bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Household Reliance on Environmental Income in the Western Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania
Authors: Kyando Moses Titus , Nyahongo Julius William , Roskaft Eivin , Nielsen Martin Reinhardt
Published: February 2019

Pressures on protected areas (PAs) in Tanzania are increasing through the extractive use by surrounding communities. Understanding how environmental reliance varies in relation to distance from PAs and in relation to household’s socio-economic characteristics is important for PAs management and decision of poverty alleviation strategies. This study therefore aimed to quantifying the reliance on cash environmental income as a share in total household income over a gradient of distance from PA boundaries in Western Serengeti and evaluates how it is influenced by socio-economic characteristics. Data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire of 150 households, randomly selected in three villages. Results indicate that environmental cash-income varies from 21.3% to 45.2% of the total annual cash-income, representing on average 37.8% of the total annual cash-income of all households surveyed. Households closest to the boundary of Serengeti National Park (SNP) are relatively more reliant on environmental income than those located relatively far. Environmental cash-income reliance is associated with household socio-economic factors including distance from SNP boundary, household wealth rank and absolute income from off-farm activities. The main sources of environmental cash-income are fuel-wood, construction materials and wild foods. Reducing environmental reliance requires promotion of off-farm activities, improved wood fuel stoves electricity and alternative sources of fuels.
The Role of Utilitarian, Brand value, Aesthetic, and the Cultural Factors on the Intention to Repurchase Smart Phones of Apple
Authors: Farajzadeh Iran , Naami Abdullah , Doshmanziari Esfandiar
Published: February 2019

Today, in the highly competitive world of business, having loyal customers is a valuable asset for businesses and companies. In the same vein, the re-purchase intention plays a vital role and identifying and improving its influential factors can boost this valuable asset. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to study the role of utilitarian, brand value, aesthetic, and the cultural factors on the intention to re-purchase Apple smartphones. This study is applied and has a descriptive-correlative design. The statistical population consisted of approximately 6000 students of management at the Central Branch of Tehran Azad University. The sample size was calculated 361 people using Morgan table. The simple random sampling method used. To test the research hypothesis, structural equation modeling (SEM) by Lisrel has been used. The findings show that product’s design, perceived quality, subjective norms and brand popularity were the factors that have had a positive effect both directly and through the intermediary variable of socio-cultural reputation on the intention to repurchase this product.
Projetos de implementação de erp cloud: pontos focais na gestão de negócios do setor de alimentos e bebidas brasileiro
Authors: Biancolino Cesar Augusto , Gheller Angélica Aparecida , Hollnagel Heloisa Candia , Bueno Ricardo Luiz Pereira
Published: February 2019

A indústria de alimentos e bebidas é formada por empresas que tem foco na transformação, tratamento, preparação e embalagem de bebidas e produtos alimentícios. Devido às características operacionais do setor, evidencia-se como uma tendência a adoção de ERPs baseados na tecnologia cloud. O objetivo principal do estudo é o de identificar e descrever quais são as principais dimensões de análise (pontos focais) e os respectivos impactos ao setor de alimentos e bebidas acerca da implementação de um projeto de um ERP cloud no cenário brasileiro. Para cumprir com este objetivo foi desenvolvida uma survey baseada em três hipóteses principais ligadas aos construtos custos, negociação com fornecedores e qualidade do serviço contratado pelas indústrias usuárias da tecnologia ERP cloud. Observou-se que as três hipóteses estabelecidas foram negadas. Com base nos dados apresentados no tópico de discussão dos dados obtidos pode-se observar que os fatores críticos de sucesso na implementação de ERP cloud levantados na literatura são reconhecidos também na pesquisa empírica, o que denota a sua importância para a vertical de alimentos e bebidas. Conclui-se que a rejeição das hipóteses baseadas na teoria específica sobre ERP cloud reflete a não proximidade dos profissionais de mercado com a implementação e utilização desta tecnologia no cenário empresarial brasileiro, em particular no setor de alimentos e bebidas.
Modelos de negócios educacionais: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Duarte Gwendole Ramos , Behr Ariel
Published: February 2019

O avanço de tecnologias viabiliza novas possibilidades de modelos de negócios, gerando impacto também no contexto educacional. Por meio de uma abordagem descritiva e qualitativa, este estudo traz uma análise de conteúdo da literatura existente sobre Modelos de Negócios Educacionais, com o objetivo de apresentar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre Modelos de Negócios Educacionais. Os resultados apontaram o ano de 2004 como o início da discussão acadêmica sobre o assunto, além disso foram encontrados 16 conceitos de modelos de negócios educacionais presentes na literatura e duas estruturas com elementos genéricos aplicáveis à educação – uma para universidades do futuro e outra para e-Education. Instituições de ensino superior demonstraram ser os principais alvos relacionados a temática. As delimitações da pesquisa foram os resultados encontrados nas bases de dados por meio dos termos de busca e o fato da utilização apenas dos artigos de periódicos para análises mais aprofundadas e, portanto, faz-se necessário o estudo e aprofundamento de outros termos conceituados nesta pesquisa, bem como a discussão da agenda de debate proposta.
FORESEE: a tool for the systematic comparison of translational drug response modeling pipelines
Authors: Turnhoff Lisa-Katrin , Hadizadeh Esfahani Ali , Montazeri Maryam , Kusch Nina , Schuppert Andreas
Published: February 2019

Translational models that utilize omics data generated in in vitro studies to predict the drug efficacy of anti-cancer compounds in patients are highly distinct, which complicates the benchmarking process for new computational approaches. In reaction to this, we introduce the uniFied translatiOnal dRug rESponsE prEdiction platform FORESEE, an open-source R-package. FORESEE not only provides a uniform data format for public cell line and patient data sets, but also establishes a standardized environment for drug response prediction pipelines, incorporating various state-of-the-art preprocessing methods, model training algorithms and validation techniques. The modular implementation of individual elements of the pipeline facilitates a straightforward development of combinatorial models, which can be used to re-evaluate and improve already existing pipelines as well as to develop new ones.

Availability and Implementation: FORESEE is licensed under GNU General Public License v3.0 and available at https://github.com/JRC-COMBINE/FORESEE .

Supplementary Information: Supplementary Files 1 and 2 provide detailed descriptions of the pipeline and the data preparation process, while Supplementary File 3 presents basic use cases of the package.

Contact: schuppert@combine.rwth-aachen.de
Protein changes in response to lead stress of lead-tolerant and lead-sensitive industrial hemp using SWATH technology
Authors: Xia Cheng , Hong Li , Yuan Su , Yang Yang , Hui Du Guang , Hu Liu Fei , Ping Xu Yan , Xing Huang , Gang Deng
Published: February 2019

Hemp is a Pb-tolerant and Pb-accumulating plant, and the study of its tolerance mechanisms could facilitate the breeding of hemp with enhanced Pb tolerance and accumulation. In the present study, we took advantage of SWATH (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra) technology to study the difference in proteomics between the Pb-tolerant seed-type hemp variety Bamahuoma (BM) and the Pb-sensitive fiber-type hemp variety Yunma 1(Y1) under Pb stress (3g/kg soil). A total of 63 and 372 proteins differentially expressed under Pb stress relative to control conditions were identified with liquid chromatography electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in BM and Y1, respectively; with each of these proteins being classified into 14 categories. Hemp adapted to Pb stress through accelerating ATP metabolism; enhancing respiration, light absorption and light energy transfer; promoting assimilation of intercellular nitrogen (N) and carbon (C); eliminating reactive oxygen species; regulating stomatal development and closure; improving exchange of water and CO2 in leaves; promoting intercellular transport; preventing aggregation of unfolded proteins; degrading misfolded proteins; and increasing the transmembrane transport of ATP in chloroplasts. Our results provide important reference protein and gene information for future molecular studies into the resistance and accumulation of Pb in hemp.
A use case centric survey of Blockchain: status quo and future directions
Authors: Perera Srinath , Leymann Frank , Fremantle Paul
Published: February 2019

This paper presents an assessment of blockchain technology based on the Emerging Technology Analysis Canvas (ETAC) to evaluate the drivers and potential outcomes. The ETAC is a framework to critically analyze emerging technologies.

The assessment finds that blockchain can fundamentally transform the world. It is ready for specific applications in use cases such as digital currency, lightweight financial systems, ledgers, provenance, and disintermediation.

However, Blockchain faces significant technical gaps in other use cases and needs at least 5-10 years to come to full fruition in those spaces. Sustaining the current level of effort (e.g. startups, research) for this period of time may be challenging. We also find that the need and merits of decentralized infrastructures compared to centralized and semi-centralized alternatives is not always clear. Given the risk involved and significant potential returns, we recommend a cautiously optimistic approach to blockchain with the focus on concrete use cases.

The primary contributions of this paper are a use case centric categorization of the blockchain, a detailed discussion on challenges faced by those categories, and an assessment of their future.
Effectiveness of small road tunnels and fences in reducing amphibian roadkill and barrier effects; case studies of retrofitted roads in Sweden
Authors: Helldin Jan Olof , Petrovan Silviu O
Published: February 2019

Although schemes to reduce road impacts on amphibians have been implemented for decades in Europe, several aspects on the effectiveness of such schemes remain poorly understood. Particularly in northern Europe, including Sweden, there is a widespread lack of available information on road mitigation for amphibians, which is hampering implementation progress and cost-effectiveness analyses of mitigation options. Here we present data derived from systematic counts of amphibians during spring migration at three previous hot-spots for amphibian roadkill in Sweden, where amphibian tunnels with guiding fences have now been installed. We used the data in combination with a risk model to estimate the number of roadkills and successful crossings before vs. after mitigation and mitigated vs. adjacent non-mitigated road sections. The estimated number of amphibians killed or at risk of being killed by car traffic decreased by 91–100% and the estimated number successfully crossing the road increased by 25–340% at mitigated road sections. Data however suggested fence-end effects that may moderate the reduction in roadkill. We discuss possible explanations for the observed differences between sites and construction types, and implications for amphibian conservation. We show how effectiveness estimates can be used for prioritizing amphibian passages along the existing road network. Finally, we emphasise the importance of careful monitoring of amphibian roadkill and successful crossings when new amphibian passages are constructed.
Simulation Improves Podiatry Student Skills and Confidence in Conservative Sharp Debridement on Feet
Authors: Grollo Aspasia , Morphet Ashley , Shields Nora
Published: February 2019

Background:

An essential skill for podiatrists is conservative sharp debridement of foot callus. Poor technique can result in lacerations, infections and possible amputation. This pilot trial explored whether adding simulation training to a traditional podiatry clinical placement improved podiatry student skills and confidence in conservative sharp debridement, compared with traditional clinical placement alone.

Methods:

Twenty-nine podiatry students were allocated randomly to either a control group or an intervention group on day 1 of their clinical placement. On day 4, the intervention group (n = 15) received a 2-hour simulation workshop using a medical foot-care model, and the control group (n = 14) received a 2-hour workshop on compression therapy. Both groups continued to learn debridement skills as opportunities arose while on clinical placement. The participants' debridement skills were rated by an assessor blinded to group allocation on day 1 and day 8 of their clinical placement. Participants also rated their confidence in conservative sharp debridement using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using logistic regression (skills) and analysis of covariance (confidence), with baseline scores as a covariate.

Results:

At day 8, analysis showed that those in the intervention group were 16 times more likely to be assessed as competent (95% confidence interval, 1.6–167.4) in their debridement skills and reported increased confidence in their skills (mean difference, 3.2 units; 95% confidence interval, 0.5–5.9) compared with those in the control group.

Conclusions:

This preliminary evidence suggests that incorporating simulation into traditional podiatry clinical placements may improve student skills and confidence with conservative sharp debridement.
Assessment of Pulmonary Function After Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment vs Standard Pulmonary Rehabilitation in a Healthy Population
Authors: Lorenzo Santiago , Nicotra Cassandra M. , Mentreddy Akshay R. , Padia Hiral J. , Stewart Derek O. , Hussein Mohamed O. , Quinn Thomas A.
Published: February 2019

Context

Standard pulmonary rehabilitation (SPR) does not use osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT), but OMT has potential to improve lung function and patient perception of breathing.

Objective

To analyze the immediate effects of OMT and SPR techniques on pulmonary function using spirometry and subjective ratings in young, healthy persons.

Methods

Participants were healthy students recruited from the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine-Bradenton and were randomly assigned to either the OMT or SPR group. During the first 4 weeks, each participant in the OMT group received 1 OMT technique (rib raising, doming of the diaphragm, thoracic lymphatic pump, and thoracic high velocity, low amplitude), and each participant in the SPR group received 1 SPR treatment (tapotement, pursed lip breathing, saline nebulizer, and rest) per week. Treatments were then ranked based on positive change in pulmonary function as measured by forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). During the fifth week, the OMT group received the 2 highest-ranked OMT techniques, and the SPR group received the 2 highest-ranked SPR treatments. During the sixth week, the OMT group received the highest-ranked OMT and SPR treatment, while the SPR group received the same treatment combination but in the reverse order. Pulmonary function, as measured through FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC, were collected before and after each treatment or treatment combination. Participants subjectively rated change in breathing after each treatment.

Results

A total of 53 students participated in the study, with 28 in the OMT group and 25 in the SPR group. In the OMT group, rib raising yielded the highest positive mean (SD) change of 0.001 (0.136) L in FEV1 and 0.052 (0.183) L in FVC, followed by lymphatic pump, with a change of 0.080 (0.169) L in FEV1 and −0.031 (0.229) L in FVC. In the SPR group, pursed lip breathing yielded the highest positive mean (SD) change of 0.101 (0.278) L in FEV1 and 0.031 (0.179) L in FVC, followed by tapotement, with a change of 0.045 (0.229) L in FEV1 and 0.061 (0.239) L in FVC. Saline treatment significantly decreased lung function. All other treatments did not result in any significant changes in lung function. Overall, SPR subjective ratings were significantly lower than ratings for both OMT and combination (OMT+SPR) treatments.

Conclusions

Saline significantly reduced lung function and had low subjective posttreatment ratings in young healthy adults. Additionally, OMT and combination OMT and SPR significantly improved subjective breathing more than SPR alone. Future applications of this study include evaluating OMT and SPR effects on lung function in patients with various pulmonary conditions.
EPypes: a framework for building event-driven data processing pipelines
Authors: Semeniuta Oleksandr , Falkman Petter
Published: February 2019

Many data processing systems are naturally modeled as pipelines, where data flows though a network of computational procedures. This representation is particularly suitable for computer vision algorithms, which in most cases possess complex logic and a big number of parameters to tune. In addition, online vision systems, such as those in the industrial automation context, have to communicate with other distributed nodes. When developing a vision system, one normally proceeds from ad hoc experimentation and prototyping to highly structured system integration. The early stages of this continuum are characterized with the challenges of developing a feasible algorithm, while the latter deal with composing the vision function with other components in a networked environment. In between, one strives to manage the complexity of the developed system, as well as to preserve existing knowledge. To tackle these challenges, this paper presents EPypes, an architecture and Python-based software framework for developing vision algorithms in a form of computational graphs and their integration with distributed systems based on publish-subscribe communication. EPypes facilitates flexibility of algorithm prototyping, as well as provides a structured approach to managing algorithm logic and exposing the developed pipelines as a part of online systems.
Discordant financial conflicts of interest disclosures between clinical trial conference abstract and subsequent publication
Authors: Weiss Glen J. , Davis Roger B.
Published: February 2019

Background

Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) are known to be prevalent in medicine. Authorship of pivotal trials reap non-financial benefits including publication productivity that can be used for assessment of tenure positions and promotion. The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the prevalence and discordance of academic trial author (authors) FCOI in industry-sponsored drug trials that were initially presented as oral abstracts and subsequently resulted in a peer-reviewed publication.

Methods

Oral abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2017 Annual Meeting that were subsequently published were identified. Studies that were non-industry sponsored, non-adult, or non-therapeutic trials were excluded. Studies that did not have a subsequent peer-reviewed publication or had a publication preceding the ASCO 2017 Annual Meeting were also excluded. FCOI was categorized and impact factor (IF) for the journal at the time of publication was retrieved. FCOI discordance between the oral abstract and publication was calculated based on geographic location and IF.

Results

A total of 22 paired abstract and publications met inclusion criteria for further analysis. A total of 384 authors were identified, of these 280 authors (74.1%) were included in both the oral abstract and subsequent publication. A total of 76% of these 280 authors had FCOI and 66.4% had FCOI discordance. There were statistically significant differences for the sum of FCOI discordance for U.S.-based authors (p = 0.0004) but not for journal IF. When analyzing the sum of absolute differences of FCOI discordance, statistical significance was reached for authors from any of the three geographic regions, as well as, low and high IF journals (all p-values < 0.0001).

Conclusions

This study draws attention to the lack of uniformity and vetting of FCOI reporting in abstracts and journals publishing solid tumor oncology trial results. This is particularly concerning, since FCOI is prevalent globally.
Medicare’s New Pathway for Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies
Authors: Farmer Steven A. , Ashby Lori M. , Blum Jonathan D.
Published: November 2024

This Viewpoint discusses the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Transitional Coverage for Emerging Technologies pathway.
Artificial Intelligence and Radiologist Burnout
Authors: Liu Hui , Ding Ning , Li Xinying , Chen Yunli , Sun Hao , Huang Yuanyuan , Liu Chen , Ye Pengpeng , Jin Zhengyu , Bao Heling , Xue Huadan
Published: November 2024

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the association of artificial intelligence (AI) with physician burnout is crucial for fostering a collaborative interactive environment between physicians and AI.

OBJECTIVE

To estimate the association between AI use in radiology and radiologist burnout.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS

This cross-sectional study conducted a questionnaire survey between May and October 2023, using the national quality control system of radiology in China. Participants included radiologists from 1143 hospitals. Radiologists reporting regular or consistent AI use were categorized as the AI group. Statistical analysis was performed from October 2023 to May 2024.

EXPOSURE

AI use in radiology practice.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES

Burnout was defined by emotional exhaustion (EE) or depersonalization according to the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Workload was assessed based on working hours, number of image interpretations, hospital level, device type, and role in the workflow. AI acceptance was determined via latent class analysis considering AI-related knowledge, attitude, confidence, and intention. Propensity score–based mixed-effect generalized linear logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between AI use and burnout and its components. Interactions of AI use, workload, and AI acceptance were assessed on additive and multiplicative scales.

RESULTS

Among 6726 radiologists included in this study, 2376 (35.3%) were female and 4350 (64.7%) were male; the median (IQR) age was 41 (34-48) years; 3017 were in the AI group (1134 [37.6%] female; median [IQR] age, 40 [33-47] years) and 3709 in the non-AI group (1242 [33.5%] female; median [IQR] age, 42 [34-49] years). The weighted prevalence of burnout was significantly higher in the AI group compared with the non-AI group (40.9% vs 38.6%; P < .001). After adjusting for covariates, AI use was significantly associated with increased odds of burnout (odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.10-1.30), primarily driven by its association with EE (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10-1.34). A dose-response association was observed between the frequency of AI use and burnout (P for trend < .001). The associations were more pronounced among radiologists with high workload and lower AI acceptance. A significant negative interaction was noted between high AI acceptance and AI use.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE

In this cross-sectional study of radiologist burnout, frequent AI use was associated with an increased risk of radiologist burnout, particularly among those with high workload or lower AI acceptance. Further longitudinal studies are needed to provide more evidence.
Hybridization of Terahertz Phonons and Magnons in Disparate and Spatially‐Separated Material Specimens
Authors: Białek M. , Todorov Y. , Stelmaszczyk K. , Szwagierczak D. , Synkiewicz‐Musialska B. , Kulawik J. , Pałka N. , Potemski M. , Knap W.
Published: November 2024

The interaction between condensed matter excitations and electromagnetic cavity fields serves as a rich playground for fundamental research and lies at the core of photonic and quantum technologies. Herein, the intriguing concept of composite states formed by distinct quasiparticles strongly coupled to the same optical cavity modes is experimentally and theoretically demonstrated. Specifically, magnons excited in a slab of an antiferromagnetic crystal and phonons excited in a distinct specimen of an insulating material are explored. The crystal slabs form an optical cavity with Fabry–Pérot oscillations in the terahertz range. Hybridized phonon–magnon polariton modes and their tunability by adjusting the distance between the slabs, showing that hybridization persists even at separations of up to several millimeters is demonstrated. The experimental results are interpreted using both classical and quantum electrodynamical models. The quantum description allows us to quantify the degree of hybridization linked to a topological behavior of the electric field phasor, in agreement with the classical electrodynamics expectations. The presented results are obtained at room temperature and cavities of millimeter size, paving the way for the engineering of realistic, frequency‐tunable THz devices through the hybridization of electric (phononics) and magnetic (spintronics) elementary excitations of matter.
A Nepenthes‐Inspired Hydrogel Hybrid System for Sweat‐Wicking Electrophysiological Signal Recording during Exercises
Authors: Yang Ganguang , Lan Zhaogang , Gong Hangyu , Wen Jiacheng , Pang Bo , Qiu Yuqi , Zhang Yue , Guo Wei , Bu Tianzhao , Xie Bin , Wu Hao
Published: November 2024

Collecting electrophysiological (EP) signals (e.g., electrocardiogram (ECG), electromyogram (EMG)) during exercises is crucial for feedback of cardiac health and muscle injuries. However, since several interferences exist in the skin interface (e.g., deformation, perspiration, and motion artifacts), commercial rigid electrodes/systems have difficulty in recording high‐fidelity EP signals. Here, a wireless Nepenthes‐inspired hydrogel (NIH) hybrid system is developed for high‐quality EP signal detection by establishing seamless‐integrated and rapidly directional sweat‐wicking device/skin interfaces during exercises. The adhesive strength of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PVA/PAAC)‐based double‐network hydrogels is significantly increased by more than sixfolds. Nepenthes‐inspired microstructures are further fabricated on hydrogels to enhance the directional transport speed of droplets by 4.5 times. Notably, the NIH electrodes can maintain an intimate coupling with the skin during continuous artificial sweat injection while showing the lowest impedance and highest signal‐to‐noise ratio (>19 dB) of EMG signals under complex conditions (i.e., vibration and perspiration). Finally, the NIH hybrid system is fabricated by decorating silicone joints and hollow structures to avoid stress concentration. This system can record high‐quality ECG waveforms and heart rate curves with relative deviations of <2.6% during exercises and rest. This NIH hybrid system represents a promising platform for precise EP signal monitoring in exercising scenarios.
MoSe2/P3HT Hybrid Heterostructure Field‐Effect‐Transistor for Photodetection
Authors: Khanikar Prabal Dweep , Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , Sharma Sumit , Lo Shih‐Chun , Namdas Ebinazar B. , Das Samaresh
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in organic–inorganic hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic devices due to their unparalleled advantages over all organic or all inorganic heterostructures. Despite substantial research, the potential of such hybrid heterostructures in phototransistor configuration has not been fully explored. Here, a hybrid phototransistor based on molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) and poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) heterojunction are reported with high n‐channel field‐effect mobility of 5.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 and excellent photodetector performance. The passivation of MoSe2 by the P3HT layer helps in notable reduction in the hysteresis loop, which otherwise can cause operational instabilities and measurement uncertainties. The hybrid phototransistor exhibits a large photoresponsivity of 40.4 AW−1 and a high detectivity of 2.03 × 1010 Jones at 660 nm wavelength irradiation. More importantly, the device features a fast photoresponse speed with rise/fall time of 363/370 µs, which is superior to other hybrid phototransistors based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD)‐organic heterostructures. These results highlight the potential of organic–inorganic systems as a possible avenue for developing next‐generation hybrid phototransistors.
A Multi‐Color Four‐Mode Electrochromic Window for All‐Season Thermal Regulation in Buildings
Authors: Chen Junyao , Cao Sheng , Liu Yuwei , Qin Shihua , Li Huiying , Yang Tao , Zhao Jialong , Zou Bingsuo
Published: November 2024

Electrochromic windows can control the amount of sunlight entering buildings, thus enabling thermal regulation and offering a significant opportunity to reduce building energy consumption. However, current electrochromic windows encounter difficulties with multi‐color control and fully independent adjustment of visible light and near‐infrared heat. Herein, this work introduces an advanced multi‐color four‐mode dual‐band electrochromic smart window (DESW) that not only showcases various color transformations but also independently manages visible light and near‐infrared heat from solar radiation, providing year‐round thermal regulation for buildings. This device features a zinc anode with Prussian blue analogues and tungsten oxide film electrodes. Its optical state superposition effect allows for a range of color transformations (yellow, orange, green, and black), enhancing visual appeal and offering four distinct optical states for precise control of visible light and near‐infrared transmittance. Simulation results show that this device achieves greater energy efficiency than commercial glass in most global climates throughout the year. Moreover, the energy generated by this multi‐color four‐mode DESW can be used to power low‐energy devices within the building, further decreasing overall energy consumption. This research opens up extensive possibilities for smart window design and supports the development of green buildings, contributing to global carbon neutrality and sustainable development.
4D Printing of Liquid Crystal Emulsions for Smart Structures with Multiple Functionalities
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Mainik Philipp , Vazquez‐Martel Clara , Álvarez‐Solana Cristina , Blasco Eva
Published: November 2024

3D printing, and more recently 4D printing, has emerged as a transformative technology for fabricating structures with complex geometries and responsive properties. However, employing functional colloidal solutions as inks for printing remains unexplored. In this work, we present a novel and versatile 4D printing approach for fabricating functional and complex‐shaped objects using polymerizable liquid crystal (LC) emulsion droplets. Leveraging a digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing technique, we achieve rapid production of intricate 3D geometries with high resolution. The printed structures retain the LC ordering from the precursor droplets, imparting the final objects with shape memory properties, including shape fixation and recovery upon heating or light exposure. Light‐responsive behavior is introduced post‐printing by embedding an azo dye into the 3D structures. Additionally, we explore the potential to create intrinsically porous 3D structures by selectively removing non‐reactive components from the printed geometries, adding an extra level of functionality to the printed objects. Furthermore, we incorporate chiral nematic LCs into the emulsion droplets, producing 3D objects with tunable reflective properties. To our knowledge, this is the first example of DLP 3D printing with emulsions, offering an effective and versatile pathway for developing 4D‐printed materials with potential applications in optics, robotics, microfluidics, and biomedicine.
Engineered Metal–Organic Framework with Stereotactic Anchoring and Spatial Separation of Porphyrins for Amplified Ultrasound‐Mediated Pyroptosis and Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Sainan , Meng Qi , Liu Zhendong , Wang Jiwei , Li Jing , Ma Xinyu , Hu Yarui , Wang Zhanfeng , Ma Ping'an , Lin Jun
Published: November 2024

Ultrasound‐mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is pivotal in specifically inducing pyroptosis of tumor cells. However, the effectiveness of pyroptosis is generally hindered by the constraints of ROS generation efficiency. Herein, a new porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework (Fe(TCPP)‐MOF) was rationally designed via an innovative dual‐solvent strategy to amplify ROS generation for ultrasound‐controlled pyroptosis. The crystal structure of Fe(TCPP)‐MOF was elucidated by continuous rotation electron diffraction technique, revealing its regular and rigid conformation. The porphyrin molecules were precisely oriented and firmly confined within the scaffold, effectively restricting intramolecular motion. The ample distance of 6.8 Å between two porphyrin molecules, combined with the interaction region indicator visualization, confirmed the absence of π–π stacking interactions in the Fe(TCPP)‐MOF framework, thereby avoiding the aggregation‐caused quenching effect. Furthermore, the permanent porosity and expansive surface area of Fe(TCPP)‐MOF enhanced its interaction with oxygen. These ingenious structural features endowed Fe(TCPP)‐MOF with a unique ability to generate a large amount of singlet oxygen under ultrasound activation. Meanwhile, the impetus of ultrasound also accelerated the rate of the Fenton reaction catalyzed by iron ions, significantly boosting the generation of hydroxyl radicals. Benefiting from the dual amplification of ROS, Fe(TCPP)‐MOF could efficiently induce tumor cells pyroptosis under ultrasound stimulation, thereby intensifying the potency of cancer immunotherapy.
Comparative Seasonal Trends and Potential Health Impacts of Arsenic and Chromium in Surface Water after Adsorption Using Highly Dispersed Fe3O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Munonde Tshimangadzo S. , Selahle Shirley K.
Published: November 2024

Surface water from springs, rivers, and dams is often used as an unconventional drinking water source in rural areas where potable water is often unavailable. However, this practice carries significant health risks due to potential contaminants. In this study, the concentrations of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) were assessed seasonally using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). Highly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized, characterized, and utilized as adsorbents to remove As and Cr ions from various water matrices. The removal process was optimized by adjusting the mass of the nanoparticles, pH levels, and sonication time. To further understand the adsorption process, adsorption isotherms and kinetics were conducted. Physicochemical properties such as pH, electrical conductivity, and total dissolved solids were seasonally evaluated. The average As concentrations were in the range of 13.3–46.8 µg/L, while Cr was in the range of 1.02–5.04 µg/L. Expectedly, higher concentrations of As and Cr were observed in summer when there was intense precipitation, and the lowest concentrations were observed in winter, with little to no precipitation. The calibrated GFAAS displayed an excellent limit of detection, limit of quantification, and linearity of 0.092–0.13, 0.27–0.34, and 0.27–70 µg/L for As, while 0.031–0.07, 0.16–0.21, and 0.16–70 µg/L were attained for Cr, respectively. Arsenic levels exceeded 10 µg/L in all seasons, indicating that these concentrations were above the maximum permitted levels set by the World Health Organization and the South African National Standards. According to the health risk assessment, high As concentrations were alarming, as they were seasonally increasing, with the chronic daily intake exceeding the oral reference dose, whilst the incremental lifetime cancer risk was significantly high.
Smart pH‐responsive visual hydrophobic‐hydrophilic flexible switch based on branched polymer microcapsules
Authors: Jia Jiru , Chen Jie , Wang Wei , Ma Wei , Yang Ya
Published: November 2024

The integration of hydrophilic‐hydrophobic switching and color‐changing functionalities into textile materials creates a synergistic effect, meeting the demands of complex application environments. This paper presents an innovative and cost‐effective approach to generating a proton‐driven smart textile with dual‐functionality, capable of switchable wettability and color modulation, by combining pH‐responsive branched polymer microcapsules (PRBMs) with conventional textile materials. The prepared PRBMs are spherical with a rough surface, exhibiting dynamic swelling (diameter of 110 nm) in acidic aqueous solutions and reversible contraction (diameter of 70 nm) in neutral or alkaline aqueous solutions. Depositing PRBMs onto polyester fabric imparts pH‐responsive wettability to the fabric surface. As a result, the fabric displays hydrophobic in neutral or alkaline aqueous solutions (pH 7), exhibiting a contact angle greater than 140°, and becomes superhydrophilic when exposed to acidic aqueous solutions (pH 3), with a contact angle of 25° within 120 s. Notably, the fabric also undergoes significant reversible color changes under different pH levels while maintaining good water vapor permeability and breathability, suitable for the pH range of human skin. This one‐step strategy achieves a flexible, visible hydrophobic‐hydrophilic switch, marking a significant advancement in the field of smart textiles and promoting their further development.
Design and synthesis of pyridazin‐4‐one derivatives as necroptosis inhibitors
Authors: An Yuxiang , Peng Xia , Wang Tianchen , Liu Kaiyuan , Feng Dazhi , Fang Chen , Zhou Xuan , Geng Meiyu , Duan Wenhu , Ai Jing , Zhang Hefeng
Published: November 2024

Necroptosis is a regulated inflammatory cell death process that is closely associated with autoimmune diseases, acute ischemic injuries, neurodegenerative disorders, and so on. Due to the crucial role of receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) in the necroptosis pathway, RIPK1 inhibitors are believed to have great potential in the treatment of necroptosis‐related diseases. In this article, we reported a series of pyridazin‐4‐one derivatives as potent necroptosis inhibitors for both human and mouse cells. The representative compound 13 exhibited favorable RIPK1 selectivity and dose‐dependently inhibited RIPK1 phosphorylation. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study indicated that compound 13 was an orally available candidate. Finally, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the binding pattern of compound 13 with RIPK1. Collectively, compound 13 represents a promising lead compound for the future development of RIPK1‐targeted necroptosis inhibitors.
Concanavalin A–activated magnetic nanoparticles as an affine material for urinary exosome isolation
Authors: Krasitskaya Vasilisa V. , Drandrova Kristina A. , Tyumentseva Anna V. , Vazhenina Irina G. , Lukyanenko Anna V. , Stolyar Sergey V. , Frank Ludmila A.
Published: November 2024

Exosomes are a type of membrane vesicle secreted into the extracellular medium by most cell types. They have a great potential for clinical practice as noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases, prognosis, and monitoring of therapy, which stimulates the development of simple methods for isolating exosomes from biological fluids. A novel affine material based on aminosilanized superparamagnetic core‒shell nanoparticles for fast isolation of urinary exosomes is reported. Iron oxide nanoparticles coated with amino organosilane have been synthesized. The structural and magnetic characteristics of the resulting nanoparticles have been studied by transmission electron microscopy and ferromagnetic resonance. The surface of the synthesized nanoparticles has been chemically functionalized with lectin (concanavalin A), and the efficiency of the obtained material as a sorbent for affine exosome isolation from human urine has been demonstrated. A highly purified fraction of exosomes 90–200 nm in size has been obtained. The exosomal nature of the isolated vesicles has been confirmed by bioluminescent solid‐phase microassay of tetrasporine receptor markers. The presence of exosomal miR‐21 in the isolated human urine exosome samples has been established.
EEG Spectral Power Changes in Patients With Dysexecutive Syndrome Following Cognitive Intervention
Authors: Lebely Claire , Lepron Evelyne , Bigarre Ines , Hamery Caroline , De Boissezon Xavier , Scannella Sebastien
Published: November 2024

Background

Acquired brain injury (ABI) leads to cognitive deficiencies, alteration of brain activity associated with an increase in slow‐wave (delta and theta bands) power, and reduced fast‐wave (alpha, beta, and gamma bands) power. To compensate for the cognitive deficits that impact autonomy and quality of life, patients in a chronic phase can benefit from cognitive intervention.

Objective

This study explores the effects of cognitive intervention on brain activity, measured by electroencephalography (EEG), and on executive functioning, assessed by the Test of Attentional Performance (TAP) battery.

Method

We provided an ecological rehabilitation intervention, simulating real‐life tasks adapted for patients with chronic cognitive disorders. A single‐case experimental design (SCED) assessed patients' performance in terms of correct responses percentage (CRs) and reaction times (RTs), and EEG spectral powers before and 1 month after the intervention. The TAP tasks included working memory (WM), divided attention (DA), inhibition (GO), and flexibility (FL). EEG frequency powers were also measured during resting states.

Results

One month after the intervention, significant improvements were observed in CRs and RTs for the FL task. Increases in all frequency band powers occurred during FL, WM, and DA tasks, except for alpha bands in DA. In the GO task, delta and gamma power also increased after the intervention. No significant changes were found during resting‐state EEG. The results of this open study, without a control group, are preliminary.

Conclusion

The effects of the therapy are mostly reflected by changes in mental FL performance and altered EEG patterns during cognitive tasks, particularly in slow and fast‐frequency bands. We argue that cognitive intervention could amplify the compensatory mechanisms following brain damage and/or ease restoration mechanisms in the fast‐frequency activity bands. Further SCEDs or studies with control groups are needed to confirm these findings and the role of EEG biomarkers in rehabilitation.
Detailed Analysis of the Palmomental Reflex and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Ma Benxu , Zhang Jianying , Cui Yanlei , Gao Huanmin
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This comprehensive review thoroughly explores the clinical significance of the palmomental reflex (PMR) in neurological disorders. PMR is a primitive reflex that, when reemerging in adults, indicates underlying neurological dysfunction.

Method

The article elaborates on the clinical assessment techniques, neurophysiological basis, and applications of PMR in various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disorders, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis.

Finding

By understanding the modulation and suppression mechanisms of PMR, valuable insights into the specific neurological impairments associated with these disorders can be gained.

Conclusion

The potential of PMR as a diagnostic marker, prognostic indicator, and treatment monitoring tool is increasingly evident.
University and college counselling services in Scotland: One‐on‐one counselling amid the student mental health crisis
Authors: Feeny Annabella , dos Santos Sousa Fabienne , Wessel Pierre Musa Halime
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Scotland is facing a student mental health crisis. With 60% of university students and 54% of college students reporting moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of depression in recent research (Maguire & Cameron, 2022; Maguire et al., 2022), Scottish university and college counselling services have emerged as an indispensable source of support for students. Although counselling services may be involved in many activities, one of their primary functions is to provide one‐on‐one counselling to students experiencing mental health difficulties.

Objective

This study aimed to provide a better understanding of the challenges facing Scottish university and college counselling services in providing effective and accessible one‐on‐one counselling.

Methods

We filed Freedom of Information requests to all 27 registered colleges and 19 Scottish universities to request quantitative data on their counselling services.

Results and Discussion

We identified three key challenges facing university and college counselling services. First, we demonstrate that demand for college and university counselling services has rapidly increased over the past decade, resulting in longer waiting times for one‐on‐one counselling at several institutions. Second, we demonstrate that male students and first‐year students are underrepresented in counselling, which may reflect structural barriers in accessing counselling support. Lastly, we found that even though most university and college counselling services are not designed to offer long‐term counselling support for ‘at‐risk students’, few institutions have set up external referral pathways into community mental health teams. The college and university sector must address these challenges to ensure equitable access for effective counselling support for all students.
Counsellor considerations for providing helpful therapy practices for clients living with low income
Authors: Rego Skylar , Lengyell Marguerite , Finnigan Charlotte , Jay Melissa , Brown Jason
Published: November 2024

Background

Individuals with low income frequently face unique challenges and stressors that heighten their need for mental health support. However, research on the most effective interventions for enhancing services for this population is limited. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring counsellors' perspectives on what has been helpful when working with low‐income populations.

Methods

Counsellors were invited to share their personal and professional experiences through interviews, responding to the question, ‘What have you found to be the most helpful aspects of counselling with clients facing low income?’. Counsellors were also invited to complete a sorting task using the interview responses.

Results

The sorted responses were analysed using Group Concept Mapping, identifying six key concepts: accessibility to counselling services, providing advocacy and resources, addressing basic needs, therapeutic approaches, therapeutic relationship, and understanding barriers.

Conclusion

These results were contextualised within the existing literature, and recommendations were offered for counselling practices and future research.