bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vascular Plants of Northern Death Valley National Park (Death Valley, Last Chance Range, and Eureka Valley), Inyo County, California
Authors: Bell Hester , De Groot Sarah , Schoenig Steve
Published: February 2022

The northern portion of Death Valley National Park closely (but not entirely) corresponds to the northernmost portion of the Mojave Desert in California. From 2014 through 2019 we surveyed the vascular plants in the Eureka Valley, northern Last Chance Range, and northern Death Valley. This study area covers 1735 sq km and ranges in elevation from 810 to 2577 m; it contains the tallest sand dunes in California, a calcium-rich mountain range, and alkaline seeps. These features provide specialized habitats for narrowly and regionally endemic plants. Fossil data from packrat middens suggest that the local climate has become warmer and drier during the Holocene and the assemblage of plants currently observed has only been in place for a few thousand years. During six years of fieldwork, we documented 542 specimens of minimum-rank taxa, including 51 special concern taxa and 25 non-natives. We were unable to relocate 45 taxa known from historic collections. Fifty-one collections were the first for the study area; these include 24 range extensions. Observations from our collections are combined with those from historic collections and other collectors in an annotated checklist.
Research on Electromagnetic Shielding Effectiveness of Multi-layered LZ91/Al Alloy Composite Materials by Asynchronous Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: ZHANG Tongying , HU Hao , WANG Junli , FEN Zhongxue , GUO Jiewen , LIU Xueliang
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the multi-layered LZ91/Al alloy composite materials were prepared by asynchronous accumulative roll bonding (AARB), and the effect of the multilayer structure on the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the alloy was investigated. The result show that the number of LZ91 and Al layers increase exponentially with the increase of AARB passes, and the LZ91 layer and Al layer, α-Mg phase and β-Li phase in the alloy are arranged alternately. Besides, as the aggregate thickness of the Al layer increases in the AARB process, the electrical conductivity of the alloy also increases. Thish can effectively improve the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the alloy.
Promenade der Fremden
Authors: Fischer Franz-Alois
Published: February 2022

Das hypermoderne China trifft auf das Land der Dichter und Denker: Ein deutscher Professor verbringt einen Sommer in Shanghai – mit Kant, Fichte und Hegel im Gepäck. 13 Geschichten erzählen von diesem Abenteuer in der Fremde, in dem Kulturen aufeinandertreffen, die auf den ersten Blick unterschiedlicher kaum sein können. Vor der berauschenden Skyline Pudongs wird Vertrautes fremd, Fremdes kommt einem erstaunlich nah. Sowohl China, konfrontiert mit den Ideen der Aufklärung, als auch unsere alten Philosophen – was wussten die schon von Wolkenkratzern und Teezeremonien? – erscheinen nach dieser Reise in einem neuen Licht.
Thiamin (B1) and Its Application in Patients with Critical Condition
Authors: Lubis Bastian , Amelia Putri , Lelo Aznan , Akil Muhammad , Viandy Vincent
Published: February 2022

Thiamin is an essential water-soluble nutrient that is naturally available in some foods and available as a supplement. This nutrient plays a vital role in metabolism, cell growth and development. The recommended daily intake of thiamin for adults is around 1.1–1.2 mg/day. Several studies have described that thiamin deficiency is commonly seen in critically ill patients, mainly sepsis. Thiamin deficiency reduces pyruvate access to the Krebs cycle, therefore, increases the production of lactate. The administration of thiamin in critically ill patients has been linked to better outcomes and depletion of mortality rate.
The Weapon of Theory Reconsidered
Authors: Portella Elizabeth ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2022

In this article, the author argues that anti-colonial Marxism has been obscured and distorted by the contemporary post-Cold War imaginary. The author analyzes the historical-political context in which the narrative of Marxism and decolonization develop during and after the Cold War. Focusing on the writings of Frantz Fanon, Amílcar Cabral, Thomas Sankara, and Ernesto “Che” Guevara, the author reconstructs the “principles” of anti-colonial Marxism, attempting to ameliorate the scholarly deficit of theoretical literature on the anti-colonial Marxist tradition. In conclusion, the author argues that the “revolutionary theory” of these thinkers remains relevant to persistent, present-day conditions of neocolonialism and capitalist imperialism, becoming increasingly relevant with the progression of catastrophic climate change.
Descriptive study on the continuing training of Arts teachers of state schools in the capital of Sergipe.
Authors: Luduvice Jorge Luis Santana , Santos Luiz Anselmo Menezes , De Souza Fabio Kalil
Published: February 2022

This paper is the result of a Master's dissertation linked to the training of educators research line, at PPGED-UFS[i].The general objective of this study was to describe the position of Arts teachers in the face of their continuing training process. Its specific objectives are: to characterize pedagogical problems with regard to Arts teaching, with emphasis on their origin and how teachers solve them; to understand the connection that these teachers establish with regard to the multivalence of artistic languages; and to relate these issues with the professional life cycle with the aspect of motivation and demand for the realization of the different modalities of continuing training. The research is configured in a qualitative - descriptive approach. The instruments used to collect qualitative data were 30 questionnaires with closed questions and 10 semi-structured interviews. The theoretical basis of this research is organized from the understanding of continuing training as a deontological element of the teaching profession and the characterization of the teaching of the curricular component Arts. The results obtained demonstrate several aspects that may affect the planning of training practices aimed at Arts teachers.
Economic impact of the sporting events as tourism niche product: A contemporary bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dimitrovski Darko , Leković Miljan , Đurađević Marijana
Published: February 2022

The paper provides contemporary insight into the issue of the economic impact of sporting events to contribute to the ongoing discussion related to the topic and to provide an interdisciplinary understanding beyond sports management literature. This was achieved by implementing the evaluative bibliometric analysis of papers on the economic impact of sporting events published in tourism journals indexed in the Web of Science in the period 2000-2018 years. In addition to the application of evaluative bibliometric analysis, the research includes a comprehensive annotated review of existing literature on the topic, based on the bibliography that corresponds to the research's predefined requirements. The results of the research confirm Bradford's bibliometric law, while the applicability of Price's bibliometric law was denied. In the context of the event type, findings point out that mega-events, such as the Olympics and the FIFA World Cup, are prevalent themes within this tourism specialization. Finally, Tourism Economics achieved the largest production of papers on the researched topic, however, Tourism Management was found to be most influential tourism journal, along with the most influential paper within this specialism published in the same journal in 2005, by Choong-Ki Lee and Tracy Taylor.
The decade of Serbian water polo
Authors: Bratuša Zoran
Published: February 2022

Water polo was originally developed in the British Isles. The colloquial term "aquatic football" was quickly adopted in many countries and their sport systems. With the adoption of the first rules (1929) the development of technique and tactics was intensified, and the philosophy of the game itself deepened. An important development factor was the founding and the work of the International Swimming Federation (FINA, 1908) and its water polo board (1929), as well as the affirmation through the Olympic Games program (Paris, 1900), European (Budapest 1926) and World Championships (Belgrade 1973). Water polo appeared in Serbia at the beginning of the last century, when the students from Sombor who studied in Budapest "transferred" the essence and the appeal of this game to Serbia. The students - the players of Sombor sports society won the first Kingdom of Yugoslavia National Championship in water polo held in Bled (1921). The primacy was quickly obtained by the teams from the sea coast, primarily the "WPC Jug" from Dubrovnik, and from the 1960s also the teams from the continental part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, primarily Partizan and Mladost. The water polo organization played a significant role in the development of water polo in the SFRY and ensured the conditions for the development of "the Yugoslav school of water polo". The successes of the national team and the clubs during the period of the SFRY, continue in today's Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia. The national independence of the Republic of Serbia (2006) did not affect the national team's results. The teams of the Serbian Water Polo Federation, from 2006 to 2016 have accomplished extraordinary sports results, and today, at the end of 2020, the Serbian senior national team is ranked first on the FINA's list of national teams. This paper addresses the golden decade of Serbian water polo (2006-2016). It aims at analysing the factors considered to have influenced the development of the water polo game, primarily, the players - their talent and hard work, coaches, the efficient national organization, sports officials, science and scientific methods… all of them who together encourage the improvement and development of the water polo game through individual contribution - the Serbian players' ethos.
Sources and sustainability of the cycle of high-performance competitive swimming in Serbia
Authors: Jevtić Branislav
Published: February 2022

The subject of this paper concerns the nature of individual changes and the origin of organizational ones that have led to the progress and breakthrough results of competitive swimming in Serbia. Serbia's first swimming medals were won at the Olympic Games (OG), World Championships (WCh), and European Championships (ECh) in the senior and junior categories for both men and women, and the world and European records were set during the analyzed period (2000-2016). The Serbian male and female swimmers also marked the period concerned with winning the title of Serbia's best athletes in both senior and junior categories (2008 and 2009, 2010). Descriptive, structural, functional, and causal analysis of the facts related to this period of development of competitive swimming in the Republic of Serbia, as the method applied in this paper, led to the conclusion that the talent of an athlete, top coaches, in addition to new training practice, science, technology, innovation (NIT), SOFT programs, and the involvement of meso and macro levels of sports organization represent the factors relevant to the progress in individual performance as well as to the intensive growth of competitive swimming in the examined period. The limited capacities of competitive swimming have been determined in terms of the sustainability of the top competition results achieved. In this paper, the international and national cultural narrative of the men's 100m butterfly final at the Beijing 2008 Olympics (Čavić vs Phelps) was elaborated.
In the center of epilepsy: On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of Neurology clinic in Belgrade
Authors: Vojvodić Nikola
Published: February 2022

The most important and simplest form of epilepsy treatment is the application of antiepileptic drugs. Its goal is to prevent the recurrence of epileptic attacks without provoking significant side effects. Unfortunately, in about 20-30% of patients antiepileptic drugs does not achieve seizure control. In a number of patients with pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy resective brain surgery is the optimal treatment method. Our experience as well as of the other epilepsy centers indicates that appropriate methods of preoperative evaluation and advanced techniques in epilepsy surgery are effective and safe methods of treatment resistant epilepsy, particularly temporal lobe epilepsy. Surgical treatment of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy leads to full control of seizures in about 2/3 of the operated patients. In order to achieve the complete surgical success, it is necessary to remove or disconnect that area or part of the brain, which is responsible for the initiation of epileptic seizures. That part of the brain (i.e. cerebral cortex) is called the epileptogenic zone and should be removed with the maximum refrain from those parts of the brain responsible for an important function (i.e."eloquent" cortex). Different modalities of diagnostic tests that are now used as part of presurgical evaluation (video-EEG telemetry, magnetic resonance imaging, neuropsychological testing, functional neuroradiology), allow the precise localization of the epileptogenic zone in majority of patients.
Editorial
Authors: Pereira Ana Maria , Amorim Igor Soares de
Published: February 2022

Editorial da v.5, n.2 jul./dez. 2021.
FEIRA DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Benedetti Filho Edemar , Rodrigues Lorena Alves , Fernandes Isadora Nascimento
Published: February 2022

As descobertas científicas é um mecanismo importante para o bem estar da sociedade, assim, a divulgação de suas descobertas a população é importante e necessária, principalmente ao incentivo na geração de novos pesquisadores. O presente trabalho foi resultado de um projeto de extensão que teve como objetivo analisar a importância à formação inicial para acadêmicos de Licenciatura em Química na elaboração e participação de uma Feira de Ciências através de experimentação investigativa. A coleta de dados foi executada através de observações comportamentais registradas em diário de campo e posteriormente discutidas entre os integrantes do projeto. A análise dos resultados demonstrou principalmente que os graduandos puderam interagir melhor frente às diferentes propostas apresentadas pelos alunos, servindo como um aperfeiçoamento para a sua carreira profissional futura enquanto a docência e na relação aluno-professor. Os alunos puderam propor experimentos livres de seus interesses e curiosidades, e a linguagem, ao nível de abstração para o ensino fundamental, foi importante para os graduandos relacionar seus conhecimentos acadêmicos junto ao campo de trabalho.
CONSTRUINDO PONTES PARA A TRAVESSIA DA PANDEMIA DO NOVO CORONAVÍRUS
Authors: França Sabrina da Silva , Pinto Aline Maria Melo , Silva Lídia Cristina Monteiro da , Rodrigues Caio San , Silva Emília do Nascimento , Silva Luena Brena Almeida da , OLIVEIRA ELIANY NAZARÉ
Published: February 2022

Este artigo objetiva relatar a experiência da Liga Interdisciplinar em Saúde Mental (LISAM), durante a pandemia do novo coronavírus. Trata-se de relato de experiência vivenciado pelos integrantes da LISAM. Com a pandemia do novo coronavírus e o fechamento das intuições de ensino, como forma de prevenção para que não houvesse a contaminação, a LISAM, da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA), encontrou barreiras para continuar com as atividades que compõe o tripé universitário: ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Diante do cenário, a Liga planejou e desenvolveu algumas atividades, com intuito de promover a saúde mental. Assim, desenvolveram-se criação de vídeos informativos e lives na página no Instagram, além da realização de evento on-line. Foi necessário reorganizar as atividades de ensino e pesquisas, tendo como base o cenário de crise sanitária. As Ligas Acadêmicas possibilitam aproximação dos estudantes com a comunidade, produzindo trocas de experiências e mais aprendizagem. A LISAM conseguiu, mesmo que de forma remota, cumprir o papel extensionista durante a pandemia. Foi possível reinventar e continuar com as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão na pandemia. A travessia foi repleta de desafios e aprendizagem.
Density of $f$-ideals and $f$-ideals in mixed small degrees
Authors: H`a Huy T`ai , Keiper Graham , Mahmood Hasan , O'Rourke Jonathan L.
Published: February 2022

A squarefree monomial ideal is called an $f$-ideal if its Stanley–Reisner and facet simplicial complexes have the same $f$-vector. We show that $f$-ideals generated in a fixed degree have asymptotic density zero when the number of variables goes to infinity. We also provide novel algorithms to construct $f$-ideals generated in small degrees.
Weighted holomorphic Dirichlet series and composition operators with polynomial symbols
Authors: Fricain Emmanuel , Mau Camille
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we introduce a general class of weighted spaces of holomorphic Dirichlet series (with real frequencies) analytic in some half-plane and study composition operators on these spaces. In the particular case when the symbol inducing the composition operator is an affine function, we give criteria for boundedness and compactness. We also study the cyclicity property and as a byproduct give a characterization so that the direct sum of the identity plus a weighted forward shift operator on $\ell^2$ is cyclic.
La era del audio y el despegue de los audiolibros
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Ollé Candela
Published: February 2022

El año 2020 fue, sin duda, la era de la explosión del pódcast. Los datos demuestran que el 2021 ha sido el año de la irrupción de los audiolibros, como una de las opciones sonoras que encaja con los nuevos modelos de consumo y estilo de vida (¿post?) pandémica. El surgimiento de nuevas plataformas de audiolibros (también incluyen pódcast) –que por una tarifa plana permiten consumir todo aquello que está disponible en su canal– ha sido clave en la irrupción de los audiolibros, en lo que creo que se considerará la era del audio.
Cerrando brechas: la educación social como espacio para la alfabetización digital
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Fernández de Castro Pedro , Moyano Segundo , Aranda Dani
Published: February 2022

En los últimos años, desde instituciones como la Unión Europea (2018), se viene desarrollando la noción de digital youth work como el ámbito de trabajo socioeducativo con la población joven orientado a promover su inclusión social mediante las tecnologías digitales. Para su adaptación y aplicación al contexto español, se propone que la educación social es el campo más propicio. Sin embargo, para desarrollar una «educación social digital» es necesario previamente entender cuál es el nivel actual de competencias digitales de las educadoras sociales.
Management System of Multi-Apartment Residential Buildings in the Context of Sustainable Conservation
Authors: Amoliņa Iveta
Published: February 2022

The aim of the research is to develop an integrated information-analytical systems approach methodology of the multi-apartment residential building management process for the purposeful implementation of residential building management services and sustainable maintenance of housing. The first part of the Doctoral Thesis analyses the theoretical aspects and the legal environment of multi-apartment residential building management. In the second part, the author of the Doctoral Thesis performs the research and analysis of the multi-apartment residential building management system and the influencing theoretical factors. The third part evaluates the decision-making methods used in multi-apartment residential building management. The fourth part reflects the developed information-analytical management method and management systems approach to the management of multi-apartment residential buildings and the application of its operation. At the end of the Doctoral Thesis, the author provides conclusions and proposals for the improvement of the multi-apartment residential building management system and processes in order to ensure the implementation of the principles of good governance and sustainable preservation of property.
Structural basis for an unprecedented enzymatic alkylation in cylindrocyclophane biosynthesis
Authors: Braffman Nathaniel R , Ruskoski Terry B , Davis Katherine M , Glasser Nathaniel R , Johnson Cassidy , Okafor C Denise , Boal Amie K , Balskus Emily P
Published: February 2022

The cyanobacterial enzyme CylK assembles the cylindrocyclophane natural products by performing two unusual alkylation reactions, forming new carbon–carbon bonds between aromatic rings and secondary alkyl halide substrates. This transformation is unprecedented in biology, and the structure and mechanism of CylK are unknown. Here, we report X-ray crystal structures of CylK, revealing a distinctive fusion of a Ca2+-binding domain and a β-propeller fold. We use a mutagenic screening approach to locate CylK’s active site at its domain interface, identifying two residues, Arg105 and Tyr473, that are required for catalysis. Anomalous diffraction datasets collected with bound bromide ions, a product analog, suggest that these residues interact with the alkyl halide electrophile. Additional mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations implicate Asp440 in activating the nucleophilic aromatic ring. Bioinformatic analysis of CylK homologs from other cyanobacteria establishes that they conserve these key catalytic amino acids, but they are likely associated with divergent reactivity and altered secondary metabolism. By gaining a molecular understanding of this unusual biosynthetic transformation, this work fills a gap in our understanding of how alkyl halides are activated and used by enzymes as biosynthetic intermediates, informing enzyme engineering, catalyst design, and natural product discovery.
Blocking Kir6.2 channels with SpTx1 potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from murine pancreatic β cells and lowers blood glucose in diabetic mice
Authors: Ramu Yajamana , Yamakaze Jayden , Zhou Yufeng , Hoshi Toshinori , Lu Zhe
Published: February 2022

ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels in pancreatic β cells are comprised of pore-forming subunits (Kir6.2) and modulatory sulfonylurea receptor subunits (SUR1). The ATP sensitivity of these channels enables them to couple metabolic state to insulin secretion in β cells. Antidiabetic sulfonylureas such as glibenclamide target SUR1 and indirectly suppress Kir6.2 activity. Glibenclamide acts as both a primary and a secondary secretagogue to trigger insulin secretion and potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, respectively. We tested whether blocking Kir6.2 itself causes the same effects as glibenclamide, and found that the Kir6.2 pore-blocking venom toxin SpTx1 acts as a strong secondary, but not a strong primary, secretagogue. SpTx1 triggered a transient rise of plasma insulin and lowered the elevated blood glucose of diabetic mice overexpressing Kir6.2 but did not affect those of nondiabetic mice. This proof-of-concept study suggests that blocking Kir6.2 may serve as an effective treatment for diabetes and other diseases stemming from KATP hyperactivity that cannot be adequately suppressed with sulfonylureas.
starMC: an automata based CTL* model checker
Authors: Amparore Elvio Gilberto , Donatelli Susanna , Gallà Francesco
Published: February 2022

Model-checking of temporal logic formulae is a widely used technique for the verification of systems. CTL$^*$ is a temporal logic that allows to consider an intermix of both branching behaviours (like in CTL) and linear behaviours (LTL), overcoming the limitations of LTL (that cannot express “possibility”) and CTL (cannot fully express fairness). Nevertheless CTL$^*$ model-checkers are uncommon. This paper presents (1) the algorithms for a fully symbolic automata-based approach for CTL$^*$, and (2) their implementation in the open-source tool starMC, a CTL$^*$ model checker for systems specified as Petri nets. Testing has been conducted on thousands of formulas over almost a hundred models. The experiments show that the fully symbolic automata-based approach of starMC can compute the set of states that satisfy a CTL$^*$ formula for very large models (non trivial formulas for state spaces larger than 10480 states are evaluated in less than a minute).
Well‐Controlled Living Polymerization of N‐Propargylamides and Their Derivatives by Rhodium Catalysis
Authors: Ito Kosuke , Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Nishimura Tatsuya , Maeda Katsuhiro
Published: February 2022

A substantially improved method for living polymerization of N‐propargylamides and their derivatives has been developed. Rhodium(I) complexes bearing an aryl‐substituted 1,3,5‐hexatriene chain can work as excellent initiators of the polymerization of such non‐conjugated terminal alkynes to give the corresponding cis‐stereoregular polymers having a narrow molecular weight distribution. The typical living nature has been confirmed by investigating the effects of initial feed ratios of the monomer to the initiator on the molecular weight of the resulting polymers as well as multistage polymerization. Moreover, we demonstrated that the present method enables functionalization of both polymer chain ends and synthesis of novel block copolymers consisting of poly(N‐propargylamide) and poly(phenylacetylene) blocks with a narrow molecular weight distribution.
Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Chemistry Modulation for Ultra‐High Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Zheng , Wang Hong , Wu Peng‐Fei , Zhou Si‐Yu , Huang Yuan‐Cheng , Zhang Rui , Sun Dan , Tang You‐Gen , Wang Hai‐Yan
Published: February 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries capable of operating at rate and temperature extremes are highly desirable, but elusive due to the dynamics and thermodynamics limitations. Herein, a strategy of electrode–electrolyte interfacial chemistry modulation is proposed. The commercial hard carbon demonstrates superior rate performance with 212 mAh g−1at an ultra‐high current density of 5 A g−1in the electrolyte with weak ion solvation/desolvation, which is much higher than those in common electrolytes (nearly no capacity in carbonate‐based electrolytes). Even at −20 °C, a high capacity of 175 mAh g−1(74 % of its room‐temperature capacity) can be maintained at 2 A g−1. Such an electrode retains 90 % of its initial capacity after 1000 cycles. As proven, weak ion solvation/desolvation of tetrahydrofuran greatly facilitates fast‐ion diffusion at the SEI/electrolyte interface and homogeneous SEI with well‐distributed NaF and organic components ensures fast Na+diffusion through the SEI layer and a stable interface.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol in Aqueous Medium over Copper Cations Promoted by Atomically Dispersed Rhodium on TiO2
Authors: Gu Fubo , Qin Xuetao , Li Mengwei , Xu Yao , Hong Song , Ouyang Mengyao , Giannakakis Georgios , Cao Sufeng , Peng Mi , Xie Jinling , Wang Meng , Han Dongmei , Xiao Dequan , Wang Xiayan , Wang Zhihua , Ma Ding
Published: February 2022

Direct conversion of methane into value‐added chemicals, such as methanol under mild conditions, is a promising route for industrial applications. In this work, atomically dispersed Rh on TiO2 suspended in an aqueous solution was used for the oxidation of methane to methanol. Promoted by copper cations (as co‐catalyst) in solution, the catalysts exhibited high activity and selectivity for the production of methanol using molecular oxygen with the presence of carbon monoxide at 150 °C with a reaction pressure of 31 bar. Millimole level yields of methanol were reached with the selectivity higher than 99 % using the Rh/TiO2 catalysts with the promotion of the copper cation. CO was the reductive agent to generate H2 from H2O, which led to the formation of H2O2 through the reaction of H2 and O2. Atomically dispersed Rh activated the C−H bond in CH4 and catalyzed the oxidation using H2O2. Copper cations maintained the low‐valence state of Rh. Moreover, copper acted as a scavenger for suppressing the overoxidation, thus leading to the high selectivity of methanol.
Morphology and morphometry of pharyngeal bone and teeth in cyprinid species from the Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Authors: Jawad Laith A. , Agha Gashaw F. , Abdullah Shamall M. A. , Aguilar Glenn , Qasim Audai M.
Published: February 2022

The morphology of pharyngeal bones and teeth was determined on seven cyprinid species caught from the Greater Zab River, a tributary of Tigris River, located in the northern part of Iraq in the Kurdistan Region. Eleven morphological characters of the pharyngeal bone and teeth were identified, measured and compared from photographs of the 152 individual species collected. The relationship between pharyngeal bone total length and four‐dimensional measurements of the pharyngeal bone were determined using linear regression and multivariate analysis. Results show bone characteristics of the studied species are distinctly different in terms of shape, tooth number, tooth formulae and dimensions of the pharyngeal bones. Regression analysis shows positive coefficients of TL with all parameters PL, DL, PW and DP while multivariate linear discriminate analysis shows distinct groupings of each species using non‐dimensional measurements of the bone characters. The measurements gathered and application of biometric relationships to ease the identification of the cyprinid species contributes to the morphological information on cyprinid species in a data deficient region of the world. This work provides a new set of morphological characters of the pharyngeal bone and teeth of the seven cyprinid species from Northern Mesopotamia that may enable their separation from the members of their cyprinid genera.
A new strategy for the decellularization of whole organs by hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Morales‐Guerrero Nelly A. , Varela‐Echavarría Alfredo , Lozano‐Flores Carlos , Vázquez‐Cuevas Francisco G. , Velázquez‐Miranda Erandi , Reyes‐López Julián V. , García‐Solís Pablo , Solís‐S Juan Carlos , Hernandez‐Montiel Hebert Luis
Published: February 2022

Tissue engineering has been able to develop novel decellularization‐recellularization techniques, which facilitates the research for the generation of functional organs. This is based in the initial obtention of the organ's extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, any improvement in the decellularization process would have a positive impact in the results of the recellularization process. Nevertheless, commonly the methods and equipment employed for this process are expensive and thus limit the access of this technique to various research groups globally. To develop a decellularization technique with the exclusive use of hydrostatic pressure of detergent solutions, to have an easily accessible and low‐cost technique that meets the basic requirements of acellularity and functionality of the ECM. This experimental study was performed in 10 male Wistar rats, obtaining the liver to carry out serial washes, with 1%, 2%, and 3% Triton X‐100 solutions and 0.1% SDS. The washes were performed by using a gravity perfusion system (GPS), which assured us a continuous hydrostatic pressure of 7.5 mmHg. The obtained ECM was processed using stains and immunostaining to determine the residual cell content and preservation of its components. The staining showed a removal of cellular and nuclear components of approximately 97% of the acellular ECM, with an adequate three‐dimensional pattern of collagen and proteoglycans. Furthermore, the acellular ECM allowed the viability of a primary hepatocyte culture. The use of the GPS decellularization technique allowed us to obtain an acellular and functional ECM, drastically reducing experimentation costs.
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen into Ammonia and Hydrazine by Using Chromium Complexes Bearing PCP‐Type Pincer Ligands**
Authors: Ashida Yuya , Egi Akihito , Arashiba Kazuya , Tanaka Hiromasa , Mitsumoto Taichi , Kuriyama Shogo , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: February 2022

A series of chromium‐halide, ‐nitride, and ‐dinitrogen complexes bearing carbene‐ and phosphine‐based PCP‐type pincer ligands has been newly prepared, and some of them are found to work as effective catalysts to reduce dinitrogen under atmospheric pressure, whereby up to 11.60 equiv. of ammonia and 2.52 equiv. of hydrazine (16.6 equiv. of fixed N atom) are produced based on the chromium atom. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first successful example of chromium‐catalyzed conversion of dinitrogen to ammonia and hydrazine under mild reaction conditions.
Estimation of conditional cumulative incidence functions under generalized semiparametric regression models with missing covariates, with application to analysis of biomarker correlates in vaccine trials
Authors: Sun Yanqing , Heng Fei , Lee Unkyung , Gilbert Peter B.
Published: February 2022

This article presents generalized semiparametric regression models for conditional cumulative incidence functions with competing risks data when covariates are missing by sampling design or happenstance. A doubly robust augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) complete‐case approach to estimation and inference is investigated. This approach modifies IPW complete‐case estimating equations by exploiting the key features in the relationship between the missing covariates and the phase‐one data to improve efficiency. An iterative numerical procedure is derived to solve the nonlinear estimating equations. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. A simulation study examining the finite‐sample performances of the proposed estimators shows that the AIPW estimators are more efficient than the IPW estimators. The developed method is applied to the RV144 HIV‐1 vaccine efficacy trial to investigate vaccine‐induced IgG binding antibodies to HIV‐1 as correlates of acquisition of HIV‐1 infection while taking account of whether the HIV‐1 sequences are near or far from the HIV‐1 sequences represented in the vaccine construct.
Ring dust structures in a weak inhomogeneous magnetic field
Authors: Kodanova Sandugash , Abdirakhmanov Assan , D'yachkov Lev , Bastykova Nuriya , Ramazanov Tlekkabul
Published: February 2022

Experimental results on the influence of an external inhomogeneous magnetic field created in the end areas of the coil on the dynamics of a ring‐shaped dust structure in a stratified glow discharge in argon are presented. The rotational behaviour of the ring was investigated at different magnetic fields in the range up to 16 mT. It was found that the direction of rotational motion of dust particles in an inhomogeneous magnetic field depends on the direction of its radial component. A theoretical model was proposed to explain the experimental observations.
Comparative diagnostic utility of metagenomic next‐generation sequencing, GeneXpert, modified Ziehl–Neelsen staining, and culture using cerebrospinal fluid for tuberculous meningitis: A multi‐center, retrospective study in China
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Wang Yuqing , Liu Xiaojin , Li Wen , Fu Hongyi , Liu Xinyan , Zhang Xun , Zhou Xueqin , Yang Bingzhou , Yao Jie , Ma Xiaolei , Han Lijun , Li Huan , Zheng Liheng
Published: February 2022

Background

Early diagnosis of tuberculosis meningitis (TBM) remains a great challenge during clinical practice. The diagnostic efficacies of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐based mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture, modified Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS) for TBM remained elusive.

Methods

A total of 216 adult patients with suspicious TBM were retrospectively enrolled in this multi‐cohort study. The diagnostic performances for MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS using CSF samples were evaluated.

Results

Uniform clinical case definition classified 88 (40.7%) out of 216 patients as the definite TBM, 5 (2.3%) patients as probable TBM cases, and 24 (11.1%) patients as possible TBM cases. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite TBM were 25.0%, 76.1%, 73.9%, and 84.1%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 66.0%, 85.9%, 84.8%, and 90.1%, respectively. The sensitivities of MGIT, modified ZN staining, Xpert MTB/RIF, and mNGS for TBM diagnosis against consensus uniform case definition for definite, probable, and possible TBM were 18.8%, 57.3%, 55.5%, and 63.2%, respectively. Negative predictive values (NPVs) were 51.0%, 66.4%, 65.6%, and 69.7%, respectively. mNGS combined with modified ZN stain and Xpert could cover TBM cases against a composite microbiological reference standard, yielding 100% specificity and 100% NPV.

Conclusion

Metagenomic next‐generation sequencing detected TBM with higher sensitivity than Xpert, ZN staining and MGIT culture, but mNGS cannot be used as a rule‐out test. mNGS combined with Xpert or modified ZN staining could enhance the sensitivity of diagnostic tests for TBM.
Predatory journals and publishers: Characteristics and impact of academic spam to researchers in educational sciences
Authors: Sureda‐Negre Jaume , Calvo‐Sastre Aina , Comas‐Forgas Rubén
Published: February 2022

This study focuses on the phenomenon of presumed predatory scientific publications in the field of Educational Sciences, and the utilization of email by editors to request manuscripts. It examined, using content analysis methods, 210 emails received by three professors of the field of Education, at a Spanish university with different research profiles over a period of 3 months. Through analysis of the unsolicited emails a total of 139 journals and 37 publishers were identified and examined using: (a) the two main predatory journal inventories (Beall's list and Cabells' Predatory Reports), and (b) six of the major scientific bibliographic databases. The publishers and their websites were also analyzed, as well as the basic aspects of the emails' content. The majority of the unsolicited emails were from predatory journals or publishers and half of the article requests did not match the field of the recipient. In addition, it is relevant to note that more than half of the domains of predatory publishers analysed have untrustworthy security levels. The data provided relevant information on the phenomenon of predation in scientific publications in the field of Education and, most importantly, provided evidence for developing training and preventive strategies to tackle it.
Assessment of the incidence and course of mandibular incisive canals in a Japanese population with cone‐beam computed tomography
Authors: Ogawa Atsushi , Ikeda Yunosuke , Kogi Shintaro , Takahashi Noriaki , Nakasato Shigeki , Izumisawa Mitsuru , Fujimura Akira , Yamada Hiroyuki
Published: February 2022

Aim

The mandibular incisive canal (MIC) is a continuation of the mandibular canal anterior to the mental foramen. This observational study was designed to assess the incidence and anatomical parameters of the MIC in a Japanese population using dental cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods

CBCT images from 156 patients were acquired and processed using the Planmeca Romexis software. The frequency of the MIC; the length of the MIC; the diametter of the MIC; the distance between the mandibular border, MIC origin, and MIC termination were measured.

Results

MICs were visible in 91.0% of the scans. The mean length was 9.9 ± 6.0 mm, and the average diameter was 1.8 ± 0.7 mm. On average, the MIC was located 11.5 ± 2.6 mm from the lower cortical border and continued towards the incisor region in a slightly downward direction, with a mean distance of 9.3 ± 2.6 mm from the lower cortical border.

Conclusions

The high incidence of the MIC (91.0%) indicates that its identification on CBCT images provides useful information for surgical procedures, such as implant placement and block graft harvesting, in the mental interforaminal area of the mandible.
Calculation and Decrease of Zigzag Leakage Flux Losses in a Wet Submersible Induction Machine by the Virtual Permanent Magnet Harmonic Machine Model
Authors: Yan Jingwen , Di Chong , Bao Xiaohua
Published: February 2022

The accurate estimation of the zigzag leakage flux losses (ZZLFL) caused by the slot harmonics and their interactions, which occupy a high proportion of stray losses, are of great significance in the efficiency calculation as well as the optimization design for the wet submersible induction machine (WSIM). In this paper, a two‐dimensional finite element method (FEM) is presented to separate ZZLFL into the iron losses and the eddy‐current losses. The air‐gap magnetic flux density is decomposed by the two‐dimensional fast Fourier transform at a sampling frequency of 5000 Hz. The hybrid excited virtual permanent magnet harmonic machine model is applied to reconstruct the air‐gap magnetic field and excite the stator and rotor separately. Each node harmonic iron losses are acquired through the modified Bertotti iron losses model with the consideration of high‐frequency power losses as a function of the magnetic flux density. The zigzag flux losses provided by different harmonics are obtained by subtracting the hybrid excitation losses. According to the different proportions of harmonic losses among zigzag flux losses, novel WSIM models are proposed in the paper to decrease zigzag flux losses and increase the efficiency. Adopting the same computation process, the novel models with different structures are explored and verified to improve the zigzag flux losses and power density. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Management of a mandibular sialo‐cutaneous fistula in a gelding using intraluminal stenting with a polyurethane catheter
Authors: Osborne Craig , Perrier Melanie
Published: February 2022

A 22‐year‐old gelding was referred to the Royal Veterinary College for evaluation of a firm swelling in the mandibular region and associated respiratory distress. Physical examination and further diagnostics, including sialography, revealed a mandibular sialo‐cutaneous fistula. Taking patient and surgical factors into consideration, it was elected to place a polyurethane long‐stay catheter into the duct to act as a stent and allow bypass of saliva. This technique resulted in secondary intention healing of the fistula and complete resolution of the clinical signs.
Fibonacci Fraction Circles
Authors: Sporn Howard
Published: February 2022

We define a Fibonacci fraction circle to be a circle passing through an infinite number of points whose coordinates are of the form
$\left( {{{{F_k}} \over {{F_m}}},{{{F_n}} \over {{F_m}}}} \right)$
, where the F’s are Fibonacci numbers (0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, …). For instance, the circle
(1)
$${x^2} + {\left( {y + {1 \over 2}} \right)^2} = {5 \over 4}$$
passes through the points
$\left( {{1 \over 1},{0 \over 1}} \right),\,\left( {{1 \over 2},{1 \over 2}} \right),\,\left( {{1 \over 5},{3 \over 5}} \right),\,\left( {{1 \over {13}},{8 \over {13}}} \right),\left( {{1 \over {34}},{{21} \over {34}}} \right),\,...,$
which can be easily checked. See Figure 1. The purpose of this paper is to find other Fibonacci fraction circles. Several of these circles have been discovered independently by Kocik. [1]
The trisectrix and Langley's problem
Authors: Silvester John R.
Published: February 2022

If a circle rolls without slipping around an equal fixed circle, then a point carried by the rolling circle traces out a limaçon of Pascal. (This is Etienne Pascal, father of Blaise. The word limaçon is derived from the Latin limax, a snail.) If the fixed and rolling circles have radius 1, and the point P carried by the rolling wheel is distant a from its centre, then for a > 1 the limaçon has an inner and an outer loop, joining up at a node. For a = 1 it has a cusp, and is then a cardioid, so-called because it is heart-shaped. See Figure 1, where we have plotted the cases a =
$${3 \over 4}$$
, a = 1 and a =
$${3 \over 2}$$
.
Hospitality, not Honors: Portraits and Patronage in the Acts of John
Authors: Proctor Travis W.
Published: February 2022

In this article, I examine how the apocryphal Acts of John depicts wealthy Christian converts as part of the “Christianization” of Ephesus. I note how the Acts of John uses its portrayal of leading citizens not only to critique, but to preserve and adapt prevailing expectations surrounding Greco-Roman cultic patronage. My analysis comprises two parts. In the first part, I discuss the ways in which the Acts of John undermines prevalent Greco-Roman practices of benefaction. I note that the Acts of John criticizes monetary offerings as part of cultic “exchanges,” and thus indirectly condemns the patronage of religious institutions by wealthy benefactors. Relatedly, the Acts of John’s portrait scene, most often analyzed for its witness to early Christian aniconism, challenges Greco-Roman patronage norms by questioning the propriety of dedicatory portraits. In the second part, I track the ways in which the Acts of John preserves and adapts prevailing modes of ancient benefaction. Specifically, the Acts of John positions domestic hospitality as the primary means by which wealthy converts ought to support the Christian mission. Taken together, my two-part examination establishes that the Acts of John both challenges and redirects prevailing practices of Greco-Roman patronage as part of a broader articulation of proper Christian piety.
Icy Worlds Have Mixed Ice-Rock Interiors
Authors: Japelj Jure
Published: February 2022

Scientists make a case for a more realistic treatment of icy planets' structure in which ices and rocks are mixed instead of separated in layers.
Utilising International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Conditions (ICD)-10 Australian Modification Classifications of “Health Conditions” to Achieve Population Health Surveillance in an Australian Spinal Cord Injury Cohort
Authors: Clark Jillian M. , Marshall Ruth
Published: February 2022

Study design

Retrospective, non-randomised, registry controlled.

Objective

To develop a conceptual ICD-10 taxonomic framework for population health surveillance across all-phases of spinal cord injury and disorders (SCI/D).

Setting

Public Hospital Admitted Patient Care (APC) collection, South Australian Dept. Health, South Australia, Australia.

Methods

A core ICD-10-Australian Modification (AM) coded dataset was retrieved from the APC hospital patient admission collection (2012–2017). Search filters and key words referenced to the National Library of Medicine thesaurus identified and quantified incident SCI/D cases. Incident SCI/D case data held in the Australian Spinal Cord Injury Registry (ASCIR) of South Australia (2012–2017) tested fidelity. Data linkage to the South Australian Death Registry controlled for cohort attrition. Both unadjusted and case-mix adjusted core data set yields were evaluated. Outcomes were assessed in terms of APC frequency difference (Δ%) versus ASCIR.

Results

3,504 APC cases were extracted, of which 504 (mean, SD age 55 ± 20 yrs; 348 [69%] male, 202 [39%] traumatic; 135 [32%]) cervical; 51 [10.1%] thoracic and (16 [3.2%]) lumbar met criteria. Comparator data were 385 ASCIR new index cases mean, SD age 56 ± 19 yrs, 229 [75%] male, 162 [42%] traumatic. Case-mix adjusted analysis yielded 336 (APC Δ33%) all-cause incident cases (vs. ASCIR −13 Δ%) and 131 incident cases of traumatic aetiologies (vs. ASCIR −19 Δ%).

Conclusions

The ICD-10 core “Health Condition” data-set assembled extends our understanding of SCI/D epidemiology and with further development may create a cost-efficient and sustainable framework that will improve health system performance and equity within and between countries.

Sponsorship

The Lifetime Support Authority of South Australia sponsored the study.