bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Management of ticks and tick-borne diseases: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Elsheikha Hany
Published: March 2019

As time ‘ticks’ on, concerns over an increasingly warmer climate grow. Global temperature continues to rise, and there is no question that part of the consequence is going to be increasing prevalence and geographic distribution of local tick populations. Adding to this challenge is the increasing occurrence of exotic ticks and emerging tick-borne diseases (TBDs), which impose serious threats to public health, and to the health and welfare of pets and livestock. Animals suffering from TBDs may develop life-threatening conditions if early clinical signs are not recognised and treatment has not been promptly instituted. It is therefore important to maintain a high degree of suspicion for parasitic causes when examining pets from tick-endemic areas or after travel for clinical signs consistent with one of the TBDs. Veterinary nurses (VNs) need to have a working knowledge of the clinical presentation of TBDs, as well as the required diagnostic tests and basic principles of tick control and TBD management. Protective measures are crucial as there is no ‘magic bullet’ to control TBDs, and even most of the tick-borne infections that respond to treatment remain prevalent. This article emphasises the leading role that VNs can play in implementing an effective tick and TBD management programme.
An integrated microbiological and electrochemical approach to determine distributions of Fe metabolism in acid mine drainage-induced “iron mound” sediments
Authors: Leitholf Isabel M. , Fretz Chrystal E. , Mahanke Raymond , Santangelo Zachary , Senko John M.
Published: March 2019

Fe(III)-rich deposits referred to as “iron mounds” develop when Fe(II)-rich acid mine drainage (AMD) emerges at the terrestrial surface, and aeration of the fluids induces oxidation of Fe(II), with subsequent precipitation of Fe(III) phases. As Fe(III) phases accumulate in these systems, O2gradients may develop in the sediments and influence the distributions and extents of aerobic and anaerobic microbiological Fe metabolism, and in turn the solubility of Fe. To determine how intrusion of O2into iron mound sediments influences microbial community composition and Fe metabolism, we incubated samples of these sediments in a column format. O2was only supplied through the top of the columns, and microbiological, geochemical, and electrochemical changes at discrete depths were determined with time. Despite the development of dramatic gradients in dissolved Fe(II) concentrations, indicating Fe(II) oxidation in shallower portions and Fe(III) reduction in the deeper portions, microbial communities varied little with depth, suggesting the metabolic versatility of organisms in the sediments with respect to Fe metabolism. Additionally, the availability of O2in shallow portions of the sediments influenced Fe metabolism in deeper, O2-free sediments. Total potential (EH+ self-potential) measurements at discrete depths in the columns indicated that Fe transformations and electron transfer processes were occurring through the sediments and could explain the impact of O2on Fe metabolism past where it penetrates into the sediments. This work shows that O2availability (or lack of it) minimally influences microbial communities, but influences microbial activities beyond its penetration depth in AMD-derived Fe(III) rich sediments. Our results indicate that O2can modulate Fe redox state and solubility in larger volumes of iron mound sediments than only those directly exposed to O2.
Ruy Guerra’s Mueda, Memória e Massacre: The missing images
Authors: Schefer Raquel
Published: March 2019

Regarded as the first fictional feature film of independent Mozambique, although this categorization only describes it inadequately, Ruy Guerra’s Mueda, Memória e Massacre (‘Mueda, Memory and Massacre’) (1979/80) documents a Makonde collective re-enactment of the Mueda Massacre (1960). Exemplifying Mozambican Liberation Aesthetics, the film was censored, partially re-shot and re-edited. The altered version aims to respond to a historiographical apparatus seeking to organize and codify Mozambican history. The censorship, partial re-shooting and re-editing tried to adapt Mueda, Memória e Massacre to the official view of the Mueda Massacre and to the emerging film canon, revealing an authoritarian ‘modernist’ paradigm. The film’s missing images create an archaeology of FRELIMO’s political and cultural programme and show the contradictions between ideology and political praxis in the late 1970s.
Influence of some parameters on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, and Escherichia coli to form biofilms
Authors: Lezzoum-Atek Sara , Bouayad Leila , Hamdi Taha Mossadak
Published: March 2019

Aim: The present study was conducted to evaluate the capacity of Listeria monocytogenes (L.m), Listeria innocua (L.i), and Escherichia coli to form biofilms on polystyrene support under different parameters by performing crystal violet (CV) staining technique. Materials and Methods: Different suspensions were prepared with single strains and with multiple combinations of strains including two serogroups of L.m (IIa and IIb), L.i, and E. coli strains at different microbial load. Selected strains and combinations were grown in biofilms for 6 days attached to polystyrene microplates under aerobic and microaerophilic conditions. The evaluation of the power of adhesion and biofilm formation was determined by CV staining followed by the measurement of optical density at 24 h, 72 h, and 6 days incubation time with and without renewal of the culture medium. Results: All the strains tested, presented more or less adhesion power depending on the variation of the studied parameters as well as the ability to form multispecies biofilms. Their development is more important by renewing the culture medium and increasing the initial load of bacteria. The ability to adhere and form biofilms differs from one serogroup to another within the same species. In bacterial combination, strains and species of bacteria adopt different behaviors. Conclusion: The ability to form biofilms is a key factor in the persistence of tested strains in the environment. Our study showed that L.m, L.i, and E. coli could adhere to polystyrene and form biofilms under different conditions. More researches are necessary to understand the mechanisms of biofilm formation and the influence of different parameters in their development.
Durabilidade pós-colheita de Heliconiaceae avaliada em ambientes controlados no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil
Authors: Silva Cintia Graciele , Krause Sarah , Botini Auclar Felipe , França Rozineide Alves , Silva Celice Alexandre
Published: March 2019

Postharvest preservation is essential to maintain the peculiar features, beauty and longevity of flower stalks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postharvest durability, based on the visual quality and fresh weight of flower stalks of Heliconia psittacorum (with three-color variations) and of H. densiflora, in a cold chamber at three temperatures (14 ºC, 18 ºC and 22 ºC) and in the laboratory (control treatment at 26 ºC). A completely randomized design with four replications and five stems per plot was used. In flower stalks of H. densiflora under laboratory conditions, first signs of senescence were observed after six days of evaluation. For H. psittacorum, first signs of senescence were observed between 6 and 12 days of evaluation. For flower stalks of H. psittacorum (inflorescence color 5R 4/10), storage at 14 °C is recommended for up to nine days. At 14 ºC or 22 ºC, H. psittacorum (inflorescence color 2.5Y 7/10) at 18 ºC or 22 ºC for up to six days, and H. psittacorum (inflorescence of 7.7 YR 7/10) at 14 ºC or 22 ºC for up to six days. For H. densiflora, storage at 18 °C is recommended for up to six days. For both species and bract color variations, the reductions of fresh weight were greatest in the refrigerated environments.
Modulatory Effects of Pregnancy on Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: van der Giessen Janine , Huang Vivian W. , van der Woude C. Janneke , Fuhler Gwenny M.
Published: March 2019

The disease course of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis is altered during pregnancy, and a similar modulatory role of pregnancy on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been proposed. Hormonal, immunological, and microbial changes occurring during normal pregnancy may interact with the pathophysiology of IBD. IBD consists of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and because of genetic, immunological, and microbial differences between these disease entities, they may react differently during pregnancy and should be described separately. This review will address the pregnancy-induced physiological changes and their potential effect on the disease course of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, with emphasis on the modulation of epithelial barrier function and immune profiles by pregnancy hormones, microbial changes, and microchimerism.
Reduced Serum Sphingolipids Constitute a Molecular Signature of Malnutrition in Hospitalized Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis
Authors: Rachakonda Vikrant , Argemi Josepmaria , Borhani Amir A. , Bataller Ramon , Tevar Amit , Behari Jaideep
Published: March 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Malnutrition is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cirrhosis. Although multiple noninvasive measures of nutritional status have been studied, no consensus exists for early identification of malnutrition in cirrhosis. Serum metabolomics offers a novel approach for identifying biomarkers in multiple disease states. To characterize alterations in metabolic pathways associated with malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients and to identify biomarkers for disease prognosis.

METHODS:

In this cross-sectional, observational cohort study, 51 hospitalized cirrhotic patients were classified as malnourished (42.3%) or nourished (57.7%) based on low mid-arm muscle circumference and dominant handgrip strength. Anthropometric measurements and computed tomography body composition analysis were performed. Serum was collected after overnight fasting for unbiased metabolomics analysis.

RESULTS:

Malnourished cirrhotic patients exhibited mild reductions in skeletal muscle index, with more marked reductions in visceral fat index. Seventy-one biochemicals were significantly altered in malnourished subjects. The serum metabolite profile was significantly different between nourished and malnourished cirrhotic patients. Pathway analysis demonstrated that only sphingolipid metabolic pathways were significantly enriched in altered metabolites. Hierarchical clustering revealed that sphingolipid metabolites clustered into nourished and malnourished cohorts. Spearman analysis demonstrated multiple statistically significant correlations between sphingolipid species and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium. Using logistic regression, we identified 8 sphingolipids that were significantly associated with malnutrition after controlling for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium, age, and gender.

CONCLUSIONS:

Malnutrition in hospitalized cirrhotic patients is characterized by reductions in multiple sphingolipid species. Dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism may be involved in the pathophysiology of malnutrition in cirrhosis and potentially serve as a biomarker of nutritional status in this population.
Lipopolysaccharides From Non-Helicobacter pylori Gastric Bacteria Potently Stimulate Interleukin-8 Production in Gastric Epithelial Cells
Authors: Miyata Natsumi , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Hayashi Shunji , Sato Kiichi , Hirai Yoshikazu , Yamamoto Hironori , Sugano Kentaro
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND:

Gastric acid secretion is compromised in chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection allowing overgrowth of non-H. pylori gastric bacteria (NHGB) in the stomach.

METHODS:

NHGB were isolated from gastric mucosa in selective media and further characterized with biochemical methods and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Human gastric tissues were studied with indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies against H. pylori and Neisseria subflava (N. subflava). Gastric epithelial cell lines were cocultured with bacteria or incubated with lipopolysaccharides isolated from NHGB, and interleukin-8 released in the media was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, it's coreceptor myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2), and CD14 in gastric cells was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS:

Haemophilus species, Neisseria species, Fusobacterium species, and Veillonella species were predominant Gram-negative bacteria coinfected with H. pylori. Lipopolysaccharides from N. subflava potently stimulated interleukin-8 secretion in MKN45 cells which was cancelled by preincubation with polymyxin B. TLR2, TLR4, CD14, and myeloid differentiation factor 2 were expressed in MKN45 cells, though their levels of expression were low. N. subflava adhered to MKN45 cells in vitro and colocalized with H. pylori in the human gastric mucosa.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data suggest that N. subflava colonized in the gastric mucosa contribute to gastric inflammation during chronic H. pylori gastritis.

TRANSLATIONAL IMPACT:

NHGB may perpetuate gastric inflammation and accelerate neoplastic progression in the hypochlorhydric stomach.
Diskriminierung von Menschen mit psychiatrischen Diagnosen gestern, heute und morgen
Authors: Lehmann Peter
Published: March 2019

Peter Lehmann befasst sich mit den auch nach der Psychiatrie-Enquete ungebrochen weiterbegangenen Verletzungen der Menschenrechte in der Psychiatrie, insbesondere des Rechts auf körperliche Unversehrtheit. Dies betrifft die mit oder ohne Zwang vollzogene Verabreichung psychiatrischer Psychopharmaka und Elektroschocks ohne informierte Zustimmung. Der Autor befasst sich auch mit der um durchschnittlich zwei bis drei Jahrzehnte verminderten Lebenserwartung von Patientinnen und Patienten mit ernsten psychiatrischen Diagnosen, die kaum bei der Verabreichung potenziell riskanter Psychopharmaka berücksichtigt wird - oder schlicht deren Ergebnis ist. Der Autor plädiert nicht nur für die Durchsetzung der Gleichheit von Menschen mit psychiatrischen Diagnosen vor dem Gesetz, sondern auch für die Gleichheit von Psychiatern vor dem Gesetz, insbesondere dem Strafrecht, wenn sie die Rechte ihrer Patientinnen und Patienten verletzen.
İSLAM HUKUKUNA GÖRE MÜLKİYETİN TEMELLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Özdemir Recep
Published: March 2019

İnsan
hayatının bütün alanlarını kapsayan İslâm hukuku, insanın eşyayla olan
ilişkisine ve eşya üzerinde sabit olan sahiplenmenin mahiyetiyle ilgili genel
nitelikli bazı ilkeler ortaya koymuştur. İslâm hukukunun temel kaynağı olan
Kur’ân ve sünnettin mülkiyetle ilgili genel prensipleri çerçevesinde İslâm
hukukçuları ilk dönemlerden itibaren mülkiyetin temellendirilmesi, çeşitleri,
kazanılması ve kaybedilmesine dair görüşler ortaya koymuşlardır. İslâm
hukukçuları mülkiyeti genel olarak zimmet teorisiyle temellendirmeye
çalışmışlardır. Klasik literatürün genel yapısından dolayı İslâm hukukçuları
mülkiyetle ilgili umumi görüşlerini borçlar ve eşya hukukunu ilgilendiren
konuları işlerken ifade etmişlerdir. Bununla birlikte, bazı İslâm
hukukçularının mülkiyetin mahiyetini ve tasnifini sistematik bir şekilde ele
aldığı görülür. Son dönemde yapılan çalışmalar ise beşeri hukuk sistemlerinin
konuyla ilgili tasnifleri dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. İslâm hukukuna göre
mülkiyetin temellendirilmesini konu alan bu çalışmada öncelikle mülkiyet
teorilerine yer verilecek akabinde İslâm hukukçularının çok erken sayılabilecek
bir dönemde mülkiyetin içsel olarak zimmet teorisiyle dışsal olarak ihraz,
işgal, emek gibi unsurlarla nasıl açıkladıkları hususuna yer verilecektir.
AKADEMİSYENLERİN TASARRUF YAPMA VE TASARRUFLARI DEĞERLENDİRME EĞİLİMLERİ: TÜRKİYE UYGULAMASI
Authors: ULUYOL Osman
Published: March 2019

Günümüzde bireysel tasarruflar ve hane halkı
tasarrufları ekonomik açıdan kritik önem taşımaktadır. Ülkemizin genel olarak
tasarruf yetersizliği sorunu vardır. Bu makalede akademik personelin tasarruf
yapma ve tasarrufları değerlendirme eğilimleri araştırılmıştır.  İnternet üzerinden 30 üniversitedeki akademisyenlere
anket gönderilmiş ve 644 anket formu cevaplandırılmıştır. Anket yöntemiyle elde
edilen veriler istatistik programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiş, frekans analizi,
yüzde analizi yöntemleriyle sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara
göre akademisyenlerde tasarruf yapma oranı yaklaşık % 25 bulunmuştur. Tasarrufların başlıca değerlendirme yöntemleri ise
sırasıyla altın ve döviz olarak bankaya yatırma, gayrimenkul ve otomobil alma
şeklinde ortaya çıkmıştır.
İLKOKULLARDA ÖRGÜT KÜLTÜRÜNÜN SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN MOTİVASYONUNA ETKİSİ
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Hasan , AKSOY Mahmut , BALI Onur , ÇAĞLAR Çağlar
Published: March 2019

Bu
araştırmanın amacı Milli Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı ilkokullarda görev yapmakta
olan sınıf öğretmenlerinin, okullarının örgüt kültürüne ilişkin algıları ile
motivasyon düzeylerini belirlemek ve bu ikisi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Araştırma tarama modeline dayalı betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini
Gaziantep ili, merkez Şahinbey ve Şehitkâmil ilçelerinde bulunan ilkokullarda
2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında görev yapmakta olan 4619 sınıf öğretmeni
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise küme örnekleme yöntemi ile
belirlenen 358 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı
olarak; Terzi (2005) tarafından geliştirilen “Okul Kültürü Ölçeği” ve Öztürk ve
Uzunkol (2013) tarafından geliştirilen “İlkokul Öğretmeni Motivasyon Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizinde “regresyon,
korelasyon, t-Testi ve Anova” testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular
değerlendirildiğinde, örgüt kültürünün öğretmenlerin motivasyon düzeylerinin
anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu, örgüt kültürü ile öğretmenlerin motivasyon
düzeyleri arasında pozitif yönde ve aynı zamanda düşük düzeyde bir ilişkinin
olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
FİLM TURİZMİ VE SIĞACIK’A (İZMİR) ETKİLERİ
Authors: ÇAKAR ÇELİK Özlem
Published: March 2019

Film turizmi; TV, video, DVD, VCD veya sinema gösterimleriyle ilgili destinasyonlara veya ev, restoran, kafe vb çekim yerlerine yönelik turist ziyaretleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Film turizmi Türkiye’de yeni olan bir araştırma alanıdır. 2000’li yıllardan itibaren akademik çalışmalar içerisinde yer almıştır. Seferihisar’ın altı mahallesinden biri olan Sığacık birçok kez dizi- film endüstrisine ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Sığacık, “Kavak Yelleri Dizisi”, “Olanlar Oldu Filmi” ve “Ege’nin Hamsisi Dizisi” gibi yapımlarla dikkat çekmiştir. Bu çalışma dizi-film endüstrisinin Sığacık turizmine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, nitel araştırma yöntemi; nitel araştırma desenlerinden olgu bilim (fenomenoloji) deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, ‘yarı yapılandırılmış mülâkat formu’ ile elde edilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda dizi-film endüstrisinin Sığacık’ta film turizminin gelişmesine neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte film turizminin Sığacık’a olumlu ve olumsuz etkileri belirlenmiş, bu kapsamda Sığacık turizminin sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
AŞIRI İŞ YÜKÜNÜN İŞTEN AYRILMA NİYETİNE ETKİSİNDE İŞ TATMİNİ VE YAŞAM TATMİNİNİN ROLÜ, SAĞLIK KURUMU ÇALIŞANLARI ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Abdullah , BEKMEZCİ Mustafa
Published: March 2019

Bu
çalışmanın amacı aşırı iş yükünün, çalışanların işten ayrılma niyetine etkisi
ve bu etkide iş tatmini ve yaşam tatmininin aracılık rolünün tespit
edilmesidir. Söz konusu değişkenler arasındaki ilişki; faktör analizi,
regresyon analizi ve sobel testleri gibi istatistiksel yöntemler ile analiz
edilmiştir. Çalışmada Mersin’ de sağlık sektöründe faaliyet gösteren özel
hastaneler ele alınmıştır. Bu konuda hazırlanan anket formu ile 408 hekim,
hemşire ve diğer sağlık çalışanından toplanan veriler kullanılarak çalışmada
yer alan değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda,
aşırı iş yükünün işten ayrılma niyetini artırdığı, iş tatmini ve yaşam
tatmininin bu ilişkide kısmi aracılık rolünün olduğu belirlenmiştir.
KENT GÜVENLİĞİNİN SAĞLANMASI BAĞLAMINDA MAHALLE
Authors: SEZİK Murat
Published: March 2019

Tarihten günümüze insanlığın
üzerinde durduğu önemli konulardan birisi güvenlik konusu olmuştur. Tarihsel
süreç içinde güvenliği sağlamak amacıyla kentlerin surlarla çevrelenmesi ve
kaleler yapılması güvenlik ihtiyacının insanlık için önemini gösteren örnekler
arasındadır. Önceleri dışarıdan gelen tehditlere karşı kentlileri koruyan
surlar, kaleler günümüz dünyası için birer nostalji öğesi olarak turizme katkı
sunmaktadır. Mahalle ise geçmişten günümüze kent düzeni içerisinde esaslı
aktörlerden birisi olarak kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında etkinliğini hala
sürdürmektedir. Çünkü mahalle ortamında insanlar birbirleri ile ilişki
kurmaktadır, bu ilişki tanıklık ve yakınlık ilişkisidir. Mahalle başkasıyla yüz
yüze gelinen, pazarında, bakkalında, camisinde, sokağında karşılaşılan alandır. Kent yönetim
sistemi içerisinde de ilk basamak olan mahalle aynı zamanda kentin özüdür ve
bir bütün olarak mahalle muhtarı, sakinleri, bakkalı ve diğer ticarethaneleri
ile aslında kentin gözü ve kulağıdır. Bu araştırmada kenti oluşturmada ilk
basamakta yer alan mahallenin kent güvenliğinin sağlanmasında çoğu kez farkına
dahi varmadığımız tanışıklık, gözetim ve temas hallerinin polisiye tedbirlerin
öncesinde ve ötesinde bir etkisinin olduğu açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu
nedenle araştırmada, mahalle kültürünün yaşatılması, modernleşmenin getirdiği
olumsuz etkilerinden korunması, işlevlerinin devam etmesi bir bakıma kent
güvenlik sisteminin insan ilişkileri üzerinden kurgulanması ve güvenliğin
sağlanması sonucunu doğuracağı ifade edilmiş ve sokakları, binaları,
kaldırımları ve diğer unsurları ile mahallenin kentsel güvenliğe nasıl katkı
sunduğu ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.
From the Editor in Chief
Authors: Doğanay Ahmet
Published: March 2019

Dear producers and consumers of knowledge,

I would like to share the happiness of being with you again with second issue of Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction (PEGEGOG) in 2019. Initially, I want to thank you for the increasing interest for our journal.

The popularity of the journal of PEGEGOG continues to grow, with over a hundred papers received in last one year. Of these, about 30.00% were accepted for publication. This is good news for our journal. On the other hand, I have to indicate that there were critical problems in terms of format within these articles as stated in the previous issue. First of all, unfortunately we had to reject some articles as in many of them there were texts very similar to ones in different articles. At first step, we scan all articles in i-Thenticate program to determine the exact quotations from other resources. After this scan, we reject the articles detected to have exact quotations at a high rate without initiating peer-review process. Apart from that, we also send back the articles not written in an academic format not to disturb our reviewers unnecessarily.

One of the problems with the articles submitted to our journal and we had to reject was about data analysis. The data is the raw information collected from related resources through research aims. These should be analyzed in parallel with these aims. It is necessary to analyze them using statistics for quantitative data and methods such as content analysis or descriptive analysis for qualitative data. Analysis provides the data being transformed into findings and make sense. Especially, in some of document analysis and some qualitative studies, it is seen that data are presented as findings. In some others, data are presented being only described. It is essential that the studies are formed in an article format obeying the rules by the journal and presented for publication afterwards.

As always, we present the ten articles got through peer-review process and given DOI number to you dear producers and consumers of knowledge. I wish these studies conducted in various fields of educational sciences will be useful and contribute to theoretical knowledge within the field. Hope to meet within the next issue.

Sincerely yours,
Towards a better understanding of the L2 Learning Experience, the Cinderella of the L2 Motivational Self System
Authors: Dörnyei Zoltán
Published: March 2019

The theoretical emphasis within the L2 Motivational Self System has typically been on the two future self-guides representing possible (ideal and ought-to) selves, leaving the third main dimension of the construct, the L2 Learning Experience, somewhat undertheorized. Yet, this third component is not secondary in importance, as evidenced by empirical studies that consistently indicate that the L2 Learning Experience is not only a strong predictor of various criterion measures but is often the most powerful predictor of motivated behavior. This paper begins with an analysis of possible reasons for this neglect and then draws on the notion of student engagement in educational psychology to offer a theoretical framework for the concept. It is proposed that the L2 Learning Experience may be defined as the perceived quality of the learners’ engagement with various aspects of the language learning process.
Weaving webs of connection: Empathy, perspective taking, and students’ motivation
Authors: Henry Alastair , Thorsen Cecilia
Published: March 2019

L2 motivation is a relational phenomenon, shaped by teacher responsiveness (Lamb, 2017; Ushioda, 2009). Little, however, is known about the practices in which responsiveness is manifested. Drawing on research from the culturally responsive teaching paradigm (Petrone, 2013), and highlighting the role of empathy and perspective taking (Warren, 2018), the aim of this ethnographic case study of two lessons with a focus on poetry is to develop a relational understanding of the evolution of motivation. Analyses reveal how perspective taking has instructional and interactional dimensions, and how connections between lesson content and funds of knowledge with origins in students’ interactions with popular culture bring additional layers of meaning to learning. It is suggested that while connections that arise through perspective taking practices shape students’ in-the-moment motivational responses, they also accumulate in ways that lead to enduring motivational dispositions.
Motivation and emotion in the EFL learning experience of Romanian adolescent students: Two contrasting cases
Authors: Pavelescu Liana Maria
Published: March 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate the language learning motivation of two EFL teenage students in Romania and the link between motivation and the emotional dimensions of these adolescents’ learning experiences. While language learning motivation has been widely researched, its relationship with emotion in the learning experience has not been examined in depth thus far. To gain deep insight into this relationship, the present study used various qualitative methods: a written task, multiple semi-structured interviews with the students and their teachers, and prolonged lesson observation. The findings showed that the learners’ motivation and emotions were closely intertwined in their learning experiences in idiosyncratic ways. Mika (pseudonym) experienced the prevalent emotion of love of English and was a highly motivated learner. In her out-of-class learning experience, her motivation was linked to her emotions towards her favorite singer. In her classroom learning experience, her motivation was shaped by her teacher’s encouragement and support. Kate (pseudonym) did not reportedly experience a dominant emotion towards English and had a rather weak motivation. The absence of an expressed dominant emotion towards English was linked to her classroom learning experience before high school, namely to her teacher’s lack of encouragement, which hindered her motivation. By focusing on two contrasting cases of learners, this study has foregrounded the role of the emotional aspects of the language learning experience in shaping motivation, showing how strong positive emotions enhance and sustain motivation and how the lack of such emotions hinders motivation.
Efficient and effective algorithms for clustering uncertain graphs
Authors: Han Kai , Gui Fei , Xiao Xiaokui , Tang Jing , He Yuntian , Cao Zongmai , Huang He
Published: March 2019

We consider the edge uncertainty in an undirected graph and study the
k
-median (resp.
k
-center) problems, where the goal is to partition the graph nodes into
k
clusters such that the average (resp. minimum) connection probability between each node and its cluster's center is maximized. We analyze the hardness of these problems, and propose algorithms that provide considerably improved approximation guarantees than the existing studies do. Specifically, our algorithms offer (1 -- 1/e)-approximations for the
k
-median problem and (OPTck)-approximations for the
k
-center problem, where OPTck is the optimal objective function value for
k
-center. In addition, our algorithms incorporate several non-trivial optimizations that significantly enhance their practical efficiency. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our algorithms considerably outperform the existing methods on both computation efficiency and the quality of clustering results.
Cache-aware load balancing of data center applications
Authors: Archer Aaron , Aydin Kevin , Bateni Mohammad Hossein , Mirrokni Vahab , Schild Aaron , Yang Ray , Zhuang Richard
Published: March 2019

Our deployment of cache-aware load balancing in the Google web search backend reduced cache misses by ~0.5x, contributing to a double-digit percentage increase in the throughput of our serving clusters by relieving a bottleneck. This innovation has benefited all production workloads since 2015, serving billions of queries daily.

A load balancer forwards each query to one of several identical serving replicas. The replica pulls each term's postings list into RAM from flash, either locally or over the network. Flash bandwidth is a critical bottleneck, motivating an application-directed RAM cache on each replica. Sending the same term reliably to the same replica would increase the chance it hits cache, and avoid polluting the other replicas' caches. However, most queries contain multiple terms and we have to send the whole query to one replica, so it is not possible to achieve a perfect partitioning of terms to replicas.

We solve this via a voting scheme, whereby the load balancer conducts a weighted vote by the terms in each query, and sends the query to the winning replica. We develop a multi-stage scalable algorithm to learn these weights. We first construct a large-scale term-query graph from logs and apply a distributed balanced graph partitioning algorithm to cluster each term to a preferred replica. This yields a good but simplistic initial voting table, which we then iteratively refine via cache simulation to capture feedback effects.
Benefits and harms of wellness initiatives
Authors: Fiala Clare , Taher Jennifer , Diamandis Eleftherios P.
Published: March 2019

Wellness projects are large scale studies of healthy individuals through extensive laboratory and other testing. The “Hundred Person Wellness Study”, was one of the first to report results and lessons from its approach and these lessons can be applied to other wellness projects which are being undertaken by major companies and other organizations. In the “Hundred Person Wellness Study”, investigators from the Institute for Systems Biology (ISB) sequenced the genome, and analyzed the blood, saliva, urine and microbiome of 108 healthy participants every 3 months, for 9 months, to look for subtle changes signifying the transition to disease. We discuss some of the possible shortcomings of this approach; questioning the need to “improve” biomarker levels, excessive testing leading to over-diagnosis and over-treatment, expected results and improvements, selection of tests, problems with whole genome sequencing and speculations on therapeutic measures. We hope this discussion will lead to a continued evaluation of wellness interventions, leading to strategies that truly benefit patients within the constraint of limited health care resources.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of cigarette smoking among senior secondary school students in Depok, Indonesia
Authors: Nurmansyah Mochamad Iqbal , Umniyatun Yuyun , Jannah Miftahul , Syiroj Agung Taufiqurrokhman , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: March 2019

Background

Smoking behavior is primarily initiated and established during adolescence. Understanding the social context of smoking behavior among young people is required for developing strategies in preventing first tobacco use.

Objective

This study aimed at exploring the determinants of smoking behavior among senior secondary school students in Depok, Indonesia by identifying knowledge regarding smoking-related adverse outcomes, perception and attitude toward smoking behavior and tobacco control policy.

Methods

This study employed a cross-sectional design method. A total of 587 students from six senior secondary schools in Depok, Indonesia participated in this study. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine associations between cigarette smoking and independent variables.

Results

Respondents ranged from 14 to 19 years old students. The proportion of current cigarette smokers were 99 students (17.0%) where the majority of the smokers were male (35.5%). The majority of the students, both smokers and non-smokers, were aware that cigarette smoking causes health problems. The present study found that attitudes that may lead to smoking behavior, in most cases, have been found to be significantly different between smokers and non-smokers. The perception of smoking behavior of smokers and non-smokers, such as smoking makes one more confident, cool, makes it easier to make friends, can relieve stress, symbolizes adulthood and masculinity, was statistically significant to smoking behavior.

Conclusion

The study highlights the importance of changing youths’ image of cigarette smoking than merely educating students regarding the health hazards of smoking when they already possessed a good knowledge about those issues.
Evaluation of inductive effects of different concentrations of cyclosporine A on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in fetal and adult human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Nazemisalman Bahareh , Sajedinejad Neda , Darvish Shayan , Vahabi Surena , Gudarzi Hoda
Published: March 2019

Background

The etiology of gingival overgrowth due to cyclosporine A (CsA) is still unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the possible role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) on extra-cellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis when treated with different levels of CsA and its difference between fetal and adult human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).

Methods

Each group of cells (adult and fetal) was cultured in 40 wells that consisted of four different CsA treatment concentrations. Every 10 wells were treated with 0, 50, 100, and 150 ng/mL of CsA which makes a total of 80 wells. Supernatants of every well were used to determine the concentration of MMPs and TIMPs using the Elisa kits from Boster, CA, USA.

Results

MMP-1 level increased with the treatment of CsA when treated with 50 and 150 ng/mL of CsA (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) as TIMP-1 decreased (p < 0.0001) in adult group; while in the fetal group, TIMP-1 level increased with treatment of 150 ng/mL (p < 0.0001). MMP-2 level increased in both adult and fetal groups (p < 0.0001). MMP-3 level decreased in adult group (p < 0.0001) but went up in fetal HGFs (p = 0.01) when treated with 150 ng/mL CsA. TIMP-2 level increased in all wells significantly when treated with CsA (p < 0.0001). The study showed that CsA affects secretion of MMPs and TIMPs. MMP-1 increment and TIMP-1 decrement were observed, which indicate more degradation of ECM. This may be due to single donor use in this study. TIMP-2 and MMP-2 were both more active when treated with CsA which may be due to the gelatinase activity of them and that in CsA gingival overgrowth. There was more inflammation rather than fibrosis.
A characterization of the degree of weak and strong links in doubles sports
Authors: Gill Paramjit S. , Swartz Tim B.
Published: March 2019

This paper proposes a model that characterizes the degree to which a doubles sport (i.e. two team members) is a weak or a strong link game. The model is applied to the sport of pickleball where interest is focused on the doubles version of the sport. As a byproduct of the analysis, individual player rankings are obtained.
Crystal structure of the fluorescent fipronil derivative 5,5′-(methylenebis(azanediyl))bis(1-(2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-4-((trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile), C25H6N8O2Cl4F12S2
Authors: Du Yanting , Zhou Quan , Huang Yufeng , Chen Lianqing
Published: March 2019

C25H6N8O2Cl4F12S2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 20.0584(9) Å, b = 16.1373(7) Å, c = 10.6232(5) Å, β = 93.238(4)°, V = 3433.1(3) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0543, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1427, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of cyclo-[octaaqua-tetrakis(μ2-5,5′-(1H-imidazole-4,5-diyl)bis(tetrazol-2-ido)-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′)tetramagnesium(II)], C20H24N40O8Mg4
Authors: Zhang Nan , Hou Shao Gang
Published: March 2019

C10H12N20O4Mg2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.4934(3) Å, b = 16.1409(5) Å, c = 16.1522(5) Å, β = 101.827(3)°, Z = 2, V = 1912.14(12) Å3, Rgt
(F) = 0.0577, wR
ref (F
2) = 0.1726, T = 293(2) K.
Privacy as Protection of the Incomputable Self: From Agnostic to Agonistic Machine Learning
Authors: Hildebrandt Mireille
Published: March 2019

This Article takes the perspective of law and philosophy, integrating insights from computer science. First, I will argue that in the era of big data analytics we need an understanding of privacy that is capable of protecting what is uncountable, incalculable or incomputable about individual persons. To instigate this new dimension of the right to privacy, I expand previous work on the relational nature of privacy, and the productive indeterminacy of human identity it implies, into an ecological understanding of privacy, taking into account the technological environment that mediates the constitution of human identity. Second, I will investigate how machine learning actually works, detecting a series of design choices that inform the accuracy of the outcome, each entailing trade-offs that determine the relevance, validity and reliability of the algorithm’s accuracy for real life problems. I argue that incomputability does not call for a rejection of machine learning per se but calls for a research design that enables those who will be affected by the algorithms to become involved and to learn how machines learn — resulting in a better understanding of their potential and limitations. A better understanding of the limitations that are inherent in machine learning will deflate some of the eschatological expectations, and provide for better decision-making about whether and if so how to implement machine learning in specific domains or contexts. I will highlight how a reliable research design aligns with purpose limitation as core to its methodological integrity. This Article, then, advocates a practice of “agonistic machine learning” that will contribute to responsible decisions about the integration of data-driven applications into our environments while simultaneously bringing them under the Rule of Law. This should also provide the best means to achieve effective protection against overdetermination of individuals by machine inferences.
Privacy and Manipulation in the Digital Age
Authors: Zarsky Tal Z.
Published: March 2019

The digital age brings with it novel forms of data flow. As a result, individuals are constantly being monitored while consuming products, services and content. These abilities have given rise to a variety of concerns, which are most often framed using “privacy” and “data protection”-related paradigms. An important, oft-noted yet undertheorized concern is that these dynamics might facilitate the manipulation of subjects; a process in which firms strive to motivate and influence individuals to take specific steps and make particular decisions in a manner considered to be socially unacceptable. That it is important and imperative to battle manipulation carries with it a strong intuitive appeal. Intuition, however, does not always indicate the existence of a sound justification or policy option. For that, a deeper analytic and academic discussion is called for.

This Article begins by emphasizing the importance of addressing the manipulation-based argument, which derives from several crucial problems and flaws in the legal and policy setting currently striving to meet the challenges of the digital age. Next, the Article examines whether the manipulation-based concerns are sustainable, or are merely a visceral response to changing technologies which cannot be provided with substantial analytical backing. Here the Article details the reasons for striving to block manipulative conduct and, on the other hand, reasons why legal intervention should be, in the best case, limited. The Article concludes with some general implications of this discussion for the broader themes and future directions of privacy law, while trying to ascertain whether the rise of the manipulation-based discourse will lead to information privacy’s expansion or perhaps its demise.
The crystal structure of cubic C-type samarium sesquioxide, Sm2O3
Authors: Kohlmann Holger
Published: March 2019

Cubic C-type samarium sesquioxide, Sm2O3, was prepared by thermal decomposition of samarium carbonate. Its crystal structure was refined based on neutron powder diffraction data [space group Ia3̅, a = 1092.77(6) pm] in order to accurately determine the oxygen atom positions. Isotopically enriched 154Sm2O3 was used for the neutron diffraction work because of the enormous absorption cross section of the natural isotopic mixtures for thermal neutrons. Crystal structure refinements by the Rietveld technique confirm the cubic bixbyite type and yield structure data of high accuracy. Interatomic distances between Sm1 (Wyckoff site 8a) and oxygen are 6 × 235.0(2) pm, and between Sm2 (Wyckoff site 24d) and oxygen 2 × 231.6(2) pm, 2 × 233.7(2) pm, 2 × 240.2(2) pm with a weighted average of d̅(Sm–O) = 235.1(2) pm.
A Survey on the Division of Therapeutic Interventions Between Physical and Occupational Therapists in Skilled Nursing and Long-Term Care Facilities
Authors: Marangoni Allen , Blanks Annemarie , Gillespie Dominique , Lartz Kelly
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:

The literature remains unclear as to what the distinct roles of physical therapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) are in the rehabilitation setting. The goal of this study was to determine whether doctor of physical therapy (DPT) students found a division of therapeutic interventions of the upper and lower extremities during their clinical rotations in skilled nursing and long-term care facilities.

Methods:

A quantitative observational study surveyed 162 previous or current DPT students from the graduating classes of 2015 to 2018 who completed 1 or more clinical rotations in a skilled nursing and/or long-term care facility. A survey was provided via school e-mail, which asked whether participants observed a division of care between OT and PT based upon extremity while attending their clinical rotations.

Results:

Surveys indicated that a division of care was present in 94.2% (n = 49) of the facilities. Results confirmed that OT was responsible for the examination and treatment of upper extremity pathologies, while PT was responsible for the examination and treatment of lower extremity pathologies almost exclusively. Chi-square analyses determined that there was no difference in frequency between the division of care and the year in which the rotation was completed (χ2 = 4.34, P = .34), the division of care and the state in which the facility was located (χ2 = 1.55, P = .99), or the division of care and type of facility (χ2 = 2.53, P = .11).

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that the responsibility for upper extremity care was delegated to OT, while lower extremity care was delegated to PT in both skilled nursing and long-term care facilities in the geographic area included in the study. The reason for this division remains unclear.
Outcomes of a Physical Therapist-Led, Statewide, Community-Based Fall Risk Screening
Authors: Karlsson Lee , Doe Kelsey , Gerry Meghan , Moore Brooke , Wingood Mariana , Renfro Mindy , Gell Nancy
Published: March 2019

Background and Purpose:

Falls aretheleading cause of morbidity and mortality among US older adults and result in considerable medical and social consequences. Community-based screenings are a type of intervention that provides accessible fall risk screening and education at no cost to the participants. However, little is known about whether or how participants change behavior after screening events. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize participant risk-reducing behaviors after community-based fall risk screenings.

Methods:

Participants were recruited during 22 community-based fall risk screening events in 2017 led by physical therapists. The screenings were conducted using a modified version of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Stopping Elderly Accidents, Deaths, and Injuries (CDC STEADI) toolkit. Screenings included risk reduction education via group format and individual recommendations tailored to fall risk classification based on the screening outcomes. For the study, questionnaires were used at baseline to collect demographics and screening results and at 1-month and 5-month follow-up to assess risk reduction behavior change. Descriptive statistics characterized behavior change and assessed outcome differences by baseline fall risk level. Logistic regression analyses examined factors impacting behavior change after screening.

Results and Discussion:

At baseline, 123 participants enrolled and 104 (84.6%) responded at 1- and 5-month follow-up. By 1 month, 50.0% of participants had adopted at least 1 fall risk–reducing behavior, which increased to 64.9% by 5 months. Moderate or high fall risk was significantly associated with adopting a new behavior change by 5 months compared with those with low fall risk (P= .04). The odds of adopting a fall risk reduction strategy by 5 months increased with higher education (odds ratio: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.0-6.0) and moderate/high fall risk (odds ratio: 3.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-7.2) in a logistic regression model adjusted by age and sex.

Conclusions:

Screening and education using the STEADI toolkit during community-based screenings result in short- and long-term behavior change to reduce fall risk among older adults, particularly those with moderate to high fall risk. Further research is needed to identify barriers and incentives among participants who do not make fall-related behavioral changes after screening.