bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kısmet İçin Rüyaya Yatmak: Alata Kolotisi Hakkında
Authors: HAZNEDAROĞLU Aslıhan
Published: September 2021

Çalışmada alata kolotisi geleneği çeşitli yönleriyle konu edilmektedir. Alata kolotisi, Doğu Karadeniz’in özellikle Rize, Artvin, Trabzon ve Giresun bölgelerinde uygulanagelen eski bir “rüyaya yatma” geleneğidir. Evlilik çağına gelen gençler alata kolotisi geleneğini uygulayarak gelecekteki eşlerini rüyalarında görmeyi umarlar. Bugün büyük ölçüde yaşlı kuşağın anılarına karışmış olan bu eski gelenek, halkın kader anlayışıyla yakından ilişkilidir ve kadın merkezli bir uygulama olarak sosyal yapı hakkında önemli ipuçları sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde halk kültüründe rüyanın önemi ve rüyaya yatma olgusu ile evlilik konulu rüyaya yatma uygulamaları hakkında genel bilgiler verilmiş ve Rize’deki uygulamalara dikkat çekilmiştir. İkinci bölümde alata kolotisi geleneği tanımlanarak uygulama örneklerine yer verilmiş, ayrıca alata kolotisinin “ana siftesi, yedi fahtiden odun çalmak, tek nikâhlı olmak” gibi temel motifleri halk kültürünün önemli ögeleri olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde alata kolotisi dinî ve sosyal yönleriyle; bir inanç konusu ve istihare ile birleşen bir gelenek olarak ele alınmış, geleneğin bir sosyalleşme edimi ve kadın merkezli bir uygulama olması hususuna değinilmiştir.
The Shapley Value of Tuples in Query Answering
Authors: Livshits Ester , Bertossi Leopoldo , Kimelfeld Benny , Sebag Moshe
Published: September 2021

We investigate the application of the Shapley value to quantifying the
contribution of a tuple to a query answer. The Shapley value is a widely known
numerical measure in cooperative game theory and in many applications of game
theory for assessing the contribution of a player to a coalition game. It has
been established already in the 1950s, and is theoretically justified by being
the very single wealth-distribution measure that satisfies some natural axioms.
While this value has been investigated in several areas, it received little
attention in data management. We study this measure in the context of
conjunctive and aggregate queries by defining corresponding coalition games. We
provide algorithmic and complexity-theoretic results on the computation of
Shapley-based contributions to query answers; and for the hard cases we present
approximation algorithms.
Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Its Driving Factors Under Different Land-Use Patterns in Semiarid Grasslands of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Jianping , Zhang Yi , Wang Yutao , Zhang Juan , Luo Xu , Zhang Ru
Published: September 2021

Fencing for grazing exclusion and grazing are common land-use methods in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau in China, which have been widely found to change grassland soil organic carbon (SOC); however empirical studies that evaluated driving factors of soil carbon (C) stocks under the different land use are still weak. In this study, we investigated soil physicochemical and soil respiration (Rs) in the fenced and grazed grassland, to study the soil C stock variations and the main driving mechanism of soil C accumulation. The results showed that bulk density (BD), soil moisture content (SMC), and soil porosity (SP) had no significant difference between fenced and grazed grassland. Fencing increased the SOC, total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio, and significantly increased the aboveground biomass (AGB), belowground biomass (BGB), and the amount of soil large macro-aggregates in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm), and the soil stability was improved. Meanwhile, grazing increased soil temperature (ST) and Rs. The soil C stock in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm) of fenced grassland was significantly higher than that of grazed grassland. The soil C/N ratio, BD, and MWD explained large proportions of the variations in soil C stocks. Our results indicate that fencing can improve the stability of soil structure, and reduce Rs, then increase soil C stocks, which is an effective way to improve soil C stocks of grassland ecological in semi-arid areas of northwest China.
Species Diversity, Soil Nutrients Dynamics and Regeneration Status of Sal (Shorea robusta) Forests in Western Himalayan Region of India
Authors: . Akash , Zakir M. , . Navneet , Bhandari B. S.
Published: September 2021

Sal (Shorea robusta) forest is found in an extensive array of conditions in Western Himalaya. It has been heavily used for commercial purposes. Thus, we did a study to gather the information on sal forests occupying a broad range of the Rajaji Tiger Reserve which spans across an extensive range in the Western Himalaya. We tested the species diversity, soil nutrients status, and regeneration potential of the Sal forest. Vegetation was sampled in 10 transects zone of 20×20 m2 plots covering an area of 10.0 ha area. Trees, saplings, seedlings, shrubs, and herbs were sampled along the transects in the Chilla forest division of the tiger reserve. Samplings were done every 200 m along the transect with the help of the Nested quadrat method. Altogether 64 species were recorded: 24 trees, 12 shrubs, and 28 herbs. Environmental variables like pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorous, and soil texture were also recorded to observe the effects of these environmental variables into diversity attributes. The Shannon Weiner index for trees was 1.350, for saplings 1.774, for seedlings 1.679. For shrub species, it was1.96. The Shannon Weiner index for herbaceous species in the rainy season was 2.8, in winter it was 2.36 whereas in summer it was 2.46. We concluded that the management of sal has enhanced the diversity and soil nutrients dynamics in the study area. Sal diversity also has enhanced the growth of co-dominant species like Mallotus philippensis, Aegle marmelos, Listea chinensis, Naringi crenulata, Ehretia laevis, Cassia fistula, etc. in the study area. Although we did not find any seedlings of the sal during the present study, the regeneration potential of sal forest increasing with a greater number of associated species provide a favorable environment for sal species.
Real-Time Fine-Scale Measurement of Water Quality Parameters Along the Bagmati River in the Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Adhikari M. P. , Rawal N. B. , Adhikari N. B.
Published: September 2021

Real-time fine-scale data was collected along the Bagmati River, in Kathmandu Valley, using mobile and fixed sensor system during the winter season. The water quality parameters; pH, conductivity, total dissolved salt (TDS), salinity, oxygen reduction potential (ORP), dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity were measured in the space domain using a fixed sensor and mobile sensor (small rafting boat loaded with sensor) systems. The water quality parameters from the fixed sensor system revealed that the Bagmati River was comparatively less polluted upstream from Gokarna to Tilganga sites and molecular oxygen present in the water was enough to decompose organic pollutants. However, the water quality downstream from Tinkune to Balkhu sites was degraded drastically making it unfit for living organisms. Temporal variation of water quality attributes that human activity significantly enhanced pollutants which severely degraded the water quality in the daytime. The fine-scale space domain heat map data of the mobile sensor system also suggested that the water quality continuously deteriorated from Shankhamul to Sundarighat sites. The ORP value was always negative and decreased with downflow and becomes -263 mV near the Sundarighat Bridge. The mixing of tributaries and increment of solid waste and untreated sewer along the river enhanced pollutants excessively and decreased oxygen level to zero. The results attributed that decomposition of the sewer by microorganism consumed almost all oxygen which produced volatile compounds and generated malodorous odor downstream of Bagmati River.
Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation of Textile Industry Wastewater by RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 Coated Titanium Electrodes
Authors: Rathinam R. , Govindaraj M.
Published: September 2021

Photoelectrocatalytic Oxidation (PECO) system prominently increases the migration of photoexcited charges, hinders the fast recombination of electron-hole, and increases the period of photogenerated holes. In this article, we constructed a novel PECO system to degrade textile industry wastewater by RuO2/IrO2/TaO2 coated titanium electrodes. The result shows that PECO treatment can effectively reduce the color and true color of the secondary pollutants present in the wastewater. It is confirmed that a synergistic effect exists between photocatalysis (PC) and electrocatalysis (EC). Moreover, we discussed the influence of pH, current density, electrolyte concentration, and stirring speed. The maximum decolorization efficiency of textile industry wastewater with a pH of 8.2 was found to be 96% under the optimum condition stirrer speed of 200 rpm, an electrolyte concentration of 0.05M, a current density of 15 mA.cm-2, and at a treatment time of 30 mins. The UV-Visible spectra confirm the degradation of textile industry wastewater.
Reliable and Sophisticated Techniques to Evaluate LDPE Degraded Compounds by Streptomyces werraensis SDJM
Authors: Deepika N. , Jaya Madhuri R.
Published: September 2021

The modern world in the present era made life miserable due to extensive usage of plastic. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is widely consumed in every part of the world starting from baby products to garbage bags. Humans and animals are affected due to the usage and disposal of LDPE in the environment. To safeguard the environment from deleterious effects, biodegradation of LDPE was studied by isolating a potent Streptomyces werraensis SDJM strain from garbage soil. The degradation assessment was performed to identify the LDPE degraded compounds such as octane, decane, tetracosane, hexacosane, dotriacontene, tetratiacontene, tridecone, tetracontane, and pentacosane, using a sophisticated technique - liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LCMS). The end product of LDPE biodegradation, carbon dioxide was measured by the GCMS-SPME technique. Field trials in garbage soil for a period of three months reveal 71.26% weight loss compared to laboratory test results where the weight loss was 60.05%. The morphological changes and structural changes of the polymer in fields were assessed by SEM analysis and FTIR analysis after one month of incubation. The test results in field trials were promising and convincing to overcome the LDPE pollution in presence of S.werraensis SDJM strain.
The Construction of Regional Ecological Security Pattern Based on a Multi-Factor Comprehensive Model and Circuit Theory
Authors: Yu H.R. , Wang Y.Z. , Liang Z. , Min C.K.
Published: September 2021

Various ecological problems have become increasingly prominent due to the accelerated growth of urbanization. Ecological security and ecological conservation have become an important topics in the current scenario. This study took southern Anhui as an example, constructing comprehensive assessment models to conduct source identification from three perspectives, i.e. ecosystem services, ecological sensitivity and residents’ ecological needs. Landscape resistance surface was built based on the reciprocal of habitat quality and night-time light data. According to the circuit theory, the ecological process in the heterogeneous landscape was simulated to identify ecological corridors, extract pinch points and divide barriers that need improvement, thereby to construct the southern Anhui ecological security pattern (ESP). The pattern comprised 20 ecological sources, 37 ecological corridors, 9 pinch points and 2 levels of improvement areas. Specifically, ecological sources were mainly distributed within the area of Huangshan city and Xuancheng city, mostly covered with trees; ecological corridors were mostly located in the northern part of the research area; pinch points were mainly farmland or beside construction land; the primary improvement area was mainly in Chaohu city and Maanshan city, while the secondary improvement area was distributed around the primary area. The study discussed the diversified improvement strategies of different barriers and introduced the optimization scheme “one centre, two wings, one belt”, providing planning advice for decision-makers. The study expanded the construction of regional ESP, and partly guided the steady development of ESP of southern Anhui.
Analysis on Pollution Hazards and Recycling Strategies of Logistics Packaging Wastes of E-Commerce Enterprises
Authors: Hao Zhongchao
Published: September 2021

The emergence of China’s e-commerce industry leads to the rapid expansion of the express delivery industry, and the environmental pollution problem triggered by the express packaging wastes has become increasingly critical, severely impacting human health and sustainable social development. The literature regarding the pollution and recycling strategies of e-commerce logistics packaging wastes was first complied with and summarized in this work. Then, the research hypothesis of multi-subject (e-commerce enterprise, government, and third-party enterprises) in the recycling of e-commerce logistics packaging wastes was established. Finally, the effect of multi-subject participation in the recycling of e-logistics packaging wastes was surveyed via questionnaires using structural equation modeling. Results demonstrate that under the background of high-speed e-commerce development, the package pollution problem has become an important problem influencing environmental pollution in various countries across the world. The overall Cronbach’s alpha value of the questionnaires was 0.903, indicating good reliability. The observable variable- standard factor loading coefficient, was always greater than 0.5, indicating that the construct validity was accurate. Third-party and e-commerce enterprises played a significant positive role in the recycling effect of e-commerce logistics packaging wastes, with regression coefficients of 1.981 and 0.575, respectively. The government did not show any obvious influence on the recycling effect of e-commerce logistics packaging wastes. The pollution hazards of logistics packaging wastes of e-commerce enterprises can be effectively mitigated if e-commerce enterprises lead the green consumption needs, the government accelerates the perfection of laws and regulations related to the e-commerce logistics packaging, and a third-party professional recycling system is established, among others things. The study results will be of great reference sign
Biosorption of Malachite Green by Dry Cells of Isolated Free Living Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
Authors: Mawad A.M.M. , Albasri H. , Temerk H. A.
Published: September 2021

Contamination of water with Malachite green (MG) may threaten aquatic and human life. Nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter sp. is an efficient adsorbent for the removal of MG from dye solutions. The optimum pH for the biosorption process was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity and the effect of different adsorbate concentrations were detected. The kinetics and isotherm models for biosorption were constructed. Optimum adsorption of MG by Azotobacter sp. was obtained at pH 6.0, biomass concentration was 0.05%, initial dye concentration was 50 mg.L-1, and contact time was 600 mins. Dye adsorption exhibited an increase with contact time and initial malachite green concentration. The kinetics of the adsorption process was best followed by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model which confirms the chemisorption process. The adsorption equilibrium data fit well to the Langmuir model indicating a monolayer adsorption behavior onto a surface of Azotobacter sp. with a finite number of active sites. Maximum biosorption capacity was found to be 142.8 mg.g-1 of bacterial biomass. The dry biomass of Azotobacter sp. has proved to be an efficient biosorbent for the removal of synthetic dyes from actual industrial effluent that is contaminated with up to 400 mg.L-1 dye concentration.
"In-vitro Effects of Chlorpyrifos and Monocrotophos on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Different Tissues of Apple Snail Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822)"
Authors: Pal S. , Maity S. , Balachandran S. , Chaudhury S.
Published: September 2021

The impact of two organophosphorus insecticides [Chlorpyrifos (CPF) and Monocrotophos (MCP)] on non-target wild natural gastropod, Pila globosa (apple snail) from the paddy fields was studied. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was monitored on foot-muscle and hepatopancreas tissues of control and exposed snails. In the foot- muscle AChE inhibition progressed and reached 54.19% and 63.13% of the control, whereas, the AChE inhibition in the hepatopancreas reached 46.96% and 53.67% over control after 48 hours of exposure to 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 CPF respectively. After 48 hours of MCP exposure at 1.5 mL.L-1 and 2.5 mL.L-1 separately, the AChE inhibition of foot muscle was 49.07% and 57.59% respectively while in hepatopancreas it was 44.65% and 48.84% respectively. Our results show more inhibition of AChE activities on the foot-muscle than hepatopancreas in a concentration and time-dependent manner with greater severity by CPF in comparison to MCP. AChE inhibition increased with the increasing exposure time.
Evaluation of LDPE Degradation Under Controlled Composting
Authors: Singh S. , Shankar S. , . Shikha
Published: September 2021

The compost burial test was performed to determine the degradation of commercially available low-density polyethylene in natural compost for a period of six months. Biodegradability of polyethylene films in compost was monitored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and weight reduction analysis. After six months of compost exposure, a major change over the surface of LDPE was observed. SEM images clearly showed the exfoliation and cracks on the film leading to degradation. The other analysis also showed a change in the thermal properties and crystallinity of the LDPE films. The composting method could prove to be the reliable and ecological method of degrading plastic waste without hindering the natural ecosystem.
Successive Saccharification of Waste Paper as a Resource for Bio-product Development
Authors: Mokatse K.M.P. , van Wyk J.P.H.
Published: September 2021

Environmental pollution and the exploitation of fossil-based products are topical issues that should be a matter of concern to the global population. The production of bio-based substances from waste biomass is a way to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and limit environmental pollution. Enzymatic catalysed saccharification of cellulose is an important step for the bio-conversion of biomass such as waste paper into glucose that could be utilized as a feedstock for the production of value added bioproducts and this process can also be considered as an alternative route of waste management. During this study, fresh cellulase enzyme from Trichoderma viride was incubated separately with seven different waste paper materials during twelve successive incubation periods of 2 h each. The amount of sugar released from each paper material during each incubation period was determined. The highest sugar concentration released from each paper materials was produced during the first incubation period except the filter paper for which the highest amount of sugar was produced during the 9th period of incubation. During these optimum sugar producing incubation periods the highest total sugar concentration was released from brown envelope paper (3.3 mg.mL-1 followed by foolscap paper (3.0 mg.mL-1) and office paper (2.8 mg.mL-1) while the lowest amount of sugar was released from Pick ’n Pay paper (0.6 mg.mL-1). The relative saccharification percentage was also calculated which showed that filter paper produced the highest amounts of sugar followed by newspaper, and foolscap paper with advertising paper from a retailer. Pick ’n Pay offered the highest resistance towards cellulase catalysed bio-conversion into sugar.
Impact of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Morphological and Biochemical Components of Arachis hypogaea L.
Authors: Azhaguthasan T. , Ravimycin T. , Santhi K.
Published: September 2021

The present investigation aims to study the comparative effect of different treatments of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and biochemical constituents of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The plants were raised in the field with different treatments of fertilizers like arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Azospirillum (AZM), market waste compost (MWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). The plant samples were collected after 15, 30, 60 and 90 days for the measurement of different growth parameters. The analysis of the morphological and biochemical parameters such as shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight, total leaf area, chlorophyll ‘a’ and ‘b’, total chlorophyll, amino acids, starch and total sugar was made at different days intervals. The effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth parameters and biochemical constituents of leaves was significantly increased in all the treatments. In general, bio-fertilizer applications are to boost the effectiveness of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Azospirillum (AZM) and market waste compost (MWC) on nodulation and yield of groundnut. The organic fertilizers treated plants showed better performance than the inorganic fertilizers and control.
Satisfaction of pharmacy students with e-learning approach in the University of Health Sciences Casablanca, Morocco during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Slimani Lamia , Hammidi Layla , Jhilal Fayssal , Nejjari Chakib , Ahid Samir
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the satisfaction of pharmacy students with e-learning during the COVID-19 lockdown.   
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Pharmacy School of Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences of Casablanca in April 2020. An anonymous questionnaire previously validated by the pedagogical committee of the university was administered to students via google forms.
Results: A total of 154 responses were received, 122 (79.22%) were female students. The majority of students were satisfied with the general organisation (between 60.4% and 81.8% depending on the studied parameter), e-learning (63.6%), educational content (between 61% and 85.7% depending on the studied parameter), self-assessment methods (between 64.9% and 84.4% depending on the studied parameter), adaptation (63%), the involvement of teachers (83.8%), and the administration of the faculty (75.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that two factors were significantly associated with student satisfaction related to e-learning in this study. This corresponds to the level of study (p-value = 0.026; OR=4.009; IC95% [1.176-13.663]) and the adaptation (p-value = 0.004; OR=3.671; IC95% [1.519-8.868]). This study found that satisfaction levels were higher among third year students, which could be interpreted by the fact that they were more familiar with e-learning.   
Conclusion: Students were mostly satisfied with e-learning during the lockdown. The experience from this study showed an advantage for other schools by the partial introduction of e-learning training as a teaching method in normal situations in order to better deal with emergency situations.
Genres and Multilingual Contexts: The Translational Culture of Nineteenth-Century Calcutta
Authors: Chatterjee Chandrani
Published: September 2021

Nineteenth-century Calcutta has been widely researched to understand its role in the making of a ‘modern’ India. However, the ‘translational’ culture of this period has not received enough attention. The present article traces what it terms Calcutta’s ‘translational culture’ by examining a palimpsest of languages and genres through the mediating role of translation. Nineteenth-century was a time when several languages were competing for space in the making of modern Bengali prose. Most of the writers of the time were negotiating a plural and multilingual domain and experimenting withnew styles of prose and poetry writing. Two such examples can be seen in the works of Michael Madhusudan Dutt (1824 –1873), and Kaliprassana Singha (1841 -1870). These writers were instrumental in the making of new genres and were negotiating multiple languages and linguistic registers that included –Sanskrit, Bengali with its different elite and colloquial registers, English,and several European languages and literatures. In juxtaposing Dutt and Singha, the present article attempts to point towards a parallel history of the nineteenth-century Calcutta traced through moments of transactions, translations,and negotiations among languages, ideas,and world views. Languages and literary genres in this case become a testimony to the rich texture of social and cultural negotiations that went into the making of the modernist Bengali prose and indicative of its palimpsestic and translational nature.
Aithihyamala: Translating Text in Context
Authors: Varma Vrinda
Published: September 2021

Aithihyamala (1909) is a compilation of oral legends and folktales in Malayalam by Kottarathil Shankunni. A hundred years since its first publication, and many translations hence, re-translating it into English to suit the contemporary reader comes with its own share of challenges. Overcoming the barrier of archaic language was one thing as was the translation of cultural contexts and culture itself.Butmore demanding was the employment of a contemporary politically correct lens to the stories themselves, and exercising it in translation in such a manner that while the translation and the translatordo remain invisible, the text is suitably modified in places so that blatant prejudices and partisanship inherent in the text do not overshadow the stories themselves. The paper discusses how the translator employed either domestication or foreignization and sometimes a combination of both in order to make sense of the canonical Malayalam text in English, and the rationale for employing each approach so as to make the text relevant and meaningful to the contemporary reader.
On Post-Editability of Machine Translated Texts
Authors: Anirudh Ch Ram , Narayana Murthy Kavi
Published: September 2021

Machine Translated texts are often far from perfect and postediting is essential to get publishable quality. Post-editing may not always be a pleasant task. However, modern machine translation (MT) approaches like Statistical MT (SMT) and Neural MT (NMT) seem to hold greater promise. In this work, we present a quantitative method for scoring translations and computing the post-editability of MT system outputs.We show that the scores we get correlate well with MT evaluation metrics as also with the actual time and effort required for post-editing. We compare the outputs of three modern MT systems namely phrase-based SMT (PBMT), NMT, and Google translate for their Post-Editability for English to Hindi translation. Further, we explore the effect of various kinds of errors in MT outputs on postediting time and effort. Including an Indian language in this kind of post-editability study and analyzing the influence oferrors on postediting time and effort for NMT are highlights of this work.
Translation of Metaphors in George Orwell’s Animal Farm from English to Hindi: A Cognitive Semantic Perspective
Authors: Upadhaya Baburam
Published: September 2021

Metaphors are prevalentacross languages and cultures, but not all metaphors are shared by any two languages. Therefore, it is interesting to see how a work of translation deals with metaphors through a cognitive semantic perspective. This paper investigates how metaphors used by George Orwell in Animal Farm have been translated into Hindi by Sooraj Prakash. The findings show Prakash using culture-specific metaphors in the target text (TT) to provide the metaphorical sense of the target culture and at the same time trying to preserve the metaphors of the source text (ST) wherever they fitted aptly.
Potenciando la producción oral en inglés: estrategias y herramientas en el aula
Authors: Mendieta Lira Karina Angélica
Published: September 2021

La expresión oral es una de las habilidades más difíciles de adquirir en el aprendizaje de un idioma extranjero ya que esta se logra cuando el aprendiz está en constante contacto con el idioma. El objetivo de la presente investigación es clasificar y comparar los resultados y hallazgos más importantes sobre las estrategias utilizadas en la producción oral en inglés en investigaciones de los últimos años a nivel nacional e internacional. Para ello, se ha tomado investigaciones publicadas en diferentes revistas indexadas. El resultado obtenido evidencia distintas estrategias y programas de intervención utilizados que han logrado mejorar la producción oral en inglés. Se concluye que estas estrategias dan resultado solo si los docentes están capacitados para hacer uso de ellas y a su vez enriquecer y potenciar el proceso de aprendizaje con el uso de la tecnología.
An Analysis of the Readability of Educational Materials on the Consumer Webpage of a Health Professional Organization: Considerations for Practice
Authors: Falconer Naudia , Reicherter E. , Billek-Sawhney Barbara , Chesbro Steven
Published: September 2021

The readability level of many patient education materials is too high for patients to comprehend, placing the patient’s health at risk. Since health professionals often recommend Internet-based patient education resources, they must ensure that the readability of information provided to consumers is at an appropriate level. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the readability of educational brochures found on the American Physical Therapy Association (APTA) consumer website. Methods: Fourteen educational brochures on the APTA website in March 2008 were analyzed using the following assessments: Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch Reading Ease, Fry Readability Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG), Checklist for Patient Education Materials, and Consumer Health Web Site Evaluation Checklist. Results: According to the Flesch-Kincaid and Flesch Reading Ease, over 90% of the brochures were written at greater than a sixth grade level. The mean reading level was grade 10.2 (range = 3.1 to 12) with a Reading Ease score between 31.5 to 79.9. Using the SMOG formula, the brochures had a mean reading level of grade 11.5 (range = 9 to 13). The Fry Readability showed that 85% of the brochures were written higher than a sixth grade level, with a mean reading level of grade 9.5 (range = 6 to 14). Conclusion: Findings suggest that most of the consumer education information available on the website of this health professional organization had readability scores that were too high for average consumers to read.
Interviewing Older People; Relationships in Qualitative Research
Authors: Robertson Linda , Hale Beatrica
Published: September 2021

Health practitioners who have already undertaken a considerable amount of interviewing would consider themselves as experienced interviewers, but there are questions and issues arising from research interviews which are different from assessment and interventionist interviews. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of the health professional researcher in qualitative research with older people and to make recommendations for preparatory interviewing in methodology courses. Method: A descriptive approach was used and semi-structured interviews with a sample size of eleven New Zealand health professionals/researchers. Results: A significant theme emerging was relationships. This was further divided into three categories: establishing rapport and credibility as a researcher, developing the relationship (including managing role changes), and storytelling as a strategy to integrate the participant’s personal context with the researcher’s questions. Conclusions: The results suggest that the communication between the researcher and participant is different from that of a health interview and requires a change in perspective. While it can be time consuming and frustrating to listen to long stories about personal experiences, such story telling leads the way to establishing mutual respect. Additionally, relevant information is often woven into the fabric of these stories. A major implication is that awareness of active listening should be taught in methods courses to allow researchers to reflect on the interviews.
Technical Challenges and Solutions: Creating Virtual Environments for a Health Science Interprofessional Course
Authors: deJong Erika , Chodos Dave , Kuras Pawel , Boechler Patricia , Stroulia Eleni , Carbonaro Michael , King Sharla
Published: September 2021

Virtual interactive environments such as Second Life are emerging as innovative tools that can support and enhance learning in various educational domains. However, for the educational practitioner new to these environments, developing educational settings and activities in a virtual environment can appear to be technically complex and beyond their area of expertise. This case study describes some of the technical challenges encountered and the solutions derived during the development of a virtual world for the delivery of a health science interprofessional communications course.
Service Learning and Student Organization Initiatives: Facilitating Leadership Among Graduate Students
Authors: Jackson Veronica
Published: September 2021

The coordination of service learning experiences can play an important role in the leadership development of allied health professionals. Potential allied health professionals can benefit from participation in service learning and co-curricular activities that relate to their curriculum. Peer mentorship can be utilized to facilitate student engagement in co-curricular activities that can assist in the development of leadership skills, technical skills, and other skills required for their profession. The purpose of this article is to identify a leadership model that can be utilized through student organizations in allied health profession education. One model that can be used to facilitate leadership among graduate students is the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. The model encompasses seven domains which include consciousness of self, congruence, commitment, collaboration, common purpose, controversy, and citizenship. This model was used as a framework to facilitate student teamwork and participation within the community.
Students’ Academic Motivations in Allied Health Classes
Authors: Maurer Trent , Allen Deborah , Gatch Delena , Shankar Padmini , Sturges Diana
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Human Anatomy & Physiology [HAP] courses are considered “difficult” by both faculty and students, and many students fail to pass the courses. An attempt was made to understand how students’ academic motivations may contribute to their success or failure in these courses. Method: The project used a non-experimental design with a convenience sample. Students in five sections of HAP I and HAP II were invited to complete an anonymous 42-item questionnaire that included an adapted version of the Academic Motivation Scale [AMS], six demographic questions, and eight questions about their academic behaviors in and perceptions of their HAP course. A total of 461 students (69% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Analyses included 1) reliability for the seven AMS subscales, 2) correlations among the subscales, among the eight questions about their behaviors and perceptions, and between the subscales and the behavior and perception questions, and 3) a multivariate multiple regression with the AMS subscales as independent variables and the behavior and perception questions as dependent variables. Results: The AMS was successfully adapted to apply to HAP courses with reliabilities comparable to previously published data. Students’ levels of intrinsic motivation and amotivation, but not extrinsic motivation, were significantly related to their academic behaviors and perceptions of the courses. Conclusions and Recommendations: Despite high levels of extrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation did not appear related to students’ academic behaviors. HAP instructors may need to consider alternate routes to influencing students’ academic success behaviors, as it appears that attempts to influence their extrinsic motivations may not essentially translate to changes in academic behavior.
Culture Shock: Transitioning from Clinical Practice to Educator
Authors: Kahanov Leamor , Eberman Lindsey , Yoder Adam , Kahanov Moti
Published: September 2021

Transitioning from doctoral preparation to the academy is a stressor for most new faculty, particularly among academicians in the medical and health professions where role strain may include clinical responsibilities as part of faculty load. The proliferation of clinical doctorates and terminal clinical allied health degrees has increased the need for both traditionally trained educators, but also faculty with clinical doctorates or terminal clinical degrees (CDF) to augment the curriculum. CDF may not have the background in academia typically acculturated in a traditional doctoral degree. A lack of socialization during clinical doctoral preparation may lead CDF to develop unrealistic expectations regarding faculty collegiality, research and responsibility. Socialization is necessary to orient new faculty, but may be compounded with CDF who lack orientation to the academy regarding classroom management, scholarship, institutional hierarchy and general faculty expectations. A more extensive orientation to teaching, service, and scholarship as well as transitional issues like time management and expectations should be added to mentorship and orientation for CDF hired for health care professions educational programs. Challenges for CDF are most often related to problems decoding expectations of the organization, learning to budget time and creating relationships with colleagues. CDF need remediation to overcome the culture shock associated with the transition from practice to the academy. Traditional mentorship and socialization models entail mature faculty who gift their time and expertise in a one-on-one or small group sessions. CDF orientation may need to follow a more formalized plan rather than traditional mentorship philosophies and for an extended period of time (1-2 years) to ensure a successful transition. This manuscript provides a reorganization of common concepts in the mentorship literature to help administrators of health care profession education to develop CDF and junior faculty.
Using Online Instruments to Assess Learning Styles of Health Professions Students: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sabo Robin , Singles Rene , Toner John , Toner Jean , Naeve-Velguth Susan , Woods Suzanne
Published: September 2021

Understanding their own learning styles can assist students as they relate to one another and ultimately to their future clients. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the preferred learning and personality styles of a convenience sample of Central Michigan University students enrolled in the following health-related professions: Athletic Training, Communication Disorders, Social Work, and Physician Assistant. Method: Students completed two self-administered online instruments used to measure learning styles, the VARK and the online version of the Keirsey Temperament Sorter II (KTS-II). Associations between VARK learning style scores and the online Keirsey Temperament Sorter II results were also examined. Results: Seventy-four percent of the students scored as Guardians (Sensing-Judging) based on the online KTS-II report and 62% were multimodal learners on the online version of the VARK. Conclusion: This study confirmed previous findings that Guardian is the preferred temperament type on the MBTI/KTS-II for health professions students. Average scores on the VARK and the Keirsey did not differ between the various health-related disciplines; however, students scoring as Idealists (Intuition/Feeling) on the Keirsey had significantly higher Aural scores on the VARK when compared to those with Guardian temperaments. There was no significant difference found between Keirsey groups and how they scored on Vark-V (Visual), R/W (Read/Write), or K (Kinesthetic) learning style dimensions.
Effect of Treadmill Training on Gait and Functional Independence in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Anwer Shahnawaz , Equebal Ameed , Kumar Ratnesh
Published: September 2021

Background and purpose: Many individuals with an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) have the potential to walk. The effectiveness of using a treadmill for gait training for these patients has been substantiated in the literature. This case series describes the effectiveness of incorporating gait training on a treadmill for two individuals with an incomplete SCI. Case Description: The treatments of two males each with an incomplete paraplegia were described. Subject 1 was 40 years old and was 14 months post injury at the time of the study. He had a T6 incomplete spinal cord injury classified as a D on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale and neurological classification standards. Subject 2 was 48 years old and was 10 months post injury. He had a T8 incomplete spinal cord injury classified as ASIA C. Intervention: Both subjects participated in gait training for a maximum of 10 minutes on a motorized treadmill without elevation at a comfortable walking speed three days a week for four weeks as an adjunct to a conventional physiotherapy programme.Results: An increase in step length, stride length, cadence, and comfortable walking speed were noted in both subjects. Both subjects improved their walking level as measured by the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI II) and functional independence as measured by Spinal Cord Independent Measure (SCIM II). Conclusion: Gait training on a treadmill can improve gait parameters and functional independence in patients with incomplete paraplegia. Further research is needed to improve the generalizability of these findings and to identify which patients might benefit most from treadmill training.
Unilateral Shoulder Bags: Can They Be Worn in a Way to Reduce Postural Asymmetry?
Authors: Qureshi Yasmin , Shamus Eric
Published: September 2021

Purpose: To investigate whether there is a way to wear a unilateral strap shoulder bag that will allow more symmetrical postural alignment, preventing potentially harmful musculoskeletal effects. Subjects: Sixty-five college student volunteers.Methods: Each participant donned a unilateral strap shoulder bag two different ways on the dominant and non-dominant shoulder while standing on a Postural Scale Analyzer to measure lower extremity weight distribution. Results: A significant improvement (p < 0.05) in lower extremity weight distribution was found in right hand dominant subjects (n = 63) when wearing a shoulder bag draped across the left shoulder to right hip. Discussion: When individuals who are right hand dominant wear a shoulder bag draped across the left shoulder (non-dominant shoulder), the weight distribution through the person’s lower extremities becomes more equal indicating improved postural symmetry in static standing.Conclusion: It is possible that individual prescription of a unilateral bag on the non-dominant shoulder draped across the body can be utilized to create a reduction in postural asymmetry demonstrated by more evenly distributed lower extremity loading. Recommendations: Health care providers, parents, students, and educators should be educated to carry an across-the-body unilateral strap shoulder bag that reduces postural asymmetry and the risk of future development of biomechanical problems and back pain in adulthood.
Stroke Clinicians’ Priorities for Stroke Research
Authors: Lannin Natasha , Ada Louise , Lidney Richard , Longworth Mark , McCluskey Annie , Middleton Sandy
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify research questions perceived as important by clinicians who treat stroke survivors in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Methods: A cross-sectional, 3-round Delphi survey method was used. Participants invited to respond in Round I included stroke researchers (n=26); Rounds II and III included stroke clinicians (n=470) identified from NSW Health Stroke Services and/or NSW Rural Stroke Service databases. Participants in Round I were asked to identify stroke research questions of the highest priority; participants in Rounds II and III then rated these research questions on both importance and feasibility using a 5-point Likert scale. Results: Responses were received from 14 expert stroke researchers during Round I (54%), 38 stroke clinicians (8%) in Round II, and 56 stroke clinicians (12%) in Round III. Research topics rated as “very important” were interventions that target life-long rehabilitation, best methods for providing post-discharge rehabilitation, and delivery of physical rehabilitation.Conclusions: Clinicians who provide day-to-day stroke care perceive that the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions and delivery require investigation as a key priority.
Nanobilim ve Nanoteknolojinin TÜBİTAK Popüler Bilim Dergilerine Yansımaları
Authors: ÇALIK Şeyma , KOÇ Ayşe , ŞENEL Tuba , ZOR Erhan , ASLAN Oktay
Published: September 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı nanobilim ve nanoteknolojinin TÜBİTAK tarafından yayınlanan popüler bilim dergilerine yansımalarını incelemektir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında incelenecek dergiler, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye’de basılan ve yayınlanan Bilim ve Teknik dergisi ve Bilim Çocuk dergisi çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama işlemi dergilerin elektronik arşivleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiş ve anahtar kelime olarak “nano” kelimesi taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda ulaşılan 111 makale veri analiz sürecine dâhil edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi tekniği ile analiz edilmiştir. Bu süreçte analize dâhil edilen makaleler; (i) yayınlandığı dergi, (ii) yayınlanma yılı, (iii) makalenin içeriği ve (iv) makalenin içeriğindeki yaklaşım olmak üzere dört başlıkta incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Bilim ve Teknik dergisinde nanobilim ve nanoteknoloji (NBT) ile ilgili daha fazla sayıda makalenin yayınlandığı ve yayınlanan makale sayısının yıllara göre değişkenlik gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca her iki dergide de NBT ile ilgili bilimsel araştırma ve keşifler, geleceğe yönelik beklentiler, tahminler, planlamalar ve medikal keşif ve projeler, halk ve çevre sağlığı kategorilerinde yer alan makale sayısının diğer kategorilere göre daha fazla olduğu ve makalelerin içeriklerindeki yaklaşımın çoğunlukla olumlu yönde olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili literatür kapsamında tartışılarak sonuçlara ulaşılmış ve çalışma sonuçlarından faydalanabilecek gruplar için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.