bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of oral contraceptive on the oral health with the evaluation of Salivary IgA and Streptococcus Mutans in some Iraqi women
Authors: Abd-Ali Dr. Esra Hassan , Shaker Dr. Nebal Thabit
Published: August 2022

Aim: To assess if there is any effect of using oral contraceptive and the duration ofusing on the inflammatory responses of the gingival tissues , concentration ofsecretary immunoglobulin A ( IgA) and the colony count of mutansStreptococcusMS in saliva .Methods: This study includes 80 women in their reproductive age (16-40) year. 40women who were using oral contraceptive in different duration, as the study groupand 40 women who not used oral contraceptive and it were assigned to the controlgroup. Both groups were clinically examined (for dental caries using DMFSIndex, and gingival condition using gingival index GI of Loe&Silness ) andlaboratory assessment (by using non stimulated saliva for each woman wascollected and homogenized then Mutans Streptococci (MS) were counted,isolated, purified and diagnosed according to morphological characteristic andbiochemical tests also, the Salivary IgA concentration was measured by usingsingle radial immune diffusion method in different duration of oral contraceptiveusing ).Results: Gingival index was significantly higher among oral contraceptive users thannon-users (P<0.01), which was correlated with the duration of usage (r=0.50).sIgA concentration higher in study group than in control group (P<0.01)which also increased positively with duration of using(r=0.80). A positivecorrelation between sIgA and gingivitis (r=0.54) was found. DMFS Index and thenumber of MS colony were highly significant in study group than the control(P<0.01). MS colony count was positive correlated with duration of usage(r=0.88) but the DMFS had too weak correlation with the duration of using whichwas a non significant at (P>0.05).Conclusion: The use of contraceptive pills for a long period increases the likelihoodof gingival inflammation and significantly associated with increase sIgA level, sothe regular use of oral contraceptive seems to enhance mucosal immune functionin study subjects.
Comparisons the microhardness of different cured acrylic denture base systems after subjected to chemical cleaning solutions
Authors: Aziz Dr. Hawraa Khalid
Published: August 2022

In selecting chemical cleaning solutions for dental prostheses, compatibilitybetween them and the type of denture base materials must be considered to avoidadverse effects on the hardness of the acrylic resin in different curing systems. Thisstudy aimed to compare the effect of different disinfectant and denture cleanser on thesurface hardness of the light and heat cured acrylic resin materials. Eighty specimensare made from two different denture base materials. Forty specimens are made oflight cured acrylic and forty specimens are made of heat cured acrylic resin. Eachmaterial is subdivided into four subgroups according to the type of the disinfectant(0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite), the denture cleansers(Corega) and compared to the distilled water as control group. The surface hardnesstest is measured for each specimen to show the effect of each chemical cleaningsolution on the light and heat cured denture base hardness. The results of the presentstudy showed non significant differences in the surface hardness comparing betweenthe two curing systems light and heat cured acrylic resin. Also there are nonsignificant differences in the surface hardness when different disinfectant and denturecleansers have been used in comparison to the distilled water. It was concluded fromthis study that the hardness of acrylic materials is not affected by immersion in anytype of disinfectant and denture cleanser as well as it is found that there is no differentin the hardness of the light cured when compared to the heat cured acrylic denturebase.
Evaluation the effect of different instrumentation and obturation techniques on apical microleakage . (In vitro comparative study)
Authors: Ali Dr. Lanja A. , Kaka Dr. Ihsan N.
Published: August 2022

This in vitro study evaluated and compared the apical sealing ability of twoobturation techniques and two type of instrumentation. A total of 120 teeth werecollected randomly divided into two groups 60 roots prepared using hand protaper,other 60 roots prepared using rotary protaper .Each group was subdivided randomlyinto two obturation groups of 30 roots for each; in group A- obtura II was used ,andin group B-thermafill (TF) was used. Then the samples in all groups left for a week atroom temperature. After coronal sealing, all surfaces of the root covered with threelayer of nail polish except the apical 2mm, then each sample immersed in 10% blackIndian ink dye for 72 hours .After that the samples rinsed and nail polish removed.then samples cleared & decalcified.Data had been collected from independentexaminers and statistically analyzed using student t-test. The stereomicroscopicresults showed that there was highly significant difference between hand and rotaryinstrumentation, with in favor of rotary instrumentation technique. Concerning theobturation techniques, Thermafill showed best apical sealing followed by Obtura II;however, the differences were not significant.
The correlation between ABO Blood Groups, Rh factor and Body Mass Index in most common oral diseases
Authors: Al –Hashemy Dr. Esra Hassan , Abbas Dr. Maha Jamal
Published: August 2022

Objective:-The presence of specific type of blood group antigens have beenassociated with various diseases, with antigens also acting as receptors forinfectious agents and the relative susceptibility of some blood group phenotypes tocertain oral diseases has been investigated. Also, the poor oral health and developof some oral disease has previously been related to high body mass index (BMI).Aims of the study :-The the aim of this study was to indicate if any associationbetween ABO blood system and body mass index with several oral diseasesincludes gingivitis and periodontitis.Material and method :-A total of (82) subjects were included in this study collectedfrom hospital of dentistry college from February to July,2013,divided into threegroups as those with gingivitis, periodontitis, and the healthy ones considercontrol group, aged between (10 and 55 )years were selected on a random basis .ABO blood groups were detected by using slide agglutination method aftercollected of blood samples .BMI was measured for all groups.Results: The results of this study reported that blood group type (O) appear in highpercentage ( 50%) among patients group include( gingivitis and periodontitis ),andthe blood group (A)showed a high percentage ( 47.67%) in healthy group withstatistical significant differences (p <0.05) while, the least rate of blood group inoral disease group were (AB)( 7.5%) and ( O and B)(14.29%) in control. Theresults of RH factors showed a significant increase of Rh-positive in all examinedgroups. The body mass (mean ±SD) (26±3.056) kg/m2was significantly higherpatient group when compared to control(BMI= 22.71±3.241) kg/m2 with pvalue< o.o5 .while the statistical analysis revealed there were non-significantdifferences according to type of blood groups between male and female and themean of BMI not differed between gingivitis and periodontitis p>0.05.Conclusion: Significant relationships between ABO blood type and body mass indexwith most common oral disease while RH results revealed no significantdifferences were recorded between control and oral disease.
Transverse strength measurements of repaired acrylic resin modified with different surface treatments
Authors: Al-Shammari Dr. Firas Abd Kati
Published: August 2022

Aim: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and mechanicalsurface treatments on repaired acrylic resin in terms of transverse strength.Materials and methods: seventy acrylic specimens were fabricated and divided into7 groups according to kind of reinforcement materials. Thesespecimenswere cut inthe mid and a space of 3 mm was created. The repair was done with varioussurface treatments and specimenswere then subjected to loads till fracture. Datawere analysed and compared via ANOVA and Tukey tests.Results: the transverse strength of repaired acrylic resin had been influenced by thetype of surface treatment used.The repaired samples withglass fibers,stainless steelwire and monomerimproved significantly the bond strength than untreated group(P<0.05).Statistically, there were significant differences between control groupand repaired groups (P<0.05); and among all repaired groups (P<0.05) withexception no significant differencesbetween fiber and monomer, and wire andmonomer groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion:A combination of chemical and mechanical treatments has a significanteffect on transverse strengths. The repaired joints with monomer, wire, or glassfibers had significantly improved the strength of repaired acrylic resin.
Immunohistochemical Expression of P53 and bcl-2 in benign and malignant salivary glands tumors
Authors: AL-Rawi Dr. Natheer H. , Ahmed Dr. Jamal N. , Mohammed Dr. Husam Omer
Published: August 2022

Objectives: Salivary glands tumors are relatively uncommon neoplasm with widely variable histopathologic and biologic characteristics. Alteration in some proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes may lead to the development and progression of these tumors. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of P53 and bcl-2 in some salivary gland tumors in relation to tumor size, histological grade and extent of invasion.Study Design: The series consisted of 22 formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks of salivary glands tumors collected from the files of Oral pathology Department./College of Dentistry/ Baghdad University. The specimens consisted of (10) benign salivary gland tumors ( Pleomorphic Adenomas) and (12) malignant salivary gland tumors [ (2) Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma, (3) Muco-Epidermoid Carcinoma, (2) Adenocarcinoma (5) Adenoid cystic carcinoma]. These were analyzed for immunohistochemical detection of P53 and bcl-2 in their cell types.Results: Pleomorphic Adenoma showed negative expression of P53 and bcl-2 in 70% of cases, whereas all malignant salivary glands tumors were positive for P53 and bcl-2. P53 and bcl-2 immune-reactivity were associated with larger tumor size, higher tumor grade and greater extent of invasion without reaching statistical significance level.Conclusion: P53 expression could be used as a useful tumor marker for malignant transformation of Pleomorphic adenoma and bcl-2 expression could be used as a useful monitor for measuring the aggressiveness of these neoplasms.Keywords: P53; bcl-2; salivary gland tumors; immunohistochemistry
Periodontal health status and biochemical study of Saliva among diabetics and non diabetics (Comparative study)
Authors: Ibrahem Dr. Lekaa M. , Abaas Dr. Raghad F.
Published: August 2022

Background: The aim of this study is to determine the relative influence of diabetes mellitus on periodontal parameters and to correlate between glucose content of saliva and blood in diabetics and non diabeticsMaterial and method: Total samples composed of 105 participants. Group I composed from 35 healthy subjects, group II composed from 35 patients were well controlled diabetics and 35 patients were moderately and poorly controlled diabetics. The periodontal parameters which included Plaque Index (PL.I) and gingival index (G.I) were recorded.Whole saliva samples were collected for determination of glucose and total protein.Results: The mean value of glucose in saliva was higher in group II (1.769±0.972) and in group III (4.054±2.851) compared to group I (0.993±0.331). Inter group comparison for PL.I showed that there was a significant difference between group I and group II, while was no significant difference between group II and group III at P-value>0.05.The mean G.I in group II and group III were elevated compared with group I. There was weak or no correlation between periodontal and biochemical parameters.Conclusion: Diabetic groups showed significant difference in periodontal parameters compared to control group with significant difference between group II and group III. Also significant increase in glucose and total protein of saliva in diabetic groups compared to control group.
A comparison of wound healing activity following treatment with three types of Yemen's honey on excision wounds in rats: an animal model
Authors: Wahid Dr. Nidhal Ali A.
Published: August 2022

Four groups of adult Wistar Kyoto rats each consist of 6 animals. The rats were experimentally wounded in the posterior neck area. Wounds of Group 1 rats were kept without treatment throughout the experiment. Wounds of Group 2, 3 and 4 were topically applied with fresh unprocessed Yemen's honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, respectively. The rates of wound healing were assessed in all animals. Wounds treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, significantly healed earlier and much faster as compared to wound s of Group 1 animals. Wounds of Group 4 animals treated with honey Al-Jawa/H, significantly accelerate wound healing compared to wound treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani or Al-Jardani There were no significant differences between honey Al-Dawa'ani And honey 2 Al-Jardani in the term of duration of wound healing. Histologically, dermal wounds treated with honey Al-Dawa'ani, Al-Jardani and Al-Jawahi, were rapidly replaced by granulation tissue and advancing epithelialization compared to wound of Group 1 rats. These results indicated the beneficial effects of honey Al-Jawahi for the acceleration of wound healing process in rats.
Surgical removal of a large submandibular salivary stone Case report
Authors: Alhamdani Dr. Faaiz Y. , Alhadithi Dr. Ahmed F.
Published: August 2022

twenty-six years male, presented to the oral surgery clinic, complaining from recurrent sub mandibular swelling in the left side, due to sub mandibular stone in the left Wharton's duct. The size of the stone is relatively large. In this case report, we will discuss the possible cause for such large size of the stone and the technique of surgical removal.
Correlation between Clinical Features & MRI Findings in Patients with Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Al – Nakib Dr. Lamia Al – Nakib , Saeed Dr. Shahrazaad Sami
Published: August 2022

Background: Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a collective term embracing a number of clinically distinct problem including myalagia, internal derangement, arthritic problem & disorders of mobility & growth.Aim of study: The aim of this study is to make correlation analysis between clinical signs of temporomandibular internal derangement and magnetic imaging for diagnosis of disk displacement with or without reduction and disk configuration.Material and method: Eighteen patients were examined according to Helkimo index which include impaired TMJ function, impaired range of movement, TMJ tenderness muscle tenderness &pain during mandibular movement.Results: The results showed significant correlation between Helkimo index and MRI findings, in that as the severity of index increased, there was an increase in progression of disk displacement, and when the index was mild 88.9% of the joints were with normal disk position, the posterior band of disk was on 12 o’clock position on top of condyle and about 11.1% had disk displacement with reduction, the disk return to normal position relative to condyle in open mouth position and no patient had disk displacement without reduction.Conclusion: There is significant correlation between clinical signs and MRI findings.
Long-term stability study of chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash in experimental formula
Authors: Abed Dr. Hayder Hamed
Published: August 2022

Chlorhexidine is a bisbiguanide antiseptic and disinfectant that is bactericidal or bacteriostatic against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Stability study is the capacity of a drug substance or drug product to remain within established specifications to maintain its identity, strength, quality, and purity throughout the retest or expiration dating periods. Physical, chemical data are generated as a function of time and storage conditions. The purpose of this study is designed to evaluation the stability life of chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash in experimental formula. Stability information from long-term testing was designed according to the European agency for evaluation of medicinal products storage conditions of high relative temperature and humidity. The prepared samples were analyzed according to united state pharmacopoeia -27. Assays were performed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Ascorbic acid, sodium citrate with organic solvents and antitoxins has been used to provide efficient, simple mixing method for chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash. The assays and level of related substances predicated stable formula under long term stability study conditions. These results had shown non-significant changes (p>0.05). This formula provided successful distribution and stability of chlorhexidine gluconate in mouth wash solution and this formula is also suitable for mass production and stable products for more than 3 years.
The Effect of Bad Oral Habits on Malocclusions and Its Relation with Age, Gender and Type of Feeding.
Authors: Jabur Dr. Saba Fouad , Nisayif Dr. Dhilal Hatem
Published: August 2022

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the type of bad oral habits "sucking (thump, index, more than one figure), nail or pencil biting, tongue thrusting, lip sucking" and its relation to age, gender, malocclusions and type of feeding (breast or bottle), in patients above the 6 years of age.Material and methods: 110 patients of oral habit reported to the department of pedodontics and preventive dentistry and department of orthodontics at the collage of dentistry \ Baghdad University, during a one year period (2005-2006), Thos were 35 male and 75 females in age range between 6- 13 years.Result: Thumb sucking represented the predominate habit (34.55%) for all age groups, The age group that showed the highest oral habit was 8-9 years in which (35.45%) children had oral habit, female children (68.18%) were more than male, the children who sucked their thumb were more likely to develop an increased over jet, while the anterior open bite mostly seen in children with tongue thrust, The children who suck their lip showed deep bite and an increased in the over jet.Conclusions: oral habits had dental effect rather than skeletal effect, there was no association between oral habit and pattern of child's feeding.
Reproducibility of the vertical dimension by different educational degrees
Authors: AINuaimy Dr. Lamees A. , Al Obaidy Dr. Reem A. , Bazirgan Dr. Mohammed K
Published: August 2022

Background: The establishment of the correct vertical rest position is considered essential, because this position is a critical landmark in determining the vertical relation of occlusion. Unfortunately, the physiologic rest position is variable as it may be influenced by muscle tension, fatigue, and properioception. A study was therefore, undertaken to investigate the repeatability of vertical dimension measurement by different education degree groups. Materials and methods: thirty patients were investigated for vertical dimension measurement by different education degree groups (5th class undergraduate students, house officers dentists, MSc and PhD), depending on a very popular and simple method by using millimeter ruler. Result: the result showed that the difference in the vertical dimension measurements by the four different education degree groups was clinically not significant. Conclusion: 1.The vertical dimension measurements obtained from the undergraduates and house officer dentists were dependable. 2.The time-span of the measuring procedure has no effect on the determination of the vertical dimension throughout a single visit. 3.The caliper method was practical, simple and accurate in academic work. As The result of this study reveals the reproducibility of this method by all of the investigators.
The Effect of Disinfectant on the Microstructure of Dental Stone at Different Time Intervals
Authors: Abass Dr. Shorouq Majid
Published: August 2022

Gypsum products have been considered to be among the most widely used model and die materials. Modifications of these materials by adding chemicals or salts result in a change in their structure. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of the addition of Calcium Hypochlorite disinfectant on the microstructure of dental stone.Calcium Hypochlorite disinfectant in aqueous solution in different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0%) was added to type III dental stone. The microstructure of the dental stone samples was examined under the microscope and then photo scoped, pictures were taken at different time intervals (immediately, after 10, 30 min., 1and 2 hours) for all the test groups.The results of this study showed that at different time intervals, from the beginning of mixing of dental stone with Calcium Hypochlorite disinfectant solution, deformation in the microstructure was produced (calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals).Microscopically appearance of dental stone samples mixed with Calcium Hypochlorite disinfectant solution revealed a deformation in size and shape of the calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals when compared with the control group.
Histopathological Study of BCC in Rizgari Teaching Hospital
Authors: Wartee Dr. Ibrahem Mohammad , Khalil Dr. Amera Kamal , Abu Baker Dr. Salah Abu Baker
Published: August 2022

This study include (66) case of Basal cell carcinoma (BCC). The age of the patients ranged from (21 – 80) year. The highest percentage of patients was seen related to the age group (61 – 70) year. The total male to female ratio was 1.1:1. The most common histological type was the solid and the most common site of occurrence was the nose. No significant difference was found between site distribution and sex of the patients. The percentage of cases with apparent palisading pattern was (83.1%) and mostly seen related to the solid type. Significant difference was found between peripheral palisading pattern and histological types of BCC. Most cases showed apparent inflammatory reaction, no pigmentation, and involved margin by tumor cells. No significant difference was found between inflammatory reaction, presence of pigmentation, involvement of surgical margins, and histological types of BCC.
The effect of recasting on the Fatigue resistance of Co-Cr alloys
Authors: Khalaf Dr. Husam M. , AL-Ameer Dr. Shatha S. , Alsaady Dr. Ammar A.
Published: August 2022

The present study evaluated the effect of recasting cobalt-chromium alloys with the addition of new alloy in different ratios (75% and 50%) on the deflection fatigue resistance using three types of alloys: Wironit (Bego), Remanium (Dentaurum), and Wisil (Wipla). Each alloy was divided into three groups for each test, group I (100% new alloy), group II (75% new alloy +25% recast alloy), and group III (50% new alloy + 50% recast alloy).Fatigue specimens produced were butterfly-shaped and half round at their cross section with 18mm length, 1mm thickness, and 2mm width. For each alloy group, five samples were prepared.The results of this study revealed that recasting with adding 75% new alloy did not significantly affect the fatigue resistance of Wironit and Wisil alloys, while significantly affected that of Remanium. Recasting with the addition of 50% new alloy significantly decreased the fatigue resistance of the three types of alloys.Wironit alloy showed the higher mean values for deflection fatigue resistance compared with Remanium and Wisil alloys.
The effect of immediate versus delayed dowel space preparation on the apical seal of Resilon/Epiphany obturation system
Authors: Al-Azzawi Prof. Dr. Abdul Karim J.
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of immediate versus delayed dowel space preparation using two techniques (peeso reamers and hot pluggers) on the apical seal of Resilon/ Epiphany obturation system.Methodology: Fifty freshly extracted human teeth with single and straight canals were used in this study. The roots were instrumented using the step-back technique, K-files with circumferential filing action and copious irrigation of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% solution of aqueous EDTA to remove smear layer. The canal obturation of all roots was performed with lateral condensation technique using Resilon/Epiphany Obturation system. Then the obturated roots were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (10 teeth for each group); one control group, and 4 experimental groups according to the technique of dowel space preparation (peeso reamers and hot pluggers) either immediately after obturation or after one week later. After this period, the external surfaces of all roots were coated by two layers of sticky wax except for the apical 2 mm and were submerged in 2% methylene blue dye for 3 days at 37ºC. Then all roots were longitudinally sectioned for linear measurement of dye penetration through the apical foramen using a stereomicroscope. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using ANOVA and Student t-tests.Results: Significantly more apical leakage (P<0.05) in groups that received delayed dowel space preparation using either peeso reamers or hot pluggers compared with control group and no significant differences (P>0.05) between immediate and delayed dowel space preparation using either technique.Conclusion: Resilon/ Epiphany obturation system can received immediate and delayed preparation using conventional methods of dowel space preparation, however immediate preparation was preferred according to the results of this experiment.
Postoperative pain and flare-up in one- and multiple-visits endodontic treatment for pulpally vital molars
Authors: Mustafa Dr.Ahmed S.
Published: August 2022

In recent years, one appointment endodontics has gained increased acceptance as the best treatment for most cases. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of post-operative pain and flare up following single-visit and multiple-visits root canal treatment in pulpally vital molars using two different instrumentation techniques. One hundred seventy seven (177) vital molars teeth from 160 patients were selected and randomly divided into two groups; first group (89) teeth were endodontically treated with multiple visits while the second group (88) teeth were endodontically treated with one visit. Each group further subdivided into two subgroups; first subgroup, canals were prepared by conventional step-back technique using hand-held stainless steel k-files and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-perch cones while the second subgroup were the canals prepared by ProTaper rotary system and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-perch cones. No significant differences in post operative pain and flare-ups between teeth that were treated in one visit and multiple visits. Also the use of the ProTaper rotary system in preparing the canals contributed to lower the incidence of post-operative pain.
Evaluation of color alteration of heat-polymerized acrylic resin
Authors: Khazil Dr. Aseel S.
Published: August 2022

The present study investigated the color alteration of heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens exposed to 7 staining solutions (black tea, green tea, coffee, Pepsi, tomato paste, cigarette and diet Pepsi) for two weeks and compared with that exposed to distilled water. Five specimens were used for each group. The specimens were of rectangular shape measuring 5mm width, 40mmlength and 2mm thickness. After the two weeks the light transmission percent values for each specimen were determined by a spectrophotometric device. The result of this study revealed that the distilled water specimen group had the highest mean value of light transmission followed by diet Pepsi and Pepsi groups, coffee group had the lowest one. Further, coffee had a staining effect on resin specimens more than tea, cigarette and tomato paste group. In addition this study showed that resin specimens discolored by black tea more than green tea.
Index of orthodontic treatment need of 10-12 years Iraqi pupils
Authors: Mahmoud Dr. Abeer B.
Published: August 2022

Many orthodontic problems arise at the age of 10-12 years therefore the aim of this study was to detect the percentage of pupil at age 10-12 year that need orthodontic treatment and have not done it till now, and the possibility of motivating them. 1500 Iraqi pupil at school age of 10-12 year were examined according to grade designed by Sweden orthodontic board. 57% of the sample required no treatment, 23.3% required mild treatment, and 14% required moderate while 5.3% required great treatment & 0.3% require very great treatment. Majority of pupils that need treatment didn't receive any motivation even from their dentist, There is a great shortage in dental health education programs. About half of pupil examined didn't need treatment although there is a large number of the sample who needs treatment.
An evaluation of the effect of different drinks on the color change of composan ceram composite resin (in vitro study)
Authors: Al-Wahab Dr. Zahraa Nazar
Published: August 2022

The ability of tooth – colored restorative material to resist stain is important because discoloration of it may result in patient dissatisfaction and additional time and expense for replacement. However, the effect of different staining agents on the color difference of resin composite restorative materials has not been completely clarified.The aim of this study was to evaluate the stainability of composan ceram resin composite upon exposure to different drinks.Forty – two disk shaped specimens (10X2mm) were prepared from composan ceram using polytetraflouroethylen mold. The specimens were divided into six groups (n=7) and stored for 7 days at 37Cْ in different types of solutions (distilled water, coffee, coffee with sugar, coffee with sugar and artificial creamer, tea, tea with sugar). Color of all the specimens was measured before and after exposure with spectrophotometer using CIE L* a* b* relative and color changes (E) were then calculated. The data were analyzed with one – way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and LSD test.There was a highly significant difference when comparing the storage agents. Coffee solution produced the most severs stain and it stained composite more than tea. When tea and coffee groups with and without sugar were compared, both groups without sugar demonstrated a higher color difference than with sugar.Coffee stained composite more than tea and the absence of sugar in coffee and tea increased color difference compared to coffee or tea with sugar.
Pain Complaints of Patients Attending Oral Medicine Clinic
Authors: J. M Dr. Zaheda J. M
Published: August 2022

A survey was done among (460) patients attending Oral Medicine Clinic with an age (6-75) years. The most common type of pain complaints was orofacial pain (87.8%). This study had been performed to investigate the various type of orofacial pain complaints in (404) patients attending Oral Medicine Clinic.It was found that most common type of orofacial pain complaints was dental pain, pain and swelling (85%) followed by pain/ restricted mouth opening, clicking, fatigue in masticatory system which was recorded (9.4%) of orofacial pain complainers with skewed sex distribution for female.Burning mouth compliant was reported in (5.4%) of orofacial pain complainers with skewed sex distribution for male.Patients accuracy in identifying source of pain was found in 100% patient with burning mouth complaints where as (86.8%) of patients with TMJ. Complain have a real problems in their. Masticatory system of those patients with dental pain. Pain and swelling (79.6%) have a real problem in their teeth or in their periodontium
Sealing ability of a retrograde filling materials using Amalgam, MTA, or Zinc Phosphate cement
Authors: AL- Mashhadaney DR. Maha Adul- kareem , AL- Anni DR. Maha J. , AL – Hadithi DR. Haraa Khairi
Published: August 2022

This study evaluated the ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to seal the root end effectively by comparing its apical sealing ability with that of amalgam and zinc phosphate cement. Forty five, single rooted extracted human teeth were used in this study, teeth divided randomly into three groups. After root–end resection of teeth, 3 mm depth of retrograde class I cavities were performed in 3 groups. Retrofillings of each group were performed with Amalgam, MTA and Zinc Phosphate cement. Following immersion in 1% Methylene blue dye for 42 hours, the roots were sectioned and the depth of dye penetration was evaluated by a stereomicroscope at X-10 magnification. The sealing ability of the retrograde filling materials was determined by their ability to inhibit dye penetration. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA test and t-test. MTA provides a better seal than Amalgam and Zinc Phosphate cement when used as retrograde filling.
The Effect of Two Demineralizing Agents on Apical Sealing of Retrograde Filling Materials (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Amin Dr. Bassam Karem , Dayem Dr. Raad Niama , Salman Dr. Raid Fahim
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of using two different demineralizing agents on the micro-leakage of different retro-grade filling, the sealing ability of the MTA, & to compare the sealing ability of the three different retro-grade fillings.Seventy roots were selected, & the canals then instrumented utilizing crown down technique using pro-taper rotary files. All roots were obturated with non standardized gutta-percha master cones using the lateral condensation technique, apical root resections were made & root-end cavities were prepared.The prepared roots were randomly divided into seven experimental groups with 10 specimens in each; three groups demineralized by 17% EDTA, each group of them was filled with different retrograde filling materials either MTA , Resin-modified glass ionomer cement, or amalgam. The other three groups were demineralized by 35% phosphoric acid & each group of them was filled with the same different retrograde filling materials. The seventh group which is the control was filled with MTA without demineralization agent. The specimens were then placed in 2% methylene blue solution at (37°C, & pH 7) for 72 hours. To evaluate the depth of dye penetration, each root was sectioned longitudinally in a crown-apex direction. Linear dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope.Statistical analysis of the results revealed that the MTA had less leakage than the amalgam & the glass ionomer cement, & the difference was highly significant (p>0.01) for EDTA. In addition, the using of phosphoric acid had higher leakage than EDTA for MTA & GIC groups , however, the difference was non significant (p>0.05).MTA retro-filling material had better sealing ability than other materials used and the demineralizing agents may have effect on the quality of the micro-leakage
The Effect of Modified Carisolv Gel on Surface Roughness of two Different Types of Ceramic Materials Using Light Polarizing Microscope
Authors: Jehad Dr. Rasha Hameid
Published: August 2022

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of chemomechanical caries removal solution on the surface topography of metal-ceramic feldspar porcelain (MAJOR ceramic) and All-ceramic feldspar porcelain (Vita Alpha) using light polarizing microscope. Forty specimens of MAJOR ceramic and forty specimens of Vita Alpha ceramic of (12mm diameter & 3mm height) were prepared .All specimens were polished with silicon polishing burs, cleaned, autoglazed and stored in 37°C before exposure to Carisolv. Thirty specimens of each material randomly exposed to Carisolv gel for 5, 10 and 20 minutes respectively, other ten specimens were not, to act as control group. All specimens were subjected to surface roughness test by profilometer and evaluated using light polarizing microscope. ANOVA and student t-test were used to analyze the surface roughness values.Different exposure times of modified Carisolv gel showed highly significant difference compared to control (P<0.001).Surface treatment with modified Carisolv gel for 20 minutes resulted in the highest surface roughness. Metal-ceramic feldspar porcelain (MAJOR ceramic) showed high surface roughness than all ceramic feldspar porcelain (Vita Alpha), however, the difference is statistically not significant (P>0.05).Different exposure times of modified Carisolv gel affect the surface roughness of dental ceramic materials differently. This study showed major influence on surface topography after exposure to modified Carisolv gel for 20 minutes on dental ceramics MAJOR and Vita Alpha.
Evaluation of Dimensional Stability for Denture Bases in different Curing Techniques
Authors: Fatihallah Dr. Abdalbasit A. , Mohamed Dr. Mithaq Radhi , Zia Dr. Kais George
Published: August 2022

Stable record base is critical for recording an accurate maxillo-mandibular relationship and evaluation of the esthetics and phonetics of the wax trial prosthesis. To ensure intra-oral stability and retention of the record base, the base should maintain close adaptation to the cast and be dimensionally stable, this study compare the dimensional stability of visible light cure acrylic both conventionally and by using new technique of short curing cycle. Thirty maxillary cast edentulous models poured with a type IV dental di-stone, the specimen divided into three subgroups each group consist of ten cast. In the first group denture base constructed from heat cure acrylic resin using short curing cycle, while in the second group it constructed by using visible light cure acrylic resin and for the third group from visible light cure acrylic resin using new technique, the gap space occurs between the denture base and the cast measured by using traveling microscope measuring device. In this study the reading for the gap space occur between the denture base and the cast show that significantly both the short cycle and VLC new technique more dimensionally stable than that of VLC conventional technique when compared by ANOVA Table and LSD multiple comparison. The dimensional accuracy or fit for the denture base improved by using either a heat cured acrylic resin (using short curing cycle or by using light activated poly methylmethacrylate with the aid of new technique so that better stability and retention of the record bases obtained.
Evaluation the Effect of Different Instrumentation& Obturation Techniques on the Apical Sealing Using Two Types of Sealers
Authors: Hanna Dr. Hala P. , Salman Dr. Raid F.
Published: August 2022

There is controversy as to which instrumentation &/or obturation techniques tochoose with which type of sealer give better apical sealing. This in vitro study aimedto evaluate the apical sealing ability of three obturation techniques and two types ofsealer.A total of 120 teeth were randomly divided into two groups; roots prepared usingstep-back and hybrid techniques. Each group of instrumented roots were subdividedrandomly into three obturation groups of 20 roots for each; each one of theseobturation techniques were used twice; once with ZOE sealer and other with AH26sealer. Then dye penetration study conducted & samples were examined under thestereomicroscope. Data had been collected from two independent examiners andstatistically analyzed using student t-test.Concerning the obturation techniques, warm vertical compaction showed bestapical sealing. Regarding sealers, AH 26 sealer had better sealing ability than ZOEsealer with highly significant difference.Warm vertical compaction obturation technique in combination with the AH 26resin sealer obturates the canals with lesser apical leakage.
Socio-Economic Condition in Relation to Oral and Dental Health Status Through the Study of 184 Iraqi Pupils
Authors: Hamza Dr. Bushra Hamza , Hussein Dr. Menahil Muhammed , Mukhtar Dr. Sabah
Published: August 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the social andeconomic condition of the studied pupils with the health of oral and dental conditionand the manifestations inside the oral cavity of those tested pupils reflected thisrelation.A sample of 184 pupils was collected form different middle schools with agesranging between 12-18 years. This sample consists of 84 males and 100 females.The pupils were divided into 3 groups: Group A: pupils with missing fathers andlow income level. Group B: pupils with their fathers and mothers work and of highincome level. Group C: pupils with their mothers being house keepers and of middleincome level.Information related to those groups of pupils were collected and statisticallyanalyzed to obtain the relationships between the socio-economic status of the studiedcases of pupils and the following variations: dental caries, teeth extraction, gingivitis,visits to the dentist and asking oral and dental services and psychological and generalhealth status. The obtained results showed that, gingivitis, loss of teeth and dentalcaries will increase when the socio-economic status decreased and the opposite of thatwas correct. Which means those pathological conditions decreased when the socioeconomiclevel increased. Visits to dentists and asking for dental care depending onthe dental education and the economic level of the pupils, again psychological andgeneral health status also depend on the socio-economic levels, so according to thisstudy many good psychological and health status were found in high income pupils.
Measurement of Mesiodistal Axial Angulation of the Teeth in Class I Malocclusion in Adults
Authors: Nissan Dr. LaythM K.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to provide a description of the mesiodistal axial angulation of themaxillary and mandibular teeth in cases of class I malocclusion.The values of the mesiodistal axial angulation of the teeth were measured for 20subjects (10 males and 10 females) from orthopantomograph using computer programand comparisons were made between the right and left sides and between males andfemales.The mean values of the mesiodistal axial angulation of the teeth were higher inmales than in females, and higher on the right side in upper and lower arches than onthe left side for males, females and total sample, however; there was no statisticallysignificant difference between the groups. This study provided a good description ofthe mesiodistal axial angulation of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in cases ofclass I malocclusion.
Relationship between permanent maxillary canine and floor of the maxillary sinus through aging
Authors: Kaka Dr. Luay N. , Mohammed Dr. Amal R.S. , AL-Qasab Dr. Sanaa J.
Published: August 2022

The maxillary sinus are pyramidal shaped cavities in the mid-facial aspect of theskull; they are bilateral structures, located beside each nasal fossa. Knowledge of therelationship between the root apex and the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus iscrucial for diagnosis and treating a sinus pathosis as well as in assisting dentalimplantation, endodontic procedures and orthodontic treatment. Thirty patientsattending Al-Ma’amoon dental centre were selected in this study according to aspecial criteria. Four digital periapical x –rays were taken for each patient using dentalx – ray machine two views demonstrated both right and left permanent canines tomeasure the length of each tooth by direct double click technique, the other two viewswere taking with concentration on the apical area of each tooth, to measure the exactdistance between the apex of the tooth and the floor of the maxillary sinus. Results ofthis study found that the distance between the apices of right permanent maxillarycanines and the base of maxillary sinus was greater than that of left side and thedistance between the canine apex and the floor of maxillary sinus increasing withincreasing age.
Modification of some denture cleaning agents employed with mechanical cleansing methods
Authors: Khazil Dr. Aseel S. , Ahmed Dr. Areeg S. , Mutlak Dr. Mohammed F.
Published: August 2022

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of 5 cleaning agents(dettol soap, whitening tooth paste, sodium bicarbonate powder, and ethanol handsanitizer gel and siwak powder) on color alteration of heat-polymerized acrylic resinand to compare it with that of distilled water. 60 specimen strips of heat-polymerizedacrylic resin material were prepared measuring 5mm width, 40mm length and 2mmthickness; five specimens were used for each group. After two weeks of immersion intea solution, the light transmission percent value for each specimen was determined at400nm and 700nm wave lengths by a spectrophotometer device.Then the half of the stained specimens were cleaned by the cleaning agents bybrushing with a hand brush , and rest specimens were cleaned by the same cleaningagents by an electrical dental brush and again measure the light transmission percentvalue for each specimen by the spectrophotometer device.The result obtained in this study showed that ethanol gel specimen group has thehighest mean value for light transmission among all the specimen groups of hand andmotor brush at the two wave lengths, followed by tooth paste, siwak powder, sodiumbicarbonate powder & dettol soap groups but distal water group has the lowest one.Furthermore, there were no measurable differences between the hand brush and theelectric tooth brush with respect to staining removal from the acrylic resin specimensfor all cleaning agents groups used in this study.
The effect of 30% at-home bleaching on surface hardness of esthetic restorative materials
Authors: ALSaadi Dr. Amaal kadhim
Published: August 2022

in vitro study to evaluate the effect of an at-home bleaching product on thesurface hardness of three composite restorative materials.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of at-home bleaching on thesurface hardness of the tooth colored restorative materials.Thirty specimens were prepared; 10 specimens of each material 5 specimenscontrol of each group. All specimens were stored in distilled water at roomtemperature for 24 hrs before testing. A universal testing machine (Micromet microhardness testers) was used for testing brinell surface hardness for the three groups&for every tested material. Three tested materials was assessed by ANOVA& furtherexploration between all possible paired combination of tested material was assessedby bonferroni adjusted t-test p value less than 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant .The statistical analysis showed that at home bleaching technique have statisticallysignificant effect of the micro hardness of composite resin.At-home bleaching agents have a softening effect on some toothcolored restorative material, and the patient must be aware before using them.
The clinical results of buccal advanced flap for the closure of oroantral perforations
Authors: Omar Dr.Lukman F.
Published: August 2022

Aim of this study was to evaluate the success of buccal sliding flap used in thereconstruction of oroantral defects, and clarify its indications and size limitations. Inthis prospective clinical study, buccal Sliding flap was used for closure of oroantraldefect in 23 patients with different indications which included; 4 defects resultingfrom maxillary cysts (radicular and residual cyst) ,12 newly created medium size oroantralcommunications, 7 cases with chronic oroantral fistula. The defect diameterrange between 3-8 mm. Patients were evaluated for signs of flap epithelialization,infection, and fistulae recurrence.The epithelialization process was completed in 19 patients after 2 weeks withoutany complication. However, partial dehiscence of the flap occurred in 4 patients withchronic oroantral fistula.The results of this series support the view that the use of buccal sliding flap is asimple, convenient, and reliable method for the reconstruction of small to mediumsizedoroantral defects with minimum complications.