bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shear behaviour of lightweight concrete beams strengthened with CFRP composite
Authors: Al-Allaf Mustafa Hameed , Weekes Laurence , Augusthus-Nelson Levingshan
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the experimental results obtained from lightweight concrete (LWC) and normal-weight concrete (NWC) beams with closed and U-shaped configurations of epoxy-bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement in order to compare the shear-resisting mechanisms between LWC and NWC beams. The experimental results show that the CFRP can successfully be applied in the strengthening of LWC beams, and that the shear strength gained due to CFRP reinforcement for lightweight samples is less than the NWC samples while the modes of failures are the same. In contrast, diagonal shear cracks propagate through the lightweight aggregate compared to cracks around normal aggregate in the concrete matrix. Furthermore, the numerical study shows that the design guidelines to estimate the CFRP contribution, which do not differentiate between concrete types, overestimate the effect of U-shaped CFRP reinforcement on LWC beams where the effective bond length of CFRP could not be achieved due to lower tensile strength of LWC.
Bilgi İfşası (Whistleblowing) ve Etik İkilem Üzerine Çıkarımlar
Authors: AKOĞLAN KOZAK Meryem , ŞAHİN Sibel
Published: June 2018

Bilgi ifşası, işletmelerde yaşanan ahlâk, yasa ve etik dışı eylemlerin yetkililere bildirilmesidir. Turizm faaliyetlerinin çok kültürlü yapısı, işletmelerin insan yoğun ve çevresel faktörlere dayalı hizmet üretimi zaman zaman turist, çalışan ve işletmeler bağlamında ifşa edilebilecek yasa ve etik dışı uygulamaları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Kişiler sessiz kalarak bilgi ifşasının yarattığı örgütsel ve bireysel sorunlardan kaçınmaktadır. Bu bağlamda etik ikilem, bilgiyi ifşa etmek ya da etmemek arasındaki kararsızlık durumudur. Çalışmada, turizmde bilgi ifşası ve buna bağlı yaşanan etik ikilemlerle ilgili kavramsal çıkarımlara ulaşılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma, etik ikilemle bilgi ifşası ilişkisini inceleyen ampirik araştırmaların gerekliliğini belirtmesi yanında, bulguların toplu bakış açısıyla değerlendirilmesini sağlaması açısından da önemlidir. Bu amaçla, bilgi ifşası ve etik ikilem alanyazınındaki araştırmalar incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, turizmde ifşa davranışı, bireysel ve örgütsel eğilim, örgüt içi iletişim, işini kaybetme korkusu ve çevresel duyarlılıklara göre ortaya çıkarken etik sorunlar ise genellikle işletme içi, çevre koruması ve insan ilişkilerinde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Etik ikileme yönelik bir bulguya ise rastlanmamıştır.
EL DESARROLLO DEL PROPÓSITO JUVENIL EN LOS ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS CATALANES QUE PARTICIPAN EN PROYECTOS DE SERVICIO-APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Palou Julian Berta
Published: June 2018

Este artículo se centra en la influencia que tiene la metodología de aprendizaje- servicio (ApS) en el desarrollo del propósito juvenil en estudiantes de dos universidades catalanas. El objetivo de la investigación es analizar si la participación en proyectos de ApS de los estudiantes universitarios ha incidido en el desarrollo de su propósito. Para ello se sigue una metodología cuasi-experimental con medidas repetidas pre-postest sin grupo de control. La muestra la forman 121 estudiantes de las dos universidades catalanas que participan en proyectos de ApS durante un cuatrimestre académico. Entre los resultados, se han encontrado cambios leves/moderados a lo largo del tiempo, en algunos de los componentes del propósito analizados.
Discapacidad y accesibilidad universal. La unión perfecta
Authors: López Cala Guillermo , Grande Gascón María Luisa , Calero García María José
Published: June 2018

España es un país con un modelo de atención y bienestar social basado en los derechos humanos, cuyo objetivo entre otros es la no discriminación y la igualdad de oportunidades. Tradicionalmente las personas con discapacidad o diversidad funcional han estado sujetas de prejuicios, encontrándose en muchas circunstancias en situación de vulnerabilidad social, sufriendo discriminación y exclusión con una disminución en su calidad de vida y con problemas para acceder a determinados servicios, productos y lugares. Por lo tanto, creemos que es fundamental tener en cuenta que hay que mejorar constantemente y de forma inmediata y exponencial, la situación de los entornos productos y servicios destinados a combatir o paliar de alguna manera los distintos grados de discapacidad. Y esa mejora puede aparecer desde la aplicación y desarrollo del concepto Accesibilidad Universal. Es necesario por tanto reflexionar sobre si nuestra sociedad está siendo capaz de desarrollar y realizar acciones e intervenciones administrativas, legislativas, políticas, económicas, educativas y de información y concienciación social, etc., en lo concerniente a la Accesibilidad Universal y la Diversidad Funcional. Por otra parte, las deficiencias de nuestra sociedad y la falta de solidaridad e implementación en la puesta en marcha y mantenimiento de las políticas orientadas hacia las personas con diversidad funcional es a veces un importante hándicap para el correcto cuidado de estos. Esto hace que nuestra sociedad no aparezca como justa, equitativa, global, responsable y garante de los derechos fundamentales de todos los ciudadanos por igual ante cualquier tipo de discapacidad.
La dignidad como principio fundamental de la condición de ciudadanía de las personas con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Amezcua Aguilar Teresa , García-Domingo Marta , Fuentes Gutiérrez Virginia
Published: June 2018

La desigualdad de las personas con discapacidad intelectual persiste a pesar de los logros alcanzados en las últimas décadas. Partimos de la premisa de que dicha desigualdad se debe, en gran medida, a que el concepto de dignidad, objeto de una evolución continuada a lo largo de la historia, continúa siendo confuso. Es por ello que el presente trabajo se propone analizar el concepto de dignidad desde una perspectiva histórica, hasta situarse en el contexto actual. A través de una revisión bibliográfica sistemática y del análisis de entrevistas exploratorias realizadas a informantes claves, abordamos los diferentes análisis teóricos sobre el concepto de dignidad que han respaldado los modelos de atención a la discapacidad a lo largo del tiempo. Entre los principales resultados encontramos que, de una  significación jerárquica y de rango social de la dignidad -propuesta por los teóricos clásicos-, se pasa a definirla como un valor interno que hace único al ser humano como ser racional, con capacidad de elección y autónomo. Concluimos del análisis que los cambios de perspectiva sobre la dignidad sirven para acotar los posibles peligros que pueden vulnerar al ser humano, pero siguen siendo insuficientes a la hora de extender los derechos a una esfera más amplia que la personal.
THEORY OF NEEDS AS JUSTIFICATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS: CURRENT APPROACHES AND PROBLEMS OF UNCERTAINTY AND NORMATIVENESS
Authors: Hapla Martin
Published: June 2018

This paper deals with the theory of needs as a possible justification of human rights. First, it defines the concept of need, which differs from the concept of want. It states that need is, by definition, objective in nature. The paper then analyses some concepts of need (especially those of David Miller and Massimo Renzo) and examines their advantages and disadvantages in relation to justification theories (for example James Griffin's approach which is based on the idea of normative agency). According to the author, these concepts have natural-law foundations and cannot deal, in particular, with the problem of transition from facts to norms. In addition, the requirements that we usually derive from needs retain too much uncertainty. In spite of these shortcomings, using them as arguments in law and even more in politics retains a great convincing power. Its sources are difficult to identify, however, it is an important concept we use in everyday life (though in a shifted meaning). Finally, the author concludes that although needs are not able to establish human rights in a satisfactory way – provided we renounce the universal nature of these rights – they can play a very useful and important role in justifying them in certain local contexts.
JOURNALISM: NEW TRENDS AND ITS IMPACT ON RIGHT TO PRIVACY. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO INDIA
Authors: Oommen Gifty
Published: June 2018

Investigative Journalism is the act of the journalists which goes beyond simple reporting of events in the press. It involves newsgathering by taking an initiative to get the required information. The information in this case is not easily available. The extra effort taken for this type of newsgathering is termed investigative journalism. This method has gained great momentum in India. The need for this study is motivated by the fact that though India is a party to United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the subsequent ICCPR 1966, it has failed to make Privacy a part of the Indian Constitution while Press is accepted as a fundamental right. Today the press in India like in other nations is under the control of multinationals, which use this as a weapon to dictate the government and the masses. It is in this scenario that this study becomes relevant, where due to lack of legislative intent the media has become an unbridled horse. This makes an individual vulnerable to media attacks and trials. This study will focus on Indian position and make a comparative analysis of the position in other nations which have a strong impact on Indian decision making and make suggestions to bring in importance for Privacy in India. The method adopted to collect data for this study is through literature survey and review.
FROM EXCLUSIVISM TO PLURALISM: A REFLECTION ON EUROPEAN RELIGIOUS MINORITIES
Authors: Rosca Mariana
Published: June 2018

This paper reviews the religious diversity theory in the writings of Hick, Legenhausen and Netland, among others. It distinguishes two main approaches to religious diversity, pluralism and exclusivism, and examines their negative and positive application in the current situation of new minorities’ management policies. Drawing on current praxis the negative consequences of religious minorities’ disintegration processes are identified. The paper argues for the need to develop further actions that could effectively accommodate minority´s religious identities, in order to build a common and shared framework, with a certain degree of flexibility to be able to adapt to future social and cultural changes.
The Meaning of ‘Limited Pluralism’ in Media Reporting under Authoritarian Rule
Authors: Heinrich Andreas , Pleines Heiko
Published: June 2018

Research on mass media in authoritarian regimes focuses more on state mechanisms of control than on actual media reporting and on moments of crises much more than on times of stable functioning of the regime. In order to shed more light on the role of journalistic mass media in authoritarian regimes, this article deals with the actual limits of pluralism in media reporting regarding policy issues in ‘ordinary’ authoritarian politics. Looking at pluralism in sources (i.e., actors being quoted) and pluralism in opinion, the article also deals with the often assumed increasing degree of pluralism from TV over print media to the Internet. This study is based on a qualitative content analysis of media reporting on export pipelines in three post-Soviet authoritarian regimes (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan). The text corpus comprises 3,618 media reports from 38 different journalistic media outlets published between 1998 and 2011. Two major results of the study are, first, that concerning the degree of pluralism, the differences between types of media are country specific, and, second, that ‘limited pluralism’ seems to be a misnomer, as the political opposition—at least in our cases—regularly does not have a voice at all.
What Do We Know about Hybrid Regimes after Two Decades of Scholarship?
Authors: Mufti Mariam
Published: June 2018

In two decades of scholarship on hybrid regimes two significant advancements have been made. First, scholars have emphasized that the hybrid regimes that emerged in the post-Cold War era should not be treated as diminished sub-types of democracy, and second, regime type is a multi-dimensional concept. This review essay further contends that losing the lexicon of hybridity and focusing on a single dimension of regime type—flawed electoral competition—has prevented an examination of extra-electoral factors that are necessary for understanding how regimes are differently hybrid, why there is such immense variation in the outcome of elections and why these regimes are constantly in flux. Therefore, a key recommendation emerging from this review of the scholarship is that to achieve a more thorough, multi-dimensional assessment of hybrid regimes, further research ought to be driven by nested research designs in which qualitative and quantitative approaches can be used to advance mid-range theory building.
Authoritarianism in the 21st Century
Authors: Ezrow Natasha
Published: June 2018

This introduction offers an overview of the key works in this edited volume on authoritarian regimes. This edited volume explains how authoritarian regimes were studied in the past and how this may contrast with how authoritarian regimes are studied today. This compilation also examines the newest trends in authoritarianism in the 21st century and showcases interesting works on elections, media pluralism and regime hybridity. The volume also highlights the challenges posed by authoritarian regimes to the international order and the growing influence of authoritarian regimes.
Adverse drug reactions in hospitalized patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital: analysis of the reported cases
Authors: Begum M. Althab , Mohapatra Satyajit , Rani R. Jamuna
Published: June 2018

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR’s) contributes to the burden of drug-related morbidity and mortality. ADRs are seen frequently in hospitals due to a variety of factors like complexity of diseases, drug interactions, polypharmacy, and possible negligence. The purpose of the study was to identify and assess ADR in various departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Methods: A prospective spontaneous reporting was carried out in a tertiary care teaching hospital during a period of four months from November 2016 to February 2017. All suspected spontaneous ADRs were assessed and the information was collected and analyzed by the pharmacologists for causality assessment using the Naranjo’s causality assessment scale.Results: A total of 30 ADRs were reported with female preponderance (70%). Majority of ADRs were from General Medicine and Oncology departments. The most affected organ systems were skin (80%) followed by the gastrointestinal system (13.3%). The most frequent drugs causing ADRs were antibiotics (56.3%) in which type B reactions were more compared to type A and followed by anticancer drugs (10%). The severity assessment showed that most of them were mild reactions (76.6%). Causality assessment revealed that 90% of the reactions were probable, 10% were possible and no reactions were unlikely.Conclusions: The study accomplished that ADRs are widespread and a few of them raised the healthcare expenditure due to increased hospital stay. The reporting of the ADRs to regional Pharmacovigilance centers should be encouraged to ensure drug safety.
The protective effect of L. siceraria against depression using behavioural despair animal models
Authors: Kota Karunakar , Sharma Sandhya , Ragavendra P. , Tahashildar Jameela
Published: June 2018

Background: In recent years, the search for novel pharmacotherapy from medicinal plants for psychiatric illness was significantly progressed. The present study was performed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of Lagenaria siceraria in animal models.Methods: The antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract of the fruit of L. siceraria in rats was assessed using forced swim test and tail suspension test. Imipramine at 15 mg/kg was used as standard antidepressant drug.Results: The ethanolic extract of L. siceraria fruit (EELS) was significantly and dose-dependently reduced the duration of immobility after repeated treatment for 7 days in Forced swim test and Tail suspension Test. But combination of L. siceraria (200mg/kg) with Imipramine gave a highly significant result (p<0.001) in reduction of immobility duration and the effect of high dose (400mg/kg) with imipramine (15mg/kg) did not decrease the duration of immobility period in both animal models at end of the study. In this work the dose of 400mg/kg afforded more protection than the imipramine.Conclusions: The results obtained from this study was indicate that the antidepressant activity of L. siseraria.
Efficacy of conventional pharmacotherapy of syndromic management of STIs: a two year cross-sectional prospective study
Authors: Kushwah Beenu , Kushwah Devendra Singh
Published: June 2018

Background: Syndromic management has been the centre for treating STIs in a resource constraint facility since its introduction by WHO and CDC more than a decade back. Recently there has been lots of debate on its empirical use in an era of antibiotics resistance and ever-changing varieties of microorganisms causing these infections. Present study evaluated the efficacy of pharmacotherapy of syndromic management measured by symptomatic improvement in females presenting with STIs.Methods: It was a two year cross-sectional prospective study including all the females of STI syndromes, attending Gynecology OPD of Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital and results were assessed in pharmacology department, Gajra Raja medical college Gwalior from Jan 2015 to December 2016.Results: During the study period total of 24,556 patients attended the Gynecology OPD out of which 8562 patients presented with different STI syndromes. Lower abdomen pain with vaginal discharge was the most common symptom while Ulcerative lesions were the least common complaint. Maximum recurrence was seen in patients of vaginal discharge and itching followed by PID syndrome which responded to second line of drugs.Conclusions: Syndromic Management of STIs is an old approach to deal with a very common gynecological problem and needs to be reviewed in an era of wide spread antibiotics resistance.
Role of early warning signs in children with severe dengue infection
Authors: Pothapregada Sriram , Sivapurapu Vijayalakshmi , Kamalakannan Banupriya , Thulasingham Mahalakshmy
Published: June 2018

Background: The objective of the study was to evaluate and analyze the role of preceding early warning signs at admission in children with severe dengue infection.Methods: All children (0-12 y of age) diagnosed and confirmed as dengue fever admitted at a tertiary care hospital at Puducherry were retrospectively analysed from hospital case records as per the revised World Health Organization(WHO) guidelines 2009 for dengue fever. The data was analysed by descriptive statistics using SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Early warning signs were analyzed by logistic regression and a P-value of <0.05 was taken as significant.Results: Out of 360 children confirmed with diagnosis of dengue fever, non-severe and severe dengue infection was seen in 214(59.4%) and 146 cases (40.6%) respectively. The most common manifestation of severe dengue infection were shock (40.6%), bleeding (16.7%) and multiorgan failure (2.2%). On logistic regression, the warning signs most commonly associated with severe dengue infection were pain abdomen, hepatomegaly, hypotension at admission and HCT>20% with concomitant platelet<50,000/mm3. Clinical variables which were unlisted in the revised guidelines but significantly associated with severe dengue infection were Age >6 yrs, retro-orbital pain, palmar erythema, joint pain, splenomegaly, positive tourniquet test, right hypochondriac pain and epigastric tenderness.Conclusions: Early identification of the preceding warning signs, timely intervention and vigilant monitoring can reduce the morbidity and mortality in children with severe dengue infection. Since there were other clinical variables not enlisted as warning signs but were significantly associated with severe dengue infection, the list of warning signs in the revised guidelines needs to be expanded.
A study of clinical profile and outcome of SAM children admitted in nutritional rehabilitation centre, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
Authors: Tiwari Anil Kumar , Jaiswal Anil Kumar , Saurabh Kumar , . Priyanka , . Supriya
Published: June 2018

Background: Severe Acute malnutrition (SAM) with severe wasting remains a major killer of children. In Bihar 48% of children are stunted, 21 % are wasted and 7% are severely wasted. Even during the first six months of life, 31% are wasted. Under nutrition generally decreases with the increasing mother’s schooling, better nutritional status of the mother. Stunting and under nutrition are higher in rural areas than in urban areas.Methods: It is a hospital based observational study done between June 2017 to December 2017. A total of 55 SAM patients with medical complications in the age group of 6 months to 60 months admitted in Nutritional Rehabilitation center (NRC), Department of Pediatrics, Patna Medical College, Patna were included in the study. Socio-Economic profile, effectiveness of NRC in treating SAM children, and effect of timely initiation of complementary feed on nutritional status of children were assessed.Results: A total of 55 children were admitted in the NRC of PMCH, Patna during the period of June 2017 to Dec 2017. 56.4% were males and 43.6% were females. 36% o were in the age group of 12months to 24months. 78% belonged to below poverty line. Major medical complications were anemia (53%), LRTI (33%) and acute gastroenteritis (29%). Immunisation was complete in only 45%. In only 53% babies Complimentary feeding was initiated after 6 months of age. 67% of the mothers of SAM children were illiterate. 95% children were discharged after gaining proper weight. Defaulter rate was 4% and death rate was 2%. 78% of the admitted children showed good weight gain i.e.>10 gm/kg/day, whereas in 15% children weight gain was in the range of 5-10 gm/kg/day.Conclusions: Many factors such as literacy, income, age of marriage and sanitation facility indirectly or directly influence the nutritional status of children. NRCs provide life-saving care for children with SAM as demonstrated by the high recovery rate (95%).
Estimation of serum zinc levels in children with febrile convulsions
Authors: H. Ubaidur Rehman , Khan Shamshad Ahmed , Saldanha Prakash R.
Published: June 2018

Background: Febrile seizures are the most common form of convulsion in children with the aged between 6 months to 6 years. Diﬀerent studies have shown that reduction of zinc leads to the incidence of febrile seizures in children. This study was conducted with the goal of examination of the zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 children in two equal groups of children with febrile seizures, febrile children without seizures. In order to examine the zinc level blood samples were taken of all subjects and the zinc level of these patients was determined. The data was analyzed using the SPSS-16 statistical software and by descriptive statistical tests.Results: 31 males (47.2%) and 19 female children (52.8%) with the average age of 27.23±15.3 months were examined. The two groups had no signiﬁcant diﬀerence in terms of age and sex. The average of zinc level in the patients with Febrile Seizures was 57.4 µg/dL and it was 116 µg/dL in the febrile children without FS there was a signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the two groups in terms of the zinc level (P=0.01).Conclusions: The low serum zinc level in the group of patients with Febrile Seizures compared with children without febrile seizures indicate the existence of a relationship between the serum zinc level and development of FS in children aged between 6 months and 6 years.
Mortality profile of neonatal deaths and deaths due to neonatal sepsis in a tertiary care center in southern India: a retrospective study
Authors: Muthukumaran N.
Published: June 2018

Background: The Neonatal mortality rate is an important indicator for newborn care and directly reflects prenatal, intranatal, and postnatal care. Objective: Primary objective was to analyse the neonatal mortality profile, incidence of neonatal sepsis among neonatal deaths and the pattern of antimicrobial resistance.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study done in a tertiary care regional center. All neonatal deaths from January 2017 to December 2017 were reviewed and primary causes of deaths, incidence of sepsis among neonatal deaths and pattern of antimicrobial resistance were analyzed.Results: Common causes of neonatal deaths were respiratory distress syndrome (27.4%), asphyxia (23.3%), sepsis (20.1%), congenital malformations, extreme preterm, meconium aspiration syndrome. Case fatality rate was high in extreme preterm neonates (96.8%), followed by respiratory distress syndrome (35.9%), asphyxia (33%), meconium aspiration syndrome (29.4%), congenital malformations (28.8%), and sepsis (22.6%). In present study incidence of neonatal sepsis among total neonatal deaths was about 20.1%. Coagulase negative staphylococcus(CONS) (38.6%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (32.7%) were the predominant organisms isolated. Highest case fatality rate was associated with Pseudomonas sepsis (80%), K. pneumoniae sepsis (64.8%), followed by Escherichia coli sepsis (57%) and non fermenting Gram negative bacilli (55.6%).Conclusions: Sepsis still remains one of the leading cause of death in developing countries. Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CONS) and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organism. 15 % enterococci and 9.7 % of CONS were resistant to vancomycin. 24 % of K. pneumoniae and 16.6% non fermenting Gram negative bacilli were resistant to amikacin. Multidrug resistance is an emerging problem.
Clinico-epidemiological study of extramedullary disease manifestations in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Acharya Suchi , Maiti Dipshikha , Datta Supratim
Published: June 2018

Background: Data on extramedullary manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Indian children are very limited, authors analyzed the clinical, epidemiological and immunophenotype profile of these manifestations in our pediatric patients.Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which data of 46 children with ALL, aged 0 to 14 years were analysed.Results: Among the total 46 patients of ALL admitted 86.95% presented with extra medullary features. Definite male preponderance (67.5%) was observed, 80% patients were aged between one to ten years. Common extra medullary features included hepatomegaly (95%), followed by splenomegaly (77%), lymphadenopathy (58%), arthritis (17.5%), and CNS involvement in 5%.  Mediastinal mass was seen in 5 %. Majority of them (67.5%) had White blood cell (WBC) count less than 20,000/mcL. 92.5% were Pre B ALL, while T ALL was seen in three (7.5%) patients. Out of these three T cell ALL two presented with mediastinal mass and one with CNS leukemia.Conclusions: The clinicians must be aware of the constellation of different extramedullary features to diagnose ALL. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment may improve the clinical outcome in these patients. Authors suggest larger multi-centric studies to understand the clinical and laboratory profile of extramedullary disease in ALL for better risk stratification to help in risk-adopted therapy.
Comparison study on efficacy of UNICEF specified therapeutic food (F-75/F-100) with traditionally used home based food in management of severe acute malnutrition
Authors: Shukla Anand , Rao Y. K.
Published: June 2018

Background: The management of malnutrition depends on its severity. While mild to moderate malnutrition can be managed on ambulatory basis, severe malnutrition is preferably managed in hospital settings. This study was undertaken to find the magnitude of SAM in children (6 months to 60 months) and to compare the UNICEF specified therapeutic food (F-75/F-100) with traditionally used home based food in treatment of severe acute malnutrition.Methods: This prospective and observational study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of G.S.V.M. Medical College, L.L.R. and Associated Hospitals, Kanpur. Logarithmic transformation was achieved by SPSS 20.Results: The prevalence of SAM in children between 6 months to 60 months of age to be 18%. Clinical spectrum of SAM showed 95.24% of marasmus 3.57% of Kwashiorkor and 1.19% of marasmic kwashiorkor.    There was significant increase in weight of hospitalized patient receiving F75/F100 at 28 days of follow up. Weight gain was not statistically significant in patients treated at home.Conclusions: SAM should preferably be treated in hospital with appropriate therapy rather than home based management.
Stunting on children under five years on family of beneficiary family hope program in Wonogiri district, Central Java
Authors: Harjatmo Titus Priyo , Herlianty Maria Poppy , Hartono Antonius Sri
Published: June 2018

Background: The nutritional status of infants and toddlers is one indicator of public nutrition, and even has developed into one of the indicators of health and welfare. Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 showed that 37,2% children under five suffering from nutritional status is stunting. One of the efforts that have been made by the Indonesian government to reduce malnutrition in infants and toddlers is through a program that is integrated with the health sector namely Conditional Cash Transfer Program (Program Keluarga Harapan). The specific objectives were to identify the characteristics of families recieve Conditional Cash Transfer Program and analysis stunting children under five years in families receiving Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Baturetno subdistric, Wonogiri district.Methods: The study was conducted in the subdistrict of Baturetno, Wonogiri district and has collected a total of 112 infants of families Conditional Cash Transfer Program participants. Sampling of children under five years was done purposively. This study was conducted from July to August 2017.Results: The proportion of children who stunting quite high at 33.0% higher than the results of the Nutritional Status Monitoring in 2016 amounted to 27.5%. If stunting is associated with the age group of stunting problems occur in all age groups in the amount of 31.3% in under 23 months and 34.3% at 23 months upwards of 31.3% children under five short, as much as 25.0% children under five are overweight according to height (weight for height) is normal and thus potentially becoming obese.Conclusions: The implementation of weight monitoring should be monitored the height of children under five in the hope family program.
Nutritional status assessment of children aged 0-5 years and its determinants in a tribal community of Coimbatore district
Authors: Senthilkumar S. K. , Chacko Thomas V. , Suvetha K.
Published: June 2018

Background: Nutritional assessment in children is very important to prevent nutritional disorders and to decrease the morbidity and mortality. The present study was undertaken to assess the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition among children aged 0-5 years in a tribal community of Coimbatore district. Anaikatty and Palamalai tribal areas of Perianaikenpalayam block (population=347062) was selected for our study.Methods: A total of 206 children aged 0-5 years were included in the study after implementing the exclusion criteria.Results: Overall prevalence of malnutrition found to be 51%. These 51% (105) malnourished children consisted of 41.3% underweight, of which 11.2% were severely underweight. Prevalence of stunting was 32.5%, of which 6.3% were severely stunted. About 21.8% children were wasted and 6.8% were severely wasted among them. Socio-demographic factors like total number of family members exceeding four, mother’s educational status, father’s educational status, mother’s occupational status, socio-economic status, alcohol usage by any family member, and mother’s nutritional status were found to be significantly associated with malnutrition on univariate analysis.Conclusions: The problems of low standard of living, hunger, starvation, malnutrition, agricultural illiteracy, poor antenatal care, disease, poor sanitary and housing facilities, etc. has to be improved totally by implementation of policy that already exists.
Comparative study of morbidities in sawmills workers from central India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Jagtap Atul Ajay , Deshmukh Jyotsna
Published: June 2018

Background: The main problem encountered in the sawmill environment is the respirable dust (<10 μm) which may be a cause of respiratory diseases. Further the sawmill workers are also exposed to other health hazards such as injuries from handling wood logs, high noise exposure etc. There are few studies who have studied respiratory health of sawmill workers in India but there is paucity of studies on sawmill workers and their health problems in India. So the study has been undertaken to find out the chief morbidities among sawmill workers by comparing them in control group.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among sawmill workers in Nagpur city in central India from September 2013 to December 2015. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics collected using predesigned proforma by interview technique. Thorough general, systemic examination and anthropometry was done to assess health status.Results: Majority of the study subjects were males and belonged to younger age group (28-37 years). Most common morbidity among sawmill workers was musculoskeletal disorder (Table 4) and it was significantly more than comparison group (p<0.05). Some of the other significantly common morbidities among sawmill workers (p<0.05) were conjunctivitis, rhinitis, injuries, hearing impairment, ARI’s, bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, contact dermatitis, abdominal hernia, varicose veins and pulmonary tuberculosis.Conclusions: Musculoskeletal disorders were the commonest morbidity among sawmill workers. Respiratory morbidities and other allergic effects of wood dust were other common morbidities among sawmill workers.
Wide gap between knowledge and practices: a cause of concern for high prevalence of hypertension among lower socioeconomic class among urban slum population
Authors: Joshi Mohan P. , Puri Mahesh A. , Ausvi Samina M. , Saoji Ajeet V.
Published: June 2018

Background: Being an important public health problem, increasing the awareness and changing the attitudes regarding hypertension among masses would definitely help in reducing its morbidity and mortality. The study was planned with the aim to study the knowledge, attitude, practices and the prevalence of hypertension and related different socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 280 adults aged above 18 years at an urban slum in Nagpur during January 2016 to June 2017. The collection of data and the measurement of the blood pressure were done as per protocol and analysis was done.Results: Among the total 280 study subjects, the majority of 149 (53%) participants were in the age group of 41 to 60 years and majority of 250 (89%) participants were from class IV and V. Among the study subjects, around 178 (64%) were tobacco and alcohol consumers. There was statistically significant association of hypertension with alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical activities at workplace, SES class and family history of hypertension amongst them. Though, 62% of the participants had good knowledge regarding hypertension, only 54% were having positive attitude regarding it. But barely 42.75% of the participants were actually practicing those healthy practices.Conclusions: This difference in knowledge and practices is expected to have its impact on the morbidity and mortality of hypertension amongst the masses. There seems to be an urgent need for providing diagnostic and treatment facilities at primary healthcare level, including the need of health education regarding risk factors causing hypertension.
Assessment of awareness and perception regarding eye donation among selected patients attending field practise area of a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maiya G. Rakesh , Kiran K. G. , Badiger Sanjeev
Published: June 2018

Background: India has a large number of blind population of which major proportion of blindness can be corrected. One of the major cause in developing countries is corneal ulceration. Vision restoration for a sizeable proportion of corneal blind is possible through corneal transplant. Data from Eye Bank Association, India suggests that the annual corneal procurement for donation is 1/10th of annual requirement. Raising the level of public awareness on eye donation is one of the important step in increasing corneal procurement. The objectives of the study were to evaluate persons who know about eye donation and to assess the awareness and perception regarding eye donation among those who know about eye donation.Methods: A cross-sectional study on 400 patients aged more than 18 years visiting the health centers affiliated to department of Community Medicine, KSHEMA, Deralakatte using convenient sampling during June-July 2017 using pre-validated questionnaire.Results: Out of 400, only 44% (176) knew about eye donation. Awareness and perception regarding eye donation was studied in those 44% (176). 28.4% (50, N=176) thought that blood group is a barrier for eye donation. Only 56.8% (100, N=176) knew the contact place for eye donation. Only 24.4% (43, N=176) had pledged to donate eyes. age, education and information from TV, family members, health professionals and pamphlets had significant association with willingness to donate (p<0.05).Conclusions: Though many strategies are in place, awareness regarding eye donation is less. Hence, there is a need for development of newer strategies to increase eye donation.
Assessment of environmental factors associated with dengue spread in an urban area of Puducherry
Authors: R. Abinaya , A. Velavan , Purty Anil J. , N. Murugan
Published: June 2018

Background: Dengue virus infection is an important global public health issue. Dengue disease burden in India is one of the highest in the world. Dengue is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes which breeds mostly in water stagnated in artificial containers in and around the home surroundings. Puducherry reported an increased incidence of dengue cases in the recent years. Hence this study was done to assess the environmental risk factors associated with dengue transmission.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done in 200 households of Solai Nagar, an urban area in Puducherry. Assessment of home environment and examination of the house holds for the presence of breeding sites of dengue mosquitoes and its larvae was done and socio demographic details, details of protective measures against dengue practiced by the respondents were obtained.Results: More than 80% of people live in pukka houses. There was no open defecation practice in this area and 90% of households disposed their solid waste through municipality. On assessing the breeding sites of Aedes mosquitoes, potted plants with saucer were found in high number (355) in 30% of the houses, air coolers in 17% of the houses. Discarded junks and discarded food container, disposal cups and coconut shells were present in many of the houses. Less than 40% of households only used at least one type of protective measures against dengue.Conclusions: The study area had abundant potential breeding sites of Aedes mosquitoes and the protective measures followed by the residents against mosquito bites were not adequate.
Prevalence and correlates of domestic violence in a resettlement colony of union territory of Chandigarh, India
Authors: Thakare Meenal M. , Bakshi Ravleen K. , Giri Purushottam A. , Sharma M. K. , Goel N. K.
Published: June 2018

Background: Domestic violence is not just a problem of the lower and middle classes. Domestic violence is a pervasive problem in India that cuts across age, education, social class and religion. Present study was done with the objectives to study the prevalence of domestic violence issue; to measure different types of domestic violence (i.e. physical, sexual and emotional) ; and to assess the correlation of different socioeconomic factors with occurrence of domestic violence in rural field practice area of Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area amongst 800 women of reproductive age group by interview technique after obtaining an informed consent from. The questionnaire was based upon National Family Health Survey-3 questionnaire. The data was fed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using Epi Info statistical software.Results: The prevalence of any type of domestic violence was 17.75%. Most common type of violence was humiliation, followed by physical violence in the form of slap (14.5%), twist, push, punch and kick. More severe forms like burns, dislocation, cuts were low (1.75%). The prevalence of sexual violence was found to be 1%. Domestic violence was associated with illiteracy in women (p=0.001), low income of women (p<0.001), reserved category of family (p<0.001), alcohol consumption in husband (p<0.001), low income or unemployed husband (p<0.001). No association of domestic violence was found with unemployment in women and illiteracy in husband.Conclusions: It needs more education, empowerment and sensitization in both men and women to change the patriarchal nature of Indian society and to break the culture of silence and tolerance against such heinous crime of inhumanity.
Capacidad del Estado y apoyo a la democracia: retos y oportunidades para la Colombia del postconflicto
Authors: Arévalo Bencardino Julián
Published: June 2018

En los últimos años, los sistemas políticos han despertado preocupaciones, entre ellas la que algunos autores llaman “recesión democrática”. La discusión reciente se centra en la capacidad del Estado para responder a las demandas ciudadanas. Este artículo estudia la relación entre la capacidad del Estado –entendida como su desempeño en asuntos como brindar seguridad, administrar justicia, recaudar impuestos y garantizar derechos– y el apoyo a los principios democráticos y al régimen colombiano. Los resultados indican que una menor valoración de la capacidad del Estadoestá asociada con un menor apoyo a los principios y al desempeño de la democracia. Estos resultados se discuten en el contexto de los acuerdos de paz entre el gobierno y las Farc, y de sus implicaciones para el postconflicto en Colombia.
Evaluating legal literacy programmes - aims, challenges, models and a call to action
Authors: Grimes Richard
Published: June 2018

Generally speaking, if one asks most people whether improving public understanding of the law and legal system is a good thing, most hands will go up. This is perhaps no surprise. An improved level of legal literacy should not only raise awareness of rights and responsibilities but may well provide people with more of an informed choice about what to do if they encounter legal issues. It might give those concerned the tools and confidence to address some of these problems themselves through self-help and it may address, at least to some degree, inequalities that otherwise exist. Overall, improving levels of legal literacy could enhance access to justice more generally. The generic term often ascribed to raising legal awareness amongst the wider population is public legal education (PLE).

There is a wealth of anecdotal material suggesting that all of the above is highly relevant and impactful but there is little by way of clear empirical evidence to substantiate such claims. 
This article will look at the need for, and means of, developing such an evidence base and ends with a plea for more research, sharing of ideas and collaboration in terms of evaluating PLE.
Street Law - it is more than just another class
Authors: Cover Marilyn , Bloom Jennifer
Published: June 2018

An interview with two veterans of Street Law teaching at US universities examining the methods and principles of the courses they teach.
Review of 'Street Law: Democracy For All - Learner's Manual'
Authors: Ridout Frances
Published: June 2018

2nd edition, David McQuoid-Mason, Lloyd Lotz, and Lindi Coetze
The Influence of pH Values on the Crystallite Size of ZnO by Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Permana Ahmadi Jaya , Wulandari Dian , Hartati Hartati , Setyawati Harsasi , Fahmi Mochammad Zakki
Published: June 2018

Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a semiconductor material that widely used in various applications due to its unique properties. Synthesis of ZnO by solvothermal method has been conducted with controlled pH values. The variations of pH value were 10, 11 and 12 by adjusting NaOH content. Crystall structure of the synthesis products after heat treatment at 110oC and 600oC has characterised by X-ray Diffratometer (XRD). Crystallite size of ZnO was measured by Scherrer equation. Crystall phase of ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 110 oC with 22,98-37,06 nm of crystallite size, whereas ZnO has been observed on all pH value variations at 600 oC with 41,39-71,77 nm of crystallite size.Keywords: ZnO, pH values, crystallite size, solvothermal
Banking security of Ukraine: current state and ways to improve
Authors: Ponomarenko Tetiana , Prokopenko Olha , Kuzmenko Halyna , Kaminska Tetiana , Luchyk Marharyta
Published: June 2018

Ukrainian banking institutions conduct their activity under the influence of various risks, which create critical situations for them. In this context, banks should pay more attention to their own security. The article analyzes the theoretical approaches to the concept of “banking security”, examines the level of banking security as a component of the financial and economic security of the state, and determines the ways to improve it. Banking security was analyzed based on the data of the National Bank of Ukraine and other banks that are part of the banking system of the country.The current state of the banking system shows a decrease in the security since 2014 to the “danger zone”. This is facilitated by a great number of problem loans and foreign capital in the authorized capital of banks; the predominance of short-term lending over long-term one; continued unprofitableness and low liquidity of bank assets. Banking security was the guarantor of achieving financial security of the state. Therefore, the article outlines directions for improving the operation of banking institutions and the banking system as a whole, which will allow to improve banking security in the short term. This is, first of all, the legislative consolidation of the creditor rights protection, the expansion of the lending process, including in foreign currency, with the predomi-nance of long-term loans, the banks’ work in the direction of increasing their assets profitability, optimizing administrative costs, developing and using the latest informa¬tion technology to ensure the effective operation and information security of banks.
Piesis Sign Distinguishing Non-Ischemic Priapism in a Child
Authors: Sfoungaris Dimitrios , Valioulis Ioannis , Patoulias Ioannis
Published: June 2018

To differentiate between non-ischemic and ischemic priapism is imperative in clinical settings because the treatment of these two conditions is different and urgency of treatment too. Patient’s history and Doppler color flow ultrasound contribute to the diagnosis. However, in situations where radiological investigations are not readily available in odd hours, a clinical test described in this report, the Piesis test, may be convenient. We herein report a 10-year-old boy with non-ischemic priapism diagnosed successfully with Piesis test.