bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in the ultrastructure of Capsicum annuum L. seedlings roots under aluminum stress conditions
Authors: Konarska Agata
Published: May 2013

The effect of aluminum was investigated on the cell ultrastructure of roots of fourteen-day-old 'Trapez' red pepper seedlings grown in water culture. Disorders in the cell structure were observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An analysis of longitudinal sections of the apical region of the control plants' roots showed that cells of the cap and cells of the meristematic region had an arrangement and shape typical for these root regions, and cell organelles were properly developed. Changes in the cell structure under the influence of aluminum involved a reduction in the number of starch grains in the leucoplasts of the cap, the formation of lobate nuclei and a reduction in the number of cisternae in the dictyosomes as well as the damage of the cell membranes. Moreover, the swelling of mitochondria was observed with a simultaneous reduction in the number of mitochondrial cristae or the bursting of the membrane of these structures. In the vacuoles of the investigated root section, the presence of numerous electron-opaque large-sized formations was found, being most probably aluminum deposits. The cell wall, often thickened, was wavy or the formation of two walls in close distance was observed. The obtained results prove the high sensitivity of the studied red pepper cultivar to aluminum stress.
Ecological features of flowers and the amount of pollen released in Corylus avellana (L.) and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.
Authors: Piotrowska Krystyna
Published: May 2013

Hazel and alder bloom as one of the first plants in climatic conditions of Poland. In the present study, detailed observations were made of the structure of flowers of Corylus avellana L. and Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Pollen yield of the abovementioned species was determined. The number of pollen grains in the theca, anther, flower and inflorescence was calculated. A comparison was made of the number of pollen grains of these taxa recorded during the atmospheric pollen seasons analysed over a period of 8 years in the conditions of Lublin. The study demonstrates that pollen yield of the common hazel inflorescence was 66 mg, whereas for black alder it was 120 mg. It was found that the number of pollen grains produced by the alder inflorescence was 2.2 times higher than by the hazel inflorescence. The atmospheric pollen season of the studied plant taxa was recorded at similar dates, but alder pollen was in much larger concentrations.
The influence of weather conditions on the course of pollen seasons of alder (Alnus spp.), hazel (Corylus spp.) and birch (Betula spp.) in Lublin (2001-2006)
Authors: Dąbrowska Agnieszka
Published: May 2013

The start and rate of florescence of Alnus, Corylus and Betula are dependent on meteorological conditions. In the present paper we have analysed the effect of mean, maximum and minimum temperature, relative air humidity and precipitation on the onset of the pollen season as well as on its length and annual count of pollen grains in alder, hazel and birch. The measurement of pollen fall was done by the gravimetric methods with the use of Durham sampler. Correlation coefficients were calculated between the determined characteristics of the pollen season and weather conditions. In the six-year research period 2001-2006 it was observed that low temperatures in January produced a delayed start of the pollen season in alder, hazel and birch. The beginning of flowering in these taxa was also influenced by thermal conditions prevailing directly before the season (ca. 10 days). The pollen season of the trees in question tended to be prolonged alongside with the increase in relative air humidity, but it was shortened due to higher temperatures. The volume of alder and hazel pollen release increased together with the rise in relative air humidity and precipitation. The annual counts of birch pollen increased along with rising temperature and decreasing relative air humidity and precipitation in the season.
Pollination of Polish red list plants: a preliminary statistical survey
Authors: Zych Marcin , Jakubiec Andrzej
Published: May 2013

One of the important problems of modern conservation biology is the lack of reliable data on plant pollination systems, especially for taxa threatened with extinction. This paper is an attempt to collect and analyze the available literature data on pollination of Polish red list plants. The Polish red list includes 469 angiosperm taxa, over 53% of them are insect-pollinated and visited mostly by bees and flies, insects that are also declining in Europe. These numbers however are mainly based on lists of fl ower visitors and detailed studies of pollination biology or breeding system are available for less than 20% of the taxa, with further 10% almost completely unstudied in terms of their life histories. The paper indicates that there is an urgent need to study plant-pollinator relationships in order to better conserve the biodiversity in local and global scales.
Flowering, nectar production and insects visits in two cultivars of Cucurbita maxima Duch. flowers
Authors: Dmitruk Marta
Published: May 2013

The study was conducted on experimental plots in the conditions of Lublin. In the years 1998-2000 flowering, nectar secretion and insect visitation of male and female flowers of two winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) cultivars: 'Ambar' and 'Amazonka', were studied. The plants flowered from July to October. The flower life span was within the range of 7-10 hours. Female flowers of cv. Ambar were marked by the most abundant nectar secretion (129 mg). The nectar sugar content can be estimated as average (25%-35%). Winter squash nectar contained 84% of sucrose as well as 8-9% of fructose and 7%-8% of glucose. Flowers of the studied taxa were frequently foraged by the honey bee (66%-98% of total insects) and bumblebees (1%-30%).
Pollination, fertilization and fruit formation in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Sękara Agnieszka , Bieniasz Monika
Published: May 2013

The aim of the investigations was to determine the regularity of pollination and fertilization as dependent on the phenotype of flower in eggplant. The experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 at the Agricultural University in Kraków, Poland. The object of the investigations was eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) 'Epic F1', grown in the open field. Flower phenotype (long-, medium- or short-styled), fruit setting and the number of seeds per fruit were recorded on experimental plants during the flowering period. The number of pollen tubes in the middle of the style and the number on fertilized ovules in ovaries were evaluated for all types of flowers. The course of pollination was different in particular types of eggplant flowers. Differences concerned only the number of pollen tubes and fertilized ovules of short, medium- and long-styled flowers and the number of seeds in the fruit. There was not observed any incompatibility in the growth on pollen tubes in the styles of all types of eggplant flowers. Stereomicroscopy observations of cross sections of the ovaries do not show differences in the formation and position of the ovules on the placenta. Short-styled flowers were characterized by significantly lower pollination and fruit set efficiency and they produced fruits with a significantly lower number of seeds. The low number of pollen tubes, fertilized ovules and seeds can be a straight consequence of the morphology of short-styled flowers: small-sized stigmas and spatial separation of anther pores and stigmas, which makes pollination diffi cult.
The characterization of the blooming of woodbine Lonicera periclymenum L.
Authors: Zieliński Jarosław
Published: May 2013

This paper presents results of research, conducted in the years 1999-2004, on the influ-ence of cultivation conditions - light exposure and plant top-dressing - on the blooming of woodbine Lonicera periclymenum L. Seven features of the course and rate of blooming were investigated. Cultivation in twilight and using ammonium phosphate as plant top-dressing, among the experimental factors used, were the most profitable to ornamental values con-nected with blooming.
The influence of cultivation method on the flowering of Salvia horminum L. 'Oxford Blue'
Authors: Pogroszewska Elżbieta , Laskowska Halina
Published: May 2013

Salvia horminum L.) 'Oxford Blue' was grown from transplants or it was direct seeded. Four sowing dates were applied: 15 March or 30 March - in a greenhouse, in order to obtain transplants, 13 April, 27 April and 11 May - sown directly into the ground. Three plant densities were applied: 25 plants×m2, 16 plants×m2, 12 plants×m2. It was found that Horminum sage can be grown from transplants or direct seeded. The cultivation from transplants is more advantageous due to the earlier flowering of plants, by about two weeks, and a better quality of inflorescences evaluated in terms of their length and size of bracteoles. Direct sowing of Horminum sage at two-week intervals from the 2nd decade of April till the 2nd decade of May ensures that by the end of August mature inflorescence stems are obtained, ready for cutting. A delay in the date of sowing results in the development of significantly shorter inflorescence stems, irrespective of the plant density. Plant density does not affect significantly the length of the period of inflorescence formation and the date of flowering, but a larger spacing is favourable to plants growing big, what results in a larger fresh weight of the above-ground portion. Sage grown from transplants responses to favourable climatic conditions by the development of bigger inflorescences.
Evaluation of the development and yielding potential of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. under the climatic conditions of Europe. Part one: accomodation of Chenopodium quinoa (Willd.) to different conditions
Authors: Gęsiński Krzysztof
Published: May 2013

Based on the evaluation of selected varieties of Chenopodium quinoa, their requirements were identified; it was shown which varieties demonstrated the best effects in what conditions. It was found that the best varieties for Europe's conditions were E-DK-4-PQCIP and RU-5-PQCIP. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety showed the best effects under the conditions of cluster II which included e.g. Bydgoszcz (Poland) and cluster IV which included Southern European countries (Greece and Italy), while the best effects found in RU-5-PQCIP variety were identified in cluster I which included Sweden. E-DK-4-PQCIP variety in cluster II showed a very high yield of green matter and a mean seed yield, and in cluster IV - a very high seed yield and a high yield of green matter.
Ecological features of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. flowers and characteristics of Ambrosia L. pollen seasons in the condition of Lublin (Poland) in the years 2001-2008
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Piotrowska Krystyna
Published: May 2013

In the study, the biology of fl owering of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. was investigated and the pattern of the Ambrosia pollen seasons in Lublin in the years 2001-2008 was characterised. The structure of male and female A. artemisiifolia flowers was observed in cultivated plants under controlled conditions in the 2000 vegetative season. The number of pollen grains produced by the stamen, flower, inflorescence and plant was determined. It was shown that in A. artemisiifolia flowers nonfunctional pistils occurred with a reduced ovary, performing the role of a pollen presenter. The pistils found in female flowers differed significantly in their morphological features from the pistils in male flowers. It was calculated that one stamrn produced an average of 3 375 pollen grains, whereas one flower 16 875. A plant which produces 20 racemes may release over 420 million pollen grains into the atmosphere. The Ambrosia pollen seasons in particular years had different patterns. In some years, the days of maximum concentration were in the second half of August, in other years in the first half of September. Over the 8-year period, the maximum daily concentration had a mean value of 116 pollen grains in m3 (31-311). Annual total concentrations of Ambrosia pollen grains ranged between 194 and 1200 grains, and it was 523 grains on the average. The pollen seasons were characterised by the occurrence of several-day-long interruptions in the presence of airborne pollen in the atmosphere of Lublin, which may indicate the long-distance transport of Ambrosia pollen.
Photosynthetic activity of some domestic and foreign cultivars of Lolium perenne L. under conditions of sodium chloride salinity
Authors: Borowski Edward
Published: May 2013

In pot experiments carried out in 2005 and 2006, tolerance to sodium chloride salinity of 4 cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) ('Nira', 'Stadion', 'Ronija', 'Darius') was studied. Three concentrations of NaCl in medium (earth + sand): 0.0 mM (control); 50 mM; 100 mM, were used in the investigations. In three successive crops of grass, fresh weight yield of leaves, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis intensity, content of chlorophyll and PS II maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm) were determined. The obtained results showed that perennial ryegrass is a species tolerant to NaCl salinity. Among the studied cultivars, cv. 'Ronija' showed the highest tolerance, whereas cv. 'Nira' showed the lowest. The growth of perennial ryegrass plants under salinity conditions was limited by low stomatal conductance of leaves and photosynthesis, but not by the photosynthetic activity of chlorophyll and its contents.
Spatial analysis of plant species distribution among small water bodies in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Bosiacka Beata , Pacewicz Krzysztof , Pieńkowski Paweł
Published: May 2013

Due to their small size (0.02-1.0 ha), distinct boundaries, and conditions highly contrasting with those in the surrounding area, midfield water bodies are regarded as the so-called habitat islands. Their effective conservation calls for knowledge on their inhabitants' dispersal potential. However, direct empirical data are available for very few species only, but dispersal potential of a species may be inferred indirectly, from its distribution. The study addressed the question whether there is spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of plant species in midfield water bodies, or if the distribution is random. Spatial distribution of the midfield water bodies surveyed was analysed using the CrimeStat software, while spatial autocorrelation in distribution of 29 species was explored with the joincount.test routine of R CRAN software. Explorative spatial data analysis (ESDA) involving join-count statistics showed the presence of positive spatial autocorrelation in the distribution of ten hydro- and helophytic species. In their case, ESDA made it possible to reject the random distribution hypothesis, which opens up an avenue for exploring spatial patterns. Activities promoting the occurrence of species with limited dispersal potential should take into account their preferences in terms of shorter distances between neighbouring sites. This should make it possible to plan conservation of midfield water bodies not only as refuges, but also as stepping stone habitats facilitating migrations of wild species growing in an agricultural landscape.
The effect of cultivation conditions on growth, sporulation and formation of morphological structures of Topospora myrtilli (Feltg.) boerema
Authors: Szmagara Mariusz , Zalewska Ewa
Published: May 2013

The growth of Topospora myrtilli isolates, obtained in the years 2001-2003, was studied on PDA medium at -10, +2, +6, +12, +18, +22 and +28°C. The growth and sporulation of the isolates were observed at +22°C on the following culture media: PDA, maltose - MA and mineral - MSA, as well as on two versions of oat media, one containing 20 g of oat flakes per litre (OA-20), and the other containing 50 g of oat flakes per litre (OA-50). The observations of the linear growth of colonies of the studied strains were carried out during a period of 21 days, whereas the formation of morphological structures until the 52nd day of cultivation. It was found that T. myrtilli can grow and sporulate in a wide range of temperature, even at +2°C. The pathogen growth activates with the increase of temperature, up to the optimal temperature, i.e. from +18°C to +22°C. The increase of temperature to +28°C did not favour the mycelium growth and prevents pathogen sporulation. PDA, OA-20, OA- 50 and MA media can be considered to be the most suitable for the growth and development of T. myrtilli, due to the intensive growth and formation of typical macro- and microscopic features. It is necessary to emphasise the great usefulness of oat medium, especially OA-50, for the cultivation of Topospora myrtilli, in the aspect of sporulation of the fungus. It was found that mineral medium is unsuitable due to the formation of mycelium with an untypical structure and colouration as well as late conidial sporulation.
Malting barley seed health depending on different fungicide treatment
Authors: Majchrzak Barbara , Dubis Bogdan , Okorski Adam
Published: May 2013

Field studies were carried out in the 2004 - 2005 growing seasons. The mycological analysis of malting barley (varieties Prestige and Sezam) grains was performed twice: on seeds stored for 30 days and on seeds stored for five months. The influence of fungicide treatment on species diversity and the amount of fungal pathogens on kernels of both varieties of malting barley were determined in the studies. Main fungal pathogens of both varieties of malting barley were field fungal species, such as: Alternaria alternata, Epicocum purpurascens, and fungi of the genus Fusarium. The extension of the grain storage period to five months resulted in an increased share of pathogenic species.
PCCP risk management—State of the art and strategy optimization
Authors: Roller John J.
Published: May 2013

During the past 70 years, prestressed‐concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) has been used to construct approximately 19,000 mi of US water transmission mains. Numerous unanticipated performance shortfalls, caused largely by the actions of one manufacturer during the 1970s, resulted in concerns among utilities related to the use of PCCP that continue to this day. An emerging PCCP risk management strategy is to use the combination of electromagnetic inspection to gauge the current extent of deterioration, finite‐element‐based structural analysis to gauge the significance of deterioration relative to risk of failure, and acoustic monitoring to gauge the rate of deterioration. This article examines the state of the art as it relates to PCCP risk assessment and provides constructive input related to the limitations associated with the various technologies currently being used. Additionally, suggestions for improvements and ways to get the most out of a risk assessment are given.
Levantamento epidemiológico da hanseníase no nordeste brasileiro durante o período de 2001-2010
Authors: Oliveira Vagne Melo , Assis Caio Rodrigo Dias de , Silva Kaline Catiely Campos
Published: May 2013

É uma doença infecciosa, crônica, de grande importância para a saúde pública devido à sua magnitude e seu alto poder incapacitante, atingindo principalmente a faixa etária economicamente ativa. Ela acomete principalmente a pele e os nervos periféricos, mas também se manifesta como uma doença sistêmica comprometendo articulações, olhos, testículos, gânglios e outros órgãos. O alto potencial incapacitante da hanseníase está diretamente relacionado à capacidade de penetração do Mycobacterium leprae na célula nervosa e seu poder imunogênico. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se delinear a situação epidemiológica dos Estados da Região Nordeste, durante o período de 2001 a 2010, baseado nos registros nos relatórios de situação epidemiológica do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância em Saúde, publicados no ano 2011. Segundo informações do Sinan/SVS-MS, em 2010, a situação epidemiológica da hanseníase no Brasil, era de 34.894 casos novos, 2.461 (7,1%) em menores de 15 anos, coeficiente geral de detecção 18,2/100 mil habitantes. O coeficiente de detecção < 15 anos foi de 5,4/100 mil habitantes. Queda significante no coeficiente de detecção em todas as regiões geográficas de 4,0% ao ano e 31,5% no período em média nos últimos 10 anos. Especificamente, nos Estados da região Nordeste, apesar da importante redução do coeficiente de prevalência de hanseníase em Alagoas (atualmente: 1,1 casos/10 mil habitantes), Bahia (1,9 casos/10 mil habitantes), Ceará (1,1 casos/10 mil habitantes), Maranhão (5,7 casos/10 mil habitantes), Paraíba (1,5 casos/10 mil habitantes), Pernambuco (2,7 casos/10 mil habitantes), Piauí (3,5 casos/10 mil habitantes) e Sergipe (1,2 casos/10 mil habitantes), os Estados da região Nordeste demandam intensificar as ações para eliminação da doença, justificadas por um padrão de média endemicidade segundo os parâmetros de prevalência. O Rio Grande do Norte, embora tenha havido uma importante redução do coeficiente de prevalência de hanseníase, que atualmente é de 0,74 casos/10 mil habitantes, o Estado demanda intensificação das ações para eliminação da doença em alguns municípios que ainda não alcançaram o nível de eliminação. Os dados revelam a importância das ações da vigilância sanitária de cada Estado para a diminuição e posterior erradicação desta enfermidade.
Qualidade de vida em profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) no Vale do Araguaia, Amazônia Legal, Brasil
Authors: Ferrari Graziele Souza Lira , Wadi Jamal Mahmud Lucas , Ferrari Carlos Kusano Bucalen
Published: May 2013

A qualidade de vida dos profissionais de saúde é fundamental para que estes possam desempenhar com segurança, motivação e eficácia seus serviços à população. Neste sentido, elaborou-se um estudo descritivo e transversal para avaliar a qualidade de vida em profissionais da atenção primária à saúde do SUS no Vale do Araguaia (MT/GO). 45 profissionais (60% do total de profissionais) de unidades da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) e de um Centro de Saúde de Aragarças (GO), Barra do Garças (MT) e Pontal do Araguaia (MT) concordaram e participaram do estudo. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada utilizando-se o questionário de qualidade de vida da OMS (WHOQOL-bref) validado no Brasil. Resultados: embora 18% não necessitem de tratamento médico, 26,7% precisam de vez em quando e 13,3% precisam muito de cuidados médicos. Ademais, 5% aceitam muito pouco sua aparência física e 22% tem apenas uma aceitação razoável da mesma. Cerca de 9% declararam ter pouca ou nenhuma energia para realizar as tarefas cotidianas, enquanto que 17,8% estiveram totalmente insatisfeitos com o sono. Em relação à frequência de sentimentos psicoafetivos negativos 60% tiveram às vezes, 11% frequentemente, 2% quase sempre e 27% nunca. Embora se considerem felizes, com disposição física e boa qualidade de vida, parcela considerável dos profissionais de saúde da atenção básica do Vale do Araguaia são afetados por problemas de saúde, distúrbios psicoafetivos e problemas de sono.
A Blended Learning Approach for an Electronic Instrumentation Course
Authors: Poncela Alberto
Published: May 2013

This paper presents a blended learning approach to teaching an Electronic Instrumentation course for a degree in Telecommunications Engineering at the University of Málaga, Spain. This work describes the combination of virtual training, implemented in a Moodle platform, and classical attendance training. One of the key aspects of this blended approach is the inclusion of new pedagogical materials. Methodological strategies and innovations have been applied in teaching practice on a real Electronic Instrumentation course during the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 academic years. The course has also been evaluated through the students' opinions. Results derived from this evaluation have been successful and promising in improving the learning experience, with a high level of acceptance and satisfaction with the course organisation and evolution.
How to Automatically Set an Initial Angle for Balance Control of a Cart-Pole System: An Education Case
Authors: Qian Dianwei , Yi Jianqiang , Zhao Dongbin
Published: May 2013

The cart-pole system is one of the most popular laboratory experiments for control education. Balance control of the system is usually utilised for control theory education. Inevitably, one has to set an initial pole-angle. But it is hard to accurately set the angle by hand. This paper first models the system. Then, a nonlinearity measure is introduced to analyse the control problems of the system. Afterwards, an energy-based controller is employed to automatically and accurately set the deviation for balance control, and a balance controller is subsequently utilised to stabilise the system. Physical experiments are carried out to verify the validity of this method for students.
A Feedback System Dynamic Response Analysis by Root-Locus Method Using Excel Spreadsheet and XNumbers Add-In Package
Authors: Mirapalheta Gustavo C. , Penedo Sergio R. M. , Justo João F.
Published: May 2013

The Microsoft® Excel spreadsheet is a formidable educational tool but lacks native functions that would allow easy working with complex numbers and polynomials, so preventing its widespread use in most electrical engineering courses. Such limitations could be overcome using the open source XNumbers add-in package, bringing to Excel new numerical capabilities which have been available to students only in high-end scientific packages, such as Matlab® or Scilab. Here, we present an application of those features in control engineering courses, treating the specific case of a second-order feedback system with dynamic response by the root-locus method.
A Software Tool for Available Transfer Capability Teaching Purposes
Authors: Šošić Darko , Škokljev Ivan
Published: May 2013

This paper presents an educational software tool with a user-friendly interface, which can be used for evaluation of available transfer capability (ATC). The software was developed using the MATLAB1–2 software package. The software is designed for engineers who are involved in trading in electrical energy and for students (undergraduate and Master's) of Electrical Engineering who could, by using the software, gain a better insight into the theoretical knowledge and solve some practical engineering problems. ATC model limitations include the usual d.c. load flow inherent limitations as well as line thermal limits, prevalent in the literature on ATC. The structure and software capabilities are presented within the example of an ATC sensitivity study on a five node/seven line transmission network, used for zonal market activities tests.
Sequence-dependent base pair stepping dynamics in XPD helicase unwinding
Authors: Qi Zhi , Pugh Robert A , Spies Maria , Chemla Yann R
Published: May 2013

Helicases couple the chemical energy of ATP hydrolysis to directional translocation along nucleic acids and transient duplex separation. Understanding helicase mechanism requires that the basic physicochemical process of base pair separation be understood. This necessitates monitoring helicase activity directly, at high spatio-temporal resolution. Using optical tweezers with single base pair (bp) resolution, we analyzed DNA unwinding by XPD helicase, a Superfamily 2 (SF2) DNA helicase involved in DNA repair and transcription initiation. We show that monomeric XPD unwinds duplex DNA in 1-bp steps, yet exhibits frequent backsteps and undergoes conformational transitions manifested in 5-bp backward and forward steps. Quantifying the sequence dependence of XPD stepping dynamics with near base pair resolution, we provide the strongest and most direct evidence thus far that forward, single-base pair stepping of a helicase utilizes the spontaneous opening of the duplex. The proposed unwinding mechanism may be a universal feature of DNA helicases that move along DNA phosphodiester backbones.
Sonographic Findings of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Its Involvement in the Parapharyngeal Space
Authors: Pan Dai , Zhu Shang-Yong , Xu Yuan-Bing , Wu Ya-Fei , Lun Hai-Mei , Wei Yu-Ya
Published: May 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine the sonographic performance in pathologically proven cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and its involvement in the parapharyngeal space.

Methods

The study included 58 patients being treated for suspected nasopharyngeal carcinoma detected by routine nasopharyngoscopy who underwent pathologic biopsy. Sonography was performed immediately thereafter with a convex array transducer in both the B‐mode and color mode. Forty‐five of the 58 patients (90 parapharyngeal spaces) in whom nasopharyngeal carcinoma was proved by both sonography and pathologic biopsy underwent preradiotherapy magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The sonographic findings were compared to the pathologic findings. The sonographic findings of parapharyngeal space involvement were correlated with the MRI findings.

Results

The normal anatomy of the nasopharynx and parapharyngeal space, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and its relationship with the parapharyngeal space were well shown on sonography. The sensitivity of sonography for detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 97.8%, and the specificity was 41.7%. The sonographic findings of parapharyngeal space involvement had a high degree of agreement with MRI (κ = 0.757; P < .001).

Conclusions

These promising initial data indicate that sonography may be a useful tool for diagnosing nasopharyngeal carcinoma and defining the relationship between the tumor and the parapharyngeal space.
Effect of Low‐Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7–Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Nonunion Tissue‐Derived Cells In Vitro
Authors: Koga Takaaki , Lee Sang Yang , Niikura Takahiro , Koh Akihiro , Dogaki Yoshihiro , Okumachi Etsuko , Akisue Toshihiro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Kurosaka Masahiro
Published: May 2013

Objectives

Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (US) has been shown to have positive effects on the healing of nonunions, and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP‐7) is known to be a strong stimulator of osteogenic differentiation. Recently, we showed that nonunion tissue contains multilineage mesenchymal progenitor cells, suggesting that nonunion tissue–derived cells may play an important role during the healing process of nonunions. In this study, we investigated whether low‐intensity pulsed US promoted BMP‐7–induced osteogenic differentiation of nonunion tissue–derived cells in vitro.

Methods

Nonunion tissue–derived cells were isolated from 7 patients. The cells were divided into two groups: (1) BMP‐7 alone, consisting of nonunion tissue–derived cells cultured in osteogenic medium containing BMP‐7 without low‐intensity pulsed US treatment; and (2) BMP‐7 + low‐intensity pulsed US, consisting of nonunion tissue–derived cells cultured in osteogenic medium containing BMP‐7 with low‐intensity pulsed US treatment. The osteogenic differentiation potential and proliferation of nonunion tissue–derived cells were compared between the two groups.

Results

The alkaline phosphatase activity, gene expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and runt‐related transcription factor 2, and mineralization were higher in the BMP‐7 + low‐intensity pulsed US group than in the BMP‐7–alone group. There was no significant difference in cell proliferation between the two groups.

Conclusions

These findings show a significant effect of low‐intensity pulsed US on the osteogenic differentiation of nonunion tissue–derived cells induced by BMP‐7. This study may provide substantial evidence for the clinical combined application of BMP‐7 and low‐intensity pulsed US for nonunion treatment.
Three‐Dimensional Sonography for Diagnosis of Rectovaginal Septum Endometriosis
Authors: Pascual Maria Angela , Guerriero Stefano , Hereter Lourdes , Barri-Soldevila Pedro , Ajossa Silvia , Graupera Betlem , Rodriguez Ignacio
Published: May 2013

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the interobserver agreement for diagnosis of deep endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum using introital 3‐dimensional (3D) sonography.

Methods

Two experienced observers (observers A and B) performed a retrospective review of stored 3D sonographic volumes from a sample of 84 consecutive patients with a clinical suspicion of endometriosis. Each observer, independently and blinded to each other, evaluated the presence or absence of involvement of the rectovaginal septum. When no lesion was seen, the observers were asked to judge whether the acquisition of the volume was suboptimal for interpretation or whether no lesion on the rectovaginal septum was detectable. One inadequate acquisition case was discarded; a total of 83 cases were evaluated. To calculate the performance of introital 3D sonography, 7 discordant cases were reviewed by a third observer. Interobserver agreement was assessed by calculating the κ index, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for the 3 observers were also determined.

Results

Interobserver agreement was 0.816 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.93), representing very good agreement. Sensitivity was 74.1%; specificity, 85.7%; positive predictive value, 71.4%; and negative predictive value, 87.3%.

Conclusions

Our results show that introital 3D sonography for diagnosis of deep endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum is reproducible, with very good interobserver agreement.
Imaging Analysis of Cervical Elastography for Prediction of Successful Induction of Labor at Term
Authors: Hwang Han Sung , Sohn In Sook , Kwon Han Sung
Published: May 2013

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of imaging analysis of cervical elastography to predict successful induction of labor in nulliparous women at term.

Methods

Successful labor induction was defined as onset of active labor within 9 hours or delivery within 24 hours. The Bishop score, cervical length, and cervical elastographic parameters, including cervical area, mean elastographic index, and cervical hard area, were measured and analyzed by the image analyzer.

Results

The areas under the curves for the cervical length, cervical area, Bishop score, mean elastographic index, and cervical hard area were 0.63, 0.64, 0.47, 0.68, and 0.70, respectively, for onset of active labor within 9 hours and 0.70, 0.68, 0.63, 0.71, and 0.76 for delivery within 24 hours. The combination of cervical length and elastographic data was more predictable for successful labor induction (P < .05).

Conclusions

Imaging analysis of cervical elastography is available to predict successful induction of labor.
Adolescent disclosure and concealment: Longitudinal and concurrent associations with aggression
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E. , Nelson David A. , Coyne Sarah M. , Hart Craig H.
Published: May 2013

This longitudinal study assessed the association between prior (preschool) and concurrent physical and relational aggression as they relate to Russian adolescents' disclosure and concealment patterns with their parents. In the initial preschool study, there were 106 boys and 106 girls (mean age = 60.24 months, SD = 7.81). Both peer nominations and teacher ratings of aggression were obtained for these children. Ten years later, the majority of these children (72.2%;n = 153) completed a longitudinal follow‐up battery of assessments. Included in these measures was a self‐reported measure of aggression as well as an assessment of the extent to which these adolescents disclosed to and concealed information from their parents. Separate models were estimated by gender of child for the 153 children who participated in both Time 1 and Time 2 data collections. Preschool physical aggression proved an important longitudinal predictor of adolescent disclosure and concealment for girls. Concurrently, self‐rated relational aggression was also significantly associated with concealment for both boys and girls. Aggr. Behav. 39:335–345, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA‐Based Self‐Assembly for Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Gang , Ding Baoquan
Published: May 2013

The unprecedented development of DNA nanotechnology has caused DNA self‐assembly to attract close attention in many disciplines. In this research news article, the employment of DNA self‐assembly in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology is described. DNA self‐assembly can be used to prepare bulk‐scale hydrogels and 3D macroscopic crystals with nanoscale internal structures, to induce the crystallization of nanoparticles, to template the fabrication of organic conductive nanomaterials, and to act as drug delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The properties and functions are fully tunable because of the designability and specificity of DNA assembly. Moreover, because of the intrinsic dynamics, DNA self‐assembly can act as a program switch and can efficiently control stimuli responsiveness. We highlight the power of DNA self‐assembly in the preparation and function regulation of materials, aiming to motivate future multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Finally, we describe some of the challenges currently faced by DNA assembly that may affect the functional evolution of such materials, and we provide our insights into the future directions of several DNA self‐assembly‐based nanomaterials.
Aerosol OT/Water System Coupled with Triiodide/Iodide (I3−/I−) Redox Electrolytes for Highly Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kong Eui‐Hyun , Lim Jongchul , Chang Yong‐June , Yoon Yeon‐Hee , Park Taiho , Jang Hyun Myung
Published: May 2013

Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are considered to be a promising alternative to Si‐based photovoltaic cells. The electrolyte of the DSC primarily uses triiodide/iodide (I3−/I−) as a redox couple. Therefore, it is essential to understand the regeneration and recombination kinetics of the I3−/I− redox couples in the device. In this context, controlling the total and local concentrations of the I3−/I− redox couples is an important parameter that can influence the DSC performance. Here, we propose that the introduction of a sodium bis (2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT)/water system to the I3−/I− electrolyte enables the control of the concentration of the redox couples, which consequently achieves a high power conversion efficiency of ∼11% for ∼1000 h (under 1 sun illumination) owing to the enhanced dye‐regeneration efficiency and the reduced recombination rate. This novel concept assists in the comprehension of the regeneration and recombination kinetics and develops highly efficient DSCs.
Regulatory B‐cell compartment in transfused alloimmunized and non‐alloimmunized patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Bao Weili , Zhong Hui , Manwani Deepa , Vasovic Ljiljana , Uehlinger Joan , Lee Margaret T. , Sheth Sujit , Shi Patricia , Yazdanbakhsh Karina
Published: May 2013

Transfusion therapy is a life‐sustaining treatment for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but can cause serious complications including alloimmunization. We previously reported diminished regulatory T cells (Tregs) and skewed Th2 responses in alloimmunized SCD patients. We hypothesized that the B cell regulatory (Breg) compartment, which controls Treg and Th differentiation, may also be compromised in allosensitized SCD patients. Phenotypically, we did not find differences in the frequency or numbers of CD24hiCD38hi and CD24hiCD27+ B cell subsets, both previously identified as human Bregs, between alloimmunized and non‐alloimmunized SCD patients on regular transfusions. However, at the functional level, CD19+ B cells from alloimmunized SCD patients expressed lower levels of IL‐10 following stimulation as compared with non‐alloimmunized patients (P < 0.05), and had reduced ability in inhibiting autologous CD14+ monocyte TNF‐α expression (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Bregs from alloimmunized and non‐alloimmunized SCD patients differ in their ability to produce IL‐10 and dampen monocyte activation, all consistent with an altered immunoregulatory state in alloimmunized SCD patients. Am. J. Hematol. 88:736–740, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Embryonic cardiac chamber maturation: Trabeculation, conduction, and cardiomyocyte proliferation
Authors: Samsa Leigh Ann , Yang Betsy , Liu Jiandong
Published: May 2013

Congenital heart diseases are some of the most common human birth defects. Though some congenital heart defects can be surgically corrected, treatment options for other congenital heart diseases are very limited. In many congenital heart diseases, genetic defects lead to impaired embryonic heart development or growth. One of the key development processes in cardiac development is chamber maturation, and alterations in this maturation process can manifest as a variety of congenital defects including non‐compaction, systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, and arrhythmia. During development, to meet the increasing metabolic demands of the developing embryo, the myocardial wall undergoes extensive remodeling characterized by the formation of muscular luminal protrusions called cardiac trabeculae, increased cardiomyocyte mass, and development of the ventricular conduction system. Though the basic morphological and cytological changes involved in early heart development are clear, much remains unknown about the complex biomolecular mechanisms governing chamber maturation. In this review, we highlight evidence suggesting that a wide variety of basic signaling pathways and biomechanical forces are involved in cardiac wall maturation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Precision measurements in nuclear ‐decay with LPCTrap
Authors: Ban Gilles , Durand Dominique , Fléchard Xavier , Liénard Etienne , Naviliat‐Cuncic Oscar
Published: May 2013

The experimental achievements and the current program with the LPCTrap device installed at the LIRAT beam line of the SPIRAL1‐GANIL facility are presented. The device is dedicated to the study of the weak interaction at low energy by means of precise measurements of the β−ν angular correlation parameter. Technical aspects as well as the main results are reviewed. The future program with new available beams is briefly discussed.
Asymmetrische Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen mit chiralen Heterogenkatalysatoren
Authors: Tsubogo Tetsu , Ishiwata Takanori , Kobayashi Shū
Published: May 2013

Katalytische asymmetrische Kohlenstoff‐Kohlenstoff‐Kupplungen bieten einen der effizientesten Wege zu optisch aktiven Verbindungen, und entsprechend wurden in den vergangenen zwanzig Jahren viele chirale Katalysatoren für diese Reaktionen entwickelt. Diese Katalysatoren sind, beispielsweise gemessen an ihrer Umsatzzahl (TON), oft weniger effizient als Katalysatoren in anderen Reaktionen, z. B. asymmetrischen Hydrierungen, was eines der Hindernisse für die industrielle Anwendung darstellte. Es existieren zwar einige Schwierigkeiten bei der Effizienzsteigerung, diese können aber durch den Einsatz von kontinuierlichem Durchfluss in Gegenwart chiraler Heterogenkatalysatoren gelöst werden. In der Tat haben kontinuierliche Durchflusssysteme einige Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Batchsystemen. Wir fassen hier die neuen Fortschritte bei asymmetrischen C‐C‐Kupplungen unter kontinuierlichen Durchflussbedingungen in Gegenwart chiraler Heterogenkatalysatoren zusammen.
Long‐term survival and colony growth of Acropora palmata fragments transplanted by volunteers for restoration
Authors: Forrester Graham E. , Ferguson Megan A. , O'Connell‐Rodwell Caitlin E. , Jarecki Lianna L.
Published: May 2013

Many branching corals are fragmented by storms, which can serve as a mechanism of asexual reproduction for species that are able to reattach themselves to the substratum and form new colonies. Fragments can also be manually reattached as a means of reef restoration.

The growth and survival of 832 fragments of Elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata, that were transplanted for a restoration project in the British Virgin Islands was modelled.

Mortality was higher in the first year after transplanting than in subsequent years, perhaps reflecting stress from handling or failure of the attachment method.

Survival also varied with the year of transplantation (from 2005–2011), and was lowest in years with major storms (2007 and 2010).

Fragment survival increased with increasing initial size, with the largest fragments (surface area roughly 1000 cm2) faring substantially better than the smallest (roughly 10 cm2) and average sized fragments (roughly 100 cm2).

Colony size (surface area of live tissue) tended to decrease slightly in the first 3 months after being reattached, presumably due to stress from transplanting. Subsequently, the surface area of surviving colonies tended to progressively increase over time, with fragments typically reaching 3000 cm2 after 7 years. Colony growth was, however, extremely variable and largely independent of initial colony size.

Despite initial reductions in growth and survival due to transplanting, long‐term survival of transplanted fragments was roughly comparable with that of natural colonies. Transplanting fragments is thus a promising tool for grass‐roots restoration projects.

Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Convergence Behavior of Affine Projection Algorithm with Direction Error
Authors: Zhi Yongfeng , Zheng Xi , Li Ru
Published: May 2013

An affine projection algorithm with direction error (AP‐DE) is presented to solve the nonconformity between the iterated direction of the adaptive filter and the direction caused by the iteration error. A statistical analysis model is shown to analyze the AP‐DE algorithm for autoregressive input signals. Deterministic recursive equations for the mean weight error and for the mean‐square error in the iterated direction are derived. We also analyze the steady‐state mean‐square error in the iterated direction for the AP‐DE algorithm. Simulation results are provided to corroborate the analytical results.
Optimal Estimation of A Class of Linear Time‐Delay Uncertain Systems
Authors: Zhang Mei , Zhang Chenghui , Cui Peng
Published: May 2013

The state estimation problem is investigated for a class of linear uncertain systems with state and noise delay. The optimal one‐step prediction algorithm is presented by introducing a fictitious noise. The predictor is designed based on the projection formula in Hilbert space and has the same dimensions as the original systems. The error covariance consists of two coupled Riccati‐type difference equations. The optimal filter and fixed‐lag smoother are provided based on the predictor. A numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.