bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear Congruential Method for Randomization of Test Item in Computer-Based Psychological Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) Test
Authors: Sesari E G , Dirgantoro B , Setianingsih C
Published: June 2019

Psychological tests are used to determine human’s attitude and behavior. In its application, psychological tests still use the old method. Objects are asked to answer questions and then the answers will be collected again to be calculated, and then conclusion will be drawn from the result. It will be time consuming and impractical. Computer-based psychological test have an answer to these deficiencies. By utilizing the ease of test item management in computer, this paper discusses the application of linear congruential method for randomization of test item in computer-based psychological edwards personal preference schedule (EPPS) test developed by web-based programming. According to expert, the difference in the number of respondents who have the largest and smallest raw score aspects that are the same and not the same is considered not too significant that in this case randomization of test item can be applied to the EPPS test because the change in test results is not too significant and the scoring process is still valid
Detecting Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Earlier Stage Using C4.5 Algorithm as Expert System Based on Android
Authors: Syahrial Farisa Hafida , Irawan Budhi , Prasasti Anggunmeka Luhur
Published: June 2019

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is an infectious diseases caused by enterovirus virus 71 (EV 71). The symptoms of HFMD is similar to several other disease that caused by a virus, especially disease that have a fever and rash symptoms which people usually underestimate diseases that have early symptoms like that. Therefore, in this system we classify the HFMD with the intention of detecting the disease from an earlier stage. And we use Android based application since at this present time, smartphone is the closest device that is always used by many people. The classification used in this paper is Decision Tree C4.5 Algorithm. Dataset used in this research is as many as 256 which divided into training data and testing data, that formed based on symptoms that had previously been validated by the doctor. The result shows that data partitions of 90%:10%, 80%:20% and 70%:30% has accuracy, precision and recall value are 100%. Thus, data partition 70%:30% has the best result because this partition has less training data but can still classify diseases effectively.
Item delivery simulation using genetic algorithm
Authors: Switrayana I Nyoman , Osmond Andrew Brian , Aditsania Annisa
Published: June 2019

In sending items, time and costs can be minimized by selecting the shortest path. The problem of choosing the shortest path is often known as Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). TSP in this study was not only concerned with distance but also the priority of places to be visited. Priority parameters in this research are a sign that each place has a value to be visited first than another place. This priority can also be assumed as a type of delivery service that can be chosen by the customer. Priority is divided into three groups, but it can also be more than that according to the needs of a shipping service provider. Delivery of multiple destinations in one area can be delivered with a single trip based on their priority. Search optimization of the shortest path is modeled with genetic algorithms. Hamilton path is the output of the simulation.
Seizure Type Classification on EEG Signal using Support Vector Machine
Authors: Dwi Saputro Inggi Ramadhani , Maryati Nita Dwi , Solihati Siti Rizqia , Wijayanto Inung , Hadiyoso Sugondo , Patmasari Raditiana
Published: June 2019

One instrument to record the activity of brainwave in a specific time is called Electroencephalography (EEG). EEG signal can be used to analyze the epilepsy disease. Brainwave of seizure patient has a low frequency with a tighter pattern than brainwave of normal people. We use data from Temple University Hospital Seizure Corpus (TUSZ) that represents an accurate clinical condition characterization. Based on neurologist report, several types of seizure can be found in the dataset. In this research, we classify three types of seizure, Generalized Non-Specific Seizure (GNSZ), Focal Non-Specific Seizure (FNSZ) and Tonic-Clonic Seizure (TCSZ). We added a normal EEG signal, so we have four classes to be classified using Support Vector Machine (SVM). The training dataset consists from 120 data (20 GNSZ, 50 FNSZ, 25 TCSZ and 25 Normal), while the evaluation dataset is 90 datasets (20 GNSZ, 50 FNSZ, 5 TCSZ and 15 Normal). We observe the combination of three feature extraction method, Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Hjorth Descriptor and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). The best result obtained by combining MFCC and Hjorth descriptor that can detect seizure type with 90.25%, 97.83%, and 91.4% of average sensitivity, average specificity, and accuracy respectively.
An advanced comparison on big data world computing frameworks
Authors: Deshai N , Venkataramana S , Sekhar B V D S , Srinivas K , Sundhar Singh P , NagaKrishna L
Published: June 2019

Today’s internet world becomes really introducing a landmark between Peta to Exa byte which is significantly generating an enormous size of data while computing the digital things including the format of each datasets which signifies highly unstructured because which could be generating from different social sites, IOT, Google engine, Twitter, Yahoo, monitoring and controlling through sensors essentially called big data. Because of this fast era, we apply just contemporary techniques with common tools regarding having focused performing, smooth process and to execute computations on huge data. Though such tremendous universal data has some shortcomings for getting effective processing, analyzing the universe immense datasets and scalability techniques. Apache open free source Hadoop does the latest big data weapon which can process Zetta byte dimensions of databases by its most developed and popular components as hdfs and Map Reduce, to make up vast storage facility plus great administration in the sense to process zettabyte of datasets as powerfully, flexible. MR likes more famous software popular structure for handling big-data existing issues with full parallel, highly distributed and most scalable manner. However, public and unrestricted source tools on Hadoop, map reduces become major limitations like poor allocate process on needy resources working regarding stream-oriented processing, Shortage significant viewpoints like latency, dynamic manner execution, optimization, computing as online and diverse logical solutions. We consider significant various complex data computing orientated techniques. This study paper address Apache fastest spark tool, online-oriented tool public and unrestricted source and Flink are in Apache project are efficient frameworks to conquer that limitation.
AES encryption and decryption standards
Authors: Devi SistlaVasundhara , Kotha Harika Devi
Published: June 2019

Over the last years there has been massive changes that lead to the growth of information in technology, that brought significant changes in the part of cryptography and its applications like confidentiality of data and many such. Privacy and secrecy is what everyone desires for their data or accounts. Encryption is one such method to achieve it. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), can be used to protect the information. The primary preferred standpoint of AESis, it very well may be can be reproduced or worked with unadulterated equipment. In this paper, Xilinx 9.2i is utilized for recreation and improvement of VHDL code. Integrating and execution of the code is completed on Xilinx - Project Navigator ISE 9.2i suite. Xilinx XC3S500 gadget of Spartan Family and is utilized for equipment usage. This undertaking proposes a strategy to coordinate the AES encrypter and the AES descrypter.
A. Amalgamative sentiment analysis framework on social networking site
Authors: ArunaSafali M , Satya Prasad R , Sastry KBS
Published: June 2019

Sentiment analysis is the most widely used in many applications. Knowing the sentiment analysis for any of the dataset becomes most important to know the sentiment for the given inputs. In this paper, the amalgamative sentiment analysis framework developed for dividing the positive and negative emotions taken from the user’s tweets. In this system, an integrated social networking is developed which is integrated with ASAF. Results show the classification of these tweets.
Acceptability analysis method for evaluate data on twitter using support vector machine
Authors: Swathi K , Naga deepthi P
Published: June 2019

The first model centres around believability at the client level, tackling different elements of information stream into a registered validity rating. The next model specifies a methodology to find believability score for singular tweets. We built up the system for validity on Face book by evaluating the validity of: (i) the reliability of the web sources discussing a case, (ii) the dialect style of the articles revealing the case and, (iii) their position. We at that point gathered the preparation information for making a model utilizing Support Vector Machine (SVM). Furthermore the standardization technique is essential advance for purifying information before utilizing the machine learning strategy to order information. The outcome demonstrate that Naïve Bayes to identify the Fake news has precision 96.08%. We distinguish basic examples of transiently agent discussion subgraphs and speak to their subjects utilizing Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) demonstrating. We break down how the information had proliferated, and the moves were made in light of the source. The component retweet was considered as a proportion of examination to upgrade the reliability of the spread information. The performance of our positioning calculation essentially upgraded when we connected re-positioning system.
Quick certification cellular phone ip contrasted to ranked cellular phone ip
Authors: Madhava Rao M , Gopala Krishna J S V
Published: June 2019

Cellular phone IP represents the essential Transportability administration protocol to backing the Transportability in IP-based machines. Although, Cellular phone IP isn’t capable for quarantine sensitive Applications. The Quick Certification Cellular phone IP protocol (QICA) is usually recommended to dodge the problems of Cellular phone IP and to contest the necessities of time period Applications. So, QICA doesn’t want hierarchic specification as is that the container with best mini Transportability administration protocols, e.g. Rank Cellular phone IP (RCIP). A study show that QICA accomplish kind of like RCIP though the Cellular Nodule (CN) shift inside a site reside of 2 hierarchic slabs solely and surpass RCIP Rather. During the one paper we have a tendency to evolve a close exemplary to examine QICA and distinction it to RCIP. Our subject targets a distinction of the signal price of the 2 protocols. Our study displays that QICA plainly surpass RCIP with honor to the bundle cargo value. What is more, the region amend value though increasing QICA is commensurate to the region amend price exploitation RCIP. Therefore QICA is bigger productive than RCIP with honor to the entire signal price.
A novel approach to compress dna repetative sequences in bio-informatics
Authors: Chowdary S M B , Kumar Samparthi V S , Nedunuri Deepak , Gupta Vmnssvkr
Published: June 2019

In recent days numbers of gigabyte sequences of nucleotides are stored in a common database Genbank. All the victimization Deoxyribonucleic acid sequences for biological functions are to store the large number of Genomes in a compressed type in economically. Despite the fact that Deoxyribonucleic corrosive arrangements are put away in a packed kind, the information on Deoxyribonucleic corrosive groupings square measure hang on in science databases. For a four-letter alphabet in DNA (Adenine(A), Cytosine(C), Guanine(G) and Thymine(T)), an average description length of 2 bits per base is that the max length required to encode DNA. To reexamine the previous art of compression techniques and its merits and de merits, a novel attempt is initiated. Based on the comparative study of existing algorithms a new method proposed for DNA compression without depending on statistics of sequence set.
RETRACTED: An enhanced approach for object detection using wavelet based neural network
Authors: Krishnaveni G , Lalitha Bhavani B , Vijaya Lakshmi N V S K
Published: June 2019

Object recognition indicates colossal increment in the field of picture investigation. The required arrangement of picture objects are recognized and recovered based on object recognition. The procedure associated with Object recognition incorporates division, arrangement, and gathering of articles that can be connected in different designing and logical teaches, for example, science, drug, advertising, brain science, man-made consciousness, PC vision, and remote detecting. A large portion of the ongoing plans in picture investigation confront certain bad marks particularly in protest acknowledgment exactness. Indeed, even in Object recognition, the off base order concerns flawed protest extraction. One of the fundamental detriments in existing methods to picture grouping is that immense measure of information needs in learning plans which is a tedious procedure because of the human time and endeavors. In this way, a novel proposition is expected to successfully separate the state of the protest with appropriate characterization procedure. The topological course of action of the WNN contains the concealed neutrons in the wavelet layer with various goals. Wavelet Neural Network idea is utilized for picture handling which is by all accounts exceptionally productive. WNN structure offers the parallel handling of pictures and preparing process makes the system appropriate for the different sort of picture handling. In this work, a novel characterization system called Affluence based Image Classification (AIC) is proposed utilizing a wavelet neural system.
A comparative performance analysis of different machine learning techniques
Authors: lalithabhavani B , krishnaveni G , Malathi J
Published: June 2019

Over the past many decades, Machine Learning (ML) has advanced from the undertaking of few PC fans misusing the likelihood of PCs figuring out how to play diversions, and a piece of Mathematics (Statistics) that only here and there measured computational methodologies, to an autonomous research obedience that has not just given the essential base to measurable computational standards of learning systems, yet in addition has created different calculations that are routinely utilized for content translation, design acknowledgment, and a numerous other business purposes and has prompted a different research enthusiasm for information mining to recognize shrouded regularities or abnormalities in social information that developing by second. This paper centers around clarifying the idea and development of Machine Learning, a portion of the well known Machine Learning calculations and endeavor to think about three most prevalent calculations dependent on some essential thoughts. Sentiment140dataset was utilized and execution of every calculation as far as preparing time, forecast time and precision of expectation have been reported and analyzed.
Deep learning: a branch of machine learning
Authors: Rajendra Kumar P , Manash E B K
Published: June 2019

Deep learning is a rising territory of machine learning (ML) inquire about. It includes different shrouded layers of artificial neural systems. Deep learning (DL) is a part of machine learning dependent on an arrangement of algorithm that aim to show abnormal state reflections in information. It is utilized by Google in its voice and picture recognition algorithm, by Netflix and Amazon to choose what you need to watch or purchase straightaway, and by specialists at MIT to anticipate what’s to come. Deep Learning is utilized in different fields for accomplishing various levels of deliberation like sound, content, pictures highlight extraction and so forth. The Deep learning philosophy applies nonlinear changes and model reflections of abnormal state in extensive databases. With Deep learning capacity to make forecasts and groupings taking the upside of huge information, it can be a creative answer for issues and issues that have been never thought to be understood in such a simple way. Then again, it makes numerous difficulties on the researchers who are trying to convey such another methodology. The accompanying survey sequentially shows how and in what real applications deep learning algorithms have been used. We have completed a broad writing survey and reviewed the utilization of deep learning in different fields.
Extensive data set analysis & prediction using R
Authors: Grandhe Padmaja , Damarla Vishnu Priya , Mohammad Shaziya
Published: June 2019

Large volumes of data now available in online by several applications. Predictions about future events are difficult in case of Big data. Several applications where these predictions are required are Predicting conformation of waiting list seats in Railway reservations, prediction of some diseases based on health conditions of humans and prediction of students Grades in examination. In the sectors of medical, Railways, airlines and APSRTC fields predictive analysis is useful for taking prevention measures and for future planning. Predictive analytics is a process that comes under the data analysis. Using R we can predict Large data sets in faster manner. This paper predicts the survival of the passengers based on few factors. By considering Titanic data set analysis is performed. Based on the factors gender, class, and age survival of passengers is predicted. Decision Tree and random forest algorithms are used for prediction and for comparing the test data with trained data set.
A Real Time Approach for Detecting Mobile Malicious WebPages
Authors: Deepika S. , Mounika P.
Published: June 2019

Transportable specific web page pages comparison altogether from their work place partners in substance, format and usefulness. Likewise, current processes to apprehend malevolent websites are possibly no longer going to work for such pages. In this paper, we structure and actualize kayo, a machine that acknowledges pernicious and amiable portable webpage. we makes this warranty dependent on static highlights of a website web page going from the amount of iframes to the nearness of found out deceitful Smartphone numbers. Within the first vicinity, we tentatively display the requirement for transportable express structures and in a while recognize a scope of recent static highlights that profoundly relate with flexible malignant WebPages. We then observe to a dataset of extra than 350,000 known favorable and noxious versatile web page pages and showcase 90% precision in characterization. Additionally, we find, describe and document numerous internet site pages missed through Google secure browsing and virus general subsequently, we construct a application augmentation utilizing to defend clients from pernicious flexible web sites steadily. In doing as such, we give the primary static investigation strategy to differentiate malevolent transportable pages.
Big Data Analytics for Popularity Prediction
Authors: Vishnu Murthy G , SwathiReddy M , Balakrishna G
Published: June 2019

In this paper examines the prescient intensity of huge social knowledge in terms of offline and on-line behavior. We have a tendency to address the analysis question of however massive social knowledge from Facebook will anticipate the measure of watchers and TV evaluations inside the instance of the Danish National soccer Association (DBU). The correct and timely prediction of the recognition of programs is of nice worth to content suppliers, advertisers, and television stations. This data is also of profit to operators within the purchase call of TV programs and facilitate advertisers to formulate applicable advertising investment plans. Technically, an explicit program population prediction methodology enhance thecomplete telecast system, like the Content Delivery Network (CDN) methodology and in this way the store technique. Many predictive models supported YouKu, YouTube, and Twitter VOD knowledge are planned.In my planned system, a distance-based k-medoids formula (DTW = Dynamic Time Warping) is employed, that is applied to cluster programs and represents the evolution of recognition in trends. after, the trend-specific predictive models are created severally exploitation Random Forest Regression (RF). Consistent with the info sets removed from AN electronic program direct (EPG) and early survey conventions, freshly printed programs are classified into trends by a gradient enhancing call tree. By consolidating prescient qualities from pattern particular models and in this way the arrangement possibility, the arranged methodology accomplishes higher prescient outcomes.
Protected and Flexible Multi-Keyword Score Search model over Encoded Cloud Data
Authors: Avinash P. , Mohanram K. , Rajasekhar K. , Naik Devendra
Published: June 2019

Disbursed computing is contemporary innovation as any other processing model in wide variety of business organization areas. Expansive portions of sizeable scale divisions are startingto pass the information on to the cloud situation. With the benefit of functionality as an management numerous undertakings are shifting their worthwhile facts to the cloud, since it costs much less, correctly adaptable and may be gotten to from anywhere on every occasion. advanced dynamic multi-watchword positioning inquiry plot with fine key by the use of encoded cloud records that all the whilst underpins dynamic refresh responsibilities as erasing and embeddings information. eager profundity first experiment calculation is accommodated effectiveness multi catchphrases on spot and listing shape. Cryptography is one of the building up believe fashions. on hand protection is a cryptographic technique to provide protection. In variety of scientists have been taking a shot at growing protection and effective on hand encryptiontypes. We take new possible cryptographic techniques relying on statistics structures like CRSA and BTree to improve the size of safety. We advise new multi-watchword are in search of for inquiry over encoded cloud records in recovering nice okay scored files.The vector area model and TFIDF display are applied to carry collectively document and question age. This paper facilities spherical multi catchphrase are looking for dependent on positioning over an encoded cloud facts. The pursuit utilizes the element of evaluation and internal item closeness coordinating. We advocate to assist the super ok Multi-full-content material search for safety and execution examination show off that the proposed model guarantees a immoderate health and not unusual sense and dynamic refresh activities, for example, erasing and such as files. The exploratory results show that the overhead in calculation and correspondence is low.
Li-Fi Technology: High data transmission securely
Authors: Hussein Yaseein Soubhi , Annan Amresh Chetty
Published: June 2019

Visible light communication (VLC) is an optical wireless communication method which transmits data through the medium of light within the visible light spectrum. The bidirectional communication through the light is called light fidelity Li-Fi. The infrastructure of such technology is already available where the light can be used for illumination and communication simultaneously. In the paper, we discuss the usage of VLC applied as Li-Fi as a secure method to transmit data wirelessly in a more secure method compared to the traditional Wi-Fi architecture. In addition, we investigate the bit-error rate (BER) performance in the VLC network based on the modulation format of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for high data transmission.
Theorizing communicative styles on social media: an etymological shift
Authors: Ramachandiran Chandra Reka , Mahmud Malissa Maria
Published: June 2019

Distinct polarities of gender stereotypes ascertain that communicative styles demonstrated by men and women are fundamentally disparate. Numerous researches have established varying communicative styles and methods involved in interpersonal communication, predominantly in the analysis of conversational styles as well as etymological strategies. Nevertheless, the widespread of social media has contributed to a pivotal, fascinating shift in the utilization of lexes, encompassing less conventional gender-based articulacy and distinctness amongst youths within virtual setting. Drawing on the data from disseminated survey and purposive observations on sampled Twitter accounts, this study probed on the correlation between gender stereotypes, communicative styles and linguistic features, manifesting the aggressive, assertive, passive-aggressive and passive traits which are associated with gender-based, stereotypical communicative styles. The findings yielded dominating percentages of males against females in which males possess and exhibit all four traits of communicative styles whereas the observations revealed that both genders demonstrate passive-aggressive and assertive traits.
A compact reconfigurable slotted microstrip patch antenna using pin diode for wireless applications
Authors: Oumar Khalid Moussa , Shyan Lai Nai
Published: June 2019

A compacted (44 x 44 x 3.2 mm3) frequency reconfigurable microstrip antenna that uses electrical switching with PIN diodes is proposed for WiMAX (3500 MHz- 3910 MHz) and high frequency LTE (3500 MHz and 2600 MHz) band. The rectangular microstrip patch was at first designed to operate at the frequency of 3500 MHz as a central frequency and then reconfigured using two electrical PIN diodes placed symmetrically on slot etched at the end of the patch surface to cover further desired frequency applications. For state 1 (S1 = ON, S2 = ON), the designed antenna operates solely 3500 MHz suitable for both domestic LTE and WiMAX. For state 2 (S1 = OFF, S2 = OFF), the antenna covers further 2600 MHz for LTE and (3850 MHz – 3910 MHz) for WiMAX. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using HFSS licensed software. Simulation results show the max gain produced by the antenna is 7.4 dBi with a radiation efficiency of 98% and a maximum bandwidth of 180 MHz.
Fuzzy chromatic number of a wheel graph
Authors: Jasin Glanta P J , Sobha K R
Published: June 2019

Fuzzy graphs have many more applications in modelling real time systems where the level of information inherent in the system varies with different levels of precision. Colouring of graphs is a most important concept in which we partition the vertex (edge) set of any associated graph so that adjacent vertices (edges) belong to different sets of the partition. In this paper we introduce k-Fuzzy total colouring of a wheel graph.
A State-of-the-Art Review of Flood Risk Assessment in Urban Area
Authors: Herath HMM , Wijesekera NTS
Published: June 2019

Flood risk management has become more significant in the face of rapid urban development and the climate change. Many governments and the decision makers have recognized the requirement of resilient flood management policies and strategies for sustainable urban development. During the recent decades, various conceptual framework of flood risk assessment and management emerged and they in turn questioned the characterization of resilience in flood risk management. More recently, research on flood risk management and spatial planning have demonstrated a common discussion platform appreciating the concept of flood resilience in policy and strategy making. However, assessment and operationalization of flood resilience is often questionable due to its conceptual vagueness. The present work is a review of the plurality views of flood resilience. Resilience thinking has moved the focus of flood risk assessment towards vulnerability. Flood resilience embeds the incorporation of spatially distributed land use policies and regulations which are a must for the management of flood vulnerability. Spatial planning reflecting flood resilience becomes vital when managing the uncertainty incorporated with flood risk management. However, the operationalization and legitimacy of the importance of the combined role of spatial planning and flood risk management with stakeholder acceptance still remains implicit and weak.
Stem and root system response of a Norway spruce tree (Picea abies L.) under static loading
Authors: Sagi Padma , Newson Tim , Miller Craig , Mitchell Stephen
Published: June 2019

The mechanical response of a well-instrumented Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) tree under controlled winch loading was monitored. The main aims of this study were to understand the tree-root-soil response to lateral pull loads, to examine the applicability of simple engineering principles to the tree-root-soil response and to introduce a soil component into the tree stability analysis. The stem response was recorded with tilt sensors at three different heights; two sensors at each height tracked the response in transverse directions. These data were used to derive deflection and bending moment profiles of the stem for different lateral loads. A root on the windward side and one on the leeward side were instrumented using strain gauges. The tree was winched to failure and the data were collected from the strain gauges during winching. Using the data obtained from strain gauges on the roots, strain, bending moment, shear force and deflection profiles the roots with increasing load were calculated. Using the soil reaction force-deflection profiles of the roots, equivalent spring stiffness constants were determined. An estimate of the anchorage strength and moment–rotation relationship was made using a simple characteristic curve equation normalized by the failure moment and rotation that can be modified for different soil conditions.
Superior Aerobic Capacity and Indices of Skeletal Muscle Morphology in Chronically Trained Master Endurance Athletes Compared With Untrained Older Adults
Authors: McKendry James , Joanisse Sophie , Baig Shanat , Liu Boyang , Parise Gianni , Greig Carolyn A , Breen Leigh
Published: June 2019

The study aim was to comprehensively assess physiological function and muscle morphology in chronically trained older individuals against untrained young and older individuals. In a cross-sectional design, 15 young untrained controls (YC) (20 ± 2.7 years, 78.9 ± 13.3 kg), 12 untrained older controls (OC) (69.8 ± 4.1 years, 77.5 ± 14.2 kg), and 14 endurance-trained master athletes (MA) (67.1 ± 4.1 years, 68.7 ± 6.5 kg) underwent assessments of body composition, aerobic capacity, strength, muscle architecture, and fiber-type morphology. Skeletal muscle index was lower and body fat greater in OC versus MA. Estimated VO2max (mL·kg−1·minute−1) was similar between MA and YC, but lower in OC. Isometric leg strength normalized to fat-free mass was similar between groups, whereas normalized isometric arm strength was greater in YC than MA. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) I fiber area was greater in MA than OC, while MHC II fiber area was greater in YC than OC. MHC II fiber myonuclear domain size was greater in YC than OC and MA, whereas MA had greater MHC I and MHC II fiber capillarization than OC and YC. Satellite cell content was similar between groups. Chronic endurance training enhances indices of muscle morphology and improves body composition and aerobic capacity in older age, with potentially important implications for healthspan extension.
3D-CFD analysis of the effect of cooling via minitubes on the performance of a three-fluid combined membrane contactor
Authors: Afrasiabian Ehsan , Iliev Oleg , Shklyar Inga , Prill Torben , Isetti Carlo , Lazzari Stefano
Published: June 2019

A 3D computational fluid dynamics model was adopted to study the effects of internal cooling on the performance of a three-fluid combined membrane contactor (3F-CMC), in the presence of minitubes in solution and a spacer in the air channel. This compact 3F-CMC is part of a hybrid climate-control system, recently developed for serving in electric vehicles. For the studied operating conditions, results show that the absorption and sensible effectiveness parameters increase up to 77% and 124% by internal cooling, respectively. This study also reports 3D flow effects on the heat and mass transfer enhancement inside the contactor, with implications for further design improvements.
Repertoire and Neutralizing Activity of Antibodies Against Hepatitis C Virus E2 Peptide in Patients With Spontaneous Resolution of Hepatitis C
Authors: Olbrich Anne , Wardemann Hedda , Böhm Stephan , Rother Karen , Colpitts Che C , Wrensch Florian , Baumert Thomas F , Berg Thomas , Benckert Julia
Published: June 2019

Neutralizing antibodies can prevent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Here, we characterized the immunoglobulin repertoire of memory B-cell antibodies against a linear epitope in the central front layer of the HCV envelope (E2; amino acids 483–499) in patients who were infected in a single-source outbreak. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction–based immunoglobulin gene cloning and recombinant expression approach was used to express monoclonal antibodies from HCV E2 peptide–binding immunoglobulin G–positive memory B cells. We identified highly mutated antibodies with a neutralizing effect in vitro against different genotype isolates sharing similar gene features. Our data confirm the importance of VH1–69 use for neutralizing activity. The data offer a promising basis for vaccine research and the use of anti-E2 antibodies as a means of passive immunization.
Assessment of Pollen Diversity Available to Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Major Cropping Systems During Pollination in the Western United States
Authors: Topitzhofer Ellen , Lucas Hannah , Chakrabarti Priyadarshini , Breece Carolyn , Bryant Vaughn , Sagili Ramesh R
Published: June 2019

Global western honey bee, Apis mellifera (L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), colony declines pose a significant threat to food production worldwide. Poor nutrition resulting from habitat loss, extensive monocultures, and agricultural intensification is among the several suggested drivers for colony declines. Pollen is the primary source of protein for honey bees; therefore, both pollen abundance and diversity are critical for colony growth and survival. Many cropping systems that employ honey bee colonies for pollination may lack sufficient pollen diversity and abundance to provide optimal bee nutrition. In this observational study, we documented the diversity and relative abundance of pollen collected by honey bees in five major pollinator-dependent crops in the western United States. We sampled pollen from pollen traps installed on honey bee colonies in the following cropping systems—almond, cherry, highbush blueberry, hybrid carrot, and meadowfoam. The pollen diversity was estimated by documenting the number of different pollen pellet colors and plant taxa found in each pollen sample. The lowest pollen diversity was found in almond crop. Relatively higher quantities of pollen collection were collected in almond, cherry, and meadowfoam cropping systems. The information gleaned from this study regarding pollen diversity and abundance may help growers, land managers, and beekeepers improve pollen forage available to bees in these cropping systems.
Effect of inbreeding on sex ratio in the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Kumagai Natsumi , Yusa Yoichi
Published: June 2019

Female-biased sex ratios are adaptive in populations founded by a small number of individuals and are mainly due to local mate competition (the haystack model). However, little empirical support for this theory exists and, with the exception of terrestrial vertebrates and arthropods, very little is known about the possible mechanisms for biased sex ratios under this model in animals. The highly invasive freshwater snail Pomacea canaliculata usually reproduces in small temporary water bodies and is characterized by genetically based variable brood sex ratios. We conducted a mating experiment to test the prediction that sex ratio is biased towards females in inbred populations. Inbred lines (pairing of a male and a female from the same brood) and outcrossed lines (pairing of a male and a female from different broods) were reared in the lab, and sex ratios were compared between these two breeding types for three generations (the F1 generation was produced by outcrossing only). As predicted, the sex ratios of the inbred lines showed greater bias towards females (average proportion of males per generation was 0.38–0.40) than the outcrossed lines (0.45–0.55). The female-biased sex ratios of P. canaliculata may facilitate rapid population growth and may thus enhance the invasive capacity of this snail. Female-biased sex ratios under metapopulation structures, as predicted by the haystack models, may be more common than previously considered.
Design and Validation of a Cervical Laminectomy Simulator using 3D Printing and Hydrogel Phantoms
Authors: Weiss Menachem Y , Melnyk Rachel , Mix Doran , Ghazi Ahmed , Vates G Edward , Stone Jonathan J
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND

The development of technical skills for a cervical laminectomy are traditionally acquired through intraoperative learning and cadaveric courses. These methods provide little objective assessment, involve financial and biohazard considerations, and may not incorporate desired pathology.

OBJECTIVE

To develop an inexpensive cervical spine laminectomy simulator capable of measuring operative performance and to assess its face, content, and construct validity.

METHODS

A virtual model was generated and 3D printed into negative molds. A multilayered surgical phantom was fabricating by filling molds with hydrogels, plaster, and fiberglass. A pressure transducer measured simulated spinal cord manipulation. Participants completed full-procedural laminectomy simulations. Post-simulation surveys assessed face and content validity. Construct validity was assessed by comparing expert and novice procedural metrics.

RESULTS

Twelve surgeons participated. The simulator received median face and content validity ratings of 4/5. Differences between experts and novices were found in mean intrathecal pressure wave count (84 vs 153, P = .023), amplitude (4 vs 12% > 2SD above expert mean, P < .001), area under curve (4 vs 12% > 2SD above expert mean, P < .001), procedure time (35 vs 69 min P = .003), and complication rates (none vs 3 incorrect levels decompressed and 1 dural tear, P = .06). Insignificant differences were found in mean pressure wave slope and blood loss.

CONCLUSION

This inexpensive cervical laminectomy simulator received favorable face and content validity ratings, and distinguished novice from expert participants. Further studies are needed to determine this simulator's role in the training and assessment of novice surgeons.
Is Symmetry Breaking into Special Subgroup Special?
Authors: Kugo Taichiro , Yamatsu Naoki
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this paper is to show that symmetry breaking into special subgroups is not special at all, contrary to the usual wisdom. To demonstrate this explicitly, we examine the dynamical symmetry breaking pattern in four-dimensional $SU(N)$ Nambu–Jona-Lasinio-type models in which the fermion matter belongs to an irreducible representation of $SU(N)$. Potential analysis shows that for almost all cases at the potential minimum the $SU(N)$ group symmetry is broken to its special subgroups such as $SO(N)$ or ${USp}(N)$ when symmetry breaking occurs.
Hydroxychloroquine treatment downregulates systemic interferon activation in primary Sjögren’s syndrome in the JOQUER randomized trial
Authors: Bodewes Iris L A , Gottenberg Jacques-Eric , van Helden-Meeuwsen Cornelia G , Mariette Xavier , Versnel Marjan A
Published: June 2019

Objective

HCQ is frequently used to treat primary SS (pSS), but evidence for its efficacy is limited. HCQ blocks IFN activation, which is present in half of the pSS patients. The effect of HCQ treatment on the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) was studied in pSS. Furthermore, HCQ-treated patients were stratified based on IFN activation and differences in disease activity and clinical parameters were studied.

Methods

Expression of ISGs and IFN scores was determined in 77 patients, who were previously enrolled in the placebo-controlled JOQUER trial. Patients were treated for 24 weeks with 400 mg/d HCQ or placebo.

Results

HCQ treatment reduced IFN scores and expression of ISGs compared with the placebo-treated group. HCQ reduced ESR, IgG and IgM levels independently of the patients' IFN activation status. No differences in EULAR SS disease activity index or EULAR SS patient reported index scores were observed after HCQ treatment, even after IFN stratification.

Conclusion

Treatment for 24 weeks with HCQ significantly reduced type I IFN scores and ISG-expression compared with the placebo-treated group. HCQ reduced several laboratory parameters, but failed to improve clinical response. This suggests that in pSS, type I IFN is associated to some laboratory parameters abnormalities, but not related to the clinical response.
Ways to use interventions to increase participation in mail-out bowel cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Myers Larry , Goodwin Belinda , March Sonja , Dunn Jeff
Published: June 2019

The impact of colorectal cancer can be reduced through nationwide fecal occult blood test (FOBT) screening. Unfortunately, participation in screening programs are low with interventions only increasing participation modestly.

This meta-analysis explores if intervention effectiveness can be increased by targeting specific subpopulations with specific interventions or by combining interventions. Six databases were searched for studies aiming to increase participation in mail-out FOBT screening. To investigate if interventions are more effective for certain subpopulations, the difference in (log) Risk Ratios (RRs) between alternate subpopulations (male vs. female; low vs. high Socioeconomic Status (SES); <65 vs. ≥65 years) was assessed. To investigate if interventions should be combined, uptake rates for single interventions were compared to uptake rates for combined interventions. Cochrane Collaboration tools were used to assess the risk of bias.

Searches found 3,436 articles, with 32 meeting the inclusion criteria. These contained 30 trials that reported uptake rates within subpopulations and 17 trials that combined interventions. Most differences in intervention effects between subpopulations were nonsignificant. Combining interventions led to greater participation, RR = 1.06, confidence interval [1.03; 1.10]. As interventions rarely affect subpopulations differently, targeting them at specific subpopulations may be an ineffective strategy. While individual interventions show modest effects, these results indicate that future programs might overcome this by combining interventions together. Care is needed when selecting interventions to combine as adding some interventions (e.g., additional print materials) can reduce the effectiveness of a combined strategy. Future research should examine methods for effectively combining interventions in nationwide programs to maximize participation.
Physiologically Based Kinetic Modeling-Facilitated Reverse Dosimetry to Predict In Vivo Red Blood Cell Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Following Exposure to Chlorpyrifos in the Caucasian and Chinese Population
Authors: Zhao Shensheng , Kamelia Lenny , Boonpawa Rungnapa , Wesseling Sebastiaan , Spenkelink Bert , Rietjens Ivonne M C M
Published: June 2019

Organophosphates have a long history of use as insecticides over the world. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interethnic differences in kinetics, biomarker formation, and in vivo red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition of chlorpyrifos (CPF) in the Chinese and the Caucasian population. To this purpose, physiologically based kinetic models for CPF in both the Chinese and Caucasian population were developed, and used to study time- and dose-dependent interethnic variation in urinary biomarkers and to convert concentration-response curves for red blood cell acetylcholinesterase inhibition to in vivo dose-response curves in these 2 populations by reverse dosimetry. The results obtained revealed a marked interethnic difference in toxicokinetics of CPF, with lower urinary biomarker levels at similar dose levels and slower CPF bioactivation and faster chlorpyrifos-oxon detoxification in the Chinese compared with the Caucasian population, resulting in 5- to 6-fold higher CPF sensitivity of the Caucasian than the Chinese population. These differences might be related to variation in the frequency of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for the major biotransformation enzymes involved. To conclude, the interethnic variation in kinetics of CPF may affect both its biomarker-based exposure assessment and its toxicity and risk assessment and physiologically based kinetic modeling facilitates the characterization and quantification of these interethnic variations.
A Multicenter Study of the Causes and Consequences of Optimistic Expectations About Prognosis by Surrogate Decision-Makers in ICUs*
Authors: White Douglas B. , Carson Shannon , Anderson Wendy , Steingrub Jay , Bird Garrett , Curtis J. Randall , Matthay Michael , Peterson Michael , Buddadhumaruk Praewpannarai , Shields Anne-Marie , Ernecoff Natalie , Shotsberger Kaitlin , Weissfeld Lisa , Chang Chung-Chou H. , Pike Francis , Lo Bernard , Hough Catherine L.
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

Optimistic expectations about prognosis by surrogate decision-makers in ICUs are common, but there are few data about the causes and clinical consequences. Our objective was to determine the causes of optimistic expectations about prognosis among surrogates and whether it is associated with more use of life support at the end of life.

Design:

Prospective, multicenter cohort study from 2009 to 2012.

Setting:

Twelve ICUs from multiple regions of the United States.

Subjects:

The surrogates and physicians of 275 incapacitated ICU patients at high risk of death.

Interventions:

None.

Measurements and Main Results:

Surrogates and physicians completed a validated instrument assessing their prognostic expectations for hospital survival. We determined the proportion of surrogates with optimistic expectations, defined as a prognostic estimate that was at least 20% more optimistic than the physician’s, then determined how frequently this arose from surrogates miscomprehending the physicians’ prognosis versus holding more hopeful beliefs compared with the physician. We used multivariable regression to examine whether optimistic expectations were associated with length of stay, stratified by survival status, and time to withdrawal of life support among nonsurvivors. Overall, 45% of surrogates (95% CI, 38–51%) held optimistic expectations about prognosis, which arose from a combination of misunderstanding the physician’s prognostic expectations and from holding more hopeful beliefs compared with the physician. Optimistic expectations by surrogates were associated with significantly longer duration of ICU treatment among nonsurvivors before death (β coefficient = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.05–0.83; p = 0.027), corresponding to a 56% longer ICU stay. This difference was associated with a significantly longer time to withdrawal of life support among dying patients whose surrogates had optimistic prognostic expectations compared with those who did not (β coefficient = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.16–1.07; p = 0.009).

Conclusions:

The prevalent optimism about prognosis among surrogates in ICUs arises both from surrogates’ miscomprehension of physicians’ prognostications and from surrogates holding more hopeful beliefs. This optimism is associated with longer duration of life support at the end of life.