bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic Strategy for the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Construction Project Implementation
Authors: Andiyan Andiyan
Published: December 2022

Aside from project delays, the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the construction industry includes the distribution of construction supplies and materials, labor and labor reductions, work hour reductions, and even temporary work stoppage for projects in the red zone. Domestic construction, on the other hand, is in a pickle since PUPR Minister Basuki Hadimuljono said that despite the COVID-19 epidemic, construction services would continue to operate under the Instruction of the Minister of PUPR No 2/2020, which was issued on March 27, 2020. This forces the construction industry to continue operating while adapting to numerous adjustments during and after the epidemic. Method A survey is the data-gathering tool that will be utilized in this study. The data collection instrument will be a questionnaire that will be distributed either online or offline. Principal Component Analysis was employed as the analytical technique (Principal Component Analysis). The findings of this research indicate that the following elements contribute to the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on construction projects: project finance factors, regional restraint factors (PSBB), labor factors, material and equipment factors, project uncertainty factors, and strike factors. Numerous ways may be used to undertake construction projects during and after a pandemic, each one tailored to the primary components generated. For the first Main component, the following solutions are possible: 1) Managing the cash flow of the project effectively and efficiently; 2) Using the way of analysis of the value of the outcomes (earn value method) to manage the project's budget and schedule; 3) Preparing an unexpected budget for the project.
Human Action Detection and Recognition: A Pragmatic Approach using Multiple Feature Extraction Techniques and Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Basavaiah Jagadeesh , Anthony Audre Arlene
Published: December 2022

Action recognition is described as the capability of determining the action that a human exhibit in the video. Latest innovations in either deep-learning or hand-crafted methods substantially increased the accuracy of action recognition. However, there are many issues, which keep action recognition task far from being solved. The task of human action recognition persists to be complicated and challenging due to the high complexity associated with human actions such as motion pattern variation, appearance variation, viewpoint variation, occlusions, background variation and camera motion. This paper presents a computational approach for human action recognition using video datasets through different stages: Detection, tracking of human and recognition of actions. Human detection and tracking are carried out using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) and Kalman filtering respectively. Different feature extraction techniques such as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Optical Flow Estimation, Bi-dimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition (BEMD), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are used to extract optimal features from the video frames. The features are fed to the Convolutional Neural Network classifier to recognize and classify the actions. Three datasets viz. KTH, Weizmann and Own created datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the developed method. Using SIFT, BEMD and DWT multiple feature extraction technique, the proposed method is called Hybrid Feature Extraction – Convolutional Neural Network based Video Action Recognition (HFE-CNN-VAR) method. The results of the work demonstrated that the HFE-CNN-VAR method enhanced the accuracy of action classification. The accuracy of classification is 99.33% for Weizmann dataset, 99.01% for KTH dataset and 90% for own dataset. Results of the experiment and comparative analysis shows that proposed approach surpasses when compared with other contemporary techniques.
The Impact of Firm-Specific and Macroeconomic Factors on the Financial Performance of Insurance Industry: Evidence from Ethiopia.
Authors: Girma Abebe Gule
Published: December 2022

In the current business environment, the financial performance of companies and its determinant factors are considered as a key issues. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of firm-specific and macroeconomic factors on the financial performance of the insurance industry in Ethiopia, which covers a 10-year panel study from 2008 to 2017 based on data extracted from the financial statements of nine insurance companies and macroeconomic data from the World Bank data base. Data was collected from from secondary source only, descriptive research design used for this study, nine insurance company selected as a sample based on judmental sampling thechnique and employed the pooled OLS regression methoods to figure out the relationship between the explanatory variables and the financial performance of the insurance firm in ethiopia. The results obtained from the regression analysis shows that efficiency, size of insurance and liquidity have a statistically significant and positive effect on insurance financial performance, while firm leverage and the lending interest rate have a statistically negative significant effect on the financial performance of Ethiopian insurance companies. However, the impact of GDP and inflation is insignificant. Finally this study results recommends to insurance managers to give careful attention for those firm specific and macro-economic determinant variables to Improve the financial performance of the business.
SETD2 non genomic loss of function in advanced systemic mastocytosis is mediated by an Aurora kinase A/MDM2 axis and can be therapeutically targeted
Authors: Mancini Manuela , Monaldi Cecilia , Santis Sara , Papayannidis Cristina , Rondoni Michela , Sartor Chiara , Bruno Samantha , Pagano Livio , Criscuolo Marianna , Zanotti Roberta , Bonifacio Massimiliano , Tosi Patrizia , Arock Michel , Valent Peter , Cavo Michele , Soverini Simona
Published: December 2022

Background: The SETD2 tumor suppressor gene encodes a histone methyltransferase that safeguards transcription fidelity and genomic integrity via trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36Me3). SETD2 loss of function has been observed in solid and hematologic malignancies. We have recently reported that most patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis (AdvSM) and some with indolent or smoldering SM display H3K36Me3 deficiency as a result of a reversible loss of SETD2 due to reduced protein stability.
Methods: Experiments were conducted in SETD2-proficient (ROSAKIT D816V) and -deficient (HMC-1) cell lines and in primary cells from patients with various SM subtypes. A short interfering RNA approach was used to silence SETD2 (in ROSAKIT D816V cells), MDM2 and AURKA (in HMC-1 cells). Protein expression and post-translational modifications was assessed by Western Blotting and Immunoblotting. Proteins interactions were tested by using co-immunoprecipitation. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated by flow cytometry after annexin V and propidium iodide staining, respectively. Drug cytotoxicity in in vitro experiments was evaluated by clonogenic assays.
Results: Here, we show that the proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib and ixazomib suppress cell growth and induce apoptosis in neoplastic mast cells by promoting SETD2/H3K36Me3 re-expression. Moreover, we found that Aurora kinase A and MDM2 are implicated in SETD2 loss of function in AdvSM. In line with this observation, direct or indirect targeting of Aurora kinase A with alisertib or volasertib induced reduction of clonogenic potential and apoptosis in human mast cell lines and primary neoplastic cells from patients with AdvSM. Efficacy of Aurora A or proteasome inhibitors was comparable to that of avapritinib.
Conclusions: Our mechanistic insights into SETD2 non-genomic loss of function in AdvSM highlight the potential value of novel therapeutic targets and agents for the treatment of patients who fail or do not tolerate midostaurin or avapritinib.
Effect of acoustic pollution on urban bird diversity and abundance in centre of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain)
Authors: Batuecas Paula Almarza , Pescador Moisés
Published: December 2022

In an increasingly urbanized world, biodiversity, and more specifically avifauna localised in urbanized ecosystems face several threats. Among them, acoustic pollution has proven to be one of the most important, as it affects the effectiveness and efficiency of acoustic communication. Especially sensitive species are even disappearing due to noise masking. We have studied the effect that noise has on bird distribution in areas with differing levels of urbanization in the central region of the Iberian Peninsula. We analysed how richness, frequency and abundance of species varied along three acoustic pollution levels (high, middle and low). Richness decreased in areas with high acoustic pollution. We identified less sensitive to noise species, which showed no changes in frequency and abundance between environments (such as the house sparrow, the white wagtail and the European robin) or that even increased its abundance in environments with high levels of noise (such as the blackbird, the Eurasian tree sparrow and the coal tit). The more sensitive ones, such as the common linnet, the mistle thrush and the European greenfinch, decreased their distribution when noise increased. Identifying the sensitivity (how it is affected) of urban bird species to acoustic pollution is vital for effective conservation management measures and for the sustainable planning and management of cities.
GPU-based Parallelisation of a Versatile Video Coding Adaptive Loop Filter in Resource-Constrained Heterogeneous Embedded Platform
Authors: Saha Anup , Roma Nuno , Chavarrías Miguel , Dias Tiago , Pescador Fernando , aranda Victor
Published: December 2022

The computational load requirements of the algorithms integrating current video encoders and decoders makes it necessary to exploit the full capabilities of the hardware to achieve real-time performance, especially in embedded systems. Today, versatile video coding (VVC) is the state-of-the-art reference standard. VVC achieves a compression rate of up to 50\% compared to its predecessor, the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. However, this improvement comes with a significant increase in the complexity of the involved algorithms. Embedded computing systems, such as those integrated in portable multimedia devices, have also increased their computational power. This is due not only to improvements in general-purpose processors and but also to the integration in the same chip architecture of other types of processors that serve as accelerators and offload the CPU. In particular, GPU-type processors are dominating commercial solutions in this sector. In this context, this paper presents a methodology to migrate the adaptive loop filtering (ALF) processing block of a VVC decoder to a GPU. The obtained experimental results show an average speedup of 2 for ALF when compared to an already fully optimised version of the software decoder implementation. In addition, such results show that the proposed parallelisation has a negligible impact in the power consumption of the decoder.
Relationship between cortisol and diabetic microvascular complications: a retrospective study
Authors: Sun Shengnan , Wang Yangang
Published: December 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate whether serum cortisol associate with diabetic microvascular compliments in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and methods

The subjects were recruited from hospitalized patients with T2DM from 2019 to 2021. The odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in relation to cortisol quartiles were obtained by multiple logistic regression analysis.

Results

(1) Cortisol level was positively correlated with the severity of microalbuminuria. The OR (95% CI) of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in the last quartile were 3.396(2.030,5.682) and 8.407(3.726,18.971) compared with the first quartile (p < 0.001). (2) Cortisol level was positively correlated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR). The OR (95% CI) of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (NPDR) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy group (PDR) in the last quartile were 2.007(1.401,2.875) and 7.122(2.525,20.090) compared with the first quartile. (3) Elevated cortisol level was associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The OR (95% CI) of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in the last quartile was 1.956 (1.371,2.792) and that in the third quartile was 1.854 (1.319,2.608).

Conclusions

High serum cortisol levels were significantly associated with diabetic microvascular compliments in inpatients. Its causality remains to be further studied.
Clinical trial registration number: ChiCTR2100051749.
Bee species perform distinct foraging behaviors that are best described by different movement models
Authors: Brunet Johanne , Jiang Qi , Zhao Yang , Clayton Murray K
Published: December 2022

In insect-pollinated plants, the foraging behavior of pollinators affects their pattern of movement. If distinct bee species vary in their foraging behaviors, different models may best describe their movement. In this study, we quantified and compared the fine scale movement of three bee species foraging on patches ofMedicago sativa.Bee movement was described using distances and directions traveled between consecutive racemes. Bumble bees and honey bees traveled shorter distances after visiting many flowers on a raceme, while the distance traveled by leafcutting bees was independent of flower number visited by a focal bee. Transition matrices and vectors were calculated for bumble bees and honey bees to reflect their directionality of movement within foraging bouts; leafcutting bees were as likely to move in any direction. Bee species varied in their foraging behaviors, and for each bee species, we tested four movement models that differed in how distances and directions were selected, and identified the model that best explained the movement data. The fine-scale, within-patch movement of bees could not always be explained by a random movement model, and a general model of movement could not be applied to all bee species.
Prediction and Detection of Virtual Reality induced Cybersickness: A Spiking Neural Network Approach Using Spatiotemporal EEG Brain Data and Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Yang Alexander Hui Xiang , Kasabov Nikola Kirilov , Cakmak Yusuf Ozgur
Published: December 2022

Virtual Reality (VR) is an evolving wearable technology across many domain applications, including health delivery. Yet, human physiological adoption of VR technology is limited by cybersickness (CS) - a debilitating sensation accompanied by a cluster of symptoms, including nausea, oculomotor issues and dizziness. A leading problem is the lack of automated objective tools to predict or detect CS in individuals, which can then be used for resistance training, timely warning systems or clinical intervention. This paper explores the spatiotemporal brain dynamics and heart rate variability involved in cybersickness, and uses this information to both predict and detect CS episodes. The present study applies deep learning of EEG in a spiking neural network (SNN) architecture with a fusion of sympathetic heart rate variability parameters to predict CS prior to using VR (77.5%) and detect it (75.0%), which is more accurate than using just EEG (75%, 70.3%) or ECG alone (74.2%, 72.6%). The study found that Cz (premotor and supplementary motor cortex) and O2 (primary visual cortex) are key hubs in functionally connected networks associated with both CS events and susceptibility to CS. Consequently, Cz and O2 are presented here as promising targets for therapeutic interventions to alleviate and/or prevent the cybersickness.
Biopsy-proven first dose of Oxaliplatin-induced acute tubular necrosis leading to end-stage renal failure: A Case Report
Authors: soma Yu
Published: December 2022

Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based anticancer therapy that causes less frequent kidney injury than conventional drugs, such as cisplatin. Previous reports of oxaliplatin-induced renal injury occurred after the patients had received multiples doses of the drug. In this study, a 75-year-old man with unknown primary cancer and underlying chronic kidney disease developed acute renal failure after receiving the first dose of oxaliplatin. Suspected of having drug-induced renal failure through an immunological mechanism, the patient was treated with steroids; however, the treatment was ineffective. Renal biopsy ruled out interstitial nephritis and revealed acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Renal failure was irreversible, and the patient subsequently required maintenance hemodialysis. This is the first case wherein renal biopsy results showed ATN despite a single oxaliplatin administration, and the renal dysfunction was irreversible, leading to maintenance dialysis.
Effect of the energy intake on the iron status of resistance exercises performed in rats
Authors: Fujii Takako , Kitaguti Mizuki , Okamura Koji
Published: December 2022

In many cases, athletes compensate for nutrient deficiencies due to a reduced dietary intake by taking supplements or other means. However, in what ways nutrients are utilized by the body when it is deficient in energy and yet receives adequate amounts of the required nutrients is unclear. We therefore examined the effect of the balance between available energy and iron intake on the iron nutritional status of athletes. The experiment was conducted in two parts. Four-week-old male rats were divided into two groups based on energy and iron sufficiency: Experiment 1 was energy-sufficient and iron-sufficient (ES-FeS), and energy-sufficient and iron-deficient (ES-FeD). Experiment 2 was energy-deficient and iron-deficient (ED-FeS), and energy-deficient and iron-deficient (ED-FeD) groups. All rats were made to perform climbing exercises three days a week at 5 PM. The results showed that a significantly higher hematocrit, hemoglobin, plasma iron concentration, and TfS were found in the iron-sufficient group than in the iron-deficient group, TIBC was significantly lower in the iron-sufficient group than in the iron-deficient group, and TfS was significantly higher in the iron-sufficient group than in the iron-deficient group, irrespective of energy intake. It was suggested that restricting both iron and energy intake may significantly decrease the amount of iron in the liver and accelerate the metabolic turnover of red blood cells, while restricting iron intake but providing adequate energy intake suggested that resistance exercise-induced tissue iron repartitioning was not altered by iron sufficiency or deficiency.
Diabetic ketoacidosis during pregnancy due to insulin omission: A Case Report
Authors: Bereda Gudisa
Published: December 2022

Diabetic ketoacidosis is an acute and severe complication commonly occurring in individuals with type-1 diabetes mellitus due to an absolute insulin deficiency. A 28-year-old black woman, gravida 2, para 2, a secondary school teacher, was admitted at 31 weeks of gestation to the obstetric ward on August 12, 2022, with a two-day history of nausea and vomiting. She had a history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus dating back four years. She missed her insulin dose one day due to traveling to the village to greet her family. She presented with a two-day history of nausea and vomiting and a one-day history of shortness of breath, abdominal tenderness, hypotension, an elevated heart rate, an increased respiratory rate, frequent urination, and fatigue. Ketone testing done using her urine sample showed ketonuria of 3+. Her chest X-ray revealed coarse crackles on auscultation. Her breath revealed acetone-smelling breathing. Upon admission, she was given a 24-hour insulin infusion and 60 milliequivalents per liter of potassium chloride intravenously. On the same day, 0.9 percent of normal saline, or 500 ml, was initiated intravenously and repeated until the systolic blood pressure was greater than 90 mmHg. The main objectives of diabetic ketoacidosis are to restore volume status, normalize hyperglycemia, replace lost electrolytes, and lower ketoacidosis.
The anatomical and morphological variations of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and its clinical relevance
Authors: Chatzioglou Gkionoul Nteli , Kale Ayşin , Özbilen Kemal Turgay , Önal Vildan , Coşkun Osman , Gayretli Özcan
Published: December 2022

The muscle that primarly retracts the upper eyelid is called the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. For eyelid surgery, a thorough understanding of its anatomical and morphological variations as well as the variations of surrounding tissues is necessary. This study conducted on 100 adult orbits in Department of Anatomy, Istanbul University, used an exploratory, descriptive research design. Ethics committee approval was obtained from the Istanbul Medical Faculty Clinical Research Ethics Committee (date:31.03.2021; number:155281). The anatomical and morphological variations of levator palpebrae superioris muscle and its relationship with the superior ophthalmic vein were evaluated. Variations of levator palpebrae superioris muscle were discovered in 11 of 100 orbits. Single (9%), double (1%) and triple (1%) accessory muscle slips were observed. The variations associated with the superior ophthalmic vein were 5%. The origin of accessory muscle slips showed variation as the accessory muscle slips originated either from the proximal or distal half of levator palpebrae superioris muscle. Also the insertions of accessory muscle slips were variable, as they inserted to levator aponeurosis, trochlea, lacrimal gland, lateral orbital wall or the fascia of superior ophthalmic vein. Consequently, levator palpebrae superioris muscle variations are essential for the superior ophthalmic vein as they can directly compress it. Ophthalmologists in particular, practitioners, should be aware of the anatomical and morphological variations of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle.
Status, social norms, or safety? understanding intended and reported bottled water use in Urban Mashhad, Iran
Authors: Mir Mohamad Tabar Seyed Ahmad , Brewis Alexandra , Sohrabi Maryam
Published: December 2022

Personal plastic-bottled water use is highly commodified, raising an array of cost and environmental concerns, and continues to grow globally. Studies in lower-income nations suggest safety as a primary motivation for such water purchases, but studies in high-income nations with greater relative affordability suggest it is more tied to socially situated consumer decisions like status and aesthetics. Here, we consider what motivates bottled water use in an urban city (Mashhad) in a middle-income predominantly Muslim country (Iran), where there is a likely intersection of safety (due to contamination), social norms, and status concerns. Surveys were collected with a random population-representative sample of resident adults from discrete households (n = 970). Structured equation modeling testing the relative effects on reported bottled water intentions and use shows that all these factors are shaping people's decisions. Both higher- and lower-income residents’ responses suggest that status and social norms considerably influence intentions to use. Overall, even despite real safety issues with tap water, social norms and status concerns seem to weigh more heavily on residents’ decisions to drink bottled water.
A new multi-scalar framework for quantifying the impacts of climate change and human activities on streamflow variation
Authors: Ma Mingwei , Wang Zhaohang , Cui Huijuan , Wang Wenchuan , Jiang Liuyuwei
Published: December 2022

Most previous studies on attributing climate change and human activities to streamflow variation focused only on an annual scale, while few attempts were devoted to shorter time scales, such as seasonal or monthly scales. In this study, a multi-scalar framework for attribution analysis was constructed by integrating hydrological modeling into the Budyko-based decomposition method. Then, the multi-scalar framework was employed in the source region of the Yellow River (SRYR) as a case study. Moreover, the quantification results are compared with the simulation of a monthly water balance model (i.e., abcd model). The main results and findings indicate: (1) The mutation point of the annual streamflow is 1991 in the SRYR, and the monthly ABCD hydrological model achieves good performance in streamflow simulation for the prechange period and postchange period; (2) The contribution of climate change to streamflow variation is 65.99%, 37.50%, and 70.86% for annual, dry season, and wet season, respectively, indicating that climate change is the dominant factor controlling streamflow variation for the annual and wet season, while human activities play a major role in streamflow variation for dry season; (3) The contributions of climate change and human activities show obvious dynamic and seasonal characteristics, which are strongly affected by the transition between dry and wet seasons. Generally, the findings of this study provide valuable references for local reasonable water resource planning and management to make timely and appropriate use of the water supply.
Problems and Challenges Involved in Using Integrated Urban Development Planning Tools. Example of a Development Strategy and Revitalisation Programmes
Authors: Boryczka Ewa M.
Published: December 2022

Polish cities are changing constantly and, in the age of intense socio-economic, environmental and political transformation, they have to cope with many problems and challenges. In order to successfully solve the problems and challenges facing cities, local government units should apply integrated strategic management tools. Development processes (including revitalisation) can be directed using a range of tools. Local authorities responsible for the monitoring of development in territorial self-government units, such as cities, have at their disposal a wide range of development policy instruments and can actively shape development processes. Urban development strategies and revitalisation programmes are among the key tools of integrated management and planning used in Polish cities. They are integrated development programmes covering all aspects of city operations (social, economic, spatial-environmental, and technical). However, putting them in place faces a number of problems and challenges when they are drafted and implemented. Problems and challenges can be divided into three key groups of barriers: systemic barriers, social capital barriers, and information and communication barriers. The purpose of this article is to identify and characterize two key instruments of integrated urban development planning and management (namely, the city development strategy and revitalization program). This paper also attempts to identify the key issues and challenges involved in using tools such as the integrated development strategy and revitalisation programme in urban development management by local authorities.
A. J. GREIMAS: EDUCAÇÃO, CONVICÇÕES, CARREIRA
Authors: Broden Thomas F.
Published: December 2022

Este artigo descreve a formação do semioticista A. J. Greimas (1917-1992) e explora como ela contribuiu para moldar as ideias subsequentes de sua vida. Uma narrativa inicial caracteriza o contexto linguístico e cultural em que ele cresceu, relata sua escolaridade na Lituânia e detalha seus estudos universitários na França dos anos 1930. Este relato destaca os indivíduos, os métodos, os autores e os livros de sua juventude que se mostraram particularmente significativos para ele. Uma segunda seção, mais longa, sintetiza então as experiências relatadas. Quatro tradições culturais e intelectuais desempenharam um papel importante no desenvolvimento de Greimas: lituânia, eslava, germânica e francesa. Ele teve um interesse particular em poesia, na Idade Média, na filosofia, na história, no modernismo e na filologia. O artigo indaga sobre a maneira como essas heranças, artes e temas formaram a visão que se seguiu de suas ideias e de sua carreira.
ANIQUILAÇÃO SIMBÓLICA: A AUSÊNCIA DO IMPENSADO
Authors: Cattelan João Carlos
Published: December 2022

Objetivo, com este artigo, alcançar duas metas simultâneas: uma se refere ao trabalho de demonstração do que designo com o sintagma aniquilação simbólica; postulo que o conceito recobre “conteúdos” que, embora pudessem fazer parte do discurso, são rechaçados para fora das margens de uma formação discursiva. A outra é relativa à análise de anúncios publicitários de produtos para o cuidado de bebês, de cuja cenografia o pai é eliminado, tornando-se silêncio, ausência e impensado. Por meio da confluência das duas problemáticas, busco construir algumas reflexões sobre consequências que podem derivar da separação sectária e tendenciosa que a ideologia define, destinando à mulher o lugar unilateral de cuidado do bebê e ao homem lugar algum: esquecimento.
A RESPEITO DOS CONCEITOS DE DEBREAGEM E DE EMBREAGEM: AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE SEMIÓTICA E LINGUÍSTICA
Authors: Fiorin Jose Luiz
Published: December 2022

Este trabalho parte da ideia de que a semiótica pode fornecer aos linguistas conceitos que permitam explicar a discursivização das categorias da língua, não para estabelecer um catálogo de seus múltiplos usos, mas para compreender a “lógica” de seu funcionamento no discurso. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho mostra como os conceitos de debreagem e de embreagem podem dar uma explicação global para a discursivização das categorias de pessoa, de espaço e de tempo.
Visión retrospectiva de Sudamérica a través de indicadores en I+D+i. Un análisis multivariable
Authors: Sinchiguano Lisbeth Gallardo , Núñez Monserrath Morejón , Mantilla Falcón Luis Marcelo
Published: December 2022

La presente investigación revisa indicadores de los últimos 20 años para generar una cartografía de la Investigación, desarrollo e innovación en los países de Sudamérica. En especial se evalúa el porcentaje del PIB en inversión en I+D+i como un referente para determinar las semejanzas y diferencias entre naciones del cono sur de Latinoamérica. Se trata de una investigación descriptiva, cuantitativa de corte longitudinal. Se analizan a los 10 países más importantes de la región. Entre los principales indicadores se encuentran: número de patentes, universidades, producción científica, citaciones académicas, el Producto Interno Bruto, entre otras. El análisis comparativo se realizó mediante ratios de proporcionalidad entre naciones y finalmente mediante correlación de Pearson se verificaron los ajustes entre variables. Para visibilizar las asimetrías se realizó un análisis multivariado mediante el empleo de conglomerados para su respectivo agrupamiento en función de sus semejanzas y diferencias. Se concluye que Brasil es el país que lidera todos los procesos en I+D+i frente a las otras realidades latinoamericanas, marcando grandes diferencias y muy pocas semejanzas.
Marka ve Fikri Mülkiyet İlişkisi, Dijitalleşen Sanat Ve Tasarımda Türkiye’deki Eser Haklarına Dair Bir İnceleme
Authors: Eken Begüm
Published: December 2022

İçinde bulunduğumuz dijital çağ aynı zamanda markalaşmanın da altın çağı olarak kabul edilebilir. Endüstri devriminden bu yana hızla gelişen ve değişen iş kolları beraberinde ayrışma ve fark edilme ihtiyacını da getirmiştir ve teknolojik gelişmelerin de bu değişime keskin bir ivme ile katkıda bulunması ile birlikte bugün istisnasız her alandan her işletme kendi ürün ve hizmetlerinin diğerleri arasında fark edilmesi, ayrışması ve öne çıkması hedefiyle marka ve markalaşmaya ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ancak markalaşmanın tarihinin ve marka ihtiyacının bir aidiyet işareti olarak kullanılması tarihte endüstri devriminden çok daha öncelerine dayanmaktadır. Bir aidiyet göstergesi olarak markalama; hem bir sanat eseri, tasarım, ürün, hizmet gibi farklı ihtiyaçların pazarda diğerlerinden ayrıştırılması için elzemdir ve bu ihtiyaçlara belli bir koruma sağlar, hem de markanın kendisi bir tasarım ürünü olarak da çeşitli eser haklarına sahiptir. Bu çalışmada aidiyet işareti olarak markanın tarihsel gelişiminin sanatçı ve tasarımcıların eserlerinin korunmasında fikri mülkiyet kavramının doğmasındaki önemi ve dijital sanat ve tasarımda fikri mülkiyet korumaları incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında markanın geçmiş ve günümüz kullanımlarının benzerlikleri incelenmiş, sanatçı ve tasarımcılar için eser haklarının kapsamını temel düzeyde özetleyen nitelikte bir çalışma sürdürülmesi için nitel bir araştırma olarak tarihsel yöntem ve tarama yönteminden faydalanılmıştır.
Ruthenium-catalyzed Aromatic meta-C-H Nitration of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles
Authors: Wang Kai , Xu Wenjing , Zhang Pengfei , Cao Xian-Ting
Published: December 2022

Aim and Objective:

To develop a ruthenium-catalyzed method to prepare meta-nitration containing 1,2,4-thiadiazoles with potential biological activity. Moreover, the current protocol should exhibit a relatively broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility.

Materials and Methods:

Materials and Methods: The best condition for the synthesis of nitration containing 1,2,4-thiadiazoles derivatives was carried out employing a mixture of 0.20 mmol of 1 (1a: 47.6 mg, 1b: 53.2 mg, 1c: 70.1 mg, 1d: 59.7 mg, 1e: 81.2 mg, 1f: 54.8 mg, 1g: 61.4 mg, 1h: 74.8 mg, 1i: 53.2 mg, 1j: 59.0 mg, 1k: 54.9 mg, 1l: 50.0 mg), Cu(NO3)2•3H2O (120.8 mg, 0.5 mmol), Ru3CO12 (9.6 mg, 7.5 mol %), TBAOAc (18.0 mg, 30 mol %), AgTFA (66.2 mg, 1.5 equiv), oxone (123.0 mg, 1.0 equiv), DCE (1.0 mL) placing in a Schlenk tube and stirred at 90 oC under air atmosphere for 36.0 h.

Results:

A series of 1,2,4-thiadiazoles containing compounds with potential biological activity were prepared in yield ranging from moderate to good under mild conditions, exhibiting a relatively broad substrate scope and functional group compatibility.

Conclusion:

We have developed a ruthenium-catalyzed 1,2,4-thiadiazoles-assisted regioselective meta-C-H nitration of arenes. This study provides a simple and efficient approach for synthesizing 1,2,4-thiadiazoles derivatives, yielding the nitration products in moderate to good yields. A mechanistic study indicated that a radical pathway might be involved in this transformation.
Metabolic Reprogramming of Microglia in Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy:
Insights from Neuroinflammation
Authors: Gao Shenjia , Jiang Yi , Chen Zhaoyuan , Zhao Xiaoqiang , Gu Jiahui , Wu Han , Liao Yun , Sun Hao , Wang Jun , Chen Wankun
Published: December 2022

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction caused by sepsis that
manifests as a range of brain dysfunctions from delirium to coma. It is a relatively common complication
of sepsis associated with poor patient prognosis and mortality. The pathogenesis of SAE involves
neuroinflammatory responses, neurotransmitter dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, abnormal
blood flow regulation, etc. Neuroinflammation caused by hyperactivation of microglia is considered
to be a key factor in disease development, which can cause a series of chain reactions, including
BBB disruption and oxidative stress. Metabolic reprogramming has been found to play a central
role in microglial activation and executive functions. In this review, we describe the pivotal role of energy
metabolism in microglial activation and functional execution and demonstrate that the regulation
of microglial metabolic reprogramming might be crucial in the development of clinical therapeutics
for neuroinflammatory diseases like SAE.
Porous Aromatic Framework-based Materials: Superior Adsorbents for
Uranium Extraction from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Chen Jinlu , Xu Dongyang , Guo Shuai Shuai , Tao Zui , ChengLiangJin Long , Liu Yuyun , Chen Xiaoli , Peng Guowen
Published: December 2022

Uranium, the primary fuel source for nuclear power reactors, is one of the most crucial
components in new energy production. Currently, uranium is mainly mined from land ore, which will
be exhausted within 200 years. As the world's largest uranium reservoir, the ocean is an ideal source
for people to obtain these industrial resources. However, the low concentration of uranium (typically
about 3.3 ug/L) in seawater poses a great challenge for the project uranium extraction from seawater.
The porous aromatic framework (PAF) is a new type of porous nano-solid material with chemical stability,
robust framework, and inherent porosity, making itself being the promising material for uranium
capturing from aqueous solutions. The progress and advancements of PAFs and PAF-based materials
as adsorbents for uranium extraction from aqueous solutions are detailed in this review. Then,
several common utilized ways to enhance PAF-based materials’ adsorption performance are discussed.
Finally, the authors make a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges of
this kind of nanomaterials to provide some relevant information on designing PAFs and PAF-based
materials for Uranium Extraction from seawater.
Analisa Performansi WLAN Menggunakan Opnet
Authors: Ambarwati Rusmi
Published: December 2022

Pemanfaatan jaringan WLAN untuk proses belajar mengajar di kelas sudah banyak dilakukan. Jaringan ini banyak dipakai karena mudah dan sederhana dalam implementasi, biaya relatif lebih murah dibandingkan dengan jaringan kabel, mendukung mobilitas user, serta adanya standard yang telah didefinisikan dengan baik. Meskipun demikian, performansi WLAN tidak dapat diprediksi dengan tepat, karena sangat tergantung dengan kondisi lingkungan pada saat digunakan. Kondisi lingkungan dapat berupa lokasi dan banyaknya client yang terhubung dalam satu layanan access point (AP), kondisi ruangan, serta keberadaaan perangkat elektronik lain yang menggunakan frekuensi ISM.Dalam penelitian ini, performansi WLAN dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter data rate, jenis stasiun yang digunakan (standar 802.11b dan 802.11g), serta batasan fragmentasi frame. Evaluasi performansi WLAN dilakukan melalui simulasi menggunakan opnet MODELER academic edition. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa dalam jaringan WLAN802.11, besarnya data rate sangat berpengaruh terhadap kinerja jaringan. Begitu juga dengan stasiun standar 802.11b, meskipun tetap bisa dilayani tetapi keberadaannya menyebabkan penurunan kinerja yang sangat signifikan. Dari 12 stasiun mobile yang ada dalam WLAN, dengan hanya 2 stasiun bertipe 802.11b telah menyebabkan penurunan kinerja sebesar 63% dalam pencapaian throughput. Mekanisme fragmentasi dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan kinerja WLAN. Dari hasil simulasi, pemakaian mekanisme fragmentasi berhasil meningkatkan kinerja sebesar 38% sampai 50%.
Using the unified model for calculating energy absorbed fractions from incorporated emitters of monoenergetic electrons and photons in bio-objects composed from various materials
Authors:   Research and Production Association “Typhoon”, Sazykina T.G.
Published: December 2022

A technique was developed to extending the methodology of analytical estimations of absorbed fractions to the case of spherical bio-objects composed from various materials. The internal source of exposure was emitter of monoenergetic photons or electrons uniformly distributed throughout the object’s volume. Analytical results were tested, using published sets of Monte Carlo data on spheres composed from bone tissues, lung tissues, soft muscle tissues and water. Existence of ‘universal curves’ for rescaled absorbed fractions, which combine Monte Carlo data on various materials was confirmed for monoenergetic electrons and photons. Analytical results are in adequate agreement with Monte Carlo data on each biomaterial. Advantage of the unified method is the express calculating of radiation absorbed fractions without employing complicated Monte Carlo codes, and numerous interpolating procedures. The extension of the methodology to various materials provides new opportunities for internal dosimetry of living organisms, including assessment of doses to different organs and tissues.
Assessment of plutonium isotopes content in soil at the vicinity of the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk
Authors:   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Edomskaya M.A. , Lukashenko S.N. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Shupik A.A. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Korovin S.V. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Tomson A.V. ,   Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology
Published: December 2022

One of the sources of radionuclides released into the environment are radioactive waste storage. The plutonium isotopes concentration in the soils of the territory adjacent to the former radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk was estimated. The cause of pollution was the depressurization of one of the storage tanks and the release of radionuclides due to its overflow with surface and ground waters in the period from 1998 to 1999. Samples were analyzed by alpha spectrometry with preliminary radiochemical isolation with complete decomposition of soil samples. The Pu-239+240 content range in the surface soil layer was 3.7-9.6 Bq/kg, with an average value of 6.7 Bq/kg, which is an order of magnitude higher than the level of its global fallout. In some samples, significant amounts of Pu-238 are observed, the relative content of which is 10-50% of Pu-239+240, that exceeds the its relative content due to the global fallout which is 2-5%. The depth distribution of plutonium isotopes has been studied. It has been established those significant concentrations of plutonium are observed to the depth of 95 cm for this territory. There is no definite dependence of the distribution of plutonium isotopes along the vertical soil profile. The random distribution of plutonium to the soil depth indicates that the source of Pu-239+240 are groundwater. Elevated concentrations of plutonium isotopes in the soil surface of the territory under consideration, its significant concentrations at soil depth indicates that the contamination is a consequence of the leakage of plutonium isotopes from the radioactive waste storage facility in Obninsk. The same concentrations can be expected in the lowland of the adjacent territory.
Analysis of I-V characteristics of Si diodes irradiated with short-range ions
Authors: Eremin V. , Fadeeva N. , Mitina D. , Verbitskaya E.
Published: December 2022

Radiation degradation of Si ion detectors becomes critical for the experiments at new facilities giving the beam intensity increase up to 10^5 times. The study is focused on the impact of heavily damaged Bragg peak region (BPR) at the ion range end on the bulk current of Si sensors irradiated with 53.4 MeV ^40Ar ions in the fluence range (1 ‒ 4)x10^9 ion/cm^2. It is shown that taking into account only the generation current component is insufficient to explain the experimental I-V curves. Simulating I-V characteristics and the electric field profiles demonstrated arising of a built-in junction in the BPR, which controls hole diffusion at voltages below full depletion voltage. Contribution of this component to the total diode current enabled the agreement between experimental and simulated I-V curves.
Локализованные экситоны в ZnMnO
Authors: Соколов В.И. , Груздев Н.Б. , Меньшенин В.В. , Вохминцев А.С. , Савченко С.С. , Вайнштейн И.А. , Емельченко Г.А.
Published: December 2022

Lines a, b, c, d and impurity absorption edge of ZnMnO for σ-and π-polarizations of light in temperature interval of 7 – 300 К were registered in this paper. Intensive lines aπ and aσ are clearly observed in interval of 7-100 K, while other lines are observed only at low temperatures. For determination of type of optical transitions, to which excitonic lines a, b, c, d are corresponding the calculation of oscillator strength of most intensive lines was made. Lines aπ and aσ have Lorentz form, parameters of this form were calculated with OriginPro 9.1 program. The energy of impurity absorption edge was determined. Lines a, b, c и d were analyzed in model of Mn2+ - 4O2- cluster. Optical transitions take place from antibonding (p+d5)*-states in forbidden gap to state, which is splitted from the bottom of conduction band of ZnMnO. Electron-hole pairs which are localized inside the cluster are called as local excitons.
Artificial Intelligence in Emergency Medicine: Viewpoint of Current Applications and Foreseeable Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Chenais Gabrielle , Lagarde Emmanuel , Gil-Jardiné Cédric
Published: December 2022

Emergency medicine and its services have reached a breaking point during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic has highlighted the failures of a system that needs to be reconsidered, and novel approaches need to be considered. Artificial intelligence (AI) has matured to the point where it is poised to fundamentally transform health care, and applications within the emergency field are particularly promising. In this viewpoint, we first attempt to depict the landscape of AI-based applications currently in use in the daily emergency field. We review the existing AI systems; their algorithms; and their derivation, validation, and impact studies. We also propose future directions and perspectives. Second, we examine the ethics and risk specificities of the use of AI in the emergency field.
TO ASSESS THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER PARAMETERS USING PENTACAM IN PRIMARY ANGLE CLOSURE SUSPECTS FOLLOWING PERIPHERAL LASER IRIDOTOMY
Authors: NETAM MONIKA , SINGH RAJINDER , KAUR SURINDER , THUKRAL JATIN , KAUR HARBIR , MEENA SURMILA , KAUR PAWANDEEP
Published: December 2022

Objective: The aim of the present study was to study the changes in anterior chamber parameters before and after laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in primary angle closure suspects (PACS) using pentacam.
Methods: This was a prospective, non-randomized, and interventional study which was conducted on 40 patients of PACS attending the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Government Medical College, Patiala. Evaluation of the anterior segment of the eye was done by Pentacam (Oculus) using rotating Scheimpflug imaging technology, before and after LPI.
Results: Following LPI, anterior chamber volume (ACV) increased from 90.13±9.82 mm3 to 105.8±11.5 mm3; anterior chamber angle (ACA) increased from 27.01±3.23 degree to 28.13±2.29 degree. Peripheral anterior chamber depth (PACD) at 4 mm increased significantly in superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrant in all cases.
Conclusion: LPI serves both prophylactic and therapeutic benefit in PACS by increasing the ACV, ACA, and PACD, and thus preventing glaucoma. Pentacam is a useful tool to assess the efficacy of LPI and can guide further course of treatment.
TUNGARESHWAR: REPOSITORY OF WILD EDIBLE AND MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors: D MAHADKAR SHIVPRASAD , B RAUT RUDRAKSHI
Published: December 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) Ethnomedicinal survey and documentation of wild edible plants from Tungareshwar through discussion with rural people as well as continuously field visits. (2) Documentation of medicinal value of wild edible plants was done by discussion with local medicine man and Vaidus.
Methods: The ethnobotanical survey was carried out in areas of Tungareshwar Devrai from June 2021 to June 2022. The data collected through discussions and interviews with experienced persons and traditional healers. The data on wild edible plants were collected using preparation of questionnaire in local language and group discussions. Voucher specimens were collected during walk with informants. The collected plants were identified using standard floras.
Results: Altogether 30 plants species belonging to 25 families were recorded. A total of 30 species of Edible Plants are documented. Out of them, 12 species are consumed as leafy vegetables, 13 are fruits/seed, two are edible tubers, two are roots, and seven species of flowers are used as a vegetable. All 30 plants documented along with their medicinal uses and food values.
Conclusion: The present work documented 30 wild edible and medicinal plants. Out of these, most of the plants have medicinal values. Further, investigation on their phytochemical and nutraceutical studies may provide better nutritional and medicinal sources for future.