bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL LAYERS AND PROTOPLANETARY DISK TURBULENCE
Authors: Umurhan Orkan M. , Shariff Karim , Cuzzi Jeffrey N.
Published: October 2016

A linear analysis of the zombie vortex instability (ZVI) is performed in a stratified shearing sheet setting for three model barotropic shear flows. The linear analysis is done by utilizing a Green’s function formulation to resolve the critical layers of the associated normal-mode problem. The instability is the result of a resonant interaction between a Rossby wave and a gravity wave that we refer to as Z-modes. The associated critical layer is the location where the Doppler-shifted frequency of a distant Rossby wave equals the local Brunt–Väisälä frequency. The minimum required Rossby number for instability,

, is confirmed for parameter values reported in the literature. It is also found that the shear layer supports the instability in the limit where stratification vanishes. The ZVI is examined in a jet model, finding that the instability can occur for

. Nonlinear vorticity forcing due to unstable Z-modes is shown to result in the creation of a jet flow at the critical layer emerging as the result of the competition between the vertical lifting of perturbation radial vorticity and the radial transport of perturbation vertical vorticity. We find that the picture of this instability leading to a form of nonlinearly driven self-replicating pattern of creation and destruction is warranted: a parent jet spawns a growing child jet at associated critical layers. A mature child jet creates a next generation of child jets at associated critical layers of the former while simultaneously contributing to its own destruction via the Rossby wave instability.
ACTION-BASED DYNAMICAL MODELING FOR THE MILKY WAY DISK
Authors: Trick Wilma H. , Bovy Jo , Rix Hans-Walter
Published: October 2016

We present RoadMapping, a full-likelihood dynamical modeling machinery that aims to recover the Milky Way’s (MW) gravitational potential from large samples of stars in the Galactic disk. RoadMapping models the observed positions and velocities of stars with a parameterized, three-integral distribution function (DF) in a parameterized axisymmetric potential. We investigate through differential test cases with idealized mock data how the breakdown of model assumptions and data properties affect constraints on the potential and DF. Our key results are: (i) If the MW’s true potential is not included in the assumed model potential family, we can—in the axisymmetric case—still find a robust estimate for the potential, with only

difference in surface density within

inside the observed volume. (ii) Modest systematic differences between the true and model DF are inconsequential. E.g., when binning stars to define sub-populations with simple DFs, binning errors do not affect the modeling as long as the DF parameters of neighboring bins differ by

. In addition, RoadMapping ensures unbiased potential estimates for either (iii) small misjudgements of the spatial selection function (i.e.,

at the survey volume’s edge), (iv) if distances are known to within 10%, or (v) if proper motion uncertainties are known within 10% or are smaller than

. Challenges are the rapidly increasing computational costs for large sample sizes. Overall, RoadMapping is well suited to making precise new measurements of the MW’s potential with data from the upcoming Gaia releases.
La nouvelle aventure de la médecine
Authors: Sicard Didier
Published: October 2016

Les bouleversements qui ont transformé la pratique médicale au cours des dernières décennies sont tels qu’un médecin formé dans les années 1960 a pu observer, en une génération, davantage d’évolutions que n’en avaient connues ses prédécesseurs depuis 1800. Avec ces changements, que devient l’éthique médicale ?
Richard Wilhelm, a “sinisized” German translator
Authors: Lakner Michael
Published: October 2016

La connaissance du canon classique chinois, en Allemagne, doit beaucoup à l’œuvre monumentale de Richard Wilhelm (1873-1930). En outre, dans ses versions anglaise et française, sa traduction du Classique des Mutations est toujours parmi les plus répandues du monde. Cependant, les traductions de Wilhelm sont toutes inspirées d’un principe idéologique : la quête de valeurs éternelles et, partant, universelles. Sous l’influence du courant conservateur chinois et de la pensée vitaliste allemande (R. Eucken, H. Driesch), Wilhelm essayait de forger une alliance spirituelle, fort antioccidentaliste et antipragmatiste, entre deux vaincus de la Première Guerre mondiale, la Chine et l’Allemagne, entre Confucius et Kant, Laozi et Goethe. Sa vision d’une sagesse éternelle brisant les chaînes de l’histoire ne tardait pas à laisser des empreintes paradoxales sur les traductions elles-mêmes : Wilhelm, qui était persuadé que les anciens textes étaient investis du pouvoir quasi magique de « parler directement au lecteur », se méfiait apparemment de l’effet immédiat de la sagesse chinoise et avait souvent recours à une traduction double : dans les Entretiens ainsi que dans les Mutations, une version « originale » est accompagnée d’une version explicitée et commentée d’après les maximes des maîtres allemands des xviiie et xixe siècles. Par conséquent, les traductions de Richard Wilhelm, comme toute autre traduction, sont elles-mêmes « irrévocablement datées » (G. Steiner), mais chez Wilhelm, c’est l’emphase sur l’intemporel qui traduit l’empreinte de l’esprit de son époque.
Slow poison or magic carpet. The Du Fu translations by Erwin Ritter von Zach
Authors: Motsch Monika
Published: October 2016

Le traducteur autrichien Erwin Ritter von Zach (1872-1942) donna la première traduction des œuvres de Du Fu, la seule intégrale jusqu’à maintenant. Ce livre, qui a atteint un public considérable aux États-Unis et en Europe, occupe une position clef dans la réception occidentale de Du Fu.Zach ne fit aucun effort pour adapter la littérature chinoise au goût du public européen. Ses traductions de Du Fu sont des monuments d’érudition, mais totalement dépourvues d’art et de séduction. Il alla jusqu’à censurer le contenu, modifiant les passages qu’il estimait grossiers ou immoraux.Quelle est l’influence des traductions de Zach sur la réception de Du Fu ? On peut identifier deux tendances opposées. D’une part, la piètre qualité artistique du travail de Zach a éloigné nombre de lecteurs, en particulier dans le public de langue allemande. D’autre part, ces mêmes traductions ont agi aussi comme un stimulant pour les lecteurs et les écrivains créatifs. Des poètes de langue allemande et anglaise s’identifièrent à Du Fu et les œuvres suscitées par cette inspiration connurent un grand succès. On peut penser que, paradoxalement, ce sont les déficiences des traductions de Zach qui ont conduit à ce résultat, en raison des possibilités créatives offertes par un produit inachevé. Considéré de cette façon, il fut un grand entremetteur. Zach a produit ce qu’on peut appeler une traduction pour les traducteurs.
Traduction terminable et interminable
Authors: Dars Jacques
Published: October 2016

Literary translation has much in common with analysis: the labour of deciphering and recoding, the duration, the pains and surprises, the intellectual enjoyment and, finally, the always problematic achievement. As a scrupulous, perhaps desperate attempt to transpose a literary work while preserving the multiple idiosyncracies of the original, literary translation becomes infinitely perfectible or, if one wishes, prone to an infinite number of reprises.In the face of a text transporting a multitude of meanings, apparent or hid-den, the translator has to confront three problems. The first is immediate comprehension which in the case of written Chinese can represent considerable difficulties due to the succinct, hermetic and sometimes ambiguous character of the texts and the peculiar, highly reduced structure of the language and the script. For the same reasons, translations, at least from classical Chinese, can-not avoid visual pauperization and spatial inflation. The second problem is the tissue of secondary meanings reflecting the manifold layers of culture, i.e., all elements of a text which one may englobe under the heading of “style”. In order to trace the enormous mass of citations and allusions the Chinese language has accumulated over the many centuries of its written culture, the translator has to undertake a scrupulously detailed analysis and must be receptive towards the specific tint of the language. The third problem concerns the historical, social and literary circumstances under which the text was written. Ideally the translator, of prose as much as of poetry, should also be wary and aware of everything beneath the surface of the phrases, or, in other words, be sensitive to what Barthes has called the “layeredness of discourse” (feuilleté du discours).In the “final” version of the text, one should try to take all these factors into account. However, a historical survey of translations of the titles of Chinese works translated into European languages reveals that no translator has achieved more than an approximation, and no translation had more than temporal validity. Even if individual translators, like painters, may at one point feel that they are unable to improve on their work, the idea of a “definite” version of a text, and likewise the idea of a terminable translation, must remain illusive.
On Mengxi Bitan’s world of marginalities and “south-pointing needles”. Fragment translation vs. contextual translation
Authors: Fu Daiwie
Published: October 2016

Pour interpréter et traduire correctement la notice du Mengxi Bitan présentée par les historiens occidentaux des sciences comme un exposé de « la découverte de la déclinaison magnétique », il est nécessaire d’abord d’analyser la catégorie dans laquelle elle est insérée dans le texte même. Cette rubrique, Zazhi, qu’on a traduit par « notes diverses », signifie plutôt pour Shen Gua, l’auteur du Mengxi Bitan, « notes sur des faits marginaux ou anormaux » (littéralement non orthodoxes). Dans cette perspective, la notice en question concerne une curiosité naturelle (la déviation fréquente de l’aiguille vers l’est) et une technique pour obtenir la direction exacte du sud, nullement la « découverte » d’un principe fondamental. La traduction donnée ici diffère profondément de celle de Wylie, qui est citée. En outre, il n’y a aucune raison de considérer la description d’un procédé de correction comme une partie accessoire et sans importance de la note.Cette utilisation, par Joseph Needham, de traductions fragmentaires pour démontrer des priorités chinoises – ici, la découverte par la Chine de la déclinaison magnétique avant l’Europe – illustre bien la manière dont les historiens des sciences « imposent » les taxonomies de la science moderne sur des textes dont la logique propre n’est pas prise en considération. Dans cette opération, l’intérêt réel de ces textes est complètement oblitéré : on ne fait pas l’histoire de la science chinoise telle qu’elle fut.Cette imposition de taxonomies étrangères prend deux formes complémentaires : des récits grandioses de l’histoire de découvertes chinoises et des tableaux réorganisant des fragments d’origine et d’époques diverses. D.W. Fu présente ici une analyse critique des tableaux présentés par Wylie (1897) et Needham (1962) à l’appui de leurs interprétations de la découverte de la déclinaison magnétique en Chine.
Problèmes d’indéterminations sémantiques dans la traduction de textes philosophiques
Authors: Levi Jean
Published: October 2016

The thickness of the semantic field that garbs every word with a signifying halo around its proper meaning makes the exercise of translation fascinating and difficult at the same time. Difficult, but not impossible, if one does not render word for word but tries to restitute the multiple relations to the reality that they establish. This paper discusses the difficulty of this attempt by addressing the problem of polysemy and ellipsis in chapter XV of the Huainanzi.Semantic plasticity plays a crucial role in the articulation of philosophical thought in ancient China. Ancient works project the contents of the discourse in literary form, thus reproducing, through shifts or fusions of the semantic fields, the organicist theory of correspondences on the level of discourse. Translations into a radically different linguistic System can only evacuate the raison d’être of the original and hence risk losing the greater part of the essential message. In order to elaborate compensatory means making it possible to preserve at least some of the primitive meaning, every attempt at translation has to pass through a preliminary analysis of the polysemic devices used in the text.The Huainanzi procedes by fusing the different levels of the real in order to elaborate a synthetic ensemble. The reductions, amalgamations and projections that are necessary to achieve this synthesis are only possible because they are authorized by lexical and syntactical plasticity. On the other hand, the constant use of various forms of ellipses allows the integration of the different parts of the real into an organic totality. In order to render the true meaning of the treatise, every translation into a European language would have to capture not only the superposition of the various interpretive levels but also the signification that is created through their tension within the text. This is, of course, practically impossible. However, the experience is less desperate than it may seem if one holds that a translation is not intended to replace the original but rather to give a certain feel for the relation of the work to language and thought.
Noms de plantes asiatiques dans les langues européennes Essai en forme de vade-mecum
Authors: Métailié Georges
Published: October 2016

Reflecting personal practice, this essay offers a Brief Vademecum for translators of Chinese and Japanese plant names. Botanists of any culture or nationality designate and recognize every known plant, from the most common to the rarest species, by a singular term consisting of two Latin or latinized words and the attached name of the botanist who coined the binomial. However, this “metaterminology”, which situates the plant in a scientific System of classification according to its genus and species, is only used in highly specialized botanical or horticultural discourse. In everyday speech and writing as well as in literary and poetic texts, plants are referred to by a variety of other denominations, differing from region to region, depending on the linguistic level and changing over time.For the translator, these non-scientific designations generate two problems: first of all the identification of the plant, secondly, the evaluation of the term itself and the linguistic level to which it belongs. The problem of identification cannot be solved without Chinese or Japanese reference books like glossaries of vernacular terms – listing equivalents in Latin or standard terminology – or other specialized works (pharmacopoeia, horticultural treatises, etc.). Having identified the plant, the translator has to check whether it is known, or at least named, in the region of the target language. In no more than a few hundred cases do plants ubiquituous in Asia and Europe have equivalents in European languages, even fewer in the vernacular. More often, different species of the same genus will be known. Here, the translator should adapt his choice to the context in which the term occurs and avoid to incite misleading cultural connotations. In the most frequent case of names referring to plants completely unknown in Europe, he or she is possibly best advised to resort to loans from either the standard designation or the vernacular name in the Asian language of origin.The recommendations are illustrated through a critical evaluation of existing translations and complemented by a survey of the available reference books in European as well as Asian languages and a classified selection of bibliographical materials.
Traduire ou transcrire les noms de personnages : incidences sur la lecture
Authors: Zhang Yinde
Published: October 2016

In a novel, personal names serve as recurring marks organizing a character as a repository of information and the reader’s memory of the text. The onomastics therefore produces incontestable effects on the hermeneutical activity of the reader, and these intensify in the case of a novel translated from the Chinese, where the transposed names of characters often suffer from amputation or semantic hypertrophy. Surveying French translations from modem and contemporary Chinese literature, this paper examines the velleities of interpretation that are manifested by the different ways of transposing Chinese denominative designations (given names, last names and various kinds of appellations), especially on the part of those who have access to Chinese literature exclusively through translations.The survey reveals the diversity of choices. Proper names, and given names in particular, are transposed predominantly through phoneticisms at the expense of semantic considerations. Only very few texts, like Ba Jin’s Family, benefit from systematic translation of the names of the characters. Yet, the temptation to translate persists, and some translators have selectively adopted split solutions in order to meet the needs of the original to the same extent as those of the target language. Appellative designations and last names, a priori inviting translation more easily, are to no lesser degree the object of heterogeneous transpositions. While most translators are reluctant to render determining prefixes of last names, like xiao or lao, terms indicating family relationships are generally translated without hesitation. In this context, the demands of the target language are usually considered more important than the particularities of the original language.The respective choices create different effects on the reading. Translations invite readers ignorant of the anthropological and cultural mechanisms of Chinese names to identify the translated names as an act of specific motivation on the author’s part and, consequently, to begin the interpretive labour at a rather early stage. The reader is led to anticipate a certain moral, characteriological, ideological or aesthetic content of a character which will be found confirmed or denied in the course of reading. Transcribed names do not elicit partial or indigent interpretations, since they are initially blank words that are charged with meaning only in a cumulative process of signification. However, the lack of translation causes loss of information, e.g., of sociological or anthropological data, and gives rise to semantic deficiencies.
Lucus, nemus. Qu’est-ce qu’un bois sacré ?
Authors: Scheid John
Published: October 2016

La notion moderne de bois sacré doit beaucoup aux romantiques allemands et sert de fondement à des considérations anachroniques sur le culte des arbres ou la divinisation de la nature. En fait, les textes invoqués prouvent que le lucus était pour les anciens Romains un lieu créé et habité par une divinité, un lieu “monstrueux” en pleine terre habitée, à l’instar du tescum de la formule augurale, où la toute-puissance divine se manifestait de façon éclatante.
Bois sacrés et oracles en Asie Mineure
Authors: Graf Fritz
Published: October 2016

Les bois sacrés sont ordinairement mis en relation avec des divinités liées à la fertilité végétale, humaine et animale. Cet article teste cette hypothèse à travers l’analyse des bois oraculaires d’Asie Mineure les mieux documentés, Didymes, Claros et Grynéion. Dans ces trois cas, les bois sont associés à Apollon et n’ont aucun rapport avec la fécondité. En fait, ce sont des lieux, situés en dehors de la civilisation urbaine, où les hommes rencontrent le divin, comme le suggèrent leurs fonctions rituelles et l’étiologie de leurs mythes. En outre tous trois sont reliés au monde de l’Age d’or ce qui leur donne une connotation de pureté et de bonheur et marque une différence fondamentale avec le respect religieux inspiré par le lucus de la religion romaine.
L’alsos/lucus, forma idealtipica artemidea: il caso di Ippolito
Authors: Montepaone Claudia
Published: October 2016

L’ipotesi qui presentata tende a definire un modello idealtipicodell’alsos-lucus quale. squale forma cultuale intermedia tra la hyle-silva e il kepos-hortus, in stretta connessione di significati con l’insieme dei contenuti religiosi in esso presenti: l’ambito di Artemis, legato per antonomasia alla transizione. A conferma di questa ipotesi è l’intreccio narrativo che coinvolge le vicende dei giovani Ippolitoe Oreste, che dal bosco di Nemi, consacrato ad Artemis-Diana, si risolvono nello hieron di Trezene-Atene, all’ombra delle di vinità “centrali” Apollo-Atena.
“Enclos sacré” dans les épigraphies indigènes d’Italie
Authors: Lejeune Michel
Published: October 2016

En marge de nos données sur le lucus latin, trois autres épigraphies d’Italie (vénète, osque, gauloise) fournissent des témoignages ponctuels; leur apport le plus marquant (Padoue, Vicence) concerne l’existence à l’intérieur du lucus, d’un abaton protégé par des interdits plus stricts que le lucus dans son ensemble.
Suspension d’ex-voto dans les bois sacrés
Authors: Cazanove Olivier de
Published: October 2016

Si les bois sacrés, comme tous les sanctuaires, étaient remplis d’offrandes, les cas de suspension d’ex-voto aux arbres mêmes sont peu nombreux. Deux types de documentation, très différents l’un de l’autre, sont successivement envisagés. Le corpus des peintures campaniennes (riche en luci de convention), dans lequel C. Boetticher a largement puisé pour illustrer ses vues sur un hypothétique “culte de l’arbre”, ne permet pas, en fait, d’étayer la thèse du Baumkultus. Le corpus des pratiques cultuelles consiste en suspension de cheveux, de fers, de vêtements aux arbres, c’est-à-dire des marques d’un statut dont on fait l’abandon, avant d’en acquérir un nouveau.
Boschi sacri e culti federali: l’esempio del Lazio
Authors: Ampolo Carmine
Published: October 2016

Vengono analizzati nel quadro dei santuari connessi con il nomen Latinum tre boschi sacri; quello di Diana Nemorense presso Aricia, quello di Ferentina sotto il monte Albanoe quello di Diana a Corne presso Tuscolo, tutti siti extraurbani, ma nei pressi di importanti centri latini. Fra l’altro, si propone di identificare il sito del terzo nella zona dell’attuale Frascati, presso la villa di Passieno Crispo, marito di Agrippina. L’uso di boschi sacri come luoghi di riunioni politiche ο militari trova confronti anche a Roma. L’asylum sembra collegato all’ingresso al colle capitolino presso il tempio di Saturno. Una notizia di Servio collocava sotto di esso le ossa di Oreste, trasferite da Aricia; particolare che forse si spiega con le tradizioni mitiche che ponevano sul Campidoglio i Sabini, discendenti dagli Spartani.
La vannerie dans l'Antiquité romaine
Authors: Cullin-Mingaud Magali
Published: October 2016

Dans cet ouvrage, Magali Cullin-Mingaud apporte non seulement une étude des ateliers de vanniers de Pompéi reconnus ou fouillés dans le cadre du programme « Archéologue de l'artisanat antique» développé par le Centre Jean Bérard et le Centre Camille Jullian grâce à des financements du ministère des Affaires étrangères et de l'Agence nationale de la recherche (projet Artifex), mais aussi une synthèse sur l'artisan de la vannerie. Mettant en œuvre à la fois les sources écrites, iconographiques et archéologiques, elle offre un panorama complet de cet artisan méconnu. En partant des matières premières et du savoir-faire de l'artisan, les techniques de fabrication et les réalisations pratiques sont identifiées et analysées grâce aux reconstitutions effectuées par Guy Barbier, vannier Meilleur Ouvrier de France.
On dispose donc désormais d'un ouvrage quasiment exhaustif sur l'artisanant de la vannerie à l'époque romaine.
L’approvisionnement des armées et la ville de Rome
Authors: Garnsey Peter
Published: October 2016

L’armée romaine faisait-elle concurrence aux habitants de Rome en ce qui concerne le ravitaillement en denrées de base ? Pour la période républicaine, la réponse est un “oui” conditionnel-dans la mesure où les guerres avaient lieu en Italie ou dans des régions où il était impossible de se procurer auprès des indigènes les denrées nécessaires. Durant le Principat, l’existence des camps militaires permanents a transformé l’économie aux frontières, sans porter atteinte aux transports de denrées vers la ville de Rome.
Le grandi navi mercantili, Puteoli e Roma
Authors: Zevi Fausto
Published: October 2016

Lo sviluppo della archeologia sottomarina ha rinnovato le conoscenze sulla tecnica navale antica, riproponendo altresì l’interpretazione di fonti controverse. Riguardo ai progressi scientificie tecnologici dell’Ellenismo, si mette in rilievo come la scoperta del principio idrostatico di Archimede vada collegata alle sue ricerche sul galleggiamento dei corpi, fondamento teorico per la costruzione di navi grandissime, come la famosa Syrakosia allestita per Ierone II, la più grande nave dell’antichità. La costruzione di navi sempre più grandi appare a sua volta collegata con i trasporti a distanza di derrate, specialmente di grano. È la necessità di grandi rifornimenti granari, legata al vasto teatro di guerra della seconda guerra punica, che mette in crisi il vetusto porto fluviale di Ostiae determina la ascesa di Pozzuoli, interessata dal portorium istituito nel 199 a. C.,e dalla deduzione coloniaria del 194 a. C. A Roma, la contemporanea costruzione della gigantesca porticus Aemilia e dell’emporium (193 a. C.) dimostra senza dubbio possibile l’unità di un grandioso progetto, da ricondurre alla iniziativa dell’Africanoe degli Aemilii strettamente collegati con gli Scipioni.
Le problème de l’annone dans les villes italiennes du Haut Empire romain
Authors: Mrozek Stanislaw
Published: October 2016

Les informations épigraphiques portant sur l’annone et ses fonctionnaires proviennent de toutes les régions d’Italie, la plupart de la deuxième moitié du iie s. Le terme annona concerne en principe l’approvisionnement en blé, mais, parfois, ce terme est à prendre dans un sens plus large incluant l’huile. La réalisation de l’annone pouvait s’effectuer au moins de deux façons : soit par l’achat du blé et sa distribution gratuite ou à un prix modéré aux habitants de la ville, soit en tant que don en argent à la caisse de la ville, sur un compte spécial, ratio frumentaria. Il est difficile de distinguer dans le domaine de l’annone l’activité dont la moti vation était la liberalitas de celle qui se situait dans le cadre d’un munuspersonale. On peut noter parmi les donateurs surtout des représentants de l’aristocratie municipale, dont un nombre considérable de chevaliers. A l’égard des bénéficiaires, l’institution de l’annone municipale avait gardé sa nature civique comme dans la capitale, mais on constate l’existence d’une préoccupation humanitaire ou sociale. En somme, les interventions de l’État dans l’approvisionnement ainsi que la diffusion des curateurs de l’annone indiquent une aggravation du ravitaillement en blé en Italie dans la deuxième moitié du IIe s. ap. J. -C.
Puteoli porto annonario e il commercio del grano in età imperiale
Authors: Camodeca Giuseppe
Published: October 2016

La relazione si sofferma solo su alcuni aspetti del più generale tema concernente Puteoli porto annonario, per i quali a giudizio dell’a. un approfondito riesame conduce a novità interessanti. 1. Sull’attività dei mercatores frumentarii e sul commercio del grano alessandrino a Puteoli in età giulio-claudia una straordinaria testimonianza è fornita da due gruppi di documenti dell’archivio dei Sulpicii, che solo ora, grazie alla loro riedizione a cura dell’a.. consentono una ricostruzione attendibile delle loro implicazioni giuridico-economiche. 2. L’eccezionale sistema integrato di strutture portualie commercialie i quartieri suburbani, sommersi dal mare, appaiono finalmente nella loro realtà topografica d’insieme nella pianta ricostruttiva. Inoltre si adducono decisivi argomenti per datare in età neroniana il famoso opus pila rum della città. 3. Infine si riesamina tutta la documentazione epigrafica, edita ο inedita, riguardante l’organizzazione annonariae il commercio del grano a Puteoli.
Nuove acquisizioni sulla divisione agraria di Paestum
Authors: Gasparri Domenico
Published: October 2016

L’intervento rappresenta il primo tentativo di sintesi di un lavoro sul territorio di Paestum, Pontecagnanoe Velia. I dati riguardano in modo particolare il primo dei tre. Si è inteso affrontare il problema delle sopravvivenze archeologiche, partendo dalla fotointerpretazione. L’elemento di maggior risalto è rappresentato da un sistema di divisione agraria, finora sconosciuto, affiorato nella piana a nord di Paestum: circa 3.000 ettari divisi per strigas grazie a stradee canali ben riconoscibili dalle fotografie aeree. Si illustra anche lo scavo di uno dei 22 assi principali che ha fornito un termine ante quem nel 79 d. C., per l’occlusione dei canali di drenaggio a mezzo del lapillo eruttato dal Vesuvio, e un termine post quem nella fine del IV sec. a. C., documentato dai materiali rinvenuti nella massicciata stradale. Si sono pure analizzati i problemi di sovrapposizione di strutture di epoche differenti, nel passaggio dal periodo lucano a quello romano della colonia.
Canali e fiumi per il trasporto del grano
Authors: Johannowsky Werner
Published: October 2016

La fossa Neronis, il canale navigabile concepito dopo l’incendio di Roma nel 64 d. C., i cui lavori furono interrotti nel 69 in seguito allo scoppio della rivolta in Gallia, ha lasciato tracce ben visibili lungo gran parte del litorale campano, così come il taglio dell’istmo di Corinto, che rientrava nello stesso progetto, dovuto all’esigenza di rendere più sicuro il rifornimento alimentare dell’Urbe. Tra l’altro ne sono testimonianza la “fossa del Castagno” tra le lagune del Fusaroe del Lucrino, cui si riferisce evidentemente quanto ne dice Tacito, e il taglio del Pisco Montano a Terracina. Nell’ambito delle soluzioni di ripiego vanno annoverate le opere per rendere navigabile il Calore con funzione complementare alla via real izzata sotto Domizianoe un mulino ad acqua facente parte del rinnovamento del ponte sullo stesso fiume tra Aeclanume Beneventum completato nel 126.
Canosa e la Puglia settentrionale: produzione agricolae catasti rurali
Authors: Compatangelo-Soussignan Rita
Published: October 2016

A partire da un bilancio sulle fonti letterarie relative alla produzione granaria della Puglia romana in generale,e del territorio di Canosa in particolare, si analizzano i possibili contributi delle più recenti ricerche archeologiche allo stesso tema. Si presenta la ricostituzione del catasto antico di Canosa effettuata grazie all’analisi delle fotografie aereee della cartografia settecentesca dell’Archivio della Dogana delle Pecore di Foggia. Si introducono infine i presupposti metodologici di un’analisi dei resti pollinici il cui prelievo è stato realizzato sul territorio di Canosa nell’ambito di un progetto di collaborazione tra l’Università di Barie l’École Française de Rome.
Sardinia Provincia frumentaria
Authors: Rowland Jr Robert J.
Published: October 2016

After briefly summarizing the agricultural history of Sardinia before the Romans’ conquest, with particular focus on the nuragic and Carthaginian periods, the author reviews textual and archaeological evidence, particularly the results of recent surveys, for Sardinia’s productivity in grain during the Roman period.
L’Egitto provincia frumentaria
Authors: Geraci Giovanni
Published: October 2016

La funzione frumentaria dell’Egitto nei confronti di Roma, all’epoca della conquista della regionee nei suoi precedenti tardo-repubblicani, è discussa a partire dai celebri brani di Tacitoe di Cassio Dione, ad illustrare il ruolo che l’Egitto “provincia frumentaria” ebbe nella fondazione del Principato. In questo contesto è rivalutato il dato “alto” dell’Epitome de Caesaribus, secondo cui nell’età di Augusto il paese avrebbe spedito nell’urbe 20 000 000 di modii di frumento all’anno. Viene criticata l’idea che sia esistito un controllo statale sull’intera produzione di granoe si analizzano i problemi del trasportoe dello stoccaggio del frumento necessario all’approvvigionamento sia di Roma sia di Alessandria.
L’Asia Minore e l’approvvigionamento in grano di Roma
Authors: Pierobon-Benoit Raffaella
Published: October 2016

L’Asia Minore non ha mai avuto un ruolo significativo nei rifornimenti granari di Roma, né in età repubblicana, né in età imperiale. Al contrario, testimonianze epigrafiche segnalano momenti di difficoltà per la provincia, attribuiti, nella bibliografia moderna, in parte alla scarsità della produzione locale, in parte al venir meno di rifornimenti esterni, soprattutto egiziani, per effetto della politica di Roma. I dati archeologici oggi disponibili — per quanto scarsi-insieme ad una rilettura dei testi, suggeriscono viceversa l’immagine di un paese relativamente autosufficiente, in cui le crisi segnalate dipenderebbero non dalla diminuzione della produzione, ma dall’aumento del consumo.
La géographie du collège à l’épreuve des récits
Authors: Thémines Jean-François
Published: October 2016

En se focalisant sur le récit national, les débats sur les programmes d’histoire ont effacé les enjeux politiques du récit en classe de géographie. Or, l’actualité éditoriale montre le succès public d’essais de type récit géographique de pays. À partir d’une analyse de leur contenu, on identifie les enjeux de l’enseignement, au collège, de la géographie de la France. L’étude des programmes de 2016 laisse une impression ambivalente. D’un côté, peut s’esquisser une éthique professionnelle s’attachant à penser les inégalités produites dans et par l’enseignement de la géographie. De l’autre, persiste le risque d’une reproduction disciplinaire qui tend à les ignorer et les entretient.
Les mobilités spatiales féminines entre logiques individuelle et familiale
Authors: Néya Sihé
Published: October 2016

Les espaces de mobilité des migrantes burkinabè, entre le Burkina Faso et la Côte d’Ivoire, ne se limitent pas seulement aux lieux et espaces liés à la résidence familiale. Cet article, qui s’appuie sur des données collectées au Burkina Faso et en Côte d’Ivoire, questionne, à travers les retours au pays d’origine, le rapport à la mobilité des femmes burkinabè issues de l’émigration vers la Côte d’Ivoire. Il postule que les retours au Burkina Faso des femmes burkinabè en provenance de Côte d’Ivoire vus comme stratégie familiale ne sauraient suffire pour expliquer leurs rapports à l’espace. Elles pratiquent des mobilités plurielles, lesquelles sont des réponses à des situations de précarité de leur existence mais aussi à un désir et une nécessité d’autonomie matérielle et financière.
Mobilités et immobilités des femmes qui « restent » dans la vallée du Rio Negro (Nicaragua)
Authors: Trousselle Anaïs
Published: October 2016

Cet article interroge la situation des femmes « qui restent » dans le lieu d’origine, à savoir une région rurale du Nicaragua, lorsque d’autres membres de la famille partent en mobilité. Les résultats montrent que ces femmes exercent des rôles et des activités particuliers en l’absence des conjoints ou des enfants. Ces situations les conduisent notamment à développer des formes d’immobilités ou alors de mobilités de courtes distances et durées qu’il est intéressant d’analyser au regard des autres formes de mobilités produites par les membres de la famille. Nous proposons alors une typologie de ces formes du rester tout en rendant compte des réalités véhiculées par l’absence. Ce afin de saisir les modalités de la présence de ces familles dans cet espace rural.
L’Immigration Act 2016 : une fragilisation supplémentaire du statut de migrant au Royaume-Uni
Authors: Agbalé Samuel-Frédéric , Boureau Agathe
Published: October 2016

La question des réfugiés et de l’immigration fait régulièrement partie du débat public. Au Royaume-Uni, le législateur s’est emparé du sujet pour mettre en place « l’Immigration Act 2016 ». Son but, selon les textes officiels et les documents publiés sur le site du gouvernement, est de rendre plus difficile la vie des immigrés présents illégalement sur le territoire Britannique. L’Immigration Act 2016 est une pierre de plus à l’édifice législatif existant en droit des étrangers au Royaume-Uni. Outre les conséquences que cette loi pourrait avoir sur les personnes ayant immigré légalement sur le sol Britannique, le texte tend à méconnaitre la Convention Européenne de Sauvegarde des Droits de l’Homme (CESDH) à plusieurs reprises. Il e nest ainsi à l’égard des employeurs dont les salariés sont en situation irrégulière ou encore au regard des restrictions d’accès aux services comme le logement, les services bancaires ou l’utilisation du permis de conduire. De plus, les garanties procédurales dont pouvaient bénéficier ces administrés se voient fragilisées. Par conséquent, l’accès à la justice des personnes immigrées en situation irrégulière est amoindri. Dès lors, derrière la volonté de « rapatrier » la protection des droits de l’Homme au Royaume-Uni se révèle clairement le souhait de s’affranchir de toute influence de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l’Homme.
Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Presenting as CD20-Negative Plasmablastic Lymphoma in the Lung
Authors: Kaleem Tasneem , Crozier Jennifer A. , Menke David M. , Sher Taimur
Published: October 2016

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are a serious complication of transplantation with a high mortality. Most PTLD present within the first year of transplantation and are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare but aggressive disease originally described in patients with HIV, presenting most commonly in the jaw and oral mucosa. To our knowledge, this is the first case of PBL presenting as PTLD of the lung in a HIV and EBV negative patient. Given the increasing number of transplants performed, we would like to share this uncommon presentation of PTLD as PBL.
Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Neck with Spinal Invasion
Authors: Moussaly Elias , Nazha Bassel , Kedia Shiksha , Chang Qing , Forte Frank
Published: October 2016

Soft tissue myoepithelial neoplasms are a rare yet diverse group of tumors, ranging from benign to malignant lesions. Their presentation in the head and neck region is uncommon and represents a challenging diagnosis. Early identification of myoepithelial carcinoma is crucial given its more aggressive course compared to its benign counterpart, although the histopathological distinction between the two can be difficult. EWSR1 gene rearrangement is found in half the cases and has a speculative role in pathogenesis. Complete excision remains the treatment of choice. The roles of chemotherapy and radiation are unclear. We report the hospital course of a 33-year-old female who presented to our institution with a posterior neck mass with spinal invasion, diagnosed as myoepithelial cancer. A literature review of these rare tumors is discussed here.
On Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations with convex gradient constraints
Authors: Hynd Ryan , Mawi Henok
Published: October 2016

We study PDE of the form

\max\{F(D^2u,x)-f(x), H(Du)\}=0

where

F

is uniformly elliptic and convex in its first argument,

H

is convex,

f

is a given function and

u

is the unknown. These equations are derived from dynamic programming in a wide class of stochastic singular control problems. In particular, examples of these equations arise in mathematical finance models involving transaction costs, in queuing theory, and spacecraft control problems. The main aspects of this work are to identify conditions under which solutions are uniquely defined and have Lipschitz continuous gradients.
On a three-dimensional free boundary problem modeling electrostatic MEMS
Authors: Laurençot Philippe , Walker Christoph
Published: October 2016

We consider the dynamics of an electrostatically actuated thin elastic plate being clamped at its boundary above a rigid plate. While the existing literature focuses so far on a two-dimensional geometry, the present model considers a three-dimensional device where the harmonic electrostatic potential varies in the three-dimensional time-dependent region between the plates. The elastic plate deflection evolves according to a fourth-order semilinear parabolic equation which is coupled to the square of the gradient trace of the electrostatic potential on this plate. The strength of the coupling is tuned by a parameter proportional to the square of the applied voltage. We prove that this free boundary problem is locally well-posed in time and that for small values of solutions exist globally in time. We also derive the existence of a branch of asymptotically stable stationary solutions for small values of and non-existence of stationary solutions for large values thereof, the latter being restricted to a disc-shaped plate.
On the justification of the quasistationary approximation of several parabolic moving boundary problems – Part II
Authors: Lippoth Friedrich
Published: October 2016

We rigorously justify the quasistationary approximations of two moving boundary problems. We work out a systematic procedure to derive a priori estimates that allow to pass to the singular limit. The problems under our consideration are a one-phase osmosis model and the one-phase Stefan problem with Gibbs–Thomson correction and kinetic undercooling.
Dry season aerosol iron solubility in tropical northern Australia
Authors: Winton V. Holly L. , Edwards Ross , Bowie Andrew R. , Keywood Melita , Williams Alistair G. , Chambers Scott D. , Selleck Paul W. , Desservettaz Maximilien , Mallet Marc D. , Paton-Walsh Clare
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Marine nitrogen fixation is co-limited by the supply of iron (Fe) and phosphorus in large regions of the global ocean. The deposition of soluble aerosol Fe can initiate nitrogen fixation and trigger toxic algal blooms in nitrate-poor tropical waters. We present dry season soluble Fe data from the Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season (SAFIRED) campaign in northern Australia that reflects coincident dust and biomass burning sources of soluble aerosol Fe. The mean soluble and total aerosol Fe concentrations were 40 and 500 ng m−3 respectively. Our results show that while biomass burning species may not be a direct source of soluble Fe, biomass burning may substantially enhance the solubility of mineral dust. We observed fractional Fe solubility up to 12 % in mixed aerosols. Thus, Fe in dust may be more soluble in the tropics compared to higher latitudes due to higher concentrations of biomass-burning-derived reactive organic species in the atmosphere. In addition, biomass-burning-derived particles can act as a surface for aerosol Fe to bind during atmospheric transport and subsequently be released to the ocean upon deposition. As the aerosol loading is dominated by biomass burning emissions over the tropical waters in the dry season, additions of biomass-burning-derived soluble Fe could have harmful consequences for initiating nitrogen-fixing toxic algal blooms. Future research is required to quantify biomass-burning-derived particle sources of soluble Fe over tropical waters.
Multi-source hydrological soil moisture state estimation using data fusion optimisation
Authors: Zhuo Lu , Han Dawei
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Reliable estimation of hydrological soil moisture state is of critical importance in operational hydrology to improve the flood prediction and hydrological cycle description. Although there have been a number of soil moisture products, they cannot be directly used in hydrological modelling. This paper attempts for the first time to build a soil moisture product directly applicable to hydrology using multiple data sources retrieved from SAC-SMA (soil moisture), MODIS (land surface temperature), and SMOS (multi-angle brightness temperatures in H–V polarisations). The simple yet effective Local Linear Regression model is applied for the data fusion purpose in the Pontiac catchment. Four schemes according to temporal availabilities of the data sources are developed, which are pre-assessed and best selected by using the well-proven feature selection algorithm Gamma Test. The hydrological accuracy of the produced soil moisture data is evaluated against the Xinanjiang hydrological model's soil moisture deficit simulation. The result shows that a superior performance is obtained from the scheme with the data inputs from all sources (NSE = 0.912, r = 0.960, RMSE = 0.007 m). Additionally the final daily-available hydrological soil moisture product significantly increases the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency by almost 50 % in comparison with the two most popular soil moisture products. The proposed method could be easily applied to other catchments and fields with high confidence. The misconception between the hydrological soil moisture state variable and the real-world soil moisture content, and the potential to build a global routine hydrological soil moisture product are discussed.
What Does Nature Have to Do with It? Reconsidering Distinctions in International Disaster Response Frameworks in the Danube Basin
Authors: McClain Shanna N. , Bruch Carl , Secchi Silvia , Remo Jonathan W. F.
Published: October 2016

Abstract. This article examines the policy and institutional frameworks for response to and man-made disasters occurring in the Danube basin and the Tisza sub-basin. Response to these types of incidents has historically been managed separately, as has the monitoring of these types of incidents. Given policy distinctions in response to natural and man-made disasters, we discuss whether the distinctions remain functional given recent international trends toward holistic response to both natural and man-made disasters. We suggest that these distinctions are counterproductive, outdated, and ultimately flawed and conclude with a reflection of the lessons learned, and propose an integrated framework in the Danube basin and Tisza sub-basin.
Clinical Experience of Switching Anti-VEGF Therapy from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept in Age-Related Choroidal Neovascularization
Authors: Van Lancker Lauren , Petrarca Robert , Moutsouris Kyros , Masaoutis Panos , Kampougeris George
Published: October 2016

Purpose

To report the response of participants switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) requiring further anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment.

Methods

In this retrospective case review of 68 participants treated in a single hospital, all participants, prior to switching, received ranibizumab injections only. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), clinical examination, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at each visit. Active nAMD was defined as persistent intraretinal or subretinal fluid on OCT. Participants had their first aflibercept injection at baseline and 2 more injections at 2 monthly intervals. Afterwards, they were followed up every 6-8 weeks and given injections as needed. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and the OCT central retinal thickness (CRT), average thickness (AT), and total macular volume (TMV).

Results

The BCVA at baseline visit was 0.57 ± 0.33 log MAR and the final BCVA was 0.54 ± 0.37 log MAR (p = 0.215). The CRT mean change was -75.6 ± 85.6 (p = 0.001), the AT mean change was -24.2 ± 27.2 (p = 0.001), and TMV mean change was -0.69 ± 0.78 (p = 0.001). There were no significant ophthalmic complications related to treatments.

Conclusions

Intravitreal aflibercept improved anatomic outcomes (as measured by OCT) in eyes with nAMD that were previously treated with intravitreal ranibizumab and were still active. There was no statistically significant difference in logMAR visual acuity in participants who switched to aflibercept with a follow-up of at least 6 months.