bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Laporan Laba Rugi Proforma Metode Common Size PT Rajawali Permata Asia
Authors: Debora Anggianie , Asfi Marsani , Amroni Amroni , Suwandi Suwandi , Kanivia Aan
Published: July 2024

Laporan keuangan proforma berguna untuk memproyeksikan kondisi keuangan masa mendatang serta mengevaluasi dan membandingkan dengan alternatif strategi bisnis yang lain. Perusahaan tidak mengetahui asset dan kewajiban yang dimiliki, kontribusi biaya yang dikeluarkan dan keadaan laba atau rugi perusahaan jika belum lengkapnya laporan laba rugi yang ada. Pengolahan Laporan Laba Rugi di Rajawali Permata Asia masih dilakukan dengan menulis di buku catatan keuangan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu sistem berbasis komputer untuk melakukan komputerisasi penyusunan laporan laba rugi yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prosedur sistem yang ada saat ini serta membuat sistem informasi akuntansi yang mendukung proses keuangan di perusahaan sehingga dapat membantu bagian keuangan melakukan pengolahan data. Model waterfall digunakan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak, sedangkan penyusunan laporan rugi laba proforma menggunakan metode common size. Metode Common Size digunakan untuk mengetahui persentase peningkatan dan penurunan pada setiap pos-pos laba rugi. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam implementasi sistem adalah laporan rugi laba tahun 2017 dan 2018. Nilai persentase tersebut akan menjadi patokan untuk menghitung laporan laba rugi proforma. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi berbasis komputer tentang laporan laba rugi per tahun dan laporan laba rugi proforma secara periode. Dari aplikasi terlihat laporan nilai persentase pada pos-pos prosentase. Hasil pengujian sistem secara internal kepada pengguna aplikasi dilakukan menggunakan User Acceptance Test (UAT). Hasil pengujian diperoleh presentase tingkat kesesuaian dengan perancangan dan kebutuhan sistem adalah sebesar 76.25%, yang termasuk dalam kategori cukup sesuai. Sedangkan hasil pengujian untuk implementasi metode Common Size terlihat perhitungan sistem berbasis komputer, yaitu peningkatan penjualan sebesar 50,69%, penurunan harga pokok penjualan sebesar 4,94%, penurunan biaya operasional sebesar 2,86% dan penurunan pajak sebesar 0,34% sehingga pada tahun 2018 perusahaan mendapatkan laba yang lebih besar dari pada tahun 2017 dengan peningkatan sebesar 8,17%. Diharapkan dengana adanya sistem informasi akuntansi ini akanmempermudah perusahaan dalam mengerti kondisi laba rugi pada masa mendatang terkait perencanaan dalam kegiatan bisnis yang berjalan.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Administrasi Kantor Pada Badan Usaha Milik Desa Studi Kasus Desa Pemecutan Kaja Mandiri
Authors: Pradipta Gede Angga , Huizen Roy Rudolf , Susila I Made Darma , Hermawan Dadang , Ayu Putu Desiana Wulaning , Hostiadi Dandy Pramana
Published: July 2024

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) dikenal sebagai lembaga yang dikelola oleh masyarakat suatu desa. BUMDes umumnya memiliki banyak kegiatan yang bertujuan untuk menggerakan perekonominan masyarakat dalam suatu desa. Dalam perkembangannya, seringkali administrasi pencatatan kegiatan yang meliputi pencatatan aset, keanggotaan, akuntansi, arsip surat menyurat dan absensi pegawai belum dilakukan secara optimal. Hal ini menyebabkan beberapa teknik pencatatan administrasi menjadi tidak teratur, tidak sesuai, hilang serta pencatatan manual dalam buku sering kali hilang. Maka pencatatan secara komputerisasi atau dalam bentuk digitalisasi administrasi perlu dilakukan dalam kantor BUMDes untuk menertibkan mekanisme pencatatan yang bersifat administratif. BUMDes Pemecutan Kaja Mandiri merupakan salah satu BUMDes yang telah menerapkan pemanfaatan teknologi berbasis komputerisasi. Hal ini di dukung telah dilakukannnya pencatatan dalam dokumen digital, namun masih belum optimal. Pencatatan administrasi belum terkomputerisasi dalam bentuk sistem yang optimal dan bersifat partial. Sehingga memerlukan sebuah aplikasi terintegrasi dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan pencatatan administrasi di kantor BUMDes. Pada penelitian ini, diusulkan sebuah rancang bangun sistem informasi administrasi kantor yang bersifat dinamis dan interaktif berdasarkan kebutuhan pada BUMDes. Rancang bangun terdiri dari proses perancangan alur data, perancangan relasi antar entitas dalam sistem, implementasi dan pengujian sistem. Perancangan alur data dan relasi antar entitas menggunakan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) dengan model waterfall yang terdiri atas analisis kebutuhan, perancangan desain, implementasi dalam bentuk kode pemrogram dan pengujian. Hasil dari rancang bangun adalah sebuah sistem informasi administrasi kantor BUMDes berbasis website. Terdapat 8 fitur utama dalam sistem informasi, yaitu pengelolaan biodata pengguna, dashboard sistem, data pegawai, profil kantor, pendataan surat masuk, pendataan surat keluar, inventaris dan absensi. Pengujian yang digunakan adalah blackbox testing dengan melihat fungsionalitas setiap fungsi dan tombol dalam laman website. Pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh fungsionalitas sistem berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan sengan kelas uji sebanyak 170. Berdasarkan pengujian telah diimplementasikan penginputan data, sistem dapat menampilkan engan baik dan sistem dinyatakan telah bekerja secara optimal.
Analisis Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Perbaikan Hardware Komputer Berbasis Website Menggunakan Metode Backward Chaining
Authors: Miechael Miechael , Daniawan Benny
Published: July 2024

Perkembangan sistem informasi (SI) dan teknologi informasi (TI) sangat pesat. Kemajuan SI dan TI berperan penting terhadap kinerja suatu organisasi atau perusahaan menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Kegiatan yang sebelumnya mengharuskan bertatap muka, saat ini dituntut agar dapat dilakukan tanpa harus bertemu secara langsung. Layanan berbasis online saat ini benyak bermunculan, layanan tersebut dapat menjangkau pelanggan secara langsung dan mempermudah setiap aktifitas yang dilakukan. Kecepatan dan kehandalan proses layanan menjadi hal utama yang diperhatikan penuh oleh organisasi atau perusahaan karena berpengaruh pada kepuasan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas layanan yang dimiliki CV. ONG COMPUTER khususnya dalam proses konsultasi, tracking progres pengerjaan, dan pemberian informasi mengenai status unit. Maka dibuat sebuah sistem usulan berbasis website yang menggunakan metode Backward Chaining agar sistem bisa mengenali kerusakan berdasarkan keluhan pelanggan, dan dapat membantu teknisi dalam proses pemberian informasi kepada pelanggan, serta tracking progres pengerjaan unit yang diperbaiki. Hasil dari pengujian sistem menggunakan metode Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) terhadap 76 responden dengan nilai standar t-table sebesar 1,994 menunjukan hasil bahwa variabel Perceived Usefulness (PU) tidak berpengaruh terhadap Attitude Toward Using (ATU) sebesar 1,443, PU berpengaruh terhadap Behavioral Intention to Use (BITU) sebesar 4,650, Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) berpengaruh terhadap ATU sebesar 2,829, ATU bepengaruh terhadap BITU sebesar 6,785, sedangkan BITU berpengaruh terhadap Actual System Use (ASU) sebesar 15,326.Kata Kunci: Sistem Informasi Perbaikan, Sistem Rekomendasi Perbaikan Hardware Komputer, Backward Chaining, Technology Acceptance Model, Behavior Intention to Use
ANALISIS PRIORITAS PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DI KOTA SEMARANG TAHUN 2022 DENGAN METODE PROMETHEE DAN ROC
Authors: Fratama Dimas Putra , Yulianti Vera , Sadewa Nindya Yanuar , Pinem Agusta Praba Ristadi
Published: July 2024

Bencana alam seringkali berdampak merugikan pada kehidupan manusia, lingkungan, dan infrastruktur. Penanggulangan bencana menjadi penting terutama di Kota Semarang yang rentan terhadap berbagai bencana seperti banjir, tanah longsor, angin puting beliung, dan lainnya. Tahun 2022 mencatat peningkatan jumlah dan intensitas bencana alam di Kota Semarang. Mendorong Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) untuk menetapkan prioritas penanggulangan bencana, peneliti memberikan rekomendasi dengan menggunakan perhitungan spk metode PROMETHEE. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tersebut untuk mengevaluasi tindakan penanggulangan bencana berdasarkan kriteria multi-faktor seperti korban jiwa dan dampak ekonomi. Pembobotan menggunakan Metode Rank Order Centroid (ROC) meningkatkan ketepatan pengukuran dan objektivitas keputusan. Hasil analisis prioritas tindakan penanggulangan bencana di Kota Semarang pada tahun 2022 dengan metode PROMETHEE dan ROC menggambarkan beberapa aspek temuan yang signifikan. Melalui proses multi kriteria menggunakan metode PROMETHEE, penelitian ini mampu menetapkan jenis bencana yang sering terjadi serta memberikan rekomendasi tentang bencana yang harus ditangani terlebih dahulu. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa tanah longsor menduduki peringkat pertama dengan nilai tertinggi (1,58), diikuti oleh rumah roboh dengan nilai 1,50, dan banjir dengan nilai 1,31. Analisis ini tidak hanya menentukan prioritas berdasarkan preferensi, tetapi juga mempertimbangkan tingkat efektivitas tindakan. Implikasi hasil analisis ini akan memperkuat respons terhadap bencana, membantu para pemangku kepentingan dalam merancang strategi penanggulangan yang responsif, serta melindungi masyarakat dan aset kota dari risiko bencana.
Evaluasi Kualitas Website Sistem Informasi Desa Sudagaran Menggunakan Metode Webqual 4.0 dan IPA
Authors: Oktavyani Annisa , Nugroho Nicolaus Euclides Wahyu
Published: July 2024

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi semakin mempermudah manusia dalam berkomuniksi dan mendapatkan perkembangan berita dan informasi di seluruh dunia. Penerapan Sistem Informasi Desa (SID) di Indonesia masih terdapat beberapa kendala, seperti masyarakat tidak mengetahui berita mengenai kemajuan desa, website sering terputus dengan server, masih terdapat bugs, layanan pada website terbatas, dan kinerja website lambat. SID Sudagaran hadir sebagai percontohan desa digital di Kabupaten Banyumas yang dapat memudahkan masyarakat dalam mengurus keperluan layanan secara online. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, diketahui bahwa website SID belum pernah dilakukan analisis terhadap kualitas website nya serta proses pengajuan surat melalui fitur layanan mandiri terlalu kompleks. Website juga beberapa kali mengalami down ketika digunakan serta terdapat fitur yang kurang responsif. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas website SID Sudagaran menggunakan metode Webqual 4.0 dan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) serta mengusulkan rekomendasi perbaikan terhadap indikator yang memiliki kinerja rendah. Evaluasi terhadap kualitas website SID Sudagaran dengan kedua metode tersebut menghasilkan analisis tingkat kesesuaian sebesar 99.08% atau nilai tingkat kesesuaian < 100%, yang berarti layanan tersebut belum memenuhi harapan pengguna. Rata-rata kesenjangan (GAP) dari semua indikator adalah -0.05 atau nilai GAP < 0, yang berarti layanan masih belum sesuai dengan harapan pengguna. Diagram kartesius dari IPA menunjukkan perlunya peningkatan kualitas atau perbaikan pada kuadran I, terutama indikator U5, US6, US7, IQ3, IQ4, dan SIQ6, serta kuadran III, terutama US8, SIQ4, dan SIQ7. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi administrator atau penyedia layanan website SID Sudagaran untuk meningkatkan kualitas layanannya.
Prediction of Carang Mas Production Amount Using the Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System Method
Authors: Rendy Ahmadan Abdul Aziz Maretha , Widaningrum Ida , Karaman Jamilah
Published: July 2024

UD. ASTER is a company in the natural resource-based food processing business located in the renowned Sarangan tourism area in Magetan, East Java Province. Carang Mas is a type of processed cuisine made from sweet potato plants, commonly sold as a souvenir in Sarangan for tourists. Industry participants are encountering unpredictable demand. Currently, production planning and manufacturing of Carang Mas still rely on manual calculations, leading to overproduction and an accumulation of items. Carang Mas' endurance in this situation is limited to around one month. The company's sustainability is significantly impacted by demand unpredictability, necessitating the implementation of a predictive system for Carang Mas output every month. This prediction system utilizes the Fuzzy Tsukamoto approach because of its suitability for basic input and few computational requirements. The input variables are demand, stock, and manufacturing costs, with the output variable being production. The system's outcome is a forecast of Carang Mas output volumes achieved by the Fuzzy Tsukamoto technique. The algorithm's efficiency can be classified as O(1) in Big O notation, indicating constant time complexity. The MAPE test revealed a value of 4.0868 when comparing actual outcomes with expected results from January 2021 to December 2022.
Implementasi Algoritma K-Means Clustering Terhadap Penjualan Produk Pada AAS Toserba Jatibarang
Authors: Khaerunnisa Rindiyani , Irawan Bambang , Ramdhan Nur Ariesanto , Shahib Muhammad Umar
Published: July 2024

Studi ini menyelidiki pola pembelian pelanggan di AAS Toserba Jatibarang mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan jumlah stok barang dengan adanya penelitian dengan menggunakan algoritma Clustering K-Means. Data penjualan dimasukkan ke dalam tiga kelompok: "Tidak Laris", "Laris", dan "Paling Laris". Hasilnya menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam perilaku pembelian antara kelompok pelanggan tersebut. Hasil ini dapat menambah literatur analisis pola pembelian konsumen menggunakan metode clustering dan memberikan wawasan yang berharga bagi manajemen toserba untuk meningkatkan strategi pemasaran dan penjualan. Dengan adanya penelitian ini penentua jumlah stok barang tidak lagi menggunakan manual.
Designing A Multi-item Product Inventory Policy to Reduce Stockouts on CV VLJ
Authors: Puspitasari Fransiska Hernina , Kurniawan V. Reza Bayu , Yulianti Trisna
Published: July 2024

CV VLJ is a distributor of mineral water and bottled water in Cilegon area, Indonesia selling various water brands and is supplied by four suppliers. CV VLJ often runs out of goods in the warehouse when consumers want to buy the goods they are looking for. As a result, consumers are disappointed and buy it at other distributors. This leads to lost sales. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the loss of sales and minimize the total inventory cost at each supplier. The determination of the order quantity and period is calculated using the EOQ, POQ, EOQ multi-item and multi-item EOI methods. The inventory total cost and lost sales can be calculated through the inventory table simulation. Based on the simulation results, sales losses can decrease by 88-99% for all four suppliers and total costs decrease by an average of around 33% compared to actual conditions.
Briket Arang dari Limbah Tempurung Kemiri dan Serbuk Gergajian Kayu Sengon dengan Perekat Arpus (Gum Resin) Menggunakan Proses Karbonisasi
Authors: Abimanyu Raffi , Zuhdi Farhan Muhammad , Billah Mutasim , Karaman Novel , Pujiastuti Caecilia
Published: July 2024

Energi tak terbarukan semakin berkurang dengan bertambahnya manusia dan industrialisasi. Energi alternatif menjadi pilihan pengganti cadangan energi tak terbarukan. Jenis energi alternatif yang dapat digunakan menjadi pengganti energi tak terbarukan adalah biomassa. Peneliti memfokuskan pembuatan biomassa yaitu produksi briket arang limbah tempurung kemiri dan serbuk gergajian kayu sengon. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui nilai fixed carbon dan nilai kalor briket arang dari campuran tempurung kemiri dan serbuk gergajian kayu sengon dengan perekat arpus dengan metode karbonisasi. Karbonisasi pada suhu 200°C selama 3 jam. Arang karbonisasi diseragamkan ukurannya menjadi 60 mesh. Arang tempurung kemiri dan arang serbuk gergajian kayu dicampurkan menggunakan rasio 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5 dan perekat arpus 7, 9, 11, 13, 15gram. Briket dicetak dan dikeringkan pada suhu 100°C selama 60 menit. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai fixed carbon tertinggi dari komposisi 9:1 dengan perekat 15gram sebesar 73,77% dan nilai kalor 5375,25 kalori/gram. Hasil tersebut memenuhi standarisasi mutu SNI No.1/6235/2000.
LIMBAH INDUSTRI PENGGERGAJIAN : KAJIAN DAN PEMANFAATAANNYA
Authors: Wulandari Febriana Tri
Published: July 2024

Limbah penggergajian adalah potongan kayu dalam bentuk dan ukuran tertentu yang seharusnya masih bisa dimanfaatkan tetapi ditinggalkan karena keterbatasan tingkat teknologi pengolahan kayu yang ada pada waktu itu. Pada dasarnya masyarakat masih menganggap bahwa limbah itu adalah sampah yang sama sekali tidak ada gunanya dan harus dibuang bahkan dibakar, akan tetapi jika limbah terus ditumpuk maka akan menimbulkan penumpukan sampah. Dan sebaiknya limbah tidak selamanya harus dibuang karena banyak juga limbah yang masih bisa diolah menjadi produk yang bermanfaat. Bahkan beberapa macam limbah bisa menjadi sangat berguna dan juga mempunyai nilai jual tinggi apabila diolah kembali menjadi produk. Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini untuk memberikan gambaran tentang limbah penggergajian dan solusi pemanfaatannya sebagai produk yang memberi nilai ekonomi dengan menggunakan teknologi yang mudah diterapkan untuk masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif yaitu menyajikan suatu gambaran terperinci atas suatu situasi khusus. Sumber data diperoleh dari pustaka atau literature yang berhubungan dengan industri penggergajian dan pengalaman penulis dilapangan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian tentang limbah industri penggergajian maka dapat diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: (1).Limbah penggergajian terdiri dari tiga bentuk yaitu berupa sebetan, serbuk dan potongan ujung dengan total limbah sebesar 59,6 %, (2).Solusi pemanfaatan limbah penggergajian sebagai produk yaitu arang aktif, briket arang, wood pellet, soil condition, kompos dan papan komposit.
A Case of Tracheogastric Puncture Using Transnasal Esophagoscopy After Total Laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and Gastric Pull-Up Reconstruction
Authors: Han Sujin , Kang Sin Jae , Kim Jue Hee , Park Min Woo
Published: July 2024

Voice rehabilitation after total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy is a significant challenge, especially when accompanied by gastric pull-up reconstruction. In 2021, a study revealed that tracheoesophageal puncture is also safe and feasible option for voice rehabilitation in patients who underwent gastric pull-up surgery. Here, we report for the first time in South Korea a case that represents an instance of voice prosthesis insertion after gastric pull-up surgery. The case demonstrates the feasibility and safety of voice prosthesis insertion in patients who undergo total laryngopharyngoesophagectomy and gastric pull-up surgery, providing evidence that voice prosthesis insertion is achievable and can be performed in the outpatient setting using transnasal esophagoscopy.
Assessment of the complexity of the set of input data for a computer vision system
Authors: Tsybulia Serhii , Tymchuk Volodymyr , Volokyta Artem
Published: July 2024

The article considers the actual problems of using neural networks in the development of computer vision systems for military purposes, with an emphasis on the analysis of input datasets. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for assessing the complexity of data sets based on the size and quality of input images, and the level and structure of their annotation. The application of a preliminary assessment of the complexity of datasets will allow analyzing the influence of the specified properties of the input data on the duration of training, the consumption of hardware resources, and the overall effectiveness of computer vision models designed for the detection and identification of masked objects.
To achieve the goal, the research used methods of analyzing the internal structure and properties of datasets, including the analysis of image quality, sizes, variety of objects, and complexity of annotations. The obtained results demonstrate a direct relationship between the complexity of datasets and the efficiency of model training, revealing the key parameters that affect the accuracy and speed of training.
Special attention was paid in the study to the development of a universal method of assessing the complexity of datasets, which allows combining various parameters into a single quantitative indicator. This approach not only contributes to a deeper analysis of the influence of the characteristics of datasets on the learning process, but also allows to predict the costs of computing resources. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the formation of a holistic view of the factors affecting the effectiveness of machine learning in the field of computer vision for military applications. Practical significance is revealed through the possibility of using the results to optimize the development and training of neural networks aimed at increasing the effectiveness of military recognition systems.
The research results contribute to the development of the theory and practice of creating computer vision systems, offering a toolkit for more effective selection or creation of datasets taking into account the requirements of military and technical tasks. In further research, it is planned to expand the use of the proposed indicator on various types of datasets and neural network architectures, which should contribute to the universality and scalability of the proposed approach for evaluating the complexity of datasets.
Identification of wind speed and direction based on software analysis of the parameters from quadrocopter flight control system
Authors: Hera Volodymyr , Snitkov Konstantin , Korniyenko Oleksandr , Sivak Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

In this article, the authors address the critical problem of determining meteorological conditions, specifically wind direction and speed, using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with a focus on quadcopters. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, where UAVs play a significant role in performing various combat and reconnaissance tasks, accurate determination of wind conditions is crucial for the effective deployment of drones. The authors propose a novel method for estimating wind speed and direction based on a software-mathematical analysis of the quadcopter's electrical and aerodynamic parameters, eliminating the need for additional sensors. This approach not only reduces the overall weight and energy consumption of UAVs but also enhances the accuracy and safety of missions through precise meteorological assessments in the target area. The method employs current data on engine voltage to determine necessary wind parameters, proving especially beneficial in scenarios where rapid reaction and adaptability to changing conditions are paramount. The article also discusses the application of UAVs beyond reconnaissance, including direct involvement in artillery missions and direct troop support tasks, such as ammunition delivery or executing enemy bombardment missions.
Furthermore, the article presents results from mathematical modeling, leading to the construction of circular graphs that display the wind vector for a corresponding set of real voltage values on the quadcopter motors' excitation windings. Here, the ray's length represents wind speed, while its azimuth indicates wind direction. Analyzing these graphs visually illustrates the potential wind directions and forces acting on the quadcopter during missions, depending on the excitation voltage across each motor.
The determining of the original virtual grid azimuth value of the check strip for the sighiting device verification
Authors: Serhiienko Roman , Perii Pavlo
Published: July 2024

Autonomous navigation equipment, which is independent of the receiving of navigation satellite constellation signals, plays a significant role in surveying and navigation as a necessary alternative for satellite and pseudo-satellite navigation systems. This paper investigates the errors in determining the initial grid azimuth of the vehicle's center line during sighting device verification and assesses their impact on the accuracy of data preparation for ground artillery firing. A sighting device is a necessary functional device for determining the grid azimuth of the center line of a vehicle and angle transmitting using the heading reference system of navigation equipment. The result of the verification of the sighting device is the determination of the angle of non-parallelism of the optical axis of this sighting device to the center line of the machine, which is carried out on the special check strip. The paper proves that the choice of the virtual grid azimuth of the 60-00 check strip is optimal in terms of minimizing the influence of errors in reading the coordinator countings, which in turn are used to verify the sighting device. Two approaches were used to estimate the error of the grid azimuth of the center line of the machine, and their results coincided. The necessity of taking into account the value of the grid azimuth of the center line of the machine for types of autonomous navigation equipment that use accelerometers to determine the position of the machine and the subsequent computation of the grid azimuth of the center line of the machine is also substantiated. The conclusion was made about the dependence of the error in determining the grid azimuth of the center line of the machine on this angle.
Design and on-field test of ESPAR antenna for UAV-based long-range IoT applications
Authors: Positano Francesco , Lizzi Leonardo , Staraj Robert
Published: July 2024

The Internet of things is increasingly focused on UAV-based long-range applications. This necessitates versatile, low-cost antenna designs for both ground stations and drones. This study proposes the design of a pattern reconfigurable parasitic element antenna system operating in the LoRa 868 MHz band and its on-field characterization. The electronic steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna consists of a single-fed shorted patch surrounded by four rectangular parasitic elements. The antenna system can develop four directive beams, each activated by one of four PIN diodes, and an omnidirectional pattern obtained when all diodes are turned off. The antenna has been characterized both in an anechoic controlled environment and in a practical on-field drone-to-ground packet transmission scenario. Results based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) show that the pattern reconfigurability becomes increasingly relevant with the end-point distance and that pointing the beam at the end point always allows the highest RSSI level to be received.
Harnessing biological synthesis: Zinc oxide nanoparticles for plant biotic stress management
Authors: Verma Naveen , Kaushal Priya , Sidhu Amanpreet K.
Published: July 2024

Crop growth and yield are negatively impacted by increased biotic stress in the agricultural sector due to increasing global warming and changing climatic patterns. The host plant’s machinery is exploited by biotic stress, which is caused by organisms like bacteria, fungi, viruses, insects, nematodes, and mites. This results in nutrient deprivation, increased reactive oxygen species and disturbances in physiological, morphological, and molecular processes. Although used widely, conventional disease management strategies like breeding, intercropping, and chemical fertilizers have drawbacks in terms of time commitment and environmental impact. An environmentally beneficial substitute is offered by the developing field of nanotechnology, where nanoparticles such as zinc oxide are gaining popularity due to their potential applications as antimicrobials and nano-fertilizers. This review delves into the biological synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles employing plants and microbes, function of ZnO nanoparticles in biotic stress mitigation, elucidating their effectiveness and toxicological implications in agricultural. This study supports a cautious approach, stressing the prudent application of ZnO nanoparticles to avoid possible toxicity, in line with the larger global agenda to end hunger, guarantee food security, and advance sustainable agriculture.
Anticancer drugs and cardiotoxicity: the role of cardiomyocyte and non-cardiomyocyte cells
Authors: Koukorava Chrysa , Ahmed Katie , Almaghrabi Shrouq , Pointon Amy , Haddrick Malcolm , Cross Michael J.
Published: July 2024

Cardiotoxicity can be defined as “chemically induced heart disease”, which can occur with many different drug classes treating a range of diseases. It is the primary cause of drug attrition during pre-clinical development and withdrawal from the market. Drug induced cardiovascular toxicity can result from both functional effects with alteration of the contractile and electrical regulation in the heart and structural changes with morphological changes to cardiomyocytes and other cardiac cells. These adverse effects result in conditions such as arrhythmia or a more serious reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which can lead to heart failure and death. Anticancer drugs can adversely affect cardiomyocyte function as well as cardiac fibroblasts and cardiac endothelial cells, interfering in autocrine and paracrine signalling between these cell types and ultimately altering cardiac cellular homeostasis. This review aims to highlight potential toxicity mechanisms involving cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocyte cells by first introducing the physiological roles of these cells within the myocardium and secondly, identifying the physiological pathways perturbed by anticancer drugs in these cells.
Human dynamics in the Southern Puna of Chile (25°-27°s) during the Late Holocene: abandonment, re-occupation and diversification
Authors: López Mendoza Patricio , Loyola Rodrigo , Carrasco Carlos , Latorre Elvira , Méndez Víctor
Published: July 2024

We discuss the process of human re-occupation of the Southern Puna (25°-27°S) during the Late Holocene through a variety of lines of evidence, such as ceramics, faunal bones, lithic technology, sources of raw materials like obsidian, and rock art, and their integration with spatial analyses using least-cost paths. Our results indicate a process in which niches were formed in the puna, focused on a variety of activities such as vicuña hunting; exploitation of lithic sources, minerals and pigments; camelid grazing; symbolic manifestations, and inter-Andean circulation. This suggests that human dynamics in the highlands of the Southern Puna toward the Late Holocene were motivated by a range of biotic and abiotic resources, and different modes of occupation, which tended to become diversified in the long term; nevertheless, they retained a common base in vicuña hunting and obsidian procurement, circulation and exchange.
Global burden of type 2 diabetes in adolescents from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Luo Juan , Hou Jiahui , Yi Jinglin , Li Langbo , Zhao Xinlan
Published: July 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adolescents (15–24 years old) from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of adolescents were analyzed according to age, sex, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was estimated to quantify the trends.

Results

From 1990 to 2019, the ASIR (EAPC = 1.07) and age-standardized DALY rate (EAPC = 2.01) of T2D in adolescents showed an increasing trend. The ASIR was higher in males than in females. The burden was greater in the 20–24-year age group. Of the five SDI regions, the highest ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate were found in low-middle-SDI regions, while the greatest increase in these rates was observed in high-SDI regions (EAPC = 3.28 and 3.55, respectively). Of the 21 regions analyzed, the highest ASIR and age-standardized DALY rate were found in Oceania. Of the 204 countries analyzed, the Marshall Islands (651.16) and Kiribati (277.42) had the highest ASIR and DALYs, respectively. The regions with the greatest increase in the ASIR from 1990 to 2019 were Western Europe (EAPC = 4.15), high-income North America (EAPC = 4.72).

Conclusions

The global burden of T2D in adolescents showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2019. It is necessary to strengthen prevention measures related to risk factors for T2D among young people, especially in areas with a low-to-medium SDI.
What affected the vitality of high-speed rail station areas? A case study of Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration, China
Authors: Yang Xian , Yu Yang , Peng Panyu , Liu Chong
Published: July 2024

With the rapid expansion of high-speed rail (HSR), the HSR station areas are often the key development areas of the cities and the gateways to display the cities’ image. However, the problem of lack of vitality in these areas has emerged. Limited studies have quantified the vitality of HSR station areas and examined the factors influencing it. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of various factors on the vitality of HSR station areas. To accomplish this objective, we propose a method for measuring the vitality of HSR station areas using Baidu’s real-time user density data. We demonstrate the method through the case study of 91 HSR station areas in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration in China. We construct structural equation models using a Bayesian approach to test the effects of intercity accessibility, intracity accessibility, surrounding area density, and local socio-economic development on the vitality of HSR station areas. The results show that (1) Intracity accessibility, surrounding area density, and local socioeconomic development have significant positive effects on the vitality density of HSR station areas. Intercity accessibility has a negative effect on the vitality density of HSR station areas. (2) Surrounding area density positively influences the stability of weekday and weekend vitality in HSR station areas. Local socio-economic development negatively impacts the stability of weekend vitality in HSR station areas. (3) High-vitality HSR station areas are mostly located in Chengdu and Chongqing, both megacities. Station areas with low vitality are primarily located in small cities. This study’s findings can be used to guide the planning and decision-making of HSR station areas aimed at enhancing their vitality.
Differential tumor immune microenvironment coupled with tumor progression or tumor eradication in HPV-antigen expressing squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) models
Authors: Shivarudrappa Arpitha H. , John Jessy , Vashisht Monika , Ge Huaibin , Liu Silvia , Chen Jingxin , Siddoway Karen , Dong Rui , Chen Zhangguo , Wang Jing H.
Published: July 2024

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is an etiological factor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To investigate the role of HPV antigen in anti-tumor immunity, we established mouse models by expressing HPV16 E6 and E7 in a SCC tumor cell line. We obtained two HPV antigen-expressing clones (C-225 and C-100) transplantable into C57BL/6 recipients. We found that C-225 elicited complete eradication in C57BL/6 mice (eradicated), whereas C-100 grew progressively (growing). We examined immune tumor microenvironment (TME) using flow cytometry and found that eradicated or growing tumors exhibited differential immune profiles that may influence the outcome of anti-tumor immunity. Surprisingly, the percentage of CD8 and CD4 tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was much higher in growing (C-100) than eradicated (C-225) tumor. However, the TILs upregulated PD-1 and LAG-3 more potently and exhibited impaired effector functions in growing tumor compared to their counterparts in eradicated tumor. C-225 TME is highly enriched with myeloid cells, especially polymorphonuclear (PMN) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), whereas the percentage of M-MDSC and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was much higher in C-100 TME, especially M2-TAMs (CD206+). The complete eradication of C-225 depended on CD8 T cells and elicited anti-tumor memory responses upon secondary tumor challenge. We employed DNA sequencing to identify differences in the T cell receptor of peripheral blood lymphocytes pre- and post-secondary tumor challenge. Lastly, C-225 and C-100 tumor lines harbored different somatic mutations. Overall, we uncovered differential immune TME that may underlie the divergent outcomes of anti-tumor immunity by establishing two SCC tumor lines, both of which express HPV16 E6 and E7 antigens. Our experimental models may provide a platform for pinpointing tumor-intrinsic versus host-intrinsic differences in orchestrating an immunosuppressive TME in HNSCCs and for identifying new targets that render tumor cells vulnerable to immune attack.
Novel biomarkers for prediction of atonic postpartum hemorrhage among ‘low-risk’ women in labor
Authors: Zhang Pei , Jia Yanju , Song Hui , Fan Yifan , Lv Yan , Geng Hao , Zhao Ying , Cui Hongyan , Chen Xu
Published: July 2024

Background

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the primary cause of maternal mortality globally, with uterine atony being the predominant contributing factor. However, accurate prediction of PPH in the general population remains challenging due to a lack of reliable biomarkers.

Methods

Using retrospective cohort data, we quantified 48 cytokines in plasma samples from 40 women diagnosed with PPH caused by uterine atony. We also analyzed previously reported hemogram and coagulation parameters related to inflammatory response. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic regression were applied to develop predictive models. Established models were further evaluated and temporally validated in a prospective cohort.

Results

Fourteen factors showed significant differences between the two groups, among which IL2Rα, IL9, MIP1β, TNFβ, CTACK, prenatal Hb, Lymph%, PLR, and LnSII were selected by LASSO to construct predictive model A. Further, by logistic regression, model B was constructed using prenatal Hb, PLR, IL2Rα, and IL9. The area under the curve (AUC) values of model A in the training set, internal validation set, and temporal validation set were 0.846 (0.757–0.934), 0.846 (0.749–0.930), and 0.875 (0.789–0.961), respectively. And the corresponding AUC values for model B were 0.805 (0.709–0.901), 0.805 (0.701–0.894), and 0.901 (0.824–0.979). Decision curve analysis results showed that both nomograms had a high net benefit for predicting atonic PPH.

Conclusion

We identified novel biomarkers and developed predictive models for atonic PPH in women undergoing “low-risk” vaginal delivery, providing immunological insights for further exploration of the mechanism underlying atonic PPH.
Dysregulated complement activation during acute myocardial infarction leads to endothelial glycocalyx degradation and endothelial dysfunction via the C5a:C5a-Receptor1 axis
Authors: Vahldieck Carl , Löning Samuel , Hamacher Constantin , Fels Benedikt , Rudzewski Bettina , Nickel Laura , Weil Joachim , Nording Henry , Baron Lasse , Kleingarn Marie , Karsten Christian Marcel , Kusche-Vihrog Kristina
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Complement-mediated damage to the myocardium during acute myocardial infarction (AMI), particularly the late components of the terminal pathway (C5-convertase and C5b-9), have previously been characterized. Unfortunately, only few studies have reported a direct association between dysregulated complement activation and endothelial function. Hence, little attention has been paid to the role of the anaphylatoxin C5a. The endothelial glycocalyx (eGC) together with the cellular actin cortex provide a vasoprotective barrier against chronic vascular inflammation. Changes in their nanomechanical properties (stiffness and height) are recognized as hallmarks of endothelial dysfunction as they correlate with the bioavailability of vasoactive substances, such as nitric oxide (NO). Here, we determined how the C5a:C5aR1 axis affects the eGC and endothelial function in AMI.

Methods

Samples of fifty-five patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) vs. healthy controls were analyzed in this study. eGC components and C5a levels were determined via ELISA; NO levels were quantified chemiluminescence-based. Endothelial cells were stimulated with C5a or patient sera (with/without C5a-receptor1 antagonist “PMX53”) and the nanomechanical properties of eGC quantified using the atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanoindentation technique. To measure actin cytoskeletal tension regulator activation (RhoA and Rac1) G-LISA assays were applied. Vascular inflammation was examined by quantifying monocyte-endothelium interaction via AFM-based single-cell-force spectroscopy.

Results

Serum concentrations of eGC components and C5a were significantly increased during STEMI. Serum and solely C5a stimulation decreased eGC height and stiffness, indicating shedding of the eGC. C5a enhanced RhoA activation, resulting in increased cortical stiffness with subsequent reduction in NO concentrations. Monocyte adhesion to the endothelium was enhanced after both C5a and stimulation with STEMI serum. eGC degradation- and RhoA-induced cortical stiffening with subsequent endothelial dysfunction were attenuated after administering PMX53.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that dysregulated C5a activation during AMI results in eGC damage with subsequent endothelial dysfunction and reduced NO bioavailability, indicating progressively developing vascular inflammation. This could be prevented by antagonizing C5aR1, highlighting the role of the C5a:C5a-Receptor1 axis in vascular inflammation development and endothelial dysfunction in AMI, offering new therapeutic approaches for future investigations.
Neoantigens in cancer immunotherapy: focusing on alternative splicing
Authors: Huang Peng , Wen Feng , Tuerhong Nuerye , Yang Yang , Li Qiu
Published: July 2024

Alternative splicing (AS) functions as a crucial program in transcriptional modulation, leading to proteomic diversity and functional alterations of proteins. These splicing actions induce various neoantigens that hold prognostic significance and contribute to various aspects of cancer progression, including immune responses against cancer. The advent of immunotherapy has remarkably revolutionized tumor therapy. In this regard, AS-derived neoantigens are potent targets for cancer vaccines and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies. In this review, we outline that AS-derived neoantigens serve as promising immunotherapeutic targets and guide immunotherapy strategies. This evidence contributes to a deeper comprehension of the complexity of proteomic diversity and provides novel perspectives and techniques for precision medicine in immunotherapy. Moreover, we underscore the obstacles that are awaited to be addressed for this novel approach to become clinically applicable.
Reflections on the past, present, and potential futures of knowledge hierarchies in ocean biodiversity governance research
Authors: Niner Holly J. , Wilson David , Hoareau Kelly , Strand Mia , Whittingham Jennifer , McGarry Dylan , Erinosho Bolanle , Ibrahim Sulley , Tshiningayamwe Sirkka , Febrica Senia , Lancaster Alana Malinde S. N. , Prokic Milica
Published: July 2024

Governance of the ocean and its biodiversity is deeply entangled within social, political and cultural histories. The evolution of marine science has been subject to similar influences, and we (the authors) consider these factors to create, embed and reinforce knowledge hierarchies in ocean governance processes and associated research that set societal patterns of prioritisation and exclusion. Such knowledge hierarchies have constructed dominant Western-oriented knowledge systems as ‘rational’ and ‘objective’ approaches to environmental governance in contrast to non-Western knowledge systems and have led to a dominance of natural (normal) sciences over centralised biodiversity governance. The extraction and incorporation of traditional knowledge into the Western-oriented scientific canon through myriad historical and contemporary processes in ocean biodiversity governance often reproduce knowledge hierarchies, do not benefit knowledge holders and are often considered incomplete, inappropriate or absent. As we address current ocean biodiversity and conservation challenges, researchers must be aware of the history of knowledge extraction, impositions and assumptions within their fields. Researchers must also actively acknowledge and address these histories in their work to avoid marginalisation and support ethical, empathetic, and rigorous knowledge production that meets the needs of society. In this paper, through a development of the concept of knowledge hierarchies, we explore case studies of research diverse in geography and discipline ranging from action research in Namibia, the application of arts-based methodologies in legal proceedings to research focused at an international level, and the concept of ocean literacies, all of which are located under the umbrella of a project specifically targeting transformative ocean governance. It becomes evident that knowledge hierarchies are multi-layered, perpetuating, and often reproduced even when attempting to address hierarchies through such methods as the integration or ‘bringing together’ of diverse knowledge systems. Effective change will therefore require sensitive and multi-faceted approaches to knowledge hierarchies, including processes of embracing discomfort, which will be important to work with, as well as through. While there will be continued tensions between hierarchies, it is a sine qua non that researchers need to build a commitment to understanding where powers lie, rather than ignoring such imbalances or, similarly, by idealising approaches.
Anoxygenic photosynthesis with emphasis on green sulfur bacteria and a perspective for hydrogen sulfide detoxification of anoxic environments
Authors: Kushkevych Ivan , Procházka Vít , Vítězová Monika , Dordević Dani , Abd El-Salam Mohamed , Rittmann Simon K.-M. R.
Published: July 2024

The bacterial light-dependent energy metabolism can be divided into two types: oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis. Bacterial oxygenic photosynthesis is similar to plants and is characteristic for cyanobacteria. Bacterial anoxygenic photosynthesis is performed by anoxygenic phototrophs, especially green sulfur bacteria (GSB; family Chlorobiaceae) and purple sulfur bacteria (PSB; family Chromatiaceae). In anoxygenic photosynthesis, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is used as the main electron donor, which differs from plants or cyanobacteria where water is the main source of electrons. This review mainly focuses on the microbiology of GSB, which may be found in water or soil ecosystems where H2S is abundant. GSB oxidize H2S to elemental sulfur. GSB possess special structures—chlorosomes—wherein photosynthetic pigments are located. Chlorosomes are vesicles that are surrounded by a lipid monolayer that serve as light-collecting antennas. The carbon source of GSB is carbon dioxide, which is assimilated through the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. Our review provides a thorough introduction to the comparative eco-physiology of GSB and discusses selected application possibilities of anoxygenic phototrophs in the fields of environmental management, bioremediation, and biotechnology.