bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of Islam in shaping organisational socially responsible behaviour
Authors: Koleva Petya , Meadows Maureen , Elmasry Ahmed
Published: March 2023

The role of religion in ethical decision‐making, both for individual managers and at an organisational level, remains elusive due to contrasting findings in extant literature. This is exacerbated by a dearth of studies focusing on specific religious mechanisms that can foster ethical decision‐making, particularly with respect to organisational corporate socially responsible (CSR) behaviour and in backgrounds different from Christianity. This exploratory study investigates the mechanisms in Islam that can influence individual/micro‐ and organisational/meso‐level ethical decision‐making, and hence CSR outcomes. It draws on in‐depth, qualitative data from 63 domestic organisations in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Oman. The findings reveal a complex macro‐normative religious environment, founded on specific factors that shape ethics and decision‐making. Internalised by organisational leaders, these factors translate into organisational CSR behaviour as the organisation becomes a place for fulfilling individual religious responsibilities and even creates CSR products shaped around religious principles. The study contributes to the literature on ethical decision‐making, organisational behaviour and Islamic CSR and offers recommendations for policymakers and practitioners on integrating religion within the organisation.
Children's sympathy moderates the link between their attentional orientation and ethical guilt
Authors: Mehrotra Mishika , Dys Sebastian P. , Malti Tina
Published: March 2023

This study examined how children's attentional orientation towards environmental cues, dispositional sympathy and inhibitory control were associated with their ethical guilt. Participants were 4‐ and 6‐year‐old children (N = 211; 55% male) from ethnically diverse backgrounds. To assess ethical guilt, children were presented with two vignettes depicting ethical violations and reported how they would feel and why, if they had committed those transgressions. Using eye tracking, we calculated attentional orientation as the percentage of time children attended to other‐oriented (i.e., victim) minus self‐serving (i.e., object gained by transgressing) cues during these vignettes. Children also reported on their sympathy and completed an observational measure of inhibitory control. Although main effects were not significant, sympathy moderated the link between attentional orientation and ethical guilt: attentional orientation was positively associated with ethical guilt for children with low levels of sympathy but had no effect among those high in sympathy. These findings suggest that practices centred on prompting children to attend to other‐oriented cues – and away from self‐serving ones – may be effective particularly for children who are generally less sympathetic.
A miRNA signature related to stemness identifies high‐risk patients in paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Esperanza‐Cebollada Elena , Gómez‐González Soledad , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Vega‐García Nerea , Vicente‐Garcés Clara , Richarte‐Franqués Mercè , Rives Susana , Català Albert , Torrebadell Montserrat , Camós Mireia
Published: March 2023

Clinical and biological variables like genetic aberrations at diagnosis and the levels of measurable residual disease (MRD) are the most powerful biomarkers to predict the outcome of paediatric leukaemia. Recently, a model integrating the genetic abnormalities, transcriptional identity, and leukaemia stemness measured as leukaemic stem cell score (pLSC6) has been proposed to identify high‐risk paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. However, the role of epigenetics in defining prognosis still needs to be established. We evaluated the role of 89 miRNAs regulating stemness and their contribution to predicting outcomes in 110 paediatric patients with acute leukaemia. We identified a 24‐miRNA signature capable of distinguishing paediatric AML patients with excellent or poor outcomes. We validated these results in an independent cohort using public repository‐based data. The 24‐miRNA signature was significantly associated with the leukaemic stemness scores and the underlying genetics of patients. Notably, the combination of classical prognostic factors (MRD and genetics), the pLSC6 score and the 24‐miRNA signature had a higher capacity to predict the overall and event‐free survival than each variable individually. Our 24‐miRNA signature provides epigenetic data to integrate into genetics, MRD and stemness‐related leukaemic scores to refine risk stratification in paediatric AML patients.
Impact of measurable residual disease on outcomes of unrelated donor haematopoietic cell transplantation with post‐transplant cyclophosphamide in AML in first complete remission
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Labopin Myriam , Dholaria Bhagirathbhai , Blaise Didier , Bondarenko Sergey , Vydra Jan , Choi Goda , Rovira Montserrat , Reményi Péter , Meijer Ellen , Bulabois Claude Eric , Diez‐Martin J. L. , Yakoub‐Agha Ibrahim , Brissot Eolia , Spyridonidis Alexandros , Sanz Jaime , Patel Amit , Arat Mutlu , Bazarbachi Ali , Bug Gesine , Savani Bipin N. , Giebel Sebastian , Ciceri Fabio , Mohty Mohamad
Published: March 2023

Pre‐transplant measurable residual disease (MRD) predicts relapse and outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo‐HCT). The impact of MRD on the outcomes of post‐transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy)‐based allo‐HCT from a matched unrelated donor (UD) is unknown. This study assessed the impact of MRD in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the first complete remission (CR1). A total of 272 patients (MRD negative [MRD−], n = 165; MRD positive [MRD+], n = 107) with a median follow‐up of 19 (range: 16–24) months were studied. The incidence of grades II–IV and grades III–IV acute GVHD at day 180 was 25.2% and 25% (p = 0.99), and 10.6% and 6.8% (p = 0.29), respectively, and 2‐year chronic GVHD was 35% and 30.4% (p = 0.96) in MRD+ and MRD− cohorts, respectively. In multivariate analysis, MRD+ status was associated with a higher incidence of relapse (RI) (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.56, 95% CI: 1.39–4.72), lower leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) (HR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.23–3.39), overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.04–3.25) and GVHD‐free, relapse‐free survival (GRFS) (HR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.10–2.58). MRD status did not have a significant impact on non‐relapse mortality (NRM), or acute or chronic GVHD risk. Among patients with AML undergoing UD allo‐HCT with PTCy, pre‐transplant MRD+ status predicted a higher relapse rate, lower LFS, OS and GRFS.
Do Provincial Governors Control National Legislators? Quasi‐Experimental Evidence of Argentine Federalism
Authors: Cherny Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Do governors control the behaviour of legislators from their provinces and parties in the national congress? The aim of the article is to test gubernatorial subnational political influence on national legislators. I first discuss the problems of the logic behind empirical exercises that measure the legislative influence of governors. Then the study tests gubernatorial influence using quasi‐experimental evidence from Argentina, a federalism that bears all the hallmarks for governors to be central actors in the legislative arena. The results support the hypothesis that governors influence the behaviour of legislators from their provinces and parties in the national congress.
Ending racial disproportionality in child welfare: A systematic review
Authors: Murphy April L. , Boamah Daniel A. , Warfel Erin T. , Griffiths Austin , Roehm David
Published: March 2023

Children of colour, especially non‐Hispanic Black, non‐Hispanic Native American, and non‐Hispanic multiracial, continue to be overrepresented across every decision point in the U.S. child welfare system. Existing research has largely focused on documenting the existence of disproportionality, while there has been less focus on interventions and/or approaches specifically designed to reduce this social problem. This study sought to identify and characterize interventions and/or approaches utilized in child welfare for reducing racial disproportionality by conducting a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines. After reviewing over 1000 studies across eight databases, only three studies met criteria for inclusion in this systematic review. The articles all addressed prevention strategies aimed to address risk factors and subjectivity, while employing interventions across both family and organizational/community levels. Three themes emerged, community‐wide targeted intervention, culturally responsive family preservation, and agency‐specific initiatives, which captured the scope of intervention to the extent as possible. Results indicated that training, collaboration, and comprehensive reform are promising, yet large‐scale systemic efforts must take priority for meaningful change to occur.
Political connections and labor investment efficiency: Evidence from China's private firms
Authors: Zhou Bole , Ge Jing , Ge Pengfei
Published: March 2023

This study investigates whether political connections affect labor investment efficiency. We test this question in the context of China's private firms, where we find that political connections are negatively associated with labor investment efficiency. We also explore the channels through which political connections reduce labor investment efficiency and provide evidence that political connections aggravate both agency problems and information asymmetry. Further tests show that the influence of political connections is more pronounced for firms with overinvestment problems or high‐level political connections, and for firms from regions facing severe unemployment or loose anticorruption. Overall, our results are consistent with the “grabbing hand” argument that politicians destroy firm operational efficiency.
Markers of neutrophil chemotaxis for identification of blood stream infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia undergoing induction treatment
Authors: Weischendorff Sarah , De Pietri Silvia , Rathe Mathias , Frandsen Thomas Leth , Hasle Henrik , Nielsen Claus H. , Moser Claus , Müller Klaus
Published: March 2023

Background

Although neutropenic fever is frequently observed during chemotherapy, only a minor proportion is caused by blood stream infections (BSI). This study investigated measurements of neutrophil chemotaxis as risk markers for BSI in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Methods

The chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 were measured weekly in 106 children with ALL during induction treatment. Information regarding BSI episodes was collected from the patients' medical records.

Results

During induction treatment, 102 (96%) patients developed profound neutropenia and 27 (25%) were diagnosed with BSI, debuting on median day 12 (range: 4–29). Patients developing BSI had increased levels of CXCL1 on days 8 and 15 as well as increased CXCL8 on days 8, 15, 22, and 29 compared to patients without BSI (all p < 0.05). Patients with BSI < day 12 exhibited increased CXCL1 and CXCL8 levels as early as day 8 (81  vs. 4 pg/mL, p = 0.031 and 35 vs. 10 pg/mL, p < 0.0001, respectively), while CXCL1 and CXCL8 were increased on day 15 (215 vs. 57 pg/mL, p = 0.022 and 68 vs. 17 pg/mL, p = 0.0002) and after (all p < 0.01) in patients with BSI ≥ day 12.

Conclusion

The markers of neutrophil chemotaxis, CXCL1, and CXCL8 may help to identify patients at increased risk of BSI during chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia.
Parenting during the second year of COVID‐19: Positive and negative parental experiences in the U.S.A.
Authors: Vaydich Jenny Lee , Anderson Emily Kay , O'Connell Katherine L. , Moreira Nicole , Deonier Caitlin F.
Published: March 2023

Objective

In this study, we examine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on parenting during the second year of the pandemic.

Background

Many families experienced abrupt and prolonged changes in their daily routines. Due to the influence of long‐term stress on parenting quality and parenting behaviors, the current study focused on understanding the potential impact of the ongoing pandemic on parents.

Method

Twenty parents (Mage = 38.25, SD = 7.77), living in the United States, with at least one child (newborn to 18 years of age) participated in an online interview. The majority of participants identified as White/European (80%), married (95%), and female (80%), with an undergraduate degree or higher (95%). All participants were fluent in English. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes based on parents' answers to questions about their parenting and family routines during the pandemic.

Results

Four themes and three subthemes were produced from the data: experiences as a parent (subthemes included negative experiences, positive experiences, and sources of social support), stressors impacting parenting, concerns for child(ren), and changes in child(ren)'s daily lives.

Conclusion

Parents reported experiencing some of the same stressors that were identified at the beginning of the pandemic. The majority had positive and negative experiences parenting, and a few participants reported similarities in their parenting. Many parents utilized their social supports, but some lost social relationships. Finally, potential patterns emerged based on parent gender, household size, and household income.

Implications

Supporting healthy child development during stressful periods may involve providing support for parents and assistance managing parental stress.
Commodified inequality: Racialized harm to children and families in the injustice enterprise
Authors: Hatcher Daniel L.
Published: March 2023

This article addresses the systemic racialized harm of a vast injustice enterprise, with a focus on the symbiotic operations of agencies and justice systems monetizing vulnerable children and families, including the impact of contractual revenue schemes uncovered in my new book, Injustice, Inc. Our foundational justice systems are permeated by a history of racial injustice, and that history reverberates into factory‐like operations that churn children and the poor into revenue. The revenue‐generating mechanisms used by juvenile and family courts, prosecutors, probation departments, police, sheriffs, and detention facilities all draw the concerning historical connection—interlinked with the practices of child and family agencies—as the institutions abdicate their ethical and constitutional requirements in order to commodify inequality.
Why does researchers' collaboration matter in research activities?
Authors: Mwantimwa Kelefa , Kassim Mohamed
Published: March 2023

There has been a global increase in research and discussions surrounding research collaboration in recent years. This study mainly establishes why collaboration matters in research activities. Specifically, the study has ascertained patterns of collaboration, exposed moderating factors of collaboration and established the perceived importance of collaboration in research activities. This has been done using a cross‐sectional descriptive design that employed both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The study used questionnaires and interview methods to collect data from 236 researchers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) was used to analyse quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study notes different patterns of collaboration between researchers. The findings also suggest that researchers with high ranks such as lecturers, senior lecturers and professors have multiple collaboration patterns than those in the lower ranks. Besides this, the study ascertains several moderating factors that foster collaboration in research activities. Apart from this, the study discloses different perceived impacts of collaboration on research activities. Based on its findings, the study recommends that university managements should not underestimate the domestic and international collaborations their researchers establish, manage and maintain. To see a difference in research performance, visibility and reputation, university managements should encourage their researchers to establish domestic and international research collaborations.
Functional and aesthetic outcomes of abdominal full‐thickness skin grafts in paediatric postburn digital and palmar flexion contractures
Authors: Liang Hongyu , Hu Quan , Cai Jianhua , Li Pengcheng , Shi Jun , Liu Hailiang , Yang Longlong , Shen Chuanan
Published: March 2023

The study aimed to assess the functional and aesthetic outcomes of abdominal full‐thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) in paediatric postburn digital and palmar flexion contractures. The digital and palmar functions and aesthetics of 50 children who met the criteria were evaluated at pre‐operation, the 3rd‐ and 12th‐month post‐operation, respectively. In the evaluation, the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), total active movement (TAM), and Jebsen–Taylor Hand Function Test (JHFT) were used. The contralateral, unaffected hand served as the criteria for functional recovery. The complications of donor sites were observed, and the take rate of skin grafts was calculated. The VSS scores at the 3rd and 12th months post‐operation were lower than those before the operation. The TAM of each finger was improved at the 3rd and 12th months post‐operation, compared with that before the operation. There was a significant difference in the time to complete the JHFT between the affected hand and the unaffected at the 3rd month post‐operation, but no significant difference between them at the 12th month post‐operation. The excellent and good take rate of the skin grafts was 90.00%.No donor site complications were observed. The abdominal FTSGs are effective in repairing paediatric digital and palmar scar contractures, with satisfying functional and aesthetic results, especially in large defects after scar release and resection.
Distinctive root system adaptation of ploidy wheats to water stress: A cue to yield enhancement
Authors: Li Pu‐Fang , Ma Bao‐Luo , Palta Jairo A. , Wei Xiao‐Fei , Guo Sha , Ding Tong‐Tong , Ma Yong‐Qing
Published: March 2023

Given the worldwide effort to improve crop drought resistance, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms of root system adaptation of ploidy wheat to water‐deficient environments. A meta‐analysis was performed to examine the changes in root system mechanisms under drought conditions. Data used in the analysis were drawn from 192 papers, taking into account wheat ploidy levels as well as pot and field studies. The results illustrated that water stress reduced grain yield and aboveground biomass to a greater extent in diploid and tetraploid compared with hexaploid genotypes. In contrast, drought reduced root biomass, root surface area and root volume more in hexaploid than in diploid and tetraploid wheat. Under water‐limited conditions, diploid and tetraploid genotypes exhibited greater root biomass and root length densities in the topsoil. Hexaploid genotypes greatly reduced root biomass and root length density in the topsoil and maintained higher root biomass and root length density in subsoil. These genotypes also showed smaller root diameter and xylem centre vessel diameter under drought conditions. The analysis revealed that grain yield was negatively correlated with topsoil root biomass and root length density, root volume, root diameter and xylem centre vessel, but positively correlated with subsoil root mass, root length density and root vigour. The study demonstrated that domestication and selection pressures of ploidy wheat have altered wheat root system traits while improving grain yield. Greater root mass and root length densities in the subsoil facilitate access to soil moisture from deep layers, contributing to high yields in drought environments.
SGLT2 inhibitors reduce sudden cardiac death risk in heart failure: Meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Oates Connor P. , Santos‐Gallego Carlos G. , Smith Alex , Basyal Binaya , Moss Noah , Kawamura Iwanari , Musikantow Daniel R. , Turagam Mohit K. , Miller Marc A. , Whang William , Dukkipati Srinivas R. , Reddy Vivek Y. , Koruth Jacob S.
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) decrease the composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalizations in all heart failure patients. It is uncertain whether SGLT2i impacts the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure.

Methods

A comprehensive search was performed to identify relevant data published before August 28, 2022. Trials were included if: (1) all patients had clinical heart failure (2) SGLT2i and placebo were compared (3) all patients received conventional medical therapy and (4) reported outcomes of interest (sudden cardiac death [SCD], ventricular arrhythmias, atrial arrhythmias).

Results

SCD was reported in seven of the eleven trials meeting selection criteria: 10 796 patients received SGLT2i and 10 796 received placebo. SGLT2i therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of SCD (risk ratios [RR]: 0.68; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.48−0.95; p = .03; I2 = 0%). Absent dedicated rhythm monitoring, there were no significant differences in the incidence of sustained ventricular arrhythmias not associated with SCD (RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 0.83−1.29; p = .77; I2 = 0%) or atrial arrhythmias (RR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.77–1.09; p = .31; I2 = 29%) between patients receiving an SGLT2i versus placebo.

Conclusion

SGLT2i therapy is associated with a reduced risk of SCD in patients with heart failure receiving contemporary medical therapy. Prospective trials are needed to determine the long‐term impact of SGLT2i therapy on atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
Perceptual learning in dermatology—A Finnish cohort study of undergraduate medical students
Authors: Salava A. , Salmela V.
Published: March 2023

Background

Implicit visual skills play an important role in the recognition of skin‐related conditions.

Objectives

We aimed to evaluate effectiveness and practicability of digital perceptual learning modules (PLMs) during undergraduate teaching of dermatology.

Methods

The study consisted of four subsequent dermatology courses including 105 medical students. PLMs designed for an online setting were carried out before, during and at course ends, as well as 6–12 months after the courses (N = 33). We investigated four important outcome measures regarding perceptual learning: diagnostic accuracy (%‐percentage of correct responses), decision duration (response time), recognized features (decision basis) and student‐perceived confidence.

Results

Diagnostic accuracy (p < 0.001, effect size  = 0.82), fluency (p < 0.001,  = 0.23) and confidence (p < 0.001,  = 0.74) increased significantly with successive PLMs during courses. Students classified more visual features and based the diagnosis more on primary lesion. Accuracy increased in all tasks during the courses and reached over 90% in diagnoses of the first to third task difficulty quartile. In the most difficult quartile accuracy reached to 60%. In the follow‐up, students' performance remained at high level. Analysis of diagnostic errors showed that there were specific conditions which were systematically confused with each other.

Conclusions

Digital PLMs improved high rates of diagnostic accuracy, fluency and student‐perceived confidence in recognition of skin‐related conditions. There was a long‐term consistency in high performance suggesting effective learning retention. In the digital setting, PLMs were practicable and easily integrated into traditional teachings. We believe that there is extensive potential for a wider use of perceptual learning to improve nonanalytical visual skills in dermatology and medical education in general.
Performance and diversification benefits of IPO‐focused mutual funds
Authors: Kammoun Manel , Mrissa Bouden Habiba
Published: March 2023

We investigate whether mutual funds that invest in initial public offerings (IPOs) outperform the Renaissance IPO Index, IPOX® 100 U.S. Index, and other comparable equity funds that do not invest in IPOs. We also explore whether investors gain diversification benefits by investing in IPO‐focused mutual funds. Using a sample of active open‐ended US equity mutual funds, we find that IPO‐focused funds outperform the Renaissance IPO Index and comparable funds that do not invest in IPOs. Moreover, they provide investors with the benefit of diversification along with better returns. We also find the value added by active management based on IPO strategy.
Competencies for video telemedicine with older adult patients
Authors: Powers Becky B. , Van Zuilen Rose Maria , Schwartz Andrea Wershof , Dang Stuti , McLaren Jaye E. , Hoang‐Gia Dat , Moo Lauren R.
Published: March 2023

Background

Telemedicine has recently become a part of mainstream clinical practice. Many curricula have been developed to teach general and specialty‐specific video telemedicine skills; however, a lack of defined best practices for translating comprehensive interprofessional geriatric care to the virtual setting presents a unique challenge to educators and clinicians. This manuscript introduces and describes the development of competencies for video telemedicine with older adults for all health professionals who treat them.

Methods

A modified Delphi process was used in competency development. In 2019, interprofessional clinicians and educators who had expertise in telemedicine formed a competency development workgroup. The aim was to draft competencies for interprofessional video telemedicine with older adults while not duplicating existing competencies in geriatrics, interprofessional care, or general telemedicine. Draft competencies were circulated among experts in geriatric telemedicine and geriatric education for two rounds of comments. The competencies incorporated comments from 41 clinicians representing 7 professions.

Results

Twenty‐three competencies were created spanning six domains. A temporal organization by domain was used: (1) Overarching considerations, (2) Pre‐visit preparation, (3) Beginning of the visit, (4) History taking and communication during the visit, (5) Exam during the visit (organized by the 5Ms: Mind, Mobility, Medication, Multicomplexity, and Matters Most), and (6) Post‐visit coordination.

Conclusions

These newly developed competencies fill a gap left by those developed for specific disciplines or that do not address considerations for older adults. They lay the groundwork for curriculum development and the development of virtual Age‐Friendly care.
Untreated major depression in healthcare workers: Results from the nationwide AMADEUS survey
Authors: Fond Guillaume , Lucas Guillaume , Boyer Laurent
Published: March 2023

Aims

Recent studies have suggested increased rates of depression in healthcare workers (HCWs), with direct impact on care quality and productivity. The objective was to determine the proportion of HCWs adequately treated for their major depression in a nationwide survey, the proportion of lifestyle risk factors for depression, and to determine if working in psychiatry department or professional status may modulate these outcomes.

Design

The method followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement guidelines. A survey comprising the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale was sent to public and private national healthcare facilities.

Results

Overall, 10,325 participants were recruited; 3438 (33.3%) [95% confidence interval 32.4–34.2] met likely diagnostic criteria for clinical depression. Almost 80% of them declared that they had a history of major depressive episode. However, only approximately 23% of them were treated with antidepressants and approximately 13% had a psychiatric follow‐up. Depressed HCWs working in psychiatry departments received slightly better care for their depression, but they also consumed more anxiolytics and hypnotics and had more risk factors for depression (including smoking and hazardous drinking). We found specificities according to professions, physicians reported higher rates of hazardous drinking while nurses, nurse assistants, and health executives had higher rates of smoking and twice as much obesity as physicians.

Conclusion

Disseminating tools to detect major depression, programs destigmatizing depression and antidepressants, promoting physical activity, weight loss, tobacco cessation and reduced alcohol consumption are promising strategies to improve the care of major depression in HCWs.

Relevance to clinical practice

Reducing depression in healthcare workers is necessary to improve the quality of care, to limit burnout, medical errors, absenteeism and turn‐over and globally to improve the wellbeing at work.
Development and Effectiveness of the School‐Based Education Program for Coping With Particulate Matter
Authors: Cho Soo Hyun , Oh Won‐Oak , Suk Minhyun , Park Soo Kyung
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Adolescents are considered to be vulnerable to particulate matter (PM). This study aims to develop and verify the effectiveness of the “school‐based education program for coping with particulate matter (SEPC_PM).” This program was designed by employing the health belief model.

METHODS

High school students between the ages of 15 and 18 in South Korea participated in the program. This study employed a nonequivalent control group pretest‐posttest design. A total of 113 students participated in the study; of these, 56 students participated in the intervention group, and 57 in the control group. The intervention group received 8 intervention sessions the SEPC_PM over the course of 4 weeks.

RESULTS

After the completion of the program, the intervention group's knowledge about PM showed a statistically significant increase (t = 4.79, p < .001). The practice of engaging in health‐managing behaviors to protect against PM also showed statistically significant improvement in the intervention group, with the greatest progress in practicing precaution when outdoors (t = 2.22, p = .029). No statistically significant changes were observed regarding other dependent variables. However, a subdomain of the variable of perceived self‐efficacy for engaging in health‐managing behaviors to protect against PM (degree of body cleansing after returning home) demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the intervention group (t = 1.99, p = .049).

CONCLUSIONS

The SEPC_PM may be proposed for incorporation into regular high school curricula to improve students' health by encouraging them to take necessary actions against PM.
Effect of homeostatic pressure on daytime vigilance performance: Evidence from behaviour and resting‐state EEG
Authors: Hao Chao , Xie Tian , Peng Yudi , Li Mingzhu , Luo Wei , Ma Ning
Published: March 2023

Vigilance is highly sensitive to the time‐of‐day effect and goes through the daytime trough during the period of the post‐noon dip. A midday nap could maintain individuals’ vigilance at an optimal level. Thus, homeostatic sleep pressure is one of the main reasons for the post‐noon dip in daytime vigilance. The current study focussed on the role of homeostatic sleep pressure in the diurnal variation of vigilance performance with normal circadian rhythms and the corresponding neural basis. With 34 healthy adults, we recorded the resting‐state electroencephalogram activities and the following vigilance performance measured by psychomotor vigilance test in the morning, the no‐nap mid afternoon, and the nap mid afternoon. The circadian process was controlled by measuring vigilance and resting‐state electroencephalogram activities at the same time point in the nap and no‐nap conditions. Homeostatic sleep pressure accumulated from morning to mid afternoon induced the declined vigilance performance and a global increase in resting‐state delta, theta, alpha, and beta1 bands power, and a local increase in beta2 band power in the central region. Furthermore, the more the spontaneous beta2 power increased, the less vigilance declined from morning to mid afternoon. The current findings suggest that homeostatic sleep pressure increased cortical excitability but decreased cortical communication efficiency from morning to mid afternoon. In addition, the activity of the high beta waves probably reflected the compensatory effort to counteract the negative impact of the low arousal state on the following vigilance task by performing more action preparation in the no‐nap afternoon.
Effects of nitrogen deposition on carbon and nutrient cycling along a natural soil acidity gradient as revealed by metagenomics
Authors: Hagh‐Doust Niloufar , Mikryukov Vladimir , Anslan Sten , Bahram Mohammad , Puusepp Rasmus , Dulya Olesya , Tedersoo Leho
Published: March 2023

Nitrogen (N) deposition and soil acidification are environmental challenges affecting ecosystem functioning, health, and biodiversity, but their effects on functional genes are poorly understood.

Here, we utilized metabarcoding and metagenomics to investigate the responses of soil functional genes to N deposition along a natural soil pH gradient. Soil N content was uncorrelated with pH, enabling us to investigate their effects separately.

Soil acidity strongly and negatively affected the relative abundances of most cluster of orthologous gene categories of the metabolism supercategory. Similarly, soil acidity negatively affected the diversity of functional genes related to carbon and N but not phosphorus cycling. Multivariate analyses showed that soil pH was the most important factor affecting microbial and functional gene composition, while the effects of N deposition were less important. Relative abundance of KEGG functional modules related to different parts of the studied cycles showed variable responses to soil acidity and N deposition. Furthermore, our results suggested that the diversity–function relationship reported for other organisms also applies to soil microbiomes.

Since N deposition and soil pH affected microbial taxonomic and functional composition to a different extent, we conclude that N deposition effects might be primarily mediated through soil acidification in forest ecosystems.
Advanced sedation in oral surgery as an alternative to General Anaesthetic: A service evaluation
Authors: Cullingham Pippa , George Giju
Published: March 2023

Aim

The management of dentoalveolar procedures under general anaesthetic has been a widespread challenge recently. The establishment and implementation of an advanced sedation service within the oral surgery department at Liverpool University Dental Hospital offered a potential alternative to managing those awaiting procedures. A comprehensive service evaluation aimed to demonstrate that patients previously considered for general anaesthetic could be safely and efficiently managed with an advanced sedation service.

Materials and Methods

The service evaluation employed mixed methods; a data collection tool captured procedural demographics retrospectively whilst a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) was designed to engage patients regarding their experience.

Results

The service evaluation highlighted that 27% of patients previously listed for general anaesthetic were managed with local anaesthetic or conscious sedation alone. The sedation outcomes demonstrated that all patients were co‐operative and achieved an optimal level of sedation. No adverse sedation outcomes were recorded. Patient‐reported outcomes were positive with 100% rating it as an excellent service.

Conclusions

The use of an advanced sedation service has demonstrated successful outcomes and reduced reliance on theatre resources. The use of polypharmacy; midazolam and propofol, provides a safe, effective and efficient modality to perform complex procedures in an outpatient hospital setting. Advanced sedation techniques can be particularly effective in the management of complex procedures, dental anxiety and in adolescent and medically complex patients. Patient engagement supports the service as an effective option for delivering quality care.
Open‐window mapping for ablation of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome related hemodynamically unstable tachycardia
Authors: Kantharia Bharat K. , Shah Arti N
Published: March 2023

During catheter ablation (CA) of tachycardia, conventional point‐by‐point mapping may be hindered due to hemodynamic instability. We performed open‐window mapping (CARTO, Biosense Webster, USA) in a patient who developed hemodynamic instability during orthodromic atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) and unwarranted induction of AVRT during attempts to map accessory pathway (AP) with ventricular pacing. With over 11,000 points acquired rapidly, the system accurately identified AP at the mitral valve (MV) annulus where the application of single radiofrequency (RF) lesion promptly eliminated AP's conduction. Our case illustrates the utility of open‐window mapping for the ablation of AVRT.
The inferior frontal gyrus spontaneous activity mediates the association of early life adversity with self‐control ability in late adolescents
Authors: Li Qingqing , Song Shiqing , Xiang Guangcan , Fu Zhenrong , Zhou Zongkui , Chen Hong
Published: March 2023

Self‐control, the ability to regulate prepotent desires or impulses in order to realize one's valued goal, has been found to be associated with early life adversity. However, the neural correlates underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. The present study employedresting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) to investigate this issue among late adolescents (N = 538). Results showed that family unpredictability rather than family harshness of early life adversity was negatively correlated with self‐control ability. The whole brain analysis showed that self‐control was associated with enhanced ALFF in the right middle and inferior frontal gyrus, the left anterior insula, and with decreased ALFF in the left precuneus. Moreover, the mediating analysis showed that ALFF in the inferior frontal gyrus could partially mediated the association of family unpredictability with self‐control ability. These findings suggested that the brain regions implicating in executive control might be the neural correlates underlying the relationship between early life adversity and self‐control ability, which advances the mechanistic understanding of how early family environment relates to the development of self‐regulation in late adolescence.
Palliative care for interstitial lung disease: A nationwide survey of pulmonary specialists
Authors: Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Akiyama Norimichi , Morita Tatsuya , Koyauchi Takafumi , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Mori Masanori , Miyashita Mitsunori , Tachikawa Ryo , Tomii Keisuke , Tomioka Hiromi , Hagimoto Satoshi , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Inoue Yoshikazu , Suda Takafumi
Published: March 2023

Background and Objective

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is progressive with high symptom burdens and poor prognosis. Patients with ILD need optimal palliative care to maintain their quality of life, however, few nationwide surveys have addressed palliative care for ILD.

Methods

A nationwide, self‐administered questionnaire was conducted. Questionnaires were sent by mail to pulmonary specialists certified by the Japanese Respiratory Society (n = 3423). The current practices of PC for ILD, end‐of‐life communication, referral to a PC team, barriers to PC for ILD, and comparison of PC between ILD and lung cancer (LC).

Results

1332 (38.9%) participants completed the questionnaire, and the data of 1023 participants who had cared for ILD patients in the last year were analysed. Most participants reported that ILD patients often or always complained of dyspnoea and cough, but only 25% had referred them to a PC team. The timing of end‐of‐life communication tended to be later than the physician‐perceived ideal timing. The participants experienced significantly greater difficulty in symptomatic relief and decision‐making in PC for ILD compared to LC. Prescription of opioids for dyspnoea was less frequent for ILD than for LC. ILD‐specific barriers in PC included an ‘inability to predict prognosis’, ‘lack of established treatments for dyspnoea’, ‘shortage of psychological and social support’, and ‘difficulty for patients/families to accept the disease's poor prognosis’.

Conclusion

Pulmonary specialists experienced more difficulty in providing PC for ILD compared to LC and reported considerable ILD‐specific barriers in PC. Multifaceted clinical studies are needed to develop optimal PC for ILD.
Identification of the novel HLA‐C*01:02:86 allele in a Chinese individual
Authors: Shi Xiu‐Min , Li Pei‐Tong , Hu Rui‐Ping , Han Wei , Gao Su‐Jun
Published: March 2023

HLA‐C*01:02:86 has one synonymous nucleotide C > T change from HLA‐C*01:02:01:01 at nucleotide 879 (residue 269 Proline).
Next‐generation sequencing identifies two novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles, HLA‐DRB1*04:362 and HLA‐DRB1*07:148
Authors: Loginova Maria , Repnicyna Kristina , Paramonov Igor
Published: March 2023

Two novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles identified by NGS, HLA‐DRB1*04:362 and HLA‐DRB1*07:148.
Genomic sequence of the HLA‐B*13:177, HLA‐C*06:02:104, and HLA‐C*07:1062N alleles identified in bone marrow donors
Authors: Loginova Maria , Smirnova Daria , Paramonov Igor
Published: March 2023

The full‐length sequence of HLA‐B*13:177, HLA‐C*06:02:104 and HLA‐C*07:1062N are reported.
Salicylic acid regulates two photosystem II protection pathways in tomato under chilling stress mediated by ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3‐like proteins
Authors: Zhang Meng , Zhang Mingyue , Wang Jieyu , Dai Shanshan , Zhang Minghui , Meng Qingwei , Ma Nana , Zhuang Kunyang
Published: March 2023

Chilling stress seriously impairs photosynthesis and activates a series of molecular responses in plants. Previous studies have shown that ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 (EIN3) and EIN3‐like (SlEIL) proteins mediate ethylene signaling and reduce plant tolerance to freezing in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying an EIN3/EILs‐mediated photoprotection pathway under chilling stress are unclear. Here, we discovered that salicylic acid (SA) participates in photosystem II (PSII) protection via SlEIL2 and SlEIL7. Under chilling stress, the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase gene SlPAL5 plays an important role in the production of SA, which also induces WHIRLY1 (SlWHY1) transcription. The resulting accumulation of SlWHY1 activates SlEIL7 expression under chilling stress. SlEIL7 then binds to and blocks the repression domain of the heat shock factor SlHSFB‐2B, releasing its inhibition of HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 21 (HSP21) expression to maintain PSII stability. In addition, SlWHY1 indirectly represses SlEIL2 expression, allowing the expression of l‐GALACTOSE‐1‐PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATASE3 (SlGPP3). The ensuing higher SlGPP3 abundance promotes the accumulation of ascorbic acid (AsA), which scavenges reactive oxygen species produced upon chilling stress and thus protects PSII. Our study demonstrates that SlEIL2 and SlEIL7 protect PSII under chilling stress via two different SA response mechanisms: one involving the antioxidant AsA and the other involving the photoprotective chaperone protein HSP21.
A combination of modified Kuhnt–Szymanowski and Celsus–Hotz techniques for correction of entropion and overlong lower eyelids in dogs (40 eyes)
Authors: Walter Hanna , Bilotta Teresa , Goncalves Catarina , Busse Claudia
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To describe a surgical approach to correct entropion and overlong lower eyelids in dogs by combining the Celsus–Hotz with the modified Kuhnt–Szymanowski technique.

Methods

Medical records of patients undergoing the described surgical procedure were reviewed. A semilunar‐shaped piece of lower eyelid was excised and combined with an angled incision at the most lateral aspect of the wound. Adjacent to this incision a skin flap was mobilized to expose the subcutaneous tissue in the ventral aspects. A four‐sided wedge resection was used to shorten the lid margin in variable positions. Following closure of the eyelid margin wedge resection, a wedge of equal width was removed from the lateral skin flap. Skin and subcutaneous tissues were closed in a routine fashion.

Results

All surgeries were performed by an ECVO diplomate or resident. The surgery was performed unilaterally in four and bilaterally in 18 dogs. Most common breeds were English Bulldog (n = 7), Saint Bernard (3), Rottweiler (2) and Cane Corso Italiano (2). Median age was 22 months (range 5–100 months). Median follow‐up was 30 days (range 9–987 days). A single surgical procedure was sufficient to correct the entropion in 97.5% (39/40) of eyes.

Conclusion

The combination technique described is a suitable surgical procedure to simultaneously correct lower lid entropion and excessive eyelid length, with the added benefits of a stepped wound closure and a flexible lid margin wedge positioning.
Sulcus intraocular lens implantation in 17 dogs using a modified ab externo technique
Authors: Moody Leah M. , Kuhn‐Asif Sonia E. , Westermeyer Hans D. , Hendrix Diane V. H. , Ward Daniel A.
Published: March 2023

Objective

To describe a modified ab externo method of sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) fixation and report outcomes of eyes treated with this approach.

Procedures

Records of patients with lens instability or luxation that underwent a lensectomy and sulcus IOL implantation from January 2004 to December 2020 were reviewed.

Results

Nineteen eyes of 17 dogs had a sulcus IOL placed via a modified ab externo approach. The median follow‐up time was 546 days (range 29–3387 days). Eight eyes (42.1%) developed POH. A total of six eyes (31.6%) developed glaucoma and required medical management long term to control IOP. The IOL position was satisfactory in most cases. Nine eyes developed superficial corneal ulcers within 4 weeks following surgery, all of which healed without complication. At the time of the last follow‐up, 17 eyes were visual (89.5%).

Conclusions

The technique described represents a potentially less technically challenging option for sulcus IOL implantation. The success rate and complications are similar to previously described approaches.
Oral appliance therapy for the management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Ghosh Parvathy , Janakiram Chandrashekar , Nilambur Kovilakam Sapna Varma , Vallikat Velath Ajith , Kadekuzhi Sarika
Published: March 2023

Objective:

The objective of this review is to summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of oral appliance therapy compared with other therapeutic approaches (continuous positive airway pressure, maxillomandibular and upper airway surgeries, behavioral techniques) for the management of obstructive sleep apnea in adults.

Introduction:

For primary snoring, mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea, and patients with a severe condition who are intolerant of continuous positive airway pressure therapy, an oral appliance is the treatment of choice among conservative procedures. The effectiveness of these appliances is largely determined by a variety of parameters, including the severity of sleep apnea (mild, moderate, severe), materials and methods used to fabricate the appliance, and the degree of mandibular protrusion. Thus, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of oral appliances in the reduction of sleep apnea.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include systematic reviews of quantitative studies reporting on the effectiveness of oral appliances for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea of any severity, confirmed using polysomnography. The primary outcome will be measured by reduction in the apnea–hypopnea index.

Methods:

A search will be conducted of MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, Embase, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, and Shodhganga Dissertations and Theses from database inception until the present, with no language restrictions. Google Scholar will be searched manually. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles and perform data extraction. Quality assessment will be conducted using the standard JBI critical appraisal tool. Data will be extracted from systematic reviews and a synthesis of the findings will be presented. The certainty will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42021258515