bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐Atom Phosphorus Defects Decorated CoP Cocatalyst Boosts Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Performance of Cd0.5Zn0.5S by Directed Separating the Photogenerated Carriers
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Lutao , Du Ming , Cui Yan , Li Yonghua , Yan Wei , Huang Huajie , Li Xing'ao , Zhu Xinbao
Published: February 2023

Design and preparation of an efficient and nonprecious cocatalysts, with structural features and functionality necessary for improving photocatalytic performance of semiconductors, remain a formidable challenge until now. Herein, for the first time, a novel CoP cocatalyst with single‐atom phosphorus vacancies defects (CoP‐Vp) is synthesized and coupled with Cd0.5Zn0.5S to build CoP‐Vp@Cd0.5Zn0.5S (CoP‐Vp@CZS) heterojunctions photocatalysts via a liquid phase corrosion method following by an in suit growth process. The nanohybrids deliver an attractive photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of 2.05 mmol h−1 30 mg−1 under visible‐light irradiation, which is 14.66 times higher than that of the pristine ZCS samples. As expected, CoP‐Vp further enhances the charge‐separation efficiency of ZCS, in addition to the improvement of the electron transfer efficiency, which is confirmed by the ultrafast spectroscopies. Mechanism studies based on density functional theory calculations verify that Co atoms adjacent with single‐atom Vp play the key role in translation, rotation, and transformation of electrons for H2O reduction. This scalable strategy focusing defect engineering provides a new insight into designing the highly active cocatalysts to boost the photocatalytic application.
A method for quantification of human transporter proteins by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Hou Zhe , Zhang Lei , Guo Xuan , Li Hui , Li Xiaodong , Dong Jing , Zhang Guangqin , Liu Dongyang
Published: February 2023

The aim of this study was to develop a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to quantify nine important transporter proteins, so as to support the quantification of transporter proteins abundance in different human tissues and organs. Quantification was performed by targeted proteomics in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and stability. All the correlation coefficients (r) were larger than 0.99 and the validation ranges of multidrug‐resistant transporter 1, breast cancer resistance protein, organic cation transporter 2, and organic anion transporter 1 were 0.036–3.636 nM, organic anion transporter 3 was 0.018–1.818 nM, organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter 1B1 and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 1 were 0.091–9.091 nM, organic anion transporting polypeptide transporter 1B3 and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporter 2K were 0.182–18.182 nM. The results of intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy and precision were all in line with the quantification requirements of biological samples and the stability results indicated that the samples were stable under current processing and storage conditions. The method is sensitive and efficient for the quantification of nine transporters in human tissues.
Vascularized Hepatocellular Carcinoma on a Chip to Control Chemoresistance through Cirrhosis, Inflammation and Metabolic Activity
Authors: Özkan Alican , Stolley Danielle L. , Cressman Erik N. K. , McMillin Matthew , Yankeelov Thomas E. , Nichole Rylander Marissa
Published: February 2023

Understanding the effects of inflammation and cirrhosis on the regulation of drug metabolism during the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is critical for developing patient‐specific treatment strategies. Herein, novel 3D vascularized HCC on chips (HCCoCs), composed of HCC, endothelial, stellate, and Kupffer cells tuned to mimic normal or cirrhotic liver stiffness, are created. HCC inflammation is controlled by tuning Kupffer macrophage numbers, and the impact of cytochrome P450‐3A4 (CYP3A4) is investigated by culturing HepG2 HCC cells transfected with CYP3A4 to upregulate expression from baseline. This model allows for the simulation of chemotherapeutic delivery methods such as intravenous injection and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). It is shown that upregulation of metabolic activity, incorporation of cirrhosis and inflammation, increases vascular permeability due to upregulated inflammatory cytokines leading to significant variability in chemotherapeutic treatment efficacy. Specifically, it is shown that further modulation of CYP3A4 activity of HCC cells by TACE delivery of doxorubicin provides an additional improvement to treatment response and reduces chemotherapy‐associated endothelial porosity increase. The HCCoCs are shown to have utility in uncovering the impact of the tumor microenvironment during cancer progression on vascular properties, tumor response to therapeutics, and drug delivery strategies.
A Mechanistic Overview of the Current Status and Future Challenges of Aluminum Anode and Electrolyte in Aluminum‐Air Batteries
Authors: Nayem S. M. Abu , Islam Santa , Mohamed Mostafa , Shaheen Shah Syed , Ahammad A. J. Saleh , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: February 2023

Aluminum‐air batteries (AABs) are regarded as attractive candidates for usage as an electric vehicle power source due to their high theoretical energy density (8100 Wh kg−1), which is considerably higher than that of lithium‐ion batteries. However, AABs have several issues with commercial applications. In this review, we outline the difficulties and most recent developments in AABs technology, including electrolytes and aluminum anodes, as well as their mechanistic understanding. First, the impact of the Al anode and alloying on battery performance is discussed. Then we focus on the impact of electrolytes on battery performances. The possibility of enhancing electrochemical performances by adding inhibitors to electrolytes is also investigated. Additionally, the use of aqueous and non‐aqueous electrolytes in AABs is also discussed. Finally, the challenges and potential future research areas for the advancement of AABs are suggested.
Multiple infliximab biosimilar switches appear to be safe and effective in a real‐world inflammatory bowel disease cohort
Authors: Gros Beatriz , Plevris Nikolas , Constantine‐Cooke Nathan , Lyons Mathew , O'Hare Claire , Noble Colin , Arnott Ian D. , Jones Gareth‐Rhys , Lees Charlie W. , Derikx Lauranne A. A. P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Switching from originator infliximab (IFX) to biosimilar IFX is effective and safe. However, data on multiple switching are scarce. The Edinburgh inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) unit has undertaken three switch programmes: (1) Remicade to CT‐P13 (2016), (2) CT‐P13 to SB2 (2020), and (3) SB2 to CT‐P13 (2021).

Objective

The primary endpoint of this study was to assess CT‐P13 persistence following switch from SB2. Secondary endpoints included persistence stratified by the number of biosimilar switches (single, double and triple), effectiveness and safety.

Methods

We performed a prospective, observational, cohort study. All adult IBD patients on IFX biosimilar SB2 underwent an elective switch to CT‐P13. Patients were reviewed in a virtual biologic clinic with protocol driven collection of clinical disease activity, C‐reactive protein (CRP), faecal calprotectin (FC), IFX trough/antibody levels, and drug survival.

Results

297 patients (CD n = 196 [66%], ulcerative colitis/inflammatory bowel disease unclassified n = 101, [34%]) were switched (followed‐up: 7.5 months [6.8–8.1]). This was the third, second and first IFX switch for 67/297 (22.5%), 138/297 (46.5%) and 92/297 (31%) of the cohort respectively. 90.6% of patients remained on IFX during follow‐up. The number of switches was not independently associated with IFX persistence after adjusting for confounders. Clinical (p = 0.77), biochemical (CRP ≤5 mg/ml; p = 0.75) and faecal biomarker (FC<250 µg/g; p = 0.63) remission were comparable at baseline, week 12 and week 24.

Conclusion

Multiple successive switches from IFX originator to biosimilars are effective and safe in patients with IBD, irrespective of the number of IFX switches.
Sampling constrained continuous probability distributions: A review
Authors: Lan Shiwei , Kang Lulu
Published: February 2023

The problem of sampling constrained continuous distributions has frequently appeared in many machine/statistical learning models. Many Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling methods have been adapted to handle different types of constraints on random variables. Among these methods, Hamilton Monte Carlo (HMC) and the related approaches have shown significant advantages in terms of computational efficiency compared with other counterparts. In this article, we first review HMC and some extended sampling methods, and then we concretely explain three constrained HMC‐based sampling methods, reflection, reformulation, and spherical HMC. For illustration, we apply these methods to solve three well‐known constrained sampling problems, truncated multivariate normal distributions, Bayesian regularized regression, and nonparametric density estimation. In this review, we also connect constrained sampling with another similar problem in the statistical design of experiments with constrained design space.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Mathematics

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Sampling
Detection and quantification of heavy metals in blood and milk of Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) (Cetartiodactyla: Iniidae) using wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Silva Cláudia Cândida , da Cruz de Oliveira Gabriel , do Amaral Carvalho Hugo Rafael , da Silva Vera Maria Ferreira
Published: February 2023

River dolphins of the genus Inia are among the most endangered cetacean species in the world. However, information on the elemental constitution of the blood and milk of these species is still quite scarce. This study aims to evaluate the wavelength‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (WD‐XRF) spectrometry to detect and quantify heavy metals in blood and milk samples of a free‐ranging female Amazon river dolphin (Inia geoffrensis) from Central Amazon, Brazil. The WD‐XRF method detected and quantified 14 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu) in the samples analyzed, in which 13 elements were in the blood and 14 were in the milk. The WD‐XRF method did not detect some heavy metals, including those already described for the Amazon river dolphin milk (e.g., mercury) detected by other analytical methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). However, it is possible that the samples analyzed may come from a non‐contaminated individual. Therefore, the joint use of different analytical methods is recommended for future analyses. In addition, both blood and milk samples presented high concentrations of some metals, and the health risks of botos are discussed. This result demonstrates that the WD‐XRF method is a viable analytical procedure for detecting certain elements and quantifying their concentrations in liquid biological samples of Amazonian cetaceans.
Postbuckling behavior of functionally graded porous toroidal shell segments with surrounding elastic media subjected to combined mechanical loads
Authors: Nhu Trang Le Thi , Tung Hoang Van
Published: February 2023

Buckling and postbuckling behavior of toroidal shell segment (TSS) made of functionally graded porous material (FGPM), exposed to a thermal environment, surrounded by an elastic medium and subjected to combined action of axial compression and lateral pressure are investigated in this paper. Material constituents are varied across the thickness according to power‐law functions, while porosities are distributed in the TSS in the form of cosine functions of thickness variable. Governing equations in terms of deflection and stress function are derived based on classical shell theory taking into account geometrical nonlinearity and interactive pressure from surrounding elastic media. Multi‐term analytical solutions are assumed for simply supported TSSs and Galerkin method is used to obtain nonlinear load–deflection relations from which buckling loads can be derived. Parametric studies are carried out to access the influences of material and geometry properties, porosity coefficient and distributions, preexisting loading conditions, thermal environments and surrounding elastic media on the buckling resistance and postbuckling load carrying capabilities of FGPM TSSs.
Bootstrapping the effect of the twist operator in symmetric orbifold CFTs
Authors: Guo Bin , Hampton Shaun D.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We study the 2D symmetric orbifold CFT of two copies of free bosons. The twist operator can join the two separated copies in the untwisted sector into a joined copy in the twisted sector. Starting with a state with any number of quanta in the untwisted sector, the state in the twisted sector obtained by the action of the twist operator can be computed by using the covering map method. We develop a new method to compute the effect of a twist operator by using the Bogoliubov ansatz and conformal symmetry. This may lead to more efficient tools to compute correlation functions involving twist operators.
Exploring macroinvertebrate biodiversity in the dynamic southern Balkan stream network of the Vjosa using preservative-based DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Brasseur Marie V. , Martini Jan , Wilfling Olivia , Wüthrich Remo , Birnstiel Emil , Oester Rebecca , Zizka Vera M. A. , Singer Gabriel , Leese Florian , Vitecek Simon
Published: February 2023

Reliable biodiversity data are crucial for environmental research and management. Unfortunately, data paucity prevails for many regions and organismal groups such as aquatic invertebrates. High-throughput DNA-based identification, in particular DNA metabarcoding, has accelerated biodiversity data generation. However, in the process of metabarcoding, specimens are usually destroyed, precluding later specimen-based analyses. Metabarcoding of DNA released into the preservative ethanol has been proposed as a non-destructive alternative, but proof-of-principle studies have yielded ambiguous results, reporting variance in detection probability for various taxa and methodological biases. In this study, we tested the performance of preservative-based metabarcoding of aquatic invertebrates in comparison to a standard morpho-taxonomic assessment based on samples from one of Europe’s last free-flowing rivers, the Vjosa. Multi-habitat samples were collected at 43 sites in two seasons and stored in ethanol, after fixation in formaldehyde for morpho-taxonomic analyses. Preservative-based DNA metabarcoding detected three times more taxa but failed to detect other taxa found using the standard method. In addition to incomplete reference data and primer bias that likely precluded the detection of specific taxa, preservative-based DNA metabarcoding cannot provide accurate abundance estimates. However, the metabarcoding data revealed distinct small-scale and large-scale community patterns in the Vjosa river network, which were also recovered by quantitative data of the standard approach. Overall, our results indicate that preservative-based metabarcoding provides important biodiversity data, which could be further improved by quantitative validation. The method is robust and reliable, even though samples were taken under harsh field-conditions and stored without cooling. Further, our results emphasise the need for reliable DNA barcoding reference libraries. Building those may be supported by preservative-based metabarcoding that maintains intact vouchers for subsequent specimen-based analyses.
Riesz Transform for a Flow Laplacian on Homogeneous Trees
Authors: Levi Matteo , Martini Alessio , Santagati Federico , Tabacco Anita , Vallarino Maria
Published: February 2023

We prove the $$L^p$$

L
p

-boundedness, for $$p \in (1,\infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, of the first order Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian on a homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure. This result was previously proved to hold for $$p \in (1,2]$$

p
∈
(
1
,
2
]

by Hebisch and Steger, but their approach does not extend to $$p>2$$

p
>
2

as we make clear by proving a negative endpoint result for $$p = \infty $$

p
=
∞

for such operator. We also consider a class of “horizontal Riesz transforms” corresponding to differentiation along horocycles, which inherit all the boundedness properties of the Riesz transform associated to the flow Laplacian, but for which we are also able to prove a weak type (1, 1) bound for the adjoint operators, in the spirit of the work by Gaudry and Sjögren in the continuous setting. The homogeneous tree with the canonical flow measure is a model case of a measure-metric space which is nondoubling, of exponential growth, does not satisfy the Cheeger isoperimetric inequality, and where the Laplacian does not have spectral gap.
Cocaine-induced plasticity, motivation, and cue responsivity do not differ in obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant rats; implications for food addiction
Authors: Saraswat Anish A. , Longyear Lauren G. , Kawa Alex B. , Ferrario Carrie R.
Published: February 2023

Rationale

Compared to obesity-resistant rats, obesity-prone rats consume more food, work harder to obtain food, show greater motivational responses to food-cues, and show greater striatal plasticity in response to eating sugary/fatty foods. Therefore, it is possible that obesity-prone rats may also be more sensitive to the motivational properties of cocaine and cocaine-paired cues, and to plasticity induced by cocaine.

Objective

To examine baseline differences in motivation for cocaine and effects of intermittent access (IntA) cocaine self-administration on cocaine motivation, neurobehavioral responsivity to cocaine-paired cues, and locomotor sensitization in male obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant rats.

Methods

Intravenous cocaine self-administration was used to examine drug-taking and drug-seeking in males. Motivation for cocaine was measured using a within session threshold procedure. Cue-induced c-Fos expression in mesocorticolimbic regions was measured.

Results

Drug-taking and drug-seeking, cue-induced c-Fos, locomotor sensitization, and preferred level of cocaine consumption (Q0) were similar between obesity-prone and obesity-resistant groups. Maximal responding during demand testing (Rmax) was lower in obesity-prone rats. IntA experience enhanced motivation for cocaine (Pmax) in obesity-prone rats.

Conclusions

The results do not support robust inherent differences in motivation for cocaine, cue-induced cocaine seeking, or neurobehavioral plasticity induced by IntA in obesity-prone vs obesity-resistant rats. This contrasts with previously established differences seen for food and food cues in these populations and shows that inherent enhancements in motivation for food and food-paired cues do not necessarily transfer to drugs and drug-paired cues.
Desorganisierte Bindung und körperliche Gesundheit
Authors: Flemming Eva , Lübke Laura , Müller Sascha , Spitzer Carsten
Published: February 2023

Hintergrund

Die Bindungsforschung hat empirisch gezeigt, dass frühe Beziehungserfahrungen nicht nur für die psychosoziale, sondern auch für die körperliche Entwicklung hoch relevant sind. Während Zusammenhänge zwischen den Dimensionen der „organisierten“ unsicheren Bindung, Angst und Vermeidung, mit körperlichen Erkrankungen gut belegt sind, ist die Studienlage für Merkmale einer desorganisierten Bindung bislang unzureichend.

Methode

In einer Allgemeinbevölkerungsstichprobe von 1101 Teilnehmenden wurden mithilfe von Selbstbeurteilungsskalen desorganisierte Bindung in Partnerschaften und desorganisierte Kindheitsbeschreibungen erfasst. Die Zusammenhänge mit ärztlich diagnostizierten Erkrankungen und der Krankheitslast insgesamt wurden mithilfe von Regressionsmodellen untersucht. Die Analysen erfolgten unter Kontrolle relevanter soziodemografischer Variablen sowie der Risikofaktoren Rauchen, riskanter Alkoholkonsum und Body-Mass-Index.

Ergebnisse

Hinsichtlich der Krankheitsgruppen waren neurologische Erkrankungen konsistent sowohl mit desorganisierter Bindung in der Partnerbeziehung als auch mit selbstbeurteilten desorganisierten Kindheitsbeschreibungen assoziiert. Es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge zwischen desorganisierter Bindung und Krankheitslast, die unabhängig von den Dimensionen der „organisierten“ unsicheren Bindung, Angst und Vermeidung, bestanden.

Diskussion

Personen mit desorganisierter Bindung weisen eine schlechtere körperliche Gesundheit auf, wobei die genauen Mechanismen in weiteren Studien untersucht werden sollten. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass in der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung dieser PatientInnen die körperliche Gesundheit nicht außer Acht gelassen und gesundheitsfördernde Verhaltensweisen gestärkt werden sollten.
High dynamic range in videodensitometry—a comparative study to classic videoscanning on Gentiana extracts
Authors: Gadowski Sebastian , Tomiczak Karolina , Komsta Łukasz
Published: February 2023

The advantages of high dynamic range (HDR) imaging in videodensitometry are presented and discussed on the example of Gentiana extract thin-layer fingerprints visualized under 254 nm. An inexpensive microscope camera, together with security surveillance lens, mounted instead of original camera on videodensitometry chamber, allows to grab HDR images with high tonal range using Python scripts and OpenCL library. HDR imaging preserves linearity in whole tonal range and does not destroy details in the brightest and darkest plate regions, so it can be seen as a good alternative to classical videodensitometry. Moreover, the tonemapping of HDR images can be used to present a plate photograph with enhanced visibility of weak spots and other details. Principal component analysis done on nine classic exposures and HDR image proves that HDR image contains the highest amount of extracted information from the thin-layer chromatographic plate.
Carbon border adjustment mechanism in the transition to net-zero emissions: collective implementation and distributional impacts
Authors: Perdana Sigit , Vielle Marc
Published: February 2023

As an instrument to minimize carbon leakage, the effects and feasibility of Carbon Border Adjustments Mechanism (CBAM) will depend on multiple design options. While the EU has committed to introducing CBAM as part of its green climate deal, pursuing climate efforts to successfully limit global warming requires a collective implementation involving major emitters China and the US. This paper quantifies the distributional impacts of a joint CBAM implementation of in a climate alliance or a club of the EU, the US, and China. Differing from a myriad of studies that focus on unilateral CBAM, this analysis emphasizes collective implications on leakage, sectoral competitiveness, and welfare by projecting climate neutrality relative to current policies and climate targets. Our findings confirm that coalition reduces leakage, improves production on energy-intensive industries, and increases club’s welfare relative to a non-CBAM and a unilateral implementation. These are in contrast with some unilateral analytical studies, especially for the US. It is further proof of the potential of CBAM as collective instruments to facilitate mitigation and trade competitiveness.
Kurcuma: a kitchen utensil recognition collection for unsupervised domain adaptation
Authors: Rosello Adrian , Valero-Mas Jose J. , Gallego Antonio Javier , Sáez-Pérez Javier , Calvo-Zaragoza Jorge
Published: February 2023

The use of deep learning makes it possible to achieve extraordinary results in all kinds of tasks related to computer vision. However, this performance is strongly related to the availability of training data and its relationship with the distribution in the eventual application scenario. This question is of vital importance in areas such as robotics, where the targeted environment data are barely available in advance. In this context, domain adaptation (DA) techniques are especially important to building models that deal with new data for which the corresponding label is not available. To promote further research in DA techniques applied to robotics, this work presents Kurcuma (Kitchen Utensil Recognition Collection for Unsupervised doMain Adaptation), an assortment of seven datasets for the classification of kitchen utensils—a task of relevance in home-assistance robotics and a suitable showcase for DA. Along with the data, we provide a broad description of the main characteristics of the dataset, as well as a baseline using the well-known domain-adversarial training of neural networks approach. The results show the challenge posed by DA on these types of tasks, pointing to the need for new approaches in future work.
Pictonaut: movie cartoonization using 3D human pose estimation and GANs
Authors: Tous Ruben
Published: February 2023

This article describes Pictonaut, a novel method to automatically synthetise animated shots from motion picture footage. Its results are editable (backgrounds, characters, lighting, etc.) with conventional 3D software, and they have the finish of professional 2D animation. Rather than addressing the challenge solely as an image translation problem, a hybrid approach combining multi-person 3D human pose estimation and GANs is taken. Sub-sampled video frames are processed with OpenPose and SMPLify-X to obtain the 3D parameters of the pose (body, hands and face expression) of all depicted characters. The captured parameters are retargeted into manually selected 3D models, cel shaded to mimic the style of a 2D cartoon. The results of sub-sampled frames are interpolated to generate a complete and smooth motion for all the characters. The background is cartoonized with a GAN. Qualitative evaluation shows that the approach is feasible, and a small dataset of synthetised shots obtained from real movie scenes is provided.
Blood Pressure Affects the Early CT Perfusion Imaging in Patients with aSAH Reflecting Early Disturbed Autoregulation
Authors: Hofmann Björn B. , Donaldson Daniel M. , Fischer Igor , Karadag Cihat , Neyazi Milad , Piedade Guilherme S. , Abusabha Yousef , Muhammad Sajjad , Rubbert Christian , Hänggi Daniel , Beseoglu Kerim
Published: February 2023

Background

Early computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is frequently used to predict delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, the influence of blood pressure on CTP is currently controversial (HIMALAIA trial), which differs from our clinical observations. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of blood pressure on early CTP imaging in patients with aSAH.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the mean transit time (MTT) of early CTP imaging within 24 h after bleeding prior to aneurysm occlusion with respect to blood pressure shortly before or after the examination in 134 patients. We correlated the cerebral blood flow with the cerebral perfusion pressure in the case of patients with intracranial pressure measurement. We performed a subgroup analysis of good-grade (World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies [WFNS] I–III), poor-grade (WFNS IV–V), and solely WFNS grade V aSAH patients.

Results

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly correlated inversely with the mean MTT in early CTP imaging (R =  − 0.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.34 to − 0.01, p = 0.042). Lower mean blood pressure was significantly associated with a higher mean MTT. Subgroup analysis revealed an increasing inverse correlation when comparing WFNS I–III (R =  − 0.08, 95% CI − 0.31 to 0.16, p = 0.53) patients with WFNS IV–V (R =  − 0.2, 95% CI − 0.42 to 0.05, p = 0.12) patients, without reaching statistical significance. However, if only patients with WFNS V are considered, a significant and even stronger correlation between MAP and MTT (R =  − 0.4, 95% CI − 0.65 to 0.07, p = 0.02) is observed. In patients with intracranial pressure monitoring, a stronger dependency of cerebral blood flow on cerebral perfusion pressure is observed for poor-grade patients compared with good-grade patients.

Conclusions

The inverse correlation between MAP and MTT in early CTP imaging, increasing with the severity of aSAH, suggests an increasing disturbance of cerebral autoregulation with the severity of early brain injury. Our results emphasize the importance of maintaining physiological blood pressure values in the early phase of aSAH and preventing hypotension, especially in patients with poor-grade aSAH.
Influence of chemical reaction and variable mass diffusivity on non-Newtonian fluid flow due to a rough stretching sheet with magnetic field and Cattaneo-Christov fluxes
Authors: Yousef N. S. , Megahed Ahmed M. , Fares Eman
Published: February 2023

A non-Newtonian Williamson fluid flow due to a stretching sheet with radiation, magnetic field, and viscous dissipation effects is described using variable conductivity and variable diffusivity. The Cattaneo-Christov model is used to correctly compute the physical properties of a heat and mass flux model. Both the chemical reaction phenomenon and the slip velocity have an impact on the heat and mass mechanism. The physical problem is represented mathematically as a nonlinear coupled differential system. After that, the shooting method is used to solve the mathematical model numerically. To gain a better understanding of the behavior of governing emergent factors on dimensionless velocity, concentration, and temperature profiles, physical interpretations are created and discussed utilizing graphical and tabular representations. The results show that the Sherwood number and the Nusselt number are both decreased by the magnetic, viscosity, and slip velocity parameters. Also, according to the findings it has been observed that the concentration outlines enhances for the magnetic number, the viscosity parameter, and the slip velocity parameter, but they dwindle for expanding reaction rate values. Finally, after confirmation of our numerical results, the theoretical results show good agreement with previously published work.
Determinants of Keloid recurrence: The Nairobi keloid recurrence scoring system; A cohort, prospective study
Authors: Nang’ole Ferdinand W. , Anzala Omu , Ogeng’o Julius , Agak George W.
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Background

Keloid disease is a fibro-proliferative disorder characterized by excessive deposition of collagen. Keloids has shown high recurrence rate. We undertook this study to determine what factors influence recurrence of the disease with the aim of developing a keloid recurrence scoring system.

Methods

This was a cohort prospective longitudinal study of patients who presented with keloids, managed by surgical excision followed by post excision radiotherapy. Post-surgery patients were followed up for at least two years to determine recurrence. Variables analyzed included patients’ history, clinical presentation and keloid histology. Data captured were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Student T-test and Chi-square test were used to compare means and frequencies respectively at 95% confidence level (P-Value <0.05). Multi regression analysis was done to determine the contributions of various variables to keloid recurrence.

Results

Ninety patients were followed up in the study for duration of two years. Overall keloid recurrence was 21% with male patients having a significantly higher recurrence rate of 31% compared to the female at 12%. The recurrence rates were also higher in familial keloids at 27.7% compared to sporadic keloids at 18.5%. Other factors that influenced recurrence included anatomical location, patient’s blood group and histological composition of the keloid. Multiple regression analysis done demonstrated that gender and family history was the biggest contributor to keloid recurrence.

Conclusion

Keloid recurrence is influenced by many factors including family history, clinical presentation and keloid histology. A Keloid recurrence scoring system encompassing these factors could assist in the determination of post excision management as well as prediction of the likelihood of recurrence.

Highlights
Heidegger's Social Ontology
Authors: Knudsen Nicolai K.
Published: February 2023

Many critics and commentators hold that Heidegger had next to nothing to say about human sociality. In this book, Nicolai Knudsen rectifies this popular misconception. Drawing on his influential philosophy of mind, his philosophy of action and his conception of being-with, Knudsen argues that the central idea of Heidegger's social ontology is that we can only understand others, do things with others, and form lasting groups with others if we pre-reflectively correlate their behaviour with our own projects and the world that lies between us. Knudsen then uses this framework to formulate Heideggerian contributions to current debates on social cognition, collective intentionality, and social normativity. He also reinterprets Heidegger's famous concept of authenticity in the light of his social ontological commitments, and shows how Heidegger's affiliation with National Socialism betrays his own best insights into the fundamental structure of social life.
The Government of Chance
Authors: Sintomer Yves
Published: February 2023

Electoral democracies are struggling. Sintomer, in this instructive book, argues for democratic innovations. One such innovation is using random selection to create citizen bodies with advisory or decisional political power. 'Sortition' has a long political history. Coupled with elections, it has represented an important yet often neglected dimension of Republican and democratic government, and has been reintroduced in the Global North, China and Mexico. The Government of Chance explores why sortation is returning, how it is coupled with deliberation, and why randomly selected 'minipublics' and citizens' assemblies are flourishing. Relying on a growing international and interdisciplinary literature, Sintomer provides the first systematic and theoretical reconstruction of the government of chance from Athens to the present. At what conditions can it be rational? What lessons can be drawn from history? The Government of Chance therefore clarifies the democratic imaginaries at stake: deliberative, antipolitical, and radical, making a plaidoyer for the latter.
Life After Death
Authors: Holman Peter
Published: February 2023

New research throws light on the history of the viol after Purcell, including its revival in the late eighteenth century through Charles Frederick Abel.
The Making of the Irish Protestant Ascendancy
Authors: Walsh Patrick
Published: February 2023

The life and political career of William Conolly, a key figure in the establishment of the eighteenth century protestant ascendancy in Ireland.
Juan Esquivel
Authors: Walkley Clive
Published: February 2023

First study of Juan Esquivel, a highly significant figure in Spanish musical life in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.
Culture and Politics at the Court of Charles II, 1660-1685
Authors: Jenkinson Matthew
Published: February 2023

A study of how representations and images of Charles II and his kingship were formed and presented by those in and around the court.
The East India Company's Maritime Service, 1746-1834
Authors: Sutton Jean
Published: February 2023

Describes the voyages of East India Company's ships to India and China in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, discussing the nature of trade and the involvement of the company's ships in maritime warfare.
The Interlace Structure of the Third Part of the Prose Lancelot
Authors: Brandsma Frank
Published: February 2023

The intricate structure and the many different narrative threads of the Prose Lancelot are here skilfully analysed, showing them to be a major new development in literary technique.
Origins of Multidecadal SST Variations in the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans Since the 1960s
Authors: Gao Xing , Li Yuanlong , Lin Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Ren Qiuping , Lu Ying , Wang Fan
Published: February 2023

Multidecadal sea surface temperature covariance in the southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans within the 20°–45°S band (termed the SAIOs) has been detected, but the origins of these variations remain uncertain. This study focuses on the decade‐long warming surge (0.43°C/decade) during 1965–1975 and the stalled warming pace (0.05°C/decade) thereafter. Observations and models overall suggest the essence of external forcing in controlling the warming rates of these two periods. Specifically, the 1963 eruption of Mount Agung caused an abrupt cooling of the SAIO, and the recovery of radiative heating during the following decade led to rapid surface warming. The persistent positive trend of the Southern Annular Mode since the late‐1970s has retarded the SAIO warming, primarily by enhancing surface wind speed and latent heat release. Although internal variability can also affect the SAIO through atmospheric teleconnections, its role is overall secondary during the two periods.
Compression at Strike‐Slip Fault Is a Favorable Condition for Subduction Initiation
Authors: Zhong Xinyi , Li Zhong‐Hai
Published: February 2023

The recent statistics suggests that over 60% of active Cenozoic subduction initiation (SI) cases are related to the strike‐slip fault. A number of previous studies have shown that the lithospheric weak zone is a necessary condition for the SI. However, the direct effect of strike‐slip motion on lithospheric weakening and SI has rarely been investigated in numerical models due to the challenge of complex 3D boundary conditions. In this study, a new 3D model has been built with both strike‐slip and compression boundary conditions. The model results indicate that the compression at a strike‐slip boundary provides a favorable condition for the SI, with producing and maintaining a lithospheric‐scale weak zone that facilitates strain localization and SI. In addition, the high strike‐slip velocity and buoyant overriding plate contributes to the SI of young oceanic plate. This mechanism satisfies a large number of natural SI cases in the Cenozoic.
Calcium Isotope Evolution During Differentiation of Vesta and Calcium Isotopic Heterogeneities in the Inner Solar System
Authors: Zhu Ke , Hui Hejiu , Klaver Martijn , Li Shi‐Jie , Chen Lu , Hsu Weibiao
Published: February 2023

We employed MC‐ICP‐MS to measure the mass‐dependent Ca isotope compositions of Vesta‐related meteorites. Eucrites and diogenites show distinct Ca isotope compositions, which is caused by crystallization of isotopically heavy orthopyroxene. The Ca isotope data support a model where the two lithologies are linked, where the diogenites, mainly composed of orthopyroxene crystallized from an eucritic melt. As normal eucrites are the main Ca reservoir on Vesta, their δ44/40Ca values (per mil 44Ca/40Ca ratios relative to NIST 915a) best represents that of bulk silicate Vesta (0.83 ± 0.04‰). This value is different from those of bulk Earth (0.94 ± 0.05‰) and Mars (1.04 ± 0.07‰), suggesting that there exists notable Ca isotope heterogeneity between inner solar system bodies. The δ44/40Ca difference between chondrules and these planets does not support the pebble accretion model as the main mechanism for planetary growth.
Mesoscale Convective Systems in DYAMOND Global Convection‐Permitting Simulations
Authors: Feng Zhe , Leung L. Ruby , Hardin Joseph , Terai Christopher R. , Song Fengfei , Caldwell Peter
Published: February 2023

This study examines the deep convection populations and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) simulated in the DYAMOND (DYnamics of the atmospheric general circulation modeled on non‐hydrostatic domains) winter project. A storm tracking algorithm is applied to six DYAMOND simulations and a global high‐resolution satellite cloud and precipitation data set for comparison. The simulated frequencies of tropical deep convection and organized convective systems vary widely among models and regions, although robust MCSs are generally underestimated. The diurnal cycles of MCS initiation and mature stages are well simulated, but the amplitudes are exaggerated over land. Most models capture the observed MCS lifetime, cloud shield area, rainfall volume and movement speed. However, cloud‐top height and convective rainfall intensity are consistently overestimated, and stratiform rainfall area and amount are consistently underestimated. Possible causes for the model differences compared to observations and implications for future model developments are discussed.
Upstream Shift of Generation Region of Whistler‐Mode Rising‐Tone Emissions in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Nogi Takeshi , Omura Yoshiharu
Published: February 2023

We have performed a series of simulation runs for whistler‐mode wave‐particle interaction in a parabolic magnetic field with 12 different frequencies of triggering waves and 3 different plasma frequencies specifying cold plasma densities. Under a given plasma condition, a specific frequency range of the triggering wave exists that can generate rising‐tone emissions. The generation region of rising‐tone emission shifts upstream. The velocity of the wave generation region is dependent on duration of the subpacket, which is controlled by the formation of the resonant current in the generation region. When the source velocity, which is a sum of the resonance and group velocities, is approximately the same as the velocity of the wave generation region, a long‐sustaining rising‐tone emission is generated. When the spatial and temporal gap between subpackets exists due to damping phase of short subpacket generation, resonant electrons in the gap of the subpackets are carried at the resonance velocity to the upstream region, and the velocity of the wave generation region becomes large in magnitude. When formation of resonant currents is delayed, the velocity of the generation region becomes smaller than the source velocity in magnitude. Below one quarter of the cyclotron frequency, coalescence of subpackets takes place, suppressing formation of the resonant current in the generation region. Since gradual upstream shift of the generation region is necessary for the wave to grow locally, the source velocity should be a small negative value.
Stress Features Inferred From Induced Earthquakes in the Weiyuan Shale Gas Block in Southwestern China
Authors: Chu Risheng , Sheng Minhan
Published: February 2023

Stress features, particularly local stress field and earthquake stress drops, are important to understand mechanism of induced earthquakes. Since shale gas exploitations in 2015, the Weiyuan shale gas block has experienced frequent earthquakes. In this paper, we determine focal mechanisms of 257 events with ML > 1.5 by fitting three‐component waveforms, invert for direction of maximum horizontal stress for two dense earthquake clusters, and then calculate stress drops for 17 earthquakes with moment magnitudes between 2.2 and 2.75 through the spectral ratio method. The focal mechanisms of all earthquakes are reverse faulting. The orientation of local maximum horizontal compressive stress is in the ESE direction, consistent with crustal movement indicated by GPS measurements. Both the focal mechanisms and microseismicity locations suggest the existence of steeply dipping faults with dip angles of ∼70°, which are relatively rare and difficult to slip under usual conditions, unlike major induced earthquakes with strike‐slip or low‐angle thrusting faults in the midwestern United States and western Canada. However, the steeply dipping reverse events can be induced by large pore pressure from hydraulic fracturing. The stress drops range from 2.5 to 54.7 MPa, comparable to those of potentially induced earthquakes in the midwestern United States. Our results imply earthquakes in the Weiyuan area are controlled by local tectonic stress and induced by large pore pressure from hydraulic fracturing, which advances our knowledge of reactivation of steeply dipping reverse faults.
Implicit Seismic Full Waveform Inversion With Deep Neural Representation
Authors: Sun Jian , Innanen Kristopher , Zhang Tianze , Trad Daniel
Published: February 2023

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is arguably the current state‐of‐the‐art amongst methodologies for imaging subsurface structures and physical parameters with seismic data; however, important challenges are faced in its implementation and use. Keys amongst these are (a) building a suitable initial model, from which a local minimum is unlikely to be reached, and (b) availability of tools for evaluation of uncertainty. An algorithm we refer to as implicit full waveform inversion (IFWI), designed using continuously and implicitly defined deep neural representations, appears in principle to address both of these issues. We observe in IFWI, with its random initialization and deep learning optimization, improved convergence relative to standard FWI model initialization and optimization. Models close to the global minimum, capturing relatively high‐resolution subsurface structures, are obtained. In addition, uncertainty analysis, though not solved in IFWI, is meaningfully addressed by approximating Bayesian inference with the addition of dropout neurons. Numerical experimentation with a range of 2D geological models is suggestive that IFWI exhibits a strong capacity for generalization, and is likely well‐suited for multi‐scale joint geophysical inversion.
Extreme Niche Partitioning and Microbial Dark Matter in a Mauna Loa Lava Tube
Authors: Fishman C. B. , Bevilacqua J. G. , Hahn A. S. , Morgan‐Lang C. , Wagner N. , Gadson O. , McAdam A. C. , Bleacher J. , Achilles C. , Knudson C. , Millan M. M. , Bower D. M. , Musilova M. , Johnson S. S.
Published: February 2023

Lava tubes are key targets in the search for life on Mars. Their basaltic walls provide protection from radiation and changing environmental conditions, which could enable life or preservation of previous life in an otherwise harsh environment. We can understand the potential for Martian life in lava tubes by studying the habitability of analog environments on Earth. In this study, we present the first characterization of the microbial life inside a pristine Mauna Loa lava tube. This study is the first to combine 16S SSU rRNA sequencing and whole genome shotgun sequencing to map the taxonomic makeup and functional potential of any lava tube community in Hawaii, enabling a deep understanding of the types of microbes that thrive in this unique environment and the metabolisms they use. We find a surprisingly high degree of niche partitioning over small spatial scales and discuss implications for life detection strategies. Based on recent bioinformatic advancements in metagenomics, we also assemble dozens of high‐quality metagenome assembled genomes from the microbes living in the lava tubes, including several novel species.