bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O copo meio cheio: a rede como um campo de possibilidades de valorização de professores / Cup half full: the network as a field of opportunities for teachers’ appreciation
Authors: Lebourg Elodia Honse , Fernandes Valdete Aparecida
Published: February 2017

RESUMO:A experiência que resultou neste artigo deriva da criação da rede Professores transformadores, um projeto de troca de conteúdo, de diálogo e de formação entre professores, pedagogos, gestores, estudantes de licenciatura e interessados por uma Educação mais reflexiva e engajada. Criada em 2015, a rede visa aproximar professores que são autores de ações inovadoras e transformadoras, chamando a atenção para a importância de suas práticas na formação de estudantes como cidadãos autônomos, críticos e criativos. Com estratégias de reforço ao protagonismo e à valorização docente, a rede se propõe a contribuir para ressignificar a prática profissional dos envolvidos, ao refletir sobre possibilidades de superação das adversidades e de alguns dos dilemas da Educação brasileira. Suas propostas de ação operam de duas formas. Digitalmente, os integrantes têm acesso a conteúdos criados coletivamente e publicados em um site, em uma página e em um grupo de uma rede social. Localmente, nas cidades mineiras de Ouro Preto e Mariana, a rede atua por meio da mobilização de professores em torno de ações, como palestras, mostras de filmes e estudos dirigidos. Os resultados, até o momento, indicam uma receptividade quanto à proposta, com professores se articulando, empoderando-se e construindo relações de troca com colegas de todo o país.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: rede; docência; formação docente; valorização. ABSTRACT:The experience resulted in this article is derived from the creation of the network Professores transformadores (Transformative Teachers), a project based on content exchange, dialog and development among teachers, educators, managers, and undergraduate students and all of those interested in a more reflective and committed education. Created in 2015, the network aims to bring together teachers who are the authors of innovative and transformative actions, calling attention to the importance of their practices in the students’ development process as autonomous, critical and creative citizens. With reinforcement strategies to leadership and teaching appreciation, the network intends to contribute to reframe the professional practice of those involved by reflecting on possibilities of overcoming adversity and some of the Brazilian Education dilemmas. The proposals operate in two ways. Digitally, members have access to content collectively created and published on a website, on a page and among a group on a social network. Locally, in Ouro Preto and Mariana towns, in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, the network works by mobilizing teachers with activities such as lectures, film exhibitions and guided studies. The results so far indicate receptivity to the proposal, with teachers articulating, empowering themselves and building exchange relationships with colleagues across the country.KEYWORDS: network; teaching; teacher development; appreciation.
Enhancement of Voltage Profile By Using Static Synchronous Compensator (Statcom) in Power System Networks
Authors: Rahman Ziaur , Tiwari Amit
Published: February 2017

Voltage profile is one of the concerned issues in power system network studies. The voltage profile decay can be experienced by the system when system is subjected to load increment or disturbances. Unscheduled increment of load variation in a power transmission system has driven the system to be stressful, leading to potential cascading trip on the entire system. and capacitor placement. In this paper we introduced the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), a shunt connected Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device which is capable to regulate the voltage profile by generating or observing the reactive power. Our objective has been tested with different size and different location of STATCOM on IEEE-4 Bus System and IEEE-9 Bus System by using the Newton-Raphson load flow method in MATLAB environment. In this work, firstly we have analysed IEEE-4 bus system and IEEE-9 bus system under the standard test data and after that analysed IEEE- 4 bus system and IEEE-9 bus system with STATCOM under the standard test data. After that, we have compared all the load flow results and observed the effect of STATCOM on voltage profile The different sizes of STATCOM used in the test systems are 20,40,60,80and 100MVAr.
Cleanliness and Environmental Protection: An Integral Issue
Authors: Singh Bharat Raj , Singh Amar Jyoti
Published: February 2017

The environment is a constituent element of culture in all societies. It therefore must take precedence on over all efforts to boost development and quality of life by the autonomous value of the environment and the need to protect it and manage it properly. We owe it, nevertheless, to ourselves, but chiefly to our children and future generations. An effort such as this, which aims to improve the environment and assist it to recover from human exploitation, must involve citizens, above all.
We must all adopt a positive instance towards the environment and make citizens aware not to do the impossible, but adopt few simple actions that can help make the difference every day. For instance, if we separate recyclable items and place them in the special blue bins, we are not only assisting to protect the environment but to conserve natural and financial resources. If we throw small items of garbage in wastebins rather than on the street, our city will immediately become cleaner. Additionally, by depositing rubbish in the bin, we improve the visual image of our city, reduce unpleasant odours and facilitate the movement of pedestrians and motor vehicles.
This paper covers day to day need to adopt cleanliness and its impact on environmental protection. Our efforts should be continuous to create a clean, environmentally-friendly city, state, country and globe at large to make our children and future generations healthy.
Bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (tulsi) in mild and moderate asthmatic patients in comparison with salbutamol: a single-blind cross-over study
Authors: M. Vinaya , B. L. Kudagi , Kamdod Mohammed Ameeruddin , Swamy Mallikarjuna
Published: February 2017

Background: Bronchial asthma is one of the commonest chronic inflammatory diseases. The drugs available to treat bronchial asthma such as, beta-2 agonists, though very effective are associated with adverse effects. Therefore, the Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) which was shown to have antiasthmatic activity in Ayurveda, is evaluated in this study.Objectives: To evaluate the bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum Linn. in mild and moderate asthma and compare its efficacy with the standard bronchodilator drug, Salbutamol.Methods: This is a single-blind cross-over study. Capsules of Ocimum sanctum Linn. (200 mg, twice daily) and Salbutamol sulphate (2 mg, twice daily) were administered in 41 patients. Each drug was administered for a period of one week with a washout period of one week between the two drug schedules. FEV1 and PEFR were recorded in these patients to assess the bronchodilator activity before the drug administration, on 4th and on 7th day of administration of Ocimum sanctum and the parameters obtained were compared with that of the standard drug, Salbutamol.Results: Ocimum sanctum 200mg twice daily produced significant improvement in both FEV1 and PEFR values, on 4th and 7th day and also produced improvement in symptoms of asthma. On comparing the results with that of Salbutamol 2mg twice daily, the bronchodilator activity of Ocimum sanctum was found to be less efficacious, where Salbutamol produced very highly significant improvement in FEV1 and PEFR values on both 4th and 7th day.Conclusions: Our results suggest that Ocimum sanctum Linn. possesses significant bronchodilator activity in mild and moderate bronchial asthma.
Assessment of hepatitis B in high risk people of Gachsaran city, Iran
Authors: Khajavian Mona , Sharifi Asghar
Published: February 2017

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major health problem throughout the world. The aim of this study determines the rate of prevalence of molecular and Seroepidemiological hepatitis B infections high risk populations in the Gachsaran city, according to factors such as age, sex, employment status, educational status etc.Methods: In a descriptive and analytical study, blood samples have been collected from 500 high risks individuals, from February 2015 to July 2016 in Gachsaran. The serum samples were tested by ELISA and PCR method was used to confirm the diagnosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program.Results: HBsAg was detected in 5 out of the 500 individuals, giving an overall prevalence of 1%. All the positive samples were in males. The rate of infection among the individuals with a history of unprotected sexual contact was 8% and was 0% among the individuals who experienced a needle stick. Four out of the five infected persons with hepatitis didn’t receive any vaccination and one of them received only one dose of vaccine.Conclusions: The results showed 1% infection at high-risk groups in the Gachsaran city. Age rising, maleness, unemployment, low educational level and suspicies sexual partners have been the factors of increasing HBV infection prevalence. Full vaccination has a strong and meaningful relationship with hepatitis B in the target groups, which requires all people at risk to be vaccinated completely. Government cooperation to identify and treat injecting drug users and encourage them to follow the preventive methods is beneficial.
Dermatological manifestations in PLHIV visiting link ART centre at rural medical college hospital in Western Tamilnadu, India
Authors: Vedhanayagam Mohankumar , Rajagopalan Rajesh , Govindan Srinivasahan Karatupalyam , Rajendran Balamurgan Bhavani
Published: February 2017

Background: Ever since the early reports of human immuno deficiency infection, it presented as wide range of infectious and non-infectious dermatoses which correlate with the degree of immunodeficiency. Skin assessment remains a vital tool in the diagnosis and management of HIV infection due to relative easiness of examination. Most of skin diseases are amenable to diagnosis by inspection and biopsy. In this descriptive study, we have enumerated in detail the dermatological manifestations of Link ART centre clients.Methods: To analyze the dermatological manifestations in people living with HIV, we undertook a prospective observational study of all PLHIV on ART visiting IRT Perundurai Medical College Hospital link anti- retroviral therapy centre (LAC) during July 2015 to August 2016 with focus to skin manifestations.Results: Among the 140 clients, 22 in 2010, 12 in 2011, 6 in 2012, 51 in 2013, 36 in 2014, and 9 in 2015, 3 up to June 2016 enrolled for follow up. 31 were transferred to nearby ART, Link ART centres during this period as per their request, 4 lost for follow up and 6 deceased after enrolment, finally ninety-nine (39 male; 60 female) were utilizing our centre during the study period. Majority of participants were on ZLN (zidovudine, lamivudine, and nevirapine) regimen, hailing from rural zones, belonged to low or low middle income group, were undertaking farming, cattle rearing. CD4 counts of the asymptomatic clients in the ZLN group noted increase and decrease in the ZLE (zidovudine, lamivudine, and efavirenz), TLN (tenofovir, lamivudine, and nevirapine) group.  In the symptomatic clients, decline in the individual and the mean counts except in female ZLN subset. 70% were clinically asymptomatic and 30 % were having some dermatological manifestations. Multiple manifestations were seen in 5 clients during the study period. Dermatological manifestations observed commonly were fungal and viral infections, xerosis/ichthyoses, adverse drug reactions like lipodystrophy, and discoloration of nails.Conclusions: Skin manifestations observed in this study were due to aging and long term cosmetic side effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy  (HAART). Lipodystrophy posed significant aesthetic distress in HAART clients. Hence, early management would decrease the most offending cosmetolgical side effects of the disease and drugs. Therapy yields the declining trend in the inflammatory, infectious dermatoses.
Comparison of pulmonary function tests in urban and rural children of Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Jiwtode Manoj Tukaram , Raikar Premanand Ramkrishna
Published: February 2017

Background: Pulmonary function tests (PFT) are considered as an essential component for evaluation of lung functions. PFTs are influenced by various parameters like anthropometric, geographic, ethnic, socio-economic parameters. Anthropological parameters are affected by nutrition and physical activities in young age, which directly affect the lung size and function. The aim of this study was to compare PFTs in urban and rural children of same district and to find out significant difference, if any.Methods: It was observational study. 150 each healthy children in the age group of 10 to 14 years were selected from urban and rural schools. After recording anthropometric data, PFTs were measured in all the children of both the groups. PFTs were compared among urban and rural children using unpaired t-test.Results: All the independent variables like age, weight and height were having linear positive correlation with PFTs (p<0.05). On comparing PFTs like Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV), Forced Expiratory Volume at the end of one second (FEV1), Percentage of Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1%) between rural and urban children no statistically significant difference was noted (p>0.05)., but Peak Flow Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) was significantly more (p<0.05) in rural than urban students.Conclusions: We can conclude that during measurement of PFTs especially PEFR in children, the factor of urban and rural background must be considered in prediction equation.
Comparative study of fetomaternal outcome in adolescent and young adult primigravidas
Authors: Meherda Kanti , Mathur Shikha
Published: February 2017

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide public health problem. WHO has defined adolescence as the period from 10-19 years of age. Purpose of the study was to compare the fetomaternal outcome in adolescent and young adult primigravidas.Methods: The study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over a period of six months. 150 adolescent (in our study between 15-19 years of age) and 150 young adults (20-25 years) primigravidas who delivered at our institution were randomly selected for the study. All the data including age, booking status, educational and economic status and address were noted. All essential antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum data were collected for both the groups and compared using Chi square test.Results: In our study the incidence of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum complications was 86%,36% and 10% respectively in the study group. But in the control group only 40% of the subjects had antepartum complications ,17.33% had intrapartum complications and the incidence of postpartum complications was only 4%. The difference is highly significant with a p value <0.001.Conclusions: Adolescent pregnancy is associated with adverse fetomaternal outcome and any effort to prevent it is worthwhile.
Study of cholecystectomy specimens over a period of one year in tertiary care centre
Authors: Bharathi I. Vijaya , Devi P. Urmila , Lakshmi A. Bhagya
Published: February 2017

Background: Gall bladder is among the most common surgically resected organs with various neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. Chronic chocystitis is the most commonly encountered lesion in India and worldwide and 78-90% are associated with calculi. Gall bladder cancer constitutes 0.5% to 1.09% including both suspected and incidental diagnosis. The objective of present study was to evaluate the various lesions of Gall bladder and the importance of grossing and histopathological examination of every cholecystectomy specimen in order to diagnose the incidental gall bladder cancer (IGBC).Methods: A Retrospective study of cholecystectomy specimens for a period of one year, May 2015 to June 2016 was carried out. 252 Cholecystectomy specimens were received and all of them subjected for histopathological examination and the sections stained with routine Hematoxylin and Eosin stain.Results: Commonest age group being 21-40years (41%) followed by 41-60years (40%). Gall bladder (GB) lesions are more common in females 175 (70%) and M:F ratio 1:2.2.Most commonest lesions were Chronic calculous cholecystitis constituting 155 cases (61%) followed by chronic cholecystitis 52 cases (21%). Cholelithiasis was associated with both Acute and Chronic Cholecytitis constituting 67%. Acute calculous cholecystits constitute 13 cases (5%) and Acute cholecystitis constitutes 10 cases (4%). In Congenital anomalies, 3 cases (1.2%) of Biliary atresia and 4 cases (1.2%) of choledochal cyst were diagnosed. 4 cases (1.6%) of Gall bladder carcinoma was diagnosed. Among these 3 cases were incidental gall bladder carcinoma (IGBC).Conclusions: cholecystectomy specimens should be subjected for histopathological examination to study various lesions of GB and to detect unsuspected incidental gall bladder cancer as cholecystectomy itself is the treatment for gall bladder cancer and also other lesions of GB associated with cholelithiasis.
Clinical study of acute stroke with special reference to Greek stroke scoring system
Authors: Saini Sachin , Singh Harpreet , Singh Tarsem Pal
Published: February 2017

Background: Stroke is becoming an important cause of premature death and disability in low-income and middle-income countries like India, largely driven by demographic changes and enhanced by the increasing prevalence of the key modifiable risk factors. Rapid access to CT is virtually impossible for all patients with a cerebrovascular event especially in resource poor countries like ours. Aims and objectives of the study were to study the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from acute stroke and to study the efficacy of Greek stroke scoring system in differentiating acute intracerebral infarction and hemorrhagic strokeMethods: Present study was carried out in 50 consecutive patients of stroke admitted to department of Medicine, Guru Nanak Dev Hospital (attached to Government Medical College), Amritsar, Punjab, India. It was a prospective, observational, hospital based study.Results: Maximum number of stroke patients i.e. 36% were in the age group of 61-70 years. Mean±sd age for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was 67.9±11 and 57±9 years respectively. 36 patients (72%) had ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke was seen in 14 patients (28%). Among the modifiable risk factors of stroke-hypertension was the most common (68% cases) followed by dyslipidemia (64%), DM (30%), chronic alcohol intake (28%). In the present study, Greek score had a high sensitivity (97%) and positive predictive value (97%) in diagnosing ischemic stroke. It also had excellent specificity (97%) and negative predictive value (97%) in diagnosing hemorrhagic strokeConclusions: Targeting the risk factors for preventing stroke in the first place will help in reducing burden of this often-disabling disease. The CT scan remains as a gold standard in differential diagnosis of stroke and Greek scoring system may be used as a guide in management only when resources are limited and CT scan facilities are not available.
Clinical profile and treatment outcome of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Patil Shivaji V. , Bhagwat Rajendra V. , Mohite Rajsinh V. , Barphe Shailesh S.
Published: February 2017

Background: The burden of Spontaneous Pneumothorax has been recorded as alarming health problem in medical sciences and is adversely influenced by environmental factors. Objectives of the study were to determine the incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax and to assess the clinical profile and outcome of patients of spontaneous pneumothorax admitted in Government tertiary health care centre.Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted in year 2014-15 in the department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra, India. A total of 2142 patients were admitted with chest complaints during study period were enrolled as study subjects, of which 50 were diagnosed as spontaneous pneumothorax and treated as cases under study. The data were elicited by utilizing structured proforma includes clinical and outcome indicators of Spontaneous Pneumothorax. Qualitative information was computed in tabular and graphical form and analyzed into frequency percentage.Results: Incidence rate of Spontaneous Pneumothorax was 2.33% with higher proportion of cases were belonged male gender (78%) as compared to female (22%). Maximum cases were found in age group, 25-34 years with case ratio of 1:4 for Primary to secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax. The most common lung disease in secondary spontaneous pneumothorax observed was tuberculosis. Max. 48% cases showed full expansion of lungs followed by 32% with partial expansion with an intervention of appropriate line of management.Conclusions: Tuberculosis is the common cause for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in India and it should be looked for, in all cases of spontaneous pneumothorax.
Role of high resolution computed tomography in the clinico- radiological study of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases and in disease progression of tuberculosis
Authors: Sharma Sumit , Shrinuvasan S. , Chidambaram R.
Published: February 2017

Background: This study was undertaken to detect and study the various HRCT patterns of DPLD, to assess disease progression of TB, also to evaluate disease prognosis and reversibility by quantification of data and compare it with clinical and functional impairment as evaluated by PFT; and to finally correlate it with a histopathological diagnosis wherever necessary.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, SLIMS from December 2014 to November 2016. Patients of all age groups (3-86 years) presenting with dyspnea at rest/exertion, dry cough and known cases of DPLD were included; known lung anomalies were excluded. Clinical history with relevant lab investigations was followed by computerized radiography and HRCT. The extent of disease on HRCT scans, assessed by the mean attenuation value of the lung, was correlated with the severity of dyspnea and PFT results. HPE was done for diagnostic confirmation.Results: IPF including chronic interstitial pneumonia comprised the most common group of diseases accounting for 28.3% cases followed by TB (25%). ‘Tree in bud’ appearance (71.4%), consolidation (42.8%) and scattered nodules (28.5%) are features of active disease while fibrosis (50%), honeycombing (50%), traction bronchiectasis (37.5%) and calcified granuloma (37.5%) are features of inactive disease. The histogram of the relative frequency of pulmonary attenuation values was depressed and skewed to the right in most cases. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the mean lung density and severity of dyspnea and the extent of functional impairment as measured by the reduction in DLCO. Seven cases of active TB, three of sarcoidosis, three of PSS and two each of ABPA and HP among others were biopsy proven.Conclusions: The present study concludes that HRCT is an invaluable tool in the detection, characterization, diagnosis, and evaluation of disease prognosis and reversibility of DPLDs especially in the study of disease progression of TB, in an appropriate clinical setting; while HPE is the gold standard for confirmation of the diagnosis.
Heat shock protein 60 and chromatin assembly factor-1 mRNA levels in hepatitis C virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma and clinical significance
Authors: Abd El-Salam Fatma M. , El-Sharqawy Entesar H. , El-feky Hala M. , Mohammed Shuzan A. , Edres Ahmed M.
Published: February 2017

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Heat Shock protein 60 (HSP60), a mitochondrial chaperone, is overexpressed in diverse malignant cells. Chromatin Assembly Factor-1 (CAF-1), a histone chaperone, is down-regulated in quiescent non-proliferating human cells. We aimed to clarify the role of HSP60 and CAF-1 mRNA expression in diagnosis of HCC post-HCV infection.Methods: HSP60 and CAF-1 mRNA levels in urine and blood were quantified by Taqman real-time PCR in 49 subjects; 25 cirrhotic with HCV-related HCC, 12 cirrhotic without HCC and 12 healthy controls.Results: HSP60 and CAF-1 mRNA levels in urine and blood were significantly higher in HCC versus cirrhosis and controls, and in cirrhosis versus controls. Their levels in HCC were significantly increased by advancement of HCC BCLC staging system. HSP60 in urine had 85% sensitivity and 66% specificity at cut off 258354 RU and 85% sensitivity and 60 % specificity at cut off 37576 RU in blood for HCC diagnosis. CAF-1 in urine had 81% sensitivity and 66% specificity at cut off 137756 RU and 77% sensitivity and 64% specificity at cut off 49726 RU in blood for HCC diagnosis. HSP60/CAF-1 sensitivity and specificity in urine and blood were better than either marker alone, with better results in urine (91% and 73%, respectively) than blood (88% and 66%, respectively).Conclusions: HSP60 and CAF-1 in urine and blood may be useful HCC diagnostic markers that were correlated with advancement of HCC with better combined marker sensitivity and specificity than either marker alone especially for urine.
Emergence of multi-drug resistant strains among bacterial isolates in burn wound swabs in a tertiary care centre, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Rathod Vimal S. , Kasturi . , Raut Sharmila S.
Published: February 2017

Background: Infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among burn patients. The worldwide emergence of antimicrobial resistance among a wide variety of burn wound pathogens, particularly nosocomial isolates, limits the available therapeutic options for effective treatment of burn wound infections. The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Dr. S.C.G.M.C, Nanded, Maharashtra, India to determine aerobic bacterial isolates from burn wound swabs and describe their antibiogram.Methods: Two wound swabs were taken from 570 patients, cultured aerobically. The isolates were identified by standard microbiological methods and antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined.Results: Among 570 patients, 434 (76.14%) were female and 136 (23.85%) were male. Out of the total swabs collected, 548 (96.14%) were culture positive and 36 (6.56%) were having 2 isolates. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (34.93%) was the commonest isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.77%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.87%), Escherichia coli (13.01%) and Coagulase negative staphylococcus (11.31%). Incidence of MRSA was 59.39% and ESBL producers were 61.46 %. Gram positive isolates were 100% sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid and Gram negative organisms to Imipenem.Conclusions: Routine periodic sampling of burn wounds would facilitate the selection of appropriate empirical therapy and reduce the incidence of multidrug resistant infections among burn patients.
Risk factors in oral carcinoma and the relationship between tumor thickness and regional nodal involvement: a pilot study in a semi urban population in New Delhi, India
Authors: Jetley Sujata , Jairajpuri Zeeba S. , Rizvi Sama
Published: February 2017

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health problem worldwide, with approximately 275,000 cases annually and a strong association with risk factors like smoking. It is a subtype of head & neck cancer involving the oral cavity.  The present study evaluated the role of various risk factors in the development of oral carcinoma among our patient population.Methods: A total of 40 cases of oral carcinoma with radical neck dissection were evaluated. Data on the age, personal history and presenting clinical features were analyzed. The depth of the tumor and the maximum tumor thickness were carefully evaluated. Also, pathological T-stage, the presence/absence of vascular and peri-neural infiltration was evaluated in each case. The presence of nodal metastases and the stage of the tumor was assessed. Data was tabulated and correlation of nodal metastasis with tumor thickness, pathological T-stage, vascular invasion, and peri-neural infiltration was evaluated by appropriate statistical analysis method.Results: A total of 40 cases, 82.5% males and 17.5% females, were all smokers with history of consumption of smoking or smokeless or both. Tongue was the most common site of oral carcinoma (37.5%) involvement, histological characterization of all were Squamous cell carcinoma with majority of the patients in pathological stage II. A significant association between the tumor thickness and metastasis was also seen.  Conclusions: The tumor thickness of oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be an important prognostic indicator for the occurrence of metastases to the regional cervical lymph nodes.
INTRADERMAL ANTIRABIES VACCINATION: A COSTEFFECTIVE METHOD
Authors: Rohi Kiran R.
Published: February 2017

Background: Compliance to post-exposure vaccination is crucial to achieve optimum level of antibody titers. The present study was planned to assess the cost effectiveness of 4 dose intradermal regimen over 5 dose intramuscular regimen. The objective of present study is to reveal cost effectiveness of intradermal regimen over intramuscular PEP regimenMethods: Hospital record based study. Patients who attended antirabies clinic from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010 were studied. 2051 patients who were given Inj. PCECV by intradermal route formed the study group. Pearson’s Chi square test was used as a test of significance.Results: 2051 patients were studied.1741 (84.9%) patients were male.1907 (92.9%) were dog bites. 1277(62.3%) were stray dog bites. 1516 (58.0%) were class III dog bites.1313 (68.2%) were non-observable dog bites.1711 (88.7%) were provoked dog bites. Most common site of dog bite was over the lower limb i.e.1350 (70.2%).1255 (65.3%) patients completed the 4 dose regimen. This is in stark contrast to previous evidence from our centre in which a compliance of 40.2% to the intramuscular regimen was evident. (Pearson X2 = 180.94, df= 1, p< 0.0001). Cost effectiveness favored intradermal regimen over intramuscular regimen.Conclusions: It was observed intradermal regimen had more cost effectiveness compared to intramuscular regimen.
Thyroid profile in depression: a cross-sectional study from North-East India
Authors: Hazarika Jyoti , Kalita Kamal N. , Sharma Mohan , Saikia Shilpi , Patangia Priyanka , Hazarika Pranabjyoti , Sarmah Anil C.
Published: February 2017

Background: Thyroid function disorder is a common feature in depression, with mixed type of response. Some cases are associated with hyperthyroidism and most commonly hypothyroidism. Unipolar and bipolar depressions are also related differently in consideration to thyroid status. This study comprises of assessment of the thyroid disorder prevalence in depressive patients and comparative analysis among unipolar and bipolar groups.Methods: Study consisted of 161 unipolar and 160 bipolar cases of depression as diagnosed by ICD 10 criteria supported by MINI. Thyroid profiling was done against common thyroid hormones TSH, T3, T4 and FT4 by standard method.Results: Gender wise males were dominant with majority in bipolar group in the younger age group. Most of the cases were normal with few hyperthyroid and hypothyroid cases. Bipolar group comprised the majority of overt hyperthyroid, overt hypothyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid cases, whereas unipolars were more in the subclinical hypothyroid category.Conclusions: This study concludes that differences exist in the thyroid response among the unipolar and bipolar depression group, more prominent numbers of hypothyroidism in unipolar group.
Chronic idiopathic urticaria and autoimmunity: frequency and association in patients with positive versus negative autologous serum skin test
Authors: Jindal Rashmi , Roy Samarjit , Nagrani Prateek
Published: February 2017

Background: Chronic idiopathic urticaria is a subset of urticaria where no known trigger is identifiable. Almost half of these patients have an autoimmune basis of their disease. Autologous serum skin test (ASST) is an easy to perform test to identify this subgroup. However, frequency and association of positive ASST with other markers of autoimmunity remains to be studied. The present study was aimed to find out the same.Methods: Chronic idiopathic urticaria patients were divided into two groups on the basis of ASST. These were further compared for their clinical characteristics including age, gender, duration of disease and urticaria activity score. Also investigation profile including serum IgE levels, anti TPO antibodies, antiTSH and antinuclear antibodies were compared.Results: There were no statistical differences in the age, gender, duration of disease and urticaria activity score in the ASST positive and negative patients. Serum IgE levels though lower in ASST positive group were not statistically different. Frequencies of AntiTPo antibodies, antiTSH and antinuclear antibodies were also comparable in the two groups.Conclusions: ASST positive and negative groups can’t be distinguished clinically. Also autoimmunity was found to be associated with both ASST positive and negative groups.
Non responding Ludwig’s angina due to starvation and PEM: review of literature and a case report
Authors: Shakeel Mohammad , Gupta Rajeev Krishna
Published: February 2017

Relationship between starvation and immunosuppression was initially suggested on the basis of increased rate of infectious disease during famine. Latter on this was confirmed by thorough studies of immune response in starved and malnourished patients. There are numerous defense mechanisms to protect human host from infection. Starvation leads to immunosuppression due to its damaging effects over these defense mechanisms, thereby increasing chance of opportunistic infections e.g. Ludwig’s angina. Not only this, it also alters the natural course and drug response of disease. Ludwig’s angina is infection of submandibular space which lies between mucous membrane of floor of mouth on one side and superficial layer of deep cervical fascia on other.  It is surgical emergency that is potentially life threatening unless early recognized and aggressively treated. Although most reported cases follow an odontogenic infection, it can occur in persons with no co-morbid disease and individuals with starvation and protein energy malnutrition also are at increased risk of developing it due to immunosuppression. Here we report a case of female who was starved for 14 days as she fell in well and presented with Ludwig’s angina, resistant to standard treatment protocol. The aim of this paper was to review literature supporting relationship between starvation and immunosuppression and present a case of starved female presenting with Ludwig’s angina resistant to treatment. We emphasize about the proper history tacking after counselling in cases resistant to treatment. It is important to assess the nutritional status of the patient in every case of Ludwig’s angina. This is important because Ludwig’s angina associated with other etiologies also develop restricted mouth opening thereby decreasing oral intake which further leads to nutritional deficiency and PEM.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MISKIN DI YAYASAN PERJUANGAN WAHIDIYAH
Authors: Muslim Azis
Published: February 2017

Poverty is a miserable condition. Efforts to reduce poverty have been done by the government, but the results are not satisfied. Therefore, we need the involvement of other parties, such as religious institutions. This study aims to assess the involvement of Wahidiyah Struggle Foundation in tackling the problem of poverty through economic empowerment. The study focuses on the concept, implementation, and results of economic empowerment. Research uses qualitative method and collect data through observation, indepth interview, and documentation. Research found that Wahidiyah builds micro finance organizations as a central concept in economic empowerment. Their function is not only to increase financial capital, but also create solidarity among members. Strong solidarity among members was utilized to assist strengthening economic empowerment among themselves. This increase Wahidiyah member’s income significantly.
EMPOWERING STUDENTS OF INTERNATIONAL CLASS PROGRAMIAIN SALATIGA IN THE PRODUCTION OF PRAYING TUTORIAL VIDEO
Authors: Erlangga Rifqi Aulia , Saleh Mursid , Rukmini Dwi , Sofwan Ahmad
Published: February 2017

This research is to develop one method of learning that is a video containing tutorial about praying procedures in English. The video is designed to facilitate students to understand the praying procedures as well as practice their competence in English, especially listening and speaking. Some experts and the users validated the effectiveness of the research. Those who validated are people who have competence in praying procedures, English and multimedia. Therefore, there must be three experts in this research. The users are given some questionnaires asking their opinions about the video. The sample of the research was taken from college students majoring in Communication and Islam Broadcasting in IAIN Salatiga. There were 35 students in one class. Video of praying tutorial produced through this research get goodresponses from students. They feel that by watching the video and see the audio and visual movements of the prayer contained in the video can make them able to remember more clearly how to do praying, especially for praying that is not done everyday.
KOMPARASI PENGARUH RELATIONSHIP MARKETING DENGAN PENGARUH MEDIASI KEPUASAN DALAM MEMBANGUN LOYALITAS PASIEN RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Dimyati Mohamad
Published: February 2017

This study are aimed to examine the effect of Relationship marketing to patient satisfaction, relationship marketing to the loyalty of the patient, patient satisfaction to loyalty patient, and to compare the influence of relationship marketing with mediating influence of patient satisfaction in creating patient loyalty on Banyuwangi Islamic Hospital. The research instrument to collect the data is using a questionnaire. The population is outpatient and inpatient of Banywangi Islamic hospital (RSI) (Fatimah, Al-Huda, Nahdatul Ulama). The research sample is determined by multistage sampling method. The numbers of samples are 120 respondents. The method of analysis is using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result shows that relationship marketing has a significant positive effect on patient satisfaction, relationship marketing has a significant positive effect on patient loyalty, satisfaction of patients has a significant positive effect on patient loyalty and also relationship marketing has a greater influence than the influence of mediation satisfaction in influencing the creation of loyalty to Banyuwangi Islamic Hospital patients.
PLANEJAMENTO E ORDENAMENTO TERRITORIAL DO ESTADO DE RORAIMA: UTOPIA OU REALIDADE?
Authors: Ignácio Rozane , Vicente da Silva Edson , Morato de Carvalho Thiago , Rosa da Silva Carmem Lucia
Published: February 2017

Este estudo enfoca a importância de se realizar o zoneamento ecológico econômico para o desenvolvimento sustentável e seu embasamento na legislação brasileira, abordando conceitos de gestão territorial. Foram abordados marcos da legislação federal, relacionados à preservação e conservação do meio ambiente, e da implementação de políticas voltadas ao planejamento e ordenamento territorial. Apos o ser abordado um panorama geral para o Brasil,  apresentamos a situação em que se encontra o zoneamento ecológico econômico do Estado de Roraima, através de um levantamento de registros na impressa local e de estudos já realizados pelos órgãos públicos.
Palavras-chaves: Legislação; Políticas de gestão territorial; Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico; Brasil, Roraima.
La titularidad pública de la praeda bellica durante la República romana
Authors: Piquer-Marí José Miguel
Published: February 2017

En el contexto de los estudios de derecho público y, en particular, del patrimonio del Estado, el presente artículo examina la formación de construcciones acerca de los bienes públicos, en especial, acerca de la praeda bellica como bien que pertenece al pueblo romano durante la época de la República. Se trata de un estudio de la institución y de su titularidad, a través del cual se busca ahondar en la comprensión de las relaciones jurídico-patrimoniales que determinan la existencia de esta rama del derecho.
Design of Urban Building Complex with Space Function Traffic Organization as the Core
Authors: Lv Fengqi
Published: February 2017

City building complex urban society with the continuous development of economy, culture and gradually developed, and gradually become an important part of the city, its only function effectively reorganized the space, and the completion of the complex and the combination of urban functions, played beyond the integration of excitation functions. In this paper, Understanding urban complex design features function and points to note from the three aspects of space, function and traffic organization.
The Study on Structural Design of Buildings on the Slope
Authors: Wu Shuai , Tan Fang
Published: February 2017

The current code for structures mainly focuses on the flat ground buildings, neglecting the particularity of the structure on the slope due to the lack of targeted control indicators and guidance. Several problems that require special considerations in design and some reference solutions were proposed from three aspects, including seismic design, foundation design and supporting structure design.
Brief Analysis on the Construction Site Safety Management Situation and Countermeasure
Authors: Wang Yongjun
Published: February 2017

The construction industry is a high-risk, the industry frequent accidents, and in the production process, there are many uncontrollable influence factors. In recent years， the safety management in the construction industry is gradually maturing and perfect， but the construction field casualties multiple situations has not fundamentally reversed, this article focuses on the causes and countermeasures of construction casualties explore.
Study of the Optimization of Structural Designs in Residential Buildings
Authors: Wei Jianyu
Published: February 2017

The building structural design which has met both functional and quality assurances could no longer meet the demands of human life and spirit, especially with the continuous improvement in living standards and increasing in public needs. Therefore, there is necessary to optimize the design of building structures. This study will give a brief introduction to the optimization theory of structural design, present some optimization measures and theoretical reference for future structural design optimization.
Discussion on Energy-Saving Design Measures of HVAC
Authors: Hou Lianjian
Published: February 2017

With continual increase of people's living quality requirements, the demand for buildings with HVAC systems is growing. As energy shortage intensifies today, EEBs (Energy-efficient Buildings) are becoming the main trend of future developments in the construction industry. Therefore, further improving HVAC energy-saving measures is a particularly important task and is the key issue being examined by current HVAC designers. This study starts with analyzing existing problems in energy-saving design of HVAC, and proposes some views and recommendations for HVAC energy-saving design method, as well as reasonable choices of parameters for HVAC systems such as energy-saving design of cooling and heating ventilation, energy-saving design of hot and cold water systems, and optimum heat recovery design of HVAC systems, in order to reduce buildings’ energy consumption and to improve energy efficiency for energy-saving purposes. 
The Relationship between High-Rise Building and Urban Environment
Authors: Shi Shujun
Published: February 2017

High-rise buildings have become an inevitable trend in future building development. Since today’s building theories and technologies have not fully matured, we should perform a comprehensive analysis by combining urban environmental conditions in order to promote sustainable development of high-rise buildings. This study will discuss development prospects and problems of high-rise buildings via the relationship between urban environment and high-rise buildings, in order to form a more comprehensive and mature understanding of future development direction and the focus of high-rise building, and to propose appropriate countermeasures to the negative impacts of high-rise buildings on the development of urban environment.
Analysis on Application of Traditional Architectural Elements in Modern Architectural Design
Authors: Tong Lihong , Zhu Xueliang
Published: February 2017

In modern architectural design, the scientific use and development of Chinese traditional architectural elements is an issue studied in-depth by every building designer. Exploration is made from the application of humanity concept in traditional Chinese architectural culture. The traditional architectural space design applications, the use of traditional architecture symbols, traditional architectural elements applications and other aspects, have important significance to implant traditional Chinese architectural elements into the development of modern architecture.
Application of Green Building Ideas in Design
Authors: Xiaozong Yu
Published: February 2017

With the deterioration in living environment and development in spiritual civilization, green building has been promoted and applied. Facing with the gradually increasing quality of life, public have made many demands on the living environment and indoor environment has been paid more and more attention. In order to better promote the green building concept, in addition to do in-depth research on ecological technology, considerations from many areas such as environment, demand, energy saving, and etc. have to be taken, so as to better achieve the green building design. In this paper, based on an overview of green building design, analysis of the application of green building ideas in design has been done, hoping to provide some references to relevant staff.
Alliance Member Selection for Multi-Enterprises Project--Based on the Collaborative Network Information
Authors: Bingtao Du , Yongbo Yuan
Published: February 2017

The enterprises alliance is an effective combination for the larger project development. Type of enterprises to be selected as alliance is the key to achieve more powerful effect. The multi-index decision making method based on the collaboration network information is used to choose the potential partners of the enterprises development alliance. The priority rating for the partners was made. The linguistic variables were conducted using the triangular fuzzy numbers. The individual partner information and cooperative information were dealt with comprehensively to choose the optimal alliance members.