bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immobilization Methods on the Production of Polyethylene-cellulose Biocomposites via Ethylene Polymerization with Metallocene/MAO Catalyst
Authors: Tumawong Praonapa , Chaichana Ekrachan , Jongsomjit Bunjerd
Published: October 2020

Polyethylene-cellulose biocomposites were synthesized here via the ethylene polymerization with metallocene as a catalyst along with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as a cocatalyst. The immobilization method in which the catalyst or cocatalyst is fixed onto the catalytic filler (cellulose) can be classified into 3 methods according to the active components fixed onto the filler surface: 1) only metallocene catalyst (Cellulose/Zr), 2) only MAO cocatalyst (Cellulose/MAO) and 3) mixture of metallocene and MAO (Cellulose/(Zr+MAO)). It was found that the different immobilization methods or different fillers altered the properties of the obtained composites and also the catalytic activity of the polymerization systems. It was found that Cellulose/MAO provided the highest catalytic activity among all fillers due to a crown-alumoxane complex, which caused the heterogeneous system with this filler behaved similarly to the homogeneous system. The different fillers also produced the biocomposites with some different properties such as crystallinity which Cellulose/Zr provided the highest crystallinity compared with other fillers as observed by a thermal gravimetric analysis-differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC). Nevertheless, the main crystal structure indicated to the typical polyethylene was still observed for all obtained biocomposites with different fillers as observed by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Copyright © 2021 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ABC subfamily D transporter Pxa1/Pxa2p co‐imports CoASH into the peroxisome
Authors: van Roermund Carlo W. T. , IJlst Lodewijk , Baker Alison , Wanders Ronald J. A. , Theodoulou Freddie L. , Waterham Hans R.
Published: October 2020

ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) subfamily D transporters are important for the uptake of fatty acids and other beta‐oxidation substrates into peroxisomes. Genetic and biochemical evidence indicates that the transporters accept fatty acyl‐coenzyme A that is cleaved during the transport cycle and then re‐esterified in the peroxisomal lumen. However, it is not known whether free coenzyme A (CoA) is released inside or outside the peroxisome. Here we have used Saccharomyces cerevisiae and isolated peroxisomes to demonstrate that free CoA is released in the peroxisomal lumen. Thus, ABC subfamily D transporter provide an import pathway for free CoA that controls peroxisomal CoA homeostasis and tunes metabolism according to the cell’s demands.
Occludin‐binding single‐chain variable fragment and antigen‐binding fragment antibodies prevent hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Shimizu Yoshimi , Shinoda Takehiro , Shirasago Yoshitaka , Kondoh Masuo , Shinya Naoko , Hanada Kentaro , Yagi Kiyohito , Suzuki Tetsuro , Wakita Takaji , Kimura‐Someya Tomomi , Shirouzu Mikako , Fukasawa Masayoshi
Published: October 2020

Occludin (OCLN) is a tetraspan membrane component of epithelial tight junctions and a known receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Previously, we established functional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to each extracellular loop of OCLN and showed their ability to prevent in vitro and in vivo HCV infection. In this study, we converted these mAbs to corresponding monovalent antigen‐binding fragments (Fabs) and single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies. These Fab fragments and scFv antibodies demonstrate similar binding specificity and affinity to parental anti‐OCLN mAbs. Moreover, Fab fragments and scFv antibodies inhibit in vitro HCV infection. The small functional monovalent OCLN‐binding probes reported in our study have high potential as drug candidates and tools for biological and pharmaceutical studies of OCLN.
Ligation of 2′, 3′‐cyclic phosphate RNAs for the identification of microRNA binding sites
Authors: Berk Christian , Wang Yuluan , Laski Artur , Tsagkris Stylianos , Hall Jonathan
Published: October 2020

Identifying the targetome of a microRNA is key for understanding its functions. Cross‐linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methods capture native miRNA‐mRNA interactions in cells. Some of these methods yield small amounts of chimeric miRNA‐mRNA sequences via ligation of 5′‐phosphorylated RNAs produced during the protocol. Here, we introduce chemically synthesized microRNAs (miRNAs) bearing 2′‐, 3′‐cyclic phosphate groups, as part of a new CLIP method that does not require 5′‐phosphorylation for ligation. We show in a system that models miRNAs bound to their targets, that addition of recombinant bacterial ligase RtcB increases ligation efficiency, and that the transformation proceeds via a 3′‐phosphate intermediate. By optimizing the chemistry underlying ligation, we provide the basis for an improved method to identify miRNA targetomes.
The role of the cytoskeletal proteins MreB and FtsZ in multicellular cyanobacteria
Authors: Springstein Benjamin L. , Weissenbach Julia , Koch Robin , Stücker Fenna , Stucken Karina
Published: October 2020

Multiseriate and true‐branching cyanobacteria are at the peak of prokaryotic morphological complexity. However, little is known about the mechanisms governing multiplanar cell division and morphogenesis. Here, we study the function of the prokaryotic cytoskeletal proteins, MreB and FtsZ in Fischerella muscicola PCC 7414 and Chlorogloeopsis fritschii PCC 6912. Vancomycin and HADA labeling revealed a mixed apical, septal, and lateral trichome growth mode in F. muscicola, whereas C. fritschii exhibits septal growth. In all morphotypes from both species, MreB forms either linear filaments or filamentous strings and can interact with FtsZ. Furthermore, multiplanar cell division in F. muscicola likely depends on FtsZ dosage. Our results lay the groundwork for future studies on cytoskeletal proteins in morphologically complex cyanobacteria.
Genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis during pregnancy
Authors: Wenqian Cai , Fan Wenlei , Hu Xijiang
Published: October 2020

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) during pregnancy is usually accompanied by an elevation of thyroid‐stimulating hormone and a reduction of serum‐free thyroxine during gestation, which may lead to abortion, preterm delivery, and reduced intellectual function of the offspring. Epigenetic alterations may provide important insights into genetic–environmental interactions in HT. Here, we examined global DNA methylation patterns in patients with HT during pregnancy. DNA was extracted from 13 women with HT during pregnancy (HTDP) and eight healthy pregnant women as a control group. Genome‐wide methylation was detected with the use of an Illumina Human Methylation 850K Beadchip. A total of 652 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 27 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were identified between the HTDP and control groups. GO analysis revealed that DMPs were significantly enriched in 540 GO terms, which included regulation of the differentiation of keratinocytes, T helper cell differentiation, and alpha‐beta T‐cell differentiation. Moreover, significant enrichment of KEGG pathways of the DMPs included mucin‐type O‐glycan biosynthesis, focal adhesion, and the insulin signaling pathway. The GO items associated with DMRs included muscle cell proliferation, response to biotic stimulus, anatomical structure formation involved in morphogenesis, and genes primarily involved in the FoxO signaling pathway. Finally, the DTNA gene was identified as the seed gene of functional epigenetic modules. In summary, the DNA methylation pattern of the HTDP group was distinct from that of the control group, and thus, changes in DNA methylation may influence the development of HT by regulation of the autoimmunity process.
On the optimization of bone SPECT/CT in terms of image quality and radiation dose
Authors: Tulik Monika , Tulik Piotr , Kowalska Teresa
Published: October 2020

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to present the optimization process of CT parameters to reduce patient exposure during bone SPECT/CT without affecting the quality of SPECT images with attenuation correction (AC).

Material and methods

A fillable phantom reflecting realistic bone scintigraphy conditions was developed and acquired on an AnyScan SC. SPECT/CT scans were carried out with different x‐ray tube current values (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 90, 110, 130, 150, and 200 mA) at three different high‐voltage values (80, 100, and 120 kV). The contrast (C) and coefficients of variation (CV) in the SPECT images as well as the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and noise (SDCT) in the CT images with CTDIvol were measured. An optimal acquisition protocol that obtained SPECT/CT images with no artifacts on both CT and SPECT images, acceptable C, SNR, CV, and SDCT values, and the largest reduction in patient exposure compared to the reference acquisition procedure was sought.

Results

The optimal set of parameters for bone SPECT/CT was determined based on a phantom study. It has been implemented in clinical practice. Two groups of patients were examined according to the baseline and optimized protocols, respectively. The new SPECT/CT protocol substantially reduced patients’ radiation exposure compared to the old protocol while maintaining the required diagnostic quality of SPECT and CT images.

Conclusions

In the study, we present a methodology that finds a compromise between diagnostic information and patient exposure during bone SPECT/CT procedures.
Development of a New Bone‐Mimetic Surface Treatment Platform: Nanoneedle Hydroxyapatite (nnHA) Coating
Authors: Eichholz Kian F. , Von Euw Stanislas , Burdis Ross , Kelly Daniel J. , Hoey David A.
Published: October 2020

The hierarchical structure of bone plays pivotal roles in driving cell behavior and tissue regeneration and must be considered when designing materials for orthopedic applications. Herein, it is aimed to recapitulate the native bone environment by using melt electrowriting to fabricate fibrous microarchitectures which are modified with plate‐shaped (pHA) or novel nanoneedle‐shaped (nnHA) crystals. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction demonstrate that these coatings replicate the nanostructure and composition of native bone. Human mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) mineralization is significantly increased fivefold with pHA scaffolds and 14‐fold with nnHA scaffolds. Given the protein stabilizing properties of mineral, these materials are further functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). nnHA treatment facilitates controlled release of BMP2 which further enhance MSC mineral deposition. Finally, the versatility of this nnHA treatment method, which may be used to coat different architectures/materials including fused deposition modeling (FDM) scaffolds and Ti6Al4V titanium, is demonstrated. This study thus outlines a method for fabricating scaffolds with precise fibrous microarchitectures and bone‐mimetic nnHA extrafibrillar coatings which significantly enhance MSC osteogenesis and therapeutic protein delivery, and leverages these results to show how this surface treatment method may be applied to a wider field for multiple orthopedic applications.
Origin of High Nonradiative Recombination and Relevant Optoelectronic Properties of Ba2Bi1+xNb1−xO6: Candidate for Photo(electro)catalysis and Photovoltaic Applications?
Authors: Kangsabanik Jiban , Borkar Hitesh , Bhawna  , Siddiqui Mohd Salman , Aslam M. , Alam Aftab
Published: October 2020

Recently, perovskite oxides have shown a lot of promise as active materials for photovoltaic (PV) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. In this article, a series of oxides Ba2Bi1+xNb1−xO6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) is evaluated for PV/PEC applications via a combined theoretical and experimental study. Ab‐initio calculation reveals that the stoichiometric compound (Ba2BiNbO6) spontaneously induces the formation of BiNb antisites, leading to off‐stoichiometric structure. The electronic structure of off‐stoichiometric compounds confirms mixed valence character of Bi, introducing intermediate bands in the band structure. UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) predicts the bandgap in the visible range (1.5–1.9 eV). Simulation reveals excellent absorption properties, indicating the possibility of high photoconversion efficiency. Lack of sharp peaks in the DRS, however, raises concern about the level of nonradiative recombination. Point defect simulation suggests the possibility of few deep level donors BiBa, NbBi, VO, in high concentrations (≈1018–1019 cm−3), which can act as nonradiative recombination centers. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy confirms majority carriers to be n‐type. Self‐consistent simulation of the Fermi level (EF) suggests an overall cancellation of donors and acceptors, leading to EF pinning at the mid‐gap region explaining the observed high bulk resistivity. This indicates the requirement of extrinsic doping to achieve desired properties for applications.
Transcranial Ultrasound Innovations Ready for Broad Clinical Application
Authors: Beisteiner Roland , Lozano Andres M.
Published: October 2020

Brain diseases are one of the most important problems in our rapidly ageing society. Currently, there are not many effective medications and surgical options are limited due to invasiveness and non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques cannot be well targeted and cannot access deep brain areas. A novel therapy is transcranial ultrasound which allows a variety of treatments without opening of the skull. Recent technological developments generated three revolutionary options including 1) targeted non‐invasive surgery, 2) highly targeted drug, antibody, or gene therapy via local opening of the blood–brain barrier, and 3) highly targeted brain stimulation to improve pathological brain functions. This progress report summarizes the current state of the art for clinical application and the results of recent patient investigations.
Comparison of the continuation and discontinuation of perioperative antiplatelet therapy in laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study (YCOG 1603)
Authors: Ohya Hiroki , Watanabe Jun , Suwa Yusuke , Nakagawa Kazuya , Suwa Hirokazu , Ozawa Mayumi , Ishibe Atsushi , Kunisaki Chikara , Endo Itaru
Published: October 2020

Aim

The present study aimed to examine the effect of continuing antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative period for patients undergoing laparoscopic resection for colorectal cancer who had received preoperative antiplatelet therapy.

Methods

This retrospective, multicenter, observational study included patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer between January 2011 and May 2020. The study population was limited to patients who used antiplatelet therapy preoperatively.

Results

A total of 214 colorectal cancer patients who received antiplatelet therapy preoperatively were included in the present study. Eighty‐nine patients underwent surgery under the continuation of antiplatelet therapy, and 125 patients underwent surgery under the discontinuation of antiplatelet therapy before surgery. There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to intraoperative blood loss (P = .889), intraoperative blood transfusion (P = 1.000), and conversion to laparotomy (P = 1.000). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative hemorrhagic complications (Clavien‐Dindo Grade ≥II, P = .453; Grade ≥III, P = .572) or three‐point major adverse cardiovascular events (P = .268). However, there were two cases of postoperative non‐fatal stroke in the discontinued antiplatelet therapy group.

Conclusions

The present study revealed that there were no significant differences in the surgical outcomes and postoperative complications between colorectal cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic resection with the continuation of antiplatelet therapy in the perioperative period and those in whom antiplatelet therapy was discontinued during the perioperative period. From the viewpoint of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk, it may be better for patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer to continue antiplatelet therapy. This study was registered with the Japanese Clinical Trials Registry as UMIN000038707 (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm).
Non‐syndromic anophthalmia/microphthalmia can be caused by a PORCN variant inherited in X‐linked recessive manner
Authors: Wawrocka Anna , Walczak‐Sztulpa Joanna , Pawlak Marta , Gotz‐Wieckowska Anna , Krawczynski Maciej R.
Published: October 2020

Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) represent severe developmental ocular malformations, corresponding, respectively, to absent eyeball or reduced size of the eye. Both anophthalmia and microphthalmia may occur in isolation or as part of a syndrome. Genetic heterogeneity has been demonstrated, and many genes have been reported to be associated with A/M. The advances in high‐throughput sequencing have proven highly effective in defining the molecular basis of A/M. Nevertheless, there are still many patients with unsolved genetic background of the disease, who pose a significant challenge in the molecular diagnostics of A/M. Here we describe a family, with three males affected with the non‐syndromic A/M. Whole exome‐sequencing performed in Patient 1, revealed the presence of a novel probably pathogenic variant c.734A>G, (p.[Tyr245Cys]) in the PORCN gene. Pedigree analysis and segregation of the identified variant in the family confirmed the X‐linked recessive pattern of inheritance. This is the first report of X‐linked recessive non‐syndromic A/M. Until now, pathogenic variants in the PORCN gene have been identified in the patients with Goltz syndrome, but they were inherited in X‐linked dominant mode. The ocular phenotype is the only finding observed in the patients, which allows to exclude the diagnosis of Goltz syndrome.
Clericuzio‐type poikiloderma with neutropenia in a patient from India
Authors: Bishnoi Anuradha , Jamwal Manu , Das Reena , Scaria Vinod , Vishwajeet Vikarn , De Dipankar , Saikia Uma Nahar , Mahajan Rahul
Published: October 2020

A 9‐year‐old boy presented for evaluation of variegated skin pigmentation. Palms and soles revealed honeycombed hyperpigmented hyperkeratosis. Irregular, firm, skin coloured nodules suggestive of cutaneous calcification were present on both elbows. Total leucocyte count and absolute neutrophil count were 3720/mm3 and 420/mm3 respectively. The neutropenia was not cyclical. Systematic analysis of the whole exome data revealed a homozygous mutation in USB1 gene; chr16:g.58043892TA>‐[1/1]. A final diagnosis of poikiloderma with neutropenia‐ Clericuzio type (PNC) was made. Naegeli Franceschetti Jadassohn, dermatopathia pigmentosa reticularis, PNC and dyskeratosis congenita, all can present with overlapping cutaneous manifestations. Subtle clinical details like thickened nails, hyperextensible joints, calcinosis cutis, characteristic facies and a preceding erythematopapular rash strongly favor the diagnosis of PNC. The index case highlights two novel findings: obliterated dermatoglyphics and mucin deposition (features not described hitherto in PNC).
Mediating in the Pandemic: The Aftermath and the Stages of Grief
Authors: Levine Ronald J.
Published: October 2020

In the morning of Sept. 11, 2001, I was attending a training session at the New Jersey Law Center in New Brunswick, N.J., to become a certified mediator in New Jersey's program.
How Mediators Evaluate, Through Words, Participants' Gestures and Sometimes Silence
Authors: Golann Dwight
Published: October 2020

Do you give evaluations when you mediate?
Socioeconomic Status Mediates Racial Differences Seen Using theAT(N)Framework
Authors: Meeker Karin L. , Wisch Julie K. , Hudson Darrell , Coble Dean , Xiong Chengjie , Babulal Ganesh M. , Gordon Brian A. , Schindler Suzanne E. , Cruchaga Carlos , Flores Shaney , Dincer Aylin , Benzinger Tammie L. , Morris John C. , Ances Beau M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

African Americans are at greater risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia than non‐Hispanic whites. In addition to biological considerations (eg, genetic influences and comorbid disorders), social and environmental factors may increase the risk of AD dementia. This paper (1) assesses neuroimaging biomarkers of amyloid (A), tau (T), and neurodegeneration (N) for potential racial differences and (2) considers mediating effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and measures of small vessel and cardiovascular disease on observed race differences.

Methods

Imaging measures of AT(N) (amyloid and tau positron emission tomography [PET]) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and resting state functional connectivity (rs‐fc) were collected from African American (n = 131) and white (n = 685) cognitively normal participants age 45 years and older. Measures of small vessel and cardiovascular disease (white matter hyperintensities [WMHs] on MRI, blood pressure, and body mass index [BMI]) and area‐based SES were included in mediation analyses.

Results

Compared to white participants, African American participants had greater neurodegeneration, as measured by decreased cortical volumes (Cohen'sf2= 0.05,p< 0.001). SES mediated the relationship between race and cortical volumes. There were no significant race effects for amyloid, tau, or rs‐fc signature.

Interpretation

Modifiable factors, such as differences in social contexts and resources, particularly area‐level SES, may contribute to observed racial differences in AD. Future studies should emphasize collection of relevant psychosocial factors in addition to the development of intentional diversity and inclusion efforts to improve the racial/ethnic and socioeconomic representativeness of AD studies. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:254–265
A Grounded Theory of Intraoperative Team Members’ Decision Making Regarding Surgical Attire Guideline Adherence
Authors: Mayes Carole G.
Published: October 2020

Surgical attire guidelines (SAGs) assist perioperative nurses with minimizing the risk of patients developing surgical site infections. However, some intraoperative team members fail to fully adhere to SAGs, which may put patients at risk. Because there is a lack of published literature on the reasons for intraoperative team members’ SAG nonadherence, I undertook a grounded theory study to explore the decision making of intraoperative team members related to the AORN SAG. The resulting model identifies the factors that affect decision making regarding SAG adherence, including personal identity needs, adherence anchoring activities, SAG awareness, direction from authority figures and organizations, guideline evidence strength, and resource availability. After weighing the influence of each factor, team members decide to what extent they will adhere to the SAG. The theory also provides guidance for enhancing adherence decisions.
Clinical Issues—November 2020
Authors: Seeman Kristyn
Published: October 2020

THIS MONTH

Using adhesive tape for patient positioning

Key words: adhesive tape, surgical tape, patient positioning, pressure injury, contamination.

Border sterility of open sterile wrappers

Key words: wrapped sterile item, unsterile border, wrapper flap, contaminated, aseptic technique.

Cost per minute of OR time

Key words: cost comparison, direct costs, cost savings, perioperative efficiency, product evaluation.

Packages containing an incorrect number of suture needles

Key words: multipack, retained surgical item (RSI), counting, needle, package.
An efficient plasticizer based on waste cooking oil: Structure and application
Authors: Liu Dekai , Shen Yirui , Wai Phyu Thin , Agus Haryono , Zhang Pingbo , Jiang Pingping , Nie Zhixin , Jiang Guoqiang , Zhao Huihang , Zhao Minzhong
Published: October 2020

Recently, phthalates have been continuously banned in numerous fields by many countries. Therefore, the development of sustainable and efficient plasticizers has become particularly urgent. The waste cooking oil was used as the main raw materials in this study to synthesize an efficient plasticizer (acetylated‐fatty acid methyl ester‐trimellitic acid ester, AC‐FAME‐TAE). The structure of AC‐FAME‐TAE was characterized by FT‐IR and 1H NMR. The performance of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticized by AC‐FAME‐TAE was tested and compared with those of the PVC plasticized with di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DOP) and EFAME (epoxy fatty acid methyl ester), respectively. DSC results indicated that AC‐FAME‐TAE had excellent plasticizing efficiency for PVC. The mechanical properties of PVC plasticized by AC‐FAME‐TAE were as comparable as PVC plasticized by DOP from the results of tensile test. In addition, the PVC plasticized by AC‐FAME‐TAE had excellent thermal stability and solvent resistance by the results of leaching test and TGA.
Curing characteristics, kinetics, and thermal properties of multifunctional fluorene benzoxazines containing hydroxyl groups
Authors: He Xuan‐Yu , Wang Ting , Pan Zhong‐Cheng , Dayo Abdul Qadeer , Wang Jun , Liu Wen‐Bin
Published: October 2020

In this article, 9, 9‐bis (4‐aminophenyl)‐2, 7‐dihydroxy‐fluorene (BADHF) was synthesized using methylsulfonic acid as catalyzer by direct condensation. Two kinds of novel multifunctional benzoxazine monomers containing fluorenyl groups and hydroxyl groups (MB‐FH) were obtained from the chemical reaction of BADHF, salicylaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and ethanolamine (or diethyleneglycolamine) through the adoption of o‐hydroxy‐benzylamine method and one‐step Mannich condensation reaction method. In the traditional three‐step synthesis method, the double bond reduction process took 8–12 h, but in this article, it only took 15 min. The structures of MB‐FH monomers and their intermediates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). The curing behaviors, curing kinetics, and thermal properties of MB‐FH monomers were tested by using a dynamic rheometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), FTIR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The curing induction time can be apparently shortened by the introduction of hydroxyl groups into benzoxazine monomers, and it can catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of oxazine rings at lower temperatures, and improve the interaction of hydrogen bonds in the structure of polybenzoxazine.
Influence of fused filament fabrication parameters on tensile properties of polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposite using response surface methodology
Authors: Ginoux Geoffrey , Vroman Isabelle , Alix Sébastien
Published: October 2020

This study aimed at assessing and optimizing the influence of printing speed and extrusion temperature in a fused filament fabrication (FFF) process on the tensile properties of a polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposite. Mathematical models using Doehlert designs were formulated to examine factor and interaction effects. The models were corroborated by measurements using capillary rheology, tomographic images, and crystallinity analyses to find physical explanations for the differences in tensile properties. The tensile properties were a non‐monotonic function of printing speed, which may be due to various deposition defects that influence the porosity of composite tensile specimens. This study provides new insights into FFF process optimization regarding rheological behavior and mesostructure of nanocomposite by highlighting new modes of deposition defects that originate from process parameter settings and materials. The results contribute to the properties mastery of FFF‐processed materials.
Epistemology, epistemic belief, personal epistemology, and epistemics: A review of concepts as they impact information behavior research
Authors: Kelly Matthew
Published: October 2020

A review of a range of epistemic concepts that are commonly researched was conducted with reference to conventional epistemology and with reference to foundational approaches to justification. These were assessed in relation to previous research undertaken linking information behavior and experience with paradigm, metatheory, and discourse. This research assesses how the epistemic concept is treated, both within information science and within disciplines that have affinities to the topics or agents that have been the subject of inquiry within the field. An attempt is made to clarify the types of connections that are associated with the epistemic concept and to provide a clearer view of how research focused on information behavior might consider the questions underpinning assumptions relating to knowledge and knowing. The symbiotic connection between epistemics and information science is advanced as a suitably nuanced conception of socially organized knowledge from which to define the appropriate level at which knowledge claims can be usefully advanced. It is proposed that fostering a better understanding of epistemics as a research practice might also provide for the development of a range of insights and methods that reflect the dynamic context within which the study of information behavior and information experience is located.
Dynamic changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in acute ischemic stroke and prognostic value
Authors: Xiao Jun , Qiu Qian‐Wen , Qin Chuan , Tao Ran , Qiao Su‐Ya , Chen Man , Pan Deng‐Ji , Tian Dai‐Shi
Published: October 2020

Objective

To explore dynamic changes of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and the relationship with stroke severity and long‐term outcomes.

Methods

A total of 96 consecutive patients with AIS and 28 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected, and the percentages of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. The dynamic changes in lymphocyte subsets and their correlation with clinical parameters, such as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores at onset and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores 3 months later, were evaluated.

Results

In our study, we observed a decrease in the percentages of T‐lymphocytes (T cells), helper/inducible T‐lymphocytes (Th cells) and suppressor/cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes (Ts cells) in AIS patients as compared to controls. The frequencies of T cells and Ts cells on day 8–14 after stroke in NIHSS ≤4 group were significantly higher than those in NIHSS >4 group. The percentages of T cells and Th cells on day 1–3 after stroke in the mRS ≤2 group were higher than those in the mRS >2 group.

Conclusion

The frequencies of T cells, Th cells, and Ts cells in AIS are declined dramatically at least 14 days after stroke. Lower frequencies of T cells and Ts cells on day 8–14 after stroke represent more severe disease conditions, and the percentages of T cells and Th cells within 72 hr after stroke are negatively correlated with 3‐month outcomes, which might have a potential for predicting long‐term prognosis of stroke.
Overlapping tumor‐specific expression of p53, p16INK4a, and sirtuin 1 in Bowen's disease: A case report
Authors: Takada Tomoaki
Published: October 2020

Understanding the impact of inactivating mutations in SIRT1 on the p53 and p16 tumor suppressor genes may yield new insight into the oncogenic mechanisms underlying Bowen's disease.
Late myocardial sequelae of electrical injury
Authors: Koren Ofir , Paz Ehud , Rozner Ehud , Mahamid Muhamad , Turgeman Yoav
Published: October 2020

Electrocution poses serious complications seen mostly at the time of the event. Physicians and patients are usually not aware of the progressive nature and its potentially delayed effect as demonstrated in our case. We believe that a risk stratification model should be designed to guide physicians for proper management.
Cerebral cryptococcosis with pseudo‐meningiomatous revelation?
Authors: Hazim Asmaa , Amriss Omar
Published: October 2020

We report the case of a 28‐year‐old woman with history of lupus treated by Mycophenolate Mofetil and admitted for febrile meningeal syndrome associated with diplopia. Both initial and control brain MRI showed pseudo‐meningiomatous lesion while second CSF microscopy revealed characterizing images of Cryptococcus neoformans.
Transport of Lipophilic Anti‐Tuberculosis Drug Benzothiazone‐043 in Ca3(PO4)2 Nanocontainers
Authors: Rudolph David , Redinger Natalja , Schaible Ulrich E. , Feldmann Claus
Published: October 2020

1,3‐Benzothiazin‐4‐one‐043 (BTZ043) is a novel anti‐mycobacterial agent for tuberculosis (TB) therapy with highly hydrophobic properties. In order to enhance local drug concentrations by improved administration and delivery to the site of the mycobacterial infection, we suggest BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers made via a microemulsion approach for drug delivery (Toc: tocopherol; ds: dodecylsulfate). Based on our concept, the surfactant of the microemulsion itself is used to stabilize the droplet phase by interaction with Ca2+, followed by the formation of an inorganic Ca3(PO4)2 sphere wall in one‐pot reaction. Tocopherol (vitamin E) was used as biocompatible droplet phase of the microemulsion to dissolve the highly lipophilic BTZ043. According to electron microscopy and electron spectroscopy, the resulting BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers exhibit an outer diameter of 28±8 nm and a sphere wall of 4±1 nm. The inner cavity, 18±7 nm in diameter, is loaded with BTZ043 with a concentration of 30.5 μg/mL. First in vitro tests with murine bone marrow derived macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis show promising antibiotic activity of the BTZ043/Toc@Ca(ds)2@Ca3(PO4)2 nanocontainers.
A design methodology for matching smart health requirements
Authors: Bellandi Valerio , Ceravolo Paolo , Cristiano Alessia , Damiani Ernesto , Sanna Alberto , Trojaniello Diana
Published: October 2020

As now well established, the world population is aging rapidly and, according to World Health Organization (WHO), the amount of people aged 60 years and older is expected to total 2 billion in 2050. For this reason, an emerging important issue is the definition of a new generation of healthcare platforms capable of monitoring people's quality of life. In this article, we propose a new methodology that supports the entire requirement elicitation process starting from the initial phase of gathering the requirements, both clinical, technological, and end‐user, up to the choice of the most suitable solution. Our proposal provides a new new iterative model in the smart healthcare field research area. Furthermore we apply our proposal in a real scenario and we report the end‐to‐end implementation of the proposed methodology.
Quantification of Proteins Involved in Intestinal Epithelial Handling of Xenobiotics
Authors: Al‐Majdoub Zubida M. , Couto Narciso , Achour Brahim , Harwood Matthew D. , Carlson Gordon , Warhurst Geoffrey , Barber Jill , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin
Published: October 2020

The intestinal epithelium represents a natural barrier against harmful xenobiotics, while facilitating the uptake of nutrients and other substances. Understanding the interaction of chemicals with constituents of the intestinal epithelium and their fate in the body requires quantitative measurement of relevant proteins in in vitro systems and intestinal epithelium. Recent studies have highlighted the mismatch between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance for several drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the highly dynamic environment of the intestinal epithelium; mRNA abundances cannot therefore be used as a proxy for protein abundances in the gut, necessitating direct measurements. The objective was to determine the expression of a wide range proteins pertinent to metabolism and disposition of chemicals and nutrients in the intestinal epithelium. Ileum and jejunum biopsy specimens were obtained from 16 patients undergoing gastrointestinal elective surgery. Mucosal fractions were prepared and analyzed using targeted and global proteomic approaches. A total of 29 enzymes, 32 transporters, 6 tight junction proteins, 2 adhesion proteins, 1 alkaline phosphatase, 1 thioredoxin, 5 markers, and 1 regulatory protein were quantified—60 for the first time. The global proteomic method identified a further 5,222 proteins, which are retained as an open database for interested parties to explore. This study significantly expands our knowledge of a wide array of proteins important for xenobiotic handling in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative systems biology models will benefit from the novel systems data generated in the present study and the translation path offered for in vitro to in vivo translation.
Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring
Authors: Liu Yanbing , Dhakal Sanjev
Published: October 2020

At present, the rapid development of the national economy consumes a lot of mineral resources, but the national resource extraction efficiency is low. The traditional prospecting methods consume time, money, and personnel, which cannot meet the national demand for resources in a short time. Therefore, technological innovation is needed to reduce consumption in all aspects. With the continuous development of Internet of Things technology, its application is also more extensive. This paper studies the application of Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring. First of all, this research mainly uses the wireless communication technology in the Internet of Things to achieve data transmission and sharing in a short distance and, second, based on the remote sensing monitoring results of the mine environment to comprehensively understand the mining area and find the suitable mining mineral resources at the fastest speed; finally, the dynamic frame time slot ALOHA algorithm is used to estimate the existing data to ensure the availability of the data. The experimental data show that vector point encryption is performed on the center line of the mine at intervals of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 50 m, respectively, and the dynamic frame slot algorithm is used to calculate the appropriate mine mining curve radius. The experimental results show that the application of Internet of Things technology in mineral remote sensing monitoring can accelerate the mining of mineral resources.
Combined endoscopic and transoral resection of a high‐staged juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A pictorial essay
Authors: Lao Wilson P. , Lagabon Kristelle J. , Arom Gabriel A. , Walker Paul C. , Lee Steve C.
Published: October 2020

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas (JNAs) are highly vascular and benign tumors that can expand into the skull base. Delay of treatment can result in intracranial invasion, requiring extensive open approaches such as a facial translocation, maxillary swing, or an orbitozygomatic craniotomy. We describe a single‐stage, combined endoscopic and transoral approach on a 14‐year‐old male with extensive high‐stage dumbbell‐shaped JNA involving the infratemporal fossa, orbit, buccal space, and intracranial extension into Meckel's cave. Successful resection of the tumor and good postoperative outcome was achieved. A transoral approach allowed for greater access to the infratemporal fossa, where endonasal resection was not possible, allowing for improved visualization, greater traction, and dissection. In select highly staged JNAs with significant lateral extension and intracranial involvement, successful and complete resection may be accomplished with this combined approach. Utilization of this approach avoids the morbidity of more invasive open approaches.
Comparison of endoscopic band ligation devices used for colonic diverticular bleeding: in vivo animal study
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Ikeya Takashi , Suzuki Koyu , Yamamoto Kazuki , Yoshimoto Takaaki , Takasu Ayaka , Oguri Noriaki , Okamoto Takeshi , Okuyama Syuhei , Takagi Koichi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: October 2020

Background and Aim

Endoscopic band ligation (EBL), used for the treatment of colonic diverticular bleeding, has a lower rebleeding rate than endoscopic clipping. However, different devices are used in Japan and the Western countries; no animal studies have been conducted to elucidate the safety of such devices. We compared two EBL devices, the first used in Japan and the second used in Western countries.

Methods and Results

The Japanese and Western EBL devices were compared by assessing the EBL safety at 40 sites in an animal model with a normal colon that is anatomically similar to the human colon. Macroscopic and pathological examinations were performed to evaluate the layer ligated by the band and the presence of perforation. The findings on day 1 and day 7 after EBL were compared. The ligated layer was the muscularis propria at 39 sites; the layer was not evaluated at one site where the band was unintentionally removed during the endoscopic procedure. Pathologically, there was no perforation at any of the assessed sites. There was no statistical difference in any of the pathological variables between the two devices or between days 1 and 7 after EBL. The total procedure time was significantly shorter with the Western EBL device.

Conclusions

In this animal study, both evaluated devices were safe for EBL, without differences in the macroscopic and pathological variables after EBL. Ligation of the muscularis propria layer did not result in perforation.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Response to Laryngeal Adductor Reflex Elicitation in Humans
Authors: Meisoll Frederik J. , Jungheim Michael , Fast Jacob F. , Miller Simone , Ptok Martin
Published: October 2020

Objective

The laryngeal adductor reflex (LAR) is an important mechanism to secure the airways from potential foreign body aspiration. An involvement of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) in terms of a laryngo‐UES contractile reflex has been identified after laryngeal mucosa stimulation. However, the LAR–UES relationship has not yet been fully explained. This study aimed to determine the magnitude, latency, and occurrence rate of the UES pressure response when the LAR is triggered in order to elucidate the functional relationship between the larynx and the UES.

Methods

This prospective study included seven healthy volunteers (5 female, 2 male, age 22–34 years). Laryngeal penetration was simulated by eliciting the LAR 20 times in each individual by applying water‐based microdroplets onto the laryngeal mucosa. UES pressures were measured simultaneously using high‐resolution manometry.

Results

Two distinct pressure phases (P1, P2) associated with the LAR were identified. P1 corresponded with a short‐term UES pressure decrease in two subjects and a pressure increase in five subjects occurring 200 to 500 ms after the stimulus. In P2, all subjects experienced an increase in UES pressure with a latency time of approximately 800 to 1700 ms and an average of 40 to 90 mmHg above the UES resting tone.

Conclusion

Foreign bodies penetrating the laryngeal inlet lead to a reflex contraction of the UES. Phase P1 could be a result of vocal fold activity caused by the LAR, leading to pressure changes in the UES. The constriction during P2 could strengthen the barrier function of the UES in preparation to a subsequent cough that may be triggered to clear the airways.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1778–E1784, 2021
Botulinum Toxin Injection for Chronic Parotitis: A Multi‐Center and Prospective Trial
Authors: Kwon Soon Young , Chun Kyung Ju , Kil Hong Kwon , Oh Kyoung Ho , Kim Chulhan , Jang Su Jin , Kim Min‐Su
Published: October 2020

Objective

When conservative therapy fails for chronic parotitis, sialendoscopic treatment or surgical excision can be considered. However, these are financially costly or invasive. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin (BTX) injection and to further analyze its effect on parotid gland function and volume using salivary single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)‐computed tomography (CT).

Methods

This clinical trial has been registered in the Clinical Research Information Service, Republic of Korea. Fourteen patients with chronic parotitis received BTX injections into the parotid glands. Pain, postprandial pain, swelling, aesthetic discomfort, and salivary flow rate were assessed before injection, at 2 weeks, and at 1, 3, and 6 months. Salivary SPECT–CT was performed before injection and again 3 and 6 months after to assess the volume and uptake changes.

Results

All subjective symptoms decreased significantly until 1 month and then increased. However, at 6 months, all subjective symptoms were determined to be better than before injection. The unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rate did not show a significant difference over time. No significant difference was noted in parotid gland volume or uptake on salivary SPECT–CT over time.

Conclusion

BTX injection can be an alternative treatment option for chronic parotitis.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1903–E1909, 2021
Directed Assembly of Large‐Sized, Mechanically Robust, Nacre‐Inspired Graphene Oxide/Sodium Alginate Nanocomposite Paper
Authors: Mei Yong , Tang Xuke , Guo Jianchao , Sun Tian‐Yu , Zhang Yongbo , Chen Ke
Published: October 2020

Various approaches have been exploited to copy nacreous structure into human‐made structural nanocomposites with similar structure and impressive mechanical performance. However, it is still facing a great challenge to produce large‐sized, strong, and tough, biopolymer‐based nanocomposite, especially for further scale‐up in practical application. Herein, a large‐sized and nacre‐inspired nanocomposite paper can be successfully prepared via a simple evaporation‐induced self‐assembly technique, based on assembling hybrid graphene oxide/sodium alginate (GO/SA) building blocks. Through optimizing the lamellar hybrid interfacial interactions derived from hydrogen‐bonding network, the nacre‐inspired nanocomposite achieves a unique integration of high strength (up to 350.3 MPa) and high toughness (22.4 ± 2.9 MJ m−3), are superior to natural nacre, almost all GO and SA‐related composites, and many engineering materials. The hydrogen bond‐property correlation, combined with a simple assembling technique, will provide a powerful path for the large‐scale production of lightweight, biopolymer‐based materials with excellent mechanical properties.
Erdheim-Chester Disease and Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: A Case of Overlap Syndrome
Authors: Ippolito Davide , Ragusi Maria , Maino Cesare , Pecorelli Anna , Giandola Teresa , Franzesi Cammillo Talei , Sironi Sandro
Published: October 2020

Only 500 cases of Erdheim-Chester disease have been reported in the literature to date. To increase awareness of this rare disease, this letter to the editor describes the unusual case of a woman who was diagnosed with mixed histiocytosis: Erdheim-Chester disease and Langerhans cell histiocytosis.