bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An indoor video-based for single face identification among people
Authors: Indrabayu  , Areni I S , Arafah M , Jusman  , Rachmat M P , Nurtanio I
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to build a system that can detect certain face among several people. The system works using face recognition in searching suspects from a database. 30 images and 9 videos are used for training and testing. In the training process carried out several stages: (1) pre-processing of face images, (2) extraction of facial image training features using the Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) method, (3) face classification using the SVM method. There are several steps for testing process i.e.: (1) video frame extraction, (2) cascade classifier method with the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) feature descriptor, (3) HOG for extracting facial features detected in the frames, and (4) SVM as the face classifier. The processed video data is 1920x1080 pixel resolution which has been recorded using a CCTV camera which is mounted on a wall with height and slope angle of 2.5 meters and 60 degrees. There are two goals implemented in this research. The first goal is to find the highest accuracy from several testing of frame sampling by setting the best threshold value. The second goal is to find the lowest processing time.
New concept of universal coding using one step reversible low contrast mapping (1RLCM)
Authors: Mesra H , Tjandrasa H , Fatichah C
Published: November 2019

Universal coding was developed for compressing data that the probability distribution of a symbol is unknown. Universal coding methods encode a symbol using some bits as code based on the coding algorithm. This research introduces a new concept of universal coding by encoding two symbols using Reversible Low Contrast Mapping (RLCM) transform. The proposed method transforms a pair non negative integer to a non-negative integer and a binary number. This research also introduces a compression scheme namely Average Encoding (AE) to compress a sequence of data using the proposed coding method. This method generally yields a higher compression ratio than the Elias Delta, Elias Gamma, and Fibonacci coding when it is tested using the results of differential encoding of some testing images.
Design of intelligent camera-based security system with image enhancement support
Authors: Chyan P
Published: November 2019

Security is a desired condition in order to achieve stability in the life of society. Security issues are often related to efforts to prevent and detect criminal acts in the community and along with technological developments various methods and devices are created and implemented to support security procedures. This research focuses on designing intelligent camera-based security systems with the support of image enhancement feature. The developed security system is the type of active security system that has the advantage of intercepting or providing real-time information on potential criminal acts that occur and this is done through system automation without involving humans as system supervisors. The developed security system is supported with digital image processing software to process snapshot and recorded images from system cameras with the aim of improving quality of visual images for the analysis purpose and also as digital forensic evidence that can be used in law enforcement related to criminal activity. The output of this research is active security system devices with the support of image quality enhancing software that can be used in various security and surveillance needs.
User experience on games development trends
Authors: Persada A G
Published: November 2019

Game industries are emerging and growing rapidly. Developing good game is becoming more complicated today. It required to achieve user satisfaction and good interaction. Designer has to learn more about social aspects alongside technical aspects. These activities embodied as user experience (UX). In fact, UX and game cannot be distinguised each other. However, it is difficult to be understood. Initial survey had conducted in order to test the statement. Students of Informatics Engineering, UII choosen to take survey. Result revealed, even though students understand about UX and game development separately, they confused when asked about UX-based game development. Based on those problems, we conducted literature review on UX-based game development. 36 papers are reviewed and generated three main discussions. First, usability issues in UX-based game development. Second, virtual reality (VR) is becoming the most popular topic. Third, how to measure children as personas in game development. Briefly conclusion, UX and game development are coherent each other in order to achieve user sastisfaction and good interaction. Result of this study can be used as reference for students about the issues of UX-based game development. Even though, this study is not comprehensively produce method yet. It needs further study to strengthen the result and produce method.
Decision support system for predicting increased data on objects of motor vehicle name transfer (BBNKB I) using trend moment method (Case study: wheels 2 and wheels 4 in Samarinda)
Authors: Pakpahan H S , Anandiya O , Hairah U , Wati Masna
Published: November 2019

Transfer of Motor Vehicle Title Fee (BBNKB I) is first-person vehicle ownership. From this BBNKB I data, we can predict the number of vehicles that will enter Samarinda with the trend moment method. Historical data used are UPTB data from January 2015 to December 2018. To determine the prediction results, the existing historical data are used and use the MAPE value to calculate the error value or inaccuracy of the predicted results. Applications that are built using NetBeans with a MySQL database connection, where calculation formulas are included in the application. The end result is the prediction of the number of vehicles for 2-wheeled vehicles in Samarinda in 2017 with an average MAPE value of 0.55%, in 2018 with an average MAPE value of 1.92% and 2019 with an average MAPE value of 1.31 %. Then for 4-wheeled vehicles in Samarinda in 2017 with an average value of MAPE of 0.57%, in 2018 with an average value of MAPE of 0.77% and in 2019 with an average value of MAPE of 0.47%. MAPE criteria can be used to predict object data of BBNKB I wheels 2 and 4 wheels in Samarinda.
Closed Shop Scheduling Optimisation using Max-Plus Automata
Authors: Merdekawati Dian Ayu , Subiono
Published: November 2019

An appropriate scheduling system is needed in manufacturing activities to minimize production time and costs. Flow shop is one type of production flow that widely used in manufacturing. Based on the demand criteria, it has been known as a scheduling problem called closed shop. This scheduling emphasizes the make-to-stock (MTS) which produces a stock. We take the closed shop scheduling case studies from an existing literature and optimize scheduling using max-plus automata optimum. We compare the result with regular scheduling and the previous result in the literature. We show that the result of max-plus automata optimum scheduling are optimum compared than the existing regular scheduling and the existing previous result of the literature.
Construction of (h,k)-Coterie Quorum System Based on Majority Coterie
Authors: Arsal A , Lawi A , Amir A K
Published: November 2019

Quorum system of (h, k)-majority coterie is a set system which elements are a collection of sets k-coterie provided that each element satisfies bicoterie and disjoint properties. Some of related studies have tried to make the construction of this quorum system but constrained by the problem of generalization. In this paper, to overcome the problem we first compile an equation to determine the size of quoru m. Then we arrange quoru ms that satisfies the equation in a quorum system. The way are (a) divide the universe set into m parts so that h parts are separated, (b) construct a quorum that satisfie k-coterie, (c) construct a quorum system that satisfie bicoterie and disjoint properties.
Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on the tensile strength of coconut fiber
Authors: Arsyad M , Kondo Y , Arman  , Anzarih A M , Wahyuni N
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of the concentration of sodium hydroxide on the tensile strength of coconut fiber. The materials used are coconut fiber, sodium hydroxide solution, distilled water, tensile testing machine, carton, glue. Coconut fibers are soaked for 3 hours in sodium hydroxide solution with concentrations of 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, and 55%. After that, coconut coir fibers are rinsed with distilled water, then shredded in the oven at a temperature of 90°C for 5 hours. After that, coconut fibers were divided into 3 groups. The first group, coconut fiber is used for hydrolysis test which aims to determine the amount of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contained in coconut fiber. The second group, coconut fiber is given a tensile test with standard ASTM 3379-02 to determine the tensile strength of coconut fiber. The third group, coconut fiber is used to observe the surface of coconut fiber with using SEM equipment. Based on the results of hydrolysis and tensile test It was concluded that (a) the concentration of sodium hydroxide had an effect on the amount of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contained in coconut fiber, the tensile strength of coconut fiber, and the roughness of coconut fiber surface, (b) the coconut fiber surface is increasingly rough which allows an increase in bonding strength between coconut fiber and resin, (c) the highest tensile strength was obtained at 30% sodium hydroxide soaking 226,1 N/mm2.
A general variable neighborhood search based on path relinking algorithm for multi-skill resource-constrained project scheduling problem with multiple restrictions
Authors: Dai H , Cheng W
Published: November 2019

This paper proposes a general variable neighborhood search based path relinking algorithm (GVNS-PR) to solving the multi-skill resources-constrained project scheduling problem with multiple restrictions. Integrating a local refinement procedure and a path relinking framework, the proposed GVNS-PR is assessed on two datasets and achieves highly competitive results. One set of benchmark instances which are known in the literature can be used to demonstrate the capability of the proposed algorithm to seek for the high quality schedules, in comparison with the existed state-of-the-art algorithms. The other one revises the previous through adding the researched restrictions into instances information. Two critical components of the proposed algorithm are shed light on to confirm their key role to the successful method.
Chemical composition and physical characteristics of coal and mangrove wood as alternative fuel
Authors: Rahman R , Widodo S , Azikin B , Tahir D
Published: November 2019

Physical properties and chemical properties of coal and mangrove wood (rhizophora macronata lamck) was determined by using proximate, ultimate, and calorific analysis. Proximate analysis is used to determine moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon. The ultimate analysis is the important chemical elements in biomass; use to determine carbon and sulfur content. The calorific value of coal and mangrove wood was conducted by using bomb calorimeter method. The aims in this study is to determine physical and chemical characteristics of coal from Kaltim Prima Coal Company (East Kalimantan Province), Sinjai coal and also mangrove wood from Sinjai (South Sulawesi Province). Result of chemical composition and physical characteristic (proximate, ultimate analysis and calorific value of coal and mangrove wood were as follow: coal from Kaltim Prima Coal were moisture: 16.11%, ash: 3.77%, volatile matter: 43.10%, fixed carbon: 37.01%, carbon content: 44.86%, sulfur content: 0.130% and calorific value: 4160.93 cal/gram. Sinjai coal: moisture content: 10.09%, ash: 52.41%, volatile matter: 23.54%, fixed carbon: 13.96%, carbon content: 24.37%, sulfur content: 0.272% and calorific value: 3941.21 cal/gram. Mangrove wood charcoal from Sinjai: moisture: 5.58%, ash: 6.34%, volatile matter: 19.30%, fixed carbon: 68.78%, carbon: 51.82% sulfur: 0.029%, and calorific value: 3800.1 cal/gram. After the pyrolysis process, mangrove wood produces a high enough calorific value which increases the calorific value, to: 5404.04 cal/gram. Based on the physical and chemical characteristics in this study shows mangrove wood have high potential to be used as an alternative fuel which was effective for household and industrial purposes.
Phytoremediation of tofu wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: Oktorina A N , Achmad Z , Mary S
Published: November 2019

The tofu industry in Indonesia is generally dominated by small industries so that the wastewater produced is not properly managed. The tofu industries generally produce wastewater from the washing, pressing, and molding process. Phytoremediation can be used as an alternative solution for tofu wastewater remediation process because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, and eco-friendly technology. This research used parallel reactor with circulation flow. Eichhornia crassipes with 1500 gram/compartment was used as the growing medium. The variables used in this study is the phytoremediation treatment and phytoremediation time. Phytoremediation treatment variations used anaeration and aeration methods for 10 days. The results of this study showed that the effectiveness of the average decrease in the two treatments; (1) anaeration treatment could reduce BOD 59.84%, COD 58.95%, TSS 86.79% and ammonia 25.43%, (2) aeration treatment could reduce BOD 80.67%, COD amounting to 78.28%, TSS 65.79% and ammonia 49.79%. Percentage of absorption of pollutant levels (BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia) in tofu wastewater increases with increasing phytoremediation time and number of compartments. According to the effectiveness value, aeration treatment was the most effective treatment in reducing the levels of tofu wastewater pollutants.
On One-Dimensional Quaternion Fourier Transform
Authors: Bahri Mawardi , Toaha Syamsuddin , Rahim Amran , Azis Moh. Ivan
Published: November 2019

There have been several efforts in the literature to extend the traditional Fourier transformation by using the quaternion algebra. This paper presents the one-dimensional quaternion Fourier transform. We derive its properties which are the extensions of corresponding properties of the one-dimensional Fourier transformation. Finally, the convolution theorem related to the one-dimensional quaternion Fourier transform is discussed.
A Generalized S-Transform in Linear Canonical Transform
Authors: Bahri Mawardi , Toaha Syamsuddin , Lande Chrisandi
Published: November 2019

The linear canonical S-transform is a generalization of the classical S-transform using linear canonical transform. In the present work, we propose the definition of the linear canonical S-transform and investigate important its properties.
Boundary value problems governed by Helmholtz equation for anisotropic trigonometrically graded materials: A boundary element method solution
Authors: Khaeruddin  , Galsan A , Azis M I , Ilyas N , Paharuddin
Published: November 2019

Trigonometrically graded media of anisotropic diffusion coefficient are under consideration. Boundary value problems (BVPs) of such kind of media, governed by a Helmholtz type equation, are solved numerically using a boundary element method (BEM). A technique of transforming the variable coefficient governing equation to a constant coefficient equation is utilized for deriving a boundary integral equation. Some particular problems are considered to illustrate the application of the BEM. The results show convergence, accuracy and consistency between the scattering and flow solutions. The results also show efficiency of the BEM procedure for producing the solutions in a short elapsed computation time length. Moreover the results indicate the effect of large wave number on the accuracy and the impact of the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the material on the solutions.
Numerical simulation of modified Helmholtz boundary value problems for anisotropic exponentially graded materials
Authors: Azis M I , Ilyas N , Nafie N L , Karim A , Hamzah S
Published: November 2019

In this paper we consider the modified Helmholtz type equation governing interior two-dimensional boundary value problems (BVPs) for anisotropic functionally graded materials (FGMs) with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. Persistently spatially changing diffusivity and leakage factor coefficients are involved in the governing equation. Both the anisotropic diffusivity and leakage factor coefficients vary according to an exponential gradation function. We use a technique of transforming the variable coefficient governing equation to a constant coefficient equation for deriving a boundary integral equation. And from the boundary integral equation obtained a standard boundary element method (BEM) is constructed to find numerical solutions to the BVPs. In order to illustrate the application of the BEM, some particular examples of BVPs are solved. The results show the convergence, accuracy, consistency between the scattering and flow solutions and efficiency (less computation time) of the BEM solutions. The results also show the impact of the inhomogeneity and anisotropy of the material on the solutions.
Stability Analysis for Routh-Hurwitz Conditions Using Partial Pivot
Authors: Erawaty N , Kasbawati  , Amir A K
Published: November 2019

Stability analysis of the polynomial characteristic equation is not easy to applied to a high-order system, in this case, it relates to search the roots of the degree n polynomial equation. It is difficult to find the roots of the equation, so stability analysis will be carried out using the stability of Routh-Hurwitz. In this study, a polynomial characteristic equation is given with a degree n with a real coefficient, then applied to the Hurwitz Matrix and a Gauss elimination procedure with a partial pivot is performed, then the growth factor is calculated. The results showed that the polynomial characteristic equation of degree n for Routh-Hurwitz conditions is said to be stable if each zero of the polynomial is located in the half left open field if and only if the elimination procedure can be performed and the optimal value of growth factor is 1.
A boundary element method solution to spatially variable coefficients diffusion convection equation of anisotropic media
Authors: Suryani S , Kusuma J , Ilyas N , Bahri M , Azis M I
Published: November 2019

The diffusion-convection equation with variable coefficients and for anisotropic media which were previously considered by other authors are discussed again in this paper to find their numerical solutions by using the boundary element method (BEM). The numerical results obtained show the consistency and accuracy of the BEM solutions. Also, the solutions exhibit the impact of the anisotropy and inhomogeneity (spatial variability) of the media.
Stability analysis of prey predator model with Holling II functional response and threshold harvesting for the predator
Authors: Yusrianto  , Toaha S , Kasbawati
Published: November 2019

This paper deals with a prey predator model with Holling response function of type II and continuous threshold harvesting in the predator population. The prey grows as a logistic model when there is no interaction with the predator. The predator is assumed decreasing due to natural death and interspecific interaction when there is no interaction with its prey. The existence of the interior equilibrium point is considered and the stability is analysed using linearization and eigenvalues methods. The phase portrait of the model is also used to determine the behaviour of populations. From the analyses of the model with harvesting we found that there exists a stable interior equilibrium point. The predator population will remain sustainable when the size of the populations are initially close enough to the equilibrium point. But when the threshold value is too high and the populations are initially quite far from the equilibrium point, then the predator population may stop being harvested at a certain time. Some numerical simulations are given to confirm the result of analysis.
A dynamic model of Indonesian National Health Insurance participation types
Authors: Listiani A , Alim K , Anggraeni A S , Effendie A R
Published: November 2019

In this paper we will discuss the dynamic model of Indonesian National Health Insurance (JKN) participation number. In this model, we divide JKN participation types into three categories: PBPU, PBI and PPU. The dynamic model is built using ordinary differential equation (ODE) system from a multiple states model that describes the transition of JKN participation types from time to time. The parameters of the model are estimated from data that is refined by an exponential smoothing time series method. As a result, the estimated number of JKN participation for each type until 2045 is obtained.
Analysis of which factors are important in controlling the number of smokers in Indonesia
Authors: Ardiyanti N E , Susyanto N
Published: November 2019

The number of smokers in Indonesia is increasing, making the quality of health of the Indonesian population decrease. In addition, the age of smokers in Indonesia is also getting early. This paper discusses the problem of smoking in Indonesia by dividing the population of non-smokers, smokers, and ex-smokers divided into a population of teenagers and adults. First we will construct a mathematical model for this problem, then we get differential equation system. Next, a sensitivity analysis is carried out to get information about which factors are most important in controlling smoking.
Multi-objective optimization in determining the location of the transportation hub with generated data using nonparametric statistics
Authors: Juman R J , Susyanto N
Published: November 2019

In this paper, we will discuss a mathematical modeling in determining the location of the transportation hub, so that the transportation hub can be placed optimally. In general, determining the location of the transportation hub is only considered the quantitative factors. However, in this paper will also consider the qualitative factor. Multi attribute group decision making (MAGDM) method will be used to bring qualitative forms into quantitative forms. This model is assumed that the number of passengers at a passenger generation point is unknown, therefore in this modeling there is a stochastic constraint. The distribution of the number of passengers in this paper is also unknown, therefore this modeling will be completed using nonparametric statistics estimation with generated data.
The effect of combination ethanol extracts of bitter melon leaves, white turmeric rhizome and bangle rhizome on the sgot-sgpt levels and the liver histopathology profile of rats
Authors: Alam G , Arham Q K , Mamada S S , Massi N
Published: November 2019

The leaves of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L), as well as rhizomes of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) and Bangle (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), are some of the most commonly used plants in Indonesian herbal medicines. It was found that a combination of the three extracts was able to exhibit antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. We aim to observe the toxicity subchronically effect of the ethanol extracts of the plants, particularly in terms of the liver histopathological examination of rat models (Rattus norvegicus). The mixture extract was made into a suspension with various concentrations given for 28 days for 20 rats which were divided evenly into 4 groups. In this present study, The measurement results of SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transferase) and SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transferase) levels from rat blood were taken post-treatment period analyzed using One Way ANOVA showed that SGPT and SGOT did not increase significantly compared to the control group. Histopathological results showed group 1 had a mild le vel of hepatocyte cell damage compared to groups 2 and 3 which had moderate to severe damage.
Gel edasi: Ethosomal gel using cow’s blood as a supportive of healing diabetic foot ulcer
Authors: Lestari D P , Sari N I , Putri H E
Published: November 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic carbohydrate metabolic disorder. Diabetic foot injury is one of the chronic complications of people with diabetes mellitus because it can cause disability and even cause death. Cow blood waste is a waste that can disturb the environment. Components of the chemical elements contained in cow blood include nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic carbon, erythrocytes and leukocytes which function in the body’s defense by fighting infections so that cow blood waste is one alternative solution in the treatment of diabetic feet at a price affordable. Ethosome gel is a gel preparation that has the advantage of penetrating into the skin layer faster and significantly increasing the value of transdermal preparation flux. Based on the results of the study, the desired platelets from cow blood were obtained after sampling from the Makassar city slaughterhouse. The platelets obtained were then weighed as much as 0.5 g, 1 g, and 1.5 g to make a gel formula with a carbopol base of 1%. The gel that has been made is then evaluated like a homogeneous and clear gel physical examination. The pH obtained in formulas 1, 2 and 3 is 6.43; 7.00; and 6.80. The formula 1 has a viscosity of 47,342.6 cps and the formula 2 has a viscosity of 45,678.5 cps while formula 3 has viscosity 35,456.7 cps. In the stability test the results obtained were that the preparation did not experience changes in color and odor.
Mixed Multiplex Allele-Specific PCR (MiMAS-PCR) test for rapid detection of MDR and XDR-TB from the sputum of pulmonary TB patients
Authors: Massi M N , Subair  , Hidayah N , Wulandari A A , Abidin R S , Handayani I , Rafiah S , Halik H
Published: November 2019

Until now, Multi-Drug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) and Extended Drug-Resistant TB (XDR-TB) are still challenging to detect rapidly, since the gold standard culture method takes at least eight weeks to achieve diagnostic results. In this research, we designed a rapid and accurate detection method to detect MDR and XDR-TB using a technique which identifies specific genes encoding susceptibility to first and second-line anti-TB drugs combined in a PCR technique called Mixed Multiplex Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (MiMAS-PCR) directly from sputum specimens. From total 117 sputum samples, The MiMAS-PCR test demonstrated 98.4% and 100% specificity in MDR-TB and XDR-TB detection, respectively, but the sensitivity is only suitable for rapid detection of XDR-TB (100%), not for MDR-TB (43.9%). The MiMAS-PCR technique is suitable for the rapid detection of XDR-TB (in this study, only one sample), but not for MDR-TB from the sputum specimens. Other methods are required to identify MDR-TB rapidly for early treatment and to prevent spread to their surrounding contacts.
Optimization of extraction and quality assessment based on physicochemical properties of Carrageenan from red algae (Kappaphycus alvarezii) origin of South Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Syaharuddin
Published: November 2019

One of the compounds that can be developed as raw material for drugs or excipients is carrageenan which can be obtained from the red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii. This species of red algae was chosen as the object of research because in addition to its high carrageenan content, this species is easily found in the waters of South Sulawesi Indonesia. This research was started with collecting, washing and processing the red algae, then carrageenan extraction was carried out using the modified extraction method. The extracted products were separated, purified and dried to obtain carrageenan raw materials. Then, the products were analyzed physically and chemically, and also using spectrophotometry and chromatography to ensure that carrageenan obtained meets the quality standards as excipient raw materials in pharmaceutical preparations. The results obtained were that Kappaphycus alvarezii red algae raw material fulfil the quality of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and carrageenan produced meet the quality standards of carrageenan according to Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) and European Economic Community (EEC).
Prenylated flavon and antibacterial activities of Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb bark
Authors: Hamsidar  , Soekamto N H , Syah Y M , Firdaus  , Elvira
Published: November 2019

Prenylated flavone compounds, 14-hydroxyartonin E have been isolated from CHCl3 extract of Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb bark. The molecular structure compound was determined based on the UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR HSQC, HMBC spectra and compared to the previous data reported.14-hydroxyartonin E compound provides antibacterial activity with a moderate category against Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus but the category is weak against Escherichiacoli and Salmonella thyposa
α –Glucosidase inhibitory activity of breadfruit leaf extract (Artocarpus altilis (parkinson) fosberg)
Authors: Rante H , Alam G , Irwan M
Published: November 2019

Breadfruit plant has been empirically used by the society as antidiabetic. The aim of this study is to understand the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity of bread fruit leaves (Artocarpus altilis) and their phytochemical profile. The varieties of leaf used were the yellow and green breadfruit leaves. Each was extracted with multiple maceration using n-hexane and 70% ethanol as solvents. From the phytochemistry identification, it was found that the ethanol extract of green breadfruit leaf contains alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpene/steroid, polyphenol, while the yellow breadfruit leaf contains flavonoid and triterpene/steroid. The result of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity test shows that ethanol extracts of both yellow and green breadfruit leaf (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Forberg) have the greatest enzyme inhibitory activity with IC50 of 9.07 and 11.01 ppm, respectively, compared to the n-hexane extracts of both yellow and green breadfruit leaf with IC50 of 16.16 and 23.24 ppm, respectively. Meanwhile, the positive control, acarbose has the strongest inhibitory activity with IC50 of 6.79 ppm.
Paliasa (Kleinhovia hospita L.) Hepatoprotector “Tea Bag” preparation as supporting therapy in the use of fixed-dose combination of antituberculosis drugs
Authors: Tayeb R , Alam G , Pakki E , Djabir Y Y
Published: November 2019

The use of fixed-dose combination of antituberculosis drugs (FDC-TB) is used as firstline treatment in tuberculosis. These drugs also have side effects that can damage the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of the paliasa “Tea Bag” hepatoprotector preparation on ALT and AST levels in rats as a supporting therapy for the use of FDC-TB. 20 rats and were divided into 5 groups, Group I was given 1% NaCMC, group II was given FDC-TB suspension, group III was given paliasa tea, group IV was given paliasa tea, and group V was given curcuma suspension, 4 hours later in group III and IV was given FDC-TB suspension, after that 4 hours later again group IV was given paliasa tea. Treatment was given 28 days orally. After the last 24 hours of treatment, blood sampling and measurement using a humanolyzer were carried out. The results showed that the administration of Paliasa Tea Bag can be used as supporting therapy with the use of 2 times a day. It was concluded that the administration of paliasa “tea bag” showed hepatoprotective activity in reducing ALT and AST levels following administration of fixed-dose combination antituberculosis drugs for 28 days.
Toxicity test of stem bark extract of banyuru (Pterospermum celebicum miq.) using BSLT (brine shrimp lethality test) and cream irritation test
Authors: Marzuki A , Rahman L , Mamada S S
Published: November 2019

A study to observe toxic effect of ethanol extract of Pterospermum celebicum Miq. by using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) has been carried out. The method to do this study was irritation test of cream formula of the extract. The aim of this study was to collect data about toxicity of fractionated extract of P. celebicum Miq. on Artemia salina by using BSLT method according to LC50 value obtained from probit analysis. The extract was extracted by maceration method using ethanol as solvent which was then formulated as cream containing 3% of P. celebicum Miq. extract. The toxicity test revealed that the value of LC50 was 15.15 µg/mL, while irritation test stated that no erythema and edema observed.
Energetics of internal tides over the Sangihe-Talaud ridge - Sulawesi sea
Authors: Hermansyah H , Atmadipoera A S , Prartono T , Jaya I , Syamsudin F
Published: November 2019

An estimate of energetic barotropic and baroclinic tides over Sangihe-Talaud ridge (STR) - Sulawesi Sea is carried out by using a three-dimensional ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) ocean model. The model is validated with satellite data. The estimate of tidal energy consists of generation, radiation, and dissipation. The model identified the generating internal tide area with strong barotropic-to-baroclinic conversion (above 10 kW/m) over S-T ridge. Away from this generating internal tides area that is in deep Sulawesi Sea basin, energy conversion is very weak (below 10−3Wm−2). Baroclinic energy is mostly dissipated in area near the coast. From the total of 9.45 GW (100%) of barotropic-to-baroclinic energy conversion, about 7.19 GW (76%) is converted into baroclinic energy through the generation of internal tide and about 4.13 GW (57%) of this baroclinic energy radiate to deep open sea. Distribution of tidal energy is highly dependent on topographic features. Estimate of strong vertical eddy diffusivity (KV) over the steep S-T ridge varies between 10−3 and 10−2 m2/s, in contrast to the weak KV in deep flat Sulawesi basin of about 10−4 m2/s.
A boundary element method for anisotropic-diffusion convection-reaction equation in quadratically graded media of incompressible flow
Authors: Salam N , Suriamihardja D A , Tahir D , Azis M I , Rusdi E S
Published: November 2019

A boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to find numerical solutions to boundary value problems of quadratically graded media governed by a spatially varying coefficients anisotropic-diffusion convection-reaction (DCR) equation. The variable coefficients equation is firstly transformed into a constant coefficients equation for which a boundary integral equation can be formulated. A BEM is then derived from the boundary integral equation. Some problems are considered. A FORTRAN script is developed for the computation of the solutions. The numerical solutions verify the validity of the analysis used to derive the boundary element method with accurate and consistent solutions. The computation shows that the BEM procedure elapses very efficient time in producing the solutions. In addition, results obtained for the considered examples show the effect of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the media on the solutions. An example of a layered material is presented as an illustration of the application.
Diffusion convection-reaction equation in exponentially graded media of incompressible flow: Boundary element method solutions
Authors: Raya I , Firdaus  , Azis M I , Siswanto  , Jalil A R
Published: November 2019

We setup boundary value problems (BVPs) for exponentially graded media. The BVPs are governed by a diffusion convection-reaction (DCR) equation of spatially varying coefficients (with an anisotropic diffusion coefficient). A boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to find numerical solutions to BVPs. The numerical solutions obtained verify the validity of the analysis used to derive the BEM with accurate and consistent solutions. The computation shows that the BEM procedure elapses very efficient time in producing the solutions. In addition, the results show the effect of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the media on the solutions. To illustrate the application, an example of a layered material is presented.
Hypocenter relocation analysis of 7.5 Mw Palu and its aftershocks: A preliminary result
Authors: Ramdhan M , Priyobudi
Published: November 2019

The earthquake that occurred in the Palu city and its surroundings on September 28, 2018, with a magnitude of 7.5 Mw caused a lot of casualties and infrastructure damages. Tsunami and liquefaction are secondary effects that contribute significantly to these two losses. The earthquake occurred at the Palu Koro Fault with a strike-slip mechanism. The BMKG seismic network successfully recorded aftershocks caused by the earthquake. Hypocenter relocation using the double-difference method is applied in this study to analyze the mainshock and its aftershocks so that the fault geometry of the earthquake can be known clearly. This study used the BMKG earthquake catalog at coordinates 40S-10N and 1180-1220E until the end of December 2018. The results show an improvement in the hypocenter position with loss of fix depth at a depth of 10 km so that the area can be interpreted tectonically. The results also show that the majority of the earthquakes beneath the fault are at a depth of less than 25 km. The relocated hypocenter parameters are very useful as a database for further tectonic studies that are useful for earthquake disaster mitigation in the area.
Numerical simulation for anisotropic-diffusion convection reaction problems of inhomogeneous media
Authors: Jalil A R , Azis M I , Amir S , Bahri M , Hamzah S
Published: November 2019

A boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to find numerical solutions to boundary value problems of inhomogeneous media governed by a spatially varying coefficients anisotropic-diffusion convection-reaction equation. The variable coefficients equation is firstly transformed into a constant coefficients equation for which a boundary integral equation can be formulated. A BEM is then derived from the boundary integral equation. Some problems are considered. A FORTRAN script is developed for the computation of the solutions. The numerical solutions verify the validity of the analysis used to derive the boundary element method with accurate and consistent solutions. The computation shows that the BEM procedure elapses very efficient time in producing the solutions. In addition, results obtained for the considered examples show the effect of anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the media on the solutions. An example of a layered material is presented as an illustration of the application.
A numerical study on the effect of the material’s anisotropy in diffusion convection reaction problems
Authors: Rauf N , Halide H , Haddade A , Suriamihardja D A , Azis M I
Published: November 2019

A boundary element method (BEM) is utilized to find numerical solutions to boundary value problems of homogeneous media governed by as anisotropic-diffusion convection-reaction (DCR) equation. Some problems are considered. A FORTRAN script is developed for the computation of the solutions. The numerical solutions verify the validity of the analysis used to derive the boundary element method with accurate and consistent solutions. The computation shows that the BEM procedure elapses very efficient time in producing the solutions. In addition, results obtained for the considered examples show the effect of the anisotropy of the media on the solutions.
Composites Based Ordinary Portland Cement and Fe2O3 for X-Ray Shield Applications
Authors: Riswati  , Mutmainna I , Rauf N , Tahir D
Published: November 2019

The shielding material of X-Ray has been synthesized from Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as a matrix and Fe2O3 (FE) as a filler by four different composition are A1, A2, A3 and A4 for 0 wt%, 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 15 wt% of Fe2O3, respectively. The matrix and filler materials are characterized using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). For OPC-FE composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Mobile X ray with tube voltages are 63 kV & 73 kV and 85 kV for each samples to analyze the absorption characteristics. The results obtained showed that the dose reduction of X-Ray radiation increases with increasing wt% of FE, but decreased with increasing tube voltage. The best results were obtained on A4 samples when the tube voltage is 63 kV, the value of μ is 0.22 mm-1, HVL is 3.12 mm, and the absorption from the X-Ray radiation source is 98.82%.
Evaluation of performance levels of CT scan dual slice using phantom ACR
Authors: Rahayuddin A , Abdullah B , Tahir D
Published: November 2019

Research on evaluation of the modality of Dual Slice CT Scan using phantom ACR has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of Dual Slice CT Scan in a period of three consecutive years namely 2016, 2017 and 2018. Evaluation of the quality of Dual Slice CT Scan in the form of CT Number accuracy, CT Number uniformity, noise uniformity, and the linearity of the CT Number. This study uses a quantitative analysis method of participatory observation. The values ''of CT numbered accuracy, CT number uniformity, noise uniformity and CT number linearity are calculated as the average value and the standard deviation value in the last three years. The analysis shows that the CT Number Accuracy increasing from 0.73 for 2016 to 1.32 for 2018 and similar for CT Number uniformity is 1.04 for 2016 and increase to 1.43 for 2018.
Fabrication of Milk Fat Sensor based on Plastic Optical Fiber
Authors: Angrasari F , Arifin A , Abdullah B
Published: November 2019

The research about milk fat content based on plastic optical fiber sensor using gamma and spiral spring without cladding configurations has been reported. LED light transmitted through the plastic optical fiber to be received by the phototransistor. Changes in milk fat content affect the light intensity received by the phototransistor. Sensor output voltage amplified by a differential amplifier and then the analog signal converted into the digital signal by the Arduino Uno microcontroller furthermore, the output voltage read on a computer. The milk fat content sample with a percentage of 0.773 % to 4.473 % affect the propagation of light in the core of plastic optical fiber results in power losses that occur so that the light intensity decreases and the output voltage measured becomes smaller. The results showed that the higher the milk fat content, the sensor output voltage decreases. The best measurements obtained on the spiral spring configuration with 4 windings produce value range 0.044 V, sensitivity 11.887 mV/%, and a resolution of 0.084 %. This method is effective as well as efficiently used as milk fat sensor because it has good sensitivity and resolution.
Dispersion analysis of SO2 pollutants caused by sugar industry of PT. Makassar Tene
Authors: Putra R A , Assegaf A H , Suryani S
Published: November 2019

National sugar production only reached 2.756 million tons in 2014. This number has not been able to meet total consumption of 5.396 million tons. The steam boiler stack generated from coal combustion process in sugar production produces sulfur dioxide gas waste. This research purpose was used as simulation tool to determine the concentration of emissions produced at distance, time, the dispersion of emissions direction, and the type of distribution patterns. The research method was the American Meteorological Society - Environmental Protection Agency Regulations Model (AERMOD). The data input of the AERMOD model consisted of meteorology data, stack emissions, and topography for past 5 years. Meteorological data processed by AERMET was taken from the Hasanuddin station (ID WMO 971800 / WAAA). The topographic data was obtained from the AERMAP model which was downloaded and processed using SRTM3 coordinate data. The result of the AERMOD model was the isopleth map which showed the dispersion pattern of pollutants with different concentrations. The SO2 concentration value of 6.91348 μg/m3 was the highest value that occurred at 1 hour measurement since the pollutant was emitted from the stack located 293 meters from the emission source (UTM 774635.04 m and 9435968.83 m).
Reconstruction of Conceptual Model in Mataloko Geothermal Field (Nusa Tenggara Timur)
Authors: Fauziyah Y H , Daud Y
Published: November 2019

Mataloko Geothermal field is administratively located in the Todabelu Village, Golewa District, Ngada, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) within 10 km to the east-southeast of Bajawa, the capital Ngada. Shallow reservoir is located in the rock alteration were identified as claycap zone. The formation of the reservoir zones in claycap zone is caused by normal faults Wae Luja that pass through this area, where this fault which causes the formation of fractures in this zone and as a channel entry of fluid from the reservoir into the shallow reservoir.Development of conceptual model is started by interpreting geosciences data (geology, geochemistry, geophysics). The first step is reprocessing of Magnetotelluric (MT) data as the main data. It is then integrated with the analysis results of geology, geochemistry, geophysics data to generate a conceptual model. The evidence by the temperature wells around 287.8°C from Geothermometer gas calculation (D'Amore dan Panichi).
Complex conjugate for second-order derivative of 2D analytic signal of magnetic field anomaly
Authors: Manan A
Published: November 2019

The complex conjugate approach for the second-order derivative of a function was obtained by truncating the Taylor series whose function has been expanded around x in the h-term in the complex conjugate argument. This approach was composed to resemble the Central-Difference form of the ordinary Finite-Difference Method. After being tested by comparing it with manual solution, this method was very accurate with relative errors obtained in the range of 0.088271927039904⩽RE⩽6.679993448987438x10−07. The combination of step h and interval δx in the formula of this approach that was appropriate for obtaining optimal computational results were h=1.0x10−13 and δx = 1.0x10−10. Finding the appropriate combination of h and δx could be done easily and quickly, requiring no special treatment. The computational results of the derivatives were then used to compute second-order 2D Analytic Signals of magnetic field anomalies. Illustratively, Analytic Signal could transform bipolarity of magnetic data into positive polarity so that it would be very useful in processing and interpreting actual data.
Application of Geoelectrical Resistivity Method for Groundwater Exploration Using Wenner-Schlumberger Configuration in Sampakang, Maros Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Syamsuddin E , Haris N A , Mustafa N S , Swastika D A , Nurdin N H
Published: November 2019

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries that only has two seasons, namely the dry season and the rainy season. The prolonged dry season caused the villagers in Sampakang having difficulties in obtaining clean water sources. This research conducted in Sampakang, Maros, Indonesia aims to obtain groundwater that can be used as a spring for villagers. The research was conducted using the Geoelectrical Resistivity Method Wenner Schlumberger configuration with a total trajectory of 56 m. The results of the analysis showed that the soil structure consists of shallow groundwater and the RMS error is 2.2%. Where the thickness of the aquifer layer is 9 m and was found at a depth of 2.5 m-11.5 m. Aquifer layer in the form of alluvium deposits with a resistivity value of about <10.9 Ωm-100 Ωm. There is a permeable layer in the form of limestone in a depth of 9.6 m with resistivity value at >100 Ωm.