bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tiered exposure‐assessment strategy in the semiconductor health study
Authors: Hammond S. Katharine , Hammond S. Katharine , Hines Cynthia J. , Hallock Marilyn F. , Woskle Susan R. , Abdollahzadeh Sassan , Iden C. Robert , Anson Ellen , Ramsey Fred , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

The Semiconductor Health Study included 14 U.S. companies with 82 silicon‐based wafer‐fabrication rooms and a complex array of processes and chemicals. Its epidemiologic components were a historical examination of spontaneous abortion rates among 902 women, a prospective evaluation of reproductive outcomes in 483 women, and a cross‐sectional review of MAle fertility and of respiratory, ergonomic, neurologic, or gastrointestinal problems among 3,175 men and women. Designing an exposure assessment strategy presented unique problems, and multiple agents had to be evaluated. A three‐tiered approach to exposure assessment was developed to reflect increasing specificity of exposures. At the first tier, employees were divided into fabrication and nonfabrication groups. At the second tier, work groups with qualitatively different exposures were determined. At the third tier, intensity of exposures to specific chemical, physical, and ergonomic agents was evaluated. Evaluations were based on worker reports of tasks performed, moderated by fabrication‐specific factors observed by study industrial hygienists during site visits.
Algorithms for estimating personal exposures to chemical agents in the semiconductor health study
Authors: Woskie Susan R. , Hammond S. Katharine , Hines Cynthia J. , Hallock Marilyn F. , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

For exposure assessment in a series of epidemiologic studies of semiconductor industry workers, estimates of potential personal exposures to selected chemical agents were developed using a set of algorithms. A worker's total exposure to each agent was defined as the sum of task scores for each task using that agent. Task scores were calculated as the intensity and frequency score for each task, modified by a factor indicating degree of presence of the target agent and a process‐specific emission factor representing degree of emission control present for that process. The algorithms used multiple sources of information to generate an exposure score for each worker‐process‐agent combination. Exposure scores were then placed into ordinal categories of exposure (0–3) for use in the epidemiologic analysis.
Historical cohort investigation of spontaneous abortion in the semiconductor health study: Epidemiologic methods and analyses of risk in fabrication overall and in fabrication work groups
Authors: Beaumont James J. , Swan Shanna H. , Hammond S. Katharine , Samuels Steven J. , Green Rochelle S. , Hallock Marilyn F. , Dominguez Carol , Boyd Peggy , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

The risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) in the semiconductor industry was examined in a historical cohort study of pregnancies at 14 companies. We identified Female employees who had worked for at least 6 months and whose ages ranged from 18 to 44 years during the 1986–1989 study period. Using company records, we included all fabrication‐room (fab) employees and an Approximately equal number of nonfabrication (non‐fab) employees, for a total sample of 7,269. Telephone interviews with 6,088 women (84%) identified 904 eligible pregnancies and 113 SABs. Exposure classification was based on questionnaire and industrial hygiene assessments of tasks the women performed during the first trimester of pregnancy. Using logistic regression to control for age, smoking, ethnicity, education, income, year of pregnancy, and stress, we found a higher risk of SAB in fab employees than in nonfab employees (15.0% of fab pregnancies ended in SAB vs. 10.4% of nonfab pregnancies, adjusted relative risk [RR] = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.95‐2.09). Analysis of fab work groups showed that the highest relative risk was in MAsking employees (17.5% SAB rate, adjusted RR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.17‐2.62 in comparison with nonfab employees). Within MAsking, the highest risk was found in etching‐related process employees (22.2% SAB rate, adjusted RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.27‐3.19 in comparison to nonfab employees)
Historical cohort study of spontaneous abortion among fabrication workers in the semiconductor health study: Agent‐level analysis
Authors: Swan Shanna H. , Beaumont James J. , Hammond S. Katharine , Vonbehren Julie , Green Rochelle S. , Hallock Marilyn F. , Woskie Susan R. , Hines Cynthia J. , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

Risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) was examined in relation to chemical and physical agents in a retrospective study of employees of 14 seminconductor MAnufacturers: After screening over 6,000 employees, 506 current and 385 former workers were eligible. If a woman had multiple eligible pregnancies, one was selected at random. Telephone interviews provided data on demographics and occupational and other exposures during the first trimester. Two groups of chemicals accounted for the 45% excess risk of SAB among fabrication‐room (fab) workers: photoresist and developed solvents (PDS), including glycol ethers, and fluoride compounds used in etching. Women exposed to high levels of both these agents were at greater risk (RR = 3.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–5.96). In fab workers without these exposures, SAB rates were not elevated (adjusted relative risk [RR] = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.55‐1.69). An association was seen with workplace stress, which was not limited to women exposed to PDS or fluoride, nor did stress explain the associations between these chemicals and SAB.
Epidemiologic methods for prospective assessment of menstrual cycle and reproductive characteristics in female semiconductor workers
Authors: Gold Eilen B. , Eskenazi Brenda , Lasley Bill L. , Samuels Steven J. , O'Neill Rasor Marianne , Overstreet James W. , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

Methods were developed to assess potential adverse effects of semiconductor fabrication work in a prospective study of reproductive health. All women aged 18–44 years who worked in seven silicon‐wafer fabrication sites in five companies and a frequency‐MAtched sample of women in nonfabrication jobs were included. Among 3,480 selected for screening, 2,639 (75%) completed a self‐administered questionnaire to identify women at risk of pregnancy. Among the 739 (28%) eligible women, 481 (65%) completed baseline interviews and 402 (83.6%) completed at least one menstrual cycle of follow‐up by providing daily diaries and daily urine samples. Menstrual cycle characteristics were assessed from questionnaires and diaries. Urine samples were assayed for reproductive hormones to identify conceptions. The usual cycle length recalled at baseline was 28 days. The mean cycle length (MCL) recorded in diaries was 29 days, with greater dispersion than at baseline. The median of the MCL from diary data was 28 days for women reporting regular cycles at baseline but 34 days for women reporting irregular cycles at baseline, and the median standard deviation in cycle length per woman was 2.5 days and 7.5 days, respectively. The prospective method, while expensive and labor intensive, showed good compliance. Nevertheless, recall also provided reasonably accurate Estimates and distinguished women with regular and irregular cycles.
Prospective assessment of fecundability of female semiconductor workers
Authors: Eskenazi Brenda , Gold Ellen B. , Samuels Steven J. , Wight Suzanne , Lasley Bill L. , Hammond S. Katharine , O'Neill Rasor Marianne , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

To investigate a possible effect of reduced fecundability (probability of conception per menstrual cycle) among women who fabricate silicon wafers, 152 fabrication‐room (fab) and 251 nonfab workers were followed for an average of five menstrual cycles. Daily urine samples were analyzed to confirm clinical spontaneous abortions (SABs) and early fetal losses (EFLs). Adjusted fecundability odds ratios (FRs) for fab workers ranged from 0.59 to 0.72 (p = 0.09‐0.28 vs. nonfab). For clinical pregnancies only, the adjusted FR ranged from 0.43‐0.50 (p = 0.04‐0.09 vs. nonfab). This lower fecundability was most pronounced among dopants and thin‐film workers [adjusted FR = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.27‐1.40 for all pregnancies; adjusted FR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.05‐0.96 for clinical pregnancies] and in workers exposed to ethylene‐based glycol ethers (adjusted FR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.11‐1.19).
A cross‐sectional study of musculoskeletal symptoms and risk factors in semiconductor workers
Authors: Pocekay Dennis , McCurdy Stephen A. , Samuels Steven J. , Hammond S. Katharine , Schenker Marc B.
Published: August 2010

As part of the cross‐sectional component of the Semiconductor Health Study, we assessed prevalence of specific musculoskeletal symptoms and their association with possible ergonomic risk factors. A total of 3,175 persons (78% participation rate) from eight manufacturing sites across the U.S. completed a health and work questionnaire. Using logistic regression methods to adjust for nonoccupational factors, we compared musculoskeletal symptom (self report) prevalence among fabrication room (fab) and nonfab workers, among specific work process groups, and among workers exposed to selected ergonomic stressors. Overall, seven of 12 musculoskeletal outcomes were significantly more prevalent among fab workers. Distal upper‐extremity symptoms were more common among fab than nonfab workers [relative risk (RR) = 1.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.26‐1.63] and showed a dose‐response effect with hours per day spent in the fab; increased risk was associated with frequency of lifting and with use of vacuum wands and projection aligners. female sex and high somatization index score were associated with increased reporting for all musculoskeletal outcomes.
Individual differences in emotionality: social temperament and health
Authors: Capitanio John P.
Published: August 2010

Individual differences, the importance of which was identified by Darwin more than 150 years ago, are evident in multiple domains. This review discusses the role of temperament in health‐related outcomes in rhesus monkeys. Temperament is proposed as affecting health outcomes via behavioral means, and also via physical means either through its direct association with variation in physiological systems (a “main effects” model), or through its impact on functioning when organisms are in stressful circumstances (an “interaction effects” model). The specific temperament factor described is Sociability, which reflects a tendency to affiliate, and which is associated with positive affect, and with differences in sensitivity of brain dopamine systems. Data are reviewed showing that individual differences in Sociability in rhesus monkeys are related to variation in sympathetic innervation of lymphoid tissue (a main effect), as well as to patterns of coping in socially stressful circumstances (an interaction effect). Results such as these have implications for studies in behavioral ecology, medicine, and even for management practices in captive colonies of nonhuman primates. Am. J. Primatol. 73:507–515, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Male dominance and reproductive success in wild white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) at Lomas Barbudal, Costa Rica
Authors: Muniz Laura , Perry Susan , Manson Joseph H. , Gilkenson Hannah , Gros‐Louis Julie , Vigilant Linda
Published: August 2010

Theory and a growing body of empirical evidence suggest that higher ranking males experience reproductive advantages in group‐living mammals. White‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) exhibit an interesting social system for investigating the relationship between dominance and reproductive success (RS) because they live in multimale multifemale social groups, in which the alpha males can have extraordinarily long tenures (i.e. they coreside with daughters of reproductive age). Genetic paternity was determined from fecal samples for 120 infants born into three social groups of wild C. capucinus at Lomas Barbudal Biological Reserve, Costa Rica. Alpha males produced far more offspring than expected by chance, and significantly high Nonac's B indices (a measure of deviation from a random distribution of RS among potentially breeding individuals) were a feature of six out of eight male tenures. The likelihood of the alpha male siring a particular offspring was predicted by the kin relationship between the mother and the alpha male, as well as the total number of males and females in the group. The almost complete lack of father–daughter inbreeding [Muniz et al., 2006] constitutes an impediment to alpha male reproductive monopolization in this population, particularly toward the end of long alpha male tenures. Am. J. Primatol. 72:1118–1130, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The relative toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
Authors: Fries James F. , Williams Catherine A. , Bloch Daniel A.
Published: August 2010

Toxicity Index scores were computed from symptoms, laboratory abnormalities, and hospitalizations attributed to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy in 2,747 patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving 5,642 courses of 11 NSAIDs over 8,481 patient‐years. Substantial differences in overall toxicity were found, the differences between drugs often being clinically significant (2‐3 times as toxic) and highly statistically significant. The results strengthened after adjustment for differing patient characteristics, held generally across multiple ARAMIS (Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System) data bank centers, and persisted after use of different techniques for the weighting of side effects. The most toxic side effects were experienced by patients taking indomethacin (mean ± SEM score 3.99 ± 0.58), tolmetin sodium (3.96 ± 0.74), and meclofenamate sodium (3.86 ± 0.66). Least toxic were coated or buffered aspirin (1.19 ± 0.10), salsalate (1.28 ± 0.34), and ibuprofen (1.94 ± 0.43). The most toxic drugs were generally taken in the lowest relative doses. There are statistical differences in overall toxicity between different NSAIDs as used in rheumatoid arthritis, and these differences are both clinically and statistically significant.
Quantitation of IgM‐ and IgG‐secreting B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Klinman Dennis M. , Shirai Akira , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki , Conover Jacqueline , Steinberg Alfred D.
Published: August 2010

An enzyme‐linked immunospot assay was used to quantitate the number of autoantibody‐secreting B cells in the peripheral blood of 67 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These patients had 1.5–4‐fold more lymphocytes secreting IgG and IgM per million peripheral blood lymphocytes than did normal controls. There was a concomitant increase in the number of B cells secreting antibodies reactive with a diverse panel of foreign and self antigens (including actin, myosin, trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin, ovalbumin, and retroviral gp160). By comparison, the number of B cells producing anti‐DNA antibodies was increased disproportionately. The magnitude of this anti‐DNA response correlated significantly with disease activity. Thus, B cell activation in human systemic lupus erythematosus had characteristics of both generalized (polyclonal) B cell activation and (auto)antigen‐specific immune stimulation.
Agalactosyl IgG: An aid to differential diagnosis in early synovitis
Authors: Young Adam , Sumar Nazira , Bodman Katherine , Goyal Sneh , Sinclair Hilary , Roitt Ivan , Isenberg David
Published: August 2010

Sixty consecutive patients presenting with early‐onset synovitis were studied by measuring rheumatoid factor (RF) titers and the percentage of oligosaccharide chains attached to the Cγ2 domain of IgG that lack galactose (GAL[0]). After 2 years of followup, 39 patients (65%) had developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 21 had developed a variety of other inflammatory joint diseases. A combination of RF positivity and GAL(0) levels above the age‐corrected mean gave a positive predictive value for a diagnosis of RA in 94% of these patients. These observations may well have clinical utility.
Measurement of an adhesion molecule as an indicator of inflammatory disease activity: Up‐regulation of the receptor for hyaluronate (CD44) in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Haynes Barton F. , Hale Laura P. , Patton Karen L. , Martin Margaret E. , McCallum Rex M.
Published: August 2010

The hyaluronate receptor (CD44) molecule is a multifunctional cell surface protein involved in T cell activation, monocyte cytokine release, fibroblast locomotion, and lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules. To study the roles CD44 molecules play in inflammatory synovitis, we measured expression of CD44 in inflamed and noninflamed synovial fluid and tissue, using indirect immunofluorescence assays on tissue sections and quantitative Western blot analysis. The ability of purified CD44 protein to modulate T cell responses was tested in T cell activation assays in which CD44‐containing liposomes were added in vitro. CD44 was widely expressed on many synovial cell types, and synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients contained 3.5 times more CD44 than tissue from osteoarthritis patients and 10.7 times more than tissue from patients with joint trauma. The level of soluble CD44 in RA synovial fluid was elevated only in fluids with low cell counts (≤7,000/mm3), and not in RA synovial fluid with higher cell counts. Soluble purified CD44 protein in liposomes partially suppressed T cell activation in vitro. These data demonstrate that CD44 is up‐regulated on many synovial cell types in patients with RA, and that the level of CD44 present in synovial tissue is related to the degree of synovial inflammation. Determination of ways to inhibit the proinflammatory functions of immune cell membrane CD44 molecules may provide new therapeutic modalities for RA.
Relationship between IgG2b‐inducing activity in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid and other well‐known cytokines and inflammatory mediators
Authors: Abedi‐Valugerdi Manuchehr , Ridderstad Anna , Ström Håkan , Möller Erna
Published: August 2010

In the present study, we sought to identify the T cell‐replacing factor which selectively induces IgG2b antibody formation in lipopolysaccharide‐activated mouse spleen cells in vitro and in vivo, and which is present in the synovial fluid (SF) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. The protein A plaque assay was used to measure IgM, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG3 plaque‐forming cells. An enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) levels in RA SF. We found that IgG2b induction by RA SF is not caused by IL‐6, IL‐1, or any other inflammatory cytokines or mediators, such as transforming growth factor β, platelet‐derived growth factor, nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, elastase, colla‐genase, and phospholipase A2. IgG2b‐inducing factor in RA SF has unique biological properties compared with those of the interleukins and inflammatory mediators known to be present in RA SF.
Intractable vasculitis, resorptive osteolysis, and immunity to type i collagen in type viii ehlers‐danlos syndrome
Authors: Hoffman Gary S. , Filie Jane D. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Ortiz‐Bravo Esteban , Tsokos Maria G. , Marini Joan C. , Kerr Gail S. , Ling Quihe , Trentham David E.
Published: August 2010

A unique patient with type VIII Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome and cutaneous vasculitis, resorptive osteolysis, and cardiac valvular disease is described. Collagen analyses identified morphologic and physical abnormalities of type I collagen. The patient's T lymphocytes could be propagated in vitro with type I collagen and produced a 60‐kd lymphokine that bound this protein. Cellular autoimmunity to type I collagen may be responsible for this patient's intractable clinical condition.
Sentiment strength detection in short informal text
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Buckley Kevan , Paltoglou Georgios , Cai Di , Kappas Arvid
Published: August 2010

A huge number of informal messages are posted every day in social network sites, blogs, and discussion forums. Emotions seem to be frequently important in these texts for expressing friendship, showing social support or as part of online arguments. Algorithms to identify sentiment and sentiment strength are needed to help understand the role of emotion in this informal communication and also to identify inappropriate or anomalous affective utterances, potentially associated with threatening behavior to the self or others. Nevertheless, existing sentiment detection algorithms tend to be commercially oriented, designed to identify opinions about products rather than user behaviors. This article partly fills this gap with a new algorithm, SentiStrength, to extract sentiment strength from informal English text, using new methods to exploit the de facto grammars and spelling styles of cyberspace. Applied to MySpace comments and with a lookup table of term sentiment strengths optimized by machine learning, SentiStrength is able to predict positive emotion with 60.6% accuracy and negative emotion with 72.8% accuracy, both based upon strength scales of 1–5. The former, but not the latter, is better than baseline and a wide range of general machine learning approaches.
Perception of emotion in musical performance in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Bhatara Anjali , Quintin Eve‐Marie , Levy Bianca , Bellugi Ursula , Fombonne Eric , Levitin Daniel J.
Published: August 2010

Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are impaired in understanding the emotional undertones of speech, many of which are communicated through prosody. Musical performance also employs a form of prosody to communicate emotion, and the goal of this study was to examine the ability of adolescents with ASD to understand musical emotion. We designed an experiment in which each musical stimulus served as its own control while we varied the emotional expressivity by manipulating timing and amplitude variation. We asked children and adolescents with ASD and matched controls as well as individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) to rate how emotional these excerpts sounded. Results show that children and adolescents with ASD are impaired relative to matched controls and individuals with WS at judging the difference in emotionality among the expressivity levels. Implications for theories of emotion in autism are discussed in light of these findings.
Enhanced connectivity between visual cortex and other regions of the brain in autism: a REM sleep EEG coherence study
Authors: Léveillé Cathy , Barbeau Elise B. , Bolduc Christianne , Limoges Élyse , Berthiaume Claude , Chevrier Élyse , Mottron Laurent , Godbout Roger
Published: August 2010

Functional interregional neural coupling was measured as EEG coherence during REM sleep, a state of endogenous cortical activation, in 9 adult autistic individuals (21.1±4.0 years) and 13 typically developed controls (21.5±4.3 years) monitored for two consecutive nights in a sleep laboratory. Spectral analysis was performed on 60 s of artefact‐free EEG samples distributed equally throughout the first four REM sleep periods of the second night. EEG coherence was calculated for six frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and total spectrum) using a 22‐electrode montage. The magnitude of coherence function was computed for intra‐ and interhemispheric pairs of recording sites. Results were compared by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Each time the autistic group showed a greater EEG coherence than the controls; it involved intrahemispheric communication among the left visual cortex (O1) and other regions either close to or distant from the occipital cortex. In contrast, lower coherence values involved frontal electrodes in the right hemisphere. No significant differences between groups were found for interhemispheric EEG coherence. These results show that the analysis of EEG coherence during REM sleep can disclose patterns of cortical connectivity that can be reduced or increased in adults with autism compared to typically developed individuals, depending of the cortical areas studied. Superior coherence involving visual perceptual areas in autism is consistent with an enhanced role of perception in autistic brain organization.
Addiction: Decreased reward sensitivity and increased expectation sensitivity conspire to overwhelm the brain's control circuit
Authors: Volkow Nora D. , Wang Gene‐Jack , Fowler Joanna S. , Tomasi Dardo , Telang Frank , Baler Ruben
Published: August 2010

Based on brain imaging findings, we present a model according to which addiction emerges as an imbalance in the information processing and integration among various brain circuits and functions. The dysfunctions reflect (a) decreased sensitivity of reward circuits, (b) enhanced sensitivity of memory circuits to conditioned expectations to drugs and drug cues, stress reactivity, and (c) negative mood, and a weakened control circuit. Although initial experimentation with a drug of abuse is largely a voluntary behavior, continued drug use can eventually impair neuronal circuits in the brain that are involved in free will, turning drug use into an automatic compulsive behavior. The ability of addictive drugs to co‐opt neurotransmitter signals between neurons (including dopamine, glutamate, and GABA) modifies the function of different neuronal circuits, which begin to falter at different stages of an addiction trajectory. Upon exposure to the drug, drug cues or stress this results in unrestrained hyperactivation of the motivation/drive circuit that results in the compulsive drug intake that characterizes addiction.
E. coli K5 fermentation and the preparation of heparosan, a bioengineered heparin precursor
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Ly Mellisa , Zhang Fuming , Zhong Weihong , Suen Amy , Hickey Anne Marie , Dordick Jonathan S. , Linhardt Robert J.
Published: August 2010

Heparosan is an acidic polysaccharide natural product, which serves as the critical precursor in heparin biosynthesis and in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of bioengineered heparin. Heparosan is also the capsular polysaccharide of Escherichia coli K5 strain. The current study was focused on the examination of the fermentation of E. coli K5 with the goal of producing heparosan in high yield and volumetric productivity. The structure and molecular weight properties of this bacterial heparosan were determined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Fermentation of E. coli K5 in a defined medium using exponential fed‐batch glucose addition with oxygen enrichment afforded heparosan at 15 g/L having a number average molecular weight of 58,000 Da and a weight average molecular weight of 84,000 Da. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 964–973. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of an aqueous two‐phase systems high‐throughput screening method to evaluate mAb HCP separation
Authors: Oelmeier Stefan A. , Dismer Florian , Hubbuch Jürgen
Published: August 2010

Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs) as separation technique have regained substantial interest from the biotech industry. Biopharmaceutical companies faced with increasing product titers and stiffening economic competition reconsider ATPS as an alternative to chromatography. As the implementation of an ATPS is material, time, and labor intensive, a miniaturized and automated screening process would be beneficial. In this article such a method, its statistical evaluation, and its application to a biopharmaceutical separation task are shown. To speed up early stage ATPS profiling an automated application of the cloud‐point method for binodal determination was developed. PEG4000–PO4 binodals were measured automatically and manually and were found to be identical within the experimental error. The ATPS screening procedure was applied to a model system and an industrial separation task. PEG4000–PO4 systems at a protein concentration of 0.75 mg/mL were used. The influence of pH, NaCl addition, and tie line length was investigated. Lysozyme as model protein, two monoclonal antibodies, and a host cell protein pool were used. The method was found to yield partition coefficients identical to manually determined values for lysozyme. The monoclonal antibodies were shifted from the bottom into the upper phase by addition of NaCl. This shift occurred at lower NaCl concentration when the pH of the system was closer to the pI of the distributed protein. Addition of NaCl, increase in PEG4000 concentration and pH led to significant loss of the mAb due to precipitation. Capacity limitations of these systems were thus demonstrated. The chosen model systems allowed a reduction of up to 50% HCP with a recovery of greater than 95% of the target proteins. As these values might not be industrially relevant when compared to current chromatographic procedures, the developed screening procedure allows a fast evaluation of more suitable and optimized ATPS system for a given task. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:69–81. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural Characterization of Lipopeptide Methyl Esters Produced by Bacillus licheniformis HSN 221
Authors: Li Yiming , Yang Shizhong , Mu Bozhong
Published: August 2010

Lipopeptides and their analogues are of increasing interest due to their amphiphilic structures and potential applications in various fields. Three purified lipopeptides analogues were obtained at the same time after two‐step column‐chromatographic purification from cell‐free broth cultivated by Bacillus licheniformis HSN 221. Analysis by ESI‐MS, GC/MS, HPLC, and Q‐TOF MS/MS revealed their primary structures as anteiso‐C15‐ and iso‐C15‐β‐hydroxy fatty acid‐Gln‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐MeAsp‐Leu‐Ile, anteiso‐C15‐ and iso‐C15‐β‐hydroxy fatty acid‐MeGlu‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐Asp‐Leu‐Ile and iso‐C16‐β‐hydroxy fatty acid‐Glu‐Leu‐Leu‐Val‐MeAsp‐Leu‐Ile, respectively. The production of two surfactin monomethyl esters and one lichenysin monomethyl ester directly from microorganisms is helpful to understand the variants of metabolites.
Chemical Diversity in the Genus Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): Comparative Composition of Four Alpinia Species Grown in Northern India
Authors: Padalia Rajendra C. , Verma Ram S. , Sundaresan Velusamy , Chanotiya Chandan S.
Published: August 2010

The essential‐oil compositions of leaves, flowers, and rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd., Alpinia calcarata Rosc., Alpinia speciosa K. Schum., and Alpinia allughas Rosc. were examined and compared by capillary GC and GC/MS. Monoterpenoids were the major oil constituents identified. 1,8‐Cineole, α‐terpineol, (E)‐methyl cinnamate, camphor, terpinen‐4‐ol, and α‐ and β‐pinenes were the major constituents commonly distributed in leaf and flower essential oils. The presence of endo‐fenchyl acetate, exo‐fenchyl acetate, and endo‐fenchol was the unique feature of rhizome essential oils of A. galanga, A. calcarata, and A. speciosa. On contrary, the rhizome oil of A. allughas was dominated by β‐pinene. Significant qualitative and quantitative variations were observed in essential‐oil compositions of different parts of Alpinia species growing in subtemperate and subtropical regions of Northern India. Cluster analysis was performed to find similarities and differences in essential‐oil compositions based on representative molecular skeletons. Monoterpenoids, viz., 1,8‐cineole, terpinen‐4‐ol, camphor, pinenes, (E)‐methyl cinnamate, and fenchyl derivatives, were used as chemotaxonomic markers.
Bioactivity of Amphitoxin, the Major Constituent of the Jamaican Sponge Amphimedon compressa
Authors: Thompson Monique N. , Gallimore Winklet A. , Townsend Martin M. , Chambers Nadia A. , Williams Lawrence A. D.
Published: August 2010

Fractionation of the MeOH/CH2Cl2 extract of the sponge Amphimedon compressa afforded the secondary metabolite amphitoxin (1), the structure of which was elucidated by interpretation of 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR data. The crude extract and the fractions containing the metabolite 1 were assessed for ichthyotoxic and insecticidal activity towards Xiphophorus variatus (moon fish) and Cylas formicarius elegantulus (sweet potato weevil), respectively. In addition, the ability of 1 to cause mortality (toxicity and lethal effect) in the rodent Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) was examined. Moderate insecticidal activity was observed, while the toxicity towards the moon fish was evidenced by the high mortality rates for all the fractions tested. In contrast, the rodent was not affected by the metabolite.
Antitumor‐Promoting Effects and Cytotoxic Activities of Dammar Resin Triterpenoids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Ukiya Motohiko , Kikuchi Takashi , Tokuda Harukuni , Tabata Keiichi , Kimura Yumiko , Arai Takanari , Ezaki Yoichiro , Oseto Osamu , Suzuki Takashi , Akihisa Toshihiro
Published: August 2010

Nineteen known triterpenoids, 1–19, and one known sesquiterpenoid, 20, were isolated from dammar resin obtained from Shorea javanica K. & V. (Dipterocarpaceae). One of the acidic triterpenoids, dammarenolic acid (1), was converted to fourteen derivatives, namely, an alcohol, 21, an aldehyde, 22, and twelve L‐amino acid conjugates, 23–34. Compounds 1–34 were examined for their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein–Barr virus early antigen (EBV‐EA) by 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, a known primary screening test for antitumor promoters. All of the compounds tested, except for compounds 4, 5, 12–14, 16, and 17, showed inhibitory effects against EBV‐EA activation with potencies either comparable with or stronger than that of β‐carotene, a known natural antitumor promoter. In addition, (20S)‐20‐hydroxy‐3,4‐secodammara‐4(28),24‐dien‐3‐al (22) exhibited inhibitory effects on skin tumor promotion in an in vivo two‐stage mouse skin carcinogenesis test based on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as initiator, and with TPA as promoter. Furthermore, evaluation of the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–34 against human cancer cell lines showed that reduction (i.e., 21 and 22) or conjugation with L‐amino acids (i.e., 23–34) of compound 1 enhanced the cytotoxicity against human melanoma cell line CRL1579.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercury(II) Selenite.
Authors: KOSKENLINNA M. , VALKONEN J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Pentoxide at 233 K.
Authors: STACHEL D. , SVOBODA I. , FUESS H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Reaction‐Bonded Silicon Nitride from Silane‐Derived Silicon Powders: Nucleation and Growth Mechanisms.
Authors: SHELDON B. W. , RANKIN J. , HAGGERTY J. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: K2Br(OH) and Rb2Br(OH): Two New Ternary Alkali Metal Halide Hydroxides with a Pronounced Structural Relationship to KOH and RbOH, resp.
Authors: BARLAGE H. , JACOBS H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Tetrafluoride ‐ A Surprising Simple Column Structure.
Authors: BIALOWONS H. , MUELLER M. , MUELLER B. G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A More Than 7 Å Thick Silicium Strand in Ba2Eu3Si7.
Authors: HAEUSSERMANN C. , NESPER R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 235. Preparation of Larger Amounts of Diphosphane(4) in the Laboratory.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , STAENDEKE H. , BORGARDT M. , STRABEL H. , DOBBERS J. , MUNTENBECK H. , SCHOENER CH. P. , FABER W. , KRAUSE U. M. , KRONENBERG W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Microporous Gallophosphate (NH4)4(Ga8P8O32(OH)4(H2O)4)×4 H2O ×0.64 PrOH with an Octahedral‐Tetrahedral Framework.
Authors: FENG S. , XU X. , YANG G. , XU R. , GLASSER F. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a Novel Open‐Framework Gallium Phosphate ( Me2NH(CH2)2NHMe2)2+(Ga4P5O20H)2‐× H2O.
Authors: CHIPPINDALE A. M. , WALTON R. I. , TURNER C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Studies of Allene, Methylacetylene, and the Propargyl Radical: Bond Dissociation Energies, Gas‐Phase Acidities, and Ion‐ Molecule Chemistry.
Authors: ROBINSON M. S. , POLAK M. L. , BIERBAUM V. M. , DEPUY C. H. , LINEBERGER W. C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Metal Complexes. Part 68. Asymmetric Synthesis of 2‐Vinylmorpholine and 2‐Vinylpiperazine Catalyzed by Palladium‐BHMP Catalyst.
Authors: YAMAZAKI A. , ACHIWA K.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Thiols by Thione‐Thiol Rearrangement Catalyzed by Optically Active Pyridine N‐Oxides.
Authors: DIANA M. B. , MARCHETTI M. , MELLONI G.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagent Control of Stereochemistry in Allylic Additions to Chiral Aldehydes with CpMo(NO)(X)(2‐methallyl) Complexes of High Enantiomeric Purity.
Authors: FALLER J. W. , NGUYEN J. T. , MAZZIERI M. R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric syn‐Selective Michael Addition of Enolates to Chiral 8‐ Phenylmenthyloxy Vinyl Chromium Carbene Complexes.
Authors: BARLUENGA J. , MONTSERRAT J. M. , FLOREZ J. , GARCIA‐GRANDA S. , MARTIN E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereoselective Reduction of Chiral β‐Ketosulfoxide from (+)‐Camphor.
Authors: CHAU T.‐Y. , CHEN L.‐J. CHEN L.‐J. , QIN Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Baylis‐Hillman Reactions Using Chiral 2,3‐Disubstituted 1,4‐ Diazabicyclo(2.2.2)octanes Catalysts under High Pressure Conditions.
Authors: OISHI T. , OGURI H. , HIRAMA M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Acetates by Transesterification Catalyzed by Chiral Alkoxocopper(I) Complexes.
Authors: YOSHIZUMI T. , TAKAYA H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Symmetrical Diketones Catalyzed by a Rhodium Complex with trans‐Chelating Chiral Diphosphine EtTRAP.
Authors: KUWANO R. , SAWAMURA M. , SHIRAI J. , TAKAHASHI M. , ITO Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Opening of Substituted Styrenic Epoxides by Lithium Azide in the Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin.
Authors: GUY A. , DOUSSOT J. , DALLAMAGGIORE A. , GARREAU R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Concerted and Nonconcerted Reaction Path; Thermolysis of Dispiro(2.2.2. 2)deca‐4,9‐diene.
Authors: ROTH W. R. , UNGER C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis of Ketonitrones.
Authors: FRANCO S. , MERCHAN F. L. , MERINO P. , TEJERO T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkable Effect of Silyl Substitution on Electrocyclization of Vinylallenes.
Authors: MURAKAMI M. , AMII H. , ITAMI K. , ITO Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Extremely Regioselective Intramolecular Silylformylation of Alkynes.
Authors: OJIMA I. , VIDAL E. , TZAMARIOUDAKI M. , MATSUDA I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cascades in Synthesis. Dioxatriquinanes and Doubly‐Annulated Glycosides by Triethylborane‐Induced Atom Transfer Cyclization of 1,5‐ Enynes and 1,5‐Diynes.
Authors: WOLTERING T. J. , HOFFMANN H. M. R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Potassium Fluoride on Alumina: One‐Pot Synthesis of Allyl Dithioesters by Tandem Condensation‐Alkylation‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement.
Authors: VILLEMIN D. , HACHEMI M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Pummerer Reaction of γ,δ‐Unsaturated Sulfinyl Compounds.
Authors: ABE H. , ITANI J. , MASUNARI C. , KASHINO S. , HARAYAMA T.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Substituent Control of Excited State Reactivity: The Intramolecular Ortho Arene‐Olefin Photocycloaddition.
Authors: NUSS J. M. , CHINN J. P. , MURPHY M. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: FT‐EPR Study of the Photolysis of 4‐Chlorophenol.
Authors: OUARDAOUI A. , STEREN C. A. , VAN WILLIGEN H. , YANG C.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.