bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study for Visual Realism of Designed Pictures on Computer Screens by Investigation and Brain-Wave Analyses
Authors: Wang Lan-Ting , Lee Kun-Chou
Published: June 2016

In this article, the visual realism of designed pictures on computer screens is studied by investigation and brain-wave analyses. The practical electroencephalogram (EEG) measurement is always time-varying and fluctuating so that conventional statistical techniques are not adequate for analyses. This study proposes a new scheme based on “fingerprinting” to analyze the EEG. Fingerprinting is a technique of probabilistic pattern recognition used in electrical engineering, very like the identification of human fingerprinting in a criminal investigation. The goal of this study was to assess whether subjective preference for pictures could be manifested physiologically by EEG fingerprinting analyses. The most important advantage of the fingerprinting technique is that it does not require accurate measurement. Instead, it uses probabilistic classification. Participants’ preference for pictures can be assessed using fingerprinting analyses of physiological EEG measurements.
Comparing Loudness Tolerance and Acceptable Noise Level in Listeners With Hearing Loss
Authors: Franklin Clifford A. , White Letitia J. , Franklin Thomas C. , Livengood Lindsay G.
Published: June 2016

The present study was a follow-up investigation to a previous study exploring the relationship between listeners’ loudness tolerance and listeners’ acceptable noise level among normally hearing adults. The present study compared the same two measures, but data were obtained from listeners with hearing loss; 12 adults with sensorineural hearing loss participated in a loudness tolerance measure using a scaling technique initially established for setting hearing aid output limits, in addition to an acceptable noise level measure. The acceptable noise level procedure used in this study quantified the listeners’ acceptance of background noise while listening to speech. As with the research involving listeners with normal hearing, the Pearson correlation procedure indicated a lack of any statistically significant correlation between the two measures.
Human-Centered Design in Practice
Authors: Putnam Cynthia , Reiner Aaron , Ryou Emily , Caputo Morgan , Cheng Jinghui , Allen Mace , Singamaneni Ravali
Published: June 2016

Human-centered design philosophy proposes that end users be at the center of technical system designs. Building on a seminal study by Gould and Lewis, we present findings from two surveys that explored the practice of building interactive systems from the perspective of information and communication technology (ICT) professionals. We generated ICT job descriptions based on a lexicon derived from practitioners’ own words. We found that while “human-centeredness” has risen among ICT professionals, our respondents varied significantly in how they considered the original three Gould and Lewis principles with respect to their job titles and roles. We thus argue that tools that support clear communication among roles are critical; in this project, we analyzed personas as a common ICT communication tool. While personas were generally perceived positively, persona creators need to consider factors that contribute to buy-in from design teams, including quality research and effective presentation.
Mobilities, Materialities, and the Changing Meanings of Pittsburgh Speech
Authors: Johnstone Barbara , Pollak Calvin
Published: June 2016

For many decades, people in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, area have talked about local speech. “Pittsburghese,” as it is locally known, has become so tightly linked with local identity that it is alluded to almost every time someone talks about what Pittsburgh is like or what it means to be a Pittsburgher. But the set of words, pronunciations, and bits of grammar that are thought of as Pittsburghese has changed over time. This paper explores the role of social and geographic mobility in creating and circulating the ideas about Pittsburgh speech that help to determine who uses local-sounding speech features and why. The analysis is based on two online forums where Pittsburgh speech is discussed. The participants in one of the forums are former Pittsburghers who grew up in the city but left during the later decades of the twentieth century when the local steel-manufacturing economy collapsed. The participants in the other forum are people who moved to Pittsburgh or came of age and stayed there in the first two decades of the twenty-first century, when the economy was recovering. These two groups of people have had very different experiences of geographic and social mobility, leading to different kinds of encounters with local speech and with metalinguistic discourse about it. The paper shows how particular material facts and lived experiences shape the ideas about language that can lead to sociolinguistic stereotyping and to the loss or preservation of socially marked linguistic features.
Online Drug Scenes and Harm Reduction From Below as Phronesis
Authors: Boothroyd Dave , Lewis Sarah
Published: June 2016

This article presents a theoretical critique of the notion of harm reduction on the basis of an empirical investigation of a variety of online manifestations of drug culture. Taking a multicase study approach to drug use–related forums, blogs, and “story sites” focused on novel psychoactive substances/“legal high” use and nonmedicinal prescription drug use, our analysis leads us to describe the culture of “harm reduction from below” in terms of the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. We argue that the peer-to-peer co-creation of knowledge, sharing, and support constitutes an emergent and constantly evolving form of “practical wisdom” with respect to drugs. Drawing on Flyvbjerg’s accounts of phronetic social science as a practice, which proposes a permeable boundary between theoretical and practical inquiry, and Stenger’s account of the “collective voice from below” as always embedded within an “ecology of practices,” we offer an interpretation of the online dimension of drug taking in terms of drug users’ shared aim of “doing drugs well.” The investigation of online life in terms of the multiple contexts of drug-related communicative exchange thus allows us to identify harm reduction from below as an ethical practice inherent in a variety of online drug scenes.
Asymptotic stabilization of stochastic high-order upper-triangular nonlinear systems with input time-varying delay
Authors: Liu Liang , Zhang Yifan
Published: June 2016

Based on the homogeneous domination approach and stochastic nonlinear time-delay system stability criterion, this paper investigates the global state-feedback stabilization problem for a class of stochastic high-order upper-triangular nonlinear systems with input time-varying delay. By skilfully choosing an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasoviskii functional and successfully solving several troublesome obstacles in the design and analysis procedure, a delay-independent state-feedback controller is designed to render the closed-loop system globally asymptotically stable in probability. The simulation example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed design scheme.
Group sparsity based imaging algorithm for TWRI under wall parameter uncertainties
Authors: Sun Yanpeng , Zhang Shi , Cui Zhao
Published: June 2016

Through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) applications allow accurate target localization and high-resolution imaging. However, multipath propagation generates challenges to the image reconstruction procedure. With distortions in the received radar signals, traditional imaging algorithms are not able to acquire high-resolution images. The unpredictability of the indoor scattering environment makes this even worse. In this paper, a novel block orthogonal matching pursuit (BOMP)-based group-sparsity reconstruction algorithm combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed for reliable scene reconstruction. The proposed imaging algorithm can recover the image of targets by exploiting multipath propagation and simultaneously estimating wall parameters with high accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed imaging method has been further demonstrated via simulation results.
A chattering-free fuzzy hybrid sliding mode control of an electrohydraulic active suspension
Authors: Shaer Bassel , Kenné Jean-Pierre , Kaddissi Claude , Fallaha Charles
Published: June 2016

This paper introduces a new hybrid controller for position and force control of an electrohydraulic car active suspension. In most hybrid controllers, a switching function is normally used in order to take advantage of two separate controllers. Switching between the two controllers produces a chattering in the system, in addition to the chattering that may be inherent to the controller itself, which deteriorates the system performance. In this work, we resolved the switching limitations dilemma by transitioning from one controller to another through two low-pass filters. These filters are used with variable gains to improve the new hybrid position/force controller performance that we developed. The produced control signal is a structured combination, in which the signal coming from the position controller reduces the effect of road perturbations on passengers by bringing the car’s vertical motion to zero. Simultaneously, the signal from the force controller tracks a reference force and thus reduces the force transmitted to passengers. To eliminate the chattering that is inherent to the sliding mode controller, we introduced an exponential reaching law function to the hybrid sliding mode controller. This exponential function also reduced the response time, consequently speeding up the system reaction to suppress perturbations. In addition to that, a recent sliding surface-based controller is applied to vary the filters’ gains and obtain better performance. The frequency analysis is done to verify the controller performance. The proposed hybrid controller is also validated in real time on active suspension workbench and compared with a classical PID controller.
A Cross-sectional Study of Depressive Symptoms and Diabetes Self-care in African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos With Diabetes
Authors: Hernandez Rosalba , Ruggiero Laurie , Prohaska Thomas R. , Chavez Noel , Boughton Seth W. , Peacock Nadine , Zhao Weihan , Nouwen Arie
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between depressive symptoms and diabetes self-care in African American and Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes and whether the association, if any, is mediated by diabetes-related self-efficacy.

Methods

The sample included self-report baseline data of African American and Hispanic/Latino patients with type 2 diabetes who were aged ≥18 years and enrolled in a diabetes self-management intervention study. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities measured engagement in healthy eating, physical activity, blood glucose checking, foot care, and smoking. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale–Short Form assessed diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy. Indirect effects were examined with the Baron and Kenny regression technique and Sobel testing.

Results

Sample characteristics (n = 250) were as follows: mean age of 53 years, 68% women, 54% African American, and 74% with income <$20 000. Depressive symptoms showed a significant inverse association with the self-care domains of general diet, specific diet, physical activity, and glucose monitoring in the African American group. In Hispanics/Latinos, depression was inversely associated with specific diet. Self-efficacy served a significant mediational role in the relation between depression and foot care among African Americans.

Conclusions

Self-efficacy mediated the relationship between depression and foot care in the African American group but was not found to be a mediator of any self-care areas within the Hispanic/Latino group. In clinical practice, alleviation of depressive symptoms may improve self-care behavior adherence. Diabetes education may consider inclusion of components to build self-efficacy related to diabetes self-care, especially among African American patients.
Complementary or Substitutive Effects? Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Oh Won-Yong , Chang Young Kyun , Kim Tae-Yeol
Published: June 2016

Management researchers have investigated how corporate governance mechanisms influence corporate social responsibility (CSR). The previous literature has been largely based on agency theory, which emphasizes the roles of effective monitoring and incentive alignment, but the empirical evidence has been mixed. This inconsistency may result from the assumption that each governance mechanism functions independently, even though they interact with one another to affect CSR. On the basis of a perspective of bundle of governance mechanisms, we examined whether multiple governance mechanisms act as complements or substitutes for each other in promoting CSR. Using a panel sample of U.S. firms for the years 2004 to 2010, we found that multiple governance mechanisms mainly act as substitutes to promote CSR. Our findings suggest that a similar level of CSR can be achieved with different combinations of governance mechanisms. Our study contributes to the fields of both corporate governance and CSR in theory and practice.
An Approach for Conducting Actionable Research With Extreme Teams
Authors: Bell Suzanne T. , Fisher David M. , Brown Shanique G. , Mann Kristin E.
Published: June 2016

Extreme teams complete their tasks in unconventional performance environments and have serious consequences associated with failure. Examples include disaster relief teams, special operations teams, and astronaut crews. The unconventional performance environments within which these teams operate require researchers to carefully consider the context during the research process. These environments may also create formidable challenges to the research process, including constraining data collection and sample sizes. Given the serious consequences associated with failure, however, the challenges must be navigated so that the management of extreme teams can be evidence based. We present an approach for conducting actionable research on extreme teams. Our approach is an extension of mixed-methods research that is particularly well suited for emphasizing context. The approach guides researchers on how to integrate the local context into the research process, which allows for actionable recommendations. At the same time, our approach applies an intentionally broad framework for organizing context, which can serve as a mechanism through which the results of research on extreme teams can be meaningfully accumulated and integrated across teams. Finally, our approach and description of steps address the unique challenges common in extreme-team research. While developed with extreme teams in mind, we view our general approach as applicable to more traditional teams when the features of the context that impinge on team functioning are not adequately represented by typical descriptions of context in the literature and the goal is actionable research for the teams in question.
Weather in the Age of Technology
Authors: Gloviczki Peter Joseph
Published: June 2016

In this article, I use an autoethnographic postcard to consider the enduring impact of the weather, especially weather-related disasters, in an age of technology.
Contexts, Mechanisms, and Outcomes That Matter in Dutch Community-Based Physical Activity Programs Targeting Socially Vulnerable Groups
Authors: Herens Marion , Wagemakers Annemarie , Vaandrager Lenneke , van Ophem Johan , Koelen Maria
Published: June 2016

This article presents a practitioner-based approach to identify key combinations of contextual factors (C) and mechanisms (M) that trigger outcomes (O) in Dutch community-based health-enhancing physical activity (CBHEPA) programs targeting socially vulnerable groups. Data were collected in six programs using semi-structured interviews and focus groups using a timeline technique. Sessions were recorded, anonymized, and transcribed. A realist synthesis protocol was used for data-driven and thematic analysis of CMO configurations. CMO configurations related to community outreach, program sustainability, intersectoral collaboration, and enhancing participants’ active lifestyles. We have refined the CBHEPA program theory by showing that actors’ passion for, and past experiences with, physical activity programs trigger outcomes, alongside their commitment to socially vulnerable target groups. Project discontinuity, limited access to resources, and a trainer’s stand-alone position were negative configurations. The authors conclude that local governance structures appear often to lack adaptive capacity to accommodate multilevel processes to sustain programs.
Sustainable Philippine Cities and Habitat for the New Millennium
Authors: Santiago Andrea L. , Roxas Fernando Y.
Published: June 2016

More than a challenge, the overcrowding of cities, especially in developing countries, is an opportunity to pursue alternative growth corridors that include the interest of the poor. Current solutions to making urban cities more sustainable and resilient to climate change effects tend to disadvantage those who are already marginalized. A systems viewpoint shows that a means to decongest highly dense cities is to create new towns and cities as separate economic units. Instead of encouraging urban sprawl where rural areas still connect to urban centers, thus increasing daytime congestion, a new town evens out population and allows residents to be gainfully employed in areas where they live. This article explores the creation of new towns as a poverty mitigation approach to urban development as applied to an undeveloped property in Quezon province, located in the Philippines.
Syk Inhibition Induces Platelet Dependent Peri-islet Hemorrhage in the Rat Pancreas
Authors: Long Andrew J. , Sampson Erik , McCarthy Richard W. , Harris Christopher M. , Barnard Marc , Shi Dan , Conlon Donna , Caldwell Robert , Honor David , Wishart Neil , Hoemann Michael , Duggan Lori , Fritz Douglas , Stedman Christopher , O’Connor Elizabeth , Mikaelian Igor , Schwartz Annette
Published: June 2016

Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that is an important signaling enzyme downstream of immunoreceptors containing an intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine activating motif (ITAM). These receptors encompass a wide variety of biological functions involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis. There has been considerable interest in the development of inhibitors of the Syk pathway for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. We report that Syk inhibition mechanistically caused peri-islet hemorrhages and fibrin deposition in the rat pancreas and that this finding is due to a homeostatic functional defect in platelets. In more limited studies, similar lesions could not be induced in mice, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys at similar or higher plasma drug concentrations. Irradiation-induced thrombocytopenia caused a phenotypically similar peri-islet pancreas lesion and the formation of this lesion could be prevented by platelet transfusion. In addition, Syk inhibitor-induced lesions were prevented by the coadministration of prednisone. A relatively greater sensitivity of rat platelets to Syk inhibition was supported by functional analyses demonstrating rat-specific differences in response to convulxin, a glycoprotein VI agonist that signals through Syk. These data demonstrate that the Syk pathway is critical in platelet–endothelial cell homeostasis in the peri-islet pancreatic microvasculature in rats.
The ‘Hunt for Noses’: Contextualizing the Woḍeyar Predilection for Nose-cutting
Authors: Simmons Caleb
Published: June 2016

In this article, the evidence of Mysore’s ‘hunt for noses’ within the broader context of nose-cutting in South Asia was examined, namely through the lenses of punishment, humiliation, ritual offerings, and as a military practice.

In order to do so, a variety of sources from dharma śastric literature and folk narratives, which mentioned nose-cutting, were briefly examined to provide a fuller picture of the many meanings latent within the practice that associate nose amputation with punishment, and as a public mark of humiliation. The Mysore case, however, does not conform to usual characterization of nose amputation in secondary literature. The practice of nose-cutting in Mysore is shown to contain aspects of these broader connotations, but Mysore’s practice of nose amputation also remains specific to the Mysore context as an amalgamation of the variety of meanings from the broader Indian context with local military and ritual practice. This article, therefore, is an attempt to build a conceptual framework—a Foucauldian archaeology—through which we can see how the Mysore practice of nose-cutting was meaningful within South Indian medieval politics.
Vagaries of Monsoon, Resilience of Society: Revisiting Nature of Socio-political Structures in Early-modern Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Mayank
Published: June 2016

Recent writings have questioned the conventional portrayal of nature as benevolent and suggested that vagaries of monsoon necessitated regular negotiations to ensure agrarian production at multiple levels especially during early modern times in the semi-arid and arid landscape of Rajasthan. It is generally assumed that most of the negotiations were carried out by the peasantry, and political apparatus was usually a mere spectator or at best provided relief during severe scarcity. This article argues that political authorities were accommodative in their attitude towards the implications of inherent dynamism of the physical environment. Therefore, if not by choice then definitely under compulsions of natural exigencies, the ruling elites were forced to make preventive interventions by extending support to the peasantry in their negotiations with the environment.
Making sense of austerity: Everyday narratives in Denmark and the United Kingdom
Authors: Seabrooke Leonard , Thomsen Rune Riisbjerg
Published: June 2016

Everyday narratives are grounded in how people make sense of their world. This article suggests that everyday narratives are made up of storysets with categories of meaning, story-lines that provide a temporal understanding, and plots that establish the common characters and scenes. These narrative elements are part of a sensemaking process where people are trying to understand their personal situation, changes to their households, and the national economy. We apply this logic to a study of online comments’ sections for 240 newspaper articles on austerity in Denmark and the United Kingdom. Characters such as ‘scroungers’ and ‘corporate criminals’ are identified, as are scenes such as the decline of the welfare state and the rise of technocracy. We link the storysets, story-lines, and plots together to understand how Brits and Danes are making sense of austerity. Their explanations and frustrations improve our understanding of who acts in everyday politics, and how everyday narratives are formed and maintained.
Matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and blood–brain barrier: Versatile breakers and makers
Authors: Rempe Ralf G , Hartz Anika MS , Bauer Björn
Published: June 2016

Matrix metalloproteinases are versatile endopeptidases with many different functions in the body in health and disease. In the brain, matrix metalloproteinases are critical for tissue formation, neuronal network remodeling, and blood–brain barrier integrity. Many reviews have been published on matrix metalloproteinases before, most of which focus on the two best studied matrix metalloproteinases, the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, and their role in one or two diseases. In this review, we provide a broad overview of the role various matrix metalloproteinases play in brain disorders. We summarize and review current knowledge and understanding of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood–brain barrier in neuroinflammation, multiple sclerosis, cerebral aneurysms, stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and brain cancer. We discuss the detrimental effects matrix metalloproteinases can have in these conditions, contributing to blood–brain barrier leakage, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, demyelination, tumor angiogenesis, and cancer metastasis. We also discuss the beneficial role matrix metalloproteinases can play in neuroprotection and anti-inflammation. Finally, we address matrix metalloproteinases as potential therapeutic targets. Together, in this comprehensive review, we summarize current understanding and knowledge of matrix metalloproteinases in the brain and at the blood–brain barrier in brain disorders.
The everyday lives of energy transitions: Contested sociotechnical imaginaries in the American West
Authors: Smith Jessica M , Tidwell Abraham SD
Published: June 2016

This article brings together two growing literatures – on sociotechnical imaginaries in science and technology studies and on resource materialities in anthropology – to explore how two energy-producing communities in the American West understand the moral salience of energy systems and the place of labor within them. Studies of energy sociotechnical imaginaries overwhelmingly focus on the role that state and transnational actors play in shaping perceptions of the ‘good society’, rather than how these imaginaries inform and are transformed in the lived experience of everyday people. We illuminate the contested dimension of sociotechnical imaginaries and their positioning within structures of power that inform visions of moral behavior and social order. Whereas the role of energy in national imaginaries is grounded almost entirely in the consumption it enables, examining the everyday ethics of people who live and work in Colorado’s uranium-rich Western Slope and Wyoming’s coal-rich Powder River Basin reveals an insistence that ‘good’ energy systems also provide opportunities for dignified and well-paid blue-collar work. This imaginary, we argue, remains ‘bounded’ at a local scale rather than circulating more widely to gain national or international traction. Theorizing this boundedness illustrates not only the contested nature of sociotechnical imaginaries, but also the constraints that material assemblages and sediments of the past place on imagined futures.
Contributorship and division of labor in knowledge production
Authors: Larivière Vincent , Desrochers Nadine , Macaluso Benoît , Mongeon Philippe , Paul-Hus Adèle , Sugimoto Cassidy R
Published: June 2016

Scientific authorship has been increasingly complemented with contributorship statements. While such statements are said to ensure more equitable credit and responsibility attribution, they also provide an opportunity to examine the roles and functions that authors play in the construction of knowledge and the relationship between these roles and authorship order. Drawing on a comprehensive and multidisciplinary dataset of 87,002 documents in which contributorship statements are found, this article examines the forms that division of labor takes across disciplines, the relationships between various types of contributions, as well as the relationships between the contribution types and various indicators of authors’ seniority. It shows that scientific work is more highly divided in medical disciplines than in mathematics, physics, and disciplines of the social sciences, and that, with the exception of medicine, the writing of the paper is the task most often associated with authorship. The results suggest a clear distinction between contributions that could be labeled as ‘technical’ and those that could be considered ‘conceptual’: While conceptual tasks are typically associated with authors with higher seniority, technical tasks are more often performed by younger scholars. Finally, results provide evidence of a U-shaped relationship between extent of contribution and author order: In all disciplines, first and last authors typically contribute to more tasks than middle authors. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the results for the reward system of science.
A taste of science: Making the subjective objective in the California wine world
Authors: Shapin Steven
Published: June 2016

This article is about the relationship between the categories of the subjective and the objective in the late 20th-century California wine world, about attempts to transform ‘soft’ subjective judgments into ‘hard’ objective descriptions and evaluations, and about the role of both sensory science and chemistry in such attempts. It focuses on research done at the University of California, Davis, from about the 1950s to the 1980s by the enologist Maynard Amerine, his co-workers, and successors. It suggests ways in which these materials might prompt attention to the role of subjective judgment and the marketplace in other forms of late modern science.
The taste machine: Sense, subjectivity, and statistics in the California wine world
Authors: Phillips Christopher J
Published: June 2016

This article is about mid-20th-century attempts to turn subjective judgments about the quality and composition of wine into objective knowledge. It focuses on the research of Maynard Amerine at the University of California, Davis, and his project to formalize the procedures of sensory evaluation. Using controlled experimental conditions, Amerine and colleagues transcribed judgments about taste into numbers that could then be aggregated and analyzed statistically. Through such techniques, they claimed to be able to turn subjectivities into objectivities, rendering private taste sensations into reliable and stable facts about objects in the world.
An Efficiency Evaluation of Men’s College Basketball Coaches
Authors: Horowitz Ira
Published: June 2016

An ESPN panel of experts ranked the top 51 men’s college basketball coaches as of June 2014. I evaluate the production efficiency of those coaches, along with (a) 25 others who received honorable mention and (b) 86 whose teams earned either an NCAA or National Invitation Tournament (NIT) bid in the three then-most-recent seasons, and (c) 27 that were fired at the end of the 2013-2014 season. The evaluation uses data envelopment analysis and its three measures of efficiency: technical, overall technical, and scale. The measures do not necessarily yield the same rankings, with the efficiency-based rankings modestly corresponding to those of the panel when based on the coach’s entire career and somewhat less so when based on the 2012-2014 data. An ordered-logit analysis highlights the correspondingly modest role efficiency played in determining what it took to get into the sample and, by contrast, the dominant role that winning played in the process.
The 10 Greatest Films for Teaching Economics
Authors: Mateer G. Dirk , O’Roark Brian , Holder Kim
Published: June 2016

We asked economic educators from around the country to identify five films that they found most useful in teaching economics. Our sample of 105 educators reflects wide-ranging opinions about the greatest films for teaching economics. We provide summaries of each of the Top 10 films in our list and short descriptions of the next 10. The films surveyed are an eclectic mix that spans different eras and genres. It is our hope that this list will spur conversations about economics among interested readers and economic educators.
Development and Initial Validation of a Measure to Assess Career Goal Feedback
Authors: Hu Shi , Creed Peter A. , Hood Michelle
Published: June 2016

Career goal feedback provides information about career goal suitability, adequacy of goal progress, and whether changes are needed to reach the goals. Feedback comes from external (e.g., parents, peers) and internal sources (e.g., self-reflection), and plays an important role in the career development of young people. As there is no existing measure that adequately captures this construct, we devised and validated a 24-item inventory for use with young adults. In Study 1, initial items were developed, expert reviewed, and administered to a sample of Chinese university students ( N = 1,055; MAGE = 19 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to test the factor structure and confirmatory factor analysis on a holdout sample to validate a third-order solution (one third-order factor manifested by three second-order factors). In addition, we provided evidence for convergent and incremental validity. In Study 2, we confirmed the factor structure on Australian university students ( N = 184; MAGE = 19 years).
The Status of School Psychology in Ontario School Boards
Authors: Lean Debra
Published: June 2016

This article reports on the status of school psychology in Ontario. School psychology practice in Ontario has continued to evolve since the previous report was published in 2001. School psychologists have varied roles, and although the most prominent one remains as assessing students for entry into certain special education services, school-based psychology services in Ontario serve an advantageous role for district school boards as they offer all levels of service. As such, school psychologists are providing more mental health awareness, prevention, and intervention services than previously reported. Since 2013, every school board has a Mental Health Lead, and each district school board is required to produce a School Mental Health Strategy. The current five levels of service/intervention, registration requirements, and training opportunities as well as professional organizations for school psychologists are further discussed in the present report.
Educational Psychology in Yukon
Authors: Bradford Charlene T. , Kroeker Sharon D. L.
Published: June 2016

Directly employed by the territorial government, Yukon’s educational psychologists are moving away from “refer-test-place” services by actively clarifying a broader scope of practice within a non-categorical model of special education services. Yukon’s educational psychologists provide a variety of services, such as consultation, intervention support, emergency response, and assessment, and participate in multi-disciplinary fetal alcohol spectrum disorder diagnostic assessments. Despite no registration or licensure requirement to practice psychology in Yukon, newer educational psychologists are personally initiating registration procedures and advocating for ethical and professional practice.
Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Challenging Behavior
Authors: Butler Anne , Monda-Amaya Lisa
Published: June 2016

Challenging behavior can have adverse effects on both students and teachers, and preservice teachers often report feeling ill prepared to manage this behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine (a) preservice teacher perceptions of student and teacher behavior during scenarios of challenging behavior, (b) alternative solutions or strategies in examining the teacher’s role in the scenarios, (c) perceptions of challenging behaviors that may present the greatest difficulty in their future positions, and (d) their attitudes and opinions regarding challenging behavior in the classroom. Results indicated that preservice teachers are able to identify the teacher’s role in scenarios both positively and negatively. The preservice teachers perceived certain behaviors as easy or difficult to manage. Overall, preservice teachers feel moderately confident with classroom management and challenging behavior. Future research on preservice teacher implementation of strategies and behavior management in real-life contexts is suggested.
Anxiety and Spiritual Well-Being in Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fabbris Jéssika Leão , Mesquita Ana Cláudia , Caldeira Sílvia , Carvalho Ana Maria Pimenta , Carvalho Emilia Campos de
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To analyze the relation between anxiety and spiritual well-being in undergraduate nursing students. Design: Cross sectional, correlational, and survey design. Method: A total of 169 students from a Brazilian Nursing School completed three instruments: demographic data, Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Findings: The mean score of SWBS was high, and the mean score of BAI was low. When experiencing anxiety, there was lower probability of experiencing high spiritual well-being. For those students considering religiosity very important, the score of SWBS was high. Students scoring lower in SWBS had more probability of experiencing moderate/high anxiety. Conclusions: Higher scores of SWBS and importance given to religiosity were related to lower scores of BAI. Also, the performance and score of spiritual well-being were related to anxiety scores. Further research is worthy to identify and validate which educational aspects could promote spiritual well-being and reduce anxiety as well as research to analyze the relation between spiritual well-being score and learning outcomes.
Experimental investigations on surface integrity issues of Inconel-690 during wire-cut electrical discharge machining process
Authors: Sreenivasa Rao M , Venkaiah N
Published: June 2016

Nickel-based alloys are finding a wide range of applications due to their superior properties of maintaining hardness at elevated temperatures, low thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion. These materials are used in aircraft, power-generation turbines, rocket engines, automobiles, nuclear power and chemical processing plants. Machining of such alloys is difficult using conventional processes. Wire-cut electrical discharge machining is one of the advanced machining processes, which can cut any electrically conductive material irrespective of its hardness. One of the major disadvantages of this process is formation of recast layer as it affects the properties of the machined surfaces. In this study, experimental investigation has been carried out to study the effect of wire-cut electrical discharge machining process parameters on micro-hardness, surface roughness and recast layer while machining Inconel-690 material. Interestingly, hardness of the machined surface was found to be lower than that of the bulk material. The micro-hardness and recast layer thickness are inversely related to the variation of process parameters. Recast layer thickness, surface roughness and hardness of the wire-cut electrical discharge machined surfaces of Inconel-690 are found to be in the range of 10–50 µm, 0.276–3.253 µm and 122–171 HV, respectively, for different conditions. The research findings and the data generated for the first time on hardness and recast layer thickness for Inconel-690 will be useful to the industry.
Experimental investigation and processing optimization for micro-milling of copper clad polyimide
Authors: Zhao Kai , Jia Zhenyuan , Gao Yuanyuan , Ding Lichao
Published: June 2016

Copper clad polyimide is becoming a significant raw material for the manufacturing of special circuits such as antennas. Micro-milling, which provides a direct and flexible fabrication method in three-dimensional product machining, has replaced traditional processing methods such as photolithography. However, severe burr problem which leads to serious power loss due to the skin effect is encountered because of the selection of improper machining strategies and parameters. In this study, the influence of machining strategy on burr formation is investigated at first. Then, the formation mechanism for different kinds of burrs in micro-milling of copper clad polyimide is analyzed. Furthermore, the burr height prediction model is established, and the optimized processing parameters are obtained through response surface methodology, the predicted burr height is 12 µm. At last, a verification experiment is conducted with the optimized processing parameters. The machining result shows that the optimized parameter combination contains spindle speed of 36,110 r/min, feed per tooth of 0.70 µm/z and tool diameter of 200 µm. The average burr height for verification test is 13.9 µm. Because of the instability of copper layer on copper clad polyimide, the actual burr height is slightly larger than theoretical prediction. The error between predicted value and experiment value is 15.8%. What is noticeable is that before optimization, the burr height is up to 100 µm, while after optimization, it reduces to 13.9 µm which is reduced by 86.1%. The achievements in this study are of great significance for optimizing machining parameters and improving machining quality and efficiency of copper clad polyimide, especially in antennas field.
A Safe Haven
Authors: Hornstein Erica A. , Fanselow Michael S. , Eisenberger Naomi I.
Published: June 2016

Although fear-conditioning research has demonstrated that certain survival-threatening stimuli, namely prepared fear stimuli, are readily associated with fearful events, little research has explored whether a parallel category exists for safety stimuli. We examined whether social-support figures, who have typically benefited survival, can serve as prepared safety stimuli, a category that has not been explored previously. Across three experiments, we uncovered three key findings. First, social-support figures were less readily associated with fear than were strangers or neutral stimuli (in a retardation-of-acquisition test). Second, social-support stimuli inhibited conditional fear responses to other cues (in a summation test), and this inhibition continued even after the support stimulus was removed. Finally, these effects were not simply due to familiarity or reward because both familiar and rewarding stimuli were readily associated with fear, whereas social-support stimuli were not. These findings suggest that social-support figures are one category of prepared safety stimuli that may have long-lasting effects on fear-learning processes.
How to Improve Adolescent Stress Responses
Authors: Yeager David S. , Lee Hae Yeon , Jamieson Jeremy P.
Published: June 2016

This research integrated implicit theories of personality and the biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat, hypothesizing that adolescents would be more likely to conclude that they can meet the demands of an evaluative social situation when they were taught that people have the potential to change their socially relevant traits. In Study 1 ( N = 60), high school students were assigned to an incremental-theory-of-personality or a control condition and then given a social-stress task. Relative to control participants, incremental-theory participants exhibited improved stress appraisals, more adaptive neuroendocrine and cardiovascular responses, and better performance outcomes. In Study 2 ( N = 205), we used a daily-diary intervention to test high school students’ stress reactivity outside the laboratory. Threat appraisals (Days 5–9 after intervention) and neuroendocrine responses (Days 8 and 9 after intervention only) were unrelated to the intensity of daily stressors when adolescents received the incremental-theory intervention. Students who received the intervention also had better grades over freshman year than those who did not. These findings offer new avenues for improving theories of adolescent stress and coping.
Luminescence dating of aeolian–coastal events on the Kristianstad plain, SE Sweden
Authors: Kalińska-Nartiša Edyta , Alexanderson Helena , Nartišs Māris
Published: June 2016

Aeolian–coastal sediments and landforms are excellent palaeoenvironmental archives, but chronological studies of coastal records are scarce in Sweden. In this study, we provide luminescence and radiocarbon ages of aeolian activity and coastal landscape evolution on the Kristianstad plain, SE Sweden, based on the investigations of two foredunes and two inland dunes at Åhus and Vittskövle. Additionally, we do a laboratory intercomparison of five young luminescence samples. The comparison shows a significant age difference most likely due to an instrumental difference. The equivalent dose cannot be determined accurately with the low irradiation times, and therefore, the results obtained from the reader with a lower dose rate are favoured and are largely supported by historical records. The oldest age, 11.6 ka, is from littoral sediments underlying an aeolian dune at Vittskövle and represents deposition in the Baltic Ice Lake. These deposits are topped by an organic horizon, which developed between AD 1476 and 1637, a time that partially corresponds with a short and abrupt climate warming in the ‘Little Ice Age’. The aeolian deposits are all younger. Sand mobilisation in the inland dunes took place around AD 1686–1799, related to forest destruction during war, intense cultivation of land or/and the coldest phase of the ‘Little Ice Age’. The foredunes are younger and were deposited at the beginning and in the end of the 20th century by easterly winds.
Book Review: Babette Never, Knowledge Systems and Change in Climate Governance: Comparing India and South Africa
Authors: Alam Sabiha
Published: June 2016

Babette Never, Knowledge Systems and Change in Climate Governance: Comparing India and South Africa, Routledge, Oxon and New York, 2015, 217 pp., ₹7068 (Hardcover).
Evaluation of changes in prescription medication use after a residential treatment programme for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Broadbear Jillian H , Nesci Julian , Thomas Rosemary , Thompson Katherine , Beatson Josephine , Rao Sathya
Published: June 2016

Objective:

Residential patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder were evaluated to determine whether borderline personality disorder-focused psychotherapy reduced prescribing, personality disorder and co-morbid symptom severity.

Method:

Psychotropic prescriptions were measured at admission, discharge and 1 year later in 74 female participants with one or more personality disorder diagnosis and co-morbid mood disorders. Changes in pharmacotherapy were examined in the context of improvements in borderline personality disorder and/or co-morbid disorder symptom severity. Residential treatment included individual and group psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV was used to confirm the borderline personality disorder diagnosis and associated co-morbid conditions. The Beck Depression Inventory was completed at each time point.

Results:

A significant reduction in the incidence and severity of self-rated depression as well as clinician assessed personality disorder, including borderline personality disorder, was accompanied by a reduction in prescription of psychoactive medications.

Conclusions:

Three to six months of intensive borderline personality disorder-specific psychotherapy showed lasting benefit with regard to symptom severity of personality disorders (borderline personality disorder in particular) as well as depressive symptoms. This improvement corresponded with a reduction in prescriptions for psychoactive medications, which is consistent with current thinking regarding treatment for borderline personality disorder.