bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social determinants of contraception use among rural adolescents: Implications for addressing disparities
Authors: Bishop Asia S. , Nurius Paula S. , Rousson Ashley N. , Bhattacharya Anindita , Baumgarten Ella B.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Few studies have examined disparities in—and social determinants of—contraception use among rural adolescents despite evidence of higher teen birth rates and greater STI risk in rural communities. Guided by a social determinants of health (SDoH) framework, this cross‐sectional study aimed to address these gaps.

Methods

Data come from the 2018 Healthy Youth Survey, including N = 3757 sexually active, rural‐based adolescents. Chi‐square and independent samples t‐tests examined group differences in rates of self‐reported contraception use (condoms and any form of contraception) at last sex. Logistic regression models examined associations between SDoH factors (social/community, economic, and health care access) and contraception use outcomes.

Findings

Contraception use disparities were observed for rural‐based youth identifying as Black, Asian, Indigenous, and Latino/a/x/e; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning their sexual identity (LGBQ); and those experiencing poverty. Regression models accounting for youth characteristics found that SDoH factors across the social/community domain—but not economic or health care access—were the strongest predictors of contraception use outcomes. In these models, LGBQ status remained negatively associated with contraception use.

Conclusions

Rural disparities in contraception use, particularly for marginalized youth, call for service approaches that are relevant and responsive to diverse needs. Findings also suggest that rural disparities are influenced by a complex interplay of social factors, where existing health care resources may not sufficiently mitigate youths’ adverse living conditions. Addressing contraception use disparities in rural communities will require greater uptake of comprehensive sexuality education and multilevel service approaches that attend to youths’ social contexts.
Automatic classification of near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions
Authors: Yang Hongwu , Li Yingmin , Pan Weihao , Hu Lei , Ji Shuyan
Published: December 2024

This study presents an automated, quantitative classification method for near‐fault pulse‐like ground motions, distinguishing between forward‐directivity and fling‐step (FS) motions. The method introduces two novel parameters—the pulse velocity ratio and pulse area ratio—which transform the classification standard from a qualitative to a quantitative framework. Combined with an enhanced pulse extraction technique that captures permanent displacement characteristics, these parameters significantly improve classification efficiency and repeatability. This automated approach overcomes the limitations of manual classification, providing reproducible results. The identified FS ground motions can be applied to the dynamic analysis of cross‐fault structures, enhancing the reliability of seismic hazard assessments.
Accuracy of Preliminary Maxillary Canine and Anchorage Tooth Movement in Premolar Extraction Cases Using 12 In‐House Clear Aligners: A Randomised Control Trial Comparing Power Arm and Control
Authors: Vongtiang Natnicha , Tongkitcharoen Nathaset , Eurutairat Sawitt , Manopatanakul Somchai , Santiwong Peerapong , Viwattanatipa Nita
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To investigate maxillary canine movement accuracy and anchorage during space closure in first premolar extraction cases (maximum anchorage) using In‐House Clear Aligners (IHCAs).

Materials and Methods

A randomised controlled trial with a split‐mouth design recruited 16 adults in university setting. Each patient was randomly assigned by side for canine retraction using 12 IHCAs to both the experimental palatal power arm (Pa) and non‐Pa control (C). Accuracy was assessed using GOM Inspect by superimposing the virtual and actual digital models between pretreatment and 12th IHCA. Paired t‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare virtual‐power arm (VPa) versus actual‐power arm (APa) and virtual‐control (VC) versus actual‐control (AC). Root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated.

Results

Pa displayed a significant difference in preliminary canine distalisation (VPa 2.0 mm vs. APa 2.4 mm), while the control did not differ. Both Pa and control exhibited significantly greater actual distal crown tipping than virtual movement (VPa 4.4° vs. APa −6.3°/VC 4.4° vs. AC −4.3°). AC achieved more canine rotation than VC. RMSE was slightly greater in Pa than control for canine distalisation (Pa 0.6 vs. C 0.55 mm) and distal crown tipping (Pa 10.9° vs. C 8.99°). Conversely, Pa displayed better accuracy in canine rotation. For anchorage, Pa and control exhibited significantly greater actual mesialisation and mesial tipping than virtual. RMSE for anchorage mesialisation and mesial tipping were comparable between Pa and control.

Conclusions

Preliminary canine retraction using Pa may result in greater error in distal crown tipping but less rotation than control.

Trial Registration

ISRCTN 14020146 by the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry
Defibrillation Testing in Patients Undergoing Replacement of the S‐ICD Generator: Is There Still a Need?
Authors: Biller Benedikt , Reinke Florian , Biller Katharina , Köbe Julia , Rath Benjamin , Eckardt Lars , Frommeyer Gerrit
Published: December 2024

Background

Noninferiority of omitting intraoperative defibrillation threshold (DFT) testing has been documented for transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) whereas data for the subcutaneous‐ICD (S‐ICD) regarding the need for DFT testing, especially during S‐ICD generator replacement, is not available.

Methods

A total of 112 consecutive patients who underwent S‐ICD generator replacement and routine testing were included in this retrospective single‐center study and analyzed regarding the outcome of intraoperative DFT.

Results

The majority of patients (87.3%) were successfully tested during generator replacement with no major adverse events. PREATORIAN score was generally lower, while high voltage (HV) impedance increased compared to first implantation. The risk of conversion failure increased with the PRAETORIAN risk class, whereas patient characteristics did not impact conversion rates. PRAETORIAN score and HV impedance were shown to be the most accurate factors when predicting conversion failure. In all patients with an HV impedance <70 Ohm and a PREATORIAN score < 90 at the time of initial implantation DFT was successfully performed during generator replacement.

Conclusion

General omittance of DFT in S‐ICD generator replacement is not advisable. New algorithms for low impedance DFT measurements during S‐ICD query and PREATORIAN score at first implantation can be used to predict conversion failure. An impedance <70 Ohm and a PRAETORIAN score < 90 show a very low risk of conversion failure. In patients with a PRAETORIAN score > 150 DFT testing should be performed when the S‐ICD generator is replaced until randomized data is available.
Pruritic Vulvovaginitis in a Young Girl: A Case of Vulvovaginal Enterobiasis
Authors: Gaurav Vishal , Kumar Lekshmi P. , Goyal Dishika , Juyal Deepak , Dev Tanvi
Published: December 2024

Vulvovaginal enterobiasis is underreported and an often‐missed diagnosis in prepubertal girls presenting with isolated nocturnal vulvar pruritus. An 8‐year‐old‐girl with intense nocturnal vulvar itching for 4 months was diagnosed with enterobiasis after microscopy of a vaginal swab revealed Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) ova. The child and her family were treated with two doses of oral albendazole, 2 weeks apart, resulting in symptom resolution. This case highlights the importance of considering enterobiasis as a differential diagnosis for nocturnal vulvar pruritus to prevent delayed treatment.
The fashioning of the humanist governor at the dawn of a new political and cultural era: Francesco Barbaro as podestà of Venetian Vicenza
Authors: Revest Clémence
Published: December 2024

The patrician Francesco Barbaro (1390–1454) is well known for having been both a first‐class humanist and a figurehead of the Venetian government in the new territories of the Stato da Terra. This article explores the pioneering use of humanist culture in the official praises he received during his political career, which helped shape a consensual ideology of the Venetian power as a Roman‐like republican empire. The article highlights Barbaro's tenure in Vicenza in 1425–1426 as a critical moment in this process, drawing attention to the three public panegyrics written during his stay: the two orations composed by Matteo Bissaro and the preamble to the new communal statutes written by Guarino Veronese. These texts show how, through the idealisation of Barbaro's figure, Neo‐Ciceronian oratory became a common language for the local and patrician ruling classes and promoted an ethical pact, based on the reference to the ancients' virtues.
An immoderate appetite for empire: the multiple lives of Paolo Morosini's defence of Venetian expansion
Authors: O'Connell Monique
Published: December 2024

This contribution looks at two iterations of Paolo Morosini's Letter to Cicco Simonetta (c.1470). The Letter was composed as a direct response to Milanese and papal critiques of Venetian expansion and was first part of a culture of diplomatic letter writing and persuasive rhetoric, intended to have an immediate political effect on hostile foreign views of Venice. Forty years later, Morosini's Letter had a second life as a humanist text when Giovanni Corner translated it into Latin and donated it to Marino Sanudo's library. This article argues that Corner's translation signals a kind of turning inward for Venetian defence of empire, now aimed at the city's own political class, which had significant reservations about the course of actions that led to the war of Cambrai. The Letter and its dual context allows an analysis of the way that two languages of power, humanism and diplomacy, intersected in the way that Venetian political elites defined and defended their empire in the changing systems of political communication in Renaissance Italy.
Leaving Home and Living Abroad: A Comparative Analysis of the Factors Influencing the Migration Decisions of Africans to Move Abroad
Authors: Dzordzormenyoh Michael K. , Boateng Francis D.
Published: December 2024

Objective:

This study comparatively examined the individual‐ and country‐level factors influencing migration decisions of Africans using large‐scale cross‐sectional data from 34 African countries.

Methods:

Employing a multilevel analysis technique, specifically hierarchical linear modeling (HML), this study addresses design, methodological, and analytical limitations in the existing literature.

Results:

At the individual level, gender, age, education, foreign exposure, sense of nationality, fear of violence, discrimination, economic management, and income and salary issues significantly predicted migration decisions. Male citizens, those with post‐secondary education, urban residents, individuals with a strong sense of nationality, and those fearful of extremism were more likely to consider relocation. Citizens who experienced religious and disability discrimination and those who believed that economic management and salary/income were major problems were also more inclined to migrate. Conversely, citizens aged 66 years or older and those who were fearful of violence were less likely to relocate. At the country level, gross domestic product (GDP) and regional location were important factors, with citizens from countries with higher GDPs and those located in southern Africa being less likely to consider migration.

Conclusion:

The findings contribute to theory building on African migration and provide insights for developing policies to address the challenges posed by international migration, particularly in western Africa. This study recommends a comprehensive approach to economic management, investment in education and vocational training, anti‐discrimination measures, and targeted strategies for high‐migration regions.
Physiological Characteristics of Freestyle Snowboard and Freeski Athletes
Authors: McPhail Jonathan , Cross Matt R. , Spörri Jörg , Linnamo Vesa
Published: December 2024

Purpose: To investigate the physiological characteristics of freestyle snowboard and freeski athletes and explore potential differences between males and females. Methods: National-team athletes, snowboard (9 males, 21 [2.3] y; 8 females, 20 [4.1] y) and freeski (10 males, 21 [2.1] y; 8 females, 18 [2.2] y), underwent physiological assessments: maximal oxygen uptake (; indirect), countermovement-jump height, drop-jump (DJ) height, DJ contact time, reactive strength index, absolute peak force (PFabs), and relative peak force. Differences were analyzed using multivariate analyses of variance Wilks lambda (Λ) and magnitude with partial-eta squared (). Pairwise comparisons and the impact of sex and sport were analyzed with univariate tests, utilizing Cohen d. Results: No physiological differences were found between snowboard and freeski (Wilks Λ = 0.8, P > .251,  = .169). Sex differences were observed (Wilks Λ = 0.2, P < .001, ), without an interaction between sex and sport (Λ = 0.8, P > .449, ). For snowboard, sex differences included (P < .001, d = 1.04), countermovement-jump height (P < .001, d = 2.5), DJ height (P < .001, d = 1.45), DJ contact time (P < .001, d = 0.36), reactive strength index (P < .001, d = 1.36), front-limb PFabs (P < .001, d = 1.77), rear-limb PFabs (P < .001, d = 1.36), front-limb relative PF (P < .003, d = 0.88), and rear-limb relative PF (P < .021, d = 0.65). In freeski, differences included (P = .005, d = 0.81), countermovement-jump height (P < .001, d = 1.3), DJ height (P < .001, d = 1.17), DJ contact time (P < .040, d = 0.54), reactive strength index (P < .001, d = 1.0), left-limb PFabs (P < .001, d = 2.2), right-limb PFabs (P < .001, d = 1.88), left-limb relative PF (P < .001, d = 1.1), and right-limb relative PF (P < .001, d = 1.33). Conclusions: Differences between the sexes, rather than between sports, explained the largest variance. A broad concurrent training approach with the aim of developing resilient athletes is likely warranted while acknowledging and adapting to individual needs.
Highly Correlated Electronic State in the Ferrimagnetic Quadruple Perovskite CuCu3Fe2Re2O12
Authors: Poteryaev A. I. , Pchelkina Z. V. , Streltsov S. V. , Long Y. , Irkhin V. Yu.
Published: December 2024

Recently synthesized quadruple perovskite CuCu3Fe2Re2O12 possesses strong ferromagnetism and unusual electron properties, including enhanced electronic specific heat. Application of the first principles electronic structure approaches unambiguously shows importance of the many-body effects in this compound. While CuCu3Fe2Re2O12 is half-metallic ferrimagnet in the DFT + U method, in the density functional theory (DFT) combined with the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) it appears to be a metal. Strong electronic correlations leads to a renormalization of electronic spectrum and formation of incoherent states close to the Fermi level. Electronic specific heat and magnetic properties obtained in the DFT + DMFT approach are in better agreement with available experimental data than derived by other band structure techniques.
Interplay of Domain Walls and the Supercurrent in a Topological Josephson Junction
Authors: Turyshev K. , Makhlin Yu.
Published: December 2024

We consider an interferometer based on chiral Majorana and Dirac modes in a hybrid superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor Josephson junction on top of a topological material. These one-dimensional bound chiral modes can carry Josephson current, which results in an unusual current–phase relation. Domain walls in the magnetic layer may influence the supercurrent. We demonstrate that the supercurrent depends on the distance between the domain walls, and on the other hand, it controls the interaction of the domain walls and thus the dynamics of the magnetic layer.
Non-Semisimple Degeneracy of Lamb Waves
Authors: Karakozova A. I. , Kuznetsov S. V.
Published: December 2024

Anomalous guided waves appearing at a non-semisimple degeneracy of the fundamental matrix are observed and analyzed in the framework of the Cauchy sextic formalism. The non-semisimple degeneracy condition is explicitly constructed for the most general case of Lamb waves propagating in a traction-free layer with arbitrary elastic anisotropy. A new type of dispersion equation and the corresponding dispersion solution are obtained. The connection with surface waves of the non-Rayleigh type is discussed.
On the Maximum of the First Resonance Frequency for Inhomogeneous Elastic Bodies
Authors: Vatulyan A. O. , Yurov V. O.
Published: December 2024

The paper considers a non-classical optimization problem associated with the development of the production of new functionally graded materials. It is proposed to optimize the first natural frequency of oscillations by choosing the law of change in elastic moduli, and not the shape, as is done in most works devoted to optimization. This formulation of the problem becomes practically justified with the development of 3D printing and the production of FGM ceramics with specified properties. As an example, the problems of oscillations of a FGM rod and a FGM beam with spring boundary conditions at one of the ends are considered.
Reading Progress Tracking Using Convolutional Neural Networks on High-Noise Eye-Tracking Data
Authors: Shangareev A. I. , Stupnikov S. A.
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to studying the methods for tracking the reading progress on eye-tracking data using deep learning neural networks. An architecture of the autoencoder neural network is developed that is intended for efficient use the spatial and temporal information. A data augmentation method is proposed that generates high noise data and preserves information about the correspondence of each gaze fixation to a corresponding word. The quality of the neural network model is experimentally evaluated on noisy data.
Systemic hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with chronic active EBV infection
Authors: Xu Katie R , Shah Sonal , Rohr Bethany
Published: December 2024

Hydroa vacciniforme lymphoproliferative disorders (HVLPD) fall within the clinical spectrum of chronic active epstein barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBVD), ranging from localised and/or indolent forms (classic HVLPD) to systemic disease with fever, hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy (systemic HVLPD). A preadolescent male with 47XYY, multicystic dysplastic kidney, autism spectrum disorder and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) presented with photodistributed non-pruritic, non-painful necrotic papulovesicles accompanied by non-febrile intermittent fatigue and lymphadenopathy. The patient had a history of EBV pneumonia in infancy confirmed by CT scan and was later diagnosed with CAEBV. Despite presenting without the typical risk factors of East Asian or Latin American background, young adulthood onset and long-standing classic HVLPD, the patient’s CAEBVD, systemic symptoms and gamma–delta T-cell clonal expansion were consistent with a diagnosis of systemic HVLPD. Systemic HVLPD is high-risk for malignant transformation, requiring close follow-up to evaluate for HV-like T-cell lymphoma. Due to the patient’s risk factors and findings consistent with systemic HVLPD, the patient is regularly surveilled for progression to lymphoma.
Social support status and associated factors among methadone maintenance patients: a multicentre, cross-sectional study in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nguyen Huong Thi Thanh , Tran Dien Quang , Dinh Dai Xuan
Published: December 2024

Objectives

To investigate the social support status and associated factors among Vietnamese methadone maintenance patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Three methadone clinics.

Participants

540 patients.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The Medical Outcomes Study—Social Support Survey questionnaire was employed to measure patients’ social support. Factors associated with the social support status of patients were determined through multivariate linear regression models. Variables in these models were selected using the Bayesian model averaging method.

Results

The average social support score of patients was 63.50±26.54 (ranger: 0–100). The average social support scores of patients living in mountainous areas (Dien Bien: 63.74±23.67, Son La: 46.15±20.31) were significantly lower than that of patients residing in metropolitan areas (Hanoi: 80.61±23.47) (p<0.001). The likelihood of gaining high social support was 1.31 times more likely among patients living with at least one person (64.21±26.25) in comparison with those living alone (48.84±28.69) (p=0.013). The higher the number of family members living with the patient and close friends/relatives, the higher the social support score. Factors significantly associated with patients’ social support included the place of residence, the patient’s occupation, the family’s monthly income, the number of people living with the patients, and the number of close friends/relatives (p<0.001).

Conclusion

Methadone maintenance patients in Vietnam received a moderate level of social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of pandemics, not only the authorities but also family members and the community should give succour and strength to the patients, thereby contributing to the success of methadone treatment and the recovery of patients.
Continence care quality from the perspective of older adults receiving home care services and residents of long-term care: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Silverglow Anastasia , Wijk Helle , Milsom Ian , Wagg Adrian
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Urinary incontinence is associated with social isolation, deconditioning, depression, falls and early mortality. It impairs quality of life, even in residents of nursing homes, and, in the community, increases the risk of institutionalisation. Care focused on the preservation of dignity during intimate care is important in the care of older adults. Despite this, there are few data which seek to define the quality of care or desired outcomes of care from the older adult’s perspective. This scoping review aims to assess the research literature addressing the question of what is known about the quality of continence care from the perspective of older adults (>65 years old) in long-term care and from those in receipt of home care to identify gaps in the literature and direct further research.

Methods and analysis

The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) method will be followed. The CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, PROSPERO, Web of Science and JBI Evidence Synthesis databases will be searched using keywords for publications within the last 20 years without restriction on publication type or language. A search of grey literature and websites will be conducted. Reference lists of the retrieved articles will be used to identify additional literature. A preliminary search of MEDLINE was performed (21 November 2023), to identify articles. Search results will be exported into a management tool for screening and analysis. Article screening will be undertaken by two authors, and a third will be included if needed to resolve any differences. Data analysis will be guided by theoretical frameworks. The protocol for this study was registered at Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/bprq9/).

Potential impact

Information on what constitutes quality of care or desired outcomes of care from the perspective of this segment of the population is lacking. This review will synthesise knowledge and provide research direction. Findings can potentially lead to new directions in the provision of care for vulnerable older adults.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethics approval for a scoping review is not required. The results will be published in a high-impact journal with a focus on open access publication.
Magnitude of undernutrition and determinant factors among adult patients with tuberculosis on follow-up care at public healthcare facilities in South Ethiopia Region: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Authors: Beyene Belaynesh Bahiru , Gargamo Daniel Baza , Gidebo Kassa Daka , Meskele Mengistu , Nane Debritu , Abebe Amene
Published: December 2024

Background

Globally, approximately 1.9 million cases of tuberculosis (TB) were attributable to undernutrition. Nearly 19 000 deaths occur annually in Ethiopia due to TB. TB makes undernutrition worse and undernutrition deteriorates the body’s defence system thus increasing the chance of developing an active illness. However, there is a dearth of studies regarding undernutrition among adult patients with TB in the study setting.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the magnitude of undernutrition and its associated factors among adult patients with TB in the South Ethiopia Region.

Design

We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study using structured and pretested questionnaires.

Settings

The study was conducted from 5 August 2022 to 5 September 2022, among adult patients with TB on follow-up care in the South Ethiopia Region.

Participants

Three hundred ninety-eight randomly selected adult patients with TB on follow-up care in public healthcare facilities in the Southern Ethiopia region participated in the study.

Methods

Data were collected using structured and pretested questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements were taken by calibrated instruments. EpiData V.3.1 was used for data entry. Data analysis was done by SPSS V.25. Tables, graphs and texts were used to present descriptive statistics. Variables with a p value <0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. A p value <0.05 with a 95% CI was used to declare the statistical significance.

Results

The magnitude of undernutrition was 46.5%, 95% CI 41.5% to 51.5%. Rural residence (adjusted OR (AOR)=3.94, 95% CI 2.52 to 6.17), positive HIV status (AOR=2.65, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.268) and family history of TB (AOR=2.62, 95% CI 1.65 to 4.15) were factors significantly associated with undernutrition.

Conclusion

Our finding indicated that undernutrition among adult patients with TB was relatively high in the study setting compared with similar research reports. Undernutrition was significant among rural residents, positive HIV status and family history of TB. Therefore, we recommend that emphasis should be given to rural residents, positive HIV status and families with a history of patients with TB to decrease its burden.
Unilateral Anterior Scleritis Following the Booster Shot of Inactivated COVID‐19 (Sinopharm) Vaccine in a 52‐Year‐Old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Jazi Kimia , Rahimi Mahnaz , Hasani Fatemeh , Shirmohammadi Maryam , Masoumi Maryam
Published: December 2024

The only way to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic was vaccines. While effective in decreasing the rate and severity of the disease, there also have been considerable adverse events. Since the birth of vaccines, adverse reactions accompanied the immunity, and COVID‐19 vaccines are no exceptions. This is a report about a 52‐year‐old female patient who presented with bilateral redness of the eyes, with normal bilateral visual acuity, postbooster dose of the Sinopharm COVID‐19 vaccine. She had no significant past history of any disease or any similar reactions after previous doses. All her physical examinations were normal. Ophthalmic examination disclosed diffuse erythema, and mild scleral edema consistent with bilateral anterior diffused scleritis with negative phenylephrine test. Thereafter, with a course of tapering doses of prednisolone (30 mg at the onset) combined with azathioprine (100 mg/day), over a 2‐week period, the condition completely resolved. Very few vaccination‐related adverse events may manifest an unrecognized underlying autoimmune vasculopathy which may also require urgent management. As in this case, ocular adverse events, as highlighted, are highly associated with undiagnosed autoimmune diseases and therefore warrant careful assessment by clinicians.
Vascular Injury of Penetrating Trauma of the Extremities
Authors: Simsek Yeliz , Gur Aysenur
Published: December 2024

Background: Physical examination and computed tomography angiography (CTA) are used for diagnosing arterial injury in extremity trauma. In recent years, CTA has been overused to obtain more objective data. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of using CTA for the management of patients with extremity penetrating injuries, specifically in cases where vascular injury was not detected during initial examination.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with penetrating trauma who underwent CTA of the extremities. The demographic data, mechanism of injury, the side of injury, initial vascular exam (normal, soft signs, and hard signs), radiological results, and any orthopedic and vascular intervention performed were recorded. The χ2 test was used for independent variables. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used. We compared the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) for physical exam and CTA for identifying arterial injury requiring intervention.

Results: Of the 252 patients included in the study, 29 (21.5%) had abnormal vascular physical examination while 26 (10.3%) had an abnormal CTA. The NPV of the hard sign for identifying vascular injury was 95.4%, while the sensitivity was 57.7%, specificity was 100%, and PPV was 100%. The NPV of routine physical examination to determine the requirement for vascular intervention was 100%. The sensitivity and PPV of the soft sign in determining the need for vascular intervention were 65.4% and 77.3%, respectively.

Conclusion: Vascular injury was present in all cases that had positive hard signs. CTA imaging and vascular intervention are not necessary in patients who exhibit no hard and/or soft indicators during a thorough physical examination.
Unlocking the Power of Physical Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Sun Shaopeng
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review: This study reviewed the concept and assessment tools of physical activity (PA), the level and limiting factors of PA in people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and its impact on patient clinical outcomes, aimed at providing a reference for exercise‐assisted treatment of people with IBD.

Recent Findings: The current findings of PA in patients with IBD focus on the risk of disease, promoting and limiting factors, and the effect of clinical outcomes. Patients with IBD have inadequate levels of PA, and the association of PA with IBD incidence and disease activity remains controversial. Nevertheless, PA has demonstrated beneficial effects on clinical outcomes, particularly in reducing mortality, enhancing quality of life, and improving body composition.

Summary: IBD is a chronic disease with no cure. Although medication is the main treatment modality, it requires careful consideration of its risks and benefits. PA has proven to be an effective nondrug treatment that can slow the progression of various chronic diseases and enhance patients’ quality of life. However, the correlation between PA levels and clinical outcomes of IBD remains unclear.
NT5E Mediates Cisplatin Resistance in NSCLC Through the PI3K‐AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zheng Liangfeng , Liu Jian , Ji Feiyue , Li Chunxiang , Qian Ye , Shao Lili , Lu Xiaomin
Published: December 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NT5E and its mechanism in cisplatin (diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to explore the value of NT5E in the clinical prognosis of NSCLC patients.

Methods: First, the genes related to drug resistance were identified by constructing an A549/DDP cell line with DDP resistance and performing transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Gene ontology (GO) as well as the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways were enriched for the related genes using the Metascape database. The STRING database was further applied to construct protein–protein interaction networks (PPIs), and heatmaps were used to visualize the coexpression relationships of genes in the modules, as well as to screen for key genes. Subsequently, immunohistochemistry and molecular biology experiments were conducted to confirm the expression levels of NT5E in DDP‐resistant NSCLC tissues and cells. Additionally, its effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed through NT5E knockdown assays. Finally, RNA sequencing and signaling pathway analyses revealed that NT5E regulates DDP resistance in NSCLC cells through the PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway and analyzed the correlation between the expression of NT5E and survival outcomes in NSCLC patients.

Results: NT5E was found to be upregulated in drug‐resistant cells and increased in DDP‐resistant NSCLC tissues and cells. The drug‐resistant genes were primarily involved in cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix. Functional experiments confirmed that the knockdown of NT5E inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Signaling pathway analysis indicated that NT5E mediated the resistance of NSCLC cells to DDP through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Moreover, high NT5E expression was found to be negatively correlated with the overall survival of NSCLC patients.

Conclusion: NT5E may be a key gene for DDP resistance in NSCLC cells, while its high expression may indicate a poor prognosis for patients. This finding provides important insights for a deeper understanding of the mechanism of drug resistance in lung cancer and serves as a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies and drugs.
Factors Associated With the Presence and Severity of Nutritional Impact Symptoms in Individuals With Head and Neck Cancer Before Treatment
Authors: Rosario Thainá C. do , Soares Fabíola L. P. , Soares Louise V. O. , Gallavotti Julia S. N. , Rodrigues Isabela S. , Prado Camila B. do , Podestá Olívia P. G. de , Viana Katia Cirlene G. , Rocha Ricardo M. , Lenzi Jeferson , Podestá José Roberto V. de , Souza Evandro D. de , Haraguchi Fabiano K. , Petarli Glenda B. , Leopoldo André S. , Salaroli Luciane B.
Published: December 2024

Background: As head and neck cancer (HNC) affects regions directly related to the digestive tract, it is consistently associated with nutritional impact symptoms (NISs), which further reduce food intake and affect nutritional status. Early identification of patients with NIS can assist therapy.

Method: This is a cross‐sectional study with HNC patients from a cancer reference hospital. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected, along with information on nutritional risk screening and screening for NIS.

Results: Cancer in the larynx (p = 0.031) showed a 6.67 lower NIS score than that in the oral cavity. Ex‐smokers (p = 0.019) showed a 5.87 lower NIS score and nutritional risk (p = 0.009) increased NIS scores by 6.15 points.

Conclusion: Tumor location, smoking, and the presence of nutritional risk influence the quantity and severity of NIS.
Evaluating the Measures to Promote Sustainable Transport Infrastructure: A Case of City of Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Ngcobo Ntebo , Akinradewo Opeoluwa , Mokoena Phindile
Published: December 2024

The transition towards sustainable transport infrastructure requires comprehensive measures that address the complex interplay between economic, environmental and social factors. The surge in road traffic levels poses a primary threat to metropolitan areas, leading to congestion and reduced feasibility of public transportation, ultimately impacting accessibility. Addressing the environmental impact of transportation, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and implementing green cover cultivation and electric transport infrastructure policies are crucial steps in achieving sustainable transportation in urban areas. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate measures to promote sustainable transport infrastructure in Johannesburg. The paper adopted a quantitative research method with the targeted respondents as people responsible for the delivery and construction of the road infrastructure. The questionnaires were also in the form of closed‐ended multiple‐choice questions. The respondents’ responses were analysed using the mean item score (MIS) and factor analysis. The findings revealed that the primary measures to improve the sustainability of existing transportation infrastructure are promoting green infrastructure construction, enhancing transportation facilities to attract more public transportation users, such as safe taxi ranks and embracing traffic management measures. The study concluded by emphasising the increasing recognition of green infrastructure as a holistic strategy to address environmental challenges and improve transportation efficiency within current urban transport systems. It is therefore recommended that cities prioritise the integration of green infrastructure, including eco‐friendly transit systems, renewable energy sources and eco‐corridors, into urban transport systems to address environmental challenges and improve transportation efficiency.
Genetic Diversity of Sangihe Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) Based on Morphological and ISSR Markers
Authors: Agustina Tanti , Chasani Abdul Razaq , Daryono Budi Setiadi , Rifqi Muhammad Said
Published: December 2024

Sangihe nutmeg is an important crop because of its usefulness in the pharmacology, spices and cosmetics industries. Sangihe is the oldest active subduction zone island in the Indonesia–Philippines region, where frequent tectonic earthquakes and the geographic and reproductive isolation of Sangihe nutmeg occur. This isolation results in adaptation and speciation because of increasing variability. Using morphological and molecular approaches, we aimed to assess the genetic variety of Sangihe nutmeg based on morphological and intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. In total, 31 morphological characteristics were examined, and molecular data of ISSR markers using five primers were analysed based on numerical taxonomy using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal component analysis (PCA) methods. Results showed five major groups of Sangihe nutmeg based on seed variation, that is, thick round, thin round, thick oval, thin oval, and twin seeds, whereas the presence of variation in molecular characters was indicated by DNA polymorphisms between 0% and 33.33%. The phenetic relationships within Sangihe nutmeg, based on morphological and ISSR markers, exhibit two groups with different member compositions. The major morphological characteristics influencing the phenetic relationship pattern were tree shape, leaf shape, fruit shape, number of fractions when ripe, fruit size index, number of fruit indentations, indentation, aryl density, seed shell, and number of seeds.
Investigating Oral Cancer Awareness Among Medical and Dental Students: A Cross‐Sectional Study in the South Canara Region of India
Authors: Agarwal Shubham , Manaktala Nidhi , Natarajan Srikant , Boaz Karen
Published: December 2024

Oral cancer is responsible for increased mortality, especially in the Indian subcontinent. Habits like smoking and tobacco chewing are among the most common causes of oral cancer. Previously, these habits were seen mainly in the elderly; however, the trends have seemed to increase in the younger generation. Awareness regarding oral cancer is essential during the early years of a healthcare expert for effective diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate oral cancer awareness among medical and dental students. A cross‐sectional study including 144 medical and 112 dental undergraduate students was designed. A validated 12‐question questionnaire on oral cancer awareness was distributed to medical and dental undergraduate students. The collated data were analyzed statistically using tests of proportion. Dental students were more likely to examine oral mucosa routinely (χ2 = 9.585, p = 0.002) and observe oral lesions like proliferative growth (χ2 = 71.763, p < 0.001), while medical students reported higher incidences of poor oral hygiene (χ2 = 7.667, p = 0.006) and tobacco usage (χ2 = 6.337, p = 0.012). Both groups expressed a need for more education on oral cancer, with dental students showing a stronger preference (χ2 = 7.526, p = 0.006). Referral to an oral surgeon was preferred among both groups. The dental students felt a lack of sufficient knowledge on oral cancer. It was observed that the knowledge and information regarding cancer‐related symptoms was more among medical students. However, overall awareness regarding oral cancer was higher in dental students compared to medical students. It was concluded that medical students exhibited more knowledge about oral cancer causes, while dental students were more aware of its signs and symptoms. Educational interventions should be introduced early to reduce diagnostic delays and prevent cancer progression.
The novel SSTR3 full agonist ITF2984 shows antitumor properties against pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (Pan-NETs)
Authors: Bistika Margarita , Marangelo Alessandro , Ascione Francesco , Valentini Nicole , Fedeli Francesco , Schrader Jörg , Modena Daniela , Steinkühler Christian , Pellegata Natalia S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) binding to and activating somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) have been extensively used for the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The currently approved synthetic SSAs have high affinity for SSTR2 (octreotide/lanreotide), or for SSTR2 and SSTR5 (pasireotide). These agents have shown symptoms control and antiproliferative effects in subsets of NET patients and this was associated to the expression of the targeted SSTRs. Pancreatic NETs (Pan-NETs) are uncommon tumors with a propensity to metastasize. For unresectable advanced Pan-NETs expressing SSTRs, SSAs are the first-line medical therapy. Pan-NETs express mainly SSTR1, SSTR2 and SSTR3 and thus should respond to agonists targeting SSTR3.
Summary: We evaluated the efficacy of ITF2984, a novel multireceptor agonist with specificity for SSTR3, against Pan-NET cells representative of well differentiated, functioning tumors, and expressing high levels of SSTR3. The effect of ITF2984 on cell proliferation/viability, and on its ability to promote apoptosis and suppress hormone secretion was evaluated in 2D and 3D organotypic culture systems. Pasireotide was tested in parallel for comparative purposes.
Key message: We found that ITF2984 is as effective as pasireotide at inhibiting both proliferation/viability and hormone secretion, as well as at inducing apoptosis of Pan-NET cells grown as both 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids. High-dose ITF2984 elicits structural alterations in Pan-NET 3D spheroids compatible with cell death more effectively than pasireotide. Altogether, ITF2984 may represent a useful alternative to pasireotide for the medical treatment of Pan-NETs and other tumors with elevated SSTR3 expression.
High frequency of CTNNB1 variants associated with benign and malignant liver tumors in patients with Congenital Porto-Systemic Shunts
Authors: Tyraskis Athanasios , Zen Yoh , Strautnieks Sandra , Cook Riley , Foskett Pierre , De Vito Claudio , Deheragoda Maesha , Quaglia Alberto , Heaton Nigel , Davenport Mark , Thompson Richard J.
Published: December 2024

Introduction
Patients born with congenital porto-systemic shunts have been shown to have a high risk of benign and malignant liver tumors in otherwise healthy livers. This study aims to evaluate the genetic landscape of tumors in congenital porto-systemic shunts (CPSS) and correlate sequencing data with histological findings and clinical evolution.

Methods
Nodules from patients with CPSS and sporadic pediatric focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) or FNH-like nodules were evaluated histologically and sequenced for a panel of 50 genes using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Results
Thirty-eight nodules from 17 patients with CPSS were histologically classified as hepatoblastomas (n=2), hepatocellular carcinomas (n=4), HNF-1α inactivated hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) (n=2), -catenin-activated HCAs (n=5), unclassified HCAs (n=9), and FNH-like nodules (n=16). CTNNB1 variants were detected in of 26/38 nodules (68%) across different histological categories (2/2 hepatoblastomas, 4/4 HCCs, 10/16 HCAs, 10/16 FNH-like nodules), but not in sporadic FNH or FNH-like nodules (0/10). Less frequent variants were identified in APOB, GNAS, HNF1A, SERPINA1, MAML2, PTCH1, G6PC, KMT2C, DICER1, AXIN1, IL6ST and the promoter region of TERT. Germline variants were identified in AXIN1, HFE, SERPINA1, and ZNF521. CTNNB1 variants affecting amino acid positions 32 and 33 are more common in malignant tumors. Mutated regions in background non-tumoral liver were identified in 2 patients. Multiple CTNNB1 variants were identified in 6/7 (86%) of patients with multiple nodules, but no intra-tumoral variation was found.

Discussion
CPSS is strongly associated with nodules containing variants in CTNNB1, irrespective of the histological category. Areas in background liver containing these variants were also identified, and different variants could be identified in individual patients. The high proportion of CTNNB1 variants may explain the higher malignant potential of benign tumors found in CPSS.
Morphological characterization and ecotypic classification of olive varie-ties in Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
Authors: Ahmed Saad , ElHouda Sebbane Nour , Madjid Seghiri Abdel , Djamila Madani
Published: December 2024

The aim of this research is to establish the phenotypic variation that exists in the olive varieties of Olea europaea L. in the Bordj Bou Arreridj region of Algeria. The study examined 18 olive varieties from 20 farms, focusing on the morphological characterisation of fruits, leaves, and endocarps using standard descriptors and precise measurement tools. Significant coefficients of variation were ob-served for the traits studied, indicating substantial differences among the varieties. The highest variability was found in fruit weight, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 48.60%, while leaf length demonstrated the lowest CV at 9.77%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) primarily distinguished three different ecotypic groups based on fruit and endocarp size and shape parameters. The Bray-Curtis similarity analysis revealed compositional similarities among some of the local variants, providing insights into their po-tential genetic relationships. Notably, the study reports the presence of the rare Leucocarpa variety, which had not been previously doc-umented in Algeria. This discovery highlights the importance of thorough regional surveys in uncovering hidden biodiversity. The findings reveal a rich agro-morphological genetic variation in olive ecotypes in the region, which is valuable for genetic conservation efforts and breeding research. This diversity could potentially be exploited to develop cultivars with improved traits such as disease resistance, oil quality, or adaptation to specific environmental condi-tions. Our classification enables targeted breeding, prioritized conser-vation, and optimized cultivation practices, supporting the devel-opment of resilient, locally-adapted varieties and the preservation of valuable genetic resources in the region's olive industry.
Die Gottesmutter als Schiedsrichterin
Authors: Simon Dieter R. , Reinsch Diether R.
Published: December 2024

Among the numerous writings that Psellos left behind, there is small but significant number of legal works. In the speech edited here, which was written und delivered on behalf of Emperor Michael vii Doukas, the focus is on a private arbitration procedure. The unusual and novel aspect lies on the fact that the Virgin Mary herself was appointed as the arbitrator. Psellos provides a detailed description of the approach, course and outgoing of this unique process.