bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi dan Optimalisasi Kinerja IPA VI Selat Panjang Perumda Air Minum Tirta Khatulistiwa Pontianak
Authors: Hariyulia Gita Fadani , Purnaini Rizki , Kadaria Ulli
Published: September 2023

The capacity of IPA VI Selat Panjang is 200 L/second but it does not run properly due to the influenfec of peat water. This study aims to determine the quality of raw and production water and the performance of each treatment unit as well as to evaluate and optimize the processing capacity of the IPA VI Selat Panjang. The data were collected in 2020. Here, raw water and production water quality were analysed to evaluate the performance of IPA. Results revealed that, the average of water quality for three days of analysing is out of the standard calss I based on PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 with the value of turbidity 57.32 NTU, pH 6.74, and color 552.4 Pt.Co. According to Permenkes 492 Tahun 2010, the quality of drinking water is below the standard, the color standard is 31.13 Pt.Co. The optimization process of IPA VI by recounting volumetric dose, rearranging the IIB compartment, adding a tube settler to the sedimentation tank, planning the depth of the filter and buffer media, adding 2 filtration tanks, determining the lime dose for the raw and production water. Keywords: IPA, Evaluationi, Optimization, Processing Capacity.A B S T R A KKapasitas dari IPA VI Selat Panjang adalah 200 L/detik tetapi IPA tersebut tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya dikarenakan pengaruh dari air gambut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air baku dan air produksi dan mengetahui kinerja masing-masing unit pengolahan, serta untuk mengevaluasi dan mengoptimalkan kapasitas pengolahan IPA VI Selat Panjang. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa rata-rata kualitas air baku untuk tiga hari penelitian tidak memenuhi baku mutu air kelas I berdasarkan PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 dengan nilai kekeruhan 57,32 NTU, pH 6,74, dan warna 552,4 Pt.Co. Menurut Permenkes 492 Tahun 2010, kualitas air minum berada di bawah baku mutu yaitu standar warna 31,13 Pt.Co. Proses optimasi IPA VI dengan menghitung kembali dosis volumetrik, menata kembali kompartemen IIB, menambah tabung pengendapan pada tangki sedimentasi, merencanakan kedalaman media filter dan buffer, menambah 2 tangki filtrasi, menentukan dosis kapur untuk air baku dan air produksi. Kata Kunci: IPA, Evaluasi, Optimasi, Kapasitas Pengolahan.
Perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System Dengan Metode Roof Catchment (Studi Kasus: Gedung 8, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung)
Authors: Rahmawaty Annisaâ€™ , P Aryl Tri , R Ghifari Salman , S Hisyam Azmi , P Ilham Dwi , N Salsabila Putri , F Salsya Aliya
Published: September 2023

The Rainwater Harvesting System Development Planning which will be built using the Roof Catchment method in Building 8 Campus of the National Institute of Technology is an effort to implement policies for soil conservation, collecting rainwater so that it can be reused and participating in environmental protection and planning. The data needed in planning the Rainwater Harvesting System is data on water needs, rainfall, active student data and the existing condition of the building which will later be planned for the Rainwater Harvesting System. After doing the calculations, it was found that the water needs of students in building 8 is 1,168.8 m3/month, the tank volume is 11,159.39 m3 with a depth of 2 m and a tank width of 2.4 m, rainwater discharge is 134,564 m3/s, and dimensions gutter signs of 9 m with a length of 22 m as many as 4 (four) gutters. The construction of the Rainwater Harvesting System is expected to be an alternative in minimizing the use of uncontrolled groundwater and utilizing rainwater as a substitute when the dry season comes. Planning for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Building 8 of the National Institute of Technology requires a cost of Rp. 63,522,000.00 Keywords: Rainwater Harvesting System, Roof Catchment, GutterA B S T R A K Perencanaan Pembangunan Rainwater Harvesting System yang akan dibangun dengan metode Roof Catchment di Gedung 8 Kampus Institut Teknologi Nasional merupakan upaya dalam pelaksanaan kebijakan untuk konservasi tanah, menampung air hujan agar dapat digunakan kembali serta peran serta dalam perlindungan dan perencanaan lingkungan hidup. Data yang dibutuhkan dalam perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System adalah data kebutuhan air, curah hujan, data mahasiswa aktif serta kondisi eksisting bangunan yang nantinya akan direncanakan Rainwater Harvesting System-nya. Setelah dilakukan perhitungan maka didapatkan bahwa kebutuhan air mahasiswa di gedung 8 sebesar 1.168,8 m3/bulan, volume tangki sebesar 11.159,39 m3 dengan kedalam 2 m dan lebar tangki 2,4 m, debit air hujan sebesar 134,564 m3/det, dan dimensi talang rambu sebesar 9 m dengan panjang 22 m sebanyak 4 (empat) talang. Pembangunan Rainwater Harvesting System diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif dalam meminimalisir penggunaan air tanah yang tidak terkontrol dan memanfaatkan air hujan sebagai pengganti disaat musim kemarau datang. Perencanaan Rainwater Harvesting System di Gedung 8 Institut Teknologi Nasional memerlukan biaya sebesar Rp. 63.522.000,00 Kata Kunci: Rainwater Harvesting System, Roof Catchment, Talang
Analisis Karbon Monoksida (CO) Menggunakan Metode Gaussian Plume di Persimpangan Margorejo Ahmad Yani Surabaya
Authors: Naufal Muhammad Taffarel Faridzi , Munfarida Ida , Yusrianti Yusrianti
Published: September 2023

Carbon monoxide is a pollutant that can interfere with human life and the environment. One of the sources of carbon monoxide pollutants comes from motor vehicle emissions. Heavy traffic can result in poor air quality. The city of Surabaya is the largest metropolitan city after Jakarta. One of the heavy traffic in the city of Surabaya is the Margorejo Ahmad Yani intersection, this intersection is the link between Surabaya and Sidoarjo. The purpose of this study is to determine the results of carbon monoxide in the field, predict the Gaussian Plume model, and calculate the results of field data validation and model data. Determination of the location of the sampling point is based on SNI 19-7119.6.9, 2005 section 6, so that a total of 6 sampling points can represent the intersection. The average yield of carbon monoxide in the field on Saturday, Sunday, and Monday in a row is 14,336 Î¼g/m3, 13,615 Î¼g/m3, 16,881 Î¼g/m3. The distribution distance of the Gaussian model simulation on Saturday Morning; Afternoon; The afternoon in a row is 54 m; 64; 76 m, Sunday Morning; Afternoon; The afternoon in a row is 34 m; 53 m; 54 m, Monday Morning; Afternoon; The afternoon in a row is 62 m; 65 meters; 62 m. The results of field data validation and model data with the MAPE formula are 15.17%.Â Keywords: motor vehicles, carbon monoxide, gaussianÂ Â ABSTRAKÂ Karbon monoksida merupakan polutan yang dapat mengganggu kehidupan manusia dan lingkungan. Salah satu sumber pencemar karbon monoksida berasal dari emisi kendaraan bermotor. Lalu lintas yang padat dapat mengakibatkan kualitas udara yang buruk. Kota Surabaya merupakan kota metropolitan terbesar setelah Jakarta. Salah satu lalu lintas yang padat di Kota Surabaya adalah simpang Margorejo Ahmad Yani, simpang ini merupakan penghubung antara Surabaya dengan Sidoarjo. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil karbon monoksida di lapangan, memprediksi model Gaussian Plume, dan menghitung hasil validasi data lapangan dan data model. Penentuan lokasi titik pengambilan sampel didasarkan pada SNI 19-7119.6.9 tahun 2005 pasal 6, sehingga sebanyak 6 titik pengambilan sampel mewakili titik potong tersebut. Hasil rata-rata karbon monoksida di lapangan pada hari Sabtu, Minggu, dan Senin berturut-turut adalah 14.336 Î¼g/m3, 13.615 Î¼g/m3, 16.881 Î¼g/m3. Jarak distribusi simulasi model Gaussian pada Sabtu Pagi; Sore; Sore berturut-turut adalah 54 m; 64; 76 m, Minggu Pagi; Sore; Sore berturut-turut adalah 34 m; 53 m; 54 m, Senin Pagi; Sore; Sore berturut-turut adalah 62 m; 65 meter; 62 m. Hasil validasi data lapangan dan data model dengan rumus MAPE sebesar 15,17%.Â Kata kunci: kendaraan bermotor, karbon monoksida, gaussianÂ Â Â Â Â Â
Rancangan Teknis Reklamasi Lahan Bekas Penambangan Sirtu di Desa Trosono, Kecamatan Parang, Kabupaten Magetan
Authors: Larasati Indah , Hakim Abdul , Yusrianti Yusrianti , Pribadi Arqowi , Utama Teguh Taruna
Published: September 2023

This study aims to assess the land damage caused by mining activities in the village of Trosono, Parang District, Magetan Regency, and to determine the plan for the reclamation of ex-mining land, namely by restoring the function of the ex-mining mining land according to its designation according to the Regional Regulation of Magetan Regency Number 15 of 2012 as production forest land and plantations. Based on the evaluation of land damage criteria that have been carried out on topography, soil, and vegetation conditions, 75% of these parameters are still feasible to be used as forest and plantation areas. The existing condition of the ex-situ mining area based on the results of surveys and field mapping, there are remnants of cliffs as high as 9.5 m where the slope is almost perpendicular to the bottom of the excavation. The planned reclamation activities include land surface arrangement by adjusting the geometry of the slopes with a maximum cliff height of 3 m,Â  a terrace width of 2.1 m, and a slope angle of 30o at the end of the mining. Plants planned for revegetation are sengon and ginger with a spacing of 2 m x 3 m and ginger spacing of 0.3 m x 0.6. The dimensions of the sengon planting space used are 0.4 m x 0.4 m x 0.4 m and for ginger plants 0.3 m x 0.3 m x 0.3 m. With mathematical calculations, it is planned that the number of seeds of sengon plants to be planted is 56 seeds and 9.833 seeds of ginger plants.Â Keywords: ex-situ, ginger, mining, plantation, sengonÂ Â ABSTRAKÂ Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kerusakan lahan akibat kegiatan penambangan di Desa Trosono Kecamatan Parang Kabupaten Magetan, serta menentukan rencana reklamasi lahan bekas tambang yaitu dengan mengembalikan fungsi lahan bekas tambang. sesuai peruntukannya menurut Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Magetan Nomor 15 Tahun 2012 sebagai kawasan hutan produksi dan perkebunan. Berdasarkan evaluasi kriteria kerusakan lahan yang telah dilakukan terhadap kondisi topografi, tanah, dan vegetasi, 75% dari parameter tersebut masih layak untuk dijadikan kawasan hutan dan perkebunan. Kondisi eksisting area penambangan ex situ berdasarkan hasil survei dan pemetaan lapangan terdapat sisa-sisa tebing setinggi 9,5 m yang kemiringannya hampir tegak lurus dengan dasar galian. Kegiatan reklamasi yang direncanakan meliputi penataan permukaan tanah dengan menyesuaikan geometri lereng dengan tinggi tebing maksimal 3 m, lebar teras 2,1 m, dan sudut kemiringan lereng 30o di ujung penambangan. Tanaman yang direncanakan untuk revegetasi adalah sengon dan jahe dengan jarak tanam 2 m x 3 m dan jarak tanam jahe 0,3 m x 0,6. Dimensi ruang tanam sengon yang digunakan adalah 0,4 m x 0,4 m x 0,4 m dan untuk tanaman jahe 0,3 m x 0,3 m x 0,3 m. Dengan perhitungan matematis, direncanakan jumlah bibit tanaman sengon yang akan ditanam sebanyak 56 bibit dan 9.833 bibit tanaman jahe.Â Kata kunci: ex-situ, ginger, mining, plantation, sengonÂ Â Â Â Â Â
Stress and its effect on medical students Performance in Tikrit University College of Medicine
Authors: Essa Athraa
Published: September 2023

Background: Medical education is perceived as being stressful, & a high level of stress may have a negative effect on cognitive functioning & learning of students in a medical school. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of perceived stress among medical students & to observe an association between the levels of stress & their academic performance, including the sources of their stress & their coping strategies. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted on one hundred eighty medical students from first stage to sixth stage from the Tikrit were enrolled in the study. The study was conducted using Kessler10 psychological distress inventory, which measures the level of stress according to none, mild, moderate, & severe categories. The prevalence of stress was measured & compared with the six study variables, such as gender, living accommodation, academic year, regularity to course attendance, academic grades, & perceived physical problems Result: The response rate among the study subjects was 100% (n=180). The total prevalence of stress was 57.2%, & the prevalence of severe stress was 12.8%. The prevalence of stress was higher among females (69.9%) than among males(42.9%). 2=16.34, p<0.001). The prevalence of stress was higher in students living at dormitory (31.6%) than students live at parental home (25.5%) but the severity of stress was higher in those students. The prevalence of stress was higher during the preclinical group mostly in third year students (76.7%) & in students who attend irregularly (73.9%). Exams (73%) & load of study (49.5%) are the most powerful stressors. Spend time with friends, sleeping, prayer, music, going into isolation or sports are various coping mechanisms. The academic performance was decline with increase stress level. Physical problems are associated with high stress levels. Conclusion: The prevalence of perceived stress seems to be high among medical students & in all level was higher in female than male. Preclinical group of students had more stress than clinical group & most of students who attend irregularly had high level of stress, which tends to affect not only their academic performances but also all aspects of health. Recommendation: Review of academics & exam schedules, more leisure time activities, better interaction with the faculty & proper guidance, advisory services & peer counseling at the campus could do a lot to reduce the stress.
Differentiation between Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay and Wet Mount Method
Authors: A. Kadir Mohammed , S. Daoud Ibrahim , Al-Bayati Zaid
Published: September 2023

To differentiate between Entamoeba histolytica and E. dispar among patients attended Pediatric, General Hospital and Primary Health Care Centres in Kirkuk City, using Direct wet mount and ELISA techniques.The current study included the examination of (600) stool specimens of patients of different age groups (1-≤60 years) attended Pediatric Hospital, Kirkuk General Hospital, and Primary Health Care Centers in Kirkuk city for the period from 1/8/2008 to 20/4/2009 to search for the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar using ELISA. It was found that out of 600 stool specimens examined by wet mount microscopy 25.66 % were infected with E. histolytica / E. dispar. DRG ELISA based antigen detection kit of E. histolytica / E. dispar in stool specimens revealed that 52.12 % were found to be positive of total specimens examined (140 microscopy positive samples and 48 microscopy negative control samples). TechLab ELISA based antigen detection kit specific only for E. histolytica in stool specimens revealed that 6.38 % were positive for E. histolytica, while the remaining negative 93.62 % were considered E. dispar. DRG ELISA based antibody detection of anti-E. histolytica serum IgG revealed seropositivity rate of 36.17 %. The direct stool examination is not capable to differentiate between E. histolytica and E. dispar. TechLab ELISA based antigen detection of E. histolytica is a sensitive and rapid method for detection and differentiation of E. histolytica from E. dispar. DRG ELISA based antibody detection of anti-E. histolytica serum IgG is a helpful mean to detect chronic infection of amebic colitis, asymptomatic cyst carrier patients, and extra-intestinal infection.
Effect of General Anesthesia On Apgar Score In Relation To Induction-Delivery and Uterine-Delivery Interval
Authors: Ismaiel Mohammad Saad
Published: September 2023

The anaesthetic drugs technique used in caesarean section should prevent fetal depressant resulting from passing of drugs through the maternal-placental barrier which can lead to adverse effects such as decreasing in Apgar score and respiratory depression in new born neonates. Apgar score is the first test given to newborn after delivery by caesarian section or normal vaginal delivery to evaluate a newborn physical condition after delivery and to determine any immediate need for extra medical or emergency care. To determine the effect of general anaesthetic drugs on the Apgar score of new-borns in relation to the induction-delivery interval and uterine delivery interval. One hundred healthy full term pregnant women underwent elective C/S, on left lateral position the pre induction with 100% oxygen by face mask, then start induction with minimum dose of Thiopentone (3mg/kg ) with ketamine (1mg/kg), followed by non-depolarization muscle relaxant atracurium(0. 5 mg/kg ). Endotracheal intubation was done and maintenance of anaesthesia with oxygen, 0.5% Halothane and atracurium (0. 1 mg/kg) till the end of surgery. Neostigmine (2.5 mg) and atropine (1.2mg) was given as antidote. During operation the heart rates, blood pressures and oxygen saturation (pulse oxymeter) were monitored. Oxytocin (20 units) or ergometrine (0.8 mg) is injected intravenously after clamping the cord, then (tramadol 75 mg + midazolam 5mg) was given. Induction- delivery interval and uterine-delivery interval was noted using a stopwatch. After delivery the baby’s Apgar score was noted at 1, 5 and 10 min. and proper resuscitation was done. Low Apgar score and low to moderate score at one minute was found when induction –delivery interval up to five minutes and more than 10 minutes also low and low to moderate score of infants when uterine – delivery interval more than 120 seconds. One minute Apgar score of infants were affected by induction-delivery time (≤ 5 min and > 10 min) and uterine –delivery interval (>120 sec).
Determination of serum zinc concentration in normal healthy men & type II diabetes mellitus patients.
Authors: Kader Kamel Nasreen
Published: September 2023

Body zinc content is regulated by the homeostatic mechanism, which regulate zinc absorption and excretion depending on its body requirements. The function of cells and tissues enzymes is depend zinc content & over 70 human body enzymes with which zinc is associated. Pervious studies show that some trace elements like magnesium, zinc, manganese & selenium may play important role in action of insulin hormone, including activation of insulin receptor sites. The aim of the study is to determine the serum level of zinc in normal healthy men & diabetes mellitus type II patients. A cross sectional study was done in Tikrit teaching hospital from beginning of January to end of December 2010. The study conducted on 50 type 2 diabetic male patients was participated in the study. While, 30 normal healthy men age matched (aged 55 to 60 years) were included as a control. Serum zinc was measured for control healthy non diabetic subjects & diabetic type 2 patients. There were non significant differences regarding age. However there is significant increase in BMI of diabetic patients as compare with control men. Fasting serum glucose was significantly higher in DM patients as compare with control subjects. Moreover, there is significant reduction in serum zinc in diabetic patients (89.35 ± 19.23 µg/dl) as compare with normal health subjects (135 ± 35.18 µg/dl). In diabetic patients, there is significant negative correlation between fasting blood sugar & serum zinc (r= - 0.37). In present study conclude that there is a significant reduction in serum zinc in diabetic patients. The present study recommend that diabetic type II patients should be encourage to eat diet rich in zinc or take zinc supplement.
Polycondensation of Acid anhydrides with Asparaginyl Imide Diamine and Curing with Styrene as Smart Polymers for Sustained Release Drug Delivery System
Authors: M.A Firyal , Aziz Rahi Firas , Q. M Assel , I. alshather Ahmed
Published: September 2023

Polymers can provide new and effective ways of administering drugs and enhance therapeutic efficacy. Polymers also present a means for controlled delivery of several drugs in the form of polymeric drug carriers or polymeric prodrugs. Our study involved synthesize of new condensed polymers from reacting of unsaturated acid anhydride such as maleic or methylnadic anhydrides, with prepared N-asparaginyl imide diamine, which prepared from reacting of asparaginyl chloride with ammonia. The new condensed polymers were curing with styrene and the cross-linked polymers were obtained with high conversion percent. The physical properties were measured and all the prepared monomers and polymers were characterized by FT-IR and UV spectroscopy. The intrinsic viscosity was calculated and swelling index was measured for the prepared cross-linked polymers. The inserted asparagine as amino acid could enhance the biodegradability properties, and these prepared bioactive polymers can be used as biomaterial in different applications, which could be acted as smart polymers due to pH sensitivity.
Second to Fourth Digit Ratio and Exercise Performance in Untrained Adult Males
Authors: A-K. Younes Mohammed , M. Sulaiman Shakir
Published: September 2023

This study was based on a random sample from a Prospective Cohort study including one hundred healthy young untrained male volunteers, with mean age ± standard deviation (SD) of 22.820 ± 2.271 years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the digit ratio as an indicator for the performance of untrained adult males in endurance sports. The parameters that have been measured were: Index and ring fingers length of both right and left hand, body weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, body composition (including: fat, muscle and water percents) and exercise performance (including: distance and time). The descriptive analyses of this study showed that normative values of male 2D:4D ratio vary between 0.912-1.036. and it also revealed that there is a strong inverse relation-ship between digit ratio of the subjects and exercise performance according to the distance and time; as the subject briskly walked on the treadmill at fasting state
Association between smoking and facial wrinkling in relation with age and sex
Authors: E. Sharquie Khalifa , R. Al-Rawi Jamal , M. aljumaily Maqsood
Published: September 2023

There are many risk factors that accentuate wrinkling like age, sex, occupation. Smoking is a preventable risk factor of facial wrinkles formation. To test the assumption whether skin wrinkling is significantly associated with age, sex and smoking or not? A cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Dermatology and Venereology in Baghdad teaching hospital in period from April 2011 through March 2012 on (106) respondents, Socio-demographic information and full dermatological examination was done. Facial wrinkles were examined and measured according to wrinkles score in the group. Then we simplify these score into: superficial, (I, II), medium (III, IV) and deep wrinkles (V, VI). Smoking habit was more frequent in males than females which was ststistically highly significant (P=0.001). Middle and deep wrinkles are more frequent among males while shallow wrinkles are more among females which was highly significant (P<0.001). Shallow wrinkles only appeared in second and third decades of life while middle and deep wrinkles been more frequent in forth decade of life and above which also highly significant (P<0.001). Shallow wrinkles are mostly among non smokers while middle and deep wrinkles more among smokers and ex-smokers (P<0.001). The present work had confirmed a positive association between wrinkling score and the frequency of smoking habit.
The effects of metformin versus glibenclamide on complete blood picture in type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Tarik Qasim Islam
Published: September 2023

To assess the effects of metformin and glibenclamide each one alone on complete blood picture (CBP) in type 2 diabetic patients. A case control study. This study was conducted during the period from 1/5/2011 to 31/1/2012 in Ibn Sina hospital in Mosul city. CBP were measured in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Group 1: 21 patients on metformin therapy (850-1500mg/day), group 2: 23 patients on glibenclamide therapy (5-10mg/day), also 22 apparently healthy volunteers were taken as the control group. Blood samples were taken from the three groups and analyzed for full blood count including red blood cells count (RBCs) ,white blood cell count (WBCs), and platelet count, hemoglobin (Hb) , mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and hematocrit (PCV). WBC count was higher in group 2 than that in group 1 and control group. The other parameters of complete blood picture in group 1 and 2 showed no significant differences compared with the control group. Metformin and glibenclamide have no significant effect on CBP except for the effect metformin which decreases WBC and platelet level which are already elevated in type 2 DM , but remain within the normal range. Such effect could not be seen in glibenclamide group
Extraction and Determination of Sildenafil Citrate by Spectrophotometry: Classical Versus Factorial Design Optimization
Authors: A-A Khammas Zuhair
Published: September 2023

In this work, the complexation and extraction processes of sildenafil citrate (SC) were evaluated by using classical optimization versus factorial design methodology. The selected factors were based on the reaction of sildenafil with methyl orange (MO) as a chromogenic reagent via the formation of ion-association complex in acidic buffer media, followed by extraction with chloroform and quantitatively measured by visible spectrophotometry at λmax of 427 nm. The optimization step was first carried out by classical one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) from which the extracted results were exploited in the experimental design optimization by using 24-1 fractional factorial and 32 full factorial designs for the chosen variables such as pH, concentration of reagent, reaction time, extraction time and temperature. Results obtained from fractional factorial design 24-1 showed that only the variables pH, MO concentration and their interaction based on analysis of variance (ANOVA) in term of Pareto chart, were statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Under the optimized conditions, the assay method of SC was validated in term of the analytical figures of merit. SC can be determined in concentration range of 0.5-40 µg mL-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.9991, detection limit (S/N) of 0.15 µg mL-1, RSD (n=10) of 1.43%, accuracy as %Erel of -2.23% and mean percent recovery of 97.77±0.87. The proposed method was applied for the determination of SC in commercial medicaments without fear from excipients interferences with the assay procedure.
Evaluation of Certain Inflammatory Markers in Transfusion Dependent β-Thalassemic Patients
Authors: M. Mahmoud Samir , M. Mahmoud Samir
Published: September 2023

To determine the serum concentration of certain inflammatory markers including TNF-α and hs-CRPβ-thalassemic patients on different types of treatmentand to investigate the possible correlation between these inflammatory markers and iron overload referred to by serum ferritin concentration, moreoverto assesswhether inflammation in β-thalassemia could be controlled by deferasirox or deferoxamine as compared to transfusion dependent patients without iron chelator. Ninety transfusion dependent β-thalassemic children with age range 13–75 months were included in this study, and 30 age and sex matched healthy subjects served as control,thepatients were divided into three groups according to the type of the treatment,each group included 30 patients Group1 comprised β-thalassemic patients without iron chelator, Group2 comprisedβ-thalassemic patients on deferasirox iron chelator while Group3 comprisedβ-thalassemic patients on deferoxamine iron chelator. Serum ferritin, hs-CRP, and TNF-α was measured for all participants by ELISA method. Compared with the control, the serum level of ferritin and hs-CRP were significantly elevated in all patients groups while the serum level of TNF-α were only significantly elevated in Group1 and Group3. Further analysis of the results revealed positive correlation between serum ferritin withTNF-α and with hs-CRP.A comparison among the patients groups show that patients on deferasirox (Group2) had significantly low level of TNF-α as compared to Group1 and Group3. On the other hand serum ferritin and hs-CRP concentration in Group3 were significantly higher than the other two groups, furthermore when Group3 patients are subdivided according to their compliance on deferoxaminethe result show that the serum level of ferritin, hs-CRP and TNF-α are significantly higher in poor compliance subgroup as compared to good compliancepatients and when good compliance subgroup are compared with Group2 no significant deference in the measured parameter was found. Chronic inflammatory state is present in these patients withincreased levels of inflammatory markers such as TNF-α andCRP. The observed correlations of ferritin with inflammatory markers imply that iron overload may play a key role in release of these markers. Chelation Therapy with deferasirox can attenuate inflammation and reduces inflammatory markers level while deferoxamine appear to be less effective as most patients suffer from poor compliance on this type of iron chelator.
Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Gliclazide in Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus Patients
Authors: Khalid Yehya Saif , Abbas Al-Hammami Fadhil
Published: September 2023

To evaluate the effects of 8 weeks of gliclazide therapy on serum glucose level and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of lipid peroxidation in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Thirty newly diagnosed T2DM patients were participated in the study (15 males and 15 females) with mean age of (47.55+-8.46) years .A thirty healthy subjects (15 male and 15 females ) of matching age were also recruited in the study as control group. Both groups were matched regarding age, sex and BMI. Fasting serum glucose (FSG) concentration was estimated using a kit supplied by Biocon (Germany). Serum MDA was measured using thiobarbituric acid (TBA) chemical assay method. Showed that T2DM patients having a significant rise in marker of lipid peroxidation MDA and FSG before starting treatment as compared with the control group. After 8 weeks of gliclazide monotherapy there was a significant reduction in both FSG and MDA level. Gliclazide having free radical scavenger properties showed from the decrease in lipid peroxidation in addition to its hypoglycemic effects
Exploring the Challenges Faced by the Urban Squatter Dwellers in Sentul, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia, Yaacob Mahazril ‘Aini , Hassan Nurul Zulaikha Abdul Patah ,   Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
Published: September 2023

Malaysia has experienced rapid urbanization, leading to congestion and a shortage of adequate housing. For those who cannot afford housing due to the high prices of houses, such as marginalized and low-income groups, squatting becomes an alternative for viable housing solutions. Many have moved into urban squatter zones in search of alternate housing. Drawing on Malaysia as a case study, this study explores the challenges urban squatter dwellers face and how it affects their well-being. This study used Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Delphi Techniques to conduct in-depth interviews with fourteen key informants in Kuala Lumpur. It analyzed the results using the thematic analysis method. Findings revealed that they faced challenges associated with social issues, housing quality, housing environment, and finances. These challenges have affected their safety, comfort, social relationships, and health. It is suggested that the government should adequately design inclusive policies and programs to resolve this predicament and enhance these dwellers’ quality of life. Since studies on urban squatters in Malaysia are scarce, this study provides insight into the country’s urban poverty problem. Furthermore, the findings can be applied to other developing countries with characteristics like Malaysia.
Estratégias de reabilitação do olfato na Covid-19
Authors: Assunção Juliana Magalhães Vieira , Portela Riquelme Romero Leal , Luna Paula Rangel
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Analisar as estratégias de reabilitação do olfato na Covid-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa e caráter descritivo realizado por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, através da coleta de dados fornecidos pelo U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes Health (PubMed) e da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) entre os anos de 2020 e 2021. Resultados: O treinamento olfatório demonstrou ser em todos os estudos que abordaram essa forma de reabilitação, uma estratégia eficaz, segura e até agora a mais difundida na recuperação do olfato na COVID-19. Há tambem outras estratégias como a utilização de corticoides orais que seu uso foi aconselhado com cautela. Já o uso de esteroides nasais demonstrou resultados conflitantes. As estratégia de Vitamina A associada ao treinamento olfatório; o uso de zinco; terapia androgênica com dudasterida; o uso de solução hipertônica com ácido hialurônico e xilitol; o filme polimérico e os medicamentos ayuverdicos demonstraram melhorias na reabilitação do olfato. Considerações Finais: Constatou-se que apenas o treinamento olfatório tem uma evidência robusta sobre sua eficácia. As demais estratégias necessitam de mais estudos para validar seus resultados.
Sobrepeso, obesidade e impactos na saúde dos trabalhadores em turnos
Authors: Souza Thainara Cariely Oliveira de , Manfredi Paula , Souza Isabel Fernandes de
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas da associação entre o trabalho em turnos com sobrepeso, obesidade e impactos na saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, do triênio entre 2019 e 2021 com artigos originais, com amostra n>100, nos idiomas português e inglês publicados nas bases de dados MEDLINE, PUBMED e SciELO. Resultados: Foram selecionados 8 estudos observacionais que abordavam a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em trabalhadores em turnos, alguns desses artigos também citaram parâmetros como a circunferência abdominal, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e horas de sono. Percebeu-se que o trabalho em turnos esteve associado ao aumento do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e obesidade abdominal em trabalhadores em turnos, quando comparado a trabalhadores de turnos normais de trabalho. Considerações finais: Os estudos que compõem esta revisão, correlacionam-se a maiores impactos na saúde e obesidade abdominal mais frequentemente em trabalhadores em turnos do que em trabalhadores não turnos corroborando com estudos anteriores.
Eficácia de um programa de cessação do tabagismo por meio de incentivo a atividade física diária com pedômetros nos sintomas de depressão de tabagistas
Authors: Souza Karina Arielle da Silva , Araujo Beatriz de Melo , Tacao Guilherme Yassuyuki , Proença Mahara-Daian Garcia Lemes , Ramos Dionei
Published: September 2023

Objetivo: avaliar a eficácia de um programa de cessação do tabagismo por meio de incentivo a atividade física diária com pedômetros nos sintomas de depressão de tabagistas. Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, foram avaliados tabagistas de ambos os sexos com mais de 18 anos. A amostra foi randomizada em: grupo controle (GC), grupo de incentivo com metas de passos/dia com pedômetro (G1) e grupo de incentivo de passos/dias com pedômetro e 30 minutos de exercício de intensidade moderada/dia (100 passos/minuto) (G2).  Foram coletados dados antropométricos, Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Teste de Fagerstrom, pedômetro, espirometria e monoximetria. As avaliações foram em: avaliação inicial, um dia após a data da parada, um mês após a data da parada e após 3 meses. Resultados: 51 tabagistas randomizados: G1 (N=14), G2 (N=17) e GC (N=20). Comparando sintomas depressivos basal e final, apresentaram [F (1,74, 20,93)=1,735; p=0,198], com diferença no G2 (p=0,043). Conclusão: Houve diferença significativa entre os sintomas depressivos no momento basal e final no G2, indicando que a intervenção com incremento de passos/dias a partir do uso de pedômetro associada a uma atividade física moderada, pode auxiliar esses tabagistas durante o período de cessação tabágica, diminuindo assim os sintomas depressivos.
Pneumonia related to mechanical ventilation and its associated factors: an observational study
Authors: Schrioder Rhylari Pani , Moura Luciana Fonseca de , Limeira Juliana Morais , Ferreira Geandria França Scarabelli , Marchetti Victor Hugo Ovani , Marcolongo-Pereira Clairton , Pesarico Ana Paula , Bellettini-Santos Tatiani , Enriquez-Martinez Oscar Geovanny , Quintela-Castro Fernanda Cristina de Abreu
Published: September 2023

Objective: To verify the profile of patients admitted to an adult ICU and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of VAP. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, carried out between January 2018 and December 2020, whose participants were individuals admitted to the adult ICU of a hospital in ES. Results: A total of 425 people were included in the study. Multinomial binary logistic regression showed that patients with MV time between 10 and 14 days (OR = 6.94; p < 0.001; 95% CI = 1.99 – 24.42) and more than 14 days (OR = 7. 15; p < 0.001; 95% CI = 2.78 – 20.94) were more prone to VAP. Associations were found between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 2.75; p < 0.05; 95% CI = 0.64 – 9.87), type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.70; p < 0.001; CI 95% = 1.13 – 6.34), COVID-19 (OR = 2.07; p < 0.01; 95% CI = 0.75 – 5.38) and occurrence of VAP. Conclusion: Patients with increased duration of MV, with comorbidities and hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection are at high risk of developing VAP.
Pathophysiology and management of hypercalcemia in malignancy
Authors: Yunita Bella , Cahyanur Rahmat
Published: September 2023

Hypercalcemia is a complication that is often found in patients with malignancy, both blood malignancy and solid tumor malignancy, with a prevalence that can reach 30%. Hypercalcemia caused by malignant conditions is usually characterized by severe clinical manifestations, severe degree, and rapid onset. Hypercalcemia is also one of the markers of poor prognosis in patients with malignancy, often a sign that a malignant condition is in the late stages or is refractory to the treatment given. Management of hypercalcemia in malignancy is based on the underlying pathophysiology. The main pathophysiology is due to humoral hypercalcemia, local osteolytic metastases, increased extrarenal calcitriol, and primary or ectopic PTH secretion. Based on this condition, an understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, and management of hypercalcemia in malignancy needs to be studied further.
Nail dystrophy in hand eczema and correlation with severity index: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kataria Vandana , Pandhi Deepika
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

Hand eczema (HE) causes frequent periungual inflammation, affecting the functioning of the nail matrix unit leading to varied clinical reaction patterns. The objective of the study was to study nail dystrophic changes among patients of HE and to investigate the association between the prevalence of nail dystrophy and HE severity.

Material and Methods:

In the present study, 100 consecutive patients of HE presenting to our hospital were evaluated. Morphological features of nail dystrophy, involvement of HE in the fingertip area, and presence of paronychia were assessed. Where indicated, samples of nail unit were sent for bacterial and fungal cultures.

Results:

Nail involvement was seen in 76% of the patients; loss of cuticle was the commonest (37%) finding. A positive correlation (P = 0.012) was found between paronychia and nail dystrophic changes. Hand eczema severity index >12 was seen in 28.9% of patients with nail dystrophy as compared to 12.5% without nail dystrophy (P = 0.259). Severity index of 3+ was documented more in the presence of nail dystrophy as compared to 0 in patients without nail dystrophy (P = 0.001). Out of 20 samples sent for bacterial nail culture, 8 (40%) grew Staphylococcus aureus and two Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia species, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Yeast grew in nail KOH in 7 (30.4%) of 23 samples but cultures were negative.

Conclusion:

Nail involvement adds up to the clinical severity of the disease and may be affected by chronicity, duration of disease, and impacts the disease prognosis.
Analisis Penggunaan Pronomina dalam Tajuk Rencana Koran Harian Riau Pos
Authors: Rachman Hadi Arief , Rahayu Sri
Published: September 2023

A pronoun is a pronoun that serves to replace a person, thing or something that is differentiated, pronouns are distinguished by personal pronouns. The problems in this research are (1) How to use personal pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (2) How to use directive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (3) How to use their own pronoun pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (4) How do you use the pronoun pronoun in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper, (5) How is the use of conjunctive pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspaper and (6) How do you use indefinite pronouns in the editorial plan of the Riau Pos Daily Newspape. The purpose of this study was to collect data and information about the analysis of pronouns in the Riau Pos Daily newspaper editorial. The theory used in analyzing the problem of this research is pronouns according to H. Guntur T (2009). The method used in this research is descriptive method, this research approach uses a qualitative approach. This type of research includes literature study, as well as data collection techniques using documentation and hermeneutic techniques. The data in this study are in the form of the Riau Pos 2020 daily newspaper editorial, which consists of 26 editions. From the data analysis in this study, the authors conclude that the editorial plan of the Riau Pos daily newspaper uses the pronoun form of the self-pronoun, the directive pronoun, the owner's pronoun, the pen pronoun, the liaison and indefinite pronouns in presenting news and information to society.

Keywords: pronouns and editorials
Analisis Konteks Wacana Dalam Novel Selembar Itu Berarti Karya Suryaman Amipriono
Authors: Ismi Adela , Rahayu Sri
Published: September 2023

Every story is built by context. Without context, there is no story because the context of the discourse builds it. Every reading, one of which is novel reading, is built by context. Context is used to understand a story, because context determines the meaning of speech so that it can interpret the situation or scope of language in discourse. The problem in this research is how the discourse context in the novel Selembar Itu Means is Suryaman Amipriono's work related to the setting and scene, participants, message, key, instrument, norms. , and what kind (genre)? The purpose of this research is to describe, analyze, and interpret the discourse context in Suryamana Amipriono's novel Selembar Itu Means. The theory used in this research is a theory in which there is a discourse context as stated by Hymes in Darma (2013) and other supporting theories. The source of data in this study is the source of written data, namely the novel Selembar Itu Berarti by Suryaman Amipriono. The data in this study are elements of discourse context. The method used in this research is descriptive method, qualitative approach, this type of research is a library (Library Research). Data collection techniques using hermeneutical techniques. The results of this study found eight elements of context in the novel Selembar Itu Means by Suryaman Amipriono, namely (1) forty-seven settings and scenes, (2) twenty-three participants, (3) the results (ends) were found as many as fifteen data, (4) the message (message) was found as many as twenty-three data, (5) how (key) was found as many as nineteen data, (6) the means (instrument) was found as much as one data, 7) twelve data found norms (norms), (8) one data type (genre) was found. It can be concluded that in Suryaman Amipriono's novel Selembar Itu Mean, there are eight elements of discourse context. In a novel, it is very rare to find no eight elements of discourse context. Because the context of discourse is the most important element in building a story.
Analisis Rubrik Penilaian Biografi pada RPP Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Muhammad Khairani , Mukhlis Muhammad
Published: September 2023

This research is motivated by the number of teachers at SMA N 3 Mandau who made assessment rubrics. The problems studied in this study are: How is the analytical biographical assessment rubric in Indonesian RPP class X semester 2 of 2019/2020 SMA N 3 Mandau? What is the biographical holistic assessment rubric in Indonesian RPP class X semester 2 of 2019/2020 SMA Negeri 3 Mandau? The purpose of this study was to determine the rubric of biographical analytic assessment in Indonesian RPP class X semester 2 of 2019/2020 SMA Negeri 3 Mandau. To find out the biographical holistic assessment rubric in Indonesian RPP class X semester 2 of 2019/2020 SMA Negeri 3 Mandau. The research method used is the method of content analysis (Content Analysis). The research approach carried out by the author uses a qualitative research approach. The data collection technique in this research is documentation technique. The results of the research are the analytical rubric that the author obtained from the Indonesian RPP, which amounted to 6 data, not in accordance with the stages of designing a rubric which consists of 4 components, namely the criteria component, the weight component, the performance level component, and the score component. The holistic rubric that the author obtained from the Indonesian RPP consists of 4 data which are in accordance with the stages of designing a holistic rubric which consists of 2 components, namely the description component and the score component.