bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coevolution of Rock Slope Instability Damage and Resonance Frequencies From Distinct‐Element Modeling
Authors: Jensen E. K. , Moore J. R.
Published: November 2023

Ambient vibration measurements can detect resonance frequency changes related to rock slope instability damage or boundary condition changes during progressive failure. However, the impact of slope kinematics on resonance changes and the expected form and sensitivity of frequency evolution during destabilization require clarification to improve the implementation of this technique across diverse settings. Since instrumented rock slope failures are rare, numerical modeling is needed to study the anticipated spectral response from in situ monitoring. We used 2D distinct‐element modeling to evaluate the sensitivity and evolution of rock slope resonance behavior for slab toppling, flexural toppling, and planar sliding instabilities during progressive failure. Model simulations revealed that fundamental resonance frequency decreases between 20% and 60% with changes correlated with increasing length of open joints. Changes to higher‐order frequencies associated with landslide sub‐volumes were also detectable for cases with multiple fracture networks. Resonance behavior was most pronounced for failures dominated by steeply dipping open tension cracks, that is, flexural and slab toppling. Additionally, amplification patterns across the slope varied for the flexural toppling and sliding cases, providing potential new information with which to characterize landslide failure mechanisms using ambient vibration array measurements. Our results demonstrate landslide characteristics well‐suited for in situ ambient resonance monitoring and provide new data describing the anticipated changes in resonance frequencies during progressive rock slope failure.
Forecasting Geomagnetic Storm Disturbances and Their Uncertainties Using Deep Learning
Authors: Conde D. , Castillo F. L. , Escobar C. , García C. , García J. E. , Sanz V. , Zaldívar B. , Curto J. J. , Marsal S. , Torta J. M.
Published: November 2023

Severe space weather produced by disturbed conditions on the Sun results in harmful effects both for humans in space and in high‐latitude flights, and for technological systems such as spacecraft or communications. Also, geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) flowing on long ground‐based conductors, such as power networks, potentially threaten critical infrastructures on Earth. The first step in developing an alarm system against GICs is to forecast them. This is a challenging task given the highly non‐linear dependencies of the response of the magnetosphere to these perturbations. In the last few years, modern machine‐learning models have shown to be very good at predicting magnetic activity indices. However, such complex models are on the one hand difficult to tune, and on the other hand they are known to bring along potentially large prediction uncertainties which are generally difficult to estimate. In this work we aim at predicting the SYM‐H index characterizing geomagnetic storms multiple‐hour ahead, using public interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) data from the Sun‐Earth L1 Lagrange point and SYM‐H data. We implement a type of machine‐learning model called long short‐term memory (LSTM) network. Our scope is to estimate the prediction uncertainties coming from a deep‐learning model in the context of forecasting the SYM‐H index. These uncertainties will be essential to set reliable alarm thresholds. The resulting uncertainties turn out to be sizable at the critical stages of the geomagnetic storms. Our methodology includes as well an efficient optimization of important hyper‐parameters of the LSTM network and robustness tests.
Transcriptional co-activators: emerging roles in signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets for diseases
Authors: Talukdar Priyanka Dey , Chatterji Urmi
Published: November 2023

Specific cell states in metazoans are established by the symphony of gene expression programs that necessitate intricate synergic interactions between transcription factors and the co-activators. Deregulation of these regulatory molecules is associated with cell state transitions, which in turn is accountable for diverse maladies, including developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, and most significantly, cancer. A decade back most transcription factors, the key enablers of disease development, were historically viewed as ‘undruggable’; however, in the intervening years, a wealth of literature validated that they can be targeted indirectly through transcriptional co-activators, their confederates in various physiological and molecular processes. These co-activators, along with transcription factors, have the ability to initiate and modulate transcription of diverse genes necessary for normal physiological functions, whereby, deregulation of such interactions may foster tissue-specific disease phenotype. Hence, it is essential to analyze how these co-activators modulate specific multilateral processes in coordination with other factors. The proposed review attempts to elaborate an in-depth account of the transcription co-activators, their involvement in transcription regulation, and context-specific contributions to pathophysiological conditions. This review also addresses an issue that has not been dealt with in a comprehensive manner and hopes to direct attention towards future research that will encompass patient-friendly therapeutic strategies, where drugs targeting co-activators will have enhanced benefits and reduced side effects. Additional insights into currently available therapeutic interventions and the associated constraints will eventually reveal multitudes of advanced therapeutic targets aiming for disease amelioration and good patient prognosis.
HES1 promotes aerobic glycolysis and cancer progression of colorectal cancer via IGF2BP2-mediated GLUT1 m6A modification
Authors: Wang Jiayu , Zhu Mengxin , Zhu Jinghan , Li Juntao , Zhu Xingchao , Wang Kun , Shen Kanger , Yang Kexi , Ni Xiangyu , Liu Xin , Zhang Guangbo , Xi Qinhua , Shi Tongguo , Chen Weichang
Published: November 2023

Aerobic glycolysis has been shown to play a key role in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, how it is directly regulated is largely unknown. Here, we found that HES1 expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high HES1 expression is associated with poor survival in CRC patients. HES1 knockdown markedly inhibited cell growth and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, silencing of HES1 suppressed aerobic glycolysis of CRC cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that HES1 knockdown decreased the expression of GLUT1, a key gene of aerobic glycolysis, in CRC cells. GLUT1 overexpression abolished the effects of HES1 knockdown on cell aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion. ChIP-PCR and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay showed that HES1 directly bound the promoter of IGF2BP2 and promoted IGF2BP2 expression. Furthermore, our data indicated that IGF2BP2 recognized and bound the m6A site in the GLUT1 mRNA and enhanced its stability. Taken together, our findings suggest that HES1 has a significant promotion effect on CRC aerobic glycolysis and progression by enhancing the stability of m6A-modified GLUT1 mRNA in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner, which may become a viable therapeutic target for the treatment of CRC in humans.
Confined-microtubule assembly shapes three-dimensional cell wall structures in xylem vessels
Authors: Sasaki Takema , Saito Kei , Inoue Daisuke , Serk Henrik , Sugiyama Yuki , Pesquet Edouard , Shimamoto Yuta , Oda Yoshihisa
Published: November 2023

Properly patterned deposition of cell wall polymers is prerequisite for the morphogenesis of plant cells. A cortical microtubule array guides the two-dimensional pattern of cell wall deposition. Yet, the mechanism underlying the three-dimensional patterning of cell wall deposition is poorly understood. In metaxylem vessels, cell wall arches are formed over numerous pit membranes, forming highly organized three-dimensional cell wall structures. Here, we show that the microtubule-associated proteins, MAP70-5 and MAP70-1, regulate arch development. The map70-1 map70-5 plants formed oblique arches in an abnormal orientation in pits. Microtubules fit the aperture of developing arches in wild-type cells, whereas microtubules in map70-1 map70-5 cells extended over the boundaries of pit arches. MAP70 caused the bending and bundling of microtubules. These results suggest that MAP70 confines microtubules within the pit apertures by altering the physical properties of microtubules, thereby directing the growth of pit arches in the proper orientation. This study provides clues to understanding how plants develop three-dimensional structure of cell walls.
Knockout or inhibition of USP30 protects dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson’s disease mouse model
Authors: Fang Tracy-Shi Zhang , Sun Yu , Pearce Andrew C. , Eleuteri Simona , Kemp Mark , Luckhurst Christopher A. , Williams Rachel , Mills Ross , Almond Sarah , Burzynski Laura , Márkus Nóra M. , Lelliott Christopher J. , Karp Natasha A. , Adams David J. , Jackson Stephen P. , Zhao Jin-Feng , Ganley Ian G. , Thompson Paul W. , Balmus Gabriel , Simon David K.
Published: November 2023

Mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), cause familial Parkinson’s disease (PD) and aberrant αSyn is a key pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD. This α-synucleinopathy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may drive dopaminergic neurodegeneration. PARKIN and PINK1, mutated in autosomal recessive PD, regulate the preferential autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria (“mitophagy”) by inducing ubiquitylation of mitochondrial proteins, a process counteracted by deubiquitylation via USP30. Here we show that loss of USP30 in Usp30 knockout mice protects against behavioral deficits and leads to increased mitophagy, decreased phospho-S129 αSyn, and attenuation of SN dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by αSyn. These observations were recapitulated with a potent, selective, brain-penetrant USP30 inhibitor, MTX115325, with good drug-like properties. These data strongly support further study of USP30 inhibition as a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD.
A 5+1 assemble-to-activate mechanism of the Lon proteolytic machine
Authors: Li Shanshan , Hsieh Kan-Yen , Kuo Chiao-I , Lin Tzu-Chi , Lee Szu-Hui , Chen Yi-Ru , Wang Chun-Hsiung , Ho Meng-Ru , Ting See-Yeun , Zhang Kaiming , Chang Chung-I
Published: November 2023

Many AAA+ (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) proteins function as protein or DNA remodelers by threading the substrate through the central pore of their hexameric assemblies. In this ATP-dependent translocating state, the substrate is gripped by the pore loops of the ATPase domains arranged in a universal right-handed spiral staircase organization. However, the process by which a AAA+ protein is activated to adopt this substrate-pore-loop arrangement remains unknown. We show here, using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), that the activation process of the Lon AAA+ protease may involve a pentameric assembly and a substrate-dependent incorporation of the sixth protomer to form the substrate-pore-loop contacts seen in the translocating state. Based on the structural results, we design truncated monomeric mutants that inhibit Lon activity by binding to the native pentamer and demonstrated that expressing these monomeric mutants in Escherichia coli cells containing functional Lon elicits specific phenotypes associated with lon deficiency, including the inhibition of persister cell formation. These findings uncover a substrate-dependent assembly process for the activation of a AAA+ protein and demonstrate a targeted approach to selectively inhibit its function within cells.
Melting and defect transitions in FeO up to pressures of Earth’s core-mantle boundary
Authors: Dobrosavljevic Vasilije V. , Zhang Dongzhou , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Zhao Jiyong , Toellner Thomas S. , Pardo Olivia S. , Jackson Jennifer M.
Published: November 2023

The high-pressure melting curve of FeO controls key aspects of Earth’s deep interior and the evolution of rocky planets more broadly. However, existing melting studies on wüstite were conducted across a limited pressure range and exhibit substantial disagreement. Here we use an in-situ dual-technique approach that combines a suite of >1000 x-ray diffraction and synchrotron Mössbauer measurements to report the melting curve for Fe1-xO wüstite to pressures of Earth’s lowermost mantle. We further observe features in the data suggesting an order-disorder transition in the iron defect structure several hundred kelvin below melting. This solid-solid transition, suggested by decades of ambient pressure research, is detected across the full pressure range of the study (30 to 140 GPa). At 136 GPa, our results constrain a relatively high melting temperature of 4140 ± 110 K, which falls above recent temperature estimates for Earth’s present-day core-mantle boundary and supports the viability of solid FeO-rich structures at the roots of mantle plumes. The coincidence of the defect order-disorder transition with pressure-temperature conditions of Earth’s mantle base raises broad questions about its possible influence on key physical properties of the region, including rheology and conductivity.
Single-molecule FRET unmasks structural subpopulations and crucial molecular events during FUS low-complexity domain phase separation
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Walimbe Anuja , Avni Anamika , Rai Sandeep K. , Arora Lisha , Sarkar Snehasis , Mukhopadhyay Samrat
Published: November 2023

Biomolecular condensates formed via phase separation of proteins and nucleic acids are thought to be associated with a wide range of cellular functions and dysfunctions. We dissect critical molecular events associated with phase separation of an intrinsically disordered prion-like low-complexity domain of Fused in Sarcoma by performing single-molecule studies permitting us to access the wealth of molecular information that is skewed in conventional ensemble experiments. Our single-molecule FRET experiments reveal the coexistence of two conformationally distinct subpopulations in the monomeric form. Single-droplet single-molecule FRET studies coupled with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, picosecond time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy, and vibrational Raman spectroscopy indicate that structural unwinding switches intramolecular interactions into intermolecular contacts allowing the formation of a dynamic network within condensates. A disease-related mutation introduces enhanced structural plasticity engendering greater interchain interactions that can accelerate pathological aggregation. Our findings provide key mechanistic underpinnings of sequence-encoded dynamically-controlled structural unzipping resulting in biological phase separation.
Io’s polar volcanic thermal emission indicative of magma ocean and shallow tidal heating models
Authors: Davies Ashley Gerard , Perry Jason E. , Williams David A. , Nelson David M.
Published: November 2023

The distribution of Io’s volcanic activity probably reflects the position and magnitude of internal tidal heating, but full mapping of the moon has not been possible due to a lack of polar coverage. Here we use new observations of Io’s polar regions by the Juno spacecraft Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper to complete near-infrared coverage, revealing the global distribution and magnitude of thermal emission from Io’s currently erupting volcanoes. We show that the distribution of volcanic heat flow from 266 active hot spots is consistent with the presence of a global magma ocean and/or shallow asthenospheric heating. We find that Io’s polar volcanoes are less energetic but approximately the same in number per unit area than those at lower latitudes. We also find that volcanic heat flow in the north polar cap is greater than that in the south. The low volcanic advection seen at Io’s poles is therefore at odds with measurements of background temperature, showing that Io’s poles are anomalously warm. We suggest that the differences in volcanic thermal emission from Io’s poles compared with those at lower latitudes are indicative of lithospheric dichotomies that inhibit volcanic advection towards Io’s poles, particularly in the south polar region.
Unsupervised classification for region of interest in X-ray ptychography
Authors: Lin Dergan , Jiang Yi , Deng Junjing , Di Zichao Wendy
Published: November 2023

X-ray ptychography offers high-resolution imaging of large areas at a high computational cost due to the large volume of data provided. To address the cost issue, we propose a physics-informed unsupervised classification algorithm that is performed prior to reconstruction and removes data outside the region of interest (RoI) based on the multimodal features present in the diffraction patterns. The preprocessing time for the proposed method is inconsequential in contrast to the resource-intensive reconstruction process, leading to an impressive reduction in the data workload to a mere 20% of the initial dataset. This capability consequently reduces computational time dramatically while preserving reconstruction quality. Through further segmentation of the diffraction patterns, our proposed approach can also detect features that are smaller than beam size and correctly classify them as within the RoI.
Post-testicular sperm maturation in ancient holostean species
Authors: Dzyuba Viktoriya , Shelton William L. , Hiott Ana E. , Cosson Jacky , Bondarenko Olga , Kholodnyy Vitaliy , Dzyuba Borys
Published: November 2023

Fish speciation was accompanied by changes in the urogenital system anatomy. In evolutionarily modern Teleostei, male reproductive tracts are fully separated from the excretory system, while in evolutionarily ancient Chondrostei and Holostei, the excretory and reproductive tracts are not separated. Sturgeon post-testicular sperm maturation (PTSM) occurring as a result of sperm/urine mixing is phenomenologically well described, while, in holosteans, functional intimacy of seminal ducts with kidney ducts and the existence of PTSM still need to be addressed. In Lepisosteus platostomus (Holostei), sperm samples were collected from testes (TS), efferent ducts (EDS), and Wolffian ducts (WDS). While WDS was motile, no motility was found in TS and EDS. The existence of PTSM was checked by in vitro PTSM procedure. After TS and EDS incubation in seminal fluid from WDS, no more than 5% motile spermatozoa were observed in TS, whereas in EDS the motility percentage was up to 75%. Experimental dyeing of urogenital ducts in gars and sturgeons revealed some differences in the interconnection between sperm ducts and kidneys. It is concluded that post-testicular sperm maturation occurs in gars and suggests that infraclass Holostei occupies an intermediate evolutionary position between Teleostei and Chondrostei in the anatomical arrangement of the urogenital system.
A novel method for identifying key genes in macroevolution based on deep learning with attention mechanism
Authors: Mao Jiawei , Cao Yong , Zhang Yan , Huang Biaosheng , Zhao Youjie
Published: November 2023

Macroevolution can be regarded as the result of evolutionary changes of synergistically acting genes. Unfortunately, the importance of these genes in macroevolution is difficult to assess and hence the identification of macroevolutionary key genes is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In this study, we designed various word embedding libraries of natural language processing (NLP) considering the multiple mechanisms of evolutionary genomics. A novel method (IKGM) based on three types of attention mechanisms (domain attention, kmer attention and fused attention) were proposed to calculate the weights of different genes in macroevolution. Taking 34 species of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera as an example, we identified a few of key genes with high weights, which annotated to the functions of circadian rhythms, sensory organs, as well as behavioral habits etc. This study not only provides a novel method to identify the key genes of macroevolution at the genomic level, but also helps us to understand the microevolution mechanisms of diurnal butterflies and nocturnal moths in Lepidoptera.
Clinical outcomes and actual consequence of lung nodules incidentally detected on chest radiographs by artificial intelligence
Authors: Hwang Shin Hye , Shin Hyun Joo , Kim Eun-Kyung , Lee Eun Hye , Lee Minwook
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated how often clinically significant lung nodules were detected unexpectedly on chest radiographs (CXR) by artificial intelligence (AI)—based detection software, and whether co-existing findings can aid in differential diagnosis of lung nodules. Patients (> 18 years old) with AI-detected lung nodules at their first visit from March 2021 to February 2022, except for those in the pulmonology or thoracic surgery departments, were retrospectively included. Three radiologists categorized nodules into malignancy, active inflammation, post-inflammatory sequelae, or “other” groups. Characteristics of the nodule and abnormality scores of co-existing lung lesions were compared. Approximately 1% of patients (152/14,563) had unexpected lung nodules. Among 73 patients with follow-up exams, 69.9% had true positive nodules. Increased abnormality scores for nodules were significantly associated with malignancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.076, P = 0.001). Increased abnormality scores for consolidation (OR 1.033, P = 0.040) and pleural effusion (OR 1.025, P = 0.041) were significantly correlated with active inflammation–type nodules. Abnormality scores for fibrosis (OR 1.036, P = 0.013) and nodules (OR 0.940, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with post-inflammatory sequelae categorization. AI-based lesion-detection software of CXRs in daily practice can help identify clinically significant incidental lung nodules, and referring accompanying lung lesions may help classify the nodule.
The mosquito Aedes aegypti requires a gut microbiota for normal fecundity, longevity and vector competence
Authors: Harrison Ruby E. , Yang Xiushuai , Eum Jai Hoon , Martinson Vincent G. , Dou Xiaoyi , Valzania Luca , Wang Yin , Boyd Bret M. , Brown Mark R. , Strand Michael R.
Published: November 2023

Mosquitoes shift from detritus-feeding larvae to blood-feeding adults that can vector pathogens to humans and other vertebrates. The sugar and blood meals adults consume are rich in carbohydrates and protein but are deficient in other nutrients including B vitamins. Facultatively hematophagous insects like mosquitoes have been hypothesized to avoid B vitamin deficiencies by carryover of resources from the larval stage. However, prior experimental studies have also used adults with a gut microbiota that could provision B vitamins. Here, we used Aedes aegypti, which is the primary vector of dengue virus (DENV), to ask if carryover effects enable normal function in adults with no microbiota. We show that adults with no gut microbiota produce fewer eggs, live longer with lower metabolic rates, and exhibit reduced DENV vector competence but are rescued by provisioning B vitamins or recolonizing the gut with B vitamin autotrophs. We conclude carryover effects do not enable normal function.
Polymer Processing Principles
Authors: Moritzer Elmar , Schöppner Volker , Kröker Michael , Reisdörfer Claudine , Müller Johanna , Engelen Maike , Grewell David
Published: November 2023

The process selection for plastics manufacturing is primarily driven by the material’s morphology and the size and shape of the final product. Because thermoset plastics do not soften and flow when heated, this type of plastic is typically molded using a casting technique. In contrast, thermoplastics will soften and flow when heated and can be processed and shaped into products using a wide range of processes. These processes include extrusion, injection molding, stretch blow molding, vacuum- or thermoforming, and blown film processing. Most of these processes rely on an extrusion process step that heats and plasticizes (melts) the plastic. Because the thermal conductivity of plastics is typically low, bulk heating of plastics through conduction would extend the processing time. However, plastic pellets fed into an extruder are heated and softened quickly because they are exposed to high shear forces (internal heating mechanism). Once molten, the plastic material can be pressurized and injected into molds or extruded through dies to manufacture a wide range of products.
Biocomposites
Authors: Kizitas Alper , Ulven Chad , Michel Mitch , Grewell D.
Published: November 2023

Composite materials consist of two or more distinct phases of base/primary materials: a primary phase consisting of a matrix polymer and a secondary phase consisting of a reinforcing filler. Composites’ properties reflect the properties of both phases and are primarily created to improve strength, stiffness, and/or density. The matrix serves several functions for the composite, such as providing the bulk form of the composite, binding the filler, and allowing the forces to be distributed and shared within the composite. Composites can be classified into two categories, traditional and synthetic. Traditional composites are those occurring in nature, such as trees or natural fibers. Synthetic composites feature a man-made plastic and either a natural or a synthetic filler, such as glass or carbon fibers.
Durable and recyclable MOF@polycaprolactone mixed-matrix membranes with hierarchical porosity for wastewater treatment
Authors: Hani Amal , Haikal Rana R. , El-Mehalmey Worood A. , Safwat Youssef , Alkordi Mohamed H.
Published: November 2023

A mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) was further constructed utilizing an amine-functionalized metal–organic framework as the sorbent filler nanoparticles and PCL as the polymer support matrix (MOF@PCL) for wastewater treatment applications.
Revealing the interaction between peptide drugs and permeation enhancers in the presence of intestinal bile salts
Authors: Hossain Shakhawath , Kneiszl Rosita , Larsson Per
Published: November 2023

Molecular-level insights can guide the design of improved permeability enhancer-based dosage forms, allowing for precise control of peptide release profiles near the intended absorption site.
The influence of depropagation on PEGMA9 solution radical homopolymerization and copolymerization with DEAEMA: in situ1H-NMR measurements and reactivity ratio estimation by dynamic optimization
Authors: Cabello-Romero Judith , Torres-Lubián Román , Enríquez-Medrano Francisco Javier , Hutchinson Robin A. , Zapata-González Iván
Published: November 2023

The concentration affects the depropagation–propagation equilibrium of PEGMA9 due to the backbone flexibility, but this effect on its copolymerization with DEAEMA is negligible.
Shape-controlled synthesis and self-assembly of highly uniform upconverting calcium fluoride nanocrystals
Authors: Paik Taejong , Greybush Nicholas J. , Najmr Stan , Woo Ho Young , Hong Seong Vin , Kim Seung Hyeon , Lee Jennifer D. , Kagan Cherie R. , Murray Christopher B.
Published: November 2023

A novel synthetic method to tailor the shapes of highly uniform upconverting CaF2 NCs is demonstrated. We investigate the shape-dependent self-assemblies, and size, shape, and dopant composition-dependent upconversion luminescence of CaF2 NCs.
Hybrid energy storage for the optimized configuration of integrated energy system considering battery‐life attenuation
Authors: Zeng Xianqiang , Xiao Peng , Zhou Yun , Li Hengjie
Published: November 2023

To enhance the utilization of renewable energy and the economic efficiency of energy system's planning and operation, this study proposes a hybrid optimization configuration method for battery/pumped hydro energy storage considering battery‐lifespan attenuation in the regionally integrated energy system (RIES). Moreover, a two‐layer optimization model was established for integrated energy system planning and operation based on the combination of the Salp Swarm algorithm and mixed‐integer linear programming. Considering wind and solar energies and multiple loads, such as electricity, cooling, and heating, the first step in this paper involved the construction of a model for the RIES incorporating hybrid energy storage and various energy‐conversion devices. Then, given a synergy among different energy sources in the system, the long‐term impact of battery‐lifespan attenuation is introduced by including battery‐replacement costs. Based on the optimization results obtained from daily operations, a hybrid energy storage‐based optimization configuration model is established to minimize the annual operational and energy‐storage investment costs. The results show that, compared to the systems with a single pumped hydro storage or battery energy storage, the system with the hybrid energy storage reduces the total system cost by 0.33% and 0.88%, respectively. Additionally, the validity of the proposed method in enhancing the economic efficiency of system planning and operation is confirmed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted of the impact of battery‐lifespan degradation on the system's economic efficiency. The results show that during the system's operation phase, the total system cost is reduced by 9.97% considering battery‐lifespan degradation than that without considering the degradation.
The Use of Different Natural Plant Extract to Remove Egg Adhesiveness in The Procution of Asian Redtail Catfish Fry (Hemibagrus nemurus CV)
Authors: Sukendi  , Thamrin  , Manda Putra Ridwan , Andriani Delvira , Rizka Safitri Anggie
Published: November 2023

The provision for the cultivation Asian redtail catfish fry needs is still limited, because adhesion of the eggs is strong. The solutions for this problem is to immersion of the eggs using natural plant extracts which are easy to obtain and cheap. The aim of of this research was to assess the impact of different natural plant extract on the adhesion on eggs of Asian redtail catfish fry. The study was carried out at the Fish Hatchery and Breeding Laboratory, Riau University from June to July 2023. The design used was a completely randomized design, with various natural plant extracts: P0 (control), P1 (1.00 ml pineapple solution per liter of water), P2 (4.00 bilimbi solution per liter of water), and P3 (4.00 ml Jamaican cherry leaves solution per liter of water). The results showed that the best treatment was observed in P3, resulting in a fertilization rate of 90.40%, hatching rate 87.13%, egg adhesion rate of 14.28, absolute weight growth of 1.2611 g, absolute length growth of 5.54 cm, daily weight growth of 13.17% per day, and a survival rate of 83.52%.
Collective actions to support sustainable aquaculture: Evidence from brackish water ponds area in Aceh Tamiang
Authors: Zulham Armen , Shafitri Nensyana , Wardono Budi , Pramoda Radytio , Yuliati Cristina , Heri Purnomo Agus
Published: November 2023

Our research focuses on establishing and improving farmers’ organization in areas with brackish water aquaculture. This research aims to promote sustainable aquaculture enterprises in Aceh Tamiang by engaging fish farmer organizations and promoting collective action. Managing a brackish water region covering a total land area of 3,624.5 hectares requires collective action measures. There is no local governing body that manages water resources or the environment and surroundings of the ponds. Farmers who require knowledge about pond waste and sediment management in the context of fish farming can better understand pond season planting techniques. We selected two villages from the four sub-districts of Aceh Tamiang to gather relevant data from April to May 2021. We comprehensively investigated the brackish aquaculture in Sungai Kuruk III, located in the Seruway sub-district. Our study recommends the formation of a collective entity called Gapokkan, where groups of brackish water fish producers from various villages in Aceh Tamiang can collaborate and unite. Gapokkan can effectively address various difficulties associated with brackish water pond areas to achieve sustainable aquaculture in Aceh Tamiang.
Effect of different salinity levels on megalopa Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798) rearing to the crablet production
Authors: Gunarto Gunarto , Herlinah Herlinah , Rante Tampangalo Bunga
Published: November 2023

The salinity level for the culture of megalopae affects crablet production. The research aimed to determine the optimum salinity level for the megalopa of S. tranquebarica rearing. Nine aquariums randomly selected and filled with sterile seawater, have different salinity levels (A. 29-30 ppt, B. 27-28 ppt, and C. 25-26 ppt) used for megalopae rearing. Each aquarium is stocked with 30 individuals of megalopa. Each treatment with three replications. Crumble pellets and Artemia nauplii are given as feed for megalopae. Monitoring in each treatment consists of total hemocytes, the osmolality of megalopae and water media, osmotic level, Vibrio spp, total bacteria, and crablet production. The osmolality rate of megalopa hemolymph was highest at the salinity of 25-26 ppt. The lowest osmotic level at the salinity of 29-30 ppt. The total bacteria population at salinity 29-30 ppt was lower (p<0.05) than at salinity 27-28 ppt and 25-26 ppt. Consequently, the Vibrio spp population was higher at 29-30 ppt salinity. The total hemocytes of megalopae at a salinity of 27-28 ppt were higher (p<0.05) than the total hemocytes at a salinity of 25-26 ppt and 29-30 ppt. Therefore, the most increased crablet production in the megalopa reared at the salinity of 27 28 ppt.
Growth performance and nutritional impact of Moringa oleifera leaf extract as supplemental diets in the juvenile pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Joko Purnomo Sugeng , Taslihan Arief , Suryati  , Soetanti Endah , Arifin Zaenal , Sahidhir Ibnu
Published: November 2023

Moringa (Moringa oleifera) is widely recognized for its potent medicinal properties and immunostimulant effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a hot water extract of moringa leaves on the growth performance, feed conversion ratio, and survival of pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei. Four different diets were used in this experiment, each containing varying levels of moringa leaf extract: 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g/kg of the diet. A total of 1,200 shrimp, with an initial body weight of 0.01 g/individual, were carefully selected to ensure they were free from Vibrio infestation. One hundred shrimp were placed in each circular tank, with a volume of 750 L or 133 individuals per cubic meter. The shrimp were fed the diets four times daily, with a protein content ranging from 13% to 39%, over a period of 30 days. The results of the study revealed that the growth performance and survival rate of the shrimp in the groups that were fed diets supplemented with moringa were significantly higher than those in the control group (without moringa supplementation). The highest growth performance, in terms of specific growth rate, weight gain, and final weight, was observed in the groups of shrimps that were fed diets containing either 2.5 g or 5 g of moringa leaf extract per kilogram of the diet (p<0.05). Furthermore, the diet containing 2.5 g of moringa leaf extract per kilogram resulted in the highest survival rate compared to the other treatment groups. Therefore, it can be concluded that the optimal level of moringa in the diet of vannamei shrimp is 2.5 g/kg of the diet.
Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performances and digestive enzymes activities in grouper (Epinephelus coioides)
Authors: Putra Abdul Samad Agus , Syahrial Syahrial , Wira Hadinata Fitra , Yanto Nopri , Tri Agustini Nella , Gustiana Cut , Anzitha Silvia
Published: November 2023

This study investigates the effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and digestive enzymes activities in grouper (Epinephelus coioides). Furthermore, grouper juveniles (8.63±0.47 g) were separated into ten groups and cultivated in a 100-L tank. Five groups were fed in different protein levels of 35, 40, 45, 50, and 55% protein, while the remaining were fed in different lipid levels of 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14% lipid. All experimental diets were mixed with 1.0% Sauropus androgynus extract. The fishes were sampled for digestive enzyme activities at 1, 4, and 7 days. The results showed that fish receiving 55% protein affected the growth and increased the activities of protease, lipase, carboxypeptidase A (CPA), and carboxypeptidase B (CPB). Liver tissue included higher levels of lipase, as well as carboxypeptidase A and B, while digestive tract tissue contained measurable levels of protease. In conclusion, the administration of grouper juveniles with S. androgynus extract can affect growth performances and increase digestive enzyme activities.
Growth, mortality, and exploitation rate of spadenose shark (Scoliodon laticaudus) landed at PPI Dumai, Riau Province
Authors: Sibagariang Rina D. , Batubara Ummi M. , Wibowo M. Arief , Metalisa Rindi
Published: November 2023

The IUCN Red List most recently evaluated the spadenose shark (Scoliodon laticaudus) in 2005 and classed it as near threatened. The research was done at fish landing locations at PPI Dumai between May and July 2023. The goal of this study is estimating spadenose shark growth, mortality, and exploitation rates. Total length and total weight were the kind of information that were collected. The frequency distribution formula was used to assess the frequency of fish length. The FISAT II program’s ELEFAN 1 was used to examine fish growth parameters. The result showed that there were 1103 fishes (590 females and 513 males) captured. The total length (TL) of spadenose sharks in May, June, and July respectively obtained the range between 251-470; 218-500, and 279-485 mmTL with a maximum length of 500 mmTL. With an assumed coefficient of determination (R2) of 0,68, the relationship between total weight (in g) and total length (in mm) for the combined sexes is estimated as W = 0,0001TL2,4582. The growth pattern of spadenose shark is negative allometric. Asymptotic length (L∞) = 578,2 TL, growth rate (K) = 0,51 y-1, and theoretical age at length 0 (t0) = -0,86 y were found as estimates of the growth parameters. Total mortality (Z) was 2,24 y-1, with natural mortality (M) at 0,52 y-1 and fishing mortality (F) at 1,72 y-1. The exploitation rate (E) for this fish was 0,77y-1, which indicates high levels of exploitation.
Production, biomass, and turnover of exploited mangrove clams (Geloina expansa, Mousson 1849) in Kendari Bay mangrove forest, Southeast Sulawesi Indonesia
Authors: Bahtiar  , Permatahati Yustika Intan , Findra Muhammad Nur , Fekri Latifa
Published: November 2023

Geloina expansa is a front-runner commodity of the mangrove ecosystem. This species is notably experiencing ecological pressures in Kendari Bay. Accordingly, this study aims to determine their production, biomass, and turnover in the mangrove ecosystem. This research is hoped to provide empirical information that will aid in the formulation of the management strategy of mangrove clam resources in Southeast Sulawesi. Clam samples were collected at random in three selected sampling areas using a 1x1 m2 quadrat-transect sampling approach. The clams were measured for their shell length, total weight and weight of fresh meat. The clam meat was dried to obtain a shell-free dry mass. The production, biomass, and turnover of the clams were calculated using standard formulas. The population density of the clams ranged from 23.78 ind/m2 (October) to 77.44 ind/m2 (February), where the remaining months of observations showed similar values throughout. The clams biomass population in each size class ranged from 0.04 to 4.95 g/m2. The somatic production, as per the dry weight showed the highest value at 6.9 cm shell length (2.01g/m2/year). The lowest individual somatic production was found in the shell width of 9.7 cm (0.55 g/m2/year). The turnover rate (P/B) of the mangrove clam was 1.73/year. The density of the mangrove clams in the mangrove forest in Kendari Bay was found to be high. This was accompanied by high productions in the young or small-sized groups, peaking at a size smaller than the size where peak biomass was found.
Mangrove ecosystem conditions in Batu Bara district (case study in Lima Puluh Pesisir, Talawi and Tanjung Tiram sub-district)
Authors: Rumondang Rumondang , Feliatra Feli , Warningsih Trisla , Yoswati Dessy
Published: November 2023

The decline mangroves in the Districts of Lima Puluh Pesisir, Talawi, and Tanjung Tiram is caused by the lack of knowledge and understanding of the community about the importance of mangroves for life. This study aims to determine the condition of the mangrove ecosystem in the Batu Bara District. The data collection method was carried out by conducting a location survey to determine the sampling points used as research sites by using a quadratic transect. The results of the study was found 20 types of mangroves. Based on the results of satellite imagery in 2013, there are 3 districts with a total mangrove area of 1,323.5 ha. The highest important value index (INP) for trees at station 1, Lima Puluh Pesisir District, namely the Avicennia marina type of 17.77%, Important value index (INP) at station 2 Talawi District for the highest tree, namely the Bruguiera cylindrical type of 14.45% and The important value index (INP) at station 3 of Tanjung Tiram District for the highest tree was the Avicennia marina type of 20.51%.In 2013-2022 in the District of Lima Puluh Pesisir there has been a change in the area of mangroves, namely a reduction in area of 236.84 Ha.
Building Vulnerability Analysis Due to Tsunami by Using Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA): A Case Study of Pelabuhan Ratu, Sukabumi
Authors: Ario Fauzan , Pratama Celvin , Adipura Dhimas Thoriq Rizki , Rasyif Teuku Muhammad , Mahlil Teuku , Januriyadi Nurul Fajar
Published: November 2023

Cities that vulnerable to tsunamis, including the village of Pelabuhan Ratu on the southern coast of West Java, Indonesia, are in dire need of adequate vertical evacuation structures. However, constraints regarding to limited funding and difficulties in finding affordable land have hindered the implementation efforts of such structures in several cities. This research aims to analyze building vulnerability to tsunami disasters and identify buildings that can serve as alternative tsunami evacuation options based on Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis (PTHA) in Pelabuhan Ratu. The research methodology involves mapping the Modified Building Tsunami Vulnerability (BTV) and connecting the numerical simulation results with fragility curves assumed for the Pelabuhan Ratu area. The numerical simulations were conducted using the Cornell Multi-Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT). Various tsunami scenarios triggered by earthquakes with different magnitudes ranging from 8.5 to 9.0, with intervals of 0.1, were considered in the numerical simulations. The research findings indicates high probability of maximum tsunami height reaching 14.85 meters in a return period of 10,000 years, and 51.77 meters in return period of 30,000 years. Based on these results, it was found that a three-story minimarket built with concrete could be used as an evacuation facility in a 10,000-year return period.
Performance Evaluation of DualSPHysics and COMCOT Programs through Numerical Testing for Simulating Tsunami Propagation and Overtopping on Seawalls
Authors: Zuliansah Ahmad Bagus Reza , Windujati Umboro , Rasyif Teuku Muhammad , Mahlil Teuku , Januriyadi Nurul Fajar
Published: November 2023

A tsunami is a destructive wave that can cause massive damage to coastal infrastructure. One of the disaster mitigation measures that can be chosen is the construction of coastal protection infrastructure, such as a seawall. Seawalls play a crucial role in protecting coastal areas as they can reduce wave energy and minimize the impact of tsunami-induced damage. However, during the 2011 Japan tsunami, the seawall built in Taro city failed as it proved to be less effective in handling the tsunami waves. The research conducted aims to model the propagation and overtopping of tsunami waves on the seawall, initially carried out through physical laboratory experiments, and later transformed into numerical test models using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method and the Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model. In this study, the parameters being compared include wave height, wave propagation, and overtopping on the seawall under two scenarios : the run-up of solitary waves on a shore without a seawall and the overtopping condition with a seawall using the Solitary Wave generation type, following the experiments conducted by Huang et al en 2022. Several parameters in the laboratory case study should be considered to expand our understanding of the systematically discussed tsunami propagation and overtopping processes and evaluate the capabilities of the SPH and COMCOT models.
Application of Spatial Model for Potential Flood Hazard Susceptibility at Trumon Area, South Aceh Regency of Indonesia
Authors: Meilianda Ella , Alfian Dedy , Nurnalisa Fitri Z. , Rizalihadi Maimun , Ziana Ziana
Published: November 2023

Indonesia is currently embarking on a transition from a ‘risk retention’ to a ‘risk transfer’ strategy for managing the impact of disaster events. The risk transfer strategy, i.e., insurance policy and protection, requires high-level preliminary risk assessment, which requires detailed attention and analysis in producing hazard mapping. Improvement of methods requires, preferably, the non-deterministic index method in a GIS environment, to produce reasonably good quality hazard susceptibility mapping. Recently, a new spatial method has been developed to improve the parameterization of the spatial analysis method for watershed-scale flood hazard susceptibility mapping. Those parameters, which include the Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Rainfall Intensity (R), Distance to rivers (D), Altitude (A), Land use (L), and Soil type (S), configure the proposed method called “TWIRDALS”. The present study aims at testing the spatial model TWIRDALS watershed at the Trumon Area, South Aceh Regency, Sumatra Island, Indonesia. Historical flood events associated with the watershed have escalated over the last 25 years in the Trumon watershed. Several steps of geospatial analysis in this study use multi-temporal satellite imagery from 1995 to 2021 to identify area changes in land use rendering over the watershed. The satellite imagery interpretation reveals a remarkable land use change, particularly of the previously 2130 ha of peatland forest observed in 1996, to become a 10,000 ha palm oil plantation in 2021. This current situation has made the Trumon area the recipient of more frequent floods, i.e., from a five-year return period to an annual event.