bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-wide association and expression analyses of programmed cell death provide novel insights into therapeutic targets in differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Zhang Qinnan , An Nan , Li Xueqing , Zhang Panpan , Wang Kai , Zha Bingbing
Published: August 2024

Background
The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has been increasing in recent years with high risk of recurrence and metastasis. Inducing programmed cell death (PCD) is one of the most promising therapy in the development of novel anti-DTC agents. The purpose of this study is to establish a comprehensive PCD relevant signature in genomic and transcriptomic backgrounds to predict susceptible genes and the checkpoints of immunotherapy in DTC patients.
Methods
Based on 14 kinds of PCD patterns, we leveraged Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) analysis, integrating expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) from blood and thyroid to identify hub genes causally associated with the pathogenesis of DTC preliminarily. ScRNA-seq analysis was linked to individual genetic variations to reveal cell specificity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumor microenvironment, respectively. Furthermore, we analyzed the degree of immune infiltration and clinical correlation with TNM stages.
Results
SMR analysis suggested that 6 genes were replicated in both blood and thyroid tissues, which were associated with 3 distinct PCD patterns: Apoptosis (NFATC4, RPS3 and TM2D1), Lysosome-dependent cell death (CTNS and GCC2), Autophagy (TPCN2). Besides, scRNA-seq and expression analysis found the expression of RPS3 in the old (> 65 years old) were significantly lower than those in young. And it was worth noting that the expression levels of CTNS, GCC2, TM2D1 and TPCN2 gradually decreased with the increase of T stage.
Conclusions
This study uncovered several PCD related genes serving important roles in protecting against the development of DTC. Intensive transcriptome analysis provided comprehensive bioinformatic basis for further investigations to explore the detailed regulatory mechanisms, which might open up new therapeutic targets among patients with DTC.
A comparative genomic analysis at the chromosomal-level reveals evolutionary patterns of aphid chromosomes
Authors: Li Gang , Huang Chen , Ji Bingru , Shi Zhaohui , Wang Jiangyue , Yuan Jiaqing , Yang Peng , Xu Xiao , Jing Haohao , Xu Lulu , Fu Jing , Ren Yandong , Guo Kun
Published: August 2024

Genomic rearrangements are primary drivers of evolution, promoting biodiversity and differentiation. Aphids, an agricultural pest with high species diversity, exhibit rapid chromosomal evolution and a wide range of nuclear chromosomal karyotype variations. These variations have been attributed to their unique holocentric chromosomes and parthenogenetic generations, though this hypothesis has also faced scrutiny. An in-depth comparative genomics analysis of aphid genomic rearrangements will enhance our understanding of species diversity and evolution. In this study, by generating a chromosomal-level reference genome assembly of the celery aphid (Semiaphis heraclei) and conducting comparative genomic analysis, we revealed varying chromosomal evolution rates among aphid lineages, positively correlating with species diversity. Aphid X chromosomes have undergone frequent intra-chromosomal recombination, while autosomes show accelerated inter-chromosomal recombination. Moreover, considering both inter- and intra-chromosomal rearrangements, the increased autosomal rearrangement rates may be common across the Aphidomorpha lineage. Additionally, the expansion of DNA and SINE-type transposable elements, along with gene loss and duplication associated with karyotypic instability (such as, RIF1, BRD8, DMC1, and TERT), may play crucial roles in aphid chromosomal evolution. Our results provide new insights into aphid chromosomal evolutionary patterns, which are helpful for understanding the genetic mechanisms behind species diversity and adaptive evolution.
Drivers and Frictions in Accelerating the Adoption of Digital Healthcare Services. Healthcare Ecosystem Perspective
Authors: Pundziene Asta , Sermontyte-Baniule Rima , Perpiña Isabel Narbón , Macijauskiene Jurate
Published: August 2024

Background
Worldwide, healthcare systems utilize a small part of digital healthcare potential. Despite digital healthcare services advances during COVID-19, the progress is unsatisfactory and sometimes experiences drawbacks. Scholars have discussed diverse factors motivating or preventing healthcare providers from adopting digital healthcare services; however, drivers and frictions in the healthcare ecosystem are yet to be elicited. We mitigate this knowledge gap by answering the question of what are the drivers and frictions in the healthcare ecosystem facilitating or impeding the adoption of digital healthcare services.
Method
We address the research question by deploying multiple embedded case studies representing private, public, and mixed healthcare systems in the US, Spain, and Lithuania. We conducted 63 interviews with healthcare professionals and managers and analyzed 25 publicly available including archival documents of healthcare providers and healthcare policies to triangulate the information provided by the interviews.
Results
We propose a healthcare ecosystem dynamic model identifying drivers and frictions supporting and impeding the adoption of digital healthcare innovations. The model extends public healthcare knowledge by spotlighting specific drivers and frictions across individual, organizational, technological, and policy stakeholders. The model provides a holistic view on needed changes across healthcare ecosystems to boost the adoption of digital healthcare innovations.
Conclusions
The paper answered the research question of what are the drivers and frictions in the healthcare ecosystem facilitating or impeding the adoption of digital healthcare services. The three drivers are patient empowerment, the advanced functionality of digital healthcare innovations, and prevailing value-based healthcare policies. The three frictions are lack of feedback across all ecosystem stakeholders, mismatched actors' capabilities to prevailing digital technologies, and lack of embeddedness of digital healthcare innovations in the healthcare ecosystem.
Genome-wide association and transcriptomic analysis and the identification of growth-related genes in Macrobrachium nipponense
Authors: Gao Zijian , Zhang Wenyi , Jiang Sufei , Qiao Hui , Xiong Yiwei , Jin Shubo , Fu Hongtuo
Published: August 2024

Macrobrachium nipponense is a commercially important freshwater species of prawn that is widely distributed across Asian countries. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of growth in M. nipponense, and to provide a foundation for molecular breeding, we used genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) and transcriptomic analysis to screen polymorphisms and genes related to growth traits. We recorded the growth traits of 100 adult M. nipponense at the same growth stage, and each individual genotype was evaluated by whole genome resequencing. GWAS of growth traits detected 12 growth-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and eight growth-related genes from 49 chromosomes. Of the 100 individuals, we sampled muscle tissue from a total of 18 female and male M. nipponense exhibiting large differences in growth rate for RNA-seq. Transcriptome analysis revealed a total of 27,996 unigenes; of these, 33 and 60 differentially expressed genes were identified from males and females, respectively. Of these, we identified 12 genes associated with energy metabolism and cytoskeletal pathways as growth-related genes. Notably, genes from the actin family and the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase 2 (UCH2) gene were identified by both GWAS and transcriptomic analysis. Two growth-related SNPs, S40_12327385 and S40_12327391, were found to be mapped to the ACTB gene. The ACTA1 gene, also from the actin family, was up-regulated in fast-growing males and females, while the ACT57B was down-regulated. In addition, the growth associated SNP S7_35313774 was located in the UCH2 gene; transcriptomics analysis revealed that the UCH2 gene was up-regulated in female individuals exhibiting high growth rates. Overall, our results provided a set of markers and candidate genes related to the growth of M. nipponense. These findings could facilitate the breeding of this species and help us to further understand the genetic mechanisms of growth in crustaceans.
A comparative study of 114 bilateral total knee arthroplasty outcome in patients between over 80 years old and under 65 years in Chinese population
Authors: Jia Cheng-Qi , Gao Mei , Pan Hong-Fa , Wu Yu-Jie , Liu Kan
Published: August 2024

Background
Since China's rapidly growing elderly population, we compared bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) outcome in patients between over 80 years and under 65 years for reliability, durability, and satisfaction.
Methods
Between March 2005 and January 2018, 114 patients (228 knees) received BTKA due to osteoarthritis met the inclusion criteria and were postoperatively followed-up ≥ three years. Patients included 83 BTKAs under 65 years (Group 1) and 31 BTKAs over 80 years (Group 2). The indexes included operative data, hemoglobin, Knee Society Score (KSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Range of Motion (ROM), “Forgotten Joint” Scale (FJS), crutches, patients’ satisfaction, and radiographic examinations.
Results
The clinical and functional KSS, VAS, and ROM in group 2 improved significantly less than that in group 1 from preoperative mean of 31, 26, 8 and 85° to latest follow-up of 87, 55, 0 and 93°, respectively (p < 0.05). The differences in blood loss and transfusion between two groups were correlated with stages, but not number of hospitalizations (p < 0.05). However, postoperative hemoglobin was correlated with number of hospitalizations, but not stages (p < 0.05). Thirteen patients still used crutches at last follow-up in group 2 (42%). The satisfaction rate in group 2 (90.3%) was lower than 99.4% in group 1 (p < 0.05). The proportion of FJS ≥ 50 was 96.4% in group 1 and 87.1% in group 2 (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
BTKA was reliable, durable, and satisfied in patients over 80 years in Chinese population, and more blood transfusion should be prepared in patients over 80 years.
Level of evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impact of Park Redesign and Renovation on Children’s Quality of Life
Authors: Hong Houlin , Kodali Hanish , Dunlap Ann , Wyka Katarzyna , Thorpe Lorna E , Evenson Kelly R , Huang Terry T-K
Published: August 2024

Despite increasing interest in the role of parks on children’s health, there has been little empirical research on the impact of park interventions. We used a quasi-experimental pre-post study design with matched controls to evaluate the effects of park redesign and renovation on children’s quality of life (QoL) in underserved neighborhoods in New York City, with predominantly Hispanic and Black populations. Utilizing longitudinal data from the Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces (PARCS) Study, we examined the parent-reported QoL of 201 children aged 3–11 years living within a 0.3-mile radius of 13 renovated parks compared to 197 children living near 11 control parks before and after the park intervention. QoL was measured using a modified version of the KINDL questionnaire, a health-related QoL scale that assessed children’s physical and emotional well-being, self-esteem, and well-being in home, peer, and school functioning. Linear mixed regression model was used to examine the difference in difference (DID) between the intervention vs. control group for QoL. We found a significant differential improvement in the physical well-being subscale of KINDL in the intervention vs. control group (DID = 6.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.85-11,85, p = 0.024). The effect was particularly strong among girls (DID = 7.88, p = 0.023) and children of the lowest socio-economic background (p < 0.05). No significant DID was found in other KINDL domains. Our study indicated a beneficial impact of improving park quality on the physical well-being of children residing in underserved neighborhoods. These findings lend support for investments in neighborhood parks to advance health equity.
Exploring the Link Between Sleep characteristics and Osteoarthritis: Evidence from NHANES and MR
Authors: Cao Dongdong , Chen Jixin , Yu Weijie , Yang Jialin , Guo Tianci , Zhang Yu , Liu Aifeng
Published: August 2024

Background
Epidemiological studies indicate that sleep disturbances are risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder, yet its causal relationship with OA remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the causal relationship between three typical sleep characteristics of OSA and OA, aiming to provide theoretical support for clinical prevention and treatment strategies.
Methods
We used information from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2015–2018 to conduct a cross-sectional study. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between OSA and OA. We obtained genetic instruments from publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases for MR studies, with inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the primary method.
Results
After controlling for all confounding variables, multivariate logistic regression revealed an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.67 (95% CI: 1.44, 1.95) for OSA about OA, supporting the positive connection between the two conditions established in the cross-sectional analysis. MR analysis further suggested a causal link between snoring and daytime sleepiness, two primary OSA symptoms, and an increased risk of OA, with OR of 1.059 (95% CI: 1.020, 1.099) and 1.052 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.094), respectively.
Conclusion
Our study found that OSA may be a risk factor for the development or progression of OA. Therefore, we believe that OSA may be a new target for the prevention and treatment of OA. Future studies should focus on confirming these findings in different populations and elucidating the exact biological mechanisms behind the OSA-OA relationship.
Who benefits more from an expansion of Government Health Expenditures in Western China
Authors: Li Zhichun , Du Jinrui , Sun Yufeng , Fan Miao
Published: August 2024

Objectives
Government health expenditures (GHE) is the most effective factor in improving social health conditions. States often allocate funds to the equity considerations to ensure that GHE is pro-poor and the subsidies are well targeted. This study aimed to interpret who acquires GHE benefit in Western China. Setting: The whole health care. Participants: in western China, there were 149 prefecture-level cities (districts) in 12 provinces and autonomous regions over a period of 11 years selected for analysis in this study. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The research applied the static BIA, the concentration index (CI) and marginal benefit model controlling fixed effects to calculate the benefit incidence equity of GHE. Results : The static BIA of GHE showed that the benefits of each group fluctuated in different years, with no consistent trend. However, the gaps among the three groups were becoming smaller and smaller, and the low group had a tendency to surpass the middle and high groups. The benefit equity analysis of GHE showed that the CI value was close to 0 and Kakwani index was negative, indicating good fairness. The marginal benefit analysis considering the time factor showed that, as time went by, the marginal benefit of GHE was more and more inclining to the middle and low groups, without obvious pro-rich. Consideration: In western China, the government's goal of equitable and accessible medical care was being achieved step by step.
A volumetric study of the choroid plexus in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Liu Hu , Liu Huiyang , Li Huanhuan , Tian Bailing , Sun Zhen , Xiong Wen , Li Zhenxing , Yang Pingting , Fan Guoguang
Published: August 2024

Background: Much evidence suggests that the choroid plexus (CP) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but its imaging profile in neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) remains unexplored.
Purpose: To evaluate CP volume in NPSLE patients using MRI.
Materials and methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with SLE who underwent MRI of the brain, including three-dimensional T1-weighted imaging. CP volumes were automatically segmented. CP volume was evaluated using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, and total intracranial volume among three groups: NPSLE group, non-NPSLE group, and healthy control group (HC). Correlation analysis was performed between CP volume and clinical variables in the patient group.
Results: A total of 138 patients with SLE were included in the analysis. It was found that the right CP volume was greater in NPSLE compared with non-NPSLE and HC. When stratified according to their diagnosed status, newly diagnosed NPSLE had significantly greater CP volumes bilaterally compared with HC. Right CP volume was positively associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) scores in the patient group. All statistical significance levels were p <0.05.
Conclusion: CP enlargement could reflect a neuroinflammatory response that occurs at NPSLE disease onset. CP volume may serve as a promising marker for SLE, especially for newly diagnosed NPSLE.
Spatiotemporal trajectory of life expectancy and its disparity in China 2000 - 2030：Modelling and prediction
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Wang Jinfeng , Guo Naliang , Cai Yue , Yin Qian , Wu Shiyong
Published: August 2024

Background
Life expectancy (LE) is one of crucial metrics of human evolution. However, the evolutionary trajectories of LE in different regions of China and the regional inequalities expected in 2030 are still unclear yet.
Method
This study collected provincial LE data and relevant explanatory variables for the years of 2000, 2010, 2020 in China. The Geotree method was employed to reconstruct the evolution trajectories of LE, while a multilevel model was used to predict LEs at the provincial levels in the country for the year 2030.
Finding
: The LE in China exhibits significant geographical pattern, decreasing from the east to the west of the country. LE increases with the socio-economic development but is constrained by the natural environment. The physical limitation to LE is significant in western China but are being alleviated with the development of socio-economic conditions. LE will increase in all provinces by 2030, with the overall LE in China reaching 80.05 years (95% confidence interval: 78.93 ~ 81.28), and regional inequalities will diminish.
Conclusion
LE is increasing with the improvement of socioeconomic condition over time; the constraints imposed by the natural environment on LE are being overridden with the improvement of socio-economic conditions.
Associations between voluntary activation and difference in critical torque estimation between gold standard methods in untrained participants
Authors: Corre Antonin Le , Turpin Nicolas A. , Begue Jérémie , Chouchou Florian , Mariani Antoine , Caron Nathan , Dalleau Georges
Published: August 2024

Purpose. While motor unit recruitment may be impaired for some clinical populations, and while allout testing procedures involve repeated maximal contractions to accurately estimate critical torque (CT), no previous study has precisely examined the relationships between voluntary activation (VA) and difference in CT estimation according to gold-standards methods. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the level of VA influences the CT estimated according to the two reference methods.
Methods. In the present study, CT was estimated during a 5-min all-out test involving the plantar-flexor muscles in untrained participants, separated in two groups including subjects with low levels of VA (VALow; ), and high levels of VA (VAHigh; ). The participants performed 60 maximal isometric contractions (3s of contractions/2s of rest) and VA was estimated before, every six contractions and after the all-out test.
Results. The major findings were that participants in the VALow group had lower CT than VAHigh participants (p=0.02) and showed lower exponential curvature constant (τ; p<0.0001). Differences in CT estimation was accounted for by baseline VA and τ (~55% of variance).
Conclusion. The present study demonstrates the inconsistency between two standard CT estimation methods and show that the differences are linked to the ability to produce MVCs. While CT is an important parameter for quantifying neuromuscular fatiguability in clinical populations, the all-out test is limited in its current form. We suggest new ways for estimating CT that rely less heavily on VA capacity, which would therefore be more adapted to participants subject to neuromuscular deconditioning.
Antitumor effects of natural killer cells derived from gene-engineered human induced pluripotent stem cells on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nakamura Mayuna , Tanaka Yuka , Hakoda Keishi , Ohira Masahiro , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Kurachi Kenji , Tamura Kouichi , Ohdan Hideki
Published: August 2024

Mortality and recurrence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain high despite the use of various treatment methods. Recently, cell-based immunotherapy using natural killer (NK) cells has attracted considerable attention in cancer immunotherapy. NK cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a new option for use as an NK cell resource. The eNK cells (HLCN061, developed by HEALIOS K.K.) are human iPSC-derived NK cells differentiated from clinical-grade iPSCs in which IL-15, CCR2B, CCL19, CD16a, and NKG2D have been introduced. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the potential of eNK cell therapy for HCC treatment. The analysis of eNK cells for cell surface and intracellular molecules revealed that antitumor-related surface molecules (TRAIL, CD226, and CD16) and intracellular cytotoxic factors (perforin, granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ) were highly expressed. In addition, eNK cells exhibited high cytotoxicity against HCC cell lines (HepG2, HuH7, and SNU-423), which are sensitive to NKG2D, TRAIL, and CD226. The TRAIL and perforin/granzyme B pathways are largely involved in this cytotoxic mechanism, as indicated by the reduction in cytotoxicity induced by TRAIL inhibitory antibodies and concanamycin A, which inhibits perforin/granzyme B-mediated cytotoxicity. Our data suggest that eNK cells, whose functions have been enhanced by genetic engineering, have the potential to improve HCC treatment.
PURE-seq identifies Egr1 as a Potential Master Regulator in Murine Aging by Sequencing Long-Term Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Authors: Abate Adam , Pan Sixuan , Chang Kai-Chun , Fernández-Maestre Inés , Haver Stéphane , Wereski Matthew , Bowman Robert , Levine Ross
Published: August 2024

Single-cell transcriptomics is valuable for uncovering individual cell properties, particularly in highly heterogeneous systems. However, this technique often results in the analysis of many well-characterized cells, increasing costs and diluting rare cell populations. To address this, we developed PURE-seq (PIP-seq for Rare-cell Enrichment and Sequencing) for scalable sequencing of rare cells. PURE-seq allows direct cell loading from FACS into PIP-seq reactions, minimizing handling and reducing cell loss. PURE-seq reliably captures rare cells, with 60 minutes of sorting capturing tens of cells at a rarity of 1 in 1,000,000. Using PURE-seq, we investigated murine long-term hematopoietic stem cells and their transcriptomes in the context of hematopoietic aging, identifying Egr1 as a potential master regulator of hematopoiesis in the aging context. PURE-seq offers an accessible and reliable method for isolating and sequencing cells that are currently too rare to capture successfully with existing methods.
Suboptimal access to ceftriaxone among adult postoperative patients at Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda: Prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Edith Namakula , Mpirirwe Ruth , Ronald Kiguba
Published: August 2024

Background An estimated 4.95 million deaths associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurred globally in 2019. Access to ceftriaxone is still low, causing 11.2% of patients not to complete their treatment in health facilities. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence and factors associated with suboptimal access to ceftriaxone among adult post-operative patients in Mulago National Referral Hospital, Uganda.Methods The study employed a cross-sectional design, and was conducted at Mulago National Referral Hospital, among 443 adult postoperative patients who received a prescription for ceftriaxone, from August to November 2023. Ethical approval was obtained from the Mulago Hospital Research and Ethics Committee (Ref: MHREC 2473), and permission was obtained from the Uganda National Council of Science and Technology (ref number: HS2936ES). Suboptimal access was a state where a patient received less than 100% of the prescribed amount of ceftriaxone vails for all postoperative days, from the hospital pharmacy; measured using self-reports and chart reviews. Data were collected from systematically sampled and consented patient caretakers using questionnaires. Data were entered into Epidata software and exported into STATA software version 14.0 for analysis, using Modified Poisson regression.Results The median age of 443 patients was 38 years (IQR: 28–50), and 77.9% (345/443) were male. The prevalence of suboptimal access to ceftriaxone was 79% (350/443), and 61% (270/350) of these had no access at all. Factors associated with suboptimal access included; the gender of the patient, knowledge of the pharmacy location, dispensers’ availability, and pharmacy working hours.Conclusion Suboptimal access to ceftriaxone among postoperative patients was high. Knowledge of the pharmacy location, gender of the patient, pharmacy dispensers’ availability, and appropriateness of working hours were positive predictors of suboptimal access. Ward emergency drug cabins should be refilled routinely, and hospital pharmacies should open for 24 hours daily. The hospital medicines and supplies budget should be increased, and rational antibiotic use should be investigated.
Prevalence, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Outcomes of Intra-Abdominal Hydatid Cysts: Insights from a Single Center Study in Yemen
Authors: Nagmadden Abdulrahman Yahya , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Al-Amdi Amat Alrahman , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To analyze the demographic, clinical, and diagnostic characteristics of patients with intra-abdominal hydatid cysts, as well as their treatment outcomes, using data from a single-center study.
Patients and Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with intra-abdominal hydatid cysts. Data were collected on patient demographics, clinical presentations, diagnostic imaging techniques, treatment strategies, and outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to identify significant correlations between cyst localization and clinical outcomes.
Results
The study included 158 patients, with a higher prevalence in women (54.0%) than in men (46.0%). The most affected age group was 21–50 years. Abdominal pain was the predominant symptom (65.2%), with 34.8% of cases discovered incidentally. CT scans were the primary diagnostic tool (71.5%), followed by ultrasound (25.9%). Surgical intervention, particularly endocystectomy, was the main treatment approach (65.2%). Complications were infrequent but included fistula (0.9%), bile leaks (4.9%), and wound infections (41.8%), with one postoperative death due to heart disease. Significant correlations were found between cyst localization and clinical outcomes (p-value < 0.05).
Conclusion
Intra-abdominal hydatid cysts predominantly affect females and young to middle-aged adults. Abdominal pain is the most common symptom, and computed tomography (CT) is crucial for accurate diagnosis. Surgical intervention remains the cornerstone of treatment, with most patients experiencing complete symptom resolution. This study underscores the need for standardized diagnostic protocols, combined treatment approaches, and comprehensive posttreatment follow-up. Continued research and multidisciplinary collaboration are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing the disease burden.
Classical Decomposition Time Series Predictive Model for the Forecast of Domestic Electric Energy Demand and Supply
Authors: Abubakar Ruhiya , Accra Ghana acakpovia@gmail.com Amevi Acakpovi , Agyare Micheal , Afoakwa Samuel
Published: August 2024

In modern technology and systems modeling, electric energy forecasting is extremely vital in gaining effective application of energy policies. This model is formulated after a thorough study of the power load conditions of Ghana as well as the factors that affect domestic electricity demand of supply in the Country was conducted. In Ghana, the LEAP (Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning) forecast model is officially applied for electricity demand and projection of power supply which comes with forecasting errors. Thus, there exists a crucial need to develop a forecasting model for the best energy policies formulation and consequent minimization of overall forecasting error compared to the LEAP model. Results from the quantitative classical multiplicative decomposition forecast model is comparatively precise with a reduced forecast error margin between − 5–4.5% compared to an existing prediction error margin viz., 1% to -11%.
By virtue of the proposed study, accurate forecasting of power loads, improvement in utilization of electrical equipment, economies of scale and reduction in production cost can be attained. It is also essential to optimize power system resources for the attainment of energy conservation and overall reduction in emissions.
From Professing to Doing: Mathematical Values Practices of Mathematics Teachers
Authors: Dorwu Esenam , Awuah Francis Kwadwo , Kyeremeh Patrick
Published: August 2024

There is a widespread belief that mathematics is the most value-free of all school subjects among stakeholders in mathematics education, especially teachers. However, some mathematics educators and researchers are convinced that mathematics is culture-embedded and, therefore, value-driven. This present study aimed at exploring senior high school (SHS) mathematics teachers’ teaching practices of mathematical values in a municipality in Ghana. In the quest to achieve the purpose of this study, we employed explanatory sequential mixed methods. In the quantitative study, a census was employed to include all 53 SHS mathematics teachers within the Tano South Municipality. For the qualitative phase, purposive sampling was used to select six SHS mathematics teachers recruited to complete the questionnaires in the quantitative phase to participate in interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using both descriptive statistics (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (one-way between-groups analysis of variance [ANOVA]). The qualitative data also was analyzed using a thematic analysis. From the study’s findings, it was concluded that SHS mathematics teachers often practiced the mathematical values of objectism, control, progress, and openness. In contrast, other mathematical values, such as rationalism and mystery, were sometimes practiced. The mathematical values teaching practice among SHS mathematics teachers who teach at Basic 10, 11, and 12 were statistically significantly different. It is, therefore, recommended, among others, that teacher education institutions review their mathematics programs to promote values and valuing in mathematics education among pre-service mathematics teachers.
Reframing Knowledge Capital Theory: A Critical Realist Approach Using Rosetta Stone and Harmonized Learning Outcomes Datasets - A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Williams Daniel Grant , Coates Adam
Published: August 2024

Knowledge Capital Theory (KCT) posits a causal link between educational outcomes and economic growth. This study critically examines KCT through a Critical Realist (CR) lens, leveraging two novel datasets: Rosetta Stone and Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO). These datasets offer a more comprehensive view of educational performance across diverse global contexts, addressing limitations in data and methods currently used in International Large-Scale Assessments (ILSAs).
The study employs an updated Abductive Theory of Science Method (ATOM) framework within a CR perspective, combining quantitative analysis with qualitative inquiry to discuss underlying mechanisms and contextual factors influencing the education-economy relationship.
Analysis reveals a complex picture of KCT's empirical and theoretical status. Regression models with the conditioned Rosetta and HLO data produced R² values of 0.43 and 0.21 respectively, indicating a significant relationship between cognitive skills and economic growth. However, a logarithmic model for the HLO data yielded a higher R² of 0.389 compared to 0.211 using linear conditioning, challenging KCT's linear assumptions.
The study identified several atypical countries, suggesting the influence of factors such as resource-dependent economies, industry concentration, and economic instability. While providing support for KCT's core claims across a broader range of countries than previous research, these findings highlight the need for more nuanced interpretations.
This research raises fundamental questions about applying Lakatosian concepts in social sciences, suggesting a reinterpretation of Lakatos' framework as a heuristic tool rather than a strict evaluative criterion in open social systems. It proposes a dual approach in educational economics: pursuing empirical progressiveness while developing more sophisticated theoretical models that accommodate open systems' complexities.
By incorporating CR and ATOM, the study provides a methodological framework for future ILSA research that better accounts for the multifaceted nature of educational outcomes and their economic impacts. This approach offers policymakers contextually relevant insights for developing effective educational policy, while giving researchers tools for more comprehensive analyses of the education-economy relationship.
The findings have implications for educational policy, particularly regarding Sustainable Development Goal 4, highlighting the need for context-sensitive approaches to education reform that consider the complex interplay of factors influencing the education-economy relationship.
Dynamic Modeling and Control of a Novel Overrunning Clutch Shift-Assistant Transmission for Wind Turbines
Authors: Geng Zhi , Zhu Wenmin
Published: August 2024

A novel automatic transmission that achieves power-on shifting with only one friction clutch, i.e., an overrunning clutch shift-assistant transmission (OCT) is developed for wind turbines. This transmission realizes continuous shifting by alternating power transfer between a friction clutch and an overrunning clutch. To study the shift smoothness of this automatic transmission, a six-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of a two-speed transmission was established. A coordinated control strategy for the clutch and power source during shifting was proposed, and simulation and test bench studies were conducted. The results show that the proposed upshift and downshift control strategies can effectively reduce shift impact, keeping the jerk during shifting within 10 m/s3.
Can Systemic Immune Inflammatory Index Predict Nosocomial Infection in Term Newborns who Underwent Congenital Cardiac Surgery?
Authors: sağlam selin , ozturk erkut , ozalp serife , tanıdır ibrahim cansaran , özcan funda gümüş , Hatemi Ali Can
Published: August 2024

Background: In this study, the aim was to investigate the contribution of early-stage systemic immune inflammatory index(SII) and acute phase reactants to predict nosocomial infections in term newborns who underwent congenital heart surgery.
Methods: This study was carried out retrospectively in newborns who were followed up in the pediatric cardiac intensive care unit between November 1, 2021 and December 1, 2022 and had had cardiac surgery. Demographic and clinical features, changes in systemic inflammatory index (platelet count x neutrophil count/lymphocyte count) and acute phase reactants in the preoperative and postoperative first 72 hours were evaluated in patients with or without nosocomial infection.The results were analyzed statistically.
Results: During the study period, cardiac surgery was performed in 160 neonates. Median age was 10 days(IQR 6 days -15 days) and median weight was 3 kg(IQR 2.8 kg -3.2 kg).Eighty of the patients were male(50%).55 different nosocomial infections were detected in 44 patients(27.5%). Bloodstream infections were the most common with 62%, followed by lower respiratory tract infections in 23% and wound infections in 15%.Mortality due to nosocomial infection was determined as 34%.SII and NLR values measured on the 2nd and 3rd postoperative days were significantly higher in patients with nosocomial infection (p< 0.05). SII value >510((72% specificity 85% sensitivity) on postoperative 2nd day and SII >730(72% specificity 80% sensitivity) on postoperative 3rd day were predicting nosocomial infection strongly.
Conclusion: Nosocomial infections are an important cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns with congenital heart surgery. Easy-to-use systemic inflammatory index measurement can help to predict nosocomial infections.
Sex Differences in Cognitive Performance Persist into Your 80s
Authors: Julian Ross , Fröhlich Stephanie , Müller Katrin , Dammhahn Melanie , Voelcker-Rehage Claudia
Published: August 2024

Background Sex differences in cognitive performance have been extensively documented. Understanding the underlying factors contributing to sex differences in older adults is imperative to promote healthy cognitive ageing. Sex hormones, estrogens, and testosterone have been suggested to be associated with cognition. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of studies investigating the sex difference in cognitive performance and the contribution of gonadal hormones in older adults. Hence, the current study aimed to investigate sex differences in cognitive performance and elucidate the association between gonadal hormones and cognitive performance in 80+-year-olds.Methods Using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 131 older adults (aged 80 to 92 years), 17 cognitive performance measures were divided into two cognitive components: executive functioning and memory. Subsequently, mediation analyses were conducted to determine the direct effect of sex and the indirect effect mediated by gonadal hormones on executive functioning and memory.Results Females outperformed males in executive functioning and memory. However, gonadal hormones did not mediate the sex effect on cognitive performance. Interestingly, estrogen significantly predicted executive functioning but not memory. Testosterone was not found to predict either executive functioning or memory.Conclusion Our study confirms enduring sex differences in memory and executive function, even among individuals aged 80 and above. Current gonadal hormone levels do not mediate these differences. While estrogen may predict executive function, its influence does not explain the sex differences. These findings underscore the complex nature of cognitive disparities between sexes in older age, warranting further investigation into underlying mechanisms.
Running a business during wartime: Voice of Ukrainian displaced business
Authors: Polishchuk Yevheniia , Kornyliuk Anna , Lavreniuk Vladyslav , Horbov Vladyslav , Ivashchenko Alla , Tepliuk Mariia
Published: August 2024

Wars not only disrupt economic stability but also displace numerous enterprises, altering the socioeconomic landscape of affected regions. This study aims to analyze the case of relocated businesses in Ukraine, particularly their needs and adaptation in the host regions. An expert survey method was applied for 58 relocated micro-, small, and medium enterprises. The survey and review of secondary sources allowed distinguishing that security is the main driver of relocation (65% of respondents). Although for more than half of the respondents, relocation led to an increase in business activity in the host region, their ability to cover their own needs at the expense of their own funds fell, which led to the demand for external sources of financing. The biggest challenges are the cultural and doing business differences, loss of suppliers, and energy costs. In addition to financing, the TOP-3 needs include access to new markets (60%), the need for new equipment (57%), and special local permits (47%). Host regional authorities, as well as foreign donors, played a crucial role in adaptation to their region. In turn, businesses also note their contribution to the development of the host regions through tax contributions and providing jobs for the population and higher-quality products. Businesses demonstrate their openness to cooperation with foreign donors more than with local sponsors. These results are helpful for policymaking regarding regional development and the post-war rebuilding of Ukraine.
Ampliando la conciencia social de los problemas medioambientales. Análisis sobre las imágenes de la Campaña Plásticos de Greenpeace México
Authors: Rodríguez González Josefina
Published: August 2024

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis de las imágenes que difunde Greenpeace México a través de su perfil en Facebook en la campaña contra los plásticos, apoyándose de los elementos metodológicos de la semiótica visual. Los resultados del estudio permiten determinar que las imágenes sirven para dar sentido social a la causa del organismo y lograr la participación de la ciudadanía, gobierno y empresas, en donde se hacen visibles algunas marcas comerciales como causantes de la contaminación plástica; las especies acuáticas y el mar, como los más perjudicados por el uso desmedido que el ser humano hace de este tipo de material catalogado como de un solo uso. Todos estos elementos dan legitimidad a su campaña en Facebook, siendo la imagen un medio mediante el cual muestran una de las problemáticas medioambientales más graves que existen en la actualidad a nivel mundial, jugando un papel estratégico para formar conciencia en la población, seguir presentes en la escena pública y recabar fondos.
DESIGN BIOINSPIRADO DE CORANTES
Authors: Homem-de-Mello Paula , Gonzalez de Souza Ana Clara , U. Melo Diêgo , S. Mol Gabriel , R. De Souza Jhonathan , M. Carneiro Leonardo , G. Nobrega Maíra , Zanotto Mateus , G. Q. Corrêa Raissa Lohanna , P. M. de Oliveira Hueder , H. Bartoloni Fernando , A. Aoto Yuri , D. Coutinho-Neto Mauricio , Orestes Ednilsom
Published: August 2024

BIOINSPIRED DESIGN OF DYES. The history of the discovery, use, and development of dyes is closely linked to the history of humanity itself. Among the first records of human civilization are cave paintings made from, e.g., fruits, plants, minerals, and insects. Over the centuries, using different techniques, colors have been given to all types of materials and products, from clothing to food. The chemicals responsible for colors are dyes – a vast collection of molecules of the most varied compositions, but which have in common the absorption of light within the visible window of the electromagnetic spectrum. This article aims not only to review the properties of some classes of natural dyes, their origins, and their applications but also to describe the various computational chemistry methods involved in designing new bio-inspired molecules.
The Discovery of Protheolysis Targeting Chimeras (PROTACs), Evolution, Design and Perspectives in Modulating Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Caruso Lucas , M. Pereira Thiago , E. Kümmerle Arthur
Published: August 2024

Currently, most drugs have their mode of action based on occupation-oriented pharmacology (proteins modulation through temporary inhibition by association and dissociation). Alternative modes of actions are welcome to exploit current known targets (in a more selective way, for example) as well as those known as “undruggable”. PROTAC (protheolysis targeting chimera) technology provides a compelling new approach that is based on an event-driven mode of action, exploring simultaneous binding to a protein and an E3 ligase, leading to targeted protein degradation, modulating the proteins levels. After all progress over the past two decades and the recent level of interest, clearly targeted protein degradation mode of action could become a therapeutic modality in the future. Furthermore, several PROTACs are under clinical trials, even already progressing to phase 3 (i.e., ARV-471). In this review we addressed the PROTACs discovery process, mode of action, evolution, current stage, their design, applications to modulating inflammatory conditions and the future directions of this promising drug discovery modality, including problems that still need to be overcome.
Verifying an improved intermittent water distribution network analysis method based on EPA-SWMM
Authors: Sarisen Dondu , Farmani Raziyeh , Watkins David W. , Barkdoll Brian D. , Rivers Brian W. , Zhang Chao , Memon Fayyaz Ali
Published: August 2024

Modelling Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) presents challenges, as traditional hydraulic methods based on EPANET are often inadequate due to their inability to simulate the network filling process. While EPA-SWMM (EPA's Storm Water Management Model)-based methods enhance IWS analysis, they remain network-specific and lack universal applicability. This study aims to calibrate and verify an improved EPA-SWMM-based model on a 6 m × 5 m laboratory-scale IWS. Experiments were conducted to capture flow rate data from demand nodes under various conditions. The EPA-SWMM model, based on uncontrolled outlets with flow rate varying by pressure, was calibrated using, an automated procedure that integrated the Genetic Algorithm (GA) into the SWMM-toolkit for optimizing minor loss and pipe roughness coefficients. Comparing model results with experimental data demonstrated the model's capability to simulate the laboratory-scale IWS system behaviour. The model was also applied to a real case study, with results closely aligning with field data, affirming its reliability. The proposed IWS modelling method offers a versatile tool for applications, such as design and scenario analysis for tackling IWS challenges and managing IWS systems. Future research should focus on a large-scale laboratory experiment with pressure and flow sensors, considering air presence in the network to mitigate errors.
Menos conferencias, más experiencias
Authors: Arrieta Mauricio , Maestre Marla , Villegas Edgar , Aguas Roberto
Published: August 2024

Menos conferencias, más experiencias es una invitación a transformar la educación superior, reduciendo e intercalando las conferencias magistrales de clase, con actividades conversacionales y participativas. Este libro declara que las experiencias educativas deben ser activas para mejorar la retención de conocimientos y el desarrollo de habilidades críticas en los estudiantes, y que el docente no será un actor invisible. Presenta un modelo educativo innovador que integra un marco conversacional de aprendizaje con principios de diseño como el procesamiento profundo, los 4 bocados y la priorización, con el fin de crear entornos de aprendizaje más dinámicos y efectivos. A través de ejemplos prácticos y reflexión permanente, el texto guía a los educadores en el diseño de experiencias educativas, alineadas con los resultados y evidencias de aprendizaje deseados. Aprovecha, además, la revolución de la tecnología digital en la producción educativa. Con un enfoque que reconoce el rol cocreador de docentes y estudiantes, Menos conferencias, más experiencias desafía a los educadores a repensar su papel, animándolos a adoptar un rol de codiseñador que promueva la curiosidad y la producción reflexiva en aprendizajes más significativos.