bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Acute toxicity study of plantaricin from Lactobacillus plantarum S34 and its antibacterial activity
Authors: Ahaddin Arido Yugovelman , Budiarti Sri , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Darusman Huda S , Triratna Lita
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ahaddin AY, Budiarti S, Mustopa AZ, Darusman HS, Triratna L. 2021. Short Communication: Acute toxicity study of plantaricin from Lactobacillus plantarum S34 and its antibacterial activity. Biodiversitas 22: 227-232. Lactobacillus plantarum S34 belongs to the Lactobacilli class produces a bacteriocin called plantaricin. Bacteriocins are well known as active compounds that inhibit bacterial growth. This study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of plantaricin S34 and its safety profile in the ddY mouse animal models. Plantaricin 34 from the crude extract was identified using Tricine SDS-PAGE. Antimicrobial activity was observed using disk diffusion against EPEC K1.1, S. aureus, S. typhosa, S typhimurium, and Proteus sp. The safety assessment showed that crude extract of plantaricin S34 did not cause any abnormalities to experimental mice even after being administrated with 5000 mg/kg BB. The identification of plantaricin S34 showed an active molecule at 7.34 kDa and had an activity to inhibit the pathogens used in this study. The blood analysis showed that the hematological and biochemical blood properties were in the normal range. Histopathological examination showed no damage to the intestine, liver, and kidneys. Thus, the crude extract of plantaricin S34 is active as an antimicrobial agent without any toxicity effects.
Diversity and distribution of figs (Ficus: Moraceae) in Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya I Made Saka , Defiani Made Ria
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Wijaya IDS, Defiani MR. 2021. Diversity and distribution of figs (Ficus: Moraceae) in Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 233-246. Fig (Ficus) is an important species in tropical regions, but there is a lack of updated data on fig diversity in Bali. This study of fig diversity and distribution in Gianyar District, Bali, Indonesia was conducted to record the alpha-diversity of figs. The intensive exploration method was applied at seven locations representing the seven sub-districts of Gianyar. Habitats and coordinates were recorded, and the appropriate samples were preserved as dried or spirit specimens. The results showed that there were 23 identified species of figs from six subgenera: Ficus (1), Pharmacosycea (2), Sycidium (5), Sycomorus (5), Synoecia (2), and Urostigma (9). Based on location, three species had restricted distribution: F. fulva, F. tinctoria ssp. globosa, F. virens, and F. subcordata, whereas six species were adapted in every location: F. montana, F. hispida, F. septica, F. pumila, F. benjamina, and F. superba. The figs were primarily distributed near bodies of water, especially riverbanks.
Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Koneri Roni , Nangoy Meis , WAKHID Wakhid
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Koneri R, Nangoy MJ, Wakhid. 2021. Richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 288-297.  The pollination of plants by insects is one of the most important and essential ecosystem services in natural and agricultural landscapes and Insect pollinators play an important role in this process. This is because they help to transfer pollen from the anther to the stigma, which leads to fertilization. This study aims to analyze the richness and diversity of insect pollinators in various habitats around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park, Toraut, North Sulawesi. It was carried out from June to August 2020 on three types of habitats around the National Park, namely forest edges, shrubs and agricultural land. For each habitat, four plots with a size of 50 m x 25 m were made with a distance of 100 m between them. The insect pollinator observation technique used was the scan sampling method. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out on abundance, richness index, diversity index, species evenness index, dominance index and the relationship between sampling locations and environmental factors. The results showed that there were 979 insect pollinators caught at the observation point, which consisted of 60 species from 16 families and 4 orders and the most common order was Hymenoptera with 31 species. The species which were found based on their relative abundance indicated that Nomia strigata was the most abundant followed by Nomia melanderi, Apis dorsata, Ropalidia fasciata and Amegilla zonata. Furthermore, the highest abundance of insect pollinators was found in shrub habitats, while the highest species richness and diversity were found at the forest edge. Therefore, it was concluded that different types of habitat affect the richness and diversity of insect pollinator species around the Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park. In addition, this proves that the forest area of Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park generally supports the abundance, richness, and diversity of insect pollinators, which were discovered in the surrounding habitats, namely shrubs and agricultural land.
Acclimating leaf celery plant (Apium graveolens) via bottom wet culture for increasing its adaptability to tropical riparian wetland ecosystem
Authors: Lakitan Benyamin , KARTIKA KARTIKA , SUSILAWATI SUSILAWATI , WIJAYA ANDI
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Lakitan B, Kartika, Susilawati, Wijaya A. 2021. Acclimating leaf celery plant (Apium graveolens) via bottom wet culture to increase its adaptability to the tropical riparian wetland ecosystem. Biodiversitas 22: 320-328. Bottom-wet culture was set up for acclimating leaf celery plant prior to cultivation at shallow water table conditions. The aim of this research was to evaluate adaptability of leaf celery plants to riparian wetland ecosystem. Leaf celery was selected as potential candidate since natural habitat of its wild relatives is marshlands. Shading at 0%, 20%, and 60% was applied to reduced tropical sunlight intensity. Results of this study indicated that soil moisture was significantly increased in plants exposed to 60% shading, but leaf SPAD value was not significantly affected. Leaf celery is a perennial vegetable that can be frequently harvested. Weekly harvesting was rewarded with optimum yield and good quality leaves, i.e. high SPAD value (45.73 to 51.89). Delaying harvest to 3 weeks increased total yield but 52.12% of the harvested leaves were non-marketable. Mother plant of leaf celery produced suckers, but number of suckers only moderately correlated with yield (R2 = 0.56). Plants exposed to 60% shading produced significantly less suckers (9.00) than those exposed to full sunlight (12.46) and 20% shading (12.88) Use of zero intercept linear regression model, with length of leaf midrib (LLM) x leaf wingspan (LWS) as predictor, resulted in a geometrically based and accurate leaf area estimation model (LA = 0.3431(LLM x LWS); R2 = 0.87) for compound leaves of leaf celery plant. In conclusion, the most crucial factor in optimizing quantity and quality of yield was weekly harvesting focusing on marketable-size leaves.
Assessment of some heavy metals in various aquatic plants of Al-Hawizeh Marsh, southern of Iraq
Authors: Al-Abbawy Dunya A. , AL-THAHAIBAWI BASIM M. HUBAIN , AL-MAYALY ITHAR K.A. , YOUNIS KADHIM H.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Al-Abbawy DAH, Al-Thahaibawi BMH, Al-Mayaly IKA, Younis KH. 2021. Assessment of some heavy metals in various aquatic plants of Al-Hawizeh Marsh, southern of Iraq. Biodiversitas 22: 338-345. In order to describe the degree of contamination of aquatic environments in Iraq, heavy metals analysis (Fe, Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Zn) was conducted for six aquatic macrophytes from different locations of Al-Hawizeh Marsh in southern Iraq. The six species were Azolla filiculoides (floating plant), Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Najas marina (submerged plants), Phragmites australis, and Typha domingensis (emergent plants). The results indicate that cadmium, chromium, and iron concentrations in aquatic plants were above the World Health Organization (WHO). In contrast, zinc, copper, and lead were within the allowable limits. C. demersum and N. marina showed higher concentrations of heavy metal accumulation than the other aquatic plants. The concentration of heavy metals in plant tissues during the summer months was higher than in the different seasons. C. demersum and N. marina showed higher concentrations of heavy metal accumulation than the other aquatic plants. Heavy metal bioconcentration (BCF) was calculated to assess heavy metals bioaccumulation in the aquatic plants.
Shewanella baltica strain JD0705 isolated from the mangrove wetland soils in Thailand and characterization of its ligninolytic performance
Authors: Chantarasiri Aiya
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Chantarasiri A. 2021. Shewanella baltica strain JD0705 isolated from the mangrove wetland soils in Thailand and characterization of its ligninolytic performance. Biodiversitas 22: 354-361. Lignin is a complex biopolymer and the third component by mass of lignocellulosic plant biomass. Its recalcitrant property hampers the hydrolysis and utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose in the lignocellulosic biomass. Thus, the delignification of lignocellulosic biomass is an enormous challenge for emerging bio-based applications. This study presented a potential ligninolytic bacterium for potential use in the biological delignification process under mild conditions. This bacterium was isolated from the mangrove wetland soils in Thailand, characterized and identified as psychrotrophic Shewanella baltica strain JD0705. It was determined for ligninolytic activity and showed laccase activity at 5.23 ± 0.10 U/mL. The optimum temperature and pH for the laccase activity were observed to be 25°C at a pH of 7.0 respectively with a stability range of 20-30°C temperature and pH of 7.0-8.0. S. baltica strain JD0705 was used in the biological delignification of rice husk powder and promoted the hydrolysis of rice husk powder to obtain more liberating sugar content. The findings from this study indicated that feasibility of using this ligninolytic bacterium for the production of laccase and the delignification of lignocellulosic plant biomass.
Flowering and fruit quality characteristics in some seeded and seedless pummelo cultivars
Authors: Kalsum Ummu , Susanto Slamet , Junaedi Ahmad , Khumaida Nurul , Purnamawati Heni
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Kalsum U, Susanto S, Junaedi A, Khumaida N, Purnawawati H. 2021. Flowering and fruit quality characteristics in some seeded and seedless pummelo cultivars. Biodiversitas 22: 379-386. Most of the pummelo cultivars with seeds, while other parts of it are seedless. Each cultivar is thought to have his characteristics. This study aimed to obtain more detailed information related to the difference in flowering characteristics and fruit quality of seeded and seedless pummelo cultivars. This experiment used a randomized block design with four treatments, i.e., seeded pummelo (Adas Duku and Bali Merah 1) and seedless pummelo (Bali Merah 2 and Jawa 1). The results showed an irregular pattern in the flowering and harvesting period in both the seeded and seedless groups. Adas Duku blooms twice whereas Bali Merah 1 and the two cultivars of the seedless group bloom only once a year. The highest total flower number from the four cultivars was Adas Duku and followed by Jawa 1>Bali Merah 1>Bali Merah 2. Seeded pummelo was not significant difference with seedless pummelo on several variables, except the total titrable acidity (TTA) content (seeded group > seedless group). Adas Duku became the best cultivar compared to the other three cultivars in several characteristics, such as the lowest peel thickness, the highest in the edible portion, the total soluble solids (TSS) and TTA of flesh fruit.
Drought tolerance selection of GT1 rubber seedlings with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000
Authors: PASARIBU SYARIFAH AINI , Basyuni Mohammad , PURBA EDISON , HASANAH YAYA
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Pasaribu SA, Basyuni M, Purba E, Hasanah Y. 2021. Drought tolerance selection of GT1 rubber seedlings with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000. Biodiversitas 22: 394-400. Tolerance of the rootstock of rubber to drought stress is not optimal. The root system can therefore be used as an indicator of drought tolerance to inhibit the growth of the plant. A good root system of rubber rootstocks is thought to help the plants acquire greater resistance to drought stress. Polyethylene glycol 6000 osmotic solution controls the water potential in the growing medium. This study aimed to analyze the effect of PEG 6000 osmotic solution (0%; 7.5%; and 15% concentration) on rubber seedlings leading to the development of morphological characters and sensitivity index. GT1 (Gondang Tapen 1) rubber seeds to be used as planting material were collected from the seed source garden of PT Socfin Indonesia. The study was carried out from January to February 2019, using a non-factorial randomized block design. The morphological characters observed were tapped root length, shoot height, the increased rate of taproot length, shoot height increase rate, ratio of taproot length, and shoot height. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, discriminant, and drought stress sensitivity index. The results showed that the addition of PEG 6000 in planting media in vitro significantly influenced the character of the rate of increase of taproot length. The sensitivity index of taproot increase rate and the ratio of taproot length and shoot height was moderate at 7.5% levely contrast, the addition of PEG 6000 in planting media in vitro did not significantly impact it. The present study suggested that the rate of increase of taproot length was a distinguishing character showing the initial tolerance level of the GT1 seedlings to drought.
Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia
Authors: Dian Takarina Noverita , Sinaga Ika Lina , Kulsum Tri Rifqoh Umi
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Takarina ND, Sinaga IL, Kultsum TR. 2021. Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 401-407. Artisanal mining usually occurs in gold mining activities near the river banks and consequently, this will affect the downstream ecosystem include riparian habitat and its plant diversity. Here, this study aimed to assess the effects of artisanal mining sites on the riparian plant diversity in Cikidang River, Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted by placing 10 sampling stations along 4 km of Cikidang River with width of 20 m. Riparian plant species were collected and identified from 10 m x 10 m sampling plots in each station. Plant diversity was assessed using Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalef, and Pielou indices. There were in total 18 families and 42 plant species have been identified. Compositae and Poaceae were plant families that common here. Ageratum conyzoides was the most common species followed by Impatiens platypetala, Cibadium surinamense, Wollastonia biflora, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Pityrogramma calomelanos. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the range of 1.040-1.561. There was a positive correlation between riparian diversity with the distance to mining sites with decreasing diversity trends toward artisanal mining sites. Riparian habitats located far (> 1 km) from the mining sites have more species. While species observed in riparian habitats near (0.3-1 km) the mining sites were accounted only for 26.1% of total species found. To conclude, the presence of artisanal mining sites can affect the nearby riparian plant diversity.
Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera added into culture media on the growth and nutritional values of Phronima pacifica, a natural fish-feed crustacean
Authors: Herawati Vivi Endar , Pinandoyo Pinandoyo , Ariati Restiana Wisnu , Rismaningsih Nurmanita , Windarto Seto , Prayitno Slamet Budi , Darmanto Y.S. , Radjasa Ocky Karna
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Herawati VE, Pinandoyo, Ariyati RW, Rismaningsih N, Windarto S, Prayitno SB, Darmanto YS, Radjasa OK. 2021. Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera added into culture media on the growth and nutritional values of Phronima pacifica, a natural fish-feed crustacean Biodiversitas 22: 424-431. Phronima pacifica is a microcrustacean commonly used as natural feed in fish farming as it has high nutrient contents and is suitable based on larval fish mouth gap size and mass cultivation capacity. However, P. pacifica is not produced optimally and its supply is inadequate, so that P. pacifica culturing techniques need to be improved. The culture of P. pacifica is mostly done using sea grape seaweed (Caulerpa lentillifera). The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal stocking density of C. lentillifera added into media culture on the growth and nutritional values of P. pacifica. We applied a complete random design experiment with four treatments of stocking density of C. lentillifera (i.e., 0 g/m2 (Control), 20 g/m2, 40 g/m2, and 60 g/m2) with 3 replicates for each treatment. The following parameters were analyzed, namely specific growth rate (SGR) of C. lentillifera, and the growth, biomass, growth rate, proximate analysis, and amino and fatty acid concentrations of P. pacifica. This study found that the addition of C. lentillifera into culture media significantly enhanced the growth of P. pacifica. The highest effect on the growth was observed in the treatment of 60 g/m2 with C. lentillifera SGR value of 4.76 ± 0.12%/day, and P. pacifica growth rate, population density and biomass of 4.41 ± 0.12 ind/day, 53.81 ± 8.79 ind/L, and 1.14 ± 0.14 g, respectively. Similarly, the highest protein and fat contained in P. pacifica was obtained in the treatment of 60 g/m2 with 60.23% protein and 10.24% fat. Furthermore, the highest fatty acid profile was C20: 5n-3 of 13.23% ± 0.08% and amino acid profile of 45.23% ± 0.01%. The application of the optimal stocking density of C. lentillifera in culture media could increase the growth and nutritional quality of P. pacifica which in turn could enhance aquaculture productivity.
Potential analysis of location, socio-culture and biodiversity as ecotourism attraction in Valentine Bay on Buano Island, West Seram, Maluku, Indonesia
Authors: Siahaya Martha E. , Matius Paulus , Aipassa Marlon I , Rayadin Yaya , Ruslim Yosep , APONNO HENDRIK S.E.S.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Siahaya ME, Matius P, Aipassa MI, Rayadin Y, Ruslim Y, Aponno HSES. 2021. Potential analysis of location, socio-culture and biodiversity as ecotourism attraction in Valentine Bay on Buano Island, West Seram, Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 438-448. This study aims to analyze the potential of flora and fauna in the mangrove ecosystem as an attraction for ecotourism development, knowing the role of stakeholders in supporting ecotourism development strategies in the mangrove area of Valentine Bay in Buano island, West Seram, Maluku (Moluccas), Indonesia. Based on the results of the study, it was found that (i) The mangrove vegetation had 28 species of plants under 19 families. Vegetation at the level of seedlings, saplings, and trees was found, the dominant species being Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Xylocarpus granatum. The diversity of animals in the Valentine Bay mangrove ecosystem consist of birds, insects, reptiles, mollusks, crustaceans, echinoderms, fish, and mammals. Furthermore, there was an endemic fauna of Buano island, namely the Kehicap buano/black-chinned monarch bird (Symposiachrus boanensis) which has started to become rare, and was declared as critically endangered (CR) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources; (ii) Stakeholder involvement in ecotourism activities were very supportive; (iii) Development strategies were to develop ecotourism, promote ecotourism attractiveness, develop educational tourism and promote study on the diversity of flora, fauna, culture, and traditional customs on Buano island.
Status of biodiversity in wetlands of Biswanath District of Assam, India
Authors: KAKATI RANJIT , BHUYAN ABHISHEK , Borah Dipankar
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Kakati R, Das N, Bhuyan A, Borah D. 2021. Status of biodiversity in wetlands of Biswanath District of Assam, India. Biodiversitas 22: 453-472. Reports on biodiversity of a region are the firsthand data to understand the assemblage, importance, and to follow conservation inputs. The present study was aimed to document and analyze the wetland biodiversity of Biswanath District of Assam, India. Data was collected from 27 wetland habitats from 2015-2019. A total of 235 taxa were recorded, of which 79 taxa (77 species, one variety, and one subspecies) were vascular plants, 83 water birds, 47 fishes, 7 amphibians, 18 reptiles, and 2 mammals. None of the plants and amphibians fall under any of the threatened categories as per IUCN Red List 2020. However, among the bird species, 2 species are assessed as endangered, 4 species as vulnerable, and 10 species as near threatened. Among the fishes, 2 are vulnerable and 3 near threatened. Among the reptiles one is extinct in the wild (EW), 3 endangered and 3 are vulnerable. Along with the checklist of the present biodiversity, past and present population trends, as well as earlier records from Assam of the threatened species, is provided. The results of this study can be used by stakeholders for species identification and as the baseline taxonomic account for future studies on the conservation of these wetland species in a global context.
Agronomic performance and pod shattering resistance of soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors
Authors: Krisnawati Ayda , Adie Muchlish
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Krisnawati A, Adie MM. 2021. Agronomic performance and pod shattering resistance of soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors. Biodiversitas 22: 474-481. Climate change impacts agricultural production, including the increase of the yield loss in soybean due to pod shattering. This research aimed to identify the pod shattering resistance and agronomic performance of several soybean genotypes with various pod and seed colors. A total of 100 soybean genotypes were planted in Malang (East Java, Indonesia) during the dry season 2019. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The pod shattering resistance was assessed using the oven-dry method. The pod shattering resistance of 97 genotypes were classified into 20 very resistant genotypes, 17 resistant genotypes, 15 moderate genotypes, nine susceptible, and 36 very susceptible genotypes. The pod colors did not affect the pod shattering resistance in soybean. The new findings from this study, i.e., two very resistant genotypes (G42 and G15) which produce high yield and have medium maturity, were suggested to be developed as new cultivars, meanwhile, the other very resistant genotypes can be used in the soybean breeding program to develop shattering resistant cultivar with desirable traits.
Short Communication: New distributional record of Phyllanthus securinegoides Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) and Rinorea niccolifera Fernando (Violaceae) of Homonhon Island, Philippines
Authors: Romeroso Roanne , TANDANG DANILO N. , NAVARRETE IAN A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Romeroso RB, Tandang DN, Navarrete IA. 2021. Short Communication: New distributional record of Phyllanthus securinegoides Merr. (Phyllanthaceae) and Rinorea niccolifera Fernando (Violaceae) of Homonhon Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 501-506. Homonhon Island is an ultramafic forest island located on the east coast of Guiuan, Eastern Samar, Philippines. Due to the naturally rich deposit of Ni and Cr ore, the island is affected by mining activities where metallophytes thrive. These metallophytes have the potential to use in mining industries for ecological restoration. However, metallophytes are least documented in the Philippines. Phyllanthus securinegoides Merr. and Rinorea niccolifera Fernando is some of the metallophytes mostly documented in Surigao, Palawan, and Zambales, Philippines, but are not yet recorded in Samar. Moreover, these metallophytes are considered as new distribution records of metallophytes in the Philippines island. These plant resources must be conserved due to their physiological uniqueness. The study provides photographs and other relevant information of the collected species to compare the previous and present collections based on the previous and available literature.
Referenzielle Kohärenz: Diskrepanz zwischen Theorie und Vermittlung.
Authors: Averintseva-Klisch Maria , Bryant Doreen , Peschel Corinna
Published: January 2021

Secondary school graduates are expected to write coherent texts for their respective occupations and other purposes later in life. Schooling should therefore prepare them adequately for this. It is thus paradoxical that textbooks for German provide pupils with very few explicit didactic instructions on how to write coherent texts. This applies in particular to referential coherence.

Our article aims to contribute to the appropriate teaching of referential coherence in its complexity. To this end, first, the functions and the actual forms of referential means are examined in detail, from which the requirements for classroom instruction are derived. Next, textbook excerpts are examined to see whether and to what extent they meet these requirements.

Our analysis shows that the way coherence is dealt with in textbooks is far from matching either linguistic or didactic demands. Very little attention is paid to form-function relationships. In some cases, tasks are even designed in such a manner that they lead pupils in the wrong direction and are thus counterproductive for the development of suitable writing or text skills.
Ideologies in Nigerian Stand-up Comedy
Authors: Finali Ibukun , Ajayi Temitope Michael
Published: January 2021

The bond between language and ideology has caught the attention of discourse analysts. Investigating this bond, discourse analysts have further demonstrated that everyday interactions are embedded in and with different ideologies. Likewise, the performance of humour is motivated by the interlocutors’ ideological inclinations. On the strength of these propositions, this study attempts a critical analysis of the ideologies in selected Nigerian stand-up comedy routines (NSC), with particular reference to Fairclough and Wodak’s notions of ideology in discourse. Routines were purposively selected from editions of “Night of a Thousand Laughs” (NTL), the earliest stand-up event and a stand-up comedy road show in Nigeria, so as to focus on the performances of practicing and professional stand-up comedians in the country. Two categories of ideologies were found in NSC routines: the first relates to the art of comedy performance while the second relates to the country’s sociocultural context. In the first category, the comedians project stand-up comedy as a “dignified” profession, while in the second, they draw from sociocultural beliefs in order to project their ideologies about gender, ethnicity and the political class.
Authentizitätsnormen: DGS-Hochsprachlichkeit neu konzeptualisiert
Authors: Jaeger Hanna
Published: January 2021

Both in the academic literature as well in everyday life, the concepts “authenticity” and “norm” are used, but seldom explicitly defined. What is more, at first sight they might not even be regarded as linked. Synoptically considering the findings of three studies on various aspects of authenticity in relation to German Sign Language (Deutsche Gebärdensprache, DGS), the paper explores how both concepts are connected. It will be shown that there are a number of linguistic and para-linguistic features that are perceived as indexical of authentic signing by deaf DGS signers. Drawing on the conceptual distinction between “standard language” (Standardsprache) and “high language” (Hochsprache) introduced by Gloy (1993), it will be argued that whilst these DGS features can be ascribed normative character corresponding to “high language”, these are not to be confused with “standard DGS”. Apart from newly introducing the concept of “norms of authenticity” (Authentizitätsnormen) in DGS, the paper offers new perspectives in that it will be demonstrated on the basis of sign language data that “standard language” and “high language” may – but in no way necessarily have to – correspond to the same linguistic realizations.
Antisymmetry and word order in double object constructions in Zarma
Authors: Jayeola Waheed Ayisa
Published: January 2021

Double Object Construction in Zarma sometimes allows alternations in the order of its internal arguments and the order in some cases may also be fixed. This tendency does not make predictions about a canonical order for the occurrence of Theme and Recipient objects within the VP simple. The same condition applies to monotransitive structures which vary between a complement-head and a head-complement order. It is the aim of this paper to present and analyse the most salient features of the kind of variations found in Zarma word order, particularly the ones associated with the verb that encodes three-participant events. The paper adopts the minimalist program proposed by Chomsky and is complemented with the Antisymmetry Hypothesis proposed by Kayne (1994). The study shows that the language has a uniform linear order where the recipient canonically precedes the theme on the basis of animacy factor. This is particularly common with the pronoun as the recipient in double object structures. Employing different diagnostics, the paper concludes that the recipient only follows the theme when the theme is associated with a more prominent discourse status. It is also argued that asymmetric C-command always occurs between the theme and the recipient. It implies that the language symmetry is altered by movement to designated positions for the purpose of feature checking.
Proverbs and Figurative Expressions as Markers of Feminist Ideology in Selected Femi Osofisan Plays
Authors: Olusola Akinmameji Oluwayemisi
Published: January 2021

Literature abounds on the way gender issues are foregrounded in both literary and non-literary texts. Many of these studies, especially from the linguistic perspective, fail to pay attention to how proverbs and figurative expressions are used to expose feminist ideology in discourse. This study, therefore, considers the way these cultural elements are used to ex-press the feminist beliefs of Femi Osofisan in some of his drama texts to lend credence to the argument that every genre of text and talk is capable of bearing ideological nuances. The study deploys Norman Fairclough’s socio-cultural model of CDA which incorporates aspects of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) as theoretical model. Three of Osofisan’s drama texts, which mostly express his feminist tendencies; Morountodun, YungbaYungba and the Dance Contest and Tegonni: An African Antigone are purposively sampled to explain the expressive capabilities of women. Proverbs and figurative expressions are subjected to descriptive linguistic analysis to bring out the underlying gender rhetoric. Osofisan projects women’s ability to use proverbs and figures of speechto express power. There is the overrid-ing feminist ideology of women as expressive and dynamic in the texts.
Internet-Memes als multimodale Sprechakte in öffentlichen Diskursen anhand von Beispielen aus Antwortthreads von @realDonaldTrump
Authors: Osterroth Andreas
Published: January 2021

Internet memes are highly relevant for digital communications but there is not much re-search about their pragmatic uses. Besides being texts, memes are also multimodal speech acts. They are very similar to the speech acts Searle described, but there are some differ-ences. The communicative function of memes is in accord with Keller’s principle for social success, which is aimed for by all speakers. It is shown that people on Twitter use memes as speech acts when replying to Donald Trump’s Tweets. The difference between meme speech acts and traditional speech acts is their emphasis on the expressive function. While the meme speech acts can take any of Searle’s described functions, there is almost always an expressive element to be found.
Aktionsverben im inter- und intralingualen Vergleich:
Authors: Gärtig-Bressan Anne-Kathrin
Published: January 2021

This paper examines transparent and non-transparent diminutive forms in Akan and the range of meanings associated with each group, as presented in Appah/Amfo (2011). It takes the discussion of Akan diminutives a step further by showing that some of the meanings communicated by transparent diminutive forms are dependent on the context, including the semantic properties of the base to which the diminutive morpheme is attached. In addition, it demonstrates that even though the non-transparent diminutive forms communicate diminu-tive meanings and contain what appears to be the Akan diminutive morpheme, synchronical-ly they are formally unanalyzable since the putative diminutive morpheme cannot be deline-ated from the base. Also, it is argued that these forms have come from a lexicalization pro-cess that resulted in the reanalysis of the base+diminutive morpheme as a single unanalyza-ble unit. It is observed that the process of lexicalization could have been facilitated by a number of factors, including the loss of the bases from the language, which meant that the putative base could only be found in the context of their diminutive use. Finally, the lexical-ization process is schematized using formalism from Construction Morphology.
Rechtspopulistische Rhetorik revisited am Beispiel der FPÖ-Wahlkämpfe in den Jahren 2015 und 2016
Authors: Lehner Sabine
Published: January 2021

Right wing and far right parties have recently succeeded in many elections worldwide. The Austrian Freedom Party (Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs, FPÖ), one of the most successful right-wing populist parties of Europe, has lately also enjoyed great popularity in regional and national elections. Norbert Hofer, the FPÖ-candidate, even made it to the run-offs of the presidential election in 2016. This paper draws on a discourse-analytical approach and investigates the discursive strategies implemented by the FPÖ during two election campaigns (the 2015 local elections in Vienna and the 2016 presidential elections). Based on various discursive events of both campaigns (speeches, posters, TV-discussions etc.), this contribution examines if recent right-wing populist rhetoric corresponds to well-known patterns or if there have been some shifts.
La construcción del espacio turístico a través de la fraseología metafórica
Authors: Piccioni Sara , Pontrandolfo Gianluca
Published: January 2021

This article explores the metaphorical strategies conveyed by phraseological units in a subsection of the Linguaturismo corpus (Calvi 2011). Through a quali-quantative analysis, metaphorical phraseological units related to space were identified and classified, with a view to identifying the persuasive strategies necessary to create the image of the tourist destination in the reader/traveler's mind.The analysis followed a three-step methodology: a) semi-automatic elaboration of a list of potentially metaphorical N-grams; b) identification of phraseological patterns in the N-grams according to syntactic criteria (Corpas Pastor 1996); c) classification of metaphorical phraseological units based on the conceptual domain of space used as source domain, as target domain, and as both source and target domains (Lakoff/Johnson 1980).Results show that space metaphors in tourist texts rely on conventional linguistic patterns typical of general language. However, on a conceptual level, they display a functional specialisation as persuasive devices; by placing the readers/tourists at the centre of the communication, metaphors contribute to enhancing their sensorial perception, thus inviting them to visit a destination, buy a tourist service, or do a tourist experience.
Culture-based text analysis in translation.
Authors: Qassem Mutahar , Gurindapalli Vijayasarathi
Published: January 2021

Comprehension can be described as the ability to construct the meaning of a text, spoken or written. Such ability requires a complex mix of linguistic and world knowledge acquired through interactions with the global environment, transcending language, and cultural translation barriers. In addition, translation schools propose various models to address the difficulties inherent in comprehending the source text (ST) by using analysis from the linguistic, sociolinguistic, or cognitive perspectives. On the basis of translation schools’ models of text analysis, this study similarly attempts to provide a corpus-based analysis of culture-based texts from authentic sources (i. e. British online news). Results corroborate that the comprehension of culture- based texts can be attained through textual and lexical analyses. Further, the cultural, linguistic, sociolinguistic, and cognitive perspectives of translation can be employed to create a positive interaction between the internal and external components of a ST text on the one hand, and a translator on the other hand. Drawing on the multimodality of text analysis, this study attempts to offer a practical model for culture-based text analysis that can be applied at a translation class or course level.
Phraseografie und Korpusanalyse
Authors: Stumpf Sören
Published: January 2021

The following article gives an overview of the weak points in the lexicographical coverage of phrasemes. The main problem with previous phraseography is that the dictionary entries are not based on comprehensive corpus analyses of actual language use. Hence I make a case for a “corpus-based phraseography” (Steyer 2010) and in using selected examples, I demonstrate how a pragmatic approach that is focused on actual language use can help to improve the lemmatization of formulaic expressions. This also shows which consequences and changes may occur from a corpus-analytical point of view as compared to the traditional phraseographical approach. For this purpose, I use the German reference corpus/Deutsches Referenzkorpus and the analysis system COSMAS II. Central to my analysis are the phenomena that have scarcely received any attention: the differentiation of modifications and phrase schemata, the valence spectrum of phrasemes as well as formulaic expressions with unique components.
Ausdrücke in Anführungszeichen als Verfestigungen.
Authors: Dreesen Philipp
Published: January 2021

This study raises the question of whether formulaic expressions always consist of at least two words. It is argued that pragmatics should also consider paraverbal graphematical signs. Some present German expressions are emphased in quotation marks for political and possibly critical reasons (e. g. „Drittes Reich“, „zivilisiert“). They form their own kind of formulaicity, because it is not quotation. The identification of quotations is only one function of quotation marks. Other meta-pragmatic functions of quotation marks are – if at all – only contextual and often not distinct. This includes, for example, the so-called „application with reservation“ and the „term with reservation“, as examples from the German colonial period show (e. g. „wild“, „dunkler Welttheil“). For this reason, corpus-based analyses of these formulaic expressions will also require contextual interpretations in the future.
Gefühlte Wirklichkeit.
Authors: Schröter Juliane
Published: January 2021

The article proceeds on the assumption that new phrasemes are a specifically enlightening research object for studies at the intersection of phraseology, pragmatics and corpus linguistics. Following recent theoretical approaches in phraseology, phrasemes can be understood as fixed expressions with a communicative function that satisfies a socially shared communicative demand. As such, new phrasemes might potentially allow for new insights into the culture – i. e., roughly speaking, the larger social contexts – of their development and existence. To test this idea, the article presents a corpuspragmatic study of the German phraseme gefühlte ([...]) SUB,objektives‘ empirisches Phänomen, which has come into existence in the 1990s only, and attempts a cultural interpretation of the results. It concludes with a critical evaluation to what extend such a cultural analysis of a new phraseme seems feasible.
„Gesagt. Getan.“
Authors: Danler Paul
Published: January 2021

An orator tries to turn his/her personal point of view into a generally accepted one using a variety of rhetorical means; one of which is argumentation. However, since the relationship between rhetoric and argumentation is somewhat controversial, I will first of all try to identify the role of argumentation within rhetoric. After that, I will briefly discuss the nature of a wide range of argumentation schemes. Arguments have been classified in different ways. One very convincing and effective way is that suggested by Kienpointner. I will present his typology, which will afterwards serve as basis for my empirical analysis of an important speech given by Hitler on February 1st, 1933. I have identified ten groups of argumentative structures in this speech, which will be discussed and illustrated by numerous examples.

My main concern of the analysis is the pragmatic aspect of the political speech. The key question is what changes for the audience after listening to that speech? The audience gets new information or maybe familiar information but from a new point of view, and this will have some influence on the audience’s future outlook.
Politische Persuasion im europäischen Parlament: Deutsch-Italienisch im Vergleich
Authors: Cinato Lucia
Published: January 2021

What strategies do politicians use to convey their ideas and convince the audience of what they say? How are these devices received by interpreters and, above all, how are they interpreted? In my article, I will use some speeches delivered by German-speaking members of the European Parliament to examine how the language of politics and the persuasion strategies of politicians are expressed and how simultaneous interpreting can reproduce these strategies. In the latter, due to temporal and other constraints, not all elements of the original oral text can be reproduced, such as wordplay, word formation and rhetorical figures at the lexical level and information structure at the syntactic level. If the oral speeches are then reproduced in written form, as is usual at the European Parliament, certain content and language strategies can be recovered, but only in this later phase, which definitely loses some features of the spoken language. The question to be investigated in this article is: is it possible to reproduce, in a convincing manner, the message of a source text even if elements of persuasion strategies are missing? Pragmatic, textual and linguistic-system considerations will illustrate the theoretical framework with the aid of concrete examples
Sprachliche Persuasionsmittel der rechtspopulistischen Propaganda gestern und heute
Authors: Gannuscio Vincenzo
Published: January 2021

Persuasion is the central element of political propaganda of all times. From a historical point of view, it is a fact that, especially in conflict situations, the hegemonic actors adopt specific techniques and language choices for purposes of propaganda. The question of interest is in what ways and to what extent they are used in a targeted manner in order to influence different types of low- and middle-class audiences. A well-documented example is the persuasive use of language in Nazi propaganda before and during World War II. In this context, our question is whether past and present-day propagandistic and electoral campaigns make recourse to the same linguistic devices and strategies in order to persuade their intended audience. To this purpose, we shall concentrate on Hitler’s propaganda by primarily drawing on Victor Klemperer's (1933–1945) diaries and compare his linguistic observations to a corpus of campaigning speeches and programs by the German right-wing populist party AfD (Alternative für Deutschland).
Flexibilisierung und Persuasion
Authors: Rocco Goranka
Published: January 2021

The article illustrates and compares some of the persuasive strategies of the political and entre­preneurial discourse on labour market flexibilization in different contexts: within the political discourse on labour market reforms and on socio-democratic/leftist basic values, and within the entrepreneurial communication and self-presentation (job advertisements, annual relations, per­sonnel manager guides).
Persuasionsstrategien in der Gesundheitskommunikation.
Authors: Magris Marella , Ross Dolores
Published: January 2021

So far, linguistic and translational studies on medical communication have mostly foregrounded the referential function prevailing in texts of this domain. On the contrary, the relatively young discipline of health communication has been paying great attention to persuasive aspects, as shown by the fact that some definitions of the discipline itself and/or of its subject explicitly mention the influence on attitudes and behaviour as one of the goals. The present paper tries to bring these different perspectives closer to each other by adopting a content-based typology of persuasive strategies and applying it to a linguistic analysis in three languages, i. e. German, Italian and Dutch. The analysis has been carried out on a small corpus of vaccination brochures, as immunisation is currently one of the most debated topics of public health, and therefore an area where persuasion can play a far from secondary role. The comparison between the three languages will highlight some analogies, but also some differences which can be of relevance for translators and other language experts working in this field.
Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt im Hoch- und Oberrheinalemannischen Südwestdeutschlands
Authors: Leonhard Jens
Published: January 2021

In this paper I discuss the tenses Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt in spoken High Alemannic and Upper-Rhine Alemannic in south-western Germany with a usage-based approach and a statistical evaluation. I show that both Doppelperfekt and Plusquamperfekt have a past perfect meaning, i. e. they refer to a point of time in the past placed before another point of time in the past. Furthermore, I account for a language change in the timespan from 1974 to 2013 in which the Plusquamperfekt becomes more frequent in relation to the Doppelperfekt. Additionally, I show that speakers use the Doppelperfekt in the old data with both auxiliaries (sein and haben), and in the new data only with the auxiliary haben. In contrast to this, the Plusquamperfekt is used in the old data only with the auxiliary sein, and in the new data with both auxiliaries sein and haben. These results could lead to the conclusion that the Doppelperfekt und Plusquamperfekt cannot exist simultaneously in an equivalent manner.