bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genotyping of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Senok Abiola , Nassar Rania , Celiloglu Handan , Nabi Anju , Alfaresi Mubarak , Weber Stefan , Rizvi Irfan , Müller Elke , Reissig Annett , Gawlik Darius , Monecke Stefan , Ehricht Ralf
Published: October 2020

Reports from Arabian Gulf countries have demonstrated emergence of novel methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. To address the lack of data from the United Arab Emirates (UAE), genetic characterisation of MRSA identified between December 2017 and August 2019 was conducted using DNA microarray-based assays. The 625 MRSA isolates studied were grouped into 23 clonal complexes (CCs) and assigned to 103 strains. CC5, CC6, CC22 and CC30 represented 54.2% (n/N = 339/625) of isolates with other common CCs being CC1, CC8, CC772, CC361, CC80, CC88. Emergence of CC398 MRSA, CC5-MRSA-IV Sri Lanka Clone and ST5/ST225-MRSA-II, Rhine-Hesse EMRSA/New York-Japan Clone in our setting was detected. Variants of pandemic CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME I] (PVL+) USA300 were detected and majority of CC772 strains were CC772-MRSA-V (PVL+), “Bengal- Bay Clone”. Novel MRSA strains identified include CC5-MRSA-V (edinA+), CC5-MRSA-[VT + fusC], CC5-MRSA-IVa (tst1+), CC5-MRSA-[V/VT + cas + fusC + ccrA/B-1], CC8-MRSA-V/VT, CC22-MRSA-[IV + fusC + ccrAA/(C)], CC45-MRSA-[IV + fusC + tir], CC80-MRSA-IVa, CC121-MRSA-V/VT, CC152-MRSA-[V + fusC] (PVL+). Although several strains harboured SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance (fusC) (n = 181), erythromycin/clindamycin resistance (ermC) (n = 132) and gentamicin resistance (aacA-aphD) (n = 179) genes, none harboured vancomycin resistance genes while mupirocin resistance gene mupR (n = 2) and cfr gene (n = 1) were rare. An extensive MRSA repertoire including CCs previously unreported in the region and novel strains which probably arose locally suggest an evolving MRSA landscape.
Combining semi-quantitative risk assessment, composite indicator and fuzzy logic for evaluation of hazardous chemical accidents
Authors: Do Huyen Thi Thu , Ly Tram Thi Bich , Do Tho Tien
Published: October 2020

In this study, a combination of semi-quantitative risk assessment, composite indicator and fuzzy logic has been developed to identify industrial establishments and processes that represent potential environmental accidents associated with hazardous chemicals. The proposed method takes into consideration the root causes of risk probability of hazardous chemical accidents (HCAs), such as unsafe onsite storing and usage, inadequate operation training, poor safety management and analysis, equipment failure, and factors affected by the potential consequences of the accidents, including human health, water resources, and building and construction. These issues have been aggregated in a system of criteria and sub-criteria, demonstrated by a list of non-overlapping and exhaustive categorical terms. Semi-quantitative risk assessment is then applied to develop a framework for screening industrial establishments that exhibit potential HCAs. Fuzzy set theory with triangular fuzzy number deals with the uncertainty associated with the data input and reduces the influence of subjectivity and vagueness to the final results. The proposed method was tested among 77 industrial establishments located within the industrial zones of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Eighteen establishments were categorized as high HCA risk, 36 establishments were categorized as medium HCA risk, and 23 ones were of low HCA risk. The results are compatible with the practical chemical safety situation of the establishments and are consistent with expert evaluation.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 accelerates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in keratinocytes during wound healing process
Authors: Koike Yuta , Yozaki Mariko , Utani Atsushi , Murota Hiroyuki
Published: October 2020

In the wound healing process, the morphology of keratinocytes at the wound edge temporarily changes to a spindle morphology, which is thought to occur due to an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2, also called basic FGF, has the potential to accelerate wound closure by activating vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We examined the effects of FGF2 on keratinocyte morphology and EMT in wounded skin. Histological examination of murine wounds treated with FGF2 revealed that wound edge keratinocytes formed thickened and multilayered epithelia. In addition, we detected wound edge keratinocytes migrating individually toward the wound center. These migrating keratinocytes exhibited not only spindle morphology but also down-regulated E-cadherin and up-regulated vimentin expression, which is characteristic of EMT. In FGF2-treated wounds, a PCR array revealed the upregulation of genes related to EMT, including transforming growth factor (TGF) signaling. Further, FGF2-treated wound edge keratinocytes expressed EMT-associated transcription factors, including Snai2, and showed translocation of β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm/nucleus. However, in vitro examination of keratinocytes revealed that FGF2 alone did not activate EMT in keratinocytes, but that FGF2 might promote EMT in combination with TGFβ1. These findings suggest that FGF2 treatment of wounds could promote keratinocyte EMT, accelerating wound closure.
Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (Sbp2) in the sex-specific regulation of selenoprotein gene expression in mouse pancreatic islets
Authors: Chellan B. , Zhao L. , Landeche M. , Carmean C. M. , Dumitrescu A. M. , Sargis R. M.
Published: October 2020

Selenoproteins are a group of selenocysteine-containing proteins with major roles in cellular antioxidant defense and thyroid hormone metabolism. Selenoprotein expression is determined by hierarchical mechanisms that result in tissue-specific levels. Current data inadequately explain the abundance of various selenoproteins under normal and pathological conditions, including in pancreatic β-cells. Selenocysteine insertion sequence binding protein 2 (SBP2) is a critical protein in selenoprotein translation that also plays an essential role in stabilizing selenoprotein transcripts by antagonizing nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). Importantly, dysfunctional SBP2 is associated with endocrine disorders in humans. Here we describe the impact of induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells on selenoprotein transcript profiles in the pancreatic islets of C57BL/6J mice. Sex differences were noted in control mice, in which female islets showed 5 selenoproteins decreased and one increased versus male islets. Induced Sbp2 deficiency in pancreatic β-cells altered expression of only 3 selenoprotein transcripts in male islets, whereas 14 transcripts were reduced in female islets. In all cases, decreased transcription was observed in genes known to be regulated by NMD. The differential impact of Sbp2 deletion on selenoprotein transcription between sexes suggests sex-specific hierarchical mechanisms of selenoprotein expression that may influence islet biology and consequentially metabolic disease risk.
High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Shahana , Das Tridip , Islam Md Zohorul , Herrero-Fresno Ana , Biswas Paritosh Kumar , Olsen John Elmerdahl
Published: October 2020

Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin is still widely used in intensive poultry production in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the dynamics and genetic diversity of colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chickens. A total of 1200 E. coli strains were characterized from 20 broiler farms at three-time points along the production period. All strains were screened for mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes by a multiplex PCR, and their genetic diversity was measured by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR fingerprinting. Genomic diversity and characterization were performed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Twenty-five percent of the commensal E. coli strains harbored mcr-1 genes. Frequency of mcr-1 gene detection correlated positively (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 0.96–3.06; p = 0.068) with the use of colistin in poultry flocks. REP-PCR profiles and WGS analysis showed diverse E. coli population carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Phylogenetic comparison of mcr-1-bearing strains recovered from this study with a global strain collection revealed wide phylogenetic relationship. This study identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 gene among genetically diverse E. coli populations from broiler chickens in Bangladesh suggesting a massive horizontal spread of mcr-1 rather than by clonal expansion.
SASH1 is a prognostic indicator and potential therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Burgess Joshua T. , Bolderson Emma , Adams Mark N. , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Zhang Shu-Dong , Gray Steven G. , Wright Gavin , Richard Derek J. , O’Byrne Kenneth J.
Published: October 2020

SASH1 (SAM and SH3 domain-containing protein 1) is a tumor suppressor protein that has roles in key cellular processes including apoptosis and cellular proliferation. As these cellular processes are frequently disrupted in human tumours and little is known about the role of SASH1 in the pathogenesis of the disease, we analysed the prognostic value of SASH1 in non-small cell lung cancers using publicly available datasets. Here, we show that low SASH1 mRNA expression is associated with poor survival in adenocarcinoma. Supporting this, modulation of SASH1 levels in a panel of lung cancer cell lines mediated changes in cellular proliferation and sensitivity to cisplatin. The treatment of lung cancer cells with chloropyramine, a compound that increases SASH1 protein concentrations, reduced cellular proliferation and increased sensitivity to cisplatin in a SASH1-dependent manner. In summary, compounds that increase SASH1 protein levels could represent a novel approach to treat NSCLC and warrant further study.
A neural algorithm for Drosophila linear and nonlinear decision-making
Authors: Zhao Feifei , Zeng Yi , Guo Aike , Su Haifeng , Xu Bo
Published: October 2020

It has been evidenced that vision-based decision-making in Drosophila consists of both simple perceptual (linear) decision and value-based (non-linear) decision. This paper proposes a general computational spiking neural network (SNN) model to explore how different brain areas are connected contributing to Drosophila linear and nonlinear decision-making behavior. First, our SNN model could successfully describe all the experimental findings in fly visual reinforcement learning and action selection among multiple conflicting choices as well. Second, our computational modeling shows that dopaminergic neuron-GABAergic neuron-mushroom body (DA-GABA-MB) works in a recurrent loop providing a key circuit for gain and gating mechanism of nonlinear decision making. Compared with existing models, our model shows more biologically plausible on the network design and working mechanism, and could amplify the small differences between two conflicting cues more clearly. Finally, based on the proposed model, the UAV could quickly learn to make clear-cut decisions among multiple visual choices and flexible reversal learning resembling to real fly. Compared with linear and uniform decision-making methods, the DA-GABA-MB mechanism helps UAV complete the decision-making task with fewer steps.
Transportin-2 plays a critical role in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of oestrogen receptor-α
Authors: Moriyama Tetsuji , Yoneda Yoshihiro , Oka Masahiro , Yamada Masami
Published: October 2020

Oestrogen receptor-α (ERα) shuttles continuously between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and functions as an oestrogen-dependent transcription factor in the nucleus and as an active mediator of signalling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, in the cytoplasm. However, little is known regarding the mechanism of ERα nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. In this study, we found that ERα is transported into the nucleus by importin-α/β1. Furthermore, we found that Transportin-2 (TNPO2) is involved in 17β-oestradiol (E2)-dependent cytoplasmic localisation of ERα. Interestingly, it was found that TNPO2 does not mediate nuclear export, but rather is involved in the cytoplasmic retention of ERα via the proline/tyrosine (PY) motifs. Moreover, we found that TNPO2 competitively binds to the basic nuclear localisation signal (NLS) of ERα with importin-α to inhibit importin-α/β-dependent ERα nuclear import. Finally, we confirmed that TNPO2 knockdown enhances the nuclear localisation of wild-type ERα and reduces PI3K/AKT phosphorylation in the presence of E2. These results reveal that TNPO2 regulates nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and cytoplasmic retention of ERα, so that ERα has precise functions depending on the stimulation.
Association between obesity and remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs
Authors: Abuhelwa Ahmad Y. , Hopkins Ashley M. , Sorich Michael J. , Proudman Susanna , Foster David J. R. , Wiese Michael D.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between body-mass index (BMI) and remission in RA patients receiving conventional synthetic (cs-) or the biological Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD), tocilizumab. Individual participant data (IPD) were pooled from five trials investigating tocilizumab and/or csDMARDs therapy (primarily methotrexate) for RA. Time to first remission was recorded according to the Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI). BMI was classified according to WHO definitions. Associations between baseline BMI and remission were assessed by Cox-proportional hazard analysis. IPD were available from 5428 patients treated with tocilizumab ± csDMARDs (n = 4098) or csDMARDs alone (n = 1330). Of these, 1839 (33.9%) had normal BMI, 1780 (32.8%) overweight, 1652 (30.4%) obese and 157 (2.9%) were underweight. Obesity, compared to normal BMI, was associated with less frequent remission using SDAI (adjusted HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.70–0.92]) and CDAI (adjusted HR 0.77 [0.68–0.87]). As continuous variable, increased BMI was associated with less frequent SDAI (P = 0.001) and CDAI (P = 0.001) defined remission. No heterogeneity in identified associations was observed between studies (P = 0.08) or treatments (P = 0.22). Obesity was negatively associated with RA disease remission regardless of RA therapy, suggesting that baseline BMI should be considered as a stratification factor in future RA trials.
Metal–insulator transition tuned by oxygen vacancy migration across TiO2/VO2 interface
Authors: Lu Qiyang , Sohn Changhee , Hu Guoxiang , Gao Xiang , Chisholm Matthew F. , Kylänpää Ilkka , Krogel Jaron T. , Kent Paul R. C. , Heinonen Olle , Ganesh P. , Lee Ho Nyung
Published: October 2020

Oxygen defects are essential building blocks for designing functional oxides with remarkable properties, ranging from electrical and ionic conductivity to magnetism and ferroelectricity. Oxygen defects, despite being spatially localized, can profoundly alter global properties such as the crystal symmetry and electronic structure, thereby enabling emergent phenomena. In this work, we achieved tunable metal–insulator transitions (MIT) in oxide heterostructures by inducing interfacial oxygen vacancy migration. We chose the non-stoichiometric VO2-δ as a model system due to its near room temperature MIT temperature. We found that depositing a TiO2 capping layer on an epitaxial VO2 thin film can effectively reduce the resistance of the insulating phase in VO2, yielding a significantly reduced ROFF/RON ratio. We systematically studied the TiO2/VO2 heterostructures by structural and transport measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations and found that oxygen vacancy migration from TiO2 to VO2 is responsible for the suppression of the MIT. Our findings underscore the importance of the interfacial oxygen vacancy migration and redistribution in controlling the electronic structure and emergent functionality of the heterostructure, thereby providing a new approach to designing oxide heterostructures for novel ionotronics and neuromorphic-computing devices.
Double-in vitro maturation increases the number of vitrified oocytes available for fertility preservation when ovarian stimulation is unfeasible
Authors: Sermondade Nathalie , Grynberg Michaël , Comtet Marjorie , Valdelievre Constance , Sifer Christophe , Sonigo Charlotte
Published: October 2020

When ovarian stimulation is unfeasible, in vitro maturation (IVM) represents an alternative option for fertility preservation (FP). This retrospective study aims to evaluate the feasibility of performing within a short time frame two IVM cycles for FP. Seventeen women with breast cancer, 18–40 years of age, having undergone 2 cycles of IVM followed by oocyte vitrification were included. Non parametric analyses were used. No difference was observed between IVM1 and IVM2 outcomes. No complication was reported. The respective contributions of IVM1 and IVM2 for the number of cryopreserved oocytes were comparable irrespective of the delay between both procedures, even when performed during the same menstrual cycle. Those findings suggest that repeating IVM cycles may constitute a safe option for increasing the number of vitrified mature oocytes for FP. These two retrievals may be performed during the same cycle, providing additional argument for a physiologic continuous recruitment during follicular development.
The influence of the Kinesio Taping on selected ultrasonography measurements, and quality of life in patients with rotator cuff lesions
Authors: Bac Aneta , Wróbel Magdalena , Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz Katarzyna , Michalik Edyta , Ścisłowska-Czarnecka Anna
Published: October 2020

The assessment of the six-week influence of Kinesio Taping combined with a rehabilitation on selected ultrasonography measurements, the level of disability, and the quality of life in patients with rotator cuff lesions. 60 participants were randomly assigned into a taping group (KT combined with a six-week rehabilitating protocol) and a control group (only rehabilitation protocol). In all patients the following assessments were performed twice: USG, UEFI and NHP questionnaires. In the examination of the subacromial space and the subacromial bursa in the taping group, no statistical significance was observed. A statistically significant change in the thickness of the muscles was obtained only for the thickness of the infraspinatus in the taping group. A statistically significant change was obtained in the assessment of tendinopathy only for the supraspinatus muscle in both groups. Within both groups a statistically significant difference was observed in the average UEFI and NHP scores; however, the differences in the scores obtained between the groups were not statistically significant. The use of KT with a rehabilitation program did not yield statistically significantly better results in the improvement of selected shoulder region indicators, the function of the upper limb and the quality of life.
A wearable heart rate measurement device for children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Fioriello Francesca , Maugeri Andrea , D’Alvia Livio , Pittella Erika , Piuzzi Emanuele , Rizzuto Emanuele , Del Prete Zaccaria , Manti Filippo , Sogos Carla
Published: October 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early impairment in social and communication domains and autonomic nervous system unbalance. This study evaluated heart rate (HR) as a possible indicator of stress response in children with ASD as compared to children with language disorder (LD). Twenty-four patients [mean age = 42.62 months; SD = 8.14 months,12 with ASD (10 M/2F) and 12 with LD (8 M/4F)] underwent clinical [Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, second edition (ADOS-2)] and physiological evaluation (HR monitoring) during five interactive activities, while wearing an HR measurement device. IQ (ASD:IQ = 103.33 ± 12.85 vs. LD:IQ = 111.00 ± 8.88, p = 0.103) and fluid reasoning on the Leiter-R Scale were within the normal range in all subjects. Increased HR during the third activity (ADOS-2 bubble play) significantly correlated with autistic symptoms (r = 0.415; p = 0.044), while correlations between ADOS-2 total score and HR during the first activity (ADOS-2 free play; r = 0.368; p = 0.077), second activity (Leiter-R figure ground subscale; r = 0.373, p = 0.073), and fifth activity (ADOS-2 anticipation of a routine with objects; r = 0.368; p = 0.076) did not quite reach statistical significance. Applying a linear regression model, we found that the ADOS-2 total score significantly influenced HR variations (p = 0.023). HR monitoring may provide a better understanding of the stress-provoking situations for children with ASD. Furthermore, it could help clinicians detect the impact of the stressful condition on the autistic core and adress treatment strategy.
Fracturing in coals with different fluids: an experimental comparison between water, liquid CO2, and supercritical CO2
Authors: Yang Jianfeng , Lian Haojie , Li Li
Published: October 2020

The present work conducted laboratory experiments of fracturing in fat coals, anthracites, and mudstones. Three different fluids were selected as the fracturing fluids, including water, liquid CO2 (L-CO2), and supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2). The resulting fracture morphologies and fracture apertures of the coal specimens were investigated using 3D morphological scanning, and the permeabilities of the samples were measured before and after fracturing. The experimental results showed that the breakdown pressures of Sc-CO2 fracturing were the lowest among the three fracturing fluids, and the average single fracture apertures of the ScCO2-induced cracks were the smallest amongst the three fracturing fluids. In addition, the number of cracks and the roughness coefficients induced by Sc-CO2 fracturing were larger than those caused by water and liquid CO2. The viscosity of the fracturing fluid and the capillary effect are key factors that affect the crack propagation path and fracture surface topography. The results suggest that Sc-CO2 has the largest diffusion length, and thus is capable of permeating the coal matrix through small pores and causing more extensive fractures. Additionally, the effective hydraulic apertures of coal specimens produced by Sc-CO2 fracturing were wider than those induced by water and liquid CO2. The experimental results indicate that Sc-CO2 fracturing has huge potential to enhance coalbed methane recovery.
The correlation between plasma total homocysteine level and gestational diabetes mellitus in a Chinese Han population
Authors: Deng Mengyao , Zhou Jia , Tang Zhao , Xiang Jun , Yi Jing , Peng Yushuang , Di Lihua , Zhai Xiaobing , Yang Mei , Du Yukai
Published: October 2020

To assess the correlation between plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) level and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a Chinese Han population. This case–control study included 350 GDM patients and 346 gestational week-matched normal glucose tolerance (NGT) pregnant women. Plasma tHcy and insulin levels were analyzed by HPLC and ELISA respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the correlation between plasma tHcy level and risk of GDM. Women with GDM had a higher plasma tHcy level than NGT women (6.61 ± 1.32 vs. 6.17 ± 1.29 μmol/L, P = 0.001)). The GDM risk was 1.79 (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.18–2.72, P = 0.006) times higher in women whose plasma tHcy level was ≥ 7.29 μmol/L compared to women with plasma tHcy level < 5.75 μmol/L. Stratified analysis showed the GDM risk were much higher when HOMA-IR index ≥ 2 (OR = 5.42, 95% CI 2.51–11.74, P < 0.001), age ≥ 30 years (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 2.78–9.52, P < 0.001), or women with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR = 4.13, 95% CI 1.78–9.56, P = 0.001). In the Chinese Han population, an elevated plasma tHcy level may increase the overall risk of GDM especially in women with a high HOMA-IR index, increasing age or with family history of T2DM.
Impact of metallothionein-knockdown on cisplatin resistance in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Borchert Sabrina , Suckrau Pia-Maria , Walter Robert F. H. , Wessolly Michael , Mairinger Elena , Steinborn Julia , Hegedus Balazs , Hager Thomas , Herold Thomas , Eberhardt Wilfried E. E. , Wohlschlaeger Jeremias , Aigner Clemens , Bankfalvi Agnes , Schmid Kurt Werner , Mairinger Fabian D.
Published: October 2020

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, but aggressive tumor with dismal prognosis. Platinum-based chemotherapy is regularly used as part of multimodality therapy. The expression of metallothioneins (MT) has been identified as a reason for cisplatin resistance, which often leads to early therapy failure or relapse. Thus, knockdown of MT expression may improve response to cisplatin treatment. The MT gene- and protein expression of the MPM-cell lines MSTO-211H, NCI-H2052 and NCI-H2452 and the human fibroblast cell line MRC-5, as well as their sensitivity to cisplatin treatment have been evaluated. Knockdown of MT1A, 1B and 2A expression was induced by RNA interference. MT expression was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. An in vitro Assay based on enzyme activity was used to detect cell viability, necrosis and apoptosis before and after incubation with cisplatin. MT2A gene expression could be detected in all MPM cell lines, showing the highest expression in NCI-H2452 and NCI-H2052, whereas gene expression levels of MT1A and MT1B were low or absent. The immunohistochemically protein expression of MT-I/II reflect MT2A gene expression levels. Especially for MSTO-211H cell presenting low initial MT2A levels, a strong induction of MT2A expression could be observed during cisplatin treatment, indicating a cell line-specific and platin-dependent adaption mechanism. Additionally, a MT2A-dependent cellular evasion of apoptosis during cisplatin could be observed, leading to three different MT based phenotypes. MSTO-211H cells showed lower apoptosis rates at an increased expression level of MT2A after cisplatin treatment (from sixfold to fourfold). NCI-H2052 cells showed no changes in MT2A expression, while apoptosis rate is the highest (8–12-fold). NCI-H2452 cells showed neither changes in alteration rate of MT2A expression nor changes in apoptosis rates, indicating an MT2A-independent resistance mechanism. Knockdown of MT2A expression levels resulted in significantly induced apoptotic rates during cisplatin treatment with strongest induction of apoptosis in each of the MPM cell lines, but in different markedness. A therapeutic meaningful effect of MT2A knockdown and subsequent cisplatin treatment could be observed in MSTO-211H cells. The present study showed MT2A to be part of the underlying mechanism of cisplatin resistance in MPM. Especially in MSTO-211H cells we could demonstrate major effects by knockdown of MT2A expression, verifying our hypothesis of an MT driven resistance mechanism. We could prove the inhibition of MT2A as a powerful tool to boost response rates to cisplatin-based therapy in vitro. These data carry the potential to enhance the clinical outcome and management of MPM in the future.
Chronic rhinosinusitis and premorbid autoimmune diseases: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Shih Liang-Chun , Hsieh Hua-Hsin , Tsay Gregory J. , Lee Ivan T. , Tsou Yung-An , Lin Cheng-Li , Shen Te-Chun , Bau Da-Tian , Tai Chih-Jaan , Lin Chia-Der , Tsai Ming-Hsui
Published: October 2020

Evidence shows that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is associated with prior presence of autoimmune diseases; however, large-scale population-based studies in the literature are limited. We conducted a population-based case–control study investigating the association between CRS and premorbid autoimmune diseases by using the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The CRS group included adult patients newly diagnosed with CRS between 2001 and 2013. The date of diagnosis was defined as the index date. The comparison group included individuals without CRS, with 1:4 frequency matching for gender, age, and index year. Premorbid diseases were forward traced to 1996. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. The CRS group consisted of 30,611 patients, and the comparison group consisted of 122,444 individuals. Patients with CRS had a higher significant association with premorbid autoimmune diseases (adjusted OR 1.39 [1.28–1.50]). Specifically, patients with CRS had a higher significant association with ankylosing spondylitis, polymyositis, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sicca syndrome, and systemic lupus erythematosus (adjusted OR 1.49 [1.34–1.67], 3.47 [1.12–10.8], 1.22 [1.04–1.43], 1.60 [1.31–1.96], 2.10 [1.63–2.72], and 1.69 [1.26–2.25]). In subgroup analysis, CRS with and without nasal polyps demonstrated a significant association with premorbid autoimmune diseases (adjusted OR 1.34 [1.14–1.58] and 1.50 [1.38–1.62]). In addition, CRS with fungal and non-fungal infections also demonstrated a significant association with premorbid autoimmune diseases (adjusted OR 2.02 [1.72–2.49] and 1.39 [1.28–1.51]). In conclusion, a significant association between CRS and premorbid autoimmune diseases has been identified. These underlying mechanisms need further investigation.
Naturally occurring van der Waals materials
Authors: Frisenda Riccardo , Niu Yue , Gant Patricia , Muñoz Manuel , Castellanos-Gomez Andres
Published: October 2020

The exfoliation of two naturally occurring van der Waals minerals, graphite and molybdenite, arouse an unprecedented level of interest by the scientific community and shaped a whole new field of research: 2D materials research. Several years later, the family of van der Waals materials that can be exfoliated to isolate 2D materials keeps growing, but most of them are synthetic. Interestingly, in nature, plenty of naturally occurring van der Waals minerals can be found with a wide range of chemical compositions and crystal structures whose properties are mostly unexplored so far. This Perspective aims to provide an overview of different families of van der Waals minerals to stimulate their exploration in the 2D limit.
Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry based characterization of epitope configurations
Authors: Levernæs Maren Christin Stillesby , Moe Arelí Urtubia , Bøe Sigurd Leinæs , Paus Elisabeth , Reubsaet Léon , Halvorsen Trine Grønhaug
Published: October 2020

Here we evaluate a quick and easy tool for determination of epitope configuration using immunocapture and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) subsequent to pre-treatment of the target protein to disrupt its three-dimensional structure.
Retention of anions in cobalt hydroxide with Ni substitution to emphasize the role of anions and cations for high current density in oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Shamraiz Umair , Gul Rukhsana , Badshah Amin , Raza Bareera
Published: October 2020

Herein, we report the fabrication of remarkably fine nickel-substituted α-Co(OH)2 sheets using an ingenious co-precipitation method at a lower pH value.
Correction: Enhanced uptake of glyoxal at the acidic nanoparticle interface: implications for secondary organic aerosol formation
Authors: Shi Qiuju , Zhang Weina , Ji Yuemeng , Wang Jiaxin , Qin Dandan , Chen Jiangyao , Gao Yanpeng , Li Guiying , An Taicheng
Published: October 2020

Correction for ‘Enhanced uptake of glyoxal at the acidic nanoparticle interface: implications for secondary organic aerosol formation’ by Qiuju Shi et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2020, 7, 1126–1135, DOI: 10.1039/D0EN00016G.
Multiple functional materials from crushing waste thermosetting resins
Authors: Liu Xuehui , Tian Fei , Zhao Xu , Du Rongcheng , Xu Shimei , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: October 2020

A new family of multiple functional materials from waste thermosetting resins is developed by simple mechanical crushing.
Valley polarization caused by crystalline symmetry breaking
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wei Wei , Li Fengping , Lv Xingshuai , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying
Published: October 2020

The crystallographic symmetry rather than the time-reversal asymmetry plays in introducing valley polarization.
Pulse electrodeposited, morphology controlled organic–inorganic nanohybrids as bifunctional electrocatalysts for urea oxidation
Authors: Jadhav Rohit G. , Das Apurba K.
Published: October 2020

Pulse-electrodeposited organic–inorganic nanohybrids (BSeFL/Ni(OH)2), which act as electrocatalysts for the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR), have been synthesised at different reduction potentials.
Defect engineering of polyethylene-like polyphosphoesters: solid-state NMR characterization and surface chemistry of anisotropic polymer nanoplatelets
Authors: Markwart Jens C. , Suraeva Oksana , Haider Tobias , Lieberwirth Ingo , Graf Robert , Wurm Frederik R.
Published: October 2020

Polyethylene-like polyphosphoesters crystallized from dilute solution into anisotropic nanoplatelets. As proven by solid-state NMR, the phosphate groups are expelled to the surface and on-surface chemistry was conducted leaving the crystals intact.
Quinoline-based TADF emitters exhibiting aggregation-induced emission for efficient non-doped organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Shen Yi-Fan , Li Meng , Zhao Wen-Long , Wang Yin-Feng , Lu Hai-Yan , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: October 2020

Three quinoline-based TADF emitters with aggregation-induced emission were synthesized and fabricated for efficient non-doped OLEDs with EQEmax up to 17.3%.
Achieving efficient and large-scale preparation of mesophase-nylon 11 film by random copolymerization of nylon 11 and nylon 611
Authors: Huang Lei , Yuan Dandan , Yang Yunyun , Cai Xufu
Published: October 2020

Chemical heterogeneity induced and stabilized the mesophase of nylon copolymer.
Computer modeling of polymer stars in variable solvent conditions: a comparison of MD simulations, self-consistent field (SCF) modeling and novel hybrid Monte Carlo SCF approach
Authors: Kazakov Alexander D. , Prokacheva Varvara M. , Uhlík Filip , Košovan Peter , Leermakers Frans A. M.
Published: October 2020

We present a hybrid method based on a combination of coarse-grained and mean-field models for simulation of polymer solutions.
Thin laminar composite solid electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and mechanical strength towards advanced all-solid-state lithium–sulfur battery
Authors: Zhai Pengfei , Peng Na , Sun Zeyu , Wu Wenjia , Kou Weijie , Cui Guoshi , Zhao Kang , Wang Jingtao
Published: October 2020

Thin laminar composite solid electrolyte with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity imparts the Li–S battery an excellent electrochemical performance.
Core–shell FePt-cube@covalent organic polymer nanocomposites: a multifunctional nanocatalytic agent for primary and metastatic tumor treatment
Authors: Meng Yanfei , Zhang Dongsheng , Sun Yunqiang , Dai Zhichao , Zhang Tiantian , Yu Dexin , Zhang Gaorui , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: October 2020

Metastasis and spread are currently the main factors leading to high mortality of cancer, so developing a synergetic antitumor strategy with high specificity and hypotoxicity is in urgent demand.
Metal–ligand coordination nanomaterials for radiotherapy: emerging synergistic cancer therapy
Authors: Zeng Lijuan , Cao Yuhua , He Ling , Ding Shuaishuai , Bian Xiu-wu , Tian Gan
Published: October 2020

This review summarizes the recent advances in metal-ligand coordination nanomaterials-mediated synergistic radiotherapy with a emphasis focusing upon constructive strategies for radiosensitive nanoplatform and underlying synergistic mechanism.
Eco-friendly, solution-processable and efficient low-energy lighting phosphors: copper halide based hybrid semiconductors Cu4X6(L)2(X = Br, I) composed of covalent, ionic and coordinate bonds
Authors: Hei Xiuze , Teat Simon J. , Liu Wei , Li Jing
Published: October 2020

We have developed a series of AIO-type copper halide hybrid semiconductors. The low-energy emission and high efficiency, coupled with good solution processability make these compounds promising candidate as robust and eco-friendly lighting phosphors.
Opioid-Induced Hearing Loss and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Clinical Considerations for Audiologists and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Rigg Khary K. , Rigg Malika S.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Over the last two decades, the number of Americans misusing opioids has reached epidemic levels. With such drastic increases in opioid misuse, audiologists are more likely to have patients with opioid-induced hearing loss or neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) than in previous years. More attention is needed on how these increases might influence clinical practice and such a discussion could be useful for audiologists. The goal of this article, therefore, is to summarize what is currently known regarding the relationship between opioid misuse and audiology to help guide hearing health care providers (with a particular focus on opioid-induced hearing loss and NAS). This article (a) summarizes the overlap in opioid misuse and hearing loss populations, (b) describes the evidence linking opioid misuse to hearing loss, (c) discusses clinical implications that opioid-induced hearing loss and NAS have for practicing audiologists, and (d) recommends directions for future audiological research on opioid-induced hearing loss and NAS.

Conclusions

There is considerable overlap between populations at-risk for hearing loss and opioid misuse. Additionally, compelling evidence exists linking opioid misuse to hearing loss, but the specific causal mechanisms remain unclear, indicating a need for additional research. This article attempts to fill a gap in the audiological literature and has the potential to serve as a guide for hearing health care providers to make more informed clinical decisions regarding patients with opioid-induced hearing loss and NAS. Clinicians may wish to consider the concerns raised in this article before intervening with such concerns, especially in the absence of best practice protocols.
Optimisation design of process control strategy for biomass cracking reaction
Authors: Zhu CongLing , Weng YeYe , Liu BiHua
Published: October 2020

Cone pyrolysis liquefaction reactor is the key core device of biomass energy production equipment. The study of the dynamics of the cone is of great significance to the bioenergy conversion technology. Proper control of the movement time of the heat carrier in the cone can prevent it. Biomass superheated carbonisation can increase the ratio of gas and liquid formation. It is a difficult and key technology in the design of the cone pyrolysis liquefaction reactor. The kinetic differential equation of the relative motion of heat carrier particles can be obtained by kinetic analysis and calculation. It can play a key role in the in‐depth study of the structural size design of the cone and the optimisation of the structural size parameters. This study conducts a dynamic simulation of the physical simplification model of biomass energy production equipment. The computer simulation software was used to simulate the running process of the simplified cone mechanism model. A reasonable physical prototype that meets the process parameters is designed. In view of the above complex dynamic phenomena, it is necessary to comprehensively analyse various methods of dynamics, and use appropriate numerical analysis and computer‐aided design methods to carry out system equipment research and design.
Modification of MnS inclusion by tellurium in 38MnVS6 micro-alloyed steel
Authors: Shen Ping , Zhou Lei , Yang Qiankun , Zeng Zhiqi , Ai Kenan , Fu Jianxun
Published: October 2020

In 38MnVS6 steel, the morphology of sulfide inclusion has a strong influence on the fatigue life and machinability of the steel. In most cases, the MnS inclusions show strip morphology after rolling, which significantly affects the steel quality. Usually, the MnS inclusion with a spherical morphology is the best morphology for the steel quality. In the present work, tellurium was applied to 38MnVS6 micro-alloyed steel to control the MnS inclusion. Trace tellurium was added into 38MnVS6 steel and the effect of Te on the morphology, composition, size and distribution of MnS inclusions were investigated. Experimental results show that with the increase of Te content, the equivalent diameter and the aspect ratio of inclusion decrease strikingly, and the number of inclusions with small aspect ratio increases. The inclusions are dissociated and spherized. The SEM-EDS analysis indicates that the trace Te mainly dissolves in MnS inclusion. Once the MnS is saturated with Te, MnTe starts to generate and wraps MnS. The critical Te/S value for the formation of MnTe in the 38MnV6 steel is determined to be approximately 0.075. With the increase of Te/S ratio, the aspect ratio of MnS inclusion decreases and gradually reaches a constant level. The Te/S value in the 38MnVS6 steel corresponding to the change of aspect ratio from decreasing to constant ranges from 0.096 to 0.255. This is most likely to be caused by the saturation of Te in the MnS inclusion. After adding Te in the steel, rod-like MnS inclusion is modified to small inclusion and the smaller the MnS inclusion, the lower the aspect ratio.
Effect of Ce-La on inclusion evolution in Al-killed high strength steel
Authors: Geng Ruming , Li Jing , Shi Chengbin , Zhi Jianguo , Lu Bin
Published: October 2020

The mechanism of inclusion evolution after rare earth addition based on oxide metallurgy was investigated experimentally and using thermodynamic calculations, where Ce-La was added to Al-killed high strength steel during Ruhrstahl-Heraeus refining to modify the oxide inclusions within the steel. The typical inclusions observed before Ce-La addition were spherical magnesium aluminate spinel inclusions. And fewer individual Al2O3 inclusions and Al2O3–TiOx inclusions were also observed. The addition of Ce-La led to transformation of MgO · Al2O3 spinel inclusions to (Ce,La)2O3, (Ce,La)2O2S and (Ce,La)2O2S + MgO · Al2O3 inclusions. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that Ce-La combined with dissolved oxygen and sulfur in molten steel to form rare earth inclusions, while the remainder of the Ce and La modified MgO · Al2O3 to (Ce,La)2O3 and (Ce,La)2O2S.
Size dependent associations between tree diameter growth rates and functional traits in an Asian tropical seasonal rainforest
Authors: Yan Yu-Mei , Fan Ze-Xin , Fu Pei-Li , Chen Hui , Lin Lu-Xiang
Published: October 2020

Many studies focus on the relationships between plant functional traits and tree growth performances. However, little is known about the ontogenetic shifts of the relationships between functional traits and tree growth. This study examined associations between stem and leaf functional traits and growth rates and their ontogenetic shifts across 20 tropical tree species in a tropical seasonal rainforest in Xishuangbanna, south-west China. For each species, physiological active branches of individual trees belonged to three size classes (i.e. small, diameter at breast height (DBH) 5–10 cm; middle, DBH 10–20 cm; big, DBH >20 cm) were sampled respectively. We measured 18 morphological and structural traits, which characterised plant hydraulic properties or leaf economic spectrum. Associations between diameter growth rates and functional traits were analysed across three size classes. Our results revealed that diameter growth rates of big-sized trees were mainly related to traits related to plant hydraulic efficiency (i.e. theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Ktheo) and leaf vein density (Dvein)), which suggests that the growth of large trees is limited mainly by their xylem water transport capacity. For middle-sized trees, growth rates were significantly related to traits representing leaf economic spectrum (i.e. specific leaf area (SLA), individual leaf mass (ILM), palisade thickness (PT) and spongy thickness (SP)). Diameter growth rates of small-sized trees were not correlated with hydraulic or leaf economic traits. Thus, the associations between tree growth rates and functional traits are size dependent. Our results suggest ontogenetic shift of functional traits which could potential contribute to different growth response to climate change.
Superoscillations and the quantum potential
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Authors: Berry M V
Published: October 2020

For quantum or other waves that are band-limited, the quantum potential in the Madelung–Bohm representation vanishes on the boundaries of regions where the waves are superoscillatory (i.e. where they vary faster than any of their Fourier components). This connection is illustrated by calculations of the quantum potential zeros for a superoscillatory superposition of plane waves, and by Aharonov–Bohm waves.
Edible mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) as biosource for silver nanoparticles: from synthesis to diverse biomedical and environmental applications
Authors: Faisal Shah , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Jan Hasnain , Shah Sajjad Ali , Abdullah  , Shah Sumaira , Rizwan Muhammad , Wajidullah  , Akbar Muhammad Taj , Redaina
Published: October 2020

The current study reports advanced, ecofriendly and biosynthesized silver NPs for diverse biomedical and environmental applications using Flammulina velutipes as biosource. In the study, a simple aqueous extract of F. velutipes was utilized to reduce the AgNO3 into stable elemental silver (Ag0) at a nanometric scale. The NPs had average size of 21.4 nm, spherical morphology, and were highly stable and pure. The characterized nanoparticles were exploited for a broad range of biomedical applications including bacteriocidal, fungicidal, leishmanicidal, in vitro antialzheimer’s, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and biocompatibility studies. Our findings showed that F. velutipes mediated AgNPs exhibited high activity against MDR bacterial strains and spore forming fungal strains. All the tested urinary tract infection bacterial isolates, were resistant to non-coated antibiotics but by applying 1% of the synthesized AgNPs, the bactericidal potential of the tested antibiotics enhanced manifolds. The NPs also exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxic potential against Leishmania tropica with significant LC50 of 248 μg ml−1 for promastigote and 251 μg ml−1 for amastigote forms of the parasite. Furthermore, promising antialzheimer and antidiabetic activities were observed as significant inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butrylcholineterase (BChE) were noted. Moreover, remarkable biocompatible nature of the particles was found against human red blood cells. The biosynthesized AgNPs as photocatalyst, also resulted in 98.2% degradation of indigo carmine dye within 140 min. Owing to ecofriendly synthesis, biosafe nature and excellent physicochemical properties F. velutipes AgNPs can be exploited as novel candidates for multifaceted biomedical and environmental applications.