bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Cristina Garcia Maria , Marinari Maddalena
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses four decades of U.S. immigration policy since 1980. The legislative and policy changes that occurred after 1980 came in response to the rise in unauthorized migration; the changing economic landscape at home; the rise in domestic and international terrorism; and humanitarian obligations to refugees and asylum seekers. This chapter also introduces readers to the scholars who have contributed essays to the anthology and the topics they will address.
Eliminating Immigrants in the Era of Mass Incarceration
Authors: Young Elliott
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines immigrant incarceration and deportation in relation to the criminal justice reforms of the past decades. The “tough-on-crime” policies that began in the 1980s, and which led to more intense policing of communities of color and the implementation of mandatory sentencing guidelines, had particular consequences for immigrants, trapping them in a “crimmigration web” that has resulted in an unprecedented number of detentions and formal removals. Immigrant incarceration and removal have become part of a “mass elimination system” that affects more than half a million immigrants every year.
Legislating Diversity in the Immigration Act of 1990
Authors: Goodman Carly
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the ideological origins of the diversity visa lottery established by the 1990 Immigration Act. The author discusses the policymakers who advocated for the creation of a “diversity visa,” in large part to accommodate more Irish immigration to the United States. Over time, the program proved far more expansive than its proponents initially intended and became a major channel of African immigration. The program’s successful inclusion in the 1990 legislation, and its longevity and survival even into the Trump era, “tapped into something fundamental about how Americans, especially American liberals, like to imagine themselves” and the idea of the American Dream.
In the Name of National Security
Authors: Rose Kraut Julia
Published: January 2024

This chapter discusses the history of ideological exclusion from the Cold War to the War on Terror. During the 1980s, in response to actions by the Reagan administration, Congress and members of the public pushed to repeal the security provisions in place since the McCarran-Walter Act of 1952 that had barred certain individuals from immigrating—or even traveling to—the United States because of their political associations, views, and expressions. Despite some success in repealing certain national security provisions, the apparatus and mechanisms used to carry out ideological exclusions remained intact well into the twenty-first century. As the perceived national security threat shifted from communism to terrorism, the national security provisions also shifted to focus on antiterrorism, which produced a public outcry not unlike that raised during the height of the Cold War, as Americans worried about the suppression of dissent and the continued use of guilt by association to restrict entrance to the United States.
“Uncle Sam Wants You Dead or Deported”
Authors: Capó Julio
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how particular notions of sexuality, gender, and anti-Black animus coalesced in the formation of U.S. immigration policy in the 1980s and 1990s. The author offers a new interpretation of this period by examining the major policy shifts alongside influential but lesser-known judicial decisions and executive orders that barred sexual nonconforming immigrants and others the state deemed dangerous and objectionable. Understanding the past four decades requires not only an appreciation for how immigration policy dovetailed with U.S. foreign policy interests but also how shifts in political culture, including changes in the LGBTQ, feminist, Black, and Latinx movements, brought about change.
Does Exclusion Follow the Flag?
Authors: Riddell William D.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how organized labors’ efforts to resist the effects of empire by aligning with it disrupted the imperial labor process and led to a domestic class struggle for control over the boundaries of the emerging U.S. empire. More specifically, this chapter centers on organized labor’s efforts to apply Chinese and Japanese exclusion to the United States’ empire on the Pacific after the Spanish-American War, as well as the Sailor’s Union of the Pacific’s attempt to apply exclusion to U.S. merchant vessels. It argues that by placing racialized, legal safeguards between nation and empire, a metropolitan imperial framework emerged around the North American white settler territory of the U.S. imperial system.
Riding the Waves of Empire
Authors: Riddell William D.
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines how the SUP and the ISU dealt with their failure to include U.S. flagged ships in the 1902 exclusion law by moving from aligning with empire to using U.S. imperial expansion as an alternative means of insulating the maritime labor market from foreign Chinese competition. Initially, the shift from aligning with empire to using empire meant capitalizing on the physical expansion of sovereign U.S. territory into the Pacific as a means of possibly extending the jurisdictional coverage of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The ISU then embarked on a much more ambitious effort, in the form of the 1915 La Follette Seamen’s Act, to foist Chinese exclusion on the foreign merchant trade by riding the more abstract, economic forces of U.S. imperial expansion.
Agents of Empire
Authors: Riddell William D.
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the effect the First World War had on the International Seamen’s Union of America’s (ISU) efforts to amalgamate merchant sailors with the national interest by reimagining them as agents of empire and argues that the war temporarily affirmed but ultimately subverted these ambitions. Despite the massive increase in membership and wages for the ISU, the war also served to consolidate the U.S. shipping industry on a scale never before seen and entangled the industry within a corporatist state structure that the government could easily turn against the ISU. In short, while the war may have empowered the ISU, it had made the shipping industry even more powerful and profitable.
Conclusion
Authors: Riddell William D.
Published: January 2024

This chapter emphasizes the important and powerful role of borders, whether real or imagined, in the lives of working people. More specifically, this chapter asks what lessons the class struggle over America’s borders offer broader working-class efforts to insulate uneven labor markets. The answer to this question lies in the divergent fortunes of the wider American Federation of Labor (AFL)-led craft union movement and the International Seamen’s Union of America (ISU) specifically. Where the AFL succeeded in protecting its members from U.S. colonial and imperial labor markets, the ISU failed. Why did the ISU fail where the AFL succeeded? The key difference was that the ISU represented workers in an industry that was both transnational and operationally mobile, whereas broader U.S. industry was not.
Technology and the Future of Construction Work
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

Construction tends to be overlooked in the “future of work” literature as it is generally considered to be a backward industry hostile to innovation. In general, resistance to change is overstated. Workers have accepted new tools and technology if they enhance productivity and safety. With some exceptions, the value of robots is limited due to the uneven and multistory terrain of construction sites but drones, lasers, and other new instruments have become more popular. CAD, BIM, and modeling have made inroads into the industry. In a decentralized industry, however, smaller contractors are reluctant to invest in expensive technology with long-term payback.
Many Rivers to Cross: Organizing and Diversity
Authors: Erlich Mark
Published: January 2024

The chapter explains tradition of conservatism and opposition to organizing in building trades unions as exemplified by the careers of William Hutcheson, George Meany, and Peter Brennan. As density declined, disinterest in organizing hampered union rejuvenation. In the early 1990s, COMET training program offered an alternate perspective, but had to counter long-standing complacency. Establishing a culture of inclusion and growth required confronting the long history of fundamental racial and gender discrimination. In addition, contractor and union racism rejected the growing number of Latino workers. In a workforce historically made up of European immigrants, a modern form of unionism will have to include the newest group of immigrants along with African Americans and women.
The Digital NBA
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

This book takes readers through the constitutive spaces of the sports media industry, including live events, arenas, wires and infrastructures, executive offices, and the home viewing environment. In doing so, the book highlights how the NBA and its peers in the NFL, MLB, and NHL have evolved far beyond the administrative organizations they had once been, leveraging emerging distribution technologies to transform themselves into globally successful and fully integrated media producer-distributors. While the book provides an organizational view of the NBA’s global operations, it also examines how these approaches to sports media have changed historically, from the NBA’s initial investments in cable during the 1980s to internet distribution and direct-broadcast satellite during the 1990s and then to streaming technologies during the 2000s. Over time, the mass multinational address made possible by streaming platforms has encouraged a global media ecosystem, in which fans stream the same content at the same time anywhere in the world. The case of the NBA, therefore, offers the fullest picture of the past, present, and future of the sports media industry and best demonstrates the ongoing mediatization of sport, as sports such as basketball come to be conceived, produced, and distributed as television programs first and foremost.
The International House of Hoops
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

The introduction establishes the contemporary state of global sports media. The industry’s evolution is explained by the historical and integrated processes of mediatization and marketization, which reflects the transformation of sport into media content and sports leagues into media conglomerates. A survey of prior scholarship on the historical development of global television thus helps stage this inquiry, as the NBA benefits from the international deregulation of the television industry and the localization strategies of the television format trade. Scholarship on sports television, moreover, stages the historical ambivalence about the sports-television relationship, wherein the interests of television are seen as dominating the interests of sports alone. Ultimately, the NBA serves as an exemplar and driver of the global multiplatform state of the sports media industry.
The Venue
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the role of sports venues in production, distribution, and circulation. As teams construct new state-of-the-art arenas, owners and partners with ties to Silicon Valley technology firms have guided the path of live spectatorship further into mediated spectatorship through emerging technologies. The arena space has come to be regarded as a media platform in and of itself by the individuals and institutions that program the content circulating in and from its walls. An examination of the sports media industry at the arena level highlights the role of predatory capital, global media interests, public finance, and technology companies in steering the media infrastructures of sport; the tension between sport as civic good and commercial entity; and the global geopolitical relationships that manifest in the arena space.
The Couch
Authors: Secular Steven
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the multiplatform ecosystem of televisions and smart devices within the home. As many viewers cut cable subscriptions, the NBA has expanded the reach of its streaming service, League Pass, and made specialized feeds tailored to specific interests. At the same time, major cable providers have launched streaming services of their own, including ESPN+ and NBC Peacock, rearranging revenues as cable subscriptions decline. In turn, social media platforms and sports news apps have partnered with sports leagues to build a multiscreen ecosystem to direct attention toward telecasts or other lucrative media outlets. Ultimately, the chapter highlights the complex relationship between sports leagues and their audiences, as the leagues chase home viewers’ attention while viewers can watch only where the sports are made available.
Semicolonials and Soviets
Authors: Wood Tony
Published: January 2024

This chapter looks at the experience of Latin American communists in the USSR in the late 1920s and early 1930s as a prism for understanding the relations between Latin American parties and the global communist movement. Drawing on the Comintern archives in Moscow, sources from Mexico and Cuba, and personal testimonies, it explores how Latin Americans attempted to reshape the Comintern’s understanding of their region and how their personal and political trajectories were remade—in some cases with drastic consequences—by their sojourns in the Soviet capital. The transnational encounters of figures such as the Ecuadorean Ricardo Paredes, the Cuban Sandalio Junco and the Brazilian Héitor Ferreira Lima offer a privileged window onto a key phase in the development of the region’s communist movement.
A Political and Transnational Ménage à Trois
Authors: Power Margaret M.
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the relationships among the Puerto Rican Nationalist Party (PNPR), the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), and the Communist Party of Puerto Rico (PCP) from the mid-1930s through the mid-1940s. The PCP and the CPUSA had close ties with each other and an uneven connection with the PNPR. All three parties supported a free Puerto Rico, but only the Nationalists consistently prioritized ending U.S. colonialism. While the Nationalists opposed fascism, they continued to fight for independence. The CPUSA and the PCP upheld the demand for Puerto Rican independence, even though they backed the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration’s anti-independence policies. Further, the communist parties linked independence to socialism and the working class while they called on all Puerto Ricans, regardless of class, to unite against colonialism.
Afterword
Authors: Harmer Tanya
Published: January 2024

As a conclusion to Transnational Communism across the Americas, historian Tanya Harmer offers a penetrating analysis of the main themes that run throughout the chapters in this book and situates them in a broader historiographic context. Approaching the history of communist movements from a transnational perspective opens up new frameworks for reflecting on the often-overlooked involvement of women in transnational communism while also challenging our traditional understandings of colonialism, imperialism, and the so-called Global South. More broadly, she suggests how the chapters in this volume can alter how we think about topics like communism and the Cold War.
Quality of life in elderly schoolteachers during the covid-19 pandemic living in a vulnerable area of Northern Lima
Authors: Asencios-Trujillo Lucia , Asencios-Trujillo Lida , La Rosa-Longobardi Carlos , Gallegos-Espinoza Djamila , Piñas-Rivera Livia
Published: January 2024

The quality of life is one of the conditions of physical, emotional and social well-being of older adults who are left vulnerable in the coronavirus pandemic, therefore, the objective of the research is to determine the quality of life in elderly school teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic living in a vulnerable area of North Lima. It is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and non-experimental study, with a population of 122 older adults who answered a questionnaire of sociodemographic data and the instrument to measure the quality of life. In its results, 13,1 % (n=16) of the older adults have a poor quality of life, 73 % (n=89) have a moderately good quality of life and 13,9 % (n=17) have a good quality of life. In conclusion, the health care system should be strengthened in different areas according to the needs of the elderly, including psycho-emotional support and nutrition programs.
Agro-sciences for innovation in teaching management at the "AIDA GALLEGOS" educational unit
Authors: Cangui Basantes Milton Orlando , Lamus de Rodríguez Tibisay Milene , Tiglla Iglecias Jessica Alejandra , Cerda Solís Gina Maricruz , Casco Hinojosa Jaime Danilo
Published: January 2024

The lack of knowledge of a pedagogical strategy based on the Agogical Sciences and the psychobiological stages and particularities of the students' age has caused low academic performance of the students, causing little interest in learning; Therefore, it became necessary to consider the objective of determining the knowledge about agogic sciences in the innovation of teaching management that the teachers of the “Aida Gallegos” educational unit have. The methodological approach was focused on the quantitative and descriptive research, where a survey was applied through a closed questionnaire to the 34 teachers of the institution. The results found showed that there are weaknesses in the knowledge of agogic strategies, so the curriculum must be aligned at all levels; This awakens the motivation of teachers to apply strategies in which psychobiological elements can be developed in students. It was concluded that authorities must take into account educational levels and sublevels to direct them towards innovation and strengthening educational management.
Influence of the use of social networks on exports of Peruvian textile companies, 2023
Authors: Huamani Santo Jesus , Cala Fuentes Mary Lisbeth , Espiritu-Martinez Antony Paul , Luquiños-Sedeno María Guadalupe , Mamani Laura Marilí Ruth , Arapa Apaza Henry Valentin
Published: January 2024

As a means of disseminating a product or service, social networks play an important role in modern business, and their contribution is crucial for improving business management. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the use of social networks on the exports of textile companies in Peru, 2023. It was a quantitative, non-experimental and correlational-causal study. The sample included entrepreneurs from 300 companies in the textile sector, and a survey was applied to collect information, consisting of 20 items. According to the results, 41 % of the companies surveyed use social networks, and 39 % indicate that they export. The Chi-square value obtained was 708,356 (p-value < 0,05), indicating a positive influence between the study variables. Regarding the dimensions, the influence was significantly positive: activities in social networks (χ2=543,983), sales channel (χ2=649,975) and advertising (χ2=507,325). It is concluded that the use of social networks significantly influences the exports of textile companies in Peru, 2023.
RE-THINKING CONTEMPORARY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (IR) IN ISLAM
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, Yusof Danial
Published: January 2024

The organising principle of international relations (IR) in Islam is distinguished by two approaches. Firstly, the conflict-oriented traditionalist view that divides the world into dār al-Islām and dār al-ḥarb that incorporates qitāl or fight into its theory of foreign relations between states, the rule of law and security of Muslims; and also daʿwah as a core responsibility of the Islamic state. Secondly, the pacifist or non­ traditional view of the realist one world or dar al ʿahd where Muslim countries enter into covenants and have diplomatic ties with non-Muslim countries, build military power with restricted conditions for its use; and facilitate daʿwah through peaceful and cooperative relations. This paper will argue that the two approaches in relation to the organising principle of IR in Islam i.e. the division of dār al-Islām and dār al-ḥarb, and dār al- ʿahd have commonalities with the neo-realist and neo-liberal approaches of conventional IR theory and can also acquire sophistication from constructivism and other alternative approaches. It will also argue that with a more nuanced interpretation of IR theory in Islam, the behaviour of states and non-state Muslim actors will be better accounted for as a descriptive and normative exercise.
REVIVING KALĀM JADĪD IN THE MODERN AGE:THE PERPETUAL RELEVANCE OF AL-GHAZALI AND FAKHR AL-DIN AL-RAZI
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, Mohd Dom Adi Setia
Published: January 2024

The new kalām (kalām jadīd or new dialectics) intellectual movement started by al-Ghazālī and matured by Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī succeeded in putting all the hellenising philosophical and natural sciences within the theological and epistemological ambit of tradition. This historical success provides pertinent lessons for Muslim scholars and intellectuals today to formulate what can be called a kalām al- ʿasr, or the Dialectics of the Age, in order to bring tradition to engage creatively and evaluatively with the challenge and allure of contemporary westernising sciences.
INVOLVEMENT OF RELIGIOUS LEADERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AND CONSERVATION ACTIVITIES IN MALAYSIA: A PRELIMINARY REVIEW
Authors:   Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Malaysia, Sobian Azrina
Published: January 2024

This article presents an early review of the involvement of religious leaders in environmental awareness and conservation activities particularly in developing regions such as Malaysia. The discussion includes the importance, challenges, and some suggestions to enhance the involvement of religious leaders in achieving sustainable development. This early review concludes that participation of religious leaders in environmental education and conservation in developing countries is visible but efforts to enhance their participation should be further explored. Studies on the relationship between religious leaders and environmental education and conservation in developing nations should also be increased in the quest to understand the role of religious leaders in sustainable development. The efforts to enhance religious leaders’ participation in sustainable development hopefully will attract higher participation of the society in various environmental conservation programmes.
CONTENTIOUS SALES IN ISLAMIC BANKING AND FINANCE: ANALYSIS ON THEIR PROXIMITY TO RIBĀ
Authors:   Ahlia University, Bahrai, Suharto Ugi
Published: January 2024

This article discusses four controversial sales in Islamic banking and finance, each having the potentials to be used as legal stratagems (ḥiyal) to cover up the ribawi transactions: bayʿ al-ʿīnah, tawarruq, bayʿ al-dayn, and bayʿ al-wafāʾ (or bayʿ al-istighlāl). Yet, Islamic bank and finance industries in the world rely on such types of sales in their transactions. Malaysian Islamic banks and capital markets depend heavily on bayʿ al-ʿīnah and bayʿ al-dayn, while the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries rely a great deal on tawarruq and bayʿ al-wafāʾ (or bayʿ al-istighlāl). Regarding tawarruq as a sale contract in Islamic banking and finance, Muslim economists have put forward its negative macro-economic implications. Similarly, some Shariʿah scholars who have endorsed some of the aforementioned sales are now re-questioning their validity. Not only have individual scholars had contrary opinions but institutional Shariʿah standard bodies at the international level also differ on them. Furthermore, the term “Shariʿah compliant” itself seems inadequate to reflect the true intention and objectives (maqāṣid) of the Shariʿah in the transaction contracts of Islamic banking and finance employing those four contentious sales.
RELIGION AND POLITICS: AN ANALYTICAL INQUIRY OF CONTEMPORARY REFORM MOVEMENTS IN IRAN
Authors:   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia, F. Yousif Ahmad , Bani Kamal Abdol Moghset ,   International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: January 2024

The revolution of Iran has changed the political system of the country from monarchy to theocracy. The new structure has been under criticism regarding the compatibility of such a political ideology in the modern world. Today, there are three intellectual discourses in the Iranian socio-political structure, each with its own arguments and counter arguments. This paper examines the ideologies of the discourses, in the light of both their approaches and applications into the Iranian society. It will also provide an in-depth analysis of each discourse, and their present and future directions in the country.
La crisis y retos del Sistema de Protección Interamericano de Derechos Humanos
Authors: Ruz Saldívar Carlos
Published: January 2024

El presente ensayo reflexiona en torno a dos temas, el primero de ellos, a la crisis económica añeja que viene enfrentando el Sistema de Protección Interamericano de Derechos Humanos, cuyas fuentes principales de financiamiento complementario son de ultramar, lo que se traduce en un desdén regional por la Comisión y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Por otra parte, también se analiza que la zona aún enfrenta una crisis por las continuas violaciones a los derechos humanos de sus ciudadanos, las cosas no han cambiado mucho desde el pacto de San José en 1969, es evidente que la jurisdicción externa aporta en coadyuvar a la impartición de justicia en la zona, lo que robustece la hipótesis de que debe paliarse la crisis económica de nuestro sistema de protección y no depender de las donaciones voluntarias y en su lugar, constituirse como una obligación de los estados miembros de la Organización de los Estados Americanos (O.E.A.)
Contribución al conocimiento de los Microlepidoptera, con nuevas citas para España y otras aportaciones de interés (Insecta: Lepidoptera)
Authors: Gastón J. , Revilla Tx. , Vives Moreno A.
Published: January 2024

Se menciona por primera vez para España la presencia de Caloptilia perseae (Busck, 1920) (Islas Canarias, Gracillariidae), Megacraspedus peyerimhoffi Le Cerf, 1925, Dichomeris ustalella (Fabricius, 1794), Dichomeris li­mosellus (Schläger, 1849) (Gelechiidae), Bactra simpliciana Chrétien, 1915 y Dichrorampha agilana (Tengström, 1848) (Tortricidae). Se menciona información adicional para Oporopsamma dunaria (Sumpich, 2011) (Tortricidae). Se presenta, por primera vez la genitalia de las hembras de Spilonota gallinerana (Sumpich, 2011) y de Eucosma al­barracina (Hartig, 1941) (Tortricidae).
การพัฒนาระบบบริหารจัดการสำนักงาน ตัวแทนประกันภัย หาง‍ดง‍-‍สะ‍เมิง (สี่แยกสะเมิง)
Authors: พละหงษ์ วิชา , สุวรรณศรี พิมพ์ชนก
Published: January 2024

การพัฒนาระบบบริหารจัดการ สำนักงานตัวแทนประกันภัย หางดง – สะเมิง (สี่แยกสะเมิง) มีวัตถุประสงค์ 1) เพื่อพัฒนาโปรแกรมระบบบริหารจัดการสำนักงานตัวแทนประกันภัย หาง‍ดง‍-‍สะ‍เมิง (สี่แยกสะเมิง)   2) เพื่อศึกษาความพึงพอใจในการใช้งานระบบบริหารจัดการสำนักงานตัวแทนประกันภัย หาง‍ดง‍ -  สะ‍เมิง  (สี่แยกสะ‍เมิง)  กลุ่มตัวอย่าง คือเจ้าของกิจการ จำนวน 1 คน และพนักงานประจำสำนักงาน  จำนวน 2 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการพัฒนา ได้แก่ โปรแกรมระบบบริหารจัดการสำนักงานตัวแทนประกันภัย หาง‍ดง‍ - สะ‍เมิง (สี่แยกสะเมิง) และแบบสอบถามความพึงพอใจในประสิทธิภาพโปรแกรมระบบบริหารจัดการสำนักงานตัวแทนประกันภัย หาง‍ดง‍-‍สะ‍เมิง (สี่แยกสะเมิง) สถิติที่ใช้คือ ค่าเฉลี่ย และส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน  ผลการวิจัย พบว่า 1) ระบบมีการบริหารจัดการเก็บข้อมูลผู้เข้ารับบริการเป็นระเบียบ ง่ายต่อการสืบค้นเรียกใช้งาน ลดเวลาในการให้บริการ มีการคำนวณยอดรวมใบเสร็จรับเงินที่เที่ยงตรงรวดเร็ว แสดงสถานะบริการแก่ผู้เข้าใช้ บันทึกรายงานยอดการเข้ารับบริการย้อนหลัง แยกตามรายละเอียดยอดการขายทั้งต้นทุนและกำไร  และนำผลที่ได้ไปประกอบการวิเคราะห์บริหารจัดการในสำนักงานได้   2) ผลการประเมินความ  พึงพอใจในการใช้งานของเจ้าของกิจการและพนักงาน พบว่าความพึงพอใจในประสิทธิภาพ ด้านสารสนเทศโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด ด้านระบบโดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมาก และด้านประโยชน์ที่ได้รับ โดยรวมอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด
Visualizing the target estimand in comparative effectiveness studies with multiple treatments
Authors: Simoneau Gabrielle , Mitroiu Marian , Debray Thomas PA , Wei Wei , Wijn Stan RW , Magalhães Joana Caldas , Bohn Justin , Shen Changyu , Pellegrini Fabio , Moor Carl de
Published: January 2024

Aim:
Comparative effectiveness research using real-world data often involves pairwise propensity score matching to adjust for confounding bias. We show that corresponding treatment effect estimates may have limited external validity, and propose two visualization tools to clarify the target estimand.
Materials & methods:
We conduct a simulation study to demonstrate, with bivariate ellipses and joy plots, that differences in covariate distributions across treatment groups may affect the external validity of treatment effect estimates. We showcase how these visualization tools can facilitate the interpretation of target estimands in a case study comparing the effectiveness of teriflunomide (TERI), dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and natalizumab (NAT) on manual dexterity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Results:
In the simulation study, estimates of the treatment effect greatly differed depending on the target population. For example, when comparing treatment B with C, the estimated treatment effect (and respective standard error) varied from -0.27 (0.03) to -0.37 (0.04) in the type of patients initially receiving treatment B and C, respectively. Visualization of the matched samples revealed that covariate distributions vary for each comparison and cannot be used to target one common treatment effect for the three treatment comparisons. In the case study, the bivariate distribution of age and disease duration varied across the population of patients receiving TERI, DMF or NAT. Although results suggest that DMF and NAT improve manual dexterity at 1 year compared with TERI, the effectiveness of DMF versus NAT differs depending on which target estimand is used.
Conclusion:
Visualization tools may help to clarify the target population in comparative effectiveness studies and resolve ambiguity about the interpretation of estimated treatment effects.
Classificação ou Regressão? Avaliando Coesão Textual em Redações no contexto do ENEM
Authors: Oliveira Hilário , Mello Rafael Ferreira , Miranda Péricles , Alexandre Bruno , Cordeiro Thiago , Bittencourt Ig Ibert , Isotani Seiji
Published: January 2024

A produção textual de redações é uma etapa importante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, pois permite aos alunos expressarem suas ideias. A coesão textual é um critério fundamental nesse contexto. Apesar do interesse em abordagens automatizadas para avaliação de redações, ainda existem poucos estudos que focam na coesão textual em redações escritas em português do Brasil. Este trabalho investiga três abordagens de aprendizado de máquina, comparando o uso de classificação e regressão, para estimar notas relacionadas à coesão de redações no contexto do ENEM. As abordagens investigadas utilizam a medida TF-IDF, representações contextuais multidimensionais e o uso de modelos baseados no BERT. Experimentos foram realizados usando 6.563 redações do corpus Essay-BR estendido. O modelo BERTimbau base para classificação obteve o melhor desempenho, com uma correlação moderada de Pearson e um nível razoável de concordância, com base no coeficiente linear de Kappa, em relação às notas dos avaliadores humanos.
Proposta Inicial de um Conjunto de Heurísticas para Avaliação de Sistemas Educacionais Gamificados
Authors: Frezato Otávio Felipe dos Santos , Coleti Thiago Adriano , Valle Pedro Henrique Dias
Published: January 2024

Nos últimos anos, diversas iniciativas têm sido propostas para motivar os alunos a aprender conteúdos educacionais e também para engajá-los nos processos de aprendizagem. Dentre elas, destaca-se a gamificação, que pode proporcionar diferentes benefícios, como motivação, engajamento, aprendizagem ativa, feedback imediato, colaboração e trabalho em equipe. Apesar disso, existem alguns efeitos negativos que a gamificação pode promover quando os sistemas educacionais gamificados são utilizados na prática sem possuírem boa qualidade. Portanto, é necessário utilizar mecanismos para avaliar a qualidade desses sistemas. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo propor um novo conjunto de heurísticas para avaliar os sistemas educacionais gamificados.
A Comparative Analysis Between Good Feedback Descriptors on Online Courses
Authors: Cavalcanti Anderson Pinheiro , Rolim Vitor Belarmino , Gašević Dragan , Mello Rafael Ferreira
Published: January 2024

Feedback is a critical component of the teaching-learning process. Through it, teachers share relevant information so that students understand the subjects and activities, in addition to promoting self-regulation. However, the activity of writing and sharing feedback is not easy and may even lead to students’ demotivation. Given this, it is possible to find several works in the educational research literature that propose good practices for elaborating textual feedback. This work aims to analyze the relationship between different models of good practices for feedback and the relationship between English feedback and Portuguese feedback using an epistemic network (ENA). The results show that some characteristics are similar, but the models do not have a direct relationship. It is concluded that a combination of these models can improve the analysis of feedback quality.
Previsão de Reprovações em Disciplinas Introdutórias de Programação: Um Estudo em um Ambiente de Correção Automática de Códigos
Authors: Silva Carlos Eduardo Paulino , Solano João Lucas Silva , Santos André Gustavo dos , Reis Julio Cesar Soares dos
Published: January 2024

Este artigo descreve o uso de técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina aplicadas ao contexto educacional para prever, o quanto antes, os alunos com tendência de reprovação em uma disciplina introdutória de programação em um curso superior de Ciência da Computação. Essa previsão pode permitir ao professor, através de uma atenção especial para esses alunos, reverter essa tendência. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram utilizados dados de interação dos alunos com um ambiente de correção automática de códigos durante a resolução de exercícios nas aulas práticas da disciplina. A modelagem que obteve o melhor resultado teve uma acurácia de 80,00% e uma revocação de 77,78% com dados de 6 semanas de aulas de um total de 12.
EMU Reform Mechanisms
Authors: Siegle Clara Isabella
Published: January 2024

In a case study of Ireland and Spain, the author establishes a framework that explains how reforms were enabled in the EMU during the eurozone crisis through a mechanism of interdependence between the member state and the European levels. The strong interconnection between both levels proved to be both a cause and a remedy: Each level being dependent on the other´s reliable functioning created an upward spiral of mutually perpetuated reform and thus a process of deepening integration. The author shows that this high degree of interconnectedness was induced by weaknesses on both levels and a simultaneous inability to single-handedly introduce changes, which thus necessitated external intervention by the respective other level.
Affectivism
Authors: Peng Hsiao-yen
Published: January 2024

Believing that “all things between Heaven and Earth are sentient,” a Buddhist and Confucian teaching, the Lifeview school invented the theory of affectivism, intervening in the global dialectic of affect and reason. Proposed in 1922 by Liang Shuming’s student Zhu Qianzhi, the concept maintains that, while Kant’s epistemology is unable to reach the unknown, for the ontological approach qing (affect) is the truth of the universe. Referring to the Book of Changes tradition and resonating with Zhang Dongsun’s view of Bergson, Zhu argues that the truth of the universe is affective flows, which, like life itself, is holistic and changes unceasingly. For Zhu, the search for true affects winds up inevitably in everyday life praxis. Another proponent of the concept, Yuan Jiahua, criticizing Bergson’s rigid dichotomy between reason and intuition, maintains that reason is based on intuition. Yuan’s idea of qingren情人‎ (homo sentimentalis, the sentimental man) is a critique of Nietzsche’s Superman.
Conclusion
Authors: Peng Hsiao-yen
Published: January 2024

Fang Dongmei, one of the forerunners of New Confucianism, summarizes neatly the Science and Lifeview debate in 1927: “The Universe and life are a harmonious unity of affect and reason, which should not be divided.” Borrowing from Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865), he deftly points out that, spending hundreds of years from the Middle Ages on to modern times searching for the secret of life, Europeans are just like the little girl Alice, who is eager to open the door to the mysterious garden she is peeping at, but, after several futile attempts, fails to grasp the key to the door. For Fang, life (the realm of philosophy), driven by the endless creative evolution of desire and impulses, should be united with the universe (the realm of science), governed by the order of things and external appearances (sexiang色相‎, a Buddhist term). He maintains that the pursuit of knowledge should aid life: “Without you, Life, what’s the worth of knowledge?” The end of the chapter discusses the impact of life philosophy on the May Fourth period and after, including Wumingshi’s six-volume masterpiece, Wumingshu (The Nameless Book), written between 1945 and 1960.
Ultrasound-Guided, Mid-Forearm Median Nerve Block for Relief of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Pain in the Emergency Department: A Case Report
Authors: Puebla Daniel L. , Luchitsky Ilya , Montes De Oca Roman , Shalaby Michael , Farrow II Robert A.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common complaint in the emergency department (ED) and accounts for approximately 90% of all peripheral neuropathies.6 Pain control from injection with corticosteroids into the carpal tunnel space is associated with multiple possible complications including atrophy, iatrogenic median nerve injury, and skin changes. Ultrasound (US)-guided mid-forearm median nerve block is an ED procedure that can be used to avoid direct injection into the carpal tunnel space. Here we present a case report proposing the use of US-guided mid-forearm block as a safe and effective adjunct to the management of acute pain caused by CTS.Case Report: A previously healthy 44-year-old, right-hand dominant female presented to the ED with left wrist pain. Her clinical exam and US ﬁndings were consistent with CTS. Given her allergy to non-steroidal anti-inﬂammatory drugs, she was offered a median nerve block, which was performed in the ED. The patient reported continued pain relief 24 hours after discharge from the ED.Conclusion: There is limited data on the use of US-guided mid-forearm median nerve block as an acute pain management tool for CTS in the ED. The US-guided median nerve block done in the mid-forearm location can provide pain control for those with CTS while reducing the risk of complications associated with direct carpal tunnel injection.
Case Report: Pediatric Thyroid Storm Presenting to the Emergency Department with Afebrile Seizure
Authors: Klein Daniel J. , Rose Emily
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Seizures are a common presenting complaint and account for approximately 1% of total emergency department (ED) visits. Seizures are especially common in children less than ﬁve years old as they have a lower seizure threshold as compared to adults. One potentially dangerous etiology that is far less common, especially in children, is thyroid storm, the extreme manifestationof hyperthyroidism.Case Report: We describe the case of a 3-year-old girl who presented to the ED with an afebrile seizure but was found to be in thyroid storm. This case should serve as a reminder for emergency physicians to consider thyroid disease when evaluating patients presenting with seizures.Conclusion: Although most pediatric seizures are self-limited and frequently benign, it is imperative that the emergency physician evaluate for and rule out any potentially associated dangerous conditions such as thyroid storm.
Median Arcuate Ligament Syndrome in 17-year-old Male with Abdominal Pain: Case Report
Authors: Doctor Jessica , Henderson Jonathan
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is an uncommon cause of chronic abdominal pain resulting from the compression of the celiac artery. It shares symptoms with chronic functional abdominal pain, a more common cause of pediatric chronic abdominal pain. Typically found in middle-aged females, MALS is a diagnosis of exclusion.Case Report: A 17-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with periumbilical pain for two months was subsequently diagnosed with MALS through computed tomography angiography. Further vascular and gastroenterology evaluations conﬁrmed the diagnosis, ruling out other common causes of chronic abdominal pain. The patient received non-operative treatment in the form of endoscopic ultrasound celiac plexus block, with the possibility of surgical management if necessary.Conclusion: Median arcuate ligament syndrome is an uncommon cause of chronic abdominal pain that is difﬁcult to differentiate from other causes, especially in pediatric patients. It should be considered in the patient whose previous workup was not conclusive and symptom management had failed. Management is multidisciplinary with non-operative management preferred initially. If there is no improvement, surgical management should be considered.
Spontaneously Conceived Ruptured Heterotopic Pregnancy Presenting with Chest Pain and Dyspnea: A Case Report
Authors: Nasrollahi Farrah , Cao Kevin , Hohbein Janae , Eilbert Wesley
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Heterotopic pregnancy, deﬁned as simultaneous intrauterine and ectopic pregnancy, is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy has signiﬁcantly increased in the modern era, primarily due to use of assisted reproductive technology. Heterotopic pregnancy in the absence of risk factors is uncommon. The symptoms of heterotopic pregnancy are similar to those of ectopic pregnancy, primarily abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding.Case Report: We report a case of heterotopic pregnancy occurring in the absence of risk factors and presenting with primary symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath.Conclusion: While uncommon, heterotopic pregnancy may occur in patients without risk factors and may present with atypical symptoms such as chest pain and shortness of breath.
Effectiveness of Guard Zone in Mitigating Interference in D2D Underlaid Cellular Networks
Authors: Mohamed Amira , Mousa Mohamed H. , Nassar Hamed
Published: January 2024

Device-to-device (D2D) communications, a promising technology, let cellular devices that are close to each other connect with one another directly, by passing the network infrastructure. As such, the technology provides the cellular network with many benefits, such as higher sum data rates, lower latency, extended coverage, higher energy efficiency, added security, higher spectral efficiency, and more useful services like inexpensive file caching. However, it comes with a cost—the interference underlaid D2D users inflict on cellular users at the base station when both use the same uplink frequency, which is the prefered reuse mode. This cost can, however, be reduced using a guard zone—a disk around the base station (BS) where D2D communications are not allowed. This simple and easy to implement approach, which has unfortunately not received enough research attention, is demonstrated in the present article to be highly effective in reducing the interference to cellular users. We leverage for this demonstration the mathematical tool of stochastic geometry. With the assumption that the BSs are distributed as a Poisson point process (PPP), we construct an analytical model to characterize the coverage probability of the cellular user in the presence of D2D nodes. The numerical results obtained, which are validated by rigorous Monte Carlo simulations, confirm that the guard zone approach is highly effective in protecting the cellular user from potential D2D interference.
“METRIKA”: Electronics Trainer Media for Supporting Learning in the Application of Ohm's Law and Kirchhoff's Law
Authors: Sya'ban Andrian Nur , Faiza Delsina , Thamrin  , Jasril Ilmiyati Rahmy
Published: January 2024

Rancang bangun trainer hukum Ohm dan hukum Kirchoff ini merupakan sebuah inovasi untuk menciptakan alat yang mampu membantu proses pembelajaran terutama pada materi mengenai hukum Ohm dan hukum Kirchoff. Trainer ini memanfaatkan modul AC to DC converter dan modul DC to DC stepdown sebagai penyuplai daya pada trainer. Trainer ini terdiri dari beberapa bagian yaitu : power supply, rangkaian, alat ukur. Hukum Ohm dan hukum Kirchoff adalah beberapa hukum – hukum dasar elektronika. Dalam proses pembelajaran pada saat siswa melakukan praktikum, bahan dan alat praktikum sering berantakan dan proses praktikum tidak terstruktur dengan baik. Manfaat dari trainer ini membantu proses praktikum siswa agar proses praktikum lebih baik dan terstruktur.
Kata kunci: Trainer; Hukum Ohm; Hukum Kirchoff; Rancang Bangun
استخدام الصورة كوسيلة لحفظ المفردات في تعليم اللغة العربية في المدرسة العالية الإسلامية الأهلية "الحكمة" بالونغريجو جومبانج
Authors: Lestari Anggraini Puji , Qodir Abdul
Published: January 2024

Abstract This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of using images as a means to memorize vocabulary in Arabic language education. The study employs a qualitative and descriptive research approach to explore how images are utilized in teaching Arabic vocabulary at "Al-Hikmah" High School in Balongrejo, Jombang, Indonesia. Three methods were used to collect data: observation, interviews, and documents. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows: 1) The presence of vocabulary learning through image media at "Al-Hikmah" High School can increase students' knowledge of previously unfamiliar words. Students can also have a better understanding of the taught vocabulary, facilitating easier comprehension of Arabic materials during the learning process. 2) The challenges in learning vocabulary through image media at "Al-Hikmah" School are related to students' lack of understanding and motivation to learn Arabic as it is not their daily language. Thus, it is essential for teachers to make their students aware of the importance of learning Arabic and provide continuous motivation. 3) The advantages of using image media, such as images, are that they are easily accessible, inexpensive, clear, and capable of sparking students' enthusiasm. However, the drawbacks include a strong focus on the senses, requiring teachers to have a discerning eye in finding and utilizing suitable resources and skills.
Theorizing Writing Differently: How Community-Engaged Projects in First-Year Composition Shape Students’ Writing Theories and Strategies
Authors: Lindenman Heather
Published: January 2024

Based on a qualitative case study of students’ “theory of writing” essays, this study examines ways that first-year students’ community engagement experiences solidify and disrupt their writing knowledge, beliefs, and practices. Analysis of student writing demonstrates how different community-engaged writing projects inform first-year students’ writing theories and strategies.
Participatory Counternarratives: Geocomposition, Public Memory, and the Sounding of Hybrid Place/Space
Authors: Richter Jacob D.
Published: January 2024

This article argues that conceptions of public memory, as constructed, produced, and enacted in spaces such as a university campus, can be strategically reconceived for social justice ends by mapping student-created rhetorical audio tour compositions to physical locations around that place.