bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation of Annual Ring Eccentricity in Coarse Roots within the Root Cage of Pinus ponderosa Growing on Slopes
Authors: Montagnoli Antonio , Lasserre Bruno , Sferra Gabriella , Chiatante Donato , Scippa Gabriella Stefania , Terzaghi Mattia , Dumroese R. Kasten
Published: February 2020

The coarse roots of Pinus ponderosa included in the cage are the ones most involved in tree stability. This study explored the variations in traits, such as volume, cross-sectional area, and radius length of cage roots, and used those data to develop a mathematical model to better understand the type of forces occurring for each shallow lateral root segment belonging to different quadrants of the three-dimensional (3D) root system architecture. The pattern and intensity of these forces were modelled along the root segment from the branching point to the cage edge. Data of root cage volume in the upper 30 cm of soil showed a higher value in the downslope and windward quadrant while, at a deeper soil depth (>30 cm), we found higher values in both upslope and leeward quadrants. The analysis of radius length and the cross-sectional area of the shallow lateral roots revealed the presence of a considerable degree of eccentricity of the annual rings at the branching point and at the cage edge. This eccentricity is due to the formation of compression wood, and the eccentricity changes from the top portion at the branching point to the bottom portion at the cage edge, which we hypothesize may be a response to the variation in mechanical forces occurring in the various zones of the cage. This hypothesis is supported by a mathematical model that shows how the pattern and intensity of different types of mechanical forces are present within the various quadrants of the same root system from the taproot to the cage edge.
Synthesis of Modified Starch/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite for Treating Textile Wastewater
Authors: Xia Kai , Liu Xin , Wang Weiwei , Yang Xizi , Zhang Xiaodong
Published: February 2020

In this work, we demonstrated a strategy to design a modified starch/polyvinyl alcohol composite (CCSP), which was employed as a highly efficient and economical fixed-bed adsorbent for treating textile wastewater. Characterization revealed that most of the CCSP was shaped with the morphology of sphericity, and had some water swelling properties. The crystallinity of the CCSP was lower than that of native starch and polyvinyl alcohol, and its average particle size gradually increased with the dosage increase of cationic starch in the preparation. Adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacities of CCSP were more than 605 and 539 mg/g for Reactive Black 5 and Reactive Orange 131, respectively, which were over 10 times larger than that of commercial activated carbon (AC). The mixture adsorbent composed of CCSP and AC could remove starch, polyvinyl alcohol, and dyes from textile wastewater completely and simultaneously combined with the fixed-bed technique, and its adsorption capacity was conducted as a function of the bed height and flow rate. Most importantly, the disabled mixture adsorbent could be converted into regenerated AC through a chemical activation process, thereby avoiding the production of solid waste. This study will provide a new efficient green sustainable method for treating textile wastewater.
Efficient Chain Formation of Magnetic Particles in Elastomers with Limited Space
Authors: Akama Shota , Kobayashi Yusuke , Kawai Mika , Mitsumata Tetsu
Published: February 2020

The magnetic response of the storage modulus for bimodal magnetic elastomers containing magnetic particles with a diameter of 7.0 μm and plastic beads with a diameter of 200 μm were investigated by varying the volume fraction of plastic beads up to 0.60 while keeping the volume fraction of the magnetic particles at 0.10. The storage modulus at 0 mT for monomodal magnetic elastomers was 1.4 × 104 Pa, and it slightly increased with the volume fraction of plastic beads up to 0.6. The storage modulus at 500 mT for bimodal magnetic elastomers at volume fractions below 0.25 was constant, which was equal to that for the monomodal one (=7.9 × 104 Pa). At volume fractions of 0.25–0.40, the storage modulus significantly increased with the volume fraction, showing a percolation behavior. At volume fractions of 0.40-0.60, the storage modulus was constant at 2.0 × 105 Pa, independently of the volume fraction. These results indicate that the enhanced increase in the storage modulus was caused by the chain formation of the magnetic particles in vacancies made of plastic beads.
Angelica Essential Oil Loaded Electrospun Gelatin Nanofibers for Active Food Packaging Application
Authors: Zhou Ying , Miao Xiaomin , Lan Xingzi , Luo Junren , Luo Tingting , Zhong Zhixin , Gao Xifeng , Mafang Zihui , Ji Junjie , Wang Han , Tang Yadong
Published: February 2020

The development of food packaging possessing bioactivities which could extend the shelf life of food has gained increased interest in recent years. In this study, gelatin nanofibers with encapsulated angelica essential oil (AEO) were fabricated via electrospinning. The morphology of gelatin/AEO nanofibers was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the addition of AEO resulted in the increase of fiber diameter. The proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were measured to confirm the presence of AEO in nanofibers. The hydrophobic property of gelatin nanofibers was also found to be improved with the addition of AEO. The nanofibers incorporated with AEO showed significant antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated that the developed gelatin/AEO nanofibers revealed no cytotoxicity effect. Thus, gelatin nanofibers incorporated with AEO can be used as potential food packaging.
Iceland, an Open-Air Museum for Geoheritage and Earth Science Communication Purposes
Authors: Pasquaré Mariotto Federico , Bonali Fabio Luca , Venturini Corrado
Published: February 2020

Iceland is one of the most recognizable and iconic places on Earth, offering an unparalleled chance to admire the most powerful natural phenomena related to the combination of geodynamic, tectonic and magmatic forces, such as active rifting, volcanic eruptions and subvolcanic intrusions. We have identified and selected 25 geosites from the Snæfellsnes Peninsula and the Northern Volcanic Zone, areas where most of the above phenomena can be admired as they unfold before the viewers’ eyes. We have qualitatively assessed the selected volcano–tectonic geosites by applying a set of criteria derived from previous studies and illustrated them through field photographs, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-captured images and 3-D models. Finally, we have discussed and compared the different options and advantages provided by such visualization techniques and proposed a novel, cutting-edge approach to geoheritage promotion and popularization, based on interactive, navigable Virtual Outcrops made available online.
Exploring the Role of ‘Shadowing’ as a Beneficial Preparatory Step for Sensitive Qualitative Research with Children and Young People with Serious Health Conditions
Authors: Tyldesley-Marshall Natalie , Greenfield Sheila , Neilson Susan J. , Adamski Jenny , Beardsmore Sharon , English Martin , Peet Andrew
Published: February 2020

This article aims to explore and record the role of shadowing in preparation for a qualitative study involving children and families with sensitive health issues. The researcher was engaged for a study involving qualitative research involving paediatric patients (those under 18 years old) and their families, but was unfamiliar with a hospital environment and interviewing children and young people (CYP) with a serious health condition. The researcher ‘shadowed’ healthcare professionals (HCPs) at a children’s hospital during their day-to-day work in order to prepare for the research interviewing. From shadowing, the researcher gained: familiarity with a hospital environment, organisational processes, and medical terminology; an understanding of the appropriate ways to refer to patients; confidence and competence in talking to children with serious health conditions; and resilience to becoming upset during interviews while hearing patients’ distressing stories—they became ‘desensitised’. Shadowing can therefore be highly beneficial for researchers undertaking research in unfamiliar contexts, environments, and populations prior to interviewing.
What Drives Sustainable Brand Awareness: Exploring the Cognitive Symmetry between Brand Strategy and Consumer Brand Knowledge
Authors: Gong Xuan , Wang Changzheng , Yan Yi , Liu Maohong , Ali Rizwan
Published: February 2020

The explosive development of social media has given great opportunities to academic and industry research on consumer brand knowledge. Particularly, the brand associative network has been most frequently used to describe consumer brand knowledge structure. However, few researchers have examined the embedded connotation of the brand knowledge structural measurement in regard to sustainable brand performance and adjusted their brand strategies accordingly. Combining psychological cognitive theory and the network analytic method, this paper aims to extend this area by investigating the relationship between brand structural position in consumers’ associative knowledge network and sustainable brand awareness. Using a monthly dataset of around 130 million user posts, we find that compared to a prior determined brand strategy, brand network centrality in consumer’s brand associative knowledge network shows a much more significant positive effect on sustainable brand awareness. Importantly, we further examined the symmetric matching of brand positioning strategy and consumer’s brand knowledge structure for sustainable brand awareness. We find that sustainable brand awareness will be promoted by a symmetric matching brand positioning strategy with its position in the associative knowledge work. Our study facilitates an understanding of brands based on consumer perceptions for managers and enables businesses to adjust their relevant strategies for the achievement of sustainable brand performance.
Quantum Hall Conductivity in the Presence of Interactions
Authors: Wu Xi , Zubkov Mikhail
Published: February 2020

We discuss quantum Hall effect in the presence of arbitrary pair interactions between electrons. It is shown that, irrespective of the interaction strength, the Hall conductivity is given by the filling fraction of Landau levels averaged over the ground state of the system. This conclusion remains valid for both the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect.
Thermal Conductivity Modeling of Nanofluids Contain MgO Particles by Employing Different Approaches
Authors: Wang Na , Maleki Akbar , Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Tlili Iskander , Safdari Shadloo Mostafa
Published: February 2020

The existence of solid-phase nanoparticles remarkably improves the thermal conductivity of the fluids. The enhancement in this property of the nanofluids is affected by different items such as the solid-phase volume fraction and dimensions, temperature, etc. In the current paper, three different mathematical models, including polynomial correlation, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS), and Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), are applied to forecast the thermal conductivity of nanofluids containing MgO particles. The inputs of the model are the base fluid thermal conductivity, volume concentration, and average dimension of solid-phase, and nanofluids’ temperature. Comparing the proposed models revealed higher confidence of GMDH in estimating the thermal conductivity, which is attributed to its complicated structure and more appropriate consideration of the input’s interaction. The values of R-squared for the correlation, MARS, and GMDH are 0.9949, 0.9952, and 0.9991, respectively. In addition, based on the sensitivity analysis, the effect of thermal conductivity of the base fluid on the overall thermal conductivity of nanofluids is more remarkable compared with the other inputs such as volume fraction, temperature, and dimensions of the particles which are used as the inputs of the models.
Sensitivity Analysis of Mixed Cayley Inclusion Problem with XOR-Operation
Authors: Ali Imran , Ishtyak Mohd. , Ahmad Rais , Wen Ching-Feng
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we consider the parametric mixed Cayley inclusion problem with Exclusive or (XOR)-operation and show its equivalence with the parametric resolvent equation problem with XOR-operation. Since the sensitivity analysis, Cayley operator, inclusion problems, and XOR-operation are all applicable for solving many problems occurring in basic and applied sciences, such as financial modeling, climate models in geography, analyzing “Black Box processes”, computer programming, economics, and engineering, etc., we study the sensitivity analysis of the parametric mixed Cayley inclusion problem with XOR-operation. For this purpose, we use the equivalence of the parametric mixed Cayley inclusion problem with XOR-operation and the parametric resolvent equation problem with XOR-operation, which is an alternative approach to study the sensitivity analysis. In support of some of the concepts used in this paper, an example is provided.
Effect of Zinc on Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385 and Its Toxin Production
Authors: Perez Jose L. , Chu Tinchun
Published: February 2020

Cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are primarily caused by man-made eutrophication and increasing climate-change conditions. The presence of heavy metal runoff in affected water systems may result in CHABs alteration to their ecological interactions. Certain CHABs produce by-products, such as microcystin (MC) cyanotoxins, that have detrimentally affected humans through contact via recreation activities within implicated water bodies, directly drinking contaminated water, ingesting biomagnified cyanotoxins in seafood, and/or contact through miscellaneous water treatment. Metallothionein (MT) is a small, metal-sequestration cysteine rich protein often upregulated within the stress response mechanism. This study focused on zinc metal resistance and stress response in a toxigenic cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa UTEX LB 2385, by monitoring cells with (0, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L) ZnCl2 treatment. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy were used to evaluate physiological responses in cultures. Molecular assays and an immunosorbent assay were used to characterize the expression of MT and MC under zinc stress. The results showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2. Flow cytometry and phase contrast microscopy showed morphological changes occurred in cultures exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of selected cDNA samples showed significant upregulation of Mmt through all time points, significant upregulation of mcyC at a later time point. ELISA MC-LR analysis showed extracellular MC-LR (µg/L) and intracellular MC-LR (µg/cell) quota measurements persisted through 15 days, although 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 treatment produced half the normal cell biomass and 0.5 mg/L treatment largely inhibited growth. The 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells demonstrated a ~40% and 33% increase of extracellular MC-LR(µg/L) equivalents, respectively, as early as Day 5 compared to control cells. The 0.5 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells showed higher total MC-LR (µg/cell) quota yield by Day 8 than both 0 mg/L ZnCl2 control cells and 0.1 mg/L ZnCl2 treated cells, indicating release of MCs upon cell lysis. This study showed this Microcystis aeruginosa strain is able to survive in 0.25 mg/L ZnCl2 concentration. Certain morphological zinc stress responses and the upregulation of mt and mcy genes, as well as periodical increased extracellular MC-LR concentration with ZnCl2 treatment were observed.
Stability of Mycotoxins in Individual Stock and Multi-Analyte Standard Solutions
Authors: Kiseleva Mariya , Chalyy Zakhar , Sedova Irina , Aksenov Ilya
Published: February 2020

Standard solutions of mycotoxins prepared in RP HPLC solvents from neat standards are usually used for analytical method development. Multi-mycotoxin HPLC-MS/MS methods necessitate stability estimation for the wide spectrum of fungal metabolites. The stability of individual diluted stock standard solutions of mycotoxins in RP-HPLC solvents and multi-analyte HPLC-MS/MS calibrants was evaluated under standard storage and analysis conditions. Individual stock standard solutions of aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, A- and B-trichothecenes, zearalenone and its analogues, ochratoxin A, fumonisins, Alternaria toxins, enniatins and beauvericin, moniliformin, citrinin, mycophenolic, cyclopiazonic acids and citreoviridin were prepared in RP-HPLC solvents and stored at −18 °C for 14 months. UV-spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the stability of analytes, excluding fumonisins. The gradual degradation of α-, β-zearalenol and α-, β-zearalanol in acetonitrile was detected. Aflatoxins and sterigmatocystin, zearalenone, Alternaria toxins, enniatins and beauvericin, citrinin, mycophenolic, cyclopiazonic acids and citreoviridin can be referred to as stable. The concentration of the majority of trichothecenes should be monitored. Diluted multi-mycotoxin standard in water/methanol (50/50 v/v) solutions acidified with 0.1% formic acid proved to be stable in silanized glass at 23 °C exposed to light for at least 75 h (CV ≤ 10%). An unexpected manifestation of MS/MS signal suppression/enhancement was discovered in the course of multi-mycotoxin standard solution stability evaluation.
Morbidity and Mortality Due to Schistosoma mansoni Related Periportal Fibrosis: Could Early Diagnosis of Varices Improve the Outcome Following Available Treatment Modalities in Sub Saharan Africa? A Scoping Review
Authors: Gunda Daniel W. , Kilonzo Semvua B. , Manyiri Paulina M. , Peck Robert N. , Mazigo Humphrey D.
Published: February 2020

Schistosomiasis affects about 240 million people worldwide and Schistosoma mansoni alone affects over 54 million people leaving 400 million at-risk especially in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA). About 20 million people are currently suffering from complications of chronic S. mansoni infection and up to 42% of those infected have been found with periportal fibrosis (PPF). About 0.2 million deaths are attributed to chronic S. mansoni every year, which is mainly due to varices. Death occurs in up to 29% of those who present late with bleeding varices even with the best available in-hospital care. The diagnosis of varices before incident bleeding could potentially improve the outcome of this subgroup of patients is SSA. However, there is no prior review which has ever evaluated this issue detailing the magnitude and outcome of varices following available treatment modalities among patients with Schistosoma PPF in SSA. This review summarizes the available literature on this matter and exposes potential practical gaps that could be bridged to maximize the long-term outcome of patients with S. mansoni related PPF in SSA. A total of 22 studies were included in this review. The average prevalence of varices was 82.1% (SD: 29.6; range: 11.1%–100%) among patients with PPF. Late diagnosis of varices was frequent with average bleeding and mortality of 71.2% (SD: 36.5; range: 4.3%–100.0%) and 13.6% (SD: 9.9; range: 3.5%–29%), respectively. Predictors were reported in seven (31.8%) studies including platelet count to splenic diameter ratio (PSDR) for prediction large varices in one study. Active S. mansoni infection was very prevalent, (mean: 69.9%; SD: 24.4; range: 29.2–100.0%). Praziquantel could reverse PPF and use of non-selective B-blockers reduced both rebleeding and mortality. Use of sclerotherapy for secondary prevention of variceal bleeding was associated with high rebleeding and mortality rates. Conclusions: This review shows that varices due to schistosomal PPF are a big problem in SSA. However, patients are often diagnosed late with fatal bleeding varices. No study had reported a clinical tool that could be useful in early diagnosis of patients with varices and no study reported on primary and effective secondary prevention of bleeding and its outcome. Regular screening for S. mansoni and the provision of Praziquantel (PZQ) is suggested in this review. More studies are required to bridge these practical gaps in Sub Saharan Africa.
Lyophilized Matrix Containing Ready-to-Use Primers and Probe Solution for Standardization of Real-Time PCR and RT-qPCR Diagnostics in Virology
Authors: Thirion Laurence , Dubot-Peres Audrey , Pezzi Laura , Corcostegui Iban , Touinssi Mhammed , de Lamballerie Xavier , Charrel Remi
Published: February 2020

Real-time molecular techniques have become the reference methods for direct diagnosis of pathogens. The reduction of steps is a key factor in order to decrease the risk of human errors resulting in invalid series and delayed results. We describe here a process of preparation of oligonucleotide primers and hydrolysis probe in a single tube at predefined optimized concentrations that are stabilized via lyophilization (Lyoph-P&P). Lyoph-P&P was compared versus the classic protocol using extemporaneously prepared liquid reagents using (i) sensitivity study, (ii) long-term stability at 4 °C, and (iii) long-term stability at 37 °C mimicking transportation without cold chain. Two previously published molecular assays were selected for this study. They target two emerging viruses that are listed on the blueprint of the WHO as to be considered for preparedness and response actions: chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Rift Valley fever phlebovirus (RVFV). Results of our study demonstrate that (i) Lyoph-P&P is stable for at least 4 days at 37 °C supporting shipping without the need of cold chain, (ii) Lyoph-P&P rehydrated solution is stable at +4 °C for at least two weeks, (iii) sensitivity observed with Lyoph-P&P is at least equal to, often better than, that observed with liquid formulation, (iv) validation of results observed with low-copy specimens is rendered easier by higher fluorescence level. In conclusion, Lyoph-P&P holds several advantages over extemporaneously preparer liquid formulation that merit to be considered when a novel real-time molecular assay is implemented in a laboratory in charge of routine diagnostic activity.
Pathogenetic Potential Relating to Metabolic Activity in a Mouse Model of Infection with the Chikungunya Virus East/Central/South African Genotype
Authors: Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Muthugala Rohitha , Kyaw Kyaw Aung , Shimada Satoshi , Morita Kouichi , Hayasaka Daisuke
Published: February 2020

Epidemics of the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) from 2004 onwards were caused by the East/Central/South African (ECSA) genotype. However, the pathogenesis of the genotype infection has not been fully explained. In this study, we examined the pathogenic potential of CHIKV ECSA genotype M-30 (M-30) by comparing it with that of African genotype S-27 (S-27) in mice. Following low titer infections in type-I IFN receptor KO (A129) mice, we found that the M-30 infection caused high and acute fatality compared with the S-27 infection. M-30-infected A129 mice showed higher viral loads in their central nervous systems and peripheral organs, and increased levels of IFN-γ responses in their brains. Interestingly, M-30-infected mice did not show the hypophagia and reductions in weight which were observed in S-27-infected mice. Our observations provide a novel explanation of the pathogenic mechanisms attributed to virus proliferation, anti-type-II IFN response and metabolic activity in the CHIKV ECSA virus in mice.
Adsorption of Cu(II) Ions on Adsorbent Materials Obtained from Marine Red Algae Callithamnion corymbosum sp.
Authors: Lucaci Alina Roxana , Bulgariu Dumitru , Popescu Maria-Cristina , Bulgariu Laura
Published: February 2020

In recent years, studies on the more efficient use of natural materials in adsorption processes have increased significantly. Thus, obtaining new adsorbents from marine algae biomass with higher adsorptive performance will ensure a better use of these renewable resources. In this study, the adsorption of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution was done using three types of adsorbent materials obtained from marine red algae biomass (Callithamnion corymbosum sp.), namely: alginate (Alg), algae waste biomass resulted after alginate extraction (AWB) and iron nanoparticles functionalized with alginate (Fe-NPs-Alg), compared to raw marine red algae biomass (RAB). FTIR spectra and SEM images recorded for each type of adsorbent indicate a porous structure and the presence of various superficial functional groups who may be involved in the retention of Cu(II) ions. The biosorption experiments were performed in a batch system, at different initial Cu(II) ion concentrations and contact times, maintaining a constant initial solution pH (4.4), adsorbent dose (2.0 g/L), and temperature (25 ± 1 °C). The obtained results indicate that the retention of Cu(II) ions requires a maximum of 60 min to reach equilibrium, and the maximum adsorption capacity increases in order: RAB (47.62 mg/g) < Fe-NPs-Alg (52.63 mg/g) < AWB (83.33 mg/g) < Alg (166.66 mg/g). The quantitative removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous effluents can be done in two successive adsorption stages, using AWB (in the first stage) and Fe-NPs-Alg (in the second stage), when the treated solution has a Cu(II) ions concentration below the maximum permissible limit. The quantitative recovery of retained Cu(II) ions (over 97%) can be done by treating these exhausted adsorbent materials with 0.1 N HNO3 solution. Therefore, the extraction of alginate from marine red algae biomass could be a viable solution to obtain efficient adsorbent materials for Cu(II) ions removal from aqueous media, and allow for a better valorisation of marine red algae biomass.
Quality of Drinking Water in the Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region
Authors: Nurtazin Sabir , Pueppke Steven , Ospan Temirkhan , Mukhitdinov Azamat , Elebessov Timur
Published: February 2020

The thinly populated Balkhash District of Kazakhstan’s Almaty Region lies in the lower reaches of the Ili-Balkhash basin, which is shared by China and Kazakhstan. The district is arid and heavily dependent on inflows of surface water, which are threatened by the effects of upstream population growth, economic development, and climate change. The quality of drinking water from centralized water systems and tube wells in nine villages of the district was analyzed, and the organoleptic properties of water from these sources was also assessed by an expert and via surveys of local residents. Although most samples met governmental standards for the absence of chemical impurities, high concentrations of mineralization, chlorides, boron, iron, and/or uranium were present in some well water samples. Levels of these pollutants were as much as 4-fold higher than governmental maxima and as much as 16-fold higher than concentrations reported previously in surface water. All centralized water samples met standards for absence of microbial contamination, but total microbial counts in some well water samples exceeded standards. Organoleptic standards were met by all the water from five villages, but centralized water from one village and well water from four villages failed to meet standards based on expert judgment. Residents were, for the most part, more satisfied with centralized rather than well water, but there was no obvious relationship between the failure of water to meet standards and the locations or populations of the settlements. This is the first comprehensive assessment of groundwater used for drinking in the lower Ili-Balkhash basin, and although it relies on a limited number of samples, it nevertheless provides evidence of potentially serious groundwater contamination in the Balkhash District. It is thus imperative that additional and more detailed studies be undertaken.
Links and Trade-Offs between Fisheries and Environmental Protection in Relation to the Sustainable Development Goals in Thailand
Authors: Sampantamit Tiptiwa , Ho Long , Van Echelpoel Wout , Lachat Carl , Goethals Peter
Published: February 2020

The fisheries sector significantly contributes to global food security, nutrition, and livelihood of people. Its importance for economic benefits, healthy diets, and nutrition, and achieving sustainable food systems is highlighted by several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), i.e., SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), and SDG 14 (Life Below Water). However, due to unprecedented population levels, the contribution of the fisheries sector to fulfills these roles is challenging, particularly given additional concerns regarding environmental well-being and sustainability. From this perspective, this study aims to identify the links and trade-offs between the development of this sector and the environmental sustainability in Thailand via a critical analysis of their trends, current ecological impacts, and more importantly, their contributions to several individual SDGs. A time-series of Thailand’s fisheries production from 1995 to 2015 indicates a recent reduction from around 3.0 million tons in 1995 to 1.5 million tons in 2015 of wild fish and shellfish from marine and freshwater habitats. The maximum sustainable yield of these species has been exceeded. Conversely, Thailand’s aquaculture production has continued to grow over the last decade, resulting in a reduction of mangrove forest area, wild fish stocks, and water quality. While capture fisheries and aquaculture production significantly contribute to several SDG targets, there are potential trade-offs between their development and the achievement of SDGs within the planet dimension, i.e., SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG 13 (Climate Action), SDG 14, and SDG 15 (Life on Land). On the one hand, the mitigation of overfishing will be beneficial for the targets of SDG 14, leading to more sustainable resource management. On the other hand, it might cause a decrease in the volume of marine catches and economic and social profits. We conclude that the SDGs can serve as a framework for both policymakers and industrial workers to monitor and compromise on regulations that will optimize productivity in the context of sustainable development.
Linking Stoichiometric Organic Carbon–Nitrogen Relationships to planktonic Cyanobacteria and Subsurface Methane Maximum in Deep Freshwater Lakes
Authors: Khatun Santona , Iwata Tomoya , Kojima Hisaya , Ikarashi Yoshiki , Yamanami Kana , Imazawa Daichi , Kenta Tanaka , Shinohara Ryuichiro , Saito Hiromi
Published: February 2020

Our understanding of the source of methane (CH4) in freshwater ecosystems is being revised because CH4 production in oxic water columns, a hitherto inconceivable process of methanogenesis, has been discovered for lake ecosystems. The present study surveyed nine Japanese deep freshwater lakes to show the pattern and mechanisms of such aerobic CH4 production and subsurface methane maximum (SMM) formation. The field survey observed the development of SMM around the metalimnion in all the study lakes. Generalized linear model (GLM) analyses showed a strong negative nonlinear relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), as well as a similar curvilinear relationship between DIN and dissolved CH4, suggesting that the availability of organic carbon controls N accumulation in lake waters thereby influences the CH4 production process. The microbial community analyses revealed that the distribution of picocyanobacteria (i.e., Synechococcus), which produce CH4 in oxic conditions, was closely related to the vertical distribution of dissolved CH4 and SMM formation. Moreover, a cross-lake comparison showed that lakes with a more abundant Synechococcus population exhibited a greater development of the SMM, suggesting that these microorganisms are the most likely cause of methane production. Thus, we conclude that the stoichiometric balance between DOC and DIN might cause the cascading responses of biogeochemical processes, from N depletion to picocyanobacterial domination, and subsequently influence SMM formation in lake ecosystems.
Operação lógica de restrição: Um estudo semiolinguístico com os conectores mas, embora, mesmo e apesar de
Authors: Da Silva Nascimento Cavalcante Marcilene
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as operações lógicas com ênfase na operação denominadade restrição, conforme Patrick Charaudeau propõe na sua Gramática de Sentido e de Expressão (1992). Oprincipal objetivo foi investigar os contextos linguísticos em que os conectores, mas, embora, mesmo e apesar deestão presentes. No embasamento teórico foram consultados vários autores como Monnerat (2001), Machado(2005), Corrêa-Rosado (2016). As análises comprovaram que os conectores, mas, embora, mesmo e apesar depromovem a ocorrência das operações lógicas de restrição.
Unidades linguístico-textuais e finalidades sociocomunicativas em cartas de leitores de jornais paulistas do século XIX
Authors: Guerra Alessandra Regina
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho insere-se na Gramática Textual-Interativa e tem o objetivo de analisar a organizaçãotópica de cartas de leitores de jornais paulistas do século XIX, descrevendo os níveis intra e intertópico e asfinalidades comunicativas das cartas. A esse respeito, o artigo corrobora estudos anteriores segundo os quais ascartas preveem as unidades intratópicas de Abertura, Explicação, Avaliação e Interpelação. Além disso, otrabalho apresenta dados quantitativos sobre a ocorrência dessas unidades e demonstra que o nível intertópicocaracteriza-se pelo traço da unicidade intertópica. Os dados indicam ainda a existência de três tipos distintos definalidades comunicativas: manifestação de opinião; sugestão de ação; solicitação de resolução de problema.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS OF A TWO PHASE MEDIA OUTFLOW FROM THE DISINTEGRATOR GRINDING CHAMBER IN THE PLANE PERPENDICULAR ROTORS AXIS
Authors: Semikopenko I. , Voronov V. , Belyaev D. , Chuzhinov V.
Published: February 2020

Currently, disintegrators are equipment used for grinding and mixing various materials. The ad-vantages of disintegrators are the ability to control the rotation frequency of the rotors and change the geometric parameters to obtain a grinding product with the required grain composition, as well as the simplicity of the design. This article describes the flow of a two-phase medium from the grinding chamber to the outlet pipe, whose axis is shifted relative to the plane passing through the center of rotation of the rotors. A design scheme for the two-phase flow into the outlet pipe in a plane perpen-dicular to the axis of the cylindrical body is presented. It is assumed that the movement of the two-phase medium from the grinding chamber to the outlet pipe occurs at a constant modulus speed. The diagram of the two-phase flow is considered taking into account that the length of the outlet pipe sig-nificantly exceeds its width. The relations determining the change of the velocity vector components near the two-phase flow outlet to the outlet pipe are obtained. Based on the obtained expressions, the trajectory of the two-phase flow from the grinding chamber to the outlet pipe is determined. Thus, us-ing the results of this theoretical study, it is possible to provide a rational ratio of the main design pa-rameters of the disintegrator unloading unit.
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS AND CRANES WITH MODULAR DRIVE MECHANISMS
Authors: Uvarov V. , Kaytukov B. , Skel V.
Published: February 2020

The problem of limiting the standard-size range of drive mechanisms for hydraulic excavators and self-propelled jib cranes with a wide unification of their elements is considered. This approach allows to increase the serialization of products to reduce costs in the design and production, increases the durability of machines and reduces the time of development of new equipment.The analysis of the production of domestic excavators and cranes is carried out. It is presented in a tabular version and a sequence of logical steps to provide a systematic approach to the development of rational designs of hydraulic excavators and cranes. The analysis showed that it is advisable to carry out unification on the modular principle of the formation of some units and, first of all, of slewing mechanisms of these machines. The technique of unification of turning mechanisms and winches of excavators and cranes based on unified planetary hydromechanical block modules is proposed. Creating hydraulic excavators and cranes with unified planetary hydromechanical mechanisms allows you to reduce operating costs and improve the quality of drive mechanisms for excavators and cranes, reducing the cost and complexity of manufacturing. Unification on a modular principle and the subsequent cooperation of parts, assemblies and units allows expanding opportunities to increase production volumes, provides interspecific unification of their basic elements.
La mujer en Derecho a una Vida libre de violencia desde la Organización Comunitaria
Authors: Aldana Zavala Julio Juvenal , Valles González Elia Analy
Published: February 2020

El presente artículo tipo ensayo, proyecta una alternativa para prevenir la violencia contra la mujer, no solo desde el punto de vista informativo, sino, formativo, es decir, se proponen los comité jurídicos en las comunidades, como organizaciones integrales por medio de las cuales, se pueden articular acciones que beneficien a la mujer desde el punto de vista psicológico, legal, laboral, educativo, como ejes medulares para el fomento de una visión de paz , en donde la familia como médula de la sociedad sea librada de la violencia en sus diversas formas. El comité jurídico para la defensa de la mujer en las comunidades, se constituye en una organización con el propósito de brindar la ayuda, atención, necesaria sobre todo a la mujer que ha sufrido violencia con la intención de apoyarle a superar los traumas que pueda padecer, así como incentivarla a creer en sí misma para constituirse en una persona innovadora, productiva, emprendedora, en capacidad de asumir los retos familiares, sociales, económicos, para ser independiente en pro de contribuir tanto a su familia como a la sociedad venezolana. Así mismo, el comité proyecta la educación preventiva a las mujeres para que eviten ser víctimas de la violencia, puedan ser promotoras en el progreso de la nación desde una perspectiva de sanidad integral en su ser y se integren al campo laboral en las mejores condiciones posibles de ser competitivas - exitosas. Por consiguiente, el comité jurídico es un espacio que contribuye en fortalecer las políticas públicas en concordancia con las leyes vigentes, siendo un aliado para generar una cultura de paz.
Aplicación del Principio de proporcionalidad en la Jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador
Authors: Mogrovejo-Gavilanes Alejandro Raúl , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Pozo-Cabrera Enrique Eugenio , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: February 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza las bases teóricas del principio de proporcionalidad, para posteriormente situar el problema en lo referente a su estructura y límites, mediante la exposición de una serie de precedentes significativos que muestren la visión del paradigma interpretativo-argumentativo utilizado por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador. De esta manera, se plantea como objetivo exponer la forma en la que se aplica el test de proporcionalidad en la limitación de los derechos constitucionales a partir de un estudio analítico del tratamiento que le ha otorgado la jurisprudencia. Para ello, se realiza una investigación cualitativa, que cimentada en los métodos inductivo-deductivo e histórico-lógico nos ha permitido concluir que, así como hay casos donde la aplicación de la proporcionalidad resulta apropiada y obligatoria hay otro en los que esto resulta al menos debatible.
El derecho a la verdad como mecanismo idóneo de reparación integral
Authors: Padrón-Espinoza Pablo Andrés , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Guerra-Coronel Marcelo Alejandro , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

Las graves violaciones a derechos humanos que han ocurrido en la región latinoamericana y en el Ecuador fueron el punto de partida para que el derecho a la verdad surja en este hemisferio como un freno a estos atropellos, con la finalidad de que las voces de las víctimas sean escuchadas por los gobiernos de turno, sobre quienes pesa la obligación de investigar la verdad de lo ocurrido. El objetivo que persigue este artículo consiste en establecer que el derecho a la verdad es el medio idóneo de reparación integral en favor de las víctimas de violaciones graves a derechos humanos. La metodología que se utilizó es de tipo descriptiva – Ex post factos, por cuanto se analizarán definiciones de autores que han tratado sobre el tema; así como los pronunciamientos emitidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador.
La desnaturalización de la acción extraordinaria de protección en la práctica judicial ecuatoriana
Authors: Zhindón Idrovo Jhony Valentín , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos , Pozo-Cabrera Enrique Eugenio , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne
Published: February 2020

Se  analizan los principales criterios jurisprudenciales emitidos por la Corte Constitucional referente a la acción extraordinaria de protección (AEP).  El  objetivo trazado es revisar los criterios jurisprudenciales de la Corte Constitucional que eviten la desnaturalización de la AEP en las sentencias del máximo órgano de control constitucional. La metodología que se utilizó en esta investigación es la cualitativa, misma que se respalda en métodos como: el analítico, sintético y la revisión bibliográfica, enlazando teorías con un alto nivel de complejidad; adicionalmente se empleó los métodos investigativos tales como: histórico lógico, inductivo y deductivo, a través de la cual podemos recabar los precedentes más relevantes que la Corte ha dictado referente a esta acción, lo que nos llevará a plantear hechos generales. Con lo cual, llegamos al siguiente resultado: faltan criterios jurisprudenciales de la Corte Constitucional que eviten la desnaturalización de la AEP.
Falta de motivación en las resoluciones administrativas de las Juntas Cantonales de Protección de Derechos
Authors: Álvarez-Sanango Mónica Gabriela , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Pinos-Jaén Camilo Emanuel , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

La motivación es una garantía constitucional que forma parte del contenido del derecho a la defensa que no puede ser excluida, la Junta Cantonal de Protección de Derechos, es un organismo encargado de precautelar los derechos de los niños, niñas y adolescentes que se encuentran en situación de riesgo, a través del dictamen de medidas de protección, su procedimiento administrativo se encuentra establecido en el Código de la Niñez y Adolescencia; el problema se da cuando las resoluciones que emiten los Miembros de la Junta Cantonal de Protección de Derechos no son debidamente motivadas, pues cuya inobservancia podría acarrear la nulidad del proceso. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar como la actuación de los Miembros de la Junta Cantonal de Protección de Derechos de Azogues dentro del proceso administrativo de medidas de protección vulneran el debido proceso. Los métodos empleados en la investigación fueron: analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-logio, sistemático-estructural.
Reparación integral de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos: Sentencias de acción extraordinaria de protección
Authors: Bravo-Núñez Astrid del Cisne , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Vázquez-Calle José Luis , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

El estudio de los estándares de medidas de reparación integral establecidos por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, respecto de las sentencias de acción extraordinaria de protección emitidas por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, genera una problemática que perjudica de forma directa a las víctimas por  vulneraciones de sus derechos fundamentales. Es por ello, que el objetivo de este artículo, es determinar si no existe cumplimiento de la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador en las sentencias de acción extraordinaria de protección, respecto a los parámetros de reparación integral que ha establecido la Corte IDH a lo largo de los años a través de su jurisprudencia, entendida dicha reparación, como el medio idóneo para restablecer aquel derecho que fue vulnerado, estos parámetros a tratar son la restitución, indemnización, satisfacción, rehabilitación, investigación y sanción, y garantía de no repetición.
Habeas corpus preventivo como garantía del derecho a la vida, la integridad física y libertad
Authors: Rodríguez-Pacheco Néstor Gonzalo , Narváez-Zurita Cecilia Ivonne , Guerra-Coronel Marcelo Alejandro , Erazo-Álvarez Juan Carlos
Published: February 2020

Se analiza la garantía jurisdiccional del habeas corpus contemplada en el artículo 89 de la Constitución y artículo 43 de la Ley de Garantías Jurisdiccionales y Control Constitucional,  pues por parte de los sujetos procesales y de los operadores de justicia existe incertidumbre en cuanto a la aplicación y alcance de esta garantía, toda vez que, por el principio de no regresividad de los derechos, se contempla actualmente a esta garantía no solo en su tradicional aspecto reparador del derecho a la libertad. El objetivo es determinar el accionar de esta garantía en la modalidad preventiva, no vulnera el debido proceso. La metodología empleada para la investigación está sustentada en el análisis bibliográfico, con un enfoque cualitativo, lo que permitió revisar y analizar leyes, doctrinas, sentencias, para en base a ello elaborar significativos aportes teóricos en el tema constitucional.
Дж.Г. Мід як соціальний біхевіорист: проблема тлумачення
Authors: Naumenko V.
Published: February 2020

Стаття присвячена проблемі тлумачення концепції Дж.Г. Міда щодо відношення її до біхевіористичної методології. Мід використовує біхевіористичну термінологію для тематизації людської поведінки. Аргументи Міда в аспектах дії, мови, феноменів свідомості критично спрямовані проти засад класичного біхевіоризму Дж. Ватсона. Задум Міда – розкрити значення людських дій, які стають зрозумілими в межах символічно опосередкованих інтеракцій, а не через зовнішнє спостереження. Намічається перспектива розгляду Мідової концепції в контексті інтерпретативного підходу, який відштовхується від методу розуміння в дослідженні соціальної реальності.
LA ÉTICA Y VALORES EN ENFERMERÍA
Authors: Urure Velazco Isabel Natividad
Published: January 2020

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Do Financial Ratios and Financial Characteristics Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure?
Authors: Christina Silvy , Anggraeni Fanny
Published: January 2020

Objective – The business world requires that companies not only focus on management and owners, but also that they pay attention to the sustainability of the social environment. This concept is better known as Corporate Social Responsibility. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence about the factors which influence corporate social responsibility.
Methodology/Technique – The independent variables used in this research are: board size, firm size, profitability, liquidity, public ownership, and firm age. The objects used in this study are non-financial companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2016 and 2018. The data selected as a research sample of 183 non-financial companies. Sample selection procedures can be obtained from the results of purposive sampling.
Findings – The results show that board size, firm size, and profitability all have an influence on corporate social responsibility disclosure. On the other hand, liquidity, public ownership, and firm age have no influence on corporate social responsibility.
Type of Paper: Empirical
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Board Size; Firm Size; Profitability; Liquidity; Public Ownership; Firm Age.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Christina, S; Anggraeni, F; 2019. Do Financial Ratios and Financial Characteristics Affect Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure?, Acc. Fin. Review 4 (4): 114 – 119 https://doi.org/10.35609/afr.2019.4.4(3)