bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trans-cinnamaldehyde protects against phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the CaMKII/ERK pathway
Authors: Qian Dongdong , Tian Jing , Wang Sining , Shan Xiaoli , Zhao Pei , Chen Huihua , Xu Ming , Guo Wei , Zhang Chen , Lu Rong
Published: April 2022

Background

Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is one of the main pharmaceutical ingredients of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, which has been shown to have therapeutic effects on a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out to characterize and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of TCA against cardiac hypertrophy.

Methods

We used phenylephrine (PE) to induce cardiac hypertrophy and treated with TCA in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to identify potential pathways of TCA. Then, the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were detected. In adult mouse cardiomyocytes (AMCMs), calcium transients, calcium sparks, sarcomere shortening and the phosphorylation of several key proteins for calcium handling were evaluated. For mouse in vivo experiments, cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by assessing morphological changes, echocardiographic parameters, and the expression of hypertrophic genes and proteins.

Results

TCA suppressed PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of CaMKII and ERK in NRCMs. Our data also demonstrate that TCA blocked the hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) and restored Ca2+ handling and sarcomere shortening in AMCMs. Moreover, our data revealed that TCA alleviated PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy in adult mice and downregulated the phosphorylation of CaMKII and ERK.

Conclusion

TCA has a protective effect against PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy that may be associated with the inhibition of the CaMKII/ERK pathway.
SP70 is a potential biomarker to identify gastric fundic gland neoplasms
Authors: Luo Rongkui , Huang Wen , Chen Lingli , Liu Yalan , Xu Lei , Zhang Xiaolei , Xu Chen , Hou Yingyong
Published: April 2022

Background

Gastric neoplasms with fundic gland differentiation include oxyntic gland adenomas (OGAs) and gastric adenocarcinomas of fundic gland type (GA-FGs). Due to their well-differentiated and similar morphology with normal fundic glands, it is usually challenging to identify these lesions in pathological diagnosis, especially in biopsy specimens. This study aims to explore and verify the potential role of a newly developed monoclonal antibody (McAb) NJ001 (SP70) in differentiating fundic neoplasms from non-neoplastic fundic gland lesions.

Methods

Twenty-three cases of histological confirmed gastric fundic gland neoplasms were obtained, including 12 cases of OGAs and 11 of GA-FGs. Fifty cases of fundic gland polyps (FGPs) were taken as the control group. Six cases of well-differentiated gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) (easily misdiagnosed) were also obtained. Key clinicopathological information was collected. SP70 immunostaining was performed (with para-tumor normal fundic glands as internal control). The positive intensity and staining pattern of SP70 were analyzed and compared.

Results

In normal gastric mucosa, SP70 was strongly and diffusely stained on the cytoplasm in fundic glands, but not in the foveolar epithelium. Therefore, a zonal distribution of SP70 was observed in normal mucosa. FGPs (50/50, 100%) shared a similar expression pattern with normal fundic glands. In fundic gland neoplasms, a significant down-expression of SP70 was observed in both OGAs and GA-FGs. The positive rate of SP70 in fundic gland neoplasms (6/23, 26.1%) was significantly lower than that in FGPs (100%) (P<0.0001). There was no difference in SP70 expression between OGAs (3/12, 25.0%) and GA-FGs (3/11, 27.2%) group (P>0.05). In these 6 NET cases, SP70 was weak to moderate intensity in the majority of tumor cells (with a different expression pattern).

Conclusion

Down-expression of SP70 is a specific feature to fundic gland neoplasms including OGAs and GA-FGs. Therefore, SP70 can serve as a potential biomarker in the identification and differential diagnosis of fundic gland neoplasms.
What matters for the scalability of prejudice reduction programs and interventions? A Delphi study
Authors: Hsieh Wing , Wickes Rebecca , Faulkner Nicholas
Published: April 2022

Background

In many countries, policy makers and practitioners turn to prejudice reduction programs and interventions to tackle prejudice in the community. However, successfully addressing prejudice requires an effective intervention that can scale to match the broad span of the problem. The scalability assessment frameworks from health sciences have varying emphasis on four categories—intervention, delivery, costs, and context. For example, the high-level factors in the two Milat et al. scalability assessments are weighted towards details of the intervention (Milae et al. in Health Promot Int 28(3):285–981, 2013; Health Res Policy Syst 2:1–17, 2020). Investigation into scalability, specific to prejudice reduction, is necessary to understand how scalability frameworks apply in a different discipline.

Methods

Using a Delphi approach—a structured method to obtain consensus from experts (Milae et al. Health Promot Int 28(3):285–981, 2013; Linstone and Turoff in The Delphi method—techniques and applications, Addison-Wesley, 1975; de Meyrick in Health Educ 103(1):7–16, 2003)—to bring together 16 prejudice reduction experts from multiple sectors including NGOs, private, government and academia, we developed a scalability assessment framework of criteria that are important for the successful scaling of prejudice interventions. We then applied that framework to exemplars of prejudice reduction interventions published in the academic literature.

Results

For prejudice reduction interventions, contextual factors are key considerations for successful scaling. Commonly used prejudice reduction intervention approaches like contact, whether face-to-face or online, can have limited scalability.

Conclusions

To reduce prejudice there needs to be consideration of scalability. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind framework for assessing scalability for prejudice reduction interventions. Applying the empirically developed framework to actual interventions demonstrated that for interventions to be effective and scalable, a greater focus on approaches beyond face-to-face contact is required.
Detoxification approaches of mycotoxins: by microorganisms, biofilms and enzymes
Authors: Nahle Sahar , El Khoury André , Savvaidis Ioannis , Chokr Ali , Louka Nicolas , Atoui Ali
Published: April 2022

Mycotoxins are generally found in food, feed, dairy products, and beverages, subsequently presenting serious human and animal health problems. Not surprisingly, mycotoxin contamination has been a worldwide concern for many research studies. In this regard, many biological, chemical, and physical approaches were investigated to reduce and/or remove contamination from food and feed products. Biological detoxification processes seem to be the most promising approaches for mycotoxins removal from food. The current review details the newest progress in biological detoxification (adsorption and metabolization) through microorganisms, their biofilms, and enzymatic degradation, finally describing the detoxification mechanism of many mycotoxins by some microorganisms. This review also reports the possible usage of microorganisms as mycotoxins’ binders in various food commodities, which may help produce mycotoxins-free food and feed.
Effect of facilitated rocking movement in reducing vaccination-induced pain in young infants: a randomized control trial
Authors: Yadav Jayesh P. , Agrawal Alka , Sawant Vishal Dnyaneshwar
Published: April 2022

Background

Injection for vaccinations is the most prevalent source of iatrogenic pain in infants. The facilitated rocking movement is a new technique which is to be evaluated to reduce vaccination-induced pain in newborns and young infants. Hence, the present study was designed to study the effect of facilitated rocking movement in reducing vaccination-induced pain in young infants.

Method

A total of 70 infants < 6 months attending vaccination clinic, full-term born babies with weight > 2.5 kg and clinically well infants were enrolled and randomized in two equal groups, i.e., facilitated rocking movement (treatment/group 1) and classical holding group (control/group 2).

Results

Both the groups were comparable and found no significant (p > 0.05) difference as regards education, occupation, socioeconomic status, type and number of deliveries, gestational age of mother as well as birth weight, gender and hemodynamic parameters of infants. The crying time was significantly (p = 0.0001) lower among children of group 1 (35.79 ± 5.12 s) than group 2 (59.71 ± 7.93 s). There was a significant difference (p = 0.0001) in NIPS score among the groups after baseline. At baseline, mild severity of pain was observed in the majority of children in both groups (92.9% in each), while at 1 min after prick mild severity of pain was more in group 1 (92.9%) than in group 2 (28.6%), (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion

The assisted rocking movement proved more helpful than the traditional holding position in alleviating pain caused by vaccinations in infants aged less than 6 months. As a result of its easy, cheap and noninvasive application, this position can be utilized in combination with pharmacological techniques during painful procedures. Further ascertainment by comparing other techniques such as the analgesic effects of sucrose, expressed breast milk and breast-feeding should be carried out.
Short-coupled ventricular ectopics leading to cardiac arrest in a young woman
Authors: Katis George , Wiles Benedict , Saba Magdi M.
Published: April 2022

Background

This case report highlights the importance of recognizing that ventricular ectopy may be a cause for syncope and sudden cardiac death, through triggered disorganized arrhythmia. In the context of syncope, ventricular ectopy should be carefully assessed for coupling interval and morphology.

Case presentation

A 39-year-old woman, who had presented with recurrent syncope, had a cardiac arrest shortly after admission that required emergency defibrillation. Review of her cardiac monitoring revealed an episode of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia which had degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. The dysrhythmia had been initiated by a short-coupled (R-on-T) ventricular ectopic (VE) beat. Anti-arrhythmic therapy was initiated in the form of hydroquinidine, but the patient continued to have frequent VEs of right bundle branch block (RBBB) morphology with a relatively narrow QRS complex and a variation in frontal axis. A cardiac MRI revealed late gadolinium enhancement of the posterior papillary muscle (indicative of focal scarring). The patient underwent electrophysiological mapping and catheter ablation of her ectopy. The patient made a good recovery and was discharged from hospital with a secondary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in situ.

Conclusions

Short-couped VEs that are superimposed onto the preceding T wave (R-on-T) are indicative of electrical instability of the heart and should prompt urgent investigation. By studying the morphologies and axes of the QRS complexes produced by VEs, we can identify their likely origins and ascertain their clinical significance.
A microRNA binding site polymorphism in the 3′ UTR region of VEGF-A gene modifies colorectal cancer risk based on ethnicity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kontham Sai Sushmitha , Walter Charles Emmanuel Jebaraj , Shankaran Zioni Sangeetha , Ramanathan Arvind , Karuppasamy Nirmala , Johnson Thanka
Published: April 2022

Background

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) plays an integral role in angiogenesis by contributing to growth, development, and metastasis of solid tumors. Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism +936C/T located in the VEGF-A 3′ untranslated region (UTR) facilitated the susceptibility of colorectal cancer. The association between VEGF-A gene polymorphism +936C/T and colorectal cancer risk has been widely studied in the last decade, but presently, the results furnished remain enigmatic. Hence, the study aimed to investigate the association between VEGF-A +936C/T miRNA binding site polymorphism and the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

Methods

This meta-analysis included 13 published case-control studies covering 3465 cases (colorectal cancer) and 3476 healthy controls. Publication bias was examined by means of Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s regression tests. The quality of the studies included was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Subgroup analyses were performed in accordance to the various ethnicities of the study subjects and the study quality.

Results

From the data obtained, it is implied that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism did not correlate with elevated colorectal cancer risk in all genetic models. But the results acquired from the subgroup analysis in over dominant model (CT vs. CC + TT: OR = 1.5047, 95% CI = 1.19–1.90) suggest that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism leads to the raise in the risk of developing CRC among the East Asian population. No association was observed in Caucasian and South Asian population.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that VEGF-A +936C/T polymorphism is not a risk factor for developing CRC in Caucasian and South Asian population. However, the East Asian population was related to an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer due to the presence of the minor allele.
An interdisciplinary method for assessing IPM potential: case study in Scottish spring barley
Authors: Stetkiewicz Stacia , Bruce Ann , Burnett Fiona J. , Ennos Richard A. , Topp Cairistiona F. E.
Published: April 2022

A method is proposed which considers Integrated Pest Management (IPM) through several lenses, in order to obtain a more holistic view of the potential for IPM, and is described using a case study of Scottish spring barley. Long-term experimental field trial databases are used to determine which management methods are best suited to the system at hand. Stakeholder engagement provides insight into which of these methods are most likely to be taken up by farmers. Finally, a database of commercial practice allows an estimate of the potential for improving management patterns, based on current levels of IPM uptake across a wider sample of Scottish farmers. Together, these diverse sources of information give a more complete view of a complex system than any individual source could and allow the identification of IPM methods which are robust, practical, and not already in widespread use in this system. Bringing together these sources of information may be of particular value for policy and other decision makers, who need information about strategies which are both practical and likely to have a large positive impact. In the case of Scottish spring barley, there is good potential to reduce the need for fungicide use through the increased use of highly resistant barley varieties.
The State Formation of Late Qing China within Global Geopolitical Dynamics
Authors: Ru Sung Hee
Published: April 2022

This article views the nineteenth-century Qing government's acceptance of modern state logics as a momentous occasion in the government-led modern state transition amid pressure from across the geopolitical landscape. In the process of this transition, the Qing government strove to adopt the rules of the interstate system, such as border demarcation and the system of international law, which were fine-tuned to the politico-economic expansion of the modern world-system. Perspective builds on theories of China's process of incorporation into the modern world-system; however, it is qualitatively different from previous approaches such as the impact-response approach or the colonial perspective in that it is based on an understanding of global geopolitics as a transnational entity and, as such, a unit of analysis. Global geopolitics first appeared in Western Europe, but as it expanded into non-European areas, its logics gradually became global logics that encompassed European and non-European practices alike. This paper makes two significant theoretical contributions. First, from a macroscopic perspective, it suggests that the global connected histories between Western Europe and China can be examined without excluding the distinctive dynamics of either Europe or China. Second, by using global geopolitics as a unit of analysis, it argues that the role of the Qing government is as important as the influence of Western colonial powers in the formation of the modern Chinese state. This approach challenges the Eurocentric perspective that considers European powers to be active and progressive and China to be passive and lethargic.
Validating markerless pose estimation with 3D X-ray radiography
Authors: Moore Dalton D. , Walker Jeffrey D. , MacLean Jason N. , Hatsopoulos Nicholas G.
Published: April 2022

To reveal the neurophysiological underpinnings of natural movement, neural recordings must be paired with accurate tracking of limbs and postures. Here, we evaluated the accuracy of DeepLabCut (DLC), a deep learning markerless motion capture approach, by comparing it with a 3D X-ray video radiography system that tracks markers placed under the skin (XROMM). We recorded behavioral data simultaneously with XROMM and RGB video as marmosets foraged and reconstructed 3D kinematics in a common coordinate system. We used the toolkit Anipose to filter and triangulate DLC trajectories of 11 markers on the forelimb and torso and found a low median error (0.228 cm) between the two modalities corresponding to 2.0% of the range of motion. For studies allowing this relatively small error, DLC and similar markerless pose estimation tools enable the study of increasingly naturalistic behaviors in many fields including non-human primate motor control.
Etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients: A clinical experience from emergency department of a tertiary care center
Authors: Ali Noman , Dharamshi Hasnain Abbas , Mustahsan Syed , Noorani Suman
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To identify the etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED), to improve knowledge among healthcare providers regarding diagnosis and hence improve the outcomes.

Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study conducted at the Emergency Department of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients (18 years and above), presented to the ED from January 01, 2019 to June 30, 2020, with new onset seizure were included consecutively. Descriptive data on patient demographics, seizure types, investigations performed, final diagnosis and disposition were collected retrospectively from patient’s file and electronic record. Etiologies of seizure were classified as structural (metabolic, trauma, infection), genetic or idiopathic. The immediate outcomes were reported as hospitalization or discharge from the ED.

Results: In total 198 patients with new onset seizure were included. Majority of the patients were found in middle age group i.e., 35 to 65 years (44.4%). Gender distribution showed slightly higher percentage of females (55.1%). Generalized tonic clonic seizures were found to be the most common type of seizures (74.2%), followed by generalized tonic (12.1%) and focal onset aware seizures (7.5%). Out of total patients no cause was identified in eight patients (4%), whereas in total confirmed causes of new onset seizures, structural lesions of brain were found to be the most common cause (89.6%%), including neurological (23.6%), infectious (4.2%), systemic (13%), metabolic (7%) and toxicological (4%) causes respectively.

Conclusion: This study explores the various etiologies of new onset seizures in adult patients presenting to the ED. The study emphasizes the need for a local guideline for the investigation of new onset seizures in adult patients that would direct emergency physicians in respect of appropriate management, thus to ensure better quality of patient care and outcomes.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4411

How to cite this:Ali N, Dharamshi HA, Mustahsan S, Noorani S. Etiology and outcomes of new onset seizure in adult patients: A clinical experience from emergency department of a tertiary care center. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4411

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluating the frequency of successful guidewire crossing through a complex lesion in coronary artery disease patients having chronic total occlusion
Authors: Akhtar Waheed , Shahzad Syed Tehseen , Hasrat Shahzad , Mustafa Waqar
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To determine the frequency of successful guidewire crossing through chronic total occlusion (CTO) in patients having a J-CTO Score = 2 (difficult lesion).

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) in Rawalpindi. Patients with high calcium score on CT-angiogram were sent for elective coronary angiogram out of which patients diagnosed with chronic total occlusion (CTO) were selected and J-CTO Score was assessed. Those with a J-CTO score = 2 (difficult lesion) were enrolled for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Guidewire that can cross the lesion within 30 minutes was considered successful.

Results: A total of 158(95.8%) cases had successful guidewire crossing, while in 7(4.2%) patients, the procedure was unsuccessful. No significant association between the success rate of guidewire crossing and age (p = 0.21). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant relationship between guidewire crossing and LV function (p = 0.559) i.e. 32.2% and 42.9% of those with LV function between 25-35% had successful and unsuccessful guidewire crossing, respectively. While 67.7% and 57.1% patients having 36-65% LV function were observed having successful and failed PCI, respectively.

Conclusions: The success rate of guidewire crossing through CTO in patients having a J-CTO Score =2 (difficult lesion) is acceptable so J-CTO score can be considered for difficulty grading of the lesion before intervention to prevent complications and success rate of PCI.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4770

How to cite this:Akhtar W, Shah ST, Hasrat S, Mustafa W. Evaluating the frequency of successful guidewire crossing through a complex lesion in coronary artery disease patients having chronic total occlusion. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.4770

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Application and accuracy analysis of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women
Authors: Li Liu , Chen Qian
Published: April 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the value of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D-TVS) for endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women, so as to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A total of 170 female patients admitted to Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics from April 2018 to April 2020 were included in this study. Among them, 110 patients with pathologically confirmed postmenopausal endometrial lesions were divided into the study group (65 patients with benign lesions, 45 patients with malignant lesions), while 60 healthy postmenopausal women were divided into the volunteer group. PASS software was used to calculate the sample size. 3D-TVS was performed in both groups, and the results of the different groups were compared and analyzed.

Results: The pathological results were invoked as the gold standard for detection, and the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 3D-TVS were 97.27%, 77.78% and 80% respectively. Patients in the study group had higher endometrial thickness and endometrial volume than those in the volunteer group (p<0.05). The results of ultrasound parameters in the benign lesion group were lower than those in the malignant lesion group (p<0.05), while the vascular index and micro-vessel density in the malignant lesion group were significantly higher than those in the benign lesion group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: 3D-TVS has obvious clinical value in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women, boasting a variety of advantages, such as high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, effectively reflecting the blood flow of patients with endometrial lesions, and further determining the degree of benign and malignant lesions in patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5331

How to cite this:Li L, Chen Q. Application and accuracy analysis of three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in the diagnosis of endometrial lesions in postmenopausal women. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.5.5331

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Formation of Safety Culture Among Younger Schoolchildren (to the Formulation of the Problem)
Authors: Timofeeva L.
Published: April 2022

The article substantiates the importance of developing a safety culture among younger students. The parameters and criteria for assessing the formation of a safety culture, the results demonstrated by students during the survey conducted by the author are given. At the individual level, as well as at the levels of the educational organization, society, program-methodical and scientific-theoretical, the reasons for the insufficient formation of individual components of the safety culture among primary school students are considered.
The Impact of Human Capital on Labor Income in the Regions of Russia
Authors: Basovskaya Elena , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: April 2022

The paper builds econometric models that make it possible to establish the impact of the capital-labor ratio of labor, new technologies and human capital on labor incomes in the regions of the country. The most significant positive impact on labor income in the regions is exerted by the average level of education of employed workers. A significant positive impact on labor incomes in the regions is exerted by the total share of qualified specialists - employed workers with higher education and secondary vocational education in training programs for mid-level specialists. The share of employed workers with higher education has a significant positive impact on labor income in the region. The share of employed workers with secondary vocational education in training programs for mid-level specialists does not have a significant impact on labor income in the region. The employment of skilled workers and employees, workers with general secondary education and basic general education has a negative impact on labor incomes in the regions. To increase the level of labor incomes, it is necessary to create jobs for highly qualified specialists and expand the scale of training of young people in the higher education system.
Integration of the Russian Industrial Sector into the Network Space: Analysis of Current Trends
Authors: Mahmudova Muhabbat
Published: April 2022

A characteristic feature of the current stage of development of the national economy is the active penetration of business structures into the network economy. The article describes the current trends in the use of information technologies and software products by industrial enterprises. The new opportunities provided by the Internet economy to network organizations of the industrial sector, as well as the risks threatening their security, are characterized.
The Genesis of Marketing Tools for the Promotion of Confectionery in the City of Tula
Authors: Yudina O.
Published: April 2022

The article is devoted to the issue of historical analysis of transformation of economic processes of Tula confectioners in the context of formation of marketing promotion with further construction and justification of economic hypotheses of development of communication means in this industry. The study is based on the analysis of archival documents and Russian publications, as well as on the statistical findings of protomarketing data.

The purpose of the study was to study the genesis of promotion tools on the example of the world-famous confectionery products in Tula at the turn of the XIX and early XX centuries. The tasks and historical stages of the development of communication tools in the confectionery industry are defined with the aim of detailed hierarchy of marketing processes. The author's experience of creating a periodization of the genesis of marketing promotion tools in the sphere of both the Russian and Tula confectionery industry is proposed, reflecting the growth rate of marketing and the market share of communications.

In the final results of the study, the significance is substantiated and the typology of communication for the promotion of confectionery products in Tula at the turn of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries is presented, their most complete characteristics are given.
The State of Innovation in the Russian Financial and Technological Industry and Digitalization
Authors: Martynov V.
Published: April 2022

The Russian financial market, interacting with digital technologies, discovers a completely new industry – "Financial Technologies", which is currently in the growth stage. The article is devoted to the analysis and study of the concept of "Fintech" at the present stage, the pros and cons of the phenomenon in the Russian Federation, consumer behavior, insufficient elaboration of the phenomenon in the legal field are considered. The specifics of the digital transformation of companies due to the emergence of innovative technologies in the sector are revealed, recommendations are offered to accelerate the digitalization of companies using the example of Fintech. Special attention is paid to the prospects for the development of the Russian segment of Fintech, possible sanctions of the Western community and their impact on the evolution of the industry.
Soberania, jus gentium e o fundamento ético dos princípios jurídicos do direito internacional público em Francisco de Vitória
Authors: Brígida Yasmim Salgado Santa , Pinheiro Victor Sales , Simões Sandro Alex de Souza
Published: April 2022

ResumoA partir da escolástica de Francisco de Vitória, analisa-se em que medida o poder-domínio, baseado nos preceitos éticos da lei natural, legitima a soberania na República e origina o jus gentium, base dos princípios jurídicos do Direito Internacional Público. Conceitua-se o domínio civil com a fundamentação do poder civil na razão natural. Delimita-se a função da autoridade na República e explora-se a natureza do direito e o objetivo da soberania com base na finalidade Estatal no bem comum. Objetiva-se entender a necessidade do summa potestas da comunidade e a lei positiva serem orientados pelo direito natural e pela justiça. Dos argumentos sobre a guerra justa, extraem-se os princípios da “proporcionalidade dos meios”, da “solução pacífica de controvérsias” e da “intervenção humanitária” em violações de crimes contra a humanidade. Justifica-se a necessidade da orbe formar uma República, para que se obrigue as autoridades soberanas em respeitar leis justas e o jus gentium. A pesquisa é bibliográfica qualitativa, com análise doutrinária da escolástica de Francisco de Vitória. Conclui-se que o poder, baseado nos preceitos éticos da lei natural, intitula o homem como sujeito de direitos subjetivos, afirmando a dignidade da pessoa humana, inaugurando os fundamentos dos princípios jurídicos do Direito Internacional Público.Palavras-chave: Direito Internacional; Francisco de Vitória; guerra justa; jus gentium; soberania.AbstractBased on Francisco de Vitória's scholasticism, it´s analyzed the extent to which power-dominance, based on the ethical precepts of natural law, legitimizes sovereignty in the Republic and originates the jus gentium, the basis of the legal principles of public international law. The civil domain is conceptualized with the foundation of civil power in natural reason. The role of authority in the Republic is delimited and the nature of law and the objective of sovereignty are explored based on the State's purpose in the common good. The objective is to understand the need for summa potestas of the community and positive law to be guided by natural law and justice. It is demonstrated the principles of “proportionality of means”, “peaceful settlement of disputes” and “humanitarian intervention” in violations of crimes against humanity. The need for the orb to form a Republic is justified, so that the sovereign authorities are obliged to respect just laws and the jus gentium. The research is qualitative bibliographic, with doctrinal analysis of the scholastic of Francisco de Vitória. It is concluded that power, based on the ethical precepts of natural law, entitles man as a subject of subjective rights, inaugurating the foundations of the legal principles of International Public Law.Keywords: International Law; Francisco de Vitória; just war; jus gentium; sovereignty.
A tutela da privacidade na Suprema Corte norte-americana e no Tribunal Constitucional Federal Alemão: perspectivas para um diálogo constitucional transfronteiriço
Authors: Martins de Araújo Luís Cláudio , Castello Branco de Lacerda Marca da Rocha Luiz Augusto
Published: April 2022

ResumoO artigo tem por objetivo verificar o tratamento conferido ao direito à privacidade na evolução da jurisprudência da Suprema Corte dos EUA e do Tribunal Constitucional Federal da Alemanha, analisando sua compatibilidade com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e discutindo as bases para o uso persuasivo da jurisprudência estrangeira pelos tribunais.Palavras-Chave: Privacidade. Constitucionalismo transfronteiriço. Consistência argumentativa. Diálogos transnacionais Estados Unidos. Alemanha. AbstractThe article aims to verify the treatment given to the right to privacy in the evolution of the jurisprudence of US Supreme Court and in the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, analyzing the compatibility with the Brazilian legal system and discussing the bases for the persuasive use of foreign law by the courts.Keywords: Privacy. Cross-border constitutionalism. Rational consistency. Transnational dialogue. United States. Germany.
Sustainability status of small-scale fisheries resources in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia after reclamation
Authors: Patawari Andi Muhammad Yuslim , ANNA ZUZY , HINDAYANI PURNA , DHAHIYAT YAYAT , HASAN ZAHIDAH , PUTRI INTAN ADHI PERDANA
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Patawari AMY, Anna Z, Hindayani P, Dhahiyat Y, Hasan Z, Putri IAP. 2022. Sustainability status of small-scale fisheries resources in Jakarta Bay, Indonesia after reclamation. Biodiversitas 23: 1715-1725. Reclamation in Jakarta Bay was initially implemented by constructing a giant 60 km long embankment in the area and 17 small islands in front of the coast of North Jakarta, but then it was stopped in 2018. After reclamation closures have affected fishery resources, especially small-scale ones that rely on catchment areas around the coastal waters of Jakarta Bay. To ensure the resource utilization level that meets the needs of the present and future generations, managing sustainably small-scale fish resources is crucial. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of small-scale fisheries in Jakarta Bay after reclamation. The results showed that efforts to manage small-scale fishery resources in the waters of Jakarta Bay-from the dimensions of fisheries, ecological, social, legal and institutional- are in unsustainable conditions. To improve the status, policy makers should consider 16 prioritized attributes on ecology, resource potential, economic, social, legal and institutional.
Identifying the potential geographic distribution for Castanopsis argentea and C. tungurrut (Fagaceae) in the Sumatra Conservation Area Network, Indonesia
Authors: HARAPAN TRY SURYA , NURAINAS NURAINAS , SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI , TAUFIQ AHMAD
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Harapan TS, Nurainas, Syamsuardi, Taufiq A. 2022. Identifying the potential geographic distribution for Castanopsis argentea and Castanopsis tungurrut (Family: Fagaceae) in the Sumatra Conservation Area Network, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1726-1733. Recently, Castanopsis argentea (Blume) A.DC. and Castanopsis tungurrut (Blume) A.DC. have been listed as endangered species by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). For conservation planning, it is important to know the full distribution of species. This study aimed to predict the potential distribution of C. argentea and C. tungurrut using MaxEnt, and understand key factors responsible for the distribution of these species. A total of 53 occurrences and six environmental variables were used to model their distribution. The AUC values of C. argentea and C. tungurrut were 0.86 and 0.91, respectively, and the models suggest the distribution of both species is mainly influenced by elevation, and temperature seasonality for C. tungurrut. The predicted distributions of the species are in the mountains of the western part of Sumatra, and their range includes 12 conservation areas that have highly suitable habitats for both species. After generating the MaxEnt prediction map, we conducted field validation to validate the model predictions. Field surveys in two predicted areas showed that the predicted distribution maps accurately estimated the distribution of C. argentea and C. tungurrut at those localities.
Deep sea squid in Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Pratasik Silvester Benny , Lalamentik Laurentius Th X , Manoppo Lefrand , Budiman Johnny
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Pratasik SB, Lalamentik LTHX, Manoppo L, Budiman J. 2022. Deep sea squid in Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1774-1779. This study aimed to identify one of the deep sea squids caught in artisanal fisheries by traditional fishermen in Sulawesi Sea, North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Samples were collected using the vertical hand line of traditional fishermen. The specimen was identified using Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). For morphometric characteristics, all body parts were measured, and each part was compared with mantle size. Results showed that the specimen was identified as purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis and had 99.35% similarity to S. oualaniensis (CO1) from China (NCBI - MN101944) with sufficient genetic diversity. Based on the body size, species recorded in the present study belong to the dwarf form, the smallest form of S. oualaniensis groups. The species has the following morphometric characteristics: Head length is 0.28 of mantle length, tentacle length is 1.158 of mantle length, and fin area is 0.5 of mantle length. The fourth arm is the shortest and the second arm is the longest. S. oualaniensis recorded in the present study belonged to dwarf form living in equatorial waters. This finding may contribute to the list of marine resources of fisheries in Indonesian waters.
Genetic diversity of Central Javanese duck (Indonesia) based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers
Authors: SUSANTI R. , KARTIKASARI AGUSTIN DIAN , SASI FITRI ARUM , ARLINDA DYKEN DWI
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Susanti R, Kartikasari AD, Sasi FA, Arlinda DD. 2022. Genetic diversity of Central Javanese duck (Indonesia) based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat markers. Biodiversitas 23: 1807-1813. Genetic resources of local livestock need to be documented and conserved to prevent genetic erosion of the germplasm. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in Central Java, Indonesia, based on Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. There were seven types of Central Javanese ducks used in this research. DNA was extracted from feathers samples. To give rise to ISSR profile of duck DNA, 5 different ISSR markers were used. Annealing temperature used in PCR was the result of the optimization. The ISSR-PCR results showed that all primers (100%) were polymorphic. From a total of five ISSR primers, resulted in 44 obvious bands in all duck samples, with 41 (91.78%) bands being polymorphic. The quantity of alleles was numerous from 7-14 polymorphic loci, the mean quantity of alleles according to locus was 8.8, and the average PIC score for the Central Javanese duck was 0.777. The relationship investigation showed that the Central Javanese local duck was clustered into two primary offshoots, one heading to Pengging duck breeds and another one consisting of all other Central Javanese local duck. The genetic diversity among Central Javanese local duck based on ISSR primer was high. The ISSR loci were polymorphic for Central Javanese duck and may be useful for study of genetic diversity and genome evolution of Central Javanese ducks in the future.
Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of food tree availability of hornbills (Bucerotidae) at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia
Authors: FITRIANSYAH RIZKI AKBAR , Setiawan Agus , RUSTIATI ELLY LESTARI , UTOYO LAJI , Sibarani Marsya Christyanti
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Fitriansyah RA, Setiawan A, Rustiati EL, Utoyo L, Sibarani MC. 2022. Spatial distribution and temporal patterns of food tree availability of hornbills (Bucerotidae) at Way Canguk Research Station, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1990-1997. The presence of hornbills in an area is associated with food availability. As more food sources become available, the hornbill population in the area may increase. The purpose of this research was to determine the spatial distribution of hornbill food trees and to determine the long-term temporal fruiting pattern of hornbill food trees at Way Canguk Research Station (WCRS), Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Indonesia. We surveyed vegetation plots across the research station to assess the spatial distribution and analyzed long-term phenology survey data of the research station that have been collected from February 1998 to December 2020. We recorded 64 species of hornbill food trees with a total of 911 individuals in 197 of 200 survey plots. The temporal fruiting pattern of hornbill food trees during the last 22 years was relatively stable, with an average of fruiting tree percentage of 10.4% (SD: 3.2%, N: 260 months). The highest percentage of fruiting food trees occurred in September 2008, which amounted to 18.3% and the lowest percentage occurred in September 1998 with a percentage of 2.2%.
Leaf architectural analysis of taxonomically ambiguous Hoya lacunosa Blume and Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar
Authors: SCOTT HAZEL C. , BUOT JR INOCENCIO E.
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Scott HC, Buot JR IE. 2022. Leaf architectural analysis of taxonomically ambiguous Hoya lacunosa Blume and Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar. Biodiversitas 23: 2055-2065. The horticulturally important Hoya R.Br. species Hoya lacunosa Blume and Hoya krohniana Kloppenb. & Siar are often mistaken for each other because of their generally similar inflorescence morphology. Based on the hypothesis that leaf venation patterns are genetically fixed, leaf architectural analysis was done to determine the difference between these two taxonomically confusing species. Thirty fully expanded leaves were obtained per species from mature plants of H. lacunosa, H. krohniana and an outgroup, H. pubicorolla. Laminar and venation characters were analyzed using standard leaf architecture protocols. Results show that the main distinction lies in their laminar characters, particularly the base angle and base shape. H. lacunosa samples showed acute to obtuse base angles with cuneate and convex leaf bases, while H. krohniana were found to have obtuse reflex base angles with convex, cordate and rounded leaf bases. Analysis of venation characters shows no considerable difference between the patterns seen in H. lacunosa and the patterns observed in H. krohniana. Further investigation of higher vein orders is recommended. Initial comparison of H. lacunosa pollinaria with the photos of H. krohniana pollinaria from its type description show strikingly similar morphology; for this reason, we also recommend floral morphology comparisons, particularly pollinaria morphology to further establish the similarity and delineation of H. lacunosa and H. krohniana.
Phytochemicals, characterization and antimicrobial tests of red betel leaves on three solvent fractions as candidates for endometritis phytotherapy in Aceh cattle, Indonesia
Authors: ARMANSYAH TEUKU , SIREGAR TONGKU NIZWAN , SUHARTONO SUHARTONO , SUTRIANA AMALIA
Published: April 2022

Abstract. Armansyah T, Siregar TN, Suhartono, Sutriana A. 2022. Phytochemicals, characterization and antimicrobial tests of red betel leaves on three solvent fractions as candidates for endometritis phytotherapy in Aceh cattle, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2111-2117. The use of antibiotics to treat endometritis in cattle carries with it some weaknesses in the form of toxicity risks and unexpected side effects. The use of medicinal plants as antimicrobials and immunomodulators has the potential to be an alternative therapy. Red betel leaves could be considered viable candidates for phytotherapy in cattle with endometritis. This study aimed to determine the differences in biological activity and antibacterial ability of red betel leaf through the use of three different solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The highest yield of betel leaf extract was obtained from the ethyl acetate solvent fraction consisting of flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins. The highest biological compounds in red betel leaf identified by GC-MS in n-hexane solvent, ethyl acetate, and ethanol were 5-isobutylidene-N, N-dimethylbarbituric acid, benzenamine, 4,4' - (1,2-ethenediyl) bis-, and 9-octadecadienoic acid, respectively. Among the three solvent fractions of red betel leaf extract, it was observed that ethyl acetate exhibited higher antibacterial activity than hexane and ethanol. Hence, it can be concluded that ethyl acetate extract of red betel leaves solvent has secondary metabolites and better antibacterial potential than ethanol and n-hexane solvents.