bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing Philosophical Perspectives: "Turn to Animals" in the New Anthropology
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kozyreva Maria
Published: August 2021

The period of the end of the twentieth — the beginning of the twenty-first century can be called the heyday of human rights movements that advocate the inclusion of new agencies in the political, ethical, social and other fields. Among them arose the animal rights movement, which later developed into a philosophical turn called animal turn, which is now one of the most popular in the Western philosophical and anthropological discourse. Being mostly a media and popular science project, animal turn has been little studied and criticized from an academic point of view. In this article, it is proposed to explore the history of the turn, its development and, most importantly, how the ideas about man, animal and their relationships changed within the framework of animal turn. The new anthropology, which also includes the turn under discussion, inextricably links the concept of man with the concept of boundary, stating it as a necessary element for the constitution of the human self. As a part of a general philosophical trend to expand the discourse of the Other, animal turn suggests to consider the animal as a universal example of Otherness, which can not only coexist with a human, but also be an integral part of his self-perception. The article proposes to consider how the transition from the recognition of animals as "also feeling" was gradually made to the idea of maximum inclusiveness, openness and hospitality. It is also proposed to critically comprehend the new concept of man as a being who strives for maximum positive harmony with himself and the material world. As examples, the texts of the most famous representatives of animal turn are analyzed: P. Singer, T. Regan, J. Derrida, B. Massumi, P. Godfrey-Smith and V. Despre.
The Genius of the Artist through the Prism of His Models
Authors:   National research University Higher school of Economics, Maslov Viktor
Published: August 2021

The essay, which consists of two parts, analyzes the female images of two great artists Botticelli and Picasso. The essay has the character of an art history study with memoir interweaves. In the first part, the author makes an attempt to decipher the genius of Botticelli using the technique of analyzing the prototype of the artist's heroine and comparing it with the image of a real woman, similar to the Botticelli model. The artist's genius is revealed through the type created by him, in a sense — invariant, of a beautiful woman, the spiritual and material image of which is repeated in reality. The energy of Botticelli's paintings, which is their secret, allowed the author to see in life a real copy of the artist's heroine. Using the archive of preserved personal letters of a beautiful lady, as if she descended from Botticelli's paintings “Spring” and “The Birth of Venus”, the author draws an analogy the epistolary legacy with cinema, when events are described not in strict chronological order, but rather individual important moments and experiences are highlighted and are scaled. According to the letters, the author reconstructs the character of his heroine and hypothetically transfers these character traits to the Botticelli model, about whose character there is almost no evidence left. The second part of the essay is inspired by a photograph of Picasso's wife Olga Khokhlova, preserved in the personal archive of the author's friends. The author embeds his story about the muse and the great love of Picasso and about his other paradoxical models in the circumstances of his personal life, in the situation of his youth, comparing the revolutionary changes in art at the beginning of the XX century with the moods of the representatives of the artistic intelligentsia of the 70s of the past century. The heroines of Picasso and the strange interweaving of the fate of the participants in the author's narrative represent the content of this part of the essay.
Metaphysical Foundations of Spatiality in the Teachings of the Classical Mutakallims (VIII-XIII centuries)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nofal Faris Osmanovich
Published: August 2021

The article reviews Muslim mutakallimūn’s doctrines of VIII–XIII centuries about metaphysic basis of spatiality. Using a huge amount of Mutazili’, Ashari’ and Zaydi’ treatises, the author analyzes three the most significant conceptual blocks of physical theories of Muslim theologists – cosmologic, macro- and microspatial. The study shows, that pre-islamic time’s mythologems, which partially consist in a Muslim mythological corpus texti, specify basic theoretical coordinates of kalām cosmology. The latter, in its turn, bases on general Semitic intuition of hierarchy layout of metaverse. As for indigenous speculation of Mutakalimūn’s about tridimentional microspace, it has found its expression in elaborating the categories of makān and djiha – to denote virtual or real whereabouts of the entity and the void. In the end, Middle-East philosophers-atomists interpreted microspace – hayyiz predicatively connected with the sense of tiny matter particles, as geometrical unexpanse, which serves as ontology base both for one- or two-dimensionality and for three-dimensional complex entities. Separately the article offers original Mutakallimūn’s theories, which refer to the problems of reciprocity between spiritual entities and physical space.
Maimonides’ Metaphysics and Cosmology in “The Guide for Perplexed” and in “The Epistle to the Sages of Marseille”
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Andreev Gennady Petrovich
Published: August 2021

Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Maimonides) in the Second part of his main philosophical treatise The Guide for Perplexed analyzes geocentric cosmology which was for his epoch as paradigm. Also there he considers peripatetic ideas on Pre-eternity of the Universe and concept of multitude of worlds. He challenges and queries Post-Ptolemaic concept of epicycles what is so indistinctive for 12th century. Also two Medieval Jewish mysterious doctrines named Ma’ase Bereshit (Action of Creation) and Ma’ase Merqava (Action of Charriot) are analyzed by him in light of popular for Jewish High Middle Age interpretation as Physics and Metaphysics respectively. Mystical Talmudic teaching on Kise ha-Kavod (the Throne of [Divine] Glory) is interpreted as Peripatetic view on superlunary world. In The Epistle to the Sages of Marseille Maimonides sets some criteria up for rational faith and regards fundamental arguments against astrology by dividing pre-scientific cosmology and superstitions. He considers concept of rea’ya brura (pure viewing or clear proof) in epistemological and ontological sense. To rabbi Moshe logic of mathematical proof (and Pre-Scientific Knowledge at all) and sensual perception have got more weight than Biblical prophets literary words.
Metaphysical Principles at the Basis of Analogical Predication of God and Creatures
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dvořák Petr
Published: August 2021

The aim of the paper is to reconstruct the key metaphysical presuppositions on which Thomas Aquinas grounds his analogical predication of God and creatures. By doing so one can get a better grip on what analogical predication means in Aquinas and how a term predicated of God differs in meaning from that ascribed to creatures, e.g. the term “wise”. First, there are two kinds of predication of a property based on the mode of ontological realization of the property in God and creatures (essential predication and predication based on participation). These differences in modes of realization translate into the semantics of predication (the meaning of the copula and the subject and predicate terms). The properties in God and in creatures respectively are related by the relationship of exemplar causation. The property in God is not directly apprehended by the intellect but is partially understood based on the property in creatures. The latter, being apprehended by a human mind, must be qualified by negation and making eminent.
German-Russian Philosophical Dialogue: God and the World in S. Frank and M. Scheler
Authors:   St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Rezvykh Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: August 2021

The commonality of views of S. Frank and M. Scheler on the question of the relationship between God and the world is based on the fact, that both philosophers relied on the ideas of Platonism and German mysticism. Both philosophers were convinced of the existence of a spiritual identity between Russia and Germany. This affinity is expressed in the reception of the mystical worldview. The article examines the views of Scheler and Frank on the development of Russian and German cultures. The article examines Frank's point of view on the existence in Europe of a single “eternal philosophy” that goes back to Platonism and Eastern Patristics. This philosophy, according to Frank, is the main line of philosophy in Europe and Russia. Frank continues the tradition of Neo-Platonism, medieval German mysticism and mysticism of German classical philosophy (Baader). God, according to Frank, is an incomprehensible fundamental principle of being. The creation of the world is the revelation of the inner life of God. In a later book “The light shineth in darkness” Frank doubts the omnipotence of God, but does not renounce the idea of the existential unity of God and the world. God as Spirit reveals “weakness” in the world. Frank's position is panentheism. Scheler, like Frank, is associated with Neoplatonism and German mysticism (Schelling). Scheler’s world and God are in close connection. God becomes a personal God in the process of creating the world. Like Frank, Scheler comes to the conclusion that the spiritual principle has no power over the vital principle. His position should be characterized as pantheism. Thus, Frank and Scheler act as followers of the mystical doctrine of the direct connection between God and the world. In their worldview, neoplatonic mysticism, German mysticism and Christianity are united into one whole.
Encounter as a Category of the Religious Hermeneutics
Authors:   Austrian Academy of Scienssts, Oberhammer Gerhard
Published: August 2021

The reader is offered a Russian translation of the German article (its final part) of the modern philosopher and indologist Gerhard Oberhammer (b. 1929) “Encounter as a Category of Religious Hermeneutics”. In addition to the fact that this article reflects the professional interests of Oberhammer as an indologist, who here carries out a philosophical reflection of his many years of experience in studying the religious and philosophical systems of India, it is also interesting for its pronounced and definitely author’s philosophical position, which is akin in content to the ideas of E. Levinas, and in expression – to the language of M. Heidegger. The complexity of Oberhammer’s language can become an obstacle to the reception of his philosophical works, which we observe as a typical reaction among the Indologists.
Contour mapping of civilization
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Neretina Svetlana S.
Published: August 2021

The article, which is a reaction to the report of A.V. Rubtsov “Russian project of civiliza­tional development: thematic structure and framework of categories”, contour mapping of structures, ways to identify the content, meaning and objectives of civilizations is dis­cussed as having theoretical and methodological significance. At the same time, the prob­lem of understanding the terms “state”, “nation”, “civilization”, “law”, and above all “history” is posed, with which the very appearance of the idea of civilization is closely connected, which can have different meanings not only in different civilizations, but also within different regions of one civilization, depriving the sense of trying to achieve con­sensus in controversial situations. The analysis of these concepts, which make up the framework of civilizations, entailed the need to identify the difference between the con­cept of New history as a designation of the border of time and Modernity as the content of the new, to show the ways of temporal shifts. Contour mapping of civilization reveals both the difference between them and their commonality, and the historicity mode, which establishes relationships and strategies of relationships between different times, allows you to create a variety of network connections: political with physical, historical, social maps that fit in the pockets of each person, etc., revealing and the similarities and unique­ness of the time in each separate region. This kind of ability to identify differentials of civilization, history or culture with the help of technically adjusted means makes it possi­ble to predict crisis moments during which any time (past, present and future) begins to lose its shape. The crisis and the awareness of the crisis make it possible to overcome his­tory as an expression of Modernity, because one cannot raise the question of the future while being inside history. The task is to correctly form the composition of the project, which should exclude attempts to create a future theory from the past. Trying to build only on the basis of a supposedly known and settled past is to doom your attempts to fail­ure: the purpose of the project is to overcome the past, the departure from which indicates that the expected changes should not be similar to the events of the past. The project is an attempt to find a language in which the future can speak.
Current objectives of Russian philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Smirnov Andrey V.
Published: August 2021

The article is dedicated to the problem of stringing together Russian social reality and genuine theoretical concerns of philosophy. Due to lifting ideological restriction in 1991 the major part of philosophical work was aimed on catching up with Western philosophy widening the gap between society and philosophy in Russia and stating Western value system as universal. The pressing issue for modern Russian philosophy is to formulate and to accept the epis­temological basis for Russian civilization project equal in scale to the Western one. It re­quires the search of a new solution that could be able to gather heterogeneous value sys­tems of Russian society. It should be more universal than “traditional Russian values”, which requires the great efforts on developing individual philosophical consciousness and reaching the deep self-awareness both philosophical and social. The Western-free basis of cogitation in Russian culture could be found in the idea of Vsesubektnostʼ as an utopian idea of the whole world unity, non-losable entirety and non-losable subjectivity. This idea could be used as unobtainable ideal to contemplate how the big culture could manifest itself into civilization system. It specifies the huge field for all-level research from the philosophy of consciousness to the practical cultural and civilization construction.
Some philosophical bases of civilizational discourse in modern Russia
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Reznik Yuriy M.
Published: August 2021

The author of the article shares, on the whole, the conclusions reached by A.V. Smirnov. First, the West, with its claims to the universality of its own civilizational project and the policy of globalization, is not suitable for Russia. The latter cannot be the West due to the logic of the development of its culture (cultures). Russia expresses the universal in its own form and claims to be a universal project. Secondly, Russian philosophy, according to the speaker, is in many respects «secondary metaphysics» in relation to Western thought, using its methodology and conceptual apparatus. And yet she has a chance to turn towards her own project and formulate her agenda. Thirdly, since Russia cannot be the West, it means that it must be guided by its own reason, correlating it with the minds of other peoples and cultures. To expand the capabilities of the Russian mind, it is neces­sary to gradually overcome the colonial nature of the knowledge system, incl. philosophy, and initiate new projects and discourses. Fourthly, in Russia there are several large cul­tures and religions that arose in it from the very beginning and are united by a common historical destiny. It is possible to unite within the framework of a civilizational project only if there are integrative values, as well as a unifying idea (“all-humanity”) and a spe­cial way of the subject-predicate complex (for example, “all-subjectness”).
On the development of Russian civilization. Patriotism and liberalism
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dubrovsky David I.
Published: August 2021

Some topical issues of the development of the Russian civilization is discussed in the arti­cle. The author emphasizes the inconsistency of the positions of those authors who deny the originality of Russian civilization, argue about the “under-civilization” of Russia and argue that Western civilization should serve as a model for it. This position is shared by a number of our domestic philosophers and cultural figures. Among them a prominent role plays A.V. Rubtsov. In his numerous publications, he sees in the “political infantil­ism” of voters “a regression of Russian public consciousness”, and explains this with the concept of “narcissism” proposed by him. In contrast to Rubtsovʼs destructive posi­tion, the author defends the patriotic position, which presupposes a constructive approach to solving the fundamental problems of the development of Russian civilization. The ideals of service and devotion to the Motherland have always occupied a high place in Russian culture and social activities. The patriotism of the Soviet people was one of the decisive factors in the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. This kind of deep value structure of social consciousness is ineradicable, it still exists in one degree or another in the popular consciousness and serves as an important factor in creative activity. The para­mount importance of the sustainable development of Russia in the context of the growing global crisis of earthly civilization is emphasized. This question should take an important place in the development of the project of Russian civilizational development.
Reflections on Russian civilization
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Burov Vladilen G.
Published: August 2021

Russian scientists (academicians Smirnov A.V., Tishkov V.A.) defend the idea that Russia is not a monoreligious country, that the Russian people are multinational. Representatives of the former Soviet republics, now sovereign states, live on the territory of the current Russian Federation. As a result of the civilizational role of Russia, they have in many re­spects become Russians, regardless of their ethnicity (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Armenian, Georgian, Kazakh, Moldovan, Uzbek, etc.). The European civilizational project is local, it does not have a universal status – like any other local civilizational project. Similarly, European values cannot be considered universal. Exactly the same point of view is held by Chinese politicians and scientists. In China, they constantly emphasize the specifics of their civilization and the attributes associated with it. Currently, the country has launched a broad campaign to promote the “basic socialist values”, they are subordinated to the common goal – to transform China into a rich, democratic, civilizational, harmonious socialist state. This goal should be achieved by 2049 – the 100th anniversary of the found­ing of the Peopleʼs Republic of China.
At the origins of eurasianism. Centenary of the book “Europe and humanity” by N.S. Trubetskoy (review of International Scientific Conference)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ugrin Ivan M.
Published: August 2021

This article is a review of the International Scientific Conference – At the origins of eurasianism. Centenary of the book Europe and humanity by N.S. Trubetskoy. The ar­ticle outlines the reports made by the participants of the conference, contains main ideas and statements voiced during discussion, as well as shows the topicality of both autho­rial and classical theses (by N.S. Trubetskoy himself) within the context of civilizational development.
On the “second wind” of civilizational development (reflections on the report of N.I. Lapin)
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kasavina Nadezhda A.
Published: August 2021

The text is a response to some of the passages of the report by N.I. Lapin, which was pre­pared for discussion of the methodological grounds of the “Russian Civilizational Devel­opment Project” (Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences). In the continuation of the methodological searches of N.I. Lapin, the concept of the historical development of the civilization of K. Jaspers is considered in more detail in accordance with the all-human idea of A.V. Smirnov, as well as in the context of the justification of civilizational unity through the phenomenon of transversal reason (V. Welsh). Based on these ideas, the justification for the importance of constructing the unity of world civiliza­tion, which should take place not through the priority of individual cultures, countries or their associations, but on the basis of their originality, is provided. The concept of histori­cal development of K. Jaspers allows us to conclude that the distinction of the first axial time is the formation of cultural identity, local cultural self-awareness as a result of the path of civilization to the transcendent. The second axial time tends to the formation of an all-human civilization, transversely “collecting” local cultural achievements. In modern times, the most important factor in this formation is the progress in science and technology, which determines the main paths of civilizational development. At the same time, the social and humanitarian sciences have a mission to ensure cultural dialogue and participate in the general process of dis­cussing the current problems of our time. Globalization can be thought of as interaction, including the interaction of projects of further world development, taking into account both the unique cultural features and the history of civilizations, and their coexistence in the world as a whole.
Civilization and society as categories of social philosophy
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Shevchenko Vladimir N.
Published: August 2021

The topical issue of the relationship between civilization and society as basic concepts of social philosophy is discussed in the article. In modern literature, there are great disagree­ments and ambiguities here, due, first of all, to the broad interpretation of civilization by the majority of authors, the interpretation in many cases actually coinciding with the meaning of the concept of society. The article proposes a solution to the issue proceeding from a social-philosophical consideration of four different meanings of the word society: society in general, society as a specific historical type of society, a specific separate soci­ety (socior, in the terminology of Yu.I. Semenov) and humanity as an internally differen­tiated integrity, as a modern human society. One can assume that civilization acts as a characteristic of both the state and the process of development of society in each of its meanings, a characteristic in terms of the correspondence of a particular society to a soci­ological (stage-formation) project. By defining society as an integral social system, a so­ciological theory as a scientific one gives an answer to the question of what exists (what kind of community of people is in structure, functions, subjects and social relations), and with the help of the concept of civilization – how does this society really reproduce itself, how do regulatory mechanisms that determine the actions and deeds of people. Civiliza­tion deals with the present, with the activities of people who change this present, and so­ciety, in the philosophical sense, and not in the sociological one, is the desired future, those distant mountain peaks, that transcendental reality to which the acting person rushes. When it is said today that Russia is returning to itself, that it must make a civiliza­tional choice, it is important to emphasize in every possible way that the choice of a civi­lizational identity, by definition, is unthinkable without a project. A sociological project as a scientific project is directed to the future, outlines the contours of the future, and therefore only project thinking is able to give an opportunity to make the right civiliza­tional choice.
“Russian Civilizational Development Project” and anthroposociocultural approach
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lapin Nikolay I.
Published: August 2021

The article is based on the report at the seminar № 1 of “Russian Civilizational Development Project” dated to 27th October 2020. (This project is a megatheme of the Institute of philosophy RAS, headed by the academician Andrey V. Smirnov). The article reviews key theoretical and methodological problems of civilizational research in the context of the named megatheme. The author uses the results of earlier researches [24; 25], in particular methodology of the anthroposo­ciocultural approach which he elaborated within the framework of the RFBR research project, its general characteristics were published in the “Sociological Research” with the support of the RFBR [26]. The author attempted to take into account the discussion that took place at the semi­nar, without changing the meaning of the text of the report, but clarifying its provisions. The au­thor also shortened the already published part of the text on the uniqueness of civilizations [27] and suggested some supplements in conclusion. A detailed justification of some of thesis and brief texts, which illustrate the positions of the cited authors, are given in the appendices to the main text.
“Civilization” and civilizational Evolution of Russia
Authors:   Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Granin Yuriy D.
Published: August 2021

The report analyzes the problem of the civilizational evolution of Russia on the basis of the use of a set of ideas of F.A. Tolstoy. Brodel, P. Sorokin, S. Eisenstadt, K. Jaspers, and other specialists. The content of the term “civilization” is discussed. “Civilization” is interpreted by the author as a socio-philosophical category to denote the diversity of cultural and his­torical types of development of economically and politically connected large communities of people and/or their aggregates (communities), subjectively and symbolically integrated into a relatively unified whole through historical and social imagination, cultural mean­ings, values and norms that serve as the cause, purpose and basis for the organization and functioning of these communities. This definition is concretized by revealing the dialectics of the relationship of social, cultural, cognitive and institutional components of “civiliza­tion” using the example of Russia in the historical range from Kievan Rus to the modern Russian Federation. The most important institutional factors in the formation and develop­ment of civilizations, their interaction and expansion over long distances were “universal States” – “kingdoms” and “empires”. Studying the formation and development of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Russian Empire and the USSR, the author comes to the conclusion that historically these political forms had several civilizational embodiments: the “Orthodox civilization” of the Moscow Kingdom (XVI–XVII centuries), the “civiliza­tional pseudo-morphosis” of the Romanov Empire in the XVIII and mid-XIX century, the “hybrid modern civilization” of Russia on the eve of the First World War, and the “Soviet civilization”, which represented an alternative type of modern (industrial and value-seman­tic) development to the West. Modern Russia, of course, inherits it. But it doesnʼt have a meta-ideology that unites peoples, and it doesnʼt have claims, like the United States, to global dominance. Rather, it is a civilizational hybrid, fancifully combining elements of the archaic, Soviet past and Western modernity.
presença da ONU em Timor-Leste e as transformações das operações de paz
Authors: Bigatão Puig Juliana , Alves Digolin Kimberly , Dias de Paula Leonardo
Published: August 2021

O artigo analisa as características das operações de paz da ONU em Timor-Leste, entre 1999 e 2012, no contexto da independência do país, e situa tais processos intervencionistas no panorama mais amplo de transformações dessas missões conduzido no âmbito da burocracia onusiana. A partir da apreciação de fontes documentais e bibliográficas, sustentase o argumento de que o componente operacional das missões em Timor-Leste refletiu a mudança dos atributos e princípios que orientam as operações de paz, especialmente no que se refere à multidimensionalidade e à robustez dos mandatos, assim como ao modelo de missões integradas.
papel dos Estados Unidos na Reforma do Setor de Segurança do Haiti (1994-2004)
Authors: Finazzi João Fernando , Nasser Reginaldo
Published: August 2021

A Reforma do Setor de Segurança (RSS) do Haiti no que se refere às ações da polícia e das forças armadas tornou-se objeto fundamental das missões da ONU. A literatura sobre o tema tem enfatizado o papel de diferentes agências internacionais nesse processo, mas sem dar o devido destaque à presença dos EUA. Nosso objetivo é demonstrar que havia, no processo de RSS do Haiti e de constituição da atual Polícia Nacional Haitiana, elementos que podem auxiliar no entendimento da relação entre as organizações internacionais e a política de poder dos EUA entre 1994 e 2004.
pensamento chinês e a teoria de Relações Internacionais
Authors: Barbosa Pedro
Published: August 2021

O estudo de relações internacionais na China tem avançado nos últimos anos com a crescente importância do país no cenário mundial. Cresceram esforços para criar um corpo teórico essencialmente chinês e que reflita sua cultura e filosofia tradicionais, dando forma ao Movimento Escola Chinesa. Há consenso sobre as prováveis origens históricas dessa nova teoria chinesa de relações internacionais e proposições como realismo moral, teoria relacional e sistema “tianxia” atraem crescente atenção, mas não oferecerem ainda modelo alternativo e inovador. A superação desses obstáculos passa pela correção de limitações organizacionais, acadêmicas e teóricas que persistem nas universidades locais.
Public-private partnership as a factor in the formation of the tourist potential of Russian territories
Authors:   Faculty of Management, Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia, et al. Rogach
Published: August 2021

Public-private partnership is one of the most significant factors in the development of tourist attractiveness of Russian territories, a mechanism for improving the quality and differentiation of tourist services. The authors aim to determine the possibilities and limitations of using the mechanism of public-private partnership in the process of forming the tourist potential of Russian territories. The study used a set of general theoretical research methods: classification, systematization, etc. The key research methods are the analysis of documents on the research problem, as well as a focus group study, where the heads of Russian municipalities acted like experts. Barriers to the development of public-private partnership practices in tourism are the following: gaps in the legal framework, the complexity of project approval procedures, the lack of effective support for these practices in the media, problems of the investment climate, the orientation of PPP projects to large businesses with an insufficient number of successful commercial players in the tourism market. The results of the study show that the favorable investment climate of the municipality is the dominant factor in the development of public-private partnerships in the field of tourism. A comprehensive approach to the development of public-private partnership projects include the following measures: the formation of institutional conditions, information and consulting support for entrepreneurs, the removal of organizational barriers, the introduction of various types of benefits and preferences for business representatives.
Cultural Consciousness: A case study of dying art on Batik Block in Malaysia
Authors: Naser Faradiba Liana , Khairi Hanif , Legino Rafeah , Rosman Rahman
Published: August 2021

Malaysia's traditional batik block is a national treasure. However, it is slowly dying out, especially on the east coast. With globalisation and rapid technological change, batik block production is becoming limited as younger generations lose interest in block making. Few master block makers remain in Malaysia. Cultural awareness of block makers towards the Batik community and society is required. This research paper aims to make the traditional batik block more interesting and stimulating through innovation that does not change the original block state. The art of block making will continue to flourish to preserve Malaysia's traditional culture.
Keywords: Cultural Consciousness, Dying Art, Batik Block
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2934
Iconography Underpinning Malaysian Portrait Painting
Authors: Abdul Rahim Rosliza , Mokhtar Mumtaz , Vermol Verly Veto , Legino Rafeah
Published: August 2021

Malaysian portrait paintings were introduced in the 1930s where local artists started using the subject in their art-making. In art, portraits are generally known as the likeness of a person, especially a face and shoulders, but in fact, there are more ways to define portrait and painting. There is a lack of understanding and interpretation on the subject. Consequently, this study aims to trace the chronology of the development of Malaysian portrait paintings. The stylistic and contextual issues, including its formalistic format, media, themes and styles, and artists, are also examined in this study using a mixed-mode of research method.
Keywords: Portraits; Painting; Iconography
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2936
Reflection of the Mystical Element through the Form of Sape’ Using Metal in Modern Sculpture
Authors: Zaluhi Nor Zafharina , Abdullah Ramlan , Shamsudin Khairi
Published: August 2021

The work of art construes the state of the pontoon during the semester to be adjusted by the Sape. He created Sape's current state after awaking from his rest in the vessel. As a result, the arrangement and standing model were created, as well as the Sape' theme. Porpion and engkerabang blossom themes enhance Pua Kumbu. Aims of the study: So that the guidelines and goals are met, they must be stated. They are incorporating a mystical element into Sape's instrument through free-standing sculptures. Create a sculpture using plate metal and a plasma cut machine—a series of free-standing sculptures reflecting mystical elements.
Keywords: Forms, Mystical, Sculpture, Sape’
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2938
The Changing Landscape of the Malay Gamelan and its Implications on Music Education in Malaysia
Authors: Mohd Shah Shahanum , Poheng Janette Jannah
Published: August 2021

Globalisation and information technology have posed challenges to cultural systems whereby new ways are taking over old ways that are indigenous to a particular culture. Traditional modes of cultural expression are being restructured where changes in musical practices and sound systems are affecting composers to remain vital. New music for the Malay gamelan using new modes of expression require schools to act as agents for change and innovation to occur. This study examines the direction gamelan music is taking in Malaysia and its implications on music education in Malaysia in order for the gamelan to remain relevant.
Keywords: Malay gamelan; teaching; learning; approaches
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021.. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2939
The Good Old Days of Hisbah in Preserving Food Hygiene and Safety
Authors: Ishak Amal Hayati , Tengku Zawawi Tengku Nurul Saadah , Syed Abdullah Sharifah Fadylawaty , Muhamad Mohd Dani
Published: August 2021

Many writings compliment the golden age of Islam, particularly the hisbah institution, as an effective and responsive mechanism to enjoin good and forbid evil. During those times, the real purpose of hisbah served various aspects. This article explores the mechanisms in preserving food hygiene and safety as applied by hisbah. Employing content analysis of relevant manuals, this article concludes on lessons to be learned from the good old days of hisbah. Among the significant findings is the detailed practices to maintain food hygiene and safety taken by the officials more than 700 years ago, reflecting the civilized nation beyond time.
Keywords: food hygiene and safety; hisbah; muhtasib
eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2940
Exploring the Application of Islamic Legal Maxims in Advertising: Practices of manufacturers
Authors: Jaapar Nurzahidah , Mohamed Yusof Mohd Faiz , Mohd Mohd Dani , Syed Abdullah Sharifah Fadylawaty
Published: August 2021

The previous study has argued that the focus of advertising has caused many socio-economic hazards in damaging moral and cultural values by causing exploitation and fraud. Engaging in a systematic content analysis procedure, this article aims to explore the applications of Islamic Legal Maxims in advertising with regards to the manufacturers' practices in supplementary food products industries. Next, explicit purposes are to determine the malpractices among manufacturers in their advertising as well as a shariah-compliant parameter as a guideline to manufacturers in advertising supplementary food products based on the integration of Islamic Legal Maxim and principles of Shariah.
Keywords: Advertising, supplementary food, Islamic Legal maxim
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2942
The Impacts of Gadget Use on Maqasid Shariah in the Context of Mind Preservation: A study among UiTM Shah Alam Students
Authors: Syed Abdullah Sharifah Fadylawaty , Ismail, Fadhilah Adibah , Zakaria Azizah , Yusoff Kamariah
Published: August 2021

This paper focuses on 'The Impacts of Gadget Use on Maqasid Shariah in the Context of Mind Preservation: A study among UiTM Shah Alam Students'. One of the positive impacts of using gadgets is to increase awareness among respondents. Use of gadgets in Islam must, therefore, be subject to the restrictions of Islamic law. It is hoped that this study will help the relevant parties to address the abuse of gadgets by recommending the appropriate guidelines for the optimal, decisive, comprehensive, balanced and practical use of devices among adolescents from the Islamic perspective.
Keywords: maqasid Shariah; mind preservation; gadgets; impact, mind function
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6iSI5.2946
Teachers’ Attitudes Towards Using First Language in English Classrooms: A Case Study of Kurdish Intermediate Teachers
Authors: Latif Haval Abdulaziz
Published: August 2021

This study aims to shed light on the teachers’ attitudes and insights towards using first language (L1) in intermediate English (L2) classrooms. It looks into the justifications and perceptions that teachers have regarding the use of Kurdish in English classrooms. More specifically, this study tries to find the major challenges that teachers face if the use of Kurdish language is ignored at intermediate schools. The analysis of this paper was based on a case study which was conducted on (10) intermediate English language teachers from (7) public and private schools in Sulaymaniyah. Qualitative methodology was applied by interviewing the participants virtually and asking the same open-ended questions. The results revealed that the majority of the teachers support the bilingual approach and the use of Kurdish language in intermediate English classrooms. Furthermore, the results showed that the teachers, to some extent, support the use of the Kurdish language to serve certain pedagogical functions, such as decreasing classroom anxiety, increasing students’ participation, explaining difficult idiomatic expressions, giving test instructions, and facilitating classroom management. The findings of this study will help the intermediate English language teachers and learners to overcome the challenges they may face and, ultimately, improve the teaching and learning process.
The Impact of English Language Proficiency on Writing Critical Literary Assessments
Authors: Javanmiri Mohammad Sedigh , Bdaiwi Sahima Abdulsalam
Published: August 2021

This research paper seeks to investigate the importance and impact of proficiency in English language, especially in contexts where English is a foreign language, in creating well-versed literary analyses produced by university students. This study theorizes that students who have not profoundly established proper proficiency in English and indispensable critical skills are most prone to demonstrate low-grade analytical quality in their literary critical evaluations. The mainstream in the field of language teaching utilizes literature only as one of the potential learning aids that offer demanding decoding challenges to the students. The overall quality, however, of language proficiency across the students’ literary critical writings is less investigated, especially in contexts where English is a foreign language and specifically among the students who study at the Department of English at University of Human Development (UHD). The present study argues that different elements that shape language proficiency coalesce, in collaboration with developed literary and critical skills, in adequately written critical assessments of literary works. Moreover, Educational workers’, at English departments, foremost priority, based on their mission ─teaching either literature or language─ is, accordingly to hone students’ critical and language skills.
Notwithstanding, the very title of the BA program in English language and literature predominantly considers the vital role of language proficiency.
Political Governance in the Light of the Constitutional Amendment in Algeria and the Mechanisms of Political Reform (Organizing Powers as a Model)
Authors: Qaui Bouhania , Ismaiel Latrish
Published: August 2021

Since the transformation of the Algerian political system in 1989, the principle of separation of powers has emerged strongly in political life, as an inevitable alternative to what prevailed in the past from the consolidation of power under the one-party system, and with the fading of manifestations of enshrining the principle in the 1996 Constitution and the subsequent amendments that contributed to Strengthening presidential dominance of power, which resulted in a clear imbalance between powers, which called for the intervention of the Algerian constitutional founder in order to introduce new reforms in line with the urgent popular demands aimed at sending promising political reforms that guarantee good political governance, especially with regard to orga…