bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Warum stürzen Brücken ein?
Authors: Konersmann R.
Published: February 2021

Brückenbauwerke gehören zu den langlebigsten und ältesten Ingenieurbauwerken. Sie sind für die Verkehrsinfrastruktur unverzichtbar. Aber hin und wieder versagen sie ihren Dienst. Brücken können spontan, innerhalb von Sekunden, in sich zusammenbrechen. Sehr oft sind viele Opfer zu beklagen. Warum konnten sich solche Katastrophen ereignen, warum hat man nicht vorher bemerkt, dass das Bauwerk nicht mehr tragfähig ist? An welchen Anzeichen kann man erkennen, das eine Brücke nicht mehr sicher ist? Ist jeder Rostfleck oder jeder abgeplatzte Betonbrocken verdächtig? Zu welchem Zeitpunkt muss eine Brücke geschont bzw. sogar gesperrt werden? Einfache Antworten auf diese Fragen gibt es nicht. Aber es lohnt sich, sich mit diesem Thema zu beschäftigen, denn Brücken sollen verbinden, nicht trennen.
Textiler UV-Schutz unter Zug
Authors: Bauer S. , Janßen W. , Nicolay J.
Published: February 2021

Die Anerkennung des Plattenepithelkarzinoms und seiner Vorstufe als Berufskrankheit, aber auch die vergangenen heißen Sommer, verbunden mit hohen UV-Expositionen, haben das Interesse an Präventionsmaßnahmen zum Schutz vor solarer UV-Strahlung in den letzten Jahren ansteigen lassen. Für viele Arbeitnehmer im Freien bedeutet dies, Kleidung mit ausreichend hohem textilen UV-Schutz zu tragen. Der UV-Schutzfaktor (UPF) hat sich als Maß dafür bewährt, wird normativ allerdings im Neuzustand, also ohne Berücksichtigung praxisrelevanter Bedingungen, bestimmt. Insbesondere die Dehnung eines Stoffes kann jedoch zu einer deutlich verminderten UV-Schutzwirkung führen. Mit Hilfe einer neu entwickelten Spannvorrichtung können UPFs zuverlässig in Abhängigkeit von der Textilspannung bestimmt werden.
Trolleydockingstation für Rolluntersetzer
Authors: Eichinger K.A.
Published: February 2021

Zum innerbetrieblichen Transport von Lasten sind sie geradezu ideal: die praktischen Rolluntersetzer mit ihren vier Rädern. Ihre Beweglichkeit macht sie enorm flexibel und ist doch ihr größter Nachteil. So genügt ein leichtes Touchieren mit dem Flurförderzeug – und schon rollt der Trolley weg. Die besten Wege zur Fixierung beim Be- und Entladen werden nachfolgend erläutert.
Trennstationen für Trinkwasser
Authors: Kiefer T. , König K.W.
Published: February 2021

Die Diskussion um Schutz und Hygiene des Trinkwassers hat unter anderem dazu geführt, dass die Normen zum Absichern gegen Rückfließen und Rückverkeimung weiter konkretisiert und verschärft wurden. Da die Trinkwasser-Installationen nach den Wasserzählern in der Verantwortung der Hausanschlussnehmer liegen, sind alle Betreiber von Trinkwasseranlagen – privat, kommunal oder gewerblich bzw. industriell – in der Pflicht, die gesetzlichen Vorgaben und Normen zu erfüllen.
Gefahr erkannt, Gefahr gebannt.
Authors: Schroeder C.
Published: February 2021

Um seine Mitarbeiter vor gesundheitsschädlichen Gasen zu schützen, misst Deutschlands größter Schuheinzelhändler Deichmann Übersee-Container vor dem Entladen konsequent frei. Die Methode wurde gemeinsam mit Dräger entwickelt – sie könnte in der Branche Schule machen.
Identification of volatiles from six marine Celeribacter strains
Authors: Chhalodia Anuj Kumar , Rinkel Jan , Konvalinkova Dorota , Petersen Jörn , Dickschat Jeroen S
Published: February 2021

The volatiles emitted from six marine Rhodobacteraceae species of the genus Celeribacter were investigated by GC–MS. Besides several known compounds including dimethyl trisulfide and S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, the sulfur-containing compounds ethyl (E)-3-(methylsulfanyl)acrylate and 2-(methyldisulfanyl)benzothiazole were identified and their structures were verified by synthesis. Feeding experiments with [methyl-2H3]methionine, [methyl-13C]methionine and [34S]-3-(dimethylsulfonio)propanoate (DMSP) resulted in the high incorporation into dimethyl trisulfide and S-methyl methanethiosulfonate, and revealed the origin of the methylsulfanyl group of 2-(methyldisulfanyl)benzothiazole from methionine or DMSP, while the biosynthetic origin of the benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl portion could not be traced. The heterocyclic moiety of this compound is likely of anthropogenic origin, because 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber. Also in none of the feeding experiments incorporation into ethyl (E)-3-(methylsulfanyl)acrylate could be observed, questioning its bacterial origin. Our results demonstrate that the Celeribacter strains are capable of methionine and DMSP degradation to widespread sulfur volatiles, but the analysis of trace compounds in natural samples must be taken with care.
The Double Duty of the Sakha "Passive"
Authors: Tan Tamisha Lauren , Kühlert Niels Torben
Published: February 2021

This paper argues that the Sakha passive morpheme -IlIn- is the fossilised outcome of a bimorphemic 'passive of passive' construction still found in Modern Turkish. While this reanalyzed form is surface homophonous between passive and impersonal functions, we show that the two uses can be differentiated via several syntactic diagnostics and that the Sakha impersonal construction supports the existence of a syntactically-projected impersonal prounoun that may serve as Case Competitor and control/be controlled PRO. At the same time, the diachronic account presented in this paper has important implications for the reconstruction of the Common Turkic voice system and the status of ImpersP and VoiceP as distinct functional projections, instead suggesting that impersonal passive constructions involve iteration of VoiceP.
Tackling the Augmentative Puzzle in Turkish
Authors: Türk Utku
Published: February 2021

This paper deals with the suffix -cIk in Turkish, and argues that the suffix -cIk has an augmentative meaning, as well as a diminutive meaning which has been mentioned in the literature extensively. The different meanings of the suffix -cIk are due to two different structures that I propose. While the structure of the diminutive is made of one single morpheme -cIk, that of the augmentative suffix is composed of two morphemes: -cI and -k. I offer phonotactic and morphological evidence that shows -k has its own life. I also show strict categorical selection properties for the diminutive and augmentative suffix: The augmentative one can only be attached to adjectival bases that express negative orderings. The diminutive -cIk, on the other hand, attaches to nouns. I capture this contrast using the nanosyntax model of spellout.
Acoustic properties of word and phrasal prominence in Uzbek
Authors: Athanasopoulou Angeliki , Vogel Irene , Dolatian Hossep
Published: February 2021

Based on a large-scale corpus of experimental data produced by 8 native speakers of Tashkent Uzbek, we assess the presence of canonical word-final stress in real words spoken in three dialogue types: without focus, with contrastive focus, and with new information focus on the target. The first context provides baseline information regarding the manifestation of stress, in the absence of additional focus properties. By comparing the latter two contexts with the former, we are also able to assess the acoustic manifestation of the two types of focus. The most noteworthy properties of the final syllable are its relatively long duration and sharp falling contour, potentially serving as the cues to lexical stress, and enhanced by both types of focus. Due to the word-final position of stress, however, the patterns we observe could also be consistent with boundary properties, a possibility we consider as well. In addition, we briefly compare the prosodic patterns we observe in Uzbek with similarly collected data in Turkish. We find that the prominence patterns in Uzbek, while not particularly strong, are nevertheless stronger than those in Turkish, and also exhibit crucial differences. Implications for Turkic prosody more generally are also suggested.
A STUDY ON SUPPLY CHAIN AND SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE CLOTHING BRAND ZARA
Authors: Singh Shweta
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this research paper is to find how the factors like the social media platforms, and the supply chain management are actually responsible towards the growth of the clothing brand Zara. The brand follows the strategy of minimal advertisement, where they are able to maintain their position in the market. Zara is found to use marketing of its products mainly through its influencers, social media platforms, its supply chain management, and timely availability of the products in such
changing trends. Still, it has a fierce competition today with many other clothing brands, therefore they may need to engage in more direct advertisement, and promotion. The research covers different factors within the social media platforms as well. The findings revealed more in-depth knowledge and understanding of the selected factors of Zara’s growth with both primary and secondary research done, and what their customers want their brand to improve in the areas to have a consistent leading position in the fashion retail market and will reveal how these factors are more effective for Zara’s growth from various perspectives.
MAPPING THE METAPHORS OF NAMES AND IDENTITY IN MONICA ALI’S BRICK LANE
Authors: Vasundhara Vasundhara , Goswami Pritam
Published: February 2021

Monica Ali is a young promising British writer who in her novel Brick Lane recounts
the diasporic experiences of Bangladeshi immigrants settled in the East End corner of London. In this novel, Ali has strategically projected the intricacies of human lives through metaphorical names in which the primarily used words or phrases can be reread to draw out its suggestive or implied meaning. The names of the characters and the places cited in the novel are symbolically used which needs to be intensely analyzed and assessed. Thus, the present paper attempts to read the novel from a metaphorical perspective highlighting the significance of the names of her characters which are purposefully selected to represent their distinct individuality and identity.
PENGARUH PENILAIAN PRESTASI KERJA DAN LOYALITAS KARYAWAN TERHADAP PROMOSI JABATAN
Authors: HANDAYANI HANDAYANI
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis Penilaian Prestasi Kerja dan Loyalitas Pegawai berpengaruh terhadap Promosi Jabatan pada PT PLN (Persero) UP3 ULP Makassar Utara Karebosi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari kuesioner dengan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh 36 karyawan PT PLN (Persero) UP3 Makassar Utara ULP Karebosi. Sampel yang diambil adalah seluruh karyawan yang berjumlah 36 orang. Hasil angket telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, serta diuji asumsi klasik berupa uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Metode., Data., Analisis menggunakan teknik Regresi Linier Berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis pertama diterima karena menunjukkan hasil uji hipotesis yang positif dan signifikan, artinya Penilaian Prestasi Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Promosi Jabatan. Hipotesis kedua diterima karena menunjukkan hasil uji hipotesis yang positif dan signifikan, artinya Loyalitas karyawan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Promosi Kerja. Hipotesis ketiga menunjukkan bahwa penilaian kinerja memiliki kontribusi yang lebih besar daripada loyalitas karyawan terhadap promosi jabatan
Gut Microbiota Hypolipidemic Modulating Role in Diabetic Rats Fed with Fermented Parkia biglobosa (Fabaceae) Seeds
Authors: Awoyinka Olayinka Anthony , Omodara Tola Racheal , Oladele Funmilola Comfort , Alese Margret Olutayo , Odesanmi Elijah Olalekan , Ajayi David Daisi , Adeleye Gbenga Sunday , Sedowo Precious Bisola
Published: February 2021

Background: Modulation and balancing of host gut microbiota by probiotics has been documented by several literature. Prebiotic diets such as locust beans have been known to encourage the occurrence of these beneficial microorganisms in the host gut.

Objectives: To study the modulating role of gut microbiota in the hypolipidemic effect of fermented locust beans on diabetic Albino Wister rats as animal models.

Methodology: Albino rats (Wistar strain), averagely weighing 125g were successfully induced with alloxan. Thereafter this induction, anti-diabetic treatment was carried out on various groups of rats by feeding them ad-libitum with a diet of milled fermented and unfermented Parkia biglobosa seeds, respectively.

Results: After three weeks of treatment, it was observed that fermented locust beans caused a significant reduction (p ? 0.05) in glucose, total triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL, while the HDL levels were significantly elevated (p ? 0.05). Results of faecal analysis showed that the fermented locust beans modulated the gut microbiota through the occurrence of probiotic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis in the gut and faeces of the rats.

Conclusion: This study support that fermented locust beans is a prebiotic diet that encourages the growth of Bacillus subtilis in the gut of animals and is associated with hypolipidemic activities which alleviate diabetes as portrayed in these rat models.
La expresión corporal como herramienta lúdica en los estudiantes de danza
Authors: Becerra Pineda Sandra Janneth , Chaves García Irma Belén
Published: February 2021

La educación se ha centrado en la trasmisión y reproducción de conocimientos y de verdades únicas, dejando de lado la creatividad y la infinita posibilidad de respuestas; por ende, la formación en danza no está exenta de incurrir en los mismos desaciertos, lo que revive la necesidad de recurrir a través de las diferentes técnicas y los contextos escolares, a explorar nuevas formas de comunicación y expresión corporal como la lúdica. En la presente investigación, se muestran los resultados de la intervención pedagógica que tuvo como propósito fortalecer la expresión corporal como herramienta lúdica en los estudiantes del grado décimo de la materia Lenguaje de Danza, de la Escuela Normal Distrital María Montessori, el diseño fue investigación acción en educación de enfoque cualitativo. Se dio inicio reconociendo el nivel de expresión corporal en que se encontraban los estudiantes, se diseñaron e implementaron 8 talleres lúdicos orientados desde sus experiencias, emociones y sentimientos, en aras de fortalecer la expresión corporal y enriquecer los patrones de movimiento a través de la danza libre, la creatividad y la lúdica. Se registraron las observaciones realizadas en diarios de campo, uno por taller, y se realizó una encuesta de 5 preguntas cerradas para evaluar los resultados. Se pudo corroborar la importancia de la lúdica en la expresión corporal, puesto que fomentan en los estudiantes interés, disposición, creatividad y libertad de expresión, en una nueva forma de acudir a sus sentimientos y emociones para expresarse corporalmente con seguridad, confianza, autonomía y reconocimiento de sí mismo y de los otros.
Proyectos pedagógicos de aula: necesidades, intereses y motivaciones
Authors: Guerrero Fagua Nelson , García Sandoval Pablo Andrés , Guzmán Sierra Andrés Julián , Hernández Espitia Nairo Yezid
Published: February 2021

El objetivo principal de este artículo de reflexión fue identificar la asignatura de énfasis de la Licenciatura en Educación Básica, que contempla mayor intervención dentro de los proyectos pedagógicos de aula elaborados por los maestros en formación de la Práctica Pedagógica Investigativa de Profundización, durante el décimo semestre académico, en el Centro Regional de Educación a Distancia Sogamoso en los años 2015-

2018 en la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Se planteó el abordaje metodológico bajo los parámetros de una investigación descriptiva y de carácter mixto. Además, se asignaron 3 categorías de análisis las cuales permiten reconocer necesidades pedagógicas en las instituciones educativas y entornos sociales donde los maestros en formación realizaron su práctica pedagógica. Como resultados, se presenta una serie de gráficas que permiten evaluar todas las áreas del conocimiento, destacando la participación e intereses estudiantiles. Se puede concluir que, las necesidades e intereses de ejecución de proyectos pedagógicos de aula, se direccionan hacia la implementación de la Lengua Castellana y la Matemática como predilectas.
Doğum Eyleminde Ebelerle İletişimin Doğum Deneyimine Etkisi
Authors: KAYA Tuğba , İLDAN ÇALIM Selda , UÇAN Gülten
Published: February 2021

Amaç: Doğum sürecinde ebelerle iletişiminin kadınların doğum deneyimine etkisini incelemektir.

Gereçler ve Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı tipte kesitsel araştırmanın örneklemini, Mart 2016- Ekim 2016 tarihleri arasında İzmir’de Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı bir devlet hastanesinde normal doğum yapmış 353 kadın oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcılarla yapılan yüzyüze görüşmelerde veri toplamak için "Lohusa Tanıtım Formu", "Doğumda Ebeyle İletişimi Değerlendirme Formu" ve “Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeğinin B Versiyonu” kullanılmıştır. Bulguların analizinde SPSS istatistik programı aracılığıyla frekans, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma hesaplanmış, ki kare ve korelasyon analizleri uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 26,72 ± 5,05 olup ortalama doğum sayısı 2,08±1,07’dir. Doğumların büyük çoğunluğu (%88,7) gebeyi takip eden ebe tarafından, %11,3’ü ise doğum sürecinde müdahale eden ebe ve doktor tarafından yaptırılmıştır. Katılımcıların, Doğumda Ebeyle İletişimi Değerlendirme Formu’ndan aldıkları puanların ortalaması 25,03±6,52; Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği’nin B Versiyonu’ndan aldıkları puan ortalaması ise 89,95±23,08’dir. Bulgular, kadınların ebelerin iletişim davranışlarını algılama düzeyi ile doğum beklentisi/deneyimi arasında negatif yönlü, orta düzeyde güçlü ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir (r= ­,36; p< 0,05).

Sonuç: Ebelerin doğum eyleminde sergiledikleri olumlu ve etkili iletişim becerileri, kadınların doğum deneyimini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir.
Queen Vashti: A Contemporary Model for Christian Morality in Africa
Authors: Aryeh Daniel Nii Aboagye , Wee George Sungadar Moses
Published: February 2021

In this paper, King Artaxerxes’ action against Queen Vashti (Esther 1:1-2:1-18) is examined, and moral and ethical lessons for contemporary Christian morality are drawn. One can describe the decision of the King as contemptible, despicable, barbaric, and a violation of Queen Vashti’s self-value and dignity. A further challenge can be thrown to the popular notion, which seems to suggest that Queen Vashti was disobedient, arrogant, and not submissive. Contrary to the traditional popular derogatory assessment of Queen Vashti’s rejection of the King’s demand, it is argued that she is a contemporary model for Christian Morality. Rhetorical criticism and historical narrative criticism were used for the study. An analysis of the moral and ethical factors that underpinned Queen Vashti’s rejection of the King’s demand and found that she demonstrated high moral and ethical values worth emulating was conducted in the study. It is, therefore, recommended that Christian women emulate Queen Vashti and maintain high moral and ethical values in society. Keywords: King Artaxerxes, Esther, Vashti, Gender.
Les rapports problématiques aux indemnités des « petits » élus dans les mondes ruraux
Authors: Lehingue Patrick , Vignon Sébastien
Published: February 2021

Destinés à remédier à la « crise des vocations » en milieu rural, deux dispositifs législatifs votés en 1991 et 2019 visent à rendre obligatoires puis à revaloriser fortement les indemnités des élus des communes de moins de 3 500 habitants. Mais tout se passe comme si une amélioration des conditions matérielles d’exercice des mandats décidée au sommet se heurtait à la réticence des titulaires de « petits mandats », en engendrant des arbitrages tendus. L’article vise à mettre à l’épreuve la thèse du more to less qui voudrait que les élus tendent à s’attribuer des augmentations de revenus quand ils le peuvent. En fait, les rapports à l’indemnité sont beaucoup plus complexes et, de manière imbriquée, mettent en jeu l’état de la législation, les codes moraux en vigueur, la morphologie des arènes et la surveillance des administrés ou des pairs dans les structures intercommunales.
Raison fiscale et logiques d’Empire : administrer un impôt sans État (XVIIe‑XVIIIe siècles)
Authors: Renault Rachel
Published: February 2021

Cet article s’interroge sur les logiques d’un impôt sans État. Dû à l’Empereur par les quelques trois cent états qui forment le Saint Empire, l’impôt d’Empire ne suscite en effet aucune construction administrative propre, et ne débouche, ni localement, ni à l’échelle impériale, sur nulle forme univoque d’étaticité. Il n’est pour autant pas dépourvu d’effets, en particulier politiques, institutionnels et territoriaux. En analysant les logiques sociales de distinction et de dépendance qui président à son paiement, cet article entend éclairer la manière dont se forment et se maintiennent des pouvoirs aux formes institutionnelles et spatiales étranges, qui n’ont cessé de surprendre, depuis l’époque moderne, ceux qui les observaient.
Logique militaire et ordre public
Authors: Corbella Manel Risques , Godicheau François
Published: February 2021

Le développement d’une administration civile de l’État libéral en Espagne au cours de la première moitié du XIXe siècle fut conditionné par l’existence d’un pouvoir militaire qui devint particulièrement présent dans le domaine de l’ordre public et influença fortement la gouvernance des territoires. Si dans les colonies, cela fut rendu effectif et officiel par l’exclusion de la Constitution de 1837, si bien qu’elles furent soumises uniquement au gouvernement des capitaines généraux qui y étaient nommés, dans certains territoires péninsulaires comme la Catalogne, l’entrée en vigueur du système constitutionnel fut longtemps perturbée par l’intervention de l’autorité militaire qui établit une relation complexe avec les élites catalanes. Son pouvoir passait par la subordination des autorités civiles des provinces (les « chefs politiques », puis les gouverneurs civils) comme par le recours systématique à l’exceptionnalité juridique dans les situations de conflit social et politique. Tout cela permet de nuancer fortement l’opposition que l’on a coutume d’établir entre le territoire péninsulaire et l’Outre-mer colonial du point de vue de la relation entre administration et ordre légal.
Inflexions et échos d’une politique impériale dans la Monarchie hispanique (1580-1610)
Authors: Ruiz Ibáñez José Javier
Published: February 2021

L’implication de la Monarchie catholique dans la politique intérieure de ses voisins au cours des décennies de 1580-1610 fut très marquée. Il ne s’agissait pas tant d’une agression de la part d’une grande puissance militaire, que du résultat de conflits locaux. Le roi catholique, en tant qu’allié extérieur, dépensa ses ressources en soutien à des partis et des factions en guerre civile. C’est ainsi que se développa l’image hypertrophiée d’un pouvoir ibérique que l’on se figurait comme une menace omniprésente sans que, pour autant, il fut capable d’élargir son emprise à moyen terme. Ce type de dynamique (avec ses expectatives de succès et la réalité de son échec) donna naissance à un savoir impérial qui définit, pour les ennemis et les partisans du roi catholique, la représentation de ce qu’était cet empire, de ce qu’il devait être et de ce qu’étaient ses adversaires ; cette représentation allait en outre devenir centrale dans l’historiographie postérieure.
En attendant quels barbares ?
Authors: Grenet Mathieu
Published: February 2021

L’incorporation tardive et heurtée de la petite île Ionienne de Leucade (jadis Sainte-Maure) au Stato da Mar vénitien invite à reconsidérer sur le temps long les recompositions de l’administration de la Sérénissime dans les territoires soumis à son gouvernement. A la fois « poussière » et « marge » d’empire, Leucade ne se distingue a priori que par sa proximité physique avec la terre ferme ottomane ainsi que la richesse de ses ressources salinières. Une étude fine de l’administration vénitienne de l’île (notamment à travers la figure du provéditeur extraordinaire Sebastiano Morosini, en poste de 1777 à 1780) permet toutefois de montrer combien l’ordre impérial se trouve régulièrement contourné voire contesté « par le bas », que ce soit à travers la mise en échec plus ou moins directe de l’autorité des officiers vénitiens par les vieilles élites insulaires, l’impossibilité de contrôler entièrement les multiples circulations tant licites qu’interlopes qui unissent l’île à la péninsule balkanique, ou encore la prise d’autonomie de certaines familles grecques impliquées dans l’affermage au niveau local des revenus fiscaux pour le compte de Venise.
Les territoires des corporations : l’administration et la justice dans les places commerciales de l’Empire portugais (v. 1750-1820)
Authors: Slemian Andréa
Published: February 2021

Cette contribution analyse la force des formes d’administration traditionnelles dans le gouvernement d’espaces corporatifs, comme celui des commerçants, dans l’Empire portugais entre le XVIIIe siècle et le début du XIXe. Nous défendons l’idée que les réformes introduites au Portugal, dans le contexte des Lumières, ne proposaient nullement de combattre ce qui était compris comme des formes de gestion particulières des places de commerce ; au contraire, elles renforcèrent leur logique. Plus spécifiquement, cela passa par le soutien à la capacité de la corporation à réglementer/juger les actions des commerçants, c’est-à-dire, le soutien à l’administration de la justice comment action centrale de gouvernement.
L’État italien entre administration et tutelle dans l’Empire français
Authors: Giovanazzi Alessandro
Published: February 2021

Cette contribution entend revenir sur l’un des enjeux les plus étudiés de l’historiographie napoléonienne, en l’occurrence le caractère disruptif de l’État que Napoléon sut créer puis exporter dans l’ensemble de l’Empire. Un État dont la charpente reposait sur une administration d’inspiration géométrique, « faite par un seul » et dans laquelle les ordres et les directives devaient circuler comme un « fluide électrique ». L’analyse se concentre ici sur le royaume d’Italie napoléonien, et en particulier sur l’un des aspects les plus intéressants qui émergent de la lecture des sources tant étatiques que locales de l’époque, à savoir le fait que non seulement coexistaient des définitions très différentes de ce que l’on entendait exactement par « administration », mais que dans bien des cas, le droit comme la politique de l’Italie napoléonienne laissèrent coexistence dans leur giron des « administrations » différentes, avant de les intégrer progressivement au sein d’un modèle étatique unique.
Effects of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on hypertension-induced target organ damage: clinical and experimental evidence
Authors: De Luca Maria Rosaria , Sorriento Daniela , Massa Domenico , Valente Valeria , De Luise Federica , Barbato Emanuele , Morisco Carmine
Published: February 2021

The dysregulation of renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in hypertension and in the development of the related target organ damage (TOD). The main goal of treating hypertension is represented by the long-term reduction of cardiovascular (CV) risk. RAS inhibition either by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors or by type 1 Angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs), reduce the incidence of CV events in hypertensive patients. Actually, ACE-inhibitors and ARBs have been demonstrated to be effective to prevent, or delay TOD like left ventricular hypertrophy, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis. The beneficial effects of RAS blockers on clinical outcome of hypertensive patients are due to the key role of angiotensin II in the pathogenesis of TOD. In particular, Angiotensin II through an inflammatory-mediated mechanism plays a role in the initiation, progression and vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, Angiotensin II can be considered the hormonal transductor of the pressure overload in cardiac myocytes, and through an autocrine-paracrine mechanism plays a role in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy. Angiotensin II by modulating the redox status and the immune system participates to the development of chronic kidney disease. The RAS blocker should be considered the first therapeutic option in patients with hypertension, even if ACE-inhibitors and ARBs have different impact on CV prevention. ARBs seem to have greater neuro-protective effects, while ACE-inhibitors have greater cardio-protective action.
Steklov and Robin isospectral manifolds
Authors: Gordon Carolyn , Herbrich Peter , Webb David
Published: February 2021

We use two of the most fruitful methods for constructing isospectral manifolds, the Sunada method and the torus action method, to construct manifolds whose Dirichlet-to-Neumann operators are isospectral at all frequencies. The manifolds are also isospectral for the Robin boundary value problem for all choices of Robin parameter. As in the sloshing problem, we can also impose mixed Dirichlet–Neumann conditions on parts of the boundary. Among the examples we exhibit are Steklov isospectral flat surfaces with boundary, planar domains with isospectral sloshing problems, and Steklov isospectral metrics on balls of any dimension greater than 5. In particular, the latter are the first examples of Steklov isospectral manifolds of dimension greater than 2 that have connected boundaries.
Contact Tracing and the COVID-19 Response in Africa: Best Practices, Key Challenges, and Lessons Learned from Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda
Authors: Nachega Jean B. , Atteh Rhoda , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Sam-Agudu Nadia A. , Adejumo Prisca , Nsanzimana Sabin , Rwagasore Edson , Condo Jeanine , Paleker Masudah , Mahomed Hassan , Suleman Fatima , Ario Alex Riolexus , Kiguli-Malwadde Elsie , Omaswa Francis G. , Sewankambo Nelson K. , Viboud Cecile , Reid Michael J. A. , Zumla Alimuddin , Kilmarx Peter H.
Published: February 2021

Most African countries have recorded relatively lower COVID-19 burdens than Western countries. This has been attributed to early and strong political commitment and robust implementation of public health measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, travel restrictions, face mask wearing, testing, contact tracing, and isolation, along with community education and engagement. Other factors include the younger population age strata and hypothesized but yet-to-be confirmed partially protective cross-immunity from parasitic diseases and/or other circulating coronaviruses. However, the true burden may also be underestimated due to operational and resource issues for COVID-19 case identification and reporting. In this perspective article, we discuss selected best practices and challenges with COVID-19 contact tracing in Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, and Uganda. Best practices from these country case studies include sustained, multi-platform public communications; leveraging of technology innovations; applied public health expertise; deployment of community health workers; and robust community engagement. Challenges include an overwhelming workload of contact tracing and case detection for healthcare workers, misinformation and stigma, and poorly sustained adherence to isolation and quarantine. Important lessons learned include the need for decentralization of contact tracing to the lowest geographic levels of surveillance, rigorous use of data and technology to improve decision-making, and sustainment of both community sensitization and political commitment. Further research is needed to understand the role and importance of contact tracing in controlling community transmission dynamics in African countries, including among children. Also, implementation science will be critically needed to evaluate innovative, accessible, and cost-effective digital solutions to accommodate the contact tracing workload.
Leg loop Harness. Design and Method 6
Authors: Godino Alfonso
Published: February 2021

No abstract.
Perceptions on population decline and ethno-cultural knowledge of Hooded Vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) in southwest States of Nigeria.
Authors: Owolabi Bibitayo Ayobami , Odewumi Sunday Olayinka , Agbelusi Ebenezer Abayomi
Published: February 2021

The global decline of many vulture populations due to anthropogenic activities is increasing and is largely connected to cases of poisoning. The objectives of this study were to access local perceptions and knowledge of vulture declines, and to determine the ethno-cultural uses of vulture body parts across southwest Nigeria. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered through interviews with randomly selected respondents (n = 144) between August 2018 and July 2019. Results showed that 82.5% (n = 119) of respondents confirmed the sharp decline in vulture populations. 79.8% (n = 115) of respondents considered poisoning to be the cause of vulture deaths in the study area and 79.8% (n = 117) confirmed the need to conserve the remaining vultures. 80.5% (n = 116) of respondents reported that vultures play a key role in Yoruba traditional settings. Vulture parts (organs) were reported as being important in ethno-cultural traditional benefits ranging from curing ailments, to making financial fortune to enhancing dreams, having visions about the future, healing and magic use. Conservation education and public awareness to shift the public mindset away from the use of vultures for rituals and healing purposes and the resultant negative effect of extirpation and extinction is the only way forward.
Defender los derechos de la infancia en el ámbito local. Una práctica innovadora de formación de líderes a favor de la infancia
Authors: García-Pérez Ricardo , López-Catalán Luis , Martínez-Gimeno Almudena
Published: February 2021

El UNICEF (Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia), tiene como misión la defensa de los derechos de todos los niños, niñas y adolescentes y para ello, entre otras acciones, desarrolla desde 1996 la iniciativa internacional Child Friendly Cities cuyo objetivo es la aplicación de la CDN en el ámbito local. Lograr que una localidad obtenga el reconocimiento como “Ciudad Amiga de la Infancia”, es un proceso complejo en el que la formación de los equipos que participan (políticos, técnicos, voluntarios...) adquiere un protagonismo relevante.

Éste artículo presenta la realización y evaluación del Proyecto “Gobiernos Locales: Los Derechos de la Infancia en la Ciudadanía Global”, aprobado en concurrencia competitiva y financiada por la Agencia Andaluza de Cooperación Internacional al Desarrollo (AACID), de la Junta de Andalucía. En él se expone la iniciativa de formación de postgrado on line como Título Propio del “Máster en Derechos y Políticas de Infancia en el Ámbito Local” desarrollado por el UNICEF Comité Español y la universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla en los cursos 2015-16 y 2016-17. El objetivo de esta experiencia ha sido la capacitación de profesionales de alto nivel, en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de programas y políticas de protección y promoción de los Derechos de la Infancia. Finalmente, se presentan los datos extraídos de la evaluación del programa y las conclusiones más significativas.
Modelos de Riesgo de Crédito: aplicación práctica a un modelo de refinanciación de hipotecas
Authors: Caro Barrera José Rafael
Published: February 2021

Ante un hipotético, pero cada vez más real, caso de riesgo de impago de una hipoteca o ante una caída en los tipos de interés, un asunto importante que se plantea el prestatario es el de la posibilidad de minimizar ese riesgo mediante la selección de la mejor opción de refinanciación. En el presente trabajo se presenta un modelo de refinanciación de hipotecas desarrollando un método de programación puramente cuantitativa, con una simulación basada en un algoritmo creado especialmente para este caso y que puede ser útil para deudores hipotecarios. Así, se comienza explicando la base teórica sobre la que se asienta la investigación, para pasar a desarrollar el problema, continuando con su implantación. Finalmente, se analizan los resultados y se comentan las conclusiones más relevantes.
Progresos educativos intergeneracionales: un análisis para Colombia
Authors: Mora Rodriguez Jhon James , González-Terán Ángela María
Published: February 2021

Este artículo analiza como las condiciones del entorno socioeconómico inciden sobre la movilidad en los niveles de educación secundaria, media y superior. Nuestro análisis se enfoca en la influencia del nivel educativo de los padres con el fin de evaluar la movilidad intergeneracional en educación.  A partir de la estimación de un modelo logit de decisión secuencial dinámico nuestros resultados muestran que las condiciones del hogar inciden sobre el progreso en el sistema educativo ya que padres con niveles de educación superior son un fuerte apalancamiento para impulsar a sus hijos a través del sistema hasta la educación superior, siendo más fuerte esta influencia cuando se trata de la educación de la madre.
Un análisis bibliométrico del brand equity 1991 - 2018
Authors: Neme-Chaves Samir Ricardo , Rodríguez-González Liliana Yamile
Published: February 2021

Este artículo proporciona un análisis bibliométrico del estado actual de la investigación del brand equity, mediante el mapeo del panorama de investigación del concepto para identificar autores y países más productivos a lo largo del tiempo, análisis de publicaciones, cooperación entre autores, co-citas y co-ocurrencias de palabras clave; además, la identificación de clústeres de investigación para visualizar la estructura conceptual de este campo de conocimiento. Utilizando la colección de Scopus, este estudio realiza un análisis de 2000 publicaciones que estudian el brand equity. Se identifican cuatro grandes grupos de investigación: brand equity, análisis empíricos, el sector servicios y la metodología común de los estudios, los cuales caracterizan las diferentes corrientes de investigación y permiten analizar los campos de acción más preponderantes para el entendimiento del brand equity. Se proponen nuevos estudios que incluyan revisión sistemática tradicional para complementar lo planteado en este documento. Esta investigación otorga una visión general que puede ser una guía valiosa para docentes, investigadores y profesionales.
Combinación del método CART y de econometría de corte transversal para la identificación de determinantes: supervivencia de exportaciones argentinas
Authors: González Germán Héctor , Delbianco Fernando , Michalczewsky Kathia , Ramirez Micaela
Published: February 2021

Este trabajo identifica factores explicativos de la supervivencia de flujos de comercio argentinos utilizando como método de identificación la combinación del método de Análisis de Árbol de Clasificación y Regresión (CART, con sus siglas en inglés) y econometría de corte transversal. Mientras que el primero determina los mejores predictores, el segundo ofrece una función global que vincula a la variable dependiente con aquellos. La combinación de estos métodos permite reducir el número de variables potencialmente explicativas en problemas en los que no existe consenso teórico, o salvar situaciones en las que existen relaciones no lineales, datos faltantes u observaciones anómalas. La aplicación al caso de estudio permite observar que existe una diferencia significativa entre flujos de exportaciones preexistentes y nuevos flujos, a pesar de que las variables explicativas de su duración resulten ser las mismas.
Tratamiento ordinal de las escalas cualitativas utilizadas por el Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas
Authors: González del Pozo Raquel , García Lapresta José Luis
Published: February 2021

Las escalas cualitativas formadas por términos lingüísticos son utilizadas por diversas disciplinas para determinar preferencias y diversos aspectos de la vida de los individuos. Aunque es habitual asignar números a las categorías de respuesta de estas escalas, no es adecuado utilizar codificaciones numéricas cuando los individuos perciben proximidades psicológicas distintas entre las categorías consecutivas de la escala, es decir, cuando las escalas cualitativas no son uniformes.
En este trabajo se propone un procedimiento ordinal para jerarquizar un conjunto de alternativas a partir de las valoraciones mostradas por un grupo de individuos mediante una escala cualitativa no necesariamente uniforme. Dicho procedimiento está basado en las proximidades ordinales entre las categorías de respuesta de las escalas. El procedimiento propuesto se ilustra con un ejemplo tomado del Barómetro del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) de mayo de 2011.
The Destruction of Social Capital In Indonesia
Authors: Rizal Mochamad rizal umami , Zainuri  , I Wayan Subagiarta  , Rafael Purtomo S.
Published: February 2021

Background: Business failure in the economic system causes various economicactors to potentially become rent-seekers in an imperfect political system. Sugar isan agricultural commodity that, thus far, is a public good that needs governmentregulation. This study aims to determine the social capital of Indonesia's sugarinterest groups and to determine the dominant variable in Indonesia's sugarindustry. Materials and Methods: This research uses a type of explanatory researchthat has a high relationship level because it not only has independent andcomparative values but also serves to explain and predict the relationship with aqualitative approach between variables. Relationship analysis using DecisionExplorer version 3.3 software. Results: analysis of the relationship of and variablein the sugar industry, the more variables involved in the loop, the most importantrelationship between variables in the loop, the most important loop is loop 4consisting of economic rent, the refined sugar market, entrepreneurs in food andbeverage, lobbying, government. Conclusion: It is concluded from the findings ofthis study that the social capital of Indonesia's sugar interest groups consists of 9loops, Almost every variable has a weak strength to social capital and leads todamage.
The Formulation Of Herbal Mouthwash From Bangun-Bangun Leaves (Coleus amboinicus Lour) To Prevent The Occurrence Of Dental Plaque
Authors: Yenny Lisbet Siahaan  , Renta Verawaty Siregar  , Suryani Ompusunggu
Published: February 2021

Herbs utilization spare new opportunities to handle dental health issues. Bangun-bangun leaves have chemical components which are strongly related to the prevention of the occurrence of dental plaque. The current research aimed to observe the effect of using mouthwash made from bangun-bangun leaves extract with the concentration of 40% and 80% towards the occurrence of dental plaque on the students of III A and III B classes in Private Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Annur Medan, North Sumatera. The research used quasi-experimental method through the Pre-Post Test with Control Group design. Analysis of this research was conducted initially through normality and homogeneity tests on the variants. If the variable is normally distributed then it means that the variable is not homogenous, leading to the testing of Difference between Two Means (t test) through two parties’ test of t’-test which was independent sample t-test. Through this research, researcher obtained t count of (57.20) > t table (1.987). Therefore, based on the basic of decision making through distinguishing t count and t table, then H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It means that there was difference on the treatment results between before and after using the 80% bangun-bangun leaves solution. Furthermore, the t count value (45.73) > t table (1.987), which based on the basis of decision making through distinguishing the t count and t table values was that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It means that there was difference on the treatment results between the use of 40% and 80% of bangun-bangun leaves solution. It can be concluded that both of the uses of 40% and 80% of bangun-bangun leaves solution affected significantly on the prevention of students’ dental plaque occurrence.
Intellectual Capital Food And Beverage Sub-Sector Manufacturing Companies And The Factors
Authors: Dirvi Surya Abbas  , Arry Eksandy
Published: February 2021

The Purpose of this study was to determine the effect of company age, leverage, and independent commissioners on intellectual capital in food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The research time period used is 3 years, namely the 2016-2018 period. The population of this study includes all food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2016-2018 period. The sampling technique was using purposive sampling technique. Based on the predetermined criteria, 17 companies were obtained. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The analysis method used is panel data regression analysis. The results showed that Leverage and Independent Commissioner had no influence on Intellectual Capital. However, the variable company age has an influence on intellectual capital.
Analysis of Banking Performance in The Aftermath of The Merger of Bank Syariah Indonesia in Covid 19
Authors: Mohammad Yusuf  , Reza Nurul Ichsan
Published: February 2021

This study aims to determine sharia banking performance after the merger of Sharia Banks and Covid 19 pendemi by looking at the influence of NPF, FDR, BOPO, and CAR financial performance of Sharia Commercial Banks in the Period 2011-2020. This research uses quantitative research method with population in this research is all sharia commercial banks in Indonesia period 2011-2020. Data collection is done by library method from journal, article, or literature related to the required data, and documentation method of sharia commercial bank implementation report in question as well as data from OJK website. The research method used is a statistical descriptive test, descriptive test by analyzing ROA through ROA implementation report using content analysis method, classic assumption test, some regression test. Results show that the variables NPF, FDR, BOPO, and CAR are simultaneously financial performance of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020. Simultaneously, the variables of NPF, FDR, BOPO and CAR have a significant impact on the financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020. Based on the amount adjusted R2 is 0.979 which means that 97.9% of financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks is influenced by independent variables, while 02.1% is influenced by other factors outside the research. Car partially had an insignificant positive effect on the financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020. Partially, NPF has an insignificant positive effect on the financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020. Partially BOPO has a significant negative effect on the financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020. Partially, FDR has an insignificant positive effect on the financial performance (ROA) of sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the period 2011-2020.
SPEAKING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE - AS A KEY TO FURTHER SELFIMPROVEMENT
Authors: Xamdamova X
Published: February 2021

В данной статье рассматривается вопрос изучения иностранных языков,  а именно компоненты изучения русского языка. А также излагаются мнения о том, что при изучении иностранного языка надо учитывать и психологические особенности человека как основной фактор обучения.