bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classical clock synchronization for quantum communications using the quantum channel
Authors: Lohrmann Alexander , Zhai Aileen , Mohageg Makan
Published: October 2023

We present a time synchronization method for correlation of photon
arrival times for quantum communication. The method employs a
low-power, low-frequency synchronization beacon that shares the quantum channel and is detected using
the same single-photon detectors already present in the quantum
communication system. We show experimentally that the system jitter
approaches the system resolution limit with negligible impact on the
quantum channel in realistic use cases. The presented method is
particularly suitable for long distance quantum communication with
large clock drifts, such as quantum links involving satellites.
Direction control of electromagnetic beam scattering by physically stacked cascaded coding metasurfaces
Authors: Li Chenxia , Jiang Jie , Fang Bo , Hong Zhi , Jing Xufeng
Published: October 2023

Coded metasurfaces build a bridge between the physical world and digital worlds, making it possible to manipulate electromagnetic waves and implement programmable metamaterials through digitally coded sequences. This “digital metasurface” based on binary digital logic greatly simplifies the design process of the metasurface and improves the flexibility of regulating electromagnetic waves. Based on the principle of Fourier convolution addition, a physical superposition cascaded metasurface is designed. The metasurface unit consists of three dielectric substrates and four “H”-shaped copper metal patch boards. The addition of most coding metasurfaces is to add two basic coding metasurfaces through the addition rules between digital codes to obtain a new coding sequence, and the new coding sequence has the characteristics of the previous two coding sequences. We propose a physically superimposed cascaded encoding metasurface. By physically superposing two different sequences of metasurfaces, the cascaded metasurface formed after superposition also has the characteristics of the first two basic coding sequences. We experimentally verified the proposed idea using two different dielectric materials, and there was good consistency between the experiment and simulation, thereby verifying the consistency of the metasurface cascade and the phase-encoding element surface addition principle. This design approach has potential applications in multifunctional photonic devices.
Soft-X-ray nanobeams formed by aberration-reduced elliptical mirrors with large numerical aperture
Authors: Shimamura Takenori , Takeo Yoko , Kimura Takashi , Senba Yasunori , Kishimoto Hikaru , Ohashi Haruhiko , Mimura Hidekazu
Published: October 2023

X-ray focusing mirrors often employ the Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) geometry, which sequentially crosses two elliptic-cylindrical mirrors in grazing-incidence configurations. However, KB mirrors do not satisfy the Abbe sine condition and thus potentially expand the focus size with severe coma aberration. Satisfying the Abbe sine condition complicates mirror shapes or increases the number of ultraprecision mirrors required. The present study shows that the focal length and mirror length of KB mirrors have to be shortened to simultaneously achieve a large numerical aperture and reduced aberration. Such ultracompact KB (ucKB) mirrors are examined using a simulation that combines ray tracing and wave propagation. The focus intensity distributions show that ucKB mirrors suppress the aberration produced by their rotation errors and that they robustly achieve diffraction-limited focusing. The simulation results are confirmed in a synchrotron radiation experiment. ucKB mirrors can be advantageous for soft-X-ray nanoprobes, which require focusing devices to achieve a large numerical aperture.
All-fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature based on hole-assisted three-core fiber
Authors: Liu Yu , Gao Shan , Yang Jing , Duan Zhenyu , Ye Peng , Cai Linhui , Zhu Zheng , Shi Jinhui , Yang Jun , Yuan Libo , Guan Chunying
Published: October 2023

A hole-assisted three-core fiber (HATCF) has been proposed as a sensor for simultaneous measurement of refractive index (RI) and temperature. An 8 mm long HATCF is fused between two single mode fibers (SMFs). One air hole of the HATCF is opened by femtosecond laser ablation technique to expose a suspended core to the external environment. Due to the same diameters of the two suspended cores, the resonance couplings between the center core and the two suspended cores occur at the same wavelength, which leads to a strong resonance dip. When the solution is filled into the open air hole, the resonance dip is split in two dips because the phase matching wavelength between center core and the suspended core in the open air hole is changed. Simultaneous measurement of RI and temperature can be achieved by monitoring the wavelengths of the two dips. The measured RI and temperature sensitivities are 1369 nm/RIU in the range of 1.333–1.388 and 83.48 pm/°C in the range of 25–70 °C. The proposed sensor has outstanding advantages such as simple structure, high integration and dual parameter measurement, making it a potential application in the field of biological detection.
Dark-field and directional dark-field on low-coherence x ray sources with random mask modulations: validation with SAXS anisotropy measurements
Authors: Magnin Clara , Quénot Lauréne , Bohic Sylvain , Mihai Cenda Dan , Fernández Martínez Manuel , Lantz Blandine , Faure Bertrand , Brun Emmanuel
Published: October 2023

Phase-contrast imaging, dark-field, and directional dark-field imaging are recent x ray imaging modalities that have been demonstrated to reveal different information and contrast from those provided by conventional x ray imaging. Access to these new types of images is currently limited because the acquisitions require coherent sources such as synchrotron radiation or complicated optical setups. This Letter demonstrates the possibility of efficiently performing phase-contrast, dark-field, and directional dark-field imaging on a low-coherence laboratory system equipped with a conventional x ray tube, using a simple, fast, and robust single-mask technique.
Broadband 1.0 µm emission in Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glasses and fibers for photonic applications
Authors: Tang Guowu , Song Xiangyang , Yang Dongliang , Wu Minbo , Zhang Fangteng , Zhao Weiren , Qian Qi , Yang Zhongmin
Published: October 2023

In this work, the spectroscopic properties of 1.0 µm emission in Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glasses were systematically investigated under 808 nm excitation. Notably, broadband 1.0 µm emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 96 nm was obtained in the phosphate glass doped with 2 mol.% Nd2O3 and 1 mol.% Yb2O3. In addition, the energy transfer microscopic parameter and transfer efficiency were analyzed. What is more, multimaterial fibers with Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass core and silicate cladding were successfully drawn by using the molten core method. An intense 1.0 µm amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) can be realized in a 3 cm long multimaterial fiber. More importantly, the FWHM of the ASE can reach as large as 60 nm when excited at 976 nm. These results demonstrate that the Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glasses and fibers are promising gain materials for amplifier and laser applications in photonics.
Genome wide association joint analysis reveals 99 risk loci for pain susceptibility and pleiotropic relationships with psychiatric, metabolic, and immunological traits
Authors: Mocci Evelina , Ward Kathryn , Perry James A. , Starkweather Angela , Stone Laura S. , Schabrun Siobhan M. , Renn Cynthia , Dorsey Susan G. , Ament Seth A.
Published: October 2023

Chronic pain is at epidemic proportions in the United States, represents a significant burden on our public health system, and is coincident with a growing opioid crisis. While numerous genome-wide association studies have been reported for specific pain-related traits, many of these studies were underpowered, and the genetic relationship among these traits remains poorly understood. Here, we conducted a joint analysis of genome-wide association study summary statistics from seventeen pain susceptibility traits in the UK Biobank. This analysis revealed 99 genome-wide significant risk loci, 65 of which overlap loci identified in earlier studies. The remaining 34 loci are novel. We applied leave-one-trait-out meta-analyses to evaluate the influence of each trait on the joint analysis, which suggested that loci fall into four categories: loci associated with nearly all pain-related traits; loci primarily associated with a single trait; loci associated with multiple forms of skeletomuscular pain; and loci associated with headache-related pain. Overall, 664 genes were mapped to the 99 loci by genomic proximity, eQTLs, and chromatin interaction and ~15% of these genes showed differential expression in individuals with acute or chronic pain compared to healthy controls. Risk loci were enriched for genes involved in neurological and inflammatory pathways. Genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization indicated that psychiatric, metabolic, and immunological traits mediate some of these effects.
Sensing of H2O2-induced oxidative stress by the UPF factor complex is crucial for activation of catalase-3 expression in Neurospora
Authors: Shen Shuangjie , Zhang Chengcheng , Meng Yuanhao , Cui Guofei , Wang Ying , Liu Xiao , He Qun
Published: October 2023

UPF-1-UPF-2-UPF-3 complex-orchestrated nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a well-characterized eukaryotic cellular surveillance mechanism that not only degrades aberrant transcripts to protect the integrity of the transcriptome but also eliminates normal transcripts to facilitate appropriate cellular responses to physiological and environmental changes. Here, we describe the multifaceted regulatory roles of the Neurospora crassa UPF complex in catalase-3 (cat-3) gene expression, which is essential for scavenging H2O2-induced oxidative stress. First, losing UPF proteins markedly slowed down the decay rate of cat-3 mRNA. Second, UPF proteins indirectly attenuated the transcriptional activity of cat-3 gene by boosting the decay of cpc-1 and ngf-1 mRNAs, which encode a well-studied transcription factor and a histone acetyltransferase, respectively. Further study showed that under oxidative stress condition, UPF proteins were degraded, followed by increased CPC-1 and NGF-1 activity, finally activating cat-3 expression to resist oxidative stress. Together, our data illustrate a sophisticated regulatory network of the cat-3 gene mediated by the UPF complex under physiological and H2O2-induced oxidative stress conditions.
Improving the clinical recognition, prognosis, and treatment of melioidosis through epidemiology and clinical findings: The Sabah perspective
Authors: Hussin Ainulkhir , Nor Rahim Mohd Yusof , Dalusim Frederick , Shahidan Muhammad Ashraf , Nathan Sheila , Ibrahim Nazlina
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Melioidosis is a deadly endemic disease in northern Australia and Southeast Asia, including Sabah, Malaysia, which is caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It contributes to high fatality rates, mainly due to misdiagnosis leading to the wrong treatment being administered to the patients. Local epidemiology and data on clinical features could assist clinicians during diagnosis and treatment. However, these details are still scarce, particularly in Sabah.

Methods

A retrospective study of 246 culture-confirmed melioidosis cases in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Sabah, Malaysia was performed between 2016 and 2018. The epidemiological data and clinical and laboratory findings were extracted and analysed.

Results

The annual incidence of culture-confirmed melioidosis cases was estimated to be 4.97 per 100,000 people. The mean age of the patients was 50±15 years. Males and members of the Kadazan-Dusun ethnic group accounted for the majority of the melioidosis cases. The odds ratio analysis indicated that bacteraemic melioidosis in this region was significantly associated with fever (76%), and patients having at least one underlying illness (43%), including diabetes mellitus (32%). Sixty-eight patients (28%) succumbed to melioidosis. Contrary to what is known regarding factors that promote bacteraemic melioidosis, neither patients with fever nor patients with at least one comorbid disease, including diabetes mellitus, were significantly associated with death from melioidosis. There was no statistically significant difference between patients without comorbidities (24, 27%) and those with at least one comorbid disease (26, 25%), including diabetes mellitus (18, 23%). The odds ratios indicate that melioidosis mortality in this region is related to patients showing respiratory organ-associated symptoms (29%), bacteraemia (30%), and septic shock (47%). Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in this study were highly susceptible to ceftazidime (100%), imipenem (100%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (98%).

Conclusions

Information obtained from this study can be used by clinicians to recognise individuals with the highest risk of acquiring melioidosis, estimate an accurate prognosis, and provide effective treatment for melioidosis patients to reduce death from melioidosis.
Attentive transformer deep learning algorithm for intrusion detection on IoT systems using automatic Xplainable feature selection
Authors: Zegarra Rodríguez Demóstenes , Daniel Okey Ogobuchi , Maidin Siti Sarah , Umoren Udo Ekikere , Kleinschmidt João Henrique
Published: October 2023

Recent years have witnessed an in-depth proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems linked to Industry 4.0 technology. The increasing rate of IoT device usage is associated with rising security risks resulting from malicious network flows during data exchange between the connected devices. Various security threats have shown high adverse effects on the availability, functionality, and usability of the devices among which denial of service (DoS) and distributed denial of service (DDoS), which attempt to exhaust the capacity of the IoT network (gateway), thereby causing failure in the functionality of the system have been more pronounced. Various machine learning and deep learning algorithms have been used to propose intelligent intrusion detection systems (IDS) to mitigate the challenging effects of these network threats. One concern is that although deep learning algorithms have shown good accuracy results on tabular data, not all deep learning algorithms can perform well on tabular datasets, which happen to be the most commonly available format of datasets for machine learning tasks. Again, there is also the challenge of model explainability and feature selection, which affect model performance. In this regard, we propose a model for IDS that uses attentive mechanisms to automatically select salient features from a dataset to train the IDS model and provide explainable results, the TabNet-IDS. We implement the proposed model using the TabNet algorithm based on PyTorch which is a deep-learning framework. The results obtained show that the TabNet architecture can be used on tabular datasets for IoT security to achieve good results comparable to those of neural networks, reaching an accuracy of 97% on CIC-IDS2017, 95% on CSE-CICIDS2018 and 98% on CIC-DDoS2019 datasets.
Which news topics drive economic prosperity in China?
Authors: Lu Wanbo , Wang Yifu , Zhang Xingjian
Published: October 2023

Precise and real-time measurements of economic prosperity are vital to a country’s economic system. This study aims to identify news topics that promoted economic prosperity in China from 2011–2021. By extracting economic topics from news text data, we construct a news coincidence index with comprehensive information and strong timeliness and reveal the trend of topic contribution. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model is applied to extract economic topics from the news. We use a mixed-frequency dynamic factor model to track rapid economic development without using high-frequency weekly and daily data. We identify the six most influential topics and investigate their evolution, which may serve as a reference for economic construction and regulation.
Effect of having and switching multiple avatars on the operator’s right to talk and receive social support
Authors: Mehmood Faisal , Mahzoon Hamed , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi
Published: October 2023

People with communication difficulties encounter several challenges in their daily online interactions, such as a limited right to talk (RoT), insufficient social support (SS), and a low sense of being attended to (SoBA). Computer-mediated technologies are limited in addressing such problems owing to their limited capacity in transferring verbal and nonverbal cues between users. In this study, to address the limited RoT, low SS, and low SoBA challenges, we proposed a robotic video conference system with two teleoperated robot avatars. The proposed system was compared with another robotic video conference system that adopts only one teleoperated robot avatar. In the field experiment, 37 participants took part in two discussion sessions using each system type, where RoT, SS, and SoBA were adopted as the measured indices. The proposed system significantly increased the users’ RoT and SS compared with other robotic video conference systems. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the effect exerted by the type of robotic video conference adopted on users’ feelings about RoT, SS, and SoBA.
Digital transformation and total factor productivity: Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Lei Zhonghao , Wang Dongmei
Published: October 2023

Digital transformation plays a crucial role in improving the quality development of companies in this era of digital economy with ever-changing technologies. This paper empirically investigates the impact of corporate digital transformation on total factor productivity and the mechanism of action, using A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011–2021 as the research sample, and found that the digital transformation of companies significantly improves total factor productivity, with the plausibility of the findings being verified by a series of robustness tests. Based on the heterogeneity study, it is found that such effect is stronger for private companies, non-high-tech companies, and companies with a high degree of industry competition. The mechanism test indicates that digital transformation facilitates total factor productivity through four ways: strengthening company technological innovation, reducing operational costs, increasing resource allocation efficiency, and improving human capital structure. The findings of this paper support a better understanding of the micro effects of digital transformation and provide empirical evidence for policy formulation and adjustment.
The impact mechanism of China’s green finance on the transformation and innovation of high-energy-consumption enterprises
Authors: Xiang Weimin , Lan Yeqiang , Qi Qiao , Gan Lei
Published: October 2023

The development of green finance and the promotion of green transformation and upgrading of high energy-consuming enterprises are of great significance for China to achieve the "double carbon" goal. This paper employs a dual fixed-effects model to examine the profound ramifications and intrinsic mechanisms of green finance development on the transformative innovation of high-energy-consumption enterprises, using a sample of 462 publicly traded high-energy-consuming corporations from the period spanning 2016 to 2020. The results show that the development of green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of energy-intensive enterprises and that market-incentivized environmental regulation plays a partially mediating role; the results of heterogeneity analysis show that green finance promotes the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises with significant differences in different low-carbon pilot regions, company ownership, and enterprise size; the mechanism analysis shows that the development of green finance can increase government subsidies and alleviate financing constraints to promote the transformation and innovation of high energy-consuming enterprises; it is also found that the development of green finance can significantly improve the financial performance of enterprises. The research findings of this paper hold significant implications for promoting the sustainable development of green finance and high-energy consumption enterprises in China. They provide valuable insights and references for facilitating the green transformation and innovation of high-energy-consuming enterprises in China as well as other developing countries.
Association of urinary sex hormones with mood and behavior changes in a community adolescent cohort
Authors: Hazell Philip , Balzer Ben W. R. , Garden Frances , Handelsman David J. , Paxton Karen , Hawke Catherine , Ivers Rebecca , Skinner S. Rachel , Luscombe Georgina , Steinbeck Katharine S.
Published: October 2023

Objective

To examine the contribution of variation in sex hormone excretion to mood and behavioral changes in adolescent females and males.

Design

Prospective, longitudinal observational cohort study.

Methods

Participants were 342 volunteers aged 10–12 years living in rural Australia. Urinary estradiol and testosterone levels measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were obtained at three-month intervals for three years. Integrated measures (area-under-curve) of urinary steroid excretion summarised as absolute and variability during each 12-month period of the study. Psychosocial data were gathered annually with the primary outcome of depressive symptomatology. Secondary outcomes were the other subscales of the Youth Self-Report, impulsive-aggression, sleep habits, and self-harm.

Results

277 (158 male) participants contributed data over the full duration of the study and could be included in the analyses. In females, analyses of absolute urine hormone levels found no relationship between estradiol and any outcome, but higher testosterone was significantly associated with depression and poorer sleep. Greater variability of both urine estradiol and testosterone was associated with lower total psychopathology, anxious/depressed and social problems scores. Greater variability in urine estradiol was associated with lower attention problems and impulsive aggression in females. In males, higher testosterone and estradiol levels were associated with rule-breaking, and poorer sleep, and no associations were found for gonadal hormone variability for males.

Conclusions

Longitudinal measurement of both iso-sexual and contra-sexual gonadal hormones contributes to a more nuanced view of the impact of sex steroids on mood and behavior in adolescents. These findings may enlighten the understanding of the impact of sex steroids during normal male and female puberty with implications for hormone replacement therapies as well as management of common mood and behavioral problems.
SARS-CoV-2 suppresses TLR4-induced immunity by dendritic cells via C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN
Authors: van der Donk Lieve E. H. , Bermejo-Jambrina Marta , van Hamme John L. , Volkers Mette M. W. , van Nuenen Ad C. , Kootstra Neeltje A. , Geijtenbeek Teunis B. H.
Published: October 2023

SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, an infectious disease with symptoms ranging from a mild cold to severe pneumonia, inflammation, and even death. Although strong inflammatory responses are a major factor in causing morbidity and mortality, superinfections with bacteria during severe COVID-19 often cause pneumonia, bacteremia and sepsis. Aberrant immune responses might underlie increased sensitivity to bacteria during COVID-19 but the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 directly suppresses immune responses to bacteria. We studied the functionality of human dendritic cells (DCs) towards a variety of bacterial triggers after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein and SARS-CoV-2 primary isolate (hCoV-19/Italy). Notably, pre-exposure of DCs to either SARS-CoV-2 S protein or a SARS-CoV-2 isolate led to reduced type I interferon (IFN) and cytokine responses in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas other TLR agonists were not affected. SARS-CoV-2 S protein interacted with the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN and, notably, blocking DC-SIGN with antibodies restored type I IFN and cytokine responses to LPS. Moreover, blocking the kinase Raf-1 by a small molecule inhibitor restored immune responses to LPS. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 modulates DC function upon TLR4 triggering via DC-SIGN-induced Raf-1 pathway. These data imply that SARS-CoV-2 actively suppresses DC function via DC-SIGN, which might account for the higher mortality rates observed in patients with COVID-19 and bacterial superinfections.
Estrategias de composición del espacio visual en el álbum para la reflexión ecocrítica
Authors: Martínez-Carratalá Francisco Antonio , Rovira Collado José , Miras Sebastián
Published: October 2023

La reflexión sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) se ha convertido en uno de los aspectos fundamentales en el discurso sociocultural, que interpela a la ciudadanía en el desarrollo de una conciencia crítica sobre el actual modelo económico. Estos objetivos plantean la necesidad de promover el cambio en cuestiones relacionadas con diferentes niveles de actuación relativas a la economía, justicia social y desarrollo medioambiental. Para desarrollar esta conciencia es necesaria una aproximación al impacto del desarrollo del modelo capitalista y neoliberal del presente, así como a sus implicaciones históricas: una mirada que integre el pasado para comprender el presente y avanzar hacia un futuro sostenible. En este sentido, el libro álbum es uno de los elementos esenciales para la socialización desde las primeras etapas educativas, cuyos elementos semánticos y semióticos le convierten en un tipo de texto multimodal. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar un corpus de ocho álbumes que integran lo temporal en la forma de secuenciar su narrativa visual. Empleando una metodología de análisis descriptiva y que incorpora las aportaciones del análisis semiótico, se muestra cómo el empleo de una técnica fotográfica a partir del plano fijo de un mismo espacio permite la reflexión sobre las consecuencias en el espacio urbano en el transcurrir del tiempo. En el análisis se discute la importancia de incorporar narraciones que abandonen la perspectiva antropocéntrica para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico sobre qué implica el concepto de sostenibilidad en nuestras sociedades actuales, y cómo se precisa una mediación para facilitar el diálogo sobre estas cuestiones. Finalmente, se concluye que la selección de lecturas no solo debe ahondar en el tema o un ODS concreto, sino en las implicaciones comunicativas desde la retórica empleada en las imágenes a partir del análisis multimodal.
The Power of Political Discussion: Uncovering the Influence of Networks on Vote Choice and its Mechanisms
Authors: García Sánchez Miguel , Botero Felipe
Published: October 2023

This paper explores the influence of political discussion networks on vote choice. We ask two questions: What type of discussion networks influence vote choice? And, what are the mechanisms through which discussion networks influence voting behavior? We argue that discussing politics with others affects electoral decisions when citizens are surrounded by discussants whose political views are homogeneous and that this influence can operate through two mechanisms: information and social pressure. Using data from a two-wave panel study conducted in Bogotá before and after the 2011 local elections, we find evidence of the effects of social networks on voter behavior. The homogeneity of discussion networks is correlated with a change in vote choice, and this link appears to be driven both by information and social pressure.
Kilábalás a COVID-válságból – Empirikus bizonyítékok és tapasztalatok Magyarországról és Szlovákiából
Authors: Szeiner Zsuzsanna , Poór József , Juhász Tímea , Balázs Klaudia
Published: October 2023

Már a világjárvány kihirdetésekor egyértelmű volt a közgazdászok, gazdasági elemzők és a politikai döntéshozók számára, hogy a világjárvány és a megfékezésére irányuló intézkedések gazdasági válságot fognak előidézni világszerte. A gazdaságon kívülről érkező válságokra nem volt felkészülve a világ, hasonló világjárvány csaknem száz évvel ezelőtt a spanyolnátha idején volt tapasztalható, a világgazdaság azonban abban az időben a mai formájában még nem létezett. Az országok és szervezetek vezetői kettős dilemmával szembesültek, milyen intézkedésekkel lehet biztosítani a járvány megfékezését úgy, hogy a gazdaságot a lehető legkisebb mértékben érintse negatívan a védekezés. A szerzők tanulmánya egy kétországos együttműködésben megvalósított empirikus kutatás eredményeire támaszkodik, amelyben közép- és felső vezetők válaszait mérték fel Szlovákiában és Magyarországon, hogy megtudják, milyen lehetőségek állnak rendelkezésükre a COVID-válságból való kilábaláshoz, hogyan élték meg az elmúlt időszakot, és milyen kilátásokkal tekintetnek a jövőbe.
COVID-19 várható hatása az ENSZ 8. Fenntartható Fejlődési Cél alakulására Magyarországon a szakszervezetek körében végzett kutatás alapján
Authors: Riedelmayer Bernadett , Ásványi Zsófia , Sipos Norbert , Barakonyi Eszter , Galambosné Tiszberger Mónika
Published: October 2023

A szerzők tanulmányukban egy 2021-ben végzett ILO-felmérés eredményeit specifikálják és értelmezik Magyarország vonatkozásában. A globális felmérés szakszervezeti vezetők véleménye alapján értékelte azt, hogy a COVID-19 hogyan hat, milyen mértékben serkenti vagy hátráltatja az ENSZ Agenda 2030 által deklarált 8. Fenntartható Fejlődési Cél (Sustainable Development Goal, SDG8) megvalósulását. Az SDG8 által megfogalmazott „Tisztességes munka és gazdasági növekedés” vonatkozásában a szakszervezetek, mint a munkavállalók munkaviszonnyal kapcsolatos érdekeinek védelmében eljáró intézmények véleménye meghatározó, bár korántsem kizárólagos. A szerzők úgy vélik, hogy a magyar szakszervezeti vezetők álláspontjának megismerése fontos mind a hazai munkaerőpiacot alakító állami SDG8 aktivitások, mind a szervezeti döntéshozók szempontjából. A kutatásban online kérdőíves felmérés eszközével feltárják a magyar szakszervezeti vezetők általános informáltságát az SDG8 célkitűzéseivel összefüggésben, illetve a COVID-19 SDG8 megvalósulására gyakorolt hatásait nemzetgazdasági és szervezeti szinten egyaránt. Eredményeiket a globális ILO-kutatás eredményeivel összehasonlításban tárgyalják. A tanulmánnyal nem titkolt céljuk az is, hogy az SDG-k jelentőségéről folyó szakmai diskurzust fenntartsák és erősítsék.
Religiositas dan Fertilitas Perempuan Muslim Milenial dalam Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi
Authors: Kusnali Asep
Published: October 2023

Beberapa negara mayoritas Muslim termasuk Indonesia telah mendukung praktik penggunaan kontrasepsi. Walaupun demikian, religiositas mempengaruhi penggunaan kontrasepsi cukup beragam, terutama bagi Muslim milenial yang cenderung memilih praktik Islamisme sebagai tren dalam kehidupannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara religiositas dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi pada perempuan Muslim milenial di Indonesia. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional dan menggunakan data Indonesia Family Life Survey gelombang ke-5 untuk menghasilkan model multinomial logistic. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan positif antara religiositas dengan penggunaan kontrasepsi modern oleh perempuan Muslim milenial, namun penggunaan kontrasepsi tidak menghalangi mereka memiliki keluarga besar. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya  penguatan peran  serta  masyarakat melalui pembinaan keluarga terkait pengaturan jarak kehamilan yang memperhatikan aspek agama, kondisi perkembangan  sosial  budaya,  serta  tata  nilai yang  hidup  dalam  masyarakat.
SPATIAL CONFLICT, LOCAL POLITICS, AND THE PRESENCE OF ISLAMIC SOCIAL MOVEMENTS; GNPF Ulama in Medan
Authors: Riza Faisal , Nasution Hasyimsyah , Katimin Katimin
Published: October 2023

Recently, cities in Indonesia are filled with the phenomenon of political movements from Islamic circles. They often carry out mobilization actions and street protests to negotiate the interests they carry which are considered as an attempt to color urban life. This article aims to discuss the presence of the Islamic social movement GNPF Ulama North Sumatra (hereinafter referred to as GNPF), to investigate the factors and key actors in the emergence of the movement, and the implications of the movement they played. This article is part of a field research conducted by observing and interviewing several movement activists. Then, the analysis in this article uses social movement theory. In this study, social movement theory is used in this case the political process and the structure of political opportunity. The findings in this article are that social movements are a reaction to the tightness of the socio-economic and political space. The emergence of Islamic social movements in contemporary Indonesian urban space is not only driven by old factors such as the influence of colonialism, moreover its emergence is driven by the process of modernization and urbanization of the city which results in spatial conflicts between business and religion. In addition, electoral political events at the local level also encourage the emergence of movements along with the existence of movement actors who also act as political actors. Here I argue that all the factors that have been mentioned have given rise to a broader aspect of studying how a movement arises
VARIASI PRAKTIK KONSUMSI HALAL: Studi Etnografi pada Masyarakat Minoritas Muslim di Bali dan Minahasa
Authors: Amin Ali , Semmawi Ramli
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the practice of halal consumption among minority Muslim communities in Bali and North Sulawesi. Unlike many other parts of Indonesia, Bali and North Sulawesi have a dominant non-Muslim society along with their non-halal diet tradition. As many studies on minority groups have shown that being a minority group is prone to a cultural transformation. The author highlights how Muslims strategize their halal consumption practices in the setting of a dominantly non-Muslim and multicultural community. This study questions whether Muslims’ context as a minority influenced their behavior toward halal food (product) consumption. Which cultural factors have influenced Muslims’ practices of halal consumption in the setting of different cultures and societies? Using the ethnographic strategy in Bali and North Sulawesi the authors conclude two findings: First Muslim halal consumption is more influenced by the set of skills, habits, customs, and lifestyles called the cultural repertoire of each individual Muslim. Secondly, ideas, concepts, and moral norms (ideology) could also be very influential on Muslims’ behavior during a transitional time. This article also describes cultural repertoire, ideology, and transitional period which is influential to the Muslims’Inclusive and exclusive halal consumption practice.
GEN-Z MUSLIMS, SOCIAL MEDIA AND FORMLESS-SPIRITUAL: An Explorative Study of Mosque Youth in Medan City
Authors: Hidayat Ziaulhaq , Hasan Matsum  , Azhari Akmal Tarigan
Published: October 2023

The article discusses spiritual understanding in the Gen-Z Muslim group, which is explored through Mosque Youth in Medan City. Spiritual issues for the Gen-Z Muslim group are considered important because they are believed to be able to bring a more guided direction. This study poses research questions about who Gen-Z Muslims are, what spiritual sources and how Gen-Z Muslim groups understand spiritual forms. The research method uses a qualitative method that describes a phenomenon in a descriptiveanalytical manner. This type of research is explorative, which seeks to deepen knowledge or discover new theories. The primary source of data is Mosque youth in Medan City. Data collection by observation, focus group, and documentation. Then, data analysis was done through reduction to summarize the data found to be grouped and presented through in-depth analysis. This research found that Gen-Z Muslims, as a group of youth mosques which are still students, gain religious knowledge from recitation and involvement with religious organizations and are shaped by social media. Sources of spiritual knowledge still need to be more authoritative. Finally, the research confirms that Gen -Z Muslims spiritual does not have a clear form because not resourced from resource authoritative.
Konsep Pendidikan Islam di Era Globalisasi: Studi Pemikiran KH. Abdurrahman Wahid
Authors: Hidayat Arif
Published: October 2023

This research aims to explore the concept of Islamic education in the era of globalization from the perspective of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid. The study is based on concerns about the impact of globalization, referred to as "future shock" by the renowned futurologist Alvin Toffler. The researcher observes that the education sector in Indonesia lacks a clear concept to face this wave of globalization. Therefore, this study seeks to delve into the concept of Islamic education in the era of globalization, characterized by neo-modernism, which involves preserving traditional values while incorporating Western modernization. The research adopts the Library Research method, focusing on various literature sources such as books, articles, and newspapers. Data collection employs documentary techniques. The study utilizes a historical-philosophical approach and content analysis as the analytical method. The findings reveal that the concept of Islamic education in the perspective of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid during the era of globalization consists of three core discussions. Firstly, the goals of Islamic education encompass neomodernism, liberation-based education, and multiculturalism-based education. Secondly, the Islamic education curriculum includes the formation of Islamic personality, Islamic culture development, and the advancement of life sciences, skills, and expertise. Thirdly, the methods of Islamic education involve political, cultural, and socio-cultural strategies. Additionally, the concept of Islamic education from the perspective of KH. Abdurrahman Wahid exhibits an eclectic ideology, indicating its distinctive characteristics in the realm of educational ideology. This research hopes that the concept can serve as an alternative reference for the education sector in Indonesia to confront the challenges of globalization.
Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar dan Implikasinya Terhadap Desain Model Perkuliahan PAI di Perguruan Tinggi Islam
Authors: Ibadin Hasan , Musthofa Musthofa , Arifi Ahmad
Published: October 2023

The progress of science and technology causes cultural, social, political, and economic changes as well as the world of work. There are jobs that are missing or that are popping up according to today's profession. For example, the PAI teaching profession does not only know educational theory but needs to master various other disciplines. Because of this, it is necessary to increase the development of human resources for superior Islamic education graduates who are ready to go according to the needs of society, industry, and experience in the world of work. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of Islamic Religious Higher Education in improving and building superior human resources in the PAI Study Program after the publication of the independent learning-free campus curriculum. This study uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The results of this study indicate that there is support for Islamic tertiary institutions to apply this policy, namely by making a design model for the implementation of the Merdeka curriculum program that is applied to the PAI study program. The design described is by providing three semester learning rights with three models in the implementation of lectures (block, non-block, and regular models). This program opens wide opportunities for PAI students to enrich and improve their insights and competencies in the real world according to their passion and aspirations.
Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani: Paradigma Pengajaran Multidimensi
Authors: Muhammad Hasman Zhafiri , Imawan Dzulkifli Hadi , Majid Muhammad Fuad Fathul
Published: October 2023

This research aims to analyze the educational thought of Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani. Influenced significantly by his father and prominent scholars, Syekh Nawawi's profound love for religious knowledge motivated him to pursue various disciplines, emphasizing the obligation of seeking knowledge for the intellectually inclined. The study employs a literature review method to analyze the role of Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani in Islamic education in Nusantara. Data were obtained from primary and secondary literature sources, including scholarly articles and books. Descriptive analysis with triangulation techniques was used to verify and complement the data. The findings highlight Syekh Nawawi Al-Bantani's perspective on education, emphasizing the importance of understanding the universe's existence, human potential, and the purpose of education, while promoting holistic development encompassing physical, intellectual, and spiritual aspects. The implications of his teachings are valuable for contemporary educators, guiding the integration of Islamic values in education and fostering gratitude, humility, and a commitment to lifelong learning, thus producing morally upright individuals actively contributing to society.
Exploring Nurses' Perceptions of Disaster Preparedness Competencies
Authors: Winarti Wiwin , Gracya Naomi
Published: October 2023

Background: Indonesia frequently experiences natural disasters, underscoring the importance of nursing competencies in disaster preparedness. Nevertheless, especially among general nurses, the factors shaping these competencies are not well understood.Purpose: This study aimed to explore Indonesian nurses’ perceptions of disaster preparedness competencies and compare these perceptions across distinct characteristics.Methods: Adopting a cross-sectional design, 230 nurses from all wards of a public hospital in Jakarta Province were selected via quota sampling. The Nurses’ Perceptions of Disaster Core Competencies Scale (NPDCC) questionnaire was utilized to assess nurses’ perceptions of competencies across five domains. The study employed  Chi-square, Fisher’s exact, and Likelihood ratio tests, followed by backward (likelihood ratio) multiple logistic regression, to analyze the relationship between nurses’ characteristics and their perception of disaster preparedness competencies.Results: Results indicated that 51.7% of nurses perceived their disaster competencies as high, with an average score of 175.84(25.017). Further analysis revealed that nurses’ perceptions of these competencies were influenced by education (p=0.002), disaster simulation experience (p=0.036), and awareness of hospital disaster plans (p=0.012), with Nagelkerke’s R2=0.140. Nurses with a diploma qualification were 2.569 times more likely to perceive their skills as lower. Lack of simulation experience and unawareness of the plan further diminished perceived competencies, with ORs of 2.050 and 5.420, respectively.Conclusion: While education, disaster simulation experience, and plan awareness are crucial for nurses’ perceptions of disaster competencies, enhancing other supportive factors is also vital. This study recommends that hospitals increase educational opportunities, emphasizing regular disaster simulations and granting better access to disaster plans, to bolster nurses’ disaster preparedness competencies.
Research on chemical constituents, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer effects of components isolated from Zingiber officinale Roscoe from Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi-Ngan , Nguyen Kim- Anh Thi , Le Tuong-Vi Nguyen , Nguyen Cuu-Khoa , Nguyen Nu-Trinh Thi , Kuo Ping-Chung , Tran Gia-Buu , Le Ngoc-Anh , Tran Thanh-Luu , Nguyen Ngoc-Tuan
Published: October 2023

Ginger, a commonly used spice and medicinal herb, is an abundant source of bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of ginger in the pharmaceutical industry is still moderate and not commensurate with the potential of the Vietnamese horticulture industry, mainly due to a lack of information about the quality of input materials. In this study, we compared the volatile compounds of gingers collected from 13 provinces of Vietnam using GC/MS and GC-FID analysis to provide a basis for selecting and standardizing input materials. Furthermore, ginger essential oil from Ben Tre province of Vietnam exhibited significant antibacterial activity particularly in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria, including S. aureus and S. epidermidis, with inhibition zones of 30.00 ± 1.41 and 24.67 ± 3.30 mm, respectively. However, no significant inhibition was observed against Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa and E. coli. We also isolated 5 non-volatile compounds from ginger extract, namely 6-shogaol (1), quercetin (2), rutin (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5). Among them, compounds 1–3 displayed cytotoxicity against Hep3B, SK-LU-1, MCF-7, SK-LU-1, SW480 and HepG2 tumour cell lines, with an IC50 values ranging between 62.7 ± 2.1 and 97.6 ± 1.1 µM, using Ellipticine as a positive control. Compounds 4 and 5 showed cytotoxicity against Hep3B and HepG2 tumor cells, with the IC50 values ranging between 21.5 ± 5.1 and 46.9 ± 3.7 µM but did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity against SW480 and SK-LU-1 cells. Compound 4 also demonstrated middling cytotoxicity against the MCF7 cell line, with an IC50 value of 43.6 ± 5.1 µM. These findings suggest further applications of Vietnamese ginger for the treatment of infectious and cancer-related diseases.
Engagement von Frauen in ländlichen Räumen
Authors: Bertermann Britta , Reuter Verena
Published: October 2023

Freiwilliges Engagement leistet einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Lebensqualität und Daseinsvorsorge in ländlichen Räumen. Organisationsgerahmtes Engagement steht jedoch vor vielfältigen Herausforderungen, bei denen auch geschlechterbezogene Aspekte eine Rolle spielen. Der Beitrag befasst sich auf der Grundlage eines aktuellen Forschungsprojektes explizit mit dem weiblichen Engagement in ländlichen Regionen und stellt (engagementpolitische) Handlungserfordernisse mit Blick auf die spezifischen Bedarfe von Frauen dar.
Open Government und die Teilnahme Deutschlands an der Open Government Partnership
Authors: Rack Oliver
Published: October 2023

Open Government ist mehr als Beteiligung und Transparenz. Es ist eine Reaktion und eine Proaktion im Zuge der veränderten informationellen Machtverhältnisse durch Technologie, insbesondere durch das World Wide Web. Open Government schafft emanzipatorische Informationsinfrastrukturen, mehr Evidenz im Diskurs und mehr Verbindlichkeit sowie Kontinuität durch intersektorale und Ebenen übergreifenden Zusammenarbeit und Co-Kreation. Open Government ist Teil einer systematischen Grundlage für eine Aufsicht der Öffentlichkeit in einer globalen und offenen Governance aus Berichtswesen, Evaluation und Verbindlichkeitsmechanismen. Die Open Government Partnership bietet einen solchen globalen Verbindlichkeitsmechanismus zur Stärkung von Open Government. OGP ist somit ein Schlüssel-Mechanismus, an dem Deutschland seit 2016 teilnimmt. Obwohl Deutschland durch eine lange Tradition der Partizipation eigentlich gute Voraussetzungen im OGP-Mechanismus hat, liegt es hinter den Erwartungen, auch im internationalen Vergleich. Dabei könnte es insbesondere im Bereich der Multilevel-Governance von Open Government Rollenmodell werden.