bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of scaffold proteins for improved endogenous engineering of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Zheng Wenyi , Rädler Julia , Sork Helena , Niu Zheyu , Roudi Samantha , Bost Jeremy P. , Görgens André , Zhao Ying , Mamand Doste R. , Liang Xiuming , Wiklander Oscar P. B. , Lehto Taavi , Gupta Dhanu , Nordin Joel Z. , EL Andaloussi Samir
Published: August 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are gaining ground as next-generation drug delivery modalities. Genetic fusion of the protein of interest to a scaffold protein with high EV-sorting ability represents a robust cargo loading strategy. To address the paucity of such scaffold proteins, we leverage a simple and reliable assay that can distinguish intravesicular cargo proteins from surface- as well as non-vesicular proteins and compare the EV-sorting potential of 244 candidate proteins. We identify 24 proteins with conserved EV-sorting abilities across five types of producer cells. TSPAN2 and TSPAN3 emerge as lead candidates and outperform the well-studied CD63 scaffold. Importantly, these engineered EVs show promise as delivery vehicles in cell cultures and mice as demonstrated by efficient transfer of luminal cargo proteins as well as surface display of different functional entities. The discovery of these scaffolds provides a platform for EV-based engineering.
SONAR enables cell type deconvolution with spatially weighted Poisson-Gamma model for spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Wu Dafei , Zhai Weiwei , Ma Liang
Published: August 2023

Recent advancements in spatial transcriptomic technologies have enabled the measurement of whole transcriptome profiles with preserved spatial context. However, limited by spatial resolution, the measured expressions at each spot are often from a mixture of multiple cells. Computational deconvolution methods designed for spatial transcriptomic data rarely make use of the valuable spatial information as well as the neighboring similarity information. Here, we propose SONAR, a Spatially weighted pOissoN-gAmma Regression model for cell-type deconvolution with spatial transcriptomic data. SONAR directly models the raw counts of spatial transcriptomic data and applies a geographically weighted regression framework that incorporates neighboring information to enhance local estimation of regional cell type composition. In addition, SONAR applies an additional elastic weighting step to adaptively filter dissimilar neighbors, which effectively prevents the introduction of local estimation bias in transition regions with sharp boundaries. We demonstrate the performance of SONAR over other state-of-the-art methods on synthetic data with various spatial patterns. We find that SONAR can accurately map region-specific cell types in real spatial transcriptomic data including mouse brain, human heart and human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We further show that SONAR can reveal the detailed distributions and fine-grained co-localization of immune cells within the microenvironment at the tumor-normal tissue margin in human liver cancer.
Cas9-mediated knockout of Ndrg2 enhances the regenerative potential of dendritic cells for wound healing
Authors: Henn Dominic , Zhao Dehua , Sivaraj Dharshan , Trotsyuk Artem , Bonham Clark Andrew , Fischer Katharina S. , Kehl Tim , Fehlmann Tobias , Greco Autumn H. , Kussie Hudson C. , Moortgat Illouz Sylvia E. , Padmanabhan Jagannath , Barrera Janos A. , Kneser Ulrich , Lenhof Hans-Peter , Januszyk Michael , Levi Benjamin , Keller Andreas , Longaker Michael T. , Chen Kellen , Qi Lei S. , Gurtner Geoffrey C.
Published: August 2023

Chronic wounds impose a significant healthcare burden to a broad patient population. Cell-based therapies, while having shown benefits for the treatment of chronic wounds, have not yet achieved widespread adoption into clinical practice. We developed a CRISPR/Cas9 approach to precisely edit murine dendritic cells to enhance their therapeutic potential for healing chronic wounds. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of tolerogenic dendritic cells, we identified N-myc downregulated gene 2 (Ndrg2), which marks a specific population of dendritic cell progenitors, as a promising target for CRISPR knockout. Ndrg2-knockout alters the transcriptomic profile of dendritic cells and preserves an immature cell state with a strong pro-angiogenic and regenerative capacity. We then incorporated our CRISPR-based cell engineering within a therapeutic hydrogel for in vivo cell delivery and developed an effective translational approach for dendritic cell-based immunotherapy that accelerated healing of full-thickness wounds in both non-diabetic and diabetic mouse models. These findings could open the door to future clinical trials using safe gene editing in dendritic cells for treating various types of chronic wounds.
Seasonal variation in defense behavior in European and scutellata-hybrid honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Southern California
Authors: Zarate Daniela , Mukogawa Brandon , Kohn Joshua , Nieh James C.
Published: August 2023

Nest defense in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) is a complex collective behavior modulated by various interacting social, environmental, and genetic factors. Scutellata-hybrid (“Africanized”) honey bees are usually considered to be far more defensive than European honey bees which are therefore preferred for commercial and hobbyist beekeeping. In the most recent zone of scutellata hybridization, the southern USA, the degree to which this defensiveness differs among current strains, and the extent to which defensiveness varies across a season has not been measured. We quantified the levels of A. m. scutellata ancestry in colonies and conducted a seasonal assessment (May through November) of colony nest defensiveness in feral scutellata-hybrid and a popular lineage of European honey bee commonly used in managed environments (sold as A. mellifera ligustica) hives at two apiaries in Southern California. Standard measures of defensiveness were low in both scutellata-hybrid and European colonies during May. Defensiveness increased during the later months of the study in scutellata-hybrid colonies. Most measures of defensiveness did not increase in managed colonies. Defensiveness in the scutellata-hybrids appears lower than what has been previously documented in Brazil and Mexico, possibly due to their lower proportion of A. m. scutellata ancestry.
Wood sawdust waste-derived nano-cellulose as a versatile reinforcing agent for nano silica cement composites: a systematic study on its characterization and performance
Authors: Badawy Amr H. , El-Feky M. S. , El-Tair A. Maher , Kohail Mohamed
Published: August 2023

The development of sustainable construction materials is a pressing concern for researchers worldwide, as the cement industry is a major contributor to environmental degradation. The incorporation of nano-materials with cement composites has emerged as a promising solution to sustainable materials production. In this study, the effect of the addition of nano cellulose produced from wood sawdust waste on the performance of cement-based nano-silica composite was investigated. The nano-materials were incorporated at low concentrations and in gel form to eliminate the need for any advanced dispersion techniques. The results indicated that the addition of even low concentrations of nano cellulose significantly enhanced the compactness and mechanical properties of the cement matrix. The crack propagation was observed to be arrested with better adherence to the cement hydration product, which resulted from the presence of nano-silica. The nano cellulose fibers were found to bridge the calcium silicate hydrate products, arresting the propagation of cracks at their initial condition. The high pozzolanic reactivity of nano-silica ensured a minimal amount of calcium hydroxide, which is a significant contributor to the carbon footprint of cement production. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the incorporation of nano cellulose from wood sawdust waste with cement-based nano-silica composite can lead to the development of sustainable and high-performance building materials with improved mechanical properties and reduced environmental impact.
Molecular modeling study on the water-electrode surface interaction in hydrovoltaic energy
Authors: Serdaroğlu Goncagül , Kariper İ. Afşin , Kariper S. Esra Bolsu
Published: August 2023

The global energy problem caused by the decrease in fossil fuel sources, which have negative effects on human health and the environment, has made it necessary to research alternative energy sources. Renewable energy sources are more advantageous than fossil fuels because they are unlimited in quantity, do not cause great harm to the environment, are safe, and create economic value by reducing foreign dependency because they are obtained from natural resources. With nanotechnology, which enables the development of different technologies to meet energy needs, low-cost and environmentally friendly systems with high energy conversion efficiency are developed. Renewable energy production studies have focused on the development of hydrovoltaic technologies, in which electrical energy is produced by making use of the evaporation of natural water, which is the most abundant in the world. By using nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and conductive polymers, hydrovoltaic technology provides systems with high energy conversion performance and low cost, which can directly convert the thermal energy resulting from the evaporation of water into electrical energy. The effect of the presence of water on the generation of energy via the interactions between the ion(s) and the liquid–solid surface can be enlightened by the mechanism of the hydovoltaic effect. Here, we simply try to get some tricky information underlying the hydrovoltaic effect by using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d, p) computations. Namely, the physicochemical and electronic properties of the graphene surface with a water molecule were investigated, and how/how much these quantities (or parameters) changed in case of the water molecule contained an equal number of charges were analyzed. In these computations, an excess of both positive charge and negative charge, and also a neutral environment was considered by using the Na+, Cl−, and NaCl salt, respectively.
Controlling nutritional status score during hospitalization as a predictor of clinical outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Shimizu Shinya , Hanai Tatsunori , Egashira Yusuke , Sato Yukina , Sekiya Kumiko , Nishida Shohei , Ishihara Masashi , Ishihara Takuma , Asada Ryuta , Kobayashi Ryo , Suzuki Akio
Published: August 2023

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a serious condition with high mortality and a high permanent disability rate. In this study, we examined the association of clinical outcome with the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score during hospitalization in aSAH patients. A single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at Gifu University Hospital. Patients transported to the emergency room for aSAH and diagnosed with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade III and IV aSAH between April 2004 and March 2021 were enrolled. A logistic regression model was constructed to evaluate the association of the CONUT score with a modified Rankin scale (mRS) ≥ 3 and delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). 127 patients diagnosed with WFNS grade III and IV aSAH were analyzed. CONUT score was significantly associated with mRS ≥ 3 during hospitalization. The score obtained by subtracting the CONUT score at admission from the maximum CONUT score was significantly associated with mRS ≥ 3 at discharge. Moreover, the score obtained by subtracting the CONUT score at admission from the maximum CONUT score during the first 14 days was significantly associated with DCI within 14 days from admission. These findings indicate that CONUT score during hospitalization may be a useful daily marker for predicting poor outcomes in aSAH patients.
Observational study of surgical resection in small non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: AS SEER-based study
Authors: Lin Jiajing , Huang Heguang
Published: August 2023

The potential benefits of surgical resection for small non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PNETs) in terms of survival remain uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surgical treatment on patients with NF-PNETs. Using SEER data, we identified 1102 patients from 2004 to 2015 with well and moderately differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). The associations between continuous variables and receipt of surgery were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for OS were compared using the log-rank test. We compared outcomes in patients who received surgical resection with those in patients who did not, using a univariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score and propensity-score matching. Among the cohort of 1102 patients, a majority of 965 individuals (87%) underwent surgical intervention. Upon conducting univariate analysis, we observed that surgical treatment significantly prolonged patients' survival [HR = 0.41, 95% CI [0.26–0.65] P < 0.001]. However, the old [HR = 3.27, 95% CI (2.24–4.76), P 0.001], male gender [HR = 1.82, 95% CI (1.23–2.68), P = 0.003], and moderately well-differentiated factors [HR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.04–2.80), P = 0.034] were found to potentially decrease patients' survival time. In the multivariate analysis, male gender [HR = 1.73, 95% CI (1.15–2.61), P = 0.009] and the old factor [HR = 3.52, 95% CI (2.33–5.31), P < 0.001] emerged as influential predictors with higher hazard ratios. Notably, surgical treatment remained a significant factor associated with improved overall survival [HR = 0.53, 95% CI (0.33–0.84), P = 0.007]. Propensity-score matching and inverse probability weighting were employed as analytical techniques. The univariate analysis results showed favorable outcomes in the weight group [HR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.29–0.78), P = 0.003] and matched group [HR = 0.44, 95% CI (0.22–0.85), P = 0.015], respectively. Survival analysis further confirmed that surgical treatment contributed to increased overall survival (log rank, P < 0.05) in both the matching and weight groups. Patients diagnosed with small, non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors who undergo surgical intervention exhibit improved overall survival (OS) outcomes. Therefore, surgery is strongly recommended for this patient population.
Tibetan Plateau increases the snowfall in southern China
Authors: Wang Liping , Yang Haijun
Published: August 2023

The role of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in Asian hydrological climate is crucial, yet there is a lack of quantitative estimates regarding its impact on snowfall in China. Some opinions suggest that the TP functions as a large barrier that obstructs cold outbreaks, protecting southern China from severe snowstorms. Through topography experiments with and without the TP, our study suggests that the TP's presence results in a 60% decrease in snowfall in northern China by significantly reducing moisture. In contrast, it promotes a 1500% increase in snowfall in southern China, particularly from November to March, by drawing cold air from the north and moisture from the south to southern China. The presence of TP significantly enhances winter relative humidity in southern China, causing discomfort for humans. This research refutes some trending views and improves our understanding of the TP's role in China's winter climate.
Transcriptome and WGCNA reveal hub genes in sugarcane tiller seedlings in response to drought stress
Authors: Tang Yuwei , Li Jiahui , Song Qiqi , Cheng Qin , Tan Qinliang , Zhou Quanguang , Nong Zemei , Lv Ping
Published: August 2023

Drought stress can severely affect sugarcane growth and yield. The objective of this research was to identify candidate genes in sugarcane tillering seedlings in response to drought stress. We performed a comparative phenotypic, physiological and transcriptomic analysis of tiller seedlings of drought-stressed and well-watered “Guire 2” sugarcane, in a time-course experiment (5 days, 9 days and 15 days). Physiological examination reviewed that SOD, proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins accumulated in large amounts in tiller seedlings under different intensities of drought stress, while MDA levels remained at a stable level, indicating that the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances and the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities helped to limit further damage caused by drought stress. RNA-seq and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to identify genes and modules associated with sugarcane tillering seedlings in response to drought stress. Drought stress induced huge down-regulated in gene expression profiles, most of down-regulated genes were mainly associated with photosynthesis, sugar metabolism and fatty acid synthesis. We obtained four gene co-expression modules significantly associated with the physiological changes under drought stress (three modules positively correlated, one module negatively correlated), and found that LSG1-2, ERF1-2, SHKA, TIL, HSP18.1, HSP24.1, HSP16.1 and HSFA6A may play essential regulatory roles as hub genes in increasing SOD, Pro, soluble sugar or soluble protein contents. In addition, one module was found mostly involved in tiller stem diameter, among which members of the BHLH148 were important nodes. These results provide new insights into the mechanisms by which sugarcane tillering seedlings respond to drought stress.
Aging and temporal integration in the visual perception of object shape
Authors: Norman J. Farley , Lewis Jessica L. , Bryant Emily N. , Conn Juma D.
Published: August 2023

It has been known for more than 160 years that highly occluded objects that would normally be visually unrecognizable can be successfully identified when they move. This anorthoscopic perception relies on the visual system’s ability to integrate information over time to complete the perception of an entire object’s shape. In this experiment, 16 younger and older adults (mean ages were 20.5 and 74.6 years, respectively) were familiarized with the (unoccluded) shapes of five naturally-shaped objects (bell peppers, Capsicum annuum) until they could be easily identified (i.e., with accuracies of at least 90 percent correct). All observers then viewed the stimulus objects anorthoscopically as they moved behind narrow slits; only small object fragments could be seen at any given time, because the objects were almost totally occluded from view. Even though the object identification performance for all observers was equivalent when whole object shapes were visible, a large age-related deficit in object identification emerged during anorthoscopic viewing such that the younger adults’ identification performance was 45.4 percent higher than that of the older adults. This first ever study of aging and anorthoscopic perception demonstrates that there is an age-related deficit in performing the temporal integration needed for successful object recognition.
Multifunctional one-droplet microfluidic chemosensing of ractopamine in real samples: a user-oriented flexible nano-architecture for on-site food and pharmaceutical analysis using optical sensors
Authors: Baghban Hossein Navay , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: August 2023

Illegal use of ractopamine (RAC) in the food industry has dire consequences for health which should be curbed by inexpensive on-site checks.
Fabrication of CdS quantum dots with egg white and application in the assay of hypochlorous acid and myeloperoxidase activity and inhibition
Authors: Xia Xiaodong
Published: August 2023

The myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H2O2–Cl− enzymatic reaction system and its product hypochlorous acid (HOCl) are closely related to many disease processes, and new methods to detect the levels of HOCl and MPO are being focused on.
Electrospun amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles–cellulose acetate nanofiber membranes for effective removal of hardness and heavy metals (As(v), Cd(ii),Pb(ii)) in drinking water sources
Authors: Kumarage Senuri , Munaweera Imalka , Sandaruwan Chanaka , Weerasinghe Laksiri , Kottegoda Nilwala
Published: August 2023

This study reports an efficient and convenient method for removal of water hardness and heavy metals using amine-functionalized silica nanoparticle incorporated cellulose acetate electrospun nanofiber membranes.
Self-textured ZnO via AACVD of alkyl alkoxides: a solution-based seed-less route towards optoelectronic-grade coatings
Authors: Sanchez-Perez Clara , Srimurugananthan Sriluxmi , Sotelo-Vazquez Carlos , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Wang Mingyue , Marugán Javier , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J.
Published: August 2023

Carbon-free, crystalline and transparent (002)-oriented ZnO films with thickness below 200 nm were deposited at 350 °C on plain glass via AACVD. ZnO films restricted to PVD-growth are achievable through a fast, cost-effective and scalable methodology.
Advanced functional materials and manufacturing processes
Authors: Winter Jessica O. , Darr Jawwad A. , Wang John
Published: August 2023

Guest Editors Jessica Winter, Jawwad Darr, and John Wang introduce the Materials Advances themed collection on advanced functional materials and manufacturing processes.
Electrochemically enabled C(sp3)–C(sp) cross-coupling of alkyl iodides, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, and Katritzky salts with acetylenic sulfones
Authors: Yin Jiawen , Zhang Xiao , Zhao Lulu , Luo Mengqi , Guo Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong
Published: August 2023

An electrochemical C(sp3)–C(sp) cross-coupling reaction of alkyl iodides, N-hydroxyphthalimide esters, and Katritzky salts with acetylenic sulfones is herein reported.
Photocatalyzed radical multicomponent alkylacylation of [1.1.1]propellane to synthesize 1,3-disubstituted BCP ketones
Authors: Liu Yong-Ze , Jiang Yan , Zhang Jun-Lei , Mei Yan , Li Dong-Jie , Pan Fei
Published: August 2023

An efficient and general photocatalytic three-component intermolecular alkylacylation of [1.1.1]propellane to synthezise 1,3-disubstituted BCP ketones has been achieved.
Ligand-protected nanocluster-mediated photoswitchable fluorescent nanoprobes towards dual-color cellular imaging
Authors: Zhong Wencheng , Liang Kangqiang , Liu Wenfeng , Shang Li
Published: August 2023

Dual-color photoswitchable fluorescent nanoparticles are designed based on ligand-protected gold nanoclusters, which exhibit a highly reversible switching ratio and can effectively distinguish dynamic/static fluorescence signals at sub-cellular levels.
Remediation and recycling of inorganic acids and their green alternatives for sustainable industrial chemical processes
Authors: Agarwal Chhavi , Pandey Ashok K.
Published: August 2023

Aqueous acidic wastes are generated as a result of various industrial processes, and remediation and recycling of inorganic acids are required to mitigate their negative environmental effects and extending the sustainability of their uses.
Minerals of bismuth and antimony in original deposits of zarmitan gold zone, located in granitoid intrusion (Uzbekistan)
Authors: Umarov Akromiddin , Shukurov Anvar , Djurabayev Alisher , Ruziev Mansur , Ruziev Ilkhom , Nurjanov Satbay
Published: August 2023

Modern methods of nanomineralogy (electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis) were used to study the ores of one of the largest industrial facilities of Uzbekistan - the Zarmitan gold zone, which includes the Zarmitan, Urtalik, Guzhumsay deposits, which are located in the Koshrabadgranosyenite massif. The development of / Au-W / Au-Bi-Te / Au-As / Au-Ag-Te / Au-Ag-Se / Au-Sb-Ag / Au-Hg / types of ores. Productive mineral-geochemical types of ores are Au-Bi-Te gold-bismuth-telluride, represented by maldonite, tellurides, and sulfosalts of bismuth: hedleyite, joseite, tsumite, tetradymite, matildite, treasure, and also Au-Sb-Ag gold-silver-sulfoantimonide type represented by aurostibite, sulfoantimonidesPb, Fe, Ag: plagionite, jamsonite, boulangerite, goodmundite, ovichiite and gold-pyrite-arsenopyrite with nanogold, lellingite, gersdorfite. The main industrial resource of gold is provided by Au-Bi-Te, Au-Sb-Ag, and partially Au-As types. The objects of the Zarmitan zone belong to the orogenic gold deposits associated with the intrusion. The established mineral and geochemical features of ores are direct signs of prospecting, typification, and assessment of hidden gold mineralization of orogenic belts.
Change of hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes of water reservoir
Authors: Gapparov Furkat , Khaydarov Aziz , Kogutennko Larisa , Gafforova Mushtariybonu
Published: August 2023

Particular attention in connection with the rational use of water resources is given to constructing reservoirs, studying their hydrobiological regime, and ensuring their reliable operation. This article evaluates reservoirs' hydrochemical and hydrobiological regimes and suggests preventing water degradation. The study was conducted on the case of the Shurtan reservoir in the northern part of the Kashkadarya region. The experiment's results showed that the openness coefficient of the Shurtan reservoir was equal to K=0.29, and since this indicator was less than 1 (K=0.29<1), the level of openness of the reservoir surface was considered low. Noteworthy, the influence of the landscape on the processes in the water reservoir was estimated based on the relative water discharge coefficient (Kwdc). In the case of the Shurtan reservoir, the coefficient of specific water discharge was Krwd= 5.99. Since this indicator was less than 10 (Krwd=5.99 < 10), the reservoir was included among water bodies with small specific water discharge Hydrobiological and morphometric indicators affecting the hydrochemical and hydrobiological regime of the reservoir have been determined. According to the change in the hydrochemical regime of the reservoir, the length of the Shortan reservoir bowl is Kel=2.62, and the water exchange coefficient in it is equal to 0.93 years, so the reservoir belongs to the II class. According to the data from 2007, 0.386 km2 of the reservoir basin was covered with algae; by 2021, this indicator was 0.677 km2.
Two-dimensional mathematical modeling of 2013 and 2020 Amur River floods
Authors: Belikov V. V. , Borisova N. M. , Glotko A. V. , Vasilyeva E. S.
Published: August 2023

Predicting river flooding of the territory where people live and engage in economic activities is urgent. The most problematic area in the Russian Far East is the territory through which the Amur River and its tributaries flow. The article considers the calculations of two Amur River floods: 2013 – catastrophic flood and 2020 – low flood. The simulation was carried out using a system of two-dimensional Saint-Venant equations using the Stream 2D CUDA program. The solution of the system of equations by numerical methods is based on the original author’s methodology. Channel depth maps and WordDEMTM (Airbus Defense and Space, Intelligence) data at 24 m resolution were used as a digital elevation model. Calculations of river floods in 2013 and 2020 were performed on a built-in and calibrated mathematical model, which matches the observational data well.
Development of recommendations on partial transfer of land to gravity irrigation in zone of Bandyhan - I substandard pumping station with compensation of expenses from Tupolang reservoir
Authors: Begmatov Ilkhom , Botirov Shavkat , Hojadurdyyev Hojadurdy , Hudayberdiyev Yaran
Published: August 2023

Based on the analysis of the work of the Khazarbagh irrigation system, water use plans, the household regime of the Tupolang River, the operation mode of the pumping station–I, proposals have been developed for the partial transfer of machine irrigation lands to gravity for the zone, the Bandyhan–I subcommand pumping station. With a two–fold accumulation of water in the Tupolang reservoir up to 40-60 million m3 and the use of this water for compensation through the end part of the Khazarbag canal, the distributor P – I in the Bandyhan canal, we recommend turning off the pumping station for the period from February to the first decade of June and from September to November. At the same time, the energy savings amount to 8.38 million kWh.
Intelligent device for measuring water level in irrigation channels of constant section
Authors: Ikramov Nazir , Kasimov Farkhod , Mukhamadjonov Akhmadjon , Majidov Takhir
Published: August 2023

The article discusses the problems of online monitoring of water metering in the irrigation systems of Central Asia, in particular the Republic of Uzbekistan, and identifies existing problems. The development of intelligent level measurement devices is aimed at solving these problems. A technique has been created for developing an intelligent level measurement device capable of operating stably even under various disturbing influences, considering abrupt climate changes. Based on this method, an intelligent device has been developed that allows online measurement of the water flow and its amount flowing in the channel based on measuring the water level in channels with a constant cross-sectional area. The device has the function of automatic selection of alternative networks for the exchange of information, such as GSM or Lora, depending on the conditions of information transmission over long distances. The device also includes the function of autonomous charging using solar energy in places with no power supply. The industrial sample of the device was tested and certified in laboratory and field conditions and at the National Certification Center of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and permission was obtained for its mass production. Because local manufacturers produce this device, it has advantages over its imported counterpart in terms of low cost, the availability of customization options, and easy adaptation to difficult conditions. In exchange for applying a smart filtering algorithm, the stabilization of received signals is improved by 74.2% due to intelligent filtering algorithms in a smart device. The reliability of information decreased by 8.2% in total. This result is less than the 9.5% target for information reliability.
Velocity distribution and hydrodynamic drag in turbulent flow
Authors: Ignatenko Evgenii , Bryanskaya Yuliya , Bryansky Ilya
Published: August 2023

This work aims to study the vertical velocity distribution in the near-wall layer of a pipe, channel, and boundary layer of a flat plate because these issues are of great practical and theoretical importance. Until now, engineering calculations of turbulent flows have been based on empirical formulas derived in the last century. The theory of turbulent fluid motion has not been completed, and the issues of velocity distribution and hydraulic resistance remain open for further study. It is known that velocity distribution in the flow is intricately linked to hydraulic resistance. Therefore, the study’s objectives also include determining the position of the point of maximum turbulent tangential stresses and comparing the change in tangential stresses with the logarithmic velocity profile. Based on calculation and analytical methods, we have researched the distribution of the turbulent component of the tangential stress along the depth of the flow. Derived an expression determining the position of the maximum point of the turbulent component of the tangential stress for smooth tubes. The contribution of the viscous component of the tangential stress at different points along the flow depth has been evaluated. The calculation results determining the position of the maximum point of the turbulent component of the tangential stress were compared with experimental data on velocity distribution in the flow. With the decrease of the hydraulic resistance coefficient, the point of maximum turbulent tangential stresses shifts towards the solid flow boundary. Based on the results of comparing the maximum turbulent tangential stresses with the total tangential stress, we can conclude that the contribution of the viscous component of the tangential stress to the total amount of friction and its influence on velocity distribution is significant. The angular coefficient of the velocity profile for the flow core is determined.
Calculation of strength of stilling basins and pressure in downstream water outlet structures
Authors: Khidirov Sanatjon , Artikbekova Fotima , Begmatov Ilkhom , Azimov Azam , Ismailov Naim , Sadikova A. V.
Published: August 2023

Calculations performed to determine the strength of the stilling basin and apron of the downstream zone should mainly be carried out, considering the conditions of their stability and strength. When calculating the elements of the fastening zone for strength and stability, it is advisable to consider vertical and moment hydrodynamic stresses. Conducting targeted research on developing scientific methods for calculating the interface between the spillway and downstream outlet structures, mitigating kinetic energy in the downstream toe, choosing designs for protecting downstream of the structure, and determining hydrodynamic loads is particularly important. In this regard, one of the important tasks is to conduct scientific research on improving the design of the downstream toe, working out methods for determining hydrodynamic loads while calculating the thickness of the stilling basin and apron, which ensures the strength of the downstream toe.
Automatic water level regulator with flexible working bodies in form of partition structure for trapezoidal channels
Authors: Kadirova Mukaddas-Gaukhar
Published: August 2023

To improve the designs of hydraulic automatic water level regulators with flexible working bodies for channels, the object of research was developing and studying an innovative design of an autoregulator of the water level with flexible working bodies in the form of a partition structure for trapezoidal channels. The study℉s main purpose was to create a design for trapezoidal channels that do not allow channel narrowing and provides automatic level control, draining excess water, washing deposits in front of the partition, and determining its throughput. The developed design consists of a gate with flexible working bodies and a water level regulator combined with it. The article presents a theoretical formula for determining the flow rate of lateral water flows through the gate of the water level autoregulator. Experimental studies were carried out on an experimental installation by the method of physical modeling using the criterion of geometric similarity of the model and nature. As a result of these studies, simpler formulas were obtained for determining the flow rate of lateral water flows through the gate and a formula for determining the total flow rate of water passing through the gate of the water level autoregulator with flexible working bodies for trapezoidal channels for use during operation.
Comprehensive automated drip irrigation system
Authors: Majidov Takhir , Tursunov Mukhamad , Buvabekov Bakhtiyor , Berdiev Mustafo , Ergashev Shamshod
Published: August 2023

Providing the population with clean drinking water and agricultural water, which provides humanity with food, has become one of the main problems around the world. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as in other countries of the world, the shortage of water is growing every year. The article states that one of the main factors for mitigating water shortages in agriculture is the introduction of water-saving technologies. Among water-saving technologies, the most effective system is drip irrigation. Therefore, introducing an integrated drip irrigation system in the mountainous and foothill regions of the republic, where there is a shortage of water and energy resources, will be very effective. To provide an integrated drip irrigation system with energy, it is proposed to use renewable energy sources (solar) and automation of the entire irrigation process for reliable operation.
Establishing construction of clarifiers for managing turbid sediments in flood reservoirs in mountain areas
Authors: Yangiev A. A. , Khujakulov R. , Adjimuratov D. S. , Serikkhanov B.
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of field research conducted in the Langar flood reservoir in the Kashkadarya region. Accumulation of large amounts of muddy sediments occurred in flood reservoir basins. The useless dead volume of the anchor flood reservoir is completely filled with silty sediments. As a result, storing the required volume of water in the flood reservoir is impossible when the flood flows occur. Therefore, building a two-chamber filter in the water-bearing basin of the flood reservoir is advisable. A two-chamber clarifier built in the catchment basin allows for the temporary settling of turbid sediments and improves the operational conditions of the flood reservoir. The construction of the flood reservoir is placed in the river bed of the flood reservoir. The 2nd chamber is connected to the first chamber, the length L2 = 200 m, the width b2 = 80 m, it is 1.25 times larger than the width of the natural bed, and the depth h2 = 1.5 m. Both cameras are assumed to have the same longitudinal slope i1 = i2. Preliminary recommendations on the safety assessment of flood reservoirs have been developed.
Algorithms for use of modeling methods in selection process of hydrotechnical construction project
Authors: Kuchkarova Dilarom , Ismatov Bakhtiyor , Radjabova Shakhnoza
Published: August 2023

This article describes the application of modeling methods to drawing up a design drawing of hydrotechnical construction associated with a topographic surface, using modern computer graphics programs, and the creation of new computer technology algorithms. This article draws several options for the design drawing of the dam, which is one of the hydrotechnical construction. The example of a dam project drawing shows simplified versions of the existing drawing rules and ways to select the most optimal option from several options for the created project drawing. The proposed algorithms are developed following modern programming languages.
Pulsating flow of stationary elastic-viscous fluids in flat-wall channel
Authors: Begjanov A. Sh. , Shukurov Z. K. , Yuldoshev B. Sh.
Published: August 2023

In this article, a specific problem of pulsating flow of visco-elastic fluids in a flat channel in a stationary state was solved. The main goal is to study the movement of visco-elastic fluids based on simplified mathematical models and to determine the existing hydrodynamic laws and hydrodynamic effects in the pulsating flow of a Newtonian fluid based on the obtained results.
Design of unsteady filtration in the upper water-resistant prism of earthfill dams given horizontal drainage layers in the base
Authors: Khomitkhon Fayziyev , Bakhodir Kulumbetov , Jamshid Choriyev , Azat Khalimbetov , Kuvonchbek Yakubov , Dilorom Khomidova
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of the study of unsteady filtration in the upper water-resistant prism of dams given horizontal drainage layers in the base. Design methods have been developed for unsteady filtration in the upper water-resistant prism of dams, given horizontal drainage layers in the base. Research main results have been presented for the number of schemes of drainage in the upper waterresistant prism of dams. Experimental research has been carried out to check the validity of accepted assumptions when deriving relationships for the filtration design of earthfill dams with horizontal drainage layers and assess the accuracy of the solutions obtained. Experimental research on processes under consideration for physical models has shown a good resemblance with the results obtained from numerical calculations. This makes it possible to confirm the validity of chosen design schemes and accepted initial assumptions in numerical studies.
Parameters of flow asymmetrically constrained by through spurs
Authors: Bakiev Masharif , Matkarimov Otanazar , Khalimbetov Azat , Kuybakov Seytkhan
Published: August 2023

Erosion of the banks of rivers brings enormous damage to the national economy of many countries. To combat them, various regulatory structures are being built: longitudinal dams, transverse traverse dams, watertight and permeable spurs, and combined transverse dams. Many issues of their design are sufficiently developed, including in our works, and are successfully applied.

This research aims to develop a method for hydraulic flow asymmetrically constrained by through pile-type spurs. The conditions of the planned task of the ratio of the flow width to the depth of more than 6 were also observed. The degree of restriction of the flow by spurs varied from zero to one, and the installation angle of the spurs from 600 to 900. The study of the velocity field showed their similarity with the main provisions of the theory of turbulent jets. The velocity distributions in both zones of turbulent mixing are universal and obey the theoretical Schlichting- Abramovich dependence. The expansion coefficient of the jet is 0.20. Theoretical studies have obtained dependences for determining the velocity in a weakly disturbed core, occurrent flows, and the spreading regions' lengths, which determine the installation locations of subsequent spurs.
Autoregulatory of water level for channels of parabolic section and its capacity
Authors: Kadirova Mukaddas-Gaukhar
Published: August 2023

The proposed design of the water level autoregulator with flexible working bodies for the channels of the parabolic section of the irrigation system is made in the form of a gate, which is a container formed by a rigid bottom, a pressure part made of flexible rubberized meliorative fabric, a rigid frame part of the spillway with a non-vacuum type profile covered with flexible meliorative fabric, and soft side elements also made of flexible rubberized meliorative fabric, which are a continuation of the pressure and spillway parts. Regulation of the water level in front of the autoregulator is carried out using a water level regulator. To determine the flow capacity of the gate of the proposed design of the water level autoregulator, a theoretical formula was derived, and experimental studies were carried out to determine the values of the flow coefficient included in this formula. The study was carried out on an experimental installation by the physical modeling method of the model and nature. As a result of the mathematical processing of the results of studies of the shutter model, an empirical formula was obtained for determining the shutter flow rate depending on the ratio of the iridescent water layer's thickness to the shutter's height. At the same time, the difference between the obtained values of the flow coefficients according to this formula and the results of experimental studies was +4...5 percent. This automatic water level regulator performs the function of a partition structure, does not require high costs, and can be portable and stationary; it is not metal-intensive, lightweight, transportable, combines the functions of stabilizing the required water level in the channel, dumping excess water, fin and debris, provides the necessary water enters the outlet openings of the channel.
Circumferential velocities in laminar and turbulent counter-vortex flow
Authors: Orekhov Genrikh
Published: August 2023

Knowledge of the parameters of fluid movement is essential in the designing and operating various technological processes in various technical applications. These processes play a special role in hydro engineering, where the structures of water works are directly subjected to static and dynamic forces from the side of the water flow. The operation of hydraulic turbines, spillway and water transport systems, and other hydraulic structures is directly connected with understanding the behavior of a fluid in various regimes of movement. This report is devoted to the study of a special type of fluid and gas flow, which is called counter-vortex flow. The report compares the results of the distribution of circumferential velocities with a laminar and turbulent pattern of fluid movement. The results of the laminar flow regime were obtained using a mathematical model, and the turbulent regime on a physical model using laser technologies. Such a comparison allows one to assess two approaches in determining the kinematic structures of a complicated flow. The parameters for the viscous fluid laminar flow were determined based on the traditional system of Navier-Stokes equations by determining the dependence of the circumferential component of the total velocity at the given initial circulations and angular flow velocity. A physical model was made and equipped with a set of measuring equipment to obtain the distribution of velocities in the turbulent flow. The comparison showed that the distributions of velocities for the considered flow regimes depending on the channel radius have close coincidence. In contrast, the transformation length-wise of the active zone of the flow is significant.
Results of application of water-saving technologies in rice farming
Authors: Ikramov Rakhimjan , Gapparo Samandar , Dzhumaev Ziyadulla , Abdukholik Utaev
Published: August 2023

The article presents the results of field studies on the application of sprinkling and drip irrigation technologies in the cultivation of rice in the soil and climatic conditions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan based on the tasks defined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 2, 2021, No. PD-4973 "On measures for the further development of rice growing". This article presents the results of field and laboratory studies on the application of rain and drip irrigation technologies in the cultivation of rice, primary irrigation regimes suitable for the soil and climatic conditions of the research object, the mechanical composition of the soil, salinity levels, salinity of irrigation water and the use of water-saving technologies in the cultivation of rice in experimental versions. The influence of the hydrochemical state of water on the soil and the yield of rice and its quality indicators were determined in the field conditions of the experiment.
Coefficient of hydraulic friction of plastic pipes
Authors: Rakhimov K. , Melikuziyev S. , Sultanov R.
Published: August 2023

Pressure systems are widely used in almost all areas of the public economy related to liquids. For example, at present, in the supply of drinking water to populated areas in the world, in heating systems, in agriculture, in cleaning water basins from muddy flows, in the mining industry, in construction, in the raising of muddy flows, in the chemical industry, in the process of moving muddy flows at the same speed, in pipeline systems of viscous muddy flows efficient systems are being used for transportation and many other purposes. Recently, plastic pipes have been widely used in production. Such pipes are cheap, light, and resistant to various decays, and their installation is relatively easy. One of the main problems in the hydraulic calculation of pressure systems is the determination of the coefficient of hydraulic friction. Recently, many scientists working in the field have been improving the hydraulic calculations of such pipelines. Yet, there is still a lot of theoretical and experimental research to be done. The article presents a method for determining the coefficient of hydraulic friction in plastic pipes in laboratory conditions.