bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex-specific spatial use of the winter foraging areas by Magellanic penguins and assessment of potential conflicts with fisheries during winter dispersal
Authors: Dodino Samanta , Lois Nicolás A. , Riccialdelli Luciana , Polito Michael J. , Pütz Klemens , Raya Rey Andrea
Published: August 2021

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) disperse widely during winter and are a major consumer of marine resources over the Patagonian Shelf. Magellanic penguins were equipped with geolocators at Martillo Island in late February- early March 2017 and recaptured at the beginning of the next breeding season to recover the devices and to collect blood samples for stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analysis. We evaluated their whole winter dispersal and their trophic niche by sex during the last month of the winter dispersal. Also, we evaluated their spatial overlap with bottom trawl and shrimp fisheries using data from satellite fisheries monitoring. Penguins dispersed northwards up to 42°S and showed latitudinal spatial segregation between sexes during May to August (females were located further north than males). In contrast, during the last month of the winter dispersal females were located more southerly and showed lower trophic position than males. Also, females did not dive as deep as males during winter. We found high overlap between both fisheries and penguin’s spatial use in regions with documented interaction. However, no sex-specific statistical differences with fisheries overlap were found. Our results highlight the importance of understanding the spatial domains of each sex and assessment of their potential conflicts with bottom trawl fishery and shrimp fishery during the winter period.
The spread of the cult of Asclepius in the context of the Roman army benefited from the presence of physicians: A spatial proximity analysis
Authors: Glomb Tomáš
Published: August 2021

The article applies a GIS based approach to the study of the spread of the cult of Asclepius, the Greco-Roman healing god, during the Roman period. It explores the role of soldiers and physicians in the spatial dissemination of the cult along the transportation network of Roman roads in the border provinces of Britannia, Germania Superior and Inferior, Raetia, Noricum, Pannonia Superior and Inferior, Moesia Superior and Inferior, and Dacia. These provinces were selected as a suitable area for quantitative GIS exploration because they were all on the outer border of the Roman Empire, had a significant military presence, and there is a representative amount of inscriptions attested that can be used as proxies for the spatial occurrence of the three measured variables: the cult of Asclepius, Roman soldiers, and Roman physicians. After establishing by means of spatial proximity analysis that the cult of Asclepius occurred frequently in the context of the Roman army, the article proposes and quantitatively evaluates a more specific hypothesis; i.e., that the spatial occurrences of Roman physicians in inscriptions are a relevant predictor for the spatial occurrences of the worship of Asclepius in the environment of the Roman army because of the shared focus between physicians and the cult of Asclepius—health and medicine. The highly significant results of the statistical analysis reveal a positive trend in the spatial relationships between Roman physicians and the worship of Asclepius in the context of the Roman army in the majority of provinces of interest, thus supporting the proposed hypothesis. The results presented in the article demonstrate the potential of the GIS approach in testing assumptions produced by traditional scholarship and in nuancing our understanding of a specific process of cultural spread.
Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof scheme from RLWE-based key exchange
Authors: Xie Shaofen , Yao Wang , Wu Faguo , Zheng Zhiming
Published: August 2021

Lattice-based non-interactive zero-knowledge proof has been widely used in one-way communication and can be effectively applied to resist quantum attacks. However, lattice-based non-interactive zero-knowledge proof schemes have long faced and paid more attention to some efficiency issues, such as proof size and verification time. In this paper, we propose the non-interactive zero-knowledge proof schemes from RLWE-based key exchange by making use of the Hash function and public-key encryption. We then show how to apply the proposed schemes to achieve the fixed proof size and rapid public verification. Compared with previous approaches, our schemes can realize better effectiveness in proof size and verification time. In addition, the proposed schemes are secure from completeness, soundness, and zero-knowledge.
IMRAS—Immunization with radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites by mosquito bite: Cellular immunity to sporozoites, CSP, AMA1, TRAP and CelTOS
Authors: Sedegah Martha , Hollingdale Michael R. , Ganeshan Harini , Belmonte Maria , Huang Jun , Belmonte Arnel , Inoue Sandra , Velasco Rachel , Hickey Bradley , Teneza-Mora Nimfa , Lumsden Joanne , Reyes Sharina , Banania Jo Glenna , Reyes Anatalio , Guzman Ivelese , Richie Thomas L. , Epstein Judith E. , Villasante Eileen
Published: August 2021

Background

Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS) by mosquito bites provides >90% sterile protection against Plasmodium falciparum malaria in humans. We conducted a clinical trial based on data from previous RAS clinical trials that suggested that 800–1200 infected bites should induce ~50% protective vaccine efficacy (VE) against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) administered three weeks after the final immunization. Two cohorts were immunized separately. VE was 55% in Cohort 1 but 90% in Cohort 2, the cohort that received a higher first dose and a reduced (fractional) fifth dose. Immune responses were better boosted by the fractional fifth dose in Cohort 2 and suggested the importance of the fractional fifth dose for increased protection in Cohort 2 responses. Three protected subjects were later boosted and were protected suggesting that protection could be extended to at least 67 weeks.

Methods

The ex vivo FluoroSpot assay was used to measure peripheral IFN-γ, IL2, and IFN-γ+IL2 responses to PfNF54 sporozoites and malaria antigens CSP, AMA1, TRAP, and CelTOS using pools of synthetic overlapping 15mer peptides spanning each antigen.

Results

There was no correlation between IFN-γ, IL2, and IFN-γ+IL2 responses to sporozoites and protection, but fold-increases between post-4th and post-5th responses greater than 1.0 occurred mostly in protected subjects. IFN-γ and IL2 responses to TRAP, CelTOS and CSP occurred only in protected subjects. Peripheral IFN-γ, IL2, and IFN-γ+IL2 responses were short-lived and low by 27 weeks post-CHMI but were restored by boosting.

Conclusions

These studies highlight the importance of vaccine dose and schedule for vaccine efficacy, and suggest that CSP, TRAP, AMA1 and CelTOS may be targets of protective immunity. The correlation between fold-increases in responses and protection should be explored in other vaccine trials.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01994525.
Dietary homogenization and spatial distributions of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope ratios in human hair in South Korea
Authors: Lee Han-Seul , Shim Ji-Yu , Shin Woo-Jin , Choi Seung-Hyun , Bong Yeon-Sik , Lee Kwang-Sik
Published: August 2021

Dietary homogenization has progressed worldwide due to westernization and the globalization of food production systems. We investigated dietary heterogeneity in South Korea by examining the spatial distribution of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) isotope ratios using 264 human hair samples. Overall, variation in isotope values was small, indicating low dietary heterogeneity. We detected differences inδ13C,δ15N, andδ34S values between administrative provinces and metropolitan cities; inter-regional differences were typically < 1 ‰. Values ofδ34S were significantly lower in hair samples from inland regions relative to those from coastal locations, and a similar pattern was observed inδ15N values. Understanding geographic variation inδ34S andδ15N values in human hair is useful for provenancing humans in South Korea.
The impact of health worker absenteeism on patient health care seeking behavior, testing and treatment: A longitudinal analysis in Uganda
Authors: Zhang Han , Fink Günther , Cohen Jessica
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Absenteeism of frontline health workers in public sector facilities is widespread in low-income countries. There is little quantitative evidence on how health worker absenteeism influences patient treatment seeking behavior, though low public sector utilization and heavy reliance on the informal sector are well documented in low-income settings.

Methods

Using a unique panel dataset covering health facilities and households over a 10-month period in Uganda, we investigate the extent to which health worker absenteeism (defined as zero health workers present at a health facility) impacts patient care seeking behavior, testing, and treatment.

Results

We find high rates of health worker absenteeism at public sector health facilities, with most of the absenteeism occurring at lower level public health clinics. On average, no health worker was present in 42% of all days monitored in lowest level public health clinics, whereas this number was less than 5% in high level public hospitals and private facilities. In our preferred empirical model with household fixed effects, we find that health worker absenteeism reduces the odds that a patient seeks care in the public sector (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.44–0.95) and receives malaria testing (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.53–0.99) and increases the odds of paying out-of-pocket for treatment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.10–1.80). The estimated differences in care-seeking are larger for children under-five than for the overall study population.

Conclusions

The impact of health worker absenteeism on the quality of care received as well as the financial burden faced by households in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial.
The Claiming Costs Scale: A new instrument for measuring the costs potential beneficiaries face when claiming social benefits
Authors: Janssens Julie , Goedemé Tim , Ponnet Koen
Published: August 2021

It is a well-known feature of social protection systems that not all persons who are entitled to social benefits also claim these benefits. The costs people face when claiming benefits is considered an important cause of this phenomenon of non-take-up. In this paper, we developed and examined the psychometric properties of a new scale, the Claiming Cost Scale (CCS), which measures three dimensions of costs associated with claiming benefits. A multi-phase instrument development method was performed to develop the instrument. The item pool was generated based on a literature review, and presented to academic experts (n = 9) and experts by experience (n = 5) to assess content and face validity. In a second stage, centrality and dispersion, construct validity, convergent and divergent validity, and internal reliability of the instrument were tested. These analyses were based on two samples (n = 141 and n = 1265) of individuals living in low-income households in Belgium. Nine items were retained, which represent three factors (Information costs, Process costs and Stigma). The confirmatory factor analysis proved adequate model fitness. Both convergent and divergent validity were good, and internal consistency was adequate, with Cronbach’s alpha ranging between .73 and .87. The findings showed that the CCS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the costs potential beneficiaries face when claiming benefits. Consisting of only nine items, the scale can be easily implemented in large-scale survey research or used in day-to-day work of service providers who are interested in understanding non-take-up of their service.
A national survey in United Arab Emirates on practice of passive range of motion by physiotherapists in intensive care unit
Authors: Alaparthi Gopala Krishna , Raigangar Veena , Chakravarthy Bairapareddy Kalyana , Gatty Aishwarya , Mohammad Shamma , Alzarooni Asma , Atef Marah , Abdulrahman Rawan , Redha Sara , Rashid Aisha , Tamim May
Published: August 2021

Background

Patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) are at an increased risk of developing immobility related complications. Physiotherapists are challenged to employ preventive and rehabilitative strategies to combat these effects. Passive limb range of motion (PROM) exercises- a part of early mobilization-aid in maintaining joint range of motion and functional muscle strength and forms a part of treatment for patients in ICU. However, there is a lack of evidence on practice of PROM exercises on patients admitted to ICU in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study aimed at exploring practices regarding the same in UAE.

Methods

This survey, conducted from January 2021 to February 2021 in College of Physiotherapy, Sharjah University studied practice of physiotherapists in the intensive care units. Physiotherapists currently working in ICU completed an online questionnaire composed of forty-two questions about physiotherapy service provision, assessment and intervention in the intensive care units.

Results

33 physiotherapists completed the survey. 66.6% of respondents routinely assessed PROM for all the patients in ICU referred for physiotherapy. 84.8% of them assessed all the joints. More than half of the respondents (57.8%) reported that they administered PROM regularly to all the patients. According to 63.6% respondents, maintaining joint range of motion was the main reason for performing PROM. Responses pertaining to sets and repetitions of PROM were variable ranging from 1–6 sets and from 3 to 30 repetitions. Personal experience, resources/financial consideration and research findings were found to have influence on the practice.

Conclusions

PROM was found to be one of the frequently used mobilization techniques administered by physiotherapists in the intensive care units and was mostly performed after assessment. Maintaining joint range of motion was the main aim for performing PROM. Variability was found in the sets and repetitions of PROM administered. Various factors influenced the practice of PROM.
Adapting the coordination of eyes and head to differences in task and environment during fully-mobile visual exploration
Authors: Franchak John M. , McGee Brianna , Blanch Gabrielle
Published: August 2021

How are eyes and head adapted to meet the demands of visual exploration in different tasks and environments? In two studies, we measured the horizontal movements of the eyes (using mobile eye tracking in Studies 1 and 2) and the head (using inertial sensors in Study 2) while participants completed a walking task and a search and retrieval task in a large, outdoor environment. We found that the spread of visual exploration was greater while searching compared with walking, and this was primarily driven by increased movement of the head as opposed to the eyes. The contributions of the head to gaze shifts of different eccentricities was greater when searching compared to when walking. Findings are discussed with respect to understanding visual exploration as a motor action with multiple degrees of freedom.
Vibration responses characteristics of a Ginkgo biloba tree excited under harmonic excitation
Authors: Lin Huan , Sun Leihou
Published: August 2021

The most effective method of the fruit harvesting is the mechanical harvest. The frequency spectrum of different testing positions on a Ginkgo biloba tree under the impact excitation was tested in the laboratory. The acceleration responses under the harmonic excitation were measured at the frequency of the peak and trough points in the frequency spectrum curves. Results of this research indicate that the frequency spectrum presented the consistency on the same branch but distinction among different branches. There was a correspondence between the frequency spectrum characteristics and the vibration responses. The vibration responses could be strengthened at the resonant frequency. Merely, the acceleration responses at low frequency were very weak. At higher frequency, the vibration responses were strong but presented different characteristics among different branches. The acceleration response on the trunk was always the weakest. On the same branch, the dynamic responses presented the similar characteristics and the acceleration amplitude increased gradually as the testing position was located away from the excitation point on the trunk. Among different branches, the strongest dynamic response appeared at different frequencies. Our results indicate that it was difficult to induce the strong vibration response of all the branches at the single frequency during the practical mechanical harvesting of fruits.
Defining the reference range for right ventricular systolic strain by echocardiography in healthy subjects: A meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Tom Kai Ming , Grimm Richard A. , Rodriguez L. Leonardo , Collier Patrick , Griffin Brian P. , Popović Zoran B.
Published: August 2021

Background

Right ventricular (RV) systolic strain has recently demonstrated prognostic value in various cardiovascular diseases. Despite this, the reference range including the lower limit of normal (LLN) and factors associated with RV strain measurements are not well-established. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the mean and LLN of two- (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) right ventricular global (RVGLS), free wall (RVFWLS) and interventricular septal wall (IVSLS) longitudinal strains in healthy individuals and factors that affect strain measurements.

Methods

In this meta-analysis, Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched until 31 July 2020 for eligible studies reporting RVGLS, RVFWLS and/or IVSLS in at least 30 healthy subjects. We pooled the means and LLNs of RV strains by two- (2D) and three- (3D) dimensional echocardiography, and performed meta-regression analyses.

Results

From 788 articles screened, 45 eligible studies totaling 4439 healthy subjects were eligible for analysis. Pooled means and LLNs with 95% confidence intervals for 2D- RV strains were RVGLS -23.4% (-24.2%, -22.6%) and -16.4% (-17.3%, -15.5%) in 27 studies; RVFWLS -26.9% (-28.0%, -25.9%) and -18.0% (-19.2%, -16.9%) in 32 studies; and IVSLS –20.4% (-22.0%, -18.9%) and -11.5% (-13.6%, -9.6%) in 10 studies, and similar results for 3D- RV strains. Right ventricular fractional area change and vendor software were associated with 2D-RVGLS and RVFWLS means and LLNs.

Conclusion

We reported the pooled means and LLNs of RV systolic strains in healthy subjects, to define thresholds for abnormal, borderline and normal strains. Important factors associated with RV systolic strains include right ventricular fractional area change and vendor software.
The absence of fans removes the home advantage associated with penalties called by National Hockey League referees
Authors: Guérette Joël , Blais Caroline , Fiset Daniel
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on professional sports, notably, forcing the National Hockey League to hold its 2020 playoffs in empty arenas. This provided an unprecedented opportunity to study how crowds may influence penalties awarded by referees in an ecological context. Using data from playoff games played during the COVID-19 pandemic and the previous 5 years (n = 547), we estimate the number of penalties called by referees depending on whether or not spectators were present. The results show an interaction between a team’s status (home; away) and the presence or absence of crowds. Post-hoc analyses reveal that referees awarded significantly more penalties to the away team compared to the home team when there is a crowd present. However, when there are no spectators, the number of penalties awarded to the away and home teams are not significantly different. In order to generalize these results, we took advantage of the extension of the pandemic and the unusual game setting it provided to observe the behavior of referees during the 2020–2021 regular season. Again, using data from the National Hockey League (n = 1639), but also expanding our sample to include Canadian Hockey League games (n = 1709), we also find that the advantage given to the home team by referees when in front of a crowd fades in the absence of spectators. These findings provide new evidence suggesting that social pressure does have an impact on referees’ decision-making, thus contributing to explain the phenomenon of home advantage in professional ice hockey.
‘Seeing’ proximal representations: Testing attitudes to the relationship between vision and images
Authors: Samuel Steven , Hagspiel Klara , Cole Geoff G. , Eacott Madeline J.
Published: August 2021

Corrections applied by the visual system, like size constancy, provide us with a coherent and stable perspective from ever-changing retinal images. In the present experiment we investigated how willing adults are to examine their own vision as if it were an uncorrected 2D image, much like a photograph. We showed adult participants two lines on a wall, both of which were the same length but one was closer to the participant and hence appeared visually longer. Despite the instruction to base their judgements on appearance specifically, approximately half of the participants judged the lines to appear the same. When they took a photo of the lines and were asked how long they appeared in the image their responses shifted; now the closer line appeared longer. However, when they were asked again about their own view they reverted to their original response. These results suggest that many adults are resistant to imagining their own vision as if it were a flat image. We also place these results within the context of recent views on visual perspective-taking.
Imprecise recombinant viruses evolve via a fitness-driven, iterative process of polymerase template-switching events
Authors: Bentley Kirsten , Alnaji Fadi Ghassan , Woodford Luke , Jones Siân , Woodman Andrew , Evans David J.
Published: August 2021

Recombination is a common feature of many positive-strand RNA viruses, playing an important role in virus evolution. However, to date, there is limited understanding of the mechanisms behind the process. Utilising in vitro assays, we have previously shown that the template-switching event of recombination is a random and ubiquitous process that often leads to recombinant viruses with imprecise genomes containing sequence duplications. Subsequently, a process termed resolution, that has yet to be mechanistically studied, removes these duplicated sequences resulting in a virus population of wild type length genomes. Using defined imprecise recombinant viruses together with Oxford Nanopore and Illumina high throughput next generation sequencing technologies we have investigated the process of resolution. We show that genome resolution involves subsequent rounds of template-switching recombination with viral fitness resulting in the survival of a small subset of recombinant genomes. This alters our previously held understanding that recombination and resolution are independent steps of the process, and instead demonstrates that viruses undergo frequent and continuous recombination events over a prolonged period until the fittest viruses, predominantly those with wild type length genomes, dominate the population.
NK cells eliminate Epstein-Barr virus bound to B cells through a specific antibody-mediated uptake
Authors: Alari-Pahissa Elisenda , Ataya Michelle , Moraitis Ilias , Campos-Ruiz Miriam , Altadill Mireia , Muntasell Aura , Moles Anna , López-Botet Miguel
Published: August 2021

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) causes a highly prevalent and lifelong infection contributing to the development of some malignancies. In addition to the key role played by T cells in controlling this pathogen, NK cells mediate cytotoxicity and IFNγ production in response to EBV-infected B cells in lytic cycle, both directly and through antibody (Ab)-dependent activation. We recently described that EBV-specific Ab-dependent NK cell interaction with viral particles (VP) bound to B cells triggered degranulation and TNFα secretion but not B cell lysis nor IFNγ production. In this report we show that NK cell activation under these conditions reduced B cell transformation by EBV. NK cells eliminated VP from the surface of B cells through a specific and active process which required tyrosine kinase activation, actin polymerization and Ca2+, being independent of proteolysis and perforin. VP were displayed at the NK cell surface before being internalized and partially shuttled to early endosomes and lysosomes. VP transfer was encompassed by a trogocytosis process including the EBV receptor CD21, together with CD19 and CD20. Our study reveals a novel facet of the antibody-dependent NK cell mediated response to this viral infection.
On the comparative method, internal reconstruction, and other analytical tools for the reconstruction of the evolution of the Basque language: An assessment
Authors: Hualde José Ignacio
Published: August 2021

This paper is an attempt to present the state of the art in Basque historical phonology. The accomplishments and limitations of different methodologies are evaluated. These methodologies include the application of the comparative method to Basque dialects, the analysis of old borrowings in Michelena’s work, internal reconstruction, and Lakarra’s canonical root hypothesis. I also discuss the possibilities afforded by internal reconstruction and root theory for discovering genetic relationships between Basque and other languages, focusing on recent proposals.
Discrepancies in the efficacy of H5 inactivated avian influenza vaccines in specific-pathogen-free chickens against challenge with the Egyptian H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 Group B virus isolated in 2018
Authors: El-Moeid Amena Abd , EL-Deeb Ayman Hany , Elsaied Marwa Fathy , Soliman Reem Ahamed , EL-Safty Mounir Mohamed , Hussein Hussein Aly
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4 was newly emerged to Egypt and firstly detected in carcasses of wild birds in November 2016. This study assessed the protection efficacy and virus shedding reduction of three different inactivated avian influenza (AI) H5 (H5N1, H5N2, and H5N3) commercial vaccines against challenge with two newly emerging highly pathogenic AI virus H5N8 Egyptian isolates in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks.

Materials and Methods: 10-day-old SPF chicks (n=260) were divided into 20 groups (n=13). Groups 1-5 were vaccinated through the subcutaneous route (S/C) with 0.5 mL of H5N1 vaccine, Groups 6-10 were vaccinated (S/C) with 0.5 mL of H5N2 vaccine, and Groups 11-15 were vaccinated (S/C) with 0.5 mL of H5N3 vaccine. Positive control groups (16-19) were challenged at 25 and 31 days old (2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination [PV]) using H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 A/duck/Egypt/ F13666A/2017(H5N8) and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4 A/chicken/Egypt/18FL6/2018(H5N8). Group 20 was left non-vaccinated as a control. All vaccinated groups were divided and challenged with both viruses at 25 and 31 days of age. The viral challenge dose was 0.1 mL of 106 EID50/0.1 mL titer/chick, and it was administered oronasally. All chicks were kept in isolators for 14 days after each challenge. Sera samples were collected weekly and at 2 weeks post-challenge (PC) to detect a humoral immune response. PC mortalities were recorded daily for 10 days to calculate the protection percentages. Tracheal swabs were collected from the challenged chicks in different groups at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days PC. Kidneys and spleens were collected at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days PC and kept in formalin for histopathological examination to assess lesions and severity scores. Tracheal swabs were inoculated in 10-day-old SPF embryonated chicken eggs for virus titration and to calculate shedding levels.

Results: All studied vaccines displayed 70-100% protection within 10 days PC. Hemagglutination inhibition results from sera samples revealed antibody titers ranging from 0.6 to 5.4 log2 starting at 1-week PV with the highest titers at 4 weeks PV. Challenged SPF chickens exhibited a notable reduction in virus shedding, with an average of 1.5-2 log10, compared to control birds. Various histopathological lesions with different scores were detected.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the inadequate virus shedding reduction and protection efficacy of studied vaccines were variable and that the type of vaccine to be used under field conditions should be reconsidered. Study of the variability between the Egyptian old emerged AI (AIV) 2017 H5N8 strains and the new emerging AIV 2018 H5N8 is required to achieve optimal protection and limit the current economic losses.
Indonesia Emas Berkelanjutan 2045: Kumpulan Pemikiran Pelajar Indonesia Sedunia Seri 10 Pangan
Authors: Zahraturrahmi Zahraturrahmi ,   Isparta Uygulamalı Bilimler Üniversitesi (ISUBÜ), Udhayana Hr Khadijah Febriana Rukhmanti ,   Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Mahardika Surya Bagus ,   Northeast Forest University, Ramadhan Mushthafainal Akhyar ,   International Islamic University of Malaysia, Az Zahroh Zulfa ,   Selcuk University, Subrata Bhaskara Anggarda Gathot ,   Ondokuz Mayis University, Ketaren Anthonius ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Syukron Muh. ,   University of Missouri-Columbia, Anggriawan Rendy ,   Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Foenna Yudi Gebri ,   Suleyman Demirel University, Tampubolon Hotma Uli Octavia ,   International Institute of Information Technology Bangalore
Published: August 2021

Seri Pangan mendukung poin ke-2 SDGs, yakni “Tanpa Kelaparan” (zero hunger). Bunga rampai ini terbagi menjadi lima tema besar, yaitu ekonomi pertanian, ketahanan pangan, diversifikasi pangan lokal, optimalisasi produksi pangan, dan penanganan malnutrisi. Perjalanan Indonesia masihlah sangat panjang untuk mewujudkan tujuan tanpa kelaparan. Untuk itu, sebuah negara haruslah mencapai ketahanan pangan, perbaikan nutrisi, dan menggalakkan pertanian yang berkelanjutan. Dengan terbitnya seri bunga rampai ini, diharapkan dapat mewujudkan pembangunan Indonesia yang berkelanjutan, terutama di sektor pangan. Selain itu, buku ini juga dapat dijadikan acuan untuk para pemangku kepentingan di bidang pertanian, teknologi pangan, ahli gizi, dan para akademisi terkait. Temukan beragam sudut pandang baru terkait pengelolaan di sektor pangan dalam buku ini
Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) for Selected
Ornamental Plants in Urban Metropolis of Northern India
Authors: Saxena Pallavi , Sonwani Saurabh , Gupta Anil K.
Published: August 2021

Present study aims to evaluate the tolerance and sensitivity of some selected common ornamental
plants like Dracaena deremensis, Tagetes erecta and Dianthus caryophyllus by the Air Pollution
Tolerance Index (APTI) at selected sites in an urban metropolis of Northern India, Delhi city. Air
pollutant concentrations were monitored at Site I (nearby traffic intersection with less vegetation) and
Site II (far by from traffic intersection with dense vegetation) and selected plant species were examined
for their biochemical response during winter months (November 16, 2016 – February17, 2017). Based
on the results, Dracaena deremensis and Tagetes erecta were segregated under tolerant whereas,
Dianthus caryophyllus was under the sensitive category. Therefore, Dracaena deremensis and Tagetes
erecta can be used as natural air filters or sinks for mitigation of air pollution and Dianthus caryophyllus
as biomonitors or bioindicators.
DESIGN OF A PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PROGRAM TO PREVENT FUNCTIONAL DECLINE IN ONCO-GERIATRIC PATIENTS (CAPADOGE): A RANDOMIZED MULTICENTER TRIAL
Authors: DURRIEU J. , DOUSSAU A. , RIEGER A. , TERREBONNE E. , BOUABDALLAH K. , ZWOLAKOWSKI M.-D. , MAGET B. , DAUBA J. , MARIETTE C. , TRAGER S. , PERIE J.-L. , ROBERT B. , REGUEME S.C. , BOURDEL-MARCHASSON I.
Published: August 2021

Background: Cancer in older patient favours the development of frailty: feeling of exhaustion, loss of weight, decreased muscle strength, slow gait speed, and low physical activity. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of adapted physical activity phone advices in limiting the cancer-induced loss of autonomy and frailty phenotype development. Design: Multicenter randomized controlled trial. Setting: Patients (>70y) undergoing curative treatment for cancer (n=400) will be recruited from 12 centres. Intervention: The intervention consists in phoned personalized physical activity advices related to strength, aerobic, balance, proprioception, and flexibility. The contacts are performed twice a month during six months and then monthly until 1 year. The intervention complements the PNNS booklet advices (National Nutritional Health Program). The trial compares "individualized phone advices + PNNS" to "usual care + PNNS". Measurements: Functional, cognitive, clinical and self-reported data are assessed before treatment and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 month follow-up. The primary outcome is the proportion of subjects with a one-year decreased SPPB (Short Physical Performance Battery) score of one point or more, as compared to baseline. The secondary outcomes include quality of life items, rate of hospitalizations, institutionalizations, mortality, Fried phenotype at 1 and 2 years, and the SPPB score at 2 years. Discussion: This large trial will provide clinical data of the effects of an exercise advices intervention in older patients during cancer therapy on function and cognition evolution, and quality of life. The possibilities of minimizing the development of frailty phenotype due to these advices will be explored.
THE PERCEPTION AND IMPACT OF COVID-19 NEWS ON THE SOCIETY
Authors: Hafidzi Anwar , Sahir Syafrida Hafni , Eliya Ixsir , Siregar Fitri Ariani , Sudarmanto Budi Agung
Published: August 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui reaksi masyarakat terhadap informasi pandemi Covid yang disampaikan oleh media massa. Penyampaian berbagai berita atau hal yang sejenisnya secara berkali-kali membuat masyarakat mudah faham, dan memiliki dampak ketidakpercayaan jika tidak sesuai dengan faktanya. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk mengungkap dan menemukan bahwa media massa secara simultan dapat meningkatkan kepercayaan tentang covid-19 atau sebaliknya. Penelitian ini berbeda dengan yang lainnya, dikarenakan bahwa media yang secara simultan malah membuat ketidakpercayaan secara penuh terhadap pemberitaan yang disampaikan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif secara pusposive sampling terhadap para mahasiswa yang sekarang lagi belajar secara daring dan selalu dekat dengan berita di media sosial. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 300 mahasiswa yang terdiri dari tujuh kampus di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa informasi yang disampaikan berulang kali tentang Covid akhirnya membuat masyarakat kurang peduli terhadap Covid. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan munculnya fakta terbalik dari berita dari berbagai media massa.Kata kunci: Persepsi, media, fakta, simultan, masyarakat AbstractThis study aims to determine the public's reaction to the Covid pandemic information conveyed by the mass media. Repeatedly conveying various news or similar things makes it easy for the public to understand, and has an impact of distrust if it is not by the facts. This study tries to uncover and find that mass media can simultaneously increase beliefs about Covid-19 or vice versa. This study is different from the others because the media simultaneously make complete distrust of the news delivered. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative by purposive sampling of students who are currently studying online and are always close to the news on social media. Respondents in this study were 300 students from seven campuses in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Based on the findings, this study concluded that the information that was repeatedly conveyed about Covid ultimately made the public less concerned about Covid. This is evidenced by the emergence of upside-down facts from the news from various mass media.Keywords: Perception, media, facts, simultaneous, society
Genealogies of the Study of Material Texts
Authors: Chartier (20–25) Roger
Published: August 2021

This essay is devoted to the different branches of the French material textual tree. Analytical bibliography was not one of them. The decisive elements were the attention paid by H.-J. Martin to the lay-out of the texts as a fundamental source for the history of reading, the reception of McKenzie’s sociology of texts and motto “forms effect meaning”, and the appropriation of Petrucci’s association between morphological description and social history of the written objects.
EEBO and Us
Authors: Gavin (270–78) Michael
Published: August 2021

This essay responds to criticisms leveled against “How to Think About EEBO” (Gavin [2017] 2019). While my history of Early English Books Online was faulted for paying insufficient attention to the experiences of scholars using the collection, I argue that using digital tools for literary and bibliographical research can create a false sense of mastery that leaves scholars blind to the features of digital textuality that are most important historically and theoretically.
GODDU, Teresa A. 2020. Selling Antislavery: Abolition and Mass Media in Antebellum America.
Authors: Pinto (287–91) Samantha
Published: August 2021

Book Review
Notes on Contributors
Authors: Werner Marta
Published: August 2021

Notes on Contributors
Autopercepção dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre urgências e emergências médicas
Authors: Mendes Deyverton dos Santos , Roveta Renan Rangel , Oliveira Jenifer Malingre de , Araújo Stella Cristina Soares , Hilário Samara Reis , Cançado Renata Pittela
Published: August 2021

Introdução: As urgências e emergências médicas podem ocorrer antes, durante ou após procedimentos odontológicos, principalmente em pacientes com comprometimento sistêmico, sendo importante que o cirurgião-dentista tenha o conhecimento, medicamentos e equipamentos básicos para o pronto atendimento. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a autopercepção que cirurgiões-dentistas de Vitória/ES possuem mediante as situações de urgências e emergências médicas no consultório odontológico. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 81 profissionais, e os dados foram coletados mediante questionário autoaplicável. Resultados: A maioria dos profissionais era especialista (40,7%) e 50,6% dos indivíduos respondeu que cursou disciplina de emergências médicas durante a graduação. Em relação às situações de urgências e emergências, 69,1% dos respondentes julgaram-se capacitados para diagnosticá-las e 61,7% afirmaram sentirem-se aptos para intervir. Observou-se que 48,1% já vivenciaram tais situações no consultório odontológico; entre deles, 87,2% afirmaram sentir-se seguros para pôr em prática a conduta adotada. A maioria afirmou que não possui equipamentos e medicamentos no consultório (67,9%). Conclusões: Conclui-se que há necessidade de uma melhor formação dos cirurgiões-dentistas, tanto durante a graduação quanto nos cursos de pós-graduação, a fim de que haja maiores conhecimentos e segurança para uma correta intervenção em situações de urgências e emergências médicas.
Nova Odontologia
Authors: Hirata Ronaldo
Published: August 2021

“Ainda somos os mesmos e vivemos”, já dizia Belchior, na música “Como Nossos Pais”. Em pleno 2021, vivemos o novo, a revolução, o impacto da nova onda e das novas técnicas. E eu, como sou fascinado pelo novo, aceito e concordo.
Transposição bilateral entre canino e primeiro pré-molar: do planejamento à reanatomização
Authors: Bavaresco Camila Watanabe , Sakamoto-Junior Antonio
Published: August 2021

É cada vez mais comum pacientes procurarem procedimentos odontológicos por fatores estéticos, para melhorar sua condição social e autoestima. Entre as anomalias dentárias que podem prejudicar função e estética, tem-se a transposição dental. É uma alteração rara na erupção de dentes adjacentes que, quando ocorre, gera dúvidas para o cirurgião-dentista quanto às opções de tratamento. Entre as alternativas de tratamento para a transposição total, no presente caso clínico optou-se por manter a ordem trocada da transposição, corrigindo-a por meio da reanatomização com resina composta. Nos casos de transposição total, em que ambas as coroas e raízes dos dentes adjacentes estão em posições trocadas, uma alternativa eficiente e conservadora de tratamento é manter a ordem trocada e reanatomizar os dentes com materiais restauradores. A resina composta é uma excelente alternativa, por apresentar estética de qualidade e uma boa longevidade, além de ser material conservador, necessitando de mínimo, ou nenhum, preparo dental.
Como garantir a biossegurança na utilização dos equipamentos fotoativadores?
Authors: Shimokawa Carlos Alberto Kenji , Giannini Marcelo
Published: August 2021

Já sabemos que os equipamentos fotoativadores podem ser diferentes1 e que suas características, assim como a técnica do operador, podem influenciar na reação de polimerização dos materiais resinosos2. Outro assunto que precisa ser discutido é a biossegurança, pois o uso diário do equipamento em diferentes pacientes exige uma forma de proteção correta deles, para evitar a contaminação cruzada, especialmente considerando-se a condição atual de atendimento durante a pandemia do COVID-19.
Uma imagem pode VALER ou ENGANAR mais do que mil palavras
Authors: Masioli Marco
Published: August 2021

“Uma imagem vale mais que mil palavras”. Com essa frase, a professora Kátia H. C. Dias iniciou o prefácio de meu primeiro livro, “Fotografia Odontológica”, lançado em 2005, no XVI Encontro GBPD, ocorrido na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Essa frase, bem como todo o texto escrito por ela, estava fantástica e me emocionou. Infelizmente, a facilidade de captura, edição e manipulação de imagens com os smartphones faz com que uma enxurrada de imagens que não condizem com a realidade seja divulgada nas redes sociais.
Fly ash from Coal-Combustion Waste as an Additive for Quality Improvement and Compressive Strength of Cement
Authors: Wijaya Roni Adi , Astuti Yayuk , Wijayanti Septi
Published: August 2021

A series of tests were carried out to determine the effect of the addition of coal combustion fly ash as an additional mineral (additive) on improving the quality and compressive strength of cement according to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 15-2049-2004). Research methods include sample preparation, manufacture of cement with 0%, 5%, 8%, 12%, and 15% fly ash variations, chemical and physical properties of cement. The parameters measured were the level of chemical composition (%) using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) ARL 9800 OASIS, free lime content (%) by volumetry, insoluble residue level (%) by gravimetry, compressive strength (kg/cm2), and smoothness cement (cm2/g). The results showed that the addition of fly ash increased the SiO2 content of cement, thereby increasing C3S and C2S compounds which are compressive strength components of a cement. Besides, the addition of fly ash is directly proportional to IR levels, compressive strength, smoothness, and inversely proportional to free lime levels. So the addition of fly ash can improve the quality of cement by increasing chemical components, increasing compressive strength, and reducing cracking or expansion of cement.
Barriers to the Implementation of Sustainable Construction: Government Perspective
Authors: Willar Debby - , Trigunarsyah Bambang
Published: August 2021

Sustainable construction is a way for the construction industry to achieve sustainable development by considering social, economic, environmental, and cultural issues. Policies for implementing sustainable construction in infrastructure delivery are still not clearly understood, resulting in challenging implementation by planners and contractors. This research study identifies the barriers to implementing sustainable construction in developing infrastructure projects in Bina Marga, Cipta Karya, Sumber Daya Air, and Perumahan Permukiman sectors in North Sulawesi Province. Data collection using semi-structured interviews involved 23 informants from these four sectors. The results of the study found that the barriers evenly occur throughout the life cycle of an infrastructure project in four sectors, namely: (1) the programming phase related to strategic planning documents and identification of barriers, (2) the technical planning phase related to technical understanding and competence service providers, (3) construction implementation phase related to expert consultants, service provider competence, and green construction technology, (4) utilization phase related to socialization, promotion, and education, (5) demolition phase related to mechanisms and availability of resources. The study results provide academic-based information for the government to minimize barriers to implementing sustainable construction policies throughout Indonesia.
Wissenschaftliche Texte: universell oder kulturspezifisch?
Authors: Zhao Jin
Published: August 2021

Der Beitrag geht auf die Diskussion über die Universalität oder die Kulturgebundenheit von Fachtexten sowie die Relativitätshypothese über Fachtexte in der Fachsprachenforschung ein und vertritt die Ansicht, dass wissenschaftliche Texte durch die Kultur geprägt sind. Im Beitrag werden deutsche und chinesische linguistische Zeitschriftenartikel hinsichtlich der Makrostruktur kontrastiv analysiert, um zu zeigen, dass in derselben wissenschaftlichen Gemeinschaft wissenschaftliche Texte auch sprachkulturell bedingte Unterschiede aufweisen.
Computational analysis of heat and mass transfer in a micropolar fluid flow through a porous medium between permeable channel walls
Authors: Ahmad Sohail , Ashraf Muhammad , Ali Kashif , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy
Published: August 2021

The present work numerically investigates the mass and heat transport flow of micropolar fluid in a channel having permeable walls. The appropriate boundary layer approximations are used to convert the system of flow model equations in ODEs, which are then numerically treated with the quasi-linearization method along with finite difference discretization. This technique creates an efficient way to solve the complex dynamical system of equations. A numerical data comparison is presented which assures the accuracy of our code. The outcomes of various problem parameters are portrayed via the graphs and tables. The concentration and temperature accelerate with the impacts of the Peclet numbers for the diffusion of mass and heat, respectively. It is also found that the porosity of the medium has a substantial effect on the skin friction but low effect on the heat and mass transfer rates. Our results may be beneficial in lubrication, foams and aerogels, micro emulsions, micro machines, polymer blends, alloys, etc.