bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of universities in scaling up informal entrepreneurship
Authors: Madichie Nnamdi O , Agu Agu G
Published: May 2022

The interaction of higher education with other stakeholder groups (industry, communities and regulatory bodies) in scaling up the activities of informal enterprises has been largely ignored in certain sub-sectors. Considering the proximity and proclivity among students who engage in part-time work in the underexplored sectors of hairstylists (barbers and women’s hairdressers) and carwash businesses, this study interrogates why, despite their concentration around most Nigerian university communities, they remain disconnected and unable to scale up. Through consideration of the Triple Helix model and the entrepreneurial venture development process the study highlights avenues for universities to scale up such operations as part of their third mission. The authors provide theoretical and practical implications for community and enterprise development in emerging African economies, especially that of Nigeria.
A study of interferential tool position correcting algorithms in 3D impeller variable-axis rough plunge milling
Authors: Dong Lei , Wang Jie
Published: May 2022

Plunge milling has significantly improved the rough machining efficiency of 3D impeller channels. However, in conventional plunge milling cutter position planning, interferences occurring at the end of every cutter position due to the sudden increase of radial depth is inevitable. This can seriously compromise the service life of the machine tool and cutter, and also reduce the efficiency at the interferential phase. This study optimised the tool path cutter axis vector of conventional rough machining of 3D impeller variable-axis plunge milling, thus making the angle between the normal vector of workpiece surfaces at the cutter contact point, and the cutter-axis vector of the adjacent tool position, gradually increase from the outlet to inlet on a very small scale. Based on this, an iterative algorithm for the tool centre position and cutter safety height was obtained, thus making the hub allowance of the optimised tool path for plunge milling as small as possible without affecting subsequent machining by avoiding the interferential phenomenon. Finally, the proposed method was verified by relevant numerical examples.
Drag reduction of a commercial bus with add-on aerodynamic devices
Authors: Garcia-Ribeiro Daniel , Bravo-Mosquera Pedro D , Ayala-Zuluaga Jimmy A , Martinez-Castañeda Diego F , Valbuena-Aguilera Jeisson S , Cerón-Muñoz Hernán D , Vaca-Rios John J
Published: May 2022

In the automotive industry, the implementation of drag reduction systems has provided considerable decreases in fuel consumption. These outcomes are in line with the increasing demands of the environmental regulations and consumers’ requirements. Although some studies explain how aerodynamic devices reduce the aerodynamic drag on light and heavy vehicles such as Ahmed bodies and trucks, buses have received almost no attention. For this reason, the flow over the Marcopolo Paradiso 1200 G7 commercial bus and the influence of several aerodynamic devices on the drag force and fuel consumption of the bus are discussed in this article. Three distinct devices (vortex generators, lateral devices, and rails) were proposed after flow visualization tests on the baseline bus. Thus, the entire evaluation consisted of 11 arrangements by combining the three aerodynamic devices. The changes in drag due to all arrangements are estimated using wind tunnel tests, which are validated using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations. The fuel consumption is evaluated in a simplified long-haul driving cycle between two cities. The devices were able to alter the flow behavior on the bus, resulting in a maximum decrease of 8.63% in the drag coefficient and 3.92% in fuel consumption. Given that the devices used are just first prototypes, we estimate that greater reductions can be achieved with optimized systems. Likewise, this paper probably leads to real applications in other commercial buses due to the evident drag reductions.
Wake flow modification of vehicle external door mirror with slots
Authors: Zheng Yan , Zhang Dan , Rinoshika Hiroka , Yang Jun , Dong Lin , Rinoshika Akira
Published: May 2022

A passive flow control method is applied to a vehicle external door mirror by introducing flow from a slot drilling from the front surface to four slots around the rear surface. The wake flow fields behind the door mirror and slotted door mirror are experimentally investigated via particle image velocimetry measurements at a Reynolds number of 12,736. The time-averaged flow fields suggest that the reverse-flow region of the slotted door mirror is reduced and pushed downstream; correspondingly, the turbulent kinetic energy of the slotted door mirror is reduced, implying the suppression of unsteadiness and a reduction in the drag force acting on the door mirror. As a result of the jet flow, the wake flow of the slotted door mirror exhibits a weaker spatial correlation and a smaller length scale, indicating the suppression of large-scale vortex shedding and the enhancement of small-scale flow motion by the slots. The jet flows from the left and right slots of the slotted door mirror prevent the upper and lower shear layers from interacting with each other, which promotes symmetric vortex shedding in the near-wake region. The power spectral density and modal energy distributions suggest that the strength of the primary vortex shedding is reduced by the slotted door mirror. The spatial patterns of the first two proper orthogonal decomposition modes suggest that the jet flow distorts the dominant large-scale structure, reducing the strength of the flow oscillation behind the slotted door mirror. The spatial distributions of modes 3 and 4 suggest that the symmetric vortex shedding is enhanced by the jet flow from the slotted door mirror.
An objective Bayesian approach to estimation in multistage experiments
Authors: Bunouf Pierre
Published: May 2022

This article presents a Bayesian approach to estimation in multistage experiments based on the reference prior theory. The idea of deriving design-dependent priors was first introduced using Jeffreys’ criterion. A theoretical framework was then established by showing that explicit reference to the design is fully Bayesian justified and Bayesian objectivity cannot ignore such information. Extending the work to multi-parameter problems, a general form of priors was derived from the reference prior theory. In this article, I evidence the good frequentist properties of the reference posterior estimators with normally distributed data. As a notable advance, I address the issue of the point and the interval estimations upon experiment termination. The approach is applied to a data set collected in a clinical trial in schizophrenia with the possibility to stop the trial early if interim results provide sufficient evidence of efficacy or futility. Finally, I discuss the idea of using the reference posterior estimators as a default choice for objective estimation in multistage experiment.
Bereaved Family ‘Involvement’ in (Prisoner) Death Investigations: Whose ‘Satisfaction’?
Authors: Tomczak Philippa , Cook Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2022

A duty to investigate deaths in detention is enshrined within international legislation including Article 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). A core purpose of these investigations, following UK case law, is that bereaved families ‘have the satisfaction of knowing that lessons learned […] may save the lives of others.’ We highlight the striking absence of evidence illustrating the ‘satisfaction’ of bereaved families, utilising a case study of prisoner death investigations undertaken by the Prisons and Probation Ombudsman (PPO) and Coroners in England and Wales. Drawing on data from semi-structured interviews with 26 stakeholders, we explore what may produce familial ‘satisfaction’ and question who is satisfied by prisoner death investigations. Our analysis demonstrates that bereaved family ‘satisfaction’ was regularly spoken about by investigators and invoked to legitimise investigations despite limited evidence thereof. In conclusion, we highlight how the Ombudsman and Coroners should reconsider their practices to better satisfy families and manage expectations.
Preparation and characterization of silver self-metallization on polyimide
Authors: Kareem Aseel A
Published: May 2022

In this work, silver (Ag) self-metallization on a polyimide (PI) film was prepared through autocatalytic plating. PI films were prepared through the solution casting method, followed by etching with potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution, sensitization with tin chloride (SnCl2), and the use of palladium chloride (PdCl2) to activate the surface of PI. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) showed the highest peak in the (Ag) region and confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.2°, 44.5°, 64.6°, and 78.2° represented the 111, 200, 220, and 311 planes of Ag, respectively. The FT–IR analysis for Ag-metalized PI showed that the =C-O-C= stretching absorption bands at 1735 cm−1 had no changes in position, only a significant difference in peak size at the deposition time increase. The formation of new bands (N–H stretching absorption band and N–C stretching band) assigned at 2325 and 955 cm−1 indicated strong coordination between N atoms and silver nanoparticles. The C–C stretching and = C–H plane vibration band at 1488 and 1117 cm−1 are shifted to 1413 and 1112 cm−1, indicating the silver nanoparticles' interaction with the polymer backbone. The thermal stability of PI- and Ag-metalized PI films at various deposition times (5, 10, and 15 min) was examined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). For PI, T0, T5, T10, and Tmax were observed to be 388°C, 402°C, 414°C, and 515°C, respectively. When the deposition time increased, the thermal stability increased. As a function of the deposition, the thickness and surface morphology of the copper layer on the PI films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The Origins of Colloquial South African Tamil
Authors: Mesthrie Rajend
Published: May 2022

This paper is a demographic and dialectological study of spoken Tamil in South Africa. It is based on fieldwork conducted in KwaZulu-Natal (in Durban, Pietermaritzburg and Umkomaas) between 1990 and 1992. It provides information about Tamil speakers brought from the Madras Presidency to South Africa in the period 1860–1911. The paper aims to characterise the spoken variety that evolved on the plantations of Natal in terms of its dialectal ancestry. Is it a blend of features from the Tamil speaking areas in India, or are particular regions within Tamil Nadu more influential? The same question can be asked of social origins: are some caste varieties better represented than others in the South African offshoot? The paper proposes that South African Tamil is similar to the Northern dialect of Tamil. In terms of social dialectology the evidence is less clear, but a tentative claim is that the South African offshoot avoids the extremities of caste variants of India.
The Present in the Past: Indian Experience, 1860–1914
Authors: Bhana Surendra
Published: May 2022

Based on their findings in a recent book he and Goolam Vahed wrote, the author argues that many present-day South African issues need to be more thoroughly located in the historical context of the early experience of Indians between 1860 and 1914, giving particular attention to Afro-Indian relations and to religion and culture.
Gender and Adoption of Family Planning Methods a Study of Indian Couples
Authors: Mishra Shailendra Kumar , Bakshi Sanjeev
Published: May 2022

Family planning methods (FPM) are either male specific or female specific, except abstinence. In India, adoption of a FPM by a couple is subjected to gender bias, which is demonstrated in the findings of the previous studies. When a couple decides to adopt a permanent FPM, wife is more likely to adopt it. On the contrary, when a couple decides to practice non-permanent FPM husband is more likely to adopt it. Periodic abstinence is also practiced as a non-permanent method of family planning (FP). It is more egalitarian as it involves the cooperation from both the wife and the husband. The present study attempts to model the choices of male/female specific FPM by the Indian couples, using data from National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3). A conceptual framework comprising of various demographic, socio-cultural and economic factors is proposed to estimate the association between these factors and couple's choice of FPM. The participants of this study are comprised of married women who have been practicing family planning at the time of interview. The violence against wife and wife's exposure to media show the significant association with couple's choice of FPM. Education is found not only to provide wife more leverage to convince the husband for sterilisation but also increases the likelihood of using female specific FPM in case of non-permanent FPM.
Festival and Emerging Social Reality Perspectives on the Idu Mishimis of Arunachal Pradesh
Authors: Mene Tarun , Chaudhuri Sarit K.
Published: May 2022

Religion, rituals and festivals play a pivotal role in any culture. Festivals are social expressions of collective religious belief in any society or community. Most of the societies, whether primitive or folk or modern, have their own festivals and these are celebrated in one form or the other. This paper is an attempt to understand and analyse the structural, organizational and functional aspects of Reh festival of Idu Mishimis of Arunachal Pradesh, India.
Political Administration of Nicobari Tribals in Post-Tsunami Scenario
Authors: Biswas S. K.
Published: May 2022

The Nicobarese inhabit the Nicobar archipelago in the Andaman & Nicobar Islands, situated in the Bay of Bengal. They are racially Mongoloid. This paper describes the political organisation of this tribe in various dimensions – traditional, under foreign rule and after independence – as well as at various levels such as local, state and nation. This paper also takes into account the changes after Tsunami in December 2004, which almost wiped out the Nicobar archipelago.
Marriage among Primitive Societies with Special Reference to Baiga of Central India
Authors: Gautam Rajesh K. , Jyoti R. , Chaudhary Preetam
Published: May 2022

India is the land of unity in diversity. There are many primitive societies in different stages of development and cultural evolution. In the present paper different forms and types of marriages prevalent among primitive Indian societies is discussed with special reference to Baiga. The study is based on information and data collected from 415 Baiga households of 10 villages, through semi-structured interview schedule. Simultaneously other anthropological techniques of data collection viz. observation, case-study and focused group discussion were also used to substantiate the quantitative information collected. The information regarding other primitive societies was collected during visit of different areas, from relevant literatures and through formal and informal discussions. It was found that among Indian tribes varied forms of marriage are in practice. For example, Khasi, Garo and Jaintia of North-East are known for matrilineality; Kinnaura, Lahulas and Raji are known for polyandry. Among Baiga it was found that 95.4 percent marriages are monogamous and rest 4.6 percent are polygamous. It can be concluded that the Indian Tribal world is still unique and passing through different stages of cultural evolution.
Buddhism and Modernity a Case Study of International Pilgrims and Tourists at Bodh Gaya
Authors: Srivastava Mitashree
Published: May 2022

Bodh Gaya is the most important sacred centre of Buddhism. In recent times it has witnessed a revival as more Buddhists and tourists from abroad are visiting this place. The Buddhism is one of the world religions and Bodh gaya has been declared the world heritage site. This paper describes the ways in which international visitors, both pilgrims and tourists across cultures contribute to the promotion of Buddhism on the global scene. It also describes the life styles, daily doings, philosophical orientations, belief patterns and motives of the participants including tourists.
Factors Affecting the Use of Andragogical Principles in Adult Education Programmes
Authors: Bakare T. V.
Published: May 2022

The argument that adults deserve to be treated differently in the teaching/learning milieu has been brought to the forefront by many researchers and adult educators spearheaded by Malcolm Knowles’ notion of andragogy. Knowles asserted that adults require certain conditions to learn. Generally, literature has also supported the idea that teaching adults should be approached differently from that of adolescents. This is backed by ‘ainformed professional opinion; philosophical assumptions associated with the humanistic psychology and progressive education; and a growing body of research and theory on adult learning, development, and socialization’.

There are several adult education programmes going on in the Lagos State of Nigeria. The study examined the level of awareness and use of andragogical principles in the programmes. 361 participants from different adult education programs, along with 132 facilitators (total of 493 respondents) were used for the study. Interviews, Sit-in-Observations were used in conjunction with the Questionnaire to gather data and statistical analysis with the chi-squared tool revealed that facilitators were mostly aware of, but do not make use of andragogical principles in helping adults to learn. Factors responsible for these include the lack of appropriate adult education training, too much reliance on the belief that the training as child educators should suffice to help adults learn and the belief that the culture and background (adults should be respected etc) influence the interpersonal relationship between adult learners and the facilitators. Suggestions made include that appropriate training for adult educators be encouraged, as well as more focus the use of technology, to facilitate adult learning among others.
Social Change among the Korchas of Chitradurga District of Karnataka State
Authors: Tarachand K. C. , Nagaraju K.S.
Published: May 2022

This paper is an attempt to know the change that has taken place among the Korcha of Chitradurga district over a period of time. An intensive fieldwork was conducted among the Korcha who have separate habitats of their own in different localities of Chitradurga Town for a period of four months giving sufficient attention to several parameters like age, sex and experience. The information was collected through participant observation, interview method and to some extent the case study method also. The data collected was thoroughly cross checked to know the depth and dimensions of Korcha community holistically.
Ethnic Relation in Manipur An Inclusive Character
Authors: Hanjabam Shukhdeba Sharma
Published: May 2022

The diversity in Manipur has been in existence for centuries. The contribution by various ethnic groups for the integrity and sovereignty of Manipur has been commendable. But during the last fifty years, the ethnic groups, who sacrificed for the sovereignty of Manipur, have been in continued conflicts and tension, because of various socio-political factors. In spite of the various civil society initiatives, the ethnic relations seem to be very grim. Considering the above situation, the article traces the ethnic relations, particularly its inclusiveness among the people of Manipur.
The Maiba and the Maibee of Manipur
Authors: Singh H.V.
Published: May 2022

From time immemorial, the Meiteis of Manipur have been observing magico-retigious practices to control, cure and induce diseases and infirmities through the shamans, locally known as the Maiba and the Maibee. Through their different ritualistic procedures and practices, they interpret, diagnose and treat different cases of ailments. Exorcism, herbal treatment, puk-shubs, prayer and pujah to Idhou/pari, Lainingthou Sanamahi and the Umanglais are the beliefs and practices still in vogue, though modern medical system of treatment is also widely practiced.
Agrarian Structure and Commercialization of Agriculture in Colonial Manipur: 1891–1947
Authors: Nameirakpam Pureshwor
Published: May 2022

Global colonialism normally refers to a periods of history from 15 th to the late 19th centuries, when the European nations began to establish colonies on other continents. Manipur became one of the British colonies after 23 rd April 1891 in South East Asia. Significant changes took place as a result of colonization, including the occurrence of Nupi Lan (Women's Agitation). An attempt has been made in this paper to discuss the agrarian structure and institutions in the pre-colonial period, and how these institutions underwent changes, whether through evolution or outright abolition of agrarian structure and institutions during the British colonialism, as also, how these changes impacted upon the economy and its productive base, especially agriculture.
Patterns of the Subsistence-Adaptation a Case Study in a Nepali village in Manipur
Authors: Shiwakoti Hari Krishna , ManiBabu Mayanglambam
Published: May 2022

Man's unique ability to exist in a variety of ecosystems, as well as to adapt himself to varying external condition, is clearly demarcated by a migrant population, who settled down in a new area away from the ancestral, home environment. The paper aims at delineating certain aspects of subsistence-adaptation pattern of the Nepalis settled at the Kanglatongbi village, Manipur, who have their ancestral origin in Nepal, and who are the migrants in the state of Manipur. Since, the Nepalis of Kanglatongbi find themselves in a new environment, they have to adapt to the changed circumstances. They reflect myriad changes with many aspects of lives, including the economical and occupational patterns. The Nepali community representing a population in the state of Manipur seems to have gone through a good number of changes in terms of their socio-economy and technology over a few decades. This paper is an attempt to examine the yet unexplored character of Nepali's subsistence adjustment in the rural valley of Manipur through the domain of cultural ecological framework.
A Comparative Study on the Body Composition of HIV/AIDS and Pulmonary Tuberculosis Co-infected and Only Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients of Manipur
Authors: Singh S. Jibonkumar , Devi H. Prabhabati
Published: May 2022

The present study deals with the comparative analysis of body composition of 200 (100 each) randomly selected Meitei male patients with confirmed HIV/AIDS and Pulmonary Tuberculosis co-infected, and only Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients, aged 20–40 years, collected from the JN Hospital Porompat, RIAC Centre of Khergao, Irilbung, Keirao, Kumbi, Lei-ingkhol TB hospital, DOTS centre of Nongmeibung, Bamon, Leikei, and Yaiskul. The findings of the present study show highly significant difference in all the seven anthropometric variables as evident from “t” value. Many such studies have furnished the clinical profile of Tuberculosis in HIV positive persons in USA and Africa; however, there is a paucity of such data from India. Hence, it is important to study their profile, as it would help in making an early diagnosis and treatment.
Gender Perception of Crime and its Reduction amongst White South Africans in the Province of KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Balgobind-Singh Shanta , Khan Sultan
Published: May 2022

Perceptions of crime is constructed on the basis of an individuals’ personal estimation of the nature and incidence of crime in their environment; the perceived risk of becoming a victim of crime and on the basis of perceptions of significant others around them. The likelihood of a person becoming a victim of crime is strongly influenced by, among other things, gender, age, income, place of residence and race. Although the latest crime statistics in South Africa reveal that levels for certain categories of crime have decreased, rising levels of insecurity have become a key concern in society, posing a threat not only to social order and the economic well-being of the country, but also to the quality of life for people. Public perceptions about the risk of criminal victimization and the fear of crime are influential in shaping policy and the priorities of state expenditure on law and order initiatives. If public concern about crime is driven by an exaggerated assessment of the risks of victimization then strategies need to be put in place to address the situation. This paper explores attitudes and public perceptions of crime which were obtained from interview surveys conducted with the White populace in three different localities within the Province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, viz., Central Durban, the Natal Midlands (Dundee), and the North Coast (Empangeni). All three localities translate into urban, peri-urban and deep rural forms.
Earth's Warming Trend a Threat to Mankind: A Case Study based upon Variation in Monthly Temperature in Manipur
Authors: Sharma G. Jadumani , Singh N. Deva , Shah M. Bahar Ud Din
Published: May 2022

This paper seeks to evaluate and examine the validity of global warming at local or regional level. The phenomenon of global warming is of great importance and a very challenging one at present time. Thus, the need arises to study it at micro and meso-levels; as such a study will help in making plans to protect human and other living things from various impacts of climate change. After studying the variations in monthly temperatures in the State of Manipur of the Republic of India, and analyzing the warming trends, it has been found that the rise of mean temperature is mainly due to an increase in the minimum temperature in the state.
Globalization, Urbanization and Migration : Anthropological Dimensions of Trends and Impacts
Authors: Sahay Vijoy S
Published: May 2022

Whereas globalization and urbanization are historical and gradual social processes, migration, and that of human in particular, is an event that takes place at a certain time and space. The above three terms have though different connotations and discrete sociological and historical interpretations, but their implications in social science in general and anthropology in particular, have made them complementary to each other. Today, world over, large-scale urbanization and human migration are but the result of rapid globalization. Hundreds of references of books and articles could be found in the internet and elsewhere, relating to different facets of globalization, such as, economic globalization, political globalization, neo-liberal globalization, cultural globalization, architectural globalization, ideological globalization, technological globalization, social globalization, and so on and so forth; but one seldom comes across a precise reference that succinctly explains “why globalization “ ? Or, “globalization is the result of what”? Globalization, Urbanization, and Migration are not new phenomena; rather, the process of the trio began ever since man appeared on earth. The bridge between them has been ‘technology.’ It is the ever developing technological advancement by mankind that has linked them together, and will continue to do so for ever. The anthropological dimensions of the trends and impacts of the above could be understood only by examining how the technological advancement by man vis-à-vis economic development has been instrumental in bringing about urbanization, large scale human migration, and eventually, what we call today, globalization.
Tribe, Forest and Law the Development Debate
Authors: Singh Bir Pal
Published: May 2022

Forests have been the major source of livelihood for human beings since time immemorial. So far the tribal people of India are concerned; they have developed a symbiotic relationship with the forest due to their close proximity with the forest as the natural habitation. The tribal communities live in about 15 percent of the country's areas in various ecological and geo-climatic conditions, ranging from plants, forests, hills and inaccessible areas. The collection and marketing of Minor Forest Produce have been a major source of livelihood for the most tribal families contributing around 70 percent of their total income. Forest can be better protected by the people living in the forest and depending for their survival on its natural wealth. However, once the deprivation of right to live in the forest started way back in 1865, when the first Imperial Forest Act was enacted and Imperial Forest Department was established, and that has continued even after the six decades of independence, it resulted into conflict and tension between the forest officials and forest dwellers, especially the tribal people. The paper seeks a critical note on the history of forest laws and policies in India and their impact on tribal people with the following objectives:

1. o trace the historical importance afforests on the life and living of the tribal people

2. To highlight the impact of policies/approaches adopted by the planners of the country for the development of tribal people

3. To trace the legislative journey of forest laws and their impact on tribal people

4. To find out the future implication of new forest law in protecting the rights of the tribal people
Pre-Adoleseent Growth Studies among the Ahirs of Haryana
Authors: Rao Jadhav S. Jaya Sankar , Alahari Papa Rao
Published: May 2022

A cross-sectional growth study was undertaken among the Ahir boys and girts of Mahendragarh district of Haryana. The study urns conducted among the school going children ranging the age from six to ten years. Anthropometric measurements were taken on 420 children (209 boys and 211 girls). A steady growth was observed for all the measurements in both the sexes with the advancement of age while, skinfold measurement did not showed a definite trend. It was observed thai the growth among boys is higher than to girls except for the sixth age group. Nutritional status of the children was observed through weight for age, height for age and mid upper arm classifications. It was observed that for weight for age classification, around 31.66 percent and 37.38 percent of children fall under grade-I and grade-II malnutrition respectively. Height for age classification showed that 60.71 percent are under mild retardation and for mid upper arm circumference classification 48.33 percent and 29.28 percent were normal and mild malnourished respectively. Based on the above indices it is inferred that, the nutritional status of the Ahir children were below normal and are mildly malnourished.
Incidences of ABO Incompatibility on the Reproductive Performance of SABARA Tribe, Dashpur, Odisha
Authors: Gouda Sunil Kumar , Sahoo Laxman Kumar
Published: May 2022

This paper reports ABO and Rh (D) incompatibilities among 219 individuals of Sahara tribe of Daspur Village of Khurda District in Odisha. 87 individuals of this sample belong to parental generation while the rest 132 belong to filial generation. Only 26 of the 45 couples are found to be incompatible for the ABO system. Neither the couples nor their offspring is found to be Rh (D)-ve. Prenatal deaths due to ABO incompatibility are higher among the compatible couples (0.36 % per couple) than in the incompatibles (0.11 % per couple). In terms of post-natal deaths, the trend is reversed, higher frequency in incompatible couples (0.88% per couple) than compatibles (0.57% per couple). Similarly, higher frequencies of living children are observed among the incompatible couples (3.03% per couple) than the compatibles (2.78%). Segregation distortion of blood group alleles due to foetal-maternal incompatibility could not be established in the male and female children. The O, A, B, and AB blood group percentages are 14.94 percent, 24.13 percent, 45.98 percent and 14.94 percent respectively in parental generation. Their allelic frequencies are 0.24, 0.40, and 0.38 in parental generation and 0.19, 0.35, and 0.46 in filial generation.
An Anthropologist Looks at History: An Enquiry into the Anomalies of Ancient Indian History and Culture
Authors: Sahay Vijoy S
Published: May 2022

There are altogether nine ancient civilizations in the world, viz. the Babylonian or Mesopotamian, the Indian and the Chinese (in Asia), the Egyptian (in Africa), the Greek, the Roman, and the Cretan (in Europe), the Mayan (in Mexico, North America), and the Inca (In Peru, South America). Of all the above, it's only the Indian and the Chinese civilizations are such that the elements of their ancient cultures and traditions could be found still perpetuating among the contemporary populations. And among the rest; it could to be found in their ruins only. The dimensions of ancient Indian civilization have been interpreted mostly by the historians; and primarily by the British ones. Such interpretations are found necessarily loaded with all sorts of biases. In the present paper, the author has attempted to point out some of the anomalies of ancient Indian history and culture generated by the biased interpretation of some eminent historians and Indologists. Such interpretations have done great injustice with the pre-eminence of Indian civilization on the one hand; and on the other, they have also given rise to the divisive forces in the society that still plagues the country.
Proverbs, Caste and Gender : Studying the Interface between Proverbs and Human Relations
Authors: John S. Simon
Published: May 2022

Proverb, the shortest form of cultural expression and wisdom tradition, plays a significant role in most of the traditional societies. Exploring proverbs in a particular socio- cultural context is the gateway to understand the perceptions of people in a given society. This paper in an attempt to analyze certain proverbs that are collected through fieldwork in Tirunelveli region of Tamil Nadu and tries to find out how proverbs reflects the human relationship: between castes, and between men and women in a given society.
When Illness is more than just a Sick Body: Probing how isiZulu- Speaking Nurses’ Construct Illnesses and Healing
Authors: Naidu Maheshvari , Darong Gabriel
Published: May 2022

Particular communities and groups of people develop particular prevailing points of view, including how health and illness is understood. Our prevailing points of view, ‘worldviews’ or positioning, are a result of the ‘dialogue’ between us and our wider society (see Creswell 2009:8) and is a process of “active construction” (Fox 2001: 23). As such, we approach reality from our particular point of view which has been constructed and developed over time (see Rosaldo 2003:583). Different societies have in turn, their specific practices and beliefs, as well as their approach to health and illness (see Naidu 2013: 257; Naidu 2014: 147; Vaughn, Jacquez, and Baker 2009: 65). As Whyte, van der Geest and Hordon (2002: 118) assert, many factors “influence people's response to ill-health, including entrenched beliefs”. As such, the understanding and approach to illnesses vary from one society to another, one setting to another, and one belief system to another. This paper looked at what isiZulu-speaking nurses understand by illness and healing. It explored what sickness means to the Ama Zulu African nurses. In exploring this understanding of nurses, the paper explored the wider cultural belief system of the isiZulu-speaking nurses within which their understandings are deeply embedded.
Jangle Katai (Clearing of Forest) Movement of Kolhan-1978–82 : A Discourse on Political and Ecological Perspective
Authors: Sahay Ravi Shankar
Published: May 2022

By Jungle Katai movement is meant in this paper, cutting/felling of trees from the forest by the tribal communities in the Kolhan and the Porahat areas of Jharkhand, for reclaiming land for cultivation; because Forest Acts and development programmes have not only expelled them from their villages, situated inside the deep forests, but also restricted their entry into the forest, which was their ‘oikos’, their house, which provided them livelihood, food and medicines in the form of forest products, and it also included spiritual belief in the sacred grove Jahara, and eternal relation with their ancestors in sasandiri. The genesis of the present forest struggle goes back to the colonial period, when forest Acts and rules were made on colonial considerations. They have continued into the post independent period also. The conflict for forest in Kolhan began to restore their old rights in the forest by indulging in intensive tree-felling activities, and when the government adopted repressive methods, they ventilated their grievance by a passive resistance, as several groups of tribal men and women set fire to substantial piles of Sal (shorea robusta) wood. They behaved in this manner to stop the government from getting any benefit from the timber, which belonged to them. In fact the tribal people felt alienated from the forest and forest resources, on which they depended for their physical and spiritual sustenance. They felt the forest as alien territories and therefore responded accordingly.
Understanding Marriage System among Sakacheps of the Saitsama Village
Authors: Amung Radhe
Published: May 2022

Marriage is universal in all human societies. However, the universality of marriage does not mean that marriage system is same in all societies; much variation has been found across the cultures depending on belief system of any particular society. Marriage system symbolizes the basic social values, norms and world view of the whole community, because of which, the study on marriage has occupied the centre stage of anthropological research for a long time. It has provided not only the major field of enquiry, but also the central concept to generations of anthropologist for writing and analyzing the behavioural and organizational dimensions of human society. The present study has been an another attempt to understand the human society through the marriage system of the Sakachep of Saitsama village in Meghalaya. The whole study revolves around the marriage system of the “Sakacheps”, trying to understand their traditional marriage pattern as well as the changes. It has been observed that changes are mostly occurring due to Christianity and matrilineal “Pnars”, who are living amongst patrilineal “Sakacheps” in Saitama village.
The Pattern of Landholdings and Emerging Agrarian Relations: A Study in North Chotanagpur Region of India
Authors: Behera Hari Charan
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the author's attempt is to discuss about emerging landholding pattern, caste wise distribution of landholdings, caste-class relations based on the nature of landholdings, and other social issues concerning agrarian society in north Chotanagpur region of Jharkhand, India through a micro-level study. The focus in the paper is also about agrarian relations in the region through a caste based analysis.
Cross Border Migration as the Flip Side of Patriarchy, Poverty and Development in India and Nepal
Authors: Sinha Bobby Luthra
Published: May 2022

When Nepal's poverty and patriarchy extended their political chemistry to the ideas and the ideal of development and progress, it could not have been foreseen that social, economic political profile of migrants would entail, not only issues regarding the movement of workers between the two countries, income and remittances but also involvement in petty crimes, child labour and unregistered employment. India has been a traditional hot spot for Nepalese migrants since the past century. Detailed studies of the migration pattern between India and Nepal reveal that a new peculiar category of migrants has of late come into being in big cities adding outside of traditional migration destinations such as Bihar and West Bengal. Through this paper I aim to examine the changing dynamics of migration between India and Nepal by working among three kinds of migrants in Delhi, namely, cooks and/or waiters in restaurants or roadside eating joints, night-watchmen, domestic helps and tailors. On the basis my findings, I refer to them as ‘itinerant migrants’ in order to situate their particular migration model. These migrants ‘on the go’ not only traverse freely through the symbolic realms of friendship between the two countries, but reside with a dual existential focus upon their lives. These actors have achieved a monetary and emotional satisfaction for themselves even at the cost of working informally without rights. My work takes the stand that although the itinerant migrants remain silently entrenched in the anonymous underbelly of development and international relations, yet they are not entirely invisible. Those who deal with them, employ them, trust or remain distant with them are fully aware of their existence and status. Traversing the space created by a partnership between the loopholes of bilateral relations on the one hand and changing migration patterns on the other, these iterant travelers throw open grey zones of existence worth debating. Out of these, day to day exploitation, drugs and unregistered existences amidst a fraternal ethos of solidarity are some of the issues that this paper identifies and proposes for further research.
Migration Experiences of the “Trailing Wives” of Professional and Highly Skilled NRI's in Durban, KwaZulu Natal
Authors: Jagganath Gerelene
Published: May 2022

This paper is based on research among a group of 20 Indian national women, the so-called ‘trailing wives’ of professional and highly skilled NRI's (non-resident Indians) residing in Durban, KwaZulu Natal. Borrowing from Radhakrishnan's (2008) notion of ‘global Indianness’ and the role of diasporic women in embodying the cultural ideals of Indian family life, the study is grounded in a transnational and social networks approach (Wellman, 1984; Lauringand Selmar, 2010). Traditional literature on expatriate workers is preoccupied with the migrant's work experience and more specifically, tends to construct highly skilled migrants as individual economic actors, neglecting the family that accompanies them. However, more recent studies acknowledge the impact a ‘trailing spouse’ may contribute to the transnational experience (Louring & Selmer, 2010; Gupta, Banerjee, & Gaur, 2012). Expatriate employees and their spouses can face multiple challenges in the relocation process, including a lack of support from employers, leaving family and friends behind, adapting to a host society, and the difficulty of raising children where traditional support structures do not exist. By casting an anthropological lens on the diverse forms and functions of social ties and networks the families of highly skilled migrants create, the embodied reality of migration is foregrounded.
Sport, gender, and national interest during the Olympics: A comparative analysis of media representations in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Antunovic Dunja , Bartoluci Sunčica
Published: May 2022

Researchers have documented patterns in sports media coverage across a variety of geographical and media contexts extensively, but relatively few studies focus on the Central and Eastern European region. This study examines the agenda diversity of European public service media in Hungary, Croatia, and Slovenia on their sport-related Facebook accounts during the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. A content analysis identified featured sports, gender balance, and the role of national interest in the events and athletes represented. Sports agenda diversity was driven by the hegemony of men's football and national success at the Olympics. Gender imbalance in media coverage persists in the region even on public service broadcasters’ social media accounts. Women received coverage only when representing the home nation at an Olympic event. The hegemony of men's football is a transnational phenomenon, while Olympic coverage emphasizes sports that share historical associations with national identity. Sports agenda diversity in the three countries is heterogeneous and regionally distinct. In practice, broadcasters might temporarily minimize gender imbalance in Olympic coverage, but in ways that routinizes the national focus. Theoretical developments in agenda setting in coverage of international events should account both for transnational patterns in public service media in the region and local particularities.
Parallel Parent–Child Mindfulness Intervention Among Chinese Migrant Families: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study
Authors: Lu Shuang , Lyu Renhui , Hu Hui , Ho Kristy K. M. , Barry Tom J. , Black David , Wong Daniel F. K.
Published: May 2022

Purpose

This study examines the feasibility and effects of a parallel parent–child mindfulness intervention on parenting stress, child behavior, and parent–child relationship among low-income migrant families.

Methods

Using a quasi-experimental design, 21 Chinese migrant parents and one child of each parent were assigned to an 8-week intervention ( n = 11 pairs) or waitlist control ( n = 10 pairs). Semi-structured qualitative interviews and pre–post quantitative measures were used to assess intervention feasibility and effects.

Results

Qualitative interviews suggest mindfulness training promotes family well-being through enhanced parental and child emotional regulation. Quantitative results suggest within-group parenting stress significantly decreased in the intervention group (partial η 2 = .423) but not in controls (partial η 2 = .000); between-group analyses showed a nonsignificant, medium effect size on parenting stress (partial η 2 = .069).

Conclusions

The intervention shows good feasibility and initial support for reducing parenting stress. Future research requires a larger randomized controlled trial among high-stress populations such as migrant families.
Beyond a Positivistic Approach to Teacher Evaluation
Authors: Prybylo David
Published: May 2022

Public school administrators have come under increasing pressure to be accountable for student outcomes. Some of the focus of this accountability has been on the assessment of teachers, and many districts have adopted instruments based on effective teaching research. These instruments, derived from the process-product literature of the 1970s, attempt to evaluate teaching based on observation of specific teaching behaviors. Performance-based teacher assessment is an ineffective and inappropriate means of evaluation because it does not truly assess teaching. Alternative methods of teacher assessment are needed to support professional development and encourage collegiality between teachers and administrators.
Role Conflict and Role Ambiguity: The Challenges of Team Leadership at a Middle School1
Authors: Chrispeels Janet H. , Martin Kathleen J. , Harari Itamar , Strait Cheryl C. , Rodarte Marisol A.
Published: May 2022

The establishment of teacher leadership teams creates new roles and relationships for teachers and principals within schools and between the school and district. Drawing on video, interview, survey and observational data, we analyze four major School Leadership Team (SLT) actions (role episodes) to explore how the team worked to define its role. Using event mapping, open systems and role theory, we highlight the complex interactions that emerged as teachers and principal implemented bottom up reforms that challenge traditional patterns of interaction. We examine how relationships among the superintendent, principal and SLT contributed to role conflict and role ambiguity. Several implications are presented. First, systems thinking is critical when implementing a major innovation such as site-based management. Schools are complex systems that need to encompass environmental, organizational and intergroup factors, and teachers cannot be empowered without concomitant changes in the district. Relationships with the district are a key factor in a team's ability to assume new responsibilities, implement change, and successfully accomplish goals. Second, enacting a policy to empower teachers and include them in decision making does not predetermine how teachers will interpret and take up the new roles. Finally, roles, responsibilities and relationships need to be specific and coupled with opportunities for on-going negotiation and refinement to overcome inconsistencies between beliefs and practices in ways that can impact student learning.