bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stereo electroencephalography–guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG‐guided RF‐TC) in drug‐resistant focal epilepsy: Results from a 10‐year experience
Authors: Bourdillon Pierre , Isnard Jean , Catenoix Hélène , Montavont Alexandra , Rheims Sylvain , Ryvlin Philippe , Ostrowsky‐Coste Karine , Mauguiere François , Guénot Marc
Published: November 2016

Objective

Stereo electroencephalography (SEEG)–guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (SEEG‐guided RF‐TC) has been proposed since 2004 as a possible treatment of some focal drug‐resistant epilepsy. The aim of this study is to provide extensive data about efficacy and safety of SEEG‐guided RF‐TC.

Methods

Over a 10‐year period, 162 patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy were eligible for SEEG‐guided RF‐TG during phase II invasive investigation by SEEG. All follow‐up and safety data were collected prospectively. The primary outcome was seizure freedom at 2 months and at 1 year after SEEG‐guided RF‐TC. Secondary outcomes were the responders' rate (patient with at least 50% decrease in seizure frequency) and their long‐term follow‐up.

Results

Twenty‐five percent of patients were seizure‐free at 2 months and 7% at 1 year. We reported 67% of responders at 2 months and 48% at 1 year; 58% of responders maintained their status during the long‐term follow‐up. The seizure outcome was significantly better when the SEEG‐guided RF‐TC involved the occipital region (p = 0.007). When surgery followed an SEEG‐guided RF‐TC, the positive predictive value of being a responder 2 months after an SEEG‐guided RF‐TC and to be Engel's class I or II after surgery was 93%. We reported 1.1% of permanent deficit and 2.4% of transient side effects.

Significance

Our results, gathered in a large population over a 10‐year period, confirm that SEEG‐guided RF‐TC is a safe technique, being efficient in many cases. More than two thirds of patients showed a short‐term improvement, and almost half of them were responders at 1‐year follow‐up. The technique appears to be especially interesting for limited epileptic zone inaccessible to surgery and when epilepsy is related to a large unilateral network (network disruption by multiple RF‐TC). Furthermore, SEEG‐guided RF‐TC effect is a predictor of outcome after conventional cortectomy in patients eligible for surgery.
Dynamic Asset Allocation with Liabilities
Authors: Giamouridis Daniel , Sakkas Athanasios , Tessaromatis Nikolaos
Published: November 2016

We develop an analytical solution to the dynamic multi‐period portfolio choice problem of an investor with risky liabilities and time varying investment opportunities. We use the model to compare the asset allocation of investors who take liabilities into account, assuming time varying returns and a multi‐period setting with the asset allocation of myopic ALM investors. In the absence of regulatory constraints on asset allocation weights, there are significant gains to investors who have access to a dynamic asset allocation model with liabilities. The gains are smaller under the typical funding ratio constraints faced by pension funds.
Differences in extracellular matrix proteins between Friesian horses with aortic rupture, unaffected Friesians and Warmblood horses
Authors: Ploeg M. , Gröne A. , van de Lest C. H. A. , Saey V. , Duchateau L. , Wolsein P. , Chiers K. , Ducatelle R. , van Weeren P. R. , de Bruijn M. , Delesalle C.
Published: November 2016

Background

Unlike in Warmblood horses, aortic rupture is quite common in Friesian horses, in which a hereditary trait is suspected. The aortic connective tissue in affected Friesians shows histological changes such as medial necrosis, elastic fibre fragmentation, mucoid material accumulation and fibrosis with aberrant collagen morphology. However, ultrastructural examination of the collagen fibres of the mid‐thoracic aorta has been inconclusive in further elucidating the pathogenesis of the disease.

Objectives

To assess several extracellular matrix (ECM) components biochemically in order to explore a possible underlying breed‐related systemic ECM defect in Friesians with aortic rupture.

Study design

Cadaver study.

Methods

Tissues from affected Friesians (n = 18), unaffected Friesians (n = 10) and Warmblood horses (n = 30) were compared. Samples were taken from the thoracic aorta at the level of the rupture site, from two locations caudal to the rupture and from the deep digital flexor tendon. Total collagen content, post‐translational modifications of collagen formation including lysine hydroxylation, and hydroxylysylpyridinoline (HP), lysylpyridinoline (LP) and pyrrole cross‐links were analysed. Additionally, elastin cross‐links, glycosaminoglycan content and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were assessed.

Results

Significantly increased MMP activity and increased LP and HP cross‐linking, lysine hydroxylation and elastin cross‐linking were found at the site of rupture in affected Friesians. These changes may reflect processes involved in healing and aneurysm formation. Unaffected Friesians had less lysine hydroxylation and pyrrole cross‐linking within the tendons compared with Warmblood horses. No differences in the matrix of the aorta were found between normal Warmbloods and Friesian horses.

Main limitations

Small sample size.

Conclusions

The differences in collagen parameters in tendon tissue may reflect differences in connective tissue metabolism between Friesians and Warmblood horses.
Hypertension and pregnancy: expert consensus statement from the French Society of Hypertension, an affiliate of the French Society of Cardiology
Authors: Mounier‐Vehier Claire , Amar Jacques , Boivin Jean‐Marc , Denolle Thierry , Fauvel Jean‐Pierre , Plu‐Bureau Geneviève , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Blacher Jacques
Published: November 2016

High blood pressure in pregnancy remains, by its complications, the leading cause of morbidity as well as maternal and fetal mortality. The frequency (5–10% of pregnancies) and the potential severity of this disease, for both mother and child, encourage to standardize and to optimize our medical practices. If the short‐term complications for the mother and child are well known, long‐term ones for the mother are beginning to be better identified. The onset of hypertension during pregnancy disrupts the classic organization of health care and requires the intervention of the general practitioner and/or an obstetrician, a gynecologist, a midwife, a cardiologist, a nephrologist. There is not always a care coordinator, and decisions are sometimes taken with delay. This is what drove the French Society of Hypertension, in partnership with the French National College of Gynecologists‐Obstetricians, to develop a consensus proposing easy‐to‐use guidelines. Educating women and all health professionals to hypertension and its management, in line with current scientific data, is one of the major challenges of this consensus.
Finite fracture mechanics predictions on the apparent fracture toughness of as‐quenched Charpy V‐type AISI 4340 steel specimens
Authors: Sapora A , Firrao D
Published: November 2016

Quenching AISI 4340 steel from 1200 °C leads to much higher fracture toughness in the as‐quenched state than by conventional austenitizing at 870 °C. However, the increase is limited to fracture toughness tests, because Charpy V impact/slow bend tests do not show any betterment due to high‐temperature austenitizing. Different explanations of these contradicting results have been proposed since the beginning of the 1970s. In the present paper, this puzzling phenomenon will be revisited through the coupled stress and energy criterion in the framework of finite fracture mechanics. The approach involves two material parameters, namely the tensile strength and the fracture toughness, and a critical distance (or finite crack advance), which results to be a structural property. The connection between the critical distance, the microstructure characteristic (i.e. the grain size) and the effective radius involved by other models proposed in the past will be outlined, providing an interesting overview on the studies carried out during the last four decades.
How Accurately Can Z‐score Predict Bank Failure?
Authors: Chiaramonte Laura , Liu (Frank) Hong , Poli Federica , Zhou Mingming
Published: November 2016

Bank risk is not directly observable, so empirical research relies on indirect measures. We evaluate how well Z‐score, the widely used accounting‐based measure of bank distance to default, can predict bank failure. Using the U.S. commercial banks’ data from 2004 to 2012, we find that on average, Z‐score can predict 76% of bank failure, and additional set of other bank‐ and macro‐level variables do not increase this predictability level. We also find that the prediction power of Z‐score to predict bank default remains stable within the three‐year forward window.
Offshore currents explain the discontinuity of a fish community in the seagrass bed along the Japanese archipelago
Authors: Fukuta Atsushi , Kamimura Yasuhiro , Hori Masakazu , Nakaoka Masahiro , Noda Tsutomu , Yamashita Yoh , Otake Tsuguo , Shoji Jun
Published: November 2016

Oceanographic conditions can affect spatial variability in fish community structures by influencing the temperature‐dependent latitudinal distribution of adult fishes and transport during their young stages. In order to examine latitudinal variability in the fish community structure within a single coastal ecosystem, quantitative sampling was conducted in the sub‐tidal zone of seagrass Zostera marina beds over a broad latitudinal scale (31.31–43.0°N: from subtropical to sub‐boreal zones, covering 80% of the latitudinal range of seagrass distribution in Japan) in the western North Pacific based on a uniform methodology. Cluster analysis with the similarity of fish communities showed that 13 sampling sites were divided into two clusters. The border between the two clusters corresponded with the area of mixing of two dominant currents, Oyashio and Kuroshio, which form a border between the warm temperate zone and the cool temperate zone off the Pacific coast of Japan. Oceanographic properties, such as major currents off the coast, are suggested to affect the latitudinal variability in the fish communities in the coastal ecosystem in the western North Pacific.
Winter sheltering by juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta) – effects of stream wood and an instream ectothermic predator
Authors: Enefalk Åsa , Watz Johan , Greenberg Larry , Bergman Eva
Published: November 2016

In boreal streams, juvenile salmonids spend substantial amounts of time sheltering in the streambed and in stream wood, presumably as a means of protection against the physical environment and from terrestrial endothermic predators. Relatively little is known about sheltering by salmonids in response to instream ectothermic predators.

We tested the effects of burbot (Lota lota) on the winter sheltering behaviour of PIT‐tagged 0+ brown trout (Salmo trutta) in daylight and darkness. Sheltering in the streambed by trout was studied in the presence and absence of fine wood bundles.

We found that the use of streambed and fine wood was lower in darkness than in daylight. Availability of fine wood significantly decreased sheltering in the streambed, and this effect was more pronounced in daylight than in darkness. The presence of a burbot significantly decreased sheltering in the streambed, had no effect on use of fine wood and resulted in a higher number of exposed trout.

Our results indicate that juvenile brown trout decrease streambed sheltering in response to a burrowing, ectothermic predator.
The digitization of diaspora engagement: managing extraterritorial talent using the internet
Authors: KANG TINGYU
Published: November 2016

In this article, I examine how the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) seeks to manage its skilled emigrants in the information age; I investigate the rationales, techniques and imageries underlying the use of the internet by the state. For the research, I used interviews, participant observation and documentary analysis to explore the case of London‐based Chinese professionals and their contacts with the PRC government. The findings demonstrate that two modes of internet use mainly manage these skilled emigrants. First, digitized diasporic associations play a key role in brokering the influences of the government among the diaspora. Second, the PRC government has set up websites to collect and manage information on skilled emigrants pertaining to their labour market potential. A nationalistic discourse of a caring and protective state of origin surround both governing practices. Nevertheless, some emigrants resist these internet‐mediated governing practices, through distrust and a calculated rationality underscored by a neoliberal logic.
Oligomerization of Hmo1 mediated by box A is essential for DNA binding in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Kasahara Koji , Higashino Ayako , Unzai Satoru , Yoshikawa Hirofumi , Kokubo Tetsuro
Published: November 2016

Hmo1, a member of HMGB family proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, binds to and regulates the transcription of genes encoding ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins. The functional motifs of Hmo1 include two HMG‐like motifs, box A and box B, and a C‐terminal tail. To elucidate the molecular roles of the HMG‐like boxes in DNA binding in vivo, we analyzed the DNA‐binding activity of various Hmo1 mutants using ChIP or reporter assays that enabled us to conveniently detect Hmo1 binding to the promoter of RPS5, a major target gene of Hmo1. Our mutational analyses showed that box B is a bona fide DNA‐binding motif and that it also plays other important roles in cell growth. However, box A, especially its first α‐helix, contributes to DNA binding of Hmo1 by inducing self‐assembly of Hmo1. Intriguingly, box A mediated formation of oligomers of more than two proteins on DNA in vivo. Furthermore, duplication of the box B partially alleviates the requirement for box A. These findings suggest that the principal role of box A is to assemble multiple box B in the appropriate orientation, thereby stabilizing the binding of Hmo1 to DNA and nucleating specific chromosomal architecture on its target genes.
Hakim Revisited: Preference, Choice and the Postfeminist Gender Regime
Authors: Lewis Patricia , Simpson Ruth
Published: November 2016

We revisit Hakim's influential preference theory to demonstrate how it is both reflective of postfeminism and generative of its values and practices. We differentiate between two interpretations of postfeminism — first a surface‐level ‘successful but obsolete’ version articulated by Hakim and second a multilayered account of postfeminism as a discursive formation connected to a set of discourses around gender, feminism and femininity. Drawing on this latter version we make visible the embeddedness of postfeminism in preference theory, highlighting its connection to the creation of a new postfeminist subjectivity based on an agentic and ‘choosing’ femininity. We show how a consideration of preference theory in terms of the emergence and constitution of ‘the female chooser’ opens up aspects of Hakim's thesis that to date have been overlooked. In addition, our postfeminist reading of preference theory draws out aspects of Hakim's account that she herself understated. Specifically, within a contemporary context where equivalent priority is afforded to wage work and care work, it is Hakim's ‘adaptive’ woman who exemplifies the new postfeminist subject required to perform well simultaneously in both the work and domestic domains.
Hemicrania Continua: Beneficial Effect of Non‐Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation in a Patient With a Contraindication for Indomethacin
Authors: Eren Ozan , Straube Andreas , Schöberl Florian , Schankin Christoph
Published: November 2016

Hemicrania continua (HC) is a primary chronic headache disorder, characterized by a continuous and strictly unilateral headache, with possible cranial autonomic symptoms during episodes of pain exacerbation. The unilateral headache generally responds well to indomethacin; however, continuous indomethacin intake is often not tolerated due to severe adverse effects, like hypertension, gastrointestinal discomfort (especially if combined with aspirin), slightly increased risk of vascular events, and bronchial spasms. Therefore, alternative treatment options are desperately needed. Non‐invasive vagus nerve stimulation (nVNS) has been shown to be effective in patients with cluster headache, another trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC), with cranial parasympathetic autonomic activation during the attacks.
Easy read and accessible information for people with intellectual disabilities: Is it worth it? A meta‐narrative literature review
Authors: Chinn Deborah , Homeyard Claire
Published: November 2016

Background

The proliferation of “accessible information” for people with intellectual disabilities in UK health care has accelerated in recent years, underpinned by policy guidance alongside the recent introduction of mandatory standards. However, questions have been raised as to the impact of such resources as a means of enhancing involvement in health care and addressing health inequalities.

Objective

To review and synthesize the evidence from different approaches used to evaluate the impact of accessible information for people with intellectual disabilities using a meta‐narrative approach.

Search strategy

Literature searches were iterative and incorporated formal databases, grey literature and hand searches alongside more intuitive and opportunistic methods.

Inclusion criteria

Included English language papers published before December 2015 described the design and evaluation of written information adapted for adults with intellectual disabilities.

Data extraction and synthesis

We organized the papers into five groups according to similarity in authors’ writing styles and presentation, epistemology and theoretical foundations, aims and methodologies, professional and organizational identities.

Main results

The 42 included papers in the five groupings occupied diverse positions on (i) public communication vs individualized materials, (ii) literacy as decontextualized skills vs social practices and (iii) the expertise of patients vs professionals. There was limited evidence for the impact of accessible health information, notwithstanding the potential benefits associated with their creation.

Conclusions

Individually tailored information is more likely to meet personalized health information needs for people with intellectual disabilities. The emergence of different social formations in the creation of accessible information has potential for advancing engagement of diverse groups.
Exploring trust in online health information: a study of user experiences of patients.co.uk
Authors: Cunningham Anna , Johnson Frances
Published: November 2016

This feature has been co‐authored by Anna Cunningham and her supervisor Frances Johnson. It is based on the research Anna conducted for her dissertation, which she completed as part of her MA in Library and Information Management at Manchester Metropolitan University. The study explored how people assess the trustworthiness of online health information, and the participants were asked to talk aloud whilst viewing information on the consumer health information website patients.co.uk. The study confirmed that their assessment was based on the information usefulness and credibility as well as identifying the factors relating to information quality and website design that helped to form these judgements.

A. M.
Learning to write through reading
Authors: Grant Maria J.
Published: November 2016

Narrowing the gap between what we want to achieve as writings – publishing a report of our project – and what we achieve as readers – finding a study to inform our practice – can be challenging. One solution in enabling us to achieve this goal is to learn from close reading the writing of others, including writing in development. Close reading, appraisal in its broadest term, encourages us to articulate what we, putting us in touch with how an author has organised information, selected their words and structured their arguments.
The mitosis‐specific marker phosphohistone‐H3 (PHH3) is an independent prognosticator in uterine smooth muscle tumours: an outcome‐based study
Authors: Chow Kin‐Long , Tse Ka‐Yu , Cheung Ching‐Lung , Wong Ka‐Wing , Cheung Annie N Y , Wong Richard W C , Chan Alice N H , Yuen Nancy W F , Ngan Hextan Y S , Ip Philip P C
Published: November 2016

Aims

Accurate mitosis counting, which is important in the diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumours (USMTs), is often difficult and subjective. The mitosis‐specific immunohistochemical marker phosphohistone‐H3 (PHH3) has been shown to be diagnostically useful, but its expression, in relation to outcome, has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate PHH3 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in USMTs.

Methods and results

PHH3 expression was evaluated in 55 leiomyosarcomas (LMSs), 26 smooth muscle tumours of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs), 18 leiomyomas with bizarre nuclei (LBN), and 12 leiomyomas (LMs). Scores were expressed as counts per 10 high‐power fields (HPFs). Median follow‐up durations of patients with LMS, STUMP, LBN and LM were, respectively, 39, 78, 65.5 and 49.5 months. Twenty‐eight patients with LMSs (50.9%) died, and two (7.7%) patients with STUMPs experienced recurrence. The median PHH3 scores for LMSs were significantly higher than those for other categories of tumour. A score of ≥29/10 HPFs was also independently associated with a poor outcome. To test whether the PHH3 score could distinguish between benign USMTs with atypical histology and those that were clinically malignant, two biological groups were further delineated. Patients in group 1 (18 LBNs and 24 STUMPs) all had an uneventful outcome, whereas patients in group 2 (two recurrent STUMPs and 32 LMSs) all had a recurrence or tumour‐related death. Median PHH3 scores for the two groups were, respectively, 2/10 HPFs and 27/10 HPFs. A PHH3 score of ≥7/10 HPFs was highly associated with malignancy.

Conclusion

PHH3 is useful in evaluation of the biological behaviour of USMTs, and may serve as a prognostic indicator for LMSs.
ESTABLISHMENT DYNAMICS, VACANCIES, AND UNEMPLOYMENT: A NEOCLASSICAL APPROACH
Authors: Veracierto Marcelo
Published: November 2016

This article introduces and analyzes a Walrasian model of worker flows, job flows, vacancies, and unemployment. Calibrating the model to U.S. data, the article finds that all variables comove with output quite well but that they fluctuate too little. However, the failure is not as bad as in “Shimer's puzzle.” Interestingly, the article also finds that introducing establishment dynamics into the model, while realistic, is irrelevant for understanding unemployment and vacancy fluctuations: The business cycles of the model with establishment dynamics are virtually the same as those of a version with a representative firm.
MONEY CYCLES
Authors: Clausen Andrew , Strub Carlo
Published: November 2016

Operating overheads are widespread and lead to concentrated bursts of activity. To transfer resources between active and idle spells, agents demand financial assets. Futures contracts and lotteries are unsuitable, as they have substantial overheads of their own. We show that money—under efficient monetary policy—is a liquid asset that leads to efficient allocations. Under all other policies, agents follow inefficient “money cycle” patterns of saving, activity, and inactivity. Agents spend their money too quickly—a hot‐potato effect of inflation. We show that inflation can stimulate inefficiently high aggregate output.
A TALE OF TAX POLICIES IN OPEN ECONOMIES
Authors: Auray Stéphane , Eyquem Aurélien , Gomme Paul
Published: November 2016

To evaluate fiscal policy reforms for Euro‐area countries, this article develops and calibrates a small open economy model. Debt reduction reforms require higher tax rates in the short term in exchange for lower rates in the long term as the debt‐servicing burden falls. Using the capital income tax to implement such a policy leads to welfare gains; the consumption tax, a very small welfare gain; and the labor income tax, a welfare loss. Holding fixed the long‐run debt–output ratio, offsetting a lower capital income tax with either a higher labor income or consumption tax generally yields welfare gains.
CORPORATE CASH HOLDINGS AND CREDIT LINE USAGE
Authors: Boileau Martin , Moyen Nathalie
Published: November 2016

We investigate the factors driving the unprecedented rise in corporate liquidities since the 1970s. We find that an economy‐wide reduction in the cost of holding liquidities and an increase in risk best explain the rise in cash holdings and the widespread use of credit lines. The structural estimation results shed light on two widely acknowledged motives for holding cash. The precautionary motive and the liquidity motive translate risk exposure into cash holdings. Our results, however, do not suggest that firms have become more prudent over time. It is higher liquidity needs that has forced firms to hold more cash and use more credit lines.
Lipid oxidation of brown rice stored at different temperatures
Authors: Liu Kunlun , Li Yang , Chen Fusheng , Yong Fang
Published: November 2016

Changes in lipid oxidation and quality of brown rice stored at different temperatures were investigated. Fatty acid value (FAV), peroxide value (POV) and carbonyl value (CV) of brown rice were determined every 45 day for 270 day. Volatile compounds in seven samples stored for 0, 135 and 270 day were also identified. Relationships between volatile compounds and oxidative indices were analysed. Results revealed that the FAV, POV and CV of brown rice significantly increased (P < 0.05) with prolonged storage. Samples stored at low temperatures showed lower FAV, POV and CV than those stored at high temperatures. Brown rice stored under different conditions produced similar volatiles. Based on the principal component analysis of the volatiles, the first two principal components explained 58.20% of the variance. Volatiles of PC1 were correlated with FAV, POV and CV and can be used as an index to assess the quality of stored brown rice.
The impact of desmin on texture and water‐holding capacity of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillet
Authors: Zang Jinhong , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing
Published: November 2016

The objective of this work was to analyse the role of desmin in texture softening and water‐holding capacity (WHC) of ice‐stored grass carp fillet. Results indicated that shear force of the fillet decreased sharply within 3 days, while drip loss increased during the whole ice storage. Water mobility and distribution were measured by low‐field 1H NMR T2 relaxation that revealed a positive correlation (P < 0.01) between WHC and the mobility of the immobilised water (T21 relaxation time). Meanwhile, negative correlation could be established between intact desmin and drip loss (P < 0.01). Intact desmin was extremely correlated with shear force (P < 0.01) and positively correlated with calpains activity (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that the degradation of desmin was involved in the mobility of the myofibrillar water and softening of grass carp fillet during ice storage. Furthermore, calpains autolysis seemed to result in desmin degradation.
Modelling the evolution of oxidative browning during storage of white wines: effects of packaging and closures
Authors: Ricci Arianna , Parpinello Giuseppina P. , Versari Andrea
Published: November 2016

Shelf life of products is a key parameter for any company at local and international level that wish to improve their competitiveness; thus, there is a need to search for methods that allow one to predict the shelf life of bottled wines. In this view, the progress of chemical oxidative reactions of six Italian white wines during storage (10 months after bottling), in different packaging, was monitored by means of selected oenological parameters. The optical density at 420 nm, an index of browning, showed a progressive increase that fitted the zero‐order kinetic rate. The onset of wine browning was further tested by means of accelerated ageing in controlled temperature conditions which results, modelled using the rate constants approach, showed an Arrhenius‐like dependence from temperature, allowing to estimate apparent activation energies of oxidative chemical browning (range: 46.8–88.3 kJ mol−1). Kinetic and thermodynamic approach provided a useful tool to predict quality changes of white wines during storage with respect to packaging conditions.
Dear Computer, Teach Me Manners: Testing Virtual Employment Interview Training
Authors: Langer Markus , König Cornelius J. , Gebhard Patrick , André Elisabeth
Published: November 2016

Expanding research on employment interview training, this study introduces virtual employment interview (VI) training with focus on nonverbal behavior. In VI training, participants took part in a simulated interview with a virtual character. Simultaneously, the computer analyzed participants’ nonverbal behavior and provided real‐time feedback for it. The control group received parallel interview training. Following training, participants took part in mock interviews, where interviewers rated participants’ nonverbal behavior, and interview performance. Analyses revealed (a) that participants of VI training showed better interview performance, (b) that this effect was mediated by nonverbal behavior, and (c) that VI training has a positive influence on interview anxiety. These results have important practical implications for applicants, career counseling centers, and organizations.
Status Seeking and Manipulative Self‐presentation
Authors: Highhouse Scott , Brooks Margaret E. , Wang Yi
Published: November 2016

Three studies examine the relation of dispositional status‐seeking with workplace self‐presentation behaviors. The first study showed that the status‐seeking motive provided incremental prediction, over and above narcissism and self‐monitoring, in self‐reported exaggerating, faking, and fabricating in job search. The second study showed that, after controlling for the traits from the five factor model of personality, status‐seeking predicted the undesirable job‐search behaviors, as well as use of impression‐management tactics at work. A field study showed that employee status seeking explained supervisor impressions of employee supplication and ingratiation, even after controlling for task and contextual performance. Male status‐seekers were also more likely to engage in intimidation. Status‐seeking appears to be an important motive for understanding manipulative self‐presentation at work.
Development and Validation of Research Scales for the Leadership Multi‐rater Assessment of Personality (LMAP)
Authors: Connelly Brian S. , Warren Ronald A. , Kim Hyunji , Di Domenico Stefano I.
Published: November 2016

This article presents large‐sample developmental and validation research for a set of research scales of an existing 360‐degree personality measure, the LMAP 360 (Leadership Multi‐rater Assessment of Personality). In Study 1 (N = 1,771), we identified 6 broad domains underlying LMAP item clusters: Neuroticism, Dominance, Enthusiasm, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Scales measuring these broad domains and their constituent facets showed strong internal consistency, inter‐rater reliability, and self‐informant correlations. In Study 2 (N = 729 and N = 694), we examined LMAP research scales’ convergent and discriminant validity against three well‐validated personality inventories (Goldberg's adjectives, the Big Five Inventory, and the Big Five Aspects Scales) and one measure of cognitive ability (the International Cognitive Ability Resource). LMAP research scales correlated strongly with corresponding scales from other inventories and were distinct from cognitive ability.
Diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation in Japanese patients: The Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation study
Authors: Okumi Masayoshi , Unagami Kohei , Hirai Toshihito , Shimizu Tomokazu , Ishida Hideki , Tanabe Kazunari ,   the Japan Academic Consortium of Kidney Transplantation (JACK)
Published: November 2016

Objectives

To clarify the incidence rate of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in Japanese kidney transplant recipients, and to explore which treatment components are most effective in reducing post‐transplant diabetes mellitus.

Methods

We analyzed 849 Japanese non‐diabetic adult recipients who had undergone living kidney transplantation and had received tacrolimus‐based immunosuppression from 1996 to 2013 with a median follow‐up of 5 years.

Results

In all, 127 patients developed post‐transplant diabetes mellitus during the follow‐up period. The incidence rate of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus was 15.1% (95% confidence interval 12.7–17.5) at 5 years. Recipient age (hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.05–1.06, P < 0.001 for every 5‐year increase), obesity (hazard ratio 1.70, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.73, P = 0.028), tacrolimus trough level at 2 weeks post‐transplantation (hazard ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.09, P < 0.001 for a 1‐ng/mL increase) and mycophenolate mofetil use (hazard ratio 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.28–0.77, P = 0.003) were significant predictors of post‐transplant diabetes mellitus. Estimated 5‐year predicted incidence rate after adjusting for age and obesity was 9.4% for recipients with a low tacrolimus trough level, and receiving mycophenolate mofetil and 38.4% for recipients with a high tacrolimus trough level and not receiving mycophenolate mofetil.

Conclusions

Post‐transplant diabetes mellitus is a common complication in Japan, similar to that in other Western countries. The present results show that an appropriate immunosuppressive regimen with a combination of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil can reduce the likelihood of developing post‐transplant diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.
Knockdown of genes in the Toll pathway reveals new lethal RNA interference targets for insect pest control
Authors: Bingsohn L. , Knorr E. , Billion A. , Narva K. E. , Vilcinskas A.
Published: November 2016

RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising alternative strategy for ecologically friendly pest management. However, the identification of RNAi candidate genes is challenging owing to the absence of laboratory strains and the seasonality of most pest species. Tribolium castaneum is a well‐established model, with a strong and robust RNAi response, which can be used as a high‐throughput screening platform to identify potential RNAi target genes. Recently, the cactus gene was identified as a sensitive RNAi target for pest control. To explore whether the spectrum of promising RNAi targets can be expanded beyond those found by random large‐scale screening, to encompass others identified using targeted knowledge‐based approaches, we constructed a Cactus interaction network. We tested nine genes in this network and found that the delivery of double‐stranded RNA corresponding to fusilli and cactin showed lethal effects. The silencing of cactin resulted in 100% lethality at every developmental stage from the larva to the adult. The knockdown of pelle, Dorsal‐related immunity factor and short gastrulation reduced or even prevented egg hatching in the next generation. The combination of such targets with lethal and parental RNAi effects can now be tested against different pest species in field studies.
Meaning of resilience as described by people with schizophrenia
Authors: Sumskis Susan , Moxham Lorna , Caputi Peter
Published: November 2016

The aim of the present study was to understand the meaning of resilience, as described by people with schizophrenia. Building resilience is a component of recovery‐oriented mental health care, and yet almost no research has been conducted into the resilience of people who live with schizophrenia and who are routinely considered vulnerable. Establishing the meaning of resilience in the context of schizophrenia is an important first step in building understanding. van Kaam's psychophenomenological method was used to interpret 14 interviews with people with schizophrenia who are currently well and living in the community. Resilience is invoked in the tension between opposing forces of challenge and support and in the act of ‘striving’ to take control of schizophrenia. Striving includes repeated, seemingly backwards steps, and during this, the person takes risks and seeks out and uses supportive people and resources. Those same supportive people and resources can also be challenging. Resilience is an energy embedded in the process of recovery from schizophrenia, and is manifest in an attitude of striving. Taking on challenges and engaging in risk is important within treatment and recovery from schizophrenia.
Drought Tolerance and Water Use of Cereal Crops: A Focus on Sorghum as a Food Security Crop in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hadebe S. T. , Modi A. T. , Mabhaudhi T.
Published: November 2016

Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) faces twin challenges of water stress and food insecurity – challenges that are already pressing and are projected to grow. Sub‐Saharan Africa comprises 43 % arid and semi‐arid area, which is projected to increase due to climate change. Small‐scale, rainfed agriculture is the main livelihood source in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA. Because rainfed agriculture constitutes more than 95 % of agricultural land use, water scarcity is a major limitation to production. Crop production, specifically staple cereal crop production, will have to adapt to water scarcity and improved water productivity (output per water input) to meet food requirements. We propose inclusion and promotion of drought‐tolerant cereal crops in arid and semi‐arid agro‐ecological zones of SSA where water scarcity is a major limitation to cereal production. Sorghum uniquely fits production in such regions, due to high and stable water‐use efficiency, drought and heat tolerance, high germplasm variability, comparative nutritional value and existing food value chain in SSA. However, sorghum is socio‐economically and geographically underutilized in parts of SSA. Sorghum inclusion and/or promotion in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA, especially among subsistence farmers, will improve water productivity and food security.
A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of adolescents’ views of sexual readiness
Authors: Templeton Michelle , Lohan Maria , Kelly Carmel , Lundy Laura
Published: November 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to synthesize the qualitative evidence investigating adolescents’ views on heterosexual readiness.

Background

Adolescents’ understandings of sexual readiness are often missing in research and debates on sexual health and related concepts like sexual consent. Research to date has predominantly focussed on age and socio‐cultural predictors of sexual debut, thus failing to explain how adolescents themselves conceptualize their readiness for heterosexual relations.

Design

A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence.

Data sources

CINAHL, Psychinfo, PubMed, Web of science were searched, 1985–Feb 2016.

Review methods

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess methodological quality. A thematic synthesis focused on commonalities and variations in the data from included studies on adolescents’ perspectives of their readiness for sex.

Results

Sixteen studies were included. Themes identified were: social learning, relationships and implications for sexual health promotion and practice.

Conclusions

Adolescents may not view initiating sex as problematic, focusing instead on the rewards sex brings and less on health concerns. Adolescents tend to reproduce dominant gender norms of masculinity and femininity in communication about sexual decision‐making, which are sometimes influenced by social scripts of career aspirations and ethnic identity. Age was also significant in adolescents’ accounts. Early adolescence is a critical period when understandings of gender equality become embedded, thus an opportunity to engage adolescents in critiquing ideas about gender equality and sexual rights. Further research exploring adolescents’ understandings of sexual readiness is required. We recommend a participatory approach to support the inclusion of adolescent voices to inform contextually relevant sexual health promotion strategies.
Conceptualization of physical exercise and keeping fit by child wheelchair users and their parents
Authors: Noyes Jane , Spencer Llinos Haf , Bray Nathan , Kubis Hans‐Peter , Hastings Richard P. , Jackson Matthew , O'Brien Thomas D.
Published: November 2016

Aim

To gain a better understanding of how children aged 6–18 years who use wheelchairs and their families conceptualized physical exercise and keeping fit.

Background

Disabled children with reduced mobility are commonly overweight and unfit. Nurse‐led health screening programmes in schools commonly exclude disabled children if they cannot use standard weighing scales or stand against height measuring sticks.

Design

Qualitative interview study at two time points over 6 months with children who use wheelchairs and their families.

Methods

Framework analysis using the theory of planned behaviour.

Findings

Mainly physically active participants were recruited (24 children and 23 parents) 2013–2014. Despite engaging in high levels of physical exercise, children were assessed as fit but had elevated body fat and did not realize how fit they were or that they were slightly overweight and nor did their parents. Children enjoyed the social benefits of exercise. Unlike their parents, children confused the purpose and outcomes of physical exercise with therapy (e.g. physiotherapy) and incorrectly understood the effects of physical exercise on body function and strength, preventing stiffness, increasing stamina and reducing fatigue. A new model was developed to show children's misconceptions.

Conclusions

Proactive parents can overcome barriers to enable their children to benefit from physical exercise. Professionals need to increase communication clarity to improve children's understanding of therapy compared with physical exercise outcomes. Inclusion of children who use wheelchairs in health education policy; routine health screening; physical education classes and teacher training requires improvement. Body composition measurement is recommended, for which nurses will need training.
A systematic review: effectiveness of pediatric peripheral intravenous catheterization strategies
Authors: Parker Shannon I.A. , Benzies Karen M. , Hayden K. Alix
Published: November 2016

Aim

The aim of this study was to identify interventions associated with peripheral intravenous catheterization first attempt success in pediatric inpatients and emergency department patients who require vascular access for therapeutic interventions.

Background

Unsuccessful peripheral intravenous catheterization puts children at risk for increased pain and treatment delays. Effective interventions to increase peripheral intravenous catheterization first attempt success are unclear.

Design

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials according to the Cochrane Handbook for the Systematic Review of Interventions.

Data sources

Through November and December 2014, we searched 10 databases including MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and CINAHL (EBSCO) without date limits. The references of articles were also reviewed. We included full text reports of randomized controlled trials testing intervention first attempt success rates vs. standard of care.

Review methods

According to inclusion and exclusion criteria set a priori, data were extracted using a standardized tool. We assessed for risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Due to unclear reporting narrative synthesis was used to report results.

Results

Four cluster randomized control trials and ten randomized control trials involving 4539 participants ranging from 15·6 days to 16 years of age met our inclusion criteria. We excluded the four cluster trials from meta‐analysis due to unclear reporting. Interventions did not increase first attempt success rate compared with standard of care.

Conclusions

There was insufficient evidence to support the use of ultrasound, infrared light or transillumination. Interventions to reduce children's pain did not decrease first attempt success. Research examining between‐clinician proficiency and persistence differences is absent.
Bimodal latitudinal species richness and high endemicity of razor clams (Mollusca)
Authors: Saeedi Hanieh , Dennis Todd E. , Costello Mark J.
Published: November 2016

Aim

To examine the global distribution, endemicity, and latitudinal gradients of species richness of razor clams, family Solenidae.

Location

Global.

Methods

A total of 3105 distribution records for 77 Solen and Solena species were used. Species richness was plotted in 5° latitude–longitude cells and related to environmental variables.

Results

The north‐west Pacific and the Indo‐West Pacific have the highest species richness (about 85% of all species)–mostly in the Sea of Japan, China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. Cluster analysis of similarity patterns of species composition (i.e., presence of Solenidae species) for 5° latitudinal–longitudinal grid cells showed 16 significant biogeographical regions that concur with existing marine biogeographical hypotheses. More than half of the species were endemic to specific biogeographical regions. The geographical distribution of species in 5° latitudinal bands showed a significant bimodal pattern. Global patterns of species richness increased from the poles to intermediate latitudes and dipped near the equator. A non‐linear relationship between species richness and mean sea‐surface temperature (SST) values was compatible with this bimodal pattern. Two inflection points of species richness with correlation of SST at 12 °C (low species richness) and 28 °C (high species richness) were coincident with the bimodal latitudinal species richness pattern. Species richness was highly positively correlated with mean SST over all latitudes, and within the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Species richness decreased with SST range over all latitudes and in the Northern Hemisphere. Species richness also decreased with chlorophyll‐a concentration and primary productivity, but increased with ocean area in the Northern Hemisphere (only).

Main conclusions

The latitudinal distribution in species richness of Solenidae peaked at 10° N and 25° S rather than at the equator, exhibiting a strongly bimodal pattern that is likely to be temperature driven.
Emerging technologies for salivaomics in cancer detection
Authors: Kaczor‐Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Martín Carreras‐Presas Carmen , Kaczor Tadeusz , Tu Michael , Wei Fang , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Wong David T. W.
Published: November 2016

Salivary diagnostics has great potential to be used in the early detection and prevention of many cancerous diseases. If implemented with rigour and efficiency, it can result in improving patient survival times and achieving earlier diagnosis of disease. Recently, extraordinary efforts have been taken to develop non‐invasive technologies that can be applied without complicated and expensive procedures. Saliva is a biofluid that has demonstrated excellent properties and can be used as a diagnostic fluid, since many of the biomarkers suggested for cancers can also be found in whole saliva, apart from blood or other body fluids. The currently accepted gold standard methods for biomarker development include chromatography, mass spectometry, gel electrophoresis, microarrays and polymerase chain reaction‐based quantification. However, salivary diagnostics is a flourishing field with the rapid development of novel technologies associated with point‐of‐care diagnostics, RNA sequencing, electrochemical detection and liquid biopsy. Those technologies will help introduce population‐based screening programs, thus enabling early detection, prognosis assessment and disease monitoring. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive update on the emerging diagnostic technologies and tools for the early detection of cancerous diseases based on saliva.