bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent progress in analytical capillary ITP
Authors: Gebauer Petr , Malá Zdena , Boček Petr
Published: December 2008

ITP is an electrophoretic technique that has been attracting constant attention for many years due to its pronounced capability to concentrate trace analytes by several orders of magnitude. In practice, it is used predominantly in capillary format, where the capillaries used have id ranging between 0.02 and 0.8 mm. The volumes of the samples introduced may be up to several tens of microliters and trace analytes diluted in such a volume are concentrated into zones having volumes in the range of picoliters. Moreover, it offers simultaneously efficient separation of the analytes. That is why ITP retains its important position in many current multistage and multidimensional separation schemes where it is used always as the starting step that brings preseparation and concentration of sample components. This article links up previous reviews on the topic and summarizes the progress of analytical capillary ITP since 2006; 90 reviewed papers include theory and methodological novelties as well as analytical applications. Papers using ITP as part of multistage separation schemes are also included.
Contemporary sample stacking in CE
Authors: Malá Zdena , Šlampová Andrea , Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr
Published: December 2008

Sample stacking techniques remain an important tool for enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses in contemporary CZE. This contribution reviews new knowledge on this topic published since 2006. It is organized according to the operational principles used, which include concentration adjustment, application of a pH step, MEKC and sweeping, and transient ITP. Techniques combining several of these principles and comparative studies are also included.
Ten years of axial capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for CZE – a review
Authors: Kubáň Pavel , Hauser Peter C.
Published: December 2008

Contactless conductivity detection is universal for CE in that all charged species can be quantified, and it is particularly attractive for those inorganic and organic ions that are not directly accessible by optical means. It is not necessary to make precise alignments or to create an optical window into the capillary. Commercial detectors that can be retrofitted to existing instruments are available at a cost that is lower than that of any other electrophoresis detector. The approach is also suited for lab‐on‐chip devices. It is attempted in this review to summarize some of the expertise accumulated since the introduction of the axial contactless conductivity detector to CE 10 years ago.
Virus analysis using electromigration techniques
Authors: Kremser Leopold , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst
Published: December 2008

We discuss the progress during the last 4 years in the analysis of viruses by electrophoresis in capillaries and microfluidic devices. The paper is the continuation of a review published in this journal in 2005 [Kremser, L., Blaas, D., Kenndler, E., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 2282–2291]. Eighteen papers on the topic have appeared since; the majority deals with zone electrophoresis and three reports are on IEF. These methods have been applied to human rhinoviruses, poliovirus Semliki Forest virus, norovirus‐like particles, and the two bacteriophages MS2 and T5. A main finding was that addition of detergents and salts to the BGEs are essential for the robustness of the CE analysis. Analyte detection was usually via UV absorbance but there are some examples where the viruses were rendered fluorescent via modification of the capsid proteins with reactive dyes and/or by non‐covalent attachment of intercalating fluorescent compounds to the nucleic acids making up the viral genome. Interestingly, some viruses are permeable to small molecular mass components; this allows fluorescent dyes to diffuse into the intact virus where they attach to the nucleic acid. Release of a viral genome upon heating was also monitored by using similar methodologies. Interactions of viruses and subviral particles with antibodies, receptors, and receptor‐decorated liposomes were investigated with CE methods, all by using a non‐equilibrium approach (i.e. co‐incubation of the components prior to CE separation). Viruses are multivalent (i.e. possess many identical surface‐exposed patches) and most of them are composed of defined numbers of identical subunits. The high resolution of CE has been most remarkably demonstrated by the separation of stoichiometric complexes between virus and a distinct number of soluble recombinant receptors and revealed their concentration‐dependent distribution.
Liquid‐phase‐based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation and enrichment of proteins in biological fluids for in‐depth proteomics analysis
Authors: Jmeian Yazen , El Rassi Ziad
Published: December 2008

This review article is concerned with (i) proteomic sample preparation including among other things the depletion of high‐abundance proteins and the concentration of low‐abundance proteins and (ii) their subsequent prefractionation for further analysis. Subjects (i) and (ii) are essentials for in‐depth proteomic analysis by multidimensional liquid‐phase separation techniques (e.g. multidimensional electrophoresis and LC in various formats) followed by mass spectrometric identification and bioinformatic. More than 90 papers published in the period covering early 2000 to the present have been reviewed. It should be noted that this review article is by no means exhaustive, and the aim was to rather provide a concise description of the latest developments in the field.
Modelling time series with season‐dependent autocorrelation structure
Authors: Tripodis Yorghos , Penzer Jeremy
Published: December 2008

Time series with season‐dependent autocorrelation structure are commonly modelled using periodic autoregressive moving average (PARMA) processes. In most applications, the moving average terms are excluded for ease of estimation. We propose a new class of periodic unobserved component models (PUCM). Parameter estimates for PUCM are readily interpreted; the estimated coefficients correspond to variances of the measurement noise and of the error terms in unobserved components. We show that PUCM have correlation structure equivalent to that of a periodic integrated moving average (PIMA) process. Results from practical applications indicate that our models provide a natural framework for series with periodic autocorrelation structure both in terms of interpretability and forecasting accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Befriending carers of people with dementia: a cost utility analysis
Authors: Wilson Edward , Thalanany Mariamma , Shepstone Lee , Charlesworth Georgina , Poland Fiona , Harvey Ian , Price David , Reynolds Shirley , Mugford Miranda
Published: December 2008

Objective

There is very little evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of social care interventions for people with dementia or their carers. The BEfriending and Costs of CAring trial (BECCA, ISRCTN08130075) aimed to establish whether a structured befriending service improved the quality of life of carers of people with dementia, and at what cost.

Methods

We performed an economic evaluation alongside a single blind, randomised controlled trial in a community setting of 236 carers of people with a primary progressive dementia. The intervention was contact with a Befriender Facilitator (BF), and offer of match with a trained lay volunteer befriender compared with no BF contact. Main outcome measures were health and social care, voluntary sector, and family care costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in carers over 15 months.

Results

Mean QALYs per carer over 15 months were 0.017 higher in the intervention group compared with control (95%CI: −0.051, 0.083). Mean costs from a societal perspective were £1,813 higher (−£11,312, £14,984). The point estimate Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is thus £105,954 per incremental QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests a 42.2% probability that the ICER is below £30,000 per QALY. Inclusion of dementia patient QALYs reduces the ICER to £28,848 (51.4% probability below £30,000).

Conclusions

Befriending leads to a non‐significant trend towards improved carer quality of life, and there is a non‐significant trend towards higher costs for all sectors. It is unlikely that befriending is a cost‐effective intervention from the point of view of society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic M&As: Stronger in tough times?
Authors: Sánchez Carol M. , Goldberg Stephen R.
Published: December 2008

Global acquisitions in the first quarter of 2008 were down 41 percent from the first quarter of 2007. But the value of strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&As)—as opposed to financial ones—dropped only 33 percent, while the number of deals rose 8 percent. Will strategic mergers withstand our economic downturn much better? The authors examine this question and discuss M&A trends and key success factors and give an update on initial public offering activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing the postclosing integration
Authors: Sherman Andrew J.
Published: December 2008

A merger and acquisition (M&A) closing usually brings great sighs of relief. Everyone has worked hard to ensure success. But actually this is not the end of the process. The hard work of postclosing integration is about to begin.

Managing that postclosing integration is one of the buyer's greatest challenges. How can the buyer avoid common pitfalls and engineer a smooth transition? The author of this article provides the answers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Due diligence issues in China
Authors: McGee Jo Ann , Byington J. Ralph
Published: December 2008

The People's Republic of China was identified as one of the most attractive locations for anticipated mergers and acquisitions (M&As) over the next 18 months. Unfortunately, it is also considered to be one of the riskiest locations for investment—partly due to the growth of white‐collar crime (WCC). So any multinational firm planning M&A activities in China should include a search for WCC in their due diligence.

However, conducting due diligence in China is very difficult. The authors take a critical look at these issues and detail the challenges that multinational firms will face. They also give some practical advice on how to handle those problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Product recalls: What's your offshore production liability?
Authors: Raiborn Cecily A. , Massoud Marc F. , Raiborn Mitchell F.
Published: December 2008

Outsourcing product manufacturing has become a common business practice in the United States. But outsourcing can also mean your ability to exercise quality control is limited. And a growing amount of product safety recalls threatens danger for both your customers and your company. Is it time to reconsider the decision to outsource production? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
M&As in troubling times
Authors: Gaughan Patrick A.
Published: December 2008

As credit markets undergo upheavals, the merger and acquisition (M&A) business must adjust to challenging market conditions. But what is the current state of M&A in these troubling times? And what does the future hold? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Update: M&A in Southeast Asia
Authors: Metwalli Ali M. , Tang Roger Y. W.
Published: December 2008

The authors take a close look at merger and acquisition (M&A) activity in Southeast Asia recently. Where were the M&A hotspots? And what are the key trends for the future? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Middle‐market M&As: What's the new climate?
Authors: Venema Bill
Published: December 2008

The credit crunch … the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers … volatile financial markets … and a recently announced government bailout of staggering proportions. What do these and other changes mean for middle‐market mergers and acquisitions? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scube1 is expressed during facial development in the mouse
Authors: Xavier Guilheme M. , Sharpe Paul T. , Cobourne Martyn T.
Published: December 2008

Scube1 encodes a secreted plasma membrane‐associated protein characterized by a N‐terminal signal peptide sequence, multiple EGF domains, a N‐linked glycosylated spacer region and a C‐terminal CUB region. Here, we describe expression of the mouse Scube1 gene during early craniofacial development. Transcripts were identified in the nervous system, within the ventral neural tube, telencephalon and trigeminal ganglion. In addition, strong regionally restricted expression was found in the facial processes, including the medial and lateral nasal processes, maxilla and mandible, and caudal pharyngeal arches. During tooth development, Scube1 localized to the dental papilla of both incisor and molar teeth. Together, these data suggest a potential role for Scube1 during early craniofacial development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:518–524, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odontoblast: a mechano‐sensory cell
Authors: Magloire Henry , Couble Marie‐Lise , Thivichon‐Prince Beatrice , Maurin Jean‐Christophe , Bleicher Francoise
Published: December 2008

Odontoblasts are organized as a single layer of specialized cells responsible for dentine formation and presumably for playing a role in tooth pain transmission. Each cell has an extension running into a dentinal tubule and bathing in the dentinal fluid. A dense network of sensory unmyelinated nerve fibers surrounds the cell bodies and processes. Thus, dentinal tubules subjected to external stimuli causing dentinal fluid movements and odontoblasts/nerve complex response may represent a unique mechano‐sensory system giving to dentine‐forming cells a pivotal role in signal transduction. Mediators of mechano‐transduction identified in odontoblast include mechano‐sensitive ion channels (high conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel—KCa—and a 2P domain potassium channel—TREK‐1) and primary cilium. In many tissues, the latter is essential for microenvironment sensing but its role in the control of odontoblast behavior remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence for excitable properties and the concentration of key channels to the terminal web suggest that odontoblasts may operate as sensor cells. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:416–424, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐IR, FT‐Raman and DFT calculations of 3‐{[(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene]amino}‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one
Authors: Panicker C. Yohannan , Ambujakshan K. R. , Varghese Hema Tresa , Mathew Samuel , Ganguli Subarna , Nanda Ashis Kumar , Alsenoy Christian Van
Published: December 2008

Fourier transform (FT)‐Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of 3‐{[(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene]amino}‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers of the title compound were computed using the B3LYP/6‐31G* basis and compared with the experimental data. The prepared compound was identified by NMR and mass spectra. The simultaneous IR and Raman activation of the CO stretching mode shows a charge transfer interaction through a π‐conjugated path. The first hyperpolarizability and infrared intensities are reported. The assignments of the normal modes are done by potential energy distribution (PED) calculations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies of polycrystalline BiFeO3 bulk ceramics
Authors: Rout Dibyaranjan , Moon Kyoung‐Seok , Kang Suk‐Joong L.
Published: December 2008

This work reports the temperature‐dependent Raman scattering study of mutiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range of 93–843 K. The polycrystalline samples are sintered at four different temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. The microstructure shows remarkable changes in terms of grain size and domain pattern as the sintering temperature increases. The DSC curves show prominent exothermic peaks at 645 K, the antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition temperature. The Raman spectra of all the four specimens reveal strong anomalies in the vicinity of the Neel temperature, which can be attributed to the multiferroic nature of BFO. The Raman scattering studies also reveal considerable spectral changes at a temperature range of 140–200 K in all the specimens, which can be inferred to a further spin–reorientation transition exhibited in BFO at a cryogenic temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and phenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual during ripening
Authors: Ortega‐García Francisca , Blanco Santos , Peinado M Ángeles , Peragón Juan
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: The kinetic and molecular properties of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in leaves and fruit of the olive tree (Picual variety) have been studied during the seasonal process of fruit maturation. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, have also been determined. This study has been made in rainfed 30‐year‐old olive trees in Jaén, Spain, cultivated by the traditional method.

RESULTS: PAL specific activity was assayed and hyperbolic kinetics were observed in both organs. The Km value for L‐Phe was 0.22 mmol L−1 in leaf and 0.26 mmol L−1 in fruit. In leaf, the highest PAL specific activity was found in the stage prior to veraison. By immunoblot, a PAL‐immunoreactive 75 kDa polypeptide was detected in leaf and fruit. In leaf, the level of this protein progressively rose until the last stages of ripening at the same time that total phenols increased. In fruit, PAL activity and protein change as in two series coinciding with different fruit‐maturation period. By immunohistochemistry under light microscopy, PAL was located in the epidermis and parenchyma cells of leaf and fruit.

CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the involvement and regulation of PAL during fruit ripening of olive, cv. Picual. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the physico‐chemical characteristics of a new triploid banana hybrid, FLHORBAN 920, and the Cavendish variety
Authors: Bugaud Christophe , Alter Pascaline , Daribo Marie‐Odette , Brillouet Jean‐Marc
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: The physico‐chemical characteristics of a new banana triploid hybrid (FLHORBAN 920 cultivar, AAA group), partially resistant to Yellow Sigatoka and Black Leaf Streak diseases, were measured throughout ripening and compared with those of the Cavendish banana.

RESULTS: The greatest differences between FLHORBAN 920 (F920) and the Cavendish variety were observed at intermediate maturity, when bananas were yellow with green tips or yellow. The F920 bananas have more dry matter and starch than those of Cavendish. The total polyphenol contents of F920 bananas were three‐fold higher than Cavendish. The sucrose contents were 1.5‐fold higher in F920 fruits, whereas glucose and fructose contents were two‐fold higher in Cavendish fruits. The F920 fruits had fewer esters, carbonyls and phenolic ethers than Cavendish. The two varieties differed in the composition in methyl‐branched (alcohols and esters) and phenolic ether volatile compounds.

CONCLUSION: These characteristics, coupled with resistance to the principal banana diseases, suggest that the F920 variety should be developed further. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of ball‐milling on the glass transition of wheat flour constituents
Authors: Thanatuksorn Pariya , Kawai Kiyoshi , Kajiwara Kazuhito , Suzuki Toru
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: Starch and gluten, the major components of wheat flour, greatly influence the structural characteristics of food products made with wheat flour. The effects of ball‐milling on the change in the semicrystalline structure of starch granules to the amorphous state have been reported. However, the effects of ball‐milling of native wheat flour on physicochemical changes in wheat flour constituents have not been elucidated. Therefore in this study the effects of ball‐milling on the glass transition of wheat flour constituents were investigated.

RESULTS: Crude gluten, non‐gluten proteins and separated starch were obtained from wheat flour ball‐milled for 0–10 h, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these constituents was evaluated. The Tg of all wheat flour constituents decreased with increasing ball‐milling time. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that changes in band position and intensity did not occur for gluten but did occur for non‐gluten proteins. X‐ray diffraction revealed decreased crystallinity and greater plasticisation by water in separated starch as the ball‐milling time was prolonged.

CONCLUSION: The results showed that the ball‐milling process decreased the Tg of wheat flour constituents as a function of milling time. The decrease in Tg was probably due to changes in conformation of protein subunits in gluten and depolymerisation of the non‐gluten protein fraction. The information obtained here about the physical alteration of wheat flour constituents may enhance the ability to successfully use ball‐milled wheat flour in food applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of reduced amino acid level and increasing levels of lupin on growth performance and meat content in organic reared pigs
Authors: Nørgaard Jan Værum , Fernández José A.
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: Suitable protein sources for organic pig production are scarce. This project was aimed at studying the effect of a reduced amino acid level and thus crude protein level, and the inclusion of lupin in diets for grower‐finisher pigs fed under organic conditions. Two hundred pigs (females:male castrates, 1:1) were fed either 100% or 85% of amino acid recommendations and lupin inclusions levels of 0%, 12.5% or 25% from 30 to 105 kg.

RESULTS: Feed intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the amino acid level. Carcass meat percentage was 59.2% for females and 57.2% for castrates when fed low amino acid level and 0% lupin, and this was an effect of higher feed intake of castrates compared with females. The inclusion of 25% lupin reduced feed intake and daily gain, lowered feed efficiency and increased slaughter loss and carcass meat percentage.

CONCLUSION: It is possible to reduce amino acid levels and thus crude protein levels without adverse effects on animal performance. It is, however, recommended to feed castrates restrictively to avoid low carcass meat percentage. Inclusion of up to 12.5% of lupin can be used in organic diets for pigs without negative effects on animal performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxidative stability of palm‐ and soybean‐based medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) oil blends
Authors: Koh Soo Peng , Arifin Norlelawati , Lai Oi Ming , Yusoff Mohd Suria Affandi , Long Kamariah , Tan Chin Ping
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: Medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglyerols (MLCT) enzymatically esterified using Lipozyme RM IM lipase has very low oxidative stability as it does not contain any antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study the ability of various antioxidants to increase the oxidative stability of palm‐ and soybean‐based MLCT blends which assist to bring up the oxidative stability of both MLCT blends. In this study, the effectiveness of rosemary extracts, sage extracts, tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and mixtures of tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert‐butyl‐p‐hydroxytoluene (BHT) in protecting against oxidation of various MLCT blends was investigated.

RESULTS: Blending of MLCT oil with either palm olein or soybean oil improved its smoke point values and oxidative stability. TBHQ addition to both palm‐ and soybean‐based MLCT blends increased oxidative stability. Combination of BHA and BHT showed no significant improvement (P > 0.05) in ability to protect blends from oxidation compared to natural antioxidants such as sage or rosemary extracts.

CONCLUSION: Blended oils with 500 g kg−1 MLCT and 500 g kg−1 palm olein (MP5) were the most suitable for use at high temperature based on the fatty acid composition of the MLCT blends, which subsequently had an effect on thermal oxidative stability. In general, addition of either natural or synthetic antioxidant assisted in improving the antioxidative strength of both MLCT blends. MLCT blends with added TBHQ showed the highest thermal oxidative stability among the antioxidants used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different production typologies on chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of Italian commercial pork
Authors: Corino Carlo , Rossi Raffaella , Musella Michele , Pastorelli Grazia , Cannata Susanna
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: Slaughter weight could influence some chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of pork production. The aim was to compare loin quality from pigs slaughtered at 120 kg or at 160 kg live weight, representing two different Italian lines of commercial production.

RESULTS: Physical and chemical traits were affected by slaughter weight, but lower values of moisture (P < 0.01) and higher fat content (P < 0.05) were found in heavy pork loin; furthermore, increased slaughter weight resulted in redder, yellower and more intense colour (P < 0.05). Slaughter weight did not influence the purchase intent or consumer preference, except for fresh meat colour (P < 0.05) preferred in light pigs. A selected and trained panel carried out a difference‐from‐control test, showing that heavy pig loin was redder, more marbled, moister, sweeter, saltier, and had a more metallic flavour and lower tenderness than the light one (P < 0.05). The colour difference of raw meat is the only parameter detected by the consumers.

CONCLUSION: Different production typologies affected chemical and physical characteristics of loin. Moreover sensory evaluation showed substantial differences between the loin samples. However, the purchase intent and consumer preference were not influenced by these two production typologies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Characterization and event‐specific quantitative detection of DAS‐59122‐7 maize insert with the application of plasmidic reference material
Authors: Xu Wentao , Liang Zhihong , Rong Yang , Luo Yunbo , Zhang Fangfang , Yuan Yanfang , Huang Kunlun
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND: With the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs), event‐specific qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods have become the internationally agreed standard.

RESULTS: The flanking regions of DAS‐59122‐7 maize were characterized by inverse PCR (I‐PCR). In the qualitative PCR assay, a duplex PCR was established with the event‐specific and taxon‐specific primers, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 1 g kg−1 (approximates to 38 haploid genome copies). In the quantitative TaqMan® real‐time PCR assay, a plasmidic reference material was constructed by recombinant PCR and standard curves were set up. By using the plasmidic reference material, we obtained standard curves with good linearity and relatively high efficiency. The results indicated the usability of the plasmid as standard material.

CONCLUSION: From above results, we believe that the developed event‐specific qualitative and quantitative PCR systems for DAS‐59122‐7 maize in this study are acceptable and suitable for DAS‐59122‐7 maize detection. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Darling Gail
Published: December 2008

Lymph node metastases are common in esophageal cancer and are associated with a poor prognosis. Resection and examination of 15–18 lymph nodes is required for adequate staging of esophageal cancer. Improved survival is associated with involvement of five or fewer nodes or lymph node ratio (LNR) of < 0.10–0.20. More extensive lymph node dissection during esophagectomy offers improved staging but may also provide therapeutic benefit in terms of control of locoregional disease and possibly improved overall survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:189–193. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinicopathological characteristics of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma presenting intrahepatic bile duct growth
Authors: Yamamoto Yusuke , Shimada Kazuaki , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Esaki Minoru , Nara Satoshi , Ban Daisuke , Kosuge Tomoo , Ojima Hidenori
Published: December 2008

Background

Intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (ICC) presenting intraductal growth (IG) has distinct clinicopathological features with a favorable prognosis. The mass‐forming (MF) plus IG type of ICC has not been previously investigated.

Methods

One hundred forty‐four patients with ICC underwent surgical resections and were classified according to the macroscopic type. The clinicopathological features of the IG type (n = 7) and MF plus IG type (n = 14) were retrospectively analyzed. The clinicopathological differences between the MF plus IG type and MF plus periductal infiltrating (PI) type (n = 37) were compared.

Results

All of the patients with the IG type had no sign of recurrence and survived. The 5‐year overall survival rates was significantly better in the MF plus IG type than in the MF plus PI type (41.3% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.034). Significant differences were recognized between the MF plus IG type and MF plus PI type, in terms of vascular resection (P = 0.030), mucosal extension (P = 0.006), and postoperative recurrence (P = 0.004).

Conclusions

The MF plus IG type had significantly better prognosis than the MF plus PI type. The IG type and MF plus IG type should be distinguished from other types even if hepatic hilar confluence is involved, because of the favorable outcome after surgery. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99: 161–165. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rectal cancer surgery and regional lymph nodes
Authors: Simunovic M. , Smith A.J. , Heald R.J.
Published: December 2008

In patients with rectal cancer, the status of regional or mesorectal lymph nodes is central to both tumor staging and predicting local and distant recurrence. The importance of mesorectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer should inform treatment decisions around pre‐operative diagnostic imaging, surgical techniques, pathologic assessment, and the use of radiation therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:256–259. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reduction in delay time of high‐dwell volume pumps in LC‐MS applications using short‐term low‐ratio split flow
Authors: Rogatsky Eduard , Cruikshank Greg , Stein Daniel T.
Published: December 2008

We present a simple hardware design which reduces run time of gradient‐based LC/MS applications and improves system equilibration. Our approach does not sacrifice efficiency of chromatographic separation, and does not affect analyte retention time and therefore does not require revalidation. Our technical design is based on a six‐port/two‐position switching valve and flow splitter installed prior to the LC column. This design minimizes time delays caused by the high‐dwell volume of some LC pumps. Implementation of short‐term (40–55 s) low‐ratio (1:10) flow splitting reduced delay times by over four‐fold in our application. This approach allowed hardware‐associated time delays to be minimized. Alternative plumbing suggestions are also discussed.
Determination of artesunate using reversed‐phase HPLC at increased temperature and ELSD detection
Authors: Gaudin Karen , Kauss Tina , Lagueny Anne‐Marie , Millet Pascal , Fawaz Fawaz , Dubost Jean‐Pierre
Published: December 2008

Artesunate (ART) determination can be performed by evaporative light scattering detection with mobile phase composed of CH3CN/HCOOH 0.01 M (40:60 v/v; pH 2.85). Evaporative light scattering detection instead of UV detection allowed to improve the sensitivity and the LOD. However, the evaporative light scattering detection response of dihydro‐artemisinin appears weaker than for ART, whereas with UV detection the response of ART and dihydroartemisinin seemed similar. Constant analysis time was obtained on using the mobile phase with a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min and column temperature at 60°C instead of 0.7 mL/min at room temperature. This led to less solvent consumption. Moreover, decrease in the flow rate and increase in the column temperature were advantageous for higher sensitivity with both evaporative light scattering detection and UV detection. ART determination in rectal gel and suppositories were compared with these different detection modes and similar results were obtained.
Enantioselective isolation of methyl jasmonate using permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin HPLC
Authors: Blanch Gracia Patricia , Flores Gema , del Mar Caja Maria , Ruiz del Castillo Maria Luisa
Published: December 2008

A method based on the use of HPLC for the enantioselective resolution of the four stereoisomers of methyl jasmonate (MJ) with no need for the previous formation of the diastereoisomers is developed. To that end, a Nucleodex‐β‐PM column as well as an optimization process considering different flow rates and mobile phase compositions were required. As a result, 0.8 mL/min and 55:45 methanol/water composition were the conditions selected to carry out the separation of the stereoisomers. Isolation of pure (–)‐ and (+)‐MJ was accomplished by collecting the HPLC fractions corresponding to their elution time. SPE was subsequently used to concentrate and change the solvent of the HPLC fractions collected. Chiral GC and polarimetry were additionally employed to evaluate the purity and optical rotation, respectively, of the enantiomers separated. The results found in this study are particularly relevant considering that MJ stereoisomers are not commercially available.
Effect of stability of internal standard on quantification of 15 flavonoids in Epimedium using CZE
Authors: Chen Xiao‐jia , Tu Peng‐fei , Jiang Yong , Wang Yi‐tao , Li Shao‐Ping
Published: December 2008

A CZE method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 flavonoids, including epimedin B, epimedin A, hexandraside F, epimedin C, icariin, sagittatoside B, sagittatoside A, hexandraside E, 2′′‐O‐rhamnosyl icariside II, baohuoside VII, baohuoside I, caohuoside C, epimedoside C, baohuoside II, and kaempferol‐3‐O‐rhamnoside, in different species of Epimedium, and the effect of stability of internal standard (IS) on quantification was also investigated. As a result, rutin was not available for use as an IS because of its unstable property in sample solution, which suggested that the stability of IS both in standards and sample solution should be considered for the analysis. Using stable daidzein as IS, the analysis was performed within 35 min by using 50 mM borax buffer containing 20% ACN as a modifier (pH 10.0), while separation voltage was 25 kV and temperature was at 30°C. The method was validated to be accurate, simple, and repeatable, and was successfully applied to the analysis of 36 samples from 17 species of Epimedium.
Viscoelastic Properties of Clay‐Containing Nanocomposites of Thermotropic Liquid‐Crystal Polymer
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Jayita , Sinha Ray Suprakas , Bousmina Mosto
Published: December 2008

The nanocomposites of liquid‐crystal polymer (LCP) with two different weight per cents of clay were prepared via the melt extrusion method. To investigate the properties of the materials in the linear and non‐linear viscoelastic regions, both oscillatory and rotational tests were carried out. The results showed that the nanocomposite with higher clay content exhibited an almost defectless partially cross‐linked structure compared to the nanocomposite with lower clay content or the pure LCP. The linear stress relaxation measurements revealed that the pure LCP relaxed faster than nanocomposites after imposition of a constant strain for a specific time. During the step rate relaxation test, high shear rate modified the defects in the pure LCP very quickly and probably attained almost an equilibrium position while the nanocomposite samples showed strong shear thinning behaviour.

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Anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the pedunculopontine nucleus
Authors: Jenkinson Ned , Nandi Dipanker , Muthusamy Kalai , Ray Nicola J. , Gregory Ralph , Stein John F. , Aziz Tipu Z.
Published: December 2008

The pedunculopontine nucleus is composed of cholinergic and non‐cholinergic neurones and is located in the caudal pontomesencephalic tegmentum. Evidence suggests that the nucleus plays a role in the production and control of movement. The nucleus has dense interconnections with the basal ganglia, as well as with other areas of the brain associated with motor control. Electrical stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus in the decerebrate cat or rat produces organized locomotor movements. Physiological studies show that the pedunculopontine nucleus modulates its activity in response to locomotion, as well as voluntary arm and eye movements. Degeneration of the pedunculopontine nucleus is seen in post‐mortem brains in humans with Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes. In animal models of Parkinson's disease, metabolic changes are seen in the pedunculopontine nucleus, and chemical inhibition or mechanical disruption of the nucleus can produce an akinetic state in animals and man. In this paper we review the literature in support of the suggestion that some of the symptoms of Parkinson's disease are caused by dysfunction of the pedunculopontine nucleus. In accordance with this view, direct stimulation of the nucleus can ameliorate some symptoms of the disease, as demonstrated in both experimental animals and man. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Replacement of dopaminergic medication with subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease: Long‐term observation
Authors: Romito Luigi M. , Contarino Maria Fiorella , Vanacore Nicola , Bentivoglio Anna Rita , Scerrati Massimo , Albanese Alberto
Published: December 2008

Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective treatment for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), but the medication requirements after implant are poorly known. We performed a long‐term prospective evaluation of 20 patients maintained at stable dopaminergic therapy for 5 years after bilateral STN implants, who were evaluated 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after surgery. We measured, during the entire observation period, the effect of deep brain stimulation on motor and functional outcome measures, the levodopa equivalent daily dose and the total electrical energy delivered. At 5 years, the UPDRS motor score had improved by 54.2% and levodopa equivalent dose was reduced by 61.9%, compared with preimplant. Dopaminergic medication remained stable during the observation period, but energy was progressively increased over time. Rest tremor, rigidity, gait, lower and upper limb akinesia, and total axial score were improved in decreasing order. Postural stability and speech improved transiently, whereas on‐period freezing of gait, motor fluctuations and dyskinesias recovered durably. Functional measures did not show improvement in autonomy and daily living activities after STN implant. Chronic STN stimulation allows to replace for dopaminergic medications in the long‐term at the expense of an increase of the total energy delivered. This is associated with marked improvement of motor features without a matching benefit in functional measures. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Factors contributing to the development of restless legs syndrome in patients with Parkinson disease
Authors: Lee Ji E. , Shin Hae‐Won , Kim Kyung S. , Sohn Young H.
Published: December 2008

Although restless legs syndrome (RLS) commonly accompanies Parkinson disease (PD), the mechanism of RLS development in PD is still unclear. We investigated the prevalence of RLS in Korean patients with PD, and the possible contributing factors to the development of RLS in those patients. Four hundred forty‐seven consecutive patients with PD were interviewed and examined. Among them, 73 patients (16.3%) were diagnosed with RLS. PD patients with RLS had a longer duration of PD symptoms, more severe PD disability, a greater degree of cognitive decline, and a longer duration of antiparkinson therapy than those without RLS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the duration of antiparkinson therapy was the most significant factor contributing to the development of RLS in patients with PD. The present results support a higher prevalence of RLS in patients with PD and suggest that long‐term antiparkinson therapy, rather than PD itself, may contribute to the development of RLS. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Health‐related quality of life in Huntington's disease: Which factors matter most?
Authors: Ho Aileen K. , Gilbert Abigail S. , Mason Sarah L. , Goodman Anna O. , Barker Roger A.
Published: December 2008

The aim of this article was to determine which aspects of Huntington's disease (HD) are most important with regard to the health‐related quality of life (HrQOL) of patients with this neurodegenerative disease. Seventy patients with HD participated in the study. Assessment comprised the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor, cognitive and functional capacity sections, and the Beck Depression inventory. Mental and physical HrQOL were assessed using summary scores of the SF‐36. Multiple regression analyses showed that functional capacity and depressive mood were significantly associated with HrQOL, in that greater impairments in HrQOL were associated with higher levels of depressive mood and lower functional capacity. Motor symptoms and cognitive function were not found to be as closely linked with HrQOL. Therefore, it can be concluded that, depressive mood and greater functional incapacity are key factors in HrQOL for people with HD, and further longitudinal investigation will be useful to determine their utility as specific targets in intervention studies aimed at improving patient HrQOL, or whether other mediating variables. As these two factors had a similar association with the mental and physical summary scores of the SF‐36, this generic HrQOL measure did not adequately capture and distinguish the true mental and physical health‐related HrQOL in HD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Hemidystonia‐hemiatrophy syndrome
Authors: Wijemanne Subhashie , Jankovic Joseph
Published: December 2008

To define the clinical and radiological features of patients with the combination of hemidystonia (HD) and hemiatrophy (HA), the HD‐HA syndrome. HD is a very disabling neurological condition that is rarely associated with HA of the affected body part, similar to the hemiparkinsonism‐hemiatrophy syndrome. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 26 patients with the HD‐HA syndrome and the data was entered into a database and analyzed. Video recordings as well as imaging studies were also reviewed. Twenty six patients (14 female) with a mean age at onset of HD at 14.9 years (1–46 years) were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. Fourteen (53%) had HD and HA on the left side and 23 (88%) had hemiparesis preceding the onset of HD. The mean latency from the onset of hemiparesis to the onset of HD was 14.7 years (2 weeks–46 years). All patients with hemiparesis had marked improvement in their weakness prior to the onset of HD. Common causes leading to hemiparesis and subsequent HD were birth or perinatal complications (N = 13) and stroke (N = 10). Seven patients (26%) had associated seizures. Twenty two patients (85%) had abnormal brain MRI: eight had lesions directly involving the basal ganglia and nine had cerebral hemiatrophy or non specific diffuse atrophy. Sixteen patients received botulinum toxin injections and responded well to treatment. HD‐HA is usually associated with static encephalopathy originating at very young age, but the syndrome may also represent delayed sequelae of a stroke or brain injury. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Transfer of the second to the first metatarsal ray in a case of lawn mower injury: A case report
Authors: Sassu Paolo , Tsai Tsu Min
Published: December 2008

The medial longitudinal arch of the foot plays a major role for a physiologic transfer of the load from the heel to the forefoot during walking and running. Traumatic amputation that involve either the great toe or the whole first metatarsal bone can lead to collapse of the medial longitudinal arch, overload of the metatarsal heads, and painful callus formation. If replant of the amputated part is not possible or has failed, it is advisable to reconstruct the medial longitudinal arch in order to re‐establish a functional transfer of the load in the foot. We present a case of a young lady who suffered from traumatic amputation at the distal third of the first metatarsal. Replantation failed due to the severity of the initial injury. Despite a good coverage of the defect with a lateral arm flap, the patient developed a painful plantar callus underneath the amputated stump. The adjacent second metatarsal ray was then raised as a pedicled flap including bone and soft tissues and transferred to the first ray in order to reconstruct a physiologic medial longitudinal arch. The patient had excellent functional results with no recurrence of the callus. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Saphenous vein grafts for perforator flap salvage in autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: Flores Jaime I. , Rad Ariel N. , Shridharani Sachin M. , Stapleton Sahael M. , Rosson Gedge D.
Published: December 2008

Although the use of saphenous vein grafts in free‐flap salvage and extremity replantation is relatively common, their use in breast reconstruction is rare. These two case reports represent extreme alternatives for breast reconstruction flap salvage. In our normal daily practice, the overwhelming majority of elective breast reconstructions proceed smoothly. However, the occasional patient may require saphenous vein graft flap rescue for completion of the reconstruction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Quadriceps muscle reconstruction with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle flap after oncological resection
Authors: Innocenti Marco , Abed Yasser Y. , Beltrami Giovanni , Delcroix Luca , Balatri Amerigo , Capanna Rodolfo
Published: December 2008

Introduction:

The concept of limb salvage led to increased demand for more complex and sophisticated reconstructive options to achieve better functional and cosmetic outcome. Reconstruction of the total or partial loss of quadriceps muscle after soft tissue sarcomas excision with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle transfer had become more popular in the last years.

Patients and methods:

Between November 1993 and October 2004, 11 patients with average age 45.5 years underwent excision of quadriceps muscle followed by simultaneous reconstruction with free functioning latissimus dorsi muscle. There were six men and five women. The tumors were high grade in 90.9% of patients and were >10 cm in 81.8% of patients. The tumor extension required the resection of the entire quadriceps in four cases, of three heads in six cases, of only two heads in one case.

Results:

The average follow up was 69 months. The average time of recovery of the contractile activity of the muscle was 8.3 months after operation. The musculoskeletal tumor society rating score (MTSRS) scored excellent or good in 73% of patients. Three patients (27.3%) died of metastatic disease. Local recurrence occurred in one patient (9.1%). Limb salvage was achieved in all the patients (100%).

Conclusion:

This method of reconstruction is a reliable technique not only to fill the defect resulting from oncological resection but also to provide better function. Microsurgical reconstruction of soft tissue sarcoma helps to expand the indications of limb salvage by allowing better local control and achieving adequate function and coverage. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.