-Szypenbajl Katarzyna
Published: September 2018

Background

Sleep disturbances in intensive care unit (ICU) patients have been studied worldwide for over 30 years. Factors contributing to sleep disturbances are still being identified, and therapeutic procedures aimed at the mitigation of such ailments are consequently being developed.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to review the literature on sleep disturbances in intensive care unit patients.

Material and Methods

MEDLINE PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases have been searched using adequate keywords.

Results

Sleep disorders in ICUs were common among all of the analysed articles. Noise plays a significant role in sleep interruption (11.5 - 17% of awakenings). It was noted that the introduction of “white noise” into the ICU environment proved unsuccessful in reducing the magnitude of changing noise levels. Nursing care activities significantly disturb nocturnal rest, and 42.7 such procedures per every 12-hour night shift were registered. Aggregating nursing care interventions was suggested in order to reduce the number of stimuli experienced by the patient.

Conclusion

Changes in sleep structure developing during an ICU stay may significantly contribute to sleep disorders once the hospitalisation is over.
Crystal structure of methyl 2-((1-(2-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-1-naphthoate, C24H21N3O5
Authors: Sun Yutong , Hong Wei , Wang Hao
Published: September 2018

C24H21N3O5, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 8.4167(7) Å, b = 14.0370(10) Å, c = 34.664(3) Å, V = 4095.4(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0457, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1001, T = 150(2) K.
Kinetic study on the decomposition of cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in an ionic liquid/organic biphasic system
Authors: Zhang Heng , Wang Zhe , Yang Heng , Yang Hongyan
Published: September 2018

The kinetics of cellulose decomposition in an ionic liquid/organic solvent were investigated using microcrystalline cellulose as the raw material. Curve fitting of the cellulose degradation kinetic data was conducted using MATLAB. Results indicated that the catalytic decomposition reactions of cellulose, glucose and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), along with the diffusion process of 5-HMF, were all first-order reactions in the biphasic system. The decomposition rate constants of cellulose, glucose and 5-HMF, along with the diffusion coefficient of 5-HMF (k5), in the biphasic system were obtained using the first-order reaction model. The organic solvent could suppress the formation of by-products to a certain extent and reduced the activation energy of cellulose, glucose and 5-HMF degradation by 4.24 %, 5.17 % and 3.73 %, respectively, compared with cellulose degradation in ionic liquid. The amount of organic solvent had little effect on glucose yield within the optimum reaction time and did not ascertain the presence of glucose in the organic solvent. k5 was relatively small and increased with an increase in temperature, reaction time and amounts of [BMIM]Cl, catalyst and organic solvent, with temperature exerting the greatest effect.
Heterodyne standing-wave interferometer / Heterodynes Stehende-Welle-Interferometer
Authors: Ortlepp Ingo , Manske Eberhard , Zöllner Jens-Peter , Rangelow Ivo
Published: September 2018

This manuscript describes a novel standingwave arrangement with two laser sources of different wavelengths, emitting towards each other. The resulting standing wave has a continuously moving intensity profile, a thin, transparent photo sensor is inserted into. When the sensor is moved along the optical axis a frequency shift, proportional to the velocity, occurs. This frequency shift can be evaluated for the purpose of interferometric length measurements.
Ein neues Detektorkonzept für die Flüssigchromatographie basierend auf einem Split-Ring-Resonator / A new detector concept for liquid chromatography based on a split-ring resonator
Authors: Gehl Adrian , Zimmermann Stefan
Published: September 2018

In der Flüssigchromatographie sind optische Detektoren weit verbreitet. Einige Substanzen, deren optische Eigenschaften kaum von denen der mobilen Phase abweichen, können von diesen Detektoren jedoch nicht erfasst werden. In dieser Arbeit wird daher ein einfaches elektromagnetisches Detektorprinzip basierend auf einem Split-Ring-Resonator vorgestellt, das die dieletrischen Eigenschaften von Substanzen in der mobilen Phase auswertet. Allererste Messungen mit verschiedenen Testsubstanzen bestätigen die grundlegende Funktionalität des vorgestellten Detektors.
Kontinuierliche laterale Abtastung von Oberflächen durch axiale Regelung des Arbeitsabstandes in einem Nanokoordinatenmessgerät mit einem hochfrequent fokusabstandsmodulierten, fasergekoppelten, konfokalen Punktsensor / Lateral closed-loop scans of surfaces using a nano coordinate measuring system and a high-speed focal-distance modulated fibre-coupled confocal sensor
Authors: Gröschl Andreas , Schaude Janik , Hausotte Tino
Published: September 2018

In diesem Artikel wird ein neues Messverfahren zur Oberflächenmessung bei gleichzeitiger axialer Regelung des Arbeitsabstandes eines hochfrequent fokusabstandsmodulierten, fasergekoppelten, konfokalen Punktsensors in einem Nanokoordinatenmessgerät (NMM- 1) [4] vorgestellt. Während bei diesem Verfahren alle bekannten Vorteile der Konfokaltechnik beibehalten werden, stellt die innovative Kombination einer fasergekoppelten Beleuchtung und Detektion mit einer akustisch getriebenen, modulierbaren Flüssigkeitsgradientenlinse (engl. tunable, acoustically driven gradient-index fluid lens, Abk. TAG-Linse) [10] zur hochfrequenten Abstandmodulation des Fokus zusammen mit einer neuartigen Signalverarbeitung auf Basis einer Lock-in-Verstärkung eine wesentliche Verbesserung dar. Durch die Anordnung und Auswertung ergibt sich im Gegensatz zu konventionellen konfokalen Punktsensoren eine nahezu lineare Kennlinie, wobei die Richtung der Abweichung der Messobjektoberfläche relativ zur Fokusebene des Objektivs eindeutig bestimmt werden kann. Es wird insbesondere die Verwendung des Sensors sowie die Nutzung der resultierenden Kennlinie zur Regelung der Oberflächenposition in einem Nanokoordinatenmessgerät gezeigt. Im Gegensatz zum Verfahren konventioneller Konfokalsensoren, bei der lateral flächenhafte Abtastungen auf vielen diskreten axialen Höhen durchgeführt werden, um daraus für jeden lateralen Messpunkt durch eine Maximalwertsuche einen Höhenwert zu ermitteln, kann durch die gezeigte Nachregelung eine Oberflächenerfassung durch eine einzige laterale Abstastung erfolgen. Die sich daraus ergebende immense Zeitersparnis ist nicht nur wesentlich ökonomischer sondern weist aufgrund zeitlicher thermischer Driften auch geringere Messabweichungen auf.
Parallelverarbeitung von RSSI-Signalen für ein lückenloses Monitoring des HF-Spektrums im 2,45 GHz ISM-Band / Parallel processing of RSSI signals for gapless monitoring of the 2.45 GHz ISM band
Authors: Solzbacher Thomas , Heynicke Ralf , Scholl Gerd
Published: September 2018

WirelessHART und speziell an industrielle Bedingungen adaptierte WLAN- und Bluetooth- Systeme sind Beispiele für drahtlose Kommunikationssysteme, die sich für die Vernetzung von Sensoren und Aktoren im industriellen Umfeld etabliert haben. Im April diesen Jahres wurde ein zusätzlicher drahtloser Standard IO-Link Wireless [6] für die diskrete Fertigungsautomatisierung verabschiedet. Aufgrund der weltweiten Verfügbarkeit, was wiederum zu einer hohen Verfügbarkeit von kostengünstigen HF-Kommunikationskomponenten führt, wird häufig das lizenzfreie ISM-Band im 2,45 GHz-Bereich intensiv für die Kommunikation genutzt. Um Koexistenzprobleme zwischen den unterschiedlichen Systemen zu vermeiden, wurden bislang im wesentlichen Listen-Before- Talk, Frequency-Hopping und Blacklisting-Verfahren eingesetzt. Spektrumanalysatoren werden in der Regel offline als Monitoring- und Diagnose-Werkzeuge genutzt. In diesem Beitrag wird vorgeschlagen, diese zukünftig auch online in den laufenden Prozess zu integrieren, um eine mögliche Interferenz zwischen den um den Funkkanal konkurrierenden Kommunikationssystemen rechtzeitig zu erkennen bzw. vorherzusagen. Dazu müssen diese in der Lage sein, alle bekannten drahtlosen Systeme schnell und zuverlässig zu detektieren und zu klassifizieren. Ferner muss das Preisniveau dieser Spektrumanalysatoren erheblich unter dem von Labormessgeräten liegen, so dass diese im Sinne eines zusätzlichen Sensors einfach über bekannte Engineering-Werkzeuge in die Kommunikation eingebunden werden können.
Gene expression data analysis for characterizing shared and type specific mechanisms of HCC and B-CLL
Authors: Sucularli Ceren , Toprak Ugur , Arslantas Melda
Published: September 2018

Background

Comparing gene expression profiles using gene expression datasets of different types of tumors is frequently used to identify molecular mechanisms of cancer. This study aimed to find shared and type specific gene expression profiles of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL).

Material and methods

Gene expression microarrays for HCC and B-CLL and RNA-sequencing expression data for liver HCC and lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) were analyzed and differentially expressed probe sets or genes for each cancer type were detected. Probe sets and genes that were shared or specifically expressed in both cancer types were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) terms for Biological Process (BP) annotations were performed.

Results

According to our analysis shared upregulated genes were mainly annotated in cell cycle processes. Some of the genes that changed only in HCC were annotated in cell cycle and metabolic processes, and some of the genes, altered only in B-CLL, were annotated in immune response and hemopoiesis.

Conclusion

These results contribute to cancer research that aim to find the conserved gene expression profiles in different cancer types and widen the knowledge of HCC and B-CLL specific mechanisms.
Doxycycline hydrate and doxycycline hydrochloride dihydrate – crystal structure and charge density analysis
Authors: Tchoń Daniel , Makal Anna , Gutmann Matthias , Woźniak Krzysztof
Published: September 2018

High-resolution low-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments for doxycycline monohydrate and hydrochloride dihydrate have been performed. Translation-Libration-Screw (TLS) analysis for both crystal forms as well as the data from neutron diffraction experiment for hydrochloride combined with the Hansen-Coppens formalism resulted in precise charge density distribution models for both the zwitterionic monohydrate and a protonated hydrochloride crystal forms. Their detailed topological analysis suggested that the electron structure of doxycycline’s amide moiety undergoes significant changes during protonation due to formation of a very strong resonance-assisted hydrogen bond. A notably increased participation of amide nitrogen atom and hydrogen-accepting oxygen atom in the resonance upon doxycycline protonation was observed. A comparison of TLS- and neutron data-derived hydrogen parameters confirmed the experimental neutron data to be vital for proper description of intra- and inter-molecular interactions in this compound. Finally, calculated lattice and interaction energies quantified repulsive Dox-Dox interactions in the protonated crystal form of the antibiotic, relating with a good solubility of doxycycline hydrochloride relative to its hydrate.
New Generation of Hoek Cells
Authors: Roshan Hamid , Lv Adelina , Xu Yun , Masoumi Hossein , Regenauer-Lieb Klaus
Published: September 2018

A new generation of Hoek cells was designed and built to conduct triaxial testing on rock-like materials. The new design has the advantages of both conventional Hoek cells (e.g., minimal preparation and setup time) and conventional triaxial systems (e.g., on specimen radial deformation measurement), and it is capable of measuring the permeability at a controlled temperature. This quick release triaxial cell is robust, fast, and cost efficient and can be used for high pressure–high temperature experiments. In order to assess the robustness of the designed cell, a number of triaxial tests were carried out on different rock specimens (sandstone and marble) at different confining pressures (10, 30, and 50 MPa) and controlled temperatures (30°C and 60°C). In addition, the permeability measurement was conducted on the sandstone specimen under triaxial loading having 10 MPa confining pressure and 30°C temperature.
Visuomotor Correlates of Conflict Expectation in the Context of Motor Decisions
Authors: Derosiere Gerard , Klein Pierre-Alexandre , Nozaradan Sylvie , Zénon Alexandre , Mouraux André , Duque Julie
Published: September 2018

Many behaviors require choosing between conflicting options competing against each other in visuomotor areas. Such choices can benefit from top-down control processes engaging frontal areas in advance of conflict when it is anticipated. Yet, very little is known about how this proactive control system shapes the visuomotor competition. Here, we used electroencephalography in human subjects (male and female) to identify the visual and motor correlates of conflict expectation in a version of the Eriksen Flanker task that required left or right responses according to the direction of a central target arrow surrounded by congruent or incongruent (conflicting) flankers. Visual conflict was either highly expected (it occurred in 80% of trials; mostly incongruent blocks) or very unlikely (20% of trials; mostly congruent blocks). We evaluated selective attention in the visual cortex by recording target- and flanker-related steady-state visual-evoked potentials (SSVEPs) and probed action selection by measuring response-locked potentials (RLPs) in the motor cortex. Conflict expectation enhanced accuracy in incongruent trials, but this improvement occurred at the cost of speed in congruent trials. Intriguingly, this behavioral adjustment occurred while visuomotor activity was less finely tuned: target-related SSVEPs were smaller while flanker-related SSVEPs were higher in mostly incongruent blocks than in mostly congruent blocks, and incongruent trials were associated with larger RLPs in the ipsilateral (nonselected) motor cortex. Hence, our data suggest that conflict expectation recruits control processes that augment the tolerance for inappropriate visuomotor activations (rather than processes that downregulate their amplitude), allowing for overflow activity to occur without having it turn into the selection of an incorrect response.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotor choices made in front of discordant visual information are more accurate when conflict can be anticipated, probably due to the engagement of top-down control from frontal areas. How this control system modulates activity within visual and motor areas is unknown. Here, we show that, when control processes are recruited in anticipation of conflict, as evidenced by higher midfrontal theta activity, visuomotor activity is less finely tuned: visual processing of the goal-relevant location was reduced and the motor cortex displayed more inappropriate activations, compared with when conflict was unlikely. We argue that conflict expectation is associated with an expansion of the distance-to-selection threshold, improving accuracy while the need for online control of visuomotor activity is reduced.
Microglia Play an Active Role in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline
Authors: Cope Elise C. , LaMarca Elizabeth A. , Monari Patrick K. , Olson Lyra B. , Martinez Susana , Zych Anna D. , Katchur Nicole J. , Gould Elizabeth
Published: September 2018

Obesity affects >600 million people worldwide, a staggering number that appears to be on the rise. One of the lesser known consequences of obesity is its deleterious effects on cognition, which have been well documented across many cognitive domains and age groups. To investigate the cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity-associated cognitive decline, we used diet-induced obesity in male mice and found memory impairments along with reductions in dendritic spines, sites of excitatory synapses, increases in the activation of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, and increases in synaptic profiles within microglia, in the hippocampus, a brain region linked to cognition. We found that partial knockdown of the receptor for fractalkine, a chemokine that can serve as a “find me” cue for microglia, prevented microglial activation and cognitive decline induced by obesity. Furthermore, we found that pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation in obese mice was associated with prevention of both dendritic spine loss and cognitive degradation. Finally, we observed that pharmacological blockade of microglial phagocytosis lessened obesity-associated cognitive decline. These findings suggest that microglia play an active role in obesity-associated cognitive decline by phagocytosis of synapses that are important for optimal function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObesity in humans correlates with reduced cognitive function. To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying this, we used diet-induced obesity in mice and found impaired performance on cognitive tests of hippocampal function. These deficits were accompanied by reduced numbers of dendritic spines, increased microglial activation, and increased synaptic profiles within microglia. Inhibition of microglial activation by transgenic and pharmacological methods prevented cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss in obese mice. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the phagocytic activity of microglia was also sufficient to prevent cognitive degradation. This work suggests that microglia may be responsible for obesity-associated cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss.
Dreaming in NREM Sleep: A High-Density EEG Study of Slow Waves and Spindles
Authors: Siclari Francesca , Bernardi Giulio , Cataldi Jacinthe , Tononi Giulio
Published: September 2018

Dreaming can occur in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. We recently showed that in both REM and NREM sleep, dreaming is associated with local decreases in slow wave activity (SWA) in posterior brain regions. To expand these findings, here we asked how specific features of slow waves and spindles, the hallmarks of NREM sleep, relate to dream experiences. Fourteen healthy human subjects (10 females) underwent nocturnal high-density EEG recordings combined with a serial awakening paradigm. Reports of dreaming, compared with reports of no experience, were preceded by fewer, smaller, and shallower slow waves, and faster spindles, especially in central and posterior cortical areas. We also identified a minority of very steep and large slow waves in frontal regions, which occurred on a background of reduced SWA and were associated with high-frequency power increases (local “microarousals”) heralding the successful recall of dream content. These results suggest that the capacity of the brain to generate experiences during sleep is reduced in the presence of neuronal off-states in posterior and central brain regions, and that dream recall may be facilitated by the intermittent activation of arousal systems during NREM sleep.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy combining high-density EEG recordings with a serial awakening paradigm in healthy subjects, we show that dreaming in non-rapid eye movement sleep occurs when slow waves in central and posterior regions are sparse, small, and shallow. We also identified a small subset of very large and steep frontal slow waves that are associated with high-frequency activity increases (local “microarousals”) heralding successful recall of dream content. These results provide noninvasive measures that could represent a useful tool to infer the state of consciousness during sleep.
Amnesiac Is Required in the Adult Mushroom Body for Memory Formation
Authors: Turrel Oriane , Goguel Valérie , Preat Thomas
Published: September 2018

It was proposed that theDrosophila amnesiacgene (amn) is required for consolidation of aversive memory in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, a pair of large neurons that broadly innervate the mushroom bodies (MB), the fly center for olfactory learning and memory (Waddell et al., 2000). Yet, a conditional analysis showed that it was not possible to rescue the memory deficit ofamnX8null mutant flies whenamnexpression was restored only in the adult (DeZazzo et al., 1999), which led the authors to suggest thatamnmight be involved in the development of brain structures that normally promote adult olfactory memory. To further investigate temporal and spatial requirements of Amnesiac (AMN) peptide in memory, we used RNA interference in combination with conditional drivers. Experiments were conducted either in both sexes, or in either sexes. Our data show that acute modulation ofamnexpression in adult DPM neurons does not impact memory. We further show thatamnexpression is required for normal development of DPM neurons. Detailed enhancer trap analyses suggest thatamntranscription unit contains two distinct enhancers, one specific of DPM neurons, and the other specific of α/β MB neurons. This prompted us to investigate extensively the role of AMN in the adult MB. Together, our results demonstrate thatamnis acutely required in adult α/β MB neurons for middle-term and long-term memory. The data thus establish thatamnplays two distinct roles. Its expression is required in DPM neurons for their development, and in adult MB for olfactory memory.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTheDrosophila amnesiacgene encodes a neuropeptide whose expression was proposed to be required for consolidation of aversive memory in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, a pair of large neurons that broadly innervate the mushroom bodies (MB), the olfactory memory center. Here, we investigatedamnesiactemporal and spatial requirement using conditional tools that allowed us to manipulate its expression in selected neurons. This work leads to a complete reassessment of the role ofamnesiacin brain development and memory. We show thatamnesiacis required for two distinct processes: for normal development of DPM neurons, and in adult MB for memory.
Cortical Potentials Evoked by Subthalamic Stimulation Demonstrate a Short Latency Hyperdirect Pathway in Humans
Authors: Miocinovic Svjetlana , de Hemptinne Coralie , Chen Witney , Isbaine Faical , Willie Jon T. , Ostrem Jill L. , Starr Philip A.
Published: September 2018

A monosynaptic projection from the cortex to the subthalamic nucleus is thought to have an important role in basal ganglia function and in the mechanism of therapeutic subthalamic deep-brain stimulation, but in humans the evidence for its existence is limited. We sought physiological confirmation of the cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway using invasive recording techniques in patients with Parkinson's disease (9 men, 1 woman). We measured sensorimotor cortical evoked potentials using a temporary subdural strip electrode in response to low-frequency deep-brain stimulation in patients undergoing awake subthalamic or pallidal lead implantations. Evoked potentials were grouped into very short latency (<2 ms), short latency (2–10 ms), and long latency (10–100 ms) from the onset of the stimulus pulse. Subthalamic and pallidal stimulation resulted in very short-latency evoked potentials at 1.5 ms in the primary motor cortex accompanied by EMG-evoked potentials consistent with corticospinal tract activation. Subthalamic, but not pallidal stimulation, resulted in three short-latency evoked potentials at 2.8, 5.8, and 7.7 ms in a widespread cortical distribution, consistent with antidromic activation of the hyperdirect pathway. Long-latency potentials were evoked by both targets, with subthalamic responses lagging pallidal responses by 10–20 ms, consistent with orthodromic activation of the thalamocortical pathway. The amplitude of the first short-latency evoked potential was predictive of the chronic therapeutic stimulation contact.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first physiological demonstration of the corticosubthalamic hyperdirect pathway and its topography at high spatial resolution in humans. We studied cortical potentials evoked by deep-brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing awake lead implantation surgery. Subthalamic stimulation resulted in multiple short-latency responses consistent with activation of hyperdirect pathway, whereas no such response was present during pallidal stimulation. We contrast these findings with very short latency, direct corticospinal tract activations, and long-latency responses evoked through polysynaptic orthodromic projections. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating the hyperdirect pathway into models of human basal ganglia function.
A Bishop of Two Peoples:
Authors: Bernstein Meg
Published: September 2018

In A Bishop of Two Peoples: William of St. Calais and the Hybridization of Architecture in Eleventh-Century Durham, Meg Bernstein considers England's Durham Cathedral alongside the nearly contemporaneous Norman Chapel, located in the bishop's palace adjacent to the cathedral. Both were commissioned by Bishop William of St. Calais, the second Norman-appointed bishop of Durham. Bernstein argues that the dramatically different formal styles of the two buildings reflect politically motivated choices the bishop made following the Norman cultural conquest of England after 1066. While the cathedral is recognizably hybrid, recalling Anglo-Saxon formal motifs applied to a Norman plan, the castle chapel draws straight from the milieu of the duchy of Normandy. In particular, the chapel's stone capitals were most likely made in Normandy and brought to England by the bishop. This article seeks to provide context for the cathedral where it has been lost and to draw conclusions about the chapel's commission within the context of the Norman colonization of England.
Nekoliko mjedenih pladnjeva XV-XVI st. iz Sjeverne Dalmacije
Authors: Radulić Ksenija
Published: September 2018

Među metalnim posuđem kasne gotike, renesanse i baroka, tzv. »dinanderie«, relativno dobro poznatom po sačuvanim primjercima i brojnim prikazima u suvremenom slikarstvu, posebno mjesto ima jedan tip pladnjeva, velikih tanjura, izrađenih od mjedi i ukrašenih reljefima na figuralnim i ornamentalnim motivima te gotičkim natpisima kojih je smisao dosta često enigma tican. Stručna literatura, nakon brojnih, premda ne i sveobuhvatnih studija, lokalizira njihovu izradu u nekoliko centara sjeverne i južne Njemačke, među kojima svojim udjelom prednjači Nürnberg.1 Na jugoslavenskom tlu, naši su tanjuri evidentirani u Dalmaciji2 i Sloveniji.3 Ovdje se objavljuje dvanaest komada, nađenih prilikom evidencije spomenika na području djelovanja Zavoda za zaštitu spomenika kulture u Zadru.4
Pokušaj izdavanja novina na arbanaskom jeziku u Zadru
Authors: Strgačić Ante
Published: September 2018

Jugoistočno od Zadra, udaljeno od gradskih zidina jedno dva kilometra, nalazi se samostalno naselje posebnog, neobičnog naziva Arbanasi. Poslije II svjetskog rata, naglom obnovom i proširenjem grada Zadra,, nakon onog katastrofalnog rušenja pod konac II svjet- skog ra|ta, ovo je naselje postalo sastavnim dijelom samoga grada Zadra i njegovim jugoistočnim predgrađem sačuvavši sve svoje oso- bine posebnog naselja. Do pod konac XIX stoljeća ovo je naselje bilo gotovo odijeljeno od grada Zadra, koji je do tada bio stisnut unutar svojih tvrdih zi- dina, tako da je prostor jugoistočno od gradskih zidina do ovog na- selja bio gotovo nenaseljen, ako se izuzmu malobrojne manje i neznatne zgrade i zgradice.