bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R. Scott Frey was Doing Critical Environmental Justice Long Before Anyone Else
Authors: Pellow David N.
Published: March 2019

The term critical environmental justice (EJ) studies was perhaps first used in the early 2000s and has been become more mainstream in the last two years. R. Scott Frey’s research on the transnational trade in hazardous substances reveals that he was producing critical EJ studies scholarship well before that. Frey’s body of work has advanced the fields of world-systems theory and environmental sociology because it skillfully explores the violence of militarism and the brutality of capitalism and economic globalization, while also making clear that positive and transformative social change is possible when independent, grassroots movements mobilize within and across international borders. Frey’s research provide us with an impressive set of analytical tools for imagining and bringing into existence another world that would be more socially just and environmentally sustainable.
Tim Bartley. Rules without Rights: Land, Labor and Private Authority in the Global Economy
Authors: Jenkins Jean
Published: March 2019

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Characteristics of flour and dough from purple and blue wheat grain
Authors: Burešová Iva , Trojan Václav , Helis Martin
Published: March 2019

The characteristics of flours and doughs prepared from wheat grains containing purple pericarp (variety PS Karkulka and Jumiko) and wheat grain containing blue aleurone (variety Skorpion) were tested and compared with commercial wheat to evaluate the applicability of colored wheat in bread making. The fine flours prepared from colored wheat grains significantly differed in the activity of the amylase enzyme, expressed as Hagberg falling number. Zeleny sedimentation volume of flour prepared from grains of the PS Karkulka variety (36 mL) was significantly higher than the values of AF Jumiko and Skropion (34 mL) varieties. The results of uniaxial deformation test indicated that doughs prepared from wheat varieties PS Karkulka and Skropion can be elongated; the dough is, however, weak and can be expected to rupture more easily than dough prepared from variety AF Jumiko, as well as commercial flour. Even if some variations in the values of farinographic dough development time and stability were also observed, clear differences in the behavior of doughs prepared from colored and commercial flours were not found. The differences in dough behavior during heating test were also negligible. It can be concluded that none of the tested colored wheat grains exhibited characteristics completely different from the others or the commercial one. The results may indicate the applicability of all tested colored wheat grains in yeast-leavened bread production.
Microbiota of different wine grape berries
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Kunova Simona , Felsöciová Soňa , Ivanišová Eva , Kántor Attila , Puchalski Czeslaw , Terentjeva Margarita
Published: March 2019

The wine grape berries share a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria. The microbiota reveals different physiological characteristics and depends on the grape ripening stage and the availability of nutrients with different effect on wine production. The microbiota of grape berries (n = 12) was isolated and identified in the present study. The samples were collected in September 2018. Grape berries were obtained from Vrbovo vineyard located in Slovakia. The grape berries investigated belonged to Blue Frankish, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Dornfelder, Feteasca regala, Green Veltliner, Irsai Oliver, Mūller Thurgau, Pálava, Pinot Blanc, Rhinriesling and Welschriesling varieties. The microorganisms were cultivated on Malt extract agar (MEA) at 25 °C for five days in aerobically for microscopic filamentous fungi and Tryptone Soya agar (TSA) at 37 °C for 24 – 48 h aerobically for bacteria and yeasts. Total bacterial counts on different wine grape berries ranged from 2.57 ±0.09 in Chardonnay to 4.39 ±0.21 log CFU.g-1 in Pálava. Microscopic filamentous fungi count ranged from 1.18 ±0.03 in Blue Frankish to 2.60 ±0.17 log CFU.g-1 in Welschriesling. MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper mass spectrometry was used for identification of microorganisms (bacteria and yeasts) and microscopic filamentous fungi with manuals. The most identified microscopic fungal species was Alternaria sp., for yeasts Issatchenkia orientalis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides for bacteria.
Natural fruit beverages fortified by biologically active substances of grape vines
Authors: Snopek Lukáš , Mlček Jiří­ , Fic Vlastimil , Sytařová Irena , Soňa Škrovánková
Published: March 2019

Based on the study of general knowledge of biochemical and all subsequent developmental studies of organic matter, especially products of grapevine and selected fruit products, a comprehensive study of processing technologies is prepared. Use of a combination of vine products and fruit products in the form of natural grapes. Beverages are researched and developed to be purely natural on the basis of grape musts, blue and white, either individually and again separately in targeted combinations, both biochemically, organoleptically and colorfully, with fruit sources. The core of grape value of biologically active substances is an integral and essential new part and condition of designing these beverages. Their increased biological values, which create the preconditions for containment and if properly managed on the basis of scientific knowledge, may in some cases almost result in the elimination of synthetic additives. It should be noted that 20 - 25% of the adult population suffers from many unexpected allergies, for example, to the sulphite content, although its content in the final product does not exceed the health-approved normatives. And there are many other, interrelated relationships. Beverages are technologically dealt with both without alcohol fermentation and with this fermentation, but only based on their compositional natural resources. They are therefore suitable for the entire population profile. The whole set contains 7 variants and a combination of natural beverages from different fruits. Including natural beverages with or without alcoholic fermentation from the must of white wine grapes, the juice of apple puree with those of biologically active substances from the products grapevine. Three months of monitoring and determination of basic (oenological) values and biologically active substances were performed on these products. The high-performance liquid chromatography method with a refractometric detector determined amount of sugar and alcohol, whilst titrating determined total and volatile acids and free sulfur dioxide. Yeast assimilable nitrogen, total anthocyanins and polyphenols were determined by spectrophotometry, antioxidant activity by DPPH and ABTS methods.
Law, Culture, and Race: The 1808 Murder Trial of John Joyce and Peter Matthias
Authors: Myrsiades Linda
Published: March 2019

This article demonstrates that the verdicts reached in the 1808 murder trial of ex-slaves John Joyce and Peter Matthias applied procedural rules like that which applied to other inhabitants of the state as required by the 1780 Gradual Abolition Act. The defendants’ trial used due process and equal treatment under the law that then prevailed. What did not occur was the fullest application of case precedents or of provisions available under the commonwealth's 1794 Better Preventing of Crimes Act, which were within the discretion of the presiding judge. That their sentence was not just and equitable in present-day terms should not surprise any readers, but neither should the fact that those verdicts went largely unchallenged by contemporaries both in the black community and among abolitionists. This article hopes to illuminate that difference as it examines the complexities of the early nineteenth-century courtroom in Pennsylvania.
Tos Ferina asociado a morbimortalidad e inmunoprevención
Authors: Umanzor C. Sarahi Elizabeth , Prado López Lidia María
Published: March 2019

En Honduras han existido múltiples brotes de tos ferina, sin embargo, pocos se publican y reportan como diagnóstico la reacción en cadena de Polimerasa (PCR) en tiempo real. Debe tomarse en cuenta el subregistro y el infradiagnóstico debido al bajo índice de sospecha como factores importantes a considerar en la remergencia de la enfermedad. Objetivo: Describir el Síndrome Coqueluchoide y tos ferina en el Hospital Nacional Dr. Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR) en el período de enero a mayo 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal en niños cuyo cuadro clínico cumple con los criterios de caso probable de tos ferina. La muestra la conforman 23 pacientes. Resultados: La Tosferina afecta a niños del sexo masculino, lactante menor, durante los meses de enero y marzo. La evolución de la enfermedad tiene una media de 12 días al momento del diagnóstico, el esquema de vacunación incompleto para la edad según PAI es un factor de riesgo importante, La tos paroxística, fiebre y apnea fueron el cuadro clínico predominante acompañado de hiperleucocitosis con PCR positivos. El 37% de los casos fallecieron por complicaciones asociadas. Conclusión: A pesar de los cambios epidemiológicos que ha habido durante el transcurso del tiempo con la introducción de la vacuna contra Bordetella Pertussis, sigue siendo una enfermedad prevalente, potencialmente fatal, especialmente en lactantes menores y neonatos, se considera que la que la estrategia capullo debe ser incluida en el programa ampliado de inmunizaciones de nuestro país, recordando que la tos ferina es una enfermedad inmunoprevenible.

Palabras claveTos de 100 días, tos Ferina, Bordetella pertussi, Vacuna contra pertussis.
Urticaria aguda y tratamiento ambulatorio indicado en emergencia de dos hospitales de atención pediátrica
Authors: Torres Madrid Mario Rolando
Published: March 2019

La urticaria aguda es una dermatosis frecuente, se calcula que ocurre en 20% de la población mundial. La tasa de prevalencia varía de acuerdo con la población de cada país entre 3.4 y 6.4%. En Honduras en el Instituto Hondureño de Seguridad Social (IHSS), la urticaria aguda es la cuarta causa más frecuente de dermatosis en consulta externa dermatológica pediátrica. Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas-sociodemográficas y el manejo en salas de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Mario Catarino Rivas (HNMCR) y IHSS ambos hospitales en SPS, en el período enero 2016–julio 2017. Pacientes y Métodos: El diseño de la investigación fue transversal observacional, con alcance descriptivo. Se incluyeron 83 pacientes en edad pediátrica con diagnóstico de urticaria aguda, evaluados en las emergencias del IHSS y HNMCR. Resultados: El grupo etario y raza afectados fueron los lactantes menores 68.67% (n=57) y raza mestiza 86.75% (n=72). No tenían antecedentes inmunoalérgicos 63.86% (n=53). El alimento relacionado con urticaria fue el huevo 9.64% (n=8) y entre los medicamentos; los antibióticos 23.08% (n=19). El tratamiento administrado con mayor frecuencia fue la doble terapia 65.21% (n=30) y se ingresaron 17 pacientes (20.48%). Conclusión: El manejo terapéutico y los criterios de ingreso utilizado en el servicio de emergencia no siguen los lineamientos de guías internacionales.

Palabras claveUrticaria, Angioedema, Niño.
Hambre Oculta
Authors: González Hernández Norma , Rodríguez González Susan , Arriola Agueda
Published: March 2019

El hambre oculta es un problema a nivel mundial que ocasiona altas tasas de mortalidad si se compara con algunas de las enfermedades infectocontagiosas como malaria y tuberculosis. Cuando existe la desnutrición aumenta el deterioro en la capacidad de producción, trabajo y por ende en la producción de alimentos. Hambre oculta se define como la deficiencia crónica de micronutrientes. Afecta la salud de forma silenciosa y grave, llegando a ocasionar en muchos casos la muerte. El problema engloba a los niños con desnutrición y también a aquellos con sobrepeso que esconden la escasez de nutrientes, por lo que debemos educar a la población sobre como recibir una alimentación balanceada y equilibrada.

En Centroamérica y el Caribe existe un déficit importante de micronutrientes. Debemos de ser proactivos en mejorar la alimentación para disminuir la desnutrición y obesidad. Para ello debemos mejorar la producción de alimentos. La fortificación de granos y cereales es la opción más rentable y sostenible en las mejoras del estado nutricional, aumentando su biodisponibilidad de los nutrientes.

Erradicar el hambre y la desnutrición debe ser nuestra meta concreta, por lo que el objetivo de esta revisión es resaltar la importancia de administrar una cantidad y composición adecuada de micronutrientes desde el primer día de la gestación para hacer que disminuya este flagelo. Es nuestra responsabilidad, y debe ser parte de la política pública, ya que a los problemas éticos ligados a la desnutrición, se añaden consecuencias negativas que afectaran a todos los niños.

Palabras claveMicronutrientes, déficit de vitaminas, desnutrición, ingesta inadecuada
Cisticercosis. Reporte de Caso
Authors: González Norma , Hawith Kristell , Rodríguez Susan
Published: March 2019

La teniasis humana/cisticercosis es una enfermedad zoonótica causada por la Taenia solium. Fue declarada por la OMS como una de las enfermedades tropicales potencialmente erradicables que afecta a las personas más pobres con condiciones ambientales desfavorables. En nuestro país, Honduras, la Dra. Rina Girard de Kaminsky en 1991 encontró tasas de infección de 2-7/1000 en el Hospital Escuela, 10/1000 en el sur y 0-6/1000 en los departamentos de Cortés y Atlántida.

La transmisión es a través de un círculo cerdo-humano; en el cual el cerdo lleva las larvas quísticas en su carne (cisticercosis), el humano la Taenia adulta (teniasis) en la luz del intestino. La cisticercosis se debe a la infección que puede ser asintomática o sintomática: diarrea, dolor abdominal, migración de proglótides y cisticercos al Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC). El diagnóstico se basa en el cuadro clínico, demostración de los huevos o quistes, pruebas inmunológicas ELISA: inmunoelectroforesis, Tomografía axial computarizada y resonancia magnética. Su tratamiento farmacológico es: Praziquantel y Albendazol a dosis de 10-20 mg/kg/día una dosis, y en Neurocisticercosis 10 días de tratamiento el cual deberá iniciarse una vez controlado el cuadro convulsivo y la hipertensión endocraneana.

Se presenta un caso de Teniasis en un lactante de 8 meses alimentado exclusivamente con leche materna. El objetivo del presente estudio es reconocer su aparición en cualquier edad, incluyendo los menores de 1 año además de recordar que es erradicable y que se pueden prevenir las complicaciones.

Palabras claveTeniasis, Cisticercosis, Taenia solium
The value of simulation debriefing in launching reduced anxiety and improved self-confidence in the clinical setting for accelerated baccalaureate nursing students
Authors: Wallace Debra R. , Gill Jaya Mini
Published: March 2019

Background and objective: The development of self-confidence is an essential element of a nurse in the clinical setting. Nursing educators discuss the addition of simulation and debriefing into learning activities, which play a central role in identifying the fundamental elements of safety and clinical efficiency.Methods: Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) competencies are used to examine the data supporting the effectiveness of simulation debriefing in nursing students registered in a fast-tracked baccalaureate program. This novel approach allows one to quantitatively measure the relationship between simulation debriefing, self-confidence and reduced anxiety.Results: Univariate Spearman Rho regression displays a significant positive correlation between reduced anxiety, self-confidence, and debriefing. The feedback received is encouraging, productive, and effective to learning. Logistic multivariate regression reveals debriefing mechanisms predict developing self-confidence and reducing anxiety, allowing the likeness on student’s clinical judgement and methodology to patient care (χ2 = 34.249, p = .011), sufficient time being provided to reflect and review clinical performance (χ2 = 0.68, p = .30) and identifying the justification for the actions and responses (χ2 = 119.365, p = .001).Conclusions: Debriefing is a central element that can be applied as a teaching strategy during simulation. This study offers further understanding of the role of debriefing in enhancing self-confidence and reducing anxiety in nursing students. This is a critical learning component and ought to be applicably focused in nursing education.
Service Packaging: A Pattern Based Approach Towards Service Delivery
Authors: Talib Muhammad Adeel , Talib Muhammad Nabeel , Akhtar Madiha
Published: March 2019

Authentication, authorization, billing and monitoring are all common service delivery functions that are generally required to be added on to core business services in order for them to be delivered online commercially. Extending core services with these service delivery functions requires considerable effort if implemented ground-up and can be subject to limitations if outsourced to a service broker or a conventional middleware platform. Because of the ubiquitous nature of these service delivery functions, we see them as reusable patterns for service delivery. In this paper we have introduce an approach to implementing and applying these patterns in business to consumer e-commerce. We name the approach Service Packaging. Through the approach, generic implementations (or service packages) of the various service delivery patterns can be incrementally applied to core services, thus enabling flexible and systematic service delivery. A core service, regardless of its business domain does not require any structural or behavioral modifications in order to conform to a specific service delivery requirement and hence can be used out of the box. We also present a prototype middleware platform for the design-time modeling and implementation of service packages as well as their runtime execution.
Developing a Web Credibility Evaluation Tool Using PROMETHEE Method
Authors: Alghamdi Mona , Alomar Khalid
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the Internet has become an indispensable way for users to find information which is almost instantaneously available. However, the presence of information on different websites makes the user needs to pre-check the credibility of the selected websites. Most users find it difficult to assess website credibility in terms of its particular characteristics or factors. Accordingly, we proposed an automated evaluation tool which considers various factors to assess the credibility of different websites and rank them from the highest credibility score to the lowest in order to allow the user to select the most credible website. We used the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMOTHEE). The latter is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods (MCDM). It combines pairwise comparison and outranking methods in order to give more accurate and superior credibility scores due to its enrichment evaluations. For the proposed tool to be acceptable, we carried out a correlation analysis to determine the coefficient of correlation between human judges and the proposed tool. We found the coefficient of correlation rho is 0.943 which indicates that there is a strong correlation between the human judges’ ranking and the ranking given by the proposed website evaluation tool.
Multi-Channel Digital Oscilloscope Implementation over Android Device
Authors: Yang Chongyi , Chen Chanpin , Wu Zhenhao , Jiang Jiashun , Su Sicheng , Kang Xue , Dou Qingping
Published: March 2019

Signal monitoring and waveform analysis play a significant role in state-of-the-art signal processing and electronic measurement. Traditional oscilloscopes tend to be heavy and huge, which makes it impossible for outdoor signal measurement. In addition, most of those oscilloscopes can measure merely two signals simultaneously. This article proposes the design of multi-channel digital oscilloscope over common Android mobile device. In our system we use STM32 development board to implement up to eight input channels, data processing and wireless transmission. In addition, an Android application is designed for Wi-Fi data reception, respective waveform demonstration and derivation of each signal’s amplitude and frequency. In order to transmit up to eight digital signals simultaneously as fast as possible, we designed an algorithm where all signals’ data can be transmitted within a surprisingly small amount of wireless data. In our system test, wireless data transmission is implemented and each waveform can be recovered and demonstrated basically.
Geophysical Data Processing for the Delineation of Tectonic Lineaments in South Cameroon
Authors: Fotze Quentin Marc Anaba , Basseka Charles Antoine , Lordon Anatole Eugene Djieto , Yomba Albert Eyike , Shandini Yves , Tadjou Jean Marie
Published: March 2019

The processing of aeromagnetic and gravity data of the Northern part of Congo Craton (South Cameroon region), between latitudes 2°30’-3°30’ N and longitudes 12°-13° E, permitted the determination of the structural features ccurring within the Precambrian basement (Ntem Complex) southwards and the Pan-African belt (Yaounde Group) northwards. The maxima of the Horizontal Gradient within the study area, were obtained using the Blakely and Simpson method (1986). Those maxima were used to trace the magnetic lineaments of the study area. Furthermore, the Total Horizontal derivative of the Tilt derivative applied on the residual grid of Bouguer anomaly guaranteed the enhancement of linear structures which were automatically extracted using the CET Grid Analysis algorithm. The superimposition of both magnetic and gravity lineaments allowed us to display the structural framework of the area, whose major trending directions are E-W, ENE-WSW, and NE-SW. These major lineament directions are likely to be linked to one or more than a single tectonic event such as the ENE-WSW/NE-SW trends, considered as the subduction direction of the Congo craton beneath the Pan-African belt. These trends may be linked to the Eburnean orogeny and are also said to be connected to the Central African Shear Zone (CASZ). The geophysical lineaments identified in the study are defined as potential targets along which mineralization may have been formed, considering the economic potential of the area.
Exploration of Student Nurses’ Voices Regarding Self-Leadership in Clinical Learning at the Limpopo College of Nursing, South Africa
Authors: Mmakola M. A. , Mothiba T. M. , Bopape M. A.
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND: Self-leadership is explained as a dynamic interaction of cognitive, behavioural and effective elements, geared towards self-influencing actions of an individual within the academic context. The purpose of this study was to determine the views of student nurses regarding self-leadership in clinical learning at the Limpopo College of nursing, South Africa

OBJECTIVE: A non- probability, convenience, purposive sampling was used to select 16 students who voluntarily agreed to participate in this study. The researcher conducted semi-structured, one-to-one interviews which were audio recorded and transcribed. Data collection was done and analysed using the Tesch’s inductive, descriptive coding technique.

RESULTS: One theme and its sub-themes emerged namely: self-leadership associated with responsibility and accountability, self-leadership viewed as a learned strategy, self-leadership - a difficult act to achieve, self-leadership is a beneficial process during clinical learning periods and self-leadership viewed as the adoption of personal values

CONCLUSION: The findings of the study revealed that students shared the same views related to the enhancement of self-leadership in the clinical environment. In this regard, the various strategies were found to be used by students to support self-leadership learning.
Evaluation of Activities in Secondary School Level Turkish Workbooks According to Types of Memory and Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Uğur Fidan
Published: March 2019

This study analyzes the activities in the Turkish student workbooks in the framework of secondary school level Turkish courses based on the literature of “memory, information processing process, memory-learning relationship and the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy.” It seeks to determine which activities are associated with which type of information in the parts of the long-term memory (semantic memory and episodic memory), and to identify the steps in the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy which these information are linked to. The study further presents the distribution of the activities in the books according to the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy.

Based on the results, the inspection of the distribution of the activities in the books in terms of semantic and episodic information reveals that there are more activities for the semantic dimension in all grade levels. Most of the activities in the semantic dimension, which includes academic knowledge and skills, are intended for the lower-order thinking skills; in the episodic dimension, the highest number of the activities are designed at the level of create whilst the lowest number of the activities are intended for the level of analyze and evaluate in all grade levels. The inspection of the distribution of all the activities in the books according to the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy points to that there are less activities at the level of analyze, evaluate and create, which entail higher-order thinking skills, whilst there are more activities at the level of remember, understand and apply in all grade levels.
The Efficacy of Using Liulishuo for Spoken English Ability—Taking the Practice of Liulishuo in North China Electric Power University (Baoding) as an Example
Authors: Yang Liu , Tong Yang , Siyuan Xu
Published: March 2019

This research aims to verify the effectiveness and practicability of Liulishuo, an English-learning APP, in improving college students’ oral English. The research adopts different student groups according to their different listening levels, and compares the scores of the pre- and post-practice tests of the control groups and the feedback analysis of the two sessions. The research results showed an upward trend, which proved the efficacy and practicability of Liulishuo in improving students’ oral English.
Sustainable CSR in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Mefford Robert N.
Published: March 2019

Multinational firms face many challenges in extending sustainability practices to their global supply chains. Establishing standards for environmental practices and working conditions for suppliers through codes of conduct, and then monitoring their performance with audits, is the common method used by MNEs. However, this approach has proven deficient in many cases as the suppliers are often not capable or unwilling to make the changes necessary to assure long-term sustainability of their operations. Audits often are insufficient in uncovering practices that do not meet the codes of conduct, and in any case, do not usually reveal if the firm is on a path to continue to improve their sustainability practices. Drawing upon the experiences of firms that have implemented productivity and quality improvement programs in their global supply chains, some implications for how to implement successful sustainability programs can be found. The challenges that MNEs and their suppliers must overcome to achieve this are discussed and suggestions made on how to achieve real sustainability in global supply chains.
The Necessary Paradigm Shift in Sustainable Business Practice Part 1: The Framework
Authors: Murray K. R. , Boron S.
Published: March 2019

The historical prevailing paradigms or perceptions are implicit or explicit beliefs that mould our behaviour. Business takes these on in the same way as society. It is not surprising therefore that Management has behaved as if there was infinite resource availability and waste assimilation capacity in nature. Consequently, the loose relationship between economics and the environment, where business accepted one-to-one pollution control strategy supported by legislative controls is a direct consequence of this historical legacy. This dominates industrial thinking in relation to defining good sustainable business practice.

This paper reviews the perceptions that have arisen from these historical paradigms, “legacies of the past”, giving a reminder of the facts and truths that have somehow become lost in today’s thinking. It goes on to present the set of paradigms that have to be taken on board by corporate management if it is to construct a framework that will allow it to adopt strategic Sustainable Development policies.
SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF SEISMIC WAVE ATTENUATION IN THE SOUTH BAIKAL BASIN AND ADJACENT AREAS (BAIKAL RIFT)
Authors: Dobrynina A. A. , Predein P. A. , Sankov V. A. , Tubanov Ts. A. , Sanzhieva D. P.-D. , Gorbunova E. A.
Published: March 2019

Our detailed study of the crust and upper mantle of the South Baikal basin focused on seismic coda and seismic S-waves attenuation and estimated seismic quality factor (QSandQC), frequency parameter (n), attenuation coefficient (δ), total attenuation (QT), and the ratio of two components the total attenuation: intrinsic attenuation (Qi), and attenuation due to scattering caused by the inhomogeneities of the medium (QSC). We calculated the sizes of inhomogeneities revealed in the block medium, which put their effect on the attenuation of seismic waves in different frequency ranges. The seismic wave attenuation field was analyzed in comparison with the geological and geophysical characteristics of the medium, and a direct relationship was established between attenuation, composition and active processes in the crust and upper mantle of the studied area. According to the estimated intrinsic attenuation (Qi) and scattering attenuation (QSC) contributions into the total attenuation, intrinsic attenuation is generally dominant in the studied area, while theQSCcomponent increases in the areas of large active faults.
BLOCK STRUCTURE OF THE SOUTHERN KURAI BASIN OF GORNY ALTAI ACCORDING TO GEOELECTRIC DATA COMPARED TO THE DISTRIBUTION OF EARTHQUAKE EPICENTERS
Authors: Sanchaa A. M. , Nevedrova N. N. , Ponomarev P. V.
Published: March 2019

The Kurai Basin of Gorny Altai is located in the area of high seismic activity, which is involved in the focal zone of the 2003 M7.3 Chuya earthquake. Its aftershock process has not ceased yet, and shows the likelihood of major seismic events. The seismic monitoring records of the last 15 years after the devastating earthquake show the state of stress in the basin. A comprehensive field database has been consolidated from the studies of direct and alternating currents by electromagnetic methods, including transient electromagnetic sounding, vertical electrical sounding, and electric field tomography. Using a combination of the research techniques and the method of interpretation based on data inversion, it becomes possible to select optimal models, ensure higher reliability, and improve the contents of the study. The available seismological data are used to identify the zones of concentration of seismic events in the southern mountain frame of the Kurai Basin. Our study aims to determine and clarify the geoelectric structure of the southern troughs. The first section of the Southwestern trough is constructed, and the latitudinal fault boundaries of the Eshtykel graben are confirmed. A comparison of electromagnetic and seismic data for 2015 shows that the earthquake epicenters were mainly confined to the submeridional fault zones. In our study of the Southwestern trough, it is established that most of the earthquakes concentrated in active fault structures separating the blocks of varying depths, which are identified from the geoelectric data. The southern piedmont troughs of the Kurai Basin are cut by numerous faults of latitudinal and submeridional strikes.
The Archbishop’s Charitable Committee in Wrocław from 1981 to 2007. An Outline of the Social and Educational Activities
Authors: Szablicka-Żak Jolanta
Published: March 2019

The article deals with the history of formation of The Archbishop's Charitable Committee (AKCh) in Wroclaw which was established in 1982 during the imposition of martial law in Poland. It describes its organizational structure and its activity in years 1982-2007. The author presents social and educational aspects of the activity of AKCh.
The Comparative Study of Ranking System of Islamic Countries Universities and National Ranking of Universities in Iran Using the Most Famous Ranking Systems in the World
Authors: Moshfeghi Nozhatozzaman , Nadi Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2019

This research is aiming at a comparative study of Islamic countries university`s ranking system and Iran`s universities` national ranking system with the most famous ranking system in the world which are as Academic Ranking of World University (ARWU), The Times Higher Education World University Rankings (THE), The Quacquarelli Symonds World University Rankings (QS), The U.S. News rankings (USN), Center for World University Rankings (CWUR). In this research, the criteria and indicators of each of the five higher education ranking systems are described based on the two ranking systems of ISC and National Ranking of universities of Iran and using George Bradley's comparative analysis and considering the list of top universities in the last update of the Internet portal by the date 05/09/2017. In this research, it is revealed that there is not any similarity between QS ranking system and ISC ranking system. However, based on the results, Iran and ISC ranking systems are mostly compatible with THE, from among the globally most famous ranking systems. Combining THE and Iran`s ranking systems could offer a far more global system which is capable of covering all aspects of ranking and universities` universal status. THE and ARWU can be named as the most complete combined systems, from among the global and most famous ranking systems, which can be used as a substitution for Iran`s ranking system.
When Foil Falls Apart
Authors: Frank Isaac
Published: March 2019

A critique of FOIL provides an alternate method of multiplying polynomials.
A Riddle: Probabilities and p-Values
Authors: CadwalladerOlsker Todd
Published: March 2019

Student understanding of null-hypothesis testing can be improved by using a provocative question from a puzzle book.
Exploring Data with CODAP
Authors: Mojica Gemma F. , Azmy Christina N. , Lee Hollylynne S.
Published: March 2019

Concord Consortium's Common Online Data Analysis Platform (CODAP), a free Web-based data tool designed for students in grades 6-12 and higher, is continuously being updated and developed for diverse projects in data science, science education, and mathematics/statistics education (https://codap.concord.org/). Teachers and students can access CODAP without downloading software or registering for accounts. Although some Web-based technology tools provide certain features for free and require users to pay a fee to use additional features, CODAP has no hidden costs. Devices need only be connected to the Internet using an updated Web browser (Chrome is preferred). CODAP is not optimized (yet) for use on such touchscreen devices as tablets or iPads®.
Exploring Accessibility: An Application of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Authors: Wells Cacey
Published: March 2019

Each school year, students enter our classrooms with unique experiences and perspectives that ought to be shared. One year, I noticed a student in our school who used a wheelchair. When I saw how difficult it was for that student to navigate the ramps in our school, I began to think about a trigonometry lesson focused on accessibility. I wanted to use mathematics to explore what life was like—albeit to a minor degree—for those with disabilities. The lesson objective was to explore angles of incline in wheelchair ramps to determine whether such ramps truly offer accessibility.
Single Accreditation System for Graduate Medical Education: Transition Update
Authors: Buser Boyd R. , Swartwout James , Lischka Terri , Biszewski Maura
Published: March 2019

In 2014, the American Osteopathic Association, the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education agreed to establish a new, single accreditation system for graduate medical education in the United States. This article focuses on recent policy enhancements and modifications to facilitate the transition to the single accreditation system and concludes with a discussion of the current transition planning after the end of the transition period on June 30, 2020.
Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterflyTirumala limniace(Cramer)
Authors: Liao Huaijian , Du Ting , Zhang Yuqi , Shi Lei , Huai Xiyu , Zhou Chengli , Deng Jiang
Published: March 2019

Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The answer to this scientific question remains unclear. The butterflyTirumala limniace(Cramer) is a typical heat absorption insect, and its wing surface color is only composed of light and dark colors. Thus, in this study, we measured a number of wing traits relevant for heat absorption including the thoracic temperature at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing; In addition, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or present in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature were also measured. We found that high intensity light (600–60,000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the lower region of the fore wing surface and the inside region of the hind wing surface were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through the veins near the heat storage areas of the fore and hind wings.
Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution in Brunei: ARDL Bounds Testing Approach to Cointegration
Authors: Hemed Issa Moh’d , Faki Suleiman Malik , Suleiman Salim Hamad
Published: March 2019

Aims: This study examined the short run and long run dynamic relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution in Brunei. We adoptedAuto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to scrutinize the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) among the studying variables by using time series data cover the period of 1974 to 2014.

Methodology: The ARDL bound test revealed the existence of long-run relationship among the integrated variables when CO2 chosen as a dependent variable.

Results: The results support the existences of EKC hypotheses in the long-run whereas in the short-run an inverted U-shaped curve was not confirmed between GDP and CO2 in Brunei. The results of Granger causality based on VECM analysis have shown unidirectional causality runs from economic growth to CO2 in the short run. Further analysis through stability test indicates the coefficients in the model are stable and do not suffers with structural break within the time taken in the study.

Conclusion: The government of Brunei should proceed to target the sustainable means of production, which has an environmental friendly and consumes less energy to enhance economic growth and maintain environmental quality in the long run.
Effect of Farmers – Herdsmen Crisis on Yam Production in Southern Agricultural Zone of Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Girei A. A. , Ugwuanyi L. S. , Turai H. M.
Published: March 2019

The study analyzed effect of crisis on yam production in Southern Agricultural Zone, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to; determine the effect of socio-economic variables on yam production, determine the factors affecting yam production, and to compare the gross margin of yam production before and after crisis in the study area. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted for this study and a total of sixty (60) respondents were sampled for this study. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics which involves use frequency, percentages and the gross margin analysis. The study revealed that before the conflict the total variable cost was 233,288.4 while after the conflict, the total variable cost was 172310. The study conclude that price of fertilizer was doubled after conflict thereby reducing production. The result shows that 17.6% of the respondent’s stopped producing yam because of the fear of conflict. And also, there was a reduction in food production between the period of the conflicts and peaceful disposition. The study therefore recommend that government should develop policies and strategies to curtail future occurrence of crisis among farmers and herdsmen, and focus more on giving incentives to farmers and subsidy on farm inputs such as fertilizer, improved varieties, chemicals among others to boost food crop production, farmers income level and to ensure maximum security on lives and properties of prospective citizens and farmers.
Histological Studies of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Root Infection Using Aspergillus niger Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Botryodiplodia theobromae and Trichoderma viride
Authors: Amadioha A. C. , Chidi Kenkwo Promise
Published: March 2019

Histological studies were carried out to investigate the impact of some pathogenic organisms on infected cassava root after different periods of incubation. Cassava roots inoculated with Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Aspergillus flavus, and Trichoderma viride showed progressive depletion of the starch grains in the cells and tissue maceration of the cassava root as the period of incubation increased. Cassava root inoculated with A. flavus showed tissue necrosis and slight fragmentation of the starch grains whereas, cassava tissues infected with A. niger showed tissue necrosis and general maceration of the starch grains within the tissue thereby creating empty spaces within the cells with no clear arrangement of the starch grains. Inoculation of the cassava tissues with R. stolonifer resulted in rapid loss of the starch grains and erosion of surrounding cell boundaries. Cassava tissue colonized by T. viride showed tissue necrosis and maceration of the starch grains. Healthy (uninoculated) cassava root tissue showed intact cells packed with large starch grains suggesting that in the host-parasite relationship, the pathogens established themselves inter and intracellularly in the parenchymatous cells of the cortex of the cassava root clearing them of starch grains, and resulting to poor yield and nutritional value of cassava and also economic loss.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum and Vernonia amygdalina Leaves Extracts on Selected Microbial Isolates from Wound Infection
Authors: Oluchi Okele, Faith , Ngozika Wokem, Gloria , Godwin Nwokah Easter
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The therapeutic actions of plants may be due to the presence of some phytochemical components. Due to the increasing emergence of multi antibiotics resistance, wound pathogens are causing huge public health concerns. There is need for exploring some necessary alternatives for treatment of wound infections.

Aim: This study investigated the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of Vernonia amygdalina and Bryophyllum pinnatum leaves extracts on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates from wound infection.

Methodology: The fresh leaves of both plants were extracted using Sofowora method and the phytochemicals were screened. Different concentrations of the extract, antibiotic and ethanol were tested against the isolates using disc diffusion technique.

Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinone and fixed oils were present in the both plant extracts but saponins were only found in V. amygdalina and cardenolide were only in B. pinnatum. Quantitatively, all the phytochemicals investigated in the study were present with V. amygdalina having the highest level of saponins than Bryophyllum pinnatum (P<0.05) and low steroids with P=0.2879 (P>0.05).The crude extract of V. amygdalina had the highest zone of inhibition compared to aqueous and ethanol extracts at 75 mg/ml concentration (P<0.05) but generally, the ethanol extracts of both plants had more inhibitions at varying concentrations. Thus comparing the antimicrobial activity of various extracts of both plants on the wound isolates and the controls (antibiotics and ethanol), there was significant variation in their zones of inhibition produce (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The results show that the zone of inhibition increases with the concentrations of the extracts. Therefore, the antimicrobial effect of these plants may depend on the concentration of the extract and the solvent used for extraction. This study showed that B. pinnatum and V. amygdalina could be used as an alternative therapy to antibiotics to treat wound infection caused by P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus.
Content of Photosynthetic Pigments and Leaf Gas Exchanges of Young Coffee Plants under Light Restriction and Treated with Paclobutrazol
Authors: Ribeiro André Felipe Fialho , Matsumoto Sylvana Naomi , Pereira Luanna Fernandes , De Oliveira Ueliton Soares , Teixeira Ednilson Carvalho , Ramos Paula Acácia Silva
Published: March 2019

The use of shading and paclobutrazol in coffee plants can be an important cultivation strategy to mitigate the negative effects of high solar radiation and atmospheric temperature. Therefore, the levels of photosynthetic pigments and foliar gas exchanges of young coffee plants submitted to doses of paclobutrazol were evaluated, in environments with artificial light restriction. Five experiments were performed: one in full sunlight and four in artificially shaded environments with black polyethylene meshes at 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% levels of light restriction. In each of these environments, an experiment was carried out, consisting of five treatments, defined by the application of paclobutrazol via substrate, at doses of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg of active ingredient per plant. Joint analysis of experiments and analysis of variance of the regression were made, for the study of levels of shading and doses of paclobutrazol. The light restriction optimized the photosynthetic apparatus of the plants, mainly at levels close to 60%, and considerably favored leaf gas exchanges of arabica coffee. The application of paclobutrazol in the studied dosages resulted in little or no effect on photosynthetic pigment contents and did not influence leaf gas exchanges of coffee plants.