bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Quality Improvement in Meso-Scale Milling with Spindle Axial Directional Ultrasonic Vibration Assistance
Authors: Ko Jeong Hoon , Shaw Kah Chuan , Tan Sha Wei , Lin Rong Ming
Published: September 2012

So far, the industrial application of ultrasonic vibration assistance has been successful in continuous machining process such as turning process where ultrasonic vibration velocity is much higher than cutting velocity. Recently, vibration assistance has been experimentally investigated to the intermittent milling process mainly for feed and cross- feed directions. This paper focuses on the effect of ultrasonic vibration assistance in spindle axial direction for improvement of machined surface. With the designed ultrasonic vibration assisted milling process with 39.7 kHz and a few micro-meter amplitudes, workpiece vibrates along spindle axial direction while different RPMs and feed rates are applied. The axial directional vibration assistance acts as additional cutting motion which further reduces the leftover surface error. Experimental results validate that surface roughness can be improved from 20 % to 65 % for the tested conditions. Apparently chatter marks of the milling process are reduced with the help of the axial ultrasonic vibration assistance.
Effect of Different Dielectric Fluids on Micro EDM of Low Conductivity Ceramic Material RB-SiC
Authors: Liew Pay Jun , Yan Ji Wang , Masaki Takeshi , Kuriyagawa Tunemoto
Published: September 2012

The machining characteristics of reaction bonded silicon carbide (RB-SiC) in micro electrical discharge machining process were studied by using EDM oil, deionized water, and graphite fiber mixed EDM oil as the dielectric fluids. The process performances were measured in terms of material removal rate, surface roughness and surface topography. The effect of deionized water on SUS 304 also was tried and compared with that on RB-SiC. It was found that when graphite fiber mixed EDM oil was used, higher material removal rate, better surface finish and smoother surface topography were obtained compared to that pure EDM oil and deionized water on RB-SiC. Deionized water could produce better form accuracy, however, electrolytic corrosion occurred and small pits were formed around the machining area of RB-SiC. In contrast, electrolytic corrosion was insignificant for SUS 304.
Experimental Study on Cutting Performance in Micro-Grinding Hard Brittle Materials
Authors: Gong Ya Dong , Cheng Jun , Wu Zhi Zheng , Wang Chao , Zhang Jin Feng
Published: September 2012

The process of micro-grinding on hard brittle glass is shown in this paper, micro-grinding equipments are designed by tools of electroplated diamond, fz(feed rate), ap (grinding depth), vg(Grinding speed) in micro-grinding brittle materials and their effects to surface quality have been discussed. It has been demonstrated that low surface roughness could be achieved by high vg and low fz. The roughness of Soda-lime glass accomplished by fz:100μm/s, ap:30μm, vg:120000rpm in the experiment is about 78nm.
Atomic-Scale Grooving on Copper: End-Milling vs. Peripheral-Milling
Authors: Cui D.D. , Mylvaganam Kausala , Zhang Liang Chi
Published: September 2012

This paper investigates the high speed nano-grooving on mono-crystalline copper by nano-end-milling and nano-peripheral-milling. The molecular dynamics method was used for simulation. The milling forces and grooving quality were analysed in detail. The comparison showed that peripheral-milling requires a higher force, but the milled groove has a better quality. Nevertheless, both the milled groove subsurfaces are free of major dislocations.
Micro Milling for Polymer Materials Used in Prototyping of Microfluidic Chip Application
Authors: Ampara Aramcharoen , Shaw Kah Chuan Sean , Liu Kui
Published: September 2012

Micro milling is one of the processes that can be used in microfluidic devices fabrication. It has shown the capability for producing the freeform geometries, cost and time effectively. This paper presents the cutting strategies for micro milling process for an application of microfluidic device. The proposed strategies demonstrated the capability of micro milling process to fabricate microchannel and micropillar array from biocompatible polymer materials with good machined surface quality and high aspect ratio of up to three.
An Experimental Study of the Effect of Cutting Parameters on Micro Milling Process
Authors: Wu Bing , Li Huai Zhong , Wang Jun , Jing Xiu Bing
Published: September 2012

In micro milling, cutting parameters such as feed per tooth and cutting speed are found to have significant influence on cutting forces and surface quality. To address these issues, an experimental study of micro milling with three types of metal material (steel, brass and aluminium alloy) is conducted. The experiment setup and cutting conditions are described; the experiment results are presented with a discussion of the influence of various cutting parameters such as feed per tooth and tool diameter. These results are used to provide strategies to optimise cutting parameters and achieve better surface quality with the concern of tool diameter and material hardness when micro milling selected materials.
Determination of the Minimum Depth of Cut in Nanometric Machining Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Oluwajobi Akinjide , Chen Xun
Published: September 2012

The Minimum Depth of Cut (MDC) is a major limiting factor on achievable accuracy in nanomachining, because the generated surface roughness is primarily attributed to the ploughing process when the uncut chip thickness is less than the MDC. This paper presents an evaluation of a cutting process where a sharp diamond tool with an edge radius of few atoms acts on a crystalline copper workpiece. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results show the phenomena of rubbing, ploughing and cutting. The formation of chip occurred from the depth of cut thickness of 1-1.5nm.
A Non-Dimensional Analysis of Tool Edge Radius Effect on the Mechanics of Micromachining
Authors: Woon Keng Soon , Rahman Mustafizur , Liu Kui
Published: September 2012

The effect of tool edge radius on the mechanics of micromachining, both in terms of plasticity and tribology is significant. Through an experimental study, the responses of normalized process variables namely tool-chip contact length, deformed chip thickness and machining force were evaluated for varying relative tool sharpness. A non-dimensional analysis of the interrelationship among the process variables indicate a transformation in chip formation mechanism under an extreme condition is reported.
Study on the Simulation of Grinding Burn
Authors: Yu Tian Biao , Li Cong , Zhang Dong Xue , Wang Wan Shan
Published: September 2012

Grinding is often used as the final manufacturing method which is an important processing method. Its’ quality of parts surface will directly affect the life and strength of mechanical parts. Therefore, the quality of parts surface in grinding is particularly important to mechanical parts. In this paper, after the simplification of theoretical model of the parts, we can use software such as WORKBENCH and MATLAB to obtain the temperature field of grinding and numerical simulation in case of 45# steel. Subsequently, it also makes use of LS-DYNA to carry out micro-morphology’s simulation in the process of grinding. Then it can significantly verify the previous simulation’s results. We preliminarily obtain the mechanism of the grinding burn on parts surface. It also shows the concrete impact on temperature field with the changing of grinding parameters. Finally we can receive the method to minimize the grinding burn.
Study on Friction Coefficient between Carbon/Epoxy Composites and a Monocrystalline Diamond under Different Temperatures
Authors: Wang Ben , Gao Hang , Zhang Song Peng , Bao Yong Jie
Published: September 2012

The main source of heat generation during machining of carbon/epoxy composites is the friction among cutting tool, chip and workpiece. The friction coefficient between carbon/epoxy composites and a monocrystalline diamond under different temperatures was investigated. The results show that the friction coefficient between diamond and carbon/epoxy composites changes with the variation of temperature due to the change of properties of epoxy resin. The friction coefficient increases with the increasing temperature. However, when the temperature of workpiece was higher than the glass transition temperature of epoxy resin, the friction coefficient decreased.
Simulation of Temperature Field Induced in Localized Ultra-High Frequency Induction Brazing of Diamond Tools
Authors: Li Qi Lin , Xu Jiu Hua , Su Hong Hua , Fu Yu Can
Published: September 2012

Localized ultra-high frequency induction brazing is proposed to deal with the thermal deformation problem of brazed diamond tools. In order to investigate the temperature field distribution, the simulation model of induction brazing for solving the temperature field is described through the FLUX 2D software. The experiment is carried out to verify the numerical simulation result. Good agreement is observed between experimental value and simulation result. The influence factors on temperature field are investigated by the simulation software. Ultra-high frequency induction brazing with diamond grits is carried out based on the conditions given by simulation results. Good bonding between the diamond grits and the filler alloy is observed and the width of the brazed region is less than 3 mm.
Study of Acoustic System Characteristics of Ultrasonic Machining Based on Similarity Principle
Authors: Bian Ping Yan , Zhao Bo , Liu Zhe
Published: September 2012

Based on similarity principle, cutting modes of turning, milling, grinding etc are equivalent to three load forms of dot, line and face. And three different loads of dot, line and face are applied on the nano-ZrO2 workpiece by three different indenter models of dot, line and face. To one-dimensional ultrasonic vibration system, the influence is studied which is of different load forms and different load magnitudes on acoustic system characteristics of ultrasonic machining. The experimental results show that, the change of loads has little influence on the acoustic system parameters of ultrasonic machining when the load modes on the nano-ZrO2 workpiece are dot and line. And when the load mode is surface contact, the change of loads has significant influence on the acoustic system parameters of ultrasonic machining.
Experimental Research on the Abrasive Belt Grinding Titanium Alloy Blade of Aviation Engine
Authors: Chai Hua , Huang Yun , Zhao Yun , Zhang Xin Dong
Published: September 2012

In abrasive belt grinding Titanium alloy blade of aviation engine experiment, through the single factor experiment method, the influence of abrasive belt linear speed and work-piece feeding speed on the grinding quantity is discussed. The relationship between the clogging degree of abrasive belt and grinding time is analyzed. Then the influence of abrasive belt linear speed and work-piece feeding speed on the clogging degree of belt is discussed. The results indicate that when grinding time is 3 ~ 30 min or so, the clogging degree of belt does not change significantly. Therefore the grinding process is relatively stable.
Application of Automatic Ultrasonic Wall Thickness Measurement System in Nuclear Fuel Encrust Tube Billet Wall Abrasive Grinding
Authors: Huang Yun , Chen Yong Sheng , Wan Wei , Tang Cao Yong , Zhang Ming De
Published: September 2012

This paper introduces an automatic ultrasonic wall thickness measurement system, which adopts the way that the tube billet is partially immersed in the water during the measurement, applied in wall abrasive grinding of nuclear fuel encrust tube billet. Meanwhile, the main components of the measurement system, as well as their characters and functions, are addressed. What’s more, the analysis of the factors, which influencing the system stability and measuring reliability, are also conducted, coupling with the system stability and measuring reliability demonstration.
Effect of Off-Center Magnetization Location on Changes in Magnetic Fields under Single Spherical Hertzian Contact
Authors: Kida Katsuyuki , Uryu Megumi , Honda Takashi , Santos Edson Costa , Saruwatari Kenichi
Published: September 2012

Tribological failure of machine components, such as wear and flaking failure is caused by contact stress concentration. However, observation of stress under contact load is a difficult task. Non-destructive methods that can be related to contact conditions are necessary to study and understand the phenomena caused by the contact stresses. In the present work, a scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) equipped with a GaAs film sensor was used to observe the three-dimensional magnetic fields in a long square bar specimen (JIS-SUJ2) before and after contact tests at 196N. It was found that the changes in the three-dimensional magnetic fields caused by spherical Hertzian contact are not affected by the location of the magnetization point on the specimen's surface.
Estimation of Measurement Upper Limit in Deriving the Vibration Environmental Test Conditions by Bootstrap Method
Authors: Zhang Jian Jun , Sun Jian Yong , Li Ming , Chang Hai Juan
Published: September 2012

For deriving the vibration environmental test conditions of materiels in the limited field measured data, a bootstrap method is firstly employed to evaluate the upper tolerance limit of the vibration power spectral density (PSD). Firstly for the simulation data from the normal distribution, the bias-corrected bootstrap method and the bootstrap-t method are validated to attain the appropriate upper limits for the small sample data through comparing the evaluations with the true values. Secondly for the 10 and 90 flight measurements of some aircraft, the upper tolerance limits of vibration PSD have been estimated by the above method and the traditional computation methods of MIL-STD-810F and GJB126. The result shows the bootstrap method fits the actual vibration environment better than other two methods and it has a wide application in the determination of vibration test conditions based on the small field measure data.
A Research Development in Autocorrelation of Nonlinear Pseudorandom Sequences
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: September 2012

Nonlinear continuous value sequences have been widely used as pseudorandom sequences, but their autocorrelation rules make us puzzled. Yet the nonlinear continuous value sequences are neither same as the well known binary sequences, nor same as the well known noise sequences. So we have to find other effective methods to study the autocorrelation rules of nonlinear sequence. In this paper, we introduced a phase space method to study their autocorrelation rules, and some simple yet effective conclusions were reached to assess and improve their autocorrelation performances. Many simulations were presented, too.
A Simple USB Keyboard to Realize One-Way Communication
Authors: Dong Ming Xiao , Su Ming Tao , Qiu Lu Jiang , Lu Meng Meng , Tian Jun Ru , Zhu Cui Lan
Published: September 2012

The basic principles of USB peripheral interface of STM32 micro-controller is introduced, the main function of each file of the basic structure in standard peripheral library and USB firmware library are analyzed in this paper. The files of clock, interrupt, input/output are modified based on standard peripheral library of the STM32 micro-controller and examples in the USB firmware library to realize the keyboard input function. A report descriptor of the simple USB keyboard is added to the USB firmware library. A simple USB keyboard is designed to effectively realize the one-way communication between the USB keyboard and the computer.
Catching Data from Displayers by Machine Vision
Authors: Yao Li Feng , Ouyang Jian Fei
Published: September 2012

With the emergence of eHealth, the importance of keeping digital personal health statistics is quickly rising in demand. Many current health assessment devices output values to the user without a method of digitally saving the data. This paper presents a method to directly translate the numeric displays of the devices into digital records using machine vision. A wireless-based machine vision system is designed to image the display and a tracking algorithm based on SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is developed to recognize the numerals from the captured images. First, a local camera captures an image of the display and transfers it wirelessly to a remote computer, which generates the gray-scale and binary figures of the images for further processing. Next, the computer applies the watershed segmentation algorithm to divide the image into regions of individual values. Finally, the SIFT features of the segmented images are picked up in sequence and matched with the SIFT features of the ten standard digits from 0 to 9 one by one to recognize the digital numbers of the device’s display. The proposed approach can obtain the data directly from the display quickly and accurately with high environmental tolerance. The numeric recognition converts with over 99.2% accuracy, and processes an image in less than one second. The proposed method has been applied in the E-health Station, a physiological parameters measuring system that integrates a variety of commercial instruments, such as OMRON digital thermometer, oximeter, sphygmomanometer, glucometer, and fat monitor, to give a more complete physiological health measurement.
The Application of Image Processing Technology to Flow Discrimination from Float Flowmeters
Authors: Jin Lu Ting , Shen Yu Ming
Published: September 2012

A new method to get flow rate from a float flow meter automatically by image processing technique is put forward. Images of float flowmeters which are captured by a camera link are cropped, strengthened, filtered and binaried by certain pre-processings. Firstly, one-dimensional array is generated by the binary-picture. An accumulation by its columns and averaged the peak formed by the accumulation is made. Finally, the accurate position of the float can be recognized. Some simulation experiments show that the resolution of measurement by the image technique can be 1/10 of the minimum scale of glass float flowmeters. Some errors which include the angle of elevation and depression caused by cameras are discussed.
Application of Phase Division Based on Dissimilarity Index in Batch Process Monitoring
Authors: Jiang Li Ying , Xu Bao Jian , Xi Jian Hui , Fu Guo Xiu
Published: September 2012

An important feature of batch process data is that many batch processes have multiple phases. Many different phased-based monitoring methods had been proposed. The key question of those methods is how to divide the phases of batch process. However, PCA-based methods of phase division that identify phases by extracting the first principal component of each time slice lead easily to high misclassification. In order to overcome the shortcoming of PCA-based methods, a novel phase-division method based on dissimilarity index is proposed. In proposed division method, integral information of each time slice is used to divide phases. The phase-based PCA is built in each phase to monitoring Penicillin fermentation process in order to verify performance of proposed method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is able to detect process faults more prompt and accurate than single MPCA model.
Influence of Laser Heat Treatment on Fracture Strength of Ceramic Thin Film
Authors: Tanabe Hirotaka , Ogawa Keiji , Izumi Yui , Takamatsu Tohru , Nakagawa Heisaburo , Saraie Takuya , Gotoh Mitsuhiro , Hagino Hideki , Yamaguchi Takuto
Published: September 2012

In our previous study, it has been shown that improvement of the adhesive strength and substrate hardness of ceramic coated steels without compromising the film hardness can be achieved by applying laser quenching. In the present research, in order to demonstrate further development of this method, the fracture strength of laser-irradiated ceramic thin films (CrAlN, TiAlN and CrN) was investigated by sphere indentation testing. To prevent heat-induced changes in the substrate hardness, a cemented carbide WC-Co rather than steel was used as substrate material. While the fracture strength of each film decreased significantly through furnace heat treatment, it remained almost unchanged in case of the laser irradiated films. Laser quenching has been shown to effectively reduce the fracture strength loss of the ceramic thin films in coated steels.
Observation of Magnetic Fields in Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel JIS S45C under Point Contact Loading
Authors: Uryu Megumi , Kida Katsuyuki , Honda Takashi , Santos Edson Costa , Saruwatari Kenichi
Published: September 2012

In order to understand the phenomena caused by the contact stresses occurring within surface, non-destructive methods that can be related to contact conditions are necessary. The main purpose of this work is to study the relationship between magnetization location and direction, spherical Hertzian contact and changes in the magnetic field asymmetry. In the present work, we used a newly developed GaAs film sensor-equipped scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) and observed magnetic fields in tool steel plates before and after contact tests under 196N load, at room temperature in air. Medium carbon low alloy steels specimens (JIS S45C) were used in the experiments. Around the contact test area, changes in ‘S’ and ‘N’ poles generated by magnetization using a square magnet block were investigated.
Maximum Output Operation by Equivalently Field Weakening and Optimal Parameters of BLDC Motor
Authors: Yasuhiro Komatsu , Kadir Zawawi Syed Abdul , Araki Yoshihiko
Published: September 2012

Permanent-magnet brushless direct-current motors are easy to maintain, compared with direct-current motors. Therefore, they are attracting attention. In this paper, the authors discuss a non-salient pole brushless direct-current motors. Usually, the quadrature armature current which contributes to torque generation is supplied in this motor. But, in this case that the source voltage cannot be increased by supplying the direct armature current, that is, equivalently field weakening, a quadrature armature current can be increased. Consequently, the motor torque increases. In the case that the load characteristics are settled, the motor torque can have a maximum Tm by adjusting a direct armature current. At this time the rotational speed and output are maximum also. Tm changes with the change of the motor parameters. Consequently, the motor parameters which maximize Tm are optimal. In this paper, the authors have clarified an optimal parameter determination method considering by the load torque-speed characteristics and, armature resistance by the power factor, and efficiency where the motor has optimal parameters and generates the maximum output. Furthermore, the theory obtained has been confirmed experimentally by the authors.
Observation of Crack Initiation from Inclusions in Rolling Contact Fatigue Tested Specimens, Using a Newly Developed Single-Ball Testing Device
Authors: Hazeyama Shintaro , Rozwadowska Justyna , Kida Katsuyuki , Santos Edson Costa , Honda Takashi , Kanemasu Kenji , Shibukawa Takuya
Published: September 2012

In order to obtain experimental data to investigate the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation, an innovative rolling contact fatigue (RCF) machine was developed. Compared to the conventional thrust type RCF machine the new device enables more efficient RCF testing and observation of subsurface cracks. Experimental data and information on inclusions and micro-cracks were obtained through observation by a laser confocal microscope and comparison with stress analysis. The depth of detected crack initiation is strongly correlated with the stress distribution.
Model Design of Universal Open Intelligent Classroom Teaching Software
Authors: Yu Yan , Wang Jian Hua
Published: September 2012

This paper discusses the development of CAI and finds out the existing problems through the analysis of usage of teaching courseware in the class in the school education in China as well as the application of computer technology in current teaching. Meanwhile, it proposes the promotion of this universal open intelligent classroom teaching software in classroom teaching and a number of principles to follow in its design. Furthermore, the paper elaborates the model structure and detailed functions of each model of this software after full evaluation. The application of this universal open intelligent classroom teaching software will certainly improve teaching efficiency and enhance teaching effectiveness and teaching quality further.
Research on Intelligent Monitoring Mechanism of Heat Exchanger Operating Conditions
Authors: Jiang Xiao Mei , Wu Yong Xiang
Published: September 2012

For air conditioning and refrigeration, the security of heat exchanger is very important. Monitoring its operating conditions has been the concern of designer. In this paper, at first working state intelligent monitoring system frame was built using artificial neural network self-learning ability and adaptive performance, then on this basis adaptive monitoring and controlling methods of heat exchanger discussed which offer the theoretical foundation for the application of heat exchanger working state intelligent monitoring method and value important in practical use.
Influences of the Cutting Path about Machining Performance in Manufacturing Titanium Alloys Ti6Al4V Thin-Walled Components
Authors: Sun Chao , Sun Jie , Li Jian Feng
Published: September 2012

The difficult-to-machine property of titanium alloy has been on important subject in the field of manufacture, especially for the thin-walled structure. The material removal amount can reach 95% and even 98%. This paper applies the finite element method (FEM) to evaluate the process of machining. The influences of the different tool paths in rough machining frame structure is studied. The influence of the tool path on the dynamic characteristic in finish machining thin-walled frame structure is also investigated. As a result, the tool path in rough machining will influence the machining efficiency and tool life and influence the dynamic characteristics of thin-walled components in finish machining.
The Application and Research on Electronic Load
Authors: He Shi Chao , Kong Feng
Published: September 2012

At present，for the application of the fuzzy PID controller is analyzed in electronic load，this paper according to the shortcomings of the controller improved fuzzy neural PID controller, through the BP neural network to realize fuzzy function, the results shows that this method is feasible and efficient. Finally the method was simulated on MATLAB, the control effect of overshoot and time delay on the application of improved fuzzy neural PID control was confirmed better than the former methods.
Research on Extension-Fuzzy-Based Evaluation Used for Performance of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Jiang Xiao Mei , Wu Yong Xiang
Published: September 2012

This thesis introduces extension method and fuzzy mathematics; on the basis of matter-element theory, extension set theory and the correlation function, the membership of the performance classification and performance index of the heat exchanger make them dimensionless. The classic matter-element and section domain matter-element were constructed, and the establishment of extension fuzzy evaluation model of the heat exchanger performance level. Examples of application show that the method can truly reflect the actual performance of elevator operation.
Fixed Contact Surface Modal Analysis
Authors: Chu Cheng Chun , Wu Liang Sheng , Li Yuan Yuan , Xiao Yi Chuan , Zhang Bao Zhu
Published: September 2012

Finite element analysis software ANSYS analysis a combination sections beam which has contact surface and a integral model. Then find out the difference to identify the overall model and the parts beam dynamic differences. According to the result learn the contact surface how to influence the tools dynamic. It can offer theoretical and practical basis for design and structure optimization.
Safety Improving Technology for Finish Machining of Wing-Fuselage Joints
Authors: Liu Chu Hui
Published: September 2012

To avoid the security problem of finish machining of wing-fuselage joints, a safety improving method for finish machining of wing-fuselage joints during digital final assembly of aircraft is studied in this paper. Before formal cutting process, automatic accurate three-coordinate measurement of wing-fuselage joints is performed on spot by machining center with a touch trigger probe installed in the spindle. A cutting allowance evaluation model of wing-fuselage joint hole is put forward based on its measured data. If some wing-fuselage joints do not meet the security condition of finish machining, the fuselage posture must be realigned.
Dynamic Drawing Treatment of the Three-Bridge High-Pressure Waterjet Cutting Machine
Authors: Zhou Chang , Zhao De'an , Yang Hui Kang , Chen Bo
Published: September 2012

The multi-bridge high-pressure waterjet cutting machine greatly improved cutting efficiency, and also made one-off processing of large workpiece possible. In order to further improve the efficiency of this system, this paper have put forward a drawing treatment—using ObjectARX development kit to do secondary development of AutoCAD drawing. Through customized menu commands of AutoCAD to call ObjectARX application, thus achieve automatic drawing segmentation, namely assigned equivalent workload as possible for each cutting head to increase the simultaneous work time of cutting heads and improve efficiency. At last, experiments were taken to verify the feasible of this method.
Design of the Tooth Profile of a Full Conjugate Helical Gear Pump
Authors: Zhang Mao Qing , Zhang Shao Ying , Wei Wen Jun , Li Hai Tao
Published: September 2012

In this paper, the tooth profile of a kind of full conjugate helical gear pump was designed. The tooth profile of each of the gears is composed of three curves which are an addendum arc, an involute and a dedendum curve. The dedendum curve of one gear is the conjugate curve of the addendum arc of the other gear. The addendum arc and the dedendum curve are joined tangentially by an involute. The equations of the curves were deduced by using differential geometry. The ranges of parameters in these equations were also obtained. The meshing characteristics of the gears were analyzed. Two gears transmit continuously with a fixed ratio. Two gears engage each other point by point continuously along the entire profile and formed a continuous space meshing curve. The trapping oil phenomenon could be eliminated and the sealing property could be better than conventional involute gear pumps. The results of calculation and analysis of an application example showed the theoretical analysis and the practicability of the design were valid.
Design and Modeling of Electric Assistance Power Steering System
Authors: Wang Hui Jun , Li You De
Published: September 2012

In order to deign an electric assistance power steering system (EPS), in this thesis, after analysis the dynamics of EPS system, a model of EPS System is established, and combined with the characteristic of EPS system, a PID controller with emendation function in series is designed. From the test result, this control strategy with the arithmetic, can be found, have made a good effect for lighten the handle force and heighten the return back at middle position.
Microstructure and Rolling Contact Fatigue Strength of Induction Heated AISI 52100 Bearings
Authors: Santos Edson Costa , Kida Katsuyuki , Rozwadowska Justyna , Honda Takashi , Mizobe Koshiro , Shibukawa Takuya
Published: September 2012

In the present work the microstructure and the rolling contact fatigue properties of induction heated AISI 52100 bearings are investigated. The bearings were heat treated by using a flat coil at 30 kW power and 60 kHz frequency, cooled with water and subsequently tempered for 1 hour at 180 °C. The hardness at the surface of the material was close to 900 HV0.3kgf/15s. The hardening depth of the induction heated sample was higher than 5 mm. The retained austenite content was around 18% at the surface and decreases along with the depth. The samples were rolling contact fatigue (RCF) tested up to 107 and 4.5x107 cycles, at Hertzian stress 4 GPa. No flaking failure was observed on the bearing races. For tests up to 107 cycles the track size was around 690 um and this remained unchanged up to 4.5x107 cycles. The residual stresses at the material surface before testing were close to zero and became highly compressive after the RCF testing. Stress induced transformation occurred at the surface and the retained austenite content after testing reached around 10%. Induction heating was successfully applied to induce martensitic transformation in AISI 52100 steel and the bearings showed very high fatigue strength under rolling contact.
Design of Driving Circuit of GDI Injector and Experiment Verification
Authors: Zhou Dao Feng , Yu Xiu Min , Bao Long , Zhao Li Feng , Qi Wan Qiang
Published: September 2012

In order to precisely control the injection responsivity of the Gasoline Direct Injection（GDI）engine，a higher requirement of the injector drive circuit should be achieved[5]. This paper introduces a new design of driving circuit for the injector of the EA888 engine. the thesis creates a simulation model of BOOST converter circuit using multisim simulation tool, Simulation results show that voltage ripple is less than 10%.The characteristics of GDI injector are measured and analyzed , the feasibility of the driving circuit is verified.
Simulation Study of Harmonic Compensation Device Based on Combination of FC-TCR and TSC for Drilling Rigs
Authors: Lu Mao Zeng , Ma Xi Geng , Xu Jun Tao , Han Chang Zhong , Liu Meng
Published: September 2012

To solve the problem of high reactive power consumption and serious harmonic pollution of the drilling rigs, a hybrid filter device based on a combination of FC-TCR and TSC was studied. Use open loop control, take reactive power as control signal, switch capacitor at voltage’s peak and use piecewise linear method to get reactor’s firing angle. Through MATLAB/SIMULINK, compensation scheme was simulated. Simulation results verified its effectiveness and validity, and it has an important guiding significance on the development of actual devices.
Design and Manufacture of Double-Ring Deployable Truss
Authors: Dai Lu , Guan Fu Ling
Published: September 2012

To improve stiffness and strength of the deployable antenna truss and to keep the total weight and volume from increasing as caliber increases, this paper presents a new kind of deployable antenna truss with double-ring composed of hexahedrons. Numerical simulation was made by self-programming software and a scaled model of 4.2-meter diameter was designed and manufactured, which demonstrate the developability of double-ring deployable antenna truss. In addition, frequency analysis and experiment was taken to make sure of stiffness of the truss.
Design and Research on Constant Tension Controller in Electric Power Transmission
Authors: Yao Yun Ping , Qiu Chu Ran , Cao Zeng Zhao
Published: September 2012

In order to improve the characteristic and control strategy in transmission lines, a tension stringing mathematical model was established which analyzed the multiple disturbance factors of tension. According to the tension control principle of hydraulic system and the influence of different factors, a control method of constant tension adapted to the system was proposed based on pressure regulating plan. By simulation, the modified tension control system enhanced the dynamic response characteristic and stability effectively, which can realize the ideal constant tension control.
Characteristics of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer from Sintered Surfaces
Authors: Wen Mao Yu , Ho Ching Yen , Jang Kang Jang
Published: September 2012

This study investigated the effect of design parameters on pool boiling heat transfer on the sintered surfaces of a tube. The pool boiling experiments were conducted in saturated, deionized and degassed water. Data were taken at an atmospherical pressure and a fixed heat flux of 41,000 . In the experimentation, the effects of the sintering pressure, sintering time, sintering temperature, heating rate, and particle size on the boiling heat-transfer coefficient of the sintered surface were investigated using the Taguchi method, and an orthogonal array table was selected as an experimental plan for some parameters mentioned above. Based on the results of SN (signal/noise) ratio and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), the optimal conditions of specifications of parameters will be provided. It was found that all the chosen sintering factors have significant effects on the pool boiling heat transfer coefficient. Optimum pool boiling heat transfer coefficient of 5.29 was achieved with a sintering pressure of 2 atmospheres, a sintering time of 2 hr, a sintering temperature of 900 °C, a heating rate of 5 °C/min and a particle size of 0.35 mm in a nitrogen container.
Homology Applied to Characterization of Welded Grain Structures in Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Nakane Kazuaki , Honda Takashi , Santos Edson Costa , Kida Katsuyuki
Published: September 2012

In the present work, organization of grains within the weld zone in SS400 low carbon steel is investigated. A classification method based on the concept of topological quantity is proposed to investigate the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the center of the weld metal zone (WMZ). The image of each area includes various grains. By using the conventional image analysis techniques, we can analyze the distribution of its size. However, it is difficult to capture the structure of each. In addition, analyzing each grain does not mean the elucidation of the whole. By calculating the average amount of homology of the grains, we make a distinction in these areas quantitatively.
A Novel File-Level Continuous Data Protection System
Authors: Han Si , Yao Wen Bin , Liu Bo Shi , Wang Cong
Published: September 2012

Continuous Data Protection is a data recovery method which can protect file systems against malicious attacks or users’ mistakes. This paper proposes BCFBS (BUPT Continuous File Backup System): a continuous data protection architecture at file level. Compared with other approaches, it uses caching technique to protect the consistence between file versions, thereby speeding up both the backup of file version and space recycling. Furthermore, BCFBS combines techniques of filter the type of file, adjusting the frequency of the backup of file with incremental backup to make up the storage waste default of traditional CDP. Experimental results demonstrate that BCFBS can save storage space by 50%.
Risk Evaluation of Failure Mode Using Fuzzy AHP and Variable Weight Synthesizing
Authors: Zhang Shu Zhong , Zeng Qin Da
Published: September 2012

Aiming at the most critically debated disadvantage of risk evaluation of failure mode using traditional RPN (Risk Priority Number), that the degree of failure severity isn’t accurately evaluated and the three risk factors are assumed to be equally important. The method, risk evaluation of failure mode using fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and variable weight synthesizing is put forward. The model is separated into two layers. Firstly, according to the production loss, repair costs, safety affection and environment impact, fuzzy mathematics, AHP and encouragement variable weight synthesizing are introduced into the quantitative evaluation of failure severity to improve its accuracy and objectiveness. Then, via severity, occurrence, and detection, encouragement variable weight and AHP are used for failure mode risk evaluation to make evaluation results closer to the reality. At last, an example is provided to illustrate the potential applications of the proposed model and the detailed computational process is presented. And the result shows the accuracy and objectiveness can be improved by the proposed model.
Design of Control System Used for Cells Cascaded Multilevel Converter Based on TMS320F2407
Authors: Xu Jun Tao , Ma Xi Geng , Lu Mao Zeng , Han Chang Zhong , Liu Meng
Published: September 2012

Because of its advantages, such as low input and output harmonics, high input power factor and efficiency, cells cascaded multi-level converter is widely used in the field of variable voltage and variable frequency control. Through the analysis of the multi-level converter’s structure and its PWM (Pulse Wavelength Modulation) control theory, a new structure of control system based on TMS320F2407 DSP was proposed. The control system structure and components of the central system and subsystem are given in this paper. SPWM control was achieved and multi-level PWM inverter output waveforms were produced. The results show that this type of multi-level inverter has superior performance.
Quenching of Ceramic Coated Steels by Scanning Laser
Authors: Tanabe Hirotaka , Ogawa Keiji , Izumi Yui , Saraie Takuya , Gotoh Mitsuhiro , Hagino Hideki , Yamaguchi Takuto
Published: September 2012

In our previous study, it has been shown that improvement of the adhesive strength and substrate hardness of ceramic coated steels without compromising the film hardness can be achieved by applying laser quenching. In the present research, in order to quench a larger area of ceramic coated steel uniformly and efficiently, a high power diode laser equipped with a galvano-scanner unit was used in the laser heat treatment process. The scanning laser irradiation conditions to achieve uniformly quenched substrates without any surface damage were investigated for 3 kinds of ceramic-coated steels: CrAlN, TiAlN and CrN. The film hardness and adhesive strength of the laser irradiated regions were evaluated. It is shown that scanning laser quenching after coating effectively improved the mechanical properties for larger area of ceramic-coated steels.
Investigation into Different Tool Coating performance While Turning Al6061
Authors: Davoudinejad Ali , Ashrafi Sina Alizadeh , Barzani Mohsen Marani
Published: September 2012

Cutting tool material technology in recent years has made great strides with substantial improvements in their strength, toughness, and wears resistance, which are designed to increase productivity, improve tool selection and aid to decrease costs and promote machining quality. This investigation presents the effect of various cutting speeds in turning of Al6061 with respect to different coatings. Experiments carried out under orthogonal dry cutting, and two different cutting speeds applied which were 250, 500 m/min. Feed rate and depth of cut kept constant respectively at 0.05 mm/rev and 0.5 mm in experiments. Three different carbide cutting tools have been used namely CVD tri-phase multilayer TiC/TiCN/TiN coated, PVD TiN coated and CVD TiC/Al2O3 coated. Tool performance was determined with respect to tool wear and surface finish in tests. Results obtained that tri-phase coated illustrated longest tool life, however best surface finish achieved by TiN coated tool. In addition adhered material which mainly formed in CVD tri-phase TiC/TiCN/TiN and TiC/Al2O3 coated tools, at higher cutting speed deteriorated surface finish in comparison to lower cutting speed.
Gripping Stability to Assess Aesthetical Shape: A PET Bottle Case Study
Authors: Widiyati Khusnun , Aoyama Hideki
Published: September 2012

The purpose of this research is to develop a system for gripping assessment of aesthetic shape without real subjects and physical mockups. The assessment for stable gripping was performed on the basis of the amount of moment of force working in the hand. In the previous work, we developed aesthetic system which able to generate various aesthetic shapes based on the designer aesthetic intention. However, products with the aesthetic shape designs should also enable user to achieve stable grip. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a function of evaluating “stable gripping” for aesthetic design. The gripping assessment function estimates the possible gripping position on the aesthetic model, and then an estimation of “stable of gripping” is performed by computing the amount of moment of force working in the hand.
Accurate Measurement of CTE of Aluminum Alloy 7050-T7451 and the Impact on Thermal Deformation Analysis
Authors: Sun Fu Lai , Sun Jie , Li Jian Feng , Song Liang Yu , Luo Yu Guo
Published: September 2012

Linear expansion coefficient (CTE) is one of the important thermal parameters for materials, which has a great influence on the thermal deformation analyzing. Thermal Mechanical Analysis (TMA) is adopted to measure the CTE of pre-stretched aluminum alloy sheet 7050-T7451 in three vertical directions. The mathematical functions of CTE of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 are established, which is with three directions and reflect the influence of the temperature. A comparison between the accurate CTE data and the CTE from reference is carried out .The reason of the CTE variation of aluminum 7050-T7451 with temperature also been explained qualitatively.
Design of Railway Journal Box Embedded with FBG Sensor to Monitor Temperature and Acoustic Emission Signal
Authors: Yoon Hyuk Jin , Park Myung Jun , Kim Jung Seok , Park Jung Jun
Published: September 2012

Railway journal box is designed to monitor the temperature and acoustic emission signal from the axle continuously. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors are embedded inside of the journal box cover. Three types of journal box cover are designed such as front elbow coupler type, side hose type and side coupler type. Sensors and optical fiber are located on the predetermined positions engraved inside of the cover. Optical fiber egresses out of the surface and is protected in the protection tube. Among the three types of journal box cover, the side coupler model could be used most effectively.
FIR Filter Design Using Modified Lanczos Window Function
Authors: Samad Md. Abdus , Uddin Jia , Ahmed Md. Razu
Published: September 2012

Attenuated side lobe peak in the range of around ~-45dB is required in many applications of signal processing and measurements. However, the problem is usual window based FIR filter design lies in its side lobes amplitudes that are higher than the requirement of application. We propose a modified Lanczos window function by heuristic by examining the Lanczos window, which has better performance like equiripple, minimum side lobe compared to the several commonly used windows. The proposed window has slightly larger main lobe width of the commonly used Hamming window, while featuring 5.1~18.5 dB smaller side lobe peak. The proposed modified Lanczos window maintains its maximum side lobe peak about -55.2~-51.9 dB compared to -39~-36.7 dB of Hamming window for M=10~14, while offering roughly equal main lobe width. Our simulated results also show significant performance upgrading of the proposed modified Lanczos window compared to the Kaiser, Gaussian, and Lanczos windows. The proposed modified Lanczos window also shows better performance than Dolph-Chebyshev window. Finally, the example of designed low pass FIR filter confirms the efficiency of the proposed modified Lanczos window.
Shaping the Ship Yaw Response by the State-Space Feedback Gain
Authors: Fraga Ramzi , Liu Sheng
Published: September 2012

Ship autopilots are usually designed based on PID controller because of the simplicity and the ease of construct. However its performance in various environmental conditions is not as good as desired. This disadvantage can be decreased by designing a linear state space feedback controller. This paper presents the utility of the state-space feedback controller to stabilize the system and shaping its response as desired. The simulation results for a 4DOF ship with real parameters show the effectiveness of the feedback controller in comparison with ordinary PID ship autopilots.