bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Principales características del choque séptico en pacientes críticos. Hospital “Joaquín Albarrán”, La Habana, Cuba. 2013
Authors: Fernández Ferrer Amnerys , Hernández Ruiz Anabel , Pérez Verea Lits , Benedi García Mario Michel
Published: June 2018

Resumen Objetivo: caracterizar los pacientes con diagnóstico de choque séptico ingresados en la UCI.El choque séptico es un estado de choque asociado a sepsis severa como su expresión más grave. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y prospectivo para describirlas principales  características del choque séptico en la  UCI del Hospital "Joaquín Albarrán”, en la habana durante el año 2013.Se utilizó el porcentaje como medida de  resumen y la Prueba de Chi-cuadrado. Resultados: se estudiaron  59 pacientes con diagnóstico de choque séptico, predominó el sexo femenino con el 54,6%. Las patologías respiratorias fueron las más frecuentes al ingreso, la klebsiellasp. como germen aislado, los antibióticos más utilizados las cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Conclusiones: la edad y el sexo no influyen en la evolución del choque séptico, las cefalosporinas de tercera generación no fueron útiles para el tratamiento del choque séptico y predominando al egreso los fallecidos.
Calidad de vida: un aspecto olvidado en el paciente con hemofilia
Authors: Villegas Álzate Juan Diego , Martínez Sánchez Lina María , Jaramillo Jaramillo Laura Isabel
Published: June 2018

La hemofilia es una patología derivada de la deficiencia heredada de factores de la coagulación, comúnmente ligada al cromosoma X que presenta diferentes tipos de hemorragias. Clínicamente la hemofilia se clasifica según la deficiencia del factor de coagulación específico y su cuadro clínico se compone de episodios hemorrágicos y de las complicaciones de los mismos. A pesar de los grandes avances en la medicina, la hemofilia persiste como una enfermedad crónica asociada a importantes secuelas que generan un impacto sobre la calidad de vida. A nivel mundial, 1/10.000 hombres está afectado por esta enfermedad, lo que a nivel local se traduce como 3,8 a 4,3 afectados por cada 100.000 habitantes. La Calidad de vida es un importante concepto que se debe tener en cuenta en el abordaje integral de pacientes que Hemofilia ya que los factores biológicos relacionados con esta patología tienen gran impacto en el deterioro físico, social y psicológico de los pacientes afectados y, obviar su valoración significa perpetuar el deterioro generado por la enfermedad. La medición de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes debe ser de carácter rutinario en la práctica clínica mediante el uso de herramientas internacionalmente validadas.
La simulación clínica en la formación médica de la universidad de Manizales (Colombia)
Authors: Botello Jaimes Jhon Jairo
Published: June 2018

La educación médica actualmente es diferente comparada con el siglo pasado, por muchas razones, y lo seguirá siendo. Actualmente con la dinámica del sistema de salud, los sitios de práctica o rotaciones de los estudiantes se restringe, limitando las oportunidades [1] de aprendizaje y de perfeccionamiento de las competencias. Por ejemplo, un estudiante debe observar varios partos antes de actuar acompañado de su profesor, y cuando esté adquiriendo la competencia… ¡Se acabó la rotación! ¿Qué pasaría si el estudiante antes de asistir a la clínica, ha adquirido unas competencias en simulación clínica y actúa acompañado de su profesor desde el primer momento? El estudiante tendrá más oportunidad de aprendizaje, porque atenderá más partos, y lo mejor, con seguridad del paciente al disminuirse los mismos. Esta disminución de los sitios de práctica (Con menos posibilidades de atención de paciente reales), lineamientos curriculares que están fundamentados en la Universidad pero que se pierden en los convenios con las clínicas, imponiéndose en algunos casos el modelo de la IPS y otras dificultades evidenciadas por diferentes actores del sistema de Salud colombiano, ha llevado a la Universidad de Manizales a buscar estrategias que mejoren la formación del médico colombiano en el contexto.
Secure Login Mechanism for Online Banking
Authors: Syahir Ahmad , Wen Chuah Chai
Published: June 2018

Login is one of the important security features in online banking. This research investigates the mechanism for an existing online banking in Malaysia including the design of the login mechanism, the encryption algorithm used for the password Â and the security level of the login mechanism. This research provides a result of analyzing data between five online banking in terms of their security features. These analyzing data will be used for proposing secure password encryption in online banking. The mathematic is used to evaluate the security level for these secure login applications. Output from the mathematical analysis is the probability that the adversary may break the security of login application.
Review of SQL Injection : Problems and Prevention
Authors: Mohd Yunus Mohd Amin , Zainulariff Brohan Muhammad , Nawi Nazri Mohd , Mat Surin Ely Salwana , Azwani Md Najib Nurhakimah , Liang Chan Wei
Published: June 2018

SQL injection happened in electronic records in database and it is still exist even after two decades since it first happened. Most of the web-based applications are still vulnerable to the SQL injection attacks. Although technology had improved a lot during these past years, but, hackers still can find holes to perform the SQL injection. There are many methods for this SQL injection to be performed by the hackers and there is also plenty of prevention for the SQL injection to be happened. The vulnerability to SQL injection is very big and this is definitely a huge threat to the web based application as the hackers can easily hacked their system and obtains any data and information that they wanted anytime and anywhere. This paper can conclude that several proposed techniques from existing journal papers used for preventing SQL injection. Then, it comes out with Blockchain concept to prevent SQL injection attacks on database management system (DBMS) via IP.
Illiteracy Classification Using K Means-NaÃ¯ve Bayes Algorithm
Authors: Saputra Muhammad Firman Aji , Widiyaningtyas Triyanna , Wibawa Aji Prasetya
Published: June 2018

Illiteracy is an inability to recognize characters, both in order to read and write. It is a significant problem for countries all around the world including Indonesia. In Indonesia, illiteracy rate is generally set as an indicator to see whether or not education in Indonesia is successful. If this problem is not going to be overcome, it will affect peopleâ€™s prosperity. One system that has been used to overcome this problem is prioritizing the treatment from areas with the highest illiteracy rate and followed by areas with lower illiteracy rate. The method is going to be a way easier to be applied if it is supported by classification process. Since the classification process needs a class, and there has not been any fine classification of illiteracy rate, there is needed a clustering process before classification process. This research is aimed to get optimal number of classes through clustering process and know the result of illiteracy classification process. The clustering process is conducted by using k means algorithm, and for the classification process is conducted by using NaÃ¯ve Bayes algorithm. The testing method used to assess the success of classification process is 10-fold method. Based on the research result, it can be concluded that the optimal illiteracy classes are three classes with the classification accuracy value of 96.4912% and error rate value of 3.5088%. Whereas the classification with two classes get the accuracy value of 93.8596% and error rate value of 6.1404%. And for the classification with five classes get the accuracy value of 90.3509% and error rate value of 9.6491%.
Homeland in the Poetry of Nik’oloz Baratašvili and Giacomo Leopardi
Authors: Magarotto Luigi
Published: June 2018

In 1839, the 22-year-old Nik’oloz Baratašvili composed the long poem Bedi Kartlisa (The Fate of Georgia), in which he tackled one of the issues of modern Georgia: whether the choice made in 1783 by King Erek’le II to draw up a treaty of friendship with the Russian Empire had been beneficial for Kartl-K’axeti. In the course of the poem Baratašvili maintains a stiff attitude, never siding for or against the choice of Erek’le II. Much more instinctive and impetuous is the attitude of the 20-year-old Giacomo Leopardi, who, faced with Italy in chains, is overwhelmed by an individualistic romantic impulse. In his songs, he desires greatness for his homeland and the glory of ancient times when people ran to die for it, he states his aversion to foreign rule and his hopes for Italy’s resurrection.
A Wedding Gone Wrong
The Rather Worldly Woes of a Rather Wealthy Qādirī Sufi Shaykh. Two 18th Century Documents from the Ottoman Court Records of Ḥamā and Aleppo
Authors: Salati Marco
Published: June 2018

A rather intricate legal case took place first in Ḥamā’s and then in Aleppo’s Ottoman Islamic courts around the middle of the 18th century. The setting, the social standing of the individuals involved, and the alleged circumstances of the case all contribute to make clear that this was not just another routine court case. Altogether, the two documents are a good example of the scope and quality of the information preserved in the archives of local courts and they both demonstrate the extent and modes of implementation of Islamic law in a specific Ottoman milieu. The long inventory of personal property in the Aleppo document gives us a good idea of the social status and affluence enjoyed by the plaintiff – a member of the Jīlānī/Qādirī family – and an interesting insight into material culture and what constituted wealth and affluence at the time.
Impacto del balance energético negativo en vacas lecheras tratadas con somatotropina recombinante bovina
Authors: Ninabanda J. J.
Published: June 2018

El objetivo de la presente revisión bibliográfica fue analizar el efecto de la somatotropina recombinante bovina sobre el desempeño productivo y reproductivo de vacas lecheras en período de post-parto, así como el impacto del balance energético negativo sobre los indicadores energético-proteicos y la capacidad gluconeogénica. Para ello fue necesario reunir datos sobre la alteración de la fertilidad y el retraso de la reactivación ovárica, dado que la primera ovulación ocurre alrededor de las dos semanas posteriores. Para la recopilación de información se implementó una investigación metodológica que incluyó: criterios de búsqueda (balance energético negativo y celo post-parto), criterios de inclusión (anestro, desarrollo folicular y hormona somatotropina recombinante bovina) y finalmente criterios de exclusión (peso y condición corporal). Muchos de los autores sugieren valorar las implicaciones de la hormona en animales que se encuentren en las primeras semanas de lactancia, así como su efecto sobre el metabolismo corporal y la composición de la leche, que impactan en el valor nutritivo y las condiciones para la industrialización del producto
A Review of Statistical Methods for Generalizing From Evaluations of Educational Interventions
Authors: Tipton Elizabeth , Olsen Robert B.
Published: June 2018

School-based evaluations of interventions are increasingly common in education research. Ideally, the results of these evaluations are used to make evidence-based policy decisions for students. However, it is difficult to make generalizations from these evaluations because the types of schools included in the studies are typically not selected randomly from a target population. This paper provides an overview of statistical methods for improving generalizations from intervention research in education. These are presented as a series of steps aimed at improving research design—particularly recruitment—as well as methods for assessing and summarizing generalizability and estimating treatment impacts for clearly defined target populations.
Estrategias no farmacológicas para el manejo de los síntomas vasomotores en la menopausia
Authors: Alejandra Belardo María , Starvaggi Agustina , María Cavanna Malena , Pilnik Susana
Published: June 2018

Los síntomas vasomotores afectan a gran número de mujeres en la peri y posmenopausia, impactando notablemente en la calidad de vida; por otro lado, su duración en el tiempo es incierta y muchas veces prolongada. Si bien la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) constituye el tratamiento más efectivo para los síntomas climatéricos en su conjunto, en algunos casos existen contraindicaciones para su uso. Por lo tanto, ofrecer estrategias de tratamiento en las mujeres con contraindicación al tratamiento hormonal resulta mandatorio. Contamos con una amplia gama de opciones no hormonales, tanto farmacológicas como no farmacológicas. Dentro de estas últimas se incluyen las terapias alternativas o naturales (isoflavonas y cimicifuga racemosa), las modificaciones sobre el estilo de vida y las terapias complementarias. Las terapias alternativas presentaron resultados controvertidos en cuanto a la efectividad sobre los síntomas climatéricos y, por otro lado, debido a que su mecanismo de acción involucra a los receptores estrogénicos, están contraindicadas en las pacientes con antecedentes personales de cánceres hormonodependientes. Las modificaciones del estilo de vida impactan positivamente la salud general de la mujer, más allá de los síntomas climatéricos. En cuanto a las terapias complementarias, las únicas recomendadas son la terapia cognitiva conductual y la hipnosis. Se debe individualizar en cada caso la mejor opción terapéutica, teniendo en cuenta los antecedentes, interacciones medicamentosas, estado cognitivo, entre otros, ya que el objetivo final es mejorar la calidad de vida de nuestras pacientes.
Linfoma no Hodgkin primario de ovario. Reporte de caso
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Pérez-Ortiz Viorkis
Published: June 2018

Los linfomas ováricos son raros. Aquel que se presenta como una masa pélvica con manifestación inicial es aun más raro. El diagnóstico impreciso o tardío se debe a menudo a las lesiones que se presentan similares al cáncer de ovario y puede conducir a un desenlace desfavorable. Presentamos el caso de mujer de 48 años con dolor abdominal. La ecografía y tomografía computada preoperatoria mostraron tumor quístico heterogéneo. La laparotomía reveló tumoración anexial izquierda de origen ovárico. Se realizó histerectomía total, ooforo-salpingectomía bilateral y omentectomía parcial. No se encontró evidencia de que la lesión se hubiese propagado más allá del ovario. El diagnóstico de linfoma no Hodking del tipo difuso de células B grandes difusas del ovario se realizó mediante examen histopatológico junto con inmunohistoquímica del tejido extirpado. El paciente recibió seis ciclos de quimioterapia. Después de 18 meses de seguimiento, la paciente continúa libre de enfermedad.
Declaración Jurada de Autoría y Autorización para la Publicación del Artículo
Authors: Pacheco Romero José
Published: June 2018

Declaración Jurada
BANKACILIK SEKTÖRÜNDE FİNANSAL RİSKLERİN Z-SKOR VE BANKOMETER METODLARI İLE TESPİTİ, BİST’TE İŞLEM GÖREN TİCARİ BANKALAR ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Akın Aksoy Emine Ebru , Kandil Göker İlkut Elif
Published: June 2018

Finansal sistemin en temel kuruluşu
olarak kabul edilen bankalar için finansal risk yönetimi, finanslama
faaliyetlerinin ana merkezinde olan aracılık fonksiyonun devamlılığında büyük
önem arz etmektedir. Finansal riskin ölçülmesine yönelik geliştirilmiş pek çok
modelden birisi Altman Z-Skor modelidir. Bu model firmaların finansal
başarısızlıklarını ve iflasa gitme ihtimallerini gösteren çok değişkenli bir
diskriminant analizi olarak ifade edilmektedir. Finansal risk tespitinde
literatüre kazandırılmış bir diğer model Bankometer modelidir. Bankometer modeli
IMF’in bankaların borç ödeme gücünü artırmaya yönelik tavsiyelerinden yola
çıkılarak geliştirilmiş çok değişkenli bir diğer diskriminant analizidir. Bu
çalışma ile, Borsa İstanbul’a kote olmuş ticari bankaların 2012-2016 döneminde finansal
risk düzeyleri her iki model kullanılarak hesaplanmış, finansal riskin
tespitinde kullanılan her iki modelin sonuçlarının tutarlılığı test edilmiştir.
“DODOLITDODOLITDODOLIBRET” DAN “TIGA PERTAPA”: HIPOGRAM DAN TRANSFORMASI TEKS
Authors: Wahyuni Dessy
Published: June 2018

The short story "Dodolitdodolitdodolibret" by Seno Gumira Ajidarma and "Tiga Pertapa" by Leo Tolstoy have similarities. It attracts the attention of the writer to know each short story that is in the form of hypogram and transformation work. So , this paper is aimed at describing the short story that has the function as the background for the birth of the following stories and see how the interacting processes can reveal aspects of parallelism and variant texts. Through the comparison of the two works, it can be seen how these hypogram and transformation run continuously as far as the literature is alive. Then, it can be also seen how far the level of author’s creativity in transforming the work of his inspiration. Through descriptive analysis methods, it can be concluded that the short story "Tiga Pertapa" is the host for the birth of the short story "Dodolitdodolitdodolibret".AbstrakCerpen “Dodolitdodolitdodolibret” karya Seno Gumira Ajidarma dan “Tiga Pertapa” karya Leo Tolstoy memiliki kemiripan. Hal ini menarik perhatian penulis untuk mengetahui masing-masing cerpen yang menjadi karya hipogram dan transformasi. Maka tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran cerpen yang menjadi latar kelahiran cerpen berikutnya dan melihat bagaimana proses saling pengaruh tersebut dapat mengungkap aspek paralelisme dan varian teks. Melalui perbandingan kedua karya tersebut akan terlihat bagaimana hipogram dan transformasi ini berjalan terus menerus sejauh proses sastra itu hidup. Kemudian terlihat pula seberapa jauh tingkat kreativitas pengarang dalam mentransformasi karya yang menjadi inspirasinya. Melalui metode deskriptif analitis dapat disimpulkan bahwa cerpen “Tiga Pertapa” merupakan induk bagi kelahiran cerpen “Dodolitdodolitdodolibret”.
PENERAPAN METODE REVIEW STUDY VERBALIZE PREVIEW (RSVP) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK
Authors: Rahayu Sri
Published: June 2018

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan menyimak cerita anak pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia melalui penerapan metode Review Study Verbalize Preview (RSVP) siswa kelas VIB SDN 125 Pekanbaru Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi yang dilakukan dalam dua siklus tindakan. Setelah membandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah tindakan, rata-rata kemampuan menyimak siswa meningkat. Kemampuan siswa dalam menyimak cerita anak pada sebelum tindakan hanya mencapai 69,55% tergolong  “kurang mampu”, dengan ketuntasan 45,45%. Pada siklus I, kemampuan siswa meningkat menjadi 83,18% tergolong “mampu”, dengan ketuntasan 68,18%. Pada siklus II, rata-rata kemampuan menyimak cerita siswa meningkat menjadi 91,36% tergolong “sangat mampu” dengan ketuntasan 95,45%. Jadi,  penerapan metode RSVP dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak cerita anak pada mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas VIB SDN 125 Pekanbaru.
RELEVANSI BUDAYA MELAYU DALAM CERITA “SENANDUNG DAYANG DERMA”
Authors: Sabakti Sri
Published: June 2018

Naskah drama “Senandung Dayang Derma” (SDD) karya Rina Nazaruddin adalah sebuah cerita yang kental dengan budaya Melayu. Analisis terhadap cerita SDD akan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra. Teori sosiologi sastra digunakan untuk menganalisis unsur-unsur budaya dalam cerita tersebut kemudian dikaitkan dengan fakta sosial, yaitu kebiasaan-kebiasaan, norma-norma, dan adat-istiadat yang berlaku pada masyarakat Melayu Riau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-analitis. Metode deskriptif-analitis digunakan untuk menguraikan, memahami, dan menjelaskan unsur-unsur budaya dalam karya sastra kemudian disusul dengan analisis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa unsur-unsur budaya, yaitu bahasa dan sistem sosial dalam cerita SDD mempunyai relevansi dengan budaya masyarakat Melayu Riau.
IDENTIFIKASI TUTURAN LATAH: PENDEKATAN FONETIK AKUSTIK
Authors: Prihartono Wawan
Published: June 2018

Latah merupakan salah satu gangguan kefasihan berbicara (fluency disorder). Produksi ujaran latah cukup unik karena ada pengulangan bunyi secara sistematis. Kajian Ujaran latah berdasarkan produksi ujarannya belum pernah dilakukan. Maka dari itu, penelitian ini akan mengidentifikasikan proses produksi ujaran latah menggunakan pendekatan fonetik akustik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan pendekatan eksperimental. Data diukur menggunakan aplikasi praat. Hasilnya, tuturan latah memiliki karakter yang cukup menarik, yaitu memiliki  karakter durasi yang semakin cepat dari awal hingga akhir segmen, memiliki struktur nada yang teratur, dan memiliki tanda  kenaikan intensitas pada segmen bunyi /e/ di tengah tuturan.
Studi Komparatif Hasil UKBI Mahasiswa Jurusan Bahasa Indonesia Perguruan Tinggi Negeri dan Swasta di Jawa Timur
Authors: Winiasih Tri
Published: June 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta di Jawa Timur. Masalah yang dibahas adalah perbandingan nilai UKBI Seksi I (Mendengarkan), Seksi II (Merespons Kaidah), Seksi III (Membaca), serta skor kemahiran berbahasa Indonesia secara keseluruhan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif. Data diperoleh dari laporan hasil UKBI 3 perguruan tinggi negeri dan 3 perguruan tinggi swasta di Jawa Timur yang memiliki jurusan pendidikan bahasa Indonesia dan menjadikan UKBI sebagai alat ukur untuk mengetahui kemahiran berbahasa Indonesia mahasiswanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, berdasarkan skor UKBI, nilai rata-rata seksi I, II, III, dan skor UKBI keseluruhan mahasiswa perguruan tinggi negeri lebih tinggi daripada perguruan tinggi swasta. Berdasarkan predikat UKBI, nilai rata-rata mahasiswa bahasa Indonesia perguruan tinggi negeri dan swasta berada pada predikat yang sama, yaitu unggul.
The Meningioma Vascularity Index: a volumetric analysis of flow voids to predict intraoperative blood loss in nonembolized meningiomas
Authors: Lagman Carlito , Ong Vera , Nguyen Thien , Alkhalid Yasmine , Sheppard John P. , Romiyo Prasanth , Azzam Daniel , Prashant Giyarpuram N. , Jahan Reza , Yang Isaac
Published: June 2018

OBJECTIVE

Meningiomas that appear hypervascular on neuroimaging could be amenable to preoperative embolization. However, methods for measuring hypervascularity have not been described, nor has the benefit of preoperative embolization been adjudicated. The objective of this study was to show a relationship between flow void volume (measured on MRI) and intraoperative estimated blood loss (EBL) in nonembolized meningiomas.

METHODS

The authors performed volumetric analyses of 51 intracranial meningiomas (21 preoperatively embolized) resected at their institution. Through the use of image segmentation software and a voxel-based segmentation method, flow void volumes were measured on T2-weighted MR images. This metric was named the Meningioma Vascularity Index (MVI). The primary outcomes were intraoperative EBL and perioperative blood transfusion.

RESULTS

In the nonembolized group, the MVI correlated with intraoperative EBL when controlling for tumor volume (r = 0.55, p = 0.002). The MVI also correlated with perioperative blood transfusion (point-biserial correlation [rpb] = 0.57, p = 0.001). A greater MVI was associated with an increased risk of blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] 5.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15–29.15) and subtotal resection (OR 7.64, 95% CI 1.74–33.58). In the embolized group, those relationships were not found. There were no significant differences in MVI, intraoperative EBL, or blood transfusion across groups.

CONCLUSIONS

This study clearly shows a relationship between MVI and intraoperative EBL in nonembolized meningiomas when controlling for tumor volume. The MVI is a potential biomarker for tumors that would benefit from embolization.
Site-Specific Nutrient Management for Irrigated Rice in South Central Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Mamun MAA , Islam SA , Islam MS , Mridha AJ , Saleque MA
Published: June 2018

A site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) field trial was conducted for irrigated rice using five fertilizer treatments: i) omission of N, ii) omission of P, iii) omission of K, iv) NPK and v) farmers’ practice (FP). Substantial variation in the native N, P, and K supply was found among farmers’ fields. The indigenous soil K produced 4.5 to 5.0 t ha-1 but native P and N gave only rice yield of 3.5 to 4.0 t ha-1. The highest grain yield (6.0 to 7.5 t ha-1) was obtained from balanced fertilization, followed by FP (4.0 to 5.0 t ha-1).The optimal grain yield at Faridpur was obtained by using N, P and K at 135, 8 and 49 kg ha-1; 139, 9 and 42 kg ha-1; and 140, 10 and 43 kg ha-1 for high, medium and low land rice, respectively. However, for Gopalgonj district fertilizer doses of N, P and K were 140, 11 and 38 kg ha-1; 142, 10 and 42 kg ha-1; and 138, 10 and 49 kg ha-1; and for Madaripur district, 126, 8 and 46 kg ha-1; 120, 7 and 38 kg ha-1; and 99, 6 and 27 kg ha-1 for high, medium and low land rice, respectively. These predicted fertilizer doses increase farmers’ income and protect environment from pollution.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 1-9
Physiological Traits and Yield Performance of Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) as Influenced by Light Intensities
Authors: Hossain MA , Hasan MA , Sikder S , Chowdhury AK MMB , Sarker MS
Published: June 2018

An experiment was carried out at the Crop Physiology and Ecology Research Field, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur during the period from March to June 2016 to evaluate some physiological traits and yield performance of mungbean variety under different light intensities and to find out potential mungbean variety as intercrop. The experiment was laid out in a split -plot design with three replications. Three light intensities (L100 - full sunlight, L75- 75 % of full sunlight and L50- 50% of full sunlight) were assigned in the main plots and four varieties (BARl Mung-6, Binamoong8, Binamoong5 and BU Mug-4) in the subplots. White and red colour Mosquito nets were used for maintaining 75 and 50 percent of full sunlight. Light percentages of mosquito nets were measured by light meter (21YE35). Mosquito nets of different colors and pore size were used for maintaining 75 and 50 percent of full sunlight. The seed yield of BARI Mung-6 and Binamoong8 performing well in under partial shade condition but the grain yield of Binamoong5 and BU Mug-4 was reduced drastically under partial shade condition. Greater proline accumulation in leaf, higher leaf chlorophyll content, higher pods plant-1, higher seeds pod-1, greater seed size and better seed yield plant-1 under partial shade condition were contributed to better tolerance of BARI Mung-6 and Binamoong8 under low light stress.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 67-74
Children, Learning and Play in theMengxue bao(The Children's Educator, 1897–1902)
Authors: Chen Shih-Wen Sue
Published: June 2018

This article examines the image of the child and play in the Mengxue bao (The Children's Educator, 1897–1902), an important but largely neglected children's periodical established by Chinese reformers in the late-nineteenth century, a time when intellectuals who were concerned about China's future began to question dominant educational practices. It focuses on articles that were unusual in illustrating the importance of learning to cultivating ethical behaviour and stimulating resourcefulness through play. The Children's Educator noted the importance of studying, but also encouraged children to play. This recognition that play is a significant part of childhood marks a shift in attitudes towards Chinese children and their relationship with play in the early twentieth century.
Wear-Time Compliance with a Dual-Accelerometer System for Capturing 24-h Behavioural Profiles in Children and Adults
Authors: Duncan Scott , Stewart Tom , Mackay Lisa , Neville Jono , Narayanan Anantha , Walker Caroline , Berry Sarah , Morton Susan
Published: June 2018

To advance the field of time-use epidemiology, a tool capable of monitoring 24 h movement behaviours including sleep, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour is needed. This study explores compliance with a novel dual-accelerometer system for capturing 24 h movement patterns in two free-living samples of children and adults. A total of 103 children aged 8 years and 83 adults aged 20-60 years were recruited. Using a combination of medical dressing and purpose-built foam pouches, participants were fitted with two Axivity AX3 accelerometers—one to the thigh and the other to the lower back—for seven 24 h periods. AX3 accelerometers contain an inbuilt skin temperature sensor that facilitates wear time estimation. The median (IQR) wear time in children was 160 (67) h and 165 (79) h (out of a maximum of 168 h) for back and thigh placement, respectively. Wear time was significantly higher and less variable in adults, with a median (IQR) for back and thigh placement of 168 (1) and 168 (0) h. A greater proportion of adults (71.6%) achieved the maximum number of complete days when compared to children (41.7%). We conclude that a dual-accelerometer protocol using skin attachment methods holds considerable promise for monitoring 24-h movement behaviours in both children and adults.
Serum Levels of Angiopoietin-Like Protein 2 and Obestatin in Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Normal Body Mass Index
Authors: Rahmani Elham , Akbarzadeh Samad , Broomand Ainaz , Torabi Fatemeh , Motamed Niloofar , Zohrabi Marzieh
Published: June 2018

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in women of reproduction age and a major cause of anovulatory infertility. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development and durability of this disorder. ANGPTL2 is known as an inflammatory mediator derived from adipose tissue that links obesity to systemic insulin resistance, and obestatin has been identified as a hormone associated with insulin resistance that suppresses food reabsorption, inhibits gastric emptying and decreases weight gain. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of ANGPTL2 and obestatin in PCOS women with normal body mass index (BMI). Methods: In this case-control study, 26 PCOS women based on the Rotterdam 2003 diagnostic criteria as the case group and 26 women with normal menstrual cycles as the control group were enrolled. Serum levels of ANGPTL2, obestatin, insulin and other hormone factors related with PCOS were measured by ELISA method and biochemical parameters were measured by an autoanalyzer. Data were analyzed by independent samples-T test, Chi Square, Correlation and a single sample Kolmogrov–Smirnov test using SPSS software, version 16. Results: There were no significant variations in the amount of ANGPTL2, obestatin, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, creatinine and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate between the two groups. There were significant increases in serum levels of fasting blood sugar (p = 0.01), insulin (p = 0.04), homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance (p = 0.04), testosterone (p = 0.02), luteinizing hormone (p = 0.004), luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (p = 0.006) and prolactin (p = 0.04) in case group compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was observed between ANGPTL2 and insulin (p = 0.02), HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) and, on the other hand, a significant negative correlation was observed between obestatin and insulin (p = 0.01), HOMA-IR (p = 0.008) in PCOS group. Conclusions: In this study, no significant variations were observed in serum levels of ANGPTL2 and obestatin in PCOS women with normal BMI.
Fretting Fatigue Analysis of Additively Manufactured Blade Root Made of Intermetallic Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb Alloy at High Temperature
Authors: Lavella Mario , Botto Daniele
Published: June 2018

Slots in the disk of aircraft turbines restrain the centrifugal load of blades. Contact surfaces between the blade root and the disk slot undergo high contact pressure and relative displacement that is the typical condition in which fretting occurs. The load level ranges from zero to the maximum during take-off. This cycle is repeated for each mission. In this paper, a fretting fatigue analysis of additively manufactured blades is presented. Blades are made of an intermetallic alloy γTiAl. Fretting fatigue experiments were performed at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and at a temperature of 640 °C to match the operating condition of real blades. The minimum load was fixed at 0.5 KN and three maximum loads were applied, namely 16, 18 and 20 kN. Both an analytical and a two-dimensional finite element model were used to evaluate the state of stress at the contact interfaces. The results of the analytical model showed good agreement with the numerical model. Experiments showed that cracks nucleate where the analytical model predicts the maximum contact pressure and the numerical model predicts the maximum equivalent stress. A parametric analysis performed with the analytical model indicates that there exists an optimum geometry to minimize the contact pressure. Tests showed that the component life changed dramatically with the maximum load variation. Optical topography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals information about the damage mechanism.
Self-Assembly of Free-Standing LiMn2O4-Graphene Flexible Film for High-Performance Rechargeable Hybrid Aqueous Battery
Authors: Yuan Guanghui , Huang Ting , Kou Ying , Ji Zhen , Zhao Yan
Published: June 2018

A novel LiMn2O4-graphene flexible film is successfully prepared by facile vacuum filtration technique. LiMn2O4 nanowires with diameters of 50–100 nm are distributed homogeneously on graphene sheet matrix. Used as cathode in rechargeable hybrid aqueous batteries, the LiMn2O4-graphene film exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance in comparison to LiMn2O4-graphene powder. The LiMn2O4-graphene film shows stable 13.0 mAh g−1 discharge capacity after 200 cycles at 1.0 C, benefitting from the presence of graphene with strong conductivity and large pore area in this free-standing film. This synthetic strategy for a free-standing film can provide a new avenue for other flexible materials and binder-free electrodes.
Microstructure and Properties of Porous High-N Ni-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel Fabricated by Powder Metallurgical Route
Authors: Hu Ling , Ngai Tungwai , Peng Hanlin , Li Liejun , Zhou Feng , Peng Zhengwu
Published: June 2018

Porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel was fabricated by a powder metallurgical route. The microstructure and properties of the prepared porous austenitic stainless steel were studied. Results reveal that the duplex stainless steel transforms into austenitic stainless steel after nitridation sintering for 2 h. The prepared high-N stainless steel consists of γ-Fe matrix and FCC structured CrN. Worm-shaped and granular-shaped CrN precipitates were observed in the prepared materials. The orientation relationship between CrN and austenite matrix is [011]CrN//[011]γ and (-1-11)CrN//(1-11)γ. Results show that the as-fabricated porous high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel features a higher mechanical property than common stainless steel foam. Both compressive strength and Young’s modulus decrease with an increase in porosity. The 3D morphology of the prepared porous materials presents good pore connectivity. The prepared porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel has superior pore connectivity, a good combination of compressive strength and ductility, and low elastic modulus, which makes this porous high-N Ni-free austenitic stainless steel very attractive for metal foam applications.
A Balanced Risk-Benefit Analysis to Determine Human Risks Associated with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PA)—The Case of Herbal Medicinal Products Containing St. John’s Wort Extracts (SJW)
Authors: Habs Michael , Binder Karin , Krauss Stefan , Müller Karolina , Ernst Brigitte , Valentini Luzia , Koller Michael
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) exist ubiquitously in our environment. More than 6000 plants, about 3% of the world’s flowering plants, are known to synthesize PA. As a consequence, many herbal ingredients, including St. John’s wort (SJW), are contaminated with PA that can possess acute and subchronic toxic effects as well as mutagenic and genotoxic properties. Therefore, the possible benefits of SJW as an herbal remedy against depression need to be weighed against the possible risks of unwanted PA intake. Methods: We searched the literature regarding the current knowledge on PA and evaluated the evidence on the antidepressant effects of quantified SJW extract based on a Cochrane Review and the current practice guidelines on depression. Risks are depicted in form of a risk ladder and benefits in form of an icon array. Results: Evidence from clinical studies indicates that quantified SJW extract is an effective treatment option for mild to moderate depression with fewer side effects than conventional antidepressants. Health statistics from different countries do not quantify cases of death caused by PA intake. However, deaths due to suicide, often triggered by depression, are common (11 in 1000 in Germany in 2015) and rank between fatalities due to liver diseases (16 in 1000) and household accidents (10 in 1000). Conclusions: Quantified SJW extract is a safe and effective treatment option, and its potential of treating depression outweighs the (hypothetical) risk of unwanted PA intake.
Glacier Change, Supraglacial Debris Expansion and Glacial Lake Evolution in the Gyirong River Basin, Central Himalayas, between 1988 and 2015
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Nie Yong , Liu Qiao , Wang Jida , Liu Linshan , Hassan Javed , Liu Xiangyang , Xu Xia
Published: June 2018

Himalayan glacier changes in the context of global climate change have attracted worldwide attention due to their profound cryo-hydrological ramifications. However, an integrated understanding of the debris-free and debris-covered glacier evolution and its interaction with glacial lake is still lacking. Using one case study in the Gyirong River Basin located in the central Himalayas, this paper applied archival Landsat imagery and an automated mapping method to understand how glaciers and glacial lakes interactively evolved between 1988 and 2015. Our analyses identified 467 glaciers in 1988, containing 435 debris-free and 32 debris-covered glaciers, with a total area of 614.09 ± 36.69 km2. These glaciers decreased by 16.45% in area from 1988 to 2015, with an accelerated retreat rate after 1994. Debris-free glaciers retreated faster than debris-covered glaciers. As a result of glacial downwasting, supraglacial debris coverage expanded upward by 17.79 km2 (24.44%). Concurrent with glacial retreat, glacial lakes increased in both number (+41) and area (+54.11%). Glacier-connected lakes likely accelerated the glacial retreat via thermal energy transmission and contributed to over 15% of the area loss in their connected glaciers. On the other hand, significant glacial retreats led to disconnections from their proglacial lakes, which appeared to stabilize the lake areas. Continuous expansions in the lakes connected with debris-covered glaciers, therefore, need additional attention due to their potential outbursts. In comparison with precipitation variation, temperature increase was the primary driver of such glacier and glacial lake changes. In addition, debris coverage, size, altitude, and connectivity with glacial lakes also affected the degree of glacial changes and resulted in the spatial heterogeneity of glacial wastage across the Gyirong River Basin.
Evaluation of MODIS—Aqua Chlorophyll-a Algorithms in the Basilicata Ionian Coastal Waters
Authors: Lacava Teodosio , Ciancia Emanuele , Di Polito Carmine , Madonia Alice , Pascucci Simone , Pergola Nicola , Piermattei Viviana , Satriano Valeria , Tramutoli Valerio
Published: June 2018

Standard chlorophyll-a (chl-a) algorithms, which rely on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) data aboard the Aqua satellite, usually show different performances depending on the area under consideration. In this paper, we assessed their accuracy in retrieving the chl-a concentration in the Basilicata Ionian Coastal waters (Ionian Sea, South of Italy). The outputs of one empirical (Med-OC3) and two semi-analytical algorithms, the Garver–Siegel–Maritorena (GSM) and the Generalized Inherent Optical Properties (GIOP) model, have been compared with ground measurements acquired during three different measurement campaigns. The achieved results prove the poor accuracy (adjusted R2 value of 0.12) of the investigated empirical algorithm and, conversely, the good performance of semi-analytical algorithms (adjusted R2 ranging from 0.74 to 0.79). The co-existence of Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and Non-Algal Particles (NAP) has likely determined large errors in the reflectance ratios used in the OCx form algorithms. Finally, a local scale assessment of the bio-optical properties, on the basis of the in situ dataset, allowed for the definition of an operational local scale-tuned version of the MODIS chl-a algorithm, which assured increased accuracy (adjusted R2 value of 0.86). Such a tuned algorithm version can provide useful information which can be used by local authorities within regional management systems.
Landsat-Based Land Use Change Assessment in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: Forest Transition and Sugarcane Expansion
Authors: Lacerda Silva Alindomar , Salas Alves Diógenes , Pinheiro Ferreira Matheus
Published: June 2018

In this study, we examine the hypothesis of a forest transition in an area of early expansion of the agricultural frontier over the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the south-central part of the State of São Paulo. Large scale land use/cover changes were assessed by integrating Landsat imagery, census data, and landscape metrics. Two Landsat multi-temporal datasets were assembled for two consecutive periods—1995–2006 and 2006–2013—to assess changes in forest cover according to four classes: (i) transition from non-forest cover to planted forest (NF-PF); (ii) transition from non-forest to secondary (successional) forest (NF-SF); (iii) conservation of planted forest (PF) and (iv) conservation of forest remnants (REM). Data from the two most recent, 1995/96 and 2006 agricultural censuses were analyzed to single out major changes in agricultural production. The total area of forest cover, including primary, secondary, and planted forest, increased 30% from 1995 to 2013, whereas forest planted in non-forest areas (NF-PF) and conservation of planted forest (PF) accounted for 14.1% and 19.6%, respectively, of the total forest area by 2013. Such results showed a relatively important forest transition that would be explained mostly by forest plantations though. Analysis of the landscape metrics indicated an increase in connectivity among forest fragments during the period of study, and revealed that nearly half of the forest fragments were located within 50 m from riverbeds, possibly suggesting some level of compliance with environmental laws. Census data showed an increase in both the area and productivity of sugarcane plantations, while pasture and citrus area decreased by a relatively important level, suggesting that sugarcane production has expanded at the expense of these land uses. Both satellite and census data helped to delineate the establishment of two major production systems, the first one dominated by sugarcane plantations approximately located in the NE part of the study area, and a second one concentrating most of the forest plantations in the SW portion of the study area, where most of the forest transition could be observed.
Using 250-M Surface Reflectance MODIS Aqua/Terra Product to Estimate Turbidity in a Macro-Tidal Harbour: Darwin Harbour, Australia
Authors: Yang Gang , Wang Xiaohua , Ritchie Elizabeth , Qiao Lulu , Li Guangxue , Cheng Zhixin
Published: June 2018

Turbidity is an indicator of the quality of water and usually exhibits variability associated with changing hydrodynamic conditions, which can be reflected in the sediment dynamics in coastal regions. Darwin Harbour is a typical macro-tidal, well mixed, and complex environment influenced by industries, human activities, and natural factors—including winds, currents, river discharges, waves, and tides. As a case study, hydrodynamics and sediment dynamics in Darwin Harbour are investigated using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements. This study focuses on understanding the variability of turbidity, mechanisms that control the variations of turbidity and analyzing field data to determine the main factors that influence the sediment dynamics in Darwin Harbour. The results of this study illustrate the seasonal turbidity variation is mainly influenced by the wind waves. The dredging campaigns in 2013 and 2014 wet seasons contributed to the rise of turbidity in Darwin Harbour. The action of tidal currents appears to be the dominant factor controlling the turbidity pattern in a spring–neap cycle and the turbidity intra-tidal variation. In addition, the turbidity maximum zone (TMZ) near Charles Point is formed by the tidal current convergence based on the results of current modelling.
Optimization of Water Consumption Distribution Based on Crop Suitability in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River
Authors: He Liuyue , Wang Sufen , Peng Congcong , Tan Qian
Published: June 2018

Optimizing regional crop water consumption is considered to be a significant approach for increasing yields and reducing water consumption. This paper proposes a single-objective linear programming model which couples the distributed water consumption model with crop suitability. The impacts of meteorological, topographic, and soil factors were taken into account in both the distributed water consumption model and the crop suitability. The developed model was applied to a real case study in the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, in the northwest of China. In the optimization model, the net benefit which combined the water consumption with crop suitability was regarded as the objective function, while the limits on available water and planting area were set as the constraints. Optimal results regarding crop distribution and water consumption were generated for dry, normal, and wet hydrological years. Two optimization strategies were analyzed, including one with a fixed area of each crop and the other with a fixed total planting area. Economic analyses showed that net income under both optimization strategies increased by 31% and 33%, respectively. Although water consumption increased slightly in both optimization scenarios, the unit water income and unit area income were much higher than in the pre-optimization conditions. The obtained results are valuable for supporting the adjustment of planting patterns and the identification of desired plans for sustainable irrigation water allocation.