bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The History of the Development of Education in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan (1990-1999): A Comparative Historical Analysis
Authors:   Masaryk University, Vatsulik Y. , Satanov A.B. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

The objective of the article is to examine patterns of similarities and differences across educational reforms in the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan in post-socialist context. The study conducted a comparativehistorical analysis of the development of education systems in Kazakhstan and the Czech Republic in the 1990s when there was a transition of these countries from the socialist to the capitalist regime. The comparative historical analysis of the educational reforms of these two countries identified a number of similar patterns and considerable differences in the development of their education systems due to many contextual and structural factors and historical prerequisites. The comparative analysis demonstrated that both in the educational systems of the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan democratization, humanization and differentiation were taken as main principles of the reforms, but these processes developed in the different level and directions. As a result, it was stated that both the Czech Republic and Kazakhstan intended to democratize educational systems in post-socialist context. While the Czech Republic tended to decentralize and diversify the school system, delegating the practical implementation of educational policies to various organizations and lobbying groups, however, Kazakhstan maintains a highly centralized system from top to bottom, which leaves little administrative, financial, managerial, executive authority for the low structures of the state apparatus and the public, which limits the system to strict planning and standards.
The Akkulsk Mosque in the Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: A Museum Artefact or a Sacred Space?
Authors:   Nazarbayev University, Garipova Rozaliya
Published: March 2021

The Akkulsk Mosque, located about 30 kilometers from the city of Semey in northeastern Kazakhstan, was built between 1905 and 1907. With the establishment of Soviet power, the building of the mosque was used as a school and a club and ceased to function as a mosque. In the 1970s, as many inhabitants were living in the village, the building of the mosque began to decay and is currently in a critical situation. Despite the decaying process, people continue to worship the mosque as a sacred object. This allows us to rethink the role of the mosque as a place of spiritual worship, to analyze the unusual form of Islamic religiosity in the post-Soviet period as well as the impact of the Soviet regime on Islam in Kazakhstan.
The Competition of Major Powers for the Caspian Energy Resources
Authors:   Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Sari Yasar , Azmukhanova A.M. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the competition among major, regional as well as littoral states. The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of salty water in the world without having a natural connection to the open sea or any ocean. Moreover, it possesses immense hydrocarbon reserves in the subsoil. The geopolitical location of the Caspian Region is also essential for the Silk Road connecting Europe and Central Asia. So, due to its geopolitical position, availability of vast reserves of energy is an object of acute rivalry from both regional and non-regional powers. Competitions among major powers and conflictual claims of littoral states over its resources have influences on state strategies, programs, foreign policy concepts related to the region.
History and development trends of Egyptian cities in the 19th century
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Turekulova Zh.E. , Zhumabekov M.U. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Published: March 2021

Egypt has always attracted the attention of researchers as one of the oldest centers of civilization; many historical, geographical, cultural and religious studies have been devoted to its study. Taking into account the fact that the Arab Republic of Egypt occupies a leading position in the modern Arab East, more attention in historical and cultural studies is paid to the problems of the formation of Egypt, the history of its political, socioeconomic, cultural, literary and religious movements of modern and modern times. However, the processes of urbanization in Egypt today are on the periphery of sociocultural research, they are not given due attention. The beginning of the 19th century and the reforms of Muhammad Ali, as well as the construction of the Suez Canal, can be considered a conventional starting point for urbanization. The scientific article shows a direct relationship between the construction of the Suez Canal and the processes of Europeanization of the country launched by Muhammad Ali and his successors. The creation of large European cities, the impetus for the development of which was given by the construction of the Suez Canal, was subjected to a detailed analysis.
New Methods and Technologies in the Professional Training of Specialists in the Sphere of Archeology and Ethnology
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Umitkaliyev U.U. , Lbova L.V. ,   Novosibirsk State University, Khabdulina M.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of experience in implementing the international project of L.N. Gumilyov ENU (Republic of Kazakhstan) and NSU (Russia) in 2019. The international scientific and educational project “Antiquities of the Great Steppe in the Millennium Stream: Innovations in the Methodology of Archaeological and Ethnological Research” was held in the format of a summer field school. Stationary archeological camp of ENU in the East Kazakhstan region Kyrykungir site was the venue of project. In scientific terms, the project aims to develop and improve innovation methods in archeology and ethnography field research. In the educational aspect, the project pursued the expansion of professional experience and advanced training of students, Masters and PhD students, and young professionals. Next task the development of communication in the youth community took place. The school program covered a wide range of types of training: lectures, workshops, participation in archeological excavations of different archeology epochs objects, field archeological and ethnographic thematic excursions, own scientific presentation. Equally significant was the range of thematic areas relevant to modern archeology and ethnology. The organization and conduct of joint scientific projects contribute to the improvement of the qualifications of young specialists and are consistent with the goals of integrating academic science and higher education. The method of summer field schools forms as a «center of quality» corresponding to the intellectual environment and infrastructure in the field of humanitarian education in the modern world.
The role of Istihsan methodology in giving fatwah
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kenshilik T. , Kairbekov N.E. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Okan S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

This article studies Hanafiyah in Kazakhstan and its Istihsan methodology. Istihsan is the name of a separate evidence-based approach to general religious judgment regarding need and necessity. It is emphasized that the Istihsan evidence-based approach is special in optimally governing contemporary issues of public relations and in addressing religious issues. In addition, the role of Istihsan in Shari’ah, its types, and its potential contributing to the strengthening of the historical and ideological integrity of the Kazakh society and strengthening of human brother hood are also examined. Istihsan is a kind of argument based on finding a way, creating opportunities when the conditions of society or times make life difficult in accordance with the requirements of Islam. This does not mean going beyond (Quran, Sunnah). Probably deviate from the general rule and make a different verdict based on necessity, without an external judgment on us, ijma and qiyas. Istihsan is one of the proofs of Islamic scholars, especially Hanafi scholars. Scholars also divide istihsan into several types, for example, istihsan of the Koran, istihsan of the Sunnah, istihsan ijma, istihsan of customs, istihsan of necessity and istihsan qiyasa. That is, istihsan and other Sharia arguments are based on evidence.
Entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan: A brief history
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mami A.T. , Dukenbayeva Z.O. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: March 2021

Entrepreneurship is a specific way of doing business and a special type of economic thinking based on independent work. Entrepreneurship is a system aimed at the privatization of state property, creating competition in the market and forming a market economy. The history of business development spans several centuries, and the emergence of modern understanding is associated with the period of formation and development of capitalism. The concept of entrepreneurship appeared in the XVIII century and received the concept of «owner». The process of formation of market relations in Kazakhstan has a great impact not only on the economy, but also on the politics, social relations, culture and mentality of our society. In this sense, the science of history, like all spheres of life, must respond to constant changes. Under their influence, there is a significant change in the research topic in modern historiography, a study is being made of the methods of theoretical understanding of the material in the context of modern social requirements for historical work. The article analyzes the course of entrepreneurial activity in Kazakhstan in 2010-2020 based on statistics, archival data and some information that never been used in scientific circles, identifies trends in the development of entrepreneurship.
World heritage in Abay Kunanbayev’s works as the core of Kazakh spirituality
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kasbayeva G.S.
Published: March 2021

Over the years, the spiritual heritage of the great Abai Kunanbayev has been studied in terms of various aspects of socio-humanitarian science, such as linguistics, literary criticism, philosophy, history, psychology, sociology, etc. This article reflects the creative intentions of the thinker, who raised the spiritual potential of the Kazakh people to the world level, as well as the influence of European and Russian culture on Abai’s work. In Hakim Abai’s works, the problems of the national life of the Kazakhs, their worldview, character, religion, mentality, language and spirituality are raised, which are an invaluable heritage for the modern younger generation. As we know that in Abai’s studies, the main object is a person, i.e. personality who is perfect and worthy of respect. The scientist-thinker deeply impressed by aesthetic, ethical preferences, dreams, the meaning of life, feelings and intuition, the peculiarities of being and thinking of his imaginary image of a perfect Kazakh. Abai’s poems are rich in philosophical reflections and patriotic appeals. He found inspiration in Kazakh folklore and preached ideas and images of national heroes. Furthermore, the article represents the connection between the achievements of Abai’s poetic heritage and its creative potential in general.
Justification of politics during the Soviet Stalinist era in Kazakhstan from a historical point of view
Authors:   Pamukkale University, Haytoğlu E. , Arkhymatayeva A. Zh. ,   Pamukkale University
Published: March 2021

The main aspects in historical development of the Republic of Kazakhstan were Stalin’s s policy in the 20 – 30s of the twentieth century which was famous as “the Great Repression”. The article was written on the basis of different researches and the historical record. It provides information on eliminating the traditional structure in Kazakhstan by the Soviet government in Stalin’s time, measures to weaken the social and economic forms of the traditional agriculture of the Kazakh people, the country’s industrialization policy, mass collectivization and creation of collective and State farms, the policy on confiscation of the wealthy peasants’ property and challenges related to the population decline. To establish the socialist structure based on the ideology of economy, the political structure and the culture in the Soviet time was carried out with unprecedented extent in the mentality of Kazakh society and consequences of ambiguity which have not occurred in the past .It is significant to realize general trends in the social transformations of the Eurasian multicultural space, the modernization and the culture in order to study this unique experience. The current situation analysis of the scientific knowledge requires understanding Kazakh history from a conceptual viewpoint and clarifying a number of events of selected period. Kazakhstan passed the difficult path in restructuring of a new policy, the economy and the social culture as part of the Soviet Union.
Information and psychological security and mass culture in the modern global process
Authors:   Tashkent State University of Transport, Yunusova N.Sh.
Published: March 2021

Today there are many global problems that cause concern for the entire world community. All civilized humanity must be involved in the fight against environmental, social, economic, terrorist, and transnational crimes. In this series, special attention is required to themselves threats, potentially fraught with the danger of violating the national and information security of the state. In the context of globalization and widespread dissemination of information technologies, the need to analyze this problem is extremely urgent. One of the consequences of globalization is the formation and development of mass culture, the consumption of its products. This process cannot be assessed unambiguously, but nevertheless, most researchers focus on the negative consequences of this process, which threatens human spirituality and the «dehumanization» of the culture of mankind. In modern conditions, a serious problem arises of the influence of computerization and the spread of information technologies on the human psyche, on his mental organization. The above issues are analyzed in this article
Study of scientific community by methods of ethnology: gender approach relevance
Authors:   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, Pushkareva N.L.
Published: March 2021

The article describes the methodology and methods of ethnographic knowledge in the focus of their application in sociology and sociopsychology. The author turns to classical studies of M. Weber, G. Zimmel, P. Sorokin and others, who laid the foundation for the study of professional (including scientific) communities. Interdisciplinary interaction of scientific directions focused on the daily routine world, on identification of methods used by a person in society to perform routine actions, which eventually determined the research vector of ethnomethodology. The author describes the undertaken studies of the daily life of the scientific community in the conditions of the laboratory, the fixation of many actions taken by scientists that require additional microanalysis and explanations, anthropologization of the study of the scientific community, gender approach in ethnography of professions. The author considers the main task of the ethnographer of science in the study of daily practical routine activities of the scientist, in the design of «laboratory world» - social institutionalization of the scientific community. The gender aspect is important in the ethnography of science, focusing on the scientist as an active social subject, on gender inequality in scientific (academic, university) communities.
Oghuz tamgas
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Samashev S.K.
Published: March 2021

The Oghuz, whose history of emergence and development lies in the period of the VIII–XIII centuries, played a significant role in the formation of modern Turkic peoples. The Oghuz tribes consisted of 24 families. They started the process of Turkization of the peoples of the medieval Eurasian steppes. The evidence of it is the similarity of Oghuz tamgas found on the territory of Zhetysu, Syr Darya and Western Kazakhstan with tamgas of other Turkic-speaking peoples. Today Oghuz tamgas attract the attention of many domestic and foreign researchers, but scientists are only interested in genealogical and cultural aspects so far. In case tamgas are perceived as a full-fledged source, some problems related to the studies of the medieval history of the Great belt of steppes can be solved, for example, such as clarifying the geography of distribution of the Oghuz tribes, analyzing their political and economic activity, as well as determining the degree of kinship of the Turkic peoples among themselves. The article considers the pronounced differences and similarities of Oghuz tamgas in different written sources, the synchronicity of the existence of tamgas in the Turkic world, and how well the problem is studied.The results of preliminary research indicate the presence and preservation (based on the monuments) of Oghuz tamgas among Kazakhs, Turks, Azerbaijanis, Kirghiz, Tatars, Turkmens, Nogais, Bashkirs. This, in turn, indicates the existence of Turkic unity in the researched territories during the periods of the proliferation of Oghuz tamgas.
The concept of the «war» in pre-Islamic period and its connection with the modern jihad
Authors:   Egyptian University of Islamic Culture «Nur-Mubarak», Amangeldi T. , Sandybayev Zh.S. ,   Egyptian University of Islamic Culture «Nur-Mubarak»
Published: March 2021

The article includes the concept of war in the pre-Islamic period and the main reasons for its occurrence, as well as the analysis of jihad, one of the religious concepts that causes complicated issues in the modern world nowadays. During the analysis of the concept of «jihad» it was shown that it is a battle, subject to the principles of Sharia, while the concept of war is hostile actions that arose due to ignorance. A comparison was also made between the correct concept of «jihad» from the point of view of Islamic scholars and the misunderstanding of extremist movements. The article defines that the main goal of the concept of jihad in Islam is to guide on the right path, and it is a means leading to this path. An analysis of the jihad concept makes it clear that it is a systematic fight that follows principles and does not go beyond sharia. The article determines the reasons behind the confusion between the jihad and extremism and elucidates their differences, while also considering why despite a widespread misconception it cannot be used as a reason for war. In addition, the concept of «jihad» changes from time to time, from place to place, from situation to situation, from society to society, from person to person. It was explained that individuals and certain groups and organizations do not have the right to declare jihad at will, and all Islamic scholars are unanimous in their opinion that the actions of some terrorist extremist groups are incompatible with Islam.
Correlation of logical and intuitive knowledge in cognition
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhakhina T.S.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the philosophical problems of classical logic and intuition, which is a necessary tool for the cognitive process. The role and significance of logic in the history of philosophy, the relationship between logic and intuition, their role in cognitive activity. The significance, role and stages of creativity in the aspect of modern problems of cognition, as well as the relationship between creativity and intuition are considered. The insufficiency of discursive thinking in scientific problems is proved, and intuitive thinking is considered as heuristic knowledge that generates new ideas. The analysis of definitions of intuition by philosophers in the history of epistemology is carried out. The classification of intellectual intuition is given. Logic and intuition are considered not as antipodes, but as forms of thinking closely related and complementary to each other.
A Review : Wetlands as Treasure of Earth by Providing Ecological Benefits, Threats to Wetlands and Conservation of Wetlands
Authors: Gajjar Juhi , Solanki Hitesh
Published: March 2021

Wetlands are very important as they provide valuable services to human and ecology. It protects the land from flood, erosion and soil degradation. It is very important for biodiversity, as shelter for migratory birds. Water of wetlands are used for irrigation and drinking purposes. It is very important to know the quality of water and soil. As Wetlands has many threats due to human activities, access use of wetland products, irrigation and pollution. There are many projects for conservation of wetlands. It is necessary to take immediate action to protect wetlands.
PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK TANI DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS HASIL PERTANIAN DI DESA TEGAL KUNIR LOR KECAMATAN MAUK KABUPATEN TANGERANG
Authors: Saputra Asep
Published: March 2021

The community empowerment is an effort to provide power or empowerment to the community. According to one expert in which he defines community empowerment, namely as the community's ability to develop and be interrelated so that it has the aim of finding new innovations in a community development. (Mardikanto, 2014). The community Empowerment to be precise in the field of agriculture and several Farmer Groups in Tegal Kunir Lor Village is one of the places that becomes objects to improve the quality of agricultural products. This research uses descriptive study and uses qualitative research methods. Based on the research results, empowerment and development needed to be increased towards planting and farmer motivation. The obstacles faced need to be conquered with the problem of not optimal irrigation or irrigation channels to the rice fields. The paddy fields and irrigation infrastructure and agricultural tools are not yet complete. So, it has not made the agriculture managed by the Farmer Group not able to optimize the paddy fields. Implementation of community spirit has not been optimal regarding several issues of awareness that had not been overcome. Enthusiasm of the community has not fully volunteered to enter the Farmer profession in the village of Tegal Kunir Lor so that only a few people, especially the elderly, are doing rice planting in the fields. Village Government, BPP Agricultural Extension Agency, Village Office Staff need to go counseling to encourage residents around the village. This effort is made to create a resilient agriculture that requires quality human resources and make a successor for future progress through agricultural extension activities with an approach farmer groups that support agriculture-based agribusiness system.
Stratégies d’enseignement de la chimie professionnelle à un niveau professionnel et technologique moyen présentes dans les articles scientifiques
Authors: Correa Marcia Lopes , Dias Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Fecury Amanda Alves , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Fernandes Erlyson Farias
Published: March 2021

L’enseignement de la chimie n’est pas une tâche aussi facile pour les enseignants formés à l’époque contemporaine. Le processus de mise à jour de votre CV doit être une constante dans la profession. L’enseignant doit planifier ses cours avec une langue qui permet à l’élève de mieux comprendre le contenu expliqué. L’une des façons de travailler avec la chimie pourrait être de faire participer activement l’élève au processus. Les produits agrochimiques sont des sujets réalisables à médiation de cette manière et peuvent potentiellement augmenter l’intérêt des étudiants pour la discipline. Cet article vise à identifier les stratégies d’enseignement de la chimie à un haut niveau professionnel et technologique présentes dans les articles scientifiques sur le thème «pesticides». La méthodologie choisie pour cette étude était une approche qualitative centrée sur le souci de la réalité. L’observation de cette brève enquête permet de conclure que l’enseignement de la chimie dans les groupes du secondaire peut et doit être lié au domaine de la recherche et de la diffusion scientifique; il existe plusieurs outils didactiques qui permettent des voies plus affirmées liées à l’enseignement de la chimie; et relier le contenu de la chimie à des matières interdisciplinaires et spécifiques, comme les pesticides, peut aider à une meilleure compréhension du contenu de la chimie chez les élèves du secondaire.
КОМБІНОВАНИЙ ПІДХІД ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ МАРКЕТИНГОВОЇ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ
Authors: Черній Владислав , Творонович Вікторія
Published: March 2021

У статті доведено, що подальші дослідження мають бути спрямовані на кількісну оцінку таких критеріїв, як економічна, організаційна та соціальна ефективність стратегічного розвитку. Сучасний етап соціально-економічного розвитку розглядається як цифрова економіка, в якій інноваційний сектор відіграє важливу роль. Сьогодні економічне зростання та конкурентоспроможність території все більше залежить від її здатності використовувати трансформаційні можливості Інтернету, комп’ютерів та даних для створення своїх цифрових зображень. Незважаючи на фундаментальний внесок у розробку проблеми практичного стратегічного планування на підприємствах муніципального транспорту, питання організації реалізації маркетингової та економічної стратегії розвитку цих підприємств та методологічних інструментів їх реалізації залишаються невирішеними. Метою статті є обґрунтування організаційних заходів щодо впровадження інтегрованих маркетингових та економічних стратегій розвитку комунальних транспортних підприємств шляхом оцінки існуючих підходів та на основі постулатів теорії організації.
Social marginalization and its relationship with cultural participation in Mexico
Authors:   Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Reyes-Martínez Javier , Martínez-Martínez Óscar Alfonso
Published: March 2021

Mexico is a country with a wide range of social marginalization. The intersection of this phenomenon and cultural participation has been little studied. Bearing this in mind, the central question of this work is: can the attendance toc ultural events and the type of events in which Mexicans participate be related to their marginalization level? In order to answer this question, a qualitative exploratory study was designed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (N=247) infour Mexican states (Mexico City, Tamaulipas, Estado de Mexico, and Oaxaca). Data were processed through a thematic analysis that shows a relationship between marginalization and cultural participation in three large subjects: the facility or difficulty to participate incultural activities and events,the expressed interest in it, and the perceived benefits of the interviewee on these actions. These topics vary according to the marginalization level, confirming the need for cultural policy design to include marginalization as a key issue of cultural participation.
Coyhaique Cultural Center and crowdfunding as a financing strategy
Authors:   Universidad de Aysén, Chile, Castillo-Ancami Francisco
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this work is to analyze the possibilities of crowdfunding strategies as financing alternatives to the resource management processes of cultural spaces. For this purpose, the experience of the cooperative partner program "Red de Amigos de la Cultura" of the “Centro Cultural de Coyhaique” and its results are reviewed. The review of this case leads us to evaluate the feasibility of the various existing financing alternatives for artistic and cultural projects, such as the “Ley de Donaciones Culturales” and to reflect on the role of the State in Chile as guarantor of cultural rights.
Prácticas juveniles de consumo sonoro, entre grandes plataformas y el ecosistema radiofónico: caso Colombia-España
Authors: Barrios-Rubio Andrés , Gutiérrez-García Maria
Published: March 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis y correlación de las prácticas juveniles de consumo sonoro desde las especificidades comparativas de los ecosistemas universitarios colombianos y españoles. Mediante una metodología cuantitativa-cualitativa aplicada a una muestra de 160 sujetos, se confirma un patrón de corte generacional tanto en el uso de dispositivos como en el tipo de contenido demandado. Asimismo, se perfila la irrupción de un consumidor híbrido en cuya sonoesfera digital conviven contenidos procedentes de plataformas globales, radiofónicas y podcasts, e interesado por la oferta del ecosistema radiofónico propio.
Los estudios sobre el periodismo digital en México: dos décadas de investigación dispersa
Authors: Reyna García Víctor Hugo
Published: March 2021

Este artículo analiza la evolución de los estudios sobre el periodismo digital en México. Para tales efectos, realiza una revisión sistemática de las investigaciones empíricas sobre el periodismo digital de este país que se han desarrollado entre 2000 y 2020. Identificando cuatro líneas de investigación dominantes (hipertextualidad e interactividad, digitalización y convergencia tecnológica, desempeño profesional y modelos de financiamiento), exhibe el déficit de continuidad de cada una de ellas y el carácter disperso de los estudios que conforman este subcampo de investigación.
Memes y procesos de semiosis de la pandemia en México
Authors: Salgado Andrade Eva
Published: March 2021

Para reflexionar sobre procesos de semiosis relacionados con la pandemia por el SARSCoV-2/COVID 19 en México, se analizan memes que circularon en Internet en la primera mitad del año 2020. A partir de un marco teórico interdisciplinario se muestra cómo estos discursos digitales refuerzan la discriminación y la exclusión, propagan ideologías globales, son vehículo para la expresión colectiva de emociones y fueron un recurso semiótico para reforzar procesos súbitos y masivos de coerción semiótica (como la sana distancia o el confinamiento) o para contribuir a la reconversión semiótica que ha implicado la “nueva normalidad”.
La caravana migrante centroamericana: pobreza, violencia y miedo bajo el prisma de los derechos humanos
Authors: Castellano González Cristina I. , Martínez Rodríguez David Israel
Published: March 2021

En este artículo, indagaremos algunas de las aristas que provocan el fenómeno migratorio de las caravanas migrantes centroamericanas. Iniciaremos con el tema de la pobreza entendida como incertidumbre económica radical, enseguida nos ocuparemos de la violencia y el miedo como factores determinables para impulsar la migración. Con el apoyo de una metodología reflexiva en donde se toma en cuenta la investigación en Derechos Humanos, articularemos un análisis sobre los vértices que conectan estas dos dimensiones para luego examinar las posibles contradicciones que encierran las caras del mundo fenoménico y el jurídico. Concluiremos con una puesta en perspectiva del debate existente sobre la ponderación de derechos, vinculado a temáticas de migración y derechos humanos.
Alternativa de solución de controversias jurídicas, a través del online dispute resolution (ODR)
Authors: Pedraza Gómez Camila
Published: March 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal, identificar la regulación que se tiene sobre los Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) en la normativa colombiana, haciendo un enfoque al arbitraje virtual como una modalidad de los ODR, toda vez que, estos son los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos que hoy por hoy resultan ser lo más novedoso en materia de resolución de controversias. En principio se pretende abordar sobre las nociones básicas que se tienen sobre el arbitraje tradicional incluyendo su naturaleza y el pacto arbitral que da paso al proceso, siguiendo con la conceptualización y distinción de los medios electrónicos como herramientas importantes para la aplicación de los ODR, seguidamente, se profundizará sobre estos ODR en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano  e internacional y en suma, poder distinguir su diferencia con un arbitramiento tradicional a través de un derecho comparado con legislaciones como México, finalizando con las respectivas conclusiones.
The state as a smart consumer to carry out public procurement of innovation
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, México, Ortega-Laurel Carlos
Published: March 2021

This article analyzes the need for the state to make purchases with the help of electronic government, which is based on innovation and development policies, factors that would make it a smart consumer. This paper presents the evolution of purchasing models, from version 0.0 to version 4.0, as a reference framework to identify and self-determine the current state of any government entity in this area. Knowing the current point in which state purchases operate allows to devise and find improvements in the procurement models so that they are oriented and transform the requirements of the 4.0 procurement model, which enables progress towards the desired public procurement of innovation, with which would initiate a demand for products and services in an intelligent way.
Strategy in smart cities and social inclusion of the elderly
Authors:   Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, México, López López Édgar Alejandro , Álvarez-Aros Érick Leobardo
Published: March 2021

Smart cities are increasingly necessary in today's society, however the social inclusion of the elderly within these seems a forgotten issue that needs to be considered for the construction of an inclusive society. The objective of this research is to explore the social inclusion of the elderly in smart cities, as well as their evolution, scientometric characteristics and trends by means of a bibliometric analysis. The work analyzes bibliometric metadata of 244 Scopus documents, published from 2010 to 2020 using Software R, Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny. The conclusions indicate that a growing interest is maintained over time, and this is perceived mainly in conferences; in addition, thematic trends reveal elements such as the internet of things, design and implementation, and e-commerce among others. Likewise, the emergence of the term inclusive smart city was evidenced, which considers the integration into society of vulnerable groups. It is expected that this work will serve as a reference for an inclusive design of smart cities.
The reassertion of hegemonic masculinity through videogames
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, Ruiz Sánchez Joel , Molina Vega Sergio Arturo
Published: March 2021

The article analyzed the reassertion of hegemonic masculinity that videogames can favor in their videogamers. The study took Gears of War as a reference and its objective was to determine if gender stereotypes are diffused through the characters of this videogame and how this influenced the vision of hegemonic masculinity perceived by the gamers of this saga. For this purpose, a Likert instrument was used, which allowed access to the perception of gamers on key aspects in the reassertion of hegemonic masculinity included in the game, such as violent behavior, the use of offensive language, the importance of physique, among other. From the analysis it was established that, despite the fact that the protagonists are violent, chauvinists and hegemonic men, most of the participants did not perceive these traits as such in the characters. The conscious non-identification of this type of aspects reflects that there is a normalization of hegemonic discourse that favours its invisibility.
Public policy for the appropriation of ICT in organizations in Mexico: the case of Prosoft
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Alvarado López Raúl Arturo
Published: March 2021

The objective of the article is to analyze the impulse to the appropriation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at the organization level through the application of the public policy called Program for the Development of the Software Industry and Innovation (Prosoft, by its acronym in Spanish), created in Mexico since 2004. The methodology is an exploratory-descriptive analysis supported by secondary information, based on some available results of the program and the certifications of the beneficiaries, in addition to basing it on a theoretical-conceptual framework on the economy of innovation. The results indicate that Prosoft, as a public policy, has managed to promote innovation activities in the ICT sector in Mexico, which has favored the processes of technological appropriation in both the public and private sectors, which is based on learning activities and construction of technological capabilities.
The role of the state in the technological development of capitalist society
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, México, Ortiz Espinoza María de los Ángeles
Published: March 2021

Based on the contributions of critical theory, the present text aims to expose in which ways the state intervenes in technological advancement within the capitalist system and the conditions in which it grants tools, both to ruling classes and to the dominated classes, to access, develop and implement technology. The argument that is upheld is that the state apparatus has to cover the necessary conditions so that knowledge in technological matters continues to be generated, but it is also essential that it provide the pertinent conditions so that the working class has the appropriate tools to be able to operate it.
Першочергові завдання плану дій щодо зменшення рівнів радону в повітрі будинків
Authors: Pavlenko T. , Operchuk А. , Aksenov N. , Fryziuk M. , Myhailenko O. , Gorval А.
Published: March 2021

У статті надано обґрунтування першочергових завдань першого етапу плану дій щодо радону в Україні.У першій частині статті була проаналізована інформація щодо середньогеометричних значень активності радону в повітрі будинків на рівні районів окремих областей України. Показано, що наявних даних недостатньо для висновків стосовно радононебезпечності майже половини території країни. Тому важливим завданням є продовження досліджень рівнів радону в повітрі будівель на ще не обстежених територіях. Для таких досліджень необхідно розробити єдині протоколи вимірювань і відповідну систему гарантій якості, в якій міжлабораторні порівняння мають стати усталеною практикою щодо перевірки достовірності результатів вимірювань. Це стане основою запровадження державних баз даних та можливості реалізації єдиного інформаційного простору щодо радіаційних ризиків.У статті міститься порівняльний аналіз існуючої в Україні нормативної бази щодо радіаційного захисту населення з міжнародними стандартами. Встановлено, що чинна нормативна база має бути переглянута та вдосконалена. Регуляторні органи повинні визначитись не тільки з величиною нормативу, а й перейти до нової одиниці – об'ємної активності радону (концентрації радону або газу радону), запровадити нормативи для робочих місць, які сьогодні взагалі відсутні.У завершальній частині статті обґрунтовано необхідність запровадження системи підготовки фахівців з питань захисту від радону та розробки стратегії комунікацій зі всіма потенційними учасниками реалізації плану дій (органами державної влади, міністерствами, регулюючими органами, бізнесом, засобами масової інформації, громадськими організаціями, населенням тощо).Визначено, що для реалізації державного плану дій необхідно розробити рекомендації для організації та затвердження регіональних програм, серед яких є методичні рекомендації, які містять основні напрями і завдання залежно від ступеня радононебезпечності певної території.
Diversity of Culturable Bacteria Isolated from Highland Barley Cultivation Soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region
Authors: PAN HU , ZHOU JIE , DAWA ZHUOMA , DAI YANNA , ZHANG YIFAN , YANG HUI , WANG CHONG , LIU HUHU , ZHOU HUI , LU XIANGYANG , TIAN YUN
Published: March 2021

The soil bacterial communities have been widely investigated. However, there has been little study of the bacteria in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially about the culturable bacteria in highland barley cultivation soil. Here, a total of 830 individual strains were obtained at 4°C and 25°C from a highland barley cultivation soil in Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region, using fifteen kinds of media. Seventy-seven species were obtained, which belonged to 42 genera and four phyla; the predominant phylum was Actinobacteria (68.82%), followed by Proteobacteria (15.59%), Firmicutes (14.29%), and Bacteroidetes (1.30%). The predominant genus was Streptomyces (22.08%, 17 species), followed by Bacillus (6.49%, five species), Micromonospora (5.19%, four species), Microbacterium (5.19%, four species), and Kribbella (3.90%, three species). The most diverse isolates belonged to a high G+C Gram-positive group; in particular, the Streptomyces genus is a dominant genus in the high G+C Gram-positive group. There were 62 species and 33 genera bacteria isolated at 25°C (80.52%), 23 species, and 18 genera bacteria isolated at 4°C (29.87%). Meanwhile, only eight species and six genera bacteria could be isolated at 25°C and 4°C. Of the 77 species, six isolates related to six genera might be novel taxa. The results showed abundant bacterial species diversity in the soil sample from the Qamdo, Tibet Autonomous Region.
Thermal Analysis by Finite Elements of Hotends for 3D Printing by Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Gutiérrez Arias Germán , Jiménez Díaz Fernando , Rúa Ramírez Edwin , Valcarcel Guzman Jorge
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, 3D printing Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) currently presents obstacles to achieve high printing speeds, mainly due to the inability of the hotend to process the filament fast enough. This article presents the results of the thermodynamic flow analysis carried out on commercial designs of hotends, in the aim intending to identify the design parameters with a higher incidence in the mass flow of material output, so therefore, in the speed and quality of printing. Finite elements thermal analysis was carried out performed in order to characterize the effect of the materials and geometric design elements of the hotends. In this analysis the behavior of the commercial, the commercial melters' behavior and the effects caused by the changes in geometry and materials were obtained. The control variables were the chamber volume and the glass transition volume of each model. These results will be used as the design criteria of a new hotend.
浅析城市市政道路设计常见问题及设计方法
Authors: 钟 佳序
Published: March 2021

近年来，在多方面利好因素的影响下，我国综合国力得到了显著的发展，从而为城市化建设工作的实施带来了诸多的机遇，促进了城市人口数量的不断增加。无论是社会发展还是民众生活都对城市市政道路工程提出了更高的要求。城市市政道路设计工作的整体水平，往往都与市政道路的实用性和功能性存在一定的关联，所以为了不断的提升城市市政道路设计的整体水平，我们还需要不断的对市政道路设计进行深入的分析研究，从而为整个社会和谐稳定发展创造良好的基础。
信息化技术在油田地面工程施工管理中的应用
Authors: 孙 峰
Published: March 2021

油田地面工程包含着诸多的内容，具有较强的系统性，如果施工中管理出现疏漏那么可能严重威胁到工程的质量安全。为此，应当加强油田地面工程施工管理。现代信息技术不断发展，在油田地面工程施工管理中应用信息化技术能够高效整合各类信息，立足于此保证管理决策的科学合理，保证顺利开展工程项目，在保证工程质量的同时有效降低施工和管理的成本，所以，应当加强油田地面工程的信息化建设，提升工程管理的时效性，保证各项管理措施的严格落实，保证油田地面工程的顺利开展。
Pedagogia cultural de empoderamento de sujeitos periféricos, negros e LGBTQIA+: uma análise do videoclipe de rap AmarElo
Authors: Godoi Marcos , Moraes Julianne Caju de Oliveira Souza , Matos Maria Aparecida de
Published: March 2021

A mídia e a música podem ser consideradas pedagogias culturais, que transmitem mensagens, ajudam a educar e a forjar identidades, em uma perspectiva ampliada de educação. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever e analisar o videoclipe da música “AmarElo”, do rapper brasileiro Emicida, as histórias de vida dos seus personagens e comentários de internautas como produtos de uma pedagogia cultural. O quadro teórico-metodológico se apoia nos Estudos Culturais e nas contribuições das teorias antirracista e queer. O método de análise baseou-se na Análise do Discurso e na Semiologia. O corpus foi composto pelo videoclipe, um vídeo sobre os personagens e em 12 comentários de internautas sobre o videoclipe. Os resultados revelaram que: os personagens são pessoas negras, LGBTQIA+ e moradores da periferia com histórias de vida de superação; o videoclipe aborda as dificuldades cotidianas dessas pessoas, e por outro lado, suas conquistas e empoderamento por meio do estudo, do trabalho, do esporte e das artes. Os internautas se identificam com a mensagem do videoclipe e têm uma postura crítica em relação ao racismo, à homofobia, ao sistema socioeconômico e ao sistema político conservador. O videoclipe “AmarElo” é uma pedagogia cultural de resistência, superação e encorajamento dos sujeitos que vivem na periferia, negros e LGBTQIA+.
Avaliação da Assistência Pré-Natal segundo o Modelo de Atenção às condições crônicas no Paraná
Authors: Theis Laís Carolini , Passero Karina , Westphal Camila Michelle , Costa Wanessa Aparecida da , Moysés Simone Tetu
Published: March 2021

Avaliar a assistência pré-natal ofertada às mulheres atendidas no Sistema Único de Saúde do Paraná de modo a contribuir na tomada de decisão de gestores. Trata-se de um estudo transversal descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com gestantes que realizaram o acompanhamento pré-natal em serviços de saúde pública de uma região de saúde do estado do Paraná, no ano de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio de prontuário eletrônico e registros em planilhas dos gestores locais. Os resultados evidenciaram que das 89 gestantes que realizaram acompanhamento pré-natal, 84,3% foram captadas antes das 12 semanas, 55% foram classificadas como risco habitual. Das gestantes com risco intermediário e alto, 73,7% tiveram acesso ao serviço de atenção ambulatorial especializada. Entretanto, apenas 14,3% das gestantes tiveram registro de idade gestacional em todas as consultas, 34,8% registro de altura uterina após 12 semanas, 37,1% registro de peso e 52,8% receberam o plano de cuidados realizados por profissionais de saúde. Apesar da maioria das mulheres serem classificada como risco habitual, 61,1% teve a cesárea como via de parto. Conclui-se que a assistência pré-natal tem sido ofertada de forma satisfatória. Entretanto, faz-se necessário que os gestores proporcionem capacitações assertivas aos profissionais envolvidos, para implementação adequada do Modelo de Atenção às Condições Crônicas visando desfechos positivos do período gravídico-puerperal.
Profil Hipertensi Di Poliklinik Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja
Authors: Ndraha Suzanna , Caesar Zulfikar , Afdilla Winda , Rianas Wiwin , Kamala Yurri , Farras Zahra , El Zegovine
Published: March 2021

Prevalensi hipertensi meningkat di seluruh dunia, terutama di negara-negara sedang berkembang. Kesadaran berobat dan pengendalian hipertensi lebih berhasil di Amerika Utara dibandingkan negara sedang berkembang dan negara miskin, termasuk Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan profil penderita hipertensi di rawat jalan Penyakit Dalam RSUD Koja.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan deskriptif secara cross sectional. Populasi dari sampel adalah pasien poliklinik rawat jalan RSUD Koja yang didiagnosis hipertensi sepanjang bulan Oktober-Desember 2018.Proporsi hipertensi di rawat jalan RSUD Koja didapatkan sebesar 36,2% dari total 334 pasien. Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah perempuan (71,1%), rentang usia antara 21–87 tahun, kelompok usia terbanyak 41–60 tahun, rerata tekanan darah sistolik (TDS) 153 (19.3) mmHg dan rerata tekanan darah diastolik (TDD) 84 (14.3) mmHg, sebagian besar IMT normal, sebanyak 60 % tidak rutin minum obat dan tekanan darahnya tidak mencapai target. Pasien hipertensi pada umumnya kurang patuh terhadap pengobatan karena ketidaktahuan mengenai cara mengkonsumsi obat. Banyak pasien (47%) beranggapan bahwa apabila tekanan darah sudah stabil maka obat tidak perlu dikonsumsi lagi. Proporsi hipertensi sebesar 36.2% dari total pasien rawat jalan, sebagian besar (60%) tidak terkendali karena tidak rutin berobat dengan alasan terbanyak adalah karena ketidaktahuan (47%)