bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historical total ozone radiative forcing derived from CMIP6 simulations
Authors: Skeie Ragnhild Bieltvedt , Myhre Gunnar , Hodnebrog Øivind , Cameron-Smith Philip J. , Deushi Makoto , Hegglin Michaela I. , Horowitz Larry W. , Kramer Ryan J. , Michou Martine , Mills Michael J. , Olivié Dirk J. L. , Connor Fiona M. O’ , Paynter David , Samset Bjørn H. , Sellar Alistair , Shindell Drew , Takemura Toshihiko , Tilmes Simone , Wu Tongwen
Published: August 2020

Radiative forcing (RF) time series for total ozone from 1850 up to the present day are calculated based on historical simulations of ozone from 10 climate models contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In addition, RF is calculated for ozone fields prepared as an input for CMIP6 models without chemistry schemes and from a chemical transport model simulation. A radiative kernel for ozone is constructed and used to derive the RF. The ozone RF in 2010 (2005–2014) relative to 1850 is 0.35 W m−2 [0.08–0.61] (5–95% uncertainty range) based on models with both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry. One of these models has a negative present-day total ozone RF. Excluding this model, the present-day ozone RF increases to 0.39 W m−2 [0.27–0.51] (5–95% uncertainty range). The rest of the models have RF close to or stronger than the RF time series assessed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in the fifth assessment report with the primary driver likely being the new precursor emissions used in CMIP6. The rapid adjustments beyond stratospheric temperature are estimated to be weak and thus the RF is a good measure of effective radiative forcing.
Neglecting irrigation contributes to the simulated summertime warm-and-dry bias in the central United States
Authors: Qian Yun , Yang Zhao , Feng Zhe , Liu Ying , Gustafson William I. , Berg Larry K. , Huang Maoyi , Yang Ben , Ma Hsi-Yen
Published: August 2020

A vast number of weather forecast and climate models have a common warm-and-dry bias, accompanied by the underestimation of evapotranspiration and overestimation of surface net radiation, over the central United States during boreal summer. Various theories have been proposed to explain these biases, but no studies have linked the biases with the missing representation of human perturbations, such as irrigation. Here we argue that neglecting the impact of irrigation contributes to the longstanding warm surface temperature and lack of precipitation biases over this region. By using convection-permitting multi-season simulations over the contiguous United States coupled with an operational-like irrigation scheme, we show that irrigation increases surface evapotranspiration and decreases surface temperature by increasing evaporative fraction. By increasing the frequency of mesoscale convective systems, irrigation reduces the summertime model precipitation deficit and improves the simulated precipitation diurnal cycle over the Great Plains. The increased precipitation also alleviates the warm bias in our simulation setup, likely by damping the positive feedback between soil moisture and temperature.
Microfluidic label-free bioprocessing of human reticulocytes from erythroid culture
Authors: Zeming Kerwin Kwek , Sato Yuko , Yin Lu , Huang Nai-Jia , Wong Lan Hiong , Loo Hooi Linn , Lim Ying Bena , Lim Chwee Teck , Chen Jianzhu , Preiser Peter R. , Han Jongyoon
Published: August 2020

Developments in Dean flow fractionation (DFF) and deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) for label-free purification of cultured RBCs from human hematopoietic stem cells. An advancement in sorting and closed-loop manufacturing of viable human RBCs.
Spectral energy analysis of bulk three-dimensional active nematic turbulence
Authors: Krajnik Žiga , Kos Žiga , Ravnik Miha
Published: August 2020

Energy spectrum analysis of 3D active nematic turbulence is perfomed and combined with geometrical analysis of ordering and flow fields.
More than skin deep: using polymers to facilitate topical delivery of nitric oxide
Authors: Oliver Susan , Pham Thi Thu Phuong , Li Yang , Xu Fu-Jian , Boyer Cyrille
Published: August 2020

Polymers can facilitate delivery of nitric oxide, improving stability and control of release for effective treatment of common skin disorders.
Imidazole modified Pt(iv) prodrug-loaded multi-stage pH responsive nanoparticles to overcome cisplatin resistance
Authors: Kang Xiaoxu , Wang Yushu , Chen Zhigang , Wu Yixin , Chen Hao , Yang Xi , Yu Changyuan
Published: August 2020

An imidazole modified Pt(iv) prodrug with a long lipid tail can assemble into multi-stage pH responsive nanoparticlesviaelectrostatic complexation with a negatively charged hydrophilic polymer.
Magnetic metal phenolic networks: expanding the application of a promising nanoprobe to phosphoproteomics research
Authors: Chu Huimin , Zheng Haoyang , Yao Jizong , Sun Nianrong , Yan Guoquan , Deng Chunhui
Published: August 2020

Ti–tannic acid modified Fe3O4 was prepared through a facile, mild and eco-friendly synthesis procedure and can be applied to identify phosphopeptides from HeLa cell extracts with high efficiency.
Stabilizing black phosphorus via inorganic small-molecular H3BO3
Authors: Shi Fangbing , Dong Xuanchen , Huang Keke , Geng Zhibin , Wang Xiyang , Yang Xiaotian , Wang Chao , Zhang Wei , Feng Shouhua
Published: August 2020

P–O → B coordination in H3BO3@BP can effectively protect BP from water and concurrently preserve the underlying BP with its intrinsic properties.
Water-assisted one-pot synthesis of N-doped carbon supported Ru catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Cao Yueling , Zhang Hepeng , Liu Kangkai , Chen Kai-Jie
Published: August 2020

A water-assisted one-pot pyrolysis (WAOP) method was developed to fabricate N-doped carbon supported Ru catalysts for quinoline hydrogenation for the first time.
Facile and selective synthesis of zeolites L and W from a single-source heptanuclear aluminosilicate precursor
Authors: Imaizumi Akira , Nakada Akinobu , Matsumoto Takeshi , Chang Ho-Chol
Published: August 2020

Zeolites L and W were synthesized for the first time from a heptanuclear aluminosilicate complex as a single-source molecular precursor, highlighting the potential versatility of this approach toward the synthesis of a variety of zeolites.
Hydration interactions beyond the first solvation shell in aqueous phenolate solution
Authors: Cota Roberto , Tiwari Ambuj , Ensing Bernd , Bakker Huib J. , Woutersen Sander
Published: August 2020

We investigate the orientational dynamics of water molecules solvating phenolate ions using ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory-based molecular dynamics simulations.
Effect of water on the oxidation of CO by a Criegee intermediate
Authors: Kumar Amit , Mallick Subhasish , Kumar Pradeep
Published: August 2020

The present work employs the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory to investigate the effect of a water monomer and dimer on the oxidation of carbon-monoxide by a Criegee intermediate (CH2OO).
Magnetism, half-metallicity, and topological signatures in Fe2−xVxPO5 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) materials: a potential class of advanced spintronic materials
Authors: He Tingli , Zhang Xiaoming , Jin Lei , Meng Weizhen , Shen Xunan , Wang Liying , Dai Xuefang , Liu Guodong
Published: August 2020

Fe2−xVxPO5 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) materials simultaneously exhibit rich magnetic and topological characters, which are superior for spintronic applications.
Influence of gas impurities on the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol using indium-based catalysts
Authors: Schühle Patrick , Schmidt Maximilian , Schill Leonhard , Riisager Anders , Wasserscheid Peter , Albert Jakob
Published: August 2020

In this study, the performance of an In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is reported in the presence of typical impurities of industrial CO2 feed gas streams.
Dynamic charge transfer through Fermi level equilibration in the p-CuFe2O4/n-NiAl LDH interface towards photocatalytic application
Authors: Das Snehaprava , Patnaik Sulagna , Parida Kulamani
Published: August 2020

The Ni Al LDH–CuFe2O4 p–n heterojunction, through vacuum energy level bending, inhibits electron hole recombination and enhances photocatalytic activity.
Unexpected photoactivation pathways in a folate-receptor-targeted trans-diazido Pt(iv) anticancer pro-drug
Authors: Gandioso Albert , Rovira Anna , Shi Huayun , Sadler Peter J. , Marchán Vicente
Published: August 2020

Photoactivation of a conjugate between a photoactive trans-diazido Pt(iv) pro-drug and folic acid generates different cytotoxic species, including Pt(ii) photoproducts and pterin derivatives.
3D hierarchical defect-rich C@MoS2nanosheet arrays developed on montmorillonite with enhanced performance in Pb(ii) removal
Authors: Tan Lin , Liu Yunsong , Meng Fanling , Wu Pengfei , Xia Yunxue , Tang Yuanyuan
Published: August 2020

A novel C@MoS2/MMT composite was prepared with 3D hierarchical superstructures for selective Pb(ii) removal, with ∼95% of Pb(ii) ions adsorbed in the presence of various competing ions.
A novel flower-like Z-type heterojunction CuS/Bi7O9I3 composite catalyst prepared under mild conditions for degradation of antibiotics and sterilization under visible light
Authors: Yang Ruixiang , Li Hongjuan , Wang Yatao , Zhu Zhijia , Hu Chunyan , Zhao Tao , Wang Wei , Liu Baojiang
Published: August 2020

The Z-type heterojunction CuS/Bi7O9I3 composite catalyst prepared at low temperature has high-efficiency antibiotic photocatalytic degradation, photothermal synergy and antibacterial properties.
Polysaccharides from fermentedAsparagus officinaliswithLactobacillus plantarumNCU116 alleviated liver injuryviamodulation of glutathione homeostasis, bile acid metabolism, and SCFA production
Authors: Zhang Zhihong , Fan Songtao , Huang Danfei , Xiong Tao , Nie Shaoping , Xie Mingyong
Published: August 2020

FAOP showed superior performance by promoting GSH biosynthesis, normalizing the expression level of bile acid receptors and related enzymes, and upregulating hepatic SCFA receptors and fecal SCFA production.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilisL.) shell extract alleviates hypertension in association with the regulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Li Pan , Cai Xin , Xiao Nan , Ma Xiaowei , Zeng Liping , Zhang Lian-Hui , Xie Lanhua , Du Bing
Published: August 2020

SISE effectively alleviates hypertension in association with the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolome, inhibition of oxidative damage, and remodeling of renal Ca2+signaling.
Endogenous X–CO species enable catalyst-free formylation prerequisite for CO2 reductive upgrading
Authors: Wu Hongguo , Dai Wenshuai , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Li Hu , Yang Song
Published: August 2020

A catalyst-free formylation protocol developed herein is efficient for reductive upgrading of CO2 to formic acid and N-containing benzoheterocyclics, in which endogenous X–CO species play a crucial role in the overall reaction processes.
Cold atmospheric plasma cancer treatment, direct versus indirect approaches
Authors: Malyavko Alisa , Yan Dayun , Wang Qihui , Klein Andrea L. , Patel Khyati C. , Sherman Jonathan H. , Keidar Michael
Published: August 2020

This review summarized the unique cellular responses to the direct CAP treatment on cancer cells.
Protein–inorganic nano hybrid sheets of Pd embedded BSA as a robust catalyst in water for oxidase mimic activity and C–C coupling reactions, and as a sustainable material for micromolar sensing of dopamine
Authors: Polepalli Sirilata , Uttam Bhawna , Rao Chebrolu Pulla
Published: August 2020

A new nano-hybrid sheet material using palladium and BSA protein (Pd_NP@BSAsheet) was developed as a sustainable catalyst for C–C coupling reactions in water, as an oxidase enzyme mimic and for the detection of dopamine in buffer, human serum and urine.
Effect of high energy proton irradiation on MAPbI3 films for space applications observed by micro-Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Herrera Martínez Walter O. , Giudici Paula , Correa Guerrero Natalia B. , Ibarra M. Luján , Perez M. Dolores
Published: August 2020

10 MeV proton irradiation of a MAPbI3 thin film causes PbO formation when the surface is exposed to an O2 atmosphere.
An ionic liquid as a green solvent for high potency synthesis of 2D covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Zhao Limin , Liu Huimin , Du Yue , Liang Xiang , Wang Wenju , Zhao Hui , Li Wenzhi
Published: August 2020

The PXRD and simulated profiles of PMDA–TAPA (a) and TFP–EB (b).
Novel phenyl and thiophene dispiro indenoquinoxaline pyrrolidine quinolones induced apoptosis via G1/S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in MCF-7 cells
Authors: Shyamsivappan Selvaraj , Saravanan Arjunan , Vivek Raju , Suresh Thangaraj , Shankar Ramasamy , Gothandam K. M. , Mohan Palathurai Subramaniam
Published: August 2020

New phenyl and thiophene dispiro indeno quinoxaline pyrrolidine quinolone analogues were synthesized by a one-pot four-component [3+2] cycloaddition reaction between (E)-3-arylidene-2,3-dihydro-8-nitro-4-quinolones, o-phenylenediamine, ninhydrin, and benzylamine/thiophenemethylamine.
Transition-metal-free sulfonylations of methylthiolated alkynones to synthesize 3-sulfonylated thioflavones
Authors: Feng Zhi-Wen , Li Jing , Jiang Yu-Qin , Tian Yu , Xu Gui-Qing , Shi Xin , Ding Qing-Jie , Li Wei , Ma Chun-Hua , Yu Bing
Published: August 2020

A set of transition-metal-free NaI/TBHP-mediated sulfonylation cyclization reactions of methylthiolated alkynones with sulfonyl hydrazides was developed, by which various 3-sulfonylated thioflavones were prepared under mild reaction conditions.
Large scale assembly of nanomaterials: mechanisms and applications
Authors: Yin Jifan , Huang Yuxin , Hameed Saima , Zhou Ruiyun , Xie Lijuan , Ying Yibin
Published: August 2020

Mechanisms and applications of large scale assembly of nanomaterials covering the whole dimensions are elaborated comprehensively.
Fullerene nanoparticles: a promising candidate for the alleviation of silicosis-associated pulmonary inflammation
Authors: Liu Shuai , Chen Daiqin , Li Xue , Guan Mirong , Zhou Yue , Li Lei , Jia Wang , Zhou Chen , Shu Chunying , Wang Chunru , Bai Chunli
Published: August 2020

Pulmonary administration of FNs alleviates silicosis-associated pulmonary inflammation by inhibiting crystalline silica-induced ROS and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Switchable metal–insulator transition in core–shell cluster-assembled nanostructure films
Authors: Jiang Ning , Bai Yulong , Yang Bo , Wang Dezhi , Zhao Shifeng
Published: August 2020

Fe/Fe3O4core-shell cluster-assembled nanostructured films were prepared using the low-energy cluster beam deposition technique.
Absolute handedness control of oligoamide double helices by chiral oxazolylaniline induction
Authors: Yang Ling , Ma Chunmiao , Kauffmann Brice , Li Dongyao , Gan Quan
Published: August 2020

Aromatic oligoamide double helices bearing a chiral oxazolylaniline moiety were synthesized and their helix handedness was completely controlled (de > 99%).
Keto-salicylaldehyde azine: a kind of novel building block for AIEgens and its application in tracking lipid droplets
Authors: Zhou Fan , Zhang Kexin , Li Gaofei , Gui Chen , Hu Rong , Li Shiwu , Wang Zhiming , Zhang Yiyue , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2020

KSA-based fluorescent probes exhibit higher flexibility in tuning emission color and selectivity in LDs, which could be applied as a reporter for monitoring LDs changes in dynamic process and larva zebrafish development.
A review on biological activities of Schiff base, hydrazone, and oxime derivatives of curcumin
Authors: Omidi Sakineh , Kakanejadifard Ali
Published: August 2020

Schiff base, hydrazone, and oxime derivatives of curcumin showed enhanced biological activities.
Exploring the broad nucleotide triphosphate and sugar-1-phosphate specificity of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL from Streptococcus pneumonia serotype 23F
Authors: Li Siqiang , Wang Hong , Jin Guoxia , Chen Zonggang , Gu Guofeng
Published: August 2020

The broad substrate specificities of thymidylyltransferase Cps23FL towards nucleotide triphosphates and sugar-1-phosphates were systemically investigated.
Photocatalytic and bactericidal properties and molecular docking analysis of TiO2nanoparticles conjugated with Zr for environmental remediation
Authors: Ikram M. , Hassan J. , Raza A. , Haider A. , Naz S. , Ul-Hamid A. , Haider J. , Shahzadi I. , Qamar U. , Ali S.
Published: August 2020

Despite implementing several methodologies including a combination of physical, chemical and biological techniques, aquatic and microbial pollution remains a challenge to this day.
Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes: carbon nanorings consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods illustrating partial units of woven patterns
Authors: Zhu Kaige , Kamochi Kosuke , Kodama Takuya , Tobisu Mamoru , Amaya Toru
Published: August 2020

Chiral cyclic [n]spirobifluorenylenes consisting of helically arranged quaterphenyl rods, illustrating partial units of woven patterns, were designed and synthesized as a new family of carbon nanorings.
Extremely low-frequency phonon material and its temperature- and photo-induced switching effects
Authors: Yoshida Takaya , Nakabayashi Koji , Tokoro Hiroko , Yoshikiyo Marie , Namai Asuka , Imoto Kenta , Chiba Kouji , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi
Published: August 2020

Extremely low-frequency optical phonon mode in Rb-intercalated two-dimensional cyanide-bridged Co–W bimetal assembly and its temperature- and photo-induced switching effect.
Stereoretention in styrene heterodimerisation promoted by one-electron oxidants
Authors: Zhang Xinglong , Paton Robert S.
Published: August 2020

A computational study details the mechanism, catalytic cycle and origins of stereoselectivity underlying hole-catalyzed intermolecular alkene heterodimerisation to give unsymmetrical, tetra-substituted cyclobutanes.
Direct observation ofo-benzyne formation in photochemical hexadehydro-Diels–Alder (hν-HDDA) reactions
Authors: Ma Xiaonan , Maier Jan , Wenzel Michael , Friedrich Alexandra , Steffen Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Mitrić Roland , Brixner Tobias
Published: August 2020

We report the transient ultraviolet/visible absorption spectrum of ano-benzyne species in solution for the first time.
The fate of aluminium in (Na,Bi)TiO3-based ionic conductors
Authors: Groszewicz Pedro B. , Koch Leonie , Steiner Sebastian , Ayrikyan Azatuhi , Webber Kyle G. , Frömling Till , Albe Karsten , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: August 2020

The role of [AlTi–VO]˙ associated defects in ionic conduction in Al-doped (Na,Bi)TiO3 is clarified by a combination of impedance analysis, DFT calculations and NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis of polyoxometalate encapsulated in UiO-66(Zr) with hierarchical porosity and double active sites for oxidation desulfurization of fuel oil at room temperature
Authors: Ye Gan , Hu Liangliang , Gu Yulong , Lancelot Christine , Rives Alain , Lamonier Carole , Nuns Nicolas , Marinova Maya , Xu Wei , Sun Yinyong
Published: August 2020

POM/UiO-66(Zr) with hierarchical porosity and double active sites was synthesized by a solvent-free method for oxidation desulfurization of fuel oil.
Hierarchical flower-like Co2TiO4 nanosheets with unique structural and compositional advantages to boost peroxymonosulfate activation for degradation of organic pollutants
Authors: Li Haitao , Wang Hao , Gao Qiang , Han Bo , Xia Kaisheng , Zhou Chenggang
Published: August 2020

Unprecedented nanosheet assembled hierarchical Co2TiO4 microspheres are facilely synthesized, exhibiting three-in-one structural and compositional advantages to boost peroxymonosulfate activation for rapid degradation of antibiotics.
Sn–N/Sn–O interaction improving electron collection in non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Hu Lu , Zhao Nan , Jiang Xueshi , Jiang Youyu , Qin Fei , Sun Lulu , Wang Wen , Zhou Yinhua
Published: August 2020

Modifying SnO2with PEI/PEO to improve the efficiency and stability of non-fullerene organic solar cells.
Influence of nascent polypeptide positive charges on translation dynamics
Authors: Requião Rodrigo D. , Barros Géssica C. , Domitrovic Tatiana , Palhano Fernando L.
Published: August 2020

Protein segments with a high concentration of positively charged amino acid residues are often used in reporter constructs designed to activate ribosomal mRNA/protein decay pathways, such as those involving nonstop mRNA decay (NSD), no-go mRNA decay (NGD) and the ribosome quality control (RQC) complex. It has been proposed that the electrostatic interaction of the positively charged nascent peptide with the negatively charged ribosomal exit tunnel leads to translation arrest. When stalled long enough, the translation process is terminated with the degradation of the transcript and an incomplete protein. Although early experiments made a strong argument for this mechanism, other features associated with positively charged reporters, such as codon bias and mRNA and protein structure, have emerged as potent inducers of ribosome stalling. We carefully reviewed the published data on the protein and mRNA expression of artificial constructs with diverse compositions as assessed in different organisms. We concluded that, although polybasic sequences generally lead to lower translation efficiency, it appears that an aggravating factor, such as a nonoptimal codon composition, is necessary to cause translation termination events.
Profiles of overall survival-related gene expression-based risk signature and their prognostic implications in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: He Zihao , Deng Tuo , Duan Xiaolu , Zeng Guohua
Published: August 2020

The present work aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of overall survival (OS)-related genes in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and to develop a nomogram for clinical use. Transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were collected to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ccRCC patients with OS > 5 years (149 patients) and those with <1 year (52 patients). In TCGA training set (265 patients), seven DEGs (cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 7 (CYP3A7), contactin-associated protein family member 5 (CNTNAP5), adenylate cyclase 2 (ADCY2), TOX high mobility group box family member 3 (TOX3), plasminogen (PLG), enamelin (ENAM), and collagen type VII α 1 chain (COL7A1)) were further selected to build a prognostic risk signature by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model. Survival analysis confirmed that the OS in the high-risk group was dramatically shorter than their low-risk counterparts. Next, univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed the seven genes-based risk score, age, and Tumor, lymph Node, and Metastasis staging system (TNM) stage were independent prognostic factors to OS, based on which a novel nomogram was constructed and validated in both TCGA validation set (265 patients) and the International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort (ICGC, 84 patients). A decent predictive performance of the nomogram was observed, the C-indices and corresponding 95% confidence intervals of TCGA training set, validation set, and ICGC cohort were 0.78 (0.74–0.82), 0.75 (0.70–0.80), and 0.70 (0.60–0.80), respectively. Moreover, the calibration plots of 3- and 5 years survival probability indicated favorable curve-fitting performance in the above three groups. In conclusion, the proposed seven genes signature-based nomogram is a promising and robust tool for predicting the OS of ccRCC, which may help tailor individualized therapeutic strategies.
The effect of copy number on α-synuclein’s toxicity and its protective role in Bax-induced apoptosis, in yeast
Authors: Akintade Damilare D. , Chaudhuri Bhabatosh
Published: August 2020

Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death which is essential for the growth of dividing human cells whereas, in contrast, it is deleterious for post-mitotic cells such as neurons. Bax and α-synuclein are two human proteins which play a role in the induction of neuronal apoptosis in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Human Bax and α-synuclein also induce cell death when expressed in baker’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Quite unexpectedly, the human α-synuclein gene had been identified as an inhibitor of pro-apoptotic Bax using a yeast-based screen of a human hippocampal cDNA library. Plasmids were constructed with different promoters, which allow expression of wildtype and Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related mutant α-synuclein genes, from (i) multi-copy 2µ (episomal) plasmids and (ii) integrative plasmids that compel expression of genes from chromosomal sites in varying copy numbers (1–3). All α-synuclein-containing plasmids were introduced, through transformation, into a yeast strain which already contained a chromosomally integrated copy of Bax. It is for the first time that it was observed that, depending on gene dosage, only wildtype α-synuclein is anti-apoptotic while mutant α-synuclein is not. The results also indicate that wildtype α-synuclein has a remarkable ability to manifest two contrasting effects depending on its level of expression: (i) normally, it would negate apoptosis but (ii) when overexpressed, it tends to induce apoptosis which is probably what happens in PD.
Regions of conformational flexibility in the proprotein convertase PCSK9 and design of antagonists for LDL cholesterol lowering
Authors: Kirchhofer Daniel , Burdick Daniel J. , Skelton Nicholas J. , Zhang Yingnan , Ultsch Mark
Published: August 2020

The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) regulates plasma LDL cholesterol levels by binding to the liver LDL receptor (LDLR) and promoting its degradation. Therefore, PCSK9 has become a compelling new therapeutic target for lipid lowering and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. PCSK9 contains two regions of conformational flexibility, the N-terminal regions of the prodomain and of the catalytic domain. The recognition that the latter region, the so-called P′ helix, is able to transition from an α-helical to a disordered state gave rise to new strategies to develop small molecule inhibitors of PCSK9 for lipid lowering. In the ordered state the P′ helix is buried in a groove of the PCSK9 catalytic domain located next to the main LDLR binding site. The transition to a disordered state leaves the groove site vacated and accessible for compounds to antagonize LDLR binding. By use of a groove-directed phage display strategy we were able to identify several groove-binding peptides. Based on structural information of PCSK9-peptide complexes, a minimized groove-binding peptide was generated and utilized as an anchor to extend towards the adjacent main LDLR binding site, either by use of a phage-displayed peptide extension library, or by appending organic moieties to yield organo-peptides. Both strategies led to antagonists with pharmacologic activities in cell-based assays. The intricate bipartite mechanism of the potent organo-peptide inhibitors was revealed by structural studies, showing that the core peptide occupies the N-terminal groove, while the organic moiety interacts with the LDLR binding site to create antagonism. These findings validate the PCSK9 groove as an attractive target site and should inspire the development of a new class of small molecule antagonists of PCSK9.
Modeling the nucleoporins that form the hairy pores
Authors: Huang Kai , Szleifer Igal
Published: August 2020

Sitting on the nuclear envelope, nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) control the molecular transport between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Without definite open or close states, the NPC uses a family of intrinsically disordered nucleoporins called FG-Nups to construct a selective permeability barrier whose functional structure is unclear. Experimental advances have offered high-resolution molecular knowledge of the NPC scaffold and docking of the unfolded FG-Nups, however, the ‘hairy’ barrier structure still appears as blurred lobes even under the state-of-the-art microscopy. Without accurate experimental visualization, the molecular mechanism for the NPC-mediated transport remains a matter of debate. Modeling provides an alternative way to resolve this long-standing mystery. Here, we briefly review different methods employed in modeling the FG-Nups, arranging from all-atom molecular dynamics to mean-field theories. We discuss the advantage and limit of each modeling technique, and summarize the theoretical insights that, despite certain controversy, deepened our understanding of the hairy pore.
Molecular and pharmacological chaperones for SOD1
Authors: Wright Gareth S.A.
Published: August 2020

The efficacy of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) folding impacts neuronal loss in motor system neurodegenerative diseases. Mutations can prevent SOD1 post-translational processing leading to misfolding and cytoplasmic aggregation in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Evidence of immature, wild-type SOD1 misfolding has also been observed in sporadic ALS, non-SOD1 familial ALS and Parkinson's disease. The copper chaperone for SOD1 (hCCS) is a dedicated and specific chaperone that assists SOD1 folding and maturation to produce the active enzyme. Misfolded or misfolding prone SOD1 also interacts with heat shock proteins and macrophage migration inhibitory factor to aid folding, refolding or degradation. Recognition of specific SOD1 structures by the molecular chaperone network and timely dissociation of SOD1-chaperone complexes are, therefore, important steps in SOD1 processing. Harnessing these interactions for therapeutic benefit is actively pursued as is the modulation of SOD1 behaviour with pharmacological and peptide chaperones. This review highlights the structural and mechanistic aspects of a selection of SOD1-chaperone interactions together with their impact on disease models.
Transplantation of platelet-derived mitochondria alleviates cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in db/db mice
Authors: Ma Hongli , Jiang Tao , Tang Wenxin , Ma Zhi , Pu Kairui , Xu Fuxing , Chang Haiqing , Zhao Ge , Gao Wei , Li Yansong , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2020

Diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) can increase the risk of major cardiovascular events and death. Neuronal functionality is highly dependent on mitochondria and emerging evidence has shown that mitochondrial transplantation is a potential and effective strategy that can reduce brain injury and associated disorders. Platelets are abundant in blood and can be considered a readily available source of small-size mitochondria. These cells can be easily acquired from the peripheral blood with minimal invasion via simple venipuncture. The present study aimed to investigate whether transplantation of platelet-derived mitochondria (Mito-Plt) could improve DACI. Cognitive behaviors were assessed using the Morris water maze test in db/db mice. The results demonstrated that Mito-Plt was internalized into hippocampal neurons 24 h following intracerebroventricular injection. Importantly, one month following Mito-Plt transplantation, DACI was alleviated in db/db mice and the effect was accompanied with increased mitochondrial number, restored mitochondrial function, attenuated oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis, as well as decreased accumulation of Aβ and Tau in the hippocampus. Taken together, the data demonstrated that transplantation of Mito-Plt attenuated cognitive impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in db/db mice. This method may be a potential therapeutic application for the treatment of DACI.
Cygnus survey with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 325 and 610 MHz: the catalog
Authors: Benaglia P. , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Intema H. , Colazo M. E. , Gaikwad M.
Published: August 2020

Context.Observations at the radio continuum band below the gigahertz band are key when the nature and properties of nonthermal sources are investigated because their radio radiation is strongest at these frequencies. The low radio frequency range is therefore the best to spot possible counterparts to very high-energy (VHE) sources: relativistic particles of the same population are likely to be involved in radio and high-energy radiation processes. Some of these counterparts to VHE sources can be stellar sources.

Aims.The Cygnus region in the northern sky is one of the richest in this type of sources that are potential counterparts to VHE sources. We surveyed the central ∼15 sq deg of the Cygnus constellation at the 325 and 610 MHz bands with angular resolutions and sensitivities of 10″ and 6″, and 0.5 and 0.2 mJy beam−1, respectively.

Methods.The data were collected during 172 h in 2013–2017, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope with 32 MHz bandwidth, and were calibrated using the SPAM routines. The source extraction was carried out with the PyBDSF tool, followed by verification through visual inspection of every putative catalog candidate source in order to determine its reliability.

Results.In this first paper we present the catalog of sources, consisting of 1048 sources at 325 MHz and 2796 sources at 610 MHz. By cross-matching the sources from both frequencies with the objects of the SIMBAD database, we found possible counterparts for 143 of them. Most of the sources from the 325-MHz catalog (993) were detected at the 610 MHz band, and their spectral indexαwas computed adoptingS(ν) ∝να. The maximum of the spectral index distribution is atα = −1, which is characteristic of nonthermal emitters and might indicate an extragalactic population.
An extreme ultraluminous X-ray source X-1 in NGC 5055
Authors: Mondal Samaresh , Różańska Agata , Lai Eleonora Veronica , De Marco Barbara
Published: August 2020

Aims. We analysed multi-epoch X-ray data of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5055 X-1, with luminosity up to 2.32 × 1040 erg s−1, to constrain the physical parameters of the source.

Methods. We performed a timing and spectral analysis of Chandra and XMM-Newton observations. We used spectral models that assume the emission is from an accreting black hole system. We fit the data with a multicolour disk combined with a powerlaw or a thermal Comptonization (NTHCOMP) component and compared those fits with a slim disk model.

Results. The light curves of the source do not show significant variability. From the hardness ratios (3–10 keV/0.3–3 keV flux), we infer that the source is not spectrally variable. We found that the photon index is tightly, positively correlated with the unabsorbed 0.3–10 keV flux and the hydrogen column density. Furthermore, the temperature emissivity profile indicates a deviation from the standard sub-Eddington thin disk model. The source shows an inverse correlation between luminosity and inner disk temperature in all fitted models.

Conclusions. Our analysis favours the source to be in an ultraluminous soft state. The positive correlations between the photon index and the flux as well as between the photon index and the hydrogen column density may suggest the source is accreting at high Eddington ratios and might indicate the presence of a wind. The inverse luminosity relation with the inner disk temperature for all spectral models may indicate that the emission is geometrically beamed by an optically thick outflow.
Evaluation of advanced bread spring wheat lines for field and seedling resistance to foliar pathogens
Authors: Gultyaeva Elena I. , Shreyder Ekaterina R. , Kushnirenko Igor’ Yu. , Shaydayuk Ekaterina L. , Kovalenko Nadezhda M.
Published: August 2020

Foliar diseases (rusts and blotches) significantly limit the yield of spring wheat in the Southern Urals. The aim of the research was a comprehensive assessment of 17 promising lines of bread spring wheat, created at the Chelyabinsk Research Institute of Agriculture, for disease resistance and their identification of Lr genes. Resistance to leaf and stem rusts, Paraganospora nodorum leaf blotch and tan spot was studied in the field and laboratory conditions. All studied lines were characterized by high level of resistance to leaf and stem rusts in the seedling and adult plant stages. A wide representation of the LrSp gene (individually or in combination with noneffective genes Lr1, Lr3, Lr10, Lr9), and genes Lr24/Sr24, Lr19/Sr25 and effective combinations of seedling (Lr9 + Lr26/Sr31) and adult plant (Lr34/Sr57 and Lr21) resistance genes was revealed using molecular markers. Multiple resistance to rust and blotches (Paraganospora nodorum leaf blotch and tan spot) was detected in the Ferr. 26768 line. Molecular analysis showed the presence of adult plant resistance genes Lr34/Sr57 + Lr21 in combination with Lr10 gene. Along with diseases resistance, Ferr. 26768 line is promising in terms of a set of economically valuable attributes (lodging resistance, grain quality, yield).
Enhancing of nitrogen fixation by legumes
Authors: Bekuzarova Sarra A. , Kozyrev Aslanbek Kh. , Shabanova Irina A. , Lushenko Geracim V. , Weissfeld Larisa I.
Published: August 2020

To increase the legumes’ nitrogen fixation, the seeds were treated with a mixture of biopreparations of 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) at a concentration of 0.05% aqueous solution, to with adding of “Nikfan” biopreparation in an amount of 0.1% of the solution volume. The seeds of leguminous grasses such as clover and alfalfa were soaked in this mixture, and 10-15 days after emergence of seedlings, foliar feeding of this concentration was carried out. In the phase of budding and the beginning of flowering, plant productivity was accounted and active nodules were counted. We used variants with seed treatment by industrial strains for each culture, as well as without biopreparation treatment, as a control experiment. As a result of the obtained data, it was found that the use of a biopreparations mixture significantly increases the number of nodules, more biological nitrogen is accumulated in the soil, and protein content in the herbage increases. Correlation was established between the number of nodule bacteria and leaf area at the 4th-5th internodes in clover and the 6th-7th in alfalfa.
Study of the effect of associative rhizobacterial strains on the formation of spring durum wheat productivity
Authors: Belyaeva Anna A. , Tkachenko Oksana V. , Burygin Gennady L. , Sundetova Alma G
Published: August 2020

The article considers the influence of strains of associative rhizospheric growth-promoting bacteria on the growth and productivity of spring durum wheat. Seeds before sowing and plants in the tillering phase were inoculated with a suspension of rhizospheric bacteria Azospirillum brasilense of strains Sp245, Sp7, Cd, SR80 and SR88, Ochrobactrum cytisi IPA7.2, Enterobacter cloacae K7. Significant differences were observed in terms of productivity of inoculated wheat plants in comparison with the control. Two strains of bacteria A brasilense SR80, SR88 promoted plant growth. Strains of rhizospheric bacteria A. brasilense Sp245, Sp7, SR80, SR88, and E. cloacae K7 under arid conditions of the Volga’s Left Bank of the Saratov Region contributed to an increase in the photo synthetic surface of leaves and the productivity of photosynthesis, which affected the formation of spring durum wheat productivity. Strains of rhizospheric bacteria A brasilense Sp245 and Sp7 positively affected the grain quality. Agrobiotechnology based on associative microsymbionts can be used to optimize environmentally sound technologies for the production of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) in the organic farming system.
Virtual pole method applied at the profiling of the gear shaped cutter tool for generating a K-type bore
Authors: Costin Georgiana Alexandra , Teodor Virgil Gabriel
Published: August 2020

The “virtual pole” method allows profiling of the cutting tools that generate by rolling. This mode of generation is advantageous in terms of the accuracy of the geometric shape obtained. The mentioned method combines the analytical accuracy of profiling with a simplified calculation mode, compared to the established algorithms. The paper presents an application made on the basis of the “virtual pole” method, for the profiling of the gear shaped tool, designed to generate the bore of a bush with a K-profile. Based on this methodology, in house software was developed for the type of profile mentioned above. The program allows the numerical and graphical representation of the profile to be generated, the contact curve and the profile of the generating tool.
The Study of a Control Signal’s Phase Shift Influence on the Efficiency of a System for Active Vibration Damping Based on MFC Piezoelectric Transducers
Authors: Płaczek Marek
Published: August 2020

Active vibration damping of mechanical systems based on applications of smart materials has a large application potential and is getting more and more popular. In active vibration systems the fast response of actuators to the signals generated by sensors is one of the most important element that decides of the system’s efficiency because the idea is to generate force by active elements that will suppress the vibrations detected by the sensors. In this paper results of laboratory tests of a control signal’s phase shift influence on the efficiency of a system for active vibration damping based on application of Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) piezoelectric transducers are presented. MFCs are modern piezoelectric composite transducers produced as a thin, elastic films and can be easily installed on the surface of the mechanical subsystem or laminated in composite structures. The impact of the phase shifting between signals generated to power the actuator on the damping efficiency was verified and analysed. It was verified in what phase angle the damping of vibration has the best efficiency and if the shift of the signals causes the linear loss of the system efficiency. It was also verified whether it causes the same effects in both directions of shifting (advance or delay in the phase of the signal supplying the damper relative to the signal generated by the beam’s vibration).
Advanced technologies for shoe sole production
Authors: Spahiu Tatjana , Almeida Henrique , Ascenso Rita M. T. , Vitorino Liliana , Marto Anabela
Published: August 2020

Advanced technologies for modelling and production are an important part in the whole process of product manufacturing. These advancements have changed the way of product development and play an important role in customization. In the footwear industry, as in any other industry, the use of these technologies is widely spread. Footwear comfort is one of the main selection criteria for purchase. Considering this fact, a case study of different steps for shoe designing according to individual foot shape will be presented. Taking into consideration the aesthetics of the sole and in a more sustainable view, through topological optimization reducing of material wastage for sole production will be presented. By means of the topological optimization in the shoe design process, sole optimization is realized. As a part of personalization, feet’s plantar pressure maps taken from 1 participant gave a better explanation of weight distribution of each foot. Following, sole personalization according the plantar pressure maps for each foot gives the possibility to obtain the best least material design according to the feet’s pressure while maintaining biomechanical performance.
Experimental study on noise reduction and performance enhancement for internal combustion engines
Authors: Şugar Ioan Radu , Banica Mihai
Published: August 2020

As the number of cars increases and large cities become more and more crowded, noise reduction becomes more and more important. The decrease of the fuel consumption and the increase of power to the same cylindrical capacity are always current topics. This paper’s aim is to bring a contribution to solving these problems. The proposed solution consists in the use of ceramic materials in the design of the combustion chamber.
Design and Analysis of a 5-Axis Gantry CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Yuksel Esra , Özlü Emre , Oral Ahmet , Tosun Fulya , İğrek Osman Fatih , Budak Erhan
Published: August 2020

In this study, design and analysis of a gantry-type 5-axis CNC machine tool is presented with experimental results on a manufactured prototype. Critical points in the design of a large-scaled and heavy-duty machine tool is discussed. Moreover, FE analysis results is also presented with detailed discussion. The measurement results on structural dynamics is shown together with the FE results. Furthermore, the final performance of the machine tool is demonstrated thorough position and velocity measurements of the axes.
Prediction models for on-line cutting tool and machined surface condition monitoring during hard turning considering vibration signal
Authors: Panda Amlana , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Panigrahi Isham , Rout Arun Kumar
Published: August 2020

Turning of hardened steel is an immense issue of interest concerning with machining technology and scientific research. A strategy to analyze vibration signals and its correlation on surface roughness and tool wear has not attracted much breakthrough in research so far in hard machining. Therefore, tool condition monitoring (TCM) study will be definitely worthwhile for the effective application in hard part turning. The current study examines about the online prediction of flank wear and surface roughness monitoring during dry hard turning of AISI 52100 steel (55 ± 1 HRC) utilizing MTCVD multilayer coated carbide insert (TiN/TiCN/Al2O3) considering machining parameters and vibration signals through development of prediction model (MLR and MQR) after studying the Pearson correlation coefficient and test for its accuracy. Pearson correlation coefficient for feed on flank wear is utmost pursued by acceleration amplitude of vibration (Vy) in radial direction, depth of cut and cutting speed. Similarly, acceleration amplitude of vibration followed by cutting speed and feed has strong correlation with surface roughness. MQR model predicts well for responses as percentage of error is quite less and cutting speed is obtained to be the most important parameter for vibration signal. Multiple quadratic regression (MQR) models are observed to be noteworthy, effective and adequate to predict response outputs with regards to the combined effect of machining parameters and vibration signals online. A corrective measure can safely be taken with reasonable degree of accuracy during hard turning.
Kritische Anmerkungen zum Suchtbegriff in der ICD-11
Authors: Petry Jörg
Published: August 2020

Rauschzustände werden auf die pharmakologisch beschriebenen Substanzwirkungen reduziert. Das „Abhängigkeitssyndrom“ definiert Sucht unabhängig vom kulturellen und situativen Kontext. Beim Konzept der „Kontrollminderung“ handelt es sich um eine Metapher: Die hierarchisch strukturierte Fähigkeit der Persönlichkeit zur Kontrolle ihres Suchtverhaltens wird nicht aufgeklärt. Diagnosen basieren auf nur wenigen Kriterien: Es fehlen die Biografie der betroffenen Person, die Schwere der Störung und soziodemografische Merkmale. Die „Glücksspielsucht“ und der „pathologische PC/Internetgebrauch“ (Gaming disorder) werden als Süchte klassifiziert, obwohl sie sich typologisch als unterschiedliche Störungen abgrenzen lassen. Sucht ist primär sozialer Natur: Sie erwächst aus einem anhaltenden Mangel an sozialer Integration und setzt ein breites Angebot suchtspezifischer Anreize voraus. Das Krankheitskonzept hat zu einer biomedizinischen Blase geführt, wodurch psychosoziale Interventionen zurückgedrängt wurden. Alternativ lässt sich süchtiges Verhalten als ein sinnvoller Bewältigungsmechanismus überstarker Belastungen ansehen. Zur Überwindung einer Sucht ist es erforderlich, die Autonomie der leidenden Person zu stärken. Dies erfordert die aufeinander bezogene Kooperation der beteiligten Berufsgruppen.