bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intraclass Correlations of Measured Magnetic Resonance Imaging Volumes of Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy‐Treated High‐Grade Gliomas
Authors: Noh Thomas , Griffith Brent , Snyder James , Zhou Yuren , Poisson Laila , Lee Ian
Published: June 2019

Background and Objectives

Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive therapeutic option for the treatment of brain tumors. Previous studies have quantitatively followed the ablated volumes of high‐grade gliomas. Reported treatment volumes range from 28% to 100%, with no reported interobserver analysis. Because these volumes are subjectively measured, it is necessary to establish concordance between clinicians.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Utilizing Brainlab tumor analysis software (Brainlab, Munich, Germany), five physician users traced out tumor volumes slice‐by‐slice on 10 treated tumors in eight patients. The participants were briefed with specific instructions and a demonstration on how to trace the enhancing borders of the tumor slice‐by‐slice. Volumes automatically calculated by the Brainlab software included preoperative, intraoperative ablation and postoperative enhancing volumes. Data regarding size, cystic appearance, pathology, previous surgery, and demographics were included.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative volumes was 0.92 (95% confidence interval, [CI] 0.81–0.97), 0.90 (0.77–0.96), and 0.89 (0.74–0.96), respectively. The overall ICC was 0.72 (0.50–0.87). ICC comparisons were also made for each pair of readers (neuroradiologist, neuro‐oncologist, senior neurosurgery resident, neurosurgery junior resident) which resulted in pretreatment ICC scores of 0.97, 0.91, 0.66, 0.94; intratreatment scores of 0.97, 0.78, 0.90, 0.96; and posttreatment scores of 0.96, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.87. A Bland–Altman plot was also used to assess the differences in volumes.

Conclusions

The ICC gives a composite of the consistency of measurements made by multiple observers measuring the same quantity. The overall ICC of 0.72 means there is good correlation between observers in our study between measured volumes. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of rare copy number variations reveals PJA2, APCS, SYNPO, and TAC1 as novel candidate genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Bitar Tania , Hleihel Walid , Marouillat Sylviane , Vonwill Sandrine , Vuillaume Marie‐Laure , Soufia Michel , Vourc'h Patrick , Laumonnier Frederic , Andres Christian R.
Published: June 2019

Background

There is a strong evidence for genetic factors as the main causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). To date, hundreds of genes have been identified either by copy number variations (CNVs) and/or single nucleotide variations. However, despite all the findings, the genetics of these disorders have not been totally explored.

Methods

Thus, the aim of our work was to identify rare CNVs and genes present in these regions in ASD children, using a high‐resolution comparative genomic hybridization technique and quantitative PCR (qPCR) approach.

Results

Our results have shown 60–70 chromosomal aberrations per patient. We have initially selected 66 CNVs that have been further assessed using qPCR. Finally, we have validated 22 CNVs including 11 deletions and 11 duplications. Ten CNVs are de novo, 11 are inherited and one of unknown origin of transmission. Among the CNVs detected, novel ASD candidate genes PJA2, SYNPO, APCS, and TAC1 have been identified in our group of Lebanese patients. In addition, previously described CNVs have been identified containing genes such as SHANK3, MBP, CHL1, and others.

Conclusion

Our study broadens the population spectrum of studied ASD patients and adds new candidates at the list of genes contributing to these disorders.
Supershaped reconfigurable frequency‐selective surfaces using cantilever enable switches
Authors: Kesavan Arun , Mantash Mohamad , Denidni Tayeb A.
Published: July 2019

This letter describes a reconfigurable frequency‐selective surfaces (FSSs) unit cell using cantilever switches resonating at X‐band frequency. The shape of the FSS is inspired by supershaped structures and the arms of the top layer are used as cantilever switches. It allows a transparent band around 10 GHz in one state and a reflective band with high isolation about 40 dB in the other state. A prototype of the proposed FSS was fabricated and measured in a waveguide transmission line.
Operator time‐splitting techniques combined with quintic B‐spline collocation method for the generalized Rosenau–KdV equation
Authors: Kutluay Selçuk , Karta Melike , Yağmurlu Nuri M.
Published: June 2019

In this article, the generalized Rosenau–KdV equation is split into two subequations such that one is linear and the other is nonlinear. The resulting subequations with the prescribed initial and boundary conditions are numerically solved by the first order Lie–Trotter and the second‐order Strang time‐splitting techniques combined with the quintic B‐spline collocation by the help of the fourth order Runge–Kutta (RK‐4) method. To show the accuracy and reliability of the proposed techniques, two test problems having exact solutions are considered. The computed error norms L2 and L∞ with the conservative properties of the discrete mass Q(t) and energy E(t) are compared with those available in the literature. The convergence orders of both techniques have also been calculated. Moreover, the stability analyses of the numerical schemes are investigated.
The association between severe fetal congenital heart defects and placental vascular malperfusion lesions
Authors: Miremberg Hadas , Gindes Liat , Schreiber Letizia , Raucher Sternfeld Alona , Bar Jacob , Kovo Michal
Published: June 2019

Objective

Studies have shown an association between infant with congenital heart defects (CHD) and the risk of preeclampsia. We aimed to characterize placental histopathology from pregnancies who underwent termination of pregnancy (TOP) because of severe CHD.

Methods

This was a case control study. The medical files of all TOPs due to fetal congenital malformations were reviewed. Cases with CHD included hypoplastic left heart, transposition of great arteries, AV canal, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet RV, and coractation of aorta. The controls included TOPs due to congenital central nervous system defects (CNS group) that were matched in a 1:1 ratio, by gestational age and maternal age. Placental lesions were classified to maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion (MVM and FVM) and inflammatory lesions.

Results

Higher rates of any MVM or FVM lesion were observed in placentas from the CHD group (n = 32) as compared with the CNS group (n = 32), 40.6% versus 12.5% respectively, p = .02. As compared with the CNS group, the CHD group had more abnormal coiling of umbilical cord (p = .01).

Conclusion

Placental vascular malperfusion lesions are more common in pregnancies complicated with CHD as compared with CNS malformations. These findings support the hypothesis of similar etiopathogenetic factors, contributing to the development of preeclampsia and CHD.
Uterine artery and umbilical vein blood flow are unaffected by moderate habitual physical activity during pregnancy
Authors: Sussman Dafna , Saini Brahmdeep S. , Schneiderman Jane E. , Spitzer Rachel , Seed Mike , Lye Stephen J. , Wells Greg D.
Published: June 2019

Objective

This study aims to noninvasively quantify blood flow in the uterine arteries (UTAs) and umbilical vein (UV) using phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) and test whether these correlate with maternal fitness parameters.

Method

Resting UTA and UV flows were measured in 23 healthy 30 ± 3‐year‐old women who engaged in moderate‐intensity physical activity during pregnancy. Participant fitness was characterized in the second and third trimesters using the submaximal oxygen uptake (VO2) test measuring heart rate (HR), VO2, ventilation (ventilatory equivalent [VE]/VO2), and the Borg rating of perceived exertion (respiratory quotient [RQ]). Linear regression models were used to determine the associations between blood flow and maternal fitness measures.

Results

Blood flows in the UTA (957 ± 241 mL/min) and UV (132 ± 38 mL/min/kg) were successfully measured in 20 (87%) participants. Neither was associated with any physical fitness parameters (HR, VO2, VE/VO2, and RQ) nor with any second‐to‐third trimester change in these parameters.

Conclusion

PC‐MRI can be used to noninvasively measure blood flow in the UTA and UV. Neither resting UTA nor UV flow is associated with maternal fitness parameters. This is the first MRI–based study to provide novel hemodynamic data suggesting decoupling between maternal moderate fitness level and the maternal‐placental‐fetal hemodynamic system in healthy, normal body mass index (BMI) pregnancies.
Dynamic stress‐stiffening of carbon black‐filled vulcanizates
Authors: Zhang Yuanhong , Wang Baojin , Zhang Lin , Zhou Hongbin
Published: June 2019

Dynamic stress‐stiffening was investigated under relatively low deformation for the vulcanizates reinforced with carbon black. When dynamic strain sweep with fixed strain amplitude was imposed on samples, storage modulus and loss modulus were significantly increased and loss tangent and loss compliance remained unchanged. It was found that stress‐stiffening effect showed a strong dependence on aging time, frequency, as well as oscillatory strain magnitude. At 60°C, the strain‐aged vulcanizate produced a significant stress‐stiffening effect whereas the material hardening was not observed at 0°C. The increased Payne effect after cyclic deformations can be destroyed partially by dynamic strain sweeps. These features are quite different from the Mullins effect and dynamic stress‐softening effect in filled rubbers. We interpreted this character of filled vulcanizates in much developed carbon black agglomerates and other possible superstructures. The results provide new insight into understanding the relationship between the rolling resistance of tires and lab‐tested dynamic property. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:1743–1752, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of the weight ratio of polydimethylsiloxane modified gelatin to silicone rubber on the potential performance of asymmetric bilayer membranes as wound dressings
Authors: Du Weining , Zhang Zetian , Li Zhengjun
Published: June 2019

Asymmetric bilayer membranes have been regarded as ideal wound dressings for skin regeneration. Our previous work reported the potential advantages of polydimethylsiloxane modified gelatin/silicone rubber (PGE/SR) asymmetric bilayer membrane as a wound dressing. However, it is still unknown whether the proportion of the two components of the bilayer membrane has a prominent influence on its relevant performance. Herein, various PGE/SR membranes with different PGE:SR weight ratios (100:25, 100:50 and 100:100) were fabricated through a self‐stratification method driven by surface tension gradients. Subsequently, the effects of the PGE:SR ratios on the relevant performance (i.e. porous structure, mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility) of PGE/SR membranes were systematically investigated. The current results demonstrate that the separating force between the PGE and SR components was reduced significantly on increasing the content of SR, and in particular the PGE/SR1 membrane (100:25) exhibited a well‐defined asymmetric bilayer structure with high porosity, appropriate toughness, water uptake, swelling ratio and water permeability. Concomitantly, the maximum weight loss for the PGE/SR1 membrane was ca 70.65% after 9 days of enzymatic degradation, which met the typical healing period of a normal skin wound. In addition, both the original and degraded PGE/SR1 membrane possessed favorable cytocompatibility in vitro, suggesting its potential application as a wound dressing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Schiff base as a novel kind of catalyst for reversible complexation‐mediated radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Li Bin , Shi Yan , Fu Zhifeng
Published: June 2019

Two kinds of Schiff base, N,N′‐dibenzylidene‐1,2‐diaminoethane (NDBE) and N,N′‐disalicylidene‐1,2‐diaminoethane, have been found as efficient organic catalyst for reversible complexation‐mediated radical polymerization (RCMP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) for the first time. The polymerization results show obvious features of “living”/controlled radical polymerization. Well‐defined and low‐polydispersity polymers (Mw/Mn = 1.20–1.40) are obtained in RCMP of MMA catalyzed by Schiff base at mild temperature (65–80°C). Moreover, Schiff base also exhibits a particularly high reactivity for RCMP of MMA with in situ formed alkyl iodide initiator. The polymer molecular weight and its polydispersity (Mw/Mn is around 1.20) are well controlled even with high monomer conversion. Notably, when the dosage of azo initiator is same as the dosage of iodine, the polymerization could also be realized in the presence of NDBE. The living feature of synthesized polymer is confirmed through the chain extension experiment. In short, Schiff base is a kind of high‐efficient catalyst for RCMP and reverse RCMP of MMA, which can be one of the most powerful and robust techniques for polymer synthesis. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1653–1663
Iodonium sulfonates as high‐performance coinitiators and additives for CQ‐based systems: Toward aromatic amine‐free photoinitiating systems
Authors: Kirschner Julie , Szillat Florian , Bouzrati‐Zerelli Mariem , Becht Jean‐Michel , Klee Joachim E. , Lalevée Jacques
Published: June 2019

Iodonium sulfonates are proposed here as a new class of high‐performance coinitiators for camphorquinone (CQ)‐based systems for the polymerization of methacrylates under blue light irradiation. When combined with CQ, the new proposed coinitiators present excellent polymerization performances and are excellent candidates for the replacement of tertiary aromatic amines subjected to toxicological concerns in the well‐established CQ/amine photoinitiating system (PIS). Remarkably, good bleaching properties are obtained after polymerization. The use of the new PIS for dental adhesives is also investigated. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1664–1669
Search for the Smoking Gun: Identifying and Addressing the Causes of Postrelease Morbidity and Mortality of Hatchery‐Reared Snake River Sockeye Salmon Smolts
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Larsen Donald A. , Middleton Mollie A. , Jakaitis Michelle , Johnson Eric L. , Kozfkay Christine C. , Kline Paul A.
Published: July 2019

As part of the Snake River Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka recovery effort, a dedicated smolt rearing facility was constructed in 2013 near Springfield, Idaho. In‐hatchery performance and survival were typical for the species, but unexpectedly high mortality rates were observed in the first cohorts of Springfield‐reared smolts upon release into Redfish Lake Creek (RFLC) and during out‐migration. In response, a series of iterative experiments was conducted to identify the cause of the morbidity and mortality observed and to test a range of strategies to mitigate effects on postrelease survival. In the search for possible contributing factors, a difference in water chemistry was noted: whereas Springfield Hatchery's water source is “hard” and has high calcium concentrations, water at the RFLC release site is “soft” and has very low calcium concentrations. In both manipulative experiments and field evaluations, we demonstrated that juvenile Snake River Sockeye Salmon are profoundly affected by instantaneous transitions from high‐ to low‐hardness water. Furthermore, we established a causal link between differences in water chemistry, the associated physiological stress, and morbidity/mortality observed during smolt releases and subsequent out‐migration. A variety of mitigation strategies, including water mixing and water softening, was tested, but stepwise acclimation from high‐ to medium‐hardness water and then from medium‐ to low‐hardness water proved to be the most biologically and logistically effective means of addressing the identified water chemistry differences. Estimates of postrelease survival to Lower Granite Dam (~430 river kilometers downstream) indicated significantly higher survival for acclimated groups (68.7–75.5%) compared to smolts directly released into RFLC (18.1%). Although Snake River Sockeye Salmon smolt survival rates will undoubtedly fluctuate annually with environmental conditions, it is clear that the elevated morbidity and mortality observed in previous years can be addressed through proper acclimation of smolts prior to release.
Metal‐4,4′‐azobis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole) Complexes with Seven‐ and Nine‐membered Hydrogen‐bonded Rings Originating from the Pyrrolic NH Function
Authors: Millan Simon , Makhloufi Gamall , Janiak Christoph
Published: July 2019

The metal complexes [Cu(NO3)2(H2O)2(H2azbpz)2]·2H2O (1) and [Ni(H2O)4(H2azbpz)2](NO3)2·2H2O (2) of 4,4′‐azobis(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazole) (H2azbpz) incorporate the bipyrazole as a monodentate ligand and are associated into supramolecular architectures by hydrogen bonds and azo‐pz π interactions in the solid state. In 1 a cis configuration is integrated and the NH function adjacent to the metal‐coordinating nitrogen atom gives rise to a seven‐membered anion‐assisted hydrogen‐bonded ring around the central metal atom bringing the NH function in endo‐position to the azo‐bridge. The interplay of hydrogen‐bonds and dimeric azo‐pz π interactions in 1 forms one‐dimensional supramolecular chains, which are further interconnected by a heterodromic D2h symmetric tetrameric water ring. In 2 a trans form of H2azbpz is mono‐coordinated and the synergy of hydrogen‐bonded rings around the central metal atom and continuous azo‐pz π interactions form a two‐dimensional supramolecular network structure. The supramolecular packings of 1 and 2 is further underpinned by the analysis of their Hirshfeld surface areas.
Quantifying gendered participation in OpenStreetMap: responding to theories of female (under) representation in crowdsourced mapping
Authors: Gardner Z. , Mooney P. , De Sabbata S. , Dowthwaite L.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the results of an exploratory quantitative analysis of gendered contributions to the online mapping project OpenStreetMap (OSM), in which previous research has identified a strong male participation bias. On these grounds, theories of representation in volunteered geographic information (VGI) have argued that this kind of crowdsourced data fails to embody the geospatial interests of the wider community. The observed effects of the bias however, remain conspicuously absent from discourses of VGI and gender, which proceed with little sense of impact. This study addresses this void by analysing OSM contributions by gender and thus identifies differences in men’s and women’s mapping practices. An online survey uniquely captured the OSM IDs as well as the declared gender of 293 OSM users. Statistics relating to users’ editing and tagging behaviours openly accessible via the ‘how did you contribute to OSM’ wiki page were subsequently analysed. The results reveal that volumes of overall activity as well editing and tagging actions in OSM remain significantly dominated by men. They also indicate subtle but impactful differences in men’s and women’s preferences for modifying and creating data, as well as the tagging categories to which they contribute. Discourses of gender and ICT, gender relations in online VGI environments and competing motivational factors are implicated in these observations. As well as updating estimates of the gender participation bias in OSM, this paper aims to inform and stimulate subsequent discourses of gender and representation towards a new rationale for widening participation in VGI.
The limitations of inertial frame spacetime functionalism
Authors: Read James , Menon Tushar
Published: June 2019

For Knox, ‘spacetime’ is to be defined functionally, as that which picks out a structure of local inertial frames. Assuming that Knox is motivated to construct this functional definition of spacetime on the grounds that it appears to identify that structure which plays theoperationalrole of spacetime—i.e., that structure which is actually surveyed by physical rods and clocks built from matter fields—we identify in this paper important limitations of her approach: these limitations are based upon the fact that there is a gap between inertial frame structure and that which is operationally significant in the above sense. We present five concrete cases in which these two notions come apart, before considering various ways in which Knox’s spacetime functionalism might be amended in light of these issues.
Evaluation of Photosynthetic and Yield Traits in Ten Potato Clones and Cultivars Under Farming Conditions in Poland
Authors: Keutgen Anna J. , Keutgen Norbert , Wszelaczyńska Elżbieta , Pobereżny Jarosław , Milczarek Dorota , Tatarowska Beata , Flis Bogdan
Published: July 2019

Photosynthetic properties and tuber yield were compared in seven tetraploid potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) clones (‘13-VIII-10’, ‘13-VIII-27’, ‘13-VIII-45’, ‘13-VIII-49’, ‘13-VIII-50’, ‘13-VIII-60’, ‘TG-97-403’) and three cultivars (‘Jelly’, ‘Satina’, ‘Tajfun’) at four localities in Poland under either integrated (Młochów, Boguchwała) or organic (Radzików, Chwałowice) fertilisation conditions applying the ‘OJIP’ analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics. The yield-relevant parameters of leaf pigment content and chlorophyll fluorescence were used to rank the tested clones and cultivars applying multidimensional comparative analysis. The results indicate that the clones 13-VIII-10 and 13-VIII-45 cannot be recommended for cultivation, while cv. Taifun performed the best. The assessment of the efficiency of the light reactions of photosynthesis produced a different ranking, indicating that the efficiency is not related to yield, but characterises the balance between light harvesting and dark reactions of photosynthesis. In this respect, the light reactions of photosynthesis were least balanced in clone 13-VIII-49 and cv. Jelly while those of cv. Taifun and clone 13-VIII-60 were the best. The effect of the production system was of minor significance for tuber yield, but local factors dominated. Only in the case of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid (Car) contents of leaves did an effect of the production system became evident, favouring integrated over organic cultivation. By contrast, most of the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were controlled by soil nitrogen content, including maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (φP0) and the absolute and total performance indices (PIAbs, PITotal). Within a production system precipitation affected the ratio Car/total Chl content.
Information seeking behavior on Facebook: The role of censorship endorsement and personality
Authors: Kaspar Kai , Müller-Jensen Moritz
Published: June 2019

Facebook started as a platform intended for connecting people but it has developed into a rich information source. Based on the uses-and-gratification approach, we examined to what extent censorship endorsement and personality factors can explain information seeking behavior on Facebook. 1525 German-speaking Facebook users participated in a cross-sectional survey. Censorship endorsement, three personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism, and openness), age, and gender served as predictors in blockwise regression models. Participants’ information seeking behavior on Facebook served as the criterion variable, whereby we examined different behavioral strategies. Overall, the extent of one’s endorsement of censorship was positively and reliably related to different facets of information seeking. Apparently, censorship might be considered a protection measure to establish a decent communication and information space. In contrast, personality traits were inconsistently related to different facets of information seeking. Extraversion and neuroticism were positively related to information seeking in general, but their impact was absent on some subscales. The effects of age and gender differed from what has been found in previous studies. Overall, the results highlight the necessity of a more differentiated perspective on social media use, provide implications for uses-and-gratification research in the context of social media, and indicate interesting venues for future research by incorporating censorship attitude as a hitherto neglected factor.
The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Reported Behaviors of Oncology Physicians Regarding Fertility Preservation in Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Hanfeng , Wang Guorong , Jiang Bin , Cao Maoqiu , Jiang Qinghua , Yin Li , Fu Bencui , Zhang Jian
Published: June 2019

There is a growing concern about the fertility preservation for adult cancer patients of reproductive age. Very little literature exists about fertility preservation of cancer survivors in Chinese text. This study is first to describe the knowledge level, attitude, and practice behaviors among physicians concerning fertility preservation in adult cancer patients in China. A cross-sectional survey with 30-item was conducted to assess Chinese oncology physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding fertility issues. Of 360 oncology physicians, 206 (57.2%) submitted valid questionnaires. With possible overall scores for knowledge and attitude of 9 and 15, respectively, physicians’ responses to the questionnaires were 3.91 ± 1.67 and 12.29 ± 1.23. Only 49.5% of physicians routinely informed their cancer patients of childbearing age about the risk of infertility with cancer treatment. The knowledge score of the men physicians was 2-fold that of the women. Physicians aged 20–29 years were significantly more likely than other age groups to prioritize cancer treatment over fertility concerns. Men physicians were significantly more comfortable than the women discussing fertility preservation issues and cooperating with fertility specialists. The oncology physicians in China had limited knowledge of fertility preservation and rarely discussed these issues with their patients, although their attitude was positive. Results suggest that oncology physicians would welcome an in-house fertility-related training program.

Key Messages

This is the first study to address the topic of fertility preservation as it relates to the care that oncologists provide to cancer patients in China. These results revealed the importance of providing fertility-related training program to oncology physicians. Moreover, this study should provide useful information for other Asian countries, and highlight both the similarities and differences between China and Western countries concerning the reproductive rights of patients. This study should encourage international cooperation with institutions of scientific research and education.
The Western Necropolis of Cyrene: the Wadi Belghadir road
Authors: Di Valerio Eugenio
Published: July 2019

The Western Necropolis represents one of the most monumental and spectacular sections of the Cyrene cemeteries, with rock-cut monuments, still quite well preserved, along a funerary road. The earliest examples of monumental tombs in this context date to the second half of the sixth and the beginning of the fifth centuries BC, with tombs displaying rock-cut porticos in Doric, Aeolic or Ionic styles, and with the slightly later tombs having architectonic facades characterized by false ‘contracted’ porticos and overhanging lintels ending with twoacroteria, mainly dating to the fifth century. The fourth century and the Hellenistic age, in this section of the necropolis, is attested by rock-cut chamber tombs, often with painted Doric friezes, and loculi. In Roman times, apart from a few examples of new tombs, most of the Roman funerary monuments reuse earlier tombs or are tombs that have been in constant use from previous periods. These phenomena of transformation and reuse of earlier monuments are quite well know for Cyrene, but are more evident from the middle and late imperial period; in later periods we even see the total re-functionalization of the monument. The monumental appearance of the Western Necropolis and its location in a quite remote area, are unfortunately the main reasons for the destruction of the tombs, which have been quite heavily looted: marble statues, busts and portraits have particularly suffered.
Implementing a Library for Probabilistic Programming Using Non-strict Non-determinism
Authors: DYLUS SANDRA , CHRISTIANSEN JAN , TEEGEN FINN
Published: July 2019

This paper presentsPFLP, a library for probabilistic programming in the functional logic programming language Curry. It demonstrates how the concepts of a functional logic programming language support the implementation of a library for probabilistic programming. In fact, the paradigms of functional logic and probabilistic programming are closely connected. That is, language characteristics from one area exist in the other and vice versa. For example, the concepts of non-deterministic choice and call-time choice as known from functional logic programming are related to and coincide with stochastic memoization and probabilistic choice in probabilistic programming, respectively. We will further see that an implementation based on the concepts of functional logic programming can have benefits with respect to performance compared to a standard list-based implementation and can even compete with full-blown probabilistic programming languages, which we illustrate by several benchmarks.
Consistency Evaluation of Precipitable Water Vapor Derived From ERA5, ERA‐Interim, GNSS, and Radiosondes Over China
Authors: Zhang Yonglin , Cai Changsheng , Chen Biyan , Dai Wujiao
Published: June 2019

As an important component of atmosphere, water vapor is highly involved in the global water cycle and energy exchange. To date, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and radiosonde techniques have been widely used to detect the water vapor content in the atmosphere. Recently, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has released the latest reanalysis data set, namely, ECMWF Re‐Analysis (ERA5), whose temporal and spatial resolutions have a significant improvement over its previous‐generation product of ERA‐Interim. This study aims to assess the consistency of precipitable water vapors (PWVs) derived from ERA5, ERA‐Interim, GNSS, and radiosondes during the entire year of 2017. The GNSS‐derived PWVs were obtained at 41 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China stations, while the radiosonde‐derived PWVs were acquired at the adjacent 41 radiosonde stations. The nationwide PWVs derived from the ERA5 and ERA‐Interim show root‐mean‐square (RMS) errors of 1.8 and 2.1 mm with respect to the GNSS PWVs and 2.7 and 2.8 mm with respect to the radiosonde PWVs, respectively. Besides, the RMS errors exhibit significant regional and seasonal differences. The nationwide relative RMS of the ERA5‐ and ERA‐Interim‐derived PWVs are 11.1% and 13.4% with respect to the GNSS PWVs and 16.2% and 17.8% with respect to the radiosonde PWVs, respectively. The relative RMS values show significant difference between the east and west sides of Hu line across China. Furthermore, the nationwide PWVs are obtained using GNSS data sets at over 200 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China stations to compare with the ERA5‐derived PWVs in China. Results indicate that the spatial distribution of the PWVs derived from the two data sources is quite consistent, suggesting a great application prospect of the ERA5 products in China.
Contrails’ Climate Impact Could Triple by 2050
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: June 2019

Contrail cirrus clouds have warmed the atmosphere more than all the carbon dioxide from planes since the dawn of aviation and will do so even more in the future.
Spirits Are Flying High for Dragonfly and Titan
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: June 2019

We’re sending a mission back to Titan, and it’s time to celebrate.
Segmentation of Rifts Through Structural Inheritance: Creation of the Davis Strait
Authors: Heron P. J. , Peace A. L. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Welford J. K. , Wilson R. , van Hunen J. , Pysklywec R. N.
Published: July 2019

Mesozoic‐Cenozoic rifting between Greenland and North America created the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, while leaving preserved continental lithosphere in the Davis Strait, which lies between them. Inherited crustal structures from a Palaeoproterozoic collision have been hypothesized to account for the tectonic features of this rift system. However, the role of mantle lithosphere heterogeneities in continental suturing has not been fully explored. Our study uses 3‐D numerical models to analyze the role of crustal and subcrustal heterogeneities in controlling deformation. We implement continental extension in the presence of mantle lithosphere suture zones and deformed crustal structures and present a suite of models analyzing the role of local inheritance related to the region. In particular, we investigate the respective roles of crust and mantle lithospheric scarring during an evolving stress regime in keeping with plate tectonic reconstructions of the Davis Strait. Numerical simulations, for the first time, can reproduce first‐order features that resemble the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay continental margins, and ocean basins. The positioning of a mantle lithosphere suture, hypothesized to exist from ancient orogenic activity, produces a more appropriate tectonic evolution of the region than the previously proposed crustal inheritance. Indeed, the obliquity of the continental mantle suture with respect to extension direction is shown here to be important in the preservation of the Davis Strait. Mantle lithosphere heterogeneities are often overlooked as a control of crustal‐scale deformation. Here, we highlight the subcrust as an avenue of exploration in the understanding of rift system evolution.
Is plasticity of synapses the mechanism of long-term memory storage?
Authors: Abraham Wickliffe C. , Jones Owen D. , Glanzman David L.
Published: July 2019

It has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic adaptation during learning. Hebb’s seminal work foreshadowed some of the great neuroscientific discoveries of the following decades, including the discovery of long-term potentiation and other lasting forms of synaptic plasticity, and more recently the residence of memories in synaptically connected neuronal assemblies. Our understanding of the processes underlying learning and memory has been dominated by the view that synapses are the principal site of information storage in the brain. This view has received substantial support from research in several model systems, with the vast majority of studies on the topic corroborating a role for synapses in memory storage. Yet, despite the neuroscience community’s best efforts, we are still without conclusive proof that memories reside at synapses. Furthermore, an increasing number of non-synaptic mechanisms have emerged that are also capable of acting as memory substrates. In this review, we address the key findings from the synaptic plasticity literature that make these phenomena such attractive memory mechanisms. We then turn our attention to evidence that questions the reliance of memory exclusively on changes at the synapse and attempt to integrate these opposing views.
Systematic discovery of conservation states for single-nucleotide annotation of the human genome
Authors: Arneson Adriana , Ernst Jason
Published: July 2019

Comparative genomics sequence data is an important source of information for interpreting genomes. Genome-wide annotations based on this data have largely focused on univariate scores or binary elements of evolutionary constraint. Here we present a complementary whole genome annotation approach, ConsHMM, which applies a multivariate hidden Markov model to learn de novo ‘conservation states’ based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multiple species DNA sequence alignment. We applied ConsHMM to a 100-way vertebrate sequence alignment to annotate the human genome at single nucleotide resolution into 100 conservation states. These states have distinct enrichments for other genomic information including gene annotations, chromatin states, repeat families, and bases prioritized by various variant prioritization scores. Constrained elements have distinct heritability partitioning enrichments depending on their conservation state assignment. ConsHMM conservation states are a resource for analyzing genomes and genetic variants.
Bottom-up and top-down profiling of pentosan polysulfate
Authors: Lin Lei , Yu Yanlei , Zhang Fuming , Xia Ke , Zhang Xing , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: July 2019

Pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a semi-synthetic glycosaminoglycan (GAG) mimetic, is profiled by bottom-up and top-down analysis.
A dual-mode colorimetric sensor based on copper nanoparticles for the detection of mercury-(ii) ions
Authors: Li Qiang , Wu Feng , Mao Mao , Ji Xiang , Wei Luyao , Li Jieying , Ma Lan
Published: June 2019

A dual-mode colorimetric method based on copper nanoparticles was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of mercury(ii) ions
DNA-nanohydrogel self-assembled gold nanoparticles: co-profiling of multiple small molecule reductants in rat brain
Authors: Mao Jinpeng , Wang Shujun , Ji Wenliang , Zhang Meining
Published: July 2019

DNA nanohydrogel self-assembled AuNPs were established for small molecule reductant profiling in rat brain.
Self-assembling outside equilibrium: emergence of structures mediated by dissipation
Authors: Arango-Restrepo A. , Barragán D. , Rubi J. M.
Published: July 2019

Self-assembly under non-equilibrium conditions may give rise to the formation of structures not available at equilibrium.
Superatomic nature of alkaline earth metal–water complexes: the cases of Be(H2O)0,+4 and Mg(H2O)0,+6
Authors: Ariyarathna Isuru R. , Miliordos Evangelos
Published: July 2019

Beryllium– and magnesium–water complexes are shown to accommodate peripheral electrons around their Be2+(H2O)4 and Mg2+(H2O)6 cores in hydrogenic type orbitals.
Noble gas dimers confined inside C70
Authors: Gómez Sara , Restrepo Albeiro
Published: July 2019

The potential energy surfaces for the interior rotation of a series of pairs of noble gas atoms encapsulated in the C70 cavity have been explored.
The rich conformational landscape of perillyl alcohol revealed by broadband rotational spectroscopy and theoretical modelling
Authors: Xie Fan , Seifert Nathan A. , Heger Matthias , Thomas Javix , Jäger Wolfgang , Xu Yunjie
Published: July 2019

We explore the conformational landscape of perillyl alcohol in order to properly account for the sources of the conformers observed.
Exploiting 1,4-naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone motifs as anion binding sites by hydrogen or halogen-bonding interactions
Authors: Navarro-García Encarnación , Velasco María D. , Zapata Fabiola , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Ramírez de Arellano Carmen , Caballero Antonio
Published: July 2019

1,4-Naphthoquinone and 3-iodo-1,4-naphthoquinone have been explored as hydrogen- or halogen-binding sites for anions integrated in ester based receptors which selectively recognize sulfate anions.
gem-Dibromovinyl boron dipyrrins: synthesis, spectral properties and crystal structures
Authors: Ali Hasrat , Guérin Brigitte , van Lier Johan E.
Published: July 2019

New asymmetric/symmetric BODIPY derivatives, bearinggem-dibromovinyl substituents were synthesized and studied for their absorption, fluorescence, solvatochromism, X-ray crystallography and Hirshfeld surface analysis to determine molecular structures.
Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of Mg–Al co-doped Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials
Authors: Liang Youwei , Li Shiyou , Xie Jing , Yang Li , Li Wenbo , Li Chunlei , Ai Ling , Fu Xiaolan , Cui Xiaoling , Shangguan Xuehui
Published: July 2019

A novel synergistic strategy to improve electrochemical performance of Li-rich cathode by co-doping of magnesium and aluminium.
Isomorphic substitution in molecular crystals and geometry of hypervalent tellurium: comments inspired by a case study of RMeTeI2 and [RMe2Te]+I− (R = Ph, Fc)
Authors: Torubaev Yury V. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Skabitsky Ivan V. , Popova Alexandra E.
Published: July 2019

Unusual isomorphic substitution in the crystals of [FcMe2Te]+I− with an admixture of Te–I ionized [FcMeTeI+]I− supports the 3c-4e as a general, seamless bonding model for the hypervalent tellurium in both the isolated molecules and crystals.
Boron-doped graphitic carbon nitride as a novel fluorescent probe for mercury(ii) and iron(iii): a circuit logic gate mimic
Authors: Boorboor Azimi Elham , Badiei Alireza , Jafari Maryam , Banitalebi Dehkordi Ali , Ghasemi Jahan B. , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi
Published: July 2019

Boron-g-C3N4 was applied as a novel practical fluorescent probe to detect mercury and ferric ions in real samples.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of SnSe thin films grown by single-target magnetron sputtering
Authors: Song Lirong , Zhang Jiawei , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt
Published: June 2019

SnSe thin films were successfully grown using single-target magnetron sputtering. The SnSe thin film annealed at 700 K exhibits superior thermoelectric performance compared with previously reported SnSe films and polycrystalline SnSe bulk material.
Porous NiTiO3/TiO2nanostructures for photocatatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Xing Congcong , Liu Yongpeng , Zhang Yu , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Ting , Tang Pengyi , Arbiol Jordi , Soler Lluís , Sivula Kevin , Guijarro Néstor , Wang Xiang , Li Junshan , Du Ruifeng , Zuo Yong , Cabot Andreu , Llorca Jordi
Published: June 2019

Porous NiTiO3/TiO2heterostructures prepared from the annealing in air of TiO2 : Ni nanoneedle bundles displayed excellent photocatalytic activity toward hydrogen generation.
Superflexible C68-graphyne as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Bozhao , Jia Xiangzheng , Wang Yanlei , Hu Jinxi , Gao Enlai , Liu Ze
Published: June 2019

A new graphyne with high stability, excellent flexibility and carrier mobility is theoretically predicted as a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries with high capacity.
Enhanced constraint and catalysed conversion of lithium polysulfides via composite oxides from spent layered cathodes
Authors: Yin Wenze , Wu Zhenguo , Tian Wen , Chen Yanxiao , Xiang Wei , Feng Guilin , Li Yongchun , Wu Chunjin , Xu Chunliu , Bai Changjiang , Zhong Benhe , Wang Xinlong , Zhang Jun , He Fengrong , Alshehri Abdulmohsen Ali , Guo Xiaodong
Published: June 2019

Intergrown multi-phase composite oxides are critical for LiPS adsorption.
Self-powered visible-blind UV photodetectors based on p-NiO nanoflakes/n-ZnO nanorod arrays with an MgO interfacial layer
Authors: Wei Chengtai , Xu Jianping , Shi Shaobo , Cao Rui , Chen Jing , Dong Hong , Zhang Xiaosong , Yin Shougen , Li Lan
Published: June 2019

ZnO NRs and NiO nanoflakes were prepared by chemical bath deposition and the self-powered UV PDs based on NiO/ZnO NRs heterojunctions were fabricated. The suitable MgO insertion layer can effectively improve the performance of UV PDs.
Atlas-Based Tongue Muscle Correlation Analysis From Tagged and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Xing Fangxu , Stone Maureen , Goldsmith Tessa , Prince Jerry L. , El Fakhri Georges , Woo Jonghye
Published: July 2019

Purpose

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles in healthy and diseased populations vary both in their intra- and intersubject behaviors during speech. Identifying coordination patterns among various tongue muscles can provide insights into speech motor control and help in developing new therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies.

Method

We present a method to analyze multisubject tongue muscle correlation using motion patterns in speech sound production. Motion of muscles is captured using tagged magnetic resonance imaging and computed using a phase-based deformation extraction algorithm. After being assembled in a common atlas space, motions from multiple subjects are extracted at each individual muscle location based on a manually labeled mask using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and a vocal tract atlas. Motion correlation between each muscle pair is computed within each labeled region. The analysis is performed on a population of 16 control subjects and 3 post–partial glossectomy patients.

Results

The floor-of-mouth (FOM) muscles show reduced correlation comparing to the internal tongue muscles. Patients present a higher amount of overall correlation between all muscles and exercise en bloc movements.

Conclusions

Correlation matrices in the atlas space show the coordination of tongue muscles in speech sound production. The FOM muscles are weakly correlated with the internal tongue muscles. Patients tend to use FOM muscles more than controls to compensate for their postsurgery function loss.
Towards energy efficient relay deployment in multi‐user LTE‐A networks
Authors: AboHashish Sara M.M. , Rizk Rawya Y. , Zaki Fayez W.
Published: June 2019

Communication using relay node (RN) cooperation is attractive research interest since it supports wide area coverage and high data rates. RNdeployment problem in multiple users long‐term evolution‐advanced (LTE‐A) network is a challenging issue. In this article, the RN deployment problem for a single carrier‐frequency division multiple access uplink system is considered. The total energy efficiency (EE) and average EE for multi‐user single‐relay in the LTE‐A network are considered as the performance measures to select the optimum position of RN. Two types of users are deployed: guaranteed bit rate and non‐guaranteed bit rate when performing load balancing that can influence the selection of the optimum position of RN. Simulation results show that the EE is increased by 10% based on load balancing compared to unbalanced loaded network. The optimum position of RN at 75% of a cell radius towards the cell edge can significantly improve the EE.
H‐Infinity versus model predictive control methods for seamless transition between islanded‐ and grid‐connected modes of microgrids
Authors: Sedhom Bishoy E. , El‐Saadawi Magdi M. , Hatata Ahmed Y. , Abd‐Raboh El‐Hosaini E.
Published: June 2019

This study presents two proposed adaptive and intelligent control schemes for accurately adjusting the MG voltage and frequency in islanded mode and ensuring the seamless transition between islanded and grid‐connected modes. The two proposed controllers are based on improving the performance of the droop control method depending on H‐infinity and model predictive control methods. However, when the MG connected to the utility grid, the MG is related to the grid voltage and frequency and the active and reactive power transfer is adjusted using the P/Q control method. Firstly, this study presents a comprehensive review of the commonly used control schemes in MGs. Then, the structure of the two proposed controllers is described and the Simulink model is presented. The controller is applied to an MG test system to validate its capability to meet requirements. In addition, a comparison between the two proposed controllers is made based on the integral of square error (ISE), integral of absolute error (IAE), and integral time‐weighted absolute error (ITAE). The results prove that the two proposed control schemes have the ability to adjust the MG in its two operating modes and also provide a seamless transfer between the islanded and grid‐connected modes of MGs.