bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fechamento cirúrgico do forame oval patente na prevenção de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico recorrente em casos de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico criptogênico: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Moraes Maria Fernanda de Oliveira , Rezende Rafael Carraro de , Bellini Caio Sachetto Toledo , Gomes Maria Inês Boechat
Published: October 2024

O forame oval patente (FOP) é caracterizado pelo não fechamento do orifício que comunica os átrios durante a vida fetal. Esse tipo de anomalia cardíaca pode contribuir para a circulação de trombos no sistema sanguíneo, o que pode, consequentemente, causar um acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) criptogênico. Para tais pacientes, é indicado tanto a terapia antitrombótica (TAT) quanto o fechamento cirúrgico do FOP (FCFOP). O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar a eficácia do FCFOP, comparado à TAT, na prevenção de AVCI recorrente em pacientes com FOP que sofreram AVCI criptogênico. Para isso, foram analisados estudos de coorte revisões sistemáticas e ensaios clínicos publicados nos últimos 10 anos na base de dados MedLine, utilizando descritores “Patent foramen ovale”, “Cryptogenic stroke” e “Antiplatelets”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, quatro estudos foram incluídos na análise. Os resultados dos estudos selecionados indicam que há divergências quanto à eficácia do FCFOP na redução do risco AVCI recorrente, em comparação à TAT, para os pacientes considerados. Contudo, essa redução se mostra mais significativa (p<0.05) ao considerar subgrupos de pacientes com shunt largo e aneurisma do septo interatrial (ASI). Esses fatores, conforme a literatura prévia, estão associados à recorrência de AVCI criptogênico, o que pode ter contribuído para a maior eficácia do FCFOP nesses pacientes. Conclui-se que o FCFOP apresentou maior eficácia na prevenção de AVCI recorrente, em comparação à TAT, em pacientes com shunt largo ou ASI, portanto, tende a ser mais indicado para esses pacientes.
Impact of Yoga on quality of life and role of social media
Authors: Singh Satyam k , Dongre Sandeep
Published: October 2024

Yoga is the art of living. Yoga is an invaluable heritage given by the ancient Vedic sages of India. Which has been propagated all over the world. In this research paper, how it is possible to achieve various dimensions of life through Yoga and how effective social media has proven and can be in that, has been discussed. In this research paper, the role of media in studying the effect of yoga on body, mind and soul and propagating yoga has been discussed. Various dimensions of quality of life - physical, mental, physical
Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalism: A Comprehensive Review of AI in Journalism
Authors: Verma Deepika
Published: October 2024

This comprehensive article investigates the dynamic integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in journalism, tracing its evolution from the initial stages of computer-assisted reporting to the current advanced applications and ethical dilemmas. The paper offers an in-depth analysis of AI’s Impact on journalism, highlighting both the enhancements in efficiency, personalization, and data reporting, as well as the challenges posed by ethical concerns, potential job displacement, and the risks of misinformation. The paper examines real-world applications and controversies surrounding AI in newsrooms, including the use of automated content generation and AI-driven editorial decisions. A critical discussion on ethical considerations is presented, focusing on transparency, accountability, and bias in AI systems and the need for ethical standards and industry-wide collaboration. Looking forward, the article speculates on the future of AI in journalism, emphasizing the continuous essential role of human journalists and the potential technological advancements. This work underscores the necessity of a balanced approach in harnessing AI’s capabilities in journalism, ensuring that technological progress aligns with maintaining journalistic integrity and ethical standards.
Association of Socio-economic and Media Exposure on Inequality of Micronutrients Intake among Children in Odisha: A District Level Analysis from NFHS-5 (2019-21)
Authors: Ao Moatula , Pangkam Moti , Sen Rahul , Mundu Grace Bahalen
Published: October 2024

Micronutrient deficiency is a major contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality in low and middleincome countries, where about 149 million children are affected by stunting and 45 million are wasted and almost half of the deaths are linked to undernutrition. Many children under age five years suffer from micronutrient deficiencies and more than one-third of them suffer from anemia. Therefore, sufficient intake of micronutrients is crucial for maintaining good health and preventing chronic diseases. Thus, the objective of the paper is to understand the contribution of socio-economic and the role of media in the inequality of micronutrient intake among children in Odisha. The study used the National Family Health Survey-5, 2019-21 (NFHS-5) from a sample of 2322 children of 6 to 23 months in Odisha. Statistical techniques such as bivariate and concentration index was used and STATA 17 was used for analyzing the data. Results found that overall, 74 and 29% of children aged 6 to 23 months were consuming food rich in vitamin A and iron. Among the districts, Ragayada and Debagrah districts show the highest and lowest intake of vitamin A, while in terms of iron-rich food, Ragayada and Cuttack show the highest and lowest intake of micronutrients. Socio-economic and demographic factors such as the mother’s education, age of the children, social category, religion and wealth index show inequality of micronutrient intake. Media exposure also contributes in inequality of micronutrient intake among children. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to focus on the disproportionate concentration by socio-economic inequality in micronutrient intake to reduce the gap in health outcomes. On the other hand, media can act as a bridge to minimize the inequality of micronutrient-rich food intake for behavioral change among the community and adopt healthy food choices.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Education System
Authors: Yadav Beenum , Sharma Kun
Published: October 2024

Education is likely to be the area where Artificial Intelligence (AI) will have the greatest impact, due to the importance of learning and the limitations of current educational options. AI is beneficial for two reasons: it requires less human effort and provides quick results. However, there is a concern about whether we are truly learning when we rely too heavily on technology. AI will also affect employment rates, either leading to mass job layoffs or increased workload on employees. When we look back at ancient history, we can understand that real education was technology-free and practical. Students from different backgrounds had access to similar knowledge from similar gurus at similar places. Today, we promise equal education and fair employment for everyone, but we also widen the gap between rich and poor, which challenges the fundamental rights of human beings. We can learn about the qualities of a good teacher from the Bhagavad Gita, the most influential book in our culture, in which Lord Krishna guides Arjun.
Study of the relationship between AI and television news anchors
Authors: Singh Neeraj k. , Raman Saket
Published: October 2024

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in media and TV news is increasing day by day. The emergence of AI news anchors for TV news clearly poses a challenge or rather a threat to traditional human employment in news. News GPT, as the leading AI-driven news channel, signals a shift towards automated content production and this gives rise to concerns of job losses for traditional media professionals. These trends are not limited to one region; Countries like China, Kuwait and Russia have also introduced AI, signaling the beginning of global change in media production. While this is touted as a revolutionary advancement, the lack of inclusivity and diversity in these AI anchors neither raises questions about their global authenticity but rather reinforces existing prejudices in presentation. AI technology is reshaping the media world globally, but amid all this, there remains a situation of uncertainty as to what extent this technology will maintain the inclusivity and global integrity of AI news anchors.
Strategizing in Turmoil: Unveiling Effective Internal Crisis Communication Practices amidst Contemporary Disruptions
Authors: Rathore Sunaina , Arora Manpreet
Published: October 2024

This study explores the theoretical development of literature on “internal crisis communication strategies” particularly during and post COVID-19 pandemic. The study underlines the importance of internal communication management, particularly during the crisis and post-crisis, as crisis affects internal communication initially and external communication subsequently. Also, the field of internal crisis communication has become more relevant post-pandemic. Through Scopus database analysis, literature review, and news analysis, it identifies that “crisis response” is an emerging area of research that highlights the importance of crisis response in the internal communication strategies for the managers and leaders. Some identified themes such as “employee communication behavior” and “employee engagement” and, some unhighlighted themes such as “digital transformation”, “employee welfare or safety”, “management of human capital at the digital workplace”, “Emotional Artificial Intelligence”, “corporate travel management” and “cyberthreats and cyber-attacks” amidst crisis are yet to be extensively explored more in future. There is also a significant need for regular conduct of corporate training sessions at the organizational level and professional courses to teach internal business communication at the collegiate level. Moreover, the existing literature on internal crisis communication still lacks rigorous research to highlight the strategic development of internal communication amidst crisis. There is a need for more debate over the types of internal communication tactics employed to foster employee engagement and trust in crisis.
The Role of Journalism in Promoting Environmental Awareness: A Content and Comparative Analysis of Media Platforms
Authors: Ayushi Jain  , Ashok Kumar Meena
Published: October 2024

This study investigates journalism’s role in promoting environmental awareness, focusing on the effectiveness of reporting across print, online, and broadcast media. Through content analysis, it identifies key themes and narrative strategies. A comparative analysis reveals differences in audience reach, engagement, and coverage depth, with digital media showing significant influence. The study also addresses challenges in environmental reporting and offers recommendations for improvement. These findings provide valuable insights for journalists, media organizations, and policymakers seeking to use journalism to advance sustainability.
Excavación fina y saneamiento dental de la fundación de la presa del Ramal H,Tandil
Authors: Giaconi Luis Mario , Flores Roberto M. , Giordano Ricardo Eduardo , Cumba Andrea , De Luca Esteban , Giaconi Mario Nicolás
Published: October 2024

La denominada Presa del Ramal H, sita en la ciudad de Tandil (Prov. de Buenos Aires), consta de una longitud de 160 m yuna altura sobre el terreno natural de 12 metros. Se proyectó a gravedad en Hormigón sobre el macizo rocoso identificado enlas investigaciones. El objetivo de la construcción de la misma es la laminación de crecidas extraordinarias que anegan losbarrios de sector oriental de la ciudad. El área del proyecto abarca la pequeña cuenca hidrográfica del arroyo que desembocaprecisamente en el denominado Ramal H, desagüe pluvial entubado que finalmente desagua en el también entubado arroyodel Fuerte para descargar finalmente en el A° Langueyú. Las nacientes de la cuenca se ubican dentro del cordón serrano quedomina el área (Sierras de las Ánimas) siendo la máxima expresión geográfica del mismo el Cerro Albión, hacia la zona Estede la ciudad.El presente trabajo trata sobre la fundación de la presa del Ramal H, su caracterización geológica y geotécnica y eltratamiento aplicado a la misma durante la faz final de excavación con el objeto de producir una homogeinización de lascaracterísticas geomecánicas del substrato rocoso de apoyo mediante saneamiento dental, previo al tratamiento del mismomediante inyecciones cementíceas.
AI-Based Risk Assessments in Forensic Auditing: Benefits, Challenges and Future Implications
Authors:   Southern India Regional Council of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (SIRC of ICAI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Bharat, Ganapathy Venkatasubramanian
Published: October 2024

Forensic auditing is a critical component of ensuring financial integrity and detecting fraud within organizations. Traditional methods of risk assessment in forensic auditing often rely on manual processes, which can be time-consuming, labour-intensive, and prone to human error. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques has revolutionized the field, offering more efficient and accurate risk assessment capabilities. This abstract explores the role of AI-based risk assessment in forensic auditing, highlighting its benefits, challenges, and future implications. AI-based risk assessment leverages advanced algorithms and machine learning models to analyse large volumes of financial data, identify patterns, anomalies, and potential red flags indicative of fraudulent activities. By automating repetitive tasks such as data collection, classification, and analysis, AI streamlines the auditing process, enabling forensic auditors to focus on interpreting results and making informed decisions. One of the primary advantages of AI-based risk assessment is its ability to detect complex fraud schemes that may go unnoticed by traditional methods. Machine learning algorithms can detect subtle deviations from expected behaviour, flagging transactions or activities that exhibit unusual patterns or characteristics. Moreover, AI systems can adapt and learn from new data, continuously improving their detection capabilities over time. Another benefit of AI-based risk assessment is its scalability and efficiency. With the increasing volume and complexity of financial transactions, manual auditing processes struggle to keep pace. AI, on the other hand, can analyse vast datasets in a fraction of the time it would take a human auditor, allowing organizations to conduct more comprehensive and timely audits.
RURAL TOURISM IMPACT ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF THE LOCAL COMMUNITY: A CASE STUDY OF WESTERN SERBIA
Authors: Panić Aleksa , Vujko Aleksandra , Knežević Miroslav
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the impact of rural tourism on the quality of life in Western Serbia, focusing on four tourist villages: Koštunići, Vraneša, Sunčana reka, and Sirogojno. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach with 469 respondents, we assessed local perceptions of economic, social, and environmental influences resulting from tourism development. The Likert scale revealed positive economic effects, significant shifts in social conditions and thinking, and concerns about environmental degradation. The study underscores rural tourism’s multifaceted nature, emphasizing positive economic impacts, socio-cultural improvements, and environmental considerations. The conclusions highlight the need for responsible, sustainable practices to optimize benefits while mitigating negative consequences. Recommendations include addressing gender disparities and prioritizing environmental concerns in future rural tourism development. This research contributes to understanding rural tourism’s implications, offering insights for policymakers, local communities, and practitioners striving for balanced, prosperous, and sustainable rural development in Western Serbia and beyond.
AGRICULTURAL INPUTS USE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: THE INNOVATIVE COUNTRIES AND THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Authors: Dimitrijević Miloš S , Bošković Nikola , Veselinović Petar , Leković Miljan
Published: October 2024

Bearing in mind the increasingly pronounced world challenges such as the growth of population on the world, climate changes and pandemics, there is an increasing emphasis on healthy and safe food, as well as environmental protection. Organic production achieves the best ecological advantages compared to all other agricultural production methods. However, its application is limited due to lower yields, which requires increasing productivity. The aim of the paper is to differentiate between conventional and organic inputs (resources) and their impact on agricultural production, economic and sustainable development. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) panel regression did not show a significant difference between conventional and organic inputs for agricultural production, where it is only important to increase the amount of inputs for higher production, while the increase in total factor productivity of inputs has a positive impact on the economic and sustainable development of the observed countries.
RURAL AREAS MANAGEMENT AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES WITH EMPHASIS ON SUSTAINABLE ISLAND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Paparić Dominik , Glavaš Jerko , Ravlić Sanela
Published: October 2024

The main constraint of strategic development and management of rural areas is rooted in resource management and insufficient holistic approach to all available resources and its interdependence. Management of such areas involves thorough planning on all levels and management of changes to achieve the best competitive advantage possible. In this paper, the focus is on the strategic management of the destination (Croatian islands), the concept of sustainable development of rural areas on Croatian islands, level of permanent education of local population on the concept of sustainable development and existence of even distribution of opportunities that can enable local community to achieve socio-economic benefit. The primary survey is conducted in the observed area in 2019. The total sample of respondents is 243.
THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF FPSO IN DEEPWATER EXPLORATION: INTEGRATING SOCIAL MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS WITHIN INDUSTRY 5.0
Authors:   COPPE/UFRJ, Gonçalves Portella Anderson , Hugo Souza de Abreu Victor ,   PET/COPPE/UFRJ, dos Santos Marcos ,   IME
Published: October 2024

This study analyzes the role of Floating Production, Storage, and Offloading units (FPSO) in deepwater oil and gas exploration within the context of Industry 5.0, focusing on integrating social manufacturing systems. Reviewing common offshore exploration methods, the study identifies FPSOs as key catalysts for innovation, energy efficiency, and sustainability. The research concludes that combining FPSO with Industry 5.0 can optimize horizontal and vertical production processes, enhancing predictive maintenance, advanced safety, and waste management. Continuous innovation is highlighted as vital for addressing future challenges in deepwater exploration.
PROPOSTA DE CARTILHA DE AUTOGESTÃO A PARTIR DA BIOCONSTRUÇÃO: CENTRO DE APOIO À CRIANÇA – ILHA DA PINTADA, PORTO ALEGRE
Authors:   UNISINOS, Costella Bertei Angela , Grub Julian ,   UNISINOS
Published: October 2024

O cenário arquitetônico da Ilha da Pintada em Porto Alegre é marcado por precariedade construtiva, com técnicas tradicionais de baixa qualidade, desconsiderando habitabilidade e adaptabilidade. Este ensaio propõe uma arquitetura econômica e de fácil execução por meio da autogestão. O artigo discute a importância da autogestão participativa com técnicas não tradicionais e reaproveitamento de materiais locais, aproximando universidade e comunidade. A metodologia baseou-se na disciplina Conforto Ambiental I, levantamentos cadastrais, diagnósticos físico-ambientais e bibliografias. O resultado é uma cartilha de autogestão para um centro de apoio à criança, aplicando a bioconstrução para capacitar e sensibilizar a comunidade.
REFÚGIO E RESTAURAÇÃO: PSICOLOGIA AMBIENTAL NA CRIAÇÃO DE ACAMPAMENTOS PLANEJADOS PARA DESABRIGADOS
Authors:   UFSC, Grandi Andréia , Toralles Carbonari Luana ,   UEL, Ilha Librelotto Lisiane ,   UFSC
Published: October 2024

O artigo teve por escopo realizar uma análise por meio da Psicologia Ambiental aplicada aos Acampamentos Temporários Planejados (ATPs) para vítimas de desastres socioambientais. O objetivo foi identificar elementos e características arquitetônicas que contribuem para o conforto emocional dos refugiados nas situações de desastres. No estudo foram analisadas unidades de abrigos específicos nos casos de desastres catalogados na Plataforma Infrashelter. Como resultado, obteve-se cinco tipos de ATPs que foram organizados em um quadro, destacando os aspectos técnicos e qualitativos, a fim de analisar os pontos positivos e negativos pela perspectiva da Psicologia Ambiental. A escolha dos materiais, das cores, das texturas, da tipologia, causa um efeito que deve ser intencional para contribuir com a sensação de bem-estar.
PRICE AND OUTPUT TREND OF GINGER IN NIGERIA FOR THE PERIOD 1990 – 2020
Authors: Tanko, F.  , Ibrahim, F. D.  , Yisa, E. S.  , Ojo, O. A.
Published: October 2024

The study analyzed the price and output trend of ginger in Nigeria for the period 1990 – 2020.  The study utilized secondary data and were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as means frequency distribution, percentages, standard deviation and graph. The result shows that ginger has an all-time maximum output of 927,041 Metric tonne (MT) and an all-time minimum output of 420,000 MT over the considered time period. The all-time minimum price was ₦145/kg while the maximum price was ₦690.50/kg. The results indicate high variability in ginger output and price with standard deviation of 263,319 MT and ₦183.2479/kg, respectively. The result further revealed three major periods for Nigerian ginger production over the past 20 years. The first was from 2000-2006, characterized with a high area of ginger cultivation, averaging 169,857 (ha) or 51.3% of the global total, but a low yield, at 6,186 MT/ha. The second period ran from 2007-2014, first with a jump in yields to an average of 21,017 MT/ha from 2007-2010 and a decline in area harvested, to just 52,256 hectares, or 20.5% of the world total. This was followed by a brief spike in yields to 54,085 MT/ha in 2011 and rise in area harvested to 2013, before a reversion for both closer to 2007-2010 levels. The third period from 2015 saw yields catching up more sustainably to Asian levels, reaching 82,138 MT/ha as of 2019, while area harvested stabilized, and stood at 80,104 ha in 2019 or 21.8 of the global total. From this study, it can be concluded that Nigeria has comparative advantages in growing ginger, which is noticeable with the geographical features and well-adapted local varieties. The trend of enormous growth in ginger production and its export indicates that ginger production and trade could be a potential enterprise contributing to the national economy. It is recommended to focus on enhancing ginger productivity by providing training and extension services to farmers, efficient pricing system, establishing ginger processing units, easy and reliable certification within the country, and enhancing diplomatic relations for easy market accessibility for strengthening the ginger sub-sector.
PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF BIO-FERTILIZER POTENTIAL OF LIQUID DIGESTATE FROM NCEE PILOT ANAEROBIC BIOGAS PLANT AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BENIN
Authors: Ogbomida, E. T.  , Emeribe, C. N.  , Aganmwonyi, I.  , Ehigiegba, T. A.  , Akinmoladun, A.  , Olatunji, B. O.  , Ndem, P. A.  , Kubeyinje, B. F.
Published: October 2024

The study was carried out to determine the suitability of liquid digestate from a pilot biogas plant of the National Centre for Energy and Environment (NCEE) University of Benin, for land application.  Digestate from the anaerobic digestion of cattle rumen was characterized, specifically for heavy metal content, presence of microbacteria, nutrient profile and rhizobacterial potentials. All replicate samples of the digestate contained the metals Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, and Ni which ranged from 12.60-16.00, 30.00-38.00, 50.00-65.00, 0.20-0.60, 0.00, 0.60-0.86, 177.00-194.00, and 1.20 -1.80 mg/kg, respectively. However, their concentrations were lower than the   specified standard limits. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen concentrations were very high and ranges from 1032 to 1409 mg/kg, and 960.06-3237.62 respectively. The presence of heavy metals in the biogas digestate may have been influenced by the grasses that were regularly consumed along with various essential elements to promote optimal nutrient supply and optimum growth rates. The bacterial isolates in the processed digestates were identified to be Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and Clostridium difficle. The isolates in the processed digestates were further assessed for their rhizobacterial potentials and intriguingly. The study found that they could have beneficial effects on plants in that they could fix atmospheric nitrogen, solubilize and produce ammonia and Bacillus subtilis was also discovered to produce the plant growth hormone.
IMPACT OF BOKO HARAM'S TERRITORIAL TERRORISM ON LEGUME FARMERS' SAVINGS
Authors: Shehu, A.  , Kadafur, M. I.
Published: October 2024

The study investigates the impact of armed conflict on household savings in a weak institutions using household cross-section survey data collected in 2019 in one Boko Haram affected area (Borno State) and three non-affected areas (Kwara, Kebbi, Kaduna States and federal capital territory, Abuja) as counterfactual. Multistage sampling procedure consist of purposive and random sampling was adopted to select 956 legume farmers. The result of independent sample t-test of socioeconomic characteristics shows that legume farmers in conflict and non-conflict areas differed in terms of household size (P≤0.01), farming experience (P≤0.01), legume farming experience (P≤0.01), expenditure and saving (P≤0.01). The findings also reveal that age, years of formal education and legume farming experience are positively affecting being from conflict area (P≤0.01, P≤0.01 and P≤0.01 respectively). While farming experience, household size and expenditure are negative but significantly affecting being from conflict area (P≤0.01, P≤0.01, P≤0.01 and P≤0.05 respectively). The result further shows that the conflict has no impact on savings of the legumes farmers in North-eastern Nigeria. It’s then concluded that armed conflicts have no impact on a household saving due to viable interventions to improve farmers’ livelihood through legume farming in order to mitigate the impact of Boko-haram territorial terrorism in North-eastern Nigeria. It is hence recommended that an effective intervention could mitigate the impact of armed conflict on savings.
EFFECT OF BOKO HARAM INSURGENCY ON GOAT MARKETING IN BORNO STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Yahaya, I.  , Murtala, N.  , Ochi. J. E.  , Abdullahi, S.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the effect of Boko Haram insurgency on goat marketing in Borno State, Nigeria. A Multi stage sampling technique was used in selecting 143 goat marketers. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, marketing margin and regression analysis. The result reveal that 38.5% and 30.1% of the goat marketers were within the age brackets of 35-39 years and above 40 years, almost all (96.5%) of the goat marketers were male and Most (70.6%) of the goat marketers were married with majority (51.7%) having households between 2-3 persons and almost all (97.9%) and 42.9% of the goat marketers had Qur’anic and primary education respectively. The result further shows a total marketing cost of ₦2,140,550 with a gross margin of ₦761,450 before insurgency and net marketing income of ₦0.36 indicating that Goat marketing was a profitable venture before insurgency. similarly, a net marketing income of ₦0.01 during the insurgency. The findings also reveal that 42% and 28.7% of the goat marketers had a capital of ₦50,000-₦120,000 and ₦121,000-₦191,000 before insurgency while 44.1% of the goat marketers had a capital investment of ₦50,000-₦160,000 during insurgency. The major constraints in Goat marketing before and during insurgency were bank closure (72%), market closure (55.9%) and bomb explosion in public places (55.2%) which were ranked 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively. It was concluded that, although goat marketing enterprise in the study area was profitable, the insurgency had negative effect on the goat marketing and there was greater profit before than during the insurgency. The study recommended that government must use all means to fight the insurgence to allow farmers go back to businesses, marketers should be encouraged to form cooperatives and financial assistance should be given to the marketers in order to boost their capital.
EFFECT OF TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON OUTPUT OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN NIGERIA
Authors: Agada, J. T.  , Ugodu, D. P.  , Ochoche, C. O.
Published: October 2024

The study assessed the effect of trade liberalization on output of selected agricultural crops (rice, wheat, cocoa and cassava) in Nigeria (1986-2020). Data on the variables of the study were collected from the records of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Bank database. Data were analyzed using Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) unit root test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The result of the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test for unit root revealed that cassava output, cocoa output, rice output, wheat output, exchange rate, tariff and trade openness were found to have unit roots and became stationary on first differencing. The result of the long and short-run effects of trade liberalization on agricultural output using the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) showed that in the long run, a unit increase in trade openness will increase cassava output by 0.603 units, decrease cocoa output by 0.53 units, increase wheat output by 6.03 units and increase rice output by 3.30 units ceteris paribus. The study concludes that trade liberalization is healthy for the agricultural sector in Nigeria. The study therefore recommended that Nigeria should adopt more policies on reducing or eliminating quotas on agricultural produce that will enable the sector to grow at spectacular rates.
EFFECTS OF TILLAGE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON AND MAIZE PERFOMANCE IN THE SOUTHERN GUINEA SAVANNA OF NIGERIA
Authors: Are, E. C.  , Adeboye, M. K. A.  , Odofin, A. J.  , Eze, P. C.
Published: October 2024

The study evaluates the effects of tillage and split nitrogen fertilization on soil organic carbon and maize performance in the rainy season of 2022 at Anyigba, southern Guinea savanna agro ecological zone of Nigeria. The treatments were tillage practices with two levels, manual ridging (MR) and minimum tillage (MT) and split nitrogen fertilization with five levels 0, 30 + 60, 45 + 45, 60 + 30 kg N ha-1 applied in split form at 2 weeks after planting and at tasseling growth stage and 90 kg N ha-1 full dose applied at 2 weeks after planting. The experimental design was 2 x 5 factorial fitted to randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that there was no significant effect of the treatments on seedling emergence. Manual ridging recorded significantly higher soil organic carbon content with mean value of 28.72 g kg-1 at 2 weeks after planting compared with minimum tillage. Tillage significantly affected maize grain yield with MR recording 1.3 Mg ha-1 which was significantly higher than 1.2 Mg ha-1 recorded for MT.  There was response to N fertilization with the N fertilized treatments having significantly higher grain yield than the control treatment. The split application of N, 60 + 30 kg N ha-1 produced the highest grain yield of 2.2 Mg ha-1 which was significantly higher than of the split, 30 + 60 kg N ha-1 and the zero N treatment. Manual ridging and split application of recommended rate of N seem to be the most appropriate for maize production in the area.
ANALYSIS OF DEMAND FOR BEEF AMONG HOUSEHOLDS IN OSHIMILI SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
Authors: Nwandu, P. I.
Published: October 2024

The Study was conducted to establish the demand analysis for beef among households in Oshimili South Local Government Area, Delta State. A total of 120 respondents were randomly selected for the study and primary data was collected through the use of questionnaire and analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The result shows that 37.5% of the respondents were in the age range of 31-40 with a mean age of 38.92. Majority (66.55%) of the respondents had 6-10 persons in their household. Less than half of respondents (42.5%) were into business. Result obtained indicates that most households in the study area demanded 1.1-2.0kg of beef per week. The linear model was adopted as the best fit as it has the highest R2 value as well as highest number of significant variables. The R2 value of 0.518 implied that about 52% of the changes in the demand for beef were actually caused by the changes in the variables that were entered into the model. The size of the household had a coefficient of 421.75 and significant at P<0.01. This showed that the more the size of the household of the respondent the more the demand for meat. Level of education variable had a coefficient of 386.92 and statistically significant at P<0.005. This implied that the higher the level of education, the more the demand for beef. The price of beef with a coefficient of -499.67 and is statistically significant at P<0.01. The coefficient is also negatively signed. The implication of this is that an increase in the price of beef will lead to a decrease in the demand of the products. The level of income of respondents with coefficient of 982.08 and is statistically significant at P<0.01. This implies that the more the income of the consumer the more they demand meat products all things being equal. It was recommended that Government should subsidize the cost of inputs for cattle production, this will in turn cause a reduction in the price of beef.
RESPONSE OF NODULATION AND DRY MATTER YIELD OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) merr.) TO TILLAGE IN SANDY LOAM SOILS
Authors: Ayuba, J.  , Jeremiah, T. S.  , Abraham, P.  , Geoffrey, K.
Published: October 2024

A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of Adamawa State College of Education Hong during the rainy season of the year 2021 to determine the effects of tillage on nodulation and dry matter yield of soybean (Gylcine max (L.) Merr.) The experiment consisted of six treatments namely Conventional Tillage (CT), Ridge Tillage (Rg-T), Mulch Tillage (MT), Minimum Tillage with Residues (M + R), Reduced Tillage (RT) And No - Tillage (NT) laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in three replications with each plot measuring 12 m2 and a discard of 1m2 between plots, and total area of 216 m2. Data on plant dry matter weight and number of nodules were collected and analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using (SAS) program and differences observed were separated using LSD. Results obtained revealed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) in dry matter and nodule number/ha with the mulched treatments giving the highest dry matter yield of 3213.1 kg/ha and nodule numbers of 4222.0 kg/ha at harvest. The least dry matter weight was obtained from the No-Tillage treatment with 172.5 kg/ha and a nodule weight of 1672.0 kg/ha. Thus, dry matter weight in the Mulch Tillage treatment were 63.7% higher than the Conventional Tillage while the nodule number was 61.6% greater in the Mulch Tillage than in the Conventional Tillage treatments. Therefore, the plants raised on the Mulch Tillage treatments gave the best result among the treatments and may be the most appropriate for optimum growth and yield of soybean. Adoption of Mulch Tillage as a complement to or instead of the conventional tillage currently used by soybean farmers in the study area, has the potential to significantly increase soybean output.
APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) TO SMALL-SCALE SORGHUM PRODUCERS IN YOBE STATE, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Umar, S. M.  , Makama, S. A.  , Abba, K. Z.
Published: October 2024

The study investigated the efficiency of small-scale sorghum production in Karasuwa Local Government area of Yobe State. North East, Nigeria. Using primary data of 2020 rainy season, the research employed a multi-stage random sampling procedure and selected 120 respondents from four sorghum-growing villages (Bukarti, Ga sma, Jaji-Maji, and Karasuwa) of the local government. The efficiency of producers, their socioeconomics profile and constraints associated with sorghum production were estimated using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and Descriptive Statistics. The results of the DEA indicated that, 15% and 62% of the total farmers in the study area were found to be efficient under constant returns to scale assumptions respectively. Similarly, 81 and 12 DMUs operated on increasing and constant Returns to Scale respectively. Besides, a total of 73.4% and 80.8% with respect to Technical and Pure Technical efficiency scores had between 0.6 and 1.00 scale scores indicating that farmers in the study area make use of optimal resources to maximize profit. Major constraints identified include; inadequate capital, high cost of inputs and lack of credit facilities. The study therefore recommends provision of adequate credit facilities to farmers, subsidies on farm inputs, high yielding varieties and other policy intervention that would improve productivity per hectare.
FERTILITY CAPABILITY EVALUATION OF SOILS OF CONTRASTING LITHOLOGIES IN BENDE LGA, ABIA STATE, NIGERIA FOR SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION
Authors: Nwaoba, O. W.  , Okonkwo, E. I.
Published: October 2024

A study was conducted to evaluate the fertility capability of soils of different lithologies in Bende LGA., Abia state Nigeria. Free survey method was used to identify seven (7) mapping units namely Bende Asata Nkporo/Ezeaku shale (BDAES), Bende Imo shale group (BDISG), Bende Ameki Formation (BDAF), Bende false bedded sandstone (BDFBS), Bende Upper coal measures (BDUCM), Bende lower coal measure (BDLCM) and Bende Aluvium (BDALM).  Twelve (12) pedons namely OW01- OW12 were dug, described and sampled following FAO guidelines. Samples were collected, prepared and analysed in the laboratory using standard techniques. The results revealed that percentage sand dominated in the particle size analysis followed by clay and silt and were generally acidic (4.20 – 6.50). Total N (0.02 – 0.21 %) and Exchangeable K (0.08 – 1.08 cmolkg-1) were low. Available P of the soils were generally moderate (9.20 – 28.5 mgkg-1). In all the soils, exchangeable cations were low to moderate for calcium (0.10 – 8.80 cmolkg-1), Magnesium (0.60 – 3.80 cmolkg-1) and Sodium (0.006 – 0.38 cmolkg-1). Assessment of the soils’ potentials with respect to fertility capability classification (FCC) placed the soils into five FCC units; LCghk, Lhk, LChk, Lgkf and Lghf. The finding identified problems and potentials of the soils and recommends the FCC units spatial maps generated as an advisory tool to farmers and soil scientists to make informed decisions on the appropriate fertility management for sustainable use of the soil.
ANALYSIS OF CULTURE FISH PRODUCTION IN NIGER AND KEBBI STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: Oyediran, B. O.  , Ndanitsa, M. A.  , Ojo, M. A.  , Yisa, E. S.
Published: October 2024

The study focused on culture fish productions in Niger and Kebbi States Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 150 and 119 fish farmers in Niger and Kebbi States, respectively. Data were analysed using farm budget techniques, economic value addition model, and measurement of marketing efficiency. Results showed a net farm income of N444,896 and N393,077 per 1000 stocks of fingerlings for producers in Niger and Kebbi States respectively. Also, in Niger State per 1000 stocks of fingerlings in the 2022 production season, the value added was N1,605,411.11, while in Kebbi State, the value added was N1,500,275.00. The efficiency of the producers in Niger State per 1000 stocks of fingerlings in the 2022 production season was 2.4815, while that of Kebbi State was 2.2914. In conclusion, the producers in Niger State were more efficient in fish production. Given that both states were able to add substantial value to the fish produced, it was therefore recommended that the state government and other relevant stakeholders invest in value-added processing facilities.
EFFECTS OF DROUGHT AND FARMERS' ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SOKOTO, STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Bature, C.  , Olaleye, R. S.  , Tsado, J. H.
Published: October 2024

The study examined the effects of drought and farmers' adaptation strategies on agricultural production systems in Sokoto, State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 221 respondents comprises of 111 crop farmers, 45 livestock farmers and 65 mixed farmers. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire complemented with interview schedule. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The regression analysis revealed that 73%, 83% and 90% of variations in Crop, Livestock and Mixed farming production respectively were explained by the independent variables included in the models. while the remaining (27%, 17% and 10%) were due to error in measurement of some variables among the 3-agricultural production systems in Sokoto State. The F statistic was significant at 1% level of probability. The coefficient of value of crop loss to drought of the farmers in Sokoto state was positive and significant at 1% level of probability. This implies that the higher the occurrence of drought in Sokoto State will lead to increase in the effect of drought on crop production as many crops will be destroyed and the productivity will be very low among the crop farmers. Community-based water management initiatives (= 3.78), early warning system, risk assessment and emergency respond(=3.89) and climate smart farming such as conservation agriculture and precision farming (=3.68) were the major adaptation strategies to drought related losses adopted across the agricultural production system. The study conclude that drought has economic effects in agricultural production. The study recommended that State government should establish more and enhance existing drought monitoring systems to provide early warning to farmers.
UTILIZATION OF FOUR SELECTED COMMERCIAL FEEDS BY BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Simon, C. K.  , Doma, U. D.  , Abdullahi, U. S.  , Jama’a, N. A.
Published: October 2024

The study was conducted to evaluate the utilization of four commercial diets by broiler chickens on growth performance, carcass characteristics and financial benefits. Two-hundred-day old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four different commercial diets in two replicates with 25 chicks each in a completely randomized design coded as diets 1,2,3 and 4. The experiment lasted for seven weeks. Feeds and water were given ad libtum while vaccines and other management activities were carried out appropriately. Feed intake, weight gain and carcass parameters were measured during and at the end of the study. The result of the starter phase revealed that daily feed intake (74.79 -98.10g), daily weight gain (38.73 – 67.37g), final weight (2194.00 – 3144.00g) and feed conversion ratio (1.42 – 1.93) were significantly (P<0.001) affected by the diets. Daily feed intake at finisher (123.78 – 141.76g) and overall (108.13 – 115.74g) as well as daily weight gain (41.68 – 60.98g) at the overall phase were affected significantly (P<0.01). Similarly, weights of some carcass parameters were significantly (P<0.001) influenced by the diets with values ranging between 2.12 and 3.13kg (live weight), 2.00 to 2.86kg (plucked weight), 1.68 to 2.57kg (eviscerated weight), 1.50 to 2.27kg (carcass weight), 2.33 to 2.79g (head), 0.37 to 0.47g (heart) and 0.49 to 0.86g (caecum). Also, gizzard (1.27 – 1.64g) and liver (1.76 – 2.38g) were significantly affected at P<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively. Feed cost was higher on diet 2 (N 458.00/kg) and lower in diet 4 (N 350.00/kg), while feed cost/kg gain was found to be higher on diet 2 (N 996.61/kg) and lower on diet 3 (N 766.23/kg). From the result obtained in this study, it was concluded that using diet 3 in broiler chicken production is cheaper and most economical. It therefore recommended for higher cost saving among the commercial feeds studied.
PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF RICE MILLING AND MARKETING IN BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Gaya, H. I. M.  , Zongoma, B.  , Solomon, P. J.  , Hassan, B. K.
Published: October 2024

The study analysed the profitability of rice milling and marketing in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used for the selection of respondents. The respondents comprised rice processors (millers) and marketers. Data were collected using questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting techniques and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that majority (87.5%) of the millers and all (100%) of marketers were male and married with a mean age of 39 and 44 years respectively. However, 43.8% of the millers and 40% of the marketers had a family size of between 6-10 people per household with majority (62.5%) of the millers having tertiary education. The analysis also shows that half (50%) and more than half (53%) of the millers and marketers had a marketing and milling experience of between 11-20 years. The result of the budgeting model revealed that millers had a net income of N714 per bag with a return per naira of N1.46 and marketers had a net income of N1, 672 per bag with a return per naira of N 0.12. The results of the regression analysis revealed that years of milling experience and education level were the factors influencing rice milling while household size and membership of association were significant factors influencing rice marketers’ income. However, high cost of diesel (96.7%) and transportation cost (95%) were the major constraints faced by the millers and marketers in the study area. The study concluded that, milling and marketing of rice is a profitable ventures in the study area. It is therefore, recommended that government together with stakeholders should provide adequate infrastructure and introduce favorable policies to strengthen the rice value chain in the study area.