bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervico-isthmic pregnancy with cervical placenta accreta
Authors: Weichert Alexander , Thomas Anke , Henrich Wolfgang , Köhler Christhardt , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Kalache Karim D.
Published: December 2012

Cervical pregnancies are a rare form of ectopic pregnancies. The reported incidence is estimated to affect one in 1000 to 18,000 pregnancies. Whereas true cervical pregnancies are rare, cervico-isthmic pregnancies are more common, and in addition more lethal as the maternal risk for massive hemorrhage increases with the advancement of the gestational period. Risk factors include tubal disease, uterine surgery as well as in vitro fertilization. We report a case of a 35-year-old woman at 20 weeks of gestation who was referred to our department because of cervical shortening and recurrent painless vaginal bleeding. Transvaginal ultrasound revealed that the placental implantation site was located within the cervix and the uterine isthmus while the fetus was developing in the uterus. Furthermore, we suspected placenta accreta. After counseling expectant management was chosen. At 31+5 weeks of gestation the patient developed severe vaginal bleeding leading to an emergency cesarean section with hysterectomy after an unsuccessful effort to stem the hemorrhage conservatively. The pathology report confirmed our sonographic findings. It can be concluded that cervico-isthmic pregnancies are rare implantation disorders that require interdisciplinary peripartum management. Expectant management can be offered. Preterm delivery and probable requirement of a hysterectomy need to be discussed with the patient.
Prelabor uterine rupture and extrusion of fetus with intact amniotic membranes: a case report
Authors: Kaya Barış , Akıl Aybala , Yıldırım Yusuf
Published: December 2012

Introduction: The increasing rate of cesarean sections is an important issue globally, especially in developed countries. During the last decade, despite decreasing rates of vaginal delivery attempts after a previous cesarean section, the risk of uterine rupture has remained. Uterine rupture is a significant and catastrophic obstetric complication associated with maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. We report here a very rare case of prelabor uterine rupture with intact membranes.

Case report: A 28-year-old, gravida 3, para 2 Turkish woman was referred to our emergency unit at 34 weeks’ gestation because of the absence of fetal movements and abdominal pain. She had had a vaginal birth in 2007 and a cesarean section in 2009. In the delivery room, the fetal extremities were palpated at the abdominal wall, and an ultrasonography revealed ruptured uterus and fetal death. A midline laparotomy was carried out to open the peritoneal cavity. An intact amniotic sac with fetus was observed in the abdominal cavity, and the uterus was also observed to be ruptured. The male fetus, weighing 2500 g, was dead. The rupture was extending from the left lateral side of cervix to the fundus. The tear was repaired by primarily suturing the uterus in two layers after ligation of the left uterine artery to control hemorrhage. The total estimated blood loss was about 1300 mL. The patient received two units of blood transfusion during the operation. In the 4th postoperative day, the patient was discharged.

Conclusion: Complete uterine rupture is a rare but catastrophic event, and if diagnosed late, can result in mortality. Uterine rupture is rare during a trial of vaginal labor in a patient with a history of cesarean section; it is much rarer to occur before any trial of vaginal labor in such a patient. If a patient with a history of cesarean section, especially with an unknown type of incision, presents with complaints of abdominal tenderness or vaginal bleeding in the 3rd trimester, the possibility of complete uterine rupture must be considered.
Endoscopic anatomical study of the arachnoid architecture on the base of the skull. Part I: The anterior and middle cranial fossa
Authors: Kurucz Peter , Baksa Gabor , Patonay Lajos , Hopf Nikolai J.
Published: December 2012

Minimally invasive neurosurgery requires a detailed knowledge of microstructures, such as the arachnoid membranes. In spite of many articles addressing arachnoid membranes, its detailed organization is still not well described. The aim of this study is to investigate the topography of the arachnoid in the anterior cranial fossa and the middle cranial fossa. Rigid endoscopes were introduced through defined keyhole craniotomies, to explore the arachnoid structures in 110 fresh human cadavers. We describe the topography and relationship to neurovascular structures and suggest an intuitive terminology of the arachnoid. We demonstrate an “arachnoid membrane system”, which consists of the outer arachnoid and 23 inner arachnoid membranes in the anterior fossa and the middle fossa. The inner membranes are arranged in two “arachnoid membrane groups” in the examined regions. The first is the carotid membrane group, located in the suprasellar region, consisting of seven paired and three unpaired inner membranes and the outer arachnoid on its base. The second is the Sylvian membrane group, composed of three inner membranes of the Sylvian fissure and completed by the outer arachnoid. Our findings should be very helpful in understanding the complex organization of the cranial arachnoid, which is mandatory for the safe and effective use of minimally invasive endoscopic techniques.
Multiple paternity in Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus (Ursidae, Carnivora) determined by microsatellite analysis
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiaki , Tamatani Hiroo , Tanaka Junpei , Kamiike Kumiko , Yokoyama Shotaro , Koyama Masaru , Kajiwara Mayuka
Published: December 2012

We performed microsatellite paternity analyses of two Asian black bear
The impact of body mass at birth on postnatal growth in captive Kuhl’s pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Sharifi Mozafar , Vaissi Somaye
Published: December 2012

To determine whether differences in birth body mass influence growth performance in
Jenseits des Naturzustandes. Eine postkoloniale Lektüre von Hobbes und Rousseau
Authors: Purtschert Patricia
Published: December 2012

The state of nature is a fundamental concept of modern political philosophy. As such, it is particularly associated with Thomas Hobbes’ and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s work. As the following article shows, the state of nature is not simply an auxiliary construction [Hilfskonstruktion] for a theory that aims to clarify the relation between the political order and its origins and normative principles. It is also a figure of thought that introduces colonial images into political philosophy. The following reading of Hobbes and Rousseau, which also draws on image analysis, traces how their conceptions of the state of nature are constitutively linked to imaginations of the savage that emanate from contemporary colonial discourses. Moreover, by comparing the writings of Hobbes and Rousseau it becomes apparent that the colonial difference increasingly takes on a systematic relevance. This development further contains significant similarities with the changing use of gender differences in political philosophy.
Die Eigenständigkeit des Krankheitsbegriffs in der Psychiatrie
Authors: Schramme Thomas
Published: December 2012

Does the reference to a mental realm in using the notion of mental disorder lead to a dilemma that consists in either implying a Cartesian account of the mind-body relation or in the need to give up a notion of mental disorder in its own right? Many psychiatrists seem to believe that denying substance dualism requires a purely neurophysiological stance for explaining mental disorder. However, this conviction is based on a limited awareness of the philosophical debate on the mind-body problem. This article discusses the reasonableness of the concept of mental disorder in relation to reductionist and eliminativist strategies in the philosophy of mind. It is concluded that we need a psychological level of explanation that cannot be reduced to neurophysiological findings in order to make sense of mental disorder.
Philosophie als Gespräch
Authors: Schnädelbach Herbert , Dietz Simone , Vogel Matthias
Published: December 2012

Looking back onto 50 years of teaching and research, Herbert Schnädelbach describes factors that shaped the development of philosophy during these years, leading foremost to a scientification of philosophy and to a specialization of philosophers. Simultaneously, he makes the diagnosis of a transformation from a personalized interpretation and explanation discipline to a cooperative effort, distinguished more by an increased interest in systemic questions and cooperation than by irreconcilable frontline positioning. The influence of the university reforms of the 1960s and of the years from 2000 onwards, how he relates to Kant, Hegel, and Adorno and to the role of the Critical Theory are also subject matters of the interview, as are questions regarding the tasks of philosophy in modern society.
Vom intuitiven Wissen zur dialektischen Bewegung des Denkens. Symposium zu: Eckart Förster: Die 25 Jahre der Philosophie
Authors: Schlösser Ulrich
Published: December 2012

This paper critically analyses two of Eckart Förster’s claims on the development of German idealism. The first claim is the following: In his writings on colour and on plant development, Goethe uses a method that is grounded in Spinoza’s third form of knowledge, scientia intuitiva. According to the second claim, Goethe’s methodology played a crucial role in establishing a developmental approach to knowledge in Hegel’s early Jena period. The paper assesses objections to both claims.
Why Is That Dog Paralyzed? A Problem-Based Case & Laboratory Exercise about Neuromuscular Transmission
Authors: Milanick Mark , Graham Kerri , Wessel Melissa
Published: December 2012

Students are provided with a mystery concerning dogs that are paralyzed. This motivates a laboratory exercise to measure parameters from the dog’s “blood” to determine whether the paralysis is due to pesticide poisoning or an autoimmune attack on nerve myelin. Most of the materials are available from the grocery store. The real-world nature of the problem, and the mystery, engages the students in thinking about nerve, muscle, and immune system function. Alternative versions require less familiarity with physiology and can be used as engagement activities to encourage learning laboratory skills and experimental design or as motivation for learning nerve and muscle physiology.
Germination ability and seedling vigour in the progeny of heat-stressed wheat plants
Authors: Balla K. , Karsai I. , Bencze S. , Veisz O.
Published: December 2012

Heat stress during the grain-filling period has a substantial effect on embryo development, and on the size and chemical composition of the grain. The lines of a doubled haploid population arising from a cross between a heat-sensitive (Plainsman V) and a heat-tolerant (Mv Magma) wheat variety were analysed to determine how these changes influenced the germination of kernels formed during heat stress and the initial development of the seedlings. Heat stress during the early grain development of the main spike had a significant influence on the yield components, which differed however for the main and side spikes. Considerable differences were observed in the extent to which the yield components declined in the individual lines. Averaged over the population, the germination percentage, and the shoot and root length and root number of the seedlings did not differ significantly for seed originating from heat-stressed and control plants.
Alleviation of salt stress using gibberellic acid in Chinese cabbage
Authors: Jamil M. , Ashraf M. , Rha E.
Published: December 2012

Salinity reduces plant growth and yield by affecting morphological and physiological processes. To alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress various approaches involving plant hormones are used. In this study several parameters involving the measurement of cell membrane injury were used to observe whether stress tolerance could be enhanced in Chinese cabbage (B. oleracea capitataL. Chinensis group) by soaking the seeds for 10 h in distilled water (control), or in 100, 150 or 200 mg l−1gibberellic acid (GA3). The NaCl concentrations were 0 (control), 50, 100 and 150 mM. Seed treated with GA3showed increased water uptake and decreased electrolyte leakage as compared to that of distilled water-primed seeds even 24 h after soaking under control conditions. Seed priming with GA3increased the final germination and the germination rate (1/t50, where t50is the time to 50% germination) under salt stress conditions. Seed priming also alleviated the harmful effect of salt stress on cabbage in terms of fresh and dry weights. Leaf area was higher in plants raised from seeds primed with the higher GA3concentrations as compared with those raised from seeds treated with distilled water under control conditions (without NaCl) or at 50 mM NaCl stress. The chlorophyll content increased with the NaCl concentration, especially in plants grown from seeds primed with GA3. Plants grown from GA3-primed seeds also suffered lower cellular injury both under control conditions and under NaCl stress.
Sobrevida de mulheres com câncer de mama, de uma cidade no sul do Brasil
Authors: Ayala Arlene Laurenti Monterrosa
Published: December 2012

Realizou-se um estudo de coorte retrospectivo para avaliar a sobrevida de 655 mulheres com câncer de mama, atendidas no Sistema Único de Saúde, em Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Para a análise de sobrevivência aplicou-se o método estatístico de Kaplan-Meier e o modelo de Cox. A sobrevivência das mulheres segundo o estadiamento resultou ser significativamente diferente de acordo com os resultados do Teste Log-rank. A razão de risco instantâneo de morte entre os estádios I/II, I/III e I/IV foi de 3,26, 15,40 e 25,51, respectivamente. Tais achados encontram-se em consonância com os dados da literatura, e apontam que o estadiamento é uma variável que explica as disparidades na sobrevivência entre as mulheres com câncer de mama.
Perfil de morbidade de crianças hospitalizadas em um hospital público: implicações para a Enfermagem
Authors: Oliveira Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de , Viera Cláudia Silveira , Furtado Maria Cândida de Carvalho , Mello Débora Faleiros de , Lima Regina Aparecida Garcia de
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se conhecer as causas de hospitalização de crianças menores de cinco anos num hospital público no Paraná, para subsidiar as ações de enfermagem. Realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, exploratória, com análise estatística inferencial. Foram analisados 722 prontuários, no período de 2005-2009. Observou-se que menores de um ano tiveram mais hospitalizações (42%) do que os de um a cinco anos; maioria de internações do sexo masculino (65%); doenças respiratórias predominaram (56%) em relação ao conjunto das demais; tempo médio de internação de 9,4 dias para menores de um ano e 8,3 dias para menores de cinco anos; 95% tiveram alta hospitalar como desfecho. Esse perfil auxilia a direcionar o cuidado de enfermagem, incorporando os dados no planejamento, tanto na atenção básica quanto no hospital.
Prática da utilização de lancetas ou agulhas na automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio
Authors: Teixeira Carla Regina de Souza , Zanetti Maria Lucia , Landim Camila Aparecida Pinheiro , Rodrigues Flávia Fernanda Luchetti , Santos Ellen Cristina Barbosa , Becker Tânia Alves Canata , Pinto Ione Carvalho , Paula Francisco José Albuquerque
Published: December 2012

Estudo descritivo transversal que teve como objetivo conhecer o comportamento de pessoas com diabetes mellitus em relação à prática de utilização das lancetas e/ou agulhas na automonitorização da glicemia capilar no domicílio. O estudo foi realizado em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, de agosto de 2008 até julho de 2009. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevista dirigida, com 57 sujeitos. Os resultados mostraram que 41 (71,9%) pessoas reutilizavam as lancetas e/ou agulhas, na frequência de 1 a 5 vezes (52,6%). Todos os sujeitos referiram que não compartilham a mesma lanceta e/ou agulha com outras pessoas. Torna-se necessário incrementar estudos futuros para investigar os riscos e benefícios dessa prática, como também cursos de capacitação em educação em diabetes para os profissionais de saúde, visando atender à complexidade do cuidado dos usuários.
Desenvolvimento e avaliação de instrumentos de triagem nutricional
Authors: Aquino Rita de Cássia , Philippi Sonia Tucunduva
Published: December 2012

Esse estudo tem por objetivo descrever o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de instrumentos de triagem nutricional para identificação de risco de desnutrição em pacientes hospitalizados. A partir da identificação de variáveis preditivas, o paciente deve ser encaminhado à equipe multidisciplinar de terapia nutricional para intervenção. Foram estudados 300 pacientes de um hospital de São Paulo-SP, aplicada uma avaliação nutricional com levantamento de variáveis de risco e conduzida uma regressão logística múltipla para a seleção dos fatores preditivos. As variáveis associadas à desnutrição foram: perda de peso involuntária, ossatura aparente, redução de apetite, diarreia, ingestão energética inadequada e gênero masculino. Um instrumento de triagem nutricional foi desenvolvido e apresentou adequada concordância com instrumentos validados.
Seguimento da saúde da criança e a longitudinalidade do cuidado
Authors: Mello Débora Falleiros de , Furtado Maria Cândida de Carvalho , Fonseca Luciana Mara Monti , Pina Juliana Coelho
Published: December 2012

Estudo reflexivo com o objetivo de apresentar, na perspectiva da hermenêutica filosófica, elementos relevantes para o seguimento da saúde da criança em atenção primária à saúde. A assistência à saúde da criança tem como eixo norteador o processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento na infância, sendo fundamental conhecer as escolhas e tomadas de decisão das famílias, estimular a produção de narrativas, fortalecer virtudes e experiências cotidianas, contribuindo para enriquecer o cuidado e apreendê-lo numa perspectiva integradora, contingencial, longitudinal e suficientemente boa. O seguimento da criança pode ser tomado como uma tecnologia de cuidado em saúde que não pressupõe um saber a priori, mas remete a uma reconstrução de saberes e práticas com novas dimensões para a produção de cuidados.
Enfermagem e a implantação da Terapia Comunitária Integrativa na Estratégia Saúde da Família: relato de experiência
Authors: Jatai José Martins , Silva Lucilane Maria Sales da
Published: December 2012

Terapia Comunitária Integrativa (TCI) é um instrumento de cuidado que nos permite tecer redes sociais e prevenir sofrimentos psíquicos. Com este artigo, objetivou-se relatar a experiência de implantação da TCI pelo enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família, vivenciada no período de setembro de 2008 a abril de 2009, na comunidade Alto Jerusalém, em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, como parte do Curso de Formação de Terapeuta Comunitário Integrativo. O relato foi dividido em fases: sensibilização dos gestores e profissionais da saúde e estratégias de formação dos grupos. Concluímos que, como instrumento de cuidado, a TCI demonstrou atender os princípios norteadores do SUS, ensinando-nos a construir redes de apoio social, possibilitando mudanças e reconhecendo as competências de cada ator social para superação das dificuldades relatadas.
Expression of matrix metalloproteases-2 and -9 in horse hoof laminae after intestinal obstruction, with or without Hydrocortisone treatment
Authors: Laskoski Luciane Maria , Valadão Carlos Augusto Araújo , Vasconcelos Rosemeri de Oliveira , Ferrucci Danilo , Silva Juliete Aparecida Francisco , Machado Dagmar Ruth Stach , Doria Renata Gebara Sampaio , Mendonça Fabio de Sousa
Published: December 2012

Twenty horses were used in the experiment, for composed control group, (Cg) instrumented group, (Ig;without intestinal obstruction), treated group (Tg;submitted to intestinal obstruction and hydrocortisone treatment) and non-treated group (Ntg;submitted to intestinal obstruction without treatment). Immunohistochemistry and zymography techniques were used for researches on MMPs 2 and 9 in horse hoof laminae. There was an increase in the expression of MMP-2 in animals of Tg and Ntg. MMP-9 increased on animals from groups Ntg and Ig, however there was no rise of this MMP on the Tg when compared to the other groups in the immunohistochemistry analysis. Based on the results, it was observed that the intestinal injury caused by enterotomy and intestinal obstruction raise the quantities of MMPs in the hoof laminae.
Validation of persuasive messages for the promotion of physical activity among people with coronary heart disease
Authors: Mendez Roberto Della Rosa , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus , Spana Thaís Moreira , Cornélio Marília Estevam , Gallani Maria Cecília Bueno Jayme , Pérez-Nebra Amalia Raquel
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to validate the content of persuasive messages for promoting walking among patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The messages were constructed to strengthen or change patients' attitudes to walking. METHOD: the selection of persuasive arguments was based on behavioral beliefs (determinants of attitude) related to walking. The messages were constructed based in the Elaboration Likelihood Model and were submitted to content validation. RESULTS: the data was analyzed with the content validity index and by the importance which the patients attributed to the messages' persuasive arguments. Positive behavioral beliefs (i.e. positive and negative reinforcement) and self-efficacy were the appeals which the patients considered important. The messages with validation evidence will be tested in an intervention study for the promotion of the practice of physical activity among patients with CHD.
Functional independence in patients with chronic kidney disease being treated with haemodialysis¹
Authors: Oller Graziella Allana Serra Alves de Oliveira , Ribeiro Rita de Cássia Helú Mendonça , Travagim Darlene Suellen Antero , Batista Marcelo Aparecido , Marques Sueli , Kusumota Luciana
Published: December 2012

PURPOSE: This study has described and analysed the functional independence of the patients served in the haemodialysis services of a countryside town in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). METHOD: The population considered was that of 214 patients being treated with haemodialysis, assessed in 2011, by means of a social, demographic and clinical report, a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and also the FIM. RESULTS: The mean age of the population under study was 58.01 years, while the mean FIM point score was 118.38 points, showing a level of complete or modified independence within this population. Even though the level of dependence found has been low, this can be highlighted, within the locomotion domain, in the activity of going up and down stairs (10.28%). Age, complications arising from haemodialysis, and comorbidities show a negative correlation with FIM. CONCLUSION: Awareness of the level of functional independence of the patients being subjected to treatment with haemodialysis is essential in order to back up intervention for the improvement of nursing assistance provided to this population.
Central catheter dressing in a simulator: the effects of tutor's assistance or self-learning tutorial
Authors: Marmol Milene Thaís , Braga Fernanda Titareli Merizio Martins , Garbin Livia Maria , Moreli Lucimara , Santos Claudia Benedita dos , Carvalho Emilia Campos de
Published: December 2012

AIMS: to compare the performance of undergraduate students concerning semi-implanted central venous catheter dressing in a simulator, with the assistance of a tutor or of a self-learning tutorial. METHOD: Randomized controlled trial. The sample consisted of 35 undergraduate nursing students, who were divided into two groups after attending an open dialogue presentation class and watching a video. One group undertook the procedure practice with a tutor and the other with the assistance of a self-learning tutorial. RESULTS: in relation to cognitive knowledge, the two groups had lower performance in the pre-test than in the post-test. The group that received assistance from a tutor performed better in the practical assessment. CONCLUSION: the simulation undertaken with the assistance of a tutor showed to be the most effective learning strategy when compared to the simulation using a self-learning tutorial. Advances in nursing simulation technology are of upmost importance and the role of the tutor in the learning process should be highlighted, taking into consideration the role this professional plays in knowledge acquisition and in the development of critical-reflexive thoughts and attitudes. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 01614314).
Social representations of needlestick injuries
Authors: Lubenow Juliana Almeida Marques , Moura Maria Eliete Batista , Nunes Benevina Maria Vilar Teixeira , Figueiredo Maria do Livramento Fortes , Sales Luís Carlos
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVES: understand the Social Representations about needlestick injuries elaborated by Nursing Technicians and analyze how these representations influence their conducts. METHOD: the data, obtained by interviews, were processed using ALCESTE software and their analysis was based on Serge Moscovici's Social Representations Theory. RESULTS: it was evidenced that, after the accident, these professionals take care of the affected area. Then, they report the accident, motivated by the fear of catching HIV and hepatitis. The different feelings experienced are due to this fear and the way they were forwarded by the institution, reflecting in the cause they attribute to their accident. CONCLUSIONS: it was verified that knowledge about the accident as a whole is very incipient in this professional group, demanding continuing education and greater emphasis on this subject in professional training. It is expected that this study draws public authorities and health institutions' attention to the problem and that it modifies Nursing Technicians' Social Representations about percutaneous exposure.
Solidariedade e expressão jurídica: valores políticos de vereadores sobre direitos sociais
Authors: Kauchakje Samira
Published: December 2012

O artigo discute cultura política sobre direitos sociais e solidariedade, com base na pesquisa sobre valores políticos de parlamentares municipais de Curitiba. Considerou-se os direitos à saúde, educação, assistência social, trabalho, previdência social, segurança alimentar e nutricional, habitação e transferência de renda. A estratégia metodológica para identificar e interpretar valores foi: entrevista, sistematização e discussão focada em frequência e testes estatísticos e, também, análise a partir dos parâmetros da Constituição Federal de 1988 e de tipos ideais de solidariedade. Para o campo dos direitos sociais, foram elaborados os seguintes tipos de solidariedade: civil-pública; cívica-protetiva; pessoalista, benevolente; internacional e cosmopolita. Os resultados indicam que o legislativo municipal caracteriza-se por um perfil ideológico liberal e conservador e que os valores dos vereadores sofrem variação a depender da área de cada um dos direitos sociais. De forma geral, quanto se trata de transferência de renda e, em menor medida, de assistência social, os valores dos vereadores são compatíveis com a solidariedade cívica-protetiva ou beneficente; para a educação e saúde, os valores são congruentes com a solidariedade civil-pública, isto é, com maior adesão aos atuais preceitos constitucionais e de cidadania.
Tempo na ou da justiça criminal brasileira: uma discussão metodológica
Authors: Ribeiro Ludmila , Machado Igor , Silva Klarissa
Published: December 2012

A proposta deste artigo é discutir a relação entre tempo e direito a partir da problematização das metodologias empregadas no cálculo do tempo de processamento criminal. Essa discussão é importante porque, dependendo dos procedimentos empregados na construção e manuseio da base de dados (construída ou eleita para esse tipo de estudo), a medida final do tempo pode ser distinta e, por conseguinte, representar fenômenos diferenciados. Longe de evidenciar conclusões sobre qual a melhor forma de empreender esse tipo de análise ou de compreender o fenômeno do tempo da justiça, este artigo espera contribuir com o crescente interesse sobre o tema, apresentando questões e alternativas a todos aqueles que pretendem se dedicar à mensuração do processo de aplicação de normas no âmbito dos tribunais brasileiros.
Disputas faccionais, batalhas jurídicas e construções midiáticas em uma eleição municipal
Authors: Grill Igor Gastal , Reis Eliana Tavares dos
Published: December 2012

O artigo apresenta resultados parciais de uma pesquisa mais ampla sobre as eleições municipais de 2008 no Maranhão. São enfocados os seguintes aspectos da dinâmica eleitoral: 1) a relevância assumida pelas chamadas "batalhas jurídicas" nas disputas eleitorais; 2) o trabalho de construção midiática dos "casos" envolvendo possíveis "cassações" de registro de candidaturas; 3) o papel dos advogados e de escritórios de advocacia especializados no "direito eleitoral" em equipes de campanha atuantes em distintos municípios do estado; 4) os usos feitos pelos membros das facções dos processos que transcorriam na justiça eleitoral. As fontes de informação utilizadas foram entrevistas realizadas com advogados, candidatos e coordenadores de campanha, além da análise da "cobertura" realizada pelos jornais O Estado do Maranhão e Jornal Pequeno durante a campanha eleitoral.
Ensino superior e voto: análise do comportamento eleitoral da comunidade uspiana em 2010
Authors: Mignozzetti Umberto , Galdino Manoel , Felix Alexandre Landim , Cezar Irina , Sanches Maitê , Bernabel Rodolpho
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma pesquisa eleitoral realizada nos Campi da USP-Capital pelo Centro de Estudos das Negociações Internacionais (CAENI) e pelo Instituto Júnior de Pesquisas Sociais (IJPS) durante o período de campanha do segundo turno da eleição presidencial de 2010. Discutimos o processo de amostragem e a implicação de pesquisar sobre um universo de pessoas mais escolarizadas e jovens do que a população total. Mostraremos que é mais fácil isolar um comportamento prospectivo nessas condições do que em uma amostra onde o universo é a população de eleitores inteira do país.
Histogram score contributes for reliability of DNA content estimatives in Brachiaria spp
Authors: Timbó Ana Luiza de Oliveira , Pereira Roselaine Cristina , Santos Vanderley Borges dos , Souza Sobrinho Fausto , Davide Lisete Chamma
Published: December 2012

Flow cytometry allows to estimate the DNA content of a large number of plants quickly. However, inadequate protocols can compromise the reliability of these estimates leading to variations in the values of DNA content the same species. The objective of this study was to propose an efficient protocol to estimate the DNA content of Brachiaria spp. genotypes with different ploidy levels using flow cytometry. We evaluated four genotypes (B. ruziziensis diploid and artificially tetraploidized; a tetraploid B. brizantha and a natural triploid hybrid), three buffer solutions (MgSO4, Galbraith and Tris-HCl) and three species as internal reference standards (Raphanus sativus, Solanum lycopersicum e Pisum sativum). The variables measured were: histogram score (1-5), coefficient of variation and estimation of DNA content. The best combination for the analysis of Brachiaria spp. DNA content was the use of MgSO4 buffer with R. sativus as a internal reference standard. Genome sizes expressed in picograms of DNA are presented for all genotypes and the importance of the histogram score on the results reliability of DNA content analyses were discussed.
Morpho-physiological changes in pineapple plantlets [Ananas comosus (L.) merr.] during acclimatization
Authors: Villalobo Ariel , González Justo , Santos Ramón , Rodríguez Romelio
Published: December 2012

Pineapple producing countries lack good quality propagation material to expand cultivars into new areas. Previously, research protocols may increase the offer of high quality plantlets and speed the introduction of new pineapple cultivars. The present work is to evaluate the morpho-physiological changes in plantlets of pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. 'MD-2'] during the acclimatization phase. Plantlets were acclimatized under 80% relative humidity, 25.5 °C temperature and photosynthetic photon flux of 400-500 µmol m-2 s-1 as average for 45 d under natural photoperiods. All measurements (plant length, number of leaves and roots, fresh weight, width and length of leaf 'D', net photosynthesis and total transpiration rate) were carried out at the end of in vitro rooting phase coincident with 0 d of acclimatization and at 15, 30 and 45 d thereafter. Photosynthetic activity of in vitro plantlets did not increase during the first 30 d of the acclimatization phase. After 30 d, photosynthetic activity ranged from 5.72 to 9.36 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 while total transpiration ranged from 6.0 to 1.42 mmol H2O m-2 s-1. During the first 30 days there were no significant differences in number of leaves, length or width of the longest ('D') leaf (cm) or plant length (cm). However, after 45 days plant fresh weight (g), length and width of the 'D' leaf (cm) and root number all increased significantly, while transpiration (mmol H2O m-2 s-1) declined. There were small but significant decreases in chlorophyll a and b (µg g-1 mf.). Increased photosynthetic activity after 30 d shows that the increase in light intensity and the reduction of relative humidity during acclimatization did not constitute inhibitory factors.
Phosphite as phosphorus source to grain yield of common bean plants grown in soils under low or adequate phosphate availability
Authors: Ávila Fabricio William , Faquin Valdemar , Silva Douglas Ramos Guelfi , Bastos Carla Elisa Alves , Oliveira Nilma Portela , Soares Danilo Araújo
Published: December 2012

The effects of foliar and soil applied phosphite on grain yield in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) grown in a weathered soil under low and adequate phosphate availability were evaluated. In the first experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 7 + 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil P levels supplied as phosphate (40 e 200 mg P dm-3 soil), 7 soil P levels supplied as phosphite (0-100 mg P dm-3 soil), and 2 additional treatments (without P supply in soil, and all P supplied as phosphite). In the second experiment, treatments were composed of a 2 x 3 x 2 factorial scheme, with 2 soil phosphate levels (40 e 200 mg P dm-3 soil), combined with 3 nutrient sources applied via foliar sprays (potassium phosphite, potassium phosphate, and potassium chloride as a control), and 2 foliar application numbers (single and two application). Additional treatments showed that phosphite is not P source for common bean nutrition. Phosphite supply in soil increased the P content in shoot (at full physiological maturity stage) and grains, but at the same time considerably decreased grain yield, regardless of the soil phosphate availability. Foliar sprays of phosphite decreased grain yield in plants grown under low soil phosphate availability, but no effect was observed in plants grown under adequate soil phosphate availability. In general, foliar sprays of phosphate did not satisfactorily improve grain yield of the common bean plants grown under low soil phosphate availability.
Behavior of a portable solar dryer for pineapple fiber
Authors: Moya Róger , Solano Marco
Published: December 2012

In Costa Rica, there has been a growing interest to use pineapple fiber from plant, for which current processes need to be improved or new processes need to be developed, with emphasis on drying methods. This work presents the design and evaluation of the behavior of a prototype portable solar dryer in four sites of Costa Rica. The design describes the main parts of the dryer, as well as how they were constructed. The behavior was evaluated according to temperature and relative humidity inside e outside the chamber, and the influence of direct and indirect solar radiation. In order to achieve improved dryer efficiency, a dehumidifier was used to control relative humidity, and a heating system was implemented during the hours of low temperature, low solar radiation and high relative humidity. Based on drying time, final moisture content of fibers of pineapple leaves from plant, and the varying hours when fibers were put to dry, the evaluation of the dryer revealed that the best fiber-drying interval is from 6h00 to 14h00, and after that, it is convenient to inject hot air and use a dehumidifier in the dryer in order to increase its efficiency.
Poesia concreta em prosa no asfalto: limites da deficiência no espaço urbano
Authors: Castiglioni Maria do Carmo
Published: December 2012

Este artigo trata do segmento populacional urbano identificado como morador de rua, que é também pessoa com deficiência. É um contingente que pode ser considerado duplamente excluído: pela pobreza e pela deficiência, cujas consequências sociais marcam e comprometem profundamente a vida dessas pessoas. Esse contexto adverso acarreta questões que merecem aprofundamento, assim como ganhar visibilidade. A relevância do tema inspirou um arranjo de investigação que procurou conhecer, compreender e refletir sobre demandas por meio de histórias individuais entrelaçadas na história social.
Avaliação do processo de acolhimento em Saúde Mental na região centro-oeste do município de São Paulo: a relação entre CAPS e UBS em análise
Authors: Araujo Adriano Kasiorowski de , Tanaka Oswaldo Yoshimi
Published: December 2012

Este trabalho relata a experiência de avaliação do acolhimento em saúde mental na cidade de São Paulo-SP, utilizando entrevistas com trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) e duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS). Objetivou entender o acolhimento, considerando a percepção dos trabalhadores e identificando o vínculo e a articulação da rede nesse processo. Utilizou-se como método a hermenêutica filosófica, para identificar que elementos participantes do processo de acolhimento poderiam ser destacados. Procedeu-se à análise das narrativas a partir de três linhas de argumentação: vínculo, acolhimento e articulação da rede - resultando em quatro categorias: sensação de ausência; mistura de modelos; primazia em tecnologias duras; e ineficiência quanto à integralidade. A discussão apontou uma imbricação dessas categorias, colocando o investimento em tecnologias leves como centro do debate para a superação da sensação de ausência, da mistura dos modelos e para construção da integralidade do cuidado.
Histórico, tendências e perspectivas no planejamento espacial de usinas hidrelétricas brasileiras: a antiga e atual fronteira Amazônica
Authors: Moretto Evandro Mateus , Gomes Carina Sernaglia , Roquetti Daniel Rondinelli , Jordão Carolina de Oliveira
Published: December 2012

Os empreendimentos hidrelétricos são alternativas favoráveis economicamente em função do grande potencial hidrelétrico disponível no território brasileiro. Apesar de serem notórias em causar significativa degradação ambiental, conformam historicamente uma importante controvérsia do setor energético brasileiro. Orientado por esta problemática, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o histórico e as tendências do planejamento espacial de usinas hidrelétricas no Brasil, interpretando-os a partir da relação entre o potencial hidrelétrico disponível no espaço e o grau de disciplinamento do uso e ocupação do espaço no tempo. Até a década de 1970, a implantação de hidrelétricas ocorreu, relativamente, à luz de menor grau de disciplinamento de uso e ocupação do espaço, como foi o caso das hidrelétricas de Balbina e Tucuruí, as quais também induziram a primeira grande crise ambiental do setor e favoreceram a criação dos instrumentos de política ambiental, em 1981. As décadas de 1980 e 1990 são caracterizadas por um vazio de planejamento de hidrelétricas, o que é retomado a partir de 2000 em função de um ambiente econômico internacional favorável aos investimentos em infraestrutura, resultando no aumento da exploração do potencial hidrelétrico orientada especialmente para a região Amazônica. Porém, esta reorientação depara-se com um maior grau de disciplinamento do uso do espaço que acaba vinculando novas dimensões para o planejamento espacial de hidrelétricas, especialmente em regiões com alta sensibilidade socioambiental, como é o caso da Amazônica. Ainda assim, esta região é aquela que ainda detêm o maior potencial hidrelétrico a ser explorado, o que faz dela a escolhida como a fronteira hidrelétrica da década de 2010.
Redes acadêmicas para pesquisa e capacitação em meio ambiente e desenvolvimento sustentável: uma revisão crítica
Authors: Coutinho Sonia Maria Viggiani , Sampaio Carlos Alberto Cioce , Parra Oscar , Malheiros Tadeu Fabrício , Fernandes Valdir , Philippi Jr Arlindo
Published: December 2012

Tornou-se lugar comum, sobretudo em correntes ligadas aos movimentos sociais mais amplos e às questões ambientais, a crítica ao reducionismo da ciência clássica, à dinâmica de trabalho individualizado, à desconexão e à falta de integração com os problemas reais. Como resultado, cresce o número de formadores de opinião em favor de uma ciência mais integrada aos problemas reais e de um conhecimento como processo coletivo. O Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) desenvolveu um Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa existentes no Brasil, alguns destes grupos possuem modelo de rede. Com o cenário apresentado, a reflexão sobre a importância de avaliar o potencial destes grupos foi incentivada para influenciar a formulação e a implantação de políticas públicas ambientais. Foi possível identificar fatores chave para o fortalecimento da influência nas políticas públicas, destacando-se dentre estes, avanços em abordagens interdisciplinares. Porém, os grupos possuem dificuldades na utilização de ferramentas de comunicação mais eficientes para o trabalho em rede e para atingir os tomadores de decisões; no acesso a fundos e nos critérios para integrar os grupos estudados.
Pull Off test to evaluate the compressive strength of concrete: an alternative to Brazilian standard techniques
Authors: Pereira E. , Medeiros M. H. F. de
Published: December 2012

To estimate the compressive strength of concrete is necessary in many reinforced concrete structures inspection works. In Brazil, the standard tests for this purpose are: Compressive test in drilled cores, rebound hammer test and ultrasonic test. In the United States and Europe are also regulated other techniques. The aim of this paper is to analyze the use of Pull Off test as an inspection tool of concrete and also disclose the possibility of use of complementary techniques to the standard ones in Brazil. The results show that the Pull Off test results in high correlation (R²> 0.93) with the compressive strength, measured in cylindrical and prismatic specimens. The rebound hammer test did not show satisfactory correlation (R²≅0.6) for the case of cylindrical specimens. The ultrasonic test showed high correlation (R²> 0.98), but behaves differently with the shape changing of the specimens.
Carbon dioxide releases from wastewater treatment: potential use in the UK
Authors: Byrns Geoff , Wheatley Andrew , Smedley Vincent
Published: December 2012

Power consumption by the UK water industry has increased as a result of the introduction of new quality standards; the annual (2008/2009) carbon dioxide output was reported at 5·1 Mt. Biogenic output of carbon dioxide for the sector was calculated to be about 2 Mt. The strategies available to the water industry for reducing carbon footprint are increased use of renewable energy, principally anaerobic digestion, using less power and methods for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. This paper reports on work sponsored by UK Water Industry Research to examine methods for capturing and utilising carbon dioxide from wastewater treatment. The review has concluded that bioconversion and biofixation using algae and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis are the most promising methods for utilising carbon dioxide. These technologies would readily integrate into existing industry flow sheets and both increase biogas production and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.
Options for improving water supply to low-income communities in Karachi
Authors: Ahmed Noman
Published: December 2012

Low-income settlements in Karachi have faced acute water shortages during the past two decades. Different approaches were devised to address this situation by concerned stakeholders comprising area residents, water utility, local government officials, community groups, and formal and informal water vendors. Development of awami community-managed tanks was one such option. Evolved through cooperative action, philanthropic contributions and partial government subsidy, the awami tanks served as an interim water supply arrangement for several years. Earlier documentation and analysis of this format of supply adequately established this factor. A recent survey of the status of some low-income localities has shown that while awami tanks are largely abandoned, the existing service is far below the desired level. This paper examines the relevance of awami tanks in the present context of water supply arrangements. Various localities in Orangi in Karachi have been studied for water supply problems. On-site observations, focused group meetings with area residents and interviews with key respondents were the main components of fact-finding work.
Soil Drainage Class Influences on Soil Carbon in a New England Forested Watershed
Authors: Raymond Jay E. , Fernandez Ivan J. , Ohno Tsutomu , Simon Kevin
Published: December 2012

Imperfectly drained soils under forests can occupy extensive areas of the landscape and understanding how they might differ from upland forest soils can be critical for understanding soil organic carbon (SOC) across forested landscapes. Research on forest SOC across drainage gradients has been limited. This research was a case study at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM), a long‐term ecological research site, that focused on SOC pools and fluxes across three soil drainage classes (moderately well drained‐MWD, somewhat poorly drained‐SWPD, poorly drained‐PD) and two forest types (coniferous‐CF, broadleaved deciduous‐BLD). Soil respiration (RS), soil temperature, soil moisture content, and extractable soluble C were measured from May through November to assess Rsas an indicator of biological activity. The MWD mineral soil had significantly higher C concentrations(0.71 g kg−1) compared to SWPD (0.30 g kg−1) and PD (0.34 g kg−1). The MWD soils in CF had significantly greater C content (433.3 Mg C ha−1) compared to SWPD (113.95 Mg C ha−1) and PD (103.3 Mg C ha−1). Soil C concentration and content was not significantly different between SWPD and PD soils. Mean mineral soil C fraction concentrations (active, stable, passive) expressed as a percent of the total soil mass were significantly different among soil drainage classes. Results from this case study suggest that pedogenesis, above and belowground plant productivity, and moisture availability across the growing season play important roles in determining SOC dynamics in these forests.