bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Compton-thick AGNs in the COSMOS
Authors: Guo Xiaotong , Gu Qiusheng , Fang Guanwen , Chen Yongyun , Ding Nan , Yu Xiaoling , Wang Hongtao
Published: January 2025

Context. Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (CT-AGNs), characterized by a significant absorption with column densities of NH ≥ 1.5 × 1024 cm−2, emit feeble X-ray radiation and are even undetectable by X-ray instruments, making them difficult to identify. X-ray radiation from AGNs is the predominant source of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB). Based on AGN synthesis models for the CXB, the fraction of CT-AGNs should constitute a substantial portion of AGN population, approximately 30% or more.

Aims. The fraction of CT-AGNs discovered in the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS) is significantly lower than this value. This means that many CT-AGNs may be hidden in AGNs that exhibit low photon counts or that have not been detected by X-ray instruments. This work focuses on identifying CT-AGNs hidden in AGNs with low photon counts.

Methods. Firstly, we selected 440 AGNs with abundant multiwavelength data as our sample. Secondly, we analyzed multiwavelength data, extracting crucial physical parameters required for the CT-AGN diagnosis. Finally, we used multiwavelength approaches to identify CT-AGNs.

Results. We have successfully identified 18 CT-AGNs in our sample. Among the CT-AGNs, four AGNs show discrepant results across different diagnostic methods. We discuss the potential reasons behind these diagnostic discrepancies. We explore the impact of estimating [O III]λ 5007 luminosities based on [O II]λ 3727 luminosities for the CT-AGN diagnosis. We have also found that the properties of host galaxies for CT-AGNs and non-CT-AGNs do not show significant discrepancies.
Modeling contact binaries. III. Properties of a population of close, massive binaries
Authors: Fabry M. , Marchant P. , Langer N. , Sana H.
Published: January 2025

Among massive stars, binary interaction is the rule rather than the exception.
The closest binaries -- those with periods of less than unsim10 days -- undergo mass transfer during core-hydrogen burning, with many of them experiencing a nuclear-timescale contact phase.
Current binary population synthesis models predict the mass-ratio distribution of contact binaries to be heavily skewed toward a mass ratio of unity, which is inconsistent with observations.
It has been shown that effects of tidal deformation due to the Roche potential and energy transfer in the common layers of a contact binary alter the internal structure of close binary components.
However, previous population studies neglected these effects. We aim to model a population of massive binary stars that undergo mass transfer during core-hydrogen burning, while consistently considering the effects of tidal deformation and energy transfer in contact phases. We used the MESA binary-evolution code to compute large grids of models with primary star masses of SIrange Msun at solar metallicity.
We then performed a population-synthesis study to predict distribution functions of the observational properties of close binary systems, focusing in particular on the mass and luminosity ratio distribution. We find that the effects of tidal deformation and energy transfer have a limited effect on the predicted mass-ratio distribution of massive contact binaries.
Only a small fraction of the population have their mass ratio significantly shifted toward a more unequal configuration.
However, we suggest that orbital hardening could affect the evolution of contact binaries and their progenitors, and we advocate for a homogeneous set of observed contact binary parameters.
Infrastructure planning for climate change adaptation based on land development and surface temperature typology
Authors: Rini Erma Fitria , Rahayu Paramita , Werdiningtyas Ratri , Hadiani Rintis
Published: January 2025

Rapid population growth has led to the development of built-up land in urban agglomeration areas, such as the Surakarta, Boyolali, Sukoharjo, Wonogiri, Sragen, and Klaten (Subosukowonosraten) region. This rapid growth of built-up land is synonymous with the phenomenon of urban sprawl, which contributes to climate change. Consequently, surface temperatures have also increased, indicating the impact of climate change. This research aims to examine the relationship between built-up, surface temperature, and green space to provide a basis for implementing climate change adaptation efforts. Spatial analysis techniques will be employed in this study, utilizing satellite image data from 2000 and 2023 to establish the connection between these variables. The research findings will provide recommendations for infrastructure planning on climate change adaptation.
Protecting fisheries resources and marine ecosystem from climate change: Solutions and legal constraints
Authors: Indriyani Rachma , Kumar Singh Manish , Ngoc Trang Vu Thi
Published: January 2025

Warming, acidification and deoxygenation of the ocean are already affecting the productivity and stability of marine ecosystems. It is projected also that climate change will force the fish stocks that cross through two or more exclusive economic zones to shift significantly from their historical habitats and migration that may lead to international conflict on the transboundary fish stocks. Meanwhile, overfishing and habitat destruction has had long-term effect on marine environment. Recently, the 2023 UNGA Resolution on sustainable fisheries reported the decline in global fish stocks. The resolution called upon the States to identify the impacts on fisheries due to climate change, thus it is crucial for States to consider effective adaptation and strategies to tackle the challenges. The present study is designed to analyse the impacts of climate change on fish and their interdependent ecosystems, but also impacts upon the laws and policies relevant to their exploitation and conservation. By using a comparative approach between three vulnerable countries to climate change, the paper highlights how Indonesia, India, and Vietnam are working to cope with the issues arising from climate change on the fisheries sector. The finding shows how the three countries must modernize their legal frameworks for fisheries management to reflect the current challenges such as climate change and ecosystem-based management.
Neurologische Begutachtung des „Post-COVID-19-Syndroms“
(PCS)
Authors: Rollnik Jens D.
Published: January 2025

Das sog. „Post-Covid-19-Syndrom“ (PCS) stellt mit einer Vielzahl subjektiver
Symptome eine Herausforderung für die neurologische Begutachtung dar. Der
Übersichtsartikel geht auf Möglichkeiten der Beschwerdenvalidierung der
häufigsten i.R. eines PCS geklagten neurologischen, neuropsychiatrischen und
neuropsychologischen Symptome ein, insbesondere die Fatigue, Riech- und
Schmeckstörungen, Kommunikationsstörungen, kognitive Einbußen sowie
Gefühlsstörungen und Muskelschmerzen.
Endoscopic grading of gastric intestinal metaplasia using blue light imaging in a low-risk population: Multicenter cross-sectional validation study
Authors: Rodriguez-Carrasco Marta , Esposito Gianluca , Dilaghi Emanuele , Manfredi Guido , Alicante Saverio , Buscarini Elisabetta , Annibale Bruno , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário
Published: January 2025

Detecting gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) with white light endoscopy (WLE) remains a challenge and virtual chromoendoscopy methods have been shown to increase accuracy. We aimed to externally validate the Endoscopic Grading of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia (EGGIM) using blue light imaging (BLI).

First, the reliability of BLI and the EGGIM score was evaluated through assessment of 90 images divided into three sets of 30. A multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted at two Italian centers involving 102 patients (510 biopsies). Both per-biopsy and per-patient analyses were performed to ascertain accuracy of BLI in detecting and staging GIM (vs. histology).

BLI significantly enhanced interobserver agreement of endoscopic diagnosis of GIM, with a Fleiss Kappa of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.5), compared to 0.2 (95% CI 0.2–0.3) with WLE. Concordance was particularly strong in applying the EGGIM score (weighted Kappa 0.7;
95% CI 0.5–0.9). BLI showed significant improvements in sensitivity over WLE, with an
increase observed in both per-biopsy analysis (82%; 95%CI 73.7–89.0 vs. 50%;95% CI
40.6–60.3) and per-patient analysis (96%; 95% CI 84.5–99.4 vs. 68%;95% CI 52.4-81.4). The
area under the curve of EGGIM in diagnosing OLGIM III/IV was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8–1.0),
confirming EGGIM > 4 being the optimal threshold (sensitivity of 80%, specificity of
88%).

Our study validates BLI integrated with the EGGIM system as an effective strategy, highlighting its precision in identifying advanced GIM stages. BLI's notable sensitivity enhances its use as a complementary tool to WLE, significantly improving gastric cancer risk assessment.
Xanomeline-Trospium for Adults with Schizophrenia Experiencing Acute
Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Safety and Tolerability
Outcomes
Authors: Kishi Taro , Citrome Leslie , Sakuma Kenji , Hamanaka Shun , Nishii Yasufumi , Hatano Masakazu , Furukawa Osamu , Saito Youichi , Iwata Nakao
Published: January 2025

The United States Food and Drug Administration approved the xanomeline-trospium
combination in September 2024 for treating schizophrenia, based in part on three
double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trials in adults with schizophrenia
experiencing acute psychosis. This random-effects model pairwise meta-analysis
of those three trials found that xanomeline-trospium was comparable to placebo
in terms of all-cause discontinuation, discontinuation rate due to adverse
events, Simpson–Angus Scale score change, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale score
change, body weight change, body mass index change, blood pressure change, serum
total cholesterol change, blood glucose change, QTc interval changes, and the
incidence of headache, somnolence, insomnia, dizziness, akathisia, agitation,
tachycardia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, diarrhea, increased weight, and
decreased appetite. However, xanomeline-trospium was associated with a higher
incidence of at least one adverse event, dry mouth, hypertension, nausea,
vomiting, dyspepsia, and constipation, and increased serum triglyceride compared
with placebo. Notably, xanomeline-trospium demonstrated superior efficacy than
placebo in improving the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total
score, PANSS positive subscale score, and PANSS negative subscale score.
Surveillance of primary sclerosing cholangitis – a comparison of scheduled or on-demand ERCP with annual MRI surveillance: a multicenter study
Authors: Barner-Rasmussen Nina , Molinaro Antonio , Mol Bregje , Ponsioen Cyriel , Bergquist Annika , Kautiainen Hannu , Färkkilä Martti A.
Published: January 2025

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with a high risk of hepatobiliary
malignancy, especially cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). There are no good tumor markers to screen
for CCA, and current recommendations for PSC monitoring are mainly based on expert opinions.
The optimal strategy to assess disease progression and screen for CCA – the main cause of
death of PSC patients – remains unclear. We aimed to compare three different surveillance
strategies and their effect on patient outcomes.

Data from three distinct PSC cohorts with different surveillance strategies – scheduled endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), annual magnetic resonance imaging/cholangiopancreatography (MRI/MRCP) surveillance, and on-demand ERCP according to ESGE/EASL guidelines – was collected. Patients with PSC diagnosed in 1990 or later were included and the last day of follow-up was 31 December 2023. The composite end point consisted of hepatobiliary malignancy, liver transplantation, or liver-related death.

1629 PSC patients were included, with a median follow-up of 8–11 years. The cumulative incidence of the composite end point was lowest in the group undergoing scheduled ERCP (14.1%, 95%CI 12.0%–16.4%) and highest in the on-demand ERCP cohort (35.0%, 95%CI 28.4%–42.0%). Although the cumulative incidence of CCA was lower in the scheduled ERCP group than in the other groups, it did not differ statistically significantly from the MRI/MRCP surveillance group. No differences were seen in liver-related deaths between the surveillance strategies.

In this study comparing scheduled ERCP, annual MRI/MRCP surveillance, and on-demand ERCP, the strategy based on scheduled ERCP using individual risk stratification is associated with better overall prognosis and outcome.
Downward repositioning of breast mound with early phase intervention for autologous breast reconstruction patients
Authors: Shimabukuro Makoto , Ishii Naohiro , Ikura Naohiko , Matsuzaki Kyoichi , Kishi Kazuo
Published: January 2025

In breast reconstruction with a flap transfer, symmetry is often difficult to achieve when the contralateral breast projection has a downward peak. Although minimally invasive and effective methods for postoperative correction of the reconstructed breast mound are desirable, none has been comprehensively reported. We devised a correction method comprising downward movement of the reconstructed breast mound using early postoperative dissection and pressure. This method was applied for four patients undergoing primary two-stage ptotic breast reconstruction with a flap transfer. All of their reconstructed breast mounds were positioned above the contralateral side in the early postoperative period. They underwent manual dissection of the upper edge in flaps under local anesthesia 3 weeks after reconstruction or downward pressure correction using a sponge for 6 months or both procedures. The reconstructed breast mound moved 2 to 2.5 cm downward with early postoperative manual dissection or pressure correction using a sponge and moved 3 cm downward with the combination of both dissection and pressure. Manual dissection in the early postoperative period under local anesthesia and compression with a sponge are minimally invasive and useful for the downward correction of the reconstructed breast mound. The combination of dissection and compression provides a greater corrective effect.
Retrograde simultaneous ligation of apico-ventral vessels during VATS RUL
Authors: Fiorelli Alfonso , Di Filippo Vincenzo , Vicario Giuseppe , Capasso Francesca
Published: January 2025

Thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy is a demanding procedure especially in case of hilar adhesions. Herein, we reported a simple technique as the simultaneous ligation of hilar structures to facilitate thoracoscopic right upper lobectomy. After resections of fissures and of hilar lymph nodes, the following structures were sequentially isolated and simultaneously resected in their natural position: V2+A2 vessels; right upper bronchus; and V1+V3+A1+A3 vessels. This technique was successfully applied in 9 patients. The mean hospitalization was 5.2±3.3 days. No intraoperative and major postoperative complications were observed. All patients were alive without recurrence (median follow: 34 months).
Patient Selection Criteria for Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Optimizing Outcomes
Authors: Taragjini Christina , Schiro Brian , Bemd Bente A. T. van den , Pena Constantino S.
Published: January 2025

Endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has become the preferred treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms, offering a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery. However, successful outcomes depend on meticulous patient selection. This review explores the key criteria for patient eligibility, including aneurysm size, morphology, and the quality of the proximal and distal aneurysm necks. Additionally, imaging assessment and various device variables, including anatomical suitability, are examined to emphasize their influence on procedural success. As EVAR technology evolves, understanding the nuances of patient selection remains crucial for maximizing technical success and clinical outcomes, while minimizing complications including endoleaks and migration, and extending the benefits of the procedure to a broader range of patients.
A Simplified Working Classification for Planning and Management of Facial Fractures
Authors: Sharma Mukesh K. , Saini Rahul , Boyidi Bulli B. , Babu Vaddi S.
Published: January 2025

Facial fractures are commonly encountered by plastic and maxillofacial surgeons. Although very diversified in nature, their treatment planning requires a thorough knowledge of the facial anatomy and advanced treatment modalities. With the advent of three-dimensional computed tomography, it has become a lot easier to diagnose and treat them accordingly. It is important to categorize facial fractures for an effective liaison between the radiologists, surgeons, and medical staff involved in their management. Various classification schemes have been made to classify them, but they are cumbersome to remember and communicate among treating doctors. We present a new yet simple facial fracture classification that is based on the facial buttresses involved. This helps in better and uniform management of fracture patterns and also anticipates future complications that may arise from such fractures, if any.
Factors influencing student interest in STEM careers: motivational, cognitive, and socioeconomic status
Authors: Amalina Ijtihadi Kamilia , Vidákovich Tibor , Karimova Könül
Published: January 2025

There is a disparity between the number of graduates and the demand for professionals in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM)-related fields globally. This gap underscores the importance of understanding and addressing the factors that drive student interest in the STEM career. Consequently, the education sector around the world is increasingly focused on identifying and improving these influencing factors to better align educational outcomes with the needs of the STEM industry. Thus, this study examined the cognitive (mathematics knowledge, science knowledge, and academic achievement), motivational (self-efficacy and outcome expectation), and socioeconomic status (parents’ education and family income) factors involved in predicting student interest in pursuing STEM careers. The data were conducted from tests, questionnaires, and documents from grade 10 and 11 students (n = 738) in Indonesia. In addition, two theoretical models (i.e., Models 1 and 2) were developed and were tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that both models met the required standards for good fit, but Model 2 fit the data better overall, while Model 1 was only slightly below the ideal range for one measure (RMSEA). We found that motivational and cognitive factors were crucial predictors in shaping student interest in general STEM and STEM discipline–specific fields. A strong indirect effect was found in the relationship between self-efficacy and career interest through the outcome expectation factor, and the indirect effect of mathematics and science knowledge on interest in STEM careers through academic achievement is an important concern. Similar and different factors are discussed in terms of student interest in general STEM-related fields and STEM discipline–specific careers.
Understanding and modeling of gas puff injection for diagnostic purposes
Authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez A. , Cruz-Zabala D. J. , McKay K. , Griener M. , Plank U. , Viezzer E. , Rohde V. , Dux R. ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: January 2025

This article presents an experimental setup capable of providing high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of neutral gas puff injection using a glow discharge to excite the neutral gas and an ultra-high-speed camera to record the emitted light. Using the proposed setup, the shape and propagation velocity of a thermal deuterium gas puff at 1 bar have been measured. The cloud has a conical shape and a propagation velocity of vprop = 1870 ± 270 m/s. Furthermore, a code has been developed with the aim of studying the relation between the propagation velocity and the initial injection velocity of the gas. The simulations show that an initial injection velocity in the range of vinj ∼ 1650–1950 m/s can reproduce a propagation velocity of vprop = 1870 ± 270 m/s.
Polyploidy of MDA-MB-231 cells drives increased extravasation with enhanced cell-matrix adhesion
Authors: Hirose Satomi , Osaki Tatsuya , Kamm Roger D.
Published: January 2025

Metastasis, the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, involves a complex cascade of events, including extravasation. Despite extensive research into metastasis, the mechanisms underlying extravasation remain unclear. Molecular targeted therapies have advanced cancer treatment, yet their efficacy is limited, prompting exploration into novel therapeutic targets. Here, we showed the association of polyploidy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and their extravasation, using microfluidic systems to reproduce the in vivo microvascular environment. We observed enhanced extravasation in polyploid cells alongside upregulated expression of genes involved in cell-substrate adhesion and cell mechanical dynamics. These findings offer insights into the relationship between polyploidy and extravasation, highlighting potential targets for cancer therapy.
Statistical inference of collision frequencies from x-ray Thomson scattering spectra
Authors: Hentschel Thomas W. , Kononov Alina , Baczewski Andrew D. , Hansen Stephanie B.
Published: January 2025

Thomson scattering spectra measure the response of plasma particles to incident radiation. In warm dense matter, which is opaque to visible light, x-ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) enables a detailed probe of the electron distribution and has been used as a diagnostic for electron temperature, density, and plasma ionization. In this work, we examine the sensitivities of inelastic XRTS signatures to modeling details, including the dynamic collision frequency and the electronic density of states. Applying verified Monte Carlo inversion methods to dynamic structure factors obtained from time-dependent density functional theory, we assess the utility of XRTS signals as a way to inform the dynamic collision frequency, especially its direct-current limit, which is directly related to the electrical conductivity.
Structure, properties, and applications of CoxC catalysts for Fischer–Tropsch reaction mechanism and perspective
Authors: Hong Xiaoling , Xiang Xia , Chen Yanping , Shi Junjie , Liu Wei , Li Sean , Liu Jian , Zu Xiaotao
Published: January 2025

The classical Fischer–Tropsch to Olefins (FTO) reaction is a pivotal method for converting syngas, derived from fossil energy sources, such as coal, biomass, and natural gas, into lower olefins. The growing interest in expanding or commercializing FTO has driven the development of catalysts with exceptional performance. Lower olefins (C2–4=) are widely used as fundamental components in everyday products such as detergents, lubricants, plastic, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetic additives. Additionally, higher alcohols with functional C– groups can not only improve the atomic utilization in catalytic reactions but also serve as raw materials for combustibles, fuels or fuel additives, and various fine chemicals. In recent years, new transition metal carbide catalysts have attracted significant attention in the exploration and application of FTO catalytic reactions. This paper systematically reviews the research progress of non-noble metal cobalt carbide CoxC (x = 2, 3) catalysts for the efficient utilization of COx (x = 1, 2). The review covers the phase transitions during the formation of CoxC-based catalysts, their properties, activity, product selectivity, and interrelationships among these factors. Finally, the current challenges facing CoxC-based catalysts in effectively harnessing COx in FTO are discussed, along with perspectives on potential future commercial applications.
Normal-incidence mid-infrared photodetection via intraband transitions in InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well nanowire arrays
Authors: Bian Yue , Zhang Fanlu , Li Zhe , Liu Dawei , Yan Jingshi , Membreno Gilberto A. Umana , Pan Wenwu , Lei Wen , Faraone Lorenzo , Li Li , Lysevych Mykhaylo , Neshev Dragomir , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Fu Lan
Published: January 2025

Recently, InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well nanowires grown by selective area epitaxy have been demonstrated with uniform morphology and high optical quality. The InGaAs quantum wells wrapping around the nanowire core are formed with both axial and radial components. As such the radial quantum well configuration presents a unique advantage for the realization of intraband absorption of normal-incidence light in the nanowires, which cannot be achieved in conventional planar quantum well structures due to polarization selection rules. We report here mid-infrared intraband transitions within the atmospheric window (3–5 μm) in InP nanowire arrays embedded with five InGaAs quantum wells under normal-incidence light. The light absorption coefficient of the quantum wells is modeled, and the absorption peak indicates a bound-to-continuum transition. The intraband photocurrent shows a linear dependence on the incident power, while the interband photoresponse is sublinear due to the surface states of the nanowires. These nanowires with radial quantum wells open up great opportunities for developing next-generation mid- to long-wavelength infrared photodetectors and focal plane arrays.
Droplet splashing on moving and inclined surfaces
Authors: Liu Mingyi , Cheng Jiahao , Li Yalei , Hao Jiguang , Floryan J. M.
Published: January 2025

Droplet splashing on moving and inclined surfaces at atmospheric and reduced pressures was investigated using high-speed photography. It was found that the splashing morphology on a moving surface was very similar to that on an inclined surface regardless of the ambient pressure as long as the equivalent inclination angle, defined as the angle between the surface velocity and the resultant velocity of the impacting droplet, was the same as the surface inclination angle. The abnormal splashing known to occur on inclined surfaces at reduced pressure, both wing splashing and upward-only splashing, was also observed on moving surfaces. The variations of splash angle, marking the transition between the splashing and non-splashing zones of the lamella, were determined as a function of the Weber number, the equivalent inclination angle, and the ambient pressure. The measured splash angles were similar for impacts on moving and inclined surfaces, indicating a similarity between splashing on both types of surfaces. Two theoretical models of inclined impact were extended to include surface movement and were validated through comparison with the experiments.
Finding Australian Birds
Authors: Dolby Tim , Clarke Rohan
Published: January 2025

From the eastern rainforests to the central deserts, Australia is home to some 900 species of birds. Finding Australian Birds covers over 400 birdwatching sites conveniently grouped into the best birding areas, from one end of the country to the other. This includes areas such as Kakadu in the Top End and Uluru in the Red Centre of the Northern Territory, the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, an amazing diversity of forests along the eastern Australian seaboard, including some of the world’s tallest forests in Tasmania, the iconic Strzelecki and Birdsville Tracks in South Australia, and the mallee woodlands and remote Kimberley region in Western Australia.

Chapters are arranged by state or territory and begin with an overview. Birdwatching sites are then grouped by region to provide specific details on target species, access and useful information such as accommodation and facilities. This second edition includes over 30 new birdwatching sites and updated information on site access. The book also provides a comprehensive ‘Bird Finding Guide’, listing all of Australia’s birds with details on their abundance and where exactly to see them.

Finding Australian Birds will be valuable to both Australian birdwatchers and international visitors. It will assist novices, birders of intermediate skill and keen ‘twitchers’ to find any Australian species.
Creature Corridors
Authors: Rooney Billie , Noack Anke
Published: January 2025

Creatures are on the move!

Wild animals often travel to find food, shelter or a place to breed. But this is becoming more difficult and dangerous, as construction and land clearing are affecting their habitat.

Creature Corridors follows kangaroos, koalas, birds, fish, crabs, cassowaries and lizards through wildlife corridors that exist across forests, rivers and seas. These corridors provide paths and spaces for them to move around safely. Discover how we can share our world with animals in this delightful and engaging story.

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 5 to 9.
Our World of Wild Wonders
Authors: Nilson Jevita , Racklyeft Jess
Published: January 2025

Earth’s wildlife is nothing short of extraordinary. There are colour-changing chameleons in the forests of Madagascar and cliff-climbing goats in the European Alps.

There are fluorescent fish in the depths of the Mariana Trench and wildfire-surviving echidnas in the Australian bush.

Our World of Wild Wonders explores the unique animal species that inhabit our planet. Some mighty, some meek, but all wondrous in their own special way.

Shall we go explore?

Reading level varies from child to child, but we recommend this book for ages 5 to 9.
Chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing and positivity within an urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Controlled Health Service 2016–2021
Authors: Canuto Condy , Willis Jon , Debattista Joseph , Dean Judith A. , Ward James
Published: January 2025

Background This study describes chlamydia and gonorrhoea testing, positivity, treatment, and retesting among individuals aged ≥15 years attending an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service during the period 2016–2021. Method Utilising routinely collected clinical data from the ATLAS program (a national sentinel surveillance network), a retrospective time series analysis was performed. The study assessed testing rates, positivity, treatment efficacy, retesting and trends over time within an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service. Results Testing rates for chlamydia and gonorrhoea varied between 10 and 30% over the study period, and were higher among clients aged 15–29 years and among females. Positivity rates for both infections varied by age, with clients aged 15–24 years having higher positivity than older clients. Gonorrhoea positivity rates decreased after 2016. Treatment and retesting practices also showed sex disparities, with men having a slightly higher treatment rate within 7 days, whereas females had significantly higher retesting rates within 2–4 months, indicating differences in follow-up care between sexes. Conclusion The study emphasises the need for clinical and public health interventions within urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations to further reduce chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Prioritising improved access to testing, timely treatment and consistent retesting can significantly contribute to lowering STI prevalence and enhancing sexual health outcomes in these communities.
Cascade of testing for chlamydia and gonorrhoea inclusive of an annual health check in an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service
Authors: Canuto Condy , Dean Judith A. , Debattista Joseph , Willis Jon , Barzi Federica , Leitch Jonathan , Ward James
Published: January 2025

Background To gain an understanding of chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) testing conducted within an annual health check (AHC) and in standard clinical consultations for clients aged 15–29 years attending an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service in the period 2016–2021. Methods De-identified electronic medical record data were extracted and analysed on CT and NG testing by sex, age, Indigenous status and the context of testing (conducted within an AHC or not). An access, testing, and diagnosis cascade for CT and NG, inclusive of an AHC, was constructed. Results Combined testing within an AHC and outside an AHC for CT and NG ranged between 30 and 50%, except for the year 2021. Males were twice as likely to receive a CT and NG test within an AHC consultation as females. Females were almost equally likely to have a CT and NG test, both as part of an AHC consult and during other clinical consultations. Females had the highest CT positivity in 2018 (11%) and 2019 (11%), with a dip in 2020 (5%), whereas NG diagnoses remained stable at 2%. Conclusion The study demonstrates the potential of the AHC to facilitate greater coverage of CT and NG testing in an urban Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service. Screening conducted within an AHC alongside screening in clinical consultations might be enough to reduce CT prevalence over a sustained period.
Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate to structure light-responsive biofilms
Authors: Bunbury Freddy , Rivas Carlos , Calatrava Victoria , Malkovskiy Andrey V. , Joubert Lydia-Marie , Parvate Amar D. , Evans James E. , Grossman Arthur R. , Bhaya Devaki
Published: January 2025

Microbial mats are stratified communities often dominated by unicellular and filamentous phototrophs within an exopolymer matrix. It is challenging to quantify the dynamic responses of community members in situ as they experience steep gradients and rapid fluctuations of light. To address this, we developed a binary consortium using two representative isolates from hot spring mats: the unicellular oxygenic phototrophic cyanobacterium
Synechococcus
OS-B′ (Syn OS-B′) and the filamentous anoxygenic phototroph
Chloroflexus
MS-CIW-1 (Chfl MS-1). We quantified the motility of individual cells and entire colonies and demonstrated that Chfl MS-1 formed bundles of filaments that moved in all directions with no directional bias to light. Syn OS-B′ was slightly less motile but exhibited positive phototaxis. This binary consortium displayed cooperative behavior by moving further than either species alone and formed ordered arrays where both species aligned with the light source. No cooperative motility was observed when a nonmotile
pilB
mutant of Syn OS-B′ was used instead of Syn OS-B′. The binary consortium also produced more adherent biofilm than individual species, consistent with the close interspecies association revealed by electron microscopy. We propose that cyanobacteria and Chloroflexota cooperate in forming natural microbial mats by colonizing new niches and building robust biofilms.
Behaviour of Ti/Al/Ti/Au contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures at low temperature
Authors: Adams Francesca , Ghosh Saptarsi , Liang Zhida , Chen Chen , Suphannarat Noppasorn , Kappers Menno J , Wallis David J , Oliver Rachel A
Published: January 2025

Ohmic contacts to wide bandgap nitrides have been realised, but little is known about their behaviour at low temperatures. To address this, an established Ti/Al/Ti/Au contact stack on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures has been characterised from 320 to 80 K. Two structures were investigated, with very similar ambient 2D electron gas transport characteristics despite their difference in AlGaN barrier thickness and composition. This allowed for direct comparison of contact behaviour across different heterostructures. Upon annealing at <800 °C for samples with 29 nm AlGaN barriers, contacts which had Ohmic characteristics at room temperature exhibited a gradual onset of Schottky behaviour as the measurement temperature was lowered. When non-Ohmic behaviour was observed, a combination of direct tunnelling, Fowler–Nordheim tunnelling and a thermally assisted Fowler–Nordheim mechanism is suggested to describe the carrier transport. In this case, annealing at 800 °C for 30 s proved sufficient to ensure Ohmic behaviour when tested from 320 to 80 K. For a heterostructure with 8 nm AlGaN, the required annealing temperature to maintain consistent Ohmic behaviour across the temperature range was reduced to 750 °C. From these observations, the determining factor for Ohmic behaviour is suggested to be the thickness of the AlGaN barrier–either as-grown, or the effective thickness following the formation of TiN protrusions into the AlGaN barrier during annealing. The understanding provided here allows tailoring of either the processing conditions or the heterostructure, and may aid with design of novel devices for low temperature operation.
EMF-PAL: enhanced multi-sensor fusion algorithm for high-precision perception and localization in challenging environments
Authors: Dai Jun , Lei Yingying , Li Yanqin , Zhao Junwei , Hanajima Naohiko
Published: January 2025

This study proposes an enhanced multi-sensor fusion perception and localization algorithm named EMF-PAL, which leverages the strengths of three distinct sensor types to achieve high-precision localization. The algorithm employs a lightweight object detection network to extract semantic information from the environment, which is combined with feature points obtained through parallel bidirectional optical flow tracking. A dual-strategy approach is introduced to identify reliable static feature points, enabling accurate pose estimation. Sensor data is dynamically updated using factor graph optimization to ensure accurate and continuous real-time localization. In the feature preprocessing module, the lightweight object detection algorithm is integrated with Shi-Tomasi corner detection to provide prior information for subsequent object recognition and filtering. Additionally, the high-precision inertial measurement unit (IMU) supplies translation and rotation data, enabling short-term, high-accuracy positioning and motion compensation, effectively reducing misclassification during rapid movements. The Global Navigation Satellite System-Real-time Kinematic provides all-weather, drift-free global localization information without the need for additional transformations, further enhancing the factor graph optimization for position updates and supplying auxiliary data to the IMU. EMF-PAL maximizes the advantages of multiple sensors, making it well-suited for complex environments. Extensive comprehensive experimental validation using real outdoor environment sequences under different environmental conditions is conducted to demonstrate the real-time accuracy of EMF-PAL and its ability to cope with complex environments. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances localization accuracy by up to 50.3% in challenging outdoor environments compared to state-of-the-art algorithms utilizing three-sensor fusion, effectively fulfilling the localization and perception requirements of real-world applications.
MD assessment of irradiation resistance of FeMnNiCr under successive bombardment
Authors: Xiong Chengyue , Guo Lei , Liu Zunhao , Li Rui , Peng Qing
Published: January 2025

The irradiation resistance behavior of Co-free high-entropy alloy FeMnNiCr under successive bombardment is investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. There are much less residual defects in FeMnNiCr referring to Ni after prolonged irradiation and large-size defect clusters are observed in FCC Ni but not FeMnNiCr. The formation and growth of dislocations in FeMnNiCr are significantly suppressed. The migration barriers of interstitials are similar to these of vacancies in FeMnNiCr, resulting in a higher efficiency of defect recombination. The defects in Co-free FeMnNiCr show similar trends with NiCoCrFeMn and NiCoCrFe during the irradiation process, suggesting its good potential in nuclear structure materials applications.
Spin-dependent localization of spin–orbit and Rabi-coupled Bose–Einstein condensates in a random potential
Authors: Sarkar Swarup K , Mardonov Sh , Ya Sherman E , Muruganandam Paulsamy , Mishra Pankaj K
Published: January 2025

We investigate the effect of the spin–orbit (SO) and Rabi couplings on the localization of the spin-1/2 condensate trapped in a one-dimensional random potential. Our studies reveal that the spin-dependent couplings create distinct localization regimes, resulting in various relations between localization and spin-related properties. First, we examine the localization in the linear condensate and find that the SO coupling can lead to a transition of the localized state from the ‘basin-like’ to the ‘void’ region of the potential. For a weak random potential upon an increase in the SO coupling, we find a re-entrant transition from a broad to narrow localized state and back at a higher SO coupling. Further, we analyze the competing role of inter-species and intra-species interactions on the localization of the condensate. We find the appearance of spin-dependent localization as the interactions increase beyond threshold values for a sufficiently strong disorder. Our findings on controlling spin-dependent localization may be useful for future ultracold atomic experiments and corresponding spin-related quantum technologies.
Enhancing the RF performance at the nanoscale using double gate ferroelectric field effect transistor
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Raj Balwinder
Published: January 2025

This work presents a proposed double-gate ferroelectric field-effect transistor with junctionless accumulation mode. Simulations with the TCAD Silvaco ATLAS simulator evaluate its characteristics regarding RF/analog needs for different channel lengths. The DG-FeFET configuration generates significant analog metrics, including transfer characteristics, output characteristics, transconductance (gm), switching ratio, intrinsic gain (AV), output conductance (gd), cut-off frequency and early voltage (VEA) etc Using the proposed structure, the parameters like gm, ION/IOFF, Av, and TGF, etc have improved by more than 50%, 16–82%, 52.2%, and 50.83%, respectively. As a result, it has been discovered that, in comparison to junctionless accumulation mode ferroelectric FET (JAM-FE-FET) and junctionless ferroelectric FET (JL-FE-FET), the double gate ferroelectric FET (DG-FeFET) topology enhances analog and RF performance. Because of this, the DG-FeFET device shown here is an excellent choice for high-frequency systems.
Information theoretic measures for the Dunkl–Coulomb problem
Authors: Ghazouani Sami , Mannai Aymen
Published: January 2025

Motivated by the conclusion section of Ghazouani and Sboui (2020 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
53 035202), we merge together the invariance algebra of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem and the Lie algebra

so

(
2
,
1
)

into a bigger new algebras. Next, we introduce several information theoretic measures of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem: Using the Dunkl transform and the canonical Dunkl transform, we obtain an analytical expression for the momentum wave functions of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem. We give an analytical expression for the expectation values of the position

⟨

r

a

⟩

n
m

and momentum

⟨

λ

a

⟩

n
m

in various bound states of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem. With these, a Heisenberg-type inequality for the three-dimensional linear canonical Dunkl transform is derived and is applied to the bound states of the Dunkl–Coulomb problem.
Workload analysis of noodle sheeting slitting machine operators using the heart rate variability method
Authors: Rahman T , Mayasti N K I , Indriati A , Novianti F , Rahman N , Sumaryadi D , Komalasari N , Andriansyah R C E , Afiah I N
Published: January 2025

One of the most most popular foods in the community is noodles. In the noodle processing process, poor design and work systems can increase the workload of machine operators. This study uses heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring to examine the workload of noodle machine operators. The operator’s heart rate was measured using a Garmin Pro device during each stage of the noodle moulding process: preparation, operation, and finishing. Software Kubios HRV Standard 3.5.0 was used to process the data, and the analysis parameters that were used were SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF. The data processing results show that the preparation stage bears the heaviest workload, as evidenced by the lowest average values of SDNN, RMSSD, and HF. Conversely, the operation stage shows the lightest workload, reflected by the highest average values of SDNN, RMSSD, and HF.
An innovation of high protein biscuit incorporation of jackfruit seed flour, millet seed, and eel for stunting prevention
Authors: Ratri P R , Yuanta Y , Puspita S D , Rusdiarti
Published: January 2025

Stunting is still a focus of attention for the Indonesian government. Indonesia is rich in local food which can be developed into healthy supplementary food (PMT). This study aimed to develop a high protein biscuit as a supplementary feeding formula (PMT) with higher quality and highly nutritious. The method of this research is an experimental laboratory with five distinct formulations for comparative analysis. This research analyzed the organoleptic, and chemical quality of biscuits. The chemical analysis was carried out using the proximate test and the results are compared to SNI 01-7111.2-2005 in a quantitative descriptive manner. Five levels of treatment consisting of the main ingredients: jackfruit seed flour, millet seed, and eel with the composition were graded. The additional ingredients are sugar, butter, egg yolks, milk powder, and vanilla. The organoleptic test showed the best formulation is F4 with the highest recapitulation value in aroma (90%), flavor (90%), and texture (95%). The proximate analysis reveals the F4 formulation also showed a higher value of protein content (12,44% ± 0,01) than other formulas. The conclusion of this study is the biscuits made from jackfruit seed flour, millet seed, and eel have the potential to be developed into high-protein biscuits.
Determining consumer preferences for orange attributes: a conjoint analysis approach at the teaching factory, politeknik negeri jember
Authors: Napitupulu Tia Sofiani , Sumarlina  , Nadhirah Aulia , Marseva Amalia Dwi , Bena Kinanti Lintang Anis , Ferinta Angel
Published: January 2025

Oranges are one of the most widely cultivated and easily accessible horticultural products in the market. At the Teaching Factory (TeFa) Kebun Inovasi, Politeknik Negeri Jember, a variety of horticultural products, including oranges, are produced to support educational and income-generating activities. This study aimed to identify consumer preferences for orange attributes, focusing on appearance, taste, and price, using a conjoint analysis approach. Conducted at the Teaching Factory (TeFa) Kebun Inovasi Politeknik Negeri Jember, this research collected data from 124 respondents to evaluate consumer choices based on peel color, size, taste, and price attributes. The results showed that the most preferred attributes were small-sized oranges with orange-colored peels and a sweet-tart taste, while price was the least important factor influencing preferences. Statistical analysis confirmed that size was the most crucial attribute, followed by peel color, taste, and price. These findings indicate that future product development and marketing strategies should prioritize small-sized oranges with visually appealing orange peels and a balanced sweet-tart flavor to meet consumer demands effectively. The study concludes that a focused product strategy could increase market acceptance and competitiveness, especially when considering potential consumers outside the local community of Politeknik Negeri Jember.