bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The export and domestic sales of the Hungarian organic food
Authors: GYARMATI Gábor
Published: November 2024

The function of the organic production has been inreasing in the EU and in Hungary. The Hungarian organic products are mainly exported and the rest of them are sold in the domestic market. 70–90% of the all production certified was exported. The main products are autumn wheat, sunflower, maize, cattle and sheep. The production amount reached 71,714 tons in 2001. The main countries of the Hungarian export are: Germany, Switzerland, Austria. The forming of domestic market is necessary and expected in future.
A comparison and development of morphometric characteristics of stallions and mares on the Lipizzaner stud of Đakovo
Authors: RASTIJA Tomo , BABAN Mirjana , ANTUNOVIĆ Zvonko , MANDIĆ Ivica
Published: November 2024

The research was conducted on 20 stallions and 20 mares of the Lipizzaner breed in the Stud of Đakovo. Fiften physical measures of stallions and mares were taken. The research results show a larger physical range of the Đakovo Lipizzaner breed in comparison with the same breed in Slovenia and Austria because of occassional blood refreshing with stallions from Hungary and Romania. According to the conducted research, the stallions had significantly and highly significantly larger physical measures except the body length and the chest girth, where the mares had a slightly bigger dimension.
Influence of acorn intake on blood lipid profile and longisimus muscle characteristics of Black Slavonian pig
Authors: SALAJPAL Krešimir , KAROLYI Danijel , ĐIKIĆ Marija , KANTURA Vesna , KIŠ Goran , SINJERI Željko
Published: November 2024

The beneficial effect of acorn on blood lipid level could be linked with presence of both high tannin content (70.10 g/kg DM) and high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (more than 80%) such as linoleic (43.38%), oleic (30.52%) and alpha linolenic (4.58%) acid. In this study the influence of ad libitum acorn intake on blood lipid profile and longissimus muscle (MLD) composition of Black Slavonian pig were investigated and compared with the effects of commercial corn based diet. Acorn consumption in last three weeks of fattening period had a decreasing effect on triglyceride and total cholesterol concentration in blood without adverse effect on liver function. Compared with the intake of corn based diet, the intake of acorn resulted in 11% (0.22 mmol/l) lower total cholesterol (P < 0.05) concentration and 48% lower (0.20 mmol/l) triglycerides concentration (P < 0.01). In addition, there was no observed statistically significant differences (P > 0.05) among finishing diets for any histochemical characteristics, except for diameter of intermediate fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) fiber types (58.10 μm and 51.67 μm in acorn and corn based fed pigs, respectively; P < 0.01). The trend toward lower proportion (10.80 vs. 12.36%) and smaller diameter (59.36 vs. 64.57%) of red slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fiber types (P < 0.08) was observed in acorn than in corn-based fed pigs.
Comparison of yields and nutritive value of different spring green forage mixtures
Authors: HOFFMANN Richárd , FÁBIÁN Tamás , DÉR Ferenc
Published: November 2024

To achieve a more efficient system of green feeding it is necessary to introduce new field cropping species in ruminant nutrition as green forage is which nutritional value has not been exactly evaluated yet. In our researches we analysed the yields and nutritive value of different spring green forage mixtures. We concluded that green forage mixtures gave more green and crude protein yield than the average of the components, and the nutritive value of the mixtures was better than the components’ nutritive value. In the average of three years, the dry matter content in the mixtures was similar to each other at the start of flowering. In our research the measured dry matter content in mixtures was higher than pea mixed with sunflower from literature and pea mixed with oat. The difference between vetch mixed with oat and the analyzed pea and barley mixture was 29 g/kg. Pea can give almost the same crude protein yield level than pea with oat and pea with spring barley. Based on achieved results it can be concluded that pea was a reliable component with barley and oat even in extreme weather conditions and in spring mixtures with barley or oat, the vegetative types of pea are recommended as leguminous component instead of using the “traditional” vetches, with special regard to the crude protein content.
The effect of carcass temperature and treatment on the computer tomograph based tissue separation
Authors: SZABÓ Csaba , BABINSZKY László
Published: November 2024

Computer tomography (CT) is a tool used to determine body composition in live animals. However, only at limited numbers of institutions CT is available for animal investigations. Long distance transport may alter the body composition of animals. Therefore, scanning carcasses (chilled, frozen or thawed) could be the solution to extend the possibilities. In two experiments, pigs (at 60 and 105 kg live weight in exp. 1 and exp 2 resp., n = 10 and n = 12 resp., equal ratios of barrows and gilts) were CT scanned, first alive in the evening. Next day pigs were slaughtered and left carcasses were kept at + 4 °C for 36 hours. After CT scanning, the chilled carcasses were put into a freezer for 48 hours, where the ultimate temperature was – 12 °C. Carcasses were CT scanned and put back into the cooling room at + 4 °C for 48 hours to thaw gently for the final CT scanning. Our results indicate that both the tissue position in the body and the temperature affect the Hu (Hounsfield unit) value of muscle and fatty tissue. However, in the case of frozen tissues it is not systematic. The CT is applicable for the detection in changes of fatty tissue volume at any stage of carcass (r = 0.95–0.99). In the case of muscle, the correlation as high as 0.90–0.98 with live measurements was found, while in frozen carcasses just r = 0.10 was achieved for Hu value of weighed muscle volume. The results show that chilled or thawed carcasses can be used for CT based tissue separation without losing information. This could extend the number of potential users of computer tomography.
Comparison of calculation methods of daily milk yield, fat and protein contents from AM/PM milkings
Authors: JENKO Janez , PERPAR Tomaž , LOGAR Betka , VERBIČ Jože , KOVAČ Milena
Published: November 2024

For prediction of daily milk yield (DMY), daily fat percentage (DFP), and daily protein percentage (DPP) from alternate AM/PM recording scheme, three different methods were tested. The data comprised information on 483 813 test-day records. Methods were compared on the whole data set or just on the upper or the lower quartile of the records according to DMY, DFP, DPP, and milking interval (MI). Method 1 included DMY, DFP or DPP as a dependent variable in regression analysis. In Method 2 ratio of partial AM/PM to daily yield was included as a dependent variable, whereas Method 3 is based on doubling milk yield from AM/PM milking while DFP and DPP are expected to be the same as the AM or PM milking. The bias on the whole data set was low. With respect to high DMY, DFP, and DPP on the upper quartile of data set bias in underestimation of records was noticed for Method 1 whereas with this method, data from the lower quartile of data set were overestimated. With respect to the short MI on the average DMY was underestimated whereas DFP and DPP were overestimated with Method 3. DMY with long MI were overestimated on the average with Method 3 while DFP and DPP were underestimated. That kind of bias was not detected with Method 2.
Genetically modified soybean in the feeding of cattles in South-Transdanubian region
Authors: LAKI LUKÁCS Andrea , BERKE Szilárd , MÁTHÉ Attila
Published: November 2024

Though in Hungary the cropping of genetically modified (GM) plants is not allowed the processed products containing them are already present in the country. The scheme is shown in the article through a case study. As much as 20 dairy farm managers from the region were asked and the data obtained show that in cattle feeding GM soy is widely used because this is the only forage that can be purchased at a reasonable price. As an alternative the promotion and propagation of using non-GM protein crop can be enlisted representing a comparative advantage on European markets.
Livestock production as a technological and social challenge – Emphasis on sustainability and precision nutrition
Authors: SZABÓ Csaba , HALAS Veronika
Published: November 2024

Feeding the world’s growing population is one of the biggest challenges in the 21st century. As our natural resources are depleting and our nature changing due to the human activity – sustainability is an emerging issue. In short sustainable agriculture means a system which preserves the basis of life of future generations. In the case of animal production this includes the following key areas: providing sustainable feed base, reducing environmental impact, feed and food safety and sustainable intensification. Animal production systems can be intensified throughout the application of precision livestock farming (PLF) systems. As the majority of production expenses related to feed, precision nutrition is a key component in PLF systems. Precision nutrition includes the following principles: use of precise nutrient requirement matrix, use of precise ingredient matrix, proper use of modifiers and feed processing technologies and adjustment of nutrient supply to match requirements of livestock. The aim of this paper is to highlight the current standing and future perspectives of sustainable animal production and precision nutrition.
Effects of low protein diets on lean genotype pigs – growth, feed/ N-intake and fat indicators
Authors: BÜNGER Lutz , LAMBE Nicola , McLEAN Kirsty , CESARO Giacomo , WALLING Grant , WHITNEY Helen , JAGGER Steven , FULLARTON Peter , PENLINGTON Nigel , MALTIN Charlotte , BAYNTUN Jackie , WOOD Jeff
Published: November 2024

The EU nitrate directive and the increasing cost of protein sources are leading farmers to reduce the nitrogen content in livestock feed. UK pig production often employs high protein ration to ensure high growth rate and low fat deposition. The aim was to compare the performances of pigs of a lean genotype fed with a conventional (C) or 2 low protein (LP) diets, lysine supplemented (LP1) or not (LP2). 64 animals on each diet were reared from 40 to 115 kg and fed ad-libitum. Liveweights (LW) and feed intake (FI) were recorded and after slaughter backfat (P2 site) thickness was measured and samples of longissimus muscle were analysed for total fatty acids. Pen-based data were analysed examining diet and batch as main factors. There were no significant diet effects on FI. Pigs on LP2 had a lower average daily weight gain (ADG) and higher feed conversion ratio (FCR) than C or LP1 from 60 kg onwards. Between diet strategies there were no significant differences in backfat thickness, but body fat deposition was higher in the LP2 group, followed by the LP1, and C the lowest. Results confirm that the LP1 strategy allows growth performance similar to the C diet but with 11% higher intramuscular fat (IMF). Pigs on LP2 diet show an increased body fat and IMF, although subcutaneous fat thickness was little affected. LP1 results indicate that reduced nitrogen intake (C vs. LP1 by 11 to 15%) can be achieved without compromising the growth performance, however feed conversion is significantly poorer (−6%) compared to the C diet probably due to amino acids (AA) deficiencies.
Study of milk coagulation properties in multibreed Italian dairy herds
Authors: STURARO Alba , TIEZZI Francesco , PENASA Mauro , DE MARCHI Massimo , CASSANDRO Martino
Published: November 2024

The Italian dairy industry is making notable efforts to improve milk coagulation properties (MCP), as they affect the efficiency of cheese-making process. Individual milk samples (n = 8,525) of 3,057 Holstein-Friesian (HF), Brown Swiss (BS), and Simmental (SI) cows from 39 multibreed herds of Veneto region (northeast Italy) were collected from September 2011 to February 2012, and evaluated for quality traits and MCP predicted by mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS). Daily milk yield for each cow was also available. Milk coagulation properties were rennet coagulation time (RCT, min) and curd firmness (a30, mm). Data were analyzed through a generalized linear mixed model including the fixed effects of month of sampling, parity, days in milk (DIM), herd, breed, and interactions between parity and breed, and DIM and breed. The random effects were cow nested within breed and residual. Breed and DIM were the most important sources of variation for MCP (P < 0.001). Milk from BS cows showed the shortest RCT (19.1 min) and the highest a30 (26.8 mm), whereas milk from HF cows had the worst MCP, with values of 21.0 min for RCT and 20.8 mm for a30. Days in milk, breed, month of sampling, and herd effects were highly significant (P < 0.001) for all studied traits. Results from this study indicate that, under similar environmental and management conditions, the HF exhibits less favourable technological properties of milk than BS and SI breeds.
System dynamics modelling approach to determine sustainable stocking rate for a sheep population in the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: GEBRE Kahsa Tadel , WURZINGER Maria , GIZAW Solomon , HAILE Aynalem , RISCHKOWSKY Barbara , SÖLKNER Johann
Published: November 2024

A system dynamics approach was used to determine the sustainable stocking rate of the Menz sheep population in the Ethiopian highland. A model was developed to simulate stocking rate based on communal grazing land. The model is weather and resource (feed supply) driven. Pasture growth and dynamics was modeled using rainfall and temperature data. Herd dynamics was based on age groups of male and female animals from birth to herd exit, taking production and reproduction parameters into account. To simulate sustainable stocking rate, a common unit (Tropical Livestock Unit, TLU) was used to represent the various classes of sheep. A higher stocking rate was observed in the long rainy season when the green pasture supply is higher. However, stocking rate was decreased with decrease in green and dry standing pasture in the long and short dry seasons. Application of the sustainable stocking rate in reality can be challenging since farmers keep large flocks and the pasture land is owned by groups of farmers. More awareness creation, including practical show-cases of the benefits of variation of stocking rate based on available resources, is needed to convince farmers in this and many other regions of Ethiopia.
The effect of inbreeding on melanoma and vitiligo occurrence in Old Kladruber grey horses
Authors: HOFMANOVÁ Barbora , VOSTRÁ-VYDROVÁ Hana , MAJZLÍK Ivan , VOSTRÝ Luboš
Published: November 2024

The relationship between inbreeding and melanoma status (graded from 0 to 4) and vitiligo depigmentation (graded from 0 to 3) was analysed by regression model. The study includes 376 animals of both sexes at the age of 1–25 years. The evaluation of horses was performed repeatedly during 4 consecutive years. Melanoma and vitiligo were detected visually and by palpation. The average inbreeding coefficient (FX) calculated from 33 generations of ancestors reached 13 %. Individual inbreeding generally had a significantly negative impact on melanoma and vitiligo in back body parts and non-significant effect on vitiligo in head part. In general, inbreeding appears to be a factor that potentially influences the expression of melanoma and vitiligo in Old Kladruber horses.
Testimony, Lying and Calumny at the Interface of Islamic Law and Arabic Poetry
Authors: Szombathy Zoltan
Published: November 2024

The significance of the concept of ‘testimony’ permeates Islamic jurisprudence and it is invoked in Arabic literary texts as well. Truthfulness and lying (kaḏib) were a preoccupation of many Arabic literary critics and authors in assessing literary works, while the notion of ‘testimony’ could be used figuratively in poetic texts. On the other hand, Islamic law emphasises the crucial role of trustworthy testimony in legal proceedings and has developed a sophisticated system of ascertaining the integrity of witnesses. Within this context Muslim jurists sometimes explicitly discuss poets and poetry, not surprisingly in view of the fact that the Quran characterises poets as mendacious, and some ḥadīṯs also denounce poetry. Certain literary genres in particular (especially hiğāʾ and ġazal) could be interpreted by jurists as cases of calumny that substantiate legal charges of false testimony (qaḏf). Offering a copious source of intertextual references at the interface of law and literature, legal discussions of the problem of potential qaḏf in poetry are the focus of this paper and can help clarify the peculiar ways in which premodern Muslim jurists would view and assess literary texts.
General Remarks on Plagiarism and Authorship in Islamic Religious Texts and the Case of The Special Qualities of Friday by Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī (d. 965/1558)
Authors: Stewart Devin J.
Published: November 2024

In medieval and pre-modern Arabic and Islamic letters there was a distinct divide between the issue of plagiarism in poetry, which was widely and thoroughly discussed in literary criticism and became the topic of standard chapters and focused treatises, and general plagiarism, which involved the appropriation of entire books and treatises in various disciplines. The latter phenomenon, though well-known and mentioned sporadically in scholarly discourse, was not the focus of a tradition of theoretical discussion. This essay discusses unacknowledged citation in Arabic and Islamic letters generally and then examines one example in detail, the treatise Ḫaṣāʾiṣ yawm al-ǧumʿa “The Special Qualities of Friday”, which the Shiite scholar Zayn al-Dīn al-ʿĀmilī (d. 965/1558) based closely on Nūr al-lumʿa fī ḫaṣāʾiṣ yawm al-ǧumʿa “The Gleaming Light, on the Special Qualities of Friday”, by the famous Sunni polymath Ǧalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī (d. 911/1505). Comparison of the two treatises reveals some of the typical methods scholars adopted in producing such works through the appropriation of earlier texts and at the same time shows how a Sunni work was modified for presentation to a Shiite audience.
Improving quality of electricity generated by grid-tied inverters in solar power plants in low generated power mode using frequency adaptive PWM
Authors: Plakhtii Oleksandr , Nerubatskyi Volodymyr , Ivakhno Volodymyr , Zamaruiev Volodymyr
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the dependence of the quality indicators of electricity generated by solar power plants in three-phase electrical networks on the level of generated power. In the course of the study, it was established that when the generated power is reduced, the grid voltage inverters that are part of the solar power plants cause an increase in the share of higher harmonic currents to the electric grid. An analysis of international standards regarding the quality requirements of the generated current was performed, which showed that when the level of generated power decreases, the quality of electric energy decreases and may not meet the requirements of the standard. The algorithm of frequency-adaptive pulse-width modulation is proposed, which allows to improve the quality indicators of the electricity generated by the grid inverter of the voltage of the solar power plant to the electrical grid.
Jetzt hab ich voll die Panik: Prototype effects of NP-external intensifiers in German
Authors: Politt Katja , Willich Alexander
Published: November 2024

This paper explores two types of degree modifiers in German, namely total and voll. While most degree modifiers are usually placed inside an NP, total and voll frequently appear in a position outside of an NP, giving them the function of intensifiers rather than pure modifiers. Hence, they become NP-external intensifiers. Previous studies have suggested that these NP-external intensifiers either take an adjective inside the subsequent NP in their scope, or, if there is none, the NP head. Based on corpus data from the deCow16B, we suggest an alternative interpretation where the scope of the intensifier always ranges over the subsequent NP as a whole, irrespective of it containing an adjective or not. We suggest that this can be described based on prototype effects and underdetermination, whether there is an adjective present or not. The NP denotes an exemplar of a (prototypical) category: the category membership is understood as scalar and the NP is intensified on this implicit scale.
Metaphorical meaning dynamics: Identifying patterns in the metaphorical evolution of English words using mathematical modeling techniques
Authors: Hull Peter , Teich Marie
Published: November 2024

Conceptual metaphor theory has been criticized due to its emphasis on concepts instead of words and its top-down direction of analysis. In response to these criticisms, this paper employs a new strategy, utilizing established mathematical modeling methods to allow a systematic, quantitative analysis of the entire dataset produced by the Mapping Metaphor project at the University of Glasgow. This dataset consists of 9609 words performing 18916 metaphorical mappings between 414 domains. The data is represented as a network consisting of 414 nodes, the domains, connected by shared words. Words are represented by groups of directed mappings between all domains in which they occur. This is made possible by the use of a directed hypergraph representation, a tool commonly used in discrete mathematics and various areas of computer science but not previously applied to the metaphorical meanings of words. Examining the dataset as a whole, rather than focusing on individual words or metaphors, allows global patterns of behavior to emerge from the data without pre-filtering or selection by the authors. Outcomes of the analysis relating to the distributions of source and target domains within the network, the growth mechanisms at work in the spread of metaphorical meanings and how these relate to existing concepts in CMT are discussed.
L2 acquisition of Japanese null arguments
Authors: Yusa Mayuko
Published: November 2024

Adopting the anti-agreement hypothesis that argument ellipsis is allowed in languages lacking φ-feature agreement, the present study investigates whether second language (L2) learners of φ-feature agreement languages (L1-English L2 learners of Japanese; ELJs) and L2 learners of anti-agreement languages (L1-Mandarin Chinese L2 learners of Japanese; CLJs) can access sloppy interpretations of Japanese null arguments. The results concerning null subjects indicate that both L2 groups behaved similarly to Japanese native speakers (JNSs) by allowing the sloppy reading of null subjects. However, further analysis by L2 proficiency revealed distinct patterns. Intermediate ELJs exhibited L1-transfer of φ-feature agreement, assigning null subjects the strict reading, while the advanced ELJs were able to discard the φ-feature, allowing the sloppy reading. In contrast, CLJs accepted the sloppy reading from the intermediate level, indicating that the absence of the φ-feature functioned as positive transfer. Regarding the results with null objects, both L2 groups performed like JNSs, allowing the sloppy interpretation. Assuming that deleting a feature present in L1 is more difficult than adding a feature absent in L1 to L2, we will explain the results in terms of L1 transfer.
Cross-language facilitatory and inhibitory effects in the naming of Japanese words by Chinese-Japanese bilinguals
Authors: Zhao Xuehan , Xiong Kexin , Kiyama Sachiko
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of orthographic and phonological overlaps between the first language (L1) and the second language (L2) during word naming by adult Chinese-Japanese bilinguals, in the light of the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis which posits that the processing of printed words depends on the extent of grapheme-phoneme correspondence in the language. We compared their naming performance of L2 Japanese words written in moraic hiragana which is not used in their L1 Chinese, morphosyllabic kanji utilized in L1, and a mixed condition. Results indicated a longer latency for naming L2 Japanese words with kun-reading which has no phonological overlap with L1, particularly when written in kanji, which has orthographic overlap with L1. Consistent with the Orthographic Depth Hypothesis, participants performed better for words in hiragana as a shallow orthography than for words in kanji as a deep orthography. Furthermore, this study examined the priming effect of L2 Japanese translation equivalents on L1 Chinese targets. We found more accurate and faster naming of L1 words semantically exposed by L2, suggesting that L2 semantic representation facilitates L1 translation equivalence.
Wear properties of Al6061/SiC + B4C + TiC hybrid composites produced by vacuum infiltration method
Authors: Duru Nurcihan , Kaner Sidem , Kaplan Yavuz , Sever Nimet Kardes , Ozer Alpay , Aksoz Sinan
Published: November 2024

In the study, hybrid metal matrix composite (HMMC) structures were produced by vacuum infiltration method (VIM) using Al6061 alloy and varying amounts of SiC, B4C, and TiC ceramic powder pairs. Age-hardening processes were applied to these HMMCs. After heat treatment, wear behavior was examined under different loads using the pin-on-disc test method. All Al6061 hybrid composites exhibited better wear performance than unreinforced Al6061. In the wear tests of composite samples, the lowest volume loss and therefore the highest wear resistance were obtained in Al6061 3 wt.% B4C + SiC composites under 5 N force. The lowest wear resistance due to the highest volume loss was determined in Al6061/1 wt.% TiC + B4C composites under 15 N force. Abrasive and adhesive wear characteristics were observed in field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) images of worn surfaces. Additionally, wear debris, smearing, and deep grove formations were determined on the surface. In the EDS analysis performed on the worn surface, O and Fe elements were found in addition to the elements that are likely to be in the structure (such as Al, B, C, Ti, Si, and Mg). The wear tests caused the formation of oxide layers on the sample surfaces.
Comparison effect of hyperglycaemia induced mixed meal tolerance and oral glucose tolerance test on body oxidative stress
Authors: Önalan Ramazan , Yıldırım Tekin , Caniklioğlu Ayşen
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) are used in the diagnosis of prediabetes and hypoglycaemia. Data suggest that oxidative stress caused by hyperglycaemia during OGTT may have adverse metabolic effects in prediabetic patients. In this study, we aimed to evaluate oxidant and antioxidant levels in OGTT and MMTT.

Methods

The study included 72 patients who underwent MMTT and OGTT at one-week intervals. Total Oxidant Status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were analysed in samples taken from patients at zero, first and second hours of MMTT and OGTT and Oxidative Stress Index (OSI) was calculated, and the data were compared.

Results

OGTT and MMTT results were compared with each other within the patient group. While significant differences were found between first-hour glucose, TOS and OSI values (p<0.01), no significant differences were observed for zero and second-hour values (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in TAS values (p>0.05). When zero, first, and second-hour results were compared for OGTT and MMTT within the same test, no significant differences were found for the other parameters except for glucose (p<0.01 for both tests). The correlation between glucose and TOS, TAS and OSI values in MMTT and OGTT was not found.

Conclusions

Our study concludes that the body experiences more oxidative stress in the first hour following an OGTT than the oxidative stress induced by hyperglycaemia in a mixed-meal diet. Further research is needed to determine whether oxidative stress in the first hour triggers dysmetabolic events in the body.
Seals and signs: tracing the origins of writing in ancient South-west Asia
Authors: Kelley Kathryn , Cartolano Mattia , Ferrara Silvia
Published: November 2024

Administrative innovations in South-west Asia during the fourth millennium BC, including the cylinder seals that were rolled on the earliest clay tablets, laid the foundations for proto-cuneiform script, one of the first writing systems. Seals were rich in iconography, but little research has focused on the potential influence of specific motifs on the development of the sign-based proto-cuneiform script. Here, the authors identify symbolic precursors to fundamental proto-cuneiform signs among late pre-literate seal motifs that describe the transportation of vessels and textiles, highlighting the synergy of early systems of clay-based communication.
Input/Output Relationships for the Primary Hippocampal Circuit
Authors: Gunn Benjamin G. , Pruess Benedict S. , Gall Christine M. , Lynch Gary
Published: November 2024

The hippocampus is the most studied brain region, but little is known about signal throughput—the simplest, yet most essential of circuit operations—across its multiple stages from perforant path input to CA1 output. Using hippocampal slices derived from male mice, we have found that single-pulse lateral perforant path (LPP) stimulation produces a two-part CA1 response generated by LPP projections to CA3 (“direct path”) and the dentate gyrus (“indirect path”). The latter, indirect path was far more potent in driving CA1 but did so only after a lengthy delay. Rather than operating as expected from the much-discussed trisynaptic circuit argument, the indirect path used the massive CA3 recurrent collateral system to trigger a high-frequency sequence of fEPSPs and spikes. The latter events promoted reliable signal transfer to CA1, but the mobilization time for the stereotyped, CA3 response resulted in surprisingly slow throughput. The circuit transmitted theta (5 Hz) but not gamma (50 Hz) frequency input, thus acting as a low-pass filter. It reliably transmitted short bursts of gamma input separated by the period of a theta wave—CA1 spiking output under these conditions closely resembled the input signal. In all, the primary hippocampal circuit does not behave as a linear, three-part system but instead uses novel filtering and amplification steps to shape throughput and restrict effective input to select patterns. We suggest that the operations described here constitute a default mode for processing cortical inputs with other types of functions being enabled by projections from outside the extended hippocampus.
The complex landscape of luminal breast cancer
Authors: Lutz Catrin , Messal Hendrik A , Vareslija Damir , Prekovic Stefan
Published: November 2024

The breast epithelium, vital for mammary gland function, is influenced by oestrogen through the oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling pathway. Luminal breast cancer (BC), characterised by ER expression, comprises the majority of all BCs and presents significant clinical challenges due to therapy resistance and recurrence. Despite advancements in understanding luminal disease, improving long-term survival and reducing relapse of BC patients by predicting therapy efficacy and understanding resistance mechanisms remain critical challenges. This review discusses luminal BC biology, focusing on the molecular classification of primary disease, metastatic spread, and experimental models.
Game roles in basketball: functions and requirements for players
Authors:   National aerospace university «Kharkiv aviation institute», Ukraine, Kramarenko Valentyna , Yevarnytskyi Ihor ,   National aerospace university «Kharkiv aviation institute», Ukraine, Kravchenko Olena ,   Semen Kuznets Kharkiv National University of Economics, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

In modern basketball, effective team play requires players in different positions to perform specialized functions that match their physical, technical and psychological attributes. Understanding these functions is crucial to the success of the team. Identifying the functions and requirements of players at different positions is key to the success of any basketball team. This allows you to create an effective strategy where each player can maximize his or her potential. Purpose of the study: to consider the functions of basketball players playing in certain positions and to determine the requirements for players of different playing roles in basketball. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature. Results of the study. The functions of basketball players playing at certain positions are characterized. The requirements for players of different playing roles in basketball are revealed: point guard, attacking guard, light forward, heavy forward, center. Conclusions. The functions of basketball players playing in different positions are determined by their roles and responsibilities on the court. The distribution of players by function is an important aspect of organizing team play in basketball. This distribution allows to achieve an organized and purposeful game, taking into account the individual capabilities of each player. The distribution of playing roles among players depends on their physical and psychological characteristics. The anthropometric data and skills of a player are taken into account when determining his role. However, it is also important to take into account the psychological characteristics of the player and his ability to cooperate with his teammates. It is necessary to clearly assign roles in the team in order to achieve success. Intragroup rivalry can have a negative impact on teamwork, so it is important that each player understands his own capabilities and has the ability to assess the capabilities of his partners. The requirements for players of different playing roles in basketball are their understanding of roles and responsibilities, ability to cooperate with partners, individual skill and ability to assess the situation on the court. This helps to effectively build a team that can succeed.
THE DRIVING FORCE OF EXOGENOUS AND ENDOGENOUS STRESS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF METASTATIC PROGRESSION OF BREAST CANCER. THE ROLE OF GELATINASES IN IMPLEMENTATION OF INVASIVE AND MIGRATION PROCESSES
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Chekhun V.F. , Naleskina L.A. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kunska L.M. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lukianova N.Y. ,   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: November 2024

Summary. The review of the literature draws attention to the fact that, from the modern point of view, oncogenesis is a multistage process in which, along with numerous factors of various origins, stress occupies a prominent place. It has been established that stress triggers mechanisms that lead to the activation of programs such as proliferation, invasion, migration of tumor cells at various stages of neoplasm formation, and due to the integration of these actions, the spread of malignantly transformed cells in the body occurs, namely the recurrence of removed tumors and metastasis. In addition, it has recently been shown that as a result of chronic stress, the polarization of tumor cells towards a more mesenchymal phenotype and the release of proteases, in particular the gelatinases MMP-2 and MMP-9, which carry out the destruction and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, and this promotes the metastasis of malignantly transformed cells. Objective indicators of changes under the influence of stress are given, which, after checking their significance, can be used as prognostic criteria and targets for personalized treatment tactics for patients with breast cancer.
BREAST CANCER CELL LINES AS EXPERIMENTAL TUMOR MODELS
Authors:   R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shlapatska L.M.
Published: November 2024

Summary. Cell culture is a unique biological tool for studying cells outside the body and serves as a model for various studies. For more than half a century, cell lines have been the leading objects of research in the arsenal of breast cancer (BC) researchers in identifying phenotypic characteristics, biological properties of malignantly transformed cells, testing drugs and studying their mechanisms of action, evaluating new treatment strategies, searching for and identifying targets for targeted drugs, the impact of individual elements of the microenvironment on tumor cells, etc. Carrying out a range of such studies is possible only if the molecular portrait of the cell line is known, which in many parameters can be compared with one of the molecular subtypes of malignant neoplasms of the mammary gland – luminal A, luminal B, basal-like/triple negative and Her2/neu-positive. In this review, the basic characteristics of cells of breast cancer lines are highlighted, since the choice of the necessary model system is extremely important before conducting research and needs to take into account its molecular characteristics.
Integrated water-population interactions framework: An application to assess water security in Iran
Authors: Soltani Zahra , Abbasi-Shavazi Mohammad Jalal , Bagheri Ali
Published: November 2024

While dynamic water security models related to food and livelihood security have advanced significantly in recent decades, the inclusion of demographic variables in these models is often limited to merely population growth. As many countries have either completed or are in the process of completing the demographic transition, population growth alone may no longer be the predominant demographic variable influencing water security models. Therefore, there is a discernible need for more comprehensive water security models to consider the simultaneous impact of various demographic variables on different aspects of water security. Inspired by the contemporary environmental demography perspectives, we introduce a generic integrated framework for integrated water-population interactions (IWPI) which explores the overlooked impacts of demographic transitions on different aspects of water security. Demographic shifts can impact food and water consumption and agricultural employment. Recognizing these dynamics is essential as countries advance through demographic transitions and face mounting pressures on water resources. The Integrated Water-Population Interaction (IWPI) framework was implemented in Iran through the Water-Population System Dynamics (WPSD) model. The model shows that population size, household composition and urbanization significantly affect domestic water consumption. It also reveals how changes in educational and occupational structures impact livelihood security and food self-sufficiency under water constraints. We introduce a novel population metric for water security assessment in Iran, offering policy-makers a tool to assess and address water insecurities that can affect the population in different ways. Our findings recommend realistic food self-sufficiency targets, flexible water resource planning and policies that integrate population dynamics with water, food and livelihood security to ensure sustainable outcomes in Iran.
Boat-shaped fibulae from the Early Iron Age sites of Érd and Százhalombatta
Authors: Tóth-Vásárhelyi Máté
Published: November 2024

The primary aim of this study is to present some Early Iron Age brooches found at Érd-Hosszúföldek, including an attempt to clarify some of the cultural connections of the area. The pair of boat-shaped fibulae connected by a chain, the three-footed vessels, and the ribbed cysts indicate a complex and widespread connection network in the period.
Molekuláris klasszifikáció a diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfómában: egy multiomikai tanulmány összegzése
Authors: Szoboszlai Nóra , Varga Luca
Published: November 2024

A diffúz nagy B-sejtes limfóma (DLBCL) a leggyakoribb non-Hodgkin limfóma, amely az újonnan felfedezett esetek 35–40%-át adja. A betegség klasszifikációja intenzív kutatások tárgyát képezi, egyik legújabb tanulmányban Wenzl és mtsai. sikeresen azonosítottak egy korai stádiumban is felfedezhető molekuláris mintázatot, amely segítséget nyújthat a kétéves eseménymentes túlélés előrejelzésére. RNS-expresszió és DNS-alapú vizsgálatok által kifejlesztettek egy klasszifikációs rendszert, amely alacsony, közepes és magas rizikójú csoportokba sorolja a betegeket. A mutiomikai, innovatív rizikóbecslés hasznos információval szolgálhat mind a klinikum, mind a további kutatások szempontjából.
Constructing a model of the axis form in a S-shaped riser of a cultivator paw
Authors: Pylypaka Serhii , Hropost Vyacheslav , Volina Tetiana , Kalenyk Mykhailo , Ruzhilo Zinovii , Dieniezhnikov Serhii , Tarelnyk Nataliia , Tatsenko Oleksandr , Semirnenko Svetlana , Motsak Svetlana
Published: November 2024

When cultivating the soil, a force of resistance to the movement of cultivator paw acts on it. It has a variable value and causes a moment of force applied to the riser of the paw. Under the action of the moment, the elastic axis of the riser changes its shape. This affects the position of the paw in the soil. The form of an S-shaped riser whose elastic axis consists of two circle arcs has been considered in this study. During cultivator operation, one part of the riser bends, increasing the curvature of the elastic axis, and the other, on the contrary, unbends, that is, its curvature decreases.
The modeling of the shape of the elastic axis of the paw riser is based on the theory of resistance of materials, according to which the curvature of the elastic axis of the cantilevered band is directly proportional to the applied moment and inversely proportional to its stiffness. If the shape of the cross-section of the riser along its entire length is unchanged and the properties of the metal are also the same, then the stiffness is constant. In the case of small deflections of the band, the linear theory of bending is used, but the deflections in the riser are significant, so the nonlinear theory has been used for this case. At the same time, it is taken into account that the elastic axis of the riser already has an initial curvature, the sign of which changes after passing through the point of connection of the component arcs.
To model the shape of the elastic axis of the S-shaped paw riser, the deformation of the arcs of the circles that form this paw was calculated separately. Numerical integration methods were used to find the shape of the deformed elastic axes of both parts of the riser. They were connected into a whole and a deformed elastic axis of the S-shaped riser was obtained. Two variants of the riser with different lengths of their elastic axis, but the same height and the same angle of entry into the soil, were considered. The combination of the component arcs of the riser shows that, under the action of the same force, the deviation from the specified movement depth for one riser is 2 cm, and for the other – 4 cm.
Identification of characteristics of conceptual prototype of microprocessor resource-saving relay protection system
Authors: Neftissov Alexandr , Kazambayev Ilyas , Kirichenko Lalita , Urazayev Dnislam , Biloshchytskyi Andrii , Abdirashev Omirzak
Published: November 2024

The object of the study is the conceptual prototype of a microprocessor resource-saving relay protection system. Currently, relay protection ensures electrical networks reliable and efficient work, however, the traditional architecture is proprietary, not allowing to fix and replace damaged parts without a company specialist. Therefore, the open-architecture relay protection is a very pressing issue, but the problem lies in meeting the relay protection requirements. The data transmission protocols nRF and ESP-NOW, Hall sensors evaluation for AC current measurement determination and sensor accuracy improvement was implemented. Experimental validation demonstrated that nRF and ESP-NOW protocols meet the delay and reliability requirements, however, the nRF protocol is more suitable due to its flexibility and obstacle penetration. The data demonstrated that the most effective conditions are without obstacles at 15 meters from the modem and with obstacles 5 meters from the modem. The experiment of Hall sensors characteristics determination demonstrated the accuracy of current measurement with the set values of the opening and closing currents. Nevertheless, it is not accurate (12.45 %) for the relay protection application. Therefore, the application of the changing values of the opening and closing currents is more effective and accuracy reaches 6.92 %. As a result, the service life of the Hall sensor was determined, and even after 10 million openings, the open state time remained unchanged. Therefore, the approximation function for current amplitude determination depending on open state time was found. On the other hand, Hall sensors may suffer from temperature drift and require further optimization to be fully reliable. The study limitation is the current range from 0 to 800 A
Dried Fruits are an Important Component of Diet Therapy
Authors: Nalyotov Andrew V. , Khavkin Anatoly I. , Matsynin Alexander N.
Published: November 2024

Dried fruits contain a large number of biologically active compounds, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytoestrogens, etc. These compounds have an antioxidant effect, which has great health benefits. Dried fruits also have a high fiber content. Evaluation of the bioavailability and biological properties of biologically active compounds can contribute to understanding the health effects of dried fruits. A number of studies indicate the beneficial effect of eating dried fruits on the state of the intestinal microbiota. Further research is needed to better understand the health effects of dried fruits and their underlying biological mechanisms.
NUMERICAL STUDY OF LOW AREA RATIO JET PUMPS
Authors: Kotak Vimal K. , Sengupta Samiran , Gopalakrishnan Sugilal , Bhattacharya Sujay
Published: November 2024

Jet pumps with low area ratio are used to achieve a higher flow amplification in specific applications; however, numerical analyses of these type of jet pumps are scarcely reported in the literature. In this study, three different low area ratio jet pumps were selected to compare numerical predictions with experimental results. Performance curve obtained using standard k-ω turbulent model significantly underpredicts the performance at all flow ratio, while that obtained using standard k-ε turbulent model significantly overpredicts the performance at flow ratios higher than 3. When the performance curves obtained using the shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model were compared with the experimental results, it was found that the model agrees well at low to moderate flow ratios and shows marginal deviation at higher flow ratios. By altering the standard model coefficient σω1 to 0.4 from its standard value of 0.5, the numerical model predictions were found to improve at higher flow ratios. It was observed that changing the model coefficient σω1 affects the turbulent viscosity profile in the pressure recovery region, thereby improving the pressure profile prediction. For the specific application of miniature size low area ratio jet pump designed for flow ratio of 4, effficiency is found to increase to 20% from 18% with increase in operating temperature from room temperature to 340°C. Effect of the diffuser angle was also analyzed and the design was optimized to improve pressure recovery and increase efficiency to 22% by using diffuser angle of 3.7°.