bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colon cancer presenting as pseudo-obstruction during pregnancy – A case report
Authors: Makhijani Reeva , Bhagat Vicky H , Fayek Mariam
Published: May 2017

The incidence of colorectal cancer in pregnancy is between 0.002 and 0.008%. Diagnosis is often delayed as symptoms of colorectal cancer can mimic as common complaints of pregnancy. We present the case of a 29-year-old with a history of chronic constipation who presented in the second trimester with abdominal pain, inability to tolerate anything orally and no bowel movement in more than three weeks. Non-contrast MRI at presentation failed to show an obstructing mass. Patient was treated conservatively for presumed pseudo-obstruction secondary to worsening constipation from chronic ondansetron use and pregnancy. After four days without clinical improvement, she had a colonoscopy that revealed a completely obstructing sigmoid mass, which biopsies confirmed was a primary colorectal adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent a total abdominal colectomy. She was referred to medical oncology and began adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin and oxaloplatin four weeks post-operatively.
Numerical analysis of the dynamic flame response of a spray flame for aero-engine applications
Authors: Innocenti Alessandro , Andreini Antonio , Facchini Bruno , Peschiulli Antonio
Published: May 2017

Incoming standards on NO x emissions are motivating many aero-engine manufacturers to adopt the lean burn combustion concept. One of the most critical issues affecting this kind of technology is the occurrence of thermo-acoustic instabilities that may compromise combustor life and integrity. Therefore the prediction of the thermo-acoustic behaviour of the system becomes of primary importance. In this paper, the complex interaction between the system acoustics and a turbulent spray flame for aero-engine applications is numerically studied. The dynamic flame response is computed exploiting reactive URANS simulations and system identification techniques. Great attention has been devoted to the impact of liquid fuel evolution and droplet dynamics. For this purpose, the GE Avio PERM (partially evaporating and rapid mixing) lean injection system has been analysed, focussing attention on the effect of several modelling parameters on the combustion and on the predicted flame response. A frequency analysis has also been set up and exploited to obtain even more insight on the dynamic flame response of the spray flame. The application is one of the few in the literature where the dynamic flame response of spray flames is numerically investigated, providing a description in terms of flame transfer function and detailed information on the physical phenomena.
Arthroscopically-assisted Latarjet: an easy and reproducible technique for improving the accuracy of graft and screw placement
Authors: Taverna Ettore , Guarrella Vincenzo , Cartolari Roberto , Ufenast Henri , Broffoni Laura , Barea Christophe , Garavaglia Guido
Published: May 2017

Background

The effectiveness of the Latarjet largely depends on accurate graft placement, as well as on proper position and direction of the screws. We present our technique for an arthroscopically-assisted Latarjet comparing radiological results with the open technique.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the postoperative computed tomography scans of 38 patients who underwent a Latarjet procedure. For 16 patients, the procedure was performed with the open technique and, for 22 patients, it was performed using an arthroscopically-assisted technique. An independent radiologist evaluated graft and hardware position, as well as graft integration or resorption. Postoperative complications were also documented.

Results

The graft was correctly placed in only 18.8% of cases in the open group and 72.7% of cases in the arthroscopically-assisted group. There were no postoperative complications in the arthroscopically-assisted group, whereas one patient had a recurrence and two required hardware removal in the open group.

Conclusions

The Latarjet procedure is a challenging procedure for which a key point is the correct placement of the coracoid graft onto the glenoid neck and correct position of the screws. The present study substantiates a clear benefit for the use of a guide with an arthroscopically-assisted technique in terms of graft and hardware placement. At short-term follow-up, there appears to be a benefit for graft integration and avoidance of resorption.
How Many Atheists Are There?
Authors: Gervais Will M. , Najle Maxine B.
Published: May 2017

One crucible for theories of religion is their ability to predict and explain the patterns of belief and disbelief. Yet, religious nonbelief is often heavily stigmatized, potentially leading many atheists to refrain from outing themselves even in anonymous polls. We used the unmatched count technique and Bayesian estimation to indirectly estimate atheist prevalence in two nationally representative samples of 2,000 U.S. adults apiece. Widely cited telephone polls (e.g., Gallup, Pew) suggest U.S. atheist prevalence of only 3–11%. In contrast, our most credible indirect estimate is 26% (albeit with considerable estimate and method uncertainty). Our data and model predict that atheist prevalence exceeds 11% with greater than .99 probability and exceeds 20% with roughly .8 probability. Prevalence estimates of 11% were even less credible than estimates of 40%, and all intermediate estimates were more credible. Some popular theoretical approaches to religious cognition may require heavy revision to accommodate actual levels of religious disbelief.
Mere Membership in Racially Diverse Groups Reduces Conformity
Authors: Gaither Sarah E. , Apfelbaum Evan P. , Birnbaum Hannah J. , Babbitt Laura G. , Sommers Samuel R.
Published: May 2017

Three studies assessed the impact of White individuals’ mere membership in racially diverse or homogeneous groups on conformity. In Study 1, White participants were randomly assigned to four-person groups that were racially diverse or homogeneous in which three confederates routinely endorsed clearly inferior college applicants for admission. Participants in diverse groups were significantly less likely to conform than those in homogeneous groups. Study 2 replicated these results using an online conformity paradigm, thereby isolating the effects of racial group composition from concomitant social cues in face-to-face settings. Study 3 presented a third condition—a diverse group that included one other White member. Individuals conformed less in both types of diverse groups as compared with the homogeneous group. Evidence suggests this was because Whites in homogeneous (vs. diverse) settings were more likely to reconsider their original decision after learning how other group members responded.
Ross-Konno Procedure With Cylinder Mitral Valve Replacement in 49 Days Old Infant
Authors: Fedevych Oleg , Yachnik Oleksandr , Mykychak Yaroslav , Ivanov Yaroslav , Borodinova Olga , Yemets Illya
Published: May 2017

A neonate with antenatally diagnosed severe aortic valve stenosis, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, left ventricular endocardial fibroelastosis, and severe mixed mitral valve disease was admitted to our center for balloon aortic valvuloplasty. On day 49, we performed a Ross-Konno procedure and mitral valve replacement on the baby, whose weight was 3.4 kg. Right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery continuity was restored with a handmade trileaflet Gore-Tex conduit. We used a handmade cylindrical prosthesis made from decellularized equine pericardium in the mitral position. We observed improvement in left ventricular function and good performance of aortic, pulmonary, and mitral prostheses at four months of follow-up.
The Effects of Shared Opinions on Nonverbal Mimicry
Authors: Van Swol Lyn M. , Drury-Grogan Meghann L.
Published: May 2017

People often mimic each other. Research has examined the positive social benefits of mimicry and factors that lead to increased mimicry. Two studies examine whether a participant is more likely to mimic nonverbal behavior of someone who shares the same opinion as the participant than someone who does not. The participant made a decision between two vacation destinations and discussed the choice in a three-person group. The two other group members were confederates. One agreed with the participant’s choice and one disagreed. Each confederate emitted a different nonverbal behavior consistently throughout discussion. Results offer some support to the hypothesis that the participant would be more likely to mimic nonverbal behavior of the confederate who is in agreement with the participant.
Effect of Preoperative Anemia on the Outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Phan Kevin , Wang Nelson , Kim Jun S. , Kothari Parth , Lee Nathan J. , Xu Joshua , Cho Samuel K.
Published: May 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

Preoperative anemia has been associated with an increased need for blood transfusions and postoperative complications. The effects of anemia on the outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) have not been explored. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative anemia and 30-day complications following ACDF surgery.

Methods:

Data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2005-2012) was used. Preoperative anemia was defined as hematocrit <39% for males and <36% for females. A bivariate analysis was performed on demographic and perioperative variables. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed, adjusting for patient variables, to identify independent risk factors for complications.

Results:

A total of 3500 patients were included of which 444 (12.7%) were anemic patients. Multivariate analysis was used to quantify the predictive power of anemia on key postoperative outcomes, while controlling for the other statistically significant. Preoperative anemia was found to be a statistically significant predictor of any complication (odds ratio [OR] = 1.853; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17-2.934; P = .0086), pulmonary complications (OR = 3.269; 95% CI = 1.745-6.126; P = .0002), intraoperative blood transfusion (OR = 4.364; 95% CI = 1.48-12.866; P = 0.0076), return to operating theatre (OR = 2.655; 95% CI = 1.539-4.582; P = .0005), and length of hospital stay more than 5 days (OR = 2.151; 95% CI = 1.499-3.085; P < .0001).

Conclusion:

Preoperative anemia appears to be a significant predictor of perioperative complications, reoperation, and extended length of hospital stay in patients undergoing elective ACDF. Future studies should explore outcomes of treatment of preoperative anemia prior to surgery to determine the optimal management strategy.
Frailty Is Predictive of Adverse Postoperative Events in Patients Undergoing Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Leven Dante M. , Lee Nathan J. , Kim Jun S. , Kothari Parth , Steinberger Jeremy , Guzman Javier , Skovrlj Branko , Shin John I. , Phan Kevin , Caridi John M. , Cho Samuel K.
Published: May 2017

Study Design:

Retrospective study of prospectively collected data.

Objective:

To analyze the modified frailty index (mFI) as a predictor of adverse postoperative events following posterior lumbar fusion.

Methods:

The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database including all adult patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion or transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion between 2005 and 2012. Outcomes measured included mortality, postoperative complications, length of stay, reoperations, and readmissions. The previously described mFI was calculated, and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze risk factors associated with morbidity, mortality, and adverse postoperative events. This study was qualified as exempt by the Mount Sinai Hospital Institutional Review Board.

Results:

A total of 6094 patients met inclusion criteria. The mean mFI was 0.087(0-0.545). Increasing mFI score was associated with increased complications, reoperations, prolonged length of stay (LOS), and morbidity ( P < .05). As the mFI score increased from 0.27 (3/11 variables present) to ≥0.36 (4/11), the rate of any complication increased from 26.8% to 35% ( P < .0001), sepsis 2.4% to 5.2% ( P < .0001), wound complications 4.4% to 6.5% ( P < .0001), unplanned readmissions 4.7% to 20% ( P = .02), and urinary tract infection 4.1% to 10.4% ( P < .0001). An mFI of ≥0.36 was an independent predictor of any complication (odds ratio [OR]= 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-3.7), sepsis (OR = 6.3, 95%, CI = 1.8-21), wound complications (OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), prolonged LOS (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.4-3.7), and readmission (OR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.5-12.7).

Conclusion:

Patients with higher mFI scores (≥ 4/11 variables) are at a significantly higher risk of major complications, readmissions, and prolonged LOS following lumbar fusion.
Postoperative Day 1 Discharge Following Elective Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Onsen Leonard Tiger , Rivers Marie , Cheski Rebecca , Izquierdo Rolando
Published: May 2017

Background

The number of shoulder arthroplasty procedures performed has greatly increased in recent years and this trend is expected to continue. However, accelerated recoveries by way of reduced postoperative hospital stays have not been studied for this patient population as extensively as in the hip and knee arthroplasty literature. The average length of stay for shoulder arthroplasty patients has consistently been found to be between 2 and 2.5 days. We conducted a study to determine whether postoperative day 1 (POD1) discharge would put patients at increased risk for complications and readmission following elective shoulder arthroplasty.

Methods

A retrospective review of patients who underwent shoulder arthroplasty (reverse or anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty) performed by one surgeon at one institution from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. All elective primary shoulder arthroplasty patients were included. Exclusion criteria included revision arthroplasty, humeral head replacement, humeral head resurfacing, and arthroplasty for fracture. Patient demographics, medical comorbidities, postoperative length of stay, hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge, and reason for readmission were collected. The 30-day readmission rate was the primary outcome used in determination of the safety of this practice.

Results

A total of 353 patients were found to meet our criteria, of which 205 (58.1%) were discharged on POD1. A total of 83 patients were discharged on postoperative day 2 or 3 (POD2-3) from 2008 to 2011. Of those discharged on POD1, 8 were found to have been readmitted to the hospital within 30 days of original discharge to give an overall readmission rate of 3.90%. The most common reason for readmission was dyspnea (3/8, 37.5%). No risk factors were found to be associated with increased likelihood of readmission in this patient group. There were 4 readmissions in the POD2-3 discharge group to give an overall readmission rate of 4.82% (4/83). No statistically significant difference was found between 30-day readmission rates of POD1 and POD2-3 discharge elective shoulder arthroplasty patients in this study or shoulder arthroplasty patients in general from other studies ( P > .100).

Conclusion

POD1 discharge following elective shoulder arthroplasty does not increase the risk for postoperative complications requiring hospital readmission. With shorter hospital stays, POD1 discharge following elective shoulder arthroplasty could provide a method to reduce healthcare expenditures.
Biochemical composition of the Australasian sea cucumber, Australostichopus mollis, from a nutritional point of view
Authors: Liu Feng , Zamora Leonardo , Jeffs Andrew , Quek Siew Young
Published: May 2017

Background

Sea cucumbers are highly prized seafood in Asia, where the demand for them has increased dramatically in recent years. However, nutritional information is only available for only a few of the commercially traded species.

Methods

In this study, the biochemical composition of the sea cucumber Australostichopus mollis was evaluated in terms of the major functional components: collagen, amino acid and fatty acid content using standard analytical procedures.

Results

The collagen, mostly type I, formed a homogeneously clustered network constituting 1.4% of the wet weight of adult A. mollis which is lower than for some other species of sea cucumber. The collagen consisted of α1 and α2 chains (around 116 kDa), α chain dimers, β chains (around 212 kDa), and small amounts of γ components. The most abundant amino acids were glycine, alanine, threonine, serine and proline (lysine/arginine ratio of 0.1). Threonine was the most abundant essential amino acid, followed by methionine and valine, while glycine was the dominant non-essential amino acid. The sea cucumbers had a low lipid content (0.2 and 0.1% of wet weight for the viscera and body wall, respectively) which is below the range reported for most other species of sea cucumber. The lipid contained high levels of PUFA (54%) compared to MUFA (23%) and SFA (24%). The dominant PUFA was arachidonic acid in both the body wall and viscera, followed by eicosapentaenoic acid.

Conclusions

Overall, the Australasian sea cucumber has strong potential as a functional food due to its high levels of PUFA and essential amino acids, comparing favourably with the most commercially valuable sea cucumbers.
Marx and Ecology
Authors: Николайчук  , Nikolaychuk Olga
Published: May 2017

The article presents the study of the heritage of Karl Marx and attempts to apply his views to the modern problems. On the basis of the method of ascent from the abstract to the concrete, and of the multidisciplinary approach it was be able to trace the urgent need and the ability to achieve the «humanization» of relations of the natural world in the human world. Not by chance 2017 is called the Year of the Environment. Alternative energy research problem will always remain relevant and new. Based on the study of foreign experience in the use of alternative energy sources, we investigated the prospects for the use of energy resources in the world in general and in Russia in particular.
The Impact of New Technologies and Human Capital on the Contribution of New Ways to the Economy of the Regions of the Northwest Federal District
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena , Басовский  , Basovskiy Leonid
Published: May 2017

Econometric impact assessments of new technologies and human capital on a contribution of new technological ways to per capita GDP in regions of Northwest Federal District of Russia are received. Coefficients of elasticity of a contribution of new ways to per capita GDP on use of the new technologies estimated by armament the work equity new fixed assets and for use of the human capital estimated by a share of busy workers with the higher education are estimated. The use of new technologies is the most effective in St. Petersburg, in the Murmansk, Leningrad regions and in the Komi Republic. Efficiency use of new technologies in the Pskov region is the lowest. The human capital is most effectively in the Komi Republic, the Murmansk and Leningrad regions. Efficiency use of a human capital in the Pskov region is the lowest.
Analysis of Economic Security’s Threats in the Construction of Providing Economic Security System
Authors: Дадалко  , Dadalko Vasiliy , Юдина  , Yudina A.
Published: May 2017

The article is devoted to the questions of threat analysis in modern conditions. The article analyses different approaches to the definitions «economic security» and «threat». The basic theoretical aspects of analysis of ES’s threats are considered and the importance of this phase — the threats analysis — in the construction of providing ES system is marked.
Workload audit: Thirty questions for your school
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2017

We all know that teachers work well beyond their designated hours, but just how can heads help to adjust the work/life balance for their staff? Drawing on the government's Workload Survey and expert working groups, Suzanne O'Connell poses 30 self-evaluation questions for schools
Boosting your budgets
Authors: Marti Sara
Published: May 2017

Budget pressures continue to build, with little sign of respite ahead. Sara Martin looks at how schools have been creating opportunities in their local communities and beyond to stretch and boost their budgets
Flowers in May
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: May 2017

Engage children with some flower-themed arts and crafts to celebrate the season and extend their creative use of colours, textures and shapes. Try a game of hide-and-seek with flowers cut out in card.
First aid essentials
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: May 2017

With a new emphasis on first aid training for early years settings, it is equally important that parents keep a well-equipped first aid box at home. Annette Rawstrone provides a guide to its contents.
In a world of colour
Authors: Williams Kate
Published: May 2017

Kate Williams suggests guessing games to do with bright colours, that will stimulate children's logical thinking, imagination and communication skills. Provide open-ended questions to extend learning.
A new arrival!
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: May 2017

Welcoming a new brother or sister into the family can involve big changes for young children. Use the book Lulu and the Noisy Baby as a hook to discuss, and provide reassurance, about a sibling's arrival.
Reflexões sobre as realizações linguística de um sujeito afásico
Authors: Ribeiro Ilza
Published: May 2017

Este texto apresenta uma proposta de análise de certos enunciados produzidos por um sujeito afásico com um agramatismo e assume que a noção de aspecto verbal é explorado pelo sujeito na seleção da forma de realização dos predicados.
CEGO DE TANTO VER: CAMÕES E SEU PEITO ILUSTRE LUSITANO
Authors: Pereira Rubens Alves
Published: May 2017

Viver e ver(-se) - vidência. Mover (-se) e falar-violência. O olhar que fixa o puro que move o fero amor por mares poéticos de em busca de conhecimento, de saber que o promova, e pratica portuguesa, ao concerto das grandes viagens poéticas e histórias do mundo civilizado. Estamos aqui buscando uma aproximação da recorrente questão que tem ocupado uma crítica camoniana: o que move os Lusíadas? Em perspectiva, insinuante, emerge outro o que move Luís de Camões não poema? Essas duas perguntas fundamentais podem abrigar muitas outras, como uma constelação de referências, em termos e problemas formais e ideológicos que movem uma empresa marítima portuguesa o que mover o canto épico? o que mover o poder monárquico os corpos errantes religião crista e mitologia Paga como trocas simbólicas e materiais a produção e recebimento poéticas do Renascimento.
Clinical and ultrasound joint outcomes in severe hemophilia A children receiving episodic treatment in Indonesian National Hemophilia Treatment Center
Authors: Sari Teny T. , Chozie Novie A. , Gatot Djajadiman , Tulaar Angela B.M. , Dharma Rahayuningsih , Sukrisman Lugyanti , Bardosono Saptawati , Achmad Harry R. , Prasetyo Marcel
Published: May 2017

Background: Recurrent joint bleeds leading to arthropathy is the main problem in severe hemophilia children. This study aimed to investigate joint status in severe hemophilia A children receiving episodic treatment in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital as Indonesian National Hemophilia Treatment Center on children (4–18 years) with severe hemophilia A, who previously received episodic treatment, with no history of inhibitor factor VIII. Hemophilia Joint Health Score was evaluated according to HJHS version 2.1 2011. Joint ultrasonography was done for six index joints (bilateral elbows, knees and ankles) using Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD-US) methods. Data of age of first joint bleed, number of target joints and inhibitor factor VIII were obtained from the Pediatric Hemophilia Registry and medical records.Results: There were 59 subjects aged 4 to 18 years. Twenty-nine out of 59 (49.2%) subjects experienced first joint bleed before of 2 years of age. The most common of joint bleeds was a right ankle. Mean total HJHS was 8.71±8.73. Subjects aged 4–10 years showed lower HJHS (4.6±3.7) as compared to subjects aged >10–18 years (12.3±10.3), p<0.001; 95% CI=4.9–13. Mean HEAD-US scores in subjects aged 4–10 years (18.7±5.6) was lower than in subjects aged >10–18 years (28±7.9), p<0.001, 95% CI= -12.9–-5.6.Conclusion: HJHS and HEAD-US scores of severe hemophilia A children receiving episodic treatment aged 4–10 years are lower compared to subjects aged >10–18 years, indicating more severe joint destruction in older children and progressivity of joint damage over time. It is important to start prophylactic treatment to prevent progressivity of joint damage.
Association between public knowledge regarding antibiotics and self-medication with antibiotics in Teling Atas Community Health Center, East Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Kurniawan , Posangi Jimmy , Rampengan Nancy
Published: May 2017

Background: Self-medication with antibiotics increases the risk of resistance, which leads to higher morbidity and mortality. The community plays an important role in preventing and controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance. This study aims to determine factors associated with antibiotics self-medication practices in the community, which are the key to developing effective intervention programs.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and October 2015 at Teling Atas Community Health Center in Wanea, a sub-district of East Indonesia region. Data was collected by a questionnaire-guided interview. There were 35 questions which cover respondent demographics, antibiotic use, and respondents’ knowledge about antibiotics. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between self-medication with antibiotics and respondents’ level of knowledge as well as other factors.Results: Among 400 respondents, there were 240 (60%) who had used antibiotics within 6 months prior to the interview and 180 (45.0%) who had self-medicated. Wounds or skin diseases (32.2%) were main reasons for self-medication. The majority of respondents self-medicated on their own initiatives (70.6%) and purchased antibiotics in pharmacies (52.2%). The mean score for respondent knowledge about antibiotic was categorized as “moderate” (score 7.14±2.49). Respondents with lower knowledge scores had higher probabilities to self-medicate with antibiotics than those with higher scores (OR= 16.86; 95% CI= 4.25–66.83).Conclusion: Self-medication practices with antibiotics in this study are associated with age, family income, and knowledge. Since poorer knowledge about antibiotics is associated with a higher probability of self-medication with antibiotics, education programs to improve public awareness are needed.
FORMAÇÃO PEDAGÓGICA DOS PROFESSORES NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: EXPERIÊNCIAS E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Borges Daniele Simões , Tauchen Gionara
Published: May 2017

O artigo analisa as experiências de formação desenvolvidas no Programa de Formação Continuada na Área Pedagógica – Profocap da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG. Foram analisados um conjunto de documentos institucionais divulgados anualmente, entre 2008 e 2014, por meio dos Relatórios de Gestão. Com base nestes dados, emergiram dois eixos interpretativos: o primeiro situa o Profocap como política institucional para formação pedagógica; o segundo apresenta as ações desenvolvidas no âmbito do Programa. Constatou-se que o Programa representa uma estratégia para a construção de espaços de formação vinculados às necessidades de qualificação dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem e conclui-se sobre a necessidade de um triplo movimento: de ressignificação dos entendimentos sobre a profissão docente, sobre a formação pedagógica e sobre os tempos e espaços de formação.
REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA AULA DE MÚSICA NO NONO ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: FRUIÇÃO E APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Dalalíbera Rauski Rafael , Rosso Ademir José
Published: May 2017

Este artigo é um recorte da dissertação intitulada “Representações sociais sobre música, estilos musicais e aula de música por alunos concluintes do ensino fundamental” (RAUSKI, 2015) e visa discutir as representações sociais (RS) de alunos do 9° ano do ensino fundamental sobre a aula de música. A pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas públicas e em três escolas particulares do município de Ponta Grossa – PR e região, e teve como aporte teórico a Teoria das Representações Sociais, segundo Moscovici e colaboradores. A coleta das informações foi realizada mediante questionários (N = 233), e a análise dos dados contou com o auxílio dos softwares ALCESTE e SPSS, além da análise de conteúdo. A aula de música é representada pelos alunos como menos importante frente às disciplinas escolares e deveria ter como elementos centrais a diversão e as práticas musicais, e atender aos estilos musicais preferidos. Essa RS e a expectativa dos adolescentes distanciam-se da aula de música, que segue modelos “conservatoriais”.
REFLEXIONES TEÓRICAS O METODOLÓGICAS: Las políticas públicas y la implementación de las TIC en las clases de Ciencias Naturales
Authors: Larraburu Sandra R. , Chapani Daisi T. , Garcia Romano Leticia , Farré Andrea
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se analizan las Políticas Públicas argentinas implementadas a favor del uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) en la educación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, donde se recopilaron datos de la Ley Nacional de Educación 26206/06, los diseños curriculares de la Provincia de Santa Fe, y diversos programas deimplementación de TIC en el aula. Se realiza un breve recorrido de la situación en América Latina y se focaliza en Argentina desde el año 2005 en adelante.
REFLEXIONES TEÓRICAS O METODOLÓGICAS: Gravidez na adolescência, questão feminina? Uma reflexão sobre o papel paterno
Authors: Duarte Josmar B. , Duarte Ana C. S.
Published: May 2017

A gravidez, a maternidade e a paternidade não planejada entre adolescentes são assuntos que vêm preocupando, nas últimas décadas, especialistas e governantes das áreas dos direitos humanos, bem como pesquisadores e acadêmicos. Este estudo pretendeu colaborar para a sistematização do conhecimento científico e acadêmico sobre a paternidade adolescente e o exercício da função paterna. Temática que ainda é pouco explorada no Brasil. O presente estudo, ganha relevância, por se propor a produzir conhecimento sobre a paternidade na adolescência, contribuindo à ampliação do marco teórico de referência no Brasil. Para desenvolvimento deste artigo, valeu-se da metodologia descritiva alicerçada em pesquisa bibliográfica, abordando, inicialmente, a questão da adolescência, a sexualidade e a gravidez e em seguida o papel do pai adolescente. A gravidez na adolescência não é uma questão apenas feminina, pois o pai adolescente faz parte deste fato, na sua dimensão bio-psico-social, e deve ter responsabilidades e envolvimento sócio-afetivo desde a concepção do filho. Portanto, para que o adolescente pai possa assumir a paternidade na perspectiva integral e responsável é necessário que ele receba informação, orientação e apoio, tanto da família como do Poder Público, por meio de políticas públicas, como suporte ao exercício da paternidade.
INVESTIGACIONES EDUCATIVAS 87: La enseñanza de la matemática. La resolución de problemas en el aula universitaria
Authors: Vaira Stella , Taborda Liliana , Manni Diego
Published: May 2017

Se ha conseguido que la enseñanza de la Matemática conecte dominios: aritmética, geometría, álgebra, análisis, caos; pero siguen siendo escasos los trabajos interactivos de la matemática con otras disciplinas. Uno de los pilares de la Educación Superior es la docencia, la enseñanza de la Matemática en contexto se presenta como fortalecedora de estrategias y aprendizaje significativo para alumnos en carreras no matemáticas.¿Qué propone la enseñanza de la Matemática en contexto? Fortalecer el aprendizaje, sobre todo en los estudiantes universitarios que exhiben diferentes niveles de entendimiento, pero que les permitirá ir comprendiendo las ideas fundamentales asociadas con esta disciplina y los motivará hacia el estudio de otras Ciencias que conecta conceptos con ésta.Las carreras involucradas en el trabajo son: ioquímica, Licenciatura en Biotecnología de la Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas (UNL). Este trabajo muestra los problemas, los objetivos planteados, la integración de conceptos, interpretación y los  resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes universitarios.
Registration Delay and Student Performance
Authors: Siefken Jason
Published: May 2017

Tracking the difference between the time a first-year student is allowed to register for a course and the time he or she does register for a course (a student’s registration delay), we notice a negative correlation between registration delay and final grade in a course. The difference between a student who registers within the first two minutes they are allowed to and one who waits three weeks to register is approximately a full GPA point (on a 9 point scale). Registration delay may be a useful factor in helping to identify at-risk students, and should be taken into account as a confounding variable when doing educational studies on multi-section courses.
Using Multiple High-Impact Practices to Reduce Bottlenecks and Improve Student Learning in an Undergraduate Health Science Program
Authors: Ganesh Chandrakala , Smith Jason
Published: May 2017

Problem-based learning can be an effective educational approach for students entering the health care field. While broadly used in graduate and professional education in the health sciences, it is less widely used in undergraduate programs. We discuss the use of problem-based learning as part of an approach to address failure rates in select Health Sciences courses, poor critical thinking skills and bottlenecks in enrollment. While our results were mixed, we saw an overall improvement in student outcomes. Problem-based learning experiences prepare students successfully for demands of the real world.
The Effectiveness of Teaching and Learning Process in Online Education as Perceived by University Faculty and Instructional Technology Professionals
Authors: Singh Raghu Naath , Hurley David
Published: May 2017

Objective of the study was to assess selected principles of effective online education. Elements of those principles were identified and ranked in terms of their relative importance through Delphi procedures. Research steps included (1) a review of relevant literature critically reporting challenges and credibility of online course delivery experienced in the higher education, (2) developing a list of major principles for online learning (efficacy, student empowerment, and academic integrity) based on the literature, (3) selecting a sample through a chain-referral technique of faculty members and supporting technology staff involved in online teaching at selected university campuses, (4) interviewing respondents in two rounds to rank goals and means of each of the three evaluative principles, and (5) analyzing data and subjecting them for reliability and validity analyses. The study found strong academic support in the matters of efficacy and student empowerment for online teaching; but also found some concerns respondents had about the issues of maintaining adequate integrity of online courses.    Keywords: online education, teaching-learning process, identifying three effectiveness evaluation principles of efficacy, student empowerment and academic integrity; ranking goals and means for three principles through Delphi method, reliability, validity
Designing and Managing Engaging Discussions in Online Courses
Authors: Pollak Micah
Published: May 2017

This "quick hits" details two sets of tips, the first on developing engaging discussion questions and the second on clarifying the role of the instructor in terms of moderating and evaluating student posts.
Seasonal variation and yield of sulfated polysaccharides in seaweeds from the Venice Lagoon
Authors: Sfriso Andrea Augusto , Gallo Michele , Baldi Franco
Published: May 2017

Three red seaweeds from the Venice Lagoon:
Electrochemical investigation of the corrosion inhibition mechanism of Tectona grandis leaf extract for SS304 stainless steel in hydrochloric acid
Authors: Kadapparambil Sumithra , Yadav Kavita , Ramachandran Manivannan , Victoria Selvam Noyel
Published: May 2017

The use ofTectona grandisleaf extract as a green corrosion inhibitor for stainless steel 304 (SS304) in 2mhydrochloric acid was investigated using electrochemical techniques. Potentiodynamic polarization studies with different inhibitor concentrations showed that the inhibitor is of mixed type, which works by affecting both cathodic and anodic reactions. Adsorption analysis using the potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy runs result in standard free energy of adsorption values between −20 kJ mol−1and −40 kJ mol−1, indicating a comprehensive adsorption, which is a mixture of both physisorption and chemisorptions processes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies show the appearance of new peaks and shift in peak positions at some locations with the use of an inhibitor, which indicates the interaction between the inhibitor molecules and metal surface. Contact angle analysis indicates the formation of hydrophobic film on the metal surface.
Nanocelluloses obtained by ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation of bleached kraft pulp (BKP) and bacterial cellulose (BC) and their application in biocomposite films together with chitosan
Authors: Vecbiskena Linda , Rozenberga Linda
Published: May 2017

Bleached birch kraft pulp (BKP, Södra Cell AB, Sweden) and unmodified bacterial cellulose (BC) pellicles, biosynthesized by the bacterium Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, were converted to cellulose nanofibers via ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation. Fiber dimensions were investigated in an atomic force microscope, and the crystallite size was calculated by Rietveld analysis. Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell line served to assess the in vitro cytocompatibility of the biocomposite films. Results showed that individual cellulose nanofibers with an average width of 80±15 nm and a length between 600 and 1200 nm are formed by APS oxidation. The obtained BC nanofibers can be promising constituents in nanocellulose films and in chitosan-matrix films with improved physical-mechanical and biological properties. Good cellular biocompatibility was found for chitosan/oxidized cellulose films; the viability of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cells was higher on chitosan/oxidized BC films compared to chitosan/oxidized BKP films.
Effect of the Tundish Gunning Materials on the Steel Cleanliness
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Guangqiang , Wang Li , Zhang Zhao
Published: May 2017

To clarify the interaction mechanism between distinct tundish gunning materials (GM) and liquid steel, two kinds of gunning materials, namely MgO, Al2O3 GM, were tested. SEM, EDS, XRD and chemical analysis were carried out for steel and GM to investigate the change of chemical composition of steel in contact with GM and the interface microstructure between steel and GM after high temperature holding experiments. The steel cleanliness in terms of inclusion number density, size and size distribution was evaluated. It was found that the reducible component, low-melting-point phases and the pores in GM were passageway for steel penetration. The Al2O3 GM was less prone to steel penetration due to its poor wetting and the dense transition layer. MgO GM provided more oxygen and showed a stronger oxidizing capacity due to its higher content of reducible oxides (10.5 wt.% SiO2+2 wt.% Fe2O3). The use of Al2O3 GM resulted in an improved steel cleanliness and consequently could be a promising refractory in the tundish lining.
Effects of water extract of Curcuma longa (L.) roots on immunity and telomerase function
Authors: Pan Min–Hsiung , Wu Jia–Ching , Ho Chi–Tang , Badmaev Vladimir
Published: May 2017

Background

Immunity and Longevity

Methods

A water extract of Curcuma longa (L.) [vern. Turmeric] roots (TurmericImmune™) standardized for a minimum 20 % of turmeric polysaccharides ukonan A, B, C and D was evaluated for its biological properties in in vitro tissue culture studies.

Results

The water extract of turmeric (TurP) exhibited induced-nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested the immunomodulatory effects of TurP. In addition, the polysaccharides up-regulated function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) equally to the phenolic compound from turmeric, curcumin.

Conclusions

The ukonan family of polysaccharides may assist in promoting cellular immune responses, tissue repair and lifespan by enhancing immune response and telomere function.
Conforming shear-locking-free four-node rectangular finite element of moderately thick plate
Authors: Senjanović Ivo , Tomić Marko , Rudan Smiljko , Hadžić Neven
Published: May 2017

An outline of the modified Mindlin plate theory, which deals with bending deflection as a single variable, is presented. Shear deflection and cross-section rotation angles are functions of bending deflection. A new four-node rectangular finite element of moderately thick plate is formulated by utilizing the modified Mindlin theory. Shape functions of total (bending+shear) deflections are defined as a product of the Timshenko beam shape functions in the plate longitudinal and transversal direction. The bending and shear stiffness matrices, and translational and rotary mass matrices are specified. In this way conforming and shear-locking-free finite element is obtained. Numerical examples of plate vibration analysis, performed for various combinations of boundary conditions, show high level of accuracy and monotonic convergence of natural frequencies to analytical values. The new finite element is superior to some sophisticated finite elements incorporated in commercial software.
Neuronale Vielfalt in der Netzhaut
Authors: Berens Philipp , Euler Thomas
Published: May 2017

Die Netzhaut im Auge führt bereits komplexe Berechnungen aus, um nur verhaltensrelevante Informationen aus unserer Umgebung an das Gehirn weiterzuleiten. Diese Berechnungen werden von zahlreichen Zelltypen durchgeführt, die sich zu komplexen Schaltkreisen zusammenschließen. Neue experimentelle und statistische Methoden erlauben es, die neuronale Vielfalt in der Netzhaut detailliert zu erfassen und zu verstehen – das Ziel, eine vollständige Liste der Zelltypen und damit der „Bauteile“ der Netzhaut zu erstellen, rückt nun in greifbare Nähe. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand dieses Unterfangens und zeigen mögliche zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen auf.
Neuronal Diversity In The Retina
Authors: Berens Philipp , Euler Thomas
Published: May 2017

The retina in the eye performs complex computations, to transmit only behaviourally relevant information about our visual environment to the brain. These computations are implemented by numerous different cell types that form complex circuits. New experimental and computational methods make it possible to study the cellular diversity of the retina in detail – the goal of obtaining a complete list of all the cell types in the retina and, thus, its “building blocks”, is within reach. We review the current state of this endeavour and highlight possible directions for future research.
Solar photovoltaic applications: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Hussin Farihahusnah , Issabayeva Gulnaziya , Aroua Mohamed Kheireddine
Published: May 2017

The heavy reliance on fossil fuels, given their inevitable depletion and serious negative impact on the environment, has led to intensive scientific research to produce solutions which will ensure sustainable supply of energy based on renewable sources. Solar radiation is one of the major sources of clean and renewable energy with the potential to provide ample power for the growing human population in the long term. The current energy crisis is aggravated by the escalating concerns over the water quality especially in developing countries. There is great potential for utilisation of solar energy through solar photovoltaic systems throughout the world for electricity generation as well as water and wastewater treatment. Innovations in this area have opened new prospects to improve the quality of life for people as a whole. Hence, the focus of this review paper is to provide the reader with a brief history of solar photovoltaic systems, the various types of solar photovoltaic materials available and the solar cell efficiencies attained with the current solar photovoltaic technologies. Furthermore, applications of photovoltaic systems are discussed in terms of their societal economic and environmental effects.
Development of an automatic system for the
on-site pH measurement of soil samples
Authors: Decker Manfred , Bause Susanne , Teichmann Petra , Schneider Martin , Vonau Winfried
Published: May 2017

An automatic
pH-measurement directly on-site on
the farmland requires robust and reliable sensor
systems. The massive antimony oxide electrode offers the
possibility to determine the acidity in freshly sampled soils within the
required range of pH 4 to pH 7 in a short time and without elaborate
preparation steps. Some essential steps of the
development of an antimony oxide sensor system applicable for the
on-site measuring are presented in
detail. The introduced set-up is
a promising fundament for the establishment of a rapid
pH-determination direct on the
field.
Urothelial Tight Junction Barrier Dysfunction Sensitizes Bladder Afferents
Authors: Montalbetti Nicolas , Rued Anna C. , Taiclet Stefanie N. , Birder Lori A. , Kullmann F. Aura , Carattino Marcelo D.
Published: May 2017

Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic voiding disorder that presents with pain in the urinary bladder and surrounding pelvic region. A growing body of evidence suggests that an increase in the permeability of the urothelium, the epithelial barrier that lines the interior of the bladder, contributes to the symptoms of IC/BPS. To examine the consequence of increased urothelial permeability on pelvic pain and afferent excitability, we overexpressed in the urothelium claudin 2 (Cldn2), a tight junction (TJ)-associated protein whose message is significantly upregulated in biopsies of IC/BPS patients. Consistent with the presence of bladder-derived pain, rats overexpressing Cldn2 showed hypersensitivity to von Frey filaments applied to the pelvic region. Overexpression of Cldn2 increased the expression of c-Fos and promoted the activation of ERK1/2 in spinal cord segments receiving bladder input, which we conceive is the result of noxious stimulation of afferent pathways. To determine whether the mechanical allodynia observed in rats with reduced urothelial barrier function results from altered afferent activity, we examined the firing of acutely isolated bladder sensory neurons. In patch-clamp recordings, about 30% of the bladder sensory neurons from rats transduced with Cldn2, but not controls transduced with GFP, displayed spontaneous activity. Furthermore, bladder sensory neurons with tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) action potentials from rats transduced with Cldn2 showed hyperexcitability in response to suprathreshold electrical stimulation. These findings suggest that as a result of a leaky urothelium, the diffusion of urinary solutes through the urothelial barrier sensitizes bladders afferents, promoting voiding at low filling volumes and pain.