bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scenedesnus rotundus isolated from the petroleum effluent employs alternate mechanisms of tolerance to elevated levels of Cadmium and Zinc
Authors: Shivaji Subhashini , V. L. Dronamaraju Sarada
Published: June 2019

Scenedesmus rotundus was isolated from metal contaminated petroleum industry effluent and its tolerance to Cadmium and Zinc was tested using different concentrations of CdCl2 and ZnCl2 ranging from 0.001 mM to 1.0 mM of Cd and 0.03 mM to 1.21 mM of Zn amended in Bolds Basal medium. The changes in cell count recorded at regular intervals upto a period of 24 days revealed a concentration dependent inhibition in growth. Concentration of the metal, at which 50% of the cells are live and metabolically active referred to as EC50 was calculated as 0.04 mM for Cd and 0.2 mM for Zn. Further, the effect of EC50 of the metals on the protein content, uptake of metals at varying pH, oxidative stress markers including lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation andnd oxygen uptake, levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as catalase and superoxide dismutase and non-enzymatic antioxidants namely, GSH and PC4 were determined. Though a direct correlation could not be drawn between pH and metal uptake, the compartmentalization of the metal during the lag phase and exponential phase was evident, most of the metal was present in extracellular fractions in the former, while in the later it was internalized. Our study shows a clear correlation between toxicity of Cd and the ability of the algae to synthesize PC4 from GSH and chelate it leading to detoxification, while Zn treatment led to an increase in the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase and replete GSH pools. Further the changes in the cell wall structure at EC50 of Cd and Zn were studied. This is the first report on effect of heavy metals on the structural modifications of the cell wall of Scenedesmus in general and Scenedesmus rotundus in particular, indicating appearance of granules on the entire cell surface in both Cd and Zn treatments, with the degree of granulation increasing in the order of pH 12 > 10 > 8 in Cd treatment. Further structures of higher order resembling minute wheels are observed in Cd treated cells are also reported.
Cadherin CsCad plays differential functional roles in Cry1Ab and Cry1C intoxication in Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Du Lixiao , Chen Geng , Han Lanzhi , Peng Yufa
Published: June 2019

Transgenic rice lines expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins have been successfully developed for the control of Chilo suppressalis. However, the evolution of insect resistance is a major threat to Bt rice durability. Bt toxins function by binding specific receptors in the midgut of target insects; specifically, cadherin proteins have been identified as Cry toxin receptors in diverse lepidopteran species. Here, we report the functional roles of cadherin CsCad in the midgut of C. suppressalis in Cry1Ab and Cry1C toxicity. We expressed a recombinant truncated CsCad peptide (CsCad-CR11-MPED) in Escherichia coli that included the eleventh cadherin repeat and MPED region. Based on ligand blotting and ELISA binding assays, the CsCad-CR11-MPED peptide specifically bound Cry1Ab with high affinity but weakly bound Cry1C. The CsCad-CR11-MPED peptide significantly enhanced the susceptibility of C. suppressalis larvae to Cry1Ab but not Cry1C. Furthermore, the knockdown of endogenous CsCad with Stealth siRNA reduced C. suppressalis larval susceptibility to Cry1Ab but not Cry1C, suggesting that CsCad plays differential functional roles in Cry1Ab and Cry1C intoxication in C. suppressalis. This information directly enhances our understanding of the potential resistance mechanisms of C. suppressalis against Bt toxins and may assist in the development of effective strategies for delaying insect resistance.
Retraction Note: Ultra-diluted Toxicodendron pubescens attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS- mediated neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Magar Shital , Nayak Deepika , Mahajan Umesh B. , Patil Kalpesh R. , Shinde Sachin D. , Goyal Sameer N. , Swaminarayan Shivang , Patil Chandragouda R. , Ojha Shreesh , Kundu Chanakya Nath
Published: June 2019

This paper has been retracted.
Pathological changes in the lymphatic system of patients with secondary upper limb lymphoedema
Authors: Mikami Taro , Koyama Asumi , Hashimoto Koukichi , Maegawa Jiro , Yabuki Yuichiro , Kagimoto Shintaro , Kitayama Shinya , Kaneta Tomohiro , Yasumura Kazunori , Matsubara Shinobu , Iwai Toshinori
Published: June 2019

Secondary upper limb lymphoedema is usually caused by lymphatic system dysfunction. Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical features. However, there are no distinct diagnostic criteria for lymphoedema. Although conventional lymphoscintigraphy is a useful technique to diagnose the severity of lymphoedema, the resultant data are two-dimensional. In this study, we examined the pathology of lymphoedema using single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lymphoscintigraphy (SPECT-CT LSG), a new technique that provides 3-dimensional information on lymph flow. We observed lymph flow pathways in the subcutaneous and muscle layers of the upper limbs. A significant positive correlation was found between the dermal back flow (DBF) type and the visualization of lymph nodes around the clavicle (p = 0.000266), the type of lymph flow pathways and the visualization of lymph nodes around the clavicle (p = 0.00963), and the DBF type and the lymph flow pathway (p = 0.00766). As the severity of lymphoedema increased, the DBF appeared more distally in the upper limb and the flow into the lymph nodes around the clavicle decreased, whereas the lymph flow pathways in the muscle layer became dominant. These findings demonstrate the features of lymphoedema pathology and the functional anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system without the need for cadaver dissection.
Ganglioside GQ1b ameliorates cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model, and causes reduction of amyloid precursor protein
Authors: Shin Min-Kyoo , Choi Min-Suk , Chae Hyang-Ji , Kim Ji-Won , Kim Hong-Gi , Kim Kil-Lyong
Published: June 2019

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays crucial roles in memory impairments including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous studies have reported that tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b is involved in long-term potentiation and cognitive functions as well as BDNF expression. However, in vitro and in vivo functions of GQ1b against AD has not investigated yet. Consequently, treatment of oligomeric Aβ followed by GQ1b significantly restores Aβ1–42-induced cell death through BDNF up-regulation in primary cortical neurons. Bilateral infusion of GQ1b into the hippocampus ameliorates cognitive deficits in the triple-transgenic AD mouse model (3xTg-AD). GQ1b-infused 3xTg-AD mice had substantially increased BDNF levels compared with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF)-treated 3xTg-AD mice. Interestingly, we also found that GQ1b administration into hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice reduces Aβ plaque deposition and tau phosphorylation, which correlate with APP protein reduction and phospho-GSK3β level increase, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the tetrasialoganglioside GQ1b may contribute to a potential strategy of AD treatment.
Non-neutral evolution of H3.3-encoding genes occurs without alterations in protein sequence
Authors: Muhire Brejnev M. , Booker Matthew A. , Tolstorukov Michael Y.
Published: June 2019

Histone H3.3 is a developmentally essential variant encoded by two independent genes in human (H3F3A and H3F3B). While this two-gene arrangement is evolutionarily conserved, its origins and function remain unknown. Phylogenetics, synteny and gene structure analyses of H3.3 genes from 32 metazoan genomes indicate independent evolutionary paths for H3F3A and H3F3B. While H3F3B bears similarities with H3.3 genes in distant organisms and with canonical H3 genes, H3F3A is sarcopterygian-specific and evolves under strong purifying selection. Additionally, H3F3B codon-usage preferences resemble those of broadly expressed genes and ‘cell differentiation-induced’ genes, while codon-usage of H3F3A resembles that of ‘cell proliferation-induced’ genes. We infer that H3F3B is more similar to the ancestral H3.3 gene and likely evolutionarily adapted for a broad expression pattern in diverse cellular programs, while H3F3A adapted for a subset of gene expression programs. Thus, the arrangement of two independent H3.3 genes facilitates fine-tuning of H3.3 expression across cellular programs.
Designing contrasts for rapid, simultaneous parameter quantification and flow visualization with quantitative transient-state imaging
Authors: Gómez Pedro A. , Molina-Romero Miguel , Buonincontri Guido , Menzel Marion I. , Menze Bjoern H.
Published: June 2019

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into an outstandingly versatile diagnostic modality, as it has the ability to non-invasively produce detailed information on a tissue’s structure and function. Complementary data is normally obtained in separate measurements, either as contrast-weighted images, which are fast and simple to acquire, or as quantitative parametric maps, which offer an absolute quantification of underlying biophysical effects, such as relaxation times or flow. Here, we demonstrate how to acquire and reconstruct data in a transient-state with a dual purpose: 1 – to generate contrast-weighted images that can be adjusted to emphasise clinically relevant image biomarkers; exemplified with signal modulation according to flow to obtain angiography information, and 2 – to simultaneously infer multiple quantitative parameters with a single, highly accelerated acquisition. This is achieved by introducing three novel elements: a model that accounts for flowing blood, a method for sequence design using smooth flip angle excitation patterns that incorporates both parameter encoding and signal contrast, and the reconstruction of temporally resolved contrast-weighted images. From these images we simultaneously obtain angiography projections and multiple quantitative maps. By doing so, we increase the amount of clinically relevant data without adding measurement time, creating new dimensions for biomarker exploration and adding value to MR examinations for patients and clinicians alike.
Radiological assessment of effectiveness of soluble RAGE in attenuating Angiotensin II-induced LVH mouse model using in vivo 9.4T MRI
Authors: Heo Dan , Lim Soyeon , Lee Jiye , Lee Myung Eun , Cho Soyoung , Jeong Jisu , Seo Miran , Park Sungha , Yang Jaemoon
Published: June 2019

We investigated the effectiveness of soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts (sRAGE) in attenuating angiotensin II (AngII)-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using in vivo 9.4T cine-magnetic resonance imaging (CINE-MRI). Mice were divided into four groups: AngII (n = 9), saline (n = 10), sRAGE (n = 10), and AngII + sRAGE (n = 10). CINE-MRI was performed in each group after administration of the AngII or sRAGE, and CINE-MR images were analyzed to obtain parameters indicating cardiac anatomical and functional changes including end-diastolic and end-systolic blood volume, end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial volume, ejection fraction, end-diastolic and end-systolic myocardial mass, and LV wall thickness. LVH observed in AngII group was significantly attenuated by sRAGE. These trends were also observed in histological analysis, demonstrating that cardiac function tracking using in vivo and real-time 9.4T MR imaging provides valuable information about the cardiac remodeling induced by AngII and sRAGE in an AngII-induced LV hypertrophy mice model.
Regulation of the Hepatitis B virus replication and gene expression by the multi-functional protein TARDBP
Authors: Makokha Grace Naswa , Abe-Chayama Hiromi , Chowdhury Sajeda , Hayes C. Nelson , Tsuge Masataka , Yoshima Tadahiko , Ishida Yuji , Zhang Yizhou , Uchida Takuro , Tateno Chise , Akiyama Rie , Chayama Kazuaki
Published: June 2019

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infects the liver and is a key risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of host factors that support viral replication is important to understand mechanisms of viral replication and to develop new therapeutic strategies. We identified TARDBP as a host factor that regulates HBV. Silencing or knocking out the protein in HBV infected cells severely impaired the production of viral replicative intermediates, mRNAs, proteins, and virions, whereas ectopic expression of TARDBP rescued production of these products. Mechanistically, we found that the protein binds to the HBV core promoter, as shown by chromatin precipitation as well as mutagenesis and protein-DNA interaction assays. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we also found that TARDBP binds to a number of other proteins known to support the HBV life cycle, including NPM1, PARP1, Hsp90, HNRNPC, SFPQ, PTBP1, HNRNPK, and PUF60. Interestingly, given its key role as a regulator of RNA splicing, we found that TARDBP has an inhibitory role on pregenomic RNA splicing, which might help the virus to export its non-canonical RNAs from the nucleus without being subjected to unwanted splicing, even though mRNA nuclear export is normally closely tied to RNA splicing. Taken together, our results demonstrate that TARDBP is involved in multiple steps of HBV replication via binding to both HBV DNA and RNA. The protein’s broad interactome suggests that TARDBP may function as part of a RNA-binding scaffold involved in HBV replication and that the interaction between these proteins might be a target for development of anti-HBV drugs.
Ultrafast thermal-free photoluminescence of coherently extended single quantum states
Authors: Matsuda Takuya , Ichimiya Masayoshi , Ashida Masaaki , Ishihara Hajime
Published: June 2019

The coherent volume of single quantum states of matter is typically smaller than that of photons by several orders of magnitude, and hence, interactions between photons and single quantum states are normally very weak. This limits the speed of radiative decay of matter states in free space. Recent efforts to speed-up radiative processes have been focused on creating a small mode volume of photons using cavity systems, or on realizing spontaneous synchronization among quantum emitters to create a dipole at the macroscopic scale, which accelerates photon emission up to a couple of hundred femtoseconds. Here, we demonstrate the 10-fs class of photoluminescence (PL) of a single quantum state in solid thin films without the use of a photo-cavity system or the spontaneous synchronization effect. Significantly, this speed can beat thermal dephasing of relevant excited states at room temperature, which is typically a couple of tens of femtoseconds. The process occurs due to the giant interaction volume between light waves and the multipole excitonic waves. This result indicates the possibility to realize photoemission processes that complete before the thermal dephasing process activates, which opens up the hidden potential of ubiquitous solids as thermal-free or extremely low-energy-loss photonic materials.
A comparative finite element analysis of maxillary expansion with and without midpalatal suture viscoelasticity using a representative skeletal geometry
Authors: Fuhrer R. S. , Romanyk D. L. , Carey J. P.
Published: June 2019

The goal of this investigation was to adapt and incorporate a nonlinear viscoelastic material model representative of the midpalatal suture’s viscoelastic nature into finite element analysis simulations of maxillary expansion treatment. Step-wise displacements were applied to a partial skull geometry to simulate treatment using an expansion screw appliance. Four simulation cases were considered for the midpalatal and intermaxillary sutures: 1. Neglecting suture tissue; 2. Linear elastic properties; 3. Viscoelastic properties; 4. A fused intermaxillary and viscoelastic midpalatal suture. Results from simulations indicated that removal of suture tissue and inclusion of viscoelastic properties resulted in the same maxillary displacement following 29 activations of 0.125 mm applied directly to the maxilla; however, assuming a fused intermaxillary suture significantly changed maxillary displacement patterns. Initial stress results within the suture complex were significantly influenced by the inclusion of suture viscoelasticity as compared to linear elastic properties. The presented study demonstrates successful incorporation of suture viscoelasticity into finite element analysis simulations of maxillary expansion treatment, and elucidates the appropriateness of various suture material property assumptions depending desired research outcomes.
New insights into natural variability and anthropogenic forcing of global/regional climate evolution
Authors: Wu Tongwen , Hu Aixue , Gao Feng , Zhang Jie , Meehl Gerald A.
Published: June 2019

Because of natural decadal climate variability—Atlantic multi-decadal variability (AMV) and Pacific decadal variability (PDV) —the increase of global mean surface air temperature (GMSAT) has not been monotonic although atmospheric greenhouse-gas (GHG) concentrations have been increasing continuously. It has always been a challenge regarding how to separate the effects of these two factors on GMSAT. Here, we find a physically based quasi-linear relationship between transient GMSAT and well-mixed GHG changes for both observations and model simulations. With AMV and PDV defined as the combination of variability over both the Atlantic and Pacific basins after the GHG-related trend is removed, we show that the observed GMSAT changes from 1880 to 2017 on multi-decadal or longer timescales receive contributions of about 70% from GHGs, while AMV and PDV together account for roughly 30%. Moreover, AMV contributes more to time-evolving GMSAT on multi-decadal and longer timescales, but PDV leads AMV on decadal timescales with comparable contributions to GMSAT trends.
A novel method for genetic transformation of C. albicans using modified-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as a plasmid DNA vehicle
Authors: Deshmukh Ketaki , Ramanan Sutapa Roy , Kowshik Meenal
Published: June 2019

A new method for delivery of plasmid DNA into Candida albicans using arginine–glucose–PEG functionalized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles as the vehicle which delivers pDNA with high transformation efficiency.
Simultaneous quantification of multiple endogenous biothiols in cancer cells based on a multi-signal fluorescent probe
Authors: Yin Bo , Li Sha Sha , Lu Shao Hua , Mi Jia Ying , Zhai Hong Lin
Published: June 2019

The feature information was extracted from the 3D spectrum by the TM method, and the simultaneous quantification of intracellular thiols was realized.
Bioreducible poly(urethane amine)s for robust nucleic acid transfection in stem cells
Authors: Ye Ying , Jin Rong , Hu Xiaoxin , Zhuang Juhua , Xia Wei , Lin Chao
Published: June 2019

Bioreducible poly(urethane amine)s can be designed and optimized for highly efficient delivery in vitro of DNA or SiRNA into adult or embryonic stem cells with low cytotoxicity.
Palladium catalyzed regioselective elimination–hydrocarbonylation of propargylic alcohols
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Jia Minqiang , Zhang Wanli , Ma Shengming
Published: June 2019

Substituted 2-aryl-1,3-alkadien-2-yl carboxylic acids were formed from readily available propargylic alcohols via a dehydration–carboxylation process.
Self-delivery of N-hydroxylethyl peptide assemblies to the cytosol inducing endoplasmic reticulum dilation in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Shijin , Hu Xunwu , Mang Dingze , Sasaki Toshio , Zhang Ye
Published: June 2019

Inspired by clinical studies on alcohol abuse induced endoplasmic reticulum disruption, we designed a N-hydroxylethyl peptide assembly to regulate the ER stress response in cancer cells.
Intramolecular nitration–aminocarbonylation of unactivated olefins: metal-free synthesis of γ-lactams
Authors: Chen Dong , Ji Meishan , Zhu Chen
Published: June 2019

A novel, metal-free synthesis of valuable γ-lactams through the radical-mediated nitration–aminocarbonylation of unactivated olefins is reported.
A heavy metal-free CuInS2 quantum dot sensitized NiO photocathode with a Re molecular catalyst for photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Jing , Xu Bo , Tian Lei , Pati Palas Baran , Etman Ahmed S. , Sun Junliang , Hammarström Leif , Tian Haining
Published: June 2019

Heavy metal-free CuInS2 QDs as a photosensitizer and a Re molecular catalyst have been successfully employed to co-sensitize a NiO photocathode for CO2 reduction into CO.
Dependence of the structure and orientation of VSS grown Si nanowires on an epitaxy process
Authors: Chiang Yi-Ting , Chou Yi , Huang Chang-Hsun , Lin Wei-Ting , Chou Yi-Chia
Published: June 2019

We investigated the vapor–solid–solid growth of Si nanowires from Ni silicides on Si(111), Si(110), and GaN substrates.
Tunable color emission based on the activator shell thickness of multilayer core–shell nanoparticles under double NIR excitation
Authors: Ba Zhaojing , Zheng Yuansuo , Hu Min , Fu Lei , He Yida , Wang Jing , Zhang Zhenxi
Published: June 2019

Rare earth luminescent nanomaterials are hot topic due to their unique fluorescence properties. Effective spectral regulation could be achieved by adjusting the coating thickness to affect the energy transfer process in core–shell structure.
Ultrahigh binding affinity of a hydrocarbon guest inside cucurbit[7]uril enhanced by strong host–guest charge matching
Authors: Lambert Hugues , Mohan Neetha , Lee Tung-Chun
Published: June 2019

Electrostatic interactions as a strong driving force for neutral apolar host–guest complexation is revealed via a large-scale computational approach.
Cation pair formation in copper and palladium exchanged MFI zeolite frameworks – a theoretical study
Authors: Uzunova Ellie L.
Published: June 2019

[Pd–O–Pd]2+ as a mediator in proton transfer from Brønsted acid sites to reactants; [Cu–OH–Cu]2+ stabilized by hydrogen bonds to framework oxygen.
BiSbS3@N-doped carbon core–shell nanorods as efficient anode materials for sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Wen Siying , Zhao Jiachang , Chen Jiajun , Yang Jingxia , Xu Jingli
Published: June 2019

BiSbS3@N-doped carbon (NC) core–shell nanorods were prepared through a simple preparation process.
The synthesis and magnetic properties of a linear mixed-valence [Ni3]5+ in an anthyridine tri-nickel complex
Authors: Hsieh Chang-Lin , Liu Tsai-Jung , Song You , Lee Gene-Hsiang , Jin Bih-Yaw , Lin Tien-Sung , Peng Shie-Ming
Published: June 2019

A novel trinuclear complex [Ni3(μ3-dbay)4Cl2]I3 (1) with a mixed-valence state was prepared by reacting the tridentate ligand 1,13,14-triaza-dibenz[a,j]anthracene (dibenzanthyridine = dbay) with anhydrous NiCl2 and sodium tetraphenylborate.
Correction: Responses of deposition and bioaccumulation in the Great Lakes region to policy and other large-scale drivers of mercury emissions
Authors: Perlinger J. A. , Urban N. R. , Giang A. , Selin N. E. , Hendricks A. N. , Zhang H. , Kumar A. , Wu S. , Gagnon V. S. , Gorman H. S. , Norman E. S.
Published: June 2019

Correction for ‘Responses of deposition and bioaccumulation in the Great Lakes region to policy and other large-scale drivers of mercury emissions’ by J. A. Perlinger et al., Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts, 2018, 20, 195–209.
Delivery, uptake, fate, and transport of engineered nanoparticles in plants: a critical review and data analysis
Authors: Su Yiming , Ashworth Vanessa , Kim Caroline , Adeleye Adeyemi S. , Rolshausen Philippe , Roper Caroline , White Jason , Jassby David
Published: June 2019

The increasing demand for food coupled to various environmental pressures, is increasing the importance of sustainable agricultural practices.
Assessment of photo-modulation, nutrient-use efficiency and toxicity of iron nanoparticles inVigna radiata
Authors: Pradhan Saheli , Barik Samarendra , Goswami Arunava
Published: June 2019

Iron nanoparticles modulate photosynthesis without disturbing anti-oxidative profiling in mung bean plants; hence they could be used as a plant micronutrient.
Towards measuring reactivity on micro-to-millisecond timescales with laser pump, NMR probe spectroscopy
Authors: Halse Meghan E. , Procacci Barbara , Perutz Robin N. , Duckett Simon B.
Published: June 2019

We present a quantitative analysis of the timescales of reactivity that are accessible to a laser pump, NMR probe spectroscopy method using para-hydrogen induced polarisation (PHIP) and identify three kinetic regimes: fast, intermediate and slow.
A nanochannel through a plasmonic antenna gap: an integrated device for single particle counting
Authors: Fernandez-Cuesta Irene , West Melanie Maputol , Montinaro Enrica , Schwartzberg Adam , Cabrini Stefano
Published: June 2019

A gold bowtie nanoantenna integrated with a 30 nm × 30 nm nanochannel for single particle detection and counting in real time.
Synthesis of bicyclic 1,4-thiazepines as novel anti-Trypanosoma brucei brucei agents
Authors: Vairoletti Franco , Medeiros Andrea , Fontán Pablo , Meléndrez Jennifer , Tabárez Carlos , Salinas Gustavo , Franco Jaime , Comini Marcelo A. , Saldaña Jenny , Jancik Vojtech , Mahler Graciela , Saiz Cecilia
Published: June 2019

Bicyclic thiazolidinyl-1,4-thiazepines were prepared and evaluated as potential antiparasitic agents. We found thiazepines with low micromolar EC50 against T. b. brucei and high selectivity index.
Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application
Authors: Ischia Joseph , Bolton Damien M , Patel Oneel
Published: June 2019

Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
Multiscale atomistic simulation of metal nanoparticles under working conditions
Authors: Du Jifeng , Meng Jun , Li Xiao-Yan , Zhu Beien , Gao Yi
Published: June 2019

Recent theoretical advances in simulating the structural evolution of metal/alloy nanoparticles under working conditions are reviewed, coupled with the qualitative comparison to the experiments and a brief introduction of MOSP software.
Ultrafine Co2P nanorods wrapped by graphene enable a long cycle life performance for a hybrid potassium-ion capacitor
Authors: Wang Yixuan , Zhang Zhongyu , Wang Guangxia , Yang Xinyi , Sui Yongming , Du Fei , Zou Bo
Published: June 2019

A U-Co2P@rGO-14 nanocomposite has been successfully prepared as a novel anode material for PIBs with an extremely long lifespan.
Comparative evaluation of 99mTc-MBIP-X/11[C] MBMP for visualization of 18 kDa translocator protein
Authors: Srivastava Pooja , Kumari Neelam , Kakkar Dipti , Kaul Ankur , Kumar Pravir , Tiwari Anjani K.
Published: June 2019

An elevated translocator protein (18 kDa, TSPO) density is observed during inflammation in the brain and peripheral organs making it a viable target for imaging.
Influence of the channel size of isostructural 3d–4f MOFs on the catalytic aerobic oxidation of cycloalkenes
Authors: Cancino Patricio , Santibañez Luis , Stevens Christian , Fuentealba Pablo , Audebrand Nathalie , Aravena Daniel , Torres Julia , Martinez Sebastian , Kremer Carlos , Spodine Evgenia
Published: June 2019

The present work reports a new group of heterogeneous catalysts with a 3D structure, CuLnIDA, {[Cu3Ln2(IDA)6]·8H2O} (Ln: LaIII, GdIII or YbIII), with an organic linker (H2IDA: iminodiacetic acid).
DFT simulations to clarify the molecular origin of magnetoelectric coupling in R3c materials based on Fe
Authors: Lacerda Luis Henrique da Silveira , de Lazaro Sergio R.
Published: June 2019

Multiferroic materials are characterized by the existence of ferroic properties coupled in a single crystalline phase and represent great promise for the development of spintronics devices.
Strong interfacial coupling through exchange interactions in soft/hard core–shell nanoparticles as a function of cationic distribution
Authors: Sartori Kevin , Cotin Geoffrey , Bouillet Corinne , Halté Valérie , Bégin-Colin Sylvie , Choueikani Fadi , Pichon Benoit P.
Published: June 2019

Exchange coupled core–shell nanoparticles present high potential to tune adequately the magnetic properties for specific applications such as nanomedicine or spintronics.
Interlayer excitons in bilayer MoS2 under uniaxial tensile strain
Authors: Niehues Iris , Blob Anna , Stiehm Torsten , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Bratschitsch Rudolf
Published: June 2019

Evidence of the interlayer exciton transition at the K point in bilayer MoS2 through tensile strain.
Heterostructured SnS/TiO2@C hollow nanospheres for superior lithium and sodium storage
Authors: Zhang Yan , Su Hang , Wang Canpei , Yang Dingcheng , Li Yongsheng , Zhang Wenbo , Wang Hongqiang , Zhang Jianmin , Li Dan
Published: June 2019

Hollow SnS/TiO2@C nanospheres with high-performance originating from the built-in electric field introduced by SnS/TiO2 heterostructures for fast ion diffusion.
Oxygen vacancy-engineered Fe2O3nanoarrays as free-standing electrodes for flexible asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Han Fenfen , Xu Jia , Zhou Jie , Tang Jian , Tang Weihua
Published: June 2019

Oxygen vacancies and N-doping boost the charge storage performance of Fe2O3nanoarrays.
Convenient one-pot access to 2H-3-nitrothiochromenes from 2-bromobenzaldehydes, sodium sulfide and β-nitrostyrenes
Authors: Le Thi Thu Huong , Youhei Chitose , Le Quy Hien , Nguyen Thanh Binh , Mac Dinh Hung
Published: June 2019

2H-Thiochromene derivatives have been synthesized using readily available and inexpensive substrates with high functional group tolerance.
Asymmetric kinetic resolution of sulfides for the construction of unsymmetric sulfides and chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles
Authors: Wang Kaiye , Xiang Yanan , Shi Zhujun , Wang Hongyu , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: June 2019

An efficient method for preparing unsymmetric disulfides using para-quinone methides derived from isatins was developed. In addition, chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles were also obtained with high selectivities via asymmetric kinetic resolution.
Chiral zeolite beta: structure, synthesis, and application
Authors: Lu Tingting , Yan Wenfu , Xu Ruren
Published: June 2019

Pure polymorph-A of zeolite beta with chiral pore structure has potential applications in asymmetric catalysis and chiral separations.
Electronic structures and elastic properties of a family of metal-free perovskites
Authors: Li Kai , Dong Li-Yuan , Xu Hao-Xiang , Qin Yan , Li Zhi-Gang , Azeem Muhammad , Li Wei , Bu Xian-He
Published: June 2019

The fundamental electronic structures and elastic properties of a family of metal-free perovskites were systematically investigated using a combined theoretical-experimental approach.
Biomolecule-assisted synthesis and functionality of metal nanoclusters for biological sensing: a review
Authors: Wang Baojuan , Zhao Ming , Mehdi Mujahid , Wang Guangfeng , Gao Peng , Zhang Ke-Qin
Published: June 2019

Schematic representation of the synthesis of biomolecule-assisted metal nanoclusters for biological sensing applications.
Metal–organic framework derived hierarchical Ni/Ni3S2 decorated carbon nanofibers for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Tian Di , Chen Sihui , Zhu Wendong , Wang Ce , Lu Xiaofeng
Published: June 2019

Metal–organic framework derived hierarchical Ni/Ni3S2 decorated carbon nanofibers were designed for high-performance asymmetric supercapacitors.
Construction of pyrazolone analogues via rhodium-catalyzed C–H activation from pyrazolones and non-activated free allyl alcohols
Authors: Sun Jun-Shu , Wang Ying-Ying , Liu Man , Zhang Jing , Liu Chen-Fei , Xu Yan-Jun , Dong Lin
Published: June 2019

Highly efficient rhodium(iii) catalysis was developed for obtaining structurally divergent pyrazolone analogues from pyrazolones and non-activated free allyl alcohols.
A pincer ligand enabled ruthenium catalyzed highly selective N-monomethylation of nitroarenes with methanol as the C1 source
Authors: Zhang Shaochun , Ibrahim Jessica Juweriah , Yang Yong
Published: June 2019

A straightforward and highly selective N-monomethylation of nitroarenes with methanol as the C1 source was developed.
Synthesis of multivalent S-glycoside analogs of a heparan sulfate sequence
Authors: Koffi Teki Dindet Steve-Evanes , Bil Abed , Moreau Vincent , Chagnault Vincent , Fanté Bamba , Adjou Ané , Kovensky José
Published: June 2019

In this article, we report on the synthesis of new glycoclusters with thiodisaccharide units, S-analogs of heparan sulfate.
The logic of translating chemical knowledge into machine-processable forms: a modern playground for physical-organic chemistry
Authors: Molga Karol , Gajewska Ewa P. , Szymkuć Sara , Grzybowski Bartosz A.
Published: June 2019

With renewed interest and significant progress in computer-assisted synthetic planning, it is essential to codify the logic that should be followed when translating organic synthetic knowledge into reaction rules understandable to the machine.
Mesoscale triphasic flow reactors for metal catalyzed gas–liquid reactions
Authors: Karan Dogancan , Khan Saif A.
Published: June 2019

Design and operation of a mesoscale triphasic reactor for flow hydrogenations, capable of delivering kg per day productivity from a single channel.
Conformational diversity induces nanosecond-timescale chemical disorder in the HIV-1 protease reaction pathway
Authors: Calixto Ana Rita , Ramos Maria João , Fernandes Pedro Alexandrino
Published: June 2019

One enzyme, one substrate, but two different reaction mechanisms: HIV-1 protease follows different reaction mechanisms depending on its instantaneous conformation.
Enhanced three-photon activity triggered by the AIE behaviour of a novel terpyridine-based Zn(ii) complex bearing a thiophene bridge
Authors: Feng Zhihui , Li Dandan , Zhang Mingzhu , Shao Tao , Shen Yu , Tian Xiaohe , Zhang Qiong , Li Shengli , Wu Jieying , Tian Yupeng
Published: June 2019

The complex DZ1 displayed enhanced three-photon absorption activity and could avoid light-quenching and light-bleaching effectively due to its aggregation-induced emission feature.
Electronic transitions of molecules: vibrating Lewis structures
Authors: Liu Yu , Kilby Philip , Frankcombe Terry J. , Schmidt Timothy W.
Published: June 2019

A partitioning of the wavefunction into tiles allows electronic excitations to be viewed as electron vibrations.
Practical, metal-free remote heteroarylation of amides via unactivated C(sp3)–H bond functionalization
Authors: Tang Nana , Wu Xinxin , Zhu Chen
Published: June 2019

A simple and practical approach for the regioselective heteroarylation of amides via unactivated C(sp3)–H bond functionalization is described.
Rapid desorption of CO2 from deep eutectic solvents based on polyamines at lower temperatures: an alternative technology with industrial potential
Authors: Mukesh Chandrakant , Khokarale Santosh Govind , Virtanen Pasi , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka
Published: June 2019

Environment friendly and thermally stable deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on polyamines with low price, low solvent loss and oxidatively non-degradable characteristic for reversible CO2 capture.
MOF-positioned polyamide membranes with a fishnet-like structure for elevated nanofiltration performance
Authors: Zhu Junyong , Hou Jingwei , Yuan Shushan , Zhao Yan , Li Yi , Zhang Ruijun , Tian Miaomiao , Li Jian , Wang Jing , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: June 2019

Fabrication of MOF functionalized PA membranes with crumpled fishnet-like structures used for nanofiltration with rapid water transport and superior mono/divalent salt selectivity.
Pt-like hydrogen evolution on a V2O5/Ni(OH)2 electrocatalyst
Authors: Meena Abhishek , Ha Miran , Chandrasekaran S. Selva , Sultan Siraj , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Harzandi Ahmad M. , Singh Bhupendra , Tiwari Jitendra N. , Kim Kwang S.
Published: June 2019

We report a highly efficient and cost-effective binder-free catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) using V2O5 particles on nickel foam (NF) (V2O5/Ni(OH)2@NF).
A dual-emissive MOF for the simultaneous detection of tetrachlorobenzoquinone isomers in their mixtures
Authors: Du Xiao-Meng , Wang Qian , Liu Qiao , Ning Di , Zhao Bo , Li Yue , Ruan Wen-Juan
Published: June 2019

A dual-emissive MOF sensor with different fluorescence response modes to the two tetrachlorobenzoquinone isomers is applicable to analyze their mixtures.
Anti-diabetic study of vitamin B6 on hyperglycaemia induced protein carbonylation, DNA damage and ROS production in alloxan induced diabetic rats
Authors: Abdullah K. M. , Abul Qais Faizan , Hasan Hamza , Naseem Imrana
Published: June 2019

Study of nutraceutical and food supplements especially vitamins against diabetes.
Protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice
Authors: Fu Shuiqiao , Lu Weina , Yu Wenqiao , Hu Jun
Published: June 2019

Background: To study the protective effect of Cordyceps sinensis extract (Dong Chong Xia Cao in Chinese [DCXC]) on experimental acute lung injury (ALI) mice.

Methods and results: ALI model was induced by intratracheal-instilled lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2.4 mg/kg) in BALB/c male mice. The mice were administrated DCXC (ig, 10, 30, 60 mg/kg) in 4 and 8 h after receiving LPS. Histopathological section, wet/dry lung weight ratio and myeloperoxidase activity were detected. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for cell count, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) in BALF was detected by ELISA, the protein and mRNA expression of nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lung tissue was detected by Western blot and RT-PCR. The result showed that DCXC could reduce the degree of histopathological injury, wet/dry weight ratio (W/D ratio) and myeloperoxidase activity (P<0.05) with a dose-dependent manner. The increased number of total cells, neutrophils and macrophages in BALF were significantly inhibited by DCXC treatment (P<0.05). The increased levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and NO in BALF after LPS administration was significantly reduced by DCXC (P<0.05). In addition, the increased protein and mRNA levels of iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB p65 DNA binding ability in LPS group were dose-dependently reduced by DCXC treatment (P<0.05).

Conclusion: DCXC could play an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect on LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in lung. The result showed that DCXC has a potential protective effect on the ALI.
Adaptation processes that build CRISPR immunity: creative destruction, updated
Authors: Lau Chun H. , Reeves Ryan , Bolt Edward L.
Published: June 2019

Prokaryotes can defend themselves against invading mobile genetic elements (MGEs) by acquiring immune memory against them. The memory is a DNA database located at specific chromosomal sites called CRISPRs (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) that store fragments of MGE DNA. These are utilised to target and destroy returning MGEs, preventing re-infection. The effectiveness of CRISPR-based immune defence depends on ‘adaptation’ reactions that capture and integrate MGE DNA fragments into CRISPRs. This provides the means for immunity to be delivered against MGEs in ‘interference’ reactions. Adaptation and interference are catalysed by Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins, aided by enzymes well known for other roles in cells. We survey the molecular biology of CRISPR adaptation, highlighting entirely new developments that may help us to understand how MGE DNA is captured. We focus on processes in Escherichia coli, punctuated with reference to other prokaryotes that illustrate how common requirements for adaptation, DNA capture and integration, can be achieved in different ways. We also comment on how CRISPR adaptation enzymes, and their antecedents, can be utilised for biotechnology.
Does Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Benefit Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy?
Authors: Langmore Susan E.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

This article is a review of the evidence for using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) as a treatment for dysphagia when given to head and neck cancer patients with dysphagia secondary to radiation therapy.

Method

The rationale for using NMES for dysphagia in this population will be summarized. Recent studies will then be reviewed for evidence of efficacy of NMES when given to patients post–radiation therapy or during radiation therapy.

Conclusion

Evidence to date suggests no benefit from electrical stimulation when used therapeutically postradiotherapy. There are too few studies to date that have looked at NMES during radiotherapy to make any conclusions. Further studies are warranted.
Sparsity‐based adaptive line enhancer for passive sonars
Authors: Hao Yu , Chi Cheng , Qiu Longhao , Liang Guolong
Published: June 2019

Adaptive line enhancers (ALEs) have been widely used in passive sonars for enhancing narrowband discrete components (known simply as lines or tonals) radiated by surface or underwater targets. Unfortunately, the performance of the conventional ALE based on the least‐mean‐square (LMS) adaptive algorithm is limited by the high steady‐state misadjustment, which limits the output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the conventional ALE. To break through the limit of the conventional ALE, this study proposes a sparsity‐based ALE (SALE). The SALE takes into account the frequency‐domain sparsity of narrowband discrete components and realises the adaption in the frequency domain. A ‐norm sparse penalty is incorporated into authors’ frequency‐domain adaption to reduce the misadjustment dramatically. The simulations show that the SNR gain of the SALE is 6.3 dB higher than that of the conventional ALE. The results of processing the real data collected in the sea trial also demonstrate that authors’ proposed SALE outperforms the conventional ALE. To reduce the computational complexity of the SALE, a fast SALE (FSALE) is also proposed. In authors’ setup, the computational complexity of the FSALE is one order of magnitude lower than that of the SALE, with comparable SNR performance.
Optimal segmented rotor design for the embedded electrical machine for the more electric aircraft
Authors: Loh Jenn Yen , Prabhu Mathivanan Anand , Wang Shuai , Joshi Sunil Chandrakant , Viswanathan Vaiyapuri , Ramakrishna Shanmukha
Published: June 2019

This study presents the design and analysis of the segmented rotor design for an electrical machine embedded onto the more electric aircraft gas turbine engine shaft. The high‐speed operational environment imposes high stress levels due to centrifugal forces; thus, the feasibility of this segmented rotor topology for such application is explored and a suitable design is proposed to overcome mechanical stresses. Finite element structural analysis was performed to compare the mechanical behaviour of a different rotor segment fixing structure and the proposed design. Also, electromagnetic analysis is carried out on a high‐speed switched reluctance machine to study the impact of a new design on machine electromagnetic performance.
Comparative study of inner and outer rotor bearingless synchronous reluctance motors
Authors: Mukherjee Victor , Sokolov Maxim , Pippuri Jenni , Hinkkanen Marko , Belahcen Anouar
Published: June 2019

In this study, the authors presented a systematic design procedure of outer rotor bearingless synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM). The proposed motor is compared with an already prototyped inner rotor bearingless SynRM at different operation points. It has been shown that a properly designed outer rotor SynRM can produce higher levitation forces than the inner rotor counterpart. The inner rotor motor produces higher torque and eccentric forces than the outer rotor motor.
Sub‐assembly experiments to determine PWM supply‐induced losses in electric machines
Authors: Godbehere Jonathan , Hopkins Andrew , Drury David , Mellor Phil
Published: June 2019

This paper presents a low‐cost approach to experimentally characterise the effect of the inverter supply on the losses in an electrical machine. The set‐up comprises of representative subassemblies of the stator and winding, referred to as ‘motorettes’, and a single phase, fast switching silicon‐carbide‐based converter. The sub‐assembly‐based thermal analysis has been shown to be a time and cost‐effective method to examine winding loss, over a range of operating conditions. In addition to the slot to stator thermal resistance and capacitance. This provides critical information for thermal model calibration and produces more accurate thermal and loss predictions of the full machine behaviour. A test arrangement has been devised to replicate the magnetic excitation of the electrical machine stator during normal operation. This builds upon previous techniques, to allow iron loss to be investigated. Through multiple tests using DC, AC, and PWM‐AC supplies, a 20% increase in iron loss is observed due to PWM effects.
Analysis of DC offset in fault current caused by machines in a medium voltage distribution network
Authors: Bashar Erfan , Han Qin , Wu Ruizhu , Ran Li , Alatise Olayiwola , Jupe Samuel
Published: June 2019

This study presents a study on the time when the short‐circuit fault current in an MV distribution network will cross the zero point in the presence of DC offset affected by the local synchronous and/or induction machines. The motivation of the study is to examine using thyristors to bypass a series compensator in the network while the subsequent turning‐off of the thyristors depends on the zero‐crossing of the current. One of the main uncertainties is the DC offset in the fault current due to the machines connected locally, which may defer the thyristor turning‐off. This possibility has been examined in this study and the results demonstrate the parameters of the machines that have most influence on the time when the fault current will pass the zero point. It is shown that machines with higher unit ratings usually cause more delays in comparison with smaller units.