bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data from healthy human marrow hematopoietic cells
Authors: Zhao Xin , Gao Shouguo , Kajigaya Sachiko , Liu Qingguo , Wu Zhijie , Feng Xingmin , Zhang Fengkui , Young Neal S.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Single cell methodology enables detection and quantification of transcriptional changes and unravelling dynamic aspects of the transcriptional heterogeneity not accessible using bulk sequencing approaches. We have applied single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to fresh human bone marrow CD34+ cells and profiled 391 single hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) from healthy donors to characterize lineage- and stage-specific transcription during hematopoiesis.

Results

Cells clustered into six distinct groups, which could be assigned to known HSPC subpopulations based on lineage specific genes. Reconstruction of differentiation trajectories in single cells revealed four committed lineages derived from HSCs, as well as dynamic expression changes underlying cell fate during early erythroid-megakaryocytic, lymphoid, and granulocyte-monocyte differentiation. A similar non-hierarchical pattern of hematopoiesis could be derived from analysis of published single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), consistent with a sequential relationship between chromatin dynamics and regulation of gene expression during lineage commitment (first, altered chromatin conformation, then mRNA transcription). Computationally, we have reconstructed molecular trajectories connecting HSCs directly to four hematopoietic lineages. Integration of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression from the same cells demonstrated mRNA transcriptome, lncRNA, and the epigenome were highly homologous in their pattern of gene activation and suppression during hematopoietic cell differentiation.
Using pollen DNA metabarcoding to profile nectar sources of urban beekeeping in Kōtō-ku, Tokyo
Authors: Tanaka Keisuke , Nozaki Akinobu , Nakadai Hazuki , Shiwa Yuh , Shimizu-Kadota Mariko
Published: November 2020

Objective

Apis melliferais a species of honeybee that has been introduced around the world as an industrial beekeeping species. Recently, urban beekeeping has attracted attention as a means of ecosystem protection and urban greening. This study aimed to investigate nectar sources of urban beekeeping in Kōtō-ku, Tokyo using pollen DNA metabarcoding.

Results

We extracted DNA from pollen collected by the honeybees of a local urban beekeeping operation. DNA metabarcoding analysis was carried out by sequencing a part of therbcL region of the chloroplast genome. A total of 31 samples collected between mid-March, 2018 and mid-October, 2018 yielded 54 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) comprising 14 families, 32 genera, and 8 species. Whereas 5 OTUs were profiled throughout all seasons, 38 OTUs were season-specific (spring, summer, or autumn). Therefore, we were able to infer seasonal nectar sources for the beekeeping operation at the family or genus level, as well as at the species level to a lesser extent. Our pollen-sampling strategy was effective for profiling season-specific nectar sources, with the exception of a few anomalies that can be accounted for by out-of-season flowering associated with artificial gardening and/or pollen accumulation over multiple seasons.
The effect of climatic and geographical factors on breast cancer in Iran
Authors: Maryanaji Zohreh
Published: November 2020

Objective

By studying the effect of environmental factors on health, it is clear that geographical, climatic and environmental factors have a significant impact on human health. This study, based on the data of the patients with breast cancer in Iran since 2010 to 2014 and using the statistical methods has determined the effect of geographical features of Iran (solar radiation status, radiation angle) on the frequency and distribution of this disease.

Results

The maximum amount of total solar radiation occurs in the vicinity (surrounding) of the tropic of cancer, which covers some parts of the south of Iran and in the atmosphere of the northern latitudes of Iran. The amount of humidity and cloudiness is more than the southern latitudes, which causes more reflection of short waves of the sun during the day. Findings showed that the rate of breast cancer in low latitudes is higher than high latitudes. It was also found that with increasing longitude, the rate of cancer increases significantly due to the high thickness of the atmosphere and receiving more sunlight in the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as dry air and low water vapor in low altitude areas of eastern and southeastern Iran.
First report on molecular basis of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) aggravation by combined effect of tuber and prevailing aphid
Authors: Kumar Ravi Ranjan , Ansar Mohammad , Rajani Kumari , Kumar Jitesh , Ranjan Tushar
Published: November 2020

Objective

The Potato Leaf Roll Virus (PLRV) is one of the most devastating virus causing severe yield losses worldwide in potato. The comprehensive observations were made to study the PLRV infestation in major potato growing areas of Bihar (India) and further detailed molecular basis of PLRV aggravation was established.

Results

Although aphids population were found comparatively lower with maximum symptomatic plants, our molecular data further confirms the presence of PLRV in all possible symptomatic tissues such as tubers, shoots and leaves. For the first time, we have proposed molecular basis of aggravation of PLRV, where tuber acts as a reservoir during off-season and further transmitted by aphids.
Toward the identification of a phytocannabinoid-like compound in the flowers of a South African medicinal plant (Leonotis leonurus)
Authors: Hunter E. , Stander M. , Kossmann J. , Chakraborty S. , Prince S. , Peters S. , Loedolff Bianke
Published: November 2020

Objective

Current global trends on natural therapeutics suggest an increasing market interest toward the use and discovery of new plant-derived therapeutic compounds, often referred to as traditional medicine (TM). The Cannabis industry is currently one such focal area receiving attention, owing to the occurrence of phytocannabinoids (pCBs) which have shown promise in health-promotion and disease prevention. However, the occurrence of pCBs in other plant species are often overlooked and rarely studied. Leonotis leonurus (L.) R. Br. is endemic to South Africa with a rich history of use in TM practices amongst indigenous people and, has been recorded to induce mild psychoactive effects akin to Cannabis. While the leaves have been well-reported to contain therapeutic phytochemicals, little information exists on the flowers. Consequently, as part of a larger research venture, we targeted the flowers of L. leonurus for the identification of potential pCB or pCB-like compounds.

Results

Flower extracts were separated and analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). A single pCB candidate was isolated from HPTLC plates and, using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), we could successfully group this compound as a fatty amide and tentatively identified as 7,10,13,16-Docosatetraenoylethanolamine (adrenoyl-EA), a known bioactive compound.
Red flags for the differential diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis: a case report
Authors: Chalmers Richard , McClellan Patrick , Silva Vixey , Shutt Natalie , Restini Carolina
Published: November 2020

Background

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare benign chronic inflammatory breast disease. GM presents as a heterogeneous illness with variable clinical presentations, and its diagnosis is usually made by exclusion. There are no guidelines for the treatment of GM. This manuscript describes the management of a patient with GM, initially unsuccessfully treated outside our clinic under a diagnosis of mastitis. The patient’s history, physical examination, and needle biopsy flagged the patient’s findings as nonmalignant; however, imaging studies indicated a tumor. Differential diagnosis became a critical element of her care. This case report represents a valuable resource to foster more assertive clinical practice in managing patients with GM. The case coordination and its course were led by a team from an outreach clinic that provides health care services to underserved communities in the state of Michigan.

Case presentation

A 41-year-old G1P1 Hispanic female immigrant from Central America presented with a rare breast disease, granulomatous mastitis. A similar presentation occurred 5 years before pregnancy when she had an episode of pain and swelling in the left breast, which resolved spontaneously. She sought our services after being diagnosed with mastitis that was unsuccessfully treated. Physical examination revealed a nodular mass in the outer quadrants of the left breast without regional lymphadenopathy. Needle biopsy showed fibrohistiocytic and florid inflammatory reactions, with no evidence of invasive carcinoma. However, this result was inconsistent with the degree of abnormality revealed by the mammogram (BI-RADS grade 5), ultrasound, and physical examination. Full incisional biopsy revealed cystic neutrophilic GM. The surgical procedure, antibiotics, and corticosteroids resulted in a successful combination to secure the stable control of the symptoms and progression of this rare benign breast disease to date.

Conclusions

This patient’s case highlights the importance of integrated communication among front-line primary care and other health care professionals to reduce the risk of invasive procedures and avoid institutional costs. GM is a rare disease. We raised the manifold red flags in which the multiple professional chains recruited to care for this patient were concerning for advanced breast cancer. The lack of experience and evidence-based medicine contributed to the contradictory interpretation of the findings on GM's diagnosis.
Autologous adipose-derived stem cells for the treatment of complex cryptoglandular perianal fistula: a prospective case-control study
Authors: Zhang Yang , Ni Min , Zhou Chungen , Wang Yehuang , Wang Yaxian , Shi Yang , Jin Jing , Zhang Rui , Jiang Bin
Published: November 2020

Background

Complex cryptoglandular perianal fistula (CPAF) is a kind of anal fistula that may cause anal incontinence after surgery. Minimally invasive surgery of anal fistula is constantly emerging. Over the past 20 years, there are several sphincter-sparing surgeries, one of which is autologous adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) transplantation. However, to date, there is no study regarding the treatment of complex CPAF with ADSC in China. This is the first study in China on the treatment of complex CPAF with ADSC to evaluate its safety and efficacy.

Methods

Totally, 24 patients with complex CPAF were enrolled in this prospective case-control study from January 2018 to December 2019 in the National Colorectal Disease Center of Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine. Patients were divided into ADSC group and endorectal advancement flap (ERAF) group according to their desire. The healing of fistulas (healing of all treated fistulas at baseline, confirmed by doctor’s clinical assessment and magnetic resonance imaging or transrectal ultrasonography) was evaluated at week 12 after treatment. In addition to their safety evaluation based on adverse events monitored at each follow-up, the patients were also asked to complete some scoring scales at each follow-up including pain score with visual analog score (VAS) and anal incontinence score with Wexner score.

Results

The closure rates within ADSC group and ERAF group at week 12 were 54.55% (6/11) and 53.85% (7/13), respectively, without significant difference between them. VAS score in ADSC group was significantly lower than that in ERAF group at the 5th day postoperatively [1(0,2) VS 2(2,4), p = 0.011], but no differences were observed at the other time. Wexner score of all patients was not increased with no significant differences between the two groups. Adverse events were observed fewer in ADSC group (27.27%) than that in ERAF group (53.85%), but there was no significant difference between them.

Conclusion

This study indicated safety and efficiency of ADSC for the treatment of complex CPAF in the short term, which is not inferior to that of ERAF. ADSC may provide a promised and potential treatment for complex CPAF conforming to the future of the treatment, which is reconstruction and regeneration.

Trail registration

ChiCTR, ChiCTR1800014599. Registered 23 January 2018—retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24548
Memory-assisted reinforcement learning for diverse molecular de novo design
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Engkvist Ola , Bajorath Jürgen , Chen Hongming
Published: November 2020

In de novo molecular design, recurrent neural networks (RNN) have been shown to be effective methods for sampling and generating novel chemical structures. Using a technique called reinforcement learning (RL), an RNN can be tuned to target a particular section of chemical space with optimized desirable properties using a scoring function. However, ligands generated by current RL methods so far tend to have relatively low diversity, and sometimes even result in duplicate structures when optimizing towards desired properties. Here, we propose a new method to address the low diversity issue in RL for molecular design. Memory-assisted RL is an extension of the known RL, with the introduction of a so-called memory unit. As proof of concept, we applied our method to generate structures with a desired AlogP value. In a second case study, we applied our method to design ligands for the dopamine type 2 receptor and the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 1A receptor. For both receptors, a machine learning model was developed to predict whether generated molecules were active or not for the receptor. In both case studies, it was found that memory-assisted RL led to the generation of more compounds predicted to be active having higher chemical diversity, thus achieving better coverage of chemical space of known ligands compared to established RL methods.
New general decay result for a system of two singular nonlocal viscoelastic equations with general source terms and a wide class of relaxation functions
Authors: Al-Gharabli Mohammad M. , Al-Mahdi Adel M. , Messaoudi Salim A.
Published: November 2020

This work is concerned with a system of two singular viscoelastic equations with general source terms and nonlocal boundary conditions. We discuss the stabilization of this system under a very general assumption on the behavior of the relaxation function $k_{i}$

k
i

, namely, $$\begin{aligned} k_{i}^{\prime }(t)\le -\xi _{i}(t) \Psi _{i} \bigl(k_{i}(t)\bigr),\quad i=1,2. \end{aligned}$$

k
i
′

(
t
)
≤
−

ξ
i

(
t
)

Ψ
i

(

k
i

(
t
)
)

,

i
=
1
,
2
.
We establish a new general decay result that improves most of the existing results in the literature related to this system. Our result allows for a wider class of relaxation functions, from which we can recover the exponential and polynomial rates when $k_{i}(s) = s^{p}$

k
i

(
s
)
=

s
p

and p covers the full admissible range $[1, 2)$
[
1
,
2
)
.
Dynamics of the rumor-spreading model with hesitation mechanism in heterogenous networks and bilingual environment
Authors: Yang Shuai , Jiang Haijun , Hu Cheng , Yu Juan , Li Jiarong
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a novel rumor-spreading model is proposed under bilingual environment and heterogenous networks, which considers that exposures may be converted to spreaders or stiflers at a set rate. Firstly, the nonnegativity and boundedness of the solution for rumor-spreading model are proved by reductio ad absurdum. Secondly, both the basic reproduction number and the stability of the rumor-free equilibrium are systematically discussed. Whereafter, the global stability of rumor-prevailing equilibrium is explored by utilizing Lyapunov method and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Finally, the sensitivity analysis and the numerical simulation are respectively presented to analyze the impact of model parameters and illustrate the validity of theoretical results.
Constructions of the soliton solutions to the good Boussinesq equation
Authors: Almatrafi Mohammed Bakheet , Alharbi Abdulghani Ragaa , Tunç Cemil
Published: November 2020

The principal objective of the present paper is to manifest the exact traveling wave and numerical solutions of the good Boussinesq (GB) equation by employing He’s semiinverse process and moving mesh approaches. We present the achieved exact results in the form of hyperbolic trigonometric functions. We test the stability of the exact results. We discretize the GB equation using the finite-difference method. We also investigate the accuracy and stability of the used numerical scheme. We sketch some 2D and 3D surfaces for some recorded results. We theoretically and graphically report numerical comparisons with exact traveling wave solutions. We measure the$L_{2}$L2 error to show the accuracy of the used numerical technique. We can conclude that the novel techniques deliver improved solution stability and accuracy. They are reliable and effective in extracting some new soliton solutions for some nonlinear partial differential equations (NLPDEs).
Impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality among neonates in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tolossa Tadesse , Fekadu Ginenus , Mengist Belayneh , Mulisa Diriba , Fetensa Getahun , Bekele Daniel
Published: November 2020

Background

As compared to other regions of the world, Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) is the region with the highest neonatal mortality and is the region showing the least progress in the reduction of newborn death. Despite better progress made in reducing neonatal mortality, Ethiopia contributes the highest rate of neonatal death in Africa. In Ethiopia, findings from few studies were inconsistent and there is a need to systematically pool existing data to determine the impact of antenatal care on neonatal mortality among mother-neonate pairs in Ethiopia.

Methods

Published articles from various electronic databases such as Medline, Hinari, Pub Med, Cochrane library, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar were accessed. Also, unpublished studies from library catalogs were identified. All observational studies that were conducted on the association between antenatal care follow-up and neonatal mortality among neonates in Ethiopia were included. Data were extracted on the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using STATA 14.1 version. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled estimate with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Forest plots were used to visualize the presence of heterogeneity and estimate the pooled impact on antenatal care on neonatal mortality. The presence of publication bias was assessed by funnel plots and Egger’s statistical tests.

Results

Initially, a total of 345 studies were accessed. Finally, 28 full-text studies were reviewed and fourteen studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and included in the final meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate indicates the odds of neonatal death among neonates from women with antenatal care were 65% lower than those neonates from women who had no antenatal care follow-up (OR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.51).

Conclusions

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, lack of ANC follow-up increase the probability of neonatal mortality as compared to having ANC follow-up. Thus, we will recommend for more coverages of appropriate antenatal care where risk groups can best be identified and managed.
Education and training programmes for infection prevention and control professionals: mapping the current opportunities and local needs in European countries
Authors: Tsioutis Constantinos , Birgand Gabriel , Bathoorn Erik , Deptula Aleksander , ten Horn Lenny , Castro-Sánchez Enrique , Săndulescu Oana , Widmer Andreas F. , Tsakris Athanasios , Pieve Giulio , Tacconelli Evelina , Mutters Nico T.
Published: November 2020

Background

Studies have repeatedly highlighted the need for homogenisation of training content and opportunities in infection prevention and control (IPC) across European countries.

Objectives

To map current training opportunities for IPC professionals, define local needs and highlight differences, across 11 European countries (Cyprus, France, England, Germany, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland).

Sources

From July 2018 to February 2019, IPC experts directly involved in IPC training and education in their countries and/or internationally were invited to complete a prespecified set of questions in order to provide a detailed description of IPC training opportunities and needs in their country.

Conclusions

IPC training among nurses and doctors varies greatly across countries, with differences in content and type of training (e.g., standardised curriculum, educational programme, clinical experience) duration, as well as in assessment and recognition/accreditation. The observed heterogeneity in IPC training between European countries can be eliminated through establishment of interdisciplinary region-wide training programmes, with common learning objectives, shared know-how and supported by national and international professional bodies.
Natural resource degradation tendencies in Ethiopia: a review
Authors: Wassie Simachew Bantigegn
Published: November 2020

Background

Ethiopia is gifted with abundant natural resources of adequate landmass, fertile soil, favorable climate, water, wildlife, and others. Many of its resources are not properly identified, well managed, and fully exploited. The concern of this review is collating the current state of knowledge about the status of land, water, forest, rangeland and wildlife resources, and hence, assesses their degradation tendencies.

Results

In Ethiopia, natural resources are under the influence of various interconnected factors like population pressure, agricultural expansion, migration, rapid urbanization, resettlement, climate change, and environmental pollution. Its huge population number had been putting a great burden on the sustainability of almost all types of natural resources. There is, therefore, serious degradation of land, water, forest, rangeland, and wildlife resources that appear to feed off each other. This results in severe soil loss, low vegetative cover, unsustainable farming practice, continuous use of dung and crop residues for fuel, overgrazing, and destruction and/or migration of wildlife, which again are intensifying the degradation of available resources in a vicious circle. The process ends with amplified environmental consequences such as water quality deterioration, biodiversity decline, and averts ecosystem services. It further recapitulates towards diverse socio-economic problems, political instability, marginalization, poverty, and recurrent natural hazards. The Ethiopian governments have taken several steps to address these problems like launching soil and water conservation campaign, tree planting programs, and others; success to date, however, has been limited.

Conclusions

Special attention has to be given to properly manage the natural resources and ecosystems; so that, it can continue to provide the goods and services the population need.
N6-methyladenine modification in noncoding RNAs and its function in cancer
Authors: Yang Xinyu , Hu Xiang , Liu Jinting , Wang Ruiqing , Zhang Chen , Han Fengjiao , Chen Yuhong , Ma Daoxin
Published: November 2020

Non-coding RNAs are the main component of the extensive transcription results of the mammalian genome. They are not transcribed into proteins but play critical roles in regulating multiple biological processes and affecting cancer progression. m6A modification is one of the most abundant internal RNA modification of mammalian cells, and it involves almost all aspects of RNA metabolism. Recent research revealed tight correlations between m6A modification and ncRNAs and indicated the interaction between m6A and ncRNAs act a pivotal part in the development of cancer. The correlation between m6A modification and ncRNAs provides a new perspective for exploring the potential regulatory mechanism of tumor gene expression, and suggest that m6A modification and ncRNAs may be important prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for multiple cancers. In this review, we summarize the potential regulatory mechanisms between m6A methylation and ncRNAs, highlighting how their relationship affects biological functions in cancer.
Chromosomal instability in the prediction of pituitary neuroendocrine tumors prognosis
Authors: Lasolle Hélène , Elsensohn Mad-Hélénie , Wierinckx Anne , Alix Eudeline , Bonnefille Clément , Vasiljevic Alexandre , Cortet Christine , Decoudier Bénédicte , Sturm Nathalie , Gaillard Stephan , Ferrière Amandine , Roy Pascal , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Bertolino Philippe , Bardel Claire , Sanlaville Damien , Raverot Gérald
Published: November 2020

The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of copy number variations (CNV) on sporadic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) prognosis, to identify specific prognosis markers according to the known clinico-pathological classification. CGH array analysis was performed on 195 fresh-frozen PitNETs (56 gonadotroph, 11 immunonegative, 56 somatotroph, 39 lactotroph and 33 corticotroph), with 5 years post-surgery follow-up (124 recurrences), classified according to the five-tiered grading classification (invasion, Ki-67, mitotic index and p53 positivity). Effect of alterations on recurrence was studied using logistic regression models. Transcriptomic analysis of 32 lactotroph tumors was performed. The quantity of CNV was dependent on tumor type: higher in lactotroph (median(min–max) = 38% (0–97) of probes) compared to corticotroph (11% (0–77)), somatotroph (5% (0–99)), gonadotroph (0% (0–10)) and immunonegative tumors (0% (0–17). It was not predictive of recurrence in the whole cohort. In lactotroph tumors, genome instability, especially quantity of gains, significantly predicted recurrence independently of invasion and proliferation (p-value = 0.02, OR = 1.2). However, no specific CNV was found as a prognostic marker. Transcriptomic analysis of the genes included in the CNV and associated with prognosis didn’t show significantly overrepresented pathway. In somatotroph and corticotroph tumors, USP8 and GNAS mutations were not associated with genome disruption or recurrence respectively. To conclude, CGH array analysis showed genome instability was dependent on PitNET type. Lactotroph tumors were highly altered and the quantity of altered genome was associated with poorer prognosis though the mechanism is unclear, whereas gonadotroph and immunonegative tumors showed the same ‘quiet’ profile, leaving the mechanism underlying tumorigenesis open to question.
Exploring the transition from natural to synthetic dyes in the production of 19th-century Central Asian ikat textiles
Authors: Tamburini Diego , Breitung Eric , Mori Chika , Kotajima Tomoko , Clarke Matthew L. , McCarthy Blythe
Published: November 2020

This study focuses on the dye analysis of 26 ikat textiles present in the collection of the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery and originally collected by Dr. Guido Goldman with the aim to gain additional information about their provenance and dating. The investigation exploits the full potential of a multi-analytical approach, starting with a non-invasive survey of all the colors using fiber optic reflectance spectroscopy (FORS), which revealed the presence of indigo and insect-based red dyes. These data were used to select areas from which samples were taken and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC–DAD). These results enabled most of the natural sources of dyes to be fully identified, including American cochineal (Dactylopius coccus), madder (probably Rubia tinctorum), lac (probably Kerria lacca), larkspur (Delphinum semibarbatum), pagoda tree flower buds (Sophora japonica), grape vine leaves (Vitis vinifera), indigo and tannins. Complex mixtures of dyes were present in most samples, as a result of both the ikat making process itself and traditional dyeing practices. Synthetic dyes were identified in 9 of the textiles. Samples were re-analyzed using HPLC–DAD coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC–DAD-MS). Malachite green (basic green 4, C.I. 42000), fuchsine (basic violet 14, C.I. 42510), rhodamine B (basic violet 10, C.I. 45170) and methyl violet (basic violet 1, C.I. 42535) were identified, and a few other tentatively identified synthetic dyes (probably orange I, II and IV, rhodamine 6G, patent blue V and alizarin yellow GG) were detected. As the first synthesis of early synthetic dyes is well documented, their presence was used to refine the dating of these textiles. The contextualization of the results also appeared to support the stylistic assumption that more intricate and colorful designs with a higher level of complexity are dated earlier than simpler, larger and more graphic ones. The overall information acquired reveals a dynamic scenario and an interesting window into the dyers’ experiments and adjustments to the economic and technological changes of the nineteenth century.
A data model for enhanced data comparability across multiple organizations
Authors: Obilikwu Patrick , Ogbuju Emeka
Published: November 2020

Organizations may be related in terms of similar operational procedures, management, and supervisory agencies coordinating their operations. Supervisory agencies may be governmental or non-governmental but, in all cases, they perform oversight functions over the activities of the organizations under their control. Multiple organizations that are related in terms of oversight functions by their supervisory agencies, may differ significantly in terms of their geographical locations, aims, and objectives. To harmonize these differences such that comparative analysis will be meaningful, data about the operations of multiple organizations under one control or management can be cultivated, using a uniform format. In this format, data is easily harvested and the ease with which it is used for cross-population analysis, referred to as data comparability is enhanced. The current practice, whereby organizations under one control maintain their data in independent databases, specific to an enterprise application, greatly reduces data comparability and makes cross-population analysis a herculean task. In this paper, the collocation data model is formulated as consisting of big data technologies beyond data mining techniques and used to reduce the heterogeneity inherent in databases maintained independently across multiple organizations. The collocation data model is thus presented as capable of enhancing data comparability across multiple organizations. The model was used to cultivate the assessment scores of students in some schools for some period and used to rank the schools. The model permits data comparability across several geographical scales among which are: national, regional and global scales, where harvested data form the basis for generating analytics for insights, hindsight, and foresight about organizational problems and strategies.
Short-term perinatal oxygen exposure may impair lung development in adult mice
Authors: Kumar Vasantha H. S. , Wang Huamei , Nielsen Lori
Published: November 2020

Background

Hyperoxia at resuscitation increases oxidative stress, and even brief exposure to high oxygen concentrations during stabilization may trigger organ injury with adverse long-term outcomes in premature infants. We studied the long-term effects of short-term perinatal oxygen exposure on cell cycle gene expression and lung growth in adult mice.

Methods

We randomized mice litters at birth to 21, 40, or 100%O2for 30 min and recovered in room air for 4 or 12 weeks. Cell cycle gene expression, protein analysis, and lung morphometry were assessed at 4 and 12 weeks.

Results

The principal component analysis demonstrated a high degree of correlation for cell cycle gene expression among the three oxygen groups. Lung elastin was significantly lower in the 100%O2groups at 4 weeks. On lung morphometry, radial alveolar count, alveolar number, and septal count were similar. However, the mean linear intercept (MLI) and septal length significantly correlated among the oxygen groups. The MLI was markedly higher in the 100%O2groups at 4 and 12 weeks of age, and the septal length was significantly lower in the 100%O2groups at 12 weeks.

Conclusion

Short-term exposure to high oxygen concentrations lead to subtle changes in lung development that may affect alveolarization. The changes are related explicitly to secondary crest formation that may result in alteration in lung elastin. Resuscitation with high oxygen concentrations may have a significant impact on lung development and long-term outcomes such as BPD in premature infants.
Impact of ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability after refractive surgery: SMILE and FS-LASIK
Authors: Li Meiyan , Yang Danjuan , Zhao Yu , Yang Weiming , Shang Jianmin , Zhou Xueyi , Yao Peijun , Yang Dong , Lin Xue , Zhou Xingtao
Published: November 2020

Background

To investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on 5-year postoperative posterior corneal stability in myopic eyes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) surgery.

Methods

A prospective, nonrandomized, cohort study: 80 eyes of 43 patients underwent SMILE surgery and 63 eyes of 32 patients underwent FS-LASIK surgery at the EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University. Ablation ratio was defined as lenticule thickness (SMILE cases) or ablation depth (FS-LASIK cases) divided by central corneal thickness (CCT). Posterior corneal elevation changes were recorded as posterior central elevation (PCE), posterior corneal surface at thinnest point (PTE) and posterior corneal mean elevation (PME). Patients were followed up at 6-month and 5-year interval to investigate the impact of the ablation ratio on posterior corneal elevation after SMILE and FS-LASIK surgery.

Results

PCE dropped at the 6-month follow-up for both SMILE (decreased by −1.11 ± 2.93 μm,P < 0.05) and FS-LASIK groups (decreased by −0.46 ± 3.72 μm,P < 0.05). PTE also dropped in SMILE (reduced by −2.04 ± 3.02 μm,P < 0.05) and FS-LASIK group (reduced by −1.28 ± 4.21 μm,P < 0.05) at the 6-month follow-up. Stable PCE (elevation change: SMILE −0.28 ± 4.03 μm; FS-LASIK 0.79 ± 4.13 μm,P > 0.05) and PTE (elevation change: SMILE −0.08 ± 4.28 μm; FS-LASIK 1.42 ± 3.85 μm,P > 0.05) for both groups were recorded at the 5-year follow-up compared to the 6-month visit. Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with 5-year postoperative PCE (β = 2.68 ± 1.05,P < 0.01) and PTE (β = 2.35 ± 1.17,P < 0.05). Cut-off value for 5-year postoperative raised PCE and PTE was 27.3 and 27.1%, respectively.

Conclusions

Ablation ratio was strongly correlated with postoperative posterior corneal elevation in a 5-year follow-up in both SMILE and FS-LASIK groups. PCE and PTE underwent slight backward displacement 6-month postoperatively and remain stable at the 5-year follow-up. Threshold of the ablation ratio for resisting forward displacement of posterior corneal surface was 27.3 and 27.1% for SMILE and FS-LASIK groups, respectively.
Disaster preparedness for metro projects: a social-cognitive perspective of Pakistan
Authors: Abid Muhammad , Umer Muhammad , Maqsoom Ahsen , Abid Zaineb
Published: November 2020

During the last decade, 2.4 billion individuals, the majority of which were residing in low economic growth countries, became victim of global disasters. As economic growth is correlated with the resilience of a nation against a disaster, therefore developing and underdeveloped nations significantly face higher magnitude of losses. With Pakistan being a developing country, the present study takes into account the most recently accomplished mega project of METROBUS service that is currently operational in the twin metropolitan cities of Pakistan i.e. Islamabad and Rawalpindi to study the pre and post development perspectives of project in terms of the hazard perception, prospect disaster threats it poses towards the society in case of major seismic activity and the magnitude of disaster preparedness associated to the potential hazardous circumstances as result of seismic event occurrence. Statistical evaluations for the current study were conducted utilizing the SmartPLS 3.0, being based upon the information collected through 336 self-supervised surveyed responses. The results of the current study indicated, the respondents to be highly in favor of the commute service project, but at the same time, they highlighted the concerns regarding socio-economic adversities faced during the project development phases as well as after its completion. Further, the respondents expressed major reservations regarding the disaster management measures taken by the potential stakeholders of the project. Despite the fact that most of the respondents were well educated, the lack of awareness regarding preparedness against any possible project related disastrous situation, was observed. To mitigate the potential disaster losses associated to the project, respondents suggested that the national authorities should proactively provide awareness to the public and assure the availability of all necessary facilities, in case of any hazardous situation; seismic in particular. Considering the practical implications, the current study may be useful for other developing countries, which too faced similar concerns during development of comparable megaprojects and share similar environmental conditions.
Empirical study on the effects of social network–supported group concept mapping
Authors: Shih Yen-An , Chang Ben
Published: November 2020

Social networks provide traditional concept mapping of new opportunities for concept construction with grouping, social interaction, and collaborative functions. However, little effort has been made to explore the effects of social network–supported concept mapping compared with traditional individual concept construction. This paper explores the effects of social network–supported group concept mapping (SCM) activity and compares them with the effects of individual concept mapping (ICM) activity. A platform named CoCoing.info (http://cocoing.info) is utilized to examine the SCM and ICM activities under three studies, which drove the following research questions: (1) Do map structure (i.e., propositions, hierarchies, examples, cross-links, and scores) and mapping activity (i.e., map modification period and frequency) differ between ICM and SCM in students on specialized courses? (2) Do map structure and mapping activity differ between ICM and SCM in students on general education courses? (3) What are the effects of group size on SCM? In study I, four classes are selected to ensure a strong social network learning environment control. On the basis of study I, study II extends the controlled environment within an open social networking environment with a total of 1106 SCM maps and 569 ICM maps to produce an improved overview of concept mapping. The findings of studies I and II are consistent, demonstrating that the students constructed more comprehensive concept maps and had a higher modification period and frequency with SCM than with ICM, which indicates that in a social network learning environment, SCM is favorable to ICM. Study III considers each participant’s contributions to identify an optimal group number. The results of study III indicate that groups with two to seven members perform better than larger groups. Overall, the findings demonstrate the benefits of integrating concept mapping with social networking for student learning outcomes.
The association between hypozincemia and aortic stenosis prevalence in hemodialysis patients: a single-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Matsui Satoshi , Ameku Tomonaga , Takada Daisuke , Ono Shinji
Published: November 2020

Background

Hypozincemia contributes to phosphate-induced vascular calcification in model animals of renal failure, but the association between hypozincemia and aortic stenosis (AS) prevalence in patients with end-stage kidney disease remains unreported in clinical settings.

Methods

To investigate the association between hypozincemia and AS prevalence in patients undergoing hemodialysis, we designed a single-center cross-sectional study. Our outcome “AS” was defined as prevalence of moderate or severe AS or surgical history for AS. Depending on serum zinc levels, we divided patients undergoing hemodialysis into deciles. The association between hypozincemia and AS prevalence was analyzed via logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, dialysis vintage, diabetes history, serum albumin, and history of taking calcium-containing phosphate binder.

Results

Ninety-three patients undergoing hemodialysis were eligible. The mean serum zinc level was 61.3 ± 13.9 μg/dL. Twelve patients who belonged to 1st decile had serum zinc levels ≤ 48 μg/dL. Of these twelve patients, six patients (50 %) had AS. On the other hand, of eighty one patients who belonged to 2nd–10th deciles (serum zinc levels > 48 μg/dL), thirteen patients (16 %) had AS. Hypozincemia (serum zinc levels ≤ 48 μg/dL) was associated with AS prevalence (P= 0.038; odds ratio 4.43; 95% confidence interval 1.09–18.0).

Conclusions

AS was more prevalent in patients undergoing hemodialysis with severe hypozincemia in our cross-sectional study, although interventional studies are required to elucidate the benefit of zinc supplementation for AS progression.
A machine learning-based classification approach on Parkinson’s disease diffusion tensor imaging datasets
Authors: Prasuhn Jannik , Heldmann Marcus , Münte Thomas F. , Brüggemann Norbert
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The presence of motor signs and symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the result of a long-lasting prodromal phase with an advancing neurodegenerative process. The identification of PD patients in an early phase is, however, crucial for developing disease-modifying drugs. The objective of our study is to investigate whether Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of the Substantia nigra (SN) analyzed by machine learning algorithms (ML) can be used to identify PD patients.

Methods

Our study proposes the use of computer-aided algorithms and a highly reproducible approach (in contrast to manually SN segmentation) to increase the reliability and accuracy of DTI metrics used for classification.

Results

The results of our study do not confirm the feasibility of the DTI approach, neither on a whole-brain level, ROI-labelled analyses, nor when focusing on the SN only.

Conclusions

Our study did not provide any evidence to support the hypothesis that DTI-based analysis, in particular of the SN, could be used to identify PD patients correctly.
Impact of schizophrenia genetic liability on the association between schizophrenia and physical illness: data-linkage study
Authors: Kendall Kimberley M. , John Ann , Lee Sze Chim , Rees Elliott , Pardiñas Antonio F. , Banos Marcos Del Pozo , Owen Michael J. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Kirov George , Lloyd Keith , Jones Ian , Legge Sophie E. , Walters James T. R.
Published: November 2020

Background

Individuals with schizophrenia are at higher risk of physical illnesses, which are a major contributor to their 20-year reduced life expectancy. It is currently unknown what causes the increased risk of physical illness in schizophrenia.

Aims

To link genetic data from a clinically ascertained sample of individuals with schizophrenia to anonymised National Health Service (NHS) records. To assess (a) rates of physical illness in those with schizophrenia, and (b) whether physical illness in schizophrenia is associated with genetic liability.

Method

We linked genetic data from a clinically ascertained sample of individuals with schizophrenia (Cardiff Cognition in Schizophrenia participants, n = 896) to anonymised NHS records held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank. Physical illnesses were defined from the General Practice Database and Patient Episode Database for Wales. Genetic liability for schizophrenia was indexed by (a) rare copy number variants (CNVs), and (b) polygenic risk scores.

Results

Individuals with schizophrenia in SAIL had increased rates of epilepsy (standardised rate ratio (SRR) = 5.34), intellectual disability (SRR = 3.11), type 2 diabetes (SRR = 2.45), congenital disorders (SRR = 1.77), ischaemic heart disease (SRR = 1.57) and smoking (SRR = 1.44) in comparison with the general SAIL population. In those with schizophrenia, carrier status for schizophrenia-associated CNVs and neurodevelopmental disorder-associated CNVs was associated with height (P = 0.015–0.017), with carriers being 7.5–7.7 cm shorter than non-carriers. We did not find evidence that the increased rates of poor physical health outcomes in schizophrenia were associated with genetic liability for the disorder.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the value of and potential for linking genetic data from clinically ascertained research studies to anonymised health records. The increased risk for physical illness in schizophrenia is not caused by genetic liability for the disorder.
Effect of Proposed Episode-Based Payment Models on Advanced Radiotherapy Procedures
Authors: Meeks Sanford L. , Shah Amish P. , Sood Gaurav , Dvorak Tomas , Zeidan Omar A. , Meeks Dylan T. , Kelly Patrick
Published: November 2020

PURPOSE:

An episode-based payment model, the Radiation Oncology Alternative Payment Model (RO-APM), has been proposed for Medicare reimbursement of radiation services provided to oncology patients. RO-APM may have significant impact on reimbursement for specific patient populations.

METHODS:

This investigation compares historical fee-for-service technical reimbursement estimates at a large hospital-based system to the RO-APM for advanced radiotherapy treatment of specific cancer types. These advanced techniques, stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), online-adaptive SBRT, and proton therapy, were specifically chosen because they are resource intensive and are correspondingly among the most expensive radiation oncology procedures. A total of 203 Medicare patients were analyzed.

RESULTS:

RO-APM base-rate reimbursements were similar for SRS and were 38%-47% higher for SBRT. The proposed rates were 1%-31% lower for online-adaptive SBRT, and 48%-71% lower for proton therapy.

CONCLUSION:

These data suggest that the RO-APM may have the desired effect of encouraging shorter courses of radiotherapy, such as SBRT. However, emerging technologies that require large capital and operating investments may see an overall significant reduction in proposed reimbursement.
The pivotal role of ERp44 in patrolling protein secretion
Authors: Tempio Tiziana , Anelli Tiziana
Published: November 2020

Interactions between protein ligands and receptors are the main language of intercellular communication; hence, how cells select proteins to be secreted or presented on the plasma membrane is a central concern in cell biology. A series of checkpoints are located along the secretory pathway, which ensure the fidelity of such protein signals (quality control). Proteins that pass the checkpoints operated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by the binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP; also known as HSPA5 and GRP78) and the calnexin–calreticulin systems, must still overcome additional scrutiny in the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and the Golgi. One of the main players of this process in all metazoans is the ER-resident protein 44 (ERp44); by cycling between the ER and the Golgi, ERp44 controls the localization of key enzymes designed to act in the ER but that are devoid of suitable localization motifs. ERp44 also patrols the secretion of correctly assembled disulfide-linked oligomeric proteins. Here, we discuss the mechanisms driving ERp44 substrate recognition, with important consequences on the definition of ‘thiol-mediated quality control’. We also describe how pH and zinc gradients regulate the functional cycle of ERp44, coupling quality control and membrane trafficking along the early secretory compartment.