bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Small Business, Big Questions: The Legal Landscape of Single-Member Limited Liability Companies Post-Job Creation Law
Authors: Sahabuddin Rahmi , Paserangi Hasbir , Marwah Marwah
Published: January 2025

The establishment of Single-Member Limited Liability Companies through Indonesia’s Job Creation Law signifies a major transformation in the country's business framework, aimed at fostering entrepreneurial development, particularly for micro and small enterprises. However, it also raises legal and governance concerns, including potential conflicts of interest, misuse of assets, and insufficient regulatory oversight. This study adopts a normative juridical approach with case and comparative approaches to explore the legal responsibilities of single-member company founders. The findings reveal that while the model enhances business accessibility, the concentration of ownership and management in one individual often leads to moral hazards, such as blending personal and corporate assets, inadequate financial disclosures, and exploitation of limited liability protections. To address these challenges, the research emphasizes the importance of stronger governance measures, including mandatory financial audits, enhanced reporting obligations, and stricter enforcement of good corporate governance principles. Comparative insights from other countries, such as those in the European Union and Southeast Asia, illustrate effective practices for improving legal accountability and mitigating risks, ultimately contributing to sustainable economic growth.
Research on the Correlation between Certain Metrics for Evaluating Team Effectiveness in an Industrial Enterprise
Authors: Demirova Siyka , Lesidrenska Svetlana , Yorgova Juliana
Published: January 2025

Team performance metrics are essential for the successful functioning of any organization. They provide objective data that helps the management team understand how the team is performing and where improvements can be made. Although the concept of team performance metrics is relatively new, it has undergone significant development over time. They have evolved from simple indicators to more complex and integrated assessment systems that include various aspects of team performance, such as productivity, quality, communication and participant satisfaction. With the development of digital technologies, data collection and analysis tools have also developed, which contributes to the more effective use of team performance metrics. In this regard, the aim of the article is to prove the correlation between certain team performance metrics.
Managing Ukraine’s Potential for Socio-Economic Recovery: Assessment of Challenges and Development Prospects
Authors: Mulska Olha , Vasyltsiv Taras , Levytska Olha , Biletska Iryna , Boiko Vitalii
Published: January 2025

The article aims to assess the potential for socio-economic recovery of Ukraine and identify the reserves for its increase. The methodology is based on a system-structural approach using composite and recursive methods. The study includes data on Ukraine’s development potential by four groups (capital, labor, entrepreneurship, innovation) and markers of socio-economic recovery (gross domestic product, labor productivity, research expenditures, budget revenues, the ratio of income to the value of enterprise assets) for 2005-2023. The article reveals that the relationship between the total potential and Ukraine’s economic recovery is direct and short-term (a decrease in potential in 2007-2009, 2013-2014, and 2021-2023 by an average of 0.08 pp, 0.09 pp, and 0.8 pp, respectively, led to a decrease in the rate of socio-economic recovery by $1,300, $900, and $1,400 per capita, respectively). The rate of recovery with a 1% increase in the country’s total potential is twice as fast as the rate of loss of resistance and decrease in potential. The results allow identifying areas of Ukraine’s potential growth: increasing human capital investment, curbing youth migration, developing virtual employment, creating a favorable investment environment, strengthening infrastructure investment, creating a startup ecosystem, encouraging business with tax incentives, supporting export-oriented enterprises, developing innovation clusters, and digitalizing the economy.
Exploring the in-vitro and in-vivo trapanosomal Activities of Gacinia kola (Bitter kola) Seed Aqueous Extract using Animal Models
Authors: Abiodun Moses  Oluwaseun , Onyenweife Leonard Chikwado , Ekesiobi Anthony Obinna
Published: January 2025

Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a significant disease of economic and public health importance caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambianse parasite that affects humans. In 2014, WHO stated that 300,000 cases were reported to be diagnose and treated, and others died or lived with a disability based on the non-availability of the novel drugs, high toxicity, and development of resistance to the drug by the parasite. Therefore, using plant extract is fast becoming the choice for treating the disease. This study investigated the in-vitro and in-vivo trypanosomal activities of Garcinia kola (Bitter kola) aqueous seed extract as an alternative replacement for Diamininzene aceturate drug in the treatment of Trypanosomiasis Disease using animal modeling. The extract was obtained through the Maceration method with distilled water, and photochemical analysis was performed using various standard methods. In-vitro activity of the extract and Diaminizene aceturate drug was determined using rapid matching techniques at 3 hours post incubation with different doses of the extract and 3.5 mg/kg/bw of standarrd drug. In-vivo study was conducted using sixty-two (62) Wister rats divided into ten groups. Group A (standard control): noninfected and non-treated but received 10mL of distilled water; Group (B-H) were infected by intraperitoneal inoculation of 1mL of parasitized blood containing 1.0×105/ml of T. brucei gambianse parasites and treated with different doses of Garcinia kola seed extract, 200, 400 – 1400 mg/kg/bw; Group I: infected and treated with standard drug dose (Standard control); Group J: infected and untreated (Pathological control). The treatment lasted for 21 days at 3-day intervals. Data were analyzed statistically using Anova Turkeys post hoc SPSS version 2.0 software, with a significant difference at 0.01. The result revealed the photochemical components of the seed as Flavonoids, Steroids, tannins, saponins, Anthraquinones, glycosides, and carbohydrates. Garcinia kola seed extract exhibited trypanosostatic at doses of <400 mg and trypanocidal activity at doses > 400 mg in both in vitro and in v and in vivo, compared with trypanocidal activity of standard drug dose at 3.5 mg/kg/bw. Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract possesses trypanosostatic and trypanocidal effects in both In vivo and In vitro. Diamininzene aceturate drug proved to be trypanocidal at standard recommended dose. This study revealed that Garcinia kola aqueous seed extract might be used to design an alternative drug for treating trypanosomiasis disease at a lower concentration of 200mg/kg/BW.
“The University Needs All of Such Exposure It Can Get”
Authors: Covell Dan
Published: January 2025

This article examines Columbia University's efforts to create the opportunity for its men's basketball program to participate in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT). In 1969, the New York Urban League requested that Columbia play in the NIT to, in the words of assistant director Louie Torrence, “act as a motivational force for the black youngsters in the black ghetto.” The request might benefit Columbia, as the Lions could play in the new Madison Square Garden and in the process perhaps increase the program's recruiting exposure locally and nationally, to combat the growing national perception that it was a haven for violent dissent and to create positive connections with its surrounding neighborhood. Columbia administrators lobbied Ivy League decision-makers to allow members to accept an NIT bid should one be proffered but were rebuffed multiple times, which undercut a newly competitive program, which has never regained its short-lived prominence and failed to meet the university's objectives to alter negative public perceptions.
Sport and Second-Wave Feminism in the Pages of Ms. Magazine
Authors: Murtha Ryan
Published: January 2025

Among the most widely read women's magazines of its time, Ms. positioned itself as a forum in which all women would see their stories reflected and in which they would find coverage of the issues they cared about. As a result of this effort, sport became a recurring topic in the magazine from its earliest days. In this article, I examine the magazine's 1970s sports coverage to uncover how the magazine positioned itself vis-à-vis contemporary debates about sport within the broader feminist community. I find that while the magazine certainly afforded space to more radical perspectives, a liberal, assimilationist view toward sport proved to be the dominant one.
Implications of Second Language Acquisition Strategies for Chinese Vocabulary Teaching
Authors: Tian Kuohan
Published: January 2025

Vocabulary is the building material of language, and vocabulary teaching is a very important part in Chinese language teaching. Vocabulary learning has also been one of the focuses in second language acquisition research. Lack of vocabulary will make it difficult to improve any part of language learning such as listening, speaking, reading and writing. International Chinese language teachers should fully grasp theories of second language acquisition at home and abroad, pay attention to learners' acquisition, adhere to the principle of learner-centred and teacher-led, and adjust the teaching mode on this basis. Some studies have proved that the appropriate use of learning strategies can improve the efficiency of Chinese vocabulary acquisition, and at the same time, the study of the second language acquisition strategies used by learners will also play a positive role in promoting the teaching of international Chinese language teachers, who should improve the vocabulary teaching methods in accordance with the acquisition situation of the students, so as to optimise the teaching process.
COMPARISON OF VISUAL SHADE MATCHING ABILITY OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS
Authors: KHAN AA , ULLAH H , KHAN A , IQBAL S , SHAHZADI S , AYAZ U
Published: January 2025

Comparison of visual shades is essential in careers, such as dentistry since consistent color duplication is crucial for appearance. People have the skills to match shades in many aspects and lighting is among the most important factors that affect the versatility. Knowledge of how different lighting environments impact the ability of students to match shades visually can enhance educational approaches. Objectives: To compare the degree of the actual successful attempts of the subjects at the anatomic facial area and hair visual shade matching while being tested under different lighting conditions and superimpose the findings to determine the extent of influence of the conditions on the results. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Prosthodontics, Bacha Khan College of Dentistry from May 2024 to October 2024. The target population of this study was composed of three hundred undergraduate students and participants included one hundred and fifty students each undertaking visual shade-matching exercises under three distinct light sources; natural daylight, fluorescent, and LED lighting. Standardized shade tabs were used/ offered to the participants, who were asked to match them under those lighting. Accuracy data were collected, and thus analyses of the performances under various lighting conditions were made. The quantitative data variability was analyzed by using SD and p-value for statistical significance. Results: out of the 138 participants, those under natural daylight had the highest mean accuracy of 85.3% (SD ±5.4) out of 138 participants. Under fluorescent lighting, the percentage dropped to 78.1% (SD±6.1) with a higher standard deviation and highest error frequency. The application of LED lighting produced a mean accuracy of 82.7% (SD ± 5.9). Analysis of the result revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) across all lighting conditions with natural daylight being preferable for shade matching. Conclusions: In particular, the findings reveal that identifying the correct shade under natural daylight is the best in comparison to other lighting conditions and those scores are worst under fluorescent light. Optimal lighting conditions used during the training can improve students’ learning performance in shade-matching tasks.
Predictors of treatment control in severe chronic urticaria treated with omalizumab
Authors: Proença Miguel , Marcelino João , Vieira João , Guimarães Joana , Dias Carlota , Tomaz Elza
Published: January 2025

Background:

Real-life clinical research on biomarkers that predict therapy outcomes of severe chronic spontaneous urticaria patients receiving omalizumab (OMA) therapy is still limited. For this reason, we aimed to identify biomarkers that predict the response to OMA treatment.

Methods:

A single-center, observational, retrospective review of patients with severe chronic urticaria treated with OMA from January 2015 to January 2023 in a Portuguese Immunology and Allergy Department. One-way ANOVA and linear regression were used.

Results:

Data on 56 OMA-treated chronic spontaneous urticaria patients shows patients can be divided into 3 groups according to their response to OMA. The first group of 26 patients (46.4%) successfully reduced their IMA dose without experiencing any rebound effects. The second group of 19 (33.9%) patients achieved disease control but could not tolerate a progressive dose reduction, and the third group of 11 (19.6%) patients, required a higher dose to achieve disease control. In group 1, patient age and a favorable clinical response had a positive correlation (P = 0.008). The patient’s age was also correlated to the time interval until a dose reduction was tolerated (r = 0.69; P = 0.005). There was also a negative correlation between the ratio: thyroid peroxidase antibodies/total-IgE and a favorable clinical response (r = −0.74; P = 0.021). In group 2, thyroid peroxidase antibodies were negatively correlated with a favorable clinical response (r = −0.55; P = 0.027). In group 3, anti-double-stranded DNA was negatively correlated with a favorable clinical response (r = −0,97; P = 0,007).

Conclusion:

Our study suggests that older patients experience higher success rates with OMA compared to younger individuals, but increasing age is also associated with a longer interval before achieving successful dose reduction. Potential markers of resistance to OMA identified in our cohort included elevated levels of IgG-antithyroid peroxidase antibodies, positive anti-dsDNA antibodies, and a higher IgG-antithyroid peroxidase/total-IgE ratio.
The association of environmental house dust mite allergens and crustacean allergy: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS)
Authors: Kojima Reiji , Shinohara Ryoji , Kushima Megumi , Yui Hideki , Otawa Sanae , Horiuchi Sayaka , Miyake Kunio , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Yamagata Zentaro ,   the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Published: January 2025

Background:

The higher crustacean allergy prevalence in Asia than in Western regions may be due to a shrimp–mite cross-reaction. A high environmental house dust mite prevalence may lead to increased house dust mite sensitization and thereby increase the prevalence of crustacean allergy.

Objective:

To determine the association between environmental house dust mite allergens and crustacean allergy in Japanese preschool children.

Methods:

We used data from 4,242 mother–infant dyads who participated in the subcohort study of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a prospective birth cohort study. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between house dust mite allergens in dust at 18 months and 3 years of age and crustacean allergy at the age of 4 years.

Results:

The crustacean allergy prevalence was 0.4%. Greater house dust mite exposure at 18 months of age was associated with a higher prevalence of crustacean allergy, although this association was not statistically significant. However, there was no positive association between house dust mite exposure at 3 years of age and crustacean allergy.

Conclusions:

No association between house dust mite allergen exposure in infancy and the risk of crustacean allergy at preschool age was apparent. Follow-up studies, including investigation of tropomyosin sensitization in schoolchildren, are required.
Quality of life in patients with hereditary angioedema correlates with angioedema control: Our experience at Chandigarh, India
Authors: Sharma Rajni , Basu Suprit , Tyagi Reva , Siniah Sangeetha , Barman Prabal , Sil Archan , Machhua Sanghamitra , Chawla Sanchi , Pandiarajan Vignesh , Pilania Rakesh Kumar , Sharma Saniya , Dhaliwal Manpreet , Suri Deepti , Rawat Amit , Kumaran Sendhil M. , Dogra Sunil , Singh Surjit , Jindal Ankur Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is characterized by unpredictable acute attacks that impair the patient’s quality of life (QoL) not only due to the impact on functional abilities caused by edema but also due to pain and other symptoms, including fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.

Objectives:

QoL studies in patients with HAE have not been carried out in the Indian subcontinent. Hence, we carried out this study to assess the QoL and to identify factors associated with impaired QoL in patients with HAE.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in confirmed cases of HAE, aged >18 years, using angioedema QoL score and angioedema control test.

Results:

We enrolled 135 patients with HAE (aged 18–80 years) with a mean age of 40.93 years. We observed that the QoL directly correlates with angioedema control and is also affected by other factors such as gender, duration of follow-up, and the frequency of episodes. Genitalia swelling, positive family history, and presence of mortality due to HAE in the family also significantly impact the QoL of patients with HAE. In addition, patients with type 1 HAE reported a poorer QoL as compared to patients with type 2 HAE.

Conclusion:

We report the QoL of patients with HAE from settings where none of the first-line medications are available. Results of the study suggest that disease control is the most important factor that influences the QoL.
IgE-mediated coconut allergy in tropical Singapore
Authors: Tan Lynette Liling , Goh Si Hui , Lee May Ping , Loh Wenyin , Goh Anne , Chong Kok Wee
Published: January 2025

Background:

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a fruit belonging to the Arecaceae plant family. It is not a common allergen and literature on it is limited. Currently, there is a lack of data on coconut allergy in Asia, despite it being a fruit commonly used as a food ingredient in tropical Southeast Asia.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to describe the demographics, clinical features, and natural history of Singaporean children with IgE-mediated coconut allergy.

Methods:

A retrospective review was conducted for children diagnosed with coconut allergy in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Singapore between 2017 and 2022.

Results:

The diagnosis of coconut allergy was made in 41 patients based on convincing history of IgE-mediated allergic reaction and a positive test (prick-to-prick test to coconut water, coconut flesh, and/or specific immunoglobulin E). The median age at first reaction was 20 months (range: 6–96 months) with most reacting on first ingestion (80.5%). Majority presented with cutaneous reactions (90.2%). Anaphylaxis occurred in 9.8%, with all involving cutaneous and respiratory systems. Most reacted to coconut milk (34.1%). Majority (82.9%) had another food allergy and a personal history of atopy (90.2%). Median duration of follow-up was 35 months (range: 3–109). Only 1 of the 41 patients reported natural tolerance at 76 months.

Conclusions:

Although a relatively uncommon food allergy, coconut allergy is a significant problem as anaphylaxis occurs in 1 in 10 and appears to be a persistent allergy.
Clean Air for Asthma and Allergy Program (CAAP), a Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Multicomponent Interventions to Reduce Indoor Triggers in Childhood Asthma
Authors: Det-amnatkul Wiphada , Kulalert Prapasri , Nanthapisal Sira , Poachanukoon Orapan
Published: January 2025

Background:

Multicomponent interventions have been reported as effective strategies for improving allergen reduction and asthma control. However, few studies have evaluated the integration of an indoor air quality (IAQ) system and e-health as part of multicomponent interventions.

Objective:

To evaluate the effects of multicomponent interventions on house dust mite allergens, indoor particulate matter, and knowledge and trigger reduction behaviors (TRBs) of caregivers.

Methods:

Twelve pediatric asthmatic patients with dust mite sensitization were randomly assigned to either a multicomponent intervention group or a control group. In the multicomponent intervention group, IAQ systems were installed in participants’ bedrooms, bedding covers were provided, and asthma education was delivered through the LINE application, while the control group received conventional treatment. House dust mite allergen levels were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique, and particulate matter <2.5 micrometer diameter (PM2.5) concentrations were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks postenrollment. Questionnaires were used to evaluate TRBs and asthma knowledge among caregivers before and after the intervention.

Results:

There were decreased Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergen group 1 and Dermatophagoides farinae allergen group 1 levels in the multicomponent intervention group compared to the control group; however, the reduction was not statistically significant. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were significantly lower in the multicomponent intervention group compared to the control group after 4 and 8 weeks (P = 0.005). Statistically significant improvement in overall TRBs (P = 0.04) and a trend in improving asthma knowledge among caregivers were observed in the multicomponent intervention group compared to the control group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.06).

Conclusion:

Implementation of an IAQ system and asthma education through the LINE application, as part of multicomponent interventions, resulted in a significant reduction in indoor PM2.5 concentrations and improved TRBs among caregivers.
POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE SPHERE OF HEALTH INSURANCE
Authors: Tumanyan A. , Harutyunyan D.
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) and the rapid development of modern information technologies continue to impact all branches of the economy, including the insurance sector. Artificial intelligence in insurance is used for various purposes, from underwriting and pricing to claims processing, from fraud detection to customer service. This integration is evolving the industry, fundamentally changing how insurers assess risk, serve customers, and drive innovation in an industry historically characterized by risk aversion. Artificial intelligence is used in almost all insurance industries: health, auto, property, life, consumer, and more.

The possibilities of using AI in health insurance are noteworthy: simplification of claims processing, fraud detection and prevention, personalized insurance premiums, and dynamic pricing.

Within the framework of the article, the directions for using Artificial Intelligence in health insurance are discussed. As a result of studies, an attempt was made to automate the function of organizing customer service and health insurance tariff packages, for the implementation of which a Telegram bot was created. The bot works based on the Artificial Intelligence model, which was developed in the environment of the Python programming language. It enables the customer to receive a health insurance package with a personalized tariff plan after entering initial data online through a bot.
MEDICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF WEATHER TYPES IN URBAN SETTLEMENTS OF THE SHIRAK REGION
Authors: Valesyan A.
Published: January 2025

Weather variability can be discussed from different perspectives. In this article, we consider it from a medical-geographic point of view, when it leaves a significant impact on the human body, and especially in cases where there are diseases of a chronic nature. The change of weather-forming elements — air temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, cloud cover, winds — leads not only to the worsening of human well-being, but also to the exacerbation of diseases, although there are other contributing factors as well: neuropsychological condition of the population, socio-economic conditions, ecological conditions of the environment, etc.In two cities of the Shirak region — Gyumri and Artik, where approximately 53% of the region’s population is concentrated, there is high weather variability.In these settlements, there are adverse weather conditions affecting the health of people. Comparisons were made not only between weather types, but also according to months, the most unfavorable and, on the contrary, the most favorable regions were distinguished. The change of each weather-forming element has a certain effect on the organism, and therefore in these settlements, especially in Gyumri, the morbidity of the population is quite high. The analysis of the latter is done according to individual forms of disease, on the exacerbation or activation of which weather variability has the greatest impact. With the further examination of the obtained results and other researches, bioclimatogramsof the population of Gyumri and Artik can be made, with the separation of the most favorable and unfavorable time periods for health, with which certain preventive works can be carried out to reduce the impact of weather elements on the body by a number of means. With the right choice of clothes, healthy food and lifestyle, bioclimatogramscan help regulate the flow of unhealthy populations in health facilities and provide full medical service.
Strengthening the Financial Sustainability of Serbian Local Governments by Improving their Efficiency and Effectiveness
Authors: Vučetić Dejan
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the financial sustainability of local governments in Serbia, focusing
on the historical evolution of the local government system, revenue and expenditure trends,
and reforms aimed at enhancing efficiency and effectiveness. The findings indicate that while
the transition to a single-tier model and various reforms have provided stability, challenges
remain. Key issues include limited fiscal autonomy, demographic decline, and the disparities
of financial resources across municipalities. The paper highlights that although property tax
decentralization and the introduction of new local revenue sources have improved revenue
collection, differences in expenditure and resource allocation affect the equitable development
of local communities. The paper also identifies that administrative reforms, digitalization, and
inter-municipal cooperation have enhanced efficiency and service delivery, but further steps are
necessary to ensure comprehensive and sustained financial health. Ultimately, it suggests that to
achieve long-term financial sustainability, Serbian local governments need reforms that promote
greater fiscal autonomy, equitable resource allocation, and a balance between infrastructure
investment and social services, shifting towards the latter.
An Intelligent Decision Support Systems for Financial Fraud Detection Using Pythagorean Neutrosophic Bonferroni Mean Approach with Machine Learning Models
Authors:   Department of Economics, Mamun University, Khiva, 220900, Uzbekistan, E. E. ,   Department of Social and Humanitarian Sciences, Fergana State University, Fergana, 150100, Uzbekistan,   Department of Management, Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Krasnodar, 350044, Russia,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India,   Department of Information Technology, VR Siddhartha Engineering College (A), Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Vijayawada, India, Sharofutdinova Ranokhon , Ilyin Aleksey , Shankar K. , Lydia E. Laxmi
Published: January 2025

Neutrosophy has developed as a generalization to fuzzy logic and is being employed in the research field in many areas such as set theory, logic, and others. Neutrosophic Logic is one of the neonate study regions and its intention is assessed to have the percentage of truth in a subset T, the percentage of falsity in a subset F, and the percentage of indeterminacy in a subset I. Recently, financial fraud has become a highly major issue, which results in severe consequences across firm sectors and affects people’s everyday lives. Therefore, financial fraud recognition is critical for the prevention of the regularly overwhelming effects of financial fraud. It includes differentiating fraudulent financial data from accurate data and permitting decision-makers to progress suitable plans to reduce the effect of fraud. Over the past few years, Artificial intelligence (AI), mainly machine learning (ML) systems, turned out to be the highest thriving model in fraud detection. This study presents a novel Intelligent Decision Support System for Financial Fraud Detection Using Pythagorean Neutrosophic Bonferroni Mean (IDSSFFD-PNBM) model. The main intention of the IDSSFFD-PNBM algorithm is to enrich the detection model for financial fraud using advanced optimization models. Initially, the z-score normalization is applied in the data normalization stage for converting input data into a beneficial format. Besides, the proposed IDSSFFD-PNBM designs a grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) for the selection of feature processes to enhance the efficiency and performance of the model. For the detection and classification procedure, the pythagorean neutrosophic bonferroni mean (PNBM) model has been employed. Additionally, the firefly optimization algorithm (FFOA)-based hyperparameter range method has been done to heighten the recognition outcomes of the PNBM system. The experimental evaluation of the IDSSFFD-PNBM technique takes place using a benchmark dataset. The experimental results indicated an enhanced performance of the IDSSFFD-PNBM technique compared to recent approaches
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Viral Hypotheses
Authors: Zhou Yilong
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a brain disorder marked by memory loss and cognitive decline, is pathologically characterized by amyloid-beta (A) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Recent studies link AD to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress from misfolded proteins buildup. This review explores molecular mechanisms of ER stress in AD, focusing on how persistent ER stress exacerbates A and tau pathologies and contributes to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy disorder. Additionally, the review examines the viral hypothesis of AD, highlighting how certain viral infections, particularly Zika virus, may accelerate AD progression through the ER stress pathway. These insights enhance understanding of AD pathogenesis and potential therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress and viral factors.
Advancements in Biomaterials for Functionalized Biomedical Sutures: A review
Authors: Chen Xilu , Wang Zhexian , Li Honghan
Published: January 2025

This paper reviewed recent advancements in surgical suture technologies, focusing on coating based antibacterial sutures, therapeutic delivery systems, and biosensors. Silver nanoparticles and Triclosan were two antibacterial coatings that combat infections effectively. Additionally, innovative therapeutic delivery systems for suture coatings enable localized delivery of drugs using the strategies of nanoparticle coating, drug or bioactive mixture adhesion and hydrogel coating, which enhances wound healing. The review also covers smart suture sensors designed for monitoring infection, tensile strength, and pH conditions of suture or suture sites, which would improve post-surgical outcomes. These innovations signify a leap forward in surgical care, enhancing both patient recovery and surgical precision.
Epirubicin, cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (ECF) versus docetaxel, cisplatin with 5-fluorouracil (DCF) therapy as a regimen for locally further inoperable or metastatic esophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Chengwei
Published: January 2025

This study investigated the efficacy of two chemotherapeutic regimens, which ECF stands for Epirubicin, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. DCF stands for docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5- fluorouracil. Their efforts on quality of life in patients with developed esophageal cancer. The research investigated the mechanism of action of these drugs: Epirubicin inhibits DNA replication by inhibiting topoisomerase II and generating free radicals, cisplatin induces DNA cross-linking to trigger apoptosis, and 5-fluorouracil disrupts nucleotide metabolism to inhibit DNA synthesis. This study included 65 patients divided into ECF and DCF treatment groups. The results showed that while both treatment regimens were effective, the DCF regimen resulted in greater improvements in the quality of life and overall functioning of the patients, especially after multiple cycles of treatment. Despite a higher incidence of certain toxicities, DCF has a higher overall response rate and improvements in survival and overall survival without progression. Restrictions of the study include a small sample size and a short duration of QOL assessment. The findings suggest that DCF may be a more favorable 1st line therapy for the therapy of further esophageal cancer, necessitating larger studies and longer follow-ups.
Reelin and S1P signaling contribute to horizontal-to-radial transitioning of new DGCs cooperatively
Authors: Zhou Vanessa
Published: January 2025

Adult neurogenesis is a process that brain generates new neuron and integrates them into the existing circuits. This process is regulated by many different factors. Reelin is one protein that plays an important role in adult neurogenesis. It is a secreted glycoprotein that can initiate the downstream signaling of the Reelin pathway, which promotes new neuron maturation and circuit integration. More recently, the S1P pathway has also been found to contribute to the maturation of new neurons. However, it is unknow if there is any correlation between these two pathways. To study their relationship, I will utilize shRNA knockdown techniques and fluorescent microscopy to assess the impact of the loss of their expression. The findings from this project may deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis.
The Role of Aerobic Exercise in Managing Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Hypertension
Authors: Fan Bohan , Wang Kexin
Published: January 2025

In modern society, the fast pace of life and sedentary work habits have led to a growing prevalence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, and hypertension. These conditions pose serious health risks and place a significant burden on public healthcare systems. This review explores the positive impact of aerobic exercise on managing and alleviating symptoms of these chronic diseases. By analyzing a wide range of studies, it was found that aerobic exercise can significantly improve key physiological indicators, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and body weight. These benefits not only reduce disease symptoms but also decrease patients' reliance on medication and enhance their quality of life. The review also compiles exercise recommendations from authoritative guidelines, addressing factors such as frequency, intensity, and duration to help individuals tailor their exercise plans. Understanding the crucial role that aerobic exercise plays in preventing and managing chronic diseases is key to promoting healthier lifestyles and forms a basis for further research in chronic disease treatment.
Long-term or short-term corticosterone treatment suppresses adult hippocampal neurogenesis leading to anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits by activating autophagy and depleting Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)
Authors: Li Chenxi
Published: January 2025

Autophagy is regarded as a self-protective procedure of cells, however, it can also cause the death of cells under certain conditions and thereby cause the death of neural stem cels and lead to cognitive deficits. Previous studies hold different opinions of the way autophagy leads to cognitive deficits. One opinion is that corticosterone directly (CORT) directly surpasses AHN and lead to anxiety-like behaviors and cognitive deficits, another opinion is that CORT treatment causes the depleting of BDNF, and thereby lead to anxiety-like behavior and cognitive deficits. In our study, we conducted several behavioral tests on mice with short-term and long-term corticosterone treatment to determine the reason of the death of neural stem cells, in both short-term and long-term corticosterone treatments, the mice are injected with corticosterone, AAV, and BrdU regularly, and our conclusion is that in short-term treatment, it is the decline of BDNF that cause cell death, while in long-term treatment, both the decline of BDNF and autophagy itself contribute to cell death..
Application of CAR-T cell therapy based on nano-delivery system in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Ye Lang , Wei Ziyang , Du Mingzhe , Zhao Liangyu
Published: January 2025

Ovarian cancer is one of the common malignant tumours in women. Approximately 70% of patients will still relapse within 2-3 years after conventional treatment. While tumor-associated glycoprotein-72(TAG-72) is more expressed in ovarian cancer compared with normal ovarian tissue and is associated with a worse prognosis, and there are ongoing clinical trials of TAG-72-directed CAR-T cells. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a new and promising immune approach in hematologic tumors while for solid tumors faces problems, such as difficulty in targeting infiltration, tumor antigen evasion, immunosuppressive environment, and potential toxic side effects. These problems will directly affect the efficacy of CAR-T cells, and the PD-1 pathway seems to be the master switch in all immunosuppressive signaling pathways, so we develop a model in which we propose to use Crispr-Cas9 technology to excise the PD-1 expressed by CAR-T cells in TAG-72-directed CAR-T, and at the same time, it will be encapsulated by nanomaterial IR780, which can be precisely located to the cancer nest through PTT (photothermal therapy), effectively supporting immune escape. Thereby, the reprogrammed CAR-T cells may effectively avoid cytokine storms. By developing this model, we hope to provide a new protocol for CAR-T therapy for ovarian cancer, which is expected to prolong overall survival.
An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Biosensor for Detecting IgG in Human Urine
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Jiang Jingyi
Published: January 2025

IgG (immunoglobulin G) is the most abundant serum antibody found in blood circulation in humans and is not present in healthy human urine. The detection of IgG in urine is closely related to valuating the severity and predicting the trend of glomerulitis and other chronic kidney diseases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors are highly sensitive and ideal for detecting IgG in urine. This technique uses micro-gap parallel plate electrode (PPE) as the electrode of the EIS biosensor and antifouling Y-shaped peptides as biometric element combined with PPE. The development of an EIS biosensor that provides an expedited and precise method for the detection of IgG in human urine would represent a significant advance.
Comparative Analysis of Secukinumab and Guselkumab in the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: Liu Huihan
Published: January 2025

Plaque psoriasis is an inflammatory, chronic skin condition characterized by red, scaly plaques. Further research in immunology led to the development of biologic treatments such as Secukinumab and Guselkumab. The treatments target, specifically, components of the immune system implicated in the pathophysiology of psoriasis. This study treats plaque psoriasis and compares Secukinumab vs. Guselkumab in the treatment of the disease, outlining their similarities and differences.
Exploring the Therapeutic Potential and Challenges of Tin Mesoporphyrin (SnMP) in the Treatment of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Qiang Manyin
Published: January 2025

Hyperbilirubinemia is a common neonatal condition that manifests itself as elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood and, if left untreated, may lead to severe neurological damage. Existing treatments, such as phototherapy and blood exchange therapy, are usually administered after bilirubin has already reached dangerous levels. Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), a potent heme oxygenase (H.O.) inhibitor, presents a preventive approach, potentially reducing bilirubin production before it reaches critical levels. This review evaluates SnMP's synthesis, mechanism of action, and metabolic pathway, emphasizing its effectiveness compared to other H.O. inhibitors such as Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP). Contrary to widespread fears, we present clinical findings showing that SnMP phototoxicity does not pose a significant risk in clinical Settings, supporting SnMP as a safer and more effective alternative to current therapies. Our analysis shows that with further research and optimization of its formulation, SnMP can be a breakthrough therapy for effectively and safely preventing severe hyperbilirubinemia.
The Impact of Hormone-Related Factors on Wedge Deformity in Middle-Aged Populations
Authors: Chen Junming , Jiang Yiyang , Li Enze
Published: January 2025

Vertebral deformity, particularly among adult over 50, poses significant public health challenges. This study explores the role of hormones and their metabolites in vertebral wedge deformities, using data from 1,317 individuals aged 40 and older from the NHANES 2013-2014 dataset. Key features included testosterone, estradiol, insulin, and related metabolites. Advanced machine learning models, notably XGBoost, were employed to predict deformity risk. A comprehensive cross-analysis of multiple machine learning interpreters identified testosterone, RBC folate, and insulin as significant predictors, with elevated levels indicating a higher deformity risk. These findings reinforce the link between hormone levels and vertebral deformities, suggesting that regular biomarker monitoring could aid early detection and intervention. The study offers new insights for improving clinical outcomes and guiding future research in vertebral health.
An investigation into the role of circular RNA in zebrafish spinal cord regeneration with focus on circRNA-miRNA interaction
Authors: Cheng Zixin , Cui Hanwen , Wan Ziqian
Published: January 2025

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) serve as a valuable model for studying spinal cord regeneration due to their remarkable ability to restore the central nervous system (CNS), challenging the long-standing belief that neurons in the adult CNS cannot regenerate. While current knowledge of spinal cord regeneration primarily centers around signaling pathways like the Wingless/Integrated-1 pathway, emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNA) also play a critical role in cellular regeneration. Studies in mouse models and human intestinal epithelium have demonstrated the importance of circRNAs in tissue repair, and significant changes in circRNA expression have been observed in zebrafish spinal cord following injury. However, there has been a lack of investigation into what roles circRNAs play in zebrafish spinal cord regeneration. This proposal seeks to fill this research gap by conducting global RNA sequencing to identify the spinal cord injury regenerative circRNA (SCIR-circRNA) that is most differentially expressed before and after spinal cord transection. The role of this SCIR-circRNA in spinal cord regeneration will then be examined through RNAi knockdown experiments to determine whether it promotes or inhibits the regenerative process. Furthermore, the study will focus on SCIR-circRNA and microRNAs (miRNAs) to elucidate their interaction via luciferase assay and RNA pulldown assay. The expected outcomes of this research will contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal cord regeneration and may identify novel therapeutic targets for treating spinal cord injuries.
The Impact of Diversified Product Layout on Cultural and Creative Brand Building: Take the Operation of the Palace Museum Cultural and Creative Brands Online Stores as an Example
Authors: Bao Yijie
Published: January 2025

With the recovery of tourism industry and the support of national policies, China's cultural and creative industry has developed rapidly. Among them, the Palace Museum cultural and creative products has become a typical case because its great sales popularity, and its diversified product layout is also worth learning from other cultural and creative brands. Through case analysis and questionnaire survey, based on qualitative and quantitative data, this research makes a comprehensive analysis of the diversified product line, market performance and consumer feedback of the Palace Museum cultural and creative products. The study finds that the diversified product layout of the brand is mainly reflected in the three main aspects of diverse product types, creative product design and targeted product launch. This strategy has an important impact on the brand sales, influence, market competitiveness, and consumer loyalty. The results of this research make up for the research gap in the diversified product layout of cultural and creative brands, and provide a new perspective and program for the sustainable development of other cultural and creative brands in China. In the future, the Palace Museum needs to constantly pay attention to the changes in the consumer market and consumer demand, combine with digital technology, and continuously launch new creative products.
Insights into the Trends of the Digital Economy: Changes and Developments in the Three Elements of Production
Authors: Ni Yiming , Ren Yuheng , Li Yufan
Published: January 2025

This paper discusses the future trend in the era of the digital economy from the perspective of three elements: productivity, means of production, and production relations. First of all, this paper analyzes the impact of the digital economy on the connotation and characteristics of factors of production, explores the path of influence between digital factors in the context of the digital economy, and analyzes the impact of datatization on the means of production as well as the mechanism of its effect on productivity and production relations.