bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrobiological studies of freshwater resources from Kerala, India
Authors: S. Athira , J Anuja , K Vijayakumar K.
Published: September 2023

The present investigation aims to evaluate the algal diversity and water
quality status of four different freshwater resources. The study areas
were two paddy fields in Thalakkulathur and two natural ponds in
Kayanna, Kozhikode district, Kerala, for six months, from August 2022 to
January 2023. The samples were collected according to standard
procedures at various sites in the study area. During the collection,
physical and chemical parameters were analyzed using the collected water
samples separately in PET bottles. The observation and documentation of
algae were done using the LABOMED Binocular Microscope Lx 400 and
photographed using a Sony Cybershot Camera. Different algal species like
Nostoc linckia, Oscillatoria annae, Chrococcus indicus, Anabaena
sphaerica, Gloeocapsa rupestris of Cyanophyceae; Spirogyra baileyi,
Chlorella vulgaris, Oedogonium cardiacum, various species like Cosmarium
nitidulum, Staurastrum sp., Botryococcus braunii, Eudorina elegans,
Selenastrum gracile, of Chlorophyceae; Rhodomonnas salina, Phacus
manginii from Euglenophyceae, various species of Navicula, Gomphonema,
Cymbella, Amphora pediculus, Hantzschia amphioxus, Fragillaria capucina
from Bacillariophyceae, and Mishococcus confervicola from Xanthophyceae
were found. Both terrestrial and aquatic plants present in the study
area were also noted. The Shannon-Wiener index, Menhinick index,
Nygaard’s index, Boyd’s index, and Palmer pollution index were evaluated
using Hemocytometer readings.
Magnetic Fe-Ni bimetallic oxide shell nanorods containing anti-protein polymer segments for protein purification
Authors: Wang Ting , Lyu Yanting , Ahmad Mudasir , Zhang Baoliang
Published: September 2023

In this paper, BSA surface-imprinted magnetic Fe-Ni bimetallic oxide
shell nanorods (m-FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA) were prepared with the assistance of
poly(3-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethylammonium] propionate
(PCBMA) in connection with the surface-imprinting technique. The Fe-Ni
bimetallic oxide shell layer nanorods (m-FeNi) with magnetic
responsiveness simplified the separation and recovery process of
adsorbed materials. The controlled introduction of PCBMA facilitated the
reduction of protein non-specific adsorption. At the optimal
encapsulation ratio of 1:0.75 (Wm-FeNi@MIPs: WCBMA), m-FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA
could adsorb 122.98 ± 5 mg/g of BSA within 80 min, and the value of the
imprinting factor (IF) was also increased from 1.68 (m-FeNi@MIPs) to
3.95. In the mixed protein adsorption and real sample separation
experiments, m-FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA could selectively separate BSA.
Meanwhile, after seven adsorption-desorption experiments, the loss of
BSA adsorption by the imprinted nanorods was only 15.9%, which had good
reusability. Therefore, m-FeNi@MIPs@PCBMA has a broader application
prospect in the field of protein separation and purification.
Video-recording of rusty-spotted genets (Genetta maculata) consuming cave bats: implications for pathogen transmission
Authors: Labadie Morgane , San Emmanuel Do Linh , Morand Serge , Caron Alexandre , Niama Fabien , Nguilili Franel , -Tobi "N'Kaya , Nys Hélène De , Bourgarel Mathieu
Published: September 2023

We present the first videos depicting the consumption of bats by
rusty-spotted genets (Genetta maculata) inside a cave in the Republic of
Congo. Following the implementation of a camera-trap monitoring protocol
of interactions between cave bats and wildlife, we identified important
genet activity in one of the caves in our study. Between 2022 and 2023,
we recorded four events of bat or rodent consumption (including two with
certainty on bats), one hunting attempt on bats and three feeding
behaviors on insects. We detail the various behaviors and discuss the
potential implications of genets consuming bats, rodents and insects,
and in particular scavenging on dead bats. Finally, we address the
potential implications of zoonotic pathogen transmission from bats to
humans via genets through the bushmeat trade.
CORRELATION BETWEEN PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS AND THE APNEA-HYPOPNEA INDEX IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN
Authors: Severiche-Bueno Diego Fernando , Escamilla María Isabel , Benavides Jennifer , Parra Andrea , Duenas-Meza Elida , González-García Mauricio
Published: September 2023

Introduction: OSA in children is an under-recognized and
under-diagnosed disease and is an independent risk factor for poor
asthma control and an increased number of exacerbations. The association
of asthma and OSA is well documented in adults and to a lesser extent in
the pediatric population. The association of AHI and lung function in
children in a high-altitude city is not described in the literature.
Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved
children with asthma (n=64) between 3 and 12 years of age referred to
our center in Bogotá (2640m) for polysomnogram between 2012 and 2017.
Clinical history, spirometry, oscillometry, and polysomnogram were
carried out. OSA was defined from the polysomnographic point of view, as
the presence of an obstructive Apnea hypopnea index ≥ 1/hour
Results: A total of 64 children with asthma were included.
59.34% were boys and the median age was 7 years. 59.4% of the
participants had moderate or severe asthma and 59.4% had uncontrolled
asthma. A significant correlation was found between BMI and OAHI.
Concerning pulmonary function, a significant negative correlation was
found between pre-bronchodilator FEV1 and OAHI as well as a significant
correlation between FEV1/FVC and CAHI. For oscillometry, R5 showed a
significant negative correlation with AHI. Conclusions: We
found in children with asthma living in a high-altitude city a
significant and negative correlation between FEV and
R5 with AHI as well as a significant and negative correlation between
FEV /FVC ratio and CAHI. These findings suggest a
correlation between distal airway diameter and sleep apnea severity.
Robust Federated Learning against Poisoning Attacks using Capsule Neural Networks
Authors: Rezvani Mohsen , Sorkhpour Mohsen , Tahanian Esmaeel , Fateh Mansoor
Published: September 2023

The expansion of machine learning applications across dif- ferent
domains has given rise to a growing interest in tap- ping into the vast
reserves of data that are being generated by edge devices. To preserve
data privacy, federated learn- ing was developed as a collaboratively
decentralized privacy- preserving technology to overcome the challenges
of data silos and data sensibility. This technology faces certain lim-
itations due to the limited network connectivity of mobile devices and
malicious attackers. In addition, data samples across all devices are
typically not independent and iden- tically distributed (non-IID), which
presents additional chal- lenges to achieving convergence in fewer
communication rounds. In this paper, we have simulated attacks, namely
Byzantine, label flipping, and noisy data attacks, besides non-IID data.
We proposed Robust federated learning against poisoning attacks (RFCaps)
to increase safety and accelerate conver- gence. RFCaps incorporates a
prediction-based clustering and a gradient quality evaluation method to
prevent attack- ers from the aggregation phase by applying multiple
filters and also accelerate convergence by using the highest quality
gradients. In comparison to MKRUM, COMED, TMean, and FedAvg algorithms,
RFCap has high robustness in the pres- ence of attackers and has
achieved a higher accuracy of up to 80% on both MNIST and Fashion-MNIST
datasets.
The Effect of Dendritic Structure and Secondary Phases on the Fatigue Behavior of ERNiCrMo-3 Weld Metal
Authors: Zhang Xu , Ji Mingliang , Xu Liao , Chu Yajie
Published: September 2023

The effect of dendritic structure and secondary phases on the fatigue
crack propagation mechanism of ERNiCrMo-3 weld metal was investigated in
the present study. Element segregation in the weld metal caused severe
lattice distortion in the interdendritic region, which led to the
instability of crack propagation rates, resulting in considerable
differences in mechanical properties between the dendrite core and
interdendritic region. The limited plastic deformation capability of the
interdendritic region caused the contraction of the local plastic
deformation zone at the crack tip, which increased stress concentration
and accelerated crack propagation. Meanwhile, element segregation
promoted the precipitation of a large number of Laves pahse in the
interdendritic region. The interaction between dislocations and Laves
phase was enhanced as the stress increased, which generated micro-voids
and provided fast channels for fatigue crack propagation. Post-weld heat
treatment weakened the non-uniformity of the microstructure and the
fatigue crack showed a stable propagation trend. Moreover, the
dissolution of Laves phase and the precipitation of γ” enhanced the
fatigue property of the weld metal.
Artificial light exposure at night and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a high-incidence area of China
Authors: zhang junchao , Yin Shuo , Lin Shaojun , Hu Zhijian , Peng Xiane
Published: September 2023

Objectives：We aimed to investigated whether artificial light at night
(ALN) are associated with Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk in Fujian
province of China. Design：We use spatial epidemiology to understand the
spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
hospitalization rates, and use least squares and geographic detection
models to understand the impact of nighttime light intensity on
nasopharyngeal carcinoma hospitalization rates. Participants：Inpatients
with NPC in 2019 were determined according to ICD-10 code and the
hospitalization records of Fujian province were obtained from basic
medical insurance for urban and rural residents in Fujian Province,
which was provided by Fujian Medical Security Center. Variables: The
main variable calculated in this study is the crude hospitalization rate
Results：The NPC hospitalization rate are spatially positively
correlated . The results of Ordinary Least Square (OLS) model analysis
showed that ALN was positively correlated with the hospitalization rate
of NPC. The R2 in the geographic weighted regression model（GWR）is
greater than the OLS model, which indicates that the explanation degree
of the GWR model variables on the hospitalization rate of NPC is
significantly better than OLS model. Conclusions：ALN level was
positively correlated with the hospitalization rate of nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, which provide valuable information for the prevention and
treatment strategy of NPC in Fujian province.
Research progress and application of high efficiency organic solar cells based on benzodithiophene donor materials
Authors: Lin Congqi , Peng Ruixiang , Shi Jingyu , Ge Ziyi
Published: September 2023

In recent decades, the demand for clean and renewable energy has grown
increasingly urgent due to the irreversible alteration of the global
climate. As a result, efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) have
gradually gained attention as a study hotspot. To break up this dilemma,
this paper reviews the molecular design strategies of benzodithiophen
(BDT)-based polymer and small molecule donor materials since their
birth, focusing on the development of main-chain engineering, side-chain
engineering and other unique molecular design paths. Up to now, the
state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of binary OSCs
prepared by BDT-based donor materials has approached 20%. Our work
detailly discusses the potential relationship between the molecular
changes of donor materials and photoelectric performance in
corresponding OSC devices, thereby presenting a rational molecular
design guidance for stable and efficient donor materials in future.
Diversity and variability of macroinvertebrates in ponds within the limestone post-exploitation area in Górażdże (Poland) over a 10-year period
Authors: Czerniawska-Kusza Izabela , Brożonowicz Agnieszka
Published: September 2023

Artificial ponds are an integral feature of the landscape in many parts
of the world and contribute greatly to regional diversity. The study
aimed to (1) investigate the structure and diversity of
macroinvertebrate assemblages in five small permanent water bodies
within a limestone quarry area, (2) determine the environmental
variables shaping assemblages, and (3) evaluate changes over a
relatively long period. 2. Benthic samples were collected monthly from
April to November in 2009 and 2019, and basic physical and chemical
water parameters were measured. Macroinvertebrates were sampled
according to the time-limited and habitat-dependent sampling technique
using a standard pond net. Several biocenotic indices based on taxon
composition or percentage of individuals were calculated to describe the
assemblages. The relationships between environmental variables and
macroinvertebrates were evaluated using multivariate analyses. 3. The
results showed that the assemblages were dominated by mayflies (Baetidae
and Caenidae), damselflies (Coenagrionidae), and dipterans
(Chironomidae), with a total of 42 taxa recorded. Over the ten-year
period, taxon richness and diversity increased, especially in spring,
and became more diverse among the ponds. The abundance and frequency of
occurrence of hololimic organisms, such as snails (Lymnaeidae and
Planorbidae), oligochaetes, and water mites, also increased. The RDA
analysis indicated that temperature, seasonality, pond margin shading,
and morphometry were the main environmental factors influencing
macroinvertebrates, which explained 38.6% of the total variance in
macroinvertebrate abundance. 4. This study indicates a significant
spatial and temporal variation in macroinvertebrate distribution and
assemblage structure among small artificial water bodies created in the
limestone quarry, despite their proximity.
Glycemic Effects of Musculoskeletal Steroid Injection: Methods for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Herzberg Simone , Hou Brian , Bowman Eric
Published: September 2023

Background: Orthopedic related conditions are the leading contributor to
disability worldwide, and corticosteroid injections are a staple in the
management of musculoskeletal injuries, such as osteoarthritis,
bursitis, or tendinopathy. Importantly, corticosteroid injections are
not without risk, and certain populations, specifically, diabetic
patients, are currently not eligible for injection, for fear of their
glycemic effect, and thus unable to reap these life changing benefits.
However, existing data on glycemic effects of corticosteroid injection
are mixed, and there is no true systematic review to date summarizing
the available data. Objective: Systematically synthesize risks of
corticosteroid injection in diabetic patients. Purpose: This manuscript
presents the intended methods for a systematic review and meta-analysis
on the glycemic effects of corticosteroid injection. Methods: We will
follow the Institute of Medicine, Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and
Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidance.
We will conduct a systematic search of PubMed (and Ovid MEDLINE),
Cochrane Library Databases, Scopus, CINAHL, and clinical trial
registries. Included in the review will be randomized trials, cohort
studies, case-control studies, and case series, that evaluate the
association between measures of blood glucose and steroid injection.
Abstract screening and full-text screening will be independently dually
reviewed. We will use the Cochrane revised Risk of Bias tool to assess
risk of bias and GRADE to assess the overall quality of evidence.
Results: We will present results for all studies and perform subgroup
analyses, when possible, to evaluate impact of injection type, location,
frequency and dose.
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration on the Characteristics of Pin-plate Electrode Partial Discharge in Oil
Authors: jiayi Guo , sha yenan , LIU Yunpeng , baolong chen , tao zhao , ling qin
Published: September 2023

A ultra-high voltage (UHV) shunt reactor is accompanied by continuous
strong vibration during operation, and its internal partial discharge is
often associated with mechanical vibration of its electrodes. To explore
the mechanism of the effect of electrode vibration on the partial
discharge inside the reactor, a joint vibration-partial discharge test
platform was established based on a partial discharge model of the
oil-paper insulated needle board electrode, a joint vibration-partial
discharge test platform was established in this paper. The influences of
the amplitude and frequency of vibration on the partial discharge
characteristics of the needle board in oil under power frequency voltage
were studied, and the mechanism of influence of vibration on the partial
discharge was explored. The results show that with the increases in the
amplitude and frequency of vibration, the discharge process is
intensified, the discharge repetition rate and the maximum discharge
quantity increase, and the negative half-cycle discharge pattern
exhibits “zero crossing”. The discharge intensity of the pin-plate
electrode is affected by velocity of the oil flow velocity and field
intensity; the field intensity has a more significant effect on the
partial discharge. When partial discharge occurs without vibration, the
characteristic gases produced by the needle-plate discharge are mainly
H2 and C2H2, and contain a small amount of CH4 and C2H4. With the
increases in the amplitude and frequency of vibration, the content of
each characteristic gas increases, and vibration changes the spatial
distribution of dissolved gas in the oil by driving the motion of the
insulating oil around the electrode.
Water-wave-induced OBS noise: theories, observations and potential applications
Authors: Zhang Chun , An Chao
Published: September 2023

The horizontal records of ocean-bottom seismometers (OBS) are usually
highly noisy, generally due to ocean-bottom currents tilting the
instrument, which greatly limits their practical usage in ocean-bottom
seismology. In shallow water, water waves with energy concentration
around 0.07~Hz induce additional noise on OBSs. Such
noise is not well understood. In this article, we propose a noise model
to explain the horizontal noise around 0.07 Hz. The noise model consists
of three types of noise, that is, water-wave-induced noise, other noise
with a relatively constant orientation, and background random noise. The
wave-induced horizontal acceleration is theoretically shown to be
proportional to the time derivative of ocean-bottom pressure. We
validate the noise model and related theories using realistic
observations. Results are potentially applicable to determine the
propagation direction of water waves nearshore, and also provide
constraints on the underlying Earth structure. The results can also be
applied to the removal of wave-induced noise, achieving a typical
maximum improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of 10-20 dB for time
periods with strong wave noise.
Catchment properties shape seasonal variation in groundwater- surface water interaction - geogenic silicate as a proxy for hydrological turnover induced mixing
Authors: Bäthke Lars , Schuetz Tobias
Published: September 2023

The cumulative and bidirectional groundwater-surface water (GW-SW)
interaction along a stream is defined as hydrological turnover (HT)
influencing solute transport and source water composition. However, HT
proves to be highly variable, producing spatial exchange patterns
influenced by local surface- and groundwater levels, geology and
topography. Hence, identifying factors controlling HT in streams poses a
challenge. We studied the spatiotemporal variability of HT processes at
a third order tributary of the river Mosel, Germany at two different
stream reaches over a period of two years. Additionally, we sampled for
silicate concentrations in the stream as well as in the near-stream
groundwater. Thus, creating snapshots of the boundary layer between
ground- and surface water where turnover induced mixing occurs. We
characterize reach specific drainage behavior by utilizing a
delayed/base flow separation analysis for both reaches. The results show
a site-specific negative correlation of HT with discharge, while
hydraulic gradients and reach scale absolute discharge changes
correlating with HT only at the upstream site which is characterized by
steeper hillslopes compared to the downstream section. Analyzing the
variation of silicate concentrations between stream and wells shows that
in-reach silicate variation increases significantly with the decrease of
HT under groundwater dominated flow conditions.. In Summary, our results
show that discharge shapes the influence of HT on solute transport as
visualized by silicate variations. Yet, reach specific drainage behavior
shapes seasonal states of groundwater storages and thus, can be an
additional control of HT magnitudes, influencing physical stream water
composition throughout the year.
Causal Drivers of Land-Atmosphere Carbon Fluxes from Machine Learning Models and Data
Authors: Farahani Mozhgan A , Goodwell Allison Eva
Published: September 2023

Interactions among atmospheric, root-soil, and vegetation processes
drive carbon dioxide fluxes (Fc) from land to atmosphere. Eddy
covariance measurements are commonly used to measure Fc at sub-daily
timescales and validate process-based and data-driven models. However,
these validations do not reveal process interactions, thresholds, and
key differences in how models replicate them. We use information
theory-based measures to explore multivariate information flow pathways
from forcing data to observed and modeled hourly Fc, using flux tower
datasets in the Midwestern U.S. in intensively managed corn-soybean
landscapes. We compare Multiple Linear Regressions (MLR), Long-Short
Term Memory (LSTM), and Random Forests (RF) to evaluate how different
model structures use information from combinations of sources to predict
Fc. We extend a framework for model predictive performance and
functional performance, which examines the full suite of dependencies
from all forcing variables to the observed or modeled target. Of the
three model types, RF exhibited the highest functional and predictive
performance. Regionally trained models demonstrate lower predictive but
higher functional performance compared to site-specific models,
suggesting superior reproduction of observed relationships. This study
shows that some metrics of predictive performance encapsulate functional
behaviors better than others, highlighting the need for multiple metrics
of both types. This study improves our understanding of carbon fluxes in
an intensively managed landscape, and more generally provides insight
into how model structures and forcing variables translate to
interactions that are well versus poorly captured in models.
First order controls of avulsion in river deltas
Authors: Prasojo Octria Adi , Hoey Trevor B. , Owen Amanda , Williams Richard David
Published: September 2023

Changed hydrological regimes, sea-level rise, and accelerated subsidence
are all putting river deltas at risk across the globe. Deltas may
respond to these stressors through the mechanism of avulsion. Decades of
delta avulsion studies have resulted in conflicting hypotheses that
avulsion frequency and location are upstream (water and sediment
discharge) or downstream (backwater and sea-level rise) controlled. In
this study, we use Delft3D morphodynamic simulations to investigate the
main controls over delta avulsion. Avulsion timing and location were
recorded in six scenarios modelled over a 400-year period with varying
alluvial slopes upstream of a delta slope break (1.13x10-4 to 3.04x10-3)
within a range representative global deltas. We measure several
independent morphometric variables including avulsion length, delta lobe
width, channel width at avulsion, delta topset slope and sediment load.
Correlating these variables with the avulsion timescales observed in our
model shows that avulsion timescale is mostly controlled by sediment
load, which in turn is controlled by the alluvial slope upstream of a
delta slope break. With higher stream power index in steeper alluvial
slopes, more sediment can be carried within a channel, resulting in more
frequent avulsions. Our results are consistent with the avulsion
timescale derived from an analytical solution, 19 natural deltas and
downscaled physical laboratory deltas. These results help mitigate delta
avulsion risk by focusing management efforts on variables that primarily
control avulsion in a river delta, but also induce further debate over
whether sea-level rise may, or may not, trigger more avulsions in river
deltas.
Resonances in fluid-filled cracks of complex geometry and application to very long period (VLP) seismic signals at Mayotte submarine volcano
Authors: Liang Chao , Peng Junjun , Ampuero Jean-Paul , Shauer Nathan , Dai Kaoshan
Published: September 2023

Fluid-filled cracks sustain a slow guided wave (Krauklis wave or crack
wave) whose resonant frequencies are widely used for interpreting long
period (LP) and very long period (VLP) seismic signals at active
volcanoes. Significant efforts have been made to model this process
using analytical developments along an infinite crack or numerical
methods on simple crack geometries. In this work, we develop an
efficient hybrid numerical method for computing resonant frequencies of
complex-shaped fluid-filled cracks and networks of cracks and apply it
to explain the ratio of spectral peaks in the VLP signals from the Fani
Maoré submarine volcano that formed in Mayotte in 2018. By coupling
triangular boundary elements and the finite volume method, we
successfully handle complex geometries and achieve computational
efficiency by discretizing solely the crack surfaces. The resonant
frequencies are directly determined through eigenvalue analysis. After
proper verification, we systematically analyze the resonant frequencies
of rectangular and elliptical cracks, quantifying the effect of aspect
ratio and crack stiffness ratio. We then discuss theoretically the
contribution of fluid viscosity and seismic radiation to energy
dissipation. Finally, we obtain a crack geometry that successfully
explains the characteristic ratio between the first two modes of the VLP
seismic signals from the Fani Maoré submarine volcano in Mayotte. Our
work not only reveals rich eigenmodes in complex-shaped cracks but also
contributes to illuminating the subsurface plumbing system of active
volcanoes. The developed model is readily applicable to crack wave
resonances in other geological settings, such as glacier hydrology and
hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Fetch-limited, strongly forced wind waves in waters with frazil and grease ice - spectral modelling and satellite observations in an Antarctic coastal polynya
Authors: Herman Agnieszka , Bradtke Katarzyna
Published: September 2023

Sea ice-waves interactions have been widely studied in the marginal ice
zone, at relatively low wind speeds and wave frequencies. Here, we focus
on very different conditions typical of coastal polynyas: extremely high
wind speeds and locally-generated, short, steep waves. We overview
available parameterizations of relevant physical processes (nonlinear
wave-wave interactions, energy input by wind, whitecapping and
ice-related dissipation) and discuss modifications necessary to adjust
them to polynya conditions. We use satellite-derived data and spectral
modelling to analyze waves in ten polynya events in the Terra Nova Bay,
Antarctica. We estimate the wind-input reduction factor over ice in the
wave-energy balance equation at 0.56. By calibrating the model to
satellite observations we show that exact treatment of quadruplet
wave-wave interactions (as opposed to the default Discrete Interaction
Approximation) is necessary to fit the model to data, and that the power
n>4 in the sea-ice source term
S_ice~f^n (where f denotes wave frequency) is
required to reproduce the observed very strong attenuation in spectral
tail in frazil streaks. We use a very-high resolution satellite image of
a fragment of one of the polynyas to determine whitecap fraction. We
show that there are more than twofold differences in whitecap fraction
over ice-free and ice-covered regions, and that the model produces
realistic whitecap fractions without any tuning of the whitecapping
source term. Finally, we estimate the polynya-area-integrated wind
input, energy dissipation due to whitecapping, and whitecap fraction to
be on average below 25%, 10% and 30%, respectively, of the
corresponding open-water values.
Improve Climate Predictions by Reducing Initial Prediction Errors: A Benefit Estimate Using Multi-model ENSO Predictions
Authors: Zhang Gan
Published: September 2023

Climate risk management relies on accurate predictions of key climate
variations such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), but the skill of
ENSO predictions has recently plateaued or even degraded. Here we
analyze the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) and estimate how
the seasonal prediction of ENSO may benefit from reducing initial
prediction errors. An analysis of predictable signals and system noises
identifies a high-predictability regime and a low-predictability regime.
The latter corresponds to the spring predictability barrier and is
related to a rapid drop in the signal-to-noise ratio, which is caused by
the comparably strong dampening of predictable signals. Reducing
first-month prediction errors (FPEs) will likely reduce root-mean-square
errors of the ENSO prediction. As a conservative estimate, halving the
FPEs may extend the NMME’s skill by one to two months. Importantly, this
study identifies the regions where reducing FPE is the most effective.
Unlike the predictions initialized after the boreal spring, the
March-initialized predictions of the wintertime ENSO will likely benefit
the most from FPE reductions in the tropical Northwest Pacific. An
opportunistic thought experiment suggests the buoy observation changes
during 1995–2020 may have contributed to FPEs associated with large
cold biases (>1K) in some El Niño-year predictions. While
data availability prevented in-depth analyses of physical processes, the
findings suggest that prioritizing modeling and observation in certain
regions can improve climate predictions cost-effectively. The analytical
framework here is applicable to other climate processes, thus holding
wide potential for benefiting climate predictions.
Deploying Cloud-Based Automated Continuous Integration to Assist in the Community Development of GFDL's Finite Volume Cubed-Sphere Dynamical Core
Authors: Chilutti Lauren , Robinson Thomas , Benson Rusty , Harris Lucas , Sal-Bey Luis
Published: September 2023

A major challenge to community code development and management is the
testing and validation of public contributions. The community-developed
GFDL Finite-Volume Cubed Sphere Dynamical Core (FV3) is no exception: 
automated testing of contributions made to the FV3 public repository is
paramount for ensuring the integrity of the many earth-system models and
forecasting applications using FV3 as a dynamical core.  A build and
test system for the FV3 dynamical core was developed for internal
testing on NOAA Research and Development High Performance Computing
Systems (RDHPCS).  We have designed a continuous integration (CI)
approach for the FV3 dynamical core Github repository that uses a
cloud-based platform to perform automated compilation and
reproducibility testing to validate community code contributions. A
combination of NOAA RDHPCS Parallel Works virtual machines and
containers developed at GFDL are used to compile and test code on the
cloud efficiently.   We will also discuss how we adapted the FV3 tests
for automated CI.
Editorial
Authors: Schweiger Gottfried
Published: September 2023

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser!
Wir freuen uns, die erste Ausgabe 2023 der Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie vorlegen zu können. Neben drei Beiträgen in der offenen Sektion beinhaltet die aktuelle Ausgabe einen Schwerpunkt und ein ausführliches Buchsymposium. Anne Clausen und Mark Schweda haben einen Schwerpunkt zum Thema „Zeit und das gute Leben“ betreut, dessen Beiträge die Rolle von Zeit und Zeitlichkeit für die neuerdings wieder intensiviert geführte Debatte um ein gutes Leben thematisieren. Das Symposium, das von Jens Beljan und Nils Berkemeyer herausgegeben wird, widmet sich dem Buch „Demokratische Bildung und die Kontroverse über Kontroversitätsgebote“ von Johannes Drerup und greift damit eine aktuelle bildungsphilosophische und -politische Diskussion auf. Neben den Autorinnen und Autoren danken wir insbesondere den Gutachterinnen und Gutachtern, die sich die Mühe machen, die eingereichten Texte gründlich zu lesen und zu kommentieren, und auf diese Weise sicherstellen, dass die ZfPP ihren hohen Qualitätsansprüchen gerecht wird. Wir danken dem Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Universität Salzburg für die finanzielle Unterstützung zur Herausgabe der Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie.
Die Herausgeber:innen
Sarah Bianchi, Birgit Beck, Karoline Reinhardt Gottfried Schweiger & Michael Zichy
Die unintegrierbare Zeit
Authors: Broschmann Daniel
Published: September 2023

Durch den Kontrast zu psychischen Erkrankungen zeigt sich die enge Verwobenheit zwischen Zeitlichkeit und gutem Leben. Im Gegensatz zur Depression und Schizophrenie ist die Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung bisher wenig unter einer zeitpsychopathologischen Perspektive untersucht worden. Tatsächlich kann diese aber mit ausgeprägten Störungen des Zeiterlebens einhergehen: Diese soll als unintegrierbare Zeitlichkeit beschrieben werden und lässt sich durch eine sich-aufdrängende, gegenwärtige Vergangenheit, eine unsichere Gegenwart und eine verkürzte Zukunftsperspektive charakterisieren.
Forschende in der Angriffsrolle
Authors: Weydner-Volkmann Sebastian , Cassing Kaya
Published: September 2023

Infolge der tiefgreifenden Durchdringung unserer Lebenswelt mit digitalen Systemen hat sich die gesamtgesellschaftliche Anforderung formiert, diese Systeme gegen immer neue Formen von Angriffen absichern zu können. In diesem Beitrag zeigen wir, inwiefern der IT-Sicherheitsforschung hierbei eine zentrale Rolle zukommt, aber auch, dass im Rahmen dieser Rolle eine besondere forschungsethische Problematik entsteht. Weil IT-Sicherheitsrisiken strukturell neuartige Probleme für die gesellschaftliche Gewährleistung von Sicherheit aufwerfen, treten Forschende systematisch auch in die Rolle der Angreifenden. Dabei erhöhen Forschende durch den notwendigen Schritt der Veröffentlichung gefundener Lücken die Gefährdungslage von IT-Systemen. Zugleich zielt die Entwicklung von Angriffstechniken normativ auf eine Stärkung gesamtgesellschaftlicher Sicherheit: die Sicherheitslücken sollen geschlossen und die Robustheit von IT-Systemen vergrößert werden.

Hier wird ein Konflikt im Umgang mit IT-Sicherheitsrisiken deutlich, der einen Bedarf an ethischer Orientierung erzeugt. Im Beitrag zeigen wir, inwiefern sich in der Forschungspraxis auch bereits Anfänge einer systematischen ethischen Reflexion als Antwort auf diesen Bedarf herausgebildet und institutionalisiert haben. Da die Problematik im Umgang mit Sicherheitslücken aber noch nicht adäquat adressiert wird, vertreten wir die These, dass in der IT-Sicherheitsforschung der Schritt hin zu einer Bereichsethik für IT-Sicherheitsforschung erforderlich ist, um so adäquatere Orientierungsangebote für Forschende entwickeln und um die breitere gesellschaftspolitische Rolle der Sicherheitsforschung reflektieren zu können.
Einleitung: Zeit und das gute Leben
Authors: Clausen Anne , Schweda Mark
Published: September 2023

Der vorliegende Schwerpunkt beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang von Zeit und gutem Leben. Er verfolgt das Ziel, die systematische Auseinandersetzung mit den Themen, Problemen und Fragestellungen voranzubringen, die das Verhältnis zwischen den zeitlichen Strukturen der menschlichen Existenz auf der einen und den Bedingungen guten, sowohl subjektiv erfüllten als auch objektiv gelingenden Lebens auf der anderen Seite betreffen. Die verschiedenen Beiträge spannen ein breites Spektrum theoretischer Ansätze, thematischer Ausrichtungen und praktischer Bezüge auf. Es reicht von der philosophischen Erörterung grundlegender Fragen der zeitlichen Verfasstheit guten Lebens über die Auseinandersetzung mit psychopathologischen Phänomenen gestörter Zeiterfahrung bis hin zur sozialund erziehungswissenschaftlich angeregten ethischen Beschäftigung mit konkreten Lebensphasen und praktischen Anwendungsfeldern.
The importance of communication in behavioural change for consumer involvement in the context of bio waste sorting in Latvia
Authors:   Turiba University, Cane Renate , Blumfelde-Rutka Kristine ,   Riga Stradins University
Published: September 2023

Within the framework of the European Green Deal, a circular economy is ensured, which is defined as a sustainable development model that preserves the value of products, materials and resources in the economy as much as possible. Waste sorting is of great importance in this process, as it enables rational management of resources and the return to circulation of already used products, which become raw materials for the production of other products. The proportion of unsorted waste in Latvia is higher than in other European countries, and the shared waste collection system operates with certain problems. In particular, this applies to the collection and management of bio-waste, which is currently one of the weakest sectors in the industry, despite the fact that the Landfill Directive of the European Parliament and the Council stipulates that a separate collection system for bio-waste must be in place by the end of 2023. In the event that the system of separate collection of biological waste is not organized during this period, sanctions may be applied to Latvia. Therefore, it is urgent to understand how to change consumer behaviour and increase involvement in waste sorting as the amount of waste increases, what opportunities and responsibilities exist for the organizations and consumers involved in this process. In this research, the study of consumer behaviour changes and their causes is analysed in the context of public communication and its opportunities. The aim of the article is to assess the importance of communication in encouraging changes in consumer behaviour in waste sorting in Latvia, especially in the bio-waste segment. In order to achieve the goal, an analysis of literature and documents was carried out on consumer behaviour, factors influencing it, consumer habits and communication possibilities for changing them. Consumer involvement and habits in biowaste sorting were investigated through a secondary analysis of previous relevant studies. In order to characterize the communication of waste management companies about waste sorting, a content analysis was carried out. In order to assess the current communication about waste management and sorting and its impact on consumer behaviour, interviews were conducted with communication experts. In general, it can be concluded that the waste management industry in Latvia is fragmented, which promotes competition between companies. However, each waste managing company has different waste sorting systems and other rules, which are not clearly explained to consumers, this communication is general and is not formed on a strategic basis, and in does not contribute to changes in consumer behaviour and an increase in waste sorting.
Thermal effect of quench rate on mechanical properties of SIMA 7075-T6
Authors: Guner Ali , Dispinar Derya , Tan Engin
Published: September 2023

In this study, thermal effects of quench rate on mechanical properties of
7075-T6 alloy fabricated by strain induced melt activation (SIMA) process
were investigated. The T6 heat treatments were applied in various
parameters after SIMA: solutionizing at 490?C for 15-30-45-60-120 minutes,
quenching at 60-100?C, and aging at 120?C for 12-24-48 hours. Optical and
SEM analyses were performed for characterization, hardness, and tensile
tests for mechanical evaluation. Analysis of variance tests was carried out
to indicate the validity of the interactions quenching temperatures and
tensile properties. Secondary phases were dissolved homogeneously after
solutionizing but at higher quenching temperatures and reprecipitated,
particularly at grain boundaries. Strength values decreased with increasing
quenching temperature. Analysis of variance tests suggest that cryogenic
quenching can further increase the tensile properties. Oxide bifilms,
porosities, low surface quality, and continuous brittle secondary phases
surrounding spheroidal particles reduce the mechanical properties.
The SnO2 nanotube with CNT core structure (SnO2@void@CNT) and graphene composite electrode for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Alaf Mirac
Published: September 2023

In this study, the problem of volume expansion and agglomeration of
SnO2-based electrode materials has been solved with a unique and multifaced
approach. Nanosized SnO2 is coated around CNT with a void and this
structure is decorated between graphene sheets. The problem of aggregation
and volume expansion has been solved with nanostructure and voided
structure. Besides, conductivity and buffering contributions have been
provided by the production composite with graphene and CNT. Herein graphene
layers were decorated SnO2 nanotube with CNT core structure (SnO2@void@CNT)
and used as an anode for Li-ion battery. The electrodes were produced by
vacuum filtration technique as flexible and free-standing with no any
binder. To compare, pure SnO2 and SnO2 decorated graphene/CNT skeleton
anodes were prepared and characterized. The SnO2@void@CNT/graphene anode
exhibited excellent cycling performance and rate capability properties.
Design and analysis of vibratory screen for peanuts
Authors: Kaygusuz Emre
Published: September 2023

The low-cost cleaning and classification of granular agricultural products in
a vibrating environment is possible via the mathematical modeling of the
movement of a grain on the surface of the screen. In this study, design and
analysis of a vibratory screen used for cleaning and classifying peanuts
has been realized. Therefore, firstly a mathematical model of this process
has been developed based on analysis carried out on a grain making
translation on a vibrating surface. A 6- bar mechanism was selected as the
driving system and the kinematical analysis was performed to obtain the
basic inputs of the vibratory screen. Based on the mathematical model
developed, a design algorithm has been formed by which design and operating
parameters are selected so as to satisfy the necessary conditions for
effective sieving. This way ensures saving money and time. The algorithm
has been demonstrated on a numerical example and it is shown suitable to
sieve the peanut.
Simulation of newly designed vortex generators for optimizing fluid mixing efficiency in compact static mixers with single-exit configuration
Authors: Kaid Noureddine , Bayram Mustafa , Asad Jihad , Atif Muhammad , Alhassan Muataz , Ameur Houari , Ahmad Hijaz , Menni Younes
Published: September 2023

This research paper presents a highly significant study on a new type of
static mixer, using advanced numerical simulations to assess its mixing
efficiency. The mixer's unique T-shaped design with a spherical mixing
chamber and side entrances deviates from traditional designs, resulting in
smooth fluid-flow and reduced risk of blockages. The mixer employs
hydrodynamic pumps to create a vortex, enhancing mixing. Numerical
simulations reveal detailed insights into flow behavior and mixing
performance, demonstrating an impressive 94% mixing efficiency within a 2
cm diameter sphere. The innovative design and technique offer practical
solutions to industrial mixing problems, benefiting the chemical,
pharmaceutical, and related industries. The high mixing efficiency leads to
cost savings and improved product quality, while achieving the highest
mixing index at Re = 650 sets a new milestone in static mixing. These
findings contribute to applied mechanics and optimize industrial mixing
processes.
Nine-parameter path synthesis of planar four-bar mechanism with the aid of the general equation of coupler curve
Authors: Mutlu Huseyin
Published: September 2023

The design of a four-bar mechanism to generate a prescribed path with minimal
error is possible by using the maximum number of parameters that are
effective in the path synthesis of the mechanism. In this study, the design
of four-bar mechanisms, which intersect the given path curve at nine points,
was dealt with in two stages. In the first step, the kinematic equations of
the mechanism were used to implement the preliminary design based on the
five parameters and closed-form solving. Thus, all the possible solution
values have been reached with five parameters. In the second stage, which is
the final design, the general algebraic form of coupler curve, which is
dependent on the nine dimensions of the mechanism and of the sixth order,
was obtained. An objective function de-rived from the obtained equation is
subjected to an optimization process with nine-parameters by using the
dimensions obtained from the preliminary design as an initial value, and the
error between the actual and the desired path is minimized. The efficiency
of the method is shown by numerical example made by choosing difficult paths
to produce four-bar mechanisms.
Effective utilization of solar energy in sustainable agricultural irrigation a provincial example from Turkiye
Authors: Bingol Ali , Arslan Omer
Published: September 2023

Food supply security is one of the most important problems facing the world
today. Although fertile agricultural lands are decreasing day by day due to
climate change caused by global warming, the demand for food is increasing
with the increasing population from around the world. In addition, energy
input costs in food production are increasing day by day. One of the energy
input costs is the energy spent for agricultural irrigation. Meeting the
energy required for agricultural irrigation from the Sun will both prevent
environmental problems caused by fossil fuels and reduce agricultural
irrigation costs. In this study, the province of Mus, which is one of the
least developed cities in Turkey, with a high potential for agriculture and
solar energy, is considered as a case study. In this study, firstly, the
equipment that can be used in the solar-powered irrigation system was
determined, after the necessary formulas and calculations were made in
detail, finally, the cost analysis of this irrigation system was made and
the time that the system could pay for itself was calculated. With this
study, when the size of a field and the distance of the water source from
the field are known, the required water pump size, PV panel size and
installation cost can be easily calculated. Thus, a tool has been developed
that can be easily used by every farmer. It is believed that this program
will make a great contribution to encouraging farmers to en-gage in
irrigated agriculture by utilizing solar energy.
Riemannian submersions endowed with a new type of semi-symmetric non-metric connection
Authors: Karatas Esra , Zeren Semra , Altin Mustafa
Published: September 2023

In this paper we study relations for the covariant derivative of O?Neill?s
tensor fields, Riemannian curvature, Ricci curvature and scalar curvature of
the Riemannian submersion from a Riemannian manifold with respect to a new
type of semi-symmetric non-metric connection to a Riemannian manifold,
respectively, and demonstrate the relationship between them.