bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Self‐Assembly of Trichlorobenzoic Acid Enabling Organic Photovoltaics with Approaching 19% Efficiency
Authors: He Wei , Li Hongxiang , Ma Ruijie , Yan Xue , Yu Hailin , Hu Yingyue , Hu Dingqin , Qin Jiaqiang , Cui Ningbo , Wang Jiayu , Lu Shirong , Yan Cenqi , Li Gang , Cheng Pei
Published: December 2023

Future industrialization of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) requires OPVs’ processing to be more energy‐efficient and streamlined. Currently, only MoO3 and PEDOT:PSS are commonly used as the anode interface layer (AIL). The processing of MoO3 typically involves vacuum thermal evaporation with stringent thickness requirements. PEDOT:PSS necessitates separate processing and thermal annealing at temperatures exceeding 100 °C to eliminate moisture. This work utilized 3,4,5‐trichlorobenzoic acid (3CBA) as the AIL material. The distinct advantage of 3CBA over PEDOT:PSS and MoO3 is the in situ self‐assembly of 3CBA eliminates the need for separate solution processing, thermal evaporation, or thermal annealing. Remarkably, OPV devices incorporating PM6, BTP‐eC9, and the 3CBA AIL exhibited a superior efficiency of 18.2% compared to those with PEDOT:PSS (17.7%). By using nonhalogenated solvent, o‐xylene, to meet industrialization requirements, the devices achieved an exceptional efficiency of 18.8%, the highest reported value among devices with in situ self‐assembled interface layers. Furthermore, semi‐transparent devices with 3CBA displayed higher PCE and AVT values (13.1% and 25.7%) than their PEDOT: PSS counterparts, due to the weak absorption of the 3CBA AIL. This work contributes significantly to the high‐throughput production of OPVs by streamlining the AIL processing.
Hot‐Pressing Metal Covalent Organic Frameworks as Personal Protection Films
Authors: Wang Jiajia , Li Li , Xu Chuanshan , Jiang Hong , Xie Qin‐Xie , Yang Xin‐Yi , Li Ji‐Cheng , Xu Huiying , Chen Yifa , Yi Wei , Hong Xu‐Jia , Lan Ya‐Qian
Published: December 2023

Effective personal protection is crucial for controlling infectious disease spread. However, commonly used personal protective materials such as disposable masks lack antibacterial/antiviral function and may lead to cross infection. Herein, a polyethylene glycol‐assisted solvent‐free strategy is proposed to rapidly synthesize a series of the donor–acceptor metal‐covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) (i.e., GZHMU‐2, JNM‐1, and JNM‐2) under air atmosphere and henceforth extend it via in situ hot‐pressing process to prepare MCOFs based films with photocatalytic disinfect ability. Best of them, the newly designed GZHMU‐2 has a wide absorption spectrum (200 to 1500 nm) and can efficiently produce reactive oxygen species under sunlight irradiation, achieving excellent photocatalytic disinfection performance. After in situ hot‐pressing as a film material, the obtained GZHMU‐2/NMF can effectively kill E. coli (99.99%), S. aureus (99%), and H1N1 (92.5%), meanwhile possessing good reusability. Noteworthy, the long‐term use of a GZHMU‐2/NWF‐based mask has verified no damage to the living body by measuring the expression of mouse blood routine, lung tissue, and inflammatory factors at the in‐vivo level.
Metal‐Doped MAPbBr3 Single Crystal p‐n Junction Photodiode for Self‐Powered Photodetection
Authors: Anilkumar Vishnu , Mahapatra Apurba , Nawrocki Jan , Chavan Rohit D. , Yadav Pankaj , Prochowicz Daniel
Published: December 2023

Lead halide perovskites have emerged as the next‐generation materials for self‐powered photodetectors enabling operation without an external power source. In this study, a planar‐type photodetector based on metal‐doped p‐type MAPbBr3/n‐type MAPbBr3 single crystal showing excellent self‐powered photodetection properties is presented. The p‐n junction on the MAPbBr3 single crystal is formed by controlled epitaxial growth of Ag+‐doped MAPbBr3 SC (p‐type) on the facet of Sb3+‐doped MAPbBr3 SC (n‐type). The as‐integrated p‐n junction device with asymmetric electrodes shows a typical photovoltaic behavior with a high open circuit voltage of 0.95 V and great sensitivity to 530 nm illumination at zero bias with a responsivity of up to 0.41 A W−1 and a specific detectivity of 6.39 × 1011 Jones, which are among the highest values reported for MAPbBr3 single crystal‐based self‐powered photodetectors. In addition, the rise time and fall time of this device are as fast as 14 and 10 ms, respectively. These results pave the way for the fabrication of self‐powered perovskite‐based p‐n junction photodiode, which may find potential application in advanced photodiode and future optoelectronic devices.
Et2Zn‐Mediated Gem‐Dicarboxylation of Cyclopropanols with CO2
Authors: Liu Hongjian , Shi Lei , Tan Xiaobin , Kang Bangxiong , Luo Gen , Jiang Huanfeng , Qi Chaorong
Published: December 2023

An unprecedented Et2Zn‐mediated gem‐dicarboxylation of C─C/C─H single bond of cyclopropanols with CO2 is disclosed, which provides a straightforward and efficient methodology for the synthesis of a variety of structurally diverse and useful malonic acids in moderate to excellent yields. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, excellent functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, and facile derivatization of the products. DFT calculations confirm that the transition‐metal‐free transformation proceeds through a novel ring‐opening/α‐functionalization/ring‐closing/ring‐opening/β‐functionalization (ROFCOF) process, and 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) plays dual important roles in the transformation.
Inverted‐Structural Self‐Powered Gan/PZT/ITO UV Photodetector Enhanced by Ferroelectric Modulation
Authors: Chen Zhengbang , Lin Xianqi , Lin Shuixiu , Ren Jinlong , Wan Lingyu , Peng Biaolin
Published: December 2023

Ferroelectric materials with remnant polarization can effectively modulate the built‐in electric field of semiconductor devices and hold great promise for the development of high‐performance self‐powered optoelectronic devices. However, the low depolarization and low separation efficiency of photo‐generated carriers limit the performance of existing ferroelectric/semiconductor‐based self‐powered photodetectors. In this study, a n‐GaN/Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT)/ITO self‐powered ultraviolet (UV) photodetector with an inverted structure and GaN as the optical absorption material is fabricated. By coupling the strong depolarization field (Edp) of PZT with the enhanced built‐in electric field (EPZT/GaN) of GaN/PZT heterojunction, this device exhibits outstanding performances with an ultra‐high light‐to‐dark current (Ilight/Idark) ratio of 3.07 × 107, a high responsivity of 176 mA W−1, a high detectivity of 2.36 × 1013 Jones, and a fast response time of 0.52/0.58 ms. Its comprehensive detection performance surpasses most reported advanced ferroelectric/semiconductor‐based UV photodetectors. The proposed strategy provides a simple and feasible approach for the design of high‐performance GaN‐based self‐powered UV photodetectors.
Dual Role of Rapid Transport and Efficient Passivation in Inverted Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells Utilizing a Self‐Assembled Porous Insulating Layer
Authors: Liu Jian , Chen Jiujiang , Xu Peng , Xie Lisha , Yang Shuncheng , Meng Yuanyuan , Li Minghui , Xiao Chuanxiao , Yang Mengjin , Ge Ziyi
Published: December 2023

In recent years, the surface modification of perovskite by wide band‐gap insulating materials has been one of the main strategies to achieve efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Unfortunately, a significant hurdle in this approach is the dilemma surrounding the quality of passivation and the transport of charges. Here, this trade‐off is overcome by introducing self‐assembled diphenylphosphinic acid (DPPA) porous layer. Applying highly concentrated DPPA solution on the perovskite surface not only provides excellent passivation of entire surface, but also the excess DPPA will form a self‐assembled porous insulating layer (PIL), which forms random submicron‐sized openings at the interface of the insulating layer for accelerated charge transport. In addition, the energy level of the perovskite surface can be modulated by this insulating material to facilitate carrier transport. As a result, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) over 24% has been achieved in methylammonium‐free p‐i‐n devices with an ultrahigh fill factor (FF) of 84.7%. The unencapsulated devices exhibit excellent thermal and operational stability. This work paves a way for establishment of an effective passivation and facilitated transport simultaneously.
Sex‐based tuberculosis mortality in Newfoundland, 1900–1949: Implications for populations in transition
Authors: van Doren Taylor P.
Published: December 2023

Objective

During the second epidemiological transition, tuberculosis (TB) is one disease that declined substantially enough to reduce all‐cause mortality. Sex‐based differences in TB mortality may reveal an important dimension of population health transitions between the urbanizing and rural regions of Newfoundland.

Materials and Methods

For the island of Newfoundland, yearly age‐standardized sex‐based TB mortality rates were calculated using individual death records from 1900 to 1949 (n = 30 393). Multiple linear regression models predict the relative rates (RR) of sex‐based mortality and the absolute difference between males and females while controlling for time and region (the urbanizing Avalon Peninsula or rural Newfoundland). Multiple linear regression models also predict the median age at death from TB while controlling for time, region, and sex to assess if TB was shifting to an older adult disease compared to those typically afflicted in ages 20–44.

Results

Female TB mortality was relatively and absolutely higher than males; additionally, RR and absolute differences between male and female mortality were significantly lower in rural Newfoundland than the Avalon Peninsula. Median age at death for males was significantly higher than females, and differences in median age at death increased over time.

Discussion

The historically high prevalence of TB throughout Newfoundland, including domestic, social, and public health responsibilities of women, likely contributed to increased exposure and transmission, leading to higher observed mortality. Sex‐based TB outcomes should be considered in the discussion of the progression of the epidemiological transition as dynamic inequalities that do not necessarily fit contemporary generalizations of sex‐based TB epidemiology.
A Metal‐Free Helical Covalent Inorganic Polymer: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Optical Properties
Authors: Xue Miaomiao , Zhang Lei , Wang Xiang , Dong Qiang , Zhu Zengkui , Wang Xin , Gu Qianfeng , Kang Fangyuan , Li Xin‐Xiong , Zhang Qichun
Published: December 2023

Helical morphologies are widely observed in nature, however, it is very challenging to prepare artificial helical polymers. Especially, precisely understanding the structure information of artificial metal‐free helical covalent inorganic polymers via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) analysis is rarely explored. Here, we successfully prepare a novel metal‐free helical covalent inorganic polymer ({[Te(C6H5)2] [PO3(OH)]}n, named CityU‐10) by introducing angular anions (HOPO32−) into traditional tellurium‐oxygen chains. The dynamic reversibility of the reaction is realized through the introduction of organic tellurium precursor and the slow hydrolysis of polyphosphoric acid. High‐quality and large‐size single crystals of CityU‐10 have been successfully characterized via SCXRD, where the same‐handed helical inorganic polymer chains form a pseudo‐two‐dimensional layer via multiple hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The left‐handed layers and right‐handed layers alternatively stack together through weak hydrogen bonds to form a three‐dimensional supramolecular structure. The single crystals of CityU‐10 are found to display promising optical properties with a large birefringence. Our results would offer new guidelines for designing and preparing new crystalline covalent polymers through tellurium‐based chemistry.
Dynamic Ultra‐long Room Temperature Phosphorescence Enabled by Amorphous Molecular “Triplet Exciton Pump” for Encryption with Temporospatial Resolution
Authors: Deng Huangjun , Li Gaoyu , Xie Haozhi , Yang Zhan , Mao Zhu , Zhao Juan , Yang Zhiyong , Zhang Yi , Chi Zhenguo
Published: December 2023

Organic ultra‐long room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials in the amorphous state have attracted widespread attention due to their simple preparation and flexibility to adopt various forms in sensors, bioimaging, and encryption applications. However, the amorphous molecular host for the host–guest RTP systems is highly demanded but limited. Here, a universal molecular host (DPOBP−Br) has been designed by integration of an amorphous moiety of diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) and an intersystem crossing (ISC) group of 4‐bromo‐benzophenone (BP−Br). Various commercial fluorescence dyes were doped into the tight and transparent DPOBP−Br film, respectively, resulting in amorphous host–guest systems with ultra‐long RTP colors from green to red. It was found that DPOBP−Br acted as a universal “triplet exciton pump” for promoting the generation of triplet excitons in the guest, through energy transfer processes and external heavy‐atom effect based on DPOBP−Br. Interestingly, dynamic RTP was achieved by controlling residual oxygen concentration in the amorphous matrix by UV irradiation. Therefore, multi‐dimensional anti‐counterfeiting coatings were realized even on curved surfaces, simultaneously exhibiting spatial and 2D‐time dependence. This work provides a strategy to design new amorphous molecular hosts for RTP systems and demonstrates the advanced information encryption with tempo‐spatial resolution based on the dynamic ultra‐long RTP of an amorphous system.
In conversation: transgenerational attachment trauma, the infant, and the family therapist
Authors: McIntosh Jennifer , Newman Louise , George Carol
Published: December 2023

This paper shares a far‐ranging set of conversations between professors Jennifer McIntosh, Louise Newman, and Carol George, all child and family practitioners, and infant mental health (IMH) and attachment specialists. They explore the domain of infant–family work with high‐risk populations experiencing complex relational and intergenerational trauma. George and McIntosh discuss the intersection between family therapy and IMH from an attachment perspective. They explore what family therapy can offer to supporting coherence in caregiving states of mind, beyond the offerings of traditional dyadic mother–baby models of intervention. They highlight the infant's contribution to family work, and the application of attachment theory in a family therapy context. Newman and McIntosh discuss a sensitive and graded approach to high‐risk family work with an infant. Newman reflects on when and whom to invite to a family session and the power of enabling the family to speak the unspeakable in the presence of the baby, supporting a future focused path for trauma integration and recovery. For family therapists who may be new to IMH work, there are some important offerings about integrating these fields, bringing into play the family therapist's deep grasp of curiosity, circularity, and capacity to reconceptualise with an IMH perspective on early relational trauma.
Comparative aspects on the epoxidation of soybean oil and high oleic soybean oil
Authors: de Quadros Jacyr Vianna , Ferreira Luiz Felipe Silva , Olivieri Gustavo Vieira , Karis Dylan , Giudici Reinaldo
Published: December 2023

Soybean oil (SO) epoxidation is an extensively studied method to generate a sustainable plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Standard soybean oil is composed of triglycerides whose fatty acids are primarily unsaturated linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids. High oleic soybean oil (HOSO) is collected from a soybean variety higher in oleic acid than other acids. The present study focused on a preliminary comparison of the epoxidation reaction behavior between SO and HOSO, conducted isoperibolically and without catalysts. The experimental data were modeled by a kinetic model. Considerable differences in the temperature and oxirane index profiles suggest that the epoxidation of HOSO tends to be faster and with a more intense heat release rate than the epoxidation of SO, which was confirmed by the results of estimated kinetic constants. The data collected and shared herein suggest that a first epoxy group generated may cause steric hindrance to slow the epoxidation in the second and third double bonds of the oil.
Rare earth element stripping from kaolin sands via mild acid treatment
Authors: Koch Max , Paper Michael , Brück Thomas B. , Nilges Tom
Published: December 2023

Due to their chemical and physical properties, rare earth elements (REEs) are essential in modern applications such as energy conversion or IT technology. The increasing demand for these elements leads to strong incentives for REE recovery and induces the exploration of new, alternative sources for REEs. Accessing REEs from clay minerals, in our case kaolinite, by an elution process is a promising method. The present study investigates the potential application of REE recovery through elution with different mineral acids (HNO3, H2SO4, and HCl) in a microwave process. The material used in this study—residues from an industrial kaolin production process—contained 2.47 g/kg REEs which is a significant amount for REE recovery. The ability of various mineral acids to solubilize metals was studied to assess the REE content of this residual resource. Around 1.87 g/kg of REEs was eluted from industrial kaolinite residues in hydrochloric acid, 1.71 g/kg in sulfuric acid, and 1.13 g/kg in nitric acid.
Stability assessment of a commercial polypropylene copolymer and Irgafos 168 under repeated injection molding and γ‐irradiation cycles
Authors: Zerhusen Nele , Herrmann Susanna , Susoff Markus Lothar , Petersen Svea
Published: December 2023

Despite the increasing importance of recycling, the medical sector is hardy engaged at this time due to regulatory issues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of γ‐radiation sterilization (48–52 kGy) on the repetitive injection molding of a polypropylene copolymer for medical applications. For this purpose, the material was analyzed after injection molding and irradiation. To evaluate the irradiation and reprocessing influence, optical, rheological, and mechanical properties were investigated in addition to chromatography. The latter comprised the quantitative determination of Irgafos 168 and the qualitative comparison of volatile degradation products formed, including the radiolysis product 1,3‐di‐tert‐butylbenzene. The influence of irradiation on the content of Irgafos 168, volatile organic compounds, and 1,3‐di‐tert‐butylbenzene was greatest after the first irradiation, with a decrease of Irgafos 168 content by 40%. The yellowness index and melting enthalpy were influenced by irradiation and processing, but showed no direct relationship to the individual process steps. The zero viscosity correlated directly with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry results and decreased by 80% after the first irradiation. In addition, the elongation at break was reduced by 95% after the second irradiation. The influence of irradiation on the studied characteristics was high, whereas the influence of repetitive processing did not show any measurable differences
Human dissection for anesthesiology resident training augments anatomical knowledge and clinical skills
Authors: Maffucci Patrick , Park Chang H. , Shirur Mo , Hyers Benjamin , Levine Adam I. , Katz Daniel , Burnett Garrett W. , Laitman Jeffrey T.
Published: December 2023

Anatomy is an essential component of clinical anesthesiology. The use of simulated patients and alternative materials, including embalmed human bodies, have become increasingly common during resident physician training due to the deemphasis on anatomical education during undergraduate medical training. In this report, the need for a more extensive review of relevant anatomy for the practice of anesthesiology was addressed by the design, evaluation, and dissemination of a human dissection course for procedural training of anesthesiology residents. The course utilized “freedom art” embalmed human bodies that allowed trainees to perform ultrasound‐based regional and neuraxial techniques followed by detailed dissections of critical anatomy. One hundred and four residents participated in workshops and small group discussions and were evaluated using pre‐ and post‐course assessments. A variety of clinical techniques were performed on the bodies, including regional blocks and neuraxial catheter placement. Insertion of peripheral/neuraxial catheters was successful, with dissections demonstrating the expected placement. Assessment scores improved following the course (pre‐course mean 52.7%, standard deviation (σ) 13.1%; post‐course mean 72.2%, σ 11.6%; t‐test p < 0.0001) and feedback highlighted the usefulness and clinical relevance of course content. The ability to correlate ultrasound imaging with subsequent dissections of the “blocked” area and visualization of dye staining was extremely relevant for spatial understanding of the anatomy relevant for the clinical practice of these techniques. This manuscript demonstrates successful implementation of a comprehensive course for anesthesiology resident physicians to address gaps in undergraduate anatomical education and suggests that broader adoption of dissection courses may be beneficial for training anesthesiologists.
Das γ‐Verfahren zur Berechnung nachgiebig verbundener Biegeträger: allgemeine Methode
Authors: Zhu Jianzhong
Published: December 2023

Von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Berechnung nachgiebig verbundener Biegeträger ist das sog. γ‐Verfahren. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen und die exakten Lösungen für das γ‐Verfahren ausgearbeitet. Das in der deutschen und europäischen Holzbau‐Normung zur Berechnung nachgiebig verbundener Biegeträger mit maximal drei Einzelquerschnitten verankerte Verfahren wird auf Biegeträger mit beliebig vielen Einzelquerschnitten erweitert.
Ökobilanzierung im Bauwesen
Authors: Hauke Bernhard , Hein Helen Luisa
Published: December 2023

Seit mindestens 15 Jahren gibt es in Deutschland praktische Erfahrungen mit der Ökobilanzierung im Bauwesen, zuerst im Kontext von Nachhaltigkeitszertifizierungen, inzwischen zunehmend auch als Wettbewerbs‐ und Fördergrundlage. Nur was messbar ist, kann auch gemanagt werden: Mit der Ökobilanzierung werden die im Lebenszyklus auftretenden Energie‐ und Stoffströme sowie unerwünschte Wirkungen auf die Umwelt erfasst. Ziele sind u. a. die Schonung primärer Rohstoffe sowie der Schutz des Ökosystems und des Klimas. Aktuell nimmt das Interesse an der Ökobilanzierung zu. Im Fokus steht dabei insbesondere das Treibhauspotenzial. So ist eine Ökobilanz Grundlage für den Nachweis der Begrenzung der nicht erneuerbaren Primärenergie und des Treibhauspotenzials für das Qualitätssiegel Nachhaltiges Gebäude (QNG) als Fördervoraussetzung. Die Einführung von Grenzwerten ins Ordnungsrecht wird diskutiert.
Fertigteilüberbauten für Brücken aus Hochfestem Beton – schneller, schlanker und nachhaltiger
Authors: Haveresch Karlheinz , Maurer Reinhard , Breitenbücher Rolf
Published: December 2023

Für mehr Tempo bei der dringenden Brückenmodernisierung im deutschen Straßen‐ und Schienennetz ist es erforderlich, auch die Bautechnik für Brücken zu modernisieren. Die neuen Brücken sollen möglichst schnell gebaut werden können und schön, nachhaltig und robust sein. Es zeigt sich, dass Fertigteilbauweisen für dieses Anforderungsprofil besonders vorteilhaft sein können. Die Chancen, die diese Bauweise bietet, sollen daher zukünftig verstärkt genutzt werden. Als besonders leistungsfähige Innovation erweist sich die neue Option, Fertigteile mit Hochfestem Beton einzusetzen. Damit kann der Anwendungsbereich für Brückenüberbauten aus Betonfertigteilen erheblich ausgeweitet und den Anforderungen der Brückenmodernisierung angepasst werden. Die vorliegenden Langzeiterfahrungen mit Brücken aus Hochfestem Beton lassen außerdem eine hervorragende Dauerhaftigkeit und Nachhaltigkeit dieser Tragwerke erwarten.
Integration of lipidomics and metabolomics reveals plasma and urinary profiles associated with pediatric Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections and its severity
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Jia‐bin , Du Li‐na , Yuan Hai‐xia , Shan Jin‐jun , Wang Shou‐chuan , Ye Jin , Lin Li‐li
Published: December 2023

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a significant contributor to lower respiratory infections in children. However, the lipidomics and metabolics bases of childhood M. pneumoniae infections remain unclear. In this study, lipidomics and metabolomics analyses were conducted using UHPLC‐LTQ‐Orbitrap XL mass spectrometry and gas chromatography‐triple quadrupole mass spectrometry on plasma (n = 65) and urine (n = 65) samples. MS‐DIAL software, in combination with LipidBlast and Fiehn BinBase DB, identified 163 lipids and 104 metabolites in plasma samples, as well as 208 metabolites in urine samples. Perturbed lipid species (adjusted p < 0.05) were observed, including lysophosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanol amines, and triglycerides. Additionally, differential metabolites (adjusted p < 0.05) exhibited associations with amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and energy metabolism. Thirteen plasma metabolites, namely l‐hydroxyproline, 3‐phosphoglycerate, citric acid, creatine, inosine, ribitol, α tocopherol, cholesterol, cystine, serine, uric acid, tagatose, and glycine, showed significant associations with disease severity (p < 0.05) and exhibited distinct separation patterns in M. pneumoniae–infected bronchitis and pneumonia, with an area under the curve of 0.927. Nine of them exhibited either positive or negative correlations with neutrophil or lymphocyte percentages. These findings indicated significant systemic metabolic shifts in childhood M. pneumoniae infections, offering valuable insights into the associated metabolic alterations and their relationship with disease severity.
Hospital‐ and county‐level characteristics explain geographic variability in prices of cancer‐related procedures: Implications for policy and interventions
Authors: Moss Jennifer L. , Ledford Savanna G. , Bernacchi Veronica , Shen Chan
Published: December 2023

Background

Healthcare costs in the U.S. are high and variable, which can hinder access and impact health outcomes across communities. This study examined hospital‐ and county‐level characteristics to identify factors that explain geographic variation in prices for four cancer‐related procedures.

Methods

Data sources included Turquoise Health, which compiles publicly‐available price data from U.S. hospitals. We examined list prices for four procedures: abdominal ultrasound, diagnostic colonoscopy, brain MRI, and pelvis CT scan, which we linked to characteristics of hospitals (e.g., number of beds) and counties (e.g., metropolitan status). We used multilevel linear regression models to assess multivariable relationships between prices and hospital‐ and county‐level characteristics. Supplementary analyses repeated these models using procedures prices for commercial insurance plans.

Results

For each procedure, list prices varied across counties (intraclass correlation: abdominal ultrasound = 23.2%; colonoscopy = 17.1%; brain MRI = 37.2%; pelvis CT = 50.9%). List prices for each procedure were associated with hospital ownership (all p < 0.001) and percent of population without health insurance (all p < 0.05). For example, list prices for abdominal ultrasound were higher for proprietary versus Government‐owned hospitals (β = 539.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 256.12, 822.08, p < 0.001) and for hospitals in counties with more uninsured residents (β = 23.44, 95% CI: 2.55, 44.33, p = 0.03). Commercial insurance prices were negatively associated with metropolitan status.

Conclusions

Prices for cancer‐related healthcare procedures varied substantially, with considerable heterogeneity associated with county location as well as county‐level social determinants of health (e.g., health insurance coverage). Interventions and policy changes are needed to alleviate the financial burden of cancer care among patients, including geographic variation in prices for cancer‐related procedures.
Update on the outcome of M‐protein screening program of multiple myeloma in China: A 7‐year cohort study
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Li Jing , Yang Yang , Chen Feifei , Xu Tianhong , Wang Pu , Wang Yawen , Maihemaiti Aziguli , Ren Liang , Lan Tianwei , Li Panpan , Zhou Chi , Liu Peng
Published: December 2023

Background

To improve the early detection rate of multiple myeloma (MM), the M‐protein screening system has been performed in the hospital population at Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University since 2014, with electrophoretic‐based monoclonal immunoglobulin (M‐protein) screening integrated into the blood biochemistry panel. This study updated 7‐year follow‐up findings of MM patients diagnosed by screening‐driven and symptom‐driven approaches.

Methods

The retrospective study compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients diagnosed through two patterns by reviewing the plasma cell disease database from January 2014 to October 2021. The screening‐driven group included patients diagnosed through the screening system during workups of unrelated medical conditions or routine checkups. In contrast, patients who visited or were referred to the hematological department due to myeloma‐related end‐organ damage were categorized into the symptom‐driven group.

Results

There were 3,110,218 serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) tests performed during 7 years, with 1.95% (60,609) patients yielding positive SPEP results. Of 911 confirmed MM cases (excluding concurrent amyloidosis), 366 were assigned to the screening‐driven group, while 545 were to the symptom‐driven group. Compared to the symptom‐driven group, the screening group had more IgG subtypes, earlier International Stage System stages, fewer disease‐related symptoms, lower ECOG scores, less extramedullary disease, a lower percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, and a lower level of lactate dehydrogenase. Frontline response results of two groups were similar. Patients detected through screening had a significantly improved median progression‐free survival (PFS) than the symptom‐driven group (62.2 vs. 24.9 months, p < 0.001, HR: 2.12, 95% CIs: 1.69–2.65), with median follow‐ups of 32.6 and 27.4 months. Furthermore, the median overall survival (OS) was significantly longer in patients of the screening group (not reached vs. 62.3 months, p < 0.001, HR: 2.49, 95% CIs: 1.81–3.41). After being adjusted for well‐acknowledged myeloma prognostic factors, the screening‐driven diagnostic pattern remained an independent prognostic factor indicating improved PFS and OS in MM patients.

Conclusion

Routine M‐protein screening for MM in the hospital population results in an earlier diagnosis and better patient outcomes.
Recent Studies of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Heterocyclic Analogues as Novel Antidiabetic Agents: A Review
Authors: Gharge S. , Alegaon S. G.
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise, which demands the identification of novel antidiabetic drugs. There is a need for safer and more effective alternatives because the therapy methods now available to manage diabetes have limits. Due to their diverse pharmacological characteristics, heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen and Sulfur atoms have become intriguing candidates in medicinal chemistry. These substances have a wide variety of structures that can be customized to target different pathways associated with diabetes and can affect important biological targets involved in glucose homeostasis. This review provides a thorough summary of the most recent studies on heterocyclic analogues of nitrogen and Sulfur as prospective antidiabetic agents. This review examines the variety of their structural forms, their methods of action, and assesses the results of preclinical and clinical investigations on their effectiveness and safety. Additionally, further optimization and development of innovative antidiabetic medications are highlighted, as well as the difficulties and prospects for the future in utilizing the therapeutic potential of these analogues. This study seeks to stimulate additional investigation and cooperation between researchers and medicinal chemists, promoting improvements in the creation of efficient and secure antidiabetic medicines to fulfill the needs in the management of diabetes.
Successful re‐implantation of eroded penile prostheses: Report of two cases and review of the literature
Authors: Basiri Abbas , Zahir Mazyar
Published: December 2023

Key Clinical Message

Prompt removal of eroded penile prostheses is recommended in most cases. However, saving and reimplanting eroded implants may be considered in patients without signs of sepsis, local infection or necrosis during preoperative evaluations and surgical exploration. Notably, close postoperative surveillance is crucial in this setting.
Chiral NHC Ligands for Enantioselective Gold(I) Catalysis Under Aerobic Conditions: the Importance of Conformational Flexibility and Steric Hindrance of NHC Ligand on Reactivity
Authors: Michalak Michał , Czerwiński Paweł , Śniady‐Maciążek Katarzyna , Musioł Szymon , Danylyuk Oksana , Wierzbicki Michał , Tomasini Michele , Poater Albert
Published: December 2023

Gold(I) catalysis has been recognized as a valuable tool for the unique transformation of multiple carbon‐carbon bonds. Enantioselective π‐catalysis based on gold(I) complexes is, however, still underdeveloped due to lack of privileged ligands. Herein, we present an accessible method to a new family of stable yet catalytically active chiral NHC−Au(I)−Cl complexes. The key to preserving a simultaneous fine balance between reactivity and stability in this newly developed family appears to be sterically hindered, but conformationally flexible NHC ligands. These could be easily accessed on a multigram scale by merging sterically hindered anilines with commercially available amino alcohols and amines via a four‐steps synthetic sequence without the need for chromatographic purification. Further investigations of the catalytic activity of NHC−Au−Cl complexes identified the OH functionality incorporated into the NHC core as crucial for the level of enantioselectivity as well as the TsO− anion responsible for the activation of NHC−Au(I)−Cl. Finally, NMR studies and X‐ray investigations revealed for the first time that the widely accepted ion metathesis (NHC−Au−Cl to NHC−Au−OSO2R) responsible for the activation of NHC−Au−Cl complexes does not take place (or it is very slow) in commonly used MeNO2 in contrast to DCM.
Machine learning techniques for the prediction of polymerization kinetics and polymer properties
Authors: Ishola Niyi B. , McKenna Timothy F. L.
Published: December 2023

In the current study, the ability of two data‐driven machine learning tools, the extreme learning machine (ELM) and the adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), to predict the polymerization rate and melt flow index of linear low‐density polyethylene produced in a gas phase process was investigated. The level of interaction between the input variables (ethylene, 1‐butene, isopentane pressures, and reaction temperature) on the outputs (melt flow index and activity) was also examined. It was found that both outputs are impacted by the presence of isopentane as an induced condensing agent. Various statistical indicators, including the coefficient of correlation (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE), were used to quantitatively evaluate both developed models. The ANFIS model outperformed the developed ELM model in terms of predicting the MFI and the catalyst activity. A sensitivity analysis of the ANFIS and ELM models showed that all the input variables under investigation had a sizable impact on the responses and none of them could have been discarded. The present study showed that machine learning tools could be employed to adequately develop empirical models to predict polymerization kinetics as well as the final polymer properties.
Tolerance to heated egg in egg allergy: Explanations and implications for prevention and treatment
Authors: Leau Audrey , Denery‐Papini Sandra , Bodinier Marie , Dijk Wieneke
Published: December 2023

Hen's egg allergy is the second most frequent food allergy found in children. Allergic symptoms can be caused by raw or heated egg, but a majority of egg‐allergic children can tolerate hard‐boiled or baked egg. Understanding the reasons for the tolerance towards heated egg provides clues about the molecular mechanisms involved in egg allergy, and the differential allergenicity of heated and baked egg might be exploited to prevent or treat egg allergy. In this review, we therefore discuss (i) why some patients are able to tolerate heated egg; by highlighting the structural changes of egg white (EW) proteins upon heating and their impact on immunoreactivity, as well as patient characteristics, and (ii) to what extent heated or baked EW might be useful for primary prevention strategies or oral immunotherapy. We describe that the level of immunoreactivity towards EW helps to discriminate patients tolerant or reactive to heated or baked egg. Furthermore, the use of heated or baked egg seems effective in primary prevention strategies and might limit adverse reactions. Oral immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy, but it can sometimes cause significant adverse events. The use of heated or baked egg might limit these, but current literature is insufficient to conclude about its efficacy.
Synthesis And Anticancer Activity Of New Hybrid 3‐Methylidene‐2,3‐Dihydro‐1,8‐Naphthyridinones
Authors: Jaskulska Agata , Szymański Jacek , Lipiński Piotr F. J. , Modranka Jakub , Janecka Anna E. , Janecki Tomasz , Gach‐Janczak Katarzyna
Published: December 2023

Synthesis of molecular hybrids, obtained by combination of two or more pharmacophoric groups of different bioactive substances in order to produce more efficient drugs, is now a frequently used approach in medicinal chemistry. Following this strategy, we synthetized a library of 3‐methylidene‐1‐tosyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones, combining a 1,8‐naphthyridin‐4‐one motif with an exo‐methylidene bond conjugated with a carbonyl group, pharmacophoric units that are present in many natural, biologically active compounds with anticancer potential. We reasoned that such bifunctional conjugates may have enhanced cytotoxic activity. The title compounds were synthesized in a four step reaction sequence. β‐Ketophosphonate, obtained from methyl N‐tosylnicotinate and diethyl methylphosphonate, was reacted with various aldehydes giving 3‐diethoxyphosphoryl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones as keto‐enol tautomers. Later, these compounds were transformed into 3‐methylidene‐1‐tosyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐ones applying the Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons methodology. Then, the cytotoxicity of the new compounds was assessed on two cancer cell lines, promyelocytic leukemia HL‐60 and breast cancer adenocarcinoma MCF‐7, and for comparison, on human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVEC. The most active and selective analog, 2‐ethyl‐3‐methylidene‐1‐tosyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridin‐4(1H)‐one 4 a was chosen for more detailed studies on HL‐60 cell line, to determine molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity. It was shown that 4 a strongly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis which could be attributed to its ability to cause DNA damage.
A case of hepatitis E that developed during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma and responded to ribavirin
Authors: Hashimoto Seiya , Fukuda Hirofumi , Takeda Kohei , Uchida Keiichi , Sanuki Fumiaki , Akiyama Takashi , Kondo Eisei , Wada Hideho
Published: December 2023

Background

The main differences in cases of sudden elevation of hepatic enzyme levels during immunochemotherapy are the reactivation of the hepatitis B virus or drug‐induced liver injury. Here, we report a case of acute liver injury caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV) during chemotherapy for malignant lymphoma, wherein the patient was successfully treated for the hepatitis and resumed chemotherapy to completion.

Case

A 57‐year‐old woman visited her local doctor because she felt lightweight and tired. The patient underwent lower gastrointestinal endoscopy and was diagnosed with a malignant lymphoma of the small intestine (diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma). The patient had a history of oral consumption of undercooked pork liver to improve anemia and was diagnosed with acute hepatitis E.

Conclusion

This report highlights the successful treatment of HEV infection in a patient undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for malignant lymphomas. A novel aspect of this study is the safe and effective use of ribavirin, an antiviral medication, along with continued chemotherapy, which resulted in sustained virological response (SVR) and the completion of the planned chemotherapy regimen. This report also provides new insights into the management of HEV infections in immunosuppressed patients undergoing chemotherapy and emphasizes the importance of considering HEV as a potential cause of acute liver injury in such cases. The successful use of ribavirin along with continued chemotherapy offers a promising treatment strategy for clinicians to consider in similar scenarios.
A Mild Method for the Activation of Cation Exchange Membranes Used in Tubular PEM Electrolyzers
Authors: Sánchez Batalla Beatriz , Laube Armin , Struckmann Thorsten , Hofer André , Zallmann Sebastian , Körner Carolin , Fischer Simon , Burek Bastien Oliver , Bachmann Julien , Weidlich Claudia
Published: December 2023

Co‐extrusion of both half‐cells in tubular PEM water electrolyzers can lower the costs for hydrogen production, since the number of components is reduced and the production process is simplified. However, after co‐extrusion of the inner half‐cell and the ion exchange membrane, the membrane is in its fluoride sulfonyl form and must be hydrolyzed to achieve the proton conductive sulfonic acid to be ready for use. Common practice is the hydrolysis using concentrated alkaline solutions, which causes a corrosion of the laminated anode electrode. We developed a less corrosive method using triethylsilanol as reactant. Tubular membranes hydrolyzed with this new procedure were characterized and tested in an electrolyzer laboratory test setup.
The effect of the pyrolysis temperature and biomass type on the biocarbons characteristics
Authors: Iurchenkova Anna , Kobets Anna , Ahaliabadeh Zahra , Kosir Janez , Laakso Ekaterina , Virtanen Tommi , Siipola Virpi , Lahtinen Jouko , Kallio Tanja
Published: December 2023

The conversion of biomass and natural wastes into carbon‐based materials for various applications such as catalysts and energy‐related materials is a fascinating and sustainable approach emerged during recent years. Precursor nature and characteristics are complex, hence, their effect on the properties of resulting materials is still unclear. In this work, we have investigated the effect of different precursors and pyrolysis temperature on the properties of produced carbon materials and their potential application as negative electrode materials in Li‐ion batteries. Three biomasses, lignocellulosic brewery spent grain from a local brewery, catechol‐rich lignin and tannins, were selected for investigations. We show that such end‐product carbon characteristic as functional and elemental composition, porosity, specific surface area, defectiveness level, and morphology strictly depend on the precursor composition, chemical structure, and pyrolysis temperature. The electrochemical characteristics of produced carbon materials correlate with the characteristics of the produced materials. A higher pyrolysis temperature is shown to be favourable for production of carbon material for the Li‐ion battery application in terms of both specific capacity and long‐term cycling stability.
Denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (DTL) maintains the proliferation and differentiation of epidermis and hair follicles during skin development
Authors: Lin Yanhui , Tang Weibo , Huang Peijun , Wang Zhendong , Duan Lian , Jia Chonghui , Sun Ruizhen , Liu Li , Shen Jingling
Published: December 2023

Background

A precise balance between the proliferation and differentiation of epidermal progenitors is required to achieve the barrier function during the development of epidermis. During the entire process of skin development, the newly formed basal layer cells divide, differentiate, and migrate outward to the surface of the skin, which is tightly regulated by a series of events related to cell cycle progression. The CRL4DTL complex (Cullin 4 RING ligase, in association with the substrate receptor DTL) has long emerged as a master regulator in various cellular processes, which mediates the degradation of key cell cycle proteins. However, the roles of DTL in regulating epidermal morphogenesis during skin development remain unclear.

Results

We showed that DTL deficiency in epidermal progenitor cells leads to defects in epidermal stratification and loss of hair follicles accompanied by reduced epidermal progenitor cells and disturbed cell cycle progression during skin development. Transcriptome analysis revealed that p53 pathway is activated in DTL‐depleted epidermal progenitor cells. The apoptosis of epidermal cells showed in DTL deficiency mice is rescued by the absence of p53, but the proliferation and differentiation defects were p53‐independent.

Conclusion

Our findings indicate that DTL plays a vital role in epidermal malformation during skin development.
Online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating: Feasibility and acceptability pilot study
Authors: Marques Cristiana C. , Palmeira Lara , Castilho Paula , Rodrigues Dírcea , Mayr Andreas , Pina Tiago Soares , Pereira Ana Telma , Castelo‐Branco Miguel , Goss Kenneth
Published: December 2023

Objective

This pilot study aims to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and potential effectiveness of online Compassion Focused Therapy for overeating (CFT‐OE).

Method

Eighteen Portuguese women seeking treatment for overeating were enrolled in this study, and 15 participants completed the CFT‐OE. This was a single‐arm study. Participants were assessed at pre‐ and post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up. All participants completed measures assessing binge eating, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, general eating psychopathology, general and body shame, self‐criticism, self‐compassion, and fears of self‐compassion.

Results

The treatment attrition rate was 16.7%, which is relatively low compared to other similar online interventions. Participants gave positive feedback on the program and indicated they would recommend it to people with similar difficulties. CFT‐OE improved self‐compassion and reduced eating psychopathology symptoms, general and body shame, self‐criticism, and fears of self‐compassion. Clinical significance analysis showed that the majority of participants were classified as in recovery in all measures at post‐intervention and 3‐month follow‐up.

Discussion

Preliminary results suggest that the online CFT‐OE program is an acceptable and feasible intervention. Results also suggest that CFT‐OE is beneficial for the treatment of women with difficulties with overeating. A future randomized controlled trial is necessary to establish the effectiveness of the CFT‐OE.

Public significance

This study indicates that online CFT‐OE is a feasible and adequate intervention for women who struggle with overeating. This therapy showed promising results in reducing eating disorder symptoms, shame, and self‐criticism and improving self‐compassion. As an online intervention, CFT‐OE may be more accessible and offer an alternative to in‐person therapy.