bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid fault healing after seismic slip
Authors: Bedford John , Hirose Takehiro , Hamada Yohei
Published: September 2022

Fault strength recovery (healing) following an earthquake is a key process in controlling the recurrence of future events; however, the rates and mechanisms of fault healing are poorly constrained. Here, by performing high-velocity friction experiments at seismic slip rates (0.57 m/s), we show that granite and gabbro fault gouges recover their strength rapidly after experiencing dynamic weakening. The healing rates are one to two orders of magnitude faster than those observed in typical frictional healing experiments performed at slow slip velocities (micrometers to millimeters per second). Analysis of the sheared gouges using Raman spectroscopy suggests that enhanced healing after seismic slip is associated with thermally activated chemical bonding at frictional contacts in the gouge. Our results indicate that seismogenic faults can potentially regain their strength early during interseismic periods, which would imply that healing may not be the dominant control on earthquake recurrence, with other processes, such as far-field tectonic loading or frictional stability transitions, possibly dictating the occurrence of future events.
A 1.2 Billion Pixel Human-Labeled Dataset for Data-Driven Classification of Coastal Environments
Authors: Buscombe Daniel , Wernette Phillipe , Fitzpatrick Sharon , Favela Jaycee , Goldstein Evan , Enwright Nicholas
Published: September 2022

The world’s coastlines are spatially highly variable, coupled-human-natural systems that comprise a nested hierarchy of component landforms, ecosystems, and human interventions, each interacting over a range of space and time scales. Understanding and predicting coastline dynamics necessitates frequent observation from imaging sensors on remote sensing platforms. Machine Learning models that carry out supervised (i.e., human-guided) pixel-based classification, or image segmentation, have transformative applications in spatio-temporal mapping of dynamic environments, including transient coastal landforms, sediments, habitats, waterbodies, and water flows. However, these models require large and well-documented training and testing datasets consisting of labeled imagery. We describe “Coast Train,” a multi-labeler dataset of orthomosaic and satellite images of coastal environments and corresponding labels. These data include imagery that are diverse in space and time, and contain 1.2 billion labeled pixels, representing over 3.6 million hectares. We use a human-in-the-loop tool especially designed for rapid and reproducible Earth surface image segmentation. Our approach permits image annotation by multiple labelers, in turn enabling quantification of pixel-level agreement over individual and collections of images.
The relationship between the interdisciplinary activation of children's scientific concepts and their mastery of basic knowledges：A pre-study based on reaction times
Authors: Zhong WANG
Published: September 2022

the activation of scientific concepts (such as association) is not only an important way for children to organize scientific knowledges, but also an important way for them to learn complex concepts (such as compound concepts composed of multiple knowledge points). Inspired by the details of a primary electrical lesson, we used the E-Prime software to study the activation of concepts inside and outside the electrical unit by students with different electrical knowledge levels (taking reaction time as the main index). The results showed that: ① the levels of basic knowledge was negatively correlated with the cross domain activation ability of concepts, that is, the worse the basic knowledge, the faster the cross domain activation speed (P < 0.05); ② The better the basic knowledges, the closer the activation behavior is to science teachers. Conclusion: ① the poorer the basic knowledges, the stronger the cross domain association ability and the more active the thinking; ② The reason for this phenomenon may be human’s thinking is patterned; ③ Therefore, there is a potential logical contradiction in the view that divergent thinking is the psychological basis of creativity.
Systematic review of the effects of sleep on memory and word learning in infancy.
Authors: Belia Margherita , Keren-Portnoy Tamar , Vihman Marilyn
Published: September 2022

This systematic review surveys research on the associations between sleep and the memory processes involved in word learning in infancy. Only 16 studies were found to address this topic directly, identifying associations between infant sleep, the identification of word forms in running speech and the stabilisation and generalisation of new word form-meaning associations. Some studies investigated changes in brain responses after word learning and in sleep parameters during post-learning sleep. Others investigated the long-term effects of sleeping patterns on later vocabulary development. All but one of these studies identified positive associations between sleep and word learning in early childhood, extending similar findings in adults and school-aged children. However, there remain several gaps in the current research on early lexical development and sleep; future investigations should address these gaps to better understand lexical development and to create links between memory and language acquisition research.
Penilaian 1 Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Penilaian 1 Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Penilaian 2 Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: September 2022

Penilaian 2 Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas 5B MI NU TBS Kudus
Prevalence of operative complications in obstetric and gynecological surgeries requiring interventions by a general surgeon and their associated risk factors: A retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital in Vindhya region
Authors: Singh Saddam , Singh Ashish Pratap , Chouhan Anil , Patidar Ajay
Published: September 2022

Background: Surgical complications can occur in any surgery despite the best possible efforts, thereby affecting the prognosis. Gynecological and obstetric surgeries also result in some complications which require interventions by a general surgeon. These complications can be either causing hemodynamic instability, urinary tract injury, gastrointestinal tract injury, or infections.
Aims and Objectives: The present study designed to identify and classify the various complication in obstetric and gynecological surgeries requiring interventions by a general surgeon and to correlate the various risk factors that predispose to these complications.
Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Surgery, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated hospitals, Rewa, M.P., for 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021. Gynecological and obstetric surgeries resulting in complications requiring surgical intervention were identified and classified based on patients’ demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and type of complications.
Results: A total of 1356 cases undergoing an obstetrical or gynecological procedure in the department of obstetrics and gynecology were studied. About 2.14% of the patients had some kind of intraoperative or post-operative complications, which required intervention by a general surgeon. The mean age of females having complications was 37.17±3.71 years. Overall the most common complication was surgical site infection with 48% of the total cases.
Conclusion: In this present study, the incidence of surgical complications in obstetrical and gynecological surgeries, which is associated with higher morbidity postoperatively. These complications can be prevented by proper vigilance and surgical technique in high-risk patients.
Management of both bone forearm fracture using titanium elastic nailing system in pediatric age group
Authors: Satpathy Goutam Kumar , Sahoo Dullav , Lingdeheli Venkatesh Gouri  , Nanda Debi Prasad
Published: September 2022

Background: The management of pediatric forearm fracture has been a dilemma to surgeon. Conservative treatment with cast still is the preferred treatment. Never the less old children and proximal fracture warrants some form of internal fixation.
Aims and Objective: The aims of this were to analyze the role of titanium elastic nailing system in fixation of pediatric forearm fractures and its associated complications.
Materials and Methods: Over 3 years, 103 patients were enrolled in our institute. After obtaining consent and preanesthetic check-up, patients were scheduled for surgery, where internal fixation was done using titanium elastic nailing system. Patients were followed up every month for 3 months and then every 3 months interval for 8 months. The time to union and functional score were assessed using modified Flynn score.
Results: Among the 103 patients, 63 (61.16%) were in the age group of 7–13 years. Mean age was 11.72±3.50 years (range 4–18 years). Seventy-eight (75.72%) patients were male and fall from height was the most common 66 (64%) mode of injury. Radiological union occurred in most 54 (52.42%) of the patients at average 5–7 weeks. As per the modified Flynn criteria, 82 (79.61%) cases had excellent functional outcome, 11 (10.67%) cases good, 4 (4.12%) fair, and 6 (5.82%) had poor outcome. Neuropraxia was seen in 8 (7.76%) cases and rupture of extensor pollicis brevis was seen in 4 (4.12%) patients and treated accordingly. All the patients regained full functional recovery.
Conclusion: TENS is an effective, safe, reliable, and easily reproducible technique for the management of pediatric forearm fractures. It has advantage of preserving the fracture hematoma, providing relative stability to ensue early rehabilitation and minimally invasive nature.
Effect of diabetes mellitus on outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients: A comparative study
Authors: Akshay Hiriyur Manjunathaswamy  , Nagashree Viswanath  , Smitha Malenahalli Chandrashekarappa  , Ramashetty Rajalakshmi , Kalvapudi Devaki
Published: September 2022

Background: Elderly population, individuals with metabolic derangements such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, and immunocompromised patients are falling prey to the severity of illness caused by the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. India, deemed as the “Diabetes Capital of the World,” has a large population vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and its complications.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to measure, compare, and describe the clinical and biochemical parameters of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit, with and without diabetes mellitus, and their outcomes in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted on 146 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease confirmed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, 66 of them categorized as diabetic and 80 as non-diabetic. Details of socio-demographic variables, medical history, and comorbidities of the patients were collected using a pre-tested and validated questionnaire. Vital signs and hematological, biochemical, and respiratory parameters were recorded and analyzed among both the groups of COVID-19 patients.
Results: There were statistically significant differences in the age, sequential organ failure assessment scores at admission, SpO2, HbA1c, blood urea, creatinine, serum potassium, random blood sugar, ALT, pCO2, PaO2, acute respiratory distress syndrome (PaO2/FiO2), and the length of hospital stay between the diabetic and non-diabetic patients.
Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 disease with diabetes mellitus have higher levels of inflammatory markers and of other predictors of severity of illness, need for admission in critical care units, and risk of in-hospital deaths compared to non-diabetic patients.
Cerebral Palsy in Children - an indicator of maternal care in pregnancy - How far are we from attaining continuum of care
Authors: Neha Rai  , Rai Narendra , Virinder Singh Gogia  , Devesh Kumar Shukla
Published: September 2022

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term covering a group of disorders arising from a non-progressive injury to the brain during its development. It results from injury to developing brains. These injuries can be both intrauterine or peripartum. Better antenatal and peripartum care will help in decreasing the number of children with CP.
Aims and Objectives: The objective of the study was to evaluate antenatal as well as post-natal risk factors of CP in children in Uttar Pradesh.
Materials and Methods: Observational cross-sectional study was conducted on children aged 2–14 years with CP visiting Pediatric Neurology clinic of Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences.
Results: 104 children were enrolled in the study. Mean age of children enrolled for the study was 2.8 years. About 66% were vaginally delivered. About 83% (n=86) were term deliveries. Intrapartum complication was seen in 33% (n=34) of mothers. Most common peripartum complication was prolonged labor (100%, n=34) followed by meconium stained liquor (85%, n=29). Cord around neck was seen in 24% (n=8) of cases. About 25% of were low birth weight. About 49.4% (n=42) were attended by Angan Wadi workers. Most common motor type of CP was spastic quadriplegia (57.6%, n=60), followed by spastic diplegia (23%, n=24), spastic hemiplegia (10.57%, n=11), and hypotonic CP (7.6%, n=8).
Conclusion: Majority of study were delivered vaginally and at term yet 82% had perinatal asphyxia and nearly 50% were received by Anganwadi workers. Better antenatal and perinatal care are the road to prevention of CP.
Epidemiology of sudden unexpected natural medicolegal deaths in Jammu region of union territory of Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Sandhya Arora  , Maini Vinka , Deepa Hans
Published: September 2022

Background: Medicolegal autopsies are conducted in cases of sudden and unexpected deaths primarily to establish the cause of death in cases where such deaths have occurred in apparently healthy individuals under suspicious circumstances.
Aims and Objectives: The current study was done to analyze autopsies of individuals dying of sudden death.
Materials and Methods: A retrospective, case record study on cases of natural deaths brought for medicolegal autopsies to the mortuary was studied. The findings were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics to find out the mean, percentage, and frequencies.
Results: In the present study, a total of 70 sudden unexpected natural medicolegal deaths were studied. Male (92.86%) was more than females (7.14%) and male: female ratio was 13:1. The most common age group was 51–60 years (40%) followed by 41–50 years (35.71%). System-wise cardiovascular system involvement was most common (54.29%), followed by respiratory system (14.29%), central nervous system (10%), gastrointestinal tract (8.57%), genitourinary system (2.86%), septicemia (2.86%), and miscellaneous (7.14%) were noted. Coronary artery disease (51.43%) was most common disease noted, followed by tuberculosis (10%), intraventricular hemorrhage (10%), cirrhosis (7.14%), pneumonia/bronchiolitis (4.29%), cardiomyopathy (2.86%), septicemia (2.86%), ruptured ectopic pregnancy (1.43%), and chronic pyelonephritis (1.43%) were noted as cause of death.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular disease accounts for the maximum number of sudden deaths, in which coronary artery disease is the main cause of sudden deaths.
A study to evaluate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and cognitive dysfunction
Authors: Rakesh Kumar Patel  , Karan Saran Kapur  , Sardar Eske
Published: September 2022

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder. It leads to slow progressive end-organ damage (both microvascular and macrovascular). The cognitive dysfunction is a less known and less addressed complication of DM.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction in the patient with DM and to assess the cognitive dysfunction by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) of the patients who are suffering from DM.
Materials and Methods: A total of 979 diabetic patients were screened for cognitive dysfunction using MMSE score. The patients were evaluated as per the history. MMSE is a 30-point questionnaire which is mainly used to measure the cognitive impairment.
Results: A total of 979 diabetic patients were included in the study out of which 44.7% of the patients were found to have cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairment was more prevalent in female diabetics (51%) as compared to male diabetics (39.8%). The result is significant at P<0.05. Patients with longer duration of diabetes had much higher incidence of cognitive impairment (80.9%) as compare with the patients with short duration of diabetes which has lesser incidence of cognitive impairment (16.2%). P<0.001 was considered statistically significant.
Conclusion: Majority of the subjects suffering from DM have concomitant cognitive impairment. There is a significant cognitive impairment seen in subjects with DM. Early recognition and management of the cognitive dysfunction will help in improving quality of life.
An unattended silent killer: A facility-based cross-sectional study on undiagnosed hypertension from Haryana, India
Authors: Vijay Kumar Silan  , Ramesh Kumar Verma  , Ravinder Pal  , Tarun
Published: September 2022

Background: Non-communicable diseases are on the upsurge throughout the world. They take a toll of 71% of overall total death, majorly contributed by cardiovascular disease. Hypertension has been a consistent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among the various risk factors. Hypertension’s asymptomatic nature makes it a silent killer; many lives are avertable if a timely diagnosis can be assured.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among the attendees of a sub-district hospital.
Materials and Methods: We conveniently chose 100 participants of age 30 years from the out-patient department of a sub-district hospital in Gohana, Haryana. Any attendees aged more than 30 years was requested to participate in the study. The execution of the study was done in accordance to the guidelines laid in Helsinki Declaration 1975, revised 1983. Due permission was taken from the concerned authority of the study facility. After obtaining well-informed consent, data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. The blood pressure was measured and classified per JNC-8 guidelines. Any participant having systolic B.P. more than 140 mmHg and diastolic B.P. more than 90 mmHg on two 5 min apart readings was considered hypertensive. The descriptive analysis was done in terms of frequencies and proportions. The Chi-square test was done to determine any association of undiagnosed hypertension with selected risk factors.
Results: We report a 59% prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension among study participants. The undiagnosed hypertension was statistically associated (P<0.05) with higher body mass index, less physically active, being a diabetic, alcoholic, smoker, and having a positive family history of hypertension. Only 2% of the participants knew of any health program on non-communicable diseases.
Conclusion: A higher prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension even after health facility visits for any other reason warrants the standardized and universal blood pressure measurement of patients visiting health facilities irrespective of the health issue, for which they are visiting.
A comparative study of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients between the first and second wave of COVID-19 at a tertiary care center
Authors: Dhore Nilay , Ahuja Amod , Naik Kunj , Patil Mayur , Prasad Shashi Prabha , Manade Varsha
Published: September 2022

Background: SARS CoV-2 has become a household name since early 2019 and till very recently has shown many mutations, some of which were predictable in behavior whereas some have been quite bizarre. With all these surreal mutants of the virus, the basic signs and symptoms of the infection also were diversified. A few studies compared the conjunctivitis features of the first and second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.
Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the evidence of conjunctivitis between the first and second wave of COVID-19 patients.
Materials and Methods: In this retrospective and observational research, clinical and laboratory characteristics of the patients with COVID-19 admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Western Maharashtra. We evaluated the patients including detailed history taken from the medical records and ocular evaluation was carried out by a trained ophthalmologist who was posted in the COVID-19 ward at that time. The patient’s symptoms were compared with the severity of COVID-19 disease classified as mild, moderate, and based on oxygen support given to the patient.
Results: A total of 150 patients were evaluated in this study, of which 50 patients were from the first wave and 100 were from second wave of COVID-19. Among the total patients, about (80%) of patients with mild severity of COVID-19 disease were from in first wave v/s (61%) patients with mild severity of disease were from the second wave. Furthermore, it was observed that disease severity with moderate patients from the first wave was around (20%) v/s (39%) in the second wave. Among the total patients’ data, 66% of patients infected with conjunctivitis were in the first wave of COVID-19 and approximately 56% of patients infected with conjunctivitis were found in the second wave, respectively. About 18% of patients from the first wave and 39% of patients from the second wave with moderate severity required oxygen support. The fluorescein staining, as well as congestion, showed no significant difference in the number of patients between both waves.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that both the waves only reported dryness and no clinical signs of conjunctivitis. The present study concludes that increased oxygenation support may act as one of the contributing factor for increased dryness and thereby may lead to various ocular infections.
Efficacy of urine reagent strips for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cellularity and biochemical parameters
Authors: Singh Nikita , Suresh Kumar Sutrakar  , Uday Raj Singh  , Tripathi Lokesh
Published: September 2022

Background: Meningitis is a severe infection affecting the central nervous system requiring early management to prevent debilitating consequences and death. Detection of meningitis can be done by the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cellularity and biochemistry (glucose and protein concentration). Urine reagent strips can be used to assess these variables and reach to the diagnosis of meningitis early, thereby, reducing the delay in the initiation of its treatment.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the efficacy of urine reagent strips for the analysis of CSF.
Materials and Methods: The current prospective study was done in a tertiary care center in Rewa, M.P., on 100 cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) samples obtained from the children suspected of meningitis, which were, then, analyzed by both the conventional methods of CSF analysis (including routine biochemical and microscopic analysis) the index test, utilizing the Combur-10 urine reagent strips for the estimation of CSF cell, protein, and glucose. These results were, then, correlated to calculate the diagnostic utility of urine reagent strips for the rapid diagnosis of meningitis.
Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of urine reagent strips for the detection of cell count >10/cumm were 81.81%, 98.21%, and 91%, respectively, and 78.57%, 81.25%, and 79% for detection of protein >30 mg/dL. Reagent strips showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96.85% and 79.41% for the detection of glucose levels <50 mg/dL. The two methods showed an almost perfect degree of agreement for the detection of leucocytes with Cohen’s kappa value of 0.86.
Conclusion: Reagent strips can be a helpful bedside screening test for the detection of meningitis and also in resource-limited settings.
To study the effect of oral supplementation Vitamin D during pregnancy and status of cord blood
Authors: Sravanthi Veldanadi  , Kavitha Vislavath  , Archana Challa  , Praveen Dussa  , Vasudeva Murali
Published: September 2022

Background: In many nations, low Vitamin D levels in pregnant women have been associated to adverse outcomes for the mother, her baby, and the birth itself.
Aims and Objectives: To study the effect of oral supplementation of mothers with high dose vitamin D (2000IU/day) in comparison with maintenance dose (400IU/day) during pregnancy on vitamin D status of cord blood at the time of delivery.
Materials and Methods: Randomized single blind controlled trial conducted in 112 mothers recruited in first trimester, randomized into two groups. One group of mothers received 2000 IU/day, one group 400 IU/day till delivery. Mothers are followed up till delivery age, weight, height, and dressing.
Results: Vitamin D levels in mothers in study group were showing 88% insufficiency (<20 ng/ml) and 12% sufficiency (>20 ng/ml). Mean values in both groups that is Group A 6.6±2.8, in Group B 6.2±2.2, both means are comparable with P=0.47, but after supplementation mean maternal Vitamin D level that is 13.4±3.6, with P≤0.0001, this shows that there is a statistically significant. There is a statistically significant correlation is observed between maternal and cord blood Vitamin D levels after supplementation. Statistically significant correlation was observed between maternal and cord blood Vitamin D levels.
Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation throughout pregnancy enhances maternal serum and Vitamin D levels at term, according to this study. There is currently sufficient high-quality evidence pertaining to the therapeutic effects of Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy.
Study to determine prevalence of poor sleep quality and its correlation with sleep hygiene practices among medical students
Authors: Massarat Begum  , Dimple Siri Chandana Puchakayala
Published: September 2022

Background: Sleep is essential to optimize physical, emotional, and cognitive functioning of the body. Sleep quality is a critical dimension of both physical and mental health. Poor sleep quality among medical students may have both academic and health consequences.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess the subjective sleep quality and determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students. The study also aimed to evaluate their sleep hygiene practices and determine its correlation with sleep quality.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 120 medical students after receiving Institutional Ethical Committee approval and informed consent from participants. They were subjected to self-administered questionnaires to document socio-demographic details and to assess sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep hygiene practices using Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). The data were subjected to statistical analysis.
Results: The study showed that the prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students was 49.16%. The mean±SD global score of PQSI was 5.5±2.3. Chi-square test showed that there was no statistically significant difference in sleep quality between males and females. Ninety (75%) students had higher values of SHI (>16). Pearson’s correlation showed the positive correlation between higher global scores of PSQI with higher SHI scores to be statistically significant (P<0.01).
Conclusion: There is prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students, which is significantly associated with inadequate sleep hygiene. This needs to be addressed by promoting optimal sleep hygiene practices.
Study of role of low molecular weight heparin in conjunction with conventional therapy in severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Rojaramani Kumbha  , Sobharani Bathena  , Hari Babu Mekala Anand  , Venkat Vineeth Amavasya
Published: September 2022

Background: Acute pancreatitis is a disease which has many etiologies. Each etiology seems to affect the pancreatic acinar cell in some way that results in premature activation and retention of potent proteolytic enzymes. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is known to reduce the release the cytokines and inflammatory mediators and result in the improvement of microcirculation of pancreas.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of LMWH therapy in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).
Materials and Methods: Our research comprised of 100 patients who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: Conventional treatment for SAP (n=50) or conventional therapy +LMWH (n=50). All the data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software 15.0.
Results: In both groups, the death rate was 2%, and 49 patients in each group were cured of their disease after therapy. The minimum hospital stay in the heparin group is 5 days, while the highest hospital stay is 17 days. In the conventional group, the minimum hospital stay is 4 days, and the maximum hospital stay is 21 days.
Conclusion: For the treatment of SAP, LMWH is a straightforward, safe, effective, and cost- efficient technique. It is suitable for usage in any hospital. There was no significant improvement in the impact of traditional SAP therapy with LMWH, nor was there any reduction in SAP mortality. Renal problems were more prevalent among the patients than sepsis-related complications among the conventional group. It was, however, statistically insignificant.
Comparative evaluation of anesthetic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of intrathecal isobaric bupivacaine versus intrathecal isobaric levobupivacaine in the lower abdominal and lower limb surgeries
Authors: Chinthavali Sujatha  , Chandraleela Sundararajan  , Arthi Asokan
Published: September 2022

Background: The most frequently utilized approach in patients undergoing lower abdominal and lower limb procedures is spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine.
Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to compare the anesthetic efficacy and hemodynamic effects of isobaric bupivacaine and isobaric levobupivacaine for spinal anesthesia.
Materials and Methods: In our study, 80 patients (43 – male and 37 – female) between the ages of 18 and 70 years at Sri Venkateswaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Ariyur, Puducherry, were enrolled and split into Group I and Group II following approval by an ethical committee and written informed consent. Individuals in Group I were given 3 mL of preservative free 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine (Anawin™, bupivacaine hydrochloride, Neon laboratories, India), and Group II patients were given 3 mL of 0.5% isobaric levobupivacaine (Levoanawin™, levobupivacaine hydrochloride, Neon laboratories, India) for spinal anesthesia. A complete preanesthetic checkup was performed the day before surgery.
Results: In this study, we observed no significant correlation between height, weight, and surgery duration. We discovered a statistically substantial distinction in motor and sensory blockade between the bupivacaine (Group I) and levobupivacaine (Group II) groups. In this study, Group I (50% of patients) had a lower occurrence of hypotension than Group II (20% of patients), indicating a statistically significant variation between the groups.
Conclusion: When compared to levobupivacaine, individuals in the bupivacaine group required more administration of the vasoactive medicine ephedrine and the sympathomimetic drug atropine. Levobupivacaine is less cardiotoxic, neurotoxic, and equally potent local anesthetic compared to its racemate.
A PREDICITON MODEL BASED ON STUDENTS’S BEHAVIOR IN E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS USING DATA MINING TECHNIQUES
Authors: Adnan Alnawas Anwar , Al-Jawad Mohammed , Alharbi Hasanein
Published: September 2022

E-Learning has become an essential teaching approach during the COVID-19 pandemic. All over the world, various internet-based learning management systems (Google classroom, Moodle, etc.) were adopted to convey knowledge and enhance learning outcomes. However, measuring learning outcomes and knowledge acquisition in E-Learning environment is a controversial issue. To this end, this paper aims to predict learning outcomes using data mining techniques.  Student data are collected and analyzed to construct the prediction model. The collected data covered students from various undergraduate studies. Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining is used as a research model. The obtained result shows the significant of some attributes in predicting learning outcomes. Four correlation-based attributes selection schemas are applied. The selected attributes are examined using four data mining algorithms: random forest, k-nearest neighbors, Decision Tree, and neural network. The overall performance of the constructed mining models is evaluated using various performance measures: Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score are calculated. Overall, an 86% accuracy is secured.
CLUSTERING SURGEMES USING PROTOTYPES FROM ROBOTIC KINEMATIC INFORMATION
Authors: Albasri Safaa , Omar Ibrahim  , Mihail Popescu  , James Keller
Published: September 2022

Training a surgeon to be skilled and competent to perform a given surgical procedure is essential in providing a high quality of care and reducing the risk of complications. However, existing training techniques limit us from conducting in-depth analyses of surgical motions to evaluate these skills accurately. We develop a method to identify the gestures by applying unsupervised methods to cluster the surgical activities learned directly from raw kinematic data. We design an unsupervised method to determine the surgical motions in a Suturing procedure based on predefined surgical gestures. The first step is to find the prototypes by clustering the surgemes of the expert surgeon from all the same expert trials. Then, we map the other surgeons surgemes to the nearest representative of the prototypes and report the clustering accuracy by employing the rand index technique. We utilize four techniques in our proposed unsupervised approach for gesture clustering based on Hierarchical and FCM algorithms. In addition, we highlight the advantages of representing time series data before clustering in terms of computation time saving and system complexity reduction, respectively.
A FRACTAL MINKOWSKI DESIGN FOR MICROWAVE SENSING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Ismael Anwer Ali , Hassain Zaid A. Abdul , Elwi Taha A.
Published: September 2022

This work describes a low-cost, extremely sensitive microwave sensor that may be used to distinguish between different liquid samples by measuring the variation in S21 magnitude. An interdigital capacitor (IDC) in series with a circular spiral inductor (CSI) and linked directly to a light dependent resistor (LDR) is used to do this and been installed minkowski farctal on end both stub. The suggested sensor operates at a frequency of 1.47 GHz. Using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave studio, the impacts of modifying the proposed LDR's value are evaluated parametrically. However, When the LDR value changes in relation to the light of incidence, a considerable change in the resonance band is observed. Many recent wireless technologies that use optical-based interface systems have found that such technology is an excellent candidate. The same model is developed for validation using a High-Frequency Simulator Structure (HFSS). The suggested sensor is built on an FR4 substrate with a 40×60 mm2 surface area. As a ground plane, a copper layer is applied to the rear panel. The results obtained by the two software systems are in perfect agreement.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PD/ZNO BASED FLEXIBLE UV MSM PHOTODETECTORS
Authors: R. Sabity Mowj , M. Ali Ghusoon
Published: September 2022

Flexible electronics and optoelectronics devices attract further attention in recent years. In this paper, we present the fabrication and photodetection properties of a flexible metal-semiconductor-metal UV photodetector based on a thin ZnO film with Pd Schottky electrodes. The active ZnO layer was created using a hydrothermal method on ITO/PET flexible substrates. Palladium employed as back-to-back Schottky contacts. Metal masks are designed and used to deposit palladium via thermal evaporation. To demonstrate the impact of ZnO on flexible substrates, the structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of the produced films were examined and assessed. I-V characteristics under dark and illumination conditions for a device were measured using a voltage range of -2.8 V to 2.8 V. The measured data were used to calculate device parameters and photodetection properties. Such as ideality factor, barrier height, saturation current, detectivity, responsivity, contrast-ratio, and efficiency. The proposed device exhibited a gain (efficiency of 200%} caused by trapping hole carrier at the ZnO-Pd interface.
MITIGASI RISIKO K3 PADA PEKERJAAN PEMELIHARAAN DAN PERBAIKAN DI AREA KAMAR MESIN KAPAL GENERAL CARGO MENGGUNAKAN METODE FAILURE MODE AND EFFECT ANALYSIS
Authors: Pratama Ramadhan , Basuki Minto
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melaukan identifikasi faktor bahaya atau potensi bahaya, melakukan penilaian risiko, dan melakukan tindakan usulan mitigasi risiko yang berfokus pada pekerjaan pemeliharaan dan perbaikan di area kamar mesin kapal general cargo. Pengumpulan data di dapatkan melalui proses survey, wawancara dan dokumentasi di galangan kapal PT. Tambangan Raya Permai Surabaya. Analisis data menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Hasil penelitian di dapatkan 6 komponen teridentifikasi berpotensi bahaya dan berisiko meliputi (Mesin induk, mesin bantu, pompa general system, sistem got kamar mesin, tangga kamar mesin, dan lantai kamar mesin). Kemudian hasil analisis data FMEA didapatkan nilai Risk Priority Number (RPN) tertinggi terdapat pada 2 komponen yaitu (Mesin induk dan sistem got kamar mesin). Dari kedua komponen tersebut, potensi bahaya berada pada 4 kegiatan kerja diantaranya pada Proses pembersihan tangki-tangki sistem got kamar mesin, Proses lepas dan pasang metal duduk baru (ME) dengan alat manual, Proses lepas piston (ME) dengan chain block, dan Proses lepas cylinder liner (ME) dengan chain block. Mitigasi risiko yang diusulkan yaitu penggunaan APD secara lengkap sesuai standar perlu ditaati dan lakukan pengecekan atau perawatan alat sebelum digunakan untuk memastikan kelayakannya. Tindakan ini diharapkan untuk menciptakan iklim kesadaran diri, bekerja aman, selamat, efektif dan efisien, demi kebaikan bersama.
ANALISA PENGARUH ROOT GAP TERHADAP PENGUJIAN TARIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PENGELASAN FCAW POSISI 3G PADA MATERIAL BAJA SS 400
Authors: ARIF NUZULUL , Pranatal Erifive
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh root gap terhadap pengujian tarik (Tensile Test) pada material baja SS 400 dengan ketebalan 10 mm dan 12 mm menggunakan metode pengelasan FCAW (Flux Core Arc Welding) pada posisi 3G Vertical up tanpa backing ceramic. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif, kemudian standar yang digunakan dalam pengujian yaitu ASME section IX (2019). Hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan pada spesimen dengan ketebalan 10 mm, didapatkan nilai tertinggi pada variasi root gap 2 mm dengan nilai YS (Yield Strenght) sebesar : 242,07 MPa, dan nilai aktual / nilai akhir sebesar : 315,33 MPa. Kemudian pada spesimen dengan ketebalan 12 mm, didapatkan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada variasi 3 mm dengan nilai YS (Yield Strenght) sebesar: 296,57 MPa, dan nilai aktual / nilai akhir sebesar: 464,17 MPa.
INDIKASI POTENSI SKANDIUM DI ZONA LIMONIT BLOK TAPUNOPAKA, KONAWE UTARA, SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: PASKARINO YOSEPH HERWINDO , - Sutarto - , Soesilo Joko - , Sutopo Bronto -
Published: September 2022

Skandium di dalam 27,22 juta ton sumberdaya terukur limonit di Blok Tapunopaka dengan kadar rata-rata 91,21 ppm atau setara dengan 2.482 ton skandium, yang masih terus bertambah seiring kegiatan eksplorasi yang terus berjalan, merupakan indikasi potensi yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan secara ekonomis. Salah satu strategi pengembangannya adalah dengan mengetahui evolusi dan faktor-faktor pengontrol pengkayaannya untuk memastikan arah pendetilan data dalam penyusunan prioritas konservasi cadangan limonit mengandung skandium. Penelitian skandium dilakukan pada zona limonit dan batuan asal dari 200 data ICP OES daerah Konawe Utara termasuk 74 data dari Blok Tapunopaka, 8 data hasil petrografi batuan asal, dan 4 data hasil analisis XRD batuan asal.Batuan asal dari limonit mengnadung skandium adalah harsburgit dan klinopiroksenit. Kandungan skandium dalam batuan asal sangat menentukan kandungan skandium di zona limonit Skandium di zona limonit berkorelasi positif dengan alumunium dengan R2=0,6817, menunjukkan bahwa skandium hadir bersama dan evolusi skandium dipengaruhi oleh alumunium. Dengan tidak ditemukannya batuan basa yang kaya alumunium sebagai batuan asal dan teridentifikasinya lizardit ((Mg,Al)3((Si,Fe)2O5)(OH)4 sebagai mineral yang mengandung alumunium pada harsburgit dan klinopiroksenit maka lizardit diduga kuat sebagai mineral pembawa skandium
Geologi dan Analisis Mikrofasies dalam Penentuan Lingkungan Pengendapan Batugamping Formasi Kalipucang Daerah Urug, Kecamatan Jatiwaras, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Maulidita Alisha , Mayasari Elisabet Dwi , Hastuti Endang Wiwik Dyah
Published: September 2022

Formasi Kalipucang sebagai kelompok batuan karbonatan yang terdiri dari satuan batugamping terumbu dan batugamping klastik berumur Miosen Tengah dijumpai pada daerah penelitian. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Urug dan sekitarnya, Kecamatan Jatiwaras, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis fasies serta menentukan lingkungan pengendapan batugamping pada daerah penelitian. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pemetaan geologi yang meliputi pengamatan singkapan, pengukuran, dan pengambilan pemerconto batuan yang selanjutnya akan melalui tahap analisis laboratorium berupa analisis petrografi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pada 8 (delapan) sampel batugamping, maka diperoleh 3 (tiga) fasies yang meliputi wackestone or floatstone which whole fossils, bioclastic packstone or wackstone with worn skeletal grain, dan grainstone or packstone with abundant foram. Mengacu pada model fasies oleh Wilson [16], daerah penelitian terendapkan pada Platform Interior – Open Marine (FZ 7) dan Platform Interior – Restricted (FZ 8).
ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG PADA BUKIT DAERAH MLAKON, SAMBIREJO, PRAMBANAN, SLEMAN, DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA MENGGUNAKAN METODE BISHOP
Authors: Sakti Heza Putra Maulana Aji , Ma’ruf Abdullah Khafid , Arhananta Arhananta , Hisan Nazwa Khoiratun , Karlina Nur Alif Yusuf Putra
Published: September 2022

Prambanan merupakan salah satu kawasan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta yang saat ini cukup banyak penduduknya. Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan juga kawasan Prambanan merupakan kawasan Wisata, pasti kedepannya akan banyak kegiatan pembangunan sarana prasarana dan juga rumah hunian warga. Sebelum dilakukannya pembangunan, alangkah baiknya untuk mengetahui keamanan dan kestabilan tanah atau lereng di daerah tersebut untuk mengurangi resiko. Data lapangan yang didapat diolah menggunakan Software Slide Rockscience 6.0. untuk mengetahui nilai faktor keamanan. Geologi pada daerah Mlakon, Sambirejo, Prambanan, Sleman, DIY terdiri dari Formasi Semilir yang dicirikan dengan satuan lapili dan tuf. Geomorfologi daerah penelitian terdiri dari bentuk lahan gawir, bentuklahan bukit sisa, perbukitan terkikis, dataran alluvial, dataran limpah banjir, dan tubuh sungai. Struktur yang berkembang di lokasi pengamatan mekanika tanah tidak berkembang dengan baik, sedangkan di lokasi pengamatan mekanika batuan berkembang kekar gerus berpasangan dengan arah orientasi relatif N-S, W-E, dan NW-SE. Karakteristik tanah pada lokasi pengamatan mekanika tanah cukup lembab sehingga pengambilan sampel cukup susah. Karakteristik batuan di lokasi pengamatan mekanika batuan terdiri dari batuan gunungapi berupa lapilli dan di beberapa bagian sudah lapuk. Hasil dari analisa mekanika tanah menggunakan metode bishop menghasilkan nilai FK 1,25 yang berarti lereng stabil. Hasil analisa mekanika batuan menggunakan metode bishop menghasilkan FK  1,25 yang berarti lereng labil atau biasa terjadi longsor.
SESAR NAIK KALITENGAH SEBAGAI PENGONTROL NAIKNYA BATUAN BERUMUR PRA-TERSIER DAN TERSIER DI DAERAH KALITENGAH, BANJARNEGARA, JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Sunan Huzaely Latief
Published: September 2022

Pulau Jawa secara tatanan tektonik merupakan zona subduksi antara lempeng Indo-Australia dengan Eurasia. Aktivitas subduksi menghasilkan struktur geologi salah satunya sesar naik yang dapat mengangkat batuan tua ke permukaan,  sebagai contoh batuan berumur Pra-Tersier dan Tersier. Penyebab terangkatnya batuan berumur Pra-Tersier dan Tersier menarik untuk diteliti. Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui penyebab terangkatnya batuan berumur Pra-Tersier dan Tersier ke permukaan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu pemetaan geologi dan analisis struktur geologi. Pemetaan geologi berupa pemetaan sebaran batuan dan pengukuran unsur struktur geologi. Analisis struktur geologi dengan melakukan rekonstruksi penampang sayatan geologi dan analisis stereografis. Analisis  data struktur geologi membuktikan adanya Sesar Naik Kalitengah dengan kedudukan N304°E/58° NE  Pitch 75° ke arah SW dan struktur Lipatan Donorejo yang memiliki kedudukan axial plane N282°E/78°NE berarah Barat-Timur. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan terangkatnya batuan berumur Pra-Tersier dan Tersier dikontrol oleh kehadiran sesar naik Kalitengah yang merupakan hasil aktivitas dari subduksi di Selatan Pulau Jawa dengan gaya utama berarah Utara-Selatan.
STUDI LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN FORMASI JATEN PADA FORMASI JATEN DAERAH PANDEAN, DONGKO, KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK, JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Prabowo Elian Mukti , Lestari Dhea Puja , Arhananta Arhananta , Sakti Heza Putra Maulana Aji , Ma’ruf Abdullah Khafid
Published: September 2022

Geologi zona Pegunungan Selatan telah banyak dipelajari secara sistematik dan luas. Namun pemahaman mengenai geologi Jawa terkhusus pada Zona Pegunungan Selatan masih terbatas. Penelitian mengenai stratigrafi di Trenggalek dalam kurun waktu 1992-2022 belum ada yang membahas mengenai lingkungan pengendapan dari formasi Jaten. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kecamatan Dongko yang meliputi Desa Cakul, Desa Petung, Desa Salamwates dan Desa Pandean, yang berada di Kabupaten Trenggalek, Provinsi Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian terdiri dari pengambilan data di lapangan dan analisis laboratorium untuk mengetahui zona bathymetry dan lingkungan pengendapan pada daerah penelitian. Berdasarkan hasil analisa profil dan mikropaleontologi, lingkungan pengendapan formasi Jaten pada daerah penelitian adalah tidal flat dan termasuk dalam zona bathymetry neritic tepi.
Literatur Review Optimasi Jarak Lubang Bor dengan Metode Drill Hole Spacing Analysis (DHSA) dan Metode Drill Hole Spacing Optimization with Conditional Simulations
Authors: Wulandari Septi
Published: September 2022

Kegiatan eksplorasi merupakan kegiatan yang pasti dilakukan sebelum aktivitas penambangan dimulai. Pada tahap ini dilakukan pengeboran yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data yang akan digunakan dalam klasifikasi sumberdaya dan cadangan. Pengeboran membutuhkan biaya tinggi yang harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan untuk mendapatkan tingkat keyakinan yang tinggi sebelum melanjutkan ke tahapan selanjutnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui metode dalam menentukan jarak bor optimum, sehingga diperoleh tingkat keyakinan tinggi dalam estimasi dan klasifikasi sumberdaya dengan biaya yang efisien berdasarkan studi literatur dari penelitian yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah terdapat dua metode dalam analisis jarak lubang bor yaitu (a) Drill Hole Spacing Analysis (DHSA) dan (b) Drill hole spacing optimization with conditional simulation. DHSA diperhitungkan dengan metode Global Estimation Variance atau GEV, sedangkan metode conditional simulation dengan dua pendekatan utama yaitu Turning Bands Metode (TBM) dan Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS).