bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Percutaneous Endoscopic Interlaminar Discectomy or Open Lumbar Microdiscectomy in Treating Senile Patients Over 60 Years Old with Symptomatic Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Two-year Retrospective Study
Authors: Liao Ye-Hui , Ye Ru-Pei , Tang Chao , Ma Fei , Tang Qiang , Wang Gaoju , Wang Qing , Zhong Dejun
Published: August 2022

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID) had been successfully used in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, few reports have focused on the treatment of senile lumbar disc herniation (SLDH) in patients aged over 60 years via PEID. Methods: We included 42 patients with SLDH from January 2019 to June 2020 in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into the PEID group (n = 19) and the open lumbar microdiscectomy (OLM) group (n = 23) according to the type of surgical procedure they underwent. Basic clinical information, surgical information, and clinical effects were compared between the two groups.Results: The estimated blood loss, bed-rest time, and hospital stay in the PEID group were less than those in the OLM group (P < 0.05 each) but the surgery time in the PEID group was longer than that in the OLM group (P < 0.05). The visual analgesia scores for back pain (VAS-BP), visual analgesia scores radiating to the lower legs (VAS-LL), and Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores of the two groups were significantly decreased after surgery compared to the baseline scores (P < 0.05). The VAS-BP at the 1st week and 3rd month post-operation and the ODI at the 12th month and 24th month in the PEID group were lower than those in the OLM group (P < 0.05 each). Conclusion: Both PEID and OLM are safe and efficacious methods of treating SLDH. Compared with OLM, PEID has more advantages in reducing surgical trauma and decreasing postoperative low back pain in the early postoperative period. The long-term clinical results of both techniques seem to be effective without any of them being superior to the other in elderly patients.
Trends of Tourette Syndrome in children From 2011 to 2021: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yang Cuiling , Zhang Jie , Zhao Qiong , Zhang Jinjing , Zhou Jiang , Wang Li
Published: August 2022

Background
Tourette Syndrome (TS) has attracted the attention of researchers worldwide. However, no bibliometric analysis of the published publications is available. This study aims to examine the present research state of TS in children by CiteSpace, as well as to identify current research hotspots and frontiers.
Method
We chose publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database for studies related to TS in children from 2011 to 2021. We built online cooperation maps of countries, institutions, authors, journals, references, and keywords by CiteSpace, and identified hotspots and frontiers of study for children's TS.
Results
A total of 1232 publications about TS in children were downloaded from the WoSCC. The USA (414) was the country with the highest rate of production, and University College London (87) was the institution that had the highest publication rate. Andrea Eugenio Cavanna was the most prolific author (39 papers). There was inactive cooperation between institutions, countries, and authors. The Journal of European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry was the most active journal. Hot topics focused on epidemiology, comorbidity, deep brain stimulation, behavioral therapy, pharmacological treatment, and risk factors of TS in children.
Conclusions
According to the CiteSpace results, this study found that authors, countries, and institutions were not actively working together. Current research hotspots mainly consist of epidemiology, comorbidity, deep brain stimulation, and behavioral therapy. The main research trends include comorbidity, pharmacological treatment, and risk factors. Therefore, international cooperation should be strengthened in the future, and it should be mindful of the psychiatric comorbidities of TS, the choice of intervention measures, and early warning of risk factors.
Consensus on an implicit bias and health disparities curriculum in neonatal medicine: a Delphi study
Authors: Mavis Stephanie , Caruso Catherine , Carr Cara , Dyess Nicolle , French Heather , Dadiz Rita , Vasquez Margarita , Johnston Lindsay , Gillam-Krakauer Maria , Chess Patricia , Izatt Susan , Payne Allison , Carbajal Melissa , Bonachea Elizabeth , Gray Megan
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVEDespite longstanding and recurrent calls for effective implicit bias (IB) education in health professions education as one mechanism to reduce ongoing racism and health disparities, evidence-based IB curricula for neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) are limited. We aim to determine the key IB curricular elements for teaching NPM fellows, advanced practice providers, and attending physicians. STUDY DESIGNA modified Delphi study was performed with content experts in IB and health disparities who had educational relationships to those working and training in the neonatal intensive care unit. RESULTThree Delphi rounds were conducted. Experts reached consensus on a variety of items for inclusion in an IB curriculum, including educational goals, learning objectives, teaching strategies, and educator principles.CONCLUSIONEssential IB curricular components for the field of neonatal medicine were defined using rigorous consensus building methodology.
The Role of Socio-cultural learning during and after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Sari Harmita , Hadiansah Deni
Published: August 2022

This research investigates how socio-cultural learning process influences students’ experience and interaction during and after the COVID-19 pandemic which subsequently influencing their E-Learning performance. 734 valid respondents were recruited for an online survey study. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to test the research hypotheses. This study found that socio-cultural learning has a crucial role in students’ experience and interaction. However, social-cultural learning has a greater effect on students’ experience than students’ interaction. Furthermore, mediator variables, students’ experience and interaction, partially mediate the relationship between socio-cultural learning and E-Learning performance. The result of the current study contributes to extend literature education field toward socio-cultural and E-Learning simultaneously. It also develops a new view into the determinants factor to influence students’ experience and interaction.
Integrated single cell transcriptomics of cerebrospinal fluid cells in early Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Straeten Frederike , Zhu Jing , Börsch Anna-Lena , Zhang Baohong , Li Kejie , Lu Ina , Gross Catharina , Heming Michael , Li Xiaolin , Rubin Rebekah , Ouyang Zhengyu , Wiendl Heinz , Mingueneau Michael , Hörste Gerd Meyer
Published: August 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and often disabling autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounds and protects the CNS and analyzing CSF can aid the diagnosis of CNS diseases. Several recent studies have leveraged single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to identify MS-associated changes in CSF cells that are considerably more altered than blood cells in MS. However, not all alterations were replicated across all studies. We therefore integrated multiple available scRNA-seq datasets of CSF cells from MS patients with early relapsing-remitting disease. We provide a searchable and interactive resource of this integrated analysis (https://CSFinMS.bxgenomics.com) facilitating diverse visualization and analysis methods without requiring computational skills. In the present meta-analysis, we replicated the known expansion of B lineage and the recently described expansion of natural killer (NK) cells and some cytotoxic T cells and decrease of monocytes in the CSF in MS. The previous observation of the abundance of Th1-like Th17 effector memory cells in the CSF was not replicated. Expanded CSF B lineage cells resembled class-switched plasma blasts/cells (e.g., SDC1/CD138, MZB1) as expected. Our integrative meta-analysis thus validates increased cell type diversity and B cell maturation in the CSF in MS and improves accessibility of available data.
Toroidal Counter Electrode for Ionic Propulsion
Authors: Chirita Marius , Ieta Adrian
Published: August 2022

Significant attention has recently been given to the research and application of ionic wind to atmospheric propulsion. Rotational ionic engines (RIE) have also demonstrated to have potential for in-atmosphere propulsion in negative polarity. However, such devices have not yet produced enough thrust for a rotary ionic drone to be developed. We demonstrate here that a toroidal counter electrode can increase the RIE's performance by up to 7.8 times greater than in previous configurations (upper limit not determined). The RIE is designed with pin emitters extended on the trailing edge of a 12.6 cm two-blade plastic propeller placed above a toroidal counter-electrode which provided axial thrust up to 288.5 5 mN at 23.15 N/m2. The new design generates axial thrust due to the linear acceleration of ions between electrodes, and also due to the induced rotary motion of the propeller which captures the energy and momentum of ions accelerated in the propeller rotational plane. An optimal electrode gap exists at any voltage applied above the ionic wind generation threshold. Thrust to power ratio can be measured by the ratio of voltage to current or propeller kinetic energy to power.
Nesfatin-1 suppresses autophagy of chondrocytes in osteoarthritis via remodeling of cytoskeleton and inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signal pathway
Authors: Jiang Lifeng , MOQBEL SAFWAT ADEL ABDO , Zhu Junxiong , Fu Qiangchang , Lai Jiabin , Lin Changjian , Wu Lidong
Published: August 2022

Autophagy and cytoskeleton integrity of chondrocytes are a considered as major factors in the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) involving excessive chondrocyte apoptosis and senescence. Nesfatin-1, an adipokine has been reported to be closely related to cell autophagy and cytoskeleton malfunction. Our previous study found that nesfatin-1 was highly correlated with OA progress in OA patient, and the expression of nesfatin-1 rises in knee articular tissue, serum and chondrocytes. In current study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic effect of nesfatin-1 on OA and its molecular mechanism related to chondrocyte autophagy and cytoskeleton malfunction. We firstly demonstrated that nesfatin-1 effectively suppressed excessive autophagy of OA chondrocytes at both gene and protein levels. Meanwhile, we also found that nesfatin-1 significantly improved cytoskeleton integrity by showing higher F-actin/G-actin ratio, as well as more organized actin fiber structure. Mechanistically, utility of RhoA activator and inhibitor revealed that regulation of autophagy and cytoskeleton integrity via nesfatin-1 was realized via RhoA/ROCK pathway. We also confirmed that nesfatin-1 significantly ameliorated IL-1β induced cartilage degeneration via destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model. Overall, our study indicates that nesfatin-1 might be a promising therapeutic molecule for OA intervention.
Effects of different doses of Arak on liver and kidney microstructures in Swiss albino mice: Histopathological study
Authors: Sorsa Rebuma , Alemayehu Tilahun , Hamba Niguse , Abdisa Daba , Banjaw Zelalem
Published: August 2022

Background: Ethiopia is the most culturally diversified country in which a variety of traditional alcoholic beverages are consumed in different cultures and among others Arak is very popular. The effect of Arak on internal organs structures especially liver and kidney is not well studied even through it is consumed by the people in different parts of the country.Objectives: Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the effects of different doses of Arak on liver and kidney microstructures in Swiss albino mice.Methods: To study the effect of effect of Arak on histology of liver and Kidney, twenty eight (fourteen male and female) newly breaded Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into four groups of two male and female in each. Arak was provided for the experimental groups 20%, 40% and 45% at 1ml/BW of mice daily for six weeks and 1ml/BW of distilled water for control once daily for six weeks. At the end of 42 days each animal was anaesthetized with diethyl ether and tissue sample (Kidney and liver) was collected after the mice sacrificed by cervical dislocation and abdominal cavity was opened anteriorly through midline incision of the abdomen to gain access to internal organs notably Liver and Kidneys. Wet organ was accessioned and immersion fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological investigation. The qualitative data including histopathological alterations was investigated through preparing microscopic slides which were examined by under light microscope Anatomist and Pathologist (both single blinded to dose and groups).ResultsIn this study, the liver tissue of the control group has a normal histological structure, normal central vein and sinusoidal capillary with no evidence of narrowing, no change in hepatocytes cytoplasm and nucleus. Inflammations and necrosis in the liver tissue of the group of mice administered with 1ml/BW of 20% Arak, 1ml/BW of 40% of Arak and 1ml/BW of 45% of Arak mice was seen under light microscope which degree varies based on concentration of ethanol in the Arak. The kidney tissue of the control group has a normal histological appearance of glomeruli and renal tubules and basement membrane and there was inflammation, swelling, fat accumulation, obscure bowman’s space, foamy appearing and necrosis of renal parenchyma in mice administered with 1ml/BW of 20% Arak, 1ml/BW of 40% of Arak and 1ml/BW of 45% of Arak during the study period.ConclusionsLiver and kidney inflammation, fat drop accumulation and necrosis accompanied by alteration of its functions. The damaging effect was exacerbated as the dose of Arak ethanol concentration was increased. As the world moves towards alcohol control policy, the focus as interventions has to be also given for traditional alcoholic beverages.
Application of Artificial Neural Network and Multi-linear Regression Techniques in Groundwater Quality and Health Risk Assessment around Egbema, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Akakuru Obinna Chigoziem , Adakwa Bello , Ikoro Diugo Okereke , Eyankware Moses Oghenenyoreme , Opara Alexander Iheanyi , Njoku Adora Olivia , Iheme Kenneth Obinna , Usman Ayatu
Published: August 2022

This paper examined the efficiency of artificial neural network (ANN) and multivariate linear regression (MLR) models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters such as ecological risk index (ERI), pollution load index (PLI), metal pollution index (MPI), Nemerow pollution index (NPI), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo). 40 groundwater samples were collected systematically and analyzed for mainly heavy metals. Results revealed that adopting measured parameters is effective in modeling the parameters with high level of accuracy. Contamination factor results reveal that Ni, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cu have relatively low values < 1 within the region while the Iron values ranged from low contamination to very high contamination (> 6). PLI, MPI, and ERI results indicated low pollution. NPI results indicated that the majority of the samples were heavily polluted. Quantification of Contamination results revealed that most of the sample's quality was geogenically influenced. Igeo results revealed that most of the samples had extreme pollution. The health risk assessment results revealed that children are substantially prone to more health risk more than adults. The ANN and MLR models showed a high effective tendency in the prediction of ERI, PLI, MPI, NPI and Igeo. Principal Component Analysis results showed appreciable variable loadings while the Correlation matrix results reveal that there exists weak and positive correlation amongst elements. Based on the outcome of this study, this research recommends the use of ANN and MLR models in the prediction of groundwater quality parameters as they yielded positive, reliable, acceptable, and appropriate accuracy performances.
Comparison of abdominopelvic non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen
Authors: Hou Qisheng , Wang Ke , Hu Xiaoyu , Sun Yujia , Liu Cheng , Xiong Hui , Liu Si
Published: August 2022

Background
The guidelines recommend that Computed Tomography (CT) may be indicated in all non-traumatic acute abdomen patients in the emergency department, but there is no specific recommendation for non-contrast or contrast-enhanced CT. In this study, we compared the value of non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT in the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen.
Methods
Patients with non-traumatic acute abdomen who presented to the Department of Emergency Surgery of Peking University First Hospital and performed abdominopelvic contrast-enhanced CT from October 2019 to September 2021 were enrolled. The diagnostic consistency between non-contrast CT sequence and contrast-enhanced CT sequence, time cost for diagnosis based on CT image and diagnostic confidence were compared.
Results
450 patients were included in this study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT were 91.7%, 92.9%, 99.8%, 26.5% and 91.8% versus 97.9%, 92.9%, 99.8%, 59.1% and 97.8%. The diagnostic consistency between non-contrast CT and contrast-enhanced CT was 94%.The time cost of diagnosis based on non-contrast CT was shorter than that of contrast-enhanced CT(2.35 ± 1.097min vs 2.82 ± 1.767min, t=-12.591, P = 0.000),and the confidence score was lower than that of contrast-enhanced CT(2.52 ± 0.634 vs 2.83 ± 0.402, t=-12.175, P = 0.000).
Conclusion
It may be more appropriate to use non-contrast CT as the first imaging examination for the diagnosis of non-traumatic acute abdomen, while contrast-enhanced CT as a necessary supplement.
Economic feasibility and risk analysis of Nile tilapia juveniles reared in a biofloc technology system
Authors: Bezerra Gabriel Artur , Pires Dara Cristina , Watanabe André Luiz , Neto Celso Carlos Buglione , Simões André Rozemberg Peixoto , Hisano Hamilton
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to analyze the economic feasibility and the risk associated with the Nile tilapia juveniles cultured in a biofloc technology system. The indicators used in this study followed the operating cost criterion. Scenarios were analyzed in terms of variations in input prices and survival. Stochastic simulation were also carried out in order to determine the probabilities of economic results. The items with the greatest impact on costs were the acquisition of the greenhouse and fingerlings, which represented 27.64% (initial investment) and 33.24% (operating cost) respectively. The analysis showed that the biofloc technology system is viable in a short and long term, since it covered all the operational costs and showed a positive gross margin per production cycle, except in the pessimistic scenario. The risk analysis demonstrated that in 87.29% of the simulations obtained a positive profit. Thus, the tilapia juveniles production in biofloc technology system is a low-risk and economically viable investment.
Straight Forward Constructive Deep Learning Neural Network (SFC-DLNN) algorithm
Authors: Rollin Ndom Francis , Chantal Mveh-Abia , Raoul Ayissi , Remy Etoua , Yves Emvudu
Published: August 2022

Straight Forward Constructive Deep Learning Neural Network (SFC-DLNN) algorithm is a new architecture and supervised learning algorithm for artificial neural networks. Instead of just adjusting the weights in a network of fixed topology, SFC-DLNN begins with a minimal network (perceptron), then automatically trains and adds new hidden units one by one, creating a multi-layer structure. Once a new hidden unit has been added to the network, the input-side weights of the new architecture are generated. This unit then becomes a permanent feature-detector in the network, available for producing outputs or for creating others, more complex feature space is then created where the data is likely to be linearly separable. The SFC-DLNN architecture has several advantages over existing algorithms: it learns quickly, the network determines its own size and topology, it retains the structures it has built even if the training set changes.We obtain from our built model (SFC-DLNN) an accuracy and specificity of 83:5% from a simulated data set using the uniform distribution. This is not the best but is enough to approve the model prediction capacity.
Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sun-reducing catastrophes
Authors: Boyd Matt , Wilson Nick
Published: August 2022

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well-placed to help reboot collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macro-indices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favourable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socio-ecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with co-benefits, that may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.
First two cases of Monkeypox virus infection in travellers returned from UAE to India, July 2022
Authors: Yadav Pragya D. , Reghukumar Aravind , Sahay Rima R. , K Sudeep , Shete Anita M. , Raman Aruna , VK Pramod , Abraham Priya , Benson Reshma , SM Sarin , Mohandas Sreelekshmy , Patil Deepak Y. , Kumar Abhinendra , Gupta Nivedita , George Anuja Elizabeth , Vijay Neetu , U Anuja , Suresh Manjusree , A Ramiz Raja , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Ravindranath Manasi , Sreeniva Sreenath , James Preethi , MK Shaj
Published: August 2022

We report the first two confirmed cases of Monkeypox in foreign returnees from United Arab Emirates who presented with fever, myalgia, and vesicular lesions on the genital area with cervical lymphadenopathy. The oropharyngeal & nasopharyngeal swab, EDTA blood, serum, urine, lesion samples from multiple sites (lesion fluid, lesion roof and lesion base) were collected from both the cases on ninth post onset day of illness. The clinical specimens of both the cases were tested with real time PCR for Orthopoxvirus, Monkeypox virus (MPXV), West African clade specific MPXV. The specimens oropharyngeal & nasopharyngeal swab, urine, lesion samples from multiple sites (lesion fluid, lesion roof and lesion base) were tested positive for MPXV. The complete genome sequences obtained from skin lesions of case 1 and 2 showed similarity of 99.91 and 99.96% respectively with MPXV_USA_2022_FL001 West African clade. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two cases were infected with Monkeypox virus strain A.2 which belong to hMPXV-1A lineage of clade 3.
Thermal micropolar couple stresses effects on peristaltic flow of biviscosity nanofluid through a porous medium
Authors: Ismael Aya M. , Eldabe Nabil T. , zeid Mohamed Y. Abou , Shabouri Sami M. El
Published: August 2022

The main aim of current study is to analyze couple stresses effects on MHD peristaltic transport of a micropolar non-Newtonian nanofluid. The fluid flows through a porous media between co-axial tubes under the effect of radiation, chemical reaction, viscous and Ohmic dissipation. The inner tube is solid and uniform, while the outer tube has an exible wave traveling down its wall. the governing equations have been simplified using low-Reynolds number and long wave-length, then A semi-analytical solutions have been obtained using homotopy perturbation method. Numerical results for the behaviors of the axial velocity, microrotation velocity, temperature and nanoparticles with problem physical parameters are depicted graphically. This study is very significant in diverse medical implementations, as gold nanoparticles are utilized in the remedy of cancer tumor.
A modern view on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in pediatric intensive care units: a review
Authors: Tsygankov A. E. , Ovsyannikov D. Y. , Afukov I. I. , Solodovnikova O. N. , Gosteva O. M. , Kostin D. M. , Tyurin I. N. , Protsenko Denis N.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION. The literature has accumulated enough data on the treatment of children with acute bronchiolitis (OB). However, this information is formed mainly on the general population of patients with OB and is often not applicable to patients with a severe course of the disease. From the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, routine use of medications is not recommended in modern consent documents, and there are also no clear recommendations on respiratory support and certain aspects of intensive care in children with OB. OBJECTIVES. To analyze approaches to therapy in children with severe acute course in need of intensive care, and to assess the validity, effectiveness and safety of the use of the analyzed groups of drugs and respiratory strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The analysis of publications in the electronic databases PubMed and the Russian Scientific Citation Index on the keywords “bronchiolitis”, “intensive care units”, “critical care”, “fluid therapy”, “respiratory therapy”, “ventilation”, “co-morbidity”; “respiratory syncytial virus”; “hypertonic saline” was carried out, “corticosteroids”; “epinephrine”; “high-flow oxygen therapy”, “inhalation”, “infant”, “bronchiolitis in children”. The date of the last search is January 15, 2022. RESULTS. This systematic review provides information on the etiology and risk factors of severe acute respiratory syndrome in children, from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine, studies on the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome are characterized, including in the intensive care unit with glucocorticosteroids, inhalations of bronchodilators, epinephrine, 3 % hypertonic sodium chloride solution, respiratory support, high-flow oxygenation, noninvasive ventilation, artificial ventilation, antibiotics, air-helium mixture. CONCLUSIONS. Currently, there is more information that infants with OB show a high degree of heterogeneity, while the main uncertainty lies in a misunderstanding of the processes, which patients will benefit most from a particular treatment method. Further research is needed to fill the research deficit in children with a severe course of OB.
Reaction pattern of the autonomic nervous system to the infusion load in the intensive care in children: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Budarova K. V. , Shmakov Aleksey N. , Elizar’eva N. L. , Kokhno V. N.
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION. The leading role in the water and electrolyte balance in critical conditions belongs to infusion therapy. Hemodynamic stabilization is achieved by fluid bolus with risk of hypervolemia. Non-invasive monitoring in ICU is relevant in children. Cardiointervalography is characterized by nosological non-specificity and high sensitivity to neurohumoral changes. The stress index and spectral analysis allow the assessment of therapeutic efficacy. OBJECTIVES. To study the features of the electrophysiological response to the emergency rehydrate volume in children upon admission to the intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A prospective comparative study was conducted with the participation of 172 patients, the age from 0 to 15 years. There were 71 newborns in the first group (21 surgical cases, 50 somatic ones). The second group enrolled children aged 1 to 15 years, in 40 % of all underwent surgical treatment. The characteristic of the electrophysiological response to the hydration was carried out in an intergroup and interstage comparison in different age and nosological groups. DISCUSSION. The autonomic nervous system response to infusion therapy has not been studied in children of different ages. The stress index and frequency analysis reflect the degree of regulatory systems tension and are promising in intensive care monitoring. RESULTS. In newborns with sensory block, it was expressed by tachycardia (p = 0.02); without block — arterial hypotension (p = 0.000) without chronotropic component. The implementation of sympathetic reactions was suppressed in children in the early postoperative period. In children without surgical treatment, the volume of infusion had a sympatholytic effect. CONCLUSIONS. In the early postoperative period, the electrophysiological response in children was limited. Age-related features of reactions to hydration in children with somatic pathology were revealed. In children, infusion therapy contributed to a cardiovascular economical work; in newborns, it was associated with a breakdown in sympathetic adaptation.
Evaluating Role of Employee Motivation in Generating Job Satisfaction
Authors: Chaudhary Anu
Published: August 2022

Employee who are fully motivated and satisfied are more dedicated to organisation goal in turn, enterprises will give similar commitment towards employee objectives or needs. Employee motivation or job satisfaction is important as it not only deals with organizational goals but also deals with issues caused by low employee morale like lack of motivation, lack of commitment, absenteeism and lack of focus on organizational goals, a combination of which usually leads to a drop in the overall productivity of the organization as a whole. This chapter shows the role of employee motivation in generating job satisfaction.
The Role of Culinary in Development of Tourism in Rajasthan
Authors: Sengupta Akanksha
Published: August 2022

This Chapter explains the importance of cuisine in developing gastronomy tourism. India being a diversified country in terms of culture and tradition; At a distance of every hundred kilometers, the language, the staple diet, the attire etc changes. Indian cuisine has been inspired by a 5000-year history of various groups and cultures interrelated with the subcontinent, contributing to the abundance of flavors and regional cuisines found in modern India. Indian cuisine is expected to please all spice lovers around the world as India mixes most of the spices. Thus, Rajasthan, the hub of foreign tourist arrival has the most abundant potential to create and sustain culinary tourism at par with its heritage tourism. In terms of engaging in the awareness of the heritage, visitors visiting a specific cultural destination seek to increase their cultural experience mainly by culinary means. In this regard, in the analysis of tourist destinations, particularly those related to culture and heritage, culinary and its connection with tourism has become a crucial element. Thus, nowadays every state tourism has started to promote their local cuisine in order to serve tourists a local culture experience. This ongoing development of culinary tourism is the most amazing and if developed properly can be the biggest revenue earning product among the other types of tourism.
Udaipur as a Culinary Tourism Destination– An Exploration
Authors: Dhar Sangeeta
Published: August 2022

Tourism is travel for pleasure or business. Tourism brings income into a local economy in the form of payment for goods and services needed by tourists, in addition to goods bought by tourists, including souvenirs. Culinary means the art of preparation, cooking and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals. Culinary tourism is defined as the pursuit of unique and memorable eating and drinking experiences. By combining travel with these edible experiences, culinary tourism offers both locals and tourists alike an authentic taste of the place. But culinary/food tourism is not limited to gourmet food. The World Food Travel Association adds that drinking beverages is an implied and associated activity in "Food Tourism". As Udaipur being most popular tourist destination in Rajasthan so as a author decided to take an exploratory research study on Udaipur as a Culinary Tourism destination. The ideas thrown up need further exploration and trial, but it may be suggested that it may be worth it to do the exploration and motivation. This may require research and exploration at international level, idea development and project work through joint efforts by tourism department, hotel industry and other stakeholders to put the idea into practice.
A Review on Bridging the Gap Between Hospitality Education and Hospitality Industry with Special Reference to Hotels of India
Authors: Ahlawat Shikha , Rawal Yashwant Singh
Published: August 2022

Presently hospitality industry in India is placing the milestones. According to the Ministry of Tourism Report, 2021, there are approximately 1423 registered hotels that facilitate the hospitality industry throughout the nation which indicates the huge potential in terms of manpower requirements in the hospitality sector. To fulfil this manpower requirement, a number of institutions governed/affiliated by apex bodies like NCHMCT, AICTE, private and public universities are offering a number of courses ranging from certificate courses to master degrees in the field of the hospitality industry. But still, there is a gap between the demand from the hospitality industry and the supply by various institutions. The present study focuses on analyzing the gap between hospitality education and industry. This chapter also suggests some key remedies to fill this gap.
Pre-Marital Education: Concepts and Regulations in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Kamarusdiana Kamarusdiana , Yusuf Burhanudin , Hakim Maman Rahman , Dahri Harapandi
Published: August 2022

One of the most significant ways to create a happy family and minimize divorce is premarital education. Indonesia and Malaysia are two countries that have realized it and have regulated it in the regulations of their respective countries. This paper focuses on studying the concept and regulation of premarital education in these two countries. This paper uses a normative juridical approach using library research and comparative law. This study found that premarital education aims to create household happiness to avoid divorce. Indonesia regulates it in the Decree of the Director-General of Islamic Religion by implementing the Office of Religious Affairs or institutions recognized by the Ministry of Religion. Meanwhile, in Malaysia, it differed according to state regulations, such as enactment 11 of 2003 amendment of the Islamic Family Law (Negeri Sembilan) 2003 Part II of Marriage Section 16 concerning Applications for Marriage Truth and carried out by the Malaysian Islamic Progress Office. Premarital education, although both aim to create a family and minimize divorce, in Indonesia, it only provides guidelines, while in Malaysia, it is a mandatory requirement for prospective brides to get married.
Human Rights in Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah al-Āmmah: A Perspective of Ibn ‘Āshūr
Authors: Umami Ulul , Ghofur Abdul
Published: August 2022

Sharī’ah is aimed for the goodness of mankind. By extrapolating the evidence from Qur'an and Sunnah. Islamic sharī’ah is believed to be the rules and objectives for the general interest of society and individuals. This paper focuses on the study of the concept of the nature of human rights in the view of Ibn ‘Āshūr in terms of the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah al-āmmah theory. The study is a kind of library research where the researcher collected the library data by reading books or magazines and other sources to collect data from various literatures. He used a qualitative approach by revealing the meaning of information or empirical data obtained from books, scientific or official research reports and from other literatures. This study, finally, found two results. First, there were found all characteristics of the law, the general purpose, and the meaning of sharī’ah as a whole. Second, it was found the meaning of law combined with four epistemological frameworks, namely: al-fiṭrah (religious instinct), al-samāḥah (tolerance), al-musāwah (egalitarian), and al-ḥurriyah (freedom of action). In the legality of al-maqāṣid law, this research contributes to the human rights of Ibn ‘Āshūr’s ijtihād which becomes the principle of humanity.
Water provision planning on the basis of human population growth forecasts: A case study of the City of uMhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Mokoma Thato Julius , Tilahun Surafel Luleseged
Published: August 2022

Access to adequate water is a battle the City of uMhlathuze faces daily, with the disadvantaged and impoverished areas being most affected as a result of a rapidly increasing growth in human population. The future water condition will be impossible to manage unless the municipality is able to address the increased demand for water which often leads to illegal water connections. The goal of this study is twofold: first to predict human population growth over a 50-year period and secondly, to formulate a linear programming model to determine the number of additional reservoir tanks which need to be built, in order to satisfy the human water demand for the next half century. This study compares the application of automated time series forecasting models like ARIMA, ETS, and BATS model to predict the growth in human population. The best model to forecast human population growth was then selected using the forecasting assessment criterion of RMSE, MAE, MASE and MAPE. Based on the forecast results obtained in this study, ARIMA(1,1,0) with drift model has shown a better prediction accuracy in terms of the RMSE = 3.725, MAE = 2.265, MASE = 0.211, and MAPE = 0.757, than the ETS(A,Ad,N), and BATS(1, {0,0}, 1,-) model to explain the observed values of a time series. The forecast results derived from ARIMA(1,1,0) with drift model have indicated that the human population growth will triple by 2067, albeit at a higher pace than at any period since 1996. On the basis of human population growth forecasts, it is suggested that 687 additional reservoir tanks with a capacity of 47,500 kilolitres are built within the next 50 years in order to supplement the increased demand for water that comes with an increase in human population. An implication of these findings is the possibility that, should anticipated human population growth materialise, the current reservoir tanks are likely to come under stress due to the increased demand for water.
Production and quality of watermelon fruits (Citrullus lanatus) in response to different sources of fertilization
Authors: Jhonata Lemos da Silva  , Melk Leite Santana  , Chayane Lemos da Silva
Published: August 2022

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production and quality of watermelon fruits in response to different sources of fertilization in the municipality of Humaitá (AM). The experimental design used was a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments were: T1 – without fertilization (control), T2 – 20 ton. ha-1 of cattle manure, T3 – 10 ton.ha-1 of vegetable ashes, T4 – 10 ton.ha-1 chicken manure, T5 – 10 ton.ha-1 of açaí kernels and T6 – liming and mineral fertilizer with NPK. Fruit quality and yield attributes were evaluated, such as number of fruits, yield, total soluble solids (°Brix) and titratable acidity. All treatments differed statistically in yield and quality, in relation to soil without fertilization. The T6 treatment provided higher productivity and higher levels of total soluble solids of commercial fruits. It was demonstrated that the type of fertilizer, if used in the right way, can improve the general quality of watermelon fruits and improve the crop’s production system. In the cultivation of watermelon, several sources of organic fertilizer can be used, such as manure from cattle, sheep, goats or poultry, which recommends future tests with supplementation of mineral fertilizer.
Editorial
Authors: Adriane Cristina Kasprowicz
Published: August 2022

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Histological evaluation of refinement influence in the cleaning efficacy of rotary nickel-titanium ProTaper® instruments in oval-shaped root canals
Authors: Juliana Rodrigues Cachapuz  , Luciana Moura Sassone  , Rivail Antonio Sergio Fidel  , Fernando Sili Vilhena
Published: August 2022

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cleaning and shaping efficacy of rotary nickel-titanium ProTaper® instrumentation in oval canals and the influence of ultrasonic irrigation on the final refinement. Material and methods: Twenty mandibular molars were accessed and divided in two groups. Only distal roots with oval canals were used. Group I was instrumented using only rotary nickel-titanium ProTaper® instruments. Group II received the same preparation followed by refinement with 3 minutes of ultrasonic passive irrigation. After preparation, the distal roots were sectioned for histological processing. Coronal, middle and apical thirds were analyzed. Uninstrumented perimeter in each third was measured by the software Image tool 3.0. Results: The percentage of uninstrumented perimeter was calculated for each third of each root and average percentage was calculated for each third in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed with t-test through the software SPSS 11.0.1 for Windows. The level of significance was set at 1%. Group I showed higher percentage of uninstrumented perimeter in all thirds. Group II, which received ultrasonic irrigation showed better results in all thirds (p < 0.01). Comparing the three thirds in the same group, no statistically significant differences were found (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Under the conditions of this ex vivo study, the three minutes use of ultrasonic irrigation after rotary instrumentation resulted in significantly more instrumented walls in the distal roots of mandibular molars.
GSTM1 null polymorphism – a possible key for oral carcinogenesis
Authors: Tanwar Renu  , Asha R. Iyengar  , Kekkeri Sitaram Nagesh
Published: August 2022

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process and individual risk to development of cancer depends not only on environmental factors or extrinsic exposure to carcinogens but also on genetic susceptibility of an individual. In head and neck cancer, tobacco exposure and alcohol consumption are predominantly the most significant external factors for tumor formation. Individual’s susceptibility to cancer may be partly explained by variability in enzymatic activities of metabolic genes. Mutations in genes concerned with production of enzymes for metabolism of tobacco products may lead to increased risk of carcinogenesis with respect to oral mucosa. Therefore variations in the expression of these genes due to heritable genetic polymorphisms might modulate the process of carcinogenesis by altering the exposure levels of tobacco derived carcinogens. Objective: This non systematic review summarizes current data available on the role of environment gene interaction in form of GSTM1 null polymorphism and oral carcinogenesis. Literature review: Relevant data was selected in order to summarize the studies conducted on GSTM1 null polymorphism and oral cancer. Conclusion: Relationship between GSTM1 null polymorphism in oral cancer needs to be established to confirm the role of environment gene interaction in oral carcinogenesis.
Oral Kaposi’s sarcoma in immunosuppressed patients – report of cases
Authors: Allana Pivovar  , Cassiano Lima Chaiben  , Francisca Berenice Dias Gil  , Antonio Adilson Soares de Lima
Published: August 2022

Kaposi sarcoma is a vascular neoplasm composed of endothelium-lined vascular spaces and spindle-shaped cells. It often manifests with multiple vascular nodules on the skin and other organs. Kaposi sarcoma is rare in HIV negative patients and it is associated with HHV-8 infection. There are four types: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and HIV-associated. Patients with HIV/AIDS are also at increased risk of developing Kaposi sarcoma. Objective: The aim of this article is to present two cases of Kaposi sarcoma in the hard palate of HIV/AIDS male patients. Case report and Conclusion:Kaposi sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any AIDS patient who presents with bluish, smooth, firm, nonpulsatile macule or nodule in the region of the hard palate. Development of Kaposi sarcoma in the oral cavity also has prognostic implications for untreated HIV patients, who are found to have higher death rates than patients affected only by cutaneous disease.
In vivo evaluation of tissue response to new endodontic sealers
Authors: Annecy Geib da Silva  , Nádia Carolina Teixeira Marques  , Natalino Lourenço Neto  , Tamara Zeponi Fernandes de Melo  , Vivian Agostino Biella Passos  , Cleide Felício Carvalho Carrara  , Thais Marchini Oliveira
Published: August 2022

The sealers can be in direct contact with the periapical tissues. Thus, these materials must have appropriate physical and biological properties, providing conditions for repair to occur. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of rat subcutaneous tissue to endodontics sealers. Material and methods:Three materials comprised the groups: group I – Zinc Oxide, Eugenol and Iodoform paste, group II – Portland cement with propylene glycol, and group III – MTA Fillapex® (Angelus). These materials were placed in polyethylene tubes and implanted into dorsal connective tissue of Wistar rats for seven and 15 days. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated regarding to inflammatory reaction parameters through a light microscope. The data were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test with significance level of 5%. The intensity of inflammatory response against the sealers was analyzed by two blinded and previously calibrated observers for all experimental periods. Results: The histological evaluation showed that all the materials caused a moderated inflammatory reaction at seven days which decreased with time. A greater inflammatory reaction was observed at seven days in group I. The other specimens had significantly less inflammatory cells when compared to this group. Tubes with MTA Fillapex® presented some giant cells, macrophages and lymphocytes after seven days. At 15 days, the presence of fibroblasts and collagen fibers was observed indicating normal tissue healing. The group II showed similar results to those observed in MTA Fillapex® already at seven days. At 15 days the inflammatory reaction presented was almost absent at the tissue, with many collagen fibers indicating normal tissue healing. Statistical analysis showed a significant statistical difference amongst the group I (seven days) and II (15 days) (p < 0.05). In the other groups no significant statistical differences were observed. Conclusion: MTA Fillapex® and Portland cement with propylene glycol were more biocompatible than the other tested cements.