bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
G Protein-Coupled Serotonin Receptors-Multiple Subtypes, Multiple Opportunities
Authors: Parker E. M. , Smith D. W.
Published: September 2022

Serotonin receptors have been fertile targets for drug development for decades. The attractiveness of serotonin receptors as drug targets is due to the wide range of physiological processes in which serotonin plays a role and to diversity of receptor subtypes that mediate the physiological effects of serotonin. The powerful combination of molecular cloning and pharmacology has thus far led to the identification of fifteen different serotonin receptor subtypes. Fourteen of these serotonin receptors are G protein­ coupled receptors and one is a ligand-gated ion channel. Because many of these serotonin receptor subtypes have been identified very recently, the current opportunities for development of d gs that act via these receptors are manifold. This chapter focuses on recent molecular insights into the structure and function of serotonin receptors, discusses the relevance of these insights to the design and discovery of receptor selective drugs and reviews recently discovered selective antagonists for serotonin receptors.
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Generated by the Gut Microbiota: Potential Atherosclerosis
Treatment Strategies
Authors: Zhu Botao , Ren Hao , Xie Feng , An Yuze , Wang Yichuan , Tan Yurong
Published: September 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become a disease burden that plagues the world, and a large
proportion of the world's mortality currently stems from atherosclerotic CVD. In addition to traditional therapies, we need to find more therapeutic targets and strategies in scientific research to address this challenge. In
recent years, as research on gut microbiota has continued, there has been a clearer understanding of the role that
metabolites from gut microbes play during atherosclerosis (AS). A growing body of research suggests that
trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is an independent risk factor for CVD and that gut microbe-dependent TMAO
plays a critical role in AS. Therefore, interventions targeting TMAO have the potential to become a new therapeutic strategy for AS. This review provides a brief overview of the relationship between TMAO and atherosclerosis. More importantly, several potential atherosclerosis treatment strategies targeting TMAO and its metabolic pathways have been revealed by recent studies and will be the focus of this review. This review summarizes possible therapeutic strategies in terms of change of diet, adjustment of gut microbiota, suppression of liver enzyme activity, and improvement of renal function, in the hope of providing new insights for developing
efficient and cost-effective treatment and prevention for AS.
Neurological Complications of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19
Vaccines: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Yepes Manuel
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), that reached pandemic proportions in 2020. Despite the fact that it was initially characterized by pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, it is now clear that the nervous system is also compromised in one third of these patients. Indeed, a significant proportion of COVID-19 patients suffer nervous system damage via a plethora of mechanisms including hypoxia, coagulopathy, immune response to the virus, and the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial cells, neurons, astrocytes, pericytes and microglia. Additionally, a low number of previously healthy individuals develop a variety of neurological complications after receiving COVID-19 vaccines and a large proportion of COVID-19 survivors experience long-lasting neuropsychiatric symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 is also a neurological disease, and the direct and indirect effects of the virus on the nervous system have a significant impact on the mor-bidity and mortality of these patients. Here we will use the concept of the neurovascular unit, as-sembled by endothelial cells, basement membrane, perivascular astrocytes, neurons and microglia, to review the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the nervous system. We will then use this information to review data published to this date on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19, the post-COVID syndrome and COVID-19 vaccines.
A Network Pharmacology Guided Mechanism of Action Study on Oldenlandia
diffusa Against Osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhao Jun , Dong Liang , Wang Jun , Pan Boyu , Yang Yun
Published: September 2022

Background:

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary bone sarcoma in the global
child and young adult population, and the current mainstream treatment regimens are not very effective.
The unique efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for cancers has recently received increasing
attention. Oldenlandia diffusa (OD) is commonly used as adjuvant therapy for various cancers in Chinese
herb medicine (CHM) with its unique pharmacological activities, but its therapeutic effect as well as the
underlying mechanism against OS has yet to be systematically investigated.

Objective:

This study aims to find the underlying active mechanism of OD against OS.

Methods:

The candidate ingredients as well as drug targets of OD were obtained from the Traditional
Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology (TCMSP) database, respectively. Meanwhile, the OS diseaserelated
targets were acquired from GeneCards and MalaCards online databases. Then, by using Venny
2.1, the common key targets were imported into the STRING database to acquire their interaction relationship,
and imported this PPI network file (.csv) into Cytoscape 3.6.0 software and merged to obtain
PPI network intersections. Meanwhile, the MCODE plugin of Cytoscape was also used to further trim the
core therapeutic targets. GO and KEGG enrichment and molecular docking analyses were performed to
predict the underlying mechanism of OD against OS. Furthermore, in silico analysis results were validated
by a series of cellular functional and molecular biological assays.

Results:

A total of 131 putative targets were identified to be involved in the anti-OS activity of OD. The
PPI network, GO as well as KEGG analyses revealed that the 18 core targets were closely related to cell
proliferation, apoptosis. Importantly, the subsequent in vitro assays verified that the suppressive effect of
OD on OS cell growth indeed resulted from disrupted apoptosis and cell proliferation via Akt and ERK
signaling pathways. Furthermore, our results showed that quercetin, beta-sitosterol and 2-methoxy-3-
methyl-9,10-anthraquinone were the key ingredients, while PTGS2, CASP3 and JUN were the key targets
in delivering the pharmacological activities of OD against OS, thus providing an insight into the anti-OS
action of OD from a holistic perspective.

Conclusion:

In summary, our results indicate that OD has good prospects in the treatment of OS.
Tendencias metodológicas para la implementación de sistemas agroforestales en el marco del desarrollo sustentable: una revisión
Authors: Rojas Pardo Marisol , Beltrán Vargas Julio , Zafra Mejía Carlos Alfonso
Published: September 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer las tendencias metodológicas en investigaciones sobre sistemas agroforestales (SAF), identificando dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales que se implementan en su desarrollo. Se empleo la revisión sistemática de literatura de estudios mundiales publicados entre el 2000 y 2020. Mediante frecuencia de citación, se estimó qué dimensiones, enfoques, diseños y variables ambientales se emplearon principalmente en los estudios. El análisis Chi-cuadrado identificó la asociación significativa entre diseños, dimensiones y variables ambientales; y se aplicó un análisis clúster no jerárquico para establecer la distribución de investigaciones con respecto a zonas geográficas, dimensiones y diseños. Se detectaron cuatro dimensiones de investigación: ecológica, social, económica y sistémica. Los enfoques con mayor citación en los estudios fueron: uso del suelo (0.823), manejo del Bosque (0.784), desarrollo comunitario (0.667), conservación de la biodiversidad (0.604), desarrollo rural (0.585) y cambio climático (0.680). Los diseños agroforestales se agruparon en secuenciales (70.0%) y simultáneos (90.0%) y las variables ambiéntales: edafológicas (84,0%), bióticas (70,0%) y socioeconómicas (60,0%) fueron mayormente citadas en las investigaciones. El análisis clúster determino que la dimensión sistémica se desarrolló en África (50.0%), Asia (26.92%) y Europa (23.07%), y la ecológica en América (50.0%) y Asia (30.01%); la social en África (33.3%) y la económica en Asia (10,2%). En conclusión, la dimensión sistémica predominó en la revisión resaltando el carácter sustentable de los SAF. Además, los enfoques, diseños y variables con mayor citación responden a las necesidades productivas de las comunidades y a las características ecológicas de los ecosistemas donde se gestionan estas tecnologías.
High-quality human resources development based on the digital economy in Ho Chi Minh city
Authors:   Faculty of Business Administration, Saigon University (SGU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Hang Nguyen Phan Thu
Published: September 2022

The country's industrialization and modernization and international integration in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) have the advantage of a large population and abundant working-age human resources. However, the quality is not high, and the improvement of the quality of human resources is still limited. The training and development of human resources in line with the socio-economic development process have been paid special attention by HCMC, identifying this as one of the five breakthrough programs of the HCMC in the period 2020-2025 to meet the current trend of international integration and competition with many challenges. Besides, the paper focuses on high-quality human resources development in the socio-economic development of HCMC. Moreover, HCMC attaches particular importance to the construction and development of high-quality human resources to meet the cause of industrial promotion requirements. Thus, the author uses descriptive statistics from a survey of 400 experts in human resource management from 400 enterprises. The main findings had more than 60.0 percent agree with improving the quality of human resources for HCMC in the digital economy based on the surveying. The article's novelty proposed some policy implications for high-quality human resources development.
Low-frequency spectrum of gyrotropic modes of a finite chain interacting ferromagnetic nanodiscs
Authors: Orlov V. A.  , Prokopenko V. S.  , Rudenko R. Yu.  , Orlova I. N.
Published: September 2022

The problem of the spectrum frequencies of collective gyrotropic modes of a finite linear chain magnetostatically interacting ferromagnetic nanodiscs is considers in this paper. It is shown that information about the vortex the magnetization state of each of the nanodiscs in the chain can be obtained from frequency spectrum analysis. The prospect of using registration is discussed frequency spectrum as a way of reading information in magnetic memory devices. Keywords: magnetic vortex, ferromagnetic resonance, collective modes.
Functionalization of low-k surfaces with low-energy Ar ions
Authors: Solovykh A. A.  , Sycheva A. A.  , Voronina E. N.
Published: September 2022

In this work low-energy Ar impacts on low- k surfaces were simulated with ab initio density functional theory method. The obtained results reveal the mechanism of CH3-group removal under Ar atom/ion irradiation; the threshold energy of this process was estimated. Keywords: low-k dielectrics, functionalization, simulation, diffusion barriers, methyl groups.
Influence of the structure of the wavefront of laser radiation on synchronous self-oscillations in fiber lasers with micro-optomechanical resonators
Authors: Egorov F. A.
Published: September 2022

It is shown, that increasing the stability of synchronous self-oscillations in fiber lasers with nonlinear mirrors, based on micro-optomechanical resonators (micro-oscillators), can be achieved due to the transformation of the wavefront of laser radiation, interacting with micro-oscillators. These transformations are based on the unique properties of mode interference in composite singlemode-multimode-singlemode fiber structures. Keywords: synchronous self-oscillations, fiber lasers, microcantilever, resonance.
Interaction of molecular oxygen ions with copper surface: features of the energy spectra of sputtered and backscattered ions
Authors: Tolstoguzov A. B.  , Gusev S. I.  , Fu D. J.
Published: September 2022

An experimental study on the energy spectra of ions emitted from the surface of a polycrystalline Cu target under the bombardment by 2 keV O2+ molecular ions was carried out. Sputtered atomic ions Cu+ and O+ were prevailed among the positively charged secondary ions, and among the negative ions, in addition to sputtered ions Cu-, CuO2-, O-, and O2-, intense elastically and inelastically backscattered O-, and O2+ ions were revealed. Keywords: energy spectra, ion sputtering, backscattered ions, charge exchange.
Stand for research of radio emission of a long electric spark
Authors: Syssoev  V.S.  , Kuznetsov  Yu. A.  , Naumova   M. Yu.  , Orlov   A. I.  , Sukharevsky  D. I.  , Lepekhin  N. M.  , Shvets  N. N.  , Makalsky   L. M.  , Kukhno  A. V.  , Gushchin M. E.  , Mareev   E. A.
Published: September 2022

On the created stand, in laboratory conditions, various phases of discharge development characteristic of lightning were simulated using an electric spark in a long air gap. With the help of special radio equipment, the radio emission of a long electric spark was investigated. It is found that at the stages of development of a spark discharge, radio emission is recorded in a long interval up to at least a frequency of 1.4 GHz. Data on radio emission in this range are of great practical importance for such areas as radio communication (during thunderstorm activity), radar, lightning direction finding. Keywords: Long electric spark, lightning discharge, radio emission, streamer discharge, lead discharge, radio communication.
Influence of acoustic oscillations on the speed of a cellular hydrogen-air flame in a horizontal channel
Authors: Volodin V. V.  , Golub V. V.  , Elyanov A. E.
Published: September 2022

The results of an experimental investigation of the effect of acoustic oscillations with a frequency of 250-7000 Hz and an intensity of 105 dB on the dynamics of the acceleration of a hydrogen-air flame in an open channel are presented. Dependences of the position of the flame front and cell sizes were obtained from shadow photographs at different frequencies of acoustic oscillations. The frequency values when the average flame speed increases up to 3 times are found. Acoustic action with a frequency of 250 Hz leads to a slight decrease in the speed of the flame. Keywords: Hydrogen, duct combustion, acoustic impact, cellular flame.
Inversion of the piezomagnetic effect of the residual magnetized state of steel 30Kh13 during low-cycle tests
Authors: Muratov K. R.  , Novikov V. F.  , Sokolov R. A.
Published: September 2022

The results of magnetoelastic tests of hardened and tempered samples of high-chromium 30Kh13 steel, which after magnetization were subjected to low-cycle stretching, are presented. The tests were repeated with a sequential increase in the load amplitude. Stretching on the first cycle led to irreversible demagnetization of the samples. As the number of cycles increases, a quasi-reversible change in magnetization is established, called the piezomagnetic effect of residual magnetization. High sensitivity of specified effect to fatigue loads is established, active change of its sign occurs in vicinity of endurance limit. Keywords: 30Kh13 steel (AISI 420), piezomagnetic effect, residual magnetization, cyclic tests, magnetoelastic demagnetization.
Influence of User Profile Attributes on e-Cigarette–Related Searches on YouTube: Machine Learning Clustering and Classification (Preprint)
Authors: Murthy Dhiraj , Lee Juhan , Dashtian Hassan , Kong Grace
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

The proliferation of e-cigarette content on YouTube is concerning because of its possible effect on youth use behaviors. YouTube has a personalized search and recommendation algorithm that derives attributes from a user’s profile, such as age and sex. However, little is known about whether e-cigarette content is shown differently based on user characteristics.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to understand the influence of age and sex attributes of user profiles on e-cigarette–related YouTube search results.

METHODS

We created 16 fictitious YouTube profiles with ages of 16 and 24 years, sex (female and male), and ethnicity/race to search for 18 e-cigarette–related search terms. We used unsupervised (k-means clustering and classification) and supervised (graph convolutional network) machine learning and network analysis to characterize the variation in the search results of each profile. We further examined whether user attributes may play a role in e-cigarette–related content exposure by using networks and degree centrality.

RESULTS

We analyzed 4201 nonduplicate videos. Our k-means clustering suggested that the videos could be clustered into 3 categories. The graph convolutional network achieved high accuracy (0.72). Videos were classified based on content into 4 categories: product review (49.3%), health information (15.1%), instruction (26.9%), and other (8.5%). Underage users were exposed mostly to instructional videos (37.5%), with some indication that more female 16-year-old profiles were exposed to this content, while young adult age groups (24 years) were exposed mostly to product review videos (39.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Our results indicate that demographic attributes factor into YouTube’s algorithmic systems in the context of e-cigarette–related queries on YouTube. Specifically, differences in the age and sex attributes of user profiles do result in variance in both the videos presented in YouTube search results as well as in the types of these videos. We find that underage profiles were exposed to e-cigarette content despite YouTube’s age-restriction policy that ostensibly prohibits certain e-cigarette content. Greater enforcement of policies to restrict youth access to e-cigarette content is needed.
Acceptance of Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD) for Improving Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Nasik, Maharashtra (Preprint)
Authors: Saxena Deepak , Raval Devang , Saha Somen , Sathwara Jignasa , Halkarni Nishad , Doshi Rahul , Joshi Madhav , Sridharan Mridhula , Chowdhury Jayeeta
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Patients with Drug sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB) often face challenges in adhering to medications. Tuberculosis Monitoring Encouragement Adherence Drive (TMEAD) is a digital pillbox that provides reminders for pill consumption and facilitates the remote monitoring of medication adherence.

OBJECTIVE

Present study assessed the acceptance of TMEAD among TB patients in Nasik city of Maharashtra.

METHODS

Qualitative In-depth interviews (IDI) were conducted with 40 DSTB patients and 16 treatment supporters. IDI were audio recorded. The observations were organized using the outline construct that assessed the technology acceptance into four major themes - performance expectancy (acceptability of the device), effort expectancy (perceived benefit of the device), social influence (saving time and money) and facilitating conditions (availability of medicines).

RESULTS

Better acceptance to TMEAD was related to perceptions that the reminder alarm improves medication adherence and remote monitoring too reduced the frequency of clinic visits, organization of medications made it easier to take them correctly. The device facilitated positive family involvement in the patient’s care, and that remote monitoring made patients feel more cared for by the health system. Lower patient acceptance to TMEAD was related to problems with the durability of the device, large size, issues with charging, and concerns regarding possible stigma. TB health visitors reported that TMEAD implementation resulted in reducing the frequent in-person interactions with patients and thus allowed them to dedicate more time to other important tasks. Patients who returned the devices reported that the primary reasons were stigma associated with TB, and issues of charging the device and taking device at workplace.

CONCLUSIONS

There are several features of the TMEAD that supports its acceptability among TB patients, while few barriers to patient use should be addressed by improving the design of the device. However, some barriers, such as disease-related stigma, are more difficult to modify and may limit use of the TMEAD. Overall, we conclude that TMEAD intervention has the potential to be integrated into the basket of digital adherence intervention under India’s National TB Elimination programme.
The Application of Exemplarist Moral Theory and Problem-Based Learning in the Course of Structural Mechanics
Authors: Sha Bin , Zhong Qinfang , Guo Xiaoyu , Xiong Houren
Published: September 2022

Structural mechanics is an important basic course for undergraduates majoring in civil engineering. However, due to the difficulty and extent of the content, students are often not able to master the course. Problem-based learning is an excellent way of teaching engineering, and character education can improve students’ performance. This study explores the combined application of problem-based learning and exemplarist moral theory. In this model, students analyze the structure and force of buildings, and they learn about the historical stories behind them. In this way, students improve their morality, civility, performance, and intellect. In character education, the use of case studies and examples can increase students’ interest in the course, improve classroom participation, enrich teaching connotations, and strengthen students’ understanding of basic concepts and their ability to memorize them.
La formación ciudadana en los procesos educativos. Análisis del caso en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Authors:   Dirección General de Orientación y Atención Educativa, Reyna Lara Mauricio
Published: September 2022

La presente obra pretende analizar y establecer un modelo de formación ciudadana dentro de la educación formal de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, a partir de una descripción del marco teórico conceptual, acompañado de una síntesis sobre la problematización de la formación ciudadana en la educación en el nivel bachillerato. En este sentido, se brinda una orientación acerca de las bases pedagógicas que puede aportar la educación con una formación ciudadana en el nivel medio superior, desde su descripción conceptual, objetivos y herramientas hasta la implementación didáctica de los contenidos curriculares del programa de estudios en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria de la UNAM. De esta manera se establece la visión de la formación ciudadana como una función social en la vida diaria de los estudiantes, describiendo la disposición valorativa individual y colectiva que permita identificar y formar la parte moral respecto de la condición de valores en el catálogo ético dado en la universidad y la comunidad en la que interactúan los alumnos. Bajo este orden de ideas, se describe la formación ciudadana desde diferentes ópticas, partiendo de la orientación histórica hasta llegar a la comparación de aspectos internacionales, sin dejar de lado la perspectiva pedagógica basada en competencias para así estar en condiciones de establecer un modelo de formación ciudadana ejemplificado, propuesta que será factor de implementación de un modelo de formación ciudadana en la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria de la UNAM. Así se instaurarán los contenidos curriculares del programa de estudios, estrategias, herramientas y técnicas de lo que se denominará socioformación ciudadana, resaltando la importancia de la materia para la formación integral de los alumnos frente a su comunidad universitaria y social.
I Am Here: Privacy Aware Support
Authors: Akbar Mohammad Kaosain , Sarkar Dibya Prokash , Kaiser Emrul
Published: September 2022

Abstract: There is a growing concern about supporting general people with location awareness applications, mainly when a person is in a vulnerable situation. The current rise of challenging situations where the number of cases of sexual abuse, kidnap, and murders have taken place in Bangladesh, location-aware solutions are considered to handle the ongoing concerns. However, location sensitivity requires to be privacy sensitive to ensure safety to individuals seeking help. There is a design requirement around flexibility to abstract one’s location to different sets of people. An android based mobile system on supporting location abstraction to ensure privacy is presented here featured as “I am Here.” The design process involved inquiries from 84 individuals (51 female). The system has been deployed and evaluated in four different regions of urban and rural setup on 107 individuals (57 female).
A Study on People’s Food Consumption Behaviour During the Pandemic in Coimbatore City
Authors: Agarwal Shristi
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The alterations in food intake that had taken place during the COVID-19 pandemic are the primary focus of the present study. The objective of this study is to examine how people behave when it comes to eating, including a detailed examination of food preferences prior to and following the pandemic, awareness of the importance of eating the right foods during or after the COVID outbreak, and the impact of various factors on the decision to purchase food items. The findings of the current study will assist doctors, nutritionists, and dietary specialists in understanding how Coimbatore residents consume food, enabling them to better advise patients, raise public awareness, and promote the intake of nutritious foods during this time. Moreover, the findings of this study will also help grocery retailers better understand the elements influencing people's decisions to buy certain sorts of food and their demand for them in these historic times.
Content Validity to Assess the LMS-Moodle-based Academic Writing Learning Model of Arabic
Authors: Fahmi Ari Khairurrijal , Rachmawati Miatin , Surong Kamal
Published: September 2022

The aim of study was a deep understanding of the description of content validity of a LMS-Moodle Based to support learning Arabic academic writing. This research focused on tracing LMS that are suitable to be used to carry out Arabic academic writing learning in college. This study used a Research and Development method that combines two research methods to describe the validation mechanism of the LMS-Moodle Based device for learning of Arabic writing. To develop this research instrument, the researchers developed an instrument based on the IPA Matrix analysis. After developing the instrument, LMS assessment was carried out by several experts in the field of learning media who assessed the LMS used in learning Arabic academic writing. The results of this study indicated that the LMS used for learning Arabic academic writing is feasible to use based on the measurement of the matrix science.
Análise epidemiológica da intoxicação por metais na região nordeste do Brasil no período de 2011 a 2015
Authors: Dias Júnior Ivonaldo Martins , Souza Karla Suellen de Araújo , Góis Luiza Carla de Medeiros , Lima Rodrigo Sousa , Pinto Natália Bitu
Published: September 2022

A intoxicação exógena por metais pesados é um processo patológico que gera sinais e sintomas, geralmente reversíveis, em consequência de uma exposição a esses elementos - ou compostos que os têm em sua composição - em quantidade maior que a tolerabilidade fisiológica do organismo. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os dados referentes às notificações de intoxicação por metais na região Nordeste do Brasil no período de 2011 a 2015. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com análise estatística descritiva, avaliando 320 casos de intoxicação por metais no nordeste brasileiro, feito a partir de dados colhidos do SINAN, contidos na base de dados do DATASUS. No período de 2011 a 2015, foram notificados 320 casos de intoxicações por metal. O estado da Bahia foi o que teve maior número de casos, com 229 notificações. A circunstância ambiental foi a maior responsável pelas intoxicações exógenas por metal, com 181 notificações. O gênero masculino é o mais acometido por intoxicação por metais, sendo a circunstância ambiental a mais frequente. Há um agravo na saúde pública, pois, dos 320 registros de intoxicação por metais, 214 casos não possuem descrição quanto a sua evolução e oito casos não tiveram continuidade de seguimento.

Palavras- chave: Intoxicação. Metais. Nordeste. DATASUS.
Análise da ação do gel enriquecido com alfa-terpineol associado ao ultrassom pulsátil na tendinite aguda em ratos Wistar
Authors: De Morais Santana Geísa , Martins Maia Filho Antonio Luiz , Ferreira Danniel Cabral Leão , Silva José Figuerêdo , De Castro Almeida Fernanda Regina , Marques Rosemarie Brandim , Farias e Silva Antônio Lucas
Published: September 2022

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a ação do gel enriquecido com α-terpineol associado ao ultrassom terapêutico no processo inflamatório. A tendinite foi induzida mediante a compressão transversal durante 10s com pinça Halstead na segunda cremalheira, assim como dez escarificações, usando 72 ratos da espécie Rattus norvegicus, variedade Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos:A: Controle negativo, B: Gel enriquecido com alfa-terpineol (Uso tópico), C: Gel enriquecido com alfa-terpineol + Ultrassom pulsátil e D: Ultrassom Pulsátil. Estabeleceram-se três períodos de tratamento, 7, 14 e 21 dias e os parâmetros avaliados em cada período foram edema e análise histológica. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o programa Prisma 5.0 para análises de one way ANOVA e Teste t, com nível de significância de 5% (p
Depth-efficient proofs of quantumness
Authors: Liu Zhenning , Gheorghiu Alexandru
Published: September 2022

A proof of quantumness is a type of challenge-response protocol in which a classical verifier can efficiently certify the quantum advantage of an untrusted prover. That is, a quantum prover can correctly answer the verifier's challenges and be accepted, while any polynomial-time classical prover will be rejected with high probability, based on plausible computational assumptions. To answer the verifier's challenges, existing proofs of quantumness typically require the quantum prover to perform a combination of polynomial-size quantum circuits and measurements. In this paper, we give two proof of quantumness constructions in which the prover need only perform constant-depth quantum circuits (and measurements) together with log-depth classical computation. Our first construction is a generic compiler that allows us to translate all existing proofs of quantumness into constant quantum depth versions. Our second construction is based around the learning with rounding problem, and yields circuits with shorter depth and requiring fewer qubits than the generic construction. In addition, the second construction also has some robustness against noise.
Critical quantum thermometry and its feasibility in spin systems
Authors: Aybar Enes , Niezgoda Artur , Mirkhalaf Safoura S. , Mitchell Morgan W. , Benedicto Orenes Daniel , Witkowska Emilia
Published: September 2022

In this work, we study temperature sensing with finite-sized strongly correlated systems exhibiting quantum phase transitions. We use the quantum Fisher information (QFI) approach to quantify the sensitivity in the temperature estimation, and apply a finite-size scaling framework to link this sensitivity to critical exponents of the system around critical points. We numerically calculate the QFI around the critical points for two experimentally-realizable systems: the spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate and the spin-chain Heisenberg XX model in the presence of an external magnetic field. Our results confirm finite-size scaling properties of the QFI. Furthermore, we discuss experimentally-accessible observables that (nearly) saturate the QFI at the critical points for these two systems.
Pauli channels can be estimated from syndrome measurements in quantum error correction
Authors: Wagner Thomas , Kampermann Hermann , Bruß Dagmar , Kliesch Martin
Published: September 2022

The performance of quantum error correction can be significantly improved if detailed information about the noise is available, allowing to optimize both codes and decoders. It has been proposed to estimate error rates from the syndrome measurements done anyway during quantum error correction. While these measurements preserve the encoded quantum state, it is currently not clear how much information about the noise can be extracted in this way. So far, apart from the limit of vanishing error rates, rigorous results have only been established for some specific codes.
In this work, we rigorously resolve the question for arbitrary stabilizer codes. The main result is that a stabilizer code can be used to estimate Pauli channels with correlations across a number of qubits given by the pure distance. This result does not rely on the limit of vanishing error rates, and applies even if high weight errors occur frequently. Moreover, it also allows for measurement errors within the framework of quantum data-syndrome codes. Our proof combines Boolean Fourier analysis, combinatorics and elementary algebraic geometry. It is our hope that this work opens up interesting applications, such as the online adaptation of a decoder to time-varying noise.
Ekstrak Etanol Ubi Jalar Ungu untuk Mencegah Peningkatan pH Vagina setelah Ovariektomi Bilateral pada Tikus Wistar
Authors: Sugiritama I Wayan , Sri Wiryawan I Gusti Nyoman , Linawati Ni Made , Wahyuniari Ida Ayu Ika , Ratnayanthi I Gusti Ayu Dewi , Arijana I Gusti Nyoman Kamasan
Published: September 2022

AVaginal atrophy is one of the most common health problems in postmenopausal women. The disease is characterized by decreasing layers and maturation index of the vaginal epithelium and an increase in vaginal pH. A decrease in vaginal acidity will increase the susceptibility to infections since acidic pH protects the vagina from pathogens infection. The previous study has proven that phytoestrogens were effective to improve the microstructures of the vaginal, reduce urogenital complaints, and improve vaginal pH. The purple sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) which is cultivated in Bali was recognized for its high anthocyanin content and was reported to have phytoestrogen activity. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of purple sweet potato on vaginal pH in an animal model of menopause. The randomized pre-test post-test control group design study was conducted using 36 bilateral ovariectomized female Wistar rats as an animal model of menopause. The animals were divided randomly into a control group (T0) which was given saline and a treatment group (T1) given an ethanolic extract of purple sweet potato 400 mg/day for 30 days. Vaginal pH was measured before treatment, every week during treatment, and after treatment. The result of the study showed that there was an increase in vaginal pH of the T0 on the 2nd and 3rd week, and after treatment (P
Aktivitas Antiparkinson Ekstrak dan Fraksi Buah Kemukus (Piper cubeba L.) pada Tikus Putih Galur Sprague Dawley
Authors: Damayanti Kiki , Anas Yance , Marlina Windy , Nabila Talcha , Irmawati Putri
Published: September 2022

Pathophysiologies underlying the Parkinson's disease is oxidative stress, can be treat with antioxidants from natural sources, including Piper cubeba L. Flavonoids are reported as antioxidants. This study aimed to analyse the flavonoids content and antiparkinson activity from the ethanolic extract of cubeb fruits (EECF), ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of cubeb fruits (EAFEECF), n-hexane fraction of ethanolic extract of cubeb fruits (NHFEECF). This research is an experimental study with a post test only control group design. Eighty four rats were divided into 14 groups. Group 1 is a normal group, group 2-3 are negative controls which were given aquadest and olive oil, respectively. Positive control groups, 4 and 5 were given levodopa 27 mg/kgBW and vitamin E 180 IU/kgBW, respectively. Group 6-14 were given EECF, EAFEECF, and NHFEECF at doses 150, 300, 600 mg/kgBW. Group 2-14 were induced with haloperidol 2 mg/kgBW intraperitoneally 45 minutes after administration of the material tests. The materials are given once a day for 7 days. The length of time the rats can hold on to the rotarod was tested on days 0, 4, 7, 11, 14. The curve showed the data on the survival time of rats on a rotarod versus time, then the AUC0-14 was calculated using the trapezoidal method. The AUC0-14 were analyzed using Mann Whitney test at 95%CI. The flavonoids content were analysed using TLC. The results showed that the EECF, EAFEECF, and NHFEECF contained flavonoids, and antiparkinson activity except for the NHFEECF at doses 150 and 600 mg/kgBW.
Pengaruh Variasi Media Pertumbuhan terhadap Aktivitas Peredaman Radikal Bebas DPPH Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Isolat Cb.D1
Authors: Purnamasari Ayu , Andriyaningsih Fitri , Pamungkas Riska Andriani , Septiana Eris
Published: September 2022

Endophytic fungi are a source of antioxidant compounds in nature. The low yield of extracts and active compounds produced is one of the limiting factors for using endophytic fungi as a source of natural antioxidant compounds. Modification of growth media is an alternative solution to overcome this problem. This study aimed to determine the effect of media conditions, belonging to carbon and nitrogen sources and different initial pH of fermentation, on the antioxidant through DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract of endophytic fungi Cb.D1 isolated from cinnamon plant leaves. The culture was propagated using Czapek Dox Broth basal liquid medium with agitation speed 120 rpm at room temperature for 14 days. The carbon sources used were glucose, sucrose, and soluble starch. The nitrogen sources were natrium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, and yeast extract. The initial pH conditions used were 5, 7, and 9, and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent. The results obtained that the variation of nitrogen and carbon sources and also initial pH conditions can increase the yield of extract of endophytic fungi Cb.D1. Glucose, yeast extract, and initial pH at 9 were the best growth media to gain it. The substitution of nitrogen sources and initial pH can increase the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of endophytic fungal extract compared to substitution for carbon sources. The highest activity from the Cb.D1 endophytic fungal extract was obtained from media that contain sucrose and natrium nitrate as a carbon and nitrogen sources and an initial pH of 5. The Variation of growth media of endophytic fungi Cb.D1 affected their extract in DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
Vasculitis intestinal y hallazgos en la videocápsula endoscópica: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Amarís Vergara Amaury Alexis , Rincón Sánchez Reinaldo Andrés Mauricio , Guzmán Buenaventura Juan Sebastián , Rodríguez Hernández Betsy Viviana
Published: September 2022

Las vasculitis sistémicas pueden llegar a afectar los vasos sanguíneos de todos los tamaños, provocando necrosis e inflamación. La granulomatosis con poliangitis (GPA) es una vasculitis de vasos pequeños y medianos. Las presentaciones clínicas pueden ser locales o difusas en el tracto gastrointestinal. Presentamos el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de vasculitis sistémica asociada a anticuerpos anticitoplasma (ANCA) mieloperoxidasa (MPO) (poliangitis microscópica) confirmada con biopsia renal, con clínica de 15 días consistente en astenia, adinamia, oliguria subjetiva, edema de miembros superiores e inferiores, hiporexia y melenas. En el examen físico, el tacto rectal fue positivo para melenas, posteriormente presentó anemización secundaria a melenas, por lo que se realizó videocápsula endoscópica en la que se evidenciaron hallazgos compatibles con vasculitis entérica. Durante su estancia presentó compromiso multisistémico dado por la afectación renal, pulmonar, neurológica y gastrointestinal, manejada en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI), donde se iniciaron pulsos de esteroide sistémico y hemodiálisis.
Conclusión: la vasculitis gastrointestinal es una complicación rara; sin embargo, ocurre y causa una grave amenaza para la vida de los pacientes. El diagnóstico diferencial debe cubrir otras enfermedades inflamatorias, especialmente la enfermedad de Crohn. Su adecuado reconocimiento influencia de forma significativa el pronóstico, pues el inicio rápido de la terapia con esteroides puede cambiar el curso de la enfermedad.
Déficit de Vitamina B12 en consumo de Metformina e Inhibidores de Bomba de Protones
Authors: Frías Ordoñez Juan Sebastián , Arjona Granados Dayana Andrea , Martínez Marín Julián David
Published: September 2022

El espectro de enfermedades  asociadas con la deficiencia de la vitamina B 12 es amplio y abarca desde la ausencia de síntomas hasta el síndrome de malabsorción, insuficiencia medular, o síntomas neurológicos acompañados de parestesias, mielopatía o neuropatía. Existe evidencia sugestiva que indica que el empleo de inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBP) a largo plazo puede disminuir los niveles séricos de vitamina B12.  Igualmente, estudios previos han asociado el déficit de vitamina B 12 a consumo en dosis altas de metformina, sin embargo, el mecanismo por el cual  se genera la descompensación no está claro. Se ha llegado a describir una asociación aditiva de la administración de inhibidores bomba de protones/ Antagonistas receptor Histamina - 2 y metformina, sugiriendo que promueven la malabsorción de Vitamina B 12. Ambas categorías de medicamentos son ampliamente utilizadas, y en muchos casos sin prescripción médica, y su uso no debería ser pasado por alto. Cuando están clínicamente indicados, su uso debería ser monitorizado debido a la posibilidad de malabsorción de vitamina B 12 y sus consecuencias. Por tanto, en este artículo se revisan  aspectos generales sobre la vitamina B12 y el estado del arte sobre la deficiencia de vitamina B12 en pacientes con consumo  de metformina  o  uso de inhibidor de bomba de protones.
Factores biosociales asociados a la mortalidad materna en el departamento de Chocó 2013-2019
Authors: Mosquera Córdoba Miladys , Cuesta Caicedo Angela Patricia
Published: September 2022

Objetivo: Describir la convergencia de fuerzas biosociales que interactúan para producir y exacerbar la mortalidad materna en el departamento de Chocó.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de la mortalidad materna y los factores asociados en el Chocó. Se solicitó autorización para revisión de fichas de vigilancia epidemiológica de todos los casos de  muertes maternas entre 2013 y 2019. Se garantizó la confidencialidad usando códigos y número de historia clínica, para identificación. Además, se revisó la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud ENDS 2015  y los informes de control prenatal en el departamento del Chocó para identificar factores asociados a la mortalidad materna.
Resultados: Se registró un total de 96 muertes maternas durante el período 2013-2019. El grupo comprendido entre 30-34 años de edad aportó el mayor número de casos de muerte materna (17 muertes). El 90% de los fallecimientos maternos pertenecían al Sistema General de Seguridad Social, 10% correspondía a población pobre no asegurada. El 94% (68) de los fallecimientos obstétricos corresponde a mujeres que desempeñaban labores en el hogar y 6% (4) empleadas del sector público. La principal causa de mortalidad materna se relacionó con trastornos hipertensivos en el embarazo. Se evidenció que solo el 72% de las gestantes recibieron control prenatal por médico en Chocó y el 6.6% de los controles fue realizado por enfermeras. En 2020, se reportó que el porcentaje máximo de nacidos vivos con más de 4 consultas de control prenatal fue 79.49%.
 
Conclusiones: La situación observada sugiere la implementación de estrategias que mejoren el acceso a servicios de salud integrales de calidad. Se debe garantizar una articulación entre las autoridades de salud, actores de prestación de servicios del sistema de salud, actores comunitarios locales y la academia.
Una mirada al tratamiento actual de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Contreras Escobar Jorge Andrés , Benítez Suárez Patricia , Prieto Vélez Lizette Paola , Orozco Páez Jennifer
Published: September 2022

La estomatitis aftosa recurrente (EAR) es una patología ulcerativa crónica idiopática, que, aunque no llega a comprometer la vida de los pacientes, si puede desmejorar su calidad de vida. Presenta una alta incidencia en la población con un alto porcentaje de recurrencia. Atendiendo a su importancia, el objetivo de esta revisión es brindar una actualización respecto a las terapias farmacológicas y con láser para el manejo de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO HOST y LILACS desde enero de 2010 a octubre de 2020, identificando publicaciones en inglés y español. Los artículos que fueron incluidos debían estar relacionadas con la estomatitis aftosa y su tratamiento, enfocándose en el manejo farmacológico o con láser. La estrategia de búsqueda arrojó 4536 citas bibliográficas, de las cuales fueron incluidas 19 en esta presente revisión. La mayoría de los estudios fueron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados donde la población objeto fueron adultos que demostraron el uso de antiinflamatorios, inmunomoduladores, anticuerpos monoclonales, antisépticos, anestésicos, entre otros, para el manejo de la estomatitis aftosa recurrente. De los artículos analizados se pudo concluir que la terapia farmacológica debe ser instaurada de manera particular, de acuerdo a la clínica y antecedentes del paciente. Los fármacos de primera elección son de uso tópico, reservando los de uso sistémico para casos moderados o severos y para pacientes con tratamiento refractarios, asimismo, las recomendaciones coadyuvantes como alimentación e higiene pueden ayudar a la resolución de la enfermedad. La terapia láser surge como alternativa de tratamiento con bajo riesgo y buenos resultados para la EAR.
Fibromatosis de Colli
Authors: Holguín  Barrera Mónica Liseth , Medina Barrera Sharon Brigitte , García Agudelo Lorena , Camargo Tarache Cynthia Catalina
Published: September 2022

Introducción: La Fibromatosis Colli es un tumor fibroso congénito benigno que se desarrolla en el músculo esternocleidomastoideo. Se manifiesta clínicamente por hinchazón del cuello y restricción de movimiento del cuello (tortícolis). 

Objetivo: Describir los aspectos diagnósticos y terapéuticos fundamentales de la Fibromatosis de Colli o Tortícolis Muscular Congénita.

Caso Clínico: Se presenta un caso de neonato de sexo femenino de 21 días de nacida mediante parto en presentación podálica. Al examen físico se encuentra masa en cuello de 1,5*2 cm indolora e inclinación de la cabeza hacia la derecha, diagnosticado con ultrasonografía y  tomografía de cuello contrastado, sin otros hallazgos.

Conclusiones: La Fibromatosis de Colli es una patología que pasa desapercibida en el examen posparto del recién nacido. Es importante que el personal médico la identifique, evitando así complicaciones futuras, como asimetría craneofacial, escoliosis cervical y torácica o alteraciones oculares importantes.