bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ШЛЯХИ ПОКРАЩЕННЯ НАВЧАННЯ З МЕТОЮ ПОПЕРЕДЖЕННЯ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНИХ ПОРУШЕНЬ У СТУДЕНТІВ-МЕДИКІВ ВИЩИХ МЕДИЧНИХ ЗАКЛАДІВ
Authors: Bobruk S. V.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – проаналізувати фактори негативного впливу, які виникають під час навчального процесу у студентів-медиків, та полегшити вивчення і закріплення матеріалу.Основна частина. Проаналізовано умови навчання студентів-медиків Вінницького національного медичного університету ім. М. І. Пирогова. В ході роботи було встановлено, що одними з основних труднощів, із якими зіштовхуються майбутні лікарі, – це необхідність засвоєння великого об’єму навчального матеріалу за короткий період часу та відсутність відпочинку. Створення кімнат для відпочинку між заняттями чи після них та викладення матеріалу у вигляді рольових ігор забезпечать краще вивчення і засвоєння не тільки теоретичного, а й практичного матеріалу та покращать психоемоційний стан студентів-медиків. Перспективною є також робота зі студентами спеціаліста в галузі психології, який, у свою чергу, зможе вчасно виявити та надати допомогу студентам, які входять у групу ризику щодо психоемоційних розладів.Висновки. Підвищення продуктивності навчання студентів-медиків можна досягти шляхом впровадження в практику викладання матеріалу у вигляді рольових ігор. Це дасть можливість викладачу оцінити та закріпити знання одразу усієї групи студентів, серед яких здорова конкуренція слугуватиме мотивацією до кращого навчання. Вирішити ряд проблем, які виникають з боку порушення психоемоційного здоровʼя, можна створенням умов для отримання кваліфікованої допомоги психолога, що сприятиме легшому перебігу адаптації до навантаження.
ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ДОДИПЛОМНОГО НАВЧАННЯ НА КАФЕДРІ АКУШЕРСТВА ТА ГІНЕКОЛОГІЇ
Authors: Gusiev V. M. , Astachov V. M. , Shevchenko Ye. O.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – підвищити ефективність навчання та якість знань студентів шляхом оптимізації практичної підготовки на додипломному рівні навчання.Основна частина. У статті наведені сучасні оригінальні технології проведення практичних занять із використанням інтерактивної форми навчальної діяльності. Використання сучасних макетів та муляжів у симуляційному центрі разом із вирішенням імітаційних ситуацій та задач у конкретних клінічних випадках сприятиме більш якісному оволодінню практичними навичками. Стаття присвячена проблемі підвищення ефективності підготовки студентів медичних факультетів на додипломному рівні навчання. Запропоновано впровадження у навчальний процес оригінальних розробок інтерактивних технологій для оптимізації практичної частини занять.Висновок. Інтерактивні методи навчання дозволяють стимулювати пізнавальну активність студентів, удосконалювати їх практичні навички, що в подальшому буде сприяти клінічному мисленню майбутніх лікарів, дозволятиме об’єктивно оцінювати результати отриманих даних та визначати тактику ведення пацієнта.
ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ФОРМИ В НАВЧАЛЬНИЙ ПРОЦЕС НА ПІСЛЯДИПЛОМНОМУ ЕТАПІ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ-ІНТЕРНІВ ДО СКЛАДАННЯ ЛІЦЕНЗІЙНОГО ІСПИТУ “КРОК-3. СТОМАТОЛОГІЯ”: РЕАЛІЇ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ
Authors: Sichkoris O. E. , Pupin T. I. , Minko L. Yu. , Kolach T. S.
Published: June 2018

Мета роботи – впровадження дистанційної форми в навчальний процес лікарів-інтернів як складової підготовки до складання ліцензійного іспиту “Крок-3. Стоматологія”, оцінка переваг та недоліків.Основна частина. До курсу ДН “КРОК-3. Стоматологія” на програмній платформі “Модус” [http://misa.meduniv.lviv.ua/] залучено 145 лікарів-інтернів першого року навчання, котрі проходили очну частину інтернатури на ФПДО ЛНМУ імені Данила Галицького. Аналіз результатів трьох блоків вказує на зниження середнього відсотка успішності на фоні підвищення середньої кількості пропущених претестувань в Блоках ІІ та ІІІ  порівняно з Блоком І. Так, на кінець Блоку ІІ ДН середній відсоток успішності знизився на 9,71 %, на кінець Блоку ІІІ – на 32,58 % порівняно з Блоком І, при зростанні середньої кількості пропущених претестувань у Блоці ІІ – у майже 2,5 раза та у Блоці ІІІ – у 3,17 раза порівняно з підготовкою на очному циклі інтернатури. Встановлено вірогідний зворотний кореляційний зв’язок між середньою кількістю пропущених претестувань та результатами “КРОК-3” (r= - 0,14 при р<0,05) і прямий кореляційний зв’язок між середнім відсотком підготовки за три блоки ДН та результатами “КРОК-3” (r=0,23 при р<0,05). Аналіз проведених трьох блоків ДН лікарів-інтернів, що склали та не склали “КРОК-3. Стоматологія”, вказує на достовірну різницю між показниками як середньої кількості пропущених тестових тренувань – нижче в 1,2 раза в осіб, що склали іспит (р<0,01), порівняно з тими, хто не склав, так і вищого в 1,32 раза середнього відсотка успішності на тестових тренуваннях відповідно (р<0,0001).Висновки. Запровадження ДН дозволило лікарям-інтернам проходити претестування в зручний для них час з обов’язковим контролем хронометражу часу та можливістю ревізії власних помилок; викладачам здійснювати контроль за підготовкою до “КРОК-3” дистанційно й забезпечити безперервність підготовки до ліцензійного іспиту. Водночас, згідно з аналізом проведеного дослідження, ДН не може бути самостійною формою в підготовці до “КРОК-3. Стоматологія”, оскільки вимагає високого рівня самодисципліни лікаря-інтерна, проте як інтегрований курс дозволяє виявити та сформувати групу ризику на підставі аналізу даних середньої кількості пропущених претестувань та середнього відсотка успішності, особливо на етапі заочної форми інтернатури.
Hypoxia-Induced Mitogenic Factor Promotes Cardiac Hypertrophy via Calcium-Dependent and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Mechanisms
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Wang Gang , Liu Wenjuan , Ding Wenwen , Dong Ming , Zheng Na , Ye Hongyu , Liu Jie
Published: June 2018

HIMF (hypoxia-induced mitogenic factor/found in inflammatory zone 1/resistin like α) is a secretory and cytokine-like protein and serves as a critical stimulator of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. With a role for HIMF in heart disease unknown, we explored the possible roles for HIMF in cardiac hypertrophy by overexpressing and knocking down HIMF in cardiomyocytes and characterizing HIMF gene (
himf
) knockout mice. We found that HIMF mRNA and protein levels were upregulated in phenylephrine-stimulated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and our mouse model of transverse aortic constriction–induced cardiac hypertrophy, as well as in human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, HIMF overexpression could induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as characterized by elevated protein expression of hypertrophic biomarkers (ANP [atrial natriuretic peptide] and β-MHC [myosin heavy chain-β]) and increased cell-surface area compared with controls. Conversely, HIMF knockdown prevented phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and
himf
ablation in knockout mice significantly attenuated transverse aortic constriction–induced hypertrophic remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. HIMF overexpression increased the cytosolic Ca
2+
concentration and activated the CaN–NFAT (calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways; this effect could be prevented by reducing cytosolic Ca
2+
concentration with L-type Ca
2+
channel blocker nifedipine or inhibiting the CaSR (Ca
2+
sensing receptor) with Calhex 231. Furthermore, HIMF overexpression increased HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor) expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes, and HIMF knockout inhibited HIF-1α upregulation in transverse aortic constriction mice. Knockdown of HIF-1α attenuated HIMF-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, HIMF has a critical role in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, and targeting HIMF may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
Conotrachelus dimidiatus Champion, 1904 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae): morphological re-description of the immature stages, keys, tribal comparisons and biology
Authors: TORRES BETZABETH CECILIA PÉREZ , SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ , MARÍN-CEVADA VIANEY , ELIZALDE-GONZÁLEZ MARÍA P.
Published: June 2018

The mature larva and pupa of Conotrachelus dimidiatus Champion, 1904 (Curculionidae: Molytinae) are morphologically re-described, keyed and, for the first time, compared with known larvae and pupae of other Conotrachelus species. The chaetotaxy of the larval and pupal body in the genus Conotrachelus is probably strictly uniform. The immature stages of described species are also compared with available data on the immature stages of genera from several tribes in the subfamily Molytinae. All larvae of Conotrachelus have a distinct endocranial line of a different size and a frons with only three setae. The states of these two distinct characteristics in larvae of the eight known Conotrachelus species are constant and unique compared to other tribes in the subfamily Molytinae. In Central Mexico, overwintering Conotrachelus beetles emerge in July and then feed and mate on host plants. Larvae are endophagous within the fruits. In September and October, the larvae pupate in the soil. This new information will be very useful in the application of pesticides to the fight against this well-known pest in Mexico.
Senior synonyms for three Neotropical birds described by Louis Vieillot based on Félix de Azara (Passeriformes: Thraupidae, Tyrannidae, Tityridae)
Authors: SMITH PAUL , PACHECO J. FERNANDO , BENCKE GLAYSON ARIEL , ALEIXO ALEXANDRE
Published: June 2018

The nomenclatural history of three species described by Vieillot based on the descriptions of Félix de Azara is examined. Adherent to the Principle of Priority under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, old available names and senior synonyms are identified for the thraupid Uniform Finch Haplospiza plumbea (Vieillot, 1818a); tyrannid Tropical Pewee Contopus sylvestris (Vieillot, 1816); and tityrid White-winged Becard Pachyramphus cyanocephalus (Vieillot, 1816). These names were based respectively on Azara’s Number 111 “Pico de punzón obscuro aplomado”, Number 168 “Tachurí obscurito mayor” and Number 217 “Batará obscuro y negro”. It is recommended that these names should all be suppressed as nomina oblita in the interests of stability.
Towards a Christian Philosophy of the Cross
Authors: Moser Paul K. , Nasmith Benjamin
Published: June 2018

Theologians, Biblical scholars, philosophers of religion, and others often confront something called ‘Christian philosophy’. It is typically left unclear, however, what such a philosophy consists in, or even what makes such a philosophy distinctive. This article provides some needed clarity by introducing a Christian philosophy of the cross, that is, of Christ crucified. It proposes that what makes a philosophy distinctively Christian is the same thing that makes anything else Christian: the role of Christ crucified. It doing so, it takes exception to some influential ‘Advice to Christian Philosophers’ offered by Alvin Plantinga, and it draws from some helpful insights of P.T. Forsyth on Christian authority and inquiry. The article offers some uniquely Christian advice to Christian philosophers and others, in accordance with the Christian message of Christ crucified.
Elementary School Education and the Right to Education Act, 2009
Authors: Malvankar Alka
Published: June 2018

In India, vide Right to Education Act, 2009, elementary school education has been made a fundamental right of children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. The objective is to achieve the goal of universal elementary education for all. The Right to Education Act, 2009, has also allocated 25 per cent places in private schools for socially disadvantaged children. In the course of assessing the social effect of Right to Education Act, 2009, existing literature has been analysed. Although India has measured great strides in enlisting school enrolment, some problems exist. An attempt has been made to elicit the state of school education in India by analysing the growth of private schools and the facts in state schools. Some suggestions have been made to improve the educational situation in schools in the given social circumstances.
Global expertise, local convincing power: Management consultants and preserving the entrepreneurial city
Authors: Vogelpohl Anne
Published: June 2018

The advice of management consultancies on urban policy is particularly influential in moments of crisis involving entrepreneurial principles. As global experts, management consultants appear as appropriate assistants for steering growth-oriented, competitive urban development. In order to show how consultants turn the urban into an entrepreneurial project to be managed, I discuss the literature on urban policy and consultants then examine the activities of private management consultancies in six German cities. Empirically, I first explore the specificities of urban policy advice given by globally operating consultancies (their methodological approach and the projectisation of the urban; global networks and comparative–competitive thinking; fast databases; reputation; externality). Second, I critically reflect on how the consultants’ advice is fundamentally reshaped by local actors in the process of policy making (through participation, appropriation, slowdown and politicisation). The paper thus critically evaluates the rise of expertise–policy relations and calls attention to mechanisms for patching the fractures of the entrepreneurial city.
Impact of cognitive flexibility on rapid reading skills training outcomes for primary school students in China
Authors: Gao Tao , Zhao Junfeng , Dou Kai , Wang Yujie , Li Xiaoming , Harrison Sayward E.
Published: June 2018

This study used a quasi-experimental design to investigate the impact of Rapid Reading Skills Training (RRST) on some reading outcomes for primary school students in central China and also examined the influence of cognitive flexibility on intervention outcomes. A sample of 108 students (mean age = 11.75 years) were recruited. Students' cognitive flexibility was measured with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Cluster randomization was used to assign students at the whole class level to either an experimental or control condition. A 12-session RRST intervention was completed with the experimental class ( N = 54). Silent reading speed and passage comprehension were measured before and after training for all students. Independent samples t-tests and two-factor repeated measures ANOVA revealed that students in the experimental class displayed higher scores for reading speed and effective reading rate post-intervention than those in the control class. Students who had scored higher on cognitive flexibility showed significantly larger increases post-intervention than those scored lower. Results provide preliminary support for using RRST to increase rapid silent reading speed among Chinese primary school students, though replication and more rigorous experimental designs are needed. Cognitive flexibility may enhance gains associated with this type of intervention. Implications for school psychologists are discussed.
The Effect of Video Modeling and Video Prompting Interventions on Individuals With Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Park Jiyoon , Bouck Emily , Duenas Ana
Published: June 2018

A popular technology-based intervention is video-based instruction (VBI). VBI is known to be effective in teaching various skills to individuals with intellectual disability. Although many researchers have taught this population various skills using video modeling and/or prompting, none have conducted a literature review for this population. The purpose of this review was to analyze different types of VBI (i.e., video modeling, video prompting) used in intervention research, the skills taught using these methods, and their effectiveness. The findings demonstrate both video modeling and video prompting were used to similar extents, daily/living skills were taught more often, and many studies combined video modeling or video prompting interventions with additional strategies (e.g., error correction, constant time delay).
Stochastic models of compliant spine arrays for rough surface grasping
Authors: Jiang Hao , Wang Shiquan , Cutkosky Mark R
Published: June 2018

This paper presents models of arrays of compliantly supported spines that attach to rough surfaces. The applications include climbing and perching robots. Surfaces are characterized in terms of asperity distributions, which lead to stochastic models of spine force capabilities over a range of loading directions. Models cover unidirectional spine arrays and pairs of opposed arrays that withstand normal forces pulling away from a surface. Experiments on a variety of surfaces confirm the predicted behavior. For opposed spine arrays, the overall load capability also depends on the preloading strategy for applying internal forces. Insights from the analysis guide the design of spine array mechanisms to allow, for example, a small aerial platform to attach to walls and ceilings.
Conceptual Synchronisation: From Progress to Crisis
Authors: Jordheim Helge , Wigen Einar
Published: June 2018

International order is also temporal order, based on the alignment, more precisely, the synchronisation of the multiple times at work on a global scale. Synchronicity between cultures, languages, and polities does not emerge by itself. To create temporal orderings on a global scale requires work: political, social, and linguistic. Some work of synchronisation is performed by technological innovations such as clocks, trains, telegraph lines, phones, satellites etc. Another set of tools, however, is linguistic, made up by concepts used to make historical and political time understandable and workable. Concepts are used to order events, objects and polities temporally, thus making both them and their temporality aspects of international order. By drawing together experiences, events, and meanings from different knowledge fields or cultures, they synchronise them, aligning their speeds, rhythms, and durations. One of the most central concepts that have been used in synchronisation over the past two centuries is progress. In this article we map out how it has synchronised temporalities on a global scale, and ask whether progress is in the process of being replaced by the concept of crisis as the main tool for synchronising temporalities in international society – using examples from political and administrative rhetoric as well as anthropological studies.
Necessity of Automated Vehicle Control Customization: Experimental Results during Lane Changing
Authors: Hashimoto Naohisa , Thompson Simon , Kato Shin , Boyali Ali , Tsugawa Sadayuki
Published: June 2018

This study investigated the necessity of automated vehicle control customization for individual drivers via a lane-changing experiment involving 35 subjects and an automated minivan. The experiment consisted of two automated driving conditions: one in which the subject was unable to override vehicle controls, the other with the option to override when the subject felt it was necessary. The automated vehicle drove at a speed of 40 km/h along three kinds of planned paths for lane changing, generated by Bezier curves; the distance required for lane changing was varied to obtain the preferred path of each subject. Various data obtained during driving, including vehicle trajectories and steering angles produced by subjects were logged. After automated driving, a questionnaire was administered to each subject. The experimental data showed that there was a statistically significant difference between comfort when the vehicle drove along the subject’s preferred path, and when it drove along other paths. The results of the questionnaire indicated that 46% of the subjects preferred the planned path that most closely resembled their own. In addition, quantitative analysis of driving data found that approximately 69% of the subjects preferred an automated driving control that resembled their own. However, it was also observed that certain subjects were open to multiple types of automated vehicle control. The experimental results indicate that drivers will not necessarily accept a single type of automated vehicle control, therefore customization will be necessary to improve acceptance of automated driving.
Network Scale Travel Time Prediction using Deep Learning
Authors: Hou Yi , Edara Praveen
Published: June 2018

In recent years, deep learning models have been receiving increased attention within the artificial intelligence (AI) community because of their high prediction accuracy. In this paper, two deep learning models, long short-term memory (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN), are proposed to predict travel time in a road network. One major advantage of using deep learning for travel time prediction is that it can make accurate predictions for all the segments in the transportation network with a single model structure, instead of building customized models for each segment separately. The proposed models were evaluated on a transportation network in the City of Saint Louis, Missouri. The prediction results show that deep learning can provide accurate prediction for both congested and uncongested traffic conditions, and can successfully capture the traffic dynamics of unexpected incidents or special events. The study findings show that deep learning offers a promising approach to real-time prediction of travel times on a network scale.
A Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting the Frequency and Severity of Freight-Involved and Non-Freight Crashes on a Major Freight Corridor Freeway
Authors: Taylor Samuel G. , Russo Brendan J. , James Emmanuel
Published: June 2018

Traffic crashes cost society billions of dollars each year as a result of property damage, injuries, and fatalities. Additionally, traffic crashes have a negative impact on mobility, as they are a primary cause of non-recurring delay. With the Interstate 10 corridor between the ports of Los Angeles and Houston being one of the most vital links for goods movement across the United States, safety and mobility along this freeway, particularly for freight traffic, are of significant concern. This study, which utilized six years of crash data from the state of Arizona, explores factors affecting the frequency and severity of crashes along the Arizona portion of the I-10 corridor, with a particular focus on freight-related crashes. The safety performance along the I-10 is analyzed through the development of crash frequency and severity prediction models using integrated crash, roadway, traffic, and environmental data. Negative binomial and ordered logit models, with the incorporation of random parameters, were estimated to provide a detailed understanding of factors associated with freight-involved crashes and how they compare to non-freight crashes in terms of frequency and severity. The results showed that several roadway- crash-, vehicle-, and person-related variables were associated with the frequency and/or severity of crashes along the study corridor. These findings provide important insights which can be used to develop or plan countermeasures aimed at improving the safety and efficiency of freight travel, which may include new ITS technologies, and targeted educational and enforcement campaigns.
Rapid Response and Slow Recovery of the H3K4me3 Epigenomic Marker in the Liver after Light-mediated Phase Advances of the Circadian Clock
Authors: Grygoryev Dmytro , Rountree Michael R. , Rwatambuga Furaha , Ohlrich Anna , Kukino Ayaka , Butler Matthew P. , Allen Charles N. , Turker Mitchell S.
Published: June 2018

Mammalian tissues display circadian rhythms in transcription, translation, and histone modifications. Here we asked how an advance of the light-dark cycle alters daily rhythms in the liver epigenome at the H3K4me3 (trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone 3) modification, which is found at active and poised gene promoters. H3K4me3 levels were first measured at 4 time points (zeitgeber time [ZT] 3, 8, 15, and 20) during a normal 12L:12D light-dark cycle. Peak levels were observed during the early dark phase at ZT15 and dropped to low levels around lights-on (ZT0) between ZT20 and ZT3. A 6-h phase advance at ZT18 (new lights-on after only 6 h of darkness) led to a transient extension of peak H3K4me3 levels. Although locomotor activity reentrained within a week after the phase advance, H3K4me3 rhythms failed to do so, with peak levels remaining in the light phase at the 1-week recovery time point. Eight weekly phase advances, with 1-week recovery times between each phase advance, further disrupted the H3K4me3 rhythms. Finally, we used the mPer2Luc knockin mouse to determine whether the phase advance also disrupted Per2 protein expression. Similar to the results from the histone work, we found both a rapid response to the phase advance and a delayed recovery, the latter in sync with H3K4me3 levels. A model to explain these results is offered.
Combined size and shape optimization of truss structures using subset simulation optimization
Authors: Ma Yuan-Zhuo , Li Hong-Shuang , Tee Kong-Fah , Yao Wei-Xing
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an approach to solve the combined size and shape design optimization problems using recently developed subset simulation optimization for both continuous and discrete design variables. Except for the componentwise Metropolis–Hasting algorithm, a recently developed adaptive conditional sampling algorithm is also employed as an alternative approach for generating new conditional samples (candidate designs) for each simulation level, which enhances the accuracy and stability of the optimization process. Besides, a double-criterion sorting algorithm is used to handle the design constraints and integrate them in the generation of conditional samples during the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation, and the inverse transform method is employed to deal with the discrete design variables. Totally, four numerical examples are considered, including a 15-bar 2D truss, an 18-bar 2D truss, a 39-bar 3D truss and a truss-type landing gear of an unmanned aerial vehicle. The optimal designs obtained from subset simulation optimization using either the componentwise Metropolis–Hasting algorithm or the adaptive conditional sampling algorithm succeed in substantially reducing the weights of the truss-type structures under design constraints in terms of the member stress, the Euler buckling and the nodal displacement. The computational results indicate the proposed method can be taken as an alternative tool for structural optimization design on truss structures when involving the combined size and shape design.
Biomechanical simulation of eye-airbag impacts during vehicle accidents
Authors: Shirzadi Hooman , Zohoor Hassan , Naserkhaki Sadegh
Published: June 2018

Airbags are safety devices in vehicles effectively suppressing passengers’ injuries during accidents. Although there are still many cases of eye injuries reported due to eye-airbag impacts in recent years. Biomechanical approaches are now feasible and can considerably help experts to investigate the issue without ethical concerns. The eye-airbag impact–induced stresses/strains in various components of the eye were found to investigate the risk of injury in different conditions (impact velocity and airbag pressure). Three-dimensional geometry of the eyeball, fat and bony socket as well as the airbag were developed and meshed to develop a finite element model. Nonlinear material properties of the vitreous body and sclera were found through the in vitro tests on ovine samples and for the other components were taken from the literature. The eye collided the airbag due to the velocity field in the dynamic explicit step in Abaqus. Results of compression tests showed a nonlinear curve for vitreous body with average ultimate stress of 22 (18–25) kPa. Tensile behavior of sclera was viscoelastic nonlinear with ultimate stresses changing from 2.51 (2.3–2.7) to 4.3 (4–4.6) MPa when loading strain rate increased from 10 to 600 mm/min. Sclera, ciliary body, cornea and lens were the eye components with highest stresses (maximum stress reached up to 9.3 MPa). Cornea, retina and choroid experienced the highest strains with the maximum up to 14.1%. According to the previously reported injury criteria for cornea, it was at high risk of injury considering both stress and strains. Reduced pressure of the airbag was beneficial decreased stress of all components. Comprehensive investigations in this area can disclose biomechanical behavior of the eye during eye-airbag impact. Effective guidelines can be drawn for airbag design for instance the airbag pressure which reduces risk of eye injury.
Public Distribution System in Uttar Pradesh: Access, Utilization and Impact
Authors: Gupta Abha , Mishra Deepak K.
Published: June 2018

The public distribution system (PDS) in Uttar Pradesh (UP), India’s most populous state, was widely recognized as dysfunctional. However, following the introduction of reforms in recent times, analysts have put this state in the category of “reviving” states. Against this backdrop, this article presents recent evidence of improved accessibility, utilization and impact of PDS in UP using data from the 68th Round of the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO) Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) and primary data collected from six villages of western UP. The main findings show that the accessibility to PDS rationing is higher among lower socioeconomic groups and regions, which also have a higher share of PDS commodities in their food consumption and calorie intake in comparison to the non-poor categories. PDS has also made a positive and significant contribution towards ensuring food security among poor families. However, entitlements for the non-poor have been gradually phased out as the majority of them do not purchase food items and consider their entitlement for “kerosene only.” With high levels of corruption and lower income margins, ration dealers siphon off a part of the PDS quota for sale in the open market or charge higher prices to cover their losses.
A contested terrain: Re/conceptualising the well-being of homeworkers
Authors: Naz Farah , Bögenhold Dieter
Published: June 2018

Disenchantment with traditional income-based measures of well-being has led to the search for alternative measures. Two major alternative measures of well-being come from subjective well-being research and the objective capability approach. The capability approach has been largely discussed in the context of development studies and economics and is mainly used within quantitative frameworks, but it also raises many questions that are worthy of discussion from a sociological perspective as well. This study opts for a qualitative approach to transpose capability approach in order to assess the well-being of female homeworkers in the football industry of Pakistan. The aim of this empirical research is to focus on the capabilities of homeworkers in accessing economic, individual, social and psychological aspects of well-being.
Toxicity associated with ingestion of a polyacrylic acid hydrogel dog pad
Authors: Dorman David C. , Foster Melanie L. , Olesnevich Brooke , Bolon Brad , Castel Aude , Sokolsky-Papkov Marina , Mariani Christopher L.
Published: June 2018

Superabsorbent sodium polyacrylate polymeric hydrogels that retain large amounts of liquids are used in disposable diapers, sanitary napkins, and other applications. These polymers are generally considered “nontoxic” with acute oral median lethal doses (LD50) >5 g/kg. Despite this favorable toxicity profile, we identified a novel toxic syndrome in dogs and rats following the ingestion of a commercial dog pad composed primarily of a polyacrylic acid hydrogel. Inappropriate mentation, cerebellar ataxia, vomiting, and intention tremors were observed within 24 h after the ingestion of up to 15.7 g/kg of the hydrogel by an adult, castrated male Australian Shepherd mix. These observations prompted an experimental study in rats to further characterize the toxicity of the hydrogel. Adult, female Sprague Dawley rats ( n = 9) were assessed before and after hydrogel ingestion (2.6–19.2 g/kg over 4 h) using a functional observation battery and spontaneous motor activity. Clinical signs consistent with neurotoxicity emerged in rats as early as 2 h after the end of hydrogel exposure, including decreased activity in an open field, hunched posture, gait changes, reduced reaction to handling, decreased muscle tone, and abnormal surface righting. Hydrogel-exposed rats also had reduced motor activity when compared with pre-exposure baseline data. Rats that ingested the hydrogel did not develop nervous system lesions. These findings support the conclusion that some pet pad hydrogel products can induce acute neurotoxicity in animals under high-dose exposure conditions.
The world of English language teaching: Creating equity or inequity?
Authors: Murray Denise E.
Published: June 2018

English language teaching takes place in a variety of different contexts around the globe, contexts that are affected by the megatrends of global competition, population mobility, and technological interconnectedness. These trends have resulted in increased demand for English as a tool for advancement individually and nationally. However, because language is a social practice, the introduction of English within existing linguistic, sociocultural, and political values and practices can create tensions. Learners investment in learning English depends on the extent to which they and their communities envisage any benefits from English or are positioned by societal forces. Additionally, local educational practices or quality may militate against the learning of English. English may therefore be rejected by communities or may maintain current societal inequities. Teachers, teacher educators, and teacher education programs need to be aware therefore that English teaching is not neutral, but a complex educational change.
“Now you’re connected”: Carceral visuality and police power on MobilePatrol
Authors: Revier Kevin
Published: June 2018

Police increasingly rely on new media software for public communication and policing operations. One such software is MobilePatrol: Public Safety App, a free to use mobile phone application marketed by data and analytics company Appriss Safety. It compiles information including mug shot photos, sex offender lists, and most wanted profiles for public access. To capture carceral visuality on the application, I conduct an ethnographic content analysis of police use in upstate New York. I penned a daily user log, took in-app “screenshots”, and analyzed user product reviews. I find that MobilePatrol reinforces an emerging new carceral visibility where an assemblage of police records are rapidly disseminated for widespread consumption, further driving data-led state entrenchment into the public sphere.
The interpretation and application of the right to effective participation
Authors: Owusu-Bempah Abenaa
Published: June 2018

Defendants have long held rights to participate in their criminal trials, including the right to effective participation. However, the precise meaning and scope of this right is unclear, and in practice the extent to which defendants can be said to participate effectively in criminal proceedings is often limited. This article examines the definition and uncertain scope of the right to effective participation. It also examines the narrow way in which the right has been applied by the courts, including a judicial willingness to reject medical opinion and an optimistic approach towards the effectiveness of special measures. It argues that there is a need for a clearer and more comprehensive definition of ‘effective participation’ and a more rigorous and medicalised approach to determining whether defendants can participate effectively, to ensure compliance with Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights and create legal certainty.
Growing spaces: an evaluation of the mental health recovery programme using mixed methods
Authors: Howarth Michelle , Rogers Michaela , Withnell Neil , McQuarrie Cath
Published: June 2018

Background

Therapeutic horticulture is a nature-based method that includes a range of green activities, such as gardening, to promote wellbeing. It is believed that therapeutic horticulture provides a person-centred approach that can reduce social isolation for people with mental health problems.

Aims

The aim of the project was to evaluate the impact of a mental health recovery programme that used therapeutic horticulture as an intervention to reduce social inclusion and improve engagement for people with mental health problems.

Methods

A mixed-methods approach was used and data from four semi-structured focus group interviews, 11 exit interviews and 20 ‘recovery star' datasets were collected from September 2015 to October 2017. Qualitative data from the interviews were thematically analysed, and quantitative data based on a recovery star outcomes tool were analysed using descriptive statistics to demonstrate trends and progression. The findings were then triangulated to provide a rich picture of the impact of the mental health recovery programme.

Results

The recovery star data indicated that participants were working towards self-reliance. Qualitative data from the exit interview and semi-structured focus groups found similar results. The triangulated findings highlight that the mental health recovery programme enabled participant integration into the community through providing a space to grow and build self-confidence while re-engaging with society. The results suggest that using therapeutic horticulture as an intervention within the mental health recovery programme can support people with mental health problems to re-engage socially. Nature-based activities could be used within the ‘social prescribing’ movement to encourage partnership working between the NHS and voluntary sector organisations which can complement existing mental health services.

Conclusion

The use of therapeutic horticulture as an intervention within a mental health recovery programme can support people with mental health problems to re-engage with the community and is integral to the rehabilitation process. The mental health recovery programme should be promoted within the social prescribing movement as an evidence-based opportunity to support people in the community.
The comparative and objective measurement of health promotion capacity-building: from conceptual framework to operationalization
Authors: Saaristo Vesa , Hakamäki Pia , Koskinen Hanna , Wiss Kirsi , Ståhl Timo
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to analyse and test a theoretical generic health promotion capacity-building framework with empirical data on primary health care. The framework consists of seven dimensions: commitment, management, monitoring and needs assessment, resources, common practices, participation and other core functions. The data were collected in 2014 from all the health centres in Finland, of which 156 (99%) submitted their data. The data were scored by the quality of activities on a scale from 0 to 100, where 100 stands for desirable quality. Individual indicators were nested into subdimensions, which in turn were nested into the dimensions of the theoretical framework. Variables were clustered using the dimensions and subdimensions as initial partitions. The internal consistency of dimensions and subdimensions was tested with standardized Cronbach’s alpha both before and after the clustering analysis. The results showed that although the internal consistency of the dimensions was high in the initial classification, it is possible to get even more consistent dimensions. The internal consistency of the initial classification varied from 0.62 in participation to 0.93 in common practices. In the clustering analysis, 45 out of 203 indicators were assigned to a dimension different from the initial partition. The biggest gain in internal consistency was achieved in the subdimension of systematic mass communications by relocating two indicators. This study suggests that it is possible to assess the health promotion capacity-building of organizations in a coherent way with comparable and objective indicators. These analyses also show that the number of indicators can be reduced. It would be interesting to see how the framework works in other governmental structures or political contexts.
Low vision services: a practical guide for the clinician
Authors: Shah Parth , Schwartz Stephen G. , Gartner Scott , Scott Ingrid U. , Flynn Harry W.
Published: June 2018

Low vision has been defined by best-corrected visual acuity worse than 20/40 in the better eye, substantial visual field loss, or substantial loss of contrast sensitivity that cannot be corrected by refraction, medical treatment, or surgery. In the United States, low vision is most commonly caused by age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Most patients with low vision are elderly, although patients of all ages – including pediatric patients – may be affected. Low vision may decrease a patient’s quality of life substantially, leading to emotional distress and possibly depression. Low vision specialists aim to maximize the remaining vision of a patient by providing optical aids, orientation and mobility training, psychosocial support, and other methods of rehabilitation. Innovations in technology and devices offer additional options in low vision rehabilitation. Clinicians should consider referral to low vision specialists when a patient has difficulty with reading, mobility, driving, recognizing faces, or suffers from emotional distress due to low vision. Early referral may lead to improved outcomes.
Uncoupling ITIM receptor G6b-B from tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2 disrupts murine platelet homeostasis
Authors: Geer Mitchell J. , van Geffen Johanna P. , Gopalasingam Piraveen , Vögtle Timo , Smith Christopher W. , Heising Silke , Kuijpers Marijke J. E. , Tullemans Bibian M. E. , Jarvis Gavin E. , Eble Johannes A. , Jeeves Mark , Overduin Michael , Heemskerk Johan W. M. , Mazharian Alexandra , Senis Yotis A.
Published: June 2018

Publisher's Note: There is a Blood Commentary on this article in this issue.
Potential important roles and signaling mechanisms of YPEL4 in pulmonary diseases
Authors: Truong Lillian , Zheng Yun‐Min , Song Tengyao , Tang Yi , Wang Yong‐Xiao
Published: June 2018

Background

Human Yippee‐like‐4 (YPEL4) is a member of the YPEL gene family. This family has been characterized as the first highly conserved family of genes coding for proteins that contain putative zinc‐finger‐like metal‐binding domains, known as the Yippee domain. The YPEL family proteins are located at the centrosome adjacent to the nucleolus during interphase and mitotic apparatus during mitosis. Due to its subcellular localization, it is believed that YPEL4 may have an important role in the cell cycle and proliferation. Recent studies have shown the involvement of YPEL4 in biological processes such as the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway and adrenal cell proliferation. Research on YPEL4 up to date also suggests that YPEL4 is a very important player in pulmonary diseases.

Conclusions

YPEL4 may regulate the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway to mediate adrenal cell proliferation; this molecule is also likely to be a very important player in pulmonary diseases. Although the function of YPEL4 is largely unknown, further research may substantiate the functional importance and underlying molecular processes in pulmonary and other diseases that would allow YPEL4 to become a therapeutic target.
The impact of modifiable risk factor reduction on childhood asthma development
Authors: Abreo Andrew , Gebretsadik Tebeb , Stone Cosby A. , Hartert Tina V.
Published: June 2018

Childhood asthma is responsible for significant morbidity and health care expenditures in the United States. The incidence of asthma is greatest in early childhood, and the prevalence is projected to continue rising in the absence of prevention and intervention measures. The prevention of asthma will likely require a multifaceted intervention strategy; however, few randomized controlled trials have assessed such approaches. The purpose of this review was to use previous meta‐analyses to identify the most impactful risk factors for asthma development and evaluate the effect of risk factor reduction on future childhood asthma prevalence. Common and modifiable risk factors with large effects included acute viral respiratory infections, antibiotic use, birth by cesarean section, nutritional disorders (overweight, obesity), second hand smoke exposure, allergen sensitization, breastfeeding, and sufficient prenatal vitamin D level. Evaluation and estimates of risk factor modification on populations at risk should guide scientists and policymakers toward high impact areas that are apt for additional study and intervention.
A retrospective cohort study to compare post-injury admissions for infectious diseases in burn patients, non-burn trauma patients and uninjured people
Authors: Duke Janine M. , Randall Sean M. , Boyd James H. , Fear Mark W. , Rea Suzanne , Wood Fiona M.
Published: June 2018

Background

Injury triggers a range of systemic effects including inflammation and immune responses. This study aimed to compare infectious disease admissions after burn and other types of injury using linked hospital admissions data.

Methods

A retrospective longitudinal study using linked health data of all patients admitted with burns in Western Australia (n = 30,997), 1980–2012, and age and gender frequency matched cohorts of people with non-burn trauma (n = 28,647) and no injury admissions (n = 123,399). Analyses included direct standardisation, negative binomial regression and Cox proportional hazards regression.

Results

Annual age-standardised infectious disease admission rates were highest for the burn cohort, followed by the non-burn trauma and uninjured cohorts. Age-standardised admission rates by decade showed different patterns across major categories of infectious diseases, with the lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections the most common for those with burns and other open trauma. Compared with the uninjured, those with burns had twice the admission rate for infectious disease after discharge (incident rate ratio (IRR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.04, 1.98–2.11) while non-burn trauma experienced 1.74 times higher rates (95%CI: 1.68–1.81). The burn cohort experienced 10% higher rates of first-time admissions after discharge when compared with the non-burn trauma (hazard ratio (HR), 95%CI: 1.10, 1.05–1.15). Compared with the uninjured cohort, incident admissions were highest during the first 30 days after discharge for burns (HR, 95%CI: 5.18, 4.15–6.48) and non-burn trauma (HR, 95%CI: 5.06, 4.03–6.34). While incident rates remained high over the study period, the magnitude decreased with increasing time from discharge: burn vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.69, 1.53–1.87; 1 to 10 years: 1.40, 1.33–1.47; 10 years to end of study period: 1.16, 1.08–1.24; non-burn trauma vs uninjured: HR, 95%CI: 30 days to 1 year: 1.71, 1.55–1.90; 1 to 10 years: 1.30, 1.24–1.37; 10 years to end of study period: 1.09, 1.03–1.17).

Conclusions

Burns and non-burn trauma patients had higher admission rates for infectious diseases compared with age and gender matched uninjured people. The pattern of annual admission rates for major categories of infectious diseases varied across injury groups. Overall, the burn cohort experienced the highest rates for digestive, lower respiratory and skin and soft tissue infections. These results suggest long-term vulnerability to infectious disease after injury, possibly related to long-term immune dysfunction.