bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What You, Readers of AIB Insights, Said: Responses to the Article “Is Your ‘IB’ Research Truly ‘International’?”
Authors: Boddewyn Jean J.
Published: September 2020

In his article “Is Your ‘IB’ Research Truly ‘International’?” (published in Volume 16, Issue 2, pages 3-5), Jean Boddewyn invited comments and questions from readers of AIB Insights. Professor Boddewyn received several, which he summarizes here, with some further comments.
Influence of Institutional and Geographical Factors on the Openness and Dispersion of Knowledge-Sourcing Practices
Authors: Cano-Kollmann Marcelo
Published: September 2020

Organizations do not operate in a vacuum. They are embedded in specific geographic locations and are subject to institutional environments that constrain and shape the way they conduct business in general, and innovation activities in particular. This article summarizes my work about how firms adapt their innovative and knowledge-sourcing activities to factors such as geographic peripherality, government monetary and non-monetary support policies, and ownership changes due to pro-market reforms during privatization processes.
Tax Avoidance by Multinational Companies: Methods, Policies, and Ethics
Authors: Contractor Farok J.
Published: September 2020

Taxes vary significantly across nations. Multinationals consequently try to show less taxable income in high-tax jurisdictions and vice versa. The article gives examples of several techniques used to avoid taxes: (i) deferral of double-tax liability, (ii) manipulating invoices in inter-affiliate trade transactions or supply chains, (iii) shifting IP to affiliates or shell companies in low-tax nations or tax-havens which then charge royalties to other international affiliates, (iv) intra-corporate loans, (v) allocation of central overheads to foreign affiliates, and (vi) relocating the entire company to another country. Ethics are discussed from the perspectives of shareholder interests and local governments.
Irish-Dutch Sandwiches, Corporate Inversions, and Arm’s Length Transactions: International Tax for IB Courses
Authors: Nebus James
Published: September 2020

You don’t have to be a CPA to introduce the basics of international taxation into your IB course. There is no shortage of materials and methods that are available to IB instructors including cases, videos, simulations, teaching notes, and articles in the practitioner press. International tax is a provocative, controversial topic which engages students academically and emotionally. Students read of MNEs which pay little tax and want to know: How do they do it? Why are they getting away with it? Furthermore, international tax is synergistic with other IB topics as how business differs when traversing borders and MNE-government bargaining.
Letter from the Editors: Special Issue on the 2015 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson AIB Dissertation Award
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial introduces the AIB Insights issue dedicated to the 2015 Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson Dissertation Award. It includes a reflections article by Mark Casson; “Host Market Corruption and Multinational Enterprise Strategy” by Michael Sartor; “Why Do Regional Headquarters Live and Die?” by Perttu Kähäri; “Should Birds of a Feather Flock Together? Agglomeration by Nationality as a Constraint in International Expansion” by Heeyon Kim; “Property Rights Theory and Ownership of Firm-Specific Advantages: The Implications of Contracting and Licensing Within the Multinational Firm” by Catherine Magelssen; and “Global Subunit Specialization: An Organizational Perspective” by Carlos Rodriguez.
The Buckley and Casson Prize: Some Reflections
Authors: Casson Mark
Published: September 2020

This article provides some reflections on the 2015 AIB Dissertation Award selection process and a thought-provoking discussion on what constitutes a “good dissertation” and “good research.” It discusses the importance and value of, as well as challenges and difficulties when developing and publishing “high-risk” (as opposed to “low-risk”) research and so promises to stimulate a fruitful conversation on this topic.
Host Market Corruption and Multinational Enterprise Strategy
Authors: Sartor Michael A.
Published: September 2020

This article provides a summative overview of the author’s doctoral dissertation which was awarded the Peter J. Buckley and Mark Casson Academy of International Business Dissertation Award (2015). The dissertation investigates the impact of host market corruption upon several strategies employed by a multinational enterprise (MNE), including its foreign entry strategy and its partnering strategy, as well as exploring the longer-term implications of corruption for the survival of the MNE’s subsidiaries. Organized as a collection of integrated essays, the dissertation theoretically disaggregates host market corruption into a wide range of manifestations, including grand, petty, public and private corruption.
Property Rights Theory and Ownership of Firm-Specific Advantages: The Implications of Contracting and Licensing within the Multinational Firm
Authors: Magelssen Catherine
Published: September 2020

This dissertation examines three questions related to MNE internal firm specific asset (FSA) ownership. First, how do MNEs internally organize ownership of their FSAs? Second, how do FSA characteristics affect MNE choice of FSA ownership structure? Third, how does FSA ownership affect subsidiary innovation? The role of tax haven FSA ownership is also explored.
Investment for Development
Authors: Clegg Jeremy , Mudambi Ram
Published: September 2020

The changing composition and diversity of international investors, e.g., novel ownership types (including state-backed, private equity) and countries of origin, has left policymakers and academic advisers lagging behind in the race to design measures to fulfil the world’s urgent development needs. Social (e.g., pro-inclusion of marginalized or excluded groups) and environmental priorities have joined conventional economic development objectives, creating a demand for multidisciplinary research that is multidimensional in its recommendations. To meet this, the Global Academic Policy Research Network on Investment for Development was launched, with an ambitious agenda, during the 2014 World Investment Forum (WIF) at UNCTAD, in Geneva.
Increasing Students’ Global Mindset and Entrepreneurial Competencies through E-Consulting Projects
Authors: Bullough Amanda
Published: September 2020

This article discusses an Emerging Market Entrepreneurs Consulting Course developed by the author. The course helps students increase their global mindset competencies and develop skills with which a global leader influences people who are different from themselves. The course emphasizes the importance of including small businesses in students’ academic learning experience.
Trajectory of Innovation in Emerging Industries: Evidence from the Global Wind Power Industry
Authors: Awate Snehal Suyash
Published: September 2020

This article provides a summative overview of the author’s doctoral dissertation, which reevaluates the geographic clustering of innovation in new industries. Contrary to the established view, it suggests that these industries experience a wider geographic circumference of innovation that spans even the emerging economies. The increasing appearance of new locations in the global innovation systems of these industries indicates lower barriers to entry and weaker first mover advantages for locations.
Foreign Acquisitions by Indian Multinational Enterprises: Testing and Extending Internationalisation Frameworks
Authors: Munjal Surender
Published: September 2020

Scholarly interest on scrutinising internationalisation strategies used by multinational enterprises from emerging economies has been swiftly growing. New theoretical frameworks, such as the Linkage-Leverage- Learning (LLL) framework, competing with the traditional ones, such as the Ownership-Location-Internalisation (OLI) framework, have been put forward to explain their idiosyncratic behaviour. Using a database on foreign acquisitions undertaken by Indian multinational enterprises, this study tests these theoretical frameworks and reconciles differences between them
Comments from the Guest Editor: Stepping on Cultural and Religious Assumptions
Authors: Littrell Romie Frederick , Rottig Daniel
Published: September 2020

This editorial article introduces a special issue of AIB Insights focused on a cross-cultural class exercise controversy that occurred in the USA the prior year. The issue includes “Stepping on Cultural and Religious Assumptions” by Mark F. Peterson; “Managing Deep Intercultural Training Exercises” by Martha Maznevski; “Issues in Uncovering Hidden Identities in Intercultural Training” by Brent J. Lyons; and “Informed Consent for CrossCultural Classroom Exercises: Teaching Tool or Wishful Thinking?” by David E.L. Herst.
Managing Deep Intercultural Training Exercises
Authors: Maznevski Martha
Published: September 2020

This paper considers how deeply intercultural training probes into students’ most basic social identity and self-image. Much of the discussion is about how a trainer can gradually build trust to provide a supportive context for deep self-awareness and questioning of one’s assumptions. It addresses the concern that trainers should take care about intervening too deeply by providing a training process view. Rather than explaining how a trainer knows what “too deep” means in advance, it explains how to judge when training touches on areas that their students are not prepared to consider and how to adjust training at such points.
Issues in Uncovering Hidden Identities in Intercultural Training
Authors: Lyons Brent J.
Published: September 2020

In this article, I explore how intercultural teaching exercises can lead students to experience a “disclosure dilemma,” or face a difficult decision between disclosing a concealable identity as a part of a teaching exercise or keeping it secret. Using the example of religious identity and the “Step on Jesus” exercise, I describe the disclosure dilemma brought forward in an intercultural training exercise and how this activity can pose challenges for students with religious identities. I also identify strategies teachers can adopt to facilitate intercultural training that is sensitive to disclosure dilemmas faced by students.
Essays on International Non-market Strategy and the Political Economy of Environmental Regulation
Authors: Patnaik Sanjay
Published: September 2020

Using the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) as the empirical setting, this dissertation examines several unanswered research questions in international non-market strategy and political economy in three distinct dissertation chapters. It evaluates how rent-seeking behavior can allow firms to capture value from their international non-market environment, combining and extending insights from multiple literatures and disciplines.
Navigating Institutional Differences in Africa: Moving Beyond the Institutional Voids Perspective
Authors: Daniel Goriola Olusina , Onaji-Benson Theresa , Mbalyohere Charles
Published: September 2020

Institutions matter and play a critical role in the function of markets and society as a whole, in developed economies, as well as in emerging and developing economies. There are, however, observed differences in the characteristics, operations, and maturity of institutions across economy types. We draw on qualitative evidence from six advanced economy (AMNE) and emerging economy MNEs (EMNE) operating in Uganda and quantitative evidence from fifteen South African EMNEs operating across Africa to argue that the wide-scale reality of institutional environments that differ from those in the developed West should not necessarily imply institutional voids.
Attributes of Leadership Effectiveness in West Africa
Authors: Bulley Cynthia A. , Osei-Bonsu Noble , Rasaq Hassan Adedoyin
Published: September 2020

This paper aims to examine the perceptions of leadership effectiveness in two West African countries - Ghana and Nigeria. It focuses on the defining variables and characteristics of interest and outlines the results of the country studies. Based on an in-depth qualitative study, the results are discussed focusing on the idiosyncrasies of culture, traditions, and leadership. The findings indicate that culture influences leadership effectiveness, and it is intrinsically linked to employee performance. In addition, spirituality and belief in deity were found to be a major influence on cultural beliefs which, in turn, influence leadership perceptions and expected leadership characteristics.
Letter from the Editors: Power and MNEs, Modern Slavery in IB, Culture, Leadership and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Rottig Daniel , Mezias John
Published: September 2020

This editorial article introduces this eclectic issue of AIB Insights, with articles focusing on Power and MNEs, Modern Slavery in IB, Culture, Leadership and Entrepreneurship. The issue includes “Should Your IB Research Deal with Power?” by John Child; “Tackling Modern Slavery, the Ugliest Phenomenon of Our Times: An Invitation to the IB Scholarly Community” by Snejina Michailova and Christina Stringer; “GLOBE Leadership Dimensions: Implications for Cross-Country Entrepreneurship Research” by Saurav Pathak and Etayankara Muralidharan; and “The Intersection of National Cultural Values and Organizational Cultures of Silence and Voice, and the Moderating Effect of Leadership” by Rob Bogosian.
Neófita
Authors: Gutierrez Castro Sandra Lucrecia
Published: September 2020

Interpretar textos y entender los mensajes que en ellos se encuentran no será fácil para cualquier persona y eso debido a que palabras como positivismo, holístico o  dogma, no son parte del conocimiento que se comparta en las aulas. Y eso no es nada más  porque en realidad todo lo que se enseñó ayuda a sobrevivir; pero también privo la oportunidad de conocer aun más de lo que la sociedad en secreto impone a sus ciudadanos.
Los cambios que puede traer el coronavirus
Authors: Hernández Ortiz Julio César
Published: September 2020

El juego matemático y estadístico que realizan las autoridades gubernamentales hace pensar que no estamos en la capacidad de soportar una pandemia de tal magnitud.Algunos científicos buscan un nanodispositivo que pueda detectar cualquier virus o bacteria. Estos microorganismos se basan en datos biogenéticos, puesto que pretenden implantar dentro de la piel de cada ser humano un tatuaje con números cuánticos.Es mejor vivir en armonía con la tierra y la tierra vivirá en armonía con nosotros, para preservar la salud y tener una vida plena.Lamentaremos que al final de esta cuarentena, posiblemente muchas personas serán diagnosticadas con enfermedades como, la diabetes, hipertensión, hígado graso, entre otros. Aquí no vale el refrán: “la vida no tiene precio”.  Sería prudente aplicar lo que dijo Hipócrates, padre de la medicina: “Que tu alimento sea tu medicina y tu medicina sea tu alimento”. Entonces se hace la interrogante: “¿Qué es llevar una vida buena?”.Pero de todo lo que observa el observador, salen las preguntas: ¿por qué no estamos preparados? ¿cómo prepararnos? ¿qué hacer para estar preparados?
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN DIRI MELALUI LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK PADA SISWA KELAS VII C MTS. NEGERI 1 BANYUWANGI
Authors: Akhmad Touwil Firdaus  , Miftahul Arifin
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peningkatan kepercayaan diri siswa melalui penerapan layanan bimbingan kelompok pada siswa kelas VII C MTS. Negeri Banyuwangi Tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII C MTS. Negeri Banyuwangi yang memiliki percaya diri rendah.  Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan bimbingan konseling. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, observasi dan analisis data. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, dan setiap siklus terdiri dari identifikasi, diagnosa, prognosa, konseling, evaluasi dan tahap refleksi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data skor awal diperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat 10 orang siswa yang memiliki percaya diri dengan kategori rendah. Kesekolah orang ini akan ditindak lanjuti pada penelitian siklus I. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan percaya diri siswa. Peningkatan persentase percaya diri siswa adalah sebagai berikut: pada pelaksanaan siklus I diperoleh peningkatan 4 orang siswa yang mencapai kriteria diatas 65% dengan rata-rata peningkatan 69,35%  termasuk dalam kategori sedang, sedangkan 6 orang siswa masih dibawah kriteria 65%. Pada pelaksanaan siklus II 6 orang siswa yang belum mencapai kriteria 65% pada siklus I mengalami peningkatan diatas 65% dengan rata-rata peningkatan 83,08% pada siklus II termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Hasil analisis data yang diperoleh pada siklus II nampak bahwa dari keenam orang siswa sudah menunjukkan sikap percaya diri sesuai dengan aturan yang sudah ditetapkan di sekolah. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat meningkatkan percaya diri siswa.
Educational Policy
Authors: Musbaing Musbaing
Published: September 2020

This paper seeks to offer an interpretation of the significance of the core of education in an attempt to achieve public policy goals. Some publications addressing approaches, techniques, and models of learning as a means of understanding the ideal education, but there are still deficiencies attributable to educators or adults who do not see the environment as a place of training. The paper aims to provide parents, teachers, and the community with knowledge so that education is a joint obligation so that cooperation in the education system is complete. "Tri Pusat Pendidikan" are three critical elements that play an essential role in learning and become the center of educational activities, namely family education (informal education), school training (formal education), and social education (non-formal culture). The "Tri Pusat Pendidikan" idea means that learning can be done anywhere and at any time, being a mutual obligation. This principle says the society and family have a balanced responsibility for the success of education offenders, and that it is not just schools that are made and regulated as organizations that have a great (full) responsibility for the success of individuals in their educational cycle.
The Correlation of Digital Literation and STEM Integration to Improve Indonesian Students’ Skills in 21st Century
Authors: Rizaldi Dedi Riyan , Nurhayati Eris , Fatimah Ziadatul
Published: September 2020

Dynamic human development in the 21st Century demands students to make innovations in the world of education. Students are required to have 21st-century skills, namely creativity, critical thinking, collaboration, and communication. In contrast, teachers are required to have skills that must be mastered. The six capabilities are mastery of knowledge/content, mastery of 21st-century pedagogy, the ability of expertise in the development and achievement of students and give support, mastery of learning psychology skills; having counseling skills; and competence in using information technology and media. This article aims to discuss issues related to how to improve the ability of teachers and students to master 21st-century skills? Also, what extent is the role of digital literacy and STEM integration in improving 21st-century skills? This article using literature literacy methods sourced from international and national journals, books, and other relevant sources. Based on the study, it concluded that digital competence is not an absolute determinant of the development of 21st-century skills in students. Digital ability is a supporting factor for mastering 21st-century skills that should have been introduced and taught through schools. STEM learning with multidisciplinary mastery of science needs to be optimized in schools in Indonesia so that the expected learning objectives are in line with the demands of the 21st-century.
Impacto de las guías para la educación inclusiva en profesores de educación básica
Authors: Pano Fuentes Carolina
Published: September 2020

Resumen

Esta investigación se centra en 5 guías para la Educación Inclusiva, realizadas por el Centro Regional de Formación Docente e Investigación Educativa (CRESUR), y el impacto que han tenido en docentes de educación básica y especial, a través de la aplicación de un instrumento adaptado del original de Sevillano (1995), aplicado a 31 docentes del estado de Jalisco, el cual contiene 20 ítems, divididos en 2 temáticas principales: valoración formal y valoración didáctica, en una escala de valores Likert. Como resultados principales se encontró que las guías, en su mayoría, obtuvieron puntajes altos, por el 70% de los participantes. Palabras clave

Educación inclusiva, guías, impacto, inclusión. Abstract

This research focuses on 5 guidelines for Inclusive education, conducted by the Regional Center for Educational Education and Education Research (CRESUR), and the impact they have had on basic and special education teachers through the application of a Adapted instrument of the original of Sevillian (1995), applied to 31 teachers of the state of Jalisco, which contains 20 items, divided into 2 main themes: formal valuation and didactic valuation, on a scale of Likert values. The main results were that the guides, mostly, obtained high scores, for 70% of the participants. Keywords

Inclusive education, guidelines, impact, inclusion.
EFEITOS CONTÁBEIS DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSAÇÃO EM OPERAÇÕES POR ENCOMENDA DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE GRANDE PORTE
Authors: Tierling Isielli Mayara Barzotto Martins , Pavão Juliane Andressa , Barzotto Ivete Julieta , Silva Amanda Maria da
Published: September 2020

Os custos de transação, também denominados custos de negociação, representam custos econômicos que influenciam o processo de tomada de decisão. Por sua vez, o processo de tomada de decisão é influenciado pelas informações contábeis. Este estudo analisou uma empresa fabricante de máquinas e equipamentos de grande porte, tendo como objetivo identificar quais são os custos de transação presentes nas operações de comercialização de máquinas e equipamentos para indústria de farinha de mandioca, quais elementos determinam a existência desses custos e como eles afetam os resultados contábeis. Utilizou-se das técnicas da pesquisa qualitativa, com coleta de dados documental por meio do modelo de contrato padrão, além de entrevista. Os dados foram analisados à luz da Teoria dos Custos de Transação, cujos resultados foram apresentados de forma descritiva. A análise permitiu concluir que os custos de transação afetam o agente vendedor por meio de possíveis custos de produção adicionais, e também afetam o agente comprador, de modo a elevar o preço de aquisição do equipamento, aumentar os custos de instalação, e provocar perdas no investimento realizado ou imobilizado adquirido. Uma vez que as operações analisadas não se enquadram nas regras contidas na NBC TG 08, os custos de transação são elementos que afetam a determinação do preço de venda e são evidenciados por meio dos princípios e legislação contábil.
Procedibilidad de la acción de tutela en defensa de la vida del concebido ante la decisión de aborto de uno de sus progenitores (parte i)
Authors: Muñoz Castrillón Ana Janeth , Agudelo Mejía Dimaro Alexis
Published: September 2020

La pretensión de algunos temas como específicos de ciertas disciplinas es discutible al reconocer que impactan la sociedad entera independiente de lo que las personas hacen profesional y laboralmente; esto suele pasar por abordajes con lenguajes propios de la disciplina o porque no siempre se tocan intereses comunes para la mayoría de personas. Por lo tanto, se espera que este artículo de reflexión, surgido entre los temas de la especialización en Derecho Procesal, sea del interés de muchas personas. En este texto defendemos con la Convención sobre los Derechos del Niño, la Declaración Americana de los Derechos y Deberes del Hombre, la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, diferentes sentencias de la Corte Constitucional, entre otros instrumentos, la protección del derecho a la vida desde la concepción bajo cualquier circunstancia. Este trabajo lo dividimos en dos partes. Esta es la parte I, caracterizada por mostrar contradicciones entre la defensa de la vida del concebido como un derecho fundamental reconocido en la Constitución Política, en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y en los tratados internacionales que hacen parte del bloque de constitucionalidad, frente a la sentencia C‑355 de 2006 de la misma Corte Constitucional que permite el aborto en tres circunstancias específicas. En la parte II se analizará la procedibilidad de la acción de tutela como mecanismo procesal para defender el derecho a la vida del concebido.
Cosmopolitan Wisdom and the Enactment of Moral Intelligibility
Authors: Rossi Philip J.
Published: September 2020

Immanuel Kant’s critical philosophy pays little explicit attention to the concept of ‘wisdom’ in its taxonomy of the functions of human reason in its work of rendering intelligible the world and the human place in the world. On the basis of some crucial texts in Kant’s writings, this essay argues that wisdom has a role to play in the task Kant assigns to practical reason; this task is to make the world in which humans dwell intelligible morally, i.e., to make sense of the world as locus in which good and evil take form in function of the exercise of human freedom. In such a world, the function of wisdom is ‘cosmopolitan’ in that it provides a horizon of a social hope that recognizes human solidarity, vulnerability, and otherness, as signal instances of the inclusive moral relationality necessary for sustaining both an ‘outer’ world order for peace and the ‘inner’ dynamic of full moral relationality that Kant terms ‘the ethical commonwealth’.
Enmiendas a suelos urbanos con carbohidratos para mejorar el establecimiento del arbolado
Authors: Morales-Gallegos Luis M. , Martínez-Trinidad Tomás , Gómez-Guerrero Armando , Suárez-Espinosa Javier
Published: September 2020

Introducción: Un factor que limita el desarrollo de la vegetación arbórea en ambientes urbanos es la condición del suelo.Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de carbohidratos (sacarosa y glucosa) al suelo sobre el crecimiento y vitalidad de árboles de jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don) plantados en áreas urbanas.Materiales y métodos: Se aplicaron ocho tratamientos de carbohidratos y un control (agua). Se evaluó incremento en altura y diámetro, color de follaje, fluorescencia de la clorofila, materia seca de raíces, almidón en raíces, respiración y humedad del suelo. Se realizó un análisis de varianza y comparación de medias (Tukey, P < 0.05); cuando no se pudo probar la normalidad de los datos se utilizaron métodos no paramétricos (Kruskal-Wallis y suma de rangos de Wilcoxon).Resultados y discusión: El incremento en altura y diámetro, el color verde del follaje y la fluorescencia de la clorofila no presentaron diferencias significativas (P > 0.05). El peso seco de raíces y la respiración del suelo fueron estadísticamente significativos (P < 0.05) con mayor respuesta en el tratamiento más alto de carbohidratos (80 g·L-1 de glucosa con 80 g·L-1 de sacarosa). No hubo efecto en las características de la parte aérea, debido posiblemente al corto tiempo de evaluación (aproximadamente un año).Conclusión: La enmienda de glucosa y sacarosa al suelo en el arbolado urbano estimuló el crecimiento de raíces de J. mimosifolia.
Análisis bibliométrico de la modelación de bosques templados manejados: una perspectiva global en las herramientas de manejo forestal sustentable
Authors: Ordoñez-Díaz Ma. Cristina , Galicia Leopoldo
Published: September 2020

Introducción: El análisis bibliométrico es una herramienta cuantitativa para reconocer las tendencias y brechas de investigación en temáticas de interés científico.Objetivo: Identificar los avances en la producción científica, las redes de colaboración, temáticas de investigación y aplicación de modelación de bosques templados manejados (MBTM), a nivel global, en relación con el manejo, productividad, almacenamiento de carbono y ciclado de nutrientes.Materiales y métodos: La revisión se centró en la recopilación de datos de la plataforma Web of Science Core Collection en el periodo 2005-2019.Resultados y discusión: El análisis bibliométrico permitió recolectar 960 artículos científicos especializados en el tema, provenientes de revistas indizadas en Journal Citation Reports (JCR). Las instituciones con mayor autoridad académica en estudios sobre manejo forestal fueron Natural Resources of Canada (NRCan), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) y US Forest Service. Las temáticas de MBTM se enfocaron en el crecimiento de plantaciones forestales, efectos de las prácticas silvícolas en la estructura, productividad, secuestro de carbono y, en menor medida, en la disponibilidad de nutrientes. México presentó baja colaboración con otras instituciones y un enfoque netamente silvícola en la aplicación de modelación.Conclusiones: El análisis permitió orientar la investigación en MBTM para México. Se recomienda la implementación de modelación para lograr un aprovechamiento forestal basado en la comprensión integral del sistema y así garantizar su sostenibilidad.
Índice para la estimación de ocurrencia de incendios forestales en superficies extensas
Authors: Torres-Rojo Juan M.
Published: September 2020

Introducción: La estimación del riesgo de ocurrencia de un incendio contribuye a reducir pérdidas humanas, de infraestructura y recursos naturales; promover actividades para mantener y restaurar regímenes de fuego; y optimizar los recursos destinados a la supresión.Objetivo: Desarrollar un índice de ocurrencia de incendios forestales en superficies extensas, denominado superficie en riesgo de incendio (SeR).Materiales y métodos: El índice corresponde a la superficie asociada a un nivel de probabilidad medido en la cola derecha de la distribución de densidad de la superficie afectada anualmente por incendios forestales. La distribución de densidad se estimó a partir del historial de superficie siniestrada (1970-2018) en México por entidad federativa. El ajuste se realizó minimizando el estadístico Kolmogorov-Smirnov con cuatro modelos: exponencial, gama, lognormal y Weibull. Se proponen dos indicadores relacionados: proporción de la superficie forestal afectada (PSeR) y superficie incremental en riesgo (ISeR).Resultados y discusión: Todos los modelos mostraron un ajuste significativo (P < 0.05); el modelo lognormal fue el de mejor desempeño. La SeR discrimina unidades territoriales con mayor superficie afectada por incendios; adicionalmente, predice eficientemente la superficie a ser afectada por incendios. La PSeR facilita la comparación del riesgo de ocurrencia de incendios entre unidades territoriales de tamaño diferente, mientras que la ISeR estima el cambio en la máxima superficie afectada por incendios en un periodo.Conclusión: La SeR es un índice de riesgo de eventos extremos que brinda información útil y tiene un poder predictivo estadísticamente aceptable.
Poblaciones de Pinus radiata D. Don difieren en la tolerancia a bajas temperaturas y en la tasa de crecimiento
Authors: De Jesus-Reyes Gardenia , Vargas-Hernández J. Jesús , Cruz-Huerta Nicacio , López-Upton Javier
Published: September 2020

Introducción: En Pinus radiata D. Don, uno de los pinos más plantados globalmente, las heladas dañan a las plantaciones en etapa de plántula.Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en crecimiento y tolerancia a bajas temperaturas de poblaciones nativas (islas Guadalupe y Cedros) de P. radiata en condiciones de invernadero e intemperie, bajo niveles distintos de humedad del suelo.Materiales y métodos: La tolerancia a bajas temperaturas se determinó mediante el índice de daño (ID) en pruebas de congelamiento a -12 °C durante 4 h. En cada ambiente (invernadero e intemperie) se definieron dos tratamientos de humedad (riego y sequía). El ID se evaluó con el método de conductividad eléctrica en hojas primarias durante el invierno y primavera. La tasa absoluta de crecimiento (TAC) del brote terminal se obtuvo a través de la medición de altura total de las plantas.Resultados y discusión: En invierno y primavera se obtuvo ID promedio de 50 y 64 %, respectivamente. En invernadero, el ID fue diferente (P ≤ 0.05) entre las poblaciones, siendo mayor en Guadalupe (>59 %) que en Cedros (<42 %), tanto en invierno como en primavera. En intemperie, Cedros (64.1 %) tuvo mayor ID que Guadalupe (36.5 %) solo durante el invierno. El ID fue similar tanto en el tratamiento de humedad favorable como en la sequía. La población de Guadalupe presentó TAC mayor en ambos ambientes y condiciones de humedad.Conclusión: La población de Guadalupe es más sensible a las bajas temperaturas con mayor variación en el ID, debido a su dinámica de crecimiento. Las diferencias entre poblaciones son útiles en el mejoramiento genético de la especie.
Effects of Marine Organic Aerosols as Sources of Immersion-Mode Ice Nucleating Particles on High Latitude Mixed-Phase Clouds
Authors: Zhao Xi , Liu Xiaohong , Burrows Susannah , Shi Yang
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds are frequently observed in the Arctic, Antarctic, and over the Southern Ocean, and have important impacts on the surface energy budget and regional climate. Marine organic aerosol (MOA), a natural source of aerosol emitted over ~ 70 % of Earth’s surface, may significantly modify the properties and radiative forcing of mixed-phase clouds. However, the relative importance of MOA as a source of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in comparison to mineral dust, and its effects as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and INPs on mixed-phase clouds are still open questions. In this study, we implement MOA as a new aerosol species into the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 (CAM6), the atmosphere component of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), and allow the treatments of aerosol-cloud interactions of MOA via droplet activation and ice nucleation. CAM6 reproduces observed seasonal cycles of marine organic matter at Mace Head and Amsterdam Island when the MOA fraction of sea spray aerosol in the model is assumed to depend on sea spray biology, but fails when this fraction is assumed to be constant. Model results indicate that marine INPs dominate primary ice nucleation below 400 hPa over the Southern Ocean and Arctic boundary layer, while dust INPs are more abundant elsewhere. By acting as CCN, MOA exerts a shortwave cloud forcing change of −2.78 W m–2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral summer. By acting as INPs, MOA enhances the longwave cloud forcing by 0.35 W m–2 over the Southern Ocean in the austral winter. The annual global mean net cloud forcing changes due to CCN and INPs of MOA are −0.35 and 0.016 W m–2, respectively. These findings highlight the vital importance of Earth System Models to consider the MOA as an important aerosol species for the interactions of biogeochemistry, hydrological cycle, and climate change.
Gradient boosting machine learning to improve satellite-derived column water vapor measurement error
Authors: Just Allan C. , Liu Yang , Sorek-Hamer Meytar , Rush Johnathan , Dorman Michael , Chatfield Robert , Wang Yujie , Lyapustin Alexei , Kloog Itai
Published: September 2020

Abstract. The atmospheric products of the Multi-Angle
Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm include column
water vapor (CWV) at a 1 km resolution, derived from daily overpasses of
NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments
aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites. We have recently shown that machine
learning using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) can improve the
estimation of MAIAC aerosol optical depth (AOD). Although MAIAC CWV is
generally well validated (Pearson's R > 0.97 versus CWV from
AERONET sun photometers), it has not yet been assessed whether
machine-learning approaches can further improve CWV. Using a novel
spatiotemporal cross-validation approach to avoid overfitting, our XGBoost
model, with nine features derived from land use terms, date, and ancillary
variables from the MAIAC retrieval, quantifies and can correct a substantial
portion of measurement error relative to collocated measurements at AERONET
sites (26.9 % and 16.5 % decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) for
Terra and Aqua datasets, respectively) in the Northeastern USA, 2000–2015.
We use machine-learning interpretation tools to illustrate complex patterns
of measurement error and describe a positive bias in MAIAC Terra CWV
worsening in recent summertime conditions. We validate our predictive model
on MAIAC CWV estimates at independent stations from the SuomiNet GPS network
where our corrections decrease the RMSE by 19.7 % and 9.5 % for Terra
and Aqua MAIAC CWV. Empirically correcting for measurement error with
machine-learning algorithms is a postprocessing opportunity to improve
satellite-derived CWV data for Earth science and remote sensing
applications.
Microbial diversity-informed modelling of polar marine ecosystem functions
Authors: Kim Hyewon Heather , Bowman Jeff S. , Luo Ya-Wei , Ducklow Hugh W. , Schofield Oscar M. , Steinberg Deborah K. , Doney Scott C.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize organic carbon for growth and biomass synthesis. Thus, their variability is key to the balance between the production and consumption of organic matter and ultimately particle export in the ocean. Here we investigate a potential link between bacterial traits and ecosystem functions in a rapidly changing polar marine ecosystem based on a bacteria-oriented ecosystem model. Using a data-assimilation scheme we utilize the observations of bacterial groups with different physiological states to constrain the group-specific bacterial ecosystem functions. We also investigate the association of the modelled bacterial and other ecosystem functions with eight recurrent modes representative of different bacterial taxonomic traits. High nucleic acid (HNA) bacteria show relatively high cell-specific bacterial production, respiration, and utilization of the semi-labile dissolved organic carbon pool compared to low nucleic acid (LNA) bacteria. Both taxonomy and physiological states of the bacteria are strong predictors of bacterial carbon demand, net primary production, and particle export. Numerical experiments under perturbed climate conditions show overall increased bacterial activity and a potential shift from LNA- to HNA-dominated bacterial communities in a warming ocean. Microbial diversity via different taxonomic and physiological traits informs our ecosystem model, providing insights into key bacterial and ecosystem functions in a changing environment.
The Sea State CCI dataset v1: towards a sea state climate data record based on satellite observations
Authors: Dodet Guillaume , Piolle Jean-François , Quilfen Yves , Abdalla Saleh , Accensi Mickaël , Ardhuin Fabrice , Ash Ellis , Bidlot Jean-Raymond , Gommenginger Christine , Marechal Gwendal , Passaro Marcello , Quartly Graham , Stopa Justin , Timmermans Ben , Young Ian , Cipollini Paolo , Donlon Craig
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Sea state data are of major importance for climate studies, marine engineering, safety at sea and coastal management. However, long-term sea state datasets are sparse and not always consistent, and sea state data users still mostly rely on numerical wave models for research and engineering applications. Facing the urgent need for a sea state climate data record, the Global Climate Observing System has listed “Sea State” as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV), fostering the launch in 2018 of the Sea State Climate Change Initiative (CCI). The CCI is a programme of the European Space Agency, whose objective is to realise the full potential of global Earth observation archives established by ESA and its member states in order to contribute to the ECV database. This paper presents the implementation of the first release of the Sea State CCI dataset, the implementation and benefits of a high-level denoising method, its validation against in situ measurements and numerical model outputs, and the future developments considered within the Sea State CCI project. The Sea State CCI dataset v1 is freely available on the ESA CCI website (http://cci.esa.int/data, last access: 25 August 2020) at ftp://anon-ftp.ceda.ac.uk/neodc/esacci/sea_state/data/v1.1_release/ (last access: 25 August 2020). Three products are available: a multi-mission along-track L2P product (http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/f91cd3ee7b6243d5b7d41b9beaf397e1, Piollé et al., 2020a), a daily merged multi mission along-track L3 product (http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/3ef6a5a66e9947d39b356251909dc12b, Piollé et al., 2020b) and a multi-mission monthly gridded L4 product (http://dx.doi.org/10.5285/47140d618dcc40309e1edbca7e773478, Piollé et al., 2020c).
Earth transformed: detailed mapping of global human modification from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Theobald David M. , Kennedy Christina , Chen Bin , Oakleaf James , Baruch-Mordo Sharon , Kiesecker Joe
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Data on the extent, patterns, and trends of human land use are critically
important to support global and national priorities for conservation and
sustainable development. To inform these issues, we created a series of
detailed global datasets for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 to evaluate temporal
and spatial trends of land use modification of terrestrial lands (excluding
Antarctica). We found that the expansion of and increase in human modification
between 1990 and 2015 resulted in 1.6 M km2 of natural land lost. The
percent change between 1990 and 2015 was 15.2 % or 0.6 % annually –
about 178 km2 daily or over 12 ha min−1. Worrisomely, we
found that the global rate of loss has increased over the past 25 years. The
greatest loss of natural lands from 1990 to 2015 occurred in Oceania, Asia, and
Europe, and the biomes with the greatest loss were mangroves, tropical and
subtropical moist broadleaf forests, and tropical and subtropical dry
broadleaf forests. We also created a contemporary (∼2017)
estimate of human modification that included additional stressors and found
that globally 14.6 % or 18.5 M km2 (±0.0013) of lands have
been modified – an area greater than Russia. Our novel datasets are
detailed (0.09 km2 resolution), temporal (1990–2015), recent
(∼2017), comprehensive (11 change stressors, 14 current),
robust (using an established framework and incorporating classification
errors and parameter uncertainty), and strongly validated. We believe these
datasets support an improved understanding of the profound transformation
wrought by human activities and provide foundational data on the amount,
patterns, and rates of landscape change to inform planning and decision-making for environmental mitigation, protection, and restoration. The datasets generated from this work are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3963013 (Theobald et al., 2020).
Database of Petrophysical Properties of the Mid-German Crystalline
High
Authors: Weinert Sebastian , Bär Kristian , Sass Ingo
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Petrophysical properties are a key element for reservoir characterization but also for interpreting the results of various geophysical exploration methods or geophysical well logs. Furthermore, petrophysical properties are commonly used to populate numerical models and are often critically governing the model results. Despite the common need of detailed petrophysical properties, data is still very scarce and often not available for the area of interest. Furthermore, both the online research for published property measurements or compilations, as well as dedicated measurements campaigns of the selected properties, which requires comprehensive laboratory equipment, can be very time-consuming and costly. To date, most published research results are often focused on a limited selection of parameters only and hence, researching various petrophysical properties, needed to account for the thermal-hydraulic-mechanical behavior of selected rock types or reservoir settings, can be very laborious. Since for deep geothermal energy in central Europe, the majority of the geothermal potential or resource is assigned to the crystalline basement, a comprehensive database of petrophysical properties comprising rock densities, porosity, rock matrix permeability, thermal properties (thermal conductivity and diffusivity, specific heat capacity) as well as rock mechanical properties as compressive and shear wave velocities, unconfined compressive strength, Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, tensile strength and triaxial shear strength was compiled by measurements conducted at the HydroThermikum lab facilities of the Technical University of Darmstadt. Analyzed samples were mostly derived from abandoned or active quarries and natural or artificial outcrops such as road cuts, river banks or steep hill slopes. Furthermore, samples of the cored deep wells Worms 3 (samples from 2175–2195 m), Stockstadt 33R (samples from 2245–2267 m), Weiterstadt 1 (samples from 2502–2504 m), Tiefbohrung Groß-Umstadt/Heubach, B/89–B02 and the cored shallow wells Forschungsbohrung Messel GA 1 and 2 as well as GWM17 Zwingenberg, GWM1A Zwingenberg, Langenthal BK2/05, EWS267/1 Heubach, and archive samples of the Institut für Steinkonservierung e.V. in Mainz originating from a comprehensive large scale sampling campaign in 2007 were investigated. The database (Weinert et al. 2020b, https://doi.org/10.25534/tudatalib-278) aims to provide easily accessible petrophysical properties of the Mid-German Crystalline High, measured on 224 locations in Bavaria, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate and Thuringia and comprising 26,951 single data points. Each data point is addressed with the respective metadata such as sample identifier, sampling location, petrography and if applicable stratigraphy and sampling depth (in case of well samples).
Structural features derived from a Multiscale Analysis and 2.75D Modelling of Aeromagnetic Data over the Pitoa-Figuil Area (Northern Cameroon)
Authors: Souga Kassia Voltaire , Ndougsa-Mbarga Theophile , Meying Arsène , Ngoh Jean Daniel , Ngoa Embeng Steve
Published: September 2020

Abstract. In the Pitoa-Figuil area (Northern Cameroon), an interpretation of aeromagnetic data was conducted. The aim of this investigation was first to emphasize lineaments hidden under geological formations and secondly to propose two 2.75D models of the subsurface structures. Different magnetic data processing techniques were used, notably horizontal gradient magnitude, analytic signal, and Euler deconvolution. These techniques in combination with the 2.75D modelling to the aeromagnetic anomaly reduced to the equator permit to understand the stratification of the deep and near surface structures, which are sources of the observed anomalies. We managed to put in evidence and characterize 18 faults and some intrusive bodies. According to Euler's solutions, anomaly sources go up to a depth of 5.3 km.
Brief communication: Mapping Greenland's perennial firn aquifers using enhanced-resolution L-band brightness temperature image time series
Authors: Miller Julie Z. , Long David G. , Jezek Kenneth C. , Johnson Joel T. , Brodzik Mary J. , Shuman Christopher A. , Koenig Lora S. , Scambos Ted A.
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Enhanced-resolution L-band brightness temperature (TB) image time
series generated from observations collected over the Greenland Ice Sheet by
NASA's Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite are used to map
Greenland's perennial firn aquifers from space. Exponentially decreasing
L-band TB signatures are correlated with perennial firn aquifer areas
identified via the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)
Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) that was flown by NASA's
Operation IceBridge (OIB) campaign. An empirical algorithm to map extent is
developed by fitting these signatures to a set of sigmoidal curves. During
the spring of 2016, perennial firn aquifer areas are found to extend over
∼66 000 km2.