bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal imaging and whole-exome sequencing identify novel tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A mutation in foetus with gastrointestinal atresia: a case report
Authors: Barkat Kawthar
Published: June 2022

Background

Tetratricopeptide repeat domain 7A (TTC7A, chromosome 2p21) is a highly conserved structural motif essential for multiprotein scaffolding and cell survival. Fewer than 60 cases of TTC7A deficiency have been reported globally. It produces multisystemic disease phenotypes which are lethal in two-thirds of patients, with a median survival age of 12 months. It is predominantly detected postnatally, often rendering medical and surgical interventions futile.

Case presentation

We report the antenatal sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of a novel phenotype of TTC7A-deficiency presenting with gastrointestinal atresia. This has never been previously documented. The diagnosis was confirmed via whole-exome next-generation sequencing, thus facilitating prompt initiation of management and prolonging viability.

Conclusions

Novel insight into the prenatal morphological characteristics of TTC7A-deficiency phenotypes expands knowledge of this rare condition. Furthermore, antenatal recognition facilitates targeted investigation, genetic counselling, and earlier multidisciplinary intervention to prolong viability of this predominantly lethal condition.
Improving Adjuvant Liver-Directed Treatment Recommendations for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Artificial Intelligence–Based Decision-Making Tool
Authors: Mo Allen , Velten Christian , Jiang Julie M. , Tang Justin , Ohri Nitin , Kalnicki Shalom , Mirhaji Parsa , Nemoto Kei , Aasman Boudewijn , Garg Madhur , Guha Chandan , Brodin N. Patrik , Kabarriti Rafi
Published: June 2022

PURPOSE

Liver-directed therapy after transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) can lead to improvement in survival for selected patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, there is uncertainty in the appropriate application and modality of therapy in current clinical practice guidelines. The aim of this study was to develop a proof-of-concept, machine learning (ML) model for treatment recommendation in patients previously treated with TACE and select patients who might benefit from additional treatment with combination stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) or radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

METHODS

This retrospective observational study was based on data from an urban, academic hospital system selecting for patients diagnosed with stage I-III HCC from January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2018, treated with TACE, followed by adjuvant RFA, SBRT, or no additional liver-directed modality. A feedforward, ML ensemble model provided a treatment recommendation on the basis of pairwise assessments evaluating each potential treatment option and estimated benefit in survival.

RESULTS

Two hundred thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 54 (23%) and 49 (21%) received combination of TACE and SBRT or TACE and RFA, respectively. The ML model suggested a different consolidative modality in 32.7% of cases among patients who had previously received combination treatment. Patients treated in concordance with model recommendations had significant improvement in progression-free survival (hazard ratio 0.5; P = .007). The most important features for model prediction were cause of cirrhosis, stage of disease, and albumin-bilirubin grade (a measure of liver function).

CONCLUSION

In this proof-of-concept study, an ensemble ML model was able to provide treatment recommendations for HCC who had undergone prior TACE. Additional treatment in line with model recommendations was associated with significant improvement in progression-free survival, suggesting a potential benefit for ML-guided medical decision making.
Health Disparities in Prostate Cancer and Approaches to Advance Equitable Care
Authors: Washington Cyrus , Goldstein Daniel A. , Moore Assaf , Gardner Ulysses , Deville Curtiland
Published: June 2022

The American Cancer Society estimates approximately 268,490 new cases of prostate cancer and approximately 34,500 deaths caused by prostate cancer in the United States for 2022. Globally, a total of 1,414,259 new cases of prostate cancer and 375,304 related deaths were reported in 2020. Well-documented health disparities and inequities exist along the continuum of care for prostate cancer management—from screening to diagnostic and staging work-up, surveillance, and treatment—ultimately impacting clinical outcomes. This session-based article discusses innovative patient-centered approaches to advance equitable prostate cancer care. It begins with a review of domestic health disparities in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy for prostate cancer, and it summarizes barriers and solutions to achieving health equity, such as equity metrics and practice quality improvement projects. Next, a global perspective is provided that describes approaches to address financial and geographic barriers to prostate cancer care, including specific examples of strategies that emphasize the use of the cheapest method of care delivery while maintaining outcomes for drug delivery and radiotherapy.
Urban Climate Insurgency
Authors: Dawson Ashley , Armiero Marco , Turhan Ethemcan , Biasillo Roberta
Published: June 2022

Urban climate insurgency refers to the ensemble of grassroots initiatives aiming to tackle climate change from a radical point of view. Insurgency in this case does not imply violence but rather refers to the radical rejection of the current socioecological system. While explicitly challenging planetary ecocide and climate-change effects, these forms of insurgency target all policies that make the urban condition yet more precarious, demonstrating that climate mobilization is inherently intersectional. The focus here is on the urban dimension of this global climate insurgency that unsettles the dichotomy between rural and urban. It is on the urban terrain, already fissured by racial capitalism but also traversed by antiracist and promigrant movements, that the climate emergency becomes a climate and social justice issue. This introductory essay offers a fresh approach to the new municipalist project and digs into its environmental agenda. From New York to Mälmo, from Rio de Janiero to Istanbul, passing through Jakarta, Bangalore, and Naples, this special issue explores the articulation of radical climate-change politics, the materialization of climate injustices, and grassroots reactions to these injustices in the urban sphere.
From Waste to Climate
Authors: Armiero Marco
Published: June 2022

It has often been said that the problem with climate change is its invisibility. People do not mobilize about climate change because they cannot see it; even less can they see CO2 emissions—that is, the most relevant material element causing climate alternations. Although I would argue that for some people climate change is more visible than for others, it remains a global environmental problem not easily felt on the ground. On the other hand, waste appears to be an incumbent presence, almost impossible to avoid; it also seems more localized than global climate change. People mobilize around waste because it stands in front of their eyes and noses. This is how the story has been told so many times. This article instead tells another story, one in which climate activism is rooted in struggles against waste contamination. In Naples, Italy, twenty years of mobilization against toxicity—which, by the way, is much less visible and much more harmful than the urban garbage in the streets—has generated an epistemic community trained to understand the invisible connections linking local problems, global issues, and socioenvironmental inequalities. Their original elaboration of biocide as the theoretical framework explaining the production of toxic communities provided them with an equally original framework to understand climate change and its unequal impacts on people and ecosystems. In moving between waste and climate, local and global, those epistemic communities have not only changed the ways in which climate activism has been conceived but have also changed themselves.
Recurrent postpartum hemorrhage at subsequent pregnancy in patients with prior uterine artery embolization: angiographic findings and outcomes of repeat embolization
Authors: Lee Chong-ho , Yoon Chang Jin , Lee Jae Hwan , Choi Won Seok , Lee Guy Mok , Oh Kyung Joon
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To evaluate angiographic findings and outcomes of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for recurrent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in a subsequent pregnancy in patients with a history of prior UAE.

Methods:

Between March 2004 and February 2021, UAE was performed for PPH with gelatin sponge slurry in 753 patients. Among these, 13 underwent repeat UAE for recurrent PPH after subsequent delivery. The causes of PPH, angiographic findings, hemostasis, and adverse events were evaluated.

Results:

The causes of recurrent PPH included retained placental tissue (n = 9) and uterine atony (n = 4). On angiography, unilateral or bilateral uterine arteries were obliterated due to prior UAE in 10 patients (76.9%). The uterine collateral vessels were embolized (anterior division of the internal iliac artery [n = 10], round ligament [n = 5], and ovarian [n = 4] artery). In the remaining three patients with recanalized or patent (not embolized at prior UAE) uterine arteries, both uterine arteries were embolized. Immediate hemostasis was achieved in nine patients (69.2%). The remaining four patients (30.8%) with obliterated uterine arteries required hysterectomy. There were three mild adverse events (pelvic pain [n = 2] and fever [n = 1]).

Conclusion:

UAE with gelatin sponge slurry frequently causes permanent uterine artery obliteration. In cases of recurrent PPH occurring in subsequent pregnancy, repeat UAE may be less likely to achieve hemostasis (69.2%).

Advances in knowledge:

1. UAE with gelatin sponge slurry frequently caused permanent uterine artery obliteration.

2. In recurrent PPH occurring in subsequent pregnancy, the repeat UAE may be less likely to achieve hemostasis than initial UAE.
The Impact of Green Practices in Value Chain on Firm Performance in the Context of a Developing Country
Authors: Ong Jeen Wei , Goh Gerald Guan Gan , Yong Sally Hui Siang
Published: June 2022

Background: Companies need to go green to remain relevant. Previous studies have confirmed that going green leads to superior performance for companies. However, research of green practices in a value chain requires further attention, especially in identifying the green value chain activities that lead to superior performance. A value chain analysis focuses on identifying competitive advantages of firms through five primary and four support activities.

Methods: This study extends from Ong et al. (2019), who developed and validated the instrument for the nine green value chain activities, to also examine their effect on firm performance. The 207 valid responses in this study are collected through a questionnaire survey of the sampling frame consisting of companies in Bursa Malaysia and the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers Directory.

Results: The findings reveal that the companies’ green practices in primary value chain activities are higher than in the supporting value chain activities. Technological development is the activity with the lowest green attention among the nine value chain activities. Our multiple regression analysis shows that 25% of the variation in firm performance can be significantly explained by the nine green value chain activities. In terms of the individual green value chain activities, green technology development is the only activity that can positively and significantly explain firm performance.

Conclusions: The findings of the study suggest that companies intending to build their green core competence need to engage in green technology development. Companies that go green for the purpose of complying to regulations and fulfilling minimum customers’ demands can still embed green practices into their green value chain without compromising their performance.
New Decorums
Authors: Sueyoshi Kiyotaka
Published: June 2022

Whitman’s olfactory metaphors are key tropes in his poems but they have been neglected so far. Furthermore, Emerson’s reaction to them sheds light on the relation between the two men, and shows that we need to expand our research on them through the incorporation of various ‘olfactory perspectives.’ This essay is about olfactory reading of Song of Myself—reframing it through a lens of the sense of smell. It will show that Whitman’s exploration for new poetic diction and the semantic of Whitman’s materialization into a poet—both are correlated—necessitate frequent usages of olfactory metaphors. With the inclusion of various olfactory viewpoints, the essay shows that Whitman’s metaphors of this kind portray his transformation into a mythical poet and smooth out this transition. Through his ‘celebrations’—calling body odor the fragrance and enjoying it, coming into contact with the atmosphere, and calling breath ‘smoke’— Whitman metamorphoses into a mythical poet, while all these celebrations are effected by his verbal fiat through olfactory metaphors, which finally enables him to communicate with ‘a spirit,’ which spreads his ‘barbaric yawp.’ All of these are fruition of Whitman’s ‘new decorums.’
A lasting focus on mental health
Authors: Allingham Sue
Published: June 2022

I'm writing this at the end of Mental Health Awareness Week. The importance of reflecting on mental health has possibly never been higher, perhaps this is particularly true for the youngest children, who have had a significant part of their lives disrupted.
‘I love my skin…’ Colourism at four and five
Authors: Kyriacou Eva
Published: June 2022

In a two-part series Eva Kyriacou will reflect on her experience of colourism in her setting working with children aged four and five. Part one provides context on Eva's identity and the lens through which she views her experiences as well as providing the background to how, through ‘diversity lessons’, these conversations first occurred.
Recycling, reusing and sustainable resources
Authors: Hewson Claire
Published: June 2022

Being conscious of the resources we buy and how we use existing ones plays a vital role in how environmentally friendly our practice is. Here Claire Hewson discusses recycling, reusing and the consideration of buying less new resources. You'll also see here a case study of a sustainable resource made from reusing what would normally go to waste.
The writing wall
Authors: Webster Chloe
Published: June 2022

Chloe Webster, a home-based childminder, shares an innovative, large-scale mark making experience she provided for her children within her provision.
Importance of music in the early years
Authors: Leow Abigail
Published: June 2022

Abigail Leow reflects on her views of the importance of music in the early years ahead of her series in the coming issues of Early Years Educator magazine on this very topic.
Seasonal asthma: should it be managed differently?
Authors: Bostock Beverley
Published: June 2022

Triggers for asthma symptoms can alter during the course of the year. Beverley Bostock evaluates the management of seasonal asthma

Asthma is an inflammatory condition, which is usually associated with an allergic trigger and response. Seasonal changes can influence asthma morbidity and mortality. The aim of asthma management is to optimise symptom control by impacting on the inflammatory cascade and, where possible, avoidance of known allergens. Triggers for asthma symptoms can alter during the course of the year as weather and airborne allergens change with the seasons. People living with seasonal allergic asthma should be taught to recognise their own triggers for their asthma symptoms and should be offered personalised, tailored advice, medication and action plans to proactively manage their asthma, optimise symptom control and prevent exacerbations.
Using motivational interviewing to improve health outcomes
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: June 2022

Sarah Jane Palmer looks at how practice nurses can use motivational interviewing to improve their patients health
Vernier optical phased array lidar transceivers
Authors: Dostart Nathan , Zhang Bohan , Brand Michael , Al Qubaisi Kenaish , Onural Deniz , Feldkhun Daniel , Popović Miloš , Wagner Kelvin
Published: June 2022

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) which beam-steer in two dimensions (2D) are currently limited to grating row spacings well above a half wavelength. This gives rise to grating lobes along one axis which limit the field of view (FOV), introduce return signal ambiguity, and reduce the optical efficiency in lidar applications. We demonstrate a Vernier transceiver scheme which uses paired transmit and receive phased arrays with different row periodicities, leading to mismatched grating lobe angular spacings and only a single aligned pair of transmit and receive lobes. This permits a return signal from a target in the desired lobe to be efficiently coupled back into the receive OPA while back-scatter from the other grating lobes is rejected, removing the ambiguity. Our proposal goes beyond previously considered Vernier schemes in other domains like RF and sound, to enable a dynamic Vernier where all beam directions are simultaneously Vernier aligned, and allow ultra-fast scanning, or multi-beam, operation with Vernier lobe suppression. We analyze two variants of grating lobe suppressing beam-steering configurations, one of which eliminates the FOV limitation, and find the conditions for optimal lobe suppression. We present the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental demonstration of an OPA Vernier transceiver, including grating lobe suppression of 6.4 dB and beam steering across 5.5°. The demonstration is based on a pair of 2D-wavelength-steered serpentine OPAs. These results address the pervasive issue of grating lobes in integrated photonic lidar schemes, opening the way to larger FOVs and reduced complexity 2D beam-steering designs.
High-speed compact folded Michelson interferometer modulator
Authors: Song Ruogu , Sun Jialiang , Wang Jinyu , Li Xinyu , Liu Yufei , Yue Wencheng , Cai Yan , Wang Shuxiao , Yu Mingbin
Published: June 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel compact folded Michelson interferometer (FMI) modulator with high modulation efficiency. By folding the 0.5 mm-long phase shift arms, the length of the modulation area of the FMI modulator is only 0.25 mm. Meanwhile, the traveling wave electrode (TWE) is also shorter, which decreases the propagation loss of the RF signal and contributes to a small footprint. The Vπ-L of the present device is as low as 0.87 V·cm at −8 V bias voltage. The minimum optical insertion loss is 3.7 dB, and the static extinction ratio (ER) is over 25 dB. The measured 3-dB electro-optical (EO) bandwidth is 17.3 GHz at a −6 V bias. The OOK eye diagram up to 40 Gb/s is demonstrated under 2 V driver voltage.
Full-color reflective filter in a large area exploiting a sandwiched metasurface
Authors: Ye Yan , Gu Yu , Wang Fei , Cai Yangjian , Chen Linsen , Xu Yishen
Published: June 2022

Metasurface-based color filters show great potential in imaging devices and color printing. However, it is still a great challenge to meet the high demand for large-area flexible displays with structural color filters. Here, a reflective color filter is developed with a sandwiched metasurface, where the photoresist grating, complementary silver grating and silicon nitride grating are sequentially stacked on the substrate. Analytical results show that bandpass reflective spectra can be achieved due to the combined influence of guided mode resonance and cavity resonance, and full-spectrum colors including three primary colors can be generated by merely varying the period of the metasurface. With only photolithography and deposition technology involved, large-area samples incorporating pixelated metasurfaces are easily fabricated. Metasurfaces with three periods of 540 nm, 400 nm and 320 nm are experimentally obtained having peak reflective efficiency of ∼ 60%, demonstrating red, green and blue colors as theoretical results. A stripe sample with the structural period varying from 250 nm to 550 nm is fabricated in an area of 10 mm × 30 mm, displaying full-color reflections as simulated. Finally, with metasurfaces of three structural periods, the pixelated Soochow University logo is fabricated in a larger area of ∼ 30 mm × 30 mm. Therefore, the proposed structure shows high compatible to roll-to-roll nano-imprinting for large-area flexible displays, with the photoresist film can be easily substituted by UV film in addition.
The aesthetic value of reef fishes is globally mismatched to their conservation priorities
Authors: Langlois Juliette , Guilhaumon François , Baletaud Florian , Casajus Nicolas , De Almeida Braga Cédric , Fleuré Valentine , Kulbicki Michel , Loiseau Nicolas , Mouillot David , Renoult Julien P. , Stahl Aliénor , Stuart Smith Rick D. , Tribot Anne-Sophie , Mouquet Nicolas
Published: June 2022

Reef fishes are closely connected to many human populations, yet their contributions to society are mostly considered through their economic and ecological values. Cultural and intrinsic values of reef fishes to the public can be critical drivers of conservation investment and success, but remain challenging to quantify. Aesthetic value represents one of the most immediate and direct means by which human societies engage with biodiversity, and can be evaluated from species to ecosystems. Here, we provide the aesthetic value of 2,417 ray-finned reef fish species by combining intensive evaluation of photographs of fishes by humans with predicted values from machine learning. We identified important biases in species’ aesthetic value relating to evolutionary history, ecological traits, and International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) threat status. The most beautiful fishes are tightly packed into small parts of both the phylogenetic tree and the ecological trait space. In contrast, the less attractive fishes are the most ecologically and evolutionary distinct species and those recognized as threatened. Our study highlights likely important mismatches between potential public support for conservation and the species most in need of this support. It also provides a pathway for scaling-up our understanding of what are both an important nonmaterial facet of biodiversity and a key component of nature’s contribution to people, which could help better anticipate consequences of species loss and assist in developing appropriate communication strategies.
Using a knowledge translation framework to identify health care professionals’ perceived barriers and enablers for personalised severe asthma care
Authors: Majellano Eleanor C. , Clark Vanessa L. , McLoughlin Rebecca F. , Gibson Peter G. , McDonald Vanessa M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Whilst multidimensional assessment enables the detection of treatable traits in severe asthma and has the potential to improve patient outcomes, healthcare disparities exist, and little is known about the factors influencing optimal management in severe asthma. This study aimed to explore perceived barriers, and enablers to implementing personalised care in severe asthma, from the healthcare professionals’ perspective.

Methods

A descriptive, qualitative study involving a single focus group (n = 7) and semi-structured interviews (n = 33) with multidisciplinary healthcare professionals involved in severe asthma care was conducted. A hybrid thematic and content analysis was undertaken to identify themes, which were then deductively mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Results

Overall, three emergent themes were identified: (1) Barriers- (2) Enablers- to optimal management; (3) Desired model of care. Across all TDF domains, 6 constructs influenced development and implementation of optimal care: (1) belief about consequences, (2) environmental context and resources, (3) belief about capabilities, (4) social/professional role and identity, (5) goals and (6) knowledge.

Conclusion

Implementation of personalised care in severe asthma is complex and non-linear. The use of a theory-based approach effectively demonstrated how a variety of behaviours could be targeted to optimise and promote personalised care in different clinical setting.
Factorial validity and measurement invariance of the psychological need satisfaction in exercise scale across gender
Authors: Sabo Abdulwali , Kueh Yee Cheng , Musa Rabiu Muazu , Lu Frank J. H. , Kuan Garry
Published: June 2022

Background

Based on the self-determination theory, the psychological requirements for competence, autonomy, and relatedness boost beneficial exercise behaviour for healthy living. However, there is no valid, reliable Malay version scale to investigate the extent to which these psychological needs are met. The main purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Malay version of the Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise (PNSE-M) scale. In addition, the purpose of this study was to confirm the measurement and structural invariance of the PNSE-M across gender.

Methods

The study participants included 919 students (male: 49.6%, female: 50.4%), with a mean age of 20.4 years (standard deviation = 1.5). The participants were selected through convenience sampling. The 18-item PNSE-M was used to measure psychological need satisfaction in exercise. The English version of the PNSE was translated into Malay using standard forward-backward translation. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and invariance tests were performed on the three domains of the PNSE-M model. Composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), internal consistency based on Cronbach’s alpha, and test-retest reliabilities using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were also computed.

Results

After some model re-specification, the CFA findings based on the hypothesised measurement model of three factors and 18 items indicated acceptable factor structure (CFI = .936, TLI = .923, SRMR = .054, RMSEA = .059). The CR and AVE values were .864–.902 and .573–.617, respectively. Cronbach’s alpha was .891–.908, and the ICC was .980–.985. The findings supported the full measurement and structural invariance of the PNSE-M for both male and female participants. The CFA model matched the data well for both male (CFI = .926, SRMR = .057, RMSEA = .066) and female (CFI = .926, SRMR = .060, RMSEA = .065) participants.

Conclusion

The PNSE-M with three factors and 18 items is considered to be a valid, reliable instrument for university students in Malaysia. It is valid for use to make meaningful comparisons across gender.
Interview with an avatar: Comparing online and virtual reality perspective taking for gender bias in STEM hiring decisions
Authors: Crone Cassandra L. , Kallen Rachel W.
Published: June 2022

Virtual perspective taking can reduce unconscious bias and increase empathy and prosocial behavior toward individuals who are marginalized based on group stereotypes such as age, race, or socioeconomic status. However, the question remains whether this approach might reduce implicit gender bias, and the degree to which virtual immersion contributes to behavioral modulation following perspective taking tasks is unknown. Accordingly, we investigate the role of virtual perspective taking for binary gender using an online platform (Study 1) and immersive virtual reality (Study 2). Female and male undergraduates performed a simulated interview while virtually represented by an avatar that was either congruent or incongruent with their own gender. All participants rated a male and a female candidate on competence, hireability, likeability, empathy, and interpersonal closeness and then chose one of these two equivalently qualified candidates to hire for a laboratory assistant position in the male dominated industry of information technology. Online perspective taking did not reveal a significant influence of avatar gender on candidate ratings or candidate choice, whereas virtual reality perspective taking resulted in significant changes to participant behavior following exposure to a gender-incongruent avatar (e.g., male embodied as female), such that men showed preference for the female candidate and women showed preference for the male candidate. Although between-group differences in candidate ratings were subtle, rating trends were consistent with substantial differences in candidate choice, and this effect was greater for men. Compared to an online approach, virtual reality perspective taking appears to exert greater influence on acute behavioral modulation for gender bias due to its ability to fully immerse participants in the experience of (temporarily) becoming someone else, with empathy as a potential mechanism underlying this phenomenon.
Experiences of personal protective equipment by Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic, 2020: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayton Darshini , Soh Sze-Ee , Berkovic Danielle , Parker Catriona , Yu Kathryn , Honeyman Damian , Manocha Rameesh , MacIntyre Raina , Ananda-Rajah Michelle
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to capture Australian frontline healthcare workers’ (HCWs) experiences with personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. This was a cross-sectional study using an online survey consisting of five domains: demographics; self-assessment of COVID risk; PPE access; PPE training and confidence; and anxiety. Participants were recruited from community and hospital healthcare settings in Australia, including doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, paramedics, and aged care and support staff. Data analysis was descriptive with free-text responses analysed using qualitative content analysis and multivariable analysis performed for predictors of confidence, bullying, staff furlough and anxiety. The 2258 respondents, comprised 80% women, 49% doctors and 40% nurses, based in hospital (39%) or community (57%) settings. Key findings indicated a lack of PPE training (20%), calls for fit testing, insufficient PPE (25%), reuse or extended use of PPE (47%); confusion about changing guidelines (48%) and workplace bullying over PPE (77%). An absence of in-person workplace PPE training was associated with lower confidence in using PPE (OR 0.21, 95%CI 0.12, 0.37) and a higher likelihood of workplace bullying (OR 1.43; 95% CI 1.00, 2.03) perhaps reflecting deficiencies in workplace culture. Deficiencies in PPE availability, access and training linking to workplace bullying, can have negative physical and psychological impacts on a female dominant workforce critical to business as usual operations and pandemic response.
A mixed-methods study on health learning materials utilization for COVID-19 risk communication and community engagement among health workers in Arsi Zone, Ethiopia: Implication for response to pandemic
Authors: Debele Taye , Teshome Firanbon , Amdisa Demuma , Bacha Girma , Birhanu Zewdie , Kebede Yohannes
Published: June 2022

Background

Risk communication and community engagement are among the key strategies used in response to pandemics. Effective risk communication and community engagement can be achieved when assisted by health learning materials. However, their utilization was not known in Ethiopia. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the utilization of COVID-19 health learning materials (HLMs), and explore barriers and facilitating factors.

Methods

A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study consisting of two phases was carried out. The first phase was a cross-sectional survey to assess the utilization of COVID-19 HLMs and their predictors. In this phase, a multistage sampling technique was used to select 530 health workers. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Epi-data manager version 4.6.0.2 and STATA version 16 were used for data entry and analyses, respectively. Descriptive analyses were carried out as necessary. Ordinal logistic regression analyses were done to identify the predictors of COVID-19 HLMs utilization. Phase two is a qualitative study to explore enablers and barriers to COVID-19 HLMs utilization. A judgmental sampling technique was used and 14 key informants were recruited. The collected data were uploaded into Atlas ti version 7.0.71. An inductive process of thematic analysis was employed and the data were coded, categorized, and thematized.

Results

Findings showed that out of the total 530 respondents, 210(39.6%), 117(22.1%), and 203(38.3%) of them never use COVID-19 HLMs, use sometimes, and always, respectively. Health workers’ perceived quality of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 6.44 (95% CI: 4.18–9.94)], health workers’ perceived usefulness of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 2.82 (95% CI: 1.88–4.22)], working facility [AOR = 1.83 (95% CI: 1.07–3.14)], educational level of the respondents [AOR = 1.73 (95% CI: 1.11–2.72)] and availability of COVID-19 HLMs [AOR = 1.45(95% CI: 1.01–2.08)] had statistically significant association with the utilization status of COVID-19 HLMs. Findings from the qualitative study showed that materials-related factors, and structure and health workers-related factors had influence on HLMs utilization.

Conclusions

In this study, we found that only a few of the respondents were regularly utilizing COVID-19 HLMs. Perceived quality, usefulness, and availability of HLMs, and health workers’ educational status and working facility determined the level of COVID-19 HLMs utilization. There is a need for giving due attention to HLMs, evaluating their quality, availing them to health facilities, and providing training for health workers.
Multimorbidity and depression among older adults in India: Mediating role of functional and behavioural health
Authors: Ansari Salmaan , Anand Abhishek , Hossain Babul
Published: June 2022

Researchers have long been concerned about the association between depression and the prevalence of multiple chronic diseases or multimorbidity in older persons. However, the underlying pathway or mechanism in the multimorbidity-depression relationship is still unknown. Data were extracted from a baseline survey of the Longitudinal Ageing Survey of India (LASI) conducted during 2017–18 (N = 31,464; aged ≥ 60 years). Depression was assessed using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D-10). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association. The Karlson–Holm–Breen (KHB) method was adopted for mediation analysis. The prevalence of depression among older adults was nearly 29% (men: 26% and women 31%). Unadjusted and adjusted estimates in binary logistic regression models suggested an association between multimorbidity and depression (UOR = 1.28; 95% CIs 1.27–1.44 and AOR = 1.12; 95% CIs 1.12–1.45). The association was particularly slightly strong in the older men. In addition, the association was mediated by functional health such as Self Rated Health (SRH) (proportion mediated: 40%), poor sleep (35.15%), IADL disability (22.65%), ADL disability (21.49%), pain (7.92%) and by behavioral health such as physical inactivity (2.28%). However, the mediating proportion was higher among older women as compared to older men. Physical inactivity was not found to be significant mediator for older women. The findings of this population-based study revealed that older people with multimorbidity are more likely to suffer depressive symptoms in older ages, suggesting the need for more chronic disease management and research. Multimorbidity and depression may be mediated by certain functional health factors, especially in older women. Further longitudinal research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms of this association so that future preventive initiatives may be properly guided.
Water, sanitation, and women’s empowerment: A systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis
Authors: Caruso Bethany A. , Conrad Amelia , Patrick Madeleine , Owens Ajilé , Kviten Kari , Zarella Olivia , Rogers Hannah , Sinharoy Sheela S.
Published: June 2022

Historically, water and sanitation programs have focused on women’s instrumental value in improving conditions and behaviors. No reviews have synthesized evidence on water and sanitation and women’s and girls’ empowerment. This review a) identified empirical water and sanitation research that engaged empowerment and/or empowerment-related domains; b) reported empowerment-related terminology used, research locations, methods leveraged, if water and/or sanitation was the focus; and c) synthesized evidence. A conceptual model of women’s and girls’ empowerment, which includes three interrelated domains (agency, resources, institutional structures), informed the search and analysis. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CABI Global Health, PsycINFO, CINAHL and AGRICOLA for peer-reviewed sources presenting research on water and/or sanitation and either empowerment and/or related terms from the model (4 May 2020). We identified 12,616 publications; 257 were included, representing over 1,600,000 participants. We used the Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) and followed the ‘best-fit framework synthesis’ analysis approach, using the model domains and sub-domains as codes. We inductively identified two additional sub-domains relevant to water and sanitation: privacy and freedom of movement. Thematic analysis guided synthesis of coded text. The majority of research took place in Asia (46%; 117) or Africa (40%; 102), engaged adults (69%; 177), and was published since 2010; (82%; 211). The greatest proportion of studies focused on water (45%; 115). Over half of studies used the term empowerment, yet only 7% (17) provided a clear definition or conceptualization. Agency was the least commonly engaged domain (47%; 122); the Resources domain was dominant (94%; 241). Measures for assessing empowerment are limited. Inclusion of only peer-reviewed sources in English is a main limitation. Well-conceptualized water and sanitation research that engages women’s and girls’ empowerment is limited. A more comprehensive ‘transformative WASH’ that includes gender-transformative approaches to challenge and reduce systemic constraints on women’s and girls’ resources and agency is long overdue.
‘Nāu te rourou, nāku te rourou, ka ora te manuhiri’ (‘With your food basket, and my food basket, the visitors will be fed’): Alterity, exchange and translation in Patricia Grace’s Chappy (2015)
Authors: Orzechowska Anna
Published: June 2022

In Chappy (2015), Patricia Grace offers an insightful glimpse into the complexities of cross-cultural communication as she recounts the vicissitudes of a Māori–Japanese–Hawaiian family throughout the course of the twentieth century. This article focuses on the representation of alterity as an empowering source of enrichment for individuals and communities by referencing Emmanuel Levinas’s ethics of the Other. It is argued that Chappy emphasizes the significance of cherishing Otherness in its infinity, instead of attempting to enclose it in well-established frameworks. In doing so, the novel grants precedence to interaction immersed in the Levinasian ‘saying’ – being together, listening to each other and exchanging stories, viewpoints and languages without establishing the relations of domination and subordination – over communication entrenched in the ‘said’, whose aim is to gain the complete understanding of the Other. In this context, the article discusses the motif of translation. And while translation aims to transform the foreign into the familiar, it functions in the novel not as a tool for abolishing alterity, but as a contact zone where different cultures enter into a creative dialogue. Translating stories is portrayed as a communal activity, whereby all those involved encounter one another on equal terms, contributing their own experiences and perceptions of the world – their respective baskets from the Māori proverb referred to in this article’s title.
Tatau: A History of Sāmoan Tattooing, Sean Mallon and Sébastien Galliot (2018)
Authors: Thode-Arora Hilke
Published: June 2022

Review of: Tatau: A History of Sāmoan Tattooing, Sean Mallon and Sébastien Galliot (2018)

Wellington: Te Papa Press, 320 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 99413 624 4 (hbk), NZ$75.00
Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769-1860, Ian Smith (2019)
Authors: Burke Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Review of: Pākehā Settlements in a Māori World: New Zealand Archaeology 1769-1860, Ian Smith (2019)

Wellington: Bridget Williams Books, 328 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 94749 248 9 (hbk), NZ$59.99
Slippery Jim or Patriotic Statesman? James Macandrew of Otago, R. J. Bunce (2018)
Authors: Belgrave Michael
Published: June 2022

Review of: Slippery Jim or Patriotic Statesman? James Macandrew of Otago, R. J. Bunce (2018)

Dunedin: University of Otago Press, 384 pp.,

ISBN 978 1 98853 135 9 (pbk), NZ$45
The Novel in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific Since 1950, Coral Ann Howells, Paul Sharrad and Gerry Turcotte (Eds) (2017)
Authors: Maufort Jessica
Published: June 2022

Review of: The Novel in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the South Pacific Since 1950, Coral Ann Howells, Paul Sharrad and Gerry Turcotte (Eds) (2017)

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 654 pp.,

ISBN 978 0 19967 977 5 (hbk), £110
O debate da independência do Brasil no Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense (1821-1822)
Authors: Silva Virgínia Rodrigues
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho analisa a construção das propostas políticas e projetos de Estado e nação, ensejados a partir da imprensa do Rio de Janeiro no contexto da Independência. Através do estudo de um dos principais jornais que atuaram no período, o Revérbero Constitucional Fluminense (1821-1822), buscar-se-á compreender a inserção de seus redatores no debate público formado em referência à representação política constituída a partir da revolução constitucionalista de 1820. Objetivamos entender as fronteiras e pertencimentos que caracterizaram seu discurso no diálogo imediato com demais agentes do seu contexto e com os debates dos deputados reunidos em Cortes. Diante disso, pretendemos demonstrar como aquele jornal se constituiu como instrumento privilegiado para compreender a instabilidade na construção das alternativas de futuro acerca da questão central do modelo de constitucionalismo a ser adotado no Brasil.
Política e comércio no contexto da independência
Authors: De Rezende Tofanelli Alves Walquiria
Published: June 2022

Nosso objetivo é apresentar as propostas defendidas pelo negociante Joaquim José da Silva Maia (1776-1831) quando redigiu o periódico Semanário Cívico (1821-1823) na Bahia. Para tanto, problematizaremos alguns postulados cristalizados na historiografia e na memória sobre a Independência, como os argumentos de que as Cortes de Lisboa se preparavam para «recolonizar» o Brasil e que o projeto de separação foi supostamente defendido por todos os «brasileiros» nas diversas províncias desse Reino. Nosso intuito é demonstrar que uma multiplicidade de projetos políticos foi articulada na década de 1820, ligada aos interesses e negócios particulares de cada um dos diferentes grupos na sociedade. O que mostraremos é que para muitos como Joaquim da Silva Maia e seu grupo, a proposta para um Império Português não só era a alternativa mais viável como contemplaria substancialmente seus interesses políticos e de negócios habilmente apontados como sendo os de toda a nação portuguesa.
"Nem álmatlanságról beszélek"
Authors: Farmasi Lilla
Published: June 2022

Murakami Haruki Szendergés című novellájának névtelen főszereplője feltehetőleg disszociációs zavar miatt képtelen aludni. Nyomasztóan egyhangú és eseménytelen hétköznapi életén ezzel az egészségesnek nem mondható megküzdési stratégiával próbál változtatni. Saját elbeszélése alapján élete ugyan unalmas, monoton és reménytelen, mégis azt a következtetést vonja le, hogy panaszra semmi oka. Egyes szám első személyű elbeszélőként igyekszik a negatív élményekről őszintén beszámolni, ám közben rendre pozitív értékelést társít hozzájuk. Ennek köszönhetően elbeszélése megbízhatatlan és következetlen. Értelmezésem szerint a Szendergés diszkurzusát a disszociáció kognitív sémái szervezik. Disszociációs zavar esetén „hiányzik a gondolatok, érzelmek és a tapasztalás tudatba és emlékezetbe történő normál integrációja”. Annak folytán, hogy az érzelmek a figyelmünkre is jelentős hatást gyakorolnak, egy disszociációs zavarral élő egyes szám első személyű elbeszélő története vélhetően ebből a szempontból problémásnak tekinthető. Elemzésemben amellett érvelek, hogy Murakami novellájában a disszociáció megtapasztalása nem csupán a történet szintjén figyelhető meg, hanem a történetmondási technikák megértésében is fontos szerepet játszik. Hipotézisem alapján a novellában az események helyett az érzelemábrázolás, illetve ennek hiánya teremti meg a narrativitást. A novellát a kognitív narratológia és a kognitív pszichológia segítségével elemzem, különös tekintettel a disznarráció, illetve a tagadott vagy kihagyott részletek működésére és funkciójára, valamint az érzelmek ábrázolására.
Az együttérzés ellen: Hannah Arendt poétikája
Authors: Timár Andrea
Published: June 2022

A jelen dolgozat Hannah Arendt Eichmann Jeruzsálámben, tudósítás a gonosz banalitásáról (1963), A Forradalom (1963), valamint Az emberi állapot (1958) és a Múlt és Jövő között (1961) című művein keresztül azt vizsgálja, hogyan kérdőjelezi meg Arendt a részvétnek tulajdonított jótékony politikai és társadalmi szerepet. A részvét közelségétől el fogunk jutni az irónia politikájához. Ez az irónia azonban, mint látni fogjuk, nem a részvét ellentéte, hanem egy olyan kettős hang, amely az ént és a másikat, sőt, a „többieket” egyaránt képviselheti, s ily módon a szolidaritás diszkurzív megfelelőjévé válik. Ezzel párhuzamosan rámutatok, hogy Arendt a csöndet vagy a beszédre való képtelenséget politikailag irrelevánsnak tartja, miközben kitüntetett közösségi szerepet tulajdonít az elbeszélésnek, pontosabban annak a kompakt, száraz, érzelemmentes kifejezésmódnak, amely történelmi és politikai relevanciával is rendelkezik.
halál pszichológiai dilemmái
Authors: Aradi Csenge
Published: June 2022

Jelen tanulmány a halál metaforikus konceptualizációját vizsgálja François de La Rochefoucauld (1613-1680) Maximák című munkájában. Tekintve, hogy bekövetkeztének pillanatáig nincs elsőrendű tapasztalatunk a halálról, az élet végi jelenségekről való fogalmi hálózatunk töredékes, befejezetlen, ez a bizonytalanság pedig egyéni és kollektív szorongást eredményez. A pszichológiai és fogalmi metaforaelméleti kutatások arra engednek következtetni, hogy a halállal kapcsolatos érzelmeket véges számú, feltételezhetően univerzális metaforákon keresztül konceptualizáljuk. La Rochefoucauld emberi természetről való gondolkodását alapjaiban határozza meg az amour-propre fogalma, amely a 17. századi kontextusban az önszeretet, az egoizmus szinonimája, és a társadalmi hipokrízis forrása volt. A vonatkozó szövegrészek elemzéséből kiválik, hogy az amour-propre ugyanakkor alacsonyan tartja a halálból adódó pszichológiai traumát azáltal, hogy különböző megküzdési stratégiákat alkalmaz a halál jelentőségének csökkentésére. Írásaiban a szerző következetesen használja a TUDÁS LÁTÁS metaforát, kiaknázva annak gazdag fogalmi hálózatát. A látás/vakság bináris oppozíciójával szemlélteti, hogy az önámítás és a tudatlanság erőteljes érzelmi elnyomáshoz, mentális vaksághoz vezet.