bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Extension of the Hajnal–Szemerédi Theorem to Directed Graphs
Authors: CZYGRINOW ANDRZEJ , DeBIASIO LOUIS , KIERSTEAD H. A. , MOLLA THEODORE
Published: October 2014

Hajnal and Szemerédi proved that every graph G with |G| = ks and δ(G)⩾ k(s − 1) contains k disjoint s-cliques; moreover this degree bound is optimal. We extend their theorem to directed graphs by showing that every directed graph $\vv G$ with |$\vv G$| = ks and δ($\vv G$) ⩾ 2k(s − 1) − 1 contains k disjoint transitive tournaments on s vertices, where δ($\vv G$)= minv∈V($\vv G$)d−(v)+d+(v). Our result implies the Hajnal–Szemerédi theorem, and its degree bound is optimal. We also make some conjectures regarding even more general results for multigraphs and partitioning into other tournaments. One of these conjectures is supported by an asymptotic result.
Inorganic -eand doublenin the CaligulaBrut: implications for case marking
Authors: SHINKAWA SEIJI
Published: October 2014

This article investigates variant forms of the demonstrative ‘that’ and the adjective in the Caligula Manuscript of Laȝamon'sBrutand concludes that they to a large extent maintain the traditional category distinction between the accusative and the dative by the use of the suffixes -neand -Vn(whereVstands for any vowel) respectively. There are, however, factors that potentially compromise the status of these terminations as case markers: phonetic reduction (which has often been invoked), capricious addition or deletion of finale, occasional doubling or simplification of nasals, and simply unexpected choices of forms in the paradigm. These seem to be consistent with the sort of mistakes that scribes might occasionally make when faced with an original that has a different orthographical and morphological system from their own, and they are not as disruptive of the case-marking system as at first sight they might appear. For one thing, they occur rather rarely and are generally outnumbered by historically expected forms; for another, the resultant unexpected case forms, usually with the stem vowel preferred by the historical forms in the case of the demonstrative, are predominantly accompanied by a historically motivated case form of their head noun. The status of accusative -neand dative -Vn, in fact, appears to be stable enough to lead to the development of a system or subsystem of indicating case regardless of gender considerations in their respective case contexts. These suffixes can therefore be treated validly as independent case markers, although in concrete cases the possibility always exists that there is an optional finale, an unhistorical double or singlen, or an unexpected choice of inflectional forms.
The perfect participle paradox: some implications for the architecture of grammar
Authors: BREUL CARSTEN
Published: October 2014

The topic of this article can be exemplified by the final clause of the following attested sentence: I don't know how he found out that she belonged to that lass, but find out he has. Clauses like this one show a preposed verb phrase that is headed by a plain verb whereas the non-preposed verb phrase of their canonical counterparts is obligatorily headed by a perfect participle (i.e. he has {found / *find} out). This peculiarity of verb phrase preposing, which will be referred to as the perfect participle paradox, has seldom been discussed. The article starts by showing that clauses that manifest the paradox are more frequent in the Corpus of Contemporary American English and in the British National Corpus than their non-paradoxical analogues with preposed canonical perfect participles. The article then looks at the paradox from the point of view of generative syntax, discusses and rejects previous analyses, and argues that a solution entails the rejection of two assumptions that have been associated with a lexicalist position, especially by proponents of distributed morphology. These are the assumptions that (a) a syntactic terminal is an item supplied by the lexicon and comprising a phonological representation and (b) that syntax may not manipulate the internal structure of syntactic terminals. The article proposes an analysis that is not based on these assumptions, but argues that the analysis does not entail the superiority of a distributed morphology framework.
Microstructural Characterization of Dehydrogenated Products of the LiBH4-YH3 Composite
Authors: Kim Ji Woo , Kim Kee-Bum , Shim Jae-Hyeok , Cho Young Whan , Oh Kyu Hwan
Published: October 2014

The dehydrogenated microstructure of the lithium borohydride-yttrium hydride (LiBH4-YH3) composite obtained at 350°C under 0.3 MPa of hydrogen and static vacuum was investigated by transmission electron microscopy combined with a focused ion beam technique. The dehydrogenation reaction between LiBH4 and YH3 into LiH and YB4 takes place under 0.3 MPa of hydrogen, which produces YB4 nano-crystallites that are uniformly distributed in the LiH matrix. This microstructural feature seems to be beneficial for rehydrogenation of the dehydrogenation products. On the other hand, the dehydrogenation process is incomplete under static vacuum, leading to the unreacted microstructure, where YH3 and YH2 crystallites are embedded in LiBH4 matrix. High resolution imaging confirmed the presence of crystalline B resulting from the self-decomposition of LiBH4. However, Li2B12H12, which is assumed to be present in the LiBH4 matrix, was not clearly observed.
The liability market value as benchmark in pension fund performance measurement
Authors: BOLLA LIDIA , WITTIG HAGEN , KOHLER ALEXANDER
Published: October 2014

Often performance of pension funds is assessed based on the development of the assets only, neglecting the simultaneous development of the liabilities. This especially is the case in Switzerland, one of the world's largest markets for corporate pension funds. We create a new liability benchmark for referencing the asset performance. Measuring the asset performance with respect to the liability benchmark yields the Asset-Liability-Result. We apply the model to (i) the Swiss pension fund market as a whole and (ii) an individual Swiss pension fund. With our new approach, we are able to show that the pension funds’ recovery from the recent financial crisis took much longer than the value increase of the asset portfolios suggests. We strongly advocate the use of a liability benchmark for analyzing the entire pension fund markets’ performance and specifically as operational tool for individual pension funds.
VIGOUR, ENTHUSIASM AND PRINCIPLES: EDMUND BURKE'S VIEWS OF EUROPEAN HISTORY
Authors: SATO SORA
Published: October 2014

This essay analyses Burke's ideas on European history, which lay scattered over his works, and suggests that Burke may have considered Europe, with the notable exception of ancient Rome, as having been in a state of barbarism or confusion from the ancient era until the sixteenth century, despite the gradual development of society. Unlike some of his contemporaries, he did not closely examine the growth of a European state system, nor the rise of the balance of power in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Nor did he specially underline the collapse of feudalism and the process of establishing absolute monarchy. Instead, Burke stressed more fundamental elements. While he often drew attention to the glimmer of hope towards future prosperity amid devastation, which dominated large parts of European history, his ideas on European history reflected his long-held social theory that nations could revive and develop as long as the foundations of society were not damaged.
Gaining pounds by losing pounds: preferences for lifestyle interventions to reduce obesity
Authors: Ryan Mandy , Yi Deokhee , Avenell Alison , Douglas Flora , Aucott Lorna , van Teijlingen Edwin , Vale Luke
Published: October 2014

While there is evidence that weight-loss interventions reduce morbidity, indications of their acceptability are limited. Understanding preferences for lifestyle interventions will help policymakers design interventions. We used a discrete choice experiment to investigate preferences for lifestyle interventions to reduce adult obesity. Attributes focused on: the components of the programme; weight change; short-term and longer-term health gains; time spent on the intervention and financial costs incurred. Data were collected through a web-based questionnaire, with 504 UK adults responding. Despite evidence that dietary interventions are the most effective way to lose weight, respondents preferred lifestyle interventions involving physical activity. While the evidence suggests that behaviour change support improves effectiveness of interventions, its value to participants was limited. A general preference to maintain current lifestyles, together with the sensitivity of take up to financial costs, suggests financial incentives could be used to help maximise uptake of healthy lifestyle interventions. An important target group for change, men, required more compensation to take up healthier lifestyles. Those of normal weight, who will increase in weight over time if they do not change their lifestyle, required the highest compensation. Policymakers face challenges in inducing people to change their behaviour and adopt healthy lifestyles.
The Choosing People: Interpreting the Puzzling Politics of American Jewry
Authors: Wald Kenneth D.
Published: October 2014

The political liberalism of American Jews is puzzling because it contradicts the assumption that economic self-interest drives political behavior. Attempts to solve this puzzle with “Judaic” explanations compound the problem by offering theories that are static and universal while American Jewish political behavior is dynamic and situational. Using both historical and behavioral data, I argue that the solution to these puzzles is found in the overriding concern of American Jews with maintaining their equal citizenship in a society with a classic liberal regime of religion and state. This situational model also helps integrate work on Jewish political studies with theories and concepts commonly used by political scientists to explain mass political behavior.
Overt and Subtle Discrimination, Subjective Well-Being and Physical Health-Related Quality Of Life in an Obese Sample
Authors: Magallares Alejandro , Benito de Valle Pilar , Irles Jose Antonio , Jauregui-Lobera Ignacio
Published: October 2014

Obesity represents a serious health issue affecting millions of people in Western industrialized countries. The severity of the medical problems it causes is paralleled by the fact that obesity has become a social stigma that affects the psychological health-related quality of life of individuals with weight problems. Our study, with 111 obese patients of a Spanish hospital, focused specifically on how overt and subtle discrimination is related to subjective well-being (affect balance and life satisfaction) and physical health-related quality of life. It was shown that overt (r = –.28, p < .01 with affect balance; r = –.26, p < .01 with life satisfaction) and subtle discrimination (r = –.28, p < .01 with affect balance; r = –.27, p < .01 with life satisfaction) were negatively linked with subjective well-being, and that there was a negative correlation between overt discrimination and physical health-related quality of life (r = –.26, p < .01). Additionally, it was found that overt discrimination was a mediator variable in the relationship between physical health-related quality of life and subjective well-being using the Baron and Kenny procedure. Finally, it is discussed the relationship between discrimination, subjective well-being and physical health-related quality of life in obese people.
Empirically Supported Treatments for Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia in a Spanish Psychology Clinic
Authors: Ballesteros Francisco , Labrador Francisco J.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this work is to study the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PD/Ag), as well as the characteristics of the treatment and its results and cost in a University Psychology Clinic. Fifty patients demanded psychological assistance for PD/Ag; 80% were women, with an average age of 29.22 years (SD = 9.03). Mean number of evaluation sessions was 3.26 (SD = 1.03), and of treatment sessions, 13.39 (SD = 9.237). Of the patients, 83.33% were discharged (that is, questionnaire scores were below the cut-off point indicated by the authors, and no PD/Ag was observed at readministration of the semistructured interview), 5.5% refused treatment, and 11% were dropouts. The average number of treatment sessions of patients who achieved therapeutic success was 15.13 (SD = 8.98). Effect sizes (d) greater than 1 were obtained in all the scales. Changes in all scales were significant (p < .05). The estimated cost of treatment for patients who achieved therapeutic success was 945.12€. The treatment results are at least similar to those of studies of efficacy and effectiveness for PD/Ag. The utility of generalizing treatments developed in research settings to a welfare clinic is discussed.
MAIT cells are depleted early but retain functional cytokine expression in HIV infection
Authors: Fernandez Caroline S , Amarasena Thakshila , Kelleher Anthony D , Rossjohn Jamie , McCluskey James , Godfrey Dale I , Kent Stephen J
Published: October 2014

Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells home to mucosal sites and exert antimicrobial activity against bacteria and other microorganisms. HIV infection leads to early depletion of gut T cells and translocation of bacterial products. There are reports that MAIT cells, defined by coexpression of Vα7.2 and CD161, are depleted during HIV infection and residual MAIT cells are functionally impaired. However, one study suggested that MAIT cells might remain after HIV infection but evade detection through CD161 downregulation. Thus, the impact of HIV infection on MAIT cells is unclear. We studied longitudinal blood samples from 31 HIV‐infected subjects for MAIT cell numbers, phenotype and function using both standard Vα7.2/CD161 surface markers and an MR1 tetramer. We found that MAIT cells were depleted early during HIV infection, and although there was a concomitant rise in Vα7.2+CD161– cells, these were MR1 tetramer negative, indicating that these are unlikely to be altered MAIT cells. Antigen‐mediated activation of residual MAIT cells showed that they remained functional out to 2 years following HIV infection. Although MAIT cells are depleted in HIV infection, residual and functionally active MAIT cells persist and may still be able to assist in controlling bacterial translocation during HIV infection.
Linking soil bacterial biodiversity and soil carbon stability
Authors: Mau Rebecca L , Liu Cindy M , Aziz Maliha , Schwartz Egbert , Dijkstra Paul , Marks Jane C , Price Lance B , Keim Paul , Hungate Bruce A
Published: October 2014

Native soil carbon (C) can be lost in response to fresh C inputs, a phenomenon observed for decades yet still not understood. Using dual-stable isotope probing, we show that changes in the diversity and composition of two functional bacterial groups occur with this ‘priming’ effect. A single-substrate pulse suppressed native soil C loss and reduced bacterial diversity, whereas repeated substrate pulses stimulated native soil C loss and increased diversity. Increased diversity after repeated C amendments contrasts with resource competition theory, and may be explained by increased predation as evidenced by a decrease in bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies. Our results suggest that biodiversity and composition of the soil microbial community change in concert with its functioning, with consequences for native soil C stability.
Electro- and Magneto-Modulated Ion Transport through Graphene Oxide Membranes
Authors: Sun Pengzhan , Zheng Feng , Wang Kunlin , Zhong Minlin , Wu Dehai , Zhu Hongwei
Published: October 2014

The control of ion trans-membrane transport through graphene oxide (GO) membranes is achieved by electric and magnetic fields. Electric field can either increase or decrease the ion transport through GO membranes depending on its direction and magnetic field can enhance the ion penetration monotonically. When electric field is applied across GO membrane, excellent control of ion fluidic flows can be done. With the magnetic field, the effective anchoring of ions is demonstrated but the modulation of the ion flowing directions does not occur. The mechanism of the electro- and magneto-modulated ion trans-membrane transport is investigated, indicating that the electric fields dominate the ion migration process while the magnetic fields tune the structure of nanocapillaries within GO membranes. Results also show that the ion selectivity of GO membranes can be tuned with the electric fields while the transport of ions can be enhanced synchronously with the magnetic fields. These excellent properties make GO membranes promising in areas such as field-induced mass transport control and membrane separation.
Design and synthesis of ultrasensitive off–on fluoride detecting fluorescence probe via autoinductive signal amplification
Authors: Gu Jiun-An , Mani Veerappan , Huang Sheng-Tung
Published: October 2014

Design and synthesis of an ultrasensitive fluorescence probeviaautoinductive signal amplification for picomolar detection of fluoride.
A label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for the sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1
Authors: Chen Liguo , Jiang Jianhui , Shen Guoli , Yu Ruqin
Published: October 2014

Because of the potential health impact of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), it is essential to monitor the level of this mycotoxin in a variety of foods and agricultural products.
MMP-9 triggered micelle-to-fibre transitions for slow release of doxorubicin
Authors: Kalafatovic Daniela , Nobis Max , Javid Nadeem , Frederix Pim W. J. M. , Anderson Kurt I. , Saunders Brian R. , Ulijn Rein V.
Published: October 2014

MMP-9 responsive peptide amphiphiles designed for localised formation of nanofibre depots for slow release of hydrophobic anticancer drugs.
TfOH-catalyzed synthesis of 3-aryl isoindolinones via a tandem reaction
Authors: Hu Jiaxing , Qin Hua-Li , Xu Wengang , Li Junli , Zhang Fanglin , Zheng Hua
Published: October 2014

A convenient method for the synthesis of 3-aryl isoindolinones via TfOH catalyzed C–H functionalization of arenes with 2-formylbenzonitriles is developed.
Mesoporous Pt hollow cubes with controlled shell thicknesses and investigation of their electrocatalytic performance
Authors: Li Cuiling , Jiang Bo , Imura Masataka , Malgras Victor , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: October 2014

Mesoporous Pt hollow cubes (MPHCs) are successfully synthesized by using surfactant micelles as the soft-template directing uniformly-sized mesopores.
Facile synthesis of hydrophilic multi-colour and upconversion photoluminescent mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for bioapplications
Authors: Kong Qinglu , Zhang Lingxia , Liu Jianan , Wu Meiying , Chen Yu , Feng Jingwei , Shi Jianlin
Published: October 2014

Hydrophilic mesoporous carbon nanoparticles have been synthesized via a precursor carbonization-in-solvent route, which display multicolor and upconversion photoluminescence properties.
Artificial concurrent catalytic processes involving enzymes
Authors: Köhler Valentin , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: October 2014

Various aspects of simultaneous enzymatic catalysis are reviewed with an emphasis on the combination of biocatalysts with transition metal catalysts.
A DFT study of a new class of gold nanocluster-photochrome multi-functional switches
Authors: Fihey Arnaud , Maurel François , Perrier Aurélie
Published: October 2014

The structural and electronic properties of dithienylethene photochromic molecules grafted onto a Au25 nanocluster are reviewed and electron/energy transfers are discussed with the help of (TD-)DFT calculations.
Hidden aspects of the Structural theory of chemistry: MC-QTAIM analysis reveals “alchemical” transformation from a triatomic to a diatomic structure
Authors: Goli Mohammad , Shahbazian Shant
Published: October 2014

The structures of the triatomic molecules transform topologically into the diatomics diminishing the mass of quantum proton below the critical mass.
Tuning spin polarization and spin transport of zigzag graphene nanoribbons by line defects
Authors: Tang G. P. , Zhang Z. H. , Deng X. Q. , Fan Z. Q. , Zhu H. L.
Published: October 2014

The spin-dependent electronic properties of zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons with a line defect are investigated systematically and compared to those of the pristine ZGNR.
Local photo-oxidation of individual single walled carbon nanotubes probed by femtosecond four wave mixing imaging
Authors: Aumanen Jukka , Johansson Andreas , Herranen Olli , Myllyperkiö Pasi , Pettersson Mika
Published: October 2014

Non-linear photo-oxidation of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is induced by femtosecond laser pulses and imaged by four wave mixing microscopy. Oxidation is localized on an individual SWCNT within optical resolution.
Spectroscopic and photophysical study of the demetallation of a zinc porphyrin and the aggregation of its free base in a tetraalkylphosphonium ionic liquid
Authors: Giri Neeraj K. , Banerjee Abhinandan , Scott Robert W. J. , Paige Matthew F. , Steer Ronald P.
Published: October 2014

Dissolving zinc tetraphenylporphyrin in the tetraalkylphosphonium chloride ionic liquid P4448Cl results in progressive demetallation of the solute and quantitative production of the free base porphyrin.
Influence of magnetic field on the orientation of anisotropic magnetic particles at liquid interfaces
Authors: Newton Bethany J. , Brakke Kenneth A. , Buzza D. Martin A.
Published: October 2014

High accuracy Surface Evolver calculations of the orientational transition for anisotropic magnetic particles at liquid interfaces.
Studies on the promoting effect of sulfate species in catalytic dehydrogenation of propane over Fe2O3/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Sun Yanan , Wu Yimin , Shan Honghong , Wang Guowei , Li Chunyi
Published: October 2014

The nature of the effect of sulfate species on properties and dehydrogenation performance of Fe2O3/Al2O3 catalysts was systematically studied.
Displacement assay detection by a dimeric lanthanide luminescent ternary Tb(iii)–cyclen complex: high selectivity for phosphate and nitrate anions
Authors: Caffrey David F. , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur
Published: October 2014

The luminescent dimeric ternary lanthanide–cyclen complexes (2-(Ln.1)2; Ln = Tb/Eu) were designed and both their self-assembly formation and their ability to detect anions via a displacement assays were investigated using spectrophotometric titrations in MeOH solution.
NaTiO2: a layered anode material for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wu Di , Li Xin , Xu Bo , Twu Nancy , Liu Lei , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: October 2014

We report on layered NaTiO2as a potential anode material for Na-ion batteries.
Microfluidic system for high throughput characterisation of echogenic particles
Authors: Rademeyer Paul , Carugo Dario , Lee Jeong Yu , Stride Eleanor
Published: October 2014

We present the design and performance of a microfluidic based system, capable of accurately measuring the response of echogenic micro/nano particles to ultrasound excitation.
Spin crossover and high spin electroneutral mononuclear iron(iii) Schiff base complexes involving terminal pseudohalido ligands
Authors: Masárová Petra , Zoufalý Pavel , Moncol Ján , Nemec Ivan , Pavlik Ján , Gembický Milan , Trávníček Zdeněk , Boča Roman , Šalitroš Ivan
Published: October 2014

Six new Schiff-base complexes (1–6) with pseudohalido terminal ligands exhibits spin crossover or high spin state behaviour.
Preparation of asymmetrical polyynes by a solid-supported Glaser–Hay reaction
Authors: Lampkowski Jessica S. , Durham Corinn E. , Padilla Marshall S. , Young Douglas D.
Published: October 2014

A novel approach to the synthesis of asymmetrical polyynes utilizing solid-supported chemistry.
Interfacial complexation behavior of anionic and cationic cellulose derivatives
Authors: Shibraen Mahmoud H. M. A. , Wang Chunyan , Yagoub Hajo , Yuan Qian , Yang Shuguang , Xu Jian
Published: October 2014

Study effect of pH values, ionic strength and temperature on assembly behavior of quaternized cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose.
Electrogenerated base-promoted synthesis of 5-aryl-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-triones by multicomponent assembly of barbituric acid, aldehydes and Meldrum's acid at room temperature
Authors: Veisi Hojat , Maleki Abbas , Omrani Zahra , Lotfi Shahram
Published: October 2014

An electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7-triones via a one-pot, three component condensation is described.
Nanorod-like α-Bi2O3: a highly active photocatalyst synthesized using g-C3N4 as a template
Authors: Jiang Hai-Ying , Liu Guigao , Li Peng , Hao Dong , Meng Xianguang , Wang Tao , Lin Jun , Ye Jinhua
Published: October 2014

The nanorod-like α-Bi2O3 have been synthesized from the microrod-like α-Bi2O3 using g-C3N4 as a template.
Electrospun acid–base pair solid dispersions of quercetin
Authors: Yan Jie , Wu Yong-Hui , Yu Deng-Guang , Williams Gareth R. , Huang Shang-Meng , Tao Wen , Sun Jun-Yi
Published: October 2014

An electrospun acid–base pair solid dispersion in the form of core–shell nanofibers was developed for improving the dissolution of quercetin.
Surface charge modification for improvement of photocatalytic H2 production over a La2Ti2O7/graphene nanocomposite
Authors: Hu Sujuan , Chi Bo , Pu Jian , Jian Li
Published: October 2014

A La2Ti2O7/graphene nanocomposite with intimate interfacial contact shows an enhanced photocatalytic H2 production rate and enhanced photo-electrochemical activity.
Synthesis of hierarchical Bi2O3/Bi4Ti3O12 p–n junction nanoribbons on carbon fibers from (001) facet dominated TiO2 nanosheets
Authors: Weng Baicheng , Xu Fenghua , Xu Jianguang
Published: October 2014

A novel hierarchical photocatalyst of Bi2O3/Bi4Ti3O12 p–n junction nanoribbons (NRs) on carbon fibers has been successfully fabricated from the precursor of (001) facet dominated TiO2 nanosheets (NSs), which provide well-shaped templates.
Unusual electrochemical behaviour of AuBr4− in ionic liquids. Towards a simple recovery of gold(iii) after extraction into an ionic liquid
Authors: Papaiconomou Nicolas , Glandut Nicolas , Billard Isabelle , Chainet Eric
Published: October 2014

The electrochemistry of AuBr4− complexes extracted into ionic liquids [C8PYR][NTf2] or [C8MIM][NTf2] saturated with water and gas has been studied by cyclic voltammetry on a glassy carbon macro electrode and by linear voltammetry on a platinum microelectrode.
Effect of YOYO-1 on the mechanical properties of DNA
Authors: Kundukad Binu , Yan Jie , Doyle Patrick S.
Published: October 2014

Atomic force microscopy studies show that binding of YOYO-1 to DNA increases the contour length of DNA without affecting the persistence length due to the underwinding of DNA.
In situ formed carbon bonded and encapsulated selenium composites for Li–Se and Na–Se batteries
Authors: Luo Chao , Wang Jingjing , Suo Liumin , Mao Jianfeng , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: October 2014

Carbon bonded and encapsulated selenium composites were synthesized in a sealed vacuum glass tube at a high temperature. Because selenium is bonded and encapsulated by carbon, the shuttle reaction of selenium was effectively suppressed. The C/Se composites exhibit a superior cycling stability and rate capability in commercial carbonate based electrolytes.
Biocompatible long-circulating star carboxybetaine polymers
Authors: Lin Weifeng , Ma Guanglong , Ji Fangqin , Zhang Juan , Wang Longgang , Sun Haotian , Chen Shengfu
Published: October 2014

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is considered to be the most effective material to prolong the circulation time of nanoparticles by reducing non-specific protein adsorption in blood.
Fabrication of a novel partially dissolving polymer microneedle patch for transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Lee I.-Chi , He Jheng-Siou , Tsai Meng-Tsan , Lin Kai-Che
Published: October 2014

Polymeric MN patches were fabricated by an easy process with O2 plasma treatment, and efficient, sustained transdermal delivery was achieved.
Study on the molecular distribution of organic composite films by combining photoemission spectroscopy with argon gas cluster ion beam sputtering
Authors: Yun Dong-Jin , Chung JaeGwan , Kim Seong Heon , Kim Yongsu , Seol Minsu , Chung Jongwon , Park Sung-Hoon
Published: October 2014

In situ molecular distribution analysis based on photoemission spectroscopy combined with Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering process.
Facile synthesis of oxygen and sulfur co-doped graphitic carbon nitride fluorescent quantum dots and their application for mercury(ii) detection and bioimaging
Authors: Lu Ya-Chun , Chen Jia , Wang Ai-Jun , Bao Ning , Feng Jiu-Ju , Wang Weiping , Shao Linxiang
Published: October 2014

We developed a facile one-step route for the synthesis of blue fluorescent OS-GCNQDs, which exhibited improved selectivity and sensitivity for Hg2+ detection, and lower cytotoxicity for cell imaging.
Non-aqueous sol–gel synthesis of hybrid rare-earth-doped γ-Ga2O3nanoparticles with multiple organic–inorganic-ionic light-emission features
Authors: Lorenzi Roberto , Paleari Alberto , Golubev Nikita V. , Ignat'eva Elena S. , Sigaev Vladimir N. , Niederberger Markus , Lauria Alessandro
Published: October 2014

Pure and Eu-doped γ-Ga2O3nanopowders with an organic capping layer were obtained by a benzyl alcohol route. Photoluminescence experiments allowed assigning the strong blue light emission to an aromatic ketone derivative.
Game model for switch migrations in software‐defined network
Authors: Cheng Guozhen , Chen Hongchang
Published: October 2014

Several reported studies have focussed particular interest on the elastic control via OpenFlow (OF) switch migrations in software‐defined networks to avoid uneven load distributions among controllers. However, it is not clear which switch should be migrated and where it will be moved. A paradigm that the heavy controller tries to migrate its switches, and other light controllers compete for the migrated switches, is designed. Then, taking light controllers as the game players and OF switches as commodities, a zero‐sum game model is exploited, to emulate the competitions for migrated switches among light controllers. This model first chooses a switch for migration by a heavy controller (called the game sponsor) which invites its light neighbours as game players to formulate the local game domain (GD). Secondly, the process of game‐play in one GD is designed based on the constraints of the zero‐sum game. Note that several non‐overlapped GDs could co‐exist over the network so that the game‐plays could be calculated in the concurrent way. The results are corroborated by several numerical experiments.
High‐rate relay beamforming for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer
Authors: Li Guobing , Ren Pinyi , Lv Gangming , Du Qinghe
Published: October 2014

A high‐rate beamforming design is reported for amplify‐and‐forward wireless relay networks with simultaneous information and power transfer. To achieve high sum rate, a new relay beamformer is designed to support multi‐pair source–destination communication links as well as an energy receiver simultaneously, instead of serving one information transmitter at a time. An energy‐harvesting constrained sum‐rate maximisation problem for this design is formulated, then relaxed and reformulated into a series of convex problems, which can be iteratively solved in polynomial time, eventually leading to a high‐rate beamforming solution. Simulation results confirm the performance gain and fast convergence of the developed beamforming design.
Simplified fault‐tolerant FIR filter architecture based on redundant residue number system
Authors: Luan Zhibin , Chen Xiang , Ge Ning , Wang Zhaocheng
Published: October 2014

A low‐cost fault‐tolerant finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented to save logic resources. Based on the redundant residue number system (RRNS), it eliminates soft errors generated by single event upset (SEU) in space applications, which requires only one three‐moduli set residue to binary converter based on the Chinese remainder theorem. When a soft error happens, only one small‐sized first‐in–first‐out and rollback operations are needed to refresh the FIR filter corrupted by SEU. Theoretical analysis and fault injections are performed to validate that there is no fault missing event. In addition, the proposed scheme can save 21% cell area compared with the conventional RRNS method.
Adaptive control for attitude synchronisation of spacecraft formation via extended state observer
Authors: Yang Hongjiu , You Xiu , Xia Yuanqing , Li Hongbo
Published: October 2014

This study studies the problem of synchronisation control for spacecraft formation via extended state observer approach over directed communication topology. The attitude kinematics and dynamics of spacecraft are described by Lagrangian formulations, and the decentralised controller is designed with time‐varying external disturbances and unmeasurable velocity information. In particular, the estimation of disturbances obtained via extended state observer is used for the decentralised controller design. A novel Lyapunov function is proposed to show that both static regulation and dynamic synchronisation are realised. Finally, simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controllers proposed in this study.
Distributed reduced‐order observer‐based approach to consensus problems for linear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Gao Lixin , Xu Bingbing , Li Junwei , Zhang Hui
Published: October 2014

In this study, the authors probe the multi‐agent consensus problem with general linear dynamics via the distributed reduced‐order observer‐based protocols under directed switching topology. A new type reduced‐order observer is adopted to modify the existed consensus protocols. Based on graph theory, Riccati equation and Lyapunov method, a multi‐step algorithm is provided to design the gain matrices involved in the used protocols. The consensus stability problem is investigated by use of the piecewise Lyapunov functions incorporated with an average dwell time approach. It is shown that if the average dwell time is chosen sufficiently large and all directed switching topologies have a directed spanning tree, then the multi‐agent system can achieve consensus via the author's modified protocols. Furthermore, as the special cases, the consensus conditions under fixed topology and balanced switching topology are obtained easily. To obtain a desired consensus decay rate, the related gain matrix design approach is provided. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of their obtained results.
Autonomous coordinated control of a platoon of vehicles with multiple disturbances
Authors: Liu Yonggui , Gao Huanli , Xu Bugong , Liu Guiyun , Cheng Hui
Published: October 2014

This study studies coordinated control of a platoon of vehicles consisting of a leader and multiple followers when multiple vehicles suffer from disturbances. Small disturbances acting on one vehicle may cause large spacing errors between intervehicles. In addition, the spacing errors propagate up or down in a vehicle platoon. To mitigate the adverse effect of the disturbances, a control law is proposed based on only the position information of the vehicle itself and its preceding vehicle. To analyse the disturbances propagation among the platoon, the upper bounds of two transfer functions are presented including the transfer function matrix 𝒢de from external disturbances to spacing errors as well as the transfer function matrix 𝒢ue from a leader's input control to spacing errors. Furthermore, an alternative control law is proposed when the velocity of the leader is known by the followers. In this case, two tighter upper bounds of 𝒢l de and 𝒢l ue are presented. The derived upper bounds of the transfer functions are independent of the number of vehicles in the platoon. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Water transport through functionalized nanotubes with tunable hydrophobicity
Authors: Moskowitz Ian , Snyder Mark A. , Mittal Jeetain
Published: October 2014

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the occupancy and flow of water through nanotubes comprised of hydrophobic and hydrophilic atoms, which are arranged on a honeycomb lattice to mimic functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We consider single-file motion of TIP3P water through narrow channels of (6,6) CNTs with varying fractions (f) of hydrophilic atoms. Various arrangements of hydrophilic atoms are used to create heterogeneous nanotubes with separate hydrophobic/hydrophilic domains along the tube as well as random mixtures of the two types of atoms. The water occupancy inside the nanotube channel is found to vary nonlinearly as a function of f, and a small fraction of hydrophilic atoms (f ≈ 0.4) are sufficient to induce spontaneous and continuous filling of the nanotube. Interestingly, the average number of water molecules inside the channel and water flux through the nanotube are less sensitive to the specific arrangement of hydrophilic atoms than to the fraction, f. Two different regimes are observed for the water flux dependence on f – an approximately linear increase in flux as a function of f for f < 0.4, and almost no change in flux for higher f values, similar to the change in water occupancy. We are able to define an effective interaction strength between nanotube atoms and water's oxygen, based on a linear combination of interaction strengths between hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanotube atoms and water, that can quantitatively capture the observed behavior.
Competition between slip and twinning in face-centered cubic metals
Authors: Cai T. , Zhang Z. J. , Zhang P. , Yang J. B. , Zhang Z. F.
Published: October 2014

A criterion is proposed to predict the transition from slip to twinning in the face-centered cubic (FCC) metals within the framework of the generalized stacking fault energy (GSFE) curves, which are calculated by using the full potential linearly augmented plane wave method incorporating local orbital based on density functional theory. The criterion is a function of the stacking fault energy, unstable stacking fault energy, and unstable twinning fault energy, which are obtained from the GSFE curves. Based on the competition between slip and twinning, a new parameter is proposed to rank the sequence of the twinnability for ten typical FCC metals. The ranking results are in good agreement with the experimental data available. Compared with the previous studies of heterogeneous nucleation of twin, it is found that the heterogeneous nucleation sites of twinning such as crack tip and grain boundary do not change the ranking sequence. It is suggested that the GSFE curve may be regarded as the dominant factor determining the twinnability of FCC metals.
Enhanced field emission from lanthanum hexaboride coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes: Correlation with physical properties
Authors: Patra Rajkumar , Ghosh S. , Sheremet E. , Jha Menaka , Rodriguez R. D. , Lehmann D. , Ganguli A. K. , Schmidt H. , Schulze S. , Hietschold M. , Zahn D. R. T. , Schmidt O. G.
Published: October 2014

Detailed results from field emission studies of lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) coated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) films, pristine LaB6 films, and pristine MWCNT films are reported. The films have been synthesized by a combination of chemical and physical deposition processes. An impressive increase in field enhancement factor and temporal stability as well as a reduction in turn-on field and threshold field are observed in LaB6-coated MWCNTs compared to pristine MWCNT and pristine LaB6 films. Surface morphology of the films has been examined by scanning electron microscopy. Introduction of LaB6 nanoparticles on the outer walls of CNTs LaB6-coated MWCNTs films is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The presence of LaB6 was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results and further validated by the Raman spectra. Raman spectroscopy also shows 67% increase in defect concentration in MWCNTs upon coating with LaB6 and an upshift in the 2D band that could be attributed to p-type doping. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal a reduction in the work function of LaB6-coated MWCNT with respect to its pristine counterpart. The enhanced field emission properties in LaB6-coated MWCNT films are correlated with a change in microstructure and work function.
Coupling coefficients for tensor product representations of quantum SU(2)
Authors: Groenevelt Wolter
Published: October 2014

We study tensor products of infinite dimensional irreducible *-representations (not corepresentations) of the SU(2) quantum group. We obtain (generalized) eigenvectors of certain self-adjoint elements using spectral analysis of Jacobi operators associated to well-known q-hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. We also compute coupling coefficients between different eigenvectors corresponding to the same eigenvalue. Since the continuous spectrum has multiplicity two, the corresponding coupling coefficients can be considered as 2 × 2-matrix-valued orthogonal functions. We compute explicitly the matrix elements of these functions. The coupling coefficients can be considered as q-analogs of Bessel functions. As a results we obtain several q-integral identities involving q-hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials and q-Bessel-type functions.
Influence of boundary slip on the dynamics and stability of thermocapillary spreading with a significant gravitational counterflow
Authors: Tiwari Naveen , Davis Jeffrey M.
Published: October 2014

Applied temperature gradients produce thermocapillary stresses that can force liquid films to spread along solid surfaces. These films are susceptible to a rivulet instability at the advancing solid-liquid-vapor contact line, which is linked to the development of a capillary ridge near the advancing front. The application of a sufficiently strong gravitational counterflow has been shown to drain fluid from the ridge and stabilize the film against rivulet formation and lead to interesting spreading dynamics. In this work, the dynamics and stability of thermocapillary driven films are analyzed for the entire range of drainage. Boundary slip is allowed at the solid-liquid interface, which introduces the static contact angle and slip coefficient as parameters that can typically be specified independently. The contact angle of the spreading film is allowed to depend on the velocity of the contact line, and the effects of this dependence on the film profile, linear stability, and transient response of perturbations are examined. Increasing the influence of gravitational drainage relative to the thermocapillary stress from zero has a stabilizing influence on the traveling wave solutions but is accompanied by an increase in the amplitude of the capillary ridge, which is contrary to stability results for spreading films with only one driving force. Results for the different spreading regimes are generally consistent with predictions based on the more extensively used precursor film model of the contact line, although some differences are observed due to the additional parameters in the slip model that are relevant to partially wetting fluids.
Relativistic theory of nuclear spin-rotation tensor with kinetically balanced rotational London orbitals
Authors: Xiao Yunlong , Zhang Yong , Liu Wenjian
Published: October 2014

Both kinetically balanced (KB) and kinetically unbalanced (KU) rotational London orbitals (RLO) are proposed to resolve the slow basis set convergence in relativistic calculations of nuclear spin-rotation (NSR) coupling tensors of molecules containing heavy elements [Y. Xiao and W. Liu, J. Chem. Phys. 138, 134104 (2013)]. While they perform rather similarly, the KB-RLO Ansatz is clearly preferred as it ensures the correct nonrelativistic limit even with a finite basis. Moreover, it gives rise to the same “direct relativistic mapping” between nuclear magnetic resonance shielding and NSR coupling tensors as that without using the London orbitals [Y. Xiao, Y. Zhang, and W. Liu, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 600 (2014)].
Basin constrained κ-dimer method for saddle point finding
Authors: Xiao Penghao , Wu Qiliang , Henkelman Graeme
Published: October 2014

Within the harmonic approximation to transition state theory, the rate of escape from a reactant is calculated from local information at saddle points on the boundary of the state. The dimer minimum-mode following method can be used to find such saddle points. But as we show, dimer searches that are initiated from a reactant state of interest can converge to saddles that are not on the boundary of the reactant state. These disconnected saddles are not directly useful for calculating the escape rate. Additionally, the ratio of disconnected saddles can be large, especially when the dimer searches are initiated far from the reactant minimum. The reason that the method finds disconnected saddles is a result of the fact that the dimer method tracks local ridges, defined as the set of points where the force is perpendicular to the negative curvature mode, and not the true ridge, defined as the boundary of the set of points which minimize to the reactant. The local ridges tend to deviate from the true ridge away from saddle points. Furthermore, the local ridge can be discontinuous and have holes which allow the dimer to cross the true ridge and escape the initial state. To solve this problem, we employ an alternative definition of a local ridge based upon the minimum directional curvature of the isopotential hyperplane, κ, which provides additional local information to tune the dimer dynamics. We find that hyperplanes of κ = 0 pass through all saddle points but rarely intersect with the true ridge elsewhere. By restraining the dimer within the κ < 0 region, the probability of converging to disconnected saddles is significantly reduced and the efficiency of finding connected saddles is increased.
In-situ investigation of thermal instabilities and solid state dewetting in polycrystalline platinum thin films via confocal laser microscopy
Authors: Jahangir S. , Cheng Xuan , Huang H. H. , Ihlefeld J. , Nagarajan V.
Published: October 2014

Solid state dewetting and the subsequent morphological changes for platinum thin films grown on zinc oxide (ZnO) buffered (001) silicon substrates (Pt/ZnO/SiO2/(001)Si system) is investigated under vacuum conditions via a custom-designed confocal laser microscope coupled with a laser heating system. Live imaging of thin film dewetting under a range of heating and quenching vacuum ambients reveals events including hillock formation, hole formation, and hole growth that lead to formation of a network of Pt ligaments, break up of Pt ligaments to individual islands and subsequent Pt islands shape reformation, in chronological fashion. These findings are corroborated by ex-situ materials characterization and quantitative electron microscopy analysis. A secondary hole formation via blistering before film rupture is revealed to be the critical stage, after which a rapid dewetting catastrophe occurs. This process is instantaneous and cannot be captured by ex-situ methods. Finally, an intermetallic phase forms at 900 °C and alters the morphology of Pt islands, suggesting a practical limit to the thermal environments that may be used for these platinized silicon wafers in vacuum conditions.