bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS OF p53 ALTERATIONS IN ORAL CANCER PROGRESSION: A REVIEW FROM INDIA
Authors: Patel K R , Vajaria B N , Singh R D , Begum R , Patel P S
Published: January 2019

p53 plays a central role in prevention of normal cell from the development of the malignant phenotype. Somatic alterations (mutations, loss of heterozygosity, deletions) in p53 are a hallmark of most human cancers and cause defects in normal p53 function. However, in the tumors harboring wild-type p53, there are alterations in the regulation of the p53. Thus, understanding why p53 is unable to perform its role as a tumor suppressor in these wild-type tumors is very crucial. Germ-line polymorphisms in p53 are also anticipated to cause measurable disturbance in p53 function. Over-expression as well as polymorphic variants of MDM2 might have effects on cancer development. In addition, degradation of p53 by E6 protein of high risk human papillomavirus is also suggested as one of the mechanisms which attenuate p53 responses in oral carcinogenesis. p53 has also been demonstrated to mediate cellular responses upon various DNA damaging cancer therapies, importantly, apoptosis. These responses have been implicated in an individual’s ability to respond to these cancer therapies. Thus, exploring mechanisms by which normal function of p53 is affected in the comprehensive way in oral cancer might aid in the identification of tumor characteristics, prognosis and thus in the development of a new approach to treat the oral cancer.
IMPACT OF ENDOSTATIN GENE THERAPY ON MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS FROM A METASTATIC RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Chaves K CB , Costa E M , Teixeira L F , Bellini M H
Published: January 2019

Aim: To evaluate the role of endostatin (ES) gene therapy on myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in a metastatic model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Materials and Methods: Balb/C mice bearing orthotopic Renca tumors were treated with NIH/3T3LendSN or, as a control, with NIH/3T3-LXSN cells. At the end of in vivo experiment, plasma and tissue lung samples were collected. Plasma ES and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured by ELISA and Milliplex, respectively. Quantification of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells and their subsets was performed by flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured in CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC using the DCFDA marker by flow cytometry. Results: Metastatic RCC (mRCC) induced expansions of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC and promoted accumulation of these cells and their subtypes in lymphoid organ and metastases. ES treatment promoted low G-CSF plasmatic levels which were produced by the tumor microenvironment, reflecting the reduced metastatic accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ MDSC in the lungs. However, the therapy was selective for granulocytic cells, thus reducing the production of ROS. Conclusion: These findings confirm the expansion of MDSC during metastatic progression of RCC and indicate the important role of ES in reducing MDSC and possible use of ES therapy in combined anticancer treatment.
SENSITIVITY TO 4-HYDROXYESTRADIOL AND DNA REPAIR EFFICIENCY IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES OF ENDOMETRIAL CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Buchynska L G , Brieieva O V
Published: January 2019

Background: The development of hormone-dependent cancers, including endometrial carcinomas, in great part may be mediated by the genotoxic effects of estrogen metabolites, among which 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2) is characterized by the most prominent DNA-damaging properties. It is assumed that the individual sensitivity to the 4OHE2 may determine the predisposition to endometrial cancer (EС). Aim: To analyze the sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of EC patients to the 4OHE2 and to evaluate the repair efficiency of 4OHE2-induced DNA damage. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on the PBLs of 53 EC patients and 20 healthy women. The level of DNA damage was measured using the comet assay and was expressed as % tail DNA. The DNA repair efficiency (%) was evaluated by determining the ratio between the amount of repaired DNA damage and the level of 4OHE2-induced damage that appeared after incubation of PBLs with 4OHE2. Results: In PBLs of EC patients, a higher level of 4OHE2-induced DNA damage (32.0 ± 2.2% tail DNA) and lower DNA repair efficiency (34.0 ± 4.5%) was observed compared to PBLs of healthy women (22.3 ± 2.3% tail DNA and 48.8 ± 4.5%, respectively). PBLs of EC patients with deep tumor invasion of myometrium were characterized by more prominent decrease of DNA repair than those with less invasive tumor (< ½ of myometrium) (20.9 ± 7.8 and 43.7 ± 6.7%, respectively). Furthermore, lower DNA repair efficiency was detected in the PBLs of EC patients with a family history of cancer compared to this parameter in patients with sporadic tumors (20.9±7.8 and 47.1 ± 5.5%, respectively). Conclusion: The PBLs of EC patients are characterized by increased sensitivity to the genotoxic effect of 4OHE2 and reduced repair efficiency regarding 4OHE2-induced DNA damage. A lower level of DNA repair is observed in EC patients with deep tumor myometrial invasion and a family history of cancer.
VARIANT OF RARE HERMANSKY — PUDLAK SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH GRANULOMATOUS COLITIS: DIAGNOSTICS, CLINICAL COURSE AND TREATMENT
Authors: Lozynska L Y , Plawski A , Lozynska M R , Vytvytskyi I , Lozynskyi R Y , Prokopchuk N , Tretiak B
Published: January 2019

Aim: To study the relationship between the genotype and the phenotype in the patients with Hermansky — Pudlak syndrome (HPS) associated with granulomatous colitis; to monitor clinical course of the disease for adequate treatment, cancer surveillance and genetic counseling. Materials and Methods: The diagnosis of HPS is established by physical examination, chest X-ray, computed tomography, endoscopic examination with biopsy, and laboratory tests, including histology, baseline laboratory blood, urine and feces tests, determination of ASCA-C and ANCA antibodies using an ELISA. Molecular genetic testing for HPS gene mutations, R702W, G908R, L1007fs and P268S mutations in NOD2 gene, and TaqI variant of the VDR gene were carried out. Results: We report 2 cases of HPS from unrelated families. Both were complicated by inflammatory bowel disease with pathologic features of Crohn’s disease refractory to antibiotics and corticosteroids. One patient (family 1) with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry had pathogenic variant of the HPS-4 gene in exon 8, mutation P268S of NOD2 genes and “Tt” genotype of TaqI variant of the VDR gene. Another patient (family 2) carried two mutations P268S and G908R of NOD2 gene, and had a large paraovarian cyst diagnosed. No consistent success with the standard medical therapy, used for treating granulomatous colitis, associated with HPS, in presented cases was achieved. Patients needed surgical interventions at a young age and a long-term surveillance of the probable development of tumors and other complications. Azathioprine at 2 mg/kg/day and mesalazine 3 g/day were used with some positive effect for prevention of Crohn’s disease postoperative recurrence. Conclusion: The occurrence of perianal lesions, the histopathological findings and the results of the molecular genetic analysis confirmed the mutations P268S and G908R of NOD2 gene in these cases suggest that HPS was truly associated with Crohn’s disease variant with early onset and severe course. The search for the molecular causes of the disease in some individuals may help in the development of new therapeutic and surgical approaches, as well in the improvement of understanding of premalignant inflammatory conditions in a large bowel.
EFFECT OF CYTOSTATIC AGENTS ON EXPRESSION LEVELS OF HUMAN BETA-DEFENSINS-1-4 IN A431 AND MCF-7 CELL LINES
Authors: Zubenko O S , Semeniuk D O , Starenka I O , Pogribnyy P V
Published: January 2019

The aim of the study was to analyze an effect of cytostatic agents of different mechanism of action on expression levels of human beta-defensins-1-4 (hBD-1-4) in cultured human cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Expression levels of hBD-1-4 mRNA were assessed using qPCR in human epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells and human breast adenocarcinoma MCF7 cells treated with cisplatin, methotrexate, doxorubicin or vincristine at the IC20 concentrations. Results: The cytostatic agents with different mechanisms of action affected differently expression of hBDs, dependent on the cell line. Mostly, cytostatic agents suppressed significantly expression of hBDs. In contrast, vincristine caused significant up-regulation of hBD-1 (12 fold, p < 0.05) and hBD-4 (2 fold, p < 0.05) in MCF7, and doxorubicin significantly enhanced expression of hBD-3 (2 fold, p < 0.05) and hBD-4 (> 10 fold, p < 0.05) in A431 cells. Conclusion: The results of this pilot study show that expression levels of hBD-1-4 may be altered upon treatment with cytostatic agents depending on nature of cells.
CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CADMIUM SULFIDE NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Apykhtina O L , Dybkova S M , Sokurenko L M , Chaikovsky Yu B
Published: January 2019

Cadmium compounds are highly toxic substances characterized by mutagenic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects, and having high cumulative properties. Application of cadmium nanoparticles (NPs) in medicine stimulates the study of their mechanism of action at the cellular level and at the level of organs and systems, determination of biomarkers of their action, particularly in comparison with the ionic form. The aim of the study was to compare the features of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of cadmium sulfide (CdS) NPs of different sizes on cell cultures of different histogenesis with those of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Materials and Methods: In this work, we used cadmium compounds in the nanoform: NPs CdS of 4–6 nm and of 9–11 nm in size; and in the ionic form: CdCl2. The studies were conducted in vitro in cell lines — IMR-32, НEК-293 and MАEC. To count viable cells we compared the results of three basic tests: MTT (methyl tetrasolium test), SRB (sulforhodamine B test) and NRU (neutral red uptake test). We evaluated the genotoxic effect of the substances studied in vitro using DNA comet assay in alkaline conditions. Results: CdS NPs and CdCl2 demonstrated pronounced dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MАEC, НEК-293 and IMR-32 cell lines, by impairing membrane permeability, functioning of mitochondria and lysosomes, and inhibiting the function of protein synthesis. Cytotoxic effect of CdCl2 was the most pronounced, this effect of CdS NPs of 9–11 nm in size being the least pronounced. The comet DNA assay in alkaline conditions revealed a statistically significant increase in DNA comet index when exposed to CdCl2 and CdS NPs in comparison with the negative control, which indicates their genotoxic effect. CdS NPs of 4–6 nm in size showed a more pronounced effect in comparison with those of 9–11 nm in size. Conclusion: Elucidation of mechanisms underlying the implementation of toxic effects of cadmium NPs will help in assessing the potential risks associated with their use in industry and developing effective preventive measures. For instance, when planning in vivo studies for toxicological evaluation of nanomaterials and nano-substances containing NPs of cadmium, it is necessary to investigate the mutagenic and carcinogenic risks and to take into account the high likelihood of neurotoxic and cardiovasotoxic effects, along with nephrotoxic effects, since high cytotoxic activity of the investigated compounds of cadmium was detected on the cells of the MАEC line (endothelial origin) and IMR-32 (neuronal origin).
MARKERS OF THE EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN CELLS OF ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Nesina I P , Iurchenko N P , Buchynska L G
Published: January 2019

Aim: To study the expression of adhesion markers (E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin) associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their role in progression of endometrial carcinoma (EC). Materials and Methods: Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and vimentin was studied immunohistochemically in the samples of surgical material of 55 EC patients stage I–III. The proliferation index was determined by flow cytometry. Results: In the group of vimentin-negative EC, tumors of low differentiation grade and deep invasion in myometrium as well as high expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin prevailed compared with the cases with high expression of vimentin. In addition, in EC with high expression of vimentin, an increase in the number of cells with expression of E-cadherin in the cytoplasm (78.9 ± 3.6%) and β-catenin with cytoplasmic-nuclear localization (73.7 ± 3.2%) was observed compared with these indices in vimentin-negative tumors (45.4 ± 4.2%, p < 0.001 and 54.5 ± 2.6%, respectively, p < 0.005), which may indicate EMT-associated changes in EC with high expression of vimentin. Conclusions: The progression of the endometrioid carcinoma may occur in the setting of various molecular changes, in particular, with decreased expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin and high expression of vimentin, or in the absence of vimentin, utilizing other mechanisms of regulation of proliferative and metastatic potential.
A CASE REPORT OF LATE LOCAL RELAPSE OF ADRENOCORTICAL CARCINOMA 18 YEARS AFTER ADRENALECTOMY
Authors: Tkachenko R , Golovko A , Kuryk O
Published: January 2019

Adrenocortical cancer is an extremely rare tumor presenting with extensive locoregional spread at the time of diagnosis. Due to the diagnostic difficulties preoperatively and a lack of effective treatment options, patients have poor prognosis. Patients succumb to metastases within a couple of months. Only 20 cases have been so far reported in the literature with a medium disease-free survival up to 2 years. We present a case of a locoregional recurrence of adrenocortical cancer 18 years after left adrenalectomy.
METASTATIC CARDIAC TUMORS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND OWN OBSERVATION OF TESTICULAR TUMOR METASTASIS IN THE RIGHT VENTRICLE OF THE HEART
Authors: Zakhartseva L M , Zakharova L P , Shatrova K M , Chitaeva G E , Vitovsky R M
Published: January 2019

Background: Tumors of the heart are uncommon and usually benign (in 93% cases myxomas are observed). More often secondary, metastatic tumors are detected in the heart, as a rule, at pronounced progression of the malignant neoplasm with multiple lesions of other internal organs (lung, pleura, liver, etc.). Literature review on cardiac metastases of different tumors is given. Case Report: Own observation of a young man with rare single metastasis of malignant testicular germ cell tumor with predominance of embryonic carcinoma in the right ventricle of the heart is presented; the primary tumor was detected after metastasis revealing. The diagnostic algorithm using routine histological study supplemented with immunohistochemistry, including detection of cytokeratin pan, cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 7, CD30, OCT4, TTF-1, hCG, and AFP markers expression, is described.
Depressive Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis of Clinical and Community-Based Studies
Authors: Tan Eva Y.L. , Köhler Sebastian , Hamel Renske E.G. , Muñoz-Sánchez Juan Luis , Verhey Frans R.J. , Ramakers Inez H.G.B.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Affective symptoms are considered a risk factor or prodromal symptom for dementia. Recent reviews indicate that depressive symptoms predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, but results need to be further explored.

Objective:

To investigate the effect of depressive symptoms on the development of dementia in people with MCI, and explore potential sources of between-study variability, including study setting by a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods:

Databases were searched for prospective studies defining people with MCI at baseline, investigating dementia at follow-up and giving information about depressive symptoms. Two authors independently extracted data from the studies and rated the methodological quality. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effect models to yield pooled risk ratios (RR). Meta-regression analyses tested differences between clinical and community-based studies and other sources of heterogeneity.

Results:

Thirty-five studies, representing 14,158 individuals with MCI, were included in the meta-analysis. Depressive symptoms in MCI predicted dementia in 15 community-based studies (RR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.49–1.93, I2 = 0.0%), but not in 20 clinical studies (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.92–1.14, I2 = 73.0%). Further investigation of this effect showed that the mean age of community-based studies was significantly higher than of clinical studies but neither this nor other study characteristics explained variability in study outcomes.

Conclusions:

Depressive symptoms are associated with an increased risk of conversion from MCI to dementia in community-based studies. In contrast, evidence in clinical populations was insufficient with high heterogeneity.
[11C]PIB PET Is Associated with the Brain Biopsy Amyloid-β Load in Subjects Examined for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Authors: Rinne Juha O. , Suotunen Timo , Rummukainen Jaana , Herukka Sanna-Kaisa , Nerg Ossi , Koivisto Anne M. , Rauramaa Tuomas , Någren Kjell , Hiltunen Mikko , Alafuzoff Irina , Rinne Jaakko , Jääskeläinen Juha E. , Soininen Hilkka , Leinonen Ville
Published: January 2019

Background:

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is frequently associated with concomitant amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology.

Objective:

To compare the [11C]PIB PET uptake in the patients with suspected iNPH to Aβ and hyperphosphorylated-tau (HP τ) in the right frontal cortical biopsy, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ, the response to a CSF shunt, and the final clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:

Patients ( n = 21) from Kuopio NPH Registry ( http://www.uef.fi/nph ) with intraventricular pressure monitoring, immunostaining for Aβ and HP τ in the right frontal cortical biopsies, and a Mini-Mental State Examination and a Clinical Dementia Rating underwent [11C]PIB PET. Aβ, total tau, and P τ181 were measured by ELISA from the ventricular ( n = 15) and the lumbar ( n = 9) CSF. Response to the shunt was seen in 13 out of the 15 shunted patients. AD was diagnosed in 8 patients during a median follow-up of 6 years (mean 7.3±2.4 years, range 3–1).

Results:

[11C]PIB uptake in the right frontal cortex ( ρ= 0.60, p < 0.01) and the combined neocortical [11C]PIB uptake score ( ρ= 0.61, p < 0.01) were associated with a higher Aβ load in the right frontal cortical biopsy. Excluding one (1/15) outlier, [11C]PIB uptake was also associated with the ventricular CSF Aβ ( ρ= –0.58, p = 0.03).

Conclusions:

The findings show that [11C]PIB PET can reliably detect simultaneous amyloid pathology among the iNPH patients. Further studies will show whether amyloid PET could predict a clinical response to the shunt operation. In addition, the presence of Aβ pathology in the patients with iNPH might also warrant treatment with current AD drugs.
Monozygotic Twins with Frontotemporal Dementia Due To Thr272fs GRN Mutation Discordant for Age At Onset
Authors: Fumagalli Giorgio Giulio , Sacchi Luca , Basilico Paola , Arighi Andrea , Carandini Tiziana , Scarioni Marta , Colombi Annalisa , Pietroboni Anna , Ghezzi Laura , Fenoglio Chiara , Serpente Maria , D’anca Marianna , Arcaro Marina , Mercurio Matteo , Triulzi Fabio , Scola Elisa , Marotta Giorgio , Scarpini Elio , Galimberti Daniela
Published: January 2019

We report the case of two monozygotic twins with Thr272fs mutation in progranulin gene. Both patients developed frontotemporal dementia with 5 years difference in age at onset (Twin 1:73 years, Twin 2:68 years), with early behavioral, language, dysexecutive, and memory problems. They had the same formal education (5 years), but while Twin 1 dedicated more to social and leisure activity, Twin 2 worked all her life. At neuroimaging (MRI for Twin 1 and CT for Twin 2), they both showed asymmetric atrophy with left predominance. The two were discordant for total tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid, neuropsychological testing, and smoking habits. The description of the twins can help identify environmental factors that influence the onset and phenotype of frontotemporal dementia.
Localized Analysis of Normalized Distance from Scalp to Cortex and Personalized Evaluation (LANDSCAPE): Focusing on Age- and Dementia-Specific Changes
Authors: Lu Hanna , Chan Sandra S.M. , Lam Linda C. W.
Published: January 2019

Background:

Scalp to cortex distance (SCD), as a key technological parameter, has been highlighted in the guidelines of non-invasive brain stimulation. However, in the context of age-related brain changes, the region-specific SCD and its impact on stimulation-induced electric field remain unclear.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the region-specific SCD and its relationship with morphometric features and cognitive function in age- and disease-specific populations.

Methods:

We analyzed the SCD and cortical thickness (CT) of left primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in 214 cognitively normal adults and 43 dementia patients. CT-adjusted SCD was used to control the influence of CT on SCD. Head model was developed to simulate the impact of SCD on the electric field induced by transcranial electrical stimulation.

Results:

We found age-related increased SCD in the left DLPFC ( p < 0.001), but not M1 ( p = 0.134), and dementia-related increased SCD in both left DLPFC ( p < 0.001) and M1 ( p < 0.001). CT-adjusted SCD showed greater region-specific impact on left DLPFC rather than M1. The electric field induced by stimulation was consequently decreased with the increased SCD across normal aging and dementia groups.

Conclusions:

Age and dementia have differential impacts on the SCDs of left DLPFC and M1. The findings suggest that it is important to be aware of region-specific distance measures when conducting neuromodulation in individuals with old age and dementia.
Impacts of Overweight and Obesity in Older Age on the Risk of Dementia: A Systematic Literature Review and a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Danat Isaac M. , Clifford Angela , Partridge Martin , Zhou Weiju , Bakre Aishat T. , Chen Anthony , McFeeters Danielle , Smith Tina , Wan Yuhui , Copeland John , Anstey Kaarin J. , Chen Ruoling
Published: January 2019

Background:

It is unclear whether overweight and obesity in older age reduces or increases the risk of incident dementia.

Objective:

To assess the impacts of overweight and obesity in older age on incident dementia.

Methods:

We searched cohort studies reporting body weight measured in older age and dementia through PubMed, Embase, Medline, PyschInfo, and Cochrane library until July 2016. Sixteen articles were identified for the review. We pooled data from them and a new unpublished study from China, to calculate relative risk (RR) of incident dementia in relation to body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Results:

All 16 cohort studies were undertaken in high income countries, with follow-up periods ranging between 3 to 18 years. Thirteen studies showed an inverse association between BMI and dementia, and three studies demonstrated a positive association. Pooled RR of dementia in relation to continuous BMI from 14 studied populations, including the new Chinese data, was 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–1.00); in those followed up <9 years it was 0.95 (0.93–0.96) while in ≥9 years follow-up it was 1.03 (0.96–1.11). In five studied populations examining categorical BMI, RR of dementia in older people classified as overweight and obese was 0.98 (0.54–1.77) and 1.17 (0.65–2.10) respectively, in comparison with other weights. The pooled WC data showed no association between increased WC and reduced risk of dementia.

Conclusion:

The current evidence did not support a paradox on beneficial impacts of overweight and obesity in older age on incident dementia. More studies with long term follow up are needed to clarify the association of body weight in older age with dementia risk.
KIR2DS2/KIR2DL2/HLA-C1 Haplotype Is Associated with Alzheimer’s Disease: Implication for the Role of Herpesvirus Infections
Authors: Rizzo Roberta , Bortolotti Daria , Gentili Valentina , Rotola Antonella , Bolzani Silvia , Caselli Elisabetta , Tola Maria Rosaria , Di Luca Dario
Published: January 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, where neuroinflammation and immune cells are key pathological factors. Recently, it was suggested a possible association between AD and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection. Since we recently observed that multiple sclerosis patients with KIR2DL2 expression on natural killer (NK) cells are more susceptible to herpesvirus infection, we tested the possible implication of KIR/HLA genetic for HHV-6A infection. We identified, for the first time, a possible implication of a specific KIR/HLA subset in AD. The combination KIR2DS2/KIR2DL2/C1 correlated with a lower MMSEDi score, representative of a severe AD status and an increased susceptibility to HHV-6A infection. Therefore, the results seem to converge on the hypothesis that herpesvirus infection might play a role in AD. If this hypothesis finds experimental confirmation, a new therapeutic strategy, modulating KIR2DL2 expression on NK cells, for AD might be envisaged.
Lipidized Prolactin-Releasing Peptide Agonist Attenuates Hypothermia-Induced Tau Hyperphosphorylation in Neurons
Authors: Pražienková Veronika , Schirmer Claire , Holubová Martina , Železná Blanka , Kuneš Jaroslav , Galas Marie-Christine , Maletínská Lenka
Published: January 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. These tangles mainly consist of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. As it induces tau hyperphosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, hypothermia is a useful tool for screening potential neuroprotective compounds that ameliorate tau pathology. In this study, we examined the effect of prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP), its lipidized analog palm11-PrRP31 and glucagon-like-peptide-1 agonist liraglutide, substances with anorexigenic and antidiabetic properties, on tau phosphorylation and on the main kinases and phosphatases involved in AD development. Our study was conducted in a neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y and rat primary neuronal cultures under normothermic and hypothermic conditions. Hypothermia induced a significant increase in tau phosphorylation at the pThr212 and pSer396/pSer404 epitopes. The palmitoylated analogs liraglutide and palm11-PrRP31 attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation, suggesting their potential use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Frequent sweet consumption associated with poor dietary habits and increased screen time in children and adolescents: Results from the National Action for Children’s Health program
Authors: Tambalis Konstantinos D. , Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Sidossis Labros S.
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND:

Frequent sweet consumption constitutes a significant health issue among children which leads to a predisposition towards overweight and cardiovascular disease risk factors.

OBJECTIVE:

To examine the prevalence of sweet consumption and to identify associated lifestyle factors.

METHODS:

Cross-sectional, observational study. Population data derived from a health survey carried out in 2015 on a representative sample of 177091 children aged 8 to 17 years. Sweet consumption and dietary habits were evaluated using questionnaires (KIDMED index). Frequency of sweets consumption constitutes a question of KIDMED and it was classified as rare or frequent. Physical activity status, screen time and sleeping habits were assessed through self-completed questionnaires.

RESULTS:

More boys than girls (19.6% vs. 17.5%, p < 0.001) consumed sweet frequently (more than twice daily). Sweet consumption was strongly associated with unhealthy dietary habits such as skipping breakfast and fast food consumption. Adjusting for several covariates, insufficient dietary habits, insufficient sleep and increased screen time were increased on participant’s odds of being frequent sweet consumers by 80% (95% CI 0.17–0.23), 18% (95% CI1.05–1.29) and 218% (95% CI 1.96–2.41) in boys and by 80% (95% CI 0.17–0.24), 31% (95% CI1.17–1.47) and 241% (95% CI 2.15–2.72) in girls.

CONCLUSIONS:

Frequent sweet consumption was associated with an unhealthy lifestyle profile.
THE LINKAGE BETWEEN UNIVERSITY AND INDUSTRY
Authors: Nguyen Quynh Mai
Published: January 2019

This research was conducted to evaluate types, strength and benefits of linkages between university and industry in Ho Chi Minh City. Data was collected from both universities and businesses. We received 138 responses from faculties and centers of 26 universities (out of 30 universities surveyed) and 120 responses from 120 businesses in manufacturing, service and trading. The study identified three prevalent types of the linkage in training and technology transfer, which are: (1) Industry supports university in training; (2) University provides training and technology transfer for industry; and (3) Industry provides technological facilities for university. The level of this collaboration was found to be average in the universities group and weak in the businesses group. The benefits of collaboration are divided into two groups, namely benefits in training and benefits in research. The result also showed there is significant correlation between the strength and benefits of the linkage.
Finding the Reasons of Using the Flouted Maxims in the Utterances of Adaline in the Age of Adaline Movie Subtitle
Authors: Laraswati Novita Ayu
Published: January 2019

People sometimes flout the maxims of Cooperative Principle in speaking becausethey imply something in their utterance. To get the implied meaning of thespeaker, the theory of cooperative principles and context are used to analyzethe utterance. This article is aimed to analyze the types of maxim being floutedand the factors that influence the use of flouted maxim in a movie. The sourceof the data used in this research are taken from a movie subtitle entitled TheAge of Adaline (2015) directed by Lee Toland Krieger. This is a qualitative and quantitative research. The qualitative method is applied to analyze the data whereas the quantitative is used to count the number of each flouted maxim.The results of this research show that there are four types of flouted maxim usedby the main character in The Age of Adaline movie, they are: flouted maxim ofrelation, flouted maxim of quantity, flouted maxim of manner, flouted maximof quality. The writer also found the factors influenced the characters to floutthe maxim. The main character flouts the Maxim of Manner because she wantsto end the conversation. Another flouted maxim is Maxim of Quantity. Thereason is Adaline wants to give more information to the hearer about something.The reason of Adaline flouts the maxim of Relation is because she wants tohide something. The reasons why the character flouts the Maxim of Quality isto tease the hearer. Additionally, Adaline as the main character in The Age ofAdaline movie also flout two maxims in an utterance. The reason is that shewants to emphasize her intentions.
Reading Material Based Gender and Cultural Familiarity and Its Implementation
Authors: Susanti Elis
Published: January 2019

The schemata theory in reading explains that in the process of comprehending a reading material, a pre-exsistent knowledge of the readers will be active when they read a piece of reading material in which it presents a familiar vocabulary, patterns, or contexts in which they fit into the readers’ pre-exsistent knowledge. As a result, readers can recognize what they read because it fits into patterns what they already known. This research was categorized as a type of research and development in which it developed a reading material on the basis of the readers’ interest and content  familiarity which was constructed under the concept of  schemata theory in reading. The research stages consisted of conducting praresearch, developing a prototype, validating the prototype, and applying the design to the research sample. The researchers took a class of X social science class in SMAN 1 Abung Semuli consisting of 32 students as the research sample to apply the prototype of this research development product. The data analysis shows that the use of reading material based gender and cultural familiarity gives significant influence on the students’ reading comprehension in which to the conclusion that the prototype of this research product is effective to be used as a reading material in a reading class.
One Stay Three Stray in Teaching Reading
Authors: Baroroh Maghfirotul
Published: January 2019

This research aimed to know whether one stay three stray method can improvestudents’ reading comprehension at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember in 2017/2018academic year. The type of this research was Classroom Action Research (CAR).This research was done in two cycles which consisted of planning, implementing,observing, and reflecting in each cycle. The subjects of this research were thestudents 32 students of tenth Science at SMA Muhammadiyah 3 Jember. Theresearch instruments used were reading test and observation checklist. Theresult of reading test data in cycle 1 showed that the students did not achieve thecriteria of success. The researcher needed to revise lesson plan or strategy in cycle2. All activities were done with the balance partner and having two clockwisearound the room. Based on result of data analysis there was improvement onstudents’ reading comprehension which can be seen from the results of the twocycles in which cycle 2 was better than cycle 1.
浅谈如何为中职非财会专业的学生上好会计课
Authors: 刁 丽萍
Published: January 2019

当前中职院校会计教育已成为经济管理系学生的必修课程,而针对非财会专业人才普及会计基础知识同样不容小觑。为此,采取何种方式激发非会计专业学生对会计学习的兴趣,引导其运用会计知识,分析问题成为基层会计教育人员致力研究的新课题。
运用现代教育技术促进数学教育教学
Authors: 闻 小娇
Published: January 2019

大学数学在高等教育课程体系中占有重要地位,而现代教育技术则在大学数学教学中发挥着很大的作用。随着科学技术的飞速发展,传统的大学数学教学方法已经不能适应学生的要求,因此教师需要积极采用适当的现代化教学技术,增加学生的学习兴趣,更好的完成教学目标。
The Role of Chronic Inflammation in Prostate Carcinogenesis: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Chen Wei , Jia Liwei , Gupta Sanjay , MacLennan Gregory T.
Published: January 2019

Purpose To investigate the role of chronic inflammation in prostatic carcinogenesis with an emphasis on cancers of grade group 2 or above.
Methods The presence/absence and extent of chronic inflammation and other relevant
pathological findings were assessed using prostate needle biopsies obtained from patients with clinical parameters with suspicion of malignancy. In patients with no prior prostate cancer, follow-up biopsies were reviewed and correlated with the initial pathological findings.
Results Of 1,006 prostate needle biopsy cases accessioned over 3 years at our institution, the initial biopsies of 244 cases were identified with no evidence of prostate cancer. These cases were divided into two subsets, including 202 cases with and 42 without chronic inflammation.
Pathological findings assessed in this subset included post-atrophic hyperplasia, proliferative inflammatory atrophy, and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Post-atrophic hyperplasia and proliferative inflammatory atrophy were noted only in patients with chronic inflammation. HGPIN was identified in 22 of the initial biopsy cases, specifically in 21 (10.3%) cases with inflammation and one case (2.4%) without inflammation. In follow-up biopsies, 70 patients (34.7%) with chronic inflammation were found to have prostatic adenocarcinoma with Gleason pattern 3 + 3 (42.9%; grade group 1), Gleason pattern 3 + 4(24.3%; grade group 2), Gleason pattern 4 + 3 (10%; grade group 3) and Gleason scores of 8 or higher (22.8%; grade groups 4 or 5), whereas cancer was found in 10 patients (23.8%) without chronic inflammation in the initial biopsy. Patients whose initial biopsies were benign and without inflammation did not show evidence of high-grade cancer (Gleason score of 8 or higher). Closely encroaching inflammation was observed more frequently in cancers of grade
group 2 or above (76.5%, 13/17) compared with grade group 1 (50.0%, 3/6).
Conclusions Our findings provide additional data supporting a role for chronic inflammation in the development of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
SISTEM INFORMASI PEMBAYARAN KOMPONEN PENDIDIKAN BERBASIS WEBSITE PADA STMIK BUMIGORA MATARAM
Authors: Irfan Pahrul , Mardedi Lalu Zazuli Azhar
Published: January 2019

STMIK Bumigora is the first college in West Nusa Tenggara that has an informatics engineering department. One of the problems faced by STMIK Bumigora is the absence of an online payment information system. The payment process that runs at this time is a conventional model that is through bank transfers that previously had to take a payment slip to the finance department, this process is of course not effective and efficient because it takes not a little time. From these problems, it is necessary to develop applications that can help the process of paying for tuition costs online. The system is developed using the waterfall method where there are several processes, namely the need for analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. The results obtained from this study are an application for payment of the education cost component that can help students and institutions of higher education in the process of paying for education costs at STMIK Bumigora Mataram.
CFD Analysis of CO2 Sequestration Applying Different Absorbents Inside the Microporous PVDF Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor
Authors: Nakhjiri Ali Taghvaie , Heydarinasab Amir
Published: January 2019

The sequestration process of greenhouse contaminants such as CO2 via hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) is regarded as a promising technology to manage the deleterious impressions of CO2 on environment such as global warming and air pollution. This investigational paper renders a wide-ranging 2D simulation in order to assess the removal performance of CO2 from CO2/CH4 gaseous stream (containing 80 % CH4 and 20 % CO2) in the HFMC. As the novelty, the evaluation of CO2 acid gas removal from gaseous mixture applying four novel absorbing agents (potassium threonate (PT), piperazine (PZ), pure water (H2O) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)) is implemented in the HFMC with the aim of introducing a more efficient liquid absorbent for CO2 sequestration. Model validation is done based on the comparison of mathematical model outcomes and experimental data in a wide range of H2O velocity and confirms a desirable agreement with an average relative deviation (ARD) of approximately 3 % for CO2 flux. It is perceived from the results that PZ is introduced as the most efficient liquid absorbent for CO2 sequestration and MDEA, PT and H2O are in the next category (100 % removal using PZ > 96 % removal using MDEA > 89 % removal using PT > 57 % removal using H2O). The results corroborate that increase in membrane tortuosity and gas velocity negatively affects the sequestration process while increment of module length and porosity improve the separation of CO2.
Loneliness, Violence and Rebirth in Xialou Guo's Village of Stone and Dacia Maraini's The Silent Duchess
Authors: ALPAKIN MARTINEZ-CARO Dürrin
Published: January 2019

The Village ve The Silent Duchess adlı romanlar günümüz ve 18. yüzyıl erkek egemen toplumunda kadına uygulanan baskıyı ele almaktadır. Her iki romanın kahramanı da benzer deneyimlerden geçmekte ve romanlar da benzer şekilde sona ermektedir. Karamsar ve kasvetli başlayan romanlar sonunda geleceğe ümit ve iyimserlikle bakmaktadırlar. Bu çerçevede, bu çalışma kahramanların karşılaştıkları zorlukları ele almakta ve kendi iradelerini ortaya koydukları sürece kadınların zafere ulaşacaklarının kaçınılmaz olduğunu göstermektedir.
‘Biz De, Kendi Çapımızda Avrupayız’: Küreselleşme Işığında David Greig’in "Avrupa" Adlı Oyunu
Authors: ŞENLEN GÜVENÇ Sıla
Published: January 2019

Çağımızın en önemli ve tartışmalı konularından biri şüphesiz küreselleşmedir. Çok karmaşık bir kavram olan ‘küreselleşme’nin ekonomik, sosyal, siyasi, kültürel ve ideolojik etkileri –başta çevre, kültür, siyasi sistemler, ekonomik gelişim ve refah düzeyi olmak üzere– hayatımızın her alanını etkili olmaktadır. Özellikle son otuz yıldır yürürlüğe giren politikalar ve teknolojik gelişmelerden dolayı sınır ötesi ticaret, yatırım, taşımacılık ve gerçekleşen göçlerin boyutları o kadar büyüdü ki, yeni bir döneme girildiği şüphe götürmeyen bir gerçektir. Bu doğal olarak insanlar arasındaki mesafeleri kısaltmakta ve etkileşim noktalarını artırmaktadır. Küreselleşme, genel olarak David Greig’in oyunlarında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Oyunları, değişen ekonomi, küresel taşımacılık ve iletişim ağlarının genişlemesi sonucu -tren istasyonu, havalimanı terminali, bekleme salonları gibi- ‘transit’ mekânlarda farklı kültürlerden, farklı geçmişlere sahip insanları bir araya getirmektedir. Fakat söz konusu etkileşim sadece iş gezileri gibi olağan koşullar içinde değil, dünyanın sınırlarını değiştiren savaşlar veya zorunlu göç gibi zorlu koşullarda da gerçekleşmektedir. Bunlardan biri Greig’in 1994 yılında Traverse Theatre Edinburgh’da sahnelenen Europe (Avrupa) adlı oyunudur. Bu çalışmada, Avrupa adlı oyun küreselleşme ve Avrupa’da yirminci yüzyılın sonlarında gerçekleşen değişimler bakımından incelenmektedir.
Çağdaş Romana Deleuzyen Bir Bakış: Bazı Sorular
Authors: ANTAKYALIOĞLU Zekiye
Published: January 2019

Deleuze edebi eserlere, özellikle romanlara kavramsal olarak yaklaşır. Onun için gerçek edebiyat olma ölçütü, bir eserin metinselliğiyle veya tarihselliğiyle değil onun canlılığı, yaşamsal anlamıyla ilişkilidir. Ona göre sanat, felsefeden daha az düşünmez, sadece düşünceyi algılanım ve duygulanımlarla iletir. Her edebi eser bir yaşam tarzını, yaşama biçimini niteler ve bu yüzden sadece eleştirel olarak değil, klinik olarak da incelenmelidir. Bu anlamıyla edebiyat bir sağlık işidir. Yazın olarak, edebiyat olarak sağlık şu anda var olmayan insanları üretir. Edebiyatın da en önemli amacı tüm karmaşanın içinde sağlığın yaratımını, olmayan insanın üretimini, yeni yaşam olanaklarını özgür kılmaktır. Çağdaş roman, postmodern romandan farklı bir biçimde şekillenmektedir. Çağdaş romanın hassasiyetleri ve endişeleri yeni milenyuma göredir ve bir bakıma Deleuze’ün edebi görüşleriyle uyum içindedir. Deleuze’ü anlamak, bu noktada, çağdaş edebiyatta gördüğümüz tavır, hassasiyet, endişe ve ton değişimlerini araştırırken gerekli olabilir. Bu makale, çağdaş roman adını verdiğimiz eserlerin anlam ve işlevlerinin Deleuze’ün bakış açısıyla anlaşılıp anlaşılamayacağı, çağdaş romana Deleuzyen bir tavırla yaklaşılıp yaklaşılamayacağı ve bu deneyimin çağdaş romanı anlamlandırmada ne gibi katkıları olacağı üzerinedir.
Challenging Anthropocentrism: Saki’s Use of Animism in His “Sredni Vashtar”
Authors: BALCI Adem
Published: January 2019

Çok eski zamanlara dayanan yakın ilişkilerine rağmen, insanmerkezci yaklaşımın bir sonucu olarak insanlar her zaman hayvanları ötekileştirmiş ve kendi menfaatleri uğruna kullanmıştır. İnsan anlamına gelen Yunanca kelime anthropos’tan türetilmiş olan insanmerkezcilik (anthropocentrism), insan dışındaki varlıkların eyleyici özelliklerini inkâr ederek evrenin merkezinde gördüğü insanı ayrıcalıklı kılmaktadır. Fakat insanmerkezciliğin aksine, animist bir inanış ruhun ve eyleyiciliğin sadece insanlarda değil, hayvanlarda ve diğer varlıklarda da olduğunu kabul ederek bu varlıkların da içsel değerlerini takdir eder. Eserlerini genellikle Saki mahlası ile yazan Edward dönemi öykü yazarı Hector Hugh Munro (1870-1916), kendi zamanının insanmerkezci ideolojisine rağmen, bir çok eserinde bu yaklaşımı sorgulayarak hayvanlara yapılan zulme karşı hassasiyetini göstermektedir. Çocuk başkarakter Conradin’in hayvan tanrısına yüklediği bir takım animistik özellikler sayesinde hayvan ve insan arasındaki sınırları iyice belirsizleştirerek bu iki kavramı sorunsallaştırdığı “Sredni Vashtar” adlı öyküsünde Saki’nin animizm kullanarak insanmerkezciliğe meydan okuduğu görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışmanın amacı animistik bir görüşle yazdığı “Sredni Vashtar” öyküsünde Saki’nin kendi toplumunun gelenekleri ve baskın normlarının dışına çıkarak insanmerkezciliğe meydan okuyuşunu incelemektir.
Troçki Muhalefeti ve Komsomol’a Yansımaları
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Burcu
Published: January 2019

Lev Troçki, Bolşevik devriminin en önemli isimlerinden biriydi ve Lenin’in yerini almaya en güçlü adaydı. Ancak Lenin’in hastalığı sırasında başlayan iktidar mücadelesi onun ölümünden sonra giderek büyüdü ve Troçki cephesinin yenilgisiyle sonuçlandı. Bu dönemde onun en büyük destekçileri, bizzat kendisinin de ifade ettiği gibi; Bolşevik Partisi, Kızıl Ordu ve Komsomol teşkilatı içerisinde yer alıyordu. Bu çalışmada Troçki muhalefeti hakkında kısa bir bilgi verilecek, ardından muhalefet hareketinin Komsomol teşkilatına nasıl yansıdığı ele alınacaktır. Troçki cephesine mensup Komsomol üyelerinin ne gibi faaliyetlerde bulundukları, hangi gerekçelerle kovuşturmaya uğradıkları ve nasıl cezalar aldıkları arşiv belgelerindeki örnekler üzerinden yanıtlanmaya çalışılacaktır.
Türklerin İslâmiyete Geçiş Sürecinde Teŋri ve Allah Algıları
Authors: ERKOÇ Hayrettin İhsan
Published: January 2019

Türklerin İslâmiyete geçişleri ve bunun nedenleri konusunda farklı görüşler bulunmaktadır. Bu konuda öne sürülen görüşlerden birine göre, eski Türk inançları ile İslâmiyet arasında, özellikle de Teŋri ve Allah kavramlarında benzerlikler bulunması bu süreci hızlandırmıştır. Türklerin bu dönemdeki Teŋri algısı incelendiğinde, İslâm’daki Allah kavramıyla aralarında bazı benzerlikler olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak İslâm’daki katı Allah inancının tersine, Türklerin Teŋri algıları daha esnek olmuştur. Nitekim eski Türk inançları, İslâm’dan ve onun Allah kavramından benzerliklerin yanı sıra epey farklılıklar da göstermektedir. İki inanç arasındaki benzerlikler Türklerin İslâm’a geçişlerini belki kolaylaştırmış olsa da bu olayı zorlaştıran inançlar da var olmuştur. Türklerin Müslüman olmalarının pek çok farklı nedeninin bulunduğu da unutulmamalıdır. Çalışmamızda, dönemin kaynakları kullanılarak Türklerin İslâmiyete geçiş sürecindeki Teŋri algıları ile İslâm’daki Allah kavramı karşılaştırılmış, benzerlikler ve farklılıklar ortaya konulmuştur.
Türkiye’de Yapılan Homofobi Çalışmalarına Genel Bir Bakış
Authors: METİN ORTA İrem , METİN CAMGÖZ Selin
Published: January 2019

Eşcinsel bireyler, toplumda önyargı ve ayrımcılıkla karşı karşıya kalmaktadırlar. Bu türden olumsuz tutum ve davranışları tanımlamak amacıyla araştırmacılar homofobi kavramını ortaya koymuştur. Homofobi, toplumun her alanını ilgilendiren ve farklı disiplinler tarafından çalışılması gereken önemli bir konudur. Özellikle, örneklemleri Türkiye’den seçilen homofobi çalışmalarının sayısı son yıllardabelirgin bir artış göstermiştir. Ancak, bu çalışmalar farklı disiplinler tarafından yürütülmekte, yöntem, örneklem, ölçüm araçları ve analiz türleri bakımından pek çok farklılık göstermektedir. Dolayısıyla, bu çalışmanın amacı, homofobi üzerine yapılmış olan, Türkiye örneklemli görgül, kuramsal ve derleme türündeki bilimsel makaleleri bir araya getirmek ve bulguları özetleyerek sistematik bir şekilde ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, ulusal ve uluslararası bilimsel dergide yayınlanan 35 adet makale çalışmaya dâhil edilmiş ve temel bulgular özetlenerek okuyucuya sunulmuştur. Bu çalışmalar: a) Eşcinselliğe ve eşcinsellere yönelik tutumları ve bunlarla ilişkili olan sosyal psikolojik değişkenleri ele alan çalışmalar, b) eşcinselliğe ilişkin tutumların ölçülmesi amacıyla ölçeklerin geliştirildiği veya Türkçe’ye uyarlandığı çalışmalar, c) eşcinsellerin/LGBT bireylerin nasıl algılandıkları ve onlara ilişkin kalıpyargıları ele alan çalışmalar, d) eşcinsel/LGBT bireylerin sosyal ve bireysel alanda karşılaştıkları sorunları ve bunların sosyal ve psikolojik sonuçlarını ele alan çalışmalar ve son olarak e)eşcinsellere ilişkin tutumların değişip değişmediğine odaklanan çalışmalar şeklinde gruplandırılabilir. Bu derleme, alan yazınına, eksik olan noktaların tespit edilmesi ve gelecek çalışmalarda ele alınabilecek konulara yol göstermesi bakımından katkı sağlamaktadır.