bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARTIFACTS OF THE LATE BROZE AGE FROM MOKHNACH П SETTLEMENT
Authors: Korokhina A. V. , Koloda V. V.
Published: January 2020

The article aims to introduce new finds of the Late Bronze Age from Mokhnach П settlement site at the Sіverskyi Donets river.
Two archaeological object (pits 27 and 40) can be dated back to the Late Bronze Age. Finds are presented mostly by pottery sherds (31 units) discovered mostly in the excavation pit 1.
The research program of the pottery assemblage includes account of its planographic distribution, distribution due to the type of sherds, analysis of shape, ornamentation, size, surface finishing, plastic raw material and paste recipes of vessels. Morphological and ornamentation classifications were built on the basis of the scheme developed on materials of Mosolovka site and the settlements of middle flew of Sіverskyi Donets river. Research of the plastic raw material and paste recipes was conducted using visual microscopic analysis, abridged MGR-analysis and thin-section analysis.
Pottery assemblage includes 4 % of the total number of fragments discovered during excavations. Five pottery forms were identified: restricted and unrestricted jars, pot-like vessels, pots and ribbed vessels. Orifice diameters of jars, pot-like vessels and pots vary from 38.0 to 21.5 cm. Ribbed vessels on average are smaller than mentioned types and form to groups by size (with orifice diameters of 25 and 15—16 cm).
Three techniques and nine elements of ornamentation were identified. Make-up of both surfaces prevails, fine-toothed comb treatment and coarse-toothed comb treatment of Pokrovka type are also presented.
Two pottery fabrics can be distinguished in the assemblage with the naked eye. Five pottery samples were selected for purposes of technological analysis. Observations were conducted using the microscope on cross-cuts and fresh breaks of sherds before and after re-firing. Consequently two groups by features of plastic raw material and two paste recipes were identified. Both paste recipes include grog as an intentional addition.
Due to method of the abridged Matrix Group by Refiring (MGR) analysis the samples were re-fired in controlled conditions up to from 1100 to 1200 °C. The results showed the identity of the matrix of all samples — non-calcareous, slightly over-melted (sovM). Their local production is suggested. The thin-section analysis allowed to clarify technological features of the samples with raw material type 1, paste type 1.
Analyzed ceramic materials present traditions of the Wood-framed Graves entity. They mark new settlement site of the developed stage of the Wood-framed Graves entity and can be dated back to XVII—XVІ BC.
Small size of the ceramic assemblage restricts its informative capacity. The importance of the research lies in testing the program of complex analysis of ceramic assemblages.
CONCERNING THE PROBLEM OF IDENTIFYING THE SСYTHIAN CENTERS OF POWER IN EASTERN EUROPE IN THE VII—VI centuries BC
Authors: Маkhortykh S. V.
Published: January 2020

The analysis of the Scythian burials of the 7th—6th centuries BC in the south of Eastern Europe, allowed the author to identify several groups of monuments located in the North Caucasus and Ukrainian forest-steppe: Central Ciscaucasian, Kuban, Posulsko-Vorsklinskaya and Kyiv-Cherkasskaya. The clusters of kurgans associated with these groups include burials of the Scythian military elite together with large «royal» tumuli.
THE ATTRIBUTION OF FORGOTTEN ASSEMBLAGE FOUND NEAR VASYLKIV VILLAGE
Authors: Babenko L. I. , Lifantii O. V.
Published: January 2020

In 1895 Yulia F. Abaza made the archaeological excavations near Vasylkiv village of Zvenyhorod district. The found materials were given to the Archaeological museum of Kiev Saint Vladimir Imperial University that has not survived till nowadays. In 1899 these artefacts were presented as one Scythian burial mound assemblage at the 11th Archaeological Congress exhibition in Kyiv, though the analysis of collection’s items demonstrate their cultural and historical broad range. There are ca. fifteen vessels of Trypillia and one — of Middle Dnieper cultures. The biggest part of the assemblage under discussion is presented by two horizons of Scythian Age. Also one sword belongs to the Sarmatian culture. This diversity makes impossible to assume belonging of all described items to one archaeological complex.

A little bit later the finials (pole-tops) discovered by Yulia F. Abaza were published as finds from Kaniv district (B. I. and V. A. Khanenko) or as the finds from the Mezhirichka from Balta (A. A. Bobrinskii). The last passport was recognized by scholars and was repeated in a lot of analytical papers. However no paper mentioned these finials among the finds explored by Yu. F. Abaza in 1895 at the barrows near Mezhirichka village. It is absolutely clear now that their interpretation as the Mezhirichka’s finds was mistaken. The arguments on the matter are fully described in the paper.

Now due to our «investigation» the main part of collection of Yulia F. Abaza’s excavation in 1895 in Zvenyhorod district was reinvented again. Now almost all artefacts from this works near Vasylkiv village (modern Cherkasy Region of Ukraine) are kept in National Museum of Ukrainian History. The one finial was given in 1950 to M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum.
BARROW 6 OF VODOSLAVKA BURIAL GROUND. THE GRAVE OF SCYTHIAN NOBILITY
Authors: Kuprii S. O. , Lifantii O. V. , Shelekhan O. V.
Published: January 2020

This is the first publication of the barrow 6 of burial ground placed near Vodoslavka village in Novotroitskyi district of Kherson Oblast of Ukraine. Under the small mound of soil 1.4 m height two wealthy persons were buried in the same catacomb with two entering pits. Due to stratigraphy observation, the funeral rate in this case had two phases. Firstly, the body of Scythian noble warrior was placed in the grave in his armour and with weapon. Near him on the West his horse was putted in separate small grave. Some time since, the woman’s corpse dressed in ceremonial gown with gold decoration was placed near man in his grave. Lately, the grave was robbed (probably not long time since funeral rates). But robbers used the second entering pit for their purpose. It is very uncommon, that after taking some of the grave goods and disturbing the upper part of bodies, thefts have leaved in the second entering pit the animal sacrifice (?) — horse corpse.

The grave goods demonstrate the high social level of the two Scythians. The man was buried with representative set of weapon: set of ranged weapon, spears and javelins, scaled armour and antique greaves. On the woman’s skeleton the number of gold clothes decorations were recorded. Besides that, the set of silver table ware was found inside the catacomb, and the entrance to the grave was lock with wagon parts.

The analysis of the gold appliquйs and rings, armour, weapon and silver vessels shows the time of burial — second—third quarter of the 4th century BC. The area, where these noble Scythians found their last resting place, was strategically important at that time. This barrow was built on the way that leaded from the Bosporan Kingdom to the center of the Scythia in the Dnieper River area.
STUDENETS-BUCHATSKA — THE NEW SETTLEMENT OF SCYTHIAN PERIOD IN THE MID-DNIEPER BASIN
Authors: Kushtan D. P. , Kuzmich D. V.
Published: January 2020

The paper introduces the archaeological materials discovered in 2018 on the territory of Studenets village of Kaniv district, Cherkasy region. Here, along Buchatska Street, the site of Scythian Age was stumbled upon while digging the water-pipe trench. The site included the accumulation of ceramic vessels, laying compactly on the same level. Some of them were turned upside down (fig. 4).

In total six vessels have been discovered (fig. 6). Three of them are kitchen pots ornamented with finger-prints on the edge and neck. Three other vessels are tableware with more thorough surface: two pots and a black-glazed conical bowl. The typological features of the ceramics allow to date the group to the late 5th—4th centuries BC.

The discovered object as well as the surface finds indicate the presence of the Early Iron Age settlement here. It occupied the middle part of the slope of watershed terrace facing to the Dnieper. On both sides the settlement is bounded by the upper spurs of the spring which, connecting with each other, form a stream flowing into the Kaniv reservoir after 2 km. The approximate area of the settlement is about 5 hectares (fig. 2). Most likely, it belongs to the economic district of the Scythian settlement «Viha» with an area of 27 hectares, located 3 km to the northeast, near the village of Buchak (fig. 1).

The materials, being introduced into the scientific circulation, will complement the map of the archeological sites of Trakhtemiriv peninsula, as well as enrich our knowledge of the material and spiritual culture of the ancient population lived here in the Early Iron Age
PROBLEM OF FUNERAL RITES OF THE POPULATION OF SCYTHIAN AGE IN THE SEYM RIVER BASIN
Authors: Bilynskyi O. O.
Published: January 2020

The author analyzed the problem of burial sites of the population of Scythian Age in the Seym region. Currently there are several locations associated with the local population. These are the burial sites from the Moiseevo and Maritsa hillforts and the necropolis near Dolinske village. The burials from the Moiseevo hillfort probably date back to the medieval times and the necropolis at the Maritsa settlement belonged to the Yukhniv culture. According to the available data, burial in the territory of this site was carried out after the hillfort ceased to function as a settlement — ca. 4th century BC. Necropolis near the Dolynske village is well known in the literature as an example of ground burials of the forest-steppe population of Scythian Age. However, detailed analysis of the circumstances of discovery of burials and the grave goods suggests that the burials were actually covered by the mounds but they did not survive due to the removal of soil. The grave goods is reminiscent of the nearby Sula necropolises. The lack of common burial sites in the region prompts the search for other burial rites. Traditionally cremations with the further dispersal of ashes are the common types of burial that do not leave visible burial sites but despite the complexity of their detection there are still no finds that would indicate this rite. The fragments of human bones at Shyryaevo, Kuzina Gora and Moiseyevo hillforts are the only hints that could indicate this. A round amulet which was made of human skull bone was discovered at the latter. Stray finds of human remains occurred at the sites of the entire forest-steppe territory in Scythian Age and many sites of Central Europe but the irregularity of such finds at the Seym region demonstrate that they could not be a mandatory consequence of a certain burial rite. The wide variety of analogies offers the options for the reconstruction of special burial practices that could lead to the deposition of human bones. By analogy with other cultures, the cannibalism, temporary burial at the site, and the deliberate storage of bones that may have been obtained from the burials can be assumed.
CHERTOMLYK AND KOZEL: BARROWS, HORSES AND CROSSING
Authors: Perevodchikova E. V. , Firsov K. B.
Published: January 2020

According to Dr. Yu. Boltrik’s works the Scythian royal barrows were situated on the high places (watersheds) as well as along the roads. One of the biggest roads marked by Oguz, Solokha, Kozel, Chertomlyk and Alexandropol barrows run in meridional direction and crossed the Dnieper. The Dnieper crossing was a start point in barrow creation: the later is a barrow, the more distant from the Dnieper crossing it is placed. Kozel and Chertomlyk barrows situated across the Dnieper (Kozel on the left coast, Chertomlyk — on the right one), both dated to the second half of the 4th century BC, are similar in planigraphy, quantity of buried horses and some details of their arrangement.

In both barrows the horses were buried in special tombs situated to the West of the central tomb. Each horse tomb consisted of three large rectangular separate pits formed a line situated North-South.

In both cases 11 horses were buried. Their bridles were made of two metals: of silver and gold in Chertomlyk and of bronze and silver — in Kozel. Some had also saddles with golden plates and some had bronze breast (neck) dressings.

We compared the arrangement of horses in the tombs of Kozel and Chertomlyk concerning the Dnieper crossing and observed a kind of bilateral symmetry in it. So we may suppose they had in mind this crossing not only constructing barrows but burying horses too.

River crossing in archaic cultures is a border dangerous to overcome. Because of that some rituals should be performed and some constructions installed at that place. Near the Dnieper crossing a group of Scythian barrows is known. The Dnieper direction in this place is latitudinal and the direction of road — meridional, so the place of crossing looks like a center of sacred space, and the way to it is also sacred.

So we do not except the Dnieper crossing was significant for arranging horses’ tombs in Kozel and Chertomlyk barrows.
SYMBOLIC MEANING OF METAL CAULDRON IN SCYTHIAN BURIAL PRACTICE FROM ETHNOANALOGY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Bielopolska O. A.
Published: January 2020

As historiography shows, sociocultural aspect is the main perspective commonly analyzed in the interpretation of symbolic meaning of Scythian bronze cauldrons. The deposition of such vessels is typical to burials: average barrows of ordinary members of society as well as unique wealthy graves of Scythians with high social status. The hypothesis of sacral symbolic meaning of a cauldron in social perspective is primarily based on some passages by Herodotus (IV, 61 and IV, 81). These written sources merge with general context of archaeological findings — cauldrons are associated with rich grave goods.

Number of scholars made some successful attempts to calculate the size of Scythian cauldrons, correlate it with a reconstructed nomadic food-value and archaeological context (such as high of the mound and grave goods). Therefore, the cauldrons became a definite marker in Scythian society stratification study. But such viewpoint does not explain the urgent need to deposit Scythian bronze vessels during the burial ritual.

The article introduces ethnoanalogy as a method, vital for interpretation of spiritual and ideological nature of artifacts. It is underlined that the approach in choosing analogies in ethnography should be structured and calibrated in order to escape scholar’s personal influence on results and to broaden the range of possible meanings.

Earlier researches failed to find constant features of the cauldron agency in Scythian burial practice and thus to interpret them. The author states that a cauldron possesses certain characteristic features in every case of Scythian burial practice. Such peculiarities include the disposition (namely the main chamber, dromos and household premises), quantity in one grave, quality of a vessel.

Strictly correlated with archaeological data, ethnoanalogy reveals that cauldron’s agency in Scythian burial practice is strongly connected with the Otherworld (votive offerings, border guard), and this symbolic meaning is realized in the concrete context of depositions.
NOTES ON BRONZE POLE-TOPS WITH A GRIFFIN FROM SCYTHIAN ALEKSANDROPOL BARROW
Authors: Alekseev A. Yu. , Minasyan R. S. , Shablavina E. A.
Published: January 2020

The article proposes a scheme and algorithm for the manufacture of four bronze pole-tops from the Scythian Royal Alexandropol burial mound dated to the second half of the 4th century BC, which can serve as a basis for understanding the manufacturing process or the ancient repair of the similar Scythian replicated products.

There is both a general idea of the manufacture of such bronze pole-tops by casting (according to a wax model or in detachable forms), and private judgments about the nature of castings, the correction of defects and the repair of pole-tops and their parts. But at the same time, specific details of the production process by different researchers (S. V. Polin, B. N. Mozolevsky, A. I. Melyukova, L. I. Babenko, A. R. Kantorovich, V. R. Erlikh, etc.) are assumed different, showing a very colorful picture.

The process of making bronze pole-tops which were similar in composition, but different in the elaboration and decoration, most likely consisted of the following successive steps: creating a stencil of wax models of griffins in a rectangular frame; revision and decoration by hand of some individual parts on the surface of these wax figures (wings, paws, etc.), giving individuality to each object; attachment and molding of wax plugs; closure of the wax model by the clay mold, its drying and firing (?); casting in metal; destruction of clay mold; machining the surface of the casting.

The pole-tops are casted from lead-tin bronze (copper is the base, tin is 9—12 %, lead is 2—3 %, traces of arsenic, iron and nickel). The pole-top (no. Dn 1853 1/6) differs by one feature. On the side edges of the nozzle are high dark triangles with clear boundaries, made by lead-tin plating. On the other objects such ornamentation (?) is not visible.

Thus, the considered pole-tops were made using a single stencil and cast according to a single technical scheme.
POLE-TOPS OF CHMYREVA MOHYLA BARROW
Authors: Popandopulo Z. H.
Published: January 2020

In 1977 on the site of famous burial mound Chmyrеva Mohyla located on the northern outskirts of Velyka Bilozerka village of Zaporizhzhia region three bronze pole-tops with images of gryphons were found by local people on the plowed field. There is no evidence whether other artifacts have been found. Luckily nearby in Gunovka village the expedition of Institute of Archaeology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine was working under the leadership of Yu. V. Boltryk who got the founded artifacts and then sent them to Zaporizhzhia regional museum of local lore, history and economy. The history of excavations of Chmyrеva Mohyla numbers more than a century. They were started by F. A. Braun in 1898, M. I. Veselovskiy (1909—1910) continued the excavations and Yu. V. Boltryk in 1994 completed them. The burial mound has not been excavated in full because of various reasons. The destiny of finds from this barrow was tragic. A lot of artifacts among them silver vessels from the hiding-place which was revealed by M. I. Veselovskiy were lost during the World War II when the collections of Kharkiv historic museum were evacuated.

Scythian bronze pole-tops as one of the most interesting categories of artifacts for a long time attracted attention of scholar world. They were classified by types and date, their significance in funeral ceremony and everyday life was searched for. The questions still remain. In this article we tried to put into scholar circulation a scanty type of pole-tops with the image of pacing gryphon on the pear-shaped little bell which is characteristic only for Steppe Dnieper river region. For today only eight of them are known and most of them are originated from of the burial mounds of high Scythian aristocracy: Tovsta Mohyla, Haimanova Mohyla, Chmyrova Mohyla. Chronologically they are slightly differed from other pole-tops both with the image of deer on pear-shaped little bells from Tovsta Mohyla, and with the image of deer on flat cone bushes from Haimanova Mohyla. The question about the place of production of such pole-tops is still opened. Probably just these types of pole-tops could be produced in one workshop but not all known variety of objects as V. A. Ilinska thought. One of the problems to be solved by researchers is searching for such workshops. But if these objects have been moulded by wax models the task becomes more complicated.
ON THE STUDIES OF THE ZOOMORPHIC IMAGES REPERTOIRE IN THE ART OF INKARDARIA SAKAS
Authors: Jumabekova G. S. , Bazarbaeva G. A.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to zoomorphic images analysis received from the Saka sites of the Eastern Aral Sea region — Uygarak (VII—VI cc. BC) and South Tagisken (VII—V cc. BC). The images were studied by the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition under the guidance of S. P. Tolstov. This material has been due to the fact that now there is an update of the source base of the studies of art objects belonging to the Saka time in the archaeology of the early Iron Age of Kazakhstan.

At present the materials on Uygarak and South Tagisken are still among the sites with a large series of excavated mounds, both in the region and in Kazakhstan. Almost completely excavated burial grounds of the early Iron Age containing a large number of objects in Kazakhstan archaeology are single.

The analysis of the material on Uygarak and Tagisken depicts that objects with zoomorphic decor were found in every burial. In percentage this makes 21 % in Uygarak and 18 % in Tagisken. According to the archaeologists O. A. Vishnevskaya, M. A. Itina, L. T. Yablonsky, who studied the monuments, the mounds were robbed by contemporaries. Consequently, conducting an objective analysis is difficult, but a trial to trace the dynamics of the emergence of objects created in zoomorphic style seems extremely interesting. There is a high probability that a small number of objects with preserved works of ancient art marks complexes belonging to the steppe aristocracy.

Among zoomorphic images, the most common were birds and cat predators. There are objects in the shape of saigas and horses. Images of bears, wolves, deer, argali, wild boars, camels are quite rare. It is worth noting that bird images have never been found in Tagisken materials, and not a single horse and saiga image has been recorded in Uygarak. At the same time, the majority of zoomorphically decorated items are parts of horse equipment.
HORN COMB FROM THE EXCAVATION ON NEMYRIV HILLFORT
Authors: Ocheretnyi S. I.
Published: January 2020

The processing of bone and horn is the pinnacle of handicraft of forest-steppe population of Scythian time. In early Scythian Age the most bone and horn products are represented by elements of horse bridle, household implements and toilet objects in the material culture of the population of Ukraine.

The comb made from horns of deer from the excavations of B. I. Lobai at the Nemyriv hillfort in 1980 is published in the paper. Іts form and ornamentation are analyzed, parallels with similar archetypes of early-Scythian Age throughout the territory of Ukraine are presented. There are two main categories of combs divided according to their function: economic tools and toiletries. Considering the fragile proportions and exquisite ornamentation, this example should be attributed to disparate specimens to the toiletries.

The horn combs of the Scythian time are divided according to their functionality. The most common combs were simple and used for household purposes, for combing wool. They were based on several teeth (5—8 pieces) sometimes with a vertical handle but more often they were a single plate without a handle. Such simple forms of comb are spread throughout the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, in such settlements of the Scythian time as Severinovka, Trakhtemyriv, Bielsk and other.

Dr. G. Smirnova considered analogs of a comb for hairstyles from the Nemyriv settlement. These combs had a vertical handle with a small shield at the end. The number of teeth, unlike commercial combs, is larger (8—10 teeth, sometimes up to 25). The ridges of Perebikovtsi and Novozvedenye II mounds were similar to Nemyrivsky but without ornament. Combs for hairstyles were spread not only among the indigenous population but also among the inhabitants of the Greek Black Sea Policies. But unlike the Scythian combs made of horns, or sometimes of precious metal, the Greeks used wooden combs for their daily consumption.
Periodic Modulation: Newly Emergent Emission Behavior in Pulsars
Authors: Basu Rahul , Mitra Dipanjan , Melikidze Giorgi I.
Published: January 2020

Periodic modulations are seen in normal pulsars (P > 0.1 s) over timescales ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. Such modulations have usually been associated with the phenomenon of subpulse drifting. A number of recent studies have shown subpulse drifting to exhibit very specific physical characteristics: (i) drifting is seen only in conal components of the pulse profile and is absent in central core emission; (ii) drifting pulsars are distributed over a narrow range of spin-down energy loss (

), where pulsars with

2 × 1032 erg s−1 show this behavior; and (iii) drifting periodicity (P
3) is anti-correlated with

, such that pulsars with lower values of

tend to have longer P
3. These detailed characterizations of drifting behavior, on the other hand, also revealed the presence of other distinct periodic modulations, which can be broadly categorized into two types, periodic nulling, and periodic amplitude modulation. In contrast to drifting, these periodic phenomena are seen across the entire profile in both the core and conal components simultaneously and are not restricted to any specific

range. In this work we have assembled an exhaustive list of around 70 pulsars that show such periodic modulations, 22 of which were newly detected using observations from the Giant Meterwave Radio Telescope and the remaining compiled from past publications. The presence of such a significant group in the pulsar population suggests periodic modulations to be newly emergent phenomena in pulsars, with a physical origin that is distinct from that of subpulse drifting.
Analysis of the methods for projection of spaces for good manufacturing practice
Authors: Panovski-Nikoljski Elena , Petanovski Aleksandar , Spiroski Ivo
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND: In this Paper we will present the evolution of the best practice for biobanks, the technical and medical standards for collecting, processing and storing, as well as the socio-economic standards for biobank management.
AIM: The aim of this Thesis is to analyse and to present the methods for projection of spaces for good manufacturing practice.
METHODS: The European Union has adopted guidelines for good manufacturing practice which define the   requirements for manufacturing of sterile products. In the following text we will describe the details for determining microbiological cleanliness and cleanliness of the particles in the air, on the surfaces, etc.
RESULTS: The length of time between the collecting of blood or tissues could affect the final result. The preparation of sterile products requires special conditions, in order the risk of microbiological contamination and certain pyrogenic contaminations to be minimized. We make difference between four levels of guidelines for good manufacturing practice, which in this Paper are taken from the practice of the European Union. Level A is local zone with high-risk procedures, e.g. filling, closing of bottles, opening of ampoules and bottles and making septic connections. Level B is aseptic preparation and filling of the samples. Level C and D are the clean spaces for less critical procedures for preparation of sterile products.
CONCLUSION: Technical standards, medical standards, socio-economic standards for biobank management, informatics practices for biobanks, economic recommendations for biobanks have been established, as well as a quality of biobanks has been provided.
La ville sainte : renommée et image religieuse de Lyon à l’époque moderne
Authors: Guyard Nicolas
Published: January 2020

À partir du xvii e siècle, les élites lyonnaises (re)découvrent leur histoire, dans une construction religieuse qui s’appuie sur les modèles indépassables de Jérusalem et Rome. Cette construction de la renommée de la ville de Lyon comme ville sainte et sacrée s’effectue principalement sous l’impulsion des historiographes locaux, qui mettent en récit la sainteté urbaine et en images par le biais de l’inscription. Ce processus de différenciation apparaît comme un espace d’autonomie face à une monarchie de plus en plus intrusive. Au xviii e siècle, cette image religieuse connaît une forme de sécularisation, avant un retour dans les premières décennies du xix e siècle. Cette renommée sainte, désormais, sert à rendre visible le renouveau militant catholique qui touche la ville de Lyon à cette époque.
Béziers en Languedoc ou les voies de la non-renommée
Authors: Marchal Sidonie
Published: January 2020

Située en Languedoc, la ville de Béziers ne bénéficie aujourd’hui d’aucune renommée particulière. Inscrite dans une démarche historique qui questionne les voies de patrimonialisation des vestiges matériels hérités du passé, cet article interroge les raisons qui peuvent expliquer à Béziers la non-transmission dans la longue durée d’un récit territorial reconnu et partagé. Plusieurs facteurs explicatifs sont ici envisagés : si sur quatre siècles, plusieurs récits territoriaux se succèdent, aucun d’eux ne se fixe dans la durée. L’image de la ville qui perdure toutefois dans les guides et récits de voyage est celle d’une cité renversée ou ruinée et plusieurs fois relevée. Le rapport à l’identité antique de la ville est particulièrement caractéristique de ce renversement : des facteurs culturels, politiques et linguistiques peuvent expliquer cette non-transmission dans la longue durée.
Histoire d’une métamorphose urbaine
Authors: Tellier Thibault
Published: January 2020

Cet article rend compte du cheminement politique qui a conduit Lille et sa région à opérer une transformation en profondeur de son image au cours des années 1970-2000. Territoire jusque-là reconnu pour son caractère avant tout industriel, ce dernier a progressivement évolué vers d’autres formes de développement, notamment culturel. Sous l’impulsion de processus complexes liés à la mutation de l’action publique, c’est bien à une métamorphose urbaine à laquelle on assiste pour le territoire lillois à l’âge post-industriel.
Le port de Marseille dans la première moitié du XVI e siècle
Authors: Maret Auderic
Published: January 2020

L’entretien du port de Marseille entraîne dès la création de la commune de Marseille au xiii  ? siècle une collaboration avec le comte de Provence au regard de l’ampleur de l’entreprise. Suite au transfert de souveraineté de 1481 qui fait de l’ancien comté une province française, cette collaboration est maintenue et se renforce au cours du xvi e siècle en raison de la croissance économique et démographique de la ville mais aussi du contexte méditerranéen qui fait de Marseille une place stratégique. Il s’agit dans cet article d’envisager comment cet entretien du port devient l’objet autour duquel se construit et s’approfondit la relation entre le pouvoir municipal et le souverain.
The Nominal Group Technique: Generating Consensus in Nursing Research
Authors: Cooper Simon , Cant Robyn , Luders Elise , Waters Donna , Henderson Amanda , Hood Kerry , Reid-Searl Kerry , Ryan Colleen , Tower Marion , Willetts Georgina
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this article is to describe the Nominal Group Technique and its application as a consensus-generating approach in nursing research. The approach incorporates face-to-face meetings to explore opinions, generate ideas, and determine priorities. The nominal group technique process, which is based on a study designed to develop a nursing student clinical placement (clinical practicum) evaluation tool, is described. Advantages of the approach include creative face-to-face discussions with minimal resource demands. The nominal group technique is beneficial and can be used to achieve consensus in nursing research, but a lack of anonymity may preclude the process in some investigations.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2020;59(2):65–67.]
Honoring our helpers
Authors: Talanow Roland , Giesel Frederik
Published: January 2020

This special issue of the Journal of Radiology Case Reports honors the reviewers who donated their time and expertise throughout the year 2019 to the high quality and success of this journal.
Validation of Annulus Formation in Golden Shiner Otoliths
Authors: Strickland P. Andrew , Bisping Scott M. , Hatcher Hunter R.
Published: January 2020

Golden Shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas is found in many lakes and ponds across the southeastern United States. Though it is a common species, otolith age validation methods have not been published. The objective of this study was to confirm annulus formation in lapillar otoliths of Golden Shiners collected monthly from September 2015 through August 2016 in Lake Jackson, Florida (Leon County). We collected at least 12 individuals each month of similar length (168–249 mm; presumably of the same cohort) to document annulus formation throughout the year. We sacrificed a total of 177 individuals from the 2013 year class, and we used their lapillar otoliths for marginal incremental analysis to calculate an index of completion and validate annulus formation. The monthly index of completion was highest from January through March and lowest in May and June, indicating that annuli were deposited once per year and confirming that lapillar otoliths are a valid age estimation structure for Golden Shiners.
Exploring Experiential Dimensions and Socio-Economic Impacts of Rural and Mountain Tourism on Local Communities in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Chan Jennifer Kim Lian , Jiran Boniface Doni
Published: January 2020

The chapter explores the key experiential dimensions of rural and mountain tourism and determines the economic and social aspects of rural tourism development on a selected site, namely Melangkap Tiong, an emerging new rural and mountain tourists' destination in Sabah, Malaysia. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section briefly introduces rural and mountain tourism, and reviews the key components of the experiential dimensions of rural tourism and mountain destinations. The second section reports the key experiential dimensions and main economic and social benefits of rural and mountain tourism based on the interview responses from a total of 15 rural tourism operators located in Melangkap Tiong, Sabah, Malaysia.
The Public Sector's Role in Fostering Development in Low-Density Areas
Authors: Braga José Luís , Lopes Jorge Manuel
Published: January 2020

This chapter critically analyzes the public sector action regarding Housing Tourism (HT). The methodology employed was Grounded Theory. The collected data came from 53 non-structured interviews, mainly carried out on site with the owners/hosts of HT houses in Portugal. The relevant results show that the public sector, within the scope of its institutional relationship with the HT ventures: is not promoting effectively the surroundings of manor houses; doesn't assure a sound regulation of this activity, without considering the singular identity of the houses; limits the financing to the HT units according to their renovation projects, their financial sustainability, the host's adherence to the lodging modality in question and the public utility of manor houses. Therefore, authors conclude that the public sector should: legally acknowledge high-quality lodgings only; look after the attractiveness of the areas that surround the houses; lower the bureaucratic burden that affects these houses; encourage touristic activities in the HT houses' surroundings.
Altmetric
Authors: Saravanan S.
Published: January 2020

The primary purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview, importance, and limitations of altmetric, an understudied yet increasingly important arena of study for scholars, academics, and professional researchers. Widespread use of social media tools in the discovery, dissemination, and discussion of research output, altmetric measurements are fast gaining popularity, and they supplement the traditional research metrics by tracking the number of social mentions of research articles. Altmetrics focuses on the publication itself, not the journal or publisher. Citations take time to build, but altmetrics shows current discussion and societal and economic engagement.
Research Pattern of the Altmetrics During 2014-2018
Authors: Senthilkumar P. A.
Published: January 2020

The chapter examines the global output on altmetrics research as indexed in Scopus database covering the period 2014 – 2017. The study reveals an increasing trend in the altmetrics research during the study period. Out of 524 global publications, the highest output contribution was found in the year 2018. The US was found to be the major contributor in this field of altmetrics, and journal articles were found to be the preferred source of publication. Social science discipline contributed the largest share of papers (320), followed by computer science, medicine, decision sciences, and mathematics. Scientometrics was the most productive journal in this field of altmetrics.
Fog Computing and Edge Computing for the Strengthening of Structural Monitoring Systems in Health and Early Warning Score Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Ramirez Lopez Leonardo Juan , Puerta Aponte Gabriel Alberto
Published: January 2020

Currently, with the implementation of IoT, it is expected that medicine and health obtain a great benefit derived from the development of portable devices and connected sensors, which allow acquiring and communicating data on symptoms, vital signs, medicines, and activities of daily life that can affect health. Despite the possible benefits of health services assisted by IoT, there are barriers such as the storage of data in the cloud for analysis by physicians, the security and privacy of the data that are communicated, the cost of communication of the data that is collected, and the manipulation and maintenance of the sensors. This chapter intends to deploy and develop the context of the IoT platforms in the field of health and medicine by means of the transformation of edge and fog computing, as intermediate layers that provide interfaces between heterogeneous networks, networks inherited infrastructure, and servers in the cloud for the ease of data analysis and connectivity in order to implement a structural health monitoring based on IoT for application of early warning score.
Cost-Effective Tabu Search Algorithm for Solving the Controller Placement Problem in SDN
Authors: Abuabara Richard Isaac , Díaz-Sánchez Felipe , Arevalo Herrera Juliana , Amigo Isabel
Published: January 2020

Software-defined networks (SDN) is an emerging paradigm that has been widely explored by the research community. At the same time, it has attracted a lot of attention from the industry. SDN breaks the integration between control and data plane and creates the concept of a network operating system (controller). The controller should be logically centralized, but it must comply with availability, reliability, and security requirements, which implies that it should be physically distributed in the network. In this context, two questions arise: How many controllers should be included? and Where should they be located? These questions comprise the controller placement problem (CPP). The scope of this study is to solve the CPP using the meta-heuristic Tabu search algorithm to optimize the cost of network operation, considering flow setup latency and inter-controller latency constraints. The network model presented considers both controllers and links as IT resources as a service, which allows focusing on operational cost.
HAAR Characteristics-Based Traffic Volume Method Measurement for Street Intersections
Authors: Morales Santiago , Pedraza Bonilla César , Vega Felix
Published: January 2020

Traffic volume is an important measurement to design mobility strategies in cities such as traffic light configuration, civil engineering works, and others. This variable can be determined through different manual and automatic strategies. However, some street intersections, such as traffic circles, are difficult to determine their traffic volume and origin-destination matrices. In the case of manual strategies, it is difficult to count every single car in a mid to large-size traffic circle. On the other hand, automatic strategies can be difficult to develop because it is necessary to detect, track, and count vehicles that change position inside an intersection. This chapter presents a vehicle counting method to determine traffic volume and origin-destination matrix for traffic circle intersections using two main algorithms, Viola-Jones for detection and on-line boosting for tracking. The method is validated with an implementation applied to a top view video of a large-size traffic circle. The video is processed manually, and a comparison is presented.
Detection and Classification of Wear Fault in Axial Piston Pumps
Authors: Maradey Lázaro Jessica Gissella , Borrás Pinilla Carlos
Published: January 2020

Variable displacement axial piston hydraulic pumps (VDAP) are the heart of any hydraulic system and are commonly used in the industrial sector for its high load capacity, efficiency, and good performance in the handling of high pressures and speeds. Due to this configuration, the most common faults are related to the wear and tear of internal components, which decrease the operational performance of the hydraulic system and increase maintenance costs. So, through data acquisition such as signals of pressure and the digital processing of them, it is possible to detect, classify, and identify faults or symptoms in hydraulic machinery. These activities form the basis of a condition-based maintenance (CBM) program. This chapter shows the developed methodology to detect and classify a wear fault of valve plate taking into account six conditions and the facilities providing by wavelet analysis and ANNs.
Understanding Self-Regulated Learning and Its Importance in Online Learning
Authors: Schwam Dina M. , Commander Nannette , Greenberg Daphne
Published: January 2020

With the rise in online course offerings, coupled with the growth in online course enrollment, it is surprising that drop-out rates among online courses are higher than in face-to-face courses. This has placed an importance on understanding what contributes to successful learning in online courses and how to address student needs to increase student success. Theories and conceptual models supported by research have explained the complexity of self-regulated learning and the important role metacognition and motivation play in the processes within self-regulated learning. Researchers continue to explore the interconnected relationship within the multiple constructs of self-regulated learning and academic success and its importance in online learning. It is important that instructors have an understanding of the many areas that influence student learning. Through a holistic approach addressing individual difference in supporting students' needs, instructors can encourage the development of self-regulated learning skills through scaffolding different experiences involving instruction.
Facilitating Student Learning Through Multisensory Tools That Engage and Foster Collaboration
Authors: Novey Daniel A. , Holloman Hal L. , Ringler Marjorie C.
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes how university professors in a principal preparation program applied technology resources to face-to-face and online instruction to intensify student interactions and engagement with the professors and each other. As a result, the learning opportunities were transformed to increase effective student and professor interaction and student learning. Professors found that utilizing multisensory technology provided platforms in which robust learning exchanges occurred that deepened learning while students and professors worked collaboratively. The chapter describes how several studies show how the use of interactive multisensory tools such as Flipgrid, VoiceThread, and GoReact provided effective pedagogical strategies that enhanced communications. The studies took place at a university that serves students from rural communities and therefore provides research about utilizing multisensory tools to improve learning for students in locations where access to higher education is challenged by geographical distances.
Going Digital
Authors: Curry Kristal
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to explore teacher immediacy strategies that help online instructors form connections with students while teaching in distance learning environments. Teacher immediacy consists of both verbal and nonverbal behaviors teachers can use that generate perceptions of closeness with students, which often feels lacking in a distance learning environment. Specific examples of immediacy behaviors in online courses are provided. The chapter shares examples of student/teacher interactions in a course built around teacher immediacy principles, identifying the specific principles visible in each interaction. Finally, the chapter ends with recommendations for practice using teacher immediacy strategies to build relationships with students in online courses.
Making SoTL Stick
Authors: Frake-Mistak Mandy , Marsh Heidi L. , Maheux-Pelletier Geneviève , Williams Siobhan
Published: January 2020

In this chapter, the authors share their reflections on the practice of using a community-based approach to doing SoTL research. They examine two professional development programs at their respective institutions—York University and Humber College in Ontario, Canada—that support faculty members' engagement in SoTL research. EduCATE and the Teaching Innovation Fund are two variations of SoTL programs in which participants come together to engage in and support each other through the process of doing SoTL research and are organized around participants' individual goals rather than a predetermined set of outcomes. The authors provide a fulsome narrative and reflective account of the EduCATE and Teaching Innovation Fund programs with a particular focus on each program's development and relative success. Throughout, the impact of SoTL as a form of professional development is emphasized.
Scholarly Rigor
Authors: Hallis Rob
Published: January 2020

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning nurtures an academic discussion of best instructional practices. This case study examines the role domain knowledge plays in determining extent to which students can effectively analyze an opinion piece from a major news organization, locate a relevant source to support their view of the issue, and reflect on the quality of their work. The goal of analyzing an opinion piece is twofold: it fosters critical thinking in analyzing the strength of an argument and it promotes information management skills in locating and incorporating relevant sources in a real-world scenario. Students, however, exhibited difficulties in accurately completing the assignment and usually overestimated their expertise. This chapter traces how each step in the process of making this study public clarifies the issues encountered. The focus here, however, centers on the context within which the study was formulated, those issues that contributed to framing the research question, and how the context of inquiry served to deepen insights in interpreting the results.
Towards a Role-Playing Game Procedural Dungeon Generation Strategy to Help Developing Working Skills
Authors: Durán-Yañez Esteban A. , Rodríguez-Díaz Mario A. , López-Luévano César A.
Published: January 2020

This chapter describes the insights towards a proposal to integrate a procedural content generation strategy in a computer role-playing usable and accessible learning video game for gaining replayability to encourage engagement and motivation in learners. In order to explain the contextual issues of the topic, the chapter includes a discussion on how computer role-playing video games impact the skills considered crucial for the work in the future—abstraction, system thinking, experimentation, and collaboration—emphasizing the importance of usability and accessibility to ensure effectiveness of the proposal. A first approach of a computer role-playing video game is presented to provide an illustrative example. The prototype will serve for future evaluations with people for usability and accessibility.