bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Targeting the Limbic System: Insights into Its Involvement in Tinnitus
Authors: Singh Anurag , Smith Paul F. , Zheng Yiwen
Published: June 2023

Tinnitus is originally derived from the Latin verb tinnire, which means “to ring”. Tinnitus, a complex disorder, is a result of sentient cognizance of a sound in the absence of an external auditory stimulus. It is reported in children, adults, and older populations. Patients suffering from tinnitus often present with hearing loss, anxiety, depression, and sleep disruption in addition to a hissing and ringing in the ear. Surgical interventions and many other forms of treatment have been only partially effective due to heterogeneity in tinnitus patients and a lack of understanding of the mechanisms of tinnitus. Although researchers across the globe have made significant progress in understanding the underlying mechanisms of tinnitus over the past few decades, tinnitus is still deemed to be a scientific enigma. This review summarises the role of the limbic system in tinnitus development and provides insight into the development of potential target-specific tinnitus therapies.
Various Forms of Programmed Cell Death Are Concurrently Activated in the Population of Retinal Ganglion Cells after Ischemia and Reperfusion
Authors: Dvoriantchikova Galina , Adis Emily , Lypka Karin , Ivanov Dmitry
Published: June 2023

Retinal ischemia–reperfusion (IR)—which ultimately results in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death—is a common cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. IR results in various types of programmed cell death (PCD), which are of particular importance since they can be prevented by inhibiting the activity of their corresponding signaling cascades. To study the PCD pathways in ischemic RGCs, we used a mouse model of retinal IR and a variety of approaches including RNA-seq analysis, knockout animals, and animals treated with an iron chelator. In our RNA-seq analysis, we utilized RGCs isolated from retinas 24 h after IR. In ischemic RGCs, we found increased expression of many genes that regulate apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos. Our data indicate that genetic ablation of death receptors protects RGCs from IR. We showed that the signaling cascades regulating ferrous iron (Fe2+) metabolism undergo significant changes in ischemic RGCs, leading to retinal damage after IR. This data suggests that the activation of death receptors and increased Fe2+ production in ischemic RGCs promote the simultaneous activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, oxytosis/ferroptosis, and parthanatos pathways. Thus, a therapy is needed that concurrently regulates the activity of the multiple PCD pathways to reduce RGC death after IR.
Atg4b Overexpression Extends Lifespan and Healthspan in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Li Yongxuan , Zhang Wei , Ye Yunshuang , Sun Yinan , Yang Liping , Chen Guijun , Chen Kangning , Smith Sheryl , Zhou Jumin
Published: June 2023

Autophagy plays important but complex roles in aging, affecting health and longevity. We found that, in the general population, the levels of ATG4B and ATG4D decreased during aging, yet they are upregulated in centenarians, suggesting that overexpression of ATG4 members could be positive for healthspan and lifespan. We therefore analyzed the effect of overexpressing Atg4b (a homolog of human ATG4D) in Drosophila, and found that, indeed, Atg4b overexpression increased resistance to oxidative stress, desiccation stress and fitness as measured by climbing ability. The overexpression induced since mid-life increased lifespan. Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila subjected to desiccation stress revealed that Atg4b overexpression increased stress response pathways. In addition, overexpression of ATG4B delayed cellular senescence, and improved cell proliferation. These results suggest that ATG4B have contributed to a slowdown in cellular senescence, and in Drosophila, Atg4b overexpression may have led to improved healthspan and lifespan by promoting a stronger stress response. Overall, our study suggests that ATG4D and ATG4B have the potential to become targets for health and lifespan interventions.
A Comparative Analysis between the Phenolic Content, Key Enzyme Inhibitory Potential, and Cytotoxic Activity of Arum italicum Miller in Two Different Organs
Authors: Rechek Habiba , Haouat Ammar , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Pereira David M. , Pereira Renato B. , Válega Mónica S. G. A. , Cardoso Susana M. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: June 2023

The present study assessed two different plant parts (leaves and tubers) of Arum italicum species growing in Northeast Algeria for their phytochemical composition and pharmacological effects. The phytochemical content was determined using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector and an electrospray mass spectrometer (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MS). The results revealed that the tuber extract was rich in lignans with a fraxiresinol glycoside as the major compound. In contrast, the leaf extract was rich in flavonoid glycosides, described for the first time in the aerial part of this species. The extract’s inhibitory activity against key enzymes was linked to hyperglycemia, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase, and their ability to inhibit the growth of human gastric carcinoma (AGS) and lung carcinoma (A549) cancer cell lines was also assessed. A cell line morphology study was also conducted with the most effective extract. The chromatin status of the cells was evaluated using DAPI, while the cytoplasmic morphology was evaluated using phalloidin. The tuber extract generally inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes more efficiently than the leaf extract. Its inhibition effect against the α-glucosidase was significantly higher when compared to the standard acarbose. The tuber extract also caused more viability loss of AGS and A549 cancer cells than the leaf extract in the cytotoxicity assay. In conclusion, our findings show that, compared to the leaf extract, the tuber extract exhibited more pronounced biological effects. The strong inhibitory potential of the tuber extract against the α-glucosidase enzyme should also be highlighted, which suggests it is a good candidate for discovering new antidiabetic agents.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of Economical Graphene Materials Modified by Non-Precious Metal Nickel and Low-Content Palladium
Authors: Chen Yiwen , Habibullah  , Xia Guanghui , Jin Chaonan , Wang Yao , Yan Yigang , Chen Yungui , Gong Xiufang , Lai Yuqiu , Wu Chaoling
Published: June 2023

Ni/Pd co-modified graphene hydrogen storage materials were successfully prepared by a solvothermal method using NiCl2·6H2O and Pd(OAc)2 and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). By adjusting the hydrothermal temperature, Pd–Ni is successfully alloyed, and the size of the obtained nanoparticles is uniform. The electronic structure of Pd was changed by alloying, and the center of the D-band moved down, which promoted the adsorption of hydrogen. The NiPd-rGO-180 sample, in which 180 represents the solvothermal temperature in centigrade (°C), has the highest hydrogen storage capacity of 2.65 wt% at a moderate condition (RT/4MPa). The excellent hydrogen storage performance benefits from the synergistic hydrogen spillover effect of Pd–Ni bimetal. The calculated hydrogen adsorption energies of Ni2Pd2-rGO are within the ideal range (−0.20 to −0.60 eV) of hydrogen ads/desorption; however, the introduction of substrate defects and the cluster orientation alter the hydrogen adsorption energy. This work provides an effective reference for the design and optimization of carbon-based hydrogen storage materials.
Dissecting Relations between Depression Severity, Antidepressant Use, and Metabolic Syndrome Components in the NHANES 2005–2020
Authors: Lin Ziying , Chan Yap-Hang , Cheung Bernard Man Yung
Published: June 2023

We aimed to dissect the complex relations between depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and constituent metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in a representative U.S. population sample. A total of 15,315 eligible participants were included from 2005 to March 2020. MetS components were defined as hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, central obesity, and elevated blood glucose. Depressive symptoms were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between depression severity, antidepressant use, individual MetS components and their degree of clustering. Severe depression was associated with the number of MetS components in a graded fashion. ORs for severe depression ranged from 2.08 [95%CI, 1.29–3.37] to 3.35 [95%CI, 1.57–7.14] for one to five clustered components. Moderate depression was associated with hypertension, central obesity, raised triglyceride, and elevated blood glucose (OR = 1.37 [95%CI, 1.09–1.72], 1.82 [95%CI, 1.21–2.74], 1.63 [95%CI, 1.25–2.14], and 1.37 [95%CI, 1.05–1.79], respectively). Antidepressant use was associated with hypertension (OR = 1.40, 95%CI [1.14–1.72]), raised triglyceride (OR = 1.43, 95%CI [1.17–1.74]), and the presence of five MetS components (OR = 1.74, 95%CI [1.13–2.68]) after adjusting for depressive symptoms. The depression severity and antidepressant use were associated with individual MetS components and their graded clustering. Metabolic abnormalities in patients with depression need to be recognized and treated.
Manual Therapy Effects on Nonspecific Neck Pain Are Not Mediated by Mechanisms Related to Conditioned Pain Modulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Arribas-Romano Alberto , Fernández-Carnero Josué , González-Zamorano Yeray , Rodríguez-Lagos Leonardo , Alguacil-Diego Isabel María , Molina-Álvarez Miguel , Tejera David Morales , Mercado-Romero Francisco
Published: June 2023

Background. Manual therapy (MT) is a treatment recommended by clinical practice guidelines in the management of patients with neck pain. However, the mechanisms through which MT works remain unknown. The aim of the present study is to investigate if MT is mediated by mechanisms related to conditioned pain modulation (CPM), comparing the effects of painful with a pain-free MT treatment. Methods. A two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled clinical trial with concealed allocation and blinding of the outcome assessor was conducted in university students with chronic or recurrent nonspecific neck pain (NSNP). Participants received either a painful or pain-free MT session. Psychophysical variables including pressure pain thresholds, CPM, temporal summation of pain and cold pain intensity were assessed before and immediately after treatment. In addition, changes in neck pain intensity over the following 7 days and self-perceived improvement immediately and 7 days after treatment were assessed. Results: No significant differences were found between groups in any of the psychophysical variables or in patients’ self-perceived improvement. Only a significantly greater decrease in neck pain intensity immediately after treatment was found in the pain-free MT group compared to the painful MT group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the immediate and short-term effects of MT on NSNP are not mediated by CPM-related mechanisms.
Biomechanical Comparison of Medio-Plantar and Plantar Plate Fixation for First Tarsometatarsal Joint Arthrodesis
Authors: Klos Kajetan , Simons Paul , Schopp Pauline , Schenk Philipp , Kohler Felix C. , Uddin Akram , Roth Edgar K. , Biedermann Uta , Hofmann Gunther O. , Lenz Mark
Published: June 2023

Plantar plate positioning has been demonstrated as biomechanically superior. However, some operators remain resentful about the morbidity of the surgical approach. To provide improved plate fixation for first tarsometatarsal joint arthrodesis with respect to the tibialis anterior tendon, a medio-plantar plate was developed. The purpose of this biomechanical study was to compare its construct stability to that of a plantar plate construct. Twelve pairs of fresh frozen human specimens were used in a matched pair test. Each pair was fixed with a 4 mm compression screw and either a plantar locking plate or a medio-plantar locking plate. A cantilever beam test was performed in dorsiflexion. Before and after cyclic loading (5000 cycles; 40 N), bending stiffness and relative movements at the joint space were monitored in a quasi-static test including optical motion tracking. Maximum load and bending moment to failure were investigated in a load-to-failure ramp test. The bending stiffness of both groups did not significantly differ before (plantar 49.9 N/mm ± 19.2; medio-plantar 53.9 N/mm ± 25.4, p = 0.43) or after (plantar 24.4 N/mm ± 9.7; medio-plantar 35.3 N/mm ± 22.0, p = 0.08) cyclic loading but decreased significantly in both groups (p < 0.01) after cyclic loading. Relative movement increased significantly during cyclic testing in both groups (p < 0.01) but did not differ significantly between the groups before (p = 0.29) or after (p = 0.16) cyclic loading. Neither load nor bending moment to failure were significantly different (plantar 225 N ± 78, 10.8 Nm; medio-plantar 210 N ± 86, 10.1 Nm, p = 0.61). Both plate constructs provided equivalent construct stability, both being well suited for Lapidus arthrodesis.
Investigating the “Fetal Side” in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Reliability of Cell-Free DNA Testing in Detecting Chromosomal Abnormalities of Miscarriage Tissue
Authors: D’Ippolito Silvia , Longo Giuliana , Orteschi Daniela , Busnelli Andrea , Di Simone Nicoletta , Pulcinelli Eleonora , Schettini Giorgia , Scambia Giovanni , Zollino Marcella
Published: June 2023

(1) Background: The aim of our study is to evaluate whether cell-free DNA testing can overlap the genetic testing of miscarriage tissue in women with early pregnancy loss (EPL) and length of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL); (2) Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at the Pregnancy Loss Unit of the Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli (IRCCS), Rome, Italy between May 2021 and March 2022. We included women with EPL and length of RPL. Gestational age was >9 weeks + 2 days and <12 weeks + 0 days of gestation corresponding to a crown rump length measurement of >25 and <54 mm. Women underwent both dilation and curettage for the collection of miscarriage tissue and for blood sample collection. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) on miscarriage tissues was performed by oligo-nucleotide- and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH+SNP). Maternal blood samples were analyzed by Illumina VeriSeq non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) to evaluate the cell-free fetal DNA (cfDNA) and the corresponding fetal fraction and the presence of genetic abnormalities; (3) Results: CMA on miscarriage tissues revealed chromosome aneuploidies in 6/10 cases (60%), consisting of trisomy 21 (5 cases) and monosomy X (one case). cfDNA analysis was able to identify all cases of trisomy 21. It failed to detect monosomy X. A large 7p14.1p12.2 deletion concomitant to trisomy 21 was, in one case, detected by cfDNA analysis but it was not confirmed by CMA on miscarriage tissue. (4) Conclusions: cfDNA largely reproduces the chromosomal abnormalities underlying spontaneous miscarriages. However, diagnostic sensitivity of cfDNA analysis is lower with respect to the CMA of miscarriage tissues. In considering the limitations when obtaining biological samples from aborted fetuses suitable for CMA or standard chromosome analysis, cfDNA analysis is a useful, although not exhaustive, tool for the chromosome diagnosis of both early and recurrent pregnancy loss.
The Effect of Cadmium on Sleep Parameters Assessed in Polysomnographic Studies: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Frosztega Weronika , Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Gac Pawel , Lachowicz Gabriella , Poreba Rafal , Mazur Grzegorz , Martynowicz Helena
Published: June 2023

Cadmium is a heavy metal that accumulates in the body due to environmental and occupational exposure. The main form of environmental exposure to cadmium is related to cigarette smoking. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cadmium on numerous sleep parameters with the use of polysomnography. The secondary aim of this study was to investigate if environmental exposure to cadmium is a risk factor for the intensity of sleep bruxism (SB). Methods: A total of 44 adults underwent a full night of polysomnographic examination. The polysomnograms were assessed according to guidelines set out by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM). The concentration of cadmium in the blood and urine was determined spectrophotometrically. Results: The polysomnographic examination confirmed that cadmium, age, male gender and smoking status are independent risk factors for an increase in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). Cadmium alters sleep architecture by favoring sleep fragmentation and decreasing the duration of the rapid eye movement (REM) phase of sleep. However, cadmium exposure is not a risk factor for the development of sleep bruxism. Conclusions: In summary, this study demonstrates that cadmium affects sleep architecture and is a risk factor for the development of obstructive sleep apnea; however, it does not affect sleep bruxism.
Evaluation of the Humoral and Cellular Immune Response Post COVID-19 Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Bensaid Kahina , Lamara Mahammed Lydia , Habchi Khadidja , Saidani Messaoud , Allam Ines , Djidjik Reda
Published: June 2023

Kidney transplantation is a major risk factor for severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The dynamics and the persistence of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in this immunocompromised population remain largely unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the persistence of humoral and cellular immune response in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to establish whether immunosuppressive therapy influenced long-term immunity in this population. We report here the analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and T cell-mediated immune responses in 36 KTRs compared to a control group who recovered from mild COVID-19. After a mean time of 5.22 ± 0.96 months post symptom onset for kidney transplant recipients, 97.22% of patients and 100% of the control group displayed anti-S1 immunoglobulin G SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (p > 0.05). No significant difference was reported in the median of neutralizing antibodies between the groups (97.50 [55.25–99] in KTRs vs. 84 [60–98] in control group, p = 0.35). A significant difference in SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell reactivity was found in the KTRs compared to the healthy controls. The levels of IFNγ release after stimulation by Ag1, Ag2 and Ag3 were higher in the control group compared to the kidney transplant group (p = 0.007, p = 0.025 and p = 0.008, respectively). No statistically significant correlation between humoral and cellular immunity was found in the KTRs. Our findings indicated that humoral immunity persisted similarly for up to 4 to 6 months post symptom onset in both the KTRs and the control group; however, T cell response was significantly higher in the healthy population compared to the immunocompromised patients.
Building Team Medicine in the Management of CNS Metastases
Authors: Baskaran Archit B. , Buerki Robin A. , Khan Osaama H. , Gondi Vinai , Stupp Roger , Lukas Rimas V. , Villaflor Victoria M.
Published: June 2023

CNS metastases are often terminal for cancer patients and occur at an approximately 10-fold higher rate than primary CNS tumors. The incidence of these tumors is approximately 70,000–400,000 cases annually in the US. Advances that have occurred over the past two decades have led to more personalized treatment approaches. Newer surgical and radiation techniques, as well as targeted and immune therapies, have enanled patient to live longer, thus increasing the risk for the development of CNS, brain, and leptomeningeal metastases (BM and LM). Patients who develop CNS metastases have often been heavily treated, and options for future treatment could best be addressed by multidisciplinary teams. Studies have indicated that patients with brain metastases have improved survival outcomes when cared for in high-volume academic institutions using multidisciplinary teams. This manuscript discusses a multidisciplinary approach for both parenchymal brain metastases as well as leptomeningeal metastases implemented in three academic institutions. Additionally, with the increasing development of healthcare systems, we discuss optimizing the management of CNS metastases across healthcare systems and integrating basic and translational science into our clinical care to further improve outcomes. This paper summarizes the existing therapeutic approaches to the treatment of BM and LM and discusses novel and emerging approaches to optimizing access to neuro-oncologic care while simultaneously integrating multidisciplinary teams in the care of patients with BM and LM.
Risk Factors of Adverse Maternal Outcome among SARS-CoV-2 Infected Critically Ill Pregnant Women in Serbia
Authors: Mihajlovic Sladjana , Trifunovic Kubat Jelena , Nikolic Dejan , Santric-Milicevic Milena , Milicic Biljana , Dimic Nemanja , Lackovic Milan
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Serbia has faced devastating losses related to increased mortality rates among men and women of all ages. With 14 registered cases of maternal death in 2021, it became obvious that pregnant women are faced with a serious threat that jeopardises their life as well as the life of their unborn child. Studying the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on maternal outcomes is vivifying and stimulating for many professionals and decision-makers, and knowing the contextual characteristics can facilitate the application of literature findings in practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present findings of maternal mortality in Serbia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infected and critically ill pregnant women. Methods: Clinical status and pregnancy-related features were analysed for a series of 192 critically ill pregnant women with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to the treatment outcome, pregnant women were divided in two study groups: a group of survivors and a group of deceased patients. Results: A lethal outcome was recorded in seven cases. Pregnant women in the deceased group were presenting at admission more commonly with X-ray–confirmed pneumonia, a body temperature of >38 °C, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. They were more likely to have a progression of the disease, to be admitted to intensive care unit, and be dependent from mechanical ventilation, as well as to have nosocomial infection, pulmonary embolism, and postpartum haemorrhage. On average, they were in their early third trimester of pregnancy, presenting more commonly with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia. Conclusions: Initial clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection, such as dyspnea, cough, fatigue, and fever, could be a potent factors in risk stratification and outcome prediction. Prolonged hospitalization, ICU admission, and associated risk of hospital-acquired infections require strict microbiological surveillance and should be a constant reminder of rational antibiotics use. Understanding and identification of risk factors associated with poor maternal outcomes among pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 should warn medical professionals of potentially unwanted outcomes and can be used for organising an individualised treatment for a pregnant patient’s specific needs, including a guide to necessary consultations with medical specialists in various fields.
Primary Prophylaxis of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy: Is It Time to Consider It?
Authors: Faccioli Jessica , Nardelli Silvia , Gioia Stefania , Riggio Oliviero , Ridola Lorenzo
Published: June 2023

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) represents one of the most frequent complications of liver cirrhosis and one of the most debilitating clinical manifestations of liver disease due to the accumulation of toxic substances in the blood and central nervous system [...]
Plasma-Free Strategy for Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Infants < 10 kg: A Retrospective, Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Ranucci Marco , Di Dedda Umberto , Isgrò Giuseppe , Giamberti Alessandro , Cotza Mauro , Cornara Noemi , Baryshnikova Ekaterina
Published: June 2023

Background: Infants < 10 kg undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) may receive either fresh frozen plasma (FFP) or other solutions in the CPB priming volume. The existing comparative studies are controversial. No study addressed the possibility of total avoidance of FFP throughout the whole perioperative course in this patient population. This retrospective, non-inferiority, propensity-matched study investigates an FFP-free strategy compared to an FFP-based strategy. Methods: Among patients <10 kg with available viscoelastic measurements, 18 patients who received a total FFP-free strategy were compared to 27 patients (1:1.5 propensity matching) receiving an FFP-based strategy. The primary endpoint was chest drain blood loss in the first 24 postoperative hours. The level of non-inferiority was settled at a difference of 5 mL/kg. Results: The 24-h chest drain blood loss difference between groups was −7.7 mL (95% confidence interval −20.8 to 5.3) in favor of the FFP-based group, and the non-inferiority hypothesis was rejected. The main difference in coagulation profile was a lower level of fibrinogen concentration and FIBTEM maximum clot firmness in the FFP-free group immediately after protamine, at the admission in the ICU and for 48 postoperative hours. No differences in transfusion of red blood cells or platelet concentrate were observed; patients in the FFP-free group did not receive FFP but required a larger dose of fibrinogen concentrate and prothrombin complex concentrate. Conclusions: An FFP-free strategy in infants < 10 kg operated with CPB is technically feasible but results in an early post-CPB coagulopathy that was not completely compensated with our bleeding management protocol.
Etiologies of Acute Bronchiolitis in Children at Risk for Asthma, with Emphasis on the Human Rhinovirus Genotyping Protocol
Authors: Alsayed Ahmad R. , Abed Anas , Abu-Samak Mahmoud , Alshammari Farhan , Alshammari Bushra
Published: June 2023

This research aims to determine acute bronchiolitis’ causative virus(es) and establish a viable protocol to classify the Human Rhinovirus (HRV) species. During 2021–2022, we included children 1–24 months of age with acute bronchiolitis at risk for asthma. The nasopharyngeal samples were taken and subjected to a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in a viral panel. For HRV-positive samples, a high-throughput assay was applied, directing the VP4/VP2 and VP3/VP1 regions to confirm species. BLAST searching, phylogenetic analysis, and sequence divergence took place to identify the degree to which these regions were appropriate for identifying and differentiating HRV. HRV ranked second, following RSV, as the etiology of acute bronchiolitis in children. The conclusion of the investigation of all available data in this study distributed sequences into 7 HRV-A, 1 HRV-B, and 7 HRV-C types based on the VP4/VP2 and VP3/VP1 sequences. The nucleotide divergence between the clinical samples and the corresponding reference strains was lower in the VP4/VP2 region than in the VP3/VP1 region. The results demonstrated the potential utility of the VP4/VP2 region and the VP3/VP1 region for differentiating HRV genotypes. Confirmatory outcomes were yielded, indicating how nested and semi-nested PCR can establish practical ways to facilitate HRV sequencing and genotyping.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and Neurocognitive Impairment in Subjects with Mild Liver Disease
Authors: Amendola-Pires Marcia Maria , Fakoury Max K. , Salazar Hellen , De Oliveira Silvia B. , Brandão-Mello Carlos Eduardo , Schmidt Sergio L.
Published: June 2023

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related deaths. It is estimated that 40–74% of patients with hepatitis C will experience at least one extrahepatic manifestation within their lifetime. The finding of HCV-RNA sequences in post-mortem brain tissue raises the possibility that HCV infection may affect the central nervous system and be the source of subtle neuropsychological symptoms, even in non-cirrhotic. Our investigation aimed to evaluate whether asymptomatic, HCV-infected subjects showed cognitive dysfunctions. Twenty-eight untreated asymptomatic HCV subjects and 18 healthy controls were tested using three neuropsychological instruments in a random sequence: Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT), and Continuous Visual Attention Test (CVAT). We performed depression screening, liver fibrosis assessment, blood tests, genotyping, and HCV-RNA viral load. A MANCOVA and univariate ANCOVAS were performed to examine group differences (HCV vs. healthy controls) in four scores of the CVAT (omission errors, commission errors, reaction time—RT, and variability of RT—VRT), and the scores derived from the SDMT, and the COWAT. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify which test variables effectively discriminate HCV-infected subjects from healthy controls. There were no group differences in the scores of the COWAT, SDMT, and in two variables of the CVAT (omission and commission errors). In contrast, the performance of the HCV group was poorer than the controls in RT (p = 0.047) and VRT (p = 0.046). The discriminant analysis further indicated that the RT was the most reliable variable to discriminate the two groups with an accuracy of 71.7%. The higher RT exhibited by the HCV group may reflect deficits in the intrinsic-alertness attention subdomain. As the RT variable was found to be the best discriminator between HCV patients and controls, we suggest that intrinsic-alertness deficits in HCV patients may affect the stability of response times increasing VRT and leading to significant lapses in attention. In conclusion, HCV subjects with mild disease showed deficits in RT and intraindividual VRT as compared to healthy controls.
Challenging the Interpretation of White Blood Cell Counts in Patients with Sepsis Following Packed Cell Transfusion
Authors: Klein Moti , Hassan Lior , Katz Rivka , Abuhasira Ran , Boyko Matthew , Gabay Ohad , Frank Dmitry , Binyamin Yair , Novack Victor , Frenkel Amit
Published: June 2023

Critically ill patients with sepsis often require packed cell transfusions (PCT). However, PCT may affect white blood cell (WBC) counts. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study to trace changes in WBC count following PCT in critically ill patients with sepsis. We included 962 patients who received one unit of PCT while hospitalized in a general intensive care unit, and 994 matched patients who did not receive PCT. We calculated the mean values of WBC count for the 24 h before and 24 h after PCT. Multivariable analyses using a mixed linear regression model were performed. The mean WBC count decreased in both groups, but more in the non-PCT group (from 13.9 × 109/L to 12.2 × 109/L versus 13.9 × 109/L to 12.8 × 109/L). A linear regression model showed a mean decrease of 0.45 × 109/L in WBC count over the 24 h following the start of PCT. Every 1.0 × 109/L increase in the WBC count prior to PCT administration showed a corresponding decrease of 0.19 × 109/L in the final WBC count. In conclusion, among critically ill patients with sepsis, PCT causes only mild and clinically non-prominent changes in WBC count.
PEEP Titration Is Markedly Affected by Trunk Inclination in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 ARDS: A Physiologic, Cross-Over Study
Authors: Marrazzo Francesco , Spina Stefano , Zadek Francesco , Forlini Clarissa , Bassi Gabriele , Giudici Riccardo , Bellani Giacomo , Fumagalli Roberto , Langer Thomas
Published: June 2023

Background: Changing trunk inclination affects lung function in patients with ARDS. However, its impacts on PEEP titration remain unknown. The primary aim of this study was to assess, in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 ARDS, the effects of trunk inclination on PEEP titration. The secondary aim was to compare respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in the semi-recumbent (40° head-of-the-bed) and supine-flat (0°) positions following PEEP titration. Methods: Twelve patients were positioned both at 40° and 0° trunk inclination (randomized order). The PEEP associated with the best compromise between overdistension and collapse guided by Electrical Impedance Tomography (PEEPEIT) was set. After 30 min of controlled mechanical ventilation, data regarding respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, and EIT parameters were collected. The same procedure was repeated for the other trunk inclination. Results: PEEPEIT was lower in the semi-recumbent than in the supine-flat position (8 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 2 cmH2O, p < 0.001). A semi-recumbent position with optimized PEEP resulted in higher PaO2:FiO2 (141 ± 46 vs. 196 ± 99, p = 0.02) and a lower global inhomogeneity index (46 ± 10 vs. 53 ± 11, p = 0.008). After 30 min of observation, a loss of aeration (measured by EIT) was observed only in the supine-flat position (−153 ± 162 vs. 27 ± 203 mL, p = 0.007). Conclusions: A semi-recumbent position is associated with lower PEEPEIT and results in better oxygenation, less derecruitment, and more homogenous ventilation compared to the supine-flat position.
Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Calcifications in Overweight or Obese Persons with Prediabetes: Can They Predict T2 Diabetes and Coronary Vascular Events?
Authors: Marjanovic Petkovic Milica , Vuksanovic Miljanka , Sagic Dragan , Radovic Ivana , Soldatovic Ivan , Beljic Zivkovic Teodora
Published: June 2023

Background: It is difficult to predict the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in subjects with prediabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for coronary artery calcifications (CACs) and the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and coronary vascular events (CVEs) after 7 years in 100 overweight or obese persons with prediabetes, according to the baseline coronary artery calcium score (CACS). Methods: Lipids, HbA1c, uric acid, and creatinine were assessed. Glucose, insulin, and c-peptide were determined during an oral glucose tolerance test. Multi-sliced computerized tomography with evaluation of CACS was performed. After 7 years, the subjects were assessed for T2D/CVE. Results: CACs were present in 59 subjects. No single biochemical marker could predict presence of a CAC. After 7 years, T2D developed in 55 subjects (61.8% initially had both IFG and IGT). A gain in weight was the only contributing factor for T2D. Nineteen subjects developed a CVE; increased initial clustering of HOMA-IR > 1.9, LDL > 2.6, and mmol/Land TGL > 1.7 mmol/L and higher CACS were present in that group. Conclusions: No risk factors for CACs could be identified. A gain in weight is associated with T2D development, as are higher CACS and clustering of high LDL+TGL+HOMA-IR with CVEs.
A Neuropsychiatric Assessment of Children with Previous SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Scarselli Veronica , Calderoni Dario , Terrinoni Arianna , Davico Chiara , Pruccoli Giulia , Denina Marco , Carducci Chiara , Smarrazzo Andrea , Martucci Melania , Presicce Mariaelena , Marcotulli Daniele , Arletti Luca , Ferrara Mauro , Garazzino Silvia , Mariani Rosanna , Campana Andrea , Vitiello Benedetto
Published: June 2023

Aim: Concerns have been raised about possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19. The objective of this study was to examine the plausibility of long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 by assessing a sample of children after the resolution of the acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Method: As part of a systematic follow-up assessment of pediatric patients with COVID-19 conducted at two university children’s hospitals, 50 children (56% males) aged 8 to 17 years (median 11.5), 26% with previous multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), without a prior history of neuropsychiatric disorders, received a battery of clinical neuropsychiatric and neuropsychological rating scales that included the Pediatric Migraine Disability Assessment (PedMIDAS), Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-2), Child Depression Inventory (CDI-2), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and the NEPSY II (Neuropsychological Assessment, Second Edition). The assessments were conducted between 1 and 18 months (median 8 months) after the acute infection. Results: The CBCL internalizing symptoms score was in the clinical range for 40% of the participants (vs. a population expected rate of about 10%, p < 0.001). A sleep disturbance was detected in 28%, clinically significant anxiety in 48%, and depressive symptoms in 16%. The NEPSY II scores showed impairment in attention and other executive functions in 52%, and memory deficits in 40% of the children. Conclusions: These data from direct assessment of a sample of children who had SARS-CoV-2 infection show higher than expected rates of neuropsychiatric symptoms, thus supporting the possibility that COVID-19 may have mental health sequelae long after the resolution of the acute infection.
Response to Prone Position in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Patients with Severe ARDS Supported by vvECMO
Authors: Textoris Laura , Gragueb-Chatti Ines , Daviet Florence , Valera Sabine , Sanz Céline , Papazian Laurent , Forel Jean-Marie , Hraiech Sami , Roch Antoine , Guervilly Christophe
Published: June 2023

Background: For moderate to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), lung-protective ventilation combined with prolonged and repeated prone position (PP) is recommended. For the most severe patients for whom this strategy failed, venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (vv-ECMO) allows a reduction in ventilation-induced lung injury and improves survival. Some aggregated data have suggested a benefit regarding survival in pursuing PP during vv-ECMO. The combination of PP and vv-ECMO has been also documented in COVID-19 studies, although there is scarce evidence concerning respiratory mechanics and gas exchange response. The main objective was to compare the physiological response of the first PP during vv-ECMO in two cohorts of patients (COVID-19-related ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS) regarding respiratory system compliance (CRS) and oxygenation changes. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective, and ambispective cohort study in the ECMO center of Marseille, France. ECMO was indicated according to the EOLIA trial criteria. Results: A total of 85 patients were included, 60 in the non-COVID-19 ARDS group and 25 in the COVID-19-related ARDS group. Lung injuries of the COVID-19 cohort exhibited significantly higher severity with a lower CRS at baseline. Concerning the main objective, the first PP during vv-ECMO was not associated with a change in CRS or other variation in respiratory mechanic variables in both cohorts. By contrast, oxygenation was improved only in the non-COVID-19 ARDS group after a return to the supine position. Mean arterial pressure was higher during PP as compared with a return to the supine position in the COVID-19 group. Conclusion: We found distinct physiological responses to the first PP in vv-ECMO-supported ARDS patients according to the COVID-19 etiology. This could be due to higher severity at baseline or specificity of the disease. Further investigations are warranted.
Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) in Relation to Inflammatory Biomarkers and Clinical Outcome in COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rogalski Pawel , Rogalska Magdalena , Martonik Diana , Rusak Malgorzata , Pawlus Joanna , Chociej-Stypulkowska Joanna , Dabrowska Milena , Flisiak Robert
Published: June 2023

Background: The pathogenesis of hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients is complex and not fully understood. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is a viscoelastic method that allows the definition of a patient’s hemostatic profile. This study aimed to assess the relationship between ROTEM® parameters, the profile of inflammatory cytokines, and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Methods: A total of 63 participants (n = 29 symptomatic non-ICU COVID-19 patients, and n = 34 healthy controls) were prospectively included in the study. We assessed the relationship between the parameters of three ROTEM® tests (NATEM®, EXTEM®, and FIBTEM®) and levels of CRP, interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 12p70, and clinical outcomes. Results: ROTEM® indicated hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients in all the tests performed. The levels of all inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients. NATEM more frequently detected hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients compared to EXTEM. The strongest correlations with inflammatory biomarkers and CT severity score were with FIBTEM parameters. The elevated maximum clot elasticity (MCE) in FIBTEM was the strongest predictor of poor outcomes. Conclusions: Increased FIBTEM MCE may be associated with greater severity of COVID-19. Non-activated ROTEM (NATEM test) seems to be more valuable for detecting hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients compared to the tissue factor activated test (EXTEM).
Potential of Transplanted Seagrass Meadows on Wave Attenuation in a Fetch-Limited Environment
Authors: Sierra Joan Pau , Gracia Vicente , Castell Xavier , García-León Manuel , Mösso César , Lin-Ye Jue
Published: June 2023

In this paper, the effectiveness of transplanted (either created or restored) seagrass meadows as a coastal protection measure is assessed through a five-step methodology. The analysis is focused on a stretch of the Catalan coast (NW Mediterranean) which is a fetch-limited environment. The results show that even considering conservative values for the meadow parameters (plant diameter, meadow density and canopy height), significant reductions of the annual average wave heights reaching the beach may be obtained, reducing flooding and erosion risks. Therefore, the investment in the conservation and restauration of seagrass meadows for protecting coastal areas from erosion and flooding is a measure that must be considered, due to the multiple benefits that they provide including ecosystem services. In addition, the proposed methodology may be a useful tool for coastal managers to help them in the design of seagrass meadows for coastal protection.
The Distribution of Ferritins in Marine Copepods
Authors: Roncalli Vittoria , Uttieri Marco , Carotenuto Ylenia
Published: June 2023

Iron is an essential element for the functioning of cellular processes. Ferritins, the major intracellular iron storage proteins, convert the free Fe2+ into the nontoxic Fe3+ which can be stored and transported where needed. To date, little is known about the iron metabolism in copepods; however, in these crustaceans, ferritins have been used as biomarkers of stress and diapause. A limiting factor of these studies has been the use of a single ferritin transcript as a biomarker. In this paper, we in silico mined the publicly available copepod transcriptomes to characterize the multiplicity of the ferritin transcripts in different orders and families. We also examined the expression of ferritin in three ecologically important copepods—Calanus finmarchicus, C. helgolandicus and Temora stylifera—during development and under stress conditions. A full-length transcript encoding ferritin heavy chain has been identified in all 27 mined transcriptomes, with 50% of the species possessing multiple transcripts. Ferritin expression increased in C. finmarchicus during the early–late development transition, and in T. stylifera females exposed to oxylipins at sea. Overall, our results suggest that copepod ferritins can be involved in iron storage, larval development and stress response, thus representing potential biomarker genes for ocean health status monitoring.
Resilience and Attachment in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Craba Ambra , Marano Giuseppe , Kotzalidis Georgios , Avallone Carla , Lisci Francesco , Crosta Maria , Callea Antonino , Monti Laura , De Berardis Domenico , Lai Carlo , Balocchi Marta , Sessa Ilenia , Harnic Désirée , Sani Gabriele , Mazza Marianna
Published: June 2023

Background: Resilience represents one of the fundamental elements of attachment and has often been investigated in mood disorders. This study aims to investigate possible correlations between attachment and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Methods: 106 patients (51 MDD, 55 BD) and 60 healthy controls (HCs) were administered the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), the Snaith–Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS), the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Experiences in Close Relationship (ECR). Results: MDD and BD patients did not significantly differ from each other according to the HAM-D-21, HAM-A, YMRS, SHAPS, and TAS, while they scored higher than HCs on all these scales. Patients in the clinical group scored significantly lower on CD-RISC resilience than HCs (p < 0.01). A lower proportion of secure attachment was found among patients with MDD (27.4%) and BD (18.2%) compared to HCs (90%). In both clinical groups, fearful attachment prevailed (39.2% patients with MDD; 60% BD). Conclusions: Our results highlight the central role played by early life experiences and attachment in participants with mood disorders. Our study confirms the data from previous research showing a significant positive correlation between the quality of attachment and the development of resilience capacity, and supports the hypothesis that attachment constitutes a fundamental aspect of resilience capacity.
How Do Financial Market Outcomes Affect Gambling?
Authors: Ramezani Cyrus A. , Ahern James J.
Published: June 2023

A large literature in behavioral finance explores how gambling sentiments influences trading in stocks. This paper considers the reverse phenomena; the impact of financial market outcomes on aggregate gambling expenditures. We expect the wealth effect of higher realized stock returns will increase gambling (entertainment good). Similarly, we expect rising volatility will attract gamblers to equity markets seeking thrill and skewed payouts. Utilizing novel horse wagering data (1934–2020), we study the impact of these forces on gambling expenditures. Using corporate bond spreads as a proxy for business cycles, we find that, in addition to financial market outcomes, price of wagering, incomes, and availability of competing betting products are important drivers of gambling. We also find that, ceteris paribus, gambling rises during recessions. Our findings will be of interest to policy makers and the finance industry, particularly as day trading, sports betting, online casinos, and other gambling gains broad public acceptance.
Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Rural Land Commodification at Township Scale: A Case Study in Shijiazhuang City, North China
Authors: Fu Lin , Sanada Junko
Published: June 2023

The rapid spread of capitalism in rural areas has facilitated rural land commodification (RLC). While some scholars have studied RLC, few have analyzed its spatial characteristics. Taking Shijiazhuang city as a study area, this paper applies Moran’s I method and spatial regression models to analyze township-scale RLC patterns and driving factors. The study investigates four common pathways of RLC: production-oriented farmland, tourism-oriented farmland, rural homesteads, and construction land commodification which are predominantly found in urban fringe areas. The distribution of RLC demonstrates positive spatial autocorrelation, characterized by spatial aggregation and polarization. Population, economic level, agriculture, and location conditions are identified as key drivers, and their specific mechanisms vary across development pathways. Future efforts should focus on ensuring balanced and coordinated RLC development in accordance with regional conditions and capacity, while also addressing the implications arising from the coexistence of RLC with rural aging and poverty.