bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical Abuse, Neglect and Academic Achievement of Primary School Pupils
Authors: Ifeyinwa O. Ezenwaji , Ncheta Okwun Ethel
Published: March 2020

The study focused on child abuse and neglect on pupils’ academic achievement in primary schools. The ex-post facto design was adopted. Out of the four forms of child abuse, two were identified for the study, physical abuse and neglect. Four research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study consist of 3125 primary five (5) pupils. 312 primary five (5) pupils were selected as sample from thirteen primary schools from the population using simple random sampling technique. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The result revealed that physical abuse and child neglect influence pupils’ academic achievement. Based on the findings, it was recommended that parents and guardians should see beating, hitting, slapping, punching among others as physical abuse and should desist from using them as means of correcting children under their care. Rather advice and state the implication of any negative behaviour a child wears to correcting them whenever they derail from adult expectations on such children and also make home a peaceful place for their children, love, protect and care for them. The study concluded that if child abuse and neglect are reduced to its beeriest minimum, pupils’ academic achievement in primary schools would be enhanced towards development of other levels of education for national development.
Contextual Change in Nigerian Sculpture
Authors: Oladugbagbe Francis Ebunola Allan , Akintonde Moses Akintunde
Published: March 2020

In the past fifty years Nigeria has witnessed an almost unparalleled upsurge in three-dimensional art production significantly, sculpture in the round. The emergence of the latter can be traced to pioneer African sculptures whose pieces have been adjudged contribution to world artistic heritage. This paper, therefore, examines the continuity and change in sculpture practice as a result of contact with Western cultures and the artistic influence in form, style, theme and material of contemporary sculpture in Nigeria. Significantly, this paper hopefully serves as reference point for future scholarship on sculpture in Africa, while at the same time assist in formulating critical theories on sculpture practice in contemporary Africa, and Nigeria in particular.
Knowledge and Attitudes about HIV/AIDS among the Slum Dwellers in Dhaka City
Authors: Basher Abul Khair , Tania Fatema
Published: March 2020

HIV/AIDS is found commonly among sexually active young adults, many of whom may live in slum. This group may serve as the gateway for HIV transmission to the general population because of their vulnerable lifestyle, and lack of information about the disease and its prevention. Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of 116 slum dweller was carried out in a selected slum area. Among them highest age group is 43.10% (26-35) and the Mean age of population is 26.5 SD ±5.34. (43.10%) of the respondents are male and were (56.90%) of the respondents are female.  The large numbers of the respondents (43.10%) cannot read and write, 34.48% people have primary education. Most of the respondents (39.67%) income level is (2000-5000) and Median income is 8500 SD±4514.9. Table shows that 83.62% were married, 72.41% respondents live in the nuclear family and 56.9% respondents have family member of 2-4 persons. Large numbers (32.76%) of the respondents are working as house maid. 87.93% of the respondents heard the name of HIV/AIDS and the source of information was Media (Radio, TV, newspaper.). Majority (60.34%) respondents thought that HIV/AIDS is a disease but 10.34% seems that it is a curse of God. Out of total respondents 66 thought that unsafe physical relation is the foremost source of infection and about prevention 46.55% respondents told that protected sexual measure can prevent the disease. Majority (64.66%) of the respondents don’t know signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS but rest of them thought that Rapid weight loss, Dry cough for more than 2/3 months, Recurring fever for more than 2/3 months and Diarrhea lasting more than a week are the symptom of HIV/AIDS. Most (41.38%)   of the respondents told that HIV/AIDS cured by treatment and 89.66% respondents thought that the patients should not isolated from family. Their knowledge level is seems too reduced.
A Study on Using Contraception in Dhaka City: A Scenario from Slum Area
Authors: Kabir Md. Awal , Islam Monirul , Bapari Md. Yahia
Published: March 2020

Family planning programs are still considered to be an important way to control the rapid population growth of Bangladesh. In this context, a study has conducted to unveil the scenario of using contraception in slum area of Dhaka City. Sample survey has used as a main method of research in this study. The study found that the slum women are using different types of contraceptive like as pill, IUD, injection, condom, etc. As a result of these uses they also suffered different types of problems including weakness, increasing weight, vomiting, menstrual problems, etc. In this study, it also found that anemia, urine problem, labor pain are common problems faced by women during pregnancy. In this regard, malnutrition problems also compounded this situation. It is remarkable that hospital, clinic and huts are the place of birth of their children. Radio, television, newspaper and other mass media should come forward to encourage male participation and responsibility in contraceptive method choice. Appropriate policy should develop by considering the related factors to increase contraceptive knowledge among grass root level of Bangladesh.
Action Research in English for Specific Purposes: English Language for the Medical Students in Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Liza
Published: March 2020

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has flourished to meet the growing demand of the academic and professional learners.  Since the tertiary level of education is the concern, ESP can be a way out to teach English as a second or foreign language. At the end of primary, secondary and higher-secondary level of English language education, a learner is expected to have a good command of the four skills of English language.  Even though, if one fails to have the proficiency, s/he needs intensive teaching. ESP has very thoughtful and research-oriented arrangement for language teaching by needs analysis, formulation of goals and objectives, specific syllabus design, appropriate material development, effective teaching, and accurate evaluation.

In ESP, the practitioner, who is a needs analyst, is also a setter of goals and objectives, a syllabus designer, a material developer and a teacher as well as an evaluator.  For this reason, there lies no gap among the steps of a whole project of language teaching. ESP learners are mature and more enthusiastic. In ESP, syllabus design depends on the analysis of the language used in the target area of learners. Sometimes, the syllabus designers consider the learners’ opinions.  Teaching materials are collected from the area of job or study of the learners. Interests, target and levels of previous knowledge of the ESP learners usually vary. Thus, for an individual group, a tailor-made ESP course is, therefore, suitable. The goal of the present action research is to design an English language course for the medical students.

In my professional life, I used to teach English language to the medical students. Since I taught them with general English language materials, I observed a gap between their target area and English language. “They cannot relate their achieved language knowledge to the medical context. For example, in a class, when they are asked to solve some exercises of active and passive voices, they can solve properly. But when they define terms like hypertension, or nervous system, they confidently use called/ call/ calls instead of is/ are called. Medical students are really motivated by their subject specific texts. It is my assumption that, specific English language course can solve the problem by bridging the gap between their knowledge and their proficiency language.” (Sharmin, L.  -2011). On the basis of the information of data, collected from one preset questionnaire, I have analyzed needs and formulated an ESP course obtaining vocabulary, topic and examples from medical context. I found the classes more effective and interesting with these special materials. I have collected another set of data. I compared the data and found the results very optimistic.
A Study on Democracy Metaphors in Moroccan King Mohammed VI Inaugural Speeches
Authors: Youssef Charbati
Published: March 2020

This study analyzes democracy metaphors used in Mohammed VIs' speeches at the opening of the parliamentary session from 2003 until 2014. Mohammed VI has ruled Morocco since 1999. Many studies have uncovered the role of metaphors as influential devices used in politics. However, in the Moroccan context, studies related to metaphors and politics have received little attention so far. Politicians encounter challenges as they address their audience such as the need to convince them of their views, to gain the trust of their analysis and to give psychological realities to their abstract concepts.

The Moroccan monarchy has ruled Morocco for centuries. More than three hundred and fifty years of monarchy rule has marked the history of Moroccan society. The monarchy was able to adapt to the sociopolitical changes that the Moroccan society has known. This rule was the work of multiple factors and strategies that the monarchy has followed. One of them is the use of metaphors as a communication strategy.

The aim of this paper is to reveal the contribution of metaphors to the Moroccan political debate mainly by studying the king’s speeches addressed to the Moroccan nation. This research strives to uncover part of the Moroccan king’s strategy to win the hearts and minds of the moroccan people. This study provides an insight into the communication strategies used by the head of state of one of the third world regimes facing democracy transition and encountering political and economic challenges. They are based mainly on the use of the metaphor to interpret realities and design future roadmaps.
Three-Phase to Single-Phase Generation System Based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator
Authors: Rocha Filipe V. , Rocha Nady , Melo Victor F. M. B. , Da Silva Edison R. C. , Jacobina Cursino B.
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a three-phase to singlephase six-leg converter for a wind energy conversion system based on Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). The converter is composed of six legs and is divided in three parts: the grid-side converter (GSC), which is responsible for power factor and DC-link voltage controls, the stator-side converter (SSC), which guarantees the control of the stator voltage, and the rotor-side converter (RSC), which is responsible for vector control of the generator. One of the converter’s legs is shared by gridside and stator-side converters. The main advantages of the proposed configuration compared to other topologies presented in the literature are providing balanced threephase voltages to the DFIG, simple control system and not having any limitation with respect to synchronization between grid and stator voltages and DC-link voltage. The system model, pulse-width modulation (PWM) and control strategies are discussed and simulation and experimental results are presented in order to prove the feasibility of the system.
In Front of the Mirror of Social Expectations: Experiences of Women Until They Are Given a Diagnosis of Infertility
Authors: Walentynowicz-Moryl Katarzyna
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article is to overview women’s experiences in view of social expectations about having children. Such expectations are frequently implied in questions about procreation plans. Since the procreative experience was considered by the author as a process, it was possible to reconstruct changes in the meaning that the researched women ascribed to such questions at different stages of this experience, i.e. from the period prior to trying for a child, through the initial stage of trying to conceive, to the diagnostic stage until being given a diagnosis of infertility. At the stage prior to trying for a child, standing in front of the mirror of social expectations, the women saw themselves in the role of future mothers. At the initial stage of trying to conceive, seeing themselves in the mirror, the interviewed women saw themselves as pregnant women in near future. At the diagnostic stage until being given a diagnosis of infertility, the women saw only their uncertain future, i.e. themselves who wanted to have children very much, but were no longer certain whether they would become mothers.
Variability Studies on Yield, Drought Tolerant and Mechanical Harvestable Traits in Genotypes of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Madhuri R. Divya , Jayalakshmi V. , Priya M. Shanthi
Published: March 2020

In the current study, a partial sequence of 536 bp (approx) of COI gene for seven species belonging to family Sphingidae were analysed. The study was conducted on a collection of moths from northern India, mainly in the states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Punjab. The sequences have been added to the database at GenBank NCBI. The analysis showed mean K2P divergence of 0.59% at intraspecific level, 6.3% at interspecific and 12.2% at intergeneric level. The analysis showed a hierarchal increase in K2P mean divergence across different taxonomic levels giving an intraspecific range of 0.0% to 3.6%, interspecific range of 5.8% to 9.3% and intergeneric range of 8.6% to 13.8%.
Appraisal of Seed Priming with Liquid Microbial Inoculants on Growth and Yield Attributes of Forage Cowpea
Authors: Ramya S. . , Pandove Gulab . , Kalia Anu . , Kaur Sukhdeep . , Oberoi Harpreet . , Yadav Brijesh Kumar , Mart Durdane . , Can Canan .
Published: March 2020

Inadequate and nutritionally unbalanced supply of forage results in low productivity of livestock. There is an urgent need of burgeoning forage supply by amalgamating organic and inorganic components in integrated manner.Thereupon, the present investigation was carried out to evaluate the potential of liquid microbial inoculants on growth and yield of forage cowpea.The field experiments were conducted during kharif season (2018) at Punjab Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Bathinda and Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with a total of eleven treatment combinations of liquid microbial inoculants (Burkholderia seminalis, Burkholderia sp. and Bradyrhizobium sp.) with 75% and 100% RDF and replicated thrice. Results indicated that the treatment T10 (75% RDF + Burkholderia sp. + Burkholderia seminalis) significantly p less then0.05 enhanced vine length (210.47 and 205.33 cm), leaf length (11.77 and 11.53), leaf breadth (8.97 and 9.14 cm) and dry matter yield (40.13 and 38.18 q/ha) at Ludhiana and Bathinda respectively. Moreover, the percentage increase in green fodder yield (q/ha) with T10 treatment over T1 (control) was 13.21% at Ludhiana and 12.50% at Bathinda. Accordingly, it can be concluded that liquid microbial inoculants could play a predominant role in integrated nutrient management of forage cowpea for enhanced productivity.
Effect of Seed Invigouration on Yield Enhancement in Grain Cowpea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
Authors: Raj Anju B , Raj Sheeja K , Prathapan K . , Radhakrishnan N. V , Swadija O. Kumari
Published: March 2020

Field experiment was conducted at Coconut Research Station, Balaramapuram with an objective to assess the effect of seed invigouration with zinc sulphate and borax on grain cowpea and to evaluate its effect along with Trichoderma viride on field emergence, growth, yield attributes and yield of the crop. Field emergence percentage was significantly influenced by seed invigouration and an enhancement in the germination percentage of 20.54 to 27.79 was observed compared to control. Seed priming with ZnSO4 @ 0.05 % for 4h recorded higher values of the growth attributes viz., green leaves per plant, branches per plant and dry matter production per plant. Yield attributes viz., pods per plant, pod weight per plant, pod length, pod girth and seed yield ha-1 were recorded the highest in seeds primed in ZnSO4 @ 0.05% for 4 h. Net returns and B: C ratio were also found to be the highest in the treatment, seed priming with ZnSO4@ 0.05 % for 4 h. Hence it can be concluded that, seed priming with ZnSO4 0.05% for 4 h can be recommended for better plant establishment, higher seed yield and net returns in grain cowpea.
The Response of Vigna radiata to Various Sources of Fertilizers in Vellore District
Authors: Indrapriyadharshin S. , Karthikeyan S.
Published: March 2020

In the current global scenario, farmers face a considerable challenge in maintaining a balance between sustainable agriculture and good yield. A field experiment was undertaken at Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore district to examine the performance of various sources fertilizers on Vigna radiata. A new combination of plant growth stimulating bacterial consortium was compared with exsting organic and inorganic fertilizer. The outcome of the study showed that the grain yield and root nodules production was significantly increased by the effect of microbial consortia with maintaining the soil pH. In the present study, we report the enhanced soil organic carbon (SOC) and flowering initiation by the application of farmyard manure (FYM), bio-fertilizer (Rhizobium) and panchagavya. Moreover inorganic fertilizer did not show any positive improvements for the present soil condition. The outcome of the study suggested the imperative role of organic and biofertilizer which improved the crop yield production than the other inorganic fertilizers.
THE IDENTIFICATION OF «NEW» PATHOGENS FOR FOCAL INFECTIONS IN IXODES TICKS ON THE TERRITORY OF TULA REGION
Authors: Kozlova T. V. , Khomyakova T. I. , Dedkov V. G. , Safonova M. V. , Karan L. S. , Grigoryev Y. E. , Kozlov V. V. , Lopatin A. A. , Ivanova S. M. , Khomyakov Yu. N.
Published: March 2020

The most of ixodes ticks in Tula region belongs to the group of pasture mites. It is generally accepted to estimate the tick’s contamination by the tick-borne encephalitis virus and raoueti inducing Lyme Borellia. The aim of the present work was to educe the aetiologic agents of the set of potentially-enable infections out of ticks Dermacentor reticulatus, Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes сrenulatus collected at the different terrains of Tula Region by PCR method. The results: a considerable number of pathogenic rickettsiae R. raoultii was educes from the ticks D. reticulatus, which including them as the component of mixed infection together with the human monocytic ehrlichiosis agent. R. raoultii was determined in more than a half of the cases in ticks I. ricinus including the mixed infection together with ticks’ borreliosis virus and Kemerovo fever agent. Conclusion. The reasons, induced the quantity changes of the ticks’ distribution at Tula Region terrains, apparently promote the rise in frequency of the ticks contamination with the agents of herd tick-transmissive infection. It demand an infectiologist’s attention rise and dictate the necessity of the above mentioned diseases monitoring as well as Fr. tularensis, the tick-borne encephalitis virus and Lyme disease.
HIV INFECTION AMONG PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS IN MOSCOW
Authors: Sinitsyn Mikhail Valerevich , Borisov S. E. , Belilovskiy E. M. , Bogorodskaya E. M.
Published: March 2020

The study is devoted to the evaluation of the impact of the spread of HIV infection on the epidemiological indicators of tuberculosis in a megacity. Based on information from the registers of the tuberculosis monitoring system in Moscow for 2014-2015. A comparative analysis of indicators for patients with tuberculosis was conducted with the presence and absence of co-infected HIV infection. The results showed that among patients with tuberculosis combined with HIV infection, patients from the city’s permanent population, from the age group of 31-40 years old, non-working, injecting drug users are much more likely than other TB patients. The number of tuberculosis patients who died of HIV infection, in comparison with the number of patients who died from tuberculosis, accounted for more than a third of the total number of tuberculosis-related deaths. Thus, when assessing the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis, it is necessary to take into account the significant contribution of HIV infection to the values of the main indicators and their dynamics.
DISORDERS OF THE NERVOUS AND CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS AT THE STAGE OF PERSISTENT INFECTION (ORGANIC LESIONS)
Authors: Nafeev Aleksandr A. , Kozlova T. G. , Kotkova G. P. , Tamarova L. N. , Nikonov M. E.
Published: March 2020

The authors give a description of the established case of Ixodes tick borreliosis (ITB) in the boy of 5 years associated with disorders of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems due to the delayed diagnosis. The peculiarity of this case was the presence of the initial neurological deficit
International competitiveness and science policy. Review of the book “Competitive Advantage of Nations” by M. Porter
Authors: Erkina Daria S.
Published: March 2020

The article analyzes the contents of the monograph by M. Porter “Competitive Advantage of Nations” in the context of scientific and technological policy. A brief review of the main arguments of the author is given, and the most significant aspects of his theory of
international competition are highlighted. The chapter in which the author analyzes the role of the government in increasing the international competitiveness of the state is considered with particular attention. The general conclusions of the monograph used to emphasize the importance of a flexible, long-term oriented science and technology policy. It is emphasized that the paradigm of international competition proposed by the author implies highlighting science policy as a special area of government activity if the goal is to achieve a high level of competitiveness on the world stage. In this regard, special attention is given to the study of issues related to the multifactorial, strategic orientation of the policy in the field of science and technology, which should be focused on the long term, and not just on solving current market problems.
The reform of the RAS 2013 and its consequences for regional scientific centers (on the example of the Siberian Branch of the RAS)
Authors: Kupershtokh Natalia A.
Published: March 2020

The reform of the RAS 2013 interrupted the long-term strategy of the Russian Academy of Sciences for the consistent development of regional scientific potential. The essence of this strategy was to gradually build up “scientific” forces in the field and to organize them first in branches and then in scientific centers of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR / RAS. Regional scientific complexes have come a long way in their formation: from single laboratories and stations at the beginning of the 20th century to interdisciplinary scientific and educational complexes of the XXI century. The regional scientific centers of the Russian Academy of Sciences have proven their effectiveness as centers that coordinate and manage the activities of scientists both vertically and horizontally. The article shows the history of the formation of a system of scientific centers, coordination and management of scientific research in the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1957. On the eve of the 2013 reform, the SB RAS represented a system of nine research centers located in Western and Eastern Siberia. The results of the policy of optimization of scientific potential, and, in fact, “collapse” of a number of scientific centers of the SB RAS, are analyzed. This policy was pursued by the Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations (FANO) in 2013–2018 and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in 2018–2019.
A retrospective survey of care provided to patients with borderline personality disorder admitted to a female psychiatric intensive care unit
Authors: Gintalaite-Bieliauskiene Kristina , Dixon Robert , Bennett Laura
Published: March 2020

Aims: To survey the characteristics and care pathway of patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) admitted to Elizabeth Casson House female PICU over a four year period. To describe the nature of admissions, survey the treatment given, review discharge
planning and explore the financial implications of this care. Method: A retrospective descriptive survey of patient records with reference to the standards of care set out by NICE (The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence). Results: Almost a quarter (n = 34, 24%)
of patients admitted had a diagnosis of BPD and all had previous contact with mental health services and a complex range of needs. The most common reason for admission in this study was risk of self-harm (n = 34, 74%) and self-harm occurred during the majority of admissions (n = 26, 57%).
Intramuscular rapid tranquilisation was used in over a third of admissions (n = 17, 37%). Around a quarter of patients accessed psychological therapies during their admission (n = 8, 28%). The estimated costs associated with these admissions was in excess of a million pounds. Conclusion:
This survey suggests striking differences between male and female PICU patients and highlights the challenges of providing evidence based treatment for patients with BPD in a PICU. NICE guidelines recommend the formation of specialist multidisciplinary personality disorder teams which can
contribute to reducing episodes of crisis and periods of hospitalisation. The findings of this survey make both a financial and clinical case for this approach to care.
The results of quantitative evaluation of postradiation changes in lung cancer patients, which were obtained using a new procedure for analysis of dynamic X-ray computed tomography imaging of thoracic organs
Authors: Ledenev V. V. , Nudnov N. V. , Sotnikov V. M. , Baryshnikova D. V.
Published: March 2020

Objective: to reveal a relationship of lung changes to time after radiotherapy (RT), its dose, and irradiated volume, by using a new procedure to quantitatively evaluate lung tissue density changes according to the data of dynamic X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) imaging.

Subjects and methods. Data on 29 cancer patients who had received RT to the chest area using 3D planning, 2-5-Gy fractions, and a total focal RT dose of 16 to 84 Gy in the lung tissue were retrospectively selected. Each patient underwent at least two X-ray CT studies (before and after RT); a total of 83 studies were analyzed. The new diagnostic procedure developed by the authors was used to quantitatively analyze lung tissue density changes in the areas with a selected dose range.

Results. On days 1 to 15-30 after completion of RT, the quantitative analysis revealed no significant density changes. On days 70-80, there was an increase in changes that were different from those in the nonirradiated areas. On 80 to 100-120 days, there was a decline of radiation reactions with preserved changes in the areas irradiated at a dose of 19-20 Gy. From 120 days onwards, the changes were preserved in the areas irradiated at a dose of over 32-37 Gy through the formation of post-radiation pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, eight (27.6%) patients treated with less than 20 Gy were detected to have changes associated with the initial density values, which can be regarded as an increased individual radiosensitivity.

Conclusion. The time course of a quantitative change in the median lung tissue density in the areas irradiated at different doses allows radiation-induced lung injury to be detected at X-ray CT until the visual signs of pneumonitis appear. A continuous, quantitative scale of changes will assist in more reliably and accurately studying post-radiation changes at a later time, and the time course of spaciotemporal changes will be able to compare and quantify lung injury when exploring new treatment methods and policies.
COMMUNITY RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION STRATEGY OF FLOOD DISASTERS IN TRUCUK DISTRICT, BOJONEGORO REGENCY
Authors: Wijagsono Ony , Muryani Chatarina , Prihadi Singgih
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine (1) the level of community resilience to flooding in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency in 2018; (2) community adaptation strategies to flood disasters in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency in 2018; and (3) efforts to improve resilience and adaptation to flood disasters.

The population in this study were all villages in Trucuk District, Bojonegoro Regency. The sample used was flood-affected communities in each village by purposive sampling technique. Data collection techniques using survey methods. Data collection was carried out by questionnaire and interview. Data analysis uses scorring techniques.

The results of the study are as follows. (1) Resilience of the Trucuk Subdistrict community against flooding has moderate resilience (52.86 - 62.38) and high resilience (65.89 - 75.13). the distribution of resilience is moderate namely there are 6 villages consisting of the village of Kandangan, Sumbang cucumber, Kanten, Pagerwesi, Padang, and Guyangan. For high resilience there are 6 villages consisting of Sumberjo, Mori, Tulungrejo, Trucuk, Sranak, and Banjarsari villages. (2) Adaptation strategies undertaken by the Trucuk District community in dealing with floods are physical and non-physical adaptations. The physical adaptation carried out by the community and the government is to improve physical conditions, such as elevating houses, repairing irrigation networks, building dams, and building embankments along rivers. Non-physical adaptation carried out by the community and the government is the existence of an early warning system in detecting the danger of flooding and community preparedness in dealing with floods, such as mutual cooperation and mutual assistance in all matters before and after the flood. (3) efforts to improve resilience and adaptation to flood disasters.
Special Issue on Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program
Authors: Tanioka Yuichiro , Yoshida Shingo , Ohminato Takao , Kato Aitaro , Kamaya Noriko
Published: March 2020

The Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program (2014–2018) carried out comprehensive research to mitigate disasters related to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The program selected multidisciplinary research in which earth scientists who study the processes of earthquake generation and volcanic eruptions, historians, archaeologists, human and social scientists, and engineers were all involved. The program aimed to collect pre-instrumental and pre-historical earthquake and volcanic data to understand earthquake and volcano disasters, to find risk evaluation techniques, and to evaluate disaster response and preparedness. Active collaborations between researchers from different science fields inspired new ideas and have driven various research in the program. New findings from the program have also created international collaborations and recognitions. Most of the results and new findings in the program have already been published in various internationally recognized journals and have greatly influenced scientific communities.

We believe that it is important to compile our findings from the last five years of the program and to publish the essence of our findings and published papers in this special issue. We hope that this special issue will be of value to researchers who are interested in multidisciplinary studies of mitigation of disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and related phenomena.
Five-Year Achievements of Volcano Program Promotion Panel
Authors: Ohkura Takahiro , Nogami Kenji ,   Aso Volcanological Laboratory, Institute for Geothermal Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University 3028 Ichinomiyamachisakanashi, Aso, Kumamoto 869-2611, Japan,   Volcanic Fluid Research Center, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Gunma, Japan
Published: March 2020

To mitigate a volcanic eruption disaster, it is important to forecast the transition of the disaster, which depends on the stage of the volcanic phenomena, in addition to forecasting the site, scale, and time of the volcanic activities. To make such forecasts, it is critical to elucidate the evolution of volcanic activity. Accordingly, the Volcano Program Promotion Panel has set the prioritized target as “to forecast volcanic eruption as a cause of disaster by clarifying the branching conditions and theories of volcanic activity and improving volcanic event tree.” The panel promoted a five-year study on the elucidation of volcanic phenomena, including low-frequency and large-scale ones, status of volcanic eruption fields, volcanic eruption modeling, observation method development, and observation system improvement. In this paper, an outline of the main results of this five-year study is presented.
Research for Contributing to the Field of Disaster Science: A Review
Authors: Kimura Reo , Miyake Hiroe , Tamura Keiko , Kato Naoyuki , Morita Yuichi , Iguchi Masato , Tanioka Yuichiro , Koketsu Kazuki , Kuroda Yoshihiko , Oshima Hiromitsu , Satake Kenji ,   School and Graduate School of Human Science and Environment, University of Hyogo 1-1-12 Shinzaike-honcho, Himeji, Hyogo 670-0092, Japan,   Interfaculty Initiative in Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Risk Management Office, Headquarters for Risk Management, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, Kagoshima, Japan,   Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan,   School of Culture-Information Studies, Sugiyama Jogakuen University, Aichi, Japan
Published: March 2020

In order to contribute to the field of disaster science, various research in Japan currently focus on the clarification of the phenomenon called “disaster.” Due to society’s demand for disaster prevention and disaster mitigation, these researches are carried out through collaboration among researchers in science, engineering, humanities, social sciences, etc. These research outcomes are aimed at the following: verification of disaster cases of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; clarification of the disaster occurrence mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; sophistication of information for disaster mitigation of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions; and development of researchers, engineers, and human resources involved in disaster prevention operations and disaster prevention responses. This article puts these research outcomes together from four points of view: 1) research on earthquakes and volcanic eruptions disaster cases, 2) clarification of disaster occurrence mechanisms of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, 3) sophistication of information for disaster mitigation of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and 4) development of researchers, engineers, and human resources involved in disaster prevention operations and disaster prevention responses.
Integrated Study on Forecasting Volcanic Hazards of Sakurajima Volcano, Japan
Authors: Iguchi Masato ,   Sakurajima Volcano Research Center, Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University 1722-19 Sakurajima-Yokoyama, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 891-1419, Japan, Nakamichi Haruhisa , Tameguri Takeshi
Published: March 2020

Several types of eruptions have occurred at Sakurajima volcano in the past 100 years. The eruption in 1914 was of a Plinian type followed by an effusion of lava. The progression of seismicity of volcanic earthquakes prior to the eruption is reexamined and seismic energy is estimated to be an order of 1014 J. Lava also effused from the Showa crater in 1946. Since 1955, eruptions frequently have occurred at the Minamidake or Showa craters at the summit area. Vulcanian eruptions are a well-known type of summit eruption of Sakurajima, however Strombolian type eruptions and continuous ash emissions have also occurred at the Minamidake crater. The occurrence rate of pyroclastic flows significantly increased during the eruptivity of Showa crater, with the occurrence of lava fountains. Tilt and strain observations are reliable tools to forecast the eruptions, and their combination with the seismicity of volcanic earthquakes is applicable to forecasting the occurrence of pyroclastic flows. An empirical event branch logic based on magma intrusion rate is proposed to forecast the scale and type of eruption. Forecasting the scale of an eruption and real-time estimations of the discharge rate of volcanic ash allows us to assess ash fall deposition around the volcano. Volcanic ash estimation is confirmed by an integrated monitoring system of X Band Multi-Parameter radars, lidar and the Global Navigation Satellite System to detect volcanic ash particles with different wave lengths. Evaluation of the imminence of eruptions and forecasting of their scale are used for the improvement of planning and drilling of volcanic disaster measures.
Development of Automatic Analysis and Data Visualization System for Volcano Muography
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. ,   The University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
Published: March 2020

Technological developments in muography have evolved since the first volcano was imaged with muography in 2007. In order to improve the muography technique as a more useful aid to volcano studies, there is a need for the time required to show the resultant images to be shortened. To expedite this process, an automatic real-time visualization system was developed and tested. In conjunction with future scaled-up detectors that will collect muons faster, this visualization system can also offer more practical and efficient tools for volcano muography.
A Novel Technique in Treatment of Calcaneocuboid Dislocation with Bifurcate Ligament Reconstruction Using a Semitendinosus Allograft
Authors: Abyar Eildar , Cone Brent , McKissack Haley , Johnson Michael
Published: March 2020

Case:

A 19-year-old woman sustained a plantar flexion–inversion injury to her right ankle after a low-speed motor vehicle collision. Clinical examination demonstrated supinated, adducted deformity of the foot, and prominent calcaneus laterally. Radiographs revealed dislocation of the calcaneocuboid joint, a rare injury, which was successfully stabilized by a novel technique using a hamstring allograft. The presentations and clinical and surgical management of this rare condition are discussed.

Conclusion:

We present a technique that has shown good long-term results in a young patient with recurrent calcaneocuboid joint dislocations. Our novel ligament reconstruction technique using a semitendinosus allograft seems to be a promising treatment option in young patients with unstable calcaneocuboid joints.
Nonhardware Subchondral Transosseous Cerclage for Displaced Comminuted Patella Fracture Repair
Authors: Ghobrial Philip G. , Chudik Steven C.
Published: March 2020

Case:

We report a case of a 62-year-old woman who presented to our clinic with a displaced transverse comminuted patella fracture. The fracture was repaired using a subchondral transosseous suture cerclage technique which uses the dense subchondral bone to obtain an initial anatomic reduction of the articular surface, contain the comminution, and achieve union while avoiding complications associated with traditional hardware.

Conclusion:

This case illustrates the potential for the broader implementation of subchondral transosseous cerclage suture fixation techniques for patellar fractures.
Making a Difference: Reflections on Knowledge Mobilization in Provincial Rural Policy
Authors: Weeden Ashleigh
Published: March 2020

Governments across Canada struggle to develop and implement robust, flexible, and effective rural policies and programs to meet the ever-changing contexts of rural communities. Critical to understanding how policymakers are addressing this challenge as they design, implement and/or evaluate rural policy and programming is examining if and how they use research evidence – and what kind of evidence – they use to inform this process. This presentation will highlight findings from interviews conducted with policy makers across Canada, which investigated knowledge mobilization processes and relationships between academic research and the public policy process for rural policy decision makers. This research offers insights into improving rural development public policy in Ontario by providing critical information about current challenges to and opportunities for more effective knowledge mobilization in designing, implementing, and evaluating successful rural development policies and programs.
Rural 2.0?: Investigating Place-Based Rural Innovation Systems & their Implications for Public Policy & Community Development Practice
Authors: Weeden Ashleigh
Published: March 2020

We live in an era obsessed with innovation. So much so that in 2016, the Government of Canadabegan work on a new national‘Innovation Agenda’ with the following proposition: “Innovationis a Canadian value. It’s in our nature, and now more than ever, it will create jobs, drive growthand improve the lives of all Canadians. It’s how we make our living, compete and providesolutions to the world. We have the talent, the drive, the dedication and the opportunity tosucceed. So, what’s next?” However, as every public consultation on the Innovation Agenda tookplace in a major city and produced initiatives with names like ‘the Smart Cities Challenge,’ itseems like ‘what’s next’ is a national innovation conversation so steeped in unquestioned urbanism that it fails to even acknowledge, let alone include, rural Canadians. This doctoralresearch project will use a comparative case study approach to investigate the complexrelationships at play in place-based rural innovation systems and provide grounded, illustrativenarratives for informing public policy.
Controlling Pathogens and Chemical Contaminants in Greenhouse Irrigation Water through Electrochemical Processes
Authors: Serge Levesque
Published: March 2020

The capture and re-use of greenhouse irrigation/fertigation water is an efficient use of ever more limited water resources.  Although, when capturing and re-applying fertigation solutions there is a greater risk for both pathogen proliferation and chemical contaminant accumulation, both of which can lead to reduced productivity and, in more severe cases, crop loss.  In order to avoid these obstacles, it is important that grower’s employ some form of water treatment.  Electrochemical disinfection can be used to treat irrigation water by producing and recycling chemical components, in situ, that limit pathogen proliferation while degrading chemical contaminants.  Two electrode types (Dimensionally Stable Anodes & Boron-Doped Diamond) using regenerative in situ processes are tested and will be evaluated on their suitability for crop production.  Upon analyzing the electrochemical systems’ ability for disinfection and organic pollutant degradation, they appear to be compatible with crop production following preliminary trials.
Rural 2.0: Place-Based Rural Community Innovation Systems
Authors: Ashleigh Weeden
Published: March 2020

We live in an era obsessed with innovation. So much so that in 2016, the Government of Canada began work on a new national ‘Innovation Agenda’ with the following proposition: “Innovation is a Canadian value. It’s in our nature, and now more than ever, it will create jobs, drive growth and improve the lives of all Canadians. It’s how we make our living, compete and provide solutions to the world. We have the talent, the drive, the dedication and the opportunity to succeed. So, what’s next?” However, as every public consultation on the Innovation Agenda took place in a major city and produced initiatives with names like ‘the Smart Cities Challenge,’ it seems like ‘what’s next’ is a national innovation conversation so steeped in unquestioned urbanism that it fails to even acknowledge, let alone include, rural Canadians. This doctoral research project will use a comparative case study approach to investigate the complex relationships at play in place-based rural innovation systems and provide grounded, illustrative narratives for informing public policy.
Making a Difference: Provincial Policy Reflections on Knowledge Mobilization
Authors: Ashleigh Weeden
Published: March 2020

Governments across Canada struggle to develop and implement robust, flexible, and effective rural policies and programs to meet the ever-changing contexts of rural communities. Critical to understanding how policymakers are addressing this challenge as they design, implement and/or evaluate rural policy and programming is examining if and how they use research evidence – and what kind of evidence – they use to inform this process. Through interviews with policy makers across Canada, this project investigates knowledge mobilization processes and relationships between academic research and the public policy process for rural policy decision makers. This research will directly contribute to improving rural development public policy in Ontario by providing critical information about current challenges to and opportunities for more effective knowledge mobilization in designing, implementing, and evaluating successful rural development policies and programs.
Technology Focus: Completions (April 2020)
Authors: Lehr Doug
Published: March 2020

Technology Focus

We must standardize our completion configuration for all our wells. We cannot wait 6 months to accumulate production data to use in optimizing treating parameters on future wells. Can you predict first-year oil production? Can you predict annular pressure buildup in your high-pressure/high-temperature well?

Sound familiar?

Today, completion optimization relies heavily on our experience with the last well, domain knowledge [subject-matter experts (SMEs)], or perhaps simple curve fitting using the data from multiple wells. All are time-honored methods but have fundamental limitations. As SMEs, humans can articulate the “what” but, when many variables are in play (e.g., unconventional completions), are frequently challenged in pinpointing the “whys.” Historical mathematical models are better but suffer from multiple assumptions about second- and third-order effects. While adequate in some cases, historical models are challenged when predicting outcomes in highly complex completions.

Enter machine learning.

Digitization, big data, artificial intelligence, analytics, machine learning (ML), and automation are mentioned frequently as solutions for today’s complex technical challenges. ML is particularly fascinating because numerical models are used that can learn and be trained to predict future outcomes accurately. The synopses in this feature show how ML can provide accurate prediction of annular pressure buildup, first-year oil production, and (in conjunction with novel casing accessories) the time and location of water breakthrough along a lateral wellbore.

Digitization is a trend that will forever change how engineers and scientists tackle the most complex problems in our industry. ML can advance optimization in many complex completions significantly by delivering high-accuracy predictions. When ML is applied successfully, the numbers do not lie.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 196169 Subsurface-Driven Connectivity Descriptions in the Montney and the Duvernay Inform the Applicability of Single-Point vs. Multipoint Well Architectures by Ben Stephenson, Shell, et al.

SPE 197968 Strategic Engineering Application for Long Lateral Wells by Ahmed Kiyoumi, Abu Dhabi National Oil Company, et al.

SPE 196179 Evaluating Precision of Fluid/Casing Design for Annular Pressure Buildup Application Using Machine-Learning Tools by Sandeep D. Kulkarni, Indian Institute of Technology, et al.