bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational Modulation of Single Atom Coordination Microenvironments in a BCN Monolayer for Multifunctional Electrocatalysis
Authors: He Tianwei , Kong Youchao , Zhou Tong , Zhang Jin , Santiago Alain R. Puente , Du Aijun , Luque Rafael , Liu Qingju
Published: July 2023

Single‐atom (SA) catalysts (SACs) have demonstrated outstanding catalytic performances toward plenty of relevant electrochemical reactions. Nevertheless, controlling the coordination microenvironment of catalytically active SAs to further enhance their catalytic oerformences has remained elusive up to now. Herein, a systematic investigation of 20 transition metal atoms that are coordinated with 20 different microenvironments in a boroncarbon‐nitride monolayer (BCN) is conducted using high‐throughput density functional theory calculations. The experimentally synthesized ternary BCN monolayer contains carbon, nitrogen, and boron atoms in its 2D network, thus providing a lot of new coordination environments than those of the current CxNy nanoplatforms. By exploring the structural/electrochemical stability, catalytic activity, selectivity, and electronic properties of 400 (20 × 20) TM‐BCN moieties, it is discovered that specific SA coordination environments can achieve superior stability and selectivity for different electrocatalytic reactions. Moreover, a universal descriptor to accelerate the experimental process toward the synthesis of BCN‐SACs is reported. These findings not only provide useful guidance for the synthesis of efficient multifunctional BCN‐SACs but also will immediately benefit researchers by levering up their understanding of the mechanistic effects of SA coordination microenvironments on electrocatalytic reactions.
Mild Methane Electrochemical Oxidation Boosted via Plasma Pre‐Activation
Authors: Sun Xiaogang , Wang Pengtang , Davey Kenneth , Zheng Yao , Qiao Shi‐Zhang
Published: July 2023

Obtaining partial methane oxidation reaction (MOR) with various oxygenates via a mild electrochemical method is practically difficult because of activation of stable C─H bond and consequent reaction pathway regulation. Here, a real‐time tandem MOR with cascaded plasma and electrocatalysis to activate and convert the methane (CH4) synergistically is reported for the first time. Boosted CH4 conversion is demonstrated toward value‐added products including, alcohols, carboxylates, and ketone via use of commercial Pd‐based electrocatalysts. Compared with hash industrial processes, a mild condition, that is, anode potential < 1.0 V versus RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) is used that mitigates overoxidation of oxygenates and obviates competing reaction(s). One evidence that Pd(II) sites and surface adsorbed hydroxyls are important in facilitating activated‐CH4 species conversion, and establish a reaction mechanism for conversion(s) that involves coupling reactions between adsorbed hydroxyls, carbon monoxide and C1/C2 alkyls. One conclude that pre‐activation is important in boosting electrochemical partial MOR under mild conditions and will be of benefit in the development of sustainable CH4 conversion technology.
Axial Chlorine Induced Electron Delocalization in Atomically Dispersed FeN4 Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction with Improved Hydrogen Peroxide Tolerance
Authors: Sabhapathy Palani , Raghunath Puttikam , Sabbah Amr , Shown Indrajit , Bayikadi Khasim Saheb , Xie Rui‐Kun , Krishnamoorthy Vimal , Lin Ming‐Chang , Chen Kuei‐Hsien , Chen Li‐Chyong
Published: July 2023

Atomically dispersed iron sites on nitrogen‐doped carbon (Fe‐NC) are the most active Pt‐group‐metal‐free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, due to oxidative corrosion and the Fenton reaction, Fe‐NC catalysts are insufficiently active and stable. Herein, w e demonstrated that the axial Cl‐modified Fe‐NC (Cl‐Fe‐NC) electrocatalyst is active and stable for the ORR in acidic conditions with high H2O2 tolerance. The Cl‐Fe‐NC exhibits excellent ORR activity, with a high half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.82 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), comparable to Pt/C (E1/2 = 0.85 V versus RHE) and better than Fe‐NC (E1/2 = 0.79 V versus RHE). X‐ray absorption spectroscopy analysis confirms that chlorine is axially integrated into the FeN4. More interestingly, compared to Fe‐NC, the Fenton reaction is markedly suppressed in Cl‐Fe‐NC. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that Cl‐Fe‐NC provides efficient electron transfer and faster reaction kinetics than Fe‐NC. Density functional theory calculations reveal that incorporating Cl into FeN4 can drive the electron density delocalization of the FeN4 site, leading to a moderate adsorption free energy of OH* (∆GOH*), d‐band center, and a high onset potential, and promotes the direct four‐electron‐transfer ORR with weak H2O2 binding ability compared to Cl‐free FeN4, indicating superior intrinsic ORR activity.
A Cross‐Plane Design for Wearable Thermoelectric Generators with High Stretchability and Output Performance
Authors: Yang Jing , Pu Yi , Yu Hui , Ye Dong‐dong , Liu Xi , Xin John H.
Published: July 2023

Stretchable wearable thermoelectric (TE) generators (WTEGs) without compromising output performance for real wearables have attracted much attention recently. Herein, a 3D thermoelectric generator with biaxial stretchability is constructed on the device level. Ultraflexible inorganic Ag/Ag2Se strips are sewn into the soft purl‐knit fabric, in which the thermoelectric legs are aligned in the direction of vertical heat flux. A stable and sufficient temperature gradient of 5.2 °C across the WTEG is therefore achieved when contacted with the wrist at a room temperature of 26.3 °C. The prepared TEG generates a high power density of 10.02 W m−2 at a vertical temperature gradient of 40 K. Meanwhile, the reliable energy harvesting promises a variation of less than 10% under the biaxial stretching up to 70% strain via leveraging the combined effects of the stretchability of knit fabric and geometry of TE strips. The knit fabric‐supported TEG enables a seamless conformation to the skin as well as efficient body heat harvesting, which can provide sustainable energy to low power consumption wearable electronics.
A robust and secure user authentication scheme based on multifactor and multi‐gateway in IoT enabled sensor networks
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Singh Samayveer , Singh Deepti , Kumar Mohit , Gill Sukhpal Singh
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things (IoT) enabled wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect data from various nodes in hostile environments, but it is essential to authenticate legitimate nodes to prevent malicious attacks. Traditional authentication schemes may be vulnerable to attack, necessitating the development of more secure authentication techniques. To address this problem, we propose a novel authentication technique for multi‐gateway IoT‐enabled WSNs that achieves effective and secure data communication. The proposed scheme is based on biological information, hash, and XOR operations, which reduce computational costs. Passwords, biometric information, and session keys are updated securely to maintain forward and backward secrecy during communication. We provide an informal security analysis of the proposed scheme and a formal security analysis of the session key using the real‐or‐random (ROR) model. We also use the AVISPA simulation toolkit to verify the proposed user authentication scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme is more effective than previous multi‐factor multi‐gateway authentication protocols.
Confinement effect of two‐way beam‐and‐slab system on the effective compressive strength of interior concrete columns
Authors: Prado Fabio Selleio , Meneghetti Leila Cristina , Stucchi Fernando Rebouças
Published: July 2023

Multistory concrete buildings may resort to the strategy to cast columns and slabs with high and normal compressive concrete strength, respectively. Current design codes propose expressions to specify the effective compressive strength of interior columns confined only by flat slabs or beams with the same width as the column. However, when thin slabs and narrower beams are used, the confinement may not be enough to increase the lateral stress. The structural behavior of these interior columns is investigated in this paper using numerical nonlinear models. The influence of concrete strength column‐slab ratio, the steel reinforcement ratio of the column and the beam, beam height and the column width ratio and the biggest dimension of the column's cross section were tested with and without vertical load on the beam. The results were compared with expressions found in the literature.
Cyber oriented digital engineering
Authors: Mitola Joseph , Prys Mark
Published: July 2023

The purpose of cyber oriented digital engineering (CODE) is to provide a repeatable systems‐engineering process for systems to resist Stuxnet‐class advanced persistent threat (APT) cyberattacks. CODE integrates cyber thinking with systems thinking. CODE accomplishes this by extending the US Department of Defense (DoD) digital engineering (DE) framework with functional mission analysis for cyber (FMA‐C), hybrid cloud architecture, zero trust (ZT) principles, threat analysis, and hardware cyber hardening (HCH). The lack of success of red team attacks conducted in our laboratory against an exemplar system demonstrates how following the CODE systems engineering process actually does “bake cybersecurity into the system”, making the resulting systems architecture and implementations more resilient. In a recent Pilot Project, CODE enhanced the systems requirements document of the top left side of the systems engineering Vee. CODE Pilot requirements embodied ZT principles, including machine to machine (M2M) credential exchanges and internal self‐checking. We anticipate working with International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE), the object management group (OMG,) and others towards standardizing CODE's cyber‐systems engineering processes for broader use of the global systems engineering community.
Neo‐Nationalist Discourses and Teacher Identity Tensions in a Telecollaboration for Teachers of Minoritized Language Learners in Türkiye
Authors: Yazan Bedrettin , Turnbull John , Uzum Baburhan , Akayoglu Sedat
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we focus on the situatedness of teacher identity and agency within sociopolitical contexts dominated by neo‐nationalist discourses and rely on data from online conversations among preservice and in‐service teachers of English in Türkiye and the United States (US). We report on data constructed in a telecollaboration (a.k.a., virtual intercultural exchange) that we, four TESOL teacher educators, designed for teachers to discuss issues of social justice (particularly for minoritized immigrant students) and to have a discursive and experiential space in which to negotiate their language teacher identities (LTI). Gathering 117 teachers from five universities (three in Türkiye, two in the US) and underserved school districts in both contexts, this telecollaboration is our pedagogical, agentive response to dominant neo‐nationalist discourses in the two countries. To make quantities of data more manageable, we analyze interactions from one‐third of those 117 participants (five of 15 small groups) to address this research question: How do preservice and in‐service teachers from Türkiye construct their teacher identities in response to neo‐nationalist discourses in their sociopolitical context? In particular, how do they engage in this identity work through asynchronous small‐group discussions in a social justice‐focused telecollaboration with teachers from the US? Findings indicate that participants from Türkiye discussed teacher agency, conservatism and cultural difference in the society, and discrimination/xenophobia against refugees as important factors that shape their work with minoritized English language learners. They experienced tensions in their identity construction between their desire to advocate for their students and the external forces coming from meso‐ and macro‐level policies that impact their instruction and assessment procedures. We discuss our findings in relation to previous research on language teacher identity and social justice in sociopolitical contexts shaped by neo‐nationalist discourses. We also share the implications of our study for pedagogizing identity in teacher education.
“This is our country, too”: Embodied Experiences of and Resistance to Neo‐nationalism in a Midwest School District
Authors: Stephens Crissa
Published: July 2023

Nationalist rhetoric is not new to the US political context of transnational migration (Johnson et al., 2018). However, the election cycle of 2016 amplified nationalist rhetoric and policy in new public spaces, including schools and classrooms. In this article, I analyze neo‐nationalist discourse as voiced by the Trump Administration in and adjacent to language classrooms and general education classrooms in a predominantly White, Midwestern school district with growing demographics of students designated as English Language Learners (ELLs). Using intertextual and interdiscursive analysis (Fairclough, 1992) and embodied sociolinguistics (Bucholtz & Hall, 2016), I trace how neo‐nationalist discourses entered the classrooms, homes, and, I argue, bodies of newly arrived, racialized, documented, and undocumented immigrant students. I demonstrate how such rhetoric and policy provoked physical manifestations of trauma coupled with resistance, showing how the circulation of neo‐nationalist ideas contributed to ideological constructions of immigrant student and family identities along lines of race, immigration status, and language. Based on my findings, I center participants' lived knowledge and goals to argue that these moments demand response in schools and language education classrooms and offer implications for research, policy, and practice.
Molecular imaging of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Huang Wei , Huang Gang , An Shuxian , Liu Jianjun
Published: July 2023

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a deadly cancer characterized by multiple molecular alterations, remains the most lethal cancer, with a 5‐year survival rate of about 3–15%. Early diagnosis and treatment monitoring are essential to improve patient survival. Traditional imaging methods can only provide structural information, but not biological processes. Nuclear medicine imaging combines the high sensitivity of radionuclides with high‐resolution structural imaging to visualize specific targets of PDAC for more accurate and reliable diagnosis and monitoring of therapeutic responses. In this review, we summarize the available literature regarding molecular nuclear medicine imaging in PDAC. We classify the probe targets into two categories, targeting tumor cell membranous and the tumor microenvironment, respectively. We summarize the latest evidence in this field and outline how these emerging strategies could potentially optimize clinical practice.
Petrogenesis of the Mesoarchaean Stella layered intrusion, South Africa: implications for the origin of PGE reefs in the upper portion of layered intrusions
Authors: Maier Wolfgang D , Barnes Sarah-Jane , Smith William D
Published: July 2023

The ~3033 Ma Stella layered intrusion is hosted by supracrustal rocks of the Kraaipan–Madibe greenstone terrane, South Africa. The studied portion of the intrusion consists mainly of magnetite leucogabbro and magnetite anorthosite, as well as several massive magnetite layers. The intrusion hosts a laterally continuous, ~60-m-thick, PGE mineralized interval, with total resources amounting to 108t Pt + Pd + Au, constituting one of the oldest known PGE reef-style mineralizations on Earth. The richest reef, with a grade of 4.4 ppm Pt+Pd over a width of 5–8 m, occurs in semi-massive magnetitite. It is suggested that the mineralized oxide and silicate layers formed through a combination of primary magmatic, late magmatic, and hydrothermal processes, including granular flow and phase sorting of a magnetite- and sulfide-bearing gabbroic crystal mush that crystallized from a tholeiitic basalt, as well as remobilization of S and metals by late magmatic and hydrothermal fluids that led to crystallization of platinum-group minerals.
Prophylaxe von Beckenbodenschäden
Authors: Kimmich Nina
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund

Der Wunsch schwangerer Frauen nach Erhalt ihrer Beckenbodenfunktion im Rahmen vaginaler Geburten ist groß, zumal Beckenbodentraumata mit einer hohen Rate physischer und psychosozialer Belastungen bis hin zur posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung einhergehen.

Ziel der Arbeit

Darstellung der Risikofaktoren für eine Beeinträchtigung der Beckenbodenfunktion und Herausarbeitung möglicher evidenzbasierter protektiver Maßnahmen im Rahmen vaginaler Geburten.

Material und Methoden

Literaturrecherche in der Online-Datenbank Pubmed.

Ergebnisse

Schwangerschaft und Geburt sind Hauptrisikofaktoren für Beckenbodenschäden. Im Rahmen einer vaginalen Geburt können die Geburtsmechanik und der Geburtsverlauf jedoch bis zu einem gewissen Grad durch verschiedene evidenzbasierte Maßnahmen im Sinne einer Primärprävention positiv beeinflusst werden.

Schlussfolgerungen

Aufgrund z. T. eingeschränkter therapeutischer Möglichkeiten, v. a. hinsichtlich Levatoravulsionen oder -überdehnungen, kommt der Prophylaxe von Beckenbodenschäden peripartal eine besondere Rolle zu. Es empfiehlt sich eine gezielte und effektive Selektion solcher Frauen, deren Grundvoraussetzungen für eine beckenbodenschonende Geburt eher suboptimal erscheinen. Mit diesen Frauen kann großzügig die Möglichkeit einer primären Sectio caesarea besprochen werden. Bei allen anderen Frauen empfiehlt sich die Anwendung der beschriebenen evidenzbasierten Maßnahmen zur Primärprophylaxe von Beckenbodenschäden.
Aspects of potential vorticity circulation in the Northern Hemisphere: climatology and variation
Authors: Sheng Chen , Wu Guoxiong , He Bian , Liu Yimin
Published: July 2023

This study revisits the concept of potential vorticity (PV) circulation (PVC) and presents new findings. Results suggest that PVC can cross the isentropic surface. The gross PV in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) depends solely on the total flux of PVC crossing the atmospheric upper boundary, bottom, and cross-section along the equator. In terms of climate, the cross-upper boundary PVC flux is critical for forming the positive basic state of the gross PV in the NH. In terms of variation, a cancelation intrinsically rooted in the PV dynamics between the cross-upper boundary PVC flux and cross-equator PVC flux means that the NH’s gross PV anomaly is largely determined by the cross-bottom PVC flux. Further analysis sheds light on a seminal atmospheric process in which anomalous PVC inflowing from the NH’s upper boundary outflows from the cross-section along the equator and vice versa. An analysis of the quasi-biennial oscillation verifies the process. All results imply that the PVC is a novel tool for examining the interaction between the upper and lower levels of the atmosphere and the interaction between hemispheres.
Prospects for meteotsunami detection in earth’s atmosphere using GNSS observations
Authors: Vergados Panagiotis , Krishnamoorthy Siddharth , Martire Léo , Mrak Sebastijan , Komjáthy Attila , Morton Yu T. Jade , Vilibić Ivica
Published: July 2023

We study, for the first time, the physical coupling and detectability of meteotsunamis in the earth’s atmosphere. We study the June 13, 2013 event off the US East Coast using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) measurements, Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) temperatures, and ground-based GNSS ionospheric total electron content (TEC) observations. Hypothesizing that meteotsunamis also generate gravity waves (GWs), similar to tsunamigenic earthquakes, we use linear GW theory to trace their dynamic coupling in the atmosphere by comparing theory with observations. We find that RO data exhibit distinct stratospheric GW activity at near-field that is captured by SABER data in the mesosphere with increased vertical wavelength. Ground-based GNSS-TEC data also detect a far-field ionospheric response 9 h later, as expected by GW theory. We conclude that RO measurements could increase understanding of meteotsunamis and how they couple with the earth’s atmosphere, augmenting ground-based GNSS TEC observations.
Dynamic connectivity analyses to inform management of the invasive American mink and its native competitor, the European mink
Authors: Goicolea Teresa , Lewison Rebecca L. , Mateo-Sánchez M. Cruz , Jennings Megan K.
Published: July 2023

Forecasting habitat suitability and connectivity can be central to both controlling range expansion of invasive species and promoting native species conservation, especially under changing climate conditions. This study aimed to identify and prioritize areas in Spain to control the expansion of one of the most harmful invasive species in Europe, the American mink, while conserving its counterpart, the endangered European mink, under current and future conditions. We used ensemble habitat suitability and dynamic connectivity models to predict species ranges and movement routes considering likely climate change under three emission scenarios. Then, using habitat availability metrics, we prioritized areas for invasive mink control and native mink conservation and classified them into different management zones that reflected the overlap between species and threat from American to European minks. Results suggest that both species are likely to experience declines in habitat and connectivity under climate change scenarios with significantly larger declines by the end of the century for European minks (72 and 80% respectively) than for American minks (41 and 32%). Priority areas for management of both species varied over time and across emission scenarios, with a general shift in priority habitat towards the North-East of the study area. Our findings demonstrate how habitat suitability and dynamic connectivity approaches can guide long-term management strategies to control invasive species and conserve native species while accounting for likely landscape changes. The simultaneous study of both invasive and native species can support prioritized management action and inform management planning of the intensity, extent, and techniques of intervention depending on the overlap between species.
Childhood Experiences of Alternative Care and Callousness/Unemotionality: A Conceptual Model, Scoping Review, and Research Agenda
Authors: Pasalich Dave S. , Aquilina Benjamin , Hassall Alison , Goulter Natalie , Xyrakis Nakiya , Khoo Anderson
Published: July 2023

Individuals with experiences of alternative care (AC; i.e., out-of-home care and institutional care) are at high risk for various mental health and relational problems stemming from exposure to serious attachment disruptions, loss, and complex trauma. Yet, despite the interpersonal context of their significant adversities, surprisingly there is scant research explicitly focusing on callousness/unemotionality (e.g., lack of guilt, callous disregard for others) in this population. This paper provides the first conceptual model for, and systematic scoping review of, callousness/unemotionality in children and young people with experiences of AC. In a comprehensive search of nine databases, 22 articles involving samples of participants in AC or with histories of AC, were identified for inclusion. The pattern of findings revealed that callous-unemotional and psychopathic traits are elevated in children and young people with AC experiences, and positively associated with AC. Moreover, results showed associations between these traits and various psychosocial correlates, most consistently with externalizing and internalizing problems and attachment-related problems. Only two intervention studies were located, one of which found benefits of training and supporting foster caregivers for reducing callous-unemotional traits. These findings are discussed with respect to gaps in the literature, future research directions, and trauma-informed practice to assess and treat callousness/unemotionality in children and young people with experiences of AC.
The Feasibility and the Therapeutic Process Factors of Online vs. Face-to-Face Multifamily Therapy for Adults with High-Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder in Hong Kong: A Multi-Method Study
Authors: Lo Julia W. K. , Ma Joyce L. C. , Wong Joanne C. Y.
Published: July 2023

The need to expand knowledge of family-based intervention for people with ASD has been observed. However, there is a lack of study in Chinese context such as Hong Kong exploring the use of multifamily therapy (MFT) for adults with ASD. The primary aim of the present study is to assess the feasibility of a process-oriented MFT in promoting family relationships for young adults with high functioning-ASD (HF-ASD) and their parents. We also sought to explore the therapeutic process factors of MFT that were deemed helpful by the family participants in our study. Two types of MFT—one online, the other face-to-face—were conducted from March to August 2021 for families with adults with HF-ASD in Hong Kong. In total, 13 families participated in our multi-method study. Among the results, cross-family therapeutic alliance and treatment engagement were positively associated with enhanced family relationships among participants. Significant differences emerged in changes in the cross-family therapeutic alliance and family relationships between the online and face-to-face MFTs. Two themes regarding the helpful aspects of MFT emerged: first, having a cross-family interactional context and, second, the authentic engagement of people with HF-ASD. Overall, our results imply that MFT, in either online or face-to-face mode, could be a feasible family group psychotherapy for adults with HF-ASD and their parents.
Smart Caching in a Data Lake for High Energy Physics Analysis
Authors: Tedeschi Tommaso , Baioletti Marco , Ciangottini Diego , Poggioni Valentina , Spiga Daniele , Storchi Loriano , Tracolli Mirco
Published: July 2023

The continuous growth of data production in almost all scientific areas raises new problems in data access and management, especially in a scenario where the end-users, as well as the resources that they can access, are worldwide distributed. This work is focused on the data caching management in a Data Lake infrastructure in the context of the High Energy Physics field. We are proposing an autonomous method, based on Reinforcement Learning techniques, to improve the user experience and to contain the maintenance costs of the infrastructure.
Finding Similarities in Differences Between Autistic Adults: Two Replicated Subgroups
Authors: Radhoe Tulsi A. , Agelink van Rentergem Joost A. , Torenvliet Carolien , Groenman Annabeth P. , van der Putten Wikke J. , Geurts Hilde M.
Published: July 2023

Autism is heterogeneous, which complicates providing tailored support and future prospects. We aim to identify subgroups in autistic adults with average to high intelligence, to clarify if certain subgroups might need support. We included 14 questionnaire variables related to aging and/or autism (e.g., demographic, psychological, and lifestyle). Community detection analysis was used for subgroup identification in an original sample of 114 autistic adults with an adulthood diagnosis (autism) and 58 non-autistic adults as comparison group (COMP), and a replication sample (NAutism = 261; NCOMP = 287), both aged 30–89 years. Next, we identified subgroups and assessed external validity (for cognitive and psychological difficulties, and quality of life [QoL]) in the autism samples. To test specificity, we repeated the analysis after adding 123 adults with ADHD, aged 30–80 years. As expected, the autism and COMP groups formed distinct subgroups. Among autistic adults, we identified three subgroups of which two were replicated. One of these subgroups seemed most vulnerable on the cluster variables; this subgroup also reported the most cognitive and psychological difficulties, and lowest QoL. Adding the ADHD group did not alter results. Within autistic adults, one subgroup could especially benefit from support and specialized care, although this must be tested in future studies.
HOT and Attractive? The Hazardous Organization Tool as an Instrument to Avoid Attracting and Retaining People with Low Ethical Standards
Authors: Wang Bo , Andrews Wendy , de Vries Reinout E.
Published: July 2023

To foster and sustain an ethical culture, organizations need to attract and retain people with high ethical standards. However, there is a lack of knowledge about which organizational characteristics influence the pre- and post-entry work attitudes and behaviors of people with high ethical standards. To fill this gap, we drew on person–organization fit (PO fit) theories and developed the Hazardous Organization Tool (HOT) based on a broad personality trait that is strongly related to ethical standards and predictive of unethical workplace behavior—honesty-humility from the HEXACO personality model. The HOT consists of 9 items that describe organizations that are rated as more attractive by people with low ethical standards. The HOT can be used to measure the extent to which people are attracted to hazardous organizations (HOT-A) and the extent to which people perceive an organization to be hazardous (HOT-P) with different instructions but identical scale options, ensuring commensurability for testing complex fit effects. We examined the validity of the HOT in four samples (total N = 1260). We found moderate to strong correlations between attractiveness ratings of the items (HOT-A) and honesty-humility (ranging from − .31 to − .56) and dark personality traits (ranging from .37 to .63). In addition, hazardous organization perceptions (HOT-P) were related to negative work attitudes and motivation, particularly for employees who were not attracted to hazardous organizations (those with high ethical standards). Overall, the current study suggests that the Hazardous Organization Tool is a valid measure. Implications for the PO fit literature and management practice are discussed.
Biocatalyst Based on Magnetic Nanoparticles with Cu(II), Mn(II), Zn(II) and Immobilised Catalase
Authors: Długosz Olga , Matyjasik Wiktoria , Matysik Julia , Szostak Krzysztof , Śliwa Paweł , Banach Marcin
Published: July 2023

This article described a process for the preparation of a Fe3O4 nanocatalyst modified with Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) ions immobilised with catalase. The effectiveness of the description of the ion sorption process was compared with four equilibrium models: Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich–Peterson and Sips. The proposed models allow the description of both single- and multi-component sorption. The results were also verified by DFT analysis. The Langmuir model describing single-component sorption and the extended Langmuir model for multi-component systems with the best fit represented the sorption of metal ions on Fe3O4. The maximum sorption capacity values in the pseudo-second-order kinetic model were 10.76, 12.87 and 10.52 mg/g for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) in the single-component systems and 11.79, 8.54 and 2.03 mg/g for Cu(II), Zn(II) and Mn(II) in the multi-component system, respectively. The kinetics parameters were described most accurately by a pseudo-second-order model, which suggested, along with the Extended Langmuir model, the chemical nature of the sorption. After preparation of the Fe3O4/Mn–Zn–Cu material, catalase was immobilised on the surface of the material. The final material was able to decompose hydrogen peroxide with an activity of 7130 units/g of material. Modification of the material with Mn(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) resulted in an increase in H2O2 removal efficiency exceeding 99.9%.
HPLC method development using a mixed-mode column for following 68Ga-radiolabeling
Authors: Forgács Viktória , Jószai István , Fekete Anikó , Szikra Dezső
Published: July 2023

The aim of our work was to develop a generally applicable liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the residue free 68Ga3+ content of labeling reaction mixtures, in order to facilitate comparative labeling experiments in the early stages of chelator development. We achieved the retention of free 68Ga3+ on a mixed mode cation exchanger HPLC column with a gradient program, which allowed the separation from the non-retained complexes. The effects of reaction conditions (time, temperature) and the application of non-coordinating buffers were examined. Furthermore, recovery of free 68Ga3+ and these complexes were investigated, values of which were 94.9–97.4% and 87.4–99.6%.
Fovea localization in retinal images using spatial color histograms
Authors: Sigut Jose , Nuñez Omar , Fumero Francisco , Alayon Silvia , Diaz-Aleman Tinguaro
Published: July 2023

The automatic location of the fovea is very useful for diagnosing retinal diseases. It is a complex problem for which different solutions have been proposed based on classical image processing and Deep Learning techniques. The method presented in this paper is based on histograms that combine spatial and color information in such a way that the spatial coordinates are incorporated into conventional color histograms as an additional dimension. The binarization of these histograms retains a considerable amount of relevant information from the original image, allowing them to be processed as if they were ordinary images. This approach to the problem results in a simple, fast and effective method for locating the fovea. Different experiments have been carried out with three popular sets of images: Messidor, REFUGE1 and DIARETDB1, and a comparison was made with other state-of-the-art techniques. Our results show that the proposed method, despite its simplicity, is capable of surpassing many of these techniques.
Predicting iron deficiency and oxidative stress in Glycine max through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in a time-course experiment
Authors: Santos Carla S. , Sousa Clara , Bagheri Maryam , Pinho Simão , Vasconcelos Marta W.
Published: July 2023

Aims

The excessive use of fertilizers is a problem in current agricultural systems, and sustainable farming practices, including precision agriculture, demand the use of new technologies to manage plant stress at an early stage. To sustainably manage iron (Fe) fertilization in agricultural fields, it is urgent to develop early detection methods for Fe deficiency, and linked oxidative stress, in plant leaves. Herein, the potential of using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for Fe deficiency and oxidative stress detection in soybean plants was evaluated.

Methods

After a period of two weeks of hydroponic growth under optimum conditions, soybean plants were grown under Fe-sufficient (Fe+) and Fe-deficient (Fe–) hydroponic conditions for four weeks. Sampling occurred every week, infrared (IR) spectra were acquired and biological parameters (total chlorophyll, anthocyanins and carotenoids concentration, and ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging ability), mineral concentrations, and the Fe-related genes’ expression - FRO2- and IRT1-like - were evaluated.

Results

Two weeks after imposing Fe deficiency, plants displayed decreased antioxidant activity, and increased expression levels of FRO2- and IRT1-like genes. Regarding the PLS models developed to estimate the biological parameters and mineral concentrations, satisfactory calibration models were globally obtained with R2C from 0.93 to 0.99. FTIR spectroscopy was also able to discriminate between Fe + and Fe– plants from an early stage of stress induction with 96.3% of correct assignments.

Conclusion

High reproducibility was observed among the different spectra of each sample and FTIR spectroscopy may be an early, non-invasive, cheap, and environmentally friendly technique for IDC management.
Application of radiomics and machine learning to thyroid diseases in nuclear medicine: a systematic review
Authors: Dondi Francesco , Gatta Roberto , Treglia Giorgio , Piccardo Arnoldo , Albano Domenico , Camoni Luca , Gatta Elisa , Cavadini Maria , Cappelli Carlo , Bertagna Francesco
Published: July 2023

Background: In the last years growing evidences on the role of radiomics and machine learning (ML) applied to different nuclear medicine imaging modalities for the assessment of thyroid diseases are starting to emerge. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to analyze the diagnostic performances of these technologies in this setting. Methods: A wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases was made in order to find relevant published articles about the role of radiomics or ML on nuclear medicine imaging for the evaluation of different thyroid diseases. Results: Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review. Radiomics and ML were applied for assessment of thyroid incidentalomas at 18 F-FDG PET, evaluation of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, assessment of thyroid cancer and classification of thyroid diseases using nuclear medicine techniques. Conclusion: Despite some intrinsic limitations of radiomics and ML may have affect the results of this review, these technologies seem to have a promising role in the assessment of thyroid diseases. Validation of preliminary findings in multicentric studies is needed to translate radiomics and ML approaches in the clinical setting.
Review on flexible perovskite photodetector: processing and applications
Authors: Zhang Xuning , Liu Xingyue , Huang Yifan , Sun Bo , Liu Zhiyong , Liao Guanglan , Shi Tielin
Published: July 2023

Next-generation optoelectronics should possess lightweight and flexible characteristics, thus conforming to various types of surfaces or human skins for portable and wearable applications. Flexible photodetectors as fundamental devices have been receiving increasing attention owing to their potential applications in artificial intelligence, aerospace industry, and wise information technology of 120, among which perovskite is a promising candidate as the light-harvesting material for its outstanding optical and electrical properties, remarkable mechanical flexibility, low-cost and low-temperature processing methods. To date, most of the reports have demonstrated the fabrication methods of the perovskite materials, materials engineering, applications in solar cells, light-emitting diodes, lasers, and photodetectors, strategies for device performance enhancement, few can be seen with a focus on the processing strategies of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors, which we will give a comprehensive summary, herein. To begin with, a brief introduction to the fabrication methods of perovskite (solution and vapor-based methods), device configurations (photovoltaic, photoconductor, and phototransistor), and performance parameters of the perovskite-based photodetectors are first arranged. Emphatically, processing strategies for photodetectors are presented following, including flexible substrates (i.e., polymer, carbon cloth, fiber, paper, etc.), soft electrodes (i.e., metal-based conductive networks, carbon-based conductive materials, and two-dimensional (2D) conductive materials, etc.), conformal encapsulation (single-layer and multilayer stacked encapsulation), low-dimensional perovskites (0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures), and elaborate device structures. Typical applications of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors such as optical communication, image sensing, and health monitoring are further exhibited to learn the flexible photodetectors on a deeper level. Challenges and future research directions of perovskite-based flexible photodetectors are proposed in the end. The purpose of this review is not only to shed light on the basic design principle of flexible photodetectors, but also to serve as the roadmap for further developments of flexible photodetectors and exploring their applications in the fields of industrial manufacturing, human life, and health care.
Occipital bone and tumor-induced osteomalacia: a rare tumor site for an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome
Authors: Colangelo Luciano , Sonato Chiara , Cipriani Cristiana , Pepe Jessica , Farinacci Giorgia , Palmisano Biagio , Occhiuto Marco , Riminucci Mara , Corsi Alessandro , Minisola Salvatore
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an uncommon paraneoplastic syndrome due to the overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). It is predominantly caused by mesenchymal tumors and cured upon their complete removal. Non-surgical treatment is an alternative option but limited to specific clinical conditions.

Methods

We report a challenging case of TIO caused by a tumor involving the occipital bone. We also performed a literature review of TIO caused by tumors localized at this site, focusing on clinical findings, treatment, and outcomes.

Results

The patient, a 62-year-old male, presented with a long-lasting history of progressive weakness. Biochemical evaluation revealed severe hypophosphatemia due to low renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate with raised intact FGF23 values. A 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/TC imaging showed a suspicious lesion located in the left occipital bone that MRI and selective venous catheterization confirmed to be the cause of TIO. Stereotactic gamma knife radiosurgery was carried out, but unfortunately, the patient died of acute respiratory failure.

To date, only seven additional cases of TIO have been associated to tumors located in the occipital bone. Furthermore, the tumor involved the left side of the occipital bone in all these patients.

Conclusion

The occipital region is a difficult area to access so a multidisciplinary approach for their treatment is required. If anatomical differences could be the basis for the predilection of the left side of the occipital bone, it remains to be clarified.
Runt-related Transcription Factors and Gene Regulatory Mechanisms in Skeletal Development and Diseases
Authors: Hojo Hironori , Ohba Shinsuke
Published: July 2023

Purpose of Review

Runt-related transcription factors (RUNX) play critical roles in skeletal development, metabolism, and diseases. In mammals, three RUNX members, namely RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3, play distinct and redundant roles, although RUNX2 is a dominant factor in skeletal development and several skeletal diseases. This review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of RUNX-mediated transcriptional regulation in different skeletal cell types.

Recent Findings

Advances in chromatin immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (ChIP-seq) have revealed genome-wide RUNX-mediated gene regulatory mechanisms, including their association with cis-regulatory elements and putative target genes. Further studies with genome-wide analysis and biochemical assays have shed light on RUNX-mediated pioneering action and involvements of RUNX2 in lipid–lipid phase separation.

Emerging multi-layered mechanisms of RUNX-mediated gene regulations help us better understanding of skeletal development and diseases, which also provides clues to think how genome-wide studies can help develop therapeutic strategies for skeletal diseases.
Construction, Characterization, DFT Computational Study, and Evaluation the Performance of Some New N-Amino Pyridinone Schiff Base Catalyzed with Ceric(IV) Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) as Corrosion Inhibitors in Some Petroleum Applications
Authors: Abd-elmaksoud Gehad A. , Abusaif Moustafa S. , Ammar Yousry A. , Al-Sharbasy S. , Migahed M. A.
Published: July 2023

In this paper, two novel organic inhibitors, TAP-TPP and TAP-CEQ, were prepared via Schiff base condensation as a green chemistry methodology using an eco-friendly catalyst, ceric ammonium nitrate, with a high yield (87% and 91%), and characterized via elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic analysis tools. Weight loss assessment was utilized as a chemical testing method, and the maximum inhibition efficiency of TAP-TPP and TAP-CEQ is 89.4% and 91.8%, respectively. PDP and EIS were electrochemical measures to determine the efficacy of both inhibitors as anticorrosion for carbon steel alloys in 2 M HCl aggressive media. The collected electrochemical results demonstrated that both inhibitors behaved as excellent anticorrosion agents for metallic constructions. According to the potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) analysis, these organic inhibitors worked as mixed-type inhibitors. The adsorption isotherm revealed that undertaken compounds obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm with the free energies of adsorption of ranged from ΔG = − 34.29 to − 34.63 kJ Mol−1. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data confirmed that the values charge transfer resistance (Rct) was increased by increasing the concentration of the injected inhibitor molecules. In contrast, the electrochemical double layer (Cdl) was dramatically decreased. The work was supported by two-surface analysis methods such as SEM and EDX. For more details, the values of percentage inhibition efficiency can be ordered as follows: TAP-CEQ > TAP-TPP. Finally, a suitable inhibition mechanism and theoretical studies including EHOMO, ELUMO, diploe moment (µ), and electrophilicity index (ω) were assumed and discussed in detailed.
Prevalence and risk factors of frailty in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Li-Cong , Lu Hong-Yan , Wang Xiao-Yan , Xiao Gang , Chang Yan , Yuan Ping , Wang Bei
Published: July 2023

Objective

To systematically review the prevalence and risk factors for frailty in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, and a search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases was carried out to collect Chinese and English studies on frailty and COPD published up to September 5, 2022.

Results

A total of 38 articles were included for the quantitative analysis after the collected literature was either included or omitted based on pertinent criteria. The results indicated that the estimated overall pooled prevalence of frailty was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 31–41%), and the estimated pre-frailty was 43% (95% CI = 37–49%). A higher age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.06) and higher COPD assessment test (CAT) score (OR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.12–1.27) were associated with a significantly increased likelihood of frailty in patients with COPD. However, a higher educational attainment (OR = 0.55; 95% CI = 0.43–0.69) and higher income (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.45–0.88) were associated with a significantly reduced risk of frailty in patients with COPD. A total of 17 other risk factors for frailty were identified via qualitative synthesis.

Conclusion

The incidence of frailty in patients with COPD is high, and there are many influencing factors.
Effects of Incident Nearfield Waves on the Reflection Coefficients for Flexural Vibrations with a Nonlinear Boundary
Authors: Abdi Moein , Sorokin Vladislav , Mace Brian
Published: July 2023

Purpose

This paper studies how a nearfield incident wave affects reflection coefficients for an Euler–Bernoulli beam attached to a cubic nonlinear boundary stiffness.

Methods

A number of time-harmonic nearfield and propagating waves are incident on the boundary at different frequencies, these being integer multiples of the fundamental (lowest) frequency. Reflected waves also at frequencies multiple of the fundamental frequency are produced as a result. Reflection coefficients are normalized with respect to the incident propagating wave’s amplitude at the fundamental frequency. The reflection coefficients, which rely on the amplitudes of the incident waves, are calculated using a series of equations. The harmonic balance method is used to truncate these equations, and they are then solved numerically.

Results

In order to compare numerical findings to the case in which only propagating waves are incident, a mix of incident nearfield and propagating waves is considered. Furthermore, the effects of nonlinearity on the net propagating excited wave are shown.

Conclusion

It is shown that nearfield waves can have a profound effect on the reflection coefficients.