bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El río Turia como Observatorio de Diseño. SmartTuria Hub
Authors: Merino Sanjuán Lola , Puyuelo Cazorla Marina
Published: November 2022

Este artículo presenta el marco teórico y los trabajos de campo realizados en el parque urbano Jardines del Túria de Valencia. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar este lugar público, como contexto para la investigación del diseño, donde el enfoque de integrar a los usuarios, llevará a alcanzar soluciones de diseño más innovadoras, inclusivas y adaptadas. Los métodos aplicados son la observación etnográfica y directa en el trabajo de campo, las entrevistas personales y online para recoger la voz del usuario, y los análisis internos, que pueden derivar posteriormente en planteamientos útiles para el proyecto de diseño. Los datos obtenidos con esta metodología nos permiten un análisis más ajustado de la relación entre el usuario y el contexto, a la vez que muestran las posibles carencias y aspectos a mejorar, que orientarán las futuras estrategias de intervención. En la primera parte de este trabajo se presenta el estado del arte de este tipo de experiencias en el espacio público, a continuación, las características de este parque urbano como entorno singular: sus antecedentes y estado actual, su configuración espacial, las conexiones entre las diferentes áreas, los servicios disponibles y el mobiliario urbano y, sobre todo, su relación con múltiples usuarios. Concluimos con algunas ideas sobre la idoneidad de este enfoque para fundamentar estrategias de innovación e intervención en este singular entorno, propio del concepto de Smart city y que permiten generar un paisaje urbano sostenible.
Eça de Queirós y la Censura Franquista: Obras Inmortales (Edaf, 1962)
Authors: Dasilva Xosé Manuel
Published: November 2022

En el presente estudio se aborda un capítulo significativo en la evolución de las traducciones españolas de Eça de Queirós a lo largo de la dictadura de Franco. Hay que destacar, a este respecto, que el extraordinario novelista fue el autor portugués de todos los tiempos más castigado por la censura en España durante aquella etapa. Se presta atención especial a los avatares del volumen Obras inmortales, organizado por la editorial Edaf en 1962, en el cual se ofrecía a los lectores cinco famosas novelas de Eça de Queirós, varias de ellas traducidas por Ramón Mª del Valle-Inclán: El crimen del padre Amaro, El primo Basilio, La reliquia, Los Maias y El mandarín. La importancia principal de esta publicación radica en que constituyó un hito histórico, puesto que recogía textos de Eça de Queirós reiteradamente prohibidos hasta entonces. Los factores fundamentales que influyeron en la postura favorable de las autoridades franquistas fueron el carácter lujoso de la edición y la condición indiscutiblemente canónica del narrador luso.
Transcriação e crítica literária: Haroldo de Campos e o papel epistêmico do ícone
Authors: Fernandes Ana , Queiroz João
Published: November 2022

Que papel o fenômeno da tradução criativa, tradução icônica, ou transcriação, pode ter entre diversas formas de crítica? Vamos examinar esta questão no escopo da divisão sugerida por Umberto Eco, e sua relação com a tese de Haroldo de Campos de "tradução como crítica" – "se a tradução é uma forma privilegiada de leitura crítica, será através dela que se poderão conduzir outros poetas, amadores e estudantes de literatura à penetração no âmago do texto artístico, nos seus mecanismos e engrenagens mais íntimos". Exploramos essa tese através da noção operacional do ícone, e de ícone diagramático, desenvolvida por C. S. Peirce, e do exame da transcriação do poema "The Expiration", de John Donne, por Augusto de Campos. Em nossa abordagem, a transcriação é um ícone de relações. Ela revela, através de uma operação tipicamente diagramática, um sistema multinível de restrições. Nossa abordagem sugere uma perspectiva epistêmica para o ícone, desconsiderada por Haroldo, capaz de re-situar sua tese em um cenário teórico ainda inexplorado.
Modified Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula: Is It Still Effective?
Authors: Fong Siat Yee
Published: November 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a medical system recorded over 2,000 years ago and it is making a comeback in the 21st century. Basic theories of TCM are based on the Chinese philosophy of Yin-Yang, Qi and the Five Elements (Ma et al., 2021). In TCM, balance and harmony with the environment (nature) are keys to good health and imbalances will lead to illnesses (Cheung et al., 2020). One of the approaches used by TCM practitioners to treat illnesses is the use of natural medicine derived from plants and animals (Ma et al., 2021). In practice, a combination of two or more medicinal materials (known as TCM formulas), having synergistic effects, is often used to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy, while attenuating toxicity (Zhang et al., 2017). However, some of the materials derived from animal and plant species, such as the rhinoceros (Rhinocerotidae), tiger (Panthera tigris) and caterpillar fungus (Ophiocordyceps sinensis), which are traditionally used, are now endangered (Cheung et al., 2020). Besides, the distribution of some plant species and substances derived from these species, including Ephedra spp. (Ma Huang), Aconitum spp. (Fu Zi and Chuan Wu) and Aristolochia spp. (Mu Tong and Fang Ji) are restricted or banned in some countries due to their toxicity (Fleischer et al., 2017). Therefore, a question arises as to whether the modification of TCM formulas to eliminate these ingredients could affect their therapeutic efficacy.
To uncover instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system
Authors: Oduor Alfonce James , Nyaata Vivian Moraa
Published: November 2022

This study explores instances of abuse of juveniles in the juvenile justice system. Children in conflict with the law are protected under various legislations both domestically, regionally and internationally which provides for their rights within the administration of justice. However, Kenya’s legal framework has not adequately protected juveniles who come into contact with the law as is a requirement. The research has been made on the assumptions that there are gaps in juvenile laws. There are also specific instances of juvenile abuse within the juvenile justice system. The study was based on desktop research method where both primary and secondary sources of information have been utilised. The study revealed that children in conflict with the Law faces a number of human rights abuses and violations at various stages once they come into contact with the law and this is counterproductive to the international requirements, objectives and standards of an efficient. The study recommends that there should be a special police unit, trained on how to deal with children in conflict with the Law to reduce cases of police brutality and violence against juveniles. The study also recommends that further research should be done on the topic.
Molecular detection of UreC and UreR genes of Proteus mirabilis in diabetic type 2 and non-diabetic patients with urinary tract infection in Baghdad city, Iraq
Authors: Rahman Ala’a Abdul Qader Abdul , Al-Marsomy Huda Dhaher Hathal
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is the Proteus mirabilis genes ureR and ureC and their correlation urease enzyme production Diabetes type-2 from Urinary Treact Infection (UTI). Out of 1720 samples from adult (>18years) males and females diabetic type II and non-diabetic with UTIs only 39 samples of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine were obtained according to conventional methods (depending on culturing and microscopic examination) and confirmed by VITECK 2 system that collected from various hospitals and privet labs in Baghdad city, Iraq in the period between December 2020 to April 2021. The results indicate to the incidence of UTI is higher among females 1066 (61.98%)than males 654 (38.02%) and in type 2 diabetic 1016 (59.07%) more than non diabetic 704 (40.93%) and the incidence of P. mirabilis infection is higher among females 25 (64.10%) than males 14 (35.90%) and in type 2 diabetic 23 (58.97%) more than non diabetic 16 (41.03%). All the 39 isolate of P. mirabilis had the ability to produce urease enzyme. Moreover, the results of the ureC and ureR polymerase chain reaction technique showed that all (39) isolates (100%) possessed both ureC and ureR through the appearance of amplicons with a molecular weight of 517 and 359 bp, respectively.
Clinical complications for canine parvovirus infection in puppies
Authors: Al-Mosoy Ahmed S. S. , Tamimi Naqa S. M. , Alwan Watheq N.
Published: November 2022

Canine parvovirus (CPV) infection is one of the most important infectious diseases affecting young puppies. With aggressive supportive treatment, most puppies tend to survive the infection, while a minority develops some complications that make the course of treatment longer and more complicated. In this study, we documented the main complications of the CPV infection in 44 puppies referred to private practices in Baghdad. We present a full description of the cases with their clinical, laboratory and imaging findings and discuss the type, rate and causes of the complications in the survived puppies that occurred in the next two weeks. Out of 44 puppies, five did not survive, while, 30 cases were treated without any complications. In the meantime, Carpal / Tarsal laxity, decreased growth rate, antibiotic responsive diarrhea and ascites were observed in 6, 2, 2 and 1 case, respectively. Weaker puppies, inappropriate treatment protocol and/or uncomfortable small enclosures could be important predisposing factors for these complications. Therefore, it is highly recommended to start an appropriate treatment in larger enclosures and more comfortable floor as soon as possible, in addition to providing the oral soft food no later than 3-5 days to reduce further complications.
Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase as a diagnostic test in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Alzaidi Kareem R. J. , Rasheed Manal K. , AI-Osami Mohammed Hadi
Published: November 2022

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a chronic auto-immune condition. is characterized by inflammation that contributes to the deterioration of joints, bones, tendons and ligaments. Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) is one of the autoantigens against, which RA patients develop autoantibodies that have been found to circulate in serum and in synovial fluid of these patients. To evaluate serum Glucose 6 phosphate isomerase (G6PI) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and its role in disease activity and if associated with Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) assessment to improve early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study was conducted in hospitals in Baghdad Medical city, Iraq, from December 2020 to March 2021. The study included 60 Iraqi patients (45 females, 15 males) with RA and 28 healthy subjects (18 females, 10 males) as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] used for determination of G6PI, ACPA and Abbott Architect C4000. used for the determination of RF and CRP. This study found that the levels of G6PI, ACPA, RF, CRP and ESR in patients with RA were significantly higher than in healthy controls (P-value ≤ 0.05). The study was found a positive significant correlation between G6PI and disease activity in RA patients (p-value <0.005). The study also found a positive weak significant correlation between G6PI and ACPA in rheumatoid arthritis patients (p-value ≤ 0.008) and also a statistically positive correlation significant exists between G6PI and RF in rheumatoid arthritis patients (p-value ≤ 0.05) and also a statistically positive weak significant correlation exists between G6PI and age in rheumatoid arthritis patients (p-value ≤ 0.008) in this study. In conclusion, in this study, there was significant difference in serum G6PI concentration, between patient and control group, so it seems to be a reliable marker for diagnosis of RA. The increased expression of G6PI is highly correlated with the disease activity of RA. This study showed that a positive significant weak correlation between G6PI and ACPA. May be combined with it to improve the diagnosis of RA.
Assessment on the landscape of the medians of Urban streets in Baghdad, Al-Rasheed Municipality
Authors: Awad Wafaa M. , Jasim Sada N.
Published: November 2022

Al-Rasheed Municipality was chosen as an elected urban environment for the purposes of the practical study. The main streets, QatarAl-Nada, Al-Moataz, and Muslim bin Aqeel were chosen. The necessary information was obtained through the adoption of the field survey methodology and personal interviews for the samples under study and the adoption of the site observation, an assessment tool was also adopted for the criteria and standards for remaining afforestation in the medians of urban streets, with the aim of knowing their application and after the evaluation was completed.The percentage of results of applying these controls was adopted. The results of the study showed that there is a clear deficiency in the application of afforestation controls in the medians of the streets under study,because of the use of more than one type of trees within the limited space and their disproportionate heights, shapes, spreading and planting distances between them like sidr trees Zizyphus vulgaris and Eucalyptus spp in the medians of Al-Moataz Street and QatarAl-Nada, the first section.While the results of the percentages show that the fourth section of Muslim Street and QatarAl-Nada has achieved a good percentage of applying the controls in terms of the proportion of trees with their morphological characteristics and planting distances. The study recommended the necessity of setting controls for afforestation of urban streets in the city of Baghdad and other Iraqi cities in accordance with the environmental conditions, soil and street classification.
Investigation of pharmacological activities of partially purified secondary metabolites from Streptomyces parvus and Streptomyces californicus
Authors: Nivetha C. , Deepika T. , Priyanka U. , Muthuselvam M.
Published: November 2022

Natural products continue to be an important resource for drug discovery, but microorganisms found in the world’s oceans have been largely overlooked in this regard. Current study focussed on extraction, partial purification and structure elucidation of bioactive compounds produced by Streptomyces parvus and Streptomyces californicus. Productions of bioactive compounds from the potential isolated strains in modified yeast malt extract medium. The compound extracted from the fermented medium and the extracted compounds analysed by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. Five different compounds were extracted and confirmed as 1-Heptadecene, 1,3 Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1-Tetradecanol, Phenol 2,4 bis(1,1- dimethyl ethyl) and Pentatriacone from the strains. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed against Gram positive, Gram negative and fungal pathogens and anticancer activity were analyzed MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines.
Physiochemical characterisation of drugs and related leads for swine flu
Authors: Pandey Jyoti , Pandey I. K. , Bhardwaj Nikunaj
Published: November 2022

Influenza viruses have acquired resistance to approved neuraminidase-targeting drugs, increasing the need for new drug targets for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs. The control of influenza virus infection is a major public health concern due to the significant morbidity and mortality it causes through seasonal epidemics and pandemics. I try to find those drugs which are based on Lipinski rule for this. we used data for the collect information in the study and abstracted the following databases, which is PubChem and drug bank. I retrieved 20 drug of swine flu from drug bank and retrieve the similar drug from Pubchem database and perform clustering of drug to group than on the basis of chemical properties and further observe that which drugs are follow the Lipinski rule which is based on in-silico method. Further, the selected drug structure was docked with chemical compounds using AutoDock1.5.6. This study also highlights stronger binding energy having good ADMET property with H1N1 drugs.
Structural comparison and finding similar ligands of target protein
Authors: Bind Akaansha , Pandey Jyoti , Bhardwaj Nikunaj
Published: November 2022

There are some bacteria and protozoan that is a major public health problem. The protein which is responsible for disease as a suitable target for drug discovery for cholera, tuberculosis, kala azar and malaria. General conclusions and knowledge about ligand binding modes and protein flexibility are decisive for the drug design process, particularly in the structure-based part of it.In general, if two ligands are structurally similar, then the binding mode as defined by the relative orientation in the protein is conserved. That is, a majority of the ligand pairs occupy the same space in the binding sites. For understanding the various organisms’ protein ligand structure similarity with respect to all similar ligand of protein and comparative structural conformation study between bacteria and protozoan using structure model structure alignment and draw the ligand structure respectively by SWISS-MODEL, chimera software and chem-sketch.
Immunohistochemical evaluation of ALDH1 and ALDH2 as cancer stem cell markers in Iraqi patients with colon carcinoma
Authors: Ibrahim Saher M. , Zedan Zahraa K.
Published: November 2022

Colon cancer is the second most popular cause of death. is a important public health issue in developed countries for many years because of its frequency even with the screening and preventative strategies. It stills the second most common cancer in women and third prevalent cancer in men. Like other tumors. The most drug resistance subsets of cancer cells with high proliferation capacity are colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs) with self renewal and multi differentiation capacities. recently indicate that aldehyde dehydrogenase have role in drug resistance ALDH1 and ALDH2 have prognostic and clinicopathological value in colon cancer. The research involved 60 patients (both men and women) ranging in age from 35 to 65 years old. The samples taken from the Ministry of Health and Environment the medical city hospital’s histology laboratory, the Department of Education Laboratories. Colon cancer samples were divided into three groups: group I contained 20 samples from patients recently diagnosed with colon cancer, group II included samples from relapse patients who received chemotherapy but the tumor relapsed, and group III are resistance patient. This study was planned to evaluate the ALDH1 and ALDH2 as a marker for colon cancer stem cell.The percentage of the positivity forALDH1 and ALDH 2 shows in Figs. 3-7. The result are different between groups. Group one (new diagnosis patients) recorded low expression forALDH1 and ALDH2 about 33% forALDH1 and 48% forALDH2 in comparison with group II (relapsed patient) that represented moderate expression to the marker ( 63% and 72% forALDH1 and ALDH2, respectively). While, the higher expression was for group III (resistance patient) with percent of expression 80% and 90%
"Effect of storage with spike on two-type durum wheat characteristics "
Authors: Yousif Saad I.
Published: November 2022

Cereal storage for long periods are most important problems for this age, it directly linked to economic security. At this study, two varieties of Durum wheat (Zevigo, Borgaz) were stored with spike in plastic bags for three years under ambient conditions of Ramadi/ Iraq. durum wheat characteristics did not deteriorate, the environmental conditions did not effected significantly, moisture content increased with (2-4%), but did not beyond the level the limit. Ash content has no Significant difference during the storage, other hand there were an improvement in gluten index its recorded after storage with rate (85.62and 75.64), respectively, while wet and dry gluten decreased. Falling number also increased significantly in the two varieties were recorded (505, 546), respectively. Study results note positivizes of storage with spikes despite reduction of storage space compared to storage without spikes, but positive in maintaining quality at lowest economic cost.
Synthesis and characterization of metal complexes of 2-(5-substituted-(Thiadiazolyl/Triazolyl)-2-thio) methyl benzimidazole
Authors: Pandey A. K. , Arya Manish , Jaiswal Mayank , Singh Santosh Kumar , Begum Kahkashan
Published: November 2022

Co(ll). Ni(l). Cu(l) and Zn (II) complexes of 2-(4’-amino-(5'-(nicotinyl-4-phenyl-1',2',4-triazolyl-3’- thiomethvlbenzimidazole(L1 ). 2-((5'-(nicotinyl-4-phenyl-1',2',4-triazolyl-3'- thio) methyl benzimidazole (L2 ) and 2-(5'-(nicotinoyl)- 1'3'4'-thiadiazolyl-2'-thio) methyl benzimidazole) (L3 ) have been prepared and characterized.
Essential reading from the editor’s desk
Authors: Vanuytsel T , Reenaers C
Published: November 2022

Quality measures are becoming increasingly important in clinical practice, not only as a monitoring tool in the hospital for internal quality purposes but more and more also in communication with the general community as publicly available indicators of quality (1-3). Especially for technical subspecialties such as endoscopy, it is key that outcome and complications are closely monitored. This is also reflected in a multitude of quality initiatives of national and international endoscopy societies (4). In the current edition of the Acta, Moreels and colleagues evaluated the accuracy of self-reported adverse events by the endoscopists by comparing it to a retrospective analysis of the medical records (5). The total adverse events rate was 1.95% with only half of the events being voluntarily reported by the endoscopist. Even if 2/3 of the unreported events were mild, this important study still highlights that the current reporting methods are flawed and a more user-friendly ad-hoc registration system, integrated in the electronic medical records, should be developed.
Wall maturation in necrotic collections in acute pancreatitis: a computed tomography based evaluation
Authors: Choudhury S.R. , Manoj M , Gupta P , Samanta J , Mandavdhare H , Kochhar R
Published: November 2022

Aim: To systematically investigate the timing of encapsulation of necrotic collections in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT).

Methods: This retrospective study comprised consecutive patients of ANP who underwent CECT of the abdomen between the second and fourth weeks of illness. Number and site of collections and presence and completeness of the wall (defined as a thin smooth enhancing rim more than 1 mm in thickness) were documented.

Results: A total of 195 patients of ANP were included. Seven hundred seventy-three collections were evaluated in 284 CECT scans. The most common site of the collection was anterior pararenal space (n=290, 37.5%). The mean maximum dimension of the collection was 8.1 cm (range, 3.1-16 cm). Two hundred twentytwo (28.7%) collections had a complete wall. The mean interval to complete wall maturation was 18 days (range, 8-28). Overall, 13.3%, 37.1%, and 56.2% of the collections showed complete encapsulation in the second, third, and fourth weeks, respectively.

Conclusions: Our study suggests that a significant proportion of necrotic collections show complete encapsulation within 4 weeks of the onset of ANP.
Composition and mixing state of Arctic aerosol and cloud residual particles from long-term single-particle observations at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard
Authors: Adachi Kouji , Tobo Yutaka , Koike Makoto , Freitas Gabriel , Zieger Paul , Krejci Radovan
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The Arctic region is sensitive to climate change and is
warming faster than the global average. Aerosol particles change cloud
properties by acting as cloud condensation nuclei and ice-nucleating
particles, thus influencing the Arctic climate system. Therefore,
understanding the aerosol particle properties in the Arctic is needed to
interpret and simulate their influences on climate. In this study, we
collected ambient aerosol particles using whole-air and PM10 inlets and
residual particles of cloud droplets and ice crystals from Arctic low-level
clouds (typically, all-liquid or mixed-phase clouds) using a counterflow
virtual impactor inlet at the Zeppelin Observatory near Ny-Ålesund,
Svalbard, within a time frame of 4 years. We measured the composition and
mixing state of individual fine-mode particles in 239 samples using
transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of their composition, the
aerosol and cloud residual particles were classified as mineral dust, sea
salt, K-bearing, sulfate, and carbonaceous particles. The number fraction of
aerosol particles showed seasonal changes, with sulfate dominating in summer
and sea salt increasing in winter. There was no measurable difference in the
fractions between ambient aerosol and cloud residual particles collected at
ambient temperatures above 0 ∘C. On the other hand, cloud residual
samples collected at ambient temperatures below 0 ∘C had several
times more sea salt and mineral dust particles and fewer sulfates than
ambient aerosol samples, suggesting that sea spray and mineral dust
particles may influence the formation of cloud particles in Arctic
mixed-phase clouds. We also found that 43 % of mineral dust particles from
cloud residual samples were mixed with sea salt, whereas only 18 % of
mineral dust particles in ambient aerosol samples were mixed with sea salt.
This study highlights the variety in aerosol compositions and mixing states
that influence or are influenced by aerosol–cloud interactions in Arctic
low-level clouds.
Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon on global croplands
Authors: Karstens Kristine , Bodirsky Benjamin Leon , Dietrich Jan Philipp , Dondini Marta , Heinke Jens , Kuhnert Matthias , Müller Christoph , Rolinski Susanne , Smith Pete , Weindl Isabelle , Lotze-Campen Hermann , Popp Alexander
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 2 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30 cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6 GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975–2010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5 GtC (0.14 GtC yr−1) to around 39.6 GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1 GtC fewer (0.06 GtC yr−1) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement – also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.
Constraining emissions of volatile organic compounds from western US wildfires with WE-CAN and FIREX-AQ airborne observations
Authors: Jin Lixu , Permar Wade , Selimovic Vanessa , Ketcherside Damien , Yokelson Robert J. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Apel Eric C. , Ku I-Ting , Collett Jr. Jeffrey L. , Sullivan Amy P. , Jaffe Daniel A. , Pierce Jeffrey R. , Fried Alan , Coggon Matthew M. , Gkatzelis Georgios I. , Warneke Carsten , Fischer Emily V. , Hu Lu
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The impact of biomass burning (BB) on the atmospheric burden of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is highly uncertain. Here we apply the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) to constrain BB emissions in the western US at ~25 km resolution. Across three BB emission inventories widely used in CTMs, the total of 14 modeled BB VOC emissions in the western US agree with each other within 30–40 %. However, emissions for individual VOC differ by up to a factor of 5 (i.e., lumped ≥ C4 alkanes), driven by the regionally averaged emission ratios (ERs) among inventories. We further evaluate GEOS-Chem simulations with aircraft observations made during WE-CAN (Western Wildfire Experiment for Cloud Chemistry, Aerosol Absorption, and Nitrogen) and FIREX-AQ (Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality) field campaigns. Despite being driven by different global BB inventories or applying various injection height assumptions, GEOS-Chem simulations underpredict observed vertical profiles by a factor of 3–7. The model shows small-to-no bias for most species in low/no smoke conditions. We thus attribute the negative model biases mostly to underestimated BB emissions in these inventories. Tripling BB emissions in the model reproduces observed vertical profiles for primary compounds, i.e., CO, propane, benzene, and toluene. However, it shows no-to-less significant improvements for oxygenated VOCs, particularly formaldehyde, formic acid, acetic acid, and lumped ≥ C3 aldehydes, suggesting the model is missing secondary sources of these compounds in BB-impacted environments. The underestimation of primary BB emissions in inventories is likely attributable to underpredicted amounts of effective dry matter burned, rather than errors in fire detection, injection height, or ERs. We cannot rule out potential sub-grid uncertainties (i.e., not being able to fully resolve fire plumes) in the nested GEOS-Chem which could explain the model negative bias partially, though the back-of-the-envelope calculation and evaluation using longer-term ground measurements help increase the argument of the dry matter burned underestimation. The ERs of the 14 BB VOCs implemented in GEOS-Chem account for about half of the total 161 measured VOCs (~75 versus 150 ppb ppm-1). This reveals a significant amount of missing reactive organic carbon in widely-used BB emission inventories. Considering both uncertainties in effective dry matter burned and unmodeled VOCs, we infer that BB contributed up to 10 % in 2019 and 45 % in 2018 (240 and 2040 GgC) of the total VOC primary emission flux in the western US during these two fire seasons, compared to only 1–10 % in the standard GEOS-Chem.
Background nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over the United States and its implications for satellite observations and trends: effects of nitrate photolysis, aircraft, and open fires
Authors: Dang Ruijun , Jacob Daniel J. , Shah Viral , Eastham Sebastian D. , Fritz Thibaud M. , Mickley Loretta J. , Liu Tianjia , Wang Yi , Wang Jun
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2) measured from satellites has been widely used to track anthropogenic NOx emissions, but its retrieval and interpretation can be complicated by the free tropospheric NO2 background to which satellite measurements are particularly sensitive. Tropospheric NO2 columns from the OMI satellite instrument averaged over the contiguous US (CONUS) show no trend after 2009, despite sustained decreases in anthropogenic NOx emissions, implying an important and rising contribution from the free tropospheric background that has not been captured in models. Here we use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model applied to the simulation of OMI NO2 to better understand the sources and trends of background NO2 over CONUS. Previous model underestimate of the background is largely corrected by the consideration of aerosol nitrate photolysis, which increases the model NO2 column by 13 % on an annual basis (25 % in spring), and also increases the air mass factor (AMF) to convert the tropospheric slant columns inferred from the OMI spectra into vertical NO2 columns by 7 % on an annual basis (11 % in spring). The increase in the AMF decreases the retrieved NO2 columns in the satellite observations, contributing to the improved agreement with the model. Accounting for the 2009–2017 increase in aircraft NOx emissions drives only a 1.4 % mean increase in NO2 column over CONUS and a 2 % increase in the AMF, but the combination of decreasing surface NOx emissions and increasing aircraft emissions is expected to drive a 14 % increase in the AMF over the next decade that will be necessary to account for in the interpretation of satellite NO2 trends. Fire smoke identification with the NOAA Hazard Mapping System (HMS) indicates that wildfires contribute 1–8 % of OMI NO2 columns over the western US in June–September and that this contribution has been increasing since 2009, contributing to the flattening of OMI NO2 trends. Future analyses of NO2 trends from satellite data to infer trends in surface NOx emissions must critically consider the effects of a rising free tropospheric background due to increasing emissions from aircraft, fires, and possibly lightning.
Understanding representations of uncertainty, an eye-tracking study part II: The effect of expertise
Authors: Williams Louis , Mulder Kelsey , Charlton-Perez Andrew , Lickiss Matthew , Black Alison , McCloy Rachel , McSorley Eugene , Young Joe
Published: November 2022

Abstract. As the ability to make predictions of uncertainty information representing natural hazards increases, an important question for those designing and communicating hazard forecasts is how visualisations of uncertainty influence understanding amongst the intended, potentially varied, target audiences. End-users have a wide range of differing expertise and backgrounds, possibly influencing the decision-making process they undertake for a given forecast presentation. Our previous, linked study, examined how the presentation of uncertainty information influenced end-user decision making. Here, we shift the focus to examine the decisions and reactions of participants with differing expertise (Meteorology, Psychology and Graphic Communication students) when presented with varied hypothetical forecast representations (boxplot, fan plot or spaghetti plot with and without median lines), using the same eye-tracking methods and experiments. Participants made decisions about a fictional scenario involving the choices between ships of different sizes in the face of varying ice thickness forecasts. Eye-movements to the graph area and key, and how they changed over time (early, intermediate, and later viewing periods), were examined. More fixations (maintained gaze on one location) and time fixating was spent on the graph and key during early and intermediate periods of viewing, particularly for boxplots and fan plots. The inclusion of median lines led to less fixations being made to all graph types during early and intermediate viewing periods. No difference in eye movement behaviour was found due to expertise, however those with greater expertise were more accurate in their decisions, particularly during more difficult scenarios. Where scientific producers seek to draw users to the central estimate, an anchoring line can significantly reduce cognitive load leading both experts and non-experts to make more rational decisions. When asking users to consider extreme scenarios or uncertainty, different prior expertise can lead to significantly different cognitive load for processing information with an impact on ability to make appropriate decisions.
A Comparison of 3-D Spherical Shell Thermal Convection results at Low to Moderate Rayleigh Number using ASPECT (version 2.2.0) and CitcomS (version 3.3.1)
Authors: Euen Grant Thomas , Liu Shangxin , Gassmöller Rene , Heister Timo , King Scott David
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Due to the increasing availability of high-performance computing over the past decades numerical models have become an important tool for research in geodynamics. Several generations of mantle convection software have been developed, but due to their differing methods and increasing complexity it is important to evaluate the accuracy of each new model generation to ensure published geodynamic research is reliable and reproducible. We here explore the accuracy of the open-source, ﬁnite-element codes ASPECT and CitcomS as a function of mesh spacing using low to moderate Rayleigh number models in steady-state, thermal convection. ASPECT (Advanced Solver for Problems in Earth’s ConvecTion) is a new generation mantle convection code that enables modeling global mantle convection with realistic parameters and complicated physical processes using adaptive mesh reﬁnement (Kronbichler et al., 2012; Heister et al., 2017). We compare the ASPECT results with calculations from the ﬁnite element code CitcomS (Zhong et al., 2000; Tan et al., 2006; Zhong et al., 2008), which has a long history of use in the geodynamics community. We ﬁnd that the globally-averaged quantities: RMS velocity, mean temperature, and Nusselt number at the top and bottom of the shell, agree to within 1 %, and often much better, for calculations with sufﬁcient mesh resolution. We also show that there is excellent agreement of the time-evolution of both the RMS velocity and the Nusselt numbers between the two codes for otherwise identical parameters. Based on our results we are optimistic that similar agreement would be achieved for calculations performed at convective vigor expected for Earth, Venus, and Mars.
Catchment water storage dynamics and its role in modulating streamflow generation in spectral perspective: a case study in the headwater of Baiyang Lake, China
Authors: Zhou Xinyao , Sheng Zhuping , Yang Yanmin , Han Shumin , Zhang Qingzhou , Li Huilong , Yang Yonghui
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Although it is important in hydrological cycles, catchment water storage dynamics is still not fully understood because it is affected by multiple drivers simultaneously and is difficult to be estimated using field hydrometric observations and hydrological models. Taking the headwater of Baiyang Lake, China as an example, this study employed a spectral approach to illustrate how catchment water storage was influenced by rainfall and vegetation, and how water storage modulated streamflow for the period of 1982–2015. The competence of the spectral approach in characterizing causality was verified and a more holistic understanding of hydrological cycles was gained. Results showed that under different climatic phases (wet/dry), catchment water storage dynamics were controlled by different factors and dominant streamflow generation mechanisms were not invariant. In the wet phase, catchment water storage dynamics was determined by rainfall. And groundwater flow was the most important part of streamflow, followed by subsurface flow and surface flow. Nevertheless, in the dry phase, catchment water storage dynamics was modulated by evapotranspiration. And the surface flow was the most important part of streamflow, followed by subsurface flow and groundwater flow. The land use change induced by human activities could alter the streamflow sensitivity to rainfall, but could not cause fundamental changes to hydrological cycles. We concluded that the spectral approach can be an effective supplement to the experimental methods and their integration can provide systematic insights into hydrological cycles in the study area and other watershed systems.
Seamless streamflow forecasting at daily to monthly scales: MuTHRE lets you have your cake and eat it too
Authors: McInerney David , Thyer Mark , Kavetski Dmitri , Laugesen Richard , Woldemeskel Fitsum , Tuteja Narendra , Kuczera George
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Subseasonal streamflow forecasts inform a multitude of water management decisions, from early flood warning to reservoir operation. Seamless forecasts, i.e. forecasts that are reliable and sharp over a range of lead times (1–30 d) and aggregation timescales (e.g. daily to monthly) are of clear practical interest. However, existing forecast products are often non-seamless, i.e. developed and applied for a single timescale and lead time (e.g. 1 month ahead). If seamless forecasts are to be a viable replacement for existing non-seamless forecasts, it is important that they offer (at least) similar predictive performance at the timescale of the non-seamless forecast. This study compares forecasts from two probabilistic streamflow post-processing (QPP) models, namely the recently developed seamless daily Multi-Temporal Hydrological Residual Error (MuTHRE) model and the more traditional (non-seamless) monthly QPP model used in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's dynamic forecasting system. Streamflow forecasts from both post-processing models are generated for 11 Australian catchments, using the GR4J hydrological model and pre-processed rainfall forecasts from the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator – Seasonal (ACCESS-S) numerical weather prediction model. Evaluating monthly forecasts with key performance metrics (reliability, sharpness, bias, and continuous ranked probability score skill score), we find that the seamless MuTHRE model achieves essentially the same performance as the non-seamless monthly QPP model for the vast majority of metrics and temporal stratifications (months and years). As such, MuTHRE provides the capability of seamless daily streamflow forecasts with no loss of performance at the monthly scale – the modeller can proverbially “have their cake and eat it too”. This finding demonstrates that seamless forecasting technologies, such as the MuTHRE post-processing model, are not only viable but also a preferred choice for future research development and practical adoption in streamflow forecasting.
1960 through 1972, a Time of Discoveries in Large-Scale Tropical Meteorology
Authors: Madden Roland A.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology (bom.gov.au) states that “The Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a major fluctuation in tropical weather on weekly to monthly timescale. The MJO can be characterized as an eastward moving ‘pulse’ of cloud and rainfall near the equator that typically recurs every 30 to 60 days.” Early descriptions of the MJO were contained in two papers by Madden and Julian (1971; 1972). This paper relates the story of developments in tropical meteorology in the 1960s that led to those two papers. The decade saw the first unambiguous identification of large-scale, theoretically predicted, tropical waves. Spectral analysis was used effectively by researchers to link observations with the theoretically expected features of these waves. At the same time, longer time series of observations, faster computers, and an algorithm designed to speed up Fourier transforms, vital for spectral analysis, all became available. These developments set the stage for the oscillation to be recognized.
A desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) for periprosthetic joint infection – a Delphi analysis
Authors: Johns Brenton P. , Dewar David C. , Loewenthal Mark R. , Manning Laurens A. , Atrey Amit , Atri Nipun , Campbell David G. , Dunbar Michael , Kandel Christopher , Khoshbin Amir , Jones Christopher W. , Lora-Tamayo Jaime , McDougall Catherine , Moojen Dirk Jan F. , Mulford Jonathan , Paterson David L. , Peel Trisha , Solomon Michael , Young Simon W. , Davis Joshua S.
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Background: Treatment outcomes in studies on prosthetic joint infection are generally assessed using a dichotomous outcome relating to treatment success or failure. These outcome measures neither include patient-centred outcome measures including joint function and quality of life, nor do they account for adverse effects of treatment. A desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) measure can include these factors and has previously been proposed and validated for other serious infections. We aimed to develop a novel DOOR for prosthetic joint infections (PJIs).
Methods: The Delphi method was used to develop a DOOR for PJI research. An international working group of 18 clinicians (orthopaedic surgeons and infectious disease specialists) completed the Delphi process. The final DOOR comprised the dimensions established to be most important by consensus with >75 % of participant agreement.
Results: The consensus DOOR comprised four main dimensions. The primary dimension was patient-reported joint function. The secondary dimensions were infection cure and mortality. The final dimension of quality of life was selected as a tie-breaker.
Discussion: A desirability of outcome ranking for periprosthetic joint infection has been proposed. It focuses on patient-centric outcome measures of joint function, cure and quality of life. This DOOR provides a
multidimensional assessment to comprehensively rank outcomes when comparing
treatments for prosthetic joint infection.
The effect of the zero-field splitting interaction in light-induced pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy
Authors: Scherer Andreas , Yildirim Berk , Drescher Malte
Published: November 2022

Abstract. Laser-induced magnetic dipole spectroscopy (LaserIMD) and light-induced double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy (LiDEER) are important techniques in the emerging field of light-induced pulsed dipolar EPR spectroscopy (light-induced PDS). These techniques use the photoexcitation of a chromophore to the triplet state and measure its dipolar coupling to a neighboring electron spin, which allows the determination of distance restraints. LaserIMD and LiDEER were so far analyzed with software tools that were developed for a pair of two S = 1/2 spins and neglect the zero-field splitting interaction (ZFS) of the excited triplet. Here, we show that the ZFS cannot be neglected in light-induced PDS, as it has an effect on the shape of the dipolar trace. For a detailed understanding of the effect of the ZFS, a theoretical description for LaserIMD and LiDEER is derived, taking into account the non-secular terms of the ZFS. Simulations based on this model show that the ZFS leads to an additional decay in the dipolar trace in LaserIMD. This effect is not so pronounced in Q-band but can be quite noticeable for lower magnetic fields like in X-band. Experimentally recorded LiDEER and LaserIMD data confirm these findings and show that the ZFS is an important parameter that needs to be considered for the accurate description of light-induced PDS.