bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations for shoot-through FLASH proton therapy
Authors: Verhaegen Frank , Wanders Roel-Germ , Wolfs Cecile , Eekers Daniëlle
Published: February 2021

Purpose. To discuss several pertinent issues related to shoot-through FLASH proton therapy based on an illustrative case. Methods. We argue that with the advent of FLASH proton radiotherapy and due to the issues associated with conventional proton radiotherapy regarding the uncertainties of positioning of the Bragg peaks, the difficulties of in vivo verification of the dose distribution, the use of treatment margins and the uncertainties surrounding linear energy transfer (LET) and relative biological effectiveness (RBE), a special mode of shoot-through FLASH proton radiotherapy should be investigated. In shoot-through FLASH, the proton beams have sufficient energy to reach the distal exit side of the patient. Due to the FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues at both the proximal and distal side of tumors, radiotherapy plans can be developed that meet current planning constraints and issues regarding RBE can be avoided. Results. A preliminary proton plan for a neurological tumor in close proximity to various organs at risk (OAR) with strict dose constraints was studied. A plan with four beams mostly met the constraints for the OAR, using a treatment planning system that was not optimized for this novel treatment modality. When new treatment planning algorithms would be developed for shoot-through FLASH, constraints would be easier to meet. The shoot-through FLASH plan led to a significant effective dose reduction in large parts of the healthy tissue. The plan had no uncertainties associated to Bragg peak positioning, needed in principle no large proximal or distal margins and LET increases near the Bragg peak became irrelevant. Conclusion. Shoot-through FLASH proton radiotherapy may be an interesting treatment modality to explore further. It would remove some of the current sources of uncertainty in proton radiotherapy. An additional advantage could be that portal dosimetry may be possible with beams penetrating the patient and impinging on a distally placed imaging detector, potentially leading to a practical treatment verification method. With current proton accelerator technology, trials could be conducted for neurological, head&neck and thoracic cancers. For abdominal and pelvic cancer a higher proton energy would be required.
Three-dimensional modulational instability of dust acoustic waves in the presence of generalized (r, q) distributed electrons
Authors: El-Taibany W F , El-Bedwehy N A , El-Shafeay N A , El-Labany S K
Published: February 2021

A three-dimensional (3D) modulational instability (MI) of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) in a three-component magnetized dusty plasma system consisting of a negatively charged fluid, inertialess generalized (r, q) distributed electrons and Boltzmann distributed ions, is investigated. The basic system of the nonlinear hydrodynamic equations is reduced to a 3D nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS) which is valid for small but finite amplitude DAWs using a reductive perturbation technique. The domain of the stability and instability regions is investigated that is strongly affected by the spectral parameters of the generalized (r, q) distribution and the electron-to-ion temperature ratio (T

e
/T

i
). The existence domains for observing the first-and second-order solutions of the dust acoustic rogue waves (DARWs) are determined and the basic features (viz the width and amplitude) for the first-order solution are found to be significantly dependent on the system physical parameters changes such as T

e
/T

i
, number density ratio [n

e0/(n

d0
z

d0)] and the dust cyclotron frequency (ω

cd
) as well as the spectral indexes r and q. A comparison between the first-and second-order DARW amplitudes is presented. Moreover, another comparison between the first-order DARW amplitudes obtained by generalized (r, q) distributed electrons and those corresponds to Maxwellian is provided. Finally, implication of our consequences in specific plasma situations are briefly discussed.
The quantum and classical Fano parameter q
Authors: Iizawa Masatomi , Kosugi Satoshi , Koike Fumihiro , Azuma Yoshiro
Published: February 2021

The Fano resonance has been a familiar and important feature in atomic and molecular physics for more than half a century. Typically, the combination of a discrete state with one or more continua results in an asymmetric peak in the ionization spectrum. The peak-shape, called the Fano profile, can be expressed by a simple formula derived by Fano in 1935. However, the interpretation of its characteristic parameter q, which represents the asymmetry of the peak in the formula, is not necessarily intuitively transparent. The Fano resonance is not necessarily a quantum effect, but it is a manifestation of a certain physical mechanism in various systems, both quantum and classical. Through the derivation of q from the known classical pictures with the classical coupled oscillator, we interpret the q value with a geometrical view. And further, we introduce a complex valued q parameter for the description of the resonance with a damped oscillator.
Effect of odd viscosity on the stability of thin viscoelastic liquid film flowing along an inclined plate
Authors: Zhao Juanxia , Jian Yongjun
Published: February 2021

A theory for the stability of a viscoelastic film flowing along an inclined wall which is considered the odd viscosity effect is investigated. Using the lubrication theory, a new liquid-gas interface evolution equation involving odd viscosity effect is derived. Linear stability analysis shows that the larger odd viscosity leads to the higher critical Reynolds number. While the higher viscoelastic parameter makes the critical Reynolds number lower. The weakly nonlinear study reveals that in the limited amplitude range, the supercritical stable region and the explosion region will decrease with the increase of the odd viscosity. Conversely, the unconditional stable region and the subcritical unstable region increase. Interestingly, the threshold of the supercritical stable region decreases with the increase of the odd viscosity. Therefore, by analysing the linear and non-linear stability of the evolution equation, we find that the odd viscosity stabilizes the flow, while the viscoelastic property destabilizes the flow.
Research on poles selection and poles reuse of distribution line
Authors: junkuo Li , jia Guo , lihuan Wang , fan Gao
Published: February 2021

Based on the model selection of distribution line poles and towers, this paper presents the application scheme of high strength concrete poles in distribution lines. At the same time, it studies the reuse of dismantled old concrete poles and puts forward a graded utilization programme. Research achievements can guide the model selection and reuse of distribution line poles so as to help power grid enterprise to improve their quality and enhance their efficiency.
Discussion on Optimization and promotion of measurement standard management system in power industry
Authors: Liu Yudan , Li Chenxi , Zhu Bing , Miao Yu , Guo Jiabao
Published: February 2021

Measurement is the basis of development and service is the basis of measurement. The unity of measurement unit system and the accuracy and reliability of quantity value transmission are the important foundation of national economic development and the strong guarantee of serving social development. With the expansion of power industry business scale year by year, the number of measurement standards is increasing day by day. How to optimize the management mode of measurement standards and build an efficient, lean, interconnected measurement standard management system is the focus of this paper. This paper starts with the innovation of power industry measurement standard management ideas, discusses in detail the realization method of the optimization and promotion of the measurement standard management system, and proposes to establish a "Online + offline" measurement standard management system to realize linkage management mechanism, subvert the original passive cramming service mode, and truly realize customer-oriented, personalized customization and intelligent management mode of service.
Research on Frequency Tracking Technology of High Frequency Induction Equipment
Authors: Wu Baigong , Wu Rujian , Xu Jing , Sun Jianzhi , Wang Xianjian , Wang Qiuping
Published: February 2021

With the development of luxury cruise ships and large offshore platforms, the use of high-frequency electromagnetic heating power sources to replace fireworks for thin steel plate leveling is a new development trend in the shipping and offshore industries. The technical difficulty of high-frequency induction power supplies is frequency track. The frequency tracking circuit in this article uses CD4046 as the core, which not only realizes frequency tracking but also realizes the dead time setting, ensures that the power supply can realize frequency scanning and maximum frequency tracking, and ensures that the circuit always works in resonance or quasi-resonance state, The output is more efficient at this time.
Design and Analysis of Permanent Magnet AC Servo Motor Based on ANSYS
Authors: Lei Hongdan , Chen Ying , Chen Dongdong , Li Zongwei , Zhu Hongguan
Published: February 2021

According to the design requirements, this paper studies electromagnetic design theory, establishes calculation model to determine a design scheme of permanent magnet AC servo motor, and uses finite-element simulation to analyze it under no-load and load conditions. The results show that the design parameters and output performance of the motor can well meet the technical specifications, which can provide a reference for further study.
Research on a monitoring method of measurement standard on-site evaluation
Authors: Liu Yudan , Wu Tong , Sun Lina , Li Dan , Zhang Yidan
Published: February 2021

This paper discusses a monitoring method of on-site evaluation of measurement standards. By means of data acquisition, image recognition, mobile Internet and big data analysis, it can collect real-time field image and sound information in the process of measurement on-site verification, and effectively identify the field collected information, calculating the difference value between the actual measurement and the standard value. On the one hand, according to the different categories, the field operators are warned and instructed by means of voice, image and other means. On the other hand, it records the key information of the measurement field verification, and assists the field operators to complete the online filing of engineering data, so as to realize the monitoring of measurement standard on-site evaluation process.
Implications of changing synchronization in propulsive performance of side-by-side pitching foils
Authors: Gungor Ahmet , Hemmati Arman
Published: February 2021

The unsteady hydrodynamics of side-by-side pitching foils are studied numerically at Reynolds number of 4000 with altering phase differences in the middle of an oscillation cycle. This represents a change in synchronization of oscillating foils, inspired by experimental observations on group swimming of red nose tetra fish. The hybrid oscillation cases are based on an initially out-of-phase pitching that switch to in-phase at the 20th cycle of oscillation. Various sequential combinations of out-of-phase and in-phase pitching are also examined in terms of foil propulsive performance. It is observed that out-of-phase pitching foils initially produce zero total side-force. However, they start producing negative total side-force after 13 oscillation cycles. Contrarily for the in-phase oscillation cases, the initially positive total side-force reverted to zero over time. In hybrid oscillation cases, the negative total side-force produced during the initial out-of-phase oscillations abruptly adjusted to zero following a change of synchronization that led to in-phase oscillations, which is inspired from a particular swimming behavior in fish. Based on three hybrid modes, defined on the onset of mid-cycle switch to in-phase oscillations, it was apparent that the benefit of synchronization, or there lack of, greatly depended on the timing of the change in synchronization. Thus, mid-swimming change of synchronization in side-by-side systems inspired by fish schools compensates for their non-zero total side-force production to maintain their lateral position. Such changes do not translate to significant gains in neither thrust generation nor efficiency.
Approximate symmetries of guiding-centre motion
Authors: Burby J W , Kallinikos N , MacKay R S
Published: February 2021

In a strong, inhomogeneous magnetic field, charged particle dynamics may be studied in the guiding-centre approximation, which is known to be Hamiltonian. When the magnetic field is quasisymmetric, the first-order guiding-centre (FGC) Hamiltonian structure admits a continuous symmetry, and therefore a conserved quantity in addition to the energy. Since the FGC system is only an approximation, it is also interesting to consider approximate symmetries of the guiding-centre Hamiltonian structure. We find that any approximate spatial symmetry coincides with quasisymmetry to leading order. For approximate phase-space symmetries, we derive weaker conditions than quasisymmetry. The latter include ‘weak quasisymmetry’ as a subcase, recently proposed by Rodríguez et al. Our results, however, show that weak quasisymmetry is necessarily non-spatial at first order. Finally, we demonstrate that if the magnetic field is constrained to satisfy magnetohydrostatic force balance then an approximate symmetry must agree with quasisymmetry to leading order.
Towards closed strings as single-valued open strings at genus one
Authors: Gerken Jan E , Kleinschmidt Axel , Mafra Carlos R , Schlotterer Oliver , Verbeek Bram
Published: February 2021

We relate the low-energy expansions of world-sheet integrals in genus-one amplitudes of open- and closed-string states. The respective expansion coefficients are elliptic multiple zeta values (eMZVs) in the open-string case and non-holomorphic modular forms dubbed ‘modular graph forms (MGFs)’ for closed strings. By inspecting the differential equations and degeneration limits of suitable generating series of genus-one integrals, we identify formal substitution rules mapping the eMZVs of open strings to the MGFs of closed strings. Based on the properties of these rules, we refer to them as an elliptic single-valued map which generalizes the genus-zero notion of a single-valued map acting on MZVs seen in tree-level relations between the open and closed string.
Urban Parking Scheme in Hangzhou Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Chen Mingxiu
Published: February 2021

With the increasing number of motor vehicles in China, the traditional parking schemes have become inefficient. Traditional parking mainly relies on the driver’s experience and judgment, which makes the search for a parking space difficult; at the same time it will cause traffic congestion nearby. The current parking system in Hangzhou, which includes smart payment, smart service, smart supervision and big data analysis, has largely alleviated the aforementioned difficulties. However, the existing smart parking system still has many shortcomings, such as insufficient coverage of hardware, and the software used is only an information display interface, which cannot make any judgements. This paper discusses a parking scheme based on reinforcement learning, including the application of Q-learning and DQN, in order to improve the performance of the parking system. Q-learning is the most likely method for smart parking, and DQN can also be used to improve real-time judgment. This paper compares traditional parking, smart parking, and smart parking with reinforcement learning, and lists their advantages and disadvantages respectively. The comparison shows that smart parking systems are overall more beneficial than traditional systems.
Research on the Impact of Policy Incentives on the Implementation of Ship ECA Policies
Authors: Wang Zheng , Liu Ying
Published: February 2021

As a means to effectively control the environmental impact of ships’ air pollutant emissions, the ship ECA policy has been implemented and applied in many regions. The implementation of the ship ECA policy involves many aspects such as shipping companies and maritime supervision of port states. Among them, whether or not to implement incentive measures, or the strength of incentive measures, will directly affect the actions taken by shipping companies to reduce air pollutants from ships. Aiming at the problem that all parties to the game are affected by incentives in the implementation of the ship ECA policy, this paper builds a simulation model for the incentives of the ECA based on the idea of evolutionary game and system dynamics, and analyzes the situation of incentives in different intensities The response of relevant stakeholders in the implementation of the ship ECA policy.
A Study of Maritime Administration Regulation in Process and Afterwards
Authors: Yahan Hu , Minglu Ma
Published: February 2021

—This paper discusses the background, situation and challenges faced by the maritime department to strengthen the regulation in process and afterwards. Then, according to the current management of the maritime department, it analyzes the contents, principles and objectives of strengthening the regulation in process and afterwards based on the regulation means adopted in the daily management of maritime department. Finally, it puts forward some proposals for further enforcement of the regulation in process and afterwards, with the purpose of providing new thought for forging a closed-loop operation and optimizing the regulation of maritime safety.
Housing Price Research Based on System Dynamics Model
Authors: Guo Jingyi , Wang Junwu
Published: February 2021

Based on the theory of system dynamics, a system dynamics model regarding to housing price is constructed. The changes on housing price are simulated via Vensim DSS software, and the effectiveness of the model is verified. Policy regulation experiments are conducted from the prospective of population, land and taxation that are mostly concerned by the government. It can be concluded that the land policy and taxation policy are the main methods for regulation. It provides macro-direction for the government to manage the commercial housing market and control the price of commercial residential house, as well as corresponding decision basis for house purchasers and commercial housing developers in their purchasing and investing. It also provides a systematic prediction method for the comprehensive simulation system of the commercial housing market.
The Optimal Design Scheme of The Arch Bridge of The Double Happiness Island Based on Numerical Analysis
Authors: Biyu Bao , Pandao Li
Published: February 2021

The arch bridge of The Double Happiness Island of Zhangzhou is initially designed as a through steel box girder arch structure. The span layout of the bridge is 115m, the full width of the bridge is 23.3m, the arch rib is steel box section, and the main beam is steel box girder. In this paper, through the finite element analysis and calculation, the calculation results are compared with the national standards of the industry, and the optimized design scheme is proposed for the preliminary design of the bridge, so as to implement the construction drawing design and provide reference for similar projects.
Drivers and mitigation implications of carbon emissions from the direct energy consumption of Gansu’s construction industry
Authors: Xin Lele , Jia Junsong , Song Xu
Published: February 2021

More and more carbon emissions (CE) were produced and arose from the direct energy consumption in Gansu’s construction industry. So, we first computed the CE of Gansu’s construction industry during 2000-2017 in this paper, and then used the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) model to decompose the driving factors of CE. The results showed that: (1) the CE of Gansu’s construction industry increased from 95.44 × 104 t in 2000 to 127.84 × 104 t in 2017, with the annual growth amount of 1.91 × 104 t and rate of 2%, respectively. (2) The economic development level effect was the dominant driver to promote the CE of Gansu’s construction industry followed by the employment population effect, with the contributions of 100.61 × 104 t and 44.03 × 104 t. However, the energy intensity effect played the most primary role in inhibiting the CE growth, which followed by the energy structure effect, with the contributions of -107.25 × 104 t and -4.99 × 104 t, respectively. Based on the above conclusions, some mitigation implications for the low-carbon development of Gansu’s construction industry were put forward.
Viscoelastic inhomogeneous beams under step loading: a longitudinal fracture analysis
Authors: Rizov V I
Published: February 2021

The present paper describes a longitudinal fracture analysis of an inhomogeneous vscoelastic cantilever beam under step loading. The beam exhibits continuous material inhomogeneity along its thickness, width and length. The creep behaviour is treated by using a linear viscoelastic model. The beam is loaded by a bending moment applied in steps at the free end of the lower crack arm. The time-dependent longitudinal fracture behaviour is studied in terms of the strain energy release rare. For this purpose, a methodology for deriving the time-dependent strain energy release rate with taking into account the creep behaviour under step loading is developed by using the compliance of the beam. A time-dependent solution to the strain energy release rate under step loading is derived also by considering the strain energy cumulated in the beam structure for verification. The change of the strain energy release rate with the time due to creep under step loading is investigated by applying the methodology developed. The effects of the location and length of the crack and the continuous material inhomogeneity on the time-dependent strain energy release rate are analyzed.
Development of floral textile patterns on the base of the golden and Fibonacci geometry
Authors: Ilieva Julieta
Published: February 2021

The application of the golden and Fibonacci geometry in art, architecture and design is one of the ways for creating of aesthetic and beautiful forms. Usually with the help of the elements of the golden and Fibonacci geometry geometrical patterns are designed. The development of floral patterns for textile design on the base of the creations from the golden and Fibonacci geometry is the aim of the presented paper. The golden and Fibonacci geometry symbolism of aesthetic and beauty is applied in design of floral textile patterns, as the most used golden and Fibonacci forms are the golden spiral, Fibonacci spiral, Flower of Life, the golden circles spiral, Fibonacci circles spiral. The patterns are developed in suitable colors decisions, chosen on the base on the analogues with flowers in the nature, the symbolism and influence of the lines, forms and colors, and results of the study of the consumers opinions with correspondence analysis.
Developing an augmented reality textbook for Bachelor and Master programmes “Design, technology and management of the fashion industry”
Authors: Borisova Tanya , Stoykova Vanya , Kazlacheva Zlatina , Videnov Krum
Published: February 2021

Augmented reality is a modern technology that can be used in universities, providing conditions for learning in an interactive virtual environment and achieving a high level of visualization through the means preferred by today’s digital students. AR creates conditions for easier and more accessible studying of the taught material, acquiring more knowledge in a short time, developing creative thinking of the students. AR application can increase the quality of education. In the engineering disciplines is of great importance to view the studied objects from all sides. Instead of multiple 2D images, in the textbooks could be used markers for generating AR with an interactive 3D models, providing full visualization. Students can use their mobile devices for 3D visualization of the considered objects, which makes AR easily accessible. The aim of the research is to develop topics from a textbook on “Design and modelling of women’s dresses in different silhouettes” for students majoring in “Design, technology and management of the fashion industry” using augmented reality (AR).
Training in Programming using Innovative Means
Authors: Shivacheva G I , Ruseva N R
Published: February 2021

Training in programming, related to studying algorithms, is challenging for the lecturers. The aim of this paper is to offer options about how to use innovative means in programming by presenting their specifics and to suggest how to limit some of the disadvantages. During synchronous learning, whether conducted in a computer room or online in a virtual classroom, the three standard ways of presenting algorithms can be applied as creating a flowchart for a specific algorithm with Flowgorithm is presented dynamically rather than as a static image, as on the site. With the introduction of Accumulative frame models in programming training, it can be described verbally through a list of invariant frames, which is recommended to be used in the study of algorithms that consist of more than one basic algorithms. This is a fourth way of presenting algorithms, which can be in the form of a table.
Reconstruction, processing and smoothing of surface geometry of a patient specific ascending aortic aneurysm
Authors: Manopoulos C , Raptis A , Krishan W , Mavratzas C , Drandakis M , Astraka S , Kouerinis I , Vaxevanidis N M
Published: February 2021

This work presents the creation of geometric surface models representing the heart chambers and the aorta for two patient specific cases. The first one concerns an acute ascending aortic aneurysm in the anterior Valsalva sinus and the second one a normal aorta for comparison reasons. The surface modelling was implemented in a medical image reconstruction software (Materialise Mimics), based on the computed tomography scans of the patients. For each case, the two atriums and ventricles, the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta, the pulmonary artery and the superior vena cava were also reconstructed and modelled. Special attention is given to the morphology of the vessels and the heart chambers that are in contact with the ascending aortic aneurysm, due to the acute aneurysmal extension of the Valsalva sinus. A comparison of the non-aneurysmal and the aneurysmal models is necessary to infer whether this disease affects the geometries and/or other vital organs that come in contact with the aortic aneurysm. Special care is given to the surfaces’ smoothing process to preserve the morphology of the structures, avoiding any deviations from the actual geometries of the corresponding vessels and heart chambers.
Comparative study of different electric vehicle configurations in terms of energy consumption
Authors: Rențea C , Bățăuș M , Maican S , Oprean M , Frățilă G
Published: February 2021

In order to respect the new fleet-wide average emission regulations, recent studies show that car manufacturers produce an increased number of electric vehicles.

For improving the dynamic performances of an electric vehicle while maintaining a low energy consumption, different solutions are used, such as the multi-speed transmission, or the continuously variable transmission (CVT). Another solution more advantageous than other EV typologies consists of a dual motor two speed direct drive, that implies each motor being connected with the final drive through a separate gear. The aim of this paper is to analyse the energy consumption and the overall transmission performance in different test cycles for a middle class with different configurations. The study was carried out by developing a model in a performant simulation environment. The obtained simulation results from the chosen configuration are compared in different test cycles in terms of energy consumption ratio (ECR) and vehicle speed fluctuation (VSF) with the ones from a direct drive EV and a two-gear transmission EV.
Entropy-parametric control of stochastic system
Authors: Polosin V G
Published: February 2021

The paper contains material about controlled methods of stochastic systems. The article considers the features of establishing control over a stochastic system, which are found when using parametric and informational criteria. It is proposed to use the potential of the Renyi entropy when building control over a complex multilevel system. The possibility of combining entropy and parametric criteria to increase the stability of control over the system is discussed.
Control and management of the operating modes of batteries with the use of magnetic modulation converters
Authors: Ataullayev N , Ataullayev A , Karimtoshovich S M
Published: February 2021

On the proposed DCMC based on magneto transistor multivibrators with PWM in self-contained power supplies with buffer storage batteries for rated currents significantly exceeding the current value and will require some complication of the circuit of its prototype. The proposed DC / DC measuring transducer achieves exactly the same result as in its prototype, but only without the participation of the trigger and divider in the circuit. The exclusion of the trigger and divider elements from the circuit of the proposed device simplifies its design and increases its elemental reliability.
Methods for improving accuracy in measuring deviations from roundness and cylindricity
Authors: Barbashov N N , Chetvernin M Y
Published: February 2021

The problem of improving the technical level and quality of industrial products is now one of the most important tasks. The performance of machining workstation, machines and instruments depends on the quality of production of parts and assemblies and the accuracy of their connections. Precision parameters play a special role in machine tool construction and instrumental production of parts for the aerospace industry. In machines, the value of the torque transmitted by the spindle of the metal cutting machine to the tool, the durability of roller conical bearings, as well as the tightness of connections, the strength of press fits, the correctness of centering on conical surfaces, the accuracy of kinematic pairs and circuits, especially in the spindles of precision CNC machines, which significantly affects the quality of the manufactured products.
Analysis of almost-periodic and almost-proportional characteristics of a representative sample local minima time series
Authors: Paramonov A A , Kuzmin V I , Dzerjinsky R I
Published: February 2021

The methods’ problem for analyzing nonlinear oscillations is now a general scientific and fundamental one, especially in the information systems field with a data large amount. In this paper, the analysis is carried out on an exchange data test example to identify hidden connections, general patterns, trends and fluctuations. Based on the analysis results, it is expected to reveal the desired ergodic dependence, as well as the data behaviour distinctive features in the almost-periods and near-proportions identified areas.
Multifunctional anemometric microsystem based on silicon carbide
Authors: Evstigneev D A , Karachinov V A , Karachinov D V
Published: February 2021

The results of optical methods for diagnostics of hot gas flows from an image are presented, taking into account the features of TV diagnostics of hot gas flows. The design of the SIC - universal anemometric Microsystem (UAMS) was proposed and investigated, and mathematical and thermal models of the pendulum - Microsystem were presented. A series of calculations and simulations were performed to estimate the degree of influence of temperature, gas flow velocity, and spatial orientation of the probe on the temperature field in it. It is shown that according to the conducted research, the gas flow rate has a very weak effect on the temperature distribution in the selected directions in the pendulum - Microsystem. For example, when the pendulum was longitudinally blown with air, the maximum temperature difference did not exceed 0.1 K. This indicates a high stability of the characteristics of the pendulum-SIC Microsystem.
The pragmatism of applied temperature analysis to determine the rolling parameters under thermal exposure
Authors: Agafonova D V , Mikheev V A , Doroshko G P
Published: February 2021

The main trend in the development of space materials is the creation of such aluminum alloys, which have a perfect set of characteristics and are capable of providing high performance characteristics of aerospace assemblies. The main direction of the scientific research is the pragmatism of the theory of temperature analysis for determining the parameters of rolling of an aluminum alloy by bringing to a discrete state during isothermal heating. Then it becomes possible to assess the response of the sample material to a change in the temperature of both the internal distribution and the establishment of regularities of materials. Analysis of the kinetic curves and scanning results is performed sequentially, inseparably from each other, obtaining a vivid picture of internal changes in the sample when the external temperature changes.
Adaptive interference compensation method
Authors: Samoylov A G , Samoylov S A , Nasir S A X , Al Tahar I A
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the method of adaptive compensation of interference to information transmission systems using space-time coding technology. When such systems use two or more antennas for transmitting information and the same number of antennas for receiving, it becomes possible to compensate for interference signals. The investigated compensation method is based on the introduction of adaptive filters into each of the input channels of the information transmission system. Adaptive filters are tuned to the process of the mixture of the useful signal and interference so that after the processing the sum of the interference components at the output of the compensator is minimized, and the useful signal does not deteriorate on average. The expressions that determine the algorithm of the adaptive noise compensator are given. The compensator for interference signals coming from a powerful airfield radar was built for the ground radio relay communication system with double antenna spacing. It has been shown experimentally that the compensator suppresses radio impulse interference from 30 to 40 decibels in different frequency channels of the microwave link.
Neuroevolution of augmented topologies with difference-based mutation
Authors: Stanovov V , Akhmedova Sh , Semenkin E
Published: February 2021

This study proposes the modification of the neuroevolution of augmented topologies, namely the difference-based mutation operator. The difference-based mutation changes the weights of the neural network by combining the weights of several other networks at the position of the connections having same innovation numbers. The implemented neuroevolution algorithm allows backward connections and loops in the topology, and uses several mutation operators, including connections deletion. The algorithm is tested on a set of classification problems and a rotary inverted pendulum problem and compared to the same approach without difference-based mutation. The experimental results show that the proposed weight tuning scheme allows significant improvements of classification quality in several cases and finding better control algorithms.
Hybrid approach to the dynamic systems identification based on the self-configuring genetic programming algorithm and the differential evolution method
Authors: Karaseva T S , Semenkina O E
Published: February 2021

This paper considers a hybrid approach to the identification of dynamical systems based on a self-configuring genetic programming algorithm and a differential evolution method. The value of this approach is in the automatic determination of the order, structure and parameters of differential equation, i.e., a model of a dynamic system. The application of the differential evolution method can significantly increase the accuracy of the resulting model confirmed by the results of the experiments presented in this paper.
Neural network data processing for financial insolvency fore-casting of the water supply enterprises
Authors: Krylov G O , Vorobeva A S , Nikolaeva M V
Published: February 2021

This work is devoted to creation of neural network methods with the increased stability and reliability for bankruptcy forecasting. In this paper, we investigate the performance of four different neural network (NN) methods for bankruptcy prediction of the resource provisioning system enterprises. Two methods based on NN-ensembles of classifiers (boosting-ensembles and bagging-ensembles) and another two tested methods are stand-alone classifiers (multilayer perceptron (MLP) and network of radial basic functions). We defined that bagging-ensembles of neural networks have advantage in comparison with classical - stand-alone classifiers. Developed bagging-ensemble of neural networks is currently used to the sphere of financial monitoring for identification of signs of financial insolvency of the water supply enterprises and assessment of risk of social tension in regions.
The use of information technologies in diagnosing heat exchangers of transportation equipment in operation
Authors: Poslavsky A P , Sorokin V V , Khludenev A V , Tokareva M A , Fadeev A A
Published: February 2021

The problems of determining the technical condition of transport equipment heat exchangers in operation are considered. A method is proposed enabling to diagnose radiators with simulated heat load at a specialized stand, which allows determining the current value of the most important characteristic of a heat exchanger - heat transfer, which characterizes the degree of operability of heat transfer surfaces in specific operating conditions.
The LoRaWAN link budget for UWB anchors data management
Authors: Krasnov T V , Sharshavin P V , Baturin T N , Kudinov D S , Tokarev R I
Published: February 2021

Ultra-wideband positioning systems are widely used in such safety-critical industries as underground mining, open pit mining, metallurgy and others. The network of UWB anchors becomes large due to harsh industrial environment, making deployment time-consuming. In order to collect range measurement data and transmit it to the management server it is proposed to use the LoRa technology, allowing the UWB anchors be wireless and delivering robust deployment of the integrated system.
Analysis and application of engineering data in the STEP file format
Authors: Razumowsky A I
Published: February 2021

The method for encoding graphic data using the STEP standard was considered. This standard allows you to describe the full life cycle of a product from design to quality control. The possibilities have been investigated for transmission and transformation of STEP data. The order was analyzed for storage and synthesis of data based on dividing a software graph into subgraphs of local algorithms. There was an algorithm developed for syntactic analysis of STEP file format data, and software implemented for displaying graphic information, which allows you to control 3D visualization of machine-building parts.
Design and process features of CMOS SOI transistors with increased tolerance to the total dose
Authors: Lagaev D A , Klyuchnikov A S , Shelepin N A
Published: February 2021

The paper considers methods to improve integrated circuits’ tolerance based on the SOI CMOS technology to total dose radiation. The main effects that occur in SOI CMOS transistors as a result of radiation response with the VLSI are discussed. The final part of the work demonstrated the main methods that make it possible to increase the radiation hardness of ICs based on the SOI CMOS technology. The advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be discussed. The prospects for developing microelectronics products with increased tolerance to external influences will be analyzed under constant process node scaling.
Application of the flicker noise filtering algorithm by changing the modulation frequency in an acousto-optic spectrum analyzer
Authors: Tryapitsyn V L , Kruglov S K
Published: February 2021

The article discusses the noise characteristics of the system for collecting data and processing spectral signals in an ozonometer. Low-frequency flicker noise introduces significant distortions into the useful signal path. In order to reduce low-frequency flicker noise, a method was developed based on the use of modulation of the useful signal at the output of the acousto-optic spectrum analyzer with a certain frequency. This method creates an artificial filter. The choice of the modulation frequency determines the frequency response of this filter. It is necessary to choose it such that the maximum signal attenuation is in the low frequency region, where the influence of flicker noise is strong. In this work, a noise signal was simulated using the Matlab environment and its filtering by changing the modulation frequency of the synthesized signal.
A method for measuring electromagnetic and geometric parameters of thin films
Authors: Skvortsov B V , Zhivonosnovskaya D M
Published: February 2021

We propose for a method of non-contact real-time measuring of electrical conductivity, permittivity and permeability of materials by probing the surface being measured with a pulsed or continuous signal, as well as theoretical foundation of the above method. An example of the engineering implementation of a device providing for measuring using both types of probing signals is described. We consider the errors of the developed methods emerging in the process of solving the system of nonlinear equations, as well as the ways to improve measuring accuracy. A comparative study of the types of probing signals demonstrated that a pulse signal type is the most versatile, as it is possible to optimize the measuring process by adjusting the pulse’s shape and duration. However, processing of a reflected pulse signal requires more computational power when compared a continuous probe signal.
Development of a personal identification technique for automation systems
Authors: Chastikova V A , Zherlitsyn S A , Volya Y I
Published: February 2021

The given article considers the development of a personal identification technique based on the mechanism of scanning and analyzing such biometric parameter as a vein pattern of the palm for automation access control systems. A number of problems characteristic of the existing approaches to solving the given problem have been formulated and the operation analysis of the main ones has been carried out. A mechanism for reading a vein pattern of the palm, as well as three methods for further analysis of the referred biometrics and personal identification: a method based on a categorical classification, a method based on a binary classification, and a combined method have been developed. The resulting architecture of the neural network for the categorical classification of the vein pattern has been built and a method for calculating the number of the model parameters depending on the number of the registered subjects has been obtained. Based on the results of the research, experimental measurements of the system operation accuracy have been made while implementing the mentioned methods. The system based on a binary classification has demonstrated the highest accuracy; however applying a combined approach allows improving the obtained result.
Interference immunity in channels with random phase and fading when using orthogonal coding and frequency modulation
Authors: Rabin A V
Published: February 2021

In digital data transmission systems, it is proposed to use additional orthogonal coding along with error-correcting coding. The combined use of both types of coding can provide significant energy gains compared to using only error-correcting codes. Orthogonal coding is analogous to convolutional coding over the field of rational numbers, allows to provide the required transmission quality at lower energy costs. The energy gain in the signal-to-noise ratio, obtained through more efficient use of the energy of the transmitted signals, is achieved without increasing the complexity of the transmitting and receiving devices. Encoding and decoding devices that implement orthogonal encoding and decoding operations can be used to ensure information security in communication systems.
Laser wavelengths selection for remote monitoring of propane leaks
Authors: Fedotov Yu V , Belov M L , Titarenko K S , Gorodnichev V A
Published: February 2021

Absorption spectra of propane and main atmospheric gases have been analysed in the spectral band around 3.3 µm. It has been shown that a pair of the sensing wavelengths, namely 3.370 µm (that corresponds to the maximum of propane absorption) and 3.570 µm, is appropriate, but this is not the best option. In terms of minimising measurement errors of propane concentration a pair of 3.465 µm and 3.569 µm wavelengths is optimal. The relative concentration errors of propane for this pair of the wavelengths are appreciably less.
Study of efficiency of application of locally reinforced fitting units with stiffening ribs
Authors: Fairushin A M , Tokarev A S , Karetnikov D V , Zaripov M Z
Published: February 2021

In this work, one of the main methods of strengthening the hole in the apparatus is considered - strengthening with overhead rings, the advantages and disadvantages of using reinforcing rings are indicated. An analysis of the main methods of strengthening the openings of pressure vessels and devices shows that the difficulties in designing and installing the reinforcing rings are in the technology of assembly, detection of weld defects and detection of the local location of this defect. The work shows the possibilities of using locally rib-reinforced nozzle assemblies, which in some cases can serve as an alternative to reinforcing rings, and are also more technological in manufacture, repair and control. Calculations show that the use of two stiffening ribs oriented along the generatrix of the shell to strengthen the hole allows reducing stresses in the area of welding of the nozzle to the body of the apparatus under static load. Practical experiments carried out at the same time showed that in conditions of dynamic loading, it is categorically not recommended to use the strengthening of the nozzle with local stiffening ribs oriented along the generatrix of the shell.
Prospects for using combined low-power fluidized bed installations for heat supply of departmental and municipal facilities
Authors: Bondarev A V , Sarkisov S V , Aleksandrov S V , Pashkin S B , Vakunenkov V A
Published: February 2021

The article presents the scheme and principle of operation of a combined fluidized bed unit with re-utilization of heat from exhaust gases of a diesel generator and indicates the requirements for the functioning and operation of these types of installations. It presents theoretical and experimental graphs of the required volumes of air replacement with diesel exhaust gases in nominal and fractional modes, fuel economy, transients of changes in the fluidized bed temperature from time to time when various disturbing effects are applied.