bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bias in Histopathology Datasets: A Comprehensive Investigation on Possible Factors
Authors: Kheiri Farnaz , Rahnamayan Shahryar , Makrehchi Masoud , Bidgoli Azam Asilian
Published: June 2024

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in medical applications, including digital pathology, where they excel at analyzing complex patterns in medical images to assist in accurate disease diagnosis and prognosis. However, concerns have arisen about potential biases in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, a comprehensive repository for digitalized histopathology and a validation source for deep models, suggesting that over-optimistic results of model performance may be due to reliance on biased features rather than histological characteristics. Surprisingly, recent studies have confirmed the existence of site-specific bias in the embedded features extracted for cancer-type discrimination, leading to high accuracy in acquisition site classification. This biased behavior motivated us to conduct an in-depth analysis to investigate potential causes behind this unexpected biased ability toward site-specific pattern recognition. The analysis was conducted on two cutting-edge DNN models: KimiaNet, a state-of-the-art DNN trained on TCGA images, and the self-trained EfficientNet. Considering the classification accuracy of acquisition sites as a measure of bias, a series of experiments has been designed to examine the impact of various factors, including patching, data imbalance, and staining.
Exposure to short wavelength light absorbed by mitochondria is associated with weight gain, shifts in cytokine expression and anxiety-like behaviours.
Authors: Al-Hussaini Heba , Al-Onaizi Mohammed , Abed Bara S. , Powner Michael B. , Hasan Sonia , Jeffery Glen
Published: June 2024

Mitochondria absorb short wavelengths around 420nm. This is associated with reduced ATP and restricted mobility. The 420-450nm range is a significant element of LED lighting and computer monitors. Here we expose freely moving mice to 420nm or 450nm lighting and show rapidly weight gain within a week. This may be due to reduced mitochondrial demand for circulating carbohydrates. Both groups displayed marked shifts in serum cytokines. Open field mobility was examined. The distance travelled was similar between both experimental groups and their controls. However, both experimental groups showed avoidance of central regions consistent with anxiety-like behaviours. This was significant in the 420nm group whose wavelength exposure is closer to peak mitochondrial absorbance. These data demonstrate the potential hazards of exposure to specific short wavelengths in the visual range now common in the built environment. Data are consistent with a wider literature on systemic problems arising from exposure to short wavelength light.
Leveraging Large Language Models for Knowledge-free Weak Supervision in Clinical Natural Language Processing
Authors: Hsu Enshuo , Roberts Kirk
Published: June 2024

The performance of deep learning-based natural language processing systems is based on large amounts of labeled training data which, in the clinical domain, are not easily available or affordable. Weak supervision and in-context learning offer partial solutions to this issue, particularly using large language models (LLMs), but their performance still trails traditional supervised methods with moderate amounts of gold-standard data. In particular, inferencing with LLMs is computationally heavy. We propose an approach leveraging fine-tuning LLMs and weak supervision with virtually no domain knowledge that still achieves consistently dominant performance. Using a prompt-based approach, the LLM is used to generate weakly-labeled data for training a downstream BERT model. The weakly supervised model is then further fine-tuned on small amounts of gold standard data. We evaluate this approach using Llama2 on three different n2c2 datasets. With no more than 10 gold standard notes, our final BERT models weakly supervised by fine-tuned Llama2-13B consistently outperformed out-of-the-box PubMedBERT by 4.7–47.9% in F1 scores. With only 50 gold standard notes, our models achieved close performance to fully fine-tuned systems.
Effects of fertilization depth and optimization of fertilizer formulation on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids.) quality and soil fertility
Authors: wang jiafeng , zhong ning , li wenjiao , cai qiuliang
Published: June 2024

It was to investigate the effects of different fertilizer formulation and fertilizer depth treatments on sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids.) yield, quality traits, soil enzyme activities, and overall soil fertility. The field micro-area experiment was conducted in Baise City, Guangxi Province. The sugarcane treatments were applied with different formulations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and different fertilization depths. The soil fertility level of different fertilization treatments was comprehensively scored by principal component analysis and fuzzy mathematics. In comparison to conventional fertilization, the D15 treatment for optimized fertilization rate at 15 cm depth demonstrated enhanced sugarcane height and sugar content. Additionally, the total seedling weight increased by 35.26%. Furthermore, the inter-root soil contents of urease, sucrase, catalase, and acid phosphatase exhibited a significant increase by 75.37%, 50.94%, 4.87%, and 24.56%. The nitrogen content of sugarcane stems was increased by 52.24%. The nitrogen and potassium contents of sugarcane stems exhibited a notable increase in the T2 treatment, when compared to the other treatments, reaching 1.835 g/kg and 8.111 g/kg, respectively. The combined soil fertility of the T4 and D15 treatments was moderate, and exhibited an upward trend when compared to the low soil fertility observed in the T0 conventional fertilization treatment. 1In conclusion, the fertilizer optimization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and the fertilizer one-time application at 15 cm depth was more consistent with the nutrient needs of sugarcane compared to the conventional application. The soil integrated fertility increased by optimizing the application of fertilizer and fertilizer depth compared to conventional fertilization, could reduce the input of fertilizer.
Identification and expression analysis of sesquiterpenes biosynthesis-related genes during the bark regeneration process of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Yan Mengyao , Zhou Guangzhen , Luo Haifen , Liu Zheng , Wan Yinglang
Published: June 2024

Agarwood is a secretion produced by certain trees of the Aquilaria genus in the Thymelaeaceae family after they suffer external damage. It is a mixture formed by the infiltration of various secondary metabolites, including chromones, sesquiterpenes, and resins, into the wood. Agarwood is a precious traditional medicinal material and fragrance, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its formation are not well-understood. In this study, we employed a ring-barking method to remove the bark of Aquilaria sinensis over a large area. During the bark regeneration process, agarwood substances were stably produced alongside the proliferation of secretory cells. After 35 days of implantation, an increase in secretory substances was detected in the regenerated bark. By the 50th day of formation, the ethanol extract content reached 12.9%, increasing to 19.1% by the 135th day. We further identified sesquiterpene synthesis–related genes in A. sinensis. Gene expression profile showed that the expression levels of the genes related to the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate pathway gradually increased, while the expression levels of the genes related to the mevalonic acid pathway continued to decrease. After 360 days of agarwood formation, we extracted the essential oil from the regenerated cambium layer by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. We identified 100 characteristic secondary metabolites of agarwood in essential oils through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, including 27 sesquiterpenoids. In conclusion, our study provides new clues for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms of agarwood formation and lays the foundation for the breeding of new agarwood varieties.
Maternal-Infant Outcome Analysis of Live Births from Painless Oocyte Retrieval in Assisted Reproductive Technology
Authors: Gao Pingping , Hu Xuyan , Xia Leizhen , Chen Junmin , Zhang Xuehong , Xu Dingfei , Tian Lifeng , Huang Jialyu
Published: June 2024

Objective: To investigate the maternal-infant outcomes of live births resulting from painless oocyte retrieval within assisted reproductive technology (ART). Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of clinical data from patients who achieved live births through in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from September 2021 to May 2023. The study included 5,806 cycles of fresh embryo transfers during the early follicular phase prolonged protocol. Propensity score matching yielded 1,563 cases in both the painless oocyte retrieval group and the control group. Univariate analysis was utilized to assess differences in basic clinical data, maternal complications, and neonatal birth outcomes. Results: There was no statistical significance between the two groups in terms of oocyte retrieval numbers, fertilization methods, matured ICSI oocytes, normal fertilized oocytes, normal cleavage oocytes, high-quality embryos, transferable embryos, ICSI oocyte maturation rates, normal fertilization rates, normal cleavage rates, high-quality embryo rates, transplantable blastocyst formation rates, rates of non-transplantable embryos, and fresh embryo transfer rates (all P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in the number of embryos transferred, types of embryos transplanted, the presence of at least one high-quality embryo during transplantation, HCG positive rates, biochemical abortion rates, embryo implantation rates, clinical pregnancy rates, abortion rates, live birth rates, single fetus rates, and multiple pregnancy rates between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). There were also no significant differences in gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, placental abnormalities, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, cesarean section rates, and premature rupture of membranes between the groups (all P>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of single live births larger than gestational age (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in sex distribution, preterm and very preterm birth rates, postmature birth rates, proportions of low birth weight, very low birth weight, giant infants, incidences of small for gestational age, and birth defects between the 2 groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion: The use of propofol in painless oocyte retrieval does not impact the fertilization of oocytes, follicular maturation, cleavage, or clinical pregnancy rates, nor does it increase the risk of maternal complications or birth defects in live births. Therefore, painless oocyte retrieval is considered relatively safe.
Determining shot effectiveness in padel: Exploring differences between winning and losing teams
Authors: Conde-Ripoll Rafael , Martín-Miguel Iván , Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino J. , Escudero-Tena Adrián
Published: June 2024

The aims were to (i) analyze winners, forced errors, unforced errors, and forced error generators based on set results and serve, (ii) examine differences between set winning and losing pairs regarding shot types and effectiveness, and (iii) investigate differences between set winning and losing pairs in shot types that generate forced errors. Data were collected from 41 professional matches (men and women) at the World Padel Tour Finland Padel Open website. The results reveal that pairs generate more winners and forced error generators at serve, while forced errors are more prominent at return. The winning pair achieved more winners (men: CSR = 7.7; women: CSR = 7.4), whereas the losing pair committed more errors (men: forced errors (CSR = 4.3) and unforced errors (CSR = 3.8); women: forced errors (CSR = 4.8) and unforced errors (CSR = 2.8)). Additionally, the winning pair generated more forced errors (men: 56.5%; women: 60.0%) than the losing pair did (men: 43.5%; women: 40.0%). These findings are crucial for coaches and players as they offer insights into sex-specific technical aspects, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of training strategies.
Oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein increases peripheral blood telomere length in young and aged mice
Authors: Inui Toshio , Kawamura Namiko , Kubo Kentaro , Yamakage Hajime , Satoh-Asahara Noriko , Ogawa Yoshihiro , Katsuura Goro
Published: June 2024

The effects of oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein on peripheral blood telomere length and telomerase were examined in young and aged mice. In young mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly elongated following oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. Expression of both telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomerase RNA component (TERC) was significantly increased in the peripheral blood following oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. In aged mice, peripheral blood telomere length was significantly decreased as compared with that of young mice, and significantly restored to the level of young mice drinking water by the oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. The expression of peripheral blood TERT and TERC mRNA in aged mice significantly decreased as compared with the level in young mice drinking water, and was significantly restored to the level of expression of young mice drinking water by oral intake of degalactosylated whey protein for 4 weeks. These results suggest that degalactosylated whey protein, but not intact whey protein, potently increases peripheral blood telomere length accompanied by increased mRNA expression of TERT and TERC in both young and aged mice.
Analytical model for helical particle array assessment for EMI shielding applications
Authors: Hamidi Ayoub , Cheldavi Ahmad , Korayem Asghar Habibnejad
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces a novel analytical method for studying power transmission through an infinite array of helical-shaped metal particles in a lossy dielectric medium. While the assessment of composite slabs' transmitted power has been extensively researched in the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding field, many studies lack an adequate problem description. The primary inadequacy of these studies is the need for an analytical framework. This study, besides presenting a new approach to designing a concrete composite that leverages the magnetoelectric properties of the particles, making it suitable for EMI shielding, also employs a theoretical method to analyze the composite. A circuit model of the array is introduced using a modal field decomposition, which justifies the impact of helix transmission modes and the transverse magnetic field component on the shielding properties of the array. It is also shown that the resonances of the array can be tuned by engineering the helix properties. Furthermore, to broaden the applicable bandwidth of the composite, a multi-layer structure is proposed. The computational load of the proposed method demonstrates exceptional speed due to its circuit model foundation. The model yields practical results, making it ideal for optimizing various shielding structures, including concrete composite design for EMI applications.
Effectiveness of Different Teaching Methods to Enhance Dental Students' Knowledge and Restorative Cement Manipulation Skills
Authors: Varughese Anju , M Remya , S Deepthy , Ramanarayanan Venkitachalam , Varghese Arya Acca , KG Vidya
Published: June 2024

Introduction:The present study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of flipped learning and smart class compared to the traditional teaching method in two arenas of learning: acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skill in manipulating dental cement.
Methods:60 first-year undergraduate dental students were divided into three study groups and exposed to three teaching methods namely Traditional Teaching (TT), Smart Class (SC), and Flipped Learning (FL) of three different dental restorative cement. Each teaching method was followed by an evaluation of the ‘knowledge assessment score’, a live demonstration of the cement manipulation, and the participants ‘skill assessment score’. The scores obtained were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test for statistical significance.
Results: The ‘knowledge assessment score’ was significantly high in the FL group (p-value - 0.001), however, there was no significant difference between SC and TT groups (p-value - 1.0). The ‘skill assessment score’ in FL and SC groups was significantly higher (p-value 0.001), yet there was no significant difference between FL and SC groups (p-value 0.798).
Discussion: Of the three teaching methods assessed, flipped learning proved to be more effective in the knowledge acquired and clinical competence demonstrated when compared to other techniques in dental education.
Prenatal diagnosis and pregnancy outcomes in high-risk and borderline high-risk pregnant women for Down syndrome
Authors: Tian Tian , Huang Zhi , Li Yuquan , Ding Kaize , Zheng Huilin
Published: June 2024

Background: Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and serological triple screening were used to analyse the clinical and pregnancy outcomes of women classified as borderline/high-risk for Down syndrome (DS).
Results: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 3,245 pregnant women who underwent karyotyping combined with BACs-on-BeadsTM (BoBsTM) and karyotyping combined with chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA). The overall prevalence of fetuses at high risk of DS was 7.55% (245/3245), of which the incidence of DS was 84.49% (207/245), sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) was 5.31% (13/245), trisomy 18 was 4.49% (11/245), pathogenic copy number variations (PCNVs) was 4.08% (10/245), and variant of uncertain significance (VOUS) was 1.22% (3/245). Seven cases of mosaicism undetected by BoBsTM and one case of mosaicism undetected by CMA were detected by karyotyping. One additional complex rearrangement was detected by karyotyping. The CNV detection rate of CMA was higher than that of BoBsTM [1.75% (9/513) vs. 0.15% (4/2732)]. The positive predictive values of NIPT (70.00%) were higher than those of serological triple screening (0.95%), which is useful in DS, trisomy 18, SCA, and CNV. Of the pregnancies, 96.62% (200/207) were DS; 100% (11/11), trisomy 18; 61.54% (8/13), SCA; 70.00% (7/10), PCNVs; and 0% (0/3), VOUS terminated pregnancies.
Conclusions: Serological triple screening is useful for DS and SCA, trisomy 18, and CNV. Karyotyping combined with CMA detected more mosaicism and CNV than karyotyping combined with BoBsTM. The labour induction rate of DS and trisomy 18 was higher than that of SCA, and PCNVs were higher than VOUS.
Multiplexed molecular imaging identifies pancreatic cancer candidates for epigenetic modulators
Authors: Szymonski Krzysztof , Janiszewska Natalia , Sofińska Kamila , Skirlińska-Nosek Katarzyna , Lupa Dawid , Czaja Michał , Urbańska Marta , Jurkowska Katarzyna , Konik Kamila , Olszewska Marta , Adamek Dariusz , Awsiuk Kamil , Lipiec Ewelina , Szymonski Marek
Published: June 2024

Genomic alterations drive the tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer (PC). However, alone they do not explain its numerous phenotypes. Exploring the epigenetic landscapes of PC delivers a more insightful picture and might reveal excellent targeted therapies that could improve patient survival. PC subtyping based on histological features reflects its morphological diversity and correlates with clinical outcomes. Here we used a label-free multiplexed molecular imaging to recognize PC epigenetic modifications spatially, consequently, DNA and histone methylation (at lysine and arginine) and histone acetylation (at lysine) were investigated. To complete the picture, B-to-Z-DNA conformational change was assessed. We utilized convolutional neural networks and other machine learning approaches to analyze and semi-quantify the relative variability of epigenome among the six most common PC histological subtypes. We found foamy-glands (FG) and squamous-differentiated (SD) presenting oppositely to others and more alike the benign controls. They consistently expressed higher global levels of epigenetic modifications and higher Z-DNA ratios. Overall, our results suggest variable efficacy of targeting epigenetic regulators in histologically distinct PC subtypes.
Assessing Antimicrobial Consumption in Public and Private Sectors within the Costa Rican Health System: Current Status and Future Directions
Authors: Díaz-Madriz José Pablo , Rojas-Chinchilla Carolina , Zavaleta-Monestel Esteban , Ching-Fung Shing Mi , Marin-Piva Hugo , Marin Gustavo H , Giangreco Lucia
Published: June 2024

Background
Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health threat. Therefore, robust monitoring systems for antimicrobial consumption (AMC) are essential to develop public health strategies. However, Latin American countries, including Costa Rica, face challenges in regularly reporting AMC data. This study aims to estimate and analyze the overall AMC in Costa Rica for 2019.
Methods
Adhering to WHO methodology, the study employs the ATC/DDD system to analyze variables such as types of antimicrobials, Defined Daily Doses (DDD), and DDD/1000 inhabit-ants/day (DID).
Results
The investigation reveals a total AMC of 14.32 DID, with the public sector accounting for 12.75 DID and the private sector for 4.12 DID. Penicillin emerges as the most consumed group globally and in the public sector, while macrolides and lincosamides predominate in the private sector. According to the WHO-AWaRe classification, antibiotics predominantly consumed in the global and public sectors are categorized under Access, whereas the private sector predominates the Watch category.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study highlights the need for coordinated actions to reduce the irrational consumption of antimicrobials. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of the active participation of all sectors and regulatory authorities for the development and implementation of effective and multisectoral policies.
A Hybrid Model for Ultra-short-term PV Prediction Using SOM Clustering and ECA
Authors: Zhu Yixin , Wang Ziyao , Zhang Wei , Liu Yufan , Wu Hao
Published: June 2024

For the grid to operate safely and steadily and for PV electricity to be connected on a broad scale, the precision of the ultra-short-term PV power prediction is crucial. A combination model of ultra-short-term PV prediction based on an attention mechanism is proposed to increase the prediction accuracy of PV output power under various weather circumstances. First, using a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, important climatic variables that are closely associated with PV power generation are selected and normalized on a monthly basis. The Sky Condition Factor (SCF), a classification index, is then obtained by computing a weighted summation. This reduces the dimensionality of the input variables and eliminates seasonal influence on weather classification and the coupling interactions among various meteorological elements. Second, an unsupervised clustering of SCFs using a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network is used to classify three types of weather. After that, CNN prediction models are built for each of the three types of weather. The Efficient Channel Attention (ECA) module is then added, allowing the model to focus on key feature information and increase prediction accuracy by adaptively assigning phase weights to each of the multiple channels of feature information that the CNN has extracted. Lastly, the efficacy of the suggested prediction model is verified by simulations run on historical observed data, which demonstrate an improvement in the prediction model's accuracy under various weather conditions when compared to the model without the ECA module.
Systemic biological mechanisms underpin poor post-discharge growth among severely wasted children with HIV
Authors: Mudibo Evans , Bogaert Jasper , Tigoi Caroline , Ngari Moses , Singa Benson , Lancioni Christina , Diallo Abdoulaye ,   Emmie Mbale9, Mupere Ezekiel , Thitiri Johnstone , Mukisa John , Timbwa Molline , Omer Elisha , Ngao Narshion , Musyimi Robert , Kahindi Eunice , Bandsma Robert , Kelly Paul , Prendergast Andrew , McGrath Christine , Tickell Kirkby , Walson Judd , Berkley James , Njunge James , Gonzales Gerard
Published: June 2024

In sub-Saharan Africa, children with severe malnutrition (SM) and comorbid HIV (HIV-SM) have substantially worse outcomes than children with SM alone, facing higher mortality risk and impaired nutritional recovery post-hospitalisation. The underlying biological mechanisms underpinning this risk remain incompletely understood. This case-control study nested within the CHAIN cohort in Kenya, Uganda, Malawi and Burkina Faso examined proteomic signatures associated with HIV and their impact on post-discharge growth in severely wasted children. Using the SomaScan® assay, 7335 human plasma proteins were quantified. Linear mixed models identified HIV-associated biological processes and their associations with post-discharge growth. Using structural equation modelling, we examined directed paths explaining how HIV influences post-discharge growth. HIV was associated with increased complement activation and decreased insulin-like growth factor receptor signalling and bone mineralization. HIV indirectly affected post-discharge growth by influencing baseline anthropometry and also modulating bone mineralization, humoral immune responses and other processes. These findings suggest specific biological pathways linking HIV to poor growth, offering insights for targeted interventions in this vulnerable population.
Idiosyncratic nature of lactation reveals link to breast cancer risk.
Authors: Germain Doris , Chattopadhyay Mrittika , Jenkins Edmund , Janssen William , Mashaka Thelma
Published: June 2024

Breastfeeding protects against breast cancer in some women but not others, however the mechanism remains elusive. Lactation requires intense secretory activity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for the production of milk proteins and ER- mitochondria contacts for lipid synthesis. We show that in female mice that share the same nuclear genome (BL/6) but differ in mitochondrial genomes (C57 or NZB), the biological processes engaged during lactation are entirely different at the sub-cellular organization and transcriptional levels resulting in anti-tumorigenic lactation in BL/6C57 females and pro-tumorigenic lactation in BL/6NZB females. Single cell sequencing identified a sub-population of cells, uniquely amplified during lactation in BL/6NZB females, which shares the genetic signature that characterizes post-partum breast cancer (PPBC) in humans relative to matched breast cancers in never pregnant women. Our data indicate that differences in ER and mitochondrial-stress responses during lactation between genotypes inadvertently leads to loss of p53 tumor suppressor function in BL/6NZB females allowing the expansion of the PPBC-like sub-population of cells. Overall, our data reveals the unexpected idiosyncratic nature of lactation and its impacts on the risk of the development of PPBC.
Zwischen Wirklichkeitskonstruktion, Kommunikation und Kompetenz
Authors: Watolla Ann-Kathrin
Published: June 2024

Im aktuellen medienpädagogischen Diskurs stellen die Kompetenzanforderungen für eine digital geprägte Welt, nicht zuletzt durch die Strategie «Bildung in der digitalen Welt» der Kultusministerkonferenz (2017), ein zentrales Thema dar. Dabei tritt die ursprüngliche Verbindung zwischen Medienkompetenz und kommunikativer Kompetenz oftmals in den Hintergrund, obwohl beide untrennbar miteinander verwoben sind (Baacke 1996a). Dies ist auch darin begründet, dass Kommunikation und Medien in einer kontinuierlichen Wechselwirkung stehen. Kommunikation kann dabei auf den Ebenen der Informationsvermittlung, der Symbolhaftigkeit sowie der kommunikativen Konstruktion von Wirklichkeit betrachtet werden. Um die Verbindung von Medienkompetenz und kommunikativer Kompetenz im aktuellen Kompetenzdiskurs sichtbar zu machen, bedarf es daher einer näheren Betrachtung, inwiefern kommunikative Kompetenz in medienbezogenen Kompetenzmodellen Einzug erhält. Ausgehend von den Rollen, die Medien in Kommunikationsprozessen einnehmen können, werden daher im Rahmen einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse (Kuckartz 2018) aktuelle Kompetenzmodelle und -rahmen hinsichtlich ihres zugrundeliegenden Kommunikationsverständnisses untersucht. Dies soll als Basis für den Rückbezug auf die Verbindung zwischen Medienkompetenz und kommunikativer Kompetenz dienen.
Dynamic hysteresis across a dissipative multi-mode phase transition
Authors: Röhrle Marvin , Benary Jens , Bernhart Erik , Ott Herwig
Published: June 2024

Dissipative phase transitions are characteristic features in open quantum systems. Key signatures are the dynamical switching between different states in the vicinity of the phase transition and the appearance of hysteresis. Here, we experimentally study dynamic sweeps across a first order dissipative phase transition in a multi-mode driven-dissipative system. In contrast to previous studies, we perform sweeps of the dissipation strength instead of the driving strength. We extract exponents for the scaling of the hysteresis area in dependence of the sweep time and study the g^{(2)}(0)g(2)(0) correlations, which show non-trivial behavior. By changing the temperature of the system we investigate the importance of coherently pumping the system. We compare our results to numerical calculations done for a single mode variant of the system, and find surprisingly good agreement. Furthermore, we identify and discuss the differences between a scan of the dissipation strength and a scan of the driving strength.
Biçimsözdizim-Sesbilim Arakesitinde Dolaysız Gönderim Yaklaşımı
Authors: Börtlü Göktuğ
Published: June 2024

Biçimsözdizim ve sesbilimin kurduğu iletişimle ilgili günümüze kadar birçok kuram ortaya atılmıştır. Bütün arakesit kuramları arasında günümüze kadar egemenliğini koruyan Bürünsel Sesbilim, sesbilimsel olarak anlamlı olmayan sesbilimsel sözcük, sesbilimsel öbek, ezgi öbeği vb. kurucuların, gereksinim duyulmasa da çevrilmesini savunmaktadır. Buradaki ilk temel sorun, “yalnızca sesbilimsel sözcüğün içerisinde” gibi kurallar ya da kısıtlamalar olmadan bu kurucuların sesbilim üzerinde hiçbir etkisinin olmamasıdır. Yalnızca sesbilimsel olarak anlamlı olan biçimsözdizimsel bilgi arakesitin çıktısı olabilmektedir. Ayrıca bu kurucular, sesbilim modülünde bulunmayan ayırıcı imlerdir. Arakesitin çıktısı, sesbilimin sözvarlığı olan birimler olmalıdır. Dolaysız Arakesit, Bürünsel Sesbilimin tersine, başka sesbilim kuramlarıyla birlikte çalışabilecek bir yaklaşımdır. Başka yaklaşımlarda SPE tarzı ayırıcı imler (# ve +) ya da Bürünsel Aşamalanma ulamları (ω, Φ ve ι) kullanılırken Dolaysız Arakesitte ayırıcı imler bulunmamaktadır. Dolaysız Arakesite göre, hangi sesbilim kuramı olursa olsun o sesbilim kuramının sesbilimsel sözvarlığı, biçimsözdizimsel bilgiyi taşımaktadır. Seçilen sesbilim kuramına bağlı olarak bu taşıyıcılar çatısal alan, mora ya da ZÜ olabilir.
Cheng Kardeşlerde Muhtelif Öğrenme Yöntemleri
Authors: Sertdemir İlknur
Published: June 2024

Bilgeliği erdemliliğe bütünleyen kural koyucu ahlak öğretisi, antik Çin’in kaotik ortamında Konfuçyüs’ün 孔子 (MÖ 551-479) düzene yeniden dönüş idealiyle organize edilen bir ekoldür. Göğün buyruğu ve kozmosun işleyişine riayet adına insanları bireysel ve toplumsal görevlere zorlayan bu öğreti, sonraki filozofların öznel yorumlarıyla farklı bir metodolojiye evrilir. Milattan sonra sekizinci yüzyılda, metafiziksel görüngülerin etiksel edim ve eylemlerle karşılıklı etkileşimini temel alan Neo-Konfuçyanizm hareketinin başlamasıyla birlikte göğe, yere ve doğaya yüklenen anlam yelpazesi genişler. Bu düşünce hareketinin en parlak yılları kabulündeki Song hanedanı 宋朝(960-1279) dönemine gelindiğinde bizleri, bilginin ve erdemin kaynağına ilişkin iki filozof kardeş arasında yaşanan fikir ayrılığı karşılar. Cheng Hao程颢(1032-1085), insan doğasının iyiliğinden hareketle sezgisel öğrenmeye odaklanırken Cheng Yi 程颐 (1033-1107), iyiliğin kazanımını mantığa ve tecrübeye dayandıran deneyimsel öğrenmeye odaklanır. Böylece kişisel gelişimin psikolojik unsurlarla açıklandığı idealist-rasyonalist zıtlaşması vuku bulur. Bu çalışma, insan doğasının bilgi ve erdemine dair iki kardeşin birbirine muhalif görüşlerindeki asıl sebebi, modern psikolojideki önermeler referans alınarak öğrenme yöntemlerindeki farklılık açısından saptama çabasındadır.
Arkeolojik Kaynaklar ve Tarihsel Veriler Işığında Kafa Kesme Uygulamaları ve Yorumlanması
Authors: Özbilen Serdar
Published: June 2024

Dekapitasyon, başın vücuttan kasıtlı veya kazara ayrılmasını ifade eder. Vücuda eklendiğinde, kafa, toplumda muhtemelen birçok rol ve kimliğe sahip olan bir birey olarak kolayca tanınabilir. Başın kesilmesi, sembolik bir alana geçiş şeklinde pek çok açıdan karmaşık bir olgudur. Başın vücuttan ayrılması, bir anlamda insan formunun bu kısmı için yeni bir yaşam oluşturur. Bu nedenle baş kesme uygulamalarının tarih öncesinden başlayarak tarih boyunca var olduğunu ve buna dair yüklenilen anlamların toplumdan topluma değiştiğini görebilmekteyiz. Bağlı bulunan mekân ve coğrafyaya göre değişkenlik arz eden peri-mortem (ölüm öncesi) ve post-mortem (ölüm sonrası) uygulamaların nasıl yorumlanması gerektiği şeklindeki soruları yanıtlamak gerçekten de zordur. Özellikle bedenden ayrıştırılmış tarih öncesi kafataslarını tarihi devir örneklerine göre yorumlamak çok daha zordur. Sadece arkeolojik veriler ışığında, "kafatası kültü" olarak adlandırılan şey içinde, neyin cenaze ve neyin ganimet olduğunu ayırt etmek imkânsızdır. Bu nedenle arkeolojinin disiplinler arası metot ile antropoloji, biyo-arkeoloji ve etnografya gibi bilim dallarıyla iş birliği halinde olması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, arkeolojik kaynaklar ve tarihsel veriler ışığında hem tarih öncesi hem de tarihi devirlerden günümüze kadar bedensiz kafalar hakkında mevcut kanıtların bir araştırmasını, hem de bu kültürlerde kafa kesmenin ve böylece insan formunun bütünlüğünü bozmanın ne anlama geldiğine dair tartışmaları sunmaktadır.
Balıkesir Konakpınar İlkokulu ve Ortaokulu Binaları
Authors: Yavuzyılmaz Ahmet , Kolay Emre
Published: June 2024

Tanzimat’ın ilanı (1839) sonrası değişmeye başlayan devlet yönetim biçimi, dönemin eğitim-öğretim alanına da yansımıştır. Bu süreçte önce hukuki olarak birtakım adımlar atılmış, ardından yeni okul tipleri ile yeni okul binalarının inşası gündeme gelmiştir. Böylelikle farklı yapı tiplerinden meydana gelen eğitim yapıları dönemin kamu yapıları arasında yerini almıştır. Okul binalarının inşa süreci Osmanlı’nın son yıllarında devam etmekle birlikte Cumhuriyet döneminde yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Eğitim kadrolarının ve fiziki mekânlarının önemli sorun olduğu Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında öncelikle öğretmen yetiştiren kurumların kurulmasına ve aynı zamanda Anadolu’nun pek çok noktasına eğitim yapılarının inşa edilmesine gayret gösterilmiştir. Bu bağlamda pek çok il, ilçe ve kasabaya farklı plan tipi ve malzeme ile farklı kütle özelliklerine sahip eğitim yapılarının inşa edildiği görülmektedir. Türkiye’deki eğitim tarihinin kırılma noktasını oluşturan bu dönemde inşa edilmiş fakat inşa tarihi kesin olarak bilinmeyen iki eğitim yapısı bu çalışmanın ana temasını oluşturmaktadır. Balıkesir’in Konakpınar Mahallesinde inşa edilen bu iki yapı mimari özellikleri ile irdelenmiş, yerleşim alanının iskân tarihi göz önüne alınmış ve böylelikle bir tarihlendirmeye gidilmiştir. Ayrıca plan, cephe ve malzeme özellikleri ele alınarak dönemin mimari eğilimleri içerisinde karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Esnafların Gözünden Delilerin Mekân Aidiyeti
Authors: Akçakaya Merve Sultan
Published: June 2024

Bu çalışma, delilik olgusunu konu edinmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı, delilerin bazı mekânlarda daha fazla görünür olmasının temel sebeplerini açığa çıkarmaktır. Konya Bedesten çarşısında yer alan Kapu Camii ve Aziziye Camilerinin etrafından neredeyse hiç ayrılmayan deliler vardır. Onların bu mekâna neden bu kadar sık geldikleri araştırma sorusunu oluşturmuştur. Söz konusu soruya dayalı olarak daha önce herhangi bir bilimsel çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu durum araştırmanın özgün tarafı olarak sunulabilir. Araştırma delilik fenomeninin temelde kültürel bir inşa olduğunu; zamana, mekâna ve bağlama göre farklılık arz ettiğini iddia etmektedir. Nitekim bu araştırmanın yapıldığı mekânlarda delilik olgusuna atfedilen anlamların sosyal, kültürel ve dini değerlerden bağımsız olmadığı görülmüştür. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemine uygun bir şekilde tasarlanmıştır ve araştırmada kullanılan veri toplama tekniği mülakattır. Mülakatlar, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi, Kapu Camii ve Aziziye Camilerinin etrafında bulunan esnaflar arasından seçilmiştir. Bu noktada, toplamda 20 esnafla derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılardan elde edilen veriler, iki ana tema ve 9 alt tema altında kodlanmış ve içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak delilerin Kapu ve Aziziye Camilerinin etrafında çok sık bulunmasını, esnafın onlara karşı geliştirdiği olumlu davranışlarla açıklamak mümkündür. Esnafın delilere ilişkin tutumunu belirleyen temel motivasyonların daha çok dini ve kültürel değerler olduğu saptanmıştır.
Diferencias de género en estudios experimentales de distribución de recursos con participación de niños
Authors: Angarita Cáceres Rafael Gonzalo
Published: June 2024

El artículo se encarga de mostrar que los trabajos experimentales que tienen por objeto examinar principios de justicia distributiva en niños pueden ser leídos desde su relación con la variable demográfica género. Al efectuar esta lectura crítica desde una revisión temática se hace posible observar que los estudios, en términos generales, muestran hallazgos en tres direcciones: inexistencia de diferencias de género; diferencias no significativas y diferencias significativas. Estos resultados, sin embargo, se hallan directamente relacionados tanto con las edades de los participantes como con especificidades metodológicas de la experimentación. Con el objeto de dar cuenta de estos aspectos, el texto se ha dividido en tres partes: estudios de primera persona, trabajos de tercera persona y comparaciones culturales.
Desarrollo e instituciones en la década de los sesentas: reflexiones sobre los discursos del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo en la cumbre de Bogotá (abril de 1968)
Authors: Caballero Pérez Adriana , Guzmán Rincón Andrés Mauricio , Meneses Quintana Orlando , Carvajal Martínez Jorge Enrique
Published: June 2024

El presente artículo indaga sobre los fundamentos y las características del discurso de desarrollo acuñado por el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo a finales de la década de los sesenta del siglo pasado en América Latina. La perspectiva histórica que abordó, permitió comprender cómo desde la celebración del encuentro de gobernadores en Bogotá en 1969, el Banco adelantó una acción estratégica en la región basada en reformas institucionales y vinculadas con las agendas gubernamentales alineadas con las políticas de seguridad provenientes de Washington durante la guerra fría
Huerta urbana comunitaria, más que lechugas entre cemento. Producción social de territorios saludables
Authors: Martinez Toro Pedro Martín , Betancurth Loaiza Diana Paola , Velásquez Arias Milton
Published: June 2024

Lo urbano no es incompatible con la agricultura, incluso mejora aspectos como la seguridad alimentaria, el amor hacia el territorio y la vida cotidiana, lo que refleja esperanza en la producción de una ciudad saludable. El artículo da cuenta de las reflexiones en torno al estudio de caso, el proceso de implementación del proyecto Huerta urbana comunitaria (HUC) de Villa Juanita del programa Buen Vivir en el Municipio de Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia.
Hacia una consulta previa campesina: elementos para el debate desde el régimen de certificación de semillas en Colombia
Authors: Vargas-Chaves Iván , Valencia-Jiménez Walter , Cumbe-Figueroa Alexandra
Published: June 2024

En Colombia se ha tratado imponer una restricción a los métodos tradicionales de resiembra, medida que atenta contra la soberanía alimentaria y los conocimientos tradicionales de pueblos indígenas y especialmente de las comunidades campesinas. A través de un ejercicio reflexivo y de un razonamiento inductivo es abordada esta problemática para proponer, a manera de resultado, unos lineamientos para lograr que a través de la consulta previa se involucren a los campesinos y se garanticen los derechos vulnerados.
Puntos de intersección entre la ética aplicada y los derechos humanos: igualdad y no discriminación
Authors: Ruiz Canizales Raúl
Published: June 2024

El objetivo del presente artículo es describir cómo y por qué el imperativo de respetar los derechos de los demás, particularmente el derecho a la igualdad y a la no discriminación puede también explicarse a través de los conceptos de ética de máximos y ética de mínimos, propios de la ética aplicada. Mediante una revisión crítica se disecciona el derecho de igualdad, así como el derecho a la no discriminación para delimitar sus alcances en lo jurídico una vez adoptados como principios de justicia y no meramente como virtudes, en la medida en que con ellos se habla o implican una relación con el otro.
El lugar de la voz en el diagnóstico del Trastorno del Espectro Autista
Authors: Villalobos Valencia María Eugenia , Pacca Laura , Florez Rivera Yessica Marcela , Sánchez Fernandez Natalia
Published: June 2024

El propósito de este artículo es compartir la discusión sobre el papel fundamental de los elementos constitutivos de la voz en los procesos de diagnóstico y propuestas terapéuticas relacionadas con el TEA. Elementos encontrados en el estudio “Desarrollo de protocolo clínico para el diagnóstico temprano del autismo” (Villalobos y Pacca, 2020). Los casos, Vera y Saul, se retoman para ilustrar el lugar que tiene la voz y la palabra en el desarrollo intersubjetivo. A partir de estos casos se evidencian los alcances y limitaciones que tienen algunas pruebas para el diagnóstico del TEA al momento de evaluar indicadores comunicativos. Dado que la voz y la palabra llevan la impronta de la subjetividad de cada persona, considerar su análisis se hace relevante en el diagnóstico comprensivo de TEA, pues complementa la observación diagnóstica propuesta desde las principales pruebas mundialmente reconocidas para esta problemática del desarrollo, como por ejemplo ADOS-2.
Decepción, fatalismo y esperanza: oposiciones emocionales y polarización en torno a la paz negociada en 9 ciudades de Colombia
Authors: Villa Gómez Juan David , Insuasty Rodríguez Alfonso , Clavijo Díaz Sara
Published: June 2024

Las Orientaciones Emocionales Colectivas en relación con el proceso de paz entre el Estado colombiano y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, Ejército del Pueblo (FARC-EP) evidencian emocionales que configuran oposiciones y polarización, según los participantes estén o no de acuerdo con el proceso de paz. Durante la negociación los participantes ‘de acuerdo’, manifestaban esperanza, tranquilidad y alivio, mientras aquéllos ‘en desacuerdo’, desconfianza e indignación.  Después del plebiscito los primeros, tristeza, decepción y frustración, mientras los segundos alegría y celebración. Finalmente, durante la implementación, los primeros expresan desconfianza, temor e incertidumbre, mientras los segundos indignación.  Estas disposiciones emocionales movilizan creencias, actitudes hacia la polarización, obturando diálogos y debates democráticos; constituyendo un clima emocional de fatalismo y resignación como barrera psicosocial para la construcción de paz y reconciliación.
Movimientos sociales, narrativas y emociones. El caso de lideresas comunitarias afrodescendientes en el departamento del Chocó (Colombia)
Authors: Soler Castillo Sandra
Published: June 2024

Las emociones favorecen las movilizaciones, pero también las dificultan y que la narración constituye un enfoque privilegiado para entender las dinámicas de los movimientos sociales y sus integrantes. Desde un enfoque narrativo, se describe el entorno sociocultural que da lugar al nacimiento y participación de mujeres en movimientos de reivindicaciones de género y acciones de emprendimiento colaborativo e identifica y se analiza emociones negativas y positivas, aisladas y secuenciales, que movilizan la acción y generan solidaridades, como la ira, la impotencia y la tristeza o el orgullo y la alegría en lideresas comunitarias afrodescendientes en el departamento del Chocó (Colombia).
Escuela y despojo: la situación de la escuela rural en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia
Authors: Blandón Giraldo Alba Mery , Castellano Ascencio Milton Daniel
Published: June 2024

Las principales posturas teóricas que han abordado la situación de la escuela rural en el marco del conflicto armado en Colombia presenten comprensiones homogéneas sobre la escuela rural que refuerzan una idea precaria de esta y justifican su abordaje desde lógicas asistencialistas. De esta forma, la escuela como institución social, no puede desligarse de su realidad concreta; por lo tanto, se asume como escenario que vivió el conflicto armado, pero a la vez como espacio donde se hace una apuesta por la reconstrucción del tejido social, por lo tanto, se reconocen en ellas las dinámicas implementadas para abordar el tema del conflicto desde los procesos pedagógicos.
Dialéctica del estallido social en Colombia 2021: ecosistema de la contienda política-económica inherente Al capitalismoimperialismo (Tercera parte: actores 2)
Authors: Lince Bohórquez Wilmar
Published: June 2024

El estallido social 2021 devenido del paro del 28 de abril, el gran paro de la historia reciente de este país fue una lucha predominantemente espontánea, organizada en el día y a día, pero sin un plan, una estrategia, una vanguardia científica-política y unas metas plenamente articuladas. Es decir, si se busca transformar desde sus raíces una sociedad, un país, que opera con arreglo a la opresión y la explotación, la capacidad combativa de su pueblo es condición necesaria pero insuficiente. La fuerza combativa de las masas como lo que se manifestó durante el estallido social, debe orientarse más allá de las reivindicaciones puntuales, algunas de las cuales se resuelven con reformas de tipo liberal.
Reforma constitucional en Colombia Entre la guerra y la defensa
Authors: Valencia Grajales José Fernando , Marín Galeano Mayda Soraya
Published: June 2024

A partir de 1991 se creó una nueva constitución que incluyera a todos los actores políticos además de los que tradicionalmente estaban excluidos en la constitución de 1886, con la esperanza de dar final a los conflictos armados, los paros e inconformidades ciudadanas. Estas manifestaciones ciudadanas fueron capitalizadas por los estudiantes en la séptima papeleta que impulsó se convocara dicha constituyente. Luego de promulgada la nueva constitución de 1991 se inició una cascada de reformas que evidenciaron una constante disputa por el poder de las elites, grupos emergentes legales e ilegales, y la población que comenzó a sentirse partícipe del poder. Pero ¿cuál fue la finalidad de dichos cambios constitucionales?