bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Historical Perspective
Authors: Jagel Matthew
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter argues that the political history of Southeast Asian nations should not be seen through the lens of singular political leaders. To that end, the chapter introduces the political life of one important but understudied political figure—Sõn Ngc Thành. In particular, the chapter reflects on how his political choices shaped and reflected Cambodia's relationship with the United States. As a bête noir to Norodom Sihanouk for decades, Thành's story helps provide a richer history of Cambodia, rather than treating the nation as simply an extension of its monarchal ruler. Thus, the chapter reveals how Thành's story can help broaden understanding of developments in modern Cambodian history.
The Epidemic
Authors: Emery Jacob
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on Leo Tolstoy's aesthetic theory, which emphasises that art is infection and that the degree of infectiousness is the only measure of the value of art. It imagines humankind as an epidemiological community that shares a common set of circulating microbes. It also highlights Tolstoy's argument that the spread of infectious diseases restores interconnectedness to a humanity fractured by exploitation. The chapter describes metaphors of contagion running through Tolstoy's work in every genre, encouraging the masses to reconcile his fictional representations of emotional states with his theory of art's unifying power. It considers artworks as aesthetic vectors that transmit infectious feelings, offering humanity the opportunity to merge into a single emotional community.
The Orchestra
Authors: Emery Jacob
Published: September 2023

This chapter talks about poet Osip Mandelstam, who professed a nostalgia for world culture shortly before he fell victim to the Stalinist purges of the 1930s. Mandelstam's enigmatic late essay Conversation about Dante exploits ambiguous figures of aesthetic inspiration and political tyranny, identifying poetry's effect on its readership with totalitarian control over the citizenry. It demonstrates how Mandelstam's essay addresses perennial problems of relationship to the authority of writing and the preservation of literary culture through time and through a cluster of metaphors around the central image of a conductor's baton. The chapter considers the baton for Mandelstam as a central authority that imposes harmony on the orchestra's cacophony of instruments. It describes the movements of the baton that symbolize the undulating line of script traced by the writing pen, which is realized as waves of sound when the poem is read out loud.
The Market
Authors: Emery Jacob
Published: September 2023

This chapter shows the metaphorical image of a body caught up in an artistic structure and compelled to act out its commands, which is realized in Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita through its much-discussed intersection of the aesthetic and the ethical. It talks about how Nabokov translates totalitarianism into the atomized and individualistic sphere of postwar consumerism in the United States. It also mentions the Humbert Humbert character from Lolita, who is not just a madman but an adman whose travels with his pubescent captive are bankrolled in part by his sinecure as a writer of advertising copy for perfumes. The chapter highlights how advertising, like art, asks its audience to suspend disbelief in a fictional world. It analyzes the quasi-aesthetic genre that has to do with the rhetoric of behavior and the ability of words and images to influence action.
Afterword
Authors: Emery Jacob
Published: September 2023

This chapter mentions Sigizmund Krzhizhanovsky, who speculates that a universal language of philosophy might emerge from economic pressures and the need to efficiently advertise a book's contents in a competitive marketplace. It observes how commodified fragments of literary texts circulate in a more fully achieved epoch of world literature. It also describes the notoriously purple J. Peterman catalogue of the 1990s that advertised Gustave Flaubert's Ves, which presents an advertising copy's distillation of the literary text to an allusive fragment. The chapter emphasizes the forces of economic globalization and the role of artworks to suggest through structural allegory the ungraspable totality of the world system. It points out how a distinctive virtue of the aesthetic is its potential totalities, which continues to speak even when accomplished history has given a lie.
Deep Dive
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter tells how Tim Caza and John McLaughlin, a retired volunteer fire chief and body-recovery diver tried to reach a B-24 Liberator bomber that had vanished with a crew of eight after taking off from the Westover Army base in Massachusetts at the height of the Second World War. “The Twenty-Four” was last heard circling low over Oswego County in a snowstorm in the early morning hours of February 18, 1944. The chapter recounts that for seventy-four years, it had defied searches from the Adirondack Mountains to the depths of Lake Ontario, first by the US military, later by recreational divers, and, in an apparent attempt to exhaust all possibilities, a group of dowsers and mystics enlisted by private parties to channel the aircraft's whereabouts. The Liberator is fabulous both for what it was and what it represents. Engineered by Consolidated Aircraft under urgent deadlines for a war where, for the first time in history, air supremacy was counted as a deciding factor, the chapter underlines that Liberator could go farther, faster, with more payload than other bombers of its day—attributes that would carry the fight in Europe and the Pacific well behind enemy lines. The chapter emphasizes that the plane's capabilities were unique, though its legacy ultimately rests with an unprecedented manufacturing feat.
Hope and Prayer
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on a crew aboard a B-24 approaching a Royal Canadian Air Force Base in Newfoundland. Unlike their American counterparts, the chapter describes that British and Canadian planes were not typically personified with names and artwork; this one was known simply as Liberator 586. The crew of six had departed Iceland under clear skies, though as they approached their destination in Gander, pilot A. A. T. “Al” Imrie called the base for conditions and learned the airfield was closed because of poor visibility and heavy snow. The chapter tells that the circumstances were similar to what Ponder and crew had experienced during the waning hours of the previous day, with a few crucial differences. It then introduces Imrie, formerly a professional rugby player, who was a squadron leader and veteran U-boat patrol pilot, and an experienced navigator: Lieutenant Garnet “Gar” Harland, one of the best in the business. With only twenty miles to go, the chapter chronicles how they began packing maps for the anticipated landing when a sudden change in the plane's harmonics signaled a new problem. In days that followed, arctic air swirled in behind the departing storm as search crews took to the air, eyes straining against the snow-swept Labrador bush for a wisp of smoke, shred of debris, or fluttering parachute from the Canadian plane.
Recovery
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on Ensign Joseph Hebert's initial hunch: the B-24 went down in the lake. As the chapter reveals, the commander of the Oswego Coast Guard station had held fast to that conviction even after calling off the foot search along the southern and eastern shore. With no boats and not enough planes to continue a systematic survey of the lake, the chapter underlines that a random vigil by foot along the hazardous and largely inaccessible shoreline would be futile. It then explores how guardsmen and state troopers, bivouacked at points along the shore, had tracked the object through the night as it drifted around the contour of Nine Mile Point. The chapter follows how the plane had settled into a cove roughly three miles east, on the northeast side of the headland, in front of a cluster of shuttered cottages where Hebert now stood in knee-deep snow surveying the scene. The chapter describes Herbert as a trim, neat man who relished the spit and polish of maritime life. With every available resource being deployed overseas, his own moment—on an assault cargo ship transporting troops and supplies to the Pacific—would soon come, and when it did, he would embrace his duties overseeing deck crews and work parties.
Recognition
Authors: Wilber Tom
Published: September 2023

This chapter reflects on the vision that had inspired Jim Coffed, the detective and insurance investigator who teamed in the 1980s and 1990s with World War II combat veteran and Oswego County fishing guide Bud Duell to find and salvage Getaway Gertie. The chapter highlights that Jim was an enthusiast—perhaps the only person who had invested more time than John McLaughlin in researching the story of Getaway Gertie. Although an accident expert, Coffed possessed neither the expertise nor the wherewithal for diving. The chapter examines how Coffed eventually teamed with Mike McGourty of Emark Marine Services in the search for Gertie in Oswego County. The chapter also introduces Dale Coffed, Jim's older brother, which was an important figure to Jim the way older brothers often are to younger siblings. It notes that Jim Coffed had envisioned an ending with honor and dignity. Yet, as the chapter argues, his expectation to raise the plane and recover the bodies was as ingenuous as it was noble. Today, this kind of enterprise, well-intended or otherwise, is essentially forbidden.
Mercedes-Benz U.S. International
Authors: Silvia Stephen J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the unionization efforts at Mercedes-Benz U.S. International (MBUSI), the official name of the entity incorporated to build and manage a factory that makes Mercedes-Benz cars in Vance, Alabama. It shows how strong employee representation in a parent company's home, transnational union cooperation, and transnational agreements requiring respect for employee rights are not sufficient to obtain union recognition. Both the United Auto Workers (UAW) and the International Association of Machinists (IAM) failed in multiple attempts to organize the plant. The contrast between Daimler Truck North America (DTNA) and MBUSI is striking. Although the same individuals made decisions for both units, management accepted the unionization of DTNA but resisted it at MBUSI. Managers claimed that the company was neutral regarding unionization at MBUSI but cast the matter in decidedly negative terms. They maintained that it was up to the employees to decide, but in their view MBUSI did not need a union. MBUSI management also added to the union-avoidance playbook by segmenting the labor force into a core of permanent employees and a substantial periphery of temporaries supplied by outside agencies.
Volkswagen
Authors: Silvia Stephen J.
Published: September 2023

This chapter begins by recounting Volkswagen's entry into the US car market after World War II and the construction of the company's first factory in the United States three decades later. It then traces three union recognition elections in Chattanooga. The United Auto Workers (UAW) actually won one of three recognition elections held at the Chattanooga plant between 2014 and 2019, but in the end the union was unable to obtain a collective bargaining agreement out of any of the three attempts. They were innovative in each effort and changed both the strategy and the tactics in response to the previous experiences. Yet innovation also caused problems, because it precipitated Volkswagen management's move from positive neutrality in 2014, to negative neutrality in the 2015 election for a small skilled trades unit, to adopting an unadulterated union-avoidance campaign in 2019.
The Carreira das Armas
Authors: Larkins Erika Robb
Published: September 2023

This chapter presents ethnography with armed guards working in escolta armada (armed escort of cargo) and with the security instructors who train them for work. It details how the cargo security field reflects the dire condition of Brazilian urban life under late-stage capitalism, where perverse market logics dominate, and guards' injury, and even death, has become socially and politically acceptable. The chapter primarily focuses on the mechanisms through which people—the laborers in these trades that demand bodily sacrifice—understand the work they are doing in providing the sensation of security in this sector of the industry. It highlights the processes that contribute to the creation of security subjects in Rio and explores how security workers themselves are trained to come to accept the fraught task of performing the sensação de segurança. The chapter investigates how escolta guards understand their work and how they circulate their understandings within the shared social world of security schools, the training centers that prepare them to enter the labor force.
Hospitality Security
Authors: Larkins Erika Robb
Published: September 2023

This chapter focuses on guards working in the “hospitality security” industry—in shopping malls, hotels, stadiums, and so forth. It emphasizes that security laborers in these settings are taught to perform the sensation of security by managing their bodies and performing whiteness for the elite clientele they will interact with and protect. The chapter mainly investigates how guards learned to refine their bodily capital at the security school in order to be effective hospitality workers and to be pleasing tools for the generation of the sensação de segurança. It draws primarily on data from the basic training and megaevent course, which are more hospitality-oriented than the “hard” security practices of the armored car or armed cargo escort. Based on participant observation in classes at a handful of security schools, the chapter shows how the hospitality security protects white supremacy and deploys antiblackness in order to generate profit.
Visibility, Transparency, and Prediction
Authors: Rindzevičiūtė Eglė
Published: September 2023

This chapter traces the first debates on scientific prediction in the postrevolutionary Russia of the 1920s and 1930s. Focusing on the Russian pioneer of economic forecasting, Nikolai Kondrat'ev, the chapter situates the early Soviet approach to scientific prediction in the context of the long nineteenth century and French positivism. The chapter shows that some of the early positivist thinkers involved in making social and economic predictions were aware of the limitations of the approach and the link between scientific epistemology and institutional practice. They recognized that statistical numbers can create an illusion of control, especially when governance at a distance is at stake: large-scale and long-term governmental imagination operates with maps and numbers. Such visibility came at the cost of distortion and disregard of the local. When applied to future developments, the meaning of numerical prediction becomes even more complicated.
Forecasting and the Cybernetic Sensibility
Authors: Rindzevičiūtė Eglė
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines the reintroduction of the statistical forecasting of the Soviet economy and society in the 1960s as part of what can be called a “cybernetic sensibility.” Cybernetic sensibility is an idea that individual and organizational behavior should be based on informational processing, predictions, and feedback. This cybernetic sensibility led to institutional reforms to the politicized, bureaucratic system. Although the institutional reforms failed, they did so in a productive way, creating a particular “culture of forecasting,” which combined the positivist notion of prediction as generation of reliable scientific knowledge with a cybernetic notion of prediction as pattern recognition and adaptation. This culture of forecasting was transnational and took shape in the institutional context of late state socialism and East–West knowledge transfer.
Conclusion
Authors: Rindzevičiūtė Eglė
Published: September 2023

This concluding chapter begins by considering three intellectual legacies of the late modern notions of scientific prediction which paved the way for the contemporary Russian governmental imagination, enabling it to exploit the new conditions of increasingly digitally mediated and globally interconnected politics and social life. With regards to prospective reflexivity and reflexive control, the will to predict individual cognition and group behavior and to orchestrate them poses serious ethical issues. It is clear that the will to predict scientifically requires careful balancing between levels of complexity and the ability to deploy the correct epistemological tools (predictions) in appropriate contexts. Perhaps the most pressing challenge for such scholarship is shaping the public culture of coping with failure as an inevitable part and parcel of scientific predictions. That many forecasts failed is not so much a failure of science as such, but rather an expected part of a robust process of scientific knowledge production. Ultimately, the failure of prediction as pattern recognition helps us to notice changes in the environment and inform the organism's or machine's adaptation to it.
Anarchy, Power, and the Politics of Expertise
Authors: Slotta James
Published: September 2023

This chapter builds on the context of uncertainty, and shows how it underpins the power of experts and expertise in the anarchic villages of the Yopno Valley. As the chapter emphasizes, expertise often serves as a technique of power, a potent means of shaping the behavior of others. That is certainly how it is used in the Yopno Valley, where community leaders routinely offer up their purported expertise in an effort to steer the actions of often recalcitrant community members. However, the chapter also looks at the politics of expertise from a less familiar perspective—that of listeners. From the perspective of the uncertain listener, the chapter underlines that expertise offers a way of getting a grip on reality and of taking greater control of their future. The chapter explains how expertise serves two seemingly contradictory political aims simultaneously: it is a technique of power used by speakers to control and influence their audience, and at the same time it plays an essential role in the anarchic politics of Yopno villages, supporting listeners in their pursuit of self-determination.
The “Nuclear Village”
Authors: Koppenborg Florentine
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the story of half a century of stable nuclear power development, from 1955 until 2011, and identifies the mechanisms that sustained path dependence. It stresses fuzzy boundaries and conflicts among pronuclear actors in Japan, as in a real village with family feuds. The chapter argues that Japan's nuclear policy history is sometimes divided into stages with the restructuring of the nuclear power administration in the mid- to late 1970s and in the early 2000s marking turning points. It shows that these reforms only changed the makeup of the nuclear safety administration but left intact the safety governance flaws that ailed the nuclear village. Understanding such path dependence in the nuclear power domain requires a closer look at the institutions that structured it. The chapter then examines collective actors (organizations) in the nuclear power domain and the formal and informal rules (institutions) that structure their interaction to explain the emergence and persistence of safety governance institutions that ultimately led to the March 2011 nuclear disaster.
Conclusions and Implications
Authors: Koppenborg Florentine
Published: September 2023

This chapter returns to the puzzle of an independent nuclear regulation agency with the ability to withstand pressure from the pronuclear iron triangle. The answer to the puzzle lies in the initial steps taken immediately after the accident, in line with historical institutionalism's focus on temporality. The chapter underlines that safety governance reforms can become political game changers if they undermine the power structure that sustained the previous path. Regarding change mechanisms, the chapter demonstrates the importance of agents of change agreeing on one reform idea. As political entrepreneurs consolidated around the idea of independent safety regulation, the chapter argues that power constellations changed in favor of those seeking change. Ultimately, the chapter draws some historical lessons for ongoing and future attempts to regulate established and emerging high-risk high-return technologies. It stresses that avoiding regulatory capture requires state expertise and regulatory competencies vis-à-vis developers and promoters of a technology, as well as informational transparency as a door opener for a societal debate about acceptable risks and scrutiny of a regulatory agency's work.
Byzantine Leprosariums
Authors: Miller Timothy S. , Nesbitt John W.
Published: September 2023

This chapter examines how Christian leaders first established leprosariums. It provides an overview of the development of Byzantine philanthropic institutions by considering the relationship between leprosariums and hospitals for treatable ailments. The East Roman Empire opened leprosariums when Church leaders perceived an increase in the number of those with elephantiasis. Fear of contagion explains the location of Byzantine leprosariums beyond the walls of the cities they served. Meanwhile, for most Byzantine Christians, placing their loved ones in a nearby leprosarium provided a way to simultaneously protect their family's health and meet the demands of charity toward the sick. The chapter details how Byzantium provided financial support to leprosariums with the help of East Roman emperors, local bishops, monastic leaders, and wealthy laymen.
Leprosy in the Latin West
Authors: Miller Timothy S. , Nesbitt John W.
Published: September 2023

This chapter looks into the extent of leprosy in the Latin West. It starts with the conspiracy of lepers poisoning wells, which evolved into fear and hatred against people with Elephant Disease. Historians have suggested the resurgence of Islam under the Mamluks and the loss of all crusading territory in the Middle East as some of the underlying causes for the leper plot hysteria. In both the Byzantine East and the Latin West, leprosy had this strange, ambivalent connotation that either represented sin or virtue. The chapter also mentions that Latin medical writers were able to distinguish leprosy from other skin diseases, referencing the symptom of losing sensation in the hands and feet.
The Knights of Lazarus
Authors: Miller Timothy S. , Nesbitt John W.
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses the origins of the Knights of Saint Lazarus. Initially, the organization began as a group of ascetic men who served the victims of Elephant Disease in a leprosarium outside the walls of Jerusalem. However, a century later, ascetics had taken their place alongside the more famous Templar and Hospitaller warriors in battles against the forces of Islam. The chapter elaborates on how the Knights of Saint Lazarus fit into the wider program of care for lepers in the countries of Latin Christendom. It then details their involvement in the Leper Massacre of 1321 in France, which involve the Knights of Lazarus and Pope Clement IV's plan to enclose victims of leprosy in the order's leprosariums.
Immunosuppressive effect of Plantago major on the innate immunity of Galleria mellonella
Authors: Kaya Serhat
Published: September 2023

Greater plantain (Plantago major), a medicinal plant species, is used in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases in many countries of the world. Different studies have shown that the bioactive components contained in the plant have a dual effect. It was also reported that in vivo and in vitro studies showed different results. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of P. major extract on the hemocyte-mediated and humoral immune responses of the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella, which is widely used in immune studies. In the evaluation of these effects, total hemocyte count, encapsulation, melanization, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde and total protein parameters were evaluated. The results of the study showed that the total hemocyte count did not change, that the encapsulation responses decreased, that the melanization responses and phenoloxidase activity increased and that the superoxide dismutase activity decreased. As a result, it was determined that high doses of P. major had negative effects on cell-mediated immunity and antioxidant defence and positive effects on melanization. High doses and continuous use of P. major may have negative effects on living things.
Urine proteomic analysis of the rat e-cigarette model
Authors: Liu Yuqing , Shen Ziyun , Zhao Chenyang , Gao Youhe
Published: September 2023

Background

We were curious if the urinary proteome could reflect the effects of e-cigarettes on the organism.

Methods

Urine samples were collected from a rat e-cigarette model before, during, and after two weeks of e-cigarette smoking. Urine proteomes before and after smoking of each rat were compared individually, while the control group was set up to rule out differences caused by rat growth and development.

Results

Fetuin-B, a biomarker of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and annexin A2, which is recognized as a multiple tumour marker, were identified as differential proteins in five out of six smoking rats on day 3. To our surprise, odourant-binding proteins expressed in the olfactory epithelium were also found and were significantly upregulated. Pathways enriched by the differential proteins include the apelin signalling pathway, folate biosynthesis pathway, arachidonic acid metabolism, chemical carcinogenesis-DNA adducts and chemical carcinogenesis-reactive oxygen species. They have been reported to be associated with immune system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, etc.

Conclusions

Urinary proteome could reflect the effects of e-cigarettes in rats.
Usefulness of Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Detection of Asymptomatic Pancreatic Morphological Changes in Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Agarwal Dinesh , Govil Anurag , Udawat Harsh
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Although alcoholism is a common aetiological link between liver and pancreatic disorders, the frequency of coinciding pancreatic disease in patients with alcohol-related liver disease is not well understood. The present study mentions about the use of Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) with standardised criteria to assess asymptomatic or overt pancreatic pathology in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Aim: To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic Alcoholic Chronic Pancreatitis (ACP) in Indian patients affected by Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis (ALC) using EUS. Materials and Methods: The present observational crosssectional study was conducted on patients attending the Outpatient Department of Gastroenterology at Santokba Durlabhji Memorial Hospital Cum Medical Research Institute, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. A total of 35 patients were screened with alcoholic liver disease for pancreatic abnormalities using EUS. The patients were recruited for the study over a period of 12 months, from September 2013 to August 2014. The prevalence of chronic pancreatitis (CP) was determined, and abnormalities were graded according to the Rosemont criteria. The severity of alcoholic liver disease, as indexed by Child Pugh Scoring (CPS) and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD), was evaluated for any association with endosonographic findings of CP. The influence of various clinico-demographic factors on alcoholic liver and pancreatic diseases was analysed using the PSS Inc. Chicago, IL program. Results: A total of 35 male patients, aged 28 to 65 years with a mean age of 46.97 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. EUS revealed a prevalence of CP in 20% of patients. Three patients showed changes suggestive of CP, of which two had ALC and one had Alcoholic Hepatitis (AH). Four patients were prioritised in categorised as indeterminate for CP, with three having cirrhosis and one having Alcoholic Fatty Liver (ALF). No significant influence of clinico-demographic profiles on the final outcome parameters was observed. The patient with endoscopic changes had a MELD score of 12.85±5.11 compared to patients without changes of ACP (19.1±5.71) (p=0.013). ALC was found to be inversely related to EUS changes of ACP. Conclusion: The EUS is an effective screening tool for evaluating pancreatic abnormalities in patients with alcoholic liver disease. The present study provides a comprehensive review of previous findings in light of the varying facts and figures. As there is still a lack of experimental animal models for ALC and ACP, studies of this kind may shed light on hidden links in disease pathology.
Association of HbE Haemoglobinopathy in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Kamanna Anuradha , Naorem Santa , Tauro Sheral Raina , Saha Supratim , Akuli Soumya Pratim , Reddy Niranjan N , Karthik YR , Krishnappa Niharika
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of autoimmune origin that affects multiple systems, with the haematologic system being commonly involved. However, the co-existence of haemoglobinopathies and connective tissue disorders has rarely been investigated, and the available data on this matter are primarily anecdotal. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Haemoglobin E (HbE) haemoglobinopathy in adult SLE patients and to assess the association of HbE haemoglobinopathy and SLE with disease activity. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) Hospital, Imphal, Manipur, India, from April 2021 to July 2022. The study included SLE patients diagnosed during the study period who attended the rheumatology Outpatient Department (OPD). The independent variables were age, gender, occupation, religion, and family history, while HbE haemoglobinopathy, Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin (MCH), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, and Systemic Lupus Activity Measure Revised Index (SLAM-R index) score were the dependent variables. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0, with proportions analysed using the Chi-square test and Fisher’s-exact test, and means compared using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 105 SLE patients included in the study, 93% were females. The majority of participants (36.2%) were in the age group of 21-30 years. Twenty-five patients (23.8%) had HbE haemoglobinopathy. Anaemia and MCV were significantly associated with HbE patients. Among the 25 HbE patients, 24 (96%) had active SLE disease. Among the HbE negative patients, 55 (68.7%) had active disease, while 25 (31.3%) did not have any active disease. Active SLE disease was significantly associated with HbE haemoglobinopathy (p-value=0.002). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of HbE haemoglobinopathy in SLE patients was found to be 24%. Hb levels and MCV levels were significantly lower in HbE patients. There was a significant association between active SLE disease and HbE haemoglobinopathy
Economic Mapping of Fish Farming Communities in Cikancung Village, Cikancung District, Bandung Regency
Authors: Zulvikar Septian , Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Maulina Ine , Nurhayati Atikah
Published: September 2023

This research aims to compile economic mapping of fish farming communities and the economic factors that influence fisheries development in cikancung village, cikancung district, bandung regency. This research method is a survey method. This research was carried out from july 2023 – aug 2023 in cikancung village. The data required is qualitative data, namely primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through interviews and questionnaires to fish cultivators in cikancung village, while secondary data was obtained through documents from the cikancung village government and the food security and fisheries office of bandung regency, west java. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The data analysis method in this study is a qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the economic conditions of most cultivators had income in the low category, namely less than idr 5,000,000 per month. The average value of the productivity of fish farming is 0.6 kg/year/m2. The economic factors that hinder cultivators are the lack of capital and the reduced area of ​​cultivator land. There is a need for ongoing research regarding economic mapping by using variables and other methods to monitor What are economic conditions of the fish farming community in Cikancung village, cikancung district, bandung regency and also there needs to be more intensive outreach and training activities To fish farmers in cikancung village so that business activities are carried out Implemented can be more advanced and developed.
Steady State Conditions in Tractable Markov Manpower Model for an Extended Manpower System
Authors: Ossai Everestus Okafor
Published: September 2023

In this work, a formulation of manpower structure in discrete-time homogeneous Markov model is done for a multilevel manpower system. The structure of the manpower system is first extended in a departmentalized framework and the features of the extended structure utilized to create a  scenario of personnel membership in three classes: the active, non-active and external classes. This allows for the inclusion of different units of the system in the model. Specifically, a pool of members in absorbing states with respect to intra-class transitions is included, which forms a second channel of recruitment. The first channel of recruitment is from the external class and all recruits go to the active class.  All states of the active class are non-absorbing and give rise to various intra-class and inter-class transitions. Different probability matrices that form the main components of the Markov manpower model are constructed from probabilities of these transitions. One-step steady state condition on the manpower structure is considered, based on the formulated model, and established to be invariant with respect to varying proportion of recruits into the system.
Recent Advances Related to Anomeric and Exo-anomeric Effects in Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Filho João Rufino de Freitas , Freitas Jucleiton José Rufino de , Neto Pedro Ramos de Souza , Souza Fabrícia Aparecida Marques de , Ferreira Adiel Soares , Silva Anne Gabrielle Marques da , Lopes Francisco Antonio Mabson Henrique , Moraes Marcilio Martins de , Ramos Clécio Souza , Oliveira Ronaldo Nascimentos de
Published: September 2023

The anomeric effect in carbohydrate chemistry is known as the interaction between the OHd substituent at the anomeric position to favor an axial orientation rather than an equatorial one, despite the increased 1,3-diaxial interactions. In the anomeric effect, a sugar ring is stabilized by an electronegative substituent at the C1 carbon, also known as the anomeric carbon. The stabilization is thought to result from interactions between lone electron pairs on oxygen and a C1 antibonding orbital. On the other hand, the anomeric effect can be of two types: endo-anomeric and exo-anomeric. The effect is called endo-anomeric when the lone pair comes from the oxygen atom in the sugar ring and exo-anomeric when the lone pair comes from oxygen in a substituent on C1. Several factors influence the anomeric effect. In this way, this review aims to describe the recent advances in main theories, observations, and advances achieved in the last decades related to the anomeric effect.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Serialized Barcode Printing Solution for Drug Traceability: An Architectural Design and Approach
Authors: Sarkar Shambhu
Published: September 2023

Medicine serialization seems to be a key to both counterfeiting and the complex supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry, including recalls and returns. Though there are countries that use serialization as a legal necessity, it is still a developing topic within the industry. Serialization is not just for anti-counterfeit technology but also to use supply chain and stock management more proficiently. The design of the Barcode is a fundamental requirement as per Healthcare Distribution Alliance (HDA) guidelines for serialized products. Encoding Barcodes on pharmaceutical drugs with critical product attributes is necessary for tracking and validating product sources. Since the serialization guidelines are regulated, small-scale pharmaceutical companies are struggling to comply with regulations due to heavy investments. Printing Serialized labels with barcodes required specialized third-party systems and software. The cost of third-party systems that integrate with ERP and Serialized systems for exchanging data is very expensive. On the other hand, the operational and sustainability costs of these systems will be an additional year-to-year cost for the company.

Aim: This Study investigated the feasibility of designing a barcode printing solution for drug traceability.

Material and Method: A case study has been carried out at a USA-based generic pharmaceutical company to print serialized labels using their enterprise Resource planning (ERP) integrated with the packaging line.

Result: This dynamic solution for serialized label printing saves the company a significant number of resources and money, as they do not need to buy any specialized third-party system to print the label or send back the product to the packaging line.

Conclusion: In this paper, we implement and validate a dynamic solution to print 2D data matrix and 1D Linear barcodes successfully within an ERP system by eliminating the need for a specialized third-party printing system.
A Review of Integrated Control Technology of Tension Stringing Equipment in Transmission Line Erection
Authors: Pang Yansong
Published: September 2023

The comprehensive control technology of tension stringing equipment for transmission line erection is a method that uses modern information technology, communication technology, automation technology and other means to remotely control and monitor the state of the tensioning equipment, and realize the acquisition and control of the main working state of the tensioner, as well as real-time monitoring and control. This method has important roles and values in improving the operation efficiency and reliability of the tensioning equipment, reducing the construction cost and risk, ensuring the quality and safety of the erection construction, etc. This paper reviews the research status and progress in this field, mainly introduces the research achievements in three aspects: online monitoring and intelligent control system of tensioning equipment, control strategy based on nonlinear control technology, and control strategy based on fuzzy logic, as well as their roles in improving the machine performance and safety. This paper also analyzes the problems and challenges in this field, and puts forward the future development direction. This paper provides a valuable reference for the researchers and engineers in this field, and also provides some inspiration and suggestions for the future research or exploration in this field.
The Value of Liberal Feminism in “Sì” Giorgio Armani Perfume Line Advertisement
Authors: Chandra Tjiang Jennifer , Soelistyo Liliek
Published: September 2023

This study aims to find out how verbal communication and visual signs in the "Sì" Giorgio Armani Perfume Line Advertisement reflect the value of liberal feminism. In conducting the study, I used Danesi's theory of Signs in semiotics (2004). This study was done using a qualitative approach in which I transcribed both the song lyrics and the narration that appeared in the video. I also captured the scene of the video to analyze the visual sign aspects. For this study, I analyzed the visual sign through the actress's body language, facial expression, and the color that often appeared in the video advertisement. The data finds that the "Sì" by Giorgio Armani perfume line advertisement uses the concept of liberal feminism to appeal to a modern and empowered audience of women. By incorporating messages of individual choice, empowerment, and self-affirmation, the advertisement positions itself as a brand that supports and celebrates the values of liberal feminism.
PYCNOCLINE THICKNESS EFFECT ON INTERNAL WAVE BREAKING OVER A UNIFORM SLOPE
Authors: Nakayama Keisuke , Shintani Tetsuya
Published: September 2023

Internal waves play a significant role in the resuspension and transport of fine sediment adjacent to the sea bottom in the coastal region. Inall (2009) found the horizontal current and diffusion of mass due to the breaking of internal waves in the Fjord by using a fluorescent tracer. Internal waves have been shown to cause crucial mass transport and affect the ecological system. In particular, an internal solitary wave that progresses without changing the profile contributes to mass transport on a sloping bottom. Therefore, it is essential to clarify how an internal solitary wave breaks over a slope and transports mass. When pycnocline thickness is negligible in a twolayer fluid, an internal solitary wave breaking over a slope can be categorized into four breaker types by applying the latest classification based on wave slope, bottom slope gradient and an internal Reynolds number. Aghsaee et al. (2010) demonstrated that an internal solitary wave breaking over a slope can be categorized into four breaker types: surging, collapsing, plunging, and fission breakers using three-dimensional numerical simulations. They used wave slope and bottom slope gradient. However, some plunging and collapsing breakers were not appropriately categorized. Nakayama et al. (2019) solved the classification problem by introducing an internal Reynolds number based on the Korteweg–De Vries equation. However, it remains unsolved if this classification can categorize the breaking of an internal solitary wave under thick pycnocline conditions. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the applicability of the classification under changing pycnocline thickness (Nakayama et al., 2021).
DEPTH-RESOLVED MODELLING OF SEDIMENT FLUXES UNDER BICHROMATIC WAVES IN THE SWASH ZONE
Authors: Kranenborg J.W.M. , Campmans G.H.P. , Werf J.J. Van der , McCall R.T. , Reniers A.J.H.M. , Hulscher S.J.M.H.
Published: September 2023

Traditionally, many numerical studies of sediment transport or morphodynamics in the swash zone use depth-averaged approach. This is relatively computationally cheap, however, the assumptions it makes on vertical structures of the flow velocity and suspended sediment concentration are not always fully met. Depth-resolving models, albeit more computationally expensive, offer the ability to investigate sediment transport without imposing assumptions on vertical structures. Therefore, these models are a great tool for investigating processes related to sediment transport in the swash zone. In this study, will look at the behavior of suspended sediment in the swash zone, and the role vertical structures therein.
MODELING MACRO ROUGHNESS WITH A POROUS MEDIA, EXAMPLE OF THE ARTHA BREAKWATER
Authors: Poncet Pierre-Antoine , Damien Sous  , Abadie Stépane
Published: September 2023

Regarding the wave climate and urbanisation in the bask country, several coastal structure in that area are submitted to extreme wave conditions that can be destructive. While wave transformation over low to mild sloping beaches have been widely studied, shoaling, breaking, reflection and dissipation over steep and very rough slopes are much less documented, Van der Meer (1992) and Dodet et al. (2018). With slightly different values some coral reef present similar slopes and roughness and have been the object of several insitu and numerical studies Buckley(2015), Sous (2020). During fall 2018 a measurement campaign was conducted close to the Artha breakwater. Offshore spectral parameters were measured at a directional wave buoy in 20 m water depth. A directional currentmeter was installed at the foot of the block armor unit at 15m deep while five pressure sensors were attached directly on the concrete blocks to obtain a complete cross-shore survey of wave transformation over the armor. In addition, high frequency impact pressure measurements are carried out on the dike wall together with punctual video recordings of wave impacts. The whole setup therefore provides a unique comprehensive in-situ dataset of wave transformation over a coastal breakwater.
TWEED SAND BYPASSING TRANSITION PROJECT
Authors: Harry Matthew , Barwick Adrian , Harper Bruce
Published: September 2023

The Tweed River is located in New South Wales, Australia, just south of the state border with Queensland. The Tweed River Entrance Sand Bypass Project, aka Tweed Sand Bypassing (TSB), was formulated to overcome problems caused by the extension of the Tweed River entrance training walls in the 1960s (Dyson et al., 2001). These issues were primarily: the interception of natural longshore movement of sand, resulting in loss of sand supply to the southern Gold Coast beaches; and sand movement into the river entrance with consequential impacts on vessel navigation. TSB is a joint initiative of the New South Wales and Queensland State Governments. The TSB is similar to the nearby Gold Coast Seaway Sand Bypass (GCSSB) that was commissioned in 1986 to stabiles the Nerang River entrance (Clausner, 1989). Together, these two facilities have come to represent best practice outcomes in sustainable coastal management. A Transition Project was established by TSB to identify the most appropriate operational system / model post-expiry of the CA and to ensure ongoing effective coastal management that meets the legislated objectives. The Transition Project has provided a unique opportunity to improve how TSB functions through the exploration of available options and analysis of historical operational performance.
ON-REEF CYCLONIC WAVE CLIMATE THROUGHOUT THE GREAT BARRIER REEF
Authors: Callaghan David P.
Published: September 2023

The Great Barrier Reef is an iconic ecosystem that is collapsing under low lagoon water quality from terrestrial runoff and resulting overly productive crown-of-thorns starfish, coral bleaching from thermal stress and physical destruction from tropical cyclones, to name the top four stresses. This collapsing is mostly seen in coral coverage declining over time from water quality and starfish stresses combined with episodic large scale drops from thermal stress and tropical cyclones. Action on improved land use would decrease the impact from water quality and starfish and action on climate change would reduce thermal stresses and hence, the frequency of bleaching events. Tropical cyclone impacts, while they may be getting more intense or larger under climate change, their destructive power is significant either way (i.e., before and after climate changes). These stresses have led to the administrative body, the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, to shift from passive management to active interventions, which are generally extremely costly compared to the income generated by the Great Barrier Reef. Consequently, to ensure the limited resources are deployed to obtained maximum benefit, interventions are being tested across all stresses including cyclonic stresses. This requires fine scale determination of cyclonic wave climates across the entire Great Barrier Reef.