bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heart rate and age modulate retinal pulsatile patterns
Authors: Labounková Ivana , Labounek René , Kolář Radim , Tornow Ralf P. , Babbs Charles F. , McClelland Collin M. , Miller Benjamin R. , Nestrašil Igor
Published: June 2022

Theoretical models of retinal hemodynamics showed the modulation of retinal pulsatile patterns (RPPs) by heart rate (HR), yet in-vivo validation and scientific merit of this biological process is lacking. Such evidence is critical for result interpretation, study design, and (patho-)physiological modeling of human biology spanning applications in various medical specialties. In retinal hemodynamic video-recordings, we characterize the morphology of RPPs and assess the impact of modulation by HR or other variables. Principal component analysis isolated two RPPs, i.e., spontaneous venous pulsation (SVP) and optic cup pulsation (OCP). Heart rate modulated SVP and OCP morphology (pFDR < 0.05); age modulated SVP morphology (pFDR < 0.05). In addition, age and HR demonstrated the effect on between-group differences. This knowledge greatly affects future study designs, analyses of between-group differences in RPPs, and biophysical models investigating relationships between RPPs, intracranial, intraocular pressures, and cardiovascular physiology.
Unravelling the potential of sustainable aviation fuels to decarbonise the aviation sector
Authors: Gonzalez-Garay Andres , Heuberger-Austin Clara , Fu Xiao , Klokkenburg Mark , Zhang Di , van der Made Alexander , Shah Nilay
Published: June 2022

Sustainable aviation fuels can cut emissions of the aviation sector. Using a holistic approach to transform solar energy into fuels, we discuss the scale of resources consumed, technology deployed, and regional drivers for their network development.
Effect of the magnetic field produced by a Halbach array magnetizer on water UV absorption, removal of scale and change in calcium carbonate polymorphs
Authors: Sronsri Chuchai , Sittipol Wanpasuk , U-yen Kongpop
Published: June 2022

According to the UV absorption, scale removal, and aragonite CaCO3 proportion results, the dual Halbach array magnetizer exhibited the highest magnetic performance.
Rapid detection of phycotoxin domoic acid in seawater and seafood based on the developed lateral flow immunoassay
Authors: Hendrickson Olga D. , Zvereva Elena A. , Solopova Olga N. , Varlamov Nikolay E. , Shemchukova Olga B. , Zherdev Anatoly V. , Sveshnikov Peter G. , Dzantiev Boris B.
Published: June 2022

A lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) of phycotoxin domoic acid (DA) contaminating seawater and marine organisms was developed in this investigation.
Hydrophobic cavity-directed azide-acetyllysine photochemistry for profiling non-histone interacting partners of bromodomain protein 1
Authors: Kuwik Jordan , Wagner Shana , Sudhamalla Babu , Debiec Ronald , Islam Kabirul
Published: June 2022

Bromodomain-containing protein 1 (BRD1) was engineered to carry photo-activatable amino acid for characterization of non-histone interacting partners.
A thin free-standing composite solid electrolyte film for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Wu Lingqiao , Guo Xianwei , Ding Peipei , Lin Zhiyuan , Wang Yinzhong , Yin Xin , Yu Haijun
Published: June 2022

A thin free-standing CSE film of 15 μm is prepared with a wide electrochemical stability window and high ionic conductivity.
Relationship between ZSM-5 pore modifications and gallium proximity and liquid hydrocarbon number distribution from ethanol oligomerization
Authors: Seemala Bhogeswararao , Wyman Charles E.
Published: June 2022

Effect of ZSM-5 pore modification and gallium ions proximity inside the zeolite channels on ethanol conversion to liquid hydrocarbon yields.
Ru doping boosts electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Yang Xin , Liu Yan , Guo Ruike , Xiao Jiafu
Published: June 2022

Recent progress of Ru-doped electrocatalysts for water splitting is systematically reviewed.
Targeting gut microbial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) by diet supplements: new insights into dietary modulation of human health
Authors: Yang Yanan , Wu Chongming
Published: June 2022

Dietary supplements could modulate the abundance of BSH-producing bacteria to regulate the BSH enzyme activity, thereby change the BAs composition to regulate FXR signaling, which then regulate human health.
Photoinduced degradation of thermally stable Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskites by micro-Raman studies
Authors: C. Dakshinamurthy Athrey , Sudakar C.
Published: June 2022

This study brings out the photoinduced thermal instability in an otherwise thermally stable Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite.
Activated carbon derived from glutinous riceviagamma radiolysis for lithium–sulfur battery cathodes
Authors: Anantachaisilp Suranan , Limmeechokchai Passavorn , Sirilapyanonth Kanok , Moungsombat Sukpawat , Kaenket Surasak , Utapong Teerawat , Kwamman Tanagorn
Published: June 2022

Although lithium–sulfur batteries have high theoretical capacities (1675 mA h g−1), an irreversible charge/discharge process (shuttle effect) due to polysulfide and insulating lithium sulfide formation causes the death of battery cells.
Engineering of a self-supported carbon electrode with 2D ultrathin heterostructures of NiCo LDH/NiCoS via a MOF-template for sensitive detection of glucose and H2O2
Authors: Wang Lili , Li Jiahui , Zhao Yibing , He Haojia , Zheng Linlin , Huang Zejia , Zhao Xu , Xu Junqing , Wang Bing , Yin Zhen
Published: June 2022

A self-supported carbon electrode consisting of 2D ultrathin heterostructures of NiCo LDH/NiCoS exhibits superior performance for glucose and H2O2 sensing.
A GO/CoMo3S13 chalcogel heterostructure with rich catalytic Mo–S–Co bridge sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ha Thanh Duy Cam , Do Ha Huu , Lee Heehyeon , Ha Nguyen Ngoc , Ha Nguyen Thi Thu , Ahn Sang Hyun , Oh Youngtak , Kim Soo Young , Kim Myung-Gil
Published: June 2022

This article proposes an efficient GO/CoMo3S13 chalcogel heterostructure catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction through the synergetic combination of the active Mo–S–Co bridge sites with shortened charge transport on graphene oxide.
Manipulation of 2DEG at double-doped high-entropy heterointerfaces
Authors: Yin Hang , Yang Ruishu , Wang Shuanhu , Jin Kexin
Published: June 2022

This work constructs high-entropy oxide interfaces by double doping with a high doping ratio and different thicknesses, and various phenomena are studied.
Novel boron nitride MXenes as promising energy storage materials
Authors: Muraleedharan Murali Gopal , Kent Paul R. C.
Published: June 2022

MXenes are promising materials for rechargeable metal ion batteries and supercapacitors due to their high energy storage capacities, high electrical and ionic conductivities, and ease of synthesis.
State-of-the-art, opportunities, and challenges in bottom-up synthesis of polymers with high thermal conductivity
Authors: Liu Yurui , Zhou Yijie , Xu Yanfei
Published: June 2022

The ongoing research activities in the fields of bottom-up synthesis of thermally conductive polymers and thermal transport mechanisms in polymers are reviewed. Perspectives on developing polymers with high thermal conductivities are discussed.
Reactive template-engaged synthesis of Ni-doped Co3S4 hollow and porous nanospheres with optimal electronic modulation toward high-efficiency electrochemical oxygen evolution
Authors: Yang Bing , Gu Chengjun , Zhao Qun , Zhou Guangyao , Xu Lin , Pang Huan
Published: June 2022

Ni-doped Co3S4 hollow and porous nanoflowers are synthesized via a self-sacrificial reactive template-engaged strategy. The obtained sample with optimal electronic structure exhibits excellent oxygen evolution performance.
Metal-free and Selectfluor-mediated diverse transformations of 2-alkylthiobenzamides to access 2,3-dihydrobenzothiazin-4-ones, benzoisothiazol-3-ones and 2-alkylthiobenzonitriles
Authors: Dai Shengfei , Yang Ke , Luo Yanqi , Xu Ziyuan , Li Zhi , Li Zhengyi , Li Bijin , Sun Xiaoqiang
Published: June 2022

Diverse transformations of 2-alkylthiobenzamides have been established to synthesize 2,3-dihydrobenzothiazin-4-ones, benzoisothiazol-3-ones and 2-alkylthiobenzonitriles in the presence of Selectfluor.
Ruthenium-catalyzed meta-difluoromethylation of arene phosphines enabled by 1,3-dione
Authors: Xu Wen-Qian , Tao Jun-Yang , Liu Yue-Jin , Zeng Ming-Hua
Published: June 2022

A highly efficient, meta-selective difluoromethylation of arene phosphines has been developed with ruthenium catalysis using 1,3-dione as an effective ligand.
Stereocontrolled access to δ-lactone-fused-γ-lactams bearing angular benzylic quaternary stereocenters
Authors: Beng Timothy K. , Rodriguez Morgan J. , Borg Claire
Published: June 2022

The catalytic halolactonization of readily affordable γ-lactam-tethered alkenoic acids has facilitated the site-selective, efficient, and stereocontrolled synthesis of halogenated fused γ-lactam-δ-lactones.
Nickel-catalysed diversification of phosphine ligands by formal substitution at phosphorus
Authors: Roediger Sven , Leutenegger Sebastian U. , Morandi Bill
Published: June 2022

Phosphine substituents can be exchanged by standard alkylation of a phosphine and a subsequent dearylation of the resulting phosphonium salt. A wide variety of alkyl groups can be introduced into both mono- and bidentate ligands using this method.
Machine learning and semi-empirical calculations: a synergistic approach to rapid, accurate, and mechanism-based reaction barrier prediction
Authors: Farrar Elliot H. E. , Grayson Matthew N.
Published: June 2022

A synergistic approach that combines machine learning with semi-empirical methods enables the fast and accurate prediction of DFT-quality reaction barriers, with mechanistic insights available from semi-empirical transition state geometries.
Breaking action–reaction with active apolar colloids: emergent transport and velocity inversion
Authors: Codina Joan , Massana-Cid Helena , Tierno Pietro , Pagonabarraga Ignacio
Published: June 2022

We investigate the emergence of propulsion in assembled colloidal clusters formed by passive and catalytic active particles. We show that, for a dimer, increasing the size of the cargo the pair displays a reversal in the propulsion speed and we provide an explanation for this phenomenon.
Correction: Effect of network topology and crosslinker reactivity on microgel structure and ordering at liquid–liquid interface
Authors: Gumerov Rustam A. , Rudyak Vladimir Yu. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Chertovich Alexander V. , Potemkin Igor I.
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘Effect of network topology and crosslinker reactivity on microgel structure and ordering at liquid–liquid interface’ by Rustam A. Gumerov et al., Soft Matter, 2022, 18, 3738–3747, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2SM00269H.
Highly efficient phenanthroline-based organic anode materials with a three-electron redox mechanism
Authors: Jia Kangkang , Liu Haitao , Huang Guimei , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Xiaorui , Li Lu , Zhu Linna , Wu Fei
Published: June 2022

Phenanthroline dicarboxylate (S-PD) as an anode material provides three redox sites; N atoms also provide additional active sites, apart from the two carboxylic acid sites.
Impact of peripheral groups on pyrimidine acceptor-based HLCT materials for efficient deep blue OLED devices
Authors: Zhen Yinzhao , Zhang Fei , Liu Hongli , Yan Yifei , Li Xianggao , Wang Shirong
Published: June 2022

Two pyrimidine acceptor-based HLCT materials of different peripheral groups were designed and reported for efficient deep blue OLED devices.
CO2 removal and 1.5 °C: what, when, where, and how?
Authors: Chiquier Solene , Fajardy Mathilde , Mac Dowell Niall
Published: June 2022

We investigate how different CDR options—afforestation/reforestation (AR), bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), and direct air carbon capture and storage (DACCS)—might be deployed to meet the Paris Agreement's CDR objectives.
Bewegung und Ernährung bei multimodalen Adipositasprogrammen-
wie unterscheiden sich die angebotenen Programme und welche Ergebnisse sind zu
erwarten?
Authors: Oberänder Nadine , Weimann Arved
Published: June 2022

Leitliniengerecht wird Patienten mit morbider Adipositas (Body Mass Index
(BMI)≥40 kg/m2 bzw. BMI≥35 kg/m2
mit schwerwiegenden Begleiterkrankungen) primär ein multimodales
Gewichtsreduktionsprogramm empfohlen, welches die essentiellen Module Verhalten,
Ernährung und Bewegung beinhaltet. Das Ziel ist in jedem Fall die
Umstellung des Lebensstils. Die in Deutschland angebotenen Programme
unterscheiden sich sowohl in der Intensität der Module als auch in der
Gewichtsreduktion. Oft lässt sich keine Standardisierung finden.
Während Programme ohne Formulaernährung einen relativen
Gewichtsverlust (RWL) von ca. 4% bzw. 6,9% erzielen,
können Programme mit Formulaernährung einem RWL von ca.
14–23% nachweisen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass hohe
Gewichtsreduktionen auch durch konservative Adipositasprogramme erzielt werden
und intensive multimodale Programme hocheffektiv sein können. Ein
flächendeckendes Angebot dieser Intensivprogramme mit standardisierter
Sporttherapie ist aktuell nicht gegeben, sollte aber aufgrund der Datenlage
diskutiert werden.
Ernährung und Bewegung – Das Konzept der
Prähabilitation vor großen Tumoroperationen
Authors: Oberhoffner Christin , Fischer Martin , Weimann Arved , Wobith Maria
Published: June 2022

Einleitung Mit dem Ziel des Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) gewinnt
bei Risikopatienten die präoperative Phase zur optimalen Konditionierung
an Bedeutung, um damit auch das Risiko von postoperativen Komplikationen zu
vermindern. Prähabilitation als multimodales Modell bestehend aus
Ernährungstherapie, Kraft- und Ausdauertraining, sowie psychologischer
Unterstützung soll es ermöglichen, dass Patienten
selbstständig daran mitwirken können, bestmöglich
für eine Operation vorbereitet zu sein und sich schneller von den
eventuell auftretenden Nachwirkungen zu erholen. Ein optimierter
Ernährungszustand und eine Verbesserung der Belastbarkeit bilden dabei
die Basis, um ein individuell an den Patienten angepasstes Programm zu
erstellen.

Methoden Das circa 6-wöchige Prähabilitationsprogramm
für Patienten besteht aus Mobilitäts- und Kraftübungen,
Hausbesuchen, einer Ernährungstherapie und psychologischer
Unterstützung. Eingeschlossen werden Hoch-Risiko-Patienten vor
großen abdominalchirurgischen Tumoroperationen, die mindestens 70 Jahre
alt sind, einen ASA-Score von 3 oder 4 haben und bei denen die Indikationen
für eine neoadjuvante Therapie besteht. Ausgewertet werden
Ernährungsstatus, Tests zur funktionellen Belastbarkeit, dem kognitiven
Zustand und ein Fragebogen zur Beurteilung der Lebensqualität zu Beginn,
mehrfach während des Programms und postoperativ.

Schlussfolgerung Durch die intensive und engmaschige Betreuung, sowie der
Chance, dass Patienten selber etwas aktiv beisteuern können, besteht die
Möglichkeit die besten Voraussetzungen zu schaffen, um Einfluss auf das
Outcome der Operation zu erlangen. Eine Senkung der Komplikationsrate, eine
Verkürzung der Krankenhausverweildauer und ein schnelleres
Zurückerlangen der Mobilität stehen dabei im Vordergrund.
Bewegung und Ernährung – Sicht der
Physiotherapie
Authors: Stöver Kathrin
Published: June 2022

Zum Kerngeschäft der Physiotherapie gehört die Bewegungstherapie.
Sie ist ärztlich indizierte und verordnete Bewegung, die von
Fachtherapeut*innen ausgeführt wird. Das Ziel der
physiotherapeutischen Behandlung in Bezug auf den Bewegungsapparat ist es
einerseits willentliche Bewegungen anzubahnen, zu fördern, zu erhalten
und zu trainieren, andererseits pathologische Bewegungsmuster zu hemmen bzw.
abzubauen. Muskelaufbau und die Erhöhung der kardiopulmonalen
Belastbarkeit mittels Training gehören ebenso zu den Zielsetzungen der
Bewegungstherapie. Eine angepasste, adäquate Ernährung ist dabei
erforderlich, um den entsprechenden Energiebedarf abzudecken. Das trifft auf
kritisch kranke Patient*innen genauso zu, wie auf Patient*innen
mit Adipositas oder Mangelernährung.
Blutflussrestriktionstraining zur akuten und chronischen
Schmerzreduktion in der orthopädischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Bielitzki Robert , Behrendt Tom , Behrens Martin , Schega Lutz
Published: June 2022

Körperliche Aktivität in Form von Kraft- und Ausdauertraining
kann zu einer akuten übungsinduzierten Hypoalgesie und chronischen
Schmerzreduktion führen. Studien zeigen, dass vor allem hochintensive
körperliche Aktivitäten diesen Effekt herbeiführen
können. Insbesondere nach Verletzungen oder orthopädischen
Eingriffen sind Patienten häufig mit lokalen Schmerzsensationen im
Bereich geschädigter bzw. operierter Strukturen konfrontiert und
könnten von akuten und chronischen hypoalgetischen Effekten profitieren.
Aufgrund möglicher vorliegender Gewebsschädigungen sind diese
Patienten in der frührehabilitativen Phase jedoch zumeist nicht in der
Lage, hohe mechanische Belastungen zu tolerieren, was Therapeuten im Rahmen der
orthopädischen Rehabilitation vor große Herausforderungen
stellt. In diesem Kontext scheint das Blutflussrestriktionstraining
(BFR-Training) eine effektive Methode für die Reduktion von akuten und
chronischen Schmerzen zu sein. Beim BFR-Training wird der Blutfluss
während körperlicher Aktivität durch die proximale
Applikation von Manschetten an den Extremitäten reduziert. Die dadurch
induzierten Prozesse führen trotz geringerer mechanischer
Trainingsbelastung zu einer hohen metabolischen Beanspruchung, die der eines
hochintensiven körperlichen Trainings entspricht. Vor diesem Hintergrund
stellt sich die Frage, inwiefern ein BFR-Training vergleichbare hypoalgetische
Effekte erzielen kann wie ein klassisches hochintensives Training. Der
vorliegende Übersichtsbeitrag stellt die aktuelle Evidenz für
die durch ein BFR-Training induzierte akute und chronische Schmerzreduktion
sowie die potenziellen Wirkungsmechanismen vor, aus denen nachfolgend
Empfehlungen für die therapeutische Anwendung innerhalb des
Rehabilitationsprozesses abgeleitet werden.
Diagnostische Güte des FAHW-12 – Exemplarische
Darstellung einer Diagnosestudie
Authors: Wydra Georg
Published: June 2022

Bei der Darstellung von Testverfahren für den Gesundheitssport und die
Sporttherapie erfolgt weitestgehend eine Orientierung an den Haupt- und
Nebengütekriterien: Objektivität, Reliabilität und
Validität bzw. Normierbarkeit und Ökonomie. In der Medizin und
auch in der Physiotherapie werden darüber hinaus auch Maßzahlen
der diagnostischen Güte genannt. Es geht um die Frage, wie gut ein
Testverfahren Personen mit bzw. ohne Auffälligkeiten oder
Schwierigkeiten unterscheiden kann. Dies zu klären, ist die Aufgabe von
Diagnosestudien. In der einschlägigen eher sozialwissenschaftlich
orientierten Testliteratur werden Maße der diagnostischen Güte
im Gegensatz zum medizinisch-therapeutischen Milieu kaum thematisiert.

Am Beispiel des FAHW-12, eines Screening-Tests zur Beurteilung des Wohlbefindens,
wird aufgezeigt, welche Maße der diagnostischen Güte von
Bedeutung sind und wie sie bestimmt werden können.

Am häufigsten werden die Sensitivität und Spezifität
genannt. Diese Werte werden über sog. Vierfeldertafeln berechnet. Beide
Werte bedingen sich gegenseitig negativ. Eine Erhöhung der
Sensitivität geht immer zu Lasten der Spezifität und umgekehrt.
Bei einer maximalen Sensitivität eines Tests werden fast alle Patienten
als krank klassifiziert. Dann werden aber auch sehr viele Gesunden als krank
eingestuft. Die Diagnose hat also eine sehr geringe Spezifität. Wird
hingegen umgekehrt fast niemand als krank eingestuft, dann werden aber auch sehr
viele Kranke als gesund eingestuft. Die Diagnose hat also eine sehr geringe
Sensitivität. Diese gegenseitige Abhängigkeit von
Sensitivität und Spezifität wird vor allem bei einer grafischen
Darstellung deutlich.

Da bei der Beurteilung von Sensitivität und Spezifität jeweils
nur Auffällige oder Unauffällige in den Blick genommen werden,
werden auch andere komplexere Gütemaße, wie z. B. der
RATZ-Index, beleuchtet.

Eine weitere wichtige Aufgabe von Diagnosestudien besteht darin, den sog.
Trennpunkt zu bestimmen. Das ist der Testwert, der optimal Personen mit von
solchen ohne Störung bzw. Krankheit differenziert. Eine
Möglichkeit hierfür stellt der Youden-Index dar. Des Weiteren
kann die ROC-Kurve zur Beantwortung dieser Frage herangezogen werden.

Spezielle Probleme ergeben sich, wenn die Referenzwerte, der sog. Goldstandard,
nicht in dichotomer Form, sondern als Ordinal- oder Intervallskalen vorliegen.
Dann müssen die Personen anhand definierter Cut-Off-Werte als
auffällig bzw. unauffällig klassifiziert werden.
Tutorial: Motorisches Lehren in der
Sport-/Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Hamacher Dennis
Published: June 2022

Die Vermittlung und Festigung motorischer Fertigkeiten gehören zu den
grundlegenden Aufgaben sporttherapeutischen Handelns. Viel zu oft wird sich
hierbei jedoch eines Universalkonzeptes bedient, ungeachtet der Struktur der
Bewegungsaufgabe. Ganz nach der Idee des Maslow’schen Hammers, wonach
für jemanden, der lediglich einen Hammer zur Verfügung hat,
jedes Problem einem Nagel gleicht. Mit diesem praxisorientierten Tutorial
möchten wir gerne eine Reihe an theoretisch begründeten Methoden
anbieten, welche flexibel an Bedarfe der Fertigkeitsvermittlung und -optimierung
angepasst werden können. Das Ziel soll hierbei sein, den
sporttherapeutischen Werkzeugkoffer um verschiedene nützliche Werkzeuge
zu ergänzen. Dabei machen wir direkt Gebrauch vom Modell der
Generalisierten Motorischen Programme und dem Konzept der Koordinativen
Anforderungen.
Bewertung des Anästhesierisikos beim Hund mithilfe eines multifaktoriellen Risikoindex: der LeiV-Risk-Index
Authors: Hauber Elke , Alef Michaele
Published: June 2022

Gegenstand und Ziel Der Leipziger Veterinärmedizinische Risiko-Index kurz „LeiV-Risk-Index“ ist ein multifaktorieller Index, der zur objektiven und präzisen Bewertung des Anästhesierisikos beim Hund entwickelt wurde. Er basiert auf 10 Risikokriterien, welche die perioperative Mortalität beeinflussen. Ziel dieser Studie war eine Evaluierung der Anwendung des LeiV-Risk-Index und seiner Risikokriterien und ein direkter Vergleich mit der ASA-Klassifikation.

Material und Methoden Im Rahmen einer deutschlandweiten Online-Umfrage unter in der Kleintiermedizin tätigen Tierärzten wurde die Anwendung des LeiV-Risk-Index untersucht. Die Teilnehmer erhielten allgemeine Fragen zu ihrem beruflichen Hintergrund und der praktischen Anwendung des LeiV-Risk-Index. Zudem sollten sie 15 hypothetische Patienten mithilfe des LeiV-Risk-Index und der ASA-Klassifikation bewerten. Als Maß für die Übereinstimmung der Bewertung wurde ein Fleiss‘-Kappa bestimmt. Zudem wurde der Zusammenhang des LeiV-Risk-Index zur ASA-Klassifikation mittels eines Korrelationskoeffizienten untersucht.

Ergebnisse Die Übereinstimmung aller vergebenen LeiV-Risikoklassen zwischen den Teilnehmern war deutlich (κ = 0,55) und weitaus höher als bei Klassifizierung mittels ASA-Klassifikation (κ = 0,33). Es wurden im Schnitt für einen Patienten 3 verschiedene LeiV-Risikoklassen und 4 verschiedene ASA-Klassen vergeben. Zudem ließ sich eine positive Korrelation zwischen LeiV-Risikoklasse und steigender ASA-Klasse nachweisen. Es konnte kein signifikanter Einfluss vom Geschlecht des Anwenders, Sicherheit in der Anwendung des LeiV-Risk-Index oder klinischer Erfahrung auf die Höhe der vergebenen LeiV-Risikoklassen nachgewiesen werden.

Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz Mit dem LeiV-Risk-Index steht in der Tiermedizin erstmals ein Index zur Bewertung des Anästhesierisikos zur Verfügung, der auf objektiven Risikokriterien basiert und dessen Objektivität die der ASA-Klassifizierung übertrifft. Anästhesiepatienten können somit auch in der Veterinärmedizin übereinstimmender bewertet werden. Auch Anwendung und Praktikabilität des LeiV-Risk-Index wurden von 95 % der Teilnehmer positiv aufgenommen. Eine weitere Überarbeitung einzelner Risikokriterien muss überdacht werden.
Lipiodol Lymphangiography and Glue Embolization for Vulvar and Vaginal Lymphorrhea
Authors: Alali Meshari , Park Rohee , Shin Ji H. , Chen Chengshi , Shin Jeoung I.
Published: June 2022

A 26-year-old woman patient had an 18-year long history of vulvar and vaginal lymphorrhea and multiple millet-like lesions on her vulva. On magnetic resonance image, multiple T2 high signal intensities were noted at the bilateral vulvar areas and pelvic cavity. Conventional lipiodol lymphangiography showed lymphatic reflux to the vulvar areas, possibly originating from prominent tubular lymphatics in the right lower abdominal wall. After percutaneous puncture of this tubular lymphatic structure, its distal portion was embolized using microcoils to prevent upward glue propagation; this was followed by glue embolization of the tubular lymphatic structure. The patient was without skin lesions or symptoms at follow-up of 1 year after the procedure.
Low-loss fiber grating coupler on thin film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Chen Bin , Ruan Ziliang , Fan Xuancong , Wang Zong , Liu Jie , Li Chijun , Chen Kaixuan , Liu Liu
Published: June 2022

A grating coupler with a high coupling efficiency and low back reflections is designed and demonstrated on the thin film lithium niobate platform, which facilitates an efficient interface between a lithium niobate ridge waveguide and a standard single mode fiber. The excellent performances of the present grating coupler are enabled by a cavity-assisted grating structure and a top metal mirror, even though a uniform grating is adopted as the diffractive element. Experimentally, a coupling loss of −0.89 dB at 1552 nm is demonstrated with a 1-dB bandwidth of 45 nm. Low back reflections of <−16.5 dB to the waveguide and <−13.7 dB to the fiber are also achieved from 1536 to 1579 nm.
SARS-CoV-2 couples evasion of inflammatory response to activated nucleotide synthesis
Authors: Qin Chao , Rao Youliang , Yuan Hao , Wang Ting-Yu , Zhao Jun , Espinosa Bianca , Liu Yongzhen , Zhang Shu , Savas Ali Can , Liu Qizhi , Zarinfar Mehrnaz , Rice Stephanie , Henley Jill , Comai Lucio , Graham Nicholas A. , Chen Casey , Zhang Chao , Feng Pinghui
Published: June 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) evolves rapidly under the pressure of host immunity, as evidenced by waves of emerging variants despite effective vaccinations, highlighting the need for complementing antivirals. We report that targeting a pyrimidine synthesis enzyme restores inflammatory response and depletes the nucleotide pool to impede SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 deploys Nsp9 to activate carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) that catalyzes the rate-limiting steps of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis. Activated CAD not only fuels de novo nucleotide synthesis but also deamidates RelA. While RelA deamidation shuts down NF-κB activation and subsequent inflammatory response, it up-regulates key glycolytic enzymes to promote aerobic glycolysis that provides metabolites for de novo nucleotide synthesis. A newly synthesized small-molecule inhibitor of CAD restores antiviral inflammatory response and depletes the pyrimidine pool, thus effectively impeding SARS-CoV-2 replication. Targeting an essential cellular metabolic enzyme thus offers an antiviral strategy that would be more refractory to SARS-CoV-2 genetic changes.
Assessing linguistic complexity and register flexibility in advanced second language learners
Authors: Kerz Elma , Neumann Stella , Niemietz Paula
Published: June 2022

The aim of the present study is twofold: (1) to assess the degree of register flexibility in advanced second language (L2) learners of English and (2) to determine whether and to what extent this flexibility is impacted by inter-individual variability in experiential factors and personality traits. Register flexibility is quantitatively measured as the degree of differentiation in the use of linguistic complexity – gauged by a range of lexical, syntactic, and information-theoretic complexity measures – across three writing tasks. At the methodological level, we aim to demonstrate how a corpus-based approach combined with natural language processing (NLP) techniques and a within-subjects design can be a valuable complement to experimental approaches to language adaptation.
Using linear mixed models to analyze data from eye-tracking research on subtitling
Authors: Silva Breno B. , Orrego-Carmona David , Szarkowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we aim to promote the use of linear mixed models (LMMs) in eye-tracking research on subtitling. Using eye tracking to study viewers’ reading of subtitles often warrants controlling for many confounding variables. However, even assuming that these variables are known to researchers, such control may not be possible or desired. Traditional statistical methods such ast-tests or ANOVAs exacerbate the problem due to the use of aggregated data: each participant has one data point per dependent variable. As a solution, we propose the use of LMMs, which are better suited to account for a number of subtitle and participant characteristics, thus explaining more variance. We introduce essential theoretical aspects of LMMs and highlight some of their advantages over traditional statistical methods. To illustrate our point, we compare two analyses of the same dataset: one using at-test; another using LMMs.
Research on the relationship between time-dependent strains and delamination of plastic packaged devices at polymer/copper interface under thermal-hygro environments
Authors: Shi Xinghua , Qiu Yuanying , Zhang Jieyu , Jia Fei , Ma Hongbo
Published: June 2022

Delamination of polymer/metal interfaces has a destructive effect on plastic packaged devices containing thin layered structures. The physics mechanisms of the delamination inside the microstructure devices are not well understood and difficult to reveal. In order to get a deeper understanding of strain variations at the interface between the viscoelastic polymer and other elastic metal bases under a thermal-hygro environment, the following researches are conducted. Firstly, by combining the generalized Maxwell model and the hygro-mechanical strain equation of bi-layer plate, the equation set for hygro-mechanical strain at the interface of bi-layer plate is established considering the viscoelasticity of epoxy resins. Secondly, two bi-layer plate test pieces are made using elastic copper plates and two different types of viscoelastic epoxy resins (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) and Cycloaliphatic epoxy resins), and the normal strains at the interface of the two bi-layer plates under a thermal-hygro environment are measured by strain gauges sealed between the epoxy resin layer and the copper plate. Thirdly, by substituting the thermal strain results into the polynomial equations for thermo-mechanical strain at the bi-layer plate interface, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the two epoxy resins at different temperatures are obtained. Finally, multi-parameter fitting of the interface hygro-mechanical strain curves are drawn through programming in MATLAB software based on the genetic algorithm, and the shear modulus and relaxation time of the two viscoelastic epoxy resins are obtained. This paper’s experiment and calculation results reveal the relationship between time-dependent strain and delamination of plastic packaged devices at polymer/copper interface under a thermal-hygro environment, and provide a valuable reference to improve the reliability of plastic packaged devices.
Synergistic enhancement on flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on redox-active Fe3+ions/natural spidroin modified vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays
Authors: Chen Shuanglu , Yang Mingyue , Zhang Jiapeng , Cheng Hao , Qin Hai , Yao Sicheng , Wang Manyu , Zhang Xiaohua , Yang Zhaohui
Published: June 2022

The conductive skeleton and aligned carbon nanotube array (CNTA) structure can greatly shorten the ion transfer path and promote the charge transfer speed, which makes the CNTA an ideal electrode material for energy storage application. However, poor mechanical stability and low specific capacitance greatly impede its practical utilization. Here, we introduce a promising flexible electrode material based on the natural spider silk protein (SSP) modified CNTA(SSP/CNTA) with improved hydrophilicity and mechanical flexibility. The redox-active Fe3+ doped SSP/CNTA flexible solid-state supercapacitor (FSSC) device with superior energy storage performance was assembled in a symmetric ‘sandwich-type’ structure. The synergetic interaction between Fe3+ ions and the SSP are proved to greatly enhance the electrochemical performance especially the long-term cyclic stability. The Fe3+ doped SSP/CNTA FSSCs device achieves an ultra-high volumetric capacitance of 4.92 F cm−3 at a sweep speed of 1 mV s−1. Meanwhile it exhibited an excellent cycling stability with an increased capacitance by 10% after 10 000 charge–discharge cycles. As a control, a Fe3+ doped CNTA composite device without SSP will lose over 74% of the capacitance after 10 000 cycles. The energy storage mechanism analysis confirms the dominated capacitive behavior of the device, which explained a considerable power density and rate performance. Our method thus provides a promising strategy to build up highly-efficient redox-enhanced FSSCs for next generation of wearable and implantable electronics.
Multiphase modeling of the DC plasma–water interface: application to hydrogen peroxide generation with experimental validation
Authors: Keniley Shane , Uner Necip B , Perez Elizabeth , Sankaran R Mohan , Curreli Davide
Published: June 2022

Here, we present a one-dimensional, time-dependent multi-physics model of a plasma–liquid interface that encompasses both the plasma and liquid phases using the MOOSE-based drift–diffusion–reaction software, Zapdos-Crane. The model was applied to an experimental configuration comprised of a direct-current powered argon plasma formed at the surface of an aqueous, ionically conductive solution. In this system, one of the reactions that occurs is the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which subsequently produce hydrogen peroxide. We studied potential mechanisms for hydrogen peroxide production with the plasma operated as either the cathode or anode. Experiments were performed in support of modeling to characterize the plasma and measure the aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and both modeling and experimental results show that its production is substantially higher during anodic operation. In the case of the cathodic plasma, the simulations predict that solvated electrons degrade aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and in support, adding nitrate, a known electron scavenger, to the electrolyte during cathodic operation is shown to increase the production of aqueous hydrogen peroxide by an order of magnitude in experiments.
The slope of the time-dependent asymmetry, Δ

YK+K−

and Δ

Yπ+π−,

in D
0 → K
+
K
−and D
0 → π
+
π
− decays
Authors: Amirkhanlou Elnaz , Mohammadi Behnam
Published: June 2022

The most precise measurement of the the slope of the time-dependent asymmetry defined by the parameter

Δ

Y

f

(

f
=

K

+

K

−

,

π

+

π

−

), of the decay rates of

D

0

and

D

¯

0

mesons into the final states in the decays

D

0

→

K

+

K

−

and

D

0

→

π

+

π

−

were recently reported by LHCb collaboration with the values of

Δ

Y

K

+

K

−

=
(
−
2.3
±
1.5
±
0.3
)
×
1

0

−
4

and

Δ

Y

π

+

π

−

=
(
−
4.0
±
2.8
±
0.4
)
×
1

0

−
4

.

In this study, we have obtained

Δ

Y

K

+

K

−

=
(
−
2.27
±
1.12
)
×
1

0

−
4

and

Δ

Y

π

+

π

−

=
(
−
3.15
±
1.72
)
×
1

0

−
4

where

Δ
Y

constrains possible

CP

violation. The

CP

violation in the decays

D

0

→

K

+

K

−

and

D

0

→

π

+

π

−

have been calculated under the factorization approach. These decay modes include a current-current tree and penguin diagrams that their amplitudes are considered separately, by introducing strong and weak phases with the

δ

and

ϕ

parameters, respectively. We have obtained for both of decays

δ

1

=

0

∘

,

δ

2

=

(
90.04
±
0.01
)

∘

,

ϕ

1

=

0

∘

and

ϕ

2

=

(
68.48
±
1.55
)

∘

.

The

CP

asymmetries are calculated to be

A

CP

(

K

+

K

−

)
=
(
+
0.03
±
0.02
)
%

and

A

CP

(

π

+

π

−

)
=
(
+
0.03
±
0.01
)
%

at

μ
=
1

GeV
.

Finally, from the sum of the amplitudes, we have calculated the total amplitude and obtained comparable results with experimental values for the branching ratios of decays.
Energy-to-peak synchronization for uncertain reaction-diffusion delayed neural networks
Authors: Tai Weipeng , zhao Anqi , Guo Tong , Zhou Jianping
Published: June 2022

This paper is devoted to energy-to-peak synchronization for uncertain reaction-diffusion delayed neural networks subject to external disturbances. The purpose is to determine a controller in such a way that the drive-response systems not only achieve asymptotical synchronization in the absence of disturbances but also possess a predefined energy-to-peak disturbance-rejection level under zero initial conditions. Through the use of Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and various integral inequalities, both delay-independent and dependent conditions are proposed in the form of linear matrix inequalities. When these conditions hold, the needed controller gains can be calculated directly. A numerical example is provided to show the applicability and reduced conservativeness of the present results.
Asymmetrical spiral spectra and orbital angular momentum density of non-uniformly polarized vortex beams in uniaxial crystals
Authors: Shu Ling-Yun , Cheng Ke , Liao Sai , Liang Meng-Ting , Yang Ceng-Hao
Published: June 2022

To explore the effect of non-uniform polarization on orbital angular momentum (OAM) in anisotropic medium, in this work investigated are the evolution of the spiral spectra and OAM densities of non-uniformly polarized vortex (NUPV) beams in uniaxial crystals propagating orthogonal to the optical axis, and also the case of uniformly polarized vortex (UPV) beams with left-handed elliptical polarization. In the input plane, the NUPV beams present their spiral spectra of m-mode concentrated at m = l ± 1 modes rather than m = l mode, and reveal the relation among topological charge l, mode of spiral spectra m and the power weight value Rm
expressed by

l
=

∑

m
=
−
∞

∞

m

R
m

. The relation

l
=

∑

m
=
−
∞

∞

m

R
m

is still satisfied for UPV beams in uniaxially anisotropic crystals, whereas for NUPV beams their relations are no longer valid owing to non-uniform polarization. Furthermore, the analysis indicates that the asymmetrical distribution of power weight of spiral spectra and the non-zero value in the sum of longitudinal OAM densities originate from the initial non-uniform polarization and anisotropy in uniaxial crystals rather than topological charges. In addition, the relation between spiral spectrum and longitudinal OAM density is numerically discussed. This work may provide an avenue for OAM-based communications, optical metrology, and imaging by varying the initial non-uniform polarization.
Tidal effects of a dark matter halo around a galactic black hole*
Authors: Liu Jiayi , Chen Songbai , Jing Jiliang
Published: June 2022

We investigate tidal forces and geodesic deviation motion in the spacetime of a black hole in a galaxy with a dark matter halo. Our results show that tidal forces and geodesic deviation motion depend on the mass of the dark matter halo and the typical lengthscale of the galaxy. The effect of the typical lengthscale of the galaxy on the tidal force is opposite to that of dark matter mass. With increasing dark matter mass, the radial tidal force increases in the region far from the black hole but decreases in the region near the black hole. Furthermore, the absolute value of angular tidal force monotonously increases with the dark matter halo mass. The angular tidal force also depends on the particle energy, and the effects of dark matter become more distinct for the test particle at higher energies, which differs from the behavior observed in typical static black hole spacetimes. We also present the change in the geodesic deviation vector with dark matter halo mass and the typical lengthscale of a galaxy under two types of initial conditions.
Super-resolution of Solar Magnetograms Using Deep Learning
Authors: Dou Fengping , Xu Long , Ren Zhixiang , Zhao Dong , Zhang Xinze
Published: June 2022

Currently, data-driven models of solar activity forecast are investigated extensively by using machine learning. For model training, it is highly demanded to establish a large database which may contain observations coming from different instruments with different spatio-temporal resolutions. In this paper, we employ deep learning models for super-resolution (SR) of magnetogram of Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) in order to achieve the same spatial resolution of Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). First, a generative adversarial network (GAN) is designed to transfer characteristics of MDI onto downscaled HMI, getting low-resolution HMI magnetogram in the same domain as MDI. Then, with the paired low-resolution and high-resolution HMI magnetograms, another GAN is trained in a supervised learning way, which consists of two streams, one is for generating high-fidelity image content, the other is explicitly optimized for generating elaborate image gradients. Thus, these two streams work together to guarantee both high-fidelity and photorealistic super-resolved images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can generate super-resolved magnetograms with perceptual-pleasant visual quality. Meanwhile, the best PSNR, LPIPS, RMSE, comparable SSIM and CC are obtained by the proposed method. The source code and data set can be accessed via https://github.com/filterbank/SPSR.
Design of a Ridgetron Cavity for electron irradiation
Authors: Li J.H. , Yang Y.
Published: June 2022

The Ridgetron is a type of rf accelerator that can be used
for electron irradiation. The traditional ridgetron is based on a
“cylinder-shaped” resonant cavity having multiple accelerating
gaps operating in the TE110 mode. In this study we propose a
racetrack-shaped cavity to improve its microwave
efficiency. Although the Q of the racetrack cavity is lower than
that of a cucurbit cavity, we find that the shunt impedance and 
R/Q are both higher.
Spin injection by spin–charge coupling in proximity induced magnetic graphene
Authors: Kaverzin Alexey A , Ghiasi Talieh S , Dismukes Avalon H , Roy Xavier , van Wees Bart J
Published: June 2022

Within the field of spintronics major efforts are directed towards developing applications for spin-based transport devices made fully out of two-dimensional materials. In this work we present an experimental realization of a spin-valve device where the generation of the spin signal is exclusively attributed to the spin-dependent conductivity of the magnetic graphene resulting from the proximity of an interlayer antiferromagnet, chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr). We clearly demonstrate that the usage of the conventional air-sensitive 3D magnetic contacts can be fully avoided when graphene/CrSBr heterostructures are employed. Moreover, apart from providing exceptionally long spin relaxation length, the usage of graphene for both generation and transport of the spin allows to automatically avoid the conductivity mismatch between the source and the channel circuits that has to be considered when using conventional low-resistive contacts. Our results address a necessary step in the engineering of spintronic circuitry out of layered materials and precede further developments in the area of complex spin-logic devices. Moreover, we introduce a fabrication procedure where we designed and implemented a recipe for the preparation of electrodes via a damage-free technique that offers an immediate advantage in the fields of air-sensitive and delicate organic materials.
Fabrication of in situ aluminium matrix composite by change in addition sequence of MnO
2 particles
Authors: Panchal H N , Rao V J
Published: June 2022

In-situ composite of commercially pure aluminium (CPA) matrix and 1 to 4 wt% MnO
2 reinforcement particles were fabricated using stir casting method. 3 wt% Mg was added to improve the wettability of generated in situ phases in CPA matrix. MnO
2 additions were carried out in two sequences named as A and B. In sequence A, MnO
2 was added after melting of CPA with 3 wt% Mg while in sequence B, MnO
2 added before melting of CPA with 3 wt% Mg. The sequence of addition of MnO
2 has been studied in terms of recovery of Mn, mechanical properties and microstructures of fabricated composite. Maximum recovery of Mn obtained in case of sequence B. Improved results in microstructure and mechanical properties were found in sequence B compared to sequence A. Formation of in situ phases such as MnAl
6, MgSiO
3, Al
2
O
3, cemented carbide Mn
3
AlC and small quantity of MgFeSiO
3, were confirmed by Xy diffraction analysis in final composite materials.
Preliminary studies on soil radon activity at geothermal hotspot of Bakreswar-Tantloi
Authors: Aich Arkajit
Published: June 2022

Bakreswar-Tantloi region of India, besides being a geothermally active region, also harbours a high amount of Radon in soil-gas and groundwater of the region. Measurement of Radon-content across the region is an active area of research aimed to properly understand the geothermal potential of the region, the study of local geology and to determine the risks of Radon exposure in the area. In an aim to evaluate the Radon potential of this important geothermal hub, we have done a pilot study on the region by doing spot measurements of Soil-Radon activity in 41 specific geographic locations spread out across the region of interest which will act as groundwork for further in-depth analysis. The measurements showed that Radon activity varies widely in the region with the Radon activity ranging from 1

kBq

m

−
3

to 52

kBq

m

−
3

across the measured locations. Mean Radon activity across the measured locations was found to be 16

kBq

m

−
3

with standard deviation of the sample set of 14

kBq

m

−
3

.

Seven locations recorded Radon activity to be greater than standard deviation from average while four locations recorded Radon activity greater than twice the standard deviation from average.
On a variant of the Beckmann–Black problem
Authors: Legrand François
Published: June 2022

Given a field

k
k

and a finite group

G
G

, the Beckmann–Black problem asks whether every Galois field extension

F

/

k

F/k

with group

G
G

is the specialization at some

t
0

∈
k

t_0 \in k

of some Galois field extension

E

/

k
(
T
)

E/k(T)

with group

G
G

and

E
∩

k
¯

=
k

E \cap \overline {k} = k

. We show that the answer is positive for arbitrary

k
k

and

G
G

, if one waives the requirement that

E

/

k
(
T
)

E/k(T)

is normal. In fact, our result holds if

Gal
⁡
(
F

/

k
)

\operatorname {Gal}(F/k)

is any given subgroup

H
H

of

G
G

and, in the special case

H
=
G

H=G

, we provide a similar conclusion even if

F

/

k

F/k

is not normal. We next derive that, given a division ring

H
H

and an automorphism

σ
\sigma

of

H
H

of finite order, all finite groups occur as automorphism groups over the skew field of fractions

H
(
T
,
σ
)

H(T, \sigma )

of the twisted polynomial ring

H
[
T
,
σ
]

H[T, \sigma ]

.