bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A dynamic network-based decision architecture for performance evaluation and improvement
Authors: Hu Kuang-Hua , Lin Sin-Jin , Hsu Ming-Fu , Chen Fu-Hsiang
Published: September 2020

This study introduces a dynamic decision architecture that involves three steps for corporate performance forecasting as such bad performance has been widely recognized as the main trigger for a financial crisis. Step-1: performance evaluation and integration; Step-2: forecasting model construction; and Step-3: knowledge generation. First, the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is incorporated with balanced scorecards (BSC) to discover the complicated/intertwined relationships among BSC’s four perspectives. To overcome the problem of BSC that cannot yield a specific direction, the study then employs data envelopment analysis (DEA). Apart from previous studies that utilize an all embracing one-stage model, this set-up extends it to a two-stage model that calculates the performance scores for each BSC perspective. By doing so, users can realize a company’s weaknesses and strengths and identify possible paths toward efficiency. VIKOR is subsequently used to summarize all scores into a synthesized one. Second, the analyzed outcomes are then fed into random vector functional-link (RVFL) networks to establish the forecasting model. To handle the opaque nature of RVFL, the instance learning method is conducted to extract the implicit decision logics. Finally, the introduced architecture, tested by real cases, offers a promising alternative for performance evaluation and forecasting.
Characterizations of hoops based on stabilizers
Authors: Wang Jun Tao , Borzooei R. A. , Aaly Kologani M.
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we characterize the algebraic structure of hoops via stabilizers. First, we further study left and right stabilizers in hoops and discuss the relationship between them. Then, we characterize some special classes of hoops, for example, Wajsberg hoops, local hoops, Gödel hoops and stabilizer hoops, in terms of stabilizers. Finally, we further determine the relationship between stabilizers and filters in hoops and obtain some improvement results. This results also give answer to open problem, which was proposed in [Stabilizers in MTL-algebras, Journal of Intelligent and Fuzzy Systems, 35 (2018) 717-727]. These results will provide a more general algebraic foundation for consequence connectives in fuzzy logic based on continuous t-norms.
Research on the module configuration of complex products considering the evolution of the product family
Authors: Liu Zhenhua , Zhang Mengting , Li Yupeng , Chu Xuening
Published: September 2020

The evolution of the product family is the essential driving force for the development of a complex product. Only customer satisfaction is emphasized in the traditional module configuration methods, which is not beneficial for product family evolution that is due to non-customer factors such as the emergence of new technology. In this study, the intuitionistic fuzzy number is employed to quantify the degree of correlation between each module and configuration targets, namely customer satisfaction and the degree of evolution of the product family, respectively. The bi-objective integer programming model is constructed by maximizing the degree of customer satisfaction and product family evolution. An improved Pareto ant colony optimization (P-ACO) is designed to solve this model and subsequently the Pareto frontier is obtained. The radar chart is adopted to represent the performance of each configuration scheme in the Pareto frontier. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are expounded by a case study and result comparison, showing that this method can provide a more competitive product configuration scheme to customers in the future market.
Phenotypic Spectrum of Myopathies with Recessive Anoctamin-5 Mutations
Authors: Vázquez José , Lefeuvre Claire , Escobar Rosa Elena , Luna Angulo Alexandra Berenice , Miranda Duarte Antonio , Delia Hernandez Alma , Brisset Marion , Carlier Robert-Yves , Leturcq France , Durand-Canard Marie-Christine , Nicolas Guillaume , Laforet Pascal , Malfatti Edoardo
Published: September 2020

Background: Biallelic variants in Anoctamin 5 (ANO5) gene are causative of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) R12 anoctamin5-related, non-dysferlin Miyoshi-like distal myopathy (MMD3), and asymptomatic hyperCKemia. Objective: To describe clinic, histologic, genetic and imaging features, of ANO5 mutated patients. Methods: Five patients, four from France (P1, P2, P3 and P4) and one from Mexico (P5), from four families were included. P1 and P2, belonging to group 1, had normal muscle strength; Group 2, P3, P4 and P5, presented with muscular weakness. Muscle strength was measured by manual muscle testing, Medical Research Council (MRC) grades 1/5 to 5/5. Laboratory exams included serum CK levels, nerve conduction studies (NCS)/needle electromyography (EMG), pulmonary function tests, EKG and cardiac ultrasound. ANO5 molecular screening was performed with different approaches. Results: Group 1 patients showed myalgias with hyperCKemia or isolated hyperCKemia. Group 2 patients presented with limb-girdle or proximo-distal muscular weakness. Serum CK levels ranged from 897 to 5000 UI/L. Muscle biopsy analysis in P4 and P5 showed subsarcolemmal mitochondrial aggregates. Electron microscopy confirmed mitochondrial proliferation and revealed discontinuity of the sarcolemmal membrane. Muscle MRI showed asymmetrical fibro-fatty substitution predominant in the lower limbs. P1 and P2 were compound heterozygous for c.191dupA (p.Asn64Lysfs*15) and c.1898 + G>A; P3 was homozygous for the c.692G>T. (p.Gly231Val); P4 harbored a novel biallelic homozygous exons 1–7 ANO5 gene deletion, and P5 was homozygous for a c.172 C > T (p.(Arg 58 Trp)) ANO5 pathogenic variant. Conclusions: Our cohort confirms the wide clinical variability and enlarge the genetic spectrum of ANO5-related myopathies.
Decision-Making And Selection Bias in Four Observational Studies on Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Naarding Karin J. , Doorenweerd Nathalie , Koeks Zaïda , Hendriksen Ruben G.F. , Chotkan Kinita A. , Krom Yvonne D. , de Groot Imelda J.M. , Straathof Chiara S. , Niks Erik H. , Kan Hermien E.
Published: September 2020

Background: Natural history data are essential for trial design in Duchenne (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), but recruitment for observational studies can be challenging. Objective: We reviewed reasons why patients or caregivers declined participation, and compared characteristics of participants and non-participants to assess possible selection bias in four observational studies, three on DMD and one on BMD. Methods: Three pediatric DMD studies focused on cross-sectional cognitive function and brain MRI (DMDbrain, n = 35 and DMDperfusion, n = 12), and on longitudinal upper extremity function and muscle MRI (DMDarm, n = 22). One adult BMD study assessed longitudinal functioning (n = 36). Considerations for non-participation were retrospectively reviewed from screening logs. Age, travel-time, DMD gene mutations and age at loss of ambulation (DMDarm and BMD study only), of participants and non-participants were derived from the Dutch Dystrophinopathy Database and compared using nonparametric tests (p < 0.05). Results: The perceived burden of the protocol (38.2%), use of MRI (30.4%), and travel-time to the study site (19.1%) were the most frequently reported considerations for non-participation. Only few patients reported lack of personal gain (0.0– 5.9%). Overall, participating patients were representative for the studied sub-populations, except for a younger age of DMDarm study participants and a complete lack of participants with a mutation beyond exon 63. Conclusion: Optimizing patient involvement in protocol design, improving MRI experiences, and integrating research into clinics are important factors to decrease burden and facilitate participation. Nationwide registries are essential to compare participants and non-participants and ensure representative observational research. Specific effort is needed to include patients with distal mutations in cognitive studies.
Differential Gait Decline in Parkinson’s Disease Enhances Discrimination of Gait Freezers from Non-Freezers
Authors: Glover Aliyah , Pillai Lakshmi , Doerhoff Shannon , Virmani Tuhin
Published: September 2020

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is a debilitating feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) for which treatments are limited. To develop neuroprotective strategies, determining whether disease progression is different in phenotypic variants of PD is essential. Objective: To determine if freezers have a faster decline in spatiotemporal gait parameters. Methods: Subjects were enrolled in a longitudinal study and assessed every 3– 6 months. Continuous gait in the levodopa ON-state was collected using a gait mat (Protokinetics). The slope of change/year in spatiotemporal gait parameters was calculated. Results: 26 freezers, 31 non-freezers, and 25 controls completed an average of 6 visits over 28 months. Freezers had a faster decline in mean stride-length, stride-velocity, swing-%, single-support-%, and variability in single-support-% compared to non-freezers (p < 0.05). Gait decline was not correlated with initial levodopa dose, duration of levodopa therapy, change in levodopa dose or change in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores (p > 0.25). Gait progression parameters were required to obtain 95% accuracy in categorizing freezers and non-freezers groups in a forward step-wise binary regression model. Change in mean stride-length, mean stride-width, and swing-% variability along with initial foot-length variability, mean swing-% and apathy scores were significant variables in the model. Conclusion: Freezers had a faster temporal decline in objectively quantified gait, and inclusion of longitudinal gait changes in a binary regression model greatly increased categorization accuracy. Levodopa dosing, cognitive decline and disease severity were not significant in our model. Early detection of this differential decline may help define freezing prone groups for testing putative treatments.
Association of the Non-Motor Burden with Patterns of Striatal Dopamine Loss in de novo Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Chung Seok Jong , Lee Sangwon , Yoo Han Soo , Lee Yang Hyun , Lee Hye Sun , Choi Yonghoon , Lee Phil Hyu , Yun Mijin , Sohn Young H.
Published: September 2020

Background: Striatal dopamine deficits play a key role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and several non-motor symptoms (NMSs) have a dopaminergic component. Objective: To investigate the association between early NMS burden and the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion in patients with de novo PD. Methods: We consecutively recruited 255 patients with drug-naïve early-stage PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans. The NMS burden of each patient was assessed using the NMS Questionnaire (NMSQuest), and patients were divided into the mild NMS burden (PDNMS-mild) (NMSQuest score <6; n = 91) and severe NMS burden groups (PDNMS-severe) (NMSQuest score >9; n = 90). We compared the striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) activity between the groups. Results: Patients in the PDNMS-severe group had more severe parkinsonian motor signs than those in the PDNMS-mild group, despite comparable DAT activity in the posterior putamen. DAT activity was more severely depleted in the PDNMS-severe group in the caudate and anterior putamen compared to that in the PDMNS-mild group. The inter-sub-regional ratio of the associative/limbic striatum to the sensorimotor striatum was lower in the PDNMS-severe group, although this value itself lacked fair accuracy for distinguishing between the patients with different NMS burdens. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that PD patients with severe NMS burden exhibited severe motor deficits and relatively diffuse dopamine depletion throughout the striatum. These findings suggest that the level of NMS burden could be associated with distinct patterns of striatal dopamine depletion, which could possibly indicate the overall pathological burden in PD.
Clinical Relevance of Standardized Mobile Gait Tests. Reliability Analysis Between Gait Recordings at Hospital and Home in Parkinson’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gaßner Heiko , Sanders Philipp , Dietrich Alisa , Marxreiter Franz , Eskofier Bjoern M. , Winkler Jürgen , Klucken Jochen
Published: September 2020

Background: Gait impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD) are quantified using inertial sensors under standardized test settings in the hospital. Recent studies focused on the assessment of free-living gait in PD. However, the clinical relevance of standardized gait tests recorded at the patient’s home is unclear. Objective: To evaluate the reliability of supervised, standardized sensor-based gait outcomes at home compared to the hospital. Methods: Patients with PD (n = 20) were rated by a trained investigator using the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III). Gait tests included a standardized 4×10 m walk test and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG). Tests were performed in the hospital (HOSPITAL) and at patients’ home (HOME), and controlled for investigator, time of the day, and medication. Statistics included reliability analysis using Intra-Class correlations and Bland-Altman plots. Results: UPDRS-III and TUG were comparable between HOSPITAL and HOME. PD patients’ gait at HOME was slower (gait velocity Δ= –0.07±0.11 m/s, –6.1%), strides were shorter (stride length Δ= –9.2±9.4 cm; –7.3%), and shuffling of gait was more present (maximum toe-clearance Δ= –0.7±2.5 cm; –8.8%). Particularly, narrow walkways (<85 cm) resulted in a significant reduction of gait velocity at home. Reliability analysis (HOSPITAL vs. HOME) revealed excellent ICC coefficients for UPDRS-III (0.950, p < 0.000) and gait parameters (e.g., stride length: 0.898, p < 0.000; gait velocity: 0.914, p < 0.000; stance time: 0.922, p < 0.000; stride time: 0.907, p < 0.000). Conclusion: This pilot study underlined the clinical relevance of gait parameters by showing excellent reliability for supervised, standardized gait tests at HOSPITAL and HOME, even though gait parameters were different between test conditions.
Effects of medical nutrition therapy compared with general nutritional advice on nutritional status and nutrition-related complications in esophageal cancer patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Movahed Sara , Seilanian Toussi Mehdi , Pahlavani Naseh , Motlagh Ali Ghanbari , Eslami Saeid , Nematy Mohsen , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Khadem-Rezaiyan Majid , Emadzadeh Maryam , Varshoee Tabrizi Fatemeh , Bozzetti Federico , Norouzy Abdolreza
Published: September 2020

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial study was to assess the effects of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) compared with general nutritional advice (NA) on nutritional status in esophageal cancer (EC) patients during Chemoradiation (CRT). METHOD: The sample includes one hundred newly diagnosed patients with EC. The MNT group received individualized nutritional therapy. The NA group received general nutritional advice at the beginning of the participation. Patient-Generated- Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), anthropometric indices, body composition, dietary intake, laboratory tests, and nutrition-related complications were assessed. RESULTS: Forty-nine cases were in the MNT group. The MNT group had significantly more favorable energy (26.4±14.1 vs. 18.2±11.2 kcal/kgw.day) and protein (1±0.6 vs. 0.7±0.4 g/kgw.day) intake than the NA group at the final evaluation. The PG-SGA score diminished but not significantly in both groups (11±6 vs. 12±6). As compared to the NA group, patients in the MNT group experienced more frequently no weight loss (21% vs. 11%) or mild weight loss (40% vs 35%) during the treatment. Meanwhile, moderate weight loss was more frequently observed in the NA group (26% vs. 44%). In the MNT group, those with severe weight loss had not proper adherence to the nutritional protocol. Mid-upper arm circumference, body composition, laboratory tests, physical performance, and nutrition-related complications were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: As compared to general NA, MNT improved energy and macronutrients intake in patients with EC undergoing CRT which resulted in less severe weight loss and potentially better nutritional status.
General and passenger-relevant factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among Chinese female flight attendants
Authors: Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Tsao Liuxing , Dong Lili , Liu Xueqian , Ma Liang , Wang Junwei
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: A high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) has been reported among flight attendants. Identifying the root causes of these disorders may improve the health conditions of flight attendants and further improve flight safety and service quality. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to identify WMSD risk factors for a specific population, namely Chinese female flight attendants. METHODS: A two-stage survey including an online questionnaire (46 flight attendants) and a semi-structured interview (16 flight attendants) was used to assess the WMSDs of Chinese female flight attendants. Text analysis tools in NVivo 11 were used to identify the main concerns and risk factors for WMSDs of Chinese flight attendants. RESULTS: In the online questionnaire, more than 86% of the participants reported discomfort in at least one body part. Biomechanical factors, work organizational factors, and psychosocial factors were reported by participants in this study. Chinese passengers were found to have an effect on WMSD development in Chinese flight attendants. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggested that WMSDs are severe problems among Chinese flight attendants. General factors as well as the passenger-relevant factor were identified as the most influential causes of WMSDs.
The user experience (UX) on female apparel e-commerce websites in Brazil
Authors: Bozzi Carolina , Mont’Alvão Claudia
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Marketing clothes online can be challenging for those who buy and sell them. They are products that people still feel the need to have direct contact with. Some of their attributes are not easily communicated digitally, such as the fit and the feel of the fabric. Besides, the lack of standardization of sizes practiced by the Brazilian clothing industry raises several doubts to the user. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to present the results of an investigation concerning the user experience (UX) resulting from the interaction with female e-commerce websites. METHODS: The methods were organized into two stages: exploratory and descriptive. The former consisted of an exploratory interview (19 interviewees), an online questionnaire (205 respondents), and semi-structured interviews with 5 fashion specialists. In the latter, 60 users were divided into two groups of 30 participants to undertake a usability test on an e-commerce website (dafiti.com.br) to evaluate the UX when buying clothes. Group A used a desktop/laptop and Group B used a smartphone. The users were then debriefed and answered the AttrakDiff2™ questionnaire. RESULTS: Users lacked technical knowledge on clothing attributes and were extremely wary about the size and fit information provided (60% in Group A and 83% in Group B were not sure about fit and size information). Surprisingly, the AttrakDiff2™ showed no significant difference between the mobile or the desktop/laptop UX (Group A: M = 4.0 SD = 0.1; Group B: M = 4.1 SD = 0.2). CONCLUSIONS: The most significant problem faced by the users concerned the fit and sizing information, as these attributes are usually poorly communicated digitally. In addition to being a usability problem, by inducing users to errors, its greatest impact was on the UX.
Dynamics of forearm muscle activity in slanted computer mice use
Authors: Coelho Denis A. , Lourenço Miguel L.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND: Static muscular activity of muscles activated in the use of the conventional PC mouse is believed to represent a higher risk for the musculoskeletal health of the user than dynamic muscular activity. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a compounded muscular activity dynamics indicator (akin to percent relative range), enabling comparison between computer handheld pointing devices. METHODS: This muscular dynamism approach considers baseline muscular activity (APL, ECR, ECU and ED) relative to the Maximum Voluntary Contraction as well as the dynamics of muscular activation. The latter is computed as the ratio of the difference between APDF90 and APDF10 divided by APDF50 (APDF-Amplitude Probability Distribution Function for the 90th, 50th and 10th percentiles). The paper demonstrates the approach with results of comparative evaluation of a horizontal, a slanted and a vertical PC mouse, through surface EMG monitoring of 20 participants performing standardized graphical task with the devices. RESULTS: Hand size impacts muscular activity dynamics in these four muscles, which supersedes differences in device geometry, across the range of devices tested. CONCLUSION: Smaller devices relative to hand size foster more dynamic muscular activity.
Ontological Experience and the Ontic Ontological Human Being
Authors: Bauer Rudolph
Published: September 2020

Este artículo expone el concepto de Amrita y desarrolla el Khechari Mudra al tiempo que integra estos conceptos del budismo tántrico tibetano y del tantrismo hindú con los desarrollos de la  fenomenología existencial. Hace un recorrido de la fenomenología de la mente a la fenomenología del Ser en los trabajos de Heidegger, Eugene Fink, Maurice Merleau Ponty y otros fenomenólogos.
The role of the state in Amartya Sen›s theory of development
Authors: Shamsulddin Tahseen Hamah Saeed
Published: September 2020

هذا بحث عن نظرية في التنمية تعتبر من أهم نظريتها في العصر الحديث و يعتبر صاحبها آمارتيا سين الحاصل على جائزة نوبل الاقتصاد في عام1998 من الرواد المنظّرين للتنمية والتنمية المستدامة ان لم يكن مؤسسها، وصاحب نظرية خاصة في التنمية حفّزت الكثير من الباحثين الكتابة عنها، واصبح صاحبها من الشخصيات المئة الاكثر تأثيرا لأكثر من عام حسب مانشرت المجلات المختصة في هذا المجال، وتبنتها كثير من دول العالم.إن نظرية أمارتيا سين للتنمية هي نظرية من نظريات التنمية المستدامة بل من اعرق تلك النظريات ، وهي نظرية أساسية مؤثرة في أكثر النظريات التي جاءت من بعدها وهي من اكثر النظريات المهتم بها في اقتصاديات التنمية.إن نظرية آمارتياسين مقاربة يمكن دراستها في حقول معرفية مختلفة كالسياسة والقانون وعلم الاجتماع والااقتصاد.إن لنظرية أمارتيا سين في العدالة جانبان أولهما من إبداعه والثاني يعتبر أمارتيا سين مطوِّرا له: أولهما هو نهج القدرة الذي تبنته منظمة الانماء وكثير من الدول لتقييم تنمية وتطوير تنميتها. وأن نهج القدرة هو قدرة الأشخاص على أن يعيشوا حيواتهم التي لهم دليل في اختيارها وتقديرها. ان لتطبيق النظرية جانبان ايضا: جانب يتعلق بما يخدم الانسان كالتعليم والصحة والدخل ، وجانب يتعلَّق بمسألة اختيار الإنسان لما هو له دليل في القيام به وهذا الجانب يتعلق بمشاركة الإنسان في العملية التنموية واحترام آرائه، ومن هنا تظهر أهمية مسألة كحقوق الإنسان والديموقراطية في التنمية الاقتصادية.ووصل البحث الى ان آمارتيا سين كأحد فلاسفة الاقتصاد والسياسة والقانون مع تدخل الدولة من أجل التنمية، بشرط أن يكون هذا التدخل من أجل تنمية قابليات الافراد وقدراتهم( التنمية للانسان)، وبشرط ان تغير الدولة تكوينها بشكل يشارك أفراد المجتمع في تكوين الدولة ( التنمية بالانسان) وعملية صنع القرارات المتعلقة بهم. فيوصي البحث الدولة التدخل من أجل التنمية ولكن بالكيفية والشروط التي يلزم آمارتيا سين توفرها، حتى تتلافى النقائص التي توجد عند تطبيق نظريات التدخل الأخرى.
Geographical Analysis of the production of red blame in Sulaymaniah Governorate(A study in geography economic)
Authors: Darwesh Umkalthum Mustafa
Published: September 2020

يتميز القطاع الزراعي بأهمية كبيرة بين القطاعات الاقتصادية الأخرى، فهو بمثابة أساس البنيان الاقتصادي القومي، كما يعتبر قطاع الإنتاج الحيواني أحد الأنشطة الزراعية الهامة والمنتجة لكثير من النواتج الغذائية وعلي رأسها البروتينات الحيوانية، التي تعد من أهم المكونات الرئيسية في النمط الغذائي للإنسان والتي تعتبر ذو قيمة حيوية عالية بالمقارنة بالبروتينات النباتية، ولهذا القطاع اهمية في اقليم كوردستان عامةَ ومحافظة السليمانية بشكل خاص، على اعتبار ان تربية الحيوانات تعد حرفة معتمدة للسكان في المنطقة، ويعمل بها عدد كبير من سكان المنطقة كما انها تعكس الظروف الجغرافية المؤثرة في الانتاج الحيواني، وتشمل لحوم البقر والغنم والماعز ولا تشمل اللحوم الجاموس وذلك باعتبارها قليلة العدد، والتي ولا تتعدى 600 رأس في المنطقة كما ان تربيتها تتم بقصد انتاج الحليب فقط.أذ تهدف هذه الدراسة الى التعرف على اهمية الثروة الحيوانية في انتاج اللحوم, و بيان التطور العددي لحيوانات اللحوم الحمراء, اذ تشهد الثروة الحيوانية في منطقة الدراسة تذبذباً نوعيا وكميا في عددها وانتاجها نتيجة لمجموعة من العوامل الطبيعية والبشرية، والامكانات المتوفرة من حيث العدد لا يتناسب مع الكمية التي يتم إنتاجها من اللحوم الحمراء، وبالتالي لا يكفي لسد الاحتياجات الغذائية من البروتين الحيواني لسكان المنطقة الدراسة. 

ومن خلال هذا البحث تم تسليط الضوء على اهم المشاكل كقصور الإنتاج المحلي من اللحوم عن توفير احتياجات المستهلك من الغذاء ،ووضع بعض حلول المناسبة لمعالجتها. وايضاَ مدى كفاية انتاج المحافظة من اللحوم الحمراء في الاستهلاك المحلي،وما سبل حل سد الفجوة الغذائية وما وسائل تطوير الإنتاج المحلي من اللحوم الحمراء، وتعتبر البيانات الاحصائية المتعلقة بعدد الحيوانات والانتاج اللحوم الحمراء الموجودة في المؤسسات الحكومية من اهم مصادرالتى اعتمدعليها البحث وتضارب البيانات والاحصاءات بين الهيئات المختلفة وعدم مصداقية بعضها, والقصور في بيانات الموجودة حيث كثير منها غير دقيق من اهم الصعوبات التى واجهتها هذه الدراسة.
Air pollution in Kalar City by carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide gases
Authors: Hama Amin Dlpak Ahmed
Published: September 2020

پیسبوونی هەوا یەکێکە لە جۆرەکانی پیسبوونی ژینگە, کەلە ئەمڕۆدا ئەم گرفتە ژینگەییە کارەساتی بەدوای خۆیدا هێناوە هەر لە کاریگەرییەکانی لەسەر سیستەمی ژینگەو دەوروبەر و تەندروستی مرۆڤ هەتاوەکو خراپکردنی کوالێتی هەوا لە شارەکاندا, ئەگەرچی هەوا یەکێکە لە ڕەگەزە هەرە گرنگەکانی پێکهاتەی ژینگە و هەرزانترینیشیانە بەڵام لەڕاستیدا بەبەهاترین ڕەگەزە کە ڕاستەوخۆ لەگەڵ مرۆڤدا بەرکەوتەی هەیە, بۆیە هەر تێکچوونێک بکەوێتە پیکهاتە سروشتییەکانی ئەم ڕەگەزەوە زیانی لێدەکەوێتەوە. شاری کەلار لەڕووی جوگرافیەوە دەکەوێتە باشوری ڕۆژهەڵاتی هەرێمی کوردستانەوە, لەڕووی کارگێڕییەوە هاوسنورە لەگەڵ ناحیەی ڕزگاری لەبەشی ڕۆژئاوایی و روباری سیروان لەبەشی ڕۆژهەڵاتی و گوندی بەردەسور لە باکورو گوندی گردەگۆزینە لەبەشی باشورییەوە, لەڕووی ڕوبەرەوە شاری کەلار ڕوبەرەکەی (١٧,٣کم٢)یە, ئامانجی ئەم توێژینەوەیە دەستنیشانکردنی چڕێتی هەریەکە لە گازەکانی یەکە ئۆکسیدوو دووەم ئۆکسیدی کاربۆنە لەهەوای شارەکەدا, میتۆدی پشتپێبەستراوی توێژینەوەکە بریتییە لە میتۆدی بەراوردکاری و شیکاری و وەسفی و ئەنجامدانی سەردانی مەیدانی بۆ پێوانەکردنی ئاستی هەردوو گازەکە لەهەوای شارەکەدا.
A study on passive solar still with nanoparticles
Authors: Thakur Vikas Kumar , Gaur Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2020

In current paper shows the progressive effects of nanoparticles on the passive solar stills. Nanoparticles are used in SS because of their good thermo-physical properties, which affected the performance and efficiency of the SS, its increase the heat transfer properties of the basin water. Passive SS has very low productivity about 2-3 liters/m2 in a day. Many modifications have been done continuously by the researchers to increase the performance, productivity and efficiency of passive SSs. Various thermal storage materials are used in passive solar stills, such as wax (PCM), charcoal, fine stones and nanoparticles, to increase the productivity and also various methods is used like- by controlling the saline water depth, by controlling the glass angle and good quality of insulation for cover the still walls. The behavior of nanoparticles on the performance of passive SS has been studied and also study about the thermo-physical properties of the mixture of water and nanoparticles in present paper. Definitely, nanoparticles showed suitable characteristics and a favorable big applicability, based on improvement of thermal conductivity in comparison to base fluids free from additional metal or metal oxide nano scaled particles.
Fibromyalgia Symptoms Overview
Authors: Galvez Sánchez Carmen M. , de la Coba Pablo , Duschek Stefan , Reyes del Paso Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) can be conceptualized as a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and other accompanying symptoms such as fatigue, insomnia, depression, anxiety and cognitive impairments. The etiology of FMS remains unknown, being one of the most accepted hypothesis the presence of central sensitization to pain and impairments in endogenous pain inhibitory mechanisms. The history of the development of FMS concept reveals how other symptoms -apart from pain- has become also relevant in FMS diagnosis and treatment.
The central symptom of FMS is pain. FMS patients generally report high levels of clinical pain, which are related to greater impairments in health related quality of life, cognitive abilities and disease course. Fatigue and sleeping difficulties are also common symptoms of FMS. Fatigue have shown positive associations with pain, stiffness, sleep problems, increased body mass index, FMS severity, tenderness, disability, cognitive complaints, anxiety and depression. The majority of FMS patients report poor sleep quality, take longer to fall asleep, generally wake up during the night, sleep fewer hours, and usually wake up unrefreshed. Emotional disturbances (i.e., depression, anxiety) are also frequent in FMS. In fact, depression and anxiety disorders have showed a negative impact on the clinical course and work capacity of FMS patients. Cognitive impairments are also a relevant symptom in FMS. The most common complaints among FMS patients are executive function deficits, attention problems, forgetfulness, concentration difficulties, and mental slowness. Regarding the most frequent treatments for FMS, these can be classified as non-psychological and psychological. The former includes analgesic drugs, adjuvant drugs (i.e., antidepressants, benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, etc.), nerve blocks, electrostimulation at different levels, infiltrations, etc. The psychological therapies with the most evidence are cognitive-behavioral, acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness.
FMS is associated with a severe reduction of health related quality of life and psychosocial impairments. It is necessary to take all FMS symptoms and its relations into account in order to provide a more tailored and effective treatment, as well as, to improve the health related quality of life of FMS patients.
测绘工程技术在地籍测量中的实践应用分析
Authors: 李 博
Published: September 2020

目前,我国土地资源日益紧张,并且随着各类开发工作的不断开展,土地利用情况也发生了明显的变化,因此很多地籍也需要进行适当的更新。地籍测量对于我国明确土地资源利用情况有着重要的意义,并且也为土地资源规划利用提供参考资料。在地籍测量过程中,测绘工程有着广泛的应用,同时随着信息自动化技术的发展,测量技术也得到了长足的发展。
数字化测绘技术在工程测量中的应用探析
Authors: 李 秀彦
Published: September 2020

随着工程项目要求的提升以及建设环境的复杂化,传统的工程测量技术已经不再适用,数字化测绘技术在我国科技的支持下应运而生,并在工程测量中发挥了越来越重要的作用。数字化测绘技术有着一定的技术优势,能够利用较短的测量时间达到较好的测绘效果,因此,数字化测绘技术在工程测量中得到了广泛应用。
无人机遥感测绘技术在工程测绘中的应用
Authors: 周 欢
Published: September 2020

随着我国现代化科学技术的快速发展,也极大的推动了测绘领域的进步。其中无人遥感测绘技术也得到了广泛的运用。在测绘过程中,无人机遥感技术通过无人驾驶的飞行器,利用相关定位技术完成对地理信息的测量工作,且在工作过程中能够有效的保证测量结果的准确性和有效性。本文讲述了无人机遥感技术的优势和不足,并分析了其在工程测绘中的应用,以期能够给无人机遥感测绘技术的应用提供参考。
非全野外布点方案在 1：1000 正射影像图制作中的应用
Authors: 孙 瑞 , 陈 普智 , 王 学威
Published: September 2020

本文详细介绍了非全野外布点方案的布点要求；特殊情况的布点要求；刺点目标的选择要求,根据这些要求,选择了适合本项目中地形情况的布点方案,根据平差报告分析,本项目的布点方案是满足1:1000正射影像图制作的。
POS辅助航空摄影测量精度分析
Authors: 吴 冠章
Published: September 2020

POS辅助航空摄影测量技术的核心主要是为了获得高精度的影像姿态信息,采用此技术进行航空摄影测量时可无需或只需极少的地面控制点,缩短生产周期,减少成本。目前获取像片的外方位元素,主要方法是采用差分GPS技术(DGPS)或精密单点定位技术(ppp)。本文结合生产项目,对推扫式航摄仪ADS80获取的pos数据,利用软件进行差分GPS及精密单点定位解算,分析两种方式获取的外方位元素精度的差异。总结得出差分GPS与精密单点技术的优劣势。
火烧山地区二叠系平地泉组原油物性差异原因探讨
Authors: 周 长发 , 路 俊刚 , 罗 昭洋 , 马 守良
Published: September 2020

火烧山地区位于准噶尔盆地东部沙帐断褶带北段,该区二叠系平地泉组原油分布广泛,但是不同井区间物性特征差别较大,受控因素不清楚。基于此,笔者对火烧山地区不同井区的原油物性及其地球化学特征进行了研究,明确了原油物性出现差异的原因。研究表明,火烧山地区高密度原油成熟度较低,低密度原油成熟度较高,成熟度差异是导致原油物性差异的主要原因；不同油藏原油成熟度主要受到不同烃源岩演化程度的影响。
地理国情监测动态更新关键技术探索
Authors: 沈 孟平 , 管 红波
Published: September 2020

地理国情属于我国的重要国情之一,对地理国情的发展过程中的关键性技术进行充分分析和研究,能够为国家提供更多的能源和资源储备,为国家和社会的发展提供更多能源,推动社会发展力量。
分析无人机航测在公路带状地形测绘中的应用
Authors: 倪 小春
Published: September 2020

在现代的公路带状的地形测绘工作中,已经广泛的应用了无人机航测系统,主要就是因为无人机航测系统具有外业工作量小、响应速度快、成图质量佳、勘测成本低以及精确度高等优点,其在公路带状的地形测绘中具有非常重要的作用。基于此,本文主要对无人机航测的工作原理、工作流程进行分析,并结合实际工程案例,分析公路带状地形测绘中无人机航测系统的具体应用策略,希望能够为相关人士提供帮助。
关于现代测绘技术在土地调查中的应用分析
Authors: 余 蛟龙 , 刘 书南
Published: September 2020

现代测绘技术和我国传统的测绘基础相比较,具有信息获取较为高效的特点,因此,在我国土地调查工作中的应用也逐渐广泛,在很大程度上也提高了土地调查工作的效率和质量。基于此,文章就土地调查的概述、现代测绘技术在土地调查中的应用价值以及具体应用方面进行了简单分析,希望对实现现代测绘技术在我国土地资源调查工作中的更好应用有所启示和帮助。
GPSRTK技术在八达岭高速公路确权项目中的应用
Authors: 王 强
Published: September 2020

随着测绘新技术的飞速发展和应用,在一定程度上提高了测量的作业效率和工程质量。其中,GPSRTK测量技术不仅拥有GPS的技术优势,而且得到了进一步的发展和改进,在测量中得到了广泛的应用。基于此,本文主要阐述GPSRTK测量技术在八达岭高速公路确权项目中的应用。
遥感技术在地质灾害调查中的应用研究
Authors: 周 志全 , 霍 新琴
Published: September 2020

本文从遥感技术的概念出发,对其在地质灾害调查中的应用价值进行了详细说明,进而在此基础上,就遥感技术在地质灾害调查中的应用情况进行了研究,以期推动后续工作的顺利开展,保障地区人民生命财产安全。
GPS测量技术及其在工程测量中的应用分析
Authors: 曾 波
Published: September 2020

本文首先分析了GPS系统的概念以及原理,然后针对其技术特点进行了简要说明,进而在此基础上,就GPS测量技术在工程测量中的应用情况进行了探究,希望本文的论述可以为推进GPS测量技术的更好应用提供一些意见上的参考。
分析基于卫星InSAR技术的地质灾害隐患点探测与形变
Authors: 尹 东彬 , 刘 剑
Published: September 2020

地质灾害现象的出现对社会和周围自然环境带来了极大程度的影响。在近些年中,我国逐渐加大了对地质灾害的重视力度,其中,合成孔径雷达干涉测量由于具备全天候、高精度和大范围监测的作用而被广泛应用到了地质灾害隐蔽点监测方面。在本篇文章中,主要论述了基于卫星InSAR技术的地质灾害隐患点探测与形变情况。
矿山工程测量中RTK技术的应用及发展研究
Authors: 郑 晓阳
Published: September 2020

RTK技术结合了全球卫星导航系统的数据通信技术特点,这项技术操作便利、实时监测精度高,在现代矿山工程测量中得到了广泛应用,在现代社会经济的发展中,矿产资源得到了社会各界的广泛关注,矿产经济发展核心已转移到矿产资源的全面开发和利用方面,为矿山工程测量的有效实施提供了保障。
倾斜摄影测量技术在不动产测绘中的应用策略
Authors: 李 斌
Published: September 2020

随着社会经济的迅速发展,倾斜摄影测量技术得以运用与发展,以同一物体为对象,通过多个传感器的相互影响作用,能够迅速的采集数据,整理信息,并将物体的真实面貌全面反应到位,此种方式下弥补了传统航拍技术与测量技术的不足,保证了数据测量的准确性和信息获取的高效性,因而具有良好的价值性,基于此,本文首先讲解倾斜摄影测量技术的含义,随后从两个方面论述倾斜摄影测量技术在不动产测绘中的应用策略。以此供相关人士交流参考。
基于自相似性车载釆集城市街景图像的重建
Authors: 杨 志峰 , 潘 慧婕
Published: September 2020

普通的车载系统为了保证图像实时、高速的显示以及便于图像的存储,所以捕获的图像分别率会比较低。这种方式会导致无法在突发情况下从图像中提取有效信息。针对这种情况,本文就如何对低分辨率图像进行超分辨率重建进行分析研究。本文研究采用的算法是基于图像的自相似性,通过放射变换和透视变换的方式匹配图像块,并在过程中对图像信息采用高频补偿的方式找回丢失的图像信息,不断丰富图像的细节信息,使图像达到超分辨率的重建。此次试验通过此算法并与三种典型的算法进行比对,比对结果表明该算法在评价指标上要强于其他算法,不仅提高了图像的分辨率还同时保持了图像的细节信息。
地质矿产勘查工作手段及方法研究
Authors: 林 业朋
Published: September 2020

随着中国经济的进一步发展,对矿产资源需求的越来越大以及绿色勘查的要求,也推进着地质矿产勘查工作手段和相关研究方法向更高要求进步。因此,本文充分整合现有地质矿产勘查技术,利用传统与现代技术手段相结合,希望在中国矿业勘探工作中发挥一定的作用。
一种实用的深孔爆破孔网参数计算方法
Authors: 董 佳臻 , 王 光荣 , 乌 永红 , 姚 志龙
Published: September 2020

目的：为了避免在不同高度工作台阶采用相同孔网参数导致的爆破效果一致性差,尽可能降低经验公式带来的不确定性,降低爆破设计门槛,提高爆破开采经济效益。方法：通过对露天深孔爆破中影响爆破效果的核心因素及受地质条件影响较大的因素进行实验求解,结合巴隆公式所体现的设计思想,通过理论计算的方法,对深孔爆破孔网参数进行求解,得出不同台阶高度时最佳爆破参数。结果：可简单的得出最佳单耗及最佳密集系数下对应的孔网参数,使工程各项成本得到控制,经济指标得以提升。
解析油田地质勘探开发技术
Authors: 李 乔
Published: September 2020

当前,石油勘探开发技术日益完善,各行各业对石油能源需求的扩张,也对石油勘探开发提出了更高的标准要求。而现有的地质勘探开发技术已经无法充分满足各行业对石油能源的需求。为此,油田企业要积极优化和改进地质勘探开发技术,以提高石油能源的开发效率。
An Obstacle Avoidance Approach Based on Naive Bayes Classifier
Authors: Shang Peiqiao , Li Wenqian
Published: September 2020

Obstacle avoidance plays an important role in mobile robot. However, the traditional methods of obstacle avoidance have difficulty in distinguishing multiple obstacles by edge detection. In this paper, the traditional obstacle avoidance methods are improved to realize the function of multi-obstacle avoidance. Regarding the implementation process, the LiDAR is used instead of the camera, which reduces the difficulty of handling image noise and achieves reliable obstacle detection. It can accurately detect the borders of the nearest obstacle even in complex environments and perform obstacle avoidance. Regarding the obstacle avoidance prediction, the model training is performed through the Naive Bayes classifier based on the three attributes of the velocity of the robot, the left boundary of the obstacle and the right boundary of the obstacle. In the training process, dataset was expanded to enhance the accuracy of classifier model. When the robot goes forward, the improved method enables the robot to move at a higher velocity. The results show the feasibility of advanced obstacle avoidance method by simulation.
O efeito da substituição tributária do ICMS que incide sobre a Pessoa Jurídica
Authors: Costa Keno Gleison Moraes da , Barroso Kelson de Almeida
Published: September 2020

O regime de substituição tributária (ST) é um meio de quota determinado pela Constituição Federal de 1988. Ele prove a contenção de modo antecipado do ICMS, sendo retirado ainda na primeira etapa do processo ou serviço que um produto percorre até o consumidor final. Esse processo é considerado como uma manobra do Estado para mitigar a sonegação de impostos e promover, efetivamente, o controle dos contribuintes. O objetivo principal será compreender seus conceitos e refletir sobre os efeitos da Substituição Tributária na administração financeira da pessoa jurídica, pois, para o governo, esta manobra é considerada benéfica às empresas, sobretudo na realização do recolhimento unificado dos impostos e na redução do tributo declarado, visto que os produtos liberados pelas fábricas e importadores já saem com suas devidas taxas. A metodologia norteadora foi baseada na revisão bibliográfica, e, dessa forma, contou-se com livros, artigos, revistas e sites oficiais, de modo a promover e evidenciar os aspectos relevantes para a compreensão e reflexão desta temática para fins acadêmicos bem como recorreu-se a outros materiais que possuem interesse nos impactos causados por essa ST destinada à pessoa jurídica. Conclui-se que a substituição tributária existe em todas os impostos importantes do encargo social, considerando sua relevância tanto para os órgãos arrecadadores quanto para a nossa sociedade.
Análisis del discurso: ''Otras gripes mataron más que eso''
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se basa en el área de la Sociolinguística Interaccional y los resultados del análisis de extractos de un discurso oral interactivo publicado en Correio Braziliense Política. El corpus oral constituido por la interacción verbal presentada por el Presidente del Brasil se utilizó como referencia. Los discursos utilizados por los políticos son mensajes difundidos a un público inmediato y de fácil acceso, incluida una sociedad de interacción. Los políticos transmiten sus mensajes a las personas con la capacidad de su discurso para ser entendidos o, por el contrario, pueden generar dudas o confusión en sus seguidores. Este artículo tenía como objetivo analizar los actos discursivos en el mensaje presidencial al comienzo de la pandemia de coronavirus en marzo de 2020. En esta iniciativa, los resultados revelaron la interpretación pragmática que tenía este discurso.
Análisis: Historia de la vida y narrativas interactivas en el contexto de la pandemia de coronavirus
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Este artículo se basa en el área de la Sociolinguística Interaccional y propone el análisis de extractos sobre una historia de vida y narrativas interactivas en contextos de la pandemia de coronavirus. Un primer corpus escrito y un segundo corpus oral basado en narrativas de vida se recogieron como referencia. En este análisis de historias de vida y narrativas interactivas en el contexto de la enfermedad del Coronavirus tenemos una secuencia discursiva que nos permitió evaluar e interpretar un cuento y varias experiencias vividas en este tiempo de pandemia que nuestro planeta ha enfrentado hasta el momento de la recopilación de datos.
Анализ дискурса: «Другие гриппы убили больше, чем это»
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Эта статья основана на области взаимодействия социолингвистики и результаты анализа выдержки из интерактивного устного дискурса, опубликованного в Correio Braziliense Pol'tica. Устный корпус, образоваваемый в результате устного взаимодействия, представленного президентом Бразилии, использовался в качестве эталона. Дискурсы, используемые политиками, являются посланиями, распространяемыми на немедленную и легкодоступную общественность, включая общество взаимодействия. Политики донести свои послания до людей, которые в состоянии их дискурса быть понятыми или, наоборот, могут вызвать сомнения или путаницу в своих последователях. Эта статья была направлена на анализ дискурсивных актов в послании президента в начале пандемии коронавируса в марте 2020 года. В этой инициативе результаты показали прагматическое толкование, которое имело этот дискурс.
Analisi del discorso: "Altre influenza hanno ucciso più di questo"
Authors: Maldonado Gabriel Orlando Quiñones
Published: September 2020

Questo articolo si basa sull'area della Sociolinguistica Interazionale e deriva dall'analisi di estratti da un discorso orale interattivo pubblicato su Correio Braziliense Polàtica. Il corpus orale costituito dall'interazione verbale presentata dal Presidente del Brasile è stato utilizzato come riferimento. I discorsi utilizzati dai politici sono messaggi diffusi a un pubblico immediato e facilmente accessibile, compresa una società di interazione. I politici trasmettono i loro messaggi alle persone con la capacità del loro discorso di essere comprese o, al contrario, possono generare dubbi o confusione nei loro seguaci. Questo articolo mirava ad analizzare gli atti discorsivi nel messaggio presidenziale all'inizio della pandemia di Coronavirus nel marzo 2020. In questa iniziativa, i risultati hanno rivelato l'interpretazione pragmatica che ha avuto questo discorso.
Why are Certain Students Further from Achieving Their Desired Level of English Proficiency?
Authors: CANOLLI MALLET Fëllanza
Published: September 2020

This study deals with proficiency of students towards English Language Learning.  It includes ELT strategies that can properly motivate students to learn the language without betraying where they come from. Although many of them are afraid that learning English might assimilate them, therefore, they hesitate to learn English due to their Educational system which makes them fearful of losing their identity.
Effects of Employee Motivation on Organizational Performance at Ethiopian Telecom South West Region Jimma
Authors: SHIFERAW DUBAGUS Wolde , NEGASH Eminent , ASMARE Aregu , KELKAY ESHETE Shimekit
Published: September 2020

The study examined the effects of employee motivation on organization performance of crews in Ethio telecom South West Region Jimma. The data were collected through self-administered questionnaire from 229 respondents and 219 were returned.  Both primary and secondary sources of data were consumed in this study. The quantitative research approach was implemented and simple random sampling technics were adopted to provide equal chances for respondents. Exploratory research design and data was analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The correlation analysis indicates that there was a positive relationship between the independent variables and dependent variables. The result of the regression implies that the independent variables  have accounted for 78.1% of variance in the dependent variable. Based on the outcome of the study, the researcher recommend that, it is better if the company focuses on employee motivation factors, mostly Promotion, employee benefit, teamwork and training so as to improve its performance.
Some Criminogenic Factors Affecting the Appearance of Corruption in Kosovo
Authors: BEKA Agnesa
Published: September 2020

Corruption as a phenomenon, not only destroys the economic base of a country, but it violates the basis of its legal system, legislation, judiciary, public-private institutions, cultural and health institutions, social policies of society and others. In order to know and study the phenomenon of corruption, we must definitely stop at some criminogenic factors which have a significant impact on the appearance of the occurrence of corruption. Thus, corruption as a criminal occurrence is present throughout the history of the state and human society and as such has always been considered as an immoral and harmful social occurrence. Corruption is especially expressed in times of crisis of certain societies, but also along with the strengthening of the state, the development of business activities, the interference of the state in the economy and the bureaucratization of society it has found its housing of presence as a criminal occurrence. Today, the occurrence of corruption has become one of the obvious problems in most countries almost all over the globe. Factors that have influenced the appearance of this occurrence are numerous, such as: the transition of society, economic crises, unemployment, poverty, mass media, the war and the circumstances of the war, the unresolved housing problems, etc. For this, in recent times, corruption has been characterized as one of the most negative social occurrence. Cooperation between relevant state institutions and citizens for this type of criminal activity is extremely important for detecting corruption as a criminal offense.
The Importance of Oral Language Proficiency in EFL Online Teaching Setting
Authors: AMITI Flora
Published: September 2020

English language, as an international language has been used in North Macedonia as a foreign language in schools for a considerable amount of time now. English teachers have tried to convey new ways of teaching this language, furthermore adapting to the main four skills in a meticulous manner.
However recently, all of the teachers, were confronted with a worldwide pandemic situation which shaped a different scenario of teaching. A different mechanism that all of the teachers are getting used to, which is online education. The purpose of this study is to analyze how effective was teaching English online for the pupils oral proficiency, whilst communication in English language was limited. Videoconferencing and converting lessons into videos and send them as documented evidence, were two of the main tools mostly used from teachers in schools in Gostivar. The methodology used for this research was qualitative, and it uses two instruments, an observation, and an interview.
The overall study results show that, even though pupils showed improvement in EFL (English as a foreign language) oral proficiency, since the materials used to lecture online where persuasive; some students also had difficulties learning autonomously, without depending on the teachers help. Furthermore, according to the interview responses, the appropriate and detailed lesson planning, helps in combining activities which would emphasize speaking more in online teaching classes.
Aplikasi Bokashi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula untuk Perbaikan Sifat Fisika Tanah Pasca Galian C dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum frustescens L.)
Authors: Hidayat Cecep , Supriadin Asep , Huwaida’a Fantyana , Rachmawati Yati Setiati
Published: September 2020

Tanah galian C yang memiliki sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah kurang baik dilirik untuk digunakan sebagai alternatif budidaya tanaman sayuran, namun perlu mendapat masukan teknologi berupa penambahan bahan organik dan pemanfaatan FMA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dan FMA dalam perbaikan sifat fisik tanah hasil tanaman cabai rawit Varietas Dewata. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial 2 faktor. Faktor petama pemberian bokashi eceng gondok dengan 4 taraf; tanpa pemberian, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1 dan 25 t ha-1. Faktor kedua pemberian FMA campuran sebanyak 3 taraf ; tanpa pemberian, 5 g polybag-1 dan 10 g polybag-1. Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot isi, porositas tanah, permeabilitas tanah, derajat infeksi, indeks panen, dan bobot basah buah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi bokashi dan FMA memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah (bobot isi, porositas tanah dan permeabilitas tanah), indeks panen,  dan bobot basah buah. Pengaruh mandiri aplikasi bokashi terjadi pada jumlah klorofil, adapun terhadap derajat infeksi yang berpengaruh inokulasi FMA. Aplikasi bokashi eceng gondok  15 t ha-1 dan FMA 5 g dapat digunakan pada budidaya tanaman cabai pada tanah galian C.