bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El desafío de las tecnologías emergentes para la práctica de la auditoría externa impositiva en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Fernández Valiente Juan Carlos
Published: November 2022

El propósito fundamental de esta investigación fue dar a conocer las alternativas existentes para la realización del trabajo de auditoría externa impositiva a distancia en empresas sujetas a esta disposición ante la inminente llegada de la globalización que incluyen un sin fin de adelantos tecnológicos y las cuestiones sanitarias a nivel mundial con relación al Covid-19 que aceleraron el proceso de implementación de nuevas formas de vivir y el desenvolvimiento en el ámbito laboral. El objetivo general es analizar el uso de las tecnologías emergentes para la práctica de la auditoría impositiva en tiempos de pandemia. Se describió que actualmente las auditorías impositivas son realizadas de acuerdo a la Declaración de Prácticas de Auditoría emitida por el Consejo de Contadores del Paraguay. Por otro lado, se identificó las herramientas disponibles para la realización de una Auditoría Impositiva a distancia como por ejemplo las plataformas Zoom, Meet, Teams, entre otros para videoconferencias; para la transmisión de archivos se dispone de opciones como OnionShare, Lufi, Datash, entre otros y para recorridos virtuales existen tecnologías como Hodei o Avatour 360. También, se comparó las dos formas de auditoría presencial/distancia no existiendo diferencias significativas salvo el uso de la tecnología para reemplazar la presencialidad en el cliente. Por último, se estableció la necesidad de contar con un modelo de Declaración de Prácticas de Auditoría a distancia a ser propuesto al gremio de contadores para la emisión de la norma correspondiente.
Aula invertida: Estrategia aplicada en la educación de posgrado de FOTRIEM. Paraguay. Año 2019
Authors: Ruoti Cosp Nora Lucía
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo por objetivo principal analizar la aceptación y valoración del método denominado “Aula invertida by Nora Ruoti”, como enfoque de aprendizaje en la educación de posgrado por parte de los estudiantes de la maestría en impuestos del segundo semestre del año 2019 de la Facultad FOTRIEM de la República del Paraguay. Para tal efecto se establecieron los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1) Identificar los principales enfoques de aprendizaje en la educación de posgrado y el más adecuado para el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes 2) Determinar los pilares fundamentales del método denominado aula invertida o flipped classroom y su utilización específica en la educación de posgrado. 3) Describir la aplicación del método “Aula invertida by Nora Ruoti”, sus particularidades y objetivos específicos, y a partir de los resultados de la investigación se realizaron recomendaciones para su implementación futura. Para tal efecto se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y se aplicó un cuestionario orientado a determinar los objetivos de la investigación. Los datos se recogieron de manera longitudinal a los estudiantes. La muestra del estudio fue de 114 participantes de un universo de 176. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que el enfoque de aprendizaje profundo, con participación activa, incentivada mediante el método de aula invertida, aun cuando requiera mayor inversión de tiempo y dedicación de diversos actores de la comunidad educativa, son altamente satisfactorios en el rendimiento de los estudiantes de nivel de postgrado.
Mecanismo para la optimización de las gestiones de devolución del Impuesto al Valor Agregado por Operaciones de Exportación ante la Subsecretaría de Estado de Tributación (SET)
Authors: Núñez Feris Francisco Alejandro
Published: November 2022

El problema viene dado en los términos de baja eficiencia en la aplicabilidad de la norma que rige el procedimiento de devolución del IVA a los exportadores, aunque, parece expedita la AT tiene debilidades en la ejecución de este. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo general analizar los mecanismos para la optimización de las gestiones de devolución del Impuesto al Valor Agregado por operaciones de exportación ante la Subsecretaría de Estado de Tributación, en el periodo 2021. Internalizando el hecho que la devolución del crédito por el Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA) es un derecho que tienen los exportadores conforme a la normativa vigente del Paraguay. Estas normas han sido actualizadas conforme el país avanza en la globalización, creando herramientas con el apoyo de las Técnicas de Información y comunicación, integrando en sus procedimientos, por ende, la tecnología; en la actualidad algunos trámites se procesan de forma electrónica, entre ellos se puede mencionar la presentación de la documentación inicial requerida y la utilización de la firma digital por parte del contribuyente. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se empleó un enfoque mixto cualitativo y cuantitativo, con método deductivo, no experimental, un estudio transversal con una modalidad de campo. Se diseñó una encuesta a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario empleando la herramienta Google Froms, apoyándose con análisis comparativo de otras legislaciones tributarias en la materia de estudio. El autor concluye la existencia de debilidades en el procedimiento, por tanto, se sugiere a la A.T. implemente las recomendaciones de mejoras especificadas.
Auditoría externa impositiva y su relación con el control interno de las empresas
Authors: Brítez María Perla
Published: November 2022

Los cambios constantes de la economía mundial exigen estar preparado ante los diferentes elementos tributarios con la finalidad de mitigar las contingencias, la Auditoría Externa Impositiva garantiza ese control el cuál no está aislado del proceso de control interno de las empresas. El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar los principales elementos entre la relación entre la Auditoría Externa Impositiva y la evaluación de los sistemas de Control Interno de las empresas de la Ciudad de Caaguazú, año 2020, con la intención de establecer un material que contengan informaciones concernientes, y al mismo que delimiten la importancia de la Auditoría externa impositiva y su relación con el control interno de las empresas de la Ciudad de Caaguazú, en lo que respecta al año 2020. En tal sentido, se analizó el problema fundamental de la debilidad de los controles internos que se reflejan en la evaluación por parte de auditoría externa; la misma tuvo como objetivo principal analizar los principales elementos entre la relación con la Auditoría Externa Impositiva y la evaluación de los sistemas de Control Interno de las empresas de la Ciudad de Caaguazú, año 2020. Finalmente, se logró obtener que, actualmente existan muchas empresas que ya están obligadas a contar con los servicios de auditoría externa impositiva y que en todas las empresas es de vital importancia la aplicación de los controles para minimizar las contingencias que pudieran surgir en el desarrollo de sus actividades.
The Church and the churches: ecclesiological reflections at the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches
Authors: McGeoch Graham
Published: November 2022

The World Council of Churches (WCC) is a fellowship of churches. However, membership of the fellowship of churches does not imply (tacitly or otherwise) ecclesiological recognition of other member churches. This “ecclesiological tension” has been addressed in a number of ways through the years by the WCC, most notably through the work of the Special Commission on Orthodox Participation in the WCC. Since the 9th assembly in Porto Alegre (2006), ecclesiological matters have appeared in assembly statements, and more substantially in the working agenda of Faith and Order. The convergence document, The Church: towards a common vision was received by the WCC Central Committee and sent to the member churches for discussion and response in 2013. The responses were presented and discussed at the 11th assembly in Karlsuhe (2022). This article offers a personal reflection on the eccelsiology and the WCC.
The ministry of reconciliation: why the churches owe the message of reconciliation to a divided world
Authors: Klaiber Walter
Published: November 2022

The theme of the 11th Assembly of the World Council of Churches reads: Christ's love moves the world to reconciliation and unity. This subject is obviously a lot timelier than those who chose it may have thought. In these days, what would our world need more than reconciliation, peace and unity? And not only the world is in need of reconciliation, but also the Church. Many of the traditional schisms still exist, but even in the family of Orthodox churches which always has been proud of preserving the unity of the Church there is a deep split. One part of it is of the opinion that the allegiance to the nation and its war is more important than the unity and loyalty with a sister Church. Therefore, the question arises: is it true that “Christ’s love moves the world to reconciliation and unity”? This article examines what the Bible really says about reconciliation and unity and the effect of Christ's love in view of the Church and the world.
Martin Luther, Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov and Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky: an unexpected convergence regarding the concept of the “new theology”
Authors: Žak Lubomir
Published: November 2022

Luther, on the one hand, and Bulgakov and Florensky on the other, are theologians who at first glance show numerous differences. They belong to different historical periods and different geographical and linguistic areas, to different Christian denominations and to different schools of theology. From another point of view, however, these three figures show a series of convergences regarding one of the main aims of their intellectual activity: the elaboration of a “new theology” capable of generating a better understanding and transmission of the living and life-giving truth of Christian revelation. Adopting an epistemological perspective as the basis of an analysis of their theologies, the present article seeks to highlight an unexpected agreement between the epistemological choices that the three theologians make on their way to the creation of a new theological model. The study invites the reader to consider that, as in the case of the two Russian theologians, one of the problems for the interpretation and reception of Luther’s theology lies in his epistemological particularity. This fact is relevant to the Catholic-Lutheran dialogue.
Combining Ability, Heritability and Genetic Variance in Tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) Genotypes
Authors: Ibirinde D. O. , Oladokun L. , Kolawole A. O. , Aremu C. O. , Iliya M. N.
Published: November 2022

A study was conducted to determine gene actions controlling yield and other qualitative traits of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum) as well as combining ability among selected genotypes at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. Five tomato genotypes and ten offspring (F1), obtained from a 5×5 diallel crosses were sown in plots, arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with three replicates. Data were collected on plant height (PH), number of cluster per plant, days to 50% flowering (50%FL), individual fruit weight (IFW), number of fruits per plant (NFPP), pericarp thickness (PT), number of lobe (NOL), number of seeds per fruit (NSPF), fruit lycopene (LYCOP), ascorbic acid content (ASCO) and fruit yield (YH). Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (P=0.05). Also, diallel analysis was carried out to determine the General and Specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA) of the parents and hybrids respectively, following the Griffing (1956) Method II for partial diallel analysis. Results obtained showed significant differences among the genotypes, for all the characters measured. Also, non-additive and additive gene actions were responsible for the genetic control of the traits. The ratio of GCA and SCA were < 1 for Plant height, CPPL, 50%FL, IFW, NFPP, PT, NOL, NSPF, LYCOP, ASCO and YH thus revealing the preponderance of non-additive gene action. GCA analysis suggested that parents Uc-op and Ibadan-local were the best general combiners while, SCA performance suggested that FDT4 X FDT2 was the best specific combiner. Broad sense heritability for NOL, NSPF, LYCOP, and ASCO were above 90%, indicating that they were highly heritable while narrow sense heritability of NOL was very high (55% and 83% respectively), PH, NSPF, NFPPL and LYCOP were moderate ranging between 20% and 38%. It is concluded that high yielding tomato hybrids, best combiners and a guide line for the assessment of relative parents breeding potential of the parents could be established following diallel technique.
Comparative Study of Emulsifier in Mellorine
Authors: Santi Andi , Syukroni Ikbal , Arsyad Muh Ali , Adilham . , Yunita Rahmi
Published: November 2022

Aims: Mellorine is a type of frozen dessert such as ice cream in which part or all of the milk fat is replaced with vegetable fat with low-fat content. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding alginate, agar, guar gum, carrageenan, gelatin and casein as an emulsifier to mellorine

Study Design: This research was prepared using a completely randomized design method with several factors, namely the addition of alginate, agar, guar gum, carrageenan, gelatin, and casein

Place and Duration of Study: The present study was conducted in Department of Aquatic Product Processing and Storage, Pangkep State Polytechnic of Agriculture. The duration of research is 6 month i.e from April, 2022 – September, 2022.

Methodology: 400 mL low-fat milk, 200 mL of mango fruit juice, 100 g of sugar, and 300 mL of water The pieces of fruit were crushed using a blender with the addition of a bit of water (fruit:water = 2:1). While waiting for fruit blending, emulsifier with each treatment were heated with 50 mL of water until boiling. Then the water (according to a predetermined ratio) is heated, and the sugar is mixed together until dissolved. After that, the liquid milk and emulsifier ingredients are mixed with 15% fruit while stirring slowly for 10 minutes. The combined material is then cooled at 4°C for 24 h. After that, the ingredients that have been put together and cooled (fruit, liquid milk, stabilizer, and sugar) are stirred and homogenized with a mixer for 15 minutes. Mellorine that has been standardized, then packed in a cup. Then the mellorine was frozen in the freezer at -20°C for ±              24 h. The parameters tested were organoleptic, viscosity, overrun, melting time, fluid stability.

Results: Alginate emulsifier produces the best mellorine with an organoleptic assessment having a color (5.4), taste (7), odor (6.33), texture (6.33). Physical test resulted with Viscosity (271 cP), Emulsion stability (100%), Melting time (15 minutes) and Over Run value (21.9%).

Conclusion: The use of different types of emulsifiers in the production of mellorine affects the organoleptic value, over run, emulsion stability, viscosity and melting time.
Land use Dynamic and Soil Fertility in the Orodara Municipality, Burkina Faso
Authors: Adama Kékélé , Sié Palé , Fatimata Sanogo , Corentin Somé Yélézouomin Stéphane
Published: November 2022

To respond to the degradation of natural resources and the installation of an imbalance between production and consumption needs, the populations of Orodara have adopted an association of fruit arboriculture and cereal growing on the same plot. These changes have favoured the development of a specific agrarian landscape of the fruit agroforestry type. This study questions the evolution of soil fertility in the face of land use dynamics in Orodara. The exploitation of Landsat satellite images of multi-dates (1991 to 2018) made it possible to obtain information on land use. Fertility data were obtained from the analysis of the organic matter, the sum of exchangeable bases as well as the hydrogen potential (pH) of soils from 1997 to 2019. The analysis of our results shows a production system dominated by fruit growing in association with cereal growing. Two units of agricultural occupation were divided in 1991 between annual crops (56%) and permanent crops (4%). Between 2002 and 2018, a third unit developed from the association of the first two, occupying 39% of the total area in 2018, compared to 19 and 13% respectively occupied by annual and permanent crops. This dynamic affects the evolution of soil fertility. From 1997 to 2019, fertility decreased by 23% from the average rate and increased by 22% from the low fertility rate. Contrary to the increase in vegetation cover, the level of soil fertility declines, compromising the sustainability of agricultural production in the municipality of Orodara.
Determination of Red Blood Cells Trace Elements as Risk Factors for Breast Cancer by X-Ray Fluorescence
Authors: Mahmoud Alkhansa Salih , Albadwa Khalda Awad , Bakheit Khalid Hussein
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that cause women death. Several factors influence the development of breast cancer. Trace elements are associated with breast cancer risk factors. This study investigated six trace elements in red blood cells of women newly diagnosed with breast cancer, compared to healthy women.

Methods: 38 Sudanese women participated in this study; 19 of them were breast cancer patients, who were compared with 19 healthy women of the same age to determine the concentrations of K, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ca, and Pb in red blood cells by X-ray fluorescence.

Results: K concentration was significantly increased in breast cancer patients compared to the control group (P= < 0.001). Zn and Cu were slightly decreased in patients compared to the control group. In contrast, insignificant increase was observed for Fe, Ca and Pb in breast cancer patients compared to the control group. Correlations between Fe and Cu, K and Pb were found in breast cancer patients.

Conclusion: High K concentration in red blood cells is associated with breast cancer risk in Sudanese women. K can be used as a biomarker for breast cancer prognosis and development.
Role of Tocilizumab in Combating Cytokine Storm in Moderate & Severe Covid 19 Patients: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Sattoju Nithish , Gattu Santosh Gattu , Merugu Sai Sashank , Anneboina Vydhika , Ganapaka Sai Ram , Maram Anvesh
Published: November 2022

Background: The wide spread of COVID-19 disease and mortality associated with it as never seen before urged the medical research field to formulate and investigate the efficacy of various new drugs alongside with the existing drugs.

Objective: To evaluate the potential benefits of Tocilizumab (TCZ) in addition to the Standard of Care (SoC) in reducing mortality in moderate & severely ill COVID 19.

Methodology: Study population is sorted by 1:1 matching depending on the High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Chest CT Severity Score. Outcome is measured as deaths, discharge with or without Long Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) along with clinical improvement of the patient measured using 9 points ordinary scale score of WHO and length of stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) post administration & levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, IL 6) on day of administration- baseline (D0), 1- & 3-days post administration (D+1 & D+3). The group received TCZ+SoC is considered as Test Group and the group received only SoC as Control Group.

Results: Deaths and discharge with LTOT were slightly higher in test group with OR 1.68 & 1.63 respectively. Clinical improvement in terms of 9-point ordinary scale score & difference in the levels of CRP & IL 6 was insignificant in both the groups. No difference in post administration ICU stay is observed between the groups.

Conclusions: Our study concludes no marked benefits with the addition of TCZ to the SoC in treating moderate and severe COVID 19 patients.
BULGAR-MAKEDON KOMİTELERİNİN BULGARİSTAN EMARETİ NDEKİ FAALİYETLERİ: VARNA ÖRNEĞİ (1878-1908)
Authors: İşlek Ali Emre
Published: November 2022

1877-1878 Osmanlı Rus Harbi neticesinde imzalanan Berlin
Antlaşması ile özerk statüye sahip olan Bulgaristan, bu antlaşmadan önce
imzalanan, fakat feshedilen Ayastefanos Antlaşması’nda kendisine
verilmiş olan topraklara sahip olmak ve ‘‘Büyük Bulgaristan’’ idealini
gerçekleştirmek arzusundaydı. 1885 senesinde ‘‘Şarkî Rumeli’’nin,
Osmanlı Devleti’nin kabullenmek zorunda kaldığı bir ilhak girişimi ile
elde edilmesi ‘‘Büyük Bulgaristan’’ ın inşası yolunda Bulgar ileri
gelenlerine ve hükümetine daha kararlı adım atabilecekleri yönünde
güven verdi. Bu durum ilerleyen senelerde, ‘‘Büyük Bulgaristan’’ ın
teşkili konusundaki ikinci önemli adımı teşkil eden ‘‘Makedonya’’nın
elde edilmesi için komite ve çeteler yoluyla silahlı eylemlerin yapılacağı
süreci başlattı. Silahlı mücadelenin başat rol oynadığı ve kanlı terör
eylemlerinin gerçekleştirildiği bu süreçte en önemli gelişme, 1893’te
Selanik’te İç Makedonya Edirne-Trakya Devrimci Örgütü (VMORO)
’nün ve 1895’te Sofya’da Yüksek Makedonya Edirne-Trakya Komitesi
(VMOK)’nin kurulması oldu. Bu iki komiteden VMORO, hukuki ve
idari olarak Osmanlı Devleti’nin yönetimi altında bulunan Vilâyât-ı
Selâse’de (Kosova, Manastır, Selanik vilayetleri) yahut daha iyi bilinen
tabiriyle Makedonya’da, VMOK ise özerk statüdeki Bulgaristan Emareti
genelinde faaliyet gösterdi.
‘‘Makedonya Meselesi’’ ile ilgili olarak gerçekleştirilen akademik
çalışmalarda bu iki komitenin teşkilatlanma çalışmalarına ve
gerçekleştirdiği eylemlere dair önemli bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Fakat,
kuzeydoğu Bulgaristan’daki Rusçuk, Silistre, Varna gibi önemli
şehirlerde bu komitelerin nasıl örgütlendikleri, hangi alt şubelere
ayrıldıkları, ‘‘Makedonya Meselesi’’ kapsamında Bulgar halkı,
komitecileri, hükümeti nezdinde yürütülen mücadelede nasıl bir yere
sahip bulundukları gibi hususlar hakkında bu çalışmalarda yeterli
düzeyde bilgi yer almamaktadır. Hatta literatürdeki çalışmaların geneli
dikkate alındığında, kuzeydoğu Bulgaristan şehirlerindeki komite
örgütlenmelerinin, araştırmacıların dikkatini hemen hiç çekmediğini
belirtmek gerekmektedir.
Bu çalışmada yer verilen bu arka plandan hareketle, canlı bir basınyayın hayatına ve ticari hareketliliğe sahip olup, haberleşme ve ulaşım
imkânları açısından da önemli bir merkez durumunda bulunan Varna’da,
hangi isimlerdeki Bulgar-Makedon komitelerinin kurulduğu, önderlerini
kimlerin teşkil ettiği, ne tür faaliyetler yürüttükleri gibi hususlar
irdelenmiştir.
UYVAR IN FETHİ VE TIMARLI SİPAHİLER: BİR SEFER VE FETİH ANALİZİ
Authors: Aksu Kılıç Leyla
Published: November 2022

16. yüzyıldaki Osmanlı akınlarına karşı inşa ettirilen Uyvar
kalesi Slovakça’da Nové Zámky, Türkçe’de Uyvar adı ile
bilinmektedir. Osmanlılar ve Habsburglar arasında süregelen ve
uzun bir zaman dilimine yayılan savaşlarla (1593-1606) Osmanlı
Devleti Uyvar Kalesi’ni ele geçirmeye çalışmıştır. Köprülüzâde
Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa’nın sadarete gelişi ile Uyvar’a düzenlenmiş olan
bu sefer, yarım asırdan beri karşı karşıya gelmeyen Osmanlı ve
Avusturya’nın mücadelesi açısından önemliydi. Düzenlenen bu
seferi önemli kılan ise Avrupa için en müstahkem mevkide bulunan
Uyvar kalesinin fethiydi (1663). Osmanlı askerinin büyük gayret
gösterdiği muhasara ve akabinde gerçekleşen fetih, Batı
dünyasında geniş yankı uyandırmıştır. Nitekim Uyvar önünde bir
Türk gibi kuvvetli sözü Uyvar’ın fethinde büyük gayret ve
kararlılık gösteren Türk askerine istinaden Avrupa’da kullanılır
olmuştur. Çalışmada 1663 yılındaki Uyvar seferine Osmanlı
sipahilerinden katılanlar ve katılmayan tımarlı sipahiler üzerinden
bir sefer ve bir fethin analizi yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Öncelikle
Osmanlı Devleti’nin Uyvar kalesi üzerine gerçekleştirdiği sefer ve
kalenin şiddetli muhasarayı müteakip fethi, dönemin kaynaklarına
dayalı olarak ele alınmıştır. Sefere katılan Fâzıl Ahmed Paşa
mühürdarı Hasan Ağa’nın Cevâhirü’t-Tevârih’i, Evliya Çelebi’nin
Seyahatnamesi ve Mehmed Halife’nin Tarih-i Gılmânî’si ile diğer
tarihlerden hareketle Uyvar seferi ve fetih, iç ve dış dinamikler
çerçevesinde analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci
kısmında ise Uyvar seferine katılmayan tımarlı sipahiler konu
edilmiştir. Osmanlı Arşivi’nde bulunan H.1074/M.1663 tarihli
Uyvar seferine katılmadıkları için tımarları ellerinden alınan
sipahilerle ilgili arz niteliğinde kayıtlar bulunmaktadır. Bu
belgelerden hareketle Uyvar seferine katılmadıkları için -tımar
tevcih prosedürü gereği- tımarları ellerinden alınan sipahilerin
Uyvar’a varan ve varamayan tımarlı sipahiler olarak profilleri
çizilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Anahtar kelimeler: O
Trends and Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Among Hospitalized Medical Patients
Authors: Neeman Elad , Liu Vincent , Mishra Pranita , Thai Khanh K. , Xu James , Clancy Heather A. , Schlessinger David , Liu Raymond
Published: November 2022

Importance

While hospital-associated venous thromboembolism (HA-VTE) is a known complication of hospitalization, contemporary incidence and outcomes data are scarce and methodologically contested.

Objective

To define and validate an automated electronic health record (EHR)–based algorithm for retrospective detection of HA-VTE and examine contemporary HA-VTE incidence, previously reported risk factors, and outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study was conducted using hospital admissions between January 1, 2013, and June 30, 2021, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. All medical (non–intensive care unit) admissions at an integrated health care delivery system with 21 hospitals in Northern California during the study period were included. Data were analyzed from January to June 2022.

Exposures

Previously reported risk factors associated with HA-VTE and administration of pharmacological prophylaxis were evaluated as factors associated with HA-VTE.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Yearly incidence rates and timing of HA-VTE events overall and by subtype (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, both, or unknown), as well as readmissions and mortality rates.

Results

Among 1 112 014 hospitalizations involving 529 492 patients (268 797 [50.8%] women; 75 238 Asian [14.2%], 52 697 Black [10.0%], 79 398 Hispanic [15.0%], and 307 439 non-Hispanic White [58.1%]; median [IQR] age, 67.0 [54.0-79.0] years), there were 13 843 HA-VTE events (1.2% of admissions) occurring in 10 410 patients (2.0%). HA-VTE events increased from 307 of 29 095 hospitalizations (1.1%) in the first quarter of 2013 to 551 of 33 729 hospitalizations (1.6%) in the first quarter of 2021. Among all HA-VTE events, 10 746 events (77.6%) were first noted after discharge. In multivariable analyses, several factors were associated with increased odds of HA-VTE, including active cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.96; 95% CI, 1.85-2.08), prior VTE (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.63-1.79), and reduced mobility (aOR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.50-1.77). Factors associated with decreased likelihood of HA-VTE included Asian race (vs non-Hispanic White: aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.61-0.69), current admission for suspected stroke (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.81), and Hispanic ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic White: aOR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.77-0.86). HA-VTE events were associated with increased risk of readmission (hazard ratio [HR], 3.33; 95% CI, 3.25-3.41) and mortality (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.57-1.70).

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that HA-VTE events occurred in 1.2% of medical admissions, increased over time, and were associated with increased adverse outcomes. These findings suggest that approaches designed to mitigate occurrence and outcomes associated with HA-VTE may remain needed.
Effect of Electronic Outreach Using Patient Portal Messages on Well Child Care Visit Completion
Authors: Berset Anne E. , Burkhardt Mary Carol , Xu Yingying , Mescher Anne , Brinkman William B.
Published: November 2022

Importance

Outreach messages to patients overdue for well child care (WCC) can be delivered different ways (ie, telephone calls and text messages). Use of electronic health record patient portals is increasingly common but their effectiveness is uncertain.

Objective

To determine the effectiveness of patient portal outreach messages, with and without the date of the last WCC, on the scheduling and completion of WCC visits and completion of vaccinations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

An intention-to-treat, multigroup, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 academic primary care practices from July 30 to October 4, 2021. The population included predominantly non-Hispanic Black, low-income children (age, 6-17 years) whose parent had an active portal account.

Interventions

Participants were randomized to the standard message, tailored message, or no message (control) group. Two messages were delivered to those in the message groups.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Outcomes included WCC visit scheduled within 2 weeks of the first intervention message, WCC visit completed within 8 weeks (primary outcome), and receipt of COVID-19 vaccine within 8 weeks.

Results

Nine hundred forty-five patients participated (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [3.3] years, 493 [52.2%] girls, 590 [62.4%] non-Hispanic Black, 807 [85.4%] publicly insured). Scheduling rates were 18.4% in the standard message group (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 1.97; 95% CI, 1.32-2.84) and 14.9% in the tailored message group (aRR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02-2.34) compared with the control group (9.5%). Well child care visit completion rates were 24.1% in the standard message group (aRR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.38-2.60) and 19.4% in the tailored message group (aRR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.06-2.13) compared with the control group (12.7%). Among eligible children, rates of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine were 16.7% in the standard message group compared with 4.8% in the tailored message (aRR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.14-9.58) and 3.7% in the control groups (aRR, 4.84; 95% CI, 1.44-15.12).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, outreach messages delivered via electronic health record patient portals increased the rates of scheduling and completing WCC visits and receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, providing a useful tool to help restore WCC in populations whose care was delayed during the pandemic.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04994691
Trends in the Use of Promotional Language (Hype) in National Institutes of Health Funding Opportunity Announcements, 1992-2020
Authors: Millar Neil , Batalo Bojan , Budgell Brian
Published: November 2022

This cross-sectional study examines changes from 1992 to 2020 in the use of promotional language in National Institutes of Health (NIH) funding opportunity announcements in comparison with trends reported in NIH grant applications.
Micromechanical Properties
Authors: Slouf Miroslav , Henning Sven
Published: November 2022

The term micromechanical properties of polymers (or micromechanics of polymers) represents quite a broad topic, which comprises three principal areas: the measurement of micromechanical properties, the interpretation of micromechanical behavior, and the imaging of microstructure changes during deformation and fracture. Our contribution covers all three aspects of micromechanics in Polymer science. The first part focuses on the measurement of micromechanical properties by indentation methods, which dominate in the field of micromechanical properties measurement; the other micromechanical characterization methods are just mentioned briefly. The second part deals with the interpretation of micromechanical behavior, that is, with the correlations among molecular structure, supermolecular structure (morphology), micromechanical properties, and macromechanical properties of polymers. The third part describes imaging of microscopic processes during deformation and fracture or, in other words, how the deformation of polymer materials influences their morphology and vice versa.
A trans‐omics assessment of gene–gene interaction in early‐stage NSCLC
Authors: Chen Jiajin , Song Yunjie , Li Yi , Wei Yongyue , Shen Sipeng , Zhao Yang , You Dongfang , Su Li , Bjaanæs Maria Moksnes , Karlsson Anna , Planck Maria , Staaf Johan , Helland Åslaug , Esteller Manel , Shen Hongbing , Christiani David C. , Zhang Ruyang , Chen Feng
Published: November 2022

Epigenome‐wide gene–gene (G × G) interactions associated with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival may provide insights into molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Hence, we proposed a three‐step analytic strategy to identify significant and robust G × G interactions that are relevant to NSCLC survival. In the first step, among 49 billion pairs of DNA methylation probes, we identified 175 775 G × G interactions with PBonferroni ≤ 0.05 in the discovery phase of epigenomic analysis; among them, 15 534 were confirmed with P ≤ 0.05 in the validation phase. In the second step, we further performed a functional validation for these G × G interactions at the gene expression level by way of a two‐phase (discovery and validation) transcriptomic analysis, and confirmed 25 significant G × G interactions enriched in the 6p21.33 and 6p22.1 regions. In the third step, we identified two G × G interactions using the trans‐omics analysis, which had significant (P ≤ 0.05) epigenetic cis‐regulation of transcription and robust G × G interactions at both the epigenetic and transcriptional levels. These interactions were cg14391855 × cg23937960 (βinteraction = 0.018, P = 1.87 × 10−12), which mapped to RELA × HLA‐G (βinteraction = 0.218, P = 8.82 × 10−11) and cg08872738 × cg27077312 (βinteraction = −0.010, P = 1.16 × 10−11), which mapped to TUBA1B × TOMM40 (βinteraction =−0.250, P = 3.83 × 10−10). A trans‐omics mediation analysis revealed that 20.3% of epigenetic effects on NSCLC survival were significantly (P = 0.034) mediated through transcriptional expression. These statistically significant trans‐omics G × G interactions can also discriminate patients with high risk of mortality. In summary, we identified two G × G interactions at both the epigenetic and transcriptional levels, and our findings may provide potential clues for precision treatment of NSCLC.
CDC and FDA: 1 in 9 teens uses tobacco products
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2022

Last week's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that 1 in 9 teens uses tobacco products, and that the situation requires greater vigilance and intervention.
Solid Phase‐Mediated Asymmetric Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroalkoxylation of Alkoxyallene
Authors: Kim Ye Ji , Lee Hyeonsu , Rhee Young Ho
Published: November 2022

The Pd‐catalyzed asymmetric addition reaction of solid phase‐supported alcohol with ene‐alkoxyallenes is reported. Combined with the subsequent metal catalysis, this reaction gave access to various monosaccharides with no need for isolation of the intermediates. Potential utility of the method in the oligosaccharide synthesis was demonstrated by the synthesis of (α)‐mannose disaccharide.

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Berplatin: A Conjugate of Berberine and Cisplatin Serving as a Potent Antitumor Agent with Distinctive Tumor Cell Uptake and Minimal Side Effects
Authors: Xu Beibei , Luo Xiangjie , Xiong Jing , Shen Qianwen , Su Yongcheng , Lei Ziyu , Li Jiangquan , Lin Hongyu , Zhang Wenqing , Hong Xiaoting , Zhang Fuxing , Zhan Yanyan , Gao Jinhao , Hu Tianhui
Published: November 2022

Design of Pt(IV) prodrugs with biologically active axial ligands is an excellent approach to overcome the disadvantages (nonspecific killing, side effects, and drug resistance) of conventional first‐line Pt(II)‐based chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. The selection of ideal axial ligands is essential for the success of Pt(IV) drugs. Previously, that berberine exhibits great superiority in tumor selectivity is found with uncovered mechanisms. In this study, that berberine is specifically internalized and accumulated in tumors but not normal cells through endocytosis pathways is first disclosed. Therefore a new Pt(IV) prodrug of cisplatin bearing berberine as an axial ligand, named berplatin, is designed and synthesized. Different from cisplatin, berplatin can be effectively and selectively internalized into cancer cells, through macropinocytosis and caveolin‐1 (CAV‐1)‐dependent active endocytosis, and cleaved in intracellular reductive environments to generate cisplatin and berberine, which synergistically induces substantial DNA breaking, apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant cancer cells. In vivo, berplatin manifests much higher antitumor activity and undetectable side effects compared to cisplatin. This study demonstrates that berplatin can serve as a potent Pt(IV) prodrug for the treatment of cisplatin‐sensitive and ‐resistant cancers with active uptake, excellent specificity, and minimal side effects.
COVID‐19 and consumer behavior: Food stockpiling in the U.S. market
Authors: El Baba Wafaa , Fakih Ali
Published: November 2022

The emergence of the COVID‐19 pandemic has brought radical changes in consumer spending patterns. One aspect of this change is food stockpiling detected in several countries. Using a univariate probit model, this paper relies on the COVID‐19 Impact Survey (2020) for American households to assess the likelihood of consumers stockpiling food in response to the stringent lockdown measures imposed by the government's pandemic regulations. Our findings reveal a set of significant correlations between marital status, age, race, occupation, household structure, and the propensity of stockpiling food during the pandemic. Furthermore, the results show that residents in urban areas are more likely to engage in food stockpiling compared with residents in rural and suburban areas. The paper also examines the nexus between residence areas, lockdown measures, and the probability of stockpiling food. This research reveals a significant association between psychological factors and the likelihood of stockpiling food in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic [EconLit Citations: D12, H12, I18, P25].
Enhancement of Non‐Gaussianity and Nonclassicality of Photon‐Added Displaced Fock State: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Malpani Priya , Thapliyal Kishore , Banerji J. , Pathak Anirban
Published: November 2022

Non‐Gaussian and nonclassical states and processes are already found to be important resources for performing various tasks related to quantum gravity and quantum information processing. Considering these facts, a quantitative analysis of the nonclassical and non‐Gaussian features is performed here for photon added displaced Fock state, as a test case, using a set of measures, namely entanglement potential, Wigner–Yanese skew information, Wigner logarithmic negativity, and relative entropy of non‐Gaussianity. It is observed that Fock parameter always increases the amount of nonclassicality and non‐Gaussianity, while photon addition is effective only for small values of the displacement parameter. Further, the nonclassical and non‐Gaussian effects decrease initially with an increase in the displacement parameter before increasing for the large displacement to saturate to the corresponding Fock state (equivalently displaced Fock state) value. Finally, dynamics of the Wigner function under the effect of photon loss channel is used to show that only highly efficient detectors are able to detect Wigner negativity.
Reshaping the 2‐Pyrone Synthase Active Site for Chemoselective Biosynthesis of Polyketides
Authors: Zhou Yu , Mirts Evan N. , Yook Sangdo , Waugh Matthew , Martini Rachel , Jin Yong‐Su , Lu Yi
Published: November 2022

Engineering enzymes with novel reactivity and applying them in metabolic pathways to produce valuable products are quite challenging due to the intrinsic complexity of metabolic networks and the need for high in vivo catalytic efficiency. Triacetic acid lactone (TAL), naturally generated by 2‐pyrone synthase (2PS), is a platform molecule that can be produced via microbial fermentation and further converted into value‐added products. However, these conversions require extra synthetic steps under harsh conditions. We herein report a biocatalytic system for direct generation of TAL derivatives under mild conditions with controlled chemoselectivity by rationally engineering the 2PS active site and then rewiring the biocatalytic pathway in the metabolic network of E. coli to produce high‐value products, such as kavalactone precursors, with yields up to 17 mg/L culture. Computer modeling indicates sterics and hydrogen‐bond interactions play key roles in tuning the selectivity, efficiency and yield.
Monomer and Excimer Emission in a Conformational and Stacking‐Adaptable Molecular System
Authors: Shan Xueru , Chi Weijie , Jiang Hengbing , Luo Zhangyuan , Qian Cheng , Wu Hongwei , Zhao Yanli
Published: November 2022

A design strategy that combines molecular conformation, alkyl chain length, and charge‐transfer effects has been developed to obtain conformational and stacking‐adaptable donor‐acceptor‐π type molecules for precisely regulating the monomer and excimer emission in a single luminous platform under different environments. These fluorophores can exhibit bright monomer emissions when they are in the dispersed state based on their planar conformation. However, when the luminous molecules with short alkyl side chains are in the crystalline state, their molecular conformation can become distorted, further inducing strong intermolecular interactions and staggered π‐π stacking for bright excimer emission. More importantly, their dispersed and aggregated states can be reversibly regulated in a phase‐change fatty acid matrix, to achieve temperature‐responsive fluorescence for temperature monitoring and advanced information encryption.
Liquid Fluxional Ga Single Atom Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Zhang Zedong , Zhu Jiexin , Chen Shenghua , Sun Wenming , Wang Dingsheng
Published: November 2022

Precise design and tuning of the micro‐atomic structure of single atom catalysts (SACs) can help efficiently adapt complex catalytic systems. Herein, we inventively found that when the active center of the main group element gallium (Ga) is downsized to the atomic level, whose characteristic has significant differences from conventional bulk and rigid Ga catalysts. The Ga SACs with a P, S atomic coordination environment display specific flow properties, showing CO products with FE of ≈92 % at −0.3 V vs. RHE in electrochemical CO2reduction (CO2RR). Theoretical simulations demonstrate that the adaptive dynamic transition of Ga optimizes the adsorption energy of the *COOH intermediate and renews the active sites in time, leading to excellent CO2RR selectivity and stability. This liquid single atom catalysts system with dynamic interfaces lays the foundation for future exploration of synthesis and catalysis.
Photochemical Decarbonylation of Oxetanone and Azetidinone: Spectroscopy, Computational Models, and Synthetic Applications**
Authors: Singh Manvendra , Dhote Pawan , Johnson Daniel R. , Figueroa‐Lazú Samuel , Elles Christopher G. , Boskovic Zarko
Published: November 2022

Photoexcitation of cyclic ketones leads to the expulsion of carbon monoxide and a mixture of products derived from diradical intermediates. Here we show that synthetic utility of this process is improved if strained heterocyclic ketones are used. Photochemistry of 3‐oxetanone andN‐Boc‐3‐azetidinone has not been previously described. Decarbonylation of these 4‐membered rings proceeds through a step‐wise Norrish type I cleavage of the C−C bond from the singlet excited state. Ylides derived from both compounds are high‐energy species that are kinetically stable long enough to undergo [3+2] cycloaddition with a variety of alkenes and produce substituted tetrahydrofurans and pyrrolidines. The reaction has a sufficiently wide scope to produce scaffolds that were either previously inaccessible or difficult to synthesize, thereby providing experimental access to new chemical space.
Synthesis of alkynyl phosphite ligands and its application in the preparation of high stability one‐component heat‐curable silicone rubber
Authors: Jiang Guo , Dong Wenyong , Liao Kai
Published: November 2022

Hydrosilylation reaction is one of the main ways to obtain silicone rubber vulcanized products in the industry. However, it still remains a challenge for the currently used catalyst to obtain one‐component silicone rubbers with Karstedt's catalyst. In this work, we synthesize a series of phosphite ligands by transesterification, which are further used in combination with Karstedt's catalyst to prepare one‐component silicone rubber. The structure of the ligand is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance and the vulcanization properties of silicone rubber are investigated by rotorless vulcanizer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and rotational viscometer. It is found that the complex catalysts have low catalytic activity at ambient temperature when the ratio of P:Pt exceeds 1:1. The viscosity growth results show that the prepared silicone rubber has a storage time of more than 30 days at 25°C, and can be completely cured within 10 min at 150°C. The DSC results indicate that one of the prepared catalysts exhibited relatively strong catalytic activity only above 110.7°C. Moreover, the prepared complex catalyst can effectively avoid the production of colloidal platinum and prolong the storage stability of the catalyst.
Altered upper limb motor behavior in breast cancer survivors and its relation to pain: A narrative review
Authors: De Baets Liesbet , Vets Nieke , Emmerzaal Jill , Devoogdt Nele , De Groef An
Published: November 2022

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women and many women suffer from persistent physical and psychological complaints following their cancer treatment. Altered motor behavior at the shoulder region and upper limb, that is, alterations in movement patterns, spatiotemporal movement characteristics and muscle activation patterns, is a common physical consequence of breast cancer treatment, that can have a clear impact on daily life functioning and quality of life. Furthermore, altered upper limb motor behavior is suggested to relate to upper limb pain, which is very commonly reported in breast cancer survivors (BCS). This review, prepared according to the SANRA guidelines, looks into the current understanding of alterations in motor behavior at shoulder and upper limb in BCS, by discussing the factors related to this altered behavior. In this, we specifically focus on the relation between motor behavior and pain. Results of our search show that cancer treatment modality is predictive for shoulder range of motion. Furthermore, single prospective studies show depressive symptoms, living alone, being non‐white and low physical activity levels as predicting factors for reduced shoulder range of motion. Pain as factor related to altered motor behavior is only assessed in cross‐sectional research, limiting its interpretation in context of being cause or consequence of motor behavioral adaptations, and on the underlying mechanism explaining their relation. It is concluded that studies which explain the mechanisms how and in which subgroup of BCS motor behavioral alterations are associated with pain at the upper limb, are necessary in future.