bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of forest and shrub canopies on precipitation partitioning and isotopic signatures
Authors: Soulsby Chris , Braun Hannah , Sprenger Matthias , Weiler Markus , Tetzlaff Doerthe
Published: September 2017

Over a 4‐month summer period, we monitored how forest (Pinus sylvestris) and heather moorland (Calluna spp. and Erica spp.) vegetation canopies altered the volume and isotopic composition of net precipitation (NP) in a southern boreal landscape in northern Scotland. During that summer period, interception losses were relatively high and higher under forests compared to moorland (46% of gross rainfall [GR] compared with 35%, respectively). Throughfall (TF) volumes exhibited marked spatial variability in forests, depending upon local canopy density, but were more evenly distributed under heather moorland. In the forest stands, stemflow was a relatively small canopy flow path accounting for only 0.9–1.6% of NP and only substantial in larger events. Overall, the isotopic composition of NP was not markedly affected by canopy interactions; temporal variation of stable water isotopes in TF closely corresponded to that of GR with differences of TF‐GR being −0.52‰ for δ2H and −0.14‰ for δ18O for forests and 0.29‰ for δ2H and −0.04‰ for δ18O for heather moorland. These differences were close to, or within, analytical precision of isotope determination, though the greater differences under forest were statistically significant. Evidence for evaporative fractionation was generally restricted to low rainfall volumes in low intensity events, though at times, subtle effects of liquid–vapour moisture exchange and/or selective transmission though canopies were evident. Fractionation and other effects were more evident in stemflow but only marked in smaller events. The study confirmed earlier work that increased forest cover in the Scottish Highlands will likely cause an increase in interception and green water fluxes at the expenses of blue water fluxes to streams. However, the low‐energy, humid environment means that isotopic changes during such interactions will only have a minor overall effect on the isotopic composition of NP.
The European Insolvency Regulation and the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐Border Insolvency
Authors: Bork Reinhard
Published: September 2017

This article compares the Recast European Insolvency Regulation of 2015 with the UNCITRAL Model Law on Cross‐Border Insolvency of 1997, focussed on their scope of application, international jurisdiction and the coordination of main and secondary proceedings. The scopes of both catalogues of norms and their rules on coordination of main and secondary insolvency proceedings reflect one another. However, the Recast EIR makes a significantly greater contribution to the unification of law and is also more fully differentiated and more precise, even if this comes at a price, namely, limited flexibility. The UNCITRAL Model Law made an important contribution to the harmonisation of international insolvency law but requires now modernisation. Copyright © 2017 INSOL International and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal direct load control of renewable powered small cells: A shortest path approach
Authors: Piovesan Nicola , Dini Paolo
Published: September 2017

In this letter, we propose an optimal direct load control of renewable powered smaller base stations (SBSs) in a two‐tier mobile network based on dynamic programming (DP). We represent the DP optimization using Graph Theory and state the problem as a Shortest Path search. We use the Label Correcting Method to explore the graph and find the optimal ON/OFF policy for the SBSs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is able to adapt to the varying conditions of the environment, namely renewable energy arrivals and traffic demands. The key benefit of our study is that it allows elaborating on the behavior and performance bounds of the system and gives guidance for approximated policy search methods.
Emotion‐related impulsivity and rumination predict the perimenstrual severity and trajectory of symptoms in women with a menstrually related mood disorder
Authors: Dawson Danyelle N. , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory A. , Paulson Julia L. , Peters Jessica R. , Rubinow David R. , Girdler Susan S.
Published: September 2017

Objective

Women with menstrually related mood disorders (MRMDs) demonstrate clinically significant distress during the premenstrual week that remits with the onset of menses. Relatively little is known about psychosocial mechanisms of MRMDs. Given the core affective and behavioral symptoms of MRMDs, dysfunctional responses to emotion (e.g., difficulties with awareness and regulation of emotion; rumination and impulsive or maladaptive behavior in response to emotion) may be important factors to explore as cognitive and behavioral mechanisms in MRMDs. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of various dysfunctional responses to emotion (as measured using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [DERS] and brooding on the Ruminative Responses Scale [RRS]) with premenstrual symptom severity and trajectory.

Method

A total of 54 women (mean age = 38.11; 65% Caucasian) with prospectively confirmed MRMDs completed the DERS and RRS, and provided 2–4 menstrual cycles of daily symptom reports.

Results

Only the emotion‐related impulsivity subscale of the DERS was robustly associated with premenstrual symptom severity. Brooding rumination predicted a more rapid premenstrual increase and slower postmenstrual remission of some symptoms.

Conclusion

Both rumination and emotion‐related impulsivity may be important treatment targets in cognitive behavioral interventions aimed at reducing symptom severity and cyclicity in MRMDs.
Compassionate and self‐image goals as interpersonal maintenance factors in clinical depression and anxiety
Authors: Erickson Thane M. , Granillo M. Teresa , Crocker Jennifer , Abelson James L. , Reas Hannah E. , Quach Christina M.
Published: September 2017

Objective

Interpersonal models of depression and anxiety have not examined the role of interpersonal goals in shaping relationships and symptoms. Striving to promote/protect desired self‐images (self‐image goals) may undermine relationships and increase symptoms, whereas striving to support others (compassionate goals) may be protective, but clinical relevance is unknown.

Method

We tested effects of compassionate versus self‐image goals on interpersonal functioning and symptoms in clinically depressed and/or anxious participants (N = 47) during 10 days of experience sampling, over a 6‐week follow‐up, and in a dyadic relationship.

Results

Participants reported higher conflict and symptoms on days that they most pursued self‐image goals, but noted higher perceived support and lower symptoms when pursuing compassionate goals. Goals prospectively predicted symptom changes 6 weeks later. Lastly, informant‐rated interpersonal goals predicted relationship satisfaction of both patients and significant others.

Conclusion

Results suggest the relevance of self‐image and compassionate goals for the interpersonal maintenance of depression and anxiety.
The client's perspective on (experiences of) psychotherapy: A practice friendly review
Authors: Timulak Ladislav , Keogh Daragh
Published: September 2017

Recent decades have seen a significant increase in the number of studies exploring client perspectives on, and experiences of, psychotherapy. The present article provides a practice friendly overview of this research, identifying common domains of inquiry, and providing examples of findings relevant to practitioners. Research in this area can be categorized in terms of the client's perspective pertaining to theoretical constructs, studies of client satisfaction, and qualitative studies that are either open‐ended or explore specific aspects of client experiences. Examples of this latter category include studies looking at distinct processes (e.g., self‐disclosure), particular theoretical constructs (e.g., therapeutic alliance), helpful versus unhelpful aspects of therapy, and significant events. Research suggests that therapist willingness to seek client perspectives, openness to hear what clients have to say, nondefensiveness in the face of negative feedback, and ability to modulate actions accordingly are all likely to contribute to stronger relationships with clients and stronger collaboration, correspondingly contributing to stronger therapeutic outcomes.
Smallest domination number and largest independence number of graphs and forests with given degree sequence
Authors: Gentner Michael , Henning Michael A. , Rautenbach Dieter
Published: September 2017

For a sequence d of nonnegative integers, let and be the sets of all graphs and forests with degree sequence d, respectively. Let , , , and where is the domination number and is the independence number of a graph G. Adapting results of Havel and Hakimi, Rao showed in 1979 that can be determined in polynomial time. We establish the existence of realizations with , and with and that have strong structural properties. This leads to an efficient algorithm to determine for every given degree sequence d with bounded entries as well as closed formulas for and .
The genesis of victimization surveys and of the realist‐constructionist divide
Authors: de Castelbajac Matthieu
Published: September 2017

The invention of victimization surveys is often presented as a synthesis of the two theoretical attitudes that, supposedly, dominated the 1960s debate over official crime statistics: realism and social constructionism. This paper turns this genesis story on its head. Using original archives, I argue that victimization surveys responded to organizational opportunities in the field of applied research. It was only after the fact that two of their architects seized the debate on crime measurement to broadcast their invention. In so doing they strategically recast the terms of this debate into a binary division between two antithetical social ontologies. This case is used to discuss how social scientists come to reinterpret and misunderstand their history.
Comparative ultrastructure of coxal glands in unfed larvae of Leptotrombidium orientale (Schluger, 1948) (Trombiculidae) and Hydryphantes ruber (de Geer, 1778) (Hydryphantidae)
Authors: Shatrov Andrey B.
Published: September 2017

Coxal glands of unfed larvae Leptotrombidium orientale (Schluger, 1948) (Trombiculidae), a terrestrial mite parasitizing vertebrates, and Hydryphantes ruber (de Geer, 1778) (Hydryphantidae), a water mite parasitizing insects were studied using transmission electron microscopy. In both species, the coxal glands are represented by a paired tubular organ extending on the sides of the brain from the mouthparts to the frontal midgut wall and are formed of the cells arranged around the central lumen. As in other Parasitengona, the coxal glands are devoid of a proximal sacculus. The excretory duct, joining with ducts of the prosomal salivary glands constitutes the common podocephalic duct, opening into the subcheliceral space. The coxal glands of L. orientale are composed of a distal tubule with a basal labyrinth, an intermediate segment without labyrinth, and a proximal tubule bearing tight microvilli on the apical cell surface and coiled around the intermediate segment. The coxal glands of H. ruber mainly consist of the uniformly organized proximal tubule with apical microvilli of the cells lacking the basal labyrinth. This tubule shows several loops running backward and forward in a vertical plane on the side of the brain. In contrast to L. orientale, larvae of H. ruber reveal a terminal cuticular sac/bladder for accumulation of secreted fluids. Organization of the coxal glands depends on the ecological conditions of mites. Larvae of terrestrial L. orientale possess distal tubule functioning in re‐absorption of ions and water. Conversely, water mite larvae H. ruber need to evacuate of the water excess, so the filtrating proximal tubule is prominent.
Distinct histomorphology for growth arrest and digitate outgrowth in cultivated Haliclona sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae)
Authors: Wanick Rodrigo , Mermelstein Claudia , Andrade Ivone R. , Santelli Ricardo E. , Paranhos Rodolfo P. R. , Coutinho Cristiano C.
Published: September 2017

The use of sponges in biotechnological processes is limited by the supply problem, and sponge biomass production is becoming a current topic of research. The distinction between characteristics for growth and growth arrest is also important for environmental monitoring. In this study, we analyze the morphology of the digitate outgrowths from the sponge Haliclona sp. The sponge Haliclona sp. was successfully cultivated for 14 months in a closed system. The morphological characterization of growth arrest was performed after submitting explants to starvation‐stress for approximately 2 weeks, to correlate morphology with growth and growth arrest. The digitate outgrowth showed three distinct regions: mature (MR), transition (TR) and immature (IR). Our data suggest a growth developmental program, with collagen fascicles guiding axial growth in IR, followed by progressive development of choanocyte chambers and large aquiferous systems at the more mature proximal region (choanosome). The intercalation of choanocyte chambers and small aquiferous systems inside collagen fascicles previously originated at the IR region can be responsible for thickening expansion and conversion of the collagen fascicles into columnar choanosome in MR. The growth arrest after starvation‐stress assay showed morphological changes in the IR corroborating collagen in the extreme tip of the digitate outgrowth as an important role in guiding of axial growth of Haliclona sp. The identification of distinct morphologies for growth and growth arrest suggest a growth developmental program, and these data could be useful for further investigations addressing sponge biomass gain and environmental monitoring.
Effect of drying methods on the structure, thermo and functional properties of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) protein isolate
Authors: Feyzi Samira , Varidi Mehdi , Zare Fatemeh , Varidi Mohammad Javad
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

Different drying methods due to protein denaturation could alter the functional properties of proteins, as well as their structure. So, this study focused on the effect of different drying methods on amino acid content, thermo and functional properties, and protein structure of fenugreek protein isolate.

RESULTS

Freeze and spray drying methods resulted in comparable protein solubility, dynamic surface and interfacial tensions, foaming and emulsifying properties except for emulsion stability. Vacuum oven drying promoted emulsion stability, surface hydrophobicity and viscosity of fenugreek protein isolate at the expanse of its protein solubility. Vacuum oven process caused a higher level of Maillard reaction followed by the spray drying process, which was confirmed by the lower amount of lysine content and less lightness, also more browning intensity. ΔH of fenugreek protein isolates was higher than soy protein isolate, which confirmed the presence of more ordered structures. Also, the bands which are attributed to the α‐helix structures in the FTIR spectrum were in the shorter wave number region for freeze and spray dried fenugreek protein isolates that show more possibility of such structures.

CONCLUSION

This research suggests that any drying method must be conducted in its gentle state in order to sustain native structure of proteins and promote their functionalities. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Oncologic outcomes of KTP laser surgery versus radiation for T1 glottic carcinoma
Authors: Ahmed Jamal , Ibrahim Ahmed Sherif Gabr , M. Freedman Laura , Rosow David E.
Published: September 2017

Objectives/Hypothesis

To characterize outcomes for patients who underwent transoral microsurgery with potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser resection of early glottic cancers and to compare outcomes with patients who received external beam radiation therapy.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

The history of patients with T1 glottic carcinoma treated with curative primary radiation or transoral KTP laser resection was reviewed. Oncologic outcomes for both radiation and surgery cohorts including disease‐free and overall survival were calculated.

Results

Eighty‐seven patients met inclusion criteria from 2011 to 2016; 47 patients (54%) received primary KTP laser ablation, and 40 patients (46%) received primary external beam radiotherapy. The average length of follow‐up was 924 ± 529 days in the KTP laser group and 994 ± 603 days in the radiation group (P = .26). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in terms of medical or demographic variables. There were six recurrences in the KTP laser group (13%), versus six in the radiotherapy group (15%) (P = .77). The laryngeal preservation rate for the cohort of patients who initially received KTP laser treatment was 46 out of 47 patients (98%). Of the cohort that received primary radiation therapy, the laryngeal preservation rate was 36 out of 40 patients (90%, P = .18). Disease‐free and overall survival were 88% and 98% in the KTP laser cohort and 85% and 95% in the radiation cohort (P = .78, P = .56), respectively.

Conclusions

KTP laser ablation is a modality equivalent to primary radiation therapy in oncologic outcomes for T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:1052–1056, 2018
Perceptions of pain of laryngeal electromyography
Authors: O'Connell Ferster Ashley P. , Hu Amanda
Published: September 2017

Objective

To evaluate pain associated with laryngeal electromyography (LEMG).

Study Design

A prospective case series.

Methods

Adult patients scheduled for LEMG in a tertiary care laryngology practice were recruited between July 20, 2016, and March 1, 2017. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the charts. Study participants reported their anticipated pain level using a visual analog scale (VAS) prior to the procedure. VAS was administered again within 10 minutes after the procedure, along with the validated McGill Pain Questionnaire, to gauge patient's pain perception after undergoing LEMG.

Results

Results were reviewed for 80 patients (mean age 48.2 ± 16.6 years, 37.5% male). Preprocedure VAS pain scores (4.59 ± 2.3 out of 10) were not significantly different than postprocedure VAS pain scores (4.61 ± 2.4) (P = 0.95). The McGill Pain Questionnaire reported a moderate pain level (32.1 ± 12.7 out of 78). Females anticipated a higher preprocedure VAS pain score (5.04 ± 2.3) than males (3.85 ± 2.2) (P = 0.02); however, postprocedure scores were not significantly different between genders. The following factors did not influence the pain scores: age, professional voice use, history of previous EMG, chronic pain diagnosis, psychiatric diagnosis, or current treatment with pain/psychiatric medications. All LEMGs were completed without any complications.

Conclusion

Patients appropriately anticipated their pain levels for the LEMG, which may be attributed to proper patient education and counselling before the procedure. Overall pain levels were mild to moderate, and all LEMGs were completed; thus, LEMG was well tolerated.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 128:896–900, 2018
Laryngeal exposure and margin status in glottic cancer treated by transoral laser microsurgery
Authors: Piazza Cesare , Paderno Alberto , Grazioli Paola , Del Bon Francesca , Montalto Nausica , Perotti Pietro , Morello Riccardo , Filauro Marta , Nicolai Piero , Peretti Giorgio
Published: September 2017

Objective

Laryngeal exposure is one of the most limiting factors in transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for glottic cancer. We evaluated the correlation between the degree of laryngeal exposure, as assessed by an easy previously described scoring tool (Laryngoscore), and histopathologic surgical margin status after TLM.

Study Design

Prospective evaluation of 147 patients affected by Tis–T2 glottic cancer treated by TLM with curative intent between January 2012 and April 2016.

Methods

All patients were preoperatively assessed and classified as having good (group A including Laryngoscore class 0–I) or suboptimal laryngeal exposure (group B including class II–III). Margins were classified as negative (more than 1 mm margin between healthy tissue and tumor) or positive (one/multiple superficial or deep margins involved by invasive or in situ carcinoma). Patients with multiple superficial or deep margin positivity were scheduled for TLM re‐excision, open partial laryngectomy, or postoperative radiotherapy.

Results

Twenty‐one type I, 54 type II, 19 type III, 7 type IV, 41 type V, and 5 type VI cordectomies (according to the European Laryngological Society classification) were performed with an en‐bloc or multi‐bloc technique according to the size, site, and exposure of the lesion. Group A included 109 (74%) and group B included 38 (26%) patients. Positive surgical margins were overall observed in 39 (26.5%) cases: 21 (19.2%) in group A versus 18 (47.4%) in group B (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

Laryngeal exposure is one of the most important factors influencing TLM resection of glottic cancer within safe surgical margins. The importance of its adequate preoperative assessment cannot be overemphasized.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1146–1151, 2018
Effect of aging and direction of impulse in video head impulse test
Authors: Kim Tae Hwan , Kim Min‐Beom
Published: September 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the difference of gain value in the video head impulse test (vHIT) according to the age of the patient and the direction of the impulse.

Method

All participants were subjected to vHIT with horizontal semicircular canal (HSCC). vHIT with vertical canal (posterior and anterior semicircular canal [PSCC and ASCC]) additionally was performed in 434 participants.

Results

The mean vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain was maintained in patients in the HSCC at below 70 years (1.025 ± 0.08) and in the vertical canal at below 80 years (PSCC: 0.965 ± 0.12, ASCC: 0.975 ± 0.14). However, the decrease of VOR gain was significant in patients over 70 years in the HSCC (0.978 ± 0.35, P < .001) and in patients over 80 years in the vertical canal (PSCC: 0.828 ± 0.16, ASCC: 0.851 ± 0.13, P < .001). In addition, a VOR gain of rightward impulse was higher than the leftward impulse, but there was no difference based on the direction of impulse in the vertical impulse test.

Conclusion

VOR gain declines with increasing age, over 70 years on the horizontal canal, and over 80 years on the vertical canal. Additionally, horizontal VOR gain of rightward impulse was higher than the leftward impulse in right‐eye recordings only, but the vertical canal showed no difference of gain according to the direction of impulse.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 128:E228–E233, 2018
Efficacy of dexmedetomidine for perioperative morbidities in pediatric tonsillectomy: A metaanalysis
Authors: Cho Hye Kyung , Yoon Ho Young , Jin Ho Jun , Hwang Se Hwan
Published: September 2017

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the effects of perioperative dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to tonsillectomy compared with opioid or sham in children.

Data Source

Five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched from inception of article collections to April 2017.

Review Methods

Prospective, randomized controlled studies that compared outcomes between children who underwent tonsillectomy plus dexmedetomidine administration (intervention) and children who underwent tonsillectomy with placebo or opioid (control) were systemically and independently reviewed by two researchers. The outcomes of interest were emergence agitation, postoperative pain intensity, rescue analgesic consumption, and other morbidities (nausea and vomiting and agitation).

Results

Fifteen studies with n = 1,552 met the inclusion criteria. Postoperative pain scores and the need for analgesics in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) were significantly decreased in the dexmedetomidine group versus the control group. The incidence and degree of agitation and desaturation incidence in the PACU also were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in the duration of staying PACU between both groups. In subgroup analyses by administration method (bolus injection or continuous injection), dexmedetomidine was shown to be effective at reducing postoperative morbidities regardless of administration method.

Conclusion

Perioperative administration of dexmedetomidine can provide pain and agitation relief without side effects in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. Considering the high heterogeneity of results within some parameters; however, further clinical trials with robust research methodology should be conducted to confirm the results of this study. Laryngoscope, 128:E184–E193, 2018
Aluminum Nanotripods for Light‐Matter Coupling Robust to Nanoemitter Orientation
Authors: Pacheco‐Peña Víctor , Fernández‐Domínguez Antonio I. , Luo Yu , Beruete Miguel , Navarro‐Cía Miguel
Published: September 2017

Nanoantennas enable the concentration and manipulation of light at the (sub‐)nanoscale. This ability offers novel strategies to strengthen light‐matter interactions in a controlled fashion. However, most nanoantennas are highly sensitive to light polarization and emitter orientation, which is disadvantageous for many applications (e.g., Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy depend strongly on molecular symmetry and orientation, as well as on the local optical field gradient). It is also unfortunate that analytical descriptions, essential to bridge experimental observations to knowledge and future design guidelines, have lagged behind. Here, resorting to conformal transformation, aluminum nanotripods excited by a nanoemitter of arbitrary orientation are studied analytically. Our results, corroborated with full‐wave simulations, show that aluminum nanotripods are robust not only to emitter orientation, but also to its position. Hence, this work exemplifies the effectiveness and efficiency of transformation optics to analytically describe and optimize light‐matter interaction in complex plasmonic nanoantennas.
Balancing Block Copolymer Thickness over Template Density in Graphoepitaxy Approach
Authors: Barros Patricia Pimenta , Gharbi Ahmed , Fouquet Antoine , Bos Sandra , Hazart Jérôme , Delachat Florian , Chevalier Xavier , Cayrefourcq Ian , Pain Laurent , Tiron Raluca
Published: September 2017

Directed self‐assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCP) is one of the most promising patterning solutions for sub‐10 nm nodes. While significant achievements are demonstrated in pattern fidelity for various applications (contact shrink, line patterning), some challenges are still needed to be overcome especially regarding the defect density reduction, in order to ensure DSA insertion in high‐volume manufacturing. In particular, in the case of the graphoepitaxy approach, a remaining challenge is to solve the pattern‐densities‐related defect issue due to BCP film thickness variation inside the guiding template. In order to address this issue, a new DSA process flow called “DSA planarization” is employed for contact‐hole patterning, and consists in overfilling the guiding pattern cavities with a thick BCP film, followed by a plasma etch‐back step. This new approach ensures a uniform control of the final thickness of the BCP inside guiding cavities of different densities, as demonstrated herein by AFM measurement. Thus, defect‐free isolated and dense patterns for both contact shrink and multiplication are simultaneously resolved. Furthermore, the simulation results of BCP self‐assembly overfilling the templates demonstrate that BCP domains are well‐directed in vertical cylinders ordering inside guiding cavities, which confirms the experimental results and the viability of this approach.
Sense and sensibility in personalized e‐commerce: How emotions rebalance the purchase intentions of persuaded customers
Authors: Pappas Ilias O. , Kourouthanassis Panos E. , Giannakos Michail N. , Chrissikopoulos Vassilios
Published: September 2017

This research develops and tests a theoretical model of customer persuasion in personalized online shopping, building on information processing theory, and addressing cognitive and affective stages of the persuasion process. Data from 582 experienced online customers were used to validate the proposed model through structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results show that quality of personalization, message quality, and benefits of the personalized recommendations are important in the persuasion process. Positive emotions increase the effect of persuasion on purchase intentions, contrary to negative emotions. The study extends online personalization theory, offers an in‐depth analysis of the persuasion process in online shopping, and provides valuable recommendations for personalized online marketing.
Controlling Complex Stability in Photoresponsive Macromolecular Host–Guest Systems: Toward Reversible Capture of DNA by Cyclodextrin Vesicles
Authors: Moratz Johanna , Stricker Lucas , Engel Sabrina , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: September 2017

An effective and universal method for delivering structurally diverse biomolecules in vivo would greatly benefit modern drug therapy, but has yet to be discovered. Self‐assembled supramolecular complexes containing vesicles of amphiphilic cyclodextrin and linker molecules with an azobenzene guest unit and a charged functionality have been established as nanoscale carriers for proteins and DNA, making use of multivalent electrostatic attraction. However, light‐induced cargo release is only feasible up to a maximum net charge of the biomacromolecules. Herein, it is shown that it is possible to fine‐tune macromolecular complex stability and size by addition of a competitive guest molecule that acts as a stopper, partly blocking the vesicle surface. The superior performance of arylazopyrazoles in photoisomerization compared to azobenzenes, which enables a lower surface charge density of the vesicles in the photostationary state, is also demonstrated. Both strategies allow reversible supramolecular aggregation of high molecular weight DNA (2 and 4.8 kbp).
Thermoresponsive Double Network Hydrogels with Exceptional Compressive Mechanical Properties
Authors: Means A. Kristen , Ehrhardt Daniel A. , Whitney Lauren V. , Grunlan Melissa A.
Published: September 2017

The utility of thermoresponsive hydrogels, such as those based on poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), is severely limited by their deficient mechanical properties. In particular, the simultaneous achievement of high strength and stiffness remains unreported. In this work, a thermoresponsive hydrogel is prepared having the unique combination of ultrahigh compressive strength (≈23 MPa) and excellent compressive modulus (≈1.5 MPa). This is accomplished by employing a double network (DN) design comprised of a tightly crosslinked, highly negatively charged 1st network based on poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid (PAMPS) and a loosely crosslinked, zwitterionic 2nd network based on a copolymer of thermoresponsive NIPAAm and zwitterionic 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl‐(3‐sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (MEDSAH). Comparison to other DN designs reveals that this PAMPS/P(NIPAAm‐co‐MEDSAH) DN hydrogel's remarkable properties stem from the intra‐ and internetwork ionic interactions of the two networks. Finally, this mechanically robust hydrogel retains the desirable thermosensitivity of PNIPAAm hydrogels, exhibiting a volume phase transition temperature of ≈35 °C.
Thermally Reversible and Irreversible Phase Transition Behaviors in Poly(ethylene oxide)/Ionic Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Chen Yunlei , Niu Yanhua , Gong Pengjian , Xiao Zhilin , Li Guangxian
Published: September 2017

The irreversible and reversible phase transition behaviors during phase separation‐recovery (heating–cooling) cycles for poly(ethylene oxide)/1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid (PEO/[EMIM][BF4]) mixtures with a lower critical solution temperature phase diagram are reported for the first time. The evident differential scanning calorimetry endothermic and exothermic peaks are observed during the heating–cooling scan cycles near the phase boundary, in which the large heat loss for samples below the critical composition (60 wt% PEO) and obvious downward shift of phase transition temperature for all the compositions between the first and second cycles are particularly attractive. After the first recovery process, a reversible behavior during the next cycles is expected. These interesting phenomena are further confirmed by optical microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared measurements. It is demonstrated that the disruption and partial recovery of the hydrogen bonds, combined with the conformational change of PEO chains, can contribute to this irreversible behavior as well as a conversion to reversible phase transition behavior.
In Situ Synthesis of Imidazolium‐Crosslinked Ionogels via Debus–Radziszewski Reaction Based on PAMAM Dendrimers in Imidazolium Ionic liquid
Authors: Zhao Xiaomeng , Guo Shufei , Li Hao , Liu Jiahang , Liu Xinxin , Song Hongzan
Published: September 2017

This study reports a remarkably facile method to synthesize novel ionogels with imidazolium cycle crosslinks based on polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers via one‐pot, modified Debus–Radziszewski reaction in ionic liquid 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]). High room temperature ionic conductivity (up to 6.8 mS cm−1) is achieved, and more remarkably, it can still exceed 1 mS cm−1 when the dendrimer content reached 70% because PAMAM dendrimers are completely amorphous with many cavities and the newly formed imidazolium crosslinks contains ions. The elastic modulus of these ionogels can exceed 106 Pa due to the newly‐formed rigid imidazolium crosslinks. Crucially, these ionogels are robust gels even at temperatures up to 160 °C. Such novel ionogels with high ionic conductivity, tunable modulus, and flexibility are desirable for use in high‐temperature flexible electrochemical devices.
p0071 interacts with E‐cadherin in the cytoplasm so as to promote the invasion and metastasis of non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Huanyu , Zhang Di , Yang Lianhe , Wang Enhua
Published: September 2017

As a member of the p120‐catenin (p120ctn) subfamily, the p0071 study in tumor is very limited. We demonstrated the clinicopathological significance of p0071 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as E‐cadherin. Co‐immunoprecipitation was used to detect the interaction of p0071 with E‐cadherin in A549 and SPC cells (E‐cadherin is mainly expressed in the cytoplasm of these cells). p0071 cytoplasmic expression was knocked down by siRNA in these cells and this effect on the RhoA activity and cell invasion and migration ability were measured. p0071 overexpression in the cytoplasm of tumor cell was correlated with lymphatic metastase and poor prognosis of NSCLC. The patients with both abnormal expression of p0071 and E‐cadherin (cytoplasmic expression) had a statistically significant shorter survival than the patients without both abnormal expression (P  < 0.05). There is a significant correlation between cytoplasmic overexpression of p0071 and E‐cadherin in NSCLC tissues. p0071 interacted with E‐cadherin in the cytoplasm of A549 and SPC cell lines. Treatment with siRNA‐p0071 inhibited the invasion and migration ability of NSCLC cells. Above results confirmed that p0071 interacted with E‐cadherin in the cytoplasm so as to promote the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC.
Hematologic Follow‐up as Clue to Polycythemia Vera due to JAK2 Mutation Presenting as Late Onset Chorea
Authors: Barow Ewgenia , Hoppe Julia , Mainka Tina , Schneider Susanne A. , Ganos Christos
Published: September 2017

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A new simplified Hypothesis B method for calculating the consolidation settlement of ground improved by vertical drains
Authors: Feng Wei‐Qiang , Yin Jian‐Hua
Published: September 2017

Vertical drains are widely used in soft ground improvements to accelerate the consolidation process. This paper develops a new simplified Hypothesis B method for calculating the consolidation settlement of a soil layer improved by vertical drains under the instant and ramp loadings. As a comparison, the traditional Hypothesis A method is also used to calculate the settlement. Then, a fully coupled finite element consolidation analysis is utilized to examine and verify this simplified method and Hypothesis A method. For the instant loading, Carrillo‐Barron method and Zhu‐Yin method are used to obtain the average degree of consolidation for vertical drain system. Typical parameters, such as over‐consolidation ratio (OCR), smear zone, and space ratio of vertical drains, are considered. It is found that the calculation results from the new simplified method in this study agree well with finite element simulations, and relative errors are in the range of 0.1% to 12.3%. Comparatively, there are obvious differences between the calculated results from Hypothesis A method and finite element results. Carrillo‐Olson method and Zhu‐Yin method are utilized to obtain the average degree of consolidation for the vertical drain system to consider the ramp loading. Equivalent time is determined from half of the construction period to calculate the creep compression under the ramp loading. The accuracy of this simplified Hypothesis B method using both Carrillo‐Olson method and Zhu‐Yin method is acceptable with the relative errors less than 9.4%.
Stress‐based multi‐material topology optimization of compliant mechanisms
Authors: Chu Sheng , Gao Liang , Xiao Mi , Luo Zhen , Li Hao
Published: September 2017

In this paper, a level‐set‐based method is presented to deal with the multi‐material topology optimization of compliant mechanisms with stress constraints. A novel stress‐based multi‐material topology optimization model of compliant mechanisms is proposed. In this model, the multi‐material level set topology description model and the separable stress interpolation scheme are adopted. The weighted sum method is used to deal with the multi‐objective optimization of the output displacement and compliance of compliant mechanisms. The penalty of stresses is also considered in the objective function to control the local stress level in different materials. To solve the optimization problem, the parametric level set method is employed, and the sensitivity analysis is conducted. Application of the method is demonstrated by 2 numerical examples. Results show that the multi‐material structures without undesirable de facto hinges can be obtained. The output displacement and compliance of the compliant mechanisms are optimized, and stress constraints in different materials are simultaneously satisfied.
State‐bounding observer design for uncertain positive systems under ℓ1 performance
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Chen Mou , Shen Jun
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the ℓ1‐induced positive observer design problem for uncertain positive systems. First, we present the ℓ1‐induced performance indicator for positive systems, which fits well into the linear Lyapunov function. Then, a novel ℓ1‐induced performance characterization is developed for uncertain positive systems. Furthermore, a linear programming–based method is proposed to solve the ℓ1‐induced positive observer synthesis problem for positive systems with interval uncertainties. A pair of positive state‐bounding observers is designed to estimate the state of uncertain positive systems. Finally, we provide a numerical example to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the derived methods.
Metabolic Alterations in Two Cirsium Species Identified at Distinct Phenological Stages using UPLC‐QTOF/MS
Authors: Kim Min‐Sun , Nam Miso , Hwang Geum‐Sook
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Cirsium chanroenicum and C. setidens are commonly used both in traditional folk medicine and as a food source. The quality of different species of Cirsium at different harvest times is a function of their metabolite composition, which is determined by the phenological stage.

Objective

We sought to determine the differences in the metabolite composition of two species of Cirsium during different phenological stages using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) quadrupole time‐of‐flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS).

Methodology

Cirsium chanroenicum and C. setidens plants were collected at the floral budding and full flowering stages. Metabolic profiles of Cirsium extracts were determined using UPLC‐QTOF/MS to characterise the differences between phenological stages, and the major metabolites were quantified using UPLC‐QTOF/MS‐multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).

Results

At the full flowering stage, the levels of phenolic acids as well as components of the phenylpropanoid pathway were increased. Flavonoids predominated at the full flowering stage in both species. The levels of coumaric acid, kaempferol, and pectolinarigenin differed between the two species of Cirsium. Overall, these results suggest that components of the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway are upregulated in the full flowering stage in Cirsium, although we did observe some variation between the species.

Conclusion

These results will help elucidate the metabolic pathways related to the different phases of the vegetative cycle, and may help determine the optimal season for the harvest of Cirsium with the highest levels of bioactive compounds. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural Characterisation of Alkaloids in Leaves and Roots of Stephania kwangsiensis by LC‐QTOF‐MS
Authors: Shangguan Yan , He Jiayong , Kang Yun , Wang Yaqin , Yang Ping , Guo Jixian , Huang Jianming
Published: September 2017

Introduction

The tuberous roots of Stephania kwangsiensis, which contain bioactive alkaloids, are used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Overexploitation of the roots has made the plant increasingly rare, and the abundant leaves of the same plant may offer a potential alternative. However, there is insufficient phytochemical information for a comparison of alkaloid compositions in the two parts.

Objective

To characterise and compare the alkaloids in the leaves and roots of S. kwangsiensis.

Methods

The alkaloids in S. kwangsiensis were characterised using high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with positive electrospray ionisation quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐(+)ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS). The alkaloid compositions in the leaves and roots were compared by visual inspection combined with principal component analysis (PCA) of the HPLC‐MS data.

Results

Seventy‐five alkaloids comprising aporphine‐, proaporphine‐, protoberberine‐, benzylisoquinoline‐, bisbenzylisoquinoline‐ and morphine‐type alkaloids were identified or tentatively identified in the roots and leaves of S. kwangsiensis. Sixty‐three of these alkaloids have not been previously reported in this species, and three have not been previously reported in the literature. The roots and leaves had similarities in alkaloid composition but differences in the peak intensities of most alkaloids. The PCA revealed that the samples were clustered into two distinct groups, which corresponded to leaves and roots.

Conclusion

This study further clarified the chemical constituents in the roots of S. kwangsiensis, and revealed that diverse alkaloids were also present in the leaves. The comparative chemical profiling of the two parts provides useful information on their potential medicinal use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenolic Compound Diversity Explored in the Context of Photo‐Oxidative Stress Protection
Authors: Csepregi Kristóf , Hideg Éva
Published: September 2017

Introduction

Phenolic compounds are a chemically diverse group of plant secondary metabolites with important roles both in plant stress defence and human nutrition.

Objective

To explore structure–function relations potentiating phenolic compounds to promote leaf acclimation to light stress by excess photosynthetically active radiation (photoinhibition) and by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation.

Methodology

We report singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide antioxidant capacities and UV‐absorbing properties of 27 flavonoids and 11 phenolic acids. Correlations of these characteristics in the whole data set and related activity–structure relationships in flavonoid data were investigated using simple statistical methods.

Results

In comparison to flavonoids, phenolic acids are relatively ineffective reactive oxygen neutralising antioxidants; and – with the exception of gallic acid – have poor reactivity to hydrogen peroxide. Singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide detoxifying capacities of flavonoids are positively correlated, largely due to the strong positive effect of the hydroxylation of the C‐ring in position‐3. 3‐O‐Glycosylation halves reactive oxygen species (ROS) reactivities of quercetin and myricetin but eradicates the hydrogen peroxide reactivity of kaemferol. B‐ring polyhydroxylation (cathecol structure) increases the hydrogen peroxide antioxidant function but decreases UV‐B (280–315 nm) absorption. UV‐A (315–400 nm) absorption is increased by the B‐ring C2‐C3 double bond either in itself or in combination with the C4 oxo‐group.

Conclusion

Among the studied compounds, anthocyanins and flavonols were the strongest singlet oxygen and hydrogen peroxide scavengers, and are thus capable of supporting defence against both photoinhibition by visible light and UV stress in leaves, while flavanols may only be effective against the latter. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence of pain and analgesia use in the Australian population: Findings from the 2011 to 2012 Australian National Health Survey
Authors: Miller April , Sanderson Kristy , Bruno Raimondo , Breslin Monique , Neil Amanda L.
Published: September 2017

Background

Opioid analgesic use and associated adverse events have increased over the last 15 years, including in Australia. Whether this is associated with increased chronic pain prevalence in the Australian population is unknown. This study aimed to estimate (1) the prevalence of chronic pain and analgesia use in the Australian population by age and sex; (2) the severity of pain in the population with chronic pain by sex; and (3) the distribution of recent pain severity in those using analgesia by age and sex.

Methods

This study used cross‐sectional, nationally representative data collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 to 2012 National Health Survey. A total of n = 20 426 participants were included with an overall response rate of 84.8%. Weighting procedures were applied to obtain population estimates, confidence intervals, and when testing for statistical significance.

Results

The prevalence of chronic and reoccurring pain (over a 6‐month period) was 15.4% (2.75 million) for Australians aged ≥15 years. Prevalence increased with age for both sexes. Significantly more females reported moderate‐to‐very severe pain overall (P < 0.001), and within most age groups. Recent use of opioid analgesia was reported by 12.0% of males and 13.4% of females with chronic pain.

Conclusion

Chronic pain and opioid analgesic use are important public health issues in Australia. Study estimates of chronic pain and recent pain were no greater than earlier estimates. The acknowledged increase of opioid use in the literature thus appears consistent with changing treatment and/or prescribing patterns over time. Sex differences regarding pain prevalence, severity, and opioid use were apparent.