bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of the method for evaluating protective effect of food factors on THP‐1‐induced damage to human intestinal Caco‐2 monolayers
Authors: Watanabe Fumiko , Satsu Hideo , Mochizuki Tetsunosuke , Nakano Tomoko , Shimizu Makoto
Published: December 2008

Immune cells located in the intestinal epithelium interact with intestinal epithelial cells via soluble factors. In this study, a new in vitro model using a coculture system was constructed to analyze the interaction between intestinal epithelial cells and macrophage‐like cells. Human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cells were differentiated on semipermeable membranes. Human monocytic THP‐1 cells were differentiated to macrophage‐like cells and then cocultured on the basolateral side of the Caco‐2 cell monolayers. By coculturing for 48 hours, an increased release of lactate dehydrogenase from the Caco‐2 cells and a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance of the monolayers were observed, suggesting that the coculture with THP‐1 induced some disruption of the Caco‐2 cells. This disruption was significantly suppressed by adding the anti‐TNF‐α antibody to the medium, suggesting that TNF‐α secreted from THP‐1 caused damage to the Caco‐2 cells. It is also suggested that this phenomenon is similar to that observed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The effects of food factors on the cells in this coculture system were examined. The disruption of the Caco‐2 cell monolayers was significantly reduced by adding caffeine to the medium on the apical side. It is hoped that this coculture system will be a good model for the treatment of IBD.
Chemoprotective effect of diallyl trisulfide from garlic against carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury of rats
Authors: Fukao Tomomi , Hosono Takashi , Misawa Satomi , Seki Taiichiro , Ariga Toyohiko
Published: December 2008

Diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are principal constituents of garlic oil. We studied the effect of these sulfides on the phase II drug‐metabolizing enzymes, and on the rat model of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). A highly purified form of each sulfide (more than 99% purity) was administered i.p. to rats at a concentration of 10 or 100 μmol/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. DATS (10 μmol/kg) and DADS at a 10‐fold higher dose (100 μmol/kg) significantly increased the activities of glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and quinone reductase (QR); whereas DAS did not. In the CCl4‐induced acute liver injury model of rats, DATS (10 μmol/kg) significantly suppressed the increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. In conclusion, hepatic phase II enzymes were induced strongly by the trisulfide and weakly by the disulfide, but not by DAS. DATS significantly reduced the liver injury caused by CCl4. DATS may be one of the important factors in garlic oil that protects our body against the injury caused by radical molecules.
The antioxidative function, preventive action on disease and utilization of proanthocyanidins
Authors: Ariga Toshiaki
Published: December 2008

Proanthocyanidins, which belong to a class of polyphenols, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. Most people ingest trace amounts of proanthocyanidins through foods such as red wine and cranberry juice. However, the functional properties of proanthocyanidins have been little understood. Since 1983, we have studied the antioxidative functions, preventive actions on diseases and utilization of proanthocyanidins. The antioxidative activities of proanthocyanidins were found to be much stronger than vitamin C or vitamin E in aqueous systems. The mechanisms for their antioxidative actions were shown to involve radical scavenging, quenching, and enzyme‐inhibiting actions. The preventive actions of proanthcyanidins on diseases relating to reactive oxygen species was examined using animal tests. Proanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract was showed to have preventive actions on diseases such as atherosclerosis, gastric ulcer, large bowel cancer, cataracts and diabetes. In human intervention trials, grape seed extract was shown to have preventive effects on the increase in lipid peroxides in human plasma after exercise and on muscle fatigue after training. The uses and manufacturing techniques of proanthocyanidin products were subsequently developed. The products were launched as antioxidants in food additives, ingredients in nutritional supplements, and cosmetics.
Effect of carotenoids and ascorbic acid of Japanese persimmons on cellular lipid peroxidation in HepG2 cells
Authors: Hosotani Keisuke , Kawahata Atsushi , Koyama Kanako , Murakami Chikako , Yoshida Hiromi , Yamaji Ryoichi , Inui Hiroshi , Nakano Yoshihisa
Published: December 2008

In this experiment, we examine the functional property of carotenoids; β‐cryptoxanthin (Cry), zeaxanthin (Zea), β‐carotene (Car)) and ascorbic acid (AsA). The accumulation amounts of Cry, Zea and Car in HepG2 cells cultured in the high concentration medium were larger than that in a low concentration. Further those accumulation amounts in long incubation time within 24∼hours were greater than that in a shorter time. When the added carotenoid concentration, with or without hydrogen peroxide, increased from 0 to 5 μM in the culture medium, the thiobarbituric acid reaction substance (TBARS) values in the HepG2 cells decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The decrease of TBARS values shows the antioxidative property of the carotenoids. When AsA and Tocopherol(Toc) were added to the medium from 0 to 20 μM, the TBARS values, with or without hydrogen peroxide, decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of AsA and Toc respectively (p < 0.05). The decreased amount of TBARS in 5 μM Cry compared with control(0 μM) was the largest among 6 antioxidants (Cry, Car, Zea, Retinol(Ret), AsA, Toc) used in this experiment.
Sprouts as antioxidant food resources and young people's taste for them
Authors: Moriyama Michie , Oba Kazuko
Published: December 2008

To assist our choice of sprouts as healthy foodstuffs, we examined and compared the antioxidant activities of various sprouts. Most sprouts contained higher amounts of vitamin C, polyphenol and DPPH radical‐scavenging activity than their mature vegetables. As food materials, young college students preferred sprouts to mature vegetables in case of vegetables whose mature forms are unfamiliar at market. Antioxidant activity of “Toumyo” sprout was highest at the 5th day after germination. Cotyledon and young root of “Toumyo” sprout, though they are usually discarded at kitchen, showed high antioxidant activities. A sensory evaluation by young college students suggested that the cotyledon could be served as meal if it is fried after boiled.
Changes in the radical‐scavenging activity of sliced red and green cabbages during storage
Authors: Myojin Chiho , Yamaguchi Tomoko , Takamura Hitoshi , Matoba Teruyoshi
Published: December 2008

Vegetables are rich source of antioxidative components such as ascorbic acid and polyphenols, which scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species and prevent life‐style related diseases. In this work, the changes of radical‐scavenging activity in shredded red and green cabbage leaves during storage were determined as well as ascorbic acid and polyphenol contents.

Shredded cabbage leaves were stored at 10°C for 7 days in the presence or absence of oxygen. Radical‐scavenging activity, ascorbic acid content, and polyphenol content of shredded cabbage leaves remained for 7 days in the presence and absence of oxygen. These results demonstrate that the radical‐scavenging activity, ascorbic acid, and polyphenols are stable in shredded cabbage leaves and that oxygen does not affect the activity and active components.
Antioxidant properties of prunes (Prunus domestica L.) and their constituents
Authors: Kayano Shin‐Ichi , Kikuzaki Hiroe , Yamada Naoko Fukutsuka , Aoki Asuka , Kasamatsu Kumi , Yamasaki Yuka , Ikami Takao , Suzuki Tomoo , Mitani Takahiko , Nakatani Nobuji
Published: December 2008

Prunes contain large amounts of phenolics and show high antioxidant activity. The aim of this study is to clarify the contents of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, and to estimate the contribution of these isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes. Furthermore, structural elucidation and evaluation of antioxidant activity of prune components were also performed. CQA isomers in prunes were quantified by HPLC analysis, and it has become apparent that prunes contain relatively high amount of 4‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid. The contribution of CQA isomers to the antioxidant activity of prunes was revealed to be 28.4% on the basis of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC); hence, it was indicated that residual ORAC is dependent on unknown antioxidant components. Total 28 compounds were isolated and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. Four abscisic acid related compounds, a chromanon, and a bipyrrole were novel. Each CQA isomer in prunes showed high antioxidant activities when measured by the oil stability index (OSI) method, O2‐ scavenging activity, and ORAC. Other isolated compounds such as hydroxycinnamic acids, benzoic acids, coumarins, lignans, and flavonoid showed high ORAC values. Furthermore, a novel chromanon indicated a remarkable synergistic effect on ORAC of CQA isomers.
Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts as affected by in vitro digestion
Authors: Liyanapathirana Chandrika , Shahidi Fereidoon
Published: December 2008

Phenolic compounds from soft wheat and its milling fractions were extracted and their in vitro antioxidant activity evaluated. Non‐hydrolyzed extracts were prepared by extracting phenolics into distilled deionized water. To make hydrolyzed extracts samples were first subjected to pH adjustments in order to simulate gastrointestinal pH conditions. Total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using Folin‐Ciocalteu's procedure. Total antioxidant activity (TAA) was determined using Trolox equivalents antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay and expressed as Trolox equivalents (TE). Antioxidant activity of wheat extracts was determined using the procedures of inhibition of β‐carotene bleaching, scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibition of oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. The TPC and TAA of wheat extracts tested were significantly increased following hydrolysis. Similarly, the antioxidant activity, as determined by different proced ures, was considerably increased when the samples were subjected to simulated digestion conditions.
Effect of green tea catechins on oxidative DNA damage of hamster pancreas and liver induced by N‐Nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine and/or oxidized soybean oil
Authors: Takabayashi Fumiyo , Tahara Shoichi , Kaneko Takao , Harada Noboru
Published: December 2008

It has been indicated that high fat diet is a risk factor of the pancreatic cancer by epidemiological studies. We examined whether the oxidized soybean oil (ox‐oil) express the synergistic effect on the formation of 8‐ox O2−'‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxodG) in nuclear DNA of hamster pancreas induced by N‐Nitrosobis(2‐oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and whether the green tea catechins (GTC) suppressed it. Ox‐oil was prepared by air oxidation, and the content of lipid hydroperoxide was 6.22 mg/ml. Hamsters were administered 0.3∼ml of ox‐oil/day orally for 4 weeks before BOP treatment. GTC was given ad libitum as a 0.1% aqueous solution. Four hours after subcutaneous administration of BOP, hamsters were sacrificed, and the contents of 8‐oxodG were measured in nuclear DNA of pancreas and liver. The 8‐oxodG content in the pancreas was increased by BOP and/or ox‐oil administration. However, it was not suppressed by an intake of GTC. In the liver, though the content of 8‐oxodG was increased by ox‐oil, it tended to suppress the rise of 8‐oxodG by a GTC intake. These results suggested that the long term intake of ox‐oil might have the possibility to induce carcinogenesis in hamster pancreas and liver, and an intake of GTC might have the beneficial effect on liver.
Assessment system for dioxin absorption in the small intestine and prevention of its absorption by food factors
Authors: Natsume Yayoi , Satsu Hideo , Kitamura Kazushige , Okamoto Naoto , Shimizu Makoto
Published: December 2008

It has been reported that 90% of the amount of dioxin in the whole body is absorbed orally with food. However, a concise and simple system to assess dioxin absorption in the small intestine has not yet been established. The present study reports a new in vitro assessment system for this purpose. A stable dioxin‐responsive cell line was established by introducing a plasmid that incorporates a xenobiotic‐responsive element upstream of the luciferase gene into human hepatic HepG2 genomic DNA. Dioxin was added to the apical side of differentiated human intestinal epithelial Caco‐2 cell monolayers that had been cultured on a semipermeable membrane, and the basal medium was recovered after an appropriate incubation time. To the recovered medium was added dioxin‐responsive HepG2, and a luciferase assay was performed. The established stable cell line clearly showed dose‐and time‐dependent response to dioxin. When a food factor such as chlorophyll, which has been reported to increase dioxin excretion in in vivo studies, was added with dioxin, a significant decrease in dioxin permeability to the Caco‐2 monolayer was observed. This assessment system would be useful to search for those food factors that could prevent dioxin absorption in the small intestine.
Tea catechin, epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate suppresses myosin II regulatory light chain phosphorylation
Authors: Umeda Daisuke , Tachibana Hirofumi , Yamada Koji
Published: December 2008

Phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (MRLC) is critical event for many cellular processes including muscle contraction, mytosis, migration, and exocytosis. Epigallocatechin‐3‐O‐gallate (EGCG) is a major polyphenolic compound of green tea and has various physiological functions. We found that EGCG disrupted stress fibers and suppressed the MRLC phosphorylation in HeLa cells. To elucidate the mechanism for the suppressive effect on the phosphorylation, we examined the effect of various inhibitors for kinases that modulate MRLC phosphorylation. None of the inhibitors mimic the activity of EGCG. These results suggest that EGCG is a compound that can suppress MRLC phosphorylation.
Effect of lectins on the transport of food ingredients in Caco‐2 cell cultures
Authors: Ohno Y. , Naganuma T. , Ogawa T. , Muramoto K.
Published: December 2008

We investigated the effect of several lectins, such as soy bean lectin (SBA), concanavalin A (Con A), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), on the transport of some food ingredients (isoflavones, quercetin glycosides, carnosine/anserine) across Caco‐2 cell monolayers. After incubation of food ingredients (0.03∼2 mmol/L) in the presence or absence of lectins (1∼180 μ/ml) on the apical side, aliquots were taken from the apical and basolateral solution, and were subjected to HPLC analysis. We also examined the effect of lectins on the permeability of the tight junction by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) value of the Caco‐2 cell monolayer. Isoflavones, which was not transported to the basolateral solution without lectins, could be transported in the presence of lectins, whereas their aglycones were detected at the same levels with or without the lectin treatment. The transport of quercetin glycosides also increased in the presence of lectins, however, that of peptides was not affected by the lectins. Con A and WGA, but SBA, decreased the TER value, indicating that Con A and WGA increased the transport via paracellular pathway, whereas SBA did via a different pathway.
Microbial reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene to ethene with electrodes serving as electron donors without the external addition of redox mediators
Authors: Aulenta Federico , Canosa Andrea , Reale Priscilla , Rossetti Simona , Panero Stefania , Majone Mauro
Published: December 2008

In situ bioremediation of industrial chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethene (TCE), is typically accomplished by providing an organic electron donor to naturally occurring dechlorinating populations. In the present study, we show that TCE dechlorinating bacteria can access the electrons required for TCE dechlorination directly from a negatively polarized (−450 mV vs. SHE) carbon paper electrode. In replicated batch experiments, a mixed dechlorinating culture, also containing Dehalococcoides spp., dechlorinated TCE to cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE) and lower amounts of vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene using the polarized electrode as the sole electron donor. Conversely, neither VC nor ethene formation occurred when a pure culture of the electro‐active microorganism Geobacter lovleyi was used, under identical experimental conditions. Cyclic voltammetry tests, carried out on the filter‐sterilized supernatant of the mixed culture revealed the presence of a self‐produced redox mediator, exhibiting a midpoint potential of around −400 mV (vs. SHE). This yet unidentified redox‐active molecule appeared to be involved in the extracellular electron transfer from the electrode to the dechlorinating bacteria. The ability of dechlorinating bacteria to use electrodes as electron donors opens new perspectives for the development of clean, versatile, and efficient bioremediation systems based on a controlled subsurface delivery of electrons in support of biodegradative metabolisms and provides further evidence on the possibility of using conductive materials to manipulate and control a range of microbial bioprocesses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 85–91. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Sanchez‐Sotelo Joaquin
Published: December 2008

Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty designs have gained popularity over the last few years due to their satisfactory functional results in patients with cuff‐tear arthropathy and other difficult reconstructive shoulder problems. These semiconstrained prostheses improve stability and active elevation in the absence of a functional rotator cuff by coupling a spherical glenoid component with a concave humeral component and increasing deltoid tension. Understanding the anatomy of the shoulder is critical in order to ensure secure fixation of the glenoid component, explore uncemented options for humeral component fixation, and determine the ideal soft‐tissue tension to provide the best functional outcome without increasing the risk of complications. Key anatomic elements to be considered for the successful implantation of a reverse prosthesis include the orientation and size of the glenoid vault, the scapular regions with better bone stock (coracoid, spine of the scapula), the internal geometry of the humeral medullary canal, and the effects of reverse arthroplasty on the deltoid and brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 22:172–182, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiographic evaluation of frontal talar edge configuration for osteochondral plug transplantation
Authors: Leumann André , Wiewiorski Martin , Egelhof Thomas , Rasch Helmut , Magerkurth Olaf , Candrian Christian , Schaefer Dirk Johannes , Martin Ivan , Jakob Marcel , Valderrabano Victor
Published: December 2008

For successful reconstruction of osteochondral lesions of the talus, the anatomic configuration of the talar edge must be respected. This study evaluated the radiographic configuration of the talar edge in the anterior‐posterior (AP) view by analyzing medial and lateral talar edge angles and radii in 81 patients with a true AP view and without ankle pathology. The mean lateral talar edge angle was 91.8°, and the mean medial talar edge angle was 110.0°. The medial frontal talar edge radius was 4.8 mm and the lateral 3.5 mm, respectively. No correlation between angle and radius was found. These results revealed a significant difference between the medial and the lateral talar edge configuration. This may be due to the three‐dimensional function of the human ankle joint. No study so far has addressed these differences radiologically. These differences should be addressed in the reconstruction of osteochondral lesions and be included in the preoperative planning. Clin. Anat. 22:261–266, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The applied anatomy of anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery
Authors: Chen Li Hua , Huang Qun Wu , Wang Wen Jin , He Zheng Rui , Ding Wen Long
Published: December 2008

The anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery is one of the common approaches utilized in hip joint surgery. Here, we report the results of dissections in 60 sides of human adult cadavers. We observed and measured the branches of the superficial circumflex iliac artery, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, the lateral circumflex femoral artery, and the superior gluteal nerves in the experiment via the anterior approach for minimally invasive hip joint surgery. The relationship between these structures and the anterior approach was studied. The present study provides important data demonstrating the location, path of dominant structures that might be encountered during the surgery and their relationships with the surgical incision. These data may allow surgeons performing the anterior approach for hip joint surgery to minimize the risk of neurovascular injury. Clin. Anat. 22:250–255, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Pacidamycin Antibiotics Through Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis
Authors: Grüschow Sabine , Rackham Emma J. , Elkins Benjamin , Newill Philip L. A. , Hill Lionel M. , Goss Rebecca J. M.
Published: December 2008

Pacidamycins, mureidomycins and napsamycins are structurally related uridyl peptide antibiotics that inhibit translocase I, an as yet clinically unexploited target. This potentially important bioactivity coupled to the biosynthetically intriguing structure of pacidamycin make this natural product a fascinating subject for study. A precursor‐directed biosynthesis approach was employed in order to access new pacidamycin derivatives. Strikingly, the biosynthetic machinery exhibited highly relaxed substrate specificity with the majority of the tryptophan analogues that were administered; this resulted in the production of new pacidamycin derivatives. Remarkably, 2‐methyl‐, 7‐methyl‐, 7‐chloro‐ and 7‐bromotryptophans produced their corresponding pacidamycin analogues in larger amounts than the natural pacidamycin. Low levels or no incorporation was observed for tryptophans substituted at positions 4, 5 and 6. The ability to generate bromo‐ and chloropacidamycins opens up the possibility of further functionalising these compounds through chemical cross‐coupling in order to access a much larger family of derivatives.
Overview of foundational issues
Authors: Barr Jim , Schuetz Pam
Published: December 2008

Are community colleges as institutionally underprepared for underprepared students as these students are for college‐level work? Learning to listen to underprepared students is a strategy community colleges must embrace and explore at the institution level if there are to be any significant shifts in student outcomes.
Developing a theory‐driven model of community college student engagement
Authors: Schuetz Pam
Published: December 2008

This chapter describes development and testing of a new conceptual model of community college student engagement that can be used to guide and strengthen institutional leverage over student outcomes.
Information networks and integration: Institutional influences on experiences and persistence of beginning students
Authors: Karp Melinda Mechur , Hughes Katherine L.
Published: December 2008

This chapter explores the ways that information networks are related to student persistence in the community college and how institutional structures can encourage such networks.
The California basic skills initiative
Authors: Illowsky Barbara
Published: December 2008

This chapter describes the evolution and implementation of the California Basic Skills Initiative, one of the most sweeping initiatives to address the needs of students in California community college history.
Transmuting resistance to change
Authors: Schuetz Pam , Barr Jim
Published: December 2008

Correlating characteristics of underprepared students with undesirable outcomes is a popular but ineffective attempt to meet challenges posed by increasing student diversity and pressures for institutional accountability. This volume highlights how campus environments—the rules, practices, facilities, and climates of community colleges—might be sculpted to better foster student success.
Prognosis of patients suffering an acute coronary syndrome while already under chronic clopidogrel therapy
Authors: Bonello Laurent , De Labriolle Axel , Lemesle Gilles , Steinberg Daniel H. , Roy Probal , Torguson Rebecca , Suddath William O. , Satler Lowell F. , Kent Kenneth M. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron
Published: December 2008

Objective:

To assess the prognosis of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) despite chronic clopidogrel therapy (CCT).

Background:

CCT has been shown to be beneficial in decreasing the frequency of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients after an ACS or drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. Some patients, however, still suffer thrombotic events while on CCT. The outcome of this particular subgroup of patients is unknown.

Methods:

A cohort of 1,281 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for an ACS was studied. They were divided according to their treatment prior to the ACS. The CCT group was composed of all patients who had been taking clopidogrel for ≥30 days before the onset of the ACS (n = 175) and the no CCT group of all patients not on clopidogrel before the ACS (n = 1,106). Rates of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction at 6 months' follow‐up were compared.

Results:

Patients in the CCT group were older (66 ± 11 vs. 63 ± 13; P< 0.001), and more often diabetic (46.8 vs. 31.9%; P < 0.01). In‐hospital outcomes were similar, including the rate of death and myocardial infarction (no CCT vs. CCT group: 4.2 vs. 2.3%; P = 0.2). At 6 months, patients already taking clopidogrel before the ACS had a higher rate of MACE than patients who were not (18.3 vs. 11.8%; P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, CCT before the ACS was associated with a hazard ratio of 1.7 for MACE.

Conclusion:

This study suggests that patients suffering an ACS while under on CCT have a poor long‐term prognosis, which could be linked to clopidogrel low‐response. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility, safety, and early outcomes of direct carotid artery stent implantation with use of the FilterWire EZ™ Embolic Protection System
Authors: Veselka Josef , Černá Daniela , Zimolová Petra , Martinkovičová Lucie , Fiedler Jiří , Hájek Petr , Malý Martin , Zemánek David , Duchoňová Radka
Published: December 2008

Objectives:

To report on early outcomes of prospective single‐center registry, which evaluated feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of direct carotid stenting using FilterWire EZ™ Embolic Protection System in high‐risk patients.

Background:

Little is known about the use of direct carotid stenting with FilterWire EZ™ Embolic Protection System and different carotid stents.

Methods:

Between September 2005 and August 2008, 176 consecutive patients (70 ± 9 years, 36% symptomatic, 89% at high risk) underwent 214 direct carotid artery stenting procedures with FilterWire EZ™ Embolic Protection System and different carotid stents. This study included both symptomatic (≥50% carotid artery stenosis) as well as asymptomatic (≥70% carotid artery stenosis) patients. The primary endpoint was the rate of 30‐day adverse events, defined as neurological death, stroke, or myocardial infarction.

Results:

We implanted 218 stents (55% with closed cell design) in 214 procedures. The technical success rate of direct stenting was 96%. Carotid artery stenosis before and after direct carotid artery stenting were 82% ± 10% and 10% ± 13%, respectively. The median of fluoroscopic time was 6 min (range 2.5–31.5 min). There were two (0.9%) minor strokes and one (0.5%) myocardial infarction within 30 post‐procedural days; the primary endpoint occurred in three patients (1.4%). Two patients expired from nonneurological causes unrelated to carotid stenting.

Conclusion:

Direct carotid stenting with FilterWire EZ™ Embolic Protection System is feasible and safe. Short‐term results with respect to neurological events are acceptable. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of ruptured coronary aneurysm with a novel covered stent
Authors: Hayat Sajad A. , Ghani Saqib , More Ranjit S
Published: December 2008

Coronary artery aneurysms are relatively rare but have been diagnosed with increasing frequency since the advent of coronary arteriography. Their reported incidence varies from 1.5% to 5% with male dominance and a predilection for the right coronary artery (RCA), accounting for over 40% of all cases. The most common etiology amongst adults remains atherosclerosis accounting for 50% of coronary aneurysms. We describe the first use of a novel flexible pericardium covered stent for successful treatment of a ruptured coronary aneurysm in 76 year old lady. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of drug‐eluting stent restenosis: An emerging challenge
Authors: Aminian Adel , Kabir Tito , Eeckhout Eric
Published: December 2008

Drug eluting stent (DES) restenosis has emerged as a significant clinical entity owing to the increasing use of DES in complex lesions and patients. However, to date, there is a paucity of studies that have addressed the management of DES restenosis and the resulting outcome, leaving the interventional cardiologist with a therapeutic dilemma. The purpose of this paper is therefore to provide a consise review of available data's dealing with the treatment of DES restenosis, including the outcome of patients treated for DES restenosis, the prognostic importance of the angiographic pattern and the available therapeutic modalities. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention of ostial lesions in the era of drug‐eluting stents
Authors: Freeman Melanie , Clark David J. , Andrianopoulos Nick , Duffy Stephen J. , Lim Han S. , Brennan Angela , Charter Kerrie , Shaw James , Horrigan Mark , Ajani Andrew E. , Sebastian Martin , Reid Christopher M. , Farouque H.M. Omar
Published: December 2008

Background:

Ostial lesions are a difficult subset associated with suboptimal outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes of ostial lesions in contemporary Australian interventional practice.

Methods:

The study population comprised 1,713 consecutive patients who underwent PCI for proximal lesions of the left anterior descending, left circumflex, and right coronary arteries, who were prospectively enrolled in the Melbourne Interventional Group Registry (February 2004–December 2006). We compared the in‐hospital, 30‐day, and 1‐year outcomes of the 109 patients undergoing PCI for ostial, with the 1,604 patients with proximal nonostial lesions. Left main and bifurcation lesions were excluded.

Results:

Patients in the ostial group were older (mean age 68.8 ± 11 vs. 64.9 ± 12 years; P = 0.001), and there was a greater proportion of women (38.5% vs. 28.0%; P = 0.021). Other clinical characteristics were similar. The nonostial group were more likely receive a stent (94.6% vs. 87.2%; P = 0.005) but drug‐eluting stents (DES) were deployed more often in the ostial group (47.9% vs. 66.1%; P < 0.0001). There was lower procedural success, with no significant difference in in‐hospital death, bleeding or emergency PCI, but unplanned in‐hospital coronary artery bypass grafting was more frequent in the ostial group (4.8% vs. 1.0%; P = 0.007). There was no difference in 30‐day major adverse cardiac events. However, 12‐month death (8.8% vs. 4%, log rank P = 0.032) and MACE (24.2% vs. 13.8%, log rank P = 0.005) were higher in the ostial group than the nonostial group with trends to increased incidence of myocardial infarction (6.6% vs. 4.7%, P = NS), and target vessel revascularization (13.2% vs. 7.9%, P = NS).

Conclusion:

In contemporary, Australian interventional practice, PCI for ostial lesions is associated with a high incidence of adverse outcome at one year despite the introduction of DES. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Approach for Achieving Unstable Convergence for Non‐Isothermal CSTRs
Authors: Subramanian J. N. , Mjalli F. S.
Published: December 2008

The nonlinearity introduced by the temperature variation in the non‐isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) exhibits concentration multiplicity for certain parameter ranges. The dynamics of reactor temperature under these conditions would be very difficult to observe and maintain. In this work, a novel algorithm is proposed to stabilize the system by designing a cascade of CSTRs that are capable of achieving this inaccessible steady state. Optimization of reactors parameters is performed in an iterative manner to achieve this solution. For a first‐order reaction rate, this method was successful in achieving the inaccessible steady state temperature of 312.5 K using three CSTRs cascades. The suggested algorithm is presented both graphically as well as using computational optimization techniques. The transient simulation studies using the above three CSTRs showed that the unstable steady state is achieved. The newly designed cascade meets the design criteria and achieves the locally unstable steady state temperature to a high degree of accuracy.
The Development of Process and Plant Safety in Germany during the Past Thirty Years
Authors: Pilz V.
Published: December 2008

The past thirty years have been a time of tremendous technical change. The development of microelectronics, in particular, has created a veritable revolution with regard to the possibilities of process control, as intelligent sensors and computers can provide information that was not available before. This, of course, has influenced safety technology. New tools, many of them computer aided, have allowed more precision in the design of plants and thorough fault analyses to be performed. Improved measuring units and more reliable scale‐up methods have opened the way for precise transfer of characteristic safety data towards the conditions of a large chemical plant. With such knowledge on hand, further steps towards inherent safety, that is reduced and minimized hazard potential, can be taken.
Investigation of the Development of Conflagration of Solid Material via Analysis of Coupled Heat, Mass and Momentum Transport
Authors: Krause U. , Schmidt M. , Ferrero F.
Published: December 2008

A mathematical model is presented for the transport of heat, mass and momentum transfer through a porous medium to simulate the chain of events from self‐heating, subsequent self‐ignition to smouldering fire propagation and burn‐out of combustible fractions. The model comprises both diffusive and convective transport. The chemical reaction sub‐model includes solid fuel decomposition and the combustion of char, carbon monoxide and hydrogen. Furthermore, biological processes, which may be a precursor of self‐heating and vaporization/condensation of moisture, are also included into the model. All input data necessary for implementing the model have been determined experimentally. The model has been validated against laboratory scale self‐ignition and smouldering propagation experiments and then applied to predictions of different fire scenarios during storage of bulk materials.
Management of Safety in the Oil Industry
Authors: Herrmann H. J. , Paul K.‐D.
Published: December 2008

The developments in safety in the oil industry over the last 25 years are discussed. The article focuses on key problems and incidents, strategies and measures as well as on failures and successes, which have helped to achieve major improvements in overall safety in the oil industry and other industries. The authors aim to give an overview of what has already been achieved and what still needs to be done in the future. Safety in industry has been a real success story since the late 1980's. It has been, and still is, a story with difficult lessons to be learnt and with people who suffered injuries or got killed. In addition, it has been a story with both great achievements and severe setbacks. It is also a story accompanied by major changes in legislation and regulation. Looking back from the current situation, it should be realized that significant changes have been achieved in terms of safety. Nowadays, people are working in an industry where driving to the workplace is riskier than the job itself, where hazards are actively managed, and where one can be proud of what has been achieved. The story of how these improvements in safety has been achieved is presented here as a review of the last 25 years and is based on the authors' personal experience in the oil industry.
Moving window as a variable selection method in potentiometric titration multivariate calibration and its application to the simultaneous determination of ions in Raschig synthesis mixtures
Authors: Fang Sheng , Zhu Ming‐Qiao , He Chao‐Hong
Published: December 2008

A novel method based on moving window (MW) strategy has been proposed to simultaneously choose the optimal pH region and latent variables (LVs) number for partial least squares (PLS) regression in potentiometric titration multivariate calibration. In this method, the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation with varying LVs number is run on different selected MW and, consequently, that revealing optimal results is selected. The method is applied to the simultaneous determination of H+, NH3OH+ and NH in Raschig synthesis mixtures, which is of industrial importance. A comparison in the modeling power of PLS is made between non‐processed data set and data set processed by the MW method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Stability and Compressibility of Iron‐Based Superconductor Nd(O0.88F0.12)FeAs under High Pressure.
Authors: Liu Haozhe , et al. et al.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, Mixed Conductivity, and Moessbauer Spectra of Ln0.5A0.5FeO3‐δ (Ln: La—Sm, A: Sr, Ba): Effects of Cation Size.
Authors: Kharton Vladislav V. , Kovalevsky Andrei V. , Patrakeev Mikhail V. , Tsipis Ekaterina V. , Viskup Alexandre P. , Kolotygin Vladislav A. , Yaremchenko Aleksey A. , Shaula Aliaksandr L. , Kiselev Evgeny V. , Waerenborgh Joao C.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aspects of Electronic Structure Instability in Search for New Superconductors: Superconducting Boride at Liquid Nitrogen Temperature?
Authors: Banacky Pavol
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Adsorption of H2 on Small Cationic Nickel Clusters
Authors: Swart Ingmar , Gruene Philipp , Fielicke Andre , Meijer Gerard , Weckhuysen Bert M. , de Groot Frank M. F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Hydrogen Oxidation Catalysts via Genetic Algorithms.
Authors: Beckers Jurriaan , Clerc Frederic , Blank Jan Hendrik , Rothenberg Gadi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Characterization and Their Photocatalytic Properties of Ln2Zr2O7 (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Dy, Er) Nanocrystals by Stearic Acid Method.
Authors: Tong Yuping , Lu Lude , Yang Xujie , Wang Xin
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photogeneration of Metastable Side‐on N2 Linkage Isomers in [Ru(NH3)5N2]Cl2, [Ru(NH3)5N2]Br2 and [Os(NH3)5N2]Cl2.
Authors: Schaniel Dominik , Woike Theo , Delley Bernard , Boskovic Colette , Guedel Hans‐Ueli
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Synthesis of LiBD4 Observed by in situ Neutron Diffraction.
Authors: Remhof A. , Friedrichs O. , Buchter F. , Mauron Ph. , Zuettel A. , Wallacher D.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A4Ge9 (A: K, Rb) as Precursors for Hg‐Substituted Clathrate‐I Synthesis: Crystal Structure of A8Hg3Ge43.
Authors: Kaltzoglou Andreas , Ponou Simeon , Faessler Thomas F.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Dimensional Chiral Microporous Germanium Antimony Sulfide with Ion‐Exchange Properties.
Authors: Feng Mei‐Ling , Kong De‐Nian , Xie Zai‐Lai , Huang Xiao‐Ying
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Layered Iron‐Rich 2234‐Type with a Mixed Valence of Iron: The Ferrimagnetic Tl‐Doped Fe2 (Sr2‐εTlε) Sr3Fe4O14.65.
Authors: Lepoittevin Christophe , Malo Sylvie , Nguyen Ninh , Hebert Sylvie , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Hervieu Maryvonne
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kolbe Carbon—Carbon Coupling Electrosynthesis Using Solid‐Supported Bases.
Authors: Kurihara Hitoshi , Fuchigami Toshio , Tajima Toshiki
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Henry Reactions Catalyzed by Metal Complexes of Chiral Boron‐Bridged Bisoxazoline (Borabox) Ligands.
Authors: Toussaint Aurelie , Pfaltz Andreas
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrosobenzene‐Mediated C—C Bond Cleavage Reactions and Spectral Observation of an Oxazetidin‐4‐one Ring System.
Authors: Payette Joshua N. , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable One‐Step Synthesis of Spirocycles, Polycycles, and Di‐ and Tetrahydronaphthalenes from Aryl‐Substituted Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Huang Wen , Zheng Pengzhi , Zhang Zhengxing , Liu Ruiting , Chen Zhenxia , Zhou Xigeng
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Behavior of Cationic Hydridoruthenium(II) Complex, [RuH(NH3)(PMe3)4]+, in H2‐Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation of Imines.
Authors: Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikeda Hibiki , Tsurumaki Jun‐ichirou , Shimizu Isao , Yamamoto Akio
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Hydroxy Ketones: A Reaction Sensitive Toward Electronic Effect of Substrates.
Authors: Xu Hui , Meng Qing‐Hua , Zhang Zhao‐Guo
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoretentive Halogenations and Azidations with Titanium(IV) Enabled by Chelating Leaving Groups.
Authors: Lepore Salvatore D. , Mondal Deboprosad , Li Song Ye , Bhunia Anjan K.
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Diiodide‐Promoted Electrophilic Amination of Ketone Enolates: Efficient Synthesis of Quaternary Carbon‐Containing α‐Aminated Ketones.
Authors: Sun Xing‐Wen , Wang Wei , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: December 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.