bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inexpensive substrate sampler for macroinvertebrates
Authors: Reed Melissa L. , Jones Gabrielle E. , Hoback William W.
Published: November 2022

Assessment of aquatic macroinvertebrates is a critical component of many watershed monitoring programs and passive samplers are often used to collect long‐term site data, especially in environments where active sampling is not possible. However, standard passive samplers can be expensive and lost in extreme conditions. We developed a sampler using plastic soda bottles (PSB) filled with river rock and compared its effectiveness with standard Hester‐Dendy samplers in both lotic and lentic environments. Abundance, taxa richness, and macroinvertebrate composition showed no significant differences between sampler types in either habitat type. PSB samplers, which can be constructed for less than one dollar each, collected the same number of organisms and represented the same diversity as Hester‐Dendy devices that cost around $38 each. In studies where funds are limited, PSB samplers appear to be suitable for passive monitoring.
S-folds and AdS3 flows from the D3-brane
Authors: Guarino Adolfo , Suh Minwoo
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We investigate supersymmetric flows in type IIB supergravity that preserve an SO(2, 2) space-time symmetry and asymptote to AdS5× S5 at both endpoints. The flows are constructed as Janus-type ℝ × AdS3 BPS domain-walls in the effective four-dimensional [SO(1, 1) × SO(6)] ⋉ ℝ12 gauged maximal supergravity describing the massless sector of type IIB supergravity compactified on S1 × S5. The compactification includes an S-duality hyperbolic twist along the S1 which, when combined with an appropriate choice of boundary conditions for the running scalars, generates special flows that develop an S-fold regime at their core, thus enhancing the space-time symmetry there to SO(2, 3). Via the AdS/CFT correspondence, the flows constructed here are conjectured to describe conformal interfaces in a circle compactification of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM4.
Exact stringy microstates from gauge theories
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon
Published: November 2022

Abstract

We study how the microstates of BPS sectors in string theory are organized in the dual U(N) gauge theory. The microstates take the form of a coherent sum of stacks of branes and their open/closed string excitations. We propose a prescription to holographically construct the indices of string/brane configurations by analyzing the modifications of determinant operators in gauge theory. The string/brane configurations should be interpreted in the tensionless limit, but their indices are well-defined at finite N. In various examples, we provide evidence that a sum, of the giant graviton-type recently proposed in the literature, over all such configurations gives the finite N gauge theory index. Finally, we discuss how these microstates assemble in the BPS Hilbert space and in what circumstances the branes can form bound states to produce black hole degeneracies.
Scalar modular bootstrap and zeros of the Riemann zeta function
Authors: Benjamin Nathan , Chang Cyuan-Han
Published: November 2022

Abstract

Using the technology of harmonic analysis, we derive a crossing equation that acts only on the scalar primary operators of any two-dimensional conformal field theory with U(1)c symmetry. From this crossing equation, we derive bounds on the scalar gap of all such theories. Rather remarkably, our crossing equation contains information about all nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. As a result, we rephrase the Riemann hypothesis purely as a statement about the asymptotic density of scalar operators in certain two-dimensional conformal field theories. We discuss generalizations to theories with only Virasoro symmetry.
Stronger together: community participation, structural stigma, and depression among sexual and gender minority adults in 28 European countries
Authors: Ünsal Berk C. , Demetrovics Zsolt , Reinhardt Melinda
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Although discriminatory laws, policies, and public attitudes (i.e., structural stigma) are linked to adverse mental health outcomes among sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations, little attention has been paid to protective factors, such as community participation, about which inconsistencies exist whether it ameliorates or exacerbates mental health burdens. Thus, we examined the mediator roles of identity disclosure and victimization and the moderator role of structural stigma in the association of community participation with depression.

Methods

Data from the EU-LGBTI-II survey assessing community participation, identity disclosure, victimization, and depression among sexual minority men (n = 62,939), women (n = 38,976), and gender minority adults (n = 15,845) in 28 European countries were used. Structural stigma was measured as discriminatory legislation, policies, and societal attitudes using publicly available data.

Results

Findings showed that community participation predicted lower and higher levels of depression through identity disclosure and victimization, respectively. For sexual minority men and women, structural stigma moderated the indirect effect through identity disclosure, with a larger effect in higher structural stigma countries. Only for sexual minority men, the indirect effect through victimization was also moderated, with a larger effect in high-stigma countries. For gender minorities, no moderation effect was found.

Conclusions

Community participation is differentially linked to depression through identity disclosure and victimization, and as a function of structural stigma. It can be a double-edged sword, especially for sexual minority men in high-stigma countries, who are expected to pay the price while enjoying its benefits, highlighting the targets and considerations for interventions.
Adverse outcomes associated with recorded victimization in mental health electronic records during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Kadra-Scalzo Giouliana , Kornblum Daisy , Stewart Robert , Howard Louise M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic policies on vulnerable groups such as people with mental health problems who experience violence remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of victimization recorded in mental healthcare records during the first UK lockdown, and associations with subsequent adverse outcomes.

Methods

Using a large mental healthcare database, we identified all adult patients receiving services between 16.12.2019 and 15.06.2020 and extracted records of victimisation between 16.03.2020 and 15.06.2020 (first UK COVID-19 lockdown). We investigated adverse outcomes including acute care, emergency department referrals and all-cause mortality in the year following the lockdown (16.06.2020- 01.11.2021). Multivariable Cox regressions models were constructed, adjusting for socio-demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, and service use factors.

Results

Of 21,037 adults receiving mental healthcare over the observation period, 3,610 (17.2%) had victimisation mentioned between 16.03.2020 and 15.06.2020 (first UK COVID-19 lockdown). Service users with mentions of victimisation in their records had an elevated risk for all outcomes: acute care (adjusted HR: 2.1; 95%CI 1.9–2.3,p < 0.001), emergency department referrals (aHR: 2.0; 95%CI 1.8–2.2;p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (aHR: 1.5; 95%CI 1.1–1.9;p = 0.003), when compared to service users with no recorded victimisation. We did not observe a statistically significant interaction with gender; however, after adjusting for possible confounders, men had slightly higher hazard ratios for all-cause mortality and emergency department referrals than women.

Conclusion

Patients with documented victimisation during the first UK lockdown were at increased risk for acute care, emergency department referrals and all-cause mortality. Further research is needed into mediating mechanisms.
Wing jig shape optimisation with gradient-assisted metamodel building in a trust-region optimisation framework
Authors: Zhang Yu , Jia Dongsheng , Bontoft Elliot Karl , Toropov Vassili
Published: November 2022

Significant computational resources are required to obtain an optimised wing jig shape by solving a high-fidelity large-scale aero-structural design optimisation problem. Gradient-based methods are efficient; however, some of the features of real-life engineering problems including numerical noise that pollutes the function values and occurrences of failed evaluations in the optimisation may limit their performance. To address these issues, this paper presents the latest developments in the multipoint approximation method (MAM) based on a gradient-assisted metamodel assembly technique within a trust-region optimisation framework. The proposed method is tested by a benchmark case first, and then, an aircraft wing jig shape optimisation problem is offered to demonstrate its performance. The gradient-based optimisation is used as a benchmark case, and the metamodel-based optimisation utilises the latest developments in MAM to solve the same problem. The results show that the proposed method can achieve the same design goal as the gradient-based method but with enhanced robustness and efficient performance. In the wing jig shape optimisation, the difference in the design objective, the global equivalent drag coefficient, between the two aforementioned optimisation approaches is 0.20 counts, whose relative difference is approximately 0.10%. Three approximate sub-optimisations have been conducted in every iteration of the metamodel-based optimisation to reduce the possibility of local optimality, while the overall elapsed time of the metamodel-based optimisation is approximately 1.98 times that of one gradient-based optimisation, which confirms the competitiveness of the proposed method bearing in mind the added safeguards for numerical noise, failed evaluations and possible local optimality.
Boltzmann collision operator for polyatomic gases in agreement with experimental data and DSMC method
Authors: Djordjić Vladimir , Oblapenko Georgii , Pavić-Čolić Milana , Torrilhon Manuel
Published: November 2022

This paper is concerned with the Boltzmann equation based on a continuous internal energy variable to model polyatomic gases with constant specific heats. We propose a family of models for the collision kernel and evaluate the nonlinear Boltzmann collision operator to get explicit expressions for transport coefficients like shear and bulk viscosities, thermal conductivity, depending on the collision kernel parameters. This model is shown to contain as a special case the collision kernel used in the direct simulation Monte Carlo method with the variable hard sphere cross section. Then, we show that it is possible to choose parameters in such a way that we recover various physical phenomena, in particular, experimental data for the shear viscosity, Prandtl number and the ratio of bulk and shear viscosities at the same time.
New method of metrological evaluation of industrial rolling bearing vibration measurement systems
Authors: Wrzochal Mateusz
Published: November 2022

The paper concerns a new method for evaluating industrial rolling bearing vibration measurement systems. The aim of the research performed was to evaluate the measurement accuracy of three measurement systems, which differ from each other in the key design features of the functional components. For this purpose, an additional reference point was used, which was a laser Doppler vibrometer. The use of an additional reference point made it possible to decouple the vibration measurement indications from spontaneous changes in the dynamic state of the rolling bearings. The newly suggested procedure was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, vibration spectra obtained from the independent sensor were analysed, while in the second stage, system indications were compared with reference sensor indications to assess measurement accuracy. The results obtained made it possible to identify the most accurate system, to assess the design of the components of the devices tested, as well as to detect undesirable factors undermining the accuracy of the measurement, and to obtain hints for improving the accuracy of industrial rolling bearing vibration systems.
Nitrofurantoin-induced liver injury: long-term follow-up in two prospective DILI registries
Authors: Bessone Fernando , Ferrari Antonella , Hernandez Nelia , Mendizabal Manuel , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Zerega Alina , Tanno Federico , Reggiardo Maria Virginia , Vorobioff Julio , Tanno Hugo , Arrese Marco , Nunes Vinicius , Tagle Martin , Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Robles-Diaz Mercedes , Niu Hao , Alvarez-Alvarez Ismael , Stephens Camilla , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul J.
Published: November 2022

Nitrofurantoin is a synthetic antibiotic that is recommended as first-choice treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The prescription of this drug has increased dramatically, especially in Latin American countries. We described the demographics, clinical characteristics, biochemical features, and outcome of nitrofurantoin-induced liver injury. We analyzed 23 cases from the Latin American DILI Network (LATINDILI) and the Spanish DILI Registry. Causality was assessed with the RUCAM and RECAM scale. Of the 23 DILI cases included in our series, 96% patients were women, and the mean age of the whole cohort was 61 years. The median time of drug exposure was 175 days (interquartile range [IQR] 96–760), with 11 patients who were prescribed nitrofurantoin for more than six months. Hepatocellular damage was the most frequent pattern of liver injury (83%), and nearly half of the patients had an asymptomatic presentation (52%). Neither death nor liver transplantation was documented in this series. Overall, 65% of the patients (n = 15) presented with positive autoantibody titres. The median time to resolution was 81 days (IQR 57–141), and 15 patients (83%) recovered within six months. Five patients (22%) developed nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (NI-AILH), of whom two were characterized by a persistent increase in transaminases that required immunosuppressive treatment to achieve normalization of liver enzymes. Clinicians who prescribe nitrofurantoin should be aware that patients who had taken nitrofurantoin for a long term may be at risk of developing nitrofurantoin-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis.
Theory of visual attention (TVA) applied to rats performing the 5-choice serial reaction time task: differential effects of dopaminergic and noradrenergic manipulations
Authors: Hervig Mona El-Sayed , Toschi Chiara , Petersen Anders , Vangkilde Signe , Gether Ulrik , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: November 2022

Rationale

Attention is compromised in many psychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). While dopamine and noradrenaline systems have been implicated in ADHD, their exact role in attentional processing is yet unknown.

Objectives

We applied the theory of visual attention (TVA) model, adapted from human research, to the rat 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT) to investigate catecholaminergic modulation of visual attentional processing in healthy subjects of high- and low-attention phenotypes.

Methods

Rats trained on the standard 5CSRTT and tested with variable stimulus durations were treated systemically with noradrenergic and/or dopaminergic agents (atomoxetine, methylphenidate, amphetamine, phenylephrine and atipamezole). TVA modelling was applied to estimate visual processing speed for correct and incorrect visual perceptual categorisations, independent of motor reaction times, as measures of attentional capacity.

Results

Atomoxetine and phenylephrine decreased response frequencies, including premature responses, increased omissions and slowed responding. In contrast, methylphenidate, amphetamine and atipamezole sped up responding and increased premature responses. Visual processing speed was also affected differentially. Atomoxetine and phenylephrine slowed, whereas methylphenidate and atipamezole sped up, visual processing, both for correct and incorrect categorisations. Amphetamine selectively improved visual processing for correct, though not incorrect, responses in high-attention rats only, possibly reflecting improved attention.

Conclusions

These data indicate that the application of TVA to the 5CSRTT provides an enhanced sensitivity to capturing attentional effects. Unexpectedly, we found overall slowing effects, including impaired visual processing, following drugs either increasing extracellular noradrenaline (atomoxetine) or activating the α1-adrenoceptor (phenylephrine), while also ameliorating premature responses (impulsivity). In contrast, amphetamine had potential pro-attentional effects by enhancing visual processing, probably due to central dopamine upregulation.
Climate change information over Fenno-Scandinavia produced with a convection-permitting climate model
Authors: Lind Petter , Belušić Danijel , Médus Erika , Dobler Andreas , Pedersen Rasmus A. , Wang Fuxing , Matte Dominic , Kjellström Erik , Landgren Oskar , Lindstedt David , Christensen Ole B. , Christensen Jens H.
Published: November 2022

This paper presents results from high-resolution climate change simulations that permit convection and resolve mesoscale orography at 3-km grid spacing over Fenno-Scandinavia using the HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) model. Two global climate models (GCMs) have been dynamically down-scaled for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios and for both near and far future periods in the 21st century. The warmer and moister climate conditions simulated in the GCMs lead to changes in precipitation characteristics. Higher precipitation amounts are simulated in fall, winter and spring, while in summer, precipitation increases in northern Fenno-Scandinavia and decreases in the southern parts of the domain. Both daily and sub-daily intense precipitation over Fenno-Scandinavia become more frequent at the expense of low-intensity events, with most pronounced shifts in summer. In the Scandinavian mountains, pronounced changes occur in the snow climate with a shift in precipitation falling as snow to rain, reduced snow cover and less days with a significant snow depth. HCLIM at 3-km grid spacing exhibits systematically different change responses in several aspects, e.g. a smaller shift from snow to rain in the western part of the Scandinavian mountains and a more consistent decrease in the urban heat island effect by the end of the 21st century. Most importantly, the high-resolution HCLIM shows a significantly stronger increase in summer hourly precipitation extremes compared to HCLIM at the intermediate 12-km grid spacing. In addition, an analysis of the statistical significance of precipitation changes indicates that simulated time periods of at least a couple of decades is recommended to achieve statistically robust results, a matter of important concern when running such high-resolution climate model experiments. The results presented here emphasizes the importance of using “convection-permitting” models to produce reliable climate change information over the Fenno-Scandinavian region.
Clusters of lifestyle behaviours and their associations with socio-demographic characteristics in Dutch toddlers
Authors: Krijger Anne , Steenbergen Elly , Schiphof-Godart Lieke , van Rossum Caroline , Verkaik-Kloosterman Janneke , Elstgeest Liset , ter Borg Sovianne , Raat Hein , Joosten Koen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to identify clusters of lifestyle behaviours in toddlers and assess associations with socio-demographic characteristics.

Methods

We used data from the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2012–2016 and included 646 children aged 1–3 years. Based on 24-h dietary recalls and a questionnaire, a two-step cluster analysis was conducted to identify clusters in the intake of fruit, vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages and unhealthy snacks, physical activity and screen time. Logistic regression models assessed associations between socio-demographic characteristics and cluster allocation.

Results

Three clusters emerged from the data. The ‘relatively healthy cluster’ demonstrated a high intake of fruit and vegetables, low sugar-sweetened beverage and unhealthy snack intake and low screen time. The ‘active snacking cluster’ was characterised by high unhealthy snack intake and high physical activity, and the ‘sedentary sweet beverage cluster’ by high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and high screen time. Children aged 1 year were most likely to be allocated to the ‘relatively healthy cluster’. Compared to children of parents with a high education level, children of parents with a low or middle education level were less likely to be in the ‘relatively healthy cluster’, but more likely to be in the ‘sedentary sweet beverage cluster’.

Conclusion

Clusters of lifestyle behaviours can be distinguished already in children aged 1–3 years. To promote healthy lifestyle behaviour, efforts may focus on maintaining healthy behaviour in 1-year-olds and more on switching towards healthy behaviour in 2- and 3-year-olds.
Research progress of fibroblast growth factor 23 in acute kidney injury
Authors: Zhang Lina , Qin Wei
Published: November 2022

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is primarily produced in bones and mainly regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism. The level of circulating FGF23 increases rapidly in the early stage of acute kidney injury (AKI). Recent studies have shown that FGF23 may serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and poor prognosis of AKI. The mechanism of increased FGF23 in AKI may include increased production of FGF23, decreased renal clearance of FGF23, and some new regulatory factors, such as inflammation and glycerol 3-phosphate. However, the biological effects of elevated FGF23 in AKI are still unclear. It is also not known whether reducing the level of circulating FGF23 could alleviate AKI or its poor prognosis. Here, we review the pathophysiological mechanism and possible regulation of FGF23 in AKI and discuss the possibility of using FGF23 as a therapeutic target.
Recent activity and paleoseismicity of an intraplate extensional fault: the Calamocha fault (Jiloca graben, central Iberian Chain)
Authors: Peiro Alba , Simón José L. , Martín-Bello Leticia , Arlegui Luis E. , Ezquerro Lope , Luzón Aránzazu , Medialdea Alicia , Corral Belén , Liesa Carlos L.
Published: November 2022

The Calamocha fault is an 18-km-long, NNW–SSE striking pure normal fault that moves down the northern sector of the Jiloca graben with respect to the Neogene infill of the Calatayud basin (central Iberian Chain). Its structure and kinematics are characterized by means of detailed geological mapping, morphotectonic analysis and data recording at the outcrop scale. The Calamocha fault represents the inversion of a previous contractional fault zone under the recent tensional stress field (WSW–ENE trendingσ3trajectories). The extensional activity started during the Late Pliocene (ca. 3.8 Ma), accumulating a maximum net slip of 190–230 m (long-term slip rate of 0.05–0.06 mm/a). The palaeoseismological study of three artificial exposures near Calamocha town evidenced recurrent slip during the Late Pleistocene, which proves its active character. Analysis of faulted clastic alluvial units, dated by means of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), reveals at least eight slip events since 145.9 ± 9.1 ka, the last one being younger than 13.8 ± 0.9 ka. Only a few events represent visible accumulated displacement on the main synthetic rupture surfaces; this allows a rough estimate of the short-term slip rate (during the Late Pleistocene) of about 0.1 mm/a, faster than the long-term rate. The Calamocha fault could potentially produce a characteristic earthquake (in the sense of Schwartz and Coppersmith, J Geophys Res 89:5681–5698, 1984) with moment magnitudeMw≈ 6.7 ± 0.3 (Mw≈ 6.9 ± 0.3 in a scenario of activation of the whole Calamocha–Daroca fault zone), average coseismic displacement of 0.5–1.3 m and average recurrence period under 15 ka.
The effect of tetrastarch on the endothelial glycocalyx layer in early hemorrhagic shock using fluorescence intravital microscopy: a mouse model
Authors: Ando Tadao , Uzawa Kohji , Yoshikawa Takahiro , Mitsuda Shingo , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Yorozu Tomoko , Ushiyama Akira
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To investigate vascular endothelial dysfunction based on glycocalyx impairment in massive hemorrhage and to evaluate fluid therapy.

Methods

In this randomized controlled animal study, we withdrew 1.5 mL blood and administered 1.5 mL resuscitation fluid. Mice were divided into six groups according to the infusion type and administration timing: NS-NS (normal saline), NS-HES ([hydroxyethyl starch]130), HES-NS, NS-ALB (albumin), ALB-NS, and C (control) groups.

Results

The glycocalyx index (GCXI) of a 40-μm artery was significantly larger in group C than in other groups (P < 0.01). Similarly, the GCXI for a 60-μm artery was significantly higher in group C than in NS-NS (P ≤ 0.05), NS-HES (P ≤ 0.01), and NS-ALB groups (P ≤ 0.05). The plasma syndecan-1 concentration, at 7.70 ± 5.71 ng/mL, was significantly lower in group C than in group NS-NS (P ≤ 0.01). The tetramethylrhodamine-labeled dextran (TMR-DEX40) fluorescence intensity in ALB-NS and HES-NS groups and the fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled hydroxyethyl starch (FITC-HES130) fluorescence intensity in NS-HES and HES-NS groups were not significantly different from those of group C at any time point. FITC-HES130 was localized on the inner vessel wall in groups without HES130 infusion but uniformly distributed in HES130-treated groups in intravital microscopy. FITC-FITC-HES130 was localized remarkably in the inner vessel walls in group HES-NS in electron microscopy.

Conclusions

In an acute massive hemorrhage mouse model, initial fluid resuscitation therapy with saline administration impaired glycocalyx and increased vascular permeability. Prior colloid-fluid administration prevented the progression of glycocalyx damage and improve prognosis. Prior HES130 administration may protect endothelial cell function.
Puppies in the problem-solving paradigm: quick males and social females
Authors: Pinelli Claudia , Scandurra Anna , Di Lucrezia Alfredo , Aria Massimo , Semin Gün R. , D’Aniello Biagio
Published: November 2022

We report an observational, double-blind study that examined puppies’ behaviors while engaged in solving an experimental food retrieval task (food retrieval task instrument: FRTI). The experimental setting included passive social distractors (i.e., the dog’s owner and a stranger). The focus was on how the social and physical environment shapes puppies’ behaviors according to sex. The dependent variables were the number of tasks solved on an apparatus (Performance Index) and the time required to solve the first task (Speed). Sex and Stress were set as explanatory factors, and Social Interest, FRTI interactions, other behavior, and age as covariates. The main findings were that male puppies solved the first task faster than females. On the other hand, females displayed significantly more social interest and did so more rapidly than males. Males showed delayed task resolution. This study demonstrates sex differences in a problem-solving task in dog puppies for the first time, thus highlighting that sexually dimorphic behavioral differences in problem-solving strategies develop early on during ontogenesis.
Cryo-printed microfluidics enable rapid prototyping for optical-cell analysis
Authors: Garmasukis Rokas , Hackl Claudia , Dusny Christian , Elsner Christian , Charvat Ales , Schmid Andreas , Abel Bernd
Published: November 2022

This paper highlights an innovative, low-cost rapid-prototyping method for generating microfluidic chips with extraordinary short fabrication times of only a few minutes. Microchannels and inlet/outlet ports are created by controlled deposition of aqueous microdroplets on a cooled surface resulting in printed ice microstructures, which are in turn coated with a UV-curable acrylic cover layer. Thawing leaves an inverse imprint as a microchannel structure. For an exemplary case, we applied this technology for creating a microfluidic chip for cell-customized optical-cell analysis. The chip design includes containers for cell cultivation and analysis. Container shape, length, position, and angle relative to the main channel were iteratively optimized to cultivate and analyze different cell types. With the chip, we performed physiological analyses of morphologically distinct prokaryotic Corynebacterium glutamicum DM1919, eukaryotic Hansenula polymorpha RB11 MOX-GFP, and phototrophic Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cells via quantitative time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. The technology is not limited to rapid prototyping of complex biocompatible microfluidics. Further exploration may include printing with different materials other than water, printing on other substrates in-situ biofunctionalization, the inclusion of electrodes and many other applications.
Temperature, productivity, and heat tolerance: Evidence from Swedish dairy production
Authors: Ahmed Haseeb , Tamminen Lena-Mari , Emanuelson Ulf
Published: November 2022

This study aims to identify the effects of temperature on dairy production and the heat tolerance of different dairy breeds under heat stress. Using farm and animal-level data from 1435 dairy farms throughout Sweden for 4 years (from 2016 to 2019), we find that a 7-day average of daily maximum temperatures above ~ 20 ºC is associated with sharp declines in milk production. We then estimate the farm-level loss in contribution margin for a typical Swedish dairy farm for the year 2018, which consisted of long-lasting heatwaves and extended summer temperatures. We also estimate that, on average, there are no differences in the impact of heatwaves on milk losses for different dairy breeds but that there exists a trade-off between genetic milk production potential and heat tolerance of a dairy cow. The magnitude of this productivity-tolerance trade-off may differ across breeds, suggesting that the high-production potential animals of certain breeds may be less sensitive to heat stress. These findings have important implications in terms of adapting to heat stress, investing in mitigation measures, and development of future breeds that can ameliorate the current trade-off between production capacity of a cow and its heat tolerance.
Regulatory objectives vs fiscal interests: Are German casino locations motivated by beggar-thy-neighbor policy? An empirical analysis
Authors: Haucap Justus , Nedic Radivoje , Şimşek Talha
Published: November 2022

In this paper we provide an empirical analysis of German casino locations. Due to the “mercantilistic background” of casinos, we assume that casinos are more likely to be found at borders and in tourist areas. Even though location decisions have been made in the past, we use cross-sectional data at county level to analyze whether the current locations of casinos are consistent with present-day policy objectives. We discuss whether fiscal incentives and/or regulatory objectives to prevent harmful gambling are relevant for today's locations of German casinos. For our empirical analysis we use location and tourism indicators which are both significant factors for the location of German casinos. We find that the likelihood of a casino location increases if a county is located at a state border. We conjecture that border locations are chosen to share negative externalities of gambling with neighboring states while attracting revenues from out-of-state gamblers. This can be viewed as a type of beggar-thy-neighbor policy, which is inconsistent, however, with the objectives of the State Treaty, which is to provide legal gambling opportunities for the population within the state. For better implementation of the objectives, a more balanced distribution of casinos throughout the urbanized regions in Germany is recommended.
Stratified guarded first-order transition systems
Authors: Müller Christian , Seidl Helmut
Published: November 2022

First-order transition systems are a convenient formalism to specify parametric systems such as multi-agent workflows or distributed algorithms. In general, any nontrivial question about such systems is undecidable. Here, we present three subclasses of first-order transition systems where every universal invariant can effectively be decided via fixpoint iteration. These subclasses are defined in terms of syntactical restrictions: negation, stratification and guardedness. While guardedness represents a particular pattern how input predicates control existential quantifiers, stratification limits the information flow between predicates. Guardedness implies that the weakest precondition for every universal invariant is again universal, while the remaining sufficient criteria enforce that either the number of occurring negated literals decreases in every iteration, or the number of required instances of input predicates or the number of first-order variables remains bounded. We argue for each of these three cases that termination of the fixpoint iteration can be guaranteed. We apply these results to identify classes of multi-agent systems, when formalized as first-order transition systems, where noninterference in presence of declassification is decidable for coalitions of attackers of bounded size.
The Moral Pitfalls of Cultivated meat: Complementing Utilitarian Perspective with eco-republican Justice Approach
Authors: Moyano-Fernández Cristian
Published: November 2022

The context of accelerated climate change, environmental pollution, ecosystems depletion, loss of biodiversity and growing undernutrition has led human societies to a crossroads where food systems require transformation. New agricultural practices are being advocated in order to achieve food security and face environmental challenges. Cultivated meat has recently been considered one of the most desired alternatives by animal rights advocates because it promises to ensure nutrition for all people while dramatically reducing ecological impacts and animal suffering. It is therefore presented as one of the fairest means of food production for the coming decades, according to utilitarian arguments.

However, food security, environmental concerns and animal welfarism guided by a short-term utilitarianism could have techno-optimism bias and could result in some forms of oppression such as anthropocentrism. I argue that there are still deep-rooted moral issues in food systems that are not addressed primarily by lab-grown meat, mainly derived from a loss of sovereignty. Food practices developed in high-tech labs with artificial interventionism constrain the ability of living entities (that are used as food) to flourish on their own terms. This paper aims to explore how sovereignty entitlements for humans and nonhumans are often overlooked by advocates of cultivated meat and the moral challenges it may pose. Accordingly, a more than utilitarian approach framed by ecological and republican justice is proposed here to shed light on some pitfalls of food chains based on cellular agriculture.
Expected Number of Zeros of Random Power Series with Finitely Dependent Gaussian Coefficients
Authors: Noda Kohei , Shirai Tomoyuki
Published: November 2022

We are concerned with zeros of random power series with coefficients being a stationary, centered, complex Gaussian process. We show that the expected number of zeros in every smooth domain in the disk of convergence is less than that of the hyperbolic Gaussian analytic function with i.i.d. coefficients. When coefficients are finitely dependent, i.e., the spectral density is a trigonometric polynomial, we derive precise asymptotics of the expected number of zeros inside the disk of radius r centered at the origin as r tends to the radius of convergence, in the proof of which we clarify that the negative contribution to the number of zeros stems from the zeros of the spectral density.
Anti-tumor antibody isotype response can be modified with locally administered immunoadjuvants
Authors: Walters Adam A. , Ali Abrar , Wang Julie Tzu-Wen , Al-Jamal Khuloud T.
Published: November 2022

In situ vaccination with immunostimulatory compounds is a demonstrated means to treat tumors preclinically. While these therapeutic effects have been attributed to the actions of T cells or innate immune activation, characterisation of the humoral immune response is seldom performed. This study aims to identify whether the injection of immunoadjuvants, Addavax (Adda) and cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), intratumorally can influence the antibody response. Specifically, whether intratumoral injection of immunoadjuvants can alter the tumor-specific antibody target, titre and isotype. Following this, the study aimed to investigate whether serum obtained from in situ vaccinated mice could neutralise circulating tumor cells. Serum was obtained from mice bearing B16F10-OVA-Luc-GFP tumors treated with immunoadjuvants. Antibody targets’ titre and isotype were assessed by indirect ELISA. The ability of serum to neutralise circulating cancer cells was evaluated in a B16F10 pseudo-metastatic model. It was observed that tumor-bearing mice mount a specific anti-tumor antibody response. Antibody titre and target were unaffected by in situ vaccination with immunoadjuvants; however, a higher amount of IgG2c was produced in mice receiving Adda plus CpG. Serum from in situ vaccinated mice was unable to neutralise circulating B16F10 cells. Thus, this study has demonstrated that anti-tumor antibody isotype may be modified using in situ vaccination; however, this alone is not sufficient to neutralise circulating cancer cells.

Graphical Abstract
Justice and the Normative Standards of Explainability in Healthcare
Authors: Kempt Hendrik , Freyer Nils , Nagel Saskia K.
Published: November 2022

Providing healthcare services frequently involves cognitively demanding tasks, including diagnoses and analyses as well as complex decisions about treatments and therapy. From a global perspective, ethically significant inequalities exist between regions where the expert knowledge required for these tasks is scarce or abundant. One possible strategy to diminish such inequalities and increase healthcare opportunities in expert-scarce settings is to provide healthcare solutions involving digital technologies that do not necessarily require the presence of a human expert, e.g., in the form of artificial intelligent decision-support systems (AI-DSS). Such algorithmic decision-making, however, is mostly developed in resource- and expert-abundant settings to support healthcare experts in their work. As a practical consequence, the normative standards and requirements for such algorithmic decision-making in healthcare require the technology to be at least as explainable as the decisions made by the experts themselves. The goal of providing healthcare in settings where resources and expertise are scarce might come with a normative pull to lower the normative standards of using digital technologies in order to provide at least some healthcare in the first place. We scrutinize this tendency to lower standards in particular settings from a normative perspective, distinguish between different types of absolute and relative, local and global standards of explainability, and conclude by defending an ambitious and practicable standard of local relative explainability.
Graded von Neumann regularity of rings graded by semigroups
Authors: Lännström Daniel , Öinert Johan
Published: November 2022

In this article, we give a complete characterization of semigroup graded rings which are graded von Neumann regular. We also demonstrate our results by applying them to several classes of examples, including matrix rings and groupoid graded rings.
“Walking on eggshells”: experiences of underrepresented women inmedical
training
Authors: Rezaiefar Parisa , Abou-Hamde Yara , Naz Farah , Alborhamy Yasmine S. , LaDonna Kori A.
Published: November 2022

Introduction Medicine remains an inequitable profession for women. Challenges are
compounded for underrepresented women in medicine (UWiM), yet the complex features of
underrepresentation and how they influence women’s career paths remain underexplored.
This qualitative study examined the experiences of trainees self-identifying as UWiM,
including how navigating underrepresentation influenced their envisioned career
paths.
Methods Ten UWiM family medicine trainees from one Canadian institution
participated in semi-structured group interviews. Thematic analysis of the data was
informed by feminist epistemology and unfolded during an iterative process of data
familiarization, coding, and theme generation.
Results Participants identified as
UWiM based on visible and invisible identity markers. All participants experienced
discrimination and “otherness”, but experiences differed based on how identities
intersected. Participants spent considerable energy anticipating discrimination,
navigating otherness, and assuming protective behaviours against real and perceived
threats. Both altruism and a desire for personal safety and inclusion influenced their
envisioned careers serving marginalized populations and mentoring underrepresented
trainees.
Evaluation of the performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts using numerical modeling method
Authors: Wang Jun , Apel Derek B. , Xu Huawei , Wei Chong
Published: November 2022

The assessment of yielding rockbolt performance during rockbursts with actual seismic loading is essential for rockburst supporting designs. In this paper, two types of yielding rockbolts (D-bolt and Roofex) and the fully resin-grouted rebar bolt are modeled via the “rockbolt” element in universal distinct element code (UDEC) after an exact calibration procedure. A two-dimensional (2D) model of a deep tunnel is built to fully evaluate the performance (e.g., capacity of energy-absorption and control of rock damage) of yielding and traditional rockbolts based on the simulated rockbursts. The influence of different rockburst magnitudes is also studied. The results suggest that the D-bolt can effectively control and mitigate rockburst damage during a weak rockburst because of its high strength and deformation capacity. The Roofex is too “soft” or “smooth” to limit the movement of ejected rocks and restrain the large deformation, although it has an excellent deformation capacity. The resin-grouted rebar bolt can maintain a high axial force level during rockbursts but is easy to break during dynamic shocks, which fails to control rapid rock bulking or ejection. Three types of rockbolts cannot control the large deformation and mitigate rockburst damage effectively during violent rockbursts. The rockburst damage severity can be significantly reduced by additional support with cable bolts. This study highlights the effectiveness of numerical modeling methods in assessing the complex performance of yielding rockbolts during rockbursts, which can provide some references to improve and optimize the design of rock supporting in burst-prone grounds.
Information Measures and Concomitants of k-Record Values Based on Sarmanov Family of Bivariate Distributions
Authors: Alawady M. A. , Barakat H. M. , Mansour G. M. , Husseiny I. A.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the marginal distributions of concomitants ofk-record values based on Sarmanov family of bivariate distributions are obtained, as an extension of several recent papers. Besides, we derive the joint distribution of concomitants ofk-record values for this family. Furthermore, some new and useful properties of information measures, namely, the extropy, Shannon entropy, inaccuracy measure, cumulative entropy, cumulative residual entropy, and cumulative residual Fisher information are studied. Finally, we offered various examples accompanied by numerical investigations that backed up the theoretical findings.
Late Bloomer Offending Patterns: Towards a Harder Empirical Definition—Commentary on Matsuda et al. (2022)
Authors: Skardhamar Torbjørn
Published: November 2022

Matsuda et al. (2022) show that late bloomers also exist in self-report data. They use a “dynamic” definition of late bloomer offending pattern as they have concerns with definitions based on arbitrary age cutoff points. But the approach does not make the groups less arbitrary than hard definitions. In this commentary, I argue that a hard definition has important advantages and demonstrates an alternative using a hard definition while exploring heterogeneity within the late onset group.
Digital ergonomics and digital work planning in university education: experiences from Germany and Austria
Authors: Schlund Sebastian , Kamusella Christiane , Knott Verena , Löffler Thomas , Engel Lutz , Fischer Clara , Rupprecht Patrick , Bengler Klaus , Bullinger-Hoffmann Angelika , Kaiser André , Kögel Alexander
Published: November 2022

The publication presents an overview of the use of digital human models (DHM) in academic education at five exemplary universities in Germany and Austria. In addition to the presentation of different human models, the integration of them into the respective lectures is discussed. The teaching concepts of the individual courses of the universities, exercise examples and scenarios are presented. Experience shows that the active and independent use of digital ergonomics tools gives students pleasure and motivates them to deal intensively with complex tasks in terms of time and content. Feedback is consistently positive over all the involved lectures and universities. As a consequence of the recent Covid-19 pandemic, universities significantly increased online and blended learning. Based on the experience with the use of digital human models, the paper derives recommendations for future developments.

Practical Relevance

To sustain global value chains, companies are increasingly planning trans-regionally adapted products and production processes. Tools for digital ergonomics contribute to increasing competitiveness by using prospective working methods. Companies increasingly need experts with the corresponding know-how. Firmly anchoring the topic of digital ergonomics in relevant subjects of university teaching is therefore a prerequisite for this transfer of trained graduates.
First report of watermelon crinkle leaf associated virus-1 (WCLaV-1) in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Australia
Authors: Mulholland S. , Wildman O. , Kinoti W. M. , Constable F. , Daly A. , Tesoriero L. , Maina S. , Chapman T. A.
Published: November 2022

Surveys of key cucurbit production regions in New South Wales, Australia were undertaken to catalogue the diversity of viral pathogens affecting field grown cropping systems. Analysis of the collected isolates confirmed a detection of watermelon crinkle leaf associated virus-1 (WCLaV-1) in watermelon constituting the first report of WCLaV-1 in Australia. A mixed infection of WCLaV-1 and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) was also detected constituting the first report of this type of pathogen combination.