bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward continuum gyrokinetic study of high-field mirrors
Authors: Francisquez M. , Rosen M. H. , Mandell N. R. , Hakim A. , Forest C. B. , Hammett G. W.
Published: October 2023

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnetic mirrors under development exploit strong fields with high mirror ratio to compress loss cones and enhance confinement and may offer cheaper, more compact fusion power plant candidates. This new class of devices could exhibit largely unexplored interchange and gradient-driven modes. Such instabilities, and methods to stabilize them, can be studied with gyrokinetics, given the strong magnetization and prevalence of kinetic effects. Our focus here is to (a) determine if oft-used gyrokinetic models for open field lines produce the electron-confining (Pastukhov) electrostatic potential and (b) examine and address challenges faced by gyrokinetic codes in studying HTS mirrors. We show that a one-dimensional limit of said models self-consistently develops a potential qualitatively approaching the analytical Pastukhov level. Additionally, we describe the computational challenges of studying high mirror ratios with open field line gyrokinetic solvers and offer a force softening method to mitigate small time steps needed for time integration in colossal magnetic field gradients produced by HTS coils, providing a 19X speedup.
Differentiating patients with obstructive sleep apnea from healthy controls based on heart rate–blood pressure coupling quantified by entropy-based indices
Authors: Pilarczyk Paweł , Graff Grzegorz , Amigó José M. , Tessmer Katarzyna , Narkiewicz Krzysztof , Graff Beata
Published: October 2023

We introduce an entropy-based classification method for pairs of sequences (ECPS) for quantifying mutual dependencies in heart rate and beat-to-beat blood pressure recordings. The purpose of the method is to build a classifier for data in which each item consists of two intertwined data series taken for each subject. The method is based on ordinal patterns and uses entropy-like indices. Machine learning is used to select a subset of indices most suitable for our classification problem in order to build an optimal yet simple model for distinguishing between patients suffering from obstructive sleep apnea and a control group.
Classical Fisher information for differentiable dynamical systems
Authors: Sahbani Mohamed , Das Swetamber , Green Jason R.
Published: October 2023

Fisher information is a lower bound on the uncertainty in the statistical estimation of classical and quantum mechanical parameters. While some deterministic dynamical systems are not subject to random fluctuations, they do still have a form of uncertainty. Infinitesimal perturbations to the initial conditions can grow exponentially in time, a signature of deterministic chaos. As a measure of this uncertainty, we introduce another classical information, specifically for the deterministic dynamics of isolated, closed, or open classical systems not subject to noise. This classical measure of information is defined with Lyapunov vectors in tangent space, making it less akin to the classical Fisher information and more akin to the quantum Fisher information defined with wavevectors in Hilbert space. Our analysis of the local state space structure and linear stability leads to upper and lower bounds on this information, giving it an interpretation as the net stretching action of the flow. Numerical calculations of this information for illustrative mechanical examples show that it depends directly on the phase space curvature and speed of the flow.
Sputter epitaxy and characterization of manganese-doped indium tin oxide films with different crystallographic orientations
Authors: Kitagawa Saiki , Nakamura Toshihiro
Published: October 2023

Epitaxial Mn-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited on single-crystal yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates with (111), (110), and (100) crystal plane orientations using RF magnetron sputtering. The epitaxial relationship between the Mn-doped ITO films and the YSZ substrates was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in the ω–2θ scan mode and XRD pole figures. The Mn-doped ITO films on the YSZ(111) and YSZ(110) substrates exhibited a higher degree of crystallinity than the film on the YSZ(100) substrate as per the x-ray rocking curves. Fluctuations in the crystalline alignment were found to significantly influence the electrical properties of Mn-doped ITO films. Ferromagnetic hysteresis loops were observed at room temperature for all the epitaxial Mn-doped ITO films, irrespective of their crystallographic orientation. The magnetic properties of the epitaxial Mn-doped ITO films suggest that a combination of delocalized charge carrier-mediated interaction and bound magnetic polaron-driven interaction is required to explain the origin of ferromagnetism in these films. The Mn-doped ITO film on the YSZ(111) substrate exhibited the most desirable characteristics in terms of crystallinity, surface smoothness, electrical conductivity, and magnetic properties.
Machine learning implementation strategy in imaging and impedance flow cytometry
Authors: Julian Trisna , Tang Tao , Hosokawa Yoichiroh , Yalikun Yaxiaer
Published: October 2023

Imaging and impedance flow cytometry is a label-free technique that has shown promise as a potential replacement for standard flow cytometry. This is due to its ability to provide rich information and archive high-throughput analysis. Recently, significant efforts have been made to leverage machine learning for processing the abundant data generated by those techniques, enabling rapid and accurate analysis. Harnessing the power of machine learning, imaging and impedance flow cytometry has demonstrated its capability to address various complex phenotyping scenarios. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the detailed strategies for implementing machine learning in imaging and impedance flow cytometry. We initiate the discussion by outlining the commonly employed setup to acquire the data (i.e., image or signal) from the cell. Subsequently, we delve into the necessary processes for extracting features from the acquired image or signal data. Finally, we discuss how these features can be utilized for cell phenotyping through the application of machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, we discuss the existing challenges and provide insights for future perspectives of intelligent imaging and impedance flow cytometry.
Dynamic properties of photogenerated charge in BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO ternary composites and its application for organic pollutants degradation
Authors: Lang Tian , Yang Jiayan , Liu Yuanyuan , Jiang Awen , Wu Jing , Chen Jie , Xie Tengfeng , Qiu Qingqing , Liang Tongxiang
Published: October 2023

Carbon-based Materials have been extensively researched for their prospect in the fields of environment and energy, especially for graphene oxide (GO). In this work, a novel sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-assisted synthesis of BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO ternary composite has been synthesized successfully by a handy hydrothermal method. Photoluminescence, Photocurrent, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, surface photovoltage and transient photovoltage measurements illustrate that construction of p-n BiOBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction leads to the obviously enhancement of charge separation efficiency, and the photogenerated electrons trapped by GO can effectively inhibit the recombination process of photogenerated charge, resulting in the improvement of charge separation efficiency and the longer lifetime of photogenerated carriers for BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO. The characterization of structure and morphology indicate that role of GO can also improve the visible light absorption range, and the SDS-assisted synthesis can reduce the size of particle in the composite and enhances the specific surface area of the composite by regulating the particle size and agglomeration. Under optimal conditions, BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO (SDS) has the outstanding photocatalytic degradation performance and the degradation rate constants for oxytetracycline, tetracycline hydrochloride, methylene blue and rhodamine are 0.056, 0.057, 0.103 and 0.414 min−1, respectively. Notably, the degradation rate constants obtained by BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO (SDS) are more ten times higher than that of pure BiOBr and Bi2WO6. The possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation was suggested for BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO based on the dynamic properties of photogenerated charge and reactive oxidation species results. Surprisingly, the recyclability of the BiOBr/Bi2WO6/GO (SDS) composite obtained from the cyclic experiments has laid a foundation for the study of efficient and stable photocatalysts.
An accurate and flexible image clamping center locating algorithm for micro-gripper
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Xianmin , Wang Rixin , Li Hai
Published: October 2023

In the process of microassembly, aligning the end effectors with the micro-parts using image information is the basis of automated assembly. In order to realize the flexible and accurate clamping center locating of the micro-gripper with various shapes of jaws, this paper proposes an iterative-based processing algorithm. First, the locating problem is transformed into a multi-parameter optimization problem through the geometric analysis of the clamping process. Second, an iterative optimal algorithm based on the block coordinate descent is developed, in which a scaling golden section (SGS) scheme is proposed to calculate the iteration scaling parameters. Third, the lookup table and variable threshold iteration techniques are utilized to further improve the performance of the SGS scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently locate the clamping center for various types of jaws with sub-pixel accuracy. Finally, a microassembly experiment is carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Coping with geometric discontinuities in porosity-based shallow water models
Authors: Varra Giada , Della Morte Renata , Cimorelli Luigi , Cozzolino Luca
Published: October 2023

The use of classic two-dimensional (2D) shallow water equations (SWE) for flooding simulation in complex urban environments is computationally expensive, due to the need of refined meshes for the representation of obstacles and building. Aiming to reduce the computational burden, a class of sub-grid SWE models, where small-scale building features are preserved on relatively coarse meshes by means of macroscale porosity parameters, has been recently introduced in the literature. Among the other porosity-based models, the single porosity (SP) model is relevant because the corresponding one-dimensional (1D) Riemann problem is the building block for the construction of many porosity-based numerical schemes. Like the Riemann problem connected to mathematical models such as the SWE with variable bed elevation and the 1D Euler equations in contracting pipes, the SP Riemann problem may exhibit multiple solutions for certain initial conditions. This ambiguity can be solved by restoring the microscale information of the 2D SWE model that is lost at the SP macroscale. In the present paper, we disambiguate the solutions' multiplicity by systematically comparing the solution of the SP Riemann problem at local porosity discontinuities with the corresponding 2D SWE numerical solutions in contracting channels. An additional result of this comparison is that the SP Riemann problem should incorporate an adequate amount of head loss when strongly supercritical flows past sudden porosity reductions occur. An approximate Riemann solver, able to pick the physically congruent solution among the alternatives and equipped with the required head loss amount, shows promising results when implemented in a 1D single porosity finite volume scheme.
Perovskite CsCu2I3-based optoelectronic device with exceptional polarization sensitivity via point vacancy modulation
Authors: Wang Wenyue , Liu Bin , Liu Fangqi , Yang Zixin , Deng Jing , Yu Qiang , Zhu Sicong , Wang Xianping , Wu Jian
Published: October 2023

The design of polarization-sensitive, stable self-powered, and broadband photoresponse optoelectronic devices remains a big challenge. Here, the influence of vacancy defects on the electronic structure properties of CsCu2I3 has been studied by density functional theory, which reveals the feasibility of their application in the field of optoelectronic devices, and then, their photogalvanic effects have been investigated based on quantum transport simulations. The results show that the pristine CsCu2I3 and I-vacancy devices indeed generate robust photocurrents under irradiation with linearly polarized light at the near ultraviolet to the visible wavelength without bias, demonstrating the self-powered and broadband response of the devices. The extinction ratios of the pristine CsCu2I3 and I-vacancy devices were 9.84 and 33.02 at zero bias, respectively. In addition, the I-vacancy device exhibits an ultra-high extinction ratio of up to 69.7 at 0.2 V. These results demonstrate potential applications of CsCu2I3-based devices in high performance, low power, and polarization detection.
Memristors with tunable characteristics based on the tellurene/Nb-doped MoS2 heterojunction toward bio-realistic synaptic emulation
Authors: Zeng Xiangyu , Zhang Liang , Peng Jiaqi , Ye Qikai , Ma Boyang , Xu Hongsheng , Liu Yulu , Shuaibu Nazifi Sani , Wang Xiaozhi , Wang Yixiu , Liu Yan , Hao Yue , Han Genquan
Published: October 2023

Emerging intelligence applications, such as brain-inspired and in-memory computing, require memory with faster read/write speeds, higher integration, and lower energy consumption. To tackle these challenges, memristors, a type of synaptic device, are considered ideal candidates due to their potential for emulating biological synaptic connections. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure of tellurene/Nb-doped MoS2 (MoS2:Nb) was used as the resistive switching layer to fabricate memristors. By varying the maximum working voltage, the fabricated device can switch between one and two-memory windows, which can be used to imitate the postsynaptic inhibition effect. This is attributed to the competition between the drift and diffusion of the S vacancy in the MoS2:Nb layer, which can modulate the contact Schottky barrier in the material interfaces. Furthermore, biological synapse effects, such as long-term depression and long-term potentiation, can be well mimicked by applying several voltage pulses to the device with good repeatability. This study advances the device physics for understanding the physical working mechanism of the 2D memristor, which can benefit the realization of bio-realistic neuromorphic computing systems based on such memristors.
Organoid-on-a-chip: Current challenges, trends, and future scope toward medicine
Authors: Li Zhangjie , Li Qinyu , Zhou Chenyang , Lu Kangyi , Liu Yijun , Xuan Lian , Wang Xiaolin
Published: October 2023

In vitro organoid models, typically defined as 3D multicellular aggregates, have been extensively used as a promising tool in drug screening, disease progression research, and precision medicine. Combined with advanced microfluidics technique, organoid-on-a-chip can flexibly replicate in vivo organs within the biomimetic physiological microenvironment by accurately regulating different parameters, such as fluid conditions and concentration gradients of biochemical factors. Since engineered organ reconstruction has opened a new paradigm in biomedicine, innovative approaches are increasingly required in micro-nano fabrication, tissue construction, and development of pharmaceutical products. In this Perspective review, the advantages and characteristics of organoid-on-a-chip are first introduced. Challenges in current organoid culture, extracellular matrix building, and device manufacturing techniques are subsequently demonstrated, followed by potential alternative approaches, respectively. The future directions and emerging application scenarios of organoid-on-a-chip are finally prospected to further satisfy the clinical demands.
Fermionic physics fromab initiopath integral Monte Carlo simulations of fictitious identical particles
Authors: Dornheim Tobias , Tolias Panagiotis , Groth Simon , Moldabekov Zhandos A. , Vorberger Jan , Hirshberg Barak
Published: October 2023

The ab initio path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) method is one of the most successful methods in statistical physics, quantum chemistry and related fields, but its application to quantum degenerate Fermi systems is severely hampered by an exponential computational bottleneck: the notorious fermion sign problem. Very recently, Xiong and Xiong [J. Chem. Phys. 157, 094112 (2022)] have suggested to partially circumvent the sign problem by carrying out simulations of fictitious systems guided by an interpolating continuous variable ξ ∈ [−1, 1], with the physical Fermi- and Bose-statistics corresponding to ξ = −1 and ξ = 1. It has been proposed that information about the fermionic limit might be obtained by calculations within the bosonic sector ξ > 0 combined with an extrapolation throughout the fermionic sector ξ < 0, essentially bypassing the sign problem. Here, we show how the inclusion of the artificial parameter ξ can be interpreted as an effective penalty on the formation of permutation cycles in the PIMC simulation. We demonstrate that the proposed extrapolation method breaks down for moderate to high quantum degeneracy. Instead, the method constitutes a valuable tool for the description of large Fermi-systems of weak quantum degeneracy. This is demonstrated for electrons in a 2D harmonic trap and for the uniform electron gas (UEG), where we find excellent agreement (∼0.5%) with exact configuration PIMC results in the high-density regime while attaining a speed-up exceeding 11 orders of magnitude. Finally, we extend the idea beyond the energy and analyze the radial density distribution (2D trap), as well as the static structure factor and imaginary-time density–density correlation function (UEG).
Stable monolithic immersed boundary projection method for particle sedimentation with heat transfer at density ratios near unity
Authors: Xu Tiantian , Choi Jung-Il
Published: October 2023

This study proposes a highly stable and efficient monolithic immersed boundary projection method with staggered time discretization for particle sedimentation with heat transfer at density ratios near unity. To achieve the implicit coupling of fluid and solid motion, the proposed method uses a monolithic approach that incorporates temperature, fluid velocities, particle velocities, momentum forcing, energy forcing, and pressure. Subsequently, a two-step approximate lower–upper decomposition is used to decouple the complex large system. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D) single particle sedimentation at various Grashof numbers and density ratios verifies the ability of the proposed method to handle particle sedimentation at density ratios near unity. Moreover, the proposed method demonstrates its clear advantages by successfully addressing both stability issues and spurious oscillations. Furthermore, simulation with the proposed method was performed for 3D two- and multi-particle sedimentation with heat transfer to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method. The investigation of the effects of density ratio and Grashof numbers on particle sedimentation reveals a significant influence of buoyancy force, particularly for relatively lighter particles. An increase in the drag coefficient for multi-particle sedimentation is observed, owing to interactions between particles, and the Grashof number exerts a pronounced influence, particularly at low-density ratios.
Magnetic response to microstructure and phase evolution in laser thermal treated FeSiB amorphous alloy
Authors: McKinstry Michael P. , Joshi Sameehan S. , Mani Krishna K. V. , Radhakrishnan M. , Dahotre Narendra B.
Published: October 2023

In the current work, laser thermal treatment of the FeSiB amorphous foil with a single linear laser track was carried out. The resultant microstructure and phase evolution were examined with the aid of x-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and site-specific transmission electron microscopy. The laser power was kept constant at 100 W, whereas, laser beam scanning speeds were varied in the range of 500–235 mm/s, generating corresponding laser fluences of 0.42–0.91 J/mm2 on the sample surface. Laser fluences of up to 0.48 J/mm2 structurally relaxed the FeSiB foil, retaining the amorphous structure. Laser fluences of higher than 0.48 J/mm2 led to partial crystallization of FeSiB amorphous foils. The crystallite sizes were in the range of 11–31 nm (laser fluence of 0.49–0.91 J/mm2). α-FeSi formed as a major phase of partial crystallization while its quantity steadily increased from 3.6 to 46 vol. % with laser fluence (laser fluence 0.49–0.91 J/mm2). Fe2B formed in recognizable quantities (≥2%) for laser fluences ≥0.53 J/mm2. Laser fluences leading to structural relaxation and evolution of predominantly α-FeSi phase exerted minimal effects on ratios of intrinsic coercivities to saturation compared to the as-cast FeSiB amorphous foil. On the contrary, formation of Fe2B in significant quantities (≥2%) led to the steady increase in intrinsic coercivities and remanence to saturation ratios as a function of laser fluence indicating a loss in soft magnetic characteristics. Nonetheless, continuous increase in fractions of α-FeSi with laser fluence led to a steady improvement in saturation magnetostriction of the FeSiB foil.
Dynamics in a behavioral–epidemiological model for individual adherence to a nonpharmaceutical intervention
Authors: Saad-Roy Chadi M. , Traulsen Arne
Published: October 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the importance of behavioral drivers in epidemic dynamics. With the relaxation of mandated nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) formerly in place to decrease transmission, such as mask-wearing or social distancing, adherence to an NPI is now the result of individual decision-making. To study these coupled dynamics, we embed a game-theoretic model for individual NPI adherence within an epidemiological model. When the disease is endemic, we find that our model has multiple (but none concurrently stable) equilibria: one each with zero, complete, or partial NPI adherence. Surprisingly, for the equilibrium with partial NPI adherence, the number of infections is independent of the transmission rate. Therefore, in that regime, a change in the rate of pathogen transmission, e.g., due to another (mandated) NPI or a new variant, has no effect on endemic infection levels. On the other hand, we show that vaccination successfully decreases endemic infection levels, and, unexpectedly, also reduces the number of susceptibles at equilibrium when there is partial adherence. From a game-theoretic perspective, we find that highly effective NPIs lead at most to partial adherence. As this effectiveness decreases, partially effective NPIs initially lead to increases in population-level adherence, especially if the risk is high enough. However, a completely ineffective NPI results in no adherence. Furthermore, we identify parameter regions where the individual incentives may not align with those of society as a whole. Overall, our findings illustrate complexities that can arise due to behavioral–epidemiological feedback and suggest appropriate measures to avoid more pessimistic population-level outcomes.
Language-specific principles of discourse conceptualization in L2 English
Authors: Starren Marianne
Published: October 2023

In a previous series of crosslinguistic empirical studies in the domain of narratives and picture descriptions, it has been shown that different conceptual principles of discourse structure are built by L1 users based on routine cognitive processes. These in turn seem to be induced by the underlying language-specific properties of the L1s. Native speakers of Dutch and German, for example, tend to conceptualize and structure the progression of the narrative or description through linking devices in utterance-initial position, primarily through the use of the protagonist or temporal/locative adverbials. In contrast, native English speakers tend to prefer linking with the (syntactic) subject in initial position. The present study shows how complex it is for very advanced Dutch learners of L2 English to unravel these non-superficial underlying conceptual discourse structures in their L2. The question is whether they can overcome the routinized cognitive schemata of language processing that go with their habitual L1 strategies of telling a story or describing a picture. This paper shows how even very advanced Dutch learners can only partially learn the narrative or descriptive strategies of native English speakers.
Crosslinguistic differences in initial word recognition
Authors: Majdoub Hedi , Watorek Marzena , Rast Rebekah , Trévisiol Pascale
Published: October 2023

The present article addresses the extent to which learners’ mental representations, in particular the phonological and lexical representations of learners’ background languages, influence their ability to perceive and extract linguistic units from a novel speech stream. In the study, native speakers of French were exposed to an unfamiliar language, either Polish or Modern Standard Arabic. A word recognition test taken at first exposure revealed important differences in how French speakers/listeners extract words from the Polish or Arabic speech stream, suggesting that source language representations work differently depending on the specificities of the target language. In addition to providing insights into the effects of source and target language properties on speech perception, these results contribute to on-going discussions about what constitutes crosslinguistic influence and conceptual transfer in second language acquisition research.
Public disagreements among health experts and their polarizing effects during a pandemic health crisis
Authors: Labinaz Paolo
Published: October 2023

This paper focuses on the communication styles used by health experts when addressing the public about COVID-19, and the negative effects these styles had on the non-expert public’s ability to understand these issues and make well-informed decisions. Specifically, it examines the use of assertive styles within an Austin-inspired speech-act theoretical framework. By analyzing Twitter threads discussing COVID-19 following the first lockdown in Italy, I explore how these communication styles contribute to the polarization of non-experts, aligning them with different experts. In conclusion, I emphasize the importance for health experts to carefully select appropriate communication styles when engaging with the non-expert public to avoid undermining trust in scientific expertise, as observed during the COVID-19 crisis.
Pursuing understanding or engaging the patient?
Authors: Caronia Letizia , Ranzani Federica , Colla Vittoria
Published: October 2023

This chapter reports findings from a single-case study on primary care visits involving a general practitioner (GP), three unaccompanied foreign minors (UFMs) with low competence in the language of the visit, and two professional educators in charge of them. Adopting a conversation analysis-informed approach, we illustrate a communicative practice deployed by the GP: “making the body speak”. Through this practice, the physician makes his own or the UFMs’ body multimodally relevant as an ostensibly available and intersubjectively sharable counterpart of words. The analysis shows that this practice is deployed to scaffold UFM patients in reporting their medical history. We advance that, through this recipient-designed practice, the GP overcomes the dilemma of gathering information vs. acknowledging UFMs’ identity as competent patients despite the linguistic gap.
Whose common ground?
Authors: Udvardi Anna
Published: October 2023

The chapter examines 76 audio-recorded first encounters between physiotherapists (PT) and patients. It argues that the knowledge translation during a medical visit starts by fully understanding the patient’s agenda. There are four main foci of the analysis: (1) the classification of PTs’ opening questions, which initiate the problem presentation phase of the visit, (2) the classification of patients’ answers given to those questions, (3) analyzing the relations between these question-answer pairs, and (4) the identification of dialogical mechanisms that may help or hinder the creation of common ground. Within the last aspect, the analysis demonstrates three main communicative practices: meaning negotiation and summary, question-answer style, and redirection. The first one is argued to best enhance the co-construction of common ground.
Peer experts as actors for shared understanding in Spanish online health fora
Authors: De Cock Barbara , Figueras Bates Carolina
Published: October 2023

In this study, we compare how ‘peer experts’, understood as lay users who have achieved expertise and credibility on a particular health condition through personal experience (Vydiswaran and Reddy 2019), fulfill a bridging function by creating shared understandings on patient fora on diabetes vs eating disorders. The analysis revealed that the discursive construction of expertise concerning both conditions differs in relation to the weight and the nature of the personal experience claimed by the peer expert. The linguistic material deployed in each forum to index inclusion and shared understanding concerns the use of person reference, the use of cognitive verbs, as well as certain strategies that might question the experiences and shared understandings negotiated by members of both patient communities.
Uncertainty in healthcare
Authors: Han Paul K.J.
Published: October 2023

Uncertainty in healthcare is a complex phenomenon that arises from multiple sources, pertains to myriad issues,
resides in numerous people’s minds, and has various effects. Language is the primary medium by which uncertainty is both
psychologically produced and socially shared; pragmatic approaches can thus be useful in understanding uncertainty in healthcare, and
in this chapter I identify promising directions for future research. These include measuring uncertainty, evaluating both its causes
and the strategies clinicians and patients use to manage it, and improving the management of uncertainty. I attempt to show how
pragmatic approaches can contribute to these efforts and enable researchers as well as clinicians and patients to better understand,
manage, and tolerate the many uncertainties that arise in healthcare.
The pragmatics of diagnostic uncertainty
Authors: Dahm Maria R. , Crock Carmel
Published: October 2023

Diagnosis is a complex communicative and clinical task. This interdisciplinary study explores diagnostic statements, specifically uncertainty, combining perspectives from medicine and linguistics. We infer divergent understanding of uncertainty expressions between patients and clinicians, linking them to diagnostic errors and shared decision making.

We analysed 16 role-play scenarios, applying discourse analysis to identify diagnostic statements and analyse them for shared understanding and expressions of uncertainty.

Results showed that in interactions linked to diagnostic error, clinicians heavily relied on evidence and expressed uncertainty indirectly through hesitations, false starts, and lengthy introductory phrases. This suggests clinicians use evidence and phrases as ‘shields’ to signal their lack of commitment to the diagnosis. If these shields aren’t recognised as such, shared understanding may be at risk.
How uncertainty can be turned into shared understanding
Authors: Tseng Ming-Yu , Zhang Grace
Published: October 2023

This chapter investigates how uncertainty is communicated in highly-rated medical answers. Particular attention is paid to the discourse elements that may render the use of vague language to be more positively than negatively received during the delivery of helpful answers to health information seekers in online medical consultations (OMCs). We argue that uncertainty does not equate to an evasive answer; instead, uncertainty can be turned into shared understanding with the use of effective strategies. Data in Chinese were collected from a government-funded website based in Taiwan. The findings suggest that vague language can facilitate the successful delivery of health information when it is used in conjunction with higher-order stretching of a medical reply, aimed at offering a patient-centered medical answer.
A narrative review of current perspectives on urinary tract infections in dogs and cats
Authors: Alasmar Mohammed , El-Khodery Sabry , Youssef Mohamed , El-Ashker Maged
Published: October 2023

Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common diseases in dogs and cats. The infections occur when the natural defence systems of the urinary tract and pathogenic bacteria are out of balance. Diagnosis of UTIs requires a simultaneous evaluation of clinical signs and urine culture, which is necessary before initiating appropriate antibiotic therapy. Several variables, such as subclinical bacteriuria or pre-analytical errors, can make the interpretation of urine cultures problematic. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of UTIs in dogs and cats and to improve the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenic aspects of uropathogens, and innovative therapeutic modalities.
Jen Gommerman: Leadership is not a one-way street
Authors: Van Emmenis Lucie
Published: October 2023

Jen Gommerman is a Canada Research Chair in Tissue Specific Immunity, and a professor and newly appointed chair for the Department of Immunology at the University of Toronto. Her lab is interested in the underlying mechanisms of immune dysregulation in autoimmune diseases such as MS, mucosal immunology, and the role of TNF family members in immune cell biology. We spoke to Jen about the importance of authenticity and openness in leadership, and her goals as she begins her tenure as department chair of Immunology.
Anomalous Thermal Transport across the Superionic Transition in Ice
Authors: Qiu 邱 Rong 荣 , Zeng 曾 Qiyu 启昱 , Wang 王 Han 涵 , Kang 康 Dongdong 冬冬 , Yu 余 Xiaoxiang 晓翔 , Dai 戴 Jiayu 佳钰
Published: October 2023

Superionic ices with highly mobile protons within stable oxygen sub-lattices occupy an important proportion of the phase diagram of ice and widely exist in the interior of icy giants and throughout the Universe. Understanding the thermal transport in superionic ice is vital for the thermal evolution of icy planets. However, it is highly challenging due to the extreme thermodynamic conditions and dynamical nature of protons, beyond the capability of the traditional lattice dynamics and empirical potential molecular dynamics approaches. By utilizing the deep potential molecular dynamics approach, we investigate the thermal conductivity of ice-VII and superionic ice-VII″ along the isobar of P = 30 GPa. A non-monotonic trend of thermal conductivity with elevated temperature is observed. Through heat flux decomposition and trajectory-based spectra analysis, we show that the thermally activated proton diffusion in ice-VII and superionic ice-VII″ contribute significantly to heat convection, while the broadening in vibrational energy peaks and significant softening of transverse acoustic branches lead to a reduction in heat conduction. The competition between proton diffusion and phonon scattering results in anomalous thermal transport across the superionic transition in ice. This work unravels the important role of proton diffusion in the thermal transport of high-pressure ice. Our approach provides new insights into modeling the thermal transport and atomistic dynamics in superionic materials.
Resonant Charge Transport Assisted by the Molecular Vibration in Single-Molecule Junction from Time-Domain ab initio Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Tian 田 Yunzhe 韫哲 , Zheng 郑 Qijing 奇靖 , Zhao 赵 Jin 瑾
Published: October 2023

Using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation, we study the time-dependent charge transport dynamics in a single-molecule junction formed by gold (Au) electrodes and a single benzene-1,4-dithiol (BDT) molecule. Two different types of charge transport channels are found in the simulation. One is the routine non-resonant charge transfer path, which occurs in several picoseconds. The other is activated when the electronic state of the electrodes and that of the molecule get close in energy, which is referred to as the resonant charge transport. More strikingly, the resonant charge transfer occurs in an ultrafast manner within 100 fs, which notably increases the conductance of the device. Further analysis shows that the resonant charge transport is directly assisted by the B
2 and A
1 molecular vibration modes. Our study provides atomic insights into the time-dependent charge transport dynamics in single-molecule junctions, which is important for designing highly efficient single-molecule devices.
Geometric post-Newtonian description of massive spin-half particles in curved spacetime
Authors: Alibabaei Ashkan , Schwartz Philip K , Giulini Domenico
Published: October 2023

We consider the Dirac equation coupled to an external electromagnetic field in curved four-dimensional spacetime with a given timelike worldlineγrepresenting a classical clock. We use generalised Fermi normal coordinates in a tubular neighbourhood ofγand expand the Dirac equation up to, and including, the second order in the dimensionless parameter given by the ratio of the geodesic distance to the radii defined by spacetime curvature, linear acceleration ofγ, and angular velocity of rotation of the employed spatial reference frame alongγ. With respect to the time measured by the clockγ, we compute the Dirac Hamiltonian to that order. On top of this ‘weak-gravity’ expansion we then perform a post-Newtonian expansion up to, and including, the second order of1/c, corresponding to a ‘slow-velocity’ expansion with respect toγ. As a result of these combined expansions we give the weak-gravity post-Newtonian expression for the Pauli Hamiltonian of a spin-half particle in an external electromagnetic field. This extends and partially corrects recent results from the literature, which we discuss and compare in some detail.
Conformal scattering theories for tensorial wave equations on Schwarzschild spacetime
Authors: Pham Truong Xuan
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we establish the constructions of conformal scattering theories for the tensorial wave equation such as the tensorial Fackerell-Ipser and the spin ±1 Teukolsky equations on Schwarzschild spacetime. In our strategy, we construct the conformal scattering for the tensorial Fackerell-Ipser equations which are obtained from the Maxwell equation and spin ±1 Teukolsky equations. Our method combines Penrose’s conformal compactification and the energy decay results of the tensorial fields satisfying the tensorial Fackerell-Ipser equation to prove the energy equality of the fields through the conformal boundary

H

+

∪

I

+

(resp.

H

−

∪

I

−

) and the initial Cauchy hypersurface

Σ
0

=

t
=
0

. We will prove the well-posedness of the Goursat problem by using a generalization of Hörmander’s results for the tensorial wave equations. By using the results for the tensorial Fackerell-Ipser equations we will establish the construction of conformal scattering for the spin ±1 Teukolsky equations.
Simplified top-down fabrication of sub-micron silicon nanowires
Authors: Zare Pakzad Sina , Akinci Seckin , Karimzadehkhouei Mehrdad , Alaca B Erdem
Published: October 2023

Silicon nanowires are among the most promising nanotechnology building blocks in innovative devices with numerous applications as nanoelectromechanical systems. Downscaling the physical size of these devices and optimization of material functionalities by engineering their structure are two promising strategies for further enhancement of their performance for integrated circuits and future-generation sensors and actuators. Integration of silicon nanowires as transduction elements for inertial sensor applications is one prominent example for an intelligent combination of such building blocks for multiple functionalities within a single sensor. Currently, the efforts in this field are marred by the lack of batch fabrication techniques compatible with semiconductor manufacturing. Development of new fabrication techniques for such one-dimensional structures will eliminate the drawbacks associated with assembly issues. The current study aims to explore the limits of batch fabrication for a single nanowire within a thick Si layer. The objective of the current work goes beyond the state of the art with significant improvements to the recent viable approach on the monolithic fabrication of nanowires, which was based on a conformal side-wall coating for the protection of the nanoscale silicon line followed by deep etch of the substrate transforming the protected layer into a silicon nanowire. The newly developed fabrication approach eliminates side wall protection and thereby reduces both process complexity and process temperature. The technique yields promising results with possible improvements for future micro and nanofabrication processes.
A novel pendulum kinetic energy harvester based on magnetic coupling bistable buckling beam for low-power appliances in new energy buses
Authors: Li Yongxin , Zhao Zhen , Song Wenze , Wang Changhong , Wang Qingcheng , Zhang Baifu
Published: October 2023

The rapid development of internet of things technology has created an urgent demand for wireless sensors. Although wireless sensors have the advantage of widespread use, their applications are limited by power supply. This manuscript proposes a novel magnetically coupled piezoelectric kinetic energy harvester (MPKEH) system to address this issue and enable wireless sensors to be self-powered. The proposed system included four parts: motion capture module, motion transformation module, energy transformation module, and power storage module. The motion capture module, a single-pendulum, is selected to convert the vehicle’s inertial energy into the mass ball kinetic energy. The motion transformation module, which includes a double-directional rectification mechanism and a mechanical speed-up mechanism, converts two-way rotations into one-way rotations and increases rotation speed. Piezoelectric material is frequently bent in the energy transformation module to generate alternating current (AC). The power storage module rectifies AC into direct current and stores the power in the super-capacitor, which supplies power to the electrical equipment. The velocity of the mass ball under five realistic bus driving cycles is obtained using multi-body dynamics software and Simulink. Experiments revealed that the average output power of the system could be as high as 2.4 W. Charging capacitors of 100 µF, 220 µF, 470 µF, and 1000 µF to 2 V using the MPKEH system takes 25 s, 49 s, 70 s, and 238 s, respectively. In the conducted experiments using the Liaocheng University campus bus, the maximum average power output reached 1.97 W. These results suggest that the MPKEH system can effectively self-supply energy for low-power appliances in new energy buses.
Dexterous all-soft hand (DASH) with active palm: multi-functional soft hand beyond grasping
Authors: Liu Yibo , Xiao Huaping , Hao Tianze , Pang Dezhi , Wang Fagang , Liu Shuhai
Published: October 2023

Safety and adaptability are key features of anthropomorphic robotic hands and tend to receive significant attention, however, the motion of the palm, which is also an essential element of a dexterous hand, is often ignored. Not only does a rigid palm lack compliance, but its limited manipulative capacity restricts the soft anthropomorphic hand’s range of applications. Thus, in this study, we present the dexterous all-soft hand (DASH), featuring an active palm based on pneumatic actuation. The DASH is comprised of five fingers and an active palm with 11 degrees of freedom, which enable it to achieve a range of metacarpal motions as well as thumb opposition. A step-by-step casting method was used to fabricate the hand and a set of tests were performed to characterize the bending angle and the blocked force between fingers and palm. The ability of this novel hand to achieve the highest possible scores in the Kapandji test, the injection operation, scissors manipulation and unscrewing the cap was subsequently demonstrated. The DASH is the same size as an average adult female hand, and offers the additional benefits of light weight (165 g), low cost and ease of fabrication. Moreover, its manipulation ability further broadens the range of potential applications for this type of robotic hand.
Transonic plasma winds with cosmic-rays and waves
Authors: Ramzan B , Mir Zahid , Rasheed A , Jamil M
Published: October 2023

Transonic plasma winds are studied under the influence of gravitational potential well in the presence of cosmic rays and self excited Alfvén waves. We present interesting features of transonic winds originating from the gravitational potential well for a three-fluid system. The model is comprising of thermal plasma, cosmic rays and Alfvén waves. The analysis is carried out on the hydro-dynamical basis with a particular emphasis on cosmic-ray streaming instability and damping mechanism. Boundary conditions on the base of the gravitational potential well will help to explore steady-state transonic wind solutions. A critical analysis on various mass outflow rate is also presented which is applicable to know the behaviour of normal and star-burst galaxies. The dependence of the critical or sonic point is studied for different sets of physical parameters. For the graphical interpretation of the numerical results different contour plots presented to analyze impacts of different mass flow rates. We find that transonic solutions exist for a wide range of parameters. We examine the case very close to the base of the gravitational potential well and the effect of the cosmic ray diffusion is neglected in current study.
Off-diagonal approach to the exact solution of quantum integrable systems
Authors: Qiao 乔 Yi 艺 , Cao 曹 Junpeng 俊鹏 , Yang 杨 Wen-Li 文力 , Shi 石 Kangjie 康杰 , Wang 王 Yupeng 玉鹏
Published: October 2023

We investigate the t–W scheme for the anti-ferromagnetic XXX spin chain under both periodic and open boundary conditions. We propose a new parametrization of the eigenvalues of the transfer matrix. Based on it, we obtain the exact solution of the system. By analyzing the distribution of zero roots at the ground state, we obtain the explicit expressions of the eigenfunctions of the transfer matrix and the associated

W

operator (see Eqs. (10) and (70)) in the thermodynamic limit. We find that the ratio of the quantum determinant with the eigenvalue of

W

operator for the ground state exhibits exponential decay behavior. Thus this fact ensures that the so-called inversion relation (the t–W relation without the W-term) can be used to study the ground state properties of quantum integrable systems with/without U(1)-symmetry in the thermodynamic limit.
First principles simulation of early stage plasma initiation process in ITER-scale tokamak
Authors: Chew Junxian , Gibbon Paul , Brömmel Dirk , Wauters Tom , Gribov Yuri , de Vries Peter
Published: October 2023

A first principles 6D kinetic model is developed to study the earliest times of unassisted plasma breakdown in an International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)-scale tokamak. This is then used for a comparative study of the predicted ionisation rate and the electron parallel velocity between the standard model for tokamak breakdown, assuming a zero-D (OD) Townsend avalanche, and the new kinetic model. The detailed model allows us to study the influence of the magnetic field configurations on the formation of plasma while explicitly resolving the electron trajectories. We introduce a ‘back-traced’ connection length L
bt as a useful predictive tool for the spatial distribution of charged particles during the breakdown process. It is also found that the ionisation rate and the mean electron parallel velocity from the kinetic model generally exceed the 0D model predictions, demonstrating a growth in the total electron population from 103 to the order of 108 in approximately 1 ms. This implies that the 0D model can still serve as a conservative prediction for the first plasma campaign on ITER.