bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN SMART CONTRACT DALAM PERSPEKTIF ASAS KEBEBASAN BERKONTRAK
Authors: Andini Eka Budiyanto
Published: February 2024

Smart contracts as a blockchain-based technological innovation invite juridical analysis in the context of the principle of freedom of contract. This research examines the impact of the use of smart contracts on the principle of freedom of contract, which emphasizes the rights and obligations of parties entering into an agreement or contract to determine the terms of the agreement without interference from third parties. Smart contracts provide the possibility of automating contract execution, increasing efficiency and transparency. The displacement of a notary as an official authorized to ratify a deed of agreement or contract raises big questions in this smart contract. Juridical analysis focuses on how these technologies affect the balance between freedom of contract and legal protection against breach of contract. If a contract breach occurs at a later date, will it give rise to legal consequences if it harms one of the parties and what protection can be given to the party who feels disadvantaged? The aspect of legal uncertainty regarding the existence of smart contracts is highlighted in this research, taking into account the complexity of law enforcement and protecting the rights of those making agreements or contracts. This study is interesting to discuss because technology is increasingly developing into the realm of law, but the problem is how the law itself responds to these technological changes. Will the law facilitate or even reject it? In essence, the use of smart contracts opens up new but challenging opportunities in understanding the role of the principle of freedom of contract in the era of advanced technology. Evolving legal and regulatory implications are a critical focus for ensuring continuity between technological innovation and the legal principles underlying it.
TANGGUNG JAWAB HUKUM DALAM PERJANJIAN PEMINJAMAN
Authors: Himmatul Aliyah
Published: February 2024

Loan agreement is a legal contract involving a lender and a borrower. This paper discusses the legal responsibilities arising within the context of a loan agreement. In this agreement, the lender has an obligation to provide funds or items to be borrowed, while the borrower is responsible for repaying the loan in accordance with the agreed-upon terms. The legal responsibilities of the lender encompass aspects such as providing honest and transparent information regarding loan terms, as well as safeguarding the security and integrity of the borrowed assets. On the other hand, the borrower is expected to comply with applicable regulations and repay the loan in accordance with the agreement, including the payment of any agreed-upon interest. This article also explores the legal implications when breaches occur in a loan agreement, whether by the lender or the borrower. The analysis involves concepts of accountability, legal sanctions, and dispute resolution efforts. Understanding the legal responsibilities in a loan agreement is crucial for all parties involved to carry out the agreement with integrity and compliance with the applicable laws.
Analisis Pemanipulasian Perjanjian Pinjam Meminjam Uang oleh Rentenir Terhadap Masyarakat
Authors: Arnold Situmorang
Published: February 2024

This study examines, firstly, the manipulation or misuse of money lending and borrowing agreements by loan sharks to the community. Second, namely the efforts made when there is a default on a money lending and borrowing agreement by loan sharks to the community. Debts and loans or borrowing and borrowing money are something that never ends, this is related to loan sharks and consumer borrowers, especially in terms of manipulation or abuse of circumstances carried out by loan sharks so that consumers want to borrow money from loan sharks but at high interest rates. This research is included in the type of library research using primary and secondary legal materials.
Penyalahgunaan Paksaan sebagai Dasar Pembatalan Perjanjian
Authors: Syamsul Arifin  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

The agreement in the formation of the agreement should be a unanimous agreement and a favorable agreement. The Civil Code governs the legal provisions of the agreement, the legal terms of the agreement, the result of an agreement and the interpretation of the agreement. The civil law/common low legal system has different main rules regarding duress (dwang/duress). Coercion can be absolute (absolute) and relative coercion. Absolute coercion means that the subject of the agreement in this case is placed in a position of no other choice or placed in a position of having to accept the agreement. While relative coercion still provides an opportunity for one who is forced to consider accepting or rejecting the agreement. A threat can occur or be carried out using legal or illegal means or means. In this study, we try to analyze the validity of agreements and legal consequences of agreements containing coercion (dwang/duress) according to the civil law system (Indonesian Civil Code) in treaties.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI DEBITUR TERHADAP KASUS PINJAMAN ONLINE DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Sabrina Mina Nurrahmah  , Al Hambra Bilal Makayasa
Published: February 2024

Financial Technology (Fintech) adalah bentuk dari kemajuan teknologi yang memudahkan masyarakat dalam bertransaksi secara online termasuk dalam kegiatan perjanjian pinjam meminjam secara online yang berbasis peer to peer lending, masalah timbul ketika dalam kasus ini Debitur melakukan wanprestasi sehingga kasus pelanggaran hak-hak konsumen yang dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha (kreditur) kerap kali terjadi dalam prosedur penagihannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif normatif yang memfokuskan kajian pada peraturan hukum yang menggunakan literatur sebagai konsep, teori serta pendapat para ahli hukum pada permasalahan yang dianalisis. Perlindungan hukum bagi debitur terhadap kasus pinjaman online jika ditinjau dari hukum perlindungan konsumen digolongkan menjadi 2 (dua) yakni perlindungan hukum preventif dan represif dalam regulasi Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen.
PEMINJAMAN NAMA ORANG LAIN DALAM KEPEMILIKAN SERTIFIKAT TANAH
Authors: Sherli Oktafia Dewi
Published: February 2024

Dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat sehari hari, manusia tidak dapat terlepas dari sebuah perbuatan hukum. Manusia sebagai subjek hukum sering melakukan pengikatan diri dengan orang lain, yang salah satunya bisa saja dengan sebuah transaksi. Pengikatan diri dalam sebuah transaksi ini merupakan sebuah kesepakatan yang terjadi antra pihak didalam sebuah perjanjian untuk dapat mencapai tujuan tertentu, yang disebut dengan perjanjian. Tetapi pada umumnya masyarakat luas tidak terlalu memahami akan arti pentignya sebuah perjanjian. Perjanjian sangat penting dalam sebuah transaksi apapun, dimana didalam perbuatan sebuah perjanjian tersebut juga perlu diperhatikan syarat – syarat bagaimana sahnya sebuah perjanjian.
Analisis Aspek Hukum Perjanjian Waralaba (Franchise) Dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata
Authors: Moh. Adam sugiono  , Sayyidah Dewi Hasanah  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

Currently, franchise business schemes are being widely used in society. Franchising, as a form of business investment, requires clear regulations to protect the rights and obligations of the parties involved. The main aim of this research is to provide a more comprehensive view of the legal implications in the franchise business model. The method used is normative juridical. The results of this research found that the importance of understanding Article 1320 of the Civil Code is fundamental in upholding the validity of franchise agreements, where conformity with the law is the main basis. Regulations such as PP Number 42 of 2007 and Minister of Trade Regulation Number 12/M-Dag/Per/3/2006 provide more detailed guidance regarding procedures, rights, obligations and procedures for registering franchise businesses.
Pengaruh Perubahan Kebijakan Hukum Perseroan Terhadap Isu Keberlanjutan Bisnis
Authors: Pripta Putri Pertiwi  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze the impact of changes in company legal policies on business sustainability issues in the current business environment. The focus of the research is on legal policy aspects related to the company, by identifying the impact of these changes on sustainable business practices. Through document analysis and case studies, this research explores the implementation and impact of new legal policies on business sustainability practices. It is hoped that the research results will provide insight into how legal regulations influence company strategies in managing sustainability issues, including corporate social responsibility and environmental practices. The practical implications can help companies adapt strategies to regulatory changes, strengthening commitment to sustainable business practices amidst the dynamics of an ever-evolving business environment. In conclusion, changes in corporate legal policies can have a significant impact on business sustainability issues, and this research makes an important contribution to the understanding and adjustment of business practices in an era of regulatory change.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS IKLAN DI INSTAGRAM DALAM MENINGKATKAN BRAND AWARENESS
Authors: Novita Nilla Fauzia  , Qoni’ah Nur Wijayani
Published: February 2024

Advertising is a message or information that is used to promote certain goods or services to an audience or public. Advertising is one way of marketing media and promoting a product and service aimed at potential consumers. The purpose of advertising by companies is to influence or persuade the general public to be interested in the products being promoted. One of the popular social media that has become a promotional tool for marketing and advertising products and services is Instagram. Currently, Instagram has launched an advertising feature known as Instagram ads. So, advertising can build Brand Awareness, increase sales, and convince consumers to use these products and services. Advertising is more focused and aimed at the effectiveness of advertising on Instagram in increasing Brand Awareness. This research uses qualitative methods, with data collection techniques through observation. Increasing brand awareness through advertising on Instagram has the aim of getting as much attention as possible from users of the platform with the aim of getting recognition for its existence with the many social interactions that occur during its implementation. The research results show that Instagram advertising has a positive and significant influence on brand awareness. The implication of this research is the importance of using advertising on Instagram as a marketing strategy to increase brand awareness.
Emigracioni shqiptar pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore
Authors: Meta Beqir , Bello Hasan
Published: February 2024

Ky artikull ka si qëllim të trajtojë emigracionin shqiptar pas Luftës së Dytë Botërore. Ai ka në fokus jo vetëm emigracionin ekonomik, por dhe atë politik, grupimet, partitë dhe fraksionet e ndryshme që u krijuan ndërmjet tyre lidhur me qëndrimin ndaj regjimit komunist. Një aspekt tjetër që trajtohet në këtë artikull është raporti i emigracionit politik shqiptar me qeveritë dhe shtetet respektive, si dhe bashkëpunimi i tyre me to kundër regjimit komunist. Politika e qeverisë shqiptare ndaj emigracionit ekonomik dhe politik gjatë viteve të diktaturës është një këndvështrim tjetër që jemi përpjekur të trajtojmë në këtë artikull.
Viti 1967 – Historia e goditjes së organizuar mbi fenë dhe institucionet e saj
Authors: Papagjoni Erjon
Published: February 2024

Goditja që iu bë klerit dhe fesë nga PPSH-ja në vitin 1967 shkaktoi një traumë sociale e kombëtare të pashembullt. Përpjekja për t’i defaktorizuar ata nga impakti shpirtëror, moral e social që kishin, duke i paraqitur si pjesë të zvetënuara, irracionale dhe reaksionare të shoqërisë ishte pjesë e një politike konsekuente për dobësimin e faktorit fetar, e cila kulmoi me atë që u quajt “revolucionarizimi i mëtejshëm i jetës së vendit”. PPSH-ja e adresoi sulmin e saj në shkatërrimin e të gjitha institucioneve, tempujve dhe infrastrukturës së klerit.Lidershipi i saj nxiti e keqpërdori turmat e indoktrinuara ideologjikisht, kryesisht rininë shkollore, duke i dhënë lëvizjes në dukje formën e një shpërthimi spontan, por në të vërtetë e mirorganizuar. E paraqitur si lëvizje mbarëpopullore, e ngjashme për nga modeli me tubimet e gardistëve të kuq gjatë Revolucionit Kulturor në Kinë, ajo u orkestrua e gjitha nga PPSH-ja dhe drejtuesi i saj Enver Hoxha. Kjo lëvizje ishte në thelb politike. Ajo përfaqësonte, më së pari, goditjen e lirisë së ndërgjegjes si liri dhe e drejtë njerëzore, kushtetuese, e cila është mirëfilli e natyrës morale e shpirtërore.Ndalimi i ritualeve e kremtimeve fetare, i zakoneve që ishin rrënjëzuar nëpër shekuj, denoncimi i fesë dhe i klerikëve të saj si gjoja “reaksionarë”, poshtërimi i tyre, rrënimi i institucioneve të kultit, asgjësimi i inventarit të tyre, përveçse nxori në syprinë keqpërdorimin e njerëzve nga ana e pushtetit dhe kthimin e tyre në turma destruktive, mundësoi krijimin e kushteve edhe për institucionalizimin nga pikëpamja kushtetuese të ateizmit në vitin 1976, duke e shpallur Shqipërinë vendin e vetëm ateist në botë.
Midis dëbimit dhe asimilimit. Përpjekjet për shpërnguljen e shqiptarëve nga Kosova. Konventa turko-jugosllave e vitit 1938
Authors: Mehmeti Armend
Published: February 2024

Ngritja dhe forcimi i shtetit serb në gjysmën e parë të shek. XIX u shoqërua me zbatimin e projekteve dhe të politikave ekspansioniste, të cilat do të marrin një dimension më të theksuar gjatë gjysmës së parë të shek. XX. Projektet për një shtet të pastër etnik serb dhe dalje në Egje apo Adriatik u shoqëruan me pushtimin e trevave të banuara me shqiptarë dhe ndjekjen e një politike dëbimi apo shkombëtarizimi karshi vendësve. Në ndjekjen e këtij qëllimi qarqet politike dhe akademike serbe sajuan argumente të ndryshme, duke u thirrur në “të drejtën historike” të shtetit mesjetar serb. Shpërnguljet dhe politika serbe e spastrimit etnik të viseve shqiptare është një temë që gjerësisht është trajtuar nga historiografia shqiptare, por esenca e njëkohësisht risia e këtij punimi qëndron në faktin se shtjellimi dhe analizimi i këtij problemi bëhet me qasje ndërdisiplinore, në katër dimensione komplomentare të njëra-tjetrës: përpjekjet e pushtetit serb për shpërnguljen e shqiptarëve në masë, diskursi publik në Serbi, politikat turke të emigracionit dhe përpjekjet e shtetit shqiptar për të penguar shpërnguljen në masë. Punimi është hartuar sipas parimit kronologjik përmes metodave analizuese, dhe bazohet në materiale arkivore e literaturë nga provenienca shqiptare, jugosllave dhe turke.
The feasibility of creating a "mobile field of geography" in Farhangian University
Authors: Sharifinajafabadi Rasoul
Published: February 2024

Currently, geography education is done in the "fixed field of study course " method, the weaknesses of which are the uniformity of the teaching-learning environment and the tendency towards theoretical education. The purpose of this article is the feasibility of creating a new way of teaching geography under the title of "mobile field of study course" that can compensate for these weaknesses and become the brand of Farhangian University. In this study, the country of Iran is divided into 4 regions and it is suggested that undergraduate student-teachers spend each year of their education in one of these regions and conduct both theoretical and field studies in that region. In order to evaluate the feasibility of implementing this practical idea, a qualitative research method was used in the triangulation method. The statistical population includes student-teachers, professors, and managers of 8 girls' and boys' Branch of Farhangian University, who were teaching the geography department during the years 2018-2022. The statistical sample was selected using the non-probability snowball sampling method and the structured interview was continued until the data saturation stage with 18 student-teachers, 15 professors and 9 managers and qualitative analysis was done in the form of MAXQDA2008 software. Re-coding and participants' feedback have also been used to validate the data. Based on the findings of this study, increasing the educational efficiency and social growth of student-teachers is one of the most important opportunities and their family and transportation problems are one of the main obstacles in the way of implementing this plan. It is suggested that in parallel with the implementation of the current method, a course in the proposed method is also held and its results are compared.
The Impact Of Using 5G Technology In The Development Of Information Technology Applications
Authors: Abass Aloubade Yasir khudheyer
Published: February 2024

Our study aims To apply 5G technology in the fields of information technology, where the study includes the application of 5G technology in information technology applications and artificial intelligence applications, where an algorithm is created to determine the extent of development taking place in developing programs over the Internet and managing them remotely and controlling them as a result of the speed of 5G technology, which is equivalent to hundreds of times from previous technologies (4G / 3G / 2G) Heading over the advantages and disadvantages of using 5G technology, through the use of the algorithm, the extent of development is evaluated and the use of this evaluation in developing other areas of technology to create a technological environment that can be controlled remotely that carries out all electronic governance activities as well as multiple areas of life.
Penyuluhan Tentang Deteksi Dini Kanker Dan Pemeriksaan Sadari
Authors: Hartati Lilik , Wiwin Rohmawati  , Endang Sawitri  , Anna Uswatun Qoyyimah  , Marwanti Marwanti
Published: February 2024

Penyakit kanker merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak di dunia, dimana kanker sebagai penyebab kematian nomor 2 di dunia sebesar 13% setelah penyakit kardiovaskular. Para ahli memperkirakan bahwa 40% kanker dapat dicegah dengan mengurangi faktor risiko terjadinya kanker tersebut. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat untuk mencegah faktor risiko tersebut dan peningkatan program pencegahan dan penanggulangan yang tepat. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi wanita untuk melakukan deteksi dini kanker payudara yang bertujuan mendeteksi kanker sedini mungkin agar lebih mudah ditangani melalui Self Breast Examination atau pemeriksaan payudara sendiri, sering disingkat menjadi SADARI. Universitas Muhammadiyah Klaten memegang peranan dalam melakukan kegiatan tersebut sebagai salah satu bentuk kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi penyuluhan mengenai Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara dan pemeriksaan SADARI dengan menggunakan media leaflet dan demonstrasi
Association Between Belly Fat and Cardiovascular Disease: A Survey-Based Study
Authors: Khudayenoor  , Shahzeb  , Abbas Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Background: The escalating prevalence of obesity worldwide is intricately linked with numerous health complications, notably diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory issues, and mental health disorders. Abdominal obesity, in particular, stands out as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk, underpinning the need for detailed investigations to facilitate targeted interventions.
Objective: This research aimed to elucidate the relationship between abdominal obesity and the risk of cardiovascular disease, focusing on the roles played by waist circumference, socioeconomic factors, exercise habits, and biochemical markers in determining cardiovascular health.
Methods: This cross-sectional study, executed by the Cardiology Department at GKMC Swabi, analyzed data from a representative sample of 400 individuals recruited between January 5 and December 31, 2023. Participants were stratified by gender and waist size, undergoing evaluations for waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, lipid profiles, and physical fitness. Socioeconomic status was classified into low to middle, middle to high, and high. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25.0, with chi-square tests and odds ratios computed to ascertain statistical significances at a threshold of p<0.05.
Results: The investigation revealed that males with waist sizes ≥85 cm (n=20) had a mean waist circumference of 90.1±43.1 cm and BMI of 23.3±0.80 kg/m², whereas females in the same waist size category (n=30) reported mean values of 88.1±2.7 cm and 23.8±0.7 kg/m², respectively, indicating significant associations with increased cardiovascular risk (p<0.001 for all comparisons). Age analysis showed that individuals with central obesity were significantly older, with mean ages of 63.3±12.64 years for men and 63.9±4.5 years for women in the higher waist size groups, compared to their counterparts with smaller waist sizes (p<0.001). Socioeconomic analysis highlighted an inverse relationship between education level and obesity prevalence, particularly among women. Regular physical activity emerged as a significant protective factor, with individuals engaging in exercise 0-3 days per week showing a lower incidence of elevated waist sizes (p<0.001 for both genders). Adjusted odds ratios for age and BMI pointed to a complex interplay between abdominal obesity and CVD risk, influenced by gender and socioeconomic background.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the multifaceted relationship between abdominal obesity and cardiovascular disease risk, advocating for personalized treatment approaches that consider the intricate influences of socioeconomic status, lifestyle behaviors, and biological markers. The study underscores the importance of holistic strategies that promote lifestyle modification, socioeconomic improvement, and targeted clinical interventions to combat the cardiovascular sequelae of obesity.
Comparison of the Efficacy of Tazarotene 0.045% versus Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% Lotion for the Treatment of Scalp Psoriasis at Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi
Authors: Jabeen Nazia , Ghafoor Rabia , Asadullah Khadijah , Sanawar Parisa , Qadir Misbah Zari , Siddique Faiza Inam
Published: February 2024

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic, genetically determined inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythematous plaques with silvery scales, affecting about 2% of the global population. It significantly impacts patients' quality of life, encompassing physical, emotional, and psychosocial dimensions. While the use of topical corticosteroids (TCS) with tazarotene has shown benefits in plaque psoriasis treatment, limited data are available on the efficacy of combining halobetasol and tazarotene.
Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Tazarotene 0.045% cream (TAZ) versus Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% lotion (HP) for the treatment of scalp psoriasis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, providing insight into their comparative effectiveness and informing clinical decision-making.
Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted at the Dermatology Department of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from August 2022 to February 2023. Ninety participants with scalp psoriasis were recruited and randomly assigned to two groups: Group A (n=45) received Tazarotene 0.045% cream, and Group B (n=45) received Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% lotion, both applied once daily for 6 weeks. The primary outcome was the change in Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) score from baseline to week 6. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, focusing on descriptive statistics and inferential analyses to evaluate treatment efficacy.
Results: The study observed a significant reduction in IGA scores from baseline in both groups, with Group A (TAZ) showing a decrease from 3.89 ± 0.68 to 1.29 ± 0.62 and Group B (HP) from 3.87 ± 0.66 to 2.49 ± 0.62. The paired difference in IGA scores indicated a more pronounced improvement in the TAZ group (2.60 ± 0.75) compared to the HP group (1.37 ± 0.57), with significant differences between the groups (p<0.0001). Treatment success was observed in 82.2% of participants in the TAZ group compared to 51.1% in the HP group, with an odds ratio of 4.424 (95% CI: 1.690—11.578; p=0.002).
Conclusion: Tazarotene 0.045% cream demonstrates significantly greater efficacy in treating scalp psoriasis compared to Halobetasol Propionate 0.01% lotion. The findings suggest Tazarotene as a preferable treatment option for scalp psoriasis, offering a better therapeutic outcome.
Comparison of the Effects of Stretching and Splinting in Improving the Range of Motion and Functional Status for Prevention of Post-Burn Axillary Contracture
Authors: Munawar Raheel , Salik Sumbul , Maqbool Sania , Haider Rizwan , Tariq Tehreem , Saeed Arslan , Kanwal Tahmina , Khar Muhammad Noman , Khan Laila Niaz
Published: February 2024

Background: Burn injuries often lead to severe complications, including axillary contractures, which can significantly restrict shoulder movement and impact quality of life. The rehabilitation strategies for managing post-burn axillary contractures, particularly stretching and splinting, have been the subject of much research, given their potential to improve shoulder range of motion and functional status.
Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of stretching combined with splinting versus splinting alone on the range of motion and functional status in patients with post-burn axillary contracture, to determine the most effective treatment modality for preventing the development of contractures.
Methods: A single-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, over six months. Forty patients aged 20-50 years with Type 1 to Type 3 axillary contractures and shoulder abduction ranging from 20 to 100 degrees were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either Group A (stretching plus splinting) or Group B (splinting alone). Outcomes were measured using the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and goniometry for shoulder motion range, before and after the interventions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25, with paired and independent T-tests applied for within and between-group comparisons, respectively.
Results: The stretching group demonstrated significant improvements in shoulder motion ranges: flexion (91.00 ± 19.97 to 98.75 ± 19.75, p<0.000), extension (34.50 ± 12.13 to 41.85 ± 12.70, p<0.000), abduction (94.50 ± 26.84 to 103.50 ± 25.97, p<0.000), external rotation (34.15 ± 18.79 to 42.85 ± 18.87, p<0.000), and internal rotation (33.95 ± 11.05 to 42.90 ± 11.03, p<0.000). The DASH scores improved from 21.35 ± 3.58 to 31.30 ± 3.48 (p<0.000). Similar improvements were noted in the splinting group but were more pronounced in the stretching group. Between-group analysis revealed significant differences in favor of the stretching group for all measures of shoulder motion and DASH scores.
Conclusion: The study concluded that stretching, when combined with splinting, is more effective than splinting alone in improving shoulder range of motion and functional status in patients with post-burn axillary contracture. These findings suggest that incorporating stretching into the rehabilitation protocols for burn survivors could significantly enhance recovery outcomes.
Frequency of Genu Valgum and Genu Varum among the University Students and their Association with Gender and BMI
Authors: Rehman Attiq Ur , Mumtaz Usman , Awan Malik Muhammad Ali , Marwat Sawera Khan , Fatima Mahnoor , Shahid Fazeela
Published: February 2024

Background: Knee angular deformities such as genu varum and genu valgum are common conditions that can lead to further complications and affect an individual's quality of life. Factors like gender, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle, and nutritional status are thought to influence the development of these conditions.
Objective: The primary aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between gender and BMI with the prevalence of genu varum and genu valgum among university students.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted over six months, from February to July 2021, involving 140 university students aged between 18 and 25 years, who were independent in activities of daily living (ADLs). Subjects with neurological, psychological, congenital disorders, or systemic pathologies were excluded. BMI was calculated using a height-weight machine. Knee alignment was assessed using a goniometer to measure the Q-angle at both the left and right knees. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 25.
Results: The prevalence of genu varum was higher in males (23 cases) compared to females (7 cases), while genu valgum was more common in females (24 cases) than in males (5 cases). No significant difference in the incidence of genu varum and genu valgum was noted with BMI for the left knee (p=0.422), but a significant association was found for the right knee (p=0.049). Gender was significantly associated with knee angular deformities, with p-values of less than 0.0001 for both knees.
Conclusion: The study underscores a significant association of knee angular deformities with gender, and a lateral-specific correlation of BMI with the Q-angle of the right knee. These insights are crucial for developing gender-specific and BMI-inclusive strategies for the prevention and management of genu varum and genu valgum.
Effects of Circuit Class Training Versus Individual, Task Specific Training on Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Baig Mirza Obaid , Azmat Farwa
Published: February 2024

Background: Stroke is a leading contributor to disability globally, emphasizing the need for effective rehabilitation techniques. Circuit class training (CCT) and individual, task-specific training (ITST) have emerged as potential approaches for enhancing upper extremity function in stroke survivors. Comparative analyses of their efficacy, especially among chronic stroke patients, are scant.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impacts of CCT and ITST on upper extremity spasticity, motor function, and quality of life in individuals with chronic stroke.
Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 36 chronic stroke patients were allocated to either CCT or ITST groups. Participants were aged 45-70 years, had experienced a single stroke episode, and were at least 6 months post-stroke, with specific inclusion criteria regarding spasticity and motor function levels. The interventions were delivered for 1.5 hours daily, five days a week, over eight weeks. Outcomes were measured using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) for spasticity, Functional Independence Measure for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) for motor function, and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life (SS-QOL) scale for quality of life, analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results: Post-intervention, both CCT and ITST participants exhibited significant improvements in their outcomes. MAS scores showed a reduction in spasticity, with average improvements not significantly differing between the groups. FMA-UE scores increased by an average of 10 points in both groups, indicating enhanced motor function without a significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). SS-QOL scores improved by an average of 20 points in each group, reflecting better quality of life, with no significant intergroup difference observed.
Conclusion: The study concludes that CCT and ITST are equally effective in ameliorating upper extremity spasticity, motor function, and quality of life among chronic stroke patients. The selection between CCT and ITST can thus be personalized based on patient preferences, available resources, and logistical considerations, maintaining rehabilitation efficacy.
Diabetes and Risk of Surgical Site Infection: A Narrative Review
Authors: Arshad Shumaila , Rasul Akhtar , Batool Misdaq , Zukhruf Zunaira , Asad M. Tauseef
Published: February 2024

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) significantly elevates the risk of surgical site infections (SSIs), a major postoperative complication that increases morbidity, prolongs hospital stay, and escalates healthcare costs. The complex interplay between hyperglycemia-induced immunosuppression, impaired wound healing, and the increased propensity for infections in diabetic patients underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms at play and effective management strategies.
Objective: This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on the relationship between DM and the risk of SSIs, emphasizing the pathophysiological mechanisms, the impact of glycemic control on surgical outcomes, and the role of advanced surgical techniques in mitigating this risk.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published up to April 2023, using keywords related to DM, SSIs, and perioperative management. Inclusion criteria targeted studies on the association between DM and SSIs, focusing on outcomes in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients, and the effectiveness of glycemic control. Data extraction and synthesis were performed using a narrative approach, with quality assessment based on study design-specific appraisal tools.
Results: The review highlights that diabetic patients exhibit a significantly higher risk of developing SSIs compared to non-diabetic individuals, attributed to impaired immune response, microvascular complications, and delayed wound healing associated with hyperglycemia. Effective preoperative and postoperative glycemic control, maintaining hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels below 7%, has been shown to reduce the incidence of SSIs. Furthermore, advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques have contributed to lower SSI rates by reducing tissue trauma and preserving immune function.
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for surgical site infections, underscoring the importance of stringent glycemic control and the adoption of advanced surgical techniques in the perioperative management of diabetic patients. Future research should focus on refining glycemic control strategies, understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying increased SSI risk, and developing targeted therapies to improve surgical outcomes in this high-risk population.
Dynamics of Learning in Neural Networks: A Gaussian Profile Approach
Authors:   USP, MONTGOMERY RICHARD , Sakuramoto Paula
Published: February 2024

This article explores the impact of learning on the connection strengths between nodes in a recurrent associative attractor network, utilizing a Gaussian firing profile to simulate the adaptive nature of neural connections. Initially, the network exhibits uniform connec- tion strengths, symbolizing a naive state without prior learning. Through a computational model, we demonstrate how learning processes can dynamically adjust these connec- tions, emphasizing the strengthening of associations between spatially or functionally proximate nodes. The model employs a Gaussian function to adjust connection strengths based on node proximity, effectively mimicking biological learning mechanisms. Post- learning, nodes are reordered based on their connection strengths to reveal the emergent network structure, offering insights into how neural networks can evolve to represent and recall associative memories. This study not only sheds light on the fundamental aspects of neural plasticity but also provides a computational framework for simulating learning and memory formation in artificial neural networks.
Producer in socio-cultural activities: creativity, efficiency, mobility
Authors:   Science and Research Institute of Social and  Economic Development, Ukraine, Tadlia Оleksandr
Published: February 2024

The article provides an overview of publications in which conceptual approaches to the activity of a producer in the socio-cultural sphere are explored, which, with the help of organizational, creative, and innovative approaches, embody creative ideas in today’s realities. The essence of the concept of “producer” has been added, a profession that still needs careful study and implementation in the creative life of concert performers. The final result of the creative product depends on the knowledge and professional skills of the producer. In this regard, objective reality is presented in the organizational aspects carried out by producers in the sociocultural activities of their creativity, efficiency, and mobility. The stages of the process of forming the model of a producer in show business and the expediency of further scientific investigations in the direction of socio-cultural activity are considered, namely the theoretical justification of practical recommendations accompanying the activity of a producer, his formation, professional qualities, creative tasks. Production work is defined as an activity related to the management of the process of development, preparation, creation and practical implementation of projects as the final product of show business.
The main aspects of the clinical course of acute pancreatitis in obese patients
Authors:   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Tkachuk Olha , Pogorelov Olexandr ,   Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Dadayan Varsik ,   Medical Clinic “Grace”, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

Obesity is a problem of the third millennium. It is known that obesity is the main factor in the development of various diseases, including acute pancreatitis. The aim is to study the clinical course of acute pancreatitis in obese patients. Patients with acute pancreatitis and obesity have a statistically higher percentage of the severe course of the disease (р=0.01; α=0.05), a positive relationship between the body mass index and the level of leukocytes (r=0.128; p=0.038) was found, and also with the level of C-reactive protein (r=0.18; p=0.003). It should also be noted that in obese patients, the level of interleukin-1 increases by 2.3 times (p=0.01; α=0.05), and the level of interleukin-6 by 2.4 times (p=0.01; α=0.05). A statistically significant difference in increased cytokine levels in obese patients suggests an enhanced protease response and a “cytokine storm” that is the starting point of a non-reversible chain reaction. In patients with third-degree obesity, a strong correlation with the severity of acute pancreatitis was established (r=0.85, p=0.001; α=0.05).
Legal basis for the use of biotechnology in agriculture to ensure food security of Ukraine
Authors:   Land and Environmental Law National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, Novak Tamara , Melnyk Victoria ,   Civil Law disciplines  Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine, Kovalchuk Inna ,   Department of Public Law of Bila Tserkva National Agrarian University, Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the current state of legal support for food security in Ukraine, analysis of legislative innovations in the field of biotechnology as a way to improve food security and development of recommendations for improving the legal regulation of these relations. The analysis of the regulatory acts governing relations in the field of food security allowed the authors to draw conclusions about the formation of updated legislation during the period of martial law in Ukraine. The main features of legal provision of the relevant relations are as follows: the absence of a single comprehensive regulatory act which would consolidate the principles of ensuring food security of Ukraine; fragmentation of measures to ensure food security (concentration on the regulation of land relations, implementation of individual measures to support agricultural producers). The authors propose to develop the conceptual framework for food security of Ukraine with its objectification at the level of a separate law, to take into account food security measures in the formation of Ukraine’s recovery plans and to establish international cooperation. The authors characterize the updated legislation providing for genetic engineering activities and state control over the placement of genetically modified organisms and products on the market. Positive innovations are highlighted. It is established that the problem of dispersion of functions of management and control over compliance with genetically modified organisms (“GMO”) legislation among numerous entities remains unresolved.
Induction of Reparative Dentin Following Pulpotomy with BiodentineTM at Four Week Follow up visit: A Case Report
Authors: Ali Hasan , Gaffer Md. Abdul , Ahmad Masud , Ashrafi Zobaida , Hoq Shusta Farhana , Rahman Md. Mukhlachur , Hossain Mozammal
Published: February 2024

Pulpotomy materials have been used in dentistry with the expectation of induction of reparative dentin for maintain of pulp vitality in mature permanent premolar tooth. However, few histopathological studies have been performed in vivo with healthy tooth. This study was perfumed to examine whether pulpotomy with calcium-silicate based BiodentineTM could induce reparative dentin formation without eliciting adverse side effects of premolar teeth, in vivo. In this study, pulpotomy was performed on upper left first premolar tooth (which is needed to extract for aesthetic reason) with BiodentineTM and then the quality and quantity of reparative dentin was assessing by histological analysis at 28 days. It was found that the thickness of reparative dentin formation was 1.4 ± 0.4 µm that completely covers the exposed pulp tissue. It can be concluded that BiodentineTM is capable to induce pulpal wound healing and reparative formation in the exposed teeth without affecting the normal function of the remaining pulp.
Rolul laboratorului de traducere în grupurile lingvistice mixte de studenți – analiză de caz
Authors:   Sapienza Università di Roma, Neșu Nicoleta ,   Institutul Limbii Române, București
Published: February 2024

The case study we bring to your attention in the present paper refers to the structure of the student group learning Romanian language at Sapienza University in Rome, a mixed language group, consisting mainly of Italian and Romanian mother tongue students, gathered within these translation laboratories, organized on the following principles: competence levels (student perspective); translation direction based on these levels of competence (from Romanian to Italian for first and second year students, from Italian to Romanian, for senior and master students); the typology of the notions provided for each level (teacher's perspective) and the materialization and alignment of the two perspectives in choosing the typology of the texts and the direction of translation. In our approach, we will focus on aspects related to the structure of courses, the structure of laboratories, the importance of differentiating between the concepts of mother tongue/ethnic language/foreign language/second language, the notion of cultural gap, and the role of the act of “plural teaching”, as a exercise of collaboration between the Italian teacher and the Romanian lecturer.
Effects of home factors and students’ classroom participation on the academic performance of senior secondary schools’ students in Lagos Nigeria
Authors: TITILAYO SOJI-ONI  , ADESOJI.A. ONI
Published: February 2024

Home factors entails the objects, materials, parents, siblings, peers and social life that exists in the home in which the students find himself/herself. All the variables in the home that affect a child’s existence, behaviour and performance constitute the home environmental factors, while student achievement refers to the extent to which a learner has attained their short or long-term educational goals. Individual differences in academic performance are strongly correlated with differences in personality and intelligence. The study examined the effects of home factors and students’ classroom participation on the academic performance of senior secondary schools in Lagos, Nigeria. Consequently, four research questions and three hypotheses were formulated to guide the study, the study was limited to Education District I, of Lagos, Nigeria. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design, using a self-constructed questionnaire to collect data from secondary school teachers and students. The validity of the instrument was done by experts in sociology of education and measurement and evaluation, while the researchers administered the instrument to 30 students not involved in the main sample for pilot testing. The reliability correlation coefficient index obtained was 0.78. The data collected were analysed using simple percentage, t-test, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient method of statistical analysis. These statistics were used to demonstrate whether the variables are correlated or related. The findings of the study revealed that students’ home factors affect their academic performance; teachers and the students have different perceptions of the relevance of home factors; and that a significant relationship exists between home factors and students’ classroom participation. The study therefore concluded and recommended that education should be mounted for parents in our formal and non-formal education programmes in order to educate parents on their roles as parents in the education of their wards
Clinical manifestations and progression of COVID‑19: A case report from the Maldives
Authors: RAJIB KUMAR DEY  , ISNEEN  HILMY ABDULLAH , ZAADHEE ALI , JALEEL ZAIDHOON , ZOOSHAN AHMED , IBRAHIM AFA , WAHEED AZNA , WASEEL SAIFULLAH , HISHMA MARIYAM , NASEEM MARIYAM , SHAHANA MUFEED MARIYAM , MUSTAFA MIHUNATH , THAUFEEQ DHUNYA , NABIL RANIA , AHMED IMAD HISHAM , AZEEZ YOOSUF ABDUL , NAZEEM ALI , ABDULLA LATHEEF ALI
Published: February 2024

A cluster of pneumonia was reported from Wuhan, Hubei province, China in December 2019. The causative agent was named as novel coronavirus “SARS-CoV-2” and the disease as COVID-19. The disease rapidly spread to several countries and WHO declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and as a pandemic on 11th March 2020. In the Maldives, the first case of COVID-19 was detected on the 7th of March. At the time of writing, there are 3103 cases of confirmed COVID-19 including 15 fatalities. The SARS-CoV-2 causes mild to severe pneumonia complicated by ARDS, sepsis, and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. Other manifestations include anosmia, ageusia, fatigue, and rash. In many requiring hospitalization, hypoxemia is a key clinical finding. The clinical manifestations including the clinical progression of COVID-19 is being described in this report. The case was conservatively managed in a makes-shift hospital, with the utilization of the awake prone positioning which had resulted in better oxygenation and aided in the improvement of hypoxemia.
Forest Fires in Cyprus
Authors: E. GEORGIOU KYRIAKOS
Published: February 2024

According to a recent report by OECD (2023) the frequency and severity of forest fires and wildfires as well as the duration of the fire season, are increasing in many regions of the world. Wildfires, forest fires for the most part, in recent years have been severely affecting the Mediterranean region during the summer period from June to August, having severe and direct effect on the environment, local economies, livelihoods and societies. A good example of this Cyprus an island state in the north east of the region. The major issues that are responsible for this is climate change, the poor management of forests and the surrounding areas and socioeconomic factors that relate to the abandonment of the rural areas. All these factors lead to the increase of the available fuel