bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health Promotion Practices and Michel Foucault: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mattioni Fernanda Carlise , Nakata Priscila Tadei , Dresh Liciane Costa , Rollo Rosane , Brochier Liliane Spencer Bittencourt , Rocha Cristianne Famer
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To analyze Health Promotion (HP) practices in different settings worldwide, presented in studies that employed the Foucauldian framework.

Data Source:

Scoping review performed on LILACS, MEDLINE, IBECS, BDENF, SciELO, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.

Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:

We included original articles, review articles, reflection articles, and case studies published in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, which addressed HP practices, analyzed using the Foucauldian framework.

Data Synthesis:

In the numerical synthesis, the characteristics of the included studies were described: number of studies, types of method, year of publication, characteristics of the study population, origin countries, and the HP practices addressed in the articles. The thematic synthesis was organized according to the nature of the HP practices presented and the Foucauldian analysis matrix used.

Results:

The review covered 34 studies, published between 2006 and 2019, whose analysis resulted in 2 thematic synthesis: 1) HP as a biopolitical strategy in the neoliberal context; 2) HP as an expression of resistance and counter-conduct, presenting tensions, struggles, and power games.

Conclusion:

The field of HP mostly consists of governmentality practices that reinforce the neoliberal health perspective. Some practices show resistance and counter-conduct in the face of governmentality practices, which explains the power relationships in the field of HP.
British librarianship in the time of Covid-19
Authors: Poole Nick
Published: February 2021

Covid-19 has impacted on every aspect of daily life across the United Kingdom. At once both a public health crisis and an ‘infodemic’ of misinformation, it has presented unique challenges for library and information services. Yet despite these challenges, the pandemic has also given our services a new-found relevance. Readership has increased dramatically. Librarians in health have turned their skills to the search for an effective vaccine. Our colleagues in schools, colleges and Universities have stepped up to help their institutions achieve a rapid ‘digital pivot’. In the private sector, librarians and information professionals have used their skills to help their companies go online and to ensure the continuity of their activities. It is not yet clear how the pandemic will change our habits, attitudes and behaviours in the long term. As we begin to look ahead to a future in which ‘digital’ has taken its place on equal terms with face-to-face services, the library and information sector is uniquely positioned to help our communities thrive in a post-pandemic era. In this article, Nick Poole, the Chief Executive of CILIP, the United Kingdom’s Library and Information Association, looks back at the last year for UK libraries and explores the challenges and opportunities ahead.
Experimental investigation of the influence on compressor cascade characteristics at high subsonic speed with pressure surface tip winglets
Authors: Wu Wanyang , Zhong Jingjun
Published: February 2021

To investigate the influence of tip winglets on the tip leakage flow in a compressor cascade with different incidences, the experimental measurement combined with numerical simulation are used to study the conventional cascade and cascades with three different pressure surface tip winglets at five incidences of −6°, −3°, 0°, +3° and +6°. The results indicate that three different tip winglets at five incidences all restrain the occurrence of leakage flow, delay the mixing of leakage flow and the mainstream, change the formation path of leakage vortex and weaken its intensity, reduce the flow loss and improve the uniformity of flow field. The sensitivity of the flow field to variable incidences is reduced. The optimization degree of the flow field is proportional to the width of the blade tip winglet. The improvements are more obvious at positive angles. When the incidence reaches +6°, the flow loss is reduced by 12.4%.
Propofol Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Stem-like Properties of Bladder Cancer Mainly by Suppressing the Hedgehog Pathway
Authors: Li Gang , Zhang Xu , Guo Xiangyang , Li Yi , Li Chong
Published: February 2021

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. The existence of bladder cancer stem cells (BCSCs) has been suggested to underlie bladder tumor initiation and recurrence. Propofol is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic. Here, we find that propofol can dramatically block the activation of Hedgehog pathway in BCSCs. The propofol strongly repressed the growth of cancer cells. Attenuated proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of tumor cells were observed upon propofol stimulation. Furthermore, propofol reduced the self-renewal ability of BCSCs as well as the tumor formation. In conclusion, propofol is potentially used as a novel therapeutic agent for bladder cancer by targeting self-renewal through inhibiting Hedgehog pathway.
Death beyond the means: Funeral overspending and its government regulation around the world
Authors: Sadigov Turkhan
Published: February 2021

While death-related household overspending is increasingly an international phenomenon with far-reaching implications, the government responses to it vary greatly throughout the world. This article offers a model of death-related overspending, including both population and governments. The analysis of data from 118 countries empirically supports the main research argument—the decline of traditional hierarchies and simultaneous ascendance of newly-affluent urbanite class, to the backdrop of collectivist society pervaded by superstitions, increase household incentives to spend on death beyond their means. State policy response depends on both the government’s ability to control vested interests and the financial cost of an average funeral.
Evaluation of a Fixed-Dose Regimen of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for Warfarin Reversal
Authors: McMahon Clare , Halfpap Joe , Zhao Qianqian , Bienvenida Ana , Rose Anne E.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Fixed-dose (FD) regimens of 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC) may be effective for the emergent reversal of warfarin; however, the optimal dosing is unknown. Our institution transitioned to a FD regimen of 1000 or 2000 units of 4F-PCC based on indication.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to report our experience with FD 4F-PCC compared with a historical weight-based dosing cohort for warfarin reversal.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted for 3 groups: central nervous system (CNS) bleeds regardless of international normalized ratio (INR), non-CNS bleeds with an initial INR ≤6, and non-CNS bleeds with an initial INR ≥6.1. The primary outcome of the study was achievement of the target INR.

Results:

There were 54 patients with a CNS bleed, 153 with a non-CNS bleed and INR ≤6, and 19 with a non-CNS bleed and INR ≥6.1. In the CNS bleeding group, weight-based and FD achieved target INR 79.4% and 70% ( P = 0.52). In the INR ≥6.1 non-CNS bleeding group, weight-based and FD achieved target INR 100% and 70% ( P = 0.21). In the INR ≤6 non-CNS bleeding group, weight-based and FD achieved target INR 86.4% and 57.5% ( P = 0.0002).

Conclusion and Relevance:

An FD strategy of 2000 units for warfarin reversal for CNS bleeds or INR ≥6.1 was comparable to weight-based dosing. The FD strategy of 1000 units for INR ≤6 achieved target INR less often than weight-based dosing. Application of findings suggest that higher doses may be needed to achieve target INR.
Retest Reliability of Integrated Speed–Accuracy Measures
Authors: Bakun Emesh Tamar , Garbi Dror , Kaplan Alon , Zelicha Hila , Yaskolka Meir Anat , Tsaban Gal , Rinott Ehud , Meiran Nachshon
Published: February 2021

Cognitive tasks borrowed from experimental psychology are often used to assess individual differences. A cardinal issue of this transition from experimental to correlational designs is reduced retest reliability of some well-established cognitive effects as well as speed–accuracy trade-off. The present study aimed to address these issues by examining the retest reliability of various methods for speed–accuracy integration and by comparing between two types of task modeling: difference scores and residual scores. Results from three studies on executive functions show that (a) integrated speed–accuracy scoring is generally more reliable as compared with nonintegrated methods: mean response time and accuracy; and (b) task modeling, especially residual scores, reduced reliability. We thus recommend integrating speed and accuracy, at least for measuring executive functions.
Inequalities in Cervical Cancer Screening Uptake Between Chinese Migrant Women and Local Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Holt Hunter K. , Zhang Xi , Hu Shang-Ying , Zhao Fang-Hui , Smith Jennifer S. , Qiao You-Lin
Published: February 2021

Introduction:

Uptake of cervical cancer screening services in Chinese migrant workers is unknown and may be lower than non-migrant workers in China.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study among migrant and non-migrant women aged 21-65 at 7 provinces across China and administered a questionnaire investigating knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer, human papillomavirus (HPV), and HPV vaccine. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate odds of previous cervical cancer screening in migrant workers.

Results:

737 women participated in the study. Mean age was 41.9 ± 7.2 years. 50.2% of the participants were migrant workers. 27.6% of the migrant workers reported previous cervical cancer screening compared to 33.2% of local participants. 36.6% migrant workers reported awareness of HPV compared to 40.2% of local participants. In adjusted analysis migrant status was not associated with increased odds of previous cervical cancer screening (aOR = 1.11 95%CI: 0.76-1.60). High school or higher education compared to less than high school education and employer-sponsored insurance compared to uninsured were associated with increased odds of previous cervical cancer screening (aOR = 2.15 95%CI: 1.41-3.27 and aOR = 1.67 95% CI: 1.14-2.45, respectively). Having heard of HPV compared to no awareness of HPV was associated with increased odds of cervical cancer screening (aOR = 2.02 95%CI: 1.41-2.91). Awareness of HPV among migrant workers was associated with increased odds of cervical cancer screening compared to migrant and local participants without awareness (aOR = 2.82 95% CI: 1.70-4.69 and 2.97 95%CI: 1.51-5.83, respectively).

Conclusions:

Efforts to increase education opportunities, provide insurance, and promote HPV awareness could increase cervical cancer screening uptake in migrant women in China.
Risk factors of Pancreatic Cancer in Vietnam: A Matched Case–Control Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Van Tran Thuan , Van Dao Tu , Nguyen Khac-Dung , van TA To , Vu Khanh Truong , Trinh Son Hong , Nguyen Hoang Cong , Bui Oanh Thi , Nguyen Quang Tien , Vu Hoan Duc , Nguyen Hiep Le , Tran Huong Thanh
Published: February 2021

Background:

Data about the risk factors and pancreatic cancer in developing countries remain limited. We investigated for the first time the role of a number of risk factors (family cancer history, smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, inflammation disease, HBV infection) associated with pancreatic cancer among Vietnamese patients.

Methods:

We included all patients hospitalized at 4 Northern Vietnamese hospitals (Vietnam National Cancer Hospital, Bach Mai, Viet Duc, Thai Nguyen) and diagnosed with pancreatic cancer during the period from 2017 to 2019. Risk factors of eligible patients were collected and assessed the associations using a matched control study and logistic regression model analysis.

Results:

We identified 196 patients with diagnosis of pancreatic cancer of which 114 males and 82 females. The average age of the patient at the time of diagnosis was 58.28 years (standard deviation of 12.94, ranging from 25 to 87). Most of patients were diagnosed at advanced stage (85%). Smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the cancer risks (OR and 95% CI were 2.42 (1.38-4.37), 3.09 (1.54-6.68), 2.21 (1.42-3.45), respectively). HBV infection demonstrated a significant link with pancreatic cancer in univariate model (OR = 2.94 (1.08-9.36)), but not in multivariate model. However, cancer family history and alcohol drinkers did not show any significantly increased risk related to pancreatic cancer.

Conclusions:

Our finding showed smoking, diabetes, inflammation disease significantly increased the risk of pancreatic cancer in Vietnam.
Chemotherapy Plus Radiotherapy Versus Radiotherapy in Patients With Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus: A SEER Database Analysis
Authors: Li Tao , Chen Sijia , Zhang Zongkai , Lin Limei , Wu Qian , Li Jinluan , Lin Qin
Published: February 2021

Background:

Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare malignant tumor. We aimed to explore the chemotherapeutic efficacy on the prognosis of patients with small cell carcinoma of the esophagus who received radiotherapy.

Methods:

To identify the population of interest, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data from 1996 to 2016 were chosen. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to probe into prognosis factors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to overall survival and cancer-specific survival.

Results:

Overall, data from 162 patients were analyzed in this study. Tumor size (P = 0.014), T staging (P = 0.028), and chemotherapy (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting overall survival. Patients with regional disease (hazard ratio = 5.435, P < 0.001) and distant metastasis (hazard ratio = 2.183, P < 0.001) who received radiotherapy alone had worse survival than those receiving chemoradiotherapy. Tumor size (P = 0.004) and chemotherapy (P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors affecting cancer-specific survival. Tumor size was an independent factor affecting cancer-specific survival for patients receiving chemoradiation.

Conclusions:

Age, T staging, tumor size, primary site, and chemotherapy are independent prognosis factors affecting overall survival and cancer-specific survival in patients with small cell carcinoma of the esophagus who receive radiotherapy. Chemotherapy might further improve cancer-specific survival in patients with small cell carcinoma of the esophagus receiving radiotherapy at all stages.
Parental Decision-Making in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wool Jesse , Irving Sharon Y. , Meghani Salimah H. , Ulrich Connie M.
Published: February 2021

Parents are commonly responsible for making health care decisions for their seriously ill children in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU); however, the factors influencing their decisions may vary. This integrative review examined the empirical literature between 2013 and 2018 to understand factors pertaining to parents’ decision-making about serious illness care of their children in the PICU. Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria with three key findings. First, parent–clinician communication in the PICU is critical; second, most parents want to be the final decision-maker for their critically ill child; and third, parents’ emotions, support systems, and the child’s clinical status impact decision-making. Parental perspectives are important to consider when discussing serious illness care decisions for critically ill children. Further inquiry is needed into how the parent–clinician encounter impacts the decision-making process and subsequent outcomes in this population.
Vibration suppression of structures using tuned mass damper technology: A state-of-the-art review
Authors: Yang Fan , Sedaghati Ramin , Esmailzadeh Ebrahim
Published: February 2021

To date, considerable attention has been paid to the development of structural vibration suppression techniques. Among all vibration suppression devices and techniques, the tuned mass damper is one of the most promising technologies due to its mechanical simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and reliable operation. In this article, a critical review of the structural vibration suppression using tuned mass damper technology will be presented mainly focused on the following four categories: (1) tuned mass damper technology and its modifications, (2) tuned mass damper technology in discrete and continuous structures (mathematical modeling), (3) optimization procedure to obtain the optimally designed tuned mass damper system, and (4) active tuned mass damper and semi-active tuned mass damper with the practical realization of the tuned mass damper technologies.
Vibration study of a composite pipeline supported on elastic foundation using a transfer matrix method
Authors: Chen Dongyang , Yang Junwei , Guo Weican , Liu Yanjia , Gu Chaojie
Published: February 2021

Efficient and accurate simulation of the vibration characteristics of a composite pipeline system is the key to the study of the stability and vibration control of the pipeline system. A simulation method called transfer matrix method for multibody systems is used to predict the vibration of a composite pipeline resting on an elastic soil. The transfer matrix of the Euler–Bernoulli beams considering the internal fluid velocity and high-efficiency dynamics model of the pipeline system under the action of the elastic foundation are derived. The simulation results have good agreement with that of the literature and commercial software ANSYS Workbench which verified the accuracy of the numerical model. The simulation results show that with the increase of the velocity, the natural frequencies of each mode of the pipeline decrease continuously. When the first frequency is zero, the pipeline buckling occurs and the velocity reaches the critical velocity; the elastic coefficient and shear coefficient in the foundation coefficient are positively related to the stability of the pipeline system. The damping coefficient is negatively related to pipeline stability.
Robust stability and memory state feedback control for a class of switched nonlinear systems with multiple time-varying delays
Authors: Kermani Marwen , Sakly Anis
Published: February 2021

This study is concerned with the stability analysis and the feedback stabilization problems for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with multiple time-varying delays. Unusually, more general time delays, which depend on the subsystem number, are considered. In this regard, by constructing a novel common Lyapunov function, using the aggregation techniques and the Borne and Gentina criterion, new algebraic stability and feedback stabilization conditions under arbitrary switching are derived. The proposed results are explicit and obtained without searching a common Lyapunov function through the linear matrix inequalities approach, considered a difficult matter in this case. At last, two numerical simulation examples are shown to prove the practical utility of the suggested approach.
Applying Bowen Theory to Psychiatric Assessment and Disposition in the ED
Authors: Kerr Kathleen B.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

A number of variables have been shown to influence whether an individual who experiences an emergency psychiatric assessment is admitted to a psychiatric hospital. This study focused on the theoretical orientation of the assessing clinician as a possibly influential variable. The theoretical orientation being studied was Bowen family systems theory or Bowen theory (Bt). Overall the Bt perspective looks at the family as the primary crucible that generates symptoms but at the same time as the natural unit and the best built-in resource to deal with those symptoms.

AIMS:

This study examined whether the theoretical orientation of the nurse psychiatric assessor would affect her inpatient admission rate of patients seen for psychiatric evaluation in an emergency department (ED).

METHOD:

A clinician/researcher with extensive experience applying Bt in clinical practice worked in a Crisis Management Service providing psychiatric evaluation and disposition in a busy community hospital ED. Given Bt’s emphasis on the system rather than individual pathology, the clinician researcher hypothesized that her psychiatric hospitalization rate would be lower than the other clinical nurse specialists. A retrospective chart review analyzed 1 year of cases from all referrals that might have resulted in psychiatric hospitalizations ( n = 1,801).

RESULTS:

The clinician/researcher’s psychiatric hospitalization rate was significantly lower ( p = .004) than the other clinicians.

CONCLUSION:

An approach to psychiatric assessment in the ED applied a Bt perspective in a way that significantly reduced psychiatric hospitalizations.
A simple higher-order beam model that is represented by two kinematic variables and three section constants
Authors: Honickman Hart , Kloppenborg Stefan
Published: February 2021

This article presents a new higher-order beam model. The present beam model is governed by differential equations that are similar to those present in some existing higher-order beam models; however, the present beam model makes use of a novel method of calculating the transverse shear stiffness, which facilitates the calculation of a shear-warping stiffness without the need for an assumed warping displacement field, and without introducing any additional kinematic variables. The present beam model also facilitates the recovery of the distributions of longitudinal normal stresses and transverse shear stresses. The authors postulate that the bending and shear terms in first-order shear deformation theory represent the first two terms in an infinite series that would constitute an ideal one-dimensional beam model, and it is suggested that the present beam model constitutes the first four terms in this hypothetical infinite series. The present beam model is solved for several example beams, and the results are compared with those of existing classical and higher-order beam models, as well as computational results from finite element analyses. It is shown that the present beam model is able to accurately represent deformed shapes and stress distributions pertaining to beams that exhibit non-trivial shear compliance as well as non-trivial shear-warping stiffness. In the case of laminated composite beams comprising a large number of laminae, the present beam model offers a level of analytical fidelity that is comparable to that of existing zigzag beam models; however, unlike zigzag beam models, the present beam model is equally well suited for the analyses of beams comprising any number of laminae.
Changes in rheology, quality, and staling of white breads enriched with medium-polymerized inulin
Authors: Barros Jefferson HT , Franco Celia ML
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes that occurred during processing white breads enriched with 5, 7.5, and 10% of medium-polymerized inulin (MPI). Farinographic analysis revealed that enrichment caused the development time and dough stability to increase by up to 69.9% and 62.8%, respectively, when 7.5% of MPI was incorporated into wheat flour. This indicated that the added MPI strengthened the doughs. Conversely, alveographic analysis demonstrated that MPI was harmful to the gluten network. The specific volume and humidity of breads with up to 7.5% MPI were similar to those of the control (MPI-free) bread. During bread storage for 10 days, we noticed that the retrogradation rate increased only for the bread sample with 10% MPI. However, MPI enrichment, regardless of concentration, promoted an increase in the Avrami exponent and affected bread firmness. Bread staling analysis indicated that the moisture difference between crumb and crust was higher for the MPI-enriched breads than for the control. Moreover, we prepared more consistent doughs and fresh breads with MPI contents of up to 7.5%, which presented good quality and were good fiber sources; however, we determined that inulin did not present an anti-staling effect.
COVID-19 Related Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Complications in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Koeppen Michael , Rosenberger Peter , Magunia Harry
Published: February 2021

Objective:

This systematic-review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and complications in ICU-admitted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Data sources:

PubMed and Web of Science databases were referenced until November 25, 2020.

Data extraction:

We extracted retrospective and prospective observational studies on critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Only studies reporting on cardiovascular comorbidities and complications during ICU therapy were included.

Data synthesis:

We calculated the pooled prevalence by a random-effects model and determined heterogeneity by Higgins’ I2 test.

Results:

Of the 6346 studies retrieved, 29 were included in this review. The most common cardiovascular comorbidity was arterial hypertension (50%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.42-058; I2 = 94.8%, low quality of evidence). Among cardiovascular complications in the ICU, shock (of any course) was most common, being present in 39% of the patients (95% CI, 0.20-0.59; I2 = 95.6%; 6 studies). Seventy-four percent of patients in the ICU required vasopressors to maintain target blood pressure (95% CI, 0.58-0.88; I2 = 93.6%; 8 studies), and 30% of patients developed cardiac injury in the ICU (95% CI, 0.19-0.42; I2 = 91%; 14 studies). Severe heterogeneity existed among the studies.

Conclusions:

Cardiovascular complications are common in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for COVID-19. However, the existing evidence is highly heterogeneous in terms of study design and outcome measurements. Thus, prospective, observational studies are needed to determine the impact of cardiovascular complications on patient outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients.
Sociodemographic inequalities in patients’ experiences of primary care: an analysis of the General Practice Patient Survey in England between 2011 and 2017
Authors: Saunders Catherine L , Flynn Sarah , Massou Efthalia , Lyratzopoulos Georgios , Abel Gary , Burt Jenni
Published: February 2021

Objective

Younger people, minority ethnic groups, sexual minorities and people of lower socioeconomic status report poorer experiences of primary care. In light of NHS ambitions to reduce unwarranted variations in care, we aimed to investigate whether inequalities in patient experience of primary care changed between 2011 and 2017, using data from the General Practice Patient Survey in England.

Methods

We considered inequalities in relation to age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, sexual orientation and geographical region across five dimensions of patient experience: overall experience, doctor communication, nurse communication, access and continuity of care. We used linear regression to explore whether the magnitude of inequalities changed between 2011 and 2017, using mixed models to assess changes within practices and models without accounting for practice to assess national trends.

Results

We included 5,241,408 responses over 11 survey waves from 2011–2017. There was evidence that inequalities changed over time (p < 0.05 for 27/30 models), but the direction and magnitude of changes varied. Changes in gaps in experience ranged from a 1.6 percentage point increase for experience of access among sexual minorities, to a 5.6 percentage point decrease for continuity, where experience worsened for older ages. Inequalities in access in relation to socio-economic status remained reasonably stable for individuals attending the same GP practice; nationally inequalities in access increased 2.1 percentage points (p < 0.0001) between respondents living in more/less deprived areas, suggesting access is declining fastest in practices in more deprived areas.

Conclusions

There have been few substantial changes in inequalities in patient experience of primary care between 2011 and 2017.
Assessment of an evidence-based laryngeal cancer fact sheet: A mixed methods study
Authors: Jabbour Joe , Shepherd Heather L , Beddow Thomas , Sundaresan Puma , Milross Chris , Palme Carsten E , Clark Jonathan R , Dhillon Haryana M
Published: February 2021

To evaluate perceptions of a laryngeal cancer fact sheet amongst people with direct experience of the disease and its treatment. A mixed methods study (questionnaire and interview) evaluating the information resource was conducted across two institutions. In total 20 participants responded to the questionnaire. Overall participants reported the information resource was detailed and understandable. Insufficient information was provided on: impact on family in eight participants (40%); impact on work in six (33%); and, second opinions and long-term side effects in five (25%). The majority (67%) wanted a large amount of information with the preferred source being one-on-one meetings with their doctor. The thematic analysis identified three main themes: preferences for information, self-management; and, information sources. People with direct experience of laryngeal cancer and its treatments reported the information resource was comprehensive and clear. There were some gaps in the information provided, particularly related to survivorship issues.
Not additive, not defined: mutual constitution in feminist intersectional studies
Authors: Ken Ivy , Helmuth Allison Suppan
Published: February 2021

The term ‘mutual constitution’ appears with regularity in scholarship on intersectionality, but what does it mean? We could not easily answer this question in the usual way – by reading books and articles about it – because the term has not received direct, widespread or sustained engagement in feminist theory. This led us to analyse a wide range of feminist scholarship – the entire set of 379 articles in women’s studies journals that consider both intersectionality and mutual constitution – to determine whether there are patterns and commonalities in the ways this important theoretical term is used. Our analysis reveals that while there is widespread agreement that mutual constitution does not allow for an additive or binary approach, this is the only major point of shared understanding of this term. Scholars disagree over whether mutual constitution is, in fact, the same thing as intersectionality, and in practice, clusters of disciplines use the term with different norms and levels of precision. Because of the explanatory potential of this term in intersectional theory, we recommend on the basis of our analysis that social scientists reconsider the convention of asserting that entities such as race, class and gender are mutually constituted and borrow the methodological tools from feminist historians, literary critics and other humanists that would allow for a genuine determination and demonstration of when entities are mutually constituted.
The Struggle for Public Recognition: Understanding Early Marriage through the Lens of Honour and Shame in Six Countries in South Asia and West Africa
Authors: Miedema Esther , Koster Winny , Pouw Nicky , Meyer Philippe , Sotirova Albena
Published: February 2021

There is a burgeoning body of research on the role of ‘shame’ and ‘honour’ in decisions regarding early marriage in different parts of the world. Conceptualizing shame and honour as idioms through which gendered socio-economic inequalities are created and maintained, we examine early marriage decisions in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Senegal. While we acknowledge the existence of important differences between countries in terms of the nature and manifestations of shame and honour, we argue that regardless of setting, neither shame and honour, nor female sexuality and chastity can be separated from the socio-economic hierarchies and inequalities. Thus, in this article we seek to identify the cross-cutting dynamic of marriage as a means to overcome the shame associated with young single women’s sexuality, protecting family honour and social standing, and/or securing young women’s social-economic future. Building on our data and available scholarship, we question the potential of emphasizing ‘choice’ as a means of reducing early marriage and advancing women’s emancipation in international development efforts. Instead, we argue in favour of initiatives that engage with young people and caregivers on the ways in which, at grassroot levels, communities may revise narratives of respectability, marriageability and social standing.
Tracing the development of nationalist attitudes in the EU
Authors: Clark Nicholas , Rohrschneider Robert
Published: February 2021

We discuss the relevance of national attachments for European integration, reviewing the existing literature and drawing connections across the articles in this issue. We also consider that the ageing European population might be a possible explanation for why nationalism is increasingly shaping EU support especially outside the ideological extremes. Taken together with the other contributions in this issue, it is quite possible that national identity will increasingly shape the views of individuals with ideologically moderate views who in the past have supported European integration.
Trajectories of embodiment in Tourist Studies
Authors: Everingham Phoebe , Obrador Pau , Tucker Hazel
Published: February 2021

In this article we map the 20 year trajectory of theorising embodiment in Tourist Studies. From its inception in 2001, embedded within the turn in the social sciences towards embodiment, Tourist Studies has paved the way in pushing the boundaries of theorising the links between embodiment, sensuality and performativity. Tourist Studies has opened up novel trajectories in tourism research away from the traditional focus on vision, towards multi-sensual analysis including the role of taste, smell, touch and sound. In this article we draw attention to these important contributions in understanding the body-practices and body-subjects within tourism, including work that utilises non-representational analyses, relational materiality, affect, more-than-representational and more-than-human. About 20 years on we remind readers of what theorising embodiment can bring to understanding encounters in tourism spaces, and specifically how attention to embodiment moves analysis away from fixed and static notions of culture and power, towards dynamic interplays between bodies and more-than-human modalities.
Mapping pedagogical touchpoints: Exploring online student engagement and course design
Authors: Tualaulelei Eseta , Burke Katie , Fanshawe Melissa , Cameron Cathy
Published: February 2021

Online learning has been widely adopted in higher education but there is a need to better understand the nature of student engagement with online courses. For example, there are questions about whether students engage with courses as educators intend and what features of online courses engage students to enhance learning. Bringing together student and educator perspectives, this article reports on a study that identified ‘pedagogical touchpoints’ – opportunities within online courses for student engagement – to ascertain whether a better understanding of these could improve online course design and student engagement. Data were collected across three undergraduate online courses. Data analysis produced three key findings: mapping pedagogical touchpoints against dimensions of engagement reveals patterns that may inform enhanced course design, students’ engagement with pedagogical touchpoints varies according to their learning needs and desires, and mapping pedagogical touchpoints can inform course design at both conceptual and practical levels. Discussion of the findings highlights that purposeful design of online courses, including strategic planning for pedagogical touchpoints, can maximise the potential for student engagement and consequent learning.
Patient perceptions of the re-usable Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler in current users and those switching to the device: A real-world, non-interventional COPD study
Authors: Dreher Michael , Price David , Gardev Asparuh , Peeters Pascale , Arora Satish , van der Sar – van der Brugge Simone , Dekhuijzen Richard , Usmani Omar S
Published: February 2021

The Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler (SMI) has recently been improved, with a re-usable device replacing the disposable version. Certain countries are currently phasing out the disposable inhaler. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction with and preference for the re-usable device. This 4–6-week, multicentre, open-label, prospective, real-world, non-interventional study was conducted across six European countries. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled between October and December 2019, in three cohorts: (1) currently using the re-usable Respimat SMI; (2) switched from disposable Respimat SMI at study entry; and (3) naïve to any Respimat SMI. Patients were assessed using the Patient Satisfaction and Preference Questionnaire (PASAPQ) and Ease of Handling Questionnaire. In total, 262 patients were enrolled. At follow-up, the mean PASAPQ score was 83.3/100 overall, with similar results across all three patient cohorts. Most patients were ‘satisfied’ or ‘very satisfied’ with the re-usable device. The overall score for willingness to continue using the device was 87.8/100. In total, 13 adverse events were recorded, none of which was classified as serious. This study provides real-world evidence for practitioners to start patients on Respimat re-usable, irrespective of a patient’s prior experience with this inhaler.

Plain language summary:

Inhalers are often used to treat patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are many available, which can lead to confusion and poor inhaler technique. It is important for a patient to be happy with their inhaler. This study looked at how patients liked the re-usable Respimat® Soft Mist™ inhaler vs. their previous inhaler. It also asked whether they would be willing to continue using the device at the end of the study period.After 4–6 weeks of using the re-usable device, patients reported that they were happy with the inhaler and most would be willing to carry on using it.Overall, these results show that doctors can prescribe Respimat re-usable to patients, even if the patient has not used the inhaler before.
Exploring the Use of Two Brief Fatigue Screening Tools in Cancer Outpatient Clinics
Authors: Pearson Elizabeth J. , Drosdowsky Allison , Edbrooke Lara , Denehy Linda
Published: February 2021

Purpose:

Cancer fatigue guidelines recommend routine fatigue screening, with further assessment for people reporting moderate to severe fatigue. There is neither a gold-standard, nor a broadly accepted screening method, and knowledge about the impact of screening on care processes is limited. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of 2 fatigue screening methods and current clinical practice in cancer outpatient clinics.

Methods:

Hospital outpatients attending cancer clinics during 1 week completed a five-item survey: a numeric scale for current tiredness, 2 categorical pictorial scales rating tiredness last week and the impact of fatigue (Fatigue Pictogram), screening tool preference and help needed for survey completion. Participant demographics and fatigue documentation by clinical staff for that appointment were extracted from medical records. Analyses used descriptive statistics. Groups were compared using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:

Over 75% of participants rated their fatigue consistently as mild or significant on both screening tools. Of 1709 eligible outpatients, 533 (31%) completed the survey. Records were audited for 430 (81%) identifiable participants. Over half of the participants reported moderate or severe tiredness either “now” (237, 57%) and/or “last week” (226, 53%). Clinician documentation of fatigue seldom matched self-reports. Fatigue was rated as severe by 103 participants (24%), yet was noted in only 21 (20%) of these individuals’ clinical notes. Both screening tools were equally preferred.

Conclusion:

The numeric rating scale and Fatigue Pictogram are equally applicable for screening fatigue in cancer outpatient care. There is a high prevalence of clinically significant fatigue in a hospital outpatient setting that is not documented. Adequate care pathways for further management should be established alongside fatigue screening.
Revisiting Poststroke Upper Limb Stratification: Resilience in a Larger Cohort
Authors: Varley Benjamin J. , Shiner Christine T. , Johnson Liam , McNulty Penelope A. , Thompson-Butel Angelica G.
Published: February 2021

Background

Upper limb (UL) impairment in stroke survivors is both multifactorial and heterogeneous. Stratification of motor function helps identify the most sensitive and appropriate assessments, which in turn aids the design of effective and individualized rehabilitation strategies. We previously developed a stratification method combining the Grooved Pegboard Test (GPT) and Box and Block Test (BBT) to stratify poststroke UL motor function.

Objective

To investigate the resilience of the stratification method in a larger cohort and establish its appropriateness for clinical practice by investigating limitations of the GPT completion time.

Methods

Post hoc analysis of motor function for 96 community-dwelling participants with stroke (n = 68 male, 28 female, age 60.8 ± 14 years, 24.4 ± 36.6 months poststroke) was performed using the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (F-M), BBT, and GPT. Hypothesis-free and hypothesis-based hierarchical cluster analyses were conducted to determine the resilience of the stratification method.

Results

The hypothesis-based analysis identified the same functional groupings as the hypothesis-free analysis: low (n = 32), moderate (n = 26), and high motor function (n = 38), with 3 exceptions. Thirty-three of the 38 participants with fine manual dexterity completed the GPT in ≤5 minutes. The remaining 5 participants took 6 to 25 minutes to place all 25 pegs but used alternative movement strategies to complete the test. The GPT time restriction changed the functional profile of the moderate and high motor function groups leading to more misclassifications.

Conclusion

The stratification method unambiguously classifies participants by UL motor function. While the inclusion of a 5-minute cutoff time for the GPT is preferred for clinical practice, it is not recommended for stratification purposes.
‘Dragonisation’ revisited: A progressive criminal justice policy in Wales?
Authors: Evans Jonathan , Jones Robert , Musgrove Nerys
Published: February 2021

The concept of ‘dragonisation’ was the first authoritative attempt to engage with criminal justice policy in post-devolution Wales. Its central claim, that devolution created the space and conditions for progressive justice policy to flourish in Wales while remaining part of the unitary England and Wales jurisdiction, remains largely unchallenged more than a decade since it first entered Welsh criminological vocabulary. By reviewing policy developments and drawing upon empirical research, this article revisits dragonisation to assess the extent to which Welsh policy has continued to diverge from England since the formative years of devolution. The arguments presented here contribute to emerging discussions over the future of criminal justice policy in Wales and form part of a wider criminological research agenda aimed at producing fine-grained territorial analyses of criminal justice practices, including differences within the same jurisdiction.
Simmel and Shakespeare on Lying and Love
Authors: Balmer Andrew , Durrant Michael
Published: February 2021

This article contributes to the development of the sociology of lying by exploring some of the earliest comments on the topic, which are to be found amongst Georg Simmel’s writings about secrecy. We outline Simmel’s broader approach to interaction, as an experience that is conditioned upon non-knowledge, and work towards the attribution to him of the discovery of an aesthetic of concealment and revelation. This, we argue, can be used as a founding block in the sociology of lying. We then examine what Simmel has to say about lying specifically and find he falls into contradiction as he tries to link lying to other social forms, such as love, and to the shifting patterns of life which he understood to define modernity. To refine his approach, we look back to the period of early modernity during which questions of self-revelation and concealment are being explored in literature and lived uncertainly. Specifically, we take a detailed look at William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 138, for it clearly articulates the complex, relational dynamics of lying and love and allows us to read this back into Simmel’s account and explain why he falls into confusion. We then conclude by posing a series of questions and taking the position that sociologists should study lying as a relational phenomenon.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical, endoscopic, histologic and therapeutic differences and similarities between children and adults
Authors: Visaggi Pierfrancesco , Savarino Edoardo , Sciume Giusi , Chio Teresa Di , Bronzini Francesco , Tolone Salvatore , Frazzoni Marzio , Pugno Camilla , Ghisa Matteo , Bertani Lorenzo , Bellini Massimo , Savarino Vincenzo , Peroni Diego , Marchi Santino , Bortoli Nicola de
Published: February 2021

In the absence of secondary causes, eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, local, progressive, T-helper type 2 immune-mediated disorder characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and eosinophil-predominant inflammation. In the last 20 years, the incidence and prevalence of EoE have risen sharply, and the chances of encountering affected patients in clinics and endoscopy rooms have increased. Nevertheless, it is estimated that the mean diagnostic delay of EoE is 4–6 years in both children and adults. Unfortunately, the longer the disease stays unrecognized, the likelier it is for the patient to have persistent or increased esophageal eosinophilic inflammation, to complain of non-resolving symptoms, and to develop fibrotic complications. Early detection depends on the recognition of initial clinical manifestations that vary from childhood to adulthood and even among patients of the same age. The disease phenotype also influences therapeutic approaches that include drugs, dietary interventions, and esophageal dilation. We have herein reviewed epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic, and histologic features and therapeutic options of EoE focusing on differences and similarities between children and adults that may certainly serve in daily clinical practice.
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes: clinical presentations and management
Authors: Devine Michelle F. , Kothapalli Naga , Elkhooly Mahmoud , Dubey Divyanshu
Published: February 2021

We provide an overview of the varied presentations of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. We also review the onconeural antibodies and their particular oncological and neurological associations. Recognition of these syndromes and their oncological associations is crucial, as early diagnosis and management has been associated with better patient outcomes. Specific management strategies and prognosis vary widely depending on the underlying etiology. An understanding of the relevant clinical details, imaging findings, and other diagnostic information can help tailor treatment approaches. We provide an outline of the diagnostic evaluation and treatment of various paraneoplastic neurological disorders, presenting with central and/or peripheral nervous system involvement. We briefly discuss neurologic immune checkpoint inhibitor-related adverse events, which can occasionally present with paraneoplastic neurological syndrome phenotypes.