bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Brown Stephanie , Gartland Deirdre , Mensah Fiona , Seymour Monique , Savopoulos Priscilla , FitzPatrick Kelly , Papadopoullos Sandra , Giallo Rebecca
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for adolescents across the world. The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and suicidal ideation in adolescents living in Melbourne, Australia, during the state of Victoria’s second lockdown. The study also sought to identify pre-existing and current psychosocial stressors associated with adolescent’s depressive and anxiety symptoms, and to identify the extent to which adolescents experiencing mental health difficulties sought professional help during the pandemic. A COVID-19 sub-study of the Mothers’ and Young People’s Study—an 18-year longitudinal cohort study—was conducted between July and September 2020, an online survey completed by 257 adolescents aged 14–17 years and their mothers, which asked about pandemic-related stressors, remote learning, family life, and mental health. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were conducted. Mental health difficulties were common with 38% and 20% of adolescents reporting clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, and 21% reporting frequent suicidal or self-harm ideation. Factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms included being female, exposure to current maternal depressive symptoms, lower levels of resilience, experiences of loneliness, stressful life events, and school- and family-related stressors. Two-thirds of adolescents who were experiencing clinically significant depressive or anxiety symptoms had not sought professional help. Our findings highlight the urgent mental health need among adolescents and the importance of reducing barriers to accessing support.
The Effects of Self-Regulated Learning Support on Learners’ Task Performance and Cognitive Load in Computer Programing
Authors: Shin Yoonhee , Song Donggil
Published: April 2022

This study explores the effect of self-regulated learning support on learners’ cognitive load and problem-solving performance, considering cases from well-structured to ill-structured tasks in a computer programing course. Sixty-seven undergraduate students in a computer programing fundamentals course were randomly assigned into one of two groups: (1) experimental group ( N = 34; received self-regulated learning support) and (2) control group ( N = 33). Participants in both groups were asked to solve programing problems using Python over 3 weeks, and their cognitive load levels were measured after each week. The results showed that novice learners’ self-regulated learning skills can be influenced by learning support, which contributes to solving complex problems. The results also suggest that, given the sequence of tasks (i.e., basic and advanced well-structured and ill-structured problems), self-regulated learning support may require time to be effective. The germane load of the experimental group was higher for well-structured problems than that of the control group. Using logistic regression, the two groups were differentiated through different variables measured in this study, which showed a high predictive explanatory power. The results provide implications for designing self-regulated learning support for programing courses, using problem-based learning in association with problem-solving skills, self-regulated learning skills, and cognitive load management.
Is long-term care a building or a societal moral philosophy?
Authors: Sadri Hamid , Sadri Salar
Published: April 2022

The number of Older Adults (OAs) in Ontario will double in two decades. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that the model of subsidized Long-Term Care (LTC) homes does not reflect the care needs of OAs. Many nations have implemented LTC models as a continuum of care for OAs promoting independent home/community living. These models help delay admission to LTC homes and achieve a higher quality-of-life for OAs. Current financial pressure on the healthcare system and inadequacies of LTC homes necessitate a broader social welfare policy. One viable option for sustainable LTC is implementing Ontario’s mandatory public long-term care insurance policy.
What Stops Unwanted Sexual and Social Advances Made by Heavy Drinking College Men?
Authors: Orchowski Lindsay M. , Oesterle Daniel W. , Haikalis Michelle
Published: April 2022

Although rates of sexual aggression are high among college men who engage in heavy drinking, little is known regarding how often heavy drinking college men initiate unwanted sexual advances towards women that could lead to a potential sexual assault or the reasons why these advances stop or proceed. The present study describes heavy drinking college men’s ( N = 210) initiation of unwanted sexual and social advances towards women, as well as outcomes of these interactions, including how often these behaviors continue, and men’s perception of what stopped the behavior over a 3-month period. Men indicated whether they were in a situation where a sexual partner noted that she does not want sexual activity to proceed further, initiated unwanted sexual contact, initiated unwanted sexual intercourse, attempted to give a woman alcohol when she did not appear to want to drink, or attempted to take a woman to an isolated location when she did not appear to want to go. These unwanted sexual and social advances most often stopped because of women’s verbal resistance (i.e., saying “stop” or “no”), or because men engaged in a discussion regarding the women’s limits or choices. Given that none of the unwanted sexual or social advances stopped because of bystander intervention, the present study highlights the importance of raising awareness of the effectiveness of women’s resistance tactics and continuing to train bystanders to notice and take action to address risky situations.
Understanding College Students’ Perceived Help-Seeking Knowledge and Awareness about Sexual Misconduct Policies and Procedures
Authors: Pinchevsky Gillian M. , Hayes Brittany E.
Published: April 2022

Institutions of higher education have attempted to respond to students’ experiences of sexual victimization by developing resources and processes for addressing sexual misconduct. However, extant research suggests that students rarely use campus-based resources and many students lack knowledge about campus services and the processes that institutions of higher education take to respond to sexual misconduct. This study uses data from a campus climate survey at one midsized southeast university to examine students’ perceived and actual knowledge about help-seeking and policies and procedures (i.e., mandatory reporting, investigation mandates, confidential resources, accommodations for survivors) at their university. Additionally, we explore gaps in their knowledge of these measures ( N = 2261). We also consider the factors that predict these outcomes. On average, students report moderate perceived knowledge about help-seeking on campus. However, roughly 67% did not have a fully comprehensive and accurate understanding of policies and procedures to address sexual misconduct at the university. These findings are problematic, as institutions of higher education rely on survivors coming forward to report their experiences and participate in investigative processes when detecting and elevating complaints. We highlight implications for institutions of higher education.
Insights into structural, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of copper alumina reinforced chlorinated natural rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Parvathi K , Ramesan MT
Published: April 2022

Current research intended the fabrication of highly durable conducting rubber products of low cost and wide applicability in the field of electronics. Chlorinated natural rubber (Cl-NR) reinforced with copper alumina (Cu-Al2O3) nanocomposites were fabricated by a solvent-free and economically viable industrial compounding technique with special attention to structural, morphological, rheometric curing behaviour, flame retardancy, electrical conductivity, dielectric, thermal and mechanical properties. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of Cu-Al2O3 in Cl-NR. The XRD investigation showed the crystalline peaks of Cu-Al2O3 in Cl-NR nanocomposites. The SEM and TEM results indicated that the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed into the chlorinated rubber in the nano regime. The DSC results indicated that the addition of nanoparticles into the rubber matrix increased the glass transition temperature of the composites. The conductive metal oxide particles in the rubber accelerate the vulcanization process, which could be more beneficial in the industrial sector. The AC conductivity, dielectric properties, tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, heat build-up and hardness of nanocomposites were greatly increased, whereas the elongation at break, abrasion loss and resilience were decreased with the addition of nanoparticles to the chlorinated natural rubber. These increased mechanical properties of rubber nanocomposites with improved processability, controlled morphology and electrical properties are important parameters in the designing of flexible flame retardant electronic devices, electromagnetic induction shielding and conducting adhesive materials.
Which “weigh” to Go? Alternative Vancomycin Dosing Strategies in Obese Patients
Authors: Wright Lauren , Childress Darrell T. , Brown Matthew L. , Wilkerson Wes , Maldonado Ricardo , Durham Spencer H.
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to compare the performance of alternative weight-based vancomycin dosing strategies to traditional dosing in obese patients using area under the curve (AUC) monitoring. Methods: This retrospective study compared target attainment of an AUC between 400–600mcg*H/mL using alternative vancomycin dosing strategies. All patients received allometrically dosed vancomycin, with patient-specific AUCs calculated using 2 post-infusion steady-state vancomycin serum concentrations using the trapezoidal rule. Predicted AUCs were calculated using the following: 15 mg/kg total body weight (TBW), 15 mg/kg corrected body weight (CBW), and 12.5 mg/kg TBW. Predicted AUCs from the traditional 15 mg/kg TBW dosing were then compared to alternative dosing strategies using the predicted AUCs from 12.5 mg/kg TBW, 15 mg/kg CBW, and the actual AUCs calculated using allometrically scaled vancomycin dosing. The primary outcome was attainment of initial AUC within the target range of 400–600mcg*H/mL for each dosing method. Results: Eighty-four patients were included. When AUCs were compared to traditional 15 mg/kg dosing strategy, the CBW, 12.5 mg/kg, and allometric dosing strategies were significantly more likely to result in initial attainment of an AUC within a target range of 400–600 mcg*H/mL (P = 0.0003, 0.0135, and 0.0088, respectively). No significant differences were seen between each of the alternative dosing methods (P = 0.73). Conclusion: The 3 alternative vancomycin dosing strategies examined were all significantly more likely to achieve an initial AUC within the target range compared to traditional vancomycin dosing in obese patients. Clinicians should strongly consider one of these alternative dosing strategies for obese patients as opposed to traditional vancomycin dosing.
Characterization and Classification of Keratinized Odontogenic Cysts in 29 Dogs
Authors: Johnson Jessica , Scott Kristin , Bell Cynthia M.
Published: April 2022

This retrospective case series presents a unique group of odontogenic cysts that are lined by heavily keratinized epithelium and contain laminated keratin. Keratinized odontogenic cyst (KOC) is proposed as appropriate terminology for the described lesions. The series evaluates cysts from 29 dogs, including clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging, and histopathology. All 29 lesions occurred in tooth bearing regions of the jaws; 21 were maxillary and 8 were mandibular. These keratinized odontogenic cysts were unilocular or multilocular, and some demonstrated considerable expansion resulting in bone destruction. In 13 of 29 cases, there was evidence of tooth displacement associated with the expansion of the KOC. The KOCs did not have a distinctive radiographic appearance. 48% of the cysts had a soft tissue defect through which the keratin contents could be visualized. Cyst contents ranged from hard mineralized keratin to fluid consistency with soft flecks of keratin. The pathoetiology of KOCs is unknown; however, the biological behavior is benign and thought to be slowly progressive despite potential for locally destructive growth. Recurrence is uncommon when cyst enucleation and debridement are aggressive or when solid cysts are excised en bloc.
Globally Inaccurate Stereotypes Can Result From Locally Adaptive Exploration
Authors: Bai Xuechunzi , Fiske Susan T. , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: April 2022

Inaccurate stereotypes—perceived differences among groups that do not actually differ—are prevalent and consequential. Past research explains stereotypes as emerging from a range of factors, including motivational biases, cognitive limitations, and information deficits. Considering the minimal forces required to produce inaccurate assumptions about group differences, we found that locally adaptive exploration is sufficient: An initial arbitrary interaction, if rewarding enough, may discourage people from investigating alternatives that would be equal or better. Historical accidents can snowball into globally inaccurate generalizations, and inaccurate stereotypes can emerge in the absence of real group differences. Using multiarmed-bandit models, we found that the mere act of choosing among groups with the goal of maximizing the long-term benefit of interactions is enough to produce inaccurate assessments of different groups. This phenomenon was reproduced in two large online experiments with English-speaking adults ( N = 2,404), which demonstrated a minimal process that suffices to produce biased impressions.
Effect of Goal Orientation on Task Performance: Moderating Role of Situational Strength at Work
Authors: Pradhan Harsh , Bhargava Shivganesh , Bamel Umesh K , Sharma Gunjan Mohan
Published: April 2022

The study examines the effect of goal orientation (GO; performance and learning) and situational strength at work on task performance (TP). A survey of 823 managers from different organizations was undertaken. Structural equation modelling was utilized to determine the validity of measures, and multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. GO was found to have a significant effect on TP. Moderating effect of the situation on performance goal orientation and TP relationship was also found. Situational strength did not moderate learning goal orientation and performance relationship. The finding indicates that for managerial job, change in constraint affects job performance more than a change in consequences. The study contributes to achievement goal theory by refining its boundaries. It discusses the contribution of the findings to literature and their applications.
Lakshya Food India Limited (LFIL): Finding the Right Position in Dairy Business
Authors: Chhabra Sakhhi , Chhikara Ritu , Garg Ruchi
Published: April 2022

Laxman and Joel, managing directors of Lakshya Foods India Ltd., faced a positioning issue for their milk brand. The young entrepreneurs had acquired a stake from Mr Redu, the founder and owner of Lakshya, a regional dairy company based out of Haryana, India, in 2012. While designing their annual marketing plan for 2019, they were not able to figure out what made Lakshya different from its competitors.

The dairy market dynamics were changing with varying consumption patterns, people becoming more health-conscious, a rise in disposable income and consumer demand for variety in the product range. Due to these changes, the competition was growing intense in the dairy business. From renowned national brands such as Amul, Mother dairy, Madhusudan etc., establishing foothold to various app-based online milk vendors such as Daily Ninja, Milk Basket and Country Delight entering dairy space, everyone was fighting for more market share. There was a substantial unorganized market that had a loyal customer base. Different brands were using different value propositions to compete in the market, such as quality, purity or attractiveness of the packaging to pull consumers. The two young entrepreneurs were unsure about what would work better with the Indian buyers; purity, freshness, taste or health. These milkpreneurs wanted to convey a proposition that was deeper and moved Lakshya from mundane milk to a preferred choice of every household.

Until now, there was no clear communication strategy, and various channels were used at any time of the year to reach customers, which led to target bullets in the air and wasting marketing effort. They wanted to make Lakshya a national dairy brand, but they were uncertain how to differentiate their dairy brand. They had to decide a value proposition that would help Lakshya position itself firmly in the dairy market.
The UN Global Compact and the Ulama (Religious Scholars of Islam): A Missing Voice in Islamic Business Ethics
Authors: Khan Farzad Rafi , Mirza Muhammad Osama Nasim , Vine Tom
Published: April 2022

Islamic business ethics (IBE) has overlooked a major voice in Islam: the ulama (Islamic religious scholars). To enhance our understanding of Islam and business ethics we argue for this voice's inclusion. We demonstrate these contentions by presenting findings from a qualitative study in which we interviewed 50 ulama in respect of Islam's views on the UN Global Compact. While the current view in IBE research is that Islam and the UN Global Compact are compatible, our findings reveal that the ulama reject this argument. By including the voices of ulama in IBE research, novel and alternative perspectives on business ethics are realized. Our research illustrates the salience of perspectives exogenous to Western modernity as a means of enlivening ethical debate and—by implication—averting moral closure in business ethics and in the wider field of management and organization studies in which it is embedded.
“Amazonizing” world cities through paintings: Indigenous cosmovisions encountering urban centers for the lost balance
Authors: Mitsuishi Katia Yoza
Published: April 2022

Currently, Peruvian Amazonian Indigenous artists are receiving unprecedented attention as they exhibit their paintings in galleries worldwide. In this context, I focus on three paintings of world cities as Havana, Miami, and Paris by Bora artist Brus Rubio (born 1984). Unfortunately, these paintings have not been analyzed from Indigenous studies and Amazonian Indigenous cosmologies. I argue that the paintings manifest Rubio’s Amazonian resilience by offering a new imaginary of the urban space associated with Indigenous cosmologies, which facilitates the preservation of Indigenous lands, rights, and traditions for the globalized world. In this vision, the Western and the Indigenous worldview find harmony when the human and the non-human encounter and celebrate a balanced cohabitation as in Bora’s narratives. This is his way of amazonizing the world or claiming his right to world citizenship and proposing a new understanding of globalization.
Religion and faith: The missing index of inequality in culture and the arts
Authors: Warren Saskia
Published: April 2022

This short commentary – part of the special issue on ‘Craft Economies and Inequalities’ - calls for moving beyond the preferred indexes of gender and class in research on inequalities in cultural production, and considers what can be gained by including religion and belief in broader understandings of creativity. Drawing upon the co-curated exhibition ‘Beyond Faith: Muslim Women Artists Today’, it argues for centring religion and belief in debates on decolonising the artworld and creative sectors.
Early screening outcomes among non-immigrants and immigrants targeted by BreastScreen Norway, 2010–2019
Authors: Thy Jonas E. , Bhargava Sameer , Larsen Marthe , Akslen Lars A. , Hofvind Solveig
Published: April 2022

Aims:

This study aimed to analyse results on early screening outcomes, including recall and cancer rates, and histopathological tumour characteristics among non-immigrants and immigrants invited to BreastScreen Norway.

Methods:

We included information about 2, 763,230 invitations and 2,087,222 screening examinations from 805,543 women aged 50–69 years who were invited to BreastScreen Norway between 2010 and 2019. Women were stratified into three groups based on their birth country: non-immigrants, immigrants born in Western countries and immigrants born in non-Western countries. Age-adjusted regression models were used to analyse early screening outcomes. A random intercept effect was included in models where women underwent several screening examinations.

Results:

The overall attendance was 77.5% for non-immigrants, 68% for immigrants from Western countries and 51.5% for immigrants from non-Western countries. The rate of screen-detected cancers was 5.9/1000 screening examinations for non-immigrants, 6.3/1000 for immigrants from Western countries and 5.1/1000 for immigrants from non-Western countries. Adjusted for age, the rate did not differ statistically between the groups ( p=0.091). The interval cancer rate was 1.7/1000 screening examinations for non-immigrants, 2.4/1000 for immigrants from Western countries and 1.6/1000 for non-Western countries ( p<0.001). Histological grade was less favourable for screen-detected cancers, and subtype was less favourable for interval cancers among immigrants from non-Western countries versus non-immigrants.

Conclusions:

There were no differences in age-adjusted rate of screen-detected cancer among non-immigrants and immigrants from Western countries or non-Western countries among women attending BreastScreen Norway between 2010 and 2019. Small but clinically relevant differences in histopathological tumour characteristics were observed between the three groups.
The problem of equal moral status
Authors: Miklosi Zoltan
Published: April 2022

A central puzzle of contemporary moral and political philosophy is that while most of us believe that all or almost all human beings enjoy the same moral status, human beings possess the capacities that supposedly ground moral status to very unequal levels. This paper aims to develop a novel strategy to vindicate the idea of moral equality against this challenge. Its central argument is that the puzzle emerges only if one accepts a usually unstated theoretical premise about value and the proper response to value. The premise holds that if the presence of a valuable property warrants a certain kind of response towards its bearers, then every variation in the degree to which the property is present necessarily constitutes a reason for a corresponding variation in the response that is warranted towards its bearers. It argues that despite its intuitive appeal, the premise is not plausible as a general view about the proper way of responding to value, and as a view about responding to the value of rational beings in particular. It proposes an account of the proper manner of valuing rational beings that supports a distinctive version of the so-called threshold approach to justifying equal moral status.
Coding Qualitative Data at Scale: Guidance for Large Coder Teams Based on 18 Studies
Authors: Beresford Melissa , Wutich Amber , du Bray Margaret V. , Ruth Alissa , Stotts Rhian , SturtzSreetharan Cindi , Brewis Alexandra
Published: April 2022

We outline a process for using large coder teams (10 + coders) to code large-scale qualitative data sets. The process reflects experience recruiting and managing large teams of novice and trainee coders for 18 projects in the last decade, each engaging a coding team of 12 (minimum) to 54 (maximum) coders. We identify four unique challenges to large coder teams that are not presently discussed in the methodological literature: (1) recruiting and training coders, (2) providing coder compensation and incentives, (3) maintaining data quality and ensuring coding reliability at scale, and (4) building team cohesion and morale. For each challenge, we provide associated guidance. We conclude with a discussion of advantages and disadvantages of large coder teams for qualitative research and provide notes of caution for anyone considering hiring and/or managing large coder teams for research (whether in academia, government and non-profit sectors, or industry).
Researching With Villagers: Applying Transformative and Indigenous Approaches at a Private Wildlife Boundary in Zimbabwe
Authors: Nemadire Svongwa
Published: April 2022

Transformative and indigenous research frameworks can help facilitate social change; however, few studies have demonstrated their application to the study of the injustices of wildlife conservation in neo-colonial African contexts. This study illustrates the opportunities and limitations presented by these frameworks through a reflexive account of a PhD research journey at a conflict and private wildlife border in Zimbabwe. Villagers rescued the study from failing by steering it toward a research design that mixed different forms of knowledge, frameworks, and methods that were responsive to their research questions and complex political situations. The study concludes that transformative and indigenous researchers at sensitive wildlife boundaries in Africa should work with suffering villagers in teams without power hierarchies. Team membership should reflect different races, genders, and proximity to certain powerful actors. Such a research process may result in the transformation of both the researchers and the suffering villagers, although to achieve policy transformation, they must engage politically based on the research findings.
Succession’s Lessons for the UK’s Dual Class Shares Debate: Beyond the Founder as the Benign Genius
Authors: Hardman Jonathan
Published: April 2022

UK law is currently debating whether companies whose founders have enhanced voting rights, known as a ‘dual class share’ structure, should be allowed to be listed on the premium list of the London Stock Exchange. This article posits that those arguing for dual class shares argue, ultimately, that founders may be benign geniuses who should be freed from market forces. It argues that the television show Succession illustrates that it is not inevitable that a founder be so: the Roy family’s misdeeds echo traditional corporate law warnings about the dangers of managerial excess. Law needs to regulate the Roys as well as any benign genius.
How sociolinguistic factors shape children’s subjective impressions of teacher quality
Authors: Paquette-Smith Melissa , Buckler Helen , Johnson Elizabeth K
Published: April 2022

When university students are asked to rate their instructors, their evaluations are often influenced by the demographic characteristics of the instructor—such as the instructor’s race, gender, or language background. These influences can manifest in unfair systematic biases against particular groups of teachers and hamper movements to promote diversity in higher education. When and how do these biases develop? Here, we begin to address these questions by examining children’s sociolinguistic biases against teachers who speak with different accents. To do this, we presented 5-year-old Canadian English-speaking children with pairs of adult talkers. Children were asked to select “who they’d like to be their teacher” then they rated “how good of a teacher” they thought each talker would be on a 5-point scale. In each trial, one talker spoke in the locally dominant variety of Canadian English, and the other spoke in a different accent. Children strongly preferred Canadian-accented teachers over teachers who spoke with non-native (i.e., French or Dutch) accents, but also demonstrated a preference for Canadian teachers over teachers who spoke with non-local regional accents (i.e., Australian or British). In line with the binary choice data, children rated the Canadian talkers more favourably. The relationship between the gender of the teacher and the gender of the child also impacted ratings. This work demonstrates that even at the onset of formal education, children may already exhibit signs of accent-based biases. We discuss these findings in relation to the growing literature on implicit bias in higher education.
Restoration of the joint geometry after stemless shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Chawla Lokesh , Kumar Kapil , Barker Scott , Ismail Azzain
Published: April 2022

Aim

This study aims to evaluate restoration of anatomy following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (TSA) with the Mathys Affinis Short prosthesis.

Background

Over the last decade stemless shoulder arthroplasty has increased in popularity. One of the reported advantages of the stemless designs is the ability to restore anatomy following surgery. However, very few studies have evaluated restoration of anatomy following stemless shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods

The study included all patients who had undergone TSA using the Affinis Short (Mathys Ltd, Bettlach, Switzerland) prosthesis for primary osteoarthritis between 2010 and 2016. The mean follow up was 42.8 months (range 9.4 to 83.4 months). Pre and post-operative radiographs were assessed for Centre of Rotation (COR), Humeral Head Height (HHH), Humeral Head Diameter (HHD), Humeral Height (HH) and, Neck Shaft Angle (NSA) using the best fit circle method on PACS software. Measurements were scored and compared to assess the accuracy of the implant in restoring the native geometry, including the intraobserver variability. The same data was collected by another experienced observer to measure the interobserver variability.

Results

The deviation of COR of the prosthesis from the anatomical centre was less than 3 mm in 58 cases (85%). Humeral head height and humeral head diameter showed a variation of less than 3 mm in 66 cases (97%) and 43 cases (63%) respectively. Humeral height followed a similar trend, with 62 cases (91.2%) showing a difference of less than 5 mm. The neck shaft angle showed a variation of more than 8 degrees in 38 cases (55%), and 29 cases (42.6%) had a postoperative angle of less than 130 degrees.

Conclusion

Overall, stemless total shoulder arthroplasty with the Affinis Short prosthesis allows excellent restoration of anatomy confirmed by most of the measured radiographic parameters. The variability in neck shaft angle might be due to differing surgical techniques, with some surgeons preferring a slightly vertical neck cut to protect the rotator cuff insertion.
Post-operative rehabilitation following traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Coyle Martha , Jaggi Anju , Weatherburn Lewis , DanielI Helena , Chester Rachel
Published: April 2022

Background

This systematic scoping review aimed to describe the content of post-operative rehabilitation programmes, and outcome measures selection following stabilisation surgery for traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation (TASD).

Methods

An electronic search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and AMED was conducted (2000–2021). Any cohort or clinical trial of patients receiving post-operative TASD rehabilitation were included. Study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal were undertaken by two independent reviewers.

Results

Twelve studies including fourteen treatment programmes were eligible. Period of post-operative immobilisation ranged from 1 day to 6 weeks, with exercise introduced between 1 and 7 weeks. Strengthening exercises were introduced between 1 and 12 weeks. Two studies described “accelerated” rehabilitation programmes, differing in immobilisation period and exercise milestones. No increased recurrence was reported in professional footballers. Two studies compared rehabilitation programmes, one not randomised, the other 18 years old. There was variability in selected outcomes measures, with only 4 studies using a common measure.

Discussion

There is minimal evidence to guide post-operative rehabilitation, variability in immobilisation periods and when exercise is introduced. There is no consensus on the definition of accelerated rehabilitation, or outcome measure selection. Clinical consensus of standardised terminology and stages of rehabilitation is required prior to efficacy studies.
Short-Term Outcomes After Treatment of Isolated Hidden Meniscal Ramp Lesions
Authors: Karaca Mustafa Onur , Özbek Emre Anıl , Ertan Mehmet Batu , Terzi Mustafa Mert , Akmeşe Ramazan
Published: April 2022

Background:

Ramp lesions are encountered in 16% to 24% of all anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. However, isolated ramp lesions without a ruptured ACL have also been reported.

Purpose:

To evaluate outcomes after type 3 hidden ramp lesions without ACL rupture were treated with all-inside sutures passed through the standard anterior portal.

Study Design:

Case series, Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Included were 41 patients (26 female; 63.4%) with isolated type 3 ramp lesions who underwent surgery between January 2017 and January 2019. Patients with concomitant lateral meniscal injuries and revision meniscal surgeries were excluded. We retrospectively recorded patient age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), as well as follow-up periods, comorbidities, and postoperative and early midterm complications. The Lysholm, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores were compared preoperatively to final follow-up. In addition, patients were classified as having either a sedentary or active lifestyle according to Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) criteria. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to evaluate the normality of the data, and the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to compare preoperative and postoperative outcome scores. The Spearman test was employed to evaluate the correlation between patient variables.

Results:

The mean follow-up period was at 37.6 (range, 25-49) months. A total of 17 patients (41.46%) had a sedentary lifestyle based on SBRN criteria. All scores improved significantly from preoperatively to final follow-up (VAS, from 8.43 ± 1.53 to 2.34 ± 2.9; Lysholm, from 47.73 ± 17.02 to 85.37 ± 14.01; and IKDC, from 27.12 ± 14.81 to 85.32 ± 8.78; P < .001 for all). Although no significant relationship was established between patient activity level and postoperative Lysholm and IKDC scores, an inverse correlation was observed between BMI and Lysholm ( r =–0.9906) and BMI and IKDC ( r =–0.9402).

Conclusion:

Satisfactory postoperative clinical results were obtained in patients with type 3 ramp lesions not accompanied by ACL rupture who were treated with all-inside suturing through standard anterior portals.
Representation of Dalits in Hindi Cinema After Liberalization
Authors: Kumar Amit
Published: April 2022

This article delineates the transition of the representation of Dalits in Hindi cinema. For that purpose, the article categorizes Hindi cinema into two phases—first, the pre-liberalization phase, and the second, is the post-liberalization phase for the understanding of—why Dalits are treated as ‘Others’. The question of Dalit is fixed in the imaginaries of upper-caste as a matter of consumption. In the pre-1991 era, Dalit’s were represented as poor, wretched, non-heroic, and absolutely clientele characters. In the post-1991 scenario, Dalits came up as educated, skilled, competent and confident in the modern institutional setup, but Hindi Cinema did not present Dalits as protagonists. The continuous clientele depiction of Dalit characters in Hindi Cinema aggravates upper-caste prejudices against Dalits. The article argues that there is an ‘Absence of Presence’ of Dalit experiences beyond upper-caste imaginaries, and also, there is a complete exclusion of ‘New Dalit Middle Class’ from the popular cinema narratives. A commoner troupe is used to represent the Dalit and it further extends the question of ‘Real’ and ‘Reel’ representation. Thus, this article tries to investigate the above-mentioned questions in the broad context of post-liberal Hindi cinema and flag some theoretical issues emerging from this engagement.
The New Contours of Identity Politics: Saffron Mobilization of Dalit and Backward Caste in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Shilp Shikha
Published: April 2022

The intense electoral competition has made it imperative for political parties to invent new languages and newer modes of organizing the demos. The interchanging registers of Mandal and Kamandal have so far configured the trajectory to power in the state. A careful reading reveals that both these registers have employed the discourse of ‘identity’ to mobilize people. The popularity of this discourse hinges on the fact that it is dynamic and can touch upon the idea of the ‘political’ of diverse people. However, the appropriation and reappropriation of this discourse has transformed its meaning over time. While caste remains the centre around which it is woven, the way in which caste entities are captured to form alignments has changed over time. While the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) used it for arousing critical consciousness of the Dalit-Bahujan caste to challenge caste hegemony, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) used it successfully for constructing a rightist identity and dismantling the Bahujan politics. BSP strengthened the Dalit-Bahujan identity to fight caste discrimination, turning caste disadvantage into caste advantage. To counter this BJP too engaged in caste-based community mobilization, while simultaneously giving a rhetoric of caste-free developmental politics to consolidated upper-caste–lower-caste Hindu alliance.
Infrastructural immobility: Movement and material culture in the Calais Jungle
Authors: Scott-Smith Tom
Published: April 2022

This paper develops the idea of infrastructural immobility, a dynamic within infrastructural systems whereby the movement of one thing relies upon the immobility of another. Drawing on fieldwork carried out in the Calais Jungle over the summer of 2016, it explores the relationship between what moves and what stays in processes of migration, arguing that if we are to make sense of camps as both spaces of confinement and spaces of mobility it is important to look at the role of infrastructures and the objects they contain. Infrastructures have been defined as ‘matter that enables the movement of other matter’ but it is rarely acknowledged that the matter that facilitates movement will often have to stay immobile. To carry cars, our roads need to stay fixed: they must not shift, rupture, buckle or break. To channel water, pipes need to be sealed and secured, remaining stationary and solid. This also applies to camps and other carceral junctions, which have their own balance of confinement and mobility shaped by material forms. This paper focuses on two objects in Calais – fencing and shipping containers – to illustrate the point.
The stalemate: Motivational interviewing at a carceral junction
Authors: Kohl Katrine Syppli
Published: April 2022

This study explores the use of motivational interviews to make non-compliant rejected migrants (‘rejecteers’) return. The study is based on qualitative data from field visits in accommodation centres for rejecteers (‘departure centres’) and from interviews with rejecteers and with the police interviewers conducting the interviews. A thematic analysis showed that these interviews differ from similar dialogue techniques by confronting the interviewees with their situation as seen by the state, in turn eliciting negotiations of belonging and borderwork in the form of repeated rejections. The motivational interviews fail to convince rejecteers that return is viable, especially because they reduce the complicated social situation of rejecteers to a need for responsibilisation. Rather than changing the spatial imaginaries of rejecteers, these motivational interviews block dialogue and engender incomprehension, demotivation and frustration on both sides of the table. In lieu of solving the problem of return, the main function of the motivational interviews is to be spectacles of enforcement that serve to individualise responsibility and to absolve the state of the responsibility for the social problems of ‘rejecteers’.
‘Little prisons’: Revisiting trajectories and carcerality in a Danish asylum camp
Authors: Jakobsen Cecilie Odgaard
Published: April 2022

This article, closely grounded in empirical examples from an ethnographic fieldwork, draws attention to trajectories as an integral part of how carcerality amongst men seeking asylum in Denmark is experienced and navigated. By expanding on ‘trajectory approach’ to also explore how trajectories can be ‘revisited’, understood here as a ‘return to’ in person but most importantly in conversation, the author dives into an example of an interlocutor's stories of Bosnia, revisited from a camp in Denmark. It is argued, through this example, that the contrast between ‘being in the camp’ and the trajectory leading to the camp, offers up new insights on how everyday life in the camp is experienced and talked about as carceral.
Design and Experimental Study of Pressure Compensation System for Full-Ocean-Depth Gas-Tight Sediment Sampler
Authors: Liu Guangping , Jin Yongping , Peng Youduo , Wan Buyan
Published: April 2022

Aiming at the requirement of the full-ocean-depth (operating water depth 11000 m) manned submersible to carry out the gas-tight sampling operation of the abyss seabed sediment, a kind of full-ocean-depth carrier submersible mechanical hand-held, full-ocean-depth gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS) with the function of pressure-retaining and coring is designed. Firstly, the volume change model of pressure compensator is established, and it is pointed out that the volume of pressure compensator is about 16.14% equal to the volume of gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS). Secondly, the pressure compensator is analyzed and calculated, and the relationship between the precharge pressure of the pressure compensator, the nominal volume of the pressure compensator and the pressure holding effect of the gas-tight sediment sampler (GTSS) is studied. The results show that with the increase of gas precharge pressure in the pressure compensator, the final pressure of the sampler also increases. Under the same precharge pressure condition, the larger the nominal volume of the pressure compensator, the greater the final pressure of the sampler. Finally, the air tightness test method is designed by using the developed gas tightness sampler of the full-ocean-depth product, and the change of the final pressure in the gas tight sampler under different precharge pressure is observed. The test results are consistent with the simulation results, indicating the correctness of the pressure compensation system (PCS) model.
Assessment of the dynamics of concentration and competitive positions of the Baltic cruise port system
Authors: Esteve-Pérez Jerónimo , Gutiérrez-Romero José Enrique
Published: April 2022

Objective

This study aims to investigate the degree of concentration and the competitive positions of the Baltic cruise port network.

Methods

A set of 29 Baltic ports are analysed, market concentration is evaluated using the analytical technique of the Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and competitive positions are determined through portfolio analysis based on the Boston Consulting Group matrix from 2000 to 2019.

Results

The Herfindahl–Hirschman index indicates that the Baltic cruise port system is unconcentrated with an average score of 0.11 for the analysed period, suggesting that eight of the twenty-nine ports are the dominant ports in the Baltic. Portfolio analysis results suggest that the hierarchy picture of competitive positions is dynamic and has changed over time. The Baltic cruise port system has a wide range of competitive positions. Kiel and Rostock becoming mature leaders is one of the most relevant changes in competitive positions.

Implications of the research

This study contributes to the literature not only by investigating the competitive positions of the second most important European operational area for cruise ships but also by filling the gap in research on the concentration and competitive strategic positions of Baltic cruise ports. This research allows seaport operators to visualise the position and progress of selected ports and predict the possible future seaport developments.
The use and predictive performance of the Peninsula Health Falls Risk Assessment Tool (PH-FRAT) in 25 residential aged care facilities: a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data
Authors: Wabe Nasir , Siette Joyce , Seaman Karla L. , Nguyen Amy D. , Raban Magdalena Z. , Close Jacqueline C. T. , Lord Stephen R. , Westbrook Johanna I.
Published: April 2022

Background

The Peninsula Health Falls Risk Assessment Tool (PH-FRAT) is a validated and widely applied tool in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in Australia. However, research regarding its use and predictive performance is limited. This study aimed to determine the use and performance of PH-FRAT in predicting falls in RACF residents.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study using routinely-collected data from 25 RACFs in metropolitan Sydney, Australia from Jul 2014-Dec 2019. A total of 5888 residents aged ≥65 years who were assessed at least once using the PH-FRAT were included in the study. The PH-FRAT risk score ranges from 5 to 20 with a score > 14 indicating fallers and ≤ 14 non-fallers. The predictive performance of PH-FRAT was determined using metrics including area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, sensitivityEvent Rate(ER) and specificityER.

Results

A total of 27,696 falls were reported over 3,689,561 resident days (a crude incident rate of 7.5 falls /1000 resident days). A total of 38,931 PH-FRAT assessments were conducted with a median of 4 assessments per resident, a median of 43.8 days between assessments, and an overall median fall risk score of 14. Residents with multiple assessments had increased risk scores over time. The baseline PH-FRAT demonstrated a low AUROC of 0.57, sensitivity of 26.0% (sensitivityER 33.6%) and specificity of 88.8% (specificityER 82.0%). The follow-up PH-FRAT assessments increased sensitivityER values although the specificityER decreased. The performance of PH-FRAT improved using a lower risk score cut-off of 10 with AUROC of 0.61, sensitivity of 67.5% (sensitivityER 74.4%) and specificity of 55.2% (specificityER 45.6%).

Conclusions

Although PH-FRAT is frequently used in RACFs, it demonstrated poor predictive performance raising concerns about its value. Introducing a lower PH-FRAT cut-off score of 10 marginally enhanced its predictive performance. Future research should focus on understanding the feasibility and accuracy of dynamic fall risk predictive tools, which may serve to better identify residents at risk of falls.