bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk analysis of the association between different hemoglobin glycation index and poor prognosis in critical patients with coronary heart disease-A study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Wei Xing , Chen Xinghua , Zhang Zhipeng , Wei Jing , Hu Ben , Long Nv , Feng Jun , Luo Chunmiao
Published: March 2024

Background

The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is the difference between the observed and predicted values of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which is closely associated with a variety of poor prognoses. However, there are still no studies on the correlation between HGI and poor prognosis in patients with critical coronary artery disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between HGI and all-cause mortality in patients with critical coronary artery disease using the MIMIC-IV database.

Methods

The HGI was calculated by constructing a linear regression equation between HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). A Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis model was constructed based on the HGI quartiles to clarify the differences in all-cause mortality rates between groups, and the log-rank test was used to assess the differences between groups. The hazard ratio (HR) of HGI as a risk factor for outcome events was assessed using the Cox proportional risk model and restricted cubic spline (RCS), with the Q2 group serving as the reference group.

Results

A total of 5260 patients were included in this study. The 30-day mortality rate of the patients was 4.94% and the mortality rate within 365 days was 13.12%. A low HGI was significantly associated with 30-day mortality (HR, 1.96; 95% CI, (1.38, 2.78); P < 0.001) and 365-day mortality (HR, 1.48; 95% CI, (1.19, 1.85); P < 0.001) in patients with critical coronary artery disease in the completely adjusted Cox proportional risk model. In addition, high levels of HGI were associated with 365-day mortality (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, (1.02, 1.69); P < 0.05). RCS analysis revealed a U-shaped relationship between HGI and outcome events. According to the stratified analysis, the interaction test revealed that the correlation between HGI and outcome events remained stable.

Conclusion

There was a significant correlation between HGI and all-cause mortality in patients with critical coronary artery disease, particularly in those with low HGI. HGI can be used as a potential indicator for assessing the short- and long-term risk of mortality in such patients.
Classification of vasovagal syncope from physiological signals on tilt table testing
Authors: Ferdowsi Mahbuba , Kwan Ban-Hoe , Tan Maw Pin , Saedon Nor’ Izzati , Subramaniam Sukanya , Abu Hashim Noor Fatin Izzati , Mohd Nasir Siti Sakinah , Zainal Abidin Imran , Chee Kok Han , Goh Choon-Hian
Published: March 2024

Background

The diagnostic test for vasovagal syncope (VVS), the most common cause of syncope is head-up tilt test (HUTT) assessment. During the test, subjects experienced clinical symptoms such as nausea, sweating, pallor, the feeling of palpitations, being on the verge of passing out, and fainting. The study's goal is to develop an algorithm to classify VVS patients based on physiological signals blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography (ECG) obtained from the HUTT.

Methods

After 10 min of supine rest, the subject was tilted at a 70-degree angle on a tilt table for approximately a total of 35 min. 400 µg of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) was administered sublingually after the first 20 min and monitoring continued for another 15 min. Mean imputation and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) imputation approaches to handle missing values. Next, feature selection techniques were implemented, including genetic algorithm, recursive feature elimination, and feature importance, to determine the crucial features. The Mann–Whitney U test was then performed to determine the statistical difference between two groups. Patients with VVS are categorized via machine learning models including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), KNN, Logistic Regression (LR), and Random Forest (RF). The developed model is interpreted using an explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) model known as partial dependence plot.

Results

A total of 137 subjects aged between 9 and 93 years were recruited for this study, 54 experienced clinical symptoms were considered positive tests, while the remaining 83 tested negative. Optimal results were obtained by combining the KNN imputation technique and three tilting features with SVM with 90.5% accuracy, 87.0% sensitivity, 92.7% specificity, 88.6% precision, 87.8% F1 score, and 95.4% ROC (receiver operating characteristics) AUC (area under curve).

Conclusions

The proposed algorithm effectively classifies VVS patients with over 90% accuracy. However, the study was confined to a small sample size. More clinical datasets are required to ensure that our approach is generalizable.
An isothermal CRISPR- based lateral flow assay for detection of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: Huyen Dao Thi , Reboud Julien , Quyen Dao Thanh , Cooper Jonathan M. , Velavan Thirumalaisamy P. , Trung Ngo Tat , Song Le Huu
Published: March 2024

Background

Neisseria meningitidis can cause life-threatening meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia. Old standard microbiological results from CSF/blood cultures are time consuming. This study aimed to combine the sensitivity of loop-mediated isothermal nucleic acid amplification (LAMP) with the specificity of CRISPR/Cas12a cleavage to demonstrate a reliable diagnostic assay for rapid detection of N. meningitidis.

Methods

A total of n = 139 samples were collected from patients with suspected meningococcal disease and were used for evaluation. The extracted DNA was subjected to qualitative real-time PCR, targeting capsular transporter gene (ctrA) of N. meningitidis. LAMP-specific primer pairs, also targeting the ctrA, were designed and the LAMP products were subjected to CRISPR/Cas12 cleavage reaction. the readout was on a lateral flow strip. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of LAMP-CRISPR/Cas was compared with real-time PCR assays. The limit of detection (LOD) was established with serial dilutions of the target N. meningitidis DNA and calculated by Probit regression analysis.

Results

Six LAMP assay-specific primers were developed targeting the ctrA gene of N. meningitidis, which is conserved in all meningococcal serogroups. The LAMP primers did not amplify DNA from other bacterial DNA tested, showing 100% specificity. The use of 0.4 M betaine increased the sensitivity and stability of the reaction. LAMP-CRISPR/Cas detected meningococcal serogroups (B, C, W). The assay showed no cross-reactivity and was specific for N. meningitidis. The LOD was 74 (95% CI: 47–311) N. meningitidis copies. The LAMP-CRISPR/Cas performed well compared to the gold standard. In the 139 samples from suspected patients, the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 91% and 99% respectively.

Conclusion

This developed and optimized method can complement for the available gold standard for the timely diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia.
Enhancing the efficacy of nano-curcumin on cancer cells through mixture design optimization of three emulsifiers
Authors: Sayyar Zahra , Jafarizadeh-Malmiri Hoda
Published: March 2024

Curcumin, a vital bioactive compound found naturally, has diverse biological applications. However, a major limitation of curcumin is its low bioavailability caused by its limited solubility in water. Hence, it is possible to overcome this problem through preparing oil in water nanodispersion of curcumin that emulsifier can play key role to produce nanodispersion. In the present study, the effect of three emulsifiers of Tween 80, Arabic Gum and Polyethylene glycol on preparing nanodispersions with desirable properties was investigated using subcritical water method and a mixture design. Zeta-potential and particle size of the achieved nanodispersions were taken into account as outcome factors. The optimum values for emulsifiers of Tween 80, Arabic Gum and Polyethylene glycol were obtained as 0.588 g, 0.639 g and 0.273 g, respectively, using the suggested model, so that obtained nanodispersion had minimum particle size (101.89 nm) and maximum zeta-potential (−24.99 mV). In fact, 102.5 nm and − 24.7 mV were obtained from experimental data at these values of emulsifiers. In addition, maximum loading potential (0.199 g/L), efficiency (99.5%), and minimum total curcumin loss (0.5%) were acquired at these optimum values. The results also show that the nanodispersion had a powerful antioxidant activity (65.27%) with extra antibacterial activity in facing with both E. coli and S. aureus strains. Moreover, curcumin nanodispersion was significantly taken up by HT-29 cells and resulted in the production of oxidative stress in the cells, leading to a decrease in the growth of cancer cells.
QSAR analysis of VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on machine learning, Topomer CoMFA and molecule docking
Authors: Ding Hao , Xing Fei , Zou Lin , Zhao Liang
Published: March 2024

VEGFR-2 kinase inhibitors are clinically approved drugs that can effectively target cancer angiogenesis. However, such inhibitors have adverse effects such as skin toxicity, gastrointestinal reactions and hepatic impairment. In this study, machine learning and Topomer CoMFA, which is an alignment-dependent, descriptor-based method, were employed to build structural activity relationship models of potentially new VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The prediction ac-curacy of the training and test sets of the 2D-SAR model were 82.4 and 80.1%, respectively, with KNN. Topomer CoMFA approach was then used for 3D-QSAR modeling of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The coefficient of q2 for cross-validation of the model 1 was greater than 0.5, suggesting that a stable drug activity-prediction model was obtained. Molecular docking was further performed to simulate the interactions between the five most promising compounds and VEGFR-2 target protein and the Total Scores were all greater than 6, indicating that they had a strong hydrogen bond interactions were present. This study successfully used machine learning to obtain five potentially novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors to increase our arsenal of drugs to combat cancer.
Complex effects of testosterone level on ectoparasite load in a ground squirrel: an experimental test for the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis
Authors: Wang Li-Qing , Liu Zhi-Tao , Wang Jian-Jun , Fang Yu-Han , Zhu Hao , Shi Ke , Zhang Fu-Shun , Shuai Ling-Ying
Published: March 2024

Background

The immunocompetence handicap hypothesis suggests that males with a higher testosterone level should be better at developing male secondary traits, but at a cost of suppressed immune performance. As a result, we should expect that males with an increased testosterone level also possess a higher parasite load. However, previous empirical studies aimed to test this prediction have generated mixed results. Meanwhile, the effect of testosterone level on parasite load in female hosts remains poorly known.

Methods

In this study, we tested this prediction by manipulating testosterone level in Daurian ground squirrels (Spermophilus dauricus), a medium-sized rodent widely distributed in northeast Asia. S. dauricus is an important host of ticks and fleas and often viewed as a considerable reservoir of plague. Live-trapped S. dauricus were injected with either tea oil (control group) or testosterone (treatment group) and then released. A total of 10 days later, the rodents were recaptured and checked for ectoparasites. Fecal samples were also collected to measure testosterone level of each individual.

Results

We found that testosterone manipulation and sex of hosts interacted to affect tick load. At the end of the experiment, male squirrels subjected to testosterone implantation had an averagely higher tick load than males from the control group. However, this pattern was not found in females. Moreover, testosterone manipulation did not significantly affect flea load in S. dauricus.

Conclusions

Our results only lent limited support for the immunocompetence handicap hypothesis, suggesting that the role of testosterone on regulating parasite load is relatively complex, and may largely depend on parasite type and gender of hosts.

Graphical Abstract
Conventional herniorrhaphy followed by laparoscopic appendectomy for a variant of Amyand’s hernia: a case report
Authors: Chang Yau-Ren , Wu Yu-Tung , Hsieh Chi-Hsun
Published: March 2024

Background

Amyand’s hernia (AH) is an appendix (with or without acute inflammation) trapped within an inguinal hernia. Most AH with acute appendicitis had a preexisting appendix within the hernia sac. We herein report a variant of AH that has never been described before. An inflamed appendix that was managed conservatively was found to have migrated and trapped in the sac of a previously unrecognized right inguinal hernia 6 weeks after the index admission, resulting in a secondary Amyand’s hernia.

Case presentation

A 25-year-old healthy Taiwanese woman had persistent right lower abdominal pain for 1 week and was diagnosed with perforated appendicitis with a localized abscess by abdominal computed tomography (CT). No inguinal hernia was noted at that time. Although the inflamed appendix along with the abscess was deeply surrounded by bowel loops so that percutaneous drainage was not feasible, it was treated successfully with antibiotics. However, she was rehospitalized 6 weeks later for having a painful right inguinal bulging mass for a week. Abdominal CT revealed an inflamed appendix with abscess formation in an indirect inguinal hernia raising the question of a Amyand’s hernia with a perforated appendicitis. Via a typical inguinal herniorrhaphy incision, surgical exploration confirmed the diagnosis, and it was managed by opening the hernial sac to drain the abscess and reducing the appendix into the peritoneal cavity, followed by conventional tissue-based herniorrhaphy and a laparoscopic appendectomy. She was then discharged uneventfully and remained well for 11 months.

Conclusions

Unlike the traditional definition of Amyand’s hernia, where the appendix is initially in the hernia sac, the current case demonstrated that Amyand’s hernia could be a type of delayed presentation following initial medical treatment of acute appendicitis. However, it can still be managed successfully by a conventional tissue-based herniorrhaphy followed by laparoscopic appendectomy.
Post molar choriocarcinoma with solitary renal metastasis in the absence of primary uterine tumor: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Geravandi Mahsa , Hajihashemi Ali , Adibi Atoosa , Habibi Tirtashi Reza
Published: March 2024

Background

Choriocarcinoma is a rare and highly malignant form of gestational trophoblastic disease that may develop following pregnancy, abortion, or a hydatiform mole. Renal metastatic involvement by post molar choriocarcinoma is even rarer. In this case report, we describe a unique case of post molar choriocarcinoma with a solitary renal metastasis in the absence of a primary uterine tumor and metastases in other sites, which presented with urological symptoms and spontaneous renal hemorrhage.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old Persian woman with history of complete hydatiform mole presented with severe flank pain, nausea, vomiting, gross hematuria, and vaginal bleeding. Laboratory tests demonstrated a serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin hormone level of 60,000 mIU/mL. Imaging studies showed a lesion at the lower pole of the left kidney with active bleeding surrounded by hematoma, as well as an empty uterine cavity. Additionally, bilateral pleural effusion was detected without any lesion within the lungs. Subsequently, the patient underwent laparotomy, partial nephrectomy, and left para-ovarian cystectomy. Endometrial curettage was also carried out. The histopathology report revealed choriocarcinoma renal metastasis with high expression of beta human chorionic gonadotropin, cytokeratin 7, and Ki 67. Moreover, there were no malignant cells in the endometrial curettage specimens, and a corpus luteum cyst was found within the para-ovarian cyst. Further investigations revealed that the pleural effusion was free of malignant cells, and there was no evidence of metastatic lesions in the brain. As a result, the patient was referred to the oncology department to receive chemotherapy, and the beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels dropped to 5 mIU/mL after receiving courses of a standard regimen of etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine/oncovin over 3 weeks. Finally, monthly measurements of beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels for 6 months indicated that levels have constantly remained within normal ranges, showing no evidence of recurrence or new metastasis.

Conclusions

Urological symptoms such as hematuria or spontaneous renal hemorrhage might be the only presentation of post molar choriocarcinoma with renal involvement. Thus, it can be beneficial to measure serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin levels among females of childbearing age who present with unexplained urological symptoms, especially if there is a history of prior hydatiform mole.
Low Mitotic Activity in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Marker for Aggressive Features and Recurrence
Authors: Lee-Saxton Yeon J , Egan Caitlin E , Bratton Brenden A , Thiesmeyer Jessica W , Greenberg Jacques A , Marshall Teagan E , Tumati Abhinay , Romero-Arenas Minerva , Beninato Toni , Zarnegar Rasa , Scognamiglio Theresa , Fahey Thomas J , Finnerty Brendan M
Published: March 2024

Context

The significance of low mitotic activity in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is largely undefined.

Objective

We aimed to determine the behavioral landscape of PTC with low mitotic activity compared with that of no and high mitotic activity.

Methods

A single-institution consecutive series of patients with PTC from 2018 to 2022 was reviewed. Mitotic activity was defined as no mitoses, low (1-2 mitoses/2 mm2) or high (≥3 mitoses/2 mm2) per the World Health Organization. The 2015 American Thyroid Association risk stratification was applied to the cohort, and clinicopathologic features were compared between groups. For patients with ≥6 months of follow-up, Cox regression analyses for recurrence were performed.

Results

A total of 640 PTCs were included—515 (80.5%) no mitotic activity, 110 (17.2%) low mitotic activity, and 15 (2.3%) high mitotic activity. Overall, low mitotic activity exhibited rates of clinicopathologic features including vascular invasion, gross extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node metastases in between those of no and high mitotic activity. PTCs with low mitotic activity had higher rates of intermediate- and high-risk American Thyroid Association (ATA) risk stratification compared with those with no mitotic activity (P < .001). Low mitotic activity PTCs also had higher recurrence rates (15.5% vs 4.5%, P < .001). Low mitotic activity was associated with recurrence, independent of the ATA risk stratification (HR 2.96; 95% CI 1.28-6.87, P = .01).

Conclusion

Low mitotic activity is relatively common in PTC and its behavior lies within a spectrum between no and high mitotic activity. Given its association with aggressive clinicopathologic features and recurrence, low mitotic activity should be considered when risk stratifying patients with PTC for recurrence.
Awareness and Willingness to Vaccinate against COVID-19 among Pregnant Women and Reasons Influencing their Decision in Poland – a Survey-Based Study
Authors: Baran Milena , Kuleta Martyna , Staniszewska Izabela , Mączyńska Wiktoria , Pater Mikołaj , Kazimierska Karolina
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for over 2 years and has resulted in more than 486 million cases and over 6 million deaths worldwide. Pregnant women are a special group of society exposed to severe or unpredictable course of infection.

Purpose of work: Assessment of awareness and willingness to vaccinate pregnant women against COVID-19 and reasons influencing this decision.

Materials and methods: The proprietary online survey addressed to women in Poland during pregnancy and women who were pregnant in the period from December 27, 2020 (introduction of the vaccine in Poland) to 20.03.2022. The study included a total of 518 respondents of reproductive age, among which 398 have a university degree and 108 have secondary education. 376 respondents got vaccinated against COVID-19 — 120 before getting pregnant, 199 during pregnancy and 57 after giving birth.

Summary: Most of the surveyed women (321) hadn’t had a positive PCR test for COVID-19 until the day of the survey, but 38% had a positive PCR test. Asked about reasons for getting vaccinated during pregnancy, most of the respondents stated that people should get vaccinated against COVID-19 in general, they got vaccinated because of the baby’s health, and that they acted according to the recommendations of The Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians and the World’s Health Organization. On the other hand, most of the women didn’t get vaccinated because they were afraid of the side effects, there is not enough research on the topic, and they believe that the vaccination is ineffective. Additionally, 154 respondents were encouraged by the doctors to get vaccinated in opposite to 21 who were discouraged by the doctor. The majority of the respondents are aware of the great risk of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Therefore, they got vaccinated against COVID-19 to minimize the risks of the infection.
Implementation of reduce, reuse, recycle (3R) movement to improve the students’ environmental literacy
Authors: Anisa Nur , Ainayah Ainun , Nafissah Nur Azkiah , Riyanto Sugeng , Endarsti Dewi
Published: March 2024

Using strategy in protecting environment is very important, since it can encourage a caring attitude towards the surrounding environment. This research aims to find out the efforts of SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen, a private elementary school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in implementing the policy of reuse, reduce, and recycle (3R) to improve environmental literacy for students. It is a qualitative research which collected the data through observation, documentation, and interviews. The results suggest that the efforts made to foster environmental literacy in students at SD Muhammadiyah Karangkajen through the 3R movement were carried out with supporting things such as refraction through culture, rules, the introduction of Adiwiyata program, and classroom learning based on the living environment.
Understanding the interaction between teacher and students in senior high school classroom
Authors: Saputri Ririn Vijayanti Indah , Kus Indratno Toni Kus , Kusfiana Rani
Published: March 2024

Education plays a central role in the formation of individuals and society. The relationship between teachers and students in the educational environment is a key factor that influences students' learning experiences and development. Teachers, as learning agents, have the responsibility to create an environment that supports students' academic and social growth. This research focuses on teacher-student interactions related to Academy Reaction and Social Reaction in class X students at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. In the context of lessons, including physics subjects, there has been no research that specifically examines teacher-student interaction relationships in the aspects of Academy Reaction and Social Reaction at SMA Muhammadiyah 4 Yogyakarta. This research aims to fill this knowledge gap and identify factors that influence students at these schools. This research provides valuable insight into the role of teachers in students' academic and Social Reactions and emphasizes the need to consider variations in teaching approaches to meet students' diverse needs.
Strengthening the attitude of cooperation through diversity projects
Authors: Lukmana Ardila Riski , Sukmaningsih Juwita , Sukmayadi Trisna
Published: March 2024

This research describes the students' cooperation attitude as one of the dimensions of the Pancasila student profile. This research aims to determine the strengthening of the attitude of cooperation through the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project activities. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach with observation and documentation data collection techniques. The results of this research are project-based learning activities that can strengthen the attitude of cooperation, involving teachers and students starting from the planning, implementation, and evaluation stages, namely through the Strengthening Pancasila Student Profile Project activity with the theme "Bhinneka: Nusantara in Legend" at the SMP Muhammadiyah 9 Yogyakarta, a private junior high school in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Then, there is also the impact of these activities on students and teachers. The output of this activity is a working title, namely a drama performance resulting from the creativity and cooperation of students and teachers.
Development of an IoT-Based PLC Trainer: Bridging the Practical Divide in Industrial Automation Education
Authors: Triatmaja Adhy Kurnia , Budiastuti Pramudita , Rismarinandyo Moch Yordan
Published: March 2024

In the dynamic landscape of digitalization, the fusion of Internet of Things (IoT) tech-nology with Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) has emerged as a pivotal avenue, promising enriched practical experiences and heightened comprehension. This paper navi-gates through recent studies elucidating the applications of IoT-based PLCs in diverse con-texts, from smart home automation to traffic control and resource management. Notable contributions include remote monitoring systems, smart traffic control, water level moni-toring, and automated greenhouses. Acknowledging persistent challenges in understanding and implementing PLCs, this research introduces an innovative IoT-based PLC Trainer Kit. The kit aims to elevate prac-tical learning by providing hands-on experiences, refining skills, and optimizing applica-tions across various domains. Emphasizing the pivotal role of practical training in PLC education, the study conducts a needs analysis, followed by the design, development, and testing phases of the IoT-based PLC Trainer. The prototype, employing an Omron CPM1A PLC, pneumatic components, sensors, and an intuitive interface, undergoes meticulous testing, affirming its readiness for deployment. The development of the IoT-based PLC Trainer marks a significant achievement, ad-dressing the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application. Through metic-ulous design, material selection, and testing, the trainer demonstrates optimal functionali-ty and user-friendliness. Anticipating its deployment in educational institutions and in-dustrial setups, the trainer is poised to contribute to the realm of industrial automation, offering a practical understanding of PLC applications within the Internet of Things con-text. This project not only signifies technical expertise but also bridges the gap between theory and practice in the dynamic domain of IoT-driven programmable logic control-lers
Work behavior analysis using do it method on the daily check officers at the locomotive depot of operation area VI Yogyakarta, Indonesian railway company
Authors: Hariyono Widodo , Ramadhan R. Mulya Rizkitiar
Published: March 2024

Background: One of the efforts to reduce accidents is to use the Do It method. Work accidents caused by incorrect work behavior. One of the theories used for the ABC theory uses the Do It method to perform maintenance. The purpose of this study is to determine the behavior of workers in the Daily Check section at the Locomotive Depo PT. Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) Operation Area VI Yogyakarta using the Do It method.
Method: This type of research is qualitative research. Subjects in the study were 5 people consisting of 4 officers of the Daily Check section and 1 leader of the Quality Control Section. Data collection is done by observation, reviewing documents, and interviews.
Results: The results of the study revealed that the status of workers' behavior in the Daily Check section officer in the category behaved safely. Judging from the predetermined and observed behavioral targets, the safety briefing activities have a percentage of 90% behavioral status, 62,5% percentage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) use behavior, and 94,2% percentage of compliance procedures.
Conclusion: The behavior status of workers in the Daily Check section officer behaves safely. Behavioral targets and observations were carried out namely safety briefing activities, PPE use behavior, and compliance with work procedures.
Potential hazards and risk identification of safety and health in iron fabrication area of building construction project
Authors: Zulhayudin Muhammad Fadillah , Razzak Abdul
Published: March 2024

Background: Hazard is a threat to the safety and health of workers. Iron fabrication as an iron work area to cut, bend, and assemble irons which will be used for building construction structures is not an exception for hazards. Preliminary observation has shown a number of hazards which were interesting to be identified further. This study aims to identify hazards in an iron fabrication area. It might be used as a basis to evaluate risks and decide appropriate control determinants.
Method: The type of this study was a descriptive survey with an observational approach. The method applied in the study was a Walkthrough Survey using hazard identification sheets as the instruments. Hazard identification was conducted based on UURI Nomor 1 Tahun 1970 (RI Law, 1970) and PPRI Nomor 50 Tahun 2012 (RI Government Regulation, 2012), i.e. by identifying hazards coming from humans, production materials, tools, machinery, work methods, and work environment.
Results: Unsafe action; Corroded iron coated with silica; Use of pliers, bending machine, cutting machine, grinder; Repetitive movements of manual handling, awkward body postures; Vibration, noise, heat pressure, dust, fecal coliform, mosquitos, centipedes, and scattered iron cuttings were some of the identified hazards.
Conclusion: Every hazard has its own risk whose extent has not been evaluated in this study. In addition, control determinants have not been elaborated. Therefore, further studies are required to evaluate the risks and decide the control determinants based on the hazards which have been identified in this study.
OSH risk analysis with hazard identification risk assessment and control (HIRARC) method at NPK Fertilizer Production Department of PT X
Authors: Nuriah Ayu Nitri , Rudyarti Edwina
Published: March 2024

According to Menurut BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (Social Security Management Agency of Manpower), there has been a constant increase in occupational accidents in the last 7 years, where by 2022 it reached 265.334. The NPK factory of PT X is a petrochemical factory that produces NPK fertilizer. In it's production process, it needs nitrogen, phosphate, kalium and clay as it's raw materials. In addition to the chemical materials for it's production purposes, PT X utilizes modern machineries to make the process easier. From this description, it can be concluded that the production of NPK fertilizer would create a number of hazards which may lead to occupational accidents (OA) as well as occupational diseases (OD). This study aims to analyze the OSH risks which are present at the NPK factory of PT X using the method of Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control. This is a quantitative study with observational descriptive approaches. It was found out that before the implementation of risk control, the NPK factory of PT X had the extreme risk rate of 75%, high risk rate of 14%, and medium risk rate of 3% from the total of 28 existing hazards (100%). Upon the implementation of control on the 28 hazards, PT X experienced the decrease in risk rates as follows: high risk 11%, medium risk 23%, and low risk 7%. Keywords: OSH risk analysis, Hazard Identification Risk Assessment And Control.
A Survey on the Level of Knowledge of Clinical Dental Hygienists on Dental Care for Patients with Dementia
Authors: Kim Na-Hyun , Mun So-Jung
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of dental hygienists regarding dementia, in order to contribute to the development of standardized educational curricula and programs in the future. Methods: The study involved a survey of 220 dental hygienists with more than 1 year of clinical experience. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, frequency analyses, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. Results: A comparison of knowledge levels across the considered variables, revealed significant differences associated with education, marital status, the presence of dementia in a family member,and the frequency of the dementia patient’s visits to the institution where the participant was employed (p<0.05). Upon reviewing the correct answer rates by item and the average socres in terms of factors, it became evident that both the correct answer rates and average scores were lower for imens and factors involving characteristics associated with dementia. The correct answer rates by item and the average scores by factor revealed that both the correct answer rates and average scores were lower for items and factors involving characteristics related to dementia. Conclusions: Practical education and research targeted at students of dental hygiene and dental hygienists is deemed necessary for the provision of appropriate care and a safe clinical environment in dental treatments for dementia patients.
The Relationship between the Perceptions of Risk in Dental Care and the Dental Fear Index during COVID-19
Authors: Kim Jeong-Eun , Choi Youn-Hee
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study examined the degree of fear of contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among dental patients and the factors that affect their decision-making. Methods: A survey was conducted on patients from one dental clinic and one general hospital in City B. Results: Statistically significant differences in the dental fear index were observed in all items before and during COVID-19. Among the psychological factors that influenced the dental fear index, ‘afraid of getting COVID-19 infection’ and ‘afraid because don't have accurate dental information were statistically significant’ (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). Conclusions: Our results confirmed that patients who visited the dentist during COVID-19 demonstrated greater fear, with increased scores in all items of the dental fear index, compared to before COVID-19.
Practice and Knowledge of Influenza and Hepatitis B Vaccination among University Students
Authors: Lee Eun-Song , Kim Ae-Ri , Kim Ji-Hye
Published: March 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, needs and practice regarding influenza and hepatitis B vaccination of university students. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 225 students who agreed to participate in the study. The participants' general characteristics, education experiences, vaccination practices, needs, and knowledge were analyzed using statistical methods. Results: Among the participants, 78.7% had experienced influenza vaccination, while 50.7% had received hepatitis B vaccination. The vaccination practices were significantly influenced by education experience. The levels of needs and knowledge exhibited significant differences according to major, field placements, and education experience. There was a significant positive correlation between the levels of knowledge and needs with actual vaccination practices. Conclusions: A significant positive correlation existed between the participants' vaccination knowledge and needs with vaccination practices. The findings demonstrate that higher knowledge levels and perceived needs were associated with increased vaccination rates.
Synergistic working: dental core trainees and foundation doctors in OMFS
Authors: Ahmad Rabab , McKinlay Samantha , Porter Patrick , Ridout Rebecca
Published: March 2024

We describe our experience of multidisciplinary teamworking in the oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) department at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital in Glasgow, which has a unique setup including both foundation doctors and dental core trainees (DCTs). Very few other units in the UK utilise DCTs and foundation doctors working together at a junior level in OMFS. This article explores the advantages and disadvantages of this interdisciplinary approach, and why we believe that other departments should also adopt this strategy
Augmented reality: a new perspective in dental education
Authors: Blanchard Jessica , Koshal Sonita
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION

The Microsoft HoloLens is a mixed reality device with the capability to provide a real-time 3D platform using multiple sensors and holographic processing to display information, and even to simulate a virtual world. With rapidly evolving technology and virtual learning on the increase, the HoloLens can be used as a vital tool for education and surgical planning. The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain its benefit in dental education and in the surgical planning of complex oral surgery procedures.

METHODS

A cohort of postgraduate dentists working at the Eastman Dental Hospital in London were shown two holographic videos. Participation was voluntary and an email invitation was sent to all non-consultant grade dental staff across multiple dental specialties. The cases demonstrated were a mandibular third molar in close association with the inferior alveolar nerve and an impacted tooth. Each video had a narration and explanation by a consultant oral surgeon. After having watched the videos, participants were asked to rate seven statements using a Likert scale.

RESULTS

Eighty-two per cent of participants reported improved comprehension of orientating anatomical structures. All participants (100%) noted improved confidence in surgical planning. Ninety-four per cent believed that the technology was an invaluable surgical tool in postgraduate training.

CONCLUSIONS

Augmented reality has the potential to change the face of surgery in the 21st century. This technology can be used to improve surgical training, especially in an environment where hands-on training is limited and virtual learning is promoted.
The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success)
Authors: Walzer Michael
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: This article considers the useful application of just war theory to the Vietnam War and to others after. It describes the triumph of the theory, which has brought with it more questionable uses.
Adapting to Climate Change: Rising Sea Levels, Limiting Risks
Authors: Oppenheimer Michael
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Climate change and resulting sea level rise will cause risk from coastal storms to increase throughout this century. Aggressive implementation of emissions reduction policies would significantly limit the risk, but in any event, planning for comprehensive adaptation is necessary. Past experience with long-term planning to reduce vulnerability and exposure along the coast shows a significant shortfall between the need to reduce risk and the implementation of appropriate policies. A new approach to public policy in this arena should be a priority for policymakers.
The Fear of Art: How Censorship Becomes Iconoclasm
Authors: Freedberg David
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Every act of censorship is also an act of iconoclasm. Together they constitute one of the oldest paradoxes of image making and of figuration. To make an image is both to want it and to fear it. The more it is desired, the more it seems contra naturam , and so is feared. It often has a vitality that is startlingly at odds with both its materiality and its concept. To parse individual episodes of censorship and iconoclasm is to uncover the roots of both the fear of images and the fear of art. But each of the many motives for censorship and iconoclasm testify, above all, to the impossibility of escaping it.
The Anatomy of an Apology
Authors: Brooks Roy L.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: This article discusses the elements of a genuine apology. I conclude that the myriad apologies coming from all corners of society—individuals and institutions, including the US government's apology for slavery—are woefully inadequate. What we are witnessing is not deep remorse but something less than that, such as perpetrators who are only sorry that they got caught, those who are only apologizing for show or who are only interested in scoring political points. Serious transgression and injury require a redemptive act to make the apology more than just rhetoric. Saying "I'm sorry" is often not enough.
Sol-Gel Spin Coated Transparent Single-TiO2 and SiO2 Thin Film on Glass for Opto-electronic Applications
Authors: Sigamani Saravanan , Someswararao M.V. , Swaminatham V.
Published: March 2024

Great attention has been given on the sol-gel synthesis and spin-coating deposition techniques for the fabrication of various thin films. Because of its simple technique to fabricate dielectric (metal oxide) films using tetraethyl orthosilicate and titanium isopropoxide precursors. In this work, transparent single layer of SiO2 and TiO2 thin film was deposited on a glass substrate and characterized by  FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The single layer thin film was mechanically  stable and strong by adhering to glass substrates. The FTIR transmittance spectrum evidenced the existence of Si-O-Si and Ti-O-Ti at  ~1100 and 1400 cm-1. The UV-visible absorbance spectra of single layer of SiO2 and TiO2 thin films showed strong absorption at below  00 nm. The excitation wavelength at 380 nm, the fluorescence spectra of both thin films showed the highest emission spectrum  in between 733-798 nm. The SEM studies confirmed the smooth surface in both SiO2 and TiO2 layers. Further, it could be useful for  various applications such as back reflector in solar cells, anti-reflection coatings, hydrophobic and anti-fogging materials.
Theoretical Validation of Reversible Acidochromism of a Cinnamaldehyde based Scaffold with Experimental Investigations
Authors: Patgiri Rupam , Saha Bapan , Sarma Nilpawan , Rahman Ziaur , Bepari Ruhul Amin
Published: March 2024

Present study explores the reversible acidochromism displayed by cinnamaldehyde derivative-based scaffold (P1), which is highly sensitive to variations in acidity and basicity. Upon exposing to an acidic environment, the solution containing P1 undergoes a vivid colour shift from yellow to a vibrant pink-fuchsia colour due to the conversion of imine within P1 into its quinonoid form. The color change can be completely reversed by adding a basic material, demonstrating the reversible acidochromic behavior of the P1 system. Moreover, the practical application of this acidochromic property is demonstrated through the development of a test kit utilizing paper strips. This kit effectively harnesses the acidochromic nature of P1 to detect even minute quantities of acidic or basic substances in solutions. The underlying mechanisms of the acid-base detection and corresponding colorimetric shifts in response to the acid-base interactions have meticulously been explored using density functional theoretical investigations.
Improving Photocatalytic Performance through Incorporation of Various Cations in A-site of Double Perovskite Material (Cs0.50MA0.50)2SnI6 for Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye Pollutant under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Raja R. , Manoah J. John Sunil , Vijayan M. , Ganesan R.
Published: March 2024

In this article, undoped double perovskite materials like caesium tin iodide (Cs2SnI6), methyl ammonium tin iodide [MA2SnI6: MA denotes CH3NH3+] and mixed double perovskite material [(Cs0.50MA0.50)2SnI6] were synthesized using a wet chemical methodology. The crystal structure confirmation, optical properties, thermal properties, surface morphology and presence of elemental composition of the prepared samples using XRD, UV, TGA and FESEM-EDAX analyses were thoroughly investigated. The synthesized materials were employed as photocatalysts to degrade methylene blue dye within 120 min under visible light. An increase in the optical properties of the synthesized double perovskite materials was confirmed by ultraviolet (UV) analysis, which showed that the introduction of various cations into the perovskite material at the A-site shifted the photoluminescence (PL) emission peak to the red. TGA results demonstrated that (Cs0.50MA0.50)2SnI6 has greater thermal stability, which was confirmed by the presence of 43% of sample despite the temperature reaching almost 870 ºC. Doped double perovskite material (Cs0.50MA0.50)2SnI6 exhibited increased photocatalytic activity, with methylene blue dye degradation efficiency attaining 89% after 120 min of visible light irradiation, which is greater than pure double perovskite materials. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye is mostly facilitated by hydroxyl radicals and holes, according to a radical trapping experiment that we conducted by employing different scavengers. The results of the current work showed that doped double perovskite materials [(Cs0.50MA0.50)2SnI6] exhibit high thermal stability as well as higher photocatalytic activity than pure double perovskite materials. A possible photocatalytic reaction process is also diagrammatically using the band positions of double perovskite materials found using Mott-Schottky plots , which confirms that the synthesized double perovskite material has an N-type semiconductor nature.
Design, Development and Molecular Docking Studies of C-2 Sulfenylated Benzofurans: Potential Interleukin 1-β Antagonist
Authors: Jyoti  , Devi Suman , Kumar Vikram , Wadhwa Deepak
Published: March 2024

An environmental friendly methodology for C-2 sulfenylation of benzofurans through dehydrogenative cross-coupling has been developed. Sulfenylation at second position is carried out using commercially available thiols in presence of molecular iodine and DMSO. The reaction accommodates wide spectrum of electronically diverse substituents on thiophenol ring. This process offers diverse advantages, including greener reaction conditions, moderate to good percentage yields, easy workup, no additional metal catalysts requirement and gram scale synthesis. Molecular docking studies is also conducted to substantiate interleukin 1-β antagonist nature of the designed compounds.
Isolation of Verimol G from Illicium verum Hook.f. Fruit and its Computational Prediction as Antimalarial Agent
Authors: Kristanti A.N. , Aminah N.S. , Bramayudha T.C. , Mukharomah K.W. , Wardana A.P. , Ilham B. , Takaya Y.
Published: March 2024

The present research focused on the isolation of the major compound in Illicium verum Hook.f. fruit and exploring its potential as an inhibitor of Plasmodium falciparum through computational approach, molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Verimol G was successfully extracted from the ethyl acetate extract for the first time from fruit. A successful prediction of the preferred orientation of the ligand to the receptor has been determined by the docking molecular approach. A molecular dynamics simulation was also conducted to study the dynamic behaviour of verimol G in relation to wild-type P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (PfDHFR). The free binding energy analyses (ΔGbind) of verimol G-PfDHRF was found to be -8.07 kcal mol-1. The decomposition energy results (ΔGbindresidue) showed that there were seven key binding residues which stabilized the binding of verimol G. The anticipated data could potentially serve as valuable insights for the advancement and formulation of an antiplasmodial medicine.