bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ДУШПАСТИРСЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ РЕЛІГІЙНИХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙ УКРАЇНИ ПІД ЧАС ПРОВЕДЕННЯ АТО
Authors: Виздрик Віталій Степанович , Томчук Олександр Анатолійович
Published: September 2024

Сьогодні Україна переживає важкі періоди своєї історії, перебуваючи у процесі становлення незалежної та європейської держави. Починаючи з моменту початку воєнної агресії російської федерації проти України у 2014 році, військове капеланство стало експресією громадської єдності. У статті розглянуто діяльність та функціонування капеланства з початком російської агресії у 2014 році в ході Антитерористичної операції Об’єднаних сил (АТО/ООС). Зазначено, що саме збройна агресія на сході України у 2014 році виступила ключовим фактором у розвитку військового капеланства. Наголошено, що важливим елементом у розвитку військового капеланства є накопичений досвід служіння військових настоятелів під час АТО/ООС. Це відзначається своєю важливістю, особливо після початку повномасштабної війни з боку росії. Визначено, що початком нового етапу відродження капеланського руху у Збройних Силах України (ЗС України) припав на 2014 рік, коли російська федерація розпочала війну проти України. Саме тоді разом із військовими в зоні бойових дій знаходилися військові священики, які стали свідками та учасниками бойових дій на сході України. Тоді ж на волонтерських засадах військові настоятелі виїжджали у зону бойових дій для того, аби забезпечити душпастирську складову формації українського воїна. З 2014 року українське суспільство усвідомило необхідність душпастирської складової у процесі оборони та формування стійкості українського війська. Уряд відреагував, з’явилися офіційні нормативні документи, які регулювали процес душпастирської опіки військовослужбовців. Однак, як правило це виглядало так, що велика кількість волонтерів різних конфесій рушила в зону спершу АТО, а потім ООС. Знадобилось багато років, аби капеланство у ЗС України набуло офіційного статусу. Сьогодні ж душпастирі є офіційно військовослужбовцями та мають соціальний захист з боку держави.
Navegando tormentas: resiliencia organizacional de pequeñas y medianas empresas intensivas en conocimiento
Authors: Velázquez Ríos Brandon , Contreras Montellano Óscar Fernando , Olea Miranda Jaime
Published: September 2024

The article aims to identify the factors influencing the organizational resilience of knowledge-intensive SMEs in Northern Mexico, specifically in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021). The empirical study is based on a follow-up survey conducted in 2022, which included enterprises from four metropolitan areas within the region. The findings indicate that the most resilient knowledge- intensive Mexican SMEs are those that originated as spinoffs, maintain organic connections with at least one multinational enterprise (MNE), and serve as suppliers to MNEs. These results are consistent with prior research highlighting the relationship between technology spillovers from MNEs and the absorptive capacities of SMEs. Additionally, they emphasize the need for further research into the role of regional innovation systems supporting SME resilience.
Bilateral Paravertebral Myelolipoma at Posterior Mediastinum, with a Compressive Effect on the Trachea; A Case Report
Authors: Rahmani-Joo Nasrin , Karimimobin Hadi , Sedaghati Farnoosh , Raisi-Fard Pegah , Fakhr Masoud Saadat , Rezvanfar Kiana , Khosravi Fateme
Published: September 2024

Background: Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of hematopoietic elements and adipose tissue. It is a nonfunctional tumor that often presents as an infrequent mass, leading to potential misdiagnosis.

Case presentation: This case report presents the case of a 77-year-old man who was referred to the hospital due to a severe productive cough and dyspnea. The symptoms had begun three weeks prior. Radiological examinations, including chest computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), revealed the presence of bilateral paravertebral masses. A biopsy of the left posterior mediastinum tissue, performed under CT scan guidance, showed sheets of trilineage hematopoietic elements surrounded by adipose tissue, which was consistent with myelolipoma. Subsequently, surgical excision of the mass was performed. Pathological examination confirmed the mass as benign and confirmed the nature of myelolipoma.

Conclusions: Myelolipoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal masses, as it is rare but possible. Differential diagnosis of myelolipoma, particularly from extramedullary hematopoiesis, is necessary.
Tools and Numbers: Movement Strategy and Women's Inclusion in Political Institutions
Authors: Beckwith Karen
Published: September 2024

What numbers of women are necessary for women to achieve gender parity in political office? What claims do feminists want to make about women’s inclusion in positions of political power? What tools do we need to achieve women’s and men’s political parity? Numbers determine the most important components of political competition, establishing how many positions are available; influencing how many persons contest for each position; and shaping how many potential office-holders are available. Ultimately, numbers determine how many women are necessary to achieve parity inclusion in politics.This paper addresses four political offices: 1) member of a national legislature; 2) cabinet minister; 3) party leader; and 4) head of government, identifying the number of positions in each , the nature of the competition, and the final selection process, and analyzes the likely conditions under which women’s selection chances are greatest and the tools organized women might employ to increase their numbers.
The Narrowing Path: Rebel Leader Exile in the Age of Accountability
Authors: Kim Myung Jung
Published: September 2024

This paper examines an overlooked yet important outcome of the international justice regime on civil war: rebel leaders going into exile. Utilizing an original dataset detailing the exile trajectories of rebel leaders (1989-2017), including when and where they flee, the study reveals two key findings. First, as a rebel’s home government becomes more susceptible to the international legal regime, rebel leaders implicated in serious human rights violations are more likely to seek exile. Second, the international justice regime shrinks the options for exile for these culpable rebel leaders: unlike in previous eras, now, when pursuing asylum, rebel leaders strategically select destinations with a lower likelihood of legal repercussions—leaving fewer options for their safe haven. These findings have critical implications for the literature on civil war, international law, and how law enforcement affects the migration patterns of implicated political leaders.
The Mouse and Anaheim: Disney's Dominance of Policy
Authors: Kraus Jeffrey
Published: September 2024

This paper examines the relationship between the city of Anaheim and the Walt Disney Company since Disneyland's opening. Disneyland became an economic force in Anaheim with the decline of the aerospace industry and the military’s presence in the area. By 1980, Disneyland was the area’s largest employer, with Disney seeking tax breaks and subsidies from Anaheim, threatening to limit Disneyland's growth if the City did not meet its demands. In the early 2000s, community groups argued the concessions granted to Disney came at the expense of the city’s poor neighborhoods, asserting concessions were unnecessary. An anti-Disney coalition took control of the City Council in 2016, blocking pro-Disney initiatives. In 2018, the Company increased its spending on pro-Disney candidates, and its supporters took control of the Council. When Disney’s dominance was challenged, the Company increased financial support for supportive candidates, resulting in the election of a pro-Disney mayor and Council majority.
Kolinlagring med biokol : Att nyttja biokol och hydrokol som kolsänka i östra Mellansverige
Authors: Andersson Henric , Hekkala Cathrine
Published: September 2024

Denna slutrapport beskriver ”Biokol kunskapslyft” som genomfördes 2022. Projektet omfattade biomassor, tillverkning, användningsområden och affärsmodeller samt kopplingar däremellan. Fördjupad insikt om biokol utvecklades och spreds under projektets gäng, liksom ny kunskap om hydrokol. Generellt sett tillverkas biokol med hjälp av pyrolys av torra biomassor medan hydrokol tillverkas med hydrotermisk karbonisering (HTC-processen) av våtare biomassor.En central del av projektet var analys av vilka biomassor som finns i regionen och hur hydrokol/biokol tillverkade av dessa passar for olika användningsområden. Analysen sammanställdes i en mappning mellan biomassor och användningsområden med en gradering av hur lämplig varje enskild kombination är. En slutsats från analysen är att dagens vanliga upplägg där biokol från obehandlad träflis används i urbana planteringar inte ar det mest optimala nyttjande av resurser. Stor potential hittades i andra kombinationer, till exempel att nyttja restströmmar från regionens många pappersbruk for att tillverka hydrokol och sedan använda som torversättning i planteringsjord.Vidare diskuterades affärsmodeller och en ny svensk standard som utvecklas av med Hushållningssällskapet som projektledning. Ett nätverk av aktorer inom biokol och hydrokol började ta form bland annat med befintliga intressenter från Vreta Kluster, Cleantech Östergotland, Linköpings universitet, Agtech 2030 och Branschföreningen Svensk biokol.Arbetsmetoden med tre workshops och ett öppet seminarium med kopplad samverkansdiskussion ansågs av deltagarna ha fungerat bra. Speciellt fokus lades på hybridmötesteknik med förstärkt teknikstöd for både digitalt och fysiskt deltagande, så att alla skulle få samma förutsättningar att kanna sig inkluderade. Fördelen med hybridupplagget var att kunna ha med deltagare från olika platser och organisationer, både nationellt och internationellt. Hela upplägget gav ett positivt stöd för samarbetsfokus mellan olika aktörer så som lantbrukare, panntillverkare, kommersiella användare, fritidsodlare, certifieringskunniga, klusterorganisationer och myndigheter.Arbetsmetoden ansågs passa till denna typ av kortare projekt och planeras att användas i kommande liknande kunskapsintensiva projekt med stort fokus på samarbete.Resultatet av arbetet finns i denna slutrapport.
Os historiadores do lado de fora: uma historiografia pública dos sites das prefeituras do Estado do Paraná
Authors: Reisdorfer Thiago , Pagliarini Junior Jorge
Published: September 2024

A pesquisa analisa narrativas históricas de 323 dos 399 sites municipais do Estado do Paraná, Brasil, os quais possuíam campo destinado à apresentação das suas histórias, e destaca um diagnóstico temático dessa abordagem. O debate conceitual acionado problematiza os usos potenciais da narrativa não acadêmica no suporte digital, aqui abordada e ancorada nos preceitos da História Pública. A metodologia discute elementos do trabalho de análise interna dos documentos, tendo por destaque o exercício de categorização das narrativas textuais. Os resultados indicam um potencial campo de atuação do historiador na produção de narrativas voltadas ao grande público.
Small molecular weight alginate gel porogen for the 3D bioprinting of microvasculature
Authors: Vanlauwe Florian , Dermaux Charlotte , Shamieva Sabina , Vermeiren Stef , Van Vlierberghe Sandra , Blondeel Phillip
Published: September 2024

In order to recreate the complexity of human organs, the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been focusing on methods to build organs from the bottom up by assembling distinct small functional units consisting of a biomaterial and cells. This bottom-up engineering requires bioinks that can be assembled by 3D bioprinting and that permit fast vascularization of the construct to ensure survival of embedded cells. To this end, a small molecular weight alginate (SMWA) gel porogen is presented herein. Alginate is a biocompatible biomaterial, which can be easily converted into small porogen gels with the procedure reported in this article. The SMWA porogen is mixed with photo-crosslinkable hydrogels and leached from the hydrogel post-crosslinking to increase porosity and facilitate vascularization. As a proof of concept, this system is tested with the commonly used biomaterial Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA). The SMWA porogen-GelMA blend is proven to be bioprintable. Incubating the blend for 20 min in a low concentration phosphate buffered saline and sodium citrate solution significantly reduces the remaining porogen in the hydrogel . The intent to completely leach the porogen from the hydrogel was abandoned, as longer incubation times and higher concentrations of phosphate and citrate were detrimental to endothelial proliferation. Nonetheless, even with remnants of the porogen left in the hydrogel, the created porosity significantly improves viability, growth factor signaling, vasculogenesis, and angiogenesis in 3D bioprinted structures. This article concludes that the usage of the SMWA porogen can improve the assembly of microvasculature in 3D bioprinted structures. This technology can benefit the bottom-up assembly of large scaffolds with high cell density through 3D bioprinting by improving cell viability and allowing faster vascularization.
Mechanical property testing and damage assessment of the regenerated rock mass with very weakly bonded cement
Authors: Wang Ping , Jiang Yongzhi , Ding Li , Li Peng , Wu Huan , Zhou Ze , Zhou Jinlian , Zhang Xiangyang
Published: September 2024

The regenerated rock mass is a bearing structure formed by natural compaction in a hollow area, and the investigation of its optimal consolidation material and consolidation parameters is the key to improving the supporting effect and bearing stability of roadways. The effects of consolidation materials and parameters on the stability of the regenerative rock mass were studied using laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and theoretical analyses. Acoustic emission was used to monitor the variation characteristics of energy and ringing count during the process of rock mass failure, and the bonding interface area of the extremely weak cementation regeneration structure was tested by electron microscope scanning. The results show that there is a quadratic function relationship between the water–cement ratio of different cementing materials and the bond strength of the recycled rock mass; the regenerative rock mass with superfine cement exhibited the highest compressive strength and the largest cumulative energy of acoustic emission. This shows that it has the strongest bearing capacity, the highest elastic performance, the most stable micro-fracture development, and the best cementation effect, followed by ordinary cement, gypsum, and laterite. The scanning test showed that the regenerated structure had more internal pores, a loose structure, and poor cementation. Three-dimensional scanning modeling of four representative broken rock blocks was carried out, and the simulation verified that the regenerated structure had macroscopic “X”-shaped shear failure characteristics. The numerical simulation also verified three forms of rupture in the regenerative structure detected by electron microscopy scanning. Exploring the mechanism of action of the regenerative rock mass in the goaf provides a certain reference value for the stability control of the regenerated rock mass roadway.
Structure-based virtual screening towards the discovery of novel thrombin inhibitors with Anti-HCC activities
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxi , Zheng Xumei , Han Chun , Wu Lintao
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Hepatic carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal malignant tumors in the world, and new treatment regimens for this disease are urgently needed. Studies have shown that thrombin stimulates tumor progression by forming fibrin and activating platelets. Dabigatran etexilate, a thrombin inhibitor, can inhibit the activity of thrombin and prevent the proliferation and metastasis of HCC in cells and nude mice.

Methods

The present study was designed to find thrombin inhibitors with novel skeletons, and further confirm the correlation between thrombin inhibition and HCC prevention to identify potential anti-HCC drug leads.

Results and Discussion

The potential thrombin inhibitors were firstly screened in the Topscience Database, and 20 potential active molecules were found by molecular docking. The effect of these molecules on thrombin inhibition, coagulation and tumor proliferation were evaluated, and the definite activity of ZXX-4 was identified. Further in vivo assays in nude mice showed that ZXX-4 inhibited tumor proliferation in nude mice, reduced tumor metastasis, and enhanced the clinical efficacy of first-line drug sorafenib for the treatment of HCC. ZXX-4 can be further explored as an anti-tumor lead compound with a novel skeleton, and inhibition of thrombin can serve as a potential treatment strategy for HCC.
The emerging roles of microbiome and short-chain fatty acids in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Gao Yuan , Wang Kaixuan , Lin Zupan , Cai Shujing , Peng Aohui , He Le , Qi Hui , Jin Zhigang , Qian Xubo
Published: September 2024

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease that affects premature infants and leads to long-term pulmonary complications. The pathogenesis of BPD has not been fully elucidated yet. In recent years, the microbiome and its metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in the gut and lungs have been demonstrated to be involved in the development and progression of the disease. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the potential involvement of the microbiome and SCFAs, especially the latter, in the development and progression of BPD. First, we introduce the gut-lung axis, the production and functions of SCFAs, and the role of SCFAs in lung health and diseases. We then discuss the evidence supporting the involvement of the microbiome and SCFAs in BPD. Finally, we elaborate on the potential mechanisms of the microbiome and SCFAs in BPD, including immune modulation, epigenetic regulation, enhancement of barrier function, and modulation of surfactant production and the gut microbiome. This review could advance our understanding of the microbiome and SCFAs in the pathogenesis of BPD, which also helps identify new therapeutic targets and facilitate new drug development.
Non-classical roles of bacterial siderophores in pathogenesis
Authors: Arnold Elliot
Published: September 2024

Within host environments, iron availability is limited, which instigates competition for this essential trace element. In response, bacteria produce siderophores, secondary metabolites that scavenge iron and deliver it to bacterial cells via specific receptors. This role in iron acquisition contributes significantly to bacterial pathogenesis, thereby designating siderophores as virulence factors. While prior research has primarily focused on unravelling the molecular mechanisms underlying siderophore biosynthesis, uptake, and iron sequestration, recent investigations have unveiled additional non-iron chelating functions of siderophores. These emerging roles are being consistently shown to support bacterial pathogenesis. In this review, we present the current understanding of siderophores in various roles: acquiring non-iron metal ions, supporting tolerance to metal-induced and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stresses, mediating siderophore signalling, inducing ROS formation, and functioning in class IIb microcins. By integrating recent findings, this review aims to provide an overview of the diverse roles of siderophores in bacterial pathogenesis.
Artificial intelligence and the dawn of an algorithmic divide
Authors: Eder Maximilian , Sjøvaag Helle
Published: September 2024

Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and algorithms reshape news curation and consumption. Against this background, previous research has been focused on divides between groups regarding access to such digital technologies. Disparities in awareness and knowledge of AI across socio-demographic groups seem to persist, potentially leading to an algorithmic divide. Despite this situation, there is still limited research into such an emerging inequality. Building on the framework of algorithmic literacy, this study aims to contribute to this gap with findings from a national representative study in Germany (N = 1,090) in January 2022, considering socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, and education. Findings shed important light on the extent to which news audiences are knowledgeable about the use of AI and algorithms in news selection and recommendation, as well as in society. The results of our analysis imply that newsrooms should increase their knowledge about the potential divides created by applying AI across sectors to various socio-demographic groups and stay vigilant about the level of transparency of their AI use.
Cathepsin D elevates the fibrocalcific activity in human aortic valve cells through the ERK1/2-Sox9 pathway
Authors: Yao Qingzhou , The Erlinda , Nedumaran Balachandar , Zhai Yufeng , Ao Lihua , Fullerton David A. , Meng Xianzhong
Published: September 2024

Background

Human Aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) from calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD)-affected valves exhibit elevated fibrocalcific activity although the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify endogenous factors that promote aortic valve fibrocalcification.

Methods and results

Proteomic analysis found increased cathepsin D levels in AVICs from CAVD-affected valves compared to AVICs from normal valves, and this finding was validated by immunoblotting. ELISA assay identified exacerbated release of cathepsin D by AVICs of diseased valves. Recombinant human cathepsin D upregulated the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen I and collagen IV in human AVICs, resulting in the deposition of calcium and collagen. Blocking of the ERK1/2-Sox9 signaling pathway markedly reduced the pro-fibrocalcific effect of cathepsin D. Moreover, normal AVICs express and release greater levels of cathepsin D when exposed to soluble matrilin 2. Knockdown of cathepsin D attenuated the fibrocalcific response induced by soluble matrilin 2.

Conclusion

AVICs of diseased aortic valves produce and release greater levels of cathepsin D that exerts a pro-fibrocalcific effect on AVICs through the ERK1/2-Sox9 pathway. Soluble matrilin 2 up-regulates cathepsin D to elevate AVIC fibrocalcific activity. Over-expression of cathepsin D in the aortic valve may enhance the pathobiological activities in AVICs.
Association of triglyceride-glucose index with sarcopenia: NHANES 2011–2014
Authors: Wei Xue , Liu Dandan
Published: September 2024

Background

A newly developed technique, the Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, supplies a more straightforward method to identify IR than the HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance). Yet no methodical analysis has looked into the link involving the TyG index and low muscle mass (LMM), low muscle strength (LMS), and sarcopenia within the US. Thus, this study intended to find any connection concerning the TyG index and LMM, LMS, and sarcopenia.

Methods

Between 2011 to 2014, data from the NHANES were used to conduct a nationally representative study involving 2,504 participants. LMM, LMS, and sarcopenia were the outcome variables. Moreover, this positive correlation persists irrespective of age and gender.

Results

The TyG index revealed a significant correlation with the prevalence of developing LMM (OR = 1.63(1.26–2.11), p=0.001), LMS (OR = 1.61(1.36–1.91), p<0.001) and sarcopenia (OR = 1.59 (1.23–2.07), p<0.001), after correcting for all variables. Utilizing smooth curve fitting alongside two-piecewise linear regression models, an inverted U-shaped correlation between the TyG index and the prevalence of LMM, LMS, and sarcopenia. Finally, subgroup analysis revealed that the association between the TyG index and LMM, LMS, and sarcopenia was particularly evident in all gender, age subgroups, and individuals with a normal BMI of 25.

Conclusion

Sarcopenia and the TyG index reveal an essential positive link. It highlights the potential utility of the TyG index as a screening tool for identifying individuals at risk of sarcopenia earlier.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in neoplastic diseases
Authors: Ji Lisan , He Xianzhen , Min Xinwen , Yang Handong , Wu Wenwen , Xu Hao , Chen Jun , Mei Aihua
Published: September 2024

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), a novel hypoglycemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, has well-known effects such as lowering blood sugar, ameliorating inflammation, reducing weight, and lowering blood lipids. It has also been shown that it can influence the proliferation and survival of cells and has a certain effect on the prognosis of some neoplastic diseases. In this study, the potential effects of GLP-1RAs on the occurrence and development of tumors were reviewed to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of tumors in patients.
Comprehensive review on cardiac manifestation of scrub typhus
Authors: Sivasubramanian Barath Prashanth , Abdul Khader Abul Hasan Shadali , Ravikumar Diviya Bharathi , Dominic Savio Francis Vino , Thirupathy Umabalan , Thiruvadi Varshini , Prasad Rhea , Thokala Hema , Qadeer Husna , Venkataperumal Dhiraj Poragal , Gupta Ashima , Honganur Nagaraj Sanchitha , Tirupathi Raghavendra
Published: September 2024

Scrub typhus, a zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by chiggers, predominantly affects the Asia-Pacific region. Complications of Scrub Typhus involve multiple systems, including cardiovascular (pericarditis, arrhythmia, myocarditis), respiratory (acute respiratory distress syndrome), hepatic (hepatitis), and renal (azotemia). In this review, we comprehensively focused on the cardiac manifestations caused due to scrub typhus. Scrub typhus-induced pericarditis should be suspected in patients residing in endemic regions presenting with fever, thrombocytopenia, and pericardial effusion. If undetected, it frequently leads to cardiomegaly, pericardial effusion, and congestive heart failure. Heart failure with scrub typhus commonly occurs following myocardial inflammation, particularly in patients with pre-existing cardiac disorders. Scrub typhus myocarditis is a relatively rare, but serious cardiac complication with a high mortality rate of up to 24.0%. Arrhythmias arise due to the involvement of the interventricular septum, coronary artery, or cardiac valves causing variable ECG findings including sinus arrhythmia, T wave changes, and QTc interval prolongation. Atrial fibrillation due to scrub typhus is associated with a 1.3 fold increase in 3-month mortality. These cardiac complications are mainly assessed using electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography. Serology is the primary diagnostic tool for O. tsutsugamushi. While the Scrub Typhus Detect IFA test offers 100% sensitivity, the Weil Felix test is specific and cost-effective. Nested PCR and ELISA are effective for early detection but are limited to resource-rich settings. Diagnostic difficulties arise from nonspecific symptoms and current testing limitations. Vaccine development using extracellular vesicles, nanoparticles, and subunit vaccines shows promise. Combined therapy with doxycycline and azithromycin is recommended for cardiac complications, alongside guideline-directed therapy. The review underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness and prompt management of scrub typhus, especially in endemic regions. It also highlights the necessity for further research into the pathogenesis of cardiac involvement and the development of more effective diagnostic tools and treatments.
Isolation and characterization of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from lettuce: a potential source of antibiotic resistance and development of a mathematical model for ANOVA results
Authors: Khan Ruby , Wali Saima , Khan Sumbal , Munir Shaista , Pari Bakht , Yousuf Amjad M. , Almutawif Yahya A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae contamination in raw lettuce from Risalpur, Pakistan, and to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the isolated strains. The presence of foodborne pathogens such as K. pneumoniae poses significant public health risks, particularly in regions with suboptimal hygiene practices and improper food handling.

Methods

Lettuce samples were collected from various sources in Risalpur and screened for K. pneumoniae. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of various antibiotics against the isolated strains. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA and linear regression, were conducted to assess differences in inhibition zones and to predict antibiotic effectiveness based on concentration.

Results

The results revealed a significant prevalence of K. pneumoniae in the lettuce samples, highlighting the risks associated with poor hygiene, transportation, storage, and contaminated irrigation water. The isolated strains exhibited high susceptibility to gentamicin but demonstrated notable resistance to doxycycline, vancomycin, and ticarcillin. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were identified. ANOVA showed significant differences in inhibition zones, and the linear regression model predicted a Zone of Inhibition based on antibiotic concentration (β0 = 10.6667, β1 = 0.4556).

Discussion

The identification of MDR strains of K. pneumoniae underscores the urgent need for enhanced antibiotic stewardship and food safety protocols to manage foodborne pathogens. Improved hygiene practices throughout the food production and supply chain are critical to mitigate health risks and address the challenge of growing antibiotic resistance.
Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep quality in patients with cancer-related insomnia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Luo Yu , He Hua , Cao Caihong , Xu Ruoxin , Tian Xiaohua , Jiang Gufen
Published: September 2024

Objective

Despite the widespread application of non-pharmacological therapies in treating cancer-related insomnia, a comprehensive assessment of these methods is lacking. This study aims to compare the efficacy of 11 non-pharmacological interventions for cancer-related insomnia, providing a theoretical basis for clinicians in choosing treatment methods.

Methods

We searched five databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, Wiley Library, and Web of Science, for relevant randomized controlled trials. Included studies involved patients diagnosed with cancer-related insomnia, employed non-pharmacological treatments, and reported outcomes using the PSQI and ISI. Bayesian statistical methods were used for the network meta-analysis, and statistical processing was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 14.0 software. The results were thoroughly analyzed and evaluated, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plot tests.

Results

Our study included 41 randomized controlled trials, comprising 11 different non-pharmacological interventions (3,541 participants), the network analysis identifying Electroacupuncture as the most effective, with a SUCRA value of 92.2% in ISI, this was followed by Professionally administered Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia(PCBT-I) and Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy(MBCT), with SUCRA values of 78.4 and 64.1%, respectively. Traditional Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia(CBT-I) and VCBT-I showed lower efficacy with SUCRA values of 55.9 and 55.2%, respectively. Exercise interventions and control groups had the lowest efficacy, with SUCRA values of 24.0 and 16.1%. Using PSQI as the outcome measure, Massage therapy ranked highest in improving sleep quality with a SUCRA value of 92.2%, followed by Professionally administered Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (PCBT-I) and Electroacupuncture. League tables indicated significant improvements in sleep outcomes for Electroacupuncture and MT compared to control groups, with Electroacupuncture (EA) showing an MD of −7.80 (95% CI: −14.45, −1.15) and MT an MD of −4.23 (CI: −8.00, −0.46).

Conclusion

Considering both outcome indicators, Electroacupuncture was significantly effective in alleviating the severity of insomnia, while MT was most effective in improving sleep quality. Therefore, in the non-pharmacological interventions for cancer-related insomnia, Electroacupuncture and MT May be particularly effective choices. Future research should further explore the specific mechanisms of action of these interventions and their efficacy in different patient groups.
Exploring the role of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 4 in brain metabolism: implications for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Crivelli Simone M. , Gaifullina Aisylu , Chatton Jean-Yves
Published: September 2024

The brain’s high demand for energy necessitates tightly regulated metabolic pathways to sustain physiological activity. Glucose, the primary energy substrate, undergoes complex metabolic transformations, with mitochondria playing a central role in ATP production via oxidative phosphorylation. Dysregulation of this metabolic interplay is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where compromised glucose metabolism, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to disease progression. This review explores the intricate bioenergetic crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons, highlighting the function of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs), particularly UCP4, as important regulators of brain metabolism and neuronal function. Predominantly expressed in the brain, UCP4 reduces the membrane potential in the inner mitochondrial membrane, thereby potentially decreasing the generation of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, UCP4 mitigates mitochondrial calcium overload and sustains cellular ATP levels through a metabolic shift from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis. Interestingly, the levels of the neuronal UCPs, UCP2, 4 and 5 are significantly reduced in AD brain tissue and a specific UCP4 variant has been associated to an increased risk of developing AD. Few studies modulating the expression of UCP4 in astrocytes or neurons have highlighted protective effects against neurodegeneration and aging, suggesting that pharmacological strategies aimed at activating UCPs, such as protonophoric uncouplers, hold promise for therapeutic interventions in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Despite significant advances, our understanding of UCPs in brain metabolism remains in its early stages, emphasizing the need for further research to unravel their biological functions in the brain and their therapeutic potential.
A case report of IPEX syndrome in Palestine: detailed family identification and breadth of disorders with the same defect
Authors: Malhis Lana , AbdalSalam Zeidan , Njoum Yumna , Abdelhaq Anan , Sharaf Muna
Published: September 2024

Immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a monogenic disorder characterized by multi-systemic autoimmunity secondary to loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding the forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) transcription factor which is important for the development, maturation, and maintenance of CD4 + regulatory T (T-reg) cells. Fewer than 300 affected individuals have been identified worldwide. The occurrence of IPEX is below 1:1,000,000. Herein we present a case of a 15-day-old male who was admitted to NICU 15 days after delivery due to respiratory distress. He was found to have metabolic acidosis due to DKA. During his stay in the NICU, he experienced seizures and was intubated for a month. He was diagnosed with neonatal diabetes. He also experienced recurrent respiratory infections and multiple episodes of diarrhea rash, and meningitis. At the age of 7 months, genetic testing confirmed IPEX with FOXP3 mutation, specifically the p.(Pro75Leu) variant of the FOXP3 gene. Subsequently, multiple family members were diagnosed. The unique variability observed in organ involvement and presentation timing among individuals within the same family, despite carrying an identical mutation, is a distinctive aspect, particularly considering the monoallelic expression of the FOXP3 gene in males. This phenomenon strongly suggests the presence of modifying genes that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of IPEX syndrome. The case presentation underscores the importance of clinical suspicion of IPEX in cases of neonatal DM. It also highlights the challenges associated with managing rare genetic disorders in pediatric patients. It also emphasizes that the IPEX genotype has a wide phenotype. This case is considered the first documented case of IPEX in Palestine.
Mediating kinase activity in Ras-mutant cancer: potential for an individualised approach?
Authors: Healy Fiona M. , Turner Amy L. , Marensi Vanessa , MacEwan David J.
Published: September 2024

It is widely acknowledged that there is a considerable number of oncogenic mutations within the Ras superfamily of small GTPases which are the driving force behind a multitude of cancers. Ras proteins mediate a plethora of kinase pathways, including the MAPK, PI3K, and Ral pathways. Since Ras was considered undruggable until recently, pharmacological targeting of pathways downstream of Ras has been attempted to varying success, though drug resistance has often proven an issue. Nuances between kinase pathway activation in the presence of various Ras mutants are thought to contribute to the resistance, however, the reasoning behind activation of different pathways in different Ras mutational contexts is yet to be fully elucidated. Indeed, such disparities often depend on cancer type and disease progression. However, we are in a revolutionary age of Ras mutant targeted therapy, with direct-targeting KRAS-G12C inhibitors revolutionising the field and achieving FDA-approval in recent years. However, these are only beneficial in a subset of patients. Approximately 90% of Ras-mutant cancers are not KRAS-G12C mutant, and therefore raises the question as to whether other distinct amino acid substitutions within Ras may one day be targetable in a similar manner, and indeed whether better understanding of the downstream pathways these various mutants activate could further improve therapy. Here, we discuss the favouring of kinase pathways across an array of Ras-mutant oncogenic contexts and assess recent advances in pharmacological targeting of various Ras mutants. Ultimately, we will examine the utility of individualised pharmacological approaches to Ras-mediated cancer.
Meta-analysis of the effect of plyometric training on the athletic performance of youth basketball players
Authors: Zhou Jing-Yi , Wang Xin , Hao Lei , Ran Xiao-Wen , Wei Wei
Published: September 2024

Objective

To investigate the effects of Plyometric Training (PT) on the athletic performance of youth basketball players (age 5–17.99) and to provide a theoretical basis for applying PT in basketball training practice.

Method

PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCO and other data platforms were searched, and Meta-analysis was performed using STATA 16.0 software.

Result

A total of 24 studies were included, with a sample size of 738 participants. The results showed that PT improved jumping, linear sprinting, change of direction (COD) speed, and balance in youth basketball players (p < 0.05) but did not significantly improve lower limb strength (p > 0.05). The results of subgroup analyses showed that:1) Regarding the effect of PT on different aspects of athletic performance, enhancements were found for vertical jump, 5–10 m, 20–30 m sprinting ability, velocity-oriented and force-oriented COD speed, and dynamic balance ability of youth basketball players. 2) When analyzing different participant subgroups, basketball players aged 5 to 10.99 and 11–14.99 years appeared to improve their jump, sprinting ability, and COD speed through PT training, whereas no improvements in sprinting ability and COD speed were found for players aged 15 to 17.99. Male and female youth basketball players could improve their jumping through PT, in contrast, straight-line sprinting ability and COD speed were significantly improved only by male youth basketball players, and balance ability was significantly improved only by female youth basketball players. 3) Regarding different training protocols, high-frequency PT (>2 times/week) with a low-volume (jumping ≤150 times/week) and Single-type PT (one specific movement) improved only jumping ability. In contrast, low-frequency PT (1–2 times/week) with a high-volume (jumping >150 times/week) and mixed-type PT (varied jumping drills) protocols significantly improved jumping, linear sprinting, COD speed, and balancing abilities.

Conclusion

PT can enhance the jumping, linear sprinting, COD speed, and balance of youth basketball players, but it does not affect lower limb strength. It is recommended that coaches make full use of the training-sensitive periods of young athletes by incorporating low-frequency, high-volume, and mixed-type PT into their regular training routines over the long term.
Regulation of colon injury and improvement of exercise performance in exhausted running mice by Lactobacillus pentosus CQZC02
Authors: Cai Limin , Wang Beibei
Published: September 2024

In this study, strenuous forced exercise caused intestinal damage and reduced the exercise capacity of mice. However, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Lactobacillus pentosus CQZC02 (LPCQZC02) were found to improve both the intestinal barrier and exercise function in mice. The effectiveness of LPCQZC02 was confirmed through various methods, including kit detection, pathological observation, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and intestinal flora analysis. The findings demonstrated that LPCQZC02 could control colonic index, lessen colonic enlargement caused by intense exercise, and extend the running duration of mice. Serum levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione (GSH), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were elevated, whereas those of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were reduced. The findings of the mRNA expression analysis revealed that in the colons of mice who remarkably exercised, LPCQZC02 could increase the expression levels of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin-1, and claudin-1 genes. Additionally, in skeletal muscle tissue, it could downregulate TNF-α expression level and upregulate copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) expression levels. Furthermore, LPCQZC02 could both reduce and promote beneficial bacteria in the intestines of mice undergoing intense exercise. In conclusion, LPCQZC02 emerged as a functional probiotic and demonstrated a notable advantage over sulfasalazine, a medication for intestinal conditions, in mitigating oxidative inflammation, repairing intestinal barrier damage, and enhancing motor function in mice subjected to strenuous exercise.
The interaction between selenium and other elements in soil and rice roots shaped by straw and straw biochar regulated the enrichment of selenium in rice grain
Authors: Rong Qinlei , Chen Jie , Zhang Yufang , Tan Zebin , Wang Wanjing , Sun Chunxia , Guo Xi , Zhou Chunhuo , Cai Haisheng , Zhao Xiaomin
Published: September 2024

The absorption and transport of selenium (Se) in rice depend on the shared transport proteins and channels with other elements. However, the interactions between Se and other elements within the soil–rice system and their relationship with Se-enriched rice are still not well understood. Hence, we conducted pot experiments to investigate the transformation of Se forms in soil and the absorption and enrichment of Se in rice, which varied with other elements influenced by straw and straw biochar returning in Se-rich red paddy soil. Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis was carried out to reveal the interaction between Se and other elements and the crucial processes in Se enrichment in rice grains. The results showed that the incorporation of straw and straw biochar into the fields increased the content of soil-soluble Se (SOL-Se) but significantly decreased the content of iron-manganese oxide-bound Se (FMO-Se) and organic matter-bound Se (OM-Se). Moreover, the rise in the soil-bioavailable Se was mainly attributed to the activation of FMO-Se and OM-Se. Compared with the NPK treatment, the contents of Se in rice grain were increased by 69.22% and 38.09%, under straw and biochar returning, respectively. However, the contents of Se in the leaves decreased. Variation partitioning analysis (VPA) indicated that the migration of Se in rice plants was significantly influenced by differences in rice tissues and their interactions with other nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and Se], explaining 51.5% and 35.3% of the variations in Se content in different rice parts, respectively. The PLS-PM analysis demonstrated that the absorption of Se by rice roots and its transportation from the leaves to grains were crucial processes affecting Se enrichment in rice. However, these processes were modulated by the interaction between soil properties and root nutrients (N, P, and Se) induced by straw and straw biochar incorporation. The present study provides further understanding of the main factors and key processes in regulating Se absorption and transformation in the soil–rice system to more efficiently utilize Se-rich paddy fields through agricultural management measures.
Quality of sleep after COVID-19 infection: a cross-sectional study in the Southern Italy
Authors: Sansone Vincenza , Angelillo Silvia , Paduano Giovanna , Pileggi Claudia , Nobile Carmelo Giuseppe Angelo , Di Giuseppe Gabriella
Published: September 2024

Introduction

This study investigated the quality of sleep in a sample of individuals from Southern Italy after the major waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of evaluating how sleep patterns changed.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2022 and January 2023 and involved adults who had a COVID-19 infection, who were invited to complete a self-administered online questionnaire.

Results

A total of 408 individuals participated in the survey. Overall, 66.4% had a reduction in social relations; 72.1% had an increase in the use of social media; and 86%, 77.2%, and 71.1% reported an extremely severe level of anxiety, stress, and depression, respectively. Almost all of the respondents had a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score (PSQI) ≥5, indicating poor sleep quality. Subjects with a severe or extremely severe depression score, a severe or extremely severe stress score, who had a job, and who had someone close who died because of a COVID-19 infection were more likely to have a high PSQI global score. The use of sleep medication in the past months was significantly higher in those who were older, who had a job, who had a COVID-19 infection in the first and second waves, who had someone close who died from COVID-19, and who did not have changes in social relationships during the pandemic. Moreover, participants with severe or extremely severe depression scores, with severe or extremely severe stress scores, who were women, and who were older had troubles staying awake while engaging in social activities during the past month.

Conclusion

The results bring to light the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among individuals who were infected with SARS-CoV-2. Future research is needed to understand whether these disturbances are still present in the endemic period and whether it is necessary to investigate further determinants that have affected and/or are affecting sleep quality.