bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengetahuan dan Hubungannya dengan Prilaku Genital Hygiene dan SADARI pada Awal Remaja Putri
Authors: Istiani Hari Ghanesia , Rokhmiati Eka
Published: July 2024

Remaja merupakan sosok yang dinamis dalam berperilaku dalam kesehariannya. Hampir sebagian besar remaja awal memiliki pengetahuan buruk dan perilaku yang kurang mendukung terhadap perawatan organ intim dan payudara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan perilaku genital hygiene dan SADARI. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan berhubungan dengan perilaku genital hygiene (p-value: 0,006) dan perilaku SADARI (p-value: 0,002). Artinya semakin baik pengetahuan seseorang, maka semakin baik pula perilakunya. Melakukan SADARI sebagai bentuk usaha pencegahan dini kanker payudara sudah dilakukan sebagian besar responden, namun lebih banyak responden yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan tersebut. Tidak kalah penting perilaku genital hygiene sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit yang menyerang daerah intim perempuan. Dukungan keluarga, teman dan guru di sekolah merupakan faktor penguat dari pembentukan perilaku seseorang. Diharapkan sekolah bekerja sama dengan pihak puskesmas untuk memaksimalkan program UKS dan konseling terkait kesehatan reproduksi remaja, begitu pula dengan keluarga yang diharapkan mampu mendampingi dan memberikan dukungan kepada remaja putri agar dapat melalui masa pubertas dengan baik.
Penatalaksanaan Pertolongan Pertama Balita Sakit Berbasis MTBS untuk Mencegah Stunting di Desa Cikunir Tasikmalaya
Authors: Apriasih Hapi
Published: July 2024

Masa balita merupakan masa rentan terhadap berbagai permasalahan kesehatan diantaranya stunting, salah satu penyebabnya adalah riwayat penyakit infeksi serta faktor genetik yang meningkatan kejadian kesakitan dan kematian,  dan dapat menyebabkan perkembangan kognitif, motorik, dan verbal pada anak tidak optimal, serta peningkatan biaya kesehatan. Saat ini pengelolaan balita sakit oleh para tenaga kesehatan berbasis Manajemen terpadu balita sakit bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan anak serta kualitas pelayanan kesehatan anak, dan dimasa pandemic covid 19 ini seharusnya para orangtua mampu melaksanakan penanganan awal balita sakit di rumah. Metode Penelitian adalah Deskriptif, dengan sampel 24 ibu yang mempunyai balita sakit. Hasil penelitian didapatkan penatalaksanaan pertolongan pertama dengan batuk adalah dikompres sebanyak 60%, diberi obat sebanyak 20%, dibalur minyak dan tidak tahu 10%. Pada balita diare adalah 50 % diberi oralit, 25 % diberi balur daun-daunan, bawang minyak. Pada balita dengan demam adalah balur daun-daunan, bawang, minyak dan diberi obat batuk sebanyak 33%, dan dibawa ke dokter 22 %, dan 12 % diberi banyak minum air putih, istirahat yang cukup, kepala diposisikan lebih tinggi dan olesan balsam khusus untuk anak dan penatalaksanaan masalah infeksi telinga adalah langsung dibawa ke dokter spesialis. Dapat disimpulkan pertolongan balita sakit mengkombinasikan antara pengobatan medis dan tradisional.
El papel de la inteligencia artificial en la personalización de la educación
Authors: Yépez Álvarez Lenin Darío , Jirón Febre Telmo Iván , Rumbaut Rangel Dayron , Jurado Martínez Gabriela
Published: July 2024

No es de desconocimiento el cómo la tecnología ha ido avanzando en la sociedad, en la actualidad, la sociedad ha entrado a una nueva etapa, la era de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), cada vez van apareciendo muchas herramientas las cuales cuentan con IA y dentro de la educación es un tema de gran interés desde el ámbito pedagógico y tecnológico (Garcia Peñz, Mora Marcillo, & Ávila Ramírez, 2020), debido a la capacidad de la IA para examinar datos y adaptar contenidos de manera personalizada la cual puede ser aplicada en el campo educativo. Según el Diseño Universal para el Aprendizaje (DUA) se debe tomar en cuenta, dentro del marco educativo, que todos los estudiantes aprenden de diferentes maneras, además de buscar la inclusión de los alumnos con diferentes capacidades (Espada Chavarría, Gallegos Condoy, & González Montesino, 2019), es aquí en donde la IA facilita el proceso de recolección de datos como podría ser las respuestas a los cuestionarios, participación en las actividades en línea y comportamientos de navegación, ayudando de esta manera a construir perfiles de aprendizaje los cuales vayan al ritmo de aprendizaje de los discentes. La individualización mediante la IA permitirá fomentar un entorno educativo inclusivo y eficaz. Es imperativo evitar que la IA suprima la interacción humana, ya que la relación entre profesor y estudiante es esencial. No obstante, resulta crucial afrontar los desafíos y asegurar una aplicación ética y eficaz de la IA en la individualización educativa, a medida que la tecnología avanza.
Sử dụng phương pháp phân tích thứ bậc mờ (FAHP) để xếp hạng các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến ứng dụng công nghệ điện toán đám mây tại các ngân hàng Việt Nam
Authors: Chu Thị Bích Hạnh , Đỗ Quang Hưng
Published: July 2024

Công nghệ điện toán đám mây (Cloud computing) được ứng dụng rất nhiều trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng. Nhờ đó, các ngân hàng có thể tăng tốc độ xử lý và khả năng xử lý dữ liệu trong công việc. Mục tiêu của bài báo này là xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến việc áp dụng công nghệ điện toán đám mây dựa trên khung lý thuyết TOEH (Technology - Organization - Environment - Human) và đánh giá mức độ quan trọng của nhân tố này trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng bằng cách sử dụng phương pháp phân tích thứ bậc mờ (Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process - FAHP). Kết quả nghiên cứu chỉ ra rằng trong 15 nhân tố thì các nhân tố sự tin tưởng của khách hàng, môi trường pháp lý, an toàn và bảo mật thông tin là những nhân tố quan trọng nhất để áp dụng công nghệ điện toán đám mây trong ngân hàng. Các thảo luận và đề xuất cũng được trình bày. Kết quả của nghiên cứu là tài liệu tham khảo cho các nhà cung cấp dịch vụ công nghệ thông tin, các nhà quản lý và các cơ quan chính phủ trong việc thúc đẩy sử dụng các công nghệ tiên tiến trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng tại Việt Nam.
A Case Study in How Covid Affected Grades for Different Student Demographics
Authors: Moodie Douglas R. , Keefe Alison
Published: July 2024

Most people use a course grade as a rough indicator of learning achieved in a course. This investigation looked at the effect of Covid on mean course grades by teaching method, student demographics, and college. It showed that there is a clear pattern of mean course grade increase in Spring 20 for different modalities, demographics, and colleges, with a slow decline thereafter to above pre-Covid levels. This pattern holds except in the Honors college which had the opposite pattern. The results also show that hybrid courses clearly maintain the highest mean grade level throughout the timeframe. Since the patterns were consistent across modalities, demographics, and colleges, these metrics don’t affect mean grade patterns. These results may provide a clue that average grades and GPA are not good indicators of student learning. Although GPA is often the only indicator one has, this study discusses the use of course grades as a measure of learning and how effective it is.
Reviving Readership on Campus in the Age of Internet Through Extra-Curricular Activities
Authors: Ali Muhammad Asim , Memon Abdul Aziz
Published: July 2024

Due to the proliferation of ubiquitous internet and smart gadgets, the culture of book reading has been on the decline; lack of this important quality is clearly reflected in the social awareness, creativity, and critical thinking skills of university students. This paper examines the impact of gadgets, online education, and entertainment on academic and recreational book reading. This article presents a brief account of extra-curricular intervention aimed at promoting voluntary readership among university students. Qualitative data was collected through pre and post intervention surveys and via observation. A preliminary survey provided profound insight into the leisure reading habits of the students and extent of reliance on digital gadgets and online resources as a primary source for gathering information. The efficacy of proposed intervention was evaluated through the program mentor and exit survey feedback. According to the survey results the proposed intervention achieved fruitful results; According to authors there is no quick fix to this problem; coherent and consorted efforts are needed to impede the adverse effects of digital technology on university students.
PKM Pengembangan Website sebagai Media Promosi Pulau Soop, Kota Sorong
Authors: Mohammad Arief Nur Wahyudien  , Mirga Maulana Rachmadhani  , Siti Nur Kayatun  , Muhammad Rizki Setyawan  , Rahmatullah Bin Arsyad  , Umar Rusli Marasabessy  , Marlinda Indah Eka Budiarti  , Bekti Wiji Lestari
Published: July 2024

Papua Barat Daya adalah provinsi di Timur Indonesia yang masih jarang dikunjungi wisatawan. Provinsi ini kaya akan sumber daya alam, dengan tanah subur yang cocok untuk pertanian dan lautan dengan keanekaragaman biota laut. Salah satu destinasi menarik di Papua Barat Daya adalah Pulau Soop, dengan luas sekitar 2,67 km² dan populasi 1.378 jiwa. Pulau Soop dapat dicapai dalam 20 menit menggunakan kapal boat dari pelabuhan SAR. Pulau Soop menawarkan pantai indah dengan pepohonan kelapa yang rimbun, menciptakan suasana asri. Pulau ini memiliki tempat wisata bahari menarik seperti Pantai Pasir Putih, Goa Jepang, Sumur Belanda, dan Tanjung Lampu. Semua tempat ini menawarkan pengalaman unik bagi pengunjung. Namun, informasi tentang potensi alam dan wisata Pulau Soop masih terbatas dan belum banyak dipublikasikan. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dengan membuat situs web informasi untuk memperkenalkan Pulau Soop kepada masyarakat dan wisatawan. Situs web ini memberikan informasi komprehensif tentang keindahan dan potensi wisata Pulau Soop. Diharapkan, melalui situs web ini, Pulau Soop bisa lebih dikenal, menarik lebih banyak wisatawan, dan membantu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat setempat melalui pengembangan sektor pariwisata.
Effects of buccal cavity parasite Ceratothoa carinata (Isopoda, Cymothoidae) on the condition and reproduction of its host fish Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi
Authors: Nakano R , Okumura Y , Hata H
Published: July 2024

All species of the isopod family Cymothoidae are obligate fish parasites, extracting nourishment through hematophagy and tissue consumption. To elucidate the detrimental effects of this parasitic relationship upon the host fish, we examined body length, weight of body, gonad, liver and stomach contents, and condition factor of Japanese scad Decapterus maruadsi infected with the buccal cavity parasite Ceratothoa carinata in different seasons. During the host fish’s breeding season in July, the wet weight and condition factor of male and female host fish ages 1 and 2 were conspicuously diminished. No impacts were detected in September, after the breeding season. We found no impact of the parasite on the stomach content weight or signs of prey fish in the stomachs. Thus, parasite infection with C. carinata potentially diminishes the reproductive success of the host fish by negatively impacting the host’s physiological condition, particularly during the breeding season.
Changing Paradigms in Management
Authors: Székely Blanka
Published: July 2024

This paper delves into the dynamic landscape of contemporary management, investigating the profound shifts in paradigms that have redefined the principles and practices guiding organizational leadership. In a rapidly changing world marked by technological advancements, globalization, and evolving societal expectations, traditional management models are undergoing unprecedented transformations. The research begins by tracing the historical evolution of management paradigms, from classical theories to modern frameworks, and subsequently examines the catalysts propelling the current paradigm shift. Key focus areas include the impact of technological innovations, the rise of remote work, and the imperative for sustainable and socially responsible business practices. Through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and empirical analysis, the study aims to identify key trends and patterns characterizing the new paradigms. Furthermore, the paper explores the practical implications of these evolving paradigms on organizational structures, leadership styles, and strategic decision-making. It considers the role of innovation, collaboration, and inclusivity in fostering success amidst the complexities of the modern business environment. In conclusion, the findings of this research contribute valuable insights for leaders of contemporary management. This paper offers valuable insights for leaders, managers, and seeking to navigate the challenges and leverage the opportunities presented by the ever-changing landscape of organizational management.
Australian School Based Interventions Addressing Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gunawardena Harshi , Voukelatos Alexander , Wilson Rachel , Cross Shane , Hickie Ian B.
Published: July 2024

Aim: Prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents is between 3% to 30% worldwide. Since countries differ in geopolitical contexts, the World Health Organization (WHO) called for a coordinated effort to report on local contexts. We aim to address this gap by providing a review of effectiveness of Australian school-based mental health interventions and identifying success factors for school-based implementation.

Method: Articles published about Australian schools between 2010–2022 were reviewed using the following databases: A+ Education, Bibliomap, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, DoPHER, Embase, Epistemonikos, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and TRoPHI EPPI. Of the 8,101 articles selected, 32 met inclusion criteria and included n = 27,471 participants.

Results: Eighteen percent of the total number of participants in school-based interventions reported small to medium results and 2% reported a high intervention effect with short-term results. Four possible success factors emerged: first, multidisciplinary care with family, government agencies, and local community organizations. Second, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), however, there were mixed results indicating that more research is needed focusing on specific areas, such as gamified CBT-online for youth. The third success factor was social and emotional learning, and the fourth included a range of emerging therapies, such as mindfulness, animal therapy, music and nature walks.

Conclusion: Our results show that the mental health of Australian children and adolescents needs urgent attention by way of improved program rigor and establishing a systematic evidence base of best practice. With increased numbers of children and adolescents presenting with mental disorders in schools, our research indicates the need for delivering high-quality programs in partnership with external healthcare agencies and improving school capacity for triage, early detection, and intervention.
A rigorous proof of the Riemann hypothesis
Authors: Abe Yukitaka
Published: July 2024

We prove the Riemann hypothesis by a new analytic approach.
Examining the Role of Hockey Leadership to Foster Inclusive Coaching Practices: Discussions from Atlantic Canada
Authors: LeVatte Lynn , Phillips Christina , Ranni Shaun , MacRae Sarah , O’Rourke Kristin
Published: July 2024

Coaching has been widely examined in the sport of ice hockey. Technical skill development, player management, and the ability to improve performance have been very notable areas of inquiry. As the critical roles of coaching leadership and communication become clearer, there is limited research available which explores the context of inclusive hockey coaching leadership to support more equitable practices. This paper will focus on specific data extracted from a previous study completed by the authors in which general hockey leadership skills and professional development were explored. This paper will present the outcomes of fostering inclusion and diversity from a coaching lens. Thirteen minor hockey coaches from Atlantic Canada (i.e., who are members of the Atlantic Hockey Group) participated in this qualitative study. Semi structured interviews were conducted online or in-person. A thematic analysis was used to explore data obtained from the interviews. Results revealed that coaches had limited communication training experience when working with diverse abilities, age groups, languages, genders, or cultures. Limited professional development specific to inclusive training was noted by participants. Our results demonstrated that various self-led leadership strategies were utilized to promote inclusive practices such as informal community-peer mentorship opportunities, and small group instructional sessions. Overall, the results give us insights into coaches’ experiences with inclusive leadership and highlight current gaps. During the conclusion, future recommendations for continued study, specifically within leadership training for diversity within ice hockey, are offered.
Dukungan Sosial Teman Sebaya Dan Tingkat Depresi Lansia
Authors: Salami Salami , Atikah Nur , Nugraha Nandang Jamiat
Published: July 2024

Di Indonesia lansia yang mengalami depresi mencapai 23.4%, sebagian besar mereka yang tinggal di panti. Hal tersebut dikarenakan perasaan bosan dan kesepian. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan dukungan sosial dari teman-temannya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan tingkat depresi pada lansia di Griya Lansia Ciparay Kabupaten Bandung. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif korelasi dengan rancangan cross-sectional. 68 responden diambil sebagai sample dengan teknik purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dukungan sosial teman sebaya dan Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form untuk mengukur tingkat depresi. Hasil analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar (52,9%) dukungan sosial teman sebaya termasuk kategori kurang. Dari empat domain dukungan (informasional, instrumental, emosional dan persahabatan) sebagian besar lansia ( 63,2%) dan 58,8% melaporkan dukungan informational dan persahabatan yang kurang Sedangkan berdasarkan tingkat depresi 20.6% lansia menderita depresi ringan sisanya adalah normal Berdasarkan analisis rank spearman menunjukkan p-value sebesar 0,031 < α (0,05), artinya terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara dukungan sosial teman sebaya dengan tingkat depresi lansia. Nilai r = -0,261 menunjukkan tingkat keeratan cukup. Disarankan kepada pengurus panti untuk lebih meningkatkan yaitu dinamika aktivitas kelompok pada lansia.
Eksplorasi Pengalaman Partisipasi Suami Dalam Penggunaan Kontrasepsi Vasektomi
Authors: Aulia Fika , Putri Rr. Sri Nuriati Masdi , Puteri Mahfuzhah Deswita , Lestari Pratiwi Puji
Published: July 2024

Vasektomi merupakan kontrasepsi pria efektif dan aman dengan angka kegagalan kurang dari 0, l-0,15%, namun masih rendah peminatnya. Penambahan jumlah akseptor Vasektomi pada tahun 2020 di Banjarmasin sejumlah 8 akseptor. Angka ini tergolong rendah yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif dalam pencapaian Program Keluarga Berencana (KB). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengeksplorasi pengalaman yang melatarbelakangi partisipasi suami dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi vasektomi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengambilan informan dengan purposive sampling. Sampel diperoleh dengan prinsip kecukupan yaitu sebanyak 6 informan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan partisipasi suami dalam penggunaan kontrasepsi vasektomi meliputi persepsi dan alasan yang melatar belakangi. Persepsi meliputi: KB merupakan tugas perempuan, namun jika kondisi tidak memungkinkan dapat dilakukan oleh laki-laki dengan alasan menggantikan peran istri dan membantu tugas istri. Alasan suami menjadi akseptor vasektomi meliputi: alasan ekonomi, alasan kesehatan, alasan sudah tidak ingin memiliki anak, adanya kesempatan layanan vasektomi dari petugas pemerintah. Disarankan adanya optimalisasi peran fasilitas pemberi pelayanan KB karena sangat potensial untuk meningkatkan jumlah akseptor vasektomi.
Sedentary Lifestyle Pada Penderita Hipertensi
Authors: Platini Hesti , Maulana Indra Maulana , Kosim  , Widia Hastuti
Published: July 2024

Sedentary time merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang besar mengingat tingginyaprevalensi dan biaya kesehatan. Kondisi hipertensi dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas fisik, sehingga sedentary lifestyle menjadi salah satu faktor resiko yang dapat terjadi pada penderita hipertensi akibat kondisi kesehatan maupun faktor lain. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sedentary lifestyle pada pasien yang mengalami hipertensi Metode Penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlahresponden sebanyak 75 dengan tekhnik pengambilan sampel yaitu probability/ random sampling. Pada penelitian ini sedentary lifestyle kemudian dikategorikan menjadi 3 tingkat yaitu ringan, sedang, dan berat berdasarkan durasi penggunaaan waktu sedentary. Kriteri inklusi yaitu pasien dengan hipertensi grade 1, bersedia menjadi responden. Kuesioner dalam penelitian ini yaitu The Sedentary Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Tingkat sedentary lifestyle pada penderita hipertensi yaitu kategori sedang (56%). Aktivitas fisik yaitu rata-rata 52 jam/minggu. Kesimpulannya sedentary lifestyle pada penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa aktivitas pada penderita hipertensi berada pada level sedang. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa aktivitas fisik responden mengarah kepada kurangnya aktivitas fisik. Sehingga perawat perlu mencegah masalah Kesehatan atau komplikasi yang berkaitan dengan sedentary lifestyle.
Design, fabrication, and evaluation of single- and multi-level 3D-printed non-covering cervical spinal fusion surgery templates
Authors: Safahieh A. H. , Nazemi H. , Arjmand N. , Azimi P. , Khalaf K.
Published: July 2024

Background

Cervical spinal fusion surgeries require accurate placement of the pedicle screws. Any misplacement/misalignment of these screws may lead to injuries to the spinal cord, arteries and other organs. Template guides have emerged as accurate and cost-effective tools for the safe and rapid insertions of pedicle screws.

Questions/Purposes

Novel patient-specific single- and multi-level non-covering templates for cervical pedicle screw insertions were designed, 3D-printed, and evaluated.

Methods

CT scans of two patients were acquired to reconstruct their 3D spine model. Two sets of single-level (C3-C7) and multi-level (C4-C6) templates were designed and 3D-printed. Pedicle screws were inserted into the 3D-printed vertebrae by free-hand and guided techniques. For single-level templates, a total of 40 screws (2 patients × 5 vertebrae × 2 methods × 2 screws) and for multi-level templates 24 screws (2 patients × 3 vertebrae × 2 methods × 2 screws) were inserted by an experienced surgeon. Postoperative CT images were acquired to measure the errors of the entry point, 3D angle, as well as axial and sagittal plane angles of the inserted screws as compared to the initial pre-surgery designs. Accuracy of free-hand and guided screw insertions, as well as those of the single- and multi-level guides, were also compared using paired t-tests.

Results

Despite the minimal removal of soft tissues, the 3D-printed templates had acceptable stability on the vertebrae during drillings and their utilization led to statistically significant reductions in all error variables. The mean error of entry point decreased from 3.02 mm (free-hand) to 0.29 mm (guided) using the single-level templates and from 5.7 mm to 0.76 mm using the multi-level templates. The percentage reduction in mean of other error variables for, respectively, single- and multi-level templates were as follows: axial plane angle: 72% and 87%, sagittal plane angle: 56% and 78%, and 3D angle: 67% and 83%. The error variables for the multi-level templates generally exceeded those of the single-level templates. The use of single- and multi-level templates also considerably reduced the duration of pedicle screw placements.

Conclusion

The novel single- and multi-level non-covering templates are valuable tools for the accurate placement of cervical pedicle screws.
Modelling periodontitis in vitro: engineering strategies and biofilm model development
Authors: Wang Cong , Xu Tian , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath , Ong Louis Jun Ye , Zhou Yinghong
Published: July 2024

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with dysbiosis in subgingival plaque biofilm, characterised by damage to the periodontal tissues, eventually leading to tooth loss. Hence, the pathophysiology of periodontitis and interaction between subgingival plaque and host tissue under various environmental cues are central to the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Therefore, engineering biofilm models that mimic in vivo pathophysiology is crucial to obtaining a clear insight into the pathology and developing targeted therapeutic methods. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the engineering strategies employed of modelling oral biofilms focusing on surface attachment, fluid microenvironment, gas environment, shear force, microbial-host interaction and offer insights into the ongoing challenges and future perspectives, which will enable the development of novel physiological relevant models for oral biofilms.
Hepatocyte programmed cell death: the trigger for inflammation and fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
Authors: Cheng Zilu , Chu Huikuan , Seki Ekihiro , Lin Rong , Yang Ling
Published: July 2024

By replacing and removing defective or infected cells, programmed cell death (PCD) contributes to homeostasis maintenance and body development, which is ubiquitously present in mammals and can occur at any time. Besides apoptosis, more novel modalities of PCD have been described recently, such as necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy-dependent cell death. PCD not only regulates multiple physiological processes, but also participates in the pathogenesis of diverse disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MASLD is mainly classified into metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASL) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), and the latter putatively progresses to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Owing to increased incidence and obscure etiology of MASH, its management still remains a tremendous challenge. Recently, hepatocyte PCD has been attracted much attention as a potent driver of the pathological progression from MASL to MASH, and some pharmacological agents have been proved to exert their salutary effects on MASH partly via the regulation of the activity of hepatocyte PCD. The current review recapitulates the pathogenesis of different modalities of PCD, clarifies the mechanisms underlying how metabolic disorders in MASLD induce hepatocyte PCD and how hepatocyte PCD contributes to inflammatory and fibrotic progression of MASH, discusses several signaling pathways in hepatocytes governing the execution of PCD, and summarizes some potential pharmacological agents for MASH treatment which exert their therapeutic effects partly via the regulation of hepatocyte PCD. These findings indicate that hepatocyte PCD putatively represents a new therapeutic point of intervention for MASH.
Comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds in Crocus sativus stamens extracts by HPLC-DAD: investigating antidiabetic activity via in vitro, in vivo, and molecular docking simulation
Authors: Mamri Samira , Daoudi Nour Elhouda , Baraich Abedellah , Ouahhoud Sabir , Khoulati Amine , Choukri Mohammed , Asehraou Abdeslam , Bnouham Mohamed , Jaouadi Bassem , Abousalham Abdelkrim , Dabiellil Fakhreldeen , Salamatullah Ahmad Mohammad , Saalaoui Ennouamane
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Medicinal herbs used in traditional diabetes treatment are a rich source of anti-diabetic compounds. Pancreatic α-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to reduce postprandial hyperglycemic levels via control of starch degradation. In this context, our study for the first time investigates the effect of Crocus sativus stamens extracts on α-amylase inhibition.

Material and methods: The hydromethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts were obtained by macerating the dried stamen powder with methanol/water or ethanol/water, respectively. The total phenolic content of the stamen extracts was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent method, while the total flavonoid content was determined using the Aluminum Chloride method. Phytochemicals were further quantified and identified using HPLC-DAD. For evaluation of hypoglycemic activity, in vitro α-amylase enzyme inhibition was calculated. The results were confirmed in vivo using an oral starch tolerance test in both normal and diabetic rats.

Results: Our findings demonstrated a higher level of polyphenols and flavonoids in the hydroethanolic extract. Important flavonoids found were kaempferol, rutin, and vanillic acid, while prominent carotenoids contained trans- and cis-crocins. The in vitro study showed that both hydromethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts had considerable inhibitory effects, with maximum inhibitions of approximately 83% and 89%, respectively. In vivo tests indicated that both extracts effectively lowered peak blood glucose and area under the curve in both normal and diabetic rats following oral starch treatment. The obtained results are also supported by a docking study.

Conclusion: These findings imply that C. sativus stamens possess a distinctive capability to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels. This effect is likely mediated through the inhibition of α-amylase, presenting a novel dietary avenue for managing diabetes.
Screening for anti-influenza virus compounds from traditional Mongolian medicine by GFP-based reporter virus
Authors: Nie Mao-Shun , Li Xiao-He , Zhang Sen , Zeng Dan-Dan , Cai Yu-Rong , Peng Da-Xin , Jiang Tao , Shi Jian-Ping , Li Jing
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Screening for effective antiviral compounds from traditional Mongolian medicine not only aids in the research of antiviral mechanisms of traditional medicines, but is also of significant importance for the development of new antiviral drugs targeting influenza A virus. Our study aimed to establish high-throughput, rapid screening methods for antiviral compounds against influenza A virus from abundant resources of Mongolian medicine.

Methods

The use of GFP-based reporter viruses plays a pivotal role in antiviral drugs screening by enabling rapid and precise identification of compounds that inhibit viral replication. Herein, a GFP-based reporter influenza A virus was used to identify potent anti-influenza compounds within traditional Mongolian medicine.

Results

Our study led to the discovery of three active compounds: Cardamonin, Curcumin, and Kaempferide, all of which exhibited significant antiviral properties in vitro. Subsequent analysis confirmed that their effectiveness was largely due to the stimulation of the antiviral signaling pathways of host cells, rather than direct interference with the viral components, such as the viral polymerase.

Discussion

This study showcased the use of GFP-based reporter viruses in high-throughput screening to unearth antiviral agents from traditional Mongolian medicine, which contains rich antiviral compounds and deserves further exploration. Despite certain limitations, fluorescent reporter viruses present substantial potential for antiviral drug screening research due to their high throughput and efficiency.
Exploring design considerations for multimodal learning analytics systems: an interview study
Authors: Ouhaichi Hamza , Bahtijar Vogel , Spikol Daniel
Published: July 2024

Multimodal Learning Analytics (MMLA) systems integrate diverse data to provide real-time insights into student learning, yet their design faces the challenge of limited established guidelines. This study investigates essential design considerations for MMLA systems during the research and development phase, aiming to enhance their effectiveness in educational settings. A qualitative approach employing semi-structured interviews was conducted with a diverse group of researchers in the MMLA field. Deductive and thematic analysis were used to identify key design considerations, including technology integration, constraints and learning scenarios. The analysis further revealed intersections between various design considerations, both confirming existing themes and highlighting new emergent ones. Based on the findings, the MMLA Design Framework (MDF) was developed to provide a structured approach to guide the design and development of MMLA systems. This framework, along with the identified design considerations, addresses the lack of conventional practices in MMLA design and offers practical insights for practitioners and researchers. The results of this study have the potential to significantly impact both research and educational applications of MMLA systems, paving the way for more effective and informed designs.
A cutting-edge deep learning-and-radiomics-based ultrasound nomogram for precise prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients ≥ 75 years
Authors: Qian Lang , Liu Xihui , Zhou Shichong , Zhi Wenxiang , Zhang Kai , Li Haoqiu , Li Jiawei , Chang Cai
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop a deep learning-and-radiomics-based ultrasound nomogram for the evaluation of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis risk in breast cancer patients ≥ 75 years.

Methods

The study enrolled breast cancer patients ≥ 75 years who underwent either sentinel lymph node biopsy or ALN dissection at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. DenseNet-201 was employed as the base model, and it was trained using the Adam optimizer and cross-entropy loss function to extract deep learning (DL) features from ultrasound images. Additionally, radiomics features were extracted from ultrasound images utilizing the Pyradiomics tool, and a Rad-Score (RS) was calculated employing the Lasso regression algorithm. A stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted in the training set to establish a prediction model for lymph node metastasis, which was subsequently validated in the validation set. Evaluation metrics included area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1-score. The calibration of the model’s performance and its clinical prediction accuracy were assessed using calibration curves and decision curves respectively. Furthermore, integrated discrimination improvement and net reclassification improvement were utilized to quantify enhancements in RS.

Results

Histological grade, axillary ultrasound, and RS were identified as independent risk factors for predicting lymph node metastasis. The integration of the RS into the clinical prediction model significantly improved its predictive performance, with an AUC of 0.937 in the training set, surpassing both the clinical model and the RS model alone. In the validation set, the integrated model also outperformed other models with AUCs of 0.906, 0.744, and 0.890 for the integrated model, clinical model, and RS model respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that this study’s integrated prediction model could enhance both accuracy and generalizability.

Conclusion

The DL and radiomics-based model exhibited remarkable accuracy and reliability in predicting ALN status among breast cancer patients ≥ 75 years, thereby contributing to the enhancement of personalized treatment strategies’ efficacy and improvement of patients’ quality of life.
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and the risk of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with hypertension: analysis of the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Zhang Wenbin , Yang Zewen
Published: July 2024

Background

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, a metric computed from the levels of fasting triglyceride (TG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), has emerged as a simple surrogate measure for insulin resistance (IR) in recent years. In multiple critical care scenarios, such as contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and cardiorenal syndrome, a high TyG index levels shows a notable correlation with AKI incidence. However, its predictive value for AKI in critically ill hypertensive patients remains uncertain.

Methods

Participants were selected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database and divided into quartiles based on the TyG index. The primary focus of the study was to investigate the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), with in-hospital mortality as a secondary endpoint, assessed among all study subjects as well as specifically among AKI patients. The use of renal replacement therapy (RRT), indicative of AKI progression, was also considered a secondary endpoint reflecting renal outcomes. To explore the correlation between the TyG index and AKI risk in critically ill hypertensive patients, the study employed a restricted cubic splines model and Cox proportional hazards (CPH) models. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was utilized to assess differences in primary and secondary outcomes across groups categorized by their TyG index. Analyses were conducted to ensure the consistency of the predictive capability of TyG index across various subgroups.

Results

Our study included 4,418 participants, with 57% being male patients. AKI occurred in 56.1% of cases. Through the CPH analysis, we identified a significant association between the TyG index and AKI occurrence in critically ill hypertensive patients. With the help of a restricted cubic splines model, we observed a direct relationship between an elevated TyG index and an increased AKI. Subgroup examinations consistently proved the predictive value of the TyG index across categories. Furthermore, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed notable differences in RRT among AKI patients.

Conclusion

The findings underscore the importance of the TyG index as a reliable predictor for the occurrence of AKI and adverse renal outcomes among hypertensive patients in critical ill states. Nevertheless, validating causality mandates extensive prospective investigations.
Obesity and diet independently affect maternal immunity, maternal gut microbiota and pregnancy outcome in mice
Authors: Wekema Lieske , Schoenmakers Sam , Schenkelaars Nicole , Laskewitz Anne , Liu Lei , Walters Lisa , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Steegers-Theunissen Régine P. M. , Faas Marijke M.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Maternal obesity poses risks for both mother and offspring during pregnancy, with underlying mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Obesity is associated with microbial gut dysbiosis and low-grade inflammation, and also the diet has a major impact on these parameters. This study aimed to investigate how maternal obesity and diet contribute to changes in immune responses, exploring potential associations with gut microbiota dysbiosis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in mice.

Methods

Before mating, C57BL/6 mice were assigned to either a high-fat-diet (HFD) or low-fat-diet (LFD) to obtain obese (n=17) and lean (n=10) mice. To distinguish between the effects of obesity and diet, 7 obese mice were switched from the HFD to the LFD from day 7 until day 18 of pregnancy (“switch group”), which was the endpoint of the study. T helper (Th) cell subsets were studied in the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer’s patches (PP), while monocyte subsets and activation status were determined in maternal blood (flow cytometry). Feces were collected before and during pregnancy (day 7,14,18) for microbiota analysis (16S rRNA sequencing). Pregnancy outcome included determination of fetal and placental weight.

Results

Obesity increased splenic Th1 and regulatory T cells, MLN Th1 and PP Th17 cells and enhanced IFN-γ and IL-17A production by splenic Th cells upon ex vivo stimulation. Switching diet decreased splenic and PP Th2 cells and classical monocytes, increased intermediate monocytes and activation of intermediate/nonclassical monocytes. Obesity and diet independently induced changes in the gut microbiota. Various bacterial genera were increased or decreased by obesity or the diet switch. These changes correlated with the immunological changes. Fetal weight was lower in the obese than the lean group, while placental weight was lower in the switch than the obese group.

Discussion

This study demonstrates that obesity and diet independently impact peripheral and intestinal immune responses at the end of pregnancy. Simultaneously, both factors affect specific bacterial gut genera and lead to reduced fetal or placental weight. Our data suggest that switching diet during pregnancy to improve maternal health is not advisable and it supports pre/probiotic treatment of maternal obesity-induced gut dysbiosis to improve maternal immune responses and pregnancy outcome.
Surface latent and sensible heat fluxes over the Pacific Sub-Arctic Ocean from saildrone observations and three global reanalysis products
Authors: Sivam Subhatra , Zhang Chidong , Zhang Dongxiao , Yu Lisan , Dressel Isabella
Published: July 2024

Sea surface latent and sensible heat fluxes are crucial components of the air-sea energy exchanges that influence the upper-ocean heat content and the marine atmospheric boundary layer. Due to the limited availability of in situ observations, assessing their impact on Arctic weather and climate has mainly been done using data assimilation products and numerical model simulations. The accuracy of the surface fluxes in numerical models are, however, largely unvalidated. Recent deployments of saildrones, remotely piloted uncrewed surface vehicles, can help bridge this data gap of in situ observations. This study represents an initial effort to validate sea surface latent and sensible heat fluxes over the Pacific sub-Arctic open ocean from three commonly used global reanalysis products (NASA MERRA2, ECMWF ERA5, NOAA CFSR2) against observations by saildrones. In general, fluxes from these reanalysis products and saildrone observations agree well, except for CFSR2 sensible heat fluxes, which exhibit systematic negative biases. Sporadic, very large (greater than two observed standard deviations) discrepancies between fluxes from the reanalysis products and observations do occur. These substantial discrepancies in the reanalysis products primarily result from errors in temperature for sensible heat fluxes and errors in both humidity and wind speed for latent heat fluxes. The results from this study suggest that the sea surface latent and sensible heat fluxes from MERRA2 and ERA5 are reliable in representing the mean features of air-sea exchanges in the sub-Arctic region. Nonetheless, their reliability is limited when used for studies of high-frequency variability, such as synoptic weather events.
Intraocular pressure measurement and association with corneal biomechanics in patients underwent Descemet’s stripping with endothelial keratoplasty: a comparative study
Authors: Chen Huiyu , Wu Suqian , Tian Lijia , Li Yue , Hong Jiaxu , Wang Yulan , Xu Jianjiang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To compare corneal biomechanical properties and intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements in patients who underwent Descemet’s stripping with endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) with those of the follow healthy eyes.

Methods

In this retrospective comparative study, a total of 35 eyes of 35 patients who underwent DSEK by a single surgeon from 2015.02 to 2019.12 were enrolled along with their fellow healthy eyes. Corneal biomechanical parameters were assessed at least 3 months post-DSEK using Corneal Visualization Scheimpflug Technology (CST). IOP was measured by CST, Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), and MacKay-Marg tonometer.

Results

Central corneal thickness (CCT) and stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1) were significantly increased after DSEK when compared to the fellow eyes. In DSEK eyes, biomechanically-corrected intraocular pressure (bIOP) and MacKay-Marg IOP correlated significantly with GAT IOP measurements, with bIOP showed the lowest IOP values. All the IOP values did not correlate with CCT. However, GAT-IOP and MacKay-Marg IOP showed a positive correlation with SP-A1.

Conclusion

The corneal stiffness increased after DSEK. Central corneal thickness may have less influence than corneal biomechanics on IOP measurements in eyes after DSEK. Biomechanically-corrected IOP obtained by CST seemed to be lower than other tonometry techniques in DSEK eyes, perhaps because of correction for corneal stiffness, CCT and age.
Gut microbiota from patients with Parkinson’s disease causes motor deficits in honeybees
Authors: Zeng Jiaqi , Li Yiyuan , Yan Jingshuang , Chang Ruqi , Xu Mengqi , Zhou Guanzhou , Meng Jie , Liu Di , Mao Zhiqi , Yang Yunsheng
Published: July 2024

Objective

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is possibly caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, and gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aims to explore whether the microbiota contributes to the behavior abnormalities of PD.

Methods

We transplanted gut microbiota from patients with PD or healthy controls (HC) into microbiota-free honeybees. We also established two more groups, namely the rotenone (ROT) group, in which PD-like symptoms of honeybees were induced by rotenone, and the conventional (CV) group, in which honeybees were colonized with conventional gut microbiota. The climbing assay was performed to assess the motor capabilities of honeybees. Histopathological examination was conducted to evaluate the integrity of gut mucosa. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression levels and dopamine (DA) concentrations in the brain were also examined. Additionally, metagenomics and full-length 16S rRNA analyses were performed to identify alterations in gut microbiota profiles, both in PD patients and honeybees.

Results

Honeybees in the PD and ROT groups exhibited slower climbing speeds, downregulated TH gene expression, and impaired gut barriers. Both the HC and PD groups of honeybees successfully harbored a portion of gut microbiota from corresponding human donors, and differences in microbial composition were identified. Morganella morganii and Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum exhibited significantly increased relative abundance in the HC group, while Dorea longicatena, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, Holdemanella biformis, Gemmiger formicilis, and Blautia obeum showed significantly increased relative abundance in the PD group. Functional predictions of microbial communities in the PD group indicated an increased synthesis of hydrogen sulfide and methane.

Conclusion

A novel PD model was induced in honeybees with rotenone and gut microbiota from PD patients. This study linked PD-related behaviors to altered gut microbiota, highlighting a potential gut microbiota-brain axis involvement in PD pathogenesis. We identify previously unrecognized associations of Dorea longicatena, Collinsella aerofaciens, Lactococcus garvieae, Holdemanella biformis, Gemmiger formicilis, and Blautia obeum with PD. Additionally, pathways related to hydrogen sulfide and methane synthesis have been previously suggested as potential contributors to the development of PD, and our research further supports this hypothesis.