bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acid base disturbances in leptospirosis patients: Comparison of conventional and Stewart method
Authors: V Priya , P Jayakumar , Kurien Annamma , Thomas Pradeep
Published: December 2023

Background: The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used in the conventional assessment of acid-base status. In 1983, P. Stewart put up an alternate strategy. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation uses variations in PCO2 and bicarbonate to explain the acid-base state. On the other hand, the Stewart theory states that albumin, inorganic phosphate, PCO2, Strong Ion Difference (SID), and SID dictate acid-base status. Therefore, these variables have an important role in clinical management. The metabolic acidosis caused by unmeasured anions is accurately identified by the Stewart physiochemical approach, and it is a predictor of mortality in patients with leptospirosis.

Aims and Objectives: Comparison of the leptospirosis patient’s S. albumin (requiring ABG analysis) and arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis parameters (pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3-, BE, SaO2, S.Na+, S.K+, S.Cl, S.PO43-, and anion gap) to compare the conventional and Stewart methods and determine the type of acid-base disturbances present in leptospirosis patients in the intensive care unit.

Materials and Methods: Following approval by the ethics committee, ABG and S. Albumin were taken from the clinical notes of fifty patients. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, in its conventional form, was unable to identify complex acid-base problems. Thus, we integrated this with the Stewart method.

Results: The majority of leptospirosis patients had a mixed disorder characterized by respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, and metabolic alkalosis. The most prevalent conditions were metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic alkalosis. Stewart’s method can help explain the cause of metabolic disorders. Stewart’s approach also made occult acid-base disorders visible.

Conclusion: Stewart’s approach emphasizes the significance of Na+, K+, Cl-, Alb, and PO43- and clarifies their part in the development of metabolic abnormalities, particularly those involving Alb and PO43-. This demonstrates unequivocally that the cause of the metabolic abnormalities can be explained by Stewart’s method, which is highly helpful in planning the management.
Blood selenium and zinc concentration of female alpacas (Vicugna pacos) and their offspring during different physiological conditions
Authors: Mendivil Sergio , Rojas Mariano , Bravo Carlos
Published: December 2023

Background:
Minerals are important for animals in many biological functions. There is scarce information however about micromineral content in the blood of South American camelids under their prevalent production system.
Aim:
This study aims to determine whole blood selenium (Se) and serum zinc (Zn) concentrations of grazing alpacas at three different physiological states in the Peruvian Andean Highland.
Methods:
Blood samples were collected for measurement of whole blood Se and serum Zn concentrations from fifteen female alpacas at late gestation, peripartum, and late lactation, as well as their respective offspring, for them only two times were taken it account (ten days after birth and late lactation). The female alpacas at the beginning had a body weight of 47.5 ± 8 kg and an estimated age of 4.03 ± 0.93 years. Se and Zn content of pastures consumed by alpacas also were determined. The samples were taken during three different months according to the productive calendar of the alpacas.
Results:
The content of Se and Zn of the diet selected by alpacas met the requirements for the physiological states they go through in comparison with literature references. Serum Zn concentration of female alpacas was higher in peripartum (0.26 µg/ml), compared to late gestation and late lactation (P<0.05). A similar result was found in the case of their offspring at ten days after birth (0.23 µg/ml) Zn concentration was higher than for late lactation (P<0.05). Unlike Zn, in the case of Se, no differences were found between the physiological states studied for alpacas or their offspring.
Conclusion:
Serum Zn concentration changes through late gestation, peripartum, and late lactation in the female alpacas and their offspring ten days after birth and late lactation. Further investigation is needed to define the alpaca adequacy of Zn and Se in relation to the blood content of both minerals.
TIJORAT BANKLARI TOMONIDAN MASOFAVIY BANK XIZMATLARINI KOʻRSATISHNING AMALIY HOLATI
Authors: Xudayberganova Zarofat Zaxidovna
Published: December 2023

Maqolada tijorat banklari tomonidan masofaviy bank xizmatlarini koʻrsatishning tashkiliy-iqtisodiy asoslari bilan bogʻliq boʻlgan dolzarb muammolar aniqlangan va ularni hal qilishga qaratilgan ilmiy takliflar ishlab chiqilgan.
OʻZINI-OʻZI BOSHQАRISH ORGАNLАRINING IJTIMOIY-IQTISODIY RIVOJLАNISHINI BOSHQАRISHNI BАHOLАSH MАSАLАLАRI
Authors: Otabek Rasulov Salimovich
Published: December 2023

Mazkur maqolada oʻzini-oʻzi boshqarish organlarining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishini boshqarishni baholash masalalari bayon qilingan. Tadqiqot ishiga doir bir qator ilmiy ishlar oʻrganilib, oʻzini-oʻzi boshqarish organlarining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy rivojlanishini boshqarishni baholashning ayrim jihatlari bayon qilingan.
ВОПРОСУ АНАЛИЗА ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИОННЫХ ПРОЕКТОВ
Authors: Давлятшаев Акмал Ашурмаматович
Published: December 2023

В статье обоснованы необходимость проведения анализа инвестиционных проектов, даны основные виды и освящены теоретические и методологические вопросы анализа экономической эффективности инвестиционных проектов в условиях инфляции и риска. Рассмотрены особенности анализа инвестиционных проектов, связанных с региональными программами развития, методы оценки инвестиционных проектов.
Türkiye’de Dijital Hizmet Vergisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: OĞUZ Nur Sena , YILDIZ Hafize Erva
Published: December 2023

Günümüzde dijital teknolojilerin gelişmesi ile beraber dünya ekonomisinin önde gelen şirketlerinin çoğunluğunu teknoloji şirketleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu bakımdan dijital hizmet sektörü vergilendirme açısından büyük potansiyel taşımaktadır ancak bu sektörde faaliyette bulunan kuruluşların elde ettiği gelirleri özümsemesi ve kaynak ülkesinde kamu gelirine katkıda bulunmaması küresel anlamda vergileme sorununu beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu sorunun önüne geçmek adına OECD ve AB işbirliği çerçevesinde dijital hizmetlerin vergisi adı altında bir vergi alınması planı gündeme getirilmiştir. Türkiye’de uluslararası çözümleri takip ederek Dijital Hizmet Vergisi uygulamasını yürürlüğe sunmuştur. 2020 yılında bu hizmete yönelik hukuki altyapı sağlamış olup Türkiye’de bu vergi uygulanmaya başlanarak çok uluslu nitelikte şirketlerin fiziki bir işyeri olmadan ülkemizde elde ettikleri kazançların vergilendirilmesi sağlanmıştır.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE ENFRENTAMENTO DA VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL INFANTO-JUVENIL: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DO COMPLEXO DE ESCUTA PROTEGIDA DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA – BA
Authors: Gomes Ana Clara Silva , Soares Rafick Santos , Públio Carlos Alberto Maciel
Published: December 2023

O presente artigo analisa os impactos do Complexo de Escuta Protegida, no Município de Vitória da Conquista - BA, para o enfrentamento da violência sexual infanto-juvenil. Os crimes sexuais perpetrados contra crianças e adolescentes são recorrentes no Brasil e a relevância de compreensão desta realidade se traduz pelas graves consequências desses atos, quais sejam, transtornos de estresse pós-traumático, ansiedade, insônia, transtorno de pânico e poderá afetar todo o seu desempenho durante a vida. Os números são tão altos que entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, foi registrado o aumento de 43.427 para 45.994 de estupros de vulneráveis, sendo 35.735 destes, cometidos contra meninas com menos de 13 anos de idade. Desta forma, a pesquisa demonstra a efetividade do Complexo de Escuta Protegida de Vitória da Conquista em face dos casos atendidos e do relato de como se procedem os atendimentos direcionados tanto para as vítimas, quanto para os familiares, amigos e parentes. De acordo com dados do anuário brasileiro de segurança pública de 2022, disponibilizado pelo Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, 82,5% dos casos de violência sexual praticada contra menores são cometidos por pessoas próximas da vítima, como amigos, parentes, o que pode ser mais um motivo para agravar mais ainda o trauma sofrido por eles. Para enunciar os resultados da pesquisa, foi apresentado o conceito de escuta protegida, onde foi utilizado como base entrevistas feitas com os profissionais e responsáveis pelo Complexo de Escuta Protegida, ademais, a investigação se pauta no estudo dos perfis de casos atendidos pela instituição em uma abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, com procedimentos bibliográficos e documentais.
A INSERÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA ATIVA NA EDUCAÇÃO: DESAFIOS ENFRENTADOS E O PERFIL DO PROFESSOR DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Catelan Camila Soares de Campos , De Araújo Fábio José , Medeiros Jéssica Marinho , Meroto Monique Bolonha das Neves , Narciso Rodi , Garcez Rogeria Ribeiro , Pires Rosane dos Reis , Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho tem buscado refletir sobre a inserção das metodologias ativas de aprendizagem nas instituições de ensino. Também busca situar o leitor de forma breve sobre o ensino tradicional, e as principais metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, selecionando a metodologia ativa “Sala de aula invertida” para ser estudada de forma mais aprofundada, além de procurar respostas a alguns questionamentos sobre os desafios enfrentados por instituições de ensino e docentes na inserção das metodologias ativas na aprendizagem dos estudantes, e quais as características necessárias o docente do século XXI deve ter para trabalhar nessa nova era. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho é buscar respostas para estes questionamentos, além de explorar a metodologia ativa “Sala de aula invertida “. Para a realização deste trabalho utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica a partir do referencial teórico abordado na disciplina de “Teorias e práticas de aprendizagem ativa”, além de levantamentos bibliográficos pertinentes ao tema proposto.
PARTICIPAÇÃO DO CANADÁ NA SEGUNDA GUERRA MUNDIAL
Authors: Alves Felipe Tadeu
Published: December 2023

A participação do Canadá na Segunda Guerra Mundial e nos eventos posteriores deixou um impacto duradouro e significativo na história do país. Durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, o Canadá contribuiu de várias maneiras, desde o fornecimento de tropas e recursos até o treinamento de pilotos da Commonwealth e o apoio às forças aliadas. O país se destacou em batalhas cruciais, como a de Dieppe e o Dia D, e também enfrentou desafios, como a Batalha de Kapyong na Guerra da Coreia.Após a guerra, o Canadá se tornou um membro fundador das Nações Unidas e continuou a desempenhar um papel ativo em questões internacionais, incluindo missões de paz, mediação de conflitos e ajuda humanitária. As mudanças sociais significativas, como a participação das mulheres na força de trabalho e o reconhecimento da diversidade étnica, também foram influenciadas pela experiência do Canadá durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. participação do Canadá na Segunda Guerra Mundial e eventos posteriores estabeleceu sua reputação como uma nação comprometida com a paz, a justiça e os direitos humanos. Monumentos e memoriais em todo o país servem como lembranças dos sacrifícios feitos durante os conflitos e da dedicação contínua do Canadá a um mundo mais pacífico e justo. Essa história é um testemunho da contribuição significativa do Canadá para a comunidade global e seu papel como defensor ativo da cooperação internacional e da resolução pacífica de conflitos.
A INTERVENÇÃO COM EXERCÍCIOS DE EQUILÍBRIO NA PREVENÇÃO DE QUEDAS DE IDOSOS: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Batista Diogo da Costa , Livramento Rosileide Alves
Published: December 2023

Introdução: A senescência é o processo natural do envelhecimento humano, não patológico, de declínio de um organismo maduro de maneira linear e universal, permeado por um conjunto de alterações morfológicas do organismo que se acentuam com o avanço da idade. Objetivo: demonstrar os benefícios dos exercícios de equilíbrio na prevenção de quedas de idosos. Metodologia: O presente estudo foi desenvolvido em forma de revisão de literatura, em que os dados foram coletados nas bases de dados: LILACS, BVS e SCIELO. Resultados: Tendo como base as evidências encontradas, conclui-se que os exercícios de equilíbrio são uma intervenção que proporciona efeitos benéficos para os idosos fragilizados, atuando diretamente na prevenção de quedas, promovendo melhoras significativas nos aspectos de flexibilidade, equilíbrio, aumento da resistência muscular e funcionalidade, consequentemente rompendo o ciclo vicioso de quedas, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos idosos.
OBTENÇÃO DE MICROPARTÍCULAS BIODEGRADÁVEIS A PARTIR DO RESÍDUO DE CASCAS DE LARANJA PÊRA (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)
Authors: Goes Aline Sayuri Fukui , Reis Marcelo Lopes Couto , Scalcon Araceli , Saibert Claudinei Luiz
Published: December 2023

O Brasil é um grande produtor de laranja e apenas a polpa é utilizada para produção do suco, contudo as demais partes da fruta, como, o bagaço e a casca que são desprezados também podem ser utilizados para obtenção de diversos subprodutos.  Neste trabalho, buscou-se avaliar dois processos de secagem dos resíduos da laranja pêra (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck): leito fluidizado e estufa de circulação forçada, com objetivo de avaliar o melhor método de secagem para obtenção de micropartículas. Os processos de secagens foram realizados na faixa de temperatura de 45 a 60°C, sob velocidade do ar constante. Todos os itens do processo de secagem da estufa de circulação forçada e leito fluidizado como: pressão, temperatura do ar de entrada, vazão do ar, umidade inicial do resíduo da laranja, respectivamente, foram considerados, a fim, de demonstrar o funcionamento do processo do material, para obter um controle de qualidade no processo e consequentemente no produto. O procedimento experimental foi composto das etapas de: aquisição dos resíduos na região oeste do Paraná, higienização, preparação das amostras, secagem em estufa de circulação de ar forçada, e um leito fluidizado, moagem e caracterização. Foi realizada uma secagem na estufa e em triplicata no leito fluidizado, até o peso da amostra constante. As amostras iniciais apresentavam umidade média igual a 84,47% inicial e no final do procedimento apresentaram umidade de 6,6% (estufa) e 6,9% (leito fluidizado). O tempo de secagem na estufa foi de 14h00 e a média de tempo de secagem em leito fluidizado foi de 08h00, sendo monitorados as perdas de peso na primeira hora a cada dez minutos, na segunda hora a cada trinta minutos e após a terceira hora de hora em hora. O tempo de secagem mostrou grandes diferenças quando comparados os processos, sendo que a secagem em estufa o tempo foi muito superior em relação ao leito fluidizado. Foi realizada a moagem das quatro amostras dos resíduos desidratados, sendo uma amostra de secagem na estufa e três no leito fluidizado, análises físico-químicas, como granulometria. Pode-se concluir que a secagem mais eficiente é a realizada no leito fluidizado, devido ao tempo de processo.
INFORMATE: Where Are the Data?
Authors: Habermann Ted , Jones Jamaica , Ratner Howard , Packer Tara
Published: December 2023

Introduction A recent blog post described a new partnership between Metadata Game Changers and CHORUS aimed at understanding how CHORUS data can help federal agencies, other funders, and other users access and use information from the global research infrastructure to measure this infrastructure and understand connections between research objects.
Examining the Efficacy of Inquiry-based Approaches to Education
Authors: Scott David M. , Smith Cameron , Chu Man-Wai , Friesen Sharon
Published: December 2023

Educational jurisdictions around the world have introduced curricular initiatives that emphasize the need for students to engage in inquiry-based education. This shift, has been met by significant public opposition, particularly in the Canadian context. Results from this study indicate that criticisms of inquiry-based approaches to education are largely directed at discovery learning, which has limited educational value. We note the significant affordances of guided forms of inquiry, such as problem-based learning, and approaches to inquiry aligned with the authentic education movement. Additionally, we highlight the specific instructional supports needed for processes of inquiry to promote elements, such as critical thinking skills and flexible problem solving abilities, necessary for success in a rapidly changing world.
Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on Web3
Authors: ÜSTÜNDAĞ Mutlu Tahsin , YILDIZ Gizem , TANRIVERDİ Mustafa , BİRBUDAK Togay Seçkin
Published: December 2023

In this study, it is aimed to analyze the articles on Web3 and present the general situation about Web3 to researchers. Within the scope of this purpose, the trends of the studies published on Web3 according to years, the trends of the journals in which they were published, the institutions and countries that contributed the most, the keywords used in the studies, the topics and themes based on the studies, and the distribution of research areas were revealed. The research is based on bibliometric analysis. A total of 280 articles published in WoS and SCOPUS databases were analyzed. WoSViewer and Bibliometrix programs were used in data analysis. The findings were analyzed and interpreted separately in WoS and SCOPUS. As a result of the research, there was a significant increase in studies on Web3 in 2022, and the journals with the highest number of publications in WoS and SCOPUS differ. The countries that contributed the most to Web3 were China, The USA, India, England, Germany. The most cited countries are China, the USA, India, England, Iran and Canada. In general, it can be said that countries and institutions have conducted studies on Web3 by addressing many issues related to Web3. Within the scope of the results, Web3 studies address many different disciplines with many topics. However, there is a need to deepen the studies. The policies, practices and even the laws created by countries on Web3 are important for studies on Web3. Blockchain is one of the most studied topics, but it is understood that there are some hesitations about blockchain security. For this reason, Web3 studies can be conducted to increase blockchain security.
Truyện ngắn Lý Lan và Y Ban từ góc nhìn lí thuyết độ khó của văn bản
Authors: Điệp Nguyễn Thị Như , Linh Trịnh Khánh
Published: December 2023

Tóm tắt

Từ lâu, trên thế giới, độ khó của văn bản đã được nghiên cứu trong cả lĩnh vực ngôn ngữ học ứng dụng và ngôn ngữ học tính toán; trong đó, các nghiên cứu chủ yếu cho tiếng Anh và một số ngôn ngữ khác với nhiều kết quả ứng dụng cao.Bài viết phần lớn sử dụng phương pháp nghiên cứu định lượng nhằm khảo sát các yếu tố ngôn ngữ ảnh hưởng đến độ khó của truyện ngắn Lý Lan và Y Ban từ góc nhìn lí thuyết độ khó của văn bản. Qua khảo sát và phân tích bộ ngữ liệu gồm 62 truyện ngắn của Lý Lan và Y Ban, cho thấy, cấp độ khó truyện ngắn Lý Lan và Y Ban ở mức cấp độ khó “trung bình”. Từ kết quả nghiên cứu, bài viết đưa ra các đề xuất nhằm sử dụng ngữ liệu ở các lớp, cấp học phù hợp; cập nhật vào kho ngữ liệu tiếng Việt nghiên cứu về độ khó của văn bản; đề xuất kết hợp khung lí thuyết này vào ứng dụng thực tiễn giảng dạy, biên soạn giáo trình và xác định đặc trưng phong cách tác giả ở góc nhìn định lượng.

® 2023 Journal of Science and Technology - NTTU
Exploring The Potential of Human Papilloma Virus: An Overview
Authors: Ramalingam Gopinath , M Arundadhi  , R Revathi  , Sowndarya Vijay  , A Dhanasezhian  , G Sucila Thangam
Published: December 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most frequent viral sexually transmitted infection in the world. HPV is currently the most prevalent infection responsible for female cancers, with more than 90% of cervical cancers - the fourth deadliest malignancy in women- having been diagnosed. Additionally, genital and upper aerodigestive tract malignancies, as well as cutaneous and anogenital warts, are also linked to HPV infection. Cervical screening programs that are organized have the potential to be more effective than opportunistic screening programs. Nonetheless, screening programs have consistently been linked to lower cervical cancer incidence and mortality. Over the last 40 years, developed countries have achieved such a reduction in cervical cancer incidence and mortality. This is largely because of organized cytological screening and immunization programs. In women with no indication of previous or current HPV infection, HPV vaccinations are very efficient at preventing infection and illnesses caused by vaccine-specific genotypes. Despite the effective implementation of the HPV vaccination program in many nations around the world, challenges with HPV prevention and treatment of linked diseases will persist in developing and poor countries. This review provides an insight into various aspects of HPV infection.
Nurturing Emotional Growth in Medical Postgraduates Via Eye Donation Poster Competition
Authors: Paranjape Radhika , Desai Deepali , Mukhida Sahjid , Kamdar Gufran Ali , Gandhi Shreya
Published: December 2023

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Convivencia, inclusión y éxito educativo a través de la participación educativa de la comunidad en una Comunidad de Aprendizaje
Authors: Domínguez Rodríguez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2023

En España se están desarrollando experiencias participativas en numerosos centros transformados en Comunidades de Aprendizaje. Su finalidad es la de mejorar la realidad socioeducativa de la escuela y su entorno, implicando a todos los agentes educativos posibles. En este artículo se analizará cómo a través de la participación de las familias y voluntariado, se logra una convivencia positiva y una plena inclusión educativa, así como el éxito educativo en una escuela con alumnado diverso. El enfoque comunicativo crítico será la metodología de investigación que se utilice, ya que se busca describir y/o interpretar la realidad del centro educativo, para poder transformarla. El diálogo igualitario, entre participantes y personal investigador, será la base de esta metodología. Mediante las técnicas utilizadas (entrevistas en profundidad de orientación comunicativa y grupos de discusión comunicativos) se evidenciará que la participación real de las familias y del voluntariado en el centro educativo favorece la disminución de la conflictividad y aumenta la inclusión del alumnado, mejorando también los resultados académicos y la motivación por el aprendizaje.
Percepción de la imagen de marca y nuevos espacios de aprendizaje. Un estudio de caso del nuevo Centro de Formación ESIC Madrid
Authors: García Ochoa Carlos
Published: December 2023

Neste artigo, problematizamos a noção de exame e discutimos a noção de avaliação para aprendizagem. Apresentamos alguns equívocos relacionados à avaliação e alguns princípios que direcionam nossas práticas avaliativas. Nos questionamos se tais princípios auxiliam outras/os docentes universitárias/os a pensar-projetar a avaliação para aprendizagem em seus próprios cotidianos no ensino superior. Nossos movimentos epistêmico-metodológicos fundamentam-se na “epistemologia das práticas docentes” e do “pesquisar-com a experiência” para compreender o que as/os docentes dizem-sentem-refletem sobre os princípios da avaliação online para aprendizagem. Para alcançar esse objetivo de pesquisa, ofertamos um curso remoto para professoras/es de uma universidade pública em que foram efetivados tais princípios visando a possibilitar que todas/os as/os cursistas tivessem uma experiência compartilhada a partir da qual teceriam narrativas sobre avaliação levando em consideração também as experiências avaliativas pregressas e as próprias práticas de avaliação. Da análise das narrativas docentes, que são os dados da presente pesquisa, emergiram três noções/achados: vivenciar um processo de avaliação formativa potencializa mudanças na prática avaliativa; avaliação colaborativa e a autoavaliação são potentes, mas requer superar desafios; e avaliar formativamente não depende apenas da/o docente, mas envolve também alguns fatores condicionantes.
Avaliação da ocorrência de helmintos em bezerros leiteiros da região do oeste Goiano
Authors: Da Silva Carlos Eduardo Emídio , Da Silveira Neto Osvaldo José , Margarida Luiz Henrique Batista , Costa Maria Clara Oliveira , Silva Kettly Gabriele Campos , Dos Santos Klayto José Gonçalves , Gontijo Sabrina de Oliveira , De Andrade Vanessa Gonçalves
Published: December 2023

O endoparasitismo em bezerros de leite é uma enfermidade silenciosa caracterizada pela popularização do trato gastrointestinal dos animais por vermes, responsáveis por causar uma grande queda na produção. Percebe-se como principal sinal clínico uma acentuada diarreia e um atraso no desenvolvimento corpóreo do animal. Com isso objetivou-se através desse estudo, avaliar a ocorrência de helmintos intestinais em bezerros leiteiros da região do oeste goiano a partir da contagem de ovos por gramas de fezes. Dessa forma, foram identificados nematóides do grupo Strongyloidea, um dos principais helmintos gastrintestinais que acometem o rebanho de bovinos, em sua forma strongyloides. Concluindo assim, que todas as propriedades do oeste goiano estão sujeitas a apresentarem certo grau de parasitismo que varia entre leve, moderada e pesada de acordo com a escala de infecção mista adaptada de vários autores.
The Proposed Approach to Current Financial Requirement Management in Organizations of The Alcoholic Beverages
Authors: Matevosyan Ashot Varazdat , Hovakanyan Lilit Yura , Matevosyan Mane Henrikh , Grigoryan Ani Zohrab
Published: December 2023

Purpose:  The aim of the article is to evaluate the turnover of current financial demand and the components underlying its calculation in alcoholic organizations listed on the international stock exchange and to propose a factor analysis and evaluation approach based on linear regression analysis, which will be considered as a new way to improve the financial management of working capital.
 
Theoretical framework:  This article presents an assessment of the use of working capital in alcoholic companies that are studied and listed on the world stock exchange, and offers practical solutions to improve the financial management of working capital.
 
Design/methodology/approach:  Within the framework of the research, we offer a new methodological solution for assessing the impact of the current financial requirement and the variables that determine it. First of all, the focus will be made from the point of view of interdependence in relation to income, based on which the turnover of the result indicator (CFR) and variables (AP, AR and I) in days is estimated.
 
Findings:  According to the results of the assessment in the companies Ambev S.A (Brazil), Anheuser-Busch (Belgium) and Diageo (UK), in the case of a change of division, the turnover of receivables (X1) and inventories (X3) has a positive effect on the turnover of current financial requirements, as well as the turnover of accounts payable per unit of change, has a negative effect on the liquidity of current financial requirements. It follows from the results of the analysis that for the companies under review, effective management of receivables and inventories is considered a key area of working capital management.
 
Research, Practical & Social implications: During the study, we proposed a new methodological solution by conducting an assessment of working capital usage and factor analysis of the financial requirement of Ambev S.A (Brazil), Anheuser-Busch (Belgium) and Diageo (UK) companies involved in the production of alcoholic beverages in the world stock exchange.
Originality/value:  The scientific novelty of the study lies in the proposed approach to the evaluation of the index of current financial demand and turnover (in days) of its components (factors), as well as the marginal intervals of regulation.
FINANCIAL AUTONOMY OF SMALL TOWNS IN POLAND
Authors: Kozera Agnieszka , Kozera Cezary
Published: December 2023

The main aim of the study was to assess the level, dynamics of changes and diversification of the financial autonomy of small towns with the status of urban communes in Poland in 2011 and 2020. Two basic indicators used in the assessment of the studied phenomenon were used: the level of own income per capita, as well as and their share in the own income of the surveyed entities. The subjective scope of the research included small towns (less than 20 thousand inhabitants) with the status of urban communes (116 entities in 2020). Empirical research was carried out on the basis of secondary data from the Central Statistical Office. The empirical research conducted was aimed at answering the following research questions: is the distance between small towns and larger urban centers in terms of the level of financial autonomy high and increasing over the years, does the lowest level of financial autonomy distinguish small cities from the Eastern Macroregion, what are the most important determinants of the level of financial autonomy of small towns. The conducted research has shown that small towns are characterized by the lowest level of financial autonomy, but also the highest diversity in this respect. However, disproportions in the level of financial autonomy of small towns in relation to urban communes in general are relatively small and have decreased in the analyzed period. The highest level of the studied phenomenon is observed in small towns from the Northern and Southern Macroregions, and the lowest in the Eastern Macroregion. Disproportions in the financial autonomy of small towns in the Eastern Macroregion in relation to, among others, to small towns in Poland in general, however, decreased. However, the financial autonomy of these entities is still the result of local entrepreneurship, conditions for the development of tourism and location benefits.
MOTIVES AND BARRIERS TO INNOVATIONS IMPLEMENTATION IN CATTLE FARMS
Authors: Kusz Dariusz
Published: December 2023

The implementation of innovations into agricultural practice depends on many factors. These include, among others, farmers’ individual predispositions, especially the internal processes occurring in the human psyche, including predispositions, creative activity, willingness to take risks and motivations. The aim of the research is to determine the motives and barriers to introduce innovations in farms engaged in cattle breeding. The study was conducted from November 2022 to February 2023. Purposeful selection of the sample was used, and the farms engaged in cattle production, both milk and meat production, were selected for the study. The research was carried out in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The auditorium survey method was used in the research. The sample of 329 respondents was analysed. The research found that the youngest, best-educated farmers and those running large farms were more motivated to introduce innovations than others. Farmers’ motives to implement innovative solutions were mainly related to the desire to improve management efficiency, the quality of production, the conditions in which production takes place, and reduce the negative impact on the natural environment.
EVALUATION OF THE USE OF SUPPORT FINANCED IN SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED ENTERPRISES UNDER THE SAPARD PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTURAL PROCESSING AND THE REGIONAL OPERATIONAL PROGRAM IN THE WARMIŃSKO-MAZURSKIE VOIVODESHIP
Authors: Kazimierczuk Marcin
Published: December 2023

The aim of the article is to present the essence and assessment of the use of financial assistance for the SME sector from the SAPARD Program and the Regional Operational Program 2014-2020 in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. The subject of the research was the assessment of EU subsidies as a source of enterprise financing. Their aim was to assess the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats resulting from obtaining funds from the ROP for the development of SMEs in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship. SWOT analysis was used to achieve the research objective. The research was carried out using the interview method, in which the research tool was a standardized survey questionnaire. They were implemented among the beneficiaries of the Regional Operational Program of Warmia and Mazury for 2014-2020. In addition, classic methods and techniques developed in legal sciences were used. The basic method of research in this sphere was the formal dogmatic method. In addition, the source of data was information obtained from the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture. The SAPARD program gave processing plants in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship the opportunity to become familiar with the new support rules used in the EU structural funds. Projects implemented by the SME sector in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship have brought tangible benefits in terms of adapting quality and sanitary standards of agricultural processing production to EU requirements. In the case of the Regional Operational Program 2014-2020, the availability of EU funds in the Warmia and Mazury region was assessed by the respondents as insufficient. Due to the completed financial perspective 2014-2020 of the Regional Operational Program of Warmia and Mazury, the possibility of obtaining EU funds has decreased, which significantly limits the development of SME sector enterprises.
Correlation between smoking and brain atrophy detected by cross sectional imaging
Authors:   MBCH, Radiology department, Rizgari teaching hospital, Erbil, Iraq, Marof Aryan Wirya , Younus Saeed Nadhim ,   MBCH, DMRD, PHD, kHCMS, Scientific Counsel of Radiology, Erbil, Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Smoking have effect on many organs in human body, we are focusing on its relation with brain atrophy. We aimed to determine whether there is an association between smoking and brain atrophy by using certain parameters from CT scan or MRI of brain. Methods: This is a case control study done from December 2019 to May 2021, a total of 100 cases of CT scans and MRI brain which is randomly selected reviewed by taking certain measurements like frontal horn index, Evans ratio, bicaudate index, huckman number, cella media. Results: Brain atrophy group involved 50 cases and control non-atrophy group 50 cases both group with equal number of male and female, there is statistically significant difference between smokers with brain atrophy 30% and smokers with no brain atrophy 6% with p-value 0.027, also the mean duration of smoking among brain atrophy was 17.83 years while among non-atrophic brain was 9.83 years. Number of cigarettes smoked per day showed statistically significant difference as it was 21.07 cigarettes among smokers with brain atrophy versus 13.83 cigarettes in non –brain atrophy smokers. Conclusions: Current brain imaging demonstrate that chronic tobacco smoking is associated with significant increase in prevalence of brain atrophy than non-smokers, smoking can be considered a risk factor for brain atrophy.
Cerebral Hydatid Disease Patients Admitted to Duhok City Hospitals: Management and Outcome
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B. (Baghdad), F.R.C.S. (Glasgow), Professor of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Senior Consultant Neurosurgeon, Accident and Emergency Hospital (Teaching), Duhok City, Region of Kurdistan, Iraq, Al-Rawi Walid Wahaib , Al-Rawi Fatima Walid ,   M.B.Ch.B. F.R.C.S.O. (Glasgow), M.R.C.S.O. (Ireland), C.A.B.O., I.C.O. (London), Specialist Ophthalmologist, Eye Hospital (Teaching), Duhok City, Region of Kurdistan, Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: The human systemic infestation with Echinococcus granulosus affects the brain in 2% of cases, cerebral hydatid cyst, which presents clinically as slowly growing intracranial mass lesion leading to variable symptomatology of raised intracranial pressure, neurological deficit, and epilepsy. The condition, when occurs, needs prompt surgical removal in order to avoid fatal consequences. The aim of this article is to report clinical data and our experience concerning cerebral hydatid cyst presentation, surgical management, complications, and outcome. Methods: A retrospective case-series study encompassing 8 patients, four females and four males, whose ages ranged between 3.5-35 years, harboring cerebral hydatid cysts, including one cerebral hydatid abscess. The current study was conducted at Duhok Teaching Hospitals, during January 2005-May 2021. The diagnosis was established on clinical and radiological, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging backgrounds, and confirmed by operative findings, and histopathology (abscess cyst). Via appropriate craniotomies, all cerebral hydatid cysts, and abscess, were successfully removed, except, the recurrent hydatid cysts which needed an additional posterior fossa craniectomy to achieve total removal. There was no need for the use of advanced statistical system. Results: Compared to their original neurological deficit at presentation, seven cases could achieve complete recovery, except, the patient with recurrence, whose recovery was delayed and suboptimal due to repeated surgeries; there was no mortality. Conclusion: The operating surgeon should practice meticulous care avoiding the possible risk of an accidental rupture during cyst delivery. Various opinions address the pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative use of Albendazloe, however, we are not sure whether the use of this medication could have prevented the recurrence of CHC which followed the accidental rupture.
The Use of Renin-Angiotensin System Blockades Among Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors:   MBChB, FIBMS-Medicine, lecturer of internal medicine and nephrology at Kurdistan Board of Medical Specialties, Erbil-Iraq, Shekhany Majeed Hassan
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Hypertension is common in adult patients with chronic kidney disease with a prevalence that depends on the stage and etiology of chronic kidney disease and has been reported to range from 60-90%. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical use of renin angiotensin system blockers in chronic kidney disease patients and to identify their potential indications, contraindications and side effects amongst different clinical specialties in relation to their clinical outcomes. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross sectional based on self-administered online questionnaire, 133 medical doctors from different specialties including nephrologists, internists, urologists, general practitioners responded to the questionnaire and filled it up, which was composed of three main parts including the socio-demographic data of the participants, data about CKD and its stages and finally the RAS blockades. The study extended from June until July 2021. Results: The mean age ± standard deviation of respondents was 44.65 ± 6.89 years. Nearly one third of the respondents were internist, 12.8% nephrologist, 7.5% urologist and 45.9% from other different specialties. The vast majority (98.5%) of the physicians thought that renin angiotensin system inhibitors are effective anti-hypertensive agents even for chronic kidney disease patients. Most of the nephrologists and other specialties would continue the renin angiotensin system inhibitors while most of the internists and urologists would either stop or change the renin angiotensin system inhibitors, this was statistically significant and p–value was 0.010.
Management of Hyperprolactinemia in Clinical Practice
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B., FRCP (Edinburgh), MRCP (London), FKBMS, Endo Diploma (UK), Assistant professor of endocrinology and diabetes, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Qasim Bayar Ahmed , Hussein Kajeen Rashid ,   BVMS, MS, Lecturer in clinical biochemistry, College of medicine, University of Duhok, Ahmed Mazyar Jabbar ,   MBChB, FIBMS, HDE, Endocrinologist, Kurdistan board of medical specialties, Hawler, Salih Sherwan Ferman ,   MBChB, FIBMS, Assistant professor, College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Sulaiman Mohammed Aziz ,   MBChB, FIBMS Assistant professor, College of Medicine, University of Duhok
Published: December 2023

Background & objectives: Hyperprolactinemia is defined as an increased prolactin level above the normal reference range, in women more than 25 ng/dl; with a prevalence rate of 10% in the general population. Hyperprolactinemia is associated with different clinical presentations various from oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility. This study aims to be to assess the current practice regarding the management of hyperprolactinemia in non-pregnant women in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Subjects and Methods: An electronic questionnaire on current practice concerning diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia in non-pregnant women was sent through e-mail to 167 clinicians, 166 of them completed the survey and they were from different cities (Duhok, Sulaymaniyah, Erbil, and Halabja) of the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Results: A total of 166 valid questionnaires were collected. The response received from 166 clinicians. Almost 97 % of the responders were asking about the presence of symptoms of prolactinoma in patients with hyperprolactinemia and the majority of responders were made an exclusion of physiological causes related to hyperprolactinemia. When hyperprolactinemia occurred, only 81.3% of the respondents would test for thyroid-stimulating hormone routinely. Majority of the responders (79.5%) did not confirm the biochemical diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia before starting treatment and only two-thirds of them do pituitary imaging. Also, our results show an important role of clinician’s characteristics like age group on the management outcome, as the age group 25-35 was better when compared to the age group 46-55 (p-value =0.044) and the internist specialty and family medicine specialty have a better impact on management outcome in comparison to endocrinologist with (p-value =0.046 and 0.043 respectively). Conclusions: We found that the current clinical practice for the management of hyperprolactinemia is not uniform with some scientific defects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop national guidelines for the management and treatment of hyperprolactinemia.
Analysis of Ischemic stroke risk factors in young Adults
Authors:   M.B.Ch.B, Trainee at Kurdistan higher council of Medical Specialties/Clinical neurology, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil - Kurdistan region/Iraq, Fathi Ahmed Kawa , Rasoul Abdulrahman Aziz ,   M.B.Ch.B, F.I.B.M.S Neurology, Fellow Of Iraqi Board Of Medical Specialties (neurology), Consultant neurologist, Rizgary Teaching Hospital - Erbil - Kurdistan region/Iraq
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives: Keeping in mind stroke is the leading cause of disability globally, with increasing incidence of Ischemic stroke in young age reaching approximately more than 5-10 % according to multiple studies worldwide especially in developing countries. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neurology Department of the Rizgary Hospital, Erbil, Iraq over 12 months from July 2020 until July 2021. We included consecutive patients whom their age was between 18-45 years with first-ever ischemic stroke fulfilling the definition of The American Stroke Association. All patients underwent thorough history and clinical examination. Each patient underwent routine stroke assessment, including full blood workup and vascular imaging. Results: Out of 70 patients, 41 (58.8%) were males and 29 (41.4%) were females. There is a male predominance over females, which is comparable with other studies. Our present study showed that the most obvious risk factor for stroke in young people was hypertension, which was present in (38.6%) of cases followed by diabetes mellitus (20 %.), obesity (17.1%), smoking (17%), alcohol consumption (11.4%). Regarding stroke subtypes; small vessel disease was the commonest, subtype, it was present in 25.7% of cases. A stroke from a cardiac source is the second most common (24.3%). About (17.1%) of cases were in the large vessel category. The cause of the stroke was undetermined in (14.5 %) percent of cases (cryptogenic). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that traditional atherosclerotic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and smoking are responsible for most cases in young adults.
Value of ultrasound in the assessment of acute abdomen in the pediatric age group
Authors:   MBCHB. High Diploma Candidate of Radiology/Hawler Medical University - College of Medicine, Hama Bayan Rasool , Al- Najjar Salwa Ahmed ,   Ass. Prof. MBCHB –DMRB-PHD (diagnostic radiology)/ Hawler Medical University- College of Medicine
Published: December 2023

Background & objectives: Acute abdominal pain in pediatric age groups is the most common presentation in an emergency room. The study aimed to diagnose cases of pediatric acute abdomen based on the ultrasound findings and determine the value of ultrasound in decision-making. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective study was conducted in the Raparin Hospital in Erbil City/Iraq from Feb 2021 to June 2022. A convenience sampling method was used, and 200 patients who complained of acute abdominal pain were included in the study. The questionnaire was designed for data collection. A specialist pediatrician clinically examined the children; investigations were done then referred to the radiology department for an ultrasound examination. Results: The ages of the involved cases ranged from one month to 15 years. Among them, 56.0% were males compared to 44.0% females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.27:1. Regarding provisional clinical diagnosis of the patients, 60.0% presented with gastrointestinal problems among them, 39.2% had Gastroenteritis, 28.3% had appendicitis, 5.8% intestinal obstruction, 4.2% appendicular mass, 1.7% perforated appendix with the same percentage for intussusception, 23.0% suffered from mesenteric lymphadenitis, 7.0% had genitourinary symptoms and 6.0% were presented with non-specific symptoms. There was a highly significant association between the management plan and the surgical outcome of the cases, where the ultrasound was diagnostic among the majority (95.3%) of the operated patients. Conclusions: Ultrasound helped in earlier diagnoses of acute abdominal conditions and reduced radiation exposure to the pediatric age group.
MICROUNDE SOLUȚII NUMERICE – MICRO-ONDES SOLUTIONS NUMERIQUES
Authors:   Academy of Romanian Scientists, CANTARAGIU Ștefan
Published: December 2023

Lucrarea își propune să contribuie la elucidarea multora dintre provocările comportării câmpului electromagnetic în linia microstrip și este continuarea unei abordări similare publicată cu ceva ani în urmă. În plus, cartea supune atenției o suită de pachete de programe interactive destinate studiul comportării dinamice a câmpului electromagnetic din linia microstrip ecranată și a circuitelor de microunde aferente și sintetizează experiența autorului acumulată în domeniul microundelor de-a lungul carierei profesionale, începută cu proiecte și realizări practice încă din primii ani ai studenției, atunci când proiectarea circuitelor domeniului FFI (prescurtare utilizată pentru “frecvențe foarte înalte”) cu ajutorul parametrilor S în detrimentul parametrilor admitanță (Y).
ARTETERAPIA COMO TRATAMENTO EM ADULTOS COM ESQUIZOFRENIA
Authors: Rebelo Bruna Karen Lima , De Barros Nayara Larissa Mota
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho tem como objeto de investigação a contribuição da arteterapia no tratamento do adulto com o transtorno do espectro da esquizofrenia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório e de abordagem qualitativa sendo desenvolvida a partir de artigos referente à pesquisa. Tendo como objetivo geral, discutir a prática da arteterapia no tratamento de esquizofrenia em adultos. Os resultados encontrados são os métodos que podem ser utilizados com o paciente, como pintura e desenho, musicoterapia, artesanato que possuem similaridades no aspecto de que todos eles referem-se o contexto da arteterapia no tratamento do transtorno do espectro da esquizofrenia em adultos. A um ponto de vista, a arte pode ajudar as pessoas que tenham o transtorno e a sociedade a compreenderem melhor sobre, e assim, respeitarem e acolherem, não a julgar.