bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new domestic self-expanding nitinol stent: in vivo preclinical study
Authors: Verkhovskaya E. V. , Vanyurkin A. G. , Panteleeva Yu. K. , Poplavsky E. O. , Tsvetkova E. V. , Samuylovskaya S. A. , Kogay S. V. , Evdokimov A. S. , Evdokimov S. V. , Chernyavsky M. A.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To evaluate the results of implantation of a new domestic self-expanding nitinol stent in experimental animals. Materials and methods. Experimental implantations of a self-expanding nitinol stent were performed in the common iliac artery of three Vietnamese Pot-bellied pigs. In the postoperative period, all animals received dual antiplatelet therapy for 3 months. Vital signs were also assessed throughout the observation period. After 3 months, the animals underwent control angiography and ultrasound examination of the iliofemoral segment, followed by withdrawal from the experiment by euthanasia. The next step was a macroscopic and histological analysis of the stented areas of the vessels. Results. The observation period of the animals was 3 months. Throughout the entire observation period, vital signs in all animals remained within normal values. The results of control angiography and ultrasound examination after 3 months demonstrated patency, as well as the absence of significant in-stent stenoses in two pigs. One animal showed signs of in-stent restenosis. The results of macroscopic and histological analysis showed signs of damage to the subendothelial layer, as well as myointimal hyperplasia. These changes were especially pronounced in the animal with restenosis. Our analysis showed that the presented results were due to excessive oversizing of the implanted stents (20–30 %). Conclusion. Our proposed self-expanding nitinol stent, in general, showed satisfactory results in the in vivo experiment. Nevertheless, it should be borne in mind that severe stent oversizing can cause excessive neointimal proliferation, which, in turn, will lead to the development of restenosis in the long-term postoperative period. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out an additional series of implantation of the presented stent to the experimental animals with less oversizing in order to determine its optimal values for this particular stent model.
Senegal’s Carbon Finance and Article 6: Current Standing, Opportunities, and Challenges in Mobilising Carbon Markets
Authors: Rahier Nick , van der Hoven André
Published: November 2024

This rapid evidence review provides an overview of the existing evidence on Senegal's progress in terms of its carbon finance, legal, and governance framework under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. In essence, Article 6 provides a framework for how carbon markets can be used to facilitate international efforts in reducing or removing GHG emissions. The review synthesises findings from both academic and grey literature, emphasising reports and presentations that detail Senegal's advancements in carbon market participation. Given the ongoing nature of these engagements, evidence on emissions absorption initiatives under Article 6, particularly in sustainable land use, agriculture, and reforestation, remains limited.
Trade Inclusivity
Authors: Jose Maliakal Shreya
Published: November 2024

The review begins with discussing a popular theoretical trade impact model (the Heckscher-Ohlin-Samuelson) model which suggests that trade openness has an impact on microeconomic factors, i.e., brings about changes in the consumption, production and income patterns at the household level. At this level, the model suggests that trade openness can increase the price households sell goods at, reduce the consumption price of households, and increase the income of households, thereby, reducing poverty and inequality. At the macroeconomic level, literature suggests that growth and productivity are required for reductions in poverty. Governments play an important role in collecting and using taxes from trade agreements, a change in tax revenue can affect the decisions made at the institutional/state level. In practice, however, the impact of trade and trade barriers and the consequent impact on trade inclusive measures vary significantly across different regions and groups.
Barriers and Sources of Resistance to Achieving Locally Led Development
Authors: Saha Devanik
Published: November 2024

This review focuses on highlighting the key barriers and obstacles towards achieving locally led development[1] and localisation. While these terms are used interchangeably, the term ‘locally led development’ is more typically used in the international development literature, while localisation is more common in humanitarian circles. There are some issues around the lack of a globally agreed definition and consensus, such as how the lack of definition creates confusion among donors and stakeholders to approach and implement locally led development/localisation. There are no universally accepted simple definitions of terms such as ‘localisation’, ‘locally-led development’, or ‘local actor’. For the purposes of this report, we have adopted an unofficial working definition suggested by the OECD (2023, pp. 3–4): locally-led development is ‘an ongoing development process where local actors have agency in framing, designing, delivering (including control over funding), accounting for and learning, with or without the support of international development co-operation'.
Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summary October 2024
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: November 2024

Monthly Humanitarian Evidence and Discourse Summaries aim to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action. It is structured around FCDO humanitarian framework themes: Protect: Protect civilians, IDPs, refugees, marginalised groups including women and girls, and humanitarian access. Prioritise: Prioritise effective humanitarian assistance to people in greatest need. Prevent: Prevent and anticipate future shocks and rebuild resilience in protracted and recurring crises. Further detail on methodology and scope at the end. Click on the hyperlinks to bring you to the relevant literature. We hope this is a useful resource and you can read all the articles produced by brilliant authors and organisations(!), but each month we also invite a guest to identify their five “star reads” from the wider list. This does not represent an organisational position or assessment of rigour, but rather a personal choice of published evidence, guidance or discourse that are of special interest or impact.
A Study of a Jar with Chicken Head
Authors:   Central Institute of Cultural Heritage, Kim Il-Kyu
Published: November 2024

A jar with chicken head is a form representing the Liu-Chao pottery that appeared in Eastern Wu(東吳), and was popular during the Liu-Chao(六朝) and Sui (隋) period. Contrary to the previous view that it appeared in the Western Jin(西晉)-Eastern Jin(東晉) replacement period, the time of its appearance was retroactive to the middle of the Eastern Wu period. The background of its appearance reflects the ancient Chinese concept of admiring chickens and due to the Cheongdam(淸談) trend that was popular at the time, the era of pursuing aesthetic elegance in the culture of drinking alcohol and tea was reflected in the ceramic culture. A jar with chicken head is a new model that emerged by fusion of traditional elements and foreign Gandhara style elements. A jar with chicken head was used as a kettle contained alcohol or tea, but it became large after the middle of the Northern and Southern Dynasty period, and its use as a kettle deteriorated. In particular, it was enlarged and decorated with splendid relief patterns in the Northern Dynasty period, so it was used as a decoration rather than a daily container, and was buried in the tomb after the owner's death.
A Study on the Nestorian Christian Church Site in Karakorum, Mongolia
Authors:   Central Institute of Cultural Heritage, T.Batbayar T.Batbayar , G.Eregzen G.Eregzen , S.Yang S.Yang
Published: November 2024

This paper examines the possibility that a complex architectural site, excavated by the Mongol-German joint research team from 2006 to 2009, located in the northern outskirts of Karakorum, may have been a Nestorian Christian church.
The rectangular complex, surrounded by earthen-walls, can be divided into two phases based on the building's layout and overlapping architectural features. The initial structure within the complex had a unique configuration, with a large room at the front directly connected to a smaller room at the back, situated centrally within the walled area. Unlike traditional Mongolian architecture, which typically faces south, this building faced east, and it is notable for having an altar in the smaller rear room.
Artifacts found at the site include fragments of a cross, characteristic of Nestorian Christianity, and bronze artifacts resembling candlesticks popular in medieval Europe. These findings strongly suggest that the site was a Nestorian Christian church during the Mongol Empire. The site's location in the northern outskirts of Karakorum aligns with the description of a Nestorian Christian church in William of Rubruck’s book. Additionally, the basic rectangular layout with a niche(apse) at the end containing an altar, as found in Central Asian Nestorian churches, further supports this identification.
Radiocarbon dating indicates that the church was constructed in the early 13th century. The excavation revealed that the church was destroyed by fire. However, after the church's destruction, three tiled buildings with a different layout were immediately erected on the site. The structure and artifacts suggest that these buildings were likely a Buddhist temple. Additionally, a significant number of cattle horns were found inside the side buildings, suggesting that specific ritual activities took place at this location.
Exploring the potential of dermal grafting: a narrative review in plastic surgery
Authors: Sjöberg Folke , Dogan Sinan , El-Serafi Ahmed T. , Sjöberg Zacharias , Abdelrahman Islam , Steinvall Ingrid , Karlsson Matilda , Olofsson Pia , Lindford Andrew , Vuola Jyrki , Elmasry Moustafa
Published: November 2024

Dermal grafting (DG) has emerged as an innovative technique in plastic and reconstructive surgery, offering several advantages over traditional skin grafting methods. This review provides an in-depth exploration of DG, highlighting its applications, benefits, and future directions. The historical evolution of skin grafting is discussed, tracing the development of DG as a novel approach to address the limitations of conventional techniques.

The review focuses on four key advantages of DG: (1) accelerated healing of donor sites; (2) improved aesthetic outcomes at recipient sites due to the elastic nature of dermal grafts; (3) increased graft availability by effectively at least doubling the amount of graft material obtained from a single donor site; and (4) utility in scar revision and reconstruction procedures, particularly in areas with restrictive scarring or contractures.

Recent advancements, such as the development of a multiblade dermatome, have addressed the technical challenges associated with DG harvesting, potentially broadening the clinical adoption of this technique. Preliminary results from studies utilizing this new device have demonstrated its feasibility in producing dual grafts (split-thickness skin graft and dermal graft) concurrently, simplifying the surgical procedure.

The review also explores future directions in DG, including further refinements to the multiblade dermatome, and clinical trials to validate long-term benefits.

Overall, this review highlights the significant advantages of DG and its potential in advancements of plastic and reconstructive surgery, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
Beyond AI and robotics: the dawn of surgical automation in spine surgery
Authors: Sadagopan Nishanth S. , Prasad Dillan , Jain Rishi , Ahuja Christopher , Dahdaleh Nader S. , El Tecle Najib E.
Published: November 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) algorithms are revolutionizing spine surgery. Soon, these technologies may allow the integration of automated devices into clinical practice. The roles of such devices are yet to be imagined and then developed, but one could assume that automated surgical devices can assist spine surgeons in a variety of ways, such as contextual guidance, precise screw placements, or intraoperative monitoring. In the not-too-distant future, such devices may be able to perform entire surgeries autonomously. Current literature suggests that advancements toward autonomous robotic surgery may improve surgical approaches and reduce negative clinical variation in spine surgery outcomes. This review aims to examine the current trends, practices, and advancements in surgical automation and provide an overview of the stages of automation of devices currently employed within spine surgery.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ПІДГОТОВКИ ТА ПЕРЕПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ІЗ ПРОТЕЗУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Мельник Ганна , Худецький Ігор , Антонова-Рафі Юлія
Published: November 2024

Внаслідок війни в Україні відбулося стрімке зростання кількості пацієнтів з ампутаціями як верхніх так і нижніх кінцівок, що веде за собою необхідність збільшення кількості кваліфікованих фахівців, які здатні надавати комплексні послуги з протезування та реабілітації. У статті розглянуто основні аспекти професійної підготовки та підвищення кваліфікації фахівців, що працюють у сфері протезування та ортезування. Стаття аналізує сучасні вимоги до здобуття професійної кваліфікації протезиста-ортезиста, включаючи необхідні знання та навички та нормативні документи, що регулюють цю галузь. У роботі проведено порівняння чотирьох освітніх програм (Тернопільського національного медичного університету ім. І. Я. Горбачевського, Львівського національного медичного університету ім. Данила Галицького, Національного університету охорони здоров’я України ім. П. Л. Шупика та Харківського національного медичного університету), що готують фахівців у галузі протезування-орезування, зокрема, відповідності стандарту вищої освіти зі спеціальності, розподілу нормативних та вибіркових освітніх компонентів, наявності та тривалості клінічних практик. Окрему увагу приділено аналізу сучасного стану підвищення кваліфікації фахівців, який відображає необхідність адаптації до швидких змін у технологіях протезування (Direct Socket від Össur, використання сканування та 3Д друку, остеоінтеграція), впровадження нових матеріалів, цифрових технологій та біонічних систем, змін у потребах пацієнтів, психологічних аспектах протезування та появою професійного стандарту «Протезист-ортезист». Обґрунтовується важливість безперервного професійного розвитку, який дозволяє фахівцям залишатися конкурентоспроможними на ринку праці та забезпечувати високий рівень обслуговування пацієнтів та покращення якості життя осіб з обмеженими можливостями
Ultrasound-Based AI for COVID-19 Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Public and Private Lung Ultrasound Datasets and Studies
Authors: Morshed Abrar , Al Shihab Abdulla , Jahin Md Abrar , Al Nahian Md Jaber , Sarker Md Murad Hossain , Ibne Wadud Md Sharjis , Uddin Mohammad Istiaq , Siraji Muntequa Imtiaz , Anjum Nafisa , Shristy Sumiya Rajjab , Rahman Tanvin , Khatun Mahmuda , Dewan Md Rubel , Hossain Mosaddeq , Sultana Razia , Chakma Ripel , Emon Sonet Barua , Islam Towhidul , Hussain Mohammad Arafat
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected millions of people globally, with respiratory organs being strongly affected in individuals with comorbidities. Medical imaging-based diagnosis and prognosis have become increasingly popular in clinical settings for detecting COVID-19 lung infections. Among various medical imaging modalities, ultrasound stands out as a low-cost, mobile, and radiation-safe imaging technology. In this comprehensive review, we focus on AI-driven studies utilizing lung ultrasound (LUS) for COVID-19 detection and analysis. We provide a detailed overview of both publicly available and private LUS datasets and categorize the AI studies according to the dataset they used. Additionally, we systematically analyzed and tabulated the studies across various dimensions, including data preprocessing methods, AI models, cross-validation techniques, and evaluation metrics. In total, we reviewed 60 articles, 41 of which utilized public datasets, while the remaining employed private data. Our findings suggest that ultrasound-based AI studies for COVID-19 detection have great potential for clinical use, especially for children and pregnant women. Our review also provides a useful summary for future researchers and clinicians who may be interested in the field.
From Observer to Agent: On the Unification of Physics and Intelligence Science
Authors: feng liu , Lv BenFu , Liu Ying
Published: November 2024

Research shows that observers and agents, as key concepts in physics and intelligence science respectively, exhibit profound intrinsic consistency. Based on this understanding, we propose and construct Theory of Universal Intelligent Evolution, known as Omega Theory, which offers an innovative exploration of Theory of Everything (ToE) from the perspective of intelligence science. Within the framework of Omega Theory, this paper unifies the research subjects and dynamic mechanisms of physics and intelligence science, revealing that the intelligence level of the observer is the fundamental source of the differences among classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics. Furthermore, this paper proposes that core concepts such as subjectivity and objectivity, determinism and uncertainty, as well as time and space, are inherently related to the intelligent state of agents and Universe.Omega Theory consists of three core models: Standard Agent Model, General Model of Agent Evolution, and Intelligent Universe Evolution Model. Standard Agent Model serves as a foundational axiom, defining the unified structure and functional framework of agents, and it is the cornerstone of the theory. Building upon this, we derive General Model of Agent Evolution and Intelligent Universe Evolution Model. Omega Theory posits that the fundamental units of Universe are agents, and that the entire universe is itself an agent. Matter is a special manifestation of agents, and each agent continuously evolves between the states of absolute zero intelligence and omniscience and omnipotence, driven by two intelligent forces that are derived from the theory.To validate this theory, we have designed a thought experiment in the "Experimental Universe 1," where classical mechanics, relativity, and quantum mechanics experiments can be simultaneously conducted. By adjusting the intelligence level of the observer, we observe that different physical theory scenarios emerge in succession as the observer's intelligence level changes.
Caught in the Crossfire: A Case of Splenic Infarction Amid G-CSF Therapy in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Peshin Supriya , Balla Mamtha , Singh Shagun , Dharia Adit , Kapadia Chirag , Krishnadasan Ravitharan
Published: November 2024

This case report highlights a rare but significant complication associated with the use of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) therapy, specifically splenic infarction, in a 67-year-old male with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) undergoing chemotherapy. G-CSFs, such as Neulasta (pegfilgrastim), are frequently used to prevent febrile neutropenia in cancer patients undergoing myelotoxic chemotherapy. While G-CSF is effective in reducing the risk of neutropenia, its administration has been linked to uncommon but severe complications like splenic infarction and rupture. Our patient, receiving dose-dense chemotherapy with G-CSF support, developed severe abdominal pain midway through treatment. A computed tomography (CT) scan revealed multiple splenic hypodensities consistent with splenic infarction, but no active bleeding. Conservative management was successfully employed, avoiding surgical intervention. This case underscores the need for vigilance when administering G-CSF, particularly in patients at high risk for complications, and contributes to the limited body of literature on G-CSF-induced splenic infarction.
From Fossil to Bio–Based AESO–TiO2 Microcomposite for Engineering Applications
Authors: Varganici Cristian-Dragos , Rosu Liliana , Rosu Dan , Asandulesa Mihai
Published: November 2024

Environmental issues and reduction of fossil resources led to the partial or total substitution of petroleum based materials with natural raw renewable ones. The continuous decrease in world oil reserves and unpredictable price fluctuations compelled both academia and the industry to invest massively in the production of new materials. One expanding domain is the obtaining of engineering materials from raw renewable natural resources as sustainable eco–friendly polymers for different applications. This is the first study on the obtaining, thermal, morphological, dielectric and wettability characterization of a composite from thermally cured solvent–free bio–based epoxidized and acrylated soybean oil containing low quantities of reactive diluent and TiO2 microparticles as filler. The microcomposite also possessed reduced initial matrix formulation viscosity and without the toxic curing agents. The material was characterized by Fourier–transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy, broadband dielectric spectrometry and contact angle measurements. Here we demonstrate that the composite exhibits superior thermal stability, glass transition temperature, dielectric constant and hydrophobicity to the pristine matrix. All investigations recommend the microcomposite for optoelectronic devices and as layer in thin–film transistors. This study brings new contributions to green chemistry and sustainable materials.
Precarity in the Modes of Living: Proposing an Index for Studying Health Inequities at the Ecological Level in Colombia
Authors: Santa Ramírez Hugo Alejandro , Ramírez-Giraldo Andrés-Felipe , Pilkington Hugo , Borrell Carme , Otálvaro-Castro Gabriel Jaime
Published: November 2024

Deprivation indices are used to monitor health inequities. However, their theoretical underpinnings have been based on the context of Western industrialized countries, which have distinct social and historical backgrounds compared to Latin America and the Caribbean and countries in the Global South. Following the Latin American Social Determination of Health perspective, particularly the category Modes of Living supported by the construct of precarity, we aimed to develop an index of precarity in the modes of living at the department level in Colombia and assess its geographical distribution and usefulness for public health purposes. We conducted an ecological cross-sectional study with national administrative records. We developed a precarity index through Principal Component Analysis and performed spatial autocorrelation analyses and regression models with child mortality indicators. Our final index comprised twenty indicators representing four dimensions of the modes of living and power relations. We found precarity not to distribute randomly in Colombia, with a center-periphery divide and higher precarity observed in the country's margin. We also found an association of our index with under-five mortality (SMR=1.19; 95%CI 1.08 – 1.31) and infant mortality (SMR=1.13; 95%CI 1.00 – 1.26). Our index highlights the relevance of considering the modes of living when devising deprivation indices or similar measures from Colombia or Latin America. This approach may provide different perspectives on the health-disease process and potential value for public health planning.
Title Multi-Mode Face-to-Face and Telephone Approach to Data Collection in Health Surveys: A Scoping Review
Authors: Guerra Paulo Henrique , Sposito Letícia Aparecida Calderão , Umpierre Daniel , Florindo Alex Antonio
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: The present study aimed to identify information from health research that used mixed-method data collection, considering the approach of face-to-face interviews and telephone interviews (MMFT), with a more specific focus on identifying its themes, objectives, designs, populations involved and implementation process. Methods: A scoping review was developed, with systematic searches applied in March 2024, in five databases (Pubmed; Scielo; Scopus and Web of Science), Google Scholar and reference lists. The inclusion criteria were based on the strategy "Participants" (observational epidemiological studies, with no restrictions as to where they were carried out, sampling technique or sample profile); "Concept” (use of MMFT in data collection) and “Context” (studies carried out in the health area, with no restrictions on the theme/subject). The review process was conducted by three researchers who worked independently. Results: from the initial 1,515 potential references, the synthesis of this review was composed of data from seven original studies, highlighting: cross-sectional design, involvement of adults and/or elderly people without specific health conditions, variability between data collection strategies and complementary use of online approaches. Conclusions: based on the evidence generated, it is recommended that future studies assess aspects of the MMFT approach in terms of response rate, cost reduction and increasing the speed with which health surveys are carried out.
Overweight-Related Hypertension in Middle-Aged Men: Pathophysiological Impact of Serum Leptin, TNF-α, IL-6, Cholesterol and Testosterone
Authors: Alaamri Shalan , Serafi Abdulhalim S , Hussain Zahir , Bafail Shouq K. , Bafail Mohammed A. , Demirkhanyan Lusine , Gondi Christopher S , Sohail Sumera
Published: November 2024

The age and sex specific data of the worldwide prevalence of hypertension (HT) shows that it is an important health challenge and requires to be screened, prevented and treated with high priority. One of the major causes of HT is the transition of normal weight status to overweight (OW) status and obesity in a population that leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other disorders. A variety of factors/ variables are involved in the development of HT and OW related hypertension (OHT). We proposed the present study to consult the middle-aged men (age range: 51-60 years) having HT and OHT along with normal control (NC; age range: 51-60 years) men for investigating the two samples comparisons, analysis of variance and correlations of serum leptin (Lep), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), serum testosterone (ST), total cholesterol (TC) and other variables in NC (n: 98; high normal weight BMI: 23-24.9 kg/m2, HT (n: 97; high normal weight BMI: 23-24.9 kg/m2) and OHT (n: 97; high overweight BMI: 28-29.9 kg/m2) subjects. Significant variations were obtained for the comparisons of TNF-α, Lep, ST and TC for the subject groups. The OHT vs. NC showed significant difference for ST. The OHT vs. NC and OHT vs. HT gave significant variation for IL-6. One-way ANOVA revealed significant change for TNF-α, Lep, IL-6, ST and TC levels among groups. Significant and positive linear associations were obtained for each other for TNF-α, Lep, TC and IL-6. The HT and OHT subject groups presented non-significant negative linear correlations for ST plotted against TC. Significant and negative linear association was found for ST plotted against each of Lep, TNF-α and IL-6. Conclusively, the current report provides pathophysiological evidence of the interactive role of serum Lep, TNF-α, ST, TC and IL-6 in middle-aged men with hypertension and overweight-related hypertension.
Response of the bGeigie Nano and CzechRad Monitors to Secondary Cosmic Radiation
Authors: Kuča Petr , Helebrant Jan , Bossew Peter
Published: November 2024

Ambient dose rate surveying has the objective, in most cases, to quantify terrestrial radiation levels. This is true in particular for Citizen Monitoring projects. Readings of detectors, which do not provide spectrally resolved information, such as G-M counters, are the sum of contributions from different sources, including cosmic radiation. To estimate the terrestrial component, one has to subtract the remaining ones. In this paper, we investigate the cosmic response of two particular monitors, the bGeigie Nano which has been used extensively in the Safecast Citizen Monitoring project and its upgraded version, the new CzechRad which uses the same G-M detector, and show how the local contribution of cosmic radiation can be estimated.
A Machine Learning Tool with An Integrated Dataset Towards the Construction of An Early Warning System for Dengue in Zulia State, Venezuela
Authors: Cabrera Maritza , Naranjo-Torres José , Cabrera Ángel , Zambrano Lysien , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J.
Published: November 2024

Considering the sustained increase of dengue outbreaks in Latin America in recent years, this study proposes the use of machine learning (ML) tools with epidemiological data, meteorological climate parameters considering El Niño and La Niña (Niño 3.4 Index), and socioeconomic and demographic phenomena as a basis for the construction of an early warning system for dengue outbreaks in Zulia State, Venezuela. The study area covers 21 municipalities. Two ML models, support vector regression machine (SVM-R) and Gaussian process regression (GPR), were used. The data were used raw, standardised, and normalized for each model to be trained. The predictions of dengue outbreaks from the GPR and SVR algorithms show agreement with the dates of the real data; it was determined that there is a range of 2 to 3 weeks depending on the municipality. These coincide with previous studies showing that the algorithms do not work properly for some municipalities.
A Robust System for EMC to ECG Signal Conversion and Analysis Using Advanced Digital Signal Processing Techniques
Authors: Santos Dheiver
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive system for converting and analyzing Electromagnetic Cardiac Interference (EMC) signals into high-quality Electrocardiogram (ECG) sig- nals. We introduce a multi-stage approach incorporating advanced preprocessing, adaptive filtering, robust QRS complex detection, and signal quality analysis. The proposed methodol- ogy demonstrates high efficiency in noise and artifact removal while preserving essential cardiac morphological features. Our system achieves a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of up to 20 dB and maintains QRS detection accuracy above 99% in normal conditions. The implemented solution provides automated documentation and quality metrics, making it suitable for both clinical and research applications.
Precipitation Return Period Estimation using Random Forest: A Comparative Analysis with Probability Density Functions using Outdated Weather Station Data
Authors: Anco-Valdivia Johan , Valencia-Félix Sebastián , Espinoza Vigil Alain Jorge , Anco Guido , Booker Julian , Juarez-Quispe Julio , Rojas-Chura Erick
Published: November 2024

Precipitation during a specific return period plays an important role in the design of hydraulic infrastructure. The traditional approach involves collecting annual maximum precipitation data from a station, then subjecting it to statistical probability distributions (PDFs), and finally selecting the one with the lowest value in a goodness-of-fit test (e.g., Kolmogorov-Smirnov). Nevertheless, this methodology assumes current data, leaving uncertainty regarding its suitability for outdated data. The aim of this study is to compare the probability density functions (e.g., Normal, Log Normal, Pearson III) with the machine learning algorithm known as Random Forest (RF) for calculating precipitation at different return periods, using the province of Arequipa in Peru as the study area, through 5 stations located in different parts of the province. This comparison was conducted using the RMSE metric in both methods to evaluate their performance, resulting in RF having a lower RMSE than PDFs in most cases in calculating precipitation for return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years for the studied stations.
Evolving Treatment Landscape of Frontline Therapy for Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Current Insights and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kwon Whi-An , Lee Min-Kyung
Published: November 2024

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has long been the standard first-line treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC). However, owing to comorbidities, up to 50% of patients are ineligible for cisplatin, necessitating alternative primary treatment options. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a vital alternative for those unable to receive cisplatin. However, the prognosis for advanced urothelial carcinoma remains grim, with challenges persisting in optimizing first-line therapy. Recent advancements have redirected attention towards innovative combinations in primary treatment. The combination of enfortumab vedotin (EV) and pembrolizumab has significantly improved overall and progression-free survival compared to chemotherapy alone. This marks a critical shift in first-line treatment options for patients who are cisplatin-ineligible or require alternatives to standard chemotherapy. While platinum-based chemotherapy continues to be essential for many patients, the approval of EV and pembrolizumab as first-line treatments for cisplatin-ineligible patients signifies a significant breakthrough in primary care. These therapies offer new options and enhance outcomes in terms of survival and response rates, highlighting the increasing relevance of ICI-containing regimens in frontline care. This review provides an exhaustive overview of the current frontline treatment landscape for mUC, incorporating clinical trial evidence and exploring investigational agents to aid in clinical decision-making and guide future therapeutic strategies.
Capacity Planning (Capital, Staff and Costs) of Inpatient Maternity Services: Pitfalls for the Unwary
Authors: Jones Rodney P
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the process of planning for future inpatient resources (beds, staff and costs) for maternity (pregnancy and childbirth) services. The process of planning is approached from a patient centered philosophy; hence, how do we discharge a suitably rested healthy mother who is fully capable of caring for the newborn baby back into the community. It demonstrates some of the difficulties in predicting future births and investigates trends in the average length of stay. While it is relatively easy to document longer-term (past) trends in births and the conditions relating to pregnancy and birth, it is exceedingly difficult to predict the future nature of such trends. The issue of optimum average bed occupancy is addressed via the Erlang B equation which links number of beds, average bed occupancy and turn-away. Turn-away is the proportion of times that there is not an immediately available bed for the next arriving inpatient. Economy of scale implied by queuing theory (and the implied role of population density) explains why many well intended community-based schemes fail to gain traction. The paper also addresses some of the erroneous ideas around the dogma that reducing length of stay ‘saves’ money. Maternity departments are encouraged to understand how their costs are calculated to avoid the trap where it is suggested by others that in reducing the length of stay, they will reduce costs and increase ‘efficiency’. Indeed, up to 60% of calculated maternity ‘costs’ are apportioned hospital overheads from supporting departments such as finance, personnel, buildings and grounds, IT, information, etc., along with depreciation charges on the hospital-wide buildings and equipment. These costs, “the fixed costs dilemma”, are totally beyond the control of the maternity department and will vary by hospital depending on how these costs are apportioned to the maternity unit. Premature discharge, one of the unfortunate outcomes of turn-away, is demonstrated to shift maternity costs into the pediatric and neonatal departments as ‘boomerang babies’ then require the cost of avoidable inpatient care. Examples are given from the English NHS of how misdirected government policy can create unforeseen problems.
Identifying Key Factors in Consumers’ Pension Decisions Using Data Mining. Evidence from Poland
Authors: Świecka Beata , Kowalczyk-Rólczyńska Patrycja , Pieńkowska-Kamieniecka Sylwia , Śledziowski Jakub , Terefenko Paweł
Published: November 2024

As pension benefits from statutory public schemes become less generous and many countries face pension-savings crises, the willingness to participate in supplementary retirement-saving instruments becomes crucial for sustainable financial well-being. The study highlighted factors influencing participation in auto-enrollment and private supplementary pension savings. The study focuses mainly on financial literacy and trust. We used the CAWI method with 867 interviews in Poland - the first country in Central and Eastern Europe to introduce an auto-enrolment pension system. Our study uses multivariable data-mining tools, and several regression models were applied. We used Logistic Regression (LR), Multivariate Linear Regression (MLR), and Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) to support the LR analysis. We propose four regression models. Our findings present that: 1. The lower the consumer’s knowledge level, the more their decisions are based on trust. 2. Trust in the state, rather than trust in financial institutions, plays a crucial role for people with low financial literacy, which is a critical factor in choosing the auto-enrolment option for pension savings. 3. Men had higher odds of auto-enrolment pension saving than women. 4. Employees of economic universities and academics had higher odds of participating in capital pension plans than those of general universities and non-academics. Our findings can signal to governments and policymakers about factors influencing the choice of auto-enrolment supplementary retirement savings. These findings strengthen the role of sustainable economic education.
A Novel Glycoengineered Humanized Antibody Targeting DLK1 Exhibits Potent Anti-Tumor Activity in DLK1-Expressing Liver Cancer Cell Xenograft Models
Authors: Nakamura Koji , Takahashi Kota , Sakaguchi Izumi , Satoh Takumi , Lingyi Zhang , Yanai Hiroyuki , Tsukumo Yukihito
Published: November 2024

Abstract: Delta-like 1 homolog (DLK1), a non-canonical Notch ligand, is highly expressed in various malignant tumors, especially in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CBA-1205 is an afucosylated humanized antibody against DLK1 with enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The binding characteristics of CBA-1205 were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting assay. The ADCC activity of CBA-1205 was assessed. The anti-tumor efficacy of CBA-1205 was evaluated in xenograft mouse models, and toxicity and toxicokinetic profiles of CBA-1205 were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys. CBA-1205 selectively bound to DLK1 among the Notch ligands and only to monkey and human DLK1. The binding epitope was between epidermal growth factor-like domains 1 and 2 of DLK1, which are not involved in any known physiological functions. The ADCC activity of CBA-1205 was confirmed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells as effector cells. CBA-1205 as a single-agent and in combination with lenvatinib demonstrated long-lasting anti-tumor efficacy, including tumor regression, in two liver cancer xenograft models. The toxicity and toxicokinetic profiles of CBA-1205 in cynomolgus monkeys were favorable. These findings suggest that CBA-1205 has the potential to be a useful therapeutic option for drug treatment in HCC. A phase 1 study is ongoing in patients with advanced cancers (jRCT2080225288).
Phytochemical Profile, Cytotoxicity, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-oxidant, and Anti-glycation Activity of Annona crassiflora Ex-tract: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Corrêa de Souza Laura Akie , Parreiras Costa Gislene , Fracasso Júlia Amanda Rodrigues , da Costa Luisa Taynara Silvério , Barbosa Debora Barros , Zoppé Natalia Alves , Marques Ribeiro Júlia , Ximenes Valdecir Farias , Ribeiro-Paes João Tadeu , dos Santos Lucinéia
Published: November 2024

Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play significant roles in the development of various diseases like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to explore the po-tential therapeutic benefits of Annona crassiflora (Araticum-do-Cerrado) leaves, specifically fo-cusing on their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-glycation properties. To achieve this, a hydroethanolic extract of the plant’s leaves (EHAC) was prepared and subjected to phytochemical analysis and in vitro tests to evaluate its effects. The tests included assessing its impact on fibro-blast cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory capabilities (phagocytosis and macrophage spreading), an-tioxidant activity (DPPH and lipid peroxidation), and anti-glycation activity. The results indicated that EHAC contains high levels of phenolic compounds, including rutin and quercetin. The ex-tract demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory activity by significantly inhibiting phagocytosis and macrophage spreading. Furthermore, it exhibited high antioxidant capacity by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and scavenging free radicals. Additionally, it showed notable anti-glycation activity by completely inhibiting the formation of AGEs at the tested concentrations. The cell viability remained above 95% at concentrations up to 800 µg/mL. In conclusion, EHAC has significant therapeutic potential, and further research is warranted for its development as a phytotherapeu-tic, with the aim of preserving the biodiversity of the Brazilian Cerrado.
Exploring the Behavior and Performance of Large Language Models: Can LLMs Infer Answers to Questions Involving Restricted Information?
Authors: Cadena-Bautista Ángel , López-Ponce Francisco , Ojeda-Trueba Sergio , Sierra Gerardo , Bel-Enguix Gemma
Published: November 2024

In this paper various LLMs are tested in a specific domain using a Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) system. The study focuses on the performance and behaviour of the models and was conducted in Spanish. A questionnaire based on The Bible, which consist of questions that vary in complexity of reasoning, was created in order to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of each model. The RAG system matches a question with the most similar passage from The Bible and feeds the pair to each LLM. The evaluation aims to determine whether each model can reason solely with the provided information or if it disregards the instructions given and makes use on its pretrained knowledge.
Comparative Study on Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicle Batteries from Regional and Energy Perspective
Authors: Feng Ruiqi , Guo Wei , Zhang Chenjie , Nie Yuxuan
Published: November 2024

Against the backdrop of the global goal of "carbon neutrality", the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) is of great significance in reducing the use of fossil fuels and vehicle emissions, and in promoting the transformation of the automotive industry into a green and low-carbon direction. The wide application of electric vehicles not only reduces the dependence on non-renewable resources such as oil, but also significantly reduces carbon emissions in the transport sector, thus making an important contribution to the global response to climate change. In electric vehicles, ternary lithium batteries (NCM) and lithium iron phosphate batteries (LFP) are two widely used batteries. This paper investigates the resource and environmental impacts of 1KW ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries during the battery production process based on the Life Cycle Assessment model. The importance of clean energy in reducing environmental pollution and global warming potential is revealed by introducing four different power generation types and the regional power generation structure in China into the power battery production process. The results of the study show that lithium iron phosphate batteries batteries have a clear advantage in terms of environmental friendliness. While Nickel Cobalt Manganese batteries are more advantageous in terms of performance. Environmental pollution during battery production can be effectively reduced through the comprehensive use of clean energy and optimization of the production process. Specific measures include improving the energy efficiency of the production process, adopting renewable energy for power supply, and reducing the use of hazardous substances. Through these measures, the battery industry can develop in a greener and more sustainable direction.
Potential Effects on the Quinoa Cultivation Yield Based on Different Hydric Scenarios of the Chilean Altiplano
Authors: Sánchez-Monje Matías , Olave Jorge
Published: November 2024

This study evaluates the impact of different irrigation scenarios on the yield of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in the Chilean Altiplano. The research was conducted in Ancovinto, Tarapacá, Chile, using "Pandela" quinoa seeds. Four irrigation treatments were implemented: rainfed (T0), and irrigation at 100% ETc (T1), 66% ETc (T2), and 33% ETc (T3). Various climatic variables, soil moisture content, and agromorphological parameters were measured. Results indicated that rainfed conditions (T0) led to higher dry matter production in roots, stems, leaves, and panicles at the end of the growth cycle compared to irrigated treatments. Leaf Area Index (LAI) was also higher in rainfed conditions during the flowering stage, demonstrating the crop's adaptability to adverse water conditions. Plants under rainfed conditions reached greater heights and showed higher harvest indices (HI) and grain yield than those under irrigation. Water Use Efficiency (WUE) was significantly higher in rainfed conditions, suggesting more effective water utilization under water scarcity. The results obtained show that quinoa plants under traditional management (rainfed) exhibited the best response in the measured growth, development, and production variables, leading to higher production and harvest rates. Additionally, these was greater efficiency in water use, equivalent to 15,87 and 12,7 times that of the 100% and 33% ETc treatments, respectively. These findings highlight the quinoa's remarkable adaptability to harsh hydric conditions and the efficiency of traditional rainfed farming practices in the Altiplano.
Assessing Smart Campus Performance: Framework Consolidation and Validation Through a Delphi Study
Authors: Polin Ken , Yigitcanlar Tan , Limb Mark , Washington Tracy
Published: November 2024

The concept of a smart campus is rapidly gaining traction worldwide, driven by the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) along with the digital transformation of higher education institutions. While numerous initiatives have been undertaken to enhance the capability of smart campus systems to keep pace with AI advancements, there have been few attempts to develop a cohesive conceptual framework for the smart campus and, to date, there has been limited empirical research conducted to validate the framework. This study bridges this gap by providing the first in-depth assessment of a holistic smart campus conceptual framework. The paper uses a Delphi Study approach to validate and consolidate a framework for assessing the robustness of the smart campus assessment framework for application in university settings. The framework consists of four domains, 16 categories, and 48 indicators, comprising a total of 68 items were validated by the experts across the globe. Two rounds of structured questionnaires were conducted to achieve consensus on the framework. The first round involved 34 experts from diverse geographic and professional backgrounds in the smart campus field. The second round included 21 of the earlier participants, which was sufficient to determine consensus. In total seven of the 48 indicators were agreed upon after round 1, increasing to 43 after round 2. The results indicate strong agreement among the experts, affirming the framework’s robustness. This study offers an expert-based, interpretive assessment on the development of the smart campus concept, with a particular focus on validating the smart campus framework.