bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantity of Coliform Bacteria as Bioindicator of Water Pollution (Case Study: Several Tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency, Central Java)
Authors: Rahayu Nur Laila , Hendarto Eko , Sulistiyawati Indah , Agustiani Rina Dwi
Published: January 2021

The city of Purwokerto is crossed by several large rivers, this research examines several tributaries of a large river. Some tributaries that pass through the city of Purwokerto are the Raden River, the Caban River, the Jurig River and the Luhur River. Tributaries have the potential to influence water quality. This study aimed to analyze the quantity of coliform bacteria as an indicator of water pollution in several tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency. Microbiological tests were carried out by calculating the total coliform quantity and fecal coliform using the Most Probable Number (MPN) test. Total coliform and fecal coliform can be used as a reference indicator of water quality in the presence of water pollution. The laboratory test results for the quantity of coliform bacteria showed in several tributaries in Purwokerto City, Banyumas Regency, very high in total coliform or fecal coliform, exceeding the water quality standard.
Analisis Kandungan N, P, K, Porositas Media Pembibitan dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Sengon Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen
Authors: Santosa Slamet , Umar Muhammad Ruslan , Amir Nur Jannah
Published: January 2021

Media pembibitan merupakan faktor eksternal yang juga menentukan pertumbuhan bibit tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kandungan N,P, K, porosita,s dan pertumbuhan bibit sengon Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen pada 5 macam media pembibitan. Media pembibitan dibuat dari tanah ultisol dicampur sekam padi atau serbuk gergaji dengan takaran berbeda lalu diinkubasi selama 30 hari. Hasil analisis kandungan N total  media M1 yaitu 0.18% (kategori rendah); media M2, M3, M4 dan M5, berkisar antara 0.20-0.50% (kategori sedang). Kandungan P media M1 yaitu 13.98 mg/kg  (kategori rendah); media M2, M3, M4 dan M5,  berkisar antara 26-35 mg/kg (kategori tinggi).  Kandungan K semua media berkisar antara 9.68-18.63 me/100g (kategori tinggi).  Porositas media M1= 52%; M2=66%; M3 = 84%; M4 = 75% dan M5 =71%.  Hasil analisis pertumbuhan bibit sengon P. falcataria (L) Nielsen pada 5 media pembibitan yaitu: tinggi = 12.3-17.5 cm; diameter batang = 0.65-0.85 cm; jumlah daun = 110–140 helai dan panjang akar = 9.0–14.3 cm. Media pembibitan M3 berbahan tanah ultisol 50% dan sekam padi 50% menghasilkan kandungan N sedang, kandungan P dan K tinggi, porositas tertinggi, dan menghasilkan  pertumbuhan bibit sengon P. falcataria (L) Nielsen terbaik.
Status Kepunahan dan Upaya Konservasi Jenis-jenis Ikan Chondrichtyes yang Teridentifikasi di TPI Tegalsari, Kota Tegal
Authors: Setiati Ning , Indriyanti Dyah Rini , Partaya Partaya
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji status kepunahan jenis ikan hiu dan ikan pari yang diperdagangkan di TPI Tegalsari Kota Tegal. Metode penelitian ialah metode deskriptif eksploratif, Metode tersebebut dilakukan dengan identifikasi sampel yang diperoleh selama dua bulan di TPI  Tegalsari Kota Tegal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh 10 jenis ikan Chondrichthyes, yang terdiri dari 2 ordo. Pertama ialah ordo Lamniformes yang meliputi species (status kepunahan) Sphyrna lewini  (EN), Carcharinusfalciformes (LC), Carcharinusplumbeus (NT), dan Chiloschyliumpunctatum (NT). Ordo kedua ialah Rajiformes yang meliputi Gymnuramicrura (DD), Himanturauarnak (VU), Dasyatisannotatus (NT), Dasyatissephen (NT), Dasyatiskuhlii (DD), dan Aetobatisnarinari (NT). Kesimpulan penelitian ini ialah 10 jenis ikan Chondricthyes yang terancam punah berada dalam status kepunahan. Upaya konservasi yang dapat dilakukan ialah penerapan eputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 18/Kepmen-Kp/2013 tentang penetapan status pelindungan penuh dan mengatur pelindungan ikan hiu dan ikan pari sebagai respons daftar Appendix II dalam CITES. Tahapannya KKP mengecek dua kali muatan container dan  menerapkan tes DNA hiu sebelum diekspor.
Produksi Bioetanol Pati Umbi Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Inokulum dan Waktu Fermentasi Zymomonas mobilis
Authors: Febriani Yunisha , Sidharta Boy Rahardjo , Pranata Fransiskus Sinung
Published: January 2021

Bioetanol dapat diproduksi dari hasil fermentasi bahan baku yang mengandung karbohidrat. Umbi talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) memiliki karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi yakni 23,7% sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penghasil bioetanol. Zymomonas mobilis merupakan mikrobia yang dapat mengubah glukosa menjadi etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi inokulum dan waktu fermentasi yang paling optimal untuk menghasilkan bioetanol dari pati umbi talas. Umbi talas dipotong, dikeringkan dan dihancurkan lalu diayak sampai berbentuk tepung. Tepung talas dihidrolisis dengan larutan HCl (1, 3, dan 5 %) lalu diuji kadar gula reduksinya dengan metode Nelson-Somogyi. Tahap fermentasi dilakukan sesuai rancangan percobaan yakni 0, 2, 4, 6 dan 8 hari serta menggunakan konsentrasi inokulum 0, 5, 10, dan 15 %. Hasil fermentasi berupa etanol diukur konsentrasinya menggunakan kromatografi gas. Kadar gula reduksi menunjukkan kadar gula tertinggi ada pada konsentrasi HCl 5 %. Kadar bioetanol sebesar 0,07 % diperoleh pada waktu fermentasi optimal yaitu hari ke-8 dan konsentrasi inokulum paling optimal sebesar 10 %.
Pengetahuan dan Sikap Masyarakat di Kecamatan Seram Utara Barat, Provinsi Maluku, Terhadap Keberadaan Burung Gosong
Authors: Tagueha Astri Dwyanti , Liur Isye Jean
Published: January 2021

Kemampuan burung gosong sebagai satwa yang mampu menghasilkan telur dengan ukuran diatas rata-rata dan ditetaskan oleh alam telah menjadi pemicu adanya eksploitasi tidak terkendali oleh manusia. Keadaan tersebut disebabkan adanya perbedaan cara pandang di tengah masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat di Kecamatan Seram Utara Barat terhadap keberadaan burung gosong. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 2 tahap, yaitu Juli 2017 dan Agustus 2018 di dua desa utama (Labuan dan Pasanea) dan disertai observasi lokasi bertelur di beberapa gugusan pulau setempat (Pulau Tujuh). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan para pengumpul telur memiliki pengetahuan yang lebih lengkap tentang karateristik burung gosong dibandingkan masyarakat biasa. Pengetahuan tersebut kemudian dimanifestasikan dalam beberapa sikap konservasi untuk melindungi habitat dan populasi burung gosong, yaitu penggalian telur secara manual, rekonstruksi sarang bertelur, pelepasan anak burung, evaluasi kondisi telur, dan reinkubasi telur bertunas. Sikap tersebut belum mampu mengendalikan tingkat eksploitasi diantara masyarakat sehingga penting untuk dirumuskan program konservasi dan aturan hukum setempat yang sifatnya mengikat.
Teaching International English Language Testing System (IELTS) Academic Writing and Exam Strategies Online to Develop Omani Students’ Writing Proficiency
Authors: Narayanan Radhika , Mathew Priya
Published: January 2021

The restrictions imposed by the COVID 19 pandemic have forced educators and students worldwide to adapt to online learning. Language teaching in L2 contexts also had to shift to the online mode without compromising the quality of teaching and learning. This paper examines the perceptions as well as the performance of the participants involved in the online International English Language Testing System (IELTS) course offered by Middle East College, Muscat, Oman via MS Teams, an online teaching platform. Most IELTS courses offered online focus on the improvement of exam techniques; however, the developers of this course designed a syllabus based on a needs analysis to cater to the specific needs of the candidates, which would not only improve their test-taking strategies but also develop their writing skills. Adopting the Test, Teach, Re-test method, a diagnostic test was conducted initially, followed by teaching interventions and post-tests. Interviews with teachers, feedback from students, a comparison of diagnostic test scores with exit level scores, and the use of corpus linguistic methods to examine lexicogrammatical features were carried out to determine the effectiveness of the online course. The results indicated that those students who were not motivated performed poorly, whereas the high achievers were those who engaged in self-study and were, to some extent, autonomous learners. This paper contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness of short-term online language classes for Omani learners as well as provides some recommendations for improving the design and delivery of such courses.
The Effectiveness of Teacher Electronic Feedback in Asynchronous Teaching: A Case Study of Foundation Students at Sultan Qaboos University
Authors: Monther Al Damen Tareq
Published: January 2021

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, educational systems worldwide, including Oman, were affected as this led to temporary closures of schools, colleges, and universities. In response to such closures, many countries decided to continue offering education through distance learning. Similarly, Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), the only government university in Oman, opted for asynchronous teaching through Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT). Through ERT, there is a temporary shift in instructional delivery. Its primary aim is to provide temporary access to instruction and support materials quickly and reliably during the crisis. Asynchronous teaching provides students with flexibility to access the materials posted by teachers whenever they can, leaving teachers with many challenges. One of these challenges is the ability to offer proper feedback to students. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the perceptions of both teachers and students on the electronic feedback provided in ERT. A total of 8 teachers 80 students enrolled in the foundation program at SQU participated in the study. The responses of both teachers and students were collected through online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The findings of the study indicate that some feedback methods seemed to be more effective. The study also identified the challenges faced by both students and teachers in terms of electronic feedback. Furthermore, the study gives suggestions to improve electronic feedback methods.
Language Reading and Its Implications on Learners’ Pronunciation: a Case Study of a Pakistani school in Oman
Authors: Mesti Saadia
Published: January 2021

Pakistani schools in Sultanate of Oman use the whole word approach in the practices of English language reading instructions and lack phonetics’ knowledge of. Regardless, whether the approach is practical or not, teaching reading skills through these practices at an early age is questionable. This paper will focus on observation and evaluation as research tools, and will concentrate on a phonetics and a phonological analysis of a first -grade learner as a case study. The learner’s reading of a text is compared with the reading of a native speaker. The focus of the paper is on two main characteristics of pronunciation; segmental and super-segmental. The analysis demonstrates a significant variation in speech sounds of the learner. The training opportunities in spoken language and reading skills for the teachers may fix the problem.
The Effect of Good Corporate Governance Towards Idiosyncratic Risk
Authors: Limantara Cintya Yuliana , Murhadi Werner R. , Wijaya Liliana Inggrit
Published: January 2021

This study aims to analyze the effect of good corporate governance towards idiosyncratic risk as a proxy with corporate governance variable as board size, independent director, women, firm size, firm performance, and firm age. The object of this study uses companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange and Philippine Stock Exchange using agency theory. This study uses quantitative approach and multiple linear regression to analyze the data. The target populations of this study are manufacturing companies that listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and Philippine Stock Exchange in 2014-2018 which are equal to 615 and 200 year observations. The results in Indonesia showed that board size, women, and firm age had negatif effect on idiosyncratic risk. On the other hand, firm size do not show the effect on idiosyncratic risk and firm performance had positive effect on idiosyncratic risk. However, the results in Philippine showed that board size had positive effect on idiosyncratic risk. While, women and firm size do not show the effect on idiosyncratic risk but firm performance and firm age had negatif effect on idiosyncratic risk.
Improving Tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst Competitiveness: Does Tobacco Still at a Crossroads?
Authors: Wardhono Adhitya , Arifandi Josi Ali , Indrawati Yulia , Nasir M Abd. , Qori'ah Ciplis Gema
Published: January 2021

Tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst (BesNO) is a fancy product and becomes a leading export-oriented commodity, especially as a raw material for making cigar. The embarrassment of Besuki Na-Oogst is a plant which has location specifics. Every tobacco-producing region has distinctive qualities. Tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst (BesNO) quality is measured using standards that are easily implemented by all tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst business actors. The research objective is to determine the competitiveness of tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst as an export quality product. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and SWOT. The research took place in Jember Regency Indonesia. The results show that tobacco Besuki Na-Oogst's strategic potential is supported by supporting infrastructure capacity in testing tobacco quality, geographical potential and human resources in the face of competition and international policy. The strategy applied is to support aggressive growth policies through improving the quality of cultivation and capacity of standard infrastructure and the quality and quality of human resources in the face of international competitiveness.
HUBUNGAN PROSES PERKEMBANGAN PSIKOLOGIS REMAJA DENGAN TAWURAN ANTAR REMAJA
Authors: Rizqi Eko Putra Muhammad Daffa , Apsari Nurliana Cipta
Published: January 2021

Artikel ini membahas tentang hubungan antara proses perkembangan psikologis individu pada tahap remaja dengan kenakalan remaja khususnya tawuran. Kami juga membahas tentang latar belakang remaja melakukan tawuran dan pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah metodekualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kepustakaaan dengan menggunakan perspektif perkembangan manusia.Remaja merupakan individu berusia 13-21 tahun yang merupakan perlihan dari anak-anak menuju dewasa yang ditandai dengan pubertas. Pada tahapan ini menunjukkan bahwa proses perkembangan remaja terjadi perubahan baik secara fisik, mental, dan sosial. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses perkembangan individu pada tahap remaja berhubungan dengan perilaku tawuran antar remaja. Krisis identitas yang sedang mereka alami merupakan salah satu proses yang menyebabkan mereka masih mencari jawaban atas pertanyaan yang ada tentang masalahnya. Selain itu, kondisi emosional mereka yang belum stabil dan masih meledak-ledak juga faktor yang menyebabkan mereka melakukan tawuran antar pelajar.
STRATEGI PENGELOLAAN KONFLIK PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DARAT BUMN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19: STUDI KASUS PT KERETA API INDONESIA DALAM PENERAPAN PSBB JILID II
Authors: Audy Auliarani Putri , Irfan Maulana
Published: January 2021

Pembatasan sosial kembali dilakukan ketika laju pertumbuhan virus Corona atau Covid-19 dari hari-hari tidak menunjukkan perlambatan bahkan malah menunjukan percepatan. Dampak dari kurang efektifnya penangan tersebut memunculkan pandemi berkepanjangan yang berdampak luas pada kondisi ekonomi serta kondisi sosialmasyarakat di Indonesia. Kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) jilid dua ini berdampak pula bagi perusahaan transportasi yang kini harus siap menghadapi potensi penurunan jumlah penumpang secara drastis akibat pembatasan mobilisasi masyarakat. Salah satu yang terkena dampak kebijakan tersebut diantaranya adalahperusahaan transportasi, dalam kasus ini PT Kereta Api Indonesia (PT.KAI) penerapan bebas Covid-19 dengan mengharuskan melakukan Rapid Test Antigen bagi para calon penumpang yang akan menggunakan jasa kereta api, menjadi kebijakan yang harus dilakukan oleh PT. KAI. Peluang konflik dapat terjadi ketika masyarakat merasa berkeberatan jika persyaratan tersebut memberatkannya. Dengan menggunakan studi literature artikel ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengelolaan konflik yang dibahas melalui analisis konflik, yang diharapkan dapat memberikan strategi pengelolaan konfliknya. Hasilnya menunjukkan berbagai persoalan dihadapi oleh PT.KAI,beriku juga dengan berbagai alternatif solusi tergambarkan yang menjadi modal dalam menghindari konflik yang akan terjadi.
ANALISIS KONFLIK DISTRIBUSI BANTUAN SOSIAL COVID-19 DAN STRATEGI PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: A.F Khofiyya Fathimah , Nulhaqim Soni Akhmad
Published: January 2021

Kebijakan pemerintah dalam menangani pandemi Covid-19 sangat memepngaruhi perekonomian masyarakat, terutama semenjak diberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) dan lockdown di beberapa negara.Banyaknya masyarakat Indonesia yang bekerja di sektor informal, serta adanya PHK oleh sejumlah perusahaan kepada karyawannya, maysarakat yang tergolong ke dalam kelas menengah ke bawah banyak mengalami kehilangan penghasilan mereka. Karena hal tersebut, pemerintah bertanggung jawab untuk memfasilitasi kebutuhan pangan yang mereka selama dalam masa kebijakan PSBB yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah.Pemerintah memastikan bahwa setiap warganya tetap mendapatkan hak untuk hidup sekalipun dalam kondisi pandemi Covid-19. Distribusi bantuan sosial Covid-19 ternyata menimbulkan konflik ditengah masyarakat karena distribusi yang tidak tepat sasaran. Dalam memahami konflik tersebut, artikel ini mengkaji konflik distribusi bantuan sosial dengan menggunakan alat bantu pohon konflik dan strategi dalam mengelola konflik tersebut dengan memetakan jalan terbuka.
“Life as Suffering”: the Motive of Revenge in the Novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann “The Marquis de la Pivardière” and the Novel by J. Janin “The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman”
Authors: Ilchenko N. M. , Marinina Yu. A.
Published: January 2021

The motive of revenge is analyzed on the basis of the French topos, considered as a space of crime and punishment. It is noted that the novel by E. T. A. Hoffmann and the novel by J. Janin are united by attention to fate as a catastrophic concept inscribed in the picture of life in France. The relevance of the study is associated with the problems of the formation of national identity, national image by romantics of Germany and France. It is shown that the German romantic, who relied on fantasy as a means of understanding and cognizing life, became a model for J. Janin in the perception of “observed material”. Special attention is paid to the artistic embodiment of life as an “ugly abyss” in which the heroines of E. T. A. Hoffmann and J. Janin find themselves. The results of a comparative analysis of the novel, the action of which belongs to the second half of the 17th century are presented in the article. But the writer discusses the morals of the heroes from the point of view of the romantic canon, and the novel, the action of which is attributed to the end of the 20s of the 19th century. The novelty of the research is connected with the fact that the drama of human existence (female) is viewed as a result of the fragility of earthly existence, the loss of faith in the rationality of the universe. This approach made it possible to analyze the national forms of romanticism, the individual approach of Hoffmann and Janin to understanding the moral and the sinful.
Social Organization of the Mongolian Nomad Community in XXI Century: Role of Family Ties
Authors: Gombozhapov A. D.
Published: January 2021

The issues of kinship in the social self-organization of nomads are considered. The results of field studies in various regions of Mongolia, which unambiguously record the existence of informal family-related groups, united on the basis of, first of all, common economic and household interests are presented. The author notes the functions of the nomadic community: law enforcement, expressed in the collective protection of pasture lands and their joint ownership; cooperative, involving labor cooperation, mainly of a seasonal nature, and spiritual, associated both with the holding of common religious, festive and other events, and with the regulation of conflict relations within the nomadic community on the basis of traditional moral values. It is shown that contradictions in the legal issues of the use of pasture lands, on the one hand, and the temporality and relativity of the territorial settlement inherent in the nomadic way of life, on the other, contribute to the stable existence of the nomadic community. It is concluded that socio-legal regulation in the absence of effective public-state institutions is replaced by traditional ideas about property rights, the carriers of which are represented by family-related groups of nomads. It is emphasized that the role of kinship as a characteristic social resource is also manifested in migration processes in Mongolian society.
Orthodox Clergy and Right-Wing Political Movements in Russia at the Beginning of XX Century: Church Press
Authors: Ivanov A. A.
Published: January 2021

The question of the attitude of the Orthodox Russian clergy to the right-wing political parties at the beginning of the 20th century — the Black Hundreds (the Union of the Russian People, the Russian People’s Union named after Mikhail Archangel, etc.) and Russian nationalists (the All-Russian National Union and related organizations) is considered. The novelty of the research is seen in the introduction into scientific circulation of new sources (materials of the church press), which make it possible to make a number of significant clarifications in the existing ideas about the relationship between the Orthodox Church and right-wing political organizations. Particular attention is paid to the differences in the views of clergymen on the Black Hundred unions and political structures of Russian nationalists. The reasons for the cooperation of conservative Orthodox pastors with the Black Hundred unions and organizations of Russian nationalists and the circumstances that forced the clergy to show concern for the views and activities of right-wing parties are shown. It is argued that the secularization and Westernization of Russian nationalism, which led to the departure of its ideologists and followers from the foundations of the Orthodox doctrine and church worldview, became the main reasons for the wary attitude of church circles towards the political organizations of Russian nationalists.
Organization of Oral Dialogical Discourse: Feedback and Ways of Its Explication
Authors: Mikhaleva O. L. , Chekmez U. E.
Published: January 2021

The results of the study of feedback in the Russian oral dialogical discourse are presented in the article. The relevance of this study is due to several factors. First, the debatable issue is related to the qualification of fragments of oral discourse from the point of view of their relevance to the genre of monologue, dialogue, polylogue. Secondly, there is a number of theoretical problems arising from such qualifications, in particular, in the scientific description of feedback markers (based on the material of the Russian language), a rather large number of gaps are found. The definitions of the terms feedback and feedback markers are provided in the article. The authors note that it seems advisable to consider feedback markers in a somewhat expanded way, including in this group not only units used to express positive attention, but also units that can signal difficulties in perceiving the interlocutor’s utterance, as well as illocutionary forced units that are a reaction to the initial a replica of the interlocutor. Criteria for the inclusion of units functioning within the vocal modality in the group of feedback markers are proposed. A classification of feedback markers based on the ability of units to collapse the proposition contained in the statement of the interlocutor is proposed. The quantitative characteristics of the described subgroups are presented.
Counteraction to High Treason in Russian Legislation of the Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Makarov A. V. , Gusevskaya N. Yu. , Petrov A. S.
Published: January 2021

The problem of improving the criminal liability of the subjects of the Russian Empire at the end of the nineteenth century for espionage and spilling state secrets to a foreign state is considered. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of the problem under study for the effective functioning of the Russian state. The study is based on historical sources of a regulatory and legal nature and is interdisciplinary in nature. Particular attention is paid to the study of legal norms, the identification of the type and amount of punishments for the commission of espionage by Russian citizens and spilling the state secrets to a foreign state. It is indicated that in the second half of the 19th century, the intensity of intelligence of foreign secret services in the territory of the Russian Empire increased. It is noted that more and more often foreign powers involved Russian subjects in the process of obtaining Russian secrets. At the same time, the analysis of the sources made it possible to reveal a sufficient limitation of the institution of counteracting espionage and disclosure of state secrets to foreign states in the Russian Empire at the end of the 19th century. It is proved that it was precisely these phenomena at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries that determined the authorities’ desire to progressively improve legal mechanisms that counteract threats and challenges to national security.
Conferences of Minister Presidents of the German States in 1948—1949 and Their Political Significance
Authors: Popov I. D.
Published: January 2021

The activity and political significance of the conferences of the Minister Presidents of the German states during the years of the institutionalization of the Federal Republic of Germany (1948—1949) are considered. It is concluded that in the absence of a number of significant central authorities, it was the conferences of the heads of state governments that played a coordinating role to fill them up on the German side. It is noted that the Minister Presidents also served as a converging point between the allies, the regional elite, political parties and bizone authorities. It is shown that various formats of work of heads of state governments at the interzonal level allowed them to take part in the discussion of almost all key problems of the western zones of occupation. It is emphasized that the two-zone meetings of the Minister Presidents with the military governors and the three-zone conferences of the Minister Presidents themselves, which in fact became the main instruments for reaching political compromises, had a particular impact. It is pointed out that this was especially clearly manifested during the discussion of the “Frankfurt Documents”. It is concluded that, at the same time, the dependence on the military administrations of the allies, the party elite and bizone authorities at the same time did not allow these conferences to evolve into something more than a platform for building consensus, and thereby pursue a full-fledged independent policy.
Reading Opportunities in a Provincial Russian City during the First World War (Materials from the Volga Region)
Authors: Semenova E. Yu.
Published: January 2021

The article deals with the problem of resources for reading for the townspeople in the Volga city during the First World War. It is noted that the dealing with the problems, allows the researcher to identify the mechanisms that allowed society to adapt to the conditions of extreme reality. The provision of the Volga cities with libraries has been studied. The possibilities of reading in the provincial and district cities of the studied region are compared. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the development of a complex of public and private resources (libraries), available for leisure reading in the Volga city during the First World War, was revealed. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of analyzing the sociocultural practices of society as a compensatory mechanism, as well as a resource reflecting mass sentiment in extreme periods of state development. Comparison of provincial and county city libraries in terms of ownership, attendance, material security is carried out. The conclusion is made about the diversity of reading opportunities as a form of leisure for the Volga region residents during the First World War. The cities of the Volga region were identified, in which the resource of libraries was more diverse. It is shown that there were more libraries in the provincial towns than in the county ones; they had a different organizational basis and more complete funds.
Covid-19 Pandemic in Political Cartoons of the American Press: An Experience of Multimodal Analysis
Authors: Pozdnyakova E. M. , Blinova O. A.
Published: January 2021

An attempt is made to analyze the place of political cartoons in the current socio-political media discourse in the United States. The material was the cartoons published in the spring of 2020 from USA Today and Philadelphia Inquirer, the informational occasion for the creation of which was the Covid-19 pandemic. The definitions of political cartoons as a multimodal text with a complex coding system is considered in the article. It is noted that in this type of text, phenomenological cognitive structures are actualized both through linguistic projection and through visual-spatial images. Attention is paid to intertextuality as the basis of political cartoon: the authors proceed from the position that the decoding of meaning by the recipient depends on whether he and the author have common background knowledge. It is shown that the Covid-19 pandemic is thematically embedded in the broader socio-political agenda, whereby a successful interpretation requires the recipient to have background knowledge of the current socio-political challenges facing the United States, namely the domestic political agenda. It is stated that the studied cartoons are distinguished by their reliance on precedent, and the actualization of background knowledge occurs through a combination of the visual and verbal components of the text. It is concluded that among the linguistic means of creating a satirical effect, a play on words is distinguished based on the literal and figurative meaning of individual lexical units.
Textual Manifestation of the Phraseological Scheme “N1-6 + so + N1-6” in Publicistic and Artistic Discourses
Authors: Zolotareva L. A. , Okatova N. T.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to identifying the functional features of the phrase scheme “N1-6 + so + N1-6” in the texts of the journalistic and artistic styles of the Russian language. Structural, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of linguistic units of this structural type are considered. Various approaches to the description of phraseological schemes of the Russian language are commented, but the authors propose to consider the combination of structural-semantic and functional-communicative approaches as the main one for this study. It is noted that in the Russian language the studied phraseological scheme is presented in two homonymous variants, which have the meaning of the highest degree of manifestation of the feature and the meaning of consent / acceptance. Arguments for highlighting these options, which are confirmed by the difference in semantics, component composition and grammatical variability of each phraseological scheme, are given. The authors pay special attention to identifying the contextual meanings of this syntactic structure. Such types of meaning of consent and acceptance are considered, such as forced / uncontrolled, indifferent consent / acceptance, conscious / controlled, etc. The relevance of the study is due to the emergence of new facts of phraseologization of syntactic units in speech and the application of complex analysis to the phraseological units under consideration. The material was the texts of the National Corpus of the Russian language, as well as the authors’ card index.
IJMA’ SEBAGAI PENYATUAN PERBEDAAN AWAL BULAN QAMARIAH
Authors: Fadholi Ahmad
Published: January 2021

The teachings of Islam can be understood, because Islam brought by Prophet Muhammad pbuh. at 14 centuries ago, who was sent to convey Islamic teachings with the holy book, al-Qur’an as the principal teachings of Islam. While the second source is as-Sunnah. Both of them, al-Quran and as-Sunnah, are the principal source of Islamic teachings. Along with the times increasingly complex, the problems in people's lives are more and more undiscovered in these two sources. it is necessary for an ijtihad to finish its problems by way of ijma 'as a method of solving problems of religion. Ijma 'itself is an agreement of the mujtahid at some time after Prophet Muhammad on a syar'i law about a particular event. Events of the law faced by Muslims did’n stop by the death of the Prophet Muhammad pbuh. This problem, both in types and quality, is always developed according with evolution of time. Therefore, alternatives taken to determine the laws of any event are through ijtihad and make decisions together. That joint decision is called ijma ' and is the third argument agreed by sholars to be sources of law. Then by agreement as a third source of law, it have power in the Islamic legal system. The power of ijma' has been suggested by the Prophet in a hadith "La tajtami'u ummati' ala al-dhallah".
TINJAUAN YURIDIS SANKSI ADAT KAILI RAI TERHADAP PELAKU PELECEHAN SEKSUAL
Authors: Ansar Moh. , Hanafi Suhri , Nurkhaerah Sitti , Wahyuni Wahyuni , B. Taufan
Published: January 2021

The problem of how castration sanctions for perpetrators of crimes of sexual violence against children in the perspective of positive law in Indonesia and how Islamic criminal law views castration as a sanction are the focus of the problem in this study. The research method consists of the type of research, data and data sources, data collection techniques and data analysis techniques using a qualitative research approach. Then, as a result of the research, there are differences in Islamic law among scholars regarding the punishment of castration Law Number 17 of 2016 Regarding the stipulation of PERPU Number 1 of 2016 Second Amendment to Law Number 23 Year 2002 Concerning Child Protection Becomes Law against perpetrators of sexual crimes against children, and Islamic law has stipulated penalties for perpetrators of sexual crimes in detail of the facts of their actions, so they cannot (haram) carry out the type of castration punishment in accordance with the argument, namely the hadith of the Prophet Muhammad saw., which prohibits his companions from being castrated.
PANDANGAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP ADAT TOPO SALIA DI DESA MANINILI BARAT KECAMATAN TINOMBO SELATAN KABUPATEN PARIGI MOUTONG
Authors: Nizrah Nizrah , Nasaruddin Nasaruddin , Hamiyuddin Hamiyuddin
Published: January 2021

This research has a problem that how is the implementation of the topo salia custom in Desa Maninili Barat, Kecamatan Tinombo Selatan, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, and what is the view of Islamic law on the topo salia custom. The research method used is a qualitative method that describes field research. In the data collection technique, the writer used the method of observation and direct interviews with informants, namely the village head and several religious figures as well as documentation. Then, the results of the research found that first the topo salia custom is a ritual that is carried out in the month of Rabiul Awal to commemorate the birthday of the Prophet Muhammad. namely on the 12th of Rabiul Awal, this tradition was carried out with the aim of rejecting calamities and making their children live and cultured. Second, according to the view of traditional Islamic law, topo salia does not contradict Islamic law because it contains Islamic values, such as deliberation, mutual cooperation, strengthening friendship, and a form of gratitude to Allah swt.
Psychological and pedagogical aspects of personality in the pedagogical system of upbringing physical culture of students in the process of extracurricular sports-mass work of a higher educational institution
Authors: Abramov Dmitry
Published: January 2021

The article reveals the psychological and pedagogical aspects of personality in the pedagogical system of upbringing the physical culture of students in the process of out-of-class sports and mass work of a higher educational institution. The main components of the proposed concept of the system of physical culture education of students of higher educational institutions in the process of out-of-class sports work are considered.
Cognitive component diagnostics of the future primary school teachers readiness to design educational content
Authors: Bogush Tatyana
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the issue of training primary school teachers to design educational content. The cognitive component of the readiness formation and its criteria are described. The criterion-level characteristic of this component is presented, consisting of three levels: high, medium and primary. Diagnostics of the readiness cognitive component primary school teachers to design educational content is shown. Primary school teachers cognitive component diagnostics methods of the readiness to design educational content are demonstrated and its results are demonstrated. The procedure for applying the methods of questioning, testing, and activity products analysis for the diagnosis of the cognitive component is presented. It is concluded that it is necessary to organize purposeful work on the formation of this component in the training primary school teachers process in a pedagogical University.
BIREGIONAL COOPERATION FOR ADVANCING GAMIFICATION IN TRANSPORT POLICIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
Authors: DODI Ioana Antoaneta
Published: January 2021

The globalization process is constantly growing and actors in the international scene have to find ways to adapt to the changes that this makeover involves. Therefore, there has been an increased cooperation between the European Union and Latin America and the Caribbean in many policy areas, including transport, especially in terms of access, affordability and sustainability. The Vienna Declaration of the Fourth ALC-UE Summit of Heads of State and Government from 2006 mentions the encouragement towards European and Latin American and Caribbean financial institutions to support physical integration by means of interconnectivity, network infrastructures, notably in the fields of energy, transport, telecommunications and research. The Lima Declaration of the Fifth ALC-UE Summit of Heads of State and Government from 2008 moves a step forward and comprises the fact that the states from the two regions will develop bi-regional energy cooperation regarding improvement of energy services, inter alia, in the metropolitan public transport. Moreover, the Madrid Declaration of the Sixth ALC-UE Summit of Heads of State and Government from 2010 refers to energy savings in all sectors of the economies, including transports, meanwhile the Santiago Declaration of the First UE-CELAC Summit of Heads of State and Government from 2013 prioritises the improvement of policies and providing, among others, adequately resourced basic health services, water and sanitation, housing, education, public transport and energy, besides strengthening the Latin America Investment Facility, to improve integration, energy and transport infrastructures, energy efficiency, renewable energy. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse best practice cases from both regions in terms of gamification of transport policies and infrastructure, in order to highlight the the potential of the biregional consolidated cooperation for advancing gamification (in view of modern, sustainable, affordable, efficient transport policies, networks and infrastructure), the financial and political instruments that can be used in this sense and the mutual benefits that it would bring for the participant actors.
WSPÓŁCZESNE UWARUNKOWANIA PLANOWANIA STRATEGICZNEGO ROZWOJU SPOŁECZNO-GOSPODARCZEGO MIASTA – WYBRANE ASPEKTY
Authors: Rynio Dorota Małgorzata
Published: January 2021

In the times of quick and widespread changes, innovations and new ways of city management, new approaches to planning of strategic development of urban entities are expected. Therefore there is a continuing search for possibilities of acquiring new information about the city market and ways to shape it, residents’ participation and involvement, and also creating city openness. Urban centres are not closed entities but they have strong relations with the local, domestic and global markets. There is a search for new directions and priorities in strategic planning of social and economic development, while the established goals follow consultations, workshops and meetings of various groups of urban stakeholders. The consequences of long-term implementation of a city’s image as open is, on the one hand, its recognisability, yet – on the other one – the experience of positive and negative effects of the implementation. The purpose of the study is to identify selected contemporary conditions of strategic planning of a city’s social and economic development, emphasising – in particular – the bases for creating a city’s openness, including the related opportunities and hazards. Another intention is to highlight innovative ways of collecting market information about needs and aspirations of city users, as well as to form the residents’ attitude towards their involvement in the development of their living space. The applied research methods include literature studies, benchmarking and reasoning.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDEKATAN PROBLEM POSING PADA MATERI ATURAN SINUS DAN COSINUS
Authors: Saputra Farly Galuh , Yusmin Edy , Nursangaji Asep
Published: January 2021

Based on the pre research at SMA Taruna Bumi Khatulistiwa, there was only 6 of 32 overall students categorized as active in mathematics class and the percentage of the number of students who passed the grade in trigonometry was only 59,37%. The solution for the problem above is try to apply problem posing approach in the class. The aim of this research is to explore the effectivity of problem posing approach in Sines and Cosines Rule at class X SMA Taruna Bumi Khatulistiwa. The research method used in this research is experimental method in the form of pre-experimental design. Based on the result of the research, learning implementation was categorized as good with the average score is 3.48. Students learning activity was categorized as active with the average percentage is 75.58%. Students learning passion grade was not classically satisfied with the percentage is 36% based to the number of students who successfully pased the passing grade. Lastly, students responds to learning process with the approach is considered positive with the percentage is 92.86%. It can be concluded that learning implementation with problem posing approach in Sines and Cosines Rule at class X SMA Taruna Bumi Khatulistiwa was not effective.Keywords: Effectivity, Problem Posing Approach, Sines Rule, dan Cosines Rule
EKSPLORASI KETERAMPILAN KERUANGAN MENGENAI KUBUS MELALUI WAWANCARA KLINIS BERBASIS MASALAH
Authors: Medellu Antonius , Sugiatno Sugiatno , Hartoyo Agung
Published: January 2021

Students’ spatial skills in solving problems related to the arrangement of cubes were relatively low. This research was conducted to describe students' spatial skills regarding cube arrangement through problem-based clinical interviews. The design of this study was descriptive exploratory using one class of students as the research sample. Student tests were used to see students' initial abilities regarding cube arrangements. While problem-based clinical interviews were used to dig deeper into spatial skills and student problem solving regarding cube arrangements. The data obtained was processed using descriptive statistics such as average, cumulative frequency and percent score. Furthermore, the data was analyzed and interpreted using qualitative data analysis techniques to explain the phenomena that occur in the field. The results of the study show that the students' spatial skills regarding the cube were still relatively low; students' spatial skills were not in accordance with the concepts related to solving the problem of unit cube arrangements; students' spatial skills did not show skills related to solving problems in unit cube arrangements; to transform students' skills into spatial skills related to the problem of cube arrangement it is necessary to re-emphasize spatial skills which include spatial visual, spatial perception, spatial relations, and spatial orientation.Keywords: Spatial Ability, Problem Based Clinical Interview
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR INTERAKTIF UNTUK PEROLEHAN KETERAMPILAN PADA MATERI LINGKARAN
Authors: Ulya Ulvi , Suratman Dede , Nursangaji Asep
Published: January 2021

This research aims to determine the feasibility of interactive teaching materials that are developed, and how intellectual skills of students after using teaching materials that are developed. The research method used is descriptive. The subjects of this research were 24 students from class XI SMP Islam Bawari Pontianak. The data source of this research were the student test answers sheet, and the validation sheet for the feasibility of interactive teaching materials. The results showed that interactive teaching materials were declared to be very valid, refer to material experts and media experts. The students' intellectual skills of relationship the central angle with length of arc is 58.33% in the sufficient category. The students' intellectual skills of relationship the central angle with area of circle sector is 50% in the sufficient category. The students' intellectual skills of solve problems related to the central angle, inscribed angle, length of arc, and area of circle sector, and its relationship is 20.83% in the low category.Keywords: Circles, Intellectual Skills, Interactive Teaching Materials
KEMAMPUAN MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PISA PADA KONTEN CHANGE AND RELATIONSHIP
Authors: Teresa Helyana , Zubaidah Zubaidah , Nursangaji Asep
Published: January 2021

This Educators are required to be able to form a generation that can act effectively in the face of world changes that are so fast and complex. The PISA study that has been conducted has not used a sample that depicts all Indonesian students. Especially for students who are in SMP Negeri 4 Jawai not yet become a sample in the PISA study. This study aims to describe and find out how the ability to solve the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) content on change and relationship content by junior high school students. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research survey. Subjects in this study were 26 subjects. The results of the discussion showed that the ability to solve PISA questions for students was said to be still very low. This is because students have not been able to understand the problem correctly, students have not been able to identify and select relevant information because mathematical models in context are available, students have difficulty in giving arguments at every step of solving problems and drawing conclusions.