bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Todeswünsche bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit
fortgeschrittener Krebserkrankung: Eine explorative Analyse
psychotherapeutischer Gespräche
Authors: Elliesen Ruth , Glaesmer Heide , Koranyi Susan , Mehnert-Theuerkauf Anja
Published: July 2021

Todeswünsche bei Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung
sind bereits seit längerem Gegenstand der psychoonkologischen Forschung.
Auch wenn es inzwischen einige Ansätze gibt, die sich mit der
Konzeptualisierung und Beschreibung von Todeswünschen befassen, fehlt es
bislang an einem in der klinischen Praxis gut anwendbaren Konzept und
dazugehörigen Erhebungsinstrumenten. Ziel der Studie ist deshalb die
phänomenologische Beschreibung von Todeswünschen bei Patienten
mit fortgeschrittenem Krebs. Dafür wurden N=228 transkribierte
Psychotherapiegespräche von 76 Patienten im Rahmen der
randomisiert-kontrollierten Psychotherapiestudie Managing Cancer and Living
Meaningfully (CALM) hinsichtlich des Themas Todeswunsch explorativ
analysiert. Von den untersuchten 76 Patienten berichteten 16 (21%)
explizit von Todeswünschen. Mithilfe ihrer Beschreibungen konnten zwei
Dimensionen identifiziert werden: (1) Gründe für
Todeswünsche mit sieben Unterkategorien (Vermeidung von Schmerz und
Leid, Kontrolle und Selbstbestimmung erhalten, körperlicher Abbau und
Begrenzungen im Alltag, Angst vor Siechtum, Leben nicht mehr lebenswert,
Gefühl der Lebensvollendung und alles getan zu haben, fehlende
Zukunftsperspektiven) sowie (2) der Grad des mit dem Todeswunsch verbundenen
Handlungsdrucks. Die Ergebnisse stimmen mit existierenden Theorien zu
Todeswünschen bei Patienten mit einer fortgeschrittenen Krebserkrankung
größtenteils überein. Als zusammengehörige
Dimensionen des Phänomens Todeswunsch wurden sie jedoch bisher noch
nicht beschrieben. Vor allem für die klinische Praxis scheint dies sehr
sinnvoll zu sein, da die Gründe in der Therapie
größtenteils bearbeitbar sein dürften und der Grad des
Handlungsdrucks Aufschluss über die Notwendigkeit einer Intervention
geben kann.
Sleep Disorders in Pregnancy, Influencing Factors and Quality of
Life
Authors: Kadıoğlu Nezaket , Sert Umit Yasemin , Sariaslan Seval Gundogdu , Mursel Konul , Celen Sevki
Published: July 2021

Aim In our study, the frequency of sleep disturbances in pregnancy, the
reasons underlying the low quality of sleep, clinical factors, and the effects
on quality of life were investigated.

Methods The study was planned as a prospective study and included 189
pregnant women. Clinical features, laboratory results, socio-demographic status,
obstetric and medical anamnesis were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality
Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire, Beck Depression
Inventory, SF-36 quality-of-life questionnaire, and restless leg syndrome (RLS)
diagnosis criteria were used for data collection.

Results We investigated sleep disorders in 110 pregnant women
(58.2%). A history of premenstrual syndrome and patients with
hyperemesis gravidarum, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, Vitamin B12
deficiency, and higher TSH levels in the laboratory were found to be associated
with sleep disorders. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness were associated
with depression, physical and social functioning, pain, and disturbance in
general health perception. The number of pregnant women who had two or more RLS
complaints was 84 (44%).

Conclusion The results of our study show that sleep disorders in pregnancy
can be managed with easily applicable methods according to the risk factors and
related problems.
Reading Skills in Down Syndrome: Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Loveall Susan J. , Barton-Hulsey Andrea
Published: July 2021

Though children with Down syndrome can learn to read, they may have difficulty developing some component skills, including phonological awareness and word decoding. Given reading's foundation in language, speech-language pathologists (SLPs) should play a central role in supporting access to and providing reading instruction for children with Down syndrome. This article reviews the available research on reading in Down syndrome and offers guidance for SLPs working with this population. We start by reviewing the Down syndrome phenotype, highlighting physical features and cognitive and linguistic patterns of strength and weakness that impact reading development. Next, we define different reading subskills and outline typical reading development, including stages of prereading, learning to read, and transitioning to using reading as a tool for learning. We then use these stages to review what is known about reading in Down syndrome, including relevant intervention work. We also incorporate considerations for clinical practice. In particular, we encourage SLPs to advocate for supporting reading development in children with Down syndrome, to work with families to develop rich home literacy environments, and to work with educators to promote phonological awareness and decoding skills. Lastly, we note limitations in our current knowledge and include a call for more research.
Treatment with Buttress Plate Technique for Symptomatic Ulnar Styloid Base Nonunion
Authors: Kümbüloğlu Ömer Faruk , Cam Necmi , Özdemir Hacı Mustafa
Published: July 2021

Background Surgical treatment options for symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion can be divided into two groups: styloid excision and styloid fixation methods. Styloid fixation is commonly performed using tension band wiring or distal ulna hook plate. However, these methods are more suitable for large styloids than small ones. For this reason, fixation of small styloids still remains a problem.

Purpose To present the surgical details and results of patients operated using the buttress plate technique, due to the symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion.

Patients and Methods In this study, 11 patients who underwent surgery for symptomatic ulnar styloid base nonunion using buttress plate technique were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were evaluated with the help of forearm and wrist range of motion, grip strength, disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score and visual analogue pain score.

Results The mean follow-up period was 15 months (range: 13–21 months). Union was achieved in 10 patients. At the final follow-up, the forearm supination and pronation active range of motions were significantly higher than those in the preoperative period, the visual analogue pain score mean value was 0.7 (range: 0–5), and the DASH score mean value was 7 (range: 1–32).

Conclusion We conclude that good results can be achieved with the buttress plate technique in patients with both large and small fragmented ulnar styloid base nonunions and no distal radioulnar joint instability.

Level of Evidence This is a Level IV, therapeutic study.
Precise, subnanosecond, and high-voltage switching enabled by gallium nitride electronics integrated into complex loads
Authors: Simonaitis John W. , Slayton Benjamin , Yang-Keathley Yugu , Keathley Phillip D. , Berggren Karl K.
Published: July 2021

In this work, we report the use of commercial gallium nitride (GaN) power electronics to precisely switch complex distributed loads, such as electron lenses and deflectors. This was accomplished by taking advantage of the small form-factor, low-power dissipation, and high temperature compatibility of GaN field effect transistors (GaNFETs) to integrate pulsers directly into the loads to be switched, even under vacuum. This integration reduces parasitics to allow for faster switching and removes the requirement to impedance match the load to a transmission line by allowing for a lumped element approximation of the load even with subnanosecond switching. Depending on the chosen GaNFET and driver, these GaN pulsers are capable of generating pulses ranging from 100 to 650 V and 5 to 60 A in 0.25–8 ns using simple designs with easy control, few-nanosecond propagation delays, and MHz repetition rates. We experimentally demonstrate a simple 250 ps, 100 V pulser measured by using a directly coupled 2 GHz oscilloscope. By introducing resistive dampening, we can eliminate ringing to allow for precise 100 V transitions that complete a −10 to −90 V transition in 1.5 ns, limited primarily by the inductance of the oscilloscope measurement path. The performance of the pulser attached to various load structures is simulated, demonstrating the possibility of even faster switching of internal fields in these loads. We test these circuits under vacuum and up to 120 °C to demonstrate their flexibility. We expect these GaN pulsers to have broad application in fields such as optics, nuclear sciences, charged particle optics, and atomic physics that require nanosecond, high-voltage transitions.
Constructing tensor network influence functionals for general quantum dynamics
Authors: Ye Erika , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic
Published: July 2021

We describe an iterative formalism to compute influence functionals that describe the general quantum dynamics of a subsystem beyond the assumption of linear coupling to a quadratic bath. We use a space-time tensor network representation of the influence functional and investigate its approximability in terms of its bond dimension and time-like entanglement in the tensor network description. We study two numerical models, the spin-boson model and a model of interacting hard-core bosons in a 1D harmonic trap. We find that the influence functional and the intermediates involved in its construction can be efficiently approximated by low bond dimension tensor networks in certain dynamical regimes, which allows the quantum dynamics to be accurately computed for longer times than with direct time evolution methods. However, as one iteratively integrates out the bath, the correlations in the influence functional can first increase before decreasing, indicating that the final compressibility of the influence functional is achieved via non-trivial cancellation.
Femtosecond dynamics and coherence of ionic retro-Diels–Alder reactions
Authors: Li Shuai , Jochim Bethany , Jackson James E. , Dantus Marcos
Published: July 2021

Ultrafast tunnel ionization enables femtosecond time-resolved dynamic measurements of the retro-Diels–Alder reactions of positively charged cyclohexene, norbornene, and dicyclopentadiene. Unlike the reaction times of 500–600 ps that are observed following UV excitation of neutral species, on the ionic potential energy surfaces, these reactions occur on a single picosecond timescale and, in some cases, exhibit vibrational coherence. In the case of norbornene, a 270 cm−1 vibrational mode is found to modulate the retro-Diels–Alder reaction.
Mode spectrum characteristics and onset of the low-shear MHD stability regime
Authors: Wright A. M. , Ferraro N. M.
Published: July 2021

Equilibria with extended regions of weak magnetic shear, including some tokamak scenarios and stellarators, can be susceptible to pressure-driven internal MHD instabilities even though there is no mode rational surface in the plasma. Nonresonant modes, in particular, can have properties that are unattractive for confinement, including displacing substantial volumes of the plasma and leading to more efficient pressure gradient flattening in the nonlinear regime. The onset and linear properties of the low shear stability regime are examined using the initial-value, extended-MHD code M3D-C1. For monotonic q-profiles, we demonstrate a clear correlation between the convergents associated with the continued fraction representation of q0 and the spectrum of unstable modes. Nonresonant modes are observed to be destabilized preferentially to any other resonant instability with the same toroidal mode number when n > 1. Using the observed connection between the spectrum associated with q0 and the overall equilibrium stability properties, we suggest a technique for reducing the uncertainty on both q0 and magnetic shear in the core region, obtained either via measurement or through the analysis and reconstruction of experimental results.
Edge premelting of two-dimensional ices
Authors: Qiu Hu , Zhao Wen , Zhou Wanqi , Guo Wanlin
Published: July 2021

The surface of a three-dimensional ice crystal naturally has a quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at temperatures below its bulk melting point, due to a phenomenon called surface premelting. Here, we show that the edges of a two-dimensional (2D) bilayer hexagonal ice adsorbed on solid surfaces undergo premelting as well, resulting in the formation of quasi-liquid bands (QLBs) at the edges. Our extensive molecular dynamics simulations show that the QLB exhibits structure and dynamics indistinguishable from the bilayer liquid phase, acting as a lower-dimensional analog of the QLL on the bulk ice. We further find that at low temperatures, the width of the QLBs at armchair-type edges of the 2D ice is almost identical to that at zigzag-type edges but becomes far greater than the latter at temperatures near the melting point. The chirality-dependent edge premelting of 2D ices should add an important new ingredient to the heterogeneity of premelting.
Remote triggering of air-gap discharge by a femtosecond laser filament and postfilament at distances up to 80 m
Authors: Kosareva O. G. , Mokrousova D. V. , Panov N. A. , Nikolaeva I. A. , Shipilo D. E. , Mitina E. V. , Koribut A. V. , Rizaev G. E. , Couairon A. , Houard A. , Savel'ev A. B. , Seleznev L. V. , Ionin A. A. , Chin S. L.
Published: July 2021

We experimentally observed laser-induced remote high-voltage discharge triggering between two needle electrodes with half-a-cm spacing. The discharge was initiated by a 744-nm, 90-fs, 6-mJ laser pulse undergoing filamentation in air. For the direct voltage below the self-breakdown threshold, triggering of air-gap discharge was synchronized with a 10-Hz laser repetition rate and occurred between 40 and 80 m of the propagation path. No discharge guiding was observed. The experimentally registered and simulated remote triggering probability was above 80% in the range of 45–60 m from laser output and about 50% in the range of 60–80 m. The probability decreases as the postfilament hot spot diverges with a simultaneous increase in stochastic laser beam wandering.
Novel modeling approach for fiber breakage during molding of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Bechara Abrahan , Goris Sebastian , Yanev Angel , Brands Dave , Osswald Tim
Published: July 2021

Long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs) are an attractive design option for many engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and processability. When processing these materials, the length of the fibers inevitably decreases, which ultimately affects the mechanical performance of the finished part. Since none of the existing modeling techniques can accurately predict fiber damage of LFTs during injection molding, a new phenomenological approach for modeling fiber attrition is presented. First, multiple controlled studies employing a Couette rheometer are performed to determine correlations between processing conditions, material properties, and fiber length reduction. The results show shear stress and fiber concentration impact fiber damage. Based on these findings, a phenomenological model to predict breaking rate and unbreakable length of a fiber under giving conditions is developed. The model is based on the beam theory with distributed hydrodynamic stresses acting on a fiber. Fiber–fiber interactions are accounted for and correlated with the fiber volume fraction via a fitting parameter. The model tracks both the number-average and weight-average fiber length during processing, which can in turn be used to extract the fiber length distribution.
A framework for localizing global climate solutions and their carbon reduction potential
Authors: Brown Marilyn A. , Dwivedi Puneet , Mani Sudhagar , Matisoff Daniel , Mohan Jacqueline E. , Mullen Jeffrey , Oxman Michael , Rodgers Michael , Simmons Richard , Beasley Blair , Polepeddi Lalith
Published: July 2021

Significance

Only 22 states in the United States have climate action plans, and of these, only six consider carbon mitigation, negative emissions, and equity issues. In the absence of robust federal or state policy action, there is a need for subnational carbon abatement planning. However, many of the most robust frameworks for carbon abatement are at a global or national scale. We provide a framework for localizing an existing global roadmap of climate solutions for Georgia, a state located in the southeastern United States. We thereby provide a replicable model that documents how subnational actors can evaluate high-potential emission reduction and carbon removal solutions while considering systems of solutions and taking into account social, ecological, and technological issues and priorities.
Tracking the transition to agriculture in Southern Europe through ancient DNA analysis of dental calculus
Authors: Ottoni Claudio , Borić Dušan , Cheronet Olivia , Sparacello Vitale , Dori Irene , Coppa Alfredo , Antonović Dragana , Vujević Dario , Price T. Douglas , Pinhasi Ron , Cristiani Emanuela
Published: July 2021

Significance

The oral microbial community living in symbiosis with humans is a rich and diverse driver of health and disease that is strongly influenced by our ecology and lifestyle. However, its evolution across human prehistory remains elusive. By analyzing the DNA entrapped in archaeological dental calculus, we characterize the oral microbiomes of 44 prehistoric foragers and farmers from Southern Europe. We demonstrate that the genome of an oral bacteria diversified geographically and recorded one of the most dramatic changes in our biological and cultural history, the spread of farming. The transition to agriculture did not alter significantly the oral microbiome of ancient humans, whereas more significant changes occurred later in history, including the development of peculiar antibiotic resistance pathways.
Estimating SARS-CoV-2 infections from deaths, confirmed cases, tests, and random surveys
Authors: Irons Nicholas J. , Raftery Adrian E.
Published: July 2021

Significance

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has infected over 33 million people in the United States. Nationwide, over 600,000 have died in the COVID-19 pandemic, which has necessitated shutdowns of schools and sectors of the economy. The extent of the virus’ spread remains uncertain due to biases in test data. We combine multiple data sources to estimate the true number of infections in all US states. These data include representative random testing surveys from Indiana and Ohio, which provide potentially unbiased prevalence estimates. We find that approximately 60% of infections have gone unreported. Even so, only about 20% of the United States had been infected as of early March 2021, suggesting that the country was far from herd immunity at that point.
Multicomponent nature underlies the extraordinary mechanical properties of spider dragline silk
Authors: Kono Nobuaki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Mori Masaru , Yoshida Yuki , Ohtoshi Rintaro , Malay Ali D. , Pedrazzoli Moran Daniel A. , Tomita Masaru , Numata Keiji , Arakawa Kazuharu
Published: July 2021

Significance

Artificial synthesis of spider silk has been actively pursued. However, until now, the natural mechanical properties of spider silk have been largely unreproducible. We thoroughly investigated the genomes and transcripts of four related species of orb-weaver spiders as well as the proteins in their silk threads. Then, in addition to spidroin, we found several low-molecular-weight proteins in common. Interestingly, the low-molecular-weight protein component of spider dragline silk doubled the tensile strength of artificial silk–based material. This discovery will greatly advance the industry and research on the use of protein-based materials.
Phytophthora citrophthora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Waterhouse G. M. , Waterston J. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Phytophthora citrophthora
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Citrus
spp. and many other hosts represented by the following families:
Aceraceae, Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Juglandaceae, Lauraceae, Leguminosae, Pinaceae, Rosaceae, Rutaceae, Solanaceae, Sterculiaceae
and
Ulmaceae
. Also pathogenic on inoculation to hosts in the above and following additional families:
Fagaceae, Myrtaceae
and
Oleaceae
(10: 98, 569; 17: 253). Some records may be mis-identifications. DISEASES: Causing brown fruit rot, leaf and shoot blight, trunk gummosis, collar and root rot of citrus; trunk and crown canker of apple, pear. peach, plum and other woody Rosaceae, and avocado, honey-locust and walnut; and 'damping-off' of a large variety of nursery seedlings including citrus, tomato and conifers (30: 433). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Congo, Egypt, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Northern Rhodesia, South Africa, Southern Rhodesia, Tunisia); Asia (China,? India, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Malaya, Philippines, Thailand, Turkey); Australasia (Australia, Cook Is., Hawaii, New Caledonia, New Zealand); Europe (Cyprus, France, Italy, Spain); Central America (Cuba, El Salvador, Jamaica, Puerto Rico); North America (Mexico, United States); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay). (CMI Map 35, Ed. 3) TRANSMISSION: Occurs in soil to a depth of 1 m or more (1: 212) and is disseminated by rain splash from soil to low hanging fruit and foliage (20: 300; 31: 604). Also present throughout the year in California in reservoirs and irrigation canals supplying citrus groves (39: 24). The testas of seed from infected citric fruit can carry the pathogen to new seed beds and on transplanting to the nursery. Balled trees from such nurseries constitute an important source of infection on clean land in California (37: 165).
Uromyces striatus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Waterston J. M.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Uromyces striatus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on
Euphorbia
, uredia and telia on
Medicago
and
Trifolium
species. DISEASE: Rust on leaves of lucerne and sweet clover, causing defoliation and reduction in nutritive value as fodder as well as impairment of capacity to enrich soil with nitrogen (16: 754). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide where lucerne is grown (CMI Map 342, 1957). TRANSMISSION: Evidence-for the introduction into Ontario (Canada) from Europe on rhizomes of
Euphorbia cyparissias
around 1870, or on lucerne fodder, has been given by Parmelee (1962). The extensive spread and severity of lucerne rust in the German S.S.R. of the Volga has been attributed to an abundance of highly susceptible spocies of
Euphorbia
(18: 397). Urediospores from lucerne have been found to overwinter successfully, retaining virulence as well as viability for 6 months (4: 122).
Sclerospora philippinensis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Holliday P.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Sclerospora philippinensis
[Peronosclerospora philippinensis]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Zea mays
. DISEASE: Philippine downy mildew of maize or sleepy disease, the latter name has also been used for the disease caused by
Sclerospora maydis
(Racib.) Butler (Java downy mildew) on the same host. There was originally some confusion over the identity of these two fungi (11, 283; 15, 794).
Sclerospora maydis
has smaller conidia (usually 18 × 23 μm) and the oogonia are unknown.
Sclerospora philippinensis
infects spp. of
Euchlaena, Saccharum
and
Sorghum
. This pathogen has been compared with
S. sacchari
(CMI Descript. No. 453) which also attacks maize and has larger oogonia (36, 241; 49, 693, 1360). The symptoms of chlorotic streaking may be present from the seedling stage to tassel and silk formation. The yellowish areas become necrotic. Abnormalities in vegetative growth are caused by infection; abortive development of the ear and partial or complete sterility occur (2, 359; 9, 319; 48, 1665). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, Indonesia, Philippines and probably Nepal. TRANSMISSION: Conidia deciduous and air dispersed; presumably also by oogonia.
Saccharum spontaneum
, a perennial grass, is considered to be an inoculum course for infection of maize (36, 241; 53, 2159).
Cylindrocarpon didymum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brayford D.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cylindrocarpon didymum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: A wide range including
Asparagus, Chamaecyparis, Dianthus, Fragaria, Fraxinus, Gossipium, Juniperus
,
Lycopersicon, Malus, Musa, Phaseolus, Pinus, Piper, Rhizophora, Rhododendron, Rubus, Saintpaulia, Solanum
,
Theabroma, Trifolium, Viola
, seeds, soil. DISEASE: Root rots, seedling blights. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt, Ghana; Asia: India, Malaysia, Pakistan; Australasia: Australia, New Zealand; Europe: France, Germany, Great Britain, Sweden, USSR; North America: Canada, Dominica, USA (Florida), West Indies. TRANSMISSION: Soil borne; slimy spores are probably spread by water.
Burkholderia glumae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Saddler G. S.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Burkholderia glumae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Oryza sativa. Andropogon virginicus, Arundinella hirta, Beckmannia syzigachne, Chloris gayana, Coix lacryma-jobi, Eleusine coracana, E. indica, Eragrotis curvula, E. multicaulis, Lolium multiflorum, Panicum coloratum, P. dichotomiflorum, P. maximum, Paspalum distichum, P. dilatatum, Pennisetum alopecuroides, Phleum pratense, Phragmites communis
and
Setaria viridis
var.
minor
have all been recognised as new hosts (68, 4324). DISEASE: Bacterial grain and seedling rot of rice. The grains rot in the pannicles after 'heading'. Severely diseased pannicles may form infection foci for disease dissemination (Tsushima & Naito, 1991). The bacteria are thought to enter through the stoma on the inner surface of the rice husk and then multiply in the intercellular space of parenchyma (69, 1652). There is some evidence to suggest that degradative enzymes (72, 6749) and toxin production may also have a role in phytopathogenicity (69, 2349). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka (69, 4949), China, Japan, Taiwan (63, 3360), Colombia (70, 2670), Latin America in general (69, 1080; 70, 827). TRANSMISSION: Latent infection of rice seeds (70, 7648).
Cercospora cichorii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , David J. C.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Cercospora cichorii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Leaf spot of chicory. HOSTS:
Cichorium endivia, C. intybus
(
Compositae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: AFRICA: Madagascar, South Africa (DOIDGE, 1950), Sudan, Zambia. NORTH AMERICA: Bermuda, USA (Michigan, New York, South Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin). SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina. ASIA: Azerbaijan, Republic of Georgia, India, Pakistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. EUROPE: Greece (52: 2856), Romania (66: 4701), Russia, Ukraine. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.
Pseudomassaria chondrospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Cannon P. F. , Minter D. W.
Published: July 2021

A description is provided for
Pseudomassaria chondrospora
. This species has been recorded from the following habitats: amenity and protected areas (botanical garden, cemetery), urban areas, woodland (deciduous woodland, scrub). Some information on its dispersal and transmission, associated organisms, and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution: Asia: Georgia and Turkey, Europe: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Spain, Sweden and UK, North America: USA (Georgia and Virginia). No reports of negative economic impacts have been found.
Fomes fomentarius
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Fomes fomentarius
(L.) Kickx Fungi: Basidiomycota: Polyporales Hosts: Various broad-leaved trees including beech (
Fagus sylvatica
), birch (
Betula spp
.), cherry (
Prunus spp
.), poplar (
Populus spp
.) and oak (
Quercus spp
.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Austria, Belarus, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Southern Russia, Western Siberia, Slovakia, Sweden, UK, Ukraine, Yugoslavia (Fed. Rep.) ASIA, China, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Iran, Japan, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, AFRICA, Algeria, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, USA, Alabama, Alaska, California, Idaho, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin.
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sweet potato feathery mottle virus
Viruses: Potyviridae: Potyvirus Hosts: Sweet potato (
Ipomoea batatas
) and other Ipomoea spp. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, China, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Israel, Japan, Kyushu, Ryukyu Archipelago, Korea Republic, Taiwan, AFRICA, Kenya, Madagascar, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Ontario, USA, California, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Goias, Pemambuco, Rio Grande do Sul, Peru, Venezuela, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Tonga.
Blumeria graminis
[Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Blumeria graminis
(DC.) Speer Fungi: Ascomycota: Erysiphales Hosts: Poaceae, commonly wheat (
Triticum aestivum
), barley (
Hordeum vulgare
), oats (
Avena sativa
) and rye (
Secale cereale
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in EUROPE, Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malta, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Central Russia Russia, Eastern, Russian Far East, Northern Russia, Southern Russia, Western Siberia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, Ukraine, ASIA, Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei, Menggu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Republic of Georgia, India, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Taiwan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Yemen, AFRICA, Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Morocco, Mozambique, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, NORTH AMERICA, Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest, Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Yukon, Greenland, Mexico, USA, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode, Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wyoming, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina, Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand.
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus. Potyviridae: Potyvirus. Hosts: Cowpea (
Vigna unguiculata
), sesame (
Sesamum indicum
), bambara groundnut (
Voandzeia subterranea
[
Vigna subterranea
]), soyabean (
Glycine max
), yam bean (
Pachyrhizus erosus
), pea (
Pisum sativum
) and mung bean (
Vigna radiata
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands), Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, China, Jiangsu, Xinjiang, India, Delhi, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Indonesia, Java, Iran, Iraq, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey), Africa (Botswana, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Egypt, Ghana, Guinea, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe), North America (USA, Georgia, Texas), South America (Brazil, Ceara, Paraiba, Pernambuco, Sao Paulo, Sergipe), Oceania (Australia, Queensland, Papua New Guinea).
Tomato ringspot virus. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for Tomato ringspot virus. Comoviridae: Nepovirus. Hosts: various, including
Pelargonium, Rubus
and
Prunus
species. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Belarus; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus; Czech Republic; Denmark; Finland; France; Germany; Italy; Lithuania; Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Central Russia and Far East, Russia; Serbia; Slovakia; Slovenia; Sweden; and England and Wales, UK), Asia (Zhejiang, China; Himachal Pradesh, India; Iran; Israel; Hokkaido and Honshu, Japan; Jordan; Korea Republic; Oman; Pakistan; and Turkey), Africa (Egypt, Togo and Tunisia), North America (British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, Canada; Mexico; and Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming), Central America and Caribbean (Puerto Rico), South America (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Chile; Colombia; Peru; and Venezuela) and Oceania (South Australia, Fiji and New Zealand).
Erwinia amylovora
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Erwinia amylovora
(Burrill) Winslow. Gammaproteobacteria: Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae. Hosts: apple (
Malus domestica
), pear (
Pyrus
spp.) and some other species of Rosaceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Albania, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, mainland France, Germany, Greece, Crete, Hungary, Irish Republic, Italy, mainland Italy, Sicily, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Central Russia, Russian Far East, Southern Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, mainland Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, UK, England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Ukraine), Asia (Armenia, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Korea Republic, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey), Africa (Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming), Central America and Caribbean (Bermuda and Guatemala) and Oceania (Australia, Victoria and New Zealand).
Bactrocera dorsalis
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI/EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Bactrocera dorsalis
(Hendel). Diptera: Tephritidae. Hosts: polyphagous. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macau, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Indonesia, Java, Japan, Ryukyu Archipelago, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam), Africa (Mauritius), North America (USA, California, Hawaii), Oceania (French Polynesia, Guam, Nauru, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau).
Scyphophorus acupunctatus
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Scyphophorus acupunctatus
Gyllenhal. Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: numerous genera of Agavaceae and Dracaenaceae. Information is provided on the geographical distribution in Europe (Cyprus, France, Corsica, Italy, Sicily, Netherlands and Spain), Asia (Indonesia, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra and Saudi Arabia), Africa (Kenya, South Africa and Tanzania), North America (Mexico, USA, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas), Central America and Carribean (Belize, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela) and Oceania (Australia, Queensland).
Sternochetus mangiferae
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Sternochetus mangiferae
(Fabricius). Coleoptera: Curculionidae. Hosts: mango (
Mangifera indica
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh, India, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Manipur, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Yemen), Africa (Central African Republic, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Reunion, Seychelles, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia), North America (USA, Hawaii), Central America & Caribbean (Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St Lucia, St Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, United States Virgin Islands), South America (Chile, French Guiana), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, French Polynesia, Guam, New Caledonia, Northern Mariana Islands, Tonga, Wallis and Futuna Islands).
Megacopta cribraria
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Megacopta cribraria
(Fabricius). Hemiptera: Plataspidae. Hosts: soyabean (
Glycine max
) and other legumes, kudzu vine (
Pueraria montana
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Macau, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizhang, Yunnan, Zhejiang, India, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Japan, Korea Democratic People's Republic, Korea Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam), North America (USA, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Colombia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia), Oceania (New Caledonia).
Parlagena bennetti
. [Distribution map].
Authors: CABI  , EPPO
Published: July 2021

A new distribution map is provided for
Parlagena bennetti
Williams. Hemiptera: Diaspididae. Hosts: coconuts (
Cocos nucifera
), oil palm (
Elaeis guineensis
). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Central America and Caribbean (Honduras, Trinidad and Tobago), South America (Colombia, Venezuela).
Pulsed LED line light for large-scale PIV—development and use in wave load measurements
Authors: Bakker W , Hofland B , de Almeida E , Oldenziel G , J Overmars E F
Published: July 2021

In this paper the development of a high-power pulsed LED line light and its use to apply particle image velocimetry (PIV) during wave impact measurements are described. An electrical circuit that generates high-current pulses is designed and built, which is used to overdrive a number of commercially available LEDs. The limit for this overdrive-capacity is determined as function of pulse duration for various commercial available LEDs. Two systems of cylindrical convex lenses are designed to act as a collimator and reduce divergence of the LED bundle and the resulting light sheet properties (maximum light intensity and sheet thickness) are investigated. An array of LEDs of 60 cm length (referred to as the LED line light) is designed and manufactured. For the two lens systems, the LED line light provides proper light sheet conditions to illuminate measurement regions in the order of either 0.3 × 0.3 m2, or 1 × 1 m2, at a sufficiently constant light sheet thickness of 5 mm. The application of the LED line light is demonstrated by quantifying the instantaneous flow field of a wave impacting on a blunt object in a wave flume. PIV measurements are conducted at an acquisition rate of 25 frame pairs per second, quantifying maximum flow velocities in the order of 1.0 m s−1 at a LED pulse width of 200 μs. The system, consisting of the LED line light, a CMOS camera and open source PIV processing software provides the possibility to perform 2D planar PIV measurements for a fraction of the costs of a commercially available laser based PIV system.
Extremely flat band in antiferroelectric bilayer α-In2Se3 with large twist-angle
Authors: Li C F , Zhai W J , Li Y Q , Tang Y S , Zhang J H , Chen P Z , Zhou G Z , Cui X M , Lin L , Yan Z B , Huang X K , Jiang X P , Liu J-M
Published: July 2021

The moiré-pattern with slightly interlayer-twisted bilayer two-dimensional (2D) materials has recently been receiving substantial attention. One of the major characters for these intriguing structures is the appearance of low-energy ultra-flat bands and thus a package of new physics associated with strong electron correlation emerges. However, such new physics may become vague unless the twist-angle θ is sufficiently small such as θ ∼ 1°, making practical applications and control-flexibility hard to handle. In this work, we explore the possible flat-band moiré physics in recently concerned 2D bilayer α-In2Se3 which is antiferroelectric with sublayer out-of-plane (OP) polarizations, addressing the potential role of polarization-bound charges in modulation of electron–electron correlation and interlayer hybridization, based on the extensive first-principles calculations. On one hand, it is found that the low energy band becomes extremely flat in the bilayer α-In2Se3 moiré-pattern with relatively large twist-angle, e.g. θ = 13.17°, which is more easily accessible experimentally. On the other hand, the impact of the sublayer OP polarizations on the band structure is asymmetric, and the flattening effect is much more remarkable for the end-to-end polarization alignment but weaker for the head-to-head alignment. This work thus opens a broad roadmap for technological access to artificial fabrication of novel moiré-patterned 2D materials by means of low-dimensional ferroelectricity.
Fermentability of complete feed supplemented with different level of buffalo rumen contents as probiotic in balibul local sheep
Authors: Surono  , Sunarso  , Sepriyadi R.
Published: July 2021

The aim of the research was to study the effect of complete feed contained different level of buffalo rumen content as probiotic on feed fermentability of Balibul local sheep. Materials used in this study were 16 heads male local sheep under 5 months of age (Balibul), average body weight 11.58 + 0.77 kg. Experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD), consisting 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments used were T0 (complete feed without buffalo rumen content supplementation), T1 (complete feed supplemented with 5% buffalo rumen content), T2 (complete feed supplemented with 10% buffalo rumen content) and T3 (complete feed supplemented with 15% buffalo rumen content). Parameters observed were VFA, NH3 and total proten production. Collected data were tested statistically using analysis of variance at 95% confidence interval. Result of the research showed that complete feed supplemented with different level of buffalo rumen content had significant difference (P<0.05) on total VFA and total protein production, but no significant difference (P>0.05) on NH3 production. Total VFA production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 80.00; 112.50; 105.00 and 107.50 mM, respectively. NH3production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments were 5.35; 6.29; 5.76 and 6.47 mM, respectively. Total protein production of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 403.70; 471.44; 419.76 and 464.00 mg/g, respectively. It was concluded that 5% buffalo rumen content supplementation in complete feed resulting the best feed fermentability.
The effect of herbal drink on the levels of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein of broiler chicken
Authors: Setyaningrum Sri , Siregar Dini Julia Sari , Warisman
Published: July 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of herbal drinks from mixture extract of basil leaves, lime leaves and lemongrass leaves on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of broiler chickens. The research used 120 birds of DOC. The basal diet was formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg Metabolizable Energy (ME) and 22% crude protein (CP). Experimental design used was completely Randomized Designed with 6 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments were as follows: P0: control (without herbal drink), P1: basal diet + 10% herbal drink in drinking water, T2: basal diet + 20% herbal drink in drinking water, P3: basal diet + 30% herbal drink in drinking water, P4 : basal diet + 40% herbal drink in drinking water and P5 : basal diet + 50% herbal drink in drinking water. The parameters observed were HDL and LDL. The data were analyzed with analysis of variance and if any significant difference were analyzed Duncan’s multiple range tests. The result showed that the treatment of herbal drinks significantly (p <0.05) on the levels of HDL and LDL of broiler chickens. Conclusion of the research was herbal drinks from mixture extract of basil leaves, lime leaves and lemongrass leaves increase the level of HDL and decrease the level of LDL of broiler chickens.