bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perirectal hematoma after stapled surgery for hemorrhoidal prolapse and obstructed defecation syndrome: case series management to avoid panic-guided treatment
Authors: Mascagni Domenico , Eberspacher Chiara , Naldini Gabriele , Arcieri Francesco Leone , Mascagni Pietro , Cirocchi Roberto , Popivanov Georgi , Sileri Pierpaolo , Arcieri Stefano
Published: March 2023

Perirectal hematoma (PH) is one of the most feared complications of stapling procedures. Literature reviews have reported only a few works on PH, most of them describing isolated treatment approaches and severe outcomes. The aim of this study was to analyze a homogenous case series of PH and to define a treatment algorithm for huge postoperative PHs. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of three high-volume proctology units was performed between 2008 and 2018, and all PH cases were analyzed. In all, 3058 patients underwent stapling procedures for hemorrhoidal disease or obstructed defecation syndrome with internal prolapse. Among these, 14 (0.46%) large PH cases were reported, and 12 of these hematomas were stable and treated conservatively (antibiotics and CT/laboratory test monitoring); most of them were resolved with spontaneous drainage. Two patients with progressive PH (signs of active bleeding and peritonism) were submitted to CT and arteriography to evaluate the source of bleeding, which was subsequently closed by embolization. This approach helped ensure that no patients with PH were referred for major abdominal surgery. Most PH cases are stable and treatable with a conservative approach, evolving with self-drainage. Progressive hematomas are rare and should undergo angiography with embolization to minimize the possibility of major surgery and severe complications.
Boosting Pseudocapacitive Behavior of Supercapattery Electrodes by Incorporating a Schottky Junction for Ultrahigh Energy Density
Authors: Seenivasan Selvaraj , Shim Kyu In , Lim Chaesung , Kavinkumar Thangavel , Sivagurunathan Amarnath T. , Han Jeong Woo , Kim Do-Heyoung
Published: March 2023

Pseudo-capacitive negative electrodes remain a major bottleneck in the development of supercapacitor devices with high energy density because the electric double-layer capacitance of the negative electrodes does not match the pseudocapacitance of the corresponding positive electrodes. In the present study, a strategically improved Ni-Co-Mo sulfide is demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high energy density supercapattery devices due to its sustained pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism. The pseudocapacitive behavior is enhanced when operating under a high current through the addition of a classical Schottky junction next to the electrode–electrolyte interface using atomic layer deposition. The Schottky junction accelerates and decelerates the diffusion of OH‒/K+ ions during the charging and discharging processes, respectively, to improve the pseudocapacitive behavior. The resulting pseudocapacitive negative electrodes exhibits a specific capacity of 2,114 C g−1 at 2 A g−1 matches almost that of the positive electrode’s 2,795 C g−1 at 3 A g−1. As a result, with the equivalent contribution from the positive and negative electrodes, an energy density of 236.1 Wh kg−1 is achieved at a power density of 921.9 W kg−1 with a total active mass of 15 mg cm−2. This strategy demonstrates the possibility of producing supercapacitors that adapt well to the supercapattery zone of a Ragone plot and that are equal to batteries in terms of energy density, thus, offering a route for further advances in electrochemical energy storage and conversion processes.
Fibrous Aerogels with Tunable Superwettability for High-Performance Solar-Driven Interfacial Evaporation
Authors: Xu Chengjian , Gao Mengyue , Yu Xiaoxiao , Zhang Junyan , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang
Published: March 2023

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology for water desalination. Generally, double-layered structure with separate surface wettability properties is usually employed for evaporator construction. However, creating materials with tunable properties is a great challenge because the wettability of existing materials is usually monotonous. Herein, we report vinyltrimethoxysilane as a single molecular unit to hybrid with bacterial cellulose (BC) fibrous network, which can be built into robust aerogel with entirely distinct wettability through controlling assembly pathways. Siloxane groups or carbon atoms are exposed on the surface of BC nanofibers, resulting in either superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic aerogels. With this special property, single component-modified aerogels could be integrated into a double-layered evaporator for water desalination. Under 1 sun, our evaporator achieves high water evaporation rates of 1.91 and 4.20 kg m−2 h−1 under laboratory and outdoor solar conditions, respectively. Moreover, this aerogel evaporator shows unprecedented lightweight, structural robustness, long-term stability under extreme conditions, and excellent salt-resistance, highlighting the advantages in synthesis of aerogel materials from the single molecular unit."Image missing"
Large Energy Capacitive High-Entropy Lead-Free Ferroelectrics
Authors: Chen Liang , Yu Huifen , Wu Jie , Deng Shiqing , Liu Hui , Zhu Lifeng , Qi He , Chen Jun
Published: March 2023

Advanced lead-free energy storage ceramics play an indispensable role in next-generation pulse power capacitors market. Here, an ultrahigh energy storage density of ~ 13.8 J cm−3 and a large efficiency of ~ 82.4% are achieved in high-entropy lead-free relaxor ferroelectrics by increasing configuration entropy, named high-entropy strategy, realizing nearly ten times growth of energy storage density compared with low-entropy material. Evolution of energy storage performance and domain structure with increasing configuration entropy is systematically revealed for the first time. The achievement of excellent energy storage properties should be attributed to the enhanced random field, decreased nanodomain size, strong multiple local distortions, and improved breakdown field. Furthermore, the excellent frequency and fatigue stability as well as charge/discharge properties with superior thermal stability are also realized. The significantly enhanced comprehensive energy storage performance by increasing configuration entropy demonstrates that high entropy is an effective but convenient strategy to design new high-performance dielectrics, promoting the development of advanced capacitors "Image missing".
Asymptotically efficient estimation for diffusion processes with nonsynchronous observations
Authors: Ogihara Teppei
Published: March 2023

We study maximum-likelihood-type estimation for diffusion processes when the coefficients are nonrandom and observations occur in nonsynchronous manner. The problem of nonsynchronous observations is important when we consider the analysis of high-frequency data in a financial market. Constructing a quasi-likelihood function to define the estimator, we adaptively estimate the parameter for the diffusion part and the drift part. We consider the asymptotic theory when the terminal time point $$T_n$$

T
n

and the observation frequency goes to infinity, and show the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the estimator. Moreover, we show local asymptotic normality for the statistical model, and asymptotic efficiency of the estimator as a consequence. To show the asymptotic properties of the maximum-likelihood-type estimator, we need to control the asymptotic behaviors of some functionals of the sampling scheme. Though it is difficult to directly control those in general, we study tractable sufficient conditions when the sampling scheme is generated by mixing processes.
Chemical Properties of Some Alkaline Sandy Soils and Their Effects on Phosphorus Dynamics with Bone Char Application as a Renewable Resource of Phosphate Fertilizer
Authors: Amin Abu El-Eyuoon Abu Zied
Published: March 2023

Several chemical properties of alkaline soils play an important role in dissolving phosphate minerals, which greatly affect the phosphorous availability to plants. The current study was carried out to assess bone char application on the availability and distribution of phosphorus in some alkaline sandy soils. This incubation experiment was performed by selecting some alkaline soils from different locations in Upper Egypt: Arab El-Awamer (Assiut Governorate), West El-Minia (El-Minia governorate), and New Valley Governorate. Bone char was applied at a dose of 4 g kg−1 soil. The incubation periods lasted for 7, 16, 35, 65, and 84 days. Phosphorus availability in Arab El-Awamer soil increased significantly with applying bone char and was greatly influenced by soil chemical properties and incubation periods. Bone char addition caused a relative increase of available phosphorous in the sequence as follows: Arab El-Awamer soil ˃ New Valley soil ˃ West El-Minia soil. Available phosphorous showed a negative correlation with electrical conductivity, soluble calcium, and soluble sulfate. A significant increase of NH4Cl-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi, and residual P fractions occurred in some soils with bone char application. Phosphorus fractions distribution in all soils followed: HCl-P ˃ residual P ˃ NaHCO3-P ˃ NaOH-P ˃ NH4Cl-P. The correlation between phosphorus availability and phosphorus fractions was positive. Our results focus on the importance of using bone char as an amendment in P-poor alkaline soils for improving phosphorus availability. So, bone char is an effective technique for sustainable agriculture because it is a clean and renewable resource of phosphate fertilizers.
Perspective from anesthesiologists on the therapy of critically ill patients with COVID-19
Authors: Li Hui , Dai Ruping
Published: March 2023

With the surge of critically ill COVID-19 patients in China, numerous anesthesiologists from anesthesia intensive care units (AICU) or reallocated to other ICUs were devoted to the treatment of COVID-19. Besides the standard protocols to treat COVID-19 cases, anesthesiologists also have their own experience to treat COVID-19 cases based on professional expertise and practice. Here, we propose some viewpoints to treat critically ill COIVD-19 patients from the perspective of anesthesiologists.
Grammatical Encoding for Speech Production
Authors: Wheeldon Linda Ruth , Konopka Agnieszka
Published: March 2023

During the production of spoken sentences, the linearisation of a 'thought' is accomplished via the process of grammatical encoding, i.e., the building of a hierarchical syntactic frame that fixes the linear order of lexical concepts. While much research has demonstrated the independence of lexical and syntactic representations, exactly what is represented remains a matter of dispute. Moreover, theories differ in terms of whether words or syntax drive grammatical encoding. This debate is also central to theories of the time-course of grammatical encoding. Speaking is usually a rapid process in which articulation begins before an utterance has been entirely planned. Current theories of grammatical encoding make different claims about the scope of grammatical encoding prior to utterance onset, and the degree to which planning scope is determined by linguistic structure or by cognitive factors. The authors review current theories of grammatical encoding and evaluate them in light of relevant empirical evidence. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Developing Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services: the door of opportunity
Authors: Wrigley M. , O’Riordan F.
Published: March 2023

The development of Specialist Perinatal Mental Health Services in Ireland in recent years (2018–2021) is described. The paper highlights the role of unexpected opportunity in advancing this much needed service for women, infants and their families. It also emphasises the need for funding combined with an implementation mechanism to ensure that the service emerging is true to the Model of Care designed and is available in a uniform manner to women nationally.
Breaking the ice in a conversation: abstract words prompt dialogs more easily than concrete ones
Authors: Fini Chiara , Falcinelli Ilenia , Cuomo Giovanna , Era Vanessa , Candidi Matteo , Tummolini Luca , Mazzuca Claudia , Borghi Anna M.
Published: March 2023

Abstract domains of knowledge may have social origins. However, whether abstract concepts (ACs) may also differentially affect communicative interaction and conversation has not been explored. Here, we studied ACs’ communicative functions by collecting in an Italian and an English sample, ratings for concrete concept (CC) and ACs related to three main dimensions: communicative/pragmatic [i.e., Openness to Negotiation (ON), Easiness to Start a Conversation (ESC)], semantic/metacognitive [i.e., Social Metacognition (SM) – perceived need of others, Word Confidence (WC), Contextual Availability (CA)], and emotional–experiential (i.e., Pleasantness, Valence, Familiarity). Overall, Italian participants judged it was easier to start a conversation, the more pleasant, familiar, and positively valenced were rated the concepts. Crucially, at lower values of the emotional–experiential component (i.e., Familiarity in the Italian sample, also Pleasantness and Valence in an English sample), there was an advantage of ACs over CCs in the ESC. Moreover, in the Italian sample, participants rated ACs higher on SM, ON, and lower on WC and CA. Notably, in both the Italian and English sample, ACs with higher ratings on the ESC dimension belonged to the Self-Sociality subcluster. The results offer new insights into the pragmatic aspects linked to ACs’ use.
Broken Circle: Premature Deindustrialization, Chinese Capital Exports, and the Stumbling Development of New Territorial Industrial Complexes
Authors: Neel Phillip
Published: March 2023

While inherited models of industrial development and the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the developmental process associate urbanization and rising industrial output with the industrialization of employment, suggesting that the structural shift to a service-based job market is a sign of developmental “maturity,” such models fail to explain the secular tendency toward “premature deindustrialization” that has become increasingly evident in poor countries worldwide. These models cannot account for the deep bifurcations between output and employment, formality and informality, and industrialization and urbanization observable on the ground in the world's fastest growing cities. Meanwhile, the alternative models of critical development theorists tend to focus on failures of industrial takeoff and classic relations of dependency, none of which adequately account for the phenomenon being observed today. This paper explores an alternate explanation for premature deindustrialization, drawing from Marxian theories of technical change and the secular tendencies of capitalist development. The argument is illustrated with examples taken from the author's field work in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, and the Pearl River Delta in China. Ultimately, the phenomenon of premature deindustrialization suggests that the great circle of development may collapse under its own contradictions before industrialization circumnavigates the globe.
Zur Vorhersage des schulischen Lern- und Arbeitsverhaltens durch domänenübergreifende Vorläuferfähigkeiten
Authors: Kastner-Koller Ursula , Kaltenberger Anna , Jöbstl Viktoria , Landerl Karin , Steiner Anna F. , Wagner Victoria , Deimann Pia
Published: March 2023

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Bedeutung domänenübergreifender Vorläuferfähigkeiten für den Schulerfolg ist empirisch bereits gut belegt. Insbesondere Aspekte der exekutiven Funktionen wie Arbeitsgedächtnis und Aufmerksamkeit sagen Schulleistungen ähnlich gut vorher wie der Intelligenzquotient. Auch die vorschulischen grafomotorischen Kompetenzen stehen in Zusammenhang mit schulischer Bewährung. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob diese domänenübergreifenden Vorläuferfähigkeiten neben dem Schulerfolg auch das Lern- und Arbeitsverhalten in der Grundschule vorhersagen können. Methode: Zur Schuleinschreibung 2019 wurden die domänenübergreifenden Vorläuferfähigkeiten Arbeitsgedächtnis, Aufmerksamkeit und Grafomotorik von 250 Kindern im letzten Kindergartenjahr erhoben. Längsschnittlich wurden diese Kinder im Hinblick auf ihr schulisches Lern- und Arbeitsverhalten am Beginn und Ende der zweiten Schulstufe untersucht. Ergebnisse: Die domänenübergreifenden Vorläuferfähigkeiten erlauben eine Vorhersage des Lern- und Arbeitsverhaltens, des Arbeitsgedächtnisses und der Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit in der zweiten Schulstufe, wobei das Arbeitsgedächtnis der beste Prädiktor ist. Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, domänenübergreifende Fähigkeiten in der Früherkennung von Lernschwierigkeiten zu berücksichtigen.
Combining pMINFLUX, graphene energy transfer and DNA-PAINT for nanometer precise 3D super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Zähringer Jonas , Cole Fiona , Bohlen Johann , Steiner Florian , Kamińska Izabela , Tinnefeld Philip
Published: March 2023

3D super-resolution microscopy with nanometric resolution is a key to fully complement ultrastructural techniques with fluorescence imaging. Here, we achieve 3D super-resolution by combining the 2D localization of pMINFLUX with the axial information of graphene energy transfer (GET) and the single-molecule switching by DNA-PAINT. We demonstrate <2 nm localization precision in all 3 dimension with axial precision reaching below 0.3 nm. In 3D DNA-PAINT measurements, structural features, i.e., individual docking strands at distances of 3 nm, are directly resolved on DNA origami structures. pMINFLUX and GET represent a particular synergetic combination for super-resolution imaging near the surface such as for cell adhesion and membrane complexes as the information of each photon is used for both 2D and axial localization information. Furthermore, we introduce local PAINT (L-PAINT), in which DNA-PAINT imager strands are equipped with an additional binding sequence for local upconcentration improving signal-to-background ratio and imaging speed of local clusters. L-PAINT is demonstrated by imaging a triangular structure with 6 nm side lengths within seconds.
The TINCR ubiquitin-like microprotein is a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Morgado-Palacin Lucia , Brown Jessie A. , Martinez Thomas F. , Garcia-Pedrero Juana M. , Forouhar Farhad , Quinn S. Aidan , Reglero Clara , Vaughan Joan , Heydary Yasamin Hajy , Donaldson Cynthia , Rodriguez-Perales Sandra , Allonca Eva , Granda-Diaz Rocio , Fernandez Agustin F. , Fraga Mario F. , Kim Arianna L. , Santos-Juanes Jorge , Owens David M. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Saghatelian Alan , Ferrando Adolfo A.
Published: March 2023

The TINCR (Terminal differentiation-Induced Non-Coding RNA) gene is selectively expressed in epithelium tissues and is involved in the control of human epidermal differentiation and wound healing. Despite its initial report as a long non-coding RNA, the TINCR locus codes for a highly conserved ubiquitin-like microprotein associated with keratinocyte differentiation. Here we report the identification of TINCR as a tumor suppressor in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). TINCR is upregulated by UV-induced DNA damage in a TP53-dependent manner in human keratinocytes. Decreased TINCR protein expression is prevalently found in skin and head and neck squamous cell tumors and TINCR expression suppresses the growth of SCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, Tincr knockout mice show accelerated tumor development following UVB skin carcinogenesis and increased penetrance of invasive SCCs. Finally, genetic analyses identify loss-of-function mutations and deletions encompassing the TINCR gene in SCC clinical samples supporting a tumor suppressor role in human cancer. Altogether, these results demonstrate a role for TINCR as protein coding tumor suppressor gene recurrently lost in squamous cell carcinomas.
Double dome structure of the Bose–Einstein condensation in diluted S = 3/2 quantum magnets
Authors: Watanabe Yoshito , Miyake Atsushi , Gen Masaki , Mizukami Yuta , Hashimoto Kenichiro , Shibauchi Takasada , Ikeda Akihiko , Tokunaga Masashi , Kurumaji Takashi , Tokunaga Yusuke , Arima Taka-hisa
Published: March 2023

Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in quantum magnets, where bosonic spin excitations condense into ordered ground states, is a realization of BEC in a thermodynamic limit. Although previous magnetic BEC studies have focused on magnets with small spins of S ≤ 1, larger spin systems potentially possess richer physics because of the multiple excitations on a single site level. Here, we show the evolution of the magnetic phase diagram of S = 3/2 quantum magnet Ba2CoGe2O7 when the averaged interaction J is controlled by a dilution of magnetic sites. By partial substitution of Co with nonmagnetic Zn, the magnetic order dome transforms into a double dome structure, which can be explained by three kinds of magnetic BECs with distinct excitations. Furthermore, we show the importance of the randomness effects induced by the quenched disorder: we discuss the relevance of geometrical percolation and Bose/Mott glass physics near the BEC quantum critical point.
Polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels for three-dimensional printing fabrication of wearable sensors
Authors: Xiong Xueru , Chen Yunhua , Wang Zhenxing , Liu Huan , Le Mengqi , Lin Caihong , Wu Gang , Wang Lin , Shi Xuetao , Jia Yong-Guang , Zhao Yanli
Published: March 2023

While hydrogels enable a variety of applications in wearable sensors and electronic skins, they are susceptible to fatigue fracture during cyclic deformations owing to their inefficient fatigue resistance. Herein, acrylated β-cyclodextrin with bile acid is self-assembled into a polymerizable pseudorotaxane via precise host-guest recognition, which is photopolymerized with acrylamide to obtain conductive polymerizable rotaxane hydrogels (PR-Gel). The topological networks of PR-Gel enable all desirable properties in this system due to the large conformational freedom of the mobile junctions, including the excellent stretchability along with superior fatigue resistance. PR-Gel based strain sensor can sensitively detect and distinguish large body motions and subtle muscle movements. The three-dimensional printing fabricated sensors of PR-Gel exhibit high resolution and altitude complexity, and real-time human electrocardiogram signals are detected with high repeating stability. PR-Gel can self-heal in air, and has highly repeatable adhesion to human skin, demonstrating its great potential in wearable sensors.
Intermediate-state-trapped mutants pinpoint G protein-coupled receptor conformational allostery
Authors: Wang Xudong , Neale Chris , Kim Soo-Kyung , Goddard William A. , Ye Libin
Published: March 2023

Understanding the roles of intermediate states in signaling is pivotal to unraveling the activation processes of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the field is still struggling to define these conformational states with sufficient resolution to study their individual functions. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of enriching the populations of discrete states via conformation-biased mutants. These mutants adopt distinct distributions among five states that lie along the activation pathway of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a class A GPCR. Our study reveals a structurally conserved cation-π lock between transmembrane helix VI (TM6) and Helix8 that regulates cytoplasmic cavity opening as a “gatekeeper” for G protein penetration. A GPCR activation process based on the well-discerned conformational states is thus proposed, allosterically micro-modulated by the cation-π lock and a previously well-defined ionic interaction between TM3 and TM6. Intermediate-state-trapped mutants will also provide useful information in relation to receptor-G protein signal transduction.
C–N bond formation by a polyketide synthase
Authors: Wang Jialiang , Wang Xiaojie , Li Xixi , Kong LiangLiang , Du Zeqian , Li Dandan , Gou Lixia , Wu Hao , Cao Wei , Wang Xiaozheng , Lin Shuangjun , Shi Ting , Deng Zixin , Wang Zhijun , Liang Jingdan
Published: March 2023

Assembly-line polyketide synthases (PKSs) are molecular factories that produce diverse metabolites with wide-ranging biological activities. PKSs usually work by constructing and modifying the polyketide backbone successively. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of CalA3, a chain release PKS module without an ACP domain, and its structures with amidation or hydrolysis products. The domain organization reveals a unique “∞”-shaped dimeric architecture with five connected domains. The catalytic region tightly contacts the structural region, resulting in two stabilized chambers with nearly perfect symmetry while the N-terminal docking domain is flexible. The structures of the ketosynthase (KS) domain illustrate how the conserved key residues that canonically catalyze C–C bond formation can be tweaked to mediate C–N bond formation, revealing the engineering adaptability of assembly-line polyketide synthases for the production of novel pharmaceutical agents.
The dynamic nature of percolation on networks with triadic interactions
Authors: Sun Hanlin , Radicchi Filippo , Kurths Jürgen , Bianconi Ginestra
Published: March 2023

Percolation establishes the connectivity of complex networks and is one of the most fundamental critical phenomena for the study of complex systems. On simple networks, percolation displays a second-order phase transition; on multiplex networks, the percolation transition can become discontinuous. However, little is known about percolation in networks with higher-order interactions. Here, we show that percolation can be turned into a fully fledged dynamical process when higher-order interactions are taken into account. By introducing signed triadic interactions, in which a node can regulate the interactions between two other nodes, we define triadic percolation. We uncover that in this paradigmatic model the connectivity of the network changes in time and that the order parameter undergoes a period doubling and a route to chaos. We provide a general theory for triadic percolation which accurately predicts the full phase diagram on random graphs as confirmed by extensive numerical simulations. We find that triadic percolation on real network topologies reveals a similar phenomenology. These results radically change our understanding of percolation and may be used to study complex systems in which the functional connectivity is changing in time dynamically and in a non-trivial way, such as in neural and climate networks.
Photothermally induced natural vibration for versatile and high-speed actuation of crystals
Authors: Hagiwara Yuki , Hasebe Shodai , Fujisawa Hiroki , Morikawa Junko , Asahi Toru , Koshima Hideko
Published: March 2023

The flourishing field of soft robotics requires versatile actuation methodology. Natural vibration is a physical phenomenon that can occur in any material. Here, we report high-speed bending of anisole crystals by natural vibration induced by the photothermal effect. Rod-shaped crystal cantilevers undergo small, fast repetitive bending (~0.2°) due to natural vibration accompanied by large photothermal bending (~1°) under ultraviolet light irradiation. The natural vibration is greatly amplified by resonance upon pulsed light irradiation at the natural frequency to realise high frequency (~700 Hz), large bending (~4°), and high energy conversion efficiency from light to mechanical energy. The natural vibration is induced by the thermal load generated by the temperature gradient in the crystal due to the photothermal effect. The bending behaviour is successfully simulated using finite element analysis. Any light-absorbing crystal can be actuated by photothermally induced natural vibration. This finding of versatile crystal actuation can lead to the development of soft robots with high-speed and high-efficient actuation capabilities.
Finite element modeling of meniscal tears using continuum damage mechanics and digital image correlation
Authors: Nesbitt Derek Q. , Burruel Dylan E. , Henderson Bradley S. , Lujan Trevor J.
Published: March 2023

Meniscal tears are a common, painful, and debilitating knee injury with limited treatment options. Computational models that predict meniscal tears may help advance injury prevention and repair, but first these models must be validated using experimental data. Here we simulated meniscal tears with finite element analysis using continuum damage mechanics (CDM) in a transversely isotropic hyperelastic material. Finite element models were built to recreate the coupon geometry and loading conditions of forty uniaxial tensile experiments of human meniscus that were pulled to failure either parallel or perpendicular to the preferred fiber orientation. Two damage criteria were evaluated for all experiments: von Mises stress and maximum normal Lagrange strain. After we successfully fit all models to experimental force–displacement curves (grip-to-grip), we compared model predicted strains in the tear region at ultimate tensile strength to the strains measured experimentally with digital image correlation (DIC). In general, the damage models underpredicted the strains measured in the tear region, but models using von Mises stress damage criterion had better overall predictions and more accurately simulated experimental tear patterns. For the first time, this study has used DIC to expose strengths and weaknesses of using CDM to model failure behavior in soft fibrous tissue.
Effect of flow change on brain injury during an experimental model of differential hypoxaemia in cardiogenic shock supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Rozencwajg Sacha , Heinsar Silver , Wildi Karin , Jung Jae‐Seung , Colombo Sebastiano Maria , Palmieri Chiara , Sato Kei , Ainola Carmen , Wang Xiaomeng , Abbate Gabriella , Sato Noriko , Dyer Wayne B. , Livingstone Samantha , Helms Leticia , Bartnikowski Nicole , Bouquet Mahe , Passmore Margaret R. , Hyslop Kieran , Vidal Bruno , Reid Janice D. , McGuire Daniel , Wilson Emily S. , Rätsep Indrek , Lorusso Roberto , Schmidt Matthieu , Suen Jacky Y. , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F.
Published: March 2023

Differential hypoxaemia (DH) is common in patients supported by femoral veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and can cause cerebral hypoxaemia. To date, no models have studied the direct impact of flow on cerebral damage. We investigated the impact of V-A ECMO flow on brain injury in an ovine model of DH. After inducing severe cardiorespiratory failure and providing ECMO support, we randomised six sheep into two groups: low flow (LF) in which ECMO was set at 2.5 L min−1 ensuring that the brain was entirely perfused by the native heart and lungs, and high flow (HF) in which ECMO was set at 4.5 L min−1 ensuring that the brain was at least partially perfused by ECMO. We used invasive (oxygenation tension—PbTO2, and cerebral microdialysis) and non-invasive (near infrared spectroscopy—NIRS) neuromonitoring, and euthanised animals after five hours for histological analysis. Cerebral oxygenation was significantly improved in the HF group as shown by higher PbTO2 levels (+ 215% vs − 58%, p = 0.043) and NIRS (67 ± 5% vs 49 ± 4%, p = 0.003). The HF group showed significantly less severe brain injury than the LF group in terms of neuronal shrinkage, congestion and perivascular oedema (p < 0.0001). Cerebral microdialysis values in the LF group all reached the pathological thresholds, even though no statistical difference was found between the two groups. Differential hypoxaemia can lead to cerebral damage after only a few hours and mandates a thorough neuromonitoring of patients. An increase in ECMO flow was an effective strategy to reduce such damages.
Advanced quantum image representation and compression using a DCT-EFRQI approach
Authors: Haque Md Ershadul , Paul Manoranjan , Ulhaq Anwaar , Debnath Tanmoy
Published: March 2023

In recent years, quantum image computing draws a lot of attention due to storing and processing image data faster compared to classical computers. A number of approaches have been proposed to represent the quantum image inside a quantum computer. Representing and compressing medium and big-size images inside the quantum computer is still challenging. To address this issue, we have proposed a block-wise DCT-EFRQI (Direct Cosine Transform Efficient Flexible Representation of Quantum Image) approach to represent and compress the gray-scale image efficiently to save computational time and reduce the quantum bits (qubits) for the state preparation. In this work, we have demonstrated the capability of block-wise DCT and DWT transformation inside the quantum domain to investigate their relative performances. The Quirk simulation tool is used to design the corresponding quantum image circuit. In the proposed DCT-EFRQI approach, a total of 17 qubits are used to represent the coefficients, the connection between coefficients and state (i.e., auxiliary), and their position for representing and compressing grayscale images inside a quantum computer. Among those, 8 qubits are used to map the coefficient values and the rest are used to generate the corresponding coefficient XY-coordinate position including one auxiliary qubit. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed DCT-EFRQI scheme provides better representation and compression compared to DCT-GQIR, DWT-GQIR, and DWT-EFRQI in terms of rate-distortion performance.
Identifying polymorphic cis-regulatory variants as risk markers for lung carcinogenesis and chemotherapy responses in tobacco smokers from eastern India
Authors: Sengupta Debmalya , Mukhopadhyay Pramiti , Banerjee Souradeep , Ganguly Kausik , Mascharak Prateek , Mukherjee Noyonika , Mitra Sangeeta , Bhattacharjee Samsiddhi , Mitra Ritabrata , Sarkar Abhijit , Chaudhuri Tamohan , Bhattacharjee Gautam , Nath Somsubhra , Roychoudhury Susanta , Sengupta Mainak
Published: March 2023

Aberrant expression of xenobiotic metabolism and DNA repair genes is critical to lung cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to identify the cis-regulatory variants of the genes modulating lung cancer risk among tobacco smokers and altering their chemotherapy responses. From a list of 2984 SNVs, prioritization and functional annotation revealed 22 cis-eQTLs of 14 genes within the gene expression-correlated DNase I hypersensitive sites using lung tissue-specific ENCODE, GTEx, Roadmap Epigenomics, and TCGA datasets. The 22 cis-regulatory variants predictably alter the binding of 44 transcription factors (TFs) expressed in lung tissue. Interestingly, 6 reported lung cancer-associated variants were found in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with 5 prioritized cis-eQTLs from our study. A case–control study with 3 promoter cis-eQTLs (p < 0.01) on 101 lung cancer patients and 401 healthy controls from eastern India with confirmed smoking history revealed an association of rs3764821 (ALDH3B1) (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.57–4.07, p = 0.00014) and rs3748523 (RAD52) (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.17–2.47, p = 0.006) with lung cancer risk. The effect of different chemotherapy regimens on the overall survival of lung cancer patients to the associated variants showed that the risk alleles of both variants significantly decreased (p < 0.05) patient survival.
Warm, not cold temperatures contributed to a Late Miocene reef decline in the Coral Sea
Authors: Petrick Benjamin , Reuning Lars , Auer Gerald , Zhang Yige , Pfeiffer Miriam , Schwark Lorenz
Published: March 2023

Evidence shows that in the modern ocean, coral reefs are disappearing, and these losses are tied to climate change. However, research also shows that coral reefs can adapt rapidly to changing conditions leading some researchers to suggest that some reef systems will survive future climate change through adaptation. It is known that there were changes in the area covered by coral reefs in the past. Therefore, it is important to investigate the long-term response of coral reefs to environmental changes and high sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). However, because of diagenetic issues with SST proxies in neritic, metastable carbonate-rich environments, there is an incomplete and sometimes even incorrect understanding of how changes in SSTs affect carbonate reef systems. A good example is the Queensland Plateau offshore northeast Australia next to the threatened Great Barrier Reef. In the Late Miocene, between 11 and 7 Ma, a partial drowning caused the reef area on the Queensland Plateau to decline by ~ 50% leading to a Late Miocene change in platform geometry from a reef rimmed platform to a carbonate ramp. This reef decline was interpreted to be the result of SSTs at the lower limit of the modern reef growth window (20–18 °C). This article presents a new Late Miocene—ased SST record from the Coral Sea based on the TEX86H molecular paleothermometer, challenging this long held view. Our new record indicates warm tropical SSTs (27–32 °C) at the upper end of the modern reef growth window. We suggest that the observed temperatures potentially exceeded the optimal calcification temperatures of corals. In combination with a low aragonite supersaturation in the ocean, this could have reduced coral growth rates and ultimately lowered the aggradation potential of the reef system. These sub-optimal growth rates could have made the coral reefs more susceptible to other stressors, such as relative sea-level rise and/or changes in currents leading to reef drowning. Given that these changes affected coral reefs that were likely adapted to high temperature/low aragonite saturation conditions suggests that reefs that have adapted to non-ideal conditions may still be susceptible to future climate changes due to the interaction of multiple stressors associated with climate change.
Associations between ambient air pollutants and childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease in Sichuan, China: a spatiotemporal study
Authors: Qian Jian , Luo Caiying , Lv Qiang , Liu Yaqiong , Zhang Tao , Yin Fei , Ma Yue , Shui Tiejun
Published: March 2023

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in the Asia–Pacific region. Previous studies have implied that ambient air pollution may affect the incidence of HFMD, but the results among different regions are inconsistent. We aimed to deepen the understanding of the associations between air pollutants and HFMD by conducting a multicity study. Daily data on childhood HFMD counts and meteorological and ambient air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, O3, and SO2) concentrations in 21 cities in Sichuan Province from 2015 to 2017 were collected. A spatiotemporal Bayesian hierarchical model framework was established, and then a distributed lag nonlinear models (DLNMs) was constructed to reveal exposure-lag-response relationships between air pollutants and HFMD while controlling for spatiotemporal effects. Furthermore, given the differences in the levels and seasonal trends of air pollutants between the basin region and plateau region, we explored whether these associations varied between different areas (basin and plateau). The associations between air pollutants and HFMD were nonlinear, with different lag responses. Low NO2 concentrations and both low and high PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were associated with a decreased risk of HFMD. No significant associations between CO, O3, and SO2 and HFMD were found. The associations between air pollutant concentrations and HFMD were different between the basin and plateau regions. Our study revealed associations between PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 concentrations and HFMD, deepening the understanding of the relationships between air pollutants and HFMD. These findings provide evidence to support the formulation of relevant prevention measures and the establishment of an early warning system.
Symmetry-protected difference between spin Hall and anomalous Hall effects of a periodically driven multiorbital metal
Authors: Arakawa Naoya , Yonemitsu Kenji
Published: March 2023

Nonequilibrium quantum states can be controlled via the driving field in periodically driven systems. Such control, which is called Floquet engineering, has opened various phenomena, such as the light-induced anomalous Hall effect. There are expected to be some essential differences between the anomalous Hall and spin Hall effects of periodically driven systems because of the difference in time-reversal symmetry. However, these differences remain unclear due to the lack of Floquet engineering of the spin Hall effect. Here we show that when the helicity of circularly polarized light is changed in a periodically driven t2g-orbital metal, the spin current generated by the spin Hall effect remains unchanged, whereas the charge current generated by the anomalous Hall effect is reversed. This difference is protected by the symmetry of a time reversal operation. Our results offer a way to distinguish the spin current and charge current via light and could be experimentally observed in pump-probe measurements of periodically driven Sr2RuO4.
Nature experience from yards provide an important space for mental health during Covid-19
Authors: Lin Brenda B. , Chang Chia-chen , Astell-Burt Thomas , Feng Xiaoqi , Gardner John , Andersson Erik
Published: March 2023

Urban dwellers’ use of public and private green spaces may have changed during the early years of the Covid-19 pandemic due to movement restriction. A survey was deployed in Brisbane and Sydney, Australia 1 year after the start of Covid-19 restrictions (April 2021) to explore relationships of mental health and wellbeing to different patterns of private yard versus public green space visitation. More frequent yard use during the initial year of Covid-19 was correlated with lower stress, depression, and anxiety and higher wellbeing. However, greater duration of yard visits (week prior to survey) was associated with higher stress, anxiety, and depression scores, potentially because individuals may seek to use nature spaces immediately available for emotional regulation during difficult times. The results highlight the importance of yards for mental health and wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic and that relationships between nature interaction and mental health may be context and timeframe dependent.
The use of a novel smartphone testing platform for the development of colorimetric sensor receptors for food spoilage
Authors: Mastnak Tinkara , Mohr Gerhard J. , Finšgar Matjaž
Published: March 2023

The use of a novel smartphone testing platform for the development of colorimetric sensor receptors for food spoilage.
Removal of metals from water using MOF-based composite adsorbents
Authors: Zadehahmadi Farnaz , Eden Nathan T. , Mahdavi Hamidreza , Konstas Kristina , Mardel James I. , Shaibani Mahdokht , Banerjee Parama Chakraborty , Hill Matthew R.
Published: March 2023

This review article focuses on metal–organic framework (MOF) composites and the impact of mixing MOFs with other materials, such as polymers, carbon-based materials, and magnetic particles, to increase their performance to remove metals from water.
cRGD-modified nanoparticles of multi-bioactive agent conjugate with pH-sensitive linkers and PD-L1 antagonist for integrative collaborative treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Zou Chenming , Tang Yuepeng , Zeng Ping , Cui Derong , Amili Majdi Al , Chang Ya , Jin Zhu , Shen Yuanyuan , Tan Songwei , Guo Shengrong
Published: March 2023

cRGD-modified nanoparticles (cRGD-TDA NPs) of a multi-bioactive agent conjugate for powerfully eliciting an immunogenic cell death (ICD) effect and enhancing cancer chemoimmunotherapy combined with PD-L1 antagonists.
Nonreciprocal collective magnetostatic wave modes in geometrically asymmetric bilayer structure with nonmagnetic spacer
Authors: Gerevenkov P. I. , Bessonov V. D. , Teplov V. S. , Telegin A. V. , Kalashnikova A. M. , Khokhlov N. E.
Published: March 2023

We show a frequency nonreciprocity of collective spin waves in a bilayer structure. The nonreciprocity stems from the dependence of the spin wave dispersion on the layer thickness and can be tuned by a simple geometrical asymmetry of the structure.
Glycerol and microwave-assisted catalysis: recent progress in batch and flow devices
Authors: Farias da Costa Ana Alice , de Nazaré de Oliveira Alex , Esposito Roberto , Auvigne Amélie , Len Christophe , Luque Rafael , Rodrigues Noronha Renata Coelho , Santos do Nascimento Luís Adriano
Published: March 2023

Glycerol is a platform molecule allowing the production of high value-added molecules with numerous industrial applications in many different fields.
A 3D-printed Al metal–organic framework/S cathode with efficient adsorption and redox conversion of polysulfides in lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Xi Wen , Zhang Junpu , Zhang Youfang , Wang Rui , Gong Yansheng , He Beibei , Wang Huanwen , Jin Jun
Published: March 2023

A hierarchically micro-nanostructured Al-MOF/S cathode is constructed by 3D printing technology for Li–S batteries.
Chemical vapor deposition growth and photodetector performance of lead-free all-inorganic crystalline Cs3Sb2X9 (X = I, Br) perovskite thin films
Authors: Shil Sujit Kumer , Wang Fei , Egbo Kingsley O. , Wang Ying , Kwok Cheuk Kai Gary , Tsang Sai-W. , Ho Johnny C. , Yu Kin Man
Published: March 2023

Lead-free inorganic halide perovskites are non toxic and stable with unique properties making them suitable for many optoelectronic devices. We fabricated photodetectors with their thin films which demonstrated excellent photodetection performance.
An improved cobalt-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation of olefins using secondary phosphine oxide promotors
Authors: Huang Weiheng , Jackstell Ralf , Spannenberg Anke , Beller Matthias
Published: March 2023

A cobalt-catalysed alkoxycarbonylation under mild conditions was conducted. Diaryl phosphine oxides (SPOs) are the key for performing this reaction with simple and stable cobalt(ii) salts as precursors, leading to advantages in practicability.
Bimetallic phosphoselenide nanosheets as bifunctional catalysts for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation and hydrogen evolution
Authors: Zhang Hao , Qi Gaocan , Liu Wei , Zhang Shusheng , Liu Qian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: March 2023

Here, Mn-doped FePSe3 nanosheets are developed as an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst, which shows high activity and good stability toward HMF oxidation and hydrogen evolution.
A hollow urchin-like metal–organic framework with Ni–O-cluster SBUs as a promising electrode for an alkaline battery–supercapacitor device
Authors: Chen Tianqi , Bian Sujuan , Yang Xutian , Lu Wenjie , Wang Kuaibing , Guo Yuxuan , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Qichun
Published: March 2023

A hollow NiPSC electrode with a large d-spacing lattice distance has been demonstrated as an active SC electrode in a supercapacitor–battery hybrid device to achieve superior electrochemical performance.
Recent advances of stimuli-responsive viologen-based nanocomposites
Authors: Li Xin , Yang Jie , Yang Ying-Wei
Published: March 2023

The unique electron-deficient viologen-based compounds are the terminally substituted 4,4′-bipyridine with excellent photoelectric response features to be applied in the preparation of stimuli-responsive materials.
All-in-one terahertz taste sensor: integrated electronic and bioelectronic tongues
Authors: Wang Jin , Sakai Kenji , Kiwa Toshihiko
Published: March 2023

All-in-one terahertz taste sensor: integrated electronic and bioelectronic tongues with a multiarray of bioreceptors and sensing materials.