bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage to endotracheal cuff inflation tube by harmonic scalpel in tonsillectomy leading to compromised airway
Authors: Azimee Asfar , Thounaojam Dinesh Singh
Published: April 2016

Use of harmonic scalpel has increased in the recent past for different surgical procedures. We report a case of damage to an endotracheal tube inflation line in a 47 year old female patient who underwent elective tonsillectomy due to harmonic scalpel. Pre-anaesthetic evaluation of the patient revealed no abnormalities. The patient’s trachea was intubated via nasal route with a cuffed north facing Ring, Adair and Elwyn tube of 7.0 mm internal diameter. The cuff was inflated after confirmation of tracheal placement of tube and pharyngeal packing was done. After 30 minutes of surgery, the bellows of the ventilator were collapsing. Suspecting a leak an attempt was made to inflate the cuff, which revealed high resistance in inflation tube. Surgeon was immediately asked to stop the surgery. Check laryngoscopy revealed damage to cuff inflation tube which was sealed by harmonic scalpel in semi-inflated condition. Anticipating that the tracheal extubation in that inflated position would result in vocal cord trauma, a 23 gauge spinal needle attached to 5ml syringe was introduced under direct laryngoscopic guidance. The cuff was punctured and air aspirated so as to deflate the cuff. The tube was taken out and was replaced. The surgery continued for next one hour, was uneventful and trachea extubated at completion.
Benign intracranial hypotension caused by spontaneous cervical cerebrospinal fluid leak treated with cervical epidural blood patch: a case report
Authors: Acharya Subhash Prasad , Parajuli Bashu Dev , Aryal Diptesh
Published: April 2016

Spontaneous cervical cerebrospinal fluid leak is a rare entity and occurs because of tear in cervical dural layer. Management has been conservative in the past but here we present this case that was managed successfully with cervical epidural blood patch. A 36-year-old man presented to neurology outpatient clinic with headache in occipito-frontal region and dizziness for 15 days and managed with various modalities without benefit. The severity of headache increased in standing and sitting position but relieved in supine position. There was no history of trauma, fever, photophobia, neck pain, tinnitus, weakness of other parts. Clinical examinations including neurological examinations were normal. So, magnetic resonance imaging of head and neck was obtained which showed dural leak in C3-C4 region. Adequate hydration, caffeine and oral medications were prescribed without benefit and then after 5 days, Anesthesiology department was consulted and was planned for cervical epidural blood patch. Under aseptic precaution in left lateral position with full neck flexion, 18g Tuohy needle was inserted in C5-C6 epidural space by loss of resistance technique to air, and 15 ml of the autologous blood was injected. Then patient was kept in supine position for 24 hours and neurological status was monitored frequently. Over the next two days, patient became asymptomatic and was discharged. The patient was regularly followed up weekly for six weeks and then monthly for six months and had no reoccurrence of symptoms or other findings.
Attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation with dexmedetomidine: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pokhrel Nabin , Bajracharya Uday Bajra
Published: April 2016

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation causes marked increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Even though various agent tried to blunt the hemodynamic response but none of them proved to be an ideal. The aim of the study was to compare dexmedetomidine and placebo in blunting the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.Methods: A randomized placebo controlled study with total of 90 patients were included in the study of which 30 patients received dexmedetomidine (Group D) 10 minutes prior to endotracheal intubation and 30 patients received 3 ml Normal Saline (Group C) 10 minutes prior to endotracheal intubation. They were evaluated with change in heart rate and mean arterial pressure at 1, 3 and 5 minutes post laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Any adverse effect of the drug was noted. Results: Age, gender, physical status and weight were comparable between the groups. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure attenuated significantly in dexmedetomidine group (p<0.001 in 1, 3 and 5 minute intervals respectively), whereas placebo failed to attenuate hemodynamic response after laryngoscopy and intubation in any measured interval. No complications were noted. Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg given 10 min prior to endotracheal intubation significantly attenuates heart rate and mean arterial pressure at 1, 3 and 5 minutes compared to placebo.
Ultrasound guided continuous transversus abdominis plane block for postoperative analgesia after caesarean delivery in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Rayamajhi Anuj Jung , Bhattarai Prajjwal Raj , Paudel Subash Chandra
Published: April 2016

Ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block is an extremely attractive technique ensuring adequate perioperative analgesia. The use of ultrasound has enhanced the accuracy of local anaesthetic deposition in the plane between internal oblique and transversus abdominis, thereby blocking the spinal nerves more effectively and hence enhancing the efficacy of analgesia. Pregnancy is associated with higher frequency of arrhythmias in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and poor perioperative pain management may contribute to life threatening arrhythmias. We report a case of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome posted for elective caesarean section, managed successfully under regional anesthesia with transverses abdominis plane block. The block and catheter were deposited under ultrasound guidance with continuous infusion of 0.2% of ropivacaine was used for postoperative pain relief.  Dexmetedomidine was also used as intravenous adjunct at titrated dose of 0.4-0.6 mics/kg/min to attenuate maternal hormonal and hemodynamics during surgery.
Anaesthesia in outreach surgical camps: more of arts than science
Authors: Bhattarai Balkrishna
Published: April 2016

People living in mountainous districts of a country like Nepal have little or no access to basic medical and surgical care facilities. The limited care they receive is through outreach camps organized time to time by governmental and several non-governmental organizations. For patient safety reasons organizing surgical outreach camps is logistically very challenging. Providing safe anaesthesia in such setting is even more challenging. The anaesthetic cares provided in such settings have mostly been guided by the experience of the anaesthesiologists in the team. Based on the accumulated evidence and experience of the author, this article intends to give an outline of planning, organizing and executing anaesthetic care in surgical outreach camps in remote difficult terrains of a country like Nepal.
Chemical and bioactive diversities of marine sponge Neopetrosia
Authors: Qaralleh Haitham
Published: April 2016

The marine sponge Neopetrosia contains about 27 species that is highly distributed in Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean Sea) and Pacific Ocean. It has proven to be valuable to the discovery of medicinal products due to the presence of various types of compounds with variable bio-activities. More than 85 compounds including alkaloids, quinones, sterols and terpenoids were isolated from this genus. Moreover, the crude extracts and the isolated compounds revealed activities such as antimicrobial, anti-fouling, anti-HIV, cytotoxic, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-protozoal, anti-inflammatory. Because only 9 out of 27 species of the genus Neopetrosia have been chemically studied thus far, there are signiﬁcant opportunities to ﬁnd out new chemical constituents from this genus.

 
Medical students’ perception of the proposal for theme-based integrated multi-disciplinary objective structured practical examination in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hassan Mohammad Saleh , Yacoubi Amel
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to find the opinion of preclinical medical students concerning a new suggested approach for practical assessment. Fifty-three female students agreed to participate in this study, out of 87 registered students in years 2 and 3 of the basic science phase of the College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Full explanation was made to the students of theme-based integrated objective structured practical examination (TBI-OSPE), followed by distribution of a questionnaire to collect the students’ opinions. The study was conducted in January 2015. Results showed that 78% of respondents were accepting of this new approach, and that only 5.7% rejected it. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). This study suggested a new model for assessment of preclinical students’ competencies using the proposed tool (TBI-OSPE) rather than standard classical OSPE, particularly in curricula involving high levels of integration and theme-based problems. This form of assessment would more positively enhance learning.
Randomized study of effectiveness of computerized ultrasound simulators for an introductory course for residents in Brazil
Authors: Silva Jack Philip , Plescia Trevor , Molina Nathan , Tonelli Ana Claudia de Oliveira , Langdorf Mark , Fox John Christian
Published: April 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the impact of ultrasound simulation (SonoSim) on educational outcomes of an introductory point-of-care ultrasound course compared to hands-on training with live models alone. Methods: Fifty-three internal medicine residents without ultrasound experience were randomly assigned to control or experimental groups. They participated in an introductory point-of-care ultrasound course covering eight topics in eight sessions from June 23, 2014 until July 18, 2014. Both participated in lecture and hands-on training, but experimental group received an hour of computerized simulator training instead of a second hour of hands-on training. We assessed clinical knowledge and image acquisition with written multiple-choice and practical exams, respectively. Of the 53 enrolled, 40 participants (75.5%) completed the course and all testing. Results: For the 30-item written exam, mean score of the experimental group was 23.1±3.4 (n=21) vs. 21.8±4.8 (n=19), (P>0 .05). For the practical exam, mean score for both groups was 8.7 out of 16 (P>0 .05). Conclusion: The substitution of eight hours of ultrasound simulation training for live model scanning in a 24 hour training course did not enhance performance on written and image acquisition tests in an introductory ultrasound course for residents. This result suggests that ultrasound simulation technology used as a substitute for live model training on an hour-for-hour basis, did not improve learning outcomes. Further investigation into simulation as a total replacement for live model training will provide a clearer picture of the efficacy of ultrasound simulators in medical education.
Economic differences among regional public service broadcasters in Spain according to their management model. An empirical analysis for period 2010-2013
Authors: Orive Serrano Víctor , Latorre Martínez María , Artero Muñoz Juan
Published: April 2016

Purpose: This piece of research quantifies and analyses empirically the given economic differences among public service television in Spain according to the adopted management model (classic or outsourced). Design/methodology/approach: In so doing, an average contrast of different economic variables studied in the literature is conducted (audience share, total assets, public subsidies, cost of personnel, suppliers spending and profit after taxes). In addition, these variables are related so as to calculate productivity obtained by each two groups of television operators. This analysis is conducted for period 2010-2013, featured by a crisis context in the Spanish economy. Findings: Management model adopted by each regional broadcaster impacts on different economic variables as obtained share, total assets, public subsidies, cost of personnel, suppliers spending or profit after taxes. Moreover, those public corporations adopting an outsourced management model present better productivity values. Research limitations/implications: Only one country has been analyzed for a 4 years period. Practical implications: Regional public service broadcasters with an outsourced model present less economic losses and require less public subsidies by their corresponding regional governments. Social implications: Outsourcing part of the value chain can be useful so as to guarantee sustainability of regional public service television. Originality/value: It has been proven empirically that the management model of a regional public service television impacts its economic results.
Académicos gestores en la universidad actual: Desafíos y aprendizajes
Authors: Sánchez-Moreno Marita , Altopiedi Mariana
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The article presents and discusses some findings derived from a research project about University academic management, and it is focused on the identification of principal clues –even related to subjects and methodology– for the design of training programmes on this task.Design/methodology/approach: The research design adopted a qualitative approach and contemplated the development of in-depth interviews to 71 academic managers at the university who were valued as good in that task, in three Spanish Universities –Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULP), Universidad de Lleida (UdL) y Universidad de Sevilla (US). Data were analyzed using MAXQDA.11 and their interpretations were contrasted with the opinions obtained in a second round of interviews with 15 of those managers.Findings: Results allows to identify some kind of “vital cycle” in academic managers, inform about their reasons to continue in their managing charges, about their worries related to interpersonal relationships and conflict management, as well as about the recognized need of receiving a specific training for academic management, based on an active an participative methodology which can promote a practical learning.Research limitations/implications: The most important limitations of the study have to do with two unrelated issues. First of them, from a methodological point of view, is related to the limited number of participants. Second of them derives of the changing environment in which management and government model of Spanish is changing. This could probably affect the value and the interest showed by a academics on University management.Practical implications: According to one of the original mains of the study, a training program for academics in university management was already designed and developed.Social implications: The development of training Programs on University management as the one derived from the commented study would represent a contribution for the improvement of Universities’ functioning.Originality/value: Taking into account the limited number of training programs based on empirical evidenced training needs, the relevance of the proposals derived from this study is reinforced.
Productividad de recursos humanos, innovación de producto y desempeño exportador: Una investigación empírica
Authors: Reina Valle Rafael
Published: April 2016

Purpose: The objective of this research is to examine the relationships between human resource (HR) productivity, product innovation, and export performance of the Spanish manufacturing SMEs. Our central proposition is that HR productivity enables the development of product innovation to increase firms’ export performance.Design/methodology: The proposed conceptual model, is tested using the technique of variance-based structural equation modeling and the estimation method of partial least squares, on a sample of 858 Spanish manufacturing SMEs.Findings: The empirical analysis supports our theory.Research limitations/implications: This research only focuses on the role of product, innovation in the relationship between HR productivity and export performance. Further research may study the mediating role of organizational capabilities based on other types of innovation (e.g., process, organizational, or marketing innovation).Practical implications: Suggest to entrepreneurs of SMEs, that increased HR productivity can lead to such impacts are captured by innovation, resulting in the generation of new products, which will lead demand shocks, and consequently a higher increase in firms’ exports.Originality/value: This research explains conceptually and empirically shows, that product innovation is a key intermediate mechanism, through which the Spanish manufacturing SME can increase its export results by exploiting the productivity of its talent base.
Anthropogenically Induced Shifts in N:P:Si Stoichiometry and Implications in Ganga River
Authors: Pandey Jitendra , Tripathi Shraddha , Pandey Usha
Published: April 2016

Human-induced N:P:Si imbalances and associated shifts in nutrient limitation in Ganga River remain relatively uncertain despite recent studies highlighting its importance. The goal of this watershed-scale study was to investigate the nutrient-limiting status of Ganga River, as influenced by atmospheric deposition (AD) and catchment runoff together with urban–industrial development. AD was highest in middle watershed, where AD of NO3– ranged from 10.56 to 28.93, AD of NH4+ from 4.26 to 15.42, and AD of PO43- from 1.82 to 2.94 kg ha-1 year-1. The results showed that AD-coupled catchment runoff is an important factor, in addition to direct urban–industrial release, causing N:P:Si imbalances that lead to N over P limitation (N:P < 16:1) and Si over N limitation (Si:N < 1) in the river. The skewed N:P:Si ratios observed here may have important effects on phytoplankton/diatom growth and trophic cascades and consequently on river ecology. This study that forms the first report on changing atmosphere–land–water N:P:Si linkages suggests that the current policy on Ganga rejuvenation needs to focus more strongly on cross-domain drivers of stoichiometric imbalances and approaches to minimize them.
Genome Sequencing and Evolutionary Analysis of Marine Gut Fungus Aspergillus sp. Z5 from Ligia oceanica
Authors: Li Xue , Xu Jin-Zhong , Wang Wen-Jie , Chen Yi-Wang , Zheng Dao-Qiong , Di Ya-Nan , Li Ping , Wang Pin-Mei , Li Yu-Dong
Published: April 2016

Aspergillus sp. Z5, isolated from the gut of marine isopods, produces prolific secondary metabolites with new structure and bioactivity. Here, we report the draft sequence of the approximately 33.8-Mbp genome of this strain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first genome sequence of Aspergillus strain isolated from marine isopod Ligia oceanica. The phylogenetic analysis supported that this strain was closely related to A. versicolor, and genomic analysis revealed that Aspergillus sp. Z5 shared a high degree of colinearity with the genome of A. sydowii. Our results may facilitate studies on discovering the biosynthetic pathways of secondary metabolites and elucidating their evolution in this species.
Current View of microRNA Processing
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Yan Wei
Published: April 2016

Small evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate gene expression either by translational repression or by mRNA degradation in mammals. miRNAs play functional roles in diverse physiological and pathological processes. miRNA processing is accurately regulated through multifarious factors. The canonical miRNA processing pathway consists of four sequential steps: (a) miRNA gene is transcribed into primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) mainly by RNA polymerase II; (b) pri-miRNA is processed into precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) through microprocessor complex; (c) pre-miRNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm with the assistance of Exportin 5 (EXP5/XP05) protein; and (d) pre-miRNA is further processed into mature miRNA via Dicer. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that some miRNAs undergo alternative processing pathways. Dysregulation of miRNA processing is closely related to tumorigenesis. Here, we review the current advances in the knowledge of miRNA processing and briefly discuss its impact on human cancers.
Role of Fear Domain Match and Baseline Bias in Interpretation Training for Contamination Fear
Authors: Beadel Jessica R. , Ritchey Fiona C. , Teachman Bethany A.
Published: April 2016

Cognitive Bias Modification for anxious interpretations (CBM-I) is a computerized training program designed to reduce threatening interpretations of ambiguous information. In addition to testing the efficacy of CBM-I for contamination fear on various cognitive outcomes and emotional vulnerability, the current study examined whether the content of CBM-I must match a person's fear domain to be efficacious, and examined the moderating role of preexisting interpretation bias on CBM-I's efficacy. Participants (n = 121) high in contamination fear were assigned to one session of either CBM-I focused on contamination fear content, CBM-I focused on height fear content, or a sham control condition. Planned contrasts indicated that fear domain match does tend to enhance CBM-I's effects: compared to the heights condition, those in the contamination training condition improved on five of the eight cognitive bias-related variables, though there was no change on measures of emotional vulnerability. In contrast, there was little difference between the heights training and sham conditions. Minimal evidence was found for baseline interpretation bias as a moderator. Results support the use of CBM-I that matches the fear domain of the participant, regardless of baseline bias level.
Systematic review of antibiotic treatment for acute calculous cholecystitis
Authors: van Dijk A H , de Reuver P R , Tasma T N , van Dieren S , Hugh T J , Boermeester M A
Published: April 2016

Background

Intravenous antibiotics are frequently used in the initial management of acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC), although supportive care alone preceding delayed elective cholecystectomy may be sufficient. This systematic review assessed the success rate of antibiotics in the treatment of ACC.

Methods

A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases was performed. Primary outcomes were the need for emergency intervention and recurrence of ACC after initial non-operative management of ACC. Risk of bias was assessed. Pooled event rates were calculated using a random-effects model.

Results

Twelve randomized trials, four prospective and ten retrospective studies were included. Only one trial including 84 patients compared treatment with antibiotics to that with no antibiotics; there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of length of hospital stay and morbidity. Some 5830 patients with ACC were included, of whom 2997 had early cholecystectomy, 2791 received initial antibiotic treatment, and 42 were treated conservatively. Risk of bias was high in most studies, and all but three studies had a low level of evidence. For randomized studies, pooled event rates were 15 (95 per cent c.i. 10 to 22) per cent for the need for emergency intervention and 10 (5 to 20) per cent for recurrence of ACC. The pooled event rate for both outcomes combined was 20 (13 to 30) per cent.

Conclusion

Antibiotics are not indicated for the conservative management of ACC or in patients scheduled for cholecystectomy.
ChemInform Abstract: New Environment for a Two‐Dimensional Topological Insulator with Hexagonal Channels Hosting Diiodido‐Bismuthate(I) Anions in a Singlet State.
Authors: Rasche Bertold , Van den Broek Wouter , Ruck Michael
Published: April 2016

Bi38Pt9I14 (I) is obtained as the major product aside of minor amounts of Bi2Pt by annealing mixtures of Bi, Pt, and BiI3 (290 °C, 1 week).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Three New Layered Vanadium Tellurites, MVTe2O8 (M: Al, Ga, and Mn): Three‐Dimensional (3‐D) Antiferromagnetic Behavior of MnVTe2O8 with a Zigzag S = 2 Spin Chain.
Authors: Bae Su‐whan , Yoo Jisun , Lee Suheon , Choi Kwang Yong , Ok Kang Min
Published: April 2016

The isostructural compounds (IVa, b) and (VII) crystallize in the space group P21/n with Z = 4 (single crystal and powder XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Indium versus Gold Catalysis in Dehydrative Reactions with Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Webster Stacey , Schaefer Louise , Barker Graeme , Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: April 2016

Indium(III) chloride is a more efficient catalyst than gold catalysts in dehydrative reactions of allylic alcohols with alcohols, thioacid, and thiophenols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Chemoselective α‐Aminoxylation of Aryl Ketones: A Cross Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Bu4NI.
Authors: Siddaraju Yogesh , Prabhu Kandikere Ramaiah
Published: April 2016

Diethyl ketone, acetophenone as well as benzoylacetone do not yield the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Intramolecular Ketone Alkylation with Olefins by Dual Activation.
Authors: Lim Hee Nam , Dong Guangbin
Published: April 2016

The ruthenium‐catalyzed Conia‐ene‐type intramolecular cyclization of keto olefins (I) and (V) gives rise to cyclohexane (II) and decalinone (VI), whilst rhodium catalysts are used for the formation of five‐membered ring in compounds (IV), (VIII), (X), and (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reinvestigation of a Catalytic, Enantioselective Alkene Dibromination and Chlorohydroxylation.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Carson Nessa
Published: April 2016

Thorough reinvestigation of the title reactions reveals that in contrast to previously published results the reactions do not deliver the products in very high yields and with high to very high enantiomeric excesses, but in often significantly lower yields and with no enantioselectivity at all.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Catalyzed Synthesis of α‐Trifluoromethyl Esters and Lactones by Electrophilic Trifluoromethylation.
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Matousek Vaclav , Koller Raffael , Togni Antonio
Published: April 2016

The utility of the scalable protocol is demonstrated by further transformation of one lactone product via ring opening reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Anilides via Copper‐Catalyzed C—N Coupling of α‐Hydroxyamides with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Li Zhijie , Wen Quan , Zhou Lihong , Deng Xingmei , Zeng Qingle
Published: April 2016

Various aryl and alkyl substituted α‐hydroxyamides are successfully coupled with aryl bromides and iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Amidation Reaction of Organoboronic Esters and Isocyanates.
Authors: Lew Tedrick Thomas Salim , Lim Diane Shu Wen , Zhang Yugen
Published: April 2016

Various amides are simply and efficiently synthesized from organoboronic esters (II) and isocyanates using a ligand‐free copper(I) catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Structurally Diverse π‐Extended Conjugated Polycarbo‐ and Heterocycles Through Pd‐Catalyzed Autotandem Cascades.
Authors: Barroso Raquel , Cabal Maria‐Paz , Badia‐Laino Rosana , Valdes Carlos
Published: April 2016

The Pd‐catalyzed reaction between 2,2′‐dibromobiphenyls and related systems with tosylhydrazones gives rise to novel π‐extended conjugated polycarbo‐ and heterocycles through an auto‐tandem process involving a cross‐coupling followed by an intramolecular Heck cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of β‐Trifluoromethyl‐β‐amino Acids, Including Highly Sterically Constrained α,α‐Dialkyl Derivatives.
Authors: Dai Yanling , Xie Chen , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Pan Yi
Published: April 2016

Title compounds are synthesized via Mannich addition reaction of chiral trifluoroacetaldimine and lithium enolates of alkyl acetates.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen‐Bond Directed Regioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation: The Construction of Chiral α‐Amino Acids with Vicinal Tertiary and Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Wei Xuan , Liu Delong , An Qianjin , Zhang Wanbin
Published: April 2016

The scalable title reaction of azlactones with 4‐aryl, 4‐alkenyl or 4‐alkyl‐substituted vinyl‐1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐ones provides the amino acid products with excellent regio‐ and diastereoselectivities and often very high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: DBU‐Mediated Metal‐Free Oxidative Cyanation of α‐Amino Carbonyl Compounds: Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant.
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Qian , Liu Pei , Meng Hua , Kan Xing‐Lan , Liu Qun , Zhao Yu‐Long
Published: April 2016

This DBU‐mediated oxidative cyanation of α‐amino carbonyl compounds using air as the sole oxidant involves a tandem oxidation/Strecker reaction/oxidation process and provides an efficient method for the construction of α‐iminonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Activation of Silyl Acetals: Iridium‐Catalyzed Reductive Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Olefination.
Authors: Dakarapu Udaya Sree , Bokka Apparao , Asgari Parham , Trog Gabriela , Hua Yuanda , Nguyen Hiep H. , Rahman Nawal , Jeon Junha
Published: April 2016

A convenient scalable transformation of multiple challenging aryl, hetaryl, alkyl, and alkinyl esters as well as diesters into silyl acetals and the in‐situ transformation of the latter into enoates is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Initiation of Radical Thiol—Ene Reactions Using Bismuth Oxide.
Authors: Fadeyi Olugbeminiyi O. , Mousseau James J. , Feng Yiqing , Allais Christophe , Nuhant Philippe , Chen Ming Z. , Pierce Betsy , Robinson Ralph
Published: April 2016

The reaction has a vast substrate scope and tolerates multiple functional groups, thus allowing for the diversification of complex biomolecules and active pharmaceutical agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Terpene Auxiliaries III: Spiroborate Esters from (1R,2S,3R,5R)‐3‐Amino‐apopinan‐2‐ol as Highly Effective Catalysts for Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones with Borane.
Authors: Cwiklinska Marta , Krzeminski Marek P. , Tafelska‐Kaczmarek Agnieszka
Published: April 2016

Spiroborate esters derived from terpene amino alcohols, (S)‐prolinol, and 2‐aminoethanol are employed as catalysts in the borane reduction of acetophenone and other aryl alkyl as well as halogenated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldoximes and Primary Amides Using XtalFluor‐E.
Authors: Keita Massaba , Vandamme Mathilde , Paquin Jean‐Francois
Published: April 2016

A broad range of aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl, benzyl, and alkyl substituted aldoximes as well as primary amides is successfully transformed into the corresponding nitriles, with the aldoximes often providing higher product yields than the amides.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydration of Aldoximes Using PhSe(O)OH as the Pre‐Catalyst in Air.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Sun Jingjing , Ding Yuanhua , Yu Lei
Published: April 2016

The reaction tolerates aryl, hetaryl, and alkyl substituted aldoxime substrates while delivering equally high or significantly higher product yields than previously developed methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Decarbonylative Heck‐Type Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes with Terminal Alkenes.
Authors: Kang Lei , Zhang Feng , Ding Lin‐Ting , Yang Luo
Published: April 2016

The coupling of various readily available aromatic aldehydes with terminal alkenes leads to 1,2‐disubstituted alkenes with good regioselectivity and in most cases a E:Z ratio of <20:1.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Green Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzothiazole Analogues as Potent Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Chhabra Mohit , Sinha Sohini , Banerjee Swagata , Paira Priyankar
Published: April 2016

A novel and green approach for the synthesis of the title benzothiazole derivatives (III) is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Reactions of Acetoacetanilide Derivatives with Aromatic Aldehydes and Cyanomethylene Reagents to Produce 4H‐Pyran and 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives with Antitumor Activities.
Authors: Azzam Rasha Abdallah , Mohareb Rafat Milad
Published: April 2016

A convenient multicomponent reaction approach for the synthesis of a variety of novel pyran and dihydropyridine derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(OAc)2/S=PPh3 Accelerated Activation of gem‐Dichloroalkenes for the Construction of 3‐Arylchromones.
Authors: Liu Jianming , Song Weiwei , Yue Yuanyuan , Liu Ren , Yi Hong , Zhuo Kelei , Lei Aiwen
Published: April 2016

The title compounds are prepared in modest to good yields from salicylaldehydes (I) and dichlorobenzylidenemethanes (II), (IV), and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Bipyridine Carbaldehydes as Electrophiles in the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction: Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bipyridyl Ligands and a Macrocycle.
Authors: Gouthaman Siddan , Periyaraja Somasundharam , Shanmugam Ponnusamy
Published: April 2016

A simple and efficient Morita—Baylis—Hillman (MBH) reaction of bipyridine carbaldehydes and unexplored activated alkenes affords highly functionalized bipyridyl ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized 6‐Styryl‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridines Through a Domino [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yang Wen‐Juan , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: April 2016

The domino cycloaddition of α,β‐unsaturated N‐aryl aldimines, acetylenedicarboxylates, and arylidenemalononitriles in dry MeCN at room temperature affords 6‐styryl‐l,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyridines in good yields with various cis/trans ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Aryl and Alkenyl C—H Amidation: A Mild Protocol for the Modification of Purine Derivatives.
Authors: Liang Yujie , Liang Yu‐Feng , Tang Conghui , Yuan Yizhi , Jiao Ning
Published: April 2016

A Co‐catalyzed direct C—H amidation of unactivated (hetero)arenes and alkenes by l,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐ones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Racemization‐Free Synthesis of Morpholinone Derivatives from α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Samanta Sauvik , Mal Abhijit , Halder Sandipan , Ghorai Manas K.
Published: April 2016

A simple strategy for the preparation of enantiomerically pure N‐tosyl or N‐benzyl protected morpholine, morpholinone, and morpholinecarboxylate derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Involudispirones A and B: Sesterterpenes Containing a Dispiro Ring from Stahlianthus involucratus.
Authors: Kong Ling‐Yi , et al.
Published: April 2016

Involudispirones A (I), and B (II), a pair of cytotoxic sesterpene stereoisomers, containing an unusual dioxadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecane ring system as their most intriguing structures, are isolated from the rhizomes of S.
ChemInform Abstract: Purine and Guanine Thioglycoside Analogues: Novel Synthesis of a New Class of Pyrazolo[1,5‐a][1,3,5]triazine‐4‐thioglycoside Derivatives under Microwave Activation.
Authors: Elgemeie Galal , Abu‐Zaied Mamdouh
Published: April 2016

Title compounds (VI) are simply synthesized under mild conditions by microwave‐assisted condensation of pyrazoles (I) with cyanocarbonimidodithioic acid (II) (or its sodium salt) leading to pyrazolotriazinethiol derivatives (III) as the key step, followed by coupling with bromo sugars (IV) and subsequent deprotection.
ChemInform Abstract: Epicochalasines A and B: Two Bioactive Merocytochalasans Bearing Caged Epicoccine Dimer Units from Aspergillus flavipes.
Authors: Zhu Hucheng , Chen Chunmei , Tong Qingyi , Li Xiao‐Nian , Yang Jing , Xue Yongbo , Luo Zengwei , Wang Jianping , Yao Guangmin , Zhang Yonghui
Published: April 2016

isolation, structure elucidation, biogenetic pathway, and bioactivity of the new title cytochalasans possessing a hendecacyclic ring system containing an adamantyl cage
ChemInform Abstract: The Nature of Hot Electrons Generated by Exothermic Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Nedrygailov Ievgen I. , Park Jeong Young
Published: April 2016

Review: and their role in catalysis; 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2D Transition‐Metal‐Dichalcogenide‐Nanosheet‐Based Composites for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Lu Qipeng , Yu Yifu , Ma Qinglang , Chen Bo , Zhang Hua
Published: April 2016

Review: 191 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State Polymerization via [2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction Involving Coordination Polymers
Authors: Medishetty Raghavender , Park In‐Hyeok , Lee Shim Sung , Vittal Jagadese J.
Published: April 2016

Review: 153 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral N‐Donor Ligand Based Flexible Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Manna Biplab , Desai Aamod V. , Ghosh Sujit K.
Published: April 2016

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dynamic Behavior of Rearranging Carbocations — Implications for Terpene Biosynthesis
Authors: Hare Stephanie R , Tantillo Dean J
Published: April 2016

Review: [103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Heterobiaryls Featuring 1,4 N···S Inter‐Ring Interactions
Authors: Tilly David , Chevallier Floris , Mongin Florence
Published: April 2016

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Supramolecular Structures as Catalysts for Reactions Involving Cationic Transition States
Authors: Catti Lorenzo , Zhang Qi , Tiefenbacher Konrad
Published: April 2016

Review: [40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Covalently Supported Ionic Liquid Phases: An Advanced Class of Recyclable Catalytic Systems
Authors: Giacalone Francesco , Gruttadauria Michelangelo
Published: April 2016

Review: [recent advances in the synthesis and catalytic applications of cSILP; 83 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches Toward High‐Mannose‐Type Glycan Libraries
Authors: Fujikawa Kohki , Seko Akira , Takeda Yoichi , Ito Yukishige
Published: April 2016

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen‐Promoted Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction for Efficient Construction of Biaryls
Authors: Liu Chun , Li Xinmin
Published: April 2016

Review: [38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalysis for Synthesizing Main‐Group Organometallics Containing B, Sn or Si
Authors: Yoshida Hiroto
Published: April 2016

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Genetic Approaches for the Investigation of Neutral Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Doler Carina , Schweiger Martina , Zimmermann Robert , Breinbauer Rolf
Published: April 2016

Review: [184 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Studies on Rutaecarpine. II.‐Synthesis and Structure‐Biological Activity Relationships
Authors: Son Jong‐Keun , Chang Hyeun Wook , Jahng Yurngdong
Published: April 2016

Review: 89 refs.
Scientific Argumentation for All? Comparing Teacher Beliefs About Argumentation in High, Mid, and Low Socioeconomic Status Schools
Authors: KATSH‐SINGER REBECCA , McNEILL KATHERINE L. , LOPER SUZANNA
Published: April 2016

Ensuring all students have opportunities to engage in scientific argumentation is a key goal for K–12 students. While research has shown that teachers’ beliefs about argumentation can impact their classroom instruction and that students in low socioeconomic status (SES) schools are less likely to experience challenging science learning, there is little research focused on the relationship between teachers’ argumentation beliefs and student SES. As such, in this study we explored the scientific argumentation beliefs of teachers in low, mid, and high SES schools. Participants were 34 teachers piloting a curriculum with a focus on scientific argumentation. Our data sources included a survey and interviews. While our analyses suggest that teachers in all types of schools believe argumentation is important, we observed some differences between the teachers of high, mid, and low SES students related to their beliefs about the goals of argumentation discourse and student capability to engage in argumentation. These findings suggest that accountability pressures may impact the beliefs of teachers of low SES students in ways not experienced by teachers of high SES students and offer implications for professional development for such teachers.
Clinical phenotype, biochemical profile, and treatment in 19 patients with arginase 1 deficiency
Authors: Huemer Martina , Carvalho Daniel R. , Brum Jaime M. , Ünal Özlem , Coskun Turgay , Weisfeld‐Adams James D. , Schrager Nina L. , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , Schlune Andrea , Donner Markus G. , Hersberger Martin , Gemperle Claudio , Riesner Brunhilde , Ulmer Hanno , Häberle Johannes , Karall Daniela
Published: April 2016

Background

Arginase 1 (ARG1) deficiency is a rare urea cycle disorder (UCD). This hypothesis‐generating study explored clinical phenotypes, metabolic profiles, molecular genetics, and treatment approaches in a cohort of children and adults with ARG1 deficiency to add to our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology.

Methods

Clinical data were retrieved retrospectively from physicians using a questionnaire survey. Plasma aminoacids, guanidinoacetate (GAA), parameters indicating oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis as well as asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were measured at a single study site.

Results

Nineteen individuals with ARG1 deficiency and 19 matched controls were included in the study. In patients, paraparesis, cognitive impairment, and seizures were significantly associated suggesting a shared underlying pathophysiology. In patients plasma GAA exceeded normal ranges and plasma ADMA was significantly elevated. Compared to controls, nitrate was significantly higher, and the nitrite:nitrate ratio significantly lower in subjects with ARG1 deficiency suggesting an advantage for NO synthesis by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) over endothelial NOS (eNOS). Logistic regression revealed no significant impact of any of the biochemical parameters (including arginine, nitrates, ADMA, GAA, oxidative stress) or protein restriction on long‐term outcome.

Conclusion

Three main hypotheses which must be evaluated in a hypothesis driven confirmatory study are delineated from this study: 1) clinical manifestations in ARG1 deficiency are not correlated with arginine, protein intake, ADMA, nitrates or oxidative stress. 2) GAA is elevated and may be a marker or an active part of the pathophysiology of ARG1 deficiency. 3) Perturbations of NO metabolism merit future attention in ARG1 deficiency.
Modeling Learning in Doubly Multilevel Binary Longitudinal Data Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models: An Application to Measuring and Explaining Word Learning
Authors: Cho Sun-Joo , Goodwin Amanda P.
Published: April 2016

When word learning is supported by instruction in experimental studies for adolescents, word knowledge outcomes tend to be collected from complex data structure, such as multiple aspects of word knowledge, multilevel reader data, multilevel item data, longitudinal design, and multiple groups. This study illustrates how generalized linear mixed models can be used to measure and explain word learning for data having such complexity. Results from this application provide deeper understanding of word knowledge than could be attained from simpler models and show that word knowledge is multidimensional and depends on word characteristics and instructional contexts.
Quarantine for Zika Virus? Where is the Science?
Authors: Koenig Kristi L.
Published: April 2016

In January 2016, the World Health Organization warned that Zika virus is “spreading explosively” in the Americas and that up to 4 million infections could be present worldwide within a year. Soon thereafter, some politicians and authors publicly advocated for quarantine of travelers returning from regions where mosquitoes carrying Zika virus are prevalent. The public health tool of quarantine can be used to prevent the spread of infection by restricting the movement of persons who have been exposed to a deadly disease that can be transmitted from person to person before symptom onset. With 80% of Zika virus infections being asymptomatic, no rapid test being available to detect the virus, and primary transmission being via the bites of certain mosquitoes, application of quarantine in this setting is not scientifically sound or practically feasible. Rather, public health interventions should focus on preventing bites from infected mosquitoes, counseling pregnant women on the risks of fetal microcephaly and other birth defects, and identifying patients with signs and symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome. As was seen in the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014, non-evidence-based factors can influence policy decisions. Public health experts must ensure that policy makers are informed that quarantine is not a scientifically sound approach for the control of Zika virus. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;0:1–3)
Limiting the Number of Lumens in Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Cost: A Simulation Study
Authors: Ratz David , Hofer Timothy , Flanders Scott A. , Saint Sanjay , Chopra Vineet
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND

The number of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) lumens is associated with thrombotic and infectious complications. Because multilumen PICCs are not necessary in all patients, policies that limit their use may improve safety and cost.

OBJECTIVE

To design a simulation-based analysis to estimate outcomes and cost associated with a policy that encourages single-lumen PICC use.

METHODS

Model inputs, including risk of complications and costs associated with single- and multilumen PICCs, were obtained from available literature and a multihospital collaborative quality improvement project. Cost savings and reduction in central line–associated bloodstream infection and deep vein thrombosis events from institution of a single-lumen PICC default policy were reported.

RESULTS

According to our model, a hospital that places 1,000 PICCs per year (25% of which are single-lumen and 75% multilumen) experiences annual PICC-related maintenance and complication costs of $1,228,598 (95% CI, $1,053,175–$1,430,958). In such facilities, every 5% increase in single-lumen PICC use would prevent 0.5 PICC-related central line-associated bloodstream infections and 0.5 PICC-related deep vein thrombosis events, while saving $23,500. Moving from 25% to 50% single-lumen PICC utilization would result in total savings of $119,283 (95% CI, $74,030–$184,170) per year. Regardless of baseline prevalence, a single-lumen default PICC policy would be associated with approximately 10% cost savings. Findings remained robust in multiway sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSION

Hospital policies that limit the number of PICC lumens may enhance patient safety and reduce healthcare costs. Studies measuring intended and unintended consequences of this approach, followed by rapid adoption, appear necessary.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:811–817