bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Methane Emission during Slurry Storage by the Addition of Effective Microorganisms and Excessive Carbon Source from Brewing Sugar
Authors: Bastami Mohd Saufi B. , Jones Davey L. , Chadwick David R.
Published: October 2016

Storing livestock manure is the primary stage of manure management where microbial processes and chemical reactions result in the release of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This study examined the reduction of CH4 emissions from slurry storage under two temperatures (cool [10°C] and warm [30°C]) when a glucose‐rich substrate (brewing sugar) and activated effective microorganisms were applied at 10% (w/w) and 5% (v/w), respectively. Brewing sugar addition influenced microbial anaerobic respiration, resulting in a reduction of slurry pH to <5.0, through “self‐acidification” caused by lactic acid production. Subsequently, CH4 emissions were significantly reduced by 87 and 99% in the cool and warm environments, respectively. The effective microorganism treatment did not change the chemical characteristics of the slurry but reduced CH4 emissions by 17 and 27% (P < 0.05) in the cool and warm environments, respectively. These results suggest that self‐acidification after addition of a carbon source may be a promising alternative to slurry acidification using concentrated acids.

Core Ideas

Glucose addition leads to slurry self‐acidification by lactic acid production.

Self‐acidification of slurry (pH <5.0) reduced CH4 emissions by >85%.

Bio‐augmentation with effective microorganisms reduced CH4 emissions by 17–27%.
Nutrient Cycling in Grassed Roadside Ditches and Lawns in a Suburban Watershed
Authors: McPhillips Lauren E. , Groffman Peter M. , Schneider Rebecca L. , Walter M. Todd
Published: October 2016

Roadside ditches are ubiquitous in developed landscapes. They are designed to route water from roads for safety, with little consideration of water quality or biogeochemical implications in ditch design and minimal data on environmental impacts. We hypothesize that periodic saturation and nutrient influxes may make roadside ditches hotspots for nitrogen (N) removal via denitrification as well as biological production of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2). Research sites included 12 grassed ditches and adjacent lawns with varying fertilization in a suburban watershed in central New York, where lawns represented a reference with similar soils as ditches but differing hydrology. We measured potential denitrification using the denitrification enzyme assay in fall 2014 and GHG fluxes using in situ static chambers between summer 2014 and 2015, including sample events after storms. Potential denitrification in ditches was significantly higher than in lawns, and rates were comparable to those in stream riparian areas, features traditionally viewed as denitrification hotspots. Ditches had higher rates of CH4emissions, particularly sites that were wettest. Lawns were hotspots for N2O and CO2respiratory emissions, which were driven by nutrient availability and fertilizer application. Extrapolating up to the watershed, ditches have the potential to remove substantial N loads via denitrification if managed optimally. Ditch GHG emissions extrapolated across the watershed were minimal given their much smaller area compared with lawns, which were the greater contributor of GHGs. These findings suggest that roadside ditches may offer new management opportunities for mitigating nonpoint source N pollution in residential watersheds.

Core Ideas

Greenhouse gases and denitrification were studied in grassed road ditches and lawns.

Nitrous oxide emissions were higher in lawns, particularly in fertilized lawns.

Ditches were hotspots for CH4emissions and potential denitrification.

Ditches could be better managed to promote beneficial N removal and minimize GHGs.
Soybean Area and Baseflow Driving Nitrate in Iowa's Raccoon River
Authors: Villarini Gabriele , Jones Christopher S. , Schilling Keith E.
Published: October 2016

Improved understanding of the drivers of stream nitrate is necessary to improve water quality. This is particularly true for Iowa, a large contributor to Mississippi River Basin nitrate loads. Here, we focus on the Raccoon River at Des Moines, Iowa, and develop statistical models to describe the monthly (from March to August) nitrate concentrations in terms of eight drivers representing monthly climate, monthly hydrology, and yearly cropping practices. We consider six two‐parameter distributions, linear and nonlinear dependencies between the predictors, and the distributions’ parameters. Model selection was performed by penalizing more complex models. Our results show that the Weibull and Gumbel distributions are the only two selected distributions. Baseflow and the previous year's soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] area were the two predictors most often identified as important. Our modeling results imply that increases in soybean area have led to increasing nitrate concentrations. Moreover, nitrate concentrations are related to baseflow in a nonlinear way, with effects strongest when baseflow is near or below the average condition. Additional relevant predictors were precipitation and, to a lesser extent, temperature. We conclude that best management practices and improved conservation targeting soybean in a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean rotation will improve water quality in this artificially drained system.

Core Ideas

We developed statistical models to understand drivers of stream nitrate.

Soybean cultivation and baseflow are strong drivers of stream nitrate.

More focus on soybean, rather than corn, may disproportionately improve water quality.
How High Plant Density of Maize Affects Basal Internode Development and Strength Formation
Authors: Xue Jun , Zhao Yingshan , Gou Ling , Shi Zhiguo , Yao Minna , Zhang Wangfeng
Published: October 2016

High plant density of maize (Zea mays L.) reduces the stalk quality of the basal internodes and increases stalk lodging. The objective of this experiment was to explore the mechanism by which plant density influences basal internodes. The morphological, mechanical, anatomical, and biochemical characteristics of the third basal internode were compared at three plant densities. High plant density increased internode length due to an increase in the rate of rapid elongation. High plant density decreased the duration of internode thickening and dry matter accumulation, causing the diameter and dry weight per unit length to decline. However, rind penetration strength (RPS) did not increase rapidly until after the termination of rapid morphological growth. The mid‐to‐late stage of dry matter accumulation was critical for RPS formation. The rapid increase in RPS was closely related to cellulose and lignin accumulation. High plant density reduced the rates of cellulose and lignin accumulation, which was adverse to the formation of cortex tissue and RPS. High plant density caused rapid elongation, thickening, and structural carbohydrate accumulation to begin and end earlier. These results indicate that measures should be implemented as early as possible in the growing season to increase lodging resistance at high plant density of maize. These measures need to reduce the rate of rapid internode elongation and increase the rate of rapid cellulose and lignin accumulation.
Moisture Stress Indicators in Giant Sequoia Groves in the Southern Sierra Nevada of California, USA
Authors: Ray Ram L.
Published: October 2016

Core Ideas

The vulnerability of giant sequoia groves to soil moisture stress was evaluated.

Giant sequoia groves with a vulnerability to soil moisture were identified.

A topographic wetness index (TWI) was used to study soil moisture stress of sequoia groves.

The relationship between TWIs and snow distribution pattern was studied.

Remotely sensed soil moisture, TWI, and snow cover persistence were compared.

Giant sequoia [Sequoiadendron giganteum (Lindl.) J. Buchholz] trees and their ecosystems are unique natural treasures in the Sierra Nevada, California, where most groves are federally managed for biodiversity, perpetuation of the species, and aesthetic, recreational, ecological, and scientific values. Increasing temperatures during the next several decades may create conditions unfavorable for these giant sequoias. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective management systems to preserve the health of these giant sequoia groves. This study used a topographic wetness index (TWI) as the indicator of soil moisture conditions to evaluate the vulnerability of giant sequoia groves to soil moisture stress and focused on evaluating TWI distributions among all 70 sequoia groves to assess their vulnerability to soil moisture stress. The TWI values were derived using a 10‐m digital elevation model and compared with soil, geology, slope, aspect, and elevation at the sequoia groves to understand the vulnerability of the groves to soil moisture stress. The TWI values were also compared with snow cover persistence derived from 12 yr of MODIS snow cover products. In addition, satellite soil moisture products were used to compare the dry and wet periods predicted by snow cover persistence. Results showed that the groves located at higher elevation are less vulnerable unless the TWI across the groves is low. For the large number of groves with elevations mainly in the 1800‐ to 2100‐m range, the TWI distributions can serve as a first‐order indicator of relative vulnerability. Further, this analysis showed that areas with milder slopes and more converging area (higher TWI), plus longer snow cover persistence, should be less susceptible to low summer soil moisture than areas having steeper slopes, more diverging topography (lower TWI), and earlier snowmelt. This analysis can be used to highlight groves that are potentially more vulnerable, particularly when considering TWI, snow cover persistence, and satellite soil moisture together.
Efecto de los parámetros operativos en la síntesis de nanopartículas magnéticas para aplicaciones biomédicas usando un diseño de experimentos 2k
Authors: Ibarra Sánchez José De Jesús , Preciado Rojas Yolanda
Published: October 2016

El efecto de la velocidad de agitación, temperatura, velocidad de alimentación de los reactivos, así como la solubilidad de los precursores en el tamaño de la síntesis de nanopartículas magnéticas (MNPs) obtenidas por coprecipitación fue investigado. El tamaño de las MNPs obtenidas fue de 7 a 15 nm. El tamaño y la morfología de las MNPs se caracterizaron mediante microscopia electrónica de transmisión (TEM). La difracción de rayos X (XRD) permitió determinar las fases de óxido presentes, así como la cristalinidad de la muestra obtenida. La técnica de espectroscopia de IR ayudó a identificar el enlace Fe–O así como las impurezas presentes en la muestra. Para determinar sus propiedades magnéticas se obtuvieron los ciclos de histéresis, los cuales se midieron a temperatura ambiente empleando un magnetómetro de muestra vibrante (VSM). Finalmente, para determinar el efecto de esta variación de parámetros operativos claves durante la síntesis, fue a través de un diseño de experimentos 2k, tomando como variable de respuesta el tamaño de partícula. Los resultados mostraron que la combinación de reactivos que proporciona el tamaño máximo de partícula es cuando se presenta una alta solubilidad de los precursores. Además se observó que existe una relación directa entre la disminución de la polidispersidad de las partículas y la disminución de la temperatura de reacción. Finalmente estas MNPs son candidatas para ser empleadas en aplicaciones biomédicas, debido al tamaño, la polidispersidad estrecha, alta cristalinidad y una alta magnetización de saturación.
PENGELOLAAN DANA BOS PADA SD NEGERI DI UPT PELAYANAN PENDIDIKAN KECAMATAN MOYUDAN KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Muryati Irene
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perencanaan, (2) pelaksanaan, (3) pengawasan dan evaluasi pengelolaan, serta (4) pelaporan dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (BOS) pada Sekolah Dasar Negeri dengan jumlah siswa sedikit dan jumlah siswa banyak di wilayah UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan Kecamatan Moyudan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Responden penelitian ini yaitu kepala sekolah, bendahara, guru, komite sekolah, dan orang tua siswa. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) perencanaan pengelolaan dana BOS diprioritaskan untuk peningkatan mutu, namun partisipasi warga sekolah kurang optimal. (2) Pada pelaksanaan: (a) penyaluran dana dilaksanakan di awal triwulan, (b) proses pembukuan dilaksanakan secara rutin, dan (c) prinsip akuntabilitas dan keterbukaan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik. (3) pengawasan dilakukankan oleh kepala sekolah dan pengawas sekolah dengan memeriksa SPJ BOS; evaluasi dilakukan dengan mengisi angket pelaksanaan sekali dalam setahun oleh TIM Manajemen BOS Kabupaten. (4) Pelaporan penggunaan dana BOS dalam bentuk SPJ dilaksanakan setiap triwulan kepada Tim Manajemen BOS Kabupaten melalui UPT Pelayanan Pendidikan. Kata kunci: Pengelolaan, Dana Bantuan Operasional Sekolah. BOS FUNDS MANAGEMENT ON STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS IN THE DISTRICT MOYUDAN EDUCATION SERVICES UNIT SLEMAN REGENCY Abstract This study aims to reveal: (1) the planning, (2) implementation, (3) monitoring and evaluation, and (4) reporting of the management of School Operational Fund (BOS) on public elementary schools whcihhas small and a big number of students in the District Moyudan Education. Respondents were the principals, treasurers, teachers, school committees, and parents of students. Data collection techniques were interviews, observation and document study The results of this study indicate that: (1) the fund was prioritized for student activities to improve the quality of education but community participation were limited. (2) The implementation which includes: (a) the distribution of funds is done in the beginning of the quarter, (b) accounting process is carried out on a regular basis, and (c) the principles of accountability and transparency has been implemented properly. (3) monitoring is conducted by the principal and school superintendent; evaluation of the implementation is done by filling the questionnaire once a year by the District Management BOS Team. (4) reporting is done every three months to the BOS Management Team. Keywords: Management, School Operational Fund
Developing a Data Vault
Authors: Lewis Stuart , Beard Lorraine , McDerby Mary , Taylor Robin , Higgins Thomas , Knowles Claire
Published: October 2016

Research data is being generated at an ever-increasing rate. This brings challenges in how to store, analyse, and care for the data. A component of this problem is the stewardship of data and associated files that need a safe and secure home for the medium to long-term. As part of typical suites of Research Data Management services, researchers are provided with large allocations of â€˜active data storageâ€™. This is often stored on expensive and fast disks to enable efficient transfer and working with large amounts of data. However, over time this active data store fills up, and researchers need a facility to move older but still valuable data to cheaper storage for long-term care. In addition, research funders are increasingly requiring data to be stored in forms that allow it to be described and retrieved in the future. For data that canâ€™t be shared publicly in an open repository, a closed solution is required that can make use of offline or near-line storage for cost efficiency. This paper describes a solution to these requirements, called the Data Vault.Â
Dash: Data Sharing Made Easy at the University of California
Authors: Abrams Stephen , Kratz John , Simms Stephanie , Strong Marisa , Willett Perry
Published: October 2016

Scholars at the ten campuses of the University of California system, like their academic peers elsewhere, increasingly are being asked to ensure that data resulting from their research and teaching activities are subject to effective long-term management, public discovery, and retrieval. The new academic imperative for research data management (RDM) stems from mandates from public and private funding agencies, pre-publication requirements, institutional policies, and evolving norms of scholarly discourse. In order to meet these new obligations, scholars need access to appropriate disciplinary and institutional tools, services, and guidance. When providing help in these areas, it is important that service providers recognize the disparity in scholarly familiarity with data curation concepts and practices. While the UC Curation Center (UC3) at the California Digital Library supports a growing roster of innovative curation services for University use, most were intended originally to meet the needs of institutional information professionals, such as librarians, archivists, and curators. In order to address the new curation concerns of individual scholars, UC3 realized that it needed to deploy new systems and services optimized for stakeholders with widely divergent experiences, expertise, and expectations. This led to the development of Dash, an online data publication service making campus data sharing easy. While Dash gives the appearance of being a full-fledged repository, in actuality it is only a lightweight overlay layer that sits on top of standards-compliant repositories, such as UC3â€™s existing Merritt curation repository. The Dash service offers intuitive, easy-to-use interfaces for dataset submission, description, publication, and discovery. By imposing minimal prescriptive eligibility and submission requirements; automating and hiding the mechanical details of DOI assignment, data packaging, and repository deposit; and featuring a streamlined, self-service user experience that can be integrated easily into scholarly workflows, Dash is an important new service offering with which UC scholars can meet their RDM obligations.Â
Data trajectories: tracking reuse of published data for transitive credit attribution
Authors: Missier Paolo
Published: October 2016

The ability to measure the use and impact of published data sets is key to the success of the open data/open science paradigm. A direct measure of impact would require tracking data (re)use in the wild, which is difficult to achieve. This is therefore commonly replaced by simpler metrics based on data download and citation counts. In this paper we describe a scenario where it is possible to track the trajectory of a dataset after its publication, and show how this enables the design of accurate models for ascribing credit to data originators. A Data Trajectory (DT) is a graph that encodes knowledge of how, by whom, and in which context data has been re-used, possibly after several generations. We provide a theoretical model of DTs that is grounded in the W3C PROV data model for provenance, and we show how DTs can be used to automatically propagate a fraction of the credit associated with transitively derived datasets, back to original data contributors. We also show this model of transitive credit in action by means of a Data Reuse Simulator. In the longer term, our ultimate hope is that credit models based on direct measures of data reuse will provide further incentives to data publication. We conclude by outlining a research agenda to address the hard questions of creating, collecting, and using DTs systematically across a large number of data reuse instances in the wild.
Book review: Fractures in Knapping
Authors: Preston Paul Richard
Published: October 2016

The book 'Fractures in Knapping' by Are Tsirk (2014) is apropos at a time when ‘shape matching’ to typological holotypes is de rigueur. Thus, a book that outlines the fractographic and fracture mechanic principles behind chaîne opératoire and technological analysis is important because understanding fractures is essential to interpreting knapping (Tsirk, 2014: ix).  The book’s relevance is evident in the content of its three parts.  Part one briefly considers the tools and techniques of knapping (chapters 1 and 2) and raw material types (chapter 3).  Part two introduces the formation and meaning of fracture attributes (chapters 8 to 9). Part three (chapters 10 to 13) describes how fractography relates to knapping.  It concludes with a few brief remarks (chapter 14), a glossary, references and index. For more about the author of 'Fractures in Knapping', see Are Tsirk's biography in the Journal of Lithic Studies, Vol. 2, Nr. 1.
La educabilidad: dinámica de sus imaginarios desde las coordenadas sociales en la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad de Caldas
Authors: Murcia Peña Napoleón , Jaramillo Ocampo Diego Armando
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: mostrar la dinámica de los imaginarios sociales que los estudiantes de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad de Caldas configuran durante su proceso de formación y en el campo de su práctica pedagógica, como resultado de un estudio mayor que buscó los imaginarios sociales de los maestros en formación de Manizales. Metodología: el estudio siguió un diseño desde la complementariedad apoyado en el método de coordenadas sociales para su interpretación. Hallazgos: se muestra entre sus principales emergencias que los imaginarios sociales en los estudiantes de programas de maestría se configuran ampliamente desde lo instituido como normal, aunque se esbozan procesos de reflexión sobre las prácticas que empujan algunas coordenadas sociales a la transformación. Conclusiones: se hace necesario que las maestrías trabajen con gran potencia la construcción crítico/reflexiva en sus procesos, para hacer posible trasformaciones importantes en los imaginarios sociales de los maestros en formación.
Tiempo - espacio en el aula mente social
Authors: González Velasco Juan Miguel
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión considera que la Educación dentro de la era de la conciencia, plantea diferentes formas de reflexión y aplicación, tomando en consideración el pensamiento complejo como elemento emergente de nuevas miradas de los actores educativos. De esta forma, el aula mente social como constructo emergente educativo trabajado en varios escenarios por el autor, muestra la manera en que el planteamiento creativo diferencia la aplicación del tiempo-espacio educativo. En la reflexión se incorpora el religaje como emergente creativo del quehacer educativo en cualquier contexto. El aula ya no solo es un lugar físico donde se aprende de manera tradicional, es una realidad educativa inmersa en deconstrucciones de aula mente social.
Vivencia relacional y reparación psicológica de los niños institucionalizados
Authors: Vanegas Osorio Jorge Humberto , Castrillón Osorio Leidy Carolina
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: este artículo presenta los resultados de la investigación Establecimiento del vínculo reparador entre los niños deprivados y las instituciones de protección social, que hace énfasis en dos dimensiones, un primer foco de análisis referido a la dinámica relacional de los niños y, un segundo que analiza la reparación psicológica en el contexto de la institucionalización. Metodología: la investigación se orientó desde un enfoque metodológico cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y la aplicación de test proyectivos. Los participantes fueron 20 niños y adolescentes que vivieron una situación de pérdida en la primera infancia y el equipo de cuidadores de dos instituciones de protección. Conclusiones: se encontró que, si bien los cuidadores de los niños en las instituciones funcionan como contenedores emocionales, la reparación del sistema relacional requiere de una figura específica con quien el niño pueda reactivar los aspectos buenos del objeto interno.
Participación ciudadana de jóvenes en contextos de inclusión y exclusión: reflexiones desde los aportes del pensamiento de Alberto Melucci
Authors: Echeverry Restrepo Liliana
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión crítica aborda la participación ciudadana juvenil en unas sociedades globales, tecnificadas e interconectadas virtualmente. La discusión estará orientada por el pensamiento del teórico social Alberto Melucci, quien desde una perspectiva crítica, discute sobre las nuevas fronteras para reflexionar la ciudadanía, integradas por la diferencia y la solidaridad; la inclusión y la exclusión; y los espacios reales para vivir la democracia; todas ellas distribuidas de manera desigual. Estas ideas hacen parte constitutiva de las interconexiones que guardan con las experiencias educativas de los jóvenes y con las formas como ellas y ellos están viviendo la ciudadanía en un mundo complejo y diferenciado, poniendo en evidencia las posibilidades reales de la participación ciudadana juvenil en Colombia.
La cuestión de las diferencias en educación: tensiones entre inclusión y alteridad
Authors: Skliar Carlos
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo de revisión de tema se ocupa de reflexionar respecto a la indecisión o confusión que actualmente se presenta en los escenarios educativos y que se origina en el instante en que las diferencias se hacen presentes y son nombradas. Ocurre que en el acto mismo de enunciar la diferencia sobreviene una derivación hacia otra pronunciación totalmente diferente: los ´diferentes’, haciendo alusión a todos aquellos que no pueden ser vistos, ni pensados, ni sentidos, ni al fin educados, en virtud de esa curiosa y repetida percepción de lo homogéneo -homogeneidad de lenguas, aprendizajes, cuerpos, comportamientos y, así, hasta el infinito.
Dibujando geografías: hacia los territorios pedagógicos que posibilitan las habilidades investigativas
Authors: Orozco Gómez William
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: realizar una lectura de las realidades educativas colombianas y chilenas, a partir de la cooperación de la Universidad de la Serena; a la vez que se reconfigura la experiencia pedagógica alrededor de la estimulación de habilidades investigativas desde la escuela, reconociendo al maestro como investigador. Metodología: racionalidad compleja que se basa en los principios de recursividad, dialogicidad, complejidad, relación, emergencia, auto-eco-organización, hologramático y de retroacción. Hallazgos: mínimo uso e indagación de los saberes previos; poca intervención frente a los planteamientos científicos; deficiencia en la capacidad para la generación de praxis; poca fantasía, imaginación y creatividad; apatía para la pregunta como oportunidad dialéctica. Conclusión: las habilidades para investigar como desarrollo humano solo pueden tener lugar a partir de nichos pedagógicos, donde la mediación del maestro esté demarcada por la pregunta como vínculo vital con el mundo.
Tecnología y medios de comunicación como alternativas para la construcción del sujeto político. Favoreciendo la necesidad emergente de una emancipación juvenil
Authors: Fernández Cruz Luis Carlos
Published: October 2016

En plena sociedad de la información, el estudiante de la institución educativa pública tiene nuevas alternativas para asumir su rol de sujeto forjador de transformación social; sus potenciales acciones tienen gran oportunidad en la actualidad tecnológica y en el uso apropiado de las TIC. Ellas se perfilan como un territorio de oportunidad para el estudiante revestido con la figura del sujeto político. Sin embargo, existe en la institución educativa pública una necesidad histórica de emancipación que toma sentido justamente con la formación y desarrollo del sujeto político, aun en medio de su contexto y todas sus implicaciones. Tal necesidad se ve atendida en lo que se ha llamado el sistema-escuela, un modelo construido con métodos y estrategias que permiten soluciones sistémicas y organizacionales de trascendencia social que se perfila como contexto tecnológico e interdisciplinar de participación y desarrollo de identidad.
Memorias, historias y guerra en Colombia. Opciones de coloniales para la construcción de “otros” relatos del conflicto armado
Authors: Pineda Cadavid Luisa Fernanda
Published: October 2016

El artículo aborda algunos de los debates teóricos desde los que se ha venido configurando una suerte de saber decolonial, en tanto opción “otra” a la hora de relatar el pasado del conflicto armado en Colombia. Asimismo, propone una comprensión de la memoria y la historia desde el conocimiento situado de aquellas voces “otras”, subalternas o marginales al poder hegemónico en la sociedad, haciendo un llamado –uno más- por la decolonización de los relatos de la guerra. El texto ofrece una mirada crítica al tema de la reconstrucción de “otras” memorias, o memorias no oficiales, que hicieron parte del conflicto armado interno y que debido a la condición de los sujetos que las poseen, han sido invisibilizadas por quienes pretenden reclamarse como intérpretes o voceros exclusivos de nuestro pasado violento.
Socialización mediática infantil, materialidad y praxis: el papel de las TIC en los procesos de socialización de un grupo de niños de 5 a 6 años
Authors: Carrillo David Sara Carolina , Runge Peña Andrés Klaus
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: analizar el papel de la materialidad en la estructuración de las prácticas de enseñanza de una Institución Educativa y en el proceso de socialización de los niños y niñas. Metodología: investigación de tipo cualitativo basada en un estudio de caso. Para la recolección de información se utilizaron una propuesta de intervención y una matriz de observación. Hallazgos: los infantes se socializan no solo entre seres humanos, sino entre no humanos, lo que incluye aspectos materiales. Conclusiones: hay una reconfiguración de la enseñanza frontal ligada a aspectos relacionados con la reconfiguración del espacio (visual, acústico y corporal). Sobre los procesos de socialización mediática infantil en el contexto de las prácticas de enseñanza en el salón de clase, se obtienen tres consideraciones: la necesidad de indagar en las experiencias de los niños con la tecnología; la importancia de la materialidad en la educación; y, la materialidad de las tecnologías cumple un papel determinante en el saber práctico de diferentes grupos sociales.
Identificación de competencias comunicativas en los procesos de educación superior
Authors: Caro Gómez Claudia Lucía , Gil Ángel Gustavo Adolfo , Beltrán Alvarado Diego , Monroy Ballesteros Ángelo
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: identificar el nivel de competencias comunicativas de los estudiantes del nivel técnico de educación superior. Metodología: corresponde al método cualitativo de orden evaluativo y caracteriza los niveles de competencia de estudiantes de primer semestre del ciclo técnico mediante verificaciones de datos y valoraciones sobre el tema investigado. La selección de la población fue intencionada y el proceso se desarrolló con distintos grupos control. Hallazgos: se evidencia la necesidad de trabajar sobre este tema en el primer semestre de formación superior para generar estrategias que fortalezcan las habilidades comunicativas. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de competencias comunicativas es un componente fundamental dentro de los procesos de educación superior que debe ser abordado mediante distintas estrategias que permitan practicar estas habilidades en los múltiples escenarios de formación.
Ecología y paz: tendencias investigativas
Authors: Murcia Murcia Nataly Vanessa , Murcia Peña Napoleón
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: presentar el estado de la investigación en el campo ecológico como resultado parcial de un estudio sobre prácticas sociales en ecología y paz. Metodología: para configurar el estado del arte, se sigue las lógicas de los estudios documentales, con apoyo de la matriz doxográfica propuesta por Ospina y Murcia (2012). En esta matriz se busca información referida a títulos y temáticas, objetivos o propósitos de las investigaciones, métodos de investigación utilizados y teorías de apoyo. La masa documental se constituyó por 50 documentos resultado de investigaciones, buscados en bases de datos científicas como Scopus, Redalyc, Proquest y Scielo. Hallazgos: la mayoría de las investigaciones rastreadas se inclinan por los objetivos diagnósticos, tomando la “ciudadanía” como temática de mayor relevancia, apoyados fundamentalmente en estudios de corte empírico analítico y bajo influencias teóricas que se apoyan en perspectivas sociológicas y de la educación. Conclusión: las temáticas referidas a la ecología y paz tienen una mediana visibilidad en los estudios tomados como referencia.
Las antropotécnicas desde Peter Sloterdijk: la ingeniería genética y la información como técnicas para la mejora del hombre contemporáneo
Authors: Paredes Oviedo Diana Melisa
Published: October 2016

¿Cómo se forma la subjetividad en tanto interiorización y transformación cultural, a través de la nueva tecnicidad? Una tecnicidad digitalizada que, a su vez, se convierte en soporte para el despliegue de la subjetividad y nuevo dispositivo de poder contemporáneo. Para su abordaje se sigue la propuesta de Peter Sloterdijk, quien plantea la emergencia de un sujeto operable que encuentra en la ingeniería genética un campo para la mejora y el logro del equilibrio homeostático que hace posible la vida en comunidad. Se trata pues de una reflexión antropológico-filosófica, en la que se supera la crítica superficial que denuncia el supuesto antagonismo entre técnica, humanidad y cultura.
Novelty and coherence in group creative processes
Authors: Ristic Irena , Skorc Bojana , Mandic Tijana
Published: October 2016

A research of triadic creative processes was conducted based on the
assumption that novelty and coherence are basic dimensions of group
creativity, variations of which can explain differences in creative
achievement. In a workshop, 153 students were divided in triads and created
51 chain-stories. Following the standards of Consensual Assessment Technique
(CAT), eight independent judges assessed creativity, novelty and coherence in
the integral stories. The most representative stories for low, middle and
high creativity, were selected and subjected to further analysis. The results
show that development of group creativity is conditioned by high level of
novelty, and by balanced ratio of novelty and coherence that enable
integration of unique ideas in group processes. Symmetrical contribution of
members was not confirmed as one of the conditions, suggesting that group
creativity is an emerging phenomenon, relying on relations rather than
individual contributions of participants.
COMMENTARY––A Public Interest View of Auditor Independence: Moving Toward Auditor Reliability When Considering and Promoting Audit Quality
Authors: DeZoort F. Todd , Taylor Mark H.
Published: October 2016

A longstanding view inside and outside the auditing profession is that the public accounting profession rests on the foundation of independence (Previts and Merino 1998), with regulatory bodies requiring auditors to be independent both in appearance and in fact. For many decades, regulators and stakeholders alike have held the view that auditor independence is the auditor's endgame. We review recent research on the Reliability Framework, which recasts auditor independence with other professional constructs, including integrity, competence, and objectivity, as co-antecedents of auditor reliability and audit quality. On that basis, this commentary advocates that a public interest view of auditor independence must account for the auditor's real reason for existence based on what stakeholders want and need: reliable audit services that facilitate financial reporting quality and protect the public interest. Recent initiatives by the Center for Audit Quality and its member firms, as well as the profession's regulators, reveal movement consistent with this holistic view. These developments indicate that the public interest view of auditor reliability is shifting toward a revised view of independence, along with other professional constructs that co-create audit quality and reliable financial reporting.
Extracurricular Activity Participation in High School
Authors: Morris David S.
Published: October 2016

Extracurricular activity participation (EAP) has been positively linked with increased academic achievement and college attendance. However, the mechanisms linking EAP to educational outcomes are poorly understood. Using the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS), this study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between EAP and educational success by (1) examining the ability of nine educational, social, and developmental mechanisms to explain the link between EAP and high school math achievement gains and the chances of 4-year college attendance and (2) examining the ability of family income to moderate the influence of these mechanisms. Results suggest that educational expectations, noncognitive skills, and social capital in the form of communication among parental groups are meaningful mediators, regardless of family income. These findings extend the literature concerned with understanding how EAP is related to academic outcomes, a connection that is not necessarily intuitive.
The Alternative Liste Westberlin and the Evolution of the West German Left
Authors: Alexander Keith
Published: October 2016

In October 1978, diverse members of the West Berlin Left founded the Alternative Liste für Demokratie und Umweltschutz (Alternative Ballot for Democracy and Environmental Protection, AL). This article examines the origins and evolution of the AL. Initially, the new political organization fundamentally opposed the parliamentary system. Within three years, however, the AL won a significant presence in the West Berlin Parliament, and in 1989, the party joined the Social Democrats in governing West Berlin. The AL’s parliamentary participation had a moderating, integrative effect on the party and its members. From the late 1970s through the end of the 1980s, a significant segment of the radical West German Left grew to accept parliamentary democracy, demonstrating the strength of the Federal Republic.
A Review of PMMA Bone Cement and Intra‐Cardiac Embolism
Authors: Shridhar Puneeth , Chen Yanfei , Khalil Ramzi , Plakseychuk Anton , Cho Sung , Tillman Bryan , Kumta Prashant , Chun YoungJae
Published: October 2016

Percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure is of major importance, given the significantly increasing aging population and the higher number of orthopedic procedures related to vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is a complex technique involving the injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the compressed vertebral body for mechanical stabilization of the fracture. Our understanding and ability to modify these mechanisms through alterations in cement material is rapidly evolving. However, the rate of cardiac complications secondary to PMMA injection and subsequent cement leakage has increased with time. The following review considers the main effects of PMMA bone cement on the heart, and the extent of influence of the materials on cardiac embolism. Clinically, cement leakage results in life‐threatening cardiac injury. The convolution of this outcome through an appropriate balance of complex material properties is highlighted via clinical case reports.
A Comparison between Active and Passive Vibration Control of Non-Linear Simple Pendulum. Part II: Longitudinal Tuned Absorber and Negative Gφ and Gφn Feedback
Authors: Eissa M. , Sayed M.
Published: October 2016

In part I [1] we dealt with a tuned absorber, which can move in the transversally direction, where it is added to an externally excited pendulum. Active control is applied to the system via negative velocity feedback or its square or cubic value. The multiple time scale perturbation technique is applied throughout. An approximate solution is derived up to second order approximation. The stability of the system is investigated applying both frequency response equations and phase plane methods. The effects of the absorber on system behavior are studied numerically. Optimum working conditions of the system are obtained applying passive and active control methods. Both control methods are demonstrated numerically. In this paper, a tuned absorber, in the longitudinal direction, is added to an externally excited pendulum. Active control is applied to the system via negative acceleration feedback or via negative angular displacement or its square or cubic value. An approximate solution is derived up to the second order approximation for the system with absorber. The stability of the system is investigated applying both frequency response equations and phase plane methods. The effects of the absorber on system behavior are studied numerically. Optimum working conditions of the system are extracted when applying both passive and active control methods.
Automatic Extraction of Tunnel Lining Cross-Sections from Terrestrial Laser Scanning Point Clouds
Authors: Cheng Yun-Jian , Qiu Wenge , Lei Jin
Published: October 2016

Tunnel lining (bare-lining) cross-sections play an important role in analyzing deformations of tunnel linings. The goal of this paper is to develop an automatic method for extracting bare-lining cross-sections from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds. First, the combination of a 2D projection strategy and angle criterion is used for tunnel boundary point detection, from which we estimate the two boundary lines in the X-Y plane. The initial direction of the cross-sectional plane is defined to be orthogonal to one of the two boundary lines. In order to compute the final cross-sectional plane, the direction is adjusted twice with the total least squares method and Rodrigues' rotation formula, respectively. The projection of nearby points is made onto the adjusted plane to generate tunnel cross-sections. Finally, we present a filtering algorithm (similar to the idea of the morphological erosion) to remove the non-lining points in the cross-section. The proposed method was implemented on railway tunnel data collected in Sichuan, China. Compared with an existing method of cross-sectional extraction, the proposed method can offer high accuracy and more reliable cross-sectional modeling. We also evaluated Type I and Type II errors of the proposed filter, at the same time, which gave suggestions on the parameter selection of the filter.
A Steel Wire Stress Measuring Sensor Based on the Static Magnetization by Permanent Magnets
Authors: Deng Dongge , Wu Xinjun , Zuo Su
Published: October 2016

A new stress measuring sensor is proposed to evaluate the axial stress in steel wires. Without using excitation and induction coils, the sensor mainly consists of a static magnetization unit made of permanent magnets and a magnetic field measurement unit containing Hall element arrays. Firstly, the principle is illustrated in detail. Under the excitation of the magnetization unit, a spatially varying magnetized region in the steel wire is utilized as the measurement region. Radial and axial magnetic flux densities at different lift-offs in this region are measured by the measurement unit to calculate the differential permeability curve and magnetization curve. Feature parameters extracted from the curves are used to evaluate the axial stress. Secondly, the special stress sensor for Φ5 and Φ7 steel wires is developed accordingly. At last, the performance of the sensor is tested experimentally. Experimental results show that the sensor can measure the magnetization curve accurately with the error in the range of ±6%. Furthermore, the obtained differential permeability at working points 1200 A/m and 10000 A/m change almost linearly with the stress in steel wires, the goodness of linear fits are all higher than 0.987. Thus, the proposed steel wire stress measuring sensor is feasible.
Highly Selective and Ultrasensitive Turn-on Luminescence Chemosensor for Mercury (II) Determination Based on the Rhodamine 6G Derivative FC1 and Au Nanoparticles
Authors: Brasca Romina , Onaindia María , Goicoechea Héctor , Peña Arsenio , Culzoni María
Published: October 2016

A method for the detection and quantitation of Hg2+ in aqueous samples by fluorescence spectroscopy is presented. It consists of a turn-on sensor developed by coupling Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with the rhodamine 6G derivative FC1, in which the response is generated by a mercury-induced ring-opening reaction. The AuNPs were included in order to improve the sensitivity of the method towards the analyte, maintaining its high selectivity. The method was validated in terms of linearity, precision and accuracy, and applied to the quantitation of Hg2+ in Milli-Q and tap water with and without spiked analyte. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.15 μg·L−1 and 0.43 μg·L−1, respectively, constituting a substantial improvement of sensitivity in comparison with the previously reported detection of Hg2+ with free FC1.
DNA functionalization by dynamic chemistry
Authors: Kanlidere Zeynep , Jochim Oleg , Cal Marta , Diederichsen Ulf
Published: October 2016

Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is an attractive method to efficiently generate libraries of molecules from simpler building blocks by reversible reactions under thermodynamic control. Here we focus on the chemical modification of DNA oligonucleotides with acyclic diol linkers and demonstrate their potential for the deoxyribonucleic acid functionalization and generation of libraries of reversibly interconverting building blocks. The syntheses of phosphoramidite building blocks derived from D-threoninol are presented in two variants with protected amino or thiol groups. The threoninol building blocks were successfully incorporated via automated solid-phase synthesis into 13mer oligonucleotides. The amino group containing phosphoramidite was used together with complementary single-strand DNA templates that influenced the Watson–Crick base-pairing equilibrium in the mixture with a set of aldehyde modified nucleobases. A significant fraction of all possible base-pair mismatches was obtained, whereas, the highest selectivity (over 80%) was found for the guanine aldehyde templated by the complementary cytosine containing DNA. The elevated occurrence of mismatches can be explained by increased backbone plasticity derived from the linear threoninol building block as a cyclic deoxyribose analogue.
A methodology of triage for bridges in depopulating society: modeling based on population and network connectivity
Authors: Kawanaka Takaaki , Matsumaru Masanobu , Rokugawa Shuichi , Suzuki Hirohito
Published: October 2016

Developed countries like Germany and Japan, and many of their municipalities currently have large debts that will likely increase over time. These debts may never be repaid because debt repayment per capita will increase as a result of decreasing populations. It has become difficult for them to maintain many of their existing bridges because of large debts. Given the challenges faced with maintaining these bridges, it is necessary to formulate plans that may include discontinuing the maintenance on certain bridges. Therefore, this study proposes the use of a triage methodology for managing bridges (e.g., highway bridges) much like the triage methodology used by medical institutions to handle large numbers of patients after a severe disaster. More specifically, the proposed methodology makes decisions based on whether or not to build a new bridge after an existing bridge has reached the end of its lifespan and is decommissioned by evaluating factors such as cost and convenience. This is done by establishing a virtual network comprising of links made up of bridges that span across towns. This study proposes models and simulates this social problem by virtual networks and virtual bridge data, which can then be used to derive an optimal solution.