bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil drought duration and severity affect cotton boll biomass by altering recovery times and carbon dynamics of subtending leaf
Authors: Zou Jie , Snider John L. , Zhu Honghai , He Jiaqi , Li Yuxia , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Youhua , Meng Yali , Chen Binglin , Zhao Wenqing , Wang Shanshan , Hu Wei
Published: April 2022

Drought appears at flowering and boll formation for cotton frequently. However, reports on the impact of carbon dynamics in the subtending leaf on boll biomass under periodic droughts are limited. To investigate this, experiments were carried out with two cultivars (drought‐tolerant: Dexiamian 1; drought‐sensitive: Yuzaomian 9110), three water levels [soil relative water content (SRWC): control (75 ± 5)%, moderate drought (60 ± 5)%, severe drought (45 ± 5)%] and five drought durations (10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days). A 38‐day drought declined the net photosynthetic rate of subtending leaf, which could be collectively attributed to the reduction in carboxylation with reduced ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and stomal limitation with decreased stomatal conductance, along with the damage of photosynthetic apparatus with depressed maximum and actual photochemical quantum yield, leading to lower starch content. A 38‐day drought also increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (Susy) and expressions of genes (GhSPS1, GhSPS2, GhSusA and GhSusB) associated with these enzymes, causing the accumulation of sucrose content, finally resulting in lower boll biomass. Some of the above parameters fully recovered under more than 17‐day moderate drought or over 10‐day severe drought, but boll biomass still decreased after re‐watering. Under 10‐day moderate drought, all aforementioned indices and boll biomass were completely recovered within 7 days of re‐watering, and the recovery capacity of Yuzaomian 9110 was lower than that of Dexiamian 1. Therefore, rapid recovery of photosynthesis and decline in the subtending leaf sucrose content to pre‐stress levels are important factors in lessening the impacts of drought on boll biomass and are indicative of cultivar tolerance to short‐term moderate water deficit.
A novel strategy for fabricating zirconia implants with a trabecular biomimetic porous surface
Authors: Seesala Venkata Sundeep , Dhara Santanu
Published: April 2022

For successful osseointegration of load‐bearing implants, an improved bone–implant contact area through a trabecular porous surface resulting in minimized stress shielding effect is highly desirable. We propose a novel strategy of green net shaping a ceramic dough, combined with a reticular foam replica method and gradient coating, to fabricate biomimetic porosity in a customizable ceramic dental implant for the first time. About 85 vol% porosity and 300–600‐μm pore size were evident in microCT and electron microscopy of the sintered samples, suitable for bone ingrowth. Excellent integrity at the interface along with homogeneous distribution of secondary alumina phase in zirconia matrix was achieved, despite the difference in the green state powder loading between the dough and the slurry.
Genome‐wide survey on three local horse populations with a focus on runs of homozygosity pattern
Authors: Criscione Andrea , Mastrangelo Salvatore , D’Alessandro Enrico , Tumino Serena , Di Gerlando Rosalia , Zumbo Alessandro , Marletta Donata , Bordonaro Salvatore
Published: April 2022

Purosangue Orientale Siciliano, Sanfratellano and Siciliano represent the Sicilian equine genetic resource. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, population structure and the pattern of autozygosity of Sicilian horse populations using genome‐wide single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data generated with the Illumina Equine SNP70 array. The genotyping data of 17 European and Middle East populations were also included in the study. The patterns of genetic differentiation, model‐based clustering and Neighbour‐Net showed the expected positioning of Sicilian populations within the wide analysed framework and the close connections between the Purosangue Orientale Siciliano and the Arab as well as between Sanfratellano, Siciliano and Maremmano. The highest expected heterozygosity (He) and contemporary effective population size (cNe) were reported in Siciliano (He = 0.323, cNe = 397), and the lowest were reported in Purosangue Orientale Siciliano (He = 0.277, cNe = 10). The analysis of the runs of homozygosity and the relative derived inbreeding revealed high internal homogeneity in Purosangue Orientale Siciliano and Arab horses, intermediate values in Maremmano and Sanfratellano and high heterogeneity in the Siciliano population. The genome‐wide SNP analysis showed the selective pressure on Purosangue Orientale Siciliano towards traits related to endurance performance. Our results underline the importance of planning adequate conservation and exploitation programmes to reduce the level of inbreeding and, therefore, the loss of genetic diversity.
The Juncker Commission as a Politicising Bricoleur and the Renewed Momentum in Social Europe
Authors: Copeland Paul
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the Juncker Commission's strategy to revitalize the legislative aspects of social Europe. Given the inherent obstacles to forging agreements in the field the Commission was required to operationalize a strategy of being a politicalising bricoleur: a bricoleur in the sense it revisited and revised existing tools with the aim of generating change and building an integration moment in social Europe; politicizing in the sense that the Commission exercised social acuity, built broad teams to mobilize for change, and deployed a distinctive discursive strategy. The analysis finds that the Commission had some success, but continued obstacles resulted in reforms being focused on revisions to relatively non‐contentious policies rather than new legislative agreements. The analysis draws attention to the creativity of Commission agency and the constraints within which it operates.
Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin and insulin for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Tong , Cai Yinhe , Tang Liting , Lian Youwei , Liu Min , Liu Chaonan
Published: April 2022

Aims/Introduction

The optimal therapy for latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) remains undefined. Increasing evidence has shown that sitagliptin and insulin treatment can benefit patients with LADA, but the efficacy still lacks systematic evaluation. We carried out this systematic review and meta‐analysis to summarize the current data on the efficacy and safety of sitagliptin combined with insulin on LADA, providing a reliable reference for the effective therapeutic treatment of LADA patients.

Materials and Methods

We retrieved the literature in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI from inception to August 2021. Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of sitagliptin plus insulin with insulin alone in LADA patients were identified. The outcome measures included parameters of glycemic control, β‐cell function, body mass index and adverse events. The Review Manager 5.2 and Stata 14.0 were utilized for data analysis.

Results

Eight randomized controlled trials involving 295 participants were identified. Sitagliptin and insulin treatment lowered hemoglobin A1c (weighted mean difference −0.36, 95% confidence interval −0.61 to −0.10, I2 = 91.6%), increased fasting C‐peptide (weighted mean difference 0.08, 95% confidence interval −0.02 to 0.17, I2 = 88.8%) and had fewer adverse events compared with insulin alone. The inter‐study heterogeneity, potential publication bias and other factors might interpret asymmetrical presentation of funnel plots. There was no significant association between sitagliptin plus insulin treatment and levels of hemoglobin A1c or fasting C‐peptide, regardless of the duration of intervention and sample size.

Conclusions

Sitagliptin combined with insulin can achieve better glycemic control and improve islet β‐cell function with lower incidence of hypoglycemia compared with insulin alone, which provides an effective and tolerated therapeutic regimen for LADA patients. However, further well‐designed and rigorous randomized controlled trials are required to validate this benefit due to the limited methodology quality of included trials.
A novel desmoplakin mutation causes dilated cardiomyopathy with palmoplantar keratoderma as an early clinical sign
Authors: Karvonen V. , Harjama L. , Heliö K. , Kettunen K. , Elomaa O. , Koskenvuo J.W. , Kere J. , Weckström S. , Holmström M. , Saarela J. , Ranki A. , Heliö T. , Hannula‐Jouppi K.
Published: April 2022

Background

PPKs represent a heterogeneous group of disorders with hyperkeratosis of palmar and/or plantar skin. PPK, hair shaft abnormalities, cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias can be caused by mutations in desmosomal genes, e.g. desmoplakin (DSP). PPK should trigger genetic testing to reveal mutations with possible related cardiac disease.

Objectives

To report a large multigenerational family with a novel DSP mutation associated with early‐onset PPK and adult‐onset cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias.

Methods

A custom‐designed in‐house panel of 35 PPK related genes was used to screen mutations in the index patient with focal PPK. The identified DSP mutation was verified by Sanger sequencing. DNA samples from 20 members of the large multigenerational family were sequenced for the DSP mutation. Medical records were reviewed. Clinical dermatological evaluation was performed, including light microscopy of hair samples. Cardiac evaluation included clinical examination, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), electrocardiogram (ECG), Holter monitoring and laboratory tests.

Results

We identified a novel autosomal dominant truncating DSP c.2493delA p.(Glu831Aspfs*33) mutation associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with arrhythmia susceptibility and focal PPK as an early cutaneous sign. The mutation was found in nine affected family members, but not in any unaffected members. Onset of dermatological findings preceded cardiac symptoms which were variable and occurred at adult age.

Conclusions

We report a novel truncating DSP mutation causing focal PPK with varying severity and left ventricular dilatation and ventricular extrasystoles. This finding emphasizes the importance of genetic diagnosis in patients with PPK for clinical counselling and management of cardiomyopathies and arrhythmias.
Thirty‐five years of tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier relative abundance near Bimini, The Bahamas, and the Southeastern United States with a comparison across jurisdictional bounds
Authors: Smukall Matthew J. , Carlson John , Kessel Steven T. , Guttridge Tristan L. , Dhellemmes Félicie , Seitz Andrew C. , Gruber Samuel
Published: April 2022

Abundances of large sharks are reported to have declined worldwide, and in response various levels of fisheries management and conservation efforts have been established. For example, marine‐protected areas have been suggested as a means to protect large expanses of ocean from fishing and other industrial activities (e.g., habitat destruction), and in 2011 The Commonwealth of The Bahamas established The Bahamas Shark Sanctuary. Nonetheless, assessing the effectiveness of conservation efforts is challenging because consistent long‐term data sets of shark abundances are often lacking, especially throughout the Caribbean and The Bahamas. In this study, the authors investigated the catch rates and demographics of tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier caught in a fishery‐independent survey near Bimini, The Bahamas, from 1984 to 2019 to assess relative abundance trends following the banning of longline fishing in 1993 and the subsequent establishment of the shark sanctuary. To contextualize the relative abundance trends near Bimini, the authors compared this to the relative abundance of tiger sharks in a fishery‐dependent survey from the Southeastern USA (SE USA), conducted from 1994 to 2019. The data of this study suggest that local abundance of tiger sharks has been stable near Bimini since the 1980s, including after the ban of longline fishing and the implementation of the shark sanctuary. In comparison, the abundance near the SE USA has slowly increased in the past decade, following potential declines in the decade preceding the USA Shark Management Plan. The results of this study provide some optimism that current conservation efforts in The Bahamas have been effective to maintain local tiger shark abundance within the protected area. In addition, current fisheries management in the SE USA is allowing this species to recover within those waters.
Pregnant People's Perspectives On Cannabis Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Integrative Mixed‐Methods Research Synthesis
Authors: Vanstone Meredith , Panday Janelle , Popoola Anuoluwa , Taneja Shipra , Greyson Devon , McDonald Sarah D. , Pack Rachael , Black Morgan , Murray‐Davis Beth , Darling Elizabeth
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Rates of perinatal cannabis use are rising, despite clinical evidence about the potential for harm. Accordingly, pregnant and lactating people who perceive a benefit from cannabis use may have a difficult time making informed decisions about cannabis use.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of mixed‐methods research to synthesize existing knowledge on the perspectives of pregnant people and their partners about cannabis use in pregnancy. Six health and social science databases were searched up until May 30, 2021. There were no methodological, time, or geographic limits applied. We employed a convergent integrative approach to the inductive analysis of findings from all studies.

Results

We identified 26 studies describing views of 17,781 pregnant and postpartum people about cannabis use in pregnancy. No studies describing the views of partners were identified, and only one study specifically addressed the perspectives of lactating people. Comparative analysis revealed that whether cannabis was studied alone or grouped with other substances resulted in significant diversity in descriptions of participant decision‐making priorities and perceptions of risks and benefits. Studies of cannabis alone demonstrated a complex decision‐making process whereby perceived benefits are balanced against the available information about risk, which is often unclear and uncertain. Clear and helpful information was difficult to identify, and health care providers were not described as a helpful and trusted resource for decision‐making.

Discussion

Decision‐making about cannabis use is difficult for pregnant and lactating people who perceive a benefit from this use, although this decisional difficulty is seldom reflected in studies that examine cannabis as one of multiple substances that pregnant or lactating people may use. Our review suggests several approaches clinicians may take to encourage open and supportive conversations to facilitate informed decisions about cannabis use during the perinatal period.
Irritant contact dermatitis caused by cosmetics containing excessive mercury
Authors: Sun Sihao , Chang Jinxiu , Jiang Xin , Gu Hua
Published: April 2022

Background

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a localized, nonimmune‐induced inflammatory skin reaction, characterized by multiform skin lesions, including erythema, scaling, edema, blisters, and erosion. Mercury and its related compounds are highly allergic agents that can induce allergic contact dermatitis.

Aims

This article aims to clarify the skin damage caused by irritant contact dermatitis caused by the addition of high doses of mercury to skin care products.

Patients

A 30‐year‐old female patient sought treatment at our Institute for contact dermatitis.

Results

Through the patch test of the patients and the component detection of the skin care products her use. A large amount of mercury was found in skin care products, and the patient had no apparent allergic reaction to mercury.

Conclusions

We considered irritant contact dermatitis caused by excess mercury, and the patient's condition improved with treatment.
Button battery taping prevents oesophageal injury
Authors: Wolter Nikolaus E , Wolter Jennifer K , James Adrian L , Ostrow Olivia , McKinnon Nicole K , Everett Tobias , Papsin Blake C , Propst Evan J
Published: April 2022

Aim

Most button battery (BB) ingestions in children are unwitnessed leading to prolonged exposures and severe complications. One third of ingestions occur from free BB, that are stored or awaiting disposal. Recommendations have been made to cover the terminals of discarded BB with adhesive tape; however, it is unclear if this practice prevents injury. Our aim was to determine if tape could prevent oesophageal injury in a cadaveric porcine model.

Methods

Electrical, masking, packing and duct tape were compared. One BB was left untaped. Taped BBs were placed in a cadaveric porcine oesophagus controlled for temperature and humidification. Specimens were assessed at 0, 0.5, and hourly for 6 h by visual inspection, temperature and pH. BB voltage was measured before and after testing. All tests were repeated in triplicate.

Results

Oesophageal specimens demonstrated burn prevention in the packing and duct tape trials. Burns were seen in 2/3 trials with electrical tape and 3/3 trials with masking tape. pH remained neutral throughout the study for all packing and duct tape specimens. pH remained neutral initially for masking tape but increased rapidly to 12 by 2 h. There was no change in battery voltage for the packing tape and duct tape trials. There was a 16.3% reduction in voltage for masking tape which was similar to controls.

Conclusions

Taping BB with packing tape and duct tape prevented oesophageal burns. This may provide a novel method of burn prevention for loose BB intended for disposal.
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, oral transmucosal, and intranasal buprenorphine in healthy male dogs
Authors: Enomoto Hiroko , Love Lydia , Madsen Melanie , Wallace Amber , Messenger Kristen M.
Published: April 2022

Effective management of pain in animals is of critical importance but options are limited for treating acute pain in dogs on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetics of a concentrated solution of buprenorphine, 1.8 mg/ml (Simbadol™) administered intravenously, intranasally, and via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route in healthy male dogs. Five healthy castrated adult male Beagle‐cross dogs were included in this randomized blocked crossover study. The dogs received 0.03 mg/kg body weight buprenorphine intravenously, intranasally, or via the OTM route, with a minimum 72‐h washout period between treatments. Blood samples were collected at multiple intervals up to 24 h post administration and buprenorphine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the area under the curve of intravenous, intranasal, and OTM routes were 28.0 (15.1–41.3) h × ng/ml, 16.1 (3.4–28.7) h × ng/ml and 10.8 (8.8–11.8) h × ng/ml, respectively. The bioavailability of intranasal and OTM routes were 57.5 (22.7–93.7)% and 41.1 (25.5–69.4)%, respectively. Intranasal and OTM routes of administration of concentrated buprenorphine in dogs may allow for the provision of analgesic care at home.
Climate and soil differentially affect species, trait and diversity patterns of woody overstorey and fern understorey in a subtropical forest along an elevation gradient in Taiwan
Authors: Helsen Kenny , Shen Yen‐Cheng , Lin Tsung‐Yi , Chen Chien‐Fan , Huang Chu‐Mei , Li Ching‐Feng , Zelený David
Published: April 2022

Questions

Although the relative importance of climate in abiotic filtering is higher for woody than for herbaceous species assemblages, it is unclear whether this pattern is also reflected between the woody overstorey and herbaceous understorey of forests. The understorey might respond more to small‐scale soil variation, next to experiencing additional abiotic filtering through overstorey effects on light and litter quality. We explored the proportional importance of climate and soil on the species, trait and (functional) diversity patterns of both the forest overstorey and fern and lycophyte understorey.

Location

Subtropical forest along an elevational gradient from 850 to 2100 m a.s.l. in northern Taiwan.

Methods

We measured nine functional traits expected to respond to soil nutrient or climatic stress for woody overstorey species and understorey ferns and lycophytes. Next, we performed parallel constrained ordinations on over‐ and understorey species and trait composition, and multiple regression for species and functional diversity, using measured climate proxies and soil variables as predictors.

Results

Climate was more important than soil in predicting the species composition of both vegetation layers and trait composition of the understorey. The stronger than expected effect of climate for the understorey was likely due to fern and lycophytes’ higher vulnerability to drought, while the higher importance of soil for the overstorey trait composition seemed driven by deciduous species. The environmental drivers affected different response traits in both vegetation layers, and the overstorey had additional effects on understorey traits, resuling in a disconnection of community‐level trait values across layers. Interestingly, species and functional diversity patterns could be almost exclusively explained by climate effects for both layers.

Conclusions

This study illustrates that abiotic filtering can differentially affect species, trait and diversity patterns and can be highly divergent for forest overstorey and fern understorey vegetation, and should consequently not be extrapolated across vegetation layers.
Democratic institutions in Brazilian tourism policy: An analysis of council laws
Authors: Bassani Carolina P. , Gomes Bruno M. A. , Teles Margarete A. , Bonfim Izac de O. B.
Published: April 2022

Inclusiveness, popular control, considered judgment, and transparency are the consensual “goods” democratic innovations should aim to produce, according to an analytical framework designed to study democratic institutions like policy councils. Tourism councils, although not often studied, represent a public policy with potential for local development and have as a peculiarity the predominance of entrepreneurs. These characteristics lead us to ask how the laws established by the councils contemplate participatory democracy. In this article, we carry out documentary research on the laws behind the creation and regulation of tourism councils in 10 Brazilian cities. Through content analysis, the results show that the rules favor some diversity of the members, with a bias toward the business sector. Popular control is a concern in only half the rules studied. Most councils favor considered judgment and internal transparency but are not concerned with external transparency. Overall, the laws show a lack of clarity in the organization of tourism councils, which affects the council members and society and leads to a failure to provide adequate rules to improve the production of democratic goods.
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System categories: Long‐term imaging outcomes in a prospective surveillance cohort
Authors: Kim Byoung Je , Choi Sang Hyun , Kim So Yeon , Lim Young‐Suk , Lee So Jung , Byun Jae Ho , Won Hyung Jin
Published: April 2022

Background and Aims

We assessed the imaging outcomes of Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) v2018 categories in prospective hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance cohort and determined imaging features significantly predictive of progression to a malignant LI‐RADS category.

Methods

The imaging outcomes of 120 patients (162 observations) prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and August 2012 were analysed according to LI‐RADS v2018. Cumulative incidences for progression to a malignant category (LR‐5 or LR‐M) and LR‐4 or higher were calculated for each baseline category and compared using log‐rank tests. Clinical variables and imaging features significantly predictive of progression to a malignant category were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards modelling.

Results

The 162 observations were initially categorized into 60 LR‐2, 75 LR‐3 and 27 LR‐4. For LR‐4 observations, the 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year cumulative incidences of progression to a malignant category were 18.5% (95% confidence interval, 6.6–35.2%), 43.0% (23.1–61.5%) and 52.5% (25.9–73.5%), which were significantly higher than those of LR‐2 and LR‐3 (p  < .001). For LR‐3, the 1‐year, 3‐year and 5‐year cumulative incidences of progression to LR‐4 or higher were 4.1% (1.1–10.4%), 13.9% (6.7–23.6%) and 23.1% (12.7–35.4%), which were significantly higher than that of LR‐2 (p  = .009). In multivariable analysis, size ≥1.0 cm (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.58, 1.04–6.40) and nonrim arterial‐phase hyperenhancement (HR = 2.45, 1.11–5.42) were significantly independently associated with progression to a malignant category.

Conclusion

Long‐term imaging outcomes differed significantly according to LI‐RADS category. Size ≥1.0 cm and nonrim arterial‐phase hyperenhancement were imaging features significantly predictive of progression to a malignant category.
Karavannoe: Mineralogy, trace element geochemistry, and origin of Eagle Station group pallasites
Authors: Teplyakova Svetlana N. , Lorenz Cyril A. , Ivanova Marina A. , Humayun Munir , Kononkova Nataliya N. , Borisovsky Sergey E. , Korochantsev Alexander V. , Franchi Ian A. , Zinovieva Nina G.
Published: April 2022

Karavannoe is a pallasite found in Russia in 2010. The mineralogy, chemistry, and oxygen isotopic composition indicate that Karavannoe is a member of the Eagle Station Pallasite (ESP) group. Karavannoe contains mostly olivine and subdued interstitial Fe,Ni‐metal. Zoned distribution of FeO in small, rounded grains of olivine and FeO and Al2O3 in chromite shows that the cooling rate of the melt was fast during the crystallization of the round olivine grains. Siderophile element distribution and correlations of Au‐As and Os‐Ir concentrations in Karavannoe and the other ESP metal record its magmatic origin. FeO‐rich composition of olivine, low W and Ga, and high Ni abundances in the Karavannoe metal indicate the formation of the metal from an oxidized chondrite precursor. Model calculations demonstrate that the ESPs’ metal compositions correspond to the solids of the fractional crystallization of CV‐ or CO‐chondrite‐derived metallic liquids. The Karavannoe metal composition corresponds to the solid fraction crystallized after ~40% fractional crystallization. The Mg/(Mg+Fe) atom ratio of complementary silicate liquid corresponds to Fo70, possibly indicating that the olivine is not in equilibrium with the metal and could have been a product of the late evolutionary processes in the Karavannoe parent body mantle. In any ESP genesis Karavannoe was not in equilibrium with its metal and is a product of mantle differentiation processes. Olivine of Karavannoe and ESPs is similar in composition, while the metal is different. We propose a model of ESP formation involving an impact‐induced intrusion of liquid core metal into a basal mantle layer, followed by fractional crystallization of the metal. The metal textures and chemical zoning of Karavannoe minerals point to remelting and rapid cooling due to a later impact event.
Systematic review: Clinical effectiveness of interventions for the treatment of nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Schuitenmaker Jeroen M. , Kuipers Thijs , Smout André J.P.M. , Fockens Paul , Bredenoord Albert J.
Published: April 2022

Background

Nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms have a major impact on sleep quality and are associated with complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). We performed a systematic review to assess the data on the effectiveness of the currently available interventions for the treatment of nocturnal reflux symptoms.

Methods

We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. All prospective, controlled, and uncontrolled clinical trials in adult patients describing interventions (lifestyle modifications, surgical and pharmacological) for nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were assessed for eligibility. A narrative descriptive summary of findings is presented together with summary tables for study characteristics and quality assessment.

Key Results

The initial reference search yielded 3067 citations; 66 citations were screened in full text, of which 31 articles were included. Studies on lifestyle modifications include head of bed elevation (n = 5), prolonging dinner‐to‐bed time (n = 2), and promoting left lateral decubitus position (n = 2). Placebo‐controlled clinical trials investigating proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (n = 11) show success rates ranging from 34.4% to 80.8% in the PPI group versus 10.4%–51.7% in the placebo group. Laparoscopic fundoplication is reserved for severe disease only. There is insufficient evidence for a recommendation on the use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), hypnotics, baclofen and adding bedtime H2 receptor antagonists for reducing nocturnal reflux.

Conclusion Inferences

A sequential treatment strategy, including head of bed elevation, prolonging dinner‐to‐bed time, promoting left lateral decubitus position and treatment with acid‐suppressive medication is recommended for nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux symptoms. Currently, there is insufficient evidence for the use of nCPAP, hypnotics, baclofen and adding bedtime H2 receptor antagonists.
Ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination for sedation in pediatric major surgery in a low‐income country
Authors: Vila Moutinho Tavares Sofia , Tavares João C. , Borges Marques Joana , Teixeira de Figueiredo Joana , Passos de Souza Renato Lucas
Published: April 2022

Anorectal malformations are one of the most frequent congenital malformations treated by pediatric surgeons. In low‐income countries, the surgical and anesthetic management of children in need of these procedures can be challenging. Limited oxygen supply, lack of equipment, especially pediatric, and intensive care units make the use of regional anesthesia appealing. We present a series of four cases of anorectal malformations corrections in Guinea Bissau, in children up to 13 months of age, under regional anesthesia and sedation with ketodex, a mixture of ketamine and dexmedetomidine (in a proportion of 1 mg to 1 μg). No child developed respiratory depression requiring airway intervention or supplemental oxygen, or had hemodynamic instability.
The plant epitranscriptome: revisiting pseudouridine and 2′‐O‐methyl RNA modifications
Authors: Ramakrishnan Muthusamy , Rajan K. Shanmugha , Mullasseri Sileesh , Palakkal Sarin , Kalpana Krishnan , Sharma Anket , Zhou Mingbing , Vinod Kunnummal Kurungara , Ramasamy Subbiah , Wei Qiang
Published: April 2022

There is growing evidence that post‐transcriptional RNA modifications are highly dynamic and can be used to improve crop production. Although more than 172 unique types of RNA modifications have been identified throughout the kingdom of life, we are yet to leverage upon the understanding to optimize RNA modifications in crops to improve productivity. The contributions of internal mRNA modifications such as N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and 5‐methylcytosine (m5C) methylations to embryonic development, root development, leaf morphogenesis, flowering, fruit ripening and stress response are sufficiently known, but the roles of the two most abundant RNA modifications, pseudouridine (Ψ) and 2′‐O‐methylation (Nm), in the cell remain unclear due to insufficient advances in high‐throughput technologies in plant development. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the latest methods and insights gained in mapping internal Ψ and Nm and their unique properties in plants and other organisms. In addition, we discuss the limitations that remain in high‐throughput technologies for qualitative and quantitative mapping of these RNA modifications and highlight future challenges in regulating the plant epitranscriptome.
Multienvironment QTL analysis delineates a major locus associated with homoeologous exchanges for water‐use efficiency and seed yield in canola
Authors: Raman Harsh , Raman Rosy , Pirathiban Ramethaa , McVittie Brett , Sharma Niharika , Liu Shengyi , Qiu Yu , Zhu Anyu , Kilian Andrzej , Cullis Brian , Farquhar Graham D. , Stuart‐Williams Hilary , White Rosemary , Tabah David , Easton Andrew , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: April 2022

Canola varieties exhibit variation in drought avoidance and drought escape traits, reflecting adaptation to water‐deficit environments. Our understanding of underlying genes and their interaction across environments in improving crop productivity is limited. A doubled haploid population was analysed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with water‐use efficiency (WUE) related traits. High WUE in the vegetative phase was associated with low seed yield. Based on the resequenced parental genome data, we developed sequence‐capture‐based markers and validated their linkage with carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) in an F2population. RNA sequencing was performed to determine the expression of candidate genes underlying Δ13C QTL. QTL contributing to main and QTL × environment interaction effects for Δ13C and yield were identified. One multiple‐trait QTL for Δ13C, days to flower, plant height, and seed yield was identified on chromosome A09. Interestingly, this QTL region overlapped with a homoeologous exchange (HE) event, suggesting its association with the multiple traits. Transcriptome analysis revealed 121 significantly differentially expressed genes underlying Δ13C QTL on A09 and C09, including in HE regions. Sorting out the negative relationship between vegetative WUE and seed yield is a priority. Genetic and genomic resources and knowledge so developed could improve canola WUE and yield.
Abnormal gut microbiota and bile acids in patients with first‐episode major depressive disorder and correlation analysis
Authors: Sun Ning , Zhang Jie , Wang Jizhi , Liu Zhifen , Wang Xin , Kang Pengli , Yang Chunxia , Liu Penghong , Zhang Kerang
Published: April 2022

Aim

Gut microbiota and its metabolite bile acids may play a significant role in the occurrence and development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, this study analyzes gut microbiota and bile acids, as well as their correlation in patients.

Methods

Thirty‐one patients with MDD and 29 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study. We collected their both blood and feces. Plasma bile acid content was determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was detected by 16SrRNA gene sequencing and subsequently analyzed. We also analyzed the correlation between different gut microbiota, bile acids, and Hamilton Depression (HAMD) score.

Results

The α‐diversity analysis found that Simpson and Pielou evenness index was much higher in HCs than in the patients with MDD. The β‐diversity of the two groups were differences by nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified 16 different strains. Bile acids detection showed that 23‐nordeoxycholic acid in patients with MDD was significantly higher than in HCs, whereas taurolithocholic acid (TLCA), glycolithocholic acid (GLCA), and lithocholic acid 3‐sulfate were significantly lower. Spearman correlation analysis showed that Turicibacteraceae, Turicibacterales, and Turicibacter were positively related with TLCA, GLCA, glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), and taurodeoxycholic acid, and were negatively correlated with HAMD score. At the same time, TLCA, GLCA, and GDCA were negatively correlated with HAMD score.

Conclusions

Gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism are disturbances in MDD, and there exists a correlation between gut microbiota and bile acids metabolism. Moreover, their interaction may be related to the pathophysiological mechanism of MDD.
Buying innovation: An examination of public–private partnerships and the decision process for contracting out innovation
Authors: Kuchina‐Musina Dolores , Morris John C.
Published: April 2022

Innovation policy combines systems and organizations that may intentionally or unintentionally influence innovation. Public Procurement and innovation are associated in two separate ways: public procurement can be used as a tool to stimulate innovation resulting in a new type of product or to open the marketplace for innovation without a specific product. The purpose of this article is to examine the procurement process's emphasis on competition and its effects on innovative products and services. By applying the public procurement and innovation policy goals, the demand can be met as a cost‐effective and value‐adding asset. We argue that public–private partnerships could (and should) leverage the private sector for innovative solutions; however, the current structure of policy and demand does not encourage this relationship.

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Fowler, Luke. 2019. “Obstacles and Motivators for Partnership Formation in a Multidimensional Environment.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 267–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12293

Mitchell, Joshua L., and Adam M. Butz. 2019. “Social Control Meets New Public Management: Examining the Diffusion of State Prison Privatization, 1979‐2010.” Politics & Policy 47(3): 506–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12309

Morris, John C. 2007. “Government and Market Pathologies of Privatization: The Case of Prison Privatization.” Politics & Policy 35(2): 318–41. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2007.00062.x
Planting techniques and abiotic variation at two salt marsh restoration sites in the Bay of Fundy
Authors: Rabinowitz Tasha R. M. , Lundholm Jeremy T. , Graham Jennie M. , Bowron Tony M. , van Proosdij Danika
Published: April 2022

Salt marshes provide many important ecosystem services, and interest in their restoration is growing in response to climate change. In Maritime Canada, salt marsh restoration projects have focused on restoring tidal flow without planting. Over time, these sites can show persistent deficits in vegetation diversity. We evaluated six techniques for encouraging revegetation (plugs, field transplants, seed, wrack, tilling, and no planting) with eight native species (Carex paleacea, Juncus gerardii, Limonium carolinianum, Plantago maritima, Poa palustris, Solidago sempervirens, Sporobolus alterniflorus, and Sporobolus michauxianus) at two Bay of Fundy salt marsh restoration sites. Community recovery and plant performance (growth rate, summer and winter survival, and health) were monitored over 2 years. Planting plugs produced the highest abundance of perennial halophytes over both years with high survival rates (76.4% ± 0.02 SE), whereas plants transplanted from adjacent sites had higher mortality and slightly lower cover. All planted species survived and grew. Growth rate, health, and winter survival were all more strongly related to site than planting technique, indicating that location was more important to success than technique. We found evidence that differences in elevation, inundation, soil salinity, and soil nutrients at each site may explain these differences in performance. Plugs and field transplants may both be useful for restoration in the future and mixing methods to capitalize on respective strengths may produce best results when planting. Our results also highlight the need to tailor planting plans to individual sites as plants may respond uniquely in different situations.
Application of data mining to minimize fire‐induced domino effect risks
Authors: Ding Long , Khan Faisal , Ji Jie
Published: April 2022

Data mining (DM) has been applied in many advanced science and technology fields, but it has still not been used for domino effect risk management to explore minimum risk scenarios. This work investigates the feasibility of DM in minimizing the risk of fire‐induced domino effects in chemical processing facilities. Based on DM, an evidential failure mode and effects analysis (E‐FMEA), which could bridge chemical facilities’ operational reliability and domino effect risk, is combined with fault tree analysis (FTA) for the occurrence risk modeling of loss of containment (LOC) event of chemical facilities, which is often the triggering point of fire‐induced domino effects. Industry specific data such as reliability data, inspection records, and maintenance records are of great value to model the potential occurrence criticality of LOC. The data are used to characterize the LOC risk priority number (RPN) of chemical facilities through FTA and E‐FMEA, search and statistics rules are proposed to mine inspection records to assess LOC risk factors. According to the RPN scores of facilities, inherent safety strategies to minimize risk via inventory control are proposed, and their effectiveness is tested using a well‐known probit model. In this way, the approach proposes a unit‐specific evidence‐based risk minimization strategy for fire‐induced domino effects. A case study demonstrates the capability of DM in the risk minimization of fire‐induced domino effects.
Let's talk about the Israel–Palestine conflict: Does exposure to political comedy about the Middle East influence policy attitudes?
Authors: Becker Amy B.
Published: April 2022

Objective

The research considers the impact of exposure to political comedy focused on the crisis in the Middle East on viewers' attitudes toward the Israeli/Palestinian conflict.

Methods

Data from a four‐group experiment were analyzed (N = 240; August 2021). Video stimuli were drawn from Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, The Daily Show with Trevor Noah, Late Night with Seth Meyers, and Full Frontal with Samantha Bee.

Results

The results suggest that exposure to this critical content has a limited but significant effect on issue attitudes. Specifically, subjects exposed to satire about the conflict in the Middle East were significantly less likely to suggest that the United States is too supportive of the Palestinians and were marginally less likely to suggest that the Hamas response to the crisis goes too far, that the Israeli government is making a sincere effort to bring about peace, and that there is a way for Israel and an independent Palestinian state to coexist peacefully.

Conclusion

The implications of the findings and the potential influence of satire on foreign policy issue attitudes are discussed.
Water storage in cratonic mantle
Authors: Chin Emily J. , Palin Richard M.
Published: April 2022

Knowledge of the water capacity of the deep lithosphere is crucial for validating models of craton growth and for constraining solid earth volatile cycles over geologic time. However, experimental constraints on water solubility and partitioning often disagree with natural rock data. We present a bulk compositionally dependent model of water storage capacity in pyrolite over a range of lithospheric mantle pressures and temperatures. Models are compared against published xenolith nominally anhydrous mineral (NAM) water contents, which have been recalculated to reflect the last water content of the mantle lithosphere by using coexisting pyroxene water contents in the same samples. Our main findings are that (1) regardless of tectonic setting, olivine records similar recalculated water contents, suggesting a common level of water undersaturation in the lithospheric mantle, and (2) equilibrium water partitioning between clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene (Dcpx/opx) increases down‐temperature. We propose these trends may be explained by re‐hydration/re‐fertilization of cratonic mantle early during coalescence, followed by cooling‐induced water exsolution from orthopyroxene and garnet formation as cratons thicken and stabilize.
Uncertainty Measurement of the Prediction of the Remaining Useful Life of Rolling Bearings
Authors: Sun Hongchun , Wu Chenchen , Lei Zunyang
Published: April 2022

In the study of the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of neural networks based on deep learning, most of the RUL prediction models use point estimation models. However, due to the influence of the measurement noise and the parameters in the deep learning model, the prediction results will be quite different, which makes the point prediction meaningless. For this reason, this paper proposes a multi-scale convolutional neural network based on approximate Bayesian inference to realize the credibility measurement of bearing RUL prediction results. First, in order to avoid the problem of insufficient single-scale feature representation, parallel multiple dilated convolutions are used to extract multiple features. At the same time, the channel attention mechanism is used to allocate its importance, which can avoid the redundancy of multi-dimensional information. Then, Monte Carlo Dropout can be used to describe the probability characteristics of the results, so as to achieve the measurement of the uncertainty of the RUL prediction results. Finally, the prediction and health management data set is used to verify that the method has less volatility compared with the traditional point estimation prediction results, which provides a more valuable reference for predictive maintenance.
Computational Investigation on the Influence of Expandable Blades on the Performance of a Savonius Wind Turbine
Authors: Bouzaher Mohamed Taher , Guerira Belhi
Published: April 2022

To improve the efficiency of a Savonius vertical axis wind turbine, this investigation proposes the use of expandable blades instead of rigid blades. The expandable blades have the ability to change their form during the turbine rotation. The expansion of the advancing blade increases the positive torque, and the contraction of the returning blade decreases the negative torque, which boosts the turbine efficiency. Two-dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out using the commercial code ansys fluent 18.0 with a deformable mesh to fit the changing shape of the blades during the rotation cycle. The paper involves the effect of the expansion amplitude as well as the effect of the blades gap and overlap ratios on the turbine overall performance. The numerical model is validated by comparison of predictions with experimental results. Results show that the torque coefficient is improved by about 24% for the lowest expansion amplitude and by about 90.6% for the highest expansion amplitude. A further improvement of 7% is recorded for an expandable turbine with a gap ratio of 1/20 the turbine diameter.
Effect of Channel Designs and Its Optimization for Enhanced Thermo-Hydraulic Performance of Solar Air Heater
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Ajeet Pratap , Akshayveer  , Singh O. P.
Published: April 2022

The increasing future energy demands can be met with solar-based devices such as solar air heaters (SAHs) only if the efficiency of these devices is enhanced with suitable design changes. Flow channel design of a SAH is an essential aspect for enhancing its thermohydraulic performance for a wide range of Reynolds numbers. In this article, a systematic approach has been adopted to investigate various nonrectangular channel designs numerically, and results are compared with the conventional rectangular design. The energy input to all designs is kept constant. The channel design that gives the best performance was further investigated by incorporating a sinusoidal wavy absorber having variable wavy roughness parameters. The flow and heat transfer characteristics have been evaluated in terms of friction factor (f) and Nusselt number per unit friction factor (Nu/f), temperature factor (To–Ti)/I, thermal effectiveness (ɛ), and Nusselt number (Nu). The results show that the SAH duct having a semi-ellipse cross section offers the best thermohydraulic performance and has maximum augmentation in the temperature factor of about 10% compared to conventional SAH. Moreover, semi-ellipse SAH with sinusoidal wavy absorber has a maximum value of f/fs and Nu/Nus at A/Dh = 0.12 and λ/Dh = 0.8 for the range of Reynolds numbers used, respectively. Here, A is the amplitude and λ is the wavelength of the absorber plate. New empirical relationships for Nu and f are established as a function of flow and geometric parameters that agree well with numerical results.