bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brain Mechanisms Underlying Reality Monitoring for Heard and Imagined Words
Authors: Sugimori Eriko , Mitchell Karen J. , Raye Carol L. , Greene Erich J. , Johnson Marcia K.
Published: January 2014

Using functional MRI, we investigated reality monitoring for auditory information. During scanning, healthy young adults heard words in another person’s voice and imagined hearing other words in that same voice. Later, outside the scanner, participants judged words as “heard,” “imagined,” or “new.” An area of left middle frontal gyrus (Brodmann’s area, or BA, 6) was more active at encoding for imagined items subsequently correctly called “imagined” than for items incorrectly called “heard.” An area of left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 45, 44) was more active at encoding for items subsequently called “heard” than “imagined,” regardless of the actual source of the item. Scores on an Auditory Hallucination Experience Scale were positively related to activity in superior temporal gyrus (BA 22) for imagined words incorrectly called “heard.” We suggest that activity in these areas reflects cognitive operations information (middle frontal gyrus) and semantic and perceptual detail (inferior frontal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus, respectively) used to make reality-monitoring attributions.
Notes on testing equality and interval estimation in Poisson frequency data under a three-treatment three-period crossover trial
Authors: Lui Kung-Jong , Chang Kuang-Chao
Published: January 2014

When the frequency of event occurrences follows a Poisson distribution, we develop procedures for testing equality of treatments and interval estimators for the ratio of mean frequencies between treatments under a three-treatment three-period crossover design. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we evaluate the performance of these test procedures and interval estimators in various situations. We note that all test procedures developed here can perform well with respect to Type I error even when the number of patients per group is moderate. We further note that the two weighted-least-squares (WLS) test procedures derived here are generally preferable to the other two commonly used test procedures in the contingency table analysis. We also demonstrate that both interval estimators based on the WLS method and interval estimators based on Mantel-Haenszel (MH) approach can perform well, and are essentially of equal precision with respect to the average length. We use a double-blind randomized three-treatment three-period crossover trial comparing salbutamol and salmeterol with a placebo with respect to the number of exacerbations of asthma to illustrate the use of these test procedures and estimators.
Public health programs as surrogates for social action in Suriname, South America
Authors: Peplow Daniel , Augustine Sarah
Published: January 2014

This paper addresses the merits of public health activism that advocates for social change in which health is the outcome of interest. We acknowledge that while efforts at the individual level are important, social network models consider the underlying mechanisms that lie outside the public health sector. This paper considers the inequitable health of Indigenous people who bear a disproportionate share of the negative health consequences due to economic development programs that follow an assimilation model. This paper discusses a combination of theoretical constructs to understand and solve the problems at hand. It concludes that while the attention paid to technological and behavioral solutions at the individual level yields important health outcomes, attention should also be paid to structural causes that address social, political and economic barriers to prevent disease, disability and premature death.
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections in goats and other animals diagnosed at the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System: 1990–2012
Authors: Giannitti Federico , Barr Bradd C. , Brito Bárbara P. , Uzal Francisco A. , Villanueva Michelle , Anderson Mark
Published: January 2014

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a recognized zoonotic food-borne pathogen; however, little is known about the ecology and epidemiology of diseases caused by the bacterium in California. The objective of the current study was to contribute to the knowledge of the diseases caused by Y. pseudotuberculosis in goats, the animal species most frequently reported with clinical yersiniosis to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, to better understand the epidemiology of this disease. A 23-year retrospective study was conducted to characterize the syndromes caused by the bacterium in goats and their temporospatial distribution, and to determine the number of cases in other animal species. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis–associated disease was diagnosed in 42 goats from 21 counties, with a strong seasonality in winter and spring. Most cases (88%) were observed within particular years (1999, 2004–2006, 2010–2011). The most frequently diagnosed syndrome was enteritis and/or typhlocolitis (64.3%), followed by abscessation (14.3%), abortion (11.9%), conjunctivitis (4.75%), and hepatitis (4.75%). Among other animal species, 59 cases were diagnosed in non-poultry avian species and 33 in mammals other than goats.
Effect of Prior Exploration as an Instructional Strategy for System Dynamics
Authors: Kopainsky Birgit , Alessi Stephen M. , Pedercini Matteo , Davidsen Pål I.
Published: January 2014

In complex simulation-based learning environments, participants’ learning and performance may suffer due to demands on their cognitive processing, their struggle to develop adequate mental models, failure to transfer what is learned to subsequent learning or activities, and fear of failure. This study investigates an instructional strategy addressing those four problems, which we call prior exploration strategy. It was implemented in a simulation requiring participants to optimize a developing nation’s per capita income. The prior exploration strategy allows participants to manipulate and see the results of a simulation model in practice mode before they manage a similar simulation in a more final mode. The strategy was assessed in an experiment comparing participants using the prior exploration strategy with participants studying equivalent content in a non-exploratory fashion. The dependent variables were performance within the simulation and improvement of participants’ understanding. The prior exploration strategy significantly improved participants’ performance, as measured by per capita income. It also significantly improved some aspects of the participants’ understanding (e.g., their understanding of the nation’s debt accumulation), but not others (e.g., their understanding of the need to balance the nation’s health, education, and infrastructure investments; those that appear to have complex interrelations).
Applying Common Core Standards to Students With Disabilities in Music
Authors: Darrow Alice-Ann
Published: January 2014

The following article includes general information on the Common Core State Standards, how the standards apply to the music and academic education of students with disabilities, and web resources that will helpful to music educators teaching students with and without disabilities.
The Efficacy of Parent–Child Interaction Therapy With Chinese Families
Authors: Leung Cynthia , Tsang Sandra , Sin Tammy C. S. , Choi Siu-yan
Published: January 2014

Objective: This study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) in Hong Kong Chinese families, using randomized controlled trial design. Methods: The participants included 111 Hong Kong Chinese parents with children aged 2–7 years old, who were randomized into the intervention group ( n = 54) and control group ( n = 57). The participants were requested to complete a set of questionnaires on child behavior problems and parenting before and after intervention. They were also assessed by PCIT therapists using Dyadic Parent–Child Interaction Coding System: Abbreviated Version (3rd edition) before and after intervention. Results: The results indicated significant decrease in child behavior problems, parenting stress, negative emotions, negative parenting practices, and increase in positive parenting practices in the intervention group, compared with the control group. Conclusion: The results provided encouraging evidence that the PCIT was effective with Hong Kong Chinese families.
End-of-Life Dreams and Visions
Authors: Nosek Cheryl L. , Kerr Christopher W. , Woodworth Julie , Wright Scott T. , Grant Pei C. , Kuszczak Sarah M. , Banas Anne , Luczkiewicz Debra L. , Depner Rachel M.
Published: January 2014

End-of-life dreams and visions (ELDVs) are well documented throughout history and across cultures with impact on the dying person and their loved ones having profound meaning. Published studies on ELDVs are primarily based on surveys or interviews with clinicians or families of dead persons. This study uniquely examined patient dreams and visions from their personal perspective. This article reports the qualitative findings from dreams and visions of 63 hospice patients. Inductive content analysis was used to examine the content and subjective significance of ELDVs. Six categories emerged: comforting presence, preparing to go, watching or engaging with the deceased, loved ones waiting, distressing experiences, and unfinished business.
Unifying Psychology and Experiential Education
Authors: Houge Mackenzie Susan , Son Julie S. , Hollenhorst Steve
Published: January 2014

This article examines the significance of psychology to experiential education (EE) and critiques EE models that have developed in isolation from larger psychological theories and developments. Following a review of literature and current issues, select areas of psychology are explored with reference to experiential learning processes. The state of knowledge and emerging paradigms in positive psychology, self-determination theory, flow theory, and neuropsychology are explored in an effort to better understand the mechanisms underpinning experiential learning and program development. Implications for practitioners and future research directions are discussed in relation to these emerging bodies of knowledge.
The Social System in Outdoor Adventure Education Programs
Authors: Sibthorp Jim , Jostad Jeremy
Published: January 2014

Many components of the social system interact with one another to produce group-level behavior that determines the functionality of the small group in outdoor adventure education (OAE). This article synthesizes the contemporary literature and theory regarding eight aspects of the OAE social system: (a) Macro Contextual Factors, (b) Student Factors, (c) Instructor Factors, (d) Goals, (e) Group Factors, (f) Group Outcomes, (g) Group Dependent Individual Outcomes, and (h) Time. Directions for future research and implications for OAE are discussed.
Social Justice in Outdoor Experiential Education
Authors: Warren Karen , Roberts Nina S. , Breunig Mary , Alvarez M. Antonio (Tony) G.
Published: January 2014

Outdoor experiential education has often been critiqued for its White, male, middle/upper-class, able-bodied history, thereby causing professionals and programs to consider issues of social justice. This state of knowledge paper will review the literature on social and environmental justice, identify gaps in current social justice literature and practice, and offer recommendations for creating a new history.
Diabetes Barriers and Self-Care Management
Authors: Stiffler Deborah , Cullen Deborah , Luna Gaye
Published: January 2014

For those individuals diagnosed with diabetes, the challenge is how to cope and manage the many aspects of their lives. The aim of this qualitative synthesis was to evaluate research studies for findings and then synthesize patients’ experiences within the context of diabetes self-care while facing daily barriers. A total of 95 findings from 21 studies were categorized via like themes. These themes were further analyzed and aggregated to represent an interpretive meta-synthesis via a rigorous methodological protocol as described by Pearson, Robertson-Malt, and Rittinmeyer and the Joanna Briggs Institute. Meta-synthesized findings suggest that patients “avoid and hinder self-management” as well as “desire self-care and living life.” Clinicians can improve interactions and potentiate understanding when the therapeutic approach is about the person living with diabetes as opposed to clinical control.
Taboo Topics
Authors: Hudson Bryant Ashley , Okhuysen Gerardo A.
Published: January 2014

Studies of organization stigma have become increasing prominent. Yet these studies are not uncontroversial; structural barriers to the study of organization stigma still exist within the profession. We argue for the study of stigma, highlighting its importance. We then explain how structural barriers threaten the study of organization stigma by imposing inappropriate boundaries on scholarly inquiry, and by threatening the validity of the findings derived from such studies. We also outline the sources and consequences of the structural barriers that impose these obstacles. We end by suggesting ways that such studies can be reframed in an effort to overcome or lessen the taboo nature of the stigma studies.
Failure modelling in metal forming by means of an anisotropic hyperelastic-plasticity model with damage
Authors: Vladimirov Ivaylo N , Pietryga Michael P , Kiliclar Yalin , Tini Vivian , Reese Stefanie
Published: January 2014

In metal forming, formability is limited by the evolution of ductile damage in the work piece. The accurate prediction of material failure requires, in addition to the description of anisotropic plasticity, the inclusion of damage in the finite element simulation. This paper discusses the application of an anisotropic hyperelastic-plasticity model with isotropic damage to the numerical simulation of fracture limits in metal forming. The model incorporates plastic anisotropy, nonlinear kinematic and isotropic hardening and ductile damage. The constitutive equations of the proposed model are numerically integrated both implicitly and explicitly, and the model is implemented as a user material subroutine UMAT in the commercial solvers ABAQUS/Standard and LS-DYNA, respectively. The numerical examples investigate the potential of the constitutive framework regarding the prediction of failure in metal forming processes such as, e.g. cross-die deep drawing. In particular, simulations of the Nakazima stretching test with varying specimen geometry are utilized to simulate the forming limit diagram at fracture and the numerical results are compared to experimental data for aluminium alloy sheets.
Strain energy density to assess mode II fracture in U-notched disk-type graphite plates
Authors: Torabi AR , Berto F
Published: January 2014

The brittle fracture criterion, namely the strain energy density (SED) over a control volume, which embraces the notch edge, is utilized in the present research to assess the experimentally obtained fracture loads of several U-notched Brazilian disk (UNBD) specimens made of a type of commercial graphite under pure mode II loading. The results show that the SED criterion could successfully predict the fracture loads of graphite specimens for different notch tip radii with an average discrepancy of about ±10%. It is proved in this investigation that not only the SED criterion works well on brittle fracture of notched graphite components under pure mode I, mixed mode I/II and pure mode III loading conditions, but also under pure mode II loading.
Modeling of crack nucleation in covering on an elastic base
Authors: Mirsalimov VM , Hasanov ShG
Published: January 2014

Mathematical description and analysis of cracking in the covering coupled with the base made of another elastic material is carried out. It is assumed that in accordance with loading in the covering there will appear prefracture zones that are modeled as the areas of the weakened interparticle bonds in the material. In prefracture zones (layers of overstressed material), the covering’s material is deformed beyond the limit of elasticity. It is assumed that in the course of loading, the covering’s section has an arbitrary number of rectilinear prefracture zones. The definition of unknown parameters characterizing the cracking is reduced to the solution of the system of singular integral equations. The condition determining the limiting value of the external load under which cracks occur is found.
Prospective Study of Hammertoe Correction With an Intramedullary Implant
Authors: Catena Fernanda , Doty Jesse F. , Jastifer James , Coughlin Michael J. , Stevens Faustin
Published: January 2014

Background:

Operative correction of a hammertoe deformity is often accomplished by excision of the articular surface of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and fixation across the joint. This study aimed to prospectively evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes of hammertoe operative correction utilizing an internal implant and assess its ability to maintain postoperative alignment.

Methods:

Twenty-nine patients (53 toes) with a painful rigid hammertoe deformity were prospectively enrolled and operatively treated with resection arthroplasty of the PIP joint and fixation with an implant. Five patients were lost to follow-up, and 24 patients (42 toes) returned at an average of 12 months for final clinical and radiographic evaluation. All patients were evaluated pre- and postoperatively by AOFAS and Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) scores. On physical exam, the location and magnitude of the deformity, callosities, and digit circumference were recorded. Radiological parameters evaluated were digital alignment, successful union, implant position, and bone reaction.

Results:

All patients reported satisfaction at final follow-up, with an average improvement of AOFAS score from 52 (range, 24-87 points) to 71 (range, 42-95 points) points. The mean VAS pain score improved from 5 points (range, 2 to 10) preoperatively to 1 point (range, 0 to 5) postoperatively. Of patients, 87% reported an ability to return to their preoperative activities without limitations. Regarding digital alignment, there were no recurrent deformities or transverse plane deformities; 1 toe presented with a minor digital rotational deformity at final follow-up. Postoperative radiographs indicated 100% of proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints with good alignment, and 81% demonstrated bony union.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that utilization of an internal implant for hammertoe correction was safe and provided acceptable alignment, pain reduction, and improved function at final follow-up.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Together but Unequal
Authors: Wu Weiping , Wang Guixin
Published: January 2014

This article provides a renewed understanding of migrants’ citizenship rights in urban China. Specifically, we look at how migrants fare in attaining homeownership and social benefits, in comparison with local residents. We also explore how migrant outcomes relate to both individual socioeconomic and institutional factors. The results are primarily based on the 2005 One Percent Population Survey in two of China’s largest cities—Beijing and Shanghai. Migrants have experienced improvement in homeownership and housing conditions, but there is marked heterogeneity in rights attainment among migrants, particularly by type of origin (urban vs. rural). Making the most gains are those from urban origins and with better education. Market-related factors, such as education, are increasingly important predictors of migrant outcomes in the cities.
High-performance hybrid CPU and GPU parallel algorithm for digital volume correlation
Authors: Gates Mark , Heath Michael T , Lambros John
Published: January 2014

We present a hybrid Message Passing Interface (MPI) and graphics processing unit (GPU)-based parallel digital volume correlation (DVC) algorithm for measuring three-dimensional (3D) displacement and strain fields inside a material undergoing motion or deformation. Our algorithm achieves resolution comparable to that achieved in two-dimensional (2D) digital image correlation (DIC), in time that is commensurate with the image acquisition time, in this case, using microcomputed tomography ([Formula: see text] CT) for scanning images. For DVC, the volume of data and number of correlation points both grow cubically with the linear dimensions of the image. We turn to parallel computing to gain sufficient processing power to scale to high resolution, and are able to achieve more than an order-of-magnitude increase in resolution compared with previous efforts that are not based on a parallel framework.
Large-scale analysis of neuroimaging data on commercial clouds with content-aware resource allocation strategies
Authors: Minervini Massimo , Rusu Cristian , Damiano Mario , Tucci Valter , Bifone Angelo , Gozzi Alessandro , Tsaftaris Sotirios A
Published: January 2014

The combined use of mice that have genetic mutations (transgenic mouse models) of human pathology and advanced neuroimaging methods (such as magnetic resonance imaging) has the potential to radically change how we approach disease understanding, diagnosis and treatment. Morphological changes occurring in the brain of transgenic animals as a result of the interaction between environment and genotype can be assessed using advanced image analysis methods, an effort described as ‘mouse brain phenotyping’. However, the computational methods involved in the analysis of high-resolution brain images are demanding. While running such analysis on local clusters is possible, not all users have access to such infrastructure and even for those that do, having additional computational capacity can be beneficial (e.g. to meet sudden high throughput demands). In this paper we use a commercial cloud platform for brain neuroimaging and analysis. We achieve a registration-based multi-atlas, multi-template anatomical segmentation, normally a lengthy-in-time effort, within a few hours. Naturally, performing such analyses on the cloud entails a monetary cost, and it is worthwhile identifying strategies that can allocate resources intelligently. In our context a critical aspect is the identification of how long each job will take. We propose a method that estimates the complexity of an image-processing task, a registration, using statistical moments and shape descriptors of the image content. We use this information to learn and predict the completion time of a registration. The proposed approach is easy to deploy, and could serve as an alternative for laboratories that may require instant access to large high-performance-computing infrastructures. To facilitate adoption from the community we publicly release the source code.
The Role of Melanocortin 1 Receptor in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma
Authors: Steck Mary Beth
Published: January 2014

Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is an epidemic cancer in the United States. Survival rates for invasive CMM have not increased in past decades despite numerous clinical trials and the effective use of various combinations of chemotherapy agents to treat other cancers. Recent research has investigated the role of melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R), a gene associated with red-hair phenotype in White individuals and with increased risk for developing CMM, in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. This limited narrative review discusses the incidence, history, and risk factors for CMM. It explores familial CMM and provides a brief review of melanocyte development and melanogenesis. Histology of CMM and cytogenetic techniques used to identify CMM mutations is also discussed. The structure and function of MC1R is described, with particular attention to MC1R’s role in the MAPK pathway. Finally, the review touches on individualized therapy for CMM using genetic biomarkers and explores the promise of genomic research for finding effective treatments.
‘Reflexivities of discomfort’: Researching the sex trade and sex trafficking in Ireland
Authors: Ward Eilís , Wylie Gillian
Published: January 2014

This article theorizes a research process in a highly politicized environment in which we, as feminist researchers, found ourselves standing outside the feminist standpoint which dominated Irish public discourse, viz advocacy of a Swedish-style, neo-abolitionist, prostitution policy. We suggest that our increasing personal and intellectual discomfort as that policy position gained support contained valuable epistemic insight. We theorize this principally by drawing on Pillow’s concept of ‘reflexivities of discomfort’. This article offers an account of the messy dynamics of a research process in which we, in time, recognized our own psychosocial worlds as sites of social critique. We contribute to debates about reflexivity by exploring the insights which this approach brought when applied to the dynamics of power politics between us as researchers and the wider policy field within which we were immersed.
Tribological behaviors of foamed copper/epoxy resin composites augmented by molybdenum disulfide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Xu Yinsong , Ji Keju , Huang Zhenggen , Zhao Huihui , Dai Zhendong
Published: January 2014

A novel foamed copper/epoxy (FCE) composite possessing improved wear resistance was developed as a rubbing pair material. The composites consist of an open-cell foamed copper skeleton and an epoxy resin and auxiliary additives, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A universal UMT-2 friction and wear tester was utilized to study the tribological properties of the FCE composites under dry lubrication conditions. We found that the amount of MoS2, the porosity of the copper foam, and the presence of the MWCNTs all have an effect on the friction and wear properties of the composite materials. The friction coefficient of the composite material gradually decreases as the amount of MoS2 increases; however, the wear rate initially decreases and then increases. When the MoS2 content is 30%, the wear rate reaches a minimum. The wear rate decreases as the porosity of copper foam decreases, but porosity has little effect on the friction coefficient. As the rotation speed of the grinding steel plate and the applied load on samples increase, the wear becomes more significant. The presence of MWCNTs also increases the strength and wear resistance of the epoxy resin matrix. Depth-of-field microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were employed to observe the worn-surface morphologies and wear mechanism. The worn surface of the FCE composite matrix is divided into three parts: the hollow metallic copper skeleton region, the polymer zone, and the transition zone copper skeleton that contains some polymer material. It is important to note that the wear mechanism of the various compositions is adhesive wear and slight abrasive wear, and the fatigue crack that runs perpendicular to the direction of movement begins to form at higher speeds, which results in a higher wear rate.
Approaches to digital piracy research
Authors: Brown Steven Caldwell
Published: January 2014

With its focus on the field of digital piracy (DP), the February 2013 special issue of Convergence explored a number of novel research topics using unconventional research methods. In doing so, the issue stands out from the bulk of DP research, which often concentrates on economic and commercial aspects. Such concerns demand particular research methods that are in turn subject to limitations. Drawing from a broad range of literature across various disciplines, this article both explores these limitations and demonstrates that alternative approaches exist, which can greatly enhance the understanding of digital piracy on a more holistic level. The article concludes with suggestions for future research, arguing in particular that cross-discipline research will best serve the field by promoting innovative methods of data collection and analysis.
Vitamin D status, functional decline, and mortality in peripheral artery disease
Authors: McDermott Mary M , Liu Kiang , Ferrucci Luigi , Tian Lu , Guralnik Jack , Kopp Peter , Van Horn Linda , Liao Yihua , Green David , Kibbe Melina , Sufit Robert , Zhao Lihui , Criqui Michael H
Published: January 2014

Associations of vitamin D levels with prospectively measured functional decline and mortality in people with lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) are unknown. We determined whether lower baseline vitamin D levels are associated with a faster decline in functional performance and higher mortality among people with and without PAD. A total of 658 participants (395 with PAD) underwent baseline measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (DiaSorin radioimmunoassay), a 6-minute walk test, 4-meter walking velocity and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and were followed annually for up to 4 years. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index, comorbidities, the ankle–brachial index, and other confounders. Among participants with PAD, lower baseline vitamin D levels were associated with a faster decline in the 6-minute walk (vitamin D < 30 nmol/L: –70.0 feet/year; vitamin D 30 to < 50 nmol/L: –72.3 feet/year; vitamin D 50 to < 75 nmol/L: –35.5 feet/year; vitamin D 75 to < 120 nmol/L: –35.9 feet/year; p trend=0.012). PAD participants with vitamin D < 30 nmol/L had a faster decline in the SPPB and 6-minute walk compared to those with levels of 50 to < 75 ( p=0.034 and p=0.04, respectively). Among participants without PAD, lower vitamin D was associated with a faster decline in the fast 4-meter walking velocity ( p trend=0.003). There were no significant associations of baseline vitamin D levels with all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality in PAD or non-PAD participants. In conclusion, among individuals with and without PAD, low vitamin D status was associated with a faster decline in some measures of functional performance but was not related to mortality.
How accurate are metaperceptions of sexism? Evidence for the illusion of antagonism between hostile and benevolent sexism
Authors: Rudman Laurie A. , Fetterolf Janell C.
Published: January 2014

In the first examination of the accuracy of metaperceptions of sexism among White, Asian, and Black women and men ( N = 308), results showed that regardless of ethnicity, both genders were similarly inaccurate, but in opposing ways. Women overestimated men’s hostile sexism (HS) and underestimated men’s benevolent sexism (BS), whereas men overestimated women’s BS and underestimated women’s HS. Further, metaperceptions of HS were negatively related to metaperceptions of BS, for both genders. Individual differences in sexism informed metaperceptions only for men (not women). In concert, the findings support an illusion of antagonism between HS and BS. Viewing HS and BS as oppositional is an illusion because, cross-culturally, they are positively correlated in men and women alike (e.g., Glick et al., 2000), and both forms of sexism reinforce the gender hierarchy (Rudman & Glick, 2008). Therefore, disarming the illusion of antagonism is an overlooked key to advancing gender equality.
Opposition to equality and support for tradition as mediators of the relationship between epistemic motivation and system-justifying identifications
Authors: Federico Christopher M. , Ergun Damla , Hunt Corrie
Published: January 2014

Individuals with a high need for cognitive closure, or a preference for knowledge that is certain and clear, tend to adopt conservative system-justifying ideologies. Nevertheless, few studies have examined the intervening orientations responsible for this relationship. While conservatism is anchored in values that both support tradition and oppose equality, we suggest that the need for closure is linked primarily with the former. In three studies, we found (a) that the need for closure is more strongly related to support for tradition than opposition to equality, and (b) that the indirect effect of the need for closure on conservatism is stronger via the former than the latter. By clarifying the links between the need for closure and multiple antecedents of ideology, these findings provide new insight into the psychological foundations of political belief by suggesting that the need for closure is not equally relevant to all aspects of system justification.
Exploratory study of the indoor and outdoor relationships and chemical compositions of particulate matter in urban households in Colombo
Authors: Ranasinghe R.S.A. , Sugathapala A.G.T. , Lee S.C. , Hung W.T. , Ho K.F. , Chan C.S. , Huang Y. , Cheng Y.
Published: January 2014

Air pollution associated with emissions of fine particulates (PM10 and PM2.5) is becoming acute, especially in the urban environments of Sri Lanka during the last decade. Recent air quality data obtained from the monitoring stations located in Colombo Fort revealed that the average annual ambient PM10 concentrations in Colombo ranged between 72 and 82 µg/m3, exceeding the national ambient air quality PM10 standard of 50 µg/m3 and WHO air quality guideline of 20 µg/m3. This paper presents the chemical compositions of indoor and outdoor PM10 at selected locations in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Twelve-hour indoor/outdoor PM10 were collected simultaneously from six naturally ventilated roadside households from 13 March to 27 April 2010. Chemical compositions were obtained by using thermal optical reflectance method for carbonaceous compounds and ion chromatography method for water-soluble ions. The results show that indoor micro-environments were significantly affected by the infiltration of outdoor air in Sri Lanka, revealing that outdoor emission sources have significant effects on the indoor air quality. This study provides valuable information on chemical profile of particulates in Colombo which will definitely contribute to the formulation of environmental policy, especially on air pollution control in the future.
Kinetic analysis for the determination of cure-dependent mechanical properties of adhesives
Authors: Schiel M , Dilger K
Published: January 2014

This work presents a methodology for correlating the mechanical properties determined by rheological measurements with the degree of cure that has been measured in differential scanning calorimetry. Therefore, a model-based as well as a model-free kinetic approach is used to calculate the degree of cure depending on the temperature profile the sample is submitted to during the rheological measurements. Afterwards the rheological data is related to this degree of cure. The combination of these different techniques of thermal analysis show good correlation and offer a deeper understanding of the development of the mechanical properties during cure.
Fondling on the kitchen table – Artefacts, sexualities and performative metaphors from the 15th to the 17th centuries
Authors: Immonen Visa
Published: January 2014

The term ‘sexual metaphor’ consists of two elements: sexuality and metaphor. Both individually and together provide a perspective on material culture, and particularly on the current discussions on the relations between humans, things and materiality. Using such relatively common objects as cock taps, bollock daggers and redware pipkins as examples, the article examines sexual metaphors in material culture from the 15th to the 17th centuries. Sexual metaphors – such as touching a barrel tap, or thrusting a bollock dagger – did not have hidden meanings. Instead, as situations they express the entanglement of two domains of practice, connecting everyday objects and repetitive practices with conceptions of sexuality and, for example, humoral theories about the human body.
The politics of spatial renovation: Reconfiguring ritual places and practice in Iron Age and Early Historic South India
Authors: Johansen Peter G.
Published: January 2014

In South India, during the Iron Age and Early Historic Period, the space and meaning of certain ritual places were occupied and renovated by particular social groups in order to strategically meditate transitional logics of value and power. In northern Karnataka, during the Iron Age (1200–300 BC), megalithic monuments were built on earlier Neolithic ritual places (ashmounds), or materials from these places were removed and incorporated into megaliths constructed nearby, appropriating their space, material, and meaning, contributing to the construction of developing social distinctions. In the lower Krishna River Valley, during the Early Historic Period (300 BC–AD 300), Buddhist monastic communities constructed architectural complexes on, or proximal to, extant megalithic mortuary complexes, appropriating the space and meaning of these important ritual places. This paper explores how these strategic appropriations of socially significant places inscribed the landscape with novel forms of politically salient ritual architecture reordering the experience and perception of socio-ritual practice and place.
Implementation Cost Analysis of a Community-Based Exercise Program for Seniors in South Florida
Authors: Page Timothy F. , Batra Anamica , Ghouse Muddasir M. , Palmer Richard C.
Published: January 2014

The objective of the study was to measure the costs of implementing the EnhanceFitness program to elderly residents of South Florida. The Health Foundation of South Florida’s Healthy Aging Regional Collaborative implemented EnhanceFitness as part of their initiative to make evidence-based healthy aging programs available to South Florida seniors. Cost data were collected from agencies participating in the delivery of EnhanceFitness classes in South Florida. Cost questionnaires were e-mailed to program coordinators from agencies participating in the delivery of EnhanceFitness classes. Program coordinators worked with accounting staff to complete the questionnaires. Questionnaires were returned via e-mail. Costs were presented from the perspective of participating agencies. Total costs were divided by the number of classes being offered by each agency to determine cost per class per month. Average monthly costs per class were $1,713 during the first year of implementation and $873 during the second year of implementation. The cost measurements, combined with information from the literature on cost savings attributable to EnhanceFitness participation, suggest that EnhanceFitness has the potential to generate a net societal cost savings among program participants. The results are useful for community agencies considering implementing EnhanceFitness for their populations.
Can the Inpatient Hospital Setting Be a Golden Opportunity to Improve Colon Cancer Screening Rates in the United States?
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Via Christina , Shahrokni Armin , Ramdass Prakash , Raoof Ali , Sunkara Sujana , Petraro Paul
Published: January 2014

Background. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States. Despite efforts to increase colorectal cancer screening, the rate of compliance with the recommended screening remains relatively suboptimal according the American Cancer Society (53%). Purpose. To assess whether the time of hospitalization is a suitable opportunity for patients to receive counseling and for recruiting patients to undergo screening colonoscopy for colon cancer. Method. In 2009, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of hospitalized adults age 50 to 80 years in order to assess their responses on a modified version of the Health Information National Trends Survey. We conducted χ2 analyses on these data to examine the differences in patients’ knowledge of colorectal cancer screening and prior adherence to screening guidelines and to assess whether they would be willing to undergo a screening in the near future if prompted by their physicians. Results. We enrolled a total of 332 participants to complete the study questionnaire. About 94% of the subjects had heard about colon cancer, and 83.4% had heard of any screening tests to detect colorectal cancer. About 66% of subjects reported the colonoscopy to be the most effective screening test for colon cancer. Approximately 55% of the total sample group adhered to recommended screening guidelines for colon cancer using the colonoscopy. Conclusions. The time of hospitalization is a potential “golden opportunity” to counsel patients and promote colon cancer screening.
The Lifespan of a Tax Break
Authors: Haselswerdt Jake
Published: January 2014

Scholars have recently begun to recognize the importance of policy durability to the overall shape of public policy. Existing work on policy durability focuses on the political environment rather than elements of policy design, such as the delivery of benefits as a tax break instead of a direct outlay. I argue that the unique characteristics of tax breaks, including the relatively narrow reach of these policies, make them vulnerable to elimination. Using a newly expanded data set, I test this claim by examining the longevity of all federal tax and non-tax programs created between 1974 and 2003, and find that tax expenditures are more vulnerable to elimination than non-tax programs. Further analysis provides more support for my arguments, as narrowly targeted tax expenditures prove more vulnerable than those benefiting the public. This project makes an original contribution to the literatures on policy durability, indirect governance, tax policy, and policy feedback.
Absence of the right common carotid artery: Doppler ultrasonographic and MR angiographic findings
Authors: Ulger Fatma Esra Bahadır , Ulger Aykut , Colak Mustafa
Published: January 2014

We present a case of common carotid artery agenesis which is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. Less than 35 cases have been reported. These anomalies are typically asymptomatic and usually discovered as an incidental finding. Color Doppler ultrasonography is an effective and sensitive method for detecting absence of common carotid artery. But it is insufficient to identify the anomaly as a whole. Magnetic resonance angiography is a complementary technique to describe the origin of the external carotid artery and internal carotid artery.
Modeling and analysis of failure propagation of mechanical system with multi-operation states using high-level Petri net
Authors: Wu Jianing , Yan Shaoze , Gao RX
Published: January 2014

Modeling and analyzing the behavior of mechanical systems is a promising solution to achieve higher stability, reliability, availability and operability. The accurate description of the complex working principle in the mechanical system, especially the stepwise operation, is one of the crucial issues in developing a model for monitoring the state of mechanical system. This article introduces a practical method for system behavior modeling and failure analysis of the mechanism with principles of multi-operation, using high-level Petri net as the modeling language. The importance of faults and failure propagation mechanism is investigated by the state vector and the mutation vector. Case study of the proposed method contributes to validating the effectiveness of the method and provides clues for identifying weak links and evaluating reliability of the solar array system.
Factors determining insulin requirements in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus during pregnancy: a review
Authors: Achong Naomi , McIntyre Harold David , Callaway Leonie
Published: January 2014

Most women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have increased insulin requirements during pregnancy. However, a minority of women have a fall in insulin requirements. When this occurs in late gestation, it often provokes concern regarding possible compromise of the feto-placental unit. In some centres, this is considered as an indication for delivery, including premature delivery. There are, however, many other factors that affect insulin requirements in pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and the decline in insulin requirements may represent a variant of normal pregnancy. If there is no underlying pathological process, expedited delivery in these women is not warranted and confers increased risks to the newborn. We will explore the factors affecting insulin requirements in gestation in this review. We will also discuss some novel concepts regarding beta-cell function in pregnancy.
Antioxidants and tumor necrosis factor alpha-inhibiting activity of sesame oil against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Saleem Mohamed T. S. , Chetty Madhusudhana C. , Kavimani S.
Published: January 2014

Objective:

Oxidative stress is currently considered to be the key factor in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Comparatively small quantity of the endogenous antioxidant content of the heart is assumed to be the predisposing factor for doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The present research was designed to evaluate the antioxidant potential and tumor necrosis factor alpha-(TNF-α) inhibiting activity of sesame oil against acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

Methods:

Male Wistar albino rats (180–200 g) were administered sesame oil in two dissimilar doses (5 and 10 ml/kg body weight, orally) for 30 days, followed by a single dose of doxorubicin (30 mg/kg s.c.).

Results:

In the doxorubicin-treated group, increased oxidative stress was proven by a significant rise of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level and a decrease of myocardial superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione content. Histopathological studies showed myocardial necrosis with accumulation of inflammatory cells, vacuolization and overall enlargement of the myocardium. Western blot analysis showed marked expression of TNF-α in the myocardium. Alteration in biochemical parameters by doxorubicin administration was prevented significantly ( p < 0.0001) in the 5 and 10 ml/kg sesame oil treated rat hearts. Treatment with 5 and 10 ml/kg of sesame oil reduced the doxorubicin-induced TNF-α expression in the myocardium, which was associated with reduced myocyte injury. The overall effect of sesame oil was comparable with probucol, which shows similar protection.

Conclusion:

The chronic oral administration of sesame oil prevents acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing cardiac endogenous antioxidants and decreasing myocardial TNF-α expression.
The key features of percutaneous coronary intervention with chronic total obstruction lesion of right coronary artery
Authors: Lv Anlin , Tao Ling , Cao Feng , Li Yan , Guo Wenyi , Wang Haichang
Published: January 2014

We summarize recent research on percutaneous coronary intervention of chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery. We then explain the method and technology of forward and backward revascularization in chronic total occlusion of the right coronary artery. Finally, we emphasize the monitoring methods and key treating measures for better prognosis of the patients.
Using transactional analysis in the consultation
Authors: Jones Daniel , Chawathey Kunal
Published: January 2014

Transactional analysis (TA) is a model of psychotherapy developed by psychiatrist Eric Berne. Incorporation of TA into clinical practice can improve doctor–patient relationships, enhance outcomes and avert communication breakdowns. This paper aims to elucidate the concept of TA and its implementation in clinical practice.
Asbestos-related disease
Authors: Mendis Surangi
Published: January 2014

Asbestos exposure used to be commonplace among manual workers in the UK. Although its import and use has been banned since the 1980s, the long latent period between exposure and onset of symptoms, means that the incidence of asbestos-related diseases has not yet peaked. The number of deaths attributable to asbestos exposure is expected to continue to rise for at least the next 5–10 years. For these reasons, knowledge of the various asbestos-related diseases is required by GPs. This article aims to describe the presenting features of these diseases and provides an outline of how they are usually managed in secondary care.