bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration‐Jitter: Augmentation of hyperspectral data for improved surgical scene segmentation
Authors: Roddan Alfie , Czempiel Tobias , Elson Daniel S. , Giannarou Stamatia
Published: November 2024

Semantic surgical scene segmentation is crucial for accurately identifying and delineating different tissue types during surgery, enhancing outcomes and reducing complications. Hyperspectral imaging provides detailed information beyond visible color filters, offering an enhanced view of tissue characteristics. Combined with machine learning, it supports critical tumor resection decisions. Traditional augmentations fail to effectively train machine learning models on illumination and sensor sensitivity variations. Learning to handle these variations is crucial to enable models to better generalize, ultimately enhancing their reliability in deployment. In this article, Calibration‐Jitter is introduced, a spectral augmentation technique that leverages hyperspectral calibration variations to improve predictive performance. Evaluated on scene segmentation on a neurosurgical dataset, Calibration‐Jitter achieved a F1‐score of 74.35% with SegFormer, surpassing the previous best of 70.2%. This advancement addresses limitations of traditional augmentations, improving hyperspectral imaging segmentation performance.
PLGA‐PEG‐c(RGDfK)‐Kushenol E Micelles With a Therapeutic Potential for Targeting Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Xue , Wan Haopeng , Lu Lijuan , Li Ran , Sun Bo , Ren Juan
Published: November 2024

Background: As a naturally derived inhibitor of autophagy, Kushenol E (KE) is a biprenylated flavonoid and is isolated from Sophora flavescens, which has been used for the treatment of cancer, hepatitis, and skin diseases. However, KE, as a poorly soluble drug, exhibited strong autophagy regulating activity in in vitro cancer cell lines, but no related studies have reported its antiovarian cancer property. Therefore, it is very beneficial to enhance the antineoplastic properties of KE by establishing an ovarian tumor‐targeting nanoparticle system modified with tumor‐homing c(RGDfK) peptides.

Materials and Methods: In the current study, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐modified with cyclic RGDfK peptide (PLGA‐PEG‐c(RGDfK))‐KE micelles (PPCKM) were prepared to overcome the poor water solubility of KE to meet the requirement of tumor‐active targeting. The effect of PPCKM on ovarian cancer was evaluated on SKOV‐3 cells and xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice.

Results: The PPCKM showed a higher drug cumulative release ratio (82.16 ± 7.69% vs. 34.96 ± 3.05%, at 1.5 h) with good morphology, particle size (93.41 ± 2.84 nm), and entrapment efficiency (89.7% ± 1.3%). The cell viability, migration, and apoptosis analysis of SKOV‐3 cells demonstrated that PPCKM retained potent antitumor effects and promoted apoptosis at early and advanced stages with concentration‐dependent. Based on the establishment of xenograft models in BALB/c nude mice, we discovered that PPCKM reduced tumor volume and weight, inhibited proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki67 expression, as well as promoted apoptosis by targeting the tumor site.

Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest that PPCKM may serve as an effective therapeutic option for ovarian cancer.
Att‐U2Net: Using Attention to Enhance Semantic Representation for Salient Object Detection
Authors: Jiang Chenzhe , Xu Banglian , Zheng Qinghe , Li Zhengtao , Zhang Leihong , Shen Zimin , Sun Quan , Zhang Dawei
Published: November 2024

Saliency object detection has been widely used in computer vision tasks such as image understanding, semantic segmentation, and target tracking by mimicking the human visual perceptual system to find the most visually appealing object. The U2Net model has shown good performance in salient object detection (SOD) because of its unique U‐shaped residual structure and the U‐shaped structural backbone incorporating feature information of different scales. However, in the U‐shaped structure, the global semantic information computed from the topmost layer may be gradually interfered by the large amount of local information dilution in the top‐down path, and the U‐shaped residual structure has insufficient attention to the features in the salient target region of the image and will pass redundant features to the next stage. To address these two shortcomings in the U2Net model, this paper proposes improvements in two aspects: to address the situation that the global semantic information is diluted by local semantic information and the residual U‐block (RSU) module pays insufficient attention to the salient regions and redundant features. An attentional gating mechanism is added to filter redundant features in the U‐structure backbone. A channel attention (CA) mechanism is introduced to capture important features in the RSU module. The experimental results prove that the method proposed in this paper has higher accuracy compared to the U2Net model.
Retrieving wind properties from the ultra-hot dayside of WASP-189 b with CRIRES+
Authors: Lesjak F. , Nortmann L. , Cont D. , Yan F. , Reiners A. , Piskunov N. , Hatzes A. , Boldt-Christmas L. , Czesla S. , Lavail A. , Nagel E. , Rains A. D. , Rengel M. , Seemann U. , Shulyak D.
Published: November 2024

Context. The extreme temperature gradients from day- to nightside in the atmospheres of hot Jupiters generate fast winds in the form of equatorial jets or day-to-night flows. Observations of blue-shifted and red-shifted signals in the transmission and dayside spectra of WASP-189 b have sparked discussions about the nature of winds on this planet.

Aims. To investigate the structure of winds in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189 b, we studied its dayside emission spectrum with CRIRES+ in the spectral K band.

Methods. After removing stellar and telluric lines, we used the cross-correlation method to search for a range of molecules and detected emission signals of CO and Fe. Subsequently, we employed a Bayesian framework to retrieve the atmospheric parameters relating to the temperature–pressure structure and chemistry, and incorporated a numerical model of the line profile influenced by various dynamic effects to determine the wind structure.

Results. The cross-correlation signals of CO and Fe showed a velocity offset of ~6 km s−1, which could be caused by a fast day-tonight wind in the atmosphere of WASP-189 b. The atmospheric retrieval showed that the line profile of the observed spectra is best fitted by the presence of a day-to-night wind of 4.4−2.2+1.8 km s−1, while the retrieved equatorial jet velocity of 1.0−1.8+0.9 km s−1 is consistent with the absence of such a jet. Such a wind pattern is consistent with the observed line broadening and can explain the majority of the velocity offset, while uncertainties in the ephemerides and the effects of a hot spot could also contribute to this offset. We further retrieved an inverted temperature-pressure profile, and under the assumption of equilibrium chemistry we retrieved a C/O ratio of 0.32−0.14+0.41 and a metallicity of M/H = 1.40−0.60+1.39.

Conclusions. We showed that red-shifts of a few km s−1 in the dayside spectra could be explained by day-to-night winds. Further studies combining transmission and dayside observations could advance our understanding of WASP-189 b’s atmospheric circulation by improving the uncertainties in the velocity offset and wind parameters.
Areas of improvement for colorectal cancer screening: Results of a screening initiative for 10,000 health care employees in Austria
Authors: Prosenz Julian , Österreicher Zoe Anne , Koutny Florian , Asaturi Arno , Birkl Moira , Hanke Rosanna , Ferlitsch Monika , Maieron Andreas
Published: November 2024

Background and study aims Participation in and quality of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening varies greatly and it is unclear how much of CRC screening guideline quality metrics reach patients. The aims of this prospective observational study were to provide data from everyday practice in Austria.

Patients and methods All employees aged ≥ 50 years were invited and received a stool-based-test (FIT (cut-off 25 mcg Hb/g) and M2PK), which could be dropped off at the workplace. All individuals with positive tests were called and offered a colonoscopy near their workplace/home in ≤ 3 weeks performed by unselected endoscopists. Non-attendees received email and telephone reminders.

Results Of 10,239 eligible employees (2706 males, 7533 females), 2390 (23%) (plus 673 < 50 years) median age 53 (interquartile range 50;56) participated in the stool-based screening (18% males, 25% females). Of 3063 tests, 747 (24%) were positive. The follow-up rate for 616 individuals who accepted or eventually underwent colonoscopy was 84% (n = 517). The adenoma detection rate (ADR) was 20.5% (31% in men, 17% in women) and varied substantially, ranging from 15% in hospitals (excluding the study center) to 18.5% among office-based endoscopists, and up to 36% in the study center. Most European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy-recommended performance indicators were unmet, including the polyp detection rate (PDR), ADR, reporting of polyp characteristics, and bowel preparation adequacy.

Conclusions There is a serious gap between recommended standards and real-world CRC screening colonoscopy quality. Implementation of CRC screening should not only be accompanied by strategies to increase participation rates but focus on implementation of rigorous, mandatory colonoscopy quality assurance programs.
Flat Oral Glucose Tolerance Test during Pregnancy and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A 5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Tarashandegan Danit , Naeh Amir , Hallak Mordechai , Toledano Yoel , Gabbay-Benziv Rinat , Maor-Sagie Esther
Published: November 2024

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women with flat response in the 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed during pregnancy in a large cohort of women with up to 5 years of follow-up.

Study Design A retrospective analysis of women with documented OGTT during pregnancy and T2DM data up to 5 years after pregnancy. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening was done by a two-step strategy. Glucose levels during pregnancy were extracted from the computerized laboratory system of Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) and cross-tabulated with the Israeli National Diabetes Registry. Flat OGTT was defined as fasting glucose <95 mg/dl and three postprandial values lower than 100 mg/dl. The cohort was stratified by OGTT results to normal glucose values, flat OGTT, and GDM according to Carpenter and Coustan thresholds. Cumulative risk for T2DM was evaluated and compared between groups. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis followed by survival analysis.

Results A total of 14,122 parturients entered the analysis. Of them, 965 (6.8%) had flat OGTT, 11,427 (80.9%) had normal OGTT, and 1,730 (12.3%) had GDM. Women with flat OGTT were younger, had lower body mass index (BMI; kg/m2), and had lower rates of hypertension. Their glucose values throughout pregnancy were lower compared with the other groups (p < 0.001 for all). During the study period and following adjustment to maternal age, obesity, and hypertension, women with flat OGTT had a low incidence of T2DM, even when compared with women with normal OGTT (adjusted hazard ratio 0.212, 95% confidence interval 0.052–0.856).

Conclusion Parturients with flat OGTT during pregnancy are at a low risk of developing T2DM up to 5 years following pregnancy.

Key Points
Synthesis of Isatins via Oxone®/TBAI-Mediated On-Water Oxidation of Indoles
Authors: Sawant Sanghapal D. , Khajuria Pratiksha , Bag Debojyoti
Published: November 2024

Isatins and their derivatives are important scaffolds in a wide range of pharmaceuticals, bioactive compounds, and functional materials. Herein we describe a new strategy for the synthesis of isatins from indoles via Oxone®/TBAI-mediated oxidative dearomatization of indoles in water. The strategy works well with a variety of N-protected indoles and azaindoles.
Reductive Synthesis of Azoxypyridines from Nitropyridines Using Hydroxides in Alcoholic Media
Authors: Bernardi Luca , Caruana Lorenzo , Pistilli Dalila , Bussolari Alessio , Toderi Edoardo , Nalin Arnaldo , Osti Sergio , Fontana Francesco , Paio Alfredo , Santarelli Nicolò , Fochi Mariafrancesca
Published: November 2024

The partial reduction of nitroarenes with hydroxides in alcoholic media is a venerable yet very direct approach to the synthesis of symmetrical azoxyarenes. Herein, the first application of this method to nitropyridines is disclosed, presenting its adaptation with these challenging but important substrates.
Prevention of Aspiration: Oral Care, Antibiotics, Others
Authors: Perticone Maria Eugenia , Manti Ariel , Luna Carlos M.
Published: November 2024

Patients with aspiration pneumonia often develop this lung infection due to poor oral health or because the contents of the digestive tract or upper airway enter the lower airway traversing the larynx through different mechanisms. Prevention of this condition is directed at the mechanism by which it occurs. The elderly are the most likely to suffer from aspiration pneumonia, occasionally due to issues related to poor dental health, but more frequently due to abnormal swallowing, which may appear after a stroke, a functional impairment related to aging, or may be part of a specific disease such as Parkinson's disease or some other nervous system condition. People with dysphagia complicated by pneumonia have limited feeding and become debilitated, and aspiration pneumonia in these individuals has a high mortality rate at 90 days. Dietary modifications, assistance with feeding, use of postures that facilitate a normal deglutition, rehabilitation, and use of medications to improve swallowing defects are the tools of medicine to overcome the obstacles to swallowing normally and prevent the development of aspiration pneumonia and its consequences.
Patient-Reported Outcomes after Surgery for Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis in the Knee: A Cohort Study
Authors: Lashgari Ryan J. , Chen Bruce W. , Ventimiglia Dominic J. , Henry Leah E. , Kolevar Matthew P. , Leong Natalie L. , Meredith Sean J. , Packer Jonathan D. , Henn R. Frank
Published: November 2024

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare neoplastic proliferation of large joints, including the knee, with both localized PVNS (LPVNS) and diffuse PVNS (DPVNS) types. DPVNS is known to recur at a higher rate following resection; however, there is little evidence comparing patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between the two types. The purpose of this study was to compare PROs between patients with LPVNS and DPVNS involving the knee 2 years after surgical resection. We hypothesized that DPVNS would have worse 2-year PROs than LPVNS.

Sixteen patients who underwent arthroscopic resection of pathology-confirmed PVNS involving the knee were enrolled in a prospective registry. Several PROs, including six Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) domains and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, were assessed at baseline and at 2 years postoperatively. Mean scores between LPVNS and DPVNS groups were compared using a Wilcoxon exact test, while categorical variables were compared using a Fisher's exact test.

Eleven patients (seven LPVNS and four DPVNS) completed both the baseline and 2-year PRO surveys. There were no significant differences in the demographic variables between groups, including age, body mass index, or prior surgical history (p < 0.05). There was a trend toward higher mean PRO scores in the DPVNS group at 2 years postoperatively in all measures, despite lower reported baseline levels of activity as measured by Marx Activity Rating Scale (26.3 vs. 76.7, p = 0.02). The DPVNS group also trended toward more improvement in PROMIS Physical Function (9.7 vs. −2.7), PROMIS Pain Interference (−9.0 vs. −2.5), PROMIS Anxiety (−5.4 vs. −4.4), and IKDC (26.7 vs. 18.9). However, these differences did not reach statistical significance (p < 0.05). There were two recurrences in the DPVNS group and none in the LPVNS group.

Patients with knee DPVNS do not report worse outcomes 2 years after arthroscopic resection compared with LPVNS patients.
Anomalous motion of charges in solid helium
Authors: Efimov V. B. , Mezhov-Deglin L P.
Published: November 2024

Results of a study are presented concerning the current-voltage characteristics of a diode in solid helium. The charge mobility calculated from these characteristics is compared with direct measurements made of the transit time. The dependence of the activation energy of microparticle diffusion in solid helium on the molar volume has been plotted graphically from the results of various experiments.
Influence of the statistical properties of light on two-exciton multiphoton absorption intensity in the antiferromagnetic crystal MnF2
Authors: Dokashenko V. P. , Eremenko V. V. , Matyushkin É. V.
Published: November 2024

The influence of the degree of electromagnetic field coherence on the multiphoton light absorption intensity with the participation of two quasiparticles is investigated. A growth in absorption is detected with the increase in the degree of field coherence, which indicates a difference in the pairwise multiquantum processes from processes for an isolated center.
On the periodic dependence of the critical current of thin superconducting films on the magnetic field
Authors: Kolpazhiu M. K. , Shvets L. M.
Published: November 2024

The influence of a magnetic field H on the critical current jc of a thin film in the form of a thin-walled cylinder is investigated by using the Ginzburg–Landau equations. The magnetic field is directed parallel to the transport current, i.e., to the cylinder axis. Pure films and films with nonmagnetic and paramagnetic impurities are considered. It is shown that the critical current is a periodic function of the field H.
Theory of low-temperature and frequency dependence of anomalous kinetic effects in ferromagnetic materials
Authors: Vedyaev A. V. , Shilov V. E.
Published: November 2024

A theory of anomalous kinetic effects in rare-earth ferromagnetic metals describable by the s-f exchange model has been constructed. General expressions have been derived which describe the frequency dependence and the temperature dependence of anomalous kinetic effects in the quantum domain. Here it is shown that the curve representing the frequency dependence of magnetooptic effects passes through a maximum at the frequency ω = kTK/ℏ (TK denoting the Curie temperature).
Nonlinear magnetization waves of an antiferromagnet
Authors: Bar’yakhtar I.V. , Ivanov B. A.
Published: November 2024

Nonlinear magnetization waves are investigated in antiferromagnets with anisotropies of the “easy axis” type in an external magnetic field. Solitary waves are found, and the motion of the domain boundary at a moderate velocity is investigated. Exact solutions are found which describe the interaction of the nonlinear solitary waves. It is shown that N-soliton solutions can be satisfied which satisfy the asymptotic superposition principle.
The influence of aniline intercalation on the temperature dependence of NQR in PbI2
Authors: Lyfar’ D. L. , Ryabchenko S. M.
Published: November 2024

The temperature dependence of the NQR frequency and the spin-lattice relaxation time is investigated in PBI2 intercalated with aniline. On the basis of the measurements we conclude that PbI2(a) retains the quasi-two-dimensional phonon spectral characteristics of PbI2.
Superconductivity in the palladium–hydrogen system at temperatures below 1.5°K
Authors: Ginodman V. B. , Zherikhina L. N. , Inyushkin A. V.
Published: November 2024

The superconducting transition temperatures have been measured in PdHx samples in the hydrogen concentration interval x = H/Pd from 0.77 to 0.86. It is shown that Tc decreases monotonically with decreasing x, reaching the value 0.25°K at x = 0.77. The experimental data obtained are in good agreement with the theoretical results of Papaconstantopoulos and coworkers.
Low-temperature anomalies of the dynamics of a paramagnetic crystal resonator
Authors: Sadreev A. F.
Published: November 2024

The dynamics of a paramagnetic system (S = 1/2), thermodynamically equilibrium-linked with the radiation field of a resonator is considered by the methods of the quantum theory of fields. The spectrum of the resonance frequencies of the system is found for two relations of the size of the paramagnetic sample L and the wavelengths of the radiation field k−1. It is shown that when L ≪ k−1 Fain’s result, Eq. (1), is valid for the intrinsic line width, if the Zeeman frequency ω0 ≫ck. With L ≳ k−1, (the case of a crystal resonator), and kT>ω0>ρSμB2 (ρS is the paramagnetic ion density in the crystal), the temperature behavior of the intrinsic width is described by formula (33). It is shown that the critical temperature Tc is the temperature of the Bose-Einstein condensation of photons of the resonator radiation field, which is determined only by the paramagnetic ion density in the sample. Estimates are made of the intrinsic broadening of the Zeeman line in certain paramagnetic crystal resonators with impurities of rare-earth ions.
Temperature and field dependence of the magnetization and critical spin-flop angle in an antiferromagnetic crystal
Authors: Zuev A. V. , Stefanovskii E. P.
Published: November 2024

The temperature and field dependence of the magnetization and critical spin-flop angle are investigated theoretically for a uniaxial antiferromagnetic crystal. The results of computer calculations of these quantities are tabulated.
Diffusion of He4 in D2 close to the phase mixing transition line
Authors: Bezverkhii P. P. , Matizen É. V.
Published: November 2024

We report the first measurements of the mutual diffusion coefficent, D12, for helium in deuterium along two isobars in the region near the critical point of pure deuterium, close to the phase coexistence curve in the temperature range 35–40°K and for concentrations from zero to 6 mol.%. It is shown that upon approach to this portion of the phase separation curve the value of D12 diminishes markedly. We consider a nonlinear diffusion equation for nonideal gaseous binary mixtures. On the basis of a one-dimensional solution of that equation, taking into account the concentration dependence of the density and the appearance of currents in the gas mixture as a whole, we propose a data analysis method for the diffusion data which allows evaluation of the effect on nonideality near the critical mixing line.
Conductivity of a two-dimensional Wigner crystal of surface electrons in helium in a rapidly alternating electrical field
Authors: Monarkha Yu. P.
Published: November 2024

A theoretical study is made of the absorption of energy from a rapidly alternating electrical field by a two-dimensional Wigner crystal on the free surface of liquid helium, with the field intensity vector oriented parallel to the liquid-vapor boundary. It is shown that under these conditions at certain field frequencies resonant excitation of collective liquid helium surface modes by the electrons is possible. The dependence of the effective electron mobility on pressing field intensity is determined. Comparison of the theoretical results with experimental data at T∼0.1°K demonstrates the validity of the Andreev–Kompaneets surface hydrodynamics theory.
Murky waters running clearer? Monitoring, reporting and evaluation of the state of the Murray–Darling Basin after more than three decades of policy reform
Authors: Colloff Matthew J. , Lanyon Kate , Pittock Jamie , Costanza-van den Belt Milo , Wheeler Sarah , Grafton R. Quentin , Williams John , Sheldon Fran , Kingsford Richard T. , Bino Gilad , Renzullo Luigi , Moggridge Bradley J.
Published: November 2024

Context Rigorous monitoring and reporting helps determine effectiveness of water reforms. We assess implementation of the Murray–Darling Basin Plan, intended to ensure that water resources are used sustainably. Many aspects of Basin Plan implementation are poorly monitored and reported, owing to fragmented and inadequate data collection across jurisdictions. Aims To address this issue, we synthesised publicly available data for 27 indicators that provide insights into the State of the Basin since implementation of the Plan in 2012–2013. Methods Indicators, in Indigenous, economic, environmental, social and compliance themes, were chosen to assess effects of policy interventions for water reform within the Water Act 2007 (Cth), the underpinning legislation for the Plan. Key results Of the targets for the indicators, seven were met (26%), 10 were variable but showed no overall trend (37%) and 10 were not met (37%). Conclusions Five of seven economic targets, relating to irrigated agriculture and capital value of land, showed improvement, whereas of 20 Indigenous, environmental, social and compliance indicator targets, only two environmental ones were met. Implications We detail practical improvements, including building a more comprehensive, Basin-wide monitoring and reporting framework that could be implemented to aid assessment of progress on implementation of the Basin Plan.
Rhizomatic Chineseness and its postmodern implications for interepistemic translation
studies
Authors: Sun Xiaorui
Published: November 2024

This paper draws on the conception of rhizome in Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s A Thousand Plateaus:
Capitalism and Schizophrenia ([1980] 1987), to (re)define Chineseness as a cultural phenomenon of identification in a
postmodern assemblage. The author argues that the postmodern reading of (diasporic) Chineseness is rhizomatic without an authentic
arboreal essence. The conclusions will be borne on Douglas Robinson’s theoretical explorations of interepistemic translation
between China and the West, based on the premise that transculturation and enculturation can be seen as a process of
interepistemic translation with translationality at their core.
Ultralow-Temperature Heat Transport Evidence for Residual Density of States in the Superconducting State of CsV3Sb5
Authors: Zhao 赵 C. C. 成成 , Wang 王 L. S. 临舒 , Xia 夏 W. 威 , Yin 殷 Q. W. 蔷薇 , Deng 邓 H. B. 翰宾 , Liu 刘 G. W. 国威 , Liu 刘 J. J. 锦锦 , Zhang 张 X. 旭 , Ni 倪 J. M. 佳敏 , Huang 黄 Y. Y. 烨煜 , Tu 涂 C. P. 成鹏 , Tao 陶 Z. C. 咨成 , Tu 涂 Z. J. 志俊 , Gong 龚 C. S. 春生 , Wang 王 Z. W. 秩伟 , Lei 雷 H. C. 和畅 , Guo 郭 Y. F. 艳峰 , Yang 杨 X. F. 小帆 , Yin 殷 J. X. 嘉鑫 , Li 李 S. Y. 世燕
Published: November 2024

V-based kagome superconductors AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, and Cs) host a charge density wave (CDW) and a topological nontrivial band structure, thereby providing a great platform to study the interplay of superconductivity (SC), CDW, frustration, and topology. Here, we report ultralow-temperature thermal conductivity measurements of CsV3Sb5 and Ta-doped Cs(V0.86Ta0.14)3Sb5 and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements of CsV3Sb5. The finite residual linear term of thermal conductivity at zero magnetic field suggests the existence of a residual density of states (DOS) in the superconducting state of CsV3Sb5. This is supported by the observation of non-zero conductance at zero bias in STM spectrum at an electronic temperature of 90 mK. However, in Cs(V0.86Ta0.14)3Sb5, which does not have CDW order, there is no evidence for the residual DOS. These results show the importance of CDW order for the residual DOS, and that a nodal s-wave gap or residual Fermi arc may be the origin of the residual DOS in such an unusual multiband kagome superconductor, CsV3Sb5.
Helicity-Controlled Spin Hall Angle in 2D Altermagnets with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling
Authors: Chen Weiwei , Zeng Longhai , Zhu W.
Published: November 2024

We investigated the efficiency of charge-to-spin conversion in two-dimensional Rashba altermagnets, a class of materials that combines the characteristics of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. Using quantum linear response theory, we quantified the longitudinal and spin Hall conductivities in this system and demonstrated a substantial enhancement in the spin Hall angle below the band crossing point through the dual effects of relativistic spin–orbit interaction and nonrelativistic altermagnetic exchange interaction. Additionally, the results showed that the skew scattering and intrinsic mechanisms arising from Fermi sea states are almost negligible in this system, in contrast to conventional ferromagnetic Rashba systems. Our findings not only elucidate the spin dynamics in Rashba altermagnets but also pave the way for developing novel strategies for manipulating charge-to-spin conversion via sophisticated control of noncollinear and collinear out-of-plane spin textures.
New sources of ghost fields in k-essence theories for black-bounce solutions
Authors: Pereira Carlos F S , Rodrigues Denis C , Martins Ébano L , Fabris Júlio C , Rodrigues Manuel E
Published: November 2024

In the present study, we generalize the possible ghost field configurations within the framework of k-essence theory to the Simpson–Visser metric area function

Σ
2

=

x
2

+

a
2

. Our analysis encompasses field configurations for the region-defined metric function

A
±

as well as the general solution that asymptotically behaves as Schwarzschild-de Sitter for

x
→
−
∞

. Specifically, we investigate two scalar field configurations and define the associated potential for each one. Through rigorous calculations, we verify that all equations of motion are satisfied. Notably, our findings indicate that even when proposing new configurations of ghost scalar fields, the energy conditions remain unchanged. This result serves to validate the wormhole solutions obtained in previous studies.
Influence of Sn2+ doping to improve the charge transport and light-emitting properties of CsPbCl3 perovskites
Authors: Sharma Deenbandhu , Sharma S K
Published: November 2024

Doping B-site with metal ions is an emerging strategy to reduce lead toxicity and enhance the optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskites. Also, the concentration of metal dopants plays an important role in achieving the desired electrical and optical properties of these halide perovskites. This work presents a simple chemical approach to synthesize pure and Sn2+ doped CsPbCl3 perovskites at room temperature. The dopant concentration was varied from 1 to 9 mol%. The structural, morphological, optical, thermal, and electrical properties of prepared perovskites are studied in order to check the optimal doping concentration along with to know the improvement in the optoelectronic properties required for LEDs and photovoltaic cells. It was observed that CsPbCl3 perovskites exhibit high photoluminescence intensity, blue/violet emission, and high charge carrier mobility (up to 56.3 cm2 V s−1) with a reduction in bandgap (up to 2.865 eV) after Sn2+ doping.
Research on avalanche tolerance test method for power devices based on avalanche energy equivalence
Authors: Zou Shenglei , Yang Yuan , Wen Yang , Du Xingfeng , Wang Yaxin , Guo Sunyu , Li Yan
Published: November 2024

A general avalanche tester that utilizes an unclamped inductive switching (UIS) test is essential for measuring the maximum energy that a power device can withstand before failure. This procedure is critical for evaluating the reliability and robustness of power devices. Avalanche testers typically require high-precision hollow inductors with broad adjustable ranges and fine increments to accommodate the varying test conditions of different devices. However, this often results in large, heavy, and expensive inductor modules. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel method for testing avalanche tolerance based on avalanche energy equivalence. This method employs the magnetic core inductance as an alternative to the traditionally used bulky air-core inductance in avalanche testers, producing results comparable to those obtained from conventional UIS tests. To verify the equivalence of the avalanche energy, we designed a UIS experimental platform that includes a 1.3 mH magnetic core inductor connected in series with an adjustable air-core inductor. This configuration enables the evaluation of the maximum avalanche current consistency and degree of core inductor attenuation during the UIS test for two commercial P-channel and N-channel power MOSFET devices. The experimental results indicate that the difference between the avalanche energy and maximum avalanche current in the UIS test under both inductor conditions is approximately 1

%

. Consequently, the magnetic core inductor can replace the air-core inductor. The method proposed in this study offers a promising direction for optimizing avalanche testers to meet the demands of modern devices for miniaturization and high efficiency, thereby reducing material consumption, production costs, and transportation expenses. This enhances product market competitiveness and holds practical value in engineering applications.
Optimizing coupled fault diagnosis in liquid rocket engines via distributed robust multi-model Kalman filter
Authors: Zhang Zhenzhen , Zhang Xiaoguang , Chen Hui , Li Yixuan , Chen Zhenyi
Published: November 2024

This paper concerns a novel fault diagnosis method for decoupling and diagnosing liquid rocket engine (LRE) system and sensor failures. LRE faults significantly affect the launch reliability. Many traditional methods applied in system-level fault diagnosis of LRE struggled with robustness when dealing with sensor and system coupling faults. The distributed robust multi-model Kalman filter (DRMM-KF) based fault diagnosis method is proposed for the LRE sensor-system concurrent fault diagnosis problem to solve the aforementioned issues. Firstly, improvements are made to the multi-model Kalman filter (MM-KF) method to enhance the robustness of the hypothetical model conditional probability calculation to obtain the robust MM-KF (RMM-KF). Then, based on the RMM-KF and local sensor fault hypothesis models, the local robust MM-KFs (LRMM-KFs) are established to describe the local sensor faults of the LRE subsystems, and then, the DRMM-KFs are established by integrating each LRMM-KF to realize the adaptive description of the LRE sensor faults. Finally, by fusing the results of the LRMM-KFs, the index fusion weighted sum-squared residual (FWSSR) is established for LRE system and sensor faults decoupling and diagnosis. After that, three hot-test cases are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in practice. The contribution of this study is to propose the novel DRMM-KF algorithm to achieve real-time LRE system and sensor faults decoupling fault diagnosis, showing the capacity of distinguishing between system and sensor faults with alarm timely.
Performance analysis of LEO augmented GNSS precise point positioning from in-orbit CENTISPACETM satellites
Authors: Gao Weiguang , Xie Xin , Meng Yinan , Li Qiang , Chen Hanlin , Yang Long , Geng Tao , Zhao Qile
Published: November 2024

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can be used to augment global navigation satellite system (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP) for rapid convergence, which has been demonstrated by an abundance of simulation studies. In this contribution, we analyze the performance of LEO augmented GNSS PPP using real data from two in-orbit CENTISPACETM experimental satellites launched by Beijing Future Navigation Tech Co., Ltd. The onboard GNSS observations are used to determine the precise orbits and the initial clock offsets of LEO satellites, and the clock corrections are estimated using the observations from a ground network. The RMS values of measurement residuals for dual-frequency ionosphere-free combination of LEO downlink pseudorange and phase observations are about 0.8 m and 2 cm. We select three ground tracking stations for the PPP experiment and the performance of GPS, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS)-3, GPS + BDS-3, GPS + BDS-3 + Galileo PPP with the augmentation of 1 and 2 LEO satellites is evaluated and analyzed. The results indicate that the observations from LEO satellites can significantly improve the GNSS convergence performance. Compared with GNSS-only PPP, the convergence time is shortened by more than 50% with the addition of 1 LEO satellite, while the two LEO satellites achieve an improvement of 68%–73%. In particular, to achieve a horizontal accuracy of better than 10 cm, the convergence time for the GPS + BDS-3 + Galileo PPP solutions is reduced from 10.8 min to 3–5 min with the augmentation of 1–2 LEO satellites, which reveals the excellent potential of LEO satellites for rapid PPP convergence. The correlation analysis between ambiguity parameters and other related parameters during the PPP processing also demonstrates the superior performance of the LEO satellites in accelerating the PPP convergence. Furthermore, the GNSS/LEO combined PPP improves the 3D positioning accuracy by 10%–20%.
Advanced detection methods for tunnels and roadways: a review
Authors: Chen Dingchao , Wang Xiangyu , Bai Jianbiao , Lu Jianfei , Wu Bowen , Li Xin , Li Yan , Zhang Feiteng , Li Menglong
Published: November 2024

As underground engineering construction expands globally, numerous tunnels and roadways are excavated annually. However, the complex and unpredictable underground geological conditions pose risks of accidents and casualties if not promptly and accurately identified. Therefore, precise identification and early prediction of adverse geological conditions are crucial. This paper reviews the development process of advanced detection technology for tunnels and roadways, categorizing it into four stages: manual stage, automatic stage, detection while excavation stage, and intelligent stage, China is currently transitioning from the second to the third stage. Additionally, this paper emphasizes the principles, characteristics, and applications of conventional advanced detection methods, including seismic methods, electrical methods, electromagnetic methods, etc. Addressing the limitations of conventional methods, including short detection distance, low efficiency, and high cost, this paper introduces integrated designs for detection instruments and tunneling machines, specifically tunnel seismic while drilling (TSWD) and tunnel electrical while drilling. These methods enable simultaneous excavation and detection, enhancing work efficiency by over 50%, with TSWD achieving a maximum detection distance of 200 m. In addition, this paper provides a unified summary of the advantages, disadvantages, and applicable conditions of both conventional and detection while excavation methods. Finally, this paper discusses two important future directions for tunnel and roadway advanced detection: multi-source signal cooperative detection and application of intelligent technology.
Deep learning-assisted magnetized inductively coupled plasma discharge modeling
Authors: Zhao Yang , Chen Wenyi , Miao Zongcheng , Yang Pengfei , Zhou Xiaohua
Published: November 2024

In recent years, magnetized inductively coupled plasma (MICP) has been proposed as an improved version of inductively coupled plasma to meet the increasing production process requirements. However, due to the more complex structure of the plasma system, numerical simulations face challenges such as modeling difficulty, model convergence issues, and long computation times. In this paper, a deep neural network (DNN) with a multi-hidden layer structure is developed based on deep learning technology to serve as an assisted modeling tool of traditional fluid simulations. This approach aims to study the discharge characteristics and plasma chemistry of argon-oxygen MICP more efficiently. The simulation data from the fluid model is used to train the neural network. The well-trained DNN can efficiently and accurately predict the target plasma characteristics under new discharge parameters, such as electron density, ionization rate, and particle reaction rate. The effectiveness of the DNN is verified by comparing its predictions with fluid simulation results. Compared to the traditional fluid simulation, which takes thousands of seconds, the trained DNN can produce highly consistent prediction results only within 1 s. The computing efficiency is significantly improved. The prediction results of the DNN demonstrate that by adjusting discharge parameters such as magnetic field coil current, power, and O2 ratio, the plasma discharge characteristics and plasma chemistry can be modulated, including charged particle density, ionization rate, chemical reaction rate, and plasma radial uniformity. Additionally, the DNN shows good generalization ability across multiple input and output scales, providing a paradigm for its application in other plasma research fields. This study indicates that the DNN is a feasible method for studying MICP discharge characteristics and offers a novel and effective computational tool for future plasma discharge research based on deep learning methods.
Interfacial polarization charge engineering with co-designed LQB and EBL for enhanced EQE of AlGaN DUV LEDs
Authors: Gao Yipin , Tian Wentao , Qi Ying , Li Shuti , Liu Chao
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose to modulate the polarization charges at the interface between the last quantum barrier (LQB) and the electron blocking layer (EBL) via strategically adjusting the Al composition in the LQB and EBL simultaneously. With appropriate design of the linear gradient profile in Al composition, the original positive polarization charges at the LQB/EBL interface can be diminished or converted into negative charges, which helps to reduce the positive electric field in EBL, thus adjusting the energy band near the LQB/EBL interface. Enhanced effective barrier height for electrons, decreased effective barrier height for holes, and accumulation of a large number of holes at the LQB/EBL interface are obtained, resulting in improved electron leakage and hole injection. In comparison with the reference deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED), an enhanced external quantum efficiency by 37.5% at an injection current density of 100 A cm−2 is achieved for the device with negative polarization charges. The modulation strategy of polarization charges at the LQB/EBL interface via co-designing the linear gradient of Al composition in LQB and EBL can be a feasible approach for obtaining high-performance DUV LEDs.
Variation-aware analysis of buried-channel-array transistors (BCATs) in scaled DRAM: insights from 3D quasi-atomistic simulations
Authors: Yoon Seokchan , Lim Jaehyuk , Shin Changhwan
Published: November 2024

As dynamic random access memory (DRAM) feature sizes continue to scale down, optimizing performance requires the evolution of architectures such as the buried-channel-array transistor (BCAT). Diminutive DRAM cell dimensions have increased susceptibility to variation, necessitating comprehensive simulations considering both systematic and random aspects. This study employs a three-dimensional quasi-atomistic model to implement surface random variations and investigates systematic structural variation induced by rounding between saddle-fin and source/drain regions. The impact on BCAT performance is analyzed using the standard deviation (SD) of output parameters, simultaneously simulating surface and structural aspects. Results show that increased surface roughness corresponds to increased SD, while alterations in structural variation, particularly channel and sidewall curvature, influence both mean and SD. Increased curvature leads to decreased threshold voltage and increased current levels. This simulation approach enables detailed estimation of variation distribution in BCATs, providing valuable insights for optimizing design and fabrication processes, ultimately enhancing DRAM performance and reliability. The findings highlight the importance of considering the interplay between surface and structural variations in advanced memory devices.
Neural network analysis for prediction of heat transfer of aqueous hybrid nanofluid flow in a variable porous space with varying film thickness over a stretched surface
Authors: Alnahdi Abeer S , Gul Taza
Published: November 2024

The high thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles in hybrid nanofluids results in enhanced thermal conductivity associated with their base fluids. Enhanced heat transfer is a result of this high thermal conductivity, which has significant applications in heat exchangers and engineering devices. To optimize heat transfer, a liquid film of Cu and TiO2 hybrid nanofluid behind a stretching sheet in a variable porous medium is being considered due to its importance. The nature of the fluid is considered time-dependent and the thickness of the liquid film is measured variable adjustable with the variable porous space and favorable for the uniform flow of the liquid film. The solution of the problem is acquired using the homotopy analysis method HAM, and the artificial neural network ANN is applied to obtain detailed information in the form of error estimation and validations using the fitting curve analysis. HAM data is utilized to train the ANN in this study, which uses Cu and TiO2 hybrid nanofluids in a variable porous space for unsteady thin film flow, and it is used to train the ANN. The results indicate that Cu and TiO2 play a greater role in boosting the rate.
Pole determination of
and
in the decay
*
Authors: Lu 卢 Jialiang 家亮 , Song 宋 Mao 昴 , Li 李 Gang 刚 , Luo 罗 Xuan 旋
Published: November 2024

Two near-threshold peaking structures with spin-parities of

were recently discovered by the LHCb Collaboration in the

invariant mass distribution of the decay process

. In our study, we employed a coupled-channel model to fit the experimental results published by the LHCb Collaboration, simultaneously fitting the model to the invariant mass distributions of

,

, and

. We utilized a coupled-channel model to search for the poles of

and

. The determination of the poles is meaningful in itself, and it also lays a foundation for future research on

and

. Upon turning off the coupled-channel and performing another fit, we observed a change in the fitting quality, and the effect was almost entirely due to the peak of

. Therefore, we suggest that

may not be a kinematic effect.
Application of incremental 4D-Var for real-time prediction of a fire enclosure oscillatory dynamics
Authors: Ikhou O , Stefic W , Gautier A , Varrall K , Vauquelin O
Published: November 2024

This study explores the use of data assimilation to enhance the prediction and management of enclosure fires. By crossing the data provided by a simplified physical model with observations, we demonstrated the feasibility of adjusting the more probable real state of the system, which could improve the prediction of fire evolution. Our method is tested with large-scale oscillating enclosure fire. After a preliminary study in which we evaluate the ability of our physical model to adequately represent reality by using the experimental mass loss rate as input data, we presented a study reconstituting this information from experimental data – the results of which show that this method seems to provide accurate real-time forecasts for this type of fire.
A review of fire safety separation distances between camping units and caravans
Authors: Wilkens Flecknoe-Brown Konrad
Published: November 2024

Almost 20 years ago, the Swedish civil contingency agency (MSB) representatives published a general advice on fire protection at camping facilities. Within this document there contains advice on what distances are needed between camping units to reduce the risk of fire spreading between them, however how these distances were decided on is lost to history and given the changes and development in caravans and camping over the last 30 years a review of this guidance was required. To do this an extensive literature review into both scientific and other countries regulations was performed. The scientific literature was found lacking or outdated in this area, and country regulations were shown to be sporadic and highly varied in their given guidance, with little evidence of scientific basis for chosen distances.