bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A seismic cross section of the Tibetan Plateau from Ambient Noise Tomography and Receiver Functions: Evidence for removal of mantle lithosphere below the Hoh-Xil Songpan-Ganzi plateau
Authors: Schneider Felix M. , He Rizheng , Yuan Xiaohui , Li Wei , Tilmann Frederik
Published: March 2022

We present results from a Sino-German cooperation project in the Tibetan plateau aiming to study fundamental questions on plateau building, processes that modify and destroy continental lithosphere and which control lithospheric dynamics beneath orogenic belts. The project focusses on the northern Tibean Plateau which features widespread Cenozoic volcanism indicating recent tectonic activity. Due to difficult accessability in this remote and high mountain terrain, previous seismological networks show still a larger gap in this region which we are aiming to fill in order to provide reliable informations from a local deployment. Data are analysed, which have been collected during several TITAN deployments from 2008 to 2018, comprising a 1000 km long north-south profile, which an average station spacing of about 10 km.
We performed ambient noise tomography and receiver function analysis for constructing a cross section passing the entire plateau in north-south direction along the 88.5°-Meridian.  In a first step we inverted group and phase velocities for fixed periods ranging from 5 s to 65 s and 5 s to 90 s, respectively. For depth inversion, we applied joint inversion of the surface wave model together with the receiver functions from teleseismic earthquakes.  Our 2D velocity model resolves the crust and upper mantle to a depth of about 120 km.  We interpret results from the joint inversion together with results from H-κ stacking and CCP cross sections, providing information of crustal thickness, Vp/Vs-ratio and the location of velocity contrasts, respectively.
The upper mantle below Hoh Xil Songpan-Ganzi terrane shows low velocities (Vs < 3.8 km/s) at depths of 60-120 km. Moreover, a strong approximately 10 km thick low velocity layer (Vs < 3.2 km/s) is resolved within the crust of the Hoh Xil Songpan-Ganzi terrane centered at 20 km depth deepening towards north to a center depth of 30 km below the Kunlun fault.  The observation of these mid-crustal low velocities coincides with the location of Late Miocene-Quartenary volcanic rocks in the northen Tibetan Plateau. Shear velocities are reduced by about 15% with respect to standard crustal models which may be explained by the presence of partial melts.  The low velocities in the upper mantle are interpreted as asthenosphere, implying removal of the mantle lithosphere and asthenospheric upwelling as putative mechanism for the uplift of the northern Tibetan plateau.
Seasonality of Sphagnum LAI in a mountainous peatland (Pyrenees, France)
Authors: Garisoain Raphael , Delire Christine , Decharme Bertrand , Gandois Laure
Published: March 2022

Peatlands store more than a third of the global soil organic carbon stock. Bryophytes, and more specifically sphagnum mosses, play a major role in the carbon and water cycles of these ecosystems. There is a crucial need to include sphagnum mosses into Earth system models to better simulate the functional dynamics of peatlands in a changing environment. 

Leaf Area Index (LAI) is a key integrated whole plant trait that characterizes the capacity of plants to photosynthesize. Moreover, LAI is also a variable calculated by land surface models used in climate models allowing control of the exchange of matter and energy between vegetation and environment. LAI is often validated by satellite observations in the land surface modelling community.

However, to date, too few studies are focused on  the seasonal evolution of LAI of sphagnum mosses, which remains a difficult exercise. Therefore, we propose a seasonal monitoring of the LAI of sphagnum mosses in a mountainous peatland site (alt. 1343m) of the Pyrenees. Two techniques for determining the LAI are confronted. First, monthly in situ moss sampling at the stand scale (25 cm2) followed by laboratory measurement of wet and dry biomass, and the LAI with a 2D scanner. Secondly, calculation of LAI using ESA's SNAP toolbox (10m resolution). 

We found that both Sphagnum LAI derived from field campaigns and the remote sensing approach show a strong seasonality from June to December 2021. Both techniques give the same range of LAI values during this period ( 1 to 6 m².m²). However, the peak of the growing season does not occur at the same time, with a peak in August for field experiments and July for remote sensing approaches.
EGMS: a New Copernicus Service for Ground Motion Mapping and Monitoring
Authors: Costantini Mario , Minati Federico , Trillo Francesco , Ferretti Alessandro , Passera Emanuele , Rucci Alessio , Dehls John , Larsen Yngvar , Marinkovic Petar , Eineder Michael , Brcic Ramon , Siegmund Robert , Kotzerke Paul , Kenyeres Ambrus , Proietti Sergio , Solari Lorenzo , Andersen Henrik
Published: March 2022

Satellite interferometric SAR (InSAR) has demonstrated to be a powerful technology to perform millimeter-scale precision measurements of ground motions. The European Ground Motion Service (EGMS), funded by the European Commission as an essential element of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS), constitutes the first application of the InSAR technology to high-resolution monitoring of ground deformations over an entire continent, based on full-resolution processing of all Sentinel-1 (S1) satellite acquisitions over most of Europe (Copernicus Participating States).

Upscaling from existing national precursor services to pan-European scale is challenging. EGMS employs the most advanced persistent scatterer (PS) and distributed scatterer (DS) InSAR processing algorithms, and adequate techniques to ensure seamless harmonization between the Sentinel-1 tracks. Moreover, within EGMS, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) high-quality 50 km grid model is realized, in order to tie the InSAR products to the geodetic reference frame ETRF2014.

The millimeter-scale precision measurements of ground motions provided by EGMS will enable mapping and monitoring of landslides, subsidence and earthquake or volcanic phenomena all over Europe, and the stability of slopes, mining areas, buildings and infrastructures. The first release of EGMS products will be in March 2022, with annual updates to follow.

To foster as wide usage as possible, EGMS foresees tools for visualization, exploration, analysis and download of the ground deformation products, as well as elements to promote best practice applications and user uptake.

The new European geospatial dataset provided by EGMS will hopefully also stimulate the development of value-added products/services for the analysis and monitoring of ground motions and stability of structures based on InSAR measurements, as well as other InSAR products with higher spatial and/or temporal resolution.

This work will describe all the qualifying points of EGMS. Particular attention will be paid to the characteristics and the accuracy of the realized products, ensured in such a huge production by advanced algorithms and quality checks.

In addition, many examples of EGMS products will be shown to discuss the great potential and the (few) limitations of EGMS for mapping and monitoring landslides, subsidence and earthquake or volcanic phenomena, and the related stability of slopes, buildings and infrastructures.
Assessing the consistency of institutional pathways with the Paris Agreement 
Authors: Ganti Gaurav , J. Brecha Robert , D. Lamboll Robin , Nicholls Zebedee , Hare Bill , Lewis Jared , Meinshausen Malte , Schaeffer Michiel , J. Smith Christopher , J. Gidden Matthew
Published: March 2022

Scientifically rigorous guidance to policy makers on mitigation options for meeting the Paris Agreement long-term temperature goal requires an evaluation of long-term global-warming implications of greenhouse gas emissions pathways. Here, we present a uniform and transparent methodology to evaluate the climate outcome, and hence the Paris Agreement consistency of influential institutional emission scenarios from the grey literature, including those from the International Energy Agency1,2, BP3, and Shell4. We first identify challenges to performing such an assessment and then proceed to outline a sequence of steps to address these challenges by harmonizing5 all emissions to a consistent base-year (2010), extending all pathways to 2100, and filling in missing emission species6. We employ two simple climate models, MAGICC7 and FaIR8,9 to assess peak and end-of-century temperatures, and find that few published scenarios that claim to be compatible with the Paris Agreement are so.

 

References

 1. International Energy Agency. World Energy Outlook 2020. (2020).

2. International Energy Agency. Net Zero by 2050 - A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. (2021).

3. BP. Global Energy Outlook 2020. (2020).

4. Shell. The Energy Transformation Scenarios. (2021) 

5. Gidden, M. J. et al. A methodology and implementation of automated emissions harmonization for use in Integrated Assessment Models. Environ. Model. Softw. 105, 187–200 (2018)

6. Lamboll, R. D., Nicholls, Z. R. J., Kikstra, J. S., Meinshausen, M. & Rogelj, J. Silicone v1.0.0 : an open-source Python package for inferring missing emissions data for climate change research. Geosci. Model Dev 13, 5259–5275 (2020)

7. Meinshausen, M., Raper, S. C. B. & Wigley, T. M. L. Emulating coupled atmosphere-ocean and carbon cycle models with a simpler model, MAGICC6 - Part 1: Model description and calibration. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 1417–1456 (2011).

8. Smith, C. J. et al. FAIR v1.3: A simple emissions-based impulse response and carbon cycle model. Geosci. Model Dev. 11, 2273–2297 (2018)

9. Millar, J. R., Nicholls, Z. R., Friedlingstein, P. & Allen, M. R. A modified impulse-response representation of the global near-surface air temperature and atmospheric concentration response to carbon dioxide emissions. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 17, 7213–7228 (2017).
Calcareous nannoplankton community composition across multiple early Eocene hyperthermal events at International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Site U1553 (Campbell Plateau, SW Pacific)
Authors: Jones Heather , Niederbockstruck Bryan , Röhl Ursula ,   IODP Expedition 378 Scientists
Published: March 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are rapidly rising leading to warmer oceans, surface ocean acidification, and complex changes in marine biogeochemical cycling. Calcareous nannoplankton: single-celled marine haptophytes, are likely particularly susceptible to such environmental changes, because they form microscopic plates made out of calcium carbonate (calcite). As these organisms lie at the base of the marine food web, it is critical that we understand how they respond to climate change over longer (millennial) timescales so that we can better predict the long-term effects of current and future environmental change on marine communities.

The high CO2 world of the early Eocene (~56 to 48 Ma) is characterized by multiple transient warming events (‘hyperthermals’), and is generally considered to be one of the best geologic analogues for future climate change. Here, we present preliminary, low-resolution calcareous nannoplankton assemblage data from the early Eocene of recently-drilled IODP Site U1553 (Campbell Plateau) in the South Pacific Ocean. Sediment cores recovered from Holes C and D at Site U1553 provide arguably one of the most complete and expanded early Eocene records yet from this relatively understudied region, including many of the previously recognized hyperthermals. This coupled with the high calcium carbonate content of the sediments, makes it an ideal case study for exploring millennial-scale changes in calcareous nannoplankton community composition and morphometry during transient warming events.

Within this presentation, we predominantly focus on the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM): the largest and best-studied of the early Eocene hyperthermals. Our results suggest that the turnover in nannoplankton species during this warming event was very similar to that observed at other southern high latitude sites such as Maud Rise. More minor ecological ‘jostling’ appears to have occurred prior to the onset of the PETM and following the event; however, the significance of these smaller changes in community composition have yet to be statistically analyzed at the time of writing. It is our aim to combine our assemblage counts with morphometric data to determine whether calcareous nannoplankton acted as a source or sink of carbon dioxide during the early Eocene hyperthermal events. We will also extend our dataset to include several of the smaller hyperthermals that succeeded the PETM, to elucidate whether calcareous nannoplankton exhibit a scaled or threshold response to warming.
Simulating and multi-step reforecasting real-time reservoir operation using combined neural network and distributed hydrological model
Authors: Wannasin Chanoknun , Brauer Claudia , Uijlenhoet Remko , Torfs Paul , Weerts Albrecht
Published: March 2022

Reservoirs and dams are essential infrastructures for human utilization and management of water resources; yet modelling real-time reservoir operation and controlled reservoir outflow remains a challenge. Artificial intelligence techniques, especially machine learning and deep learning, have become increasingly popular in hydrological forecasting, including reservoir operation. In this study, we applied a recurrent neural network (RNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) to model the reservoir operation and outflow of a large-scale multi-purpose reservoir at the real-time (daily) timescale. This study aims to investigate the capabilities of RNN and LSTM models in simulating and reforecasting the real-time reservoir outflow, considering the uncertainties in model inputs, model training-testing periods, and different model algorithms. The Sirikit reservoir in Thailand was selected as a case study. The main inputs for the RNN and LSTM models were daily reservoir inflow, daily storage, and the month of the year. We applied the distributed wflow_sbm model for reservoir inflow simulation (using MSWEP precipitation data) and ensemble inflow reforecasting (using ECMWF precipitation data). Daily reservoir storage was obtained from observations and real-time recalculation based on the reservoir water balance. The models were trained and tested with 10-fold cross-validation. Results show that both RNN and LSTM models have high accuracies for real-time simulations and reasonable accuracies for multi-step reforecasts, and that LSTM exhibits better model performance in forecasting mode. The performance varied between each cross-validation, being highly related to the extreme events included in either training or test period. With further understanding of the reservoir inflow uncertainty influences on reservoir operation, we conclude that the models can be potentially applicable in real-time reservoir operation and decision-making for operational water management.
4Map4Health: Forest Structure Mapping and Tree Species Classification using Laser Scanning Data for Bark Beetle Risk Assessment
Authors: Chen Yi-Chen , Hollaus Markus , Netherer Sigrid , Surový Peter , Hyyppä Juha
Published: March 2022

Forests have high economic and ecological importance. Forest fires and insects (bark beetles in particular) are important disturbance agents putting at risk forest health (resilience). Accurate tree structure metrics and species information are important parameters for forest resources and inventory management. Yet, in many cases this information is not available with adequate spatial and temporal resolution.

The 4Map4Health project aims to explore the future multitemporal and multispectral laser scanning data in terms of forest application, especially for mapping of the forest health status, tree species, and forest fire risk. Recent studies indicate that multispectral airborne lidar is a useful and meaningful tool to assess moisture of canopies, which is correlated to forest health and susceptibility to disturbance. By means of multitemporal remote sensing data and machine learning, tree species information at individual tree level will be retrieved. During 2021 and Silvilaser 2021 benchmark event, laser scanning data from various platforms, as well as in situ data, have been collected at one of the test sites in eastern Austria. The preliminary outcomes show the high potential for deriving various forest structure parameters valuable for bark beetle risk assessment in addition to topographic and meteorological parameters. Furthermore, first tests show the high potential of ALS data as reference to train various regression models for the assessment of forest structural parameters from Sentinel-1 time series data with high temporal resolution, which can serve as essential input data within a bark beetle risk assessment framework.
Continuous monitoring of diffuse CO2 emission from Cumbre Vieja volcano: early evidences of magmatic CO2 surface arrival
Authors: Rodríguez-Pérez Claudia , Barrancos José , Hernández Pedro A. , Pérez Nemesio M. , Padrón Eleazar , Melián Gladys V , Rodríguez Fátima , Asensio-Ramos María , Padilla Germán D.
Published: March 2022

Cumbre Vieja volcano is the last stage in the geological evolution of La Palma Island (Canarian Archipelago, Spain). The volcanic activity of La Palma has taken place exclusively in Cumbre Vieja in the last 123 ka, and has remained in volcanic quiescence in the last 50 years. After the occurrence of several seismic seismic swarms since 2017, a volcanic eruption began at Cumbre Vieja volcano on September 19, 2021, and resulted in the longest volcanic event since data are available on the island. The eruption lasted for 85 days and 8 hours and lava flows covered 1,219 hectares. As part of the volcano monitoring program of Cumbre Vieja, diffuse degassing of CO2 has been continuously monitored since 2005 at the southernmost part of Cumbre Vieja according to the accumulation chamber method. The monitoring site (LPA04) was selected because it shows anomalous diffuse CO2 degassing emission values with respect to the background values that had been measured in different surveys (Padrón et al., 2015). Meteorological and soil physical variables are also measured in an hourly basis and transmitted to ITER facilities about 150 Km far away. Since its installation, CO2 emissions ranged from non-detectable (<1.5 gm-2d-1) to 1,464.0 gm-2d-1. The time series was characterized by a strong variability in the measured values that are modulated mainly by the atmospheric and soil parameters. Soil moisture is the monitored parameter that explains the highest variability of the data, being the dry season (spring y summer) the period with the highest observed diffuse emission values. This behavior in the time series changed after 2017 as an increasing trend was observed in a good temporal agreement with the increase of seismic activity recorded. Diffuse CO2 emission values showed a sustained increase reaching maximum values (up to 890 gm-2d-1) before de eruption onset. The observed diffuse CO2 emissions trend in the LPA04 geochemical station was useful to record the arrival of magmatic CO2 due to the occurrence of an upward magma migration beneath La Palma Island that caused the 2021 eruptive event.

Padrón et al., (2015). Bull Volcanol 77:28. DOI 10.1007/s00445-015-0914-2
Cutting-edge tools for spring monitoring and groundwater system characterization in mountain environments
Authors: Mondani Michele , Gizzi Martina , Taddia Glenda , Lo Russo Stefano
Published: March 2022

Mountain aquifers represent one of the largest and most valuable water sources, necessary to meet the population's water needs. Over time, they have been threatened by huge anthropogenic exploitation activities, which are currently leading to the depletion of aquifers in many regions worldwide. Furthermore, the vulnerability of groundwater resources is rapidly increasing due to climate change, urbanization, massive industry production, intensive agriculture, and breeding.

Knowledge and forecasting about groundwater flow systems are required to guarantee proper management and territorial planning strategies, according to the mountain environmental evolution taking place. Besides, examining how groundwater storage mechanisms in different regions have changed in response to both climate-driven and anthropogenic effects is becoming increasingly crucial.

In remote alpine areas, continuous monitoring and data collection of springs’ hydrogeological parameters is still often hampered by technical and logistical problems. In these contexts, new automated techniques and tools need to be applied to monitor springs’ hydrogeological parameters, punctually understanding the dynamics of exhausting of the available groundwater resources.

The instrumentation and sensors complex, installed in correspondence with the Mascognaz spring basin (Aosta Valley, Italy) allows detailed analyses of the surface and underground groundwater system, recording continuously hydrogeological variables entering and leaving the spring recharge system. A cutting-edge weather station was here combined with a spring monitoring system through snowpack-hydrometeorological sensors installation. This setup, composed of a snow scale, ultrasonic and laser sensors for snow weight and snow depth reading, provides the possibility of a detailed study of the snow layer evolution during each season. Besides, a multiparametric probe allows water discharge, temperature and electric conductivity values detection.

The high quality of the data provided and the small-size basin features have permitted highlighting the variables affecting the system and standing out those are evolving in time. Besides, the relationship between changes in weather conditions and water availability can be defined by performing correlations between different hydrogeological and meteorological available data series.

The Mascognaz spring’s pilot site could be helpful as an example for other researchers and authorities who need to identify suitable instruments, sensors and methods to reconstruct the groundwater flow system and hydrogeological structure of a mountain basin.
Type III Bursts and Solar Energetic Particles
Authors: Krupar Vratislav , Szabo Adam , Kruparova Oksana , Richardson Ian , Martinez Oliveros Juan Carlos , Narock Ayris , Pasanen Jacob
Published: March 2022

Type III bursts are manifestations of energetic electrons associated with solar flares. Since propagation of radio waves in the interplanetary medium is strongly affected by random electron density fluctuations, interplanetary type III bursts provide us with a unique diagnostic tool for solar wind remote plasma measurements. We developed a type III burst automated recognition tool applicable to the Wind and STEREO measurements in order to build an extensive database of radio events. We compared parameters of radio bursts associated with solar energetic particles (SEPs). We investigate possible correlations between solar flares, type III bursts, and SEP events. We discuss possible capabilities of real-time interplanetary radio observations, including direction-finding, to enhance current SEP forecasting.
Automated Tracking of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in Norway
Authors: Abderhalden Jogscha , Rogozhina Irina
Published: March 2022

No continuously updated glacier and glacial lake inventories exist for Norway. Previous inventories have been developed for the time periods of 1947-1985, 1988-1997 and 1999-2006 for glaciers and 1988-1997, 1999-2006, 2014 and 2018 for glacial lakes, by manual digitization, and semi-automated mapping. However, these methods are both time consuming and do not allow for an analysis of glacial lake behaviour on shorter timescales or on a seasonal basis. Therefore, one aim of this study is to present consistent inventories for glaciers and glacial lakes in Norway using semi-automated mapping and machine learning techniques applied on satellite imagery of different spatial and temporal resolution (Landsat 30m, 16 days, and Sentinel 10m, 5 days). An automated method that allows frequent monitoring of glacier variables can provide essential knowledge for the understanding of glacial lake dynamics in a changing climate.

In addition to glacial lake inventories, smaller ice caps with active glacial lakes are investigated more closely, aiming at following the development of glacial lakes throughout seasons. Here we are also analyzing the suitability of PlanetScope imagery compared to the Sentinel and Landsat imagery to detect the known glacial lake outburst flood events and identify currently unrecognized hazard-prone glacial lakes. Since the field-based investigations of glacial lake changes (especially of the ice-dammed lakes) are sparse in Norway, developing methods for remote-sensed, automated monitoring of glacial lake changes and glacial lake outburst floods is essential in order to develop early warning systems, detect potentially hazardous lakes and prevent human losses and damages to infrastructure and local businesses.
Relationships between clouds and circulation in reanalyses and climate models
Authors: Hill Peter , Holloway Chris
Published: March 2022

Cloud feedbacks remain the dominant source of uncertainty in climate model predictions of the surface warming response to increasing carbon dioxide. One cause of this uncertainty is the intimate coupling between clouds and circulation: cloud responses to circulation changes are poorly understood, the circulation changes are themselves uncertain, and the potential for changes in cloud to further influence circulation contributes further uncertainty.

Motivated by the need to better understand the coupling between clouds and circulation, this presentation describes the relationship between cloud radiative effects and circulation regime (based on vertical velocity at 500 hPa) over the tropical Pacific Ocean. Based on a combination of vertical velocity from state-of-the-art reanalyses with satellite radiation measurements, we examine how the relationship between cloud and circulation changes with spatial and temporal scale, season, and ENSO index. We then examine whether these relationships are reproduced in a range of models, ranging from high resolution idealised cloud resolving simulations to the latest CMIP6 climate simulations.
Shock Motion and Ion Acceleration at Current Sheets Downstream of the Bow Earth’ s Bow Shock.
Authors: Kucharek Harald , Schwartz Steven J , Gingell Imogen , Farrugia Charles , Trattner Karlheinz J
Published: March 2022

At the Earth’s bow shock, most of the solar wind’s kinetic energy is partitioned into wave energy, particle acceleration, and heating. Very recent publications provide strong evidence that current sheets at the shock ramp region and downstream participate in the thermalization of the solar wind plasma. Their occurrence varies from single to multiple current sheets. What role do they play in downstream thermalization and ion acceleration?

We studied multiple bow shock crossings into the magnetosheath by the MMS spacecraft with its sophisticated instrumentation, characterizing and quantifying the occurrence of these current sheets, the associated magnetic field wave turbulence, and ion acceleration downstream of the shock. Shock traversals during increasing Mach number/dynamic pressure showed higher wave activity and broader distribution functions with suprathermal tails. Much less suprathermal ions downstream of the shock are observed at shock crossings during decreasing Mach numbers. These MMS observations show that current sheets and field gradients are associated with ion acceleration. The associated turbulence is likely a mediator for energy partition. With increasing Mach numbers, the bow shock moves away from the Sun and compresses the magnetosheath that favours reconnection of currents sheets, stronger electric field gradients and thus ion acceleration. With decreasing Mach numbers, the bow shock moves towards the Sun, becomes blunter, and the sheath region relaxes, making reconnecting current sheets less likely and smoothens field gradients resulting in less acceleration.
Bankfull parameters of meandering rivers in long term average state
Authors: Bonanomi Riccardo , Tubino Marco
Published: March 2022

In the last two decades several models have been proposed to analyse the evolutionary trajectories of meandering rivers (e.g., Seminara et al., 2001; Camporeale et al, 2007; Frascati et al., 2009; Frascati & Lanzoni, 2013; Eke et al., 2014; Bogoni et al., 2017; Monegaglia et al., 2019). These models are based on the assumption that channel migration, which is locally driven by the differential excess of flow speed at the banks, is globally governed by the average bankfull geometry. Previous studies suggest that bankfull parameters strongly affect meander development. More specifically, the planform shape depends on the width ratio falling below or above a resonant threshold: sub-resonant meanders are typically downstream skewed, while super-resonant meanders exhibit upstream skewed loops and are prone to evolving much faster. Therefore, the model adopted to define, at each time step, the variation of bankfull parameters fundamentally affects the morphodynamic regime of meanders. A common strategy to initialize the simulations and to set the reference values of bankfull parameters is the use of a quasi-straight configuration. This is a legitimate way to obtain a fully developed meandering planimetry; however, this initial configuration is often used in conjunction with bankfull parameters derived from field data, which implies that the values of the external independent variables, water discharge and sediment supply, that characterize the simulated configuration are similar between such initial state and the fully developed one. However, when combined with the widely adopted assumption that the channel slope must decrease proportionally to meander elongation, this leads to significant variations of bankfull parameters, with a dramatic drop of the transport capacity, as the channel length can increase by two-four times. Therefore, the values of bankfull parameters of the statistical steady-state that the system eventually achieves in long-term simulations (Camporeale et al., 2008; Bogoni et al., 2017) can be quite different from those selected as initial reference values, which may lead to simulating unrealistic evolutionary scenarios and shifts of the morphodynamical regime. However, such a strong variation of bankfull parameters must be viewed as a gimmick introduced by the initial quasi-straight configuration. Based on these considerations, results of long-term simulation need to be revisited taking the bankfull parameters of the statistical steady-state as reference values.

In our work we analyze planimetry features, such as the sinuosity, and their oscillations, when we vary these bankfull parameters. Moreover, we look into the dependency on the aspect ratio of the fully developed state to better understand how super or sub-resonant regime affects the planimetrical configuration.
Measuring turbulence in a natural boundary layer using a field-based particle tracking velocimetry system
Authors: Swann Christy , Gray Callum , Braithwaite Edward , Key Charles , Trimble Sarah , Kelley Madeline
Published: March 2022

Existing aeolian transport models often fail in field environments. The discrepancy between models and prediction has been attributed to inadequate field measurements and uncertainty in the general knowledge of the fundamental physical processes (turbulence) driving sand transport. The main challenges of measured and modeled aeolian transport include (1) coarse resolution measurements (relative to fluid-grain scale physics) made with obtrusive instrumentation that disrupt natural fluid and sediment flow, (2) an inadequate understanding of the fundamental physical relationships between turbulence and sediment transport, and (3) the inability of aeolian transport models, derived from wind-tunnel observations, to simulate natural boundary layer processes at the appropriate field scales (mm - cm).

Here, we introduce F-PTV, a Field-based Particle Tracking Velocimetry system. The field-based system is capable of providing the first unobtrusive measurements of turbulence and the resulting sand transport by wind in a field environment and consists of 3 integral components: (1) an illuminated volume, (2) neutrally-buoyant seeding material in the form of helium bubbles, and (3) 4 high speed cameras. The 527 nm laser and 4, high-resolution, high-frame rate cameras are mounted on rigid frames to be deployed on the subaerial beach. The laser beam is directed to the surface through a fiber-to-volume optics collimator at a height of 2.23 m and directs a defocused beam vertically down to create an ellipsoidal cone of light over the sampling area. At 1200 frames per second, the cameras capture the scattered light from helium bubbles and sand particles passing through the illuminated volume, enabling us to track individual helium bubbles and sand grains. The F-PTV system has the capability to provide the first unobtrusive observations of turbulence and transport in a field environment.
Barystatic and steric sea level variations in the Baltic Sea by GRACE/GRACE FO mascon solutions, satellite altimetry, and in situ measurements
Authors: Agha Karimi Armin , Ghobadi-Far Khosro
Published: March 2022

The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed basin in northern Europe that is connected to the North Sea through the Danish Strait. We have deployed three datasets to study the barystatic and steric sea level changes in the basin. GRACE/GRACE FO mascon solutions of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), CSR – University of Texas at Austin, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) are used to examine the barystatic sea level in the Baltic Sea. Additionally, salinity and temperature at different depths have been monitored continuously in the basin since 1995, providing profiles to estimate the steric sea level variation.

Hydrological leakage is an inevitable factor of GRACE-derived barystatic time series in proximity of land-water transition zones, despite all efforts to minimize it. Thus, we also used the total sea level, measured by satellite altimetry, minus steric sea level as an independent measure to evaluate the barystatic sea level from mascon solutions. Satellite altimetry measurements of the basin are extensively processed and retracked, thanks to the BalticSEAL project. North Atlantic Oscillation index, a driver of sea level variation in the basin, is also compared to sea level components.

Multiresolution analysis of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform is deployed for temporal decomposition of the time series to annual, internannual, and decadal components. Despite overall agreement among mascon solutions on annual and internannual scales, there are notable differences in amplitudes and variations. The data provided by NASA-JPL shows the lowest root mean square (RMS) when it is compared to the total sea level acquired from satellite altimetry. The RMS is further reduced by 4% to 8% when steric sea level is added to three mascon solutions.
Forecasting hurricane-forced significant wave heights using a long short-term memory network in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: Bethel Brandon J. , Sun Wenjin , Dong Changming , Wang Dongxia
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is
proposed to predict hurricane-forced significant wave heights (SWHs) in the
Caribbean Sea (CS) based on a dataset of 20 CS, Gulf of Mexico, and western
Atlantic hurricane events collected from 10 buoys from 2010–2020. SWH
nowcasting and forecasting are initiated using LSTM on 0, 3, 6, 9, and
12 h horizons. Through examining study cases Hurricanes Dorian (2019),
Sandy (2012), and Igor (2010), results illustrate that the model is well
suited to forecast hurricane-forced wave heights much more
rapidly at a significantly cheaper computational cost compared to
numerical wave models, with much less required expertise. Forecasts are
highly accurate with regards to observations. For example, Hurricane Dorian
nowcasts had correlation (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean
absolute percentage error (MAPE) values of 0.99, 0.16 m, and 2.6 %,
respectively. Similarly, on the 3, 6, 9, and 12 h forecasts, results
produced R (RMSE; MAPE) values of 0.95 (0.51 m; 7.99 %), 0.92 (0.74 m;
10.83 %), 0.85 (1 m; 13.13 %), and 0.84 (1.24 m; 14.82 %),
respectively. In general, the model can provide accurate predictions within
12 h (R≥0.8) and errors can be maintained at under 1 m within
6 h of forecast lead time. However, the model also consistently
overpredicted the maximum observed SWHs. From a comparison of LSTM with a
third-generation wave model, Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN), it was
determined that when using Hurricane Dorian as a case example, nowcasts were
far more accurate with regards to the observations. This demonstrates that
LSTM can be used to supplement, but perhaps not replace, computationally
expensive numerical wave models for forecasting extreme wave heights. As
such, addressing the fundamental problem of phase shifting and other errors
in LSTM or other data-driven forecasting should receive greater scrutiny
from Small Island Developing States. To improve models results, additional
research should be geared towards improving single-point LSTM neural network
training datasets by considering hurricane track and identifying the
hurricane quadrant in which buoy observations are made.
IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CYNICISM ON TURNOVER INTENTION: MEDIATION BY WORK ALIENATION
Authors: SEZGİLİ Konuralp , YILMAZ Sıdıka Ece
Published: March 2022

Negative behaviors in the workplace affect well-being in the work environment. Organizational cynicism is frequently researched as one of the common negative behaviors in organizations. Individuals who experience cynicism may have turnover intentions. In addition, another negative concept closely related to turnover intention is work alienation. It is widely accepted that work alienation has a significant effect on turnover intention. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational cynicism on turnover intention and to determine whether work alienation plays a role in this relationship. The research findings show that organizational cynicism has a significant and positive effect on turnover intention. In addition, there is a statistically significant relationship between organizational cynicism and work alienation. Finally, a partial mediating effect of job alienation was also found. The study of negative organizational behavior will help to better understand the challenges of modern organizations and contribute to the literature.
Escala de Adherencia Terapéutica para tratamiento de Cáncer de Mama (EAT-CaMa): Una evaluación multidimensional
Authors: Galindo Vázquez Oscar , Mendoza-Contreras Luis Alberto , Penedo Frank J. , Bobadilla Alcaraz Rogelio , Bargalló Rocha Enrique
Published: March 2022

Introducción: La adherencia terapéutica es un aspecto clave en el éxito del tratamiento en oncología, sin embargo, su medición es un reto dentro del sistema de salud. Asimismo, no se tienen escalas especificas validas o construidas para evaluar la adherencia en pacientes con cáncer de mama. Objetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Adherencia Terapéutica al Cáncer de Mama (EAT-CaMa). Método: Se empleó un diseño no experimental, instrumental con un muestreo no probabilístico. Se incluyeron 189 participantes con diagnóstico de CaMa entre 21 y 84 años. Análisis estadísticos: Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y consistencia interna. Resultados: La EATCaMa de 27 reactivos, obtuvo una consistencia interna global α= 0,81 y una varianza explicada del 64%. Se identificaron factores de autoeficacia y comunicación médico paciente, así como varios indicadores. Conclusión: El EAT-CaMa es un instrumento breve, válido y confiable para la evaluación multidimensional de la adherencia al tratamiento en población con CaMa. La estructura factorial identificada corrobora componentes reportados en la literatura y clínicamente relevantes. Se recomienda su uso en la atención clínica (inicio y seguimiento del tratamiento) y en investigación.
PENGARUH MACAM JARAK TANAM JAJAR LEGOWO DAN DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK KOTORAN AYAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PADI
Authors: Amiroh Ana , Ilmi Nasrul , Kusumawati Dian Eka
Published: March 2022

tion. One of the efforts to evercome the problem of rice dependence is by adjusting the spacing and giving thr right dose of organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of orgaic fertilizer dosage and spacing on rice growth and production. This research was conducted in Solokuro Villlage, Solokuro Sub-ditrict, Lamongan Regency in April-June 2021. This research was conducted using a factorial randomized block design method consisting of two factors, namely types of organic fertilizers and spacing. The observed parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, wet grain weight  and 1000 seeds wheught. From the results of research that has been carried out on the treatment of doses of organic chicken fertilizer doses of spacing on the growth and production of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) it can be concluded that; There was an interaction with the observation of the number of tassels aged 75 day. There were significant differences in the single treatment of planting distance on the parameters of height observation of plants aged 21, 28, 35 and 42 hst, the number of tillers aged 14, 21 and 28 HST, and the number of tillers aged 42 HST and the number of panicles at the age of 68 and 82 HST, And there was no significant difference in the observation of plant height at 7 DAP, 14 DAP, the number of tillers at 7 DAP, the number of panicles at 61 DAP and 1000 seeds dry weight, wet grain weight and dry grain weight. And the best results were obtained in the treatment of 25 x 25 x 40 cm spacing and 10 tons/ha of chicken manure.
Analisis Pemahaman Petani Desa Sawaran Kulon Terhadap Penggunaan Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik
Authors: Sudarti Sudarti , Hasanah Alfiatun
Published: March 2022

Kebutuhan pangan yang menjadi prioritas utama dalam kehidupan mempunyai keterlibatan dengan lingkup pertanian sebagai produsen. Kualitas dan kuantitas yang baik sangat diperlukan bagi masyarakat dan petani itu sendiri, sehingga pemahaman petani mengenai penggunaan pupuk yang mempengaruhi keadaan struktur tanah sebagai media tumbuh tanaman diperlukan kategori yang tergolong baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganilisis pemahaman para petani desa sawaran kulon terhadap penggunaan pupuk organik dan anorganik, agar mereka mengetahui perbedaan antara keduanya dan mana yag baik untuk diterapkan sehingga dapat terhindar dari dampak-dampak yang tidak diharapkan seperti kuantitas panen yang terus turun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu survei  dengan mengunjungi lokasi persawahan milik petani di Desa Sawaran Kulon dengan pengambilan data menggunakan wawancara disertai kuesioner terhadap 30 orang petani yang berumur 40 tahun dan selebihnya. Data penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemahaman petani  Desa Sawaran Kulon Terhadap  penggunaan pupuk organik tergolong baik karena sudah memahami manfaat pupuk terhadap kondisi tanah yang subur untuk tanaman dengan pengaplikasian 3 hari sekali. Sedangkan pemahaman penggunaan pupuk anorganik tergolong buruk dan kebanyakan petani melihat manfaatnya secara jangka pendek seperti pupuk anorganik cepat menyuburkan tanah dengan hasil tanaman yang lebih cepat tumbuh, namun pengaplikasiannya tergolong baik sebanyak sebulan sekali tidak sesering pupuk organik.
KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA PADA DEBAT PUBLIK PILBUP KABUPATEN GRESIK TAHUN 2020
Authors: Candra Khakikiyatul Dwi , Markub Markub , Lestari Laila Tri
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini berujuan untuk mendeskripsikan prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dan strategi kesantunan berbahasa pada debat publik pilbup Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskritif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tututan yang mengandung prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dan strategi kesantunan berbahasa pada debat publik pilbup Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa video debat publik pilbup Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020. Pengumpulan data pada penilitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi, teknik simak, dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian, yaitu mencermati kembali lembar korpus data, menganalisis prinsip kesantunan berbahasa dan strategi kesantunan berbahasa dalam dialog debat publik pilbup Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020, dan menyimpulkan hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan peneliti pada debat publik pilbup Kabupaten Gresik tahun 2020 telah ditemukan penggunaan kesantunan berbahasa yaitu prinsip kesantunan dan strategi kesantunan berbahasa. Prinsip kesantunan yang ditemukan meliputi nilai kearifan/kebijaksanaan, nilai kedermawanan, dan nilai kesepakatan. Sedangkan strategi kesantunan yang digunakan meliputi strategi kesantunan negatif dan strategi kesantunan positif.
Program Literasi Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Soft Skill Siswa di MA Jabal Noer Taman Sidoarjo
Authors: . Mufaizah , Muthoharoh Uswatun Nurul
Published: March 2022

Madrasah Aliyah Jabal Noer Taman Sidoarjo adalah sekolah yangberbasis pesantren dan memiliki ruang lingkup gerak yang terbatas, namun sekolah ini mampu membentuk siswa yang unggul melalui program literasi sekolah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan soft skill yang dimiliki oleh setiap siswa sehingga mampu membina siswa untuk menjadi peserta didik yang unggul dalam segala hal. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan program literasi sekolah di MA Jabal Noer Taman Sidoarjo, untuk mengetahui peningkatan soft skill siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan membuat depenelitian mengenai situasi atau kejadian secara alami dan nyata terjadi di lingkungan objek penelitian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi dengan narasumber kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, kepala program literasi dan siswa. Hasil penelitian tentang penerapan program literasi sekolah dalam meningkatkan soft skill siswa di MA Jabal Noer Taman Sidoarjo adalah program literasi sekolah diterapkan melalui tiga tahap yakni pembiasaan dalam membaca, tahap pengembangan soft skill dari masing-masing siswa, dan tahap pembelajaran yang mengaitkan program literasi sekolah dengan mata pelajaran pada pagelaran seni budaya, pentas seni literasi dan lain sebagainya. Penerapan program literasi sekolah ini berdampak dapat peningkatan soft skill siswa yakni kemampuan berkomunikasi, kerja sama tim, dan keterampilan kepemimpinan.