bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of changes in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emissions and degradation on their concentrations in Tokyo from 2007 and 2016
Authors: Shimada Kojiro , Nohchi Masayuki , Maeshima Koji , Uchino Tomonori , Kobayashi Yusuke , Ono Kazuki , Ogata Hiroko , Katsumi Naoya , Inazu Koji , Okochi Hiroshi
Published: March 2022

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aerosol were measured in Shinjuku, which is central Tokyo, Japan, for 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The effects of changes in emission sources and their degradation by reaction with ozone were assessed in this study. There was no significant increasing or decreasing trend of the PAH concentrations during 10 years (P > 0.05). The average selected seven the PAH concentrations (0.88 ng m−3) during 10 years was lower than those in New York and Paris. However, the trend of ozone concentrations is increasing in central Tokyo. This inconsistency raises a question. Did the fact that the ozone concentration was higher than the PAH concentrations promote PAH degradation? To apportion the PAH sources, we used PAH concentration profiles and positive matrix factorization analysis. The contribution of vehicle emissions to the PAHs ranged from 40 to 80%. Ozone concentrations increased by 3.70%/year during 10 years. The theoretical degradation rates of PAHs by ozone, which were calculated using a pseudo-first-order rate equation, suggested that the lifetimes of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) decreased by 1 min from 2007 to 2016. We investigated the aging of BaP using the profile of the isomer ratios. We found that the aging of BaP at the urban and roadside sites were nearly identical indicating aging regardless of the season. Although the decomposition of BaP is promoted by the photochemical oxidation reaction, this result suggests that a certain threshold value exists as the degree of the decomposition. This degradation of PAH can improve chemical loss processes in air quality model.
Searching for optimal machine learning model to classify mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subtypes using multimodal MRI data
Authors: Jitsuishi Tatsuya , Yamaguchi Atsushi
Published: March 2022

The intervention at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is promising for preventing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study aims to search for the optimal machine learning (ML) model to classify early and late MCI (EMCI and LMCI) subtypes using multimodal MRI data. First, the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) analyses showed LMCI-related white matter changes in the Corpus Callosum. The ROI-based tractography addressed the connected cortical areas by affected callosal fibers. We then prepared two feature subsets for ML by measuring resting-state functional connectivity (TBSS-RSFC method) and graph theory metrics (TBSS-Graph method) in these cortical areas, respectively. We also prepared feature subsets of diffusion parameters in the regions of LMCI-related white matter alterations detected by TBSS analyses. Using these feature subsets, we trained and tested multiple ML models for EMCI/LMCI classification with cross-validation. Our results showed the ensemble ML model (AdaBoost) with feature subset of diffusion parameters achieved better performance of mean accuracy 70%. The useful brain regions for classification were those, including frontal, parietal lobe, Corpus Callosum, cingulate regions, insula, and thalamus regions. Our findings indicated the optimal ML model using diffusion parameters might be effective to distinguish LMCI from EMCI subjects at the prodromal stage of AD.
Offshore wind power station (OWPS) site selection using a two-stage MCDM-based spherical fuzzy set approach
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Nguyen Ngoc-Ai-Thy , Dang Thanh-Tuan
Published: March 2022

In response to challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic and climate change to achieve the goal of ensuring sustainable economic growth, offshore wind power development not only provides a clean and sustainable source of energy but also provides opportunities for economic growth and job creation. Offshore wind energy projects have been promptly suggested in Vietnam due to policy advancement, with the country's excellent wind resources. The success of an offshore wind energy project is decided mainly by choosing the best location for offshore wind power station (OWPS) construction, which is a complex multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem with the coexistence of conflicting factors. There is a problem with incomplete decision information use and information loss during the decision-making process, and it is easy to overlook the interaction difficulty in a fuzzy environment. To address the complex nature of the prioritization problem posed, this study proposes a hybrid MCDM framework combining the spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (SF-AHP) and weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS). SF-AHP is used in the first stage to determine the significance levels of OWPS evaluation criteria. WASPAS is then utilized to rank locations of OWPS. A comprehensive set of evaluation criteria developed based on the concept of sustainable development has been recognized by reviewing the literature review and interviewing experts to practice the two-stage MCDM model. A real case study for Vietnam is conducted to test the effectiveness of the proposed method. The best location schemes have been determined by using the decision framework. The results of the sensitivity analysis and a comparison analysis demonstrate that the decision framework is practical and robust. The proposed methodology can be used to attain a decision-making process at the regional level for offshore wind farm planning and coastal development, and the study results encourage the establishment of renewable energy development policies.
Ecological remediation strategy for urban brownfield renewal in Sichuan Province, China: a health risk evaluation perspective
Authors: Zhao Weike , Liao Yuanpei , Zhou Shengqiu , Zhou Bo
Published: March 2022

Urban brownfield sites are abandoned industrial land and their redevelopment may be affected by environmental pollution, as the latter may pose health risks for residents. In this study, six heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr, Zn, Ni, and Cu) were examined from 87 soil samples extracted from four land use types (industrial area, residential/commercial area, traffic area, and agricultural area) in the Mianyang thermal power plant area, Sichuan Province, China. The soil contamination and environmental risk were evaluated using the single factor index, geo-accumulation index and Human Health Risk Evaluation. ArcGIS was used to map out the spatial distribution of heavy metal concentrations and environmental risk. The results of these analyses have indicated that different land use types have significant effects on the heavy metal contamination of soil. There are 10 non-carcinogenic risk areas of heavy metals in industrial land, while in the other three types there are 9 non-carcinogenic risk areas of heavy metals. Under the brownfield renewal planning, the present study scheme provides an effective method of discernment for ecological remediation of soil heavy metals. In addition, it can aid brownfield in finding different remediation strategies with economic benefits for different risk levels of human health.
Dysbiotic change in gastric microbiome and its functional implication in gastric carcinogenesis
Authors: Park Jae Yong , Seo Hochan , Kang Chil-Sung , Shin Tae-Seop , Kim Jong Won , Park Joong-Min , Kim Jae Gyu , Kim Yoon-Keun
Published: March 2022

Although there is a growing interest in the role of gastric microbiome on the development of gastric cancer, the exact mechanism is largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the changes of gastric microbiome during gastric carcinogenesis, and to predict the functional potentials of the microbiome involved in the cancer development. The gastric microbiome was analyzed using gastric juice samples from 88 prospectively enrolled patients, who were classified into gastritis, gastric adenoma, or early/advanced gastric cancer group. Differences in microbial diversity and composition were analyzed with 16S rRNA gene profiling, using next-generation sequencing method. Metagenomic biomarkers were selected using logistic regression models, based on relative abundances at genus level. We used Tax4Fun to predict possible functional pathways of gastric microbiome involved in the carcinogenesis. The microbial diversity continuously decreased in its sequential process of gastric carcinogenesis, from gastritis to gastric cancer. The microbial composition was significantly different among the four groups of each disease status, as well as between the cancer group and non-cancer group. Gastritis group was differently enriched with genera Akkermansia and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 Group, whereas the cancer group was enriched with Lactobacillus and Veillonella. Predictive analysis of the functional capacity of the microbiome suggested enrichment or depletion of several functional pathways related to carcinogenesis in the cancer group. There are significant changes in the diversity and composition of gastric microbiome during the gastric carcinogenesis process. Gastric cancer was characterized with microbial dysbiosis, along with functional changes potentially favoring carcinogenesis.
A computational study of red blood cell deformability effect on hemodynamic alteration in capillary vessel networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Saman , Bagchi Prosenjit
Published: March 2022

Capillary blood vessels, the smallest vessels in the body, form an intricate network with constantly bifurcating, merging and winding vessels. Red blood cells (RBCs) must navigate through such complex microvascular networks in order to maintain tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Normal, healthy RBCs are extremely deformable and able to easily flow through narrow vessels. However, RBC deformability is reduced in many pathological conditions and during blood storage. The influence of reduced cell deformability on microvascular hemodynamics is not well established. Here we use a high-fidelity, 3D computational model of blood flow that retains exact geometric details of physiologically realistic microvascular networks, and deformation of every one of nearly a thousand RBCs flowing through the networks. We predict that reduced RBC deformability alters RBC trafficking with significant and heterogeneous changes in hematocrit. We quantify such changes along with RBC partitioning and lingering at vascular bifurcations, perfusion and vascular resistance, and wall shear stress. We elucidate the cellular-scale mechanisms that cause such changes. We show that such changes arise primarily due to the altered RBC dynamics at vascular bifurcations, as well as cross-stream migration. Less deformable cells tend to linger less at majority of bifurcations increasing the fraction of RBCs entering the higher flow branches. Changes in vascular resistance also seen to be heterogeneous and correlate with hematocrit changes. Furthermore, alteration in RBC dynamics is shown to cause localized changes in wall shear stress within vessels and near vascular bifurcations. Such heterogeneous and focal changes in hemodynamics may be the cause of morphological abnormalities in capillary vessel networks as observed in several diseases.
Effects of PMMA spacer loaded with varying vancomycin concentrations on bone regeneration in the Masquelet technique
Authors: Xie Jie , Wang Wu , Fan Xiaolei , Li Hui , Wang Haoyi , Liao Runzhi , Hu Yihe , Zeng Min
Published: March 2022

Whether antibiotics should be included remains greatly debated in Masquelet technique. This study intended to determine the effect of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) spacer loaded with different vancomycin concentrations on bone defect repair. Hollow cylindrical spacers consisting of PMMA and varying vancomycin concentrations (0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g) were prepared. Critical bone defects of rabbits were created at the radial shaft, and spacers were implanted and subsequently intramedullary fixed with retrograde Kirschner’s wires (n = 4 for each vancomycin concentration). After 4 weeks, the induced membranes were opened and cancellous allografts were implanted into the defects. Eight weeks post-operatively, the results of X-ray, histology, and micro-CT revealed that some cortical bone was formed to bridge the gap and the bone marrow cavity was formed over time. Quantitatively, there was more new bone formation in the groups with a relatively lower vancomycin concentration (1–4 g) compared with that in the groups with a higher vancomycin concentration (6–10 g). Our findings suggested that PMMA spacers loaded with relatively lower vancomycin concentrations (1–4 g) did not interfere with new bone formation, whereas spacers loaded with relatively higher vancomycin concentrations (6–10 g) had negative effects on bone formation.
Conformality of atomic layer deposition in microchannels: impact of process parameters on the simulated thickness profile
Authors: Yim Jihong , Verkama Emma , Velasco Jorge A. , Arts Karsten , Puurunen Riikka L.
Published: March 2022

We simulated thickness profiles of atomic layer deposited thin films by a diffusion–reaction model in two flow regimes. The thickness profiles were affected by process parameters such as density of film, sticking coefficient, and growth per cycle.
Electrochemistry under confinement
Authors: Jaugstetter Maximilian , Blanc Niclas , Kratz Markus , Tschulik Kristina
Published: March 2022

Although the term ‘confinement’ regularly appears in electrochemical literature, up until today the various aspects of confinement in electrochemistry are rather scattered individual contributions outside the established disciplines in this field.
Tuning the electronic property of Pd nanoparticles by encapsulation within ZIF-67 shells towards enhanced performance in 1,3-butadiene hydrogenation
Authors: Qi Lixue , Dai Jiajun , Liao Yichen , Tian Jian , Sun Daohua
Published: March 2022

The low olefin selectivity of Pd-based catalysts is a long-term challenge for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene.
In situgrowth of MOF-derived sulfur vacancy-rich CdS nanoparticles on 2D polymers for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation
Authors: Shi Jinyan , Zhang Jie , Cui Zhiwei , Chu Siqi , Wang Ying , Zou Zhigang
Published: March 2022

A CdS (MOF)/PI heterojunction is prepared byin-situgrowing MOF-derived CdS (MOF) on the surface of PI. The large amount of surface vacancies CdS (MOF) provide abundant active sites, greatly improves the electron-hole separation efficiency.
Luminescent cyclometalated alkynylplatinum(ii) complexes with 1,3-di(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene ligands: synthesis, electrochemistry, photophysics and computational studies
Authors: Hruzd Mariia , le Poul Nicolas , Cordier Marie , Kahlal Samia , Saillard Jean-Yves , Achelle Sylvain , Gauthier Sébastien , Robin-le Guen Françoise
Published: March 2022

A series of phosphorescent cyclometalated chloro- and alkynyl-platinum(ii) complexes bearing various tridentate N^C^N-cyclometalated ligands derived from 1,3-bis(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzene is designed.
Ultrathin perovskite derived Ir-based nanosheets for high-performance electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Liu Shangheng , Zhang Yingtian , Mao Xinnan , Li Ling , Zhang Ying , Li Leigang , Pan Yu , Li Xingang , Wang Lu , Shao Qi , Xu Yong , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: March 2022

2D ultrathin capping agent-free Ir-based nanosheets have been fabricated via a facile strategy by thermally treating ZnIr(OH)6 perovskite hydroxide, which can serve as promising electrocatalysts for overall water splitting.
A practical route to arylated dihydroacridine derivatives via nickel boride mediated intramolecular reductive cyclization-concomitant dehydration
Authors: Sarkar Rumpa , Samanta Surya Kanta , Hasija Avantika , Chopra Deepak , Ganguly Debabani , Bera Mrinal K.
Published: March 2022

A facile and highly efficient route towards 3-aryl-1,2-dihydroacridine derivatives from an aldol adduct of o-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexenone derivatives has been described.
Controllable dispersion of cobalt phthalocyanine molecules on graphene oxide for enhanced electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Huang Weifeng , Li Junqiang , Xu Xiao , Cao Aihui , He Ying , Sun Miao , Kang Longtian
Published: March 2022

FECO of >90% was achieved within ∼0.4 V, and the optimal FECO of >96% can be obtained at −0.9 V.
Toward continuous production of high-quality nanomaterials using microfluidics: nanoengineering the shape, structure and chemical composition
Authors: Sebastian Victor
Published: March 2022

Microfluidic systems are versatile tools to reproduce in continuous flow the size, shape and chemical composition of nanomaterials and to engineer new materials of unique properties.
Pore and grain chemistry during sintering of garnet-type Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 solid-state electrolytes
Authors: Hammons Joshua A. , Espitia J. Ali , Ramos Erika , Shi Rongpei , Meisenkothen Frederick , Wood Marissa , Cerón Maira R. , Ye Jianchao
Published: March 2022

Graphic illustrating the chemical reactions that occur during sintering of LLZTO pellets up to 1100 °C.
Identifying the grade of bladder cancer cells using microfluidic chips based on impedance
Authors: Fan Weihua , Xiong Qiao , Ge Yuqing , liu Ting , Zeng Shuxiong , Zhao Jianlong
Published: March 2022

Bladder cancer diagnosis is made by microfluidic chip based-on impedance analysis.
Spherical nucleic acid reporter-based cascade CRISPR/Cas12a amplifier for stable and sensitive biosensing of circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Zhou Min , Yin Yao , Shi Yuyan , Huang Zhaoxin , Shi Yu , Chen Mei , Ke Guoliang , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: March 2022

A spherical nucleic acid reporter-based cascade CRISPR/Cas12a amplifier was developed for ctDNA biosensing with improved stability and sensitivity.
Rare-earth metal complexes with redox-active formazanate ligands
Authors: Jin Da , Sun Xiaofei , Hinz Alexander , Roesky Peter W.
Published: March 2022

A series of novel tris(formazanate) and mono(formazanate) rare-earth metal complexes were synthesised and their electrochemical properties were explored.
Correction: A photochromic zinc-based coordination polymer for a Li-ion battery anode with high capacity and stable cycling stability
Authors: Xia Shu-Biao , Li Fu-Shao , Shen Xiang , Li Xue , Cheng Fei-Xiang , Sun Cheng-Ke , Guo Hong , Liu Jian-Jun
Published: March 2022

Correction for ‘A photochromic zinc-based coordination polymer for a Li-ion battery anode with high capacity and stable cycling stability’ by Shu-Biao Xia et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 13222–13228, DOI: 10.1039/C8DT02930J.
Synthesis of jet fuel range polycyclic alkanes and aromatics from furfuryl alcohol and isoprene
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Li Guangyi , Wang Aiqin , Cong Yu , Wang Xiaodong , Li Ning
Published: March 2022

Jet fuel range C10 and C15 polycyclic alkanes and aromatics were synthesized with furfuryl alcohol and isoprene, two platform compounds which can be derived from lignocellulose.
Highly efficient catalysts of ruthenium clusters on Fe3O4/MWCNTs for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ramachandra Shwetha Kolathur , Nagaraju Doddahalli Hanumantharayudu , Marappa Shivanna , Kapse Samadhan , Thapa Ranjit
Published: March 2022

Anchoring of Ru onto the Fe3O4/MWCNTs composite, its HER mechanism and DFT calculated change in Gibbs free energy of adsorbed hydrogen are described.
Development of a new approach for the synthesis of (+)-15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 methyl ester based on the [2+2]-cycloadduct of 5-trimethylsilylcyclopentadiene and dichloroketene
Authors: Gimazetdinov Airat M. , Al’mukhametov Aidar Z. , Miftakhov Mansur S.
Published: March 2022

This paper described a first example of the application of the “abnormal” lactone of 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-2-one topology in targeted prostaglandin synthesis.
Iodoperfluoroalkylation of unactivated alkenes via pyridine-boryl radical initiated atom-transfer radical addition
Authors: Cao Jia , Li Guoao , Wang Guoqiang , Gao Liuzhou , Li Shuhua
Published: March 2022

The pyridine-boryl radical is found to be able to initiate the atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of olefins with perfluoroalkyl iodides.
Micrometer-size double-helical structures from phospholipid-modified carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ghellab Salah Eddine , Han Xiaojun
Published: March 2022

Double-helical phospholipid-modified carbon nanotube structures were constructed via the self-assembly of phospholipids on carbon nanotubes.
On the electrochemical properties of the Fe–Ti doped LNMO material LiNi0.5Mn1.37Fe0.1Ti0.03O3.95
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Geßwein Holger , Indris Sylvio , Müller Marcus , Binder Joachim R.
Published: March 2022

While maintaining a uniform morphology, the crystal chemistry of a Fe–Ti doped LNMO-material (LNMFTO) is varied systematically. Promising electrochemical properties are found and some long established assumptions about LNMO materials are challenged.
Capacitive studies of electrodeposited PEDOT-maleimide
Authors: Wu Yuhang , Nagane Samadhan S. , Sitarik Peter , Chhatre Shrirang , Lee Junghyun , Martin David C.
Published: March 2022

Polymer films formed by the electrodeposition of EDOT-maleimide are smoother, stiffer, and have higher capacitance than unmodified PEDOT.
Double network hydrogels for energy/environmental applications: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Li Liqing , Wu Panwang , Yu Fei , Ma Jie
Published: March 2022

Since the advent of double network (DN) hydrogels nearly 20 years ago, they have flourished as smart soft materials.
Structure, composition and electrochemical performance analysis of fluorophosphates from different synthetic methods: is really Na3V2(PO4)2F3 synthesized?
Authors: Li Long , Zhao Jing , Zhao Hongyang , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Xiaolong , Wu Hu , Song Zhongxiao , Ding Shujiang
Published: March 2022

This work provides a reliable view for understanding the phase and composition of as-prepared Na3V2(PO4)2F3, showing that the proper introduction of oxygen substitution for fluorine is beneficial to the electrochemical performance.
Paradoxical effects of osteoprotegerin on vascular function: inhibiting inflammation while promoting oxidative stress?
Authors: Le Nhat-Tu , Olmsted-Davis Elizabeth A. , Abe Jun-ichi
Published: March 2022

Osteoprotegerin (OPG), also known as osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B, is well known as a modulator of bone remodeling. The contribution of OPG to cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested, but its molecular mechanism is complex and remains unclear. In the present study, Alves-Lopes et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2021) 135(20): https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20210643) reported the critical role of syndecan-1 (SDC-1, also known as CD138), a surface protein part of the endothelial glycocalyx, in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. The authors found that in endothelial cells (ECs), through SDC-1, OPG increased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting eNOS activity. Furthermore, the OPG–SDC-1 interaction increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through NOX1/4 activation. Both the reduced eNOS activity and induced ROS production inhibited NO production and impaired EC function. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the OPG–SDC-1 interaction increased ROS production through NOX1/4 activation, subsequently increased MLC phosphorylation-mediated Rho kinase-MYPT1 regulation, leading to increased vascular contraction. Ultilizing wire myography and mechanistic studies, the authors nicely provide the evidence that SDC-1 plays a crucial role in OPG-induced vascular dysfunction. As we mentioned above, the molecular mechanism and roles of OPG in cardiovascular system are complex and somewhat confusing. In this commentary, we briefly summarize the OPG-mediated signaling pathways in cardiovascular system.
Counseling Clients With Dysphagia: A Resource for Clinicians
Authors: Lawton Jolene
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

It is well documented that dysphagia can negatively impact a person's quality of life. Little, if any, formal training is given to a speech-language pathologist (SLP) in counseling this population. Included in this clinical focus article is an overview of counseling techniques, both those that are more commonly covered in speech-language pathology literature and several techniques not found in the speech-language pathology literature. Suggestions for practical application of counseling techniques are provided, with hypothetical examples related to this client population. The clinical focus article aims to serve as a tool for clinicians seeking more information about counseling people with dysphagia.

Conclusions:

There is a clear need for counseling skills when working with people with dysphagia and their caregivers. Opportunities for counseling clients with dysphagia include breaking bad news, navigating negative thoughts and feelings about their dysphagia, and counseling the caregiver. Existing counseling approaches can be applied, but clinicians need to learn how to implement them competently. Counseling our clients promotes person-centered care and may be an important first step in helping to improve a person's quality of life.
Medical image super‐resolution using correlation filter interleaved progressive convolution network (CFIPC)
Authors: Sharma Ajay , Shrivastava Bhavana Prakash
Published: March 2022

In medical image diagnosis, performance is affected because of degradation in image resolution, imaging equipment and imaging parameters. Currently, deep learning has gained much attention from researchers due to its capability to maintain perceptual quality after reconstruction. Therefore, this letter is motivated by the advantages of deep learning and proposes a novel model termed as the correlation filter interleaved progressive convolution network (CFIPC). In this letter, dilated convolution interleaved with a correlation filter expands the receptive field without any pixel information losses. The result analysis was performed on DRIVE, CHASEB1, MRI, ultrasound and histopathological dataset medical datasets at 2x/4x/8x/16x upscaling factors and achieved the highest PSNR/SSIM value of 50.54/0.9986 at a 2x upscaling factor on the histopathological dataset.
Experimental verification of the potential of superhydrophobic surfaces in reducing audible noise on HVAC overhead line conductors
Authors: Zhang Xu , Cotton Ian , Li Qi , Rowland Simon M. , Emersic Christopher , Lian Chengxing , Li Wenyuan
Published: March 2022

Overhead line conductors can generate audible noise across a wide frequency spectrum as a result of elevated electric fields at the conductor surface. Such fields are enhanced by the presence of surface defects, insects, water drops and pollution. Within this paper, the impact of a superhydrophobic coating on the audible noise produced by an overhead line conductor is examined. Noise levels from a conductor coated with a superhydrophobic coating were compared to those from a bare conductor in a semi‐anechoic chamber. The conductors were energised at voltages to provide surface electric fields ranging from 6 kV/cm to 21 kV/cm (rms). With a continuous water spray system depositing droplets on the conductor surface, the frequency domain sound pressure level, overall sound pressure levels and corona discharge magnitude were measured. It is demonstrated that the use of a superhydrophobic coating reduced audible noise levels and corona discharge magnitude, especially at electric fields above 14 kV/cm. The image analysis suggests that the water drop size distribution and the position of surface droplets on the conductor circumference play an important role in the magnitude of audible noise.
Image classification using convolutional neural network with wavelet domain inputs
Authors: Wang Luyuan , Sun Yankui
Published: March 2022

Commonly used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) usually compress high‐resolution input images. Although it reduces the computation requirements into a reasonable range, the downsampling operation causes information loss, which affects the accuracy of image classification. How to adopt high‐resolution image inputs to improve the quality of input information and thus improve the classification accuracy without changing the overall structure of the pre‐defined CNN model or increasing the model parameters is an important issue. Here, a CNN model with wavelet domain inputs is proposed to provide a solving scheme. Specifically, the proposed method applies wavelet packet transform or dual‐tree complex wavelet transform to extract information from input images with higher resolutions in the image pre‐processing stage. Some subband image channels are selected as the inputs of conventional CNNs where the first several convolutional layers are removed, so that the networks directly learn in the wavelet domain. Experiment results on the Caltech‐256 dataset and the Describable Textures Dataset with the ResNet‐50 show that the classification accuracy of our method can have a maximum improvement of 2.15% and 10.26%, respectively. These validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme. This code is publicly available at https://github.com/BeBeBerr/wavelet‐cnn.
Unsupervised person re‐identification by part‐compensated soft multi‐label learning
Authors: Yang Weiping , Zhang De
Published: March 2022

Most existing re‐ID models are developed based on supervised learning, which relies on plenty of manually labelled pairwise data for training. However, in many practical applications, such deep re‐ID models are not scalable because of lacking sufficient annotated data. To address this problem, the superiority of unsupervised person re‐ID methods have been reported and become more popular recently. In this paper, an unsupervised framework based on part‐compensated soft multi‐label learning is presented, which aims to explore the potential label information for unlabelled persons through mining both global and part level visual features. This re‐ID framework is mainly composed of global clustering, part clustering and multi‐label assignment. During clustering process, the results of part‐level clustering are compensated into global clustering, allowing the network to learn more detailed information of pedestrians. Meanwhile, fuzzy clustering is used to generate soft multi‐labels instead of commonly used single‐label clustering. To further optimize the model, a cross‐domain excitation parameter is introduced to relieve the background interference arising in the inter‐domain view intersection. The proposed approach is evaluated on three public datasets, including Market‐1501, DukeMTMC‐reID, and MSMT17. Extensive experiments are carried out and this network can outperform the state‐of‐the‐art unsupervised re‐ID models.
A novel analog controller design scheme for LLC resonant converter used in battery charging application
Authors: Saadati Masoud , Ghayebloo Abbas , Taheri Asghar
Published: March 2022

A new generation of batteries must be charged according to the charging curves recommended by battery manufacturers. For high reliability, low cost, high speed, and pulse by pulse protection ability, the controller of these chargers are commonly designed by analog circuits. Analog controllers can be implemented by internal circuits of analog controller ICs with additional passive elements. This paper proposes a controller design approach for battery charger applications with an LLC converter. The proposed approach stands on a novel method for applying the well‐known least‐squares (LS) identification method for designing the classic controller with changing the identification problem to the design problem. Compared with other methods, the proposed approach benefits from design a controller with desired structure and desired performance, simultaneously. Here, modelling of LLC converter has been carried out by the first harmonic approximation (FHA) method. For controller design, the linear model has been extracted by linearizing the non‐linear FHA model. In addition, for providing the reduced switching losses and increased efficiency, the passive elements of the resonance tank and isolation transformer ratio have been designed to operate the converter in the zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) region. To verify the controller and designed converter, some simulation and experimental results are provided.
A grid reinforcement approach for an optimized planning of high‐voltage distribution grids under consideration of line loading indicators
Authors: Miller Markus , Rudion Krzysztof , Nägele Haiko , Schnaars Julia
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a new time‐series‐based approach for the planning of high‐voltage distribution grids, with the aim to use the existing grid structure in the best possible way and to enable an optimal integration of renewable energies sources (RES) into the existing grid structure. For planning the grid, the required grid reinforcements should be carried out in a clearly defined manner and should be targeted to be as low as possible. For this purpose, first the developed planning method determines the line loading indicators from the number and severity of line overloadings in the time‐series‐based contingency analysis while also considering the line losses as well as the average line loading in the normal state. Then, these indicators will be used in the planning approach to automatically carry out suitable grid reinforcements and expansion measures until the grid fulfils the (n−1)‐security. This planning approach also considers the information about the grid topology, such as free‐circuits in the line route and line towers for two or four circuits, for an efficient and technically feasible grid expansion. In the end, the capability of each line loading indicators used in this work is also validated by performing an economic comparison of necessary grid reinforcement.
The CH4 abundance in Jupiter’s upper atmosphere
Authors: Sánchez-López A. , López-Puertas M. , García-Comas M. , Funke B. , Fouchet T. , Snellen I. A. G.
Published: March 2022

Hydrocarbon species, and in particular CH4, play a key role in the stratosphere-thermosphere boundary of Jupiter, which occurs around the μ-bar pressure level. Previous analyses of solar occultation, He and Ly-α airglow, and ISO/SWS measurements of the radiance around 3.3 μm have inferred significantly different methane concentrations. Here we aim to accurately model the CH4 radiance at 3.3 μm measured by ISO/SWS by using a comprehensive non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model and the most recent collisional rates measured in the laboratory for CH4 to shed new light onto the methane concentration in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter. These emission bands have been shown to present a peak contribution precisely at the μ-bar level, hence directly probing the region of interest. We find that a high CH4 concentration is necessary to explain the data, in contrast with the most recent analyses, and that the observations favour the lower limit of the latest laboratory measurements of the CH4 collisional relaxation rates. Our results provide precise constraints on the composition and dynamics of the lower atmosphere of Jupiter.
The chemical footprint of AGN feedback in the outflowing circumnuclear disk of NGC 1068
Authors: Huang K.-Y. , Viti S. , Holdship J. , García-Burillo S. , Kohno K. , Taniguchi A. , Martn S. , Aladro R. , Fuente A. , Sánchez-García M.
Published: March 2022

Context. In the nearby (D = 14 Mpc) AGN-starburst composite galaxy NGC 1068, it has been found that the molecular gas in the circumnuclear disk (CND) is outflowing, which is a manifestation of ongoing AGN feedback. The outflowing gas has a large spread of velocities, which likely drive different shock chemistry signatures at different locations in the CND.

Aims. We performed a multiline molecular study using two shock tracers, SiO and HNCO, with the aim of determining the gas properties traced by these two species, and we explore the possibility of reconstructing the shock history in the CND.

Methods. Five SiO transitions and three HNCO transitions were imaged at high resolution 0.​​″5 − 0.​​″8 with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We performed both LTE and non-LTE radiative transfer analysis coupled with Bayesian inference process in order to characterize the gas properties, such as the molecular gas density and gas temperature.

Results. We found clear evidence of chemical differentiation between SiO and HNCO, with the SiO/HNCO ratio ranging from greater than one on the east of CND to lower than 1 on the west side. The non-LTE radiative transfer analysis coupled with Bayesian inference confirms that the gas traced by SiO has different densities – and possibly temperatures – than that traced by HNCO. We find that SiO traces gas affected by fast shocks while the gas traced by HNCO is either affected by slow shocks or not shocked at all.

Conclusions. A distinct differentiation between SiO and HNCO has been revealed in our observations and our further analysis of the gas properties traced by both species confirms the results of previous chemical modelings.
Discovery of a new molecular ion, HC7NH+, in TMC-1
Authors: Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Marcelino N. , Tercero B. , Fuentetaja R. , de Vicente P. , Cernicharo J.
Published: March 2022

We report the detection of the protonated form of HC7N in TMC-1. The discovery of the cation HC7NH+ was carried out via the observation of nine harmonically related lines in the Q-band using the Yebes 40 m radiotelescope. The observed frequencies allowed us to obtain the rotational constants B0 = 553.938802 (160) MHz and D0 = 3.6292 (705) Hz. The identification of HC7NH+ is further supported by accurate ab initio calculations. We derived a column density of (5.5 ± 0.7) × 1010 cm−2, which constitutes another piece of evidence for the identification of the carrier. In addition, we revised the HC7N column density and we derived a new value of (2.1 ± 0.2) × 1013 cm−2. Hence, the abundance ratio HC7N/HC7NH+ is ∼380, while those for HC3N/HC3NH+ and HC5N/HC5NH+ are ∼230 and ∼240, respectively. Here, we discuss these results within the framework of a chemical model for protonated molecules in cold dense clouds.
Non-metallic inclusions in a superalloy during refining through cold crucible levitation melting process
Authors: Gao Xiaoyong , Zhang Lin , Zhang Lifeng , Qu Xuanhui
Published: March 2022

Oxide and nitride inclusions in a Ni-based superalloy during the cold crucible levitation melting (CCLM) process were investigated towards a better understanding for the removal of inclusions from the metal. The number, morphology, size distribution and spatial distribution of inclusions were characterized using an automated scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Inclusions in the alloy were efficiently agglomerated and removed by floating during CCLM process. Inclusion clusters as big as 30-400 ?m were observed. Oxide clusters were efficiently floated during pouring process. The removal ratios of oxides were about 21% without pouring and 62% with pouring, respectively. Additionally, CCLM promotes the separation of oxides from nitrides. The effect of CCLM on the removal of nitride inclusions is not such evident compared with oxides. The mechanism of inclusion removal during CCLM was clarified.
State-of-the-Art-Bildgebung des Rektumkarzinoms
Authors: Schäfer Arnd-Oliver
Published: March 2022

Das Rektumkarzinom zählt zu den aggressiven Krebsarten, da es zur Ausbildung von Metastasen und Rezidiven neigt. Vor diesem Hintergrund entstand das Konzept der risikoadaptierten
Patientenselektion zu multimodalen Therapien. Das Portfolio der Auswahlkriterien wird durch die differenzierte Analyse neuester Daten kontinuierlich angepasst, wobei die spezialisierte MRT
als Gatekeeper im Zentrum der Therapieentscheidung steht.
Eigenfettinjektion bei Rhizarthrose: 5 Jahresergebnisse bei 42 Patienten
Authors: Herold Christian , Lange Janina , Rennekampff Hans Oliver , Allert Sixtus , Meyer Marcotty Max
Published: March 2022

Hintergrund Die bislang publizierten Kurzzeitergebnisse nach Eigenfetttransplantation zur Therapie der Rhizarthrose waren vielversprechend. Bisher lagen aber noch keine
Langzeitergebnisse über 5 Jahre vor.

Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie wurden 42 Patienten über einen durchschnittlichen Zeitraum von 5 Jahren nachuntersucht. Es war eine manuelle Liposuktion und eine Zentrifugation
der Fetttransplantate erfolgt. Nachuntersucht wurden Schmerzen nach NAS, Kraft des Faustschlusses und des Pinch-Griffes sowie eine Analyse mithilfe des DASH-Scores.

Ergebnisse Die Schmerzen im gesamten Patientengut konnten von 8,0 ± 1, 6 auf 4,0 ± 3,0 5 Jahre nach Eigenfetttransplantation reduziert werden. Die Kraft des Grobgriffes betrug 71%
und des Pinch-Griffes 60% im Vergleich zu der nicht operierten Seite präoperativ. Die Kraft konnte durch die Eigenfettinjektion verbessert werden. Die Kraft des Grobgriffes betrug 100% und
die des Pinch-Griffes 96% im Vergleich zu der nicht operierten Seite zum Nachuntersuchungszeitpunkt. Die Verbesserungen des DASH-Scores zeigten sich in vergleichbarer Weise. Die
Schmerzreduktion sowohl bei Belastung als auch in Ruhe, die Verbesserungen der Greifkraft sowohl für den Pinch-Griff als auch für die Grobkraft und des DASH-Scores waren statistisch
signifikant. Komplikationen traten nicht auf.

Zusammenfassung Die Eigenfetttransplantation ist eine echte Alternative zur Trapezektomie bei der Therapie der Rhizarthrose – auch im Langzeitverlauf. Die geringe Invasivität der
Prozedur und die schnelle Rekonvaleszenz der Patienten im Vergleich zu Resektionsarthroplastiken und die deutlich besseren Langzeitergebnisse in Vergleich zu anderen Injektionstherapien
erlauben es, die Eigenfetttransplantation als First-Line-Therapie bei der Daumensattelgelenksarthrose anzubieten, da sie stabile Langzeitergebnisse und eine hohe Patientenzufriedenheit
bietet.
Arzt und Gesellschaft: Zum Wandel des Berufsbildes Arzt in der Mitte
des 19. Jahrhunderts, ein sozialmedizinisches Konzept von Salomon
Neumann
Authors: Gostomzyk Johannes
Published: March 2022

Der ärztliche Beruf ist kein Gewerbe, er ist seiner Natur nach ein freier
Beruf. (Bundesärzteordnung). Die Institution Arztpraxis und der
Arztberuf unterliegen jedoch jeweils aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen,
derzeit besonders geprägt von den Regeln der Gesundheitsökonomie
und der Digitalisierung. Salomon Neumann, er gilt mit Rudolf Virchow als
Begründer der Sozialmedizin in Deutschland, veröffentlichte 1847
die Vision der Befreiung akademisch ausgebildeter Ärzte aus der
für Handwerker und andere Berufe geltenden Gewerbeordnung. Er
konzipierte, auf der für öffentliches Handeln geltenden Basis
von Recht und Vernunft, die Gründung einer Assoziation, einer neuen
Standesvertretung der bisher isoliert tätigen Ärzte in Freiheit,
solidarischer Ordnung und Selbstverwaltung. Das Scheitern der
bürgerlichen Revolution 1849 mit anschließender
gesellschaftlicher Restauration verzögerten innovative Entwicklungen.
Die Professionalisierung der Ärzteschaft beginnt mit der Bildung eines
ärztlichen Einheitsstandes 1852, der Bildung von Ärztekammern in
den 1860er Jahren, der Gründung des Deutschen Ärztevereinsbundes
1872 als Dachorganisation und der Gründung von
Landesärztekammern 1948 als Körperschaften öffentlichen
Rechts.
Characteristics of Interferon-Associated Diabetes Mellitus in Past 30 Years: A Review
Authors: Wang Linghuan , Chen Kang , Wang Meirong , Lv Zhaohui , Gu Weijun , Wang Xianling , Ni Qi , Mu Yiming
Published: March 2022

Interferon (IFN) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent that activates cell surface receptors and causes cells to produce antiviral proteins, inhibiting viral replication. Interferon use has long been associated with diabetes. The PubMed database was searched for articles related to diabetes and interferon from March 30, 2020. Patients were divided into type 1 diabetes group and type 2 diabetes group. We reviewed the relevant literature to compare interferon-associated T1D and interferon-associated T2D differences. Interferon treatment shortened the incubation period of T2D and changed the original T2D to T1D. The onset of interferon-associated T1D required longer periods of IFN treatment than interferon-associated T2D, and the interferon-associated T1D group had higher GADA positive rates, lower BMI, lower fasting blood glucose, and greater insulin dependence (p<0.05). More patients in the T1D group were positive for HLA-DRB1*04, DRB1*03, DRB1*09, DRB1*14, HLA-DQB1*04, HLA-DQB1*02, HLA-DQB1*03, and HLA-DQB1*05. The combined detection of GAD antibodies and HLA alleles may be an effective method to predict the incidence of T1D after IFN treatment.
Global Research Trends in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus from 2000 to
2020: A Bibliometric Study
Authors: Chen Hongyan , Wei Fengxiang , Chen Xiaohang , Chen Ken
Published: March 2022

Aims This study analyzed major trends and topics in the field of
gestational diabetes mellitus research between 2000 and 2020.

Methods Studies that investigated gestational diabetes mellitus published
between 2000 and 2020 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection
database. Data from the identified studies were analyzed using CiteSpace
software.

Results A total of 22,713 publications were retrieved, among which 21,722
publications were included in this scientometric analysis. Clustering analysis
revealed 13 themes across all fields. Physical activity is an emerging trend.
Co-word analysis showed that subject high-frequency keywords were: risk factor,
obesity, insulin resistance, prevalence, and association. Centrality indices
identified the most influential keywords to be: body mass index, risk factors,
gestational weight gain, and obesity. Burst keywords revealed that there were
six research frontier subtopics: i) prediction of adverse neonatal outcomes in
gestational diabetes mellitus; ii) postpartum period research – blood
glucose levels and insulin resistance; iii) meta-analysis –
understanding the best evidence in pregnancy gestational diabetes mellitus; iv)
gene expression profiles and DNA methylation in gestational diabetes mellitus;
v) biomarkers for predicting higher birth and children weights; and vi)
discussion on diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus
classification.

Conclusion The number of studies on gestational diabetes mellitus is
increasing. For two decades, the United States has been the global leader in the
number of published studies. Studies on gestational diabetes mellitus are mainly
from developed countries, with a few of them being from developing countries. An
emerging field of research aims at elucidating the association between physical
activity and gestational diabetes mellitus.
The Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Bone Health: State of the Art and New Recognized Links
Authors: Mendonça Fernando , Soares Raquel , Carvalho Davide , Freitas Paula
Published: March 2022

Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective therapy for severe obesity, which improves several comorbidities (such as diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, among others) and results in marked weight loss. Despite these consensual beneficial effects, sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (the two main bariatric techniques) have also been associated with changes in bone metabolism and progressive bone loss. The objective of this literature review is to examine the impact of bariatric surgery on bone and its main metabolic links, and to analyze the latest findings regarding the risk of fracture among patients submitted to bariatric surgery.