bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cineantropometría morfofuncional en atletas adolescentes
Authors: Vallejo Cuéllar Lisímaco
Published: March 2018

El objetivo de este trabajo fue el de analizar las diferencias ocurridas, enla capacidad aeróbica (con su máximo de oxígeno en 1/min y ml/kg/min), enla frecuencia cardiaca máxima y en la frecuencia cardiaca recuperación, enun período de once meses de entrenamiento y de competiciones deatletismo, seguidos de un mes de descanso, con relación al crecimiento deatletas adolescentes post-púberes corredores y saltadores. Fueroninvestigados ocho atletas del sexo masculino, en las edades de x=16.8 años,que estaban realizando un programa de entrenamiento de atletismo deacuerdo con sus respectivas modalidades, ya en un nivel competitivonacional Fueron realizadas las mediciones antropométricas de la estatura, elpeso, pliegues cutáneos (tricipital, subescapular, supra-ilíaca y abdominal), elporcentaje de grasa y la masa magra. La potencia máxima aeróbica fuecalculada según Astrand y Ryhming (1954) en 1/min y ml/kg/min en labicicleta ergométrica, registrándose el electrocardiograma de esfuerzo parael estudio de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima y de recuperación en el primero,quinto y octavo minutos de recuperación. El nivel de significancia se fijó en5%. No hubo diferencia significativa en el consumo máximo de oxígeno en1/min y m1/kg/min, o sea, que se mantuvo equilibrado. Con relación avariables antropométricas la estatura aumentó significativamente (de x=174.3cm, para x=174.9 cm). El peso presentó diferencia significativa, de x=62.8 kgen el pre, para x=64.9 kg en el post-entrenamiento. El porcentaje de grasa nopresentó diferencia significativa. La masa magra tuvo un aumentosignificativo de x=56.2 kg para x=58.2 kg., la diferencia cardiaca máxima y lafrecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en el primero, quinto y octavo minutos,no presentaron diferencias significativas. La caída porcentual de lafrecuencia cardiaca de recuperación en el primer minuto en relación con lamáxima alcanzada, fue de x=27% en el pre y de x=19.4% en el post-entrenamiento. No hubo correlación significativa entre los valores del delta del consumo máximo de oxígeno 1/min y ml/kg/min y los deltas de la estatura, del peso, del porcentaje de grasa y de la masa magra.
Colaboración interinstitucional: Reto y alternativa en la educación tecnológica
Authors: Mendoza Parada Edgar Alberto
Published: March 2018

Con el propósito fundamental de mejorar la calidad y la eficiencia de las ÁreasTécnicas del aparato educativo estatal, en función del mercado laboral y de la satisfacciónde necesidades regionales, el Gobierno Nacional ha impulsado desde 1985 lacoordinación y complementación de los dos sistemas de educación: el de “Formal” acargo del Ministerio de Educación y el de “capacitación y profesionalización” a cargo delSENA.
APROXIMACIONES AL ESPACIO TEÓRICO DE LA DIDÁCTICA A PARTIR DE LA LOGICA
Authors: Reyes Herrera Lilia Reyes Herrera
Published: March 2018

La didáctica es una de las disciplinas más antiguas, si hacemos referencia a ladialéctica. Aunque hacia 1628 Comenio escribía su Didáctica Magna, el objeto formal dela didáctica no se ha definido con precisión y de ahí sus variadas interpretaciones.Sabemos que la didáctica tiene que ver con las formas de aprehensión del conocimiento ycon los principios, normas y elementos que permiten y facilitan su apropiación.
LA PARTICULAR TAREA DEL PERIODISTA LATINOAMERICANO DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGÍA
Authors: Lotero Botero Amparo
Published: March 2018

Siempre se ha dicho que el compromiso fundamental del periodista es con la verdad.Sin embargo, la práctica seria de este ejercicio encuentra que la verdad es algo máselusivo de lo que comúnmente se cree. En el caso del periodista de la ciencia y de latecnología, el problema de la verdad adquiere connotaciones específicas, no solamentepor la importancia que la ciencia y la tecnología han adquirido en el contexto contemporáneo,sino también porque el calificativo de científico parece ser equivalente a verdadPero de hecho, la cuestión de la verdad en la ciencia es aún motivo de arduasdiscusiones que involucran diversidad de intereses. Por ello tal vez sea más apropiadodecir que el compromiso del periodista de la ciencia, en últimas, debe ser con el conocimiento.
LOS DEPARTAMENTOS
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: March 2018

FISICAEl Departamento de Física ofrece los programas de LICENCIATURA EN FISICA yMAESTRIA EN DOCENCIA DE LA FISICA.Durante este período ha presentado un Proyecto dirigido a docentes en ejercicio,“Especialización de Docencia de las Ciencias para el Nivel Básico”, el cual ha obtenido suaprobación en las primeras instancias de la Universidad y espera ofrecerlo para el PrimerSemestre de 1992. EDUCACION FISICAEl Departamento de Educación Física de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, es eldepartamento más antiguo en el país como formador de Licenciados en Educación Física.Actualmente funcionan más departamentos en el país.MATEMATICASEl Departamento de Matemáticas de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional desarrolla en laactualidad dos programas de formación: la Licenciatura en Matemáticas y el Magister enDocencia de la Matemática.
ACCIONES DE MAESTROS DE CIENCIAS: CREENCIAS, ROLES, METAS Y CONTEXTOS EN LA ENSEÑANZA Y EL APRENDIZAJE
Authors: Reyes Herrera Lilia Reyes Herrera , Enrique Salcedo Luis
Published: March 2018

Although scence curricula vary widely among countries, states, school districts,individual schools and individual classrooms, the understanding and enhancement ofscience teaching and learning is so limited in most of them that it is a global concern.Teacher’s conceptions play an important role in the implementation of a sciencecurriculum, consequently; the study and development of teacher conceptions of thenature of science education has become one of the most important goals of thescience education community. Although in the last twa decades this has been aprolific area of research, it is yet to be researched more deeply. The overallpurposeof this research is to explore the nature of the referents used by science teacherswhen engaged in science instruction and to elucidate patterns of beliets, goals, rolesand context which guide teachers actions and interactions. The kind of research weare doing argue tora change in teachers’ epistemology empowering them to takeinformed decisians to break away fram dominant practices which have been presentín the community without deep questioning.
DESARROLLO Y EVALUACIÓN DE LOS PROCESOS DE RAZONAMIENTO COMPLEJO EN CIENCIAS
Authors: Cárdenas Salgado Fidel Antonio
Published: March 2018

Despite the enhanced importance given by science educators and researchers toevaluation in sciences in the past, the search for better and more reliable assessingprocesses is nowadays a research priority.Although the areas of science to be assessed have been generally accepted asincluding knowledge of concepts and facts, process skills, science thinking, problemsolvingskills, abilities reeded to manipulate laboratoty equipment and the dispositionof students to apply scientific knowledge, the impact of assessment on students,teachers and parents has not been overlooked. However, advances in cognitivepsychology, science education and research on assessment on science are callingfor new dimensions, such as complex reasoning, to be researched in the field.Complex reasoning is a competence included as a desirable outcome of Scienceeducation in many Science curricula and is characterized by the following attributes:problem-solving, decision-making and critical and creative thinking. This paperpresents a theoretical framework fon assessment in science involving thedevelopment of competencies through science education and emphasizes complexreasoning. A working model to categorize assessment tasks in complex reasoning isdescribed and some of the main questions to be researched in the une are stated.The need for interdisciplinary work as well as close interaction with other unes ofinvestigation has also been put forward.It is the main objective of this line of nesearch to explore and propose moresystematic assessment processes in science education to trace the evolution ofstudents understandings and achievements mainly in secondary schools.
La relación entre conocimiento común y conocimiento científico en el contexto de la enseñanza, aprendizaje y cambio conceptual de las ciencias
Authors: Claret Zambrano Alfonso
Published: March 2018

This paper analyses the research approach on the relationship between scientificscholar knowledge of the teacher and common previous knowledge of students inschool within the context of teaching, learning and conceptual change in sciences.The paper shows two sections: the first is about conceptual historical development ofthe research question. ln this sense the first question was How the students learnsciences and its transformation into the second, third , fourth and fifth question wasjustified on the light of the reading of the following works, mainly: Piaget, A usubel ,Driver, Vygotsky, and Bachelard, Canguilhem, Kuhn, Lakatos, Popper and othersauthors. The second explains the research question taking into consideration themeaning of the teacher, the pupil and the scientific knowledge in the classroom. Forthis purpose it is necessary to design a conceptual structure in order to analyze therelations, the concepts and the research problems of the teaching, learning andassessment in sciences. The structure shows the relationship of the teacher and thepupilas knowledge relationship. This is the cause why scientific knowledge must beconsidered as the hard core of the science teaching. But scientific knowledge in thiscase is seen as a product of the its historical and epistemological development andthe way as scientific knowledge changes in science is the basis forthinking aboutconceptual change of students in the classroom. The paper ends showing the aimsof the researcher engaged in this approach.
MIRÁNDONOS PARA BUSCAR SENTIDO
Authors: Varios Autores
Published: March 2018

A first approach of the research is done. The analysis of the Biology teacher’s information, characteristics with his/her results, is contributing to the curricular program atthe licentiate in Biology. This project tries to be near the imaginative visions that thecurrent students have in relation to emotional, social, educational, political and culturalaspects.The first stage of the research shows the perspective that we have constructed aroundaspects such as (religion, politics and art), the family, sexuality, expectancy of life,intellectual development, education (pedagogy, research, conceptions about teachers,the teacher’s training and the program itself). The second stage will show what theteachers think about; what we think about them and what the other teachers think andfeel. Similarly, a confrontation with theory related to it will be done; finally theachievements will be analyzed in a critical way, and the necessary perspective will bedone to construct a curricular project in the Licentiate of Biology.
LA EPISTEMOLOGÍA DEL MAESTRO: UN PODEROSO REFERENTE EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA BIOLOGÍA
Authors: Reyes Herrera Lilia
Published: March 2018

The main purpose of this work was to explore a teacher referents for teaching andlearning biology while developing an ecology unit for six graders in a public school inBogotá. Why does the teacher teaches in that way? What are his or her referents forteaching? Following the ethnographic methodology proposed by Guba and Lincoln(1989) we identify that:* In this class, there were deep power imbalances in terms of control and authority thatmakes the teacher the main source of knowledge. The central vision was the authorityof teacher’s explanations and the control of the activities.* ln this context, biology was assimilated in general, as the search for truth. A need toprobe what the teacher said was evident.* There was a pervasive idea about the use of scientific method in biology with frequentexplanations by the teacher about the steps to followThese and other similar conceptions of this teacher were coherent with a positivistphilosophy and constituted a powerful referent for teacher and students work. If we wantan alternative in biology teaching, teachers must implement their own project to reflecton their own teaching and learning. As long as the teacher make explicit his or her ownprinciples he would be able to reflect and consider possibilities to change. ln this waycritical inquiry and reflection about his or her own actions promise the construction ofnew theoretical referents and new actions in the teaching and learning of biology.
EL APRENDIZAJE DE ALGUNOS CONCEPTOS FUNDAMENTALES EN EL CAMPO DE LA BOTÁNICA. UNA EXPERIENCIA INVESTIGACIÓN AULA
Authors: Álvarez Salgado Eblis , Arias Guevara Humberto
Published: March 2018

Colombia is a “mega diversity” country about his flora, for that reason we considerfundamental to perform works related with the learning in botany.This matter is very important, because the works in history botany has been realized byprofessionals without pedagogic formation and in some cases without formation in plantsubject.There are not many works in pedagogic and didactic about the conceptual learning inbotany, we emphasize the need of design, apply and value methodologies strategiesthat allows to approach basic concepts in that subject, this is the main matter in thisinvestigation line according the constructivism tendency
VALORES EN EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL PARA LA PREVENCIÓN DE DESASTRES
Authors: Talero de Husain Elsa Leonor , Umaña Gloria , Chaves Gilma
Published: March 2018

The educational project on disaster prevention is an approximation towards apedagogical strategy in significant learning, in values formation and conceptsconstruction for the mountain system and the factors that affect the antropic steadystateequilibrium of the environment.The design centers on teachers, students and community values clarification in order toincorporate geological hazards on vulnerability and risk of disasters. The main objectiveof the study was to design a curricula and to develop the educational. Project ondisasters prevention that improve knowledge of existing hazard condition anddistributions, as well as attitudes and values towards disasters.The pedagogical .strategy tend, to minimize the risk of the disasters in the Andesmountains in which there are hazards such debris flows, rack-fall, subsidence andfloods.The values considered were: the person as center, the pertinence, property sense andself-steem. The curricula six students modules named “The people of the mountains’?The Mountains ecosystem, the livig beings, The Planet earth, and the machines and thePedagogical project in disaster prevention for the teachers.The curricula were validated la schools of Utica and Choachi (Cundinamarcadepartment).
LOS ESTUDIOS FAUNISTICOS Y DE BIOPROSPECCIÓN EN LA EDUCACIÓN DE LOS COLOMBIANOS
Authors: Torres Núñez Rodrigo , García Sarmiento Martha Jeaneth
Published: March 2018

Colombia is a tropical country with one of the biggest biological diversity of the world.But much of this biodiversity is being irreversibly Iost through extinction caused by thedestruction of natural habitats. The social and political problems in the area increase theproblem. The implication and scientific, educational, social and economic impact of thefaunistic surveys are commented.
"To Be" as a Project: an Autoethnography of the Vital Project Construction Process for a Physical Education Teacher
Authors: López Secanell Irene
Published: March 2018

This essay has the purpose of analyzing the development of my vital project as a Physical Educations teacher. It has been designed using the qualitative methodology through a reflexive auto ethnography with the biographical accounts that I had developed for the past 7 years. The categories that structure the results correspond to the stages that according to Romero (2004) are necessary to reach the vital project: “Reconnaissance stage”, “Crystallisation stage”, “Specification stage” and “Fulfilment stage”. The analysis confirms that going through all of these stages has allowed me becoming a reflective, critical and creative person and has eased me reaching my vital project. In addition, the essay shows the professional development that I have experienced along the process and that has allowed me setting up a new innovative physical education based on the Contemporary Art. It concludes with the importance for the teachers to think about their vital project in order to share with their students the importance that using biographical accounts has as instruments to show them the evolution of a teacher's professional practice.
Detection of electroencephalographic, electromyographic, and cardiac variations during wake-sleep transition through change point analysis
Authors: Mateos-Salgado Erik Leonardo ,   Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México., Ayala-Guerrero Fructuoso
Published: March 2018

Introduction. Wake-sleep transition is a continuous, gradual process of change. Most studies evaluating electroencephalogram spectral power during this transition have used variance analysis (ANOVA). However, using this type of analysis does not allow one to detect specific changes in the statistical properties of a time series. Objective. To determine whether change point analysis (CPA) makes it possible to identify and characterize electroencephalographic, electromyographic, and cardiac changes during the wake-sleep transition through a cross-sectional study. Method. The study included 18 healthy volunteers (12 women and six men), from which polysomnography data were obtained during a two-minute transition. Heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, electroencephalogram spectral power, as well as electromyographic median and mean frequency and electromyographic root mean square were calculated in five-second segments. These segments were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA, and CPA focused individually and for the group as a whole. Results. Repeated measures ANOVA and CPA by group found decreased levels of alpha and beta power and beta/delta index during wakefulness, and increased theta and delta power levels during sleep. CPA by individual found that only alpha power changed in all participants and failed to identify a specific moment when all the variables studied changed simultaneously. Discussion and conclusion. We consider that CPA provides additional information to statistical analyses such as ANOVA for the specific location of physiological changes during sleep-wake transition.
Between Don Quixote and Hamlet: vicissitudes of contemporary Cultural Psychiatry
Authors: Alarcón Renato D ,   Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States.,   Honorio Delgado Chair, School of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
Published: March 2018

Background. Although Cultural Psychiatry (CP) has emerged as a significant discipline and body of knowledge in recent decades, it finds itself in a current intense debate about its identity, its contributions, and its future. Objective. To examine conflictive areas of historical, epistemological, clinical, educational, and research interest in the present and future development of CP. Method. A narrative review of outstanding sources, articles, and textbooks on CP that reflect its current vicissitudes; for each area, adequate quotations of Cervantes’ Don Quixote and Shakespeare’s Hamlet are used. Results. In addition to updating definitions and content, discussions about whether CP is a psychiatric subspecialty, the scope of its diagnostic, clinical and therapeutic applications, evaluation of criticisms and strengths, interactions with other disciplines, as well as reflective speculations about its future, are outlined. Discussion and conclusion. CP is considered the receptacle of many disciplines, the last bastion of humanistic medicine in a globalized world, although its development will always be marked by scholarly debates about contexts, meanings, identities, and competencies regarding its ontological and epistemological components.
Assessment of knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls of Government higher secondary school, station Murhipar, Rajnandgaon (C.G.)
Authors: Tiwari Anjana , Ekka Indu Jyotsna , Thakur Rajni
Published: March 2018

Background: Poor menstrual hygiene practices result into adverse health outcome in terms of increased vulnerability to reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and its consequences. The objective of present study was to assess the Knowledge and Practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent school girls.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was done among adolescent girls of class VII, VIII, IX and X (who attained menarche) in Government higher secondary school, station Murhipar, Rajnandgaon (C.G.) during September 2017 to October 2017 (two months) using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Statistical analysis: Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage).Results: A total of 141 adolescent school girls in the age group 12 to 17 years participated in this study. The mean age of menarche of the respondents was 12.9 years (range 11-15 years). Majority of girls (85.8%) were aware about menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. Mother was the first informant in case of 55.4% girls. Majority of girls (90.1%) practiced different restrictions during menstruation. Only 2.1% girls used sanitary pads during menstruation. Regarding hygienic practices, only 29.8% of girls change their cloths/pads three and above times per day and 98.6% girls had daily bath with soap during menstruation. Satisfactory hand washing with soap and water after changing pad during menstruation was present in 96.4%. Cleanliness of external genitalia was satisfactory in case of 80.1% girls.Conclusions: The adolescent girls need to be educated about fact of menstruation and menstrual hygiene practices in order to improve the menstrual hygiene.
Evaluación de un sistema de fotocatálisis heterogénea y pasteurización para desinfección de aguas lluvias
Authors: Quintero Agudelo Angie Catherin , Vargas Terranova Camilo Andrés , Sanabria Alcantar Juan Pablo
Published: March 2018

La fotocatálisis heterogénea y la pasteurización para la desinfección del agua se presentan como una alternativa de potencial implementación y operación, porque buscan el aprovechamiento de la radiación y la temperatura, y la hacen apta para emplearla en múltiples locaciones, principalmente donde existan fuentes de abastecimiento que presenten bajos niveles de turbiedad. Para verificar la efectividad de estas técnicas, se evaluó una unidad compuesta por un sistema de captación de aguas lluvias, un filtro lento de arena y un sistema de desinfección solar compuesto por fotocatálisis heterogénea, que emplea como catalizador dióxido de titanio (TiO 2 ) en forma de anatasa 99 % en un lecho fijo, y pasteurización con un proceso de recirculación, en una comunidad ubicada en la zona sur de Bogotá. La caracterización del afluente mostró valores de turbiedad iguales a 3,29 UNT, pH de 6,4, alcalinidad de 2,5 mg CaCO 3 L -1 dureza de 0,65 mg CaCO 3 L -1 y presencia de coliformes identificados en placas de petrifilm. La eliminación de microorganismos se hizo efectiva en días con índices de radiación por encima de 4UV (longitudes de onda de 315400 nm), estados del tiempo soleados o parcialmente nublados y valores de turbiedad de 4 UNT para cargas hidráulicas por debajo de 60 m 3 m -2 -d -1 . El efluente presentó efectividad próxima al 60 % en la remoción de turbiedad y 100 % en coliformes. Los resultados obtenidos permiten el uso del agua tratada en actividades complementarias, excluyendo el consumo humano.
Efectos de la estimulación hidráulica (fracking) en el recurso hí- drico: Implicaciones en el contexto colombiano
Authors: Charry-Ocampo Sharel Alexa , Perez Anibal Jose
Published: March 2018

La contribución de la extracción de gas lutita en la sostenibilidad energética ha sido evaluada de manera independiente, sin tener en cuenta su relación con la seguridad hídrica ni sus impactos en las fuentes de agua. Por esta razón, en la presente investigación se realizó un análisis de estos impactos a través de una revisión bibliográfica de carácter nacional e internacional. Si bien el análisis hecho sugiere dos aspectos fundamentalmente importantes: 1) impactos en el recurso hídrico asociados a la cantidad y calidad de este y 2) efectos sísmicos o sismicidad inducida, este estudio se enfoca principalmente en el primero. Los resultados de la revisión demuestran un creciente aumento de investigaciones sobre el impacto del fracking; sin embargo, se encontró que hay deficiencias en el uso de modelos numéricos para cuantificar los efectos ambientales. Adicionalmente, los resultados muestran que los consumos asociados a la estimulación hidráulica no parecen ser significativos comparados con los usos típicos en otras prácticas económicas, como la agricultura (riegos). En este sentido, en el contexto colombiano los retos se basan en consolidar una mejor red de información piezométrica y en general un sistema de monitoreo más robusto para mejorar la toma de decisiones respecto al fracking, ya que este tipo de información representa el primer paso hacia la construcción de modelos hidrogeológicos que soporten la evaluación del riesgo y contribuyan a la reducción de la posible vulnerabilidad del recurso hídrico en el desarrollo de proyectos de aprovechamiento de gas lutita.
Propuesta de mejoramiento tecnológico de techos verdes para el clima tropical andino
Authors: Gómez Cubillos Alejandro , Galarza-Molina Sandra , Torres Andrés
Published: March 2018

La gestión de riesgos por el aumento de la escorrentía superficial en zonas urbanas requiere intervención desde múltiples enfoques, ambientales, sanitarios, sociales y económicas. La infraestructura verde aporta soluciones de creciente interés por sus beneficios ambientales y potencial aprovechamiento económico. Este artículo propone un mejoramiento tecnológico para la adaptación de los techos verdes al clima tropical andino, en términos de su comportamiento hidrológico, para lo cual se desarrolló un montaje experimental con seis módulos de techos verdes extensivos y un módulo testigo (solo cubierta). El montaje experimental permitió la obtención de datos de 21 eventos de precipitación, modificando la configuración de dos factores experimentales, tipo de planta con seis variaciones y altura de sustrato con tres variaciones y tres eventos más para verificar el efecto de la variación de la pendiente de la cubierta, como tercer factor. Los datos obtenidos se procesaron para el cálculo de las variables hidrológicas de interés (precipitación, escorrentía, duración del evento, tiempo anterior seco), que expresan las características del evento y los indicadores del comportamiento hidrológico (coeficientes de escorrentía basado en volumen Cv y en el caudal pico Cp y tiempo de retraso K) y su análisis estadístico permitió identificar cuáles factores experimentales tienen o no influencia significativa en dichos indicadores. Finalmente, se desarrollaron herramientas para la simulación de variables e indicadores hidrológicos a partir de series de precipitación externas y su implementación en una herramienta de diseño que seleccione las configuraciones de techos verdes que presenten el mejor comportamiento hidrológico.
Análisis comparativo de guías para el desarrollo web accesible
Authors: Londoño Rojas Luis Felipe , Tabares Morales Valentina , Bez Marta Rosecler , Duque Mendez Néstor Darío
Published: March 2018

En la actualidad los sitios web no cumplen con requerimientos mínimos de accesibilidad, lo que impide que cualquier persona sin importar sus condiciones pueda acceder a los contenidos y servicios disponibles a través de estos sitios. Este problema se da en parte porque los desarrolladores no tienen conocimientos de los criterios y pautas de accesibilidad existentes o no saben cómo implementarlas. Como una alternativa, en este trabajo se presenta un análisis de guías para el desarrollo accesible, donde se evalúan diferentes criterios como las discapacidades que son atendidas, el nivel de conocimientos técnico que se requiere para su comprensión y la forma como se presentan los contenidos. A partir de esta evaluación se genera un cuadro comparativo y se hace la selección de las guías que pueden ser de mayor utilidad en la creación de sitios web accesibles, lo que puede servir como un apoyo a los desarrolladores al decidir cuál guía utilizar.
Insecurity and its impact on tourism in Guerrero: a spatial approach, 1999-2014
Authors: Andrés-Rosales Roldán , Sánchez-Mitre Luis Alberto , Cruz Marcelo José Nabor
Published: March 2018

La inseguridad ha ocasionado un lento crecimiento en las diferentes regiones mexicanas. Pero ha influido mucho más en las zonas turísticas del país, ejemplo de ello es el municipio de Acapulco Guerrero, lugar considerado como una de las más inseguras a nivel internacional. Mediante la información prevaleciente sobre la inseguridad en los municipios del país disponible en el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI) e información sobre el ingreso del turismo que proporciona SESNSP del periodo 1999-2014, construimos un índice de violencia con el que mostramos que la mayor concentración de la inseguridad se localiza en Acapulco y Chilpancingo principalmente, y que este problema ha influido negativamente en el crecimiento de la región dado su impacto significativo en el turismo
Nociones de seguridad y control en el plan frontera norte: una expresión de teichopolítica
Authors: Aranda Gilberto , Ovando Cristian Andrés
Published: March 2018

La teichopolítica es una expresión actual de la globalización segmentada, la cual no solo plantea la erección de muros. En el caso de Chile, se manifestó dicha política en los años 70 por medio del minado de zonas fronterizas como mecanismos preventivos a una invasión extranjera y hoy, a través del Plan Frontera Norte. Mediante este mecanismo securitario el Estado garantiza la continuidad de los flujos comerciales consonantes con la política económica de apertura de mercado, aunque bajo una mayor supervisión que a la vez permita controlar el flujo de personas y, con especial atención, contener el tráfico ilegal de mercancías y narcóticos. El Estado también expresa consecuencias culturales hacia la otredad que deben ser tenidas en cuenta.Este artículo tiene por objetivo revisar la implementación de dicho plan como expresión de teichopolítica; para ello se hace una revisión de conceptos y términos desde una perspectiva constructivista. Asimismo, indaga en algunos aspectos del contenido de política pública que involucra. Se concluye que la evaluación del programa da cuenta más de la inversión concretada que del impacto que ha tenido en las estadísticas de decomisos de drogas y procedimientos policiales asociados al tráfico de drogas ilícitas. Lo anterior también se refleja en los informes y el análisis del Ministerio del Interior que solo consigna el nivel de inversión en equipamiento y dotación policial.
„Lesz ez még így sem” avagy a településvezetők szerepe helyi fejlesztésekben két település példáján keresztül
Authors: Gerencsér Ilona , Tóth Tamás
Published: March 2018

Írásunk célja, hogy rávilágítson a területi politikában az önkormányzatok, azon belül pedig a településvezetők meghatározó szerepére. A települések fejlesztési lehetőségeinek a természeti és társadalmi adottságokon – földrajzi elhelyezkedés, lakosságszám, az ott élők iskolai végzettsége, stb. – túlmenően, további meghatározó eleme a vezetés gondolkodás módja és szemlélete. A tanulmány sikeresnek mondható települések jó példáját bemutatva igyekszik rávilágítani a helyi szereplők aktivitásnak fontosságára.
A falusi turizmus helyzete és fejlesztési lehetőségei
Authors: Molnár Csilla , Remenyik Bulcsú
Published: March 2018

Napjaink élménygazdaságában egyre többen ismerik fel, hogy a stresszes mindennapok testi-, lelki- és szellemi fáradalmainak kipihenésére nem feltétlenül egy zsúfolt nagyváros vagy tömegturisztikai célpont a legalkalmasabb, ezért sokszor falun keresik a vidék romantikáját, az autentikus kultúrát, gasztronómiát, a csendet és nyugalmat, illetve azokat az aktív kikapcsolódási lehetőségeket, amelyeknek a vidék kiváló teret adhat. Fő célcsoportnak a közép- és az idősebb korosztályokat tekinthetjük, de úgy gondoljuk, hogy e termék a fiatal korcsoportok számára is vonzó lehet.
Az ökoturizmus jövője - összehasonlító elemzés a gyöngyösi diákok körében környezettudatossági aspektusból
Authors: Szeberényi András , Varga-Nagy Adrienn
Published: March 2018

Az ökoturisták környezettudatos szemléletű emberek, akik jellemzően szeretnek távolabb utazni a városoktól, időt tölteni a természetben, a klasszikusnak számító vidéken kirándulni, felfedezni és óvni a természet csodáit, megismerni a helyi szokásokat, embereket. Jellemzően ezek a turisták igyekeznek minél kevesebb negatív hatást gyakorolni a környezetre, miközben annak tisztaságát, érintetlenségét óvják, tudatosak a szállásválasztásban és az utazás módjában is, hogy minél kevésbé terheljék a környezetet. Az ökoturizmus szemléletének terjedése a fenntarthatóság szempontjából rendkívül fontos. A fiatalok új nemzedéke különböző szintű ismeretekkel rendelkezik a környezettudatosság és a környezetbarát viselkedés tekintetében. Az online tér az egyik legértékesebb kulcs, amely segíthet az ilyen jellegű viselkedés elterjedésében (Begley, 2008). Ebben a tanulmányban középiskolás diákok és egyetemi hallgatók lettek megkérdezve, a környezettudatossággal kapcsolatos problémákról és arról, hogy az online tér segítségével, milyen szinten tudnak részt vállalni a környezettudatosság elterjedésében, például az okostelefonon használható alkalmazások segítségével. A tanulmány Gyöngyös városában lett elvégezve, középiskolás és egyetemista diákok között. A középiskola neve, Berze Nagy János Gimnázium, ahol összesen 493 diák lett megkérdezve, de ebből csak 465 kérdőív került kiértékelésre, mivel 28 diák nem volt jelen a kérdőív lekérdezésekor vagy valamilyen hibás kitöltés miatt nem volt értékelhető a kérdőív. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a résztvevő diákok nagyrésze fokozottan elméjében tartja a környezettudatosság és a környezetvédelem fontosságát. A diákok a médiából, mint például a közösségi média is, tapasztalatot és ismeretet szereznek a környezettel kapcsolatos témakörökkel kapcsolatban (Kovács, 2010).
Vegetable Grafting: A Surgical Approach to combat biotic and abiotic stresses- A review
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Bharti Nikki , Saravaiya S. N.
Published: March 2018

Vegetables are nutritionally rich, high-valued crops and remunerative enough to replace subsistence farming. However, vegetables are highly sensitive to climatic vagaries and sudden irregularities in weather factors at any phase of crop growth can affect the normal growth, flowering, fruit development and subsequently the yield. Grafting in vegetable has emerged as a promising surgical alternative over relatively slow conventional breeding methods aimed at increasing tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. It provides an opportunity to transfer some genetic variations of specific traits of rootstocks to influence the phenotype of scion. Thus, genetic potential of various rootstocks in vegetable crops has proven to be a better alternative to chemical sterilants against many soil-borne diseases. The higher physiological activities like antioxidant content, lipoxygenase activity, osmotic adjustment, membrane selectivity, development of adventitious root and aerenchymatous tissue in plants grafted onto potential rootstocks provide broad insight into stress response mechanisms and thus, grafting is proposed to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on productivity and quality of vegetables crops.
Coastal saline Soils of India: A review
Authors: Sabareshwari V. , Ramya A.
Published: March 2018

Coastal region covers a long strip along the east coast (West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu) and west coast (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala). Salinity is mainly due to the presence of saline ground water at shallow depth and frequent sea water inundation in the low lying areas. Sea water intrusion into the aquifers may be direct, but also range of complex geochemical processes like, inter-aquifer mixing, mobilization of brines, water-rock interaction and anthropogenic contamination. NaCl and Na2SO4 are the dominant salts, with abundance of soluble cations in the order of Na>Mg>Ca>K. The salt reaches the soil surface through capillary rise during dry season and makes the soil saline and unproductive for agriculture. Salinity ranges 0.5 dSm-1 in monsoon and 50 dSm-1 in summer. Proper understanding about the nature, properties and prevailing constraints related to diverse group of coastal soils is necessary to undertake better management practices to improve the productivity and quality of such low productive salty soils.
INTEREST AND READING MOTIVATION
Authors: Alhamdu Alhamdu
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between interest and reading motivation based on literature review. The concept of the interest portrayed as a psychological state that occurs during interaction between individual and specific topic, object or activity including process of willingness, increased attention, concentration and positive feeling to the topic, object or activity. Meanwhile reading motivation emphasized to mental readiness, willingness and refers to beliefs and perception of individual to engage in reading activity. Some researchers were identified factors that influenced reading motivation such as intrinsic and extrinsic factors, self-concept and value of reading, and interest. In general, the literature review described that have positive relationship between interest and reading motivation.
Geo-Electric Resistivity Method of Dipole-Dipole Configuration For Cavities Model 2D in Karst Area of Temurejo Village Gubug Sub-district Central Java District
Authors: Rhesdeantia Yuanna , Darsono Teguh , Khumaedi Khumaedi
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to mapping cavities in karst area in Temurejo Village, Karangrayung, Grobogan using geoelectric resistivity method and dipole-dipole configuration. Measurement consist of six lines using Multichannel S-Fields geoelectric instrument. Apparent resistivity data processing use two software, Res2DInv ver. 3.56.22 and Voxler 4.0. The result is lithology of the research location can be interpret consist of sand-silt, carbonate-silt rock, carbonate-sand rock, and carbonate rock with resistivity range 15,3-4919 Ωm. There are resistivity value anomaly in line of 1,2,3,4,5, and 6 on the carbonate rocks layer, the value is more than 4949 Ωm which can interpret as a cavity. On the first line, cavities are at depths of 20 m and 12 m, on second line are at depths of 17 m and 12 m, on third line is at depth of 19 m. Cavity continuously at depth of 18 m on fourth, fifth and sixth lines. This cavities at the depth >23 m beneath eath surface.
Team Approach: Complex Dermal Wound-Healing Utilizing Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Green Tyson , Kavros Steven , Springer Steve , Drez David , McCabe Matthew , Gremillion Jared
Published: March 2018

* Repairing skin and soft-tissue loss after severe trauma remains a daunting task because of the complications that arise throughout treatment. Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has proven to be a useful tool for reducing these complications by facilitating the repair of damaged soft tissue in a variety of scenarios and settings.

* The success of NPWT depends on negative pressure, controlling local edema, the removal of inflammatory mediators, revascularization and granulation, and reducing the wound-bed bioburden.

* NPWT is a reasonable treatment modality when used appropriately according to recommended indications.

* NPWT creates an environment that can help to accelerate healing after devastating soft-tissue loss.

* With a high reported rate of success, NPWT can be used in a variety of settings.

* NPWT has proven to be useful in conjunction with flaps and grafts to further aid the practitioner in repairing damaged tissue.

* NPWT has the potential of eliminating additional surgical procedures and lengthy hospital stays, thus reducing unnecessary costs.
Orthopaedic Primer of Nutritional Requirements for Patients with Musculoskeletal Problems
Authors: Messana Joe , Uhl Richard L. , Aldyab Mahmoud , Rosenbaum Andrew J.
Published: March 2018

* Patients with musculoskeletal problems have special nutritional requirements beyond what is required for baseline homeostasis, including an increased need for calories, protein building blocks (arginine and glutamine), and micronutrients (vitamins A, C, and D and minerals zinc and iron).

* Patients who are undergoing a surgical procedure may have preexisting malnutrition as well as special unmet postoperative requirements that interfere with recovery if not corrected.

* Athletic training requires special nutritional support for an optimal outcome.

* The nutritional assessment of patients with musculoskeletal conditions should emphasize prealbumin, transferrin, and anthropometric parameters.
Adsorption of fluoride on a chitosan-based magnetic nanocomposite: equilibrium and kinetics studies
Authors: Abri Abdolreza , Tajbakhsh Mahmood , Sadeghi Ali
Published: March 2018

A new derivative of chitosan functionalized with chloroacyl chloride and 2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethanol was synthesized for the preparation of a magnetic nanocomposite containing Fe3O4@TiO2 nanoparticles. Characterizations were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The nanocomposite was examined for the defluoridation of water, and the effect of contact time, pH, initial fluoride ion concentration, and adsorbent dosage were investigated. The Langmuir model showed the best agreement with the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity for the fluoride removal from aqueous solutions was 15.385 mg/g at 318 K and pH = 5.0. The adsorption mechanism matches the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with a rate constant (k2) of 0.68 g/mg·min. The thermodynamics study of the nature of adsorption showed that ΔH and ΔS were 13.767 kJ/mol and 0.066 kJ/mol·K respectively. A mechanism for the fluoride sorption was proposed by considering the electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.
Protection Efficacy of C5A Against Vaginal and Rectal HIV Challenges in Humanized Mice
Authors: Gallay Philippe A. , Chatterji Udayan , Kirchhoff Aaron , Gandarilla Angel , Pyles Richard B. , Baum Marc M. , Moss John A.
Published: March 2018

Introduction:

In the absence of a vaccine, there is an urgent need for the identification of effective agents that prevent HIV transmission in uninfected individuals. Non-vaccine Biomedical Prevention (nBP) methods, such as topical or systemic pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), are promising strategies to slow down the spread of AIDS.

Methods:

In this study, we investigated the microbicidal efficacy of the viral membrane-disrupting amphipathic SWLRDIWDWICEVLSDFK peptide called C5A. We chose the bone marrow/liver/thymus (BLT) humanized mouse model as vaginal and rectal HIV transmission models.

Results:

We found that the topical administration of C5A offers complete protection against vaginal and rectal HIV challenges in humanized mice. After demonstrating that C5A blocks genital HIV transmission in humanized mice, we examined the molecular requirements for its microbicidal property. We found that the removal of four amino acids on either end of C5A does not diminish its microbicidal efficacy. However, the removal of four amino acids at both the ends, abolishes its capacity to prevent vaginal or rectal HIV transmission, suggesting that the length of the peptide is a critical parameter for the microbicidal activity of C5A. Moreover, we demonstrated that the amphipathicity of the helical peptide as well as its hydrophobic surface represents key factors for the microbicidal activity of C5A in humanized mice.

Conclusion:

With its noncellular cytotoxic activity, its property of neutralizing both HSV and HIV, and its unique mechanism of action that disrupts the stability of the viral membrane, C5A represents an attractive multipurpose microbicidal candidate to be combined with other anti-HIV agents including antiretrovirals.
Determining the Actual Prevalence of Hepatitis B in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Khan Najeeb Ullah , Zalan Ali , Petruzziello Arnolfo , ud din Iftikhar , Haq Fazle , Hayat Yousaf
Published: March 2018

Background:

Hepatitis B is considered the most dangerous among the five types of Hepatitis, as it is clinically asymptomatic. It can silently damage the liver over many years without being diagnosed. Hepatitis B is one of the top risks of liver complications in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), a province of Pakistan, with an average prevalence rate of 2.70%.

Aims:

We aimed to carefully review the previously published data on prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) in KP-Pakistan and use the statistical approach to obtain more precise estimate of the prevalence of HBV in KP-Pakistan. This study on one hand will provide a more reliable and consolidated estimate (pooled estimate) of HBV in the stated region, on the other hand, it enabled us to judge the heterogeneity among the estimates found from these studies. The study is intended to provide more authentic prevalence record and help government/ non-government organizations and health professionals, which plan to initiate HBV prevention programs in KP-Pakistan.

Methods:

A meta-analysis was performed based on studies found in literature search from electronic databases and bibliography on the prevalence of HBV in KP-Pakistan from 2007 to 2017. Abstracts and results of twenty papers were thoroughly studied and the data were extracted. The findings from these studies were distributed in two groups (general and population at high risk) constituting 15 and 5 studies respectively.

Results:

The combined prevalence by considering random model for the general population of KP-Pakistan was observed to be 2.71%, while population at high risk was reasonably highi.e. 5.64%. By comparing this prevalence rate to the highest global prevalence of HBV in the adult population of Western Pacific Region (6.2%), significant (p-value= 0.000) heterogeneity was observed among the estimates in each group. However, the funnel plot provides a symmetric look, eliminating the effect of publication bias. We can say that HBV has an alarming prevalence rate in KP-Pakistan. However, HBV is thrice more prevalent in male population of KP-Pakistan than the female population.

Conclusion:

The above results lead that HBV infection has reached an alarming state in KP-Pakistan, though projects like Prime Minister’s Program for Prevention & Control of Hepatitis which are contributing in improving the health of the people of KP by trying to prevent and control the incidence of HBV. More massive vaccination and awareness programs should be initiated to prevent the spread of HBV on urgent basis. Provision of diagnostics and treatment facilities against HBV in healthcare units of KP-Pakistan should be assured.