bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gender equity in hiring: examining the effectiveness of a personality-based algorithm
Authors: Kubiak Emeric , Efremova Maria I. , Baron Simon , Frasca Keely J.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Gender biases in hiring decisions remain an issue in the workplace. Also, current gender balancing techniques are scientifically poorly supported and lead to undesirable results, sometimes even contributing to activating stereotypes. While hiring algorithms could bring a solution, they are still often regarded as tools amplifying human prejudices. In this sense, talent specialists tend to prefer recommendations from experts, while candidates question the fairness of such tools, in particular, due to a lack of information and control over the standardized assessment. However, there is evidence that building algorithms based on data that is gender-blind, like personality - which has been shown to be mostly similar between genders, and is also predictive of performance, could help in reducing gender biases in hiring. The goal of this study was, therefore, to test the adverse impact of a personality-based algorithm across a large array of occupations.

Method

The study analyzed 208 predictive models designed for 18 employers. These models were tested on a global sample of 273,293 potential candidates for each respective role.

Results

Mean weighted impact ratios of 0.91 (Female-Male) and 0.90 (Male-Female) were observed. We found similar results when analyzing impact ratios for 21 different job categories.

Discussion

Our results suggest that personality-based algorithms could help organizations screen candidates in the early stages of the selection process while mitigating the risks of gender discrimination.
The item position effects in international examinations: the roles of gender
Authors: Sideridis Georgios , Hamed Hailah , Jaffari Fathima
Published: August 2023

The goal of the present study was to evaluate the roles of item position in terms of item difficulty levels in the assessment of aptitude. Using data from a National Examination in Saudi Arabia, the item position effect was evaluated as a teacher licensure test (GTLT) was administered using five different forms with the same items appearing in a different order. Results indicated minuscule in magnitude position effects estimates, overall, with initially 11.1% of the tests being significant but all of them failing to reach significance using the Holm–Bonferroni’s and Sidak corrective procedures. With regard to gender, item position effects emerged in 47.6% of the tests after adjusting the level of significance using the Sidak correction. Interestingly, the direction of effect was consistent so that in 87% of the significant gender comparisons, item position effects were in the direction where females were spending more time on items when they appeared in later positions on the test compared to males. Assuming that items appearing later on the test are likely more difficult, the present findings suggest a profile of deep processing and active engagement in females when facing achievement tests.
Predictors for runaway behavior in adolescents in South Korea: national data from a comprehensive survey of adolescents
Authors: Kim Hyung Ran , Moon So-Hyun
Published: August 2023

Background

Runaway behavior is reported to impede the growth, mental health development, and social adjustment of adolescents. Exposure to harmful media causes problematic behaviors in adolescents, sometimes inducing them to run away from home.

Methods

This study examined the factors influencing adolescents’ runaway behavior. Utilizing the data of 11,354 adolescents from the Survey of Media Usage and Harmful Environment among Adolescents, a hierarchical logistic regression analysis was conducted using the SPSS 24.0 program.

Results

The significant predictors of runaway behavior were the grade of the adolescent, deviant behaviors (drinking, smoking), autonomous control ability, relationship with family, and harmful media (p < 0.001). This regression model explained 13.1% of the variance in runaway behavior. A significant outcome of this study is that harmful media was identified as one of the factors affecting adolescents’ runaway behavior. Adjusted OR and 95% CI of harmful media was 1.23 (1.10–1.38).

Conclusion

This study showed that individual, family, social factors, and harmful media influence adolescents’ runaway behavior. The results emphasize the importance of health teachers and the need for early intervention programs, for the identification and prevention of risk factors for adolescents’ runaway behavior.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Jiang Yuwei , Dang Wenjun , Nie Hong , Kong Xiangying , Jiang Zhimei , Guo Jin
Published: August 2023

This systematic review aims to offer an updated understanding of the relationship between omega-3 supplementation and/or vitamin D and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Vip, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Database databases were searched using keywords, and relevant literature was hand-searched. Papers (n = 1,151) were systematically screened and deemed eligible since 2002. Twenty clinical controlled studies were included in the final review. The findings were analyzed for intervention effects focusing on the core symptoms of ASD, included social functioning, behavioral functioning, speech function and biomarkers changes. The review found that the effects of omega-3 supplementation on ASD were too weak to conclude that core symptoms were alleviated. Vitamin D supplementation improved core symptoms, particularly behavioral functioning, however, the results of the literatures included in this study were slightly mixed, we cannot directly conclude that vitamin D supplementation has a beneficial effect on a specific symptom of ASD, but the overall conclusion is that vitamin D supplementation has a positive effect on behavioral functioning in ASD. Omega-3 and vitamin D combination supplementation has a good combined effect on social and behavioral outcomes in patients with ASD.
Use Medicines Safely—Even If They Taste Like Candy!
Authors: de Castro Tázia Lopes , de Barros Giovana Aparecida , Saldanha Tainá Freitas , Sforsin Andrea Cássia Pereira , Pinto Vanusa Barbosa , Campesatto Eliane Aparecida , Falcão Maria Alice Pimentel
Published: August 2023

Sometimes in life, we can get sick and feel badly—maybe a headache, fever, or other uncomfortable symptoms—and sometimes we need to use a medicine to feel better. Medicines can often taste sweet, have bright colors, or even look like candy. But be careful, medicines are certainly not candy! They are powerful substances capable of curing, treating, and preventing diseases. If we do not use medicines properly, they can be very dangerous or even kill us. That is why it is important to keep medicines in safe places, away from children and animals, and use them only under adult supervision. The best way to practice medicine safety is to learn as much as possible about our medicines and follow the recommendations of our healthcare professionals.
Development of lateral flow assays to detect host proteins in cattle for improved diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis
Authors: Khalid Hamza , Pierneef Louise , van Hooij Anouk , Zhou Zijie , de Jong Danielle , Tjon Kon Fat Elisa , Connelley Timothy K. , Hope Jayne C. , Corstjens Paul L. A. M. , Geluk Annemieke
Published: August 2023

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection in cattle, is an economically devastating chronic disease for livestock worldwide. Efficient disease control measures rely on early and accurate diagnosis using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), followed by culling of positive animals. Compromised performance of TST and IGRA, due to BCG vaccination or co-infections with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), urges improved diagnostics. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) utilizing luminescent upconverting reporter particles (UCP) for quantitative measurement of host biomarkers present an accurate but less equipment- and labor-demanding diagnostic test platform. UCP-LFAs have proven applications for human infectious diseases. Here, we report the development of UCP-LFAs for the detection of six bovine proteins (IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, CCL4, CXCL9, and CXCL10), which have been described by ELISA as potential biomarkers to discriminate M. bovis infected from naïve and BCG-vaccinated cattle. We show that, in line with the ELISA data, the combined PPDb-induced levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, CCL4, and CXCL9 determined by UCP-LFAs can discriminate M. bovis challenged animals from naïve (AUC range: 0.87–1.00) and BCG-vaccinated animals (AUC range: 0.97–1.00) in this cohort. These initial findings can be used to develop a robust and user-friendly multi-biomarker test (MBT) for bTB diagnosis.
Studying the DNA damage response pathway in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, a necessary step for finding targets to generate new therapies to treat cancer in dogs
Authors: Hernández-Suárez Beatriz , Gillespie David A. , Dejnaka Ewa , Kupczyk Piotr , Obmińska-Mrukowicz Bożena , Pawlak Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

Background

Dogs present a significant opportunity for studies in comparative oncology. However, the study of cancer biology phenomena in canine cells is currently limited by restricted availability of validated antibody reagents and techniques. Here, we provide an initial characterization of the expression and activity of key components of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) in a panel of hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, with the use of commercially available antibody reagents.

Materials and methods

The techniques used for this validation analysis were western blot, qPCR, and DNA combing assay.

Results

Substantial variations in both the basal expression (ATR, Claspin, Chk1, and Rad51) and agonist-induced activation (p-Chk1) of DDR components were observed in canine cancer cell lines. The expression was stronger in the CLBL-1 (B-cell lymphoma) and CLB70 (B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cell lines than in the GL-1 (B-cell leukemia) cell line, but the biological significance of these differences requires further investigation. We also validated methodologies for quantifying DNA replication dynamics in hematopoietic canine cancer cell lines, and found that the GL-1 cell line presented a higher replication fork speed than the CLBL-1 cell line, but that both showed a tendency to replication fork asymmetry.

Conclusion

These findings will inform future studies on cancer biology, which will facilitate progress in developing novel anticancer therapies for canine patients. They can also provide new knowledge in human oncology.
Using Epidemiological Models to Predict the Spread of Information on Twitter
Authors: Castiello Matteo , Conte Dajana , Iscaro Samira
Published: August 2023

In this article, we analyze the spread of information on social media (Twitter) and purpose a strategy based on epidemiological models. It is well known that social media represent a strong tool to spread news and, in particular, fake news, due to the fact that they are free and easy to use. First, we propose an algorithm to create a proper dataset in order to employ the ignorants–spreaders–recovered epidemiological model. Then, we show that to use this model to study the diffusion of real news, parameter estimation is required. We show that it is also possible to accurately predict the evolution of news spread and its peak in terms of the maximum number of people who share it and the time when the peak occurs trough a process of data reduction, i.e., by using only a part of the built dataset to optimize parameters. Numerical results based on the analysis of real news are also provided to confirm the applicability of our proposed model and strategy.
Psychometric Results of a New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure for Uveal Melanoma Post-Brachytherapy Treatment: The PROM-UM
Authors: Weis Ezekiel , Jiang Jing , Skalet Alison H. , Shields Carol L. , Crump R. Trafford
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new patient-reported outcome instrument intended for use with patients who have undergone brachytherapy for uveal melanoma (PROM-UM). Classical test theory and item response theory were used to evaluate the performance of individual items and domains. A convenience sample of 439 participants who had undergone brachytherapy for uveal melanoma from one of three North American ocular oncology treatment centers were included in this cross-sectional study. Exploratory factor analysis identified three domains which were labelled “Symptom Impairment”, “Worry”, and “Discomfort”. The acceptability of the instrument was supported by little missing data (range = 0.00–1.14%) and low maximum endorsement (range = 0.00–1.82%). Item-total (range = 0.68–0.85) and inter-item (range = 0.74–0.80) correlations indicated acceptable reliability. Discrimination and difficulty were assessed using item response theory. Items in all three domains indicated moderate to very high discrimination (range = 1.00–4.10). Two items in the Symptom Impairment domain were too difficult to measure. Response ranges in the other two domains demonstrated acceptable difficulty. These results from the study indicate that this new patient-reported outcome instrument can be used with patients treated with brachytherapy for uveal melanoma. Providers could use this instrument to help inform post-treatment management.
Impact of H&E Stain Normalization on Deep Learning Models in Cancer Image Classification: Performance, Complexity, and Trade-Offs
Authors: Madusanka Nuwan , Jayalath Pramudini , Fernando Dileepa , Yasakethu Lasith , Lee Byeong-Il
Published: August 2023

Accurate classification of cancer images plays a crucial role in diagnosis and treatment planning. Deep learning (DL) models have shown promise in achieving high accuracy, but their performance can be influenced by variations in Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining techniques. In this study, we investigate the impact of H&E stain normalization on the performance of DL models in cancer image classification. We evaluate the performance of VGG19, VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNet, Xception, and InceptionV3 on a dataset of H&E-stained cancer images. Our findings reveal that while VGG16 exhibits strong performance, VGG19 and ResNet50 demonstrate limitations in this context. Notably, stain normalization techniques significantly improve the performance of less complex models such as MobileNet and Xception. These models emerge as competitive alternatives with lower computational complexity and resource requirements and high computational efficiency. The results highlight the importance of optimizing less complex models through stain normalization to achieve accurate and reliable cancer image classification. This research holds tremendous potential for advancing the development of computationally efficient cancer classification systems, ultimately benefiting cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Nanomedicine Strategies for Targeting Tumor Stroma
Authors: Su Mei-Chi , Nethi Susheel Kumar , Dhanyamraju Pavan Kumar , Prabha Swayam
Published: August 2023

The tumor stroma, or the microenvironment surrounding solid tumors, can significantly impact the effectiveness of cancer therapies. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by high interstitial pressure, a consequence of leaky vasculature, and dense stroma created by excessive deposition of various macromolecules such as collagen, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid (HA). In addition, non-cancerous cells such as cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the extracellular matrix (ECM) itself can promote tumor growth. In recent years, there has been increased interest in combining standard cancer treatments with stromal-targeting strategies or stromal modulators to improve therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, the use of nanomedicine, which can improve the delivery and retention of drugs in the tumor, has been proposed to target the stroma. This review focuses on how different stromal components contribute to tumor progression and impede chemotherapeutic delivery. Additionally, this review highlights recent advancements in nanomedicine-based stromal modulation and discusses potential future directions for developing more effective stroma-targeted cancer therapies.
Imaging Correlates between Headache and Breast Cancer: An [18F]FDG PET Study
Authors: Antunovic Lidija , Artesani Alessia , Viganò Alessandro , Chiti Arturo , Santoro Armando , Sollini Martina , Morbelli Silvia D. , De Sanctis Rita
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine brain metabolic patterns on [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in breast cancer (BC), comparing patients with tension-type headache (TTH), migraine (MiG), and those without headache. Further association with BC response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was explored. In this prospective study, BC patients eligible for NAC performed total-body [18F]FDG PET/CT with a dedicated brain scan. A voxel-wise analysis (two-sample t-test) and a multiple regression model were used to compare brain metabolic patterns among TTH, MiG, and no-headache patients and to correlate them with clinical covariates. A single-subject analysis compared each patient’s brain uptake before and after NAC with a healthy control group. Primary headache was diagnosed in 39/46 of BC patients (39% TTH and 46% MiG). TTH patients exhibited hypometabolism in specific brain regions before NAC. TTH patients with a pathological complete response (pCR) to NAC showed hypermetabolic brain regions in the anterior medial frontal cortex. The correlation between tumor uptake and brain metabolism varied before and after NAC, suggesting an inverse relationship. Additionally, the single-subject analysis revealed that hypometabolic brain regions were not present after NAC. Primary headache, especially MiG, was associated with a better response to NAC. These findings suggest complex interactions between BC, headache, and hormonal status, warranting further investigation in larger prospective cohorts.
High G9a Expression in DLBCL and Its Inhibition by Niclosamide to Induce Autophagy as a Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Hsu Chin-Mu , Chang Kung-Chao , Chuang Tzer-Ming , Chu Man-Ling , Lin Pei-Wen , Liu Hsiao-Sheng , Kao Shih-Yu , Liu Yi-Chang , Huang Chien-Tzu , Wang Min-Hong , Yeh Tsung-Jang , Gau Yuh-Ching , Du Jeng-Shiun , Wang Hui-Ching , Cho Shih-Feng , Hsiao Chi-En , Tsai Yuhsin , Hsiao Samuel Yien , Hung Li-Chuan , Yen Chia-Hung , Hsiao Hui-Hua
Published: August 2023

Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a malignant lymphoid tumor disease that is characterized by heterogeneity, but current treatment does not benefit all patients, which highlights the need to identify oncogenic genes and appropriate drugs. G9a is a histone methyltransferase that catalyzes histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation to regulate gene function and expression in various cancers. Methods: TCGA and GTEx data were analyzed using the GEPIA2 platform. Cell viability under drug treatment was assessed using Alamar Blue reagent; the interaction between G9a and niclosamide was assessed using molecular docking analysis; mRNA and protein expression were quantified in DLBCL cell lines. Finally, G9a expression was quantified in 39 DLBCL patient samples. Results: The TCGA database analysis revealed higher G9a mRNA expression in DLBCL compared to normal tissues. Niclosamide inhibited DLBCL cell line proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, reducing G9a expression and increasing p62, BECN1, and LC3 gene expression by autophagy pathway regulation. There was a correlation between G9a expression in DLBCL samples and clinical data, showing that advanced cancer stages exhibited a higher proportion of G9a-expressing cells. Conclusion: G9a overexpression is associated with tumor progression in DLBCL. Niclosamide effectively inhibits DLBCL growth by reducing G9a expression via the cellular autophagy pathway; therefore, G9a is a potential molecular target for the development of therapeutic strategies for DLBCL.
Understanding DNA Damage Response and DNA Repair in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Petrilla Cole , Galloway Joshua , Kudalkar Ruchi , Ismael Aya , Cottini Francesca
Published: August 2023

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by several genetic abnormalities, including chromosomal translocations, genomic deletions and gains, and point mutations. DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair mechanisms are altered in MM to allow for tumor development, progression, and resistance to therapies. Damaged DNA rarely induces an apoptotic response, given the presence of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) loss-of-function or mutations, as well as deletions, mutations, or downregulation of tumor protein p53 (TP53) and tumor protein p73 (TP73). Moreover, DNA repair mechanisms are either hyperactive or defective to allow for rapid correction of the damage or permissive survival. Medications used to treat patients with MM can induce DNA damage, by either direct effects (mono-adducts induced by melphalan), or as a result of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib. In this review, we will describe the mechanisms of DDR and DNA repair in normal tissues, the contribution of these pathways to MM disease progression and other phenotypes, and the potential therapeutic opportunities for patients with MM.
High Megabenthic Complexity and Vulnerability of a Mesophotic Rocky Shoal Support Its Inclusion in a Mediterranean MPA
Authors: Enrichetti Francesco , Bavestrello Giorgio , Cappanera Valentina , Mariotti Mauro , Massa Francesco , Merotto Lorenzo , Povero Paolo , Rigo Ilaria , Toma Margherita , Tunesi Leonardo , Vassallo Paolo , Venturini Sara , Bo Marzia
Published: August 2023

The deep shoal of Punta del Faro (Ligurian Sea, Mediterranean Sea) is a mesophotic rocky elevation hosting complex animal forests threatened by fishing activities. To identify appropriate conservation measures and set a reference example for similar cases, we present a detailed characterization of its megabenthic communities and a quantification of the fishing pressure. The results highlight the high natural value of the area, presenting high biodiversity (111 megabenthic and demersal species) and diverse types of animal forest, predominantly dominated by cnidarians. The tridimensional seascape is among the most complex in the eastern Ligurian Sea, but the long-term evaluation of its environmental status suggested consistent affects due to the high abundance of lost fishing gear (0.65 items m−2) directly entangled with structuring cnidarians. The artisanal and recreational fishing pressure are currently moderate. However, the use of bottom-contact fishing gear causes significant modifications to the seafloor’s integrity. This study emphasizes the high conservation value and vulnerability of the shoal, highlighting the importance of its protection through its inclusion in the Portofino MPA, whose external perimeter is 200 m from the study area. A critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages is provided with a map of the possible extension of the MPA boundaries.
Performance of Harvesting Residue Treatment Methods in South African Pine Plantations
Authors: Zitha Henny M. , Ramantswana Muedanyi M. , Spinelli Raffaele
Published: August 2023

Forest harvesting generates variable amounts of residue that pose a fire hazard and a hindrance to regeneration and must be managed accordingly. In South Africa, burning is the most common residue management method, but there is interest in introducing safer and more effective techniques, such as mulching. For that reason, a productivity study was conducted in the Eastern Cape province after a mechanised cut-to-length (harvester and forwarder) harvesting operation to gather information on the productivity, cost, and work quality of the three main alternatives: manual broadcasting, manual broadcasting followed by mulching with an adapted farm tractor and mulching with a purpose-built mulcher. The stem wood residues after harvesting ranged from 12 to 14 ODT/ha. The average time consumption was 16 worker h/ha for manual broadcasting, 3.6 worker h/ha for mulching with a farm tractor, and 0.9 worker h/ha for mulching using a purpose-built mulcher (one pass). Manual broadcasting was the cheapest option, at an average cost of 400 ZAR/ha. Mulching with a farm tractor and a purpose-built mulcher incurred an average cost of 3267 ZAR/ha and 4083 ZAR/ha, respectively. Manual broadcasting achieved a minimal reduction in residue size, with 50% of the slash (branches and stem wood) having a mean length greater than 40 cm. When mulching with a farm tractor was applied, 49% of the slash (branches and stem wood) length was reduced to about 30 cm. When a purpose-built mulcher was used, only 10% of the slash elements exceeded 40 cm in length.
Distribution of Genes and Microbial Taxa Related to Soil Phosphorus Cycling across Soil Depths in Subtropical Forests
Authors: Lv Hao , Yang Jie , Su Siwen , Liu Yue , Feng Jie , Sheng Yuxiang , Wang Ting , Pan Jinwen , Tang Li , Chen Liang , Ouyang Shuai , Wang Guangjun
Published: August 2023

Although many studies have focused on the roles of soil microbes in phosphorus (P) cycling, little is known about the distribution of microbial P cycling genes across soil depths. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was adopted to examine the differences in the abundance of genes and microbial taxa associated with soil P cycling between organic and mineral soil in subtropical forests. The total relative abundance of inorganic P solubilizing genes was the highest, that of P starvation response regulating genes was second, and organic P mineralizing genes was the lowest. The soil organic carbon concentration, N:P ratio, and available P concentration were higher in the organic soil than the mineral soil, resulting in abundances of organic P mineralizing genes (appA and 3-phytase), and inorganic P cycling genes (ppa), whereas those of the inorganic P cycling genes (gcd and pqqC) and the P starvation response regulating gene (phoR) were higher in mineral soil. The four bacteria phyla that related to P cycling, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Candidatus_Eremiobacteraeota were higher in organic soil; conversely, the three bacteria phyla (Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Chloroflexi) and archaea taxa were more abundant in mineral soil. Therefore, we concluded that the distribution of genes and microbial taxa involved in soil P cycling differed among soil depths, providing a depth-resolved scale insight into the underlying mechanisms of P cycling by soil microorganisms in subtropical forests.
Biological Embedding of Early-Life Adversity and a Scoping Review of the Evidence for Intergenerational Epigenetic Transmission of Stress and Trauma in Humans
Authors: Zhou Aoshuang , Ryan Joanne
Published: August 2023

Severe or chronic stress and trauma can have a detrimental impact on health. Evidence suggests that early-life adversity can become biologically embedded and has the potential to influence health outcomes decades later. Epigenetics is one mechanism that has been implicated in these long-lasting effects. Observational studies in humans indicate that the effects of stress could even persist across generations, although whether or not epigenetic mechanisms are involved remains under debate. Here, we provide an overview of studies in animals and humans that demonstrate the effects of early-life stress on DNA methylation, one of the most widely studied epigenetic mechanisms, and summarize findings from animal models demonstrating the involvement of epigenetics in the transmission of stress across generations. We then describe the results of a scoping review to determine the extent to which the terms intergenerational or transgenerational have been used in human studies investigating the transmission of trauma and stress via epigenetic mechanisms. We end with a discussion of key areas for future research to advance understanding of the role of epigenetics in the legacy effects of stress and trauma.
The Humanities: What Future?
Authors: Pike Deborah
Published: August 2023

Higher education in Australia is in a period of crisis and transition. While COVID-related events and their impacts have made it difficult for all areas of university academic endeavour, among the hardest hit have been humanities. Drawing on live interviews with professors in a range of humanities disciplines, the paper elucidates various elements of the crisis, which includes a summary of the impacts of the last three decades’ rise in neoliberalist imperatives within the university sector. The paper then argues that a robust defence of the humanities needs to be made and uses literary studies as its focus. Today, we are more in need of the humanities than ever. But this is a complex undertaking as research in higher education and live interviews reveal; the dictates of measurement, accountability, and questions of value within the humanities remain vexed; and while the aims and requirements of humanities studies may be at odds with neoliberalist demands and corporatisation, the humanities themselves may also be contributing to their own demise. Therefore, I offer future directions: I argue for the urgent need for the humanities to reinvigorate their ethical and critical functions, the need to demonstrate the connections between the humanities and wellbeing, the imperative to slow down and to eradicate the over-casualisation of academia, and the necessity for the humanities to articulate more clearly their connections with employment outcomes for a dynamic and evolving future.
Correction: Sensoy Bahar et al. “ANZANSI Program Taught Me Many Things in Life”: Families’ Experiences with a Combination Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Girls’ Unaccompanied Migration for Labor. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 13168
Authors: Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Boateng Alice , Nartey Portia B. , Ibrahim Abdallah , Kumbelim Kingsley , Nabunya Proscovia , Ssewamala Fred M. , McKay Mary M.
Published: August 2023

There was an error in the original publication [...]
Inner Retinal Layer Changes Reflect Changes in Ambulation Score in Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gernert Jonathan A. , Böhm Luise , Starck Michaela , Buchka Stefan , Kümpfel Tania , Kleiter Ingo , Havla Joachim
Published: August 2023

The establishment of surrogate markers to detect disability progression in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is important to improve monitoring of clinical deterioration. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) could be such a tool. However, sufficient longitudinal data of retinal neuroaxonal degeneration as a marker of disease progression exist only for PwMS with a relapsing–remitting course (RRMS) so far. In contrast, longitudinal data of retinal layers in patients with primary-progressive MS (PPMS) are inconsistent, and the association of OCT parameters with ambulatory performance in PwMS has rarely been investigated. We aimed to investigate the relative annual rates of change in retinal layers in PwMS (RRMS and PPMS) compared with healthy controls (HC) using OCT and to evaluate their association with ambulatoryfunctionalscore (AS) worsening in PPMS. A retrospective analysis of a longitudinal OCT dataset of the retinal layers of PwMS and HC from two MS centers in Germany was performed. Walking ability was measured over a standardized distance of 500 m, and changes during the observation period were categorized using the AS and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS). 61 HC with 121 eyes and 119 PwMS (PPMS: 57 patients with 108 eyes; RRMS: 62 patients with 114 eyes) were included. The median follow-up time for PwMS was 3 years. The relative annual change of pRNFL (peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer) and INL (inner nuclear layer) was significantly different in PwMS compared with HC. RRMS and PPMS subgroups did not differ in the annual atrophy rates. In patients with PPMS, worsening of the AS was significantly associated with increased thinning of the TMV (total macular volume), GCIP (ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer), and ONPL (outer nuclear and outer plexiform layer) (all p-value < 0.05, r > 0.30). For every −0.1% decrease in the TMV, GCIP, and ONPL, the risk of a deterioration in the AS increased by 31% (hazard ratio (HR): 1.309), 11% (HR: 1.112), and 16% (HR: 1.161), respectively. In addition, worsening EDSS in PPMS was significantly associated with the relative annual atrophy rates of pRNFL, TMV, and GCIP (all p-value < 0.05). Disability progression in PPMS can be measured using OCT, and increasing annual atrophy rates of the inner retinal layers are associated with worsening ambulation. OCT is a robust and side-effect-free imaging tool, making it suitable for routine monitoring of PwMS.
Unnatural Amino Acid Crosslinking for Increased Spatiotemporal Resolution of Chromatin Dynamics
Authors: Moleri Pamela , Wilkins Bryan J.
Published: August 2023

The utilization of an expanded genetic code and in vivo unnatural amino acid crosslinking has grown significantly in the past decade, proving to be a reliable system for the examination of protein–protein interactions. Perhaps the most utilized amino acid crosslinker, p-benzoyl-(l)-phenylalanine (pBPA), has delivered a vast compendium of structural and mechanistic data, placing it firmly in the upper echelons of protein analytical techniques. pBPA contains a benzophenone group that is activated with low energy radiation (~365 nm), initiating a diradical state that can lead to hydrogen abstraction and radical recombination in the form of a covalent bond to a neighboring protein. Importantly, the expanded genetic code system provides for site-specific encoding of the crosslinker, yielding spatial control for protein surface mapping capabilities. Paired with UV-activation, this process offers a practical means for spatiotemporal understanding of protein–protein dynamics in the living cell. The chromatin field has benefitted particularly well from this technique, providing detailed mapping and mechanistic insight for numerous chromatin-related pathways. We provide here a brief history of unnatural amino acid crosslinking in chromatin studies and outlooks into future applications of the system for increased spatiotemporal resolution in chromatin related research.
The Interplay of AI Adoption, IoT Edge, and Adaptive Resilience to Explain Digital Innovation: Evidence from German Family-Owned SMEs
Authors: Saleem Irfan , Hoque Shah Md. Safiul , Tashfeen Rubeena , Weller Manuela
Published: August 2023

This study aims to discover how artificial intelligence adoption in notion (AI) plays a role in digital innovation using the theoretical foundation of diffusion of innovations and effectuation theories. The current research also investigates the moderating role of other edge Internet of Things (IoT) and the mediating role of adaptive resilience. The data collection is performed using a survey conducted among employees of family-owned SMEs. The findings reveal that AI forecasts digital innovation through adaptive resilience. The results also confirm the moderating role of threat to IoT edge and the mediating role of adaptive resilience, but moderated mediating is not supported. We conclude that family-owned SMEs intend to adopt AI, but SMEs face challenges using IoT edge. This study has implications for family firms specifically and technology adopters in general.
Mechanical Properties and Liquid Absorption of Calcium Phosphate Composite Cements
Authors: Lacan Ioana , Moldovan Marioara , Sarosi Codruta , Cuc Stanca , Pastrav Mihaela , Petean Ioan , Ene Razvan
Published: August 2023

Calcium phosphate cements present increased biocompatibility due to their chemical composition being similar to that of the hydroxyapatite in the hard tissues of the living body. It has certain limitations due to its poor mechanical properties, such as low tensile strength and increased brittleness. Thus, the optimal way to improve properties is through the design of novel composite cements. The purpose was fulfilled using a 25% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) mixed with 3% urethane dimethacrzlate (UDMA) base matrix with various ratios of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Mineral filler is based on tricalcium phosphate (TCP) with different chitosan ratio used as bio-response enhancer additive. Four mixtures were prepared: S0—unfilled polymer matrix; S1 with 50% TCP filler; S2 with 50% chitosan + TCP filler; and S3 with 17.5% chitosan + TCP mixed with 17.5% nano hydroxyapatite (HA). The mechanical properties testing revealed that the best compressive strength was obtained by S2, followed by S3, and the worst value was obtained for the unfilled matrix. The same tendency was observed for tensile and flexural strength. These results show that the novel filler system increases the mechanical resistance of the TCP composite cements. Liquid exposure investigation reveals a relative constant solubility of the used filler systems during 21 days of exposure: the most soluble fillers being S3 and S2 revealing that the additivated TCP is more soluble than without additives ones. Thus, the filler embedding mode into the polymer matrix plays a key role in the liquid absorption. It was observed that additive filler enhances the hydrophobicity of UDMA monomer, with the matrix resulting in the lowest liquid absorption values, while the non-additivated samples are more absorbent due to the prevalence of hydrolytic aliphatic groups within PEG 400. The higher liquid absorption was obtained on the first day of immersion, and it progressively decreased with exposure time due to the relative swelling of the surface microstructural features. The obtained results are confirmed by the microstructural changes monitored by SEM microscopy. S3 and S2 present a very uniform and compact filler distribution, while S1 presents local clustering of the TCP powder at the contact with the polymer matrix. The liquid exposure revealed significant pore formation in S0 and S1 samples, while S3 and S2 proved to be more resistant against superficial erosion, proving the best resistance against liquid penetration.
New Experimental Evidence for Drying Shrinkage of Alkali-Activated Slag with Sodium Hydroxide
Authors: Sirotti Marco , Delsaute Brice , Staquet Stéphanie
Published: August 2023

Alkali-activated slag (AAS) is emerging as a possible and more sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in the construction industry, thanks to its good mechanical and chemical properties. Conversely, the effects of its high drying shrinkage are still a concern for its long-term durability. This study aims to investigate the drying shrinkage behaviour of six AAS/sodium hydroxide mortar compositions and the main phenomena affecting their drying shrinkage behaviour. Specifically, the molarity, solution-to-binder ratio (s/b), autogenous shrinkage, creep compliance, microcracking, and carbonation are considered as possible causes of the differences between AAS and OPC. The results show that it is not possible to correlate the shrinkage magnitude with the molarity of the activating solution, while an increase in the s/b increases the drying shrinkage. Concerning the other factors, autogenous deformation remains significant even after a period of 112 days, while the creep compliance is definitely affected by the drying process but does not seem to affect the shrinkage magnitude. Furthermore, the presence of microcracks caused by the drying process definitely influences the drying shrinkage. Finally, carbonation depends on the molarity of the activating solution, even though its effects on the material are still unclear.
Revolutionizing the Role of Solar Light Responsive BiVO4/BiOBr Heterojunction Photocatalyst for the Photocatalytic Deterioration of Tetracycline and Photoelectrocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Singla Shelly , Devi Pooja , Basu Soumen
Published: August 2023

In this study, a series of BiVO4/BiOBr composites with varying mole ratios were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The in-situ synthesis strategy facilitated the formation of a close interfacial contact between BiVO4 and BiOBr at the depletion zone, resulting in improved charge segregation, migration, reduced charge recombination, enhanced solar light absorption capacity, promoting narrow band gap, and large surface area. This study investigates the influence of different mole ratios of BiVO4 and BiOBr in a BiVO4/BiOBr nanocomposite on the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline (TC), a pharmaceutical pollutant, and photoelectrocatalytic water splitting (PEC) under solar light irradiation. Maximum decomposition efficiency of ~90.4% (with a rate constant of 0.0159 min−1) for TC was achieved with 0.5 g/L of 3:1 BiVO4: BiOBr (31BVBI) photocatalyst within 140 min. The degraded compounds resulting from the TC abatement were analyzed using GC-MS. Furthermore, TC standards exhibited 78.2% and 87.7% removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively, while TC tablets showed 64.6% COD removal and 73.8% TOC removal. The PEC water splitting experiments demonstrated that the 31BVBI photoanode achieved the highest photocurrent density of approximately 0.2198 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, resulting in the generation of approximately 1.864 mmolcm−2 s−1 of hydrogen, while remaining stable for 21,600 s. The stability of the photocatalyst was confirmed by post-degradation characterizations, which revealed intact crystalline planes, shape, and surface area. Comparisons with existing physicochemical methods used in industries indicate that the reported photocatalyst possesses strong surface catalytic properties and has the potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment and hydrogen generation, offering an advantageous alternative to costly and time-consuming processes.
Numerical Modeling of Transient Flow Characteristics on the Top Surface of a Steel Slab Continuous Casting Strand Using a Large Eddy Simulation Combined with Volume of Fluid Model
Authors: Tian Yushi , Zhou Haichen , Wang Guobin , Xu Lijun , Qiu Shengtao , Zhu Rong
Published: August 2023

In the current study, the transient flow characteristics on the top surface of a steel slab continuous casting strand were numerically investigated using a large eddy simulation combined with volume of fluid (LES + VOF) model. The validation of numerical simulation was verified via nail board measurement in the industrial continuous casting mold. The effects of casting speed on the top surface level profile and the instantaneous distribution of vortex were discussed. The level variation profile migrated after a period of time, moving from one side of the wide face of the mold to the other. The wave height and transient variation degree of the standing wave increased with an increase in the casting speed. The region near the SEN was more likely to promote the formation of vortices. The vortex generation became easier when the vorticity peaks were concentrated on the outer edge of the low-speed confluence area near the submerged entry nozzle. In addition, the effect of surface velocity on the instantaneous level fluctuation was analyzed. The frequency of level fluctuations was highest at 3~4 mm, and the high-frequency range of velocity fluctuation was 20~60 mm/s at 0.9 m/min casting speed for a 1500 mm × 200 mm caster section. The linear relationship between the level fluctuation and surface velocity magnitude was obtained. The present work aimed at evaluating the dynamic problem of the standing wave at the liquid powder–molten steel interface on the top surface of the mold, which is helpful in optimizing the casting parameters for regular casting practice and improving the quality of the steel slabs.
Thin-Film Solar Energy Absorber Structure for Window Coatings for Self-Sufficient Futuristic Buildings
Authors: Alsaif Haitham , Muheki Jonas , Ben Ali Naim , Ghachem Kaouther , Surve Jaymit , Patel Shobhit K.
Published: August 2023

Energy-efficient buildings are a new demand in the current era. In this paper, we present a novel metamaterial design aimed at achieving efficient solar energy absorption through a periodic MMA structure composed of a W-GaAs-W. The proposed structure can be implemented as the window coating and in turn it can absorb the incident solar energy and, then, this energy can be used to fulfill the energy demand of the building. Our results reveal significant improvements, achieving an average absorptance of 96.94% in the spectral range. Furthermore, we explore the influence of the angle of incidence on the absorber’s response, demonstrating its angle-insensitive behavior with high absorption levels (above 90%) for incidence angles up to 60° for TE polarization and 40° for TM polarization. The proposed structure presents a significant advancement in metamaterial-based solar energy absorption. By exploring the effects of structural parameters and incident angles, we have demonstrated the optimized version of our proposed absorber. The potential applications of this metamaterial absorber in self-sufficient futuristic building technologies and self-sustaining systems offer new opportunities for harnessing solar energy and are a valuable contribution to future developments in the fields of metamaterials and renewable energy.
Anticancer Effect of Gallic Acid on Acidity-Induced Invasion of MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hong Ran , Lim Sung-Chul , Lee Tae-Bum , Han Song-Iy
Published: August 2023

The acidic tumor environment has emerged as a crucial factor influencing the metastatic potential of cancer. We investigated the effect of an acidic environment on the acquisition of metastatic properties in MCF7 breast cancer cells and explored the inhibitory effects of gallic acid. Prolonged exposure to acidic culture conditions (over 12 weeks at pH 6.4) induced the acquisition of migratory and invasive properties in MCF7 cells, accompanied by increased expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 and 9 (MMP2 and MMP9, respectively), together with alterations in E-cadherin, vimentin, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers. Gallic acid effectively inhibited the survival of acidity-adapted MCF7 (MCF7-6.4/12w) cells at high concentrations (>30 μM) and reduced metastatic characteristics induced by acidic conditions at low concentration ranges (5–20 μM). Moreover, gallic acid suppressed the PI3K/Akt pathway and the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, which were elevated in MCF7-6.4/12w cells. These findings highlight the potential of gallic acid as a promising therapeutic agent for metastatic traits in breast cancer cells under acidic conditions.
The Impact of the First and Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Eating Symptoms and Dysfunctional Eating Behaviours in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bonfanti Rubinia Celeste , Sideli Lucia , Teti Arianna , Musetti Alessandro , Cella Stefania , Barberis Nadia , Borsarini Bianca , Fortunato Lucia , Sechi Cristina , Micali Nadia , Lo Coco Gianluca
Published: August 2023

Background: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the prevalence of feeding and eating disorder (FED) symptoms or dysfunctional eating behaviours (DEB) in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: We searched eligible articles in biomedical databases from 1 January 2020 to 31 March 2022. Prevalence rates of FED or DEB changes between pre-pandemic and pandemic time and correlation with psychological distress were pooled with a meta-analysis using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was tested using I-squared (I2) statistics. A total of 186 studies with 406,076 participants met the inclusion criteria. Results: The more prevalent FED or DEB during the COVID-19 outbreak were: body image concerns (52%, 95% CI 0.38, 0.66), binge eating (40%, 95% CI 0.25, 0.55), and overeating (40%, 95% CI = 0.32–0.48). Pooled data of longitudinal studies (k = 8) only showed a significant difference in the prevalence of weight gain from pre-pandemic to the pandemic time. Finally, increased levels of psychological distress (k = 35) positively correlated with some ED symptoms. Conclusion: This meta-analysis evidenced a negative impact of the pandemic on eating symptoms and DEB in the general population.