bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of lactoferrin on the epigenetic characteristics of mammalian cells of different types
Authors: Sharrouf Kinda Ali , Suchkova Irina O.
Published: June 2021

Despite the huge amount of accumulated data, the study of the main mechanisms of interaction between proteins and epigenetic mechanisms in health and various pathologies remains one of the most important problems of molecular biology. The search for various endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the epigenome of eukaryotes continues to be relevant. Lactoferrin is the second most abundant milk protein and has proven to be a very promising anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and anti-cancer agent. This protein can act as a transcription factor regulating the expression of some genes. However, little attention has been paid to the use of lactoferrin as an epigenetic modulating factor. This review demonstrates that lactoferrin can directly and/or indirectly influence epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin compaction, and microRNA pathways) in different types of cells, in particular cancer cells.
SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1: baseline characteristics presentation
Authors: Bunenkov Nikolay S. , Komok Vladimir V. , Grudinin Nikita V. , Bobylkov Vasiliy A. , Bunenkova Gulnara F. , Grinenko Oleg A. , Nemkov Aleksandr S.
Published: June 2021

Objective: to develop algorithm of presentation of baseline characteristics of patients which enrolled in prospective non-randomized clinical trial AMIRI CABG (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03050489).
Materials and methods. Data collection was performed according to prospective non-randomized clinical trial AMIRI CABG in Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russia between 2016-2019 years with 336 patients. Patients were allocated into three groups of treatment. There is database with clinical, laboratory and instrumental data. Comparison for nominal data (gender and incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke) were calculated with SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 software with Chi-squared test and exact Fisher test. Baseline characteristics were presented in table.
Results. There was developed algorithm of baseline characteristics presentation in APA-table.
Conclusion. There was developed algorithm of baseline characteristics presentation SAS Enterprise Guide 6.1 could be useful for manuscript preparing for Russian and foreign journal.
Interpretasi Konsep Interior pada Tiga Ruang Museum House of Sampoerna Surabaya Berdasarkan Visualisasi Ruangan
Authors: Oktiara Rania Erin , Lilik Indrawati  , Anggriani Swastika Dhesti
Published: June 2021

Abstract: A museum is an institution that collects and looks after historical objects to showcase and function them as educational media for the public. The realization of those functions depends on the interior concept through visualization in each room. One museum that is particularly attractive to the researcher to analyze is Surabaya House of Sampoerna Museum. This museum is recorded to be one of Surabaya’s cultural heritage buildings. It displays the history of the establishment and the development of Sampoerna company thematically in each room in the building, therefore, there are different themes even in one room. The implementation of the mentioned visualization concept has become the basis of interpretation for the researcher with the focus on room visualization. House of Sampoerna Museum consists of five showcase rooms; however, this research only interprets three rooms that do not undergo significant alteration since 2018. The three rooms are referred to as room 1, room 2, room 3. The data collection methods of this research are observation, interview, and document analysis that involves the researcher’s interpretation. Based on the results of this research, the interior concepts of room 1, room 2, and room 3 have been discovered.

Keywords: concept, interior, museum, House of Sampoerna, visualization

Abstrak: Museum merupakan lembaga yang mengumpulkan dan merawat benda-benda yang memiliki nilai sejarah untuk dipamerkan dan difungsikan sebagai sarana edukasi kepada masyarakat umum. Penyampaian fungsi tersebut dipengaruhi oleh konsep interior melalui visualisasi pada setiap ruangannya. Salah satu museum yang menarik peneliti untuk menginterpretasi penerapan konsepnya yaitu Museum House of Sampoerna Surabaya. Museum ini tercatat sebagai salah satu bangunan cagar budaya di Kota Surabaya. Museum ini menampilkan sejarah pendirian dan berkembangnya perusahaan Sampoerna yang bersifat tematik pada masing-masing ruangannya, sehingga terdapat tema yang berbeda-beda meskipun masih dalam satu ruangan. Adanya penerapan visualisasi tersebut yang melandasi tujuan penelitian ini untuk menginterpretasi konsep interior yang diterapkan berdasarkan visualisasi ruangannya. Museum House of Sampoerna terdiri atas 5 ruang pamer, akan tetapi pada penelitian ini hanya menginterpretasi 3 ruang pamer yang tidak mengalami perubahan interior secara signifikan sejak tahun 2018, yang disebutkan sebagai ruang 1, ruang 2, ruang 3. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara, serta analisis dokumen yang melibatkan interpretasi peneliti. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat diketahui konsep interior yang diterapkan pada ruang 1, ruang 2, dan ruang 3. 

Kata kunci: konsep, interior, museum, House of Sampoerna, visualisasi
An Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Writing Recount Texts by the Tenth Graders
Authors: Amelia Bella Rizky , Rachmajanti Sri , Anugerahwati Mirjam
Published: June 2021

Abstract: This study was conducted to analyze the grammatical errors in writing recount texts by the tenth graders. A table analysis and a questionnaire were being used in this study. The data was analyzed based on the surface strategy taxonomy that was adapted from Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). The errors were classified into four categories; omission, addition, misformation, and misordering. The subject was 24 students. This study used a qualitative method which was a descriptive analysis. There were some instruments in this study; the writing task, the table of analysis, the questionnaire and the scoring formula. The result of this study shows that the students still made grammatical errors in writing the recount text. There are 447 errors in the students' writing. Misformation error becomes the most common error with a frequency 190 errors (42.5). Then, it was followed by 162 omission errors (36.3%), 86 addition errors (19.2%), 9 misordering errors (2.0%). The questionnaire findings indicate that most students did not understand how to apply the grammar rules in their writings and teachers need to give more explanation how to apply the grammar rules in writing.

Keywords: grammatical errors, recount text, tenth graders

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesalahan tata bahasa dalam penulisan teks recount oleh siswa kelas 10. Penelitian ini menggunakan tabel analisis dan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan berdasarkan surface strategy taxonomy yang dikemukakan oleh Dulay, Burt, and Krashen (1982). Kesalahan-kesalahan yang ada dibagi menjadi empat kategori; omission, addition, misformation, dan misordering. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 24 siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif, lebih tepatnya analisis deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan antara lain; tugas menulis, tabel analisis, kuesioner, dan rumus skoring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa masih membuat kesalahan dalam menulis teks recount. Terdapat 477 kesalahan dalam tulisan siswa. Kesalahan misformation menjadi kesalahan yang paling umum dengan frekuensi sebanyak 190 kesalahan (42,5%), diikuti oleh kesalahan omission sebanyak 162 (36,3%), kesalahan addition sebanyak 86 (19,2%), dan kesalahan misordering sebanyak 9 (2,0%). Menurut kuesioner, kesalahan ini masih terjadi karena kebanyakan siswa masih bingung mengenai penerapan tata bahasa dalam tulisan mereka. Oleh sebab itu, guru dianjurkan untuk menjelaskan lebih jauh mengenai cara penerapan tata bahasa dalam menulis.

Kata kunci: grammatical errors, recount text, siswa kelas X
The discovery and clinical significance of Ilizarov’s second principle of biology (the “Harbin phenomenon” of bone transport)
Authors:   Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, Chen W. ,   International Joint Laboratory on Regeneration of Bone and Soft Tissues, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China, Qu L. ,   731th Hospital of Chinese Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation, Beijing, China
Published: June 2021

The understanding of Ilizarov’s biological principles is guiding clinical treatment. Ilizarov’s First Principle of Biology, Distraction Histogenesis, is a fundamental guidance for bone lengthening. The “Harbin Phenomenon” is an extension of “Transformation Histogenesis”, which was discovered by bone transport for bone defects treatment. It describes the transformation and regeneration capacities of scar tissues under slow and rhythmic distraction, and this transformation satisfies the morphological and functional requirements. This principle is a supplement to the first principle, and could be Ilizarov’s Second Principle of Biology. Together they form the basis to guide clinical bone transport treatment.
To the history of the method of transosseous osteosynthesis in the Middle Urals
Authors:   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation, Kutepov S.M. , Gulnazarova S.V. ,   Ural State Medical University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Published: June 2021

Background The article reviews the history of the study, development and application of the method of transosseous osteosynthesis in the Middle Urals. G.A. Ilizarov first presented his device and the results of its use in fracture repair at a meeting of the Trauma and Orthopedic Scientific Society in Sverdlovsk in December 1952. The report was met with great interest. Prof. F.R. Bogdanov invited him to conduct research on bone regeneration during compression osteosynthesis at the Ural Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics. The work initiated by G.A. Ilizarov and V.I. Stetsula gave rise to a large and longterm research on transosseous osteosynthesis at the Institute. The study focused on regeneration of bone, muscles, blood vessels and nerves, development and justification of compression-distraction osteosynthesis in fractures, limb shortening, nonunions, bone deformities, severe injuries to the pelvis, spine and spinal cord. Basic research was conducted to explore the role of the blood system and immune reactions involved in bone formation during limb lengthening. Material and methods Databases of scientific works and technical solutions registered with authorship certificates and patents of the USSR and the Russian Federation by fellow workers of the VOSKHITO, SNIITO, the Ural Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics, the holdings of the Institute's scientific archive facility were used for the article. The search depth is 68 years. Results The Ural V.D. Chaklin Research Institute for Trauma and Orthopaedics has been studying and using the method of G.A. Ilizarov for many years and has made a significant contribution through theoretical rationale, development of new technologies of transosseous osteosynthesis, introduction and spread of the techniques over the vast territory of the Middle Urals and neighboring regions. Conclusion Despite the fact that in the recent years, transosseous osteosynthesis has to a certain extent been replaced in Russia by modern techniques with constructs of internal osteosynthesis, but there is no alternative to the method of G.A. Ilizarov in the treatment of gunshot wounds, open fractures, polytrauma, extensive bone defects, achondroplasia and many other disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
The analysis report of surgical treatment of limb deformity and disability: 35,075 cases
Authors:   School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China, Zang J. ,   Qinsihe Orthopedic Institute, Beijing, China, Qin S. ,   Rehabilitation Hospital of the National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Rehabilitation Technology of the Ministry of Civil Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Technical Aids for Old-Age Disability, Beijing, China,   Qinsihe Orthopedic Institute, Beijing, China
Published: June 2021

Objective To investigate the incidence characteristics and corrective strategies of various limb deformities treated by Qinsihe orthopaedic team in the past 40 years, so as to provide a large sample for understanding the causes, types and treatment methods of limb deformity and disability in China. Method A total of 35,075 cases were treated by Qinsihe orthopaedic team from May 1978 to December 2018. The age, gender, deformity characteristics, etiological and pathological composition, regional distribution and surgical methods of the patients were statistically analyzed. Results There were 20,458 males and 14,617 females. The age was 1 year to 82 years old, average 20.5 years. The majority of subjects were from 11 to 25 years old or 19,363 cases (63 %). There were 33,259 cases (94.82 %) of interventions on lower extremity. The geographical distribution of patients covers all the provinces, municipalities directly under the central government, autonomous regions in China and 12 foreign countries. There were 202 etiologies involving neurological, heredity, metabolism, traumatic sequelae, congenital, vascular, lymphoid, skin, endocrine, iatrogenic and so on. The top six deformities were due to poliomyelitis sequelae, cerebral palsy, traumatic sequelae, spondylolysis sequelae, genu varus&valgus, congenital talipes equinovarus. There were 280 kinds of surgical methods, the majority of which were Achilles tendon lengthening, supracondylar osteotomy, subtalar joint arthrodesis, tibiofibular osteotomy, metatarsal aponeurosis and Achilles tendon replacement of peroneal longus muscle, etc. 8,702 cases were treated by orthopedic surgery combined with external fixation, including the Ilizarov fixator in 3,696 cases and hybrid fixator in 5,006 cases. Conclusion Qinsihe orthopaedic database with a history of 40 years is the largest one of limb deformity and disability in China. It reflects the etiology, type, population characteristics, surgical methods and strategy of limb disability and deformity, which can be treated by orthopaedic surgery. The data is a great treasure for orthopaedics and disability medicine in China and worldwide, and its important academic value and historical significance need to be further excavated and deep studied in future.
Weight discrimination: Are colleges preparing their graduates for successful employment and careers?
Authors: Wilson Oliver W. A. , Bopp Melissa
Published: June 2021

Background: Colleges are uniquely positioned to influence both the short and long-term health and well-being of students through implementation of interventions to prevent and/or treat obesity among students; and have a vested interest given obesity has the potential to impact students' matriculation, graduation, and career prospects.Aim: To illustrate the essential roles of colleges to influence obesity prevention and treatment given the potential to influence the students' matriculation, graduation, and career prospects.Methods: The discussion begins with an overview of the prevalence and societal implications of obesity. Next the implications for higher education with respect to matriculation and graduation, the influence of higher education on lifestyle behaviors, and the influence of obesity on academic performance. This is followed by the influence of obesity on students' post-higher education lives, including potential discrimination when seeking employment, and the impact that the nature of the jobs that graduates attain may have on their health and well-being.Results: There exists a great need to reduce the prevalence of obesity and colleges are well positioned to provide leadership and direction.Conclusions: Implications for colleges are set forth, with ways in which they can play a role in promoting student health detailed.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to IL-6 in patients with severe COVID-19
Authors: Bobkova S. S. , Tyurin I. N. , Troshchansky D. V. , Avdeikin S. N. , Protsenko D. N.
Published: June 2021

The use of monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors is considered as a potential method of treatment and prevention of complications of the new coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19), based on reducing the intensity of the cytokine storm. The aim. To assess the relationship between the use of IL-6 blockers and the risk of tracheal intubation in patients with severe pneumonia associated with COVID-19. Methods. The retrospective cohort study included patients over 18 years of age admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with confirmed COVID-19 infection, lung tissue damage of at least 25% between November 4, 2020 and December 25, 2020. All patients underwent standard therapy in accordance with the current recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, including IL-6 blockers in some patients. The primary endpoint was tracheal intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV). Data on the use of IL-6 inhibitors, baseline demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as information on tracheal intubation, fatal outcomes and length of hospitalization were obtained from the unified medical information and analytical system of the city of Moscow. To analyze the relationship between the use of IL-6 blockers and endpoints adjusted for baseline characteristics, a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used. Results. The study included 242 patients, in 120 (49.5%) of them IL-6 blockers were used. The independent predictors of tracheal intubation were the degree of lung tissue damage, ferritin and diabetes, while the use of IL-6 blockers was not associated with a decrease in the risk of intubation: hazard ratio (HR) 0.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63 – 1.48) and death: HR 1.05 (95% CI 0.69 – 1.62). Subgroup analysis showed that, among surviving patients, the use of IL-6 blockers was associated with an average decrease in hospital stay by 3 days (95% CI 1 – 6 days). Conclusion. The use of IL-6 blockers was not associated with a decrease in the risk of tracheal intubation or death. Among surviving patients, the use of IL-6 blockers was associated with a decrease in the length of hospital stay. These findings may contribute to medical decision making during COVID-19 pandemic associated high hospital workload.
Management of severe asthma: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline
Authors: Holguin F. , Cardet J. C. , Chung K. F. , Diver S. , Ferreira D. S. , Fitzpatrick A. , Gaga M. , Kellermeyer L. , Khurana S. , Knight S. , McDonald V. M. , Morgan R. L. , Ortega V. E. , Rigau D. , Subbarao P. , Tonia T. , Adcock I. M. , Bleecker E. R. , Brightling C. , Boulet L. P. , Cabana M. , Castro M. , Chanez P. , Custovic A. , Djukanovic R. , Frey U. , Frankemölle B. , Gibson P. , Hamerlijnck D. , Jarjour N. , Konno S. , Shen H. , Vitary C. , Bush A.
Published: June 2021

This document provides clinical recommendations for the management of severe asthma. Comprehensive evidence syntheses, including metaanalyses, were performed to summarise all available evidence relevant to the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society Task Force’s questions. The evidence was appraised using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach and the results were summarised in evidence profiles. The evidence syntheses were discussed and recommendations formulated by a multidisciplinary Task Force of asthma experts, who made specific recommendations on six specific questions. After considering the balance of desirable and undesirable consequences, quality of evidence, feasibility, and acceptability of various interventions, the Task Force made the following recommendations:

• suggest using anti-interleukin (IL)-5 and anti-IL-5 receptor α for severe uncontrolled adult eosinophilic asthma phenotypes;• suggest using a blood eosinophil cut-point ≥150 μL−1 to guide anti-IL-5 initiation in adult patients with severe asthma;• suggest considering specific eosinophil (≥260 μL−1) and exhaled nitric oxide fraction (≥19.5 ppb) cut-offs to identify adolescents or adults with the greatest likelihood of response to anti-IgE therapy;• suggest using inhaled tiotropium for adolescents and adults with severe uncontrolled asthma despite Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) step 4 – 5 or National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP) step 5 therapies;• suggest a trial of chronic macrolide therapy to reduce asthma exacerbations in persistently symptomatic or uncontrolled patients on GINA step 5 or NAEPP step 5 therapies, irrespective of asthma phenotype;• suggest using anti-IL-4/13 for adult patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and for those with severe corticosteroid-dependent asthma regardless of blood eosinophil levels.

These recommendations should be reconsidered as new evidence becomes available.
New triple combination of beclomethasone dipropionate, glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Trushenko N. V.
Published: June 2021

Therapeutical options for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have significantly expanded in recent years, primarily due to market entry of new combination drugs. One of the commonly used therapeutic options for patients with frequent exacerbations of COPD is a triple combination, including LABA, LAMA and ICS, however, prescribing such therapy, doctors often face a decrease in treatment adherence, which ultimately leads to lack of effectiveness, as well as with an increased risk of adverse events. This article presents the current information on the clinical efficacy and safety profile of a fixed triple combination of beclomethasone dipropionate, glycopyrronium bromide and formoterol fumarate, available as extrafine aerosol inhaler, allows to optimize inhalation treatment for patients with frequent exacerbations of COPD.
Challenges in the differential diagnosis of primary diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the lung
Authors: Chernichenko N. V. , Lagkueva I. Dzh. , Murzin Ya. Yu. , Kotlyarov P. M. , Bliznyukov O. P. , Solodkiy V. A.
Published: June 2021

The described clinical case shows the challenges in the differential diagnosis of primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the lung. It has been shown that the diagnosis can be made only by a morphological examination of a biopsy specimen, and the specimen should be representative and allow for full histological and immunohistochemical testing. A correct diagnostic algorithm, an interdisciplinary approach, the use of new technologies, particularly radiation imaging methods, to reliably determine the primary localization and spread of the pathological process, biopsies for the morphological confirmation shorten the time to diagnosis. A quick diagnosis improves the treatment outcomes and affects the quality of life and life expectancy of patients.
The Balakrishnan-Alpha-Beta-Skew-Normal Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Shah Sricharan , Hazarika Partha Jyoti , Chakraborty Subrata , Ali M. Masoom
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a new form of alpha-beta-skew distribution is proposed under Balakrishnan (2002) mechanism and investigated some of its related distributions. The most important feature of this new distribution is that it is versatile enough to support both unimodal and bimodal as well as multimodal behaviors of the distribution. The moments, distributional properties and some extensions of the proposed distribution have also been studied.  Finally, the suitability of the proposed distribution has been tested by conducting data fitting experiment and comparing the values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) with the values of some other related distributions. Likelihood Ratio testis used for discriminating between normal and the proposed distributions.
О ПРАВОВОЙ ПРИРОДЕ БЮДЖЕТНОГО ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Васянина Елена
Published: June 2021

Вопросы оптимизации бюджетных расходов целевого и эффективного использования бюджетных средств всегда являются предметом острых политических дискуссий и научных исследований. Это обусловлено тем, что система государственного управления не может существовать без финансирования1 , поскольку «управлять страной — это значит производить расходы»2 .
Optimal placement of multiple DGs in radial distribution systems to minimize power loss using BSA
Authors: FADEL Waleed , KILIÇ Ulaş , TAŞKIN Sezai
Published: June 2021

: Distributed generation (DG) sources are becoming more important in electrical networks due to the increase of electrical energy demands. However, DG sources can have a profound effect on network power loss. Hence, optimal placement and size of DGs are extremely important. This study presents a backtracking search algorithm (BSA) based on optimal placement and size of multiple DGs within distribution systems so to reduce power loss. The BSA is a new heuristic algorithm. Two main DGs, photovoltaic and synchronous compensator, were used in the selected systems. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results obtained by BSA are compared with a genetic algorithm (GA) as well as other results in the literature.
Fenoxycarb Effects 7th instar Galleria mellonella Larvae by Triggering Extra Larval Stages
Authors: POYRAZ TINARTAŞ Esen , GÖNCÜ Ebru , KOÇ Kamil
Published: June 2021

Insect growth regulators are specific chemicals with hormonal effects on insects and these types of chemicals target to reduce the nonspecific effects of pesticides on nature and living things. In this study, we investigated the effects of one of the insect growth regulators, fenoxycarb which mimics the juvenile hormone action, on the growth of a harmful lepidopteran species Galleria mellonella, and it’s some developmental parameters. For this purpose, fenoxycarb was applied on day 0 of 7th instar larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. The treatment with 100 ng fenoxycarb had no developmental effect on Galleria mellonella larvae. The treatment with relatively high doses of fenoxycarb on day 0 induced the supernumerary larvae formation of 99% and larvae which molted extra larval instar formed healthy pupae in the ratio of 98-99%. Consequently, the effects of fenoxycarb on Galleria mellonella larvae occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Although fenoxycarb is a potent insect growth regulator, late Galleria mellonella larvae are not susceptible to this chemical, unlike some other Lepidopter insect species.
Comparison of Cellular Autofluorescence Patterns of Two Model Microalgae by Flow Cytometry
Authors: UZUNER Uğur
Published: June 2021

Mikroalgler, biyoteknolojik araştırmalarda, özellikle antioksidanlar, sekonder metabolitler, pigmentler, karbohidratlar, proteinler ve lipitler gibi biyokimyasal bileşiklerin üretilmesinde yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Hem deneysel hem de üretim süreçlerinde mikroalglerin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılabilecek çeşitli yöntemlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu yöntemlerden biri olarak akım sitometrisi, mikroalg hücrelerinde nötral ve polar lipit miktarlarının kantifikasyonu ve hücresel morfolojinin saptanmasında kullanılan avantajlı bir seçenektir. Analiz sürecinde etiketleme protokolünü planlamak için hücrelerin otofloresan özelliklerinin hesaba katılması büyük önem taşır. Çünkü otofloresan miktarı, spesifik olarak işaretlenen protein veya lipitlerin floresan sinyali ile çakışabileceğinden, bu moleküllerin tespitini engelleyebilir. Bu durum, hücreler içindeki etiketli bileşiklerin miktarının yanlış anlaşılmasına neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel önemdeki iki tatlı su mikroalg ümodeli Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CC-124) ve Chlorella vulgaris’in (CV-898) otofloresan özellikleri akım sitometrisi ölçümleri üzerinden incelenmiştir. Deneysel bulgular, floresan kanal-2'nin, hem (FL2-H) CC-124 hem de CV-898 mikroalg suşlarının minimum otofloresanını elde etmek için en uygun kanal olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ayrıca florofora karar verirken biyolojik ürünlerin akış sitometrisine dayalı tespiti sırasında CC-124 ve CV-898 hücre hatlarındaki otofloresans sinyallerine dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini ileri sürdü.
In vitro Micropropagation of Duckweed (Lemna minor L) Plant with Temporary Immersion System Bioreactors
Authors: ERGÖNÜL Zehra , SIDAL Uğur
Published: June 2021

Which is very rich in protein in plant Lemna minor L. abundant in Turkey ecologically plays a very important role in protecting the elimination of water pollution and aquaculture environment balance. In this study, in vitro propagation of this plant with Temporary Immersion System Bioreactor and determination of the effects of used plant growth regulators on the protein content of the plant were aimed. With this objective different variant of media with and without sucrose, varying pH and concentrations of BAP, kinetin, TDZ in medium were analyzed. Experiments for micropropagation were performed for 8 hours in the dark and 16 hours in white fluorescent light (150 µ mol photons m-2s-1) under photoperiod and at 24 ± 1 ° C. The highest plant growth was observed at pH 7.23 in sugar free liquid MS medium containing 0.2 mg/L BAP. 50.44 plants per explant were recorded in this medium. In addition, the maximum number of plants per explant in liquid MS medium containing 0.05 mg/L kinetin was calculated as 57,823 and the maximum number of plants per explant in liquid MS medium containing 0.6 mg/L TDZ was calculated as 50.74. As a result of nitrogen determination studies with Kjeldahl method, the protein value of the plant was determined as 25.5%. As a result of hormone application, it was seen that protein content in plant increased to 29.18% with 0.5 mg/L BAP. It was concluded that the aim of the study were fulfilled and positive effects of Temporary Immersion System Bioreactors on plant multiplication were found.
Arabic Across the Curriculum in a Bilingual Gulf University
Authors: Hedaiat Nagwa
Published: June 2021

Arabic Across the Curriculum is a broad language support program at Zayed University in the UAE, which has stimulated discussion on several issues concerning Arabic language support in the Arab world in general and in the Gulf area in particular. These issues can be summed up in the following questions: Why do we need to teach Arabic to native Arabic-speaking students? How will Arabic language proficiency help students in their academic and future careers? Which Arabic language skills should we teach native speakers in higher education, and how? What means of assessment and what criteria might be helpful to Arabic programs and instructors?
Blended Learning for Emirati Women
Authors: Radecki William
Published: June 2021

This paper describes a blended learning course for Emirati women combining face-to-face instruction with heavy use of distance learning technologies such as videoconferencing, email and a “virtual classroom”. Instructors conducted action research in order to 1) improve course design and teaching methods, 2) share distance teaching insights with colleagues, and 3) advise institutional authorities on IT resource management. Results of the study are presented, and conclusions about the suitability and efficacy of distance learning for Emirati women are offered.
Overcoming Language Barriers in Content-Area Instruction
Authors: Ashcraft Nikki
Published: June 2021

As new English-medium universities open their doors in the Arabian Gulf andsome Arabic-medium universities switch to using English as the language ofinstruction, instructors in all disciplines face the challenge of teaching theircourses in English to students who have learned (and who are continuing tolearn) English as a foreign language. This article reviews theories and practicesfrom the field of Applied Linguistics and Teaching English as a SecondLanguage (TESOL) which can help content-area instructors understand andreach these learners.

Second language acquisition research has produced several concepts ofinterest to content-area instructors. Krashen’s theory of comprehensible inputfocuses on the language used by the instructor, while Swain’s of comprehensibleoutput emphasizes providing opportunities for students to produce language. Cummins differentiates between two types of language proficiency: BasicInterpersonal Communication Skills (BICS), which are needed for dailyinteractions, and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP), which isrequired for academic tasks. Interlanguage and first language interference mayalso influence students’ second language production in classroom settings.

Specific classroom practices for improving students’ language comprehensionand facilitating content learning are recommended. These include modifyingspeech, using visual aids, utilizing a variety of questioning techniques, andextending the time instructors wait for students to respond. Instructors canemploy strategies, such as mind-mapping and quickwriting, to activate students’linguistic and conceptual schemata at the beginning of a lesson. Scaffoldingprovides structure and support for students to complete tasks until they are ableto realize them on their own. Collaborative/cooperative learning lowers students’affective filters and offers opportunities for participation and language practice. Graphics illustrate some of the suggested practices.
Teacher and Student Attitudes to IELTS Writing Tasks: Positive or Negative Washback?
Authors: Lewthwaite Malcolm David
Published: June 2021

The International English Language Teaching System (IELTS) examination in Academic English includes two writing tasks: summarizing information from a graph or chart, and writing a short essay to support a position on an issue of opinion. The aim of this small-scale exploratory survey was to find out from teachers and students their attitudes towards the usefulness of, and preparation for, the two IELTS writing tasks. ‘Usefulness’ and ‘impact/washback’ are components of test validity, thus eliciting responses (via questionnaires) from 2 major stakeholders (teachers n=17, students n=36) in this high-stakes benchmark exam would provide information about perceptions of validity. The results indicate that both IELTS task one and task two are perceived by teachers and students as having a positive effect on class-based writing skills and bearing a reasonable relationship with skills needed at faculty level. Lack of usefulness was reported mainly by students in the Sharia and Law and Business faculties.
E-portfolios: Using Technology to Enhance and Assess Educational Technology Outcomes
Authors: Shana Zuhrieh
Published: June 2021

The shift from paper portfolios to e-portfolios has arrived in educational institutions worldwide. This study investigates e-portfolio systems as a means of improving performance-centered assessment, enriching students’ learning experiences and documenting the students’ progress and achievements. The current study reveals the experience of implementing a course-level framework for e-portfolios and an approach taken in initiating student electronic portfolios in the Department of Educational Technology (DET) at Ajman University of Science and Technology, UAE. Data was obtained in several ways, including Likert scale responses and interviews with the participants; students’ journals and final reports; notes from the Practicum site supervisor and the DET lab technician; and analysis of the electronic portfolio product. The work and responses of the Practicum students were compared for three consecutive Practicum classes. Analysis of the results showed that developing formative and summative portfolios fluctuated extensively between the three Practicum classes of DET graduates, as did the outcomes. In spite of this fact, the findings suggested that the use of e-portfolios could serve as an influential learning and assessment tool when driven by a clear understanding of the desired outcome and the specific skills to be assessed, and when sufficiently mentored, peer-reviewed, and based on sensible principles.
Material matters: The case for English for Academic Purposes as subject matter of university language courses
Authors: Brandt Caroline
Published: June 2021

This study investigated undergraduate preparation of English as a Second Language (ESL) students through English for Academic Purposes courses, in relation to recipient subject lecturers’ expectations. Qualitative data were gathered from 36 faculty teaching ESL undergraduates in nine countries. A two-phase approach included seeking discursive responses to questionnaires from faculty and information about curricula. Outcomes highlighted difficulties with material selection for EAP tutors. Tutors chose between ‘general interest’ or ‘discipline-specific’ material, but reported that the former could lead to oversimplification or discipline irrelevance, while the latter usually requires some specialized subject knowledge which may be beyond tutors’ remit. Addressing this, it is suggested that articles about EAP-related topics can form the subject matter of EAP courses with significant benefits. In particular, they can simultaneously provide students with models of academic writing, while the content reinforces skills needed for successful study.
Improving IT education through leadership development
Authors: Lahkim Mohammed B. , Skulmoski Gregory J. , Bruhn Russel E.
Published: June 2021

This paper investigates the integration of leadership training into IT curricula to develop current and future skills needed by the IT job market. The technical and non-technical skills required for IT professionals are presented and a conceptual model for including leadership training in technical courses is outlined. To implement this model, we adopted the Problem-Based Learning approach to teach an IT course. Qualitative and quantitative data were gathered, through a survey, from 52 undergraduate students in the College of Information Technology at Zayed University. Our results show that our adopted approach was successful in teaching IT skills as well as developing leadership skills. Given these findings, we highlight the importance and feasibility of integrating leadership development on a daily basis within technical courses to develop both the technical and non technical skills required by the job market.
Self-Assessment in Academic Writing: A UAE Case Study
Authors: Litz David
Published: June 2021

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between student ratings and teacher ratings on a university-level writing assignment in order to investigate the extent to which students have the ability and wherewithal to accurately and reliably assess themselves on a finished writing product. The Pearson Product Moment coefficient was used to determine whether or not there was a statistical correlation between student scores and teacher scores while the Intra-Class Coefficient and Spearman Brown Prophecy formula were used to determine the degree of agreement between raters as well as amongst all of the raters for an average reliability score. In this case the results were very promising as it was found that student and teacher scores correlated very highly and demonstrated a strong degree of agreement. This suggests that self assessment may be used to assist students in this particular context to better understand the conventions of English writing and ultimately improve their overall writing ability.
Awareness and perceptions of available Major programs by first year Zayed University students
Authors: Gallacher David J. , Skuba Angela , Al-Bahri Roudha
Published: June 2021

In recent years there has been a large increase of Higher education options in the United Arab Emirates. Emirati school leavers must choose among newly established institutions that provide unproven qualifications, at the same time as their society undergoes a rapid transformation. Online surveys were administered to female Emirati students in the first (n = 407) and second (n = 188) semester of the Zayed University general education program, to investigate entering student awareness and perceptions of the seven majors available. Respondents indicated they were motivated by a desire to learn, and had selected their institution for its high academic standards. Half thought they had already decided their major, and while most felt they had made the decision themselves, they were influenced mostly by their immediate family members. Business was ranked highest for potential salary and job availability, and was second only to International Studies for potential social status. All other majors effectively compete with Business for students. Student awareness of Health Sciences and International Studies lagged behind other majors, indicating a need for promotion and/or rebranding. Respondents expressed a clear desire for the introduction of Engineering, Medicine and Law to the course offerings.
O ethos wikipedista como modo de combate à desinformação
Authors: Costa Pedro Rodrigues
Published: June 2021

Este artigo debate a questão da neutralidade na produção e edição de verbetes na Wikipédia, bem como as proximidades existentes entre um ethos cientista e um ethos wikipedista. Durante esta discussão, lançam-se pistas para explicar o sucesso desta plataforma no combate à desinformação, às fake news e ao problema da pós-verdade. Discutem-se ainda as principais críticas e virtudes no que concerne à confiabilidade desta enciclopédia digital, refletindo depois sobre a importância de se pensar em modelos para se levar por diante o combate aos desafios da desinformação. No final, debate-se sobre a possibilidade de introdução de boas práticas wikipedistas nos processos de construção e difusão informativa e noticiosa, nomeadamente com a proposta de um regime noticioso colaborativo semi-aberto
REVIEW OF THE VOLUME ”SOLUȚIONAREA DIPLOMATICĂ A DIFERENDELOR ÎN DREPTUL INTERNAȚIONAL FLUVIAL” [DIPLOMATIC SETTLEMENT OF DISPUTES IN INTERNATIONAL RIVER LAW], AUTHOR: DAN ALEXANDRU GUNĂ, LUMEN PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2019
Authors:   ", FLOREA Dumitrita ,   Stefan cel Mare",   University of Suceava, Romania
Published: June 2021

Browsing through the pages of Dan Alexandru Gună's book, " Soluționarea diplomatică a diferendelor în dreptul internațional fluvial" [Diplomatic Settlement of Disputes in International River Law], the words "beatus, qui prodest, quibus potest" came to my mind (”blessed is the one who becomes useful through the help given”). In these few simple words I could describe this paper, which turns out to be a thorough research of the fundamental principle of public international law, namely the peaceful settlement of international disputes.
REVIEW OF THE VOLUME ”HOMO HODIE. CONCEPTELE CARE NE CONTROLEAZĂ DE SECOLE” [HOMO HODIE. CONCEPTS THAT HAVE CONTROLLED US FOR CENTURIES], AUTHOR: DRAGOȘ OBREJA, LUMEN PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2019
Authors: MILEA Adriana Laura
Published: June 2021

Dragoș Obreja is a graduate of the Faculty of Sociology and Social Work of the University of Bucharest, currently being a master student of the same faculty. “Homo Hodie. The concepts that have controlled us for centuries” is the third of his works, published in 2019 by Lumen Scientific Publishing House from Iași. Trying to answer a question, seemingly simple, but which hides aspects that are quite difficult to clarify, namely whether we are truly more modern than our predecessors, the author addresses a multitude of topics. The work is very heterogeneous, and the author himself calls it a "stew"
The challenges of inclusive education and its implementation in schools: The South African perspective
Authors: Mpu Yolanda , Adu Emmanuel O.
Published: June 2021

Inclusive education is the term used to describe an education system in which all learners are accepted and fully included, educationally and socially. The process of inclusion proves to have challenges in developing countries such as South Africa which adopted it a bit later than the developed countries. Research has mentioned that amongst other challenges is the lack of resources and overcrowding. Hence, this paper debates and discusses the challenges in the implementation of inclusive education in South African schools. The study was designed as a multiple case study research in which a qualitative research approach was employed. Three schools in the Buffalo City Metro and three participants per school participated in the study. Qualitative data analysis was grounded on an interpretive philosophy. The findings revealed that overcrowding, insufficient training, lack of knowledge and skills of educators were the overarching themes that resulted in educators feeling a sense of inadequacy to teach in an inclusive education classroom. The study will cover the challenges faced in the implementation of inclusive education. Therefore, the study recommends that inclusive education should cater to all learners irrespective of the type of disability.
What are teachers' beliefs, values and attitudes towards the inclusion of learners who experience barriers to learning in South African primary schools?
Authors: Mamabolo Joel Moketla , Sepadi Medwin Dikwanyane , Mabasa-Manganyi Rachel Basani , Kgopa Faith , Ndlovu Simon Mfula , Themane Mahlapahlapana
Published: June 2021

This study examined teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of learners who experience barriers to learning in their classrooms. The study implemented the quantitative descriptive design. Sixty-three Foundation Phase (grades 1–3) teachers were recruited through the convenient sampling strategy from the Capricorn District in Limpopo Province in South Africa. Data were collected through a closed-ended questionnaire adapted from the Teaching for All (Department of Basic Education, 2019) student support materials for inclusive education commissioned by the British Council. Analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 for descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The findings indicated that overall, teachers were well disposed to include learners who experience barriers to learning in their classrooms. However, the teachers expressed concerns regarding some teachers’ abilities that are required in inclusive settings for inclusion of these learners to happen. The study has some important implications for teachers, policymakers and researchers. The study may help to solidify teachers’ positive attitudes as the creators of knowledge rather than always assuming the role of transmitters of information from the government. Policymakers may be informed about how to involve teachers in their development of policies on inclusive education. Lastly, for researchers these findings may help further research on how to understand problems related to the implementation of inclusive education.
Teaching higher-order comprehension strategies to a Grade 2 learner who struggled to read for meaning: A case study
Authors: Schmidt Pralene , Condy Janet , Tiba Chantyclaire
Published: June 2021

Higher-order comprehension skills are necessary to understand a text, yet many South African learners have not been taught these skills. The aim of this study is to explicitly teach higher-order reading comprehension strategies to a Grade 2 learner who could not read for meaning. This study is based upon Vygotsky’s Social Constructivist theory. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, an intervention programme, interviews and classroom observations. The findings suggest that the learner acquired higher order thinking skills after being taught reading comprehension strategies. The teacher guided, paced and modelled the learner’s reading progress, creating a safe learning environment. The results suggest that teaching higher-order comprehension strategies and creating safe learning environments had an impact on developing the Grade 2 learner’s higher-order thinking skills.