Primary Osteoporosis Management by the Marche Region Health Care System
Authors: David Letizia , Ceravolo Maria Gabriella , Mengoni Alessandro 
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis is an illness that affects the skeleton and is characterized by progressive loss of bone mass as well asby micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue of the same. This condition exposes the person to fracture risk, aparticularly feared event not only in terms of individual health but even in terms of economic burden. The fractures,in fact, are accompanied by autonomy loss, institutionalization risk, comorbidity and mortality. On an economic level,the reduction of the same absorbs many more resources than anti-osteoporosis drug therapies even in the event thatall patients are reached with ascertained osteoporosis and with 100% adherence to medication. In the elderly, in addition to incurring in loss of bone density risk there is an increase of fall risk. Both of these factors add up causing anincrease of fracture risk. Due to the demographic increase and life expectancy, osteoporosis and fracturing events willtend to increase, causing an increase in costs. Today, the data collected in Italy regarding osteoporosis prevalenceand fragility fractures incidences are not entirely exhaustive. Concerning fractures, data is reliably collected usingthe “Diagnosis Related Group Classification” and refers to those of the femur.Detect and describe the pathway that the patient with primary osteoporosis follows in the Marche Region.Through the regional Single Booking Center (CUP) and the websites of the Italian League of Osteoporosis (LIOS)and the Italian Society of Osteoporosis, Mineral Metabolism and Skeleton Diseases (SIOMMMS), eleven serviceshave been identified, belonging to the four health care companies of the Marche Region (Asur, Inrca-Irccs, AO Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona), which can be contacted for an osteoporosis checkup. Aquestionnaire was therefore prepared based on the recommendations contained in the SIOMMMS (2012), SIMFERand SIGN (2015) guidelines and sent to the above-mentioned services. The questionnaires are seven, duly completedand used for processing data.In the Marche Region, the medical specialties that deal with osteoporosis are various, demonstrating the fact that thisis a “border illness”. Concerning the interception of the patient, his sending to a specialized service, the diagnosticapproach and the use of risk-scoring tools, there is a substantial homogeneity throughout the regional territory. Thepatient is sent to the specialized center by the general practitioner (GP) or other specialist, based on the presence ofrisk factors for osteoporosis alone or on the basis of their presence in association with BMD measurement (body massdensity measurement) already known. For the purposes of diagnosis, the investigations required are the dual-energyx-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the blood test while the use of risk-scoring tools are mainly dictated by the need todefine the threshold of pharmacological intervention and give the patient perception of its own fracture risk. The mostused algorithm is DeFRA. During the evaluation of the patient, all services detect pain and fall risk.The approach to osteoporosis and fall risk is purely pharmacological. From a non-pharmacological point of view,attention is paid in informing the patient about the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis and falls. Only some services carry out interventions aimed at promoting adherence to treatment, resorting to different actions. In conclusion,the main critical issues relating to taking care of a fracture risk patient are: accessibility to information, early andexhaustive interception of the population at risk, detection of the fracture risk in relation to bone demineralizationand fall risk, adherence to therapy