bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single-cell RNA sequencing in stroke and traumatic brain injury: Current achievements, challenges, and future perspectives on transcriptomic profiling
Authors: Shi Ruyu , Chen Huaijun , Zhang Wenting , Leak Rehana K , Lou Dequan , Chen Kong , Chen Jun
Published: December 2024

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a high-throughput transcriptomic approach with the power to identify rare cells, discover new cellular subclusters, and describe novel genes. scRNA-seq can simultaneously reveal dynamic shifts in cellular phenotypes and heterogeneities in cellular subtypes. Since the publication of the first protocol on scRNA-seq in 2009, this evolving technology has continued to improve, through the use of cell-specific barcodes, adoption of droplet-based systems, and development of advanced computational methods. Despite induction of the cellular stress response during the tissue dissociation process, scRNA-seq remains a popular technology, and commercially available scRNA-seq methods have been applied to the brain. Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics now allow the researcher to capture the positional context of transcriptional activity, strengthening our knowledge of cellular organization and cell-cell interactions in spatially intact tissues. A combination of spatial transcriptomic data with proteomic, metabolomic, or chromatin accessibility data is a promising direction for future research. Herein, we provide an overview of the workflow, data analyses methods, and pros and cons of scRNA-seq technology. We also summarize the latest achievements of scRNA-seq in stroke and acute traumatic brain injury, and describe future applications of scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics.
Long-Term Adverse Effects After Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): A Narrative Analysis Exploring People’s Experiences, Meaning-Making, and Coping
Authors: Shipwright Emily , Murphy David
Published: December 2024

Approximately 2500 people receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) annually in the United Kingdom; however, there is growing evidence of long-term adverse effects. Few studies have focused on people’s experience of ECT, particularly over the long term. The experience of ECT is known to be complex, requiring qualitative exploration. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the long-term adverse experiences of ECT, including psychological impacts, meaning-making, and coping. Narrative analysis considered thematic, structural, and performative elements of seven people’s stories. Themes were explored across the timeline of participants’ experiences. Before ECT, participants felt misinformed regarding ECT and misunderstood by healthcare professionals. They noticed immediate changes in their cognition, memory, and mood after ECT. Returning home was important in participants’ discovery of differences. Long-term impacts were loss (of ability, memory, humanity, and connection), the realization that ECT had been damaging, and understanding ECT to have caused brain damage. The extensive nature of loss experienced by participants was comparable to the concept of ambiguous loss. They experienced a lack of follow-up care and denial of their experiences, which could contribute to psychological iatrogenic harm. Participants coped with adverse experiences by using prompts and strategies and connecting with others. Further research is needed into the adverse long-term effects of ECT, especially considering cognitive effects, memory loss, and how these contribute to a changed sense of self. Service development is urgently required, especially for ECT follow-up care.
Ethical ambivalence in postcolonial touristic encounters
Authors: Cho Hyo Dan , Lee Maria Younghee , Lim Sang Taek
Published: December 2024

This article aims to understand the ways in which tourists approach, negotiate and interpret a colonial past, memory and imaginary in the Bà Nà hills of Vietnam. Ethnographic research was undertaken from March to November 2019. By using ambivalence as an interpretive and analytic tool to elucidate the place of ethics from the postcolonial perspective, this article focused to reveal contradictory emotions, incompatible values and emotional internal clashes of tourists toward a colonial past. Findings show that tourists’ ethical ambivalence is located in-between ‘care of the self’ and ‘concern for the others’ and that such ethical ambivalence demonstrates tourists’ negotiation and articulation of their own needs and desires with those of other people by recognising the alterity of others.
Organized crime after earthquakes
Authors: Silverio-Murillo Adan , García-Tejeda Enrique , Sobrino Fernanda , Balmori-de-la-Miyar Jose Roberto , Prudencio Daniel
Published: December 2024

Natural disasters can affect the behavior of criminal organizations. This article analyses the effect of the 2017 earthquakes that hit Mexico on the incidence of crimes related to organized crime. In particular, the outcomes of interest are rates for homicides, extortion, drug crime, and kidnapping. Using a difference-in-differences and an event-study methodologies, the findings indicate an increase in kidnapping rates of 4.0% after the earthquakes in affected areas. Then, we explore what type of criminal organizations modifies its behavior after earthquakes. We find a shift in organizational behavior (e.g. violence and altruism) of local criminal organizations, but no effect on large criminal organizations. In all, earthquake events in Mexico increase kidnapping rates through the organizational behavior of local criminal organizations. The significance of this research stems from its methodological approach, which enables the inference of causality by leveraging geographical variation in earthquake strikes.
Quantifying uncertainty in time perception: A modified reproduction method
Authors: Boned Jaume , López-Moliner Joan
Published: December 2024

In time perception research, we typically measure how an observer perceives time intervals by collecting data from multiple trials with a single estimate recorded on each. However, this gives us limited information about the observer's uncertainty for each estimate, which we usually measure from the variability across trials. Our study tested the potential of a modified reproduction task to provide a duration estimate as well as a measure of uncertainty on a single-trial basis. Participants were instructed to press and hold a key to temporally bracket the end of a learned duration (0.6–4 s) as narrowly as possible. Therefore, we expected the bracket's length to indicate the level of uncertainty. We compared this method to a conventional reproduction task. Taking the mid-point of the bracket as the duration estimate, we found that both methods produced equivalent data. Critically, the bracket length predicted reproduction variability, indicating that a single bracket obtained in an individual trial could potentially provide as much information as multiple reproductions. Additionally, relative variability in bracket start and end positions suggests a combination of additive and multiplicative noise components. Our findings highlight the bracket method as a more efficient and nuanced approach to measure time estimates and their associated uncertainty, expanding the methodological toolkit and opening new avenues in time perception research.
Acute resistance to BET inhibitors remodels compensatory transcriptional programs via p300 coactivation
Authors: Shah Viral , Giotopoulos George , Osaki Hikari , Meyerhöfer Markus , Meduri Eshwar , Gallego-Crespo Aaron , Behrendt Malte A. , Saura-Pañella Maria , Tarkar Aarti , Schubert Benedict , Yun Haiyang , Horton Sarah J. , Agrawal-Singh Shuchi , Haehnel Patricia S. , Basheer Faisal , Lugo Dave , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Barbash Olena , Dhar Arindam , Kühn Michael W. M. , Guezguez Borhane , Theobald Matthias , Kindler Thomas , Gallipoli Paolo , Yeh Paul , Dawson Mark A. , Prinjha Rab K. , Huntly Brian J. P. , Sasca Daniel
Published: December 2024

Initial clinical trials with drugs targeting epigenetic modulators, such as bromodomain and extraterminal protein (BET) inhibitors, demonstrate modest results in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A major reason for this involves an increased transcriptional plasticity within AML, which allows the cells to escape therapeutic pressure. In this study, we investigated the immediate epigenetic and transcriptional responses after BET inhibition and demonstrated that BET inhibitor–mediated release of bromodomain-containing protein 4 from chromatin is accompanied by acute compensatory feedback that attenuates downregulation or even increases the expression of specific transcriptional modules. This adaptation is marked at key AML maintenance genes and is mediated by p300, suggesting a rational therapeutic opportunity to improve outcomes by combining BET and p300 inhibition. p300 activity is required during all steps of resistance adaptation; however, the specific transcriptional programs that p300 regulates to induce resistance to BET inhibition differ, in part, between AML subtypes. As a consequence, in some AMLs, the requirement for p300 is highest during the earlier stages of resistance to BET inhibition, when p300 regulates transitional transcriptional patterns that allow leukemia-homeostatic adjustments. In other AMLs, p300 shapes a linear resistance to BET inhibition and remains critical throughout all stages of the evolution of resistance. Altogether, our study elucidates the mechanisms that underlie an “acute” state of resistance to BET inhibition, achieved through p300 activity, and how these mechanisms remodel to mediate “chronic” resistance. Importantly, our data also suggest that sequential treatment with BET and p300 inhibition may prevent resistance development, thereby improving outcomes.
The roadmap to integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion in hematology clinical trials: an American Society of Hematology initiative
Authors: Kuaban Alice , Croker Alysha K. , Keefer Jeffrey , Valentino Leonard A. , Bierer Barbara E. , Boateng Stephen , DiMichele Donna , Fogarty Patrick , Gibson C. Michael , Hood Anna M. , Hubbard Lloryn , Isgrò Antonella , Knobe Karin , Lake Leslie , Martin Iman , Reid Michel , Roberts Jonathan C. , Tomlinson Wendy , Tunji-Ajayi Lanre , Van Spall Harriette G.C. , Voltz-Girolt Caroline , Wheeler Allison P. , Mast Alan E. , Seremetis Stephanie
Published: December 2024

Clinical trial design for classical hematologic diseases is difficult because samples sizes are often small and not representative of the disease population. The American Society of Hematology initiated a roadmap project to identify barriers and make progress to integrate diversity, equity, and inclusion into trial design and conduct. Focus groups of international experts from across the clinical trial ecosystem were conducted. Eight issues identified include (1) harmonization of demographic terminology; (2) engagement of lived experience experts across the entire study timeline; (3) awareness of how implicit biases impede patient enrollment; (4) the need for institutional review boards to uphold the justice principle of clinical trial enrollment; (5) broadening of eligibility criteria; (6) decentralized trial design; (7) improving access to clinical trial information; and (8) increased community physician involvement. By addressing these issues, the hematology community can promote accessible and inclusive trials that will further inform research, clinical decision-making, and care for patients.
Requirements for automated micro-vehicles from the German public: a survey study
Authors: Schomakers Eva-Maria , Lotz Vivian , Ziefle Martina
Published: December 2024

This study investigates public requirements for and acceptance of semi-sized automated micro-vehicles (AMVs) in urban traffic in Germany, addressing safety and functional expectations from both incidentally co-present persons and potential delivery customers. A two-step approach, combining qualitative pre-studies and a quantitative survey was employed. Qualitative research consists of interviews, focus groups, and expert workshops to identify requirements, which are quantified in a survey involving 1000 urban-dwelling Germans. The results show that safety-related requirements are paramount. The top priority is basic vehicle safety, such as “safe braking behaviour,” “visibility,” and “safety in all weather conditions”. Autonomous behaviours for safety and delivery-specific attributes are also significant, though some autonomous functions received mixed responses. Social and sustainability requirements are also important—size and speed restrictions only moderately. The novelty of the research approach lies in focusing not only on the identification of acceptance factors, i.e. showing that size is important to public acceptance, but to study tangible requirements and accepted limits regarding vehicle design, behaviour and integration into public spaces, such as speed and size limits, evaluation of specific autonomous behaviours and technical details. The study emphasises the need for infrastructure, regulations, and trust-building efforts in AMV adoption.
The effect of labour tightness on wages at the regional level in Central Europe
Authors: Szabó Lajos Tamás
Published: December 2024

I estimate the effect of tightness on wages in Hungary and Slovakia. The Mortensen Pissarides model predicts a positive relationship but the empirical evidence is scarce. I instrument tightness by the distance of a district from the Austrian border, interacted with a dummy that marks the opening of the Austrian labour market to these countries in 2011. I find a positive effect of tightness on wages, which is in line with the conclusion of the models. If tightness increase by 1 per cent than ceteris paribus wages increase by roughly 0.2 per cent both in Hungary and Slovakia as well.
Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception among women of reproductive age in Zambia. A trend and decomposition analysis 2007–2018
Authors: Kazibwe Joseph , Masiye Felix , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Ekman Björn , Sundewall Jesper
Published: December 2024

Background

Access to contraception can be a transformational intervention towards advancement of education, health, and freedom of choice. Countries have committed to improving access to contraception enshrined in the sustainable development goals (SDGs), indicator 3.7.1. Our study seeks to investigate the level of inequality in current use of modern contraception and unmet need for contraception among sexually active women of reproductive age in Zambia during 2007, 2013/14 and 2018 to inform family planning policy.

Methods

We use three rounds of Zambia demographic and health survey datasets for the years 2007, 2013/14 and 2018, which are nationally representative surveys. We included a total of 19,973 sexually active women of reproductive age from 15 to 49 years living in Zambia. The level of inequality was assessed using concentration curves, and indices. The concentration indices were decomposed to identify the causes of the inequality.

Results

Our analysis shows that there was inequality in the current use of modern contraception across the years 2007, 2013/14 and 2018. The concentration curves showed that current use of modern contraception was higher among the wealthy than the poor. This pro-rich trend was consistent throughout the study period. Erreygers concentration Index (EI) values were 0.2046 in 2007, 0.1816 in 2013/14, and 0.1124 in 2018. The inequality in current use of modern contraception was significantly influenced by having access to contraceptive counselling, education level and being in a union (living with a partner). In addition, there was inequality in unmet need for contraception with concentration curves showing that unmet need for modern contraception was experienced more among the poor compared to the wealthy. Unmet need was thus pro poor. The EI values were – 0.0484 in 2007, – 0.0940 in 2013/14 and – 0.0427 in 2018. This inequality was significantly influenced by education, employment status, being in a union, and having health insurance.

Conclusion

Inequality in modern contraceptive use and unmet need for contraception exists and has persisted over the years in Zambia. Such inequality can be addressed through a multipronged approach that includes encouraging women to visit health facilities, access to contraceptive counselling, and promoting formal education.
Urticaria
Authors: Ben-Shoshan Moshe , Kanani Amin , Kalicinsky Chrystyna , Watson Wade
Published: December 2024

Urticaria (hives) is a common disorder that may be associated with angioedema (swelling that occurs beneath the skin). It is generally classified as acute or chronic, and chronic urticaria is further classified as spontaneous or inducible Second-generation, non-sedating histamine type 1 (H1)-receptor antihistamines represent the mainstay of therapy for both acute and chronic urticaria. Second-line treatment for uncontrolled chronic urticaria includes omalizumab (a monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin E [IgE] antibody). In this article, we review the causes, diagnosis and management of urticaria (with or without angioedema).
Phytobiotics in poultry: revolutionizing broiler chicken nutrition with plant-derived gut health enhancers
Authors: Obianwuna Uchechukwu Edna , Chang Xinyu , Oleforuh-Okoleh Vivian U. , Onu Patience N. , Zhang Haijun , Qiu Kai , Wu Shugeng
Published: December 2024

As the global population continues to expand, the demand for broiler chicken production to supply safe and high-quality meat is increasing. To meet this ever-growing demand, broiler chickens with enhanced growth performance are being developed, but they often face challenges related to oxidative stress, which can adversely affect gut health. Phytobiotics, which are plant-derived feed additives known for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, immune-modulating, and growth-promoting properties, have emerged as promising natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. This review consolidates recent advancements in the use of phytobiotics-derived products from leaves, roots, seeds, flowers, and their extracts in broiler diets reared under standard experimental conditions, without the introduction of stressors. The focus is on elucidating the key mechanisms through which phytobiotics improve gut health, including their effects on gut morphology, integrity, microflora composition, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. The review highlights the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition by acting as natural enhancers of gut health. Research findings reveal that phytobiotics significantly improve intestinal health, and boost growth performance, offering a sustainable approach to managing to gut dysfunction. These findings indicate a potential shift in how gut-health related challenges in broilers can be addressed, moving towards natural phytobiotic therapy. However, several challenges persist. Optimizing the dosage of phytobiotics, ensuring consistent performance, and overcoming the limitations related to their extraction and application are key areas requiring further investigation. The review emphasizes the importance of continued research to refine phytobiotic formulations, explore synergistic effects, and incorporate advanced technologies such as AI-driven methods and precision nutrition to tailor feeding strategies more effectively. Additionally, the development of innovative delivery systems, such as nanoencapsulation, is suggested as a way to enhance the effectiveness and reliability of phytobiotics. By highlighting the potential of phytobiotics to revolutionize broiler nutrition, this review supports the poultry industry’s shift towards antibiotic-free and sustainable dietary solutions, offering new perspectives on the future of broiler chicken production.
Climate worry: associations with functional impairment, pro-environmental behaviors and perceived need for support
Authors: Lenhard Fabian , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena , Wahlund Tove , Andersson Erik , Åhlén Johan , Fuso Nerini Francesco , Akay Haluk , Mataix-Cols David
Published: December 2024

Background

A large proportion of individuals experience functional impairment in everyday life due to climate worry. However, the current understanding of this functional impairment is limited by the use of suboptimal measures. Furthermore, it is not known whether functional impairment due to climate worry affects pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) or whether individuals who experience such impairment perceive a need for support. The aims of the current study were (1) to extend previous research using an established measure of functional impairment (the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, WSAS), (2) to explore the associations between climate worry, functional impairment, and PEBs, and (3) to describe the characteristics and the perceived need for support of individuals with functional impairment due to climate worry.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey targeting adult individuals who experience climate worry. Participants were recruited nationally in Sweden between September and October 2022. The survey included measures of climate worry severity, climate worry frequency, functional impairment, PEBs, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and questions related to perceived need for support.

Results

A total of 1221 adults (75% women, mean age 46.3 years) were included in the analyses. Multivariate structural equation modeling revealed that climate worry severity and frequency were significantly associated with PEBs (β = 0.34 and β = 0.45, respectively). Climate worry frequency was associated with functional impairment (β = 0.41). Functional impairment was only marginally associated with PEBs (β = 0.05). Approximately 40% of the sample (n = 484) reported a high frequency and high severity of climate worry. Among these, one-third (n = 153) scored above the cutoff for significant impairment on the WSAS. Individuals in this group (high severity and frequency of climate worry as well as significant functional impairment) were more likely to experience depressed mood and sleep problems and were more interested in receiving support, specifically concerning strategies for worry management and sustainable behavior change.

Conclusions

Using an established measure of functional impairment, we found an association of climate worry with functional impairment and PEBs. Importantly, as there is a perceived need for support in individuals with impairment due to climate worry, interventions targeting this specific subgroup should be developed.
Are socioeconomic composition effects on student achievement less relevant after de-tracking reforms in Germany?
Authors: Holtmann Marlen , Rjosk Camilla , Lüdtke Oliver , Stanat Petra
Published: December 2024

Recent de-tracking reforms in some German federal states converted or merged the two lower track secondary school types into a comprehensive one, where students can achieve all school-leaving qualifications. The goals of the reforms were to facilitate desegregation of students from different socioeconomic backgrounds and to reduce educational disparities. We investigated whether socioeconomic composition (SEC) and SEC effects have, in fact, changed with the de-tracking reforms. Moreover, we examined whether a possible increase in students' educational expectations of achieving the general qualification for university entrance contributes to the intended reduction of SEC effects. We used data from two representative large-scale assessment studies carried out in 2009 and 2015 covering the period of reforms. The SEC changed in non-academic school types. SEC effects on students' reading achievement tended to decrease, but are still significant in the comprehensive schools. The level of students’ educational expectations did not mediate the SEC effects.
Cost of TB care and equity in distribution of catastrophic TB care costs across income quintiles in India
Authors: Jeyashree Kathiresan , Thangaraj Jeromie W. V. , Shanmugasundaram Devika , Giridharan Sri Lakshmi Priya , Pandey Sumit , Shanmugasundaram Prema , Ramasamy Sabarinathan , Janagaraj Venkateshprabhu , Arunachalam Sivavallinathan , Sharma Rahul , Shah Vaibhav , Bagepally Bhavani Shankara , Chadwick Joshua , Shewade Hemant Deepak , Chowdhury Aniket , Iyer Swati , Rao Raghuram , Mattoo Sanjay K. , Murhekar Manoj V.
Published: December 2024

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) poses a significant social and economic burden to households of persons with TB (PwTB). Despite free diagnosis and care under the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), individuals often experience significant out-of-pocket expenditure and lost productivity, causing financial catastrophe. We estimated the costs incurred by the PwTB during TB care and identified the factors associated with the costs.

Methods

In our cross-sectional study, we used multi-stage sampling to select PwTB notified under the NTEP, whose treatment outcome was declared between May 2022 and February 2023. Total patient costs were measured through direct medical, non-medical and indirect costs. Catastrophic costs were defined as expenditure on TB care > 20% of the annual household income. We determined the factors influencing the total cost of TB care using median regression. We plotted concentration curves to depict the equity in distribution of catastrophic costs across income quintiles. We used a cluster-adjusted, generalized model to determine the factors associated with catastrophic costs.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the 1407 PwTB interviewed was 40.8 (16.8) years. Among them, 865 (61.5%) were male, and 786 (55.9%) were economically active. Thirty-four (2.4%) had Drug Resistant TB (DRTB), and 258 (18.3%) had been hospitalized for TB. The median (Interquartile range [IQR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of total costs of TB care was US$386.1 (130.8, 876.9). Direct costs accounted for 34% of the total costs, with a median of US$78.4 (43.3, 153.6), while indirect costs had a median of US$279.8 (18.9,699.4). PwTB < 60 years of age (US$446.1; 370.4, 521.8), without health insurance (US$464.2; 386.7, 541.6), and those hospitalized(US$900.4; 700.2, 1100.6) for TB experienced higher median costs. Catastrophic costs, experienced by 45% of PwTB, followed a pro-poor distribution. Hospitalized PwTB (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.9; 1.6, 2.2) and those notified from the private sector (aPR = 1.4; 1.1, 1.8) were more likely to incur catastrophic costs.

Conclusions

PwTB in India incur high costs mainly due to lost productivity and hospitalization. Nearly half of them experience catastrophic costs, especially those from poorer economic quintiles. Enabling early notification of TB, expanding the coverage of health insurance schemes to include PwTB, and implementing TB sensitive strategies to address social determinants of TB may significantly reduce catastrophic costs incurred by PwTB.
Contact toxicity and feeding deterrent activity of Dennettia tripetala Bak. and Jatropha curcas L. leaf extracts against Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith
Authors: Idowu Oluwadamilola , Alabi Olajumoke
Published: December 2024

Background

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important annual cereal crop with nutritional benefits, but its production is constrained by activities of insect pests. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is one of the important economic pests that limits the production of maize, causing several damages on maize fields. Synthetic insecticides are commonly used to manage fall armyworm, but they have undesirable side effects on human and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the contact toxicity and feeding deterrent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Dennettia tripetala and Jatropha curcas against fall armyworm.

Results

In the contact toxicity of Dennettia tripetala and Jatropha curcas extracts, larval mortality increased with an increase in exposure time and concentrations. The extracts possessed significant contact insecticidal effects that ranged between 20.00 ± 13.94% and 100.00 ± 0.00%. Also, in the feeding deterrent activity test, extracts revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in larva mortality and duration. Larva duration ranged from 56.67 ± 14.91% to 100.00 ± 0.00%. The larval stages of S. fruiperda that were artificially treated with the concentrations of the extract were shorter than those that were exposed to the control treatments. The methanol leaves extracts of Dennettia tripetala and Jatropha curcas showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the pupal mortality and pupal weight among the treatments. Jatropha curcas ethyl acetate and Jatropha curcas methanol extracts had high flavonoid content, and tannin and phenol content was higher in Dennettia tripetala ethyl and methanol extracts.

Conclusions

From this study, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts (75% and 100% v/v concentrations) are effective as contact and stomach poisons against fall armyworm and suitable replacements for synthetic pesticides.
Surgery in recurrent brain glioma, does it improve clinical outcome?
Authors: Elshanawany Ahmed , Waer Mohamad Sayed , Algheriany Ahmad , Farrag Farrag Mohammad
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Gliomas account for 24% of all primary brain and CNS tumors. Histologically, gliomas were categorized into subtypes and grades (I through IV). Low-grade gliomas are grade I and grade II, while high-grade gliomas are grade III and grade IV. The gold standard for treatment of high-grade glioma is the most extensive safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. However, recurrence of glioma is inevitable. Management of recurrent cases is still controversy.

Aim of the work

The purpose of this research was to examine the efficacy of reoperation for cases of recurrent glioma in improving patients’ outcome.

Methods

This study included 25 patients with recurrent glioma admitted and operated upon in neurosurgical department in Assiut University hospitals through 1 year from 1/11/2020 to 30/10/2021.

Results

There were 17 male (68%) and 8 female (32%), their age incidence ranged from 25 to 74 years with a mean age of 49.09, gross total resection of recurrent cases could be done in 14 (56%) patients, subtotal resection in 6 (24%) and partial in 5 (20%), all of recurrence were found at the same site almost the same of primary tumor except that two cases were radionecrosis and one patient revealed aggressive transformation from anaplastic astrocytoma to GBM by the end of the study period, and 17 (68%) patients alive and 8 (32%) died.

Conclusion

Surgical management of recurrent gliomas in selected patients is generally associated with improved functional performance and prolonged survival. Patients’ Karnofsky score at recurrence is an important prognostic factor for both low-grade glioma and high-grade glioma.
Temporal dynamics of BMP/Nodal ratio drive tissue-specific gastrulation morphogenesis
Authors: Emig Alyssa A. , Hansen Megan , Grimm Sandra , Coarfa Cristian , Lord Nathan D. , Williams Margot Kossmann
Published: December 2024

Anteroposterior (AP) elongation of the vertebrate body plan is driven by convergence and extension (C&E) gastrulation movements in both the mesoderm and neuroectoderm, but how or whether molecular regulation of C&E differs between tissues remains an open question. Using a zebrafish explant model of AP axis extension, we show that C&E of the neuroectoderm and mesoderm can be uncoupled ex vivo, and that morphogenesis of individual tissues results from distinct morphogen signaling dynamics. Using precise temporal manipulation of BMP and Nodal signaling, we identify a critical developmental window during which high or low BMP/Nodal ratios induce neuroectoderm- or mesoderm-driven C&E, respectively. Increased BMP activity similarly enhances C&E specifically in the ectoderm of intact zebrafish gastrulae, highlighting the in vivo relevance of our findings. Together, these results demonstrate that temporal dynamics of BMP and Nodal morphogen signaling activate distinct morphogenetic programs governing C&E gastrulation movements within individual tissues.
Versican controlled by Lmx1b regulates hyaluronate density and hydration for semicircular canal morphogenesis
Authors: Mori Yusuke , Smith Sierra , Wang Jiacheng , Eliora Nadia , Heikes Kira L. , Munjal Akankshi
Published: December 2024

During inner ear semicircular canal morphogenesis in zebrafish, patterned canal-genesis zones express genes for extracellular matrix component synthesis. These include hyaluronan and the hyaluronan-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan Versican, which are abundant in the matrices of many developing organs. Charged hyaluronate polymers play a key role in canal morphogenesis through osmotic swelling. However, the developmental factor(s) that pattern the synthesis of the matrix components and regulation of hyaluronate density and swelling are unknown. Here, we identify the transcription factor Lmx1b as a positive transcriptional regulator of hyaluronan, Versican, and chondroitin synthesis genes crucial for canal morphogenesis. We show that Versican regulates hyaluronan density through its protein core, whereas the charged chondroitin side chains contribute to the hydration of hyaluronate-containing extracellular matrices. Versican-tuned properties of hyaluronate matrices may be a broadly used mechanism in morphogenesis with important implications for understanding diseases in which these matrices are impaired, and for hydrogel engineering for tissue regeneration.
Oxygen as obturation biomaterial in endodontic treatment: development of novel membranous dental restoration system
Authors: Wahyudi Didi , Kusumasari Citra
Published: December 2024

Complexities in obturation and difficulties in disinfection represent significant issues that render endodontic treatment notably time-consuming. A new perspective is essential to reduce both working time and address these two challenges. To date, none of the established techniques for root canal obturation can assure a perfect seal. Solid materials are not easily manipulated to hermetically fill the intricate branches of the root canal system. Concurrently, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, particularly Enterococcus faecalis, are predominant in discussions surrounding endodontic infections. Numerous studies have demonstrated that achieving complete disinfection of Enterococcus faecalis is exceedingly difficult, even with the use of irrigating solutions that possess strong antibacterial properties. Under anaerobic conditions, the invasion efficiency of facultative anaerobes is heightened. If irrigation and disinfection fail to entirely eliminate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes, a novel strategy is required to address the bacteria that persist within the root canal. Oxygen can easily permeate the root canal system, eradicate anaerobes, and inhibit facultative anaerobes from becoming pathogenic. Therefore, employing oxygen as a biomaterial for obturation following appropriate cleaning and shaping procedures is anticipated to address the two primary endodontic issues. This article aims to explore a new potential concept for a dental restoration system that utilizes an oxygen-permeable membrane to reduce the time required for endodontic treatment. The membrane is positioned at the orifice of a duct designed to connect the entire root canal system with ambient air outside the restoration. The function of the membrane is somewhat analogous to the masks used during the COVID-19 pandemic, as it allows for the circulation of oxygen while preventing the passage of fluids, debris, and microorganisms. We hypothesize that the oxygen circulating within the root canal system will also function as a continuously renewing antimicrobial agent.
Neurodiversity in Saudi Arabia: Towards quality education and reduced inequalities
Authors: Almakrob Ahmed Yahya , Alduais Ahmed , Mhone Alex S. M. , Be Borey
Published: December 2024

Traditional educational frameworks in Saudi Arabia have historically adopted a deficit-based approach to special education, potentially overlooking the benefits of neurodiversity. As global educational paradigms shift toward inclusive practices, examining the alignment of Saudi special education laws with neurodiversity principles becomes crucial. This content analysis study aimed to explore the existing literature on special education in Saudi Arabia to ascertain whether the laws and policies support or hinder the practice of neurodiversity, a concept that is gaining international recognition but remains nascent in Saudi Arabia. A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus, yielding 21 relevant studies after screening and application of inclusion criteria. A content analysis was conducted, focusing on the categorization of data relevant to special education laws and their implications for neurodiversity. The analysis identified seven key categories, including Implementation of Inclusive education and transition services, that reflect the current state of special education laws in relation to neurodiversity. A conceptual model was developed, illustrating the potential of special education laws to both support and impede neurodiversity in Saudi Arabia and potentially worldwide.
Trends in Smart Restaurant Research: Bibliometric Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Valencia-Arias Alejandro , Cardona-Acevedo Sebastián , Martínez Rojas Ezequiel , Ramírez Dávila Juana , Rodriguez-Correa Paula , Palacios-Moya Lucia , Teodori de la Puente Renata , Agudelo-Ceballos Erica , Benjumea-Arias Martha
Published: December 2024

Background The automation of processes and services has transformed various industries, including the restaurant sector. Technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and big data have been increasingly adopted to enhance service delivery, improve user experiences, and enable data traceability. By collecting user feedback and analyzing sentiments, these technologies facilitate decision-making and offer predictive insights into future food preferences. This study aims to explore current research trends in intelligent restaurants, focusing on technological applications that improve service and decision-making. Methods A bibliometric analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA-2020 guidelines. A total of 94 academic documents were reviewed from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on publications related to intelligent restaurant systems, particularly involving IoT and automation technologies. Results The analysis revealed that the United States, India, and China have contributed the most to the field, with a particular emphasis on China’s implementation of IoT architecture and robotics in restaurant settings. Chinese restaurant innovations, particularly in robotics, are among the most frequently cited in the literature. The study identifies these countries as leading the research in the intelligent restaurant domain. Conclusions Technologies such as IoT, machine learning, RFID, and big data are driving advancements in restaurant automation, enhancing service efficiency and user experience. The United States, India, and China are leading research in this area, with China standing out for its application of robotics and IoT in restaurants. This research provides a foundation for future studies aimed at improving predictive models for food selection and service optimization.
Complications following miniplate insertion in maxillofacial fractures: a systematic review
Authors: Sejati Bramasto Purbo , Kusumaatmaja Ahmad , Widiastuti Maria Goreti , Haniastuti Tetiana
Published: December 2024

Background Maxillofacial fractures, frequently arising from road traffic incidents, falls, and acts of interpersonal aggression, are a considerable public health issue, exhibiting diverse epidemiological patterns according to demographic factors. The application of miniplates for fracture stabilization is a recognized technique, with innovative methods such as 3D plate systems emerging. Nonetheless, consequences including infections and hardware malfunctions persist. This systematic review seeks to present current evidence regarding the complications linked to miniplate placement in maxillofacial fractures over the last ten years. Methods A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA principles. Databases such as the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus were examined from September 2014 to September 2024. Studies documenting problems related to miniplate placement were included, without language constraints. The ROBINS-I tool was utilized for non-randomized studies, whereas the Cochrane risk of bias tool was applied to randomized controlled trials. Results From 2,289 initially found studies, 56 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Among these, 28 employed interventional designs, whilst the remaining 28 were observational research. The predominant problems documented in several investigations encompassed infection, wound dehiscence, malocclusion, paraesthesia, malunion/non-union, segment movement, hardware failure, and palpable hardware. Advanced methodologies such as 3D plate systems and locking mechanisms were linked to diminished complication rates. Conclusion This systematic analysis presents a decade of updated research about problems associated with miniplate placement in maxillofacial fractures. Novel methodologies such as 3D plate systems and locking mechanisms demonstrate promise in mitigating problems relative to conventional techniques. These findings can facilitate informed decision-making in clinical practice. Additional study utilizing standardized outcomes and prospective designs is essential to enhance comprehension of the long-term effects of miniplate utilization.
The first mitochondrial genome of Haemagogus equinus from Jamaica
Authors: Sandiford Simone L. , Noble Simmoy A. A. , Pierre Samra A. , Norris Douglas E. , Ali Renee
Published: December 2024

In the Americas, the expansion in incidence of arboviral infections including Mayaro virus (MAYV) has drawn attention to the resurgence of viruses associated with understudied arthropods. Mosquitoes belonging to the genus Haemagogus are generally geographically restricted to the forests of Central and South America and the Caribbean and are the known sylvan vectors for yellow fever virus and emerging MAYV. With an established population in Jamaica, Haemagogus equinus has been reported to be well-adapted to oviposition in artificial containers close to human populations. Its role in arboviral transmission however is not fully understood. Given the dearth of genetic information and the difficulty in morphologically identifying cryptic features in species belonging to this genus, we report the first mitochondrial genome of Hg. equinus. Using a genome skimming approach, two Hg. equinus mosquito specimens were sequenced using the Illumina Novaseq 6000 platform. A representative mitogenome of 16,471 bp, 80.7% AT and 37 genes was assembled using NOVOplasty. Phylogenetic analysis placed Hg. equinus in the Albomaculatus section of the Haemagogus subgenus supporting previously described taxonomic studies.
Methodology of scientific research. Moral Science
Authors: Privalov Nikolay
Published: December 2024

The textbook systematically combines topical issues of the methodology of scientific research, taking into account the achievements of classical political economy, the German historical school, institutionalism and non-economic disciplines (history, political science, sociology, cybernetics, biology, psychology, mathematics, law, etc.). The main methodological principles of interdisciplinary relations are: consistency, focus on achieving social balance and morality. The instruments of scientific research are analyzed in the light of their adaptation to the cultural traditions of Russia by taking into account the institutional factors affecting the economy. The traditions of the university textbook are complemented by elements of monographic research, in particular on the creation of a new human model — the "traditional man" (homo traditium). The paper attempts to return to the roots of classical economic theories — the works of ancient Greek authors, A. Smith, A. Marshall and others, who combined their scientific methodological principles with morality and other non-traditional disciplines for modern economic theory, for example biology.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying economics and for anyone interested in the problems of the modern economy and Russia's place in world geopolitics.
Fundamentals of econometrics in GRETL
Authors: Novikov Anatoliy
Published: December 2024

The textbook contains a systematic presentation of the basics of econometrics. Prepared in accordance with the requirements of the state standard of economic specialties. When presenting the course of econometrics, a minimal mathematical apparatus is used. All the methods and approaches described are illustrated by economic examples. The practical implementation of complex computational procedures is carried out in the GRETL environment. For the convenience of users, all the source data files provided in the tutorial are in the format of examples.GDTs are collected in an application in the cloud.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students and teachers of economic universities in the fields of Economics and Management, as well as for researchers and graduate students focused on applied modeling and forecasting in economics.
Marketing: theory, methods and models of the market as a whole
Authors: Bel'zeckiy Anatoliy
Published: December 2024

In the monograph, based on the innovative concept of organized market integrity from the standpoint of the methodology of holism (integrity), methods of measurement, spectral analysis and synthesis of a mixed heterogeneous market structure in interaction with the external environment are developed. Models of structure, functioning, kinetics of behavior, neural network forecasting and market development as a whole are presented. The practical issues of the implementation and assessment of the quality of market models as integrity are considered. The laws of market development are formulated.
It is intended for researchers, practicing economists, teachers, graduate students and students of economics faculties and specialties.
The Essence of Managerial Accounting and Its Role in the Economic Activities of an Organization
Authors: Perepelkin Daniil
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to study the importance of management accounting in the economic activity of Russian enterprises. In particular, the purpose of the study is to study how these organizations apply the principles and methods of management accounting. Several tasks have been set to achieve this goal:
1. To collect relevant theoretical information from scientific articles written by experts in this field, including Babaeva Z. Sh., Tsyganov V. V., Chupeeva O. V. and others.
2. Analyze the collected data and draw conclusions about the role of management accounting in the company's business activities.
3. To study the practical data on the activities of PJSC Imperial Tula Arms Plant in order to get a deeper understanding of how management accounting works in real conditions.
By solving these tasks, we strive to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the importance of management accounting in Russian organizations and its impact on their financial performance.
To achieve this task, we will conduct a detailed analysis of the interaction of management accounting with various functional areas of the organization, based on both theoretical research and empirical data obtained during the study of the activities of PJSC Imperial Tula Arms Plant.
The study will consider various interpretations of the concept of "management accounting", as well as possible difficulties encountered in integrating management and accounting processes.