bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactive influences of emotion and extraversion on visual attention
Authors: Bendall Robert C. A. , Begley Shaunine , Thompson Catherine
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Emotion has been shown to influence selective visual attention. However, studies in this field have revealed contradictory findings regarding the nature of this influence. One possible explanation for the variation in findings is that affective inter‐individual differences impact both attention and emotion and may therefore moderate any influence of emotion on attention. The current work is a novel investigation of the effects of induced emotional states and the traits of extraversion and neuroticism on visual attention. This allowed a direct investigation of any impact of extraversion and neuroticism on the way in which emotion influences attention.

Methods

Participants were induced into positive, neutral, and negative emotional states before completing a change detection flicker task in which they were required to locate a change to a real‐world scene as quickly and accurately as possible.

Results

Participants scoring higher in extraversion were more accurate but slower at detecting changes. Importantly, this was particularly evident when induced into a negative emotional state compared to a neutral emotional state. Neuroticism had no impact on attention.

Conclusions

The current study provides evidence that extraversion can moderate the influence of negative emotion upon visual attention and may help to explain some of the contradictory findings in this research area. When considered independently, increased trait levels of extraversion were associated with improved change detection. Individuals higher in extraversion appear better equipped to regulate negative emotion compared to individuals lower in extraversion, supporting research linking extraversion to affective reactivity and models of psychopathology.
The efficacy of vitamin B6 as an adjunctive therapy to lithium in improving the symptoms of acute mania in patients with bipolar disorder, type 1; a double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, clinical trial
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Mostafavi Seyed‐Ali , Khaleghi Ali , Akhondzadeh Shahin , Zandifar Atefeh , Farid Malihe , Mohammadian Khonsari Nami , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Objective

Vitamin B6 has been linked to a variety of probable roles, including anti‐inflammatory, homocysteine‐lowering, serotonin‐regulating, and dopamine‐lowering. In this study, we investigated the possible effect of vitamin B6 on bipolar disorder in manic episode with psychotic feature in a placebo‐controlled double‐blind clinical trial in a psychiatric hospital.

Methods

This study was performed on 50 patients who were equally divided into two groups (each group included 25 patients) using 80 mg of vitamin B6 daily or placebo. At the beginning and end of the study, they were evaluated for lab tests, inflammatory biomarkers and level of blood homocysteine. Also, at the baseline and in weeks 2, 4, and 8, they were evaluated based on the anthropometric measurements, score obtained from the Young Mania Questionnaire, Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire.

Results

Accordingly, based on Yang Mania scoring scale, no significant difference was observed between the two groups receiving vitamin B6 and placebo (22.68 ± 5.39 vs. 21.80 ± 5.39 [p‐value = .51]). Based on MMSE, significant improvement in cognitive status was obtained in group placebo compared to vitamin B6 group (25.24 ± 1.96 vs. 24.40 ± 3.25, respectively [p‐value = .01]). At the Pittsburg scale (total, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups receiving vitamin B6 and placebo (1.04 ± 0.20 vs. 0.48 ± 0.50 [p‐value = .23]). Additionally, no significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding the anthropometric status.

Conclusions

According to this study, the daily dose of 80 mg of vitamin B6 for 8 weeks in patients with bipolar disorder in the manic episode with psychotic feature treated daily with lithium, was not associated with a significant improvement in mood status compared to the control–placebo group. It is recommended to perform similar studies in a multi‐center manner with a larger sample size and longer duration.
The impact of tourism on entrepreneurship in developing countries
Authors: Subramaniam Yogeeswari , Masron Tajul Ariffin
Published: October 2021

As an important factor of production, economist traditionally considers entrepreneurship as a key factor for encouraging economic growth, especially in developing countries. With tourism is one of the fastest growing economic sectors and closely linked to development of most developing countries, this study aims to examine the effect of tourism on entrepreneurship by using panel data of 56 developing countries for the period between 2010 and 2017. Using a panel data technique, namely the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, the results suggest that tourism play an important role in improving the level of entrepreneurship in developing countries, which are robust across different specification. Therefore, governments should aim to further develop the tourism industry to support a more sustainable entrepreneurship development in developing countries.
Evaluating the validity of brief prototype‐based informant ratings of triarchic psychopathy traits in prisoners
Authors: Lowman Kelsey L. , Patrick Christopher J. , Perkins Emily R. , Bottesi Gioia , Caruso Maria , Giulini Paolo , Sica Claudio
Published: October 2021

The validity of self‐report psychopathy assessment has been questioned, especially in forensic settings where clinical evaluations influence critical decision‐making (e.g., institutional placement, parole eligibility). Informant‐based assessment offers a potentially valuable supplement to self‐report but is challenging to acquire in under‐resourced forensic contexts. The current study evaluated, within an incarcerated sample (n = 322), the extent to which brief prototype‐based informant ratings of psychopathic traits as described by the triarchic model (boldness, meanness, disinhibition; Patrick et al., 2009) converge with self‐report trait scores and show incremental validity in predicting criterion measures. Self/informant convergence was robust for traits of boldness and disinhibition, but weaker for meanness. Informant‐rated traits showed incremental predictive validity over self‐report traits, both within and across assessment domains. These findings indicate that simple prototype‐based informant ratings of the triarchic traits can provide a useful supplement to self‐report in assessing psychopathy within forensic‐clinical settings.
Consider a new choreography of service
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: October 2021

Back in early 2019 B.C. (that's before COVID‐19), my son and his fiancée announced their engagement. They then planned to wed the following summer with an elegant ceremony at a popular seaside resort. Unfortunately, those plans — like so many others among countless families — were brought to a full halt by COVID‐19.
Leverage technology, campus data to decrease crime
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: October 2021

From a grandfather who worked as a firefighter in Wilmington in the 1920s, to his father who was a police officer, to two brothers who also worked in law enforcement, Patrick Ogden comes from a public safety family. “I spent my childhood dreaming of following in their footsteps,” Ogden said.
Prepare all‐hazards approach for handling emergencies during athletics events
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: October 2021

Whether you call them critical incident response or emergency action plans, your department must prepare to address all types of catastrophic injuries involving multiple casualties caused by natural and man‐made incidents, from active shooters to bombings and earthquakes to fires. An all‐hazards approach can reduce risk and liability in most situations.
Omalizumab for prevention of anaphylactic episodes in a patient with severe mosquito allergy
Authors: Meucci Elisa , Radice Anna , Fassio Filippo , Iorno Maria Loredana Chiara , Macchia Donatella
Published: October 2021

Anaphylaxis after mosquito bite is rare, but life threatening. No approved preventive therapy is available to date, but omalizumab could be a promising therapeutic option for reducing risk and improving quality of life in these patients.
Fournier's gangrene after missed acute perforated appendicitis: A case report
Authors: Elahabadi Ismail , Bazmandegan Gholamreza , Salehi Hossein , Jafari Amin , Ahmadi Jafar , Kamaib Zahra
Published: October 2021

Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rare progressive necrotizing fasciitis (NF) with high mortality rate. This case report describes a young patient with FG with no known history of disease or invasive therapeutic interventions.
Ressourceneffiziente Planung großflächiger Holz‐Glas‐Fassaden | Ökologische und energetische Bewertung
Authors: Fadai Alireza , Stephan Daniel
Published: October 2021

Die EU, die USA und China stellen heute die Hälfte des weltweiten Energiebedarfs. Um eine höhere Energieeffizienz zu erreichen, werden derzeit die Bauvorschriften in der EU und den USA verschärft. Die wachsende Bedeutung von großflächigen Glaselementen in moderner Architektur veranlasst die Untersuchung von möglichem Optimierungspotential vor allem in der Entwurfsphase. Die wesentliche Herausforderung besteht darin, diese mit größtmöglichem Energiesparpotential zu vereinen. Aus einer entsprechenden Kombination von unterschiedlichen Materialien kann eine gesteigerte Ressourceneffizienz der Gesamtkonstruktion resultieren. Zur Bewertung dieser Möglichkeit werden Holz‐Glas‐Fassaden konventionellen Fassaden gegenübergestellt. Dieser Vergleich erfolgt hinsichtlich der Materialwahl und anhand von daraus resultierenden thermisch dynamischen Gebäudesimulationen, sowie ökologischen Evaluierungen.

Resource‐efficient planning of large‐scale timber‐glass facades | ecological and energetic evaluation. The EU, the USA and China account for half of global energy demand. In order to achieve higher energy efficiency, building regulations in the EU and the USA are currently being tightened. The growing importance of large‐scale glass elements in modern architecture leads to the investigation of possible optimization potential, especially in the design stage. The main challenge is to combine these with the greatest possible energy saving potential. An appropriate combination of different materials can result in increased resource‐efficiency of the overall design. To evaluate this possibility, the timber‐glass facades are compared with conventional facades. This comparison is made with regard to the choice of materials and the resulting thermal dynamic building simulations, as well as ecological evaluations.
Simulation von Verbundsicherheitsglas aus Einscheibensicherheitsglas im gebrochenen Zustand
Authors: Pauli Alexander , Kraus Michael , Drass Michael , Siebert Geralt
Published: October 2021

Die numerische Behandlung des Resttragfähigkeitsverhaltens von Verbundgläsern (VG) stellt aktuell ein vielbeachtetes Thema dar, obwohl derzeit nur wenige Ansätze für eine zutreffende Abbildung des experimentell beobachteten Verhaltens existieren. Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Simulation des mechanischen Verhaltens von Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) aus Einscheibensicherheitsglas (ESG) und Etyhlenvinylacetat (EVA)‐Folien sowie deren experimentelle Datengrundlagen im gebrochenen Zustand. Dazu werden einerseits numerische Modellierungsstrategien und andererseits experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Kalibrierung des mechanischen Verhaltens von gebrochenem VSG aus EVA und ESG diskutiert.

Simulation of laminated safety glass made of toughened safety glass in broken state. The numerical treatment of the residual load bearing capacity of laminated glass (LG) is currently a much‐noticed topic, although there are only a few approaches for an accurate representation of the experiments. This paper deals with the simulation of the mechanical behaviour of laminated safety glass (LSG) out of fully tempered glass (FTG) and Etyhlenvinylacetat (EVA)‐interlayer in its broken state. On the one hand numerical modelling strategies and on the other hand experimental investigations for the calibration of a mechanical model for broken laminated safety glass from EVA and FTG are discussed.
Einfluss von Polierscheiben auf die Oberflächenqualität der Glaskante
Authors: Bukieda Paulina , Lohr Katharina , Meiberg Jens , Weller Bernhard
Published: October 2021

Die Glaskante stellt einen besonderen Bereich in der Glasscheibe dar. Der herstellungsbedingte Eingriff in das Material aus den Bearbeitungsschritten Zuschnitt und Schleifen verursacht Fehlstellen auf der Oberfläche, welche die Festigkeit des Glases mindern können. Untersuchungen zur Kantenfestigkeit haben gezeigt, dass ein überwiegender Anteil der Gläser im Bereich des Saums oder im Übergang zur Glaskantenoberfläche bricht. Durch eine gezielte Neuentwicklung von Polierscheiben für den Saumbereich sollen Fehlstellen auf der Saumoberfläche und im Übergangsbereich zur Glaskante abgemindert und somit die Kantenfestigkeit erhöht werden. Zudem können die optischen Eigenschaften des Saums verbessert werden, um eine hochtransparente Glaskante herzustellen. Im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojektes an der Technischen Universität Dresden werden die Auswirkungen von unterschiedlichen Saumpolierscheiben auf die Oberflächen von Floatgläsern untersucht. Mit mikroskopischen Analysen werden Fehlstellen charakterisiert und Bruchursachen lokalisiert. Auf Basis erster Ergebnisse der Oberflächenanalyse wird die Qualität der verwendeten Polierscheiben bewertet.

Influence of the polishing wheels on the surface quality of glass edges. Glass edges appear to be a peculiar zone of the glass. The interference into the material during the cutting and grinding process causes defects and cracks at the edge surface. Those defects can reduce the strength of the whole glazing. Former studies show that a major part of the glass break has its fracture of origin on the surface of the chamfer or the transition from the chamfer into the edge surface. A special development of polishing wheels for the chamfer shall improve the chamfers quality and consequently increase the edge strength. In addition, the optical characteristics should be improved to reach a highly transparent glass edge. Within the scope of a research project at the Technische Universität Dresden, we examined the impact of various polishing wheels on the chamfer area of annealed glass. A microscopic analysis enables to detect and characterize typical defects of the finishing processes and locates the fracture of origin. First results of the microscopic analysis allow to value the polishing wheels.
Virtualisierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse – Experimentiertechnik in der Lehre
Authors: Frerich Sulamith C.
Published: October 2021

In diesem Beitrag stellt sich Juniorprofessorin Sulamith C. Frerich von der Ruhr‐Universität Bochum (RUB) vor. Sie gibt Einblick in aktuelle Forschungsfragen und zeigt, wie sie universitäre Aufgaben mit außeruniversitärer Forschung verbindet. Fachlich berichtet sie aus Kunststoffcharakterisierung und ‐verarbeitung sowie numerischer Simulation und Prozessoptimierung. Für die anwendungsnahe Kompositherstellung aus Polymeren und Wirkstoffen nennt sie zwei Beispiele und beschreibt, wie sie den Transfer gestaltet. Zusätzlich erläutert sie, wie Online‐Lehre in der Verfahrenstechnik funktioniert.
Radiotherapy biobanking: current landscape, opportunities, challenges, and future aspirations
Authors: Ward Tim H , Gilbert Duncan C , Higginbotham George , Morris Chris M , Speirs Valerie , Curtin Nicola J
Published: October 2021

Half of all cancer patients receive radiotherapy, which makes a substantial contribution to their long‐term disease control/cure. There are significant inter‐patient differences in response, both in terms of efficacy and toxicity (frequently delayed onset) which are difficult to predict. With the introduction of technological improvements (e.g. stereotactic body radiotherapy and proton therapy) and development of combination therapies (e.g. radiotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibition), predictive biomarkers are needed even more. Whilst genomic studies have contributed significantly to predictions of response to anticancer therapy, there is no doubt that more information can be gathered from patient tissue samples. Patients are willing to donate their tissues to biobanks and wish them to be used as widely as possible for high‐quality research. We report here a survey of the current practices in the UK from several groups collecting material from patients in radiotherapy trials and have identified barriers to collecting and sharing data and samples. We believe the current situation represents a significant missed opportunity to improve the personalisation of radiotherapy. We propose a greater involvement of patients and/or their advocates, a standardisation of the patient information leaflet, consent form content and data set, with easy linkage to clinical data, which would facilitate widespread sample and data discovery and availability to other researchers. The greater sharing of data and samples, nationally and internationally, would facilitate robust multicentre studies and avoid duplication of effort.
Forecasting annual maximum water level for the Negro River at Manaus
Authors: Chevuturi Amulya , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Rudorff Conrado M. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Schöngart Jochen
Published: October 2021

More frequent and stronger flood hazards in the last two decades have caused considerable environmental and socio‐economic losses in many regions of the Amazon basin. It is therefore critical to advance predictions for flood levels, with adequate lead times, to provide more effective and earlier warnings to safeguard lives and livelihoods. Water‐level variations in large, low‐lying, free‐flowing river systems in the Amazon basin, such as the Negro River, follow large‐scale precipitation anomalies. This offers an opportunity to predict maximum water levels using observed antecedent rainfall. This study aims to investigate possible improvements in the performance and extension of the lead time of existing operational statistical forecasts for annual maximum water level of the Negro River at Manaus, occurring between May and July. We develop forecast models using multiple linear regression methods, to produce forecasts that can be issued in March, February and January. Potential predictors include antecedent catchment rainfall and water levels, large‐scale modes of climate variability and the long‐term linear trend in water levels. Our statistical models gain one month of lead time against existing models for same skill level, but are only moderately better than existing models at similar lead times. All models lose performance at longer lead times, as expected. However, our forecast models can issue skilful operational forecasts in March or earlier. We show the forecasts for the Negro River maximum water level at Manaus for 2020 and 2021.
Evaluation and diagnostic value of next‐generation sequencing analysis of residual liquid‐based cytology specimens of pancreatic masses
Authors: Sekita‐Hatakeyama Yoko , Fujii Tomomi , Nishikawa Takeshi , Mitoro Akira , Sawai Masayoshi , Itami Hiroe , Morita Kouhei , Uchiyama Tomoko , Takeda Maiko , Sho Masayuki , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Hatakeyama Kinta , Ohbayashi Chiho
Published: October 2021

Background

Liquid‐based cytology (LBC) is a widely used method for processing specimens obtained by endoscopic biopsy. This study evaluated next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of LBC specimens to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pancreatic lesions.

Methods

Upon the diagnosis of a suspected pancreatic mass, LBC residues were used retrospectively. The quantity and quality of DNA extracted from residual LBC samples were evaluated, and an NGS analysis targeting 6 genes (KRAS, GNAS, TP53, CDKN2A, SMAD4, and PIK3CA) was performed.

Results

The library was prepared from LBC specimens taken from 52 cases: 44 were successful, and 8 preparations failed. An analysis of DNA quantity and quality suggested that the success or failure of NGS implementation depended on both properties. The final diagnosis was achieved by a combination of the pathological analysis of the surgical excision or biopsy material with clinical information. Among the 33 cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), KRAS, TP53, CDKN2A, and SMAD4 mutations were identified in 31 (94%), 16 (48%), 3 (9%), and 2 (6%), respectively. Among the 11 benign cases, only a KRAS mutation was identified in 1 case. On the basis of NGS results, 18 of 33 PDACs (55%) were classified as highly dysplastic or more, and 10 of 11 benign lesions were evaluated as nonmalignant, which was consistent with the final diagnosis.

Conclusions

NGS analysis using LBC specimens from which DNA of appropriate quantity and quality has been extracted could contribute to improving the assessment of pancreatic tumor malignancies and the application of molecular‐targeted drugs.
In‐vivo estimation of tissue electrical conductivities of a rabbit eye for precise simulation of electric field distributions during ocular iontophoresis
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Lee Chany , Kim Euijin , Ko Song Ah. , Kim Se‐Na , Choy Young Bin , Im Chang‐Hwan
Published: October 2021

Precise estimation of electrical conductivity of the eyes is important for the accurate analysis of electric field distributions in the eyes during ocular iontophoresis. In this study, we estimated the tissue electrical conductivities of a rabbit eye, which has been widely employed for neuro‐ophthalmological experiments, through an in vivo experiment for the first time. Electrical potentials were measured at multiple locations on the skin, while weak currents were transmitted into the skin via two surface electrodes attached to the skin around the eye. A finite element model was constructed to calculate the electric potentials at the measurement locations. The conductivity values of different tissues were then estimated using an optimization procedure to minimize the difference between the measured and calculated electric potentials. The accuracy of the estimated tissue conductivity values of the rabbit eye was validated by comparing the measured and calculated electric potential values for different electrode montages. Further multi‐physical analyses of iontophoretic drug delivery to the rabbit eye showed a significant influence of the conductivity profile on the resultant particle distribution. Overall, our results provide an important reference for the tissue electrical conductivity values of the rabbit eye, which could be further utilized for designing new medical devices for delivering electric fields to the eyes, such as transorbital and transscleral electrical stimulations.
Perspectives of pediatric oncologists and palliative care physicians on the therapeutic use of cannabis in children with cancer
Authors: Oberoi Sapna , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. , Rapoport Adam , Rassekh Shahrad R. , Crooks Bruce , Siden Harold , Decker Kathleen , Ananth Prasanna , Chapman Stacy , Balneaves Lynda G. , Vanan Magimairajan Issai , Kelly Lauren E.
Published: October 2021

Background

Children with cancer are increasingly using cannabis therapeutically.

Aim

The purpose of this study was to determine the perspectives and practices of pediatric oncologists and palliative care physicians regarding the use of cannabis for medical purposes among children with cancer.

Methods

A self‐administered, voluntary, cross‐sectional, deidentified online survey was sent to all pediatric oncologists and palliative care physicians in Canada between June and August 2020. Survey domains included education, knowledge, and concerns about cannabis, views on its effectiveness, and the importance of cannabis‐related research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

In total, 122/259 (47.1%) physicians completed the survey. Although 62.2% of the physicians completed some form of training about medical cannabis, nearly all (95.8%) desired to know more about the dosing, side effects, and safety of cannabis. Physicians identified a potential role of cannabis in the management of nausea and vomiting (85.7%), chronic pain (72.3%), cachexia/poor appetite (67.2%), and anxiety or depression (42.9%). Only four (0.3%) physicians recognized cannabis to be potentially useful as an anticancer agent. Nearly all physicians reported that cannabis‐related research for symptom relief is essential (91.5%) in pediatric oncology, whereas 51.7% expressed that future studies are necessary to determine the anticancer effects of cannabis.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that most pediatric oncologists and palliative care physicians recognize a potential role for cannabis in symptom control in children with cancer. Well‐conducted studies are required to create evidence for cannabis use and promote shared decision making with pediatric oncology patients and their caregivers.
A sweeping optimization algorithm for the global cosine fitting energy image segmentation model
Authors: Zou Le , Chen Yan‐Ping , Wu Zhi‐Ze , Huang Qian‐Jing , Wang Xiao‐Feng
Published: October 2021

Image segmentation plays a pivotal role in image processing. Level set model is a traditional variation image segmentation method. In order to achieve level set evolution equation, the level set energy functionals are minimized with the gradient descent methods and then the partial differential equation (PDE) was solved by finite difference scheme. Slow speed is one of its disadvantages. We propose a sweep optimization algorithm based on global cosine fitting (GCF) energy. Instead of calculating the PDE and the curvature, the proposed sweeping algorithm directly calculates the energy change when a pixel moves from one side of evolving contour to the other. It checks whether the GCF energy is decreased or not. The proposed algorithm has many advantages. For example, independent of initial level set contour positions and parameters, need not consider the Courant Friedrichs Lew condition and the regularization energy term. The proposed algorithm can be easily extended to high dimension image segmentation. The experiments on synthetic images, noise images and real images demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed sweeping optimization algorithm.
Effect of Temperature and pH on Calcium Phosphate Precipitation
Authors: Vilela Handially Santos , Rodrigues Marcela Charantola , Fronza Bruna Marin , Trinca Rafael Bergamo , Vichi Flávio Maron , Braga Roberto Ruggiero
Published: October 2021

Calcium orthophosphates (CaP) synthesis involves several chemical equilibria that define the phases present in the final product. From the biomaterials standpoint, it is important to gain knowledge on how synthesis parameters affect phase formation and particle size. This study evaluates the interaction between temperature (24 or 45 °C) and pH conditions (4.5, 6.5, or drifting) on CaP precipitation in terms of yield, phase formation, density, morphology, and size distribution. Calcium and phosphate solutions (Ca/P = 1.0) are mixed and kept under stirring for 3 h. The precipitate is freeze‐dried and characterized. Under drifting pH and pH 4.5, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD, CaHPO4 × 2H2O) is the predominant phase at both temperatures; however, some samples also present peaks ascribed to dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA, CaHPO4). At pH 6.5, diffractograms reveal a mixture of low‐crystallinity DCPD and DCPA (24 °C) or low crystallinity hydroxyapatite [HAP, Ca10(OH)2(PO4)6] (45 °C). In spite of the different morphologies (plates or aggregates), particle size remains within a relatively narrow range (D50 = 12–28 µm). DCPD precipitation is favored under more acidic or drifting pH, while HAP is formed under nearly neutral pH 6.5.
Exploring multitrophic interactions in oilseed rape fields reveals the prevailing role of Carabidae
Authors: Serée Lola , Gardarin Antoine , Crouzet Olivier , Barbottin Aude , Valantin‐Morison Muriel , Chiron François
Published: October 2021

In cropped fields, birds are often at the highest position in the food chain, feeding on pest arthropods and their intermediate predators in a process known as intraguild predation. The net effects of bird predation on phytophagous insect populations (feeding on plants) are difficult to predict without comprehensively describing prey–predator communities and their complex interplay. We sampled bird and arthropod communities in 30 oilseed rape fields in the spring of 2019 and 2020 in France. To assess the top‐down control of arthropods by birds, we used a vertebrate exclusion experiment. Using a taxonomic and functional trait‐based approach, we determined the direct and indirect influences of birds on arthropod predators and phytophagous insect populations in arable crops. We observed a negative relationship between the abundance of Carabidae and phytophagous insects but not with the other predator group suggesting the key role of Carabidae on phytophagous insects in agroecosystem. We found no statistical evidence of intraguild predation from birds toward intermediate predators. Despite the lack of overall effect of predator functional diversity on their prey, we highlighted the negative relationship between the functional complementarity (through functional evenness) of Carabidae and the abundance of phytophagous insects. This result suggests that functional complementarity between Carabidae species could help to reduce phytophagous insect populations. We analyzed the effect of agricultural practices on these multitrophic interactions, showing that pesticide intensity only had detrimental effects on Carabidae abundance, while the frequency of tillage did not affect the studied communities. Complementary indices used to depict communities are helpful to better understand the mechanisms underlying trophic relationships.
Adaptive cluster‐based heuristic approach in cognitive radio networks for5Gapplications
Authors: Devaraj S. Allwin , Aruna T. , Muthukumaran N. , Roobert A. Andrew
Published: October 2021

The main objective of cognitive radio network is to provide flexible spectrum management, by permitting the secondary users (SUs) to temporarily access the licensed spectrum in the absence of a primary user. In the existing backward induction approach, each SU performs spectrum sensing and consequently reports the sensing details to the centralized controller. In the proposed work, an adaptive cluster‐based heuristic approach (ACBHA) with cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme has been proposed for cognitive radio medium access control networks for 5G applications. To identify the availability of unused spectrum, the proposed CSS‐based ACBHA algorithm adopts a cluster‐based selection scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed CSS‐based ACBHA provides a better result compared with existing techniques. The performance parameters such as false alarm probability, the probability of detection, spectrum sensing time, slot length, noise density have been analyzed using MATLAB R2012a.
Chemical hazards in smoked meat and fish
Authors: Iko Afé Ogouyôm Herbert , Kpoclou Yénoukounmè Euloge , Douny Caroline , Anihouvi Victor Bienvenu , Igout Ahmed , Mahillon Jacques , Hounhouigan Djidjoho Joseph , Scippo Marie‐Louise
Published: October 2021

This review aims to give an insight into the main hazards currently found in smoked meat and fish products. Literature research was carried out on international databases such as Access to Global Online Research in Agriculture (AGORA) database, Science direct, and Google scholar to collect and select 92 relevant publications included in this review. The smoking process was described and five hazards mostly found in smoked fish and meat were presented. The heat‐induced compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and nitrosamines were found in smoked fish and meat. Other hazards such as biogenic amines and heavy metals were also present in smoked fish and meat. The levels of these hazards reported from the literature exceeded the maximal limits of European Union. A brief description of risk assessment methodology applicable to such toxic compounds and risk assessment examples was also presented in this review. As most of the hazards reported in this review are toxic and even carcinogenic to humans, actions should be addressed to reduce their presence in food to protect consumer health and to prevent public health issue.
Geometry and kinematics of right‐lateral transpressional faults and growth folds, the western side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt
Authors: Said Said Mohamed , Sakran Shawky
Published: October 2021

Elaborated geological mapping and structural analysis of the Gulf of Suez's western side revealed two superimposed tectonic regimes; Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene dextral transpression along ENE‐oriented deep‐seated faults and NE Oligo‐Miocene extension. Pre‐rift structures are represented by four ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip deformation zones (DZ). Each DZ is defined by the ENE‐oriented right‐lateral strike‐slip faults, NE to ENE growth folds, and NW‐oriented normal faults. The orthogonal relation between the growth folds and NW‐oriented faults indicates their association to a strike‐slip tectonic regime. The tight overturned folds and the small angles between the growth fold axis and the principal deformation zone implies transpression rather than simple shearing. A transpressional tectonic regime with NW‐SE maximum principal stress (σ1) and NE‐SW minimum principal stress (σ3) were dominantly active during Late Cretaceous‐Early Eocene. The occurrence of three angular unconformities at different stratigraphic levels within the Upper Cretaceous‐Lower Eocene sedimentary sequences infer the deformation age. ENE anticlines have grown above the propagating deep‐seated transpressional faults, associated with continuous exhumation along their hinge zones and syntectonic deposition in the sub‐basins beyond their steep limbs.
Femicides in Europe: A tragedy beyond Italy
Authors: Bellizzi Saverio , Panu Napodano Catello M. , Lorettu Liliana
Published: October 2021

Femicides have no borders—even Europe is not exempt from this issue. This is particularly true for countries in Eastern and Southern Europe, where continuing efforts are needed to protect the lives and improve the wellbeing of women and their children.
Topological features in addition to radiomics signature predict 1p19q status and tumor grade in low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Paul Rahul
Published: October 2021

Radiomics is a procedure to access quantitative features from medical images for predictive analysis. Radiomics is used extensively for malignancy and survival analysis, genomic expression analysis, cancer progression, and assessment. But radiomics does not obtain the connected components, loops, or voids information from a region of interest. Topological data analysis is a newer approach that uses persistent homology to generate multiscale features from an image. We investigated in this study whether the topological features can be as useful as the radiomics features. Glioma grading and 1p19q codeletion assessment requires surgical biopsy, which can be error prone. To reduce biopsy error, MRI‐based radiomics and topological features–based analysis were performed in our study. Topological features produced the best results for 1p19q status and tumor‐grade prediction, with 94.3% (0.93 AUC) and 97.3% (0.97 AUC), respectively, which was an improvement over radiomics. Codes and partial data are available in https://github.com/hellorp1990/TDA-analysis.
#SayHerName: Addressing Anti‐Blackness and Patriarchy in Language and Literacy Curricula
Authors: Austin Tasha , Hsieh Betina
Published: October 2021

Black women have been and continue to be objectified, mistrusted to voice their own realities, and pushed to the margins even among other people of color, yet expected to lead and contribute their lives and labor. In this piece, we focus on curricular and epistemic violence evidenced through omission and distortions of Black women in English Language Arts and World Languages and advocate for a centering of Black women’s voices and perspectives in ways that affirm their humanity across both contexts. We come together as literacy educators to offer strategies to support the inclusion and integration of Black women’s voices and experiences throughout secondary language and literacy learning spaces.
Estimating reaction parameters in mechanism‐enabled population balance models of nanoparticle size distributions: A Bayesian inverse problem approach
Authors: Long Danny K. , Bangerth Wolfgang , Handwerk Derek R. , Whitehead Christopher B. , Shipman Patrick D. , Finke Richard G.
Published: October 2021

In order to quantitatively predict nano‐ as well as other particle‐size distributions, one needs to have both a mathematical model and estimates of the parameters that appear in these models. Here, we show how one can use Bayesian inversion to obtain statistical estimates for the parameters that appear in recently derived mechanism‐enabled population balance models (ME‐PBM) of nanoparticle growth. The Bayesian approach addresses the question of “how well do we know our parameters, along with their uncertainties?.” The results reveal that Bayesian inversion statistical analysis on an example, prototypenanoparticle formation system allows one to estimate not just the most likely rate constants and other parameter values, but also their SDs, confidence intervals, and other statistical information. Moreover, knowing the reliability of the mechanistic model's parameters in turn helps inform one about the reliability of the proposed mechanism, as well as the reliability of its predictions. The paper can also be seen as a tutorial with the additional goal of achieving a “Gold Standard” Bayesian inversion ME‐PBM benchmark that others can use as a control to check their own use of this methodology for other systems of interest throughout nature. Overall, the results provide strong support for the hypothesis that there is substantial value in using a Bayesian inversion methodology for parameter estimation in particle formation systems.
Predictive value of red blood cell distribution width in septic shock patients with thrombocytopenia: A retrospective study using machine learning
Authors: Ling Jianmin , Liao Tongzhou , Wu Yanqing , Wang Zhaohua , Jin Hai , Lu Feng , Fang Minghao
Published: October 2021

Background

Sepsis‐associated thrombocytopenia (SAT) is common in critical patients and results in the elevation of mortality. Red cell distribution width (RDW) can reflect body response to inflammation and oxidative stress. We try to investigate the relationship between the RDW and the prognosis of patients with SAT through machine learning.

Methods

809 patients were retrospectively analyzed from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC‐III) database. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to analyze the impact of each feature. Logistic regression analysis, propensity score matching (PSM), receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis, and the Kaplan‐Meier method were used for data processing.

Results

The patients with thrombocytopenia had higher 28‐day mortality (48.2%). Machine learning indicated that RDW was the second most important in predicting 28‐day mortality. The RDW was significantly increased in non‐survivors by logistic regression and PSM. ROC curve shows that RDW has moderate predictive power for 28‐day mortality. The patients with RDW>16.05 exhibited higher mortality through Kaplan‐Meier analysis.

Conclusions

Interpretable machine learning can be applied in clinical research. Elevated RDW is not only common in patients with SAT but is also associated with a poor prognosis.
Zinc chloride activated carbon from Pleurotus floridanus biomass for piroxicam adsorption
Authors: Chenthamara Dhrisya , Ramakrishnan Sankar Ganesh , Robert Becky , Murugan Prasathkumar , Subramaniam Sadhasivam
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are growing families of chemicals that are regarded as emerging contaminants and are becoming a serious threat to the environment. Adsorptive removal of micropollutants has been extensively studied using activated carbons derived from agro‐poultry waste biomass and byproducts. The non‐sustainable resources and steep supply chain costs further accelerate the search for finding new renewable materials for adsorbent preparation. In the present study, the carbon prepared from Pleurotus floridanus biomass obtained as a value‐added product from laccase production was used as an adsorbent for the removal of a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, namely piroxicam (PRX).

RESULTS

The prepared carbon was activated using zinc chloride (ZAC) and showed an excellent Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of about 285.1 m2 g−1. ZAC displayed a rapid adsorption capacity for PRX of about 6.08 mg g−1 with an adsorption equilibrium time of 90 min. Both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations were best fitted to the experimental data. The results of kinetic studies were fitted best with pseudo‐first‐order kinetic models.

Conclusions

Fungal biomass obtained as a value‐added product of fermentation media can be converted into carbon, which is effective in adsorbing PPCPs such as PRX. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Genome sequencing among children with medical complexity: What constitutes value from parents’ perspective?
Authors: Lee Whiwon , Luca Stephanie , Costain Gregory , Snell Meaghan , Marano Maria , Curtis Meredith , Dunsmore Kourtney , Veenma Danielle , Walker Susan , Cohn Ronald D. , Marshall Christian R. , Cohen Eyal , Meyn M. Stephen , Orkin Julia , Hayeems Robin Z.
Published: October 2021

Genome sequencing (GS) has demonstrated high diagnostic yield in pediatric patients with complex, clinically heterogeneous presentations. Emerging evidence shows generally favorable experiences for patients and families receiving GS. As a result, implementation of GS in pediatrics is gaining momentum. To inform implementation, we conducted a qualitative study to explore the personal utility of GS for parents of children with medical complexity (CMC). GS was performed at an academic tertiary‐care center for CMC for whom a genetic etiology was suspected. Following the return of GS results, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents about their child's diagnostic journey. Of the children whose parents were interviewed, six children received a diagnosis, two received a possible diagnosis, and six did not receive a diagnosis. A predominantly deductive thematic analysis approach to the interview data was used by applying Kohler's personal utility framework to understand affective, cognitive, behavioral and social impacts of GS. Both the diagnosed and undiagnosed groups experienced enhanced emotion‐focused coping (affective). The diagnosed group experienced favorable utility related to knowledge of condition (cognitive) and communication with relatives (behavioral). A domain beyond Kohler's framework related to the presence or absence of GS impact on medical management was also described by parents. The deployment of GS late in the diagnostic odyssey and the limited knowledge available for the rare genetic disorders diagnosed in this cohort appeared to diminish the perceived utility of GS. As GS capabilities continue to evolve at a rapid pace and become available earlier in the diagnostic journey, it is important to consider the impact and timing of testing on parents of CMC.
Significance of maintenance therapy after HDT/ASCT in symptomatic multiple myeloma: A multicenter retrospective analysis in Kansai Myeloma Forum
Authors: Nakaya Aya , Shibayama Hirohiko , Nakatani Eiji , Shimura Yuji , Kosugi Satoru , Tanaka Hirokazu , Fuchida Shin‐Ichi , Kanda Junya , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Kaneko Hitomi , Imada Kazunori , Ohta Kensuke , Ito Tomoki , Yagi Hideo , Yoshihara Satoshi , Hino Masayuki , Shimazaki Chihiro , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Kuroda Junya , Matsumura Itaru , Kanakura Yuzuru , Nomura Shosaku
Published: October 2021

A total of 129 symptomatic patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT/ASCT) were analyzed. The 4‐year overall survival (OS) of patients with maintenance (n = 82) was 80%, whereas that of patients without maintenance (n = 47) was 72% (p = 0.426). The 4‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) of patients with maintenance was 38%, whereas that of patients without maintenance was 27% (p = 0.088). Multivariate analysis revealed that an International Staging System score ≥2 was associated with worse PFS (hazard ratio 1.62, p = 0.043). Among the 129 patients, two were excluded owing to early relapse, 50 patients achieved complete response (CR), and 77 patients failed to achieve CR. Patients who achieved CR showed better 4‐year PFS than those who failed to achieve CR (41% vs. 30%, p = 0.027); however, 4‐year OS was not different (76% vs. 82%, p = 0.971). In patients who achieved CR, 4‐year OS with/without maintenance was 74%/81% (p = 0.357), 4‐year PFS with/without maintenance was 42%/40% (p = 0.954). In patients who failed to achieve CR, the 4‐year OS with/without maintenance was 97%/91% (p = 0.107), and 4‐year PFS with/without maintenance was 36%/16% (p < 0.001). In patients who failed to achieve CR, maintenance significantly improved the PFS. Maintenance after HDT/ASCT can prolong PFS in patients who fail to achieve CR in real‐world settings.
Diagnosing the “master mechanism of the universe” in interwar and war‐era America
Authors: Murray Heather
Published: October 2021

Drawing on personal testimonials and questions addressed to psychiatric hospital officials, this article explores how patients and their loved ones engaged with the idea of diagnosis in interwar and war‐era America. I argue that diagnosis had synergies with intellectual sensibilities of American modernity, among them an enthusiasm for science and newness, a modernist sense of time that could be both forward‐ and backward‐looking, and a knowable, interpreted self. While self‐understanding and the creation of life narratives were more often considered the bailiwick of psychoanalysis in this period, understanding subjectivity and self‐interpretation were not solely expressed in its conceptual vocabulary. Patient and family dialogs with diagnosis and psychiatric authorities allow for an illumination of the interaction between domestic intuitions, common sense, and folk wisdom, on the one hand, and institutional taxonomy, categorization, and scientific terminology on the other, or more broadly, between dispositions that are ostensibly antimodern and more modern ideas. I suggest that the protean and wide‐ranging intellectual origins of the discipline of psychiatry, along with the inherent ambiguity of psychiatric diagnosis during the early 20th century, allowed patients to participate in their own medicalization in the most capacious way possible: by combining biology with diagnostic narrative capacities, as well as broader perceptions of morality and character. In the concluding reflection, I speculate about why it is that late 20th‐century American critics and activists have tended to view diagnosis and medicalization as coercive and threatening, in contrast to earlier 20th‐century patients and their intimate observers.