bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast‐track design and build of a FIFA compliant stadium
Authors: Paech Christoph , Göppert Knut , Wilbrenninck Steven
Published: June 2014

Al Ain has one of the most important and successful soccer clubs in the U.A.E. The new Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium shall be the new civic landmark of Al Ain. The geometry of the roof is developed in order to provide full shading over the field of play and the stands for every day in the year after 5:45 pm – reducing the solar energy gains during events to a minimum but allowing natural turf to grow. The striking roof geometry consists of a primary steel structure with a PVC/PES membrane cladding. The exterior palm bole façade consists of a steel diagrid structure with 612 individual orientated PTFE/Glass membrane panels to achieve maximum shading but also to allow possible views from the inside. The membrane panels in combination with the primary steel structure is a homage to the palm bole – an emblem of the Oasis of Al Ain. A modular system has been developed in order to rationalize the façade and cladding system and to reduce the construction time as much as possible. The article describes how this FIFA compliant stadium has been designed and build in just 18 months.

Rekordzeit für den Entwurf und Bau eines Stadions nach FIFA‐Anforderungen – Das Hazza Bin Zayed Stadium in Al Ain/U.A.E. Das Hazza Bin Zayed Stadion ist das neue Wahrzeichen von Al Ain und wird für die Heimspiele des erfolgreichen Al Ain Football Clubs genutzt. Das Dach wurde so entwickelt, dass das Spielfeld und die Tribünen ganzjährig ab 17:45 Uhr voll im Schatten liegen. So wird die Sonneneinstrahlung auf ein Minimum reduziert, ohne dabei das natürliche Rasenwachstum zu beeinträchtigen. Die beeindruckende Geometrie der Dachschale besteht aus einer Stahlkonstruktion mit einer PVC/PES‐Membran‐Verkleidung. 612 einzeln ausgerichtete Membran‐Paneele formen zusammen mit einer primären Stahlkonstruktion in diagonalem Raster die äußere Fassade. Durch die Paneele wird auch in der Fassade die Verschattung maximiert, diese verhindern jedoch nicht den gewünschten Ausblick von innen. Mit der primären Stahlkonstruktion stellen die Membranflächen eine Hommage an den Palmenstamm dar – ein Wahrzeichen der Oase von Al Ain. Um die Konstruktion der Fassade und der Verkleidung zu vereinheitlichen und die Bauzeit so weit wie möglich zu verringern, wurde ein modulares System entwickelt. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt den Entwurf des Stadions nach FIFA‐Anforderungen, das in nur 18 Monaten fertiggestellt wurde.
Re: Comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging parameters in predicting survival in isolated left‐sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia. M. Bebbington, T. Victoria, E. Danzer, J. Moldenhauer, N. Khalek, M. Johnson, H. Hedrick and N. S. Adzick. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 670–674
Authors: Jani J. C. , Cannie M. M.
Published: June 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 670–674
Re: Minimally invasive therapy for fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma: case series and systematic review of the literature. T. Van Mieghem, A. Al‐Ibrahim, J. Deprest, L. Lewi, J. C. Langer, D. Baud, K. O'Brien, R. Beecroft, R. Chaturvedi, E. Jaeggi, J. Fish and G. Ryan. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 611–619
Authors: Geipel A. , Berg C.
Published: June 2014

Linked Comment: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014; 43: 611–619
k‐strong privacy for radio frequency identification authentication protocols based on physically unclonable functions
Authors: Kardaş Süleyman , Çelik Serkan , Bingöl Muhammed Ali , Kiraz Mehmet Sabi̇r , Demirci Hüseyin , Levi Albert
Published: June 2014

This paper examines Vaudenay's privacy model, which is one of the first and most complete privacy models that featured the notion of different privacy classes. We enhance this model by introducing two new generic adversary classes, k‐strong and k‐forward adversaries where the adversary is allowed to corrupt a tag at most k times. Moreover, we introduce an extended privacy definition that also covers all privacy classes of Vaudenay's model. In order to achieve highest privacy level, we study low cost primitives such as physically unclonable functions (PUFs). The common assumption of PUFs is that their physical structure is destroyed once tampered. This is an ideal assumption because the tamper resistance depends on the ability of the attacker and the quality of the PUF circuits. In this paper, we have weakened this assumption by introducing a new definition k‐resistant PUFs. k‐PUFs are tamper resistant against at most k attacks; that is, their physical structure remains still functional and correct until at most kth physical attack. Furthermore, we prove that strong privacy can be achieved without public‐key cryptography using k PUF‐based authentication. We finally prove that our extended proposal achieves both reader authentication and k‐strong privacy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse Micellar Encapsulation of d‐ and l‐Enantiomers of Some Aromatic α‐Amino Acids and Nucleobases by Glucose‐Derived Non‐ionic Gemini Surfactants in Neat n‐Hexane
Authors: Sharma Lalit , Saroj  , Singh Nirmal
Published: June 2014

Novel carbohydrate‐based non‐ionic gemini surfactants consisting of two sugar head groups, two hydrophobic tails having chain lengths of C12, C14, and C16 and a flexible –(CH2)6– spacer were synthesized and investigated for their reverse micellar encapsulation properties. The head groups of the geminis comprise glucose entities (with reducing function blocked in a cyclic acetal group) connected through C‐6 to tertiary amines. These surfactants were explored for reverse micellar encapsulation of d‐ and l‐enantiomers of aromatic α‐amino acids viz. histidine (His), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp) in neat n‐hexane. Similar studies were carried out for encapsulation of nucleobases viz. adenine (Ade), guanine (Gua), thymine (Thy), cytosine (Cyt) and Uracil (Ura). Reverse micellar studies revealed that aromatic α‐amino acids were encapsulated in the sequence His>Tyr>Phe>Trp. In most cases, a difference in the degree of encapsulation of d‐ and l‐enantiomers of aromatic amino acids in reverse micellar phases of gemini amphiphiles in neat n‐hexane, was revealed. For Tyr, l‐enantiomer was better encapsulated than its antipode, i.e., d‐enantiomer but for Trp, d‐enantiomer was better encapsulated then l‐enantiomer. In the case of nucleobases, Ura was found selectively encapsulated by reverse micelles formed by these new amphiphiles.
Minimierung der krestalen Knochenresorption
Authors: Schwarz F.
Published: June 2014

Krestale Knochenresorptionen können als physiologische Adaptation nach einer Implantatinsertion definiert werden. In den vergangenen Jahren wurden zahlreiche beeinflussende lokale Faktoren identifiziert, mit dem Ziel diese Remodellationsvorgänge zu minimieren. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Literaturanalyse zum Einfluss der Implantat-Abutment-Konfiguration, der Positionierung des maschinierten Halsbereichs und der Implantatschulter sowie die hieraus ableitbaren praktischen Empfehlungen einer Konsensuskonferenz dargestellt.
Fewer themes, more stories: shall we consider alternative ways for representing complexity well?
Authors: Cristancho Sayra
Published: June 2014

None
Revelación de información en las empresas bursátiles chilenas: el efecto de la propiedad de los inversionistas institucionales y el nivel de endeudamiento
Authors: Campos Espinoza Ricardo Alex , De la Fuente Mella Hanns Aníbal , Silva Palavecinos Berta , Diaz Riffo Paola Andrea
Published: June 2014

Este artículo expone evidencias del efecto que tiene en la calidad de la revelación de información corporativaal mercado, tanto la participación de las administradoras de fondos de pensiones en la propiedadde las empresas como el nivel de endeudamiento de estas. Para medir y cuantificar estas evidencias, seutilizaron modelos econométricos de corte transversal y de panel de datos, empleando información publicadapor sociedades anónimas chilenas, entre el período 2001-2009. El estudio demuestra que mientrasmayor es la propiedad de las administradoras de fondos de pensiones en las empresas de la muestra,aumenta la revelación de la información; y por otra parte, el efecto del endeudamiento es negativo, esdecir, a mayor apalancamiento menor revelación de información.
RETRACTED: Pregnancy outcomes of expectant management of stable mild to moderate chronic hypertension as compared with planned delivery
Authors: Hamed Hossam O. , Alsheeha Muneera A. , Abu‐Elhasan Ahmad M. , Abd Elmoniem Alaa E. , Kamal Manal M.
Published: June 2014

Objective

To compare outcomes between elective delivery at 37 weeks of pregnancy and expectant management among pregnant women with mild to moderate chronic hypertension.

Methods

In a two‐center study, 76 women with mild to moderate chronic hypertension were randomly allocated to planned delivery at 37 completed weeks (group A) or expectant management for spontaneous onset of labor or reaching 41 weeks (group B) between April 2012 and October 2013. Differences were compared by t test, χ2 test, or Fisher exact test. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence interval (CIs) were determined.

Results

There were no differences in superimposed pre‐eclampsia (SPE), severe hypertension, preterm delivery, placental abruption, oligohydramnios, intrauterine growth restriction, or perinatal mortality between the groups. Group B had higher gestational age at delivery (P = 0.001) and birth weight (P = 0.01), but lower cesarean (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2–10.3; P = 0.03) and neonatal care unit admission (OR 5.4; 95% CI, 1.4–21.0; P = 0.01) rates. More women with SPE were diagnosed before than after 37 weeks in group B (P = 0.01). Overall, patients who developed SPE had more adverse pregnancy outcomes than those who did not.

Conclusion

Mild to moderate chronic hypertension could be managed expectantly up to 41 weeks if SPE did not develop.
Language use affects proficiency in Italian–Spanish bilinguals irrespective of age of second language acquisition
Authors: DE CARLI FABRIZIO , DESSI BARBARA , MARIANI MANUELA , GIRTLER NICOLA , GRECO ALBERTO , RODRIGUEZ GUIDO , SALMON LAURA , MORELLI MARA
Published: June 2014

The role of age of acquisition (AoA) in reaching native-like proficiency in second language is controversial. The existence of a critical period and the effect of AoA have been questioned by studies testing lexical and/or morphosyntactic skills, and by functional brain exploration. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of AoA and language practice on proficiency in a bilingual pragmatic task and its relationship with cognitive skills. The study involved a group of Italian–Spanish bilinguals, classified according to their AoA and language use. All participants performed a pragmatic bilingual test and a battery of cognitive tests. A multivariate analysis showed significant effects of language use and cognitive skills and a non-significant effect of AoA. These results indicate that continued language practice is a major factor influencing high bilingual proficiency, irrespective of AoA, suggesting that proficiency may be weakened when bilingual experience becomes occasional or ceases.
A new understanding of the relationship between sugars, dental caries and fluoride use: implications for limits on sugars consumption
Authors: Sheiham Aubrey , James W Philip T
Published: June 2014

Objective

To examine the quantitative relationship between sugar intake and the progressive development of dental caries.

Design

A critical in-depth review of international studies was conducted. Methods included reassessing relevant studies from the most recent systematic review on the relationship between levels of sugars and dental caries. Reanalysis of dose–response relationships between dietary sugars and caries incidence in teeth with different levels of caries susceptibility in children was done using data from Japanese studies conducted by Takeuchi and co-workers.

Setting

Global, with emphasis on marked differences in both national sugar intake and fluoride use and preferably where one factor such as sugar intake changed progressively without changes in other factors over a decade or more.

Subjects

Children aged 6 years or more and adults.

Results

Caries occurred in both resistant and susceptible teeth of children when sugar intakes were only 2–3 % of energy intake, provided that the teeth had been exposed to sugars for >3 years. Despite increased enamel resistance after tooth eruption, there was a progressive linear increase in caries throughout life, explaining the higher rates of caries in adults than in children. Fluoride affects progression of caries development but there still is a pandemic prevalence of caries in populations worldwide.

Conclusions

Previous analyses based on children have misled public health analyses on sugars. The recommendation that sugar intakes should be ≤10 % of energy intake is no longer acceptable. The much greater adult burden of dental caries highlights the need for very low sugar intakes throughout life, e.g. 2–3 % of energy intake, whether or not fluoride intake is optimum.
An efficient siRNA‐mediated gene silencing in primary human monocytes, dendritic cells and macrophages
Authors: Troegeler Anthony , Lastrucci Claire , Duval Carine , Tanne Antoine , Cougoule Céline , Maridonneau‐Parini Isabelle , Neyrolles Olivier , Lugo‐Villarino Geanncarlo
Published: June 2014

Mononuclear phagocytes (MP) comprise monocytes, macrophages (MΦ) and dendritic cells (DC), including their lineage‐committed progenitors, which together have an eminent role in health and disease. Lipid‐based siRNA‐mediated gene inactivation is an established approach to investigate gene function in MP cells. However, although there are few protocols dedicated for siRNA‐mediated gene inactivation in primary human DC and MΦ, there are none available for primary human monocytes. Moreover, there is no available method to perform comparative studies of a siRNA‐mediated gene silencing in primary monocytes and other MP cells. Here, we describe a protocol optimized for the lipid‐based delivery of siRNA to perform gene silencing in primary human blood monocytes, which is applicable to DCs, and differs from the classical route of siRNA delivery into MΦs. Along with this protocol, we provide a comparative analysis of how monocytes, DC and MΦ are efficiently transfected with the target siRNA without affecting cell viability, resulting in strong gene knockdown efficiency, including the simultaneous inactivation of two genes. Moreover, siRNA delivery does not affect classical functions in MP such as differentiation, phagocytosis and migration, demonstrating that this protocol does not induce non‐specific major alterations in these cells. As a proof‐of‐principle, a functional analysis of hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck) shows for the first time that this kinase regulates the protease‐dependent migration mode in human monocytes. Collectively, this protocol enables efficient gene inactivation in primary MP, suggesting a wide spectrum of applications such as siRNA‐based high‐throughput screening, which could ultimately improve our knowledge about MP biology.
Selective fluorination of alkyl C–H bonds via photocatalysis
Authors: Kee Choon Wee , Chin Kek Foo , Wong Ming Wah , Tan Choon-Hong
Published: June 2014

We report the generation of cationic N-radicals from Selectfluor® via energy transfer with anthraquinone as a photocatalyst for the fluorination of unactivated C–H bonds.
Acid-free regioselective aminocarbonylation of alkenes
Authors: Liu Huizhen , Yan Ning , Dyson Paul J.
Published: June 2014

An efficient method for the synthesis of N-aryl monosubstituted carboxamides via the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of alkenes with CO and amines is described.
Terbium(iii)-cholate functionalized vesicles as luminescent indicators for the enzymatic conversion of dihydroxynaphthalene diesters
Authors: Balk Stefan , Maitra Uday , König Burkhard
Published: June 2014

The phosphorescence intensity of unilamellar DOPC vesicles with embedded Tb3+-cholate complexes depends on the concentration of dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) as sensitizer in solution.
Exploring the coordination chemistry of bifunctional organoarsonate ligands: syntheses and characterisation of coordination polymers that contain 4-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenylarsonic acid
Authors: Lin Jian-Di , Clérac Rodolphe , Rouzières Mathieu , Venkatesan Munuswamy , Chimamkpam Theresa O. , Schmitt Wolfgang
Published: June 2014

The syntheses, crystal structures, luminescent and magnetic properties of five triazol-phenylarsonic acid-based M(ii) coordination polymers are reported (M = Co, Cu, Mn, Cd).
Ultrafast charge separation and nongeminate electron–hole recombination in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Smith Samuel L. , Chin Alex W.
Published: June 2014

We extend a model of ultrafast charge separation to incorporate polaron formation, and consider the thermal separation of bound charges.
Oxygen reduction reaction by electrochemically reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Bikkarolla Santosh Kumar , Cumpson Peter , Joseph Paul , Papakonstantinou Pagona
Published: June 2014

We show that a partially reduced graphene oxide electrocatalyst, synthesized by electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO), displays significantly enhanced catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline solutions compared to the starting GO. The electrochemical partial reduction of GO was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) verified the enhanced electron transfer ability of the electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) compared to GO. The resultant ErGO electrode showed enhanced capacitance and an ORR onset potential of −0.11 V vs. Ag/AgCl, similar to that of a nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) electrode produced by a hydrothermal process. However the ErGO exhibited considerably lower electron transfer numbers (2.0–3.3 at a potential range of −0.4 V to −1.0 V) indicating that although both catalysts operate under combined 4e− and 2e− ORR processes, ErGO follows a more predominant 2e− pathway. The ORR process in ErGO has been linked to the presence of quinone functional groups, which favour the 2e− ORR pathway.
Coupling metal halides with a co-solvent to produce furfural and 5-HMF at high yields directly from lignocellulosic biomass as an integrated biofuels strategy
Authors: Cai Charles M. , Nagane Nikhil , Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E.
Published: June 2014

A monophasic reaction strategy is proposed that couples metal halides with a highly tunable co-solvent system employing renewable THF to significantly enhance co-production of furfural and 5-HMF from biomass.
Multinuclear ruthenium(ii) complexes as anticancer agents
Authors: Gorle Anil K. , Ammit Alaina J. , Wallace Lynne , Keene F. Richard , Collins J. Grant
Published: June 2014

The dinuclear ruthenium complex with X = H is four-times more cytotoxic than cisplatin against breast cancer cell lines; however, when X = NO2 the ruthenium complex is less active than cisplatin.
Tunable plasmon modes in single silver nanowire optical antennas characterized by far-field microscope polarization spectroscopy
Authors: Fu Ming , Qian Lihua , Long Hua , Wang Kai , Lu Peixiang , Rakovich Yury P. , Hetsch Frederik , Susha Andrei S. , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: June 2014

Tunable surface-plasmon modes in a single silver nanowire coupled to quantum-dot emitters as observed by far-field microscope polarization spectroscopy.
The unexpected effect of PEGylated gold nanoparticles on the primary function of erythrocytes
Authors: He Zeng , Liu Jiaxin , Du Libo
Published: June 2014

The PEGylated AuNPs have an adverse effect on the deformability and oxygen-delivering ability of erythrocytes through damage to the cell membrane.
Monitoring plasmon-driven surface catalyzed reactions in situ using time-dependent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy on single particles of hierarchical peony-like silver microflowers
Authors: Tang Xianghu , Cai Wenya , Yang Liangbao , Liu Jinhuai
Published: June 2014

The kinetics of the reaction of 4-NTP dimerizing into DMAB was investigated and comparative studied using a SERS technique on a single particle.
Facile route to highly photoluminescent carbon nanodots for ion detection, pH sensors and bioimaging
Authors: Shen Chen , Sun Yupeng , Wang Jing , Lu Yun
Published: June 2014

Carbon dots with high photoluminescence have been synthesized from folic acid and applied for ion detection, pH sensors and bioimaging.
The use of pH-sensitive functional selenium nanoparticles shows enhanced in vivo VEGF-siRNA silencing and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Yu Qianqian , Liu Yanan , Cao Chengwen , Le Fangling , Qin Xiuying , Sun Dongdong , Liu Jie
Published: June 2014

The pH-sensitive delivery system G2/PAH-Cit/SeNPs@siRNA enhances anti-tumor effects through VEGF gene silencing and reduces angiogenesis, with no side effects in organs.
Improving catalase-based propelled motor endurance by enzyme encapsulation
Authors: Simmchen Juliane , Baeza Alejandro , Ruiz-Molina Daniel , Vallet-Regí Maria
Published: June 2014

Polymer–enzyme nanocapsules were formulated for improving the stability of catalase-based micromotors against aggressive agents.
Synthesis, antibacterial activities, and theoretical studies of dicoumarols
Authors: Li Jing , Hou Zheng , Chen Guang-Hui , Li Fen , Zhou Ying , Xue Xiao-Yan , Li Zhou-Peng , Jia Min , Zhang Zi-Dan , Li Ming-Kai , Luo Xiao-Xing
Published: June 2014

In this work, we report the synthesis, evaluation of antibacterial activity and theoretical study of dicoumarols including DC, 2-PyDC, 3-PyDC and 4-PyDC.
Divergent synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles, 3-alkyl-1H-pyrroles and 3-alkenyl-1H-pyrroles from 2,4-pentadienenitriles and isocyanides
Authors: Xin Xiaoqing , Liu Xu , Zhang Dingyuan , Zhang Rui , Liang Yongjiu , Han Fushe , Dong Dewen
Published: June 2014

A facile and divergent synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles, 3-alkyl-1H-pyrroles and 3-alkenyl-1H-pyrroles has been developed via a formal [2 + 3] annulation of 2,4-penta-dienenitriles and ethyl isocyanoacetate by the variation of reaction conditions.
Facile fabrication of reduction-responsive nanocarriers for controlled drug release
Authors: Sun Rui , Luo Qiaojie , Gao Chen , Wang Ying , Gao Lilong , Du Hong , Huang Ying , Li Xiaodong , Shen Zhiquan , Zhu Weipu
Published: June 2014

An amphiphilic multiblock poly(ether–ester) containing multiple thiols was facilely synthesized by “one-pot” polycondensation, and was used to prepare reduction-responsive core-crosslinked micelles for controlled drug release.
A supramolecular polymer gel with dual-responsiveness constructed by crown ether based molecular recognition
Authors: Xia Danyu , Xue Min
Published: June 2014

A supramolecular polymer gel was prepared from self-assembly of a heteroditopic A–B monomer based on benzo[18]crown-6. Such a gel shows interesting gel–sol transitions in response to dual-stimuli owing to the dynamically reversible complexation between benzo[18]crown-6 and primary alkylammonium salt moieties.
Continuous heterogeneous cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction using a monolithic TS-1/cordierite catalyst
Authors: Yang Libin , Xin Feng , Lin Junzhong , Zhuang Zhuang , Sun Rui
Published: June 2014

Catalytic performance of monolithic TS-1/cordierite catalysts for the continuous heterogeneous cyclohexanone ammoximation reaction.
Morphology control of porous epoxy resin by rod-coil block oligomer: a self-assembly-induced phase separation by diphenyl fluorene-modified silicone epoxy
Authors: Deng Weixing , Zhong Yuanwei , Qin Jie , Huang Xuebing , Peng Jinwen
Published: June 2014

Self-assembly of amphiphilic rod-coil polymers into well-ordered structures has attracted significant interest over the last decade.
Asymmetric aldol reaction organocatalyzed by bifunctional N-prolyl sulfinamides under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Wan Wen , Gao Wei , Ma Guobin , Ma Lei , Wang Fan , Wang Jing , Jiang Haizhen , Zhu Shizheng , Hao Jian
Published: June 2014

Chiral bifunctional N-prolyl sulfinamide and its TFA salts were synthesized and applied in asymmetric aldol reactions under solvent-free conditions. The aldol adducts were obtained with high to excellent yields, enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities. A matching effect between chiral proline and sulfinamide moieties was observed for the catalysts.
Two glass transitions of polyurea networks: effect of the segmental molecular weight
Authors: Reinecker Marius , Soprunyuk Viktor , Fally Martin , Sánchez-Ferrer Antoni , Schranz Wilfried
Published: June 2014

Polymer–nanoparticle composites (PNCs) play an increasing role in technology.
Organo-metal halide perovskite-based solar cells with CuSCN as the inorganic hole selective contact
Authors: Chavhan Sudam , Miguel Oscar , Grande Hans-Jurgen , Gonzalez-Pedro Victoria , Sánchez Rafael S. , Barea Eva M. , Mora-Seró Iván , Tena-Zaera Ramón
Published: June 2014

The viability of using solution-processed CuSCN films as inorganic hole selective contacts in perovskite solar cells is demonstrated, by reaching a power conversion efficiency of 6.4% in planar heterojunction-based devices.
Optimal gateway selection in sensor–cloud framework for health monitoring
Authors: Misra Sudip , Bera Samaresh , Mondal Ayan , Tirkey Reena , Chao Han‐Chieh , Chattopadhyay Samiran
Published: June 2014

Sensor–cloud computing is envisioned to be one of the key enabling technologies for remote health monitoring. Integration of sensed data into cloud applications in sensor–cloud will help in real‐time monitoring of patients over geographically distributed locations. In this study, the authors study the optimal gateway selection problem in sensor–cloud framework for real‐time patient monitoring system by using a zero‐sum game model. In the proposed model, a gateway acts as the first player, and chooses the strategy based on the available bandwidth, whereas a user request acts as the second player, and follows the strategy chosen by the first player. The authors evaluate the execution time for selecting the optimal gateway through which the sensed data will be fetched to the cloud platform. In addition, the authors show how user requests are serviced by the gateways to access data from cloud platform optimally. The authors also show that by using the proposed approach, the execution time decreases, thereby helping in forming a reliable, efficient and real‐time architecture for health monitoring.
Optical characterisation of long‐period grating using liquid droplets on an electrowetting‐on‐dielectric platform
Authors: Duduś Anna , Blue Robert , Konstantaki Maria , Pissadakis Stavros , Uttamchandani Deepak
Published: June 2014

The use of digital electrowetting as a means of characterising and modifying the optical transmission properties of long‐period gratings (LPGs) fabricated in boron‐doped germanosilicate single‐mode fibre is described. An electrowetting‐based platform has been designed to move fluid droplets, of about 2 µl volume, along the main axis of the LPG fibre. The droplets make contact with the cladding over the grating region of the fibre. Optical measurements are presented illustrating the tuning of the optical resonance wavelength of an LPG as the droplet advances stepwise along the fibre cladding under electrowetting‐based actuation, and the increase of 53% in the LPG tuning range achieved by side polishing the grating section of the fibre.
Natural Course of Orbital Roof Fractures
Authors: Stam Liselotte H. M. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Schubert Warren , Koudstaal Maarten J.
Published: June 2014

The natural course of several isolated and nonisolated orbital roof fractures is reported, by showing four cases in which a “wait and see” policy was followed. All four cases showed spontaneous repositioning and stabilizing of the fracture within less than a year. This might be explained by the equilibrium between the intraorbital and intracranial pressures.
The effects of two internal rotations in the microwave spectrum of ethyl methyl ketone
Authors: Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Van Vinh , Stahl Wolfgang , Kleiner Isabelle
Published: June 2014

The rotational spectra of ethyl methyl ketone, CH3CH2COCH3, were measured in the microwave region from 2 to 40 GHz using two molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometers. Splittings due to internal rotations of both, the acetyl methyl group −COCH3 and the ethyl methyl group CH3CH2CO−, could be completely resolved. All measured transitions were fitted using two different codes, XIAM and BELGI-Cs-2Tops. Molecular parameters like the rotational constants and the centrifugal distortion constants were determined with very high accuracy. The barrier to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group was fitted to 181.502(98) cm−1, much lower than the value of 763.87(65) cm−1 found for the ethyl methyl group. The splittings in the spectrum due to internal rotation of the acetyl methyl group are accordingly much larger, up to 1.2 GHz, whereas for the ethyl methyl group only splittings from a few hundreds of kHz up to 4 MHz were observed.
Using Markov state models to study self-assembly
Authors: Perkett Matthew R. , Hagan Michael F.
Published: June 2014

Markov state models (MSMs) have been demonstrated to be a powerful method for computationally studying intramolecular processes such as protein folding and macromolecular conformational changes. In this article, we present a new approach to construct MSMs that is applicable to modeling a broad class of multi-molecular assembly reactions. Distinct structures formed during assembly are distinguished by their undirected graphs, which are defined by strong subunit interactions. Spatial inhomogeneities of free subunits are accounted for using a recently developed Gaussian-based signature. Simplifications to this state identification are also investigated. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated on two different coarse-grained models for virus self-assembly. We find good agreement between the dynamics predicted by the MSMs and long, unbiased simulations, and that the MSMs can reduce overall simulation time by orders of magnitude.
Accurate prediction of the linear viscoelastic properties of highly entangled mono and bidisperse polymer melts
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos S. , Mavrantzas Vlasis G.
Published: June 2014

We present a hierarchical computational methodology which permits the accurate prediction of the linear viscoelastic properties of entangled polymer melts directly from the chemical structure, chemical composition, and molecular architecture of the constituent chains. The method entails three steps: execution of long molecular dynamics simulations with moderately entangled polymer melts, self-consistent mapping of the accumulated trajectories onto a tube model and parameterization or fine-tuning of the model on the basis of detailed simulation data, and use of the modified tube model to predict the linear viscoelastic properties of significantly higher molecular weight (MW) melts of the same polymer. Predictions are reported for the zero-shear-rate viscosity η0 and the spectra of storage G′(ω) and loss G″(ω) moduli for several mono and bidisperse cis- and trans-1,4 polybutadiene melts as well as for their MW dependence, and are found to be in remarkable agreement with experimentally measured rheological data.
Effects of perturbations and radial profiles on ignition of inertial confinement fusion hotspots
Authors: Taylor S. , Chittenden J. P.
Published: June 2014

Perturbations of inertial confinement fusion hotspots from spherical symmetry cause an increase in the implosion velocity required for ignition, as investigated analytically by [R. Kishony and D. Shvarts, Phys. Plasmas 8, 4925 (2001)] and in numerical studies by many authors. In this paper, we analyse the mechanisms behind this effect by comparing fully 3D fluid simulations of National Ignition Facility targets to a novel analytic model of the thermal energy balance of the hotspot. The analytic model takes into account the radial variation of the state variables within the hotspot and provides an accurate relationship between the hotspot's 0D parameters (ρc, Tc, R, uR, and q) and its heating and cooling rates. The dominant effect of perturbations appears to be an increase in the inflow velocity at the hotspot's surface due to transverse flow of material between perturbation structures, causing premature thermalisation of kinetic energy before the hotspot is fully compressed. In hotspots with a broad perturbation spectrum, thermalisation of energy is inhibited by nonradial motion introduced by mode-mode interaction, reducing the yield further.
In-vacuum active electronics for microfabricated ion traps
Authors: Guise Nicholas D. , Fallek Spencer D. , Hayden Harley , Pai C-S , Volin Curtis , Brown K. R. , Merrill J. True , Harter Alexa W. , Amini Jason M. , Lust Lisa M. , Muldoon Kelly , Carlson Doug , Budach Jerry
Published: June 2014

The advent of microfabricated ion traps for the quantum information community has allowed research groups to build traps that incorporate an unprecedented number of trapping zones. However, as device complexity has grown, the number of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) channels needed to control these devices has grown as well, with some of the largest trap assemblies now requiring nearly one hundred DAC channels. Providing electrical connections for these channels into a vacuum chamber can be bulky and difficult to scale beyond the current numbers of trap electrodes. This paper reports on the development and testing of an in-vacuum DAC system that uses only 9 vacuum feedthrough connections to control a 78-electrode microfabricated ion trap. The system is characterized by trapping single and multiple 40Ca+ ions. The measured axial mode stability, ion heating rates, and transport fidelities for a trapped ion are comparable to systems with external (air-side) commercial DACs.
Higher order interaction of elastic waves in weakly nonlinear hollow circular cylinders. I. Analytical foundation
Authors: Liu Yang , Lissenden Cliff J. , Rose Joseph L.
Published: June 2014

A mathematical framework to analyze the cumulative behavior of higher order harmonic generation due to the interaction of two collimated waves in a weakly nonlinear hollow circular cylinder is formulated in this article. A total number of (N + 1)(N + 2)/2 − 3 nonlinear boundary problems are formulated due to the Nth order mode interactions in a cylinder with Kth order nonlinearity (N ≤ K). The cumulative criteria for the second order harmonics (second harmonics, sum and difference harmonics) due to the quadratic interactions of two waves are examined based on the nonlinear forcing terms in curvilinear coordinates. These criteria are formulated by a synchronism condition, the circumferential orders of the primary modes, as well as the nature of the primary and the secondary wave fields, i.e., torsional or longitudinal. A generalized analysis that provides insight into the cumulative nature of the Nth order harmonics by Nth order interaction of two collimated waves is conducted by considering a cylinder with strain energy function written as Murnaghan's power series. The nature of the cumulative Nth order harmonics can be determined by the parity of the number of times the primary waves interact, and their circumferential orders.
Higher order interaction of elastic waves in weakly nonlinear hollow circular cylinders. II. Physical interpretation and numerical results
Authors: Liu Yang , Khajeh Ehsan , Lissenden Cliff J. , Rose Joseph L.
Published: June 2014

A plate ray perspective for elastic wave propagation in hollow circular cylinders is presented in order to excite a predominant flexural mode, which in turn generates higher order harmonics due to nonlinear material behavior. The scattering angles are determined for the internally resonant higher order harmonics due to the interactions of two collimated waves. Primary waves that can generate strongly cumulative higher order harmonics are identified for mode self interactions and mutual interactions. A helical inter-digital transducer has been designed for the excitation of a single dominant flexural mode. Numerical evaluations that demonstrate cumulative second harmonic generation are undertaken for both torsional and longitudinal flexural waves. Quadratic sum and difference harmonic generation is observed for the mutual interaction between two primary torsional flexural wave modes.
Conformations, transverse fluctuations, and crossover dynamics of a semi-flexible chain in two dimensions
Authors: Huang Aiqun , Bhattacharya Aniket , Binder Kurt
Published: June 2014

We present a unified scaling description for the dynamics of monomers of a semiflexible chain under good solvent condition in the free draining limit. We consider both the cases where the contour length L is comparable to the persistence length ℓp and the case L ≫ ℓp. Our theory captures the early time monomer dynamics of a stiff chain characterized by t3/4 dependence for the mean square displacement of the monomers, but predicts a first crossover to the Rouse regime of t2ν/1 + 2ν for \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\tau _1 \sim \ell _p^3$\end{document}τ1∼ℓp3, and a second crossover to the purely diffusive dynamics for the entire chain at τ2 ∼ L5/2. We confirm the predictions of this scaling description by studying monomer dynamics of dilute solution of semi-flexible chains under good solvent conditions obtained from our Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation studies for a large choice of chain lengths with number of monomers per chain N = 16–2048 and persistence length ℓp = 1–500 Lennard-Jones units. These BD simulation results further confirm the absence of Gaussian regime for a two-dimensional (2D) swollen chain from the slope of the plot of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\langle R_N^2 \rangle /2L \ell _p \sim L/\ell _p$\end{document}⟨RN2⟩/2Lℓp∼L/ℓp which around L/ℓp ∼ 1 changes suddenly from (L/ℓp) → (L/ℓp)0.5, also manifested in the power law decay for the bond autocorrelation function disproving the validity of the worm-like-chain in 2D. We further observe that the normalized transverse fluctuations of the semiflexible chains for different stiffness \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\sqrt{\langle l_{\bot }^2\rangle }/L$\end{document}⟨l⊥2⟩/L as a function of renormalized contour length L/ℓp collapse on the same master plot and exhibits power law scaling \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\sqrt{\langle l_{\bot }^2\rangle }/L \sim (L/\ell _p)^\eta$\end{document}⟨l⊥2⟩/L∼(L/ℓp)η at extreme limits, where η = 0.5 for extremely stiff chains (L/ℓp ≫ 1), and η = −0.25 for fully flexible chains. Finally, we compare the radial distribution functions obtained from our simulation studies with those obtained analytically.
Solvation force simulations in atomic force microscopy
Authors: Xu Rong-Guang , Leng Yongsheng
Published: June 2014

Solvation force oscillation in octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (OMCTS) versus the distance between an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and mica substrate has been studied through molecular dynamics simulations. A driving spring model in a liquid-vapor molecular ensemble is used to explore the force oscillation mechanism. It has been found that OMCTS fluid in tip-substrate contact has a strong tendency to form a layered structure, starting from n = 8 layers. The force profile obtained from simulation is qualitatively similar to those in contact mode AFM experiments. However, the bulk-like diffusion and rotation of OMCTS molecules underneath the AFM tip suggest that, under the tip-substrate confinement geometry, the layered OMCTS film cannot form a solidified structure except under n = 2 extreme contact-layer confinement.
Verification methodology for plasma simulations and application to a scrape-off layer turbulence code
Authors: Riva Fabio , Ricci Paolo , Halpern Federico D. , Jolliet Sébastien , Loizu Joaquim , Mosetto Annamaria
Published: June 2014

Bridging the gap between plasma physics and other scientific domains, in particular, the computational fluid dynamics community, a general, rigorous, and simple-to-apply methodology is presented for both the verification of the correct implementation of the model equations (code verification) and numerical error quantification (solution verification). The proposed code verification procedure consists in using the method of manufactured solutions and executing an order-of-accuracy test, assessing the rate of convergence of the numerical solution to the manufactured one. For the solution verification, the numerical error is quantified by applying the Richardson extrapolation, which provides an approximation of the analytical solution, and by using the grid convergence index to estimate the numerical uncertainty affecting the simulation results. The methodology is applied to verify the correct implementation of the drift-reduced Braginskii equations into the GBS code, and to estimate the numerical error affecting the GBS solutions. The GBS code is successfully verified, and an estimate of the numerical error affecting the simulation results is provided.
The sound velocity throughout the P-ρ phase-space with application to laser induced shock wave in matter precompressed by a diamond anvil cell
Authors: Nissim N. , Eliezer S. , Werdiger M.
Published: June 2014

This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the sound velocity of solid matter throughout the P−ρ phase-space, by using the Grüneisen equation of state and the knowledge of the cold curve. In particular, the method was used to calculate the sound velocity of Al, Ta, and W along the principal Hugoniot with the use of two different cold curves from the literature. One is a calculated cold curve based on shock wave parameters and the other is an approximation to the cold curve from an experimental 298 K isotherm from quasi-static measurements. These two curves were found to be inconsistent for Ta. The results of the calculated sound velocity from these curves were compared to experimental results for all three materials. The calculated sound velocity was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, although, for Ta there is a large discrepancy in the sound velocity calculated from the two input cold curves at the highest pressures. Also, an independent experimental method to measure the pressure dependence of the sound velocity is presented. The proposed experimental setup is based on a laser-shocked sample precompressed in a diamond anvil cell. As a consistency check, the results for such an experiment were calculated and are in good agreement with experimental data.
Zigzag-shaped piezoelectric based high performance magnetoelectric laminate composite
Authors: Cho Kyung-Hoon , Yan Yongke , Folgar Christian , Priya Shashank
Published: June 2014

We demonstrate a 33-mode piezoelectric structure with zigzag shape for high sensitivity magnetoelectric laminates. In contrast to the 33-mode macro fiber composite (MFC), this zigzag shape piezoelectric layer excludes epoxy bonding layer between the electrode and piezoelectric materials, thereby, significantly improving the polarization degree, electromechanical coupling, and the stability of loss characteristics. The polarization degree was monitored from the change in phase angle near resonance, and the loss stability was determined from the changes in dielectric loss and rate of capacitance variation defined by (C − Cf)/Cf, where C is capacitance at a given frequency and Cf is capacitance at 100 Hz. Magnetoelectric composite with zigzag patterned piezoelectric layer was found to exhibit giant magnetoelectric response both in low frequency off-resonance region (6.75 V cm−1 Oe−1 at 1 kHz) and at anti-resonance frequency (357 V cm−1 Oe−1).
Numerical investigation of vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with a hinged flat plate
Authors: Wu J. , Shu C. , Zhao N.
Published: June 2014

The flow characteristics of the vortex-induced vibration of an elastically mounted circular cylinder with a hinged flat plate are investigated numerically in this study. By fixing the Reynolds number, the mass ratio, the damping ratio, and the plate length, we systematically examine the influence of the reduced velocities of cylinder and plate as well as the ratio of moment of inertia on the flow behaviors. With the help of the hinged plate, the cylinder vibration and the force fluctuations can be efficiently suppressed. Meanwhile, the drag force can also be reduced significantly compared to the situation of an isolated cylinder. Moreover, because of the large pitching angle of the hinged plate, smoother vortex shedding can be observed.
Communication: Kinetic and pairing contributions in the dielectric spectra of electrolyte solutions
Authors: Sega M. , Kantorovich S. S. , Holm C. , Arnold A.
Published: June 2014

In the late 1970s, Hubbard and Onsager predicted that adding salt to a polar solution would result in a reduced dielectric permittivity that arises from the unexpected tendency of solvent dipoles to align opposite to the applied field. Here we develop a novel non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation approach to determine this decrement accurately. Using a thermodynamic consistent all-atom force field we show that for an aqueous solution containing sodium chloride around 4.8 mol/l, this effect accounts for 12% of the total dielectric permittivity. The dielectric decrement can be strikingly different if a less accurate force field for the ions is used. Using the widespread GROMOS parameters, we observe in fact an increment of the dielectric permittivity rather than a decrement, caused by ion pairing and introduced by a too low dispersion force.
Temperature dependence of the optical characteristics and surface plasmon resonance of core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Daneshfar Nader
Published: June 2014

The temperature dependence of the optical absorption of core-shell nanoparticles is investigated in the framework of the quasi-static approximation at finite temperature with regarding to the Maxwell-Garnett model for random nanocomposite. The effect of temperature on the surface plasmon resonance and spectral properties of core-shell nanoparticles is studied by performing the Drude-Lorentz model for spherical and cylindrical core-shell nanoparticles. The role of temperature and composite material on the intensity and position of spectrum is investigated and interpreted. Since the dominant mechanism of the surface plasmon resonance broadening is the electron-phonon scattering; thus, the electron-phonon, electron-electron, and surface scattering has been considered. It is observed that the resonance frequencies of this type of nanostructures can be tuned by varying the dimensions of particles. The temperature dependence of the surface plasmon resonance and optical absorption leads to a broadening and spectral shift.
Electroluminescence from the sidewall quantum wells in the V-shaped pits of InGaN light emitting diodes
Authors: Wu Xiaoming , Liu Junlin , Quan Zhijue , Xiong Chuanbing , Zheng Changda , Zhang Jianli , Mao Qinghua , Jiang Fengyi
Published: June 2014

InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes with heavily Mg doped and unintentionally doped (UID) low-temperature Al0.2Ga0.8N electron blocking layer (EBL) were investigated. Broad short-wavelength electroluminescence peak, which has strong relative intensity to the main emission, was found in the UID-EBL sample at cryogenic temperatures. Study suggests that the broad peak is emitted by the sidewall MQWs. This result indicates that the electroluminescence of sidewall MQWs, in which the carrier density is high enough, can be detected at cryogenic temperatures. The lineshape variation with current density reveals detailed information on the process of carrier injection into the sidewall MQWs.