bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurorrafia término-lateral Uma evolução da técnica de reparo de lesões de nervos periféricos?
Authors: Flores Leandro Pretto
Published: January 2018

Apesar do avanço técnico obtido nas últimas décadas em relação ao reparo de lesões do sistema nervoso periférico a partir da introdução do microscópio cirúrgico e da monitorização eletrofisiológica transoperatória, o princípio fundamental da reconstrução nervosa pouco evoluiu, estando sempre baseado na sutura término-terminal. A neurorrafia término-lateral surgiu como opção terapêutica para as situações em que a utilização das técnicas convencionais não é possível. Baseia-se na capacidade que os axônios intactos do sistema nervoso periférico possuem de emitir prolongamentos colaterais, permitindo a reinervação de áreas vizinhas que foram previamente desnervadas. Reintroduzida há pouco mais de dez anos, a técnica vem sendo amplamente investigada tanto clínica quanto laboratorialmente, com resultados ainda inconclusivos. Este estudo apresenta uma revisão sistemática das principais publicações sobre esse tema, abrangendo as pesquisas experimentais, os estudos clínicos e as possíveis aplicações práticas da técnica.
Radiocirurgia no tratamento das metástases cerebrais
Authors: Calfat Maldaun Marcos Vinícius , de Aguiar Paulo Henrique Pires , Lessa Zambelli Helder José , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen , Sawaya Raymond , Lang Frederic
Published: January 2018

A radiocirurgia vem ganhando espaço no meio neurocirúrgico como opção de tratamento para metástases cerebrais. Baixo custo, altas taxas de controle local da doença, baixos índices de complicações relatados na literatura, possibilidade de tratar lesões não cirúrgicas, controle da doença sem as complicações tardias da radioterapia e natureza não invasiva do tratamento ratificam a radiocirurgia como modalidade eficaz no controle do câncer do sistema nervoso central. Nesta revisão, conclui-se que melhor detalhamento das complicações, especialmente as tardias, e estudo randomizado comparando-a com cirurgia seriam de grande interesse.
O impacto da rizotomia dorsal seletiva na qualidade de vida de crianças espásticas portadoras de paralisia cerebral
Authors: Costa Val José Aloysio , Oliveira Lima Andréia Lara , Martins Alexandra Oliveira
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: A rizotomia dorsal seletiva (RDS) é uma técnica clássica para tratamento da espasticidade em crianças com paralisia cerebral. Em nosso Serviço, é utilizada, além do objetivo funcional (deambulação), para melhoria da qualidade de vida da criança e do cuidador. O propósito do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia e o impacto do procedimento nesses indivíduos. Materiais e métodos: Um questionário sobre a qualidade de vida das crianças e cuidadores foi elaborado e enviado a 16 cuidadores de crianças submetidas à RDS, sendo posteriormente recuperados e analisados. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores julgou que houve melhora nos diversos quesitos relacionados à rotina diária, à facilitação para realização de cuidados e no posicionamento e transporte da criança. A maioria percebeu melhora no bem-estar e no estado de saúde. Dos cuidadores, 94% se declararam satisfeitos com o procedimento. Conclusão: A RDS parece melhorar a qualidade de vida de crianças gravemente comprometidas pela espasticidade na PC, bem como a de seus cuidadores.
Infarto maligno cerebral e craniectomia descompressiva: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Fernandes Sérgio Tadeu , Godoy Roberto , Montanaro Antonio Carlos , de Oliveira Paulo Geraldo Dorsa
Published: January 2018

O infarto maligno da artéria cerebral média é definido como a ocorrência de edema cerebral intenso, circunjacente à área de um infarto extenso. O edema pode causar deterioração da consciência, aumentar a pressão intracraniana, provocar desvio das estruturas da linha média e, finalmente, herniação cerebral e morte. Indivíduos que desenvolvem acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico maligno representam de 1% a 10% dos casos de isquemia cerebral supratentorial. A história natural dessa doença segue um curso previsível na maior parte dos casos, chegando a apresentar uma mortalidade de até 80% quando tratados clinicamente. Os sobreviventes são incapacitados e afligidos por graves seqüelas neurológicas, tornando-se dependentes de cuidados e acamados. A craniectomia descompressiva tem evidenciado resultados animadores, com redução na mortalidade para níveis que variam de 16% a 42% e uma melhor qualidade de vida aos sobreviventes. A presente revisão da literatura tem como principal objetivo caracterizar, de forma prática, o acidente vascular cerebral maligno – epidemiologia, etiologia, apresentação clínica, história natural da doença, medidas terapêuticas e prognóstico – bem como buscar embasamento científico à indicação de hemicraniectomia descompressiva.
Malformações arteriovenosas encefálicas: aspectos morfológicos, clínicos e operatórios: Revisão da literatura
Authors: dos Santos Marcio L. T. , Júnior Zeferino Demartini , Spotti Antonio R. , Tognola Waldir A.
Published: January 2018

É feita revisão da literatura sobre malformações arteriovenosas (MAV) encefálicas. MAV são anomalias morfológicas neurovasculares caracterizadas por comunicação direta entre artérias e veias, sem interposição do leito capilar, portanto sem resistência ao fluxo sanguíneo. Morfologicamente, MAV possuem três componentes distintos: aferências, nidus e eferências. As aferências incluem vasos originados de quaisquer artérias intra ou extracranianas que nutrem as MAV. O nidus corresponde a um enovelado complexo de artérias e veias anormais, unidas por uma ou mais fístulas além de calcificações e aneurismas intranidais. As eferências constituem as drenagens venosas, que podem ser superficial, profunda ou mista. Acidentes vasculares encefálicos (AVE) hemorrágicos são as manifestações mais comuns, ocorrendo em aproximadamente 50% dos casos. O tratamento de MAV pode ser microcirurgia, embolização endovascular, radiocirúrgico estereotáxico, conservador ou multidisciplinar. Ressecção cirúrgica completa de MAV é considerada a melhor opção de tratamento, eliminando risco de futura hemorragia. Apesar do desenvolvimento tecnológico na área de neurocirurgia endovascular nas últimas décadas, a fisiopatologia de MAV e sua história natural ainda não estão bem esclarecidas. O tratamento representa um grande desafio. Acreditamos que estudos sobre complexidade arquitetônica e hemodinâmica de MAV são necessários a fim de estabelecer fatores de risco e prognósticos, melhorando os resultados do tratamento.
Trauma raquimedular craniocervical: Revisão da literatura
Authors: Botelho Ricardo Vieira , Borgheresi Marcelo Duva , Batista André Lima
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Revisão da literatura sobre o trauma craniocervical. Métodos: Com base em revisão eletrônica da literatura nos dados da PubMed, em revisões sistemáticas e em diretrizes internacionais na língua inglesa. A revisão abrangeu os temas “deslocamento atlanto-occipital”, “fraturas do côndilo occipital”, “fraturas do atlas”, “lesões do ligamento transverso”, “instabilidade vertical atlantoaxial traumática” e “fraturas do áxis”. Resultado: A avaliação da literatura utilizando-se de técnicas de análise da qualidade da publicação, eliminando vícios e tendenciosidades de interpretação, permitindo a comparação matemática de resultados, propiciou o surgimento de conclusões menos discutíveis da eficiência dos vários métodos de tratamento.
Microscopia de força atômica no estudo da superfície endotelial de bifurcações arteriais cerebrais humanas
Authors: Ortiz-Velázquez Rogelio Iván , Pereira Caldas José Guilherme Mendes , Suegama Patrícia Hatsue , Magnani Marina , Santos-Franco Jorge Arturo , Mercado-Pimentel Rodrigo , Tanaka Leonardo Yuji , Salvadori Maria Cecília
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Apresentar o estudo morfológico do endotélio vascular de artérias cerebrais humanas e discutir aplicações e limitações da microscopia de força atômica (AFM) no estudo da patologia vascular. Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas amostras do segmento M1 e da bifurcação da artéria cerebral média, com e sem doença aterosclerótica. Imagens topográficas, obtidas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), das amostras fixadas quimicamente e desidratadas mediante ponto crítico foram confrontadas com imagens de amostras não fixadas, obtidas por AFM. Resultados: As células endoteliais nos segmentos retos de M1 e da bifurcação da ACM, sem doença aterosclerótica, são alongadas e alinhadas com o eixo axial do vaso, porém poligonais e sem orientação preferencial na bifurcação aterosclerótica. A bifurcação com aterosclerose apresenta uma monocamada endotelial altamente irregular e corrugada que invagina na luz do vaso e mostra características heterogêneas na superfície da membrana. A resolução das imagens de MEV foi superior àquela obtida nas imagens de AFM a baixa magnificação. Nas imagens de AFM, a parte lateral e as uniões celulares são pouco definidas e a varredura em altas magnificações diminui a resolução. Contudo, é possível determinar a topografia tridimensional da superfície celular, podendo-se, ao mesmo tempo, realizar estudos funcionais. Conclusão: Apesar da combinação única de alta resolução de imagem e operação sob condições próximas às fisiológicas, a AFM em amostras flexíveis apresenta resolução que depende do tipo de cantilever e do grau de hidratação da amostra. Por isso, em amostras vasculares as condições fisiológicas terão de ser estritamente reproduzidas.
Neurophysicological findings after anterior communicant artery aneurysm surgery (AcomA): a literature review
Authors: dos Santos Camila B. , de Carvalho Simone C. , Figueiredo Eberval G. , Teixeira Manoel J.
Published: January 2018

Objective: To present a literature review of cognitive disorders in patients operated on anterior communicant artery aneurysm (AcomA). Methods: Literature was searched (PubMed) from 1996 to 2009 using “aneurysm”, “surgery” and “neuropsychological evaluation” as keywords. Only papers describing postoperative neuropsychological findings were included in this review. Results: A great deal of the retrieved papers noted alterations of intellectual, executive functions and memory (episodic and semantic). Some authors explain these memory deficits as secondary to the executive dysfunction or ischemia in related areas. Other papers noted secondary alterations after temporary clipping (worse alert and selective attention). Majority of deficits improve with time, however, long periods of temporary clip are associated with persistent deficits. Conclusion: The studies are scarce in the Brazilian literature that valued thoroughly neuropsychological alterations after AcomA surgery, correlating data with the resection or not of the straight gyrus, with the presence or not of vasoespasm and alterations in the quality of life. There were not found, up to the moment, studies in which these patients were valued pre and post surgery.
Gliomas: casuística cirúrgica em um hospital-escola quaternário
Authors: Correa Clemar , Soares Matheus Schmidt , Navarro Cabrera Hector Tomas , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: É apresentada neste trabalho a casuística cirúrgica de ressecção de gliomas em um hospital-escola quaternário da cidade de São Paulo, no período de 19 meses. Método: Foram coletados dados, prospectivamente, de todos os pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de glioma, submetidos à ressecção cirúrgica no hospital referido, no período de novembro de 2007 a junho de 2009, por meio de preenchimento de um protocolo pelo médico-assistente de cada caso. Resultados: No período estudado, foram realizadas 288 cirurgias para ressecção de tumores encefálicos. Dessas, 88 cirurgias foram destinadas à ressecção de gliomas do sistema nervoso central. Corresponde a 30,56% das cirurgias para ressecção de tumores encefálicos, sendo esse o maior grupo, com média anual de 55,5 gliomas operados. Conclusão: O predomínio dos astrocitomas de alto grau nos casos operados é semelhante aos dados da literatura, demonstrando a importância dessa doença. A gravidade e a considerável incidência desses tumores em nossa população mostram a necessidade de constante investimento e aprimoramento tecnológico e humano para o adequado tratamento desses pacientes.
Late favorable results of duroplasty with biocellulose: clinical retrospective study of 20 cases
Authors: Mello Luis Renato , Alcantara Barbara Bonaparte , Bermardes Celso Itiberê , Boer Vitor Hugo
Published: January 2018

Objective: Considering the importance of dural replacement in neurosurgery, mainly in times of advanced endoscopic skull base approaches, the authors report the late results after implanting of pure biocellulose membrane in 20 patients harboring different types of lesion, from 1996 to 1999, with objective of demonstrate its use in neurosurgery. Method: The casuistic was followed clinically and image studies were indicated when necessary. Dural substitution was achieved by continuous 4:0 prolene suture without additional glue. Results: The casuistic is constituted by four convexity or parasagittal meningiomas, three single cortical metastasis (melanoma, lung and renal carcinomas), two cerebellar gliomas (one multicentric GBM, one pilocytic cerebellar astrocytoma), one decompressive craniectomy for brain edema due to vasosespasm after aneurysm clipping one decompressive craniotomy for cerebral edema after hemorrhage of a giant fronto-parietal AVM, two mirror MCA aneurysms, one pineal and mesencephalic astrocitoma, one quadrigeminal cistern cyst, one accoustic schwanoma, one spontaneous cerebellar hematoma, one decompressive neurovascular operation for trigeminal neuralgia; 1 cauda equina ependimoma, one lombar myelomeningocele. Currently nine patients are alive, none had direct complication of implant. Recent NMR images of survivors do not show the membrane. Three wound infections could not be definitively attributed to patch. Conclusion: The material was considered safe for dural replacement. Due to inadequate elasticity of pure cellulose, the research was interrupted, waiting for a better product, which is currently being tested.
Osteocondroma solitário intracraniano: relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Haddad Luciano , Esteves Veiga José Carlos , Cannoni Luiz Fernando , Saade Nelson
Published: January 2018

Osteocondromas são neoplasias relativamente raras que podem comprometer o espaço intracraniano. Geralmente estão localizadas na base do crânio em decorrência de sua origem proveniente das sincondroses da base do crânio. Deve-se suspeitar do diagnóstico em pacientes com sintomas de hipertensão intracraniana associados à lesão calcificada que apresente áreas de hipo e hiperdensidade à tomografia computadorizada de crânio.
Estudo epidemiológico das fraturas de coluna em centro de referência para patologia espinhal no Paraná
Authors: Vieira da Cunha Matheus Lemos , Vieira da Cunha Marcelo Lemos , Amaral Veríssimo Denildo César , Rehder Roberta , Biurrum Borba Luis Alencar
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: Realizar um estudo epidemiológico das fraturas de coluna ocorridas no período de março de 2007 até dezembro de 2011 em um centro de referência para patologia espinhal. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva dos prontuários de pacientes submetidos a tratamento neurocirúrgico para artrodese da coluna vertebral por causa de patologia traumática, realizada de março de 2007 até dezembro de 2011. Os dados foram compilados a partir do setor de arquivo médico do Hospital Universitário Evangélico de Curitiba (HUEC). Os elementos encontrados foram analisados observando-se as variáveis idades, sexo, o nível e a vértebra mais acometida. Resultados: Dos 104 pacientes submetidos a tratamento neurocirúrgico visando à artrodese por causa de fratura de coluna, houve uma predominância considerável do sexo masculino, com 73,07% (76). A média de idade na data do procedimento cirúrgico foi de 38,08 anos. A idade mínima registrada foi de12 anos e a máxima, de 73 anos. Houve predomínio das fraturas em coluna lombar de 59,61% (62) dos casos. O corpo de L1 foi mais acometido (30,76%). Conclusão: Há escassez de trabalhos epidemiológicos no que se refere à patologia traumática da coluna vertebral. A falta de dados em nosso país dificulta a elaboração de medidas preventivas que respeitem as características regionais, vislumbrando um melhor manejo dessa patologia que atinge, em sua maior parte, a população economicamente ativa, gerando prejuízos crescentes ao sistema de saúde.
Paralisia do nervo oculomotor como manifestação inicial de hematoma subdural crônico – Relato de caso
Authors: Pereira Carlos Umberto , Santos Júnior José Anísio , Lima Santos Ana Cristina
Published: January 2018

A presença de paralisia do nervo oculomotor (NOM) sem outro déficit neurológico é considerada rara como forma de apresentação em hematoma subdural crônico (HSDC). Geralmente apresenta sintomas de déficit neurológico focal, cefaleia e alterações do nível de consciência, havendo múltiplos diagnósticos diferenciais. RTA, 79 anos, masculino. Paciente com demência senil, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus. Estado geral: moderado. Exame físico: sonolento, eupneico. Exame neurológico: disfásico e anisocoria esquerda. Tomografia computadorizada (TC) de crânio sem contraste revelou lesão com densidade heterogênea na região frontoparietotemporal esquerda com efeito de massa e hipodensa na região frontoparietal direita. Submetido a trépano-punção frontal anterior e parietal posterior esquerda e drenagem do hematoma. Evoluiu com melhora da paralisia do NOM à esquerda. Em caso de HSDC volumoso, pode-se comprimir o mesencéfalo e apresentar-se herniação do uncus do hipocampo, podendo causar paralisia do NOM. Seu diagnóstico precoce e tratamento correto apresentam bons resultados.
Pulsed radiofrequency on dorsal root ganglia for chronic pain
Authors: da Silva Junior Luis Fernando Moura , de Almeida Daniel Benzecry , Moeller Laura , Iachinski Renato Endler , Aurich Lucas Alves , Ramina Ricardo
Published: January 2018

Objective: Evaluate clinical outcome of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) treatment in neuropathic pain of patients with radiculopathy regarding improvement of pain and degree of patients’ satisfaction. Method: Forty-five procedures in cervical and lumbossacral spine. Data collected by phone call interviews (independent researcher). Evaluation done after one month and at minimum three months follow-up. Analyzed data included objective and subjective improvement, and degree of satisfaction. Results: Outcome much better in 31%, 36% better, 24% unchanged, 9% worse. At initial evaluation, relief was rated: 24% excellent, 16% good, 27% moderate, 33% poor. At late evaluation, 27% excellent, 18% good, 7% moderate, 49% poor. Degree of satisfaction was high (82% of patients reported they certainly or probably would repeat the procedure). Conclusion: PRF was effective and safe in selected patients. Most patients were satisfied and would repeat/recommend the procedure.
Derivação ventriculoatrial percutânea – Nota técnica
Authors: Silva de Morais Adriano Donizeth , Mesquita Mayana Menegusse , Santos Thiago da Silva , Macedo Tavares Cícero Anderson da Cruz , Miranda de Avellar Leonardo
Published: January 2018

Descrição passo a passo de técnica de derivação ventriculoatrial utilizando punção cervical percutânea por técnica de Seldinger. O objetivo é demonstrar e difundir entre os neurocirurgiões brasileiros uma forma alternativa segura, rápida e eficaz de introdução e instalação de cateter venoso até o átrio direito, sem necessidade de dissecção venosa convencional. São vantagens a redução do tempo cirúrgico e o melhor resultado cosmético, sem aumento significativo do custo.
As opções terapêuticas para os aneurismas fusiformes
Authors: Carvalho Viegas Maria Luana , Rodrigues Daniella Brito , Teixeira Saulo Araújo , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Caldas José Guilherme , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2018

Os aneurismas fusiformes são pouco frequentes e geralmente não estão associados a fatores de risco específicos. Ocorrem principalmente nas artérias cerebrais, por meio de uma dilatação circunferencial na parede da artéria, garantindo seu aspecto morfológico típico: ausência de colo aneurismático. Por essa razão, não podem ser usualmente clipados ou embolizados, necessitando de métodos alternativos de tratamento que representam um desafio para os neurocirurgiões. As alternativas cirúrgicas estão associadas a um melhor prognóstico e incluem as técnicas de revascularização com o uso de bypass, a oclusão da artéria aferente (PAO, sigla em inglês) e “wrapping” ou clip-wrap. Métodos endovasculares, como o uso de stents, representam uma opção para restauração mais fisiológica do fluxo sanguíneo, embora necessitem de mais estudos para confirmar a eficácia.
Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de traumatismo cranioencefálico do Hospital de Urgências e Traumas no município de Petrolina, estado de Pernambuco
Authors: de Moura José Carlos , Ramos Rangel Bruno Lázaro , Evangelista Creôncio Sheila Cristiane , Barros Pernambuco José Ricardo
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: No Brasil, dentre o conjunto de lesões decorrentes das causas externas, o traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) destaca-se em termos de magnitude, tanto em mortos quanto em feridos. Este estudo visa avaliar epidemiologicamente os casos de TCEs ocorridos no Vale do São Francisco, analisando-os quanto a idade, sexo, procedência, etiologia do trauma, conduta e exames complementares. Método: Foram estudados, de forma descritiva e analítica, com abordagem quantitativa, os prontuários dos pacientes vítimas de TCE admitidos no Hospital de Urgências e Traumas, entre os meses de dezembro de 2008 a junho de 2009. No total, foram avaliados 101 prontuários. Conclusão: A etiologia do TCE mais frequente foram os acidentes motociclísticos, seguidos por queda. O sexo masculino é o mais acometido e a faixa etária mais acometida foi a dos 21 aos 40 anos. Com relação à classificação de gravidade do TCEs, 53,47% foram classificados como leves, 25,73%, como moderados e 20,80%, como graves; evidencia-se a prevalência do TCE leve, porém com percentual significativo de casos graves.
Suboccipital craniectomy and duraplasty for Arnold-Chiari malformation 1: experience with 26 patients
Authors: Policarpo Fabiana , Lynch Jose Carlos , Esteves Celestino , Andrade Ricardo , Temponi Vicente
Published: January 2018

Objective: Observe whether the suboccipital foramen magno decompression, duraplasty and microsurgery lyses of arachninodal bands are a safe and an effective treatment. Method: A retrospective study was carried out with 26 consecutives patients with CM1 malformations diagnosed, evaluated and operated at the Neurosurgical department of Servidores do Estado Hospital (HSE), from 1986 to 2010. The radiological studies, patient records, surgical descriptions, and when available, surgical videos, were reviewed, creating a database from which information pertinent to the present study was collected. The follow-up varied from 8 to 168 months (mean, 48 months). Results: Twenty-six patients underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty. In this series, there is no operative death. We noticed beneficial outcome in 69.2% of patients, and 4 cases of transient postoperative complications. Conclusion: This experience with 26 cases CM1 proved that suboccipital craniectomy; duraplasty with autologus pericranium and microlysis of adhesions is a safe and effective procedure.
Aneurismas infecciosos: incidência, diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Garcia Saulo Simões , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a revisão de literatura acerca dos novos parâmetros de incidência, diagnósticos e terapêuticos, dos aneurismas infecciosos. Foi realizada pesquisa no banco de dados Bireme e PubMed,com os termos: “aneurysm”, “mycotic” e “infectious”, sendo usados para o estudo apenas artigos publicados entre 1997 e 2010. Grande parte dos artigos descreve uma alta incidência de múltiplos aneurismas e a localização preferencialmente proximal, quando associados à endocardite infecciosa, e distal, quando associados a outras infecções, também relatando a alta eficiência do tratamento endovascular, contudo uma alta mortalidade quando este é inviável. Novas técnicas diagnósticas são propostas e merecem mais estudos. A taxa de incidência e a alta taxa de mortalidade associada a casos em que a intervenção endovascular é inviável justificam exames direcionados ao diagnóstico precoce desses aneurismas em pacientes potenciais.
Control of superconductivity by means of electric-field-induced strain in superconductor/piezoelectric hybrids
Authors: Stamopoulos D. , Zeibekis M. , Zhang S. J.
Published: January 2018

The controlled modification of superconductivity by any means, specifically in hybrid systems, has attracted much interest in the recent decades. Here, we present experimental data and phenomenological modeling on the control of TC of superconducting (SC) Nb thin films, with thickness 3 nm ≤ dNb≤50 nm, under the application of in-plane strain, S(Eex) induced by an external out-of-plane electric field, Eex to piezoelectric (PE) single crystals, namely, (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT), with x = 0.27 and 0.31. We report experimental modification of TC of Nb by Eex, accurately described by a phenomenological model that incorporates the constitutive relation S(Eex) of PMN-xPT. The systematic experimental-phenomenological modeling approach introduced here is generic and paves the way for an understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms in any SC/PE hybrid.
Analysis of intercomponent energy transfer in the interaction of oscillating-grid turbulence with an impermeable boundary
Authors: McCorquodale Mark W. , Munro R. J.
Published: January 2018

New experimental results are presented that investigate the nature of the intercomponent energy transfer that occurs in the interaction between oscillating-grid turbulence and a solid impermeable boundary, using instantaneous velocity measurements obtained from two-dimensional particle imaging velocimetry (PIV). Estimates of the pressure-strain correlation term (Πijs) of the transport equation of the Reynolds stress tensor, which represents intercomponent energy transfer, are obtained using the PIV data from a balance of the remaining terms of the transport equation. The influence of Πijs on the flow is examined by computing the energy spectra and conditional turbulent statistics associated with events in which intercomponent energy transfer is thought to be concentrated. Data reported here are in support of viscous and “return-to-isotropy” mechanisms governing the intercomponent energy transfer previously proposed, respectively, by Perot and Moin [J. Fluid Mech. 295, 199–227 (1995)] and Walker et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 320, 19–51 (1996)]. However, the data reported also indicate the presence of a weak net intercomponent energy transfer from the boundary-normal velocity components to the boundary-tangential velocity components over a thin region outside the viscous sublayer which is not captured within existing models of intercomponent energy transfer at the boundary.
Activation of B1 silent Raman modes and its potential origin as source for phonon-assisted replicas in photoluminescence response in N-doped ZnO nanowires
Authors: Souissi H. , Jabri S. , Souissi A. , Amiri G. , Gemeiner P. , Lusson A. , Galtier P. , Dkhil B. , Sallet V. , Oueslati M. , Meftah A.
Published: January 2018

ZnO nanowires are grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition using two different zinc precursors, i.e., dimethylzinc-triethylamine which contains nitrogen, and diethylzinc which does not. The growth conditions are varied using different oxygen/zinc pressure ratios (RO/Zn). Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy shows that the additional Raman modes are related to B1 modes which are activated because of translational symmetry breaking resulting from the nitrogen substitution on oxygen sites and/or Zn-O bond breaking caused by complex defects. Simultaneously, the antiparallel atomic displacements which are at the origin of B1 phonon vibrations are no more compensated, allowing B1 modes to acquire a polar character. The resulting polar phonons, and especially B12 located at 580 cm−1 (i.e., 72 meV), are therefore believed to strongly couple to photogenerated electrons through a Fröhlich mechanism and could lead or contribute to the phonon-assisted replicas observed in the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. Finally, we also discuss the possible defects involved in the Raman and PL responses including native donor and acceptor defects and their interaction with the N-dopant, depending on the growth conditions.
The apical scaffold big bang binds to spectrins and regulates the growth of Drosophila melanogaster wing discs
Authors: Forest Elodie , Logeay Rémi , Géminard Charles , Kantar Diala , Frayssinoux Florence , Heron-Milhavet Lisa , Djiane Alexandre
Published: January 2018

During development, cell numbers are tightly regulated, ensuring that tissues and organs reach their correct size and shape. Recent evidence has highlighted the intricate connections between the cytoskeleton and the regulation of the key growth control Hippo pathway. Looking for apical scaffolds regulating tissue growth, we describe that Drosophila melanogaster big bang (Bbg), a poorly characterized multi-PDZ scaffold, controls epithelial tissue growth without affecting epithelial polarity and architecture. bbg-mutant tissues are smaller, with fewer cells that are less apically constricted than normal. We show that Bbg binds to and colocalizes tightly with the β-heavy–Spectrin/Kst subunit at the apical cortex and promotes Yki activity, F-actin enrichment, and the phosphorylation of the myosin II regulatory light chain Spaghetti squash. We propose a model in which the spectrin cytoskeleton recruits Bbg to the cortex, where Bbg promotes actomyosin contractility to regulate epithelial tissue growth.
The Effects of eGFR Change on CVD, Renal, and Mortality Outcomes in a Hypertensive Cohort Treated With 3 Different Antihypertensive Medications
Authors: Barzilay Joshua I , Davis Barry R , Pressel Sara L , Ghosh Alokananda , Rahman Mahboob , Einhorn Paula T , Cushman William C , Whelton Paul K , Wright Jackson T
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Impaired renal function is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and mortality. The impact of short-term renal function decline on outcomes is less well studied. The association of antihypertensive medications with the impact of short-term estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline is not known.

METHODS

We examined 20,207 hypertensive participants with baseline and 2-year creatinine levels from which eGFR changes were estimated. The associations between eGFR change with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, heart failure (HF), all-cause mortality, and ESRD during 2.9 years of in-trial follow up, and with mortality during in-trial and post-trial follow-up (7.6 years), were studied. Results were assessed by primary hypertension (HTN) treatment (chlorthalidone, lisinopril, and amlodipine) and adjusted for baseline eGFR levels.

RESULTS

In the short run, an eGFR decline below the cohort median (−1.28 ml/minute/1.73 m2/2 years) vs. above the median, or a 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year decline vs. no decline, was associated with significant hazard risk for CHD (1.06–1.28), HF (1.24–1.91), ESRD (2.84–6.01), and mortality (1.08–1.19), but not with stroke risk. In the long term, there was a significant association with mortality (1.11–1.34). Interaction terms for outcomes by antihypertensive treatments were not statistically significant except for ESRD between amlodipine vs. chlorthalidone (hazard ratio: 3.17 [2.59, 3.88] vs. 2.41 [1.98, 2.97]; P interaction = 0.005) for a 5 ml/min/1.73 m2/year eGFR decline.

CONCLUSION

Decline in eGFR over 2 years is associated with increased risk of clinical outcomes beyond the effects of baseline eGFR. These risks were the same irrespective of the primary medication used to treat HTN.
Functional analysis of the Helicobacter pullorum N-linked protein glycosylation system
Authors: Jervis Adrian J , Wood Alison G , Cain Joel A , Butler Jonathan A , Frost Helen , Lord Elizabeth , Langdon Rebecca , Cordwell Stuart J , Wren Brendan W , Linton Dennis
Published: January 2018

N-linked protein glycosylation systems operate in species from all three domains of life. The model bacterial N-linked glycosylation system from Campylobacter jejuni is encoded by pgl genes present at a single chromosomal locus. This gene cluster includes the pglB oligosaccharyltransferase responsible for transfer of glycan from lipid carrier to protein. Although all genomes from species of the Campylobacter genus contain a pgl locus, among the related Helicobacter genus only three evolutionarily related species (H. pullorum, H. canadensis and H. winghamensis) potentially encode N-linked protein glycosylation systems. Helicobacter putative pgl genes are scattered in five chromosomal loci and include two putative oligosaccharyltransferase-encoding pglB genes per genome. We have previously demonstrated the in vitro N-linked glycosylation activity of H. pullorum resulting in transfer of a pentasaccharide to a peptide at asparagine within the sequon (D/E)XNXS/T. In this study, we identified the first H. pullorum N-linked glycoprotein, termed HgpA. Production of histidine-tagged HgpA in the background of insertional knockout mutants of H. pullorum pgl/wbp genes followed by analysis of HgpA glycan structures demonstrated the role of individual gene products in the PglB1-dependent N-linked protein glycosylation pathway. Glycopeptide purification by zwitterionic-hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry identified six glycosites from five H. pullorum proteins, which was consistent with proteins reactive with a polyclonal antiserum generated against glycosylated HgpA. This study demonstrates functioning of a H. pullorum N-linked general protein glycosylation system.
The magnetic early B-type stars I: magnetometry and rotation
Authors: Shultz M E , Wade G A , Rivinius Th , Neiner C , Alecian E , Bohlender D , Monin D , Sikora J ,   the MiMeS and BinaMIcS Collaborations
Published: January 2018

The rotational and magnetic properties of many magnetic hot stars are poorly characterized, therefore the Magnetism in Massive Stars and Binarity and Magnetic Interactions in various classes of Stars collaborations have collected extensive high-dispersion spectropolarimetric data sets of these targets. We present longitudinal magnetic field measurements 〈Bz〉 for 52 early B-type stars (B5–B0), with which we attempt to determine their rotational periods Prot. Supplemented with high-resolution spectroscopy, low-resolution Dominion Astrophysical Observatory circular spectropolarimetry, and archival Hipparcos photometry, we determined Prot for 10 stars, leaving only five stars for which Prot could not be determined. Rotational ephemerides for 14 stars were refined via comparison of new to historical magnetic measurements. The distribution of Prot is very similar to that observed for the cooler Ap/Bp stars. We also measured v sin i and vmac for all stars. Comparison to non-magnetic stars shows that v sin i is much lower for magnetic stars, an expected consequence of magnetic braking. We also find evidence that vmac is lower for magnetic stars. Least-squares deconvolution profiles extracted using single-element masks revealed widespread, systematic discrepancies in 〈Bz〉 between different elements: this effect is apparent only for chemically peculiar stars, suggesting it is a consequence of chemical spots. Sinusoidal fits to H line 〈Bz〉 measurements (which should be minimally affected by chemical spots), yielded evidence of surface magnetic fields more complex than simple dipoles in six stars for which this has not previously been reported; however, in all six cases, the second- and third-order amplitudes are small relative to the first-order (dipolar) amplitudes.
Gentiles
Authors: Donaldson Terence L.
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the place of Gentiles (i.e., non-Jews) in biblical tradition, biblical studies, and closely related fields. As a topic, “Gentiles” is not as clearly defined as some others within the field of biblical studies. Both as a term and as a category, it has tended to exist as a pervasive but under-examined aspect of the field as a whole, functioning as a constituent element of a number of topics within the field but without becoming itself the object of direct attention or sustained analysis. However, with increasing scholarly interest in matters of ethnicity, identity, and the social construction of reality, this is beginning to change. The roots of the English term go back to the distinctive Hebrew usage in which “nations” (especially gôyîm) was used to refer to the “non-Jewish nations,” all nations but the nation of Israel. In a later development, gôyîm and its Greek equivalent ethnē came to be used of individual non-Jews as well (“members of non-Jewish nations”), a sense that carries over to the New Testament and other early Christian literature. The topic, however, is not restricted to these specific terms. The binary category of “Israel” and “the nations”—and later of “Jews” and “Gentiles”—is woven deeply into the fabric of the biblical tradition from beginning to end, and it comes to expression in a variety of ways. While the scriptures of Israel (Hebrew Bible, “Old Testament”) deal centrally with a particular people, the relationship of that people and its God with all the (other) nations of the earth is constantly in view. And while the movement that eventually produced the New Testament originated as a messianic group within the Jewish side of the binary, a significant feature of its formative first century and a half was (initially) the inclusion of non-Jews as members and (eventually) the emergence of Gentile Christianity (in its various streams) as the dominant form(s) of the movement. Consequently, both the term “Gentiles” itself (gôyîm, ethnē) and the ethnic binary that it signified are inextricably linked with a wide array of topics pertaining to biblical literature, the human groups that produced and preserved it, and the larger social realities in which they were embedded. Within this wide array, this article focuses on topics and secondary literature in which Gentile themes and issues are particularly in the foreground.
CyberGIS
Authors: Shook Eric
Published: January 2018

CyberGIS is an emerging interdisciplinary field that combines cyberinfrastructure, geographic information science and systems (GIS), and spatial analysis and modeling to enable scientific discovery. Much like physical infrastructure such as highways and energy grids supported a 20th-century industrial economy, cyberinfrastructure is designed to support a 21st-century knowledge economy. Pioneering geographers and geographic information scientists (GIScientists) started to leverage the computational infrastructure made available through cyberinfrastructure to advance geographic research. CyberGIS emerged from these pioneering efforts. CyberGIS draws on and contributes to multiple science areas from geography and geographic information science to computer science and data-intensive science. Rather than just a more powerful computational platform, cyberGIS represents, in many respects, a new way of thinking about geospatial problems. By removing the computational bounds of a desktop computer, and subsequently desktop-based GIS software, scientists are free to explore new paradigms, use cutting-edge technologies to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and run complex simulations and analyses on big spatial data. Like any emerging field, cyberGIS is rooted in earlier scientific endeavors, but it has branched out by leveraging technological advancements to enable new scientific discoveries.
Estimating the Hospital Delivery Costs Associated With Severe Maternal Morbidity in New York City, 2008–2012
Authors: Howland Renata E. , Angley Meghan , Won Sang Hee , Wilcox Wendy , Searing Hannah , Tsao Tsu-Yu
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To quantify the average and total hospital delivery costs associated with severe maternal morbidity in excess of nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries over a 5-year period in New York City adjusting for other sociodemographic and clinical factors.

METHODS:

We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using linked birth certificates and hospital discharge data for New York City deliveries from 2008 to 2012. Severe maternal morbidity was defined using a published algorithm of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification disease and procedure codes. Hospital costs were estimated by converting hospital charges using factors specific to each year and hospital and to each diagnosis. These estimates approximate what it costs the hospital to provide services (excluding professional fees) and were used in all subsequent analyses. To estimate adjusted mean costs associated with severe maternal morbidity, we used multivariable regression models with a log link, gamma distribution, robust standard errors, and hospital fixed effects, controlling for age, race and ethnicity, neighborhood poverty, primary payer, number of deliveries, method of delivery, comorbidities, and year. We used the adjusted mean cost to determine the average and total hospital delivery costs associated with severe maternal morbidity in excess of nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries from 2008 to 2012.

RESULTS:

Approximately 2.3% (n=13,502) of all New York City delivery hospitalizations were complicated by severe maternal morbidity. Compared with nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries, these hospitalizations were clinically complicated, required more and intensive clinical services, and had a longer stay in the hospital. The average cost of delivery with severe maternal morbidity was $14,442 (95% CI $14,128–14,756), compared with $7,289 (95% CI $7,276–7,302) among deliveries without severe maternal morbidity. After adjusting for other factors, the difference between deliveries with and without severe maternal morbidity remained high ($6,126). Over 5 years, this difference resulted in approximately $83 million in total excess costs (13,502×$6,126).

CONCLUSION:

Severe maternal morbidity nearly doubled the cost of delivery above and beyond other drivers of cost, resulting in tens of millions of excess dollars spent in the health care system in New York City. These findings can be used to demonstrate the burden of severe maternal morbidity and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve maternal health.
Racial Disparities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Psychosocial Stress
Authors: Grobman William A. , Parker Corette B. , Willinger Marian , Wing Deborah A. , Silver Robert M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Parry Samuel , Mercer Brian M. , Haas David M. , Peaceman Alan M. , Hunter Shannon , Wadhwa Pathik , Elovitz Michal A. , Foroud Tatiana , Saade George , Reddy Uma M. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) Network*
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the relationships between self-reported psychosocial stress and preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and to assess the extent to which these relationships account for racial and ethnic disparities in these adverse outcomes.

METHODS:

Self-reported measures of psychosocial stress (perceived stress, depression, racism, anxiety, resilience, and social support) were collected during pregnancy among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of women enrolled in a prospective observational study of nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, from eight clinical sites across the United States, between October 2010 and May 2014. The associations of preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth with the self-reported measures of psychosocial stress as well as with race and ethnicity were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The study included 9,470 women (60.4% non-Hispanic white, 13.8% non-Hispanic black, 16.7% Hispanic, 4.0% Asian, and 5.0% other). Non-Hispanic black women were significantly more likely to experience any preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth than were non-Hispanic white women (12.2% vs 8.0%, 16.7% vs 13.4%, and 17.2% vs 8.6%, respectively; P<.05 for all). After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, including the six different psychosocial factors singly and in combination, non-Hispanic black women continued to be at greater risk of any preterm birth and SGA birth compared with non-Hispanic white women.

CONCLUSION:

Among a large and geographically diverse cohort of nulliparous women with singleton gestations, non-Hispanic black women are most likely to experience preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth. These disparities were not materially altered for preterm birth or SGA birth by adjustment for demographic differences and did not appear to be explained by differences in self-reported psychosocial factors.
Association of Pharmacologic Treatment of Urgency Urinary Incontinence With Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: Warsi Qurratul A. , Huang Alison J. , Hess Rachel , Arya Lily A. , Richter Holly E. , Bradley Catherine S. , Rogers Rebecca G. , Myers Deborah L. , Johnson Karen C. , Winkelman William D. , Gregory W. Thomas , Kraus Stephen R. , Schembri Michael , Brown Jeanette S. , Stone Katie L. , Subak Leslee L.
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the association between pharmacologic therapy for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and sleep quality.

METHODS:

We conducted a planned secondary data analysis of sleep outcomes in a previously conducted multicenter, double-blind, 12-week randomized trial of pharmacologic therapy for urgency-predominant incontinence among community-dwelling women self-diagnosed using the 3-Incontinence Questions questionnaire. Participants (N=645) were assigned randomly to 4–8 mg antimuscarinic therapy daily or placebo. At baseline and 12 weeks, participants completed a validated voiding diary to evaluate incontinence and voiding symptoms, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to evaluate daytime sleepiness.

RESULTS:

Mean (SD) age was 56 (±14) years, 68% were white, and 57% had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score greater than 5). Mean frequency of any urinary incontinence and UUI was 4.6 and 3.9 episodes/d, respectively. After 12 weeks, women randomized to the antimuscarinic group reported greater decrease compared with the placebo group in UUI frequency (0.9 episodes/d; P<.001) and diurnal and nocturnal voiding frequency (P<.05). As compared with the placebo group, women in the antimuscarinic group also reported greater improvement in sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score 0.48; P=.02) with greater improvement in sleep duration and sleep efficiency subscales (P<.05). The intervention did not affect daytime sleepiness.

CONCLUSION:

Pharmacologic treatment of UUI is associated with decreased incontinence frequency and nocturia and improvement in overall sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00862745.