bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОБ ИДЕНТИФИКАЦИИ НЕКОТОРЫХ ПЕРСОНАЖЕЙ БЕРЕСТЯНЫХ ГРАМОТ №№ 1076 И 1079
Authors: Рыбина Е.А.
Published: February 2025

Идентификация персонажей берестяных грамот по письменным источникам была предпринята А.В. Арциховским сразу после находки первых десяти грамот. С увеличением числа грамот определились еще два способа идентификации: по сопоставлению имен в грамотах, происходящих с одной усадьбы или с соседних усадеб, и по почерку. Сопоставление имен давало возможность устанавливать родственные и деловые связи между участниками переписки, определять владельцев усадеб и их социальную принадлежность. Особенно показателен комплекс из 30 грамот, найденных на Неревском раскопе (1951-1962), их авторами и адресатами были шесть поколений боярской семьи Мишиничей-Онцифоровичей. Эти грамоты были сосредоточены на нескольких усадьбах, компактно расположенных в южной части раскопа, что привело В.Л. Янина к выводу о боярской патронимии, когда боярскому роду принадлежит не одна, а несколько усадеб. Было высказано предположение, что усадьбы Мишиничей-Онцифоровичей находились и за пределами Неревского раскопа к западу и к югу от него. Впоследствии это подтвердилось во время археологического исследования соседнего квартала, где были найдены грамоты, связанные с Онцифоровичами. Грамоты №№ 1076 и 1079 содержат имя еще одного члена этой семьи.

Characters identification of birch bark letters from written sources was undertaken by A.V. Artsikhovsky immediately after the discovery of the first ten writings. By larger numbers of letters, two more ways of identification have been defined: by comparing names descending from one estate or from neighboring estates and by analyzing handwriting. Comparing names made it possible to establish family ties and business relations between participants of correspondence, to determine owners of the manor-houses and their social origin. The complex of 30 letters found on the excavation of Nerev (1951–1962) is especially indicative; their authors and addressees were six generations of the boyar family of the Mišinić-Ontsiforovichs. These letters were concentrated on several estates, compactly located in the southern part of the excavation, which led V. L. Yanin to the conclusion of the boyar patronymy when boyar family held not one but several estates. It has been suggested that estates of Mišinić-Ontsiforovichs were located outside the excavation of Nerev to the west and south of it. Subsequently, this was confirmed during the archaeological study of the neighboring quarter, where letters were found related to Ontsiforovichs. Writings No. 1076 and 1079 contain the name of another member of this family.
СОВРЕМЕННАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ РЯДА ПОЛОЖЕНИЙ ТЕОРИИ ДЕТСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ Н.К. КРУПСКОЙ
Authors: Коджаспирова Г.М.
Published: February 2025

Детское движение в стране переживает сложный период в своём развитии, что актуализирует имеющийся исторический опыт возникновения и развития пионердвижения в прошлом столетии в молодой советской республике. Одним из теоретиков детского движения и его организатором была Н.К. Крупская, предупреждавшая в своё время о ряде ошибок, связанных с детским движением, которые надо избегать. Анализ её подхода, последствий сделанных неправильных шагов в детском движении и необходимости их учёта при решении вопросов современного детского движения является предметом обсуждения в данной статье.

The children's movement in the country endures the difficult period in the development that updates the available historical experience of emergence and development of a pionerdvizheniye in last century in the young Soviet republic. N.K. Krupskaya who warned in due time about a number of the mistakes connected with the children's movement which it is necessary to avoid was one of theorists of the children's movement and its organizer. The analysis of its approach, consequences of the taken wrong steps in the children's movement and need of their account at the solution of questions of the modern children's movement is a subject of discussion in this article.
ТРАВМА ПАМЯТИ. ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫЕ АГЕНТЫ ПАМЯТИ СРЕДИ НЕМЦЕВ СИБИРИ И ЮЖНОГО КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Никольский С.С.
Published: February 2025

В данной работе проведен анализ современного контекста памяти о репрессиях и депортациях у немцев Сибири и Южного Казахстана. Источником для написания послужили полевые материалы пяти экспедиций 2014-2017 гг. В ходе исследования были подробно рассмотрены отдельные категории так называемых профессиональных агентов памяти, выявлены этнические особенности памяти о репрессиях и травмы памяти у обозначенной этнокультурной группы. Подобная направленность исследования обусловлена необходимостью выработки правильного подхода к проблеме памяти о травмирующем прошлом; категоризация и характеристика субъектов, не только хранящих, но и транслирующих эту память позволяет в ближайшей перспективе найти те средства для разговора об этом прошлом, которых так не хватает современному обществу.

The paper analyzes the current context of the memory of repression and deportations by Germans of Siberia and South Kazakhstan. The source for writing was the field materials of five expeditions 2014-2017. In the course of research certain categories of so-called professional agents of memory have been examined in detail, ethnic features of the memory of repression and memory injury were identified in the designated ethno-cultural group. Such a focus of research is attributable to the need for developing a correct approach to the problem of memory of traumatic past; categorization and characterization of subjects not only storing, but also broadcasting this memory allow in the near future to find the means for talking about this past that are so lacking in modern society.
СИСТЕМА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ СЕЛЬСКИМ ХОЗЯЙСТВОМ СССР В СЕРЕДИНЕ 1960-Х – СЕРЕДИНЕ 1970-Х ГГ.
Authors: Шици Ч.
Published: February 2025

Предметом исследования выступает система управления сельским хозяйством Советского Союза. Хронологические рамки исследования охватывают период середины 1960-х – середины 1970-х годов. Автор подробно рассматривает такие аспекты темы, как организационно-хозяйственные мероприятия советского руководства, экономические и социальные результаты деятельности партии и советского правительства, итоги организационно-хозяйственных мероприятий, динамика количественных и качественных изменений в сельском хозяйстве. Особое внимание обращается на консервативный подход советского руководства к системе управления сельским хозяйством. На мартовском пленуме партии 1965 года обозначился новый курс развития аграрной отрасли. Стало обращаться больше внимания материальному стимулированию в сельском хозяйстве и расширению прав сельскохозяйственных производителей. Однако, в конце 1960-х годов по всей стране напряжённость в снабжении населения продовольствием усиливалась. На июльском пленуме партии 1970 года был окончательно определён консервативный аграрный курс, основанный на укреплении административной системы управления. В данной работе сделан вывод о том, что в середине 1960-х – середине 1970-х годов политика советского руководства по регулированию системы управления сельским хозяйством носила разрозненный, не комплексный характер. Результатом стало обвальное снижение рентабельности хозяйств и стремительный рост импорта зерна.

Subject of research is the system of agricultural governance of the Soviet Union. The timeframes of the study cover the period of the mid-1960s - the mid-1970s. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the organizational and economic activities of the Soviet leadership, the economic and social performance of the party and the Soviet government, the results of organizational and economic activities, the dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in agriculture. Particular attention is drawn to the conservative approach of the Soviet leadership to the system of agricultural governance. In 1965, at the March Plenum of the CPSU, a new course in the development of the agrarian sector was marked. It began to pay more attention to material incentives in agriculture and empowerment of agricultural producers. However, in the late 1960s, tensions throughout the country’s food supply intensified. In 1970, at the July Plenum of the party, the conservative agrarian course was finally determined, based on strengthening the administrative management system. This paper concluded that in the mid-1960s - mid-1970s, the policy of the Soviet leadership in regulating the system of agricultural governance was fragmented and not comprehensive. The result was a collapse of farm profitability and the rapid growth of grain imports.
ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И ЕЕ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ ОПЕРАТИВНЫХ ДЕЖУРНЫХ С ДЛИТЕЛЬНЫМ СТАЖЕМ ТРУДОВОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
Authors: Мансури О.В.
Published: February 2025

В настоящее время, в связи с участившимися техногенными и природными воздействиями на жизнедеятельность человека, наиболее востребованными стали профессии помогающего вида, одной из таких является профессия оперативного дежурного. При выполнении профессиональной деятельности оперативные дежурные подвергаются воздействию различного рода экстремальных факторов, что может приводить к личностным изменениям как на физиологическом, так и на психологическом уровнях. Профессия оперативного дежурного, как представителя экстремальных профессий, в психологической науке рассмотрена недостаточно и требует более углубленного изучения. Большинство исследований, посвященных экстремальным профессиям, посвящены изучению аттестованных должностей (сотрудники Министерства Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий; сотрудники отделов внутренних дел полицейских подразделений), меньший процент отдан исследованиям гражданских лиц. В связи с этим возникла необходимость описать профессиональную деятельность и ее влияние на психологические особенности личности оперативных дежурных с длительным стажем трудовой деятельности государственного казенного учреждения «Противопожарная и аварийно-спасательная служба Ставропольского края». В статье проанализировано содержание должностных обязанностей и специфика деятельности оперативного дежурного на различных рабочих местах; выделены психологические особенности личности оперативных дежурных с длительным стажем трудовой деятельности.

Currently, in connection with the increasing number of man-made and natural influences on human life, the profession of a helping type has become the most popular, one of such is the profession of an operational duty officer. When performing professional activities, operational duty officers are exposed to various kinds of extreme factors, which can lead to personal changes both at the physiological and psychological levels. The profession of a duty officer, as a representative of extreme professions, is insufficiently considered in psychological science and requires more in-depth study. Most of the studies devoted to extreme professions are devoted to the study of certified positions (employees of the Ministry of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief; employees of police departments of the Interior); a smaller percentage is devoted to research of civilians. In this regard, it became necessary to describe the professional activities and their impact on the psychological personality characteristics of operational duty officers with a long service life of the state governmental institution “Fire and Emergency Rescue Service of the Stavropol Territory”. The article analyzes the content of official duties and the specifics of the operational staff at various workplaces; the psychological features of the personality of operational duty personnel with long work experience are highlighted.
ПРЕДМЕТНАЯ ОЛИМПИАДА КАК ЭФФЕКТИВНАЯ ФОРМАОРГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВНЕЯЗЫКОВЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Ким З.М. , Корнева Г.В. , Костюшина Ю.И. , Козлова Л.В. , Шишканова Ж.С.
Published: February 2025

Статья посвящена рассмотрению актуальных в современном образовании вопросов организации самостоятельной работы при подготовке компетентного специалиста, способного к профессиональному росту и профессиональной мобильности. Авторы показывают возможности самостоятельной работы на примере предметных олимпиад по русскому языку и культуре речи и русскому языку как иностранному, подчеркивают преимущества использования данного вида самостоятельной работы. Участие в самостоятельной продуктивной деятельности предполагает, что обучающийся включается в определение целей овладения дисциплиной и соотносит их со своими реальными интересами и потребностями. Организация самостоятельной работы в вузе дает возможность студентам свободно отслеживать процесс и успешность полученных результатов на разных этапах ее выполнения, оценивать свои достижения и возможности их использования в дальнейшей профессиональной деятельности. Большое место в работе занимает описание этапов проведения межфакультетских олимпиад, рассматриваются информационно-коммуникационные технологии, использующиеся при проведении олимпиады, указываются возможности реализации дидактических, методических и психологических принципов обучения при организации данного вида работы с применением информационных технологий. Мультимедийные технологии создают новые возможности для реализации дидактических, методических и психологических принципов обучения таких, как учет уровня подготовки владения языком, доступность и посильность предложенных заданий, осуществление деятельности в знакомых и комфортных для учащегося условиях, учет индивидуально-психологических особенностей личности (режим, объем заданий в данный момент времени), возможность предъявления наглядного материала, роста самооценки, высокой степени мотивации. В заключение авторы приходят к выводу о том, что использование информационно-коммуникационных технологий при организации самостоятельной работы открывает новые возможности саморазвития и самосовершенствования будущего специалиста.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЙ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИО БРАЧНО-СЕМЕЙНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ
Authors: Масленникова С.А. , Непряхина А.И.
Published: February 2025

В статье рассматриваются трансформации, происходящие в институтах современной семьи и брака. Проанализированы психологические исследования представлений современной молодежи о брачно-семейных отношениях. Проводится теоретический анализ существующих видов брачно-семейных отношений, и методы исследования. Представлены результаты исследования представлений современной молодежи о брачно-семейных отношениях. Показаны представления современной молодежи о брачно-семейных отношениях на когнитивном, аффективном, поведенческом уровне. Сделана попытка найти значимые причины вступления в брак, создания семьи и изучить основные ценности у молодежи с разным опытом брачно-семейных отношений.

The article deals with the transformations taking place in the institutions of modern family and marriage. Psychological studies of modern youth's ideas about marriage and family relations are analyzed. The theoretical analysis of the existing types of marriage and family relations, and research methods. The article presents the results of the study of the ideas of modern youth about marriage and family relations. The views of modern youth about marriage and family relations at the cognitive, affective, behavioral level are shown. An attempt is made to find significant reasons for marriage, family creation and to study the basic values of young people with different experiences of marriage and family relations.
ЗАЧЕМ НУЖНА ИСТОРИЯ ТЕХНИКИ?
Authors: ПИЛИПЕНКО А В.
Published: February 2025

За последние десятилетия наметился спад интереса к исследованиям в рамках истории техники конкретных областей техники. Преобладающими становятся чисто исторические или социальные аспекты технического развития. Конкретная техническая направленность многих научных работ, выполненных в прошлом, не находит продолжения. В то же время в развитии самой техники происходят кардинальные изменения. Изменения наметились и в глобальном росте негативных последствий технической деятельности. Возникает необходимость в выявлении возможностей истории техники давать ответы на возникающие вопросы. В статье рассматриваются походы к определению предмета истории техники, ее принадлежности к категориальной системе наук, методы исследований, уникальные возможности истории техники, значение области для практики и теории развития техники.
Phusis, proto-embrayage et bruits du corps
Authors: Bertrand Denis
Published: February 2025

Soupirs, ronflements, reniflements, rots, éternuements, toux, gargouillis, pets... nombreux sont les bruits du corps. Leur régulation est graduelle, à la fois personnelle – entre ceux que l’on contrôle et ceux que l’on ne contrôle pas – et collective – ils sont objets évolutifs d’acceptation sociale, de tolérance, de rejet ou d’interdit radical. La toux, par exemple, généralement acceptable, ne l’est plus en contexte de Covid. On examine cet univers somatico-langagier mouvant à la lumière des concepts de phusis et de prédicat somatique développés par la sémiotique des instances énonçantes. On met en évidence l’originalité foncière d’une théorie énonciative et phénoménologique du langage qui est de placer le fait somatique et la condition d’intersubjectivité au cœur de la sémiose. On analyse les phénomènes d’irruption soudaine et inopinée du corps en amont du logos et de ses opérations énonciatives, en introduisant le concept de proto-embrayage, en développant la distinction aristotélicienne entre le sens intentionnel (phonè semantikhè) et celui qui ne relève d’aucune assomption énonciative (le non-sujet somatique pourtant pris dans les rets du sujet). On prend appui sur des textes théoriques (J.-Cl. Coquet, R. Dorra) et littéraires (L.-F. Céline) pour approfondir cette liaison qui n’est pas anecdotique entre réalité et énonciation, et pour envisager les régimes sémiotiques de leur saisie, impliquant la constitution de plans d’immanence propres.
3D-printable bilayer-stabilized jammed emulsions as scalable biological tissue mimics
Authors: Fica Aida , Torbett McKayla , West Samuel , Rao Malika , Dhiman Raman , Wang Jun , Gao Yang , Tu Yu-Ming , Behera Harekrushna , Roc Claude , Grogan Kyler , Keitz Benjamin , Hickey Robert , Rosales Adrianne , Dortdivanlioglu Berkin , Sarles Stephen , Kumar Manish
Published: February 2025

We present Jammed Interconnected Bilayer Emulsions (JIBEs) as a class of tissue-like materials with macroscopic scalability and rapid fabrication, comprising millions to billions of bilayer-separated aqueous compartments. These materials closely mimic the organizational structure and properties of biological tissues. Our rapid self-assembly method for producing JIBEs generates milliliter- to deciliter-scale volumes within minutes representing over 10,000-fold improvement in the fabrication speed of droplet-based artificial tissues compared to existing droplet-based methods, enabling the creation of a truly macroscopic material. The method is highly adaptable to a wide range of amphiphiles, including lipids and block-copolymers, providing flexibility in tailoring JIBEs for diverse applications. The jammed architecture of JIBEs imparts unique properties, such as direct 3D-printabilty into aqueous solutions or onto air-exposed surfaces. Their membrane-bound structure also allows functionalization with biological and artificial nanochannels, enabling the material to exhibit the specific properties of the incorporated channels. In this work, we demonstrate three key features of JIBEs using distinct ion channels: tunable conductance, selective transport, and memristance. Incorporating an E. coli outer membrane protein increased ionic conductance by approximately 4,400-fold compared to non-functionalized tissues. Introducing a peptide-based transporter produced ion-selective membranes capable of discriminating ammonium over sodium at a ratio greater than 15:1. Finally, incorporating a model voltage-gated pore enabled the construction of a massively networked memristive device. We propose that functionalizing JIBEs with additional membrane proteins or synthetic ion channels could unlock a broad range of applications, including separations, energy generation and storage, neuromorphic computing, tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics.
Síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión en distintas etapas vitales
Authors: Grasso Jimena Eliana , Rozas Lara Lucila , Mingorance María Belén , Gruccos Isis Lucrecia Victoria , Gimeno Leandro Crisólogo , Vizioli Nicolás Alejandro
Published: February 2025

Los síntomas de ansiedad y de depresión representan un problema para los sistemas de salud. Distintas variables sociodemográficas inciden sobre el riesgo de padecerlas, y entre ellas se halla la etapa vital. Dado que la literatura investigativa no es clara respecto de cuáles son los grupos etarios de riesgo, la presente investigación se propuso evaluar la sintomatología de ansiedad y de depresión en distintos grupos etarios (18 a 24 años, 25 a 55 años y 56 a 65 años) de adultos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires - CABA (35 %) y del Conurbano Bonaerense (65 %), considerando las interacciones con el género y el nivel de instrucción. Se administraron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el inventario de ansiedad de Beck y el inventario de depresión de Beck. Los resultados muestran que el grupo de 18 a 24 años reportó niveles más elevados de síntomas de ansiedad que los otros. El grupo de 25 a 55 años informó mayores niveles de síntomas depresivos que el grupo de 56 a 65 años. Con respecto al género, las mujeres reportaron niveles más elevados de ansiedad y de depresión. En cuanto a la interacción entre las variables, las personas de género femenino de 25 a 55 años reportaron niveles más elevados de síntomas de ansiedad que los masculinos de la misma edad. Con respecto al nivel de instrucción, se hallaron diferencias entre grupos, pero la interacción con la variable grupos etarios no resultó significativa. Estos resultados permiten una mayor comprensión del fenómeno y resaltan la importancia del abordaje de grupos de riesgo.
La corporalidad del paciente en el proceso de cambio terapéutico: una reflexión sobre la importancia del análisis de la comunicación no verbal de los indicadores de cambio genéricos
Authors: Aquino Oliveira Lima Isabela
Published: February 2025

El presente ensayo busca dar paso a un espacio de reflexión respecto a cómo el proceso de cambio terapéutico es concebido en la actualidad en la psicoterapia. En especial, se profundiza en la propuesta de los indicadores de cambio genéricos y en cómo este análisis podría enriquecerse al incorporar elementos de la comunicación no verbal presente en dichas instancias. Desde ahí, este ensayo busca dar respuesta a la pregunta: ¿incluir el análisis de la comunicación no verbal en la observación de los indicadores de cambio genéricos podría contribuir a ampliar la comprensión de los momentos de cambio en los que se hacen presentes? Para esto, se realiza un recorrido teórico sobre las concepciones de cambio terapéutico presentes en las obras de Eugene Gendlin y de Paul Watzlawick, con el fin de dar énfasis a la importancia del desarrollo de una concepción encarnada y corporal del cambio terapéutico. Posteriormente, se revisan algunas investigaciones empíricas que se han realizado respecto de esta temática, para dar paso a la conclusión de que son los sujetos —como cuerpos— quienes construyen el proceso terapéutico y, por lo tanto, el análisis de la comunicación corporal no verbal es fundamental para la comprensión de los indicadores de cambio genéricos.
PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ADOPTED IN SWEET ORANGE ORCHARD IN SINDHULI, NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Sailesh , Timsina Deepika
Published: February 2025

A study was carried out to assess the prevalence and severity of major insect pests and to document their management practices being adopted by sweet orange growers in Sindhuli, Nepal. Survey sample size of 66 was taken from Golanjor Rural Municipality of the Sindhuli district. Simple random sampling techniques was used to select the household. The primary data were collected by the use of pre-tested questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview whereas secondary data were collected from various publications of national and international organizations. The data were processed and analyzed by using descriptive statistics through MS-excel and SPSS software. According to the survey, the majority of farmers use inadequate management techniques, which appears to be the main cause of the severity and prevalence of insect pest. Weak planting material, damaging parasitic plants, and climate change are the next most common cause. The major insects were ranked by Citrus bug (index 0.83), Leaf miner (index 0.72), Fruit sucking moth (index 0.58), Stem borer (index 0.49) and Chinese citrus fruit fly (index 0.38). Overall 100% of the respondents adopted different strategies to control different diseases in their sweet orange orchard. Among them, majority of the farmers (93.6%) adopted chemical methods, 86% adopted physical methods 78.03% adopted cultural methods, 58.87% adopted mechanical method and 6.81% adopted biological methods/ practices. It was found that majority of the farmers apply chemical pesticides and fungicides at the time of incidence and severity which seems not to be much effective.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRUNING METHODS IN TWO VARIETIES OF CHILLI PEPPER ON GROWTH AND YIELD TRAITS IN LAMJUNG, NEPAL
Authors: Shrestha Manoj , Shrestha Aavash , Sai Rijwan , Koirala Prajjwal , Ojha Ankit , Adhikari Ajay
Published: February 2025

The use of subpar yielding varieties and a lack of knowledge about cultural practices are two of the major reasons for lower chili yields in Lamjung. A study was conducted in the farmer’s field in Beshishar-08, Danaifat, Lamjung district, from March to June to determine the effect of different pruning methods on the growth and yield performance of two chilli varieties: NS 1701 (V1) and Karma 747 (V2). Four different pruning methods, encompassing control (P0), shoot pruning (P1), root pruning (P2), and a combination of shoot pruning and root pruning (P3), were used for each variety and replicated four times in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) layout. Four vegetative growth parameters, three floral parameters, and three yield parameters were recorded and evaluated. The results indicated that pruning methods and varieties significantly influenced growth and yield parameters. Pruning significantly impacted plant growth and yield. The P3 treatment resulted in the highest number of flowers per plant (85.00), fruits per plant (60.45), fruit length (9.29 cm), stem diameter (1.148 cm), and yield (11.51 t/ha). In contrast, the P0 treatment had the tallest plants (104.57 cm), the longest time to first flower (52.42 days), and the longest time to 50% flowering (58.73 days). P3 also had the highest number of leaves (198.46), primary branches (13.97), secondary branches (24.13), and tertiary branches (31.47), while P2 had the least. Regarding varieties, V1 had the tallest plants (93.86 cm), most leaves per plant (141.77), most fruits harvested per plant (48.83), thickest stem diameter (1.131 cm), longest time to first flowering (51.83 days), longest time to 50% flowering (56.85 days), and highest yield (10.50 t/ha). V2 had the lowest values for these parameters. The interaction effect showed V1P3 had the highest number of flowers (100.05), fruits harvested per plant (71.15), secondary branches (29.65), and yield (14.65 t/ha). V2P3 had the most tertiary branches (38.91) and leaves per plant (234.83). Thus, ‘NS 1701’ with shoot and root pruning gave the best yield.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PRODUCTION ECONOMICS OF SPRING RICE BETWEEN DEVTAL AND SUWARNA RURAL MUNICIPALITIES OF BARA DISTRICT, NEPAL
Authors: Pyakurel Pawan , Dulal Ganga , Adhikari Poojan , Thapa Kiran , Paudel Randhir , Rijal Keshab , R.C Jeevan , Joshi Arya
Published: February 2025

The study, conducted in 2023, compared the economics of spring rice production in Suwarna and Devtal RM. Data from 120 households (60 from each RM) were analyzed using MS Excel, SPSS, and other statistical tools. Suwarna averaged 0.932 hectares for rice cultivation, compared to Devtal’s 0.687 ha. Most farmers in both RMs used a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers (96.7% in Suwarna, 75.0% in Devtal). Labor practices varied, with Devtal using 105.89 man-days and Suwarna 95.35 man-days. Suwarna’s average cultivation cost was NRs 111,093.52, while Devtal’s was higher at NRs 118,989.75. Devtal’s rice seed price was higher at 26.55 NRs/kg compared to Suwarna’s 24.74 NRs/kg. Suwarna had a higher gross margin (NRs 41,112.07) than Devtal (NRs 29,661.85). Suwarna also showed a higher BCR (1.62) than Devtal (1.44), though the difference wasn’t statistically significant. Influential factors in Suwarna included seed, tillage, and pesticide costs, with an R² value of 0.875. In Devtal, seed, labor, organic manure, and threshing costs were significant, with an R² of 0.871. Both RMs showed increasing returns to scale (1.207 in Suwarna, 1.190 in Devtal). The dominant marketing channel was producer-local collector-wholesaler-mills-consumer. Common production constraints were fertilizer availability and seed quality.
EVALUATION OF TOMATO VARIETIES FOR YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN GODAWARI, LALITPUR
Authors: Joshi Bhuwan , Satyal Swikriti
Published: February 2025

A study was conducted in Godawari-14, Lalitpur Nepal to conduct the varietal trial in tomato to access the suitable tomato variety in that location. Seven tomato varieties were used in the experiment which replicated three. The observations were recorded for various yield parameters, floral parameters, and growth parameters. The highest plant height was observed in monoprecus (125.73 cm), while the shortest plant height was recorded in 2-HRDTOM035 (83.26cm). The experimental findings show that the number of clusters per plant, fruit per cluster and fruit per plant was found 7, 5 and 23 respectively in HRD109. The highest fruit diameter was found in HRDTOM084(19.88 cm) whereas, the highest fruit length was observed in same variety HRDTOM084(5.94 cm). In case of floral parameters monoprecus flower (30 days) and mature (85 days) earlier than other varieties. The yield ton per hectare was observed highest in HRDTOM084 (11.06 ton/ ha) among the seven varieties and the variety HRDTOM084 can be used for commercial cultivation.
PERFORMANCE OF KANGKONG (Ipomoea aquatica) UNDER DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: S Regmi , R Sharma , S Subedi
Published: February 2025

Kangkong, known as Dhodi saag in Nepal, is a neglected and underutilized species that is important in both nutritional and medicinal aspects and can be an alternative source of leafy vegetables during the summer season. To assess how growth and yield are affected in Kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica) under the application of different fertilizers, an experiment was conducted during March-June 2023 in Krishnapur Municipality-05 of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. A randomized complete block design involving five different treatments viz. T1: Jholmal (0.25 L/plant applied three times), T2: Farmyard manure (20 t ha-1), T3: Poultry manure (20 t ha-1), T4: Chemical fertilizers (200:150:120 Kg NPK ha-1) and T5: Control and four replications were considered for this study. The findings showed a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, and yield from poultry manure (p<0.05) followed by farmyard manure at early stages and chemical fertilizers at later stages compared to other fertilizers used in this study. The highest total yield of 27.55 t ha-1, along with greater shelf life reflected by a lower weight loss percentage and good taste of Kangkong boiled shoots, was recorded from poultry manure. Therefore, poultry manure can be recommended as an alternative fertilizer to improve the taste and yield of Kangkong. However, a more comprehensive study on the use of poultry manure is required to validate the findings of this study.
EFFECT OF AGE OF SUCKERS AND BUNCH COVERING ON YIELD AND QUALITY ATTRIBUTES OF BANANA CV. AMRITSAGAR
Authors: Hossaina Foysal , Biswasb Tatia , Islama M. Ashraful , Jahana Nusrat , Hossaina Md. Mokter
Published: February 2025

The investigation was carried out at the Horticulture farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from April to October, 2019. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors and five replications. Factor A was different aged suckers namely A1= 1st year sucker, A2= 2nd year sucker and A3= 3rd year sucker. Factor B was different types of bagging like B1= Black, B2= White, B3= Blue and B4= Control. Five fingers were randomly selected from each hand and were analyzed for different parameters. The result of the experiment showed that all the parameters were studied found significantly different among the treatments. Among the effect of sucker age, the highest plant height (301cm), plant diameter (74.4 cm), number of fingers per bunch (55.1), bunch weight per plant (13.15 kg), weight all hands per bunch (11.79 kg), weight of single finger at ripening time (145.4 g) were found from A3 (3rd year sucker ). Also, the highest weight of single pulp at ripening time (107.3 g), weight of single peel at ripening time (38.0 g), TSS (20.05 %), moisture content of pulp (78.4 %), dry weight of peel (5.36 g) and moisture content of peel (85.76%) was found from A3 (3rd year sucker). On the other hand, among the effect of bagging, the highest growth and yield like fingers per bunch (57.47), bunch weight per plant (12.83 kg), weight all hands per bunch (11.42 kg) were found in B2 (white polythene). Also, the highest weight of single finger at harvesting time (157 g), weight of single finger at ripening time (137.3 g), weight of pulp at ripening time (102.3 g), moisture content of pulp (78.77%), moisture content of peel (85.41%) were found from B2 (white polythene). The combined effect of sucker age and bagging materials, the highest growth and yield like length of bunch (76.2cm), bunch weight per plant (14.58kg), weight all hands per bunch (13.04 kg) was found in A3B2 (3rd year sucker with white polythene). In a nutshell, the present study showed that different aged suckers and bunch covering had a better effect on physio-morphological characteristics, yield and quality.
ASSESMENT OF SOME HEAVY METALS CONTENT IN BOREHOLE WATER SAMPLES DRILLED NEAR PUBLIC CONVENIENCES IN KANO METROPOLIS, NIGERIA
Authors: A.U Abubakar , M.D Saeed, , D.W Habib,
Published: February 2025

Boreholes have traditionally been one of the sustainable water sources for domestic use. However, in Kano state, Nigeria, some of these boreholes have been drilled close to soak ways or pit latrines without considering the possibility of water contamination. This research was carried out to assess some heavy metals in borehole water samples drilled near public conveniences in Kano, Nigeria. To achieve this, 31 samples were randomly collected from different sampling sites and analyzed for heavy metal content. Heavy metals were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Agilent 200 series Model No. 240 FS) and their concentrations were found to be in the range; For Fe (0.028±0.004-2.001±0.001 mg/L), Zn (0.019±0.002-0.138±0.015 mg/L), Pb (0.004± 0.000-0.057±0.002 mg/L), Cd (0.001±0.000-0.013±0.001 mg/L), while, most of the sampling sites had Fe levels to be within the WHO permissible limit with the exception of two sampling sites that exceed the WHO permissible limit, Zn was found to be within the maximum Permissible limit set by WHO ( 2020). Similarly, Cd and Pb were found to exceed the maximum permissible limit set by the WHO (2020) at most of the sampling sites analyzed. Analysis of variance showed a significant difference (P <0.05) for all of the metals analyzed. It can be concluded that most of the analyzed borehole water is not safe for drinking and other purposes because its metal concentration exceeded the maximum permissible limit set by WHO. As a result, people should be aware of the dangers associated with the presence of these heavy metals in borehole water.
EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION ON ASTHMA PREVALENCE IN ERBIL CITY, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Ahmed Tablo Abdulrahim
Published: February 2025

Human health is linked to a number of consequences from air pollution exposure. Research suggests that a child’s chance of developing asthma increases with prolonged exposure to ambient air pollution. A child’s or adult’s asthma morbidity is caused by outdoor air pollution, which also affects lung development. Air pollution in cities is mostly caused by power generation and traffic. There is a growing body of evidence, spanning several decades, that suggests outdoor air pollution can exacerbate pre-existing asthma attacks. Additionally, some studies have suggested that pollution may also play a role in the development of new asthma attacks. Examining how air pollution affects the prevalence of asthma is the goal of this study. We concentrated on clinical data and gathered the annual number of asthmatic patients in Erbil city from 2017 to 2022. The data were gathered from various hospitals in the city, including the Rizgary Hospital. In 2022, the highest recorded number of asthmatics was 4930, with 75% of those individuals being children. Over a six-year period, the average number of asthmatics was 4,471, with 2,763 of those being children, or (61%) of all asthmatics. Based on the information at hand, we came to the conclusion that early life exposure to air pollution is linked to a higher risk of asthma in children.
CO2 MITIGATION OF A CEMENT INDUSTRY IN NORTH MACEDONIA, BALKANS PENINSULA: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Nayab Tooba , Ahmed Talal
Published: February 2025

The cement industry is one of the largest industrial sources of CO2 emissions, contributing approximately 1.8 Gt emissions annually. This study examines various strategies for reducing CO2 emissions caused by the cement industry. Direct CO2 emissions stem from the calcination process and fuel combustion in kilns, while indirect emissions arise from electricity generation and transportation. Measures to reduce CO2 emissions include lowering the clinker-to-cement ratio with additives, replacing fossil fuels with alternative fuels, and enhancing the energy efficiency of kiln processes. At the Usje plant, the clinker-to-cement ratio is already low at 0.57, with variability between 0.72 and 2.58. Further reductions without affecting cement quality are limited. However, implementing a calciner and upgrading to advanced kiln technology, which lowers specific thermal energy consumption from 3.7 GJ/t clinker to 3.0 GJ/t clinker, are proposed to enhance efficiency. These improvements are projected to reduce CO2 emissions by 65.7 kt in 2020. This review analyzes various CO2 emission reduction measures in the cement industry to evaluate their environmental effectiveness. The measures examined include the use of alternative fuels, enhancement of kiln process efficiency, and co-production of synthetic fuels. The study also focuses on a cement plant in Macedonia and confirms that implementing these selected mitigation strategies significantly reduces CO2 emissions.
HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS PRESENT IN OILS FROM SELECTED OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN CROSS RIVER STATE,NIGERIA
Authors: Okori Bassey S. , Sam-Uket Nwuyi O.
Published: February 2025

The most produced and used vegetable oil in the world is thought to be crude palm oil (CPO). Immediately following milling, the processed CPO (n = 18) was collected each month from the oil palm plantations owned by JP, Calaro, and Mrs. P. (control) over a six-month period. The Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyze the samples for heavy metals (Mn, Zn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, and As). In the CPO from all the plantations, the concentration of heavy metals varied, and it rose noticeably in the CPO from the pesticide-cultivated plantations (JP and Calaro oil palm plantations). The oil palm plantation Calaro has the highest concentration of all the heavy metals that have been studied. The mean heavy metal concentrations in JP oil were 0.29 mg/kg (Co), 0.41 mg/kg (Pb), 3.22 mg/kg (Ni), 0.33 mg/kg (Cr), 0.27 mg/kg (Cd), 0.31 mg/kg (As), 5.67 mg/kg (Zn), and 2.18 mg/kg (Mn), whereas those in CPO from Calaro were 0.45 mg/kg (Co), 0.62 mg/kg (Pb), 4.27 mg/kg (Ni), 0.45 mg/kg (Cr), 0.39 mg/kg (Cd), 0.44 mg/kg (As), 8.15 mg/kg (Zn), and 2.99 mg/kg (Mn). CPO from Calaro and JP oil palm plantations had mean concentrations of Co, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, As, and Mn that were higher than the WHO’s acceptable limits for food, rendering it unfit for human consumption. According to its THQ (target hazard quotient) value and EDI (estimated daily intake), zinc is the main cause of non-carcinogenic contamination in Calaro and JP oil palm plantations. All of the heavy metals’ EDI values in CPO from the plantations under investigation were less than their RfD (reference oral dosage) values. Safety was indicated by the THQ, HRI, and EDI values of every heavy metal in CPO from every plantation under investigation. When CPO from Calaro and JP oil palm plantations was consumed, lead was the main cause of carcinogenic contamination. Pb and Ni carcinogenic risk values in CPO from Calaro oil palm and JP oil palm plantations were greater than 10-4, suggesting that over the course of a 60-year lifetime, consumers may develop cancer as a result of Pb and Ni poisoning.
PLASTICS BURDEN – A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN AND PROSPECT: A REVIEW
Authors: Abubakar Salisu
Published: February 2025

Plastics are ubiquitous, resulting to one of the greatest environmental challenges globally. The plastics revolt has had an insightful impact on human society, probably because the materials were inexpensive, frivolous and convenient. These potentials led to the successful production and proliferation of plastic all over the world. As the global plastic production increased, it became difficult to cope with the amount of plastic wastes generated. Plastic garbage clogs sewers in numerous cities throughout the world, resulting in floods and the spread of illness. When consumed by both wild and domestic animals it leads to their death. Hence new strategies are needed to address manufacturing, usage and managing the plastics. Several steps are required to reduce the damaging effects of plastic pollution in the environment. Among these are effective methods of waste management such as recycling, and using fewer plastics. The use of biodegradable plastics, public awareness of the issue, education, and the establishment of sensible environmental sanitation regulations are all crucial. However, policies and inventions are being developed worldwide to allow plastic pollution to be transformed into valuable items, which will help to eliminate plastic pollution from the environment and create jobs for youth. This contemporary review paper highlights the production, types and consumption of plastics, plastics regional, national and local trends, plastics pollution and climate change, effects of plastics in the environments, plastics waste management practices, plastics global policies and innovations, finally a growing concern of plastics proliferation in Kano metropolitan city of Nigeria. The bibliography searches focused on keywords related to Plastics pollution, proliferation and its effects in the environments globally.
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION: SOURCES AND OCCURRENCE, HEALTH EFFECTS, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Ite Aniefiok E. , Ite Idaresit A.
Published: February 2025

Advances in industrialisation, urbanisation, and increased energy demand and consumption across the world lead to severe air pollution, which poses significant impacts on indoor air quality in our homes, schools, businesses, and other indoor spaces. Over the years, vulnerable populations have experienced poor indoor air quality and the associated economic cost of illnesses in several developed and developing countries. Air quality degradation challenges our efforts for sustainable, clean air and hinders progress towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in various developing countries around the world. In recent years, the scientific community has faced the task of understanding the fate and occurrence of various indoor air pollutants as well as their ecotoxicological implications. Understanding the sources and occurrence of adverse impacts on the environment, human health, and economic burden of poor indoor air quality is crucial for developing effective preventative controls and mitigation strategies. The detection and characterisation of some of these indoor air pollutants at trace levels will enable researchers to understand the environmental fate and behaviour of various indoor air pollutants. The detection and characterisation of indoor air pollutants will begin with the development of sensitive and cost-effective, robust methods and long-term monitoring for sustainable environmental management and cost-effective risk mitigation strategies. Therefore, the goal of this review paper is to explain indoor air pollutants’ sources and occurrences, as well as their adverse human health effects. Sustainable environments necessitate reducing indoor emissions, adopting air pollution prevention and control policies, and developing effective risk mitigation strategies. Governments worldwide must promote clean air policies, strategies, and plans to improve indoor air quality and reduce emissions, thereby promoting sustainable environments.
LEAD, NICKEL AND COPPER CONCENTRATION IN WASTEWATER USED FOR IRRIGATION IN ERBIL CITY KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Ahmed Tablo Abdulrahim
Published: February 2025

At Tooraq area (6 km southwest Erbil / the Capital of Kurdistan Region of Iraq) farmers irrigate about 600-700 Donums by untreated wastewater for growing and production of variety of uncooked vegetables which consume by more than one million people. Thus, it is possible that these activities will create harmful effects on environment and cause health risks for the community here. Hence, it is necessity to assess the quality of Erbil’s wastewater and determine the levels of some heavy metals bio-accumulated in both soil and some uncooked vegetables irrigated by the wastewater, becomes an urgent need and even a commendable effort. During this investigation samples including; wastewater, collected from five sites, according to a regular schedule at fortnightly(two samples per month) interval periods; water quality assessment and levels of some heavy metals. Lead values of wastewater were ranging from 0.118-0.599 mg.l-1; nickel value from 0.073-0.295 mg.l-1, and copper were ranging from 0.201-0.583 mg.l-1. Wastewater that used for irrigation of vegetables.