bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lecture Summaries
Authors: Hill Peter , Mercer Roger , Idiens Dale , Buckland Paul , Breeze David J , Walker Susan , Cumming Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Six lecture summaries:The Northumbrian church at WhithornMonuments on record: the work of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland at the end of the 20th centuryCanadian Ethnology and the Wilson BrothersFleas, Flies and Farmers, an entomology of archaeologyHigh Society on the Antonine frontierA history of the Arts & Crafts movement in Edinburgh, 1885-1939
Anniversary meeting
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting, the President commented on the deaths of several prominent Fellows, including Dorothy Marshall, George Jobey and Robert B K Stevenson. The Annual Report was then delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1990-1991 was presented.At the Anniversary meeting, the President commented on the deaths of several prominent Fellows, including Dorothy Marshall, George Jobey and Robert B K Stevenson. The Annual Report was then delivered covering topics such as Membership, Meetings, Research and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Council for the following session was then elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 1990-1991 was presented.

Instructions for Contributors are appended.
Burials of possible Romano-British date from Inveresk, East Lothian
Authors: Gallagher Dennis B , Clarke A , Bruce M , Barlow A
Published: April 2023

Five graves of Romano--British date, possibly associated with the fort or vicus at Inveresk, were revealed during building. The remains of one individual were recovered. There are specialist reports (317 & microfiche) on `Pottery' by Dennis Gallagher, `Human Bone' by Margaret Bruce, and `Animal bone' by Andrew Barlow.
Four decorated antler mounts and a stone 'egg' amulet from Bu Sands, Burray, Orkney
Authors: Hunter Fraser
Published: April 2023

Four decorated antler mounts found at Bu Sands in 1990 are described. Relevant parallels are studied, from which a Roman or early Anglo--Saxon date is proposed, with manufacture in southern Britain. Consideration of the evidence for Orcadian contacts at this time suggests a late Roman date is most likely and that the mounts ornamented a box which arrived in Orkney as a prestige gift in the third or fourth century AD. An Appendix (331--3) describes a find of a stone `egg' amulet of the first few centuries AD from the same site and discusses similar amulets.
The Drosten Stone: a new reading
Authors: Clancy Thomas Owen
Published: April 2023

The Drosten Stone (St Vigeans 1) is a Pictish carved stone of the ninth century AD. This paper seeks to interpret the inscription on that stone as containing a Gaelic time expression coupled with a personal name: i ré Uoret. This would allow for close dating of the stone, to 839--842, the dates of the Pictish king Uurad, son of Bargoit. Evidence is introduced from inscriptions elsewhere in the insular world, both to reinforce the suggested time expression, and to suggest the purpose of the stone and the possible nature of the persons commemorated on it.
Carronbridge, Dumfries and Galloway: the excavation of Bronze Age cremations, Iron Age settlements and a Roman camp
Authors: Johnston Daniel A , Allason-Jones L , Boardman S , Carter S , Clarke A , Crone B A , Dalland M , Dixon D , Ford B A , Henderson J , MacSween A , Parker S , Owen O , Slater E , Welander R
Published: April 2023

Cropmarks of a square, double-ditched Iron Age/Romano-British enclosure, a Roman temporary camp and  another sub-rectangular enclosure were excavated in advance of road building. All the monuments were plough damaged. The square enclosure had three main enclosure phases. It contained six

intersecting circular buildings, one of which was surrounded by a large ditch and three large sunken features  with complex, charcoal-rich fills. A cobbled surface (probably a Roman road) crossed its south-east corner. Radiocarbon dates from the enclosure ranged from 145 BC to AD 415; earlier activity was dated 

to between 1285 and 230 BC. A brooch, sword, and sickle, deposited probably in the ninth or tenth century AD,

were found within the enclosure.

 

The primary fill of the Roman camp ditch was redeposited turf. A group of internal post-holes was rich in  charred barley and wheat. The third and earliest enclosure was defended by a ditch and palisade; the  temporary camp re-used part of its ditch. An oven found within the third enclosure was probably associated  with the temporary camp. 

 

Three cremation burials were found north of the square enclosure. Two were contained in collared urns, which were found in small cists. The third was in a pit, and unaccompanied. The excavation was arranged and funded 

by Historic Scotland.
The eastern terminus of the Antonine wall: 12th- or 13th-century evidence
Authors: Dumville David
Published: April 2023

Early modern antiquarian evidence for the terminus location.
The mail stone: an incised Pictish figure from Mail, Cunningsburgh, Shetland
Authors: Turner Val
Published: April 2023

A lightly incised, animal-headed, Pictish figure is described and analysed in the context of Pictish art and of its find spot. A seventh-century date is proposed.
St Rule's Church, St Andrews, and early stone-built churches in Scotland
Authors: Cameron Neil
Published: April 2023

An article challenging the mid--late twelfth-century date for St Rule's, presenting a new interpretation of the structure. Also considered are other church buildings in eastern--central Scotland which, it is argued, provide evidence of a well-established tradition of church construction in stone before the twelfth century.
The Lochleven and Linlithgow hangings
Authors: Swain Margaret
Published: April 2023

Discusses the original location of the wall-hangings thought to have been made in an Edinburgh workshop in the early-seventeenth century.
The Coopers Lane project: craft and cooperage in post-medieval Campbeltown
Authors: Atkinson John A
Published: April 2023

Presents a survey of the industry in its economic context using documentary sources and structural survey.
Lecture Summaries
Authors: McCarthy Mike , Clancy Thomas Owen , McCullagh Roderick , Aldhouse-Green S H R , Kinchin Perilla , Johns Catherine , MacSween Ann
Published: April 2023

Seven lecture summaries:Early medieval Carlisle: the development of an Anglo-Scottish town to the late 13th centuryAdomnan, lona and the cult of the SaintsThe Lairg Project: the prehistory of a Highland landscapeCannibals and Carnivores: Pontnewydd Cave and the earliest Palaeolithic of WalesTea and Taste: Glasgow tea rooms 1875-1975Seventy-five Years on: the Treasure of Traprain and its place in the study of late Roman silverA petrographic study of the Neolithic pottery from the site of Pool, Sanday, in the Orkney Islands
Tobacco pipemakers in 17th-century Stirling
Authors: Gallagher Dennis B , Harrison John
Published: April 2023

An overview based on documentary and artefactual evidence.
A medal of the Newtongrange Lothian Cricket Club, 1887
Authors: Burnett John
Published: April 2023

A medal of one minor cricket club is described and set in context.
A traveller's end? - an associated group of Early Historic artefacts from Carronbridge, Dumfries & Galloway
Authors: Owen Olwyn , Welander Richard , Gabra-Sanders Thea , Clydesdale Amanda
Published: April 2023

Notes the discovery of silver gilt `Pictish' penannular brooch fragments in association with part of an iron sword blade and corroded iron material including part of a sickle blade. `The fibres associated with the brooch' by Thea Gabra-Sanders (761--2) and `The organic remains associated with the sword and sickle' by Amanda Clydesdale (762) conclude proceedings.
Jedburgh Abbey church: the Romanesque fabric
Authors: Thurlby Malcolm
Published: April 2023

A discussion of the structure in the context of other foundations, with particular reference to the influence of Henry I's foundation of Reading Abbey.
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 125

Table of Contents

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council, 1994-5

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1994-5

Editorial
Archaeological excavations at Castle Sween, Knapdale, Argyll & Bute, 1989-90
Authors: Ewart Gordon , Triscott Jon , Holmes N M McQ , Caldwell D , Stewart H , McCormick F , Holden T , Mills C
Published: April 2023

Excavations have thrown light on the history and use of the castle from its construction, c. 1200, to the present day. A forge and kilns are evidence of industrial activity prior to 1650. Evidence for ranges of buildings within the courtyard amplifies previous descriptions of the castle. There are specialist reports on: `Coins' by Nicholas M McQ Holmes (533--4); `The ceramics' by D Caldwell & H Stewart (546--50); `The botanical remains' by T G Holden (550--2); `Charcoal' by Coralie Mills (552--3); `Faunal remains' by Finbar McCormick (553--5).
Post-Reformation Catholic symbolism: further and different examples
Authors: Bryce Ian B D , Roberts Alasdair
Published: April 2023

Expansion on an earlier theme providing further examples of the IHS monogram and also arguing that crosslet gunloops were in fact Catholic Christian symbols.
Excavation at two sites in Old Aberdeen
Authors: Cameron Alison , Johnston Anne , Stones Judith , Atkins Susanne , Thain Stewart
Published: April 2023

Excavations between 1986 and 1987 at frontage sites on the pre-nineteenth-century thoroughfare out of Aberdeen to the north, as part of an overall programme to establish the nature of medieval deposits in Old Aberdeen. Despite nineteenth-twentieth-century disturbance, it was possible at both sites to establish that the earliest evidence of activity was of seventeenth-century date. At the Don Street site five small domestic kilns were excavated. There are short notes on `The clay pipes' by Susanne Atkin (926) and `The coins' by Stewart Thain (926).
Stuart Piggott
Authors: Ritchie Graham , Watkins Trevor
Published: April 2023

Stuart Piggott, who died in September 1996, was an archaeologist with a broad range of interests from the Neolithic to the Iron Age in Scotland and across Europe. His achievements have been acknowledged by both his peers and the various archaeological institutions that he was involved in, including the Society.
The early Bronze Age cairn at Sketewan, Balnaguard, Perth & Kinross
Authors: Mercer Roger J , Midgley Magdalena S , Burgess C , Dickson C , Finlayson B , MacDonald J , McSweeney K , Tipping R
Published: April 2023

The excavation of the cairn in 1988 revealed a complex sequence of EBA funerary activities. These comprised several episodes of pyre cremation, construction of a large central cist, and six smaller satellite cists all of which had cremations deposited within them. This `cemetery' area was later surrounded by an eccentrically positioned ring-cairn which, subsequently, was covered by a massive mantle of stones. Burial and other ceremonial activities continued in the vicinity of the cairn, taking the form of further cremation deposits within a succession of at least three ring-groove palisade, and a minor cairn finally covered these structures as well. Two final cremations in pits atop this cairn, marked by small upright boulders, attest the longevity of the funerary tradition associated with this monument. There are specialist reports on: `The pottery' by Colin Burgess (305--9); `The plano-convex knife' by Bill Finlayson (309--10); `Cremated human remains' by Kath McSweeney (311--18); `Plant remains' by Camilla Dickson (318--22); `The soil and pollen stratigraphy beneath the cairn' (322--5) and `Palynology of the cist deposits' (326--7), both by Richard Tipping; `Minerals' by J G MacDonald (327--8); and `Kerb stones of the ring-cairn: size, type and colour' by Richard Tipping (328--31).
The excavation of Iron Age buildings at Ironshill, Inverkeilor, Angus
Authors: Pollock Dave
Published: April 2023

Part of a complex cropmark site was investigated during the winter of 1982-83. A large circular building (radiocarbon dated to 1970±50 BP) and at least one ring-ditch house (dated to 2340±50 BP) were excavated together with rectangular four-post and six-post structures. An exploratory trench through deep hillwash located stratified deposits which could be related to the structures.
Archaeological collections from sandhill sites in the Isle of Coll, Argyll & Bute
Authors: Crawford John , Cowie T , Finlayson B , Lane A , Sheridan A , Braby A
Published: April 2023

Over the past twenty years, large collections of surface finds have been retrieved from erosion areas within the sandhills on the Argyll island of Coll. A selection of these finds has been catalogued and illustrated to draw attention to the range of evidence that is available, including material representative of virtually all periods from the Mesolithic to the recent past. There is a brief discussion of the contribution that this fieldwork has made to understanding of the development of settlement on Coll. Together with the archaeological Inventory (RCAHMS 1980), it is hoped that the results of this field prospection will be the catalyst for future archaeological work on the island. There are notes on: `The lithic collections' by Bill Finlayson (495--6); `The pottery collections' by Alan Lane & Trevor Cowie (496--502); `Copper alloy metalwork' by John Crawford & Trevor Cowie (502--3); `The cannel coal bead from Feall' by Alison Sheridan (504); and finally a `General discussion' by Trevor Cowie (505--9).
Preliminaries
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 127

Table of Contents

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 1996-7

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1996-7

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Lecture summaries 1997-8
Authors: Caldwell David H , Cruickshank Graeme D R
Published: April 2023

Eight lecture summaries:Finlaggan, Islay: an archaeological overviewTracking down Scottish export pottery in South-East AsiaRiding into history: Scotland's common ridingsA new investigation into the Clava CairnsBodies, faces and teethThe first Glasgow Town House, 1737-60The Romantic interior: Sir Walter Scott and AbbotsfordScottish crannogs: construction, collapse and conflation
Pictish chains and Welsh forgeries
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: April 2023

An ascertainment of the existence of twelve Pictish silver chains, rather than the ten cited by most authorities. Also cautions against reliance on references to such objects in the text of Brut Aberpergwm, which was probably written by Iolo Morgannwg (1747--1826) even though he claimed it was a chronicle originally written in the twelfth-century.
From realism to caricature: reflections on Insular depictions of animals and people
Authors: Alcock Leslie
Published: April 2023

A presentation of Pictish and other northern British illustrations from stones, documents and metalwork of the seventh to ninth centuries AD.
An early metal assemblage from Dail na Caraidh, Inverness-shire, and its context
Authors: Barrett John C , Gourlay Robert B , Clarke A , Cullen I , Dickson C A , Dickson J H , Moore S , O'Connor B
Published: April 2023

Between 1980 and 1984 a number of finds of EBA metalwork were recovered via metal-detecting from an area of rough ground at the head of a small disused quarry. This report considers the character of the metalwork and the context in which that material was deposited. It concludes that the entire assemblage could have resulted from more than one period of votive deposition, and that these activities focused upon a prominent, but natural, long mound and occurred in an area which may have been demarcated by other natural points of reference.
Towards a new understanding of Iron Age Caithness
Authors: Heald Andrew , Jackson Adam
Published: April 2023

Re-investigation of the nineteenth-century excavations by Sir Francis Tress Barry has initiated a study of three Iron Age roundhouse complexes at Keiss, Caithness. The paper presents the key findings and uses a series of scenarios to explain the observed patterns. The importance of Caithness to understandings of Iron Age Scotland is emphasized and future objectives highlighted.
Survey and excavation at Tarradale, Highland
Authors: Gregory Richard A , Jones G D B , McGill C
Published: April 2023

Report on the trial excavation between 1991 and 1993 of a cropmark enclosure. Excavation revealed three possible phases of activity. These include possible Mesolithic activity; a probable unenclosed phase of settlement dating to the Late Bronze/Early Iron Age; and finally a phase of enclosure which may be associated with the formation of a substantial settlement dating to the middle centuries of the first millennium AD. Includes
New evidence for the origins and evolution of Dunbar: excavations at the Captain's Cabin, Castle Park, Dunbar, East Lothian
Authors: Moloney Colm , Hastie M , Holden T , Roberts J , Franklin J , Henderson D
Published: April 2023

Report of an excavation in 1998 on the site previously occupied by the former lock house of a military barracks. A sequence of deposits was identified reflecting around 2,000 years of human influence. The earliest feature identified was a large ditch which may have formed part of the defences/enclosure system of the promontory fort previously identified at Castle Park. A rectangular building, probably contemporary with the Anglian occupation of the area, was built over the top of the ditch. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries AD the site was used as a cemetery. A midden above the cemetery and below the foundations of the military barracks contained a substantial quantity of elephant ivory off-cuts in deposits dating to the eighteenth or nineteenth centuries. Includes
Lecture Summaries 2000 - 2001
Authors: Pearson Mike Parker , MacKie E , Morrison-Low A D , Keppie L , Wickham-Jones C , Woolf Alex
Published: April 2023

Six lecture summaries:Preparing for the afterlife: the human experience of deathThe circumnavigation of Scotland by Agricola’s fleet in the early AD 80s: possible evidence from Dun Ardtreck, SkyeThe genesis of photography in ScotlandArchaeological cinefilms by the late Anne S RobertsonA diet of limpets? New work by the Scotland’s First Settlers Project on the early settlement of the Inner Sound, West ScotlandEvent and process in the Scottish Viking Age
Three cists and a possible Roman road at Barbush Quarry, Dunblane, Perthshire
Authors: Holden Timothy G , Sheridan Alison , Davis Mary
Published: April 2023

A concentration of archaeological features identified and excavated at the quarry included three short cists, one containing a cannel coal and jet disc-bead necklace and another a poorly-preserved skeleton and a Food Vessel. Finds appeared to be from the Early Bronze Age but a radiocarbon date from the skeletal material gave a later date of c. 2845 BP. Other finds included two parallel ditches associated with an area of packed gravel and cobbles which could represent a degraded section of the Roman road known to run close to the site. Includes
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 131

Table of Contents

Editorial Board for the Proceedings, 2000-1

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 2000-1

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2000-1

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Excavation of a Neolithic occupation site at Chepelfield, Cowie, Stirling
Authors: Atkinson John A , Alldritt D , Donnelly M , Duncan J S , Jones A , Squair R , Taylor K
Published: April 2023

Pits and oval structures dating from the Meso to the Early and Mid Neo. Pottery and lithics also present. Later Beaker pot radiocarbon dated to 3050--2450 cal BC. There are separately authored reports on:
Excavation of a burnt mound and associated structures at Ceann nan Clachan, North Uist
Authors: Armit Ian , Braby Alan , Carter S , Cerón-Carrasco R , Church M , Cressey M , Finlayson W , Johnson M , Taylor M
Published: April 2023

First excavation of a burnt mound site in the Western Isles, not thought to be part of a domestic site. Cellular building closely paralleled by a recently excavated building at Cladh Hallan in South Uist. Various possible funcions are suggested including cooking place, smoke-house, or sweat-lodge. There are notes on:
The medieval development of South Leith and the creation of Rotten Row
Authors: Stronach Simon , Dawson J , Franklin J , Hastie M , Henderson D , Mowat S
Published: April 2023

Includes:
Lecture Summaries 2001 - 2002
Authors: Holmes N M McQ , Carruthers Annette , Turner Robin , Louwe Kooijmans Leendert P , Stell Evelyn
Published: April 2023

Five lecture summaries:The evidence of finds for the circulation and use of coins in medieval ScotlandArchitecture, Nature and Magic: some house restoration projects in Scotland by Arts and Crafts designersThe archaeology of gardens and designed landscapes in the National Trust for ScotlandHardinxveld, 5500–4450 cal BC. Recent excavation of two hunting-fishing sites in the wetlands of the Rhine Delta, The NetherlandsScottish instrumental music 1603-1707
The architectural evolution of Innes House, Moray
Authors: McKean Charles
Published: April 2023

Documentary evidence appears to date the construction of Innes House, near Elgin, to c 1640, whereas a drawing of c 1590 implies there was a castle on the site some 50 years earlier. This paper seeks to resolve that paradox by dissecting Innes through documents and drawings, correlated with a minute study of its fabric through a sequential examination of its principal structural components; and, by doing so, evaluating the extent that information gleaned from a building’s fabric can supplement, support or deny documentary history.
Lecture Summaries 2002-2003
Authors: Rodger Richard , Pearson Michael Parker , Campbell Ewan
Published: April 2023

Three lecture summaries:The making of classical EdinburghBodies under the floor: prehistoric roundhouse life at Cladh Hallan, South UistNew work on the origins of the Scots of Dál Riata
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 133

Table of Contents

Editorial Board for the Proceedings, 2002-3

Society Publications, 2002-3

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 2002-3

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2002-3

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
A possible 17th-century Scottish merchants' booth at Eastshore, Dunrossness, Shetland
Authors: Melton Nigel D
Published: April 2023

The paper identifies and describes a building at Brough Head, Eastshore, Dunrossness, Shetland and suggests that it is likely to be a seventeenth-century Scottish merchants' booth. Documentary evidence for the activities of Scottish merchants at Eastshore in the seventeenth century is outlined in order to present a context for the possible identification of the building.
Hidden depths: thirty years of archaeology in Scottish towns
Authors: Thoms Lisbeth M
Published: April 2023

Overview of the development of urban archaeology in Scotland from the early 1970s to 2004.
Excavations at an early medieval cemetery at Stromness, Orkney
Authors: Stevens Tim , Melikian Melissa , Grieve Sarah Jane
Published: April 2023

Report on the excavation in 2002, in advance of construction work, of a cemetery at the Bu of Cairston. The site was situated on a headland known as Bu Point, 2km east of Stromness on the Orkney Mainland. A number of pre-cemetery features were identified at the site; these included a Neolithic gully with associated post-holes, a palaeochannel, a buried soil horizon and several rubble spreads. Excavations revealed a cemetery of thirteenth- to fourteenth-century date. A total of 109 inhumations, and a further fifteen probable graves, were recorded on the site. The dating and archaeological evidence for the cemetery suggests a Christian context. The burials were supine on an east-west alignment with no associated grave goods or markers. Six individuals were buried in cist-like structures and five were buried in wooden coffins. It is though that the original parish church of Stromness was located at the Bu of Cairston, before the parish church was moved to St Peter's in Outertown in the seventeenth century. It is probable that the cemetery excavated at Cairston was that associated with the parish church. Includes
Leslie Alcock
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T
Published: April 2023

Professor Leslie Alcock will probably be most widely remembered for his book Arthur’s Britain – which made a lasting impact on the scholarly community and was hugely popular – and for his excavations at the hillfort of South Cadbury-Camelot, Somerset, which attracted world-wide media attention.
Annual Report for the year 2005-2006
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Research grants, events, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the report on the Society’s finances. The Council for the following session was elected, as were new applicants for Fellowship. A list of Fellows who died during 2004-2005 is included. The President's Address was then delivered.
A pernicious and wicked custom: corporate responses to lock picking in the Scottish town, 1488 -1788
Authors: Allen Aaron M
Published: April 2023

While the use of lock picking for criminal purposes was not confined to towns, there were several specifically urban, unique responses to it from the craft guilds of Scotland’s burghs. In an urban context, the prevention of lock picking can be seen to have depended largely on a framework of corporatism. This article examines how security was provided, the role of locks in the urban environment, the deficiencies of lock technology, and the exploits of the infamous Deacon Brodie. While it was impossible to make a pick-proof, warded lock, the incorporations did what they could to contain this ‘pernicious and wicked custom’.
Turning in circles: a new assessment of the Neolithic timber circles of Scotland
Authors: Millican Kirsty
Published: April 2023

The large and growing number of timber circles recorded in Scotland as cropmarks on aerial photographs testifies to the important part they must have played in the later Neolithic monumental repertoire. However, this record of plough-levelled sites remains poorly understood, partly due to the problems involved in the interpretation of timber circles from cropmarks and the limited research that has taken place. In addition, it is rarely integrated with evidence from excavations. This paper, based upon research undertaken in 2003 for a Masters dissertation (Millican 2003) and recently updated, is an attempt to remedy this imbalance and outlines the current evidence for timber circles in Scotland and the new insight this provides into these enigmatic sites.
Ian Alexander George Shepherd
Authors: Ralston Ian
Published: April 2023

Ian Shepherd, the doyen of the Scottish Local authority archaeologists, and an unrivalled authority on the archaeology and architecture of North-East Scotland and internationally respected Bronze Age specialist, died in his adopted city of Aberdeen at the early age of 58.
The Roman Gask system fortlet of Glenbank, Perthshire
Authors: Woolliscroft David J , Hoffmann Birgitta
Published: April 2023

A geophysical survey and excavations in 1984 and 1999 confirmed the identification of the suspected Roman Gask system fortlet of Glenbank. The site was extremely poor in finds, but there was circumstantial evidence that it belonged to the Flavian tower chain rather than the Antonine reoccupation of the Gask forts. A number of nearby ring features seen beside the Roman road from the air were investigated in an attempt to trace the Gask line farther to the south-west, but appeared to be prehistoric in nature.
Long-term Risk of Epilepsy Following Invasive Group B Streptococcus Disease in Neonates in Denmark
Authors: Lykke Malene Risager , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Lawn Joy Elisabeth , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet
Published: April 2023

Importance

The risk of epilepsy after neonatal invasive Group B Streptococcus (iGBS) disease, particularly iGBS sepsis, is poorly understood.

Objective

To examine the association between neonatal iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) and long-term risk of epilepsy, stratified by sex, prematurity, and maternal socioeconomic position (SEP).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cohort study was conducted in Denmark with an inclusion period from 1997 through 2017 and follow-up until the end of 2018. A general population comparison cohort was randomly sampled and matched up to 10:1 to the exposed cohort. Linkage between Danish national registers were applied for data collection. Participants were infants aged 0 to 89 days. The general population comparison cohort was matched by sex, the child’s year and month of birth, and gestational age. SEP was defined by maternal income and education.

Exposure

Hospital-diagnosed iGBS (sepsis or meningitis) during the first 89 days after birth.

Outcomes and measures

Epilepsy was defined by International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes and/or prescription codes for antiepileptic drugs using Danish medical registry data. Cumulative risk (CR) of epilepsy was calculated by treating death as a competing event. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios with 95% CIs. Effect modification by sex, prematurity, and maternal SEP was assessed on an additive scale.

Results

A total of 1432 children (792 [55.3%] boys; 1126 [78.6%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks) were identified with iGBS disease: 1264 with sepsis and 168 with meningitis. In the comparison cohort, there were 14 211 children (7869 [55.4%] boys; 11 260 [79.2%] with gestational age ≥37 weeks). The overall (0 to 22 years) CR of epilepsy was 3.6% (95% CI, 2.6%-5.0%) in children with iGBS disease and 2.3% (95% CI, 1.9%-2.7%) in the comparison cohort. The overall CR of epilepsy for iGBS meningitis was 15.1% (95% CI, 8.9%-22.8%) and 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.4%) for iGBS sepsis. The adjusted hazard ratio for epilepsy in children with iGBS disease was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.46-2.85). Being a boy, born premature, or born to a mother belonging to a low SEP group was associated with an increased risk of epilepsy in later childhood.

Conclusion

In this population-based cohort study of 1432 neonates, iGBS disease was associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy in later childhood, notably after meningitis. Premature birth, sex, and low maternal SEP modified the association.
Association of Statin Use With Cancer- and Noncancer-Associated Survival Among Patients With Breast Cancer in Asia
Authors: Chang Wei-Ting , Lin Hui-Wen , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Li Yi-Heng
Published: April 2023

Importance

In addition to protective effects on the cardiovascular system, statins may reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence owing to potential anti-inflammatory benefits. Given that patients with breast cancer in Asia are relatively younger at diagnosis and most are free from traditional cardiovascular risk factors, it is uncertain whether the use of statins can improve survival.

Objective

To investigate the association of statin use with cancer- and noncancer-associated survival in patients with breast cancer.

Design, Setting and Participants

This cohort study used the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database and National Cancer Registry to identify patients diagnosed with breast cancer from January 2012 to December 2017. Age, cancer stage, anticancer therapies, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, and cardiovascular drugs were matched by propensity score method. Statistical analyses, including Cox proportional hazards models, were performed from June 2022 to February 2023. The mean (SD) follow-up duration was 4.10 (2.96) years.

Interventions

Patients receiving statins within 6 months before the diagnosis of breast cancer were compared with those not receiving statins.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included death, heart failure, and arterial and venous events.

Results

Overall, 7451 patients (mean [SD] age, 64.3 [9.4] years) treated with statins were matched with 7451 nonusers (mean [SD] age, 65.8 [10.8] years). Compared with nonusers, statin users had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.91; P < .001). Notably, the risk reduction was mainly attributed to cancer-related death (adjusted HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75-0.92; P < .001). Only a small number of patients died of cardiovascular causes, and the ratios were similar between statin users and nonusers. No significant differences were observed in cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure and arterial and venous events, between statin users and nonusers. Using a time-dependent analysis, statin users also presented a significantly lower risk of cancer-related death (adjusted HR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.24-0.32; P < .001) than nonusers, and notably, the risk was even lower in high-dose statin (HDS) users compared with non-HDS users (HDS users: adjusted HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73-0.98; P = .002; non-HDS users: adjusted HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.68-0.91; P = 001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of Asian patients with breast cancer, statin use was associated with a reduced risk of cancer-associated death rather than cardiovascular death. Our findings provide evidence to support the use of statins in patients with breast cancer; however, randomized studies are necessary.
OPCs supported by and working with OTPs
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

Despite criticism from opioid prevention centers (OPCs) that their clients have been disserved by an overly restrictive treatment system for opioid use disorders (OUDs), the very programs that specialize in OUD treatment not only support the centers, but are working closely with them, ADAW has learned.
Analysis: Buprenorphine and methadone should be available in corrections
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: April 2023

An analysis based on a simulation model suggests that making all three medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) available to incarcerated individuals pays off in reduced overdose deaths and is more effective and cost‐effective than many correctional systems' preferred strategy of making only extended‐release naltrexone available in prison and jail settings.
Masimo “Halo” gets FDA go‐ahead for OTC and Rx
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

Four years ago, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) awarded eight companies “Innovation Challenge” grants to spur the development of medical devices that would prevent and treat opioid use disorder (OUD) (see https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32191). This month, the FDA cleared the Masimo Opioid Halo — the first winner of the challenge — for over‐the‐counter availability for use on adults and children aged 15 and older, and a prescription version for use from a health care provider.
NIDA study finds link between ADHD stimulant medication and stimulant misuse
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

Researchers at the University of Michigan have found a strong association between prevalence of prescription stimulant therapy for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and rates of prescription stimulant misuse according to a study published last week in JAMA Network Open. The study, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and part of the Monitoring the Future database, highlights the need for schools to make sure students don't share their medication, according to NIDA.
Identification and Characteristics of Novel Mutations in Nonsyndromic Monogenic Obesity
Authors: Shi Ping , Shi Yingzhou , Liu Xin , Wang Shuping , Yuan Jiaxin , Zhao Wanyi , Fang Li , Wang Runbo , Yan Fang , Xu Chao
Published: April 2023

Nonsyndromic monogenic obesity (NSMO) is a class of individual obesity that is independent of the environment and caused by a single gene mutation. It is mostly caused by mutations in LEP, LEPR, PCSK1, as well as some rare mutations in UCP3, NR0B2, and PPARG. Among 30 obesity patients, five patients are identified with positive gene detection. For the first time, the c.624C>T mutation associated with PCSK1, and the c.50G>A and c.293_301delinsAC mutations associated with NR0B2, as well as the obesity phenotype mutation (c.284A>G) associated with PPARG is confirmed. Following this, the genotype‐clinical phenotype, mutation hotspots, and mutation distributions of each gene are summarized, and the genetic characteristics of NSMO are analyzed. The locations of mutation c.50G>A, and c.284A>G are highly conserved according to the sequencing alignment. According to the findings, the c.624C>T mutation in PCSK1 is a newly discovered synonymous mutation, but it can result in significant early‐onset obesity. Additionally, the mutation of c.284A>G(PPARG) can lead to a variety of clinical phenotypes and the mutation of UCP3 and NR0B2 may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study enriches the human NSMO gene mutation database and provides a scientific basis for clinically accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Stopping Voltage‐Dependent PCM and RRAM‐Based Neuromorphic Characteristics of Germanium Telluride
Authors: Abbas Yawar , Ansari Sumayya M. , Taha Inas , Abunahla Heba , Khan Muhammad Umair , Rezeq Moh'd , Aldosari Haila M. , Mohammad Baker
Published: April 2023

Recently, phase change chalcogenides, such as monochalcogenides, are reported as switching materials for conduction‐bridge‐based memristors. However, the switching mechanism focused on the formation and rupture of an Ag filament during the SET and RESET, neglecting the contributions of the phase change phenomenon and the distribution and re‐distribution of germanium vacancies defects. The different thicknesses of germanium telluride (GeTe)‐based Ag/GeTe/Pt devices are investigated and the effectiveness of phase loops and defect loops future application in neuromorphic computing are explored. GeTe‐based devices with thicknesses of 70, 100, and 200 nm, are fabricated and their electrical characteristics are investigated. Highly reproducible phase change and defect‐based characteristics for a 100 nm‐thick GeTe device are obtained. However, 70 and 200 nm‐thick devices are unfavorable for the reliable memory characteristics. Upon further analysis of the Ag/GeTe/Pt device with 100 nm of GeTe, it is discovered that a state‐of‐the‐art dependency of phase loops and defect loops exists on the starting and stopping voltage sweeps applied on the top Ag electrode. These findings allow for a deeper understanding of the switching mechanism of monochalcogenide‐based conduction‐bridge memristors.
Antioxidant High‐Conductivity Copper Pastes Based on Core–Shell Copper Nanoparticles for Flexible Printed Electronics
Authors: Wang Lijing , Xia Fen , Xu Wangshu , Wang Guanghua , Hong Shuqing , Cheng Fangwen , Wu Binghui , Zheng Nanfeng
Published: April 2023

As a nontoxic and cost‐effective material, copper pastes have attracted great attention in both academia and industry. However, achieving the long‐term stability of copper pastes remains challenging due to their susceptibility to oxidation. Therefore, stable copper nanoparticles with a Cu(0)–Cu(I) core–shell structure containing a surface passivation layer of formate ions‐involved Cu(I) coordination polymers are developed. Based on the self‐reducing nature of the passivation layer, the nanoparticle‐based copper pastes can be sintered in <1 min, showing high electrical conductivity (220 000 S cm−1), mechanical flexibility, and long‐term stability after sintering. The excellent properties of the developed copper pastes are even comparable with the ones of silver pastes. These stable copper pastes have broad applications in printed electronics (e.g., glucose sensors, RFID tags, and electromagnetic shielding films), showing great potential in the fabrication of flexible printed electronics.
Solid‐Like Slippery Coating with Highly Comprehensive Performance
Authors: Pan Weihao , Wang Qiulin , Ma Jun , Xu Wen , Sun Jing , Liu Xin , Song Jinlong
Published: April 2023

Many solar‐power and wind‐power devices in the world urgently demand self‐cleaning and de‐icing surfaces to ensure stable power generation. However, existing superhydrophobic surfaces and slippery liquid‐infused porous surfaces with self‐cleaning and de‐icing functions are difficult to apply due to various defects. Herein, a novel solid‐like slippery coating (SSC) is developed by constructing a smooth epoxy resin surface embedded with oil‐stored silica nanoparticles. The SSC has excellent water‐slippery capability to various water‐based liquids with low to super‐high viscosity, excellent durability and robustness, high hardness, strong adhesive strength to substrate, good optical transparency, and easy fabrication processes. This SSC also has remarkable non‐sticking, self‐cleaning, and de‐icing performances, showing promising practical applications in solar and wind power.
RNA‐Cleaving DNAzyme‐Based Amplification Strategies for Biosensing and Therapy
Authors: Su Jiaxin , Sun Chenyang , Du Jinya , Xing Xiaotong , Wang Fang , Dong Haifeng
Published: April 2023

Since their first discovery in 1994, DNAzymes have been extensively applied in biosensing and therapy that act as recognition elements and signal generators with the outstanding properties of good stability, simple synthesis, and high sensitivity. One subset, RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes, is widely employed for diverse applications, including as reporters capable of transmitting detectable signals. In this review, the recent advances of RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme‐based amplification strategies in scaled‐up biosensing are focused, the application in diagnosis and disease treatment are also discussed. Two major types of RNA‐cleaving DNAzyme‐based amplification strategies are highlighted, namely direct response amplification strategies and combinational response amplification strategies. The direct response amplification strategies refer to those based on novel designed single‐stranded DNAzyme, and the combinational response amplification strategies mainly include two‐part assembled DNAzyme, cascade reactions, CHA/HCR/RCA, DNA walker, CRISPR‐Cas12a and aptamer. Finally, the current status of DNAzymes, the challenges, and the prospects of DNAzyme‐based biosensors are presented.
A‐to‐I RNA Editing in Klebsiella pneumoniae Regulates Quorum Sensing and Affects Cell Growth and Virulence
Authors: Yang Xin‐Zhuang , Sun Tian‐Shu , Jia Pei‐Yao , Li Sheng‐Jie , Li Xiao‐Gang , Shi Yanan , Li Xue , Gao Haotian , Yin Huabing , Jia Xin‐Miao , Yang Qiwen
Published: April 2023

Millions of adenosine (A) to inosine (I) RNA editing events are reported and well‐studied in eukaryotes; however, many features and functions remain unclear in prokaryotes. By combining PacBio Sequel, Illumina whole‐genome sequencing, and RNA Sequencing data of two Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with different virulence, a total of 13 RNA editing events are identified. The RNA editing event of badR is focused, which shows a significant difference in editing levels in the two K. pneumoniae strains and is predicted to be a transcription factor. A hard‐coded Cys is mutated on DNA to simulate the effect of complete editing of badR. Transcriptome analysis identifies the cellular quorum sensing (QS) pathway as the most dramatic change, demonstrating the dynamic regulation of RNA editing on badR related to coordinated collective behavior. Indeed, a significant difference in autoinducer 2 activity and cell growth is detected when the cells reach the stationary phase. Additionally, the mutant strain shows significantly lower virulence than the WT strain in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Furthermore, RNA editing regulation of badR is highly conserved across K. pneumoniae strains. Overall, this work provides new insights into posttranscriptional regulation in bacteria.
Deciphering the Molecular Characteristics of Human Idiopathic Nonobstructive Azoospermia from the Perspective of Germ Cells
Authors: Chen Yidong , Liu Xixi , Zhang Li , Zhu Feiyin , Yan Liying , Tang Wenhao , Zhang Zhe , Liu Qiang , Jiang Hui , Qiao Jie
Published: April 2023

Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) is one of the most important causes of male infertility, accounting for 10–15% of infertile men worldwide. Among these, more than 70% of cases are idiopathic NOA (iNOA), whose pathogenesis and molecular basis remain unknown. This work profiles 3696 human testicular single‐cell transcriptomes from 17 iNOA patients, which are classified into four classes with different arrest periods and variable cell proportions based on the gene expression patterns and pathological features. Genes related to the cell cycle, energy production, and gamete generation show obvious abnormalities in iNOA germ cells. This work identifies several candidate causal genes for iNOA, including CD164, LELP1, and TEX38, which are significantly downregulated in iNOA germ cells. Notably, CD164 knockdown promotes apoptosis in spermatogonia. Cellular communications between spermatogonial stem cells and Sertoli cells are disturbed in iNOA patients. Moreover, BOD1L2, C1orf194, and KRTCAP2 are found to indicate testicular spermatogenic capacity in a variety of testicular diseases, such as Y‐chromosome microdeletions and Klinefelter syndrome. In general, this study analyzes the pathogenesis of iNOA from the perspective of germ cell development, transcription factor (TF) regulatory networks, as well as germ cell and somatic cell interactions, which provides new ideas for clinical diagnosis.
MOF‐on‐MOF‐Derived Hollow Co3O4/In2O3 Nanostructure for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Han Cheng , Zhang Xiaodeng , Huang Shengsheng , Hu Yue , Yang Zhi , Li Ting‐Ting , Li Qipeng , Qian Jinjie
Published: April 2023

The photocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon‐based fuels or chemicals using sustainable solar energy is considered an ideal strategy for simultaneously alleviating the energy shortage and environmental crises. However, owing to the low energy utilization of sunlight and inferior catalytic activity, the conversion efficiency of CO2 photoreduction is far from satisfactory. In this study, a MOF‐derived hollow bimetallic oxide nanomaterial is prepared for the efficient photoreduction of CO2. First, a unique ZIF‐67‐on‐InOF‐1 heterostructure is successfully obtained by growing a secondary Co‐based ZIF‐67 onto the initial InOF‐1 nanorods. The corresponding hollow counterpart has a larger specific surface area after acid etching, and the oxidized bimetallic H‐Co3O4/In2O3 material exhibits abundant heterogeneous interfaces that expose more active sites. The energy band structure of H‐Co3O4/In2O3 corresponds well with the photosensitizer of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2, which results in a high CO yield of 4828 ± 570 µmol h−1 g−1 and stable activity over a consecutive of six runs, demonstrating adequate photocatalytic performance. This study demonstrates that the rational design of MOF‐on‐MOF heterostructures can completely exploit the synergistic effects between different components, which may be extended to other MOF‐derived nanomaterials as promising catalysts for practical energy conversion and storage.