bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerosol optical depth retrievals in central Amazonia from a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer calibrated on-site
Authors: Rosário Nilton E. , Sauini Thamara , Pauliquevis Theotonio , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Yamasoe Marcia A. , Barja Boris
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Extraterrestrial spectral response calibration of a multi-filter rotating
shadow band radiometer (MFRSR) under pristine Amazonian Forest atmosphere
conditions was performed using the Langley plot method. The MFRSR is
installed in central Amazonia as part of a long-term monitoring site, which
was used in the context of the GoAmazon2014/5 experiment. It has been
operating continuously since 2011 without regular extraterrestrial
calibration, preventing its application to accurate monitoring of aerosol
particles. Once calibrated, the MFRSR measurements were applied to retrieve
aerosol particle columnar optical properties, specifically aerosol optical depth (AODλ) and
Ångström exponent (AE), which were evaluated against retrievals from
a collocated Cimel Sun photometer belonging to the AErosol RObotic NETwork
(AERONET). Results obtained revealed that pristine Amazonian conditions are
able to provide MFRSR extraterrestrial spectral response with relative
uncertainty lower than 1.0 % in visible channels. The worst estimate (air
mass =1) for absolute uncertainty in AODλ retrieval varied
from ≈0.02 to ≈0.03, depending on the assumption regarding
uncertainty for MFRSR direct normal irradiance measured at the surface. The
obtained root mean square error (RMSE ≈0.025) from the evaluation of
MFRSR retrievals against AERONET AODλ was, in general, lower than
estimated MFRSR AODλ uncertainty, and close to the uncertainty of
AERONET field Sun photometers (≈0.02).
Evaluation of differential absorption radars in the 183 GHz band
for profiling water vapour in ice clouds
Authors: Battaglia Alessandro , Kollias Pavlos
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Relative humidity (RH) measurements in ice clouds are essential for determining the ice crystals growth processes and rates. A differential absorption radar (DAR) system with several frequency channels within the 183.3 GHz water vapour absorption band is proposed for measuring RH within ice clouds. Here, the performance of a DAR system is evaluated by applying a DAR simulator to A-Train observations in combination with collocated European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis. Observations from the CloudSat W-band radar and from the CALIPSO lidar are converted first into ice microphysical properties and then coupled with ECMWF temperature and relative humidity profiles in order to compute scattering properties at any frequency within the 183.3 GHz band. Self-similar Rayleigh Gans approximation is used to model the ice crystal scattering properties. The radar reflectivities are computed both for a space-borne and a ground-based DAR system by using appropriate radar receiver characteristics. Sets of multi-frequency synthetic observation of attenuated reflectivities are then used to retrieve profile of water vapour density by fitting the line shape at different levels. 10 days of A-Train observations are used to test the measurement technique performance for different combination of tones when sampling ice clouds globally. Results show that that water vapour densities can be derived with accuracies that can enable ice process studies (i.e. better than 3 %) both from a ground-based system (at the minute temporal scale and with circa 100 m vertical resolution) and from a space/airborne system (at 500 m vertical resolution and with circa 5 km integration lengths) with four tones in the right wing of the absorption line. A ground-based DAR system to be deployed at high latitude/high altitudes is highly recommended to test the findings of this work in the field.
Water exchange between the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea through the Kerch Strait
Authors: Zavialov Ivan , Osadchiev Alexander
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The Sea of Azov is a small, shallow and freshened sea that receives a large freshwater discharge and, therefore, can be regarded as a large river estuary. Under certain external forcing conditions low-saline waters from the Sea of Azov inflow to the northeastern part of the Black Sea through the narrow Kerch Strait and form a surface-advected buoyant plume. Water flow in the Kerch Strait also regularly occurs in the opposite direction, which results in spreading of a bottom-advected plume of saline and dense waters from the Black Sea in the Sea of Azov. In this study we focus on physical mechanisms that govern water exchange through the Kerch Strait, analyse dependence of its direction and intensity on external forcing conditions. Based on ocean color satellite imagery and wind reanalysis data, we show that water transport from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea is induced by moderate and strong northeastern winds, while water transport in the opposite direction occurs during wind relaxation periods. Thus, direction and intensity of water exchange through the Kerch Strait has wind-govern synoptic and seasonal variability, and do not show dependence on river discharge rate to the Sea of Azov on intra-annual time scale. Finally, we determined numerical dependencies between discharge rate from the Sea of Azov to the Black Sea and spatial characteristics of the related surface-advected plume in the Black Sea, on the one hand, and wind forcing conditions, on the other hand.
Uncertainty in predicting the Eurasian snow: Intercomparison of land surface models coupled to a regional climate model
Authors: Kim Da-Eun , Park Seon Ki
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Variability of large and synoptic scale circulations in Asia is strongly affected by the winter and spring Eurasian snow. Therefore, an accurate prediction of the Eurasian snow is of the utmost importance in predicting the climate and weather phenomena in Asia. Most global/regional models are coupled with several land surface models (LSMs) in which the land surface process parameters are calculated under their own physical principles and parameterization schemes. In this study, using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we make intercomparision of LSMs in terms of simulating the Eurasian snow. Simulations are carried out from 1 June 2009 to 31 August 2010, including a spin-up time of 6 months, by employing four different LSMs – the Unified Noah LSM, the Noah LSM with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP), the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) LSM, and the Community Land Model version 4 (CLM4). The NCEP Final (FNL) Operational Global Analysis data are used as initial and boundary conditions. The LSM results are evaluated using the Canadian Meteorological Centre Daily Snow Depth Analysis Data, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra Snow Cover Monthly L3 Global 0.05Deg Climte Modeling Grid (CMG) Version 6, and the MODIS Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF)/Albedo Product. Although all the LSMs represent reasonable results, the Noah-MP represents the most accurate predictions in all three variables (snow depth, fractional snow cover, and albedo), in terms of not only quantitative aspects but also spatial correlation patterns. Our results indicate that prediction of the Eurasian snow cover is sensitive to the choice of LSMs coupled to the global/regional climate models, and hence the future climate projections.
Book Review: Natural Causes: An Epidemic of Wellness, the Certainty of Dying, and Killing Ourselves to Live Longer
Authors: Howell Britteny M.
Published: February 2019

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Political memes and the politics of memes: A methodological proposal for content analysis of online political memes
Authors: Chagas Viktor , Freire Fernanda , Rios Daniel , Magalhães Dandara
Published: February 2019

This paper discusses preliminary results of a comprehensive research on the uses and appropriations of political-electoral memes. Our main goal at this stage is to develop, following former propositions from other scholars, a taxonomical matrix able to assist researchers interested in dealing with online political memes with greater objectivity. Therefore, we performed a content analysis of memes that circulated on Twitter during Brazilian 2014 presidential elections.
Islamic Zanzibar: Between the Indian Ocean and the African Mainland
Authors: Nieber Hanna
Published: February 2019

Through a discourse on religious difference, Zanzibar's belonging to both the Indian Ocean and the Tanzanian mainland is enacted and challenged. While Zanzibar is often described as a space of encounter forming a cosmopolitan society, I argue in this contribution for attention to moments of differentiation that these encounters evoke.
PROBLEMAS SOCIOECONÓMICOS DE LA POBLACIÓN JOVEN EN HONDURAS
Authors: Ortiz Pérez Juan Jose
Published: February 2019

En esta investigación se analizó los factores socioeconómicos que más afectan al desarrollo y comportamiento de la población joven en Honduras, de las edades comprendidas dentro 12 a 30 años. Además, se tiene referencia de otros estudios realizados en el tema de grupos étnicos, educación, analfabetismo, discriminación social, necesidades básicas insatisfechas, oportunidades de empleo y otros más.También se logrará obtener una mejor compresión a través de las teorías y las estadísticas realizadas por las encuestas de hogares de cómo estos factores o variables socioeconómicos impiden que la población joven en Honduras se forme de una manera íntegra y profesional en nuestra sociedad, lo que conlleva a que países como Honduras no puedan llegar a tener un desarrollo económico aceptable, y los conflictos políticos, sociales y económicos que estos pueden acarrear.Siendo estos factores socioeconómicos perjudiciales a la imagen que tiene un país ante el resto del mundo, teniendo en cuenta que se anhela que la población obtenga una mejor condición de vida, salud, alimentación, educación, vestuario, etc., por lo tanto, esta investigación utiliza las variables más importantes que influyen en el comportamiento y desarrollo de los jóvenes en la sociedad hondureña y que se toma como referencia estadísticas de dos fechas en el tiempo, que son el año 2001 y 2013.
ESTRUCTURA DE LA RECAUDACIÓN FISCAL EN HONDURAS: PROGRESIVO O REGRESIVO
Authors: Rosales Rivera Sara , Mature Ordoñez Griselda , Calderón Avelar Stiward Eduardo
Published: February 2019

El propósito de la presente investigación técnica es hacer un análisis del comportamiento de los ingresos fiscales durante el periodo 2000-2015 de los países centroamericanos, principalmente Honduras. Se espera que el lector adquiera un panorama más amplio de la importancia de los ingresos tributarios en el país y de los países de la región.
EDUCACIÓN Y CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO: ANÁLISIS E IMPLICANCIAS
Authors: Zuniga Figueroa Pedro
Published: February 2019

Una de las principales causas del desarrollo económico es sin lugar a duda el capital humano, la finalidad de este documento es presentar el vínculo que existe entre la educación y el crecimiento económico y sus diferentes matices, pasando por una perspectiva individual hasta una perspectiva macroeconómica.
INTERDEPENDENCIA Y COMPLEMENTARIEDAD ENTRE PYME’S COMO FACTOR DE LA PRODUCTIVIDAD Y COMPETITIVIDAD
Authors: Zuniga Alvarado Doris Noelia , Castellon Vogel Doraydee
Published: February 2019

La productividad y competitividad de las empresas son factores de gran relevancia para el éxito de las mismas, pero esto depende en gran medida de la Interdependencia y Complementariedad que pueda existir entre ellas. Cabe mencionar, que las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes no son la excepción). Es por tal razón que en el presente artículo se abordaran cuatro importantes variables Interdependencia, Complementariedad, Productividad y Competitividad. Cuando se habla del tema de competitividad es hablar de varias fases o ejes, un importante escritor que habla de la competitividad y la ha definido claramente es Michael Porter, para él “la ventaja competitiva de un país “es su capacidad para incitar a las empresas (locales o extranjeras) a utilizar el país como plataforma para llevar adelante sus actividades. Para determinar las fuerzas y las debilidades competitivas de los países y sus principales sectores” (Centro de Comercio Internacional, 2013). Estrategia y metodología seguir La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo Tipo y Alcance de Investigación Correlacional ya que se pretende relacionar variables y contrastar los resultados para ver cuál es la relación que existe entre las variables. Con un diseño de la Investigación No Experimental Transversal. En cuanto al aporte de Aporte la investigación es constructivista porque pretende aportar conocimiento útil para la Academia, las Empresas y el País se usará un método dialectico hermenéutico para la comprensión, la explicación y la interpretación de las variables planteadas.
LA COMUNICACIÓN COMO ESTRATEGIA DE DESARROLLO Y ORGANIZACIONAL EN LA GESTIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO
Authors: Huete Flores Eduard José
Published: February 2019

La gestión del conocimiento juega un papel trascendental en las economías del conocimiento, siendo a través de procesos metodológicos la inserción de las organizaciones a una nueva etapa productiva, la cual no solo es medida por su infraestructura o el recurso financiero que dispone, si no, considerando su recurso humano y su conocimiento individual como el factor de mayor trascendencia para introducirse en una nueva era evolutiva. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva, la cual ilustra el proceso que deben incorporar las empresas en sus culturas organizacionales para empezar en la gestión del conocimiento.
El Derecho Constitucional ¿Hacia un cambio de paradigma?
Authors: Matamoros Pineda Anny , López Murcia Rafael Antonio
Published: February 2019

El derecho constitucional, considerado desde el punto de vista de la ciencia del derecho, es un producto avanzado de la modernidad tardía (siglos XIX e inicios del XX), que siguió a la Ilustración. Desde la conceptualización del Estado de Derecho, una de sus principales características, fue el asentarse en el principio de legalidad y, en el sistema anglosajón, en el ámbito de imperatividad que impone el Rule of Law, preponderando una visión o perspectiva legalista y conservadora desde la separación de poderes y la soberanía estatal, para la configuración de su objeto. Ahora esta visión se ve desafiada desde el análisis postmoderno del derecho, resultando asertivo la posibilidad de una crisis o un cambio de paradigma en el derecho legislado y, particularmente, en el atributo de rigidez que tradicionalmente se le confiere al derecho constitucional. Para fundamentar tal pretensión, se parte de una conceptualización de lo que es el paradigma – epistemológicamente considerado – y cuáles son las bases teóricas que permiten conjeturar si nos encontramos ante una evolución sistémica respecto a la consideración tradicional del derecho legislado por el Constituyente.
La Constante Lucha de la Constitución Política: Controlar el Poder del Soberano
Authors: Guevara Arroyo Alejandro
Published: February 2019

Este breve texto es una introducción filosófica a una de las funciones principales de la Constitución Política (en acuerdo con el modelo liberal). Se trata de la función de control del poder político. Adicionalmente, se presentan varios mecanismos que se han desarrollado para darle efectividad a la Constitución, así como las variopintas dificultades con las que se enfrenta.
Implementing an Instructional Design on Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) With Foreign Language Students Aimed at Joining the Corporate World
Authors: Dimas Héctor Manuel Serna
Published: February 2019

This study intends the validation of an instructional design on intercultural communicative competence (ICC) in the beginning levels of German, French, Italian, Portuguese, and English in the Modern Languages program at EAN University in Colombia. The design constituents: language integration, oral production, fieldwork activities, and a product/project gravitated around thematic units. The faculty application of the design is evidenced through annotated lesson plans together with the rationale for their classroom decision-making. The results indicate that an instructional design on intercultural communicative competence offers teachers and students a framework whose components acknowledge the participants’ diverse views and promote an intercultural learning environment in both relational and interpersonal terms.
Ein Jahrhundert landwirtschaftliches Grundstücksverkehrsrecht in Deutschland
Authors: Busse Christian
Published: February 2019

In 2018, German agricultural land law celebrates its hundredth year of existence. It was created in 1918, during World War I, and rewritten during the Nazi era, it has been part of real estate law since 1961. At the moment, this area of law is experiencing a renaissance due to substantially increased land prices. Terms such as family farm enterprise, non-agricultural investors and land grabbing dominate the debate. Due to the 2006 reform of the federal system (I), the legislative power has shifted from federal to federal state level, who have been carrying out legislative activities since. This work aims to present and document the legal historical development. Furthermore, it offers commentary, based on selected draft laws, on the current debate, thereby rendering it understandable. It also includes references to the debate at European level.
Aristotle on Learning How to Learn
Authors: Buttaci Jonathan A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2019

I consider a more generic goal teachers have for students in addition to learning some determinate content: that they learn how to learn anything whatsoever. To explain this process, I draw on two insights from Aristotle’s account of learning: first, that in every case students learn by doing the very things they are learning to do; and second, that it is possible to achieve a general educatedness whereby someone can make intelligent judgments and intellectual progress even in previously unfamiliar subject areas. In both cases, Aristotle’s account of the teacher as thinking-facilitator rather than knowledge-infuser is illuminating. This connects with recent literature on Experiential Learning. Having developed this broadly Aristotelian account of learning how to learn I offer some concrete strategies for putting the theory into practice in the philosophy classroom. These strategies include targeted reading guidance and mystery text assignments, both of which develop incrementally throughout the course.
Proposal for an innovating business model for supporting biotechnology companies, ecosystem and their founders
Authors: Heitzmann Fabrice
Published: February 2019

The pharmaceutical industry has been revolutionized by the new biotechnology companies during the last years. Facing patent expirations, lack of innovation and depleting product pipelines, the important structures turned to the funding of small biotechnology companies aimed at research and intellectual property securization. Alliances are primordial in the current economic climate. The market growth was questioned for years, but biotechnology companies shifted to product-driven strategies and the market performance has been verified during the last decade. Researchers still face challenges in transforming their science into businesses. They need to be fully equipped, and accompanied towards the right objectives to ensure the sustainability of the market as a whole.
Branded content: una nueva apuesta para el New York Times
Authors: Miotto Giorgia , Payne Gregory
Published: February 2019

En un entorno caracterizado por un flujo continuo de información gratuita en la red, tanto los medios de comunicación como las marcas luchan cada día para ganar la batalla en la economía de la atención de los públicos. Los formatos publicitarios tradicionales son percibidos como intrusivos e ineficaces. Es por ello que, conjuntamente con una coyuntura económica poco favorable, la inversión en publicidad tradicional en las versiones impresas y digitales de los periódicos está disminuyendo constantemente. Empresas y medios de comunicación han encontrado en el branded content una nueva forma de conectar con los públicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es describir el caso paradigmático del New York Times, pionero en la creación y difusión de campañas de branded content. Analizamos diez ejemplos de campañas para medir el nivel de presencia de la marca patrocinadora, los formatos utilizados y si existe una búsqueda de legitimización a la hora de crear relaciones con los stakeholders a través del branded content. Utilizamos la metodología del análisis de contenido. La investigación muestra que, en el caso del New York Times, el branded content es una estrategia a medio-largo plazo, no centrada en el producto y que tiene el fin de crear una relación con los stakeholders basada en la creación y difusión de contenido útil, interesante y, a menudo, con valor pedagógico que aporta valor a la sociedad en su conjunto.
El marketing de contenidos en la estrategia de growth hacking en la nueva economía. Los casos de Wallapop, Westwing y Fotocasa
Authors: Coll Rubio Patricia
Published: February 2019

Las marcas nativas digitales buscan nuevas fórmulas que les permitan ver aumentar sus audiencias, planteando estrategias de growth hacking que combinan creatividad y análisis. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo describir el papel que juega en ellas el marketing de contenidos, a través del análisis de los casos de estudios de Wallapop, Westwing y Fotocasa, tres marcas nativas digitales de referencia en Barcelona, ciudad que se ha convertido en uno de los principales hubs tecnológicos del mundo, con presencia más de 1.200 empresas tecnológicas emergentes y sede de la feria internacional Mobile World Congress, en el que se ha generado un potente ecosistema de startups. Los resultados de la investigación, obtenidos en base a técnicas de carácter cualitativo, constatan que la elaboración, curación y difusión de contenidos es uno de los ejes de la planificación estratégica de la nueva economía que tiene una visión growth hacker, enfocada al crecimiento y que combina acciones de publicidad, relaciones públicas y marketing digital para lograrlo. En este sentido, las marcas nativas digitales elaboran y difunden contenidos de interés para sus públicos en todo tipo de formatos (escrito, audiovisual) y mediante canales diversos (blogs, redes sociales, app, newsletter, branded content). Disponen de equipos propios de contenidos para elaborarlos y también promueven y realizan curación de los contenidos que sus propios usuarios y seguidores elaboran sobre ellos y que ejercen a su vez de microinfluencers, potenciando y viralizando los mensajes que la marca quiere transmitir.
Raíces en el aire. Espacios sociales rurales y movilidades en la región pampeana bonaerense contemporánea.
Authors: Hendel Verónica
Published: February 2019

Este trabajo pretende analizar algunos de los modos en que se produce y reproduce socialmente la vida y se construyen cotidianeidades en el ámbito rural pampeano bonaerense de la Argentina, en el marco de las tendencias homogeneizantes contemporáneas del capital y las políticas neoliberales. Modos que inciden sobre los espacios sociales rurales, transformándolos, resignificándolos y construyendo nuevos diálogos entre lo urbano y lo rural. El avance de nuevas maquinarias y tecnologías que prescinden, cada vez en mayor medida, de los trabajadores y operarios rurales y desplazan a los pequeños productores familiares, por un lado, y una suerte de “vuelta al campo” protagonizada por sectores urbanos de altos ingresos, que pretende reconstruir un pasado rural que nunca existió en forma de casas quinta de fin de semana, barrios privados y clubes de chacra, se conjugan dando lugar a movilidades que inciden de modos diversos sobre los espacios sociales rurales pampeanos. Aquí analizaremos esta problemática poniéndola en diálogo con las nociones de “arraigo” y desarraigo”, y dando cuenta de ciertos rasgos centrales de las reconfiguraciones materiales, políticas, sociales, culturales y simbólicas que han atravesado, y están atravesando, los espacios rurales en la región pampeana bonaerense.
CATHODIC HYDROGEN EVOLUTION ON IRON DISILICIDE. II. ACIDIC SOLUTION
Authors: Kuzminykh Maria М. , Panteleeva Viktoria V. , Shein Anatoliy B.
Published: February 2019

The kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction on FeSi2-electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution has been studied using methods of polarization and impedance measurements. With the help of diagnostic criteria for the hydrogen evolution reaction mechanisms based on the analysis of the dependence of the parameters of the equivalent electric circuit on overvoltage, it was established that the reaction of hydrogen evolution on iron disilicide in the sulfuric acid solution proceeds along the discharge - electrochemical desorption route, where desorption is the rate-determining stage. Both stages are irreversible, the transfer coefficients α of the stages are equal, simultaneously the hydrogen absorption reaction by the electrode material proceeds in the kinetic mode (in the whole investigated range of potentials). It was found that the adsorption of atomic hydrogen is described by the equation of the Langmuir isotherm. The influence of thin oxide film on the hydrogen evolution kinetics is noted. The influence of various methods of modifying of the surface of FeSi2-electrode on the kinetics and mechanism of the cathodic process has been studied. It was found that the modification of the disilicide surface by hydrogenation at a current density of i = 30 mA/cm2, an anodic etching in 0.5 M H2SO4 at the potential E = 0.4 V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode, an anodic etching in 1.0 M NaOH at the potential E = 0.1 V, chemical etching in 5.0 M NaOH at 70 °C reduce the overvoltage of hydrogen evolution, but the mechanism of the cathodic process does not change as a result of the electrode modification. Reduction of the overvoltage of hydrogen evolution on iron disilicide is due to the action of two factors: the development of the surface and the change in the composition of the surface layer of the electrode. It has been concluded that FeSi2 in the sulfuric acid solution is a promising electrode material that exhibits activity in the electrolytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
N-TROPYLATION OF ARYLAMINES
Authors: Yunnikova Lidiya P. , Likhareva Yuliya E. , Balandina Svetlana Yu.
Published: February 2019

An efficient method for introduction of biogenic tropylium cycle into aromatic amines molecules is offered. Introduction is carried out in the presence of imidazole as a strong base. Interaction between tropylium salts (tetrafluoroborate or perchlorate) and aromatic amines with either nitro- or acetyl groups (meta-nitroaniline, para-nitroaniline, 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline and para-acetylaniline) as electron-acceptor substituents in the benzol ring results in stable products resulting from substitution of the hydrogen atom in the amino group of aromatic amines, namely: 4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 2-methyl-4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 3-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline, 4-acetyl-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline. The yields of the compounds obtained attain 60-87%. In this process, imidazole forms with the tropylium cation a complex which (1) serves as a carrier of tropylium ion to the nitrogen atom of aromatic amine, thus lightening the electrophilic substitution process at the hydrogen atom of the amino group; (2) prevents the dehydration process of resulting N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil) anilines. The latter phenomenon is an advantage in comparison with the method in which the dehydration process results in unstable N-aryl-8-azaheptafulvenes instead of stable N-tropylated anilines. The structure of the compounds obtained is confirmed by the method of mass spectrometry, NMR on protium nuclei and XRD analysis for 4-nitro-N-(1'-cyclohepta-2',4',6'-trienil)aniline. Antimicrobial activity is studied on conditionally pathogenic St. aureus 906, C. albicans ATCC 24433 and E. coli 1257 strains. The investigation results show all the synthesized compounds to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The compounds N-(3-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine and N-(4-acylphenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine at concentration 125 microgram/ml are ascertained to exhibit inhibitory action on growth and development of the test strains, with this effect being less expressed for compounds N-(4-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine and N-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienamine.
ADSORPTION DEFORMATION OF MICROPOROUS CARBON ADSORBENT FAS AT ADSORP-TION OF WATER AND ACETONE VAPORS
Authors: Zaytsev Dmitriy S. , Tvardovskiy Andrey V. , Shkolin Andrey V. , Fomkin Anatoliy A.
Published: February 2019

For the first time, complex studies were carried out on adsorption deformation – sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS at adsorption of water and acetone vapors   from the flow of carrier gas – nitrogen in non-equilibrium conditions. The results of this phenomenon were analyzed and the laws of the sorption of the microporous carbon adsorbent FAS during the adsorption of substances of different classes and different purposes in non-equilibrium conditions are established. In work a microporous carbon adsorbent FAS, obtained on the basis of furfural was used. Active coals on the basis of thermosetting plastics grades of FAS are significantly better than commercially-produced carbon adsorbents based on coal and peat on their mechanical properties and low ash content at a much greater development of the volume of the adsorbent micropores. We used the facility for studies of adsorption deformation of a solid adsorbent, manufactured in the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry of RAS. For the measurements we used a flow dilatometer, allowing measuring the adsorption deformation of the adsorbent while passing through it portions of the test substance or mixture in the carrier gas flow. It is shown that exit time of curves of sorbostriction to the maximum is individually for each of the studied substances, which enables you to use the effect of sorbostriction to detect the presence of certain substances in the mixture. The results of the wave sorbostriction of microporous carbon adsorbent FAS at adsorption of water and acetone vapors   from the flow of carrier gas - nitrogen allow to conclude on the high selectivity of adsorption and the possibility of using the adsorbent as a sensor to control the content of these substances in a flow of nitrogen.
INVESTIGATION OF DIPENTENE ISOLATION POSSIBILITY FROM TIRES PYROLYSIS OIL IN LEAD MELT
Authors: Nikolaev Artem N. , Skomorokhova Svetlana N. , Trifanova Elena M. , Kutchin Alexander V.
Published: February 2019

The work is aimed at experimental substantiation of dipentene (dl-limonene) extraction from pyrolysis liquid obtained by pyrolysis in the lead melt of tires of different brands. Pyrolysis liquid was isolated under conditions that reduce the sulfur content and increase the proportion of dipentene in the direct-contact reactor in the lead melt and in the temperature range of 400-470 °C. A method for extracting dipentene from pyrolytic liquid by distillation at normal pressure, in vacuum, and two-stage distillation (first with water vapor, then vacuum distillation) to obtain fractions enriched with dipentene was tested. The results obtained demonstrate that at this stage of the study the chemically unstable fraction of polyene hydrocarbons in the pyrolysis liquid is actively polymerized during distillation. The chromatographic analysis of the initial samples and distillation fractions was carried out, which showed that the feedstock contains more than 100 chemicals with a dipentene content of not more than 17%. Based on the evaluation of the obtained quantitative characteristics, distillation parameters providing the maximum yield of dipentene were determined. Under the proposed conditions, the enrichment of individual fractions with dipentene by ~4-6 times compared to its initial content in pyrolysis liquid was achieved. During distillation in vacuum, a fraction with a yield of 19.6% with a content of dipentene up to 40.8% was isolated, a narrow fraction with an yield of 4.8% with a maximum content of dipentene of 49.9% was isolated. During distillation with steam and subsequent vacuum distillation with a total yield of 17%, fractions with a dipentene content of 24-36 % were isolated. Further concentration of dipentene will obviously require more complex chemical synthesis and fractionation operations. The data obtained may be of interest in the development of a new process of pyrolysis of tires in the melt of heavy metals (lead), improving its efficiency by identifying economically important components for the production of commercial products.
Invisible Lives: Gender, Dispossession, and Precarity amongst Syrian Refugee Women in the Middle East
Authors: Canefe Nergis
Published: February 2019

This article attends to the connections between neo-liberal and neo-developmentalist labour regimes, asylum and immigration management, and the exploitation of undocumented, refugee, and migrant women, based on the experiences of Syrian refugee women in Turkey. The concept of precarity is explored as a selectively applied strategy by states to people who lack “status” or who are unable to benefit from “membership rights.” Forced migrants, illegal migrants, and asylum seekers are directly implicated in highly precarious work experiences at the bottom end of labour markets across the Global South, becoming trapped in forced labour and human trafficking arrangements. The article establishes a link between extreme forms of migrant labour exploitation in precarious life worlds and gender-based profiling of life chances.
Inhabiting Difference across Religion and Gender: Displaced Women’s Experiences at Turkey’s Border with Syria
Authors: Dağtaş Seçil
Published: February 2019

The global refugee crisis gives new urgency to questions of gender and religion in contexts of displacement. This article adopts and contributes to an intersectional feminist reading of gendered displacement by examining the daily lives of a diverse group of displaced Syrian women at the southern borderlands of Turkey, a country hosting the world’s largest population of refugees today. I argue that the vernaculars of hospitality and border crossings surrounding these women’s lives assemble gendered practices and religious discourses in ways that rework and transcend their citizenship and identity-based differences. These assemblages, moreover, derive significant insight from women’s labour and everyday networks at the local level, which often go unnoticed in public debates. Research that shifts focus from institutional governance to women’s everyday sociality allows intersectional feminists to capture the nuances of displaced women’s agency and the contingencies of their dwelling and mobility in the Middle East against the de-historicized representations of victimized refugee women.
Tracing the Coloniality of Queer and Trans Migrations: Resituating Heterocisnormative Violence in the Global South and Encounters with Migrant Visa Ineligibility to Canada
Authors: Lee Edward Ou Jin
Published: February 2019

Most of the scholarship on queer and trans migrants focuses on the refugee experience post-migration to Canada. In contrast, this article draws from a doctoral study that included participant interviews and policy/media textual analysis to map out the historical, geopolitical, social, and economic dimensions that shape homophobic and transphobic violence across the globe, as well as queer and trans migrations from the Global South to Canada. These realities are analyzed through the lens of coloniality and on the scale of empire to historicize how queer and trans migrant lives are shaped by forgotten histories of colonial violence. This study suggests that the hyper-visibility of Canada’s “generous” treatment of queer and trans refugees obscures how its bor-der regime blocks people from the Global South from entry.
Frequências de estimulação tátil em cordeiros lactentes: influência no ganho médio de peso, temperamento e relação homem-animal
Authors: Erzinger Luciane , Borges Tâmara Duarte , Weber Saulo Henrique , Winagraski Philippe , Viana Nathaniele Penso Gonçalves , Vink Melissa , Sotomaior Cristina Santos
Published: February 2019

A estimulação tátil precoce em animais tem como benefícios a redução do estresse, melhoras no manejo, nos índices zootécnicos e no relacionamento ser-humano animal; no entanto, há escassos estudos relacionados ao benefício da estimulação tátil em cordeiros. O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar diferentes frequências de estimulação tátil em cordeiros lactentes, avaliando o temperamento, ganho de peso e relação ser humano- animal. Trinta e seis cordeiros, do segundo dia de vida até o desmame (60 a 63 dias de vida), foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: tratamento controle (TC; n = 12) - cordeiros que não receberam estímulo tátil; T3x (n = 12) - estimulação tátil nos cordeiros três vezes por semana; e T5x (n = 12) - estimulação tátil nos cordeiros cinco vezes por semana. Semanalmente os cordeiros eram pesados e o peso médio diário (GPD) calculado. Para a avaliação do temperamento durante a pesagem, eram avaliados a reatividade (REA, possibilidade de 5-escores) e o número de vocalizações na balança (VOC). Após a pesagem, era avaliada a velocidade de saída (VS). Ao desmame, os cordeiros foram submetidos a testes de arena: teste de isolamento social (TIS), teste de distância de fuga (TDF) e teste de aproximação forçada (TAF). Não houve diferença (p > 0,05) entre os tratamentos para as variáveis de temperamento mensuradas (REA, VS, VOC) e para o GPD. Não foram verificadas diferenças (p > 0,05) entre os tratamentos para o número de vocalizações durante o TIS. Os animais do T5x, porém, aproximaram-se  mais do ser humano (p < 0,05) no TDF e se deixaram tocar em menor tempo (p < 0,05) durante o TAF, em comparação ao TC. Concluiu-se que variações na frequência de estimulação tátil (3 ou 5x/semana) não demostraram diferença no GPD e no temperamento de cordeiros estimulados do nascimento ao desmame; a estimulação feita cinco vezes por semana demonstrou melhores resultados durante os testes de relação ser humano-animal, com diminuição da distância de fuga e maior aproximação com o homem.
Neuropeptides in modulation of Drosophila behavior: how to get a grip on their pleiotropic actions
Authors: Nässel Dick R , Pauls Dennis , Huetteroth Wolf
Published: February 2019

Neuropeptides constitute a large and diverse class of signaling molecules that are produced by many types of neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrines and other cells. Many neuropeptides display pleiotropic actions either as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, while some play these roles concurrently. Here, we highlight pleiotropic functions of neuropeptides and different levels of neuropeptide signaling in the brain, from context-dependent orchestrating signaling by higher order neurons, to local executive modulation in specific circuits. Additionally, orchestrating neurons receive peptidergic signals from neurons conveying organismal internal state cues and relay these to executive circuits. We exemplify these levels of signaling with four neuropeptides, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A and leucokinin, each with a specific expression pattern and level of complexity in signaling.
Contested Interiority: Sense of Outsideness/Insideness Conveyed through Everyday Interactions with University Campus Doors
Authors: Stafford Lisa
Published: February 2019

Our sense of place in the world is mediated through our everyday interactions with both people and space (Seamon, 1985). Everydayness is one of the most profound levels and shapers of human experience, yet too often this level of relation is overlooked and taken for granted in the design of environments (Dyck, 2005; Tuan, 1977). In this article, I present a first-person phenomenological account of my everyday interactions with doors on a university campus to uncover contested notions of interiority. My body-space routines reveal how a sense of outsideness/insideness is controlled through my interactions with objects such as doors, door handles and thresholds. These accounts suggest that given our everyday activities are intrinsically linked to designed environments (Upton, 2002) and that interiority is relational (Atmodiwirjo & Yatmo, 2018), adopting an everydayness frame from diverse users’ perspectives is imperative to improve human experiences and spatial justice within design practice. This is critically important for non-normative bodies like mine whose subjective experience of interiority is constantly being disputed and denied by hostile materiality.
Performative Interiors: Terminological and Theoretical Reflections on the Term 'Performative'
Authors: Kassem Ayman
Published: February 2019

‘Performative’ is an emerging term in architectural discourse. The word ‘performative’ is able to describe spatial qualities and design approaches. The term is mostly linked to the concepts of open-form, and flexibility which are characters that give the spatial design a strategic aspect as the ability to anticipate and host predicted and unpredicted occurrences, and to adjust to future changes, which also gives architecture the character of an unfolding ‘event’ in time and in space. This paper seeks to investigate the terminological and the theoretical dimensions of the term ‘performative.’
Material Atmospheres: Theorising Recent Shifts in Interior Visualisation
Authors: Marinic Gregory
Published: February 2019

Much like Walter Benjamin's analysis of the Parisian arcades during the interwar years of the early 20th century, emerging methods of seeing interior spaces reveal a deeper gaze into the contextual, material, and phenomenological conditions that produce more nuanced visions of interiority. A collective consciousness surrounding these constructed narratives is reflected in charged associations with the most salient imperatives of our time—globalisation, resource depletion, ecological degradation, and political instability—as well as their corresponding effects on the built environment. These visual provocations have incrementally percolated up to embody an expanding field of design activism for educators, theorists, practitioners, and students. How do these avant-garde techniques operate?  What do they reveal about socio-political, economic, and consumptive forces shaping the global built environment?  How do these speculative methods offer more critical ways to communicate dynamic conditions?
Effectiveness of Two Moisturizers in the Treatment of Foot Xerosis
Authors: Parker Justin C. , Scharfbillig Rolf W. , Jones Sara
Published: February 2019

Background:

Xerosis (dryness) of the foot is commonly encountered in clinical care and can lead to discomfort, pain, and predisposition to infection. Many moisturizing products are available, with little definitive research to recommend any particular formulation.

Methods:

We compared two commonly prescribed moisturizing products from different ends of the price spectrum (sorbolene and 25% urea cream) for their effectiveness in reducing xerosis signs using the Specified Symptom Sum Score. A randomized clinical trial of parallel design was conducted over 28 days (February–May 2015) on 41 participants with simple xerosis. Participants, therapists, assessors, and data entry personnel were blinded to treatment, and allocation was determined via a randomization table.

Results:

Thirty-four participants completed the study (19 urea and 15 sorbolene), with one reporting minor adverse effects. There were statistically significant improvements in both groups after 28 days. Mean differences between pre and post scores were 3.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80 to 4.20) for the urea group and 2.90 (95% CI, 2.00 to 3.80) for the sorbolene group. There was a slightly lower mean posttreatment score in the urea group (1.16; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.64) than in the sorbolene group (1.80; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.35), but this difference was not significant (P ≤ .09). Effect size of difference was –0.48 (95% CI, –1.16 to 0.22).

Conclusions:

In this study, there was no difference between using sorbolene or 25% urea cream to treat symptoms of foot xerosis. A recommendation, therefore, cannot be made based on efficacy alone; however, sorbolene treatments are invariably cheaper than urea-based ones.
Immigration Brings New Pathology with No Standardized Treatment Protocol
Authors: Harrington Tara L. , Eldredge Denten , Benson Erica K.
Published: February 2019

Madura foot is an uncommon invasive soft-tissue infection that foot and ankle specialists encounter. We present two rare cases of Phialemonium and Phaeoacremonium fungi infections of the foot diagnosed in northern California to inform physicians on the presentation and current treatment options for this unique pathology. The two cases presented outline the clinical presentations, diagnostic data, and surgical and antimicrobial interventions. There is a concentration on the antimicrobial options depending on which of the over 20 species is encountered. The pertinent literature and supporting data are reviewed to create an outline for discussion of treatment protocols when faced with these emerging opportunistic infections.
The Perception of the Scope of Practice of Podiatric Medicine in a Large Teaching Hospital Demonstrated by Internal Medicine Residents and Patients
Authors: Seat Christopher , Seat Andrea , Alexander Jeffery
Published: February 2019

Background:

The scope of podiatric practice has changed significantly in the past couple of decades. Despite the increased quality of training, many people outside of podiatry may not realize what our scope of practice entails.

Methods:

We conducted a survey consisting of 10 items and asked internal medicine residents at Rush University Medical Center and patients whether they would feel comfortable consulting podiatrists, or being treated for each issue.

Results:

The results for residents are as follows: 1) toenail fungus, 35% yes and 65% no; 2) diabetic wound care, 87.5% yes and 12.5% no; 3) bunion surgery, 90% yes and 10% no; 4) ankle fracture surgery, 25% yes and 75% no; 5) calcaneal fracture surgery, 50% yes and 50% no; 6) tarsal tunnel nerve surgery, 62.5% yes and 37.5% no; 7) lower extremity arterial bypass, 5% yes and 95% no; 8) below-knee amputation, 5% yes and 95% no; 9) transmetatarsal amputation, 67.5% yes and 32.5% no; and 10) venous stasis wound care, 65% yes and 35% no. The results for patients are as follows: 1) toenail fungus, 72.5% yes and 27.5% no; 2) diabetic wound care, 70% yes and 30% no; 3) bunion surgery, 62.5% yes and 37.5% no; 4) ankle fracture surgery, 57.5% yes and 42.5% no; 5) calcaneal fracture surgery, 55% yes and 45% no; 6) tarsal tunnel nerve surgery, 50% yes and 50% no; 7) lower extremity arterial bypass, 32.5% yes and 67.5% no; 8) below-knee amputation, 27.5% yes and 72.5% no; 9) transmetatarsal amputation, 52.5% yes and 47.5% no; and 10) venous stasis wound care, 32.5% yes and 67.5% no.

Conclusions:

Internal medicine residents and patients do not have an accurate perception of the scope of podiatric medicine. This proves that, as a profession, we need to raise awareness about what the podiatric scope of medicine actually entails.