bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchard establishment and management.
Authors: Jafari M. , López-Corrales M. , Galán A. J. , Galván A. I. , Hosomi A. , Nogata H. , Ikegami H. , Balas F. , Serradilla M. J. , Garza-Alonso C. A. , Yavari A. , Ferguson L. , Sarkhosh A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter summarizes how fig growers can take advantage of the wide range of edible fig cultivars, their collective climatic and edaphic adaptability and the multiple methods of manipulating fig production to achieve the global fig production of today. Topics discussed include site selection, cultivar and rootstock selection, orchard design, land preparation before planting (site preparation), irrigation system selection and installation, planting and care of young trees, orchard floor management, fertilizer application, caprification (the process of transferring caprifig fruit pollen to the edible fig syconia by the fig wasp, Blastophaga psenes) management, harvesting, rainfed orchard establishment and management. Fig cultivation in Japan is described.
Fig wasps and pollination.
Authors: Kjellberg F. , van Noort S. , Rasplus J. Y.
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides information on the obligate mutualism between figs (Ficus carica) and its pollinator, the fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes). Some notes on the pollination biology of wild and cultivated figs are presented and details on some other fig pollinators are highlighted.
Soil and nutritional requirements.
Authors: Gordon P. , Ferguson L. , Brown P.
Published: May 2022

This paper explores the soil and nutritional requirements of Ficus carica. The macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur) and micronutrients (iron, zinc, copper, manganese, and boron), salinity and sodicity, and production practices of F. carica are discussed.
Fungal, bacterial and nematode diseases in figs.
Authors: Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R. , Bolboli Z. , Salmaninezhad F. , Michailides T. J.
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides a detailed description of the primary bacterial, fungal and nematode diseases of fig trees and fruits and the efficacy of individual control methods, including the integrated disease management approach.
Fig viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas.
Authors: Tzanetakis I. , Sabanadzovic S.
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides information on the symptoms, transmission, molecular and genetic characteristics and detection of some of the most important viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas infecting figs, such as the Fig mosaic virus, Fig badnavirus-1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 1, Fig leaf mottle-associated virus 2, Fig mild mottle associated virus, Fig fleck-associated virus, Fig latent virus-1, Fig cryptic virus, Citrus exocortis viroid, Hop stunt viroid, Apple dimple fruit viroid, Phytoplasma asteris and Phytoplasma solani.
Fig fruit maturity, harvest methods and technologies.
Authors: Jafari M. , Yavari A. , Crivelli M. , Crisosto C. H. , Sarkhosh A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents a summary of harvesting methods and technologies for both fresh and dried figs. Some information on fruit growth and development are presented and the importance of proper fig fruit maturity detection and harvesting time is discussed.
Postharvest physiology and physiological disorders of fresh fig fruits.
Authors: Ramezanian A. , Amiri A. , Crisosto C. H.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the high perishability of fresh fig fruits and their sensitivity to postharvest decay. The importance of cold storage along with postharvest treatments, such as modified atmosphere packaging, calcium treatment, SO2 fumigation, edible coating and other modern techniques, in the maintenance of fruit quality and reducing postharvest losses is also discussed.
Processing and industrialization.
Authors: Maghoumi M. , Amodio M. L. , Colelli G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides information on the various processing methods used to extend the storage life and prolong the quality of fig fruits, such as drying, freezing, canning and roasting, among others. The importance of processing in extending the shelf life, preventing nutrient loss, inhibiting biotic and abiotic degradation processes, lowering transportation, handling and storage costs, providing a consistent product supply important for marketing, optimizing product convenience and flexibility, utilizing more economical and disposable packaging and offering alternatives as a snack product is also discussed.
Fig and health.
Authors: Mahmoudi S. , Chawla A.
Published: May 2022

This book is a comprehensive summary of the scientific literatures that covers fig botany, production, processing, nutrition, and markets. It has 19 chapters that specifically discuss fig and: (1) history, archaeology, and culture; (2) taxonomy, botany, and physiology; (3) production and growing regions; (4) biodiversity, germplasm resources, and breeding methods; (5) cultivars around the world; (6) propagation techniques and nursery management; (7) environmental requirements and site selection; (8) orchard establishment and management; (9) wasps and pollination; (10) soil and nutritional requirements; (11) irrigation and water requirements; (12) fungal, bacterial, and nematode diseases; (13) viruses, viroids, and phytoplasmas; (14) arthropod pests and their management; (15) fruit maturity, harvest methods, and technologies; (16) postharvest physiology and physiological disorders of fresh fruits; (17) processing and industrialization; (18) health; and (19) world market.
World fig market.
Authors: Shokoohi Z. , Tarazkar M. H. , Polat A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter summarizes the global fig trends including production, importing and exporting countries, consumption, and the global market structure. The best current and future markets are identified. Export standards are also discussed.
Competing magnetic states and M–H loop splitting in core–shell NiO nanoparticles
Authors: Abbas Hur , Nadeem K , Hester J , Pervez M F , Yick S , Kostylev M , Letofsky-Papst Ilse , Ali B , Ulrich C , Krenn H
Published: May 2022

Magnetic relaxation in a nanoparticles system depends on the intra-particle interactions, reversal mechanism, the anisotropy field, easy axis distribution, particle volume, lattice defects, surface defects, materials composite, etc. Here we report the competing magnetic states between superparamagnetic blocking and Néel transition states in 14 nm core–shell NiO nanoparticles. A crossover temperature of 50 K was observed for both these states from the zero field cooled/field cooled magnetization curves taken at different fields. At crossover temperature, an interesting M–H loop splitting is observed which is attributed to the slow spin relaxation. This anomalous M–H loop splitting behaviour was found to be particle size dependent and suppressed for diameters above and below 14 nm which indicates a critical size for these competing magnetic states. Additional neutron diffraction experiments confirmed this observation. This experimental study provides a new insight for the understanding of intra-particle interactions in fine antiferromagnetic nanoparticles and obtained results are an important step towards deeper understanding of the competing/non-competing modes between superparamagnetic blocked and Néel transition states.
Quantitative ultrasound brain imaging with multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion
Authors: Li Yu-Bing , Wang Jian , Su Chang , Lin Wei-Jun , Wang Xiu-Ming , Luo Yi
Published: May 2022

High-resolution images of human brain are critical for monitoring the neurological conditions in a portable and safe manner. Sound speed mapping of brain tissues provides unique information for such a purpose. In addition, it is particularly important for building digital human acoustic models, which form a reference for future ultrasound research. Conventional ultrasound modalities can hardly image the human brain at high spatial resolution inside the skull due to the strong impedance contrast between hard tissue and soft tissue. We carry out numerical experiments to demonstrate that the time-domain waveform inversion technique, originating from the geophysics community, is promising to deliver quantitative images of human brains within the skull at a sub-millimeter level by using ultra-sound signals. The successful implementation of such an approach to brain imaging requires the following items: signals of sub-megahertz frequencies transmitting across the inside of skull, an accurate numerical wave equation solver simulating the wave propagation, and well-designed inversion schemes to reconstruct the physical parameters of targeted model based on the optimization theory. Here we propose an innovative modality of multiscale deconvolutional waveform inversion that improves ultrasound imaging resolution, by evaluating the similarity between synthetic data and observed data through using limited length Wiener filter. We implement the proposed approach to iteratively update the parametric models of the human brain. The quantitative imaging method paves the way for building the accurate acoustic brain model to diagnose associated diseases, in a potentially more portable, more dynamic and safer way than magnetic resonance imaging and x-ray computed tomography.
Large Seebeck coefficient resulting from chiral interactions in triangular triple quantum dots
Authors: Liu Yi-Ming , Wei Jian-Hua
Published: May 2022

We theoretically study thermoelectric transport properties through a triangular triple-quantum-dot (TTQD) structure in the linear response regime using the hierarchical equations of motion approach. It is demonstrated that large Seebeck coefficient can be obtained when properly matching the interdot tunneling strength and magnetic flux at the electron–hole symmetry point, as a result of spin chiral interactions in the TTQD system. We present a systematic investigation of the thermopower (the Seebeck coefficient) dependence on the tunneling strength, magnetic flux, and on-site energy. The Seebeck coefficient shows a clear breakdown of electron–hole symmetry in the vicinity of the Kondo regime, accompanied by the deviation from the semiclassical Mott relation in the Kondo and mixed-valence regimes, which result from the many-body effects of the Kondo correlated induced resonance together with spin chiral interactions.
Polyhedral silver clusters as single molecule ammonia sensor based on charge transfer-induced plasmon enhancement
Authors: Chen Jiu-Huan , Cheng Xin-Lu
Published: May 2022

The unique plasmon resonance characteristics of nanostructures based on metal clusters have always been the focus of various plasmon devices and different applications. In this work, the plasmon resonance phenomena of polyhedral silver clusters under the adsorption of NH3, N2, H2, and CH4 molecules are studied by using time-dependent density functional theory. Under the adsorption of NH3, the tunneling current of silver clusters changes significantly due to the charge transfer from NH3 to silver clusters. However, the effects of N2, H2, and CH4 adsorption on the tunneling current of silver clusters are negligible. Our results indicate that these silver clusters exhibit excellent selectivities and sensitivities for NH3 detection. These findings confirm that the silver cluster is a promising NH3 sensor and provide a new method for designing high-performance sensors in the future.
Generation of a blue-detuned optical storage ring by a metasurface and its application in optical trapping of cold molecules
Authors: Ling Chen , Yin Yaling , Liu Yang , Li Lin , Xia Yong
Published: May 2022

A scheme for storage of cold molecules in a hollow optical ring generated by a metasurface grating is proposed. The characteristics and intensity distribution related to the ring’s structural parameters and fabrication error tolerance are theoretically studied. The optical potential and dipole force required for the ring to trap magnesium monofluoride (MgF) molecules are also calculated. The dynamic behavior of MgF molecules in the storage ring is simulated by a Monte Carlo method, which shows that a metasurface-based optical storage ring can be used to trap molecules and is an interesting platform for research into ultracold quantum gases and their quantum-state manipulation.
Current-driven dynamics of skyrmion bubbles in achiral uniaxial magnets
Authors: Wu Yaodong , Jiang Jialiang , Tang Jin
Published: May 2022

We report dynamics of skyrmion bubbles driven by spin-transfer torque in achiral ferromagnetic nanostripes using micromagnetic simulations. In a three-dimensional uniaxial ferromagnet with a quality factor that is smaller than 1, the skyrmion bubble is forced to stay at the central nanostripe by a repulsive force from the geometry border. The coherent motion of skyrmion bubbles in the nanostripe can be realized by increasing the quality factor to ∼ 3.8. Our results should propel the design for future spintronic devices such as artificial neural computing and racetrack memory based on dipole-stabilized skyrmion bubbles.
Novel closed-cycle reaction mode for totally green production of Cu1.8Se nanoparticles based on laser-generated Se colloidal solution
Authors: Gu Zhangyu , Fan Yisong , Ye Yixing , Cai Yunyu , Liu Jun , Wu Shouliang , Li Pengfei , Hu Junhua , Liang Changhao , Ma Yao
Published: May 2022

Non-stoichiometric copper selenide (Cu2 – x
Se, x = 0.18 ∼ 0.25) nanomaterials have attracted extensive attentions due to their excellent thermoelectric, optoelectronic and photocatalytic performances. However, efficient production of Cu2 – x
Se nanoparticles (NPs) through a green and convenient way is still hindered by the inevitable non-environmentally friendly operations in common chemical synthesis. Herein, we initially reveal the coexistence of seleninic acid content and elemental selenium (Se) NPs in pulsed laser-generated Se colloidal solution. Consequently, we put forward firstly a closed-cycle reaction mode for totally green production of Cu1.8Se NPs to exclude traditional requirements of high temperature and toxic precursors by using Se colloidal solution. In such closed-cycle reaction, seleninic acid works as the initiator to oxidize copper sheet to release cuprous ions which can catalyze the disproportion of Se NPs to form

SeO

3

2
−

and Se2– ions and further produce Cu2 – x
Se NPs, and the by-product

SeO

3

2
−

ions promote subsequent formation of cuprous from the excessive Cu sheet. In experiments, the adequate copper (Cu) sheet was simply dipped into such Se colloidal solution at 70 °C, and then the stream of Cu1.8Se NPs could be produced until the exhaustion of selenium source. The conversion rate of Se element reaches to more than 75% when the size of Se NPs in weakly acidic colloidal solution is limited between 1 nm and 50 nm. The laser irradiation duration shows negative correlation with the size of Se NPs and unobvious impact to the pH of the solution which both are essential to the high yield of Cu1.8Se NPs. Before Cu sheet is exhausted, Se colloidal solution can be successively added without influences to the product quality and the Se conversion rate. Such green methodology positively showcases a brand-new and potential strategy for mass production of Cu2 – x
Se nanomaterials.
Phosphorus diffusion and activation in fluorine co-implanted germanium after excimer laser annealing
Authors: Wang Chen , Fan Wei-Hang , Xu Yi-Hong , Zhang Yu-Chao , Fan Hui-Chen , Li Cheng , Cheng Song-Yan
Published: May 2022

The diffusion and the activation of phosphorus in phosphorus and fluorine co-implanted Ge after being annealed by excimer laser are investigated. The results prove that the fluorine element plays an important role in suppressing phosphorus diffusion and enhancing phosphorus activation. Moreover, the rapid thermal annealing process is utilized to evaluate and verify the role of fluorine element. During the initial annealing of co-implanted Ge, it is easier to form high bonding energy F
n
V
m
clusters which can stabilize the excess vacancies, resulting in the reduced vacancy-assisted diffusion of phosphorus. The maximum activation concentration of about 4.4 × 1020 cm−3 with a reduced diffusion length and dopant loss is achieved in co-implanted Ge that is annealed at a tailored laser fluence of 175 mJ/cm2. The combination of excimer laser annealing and co-implantation technique provides a reference and guideline for high level n-type doping in Ge and is beneficial to its applications in the scaled Ge MOSFET technology and other devices.
Optical second-harmonic generation of Janus MoSSe monolayer
Authors: Bian Ce , Shi Jianwei , Liu Xinfeng , Yang Yang , Yang Haitao , Gao Hongjun
Published: May 2022

The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) monolayers have shown strong second-harmonic generation (SHG) owing to their lack of inversion symmetry. These ultrathin layers then serve as the frequency converters that can be intergraded on a chip. Here, taking MoSSe as an example, we report the first detailed experimental study of the SHG of Janus TMD monolayer, in which the transition metal layer is sandwiched by the two distinct chalcogen layers. It is shown that the SHG effectively arises from an in-plane second-harmonic polarization under paraxial focusing and detection. Based on this, the orientation-resolved SHG spectroscopy is realized to readily determine the zigzag and armchair axes of the Janus crystal with an accuracy better than ±0.6°. Moreover, the SHG intensity is wavelength-dependent and can be greatly enhanced (∼ 60 times) when the two-photon transition is resonant with the C-exciton state. Our findings uncover the SHG properties of Janus MoSSe monolayer, therefore lay the basis for its integrated frequency-doubling applications.
Pressure-induced stable structures and physical properties of Sr–Ge system
Authors: Han Shuai , Duan Shuai , Liu Yun-Xian , Wang Chao , Chen Xin , Sun Hai-Rui , Liu Xiao-Bing
Published: May 2022

We have systematically investigated the structures of Sr–Ge system under pressures up to 200 GPa and found six stable stoichiometric structures, they being Sr3Ge, Sr2Ge, SrGe, SrGe2, SrGe3, and SrGe4. We demonstrate the interesting structure evolution behaviors in Sr–Ge system with the increase of germanium content, Ge atoms arranging into isolated anions in Sr3Ge, chains in Sr2Ge, square units in SrGe, trigonal units and hexahedrons in SrGe2, cages in SrGe3, hexagons and Ge8 rings in SrGe4. The structural diversity produces various manifestations of electronic structures, which is of benefit to electrical transportation. Among them, these novel phases with metallic structures show superconductivity (maximum T
c ∼ 8.94 K for Pmmn Sr3Ge). Notably, the n-type semiconducting Pnma SrGe2 structure exhibits high Seebeck coefficient and excellent electrical conductivity along the y direction, leading to a high ZT value up to 1.55 at 500 K, which can be potential candidates as high-performance thermoelectrics. Our results will enable the development of fundamental science in condensed matter physics and potential applications in novel electronics or thermoelectric materials.
High efficiency of broadband transmissive metasurface terahertz polarization converter
Authors: Zhou Qiangguo , Li Yang , Li Yongzhen , Yao Niangjuan , Huang Zhiming
Published: May 2022

Terahertz wave is between microwave and infrared bands in the electromagnetic spectrum with the frequency range from 0.1 THz to 10 THz. Controlling and processing of the polarization state in terahertz wave are the focus due to its great influence on the characteristics. In this paper, a transmissive metasurface terahertz polarization converter is designed in 3D structure with an upper surface of ruler-like rectangular, an intermediate dielectric layer and a lower surface of metal grid wires. Numerical simulations of the converter show that the polarization conversion ratio (PCR) is above 99.9% at 0.288 THz–1.6 THz, the polarization rotation angle (PRA) is close to 90° at 0.06 THz–1.4 THz, and the ellipticity angle (EA) is close to 0° at 0.531 THz–1.49 THz. The origin of the efficient polarization conversion is explained by analyzing the electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, surface current, electric field energy density, and magnetic field energy density distributions of the converter at 1.19 THz and 0.87 THz, which are consistent with the energy transmittance and transmittance coefficient. In addition, the effects of different thickness and material of intermediate layer, thickness of upper surface material, polarized wave incidence angle, and metasurface materials on the performance of the polarization converter are discussed, and how they affect the conversion performance of the polarization converter are also explained. Our results provide a strong theoretical basis and technical support to develop high performance transmission-type terahertz polarization converters, and play an important role to promote the development of terahertz science and technology.
Structural evolution and bandgap modulation of layered β-GeSe2 single crystal under high pressure
Authors: Xie Hengli , Wang Jiaxiang , Wang Lingrui , Yan Yong , Guo Juan , Gao Qilong , Chao Mingju , Liang Erjun , Ren Xiao
Published: May 2022

Germanium diselenide (GeSe2) is a promising candidate for electronic devices because of its unique crystal structure and optoelectronic properties. However, the evolution of lattice and electronic structure of β-GeSe2 at high pressure is still uncertain. Here we prepared high-quality β-GeSe2 single crystals by chemical vapor transfer (CVT) technique and performed systematic experimental studies on the evolution of lattice structure and bandgap of β-GeSe2 under pressure. High-precision high-pressure ultra low frequency (ULF) Raman scattering and synchrotron angle-dispersive x-ray diffraction (ADXRD) measurements support that no structural phase transition exists under high pressure up to 13.80 GPa, but the structure of β-GeSe2 turns into a disordered state near 6.91 GPa and gradually becomes amorphous forming an irreversibly amorphous crystal at 13.80 GPa. Two Raman modes keep softening abnormally upon pressure. The bandgap of β-GeSe2 reduced linearly from 2.59 eV to 1.65 eV under pressure with a detectable narrowing of 36.5%, and the sample under pressure performs the piezochromism phenomenon. The bandgap after decompression is smaller than that in the atmospheric pressure environment, which is caused by incomplete recrystallization. These results enrich the insight into the structural and optical properties of β-GeSe2 and demonstrate the potential of pressure in modulating the material properties of two-dimensional (2D) Ge-based binary material.
Fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium atoms
Authors: Bai Zhi-Da , Zhong Zhen-Xiang , Yan Zong-Chao , Shi Ting-Yun
Published: May 2022

The fine and hyperfine structures of pionic helium metastable states is calculated within the formalism of the Breit–Pauli Hamiltonian by using the variationally generated wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates. Our results not only verify the existing values of Hori et al. [Phys. Rev. A
89, 042515 (2014)] for the fine structure of π
4He+, but also determine the hyperfine structure of π
3He+.
Improvement of a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution system via quantum scissors
Authors: Kong Lingzhi , Liu Weiqi , Jing Fan , Zhang Zhe-Kun , Qi Jin , He Chen
Published: May 2022

We propose a new scheme to enhance the performance of the Gussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) system via quantum scissors (QS) operation at Bob’s side. As an non-deterministic amplifying setup, we firstly introduce the QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD protocol and then investigate the success probability of the QS operation in accordance with the equivalent one-way scheme. Afterwards, we investigate the effect of the QS operation on the proposed scheme and analyze the performance of the QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD system under the extreme asymmetric circumstance. Simulation results show that the QS operation can indeed improve the performance of the CV-MDI-QKD system considerably. QS-enhanced CV-MDI-QKD protocol outperforms the original CV-MDI-QKD protocol in both the maximum transmission distance and the secret key rate. Moreover, the better the performance of QS operation, the more significant the improvement of performance of the system.
An all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation of the local field in a Rydberg atom-based mixer
Authors: Liu Xiu-Bin , Jia Feng-Dong , Zhang Huai-Yu , Mei Jiong , Liang Wei-Chen , Zhou Fei , Yu Yong-Hong , Liu Ya , Zhang Jian , Xie Feng , Zhong Zhi-Ping
Published: May 2022

Recently, a Rydberg atom-based mixer was developed to measure the phase of a radio frequency (RF) field. The phase of the signal RF (SIG RF) field is down-converted directly to the phase of a beat signal created by the presence of a local RF (LO RF) field. In this study, we propose that the Rydberg atom-based mixer can be converted to an all-optical phase detector by amplitude modulation (AM) of the LO RF field; that is, the phase of the SIG RF field is related to both the amplitude and phase of the beat signal. When the AM frequency of the LO RF field is the same as the frequency of the beat signal, the beat signal will further interfere with the AM of the LO RF field inside the atom, and then the amplitude of the beat signal is related to the phase of the SIG RF field. The amplitude of the beat signal and the phase of the SIG RF field show a linear relationship within the range of 0 to π/2 when the phase of the AM is set with a difference π/4 from the phase of the LO RF field. The minimum phase resolution can be as small as 0.6° by optimizing the experimental conditions according to a simple theoretical model. This study will expand and contribute to the development of RF measurement devices based on Rydberg atoms.
A self-driven photodetector based on a SnS2/WS2 van der Waals heterojunction with an Al2O3 capping layer
Authors: Wang Hsiang-Chun , Lin Yuheng , Liu Xiao , Deng Xuanhua , Ben Jianwei , Yu Wenjie , Zhu Deliang , Liu Xinke
Published: May 2022

Photodetectors based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted considerable attention because of their unique properties. To further improve the performance of self-driven photodetectors based on van der Waals heterojunctions, a conductive band minimum (CBM) matched self-driven SnS2/WS2 van der Waals heterojunction photodetector based on a SiO2/Si substrate has been designed. The device exhibits a positive current at zero voltage under 365 nm laser illumination. This is attributed to the built-in electric field at the interface of the SnS2 and WS2 layer, which will separate and transport the photogenerated carriers, even at zero bias voltage. In addition, the Al2O3 layer is covered by the surface of the SnS2/WS2 photodetector to further improve the performance, because the Al2O3 layer will introduce tensile stress on the surface of the 2D materials leading to a higher electron concentration and smaller effective mass of electrons in the films. This work provides an idea for the research of self-driven photodetectors based on a van der Waals heterogeneous junction.
High-performance amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistor nonvolatile memory with a novel p-SnO/n-SnO2 heterojunction charge trapping stack
Authors: Xiong Wen , Huo Jing-Yong , Wu Xiao-Han , Liu Wen-Jun , Zhang David Wei , Ding Shi-Jin
Published: May 2022

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) memories with novel p-SnO/n-SnO2 heterojunction charge trapping stacks (CTSs) are investigated comparatively under a maximum fabrication temperature of 280 °C. Compared to a single p-SnO or n-SnO2 charge trapping layer (CTL), the heterojunction CTSs can achieve electrically programmable and erasable characteristics as well as good data retention. Of the two CTSs, the tunneling layer/p-SnO/n-SnO2/blocking layer architecture demonstrates much higher program efficiency, more robust data retention, and comparably superior erase characteristics. The resulting memory window is as large as 6.66 V after programming at 13 V/1 ms and erasing at –8 V/1 ms, and the ten-year memory window is extrapolated to be 4.41 V. This is attributed to shallow traps in p-SnO and deep traps in n-SnO2, and the formation of a built-in electric field in the heterojunction.
High-sensitive phototransistor based on vertical HfSe2/MoS2 heterostructure with broad-spectral response
Authors: Deng Wen , Wang Li-Sheng , Liu Jia-Ning , Xiang Tao , Chen Feng-Xiang
Published: May 2022

Van der Waals heterostructures based on the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials have attracted increasing attention due to their attractive properties. In this work, we demonstrate a high-sensitive back-gated phototransistor based on the vertical HfSe2/MoS2 heterostructure with a broad-spectral response from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared and an efficient gate tunability for photoresponse. Under bias, the phototransistor exhibits high responsivity of up to 1.42×103 A/W, and ultrahigh specific detectivity of up to 1.39×1015 cm⋅Hz1/2⋅W−1. Moreover, it can also operate under zero bias with remarkable responsivity of 10.2 A/W, relatively high specific detectivity of 1.43×1014 cm⋅Hz1/2⋅W−1, ultralow dark current of 1.22 fA, and high on/off ratio of above 105. These results should be attributed to the fact that the vertical HfSe2/MoS2 heterostructure not only improves the broadband photoresponse of the phototransistor but also greatly enhances its sensitivity. Therefore, the heterostructure provides a promising candidate for next generation high performance phototransistors.
Exclusive vector meson production with the analytical solution of Balitsky-Kovchegov equation *
Authors: Wang Xiao-Peng , Kou Wei , Xie Gang , Xie Ya-Ping , Chen Xu-Rong
Published: May 2022

Exclusive vector meson production is an excellent probe for describing the structure of protons. In this study, based on the dipole model, the differential cross sections, total cross sections, and ratios of the longitudinal to transverse cross section of the

and

productions are calculated with the analytical solution of the Balitsky-Kovchegov (BK) equation. In addition, we consider the influences of two meson wave function models on the results. Our predictions, which are slightly sensitive to meson wave functions, agree with the experimental data. The analytical solution of the BK equation is reliable for description of exclusive vector meson productions in a certain range of

.
Possible multiple antimagnetic rotational bands in odd-A
103,105Pd and 109Cd nuclei *
Authors: Pan Yu-Kun , Ma Ke-Yan , Lu Jing-Bin
Published: May 2022

The positive-parity signature partner bands in 103,105Pd and 109Cd nuclei are investigated using the classical particle-rotor model. Based on the systematic study of neighbouring nuclei, the signature partner bands of 105Pd are assigned to the

configuration, and this assignment is also supported by the present calculations. Furthermore, the calculated

values of such bands of 105Pd reproduce the experimental values well and exhibit a decrease with increasing angular momentum, suggesting that these two bands may originate from antimagnetic rotation. Similar signature partner bands are also found in the neighboring 103Pd and 109Cd nuclei. The properties of both bands are in general agreement with the fingerprints of antimagnetic rotation, and thus the signature partner bands of 103Pd and 109Cd are suggested to be candidates for the multiple antimagnetic rotational bands of 105Pd. In addition, the evolution of the two-shears-like mechanism for possible multiple antimagnetic rotational bands in 103,105Pd and 109Cd nuclei is examined by investigating the orientation of the angular momenta.
Hadron production with collinearly-improved unintegrated gluon distributions in high energy proton-proton collisions *
Authors: Zhao Wenduo , Xiang Wenchang , Wang Mengliang , Cai Yanbing , Zhou Daicui
Published: May 2022

The collinearly-improved Balitsky-Kovchegov (ciBK) equation evolved unintegrated gluon distribution (UGD) is used for the first time to study hadron production in high energy proton-proton collisions in order to improve the predictive power of the Color Glass Condensate effective theory. We show that the ciBK equation evolved UGD provides a relatively better description of LHC data on the transverse momentum and integrated multiplicity distributions of charged hadron and neutral pion production for several collision energies compared with the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov (rcBK) equation evolved UGD. This is because the ciBK evolved UGD has a sharper transverse momentum distribution than the rcBK UGD. The impact of running coupling prescriptions on hadron production is studied, and it is found that the parent dipole and smallest dipole running coupling prescriptions provide similar depictions of the data. Moreover, the scale dependence of the fragmentation function is investigated by taking three typical values of scale. We find that the differences resulting from the scale dependence of the fragmentation function can be fully absorbed into the normalization factor, which lumps higher order corrections.
Evaluation of signal analysis algorithms for ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Guggenberger Robert , Trunk Bettina Hanna , Canbolat Sine , Ziegler Lukas , Gharabaghi Alireza
Published: May 2022

Objective. Evaluating ipsilateral motor-evoked potentials (iMEP) induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation is challenging. In healthy adults, isometric contraction is necessary to facilitate iMEP induction; therefore, the signal may be masked by the concurrent muscle activity. Signal analysis algorithms for iMEP evaluation need to be benchmarked and evaluated. Approach. An open analysis toolbox for iMEP evaluation was implemented on the basis of 11 previously reported algorithms, which were all threshold based, and a new template-based method based on data-driven signal decomposition. The reliability and validity of these algorithms were evaluated with a dataset of 4244 iMEP from 55 healthy adults. Main results. iMEP estimation varies drastically between algorithms. Several algorithms exhibit high reliability, but some appear to be influenced by background activity of muscle preactivation. Especially in healthy subjects, template-based approaches might be more valid than threshold-based ones. Measurement of iMEP persistence requires algorithms that reject some trials as MEP negative. The stricter the algorithms reject trials, the less reliable they generally are. Our evaluation identifies an optimally strict and reliable algorithm. Significance. We show different benchmarks and propose application for different use cases.
Thermal tolerance in the millipedeEuryurus leachiiGray (Polydesmida: Euryuridae)
Authors: Barnes Lindsey A , Lawhorn Kane A , Yanoviak Stephen P
Published: May 2022

Temperature extremes often limit animal distributions. Whereas some poikilotherms (e.g., winged insects) can escape local thermal extremes, many less vagile organisms (e.g., insect larvae and arthropods with limited dispersal ability) are at the mercy of local microenvironmental conditions. Here, we quantified the thermal tolerance of an abundant, endemic, Nearctic millipede (Euryurus leachii), and explored the effects of seasonality, mass, and sex on its critical thermal maxima (CTmax). We also measured the thermal microenvironments of dead wood representing different decay classes. Overall, the mean CTmax for this species was ca. 40.5°C. Mass and sex had no effect on millipede CTmax. However, the mean CTmax for millipedes collected in the fall was 0.6°C higher than for individuals collected in the spring. An exposed dry log representing one common microhabitat for E. leachii readily warmed to temperatures exceeding its CTmax. The results suggest that CTmax is a seasonally plastic trait in E. leachii and that microclimatic conditions potentially limit the local distribution of this species. With habitat fragmentation and climate change contributing to warmer temperatures in forested systems, understanding the responses of detritivores like E. leachii can help predict potential shifts in community composition and ecosystem processes.
New therapies for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Meier Mackenzi L , Pierce Kristen N
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This review of chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including new and emerging evidence for treatment of patients with this condition, is intended to offer data supporting the use of specific agents for this patient population.

Chronic heart failure is a major health concern affecting millions of Americans annually and remains a significant burden on the healthcare system. Heart failure is divided into categories based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Current treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, defined by an LVEF of less than 40%, involve a variety of agents with established morbidity and mortality benefits. This is in stark contrast to directed treatments for patients with HFpEF, defined by an LVEF of greater than 50%. Treatments for this form of heart failure have been elusive until recently, when studies were published with sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin. Results of the PARAGON-HF trial suggested benefit from sacubitril/valsartan in patients with an ejection fraction between 45% and 57%, leading to its approval in 2021 as the first medication indicated for treatment of patients with a preserved ejection fraction. Months later, the results of the EMPEROR-Preserved trial demonstrated a statistically significant benefit in the composite outcome of heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death in patients with HFpEF taking empagliflozin. This medication has yet to gain approval for HFpEF; however, these data along with ongoing and future trials will likely impact standard treatment for these patients.

Conclusion

The PARAGON-HF and EMPEROR-Preserved trials will serve as the foundation for a new era in the treatment of HFpEF.
Does Higher Intraoperative Fraction of Inspired Oxygen Improve Complication Rates Following Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Rowley Mallory A , Thawanyarat Kometh , Shah Jennifer K , Cai Lawrence , Turner Elizabeth , Manrique Oscar J , Thornton Brian , Nazerali Rahim
Published: May 2022

Background

The surgical literature debates about whether an average intraoperative fractional inspired level of oxygen (FiO2) greater than 80% confers lower postsurgical complication rates. Although some evidence demonstrates minimal or no difference in short-term mortality or surgical site infections, few studies suggest negative long-term outcomes.

Objectives

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining the relationship between intraoperative FiO2 levels and postoperative outcomes in the setting of immediate prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the complication profiles of 309 patients who underwent prepectoral 2-stage breast reconstruction following mastectomy between 2018 and 2021 at a single institution. Two cohorts were created based on whether intraoperative FiO2 was greater than 80% or less than or equal to 80%. Complication rates between the cohorts were analyzed using Chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and multivariable logistic regressions. Variables examined included demographic information; smoking history; preexisting comorbidities; history of chemotherapy, radiation, or axillary lymph node dissection; and perioperative information.

Results

Chi-squared and multivariable regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference between cohorts in complication rates other than reoperation. Reoperation rates were significantly increased in the FiO2 greater than 80% cohort (P = 0.018). Multivariable logistic regression also demonstrated that the use of acellular dermal matrix was significantly associated with increased postoperative complications (odds ratio 11.985; P = 0.034).

Conclusions

Complication rates did not statistically differ in patients with varying intraoperative FiO2 levels outside of reoperation rates. In the setting of implant-based prepectoral breast reconstruction, hyperoxygenation likely does not lead to improved postsurgical outcomes.

Level of Evidence: 3
Mutagenesis Analysis of GMN Motif in Arabidopsis thaliana Mg2+ Transporter MRS2-1
Authors: Yang Xiaoyu , Kobayashi Natsuko I , Hayashi Yoshiki , Ito Koichi , Moriwaki Yoshitaka , Terada Tohru , Shimizu Kentaro , Hattori Motoyuki , Iwata Ren , Suzuki Hisashi , Nakanishi Tomoko M , Tanoi Keitaro
Published: May 2022

Magnesium is an important nutrient for plants, but much is still unknown about plant Mg2+ transporters. Combining with the structural prediction of AlphaFold2, we used mutagenesis and 28Mg uptake assay to study the highly conserved “GMN” motif of Arabidopsis thaliana MRS2-1 (AtMRS2-1) transporter. We demonstrated that the glycine and methionine in GMN motif are essential for AtMRS2-1 to transport Mg2+.
Previous inter-sexual aggression increases female mating propensity in fruit flies
Authors: Filice David C S , Dukas Reuven
Published: May 2022

Female mate choice is a complex decision making process that involves many context-dependent factors. Understanding the factors that shape variation in female mate choice has important consequences for evolution via sexual selection. In many animals including fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, males often use aggressive mating strategies to coerce females into mating, but it is not clear if females’ experience with sexual aggression shapes their future behaviors. Here, we used males derived from lineages that were artificially selected to display either low or high sexual aggression toward females to determine how experience with these males shapes subsequent female mate choice. First, we verified that males from these lineages differed in their sexual behaviors. We found that males from high sexual aggression backgrounds spent more time pursuing virgin females, and had a shorter mating latency but shorter copulation duration compared with males from low sexual aggression backgrounds. Next, we tested how either a harassment by or mating experience with males from either a high or low sexual aggression backgrounds influenced subsequent female mate choice behaviors. We found that in both scenarios, females that interacted with high sexual aggression males were more likely and faster to mate with a novel male one day later, regardless of the male’s aggression level. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of flexible polyandry as a mechanism that benefits females.
Creating ‘Communities of Practice’ to Enhance Ecosocial Work: A Comparison between Finland and Australia
Authors: Boetto Heather , Närhi Kati , Bowles Wendy
Published: May 2022

This article reports on findings from a small qualitative study in two industrialised countries—Finland and Australia, which aimed to engage social work practitioners in ‘communities of practice’ to collaboratively explore ecosocial work practice. Using a Participatory Action Research approach, a series of workshops were established to plan, implement and evaluate ecosocial work interventions. Data were gathered using qualitative pre- and post-surveys to examine changes to practice, including similarities and differences between Finnish and Australian practitioners. Overall, results indicated that practitioner engagement in the workshops increased their capacity to implement ecosocial work interventions in both countries. Despite differences identified between Finnish and Australian practitioners at the pre-survey phase, many changes identified at the post-survey phase were aligned. These post-changes involved growth in practitioners’ personal and professional awareness about ecosocial work, as well as observed positive changes within the organisations they worked. Interestingly, organisations were identified as both a barrier and enabler to implementing ecosocial work interventions. The authors conclude that whilst further research is needed, ‘communities of practice’ established through the workshops enhanced the practical application of ecosocial work and may provide a way forward for progressing ecosocial work and the profession’s response to the global environmental crisis.
Evidence of Clinical Impact Supports a New Petition for Medicare Coverage of 2-[18F]Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Focused Literature Review and Call to Action
Authors: Thottacherry Elizabeth , Cortés-Penfield Nicolás W
Published: May 2022

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) causes considerable morbidity and mortality and requires comprehensive assessment for metastatic infection. The roles of routine imaging beyond echocardiography in SAB, including 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT), remain contentious. We performed a literature review of studies reporting impact of 18F-FDG-PET/CT on the clinical management or outcomes of SAB published through 1 March 2022. We identified 7 observational studies in which 18F-FDG-PET/CT frequently identified metastatic foci of infection, revealed foci undetected by prior investigations, led to additional source control procedures, and was associated with fewer infection relapses and lower mortality. Calculated numbers needed to treat for receipt of 18F-FDG-PET/CT were 7–9 to change antimicrobial therapy, 10–27 to lead to an additional source control procedure, and 4–8 to prevent death. These data are comparable to the evidence for clinical impact of other diagnostic modalities accepted as standard of care in SAB, and form a compelling basis for advocacy to expand access to 18F-FDG-PET/CT.
China’s Approach to International Law: From Traditional Westphalianism to Aggressive Instrumentalism in the Xi Jinping Era
Authors: Wang Jiangyu , Cheng Huaer
Published: May 2022

China has been expanding its engagement with the international legal order for decades,1 yet its general approach to international law remains mysterious or at least hard to understand. This article provides a preliminary examination of China’s contemporary international legal stance. It argues that, although China has appeared to be a follower of the traditional Westphalianism, it is at heart an instrumentalist in terms of complying with international law. In the Xi Jinping era, China’s approach to international law can be characterized as ‘aggressive instrumentalism’, though Xi Jinping’s ‘Community of Shared Future for Mankind’ concept has arguably also demonstrated a certain degree of idealism.
Atlantic White-Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides[L.] B.S.P.) Response Post-Hurricane Disturbance
Authors: Hale Clayton W , Granger Joshua J , Correa Sandra B , DuBien Janice L , Siegert Courtney M
Published: May 2022

Atlantic white-cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides [L.] B.S.P.) is considered critically imperiled across much of its range. This species occurs in freshwater swamps, rarely further inland than 160 km from the Atlantic or Gulf Coasts and is susceptible to several natural and anthropogenic disturbances (i.e., tropical cyclones, fire, saltwater inundation, overharvesting). As the frequency and intensity of tropical storms increase, understanding the regeneration of Atlantic white-cedar will be critical to its conservation. This study evaluated the regeneration of Atlantic white-cedar 14 years after Hurricane Katrina. All Atlantic white-cedar ≥2.5 cm at breast height were inventoried within an ~9 ha study area located within Grand Bay National Wildlife Refuge in Jackson County, Mississippi, USA. Additionally, the competing woody vegetation was surveyed. After Hurricane Katrina, the number of Atlantic white-cedar stems increased by 191%. This long-term study provides the first analysis of Atlantic white-cedar regeneration post–tropical cyclone disturbance within the Gulf Coast and allows conservationists a better understanding of the effects of tropical cyclone disturbance on this species.