bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Armellinoite-(Ce), Ca4Ce4+(AsO4)4⋅H2O, a new mineral species isostructural with pottsite, (Pb3Bi)Bi(VO4)4⋅H2O
Authors: Cámara Fernando , Ciriotti Marco E. , Kolitsch Uwe , Bosi Ferdinando , Bittarello Erica , Brizio Piero , Vignola Pietro , Blaß Günter
Published: December 2021

Armellinoite-(Ce), ideally Ca4Ce4+(AsO4)4⋅H2O, is a new mineral discovered in Fe–Mn ore in metaquartzites of the Montaldo mine, Corsaglia Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. It occurs as very small and rare, pale yellow to brown–yellow pseudo-octahedral translucent crystals hosted by a matrix of quartz, hematite, cryptomelane/hollandite, tilasite, muscovite, braunite and montmorillonite. The mineral is translucent, with white streak and has a resinous to vitreous lustre. It is brittle with irregular fracture and fair cleavage parallel to {110} and {100}. Estimated Mohs hardness is ~3–3.5. Calculated density is 4.29 g⋅cm–3. Armellinote-(Ce) is uniaxial (–), ω = 1.795(5), ɛ = 1.765(5) (white light), non-pleochroic and non-fluorescent. Chemical point analyses by WDS-EPMA yielded the empirical formula (based on 17 O+F anions): A(Ca3.89Th0.08Sr0.02La0.03)Σ4.02B(Ce4+0.76Nd0.13Y0.08Gd0.03Sm0.02Pr0.01Dy0.01Ho0.01)Σ1.05[(As4.00P0.01)Σ4.01O4]4⋅(H2O0.85F0.15)Σ2.00. The presence of H2O was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The mineral is tetragonal, I41/a, with single-crystal unit-cell parameters a = 10.749(2), c = 12.030(2) Å and V = 1390.0(6) Å3, with Z = 4. The eight strongest X-ray powder diffraction lines are [d Å (Irel; hkl)]: 7.983 (36; 101), 4.443 (23; 2̄11), 2.957 (100; 3̄12), 2.398 (14; 420), 1.875 (22; 424, 325), 1.728 (19; 3̄16), 1.612 (13; 613) and 1.475 (26; 712, 552). The crystal structure (R1 = 0.0284 for 1275 unique reflections) has isolated TO4 (T = As5+) tetrahedra that link Ca2+- or Ce4+-centred polyhedra via common oxygen ligands to form 2D blocks or double-layered (DL) structural units parallel to (001). Armellinoite-(Ce) is isostructural with pottsite, ideally (Pb3Bi)Bi(VO4)4⋅H2O, and closely related to a larger number of anhydrous synthetic compounds. The mineral is named after the mineral collector Gianluca Armellino (b. 1962), who collected the discovery sample.
Light-activated Multilevel Resistive Switching Storage in Pt/Cs2AgBiBr6/ITO/Glass Devices
Authors: Zhong Tingting , Qin Yongfu , Lv Fengzhen , Qin Haijun , Tian Xuedong
Published: December 2021

High-density Cs2AgBiBr6 films with uniform grains were prepared by a simple one-step and low-temperature sol–gel method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. An explicit tristate bipolar resistance switching behavior was observed in the Pt/Cs2 AgBiBr6/ITO/glass devices under irradiation of 10 mW/cm2 (445 nm). This behavior was stable over 1200 s. The maximum ratio of the high and low resistance states was about 500. Based on the analysis of electric properties, valence variation and absorption spectra, the resistive switching characteristics were attributed to the trap-controlled space charge-limited current mechanism due to the bromine vacancies in the Cs2AgBiBr6 layer. On the other hand, it is suggested that the ordering of the Schottky-like barrier located at Pt/Cs2AgBiBr6 affects the three-state resistance switching behavior under light irradiation. The ability to adjust the photoelectrical properties of Cs2AgBiBr6-based resistive switching memory devices is a promising strategy to develop high-density memory.

Graphical Abstract
Putative antigenic proteins identified by comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology in necrotic enteritis-causing Clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens
Authors: Meniaï Ilhem , Thibodeau Alexandre , Quessy Sylvain , Parreira Valeria R. , Fravalo Philippe , Beauchamp Guy , Gaucher Marie-Lou
Published: December 2021

Background

Avian necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is a disease with a major economic impact, generating losses estimated to 6 billion of dollars annually for the poultry industry worldwide. The incidence of the disease is particularly on the rise in broiler chicken flocks eliminating the preventive use of antibiotics. To date, no alternative allows for the efficient prevention of NE and a control of the disease using a vaccinal strategy would be mostly prized. For this purpose, comparative and subtractive reverse vaccinology identifying putative immunogenic bacterial surface proteins is one of the most promising approaches.

Results

A comparative genomic study was performed on 16 C. perfringens strains isolated from healthy broiler chickens and from broilers affected with necrotic enteritis. Results showed that the analyzed genomes were composed of 155,700 distinct proteins from which 13% were identified as extracellular, 65% as cytoplasmic and 22% as part of the bacterial membrane. The evaluation of the immunogenicity of these proteins was determined using the prediction software VaxiJen®.

Conclusions

For the most part, proteins with the highest scores were associated with an extracellular localisation. For all the proteins analyzed, the combination of both the immunogenicity score and the localisation prediction led to the selection of 12 candidate proteins that were mostly annotated as hypothetical proteins. We describe 6 potential candidates of higher interest due to their antigenic potential, their extracellular localisation, and their possible role in virulence of C. perfringens.
Proteome and secretome profiling of zinc availability in Cryptococcus neoformans identifies Wos2 as a subtle influencer of fungal virulence determinants
Authors: Ball B. , Woroszchuk E. , Sukumaran A. , West H. , Afaq A. , Carruthers-Lay D. , Muselius B. , Gee L. , Langille M. , Pladwig S. , Kazi S. , Hendriks A. , Geddes-McAlister J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Fungal infections impact over 25% of the global population. For the opportunistic fungal pathogen,Cryptococcus neoformans, infection leads to cryptococcosis. In the presence of the host, disease is enabled by elaboration of sophisticated virulence determinants, including polysaccharide capsule, melanin, thermotolerance, and extracellular enzymes. Conversely, the host protects itself from fungal invasion by regulating and sequestering transition metals (e.g., iron, zinc, copper) important for microbial growth and survival.

Results

Here, we explore the intricate relationship between zinc availability and fungal virulence via mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics. We observe a core proteome along with a distinct zinc-regulated protein-level signature demonstrating a shift away from transport and ion binding under zinc-replete conditions towards transcription and metal acquisition under zinc-limited conditions. In addition, we revealed a novel connection among zinc availability, thermotolerance, as well as capsule and melanin production through the detection of a Wos2 ortholog in the secretome under replete conditions.

Conclusions

Overall, we provide new biological insight into cellular remodeling at the protein level ofC. neoformansunder regulated zinc conditions and uncover a novel connection between zinc homeostasis and fungal virulence determinants.
Effects of various artificial agarwood-induction techniques on the metabolome of Aquilaria sinensis
Authors: Zhang Ningnan , Xue Shiyu , Song Jie , Zhou Xiuren , Zhou Dahao , Liu Xiaojin , Hong Zhou , Xu Daping
Published: December 2021

Background

Agarwood is a highly sought-after resinous wood for uses in medicine, incense, and perfume production. To overcome challenges associated with agarwood production in Aquilaria sinensis, several artificial agarwood-induction treatments have been developed. However, the effects of these techniques on the metabolome of the treated wood samples are unknown. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of four treatments: fire drill treatment (F), fire drill + brine treatment (FS), cold drill treatment (D) and cold drill + brine treatment (DS)) on ethanol-extracted oil content and metabolome profiles of treated wood samples from A. sinensis.

Results

The ethanol-extracted oil content obtained from the four treatments differed significantly (F < D < DS < FS). A total of 712 metabolites composed mostly of alkaloids, amino acids and derivatives, flavonoids, lipids, phenolic acids, organic acids, nucleotides and derivatives, and terpenoids were detected. In pairwise comparisons, 302, 155, 271 and 363 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) were detected in F_vs_FS, D_vs_DS, F_vs_D and FS_vs_DS, respectively. The DAMs were enriched in flavonoid/flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis. Generally, addition of brine to either fire or cold drill treatments reduced the abundance of most of the metabolites.

Conclusion

The results from this study offer valuable insights into synthetically-induced agarwood production in A. sinensis.
Preparation of Dräger Atlan A350 and General Electric Healthcare Carestation 650 anesthesia workstations for malignant hyperthermia susceptible patients
Authors: Heiderich Sebastian , Thoben Christian , Dennhardt Nils , Krauß Terence , Sümpelmann Robert , Zimmermann Stefan , Reitz Michael , Rüffert Henrik
Published: December 2021

Background

Patients at risk of malignant hyperthermia need trigger-free anesthesia. Therefore, anesthesia machines prepared for safe use in predisposed patients should be free of volatile anesthetics. The washout time depends on the composition of rubber and plastic in the anesthesia machine. Therefore, new anesthesia machines should be evaluated regarding the safe preparation for trigger-free anesthesia. This study investigates wash out procedures of volatile anesthetics for two new anesthetic workstations: Dräger Atlan A350 and General Electric Healthcare (GE) Carestation 650 and compare it with preparation using activated charcoal filters (ACF).

Methods

A Dräger Atlan and a Carestation 650 were contaminated with 4% sevoflurane for 90 min. The machines were decontaminated with method (M1): using ACF, method 2 (M2): a wash out method that included exchange of internal parts, breathing circuits and soda lime canister followed by ventilating a test lung using a preliminary protocol provided by Dräger or method 3 (M3): a universal wash out instruction of GE, method 4 (M4): M3 plus exchange of breathing system and bellows. Decontamination was followed by a simulated trigger-free ventilation. All experiments were repeated with 8% desflurane contaminated machines. Volatile anesthetics were detected with a closed gas loop high-resolution ion mobility spectrometer with gas chromatographic pre-separation attached to the bacterial filter of the breathing circuits. Primary outcome was time until < 5 ppm of volatile anesthetics and total preparation time.

Results

Time to < 5 ppm for the Atlan was 17 min (desflurane) and 50 min (sevoflurane), wash out continued for a total of 60 min according to protocol resulting in a total preparation time of 96-122 min. The Carestation needed 66 min (desflurane) and 24 min (sevoflurane) which could be abbreviated to 24 min (desflurane) if breathing system and bellows were changed. Total preparation time was 30-73 min. When using active charcoal filters time to < 5 ppm was 0 min for both machines, and total preparation time < 5 min.

Conclusion

Both wash out protocols resulted in a significant reduction of trace gas concentrations. However, due to the complexity of the protocols and prolonged total preparation time, feasibility in clinical practice remains questionable. Especially when time is limited preparation of the anesthetic machines using ACF remain superior.
Ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection has high complete resection rate in rectal carcinoid tumor
Authors: Su Ming-Yao , Chiu Cheng-Tang
Published: December 2021

Aim

We aimed to compare the outcomes of different therapeutic modalities in rectal carcinoid tumors.

Method

We retrospectively collected 145 patients with rectal carcinoid tumors which were pathologically diagnosed from 2005/01/01 to 2016/12/31. We compared tumor size, complete resection rate and recurrent rate between different therapeutic modalities. Then, prospectively compared the treatment outcomes of 28 patients treated with ligation assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (LEMR) and 25 patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection with cap (EMRC).

Result

The mean size of tumors was 6.5 mm (1–25 mm), and the mean follow-up duration was 26 months (6–118 months). The therapeutic modalities included ligation-assisted endoscopic mucosal resection (LEMR) (25 tumors, 17%), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) (31 tumors, 21%), snare polypectomy (30 tumors, 21%), biopsy forceps removal (46 tumors, 32%) and surgical resection (13 tumors, 11%), including 6 tumors treated with transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) method. In view of pathologically complete resection rate, LEMR was highest (100%), followed by surgical resection (85%). However, EMR only had 42% pathologically complete resection rate. Besides, LEMR and surgical resection had no local recurrence and significantly higher clinically complete resection rate, compared to other treatments. For the further prospective study, complete resection was noted in 28 (100%) patients in LEMR group and 13 (52%) patients in EMRC group.

Conclusion

In the treatment of rectal carcinoid tumors, LEMR is safe and effective compared with traditional endoscopic treatments.
Lived experiences of Ugandan women who had recovered from a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression: a phenomenological study
Authors: Atuhaire Catherine , Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Brennaman Laura , Cumber Samuel Nambile , Nambozi Grace
Published: December 2021

Background

Postpartum depression affects a significant proportion of women of childbearing age. The birth of a newborn baby is normally considered a joyful event, inhibiting mothers from expressing their depressive feelings. If the condition is not well understood and managed, mothers with postpartum depression are likely to experience suicidal ideation or even commit suicide. This study explored lived experiences of women who had recovered from a clinical diagnosis of postpartum depression in southwestern Uganda.

Methods

This phenomenological study adopted the explorative approach through in-depth interviews as guided by the biopsychosocial model of depression. It was conducted in Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, Bwizibwera Health Centre IV and Kinoni Health Centre IV located in Mbarara and Rwampara districts, southwestern Uganda. Data were collected from 30 postpartum mothers who were purposively selected, between 9th December 2019 and 25th September 2020. We analyzed this work using thematic data analysis and this was steered by the Colaizzi’s six-step phenomenological approach of inquiry.

Results

The findings were summarized into five major themes: 1) somatic experiences including insomnia and headache, breast pain, poor breast milk production, weight loss and lack of energy; 2) difficulties in home and family life including overwhelming domestic chores, lack of social support from other family members, fighting at home and financial constraints due to COVID-19 pandemic; 3) negative emotions including anger, self-blame, despondency and feelings of loneliness and regrets of conceiving or marriage; 4) feelings of suicide, homicide and self-harm including suicidal ideation and attempt, homicidal ideations and attempt and feelings of self-harm and 5) coping with postpartum depression including spirituality, termination of or attempt to leave their marital relationships, acceptance, counselling and seeking medical treatment, perseverance.

Conclusion and recommendations

Suicidal and homicidal thoughts are important parts of the postpartum depression experience, and these may put the lives of the mothers, their spouses and their babies at a great risk. Poor relationship quality, intimate partner violence and lack of financial resources contribute significantly to the negative emotional experiences of mothers with PPD.
Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Diress Mengistie , Belsti Yitayeh , Getnet Mihret , Fekadu Sofonias Addis , Dagnew Baye , Akalu Yonas , Seid Mohammed Abdu , Gela Yibeltal Yismaw
Published: December 2021

Background

Visual impairment is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age groups in Ethiopia, which is getting worse during pregnancy. Though visual impairment has lots of serious consequences across the life course of pregnant women, there is no previous study on this topic in Ethiopia. Thus, this study determined the prevalence of visual impairment and identified associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at the governmental health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit the study participants. We used an interviewer-administered questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic, clinical and pregnancy-related variables to collect the required data. Snellen’s illiterate “E” chart was used to determine visual impairment. EpiData 3 and Stata 14 were used for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. Both bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were executed to identify associated factors of visual impairment. Variables with ap-value ≤0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression analysis were declared as statistically significant with visual impairment.

Results

A total of 417 (response rate = 98.6%) participants were involved in this study, with a median age of 27 years. The overall prevalence of visual impairment was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5–26.6). Thirty (7.2%) and thirty-two (7.7%) of the study participants had moderate to severe visual impairments in their right and left eyes, respectively. Participants aged from 31 to 49 years (AOR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), being 3rd trimester (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.3–4.5), multi & grand multipara (AOR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.2–4.6), and history of contraceptive use (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.3) had higher chance ofvisual impairment.

Conclusion

The magnitude of visual impairment among pregnant women was high in the study area. Therefore, routine screening and evaluation of pregnant women for visual condition during antenatal care visits is recommended. Further investigations of visual changes, particularly as a result of pregnancy, are warranted.
Acute malnutrition and its determinants of preschool children in Bangladesh: gender differentiation
Authors: Karim Md. Reazul , Al Mamun Abu Sayed Md. , Rana Md. Masud , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Shoma Nurun Naher , Dutt Dhiman , Bharati Premananda , Hossain Md. Golam
Published: December 2021

Background

Children acute malnutrition (AM) is a global public health concern, especially in low and middle income countries. AM is associated with multiple physiological vulnerabilities, including immune dysfunction, enteric barrier disruption, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and essential nutrient deficits. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AM and its associated factors among preschool children in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December, 2016. Children acute malnutrition was assessed using mid-upper arm circumference. Multiple binary logistic regression analyses were employed to determine the associated factors after adjusting the effect of independent factors of children AM.

Result

The prevalence of AM amongst preschool children was 8.7%, among them 2.2 and 6.5% were severe acute malnutrition and moderate acute malnutrition, respectively. Z-proportional test demonstrated that the difference in AM between girls (11.6) and boys (5.9%) was significant (p < 0.05). Children AM was associated with being: (i) children aged 6–23 months (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.20–4.37; p < 0.05), (ii) early childbearing mothers’ (age < 20 years) children (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI: 1.08–8.66; p < 0.05), (iii) children living in poor family (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.11–8.12; p < 0.05), (iv) children living in unhygienic latrine households (aOR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.52–5.09; p < 0.01), (v) Hindu or other religion children (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.19–0.92; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of AM was high among these preschool children. Some modifiable factors were associated with AM of preschool children. Interventions addressing social mobilization and food security could be an effective way to prevent acute malnutrition among children in Bangladesh.
Facilitators and barriers to antiretroviral therapy adherence among HIV-positive adolescents living in Tanzania
Authors: Audi Cosette , Jahanpour Ola , Antelman Gretchen , Guay Laura , Rutaihwa Mastidia , van de Ven Roland , Woelk Godfrey , Baird Sarah J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Adolescents living with HIV face substandard outcomes along the continuum of care, including higher rates of poor adherence and virologic failure. Support groups have been identified as a method to improve adherence, but there is insufficient evidence regarding their effectiveness. This study seeks to examine the protective influences for and barriers to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence in HIV-positive adolescents living in Tanzania.

Methods

This is a qualitative study conducted in Tanzania from January to March 2018. The sample of adolescents aged 10-19 (n = 33) was purposefully selected based on age, gender, and support group attendance to capture a broad range of experiences. Participants completed an in-depth interview, covering topics such as retention in HIV services, support group experiences, and joys and challenges of adolescent life. Interviews were coded and themes related to ART adherence were identified and summarized.

Results

Support groups helped promote adherence by improving adolescents’ knowledge and confidence. Participants associated joining support groups with an improvement in health. Almost every participant described the significant positive influence a treatment supporter had on adherence. Adolescents’ daily schedules and emotional state served as a barrier to adherence. Furthermore, adherence was negatively impacted by participants’ fear of accidental disclosure.

Conclusion

Logistical and psychosocial factors can hinder adherence. Interventions that provide both education and psychosocial support, such as peer support groups, have the potential to improve health outcomes for this population, but may not address more persistent barriers to adherence rooted in lack of treatment support from family members or friends who have not been disclosed to, or lack of transportation funds/food security.
Non-communicable diseases in the southwest of Iran: profile and baseline data from the Shahrekord PERSIAN Cohort Study
Authors: Ahmadi Ali , Shirani Majid , Khaledifar Arsalan , Hashemzadeh Morteza , Solati Kamal , Kheiri Soleiman , Sadeghi Mehraban , Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah , Shahraki Hadi Raeisi , Asgharzadeh Alireza , Salehifard Ali Zamen , Mousavi Masoumeh , Zarean Elaheh , Goujani Reza , Nazari Seyed Saeed Hashemi , Poustchi Hossein , Dugué Pierre-Antoine
Published: December 2021

Background

Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to identifying prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS) was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude in the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakhtiari population, along with Fars and Turk ethnicity groups.

Methods

This ongoing cohort, a prospective, large-scale longitudinal study, includes a unique, rich biobank and was conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. SCS is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female, 47.2% male) from both urban (n=7034) and rural (n=3041) areas, and participants will be annually followed up for at least 15 years. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using baseline data from the SCS, using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Data analysis was performed using Stata software.

Results

The prevalence of NCDs was 9.8% for type 2 diabetes, 17.1% for hypertension, 11.6% for thyroid disease, 0.2% for multiple sclerosis and 5.7, 0.9 and 1.3% for ischemic heart disease, stroke and myocardial infarction, respectively. The prevalence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs) was higher in women (39.1%) than men (24.9%). The means (standard deviations) of age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were 49.5 (9) years, 27.6 (4.6) kg/m2, 115.4 (17.3) mmHg and 96.7 (27.3) mg/dL, respectively. Logistic regression models showed that older age, female gender, living in an urban area, non-native ethnicity, high wealth index, unemployment, obesity, low physical activity, hypertriglyceridemia, high fasting blood sugar, alkaline urine pH and high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were associated with increased prevalence of NCDs.

Conclusions

The SCS provides a platform for epidemiological studies that will be useful to better control NCDs in the southwest of Iran and to foster research collaboration. The SCS will be an essential resource for identifying NCD risk factors in this region and designing relevant public health interventions.
Effects of secukinumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover biomarkers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: 2-year data from a phase 3 study, MEASURE 1
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Buehring Bjoern , Baraliakos Xenofon , Gensler Lianne S. , Porter Brian , Quebe-Fehling Erhard , Haemmerle Sibylle
Published: December 2021

Background

Axial spondyloarthritis including ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is characterized by chronic inflammation and new bone formation in the axial skeleton. On the other hand, bone loss, osteoporosis and an increased risk of vertebral fractures is known to frequently occur in AS. In the MEASURE 1 study, the clinically efficacious interleukin-17A inhibitor secukinumab was shown to have limited radiographic progression through 4 years in patients with active AS. Here we present a post hoc analysis to evaluate the effect of secukinumab on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover biomarkers over 2 years in this study.

Methods

BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck. Spinal radiographs performed at baseline and Week 104 were assessed by modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) and analyzed in relation to BMD change, considering baseline syndesmophytes. Bone turnover biomarkers were assessed at baseline and at Weeks 52 or 104.

Results

Among 104 patients included in this analysis, 66% were male, with a mean (SD) age of 40.4 (12.3) years. In postmenopausal women and men ≥50 years of age (T-score), the proportion of patients having normal BMD at baseline and Week 104 were 54.5%/54.5% (lumbar spine), 31.6%/55.6% (total hip), and 42.1%/44.4% (femoral neck). Similarly, at baseline, the proportion of patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis was 31.8%/13.6% (lumbar spine), 57.9%/10.5% (total hip), 42.1%/15.8% (femoral neck), and 36.4%/9.1% (lumbar spine), 44.4%/0% (total hip) and 55.6%/0% (femoral neck) at Week 104, respectively. In premenopausal women and men < 50 years of age (Z-score), the proportion of patients having BMD below the expected range for age at baseline and Week 104 were 25.0%/21.2% (lumbar spine), 11.3%/17.8% (total hip), and 9.9%/8.9% (femoral neck). In relation to mSASSS change scores ≥2 over 2 years, the increase in lumbar spine BMD was not related to radiographic progression and syndesmophyte formation. No significant changes were observed in the bone turnover markers over time.

Conclusion

The high proportion of AS patients with diminished BMD was confirmed in this study. An increase of BMD in the lumbar spine after 2 years of secukinumab treatment in patients with AS was found that was probably unrelated to radiographic progression. No relevant effects of secukinumab on bone turnover biomarkers were documented.

Trial registration

MEASURE 1 (post hoc analysis) Clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01358175; Registered, 23 May 2011.
Genetic markers associated with insecticide resistance and resting behaviour in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes in selected sites in Kenya
Authors: Mwagira-Maina Sharon , Runo Steven , Wachira Lucy , Kitur Stanley , Nyasende Sarah , Kemei Brigid , Ochomo Eric , Matoke-Muhia Damaris , Mbogo Charles , Kamau Luna
Published: December 2021

Background

Molecular diagnostic tools have been incorporated in insecticide resistance monitoring programmes to identify underlying genetic basis of resistance and develop early warning systems of vector control failure. Identifying genetic markers of insecticide resistance is crucial in enhancing the ability to mitigate potential effects of resistance. The knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation associated with resistance to DDT and pyrethroids, the acetylcholinesterase-1 (ace-1R) mutation associated with resistance to organophosphates and carbamates and 2La chromosomal inversion associated with indoor resting behaviour, were investigated in the present study.

Methods

Anopheles mosquitoes sampled from different sites in Kenya and collected within the context of malaria vector surveillance were analysed. Mosquitoes were collected indoors using light traps, pyrethrum spray and hand catches between August 2016 and November 2017. Mosquitoes were identified using morphological keys and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes further identified into sibling species by the polymerase chain reaction method following DNA extraction by alcohol precipitation. Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles arabiensis were analysed for the presence of the kdr and ace-1R mutations, while 2La inversion was only screened for in An. gambiae where it is polymorphic. Chi-square statistics were used to determine correlation between the 2La inversion karyotype and kdr-east mutation.

Results

The kdr-east mutation occurred at frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 65.6% between sites. The kdr-west mutation was only found in Migori at a total frequency of 5.3% (n = 124). No kdr mutants were detected in Tana River. The ace-1R mutation was absent in all populations. The 2La chromosomal inversion screened in An. gambiae occurred at frequencies of 87% (n = 30), 80% (n = 10) and 52% (n = 50) in Baringo, Tana River and Migori, respectively. A significant association between the 2La chromosomal inversion and the kdr-east mutation was found.

Conclusion

The significant association between the 2La inversion karyotype and kdr-east mutation suggests that pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae continue to rest indoors regardless of the presence of treated bed nets and residual sprays, a persistence further substantiated by studies documenting continued mosquito abundance indoors. Behavioural resistance by which Anopheles vectors prefer not to rest indoors may, therefore, not be a factor of concern in this study’s malaria vector populations.
Cannabidiol (CBD) Use among children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Failing Christopher J , Boehnke Kevin F. , Riebschleger Meredith
Published: December 2021

Background

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is common and difficult to treat. Cannabidiol (CBD) is now widely available, but no studies to date have investigated the use of CBD for JIA.

Methods

We performed a chart review to identify patients with JIA at a Midwestern medical institution between 2017 and 2019. We surveyed primary caregivers of JIA patients using an anonymous, online survey with questions on caregiver knowledge and attitudes towards CBD. We compared respondents with no interest in CBD use vs. those contemplating or currently using CBD using descriptive statistics.

Results

Of 900 reviewed charts, 422 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 236 consented to be sent a survey link, and n=136 (58%) completed surveys. Overall, 34.5% (n=47) of respondents reported no interest in using a CBD product for their child’s JIA, while 54% (n=79) reported contemplating using CBD and 7% (n=10) reported currently giving their child CBD. Only 2% of respondents contemplating or actively using a CBD product learned about CBD from their child’s rheumatologist, compared with television (70%) or a friend (50%). Most respondents had not talked to their child’s rheumatologist about using CBD. Of those currently using CBD, most used oral or topical products, and only 10% of respondents (n=1) knew what dose they were giving their child.

Conclusions

Our results show infrequent use but a large interest in CBD among caregivers of children with JIA. Given CBD’s unknown safety profile in children with JIA, this study highlights a need for better studies and education around CBD for pediatric rheumatologists.
Hepatitis C virus DNA vaccines: a systematic review
Authors: Shayeghpour Ali , Kianfar Roya , Hosseini Parastoo , Ajorloo Mehdi , Aghajanian Sepehr , Hedayat Yaghoobi Mojtaba , Hashempour Tayebeh , Mozhgani Sayed-Hamidreza
Published: December 2021

Background

Vaccination against HCV is an effective measure in reduction of virus-related public health burden and mortality. However, no prophylactic vaccine is available as of yet. DNA-based immunization is a promising modality to generate cellular and humoral immune responses. The objective of this study is to provide a systematic review of HCV DNA vaccines and investigate and discuss the strategies employed to optimize their efficacies.

Methods

MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and databases in persian language including the Regional Information Centre for Science & Technology (RICeST), the Scientific Information Database and the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (IranDoc) were examined to identify studies pertaining to HCV nucleic acid vaccine development from 2000 to 2020.

Results

Twenty-seven articles were included. Studies related to HCV RNA vaccines were yet to be published. A variety of strategies were identified with the potential to optimize HCV DNA vaccines such as incorporating multiple viral proteins and molecular tags such as HBsAg and Immunoglobulin Fc, multi-epitope expression, co-expression plasmid utilization, recombinant subunit immunogens, heterologous prime-boosting, incorporating NS3 mutants in DNA vaccines, utilization of adjuvants, employment of less explored methods such as Gene Electro Transfer, construction of multi- CTL epitopes, utilizing co/post translational modifications and polycistronic genes, among others. The effectiveness of the aforementioned strategies in boosting immune response and improving vaccine potency was assessed.

Conclusions

The recent progress on HCV vaccine development was examined in this systematic review to identify candidates with most promising prophylactic and therapeutic potential.
Longitudinal DNA methylation dynamics as a practical indicator in clinical epigenetics
Authors: Komaki Shohei , Ohmomo Hideki , Hachiya Tsuyoshi , Sutoh Yoichi , Ono Kanako , Furukawa Ryohei , Umekage So , Otsuka-Yamasaki Yayoi , Tanno Kozo , Sasaki Makoto , Shimizu Atsushi
Published: December 2021

Background

One of the fundamental assumptions of DNA methylation in clinical epigenetics is that DNA methylation status can change over time with or without interplay with environmental and clinical conditions. However, little is known about how DNA methylation status changes over time under ordinary environmental and clinical conditions. In this study, we revisited the high frequency longitudinal DNA methylation data of two Japanese males (24 time-points within three months) and characterized the longitudinal dynamics.

Results

The results showed that the majority of CpGs on Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip probe set were longitudinally stable over the time period of three months. Focusing on dynamic and stable CpGs extracted from datasets, dynamic CpGs were more likely to be reported as epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) markers of various traits, especially those of immune- and inflammatory-related traits; meanwhile, the stable CpGs were enriched in metabolism-related genes and were less likely to be EWAS markers, indicating that the stable CpGs are stable both in the short-term within individuals and under various environmental and clinical conditions.

Conclusions

This study indicates that CpGs with different stabilities are involved in different functions and traits, and thus, they are potential indicators that can be applied for clinical epigenetic studies to outline underlying mechanisms.
Macrophage activation syndrome in MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis and COVID-19 infection
Authors: Keshtkarjahromi Marzieh , Chhetri Sumit , Balagani Amulya , Tayyab Umm-ul-Banin B. , Haas Christopher J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare multiorgan system disorder that may present as a fatal complication of underlying rheumatological disease, including dermatomyositis.

Case presentation

Here, we report the case of a 65-year-old Caucasian female with a history of psoriasis and a recent diagnosis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who presented with progressive generalized weakness, joint pains, an erythematous rash, shortness of breath, and weight loss. She was ultimately diagnosed with biopsy-confirmed melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis complicated by MAS, requiring intravenous immunoglobulin and high-dose methylprednisolone.

Conclusions

This report serves as a clinical reminder of the rare, yet clinically relevant association between MDA5-positive dermatomyositis and MAS, as well as highlights the potential contribution of other immune system activating diseases, such as COVID-19, associated with a cytokine storm and hyperinflammatory state.
Severity-dependent variations of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral vestibular vertigo
Authors: Bintang Andi Kurnia , Magasingan Eva Iin
Published: December 2021

Background

Peripheral vestibular vertigo is a common cause of vertigo especially in the elderly. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a rapid and cost-effective inflammatory marker that has been assessed previously in peripheral vestibular disorders. However, its relation to the severity of peripheral vertigo has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study is to assess the levels of NLR in peripheral vestibular vertigo of various severity categories. This was a cross-sectional study at the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital and Hasanuddin University Teaching Hospital in Makassar. The NLR was measured among subjects with periphel vestibular vertigo with severity categorised using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) questionnaire.

Results

A total of 39 participants with peripheral vestibular vertigo were recruited. A statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.002, Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA) between the mean NLR for the mild, moderate, and severe DHI categories were 2.47 ± 1.66, 2.64 ± 0.96, and 5.15 ± 2.59 respectively.

Conclusion

A significant difference in the NLR was found between the three different vertigo severity groups, wherein NLR values rise with increase in vertigo severity. This warrants further exploration on the role of inflammatory biomarkers in vertigo pathophysiology and clinical assessment.
The possible relation between stigma, parent psychiatric symptoms, quality of life and the disease burden in families of children with autism spectrum disorder in Egypt: a multicentre study
Authors: Gabra Romany H. , Hashem Doaa F. , Ahmed Gellan K.
Published: December 2021

Background

Most autism spectrum disorder (ASD) interventions evaluated child outcomes and ignoring the role of parent and family factors on both the immediate- and long-term effects of therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between stigma, parent mental health problems, and quality of life and burden in families of children with ASD in Egypt and its risk factors. Seventy parents of ASD children were recruited from two child intervention centers. Participants were divided into two groups based on burden scale: caregivers of moderate burden (n = 27) and caregivers of severe burden (n = 43). All parents were evaluated for demographic data, zarit Burden Interview, socioeconomic scale, symptom checklist–90 (SCL90), Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue Community Stigma Scale (EMIC-CSS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life–BREF (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results

Half of the parents reported significant stigma, particularly caregivers with a severe burden. Caregivers with severe burden had more depression and about twice the frequency of sensitivity and somatization problems, lower QoL (20%) as compared with caregivers with moderate burden. Parents with ASD had many associate factors such as work, male autistic children and their caregiver, age of children and parents, the severity of the condition, and disease duration with burden, stigma, QoL, and mental health problems.

Conclusions

This study linked the interrelationships between increased burden and stigma, impaired quality of life, and parental mental health problems; the presence of one of these variables was found to increase the risk of other variables.
Symbiotic and adverse interplay of hypogeal germination periods on brown rice (Oryza sativa): nutrient and non-nutrient characteristics
Authors: Chima Judith Uchenna , Fasuan Temitope Omolayo
Published: December 2021

This study investigated the symbiotic and adverse consequence of hypogeal germination periods on nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics of brown rice (Oryza sativa). Brown rice paddy was subjected to hypogeal germination for 0–72 h using one-factor design-response surface methodology (OFD-RSM) and evaluated for nutrients and non-nutrient characteristics. The results showed that hypogeal germination caused a significant (p < 0.05) change in the proximate composition: protein (9.42–12.36%), fat (0.88–1.38%), ash (1.87–2.50%); anti-nutrients: saponin (2.03–2.22%), oxalate (2.44–3.45 mg/100 g), phytate (6.99–8.81 mg/100 g); functional properties: water absorption capacity, WAC (121.23–147.78%), oil absorption capacity, OAC (121.39–147.26%); antioxidants properties: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH (35.30–43.60%), ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP (0.054–0.119 mMolFe2+), metal chelating activity, MCA (44.28–52.99%), total phenolic content, TPC (0.623–0.798 mg gallic acid equipvalent per gram (mgGAE/g)), total flavonoid content, TFC (43.47–50.63 mg rutin equivalent per gram (mgRUTIN/g)); and mineral content: calcium (36.0–41.76 mg/100 g), phosphorus (82.53–94.32 mg/100 g), and magnesium (162.70–168.36 mg/100 g). Germination had significant symbiotic effects (linear and quadratic) on the proximate, DPPH, FRAP, MCA, TPC, WAC, OAC, and anti-nutrients. Whereas, adverse effects (linear and quadratic) of germination were noted in total flavonoids and anti-nutrients. Optimum hypogeal germination period of 72.18 h was established and corresponding protein (12.37 g/100 g), fat (1.37 g/100 g), fibre (2.15 g/100 g), moisture (10.07 g/100 g), DPPH (43.66%), FRAP (0.105mMolFe2+), TPC (0.08mgGAE/g), TFC (50.25MgRUTIN/g), WAC (147.99%), OAC (147.29%), Calcium (41.77 mg/100 g), iron (0.207 mg/100 g), zinc (5.89 mg/100 g), phosphorus (94.77 mg/100 g). Phenolic compounds profile of the optimized germinated brown rice showed the presence of gallic acid (2.84 mg/100 g), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (3.41 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (4.63 mg/100 g), vanillic acid (6.19 mg/100 g), catechin (3.88 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (1.93 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (4.16 mg/100 g), and quercetin (1.27 mg/100 g) whereas, the non-germinated rice showed gallic acid (2.05 mg/100 g), 4-hydroxy benzoic acid (2.53 mg/100 g), caffeic acid (4.11 mg/100 g), vanillic acid (6.08 mg/100 g), catechin (3.35 mg/100 g), chlorogenic acid (1.89 mg/100 g), ferulic acid (4.23 mg/100 g), and quercetin (1.29 mg/100 g). Hypogeal germinated brown rice could find application as a functional ingredient in food formulation.
Beyond the basics: a detailed conceptual framework of integrated STEM
Authors: Roehrig Gillian H. , Dare Emily A. , Ellis Joshua A. , Ring-Whalen Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

Given the large variation in conceptualizations and enactment of K− 12 integrated STEM, this paper puts forth a detailed conceptual framework for K− 12 integrated STEM education that can be used by researchers, educators, and curriculum developers as a common vision. Our framework builds upon the extant integrated STEM literature to describe seven central characteristics of integrated STEM: (a) centrality of engineering design, (b) driven by authentic problems, (c) context integration, (d) content integration, (e) STEM practices, (f) twenty-first century skills, and (g) informing students about STEM careers. Our integrated STEM framework is intended to provide more specific guidance to educators and support integrated STEM research, which has been impeded by the lack of a deep conceptualization of the characteristics of integrated STEM. The lack of a detailed integrated STEM framework thus far has prevented the field from systematically collecting data in classrooms to understand the nature and quality of integrated STEM instruction; this delays research related to the impact on student outcomes, including academic achievement and affect. With the framework presented here, we lay the groundwork for researchers to explore the impact of specific aspects of integrated STEM or the overall quality of integrated STEM instruction on student outcomes.
Tissue stiffness in BPH patients from magnetic resonance elastography
Authors: Aphinives Chalida , Kiatsayompoo Watcharaphon , Eurboonyanun Kulyada , Twinprai Prin , Jaruchainiwat Saranya
Published: December 2021

Background

BPH is commonly found in older men which can lead to lower urinary tract symptoms. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is an innovative, noninvasive imaging technique used to evaluate tissue stiffness. There has not been any study, however, that assessed the tissue stiffness in patients with BPH. A prospective descriptive study was performed to demonstrated MRI and MRE techniques of the prostate gland in ten patients with BPH to assess tissue stiffness, features of BPH on MRI and components of BPH in the area of increased stiffness.

Results

MRI and MRE examinations in all patients were successful without any complications. The mean tissue stiffness of the whole prostate gland was 4.40 ± 0.71 kPa with good reproducibility (ICC 0.82). Stromal components and mixed glandular-stromal components tended to be associated with the areas of increased stiffness on stiffness images, 50.6% for stromal components and 37.9% for mixed glandular-stromal components. Some MRI findings were seen on the patients with high mean stiffness values such as prostatic calcification, type-5 BPH pattern and large prostate volumes.

Conclusions

Prostate MRE is a useful noninvasive reproducible diagnostic tool for evaluating prostate tissue stiffness by both qualitative and quantitative assessments. The mean prostate tissue stiffness from MRE in patients with BPH in this study was 4.40 ± 0.71 kPa. Some MRI features might be associated with increased tissue stiffness.

Trial registration: PID 229. Registered 4 October 2019.http://md.redcap.kku.ac.th
What the psychiatrist needs to know about the coroner's court in England and Wales
Authors: van Dellen Anton , Harris Andrew , Merryweather James , Simsek Ceylan , Pendlebury Gabrielle
Published: December 2021

It is highly likely that a psychiatrist will be called to an inquest at some point in their career. Our aim in this article is to educate psychiatrists in relation to the law and processes of a coroner's court in England and Wales and provide guidance on engaging with the system. To achieve this we review and discuss the relevant law and medico-legal aspects of inquests. Knowledge and preparation are key to negotiating any inquest and we would hope that the understanding and guidance offered in this article will reduce anxiety, make the situation manageable and aid professionalism, in often tragic circumstances.