bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GÊNERO E COLONIALIDADE: INDÍGENAS MULHERES DESCOLONIZANDO OS ESTUDOS DE GÊNERO
Authors: Sousa Larissa
Published: November 2023

O que esse artigo propõe é olhar para os marcos de debate teórico de gênero e colonialidade a partir das contribuições de intelectuais indígenas latino-americanas, em especial brasileiras e bolivianas. Apresentando reflexões a partir de conceitos formulados por intelectuais indígenas como corpo-território e amansamento, além de observar o que essas autoras redefinem como espaço político (repolitizando o ambiente doméstico sem abrir mão de sua atuação em ambientes públicos), o presente artigo busca demarcar essas intelectuais indígenas latino-americanas como autoras de importante produção teórica acerca da temática de gênero e colonialidade na América Latina.
UMA ABORDAGEM CONVIDATIVA PARA O DEBATE COMPLEXO DAS MASCULINIDADES POR JJ BOLA
Authors: Angerami Adriana
Published: November 2023

Resenha da obra: BOLA, Jj. Seja homem: a masculinidade desmascarada. Tradução de Rafael Spuldar. 2º edição. Dublinense: Porto Alegre, 2020.
MEMORIAL DE TÍTULOS PROFA. DRA. ALDA BRITTO DA MOTTA
Authors: Sardenberg Cecília
Published: November 2023

Este memorial tem por objetivo apoiar a outorga do título de Professora Emérita da Universidade Federal da Bahia à Professora Doutora Alda Britto da Motta, Professora Permanente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre Mulheres, Gênero e Feminismo (PPGNEIM/FFCH/UFBA) e Pesquisadora do Núcleo de Estudos Interdisciplinares sobre a Mulher (NEIM/FFCH/UFBA). Sua longa e intensa dedicação ao ensino, pesquisa e atividades de extensão na FFCH, particularmente no NEIM, do qual é uma das fundadoras, em muito a qualificam para esse honroso título.
O EMPODERAMENTO INDIVIDUAL DAS MULHERES É UMA FALÁCIA?
Authors: Barros Aparecida da Silva Xavier , Alves Thelma Panerai
Published: November 2023

A ideia de empoderamento contida no Objetivo de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) 5 necessita de uma investigação crítica. Na perspectiva feminista, originalmente, o empoderamento se referia a um poder solidário, compartilhado numa ação coletiva, no qual uma mulher só seria livre quando todas pudessem ser. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar o empoderamento proposto pelo ODS 5. A metodologia utilizada foi a de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Os resultados da análise apontam ausências de marcadores sociais importantes na proposta do ODS 5 e o não reconhecimento de agendas do movimento feminista, dentre as quais se destaca o trabalho doméstico (o remunerado e o não remunerado).
Low-Dose Methotrexate and Serious Adverse Events Among Older Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Muanda Flory T. , Blake Peter G. , Weir Matthew A. , Ahmadi Fatemeh , McArthur Eric , Sontrop Jessica M. , Urquhart Brad L. , Kim Richard B. , Garg Amit X.
Published: November 2023

Importance

Low-dose methotrexate is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Due to its kidney elimination, better evidence is needed to inform its safety in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Objectives

To compare the 90-day risk of serious adverse events among adults with CKD who started low-dose methotrexate vs those who started hydroxychloroquine and to compare the risk of serious adverse events among adults with CKD starting 2 distinct doses of methotrexate vs those starting hydroxychloroquine.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective, population-based, new-user cohort study was conducted in Ontario, Canada (2008-2021) using linked administrative health care data. Adults aged 66 years or older with CKD (defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 but not receiving dialysis) who started low-dose methotrexate (n = 2309) were matched 1:1 with those who started hydroxychloroquine.

Exposure

Low-dose methotrexate (5-35 mg/wk) vs hydroxychloroquine (200-400 mg/d).

Main Outcome and Measure

The primary outcome was a composite of serious adverse events: a hospital visit with myelosuppression, sepsis, pneumotoxic effects, or hepatotoxic effects within 90 days of starting the study drug. Prespecified subgroup analyses were conducted by eGFR category. Propensity score matching was used to balance comparison groups on indicators of baseline health. Risk ratios (RRs) were obtained using modified Poisson regression, and risk differences (RDs) using binomial regression.

Results

In a propensity score–matched cohort of 4618 adults with CKD (3192 [69%] women; median [IQR] age, 76 [71-82] years), the primary outcome was higher in patients who started low-dose methotrexate vs those who started hydroxychloroquine (82 of 2309 [3.55%] vs 40 of 2309 [1.73%]; RR, 2.05 (95% CI, 1.42-2.96); RD, 1.82% [95% CI, 0.91%-2.73%]). In subgroup analysis, the risks increased progressively at lower eGFR (eg, eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m2: RR, 2.79 [95% CI, 1.51-5.13]). In the secondary comparison with hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate users at 15 to 35 mg/wk had a higher risk of the primary outcome.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort of 4618 older patients with CKD, the 90-day risk of serious adverse events was higher among those who started low-dose methotrexate than those who started hydroxychloroquine. If verified, these risks should be balanced against the benefits of low-dose methotrexate use.
Tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Heilmann Michael , Rodewald Dieter , Weiguny Jens
Published: November 2023

The article contains sections titled:

1
Introduction

2
Physical Properties

3
Chemical Properties

4
Production

4.1
Acetylene/Formaldehyde

4.2
Propylene

4.2.1
Via Propylene Oxide

4.2.2
Via Allyl Acetate

4.3
Butadiene

4.4
Butane/Benzene

4.4.1
Via Maleic Anhydride

4.4.2
Via Maleic Acid

4.4.3
Via Dialkyl Maleate

4.5
Bio‐based Feedstocks

4.5.1
Furfural

4.5.2
Fermentation Products

5
Specifications

6
Storage and Transport

7
Uses

8
Economic Aspects

9
Toxicology and Industrial Hygiene

List of Abbreviations

References
Solid–Solid Separation
Authors: Peuker Urs A. , Leißner Thomas
Published: November 2023

The article contains sections titled:

1
Introduction

2
Fields of Application

2.1
Primary Raw Materials (Minerals)

2.2
Secondary Raw Materials (Recycling Products)

2.3
Construction Materials

2.4
Agricultural, Biotechnological, and Food Raw Materials

2.5
Chemical Production

3
Schematic Description of Solid–Solid Separation

3.1
Preconditions

3.2
Liberation

4
Quantification of a Solid–Solid Separation Process Result

5
Presentation of the Result of a Solid–Solid Separation Process

5.1
Grade‐Recovery Curve to Quantify Solid–Solid Separation

5.2
Tromp Curve to Quantify Solid–Solid Separation

5.3
Multidimensional Quantification of Solid–Solid Separation

6
Separation Principles for Solid–Solid Separation

6.1
Manual and Automated Sorting

6.2
Density Separation

6.3
Magnetic Separation

6.4
Separation in Electric Fields

6.5
Flotation

7
Economic Aspects

References
Covibesity
Authors: Plava Annalisa
Published: November 2023

Obesity was designated a global epidemic, socially patterned, in the twenty‐first century. However, since March 2020, COVID‐19 has exacerbated this phenomenon. The effects of the stressful space‐time context of lockdown on the eating habits and lifestyles of both adults and children in families are the context in which covibesity originated. From a sociological perspective, covibesity is a situational obesity which, as a result of a confined life, has exposed a huge number of families to health, social, and economic risks. Guided by the scientific literature that has analyzed the “stay home” scenario in these months of pandemic, this entry describes covibesity by focusing on eating habits and lifestyles. The life‐course perspective sheds light on how important it is to immediately detect and correct unhealthy social trajectories, even when they are unexpected, especially from early childhood. Despite the difficulties, the new normality is also an opportunity to respond to the spillover effects of covibesity by tracing paths – individual, social, and political – that attempt to empower families despite their vulnerabilities.
Westernizers and Slavophiles
Authors: Rabow‐Edling Susanna
Published: November 2023

Westernizers and Slavophiles refer to two groups of intellectuals involved in a discourse about Russia's identity and future in the second quarter of the nineteenth century, instigated by feelings of cultural backwardness. The two groups presented different solutions. The Slavophiles wished to return to the time before Russia was westernized to find inspiration for a unique Russian development in the customs of the peoples and in the teachings of the Eastern doctors of the church. The Westernizers criticized what they saw as the Slavophiles' idealized image of the past. Instead, Russia needed to continue on the western path and make use of western knowledge to develop a culture of its own. In this way Russia would catch up with the west and perhaps eventually surpass it.
COVID‐19, Healthcare Workers and
Authors: Willis Karen , Maple Jaimie‐Lee , Smallwood Natasha
Published: November 2023

The pandemic has generated global, social, and workplace disruption, with profound effects on healthcare delivery, healthcare staffing, and healthcare workers' mental health. While a significant number of healthcare workers globally have been infected with the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus leading to coronavirus disease (COVID‐19), importantly,
all
healthcare workers have been affected by the immense workplace and psychosocial disruption caused by the pandemic. Healthcare workers grappled with notions of risk, increased workplace disruption, and mental health impacts such as burnout, along with the social restrictions to which populations were subjected. Through a sociological discussion of key factors shaping the impact of COVID‐19 on healthcare workers and COVID‐19, this entry identifies the broader social and political forces that shape the structuring and experience of healthcare work.
Cyberdelinquency
Authors: Agustina Jose R. , Lux Laura Mayer
Published: November 2023

Cyberdelinquency is a composite term that refers to misdeeds carried out predominantly online by young people. Delinquency itself can be seen as a broad concept relating to juvenile antisocial behaviors that include crime, deviance, offense, and vice committed by individuals who are below the legal age of criminal responsibility but above a certain minimum age. The particularity in this case lies in the context in or scope with which the delinquent behavior is committed, mainly cyberspace as opposed to “meatspace.”
Environmental Movements
Authors: Rootes Christopher
Published: November 2023

Environmental movements are networks of informal interactions that may include, as well as individuals and groups who have no organizational affiliation, organizations of varying degrees of formality that are engaged in collective action motivated by shared identity or concern about environmental issues. An environmental movement exists when organizations (and other, usually less formally organized, actors) are networked and engaged in collective action. The forms of action have changed over time as the polite lobbying of conservation organizations has been overtaken by successive waves of more radical nonviolent protest. The existential threat posed by the ecological crisis has stimulated tactical innovation and an unprecedented wave of mass civil disobedience designed to highlight climate change. While western democratic states provide more hospitable political and economic conditions for environmental movements, the increasing urgency of environmental crises in the global south has stimulated greater mobilizations there. International conferences and the efforts of transnational environmental NGOs have encouraged the establishment of environmental movement networks embracing north and south.
Expertise, “Scientification,” and the Authority of Science
Authors: Turner Stephen , McCreery Greg
Published: November 2023

Sociologists and social thinkers have long been concerned with the problem of the role of knowledge in society. In the 1940s and 1950s the sociology of science concerned itself with the related problem of the authority of science and with conflicts between science and democracy. In a world of complexities understood only by experts, the conflict between expert knowledge and democracy is especially relevant today, as shown by the COVID‐19 pandemic. The issues of expert failure and disinformation, the role of the digital community, and the communication of science to the public are now important social problems.
International Monetary Fund
Authors: Kelly Kristy , Lee Susan Hagood
Published: November 2023

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a multilateral financial organization that provides short‐term lending to governments, promotes free trade and fiscal austerity policies, and collects financial data on the world economy. Its 190 member states agree to follow fiscal and monetary policies conducive to international financial stability and to allow IMF supervision of their national policy regimes. IMF membership is a precondition for membership in its sister organization, the World Bank, the world's leading source of development funding, and IMF loans typically open access to bilateral and commercial loans. The IMF thus serves as gatekeeper to the international financial system. IMF loans typically carry policy conditions such as reductions in government spending, lower trade barriers, elimination of subsidies, and higher interest rates. Critics have charged that these policies hurt the poor, precipitate financial crises, and protect the interests of western financial institutions at the expense of impoverished nations.
Late‐Life Sexuality
Authors: Levy Judith , Sukmaningrum Evi
Published: November 2023

The failure of scientists to define what they mean by “sexuality,” “sexual behavior,” or “late life” when designing studies or publishing their results complicates attempts to compare research findings within older age groups and across societies and sociocultural environments. Still, research across the globe confirms that sex and sexuality are a normal and valued part of human existence at any age and that many older persons remain sexually active throughout life. Nonetheless, sexual expression and sex in late adulthood too often are challenged by the lack of a sexual partner, age‐related physical decline, insufficient privacy, concerns about sexually transmitted diseases, and stereotypic age norms that characterize late‐life sex as humorous and untoward. Medical and technological innovations since the 1990s, including sexual enhancement drugs, Internet dating sites, phone apps to locate partners, and medical treatment that reduces risk of HIV transmission, have helped to partly mitigate such hindrances.
Unemployment
Authors: Boland Tom , Griffin Ray
Published: November 2023

Initially, “unemployment” described the situation of workers who could not find a job because of economic dislocations or redundancy. The phrase was quickly taken up in social policy as a key focus of the welfare state. As unemployment has become the focus of sociological investigation, it has incrementally come to be understood as a social situation – structured by the institution of work, shaped by governmental policies, and interpreted culturally.
Multi‐planner validation of RapidPlan knowledge‐based model for volumetric modulated arc therapy in prostate cancer
Authors: Ayuthaya Isra Israngkul Na , Sanghangthum Taweap , Oonsiri Puntiwa , Oonsiri Sornjarod , Keawsamur Mintra , Ruangchan Sirinya , Vannavijit Chulee , Kanphet Jaruek , Kingkaew Sakda , Vimolnoch Mananchaya , Tawonwong Tanawat , Plangpleng Nuttha
Published: November 2023

Purpose

To investigate the performance of a model‐based optimization process for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) applied to prostate cancer patients with the multi‐planner.

Methods and Materials

The 120 prostate plans for VMAT treatment were entered into the database system of the RapidPlan (RP) knowledge‐based treatment planning. The treatment planning data for each plan was used to create and train the RP model. Twelve prostate cancer cases were selected and were used for planning by a manual of 12 planners based on the clinical protocol for dose constraints. Then, the treatment plans for each patient were compared with the RP model plans and analyzed with Wilcoxon tests.

Results

On average, the RP models can estimate comparable doses among all planner plans and clinical plans for the PTV, which Dmax, D95%, D98%, HI, and CI were used to evaluate. For the normal organ doses of the bladder, rectum, penile bulb, and femoral head, all RP model plans showed comparable or better dose sparing than all planner plans and clinical plans. Moreover, the average planning time of the RP model was faster than manual plans by about two times. The RP model can significantly reduce the variation dose of the normal organs compared with the manual plans among the planners.

Conclusion

The automated plans of the RP model might benefit from further fine‐tuning of the dose constraints of the normal organs, although both procedure plans are acceptable and fulfill the clinical protocol goals so that the RP model can enhance the efficacy and quality of plans.
A Flexible Aptameric Graphene Field‐Effect Nanosensor Capable of Automatic Liquid Collection/Filtering for Cytokine Storm Biomarker Monitoring in Undiluted Sweat
Authors: Huang Cong , Li Dongliang , Liu Jialin , Hou Siyu , Yang Weisong , Wang Hao , Wang Junduo , Wang Ziran , Li Feiran , Hao Zhuang , Huang Suichu , Zhao Xuezeng , Hu PingAn , Pan Yunlu
Published: November 2023

A wearable sensor capable of directly detecting cytokines in external secretions external to the human body is pivotal for gauging the intensity of the immune response and circumventing inflammatory storms, a significant clinical concern. The detection of low‐concentration cytokines is often hampered due to interference from impurities in secretions. Addressing this challenge, a wearable detection system is developed by integrating a Janus membrane with water auto‐collection/filtering capabilities, and aptamer‐modified graphene field‐effect transistor sensors, enabling the detection of low‐concentration cytokines in undiluted sweat samples. The Janus membrane can automatically filter external secretions and transport them to the sensor surface, effectively eliminating impurity interference and enhancing the sensor's detection capabilities. The device can sensitively detect cytokines (such as TNF‐α, a marker for inflammation and cancer) in undiluted sweat, with a detection range spanning 0.5 to 500 pM, and a detection limit reaching 0.31 pM. The ultra‐flexibility of the sensor is also verified, maintaining stable electrical properties even after enduring up to 50 extreme deformations. These findings indicate that the wearable detection system has the potential to realize low‐concentration cytokines monitoring in the sweat of inflammatory patients, to assist the healthcare system in controlling the body's immune status.
SDF‐1 Bound Heparin Nanoparticles Recruit Progenitor Cells for Their Differentiation and Promotion of Angiogenesis after Stroke
Authors: Wilson Katrina L. , Joseph Neica I. , Onweller Lauren A. , Anderson Alexa R. , Darling Nicole J. , David‐Bercholz Jennifer , Segura Tatiana
Published: November 2023

Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with enhanced tissue repair and functional outcomes. The existing body of research in biomaterials for stroke focuses on hydrogels for the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, or small molecules or drugs. Despite the ability of hydrogels to enhance all these delivery methods, no material has significantly regrown vasculature within the translatable timeline of days to weeks after stroke. Here, two novel biomaterial formulations of granular hydrogels are developed for tissue regeneration after stroke: highly porous microgels (i.e., Cryo microgels) and microgels bound with heparin‐norbornene nanoparticles with covalently bound SDF‐1α. The combination of these materials results in perfused vessels throughout the stroke core in only 10 days, in addition to increased neural progenitor cell recruitment, maintenance, and increased neuronal differentiation.
Biofabrication of Composite Bioink‐Nanofiber Constructs: Effect of Rheological Properties of Bioinks on 3D (Bio)Printing and Cells Interaction with Aligned Touch Spun Nanofibers
Authors: Kitana Waseem , Levario‐Diaz Victoria , Cavalcanti‐Adam Elisabetta Ada , Ionov Leonid
Published: November 2023

This paper reports on a novel approach for the fabrication of composite multilayered bioink‐nanofibers construct. This work achieves this by using a hands‐free 3D (bio)printing integrated touch‐spinning approach. Additionally, this work investigates the interaction of fibroblasts in different bioinks with the highly aligned touch‐spun nanofibers. This work conducts a comprehensive characterization of the rheological properties of the inks, starting with low‐strain oscillatory rheology to analyze the viscoelastic behavior, when the material structure remains intact. Moreover, this work performs amplitude sweeps to investigate the stability of the inks under large deformations, rotational rheology to examine the shear thinning profile, and a three‐step creep experiment to study time‐dependent rheological behavior. The obtained rheological results are correlated to visual observation of the flow behavior of inks. These behaviors span from an ink with zero‐shear viscosity, very weak shear thinning, and no thixotropic behavior to inks exhibiting flow stress, pronounced shear thinning, and thixotropy. It is demonstrated that inks have an essential effect on cell behavior. While all bioinks allow a preferred directionality of the fibroblasts along the fiber direction, cells tend to form aggregates in bioinks with higher viscosity, and a considerable number of agglomerates are observed in the presence of laponite‐RD.
Nuclear Spin‐Depleted, Isotopically Enriched 70Ge/28Si70Ge Quantum Wells
Authors: Moutanabbir Oussama , Assali Simone , Attiaoui Anis , Daligou Gérard , Daoust Patrick , Vecchio Patrick Del , Koelling Sebastian , Luo Lu , Rotaru Nicolas
Published: November 2023

The p‐symmetry of the hole wavefunction is associated with a weaker hyperfine interaction, which makes hole spin qubits attractive candidates to implement quantum processors. However, recent studies demonstrate that hole qubits are still very sensitive to nuclear spin bath, thus highlighting the need for nuclear spin‐free germanium (Ge) qubits to suppress this decoherence channel. Herein, this work demonstrates the epitaxial growth of 73Ge‐ and 29Si‐depleted, isotopically enriched 70Ge/silicon‐germanium (SiGe) quantum wells. The growth is achieved by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition using isotopically purified monogermane 70GeH4 and monosilane 28SiH4 with an isotopic purity higher than 99.9% and 99.99%, respectively. The quantum wells consist of a series of 70Ge/SiGe heterostructures grown on Si wafers. The isotopic purity is investigated using atom probe tomography (APT) following an analytical procedure addressing the discrepancies caused by the overlap of isotope peaks in mass spectra. The nuclear spin background is found to be sensitive to the growth conditions with the lowest concentration of 73Ge and 29Si is below 0.01% in the Ge well and SiGe barriers. The measured average distance between nuclear spins reaches 3–4 nm in 70Ge/28Si70Ge, which is an order of magnitude larger than in natural Ge/SiGe heterostructures. The spread of the hole wavefunction and the residual nuclear spin background in APT voluminals comparable to the size of realistic quantum dots are also discussed.
Chemical Zymogens and Transmembrane Activation of Transcription in Synthetic Cells
Authors: Andersen Dante Guldbrandsen , Pedersen Andreas Bøtker , Jørgensen Martin Høgholm , Montasell Mireia Casanovas , Søgaard Ane Bretschneider , Chen Gal , Schroeder Avi , Andersen Gregers Rom , Zelikin Alexander N.
Published: November 2023

In this work, synthetic cells equipped with an artificial signaling pathway that connects an extracellular trigger event to the activation of intracellular transcription are engineered. Learning from nature, this is done via an engineering of responsive enzymes, such that activation of enzymatic activity can be triggered by an external biochemical stimulus. Reversibly deactivated creatine kinase to achieve triggered production of adenosine triphosphate, and a reversibly deactivated nucleic acid polymerase for on‐demand synthesis of RNA are engineered. An extracellular, enzyme‐activated production of a diffusible zymogen activator is also designed. The key achievement of this work is that the importance of cellularity is illustrated whereby the separation of biochemical partners is essential to resolve their incompatibility, to enable transcription within the confines of a synthetic cell. The herein designed biochemical pathway and the engineered synthetic cells are arguably primitive compared to their natural counterpart. Nevertheless, the results present a significant step toward the design of synthetic cells with responsive behavior, en route from abiotic to life‐like cell mimics.
Revealing Low Thermal Conductivity of Germanium Tin Semiconductor at Room Temperature
Authors: Ayinde Sabur , Myronov Maksym
Published: November 2023

The low thermal conductivity of a material is a key essential parameter for its potential application in high‐performance thermoelectric devices. Unprecedently low thermal conductivity of germanium tin (Ge1−xSnx) semiconductor thin film is experimentally obtained at room temperature. The thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Sn concentration in the relaxed Ge1−xSnx binary alloy, which is explained mainly by increasing the interatomic distance between atoms via alloying. A pronounced decrease of thermal conductivity, by over 20 times, from 58 W m−1K−1 in Ge to ≈2.5 W m−1K−1 in relaxed Ge1−xSnx, with Sn content up to 9% is observed. This thermal conductivity is just ≈2 times higher than that of the state‐of‐the‐art thermoelectric material, Bismuth Selenium Telluride. Ge1−xSnx, in contrast, is a non‐toxic Group‐IV semiconductor material, that is epitaxially grown on a standard silicon wafer up to 300 mm diameter using the semiconductor industry standard epitaxial growth technique. As a result, it can lead to the creation of a long‐awaited high‐performance low‐cost thermoelectric energy generator for room‐temperature applications in human's daily life and would make a substantial contribution toward global efforts in CO2 emission‐free and green electricity generation.
Information Metasurface for Electromagnetic Sensing and Wireless Communications
Authors: Wan Xiang , Huang Zi Ai , Wang Jia Wei , Wang Wen Hao , Li Bai Yang , Xiao Qiang , Wang Xu Jie , Wan Jia Chen , Cui Tie Jun
Published: November 2023

The integration of electromagnetic sensing and wireless communication is considered as one of the fundamental characteristics of the future information society. Here, it is propose to realize the electromagnetic sensing and wireless communication using a single information metasurface. For sensing function, the metasurface serves as a remote sensor that can image the surrounding target and locate the local user based on random receiving patterns. For communication function, the metasurface transmits the sensing information to the local user by modulating the radiation phase of directional beam that points to the local user. Experimental results validate the ability of the information metasurface in electromagnetic sensing and signal transmission to designated user, showing great potentials of the information metasurface in realizing intelligent, universal, and ubiquitous electromagnetic terminals in the future information society.
CD117‐Targeted Intraoperative Imaging of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Using a Stem‐Cell‐Factor‐Labeled Fluorophore
Authors: Nomura Shinsuke , Yokomizo Shinya , Wang Zhidong , Kang Homan , Bao Kai , Yang Chengeng , Rubin Brian P. , Bronson Roderick , Kashiwagi Satoshi , Choi Hak Soo
Published: November 2023

Complete resection without damaging the capsule is the gold‐standard surgical approach for nonmetastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). However, accurately locating tumors during surgery is challenging because GIST is covered by normal mucosal tissue, leading to suboptimal surgeries and increased cancer recurrence rates. To enhance surgical care for GIST, a cutting‐edge near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent nanoprobe is presented that enables real‐time navigation of GIST by specifically targeting CD117, a protein frequently overexpressed in GIST. By attaching a zwitterionic NIR fluorophore called ZW800‐1C to a CD117 ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), precise targeting is achieved while minimizing nonspecific tissue interactions. In in vitro studies, the high affinity of nanoprobe for CD117‐positive GIST‐T1 cell lines is demonstrated, while exhibiting no binding to CD117‐negative cells or GIST‐5 R cells. In a xenograft model of GIST‐T1 in mice, the nanoprobe produces strong and persistent NIR signals that last over 72 h following a single intravenous injection. Moreover, the nanoprobe successfully detects spontaneous tumors in the cecum of heterozygous Kit K641E mice. In these findings, the promise of CD117‐targeted molecular imaging is highlighted as an intraoperative strategy for GIST. Furthermore, this imaging approach holds potential for early diagnosis, as well as monitoring GIST prognosis before and after surgical resection.
Delbrück Scattering above the Pair Production Threshold: Going beyond the Born Approximation
Authors: Sommerfeldt Jonas , Yerokhin Vladimir A. , Surzhykov Andrey
Published: November 2023

A theoretical method to calculate Delbrück scattering amplitudes for photon energies above the electron‐positron () pair production threshold is presented. The method is based on the application of the relativistic Dirac–Coulomb Green function and describes the interaction of the virtual pair with the Coulomb field of a target to all orders in the coupling strength parameter . To illustrate the application of the developed approach, detailed calculations have been performed for the scattering of 2.754 MeV photons off bare ions with a wide range of nuclear charge numbers. Results of these calculations clearly indicate that the higher‐order terms beyond the Born approximation lead to a strong enhancement of the imaginary part of the Delbrück amplitude and have to be taken into account for the analysis and guidance of gamma‐ray scattering experiments.
Irreversibility in an Optical Parametric Driven Optomechanical System
Authors: Abah Obinna , Edet Collins O. , Ali Norshamsuri , Teklu Berihu , Asjad Muhammad
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the role of nonlinearity via optical parametric oscillator on the entropy production rate and quantum correlations in a hybrid optomechanical system. Specifically, the modified entropy production rate of an optical parametric oscillator placed in the optomechanical cavity is derived, which is well described by the two‐mode Gaussian state. The irreversibility and quantum mutual information associated with the driving the system far from equilibrium are found to be controlled by the phase and strength of nonlinearity. This analysis shows that the system entropy flow, heating, or cooling, are determined by choosing the appropriate phase of the self‐induced nonlinearity. It is further demonstrated that this effect persists for a reasonable range of cavity decay rate.
Single‐Photon Based Three‐Party Quantum Secure Direct Communication with Identity Authentication
Authors: Zhang Qi , Du Ming‐Ming , Zhong Wei , Sheng Yu‐Bo , Zhou Lan
Published: November 2023

Multipartite quantum secure direct communication (MQSDC) enables multiple message senders to simultaneously and independently transmit secret messages to a message receiver through quantum channels without sharing keys. Existing MQSDC protocols all assume that all the communication parties are legal, which is difficult to guarantee in practical applications. In this study, a single‐photon based three‐party QSDC protocol with identity authentication is proposed. In the protocol, the message receiver first authenticates the identity of two practical message senders. Only when the identity authentication is passed, the legal message senders can encode their messages by the hyper‐encoding technology. In theory, two bits of messages can be transmitted to the message receiver in a communication round. The protocol can resist the external attack and internal attack, and guarantee the security of the transmitted messages and the identity codes of each legal message sender. The secret message capacity of the protocol is simulated with two‐decoy‐state method. The maximal communication distance between any two communication parties can reach 31.75 km with weak signal and decoy state pulses. The three‐party QSDC protocol can be extended to a general MQSDC protocol and has important application in the further practical MQSDC field.
An Optofluidic System for Monitoring Fluorescently Activated Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Al Fattah Md Fahim , Abouali Hesam , Hosseini Seied Ali , Yin Jian , Khan Asif Abdullah , Aghamohammadi Hamid , Poudineh Mahla , Ban Dayan
Published: November 2023

The ability to monitor protein biomarkers at clinically relevant concentrations is a powerful approach that provides insights into health status. The synergistic combination of microfluidics and photonics (optofluidic) has emerged as a new means to achieve this capability for detection and manipulation of biological samples. Here in this work, we demonstrate an optofluidic device which integrates the detection and the particle‐focusing components to facilitate on‐chip measurement of protein levels. With this design, we use a laser‐induced fluorescence technique for the direct measurement of protein levels on magnetic bead complexes tagged with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) fluorophore. The developed system was employed for the detection of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as a model protein within a range of 0–20 μg/mL, showing an ability to resolve the fluorescence signal from different IgG concentrations down to 5.4 nM (0.81 μg/mL). The selectivity in detecting specific IgG target was tested by comparing the fluorescence signal levels from other interfering proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human IgM. Although our system was designed for detecting IgG protein, this optofluidic device can be a powerful platform for the rapid detection of a diverse range of biomarkers, including viral pathogens retaining adequate signal sensitivity and selectivity.
Characterization and transport properties of ceramic filler incorporated natural rubber composites
Authors: Dutta Barnali , Ray Samit Kumar
Published: November 2023

Crystalline glass–ceramic fillers were prepared from calcium carbonate, silica, alumina, and calcium fluoride by heating and subsequent quenching in cold water. The fillers were incorporated into natural rubber (1,4‐cis‐polyisoprene) and the filled rubber composites were crosslinked with sulfur in the presence of different rubber additives. The unfilled and filled rubber composites were characterized. The transport properties of benzene, toluene, and p‐xylene (BTX) through the rubber composites were studied in terms of sorption, diffusion, permeation, and mass transfer coefficients. The effect of the ceramic fillers on the mechanical, thermal and transport properties were studied. The sorption data at different temperatures were used for calculating activation energy of diffusion, permeation, free energy, and enthalpy of sorption. The BTX remained in the liquid state within the composite matrix as evident from negative ΔS. The diffusion coefficient (D) and mass transfer coefficient (kmtc) of BTX decreased with the increase in filler loading. Accordingly, for the transport of BTX the unfilled rubber showed a D (D × 107 cm2/s) and mass transfer coefficient (kmtc × 104 cm/s) of 5.67/3.97/2.96 and 7.71/7.08/7.04, respectively which decreased to 5.06/2.95/2.57 and 7.53/6.95/6.90, respectively for the composite containing 50 wt.% ceramic filler.
The political economy of COVID‐19 vaccination in Indonesia
Authors: Surianta Andree , Patunru Arianto A.
Published: November 2023

The global COVID‐19 vaccination has been marred by the problem of inequity. Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), including Indonesia, must overcome global and local barriers to provide doses to their population. Due to a lack of domestic R&D capability, Indonesia relied on global vaccine producers that are subject to the whims of their own governments. Ensuring equitable access domestically was also a challenge as public sector resources were limited. Using the four dimensions of vaccine access to examine Indonesiaʼs COVID‐19 inoculation campaign reveals gaps in the governmentʼs perception of vaccination inequity. While the administration fervently advocates for global vaccination equity, local barriers received minimal attention. Indonesiaʼs case highlights how domestic political dynamics can stymie a global effort and that resolving vaccination inequity requires lowering both global and local barriers. Finally, LMICs should also consider including private sector resources in their pandemic response to complement their limited public sector resources.
Novel bioactive 2‐phenyl‐4‐aminopyrimidine derivatives as EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S inhibitors for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Shidi , Zhou Zhihui , He Jie , Guo Jiaojiao , Huang Xiaoling , An Yufeng , Pan Qingshan , Xu Shan , Zhu Wufu
Published: November 2023

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the development of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thus, EGFR is an effective drug target for the treatment of NSCLC, and developing fourth‐generation EGFR inhibitors to overcome the resistance mediated by T790M/C797S mutations are currently under investigation. In this study, based on the binding model between Angew2017‐7634‐1 and EGFRT790M/C797S, several series of 2‐phenyl‐4‐aminopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The bioactivity of these compounds was evaluated and it is suggested that compound A23 could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Ba/F3‐EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S and H1975‐EGFRL858R/T790M cells, with an IC50 of 0.22 ± 0.07 and 0.52 ± 0.03 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinase activity of A23 against EGFRL858R/T790M and EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S was also evaluated, with an IC50 of 0.33 and 0.133 μM, respectively. Moreover, compound A23 was further evaluated in the H1975 xenograft models with significant in vivo tumor growth inhibitions of 25.5%, which means that A23 could effectively inhibit the growth of tumor cells and promote the death of tumor cells. As a result, A23 could be identified as a novel potential EGFRDel19/T790M/C797S inhibitor.
An ultrasonic biosample disruptor with two triangular teeth on its radiation face
Authors: Yin Jia , Huang Huiyu , Zheng Mojing , Hu Junhui
Published: November 2023

Ultrasound has been used in biosample disruption such as disruption of algal cell and DNA. New structure of ultrasonic biosample disruptor (UBD) needs to be explored to increase the energy efficiency. In this study, an UBD with two triangular teeth on the bottom radiation face of the water tank has been proposed, to concentrate the acoustic energy into the slot between the two neighboring triangular teeth, in order to raise the acoustic energy utilization and fragmentation performance. The acoustic energy concentration into the slot is verified by the FEM computation, and the improvement of fragmentation performance is experimentally confirmed with spirulina and tribonema, compared to the traditional UBD which has a flat radiation face. The number proportion of fragment in the length range of 10–20 μm generated by the UBD proposed in this work is 17.08% and 10.82% more than that generated by the traditional UBD for the two samples, respectively. Besides, the UBD proposed in this work has a much smaller standard deviation of DNA fragment length (47 bp) than the traditional UBD (249 bp), with a similar mean length of fragments. Moreover, the maximum weight proportion of fragment in the range of 100–300 bp, generated by the UBD proposed in this work, is 71.4%.
Feasibility and performance of cross‐clone Raman calibration models in CHO cultivation
Authors: Machleid Rafael , Hoehse Marek , Scholze Steffi , Mazarakis Kleanthis , Nilsson David , Johansson Erik , Zehe Christoph , Trygg Johan , Grimm Christian , Surowiec Izabella
Published: November 2023

Raman spectroscopy is widely used in monitoring and controlling cell cultivations for biopharmaceutical drug manufacturing. However, its implementation for culture monitoring in the cell line development stage has received little attention. Therefore, the impact of clonal differences, such as productivity and growth, on the prediction accuracy and transferability of Raman calibration models is not yet well described. Raman OPLS models were developed for predicting titer, glucose and lactate using eleven CHO clones from a single cell line. These clones exhibited diverse productivity and growth rates. The calibration models were evaluated for clone‐related biases using clone‐wise linear regression analysis on cross validated predictions. The results revealed that clonal differences did not affect the prediction of glucose and lactate, but titer models showed a significant clone‐related bias, which remained even after applying variable selection methods. The bias was associated with clonal productivity and lead to increased prediction errors when titer models were transferred to cultivations with productivity levels outside the range of their training data. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of Raman‐based monitoring of glucose and lactate in cell line development with high accuracy. However, accurate titer prediction requires careful consideration of clonal characteristics during model development.
Cusp overlap method for self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Aljabbary Talal F. , Komatsu Ikki , Ochiai Tomoki , Fremes Stephen E. , Ali Noman , Burke Lucas , Peterson Mark D. , Fam Neil P. , Wijeysundera Harindra C. , Radhakrishnan Sam
Published: November 2023

Background

Conduction disturbances and the need for permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation remains a common complication for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), particularly when self‐expanding (SE) valves are used.

Aims

We compared in‐hospital and 30‐day rates of new PPM implantation between patients undergoing TAVR with SE valves using the conventional three‐cusp coplanar implantation technique and the cusp‐overlap technique.

Methods

We retrospectively compared patients without a pre‐existing PPM who underwent a TAVR procedure with SE Evolut R or PRO valves using the cusp‐overlap technique from July 2018 to September 2020 (n = 519) to patients who underwent TAVR using standard three‐cusp technique from April 2016 to March 2017 (n = 128) in two high volume Canadian centers.

Results

There was no significant difference in baseline RBBB between the groups (10.4% vs. 13.2; p = 0.35). The rate of in‐hospital new complete heart block (9.4% vs. 23.4%; p ≤ 0.001) and PPM implantation (8% vs. 21%; p ≤ 0.001) were significantly reduced when using the cusp‐overlap technique. The incidence of new LBBB (30.4% vs. 29%; p = 0.73) was similar. At 30 days, the rates of new complete heart block (11% vs. 23%; p ≤ 0.001) and PPM implantation (10% vs. 21%, p ≤ 0.001) remained significantly lower in the cusp‐overlap group, while the rate of new LBBB (35% vs. 30%; p = 0.73) was similar.

Conclusion

Cusp‐overlap approach offers several potential technical advantages compared to standard three‐cusp view, and may result in lower PPM rates in TAVR with SE Evolut valve.
Photoredox‐catalyzed Decyanative Radical Cross‐coupling Reactions of Aromatic Nitriles
Authors: Chao Fei , Yang Hai‐Bin , Fang Yanxiong
Published: November 2023

(Hetero)arenes are one kind of important structural motifs existed extensively in clinical pharmaceutics, pesticides, and so on. Developing novel method for introducing (hetero)aryl group through the employment of cheap and abundant feedstocks has attracted considerable attentions from synthetic community. In this review, we summarize the recent advancements in photoredox‐catalyzed decyanative cross‐coupling reactions based on the persistent aromatic nitrile‐derived radical. We separate the review into redox‐neutral and reductive cross‐coupling reactions according to whether an external reducing agent is required. The diverse strategies of overcoming the redox potential limitation of photocatalyst are emphasized in the discussion of specific reaction.
NHC‐Stabilized Mixed Group 13/14/15 Element Hydrides
Authors: Ackermann Matthias T. , Szlosek Robert , Riesinger Christoph , Seidl Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Rivard Eric , Scheer Manfred
Published: November 2023

The syntheses of novel N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) adducts of group 13, 14 and 15 element hydrides are reported. Salt metathesis reactions between NaPH2 and IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2OTf (1) (IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) led to mixtures of the two isomers IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2PH2 (2 a) and IDipp ⋅ BH2GeH2PH2 (2 b); by altering the reaction conditions an almost exclusive formation of 2 b was achieved. Attempts to purify mixtures of 2 a and 2 b by re‐crystallization from THF afforded a salt [IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2 ⋅ IDipp][PHGeH2BH2PH2BH2GeH2] (4) that contains the novel anionic cyclohexyl‐like inorganic heterocycle [PHGeH2BH2PH2BH2GeH2]−. In addition, the borane adducts IDipp ⋅ GeH2BH2PH2BH3 (3 a) and IDipp ⋅ BH2GeH2PH2BH3 (3 b) as even longer chain compounds were obtained from reactions of 2 a/2 b with H3B ⋅ SMe2 and were studied by NMR spectroscopy. Accompanying DFT computations give insight into the mechanism and energetics associated with 2 a/2 b isomerization as well as their decomposition pathways.
The application of nitroarenes in catalyst‐free photo‐driven reactions
Authors: Teng Kunpeng , Liu Qian , Lv Jie , Li TingTing
Published: November 2023

Nitroarenes are usually excited to form photoexcited species in light‐induced reactions due to their unique properties, leading to the development of numerous related catalyst‐free photo‐induced reactions encompassing diverse reaction types and key intermediates. This review aims to summarize the progress in catalyst‐free photo‐induced reactions involving photoexcited nitroarenes and offers a brief overview of future directions in this field.