bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data‐Class‐Specific All‐Optical Transformations and Encryption
Authors: Bai Bijie , Wei Heming , Yang Xilin , Gan Tianyi , Mengu Deniz , Jarrahi Mona , Ozcan Aydogan
Published: April 2023

Diffractive optical networks provide rich opportunities for visual computing tasks. Here, data‐class‐specific transformations that are all‐optically performed between the input and output fields‐of‐view (FOVs) of a diffractive network are presented. The visual information of the objects is encoded into the amplitude (A), phase (P), or intensity (I) of the optical field at the input, which is all‐optically processed by a data‐class‐specific diffractive network. At the output, an image sensor‐array directly measures the transformed patterns, all‐optically encrypted using the transformation matrices preassigned to different data classes, i.e., a separate matrix for each data class. The original input images can be recovered by applying the correct decryption key (the inverse transformation) corresponding to the matching data class, while applying any other key will lead to loss of information. All‐optical class‐specific transformations covering A → A, I → I, and P → I transformations using various image datasets are numerically demonstrated. The feasibility of this framework is also experimentally validated by fabricating class‐specific I → I transformation diffractive networks and is successfully tested at different parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, i.e., 1550 nm and 0.75 mm wavelengths. Data‐class‐specific all‐optical transformations provide a fast and energy‐efficient method for image and data encryption, enhancing data security and privacy.
Volumetric Printing Across Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds Fabricates Multi‐Material Living Constructs with Tunable Architecture and Mechanics
Authors: Größbacher Gabriel , Bartolf‐Kopp Michael , Gergely Csaba , Bernal Paulina Núñez , Florczak Sammy , de Ruijter Mylène , Rodriguez Núria Ginés , Groll Jürgen , Malda Jos , Jungst Tomasz , Levato Riccardo
Published: April 2023

Major challenges in biofabrication revolve around capturing the complex, hierarchical composition of native tissues. However, individual 3D printing techniques have limited capacity to produce composite biomaterials with multi‐scale resolution. Volumetric bioprinting recently emerged as a paradigm‐shift in biofabrication. This ultrafast, light‐based technique sculpts cell‐laden hydrogel bioresins into 3D structures in a layerless fashion, providing enhanced design freedom over conventional bioprinting. However, it yields prints with low mechanical stability, since soft, cell‐friendly hydrogels are used. Herein, the possibility to converge volumetric bioprinting with melt electrowriting, which excels at patterning microfibers, is shown for the fabrication of tubular hydrogel‐based composites with enhanced mechanical behavior. Despite including non‐transparent melt electrowritten scaffolds in the volumetric printing process, high‐resolution bioprinted structures are successfully achieved. Tensile, burst, and bending mechanical properties of printed tubes are tuned altering the electrowritten mesh design, resulting in complex, multi‐material tubular constructs with customizable, anisotropic geometries that better mimic intricate biological tubular structures. As a proof‐of‐concept, engineered tubular structures are obtained by building trilayered cell‐laden vessels, and features (valves, branches, fenestrations) that can be rapidly printed using this hybrid approach. This multi‐technology convergence offers a new toolbox for manufacturing hierarchical and mechanically tunable multi‐material living structures.
Large‐Area Mechanically‐Exfoliated Two‐Dimensional Materials on Arbitrary Substrates
Authors: Sahu Satyam , Haider Golam , Rodriguez Alvaro , Plšek Jan , Mergl Martin , Kalbáč Martin , Frank Otakar , Velický Matěj
Published: April 2023

Atomically‐thin crystals have been shown to be rich in fundamental phenomena and are promising for various applications. Mechanical exfoliation of (2D) materials from bulk crystals is particularly suited for fundamental studies due to the high quality of the resulting monolayer crystals. To date, several techniques have been developed to increase the exfoliation yield, however, they still suffer drawbacks. In this work, a novel method that exploits gold‐assisted exfoliation to prepare large‐area monolayers of various layered materials followed by their transfer to arbitrary substrates is introduced. X‐ray photoelectron, Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopies are employed to assess the quality of the prepared layers and their optical properties. Then, field‐effect transistors and photodetectors are fabricated to demonstrate the suitability of this technique for large‐area optoelectronic devices.
2‐in‐1 Optimization for High Performance Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Ziyu , Liu Lu , Wang Le , Chang Zhen , Li Jianxun , Wang Kai , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: April 2023

Organic lead halide perovskites are regarded as qualified candidates for the photoactive layers of semitransparent solar cells. The critical aspect of boosting the performance of semitransparent perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to a higher level lies in preparing perovskite films with both excellent photoelectric properties and high transmittance. Herein, it is realized that, through theoretical analysis, perovskite materials with bandgap of 2.00–2.30 eV are suitable for the preparation of semitransparent PSCs that can simultaneously achieve low thermal‐energy loss, allow transmission of light for high photopic response, and provide acceptable transmittance for photovoltaic greenhouses. Then the study aims at improving the crystallinity and morphology of wide‐bandgap perovskite films by using additive engineering. As such, PSCs with absorber bandgaps of 2.02, 2.16, and 2.32 eV deliver maximum power‐conversion efficiencies of 12.08%, 9.17%, and 8.42%, respectively. Then the corresponding semitransparent PSCs are crafted with average transmittance of light detectable by the human eye of 9.41%, 23.26%, and 43.47%, respectively. Furthermore, the crop growth factors are predicted to be 21.25%, 29.48%, and 37.07%, respectively. This work gives full play to bandgap modulation in the fabrication of semitransparent PSCs, which will broaden the application of semitransparent solar cells in the field of building integrated photovoltaics.
Carbon Dioxide Sorbent from Construction and Textile Plastic Waste
Authors: Savas Paul E. , Algozeeb Wala A. , Wang Zhe , Kittrell Carter , Wu Xiaowei , Hall Jacklyn N. , Malloy Thomas B. , Bollini Praveen , Tour James M.
Published: April 2023

Plastic waste (PW) from textile and construction industries is rarely recycled due to the lack of economical and effective commercial recycling technologies. In this work, PW from these two sources is successfully converted into a microporous sorbent that is highly selective to carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. The synthesis of the sorbent is achieved by the pyrolysis of PW in the presence of a potassium salt activator. The properties of the sorbent can be tuned by changing the parent plastic type to get varying degrees of microporosity, surface area, and nitrogen content. The best performer, a sorbent derived from nylon 6,12, had a CO2 uptake of 19 wt% (4.32 mmol g−1) and 5 wt% (1.1 mmol g−1) at 1 and 0.1 bar, respectively. The initial estimated cost of synthesizing the sorbent is ≈$531 tonne−1 of PW making this process economically attractive compared to competitive technologies. The sorbent effectiveness in CO2 separation is demonstrated from various feeds including simulated flue gas and direct air capture. Thus, this upcycling approach can help to address two environmental challenges: PW pollution and increased atmospheric CO2 levels.
Social Life Cycle Assessment of Mexico City's Water Cycle
Authors: García Sánchez Maribel , Padilla‐Rivera Alejandro , Güereca Leonor Patricia
Published: April 2023

There is a need to generate micro‐scale indicators to measure progress towards meeting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 6 and 8. In this sense, this study applies Social Life Cycle Assessment, including Quality of Employment (QoE) and Adequate Public Water Supply (AWS) indicators to assess the social performance of Mexico City's water cycle to identify the level (low, medium and high) of the potential risk of social impact (PR). The results show that the labor hours (WH) required by 1m3 of water in Mexico City is equivalent to 0.062 WH. The QoE indicator shows that 94% of WH are associated with high PR due to low wages. For AWS, 5% is associated with a high PR for local communities in the Cutzamala system due to poor water quality and consumption of bottled water. This case study demonstrates that progress on QoE and AWS indicators can significantly contribute to achieving SDGs 6 and 8 in the water management of communities involved in Mexico City's water cycle.
Leveraging Coupled Solvatofluorochromism and Fluorescence Quenching in Nitrophenyl‐Containing Thiazolothiazoles for Efficient Organic Vapor Sensing
Authors: Brotherton Andrew R. , Shibu Abhishek , Meadows Jared C. , Sayresmith Nickolas A. , Brown Chloe E. , Ledezma Ana Montoya , Schmedake Thomas A. , Walter Michael G.
Published: April 2023

Solvatofluorochromic molecules provide strikingly high fluorescent outputs to monitor a wide range of biological, environmental, or materials‐related sensing processes. Here, thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole (TTz) fluorophores equipped with simple alkylamino and nitrophenyl substituents for solid‐state, high‐performance chemo‐responsive sensing applications are reported. Nitroaromatic substituents are known to strongly quench dye fluorescence, however, the TTz core subtly modulates intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enabling strong, locally excited‐state fluorescence in non‐polar conditions. In polar media, a planar ICT excited‐state shows near complete quenching, enabling a twisted excited‐state emission to be observed. These unique fluorescent properties (spectral shifts of 0.13 – 0.87 eV and large transition dipole moments Δµ = 20.4 – 21.3 D) are leveraged to develop highly sought‐after chemo‐responsive, organic vapor optical sensors. The sensors are developed by embedding the TTz fluorophores within a poly(styrene‐isoprene‐styrene) block copolymer to form fluorescent dye/polymer composites (ΦF = 70 – 97%). The composites respond reversibly to a comprehensive list of organic solvents and show low vapor concentration sensing (e.g., 0.04% solvent saturation vapor pressure of THF – 66 ppm). The composite films can distinguish between solvent vapors with near complete fluorescent quenching observed when exposed to their saturated solvent vapor pressures, making this an extremely promising material for optical chemo‐responsive sensing.
Develop a Compact RNA Base Editor by Fusing ADAR with Engineered EcCas6e
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Renxia , Yang Dong , Li Guoling , Fan Zhanqing , Du Hongting , Wang Zikang , Liu Yuanhua , Lin Jiajia , Wu Xiaoqing , Shi Linyu , Yang Hui , Zhou Yingsi
Published: April 2023

Catalytically inactive CRISPR‐Cas13 (dCas13)‐based base editors can achieve the conversion of adenine‐to‐inosine (A‐to‐I) or cytidine‐to‐uridine (C‐to‐U) at the RNA level, however, the large size of dCas13 protein limits its in vivo applications. Here, a compact and efficient RNA base editor (ceRBE) is reported with high in vivo editing efficiency. The larger dCas13 protein is replaced with a 199‐amino acid EcCas6e protein, derived from the Class 1 CRISPR family involved in pre‐crRNA processing, and conducted optimization for toxicity and editing efficiency. The ceRBE efficiently achieves both A‐to‐I and C‐to‐U base editing with low transcriptome off‐target in HEK293T cells. The efficient repair of the DMD Q1392X mutation (68.3±10.1%) is also demonstrated in a humanized mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) after AAV delivery, achieving restoration of expression for gene products. The study supports that the compact and efficient ceRBE has great potential for treating genetic diseases.
Risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Sugi Tomoyuki , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Ohara Yusuke , Furuya Kinji , Kitaguchi Daichi , Moue Shoko , Akashi Yoshimasa , Ogawa Koichi , Owada Yohei , Oda Tatsuya
Published: April 2023

Aim

To investigate the risk factors for postoperative delirium among elderly patients undergoing elective surgery for gastroenterological cancer.

Methods

From May 2020 to March 2022, patients ≥75 years old with gastroenterological cancer who underwent radical surgery were enrolled. The geriatric assessment, including evaluations of frailty, physical function, nutrition status, and cognitive function, was conducted preoperatively. The confusion assessment method was used to diagnose postoperative delirium. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine risk factors for postoperative delirium.

Results

A total of 158 patients were eligible for inclusion in this study. Of these 53 patients (34%) developed postoperative delirium. In the univariate analysis, the age, regular use of sleeping drugs and benzodiazepine, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, performance status, Fried's frailty score, Vulnerable Elders Survey‐13 score, grip weakness, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form score, and Mini‐Mental State Examination score were statistically associated with the incidence of postoperative delirium. In the multivariate analysis, a SPPB score ≤9, Mini Nutritional Assessment score ≤11, a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≤24, and regular use of benzodiazepine were found to be independent preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium.

Conclusion

Certain findings during the preoperative geriatric assessment, especially low SPPB, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short‐Form and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores, and regular use of benzodiazepine were risk factors for postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing gastroenterological surgery.
Integrating Ion Channels with Bioelectronics for Biotic–Abiotic Systems
Authors: Park Yunjeong , Luo Le , Rolandi Marco
Published: April 2023

Precise and highly regulated flow of biomolecules and ions through complex cellular networks is crucial for communication and information processing in living systems. In contrast, human‐made electronics rely on the flow of electrons and holes through well‐defined semiconductor networks for processing. Ion channels play vital roles in regulating the flow of ions and biomolecules across the cell membrane with a complexity unmatched in any semiconductor device. To enable biotic–abiotic communication and leverage this complexity, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) create a planar cell membrane for integration with bioelectronics. This review discusses the integration of ion channels in bioelectronic devices for biotic–abiotic communication with enhanced functionality. This review begins with an introduction of natural and artificial ion channels across SLBs, continues with a description of bioelectronic devices integrating SLBs, and concludes with examples of functional ion channel bioelectronics.
Transmission in Graphene through Tilted Barrier in Laser Field
Authors: Aitouni Rachid El , Mekkaoui Miloud , Jellal Ahmed
Published: April 2023

The transmission of Dirac fermions in graphene through a tilted barrier potential in the presence of a laser field of frequency ω is studied. By using Floquet theory, the Dirac equation is solved and then the energy spectrum is obtained. The boundary conditions together with the transfer matrix method allow to determine the transmission probabilities corresponding to all energy bands . By limiting to the central band and the two first side bands , it is shown that the transmissions are strongly affected by the laser field and barrier. Indeed, it is found that the Klein effect is still present, a variety of oscillations are inside the barrier, and there is essentially no transmission across all bands.
Electron Acceptor Molecule Doping Induced π–π Interaction to Promote Charge Transport Kinetics for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Lian , Chang Bohong , Li Hui , Wu Yutong , Zhang Luyuan , Yin Longwei
Published: April 2023

Although the incorporation of 2D perovskite into 3D perovskite can greatly enhance intrinsic stability, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2D/3D perovskite is still inferior to its 3D counterpart due to poor carrier transport kinetics resulted from the quantum and dielectric confinement of 2D component. To overcome this issue, the electron acceptor molecule 1,2,4,5‐tetracyanobenzene (TCNB) was introduced to trigger intermolecular π–π interaction in 2D perovskite along with the electronic doping of 2D/3D perovskite to improve charge transfer efficiency. By virtue of high electron affinity, TCNB can undergo electron transfer reaction and subsequently establish π–π interaction with 1‐naphthalenemethylammonium (NMA) cations, greatly strengthening lattice rigidity and reducing exciton binding energy. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrate that 2D phases are mainly distributed at grain boundaries, reducing defect density and weakening nonradiative recombination. Meanwhile, the p‐type doping of perovskite by TCNB optimizes energy level alignment at perovskite/hole transport layer interface. Consequently, PCE of champion device is significantly boosted to 24.01 %. The unencapsulated device retains an initial efficiency close to 94 % after exposure to ambient environment for over 1000 h. This work paves a novel path for designing new mixed‐dimensional perovskite solar cells with high PCE and superior stability.
Two novel silver(I) phenanthroline derivative complexes induce G2/M phase cycle arrest and apoptosis of MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells by multiple mechanisms
Authors: Niu Zong‐ling , Wu Tian‐Tian , Wu Yuan‐yuan , Zhou Si‐Han , Li Zhe , Guo Ji‐Chao , Zhou Shu‐Min , Deng Shi‐Hui , Xu Jing‐Yuan , Xie Ming‐Jin
Published: April 2023

Two novel silver(I) phenanthroline derivative complexes (P‐235 and P‐239) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, HPLC‐MS, and 1HNMR. The cytotoxicity of two complexes exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human breast cancer (MDA‐MB‐231) cell line (IC50 = 0.48 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.01 μM) and less toxicity than cisplatin by MTT assays. Furthermore, anticancer mechanistic studies showed that P‐235 and P‐239 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest to inhibit the growth of MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that MDA‐MB‐231 cells could be significantly induced to undergo apoptosis by P‐235 and P‐239. And P‐235‐ and P‐239‐induced apoptosis was linked with reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Further study revealed that P‐235 and P‐239 cause mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and destroy mitochondrial membrane potential.
Coating dense silicon carbide layer on artificial graphites to achieve synergistically enhanced thermal conductivity and electronic insulation of polymer composites
Authors: Huang Min , Tian Yexin , Kong Nizao , Liao Gen , Ye Chong , Fu Liqin , Wen Bingjie , Jia Kun , Wang Shuang , Liu Jinshui , Han Fei
Published: April 2023

As a potential thermal conductive filler, spherical graphite (SG) has high thermal conductivity, low density, and a good spherical shape structure. However, the poor electrical insulation of SG will seriously limit its application in highly integrated electronic device packaging. Herein, through a simple liquid–solid chemical reaction, the surface of the SG particle is firmly covered by a uniform silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic coating. Subsequently, a polycarbosilane precursor is immersed into the pore channels of the SiC layer and pyrolyzed at a high temperature to densify the coating. As compared to the original SG thermal pad, the SiC‐coated SG‐derived pad exhibits significantly enhanced electrical insulation and even higher thermal conductivity. As a result, the SiC‐coated SG‐based composite displays a high thermal conductivity of 3.36 W m−1 K−1, a satisfactory resistivity of 7.10 × 1010 Ω cm accompanied with a low density of 1.65 g/cm3. This work could provide the instructional designing protocol of the highly thermal conductive carbon‐based particles by coating ceramic layers for potential application in electronic packaging.
Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant activities, enzymatic activities and insecticidal potential of aqueous extracts of four plants on the larvae of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the main pest of cotton plant in Ivory Coast
Authors: Bini Kouadio Kra Norbert , Kobenan Koffi Christophe , Kouakou Malanno , Kouadio Ibrahime Sinan , Zengin Gokhan , Jekő József , Cziáky Zoltán , Danho Mathias , Ochou Ochou Germain
Published: April 2023

In the context of climate change, the Ivorian cotton industry is facing with the loss of sensitivity of pests (Helicoverpa armigera) and the appearance of new so‐called emerging insects. Faced with this situation, cotton producers tend to use insecticide products in high doses, in excess of the norm. However, the misuse of chemical products poses many health risks. Therefore, to limit the use of chemicals, aqueous extracts of local plants with insecticidal properties were examined in the laboratory and in the field. Four local plant species were selected [Anacardium occidentale (Anarcardier); Azadirachta indica (Neem); Hyptis suaveolens (Hyptis) and Tephrosia vogelii (Tephrosia)]. After determining the chemical profiles of the four extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)‐mass spectrometry, their inhibitory activities were assessed in cholinesterase and tyrosinase. The sensitivity of Helicoverpa armigera larvae was evaluated by ingesting the aqueous extracts at several concentrations ranging from 2% to 64% in an artificial nutrient substrate. Then, the mortality rates of the larvae during 72 h were evaluated and the lethal concentrations were determined. The results of chemical analyses (HPLC) showed that the richest aqueous extract in phytochemicals with 54 elements detected was that of cashew (A. occidentale). T. vogelii, A. indica and H. suaveolens presented 44, 45, and 39 chemical compounds, respectively. In addition, the total phenolic content was higher in A. occidentale (110.67 mg gallic acid equivalents/g) followed by A. indica (42.43 mg gallic acid equivalents/g). The highest antioxidant ability was observed with the aqueous extract of cashew (A. occidentale). Anti‐enzymatic activities such as acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibition were most pronounced in A. occidentale (2.35 ± 0.02 mg galanthamine equivalent/g, 3.77 ± 0.01 mg galanthamine equivalent/g and 71.28 ± 0.07 mg kojic acid equivalent/g, respectively). The most toxic aqueous extract for H. armigera larvae was that of cashew with a lethal concentration LC50 = 11.68%. Moreover, the principal component analysis performed showed that the insecticidal activity is strongly correlated with the antioxidant and enzymatic activities of the aqueous extracts. Then, the hierarchical ascending classification showed cashew as the best plant. For the sustainability of cotton production, it would be necessary to limit the use of chemical‐synthetic insecticides through the use of plant extracts, especially from cashew leaves.
Efficacy and Safety of Lenabasum, a Cannabinoid Type 2 Receptor Agonist, in a Phase 3 Randomized Trial in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Spiera Robert , Kuwana Masataka , Khanna Dinesh , Hummers Laura , Frech Tracy M. , Stevens Wendy , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Kafaja Suzanne , Distler Oliver , Jun Jae‐Bum , Levy Yair , Leszcyzński Piotr , Gordon Jessica , Steen Virginia , Lee Eun Bong , Jankowski Tomasz , Litinsky Irena , Chung Lorina , Hsu Vivien , Mayes Maureen , Sandorfi Nora , Simms Robert W. , Finzel Stephanie , de Vries‐Bouwstra Jeska , Constantine Scott , Dgetluck Nancy , Dinh Quinn , Bloom Bradley J. , Furst Daniel E. , White Barbara , Denton Christopher P. ,   the RESOLVE‐1 Study Group
Published: April 2023

Objective

This phase 3 study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and safety of lenabasum, a cannabinoid type 2 receptor agonist, in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc).

Methods

A multinational double‐blind study was conducted in 365 dcSSc patients who were randomized and dosed 1:1:1 with lenabasum 20 mg, lenabasum 5 mg, or placebo, each twice daily and added to background treatments, including immunosuppressive therapies (IST).

Results

The primary end point, the American College of Rheumatology combined response index in dcSSc (CRISS) at week 52 for lenabasum 20 mg twice a day versus placebo, was not met, with CRISS score of 0.888 versus 0.887 (P = 0.4972, using mixed models repeated measures [MMRM]). The change in the modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) at week 52 for lenabasum 20 mg twice a day versus placebo was −6.7 versus −8.1 (P = 0.1183, using MMRM). Prespecified analyses showed higher CRISS scores, greater improvement in MRSS, and lower decline in forced vital capacity in patients on background mycophenolate and those who were taking IST for ≤1 year. No deaths or excess in serious or severe adverse events related to lenabasum were observed.

Conclusion

A benefit of lenabasum in dcSSc was not demonstrated. Most patients were treated with background IST, and treatment with mycophenolate mofetil in particular was associated with better outcomes. These findings support the use of IST in the treatment of dcSSc and highlight the challenge of demonstrating a treatment effect when investigational treatment is added to standard of care IST. These findings have relevance to trial design in SSc, as well as to clinical care.
Fault detection and prediction scheme for nonlinear stochastic distribution systems
Authors: Zhang Chang , Yao Lina , Sun Yuancheng , Qin Jifeng
Published: April 2023

Model‐based fault detection technique has a broad range of applications because of the small change to the system when the system state is known to be available and the low cost. For nonlinear stochastic distribution systems containing uncertain disturbance term, a model‐based fault detection and failure time prediction scheme is proposed in this paper, and observers are designed to detect whether the incipient fault has occurred in the system. The residual is obtained by comparing the output of the actual system with the output of the observer. When the residual exceeds the threshold value obtained by derivation, it is determined that the fault has occurred in the system. The fault size can then be estimated in real time and used to determine the time to failure (TTF) or the remaining useful life of the system. The TTF of the system is obtained by comparing the magnitude of the current system fault with the fault threshold. Finally, the feasibility of the presented fault detection scheme is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory and the validity of the scheme is proved by computer simulation.
Evaluation of sequential dosing of potassium permanganate for microcystin‐LR removal
Authors: Hurd Maycee , MacKay Allison A. , Laszakovits Juliana R.
Published: April 2023

Permanganate can be scavenged by dissolved organic matter (DOM), which decreases microcystin (MC) removal efficiency, and permanganate attack on cyanobacterial cells can damage cells, resulting in the release of additional MCs. Here, the impact of sequential permanganate doses on MC‐LR removal in the presence of two DOM isolates (terrestrial‐ and algal‐derived) was examined. Although sequential permanganate dosing reduced the competition for permanganate from each DOM isolate, the overall MC removal efficiency was not as high when multiple smaller doses of permanganate were applied compared to one single dose. Potassium permanganate was not observed to lyse Microcystis cells up to 10 mg L−1. Sequential permanganate dosing did not alter the extent of lysis observed for a model bacterium. Mathematical simulations of permanganate oxidation in the presence of DOM suggested that sequential dosing would be most beneficial for enhancing MC‐LR removal when a small portion of highly reactive DOM exists.
Synthesis of nanostructured silica particles for controlled release of ascorbic acid: Microstructure features and in vitro scratch wound assay
Authors: Alhadhrami Nahlah A. , Alatawi Raedah A. S.
Published: April 2023

To date, the long term stability of ascorbic acid (AA) under physiological conditions represents a major issue for wound healing and tissue regeneration applications. In this study, ascorbyl phosphate (AP) was loaded into silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) through a simple one step procedure, in which spherical shaped porous SiNPs were obtained via hydrolysis/condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of bicarbonate salt and ammonia. The as‐prepared SiNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR). Incorporation of bicarbonate salt resulted in the formation of spherical SiNPs with an average diameter of 460 ± 89 nm, while further increase of bicarbonate salt led to the formation of silica sheet‐like structures. The AP‐loaded SiNPs exhibited high loading efficiency from 92.3‐ 81.5%, according to AP content and sustained release over 3 days. According to cell viability assay, the obtained AP‐enriched SiNPS showed no toxicity and supportive effect to the proliferation of human skin fibroblast cells (HSF) at a concentration less than 200 µg mL−1. Moreover, it was observed that the wound closure percentage (%) after 24 h was also shown to increase to 74.1 ± 3.1% for 20AP‐loaded SiNPs compared to control samples (50.1 ± 1.8%). The obtained results clearly demonstrated that the developed SiNPs formulation exhibits optimal microstructure features to maintain a sustained release of ascorbic acid AA at wound bed for the healing of skin tissue, including acute and chronic wounds.
Chemical profiling and quantitative analysis on the aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum fruit by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Jing , Cheng Shuohan , Yao Lan , Talifu Ainiwaer , Saimaiti Refuhati , Matnur Yusup , Zhang Chen , Chen Yanhua , Zhou Wenbin , Abliz Zeper
Published: April 2023

Anise fruit (Aniseed) has been used for many years as a traditional medicine in various countries throughout the world; however, the chemical material basis of Aniseed water extract (AWE) has not been examined in detail, limiting our understanding of its pharmacological mechanism and methods for practical quality control. A high‐efficiency and high‐sensitivity LC‐triple time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis method using data processing method combined with product ion and neutral loss filtering for systematic screening and identification of the constituents of AWE was established. A quantitative method was established by using LC–MS/MS with multiple reaction monitoring for 10 min to determine the concentration of 17 representative constituents. A total of 89 compounds were discovered in AWE, of which 31 were confirmed by the reference standards, while 24 were found in Aniseed for the first time. The qualification analysis results showed that chlorogenic acids and luteolin derivatives were the major compounds. The linearity, sensitivity, precision, stability, repeatability, and accuracy of the method were verified, which demonstrated that the method could meet the requirements for quantification. This work contributes to a better understanding of the chemical material basis of Aniseed and assists in the development of effective analytical methods for natural medicines.
Silver–Russell syndrome associated with type‐I Chiari malformation. A case report
Authors: Naeem Babar , Nasim Javeria , Sultan Tipu
Published: April 2023

Comprehensive medical evaluation is important for patients with SRS to identify associated medical conditions and provide timely interventions. Clinicians should remain vigilant for potential neurological manifestations in SRS patients.
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF EARLY AGE MOVEMENT IN GROUTED CONNECTIONS
Authors: Henneberg J. , Schaumann P.
Published: April 2023

Grouted connections (GC) of offshore structures are susceptible to wave loading and current directly after grouting. Early age movement (EAM) during the curing process can affect the material properties and the interface quality between the grout and the steel structure. Such effects were observed in laboratory tests performed at the Leibniz University Hannover. Generally, EAM can be characterised by high shear rates and identified as a damage mechanism. In this contribution, the authors present a numerical approach that transfers the observed damage mechanism into an ultimate strength analyses of the GCs. For this purpose, EAM simulations and laboratory tests with fluid grout material are combined to determine areas of high shear rates, which mainly affect the grout properties. With an element‐based adjustment approach, the material law of each element is adjusted according to the level of shear rate. The adjusted finite element model is analysed on its maximum axial load resistance.
Clusterization‐Triggered Room Temperature Phosphorescence Supramolecular Assembly with Extraordinary Stimulus‐responsive Features from Nonaromatic Amino Acids
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Shenjie , Yang Jing , Li Peng , Li Huanrong
Published: April 2023

Achieving stimulus‐responsive performance in room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials especially systems without classic conjugated groups is attractive and important but remains a great challenge. Herein we propose a universal approach to construct colors‐tunable RTP supramolecular co‐assemblies (AC@amino acid) with excitation wavelength‐dependent properties through co‐assembly of functional aminoclay (AC) and nonconjugated amino acid using environmentally friendly strategy. Experimental and theoretical results successfully disclose that the RTP feature is attributable to space conjugation through effective space electronic communications among different π and n (lone pair) electrons of amino acid molecules and the effective stabilization of their triplet state by AC. Meanwhile, their colors‐tunable performances are mainly owing to the co‐existence of clusters with different aggregates degree through recrystallization of amino acid taking AC as a template. Importantly, AC@amino acid exhibit sensitive stimulus response features towards water, yet their RTP performance can be maintained in other solvents, such as ethanol (EtOH). By virtue of this unique feature, multilevel information encryption application were demonstrated. This work provides a unique insight and more deep understanding on designing novel RTP systems without classic conjugated groups. Importantly, their extraordinary stimulus‐responsive performances endow these RTP systems with a highly promising potential for intelligent information encryption applications.
Simultaneous co‐overexpression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae septins Cdc3 and Cdc10 drives pervasive, phospholipid‐, and tag‐dependent plasma membrane localization
Authors: Benson Aleyna , McMurray Michael
Published: April 2023

Septin proteins contribute to many eukaryotic processes involving cellular membranes. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin hetero‐oligomers interact with the plasma membrane (PM) almost exclusively at the future site of cytokinesis. While multiple mechanisms of membrane recruitment have been identified, including direct interactions with specific phospholipids and curvature‐sensitive interactions via amphipathic helices, these do not fully explain why yeast septins do not localize all over the inner leaflet of the PM. While engineering an inducible split‐yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) system to measure the kinetics of yeast septin complex assembly, we found that ectopic co‐overexpression of two tagged septins, Cdc3 and Cdc10, resulted in nearly uniform PM localization, as well as perturbation of endogenous septin function. Septin localization and function in gametogenesis were also perturbed. PM localization required the C‐terminal YFP fragment fused to the C terminus of Cdc3, the septin‐associated kinases Cla4 and Gin4, and phosphotidylinositol‐4,5‐bis‐phosphate (PI[4,5]P2), but not the putative PI(4,5)P2‐binding residues in Cdc3. Endogenous Cdc10 was recruited to the PM, likely contributing to the functional interference. PM‐localized septins did not exchange with the cytosolic pool, indicative of stable polymers. These findings provide new clues as to what normally restricts septin localization to specific membranes.
A hybrid multicategory framework for generating automated trading systems
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sahoo Kartik , Thakur Manoj
Published: April 2023

This work proposes a framework for producing automatic trading systems that suggest making trading decisions in financial markets. The trading systems thus generated utilize multicategory classifiers. A collection of important technical indicators are considered as input features for the underlying multicategory classifiers. The proposed trading systems also have an option to use random forest (RF) algorithms for feature selection. The trading range breakout strategy is used to train the proposed trading systems thus generating “BUY/SELL/WAIT” trading signals on daily open prices. The performances of the proposed trading systems are evaluated over five future indices. Empirical findings suggest that the day trading systems based on the proposed multicategory SVM classifiers along with the RF technique outperform the day trading systems built using the multicategory classifiers taken from the literature. The trading range breakout strategy‐based systems are found to be superior to the traditional BUY‐HOLD strategy and that of RF‐PSVM (BUY/SELL) based strategy.
Acylglycine Analysis by Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS)
Authors: Hobert Judith A. , Guymon Rebecca , Yuzyuk Tatiana , Pasquali Marzia
Published: April 2023

Quantitative analysis of urine acylglycines has shown to be a highly sensitive and specific method with proven clinical utility for the diagnosis of several inherited metabolic disorders including: medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, short chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency, 2‐methylbutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, isovaleric acidemia, propionic academia, and isobutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Here, a method that is currently performed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) is described. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol: Urinary acylglycine analysis by UPLC‐MS/MS

Support Protocol 1: Quality control preparation

Support Protocol 2: Internal standard (ISTD) preparation

Support Protocol 3: Standard (STD)/calibrator preparation
Sliding mode pulse‐width modulation of five‐leg converter for grid‐connected permanent magnet synchronous generator wind turbine
Authors: Bounadja Mohamed , Belmadani Bachir
Published: April 2023

This paper presents sliding mode pulse‐width modulation (SMPWM) for current‐controlled five‐leg converter (FLC) in wind energy system. The proposed topology substitutes at once two three‐phase converters, classified as back‐to‐back (BTB), by sharing one leg between the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) and power grid. To overcome the coupling of the two sides, the control of common leg is introduced. SMPWM methodology is designed using system dynamic model and surface decoupling approach to make system tracking desired references. The reference currents are selected to perform control requirements of PMSG wind turbine. The phase currents are controlled simultaneously during normal operation and in the event of unbalanced grid voltages. Different operating conditions are tested under wind variations including a turbulence component. The main objectives are to achieve balanced and sinusoidal currents, as well as smooth active and reactive powers injected into the grid. Simulation results show that FLC can act as BTB converters and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Recent development of urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis and monitoring
Authors: Zeng Yuchen , Wang Anqi , Lv Wei , Wang Qingqing , Jiang Shiqi , Pan Xiaoguang , Wang Fei , Yang Huanming , Bolund Lars , Lin Chunhua , Han Peng , Luo Yonglun
Published: April 2023

Urine‐based liquid biopsy has emerged as a non‐invasive and effective tool for early screening and diagnosis of bladder cancer. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current urine‐based biomarkers and methods for the detection and monitoring of bladder cancer. We focus on biomarkers including tumour DNAs, proteins, microbiome, tumour RNAs, long non‐coding RNAs, transfer RNA‐derived fragments, messenger RNAs, microRNAs, circular RNAs, exosomes and extrachromosomal circular DNA.
Marmots do not drink coffee: Human urine contributions to the nitrogen budget of a popular national park destination
Authors: Baron Jill S. , Weinmann Tim , Acharya Varun Kirk , Charlton Caitlin , Nydick Koren R. , Esser Scott
Published: April 2023

Reactive nitrogen (Nr) concentrations are higher than expected for mountain lakes in Rocky Mountain National Park, and for many years, high Nr concentrations have been attributed to atmospheric Nr deposition from regional and more distant emission sources, including combustion of fossil fuels and agricultural activities. Here, we estimated the contribution from a very local source, that of human urine, related to intensive use by visitors in Loch Vale Watershed (LVWS). Not only does urine convey hormones, pharmaceuticals, antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, and antibiotic‐resistant genes to the environment, but it also contributes Nr, which contributes to loss of biodiversity and eutrophication. Using caffeine as a specific marker for human urine, we compared the calculated maximum potential input of urine with that from wet atmospheric Nr deposition. The maximum potential input is a worst‐case scenario. Nearly 30,000 and 45,000 people hiked the 4.0 km to the Loch, the lowest lake in LVWS, in June–September 2019 and 2020, respectively. Informal trails and informal latrine sites were mapped, and the contribution of human urine was calculated based on several assumptions, including that each visitor voided their bladder on the ground once per visit somewhere in Loch Vale. The resulting Nr input from urine in Loch Vale for the summer months of June through September was 0.02 kg Nr ha−1, and prorated to a full year, the 2019 potential contribution of human waste was 0.06 kg ha−1 year−1. These values are compared with June–September 1.2 kg Nr ha−1 from wet atmospheric deposition or annual measured 2019 deposition of 2.5 kg Nr ha−1 year−1, to indicate a contribution of 2% Nr to the waters of Loch Vale from local human urine. Most Nr in this alpine and subalpine watershed is still attributable to emissions and subsequent wet atmospheric deposition, but a 2% contribution from human waste is not insignificant. In the very broadest sense, our results document an ecological disturbance from an unprecedented level of human activity in a protected and designated wilderness area. Local solutions to this local problem could include greater outreach to visitors of public lands about the consequences of their activities and installation of latrines.
Nutrient and stoichiometry dynamics of decomposing litter in stream ecosystems: A global synthesis
Authors: Robbins Caleb J. , Manning David W. P. , Halvorson Halvor M. , Norman Beth C. , Eckert Rebecca A. , Pastor Ada , Dodd Allyn K. , Jabiol Jérémy , Bastias Elliot , Gossiaux Alice , Mehring Andrew S.
Published: April 2023

Decomposing organic matter forms a substantial resource base, fueling the biogeochemical function and secondary production of most aquatic ecosystems. However, detrital N (nitrogen) and P (phosphorus) dynamics remain relatively unexplored in aquatic ecosystems relative to terrestrial ecosystems, despite fundamentally linking microbial processes to ecosystem function across broad spatial scales. We synthesized 217 published time series of detrital carbon (C), N, P, and their stoichiometric ratios (C:N, C:P, N:P) from stream ecosystems to analyze the temporal nutrient dynamics of decomposing litter using generalized additive models. Model results indicated that detritus was a net source of N (irrespective of inorganic or organic form) to the environment, regardless of initial N content. In contrast, P sink/source dynamics were more strongly influenced by the initial P content, in which P‐poor litters were sinks for nutrients until these shifted to net P mineralization after ~40% mass loss. However, large variations surrounded both the N and P predictions, suggesting the importance of nonmicrobial factors such as fragmentation by invertebrates. Detrital C:N ratios converged and became more similar toward the end of the decomposition, suggesting predictable microbial functional effects throughout detrital ontogeny. C:P and N:P ratios also converged to some degree, but these model predictions were less robust than for C:N, due in part to the lower number of published detrital C:P time series. The explorations of environmental covariate effects were frequently limited by a few coincident covariate measurements across studies, but temperature, N availability, and P tended to accelerate the existing ontogenetic patterns in C:N. Our analysis helps to unite organic matter decomposition across aquatic–terrestrial boundaries by describing the basic patterns of elemental flows catalyzed by decomposition in streams, and points to a research agenda with which to continue addressing gaps in our knowledge of detrital nutrient dynamics across ecosystems.
Atomically Dispersed Zinc Active Sites Efficiently Promote the Electrochemical Conversion of N2 to NH3
Authors: Wei Yanjiao , Wang Xinyu , Sun Mengjie , Ma Min , Tian Jian , Shao Minhua
Published: April 2023

At present, the research on highly active and stable nitrogen reduction reaction catalysts is still challenging work for the electrosynthesis of ammonia (NH3). Herein, we synthesized atomically dispersed zinc active sites supported on N‐doped carbon nanosheets (Zn/NC NSs) as an efficient nitrogen reduction reaction catalyst, which achieves a high ammonia yield of 46.62 μg h−1 mg−1cat. at −0.85 V (vs RHE) and Faradaic efficiency of 95.8% at −0.70 V (vs RHE). In addition, Zn/NC NSs present great stability and selectivity, and there is no significant change in NH3 rate and Faradaic efficiencies after multiple cycles. The structural characterization shows that the active center in the nitrogen reduction reaction process is the Zn–N4 sites in the catalyst. DFT calculation confirms that Zn/NC with Zn–N4 configuration has a lower energy barrier for the formation of *NNH intermediate compared with pure N‐doped carbon nanosheets (N‐C NSs), thus promoting the hydrogenation kinetics in the whole nitrogen reduction reaction process.