bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Xylella fastidiosa: UN ANÁLISIS MOLECULAR DEL ESTADO DE LA ENFERMEDAD BACTERIANA A NIVEL INTERNACIONAL
Authors: Brito-Vega Hortensia , López-Ferrer Ursula de Carmen , Gómez-Méndez Edmundo , Salinas-Hernández Rosa Ma.
Published: July 2022

Background: Xylella fastidiosa is a bacterium considered native to the American continent, which affects the vascular ducts of the xylem, causing diseases with an economically important cost in plantations. This species is distributed in Asia, America and Europe. The bacteria can be transmitted with the help of vector insects. Objective. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the main theoretical and practical aspects of the X. fastidiosa species and its impact on agriculture. Methodology. The method used was a review of the literature and information available on the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa and its subspecies internationally and nationally. Main findings. The first known syndrome caused by this bacterium was described in 1892 by Newton Barris Pierce, when a strange pathology devastated thousands of hectares of vine in Los Angeles. In Mexico, Pierce's disease was detected in 1980 in vineyards in Baja California Norte and in 1995 in vineyards in Valle de Guadalupe, in the municipality of Ensenada, Baja California. X. fastidiosa entered the genomic era when in the year 2000 the first genome of a bacterium associated with plants, the 9a5c strain of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, was sequenced. Since the first half of the 1990s, specific PCR primers have been used to identify X. fastidiosa from infected plants. Implications. Six subspecies of Xylella fastidiosa are currently considered: fastidiosa, multiplex, sandyi, tashke, pauca and morus; fastidiosa and pauca specifically affect citrus fruits and the related insect vectors are: Bucephalagonia xanthohis, Diloboterus costalimaik, Acrogonia citrina, Oncometopia facialis, Ferrariana trivittata, Plesiommata corniculata, Homalodisca ignorata, Parathona virescens, Sonesimia groscens and Acrogonia virescens. Once the insect contains the bacteria, at least 200 viable bacteria are enough to infect the target plant. Conclusions. Currently there are still no solutions or established techniques to fully protect plantations, it is important to strengthen surveillance to limit the spread. DNA-based molecular biology is a valuable tool for the detection and characterization of X. fastidiosa.
Moringa oleifera LAM.: A REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND MANAGEMENT FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE NUTRITIONAL CONTENT OF LEAVES
Authors: Ruiz-Hernandez R. , Hernandez-Rodriguez M. , Cruz-Monterrosa R.G. , Diaz-Ramirez M. , Martinez-Garcia C.G. , Garcia-Martinez A. , Rayas Amor Adolfo Armando
Published: July 2022

Background. Moringa oleifera Lam. It is a species native to India with an excellent capacity for acclimatization and is distributed in tropical, subtropical, and semi-arid climates. This plant is of economic importance due to its nutritional content and uses food, forage, medicinal and industrial. All plant parts can be used, but the leaves are characterized by their high nutritional content and low antinutritional compounds. Significant variation in the nutritional content of the leaves has been identified, and, therefore, a generalization or recommendation about their nutritional content is impossible. Objective. To identify the environmental and management factors that influence the nutritional content of M. oleifera leaves. Methodology. A bibliographic review on M. oleifera present in the databases of Scopus, NCBI, Science direct, and other repositories was carried out. The keywords for the search were: M. oleifera, chemical composition, nutritional content, environmental factors, phenology, agronomic management, postharvest management, type of dehydration, and methods of analysis. Results. The results obtained show that genetic, edaphoclimatic, agronomic, phenological factors, postharvest handling, type of dehydration, storage before and after dehydration, and type of analysis influence the nutritional content of moringa leaves. Implications. Identifying the factors and processes that affect the nutritional content allows a better understanding of the chemical content of moringa leaves under specific conditions. Conclusions. Fertilization is the factor that most influences the protein content when agronomic management is carried out. Temperature and dehydration type are the factors that showed the most significant influence on the decrease in the nutritional content of the leaves in postharvest management.
TALBINAH-21: PAKISTAN’S FIRST HULL-LESS, HIGH YIELDING AND LODGING TOLERANT BARLEY VARIETY
Authors: AHMAD JAVED , TABASSUM MUHAMMAD IJAZ , OWAIS MUHAMMAD , RIAZ MUHAMMAD , NADEEM MAJID , ABDULLAH MUHAMMAD , SHAIR HIRA , GULNAZ SAIMA , GHAFOOR IQRA , JAVED AHSAN , MAHMOOD AZHAR
Published: July 2022

Talbinah-21, a first hull-less barley variety was prepared at Wheat Research Institute (WRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad Punjab-Pakistan during 2021 and released for irrigated and moisture stress areas of Punjab as well. The proposed genotype with parental AGER/2*PETUNIA 1 with pedigree CBSW01WM00121T-0TOPY-4M-1Y-1M-1Y-OM-0AP was earmarked due to promising hull-less line and selected from the exotic breeding materials ‘’International Naked Barley Yield Trial (INBYT)’’ during 2014-15. This trial was received from International Centre for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA), Terbol, Lebanon, through National Wheat Coordinator, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. Although, the yield performance was not up to the mark with respect to local check Jau-83, but the Entry No 12 expressed itself a promising hull-less line and acclimatised completely well among all 25 entries in the said trials.

 So, keeping in view the expressivity of the line, it was added and evaluated with the variety code of B-15006 for yield performance in regular yield trial for one year during 2015-16 and in Provincial Uniform Barley Yield Trial (PUBYT) for continuous two years during 2016-17 to 2017-18. It performed better than commercial check variety of Haider-93 by 3.78% more yield in regular yield trial and 22.41 and 8.04% high grain yield in provincial trials during both years. In national uniform barley yield trial, the purposed hull-less line also excelled the yield than the check variety by 1.72% in 2018-19 and 12.9% in 2019-20. It performed also best under rainfed areas by giving 3.76% more yield than the check during 2017-18 and 23% during 2018-19.

Disease, infestation was also found resistant. The seed is amber in colour with shape of elliptical. Protein content in the proposed genotype is ranging from 12-14.4% while thousand grain weight was found from 37-40 gram. It was found lodging tolerant and shattering resistant. The mentioned genotype (Talbinah-21) was approved in 2021 by Punjab Seed Council (PSC) for different ecological zones across the province for general cultivation.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DALAM KESEHATAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SIMPLISIA KERING UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN RESIKO FAKTOR KOMORBID COVID-19
Authors: Darsini Darsini , Cahyono Eko Agus
Published: July 2022

Pembangunan kesehatan merupakan salah satu bagian dari pembangunan nasional di Indonesia. Dalam upaya pencapaian target ini, dibutuhkan adanya peran serta masyarakat dalam mengupayakan peningkatan derajat kesehatan individu. Salah satu ancaman kesehatan pada masyarakat saat ini adalah terjadinya pandemi covid-19 yang terjdi pada seluruh wilayah di dunia termasuk Indonesia. Guna menghindarkan masyarakat dari resiko infeksi Sars-Cov-2 dan sekaligus menurunkan resiko keparahan akibat infeksi Sars-Cov-2 adalah dengan meningkatkan imunitas tubuh agar selalu berada dalam kondisi optimal. Salah satu cara untuk melakukan hal ini adalah dengan mengkonsumsi herbal yang memiliki antioksidan tinggi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM yang dilakukan terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu persiapan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Materi yang disampaikan dalam kegiatan PKM ini adalah tentang Covid-19, Komorbid Covid-19, Imunitas Tubuh, dan antioksidan. Selanjutnya kegiatan PKM dilanjutkan dengan praktik pembuatan simplisia kering dengan memanfaatkan daun kelor, meniran, patikan kebo, dan daun salam. Peserta kegiatan diajarkan menganai metode penyiapan simplisia yang terbagai menjadi pengumpulan bahan baku, sortasi basah, pencucian, penirisan dan pengeringan, sortasi kering, pengecilan ukuran simplisia dan pengayakan, serta pengemasan dan penyimpanan. Selanjutnya peserta kegiatan juga dijelaskan mengenai pentingnya sanitasi dan hygiene selama proses pembuatan simplisia. Dari hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan PKM yang dilakukan di Lingkungan Perumahan Puri Asri Kabupaten Mojokerto mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki masyarakat tentang metode mandiri untuk meningkatkan imunitas tubuh selama masa pandemi covid-19 dan sekaligus menurunkan resiko terpapar dan keparahan akibat infeksi Sars-Cov-2
SIKAP MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PROGRAM VAKSINASI BOOSTER COVID-19 (VALIDITAS DAN RELIABILITAS KUESIONER PENELITIAN)
Authors: Cahyono Eko Agus , Darsini Darsini
Published: July 2022

Pandemi covid-19 yang terjadi sejak tahun 2020 secara tidak langsung menjadikan banyak perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat. Salah satu kebijakan yang ditempuh oleh pemerintah adalah dengan pelaksanaan program vaksinasi covid-19 yang terdiri dari program vaksinasi primer dan vaksinasi booster. Salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh kepada partisipasi masyarakat dalam program vaksinasi booster adalah sikap masyarakat terhadap vaksinasi booster. Guna mengetahui sikap masyarakat tentang vaksin booster covid-19 dibutuhkan adanya instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui sikap masyarakat. Secara umum tujuan dari dilakukannya kegiatan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan instrumen pengukuran sikap masyarakat terhadap program vaksinasi booster covid-19. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deksriptif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian masyarakat Desa Jabon Kecamatan Mojoanyar Kabupaten Mojokerto yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah sikap yang terdiri dari 3 komponen yaitu komponen kognitif, komponen afektif, dan komponen konatif. Dasar penentuan keputusan uji validitas adalah nilai R hitung. Jika nilai r hitung yang didapatkan lebih dari nilai r tabel, maka butir pernyataan penelitian dinyatakan valid. Sedangkan dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji reliabilitas adalah jika nilai Cronbach’s Alpha yang didapatkan lebih dari 0,70 maka instrumen penelitian dinyatakan reliabel. Dari hasil uji korelasi pearson terhadap pernyataan penelitian tentang sikap masyarakat terhadap program vaksinasi covid-19, didapatkan nilai korelasi dari masing-masing butir pernyataan lebih dari 0,361 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen penelitian yang terdiri dari 26 butir pernyataan seluruhnya dinyatakan valid. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian reliabilitas maka, instrumen penelitian yang dikembangkan untuk mengukur sikap masyarakat tentang program vaksinasi booster covid-19 adalah reliabel dan layak untuk digunakan secara berulang guna mengukur sikap yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat.
Rus Dilinde Nicel Sayı Adları ve Mecaz Anlamları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: BAK Hadi
Published: July 2022

Sayı adları çoğu dilde, bir miktarın değeri ile birleştirilen kapalı, yani ayrı kelime gruplarını oluşturmaktadır. Sayı adlarının yerine başka kelimeler kullanılamaz. Literatür analizlerinde, sayı adlarının dar bir anlayışını ortaya çıkmaktadır. Sayı adları, yalnızca nesnelerin sayısını gösteren kelimeler ve sayıların nicel durumlarını değil, aynı zamanda sayma işlemi esnasında ortaya çıkan bir takım sözcüklerin de dâhil olduğu geniş bir sayı anlayışını sergilemektedir. Sayı adları sadece sayma işlemi ile ilgili olmayıp, farklı kullanım özellikleri olan sözcükler olarak ta araştırmacıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Dolayısıyla, sayı adları ve kullanımları üzerine farklı bakış açılarının var olması, bir dilde bir miktarın anlamını ifade etmenin özgünlüğü ile ilgilidir.
Sayıların miktar değeri, miktar ve standart ölçeğine yansıtılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nicel sayıların en düzenli değerlerinin sayı, miktar, rakam adı değerleri olduğunu görülmektedir. Hemen hemen tüm sayılarda bu birincil durumun (değerin) olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat bazı sayılarda, miktarın değerinden bağımsız bir değere dikkat çekilirken, sayılar ile ilgili bazı başka durumlarda miktar değerin altında olduğu görülmektedir. Sayıların standart değerleri üzerinden yapılan çalışmada bazı sayıların bir anlamının olduğu, bazılarının ise iki, üç veya daha fazla anlamlarının olduğu görülmektedir.
Rus Dilinde sayı isimleri, sayma işleminin kullanımının yanı sıra sayılarda mecazi ifade anlamının da olduğu bir olgu olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Sayı değerlerinin mecazi anlam kullanımı, sayının sayı değeri, miktarı, rakam ve benzeri değerlerin durumunu belirleme problemiyle bağlantılı bir şekilde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bazı sayma sayılarının mecazi kullanım yelpazesi, Rus dilinin temel açıklayıcı sözlüklerinde belirtilenden çok daha geniştir. Sözlük analizlerine göre, sayı isimlerinin anlamlarının tutarsız ve eksik bir yansıma aldığını göstermektedir. Makalemizde, Rus Dilinde sayı isimlerinin anlambilimi ve işlevleri incelenecektir ve nicel sayıların sözlüklerdeki tanımları ele alınıp mecazı kullanımları gösterilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Padrões Bioacústicos como Identificadores Precisos da Presença de Rainha em Colmeias de Abelhas Melíferas
Authors: Rodrigues Ícaro de Lima , Melo Davyd B. de , Silva Daniel de Amaral da , Rybarczyk Yves , Gomes Danielo G.
Published: July 2022

A abelha rainha é a responsável pelo crescimento, renovação e estabilidade organizacional da sua colônia. Para saber se uma rainha melífera está presente na colmeia, o apicultor tem de abri-la, o que estressa as abelhas, destrói parte do ninho e provoca morte de operárias. Classificar a presença da rainha através do seu zumbido, por exemplo, é um método de inspeção não-invasivo e pode manter o bem-estar da colônia. Porém, padrões bioacústicos geram um volume considerável de dados. A utilização de classificadores incrementais com uma taxa de gravação diária pode manter a eficiência e reduzir este gargalo. Neste artigo, avaliamos de forma sistemática o desempenho de três classificadores incrementais: Hoeffding Tree, Random Forest e Naive Bayes. Destes três classificadores, o destaque foi o Naive Bayes com 10 janelas de 1 s /dia, tempo de resposta de somente 0,93 s e acurácia média de 97%.
Aplicando um modelo YOLO para detectar e diferenciar por imagem castas de abelhas melíferas de forma automatizada
Authors: Albuquerque Davi Queiroz , Braga Antonio Rafael , Bomfim Isac Gabriel Abrahão , Gomes Danielo G.
Published: July 2022

Em uma colônia de abelhas melíferas (Apis mellifera L.) há três tipos de casta: rainha, operária e zangão. Detectá-las e diferenciá-las é de suma importância para o apicultor, pois a flutuação e o desbalanço fora do normal no número e na proporção natural entre indivíduos fornecem predições sobre eventos que podem impactar negativamente o bem-estar e a produção da colônia. Neste artigo, aplicamos o conceito de Processamento Digital de Imagens, através do detector de objetos YOLO, para diferenciar entre operárias e zangões de abelhas melíferas a fim de fornecer subsídios para o avanço da apicultura de precisão. Por meio de validação cruzada, a arquitetura escolhida reconheceu e classificou corretamente a maioria das abelhas presentes nas imagens, obtendo valores de mAP@50 acima de 94%. Além disso, mesmo com um conjunto de dados desbalanceados e a maior parte das abelhas sendo de operárias, o modelo proposto conseguiu encontrar e classificar a maioria dos zangões, refletindo nos valores de recall acima de 85%.
FreeRouter in a Nutshell: A "Protocoland" routing platform for Open and Portable Carrier-Class Testbeds
Authors: Borges Everson Scherrer , Pontes Edgard da Cunha , Mate Csaba , Loui Frederic , Martinello Magnos , Ribeiro Moisés R. N.
Published: July 2022

An Open Source routing platform that uses a disaggregated model fully populated with carrier-class implementation of network protocols is discussed here. FreeRouter's architecture allows portability from emulated to testbed experiments (and on different hardware targets) is briefly explained. In order to demonstrate its ease of use, installation and entry-level examples are provided.
Facts Before the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Hansen Alexandra Ellen
Published: July 2022

This thesis aims to shed light on the ECtHR’s fact-assessment procedures, and it suggests that principles of scientific method can be applied to analyse and critique the ECtHR’s practice in this regard. The contribution of this doctoral thesis is that it provides an analytical framework of reflection to detect flaws in the ECtHR’s factual analyses, thus offering a new scientific perspective on the ECtHR’s case law.
Análise Comparativa do Desempenho Numérico de Técnicas de Inversão da Transformada de Laplace aproximada por Série de Fourier
Authors: Ferreira Juciara Alves , Rodriguez Bárbara Denicol do Amaral , Prolo Filho João Francisco
Published: July 2022

Neste trabalho, um estudo comparativo entre três métodos numéricos para inversão da transformada de Laplace baseados naexpansão por Série de Fourier é apresentado. No processo, analisou-se o desempenho dos métodos propostos por Dubner e Abate(1968), Durbin (1973) e Simon et al. (1972). Estes três métodos foram testados em um conjunto de funções elementares distintas, eo seu desempenho quanto à precisão e esforço computacional foi checado. Em um estudo preliminar, baseado nos resultadosalcançados, pode-se concluir que os três métodos são capazes de inverter numericamente a transformada de Laplace para asclasses de funções selecionadas.
Semi-industrial tests of a prototype of a new grinding equipment: A labyrinth disintegrator
Authors: Taskarina Aizhan , Abdrakhmanov Yermaganbet , Tussupbekova Maral , Tyulyubayev Renat , Deigraf Irina , Dinara Iskakova , Zhanar Kassenova , Altyngul Khaimuldinova
Published: July 2022

The article provides a brief description of a prototype of a new grinding equipment - a labyrinth disintegrator, manufactured according to our developments, as well as the results of semi-industrial tests on various materials with different hardness and brittleness. A scheme for grinding the material and a dynamic scheme for moving the material through the labyrinths are presented. The results of sieve analyze of selected materials are presented, and granulometric curves for the distribution of particles of materials are constructed.
Fracture toughness tests at 77 K and 4 K on 316L stainless steel welded plates
Authors: Benzing Jake , Derimow Nicholas , Lucon Enrico , Weeks Timothy
Published: July 2022

In the framework of a collaborative project between ASME, NASA, and NIST, quasi-static fracture toughness tests have been performed at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K, or -196 C) and liquid helium temperature (4 K, or -269 C) on weld specimens extracted from the centers of four 316L welded stainless steel plates, each produced by a different vendor. Although the plates were produced in accordance with the same specifications from the same material (316L), large differences in fracture toughness have been observed, with the best weld (W2) exhibiting twice the critical toughness of the worst (W1) at 77 K, and more than seven times the critical toughness of W1 at 4 K. The Charpy absorbed energies recorded at 77 K for three of the welds within the same project were found to be strongly linearly correlated with fracture toughness at both test temperatures. The exception was weld W4, which provided the highest impact toughness and the second lowest quasi-static fracture toughness (stable crack initiation and resistance to crack propagation).
Desarrollos y límites de la innovación responsable
Authors: Rodríguez Hannot
Published: July 2022

La búsqueda institucional de una innovación responsable se ha centrado en gran parte en el control de los impactos negativos (riesgos) del progreso científico-tecnológico. Así, las propias dinámicas de la ciencia y la tecnología han tendido a abordarse como un fenómeno autónomo, impermeable al escrutinio crítico. Sin embargo, iniciativas más recientes de las políticas científicas de la UE, tales como Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) u Open Science, dicen abogar por que los propios procesos de ciencia e innovación (incluyendo las preferencias y expectativas que los subyacen) sean objeto de debate inclusivo. Aparentemente representativas de un avance sustancial respecto al modelo de control de riesgos, su capacidad para transformar las prácticas científico-tecnológicas es, sin embargo, también limitada, al verse constreñidas igualmente por un horizonte normativo (o ideológico) caracterizado por la asunción de que el progreso tecno-industrial es por principio armonizable (compatible) con todo tipo de hitos sociales, ecológicos y sanitarios.
Grybai: tarp etnologijos ir ekologijos
Authors: Maršalkienė Nijolė
Published: July 2022

Fungi are one of the oldest and least studied groups of living organisms. They helped form the soil, plants to colonise the land. Fungi evolved before other living organisms developed into plants and animals. More than 120 000 species of fungi have now been described and new ones are being discovered every day. It is assumed that between 1.5 and 10 million species of fungi currently exist on Earth. In terms of biomass, fungi are one of the largest groups of organisms on Earth after terrestrial plants and bacteria. In 1969, fungi were definitively separated from plants (Plantae) and placed in a separate kingdom (Fungi). [...] ycelium grows for several years or tens of years.
M.A. Balakirev: the way to create a new school of composition
Authors: Tsyangpin Go
Published: July 2022

The subject of the article is the role of M.A. Balakirev in the development of Russian musical culture. The purpose of the article is to analyze the multifaceted activities of M.A. Balakirev, whom history itself has put forward to accomplish great things for the benefit of musical culture and musical education in Russia. In accordance with the theme and purpose, the following methods were used: retrospective analysis of the musical life of Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries; analysis of memoir sources of M.A. Balakirev's contemporaries; generalization of modern scientific research on the topic stated in the article. The methodology of the research consists of : memoirs of students and associates of M.A. Balakirev – Ts.A. Kui, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, V.V. Stasov; memoirs of Russian researchers – P.D. Bobrykin, Yu.V. Vasiliev, E.M. Gordeeva, Yu.V. Keldysh, I.F. Kunin. The novelty of the research lies in the identification of aesthetic contradictions between the established approach not only in the creative association of composers, but also in the musical art of that era. The materials of the article can be included in the course of lectures and seminars on the history of Russian music, advanced training courses for music teachers, teachers of secondary specialized and higher educational institutions. The conclusions of the study are : the purpose and creative activity of the composers of the "Mighty Bunch" under the leadership of M.A. Balakirev is characterized as a reflection of the Russian democratic culture of the era of revolutionary populism; the activity of the creative community "Mighty Bunch" is presented as embodying the ideological platform of the new Russian direction in music of the XIX century; the main methods of "composer" training and education applied by M.A. Balakirev.
Programa Saúde na Escola na visão de gestores, em cinco municípios do Oeste Paranaense, Brasil
Authors: Silva Gilson Fernandes da , Rodrigues Rosa Maria , Conterno Solange de Fátima Reis , Vieira Claudia Silveira
Published: July 2022

Introdução: Na escola, a educação e a saúde devem se relacionar para implementar ações favoráveis à promoção da saúde, de forma que o Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE) efetiva-se como política intersetorial. Questiona-se a respeito da visão de gestores em relação à implantação do Programa em municípios da 10ª Regional de Saúde/PR e do NRE de Cascavel/PR. Objetivo: Analisar a compreensão dos gestores acerca da implantação e desenvolvimento do Programa Saúde na Escola. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, com dados extraídos de entrevistas com gestores de cinco municípios da região Oeste Paranaense, que integram a 10ª Regional de Saúde e o Núcleo Regional de Educação de Cascavel/PR; que fizeram adesão ao Programa Saúde na Escola e o implantaram até o ano de 2012. Participaram quinze gestores (oito da área da saúde e sete da educação), entrevistados nos meses de julho, agosto e setembro de 2015. Os dados foram sistematizados e fundamentados conforme a análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Sistematizou-se a temática “A percepção dos gestores acerca da implantação do PSE”, que se desdobrou nas subtemáticas: motivações para adesão, planejamento, avaliação e monitoramento, ações desenvolvidas, intersetorialidade observada e recursos financeiros. Conclusão: O PSE está implantado nos municípios estudados, porém, com estágios diferenciados, mas desenvolvendo ações que visam à sua integralidade. A intersetorialidade tornou-se estratégia importante para o desenvolvimento de ações pertinentes à saúde e educação. O programa carece de fortalecer as ações de promoção da saúde e formação dos sujeitos envolvidos.
Microbial communities associated with mounds of the Orange-footed scrubfowlMegapodius reinwardt
Authors: Cardenas Gomez Karla , Rose Alea , Gibb Karen Susanne , Christian Keith A.
Published: July 2022

Megapodius reinwardt, the orange-footed scrubfowl, belongs to a small family of birds that inhabits the Indo-Australian region. Megapodes are unique in incubating their eggs in mounds using heat from microbial decomposition of organic materials and solar radiation. Little is known about the microorganisms involved in the decomposition of organic matter in mounds. To determine the source of microbes in the mounds, we used 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing to characterize the microbial communities of mound soil, adjacent soil and scrubfowl faeces. We found that the microbial communities of scrubfowl faeces were substantially different from those of the mounds and surrounding soils, suggesting that scrubfowls probably do not use their faeces to inoculate their mounds although a few microbial sequence variants were present in both faeces and mound samples. Further, the mound microbial community structure was significantly different to the adjacent soils. For example, mounds had a high relative abundance of sequence variants belonging toThermomonosporaceae, a thermophilic soil bacteria family able to degrade cellulose from plant residues. It is not clear whether members ofThermomonosporaceaedisproportionately contribute to the generation of heat in the mound, or whether they simply thrive in the warm mound environment created by the metabolic activity of the mound microbial community. The lack of clarity in the literature between designations of heat-producing (thermogenic) and heat-thriving (thermophilic) microbes poses a challenge to understanding the role of specific bacteria and fungi in incubation.
Recent deterioration of coral reefs in the South China Sea due to multiple disturbances
Authors: Xiao Jiaguang , Wang Wei , Wang Xiaolei , Tian Peng , Niu Wentao
Published: July 2022

More frequent global warming events, biological disasters, and anthropogenic activities have caused extensive damage to coral reefs around the world. Coral reefs in the Xisha Islands (also known as the Paracel Islands) have been damaged following rounds of heatwaves and crown-of-thorns starfish (CoTS) outbreaks over recent decades. Based on a comprehensive community survey in 2020, we determined a diagnosis for the present state of six coral regions in the Xisha Islands. The findings suggested that these regions had a total of 213 species of scleractinian corals belonging to 43 genera and 16 families. Living coral coverage across sites was widely divergent and ranged from 0.40% (IQR: 7.74–0.27%) in Panshi Yu to 38.20% (IQR: 43.00–35.90%) in Bei Jiao. Coral bleaching prevalence was 23.90% (IQR: 41.60–13.30%) overall and topped out at 49.30% (IQR: 50.60–48.10%) in Bei Jiao. Five of the coral regions (all but Yongxing Dao) were under threat of CoTS outbreaks. High mortality combined with excellent recruitment rates suggested potential rehabilitation after recent deterioration. We employed a quantifiable Deterioration Index (DI) to evaluate the intensity of deterioration of coral reefs in the Xisha Islands. The results showed that Yongxing Dao and Langhua Jiao had low recent deterioration (DIrecent = 0.05, IQR: 0.07–0.02 and 0.04, IQR: 0.11–0.01, respectively), while Bei Jiao, Yongle Atoll, Yuzhuo Jiao, and Panshi Yu had high recent deterioration (DIrecent > 0.16). Different monitoring sites within the same coral region were heterogeneous with regards to all above indexes. Moreover, we reviewed and discussed potential disturbances that threaten the health of the Xisha Islands’ corals. It is crucial to identify severely afflicted areas and find successful methods to better manage coral reef health in this region.
The determinants of patient care manager role and the implementation of COVID-19 clinical pathway: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aziz Alimul Hidayat Abdul , Chen Wen-Ling , Nor Rahimah Mohd , Uliyah Musrifatul , Badriyah Fatin Lailatul , Ubudiyah Masunatul
Published: July 2022

Objective

This study aims to determine the factors associated with patient care manager role and the implementation of the clinical pathway among nurses in private hospitals.

Methods

This study was conducted from January–July 2021 using the cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 168 nurses working in a private hospital in Surabaya City, East Java, Indonesia. Meanwhile, the data were collected using the Patient Care Manager Role Scale (PCMRS) and analyzed by multiple logistic regression to find the correlation between the variables.

Results

A higher percentage of nurses namely 64.3% had compliance in COVID-19 clinical pathways with an average PCMRS score of 27.81 ± 2.43. Nurses with a high-level patient care manager role level had a significant compliance risk with odds ratio [OR] 440.137, 95% confidence interval [CI] [51.850–3736.184], and p-value = 0.000 compared to those with a low role.

Conclusion

The role of patient care manager and compliance with COVID-19 clinical pathways correlated significantly. Based on the results, several actions are needed for the early identification of patient service managers’ roles to ensure compliance with COVID-19 clinical pathways and reduce the number of cases in Indonesia.
A Study on the Knowledge of the Farmers about Mandarin Cultivation Practices in East Jaintia Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: I. Bamon Kitlang Me , Bose Dipak Kumar
Published: July 2022

The main purpose of the study was to determine the extent of farmer’s knowledge on orange production. The aforementioned study was conducted in Saipung Block in East Jaintia Hills district, Meghalaya in the year 2022. A descriptive research designed was applied for this study. The primary data was collected from 120 respondents by personal interview method using pre-structure interview schedule. Knowledge of the farmers was measured by asking 18 questions in respect of orange production. Pearson’s Product Moment coefficient of correlation (r) was calculated to determine the relationships between independent variables and knowledge of the respondents. Findings showed that 60.83 per cent of the respondents have medium level of knowledge mandarin plantation, 22.5 per cent have low level and 16.67 per cent have high level of knowledge about mandarin production. Co-efficient of correlation (r) analysis indicated that educational qualification, social participation, mass media exposure, farming experience and extension contact were found to be positively significant whereas variables like age, family Size, marital status, land holding, annual income and occupation were found to have no relationship with the knowledge of the farmers. The finding clearly indicates that the respondents have medium knowledge over mandarin cultivation and most of the selected independent variables had positively and significant correlated with the knowledge of the farmers.
Oxygen Production and Carbon Capturing Capacity of Various Tree Species in Coimbatore City, India
Authors: Gowtham S. , Prasanthrajan M. , Maheswari M. , Sritharan N. , Rajkishore S. K. , Keerthana S.
Published: July 2022

Climate change, environment pollution, rapid urbanization and industrialization have been recognized as major environmental threats of the present-day scenario. These environmental issues cause severe socio-economic implications across the globe. The living space and human settlements are increasing rapidly in urban areas of India. Simultaneously the existing green cover and tree population are declining in the name of developments. Trees are considered to be one of the important assets in cities, they provide myriad benefits. Considering the importance of trees the cities and their role in reducing the pollution besides adding fresh oxygen to the atmosphere, the present investigation focused with the aim of documenting various tree species in Coimbatore city and to assess their carbon capturing and oxygen release potential. There are about 58 tree species comprising of 27 families, that have been documented and classified into four age classes. Further these tree species were subjected to total biomass, carbon stock, CO2 (eq.), net carbon sequestration and net oxygen release assessment using standard non-destructive method. Among the 58 tree species studied, Albizia lebbeck (2.745 ton tree-1year-1), Tamarindus indica (2.156 ton tree-1year-1), Parkia biglandulosa (1.921 ton tree-1year-1), Delonix regia (1.027 ton tree-1year-1), Kigelia Africana (1.009 ton tree-1year-1), Peltophorum pterocarpum (1.006 ton tree-1year-1), Ficus religiosa (0.906 ton tree-1year-1), Leucaena leucocephala (0.804 ton tree-1year -1) of net oxygen were found to release, Pterospermum acerifolium (0.827 ton tree-1year-1) and Azadirachta indica (0.804 ton tree-1year-1) were found to release high oxygen with more carbon capturing capacity.
Influence of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Growth Attribute, Yield and Yield Attribute of Mustard (Brassica juncea) Prayagraj Condition
Authors: Yadav Shankar Lal , Umesha C. , Yadav Vikas
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2021-22 at SHUATS Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (UP) on sandy loam soil to investigate the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea). The treatment consisted of 3 levels of nitrogen viz., Nitrogen at 40 kg/ha, Nitrogen at 60 kg/ha and Nitrogen at 40 kg/ha. 3 levels of sulphur viz., Sulphur at 10 kg/ha, Sulphur at 20 kg/ha and Sulphur at 30 kg/ha. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with ten treatments replicated thrice. Study revealed that with application of Nitrogen 80 kg/h + Sulphur 30 kg/ha recorded significantly higher plant height (99.10 cm) and maximum plant dry weight (23.10 g) at harvest stage as compared to other treatment combinations. The treatment with application Nitrogen 80 kg/h + Sulphur 30 kg/ha also recorded significantly higher number of siliqua/plant (342.41), number of seed/siliqua (16.17), test weight (5.63), seed yield (25.10 q/ha) and stover yield (58.45 q/ha) as compared to all the treatment combinations.
Influence of Microplastics on Seedling Growth of Blackgram under Different Soil Types
Authors: Sahasa Raveendra Gnana Keerthi , Dhevagi Periyasamy , Poornima Ramesh , Alagirisamy Bharani , Moorthy Pon Sathya , Karthikeyan Subburamu
Published: July 2022

The prevalence of microplastics in soil has recently attracted substantial interest as they pose a major threat to agricultural system. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) on seedling development of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in two different types of soil during April, 2022 under controlled conditions in the Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, India. The treatments included four different concentrations of PE-MPs (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00%) along with a control which had no microplastics. All the treatments were replicated thrice. In loamy soil type, germination rate declined from 87.1±0.57 (control) to 73.1±0.33 (1.00% PE-MPs) and in clay loam soil, from 83.3±3.08 (control) to 79.8±0.03 (1.00% PE-MPs). Similarly root and shoot characteristics also showed distinct reduction along with increasing microplastics concentrations. Hence, the results of the study reveal that soil type has influence over the magnitude of variations in blackgram growth parameters in the presence of polyethylene microplastics.
Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth and Yield of Baby Corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Naimuddin Shaik , Dawson Joy , Ahmed Kaifee
Published: July 2022

Field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2021 at Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P). The soil in the experimental plot was sandy loam texture, almost neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.1), low in organic carbon (0.36%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (15.2 kg/ ha) and available K (232.5 kg/ha). The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with nine treatments each replicated three times based on a one-year experiment with different levels of Phosphorous and Potassium. The results showed that application of 70 kg/ha Phosphorous + 25 kg/ha Potassium was recorded significantly Plant height (162.73 cm), No. of leaves/plant (13.26), Plant dry weight (108.06 g/plant), Cobs/Plant (1.34), Length of Cob/plant (19.29 cm), Girth of Cob/plant (7.64 cm), Cob weight with husk (65.09 g), cob weight without husk (23.63 g), cob yield with husk (15.14 t/ha), Cob yield without husk (5.16 t/ha) as compared to other treatments.
Design and Development of an Internet of things Based Glucometer with Wireless Transmission
Authors: Okafor Sixtus A. , Arukalam Felicity M. , Ekuma Innocent C. , Eziefuna Ebere O. , Ihetu Chimdinma A. , Okey-Mbata Chioma C. , Ezeamaku Uchenna L. , Iheaturu Nnamdi C. , Okafor Aforma L.
Published: July 2022

Diabetes is one of the top non-communicable illnesses of public health importance.  6.4% of world population is reported to have diabetes mellitus with the figure, feared to double by 2040. Nigeria has estimated 1.6 million cases in 2015, which ranked her the third diabetes endemic country in Africa. Diabetes complication is a known leading cause of the disease high mortality rates and healthcare burden on developing economies. Daily monitoring of blood sugar levels, however, is an effective way to prevent diabetes complications. Glucometer is a simple device used for blood glucose monitoring. The aim of this study was to design and use locally sourced materials to fabricate a cheap digital glucometer that will be able to measure blood glucose levels and sends a distress signal to medics and caregivers via wireless transmission.The method employed includes programming, calibration, assembling, component testing, and the overall device test. The device is equipped with an Atmega32 microcontroller, One-Touch Ultra glucose sensor, a GSM module, emergency button, and internet of things (IoT). Our device and a conventional device (Accuchek) were used to measure the blood sugar level of 200 individuals in groups of 5, the data were analyzed using SPSS2.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010.The p-value was (>0.05) indicating no significant difference between the data generated by our device and the conventional glucometer, while the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9838. From the results above, we conclude that our fabricatrd device is effective and reliable.
Evaluation of Surface Water Contamination by Leachate from Uncontrolled Landfills: A Case Study of Yenagoa Central Waste Dump, Nigeria
Authors: Simon Churchill Ebinimitei , Adianimovie Sakwe
Published: July 2022

Recently, surface water pollution has generated grave concerns because of anthropogenic activities including inadequate management of waste. Therefore, this study is concerned with the evaluation of surface water contamination by leachate from uncontrolled landfill in Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Three surface water samples were taken from a stream adjacent to an uncontrolled landfill and analyzed. The Downstream point (SW 1) and Upstream points (SW 3) were taken 50 meters from the southernmost and northernmost ends of the landfill, while the Central point (SW 2) was also taken 50 meters from the central edge of the landfill. The parameters analyzed were, pH, EC, TDS, COD, BOD, TH,NH4+, SO42-, NO3-, Phosphate, Cd, Cr, Cu2+, Pb, Zn, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Fe2+, K+, as well as Total coliform count using standard methods. The concentration of these parameters were compared with NSDWQ and WHO to ascertain their levels within the surface water. The surface water analysis across the Downstream point (SW 1) showed that parameters like pH, EC, TDS, TA, TH, Na, K, Fe, BOD, COD, Phosphate and Total Coliform Count, recorded 7.18, 2,450 μS/cm, 1,225 mg/l, 534.9 mg/l, 270 mg/l, 122.92 mg/l, 69.42 mg/l, 9.48 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 16 mg/l, 7.5 mg/l and 2.80 X 106 cfu/ml respectively. All these values except pH were above NSDWQ and WHO recommended values for potable water. When compared to samples from SW 2 and SW 3, SW 1 samples had higher concentration of parameters. However, some metals and heavy metals like Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd and Cr were below equipment detectable limits for all sampled locations. It was confirmed therefore that the Downstream point (SW 1), was the most contaminated among the three sampled surface water points, in this study. Pearson’s correlational analysis also confirmed that some parameters indicated unity. It was recommended that surface water sources around landfills should be properly monitored to curb water pollution.
The Assessment of the Allium sativum and Tamarix aphylla Comparative and Combined Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Ullah Shahid , Khan Fahim Ullah , Zaman Laiq , Abbas Saira , Shah Mir Sadiq , Rehman Jamil Ur , Mangi Autif Hussain , Khan Abdu Razzaq , Khan Batab , Rani Surayia Shahab , Gul Sana , Khattak Adnan
Published: July 2022

Many diseases, including cancer and diabetes mellitus, are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Allium sativum (Garlic) contains vitamins A, B, and C, as well as effective drugs like insulin, alliin, mineral salts, mucilages, allicin, and volatile oils. Garlic has antioxidant properties which showed a therapeutic effect on some cancer types. The overall goal of this study was to conduct pharmacological testing to assess the combined antioxidant abilities of Allium sativum (cloves) methanolic and Tamarix aphylla (leaves) extracts. The extract demonstrated garlic activities in a dose-dependent manner, with scavenging activity of 21, 32, and 39% at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL.

The antioxidant activity of Tamarix aphylla methanolic extract was 29, 37, and 62% using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. However, combining extracts revealed the greatest scavenging activity at various concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. By using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the combined methanolic extract of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity of 45, 65, and 75% at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. According to our findings, the combined therapy of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum significantly inhibited DPPH free radicals. Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum combined therapy may play an important role in the inhibition of free radicals that cause cancer.
Predictors of Pain Reduction Among Fibromyalgia Patients Using Medical Cannabis: A Long‐Term Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sotoodeh Romina , Waldman Lilach Eyal , Vigano Antonio , Moride Yola , Canac‐Marquis Michelle , Spilak Tristan , Gamaoun Rihab , Kalaba Maja , Hachem Yasmina , Beaulieu Pierre , Desroches Julie , Ware Mark A. , Perez Jordi , Shir Yoram , Fitzcharles Mary‐Ann , Martel Marc O.
Published: July 2022

Objective

Many patients with fibromyalgia (FM) report using cannabis as a strategy to improve pain. Given that pain often co‐occurs with symptoms of anxiety and depression (i.e., negative affect) and sleep problems among patients with FM, improvements in these symptoms might indirectly contribute to reductions in pain intensity following cannabis use. The main objective of the study was to examine whether changes in pain intensity following initiation of medical cannabis among patients with FM could be attributed to concurrent changes (i.e., reductions) in negative affect and sleep problems.

Methods

This was a 12‐month prospective cohort study among patients with FM (n = 323) initiating medical cannabis under the care of physicians. Patients were assessed at baseline, and follow‐up assessment visits occurred every 3 months after initiation of medical cannabis. Patients’ levels of pain intensity, negative affect, and sleep problems were assessed across all visits.

Results

Multilevel mediation analyses indicated that reductions in patients’ levels of pain intensity were partly explained by concurrent reductions in sleep problems and negative affect (both P < 0.001). This remained significant even when accounting for patients’ baseline characteristics or changes in medical cannabis directives over time (all P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Our findings provide preliminary insight into the potential mechanisms of action underlying pain reductions among patients with FM who are using medical cannabis. Given the high attrition rate (i.e., 75%) observed in the present study at 12 months, our findings cannot be generalized to all patients with FM who are using medical cannabis.
High‐Throughput Screening of Bicationic Redox Materials for Chemical Looping Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Fan Jiaxin , Li Wenxian , Li Sean , Yang Jack
Published: July 2022

Ammonia recently has gained increasing attention as a carrier for the efficient and safe usage of hydrogen to further advance the hydrogen economy. However, there is a pressing need to develop new ammonia synthesis techniques to overcome the problem of intense energy consumption associated with the widely used Haber–Bosch process. Chemical looping ammonia synthesis (CLAS) is a promising approach to tackle this problem, but the ideal redox materials to drive these chemical looping processes are yet to be discovered. Here, by mining the well‐established MP database, the reaction free energies for CLAS involving 1699 bicationic inorganic redox pairs are screened to comprehensively investigate their potentials as efficient redox materials in four different CLAS schemes. A state‐of‐the‐art machine learning strategy is further deployed to significantly widen the chemical space for discovering the promising redox materials from more than half a million candidates. Most importantly, using the three‐step H2O‐CL as an example, a new metric is introduced to determine bicationic redox pairs that are “cooperatively enhanced” compared to their corresponding monocationic counterparts. It is found that bicationic compounds containing a combination of alkali/alkaline‐earth metals and transition metal (TM)/post‐TM/metalloid elements are compounds that are particularly promising in this respect.
A consolidated review on stem cell therapy for treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Sachdeva Punya
Published: July 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia and affects around 50 million people around the globe. AD is diagnosed mainly through imaging techniques and to date only five drugs are approved for management of AD but no promising treatment is available for AD. So in this review, we are focusing on stem cell therapy for AD. This review will cover all stem cells like mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural stem cells. Clinical trials of AD have also been discussed. Finally, limitations of stem cells are discussed with ongoing clinical trials, and in the future stem cell therapy can be used for treatment of AD.