bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deficiency of cysteinyl cathepsin K suppresses the development of experimental intimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress
Authors: Meng Xiangkun , Piao Limei , Wang Hailong , Inoue Aiko , Huang Zhe , Jiang Haiying , Nakamura Kae , Sasaki Takeshi , Li Xiang , Xu Wenhu , Yu Chenglin , Hu Lina , Wu Hongxian , Murohara Toyoaki , Shi Guo-Ping , Kuzuya Masafumi , Cheng Xian Wu
Published: March 2020

Background:

Chronic psychological stress (CPS) is linked to cardiovascular disease initiation and progression. Given that cysteinyl cathepsin K (CatK) participates in vascular remodeling and atherosclerotic plaque growth in several animal models, we investigated the role of CatK in the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia in response to chronic stress.

Methods and results:

At first, male wild-type (CatK+/+) mice that underwent carotid ligation injury were subjected to chronic immobilization stress. On postoperative and stressed day 14, the results demonstrated that stress accelerated injury-induced neointima hyperplasia. On day 4, stressed mice showed following: increased levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, gp91phox, toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2), TLR4, and CatK mRNAs or/and proteins, oxidative stress production, aorta-derived smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration, and macrophage infiltration as well as targeted intracellular proliferating-related molecules. Stressed mice showed increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 mRNA expressions and activities and elastin disruption in the injured carotid arteries. Second, CatK+/+ and CatK deficiency (CatK−/−) mice received ligation injury and stress to explore the role of CatK. The stress-induced harmful changes were prevented by CatK−/−. Finally, CatK+/+ mice that had undergone ligation surgery were randomly assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or CatK inhibitor for 14 days. Pharmacological CatK intervention produced a vascular benefit.

Conclusion:

These data indicate that CatK deletion protects against the development of experimental neointimal hyperplasia via the attenuation of inflammatory overaction, oxidative stress production, and VSMC proliferation, suggesting that CatK is a novel therapeutic target for the management of CPS-related restenosis after intravascular intervention therapies.
Shedding of soluble glycoprotein VI is neither affected by animal-derived antibeta-2-glycoprotein 1 antibodies nor IgG fractions from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ho Yik C. , Ahuja Kiran D.K. , Andrews Robert K. , Adams Murray J.
Published: March 2020

Antibeta-2-glycoprotein 1 (antiβ2GP1) antibodies are associated with increased risk of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The specific effect(s) of antiβ2GP1 antibodies on platelets are unclear. Platelet activation in response to antiplatelet antibodies has been shown to induce shedding of the ectodomain of the platelet collagen receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), releasing soluble GPVI (sGPVI). The aim of this study was to therefore determine whether antiβ2GP1 antibodies, and/or purified IgG fractions, from patients with SLE shed sGPVI from platelets. We determined sGPVI levels in platelet poor plasma from SLE patients with/without antiβ2GP1 antibodies (n = 37), as well as in platelet-rich plasma from healthy donors treated with either SLE-derived IgG fractions containing antiβ2GP1, animal-derived antiβ2GP1, or isotype control antibodies. Levels of sGPVI were higher in three SLE-derived platelet poor plasma with antiβ2GP1 antibodies (103.52 ± 12.32 ng/ml) compared with those without (28.11 ± 12.73 ng/ml). Neither SLE-derived IgG fractions containing antiβ2GP1 antibodies, nor animal-derived antiβ2GP1 antibodies induced significant shedding of sGPVI from healthy donor platelets compared with isotype controls. These results suggest that antiβ2GP1 antibodies do not affect shedding of sGPVI, and therefore collagen-mediated platelet signalling pathways. The shedding activity in SLE patients may be due to factors other than antiβ2GP1 antibodies, for example, metalloproteinases.
Fertility considerations in transgender patients
Authors: Wang Betty , Hengel Ross , Ren Runhan , Tong Steven , Bach Phil Vu
Published: March 2020

Purpose of review

An update on the latest advances in fertility preservation for transgender women, with an emphasis on the attitudes, access, and techniques.

Recent findings

With recent warming in perception toward transgendered individuals, fertility preservation services are becoming increasingly available. Although new multidisciplinary transgender clinics are appearing in North America, a 2018 report shows a referral rate for fertility preservation of only 13.5%. Despite interest in child rearing, uptake of fertility preservation is still low as patients are transitioning at increasingly younger ages. Sperm cryopreservation, ideally prior to hormonal therapy, continues to be the mainstay of fertility preservation in transwomen. It is used in conjunction with other assisted reproductive technologies such as intrauterine insemination or in-vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection depending on the quantity of sperm available. Recent research reporting successful autologous grafting of cryopreserved prepubertal testis leading to sperm production and offspring in macaques show great promise in the context of fertility preservation in prepubertal patients.

Despite the increasing accessibility of fertility preservation, referral rates and usage continue to be low, suggesting that barriers are still in place for these individuals. Clinicians must continue to counsel patients regarding the process of fertility preservation and advocate for reduction of financial and infrastructural barriers.
Relationships Between Somatic Symptoms and Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum Among Frequent Attenders of the General Practice in Italy
Authors: Carmassi Claudia , Dell'Oste Valerio , Cordone Annalisa , Pedrinelli Virginia , Cappelli Andrea , Ceresoli Diana , Massimetti Gabriele , Nisita Cristiana , Dell'Osso Liliana
Published: March 2020

Frequent attenders (FAs) of general practitioners (GPs) often complain of nonspecific physical symptoms that are difficult to define according to typical medical syndromes criteria but could be acknowledged as atypical manifestations of mental disorders. We investigated the possible correlation between somatic symptoms and panic-agoraphobic spectrum symptoms in a sample of 75 FAs of GPs in Italy, with particular attention to the impact on functional impairment. Assessments included the Patient Health Questionnaire, Panic-Agoraphobic Spectrum–Self-Report (PAS-SR) lifetime version, Global Assessment of Functioning, and Clinical Global Impression. The PAS-SR total and domains scores were significantly higher among low-functioning FAs, especially anxious somatizations, hypochondriasis, anxious expectation, and reassurance orientation domains, suggesting this undetected symptom may determine the selective attention to the physical symptoms, illness-phobic/hypochondriac elaboration, and GP frequent attendance, often aimed at searching for reassurance, leading to severe impact on overall functioning and often inefficacious treatments.
Estimation of Age Using Third Molar Development
Authors: Ashifa Nisha , Parakh Mayank Kumar , Ulaganambi Shriraam
Published: March 2020

Objectives

This study was carried out to correlate chronological age of the patients with dental age using to Demirjian's method and to evaluate if orthopantamogram examination of third molar development correlates with age estimation.

Study Design

The study was designed as a radiological cross sectional study. Simple random sampling method was used to obtain study subjects.

Methods

Total of 231 patients between the age group of 10 to 25 years, visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology were selected. The digital orthopantomogram was obtained for these patients.

Results

Our data showed that, in the maxilla, the stages of tooth developments A to E were reached earlier in men than in women, whereas stages F to H were reached earlier in women than men. In mandible stages B, C, E to F were reached earlier in men than women, whereas stages A and D were reached earlier by the female counterparts. There was a statistically significant difference noted between right and left third molar teeth in all the stages of tooth development.

Conclusions

Our study showed that between the sexes in maxilla, men reached stages A to E earlier than women, whereas for stages F to H, women reached the stage earlier than men. For mandible, all stages except stage D were reached earlier by male subjects than female subjects. Our study showed that the third molar development can be affected positively by the chronological age of the patient, being developed either in maxilla or mandible, right or left side.
Impact of Loneliness on Brain Health and Quality of Life Among Adults Living With HIV in Canada
Authors: Harris Marianne , Brouillette Marie-Josée , Scott Susan C. , Smaill Fiona , Smith Graham , Thomas Réjean , Fellows Lesley K. , Mayo Nancy E.
Published: March 2020

Background:

People aging with HIV are at risk for loneliness, with stigmatization and economic marginalization added to the health challenges arising from chronic infection. This study provides evidence for the extent, contributors, and consequences of loneliness in people living with HIV, focusing on brain health and quality of life.

Setting:

Cross-sectional data from 856 middle-aged and older adults living with HIV recruited from 5 urban specialty clinics in Canada were drawn from the inaugural visit of the Positive Brain Health Now cohort study.

Methods:

Participants completed an extensive assessment of biopsychosocial variables. The prevalence, severity, and quality of life impact of self-reported loneliness were described. Clinical and environmental factors hypothesized as contributing to loneliness, and the consequences of loneliness on health and function were identified using logistic, ordinal, and linear regression.

Results:

Eighteen percent reported being “quite often” and 46% “sometimes” lonely. Those with more loneliness were younger, less mobile, suffered more financial hardship, and were more likely to use opioids. HIV symptoms, pain, fatigue, low motivation, stigma, and unemployment were related to loneliness. Loneliness increased the odds of cognitive impairment, low mood, stress, and poor physical health. Those who were “quite often” lonely were over 4 times more likely to report poor or very poor quality of life than those who were “almost never” lonely.

Conclusion:

Loneliness is common in middle-aged and older people living with HIV in Canada. Many of the associated factors are modifiable, offering novel targets for improving brain health, general health, and quality of life in HIV.
Creation of a Rat Lower Limb Lymphedema Model
Authors: Harb Amro A. , Levi Maxwell A. , Corvi John J. , Nicolas Celine F. , Zheng YuanDian , Chaudhary Kunal R. , Akelina Yelena , Connolly Eileen P. , Ascherman Jeffrey A.
Published: March 2020

Background

Lymphedema is a frequent complication after surgical treatments of cancer involving lymph node resection. However, research of lymphedema treatments, such as vascularized lymph node transfer, is limited by the absence of an adequate lymphedema animal model. The purpose of this study was to determine if we could create sustainable lower limb lymphedema in the rat with a combination of inguinal lymphadenectomy, circumferential skin and subcutaneous tissue excision, and radiotherapy.

Methods

Inguinal lymphadenectomies were completed in 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. In cohort A, 5 rats received a 0.5- to 1.0-cm wide excision of proximal thigh skin and subcutaneous tissue. This step was omitted for the 10 rats in cohort B. Cohort A then received a single radiation dose of 22.7 Gy, whereas cohort B received a cumulative dose of 40.5 Gy. Bioimpedance measurements were obtained monthly to assess lymphedema progression, and lymphatic drainage at 6 months postradiation was visualized via indocyanine green (ICG) lymphangiography.

Results

Two rats in cohort A developed visually appreciable lymphedema in the lower limb, with bioimpedance ratios of 0.684 and 0.542 and ankle circumference ratios of 1.294 and 1.061, respectively, consistent with lymphedema. Furthermore, ICG lymphangiography in these cohort A rats revealed impaired lower limb lymphatic drainage. In cohort B, however, bioimpedance and circumference ratios, and ICG lymphangiography, did not reveal abnormal lymphatic drainage.

Conclusions

The combination of inguinal lymphadenectomy, circumferential skin and subcutaneous tissue excision, and radiotherapy can successfully create lower limb lymphedema in the rat. When soft tissue excision is omitted, lymphedema does not develop.
Efficacy of Fibrin Sealants in Preventing Seroma Formation in Reduction Mammaplasty
Authors: Marquez Jocellie E. , Kapadia Kailash , Ghosh Kanad , Silvestri Brittni , Singh Gurtej , Huston Tara L.
Published: March 2020

Background

Fibrin sealant is a controversial method for reducing seroma formation. It is comprised of human proclotting factors, fibrinogen and thrombin. Fibrin sealants have been extensively studied for their efficacy in reducing the rates of seroma by sealing the dead space; however, in most studies, the sealants are used with surgical drains. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, fibrin sealant carries the risk of life-threatening thromboembolic complications, gas emboli, and transmission of infectious agents. Despite these concerns, many plastic surgeons use such products in ambulatory surgeries even though its effect on seroma formation has yet to be elucidated. The aim of our study is to determine the efficacy of fibrin sealants in seroma prevention in reduction mammoplasty with and without surgical drains.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of all bilateral reduction mammaplasty by a single-surgeon from 2014 to 2018. Patients had at least 90 days postoperative follow-up. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients younger than 18 years, had prior breast surgery, or had an incidental cancer diagnosis in breast reduction tissue specimen.

Results

On analysis, 159 patients met inclusion criteria and were categorized into group 1, with fibrin sealant (n = 101) and group 2, no fibrin sealant (n = 58). There were no statistical differences in patient demographics. There was no significant difference in the incidence of seroma between group 1 and group 2 (21% vs 19%, P = 0.782). Group 1 incidence of seroma was further analyzed by sealant type: Tisseal, Floseal, and Evicel (12% vs 27% vs 23%, P = 0.436). In group 1, the use of sealant alone was more likely to result in seroma formation when compared with the combination of sealant and surgical drains (25% vs 8%, P = 0.069).

Conclusions

There is no difference in rate of seroma formation with the use of fibrin sealants in reduction mammaplasty. The use of fibrin sealants without surgical drains may increase the rate of seromas. Plastic surgeons could consider weighing the risk versus benefits in using fibrin sealants with or without drains in ambulatory surgeries.
The Incidence of Post-Electroconvulsive Therapy Headache
Authors: Mulder Laura Aleida Christina , Grootens Koen Pieter
Published: March 2020

Headache is a common side effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), but reports on its incidence vary widely. A broad array of treatment regimens have been proposed in the literature. The pathophysiology of post-ECT headache is unclear but a vascular origin has been suggested. A systematic literature search was executed in PubMed and Embase to identify relevant articles. Articles were screened on title, abstract, and full text according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study characteristics and results concerning the incidence of post-ECT headache were extracted, and a weighted mean incidence was calculated. Forty-seven relevant articles were found, of which 36 reported on the incidence of post-ECT headache in patients and 9 on the incidence in sessions. The incidence of post-ECT headache varied greatly in the literature. The weighted mean incidence in patients was 32.8%, as 786 of a total population of 2399 patients experienced headache. The weighted mean incidence in sessions was between 9.4% (246 of 2604 sessions) and 12.1% (236/1958 sessions). The variation in incidences of post-ECT headache found might be due to different methods of measuring headache, different study designs, and different drugs used for anesthesia. The mean-weighted incidence of post-ECT headache in patients was 32.8% and in sessions between 9.4% and 12.1%.
Zygotorulaspora cariocana sp. nov., a yeast species isolated from tree bark in Brazil
Authors: Moreira Juliana D. , Santos Ana Raquel O. , Oliveira Fernanda L. C. , Cadete Raquel M. , Freire Ana Luiza , Morais Paula B. , Lachance Marc-André , Rosa Carlos A.
Published: March 2020

Six strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from tree bark collected in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon Rainforest in Brazil. Analyses of the sequences of D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNA gene showed that the strains belong to a species in the genus Zygotorulaspora. The species differed by 5.54 % sequence divergence (25 substitutions and five indels out of 542 bp) in the D1/D2 sequences from Zygotorulaspora mrakii, its closest relative. The ITS sequence of the type strain of the novel species differs by 27–69 nucleotide substitutions/indels from the other Zygotorulaspora species. The novel species is able to grow on trehalose, maltose, l-sorbose, inulin and at 37 °C, which are negative in Z. mrakii. The name Zygotorulaspora cariocana sp. nov. is proposed. The holotype of Z. cariocana sp. nov. is CBS 16118T. The MycoBank number is MB 833702.
Methylobacterium nonmethylotrophicum sp. nov., isolated from tungsten mine tailing
Authors: Feng Guang-Da , Chen Wendi , Zhang Xian-Jiao , Zhang Jun , Wang Sheng-Nan , Zhu Honghui
Published: March 2020

A novel pink-pigmented strain, designated 6HR-1T, was isolated from tungsten mine tailings in Jiangxi Province, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped and motile with a polar flagellum (monotrichous). It could not utilize methanol, methylamine, formaldehyde or formate as a sole carbon source. The methanol dehydrogenasemxaFgene was absent but thexoxFgene was present. Phylogenomic and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses clearly showed that strain 6HR-1Twas affiliated to the genusMethylobacteriumand closely related to ‘Methylobacterium terrae’ 17Sr1-28T(98.6 %),Methylobacterium plataniJCM 14648T(97.7 %),Methylobacterium variabileDSM 16961T(97.7 %) andMethylobacterium currusKACC 19662T(97.4 %). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain 6HR-1Tand its closely related type species were 87.4–88.7 and 33.2–36.3 %, respectively. It had summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7cand/or C18 : 1ω6c) as the major fatty acid and ubiquinone 10 as the predominant respiratory quinone. Polyphasic characterization supported that strain 6HR-1Trepresents a novel species of the genusMethylobacterium, for which the nameMethylobacterium nonmethylotrophicumsp. nov. is proposed with the type strain 6HR-1T(=GDMCC 1.662T=KCTC 42760T).
Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of immature fruits of Malus pumila cv. Fuji
Authors: Kwon O Jun
Published: March 2020

In this study, the antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of aqueous ethanolic extract from the immature fruits of Malus pumila cv. Fuji were evaluated. The antioxidant capacities of the extract was investigated employing radical scavenging assays using DPPH and ABTS+ radicals. The skin-whitening effect of M. pumila cv. Fuji extract was tested using mushroom tyrosinase assay. In addition, the total phenolic content was measured by a spectrophotometric analysis. All tested samples showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging and tyrosinase inhibitory activities. Among the tested samples, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the immature fruits of M. pumila cv. Fuji was showed the significant DPPH and ABTS+ radicals scavenging activities. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from immature apples was higher than other solvent-soluble portion. These results suggest that unripe fruits of M. pumila cv. Fuji could be considered as a new valuable source of natural antioxidant and skin-whitening agents. Systematic investigation of immature fruits of Malus pumila cv. Fuji will be performed for the further development of its biological properties.
Development of pallet-scale modified atmosphere packaging for ‘Tabor’tomatoes
Authors: Park Jong Woo , Kim Jinse , Park Seok Ho , Choi Dong Soo , Choi Seung Ryul , Kim Yong Hoon , Lee Soo Jang , Park Chun Wan , Lee Jung Soo
Published: March 2020

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of modified-atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality change of “Tabor” tomatoes during long-term exportation periods. Hydroponics tomatoes were harvested at the turning stage, sorted, and box packed and then packaged in nylon film with a pallet. The packaged pallet was filled with a gas composition (5% O2, 1% CO2, and 94% N2) and stored at 10℃ for three weeks. The quality changes in weight loss, firmness, color, acidity, soluble solids, and microorganism growth were measured every 7 day interval. During the initial storage, the pallet-scale MAP showed slightly higher weight loss and firmness changes when compared to the conventional pallet. The total color change (ΔE) during ripening was delayed 10% under MAP storage. Acidity, soluble solids and phenolic compound contents decreased with increases in storage time regardless of the storage method; however, the quality changes of tomatoes were delayed in the MAP pallet. Furthermore, the decay rate of the pallet-scale MAP stored for 14 days was less than that of the conventional pallet, and the number of microorganisms was approximately 30% lower in the pallet-scale MAP, showing a positive effect on marketability. These results suggested that the pallet-scale MAP of tomatoes could ensure higher quality and longer storage periods than conventional pallet storage.
Effect of roasting conditions on aromatic compounds and physicochemical characteristics of germinated aromatic rice (Oryza sativa L.-Miryang 302) tea
Authors: Nam San , Kwon Yu-Ri , Cho Jun-Hyun , Seo Woo-Duck , Choi Sik-Won , Youn Kwang-Sup
Published: March 2020

This study was performed to verify the possibility of manufacturing a germinated aromatic rice tea, which was roasted at 200, 250, and 300℃ each for 10, 20, and 30 min. The roasted aromatic rice was analysed physicochemical properties, sensory characteristics and aromatic compounds. The total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the germinated aromatic rice increased as the roasting temperature and time increased. Total soluble solid contents, turbidity and browning index of the germinated aromatic rice tea also increased was the roasting temperature and roasting time increased. The pH did not change by roasting. The main aromatic components in roasted germinated aromatic rice tea were 2-methyl butanal, 3-methyl butanal, benzaldehyde and nonanal, which increased according to increasing temperature and time. However, those favorable aroma components were decreased at more than 300℃ of roasting temperature. In addition, methyl benzene, pentanol were increased which affect odor aroma. The sensory score of germinated aromatic rice tea also increased with high roasting temperature and time. However, aromatic rice roasted at a higher temperature (300℃) showed lower sensory score. Therefore roasting temperature and time must be controlled for manufactureing high quality of germinated aromatic rice tea, and the optimun roasting conditions were 250℃ and 30 min, which provide best physicochemical characteristics of aromatic rice tea.
Antibacterial activity and sensory characteristic of sauce for raw fish with tea extract and garlic vinegar
Authors: Han Young Sun , Choi Hye Jin , Lee Seung Ri , Kwon Mun-Ju , Heo Myung Je , Jo Nam-Gyu , Kim Hye Young
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the antibacterial activities and sensory properties of a sauce containing tea extract and garlic vineger against raw fish. The sauce was evaluated antibacterial activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus which is considered as one of the major food borne pathogens. As a result, the sauce inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus distinctly. In addition, the sauce with soy sauce and Kochujang showed the restricted growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in sliced raw flatfish. Sensory evaluations were measured by 7-point hedonic scale using sliced raw flatfish with the sauce mixed with Kochujang and soy sauce. The score of texture in the sauce with Kochujang was significantly higher than that of regular Chokochujang (p<0.05). Moreover, total preference including appearance, texture, aroma and taste were significantly higher in the sauce with soy sauce than those of regular soy sauce (p<0.05). Consequently, the soy sauce with tea extract and garlic vinegar may enhance the satisfaction of consumer and antimicrobial activity that against V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, resulting in potential reduction the outbreaks of food borne pathogens.
저온숙성 방법에 따른 생오미자 당절임 농축액인 오미자청의 파일럿 규모 생산 및 품질특성
Authors: Park Mi-Na , Ko Eun-Seong , Lee Chang Joo , Choi Joon-Ho
Published: March 2020

Omija-cheong, concentrated extracts from sugar-treated Omija fruit (Schisandra chinensis Baillon), is produced by traditional manner in Korea. The quality characteristics of Omija-cheong processed at low temperature with a pilot-scale were investigated to optimize the incubation time. With increasing incubation time in processing Omija-cheong, the pH level of Omija-cheong remained constant, while titratable acidity and organic acids increased. Fresh Omija fruits contained citric, malic and succinic acids, most of which were extracted into concentrated extracts after 37 days of incubation and reached to the stable concentration after 47 days of incubation. Titratable acidity in Omija-cheong gradually increased from 1.18% to 2.71%, and also was correlated with total concentration of organic acids. About 80% of supplemented sucrose for manufacturing Omija-cheong was converted into glucose and fructose until 68 days of incubation, and the composition of free sugars was maintained to be stable up to 138 days of incubation. The contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in Omija-cheong were 24.1 mg-GAE/L and 1,635 mg-QE/L at 57 days of incubation, which were more than 9 and 5 times higher than those in Omija fruits, respectively. From the quality characteristics in processing Omija-cheong by low-temperature incubation, more than 60 days of incubation is required for the constant quality and value-added beverage.
Quality characteristics of Weissella confusa strain having gluten degradation activity from salted seafood
Authors: Yoon Jong Young , Hwang Kwontack
Published: March 2020

A new lactic acid bacteria with gluten-degrading activity which was isolated from salted sea foods (traditional Korea fermented food), identified as Weissella confusa (99%) by use of API kit and 16S rRNA sequencing, and designated as W. confusa. When the W. confusa cultured for 48 hours at 30℃ in a MRS medium containing 1% gluten, 45% of gluten was founded to be degraded. W. confusa showed 85% of survival rate at pH 3, and 94% tolerance at 0.1% oxgall, which indicates that W. confusa would survive in stomach of human. Experiments on the thermostability was confirmed that it has a stability of 70% in 50℃. W. confusa inhibited the growth of some pathogen, except for S. aureus. Results in this study suggest that using W. confusa for fermentation of grain flour containing gluten would be desirable to prepare the gluten-free foods needed for those who suffer from celia disease and gluten allergy.
Effects of combination treatment with sulfur dioxide generating pad and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality of ‘Campbell Early’grape under simulated export conditions
Authors: Choi Mi-Hee , Lee Jin-Su , Lim Byung-Seon
Published: March 2020

The effects of combination treatment with sulfur dioxide generating pad (SO2 pad) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on grape quality were examined under simulated exporting condition and actual export to Los Angeles, USA. The ‘Campbell Early’ grape harvested in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi was precooled at 0°C, selected and packaged at 10°C, and stored at 0°C for 30 days. The treatment was as follows: general export packaging (control), only SO2 pad, combination of SO2 pad and MAP (perforated polyethylene film, SO2 pad+MA). In case of control and only SO2 pad under simulated exporting condition, the grape quality changes with storage time were decrease in hardness and brush length, increase in stem browning, and increased in shattering rate. The treatment of SO2 pad+MA was the most effective in preserving the grape quality since SO2 concentration inside the package remained around 2.9 ppm by MA film. Grape exports from harvest to local distribution of the USA took 30 days, and only SO2 pad+MA package showed no fungus, maintained brush length and rachis color, and was lowest at 4.0% of shattering rate since the concentration of SO2 in the package was about 4.0 ppm. As a result, it was considered that the combination of SO2 pad and MA was the most effective way to maintain freshness of grape during long-term marine transportation and extend the shelf-life in exporting countries.
Change of fungi and mycotoxin in hulled barley under different conditions and period
Authors: Ham Hyeonheui , Baek Jiseon , Lee Mijeong , Lee Theresa , Hong Sung-Kee , Lee Seungdon
Published: March 2020

To establish good storage practices for hulled barley against mycotoxin contamination, we measured occurrence of fungi and mycotoxin in hulled barley grains under various storage conditions. Hulled barley grains collected from two places were stored in five different warehouses: 1) two without temperature control, 2) one with temperature controlled at 12°C, 3) a chamber set at 15°C/65% relative humidity, and 4) one seed storage set at 10°C. The samples were stored for six month with temperature and relative humidity monitored regularly. Every stored samples were retrieved after 0, 1, 3, and 6 month to investigate fungal and mycotoxin contamination. From the stored grains, Fusarium, Epicoccum, Alternaria, and Drechslera spp. were frequently detected. In the warehouses without temperature control, Fusarium and Alternaria spp. constantly decreased, whereas Drechslera spp. increased along with storage period. In the other warehouses with temperature controlled, Fusarium spp. decreased slowly and more than 2.5 log CFU/g of Fusarium spp. were detected after 6 month storage. The level of nivalenol was maintained during 0-3 month but increased after 6 month storage. There was no difference in the nivalenol levels between the warehouses. Therefore reducing storage period less than 6 months could be more effective to control nivalenol contamination in hulled barley grains.
Anti-diabetic mechanism of melania snail (Semisulcospira libertina) protamex hydrolysates
Authors: Pyo Sang-Eun , Choi Jae-Suk , Kim Mi-Ryung
Published: March 2020

Melania snail (Semisulcospira libertina) was traditionally used as the healthy food in Korea. It was generally known to improve liver function and heal a diabetes. The aim of this study was to elucidate the anti-diabetic mechanism of melanian snail hydrolysates treated with protamex (MPH) by investigating the inhibitory action on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), the improving effect on the insulin resistance in C2C12 myoblast and the protective effect for pancreatic beta-cell (INS-1) under the glucose toxicity. The melania snail hydrolysates treated with protamex (MPH), which showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (43%), and inhibited effectively PTP1B activity (IC50=15.42±1.1 μg/mL), of which inhibitory effect was higher than usolic acid, positive control (IC50=16.65 μg/mL). MPH increased the glucose uptake in C2C12 myoblast treated with palmitic acid. In addition, MPH increased insulin mRNA expression level by over 160% with enhanced cell viability in INS-1 cell under the high glucose concentration (30 mM). These results suggest that MHP may improve the diabetic symptom by the inhibiting the PTP1B activity, increasing the glucose uptake in muscle cell and protecting the pancreatic beta-cell from glucose toxicity.
Optimization of spray drying conditions of soft persimmon and milk mixture using response surface methodology
Authors: Park Mi-Jeong , Kim Sang-Bum , Kim Sook-Jin , Kim Kyung-Mi , Choi Song-Yi , Chang Mi , Kim Gi-Chang
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum spray drying conditions of soft persimmon latte using response surface methodology that is a statistical procedure used for optimization studies. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, inlet temperature (X1), air flow rate (X2), and feed flow rate (X3), on responses such as yield, water absorption index, and total phenolic compounds. Statistical analysis revealed that independent variables significantly affected all the responses. A maximum yield of 8.11 g was obtained at 90°C of X1, 51.82 mL/min of X2 and 7.00 mL/min of X3. A minimum water absorption index of 0.58 was obtained at 101°C of X1, 60.00 mL/min of X2 and 17.00 mL/min of X3. A maximum total phenolic compounds of 298.02 μg/mL was obtained at 90°C of X1, 43.33 mL/min of X2 and 17.00 mL/min of X3. In conclusion, the best spray drying conditions were as follows: X1, 90°C; X2, 53 mL/min; X3, 17 mL/min. Under those optimal conditions, the powder’s yield (7.46 g), water absorption index (0.54), and the content of total phenolic compounds (294.75 μg/mL) were estimated.
Influence of usage environment from camping cooking utensils on migration of hazardous metals
Authors: Lee Jin-hee , Kim Ji-Yeon , Park Ye-Seul , Park Sang-Gyu , Lee Jae-Ho , Yoon Jong-Ho , Kim Gyung-Tae , Han Gi-Dong
Published: March 2020

Hazardous metals leaching experiment was carried out in accordance with various usage environments for camping cooking utensils distributed in the market. There was a significant difference in the degree of migration for lead, arsenic, cadmium and nickel defending on the solvent and how to use, although they were all appropriate for criteria. In general, the migrated amount of aluminum was increased in acidic condition, and the migrated amount of arsenic was increased in salty condition. Physical scratches increased the overall release of hazardous metals from the portable pots and pans for camping in all solvents. Especially, in 0.5% citric acid solution, cadmium was migrated by physical scratch in stainless steel and hard aluminum pots and pans. The longer the leaching time, the higher the migration of aluminum in acid condition and arsenic in basic condition. From these results, it is desirable to use the cooking utensil for camping without being exposed to strong acidic or basic solution and scratches in order to reduce the migration of hazardous metals from them.
Anti-inflammation effect of blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) leaf extract on RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Kim Dong In , Kim Hyun Jung , Yun Jong Moon , Lee Ji Hye , Han So Jung , Kim Ha Eun , Jang Min Jung , An Bong Jeun
Published: March 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant and intracellular anti-inflammatory efficacy of blueberry leaf extracted with hot water (BLW), 70% ethanol (BLE), and 70% acetone (BLA) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In order to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of blueberry leaf extracts, RAW 264.7 macrophages were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce the production of inflammation-related factors, which were measure by Western blotting and real-time PCR methods. i-NOS, COX-2 protein, and mRNA expression showed concentration-dependent decrease. The decreases in the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were concentration-dependent. Further, the antioxidant effects of blueberry leaf on total polyphenol contents, electron donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity were evaluated. The total polyphenol contents of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 217.04±2.98, 156.72±3.90, and 182.88±3.02 mg TAE/g, respectively, while the electron donating abilities at 1,000 μg/mL of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 81.7, 79.6, and 79.3%, respectively. The ABTS+ radical scavenging activity was fond to be concentration dependent. The nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition activities at 50 μg/mL of BLW, BLE, and BLA were 35.1, 42.4 and 42.7%, respectively. In conclusion, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test results indicate that blueberry leaf extracts (BLW, BLE, and BLA) can be used as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of fresh and air-dried Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai leaves
Authors: Chang Seong Jun , Jeon Nam Bae , Park Joo Won , Jang Tae Won , Jeong Jin Boo , Park Jae Ho
Published: March 2020

In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of Abeliophyllum distichum (A. distichum) leaves that were prepared via air-drying. Fresh and air-dried A. distichum leaves were examined via 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay and measurements of the reducing power. The suppression effects on inflammation of the leaves were analyzed by a western blot and RT-PCR on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. As a result, the antioxidant activity of the fresh leaves was found to be more effective than that of the air-dried leaves. Also, the fresh leaves were more effective in suppressing the protein and mRNA levels of iNOS and COX-2 than the air-dried leaves, thereby indicating the better anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the contents of phenolic compounds and acteoside were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the acteoside content decreased with the use of the air-drying method, while there was no change in the content of phenolic compounds. Therefore, this study indicated that fresh A. distichum leaves potential antioxidant and suppression activities of various factors that are involved in the production of NO, which were found to be better than those of air-dried A. distichum leaves. These biological activities were also found to be independent of the content of phonolic compounds and were assumed to be directly or indirectly related to the content of acteoside.
Novel mosaic mice with diverse applications
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Mao Shaoshuai , Liu Bo , Jing Zhengyu , Zang Ying , Xia Jing , Sun Jianlong , Chi Tian
Published: March 2020

Gene-deficient mouse models are indispensable for interrogating mammalian gene functions, but the conventional models allow the study of only one or few genes per mouse line, which has been a bottleneck in functional genomics. To confront the challenge, we have combined the CRISPR-Cas and Cre-Lox systems to develop a novel type of mosaic mice termedMARC(MosaicAnimal based on gRNA andCre) for targeting many genes per mouse but only one gene per cell. This technology employs a transgene comprising a modified U6 promoter upstream of a series of floxed gRNA genes linked together in tandem, with one gRNA expressed per cell following Cre-mediated recombination. At least 61 gRNA genes can be stably maintained in the transgene, and importantly, enables robust proof-of-principlein vivoscreens, demonstrating the potential for quickly evaluating the functions of many genes in diverse tissues in a single MARC line. In theory, MARC can also be analyzed by single-cell sequencing, and should enable cost-effective derivation of conventional single-gene-KO lines via simple breeding. Our study establishes MARC as an important addition to the mouse genetics toolbox.
Hematopoietic p53 loss cell-extrinsically defines an immune infiltrated microenvironment in leukemia and pre-leukemia
Authors: Posey Ryan R. , Lee Jonathan D. , Clohessy Sean , Mendez Lourdes M. , Pandolfi Pier Paolo
Published: March 2020

TP53is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers. In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential (CHIP), it is one of several recurrent genetic alterations. Despite multiple recent therapeutic advances for AML,TP53mutated AML is associated with resistance to currently approved therapies and thus, a very poor prognosis. Emerging evidence suggests that mutations inTP53may be a predictor of positive response to immunotherapy. To model cell - extrinsic consequences of hematopoietic p53 loss, we generated bone marrow chimeric mice bearingp53-/-and congenic wild type cells. Following reconstitution, we observed increased levels of wild type CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in mice transplanted withp53-/-hematopoietic cells compared to controls. In addition, we observed a change in the frequency of T cell subsets inp53-/-chimeras including an increase in Tregs. To determine if these alterations were mirrored in the leukemic setting, we next generatedp53-/-;nRasG12Dleukemia. While the bone marrow ofp53-/-;nRasG12Dleukemia showed the presence of both T and B lymphocytes, MLL-AF9 showed a near complete absence of lymphocytes, akin to ‘immune-infiltrated’ and ‘immune-desert’ phenotypes seen in solid tumors. These data clearly demonstrate a causal cell-extrinsic effect of hematopoietic p53 loss on the immune system, both in the context of leukemia and preleukemic states. Modeling AML genetics in murine models serves as a powerful tool to define the association between genetic drivers and immune subtypes of AML towards precise patient stratification critical for the application of emerging targeted and immune therapies.

Statement of Significance

TP53mutations are frequent in both AML and CHIP, and are associated with both resistance to therapy as well as very poor prognosis. We provide evidence to investigate the immunotherapy as a treatment option for this subgroup of AML.
Optimized RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas13d technology outperforms shRNA in identifying essential circRNAs
Authors: Zhang Yang , Nguyen Tuan M. , Zhang Xiao-Ou , Phan Tin , Clohessy John G. , Pandolfi Pier Paolo
Published: March 2020

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed, but their functions remain largely unknown. To study circRNAs in a high-throughput manner, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screens1have recently been used to deplete circRNAs by targeting their unique back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. Here, we report frequent discrepancies between shRNA-mediated circRNA knockdown efficiency and the corresponding biological effect, raising pressing concerns about the robustness of shRNA screening for functional circRNAs. To address this issue, we leveraged the CRISPR/Cas13d system2for circRNAs functional screenings. We optimized a strategy for designing single guide RNAs to deplete circRNAs. We then performed shRNA and CRISPR/Cas13d parallel screenings and demonstrated that shRNA-mediated circRNAs screening yielded a high rate of false positives phenotypes, while optimized CRISPR/Cas13d led to the identification ofbona-fidefunctional circRNAs. Collectively, we developed a specific and reliable approach to functionalize circRNAs in a high-throughput manner.
Organizational pride as an antecedent of employee creativity in the petrochemical industry
Authors: Durrah Omar , Allil Kamaal , Gharib Moaz , Hannawi Souzan
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This empirical study aims to explore the impact of two facets of organizational pride (namely, emotional and attitudinal) on employee creativity in petrochemical companies in the Sultanate of Oman.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a simple random sample technique, data were collected using a questionnaire from 278 respondents working in five major petrochemical organizations operating in Oman. Data were examined using structural equation modeling.

Findings

The findings revealed that attitudinal organizational pride is the only dimension of organizational pride that has a direct significant positive effect on creativity, while emotional pride does not affect creativity.

Research limitations/implications

The current study is considered among the pioneering studies in its contextual field. However, despite its importance, it has several limitations. First, this study is limited to the petrochemical sector. Second, the study is limited to two variables: organizational pride and creativity. Last, this study examined creativity as one variable.

Practical implications

Attitudinal organizational pride directly affects employee creativity. Petrochemical managers should consider and enhance attitudinal organizational pride.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the literature investigating the attitudinal and emotional aspects as facets of organizational pride in relation to employee creativity, and it is the first to do so in the context of the Sultanate of Oman.
Career training with mentoring programs in higher education
Authors: Okolie Ugochukwu Chinonso , Nwajiuba Chinyere Augusta , Binuomote Michael Olayinka , Ehiobuche Christian , Igu Ntasiobi Chikezie Nwankwo , Ajoke Ogungboyega Suliyat
Published: March 2020

Purpose

This study explores how career training with mentoring (CTM) programs work in Nigerian higher education (HE) institutions to foster students' career development and employability of graduates. It also explores how Nigerian HE curriculum can be adequately used to facilitate CTM as well as possible constraints to effective implementation of CTM programs in Nigerian HE institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The study draws on interviews with well-qualified and experienced experts from six Nigerian public universities (each from the 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria), and 20 industries also within the same 6 geo-political zones of Nigeria that were selected for this study using a purposeful sampling technique. The study interviewed 33 experts comprising 21 senior academics at Nigerian universities and 12 industry executives to reveal substantial information about CTM programs in Nigerian HE institutions.

Findings

Drawing on the three key themes that emerged during the thematic analysis and linked to social cognitive career theory, it is clear that participants are convinced that CTM can enhance clarity about students' career ambitions, career interests, personal development plans and employability. Findings show that there are some career-related programs or activities that Nigerian HE students are presented with, but the programs have not been effective as to offer graduates quality career guidance and employability skills that employers demand. Acknowledging these, participants recommend establishing CTM centres in all Nigerian HE institutions to provide students with the opportunity to receive quality career advice, coaching and mentoring services while schooling.

Practical implications

The findings of this study shed light on varying resources required to cope with the demands of labour market in terms of supply of competent workforce that can contribute to Nigeria's economic growth and development. The findings are highly relevant for Nigeria and other developing countries' policy and research initiatives that aim to promote social inclusion and equity and improve better working conditions for all. The findings also have implications for career development and employability of HE graduates in developing world context.

Originality/value

Understanding the role that CTM programs can play in facilitating career development and graduate employability can arguably be of importance within the developing world context. This study, therefore, provides significant suggestions on how to build sustained HEIs and labour market partnership to foster career development and employability of HE graduates through establishing CTM centres in every Nigerian HE institutions.