bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Pandemic on Working Mothers: Exploring Perspectives from the United States and South Africa
Authors: Rosen Lisa , Scott Shannon , Shukla Roshni , Poe Darian , Ahmed Shazia
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on working mothers from the United States and South Africa. This study sought to highlight both cross-cultural similarities and differences. American and South African working mothers took part in online interviews. Each participant met individually with the researcher and answered a series of open-ended questions regarding their experiences of being a working mother during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers analyzed interviews using thematic analysis. Common themes emerged in the interviews with both American and South African working mothers. Mothers in the United States and South Africa both noted the need for flexible work schedules as well as expressed difficulty balancing roles as mothers and professionals during the pandemic. Increased motivation and resiliency as well as lack of representation of women leaders were themes specific to South African mothers in this study. Conversely, feelings of decreased interest in pursuing leadership opportunities was a theme specific to American mothers in this study. The current study adds to the growing body of literature documenting the effect of the pandemic on working mothers, and builds on this research by including a qualitative component to gain knowledge from working mothers themselves. The narratives collected in the current study highlight commonalities as well as differences in the experiences of working mothers in the United States and South Africa, which holds important implications for how workplaces and the broader community can best attend to the unique needs of working mothers.
Microheater with Copper Nanofiber Network via Electrospinning and Electroless Deposition
Authors: Kim Geon Hwee , Kim Na Kyoung , Kim Kanghyun , Jang Hansol , Shin Hyun-Joon , An Taechang
Published: August 2023

In this report, we present the development of a copper nanofiber network-based microheater, designed for applications in electron microscopes, gas sensing, and cell culture platforms. The seed layer, essential for electroless deposition, was crafted through the electrospinning of a palladium-contained polyvinylpyrrolidone solution followed by a heat treatment. This process minimized the contact resistance between nanofibers. We successfully fabricated a microheater with evenly distributed temperature by controlling the electrospinning time, heat treatment conditions, and electroless deposition time. We assessed the electrical and thermal characteristics of the microheater by examining the nanofiber density, sheet resistance, and transmittance. The microheater’s performance was evaluated by applying current, and we verified its capacity to heat up to a maximum of 350 ℃. We further observed the microheater’s temperature distribution at varying current levels through an infrared camera. The entire manufacturing procedure takes place under normal pressure, eliminating the need for masking or etching processes. This renders the method easily adaptable to the mass production of microdevices. The method is expected to be applicable to various materials and sizes and is cost-effective compared to commercially produced microheaters developed through microelectromechanical system processes, which demand complex facilities and significant expenditure.
Identifying Three Types of East Asian Summer Rainfall Based on Monsoon and Tropical Cyclone Activities: Unique Features and Major Influential Factors
Authors: Wang Jingying , Wu Zhiwei
Published: August 2023

Most prior studies have investigated East Asian summer rainfall as a unified entity. This study investigates the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), Western North Pacific (WNP) tropical cyclones (TCs), and the concurrent rainfall occurring between May and September from 1983 to 2021. Three distinct types of rainfall are identified: monsoon-only rainfall, TC-only rainfall, and monsoon-TC joint rainfall (MS-TC rainfall), each exhibiting its own unique characteristics. Monsoon-only rainfall is characterized by positive anomalies along the East Asian subtropical front, while a decrease in TC activity leads to negative rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP. TC-only rainfall, on the other hand, contributes to positive rainfall anomalies in the tropical WNP, as more TCs exhibit westward movement. In the case of MS-TC rainfall, positive precipitation anomalies are observed in the Philippines, the Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan. These anomalies can be attributed to an increased northward movement of TCs during such rainfall events.
During strong monsoon-only (TC-only) rainfall years, the tropical western Pacific experiences anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomalies, along with a westward (eastward) monsoon trough and Western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). In strong MS-TC years, a localized cyclonic anomaly dominates the Philippine Basin, resulting in an eastward shift of the monsoon trough and WNPSH. Additionally, a significant increase (decrease) in vertical wind shear (VWS) is observed in the tropical WNP during strong monsoon-only (TC-only) years, while a moderate decrease is observed in strong MS-TC years.
Distinct influential factors are associated with each rainfall type. Preceding warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the offshore China seas and WNP, in conjunction with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), play a primary role in driving interannual variations of monsoon-only rainfall. ENSO serves as the principal modulator of interannual variations in TC-only rainfall. Additionally, anomalous thermal conditions in the Maritime Continent (MC) act as major drivers for MS-TC rainfall. This study enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms and influential factors contributing to the diverse patterns of East Asian summer rainfall.
A scoping review on the methodological and reporting quality of scoping reviews in China
Authors: Xue Xinyu , Tang Xintong , Liu Shanshan , Yu Ting , Chen Zhonglan , Chen Ningsu , Yu Jiajie
Published: August 2023

Background
Scoping reviews have emerged as a valuable method for synthesizing emerging evidence, offering a comprehensive contextual overview, and influencing policy and practice developments. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of scoping reviews conducted by Chinese authors over the last decades.
Method
We conducted a comprehensive search for scoping reviews conducted by Chinese authors across nine databases and six grey literature databases. The reporting quality of included reviews was assessed using the Preferred Reporting Items for PRISMA-ScR checklist. We performed both quantitative and qualitative analyses, examining the conduct of the scoping reviews and exploring the breadth of research topics covered. We used Chi-square and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests to compare methodological issues and reporting quality in English-reported and Chinese-reported reviews.
Results
A total of 392 reviews published between 2013 and 2022 were included, 238 English-reported reviews and 154 Chinese-reported reviews, respectively. The primary purposes of these reviews were to map and summarize the evidence, with a particular focus on health and nursing topics. 98.7% of reviews explicitly used the term "scoping review", and the Arksey and O’Malley framework was the most frequently cited framework. Thirty-five English-reported scoping reviews provided a protocol for scoping review. PubMed was the most common source in English-reported reviews and CNKI in Chinese-reported reviews. Reviews published in English were more likely to search the grey literature (P = 0.005), consult information specialists (P < 0.001) and conduct an updated search (P = 0.012) than those in Chinese. Reviews published in English had a significantly high score compared to those published in Chinese (16 vs. 14; P < 0.001). The reporting rates in English-reported reviews were higher than those in Chinese reviews for seven items, but lower for structured summary (P < 0.001), eligibility criteria (P < 0.001), data charting process (P = 0.009) and data items (P = 0.015).
Conclusion
There has been a significant increase in the number of scoping reviews conducted by Chinese authors each year since 2020. While the research topics covered are diverse, the overall reporting quality of these reviews is unsatisfactory. Therefore, there is a need for greater standardization in the conduct of scoping reviews by Chinese authors.
Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease characterized by multiple stroke-like episodes and visual hallucinations: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Fan , Fang Yong , Xie Shengjun , Gong Daokai
Published: August 2023

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease featured by eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions in the central nervous system and multiple systems of the body. For the reasons stated above, the clinical manifestation of NIID has high heterogeneity, such as dementia, parkinsonism, and psychiatric. Thus, in this report we describe a rare case of NIID characterized by multiple stroke episodes in China. A 79-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with multiple stroke-like episodes for seven years and visual hallucinations for a week. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain suggested chronic infarction in the right occipital lobe, multiple ischemic infarction lesions of bilateral half oval centers and radial crowns. However, the patient did not have risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and coronary heart disease. The stroke-like episodes of patient gradually improved after improving the circulations, providing the nerves nutrition and giving treatments aiming to patients’ current symptoms. Considering patient’s restorable stroke-like symptoms episode repeatedly without other neuro injured symptoms and diffusion weighted images (DWI) did not show new infarctions all the time, we observed her oromandibular dystonia and head tremor phenomenon additionally, as well as her reduced pupils (~ 1.5mm). We suggest the patient do a genetic testing for CGG repeat expansion of NOTCH2NLC showing a positive result. This case report highlights that the necessity of genetic testing in atypical NIID patients. Additionally, we reviewed previously reported cases of NIID, which will facilitate more accurate clinical diagnosis in the future and help us better understand the diagnostic flow of adult-onset NIID.
Genotype Detection of Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) in Swine Clinical Samples from Brazil
Authors: Miotto Rovian , Pissetti Caroline , Bordin Luiz Carlos , Zanella Janice Reis Ciacci
Published: August 2023

Porcine circovirus disease (PCVD) is one of the most impactful diseases in commercial pig production. It is caused by the infection of a small, circular DNA virus, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). Currently, four types of PCV have been identified: PCV1, PCV2, PCV3, and PCV4. PCV2 is classified into 9 different genotypes (a-i). Although there is widespread use of commercial vaccines for PCV2 and PCVD is not a new disease, its presentation has changed. In addition, PCV2 has also evolved genetically, requiring monitoring of vaccinated herds for clinical and genotypic aspects. The objective of this study was to identify genotypes of PCV2, namely, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d. Additionally, the study aimed to identify coinfections of different PCV2 genotypes and PCV3 coinfections. Herein, 333 PCVD clinical samples of pigs that tested positive for PCV2 from various tissues, states in Brazil, and production phases were analyzed. Of those, 266 were genotyped, and PCV2b was the most frequent genotype found in 56.77% of positive samples, mainly in nursery samples. However, PCV2d was present in 33.10% of the samples, mainly from finishing pigs and breeding sows. The PCR used in this study was compared to a commercial kit and was effective in PCV2 genotyping. This study shows that it is important to genotype PCV2, and conventional PCR demonstrated a good option for this. PCV2b remains the most prevalent in pig farms in Brazil and continues to cause disease. It is necessary to state that in Brazil, the most commonly used commercial vaccines are for PCV2a. Even though PCV2a vaccines provide heterologous protection for other genotypes, the adequate diagnosis and study of the need for updating vaccines for the genotypes currently circulating must be considered.
Social Groups and Polarization of Aesthetic Values
Authors: Mather Kathleen B. , Aleem Hassan , Rhee Yewon , Grzywacz Norberto M.
Published: August 2023

When deciding what images we prefer, our brain must weigh many aesthetic variables, such as symmetry and complexity. To date, aesthetic research has mainly focused on investigating one variable at a time. In this article, we use symmetry and complexity to study the problem of multi aesthetic-variable interactions. For symmetry and complexity, there are two simple interaction hypotheses. The independence hypothesis proposes that the evaluation of aesthetic variables is mutually independent. Meanwhile, Birkhoff’s aesthetic-measure hypothesis predicts that people prefer images high in symmetry and low in complexity, and dislike the opposite. To test these hypotheses, we generated images that systematically varied in levels of symmetry and complexity. We then compared the subjects’ preference maps to identify regions of likes and dislikes. Unlike the predictions from these hypotheses, we found that most, but not all subjects, formed two distinct natural clusters, termed “islands,” in terms of likes and dislikes. We also found that people with more art exposure were less likely to belong to an island. If someone did belong to an island, their gender influenced which cluster they belonged to. We discuss alternate hypotheses, possible mechanisms for the occurrence of islands, and their possible social implications.
A general algorithm for convex fair partitions of convex polygons
Authors: Campillo Mathilda , Gonzalez-Lima Maria D. , Uribe Bernardo
Published: August 2023

A convex fair partition of a convex polygonal region is defined as a partition on which all regions are convex and have equal area and equal perimeter. In this paper we present an algorithm, based on a heuristic, that finds such a fair partition for any given convex polygon and any given number of regions.
MSC Classification: 52A38 , 68U05
Pediatric Penetrating Brain Injuries with Intact Neurological Function - A Pencil and Toy Wheel Encounter; A Case Series
Authors: Zaidi Syeda Mahrukh Fatima , Shaukat Shuja , Shan Mishal , Ayesha Shabih
Published: August 2023

Background
Penetrating brain traumas entail the intrusion of external items into the cranial cavity without an exit point. While commonly accompanied by neurological impairments, exceptional instances exist where patients exhibit no deficiencies. Our study delves into the phenomenon of penetrating brain injuries without neurological deficits in the pediatric age group, offering valuable insights for clinical practice.
Cases Presentation:
We hereby report two noteworthy cases of pediatric patients who presented with accidental penetrating brain injuries, involving a pencil and a toy wheel, respectively. Subsequent imaging examinations revealed deep penetration within the brain parenchyma. Remarkably, neither of these cases exhibited any discernible neurological deficits or symptoms typically associated with traumatic brain injury.
Conclusion
Penetrating brain injuries pose significant risks and require immediate and meticulous management in trauma centers.
Censored Mean Level CFAR detectors for Statistical MIMO radars
Authors: Baadeche M. , Soltani F.
Published: August 2023

In this paper three censored mean (CM) level CFAR detectors are proposed; the Mean of CM (MCM), the CM Greatest Of (CMGO) and the CM Smallest Of (CMSO); and their performances are analyzed in homogeneous and non-homogeneous clutter for Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) radars with widely separated antennas (Statistical). Closed-form expressions of the probability of false alarm (PFA) and probability of detection (PD) are derived for the three CFAR detectors in homogeneous environment. By means of closed-form in homogeneous clutter and Monte Carlo simulations in non-homogeneous clutter, the detection performance of the three CFAR detectors is investigated and compared.
Neuromuscular diseases associated with COVID-19 vaccines: A systematic review and pooled analysis of 258 patients
Authors: Tayebi Amirhossein , Samimisedeh Parham , Afshar Elmira Jafari , Mahmoudnia Saeideh , Milan Nesa , Ayati Aryan , Rastad Hadith , madady Aryan
Published: August 2023

Background: Neuromuscular diseases (NMD) emerged as one of the main side effects of the COVID-19 vaccination. We pooled and summarized the evidence on the clinical features and outcomes of NMD associated with COVID-19 vaccination.
Methods: We comprehensively searched three databases, Medline, Embase, and Scopus, using the key terms covering “Neuromuscular disease” AND “COVID-19 vaccine”, and pooled the individual patient data extracted from the included studies.
Results: A total of 258 NMD cases following COVID-19 have been reported globally; of which 171 cases were Guillain barre syndrome (GBS), 40 Parsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS), 22 Myasthenia Gravis (MG), 19 facial nerve palsy (FNP), 5 single fiber neuropathy, and 1 Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. All (100%) SFN patients and 58% of FNP patients were female; in remained NMDs, patients predominantly were male, including MG (82%), GBS (63%), and PTS (62.5%).
The median time from vaccine to symptom was less than 2 weeks in all groups. Symptoms mainly appeared following the first dose of vector vaccine, but there was no certain pattern for mRNA-based.
Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccines might induce some NMDs, mainly in adults. The age distribution and gender characteristics of affected patients may differ based on the NMD type. About two-thirds of the cases probably occur in less than two weeks from the vaccination.
Non-nilpotent Leibniz algebras with one-dimensional derived subalgebra
Authors: Bartolo Alfonso Di , Rosa Gianmarco La , Mancini Manuel
Published: August 2023

In this paper we study non-nilpotent non-Lie Leibniz F-algebras with one-dimensional derived subalgebra, where F is a field with char(F) ≠ 2. We prove that such an algebra is isomorphic to the direct sum of the two dimensional non-nilpotent non-Lie Leibniz algebra and an abelian algebra. We denote it by Ln, where n = dimF Ln. This generalizes the result found in [11], which is only valid when F = C . Moreover, we find the Lie algebra of derivations, its Lie group of automorphisms and the Leibniz algebra of biderivations of Ln. Eventually, we solve the coquecigrue problem for Ln by integrating it into a Lie rack.
Entropy in scalp EEG can be used as a preimplantation marker for VNS efficacy
Authors: Sklenarova Barbora , Chladek Jan , Macek Michal , Brazdil Milan , Chrastina Jan , Jurkova Tereza , Burilova Petra , Plesinger Filip , Zatloukalova Eva , Dolezalova Irena
Published: August 2023

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutic option in drug-resistant epilepsy. VNS leads to ≥ 50% seizure reduction in 50 to 60% of patients, termed "responders." The remaining 40 to 50% of patients, "non-responders," exhibit seizure reduction < 50%. Our work aims to differentiate between these two patient groups in preimplantation EEG analysis by employing several Entropy methods. We identified 59 drug-resistant epilepsy patients treated with VNS. We established their response to VNS in terms of responders and non-responders. A preimplantation EEG with eyes open/closed, photic stimulation, and hyperventilation was found for each patient. The EEG was segmented into eight time intervals within four standard frequency bands. In all, 32 EEG segments were obtained. Seven Entropy methods were calculated for all segments. Subsequently, VNS responders and non-responders were compared using individual Entropy methods. A total of 59 patients with epilepsy who were treated with VNS were identified. VNS responders and non-responders differed significantly in all Entropy methods except Approximate Entropy. Spectral Entropy revealed the highest number of EEG segments differentiating between responders and non-responders. The most useful frequency band distinguishing responders and non-responders was the alpha frequency, and the most helpful time interval was hyperventilation and rest 4 (the end of EEG recording).
Impact on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Cream Cheese Analogue Using Blend of Dairy and Vegetable Fat
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , Rehman Tasbeeha , Imran Muhammad , Inayat Saima , Rehman Hifz Ur , Ullah Ehsan , Muzamil Shahzad , Younas Umair
Published: August 2023

Background
Cream cheese analogue cheese is prepared using the substitutes of dairy fats and proteins partially or completely. Cream cheese analogue is easy to prepare as it requires less manufacturing time and man power. It also meets the specifications and requirements of the retailers as well as the consumers. Cream cheese analogue is a soft cheese with a slightly sweet and pleasantly tangy taste.
Methods
Cream cheese analogue ingredients are purchased carefully keeping in mind the required specifications. For the above mentioned research, different samples of cream cheese (T0, T1, T2 and T3) were manufactured with standardized fat and protein and the moisture was maintained at 50–55% during these trials. All ingredients were added in a large container for mixing and cooking (Pasteurization) for 1–2 minutes at 75°C and homogenized for 5–6 minutes with the help of a hand mixture until specific shine appeared in the sample. Samples were then shifted in to another container and allowed to attain temperature between 20–25°C. After that, samples were incubated with the addition of mesophilic culture until desired pH (4.6–4.7) was achieved. Later samples were heated at 50–55°C for 2–3 minutes placed in a muslin cloth and left overnight for whey drainage. Chemical analysis and Sensory evaluation were performed using different parameters and scales.
Results
Sample prepared using 75% dairy cream and 25% cocoa butter substitute fat (T1) showed good results. T1 had better consistency and spread ability which was considered desirable characteristics of cream cheese. This research proved the cost effective as cream cheese prepared with plant based fat which made its production viable at industrial level.
Conclusion
Cream cheese which was made from dairy fat and cocoa butter substitute fat 75% and 25% respectively had more springiness, smoothness and gumminess and also had more pleasant taste, color, flavor and aroma then other samples. This product can be used in future in Pakistan.
Study on the Deformation Effects of Foundation Pit Retaining Piles in the Influence Zone of the Footwall Affected by Reverse Fault
Authors: Niu Yungang , Wang Qiongyi , Ma Fenghai
Published: August 2023

In order to investigate the deformation characteristics of the retaining piles in the footwall affected by reverse fault, this study focuses on a case study of a foundation pit project in Shenzhen City, using numerical simulation methods. By analyzing the deformation characteristics of the retaining piles under reverse fault and investigating the influence of different fault slip amounts, dip angles, and positions on the pile deformation, sensitivity analysis and orthogonal experiments of fault parameters were conducted. The research results show that the deformation of the retaining piles under reverse fault exhibits an increasing trend, with the center of gravity shifting upward. Regarding the deformation impact, the upper part of the pile shows significantly larger deformation than the lower part, especially at the pile top. The overall deformation of the pile exhibits an approximate spoon-shaped curve, with the maximum deformation occurring in the middle to upper part of the foundation pit. The deformation of the pile is directly proportional to the fault slip amount and dip angle, while it is inversely proportional to the distance from the fault to the pit. Furthermore, the maximum deformation rate r(ΔZmax/Δ) increases non-linearly with increasing fault slip amount and dip angle, and decreases non-linearly with increasing distance from the fault to the foundation pit. Through sensitivity analysis of fault slip amount, dip angle, and position on the maximum deformation of the retaining pile, it is found that the dip angle has the greatest influence on deformation, followed by the slip amount, while the fault position has the least influence. By fitting the data from 64 orthogonal experiments, a good linear relationship is established between the maximum deformation Uhm of the retaining pile and the index η(\(\frac{{\theta \pi T}}{{{{180}^^\circ }S}}\) ). Furthermore, a predictive model is developed for the maximum deformation of the retaining pile in the influence zone of the footwall affected by reverse fault. This study provides valuable references for controlling deformations in foundation pit projects in reverse fault areas and holds significant importance for rational design and construction. The research findings contribute to reducing geological hazards, ensuring engineering safety, and promoting the sustainable development of foundation pit projects. Moreover, these contributions play a positive role in minimizing environmental impacts, resource consumption, and advancing the sustainability of engineering practices.
Enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana through overexpression of a novel WRKY transcription factor gene, TaWRKY31
Authors: Ge Miaomiao , Tang Yan , Guan Yijun , Lv Meicheng , Zhou Chunjv , Ma Huiling , Lv Jinyin
Published: August 2023

Background
Wheat, a crucial food crop in China, is highly vulnerable to drought stress throughout its growth and development. WRKY transcription factors (TFs), being one of the largest families of TFs, play a vital role in responding to various abiotic stresses.
Results
In this study, we cloned and characterized the TF TaWRKY31 from wheat. This TF, belonging to the WRKY II family, contains a WRKYGQK amino acid sequence and a C2H2-type zinc finger structure. TaWRKY31 is expressed with tissue specificity and is responsive to abiotic stresses in wheat. TaWRKY31 protein is localized in the nucleus and can function as a TF with transcription activating activity at the N-terminus. Results showed that the wheat plants with silenced strains (BSMV: TaWRKY31-1as and BSMV: TaWRKY31-2as) exhibited poor growth status and low relative water content when subjected to drought treatment. Moreover, the levels of O2·−, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plants increased, while the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) decreased. The expression levels of TaSOD(Fe), TaPOD, TaCAT, TaDREB1, TaP5CS, TaNCED1, TaSnRK2, TaPP2C, and TaPYL5 all decreased. The heterologous overexpression of TaWRKY31 in Arabidopsis decreased H2O2 and MDA content, stomatal opening, and water loss. Furthermore, an increase in resistance oxidase activity, germination rate, and root length in the TaWRKY31 transgenic Arabidopsis was observed. Lastly, the expression levels of AtNCED3, AtABA2, AtSnRK2.2, AtABI1, AtABF3, AtP5CS1, AtSOD(Cu/Zn), AtPOD, AtCAT, AtRD29A, AtRD29B, and AtDREB2A increased in the transgenic plants.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that TaWRKY31 enhances drought resistance in plants by promoting the scavenging of reactive oxygen species, reducing stomatal opening, and increasing the expression levels of stress-related genes.
Developing a pervasive edge computing environment for Vehicular Communication using modified Reinforcement Learning in Routing and Dynamic Traffic Flow Prediction
Authors: Alqahtani Abdulrahman Saad , Ramakrishnan Jayabrabu , Saravanan M , H Abdul Shabeer , A Alavudeen Basha , P Parthasarathy , Mubarakali Azath
Published: August 2023

Vehicular networking in smart autonomous connected vehicle communications evolved with high mobility and due to high dynamics in an urban environment, new challenges are addressed by academicians and researchers for providing better support. Dynamic changes of vehicular nodes position, routing in Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) using existing traditional networking routing algorithms may not provide optimal solution for efficient communication. Also predicting or forecasting traffic flow in VANET can be improved through sharing traffic information in real-time using intelligent transportation systems. In this paper we proposed modified reinforcement learning algorithm that supports for optimal route identification for dynamically disconnected vehicles in urban environment by considering its previous state and predicts flow of traffic generated by vehicles in various time interval. Experimental result shows better performance in routing parameters like packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, latency and predicting traffic flow by proposed algorithms achieves significant accomplishments comparing to existing algorithms.
High-energy blunt traumatic vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula with retropharyngeal hematoma: A case report
Authors: Yoshihara Tomoyuki , Yamamura Natsumi , Okubata Hiroto , Saito Fukuki , Suyama Takehiro , Iwase Masaaki , Yoshiya Kazuhisa , Nakamori Yasushi , Kuwagata Yasuyuki
Published: August 2023

Background
We report a rare case of high-energy blunt traumatic vertebro-vertebral arteriovenous fistula (VV-AVF) with retropharyngeal hematoma (RH) following C2 vertebral fracture after a traffic accident. Although there is currently no established guideline to treat blunt traumatic VV-AVF, effective transarterial embolization to sacrifice the parent artery succeeded in complete obliteration of the VV-AVF with no ischemic complications.
Case presentation
A 74-year-old woman injured in a traffic accident was transferred to our hospital by ambulance. On arrival, she complained of neck pain and headache. Her respiration and circulation were stable. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a slight subarachnoid hemorrhage, cervical spinal fracture (C2), rib fracture, and thoracic spinal compression fracture. Contrast-enhanced CT showed suspected dissection of her right vertebral artery (VA) at the C2 level. The next day, extravasation from her right vertebral artery at the C2 level was suspected on magnetic resonance angiography, and a thick RH was revealed on a T2-weighted magnetic resonance image. The angiographic study indicated a diagnosis of a high-flow VV-AVF at the C2 level. Transarterial embolization with coils was performed to sacrifice the parent artery, and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injection significantly reduced flow through the fistula, which succeeded in completely obliterating the fistula at one month after the procedure.
Conclusions
VV-AVF caused by high-energy blunt trauma is extremely rare, but an upper cervical spine injury may trigger it, and RH may sometimes also occur. Transarterial coil embolization of the parent artery to completely obliterate the fistula is generally considered a reliable treatment in the acute stage. The current lack of a treatment guideline requires the accumulation of additional knowledge on the treatment of high-energy blunt traumatic VV-AVF.
Satisfaction and preference of medication delivery services among patients with chronic diseases attending primary care settings in Qatar during Covid 19 pandemic: A cross sectional study
Authors: Alam Muhammad Tanveer , Veettil Shajitha Thekke , Krishnan Jeyaram Illiayaraja , Alsalmi Reena Ghazi , Jacob Jinsy , Mousa Aly Tamer , Samah Auni Mesbah , Mahmood Shafqat
Published: August 2023

During the COVID-19 epidemic, due to high risk from travel and gathering in groups, the Ministry of public Health in Qatar decided to offer home delivery of medication. We aim to investigate the satisfaction and preference of patients with chronic diseases who have utilized the new home delivery services from Health Centers. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used exploratory questionnaire to assess the preference of patients in terms of delivery of their medications. Out of 656 participants, 98.78% of the patients suffer from chronic diseases. Males (54%) were slightly more than the females (46%) and most were University graduates (68%). Age wise 68% were over 40 with majority 35% 41–50 years. Around 72% took an average of 10–30 minutes to travel from home to the health center. Majority (62.65%) preferred face to face in the way the services were arranged and information provided, ease of contacting to provide services (55%), sorting out queries and problems (61%), complaints or concerns handled (59%), receiving the drugs without affecting the conditions of transportation and storage of medications (58%), the accuracy and completeness of supplies delivered (58%), the helpfulness and courtesy of the person delivering the medications (57%), the quality of services and advice received (59%). Majority felt face to face was more cost efficient than the home delivery service (64%). Overall, the views of patients regarding the home delivery services were generally positive, but some patients still held their preference of face-to-face interactions over certain aspects of the service provision. Costs have also been a concern after its introduction which needs to be addressed when considering future aspects of the service. This service may play a major role in the future to improve accessibility for the community and reduce unneeded visits to the health centers.
Assessment of stature in Iron Age populations of South Africa
Authors: Steyn Maryna
Published: August 2023

Worldwide and in South African Stone Age contexts, much research has been done on the relationship between stature of past populations and general well-being, as well as trends and patterns in stature through time. This research aimed at collating and assessing all available stature and long bone data for Bantu-speaker individuals living in the South African Iron Age. Data for only 25 female and 32 male individuals, dating from circa AD 550 to AD 1823, could be found. In general, methods used to reconstruct stature were inconsistent and data were poorly reported. From the available data, no clear trends or patterns in stature through time could be observed and stature seems to be on a par relative to those of early 20th century individuals. Recommendations are made as to which methods to use in stature estimations in this context. The data provided in this research can serve as reference material for future similar studies and can assist in interpreting individual stature estimations from bioarchaeological research in the region.
Multidimensional engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for improved vanillin synthesis
Authors: Mo Qiwen , Yuan Jifeng
Published: August 2023

Background Vanillin represents one of the most widely used flavoring agents in the world. However, microbial synthesis of vanillin is hindered by the host native metabolism that could rapidly degrade vanillin to the byproducts.
Results Here, we report that the industrial workhorse Saccharomyces cerevisiae was engineered by systematic deletion of oxidoreductases to improve the vanillin accumulation. Subsequently, we harnessed the reduced aromatic aldehyde reduction (RARE) yeast platform for de novo synthesis of vanillin from glucose. We investigated multiple coenzyme-A free pathways to improve vanillin production in yeast. The vanillin productivity in yeast was enhanced by multidimensional engineering to optimize the supply of cofactors (NADPH and S-adenosylmethionine) together with metabolic reconfiguration of yeast central metabolism. The final yeast strain with overall 24 genetic modifications produced 365.55 ± 7.42 mg l-1 under shake-flasks, which represents the highest vanillin titer from glucose achieved to date.
Conclusions The success of vanillin overproduction in budding yeast showcases the great potential of synthetic biology for the creation of suitable biocatalysts to meet the requirement in industry. Our work lays a foundation for the future implementation of microbial production of aromatic aldehydes in budding yeast.
Fiber Mesoporous Spherical Ni(OH) 2 @ g-C 3 N 4 Heterostructures with Amorphous Shell as Battery- type Capacitive Cathode Enable High-performance Hybrid Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Rui , Jang Won Young , Vijayalakshmi Mule , Kakarla Raghava Reddy , Shim Jaesool , Reddy Ch. Venkata
Published: August 2023

Ni(OH)2-based materials are widely concerned as advanced energy storage materials, but their poor cycle performance makes their practical application and commercialization slow. Herein, Ni(OH)2@g-C3N4 core-shell (crystal and amorphous) heterojunctions are synthesized. These heterojunctions enhance the specific surface area and ionic diffusion, especially the heterojunction formed by the amorphous shell shows more robust performance. It is found that this heterojunction mainly uses the fast reversible Faraday reaction of battery type as the primary energy storage mechanism. The as-prepared core-shell heterojunction showed nearly double specific capacitance and excellent cycle stability (578.54 F g-1 and 109.30% retentions after 5,000 cycles) over pristine Ni(OH)2 (285.75 F g-1 and 101.55% retentions after 5,000 cycles). Finally, an efficient hybrid supercapacitor is developed via Ni(OH)2@g-C3N4 //AC, which combines the advantages of the battery and supercapacitors. The hybrid supercapacitor device shows sparkled capacitance (311.83 F g-1) and striking cycle performance (84.33% retentions after 10,000 cycles). In particular, the energy density of 77.97 Wh kg-1 can still be provided while maintaining the power density of 1201.08 W kg-1. This emerging heterostructure offers new insight into Ni(OH)2-based materials in energy applications.
The effect of menstrual pain and symptoms on activities of daily living and on work absenteeism: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Leon-Larios Fatima , Silva-Reus Isabel , Martínez María José Puente , Roba Abel Renuncio , Martínez Eva Ibeas , Pascual Isabel Lahoz , Ratia Maria Cassia Naranjo , Conde Jose Cruz Quílez
Published: August 2023

Objective
To analyse the prevalence of menstrual pain in women of reproductive age, who use contraception methods or not, as well as its repercussion on their daily life and professional activities.
Methods
A cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted in July and August 2022. Phone interviews were carried out by means of a random system to select women aged between 15 and 49 years old. The questionnaire included sociodemographic variables, contraception method used and characteristics of the menstrual pattern (pain and bleeding amount), its influence on their working life and if they would need to resort to sick leaves due to the impairments arising from the menstrual symptoms.
Results
A total of 1,800 women representative of the Spanish population took part in this study. 72.6% of them report menstrual pain, with 45.9% requiring medication. 35.9% identify their menstrual bleeding as intense or very intense. 38.8% assert that menstrual discomforts affect their everyday life. 34.3% would have required not attending their work activities or having requested sick leave due to the discomforts, although only 17.3% of the women finally requested so, mainly because 58.4% considered that it might imply consequences in their professional environment, especially those with Higher Education. The women that report more discomforts are the youngest ones and those that resort to condoms as contraceptive method (p < 0.001).
Conclusions
Menstrual pain is a prevalent problem among women of reproductive age and can affect their everyday life and professional environment, requiring work leaves on some occasions.
Influence of eye movements on writing pressure during handwriting: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Suzuki Yumi , Fujii Hiromi
Published: August 2023

We are searching for a method to obtain stable writing pressure in patients with hemiplegia. So, this study aimed to investigate whether eye movements are involved in writing pressure during handwriting by healthy participants. A total of 28 healthy adults (2 men and 26 women, average age: 21.8 ± 0.6 years) were included in this study. The task was to draw 10 cm lines from left to right and from right to left 20 times. SensoMotoric Instruments Eye Tracking Glasses (SMI ETG) and an upper limb coordination evaluation system (TraceCoder, SYSNET Co. Ltd.) were used. Based on eye movement data, the participants were classified into “target locking type,” including those who kept looking at the goal from the start, and “close pursuit type,” including those who kept their eyes on the tip of the pen. The average writing pressure and change in the writing pressure per unit of time value were analyzed. The results showed that the amount of change in the writing pressure per unit of time value fluctuated greatly in the target locking type and was small in the close pursuit type. These findings suggest that eye movements affect writing pressure during line drawing.
Cryptocurrencies-tax evasion nexus: Does economic performance matter? The case of G-7 countries
Authors: Nawaz Allah Ditta , Bhutto Niaz Ahmed , Khan Shabeer
Published: August 2023

The global challenge of tax evasion presents a profound impact, leading to diminished tax revenues that are the lifeblood of a nation's seamless operations. This issue is exacerbated by the ingenious strategies employed by tax evaders, which distort economic performance benchmarks and create financial imbalances. Amidst these concerns, cryptocurrencies have emerged as a contentious subject, accused of abetting tax evasion. The covert nature of cryptocurrency transactions poses a significant hurdle for regulatory oversight and transaction recording. In response to this burgeoning concern, our comprehensive study delves into the intricate interplay between cryptocurrencies and tax evasion, utilizing annual data spanning from 2013 to 2020. With an extensive scope testing thirty two hypotheses and twelve interaction terms, our research unfurls the multifaceted dynamics at play. This study embarks by constructing a latest tax evasion index for the esteemed G-7 nations. Employing asymmetric/symmetric panel techniques, our investigation unveils a compelling revelation: cryptocurrencies exert a counteractive influence on instances of tax evasion. Furthermore, the nexus between economic performance and cryptocurrencies bears considerable sway over their correlation with tax evasion. Innovatively, our research charts the intricate relationship between tax evasion and cryptocurrencies across varying levels of economic performance. Notably, our findings underscore that Economic Freedom, Government Integrity, Government Spending, Business Freedom, Labor Freedom, Monetary Freedom, Investment Freedom, and Bureaucracy function as moderators, influencing the association between tax evasion and cryptocurrencies. These insights transcend academia, delivering significant implications to policymakers with informed guidance to devise nuanced strategies and policies.
Peripherally inserted central catheters can be an alternative to tunneled central venous catheters in chemotherapy for hematological and oncological pediatric patients
Authors: Kamata Yuko , Mizuno Yuki , Okamoto Kentaro , Okamoto Shota , Ito Yoshifumi , Nishigata Aya
Published: August 2023

Purpose
Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVs) are commonly used for pediatric chemotherapy. Recently, peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) have been used instead. Although PICC has the advantages of simpler insertion and fewer severe complications, there is little information on the efficacy of PICC compared to TCV in pediatric chemotherapy.
Methods
Patients, aged younger than 18 years, with primary malignancy who received chemotherapy with PICC or TCV at our institution from December 2007 to August 2022 were included in the study. We retrospectively compared PICC and TCV using medical records.
Results
Within the observation period, 133 catheters (73 PICCs and 60 TCVs) were inserted. The median indwelling time was 99 days for PICCs and 182 days for TCVs, with TCVs being significantly longer (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications, such as infections, thrombosis, obstruction, or mechanical accidents. Comparing patients treated with PICC (PICC group) versus those with TCV (TCV group), the time from diagnosis to insertion was significantly shorter in the PICC group (p < 0.001). In the PICC group, none of the patients required general anesthesia, and chemotherapy was completed with PICC only.
Conclusion
PICC can be an alternative to TCV in pediatric chemotherapy. (197 words)
Safety evaluation of a stepwise tracheostomy decannulation program in pediatric patients
Authors: Obayashi Juma , Fukumoto Koji , Yamoto Masaya , Miyake Hiromu , Nomura Akiyoshi , Kanai Risa , Nemoto Yuri , Tsukui Takafumi
Published: August 2023

Purpose In the event of failed tracheostomy decannulation, patients might have a tragic course of events. We retrospectively evaluated our stepwise tracheostomy decannulation program and examined its safety.Methods A 12-year retrospective study of pediatric patients was conducted. The decannulation program was performed on patients who had airway patency by laryngobronchoscopy and whose cannula could be capped during the day. A stepwise decannulation program was performed: continuous 48-hour capping trial during hospitalization (Phase 1), removal of the tracheostomy tube for 48 hours during hospitalization (Phase 2), and outpatient observation (Phase 3). If a persistent tracheocutaneous fistula existed, the fistula was closed by surgery (Phase 4).Results The 77 patients in the study underwent 86 trials. The age at the first time of the decannulation program was 6.5 ± 3.6 years old. Sixteen trials failed (18.6%): 8 trials in Phase 1, 2 trials in Phase 2, 4 trials in Phase 3, and 2 trials in Phase 4. Most decannulation failures were due to desaturation in Phase 1/2 and dyspnea in Phase 3/4. The time to reintubation after decannulation was 15–383 days in Phase 3/4.Conclusions Patients could fail at every phase of the program, suggesting that a stepwise decannulation program contributes to safety.
Kaistella yananensis sp. nov., a novel indoleacetic acid producing bacterium isolated from the root nodules of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels
Authors: Ai Jiamin , He Xiaolong , Ren Mingxia , Yu Tianfei , Liu Xiaodong , Jiang Yingying , Li Zhefei , Deng Zhenshan
Published: August 2023

A novel endophytic bacterium named BT6-1-3T was isolated from the root nodules of Sophora davidii (Franch.) Skeels growing in Yan’an, Shaanxi Province, China. Cells were Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive and did not produce H2S. Strain BT6-1-3T grew at 15–40℃ (optimum 30℃), at pH 6.0–10.0 (optimum pH 9.0) and with 0–1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0.5%). The quinone system was menaquinone 6. The major fatty acids present in BT6-1-3T were iso-C11:0, iso-C15:0 and C16:0. The G + C content of genomic DNA was 39.35 mol% by whole genome sequencing. According to the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, the closest relative was Kaistella montana WG4 (97.57%). The genome similarity was calculated using average nucleotide identity and genome-to-genome distance analysis. Both strongly supported that the strain BT6-1-3T belonged to the genus Kaistella as a representative of a new species. Based on phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data and physiological and biochemical characteristics, strain BT6-1-3T represents a new species of the genus Kaistella and is named as Kaistella yananensis sp. nov. Type strain is BT6-1-3T (= NBRC 115452T = CGMCC 1.60032T).