bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acral vasculitis and Chilblain-like lesions: is it COVID-19 infection?
Authors: Chhiti Sokaina , Baybay Hanane , Hashas Fatima Zahra , Elloudi Sara , Douhi Zakia , Mernissi Fatima Zahra
Published: May 2021

The cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 are increasingly reported, their exact incidence remains to be estimated, their pathophysiological mechanisms are largely unknown and the role, direct or indirect, of SARS-CoV-2 in their pathogenesis is still debated. We present a case of COVID-19 that manifested with a purpuric vasculitis pattern on the lower extremities and chilblain-like lesion in toe in a patient presented COVID-19 lungs involvement with polymerase chain reaction and serology are negatives. The reported presenting dermatological symptoms: associated chilblain-like lesions and vasculitis pattern of patient with negative COVID-19 RT-PCR and serology. The polymorphism of cutaneous lesions associated with the COVID-19 infection can mimic or appear similar to other well-known conditions. Even though, RT- PCR and serology are negatives, an infection of SARS-CoV-2 should be considerate.
Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital
Authors: Daud Azlina , Mohamad Fatimah
Published: May 2021

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis. Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewasa
Generalized Inverses
Authors: Djordjevic Dragan S.
Published: May 2021

In this survey paper we present some aspects of generalized inverses, which are related to inner and outer invertibility, Moore-Penrose inverse, the appropriate reverse order law, and Drazin inverse.
Extremals and Isoperimetric Extremals of the Rotations in the Plane
Authors: Krizek Jan , Mikes Josef , Peska Patrik , Ryparova Lenka
Published: May 2021

In the paper we study the extremals and isoperimetric extremals of the rotations in the plane. We found that extremals of the rotations in the plane are arbitrary curves. By studying the Euler-Poisson equations for extended variational problems, we found that the isoperimetric extremals of the rotations in the Euclidian plane are straight lines.
Algebra of Superalgebraic Spinors as Algebra of Second Quantization of Fermions
Authors: Monakhov Vadim , Kozhedub Alexey
Published: May 2021

We developed the theory of superalgebraic spinors, which is based on the use of Grassmann densities and derivatives with respect to them in a pseudo-continuous space of momenta. The algebra that they form corresponds to the algebra of second quantization of fermions. We have constructed a vacuum state vector and have shown that it is symmetric with respect to $P$, $CT$ and $CPT$ transformations. Operators $C$ and $T$ transforms the vacuum into an alternative one. Therefore, time inversion $T$ and charge conjugation $C$ cannot be exact symmetries of the spinors.
An Integral Formula for a Riemannian Manifold with $k>2$ Singular Distributions
Authors: Rovenski Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Mathematicians have shown interest in manifolds endowed with several distributions, e.g., webs composed of different regular foliations and multiply warped products, as well as distributions having variable dimensions (e.g., singular Riemannian foliations). In this paper, we extend our previous study of the mixed scalar curvature of two orthogonal singular distributions for the case of $k>2$ singular (or regular) pairwise orthogonal distributions, prove an integral formula with this kind of curvature, and illustrate it by characterizing autoparallel singular distributions.
Multicomponent Nonlinear Evolution Equations of the Heisenberg Ferromagnet Type: Local Versus Nonlocal Reductions
Authors: Valchev Tihomir
Published: May 2021

This work is dedicated to systems of matrix nonlinear evolution equations related to Hermitian symmetric spaces of the type $\mathbf{A.III}$. The systems under consideration generalize the $1+1$ dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet equation in the sense that their Lax pairs are linear bundles in pole gauge like for the original Heisenberg model. Here we present certain local and nonlocal reductions. A local integrable deformation and some of its reductions are discussed as well.
The organizational principles of de-differentiated topographic maps in somatosensory cortex
Authors: Liu Peng , Chrysidou Anastasia , Doehler Juliane , Hebart Martin N , Wolbers Thomas , Kuehn Esther
Published: May 2021

Topographic maps are a fundamental feature of cortex architecture in the mammalian brain. One common theory is that the de-differentiation of topographic maps links to impairments in everyday behavior due to less precise functional map readouts. Here, we tested this theory by characterizing de-differentiated topographic maps in primary somatosensory cortex (SI) of younger and older adults by means of ultra-high resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging together with perceptual finger individuation and hand motor performance. Older adults’ SI maps showed similar amplitude and size to younger adults’ maps, but presented with less representational similarity between distant fingers. Larger population receptive field sizes in older adults’ maps did not correlate with behavior, whereas reduced cortical distances between D2 and D3 related to worse finger individuation but better motor performance. Our data uncover the drawbacks of a simple de-differentiation model of topographic map function, and motivate the introduction of feature-based models of cortical reorganization.
HSPCs display within-family homogeneity in differentiation and proliferation despite population heterogeneity
Authors: Tak Tamar , Prevedello Giulio , Simon Gaël , Paillon Noémie , Benlabiod Camélia , Marty Caroline , Plo Isabelle , Duffy Ken R , Perié Leïla
Published: May 2021

High-throughput single-cell methods have uncovered substantial heterogeneity in the pool of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but how much instruction is inherited by offspring from their heterogeneous ancestors remains unanswered. Using a method that enables simultaneous determination of common ancestor, division number, and differentiation status of a large collection of single cells, our data revealed that murine cells that derived from a common ancestor had significant similarities in their division progression and differentiation outcomes. Although each family diversifies, the overall collection of cell types observed is composed of homogeneous families. Heterogeneity between families could be explained, in part, by differences in ancestral expression of cell surface markers. Our analyses demonstrate that fate decisions of cells are largely inherited from ancestor cells, indicating the importance of common ancestor effects. These results may have ramifications for bone marrow transplantation and leukemia, where substantial heterogeneity in HSPC behavior is observed.
ß-arrestin 2 germline knockout does not attenuate opioid respiratory depression
Authors: Bachmutsky Iris , Wei Xin Paul , Durand Adelae , Yackle Kevin
Published: May 2021

Opioids are perhaps the most effective analgesics in medicine. However, between 1999 and 2018, over 400,000 people in the United States died from opioid overdose. Excessive opioids make breathing lethally slow and shallow, a side-effect called opioid-induced respiratory depression. This doubled-edged sword has sparked the desire to develop novel therapeutics that provide opioid-like analgesia without depressing breathing. One such approach has been the design of so-called ‘biased agonists’ that signal through some, but not all pathways downstream of the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), the target of morphine and other opioid analgesics. This rationale stems from a study suggesting that MOR-induced ß-arrestin 2 dependent signaling is responsible for opioid respiratory depression, whereas adenylyl cyclase inhibition produces analgesia. To verify this important result that motivated the ‘biased agonist’ approach, we re-examined breathing in ß-arrestin 2-deficient mice and instead find no connection between ß-arrestin 2 and opioid respiratory depression. This result suggests that any attenuated effect of ‘biased agonists’ on breathing is through an as-yet defined mechanism.
Local circuit allowing hypothalamic control of hippocampal area CA2 activity and consequences for CA1
Authors: Robert Vincent , Therreau Ludivine , Chevaleyre Vivien , Lepicard Eude , Viollet Cécile , Cognet Julie , Huang Arthur JY , Boehringer Roman , Polygalov Denis , McHugh Thomas J , Piskorowski Rebecca Ann
Published: May 2021

The hippocampus is critical for memory formation. The hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) sends long-range projections to hippocampal area CA2. While the SuM-CA2 connection is critical for social memory, how this input acts on the local circuit is unknown. Using transgenic mice, we found that SuM axon stimulation elicited mixed excitatory and inhibitory responses in area CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs). Parvalbumin-expressing basket cells were largely responsible for the feedforward inhibitory drive of SuM over area CA2. Inhibition recruited by the SuM input onto CA2 PNs increased the precision of action potential firing both in conditions of low and high cholinergic tone. Furthermore, SuM stimulation in area CA2 modulated CA1 activity, indicating that synchronized CA2 output drives a pulsed inhibition in area CA1. Hence, the network revealed here lays basis for understanding how SuM activity directly acts on the local hippocampal circuit to allow social memory encoding.
Integrated sensing of host stresses by inhibition of a cytoplasmic two-component system controls M. tuberculosis acute lung infection
Authors: Buglino John A , Sankhe Gaurav D , Lazar Nathaniel , Bean James M , Glickman Michael S
Published: May 2021

Bacterial pathogens that infect phagocytic cells must deploy mechanisms that sense and neutralize host microbicidal effectors. For Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, these mechanisms allow the bacterium to rapidly adapt from aerosol transmission to initial growth in the lung alveolar macrophage. Here, we identify a branched signaling circuit in M. tuberculosis that controls growth in the lung through integrated direct sensing of copper ions and nitric oxide by coupled activity of the Rip1 intramembrane protease and the PdtaS/R two-component system. This circuit uses a two-signal mechanism to inactivate the PdtaS/PdtaR two-component system, which constitutively represses virulence gene expression. Cu and NO inhibit the PdtaS sensor kinase through a dicysteine motif in the N-terminal GAF domain. The NO arm of the pathway is further controlled by sequestration of the PdtaR RNA binding response regulator by an NO-induced small RNA, controlled by the Rip1 intramembrane protease. This coupled Rip1/PdtaS/PdtaR circuit controls NO resistance and acute lung infection in mice by relieving PdtaS/R-mediated repression of isonitrile chalkophore biosynthesis. These studies identify an integrated mechanism by which M. tuberculosis senses and resists macrophage chemical effectors to achieve pathogenesis
Random sub-diffusion and capture of genes by the nuclear pore reduces dynamics and coordinates inter-chromosomal movement
Authors: Sumner Michael Chas , Torrisi Steven B , Brickner Donna G , Brickner Jason H
Published: May 2021

Hundreds of genes interact with the yeast nuclear pore complex (NPC), localizing at the nuclear periphery and clustering with co-regulated genes. Dynamic tracking of peripheral genes shows that they cycle on and off the NPC and that interaction with the NPC slows their sub-diffusive movement. Furthermore, NPC-dependent inter-chromosomal clustering leads to coordinated movement of pairs of loci separated by hundreds of nanometers. We developed fractional Brownian motion simulations for chromosomal loci in the nucleoplasm and interacting with NPCs. These simulations predict the rate and nature of random sub-diffusion during repositioning from nucleoplasm to periphery and match measurements from two different experimental models, arguing that recruitment to the nuclear periphery is due to random sub-diffusion and transient capture by NPCs. Finally, the simulations do not lead to inter-chromosomal clustering or coordinated movement, suggesting that interaction with the NPC is necessary, but not sufficient, to cause clustering.
Modeling the impact of racial and ethnic disparities on COVID-19 epidemic dynamics
Authors: Ma Kevin C , Menkir Tigist F , Kissler Stephen , Grad Yonatan H , Lipsitch Marc
Published: May 2021

Background:

The impact of variable infection risk by race and ethnicity on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spread is largely unknown.

Methods:

Here, we fit structured compartmental models to seroprevalence data from New York State and analyze how herd immunity thresholds (HITs), final sizes, and epidemic risk change across groups.

Results:

A simple model where interactions occur proportionally to contact rates reduced the HIT, but more realistic models of preferential mixing within groups increased the threshold toward the value observed in homogeneous populations. Across all models, the burden of infection fell disproportionately on minority populations: in a model fit to Long Island serosurvey and census data, 81% of Hispanics or Latinos were infected when the HIT was reached compared to 34% of non-Hispanic whites.

Conclusions:

Our findings, which are meant to be illustrative and not best estimates, demonstrate how racial and ethnic disparities can impact epidemic trajectories and result in unequal distributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Funding:

K.C.M. was supported by National Science Foundation GRFP grant DGE1745303. Y.H.G. and M.L. were funded by the Morris-Singer Foundation. M.L. was supported by SeroNet cooperative agreement U01 CA261277.
PHAROH lncRNA regulates Myc translation in hepatocellular carcinoma via sequestering TIAR
Authors: Yu Allen T , Berasain Carmen , Bhatia Sonam , Rivera Keith , Liu Bodu , Rigo Frank , Pappin Darryl J , Spector David L
Published: May 2021

Hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common type of liver malignancy, is one of the most lethal forms of cancer. We identified a long non-coding RNA, Gm19705, that is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and mouse embryonic stem cells. We named this RNA Pluripotency and Hepatocyte Associated RNA Overexpressed in HCC, or PHAROH. Depletion of PHAROH impacts cell proliferation and migration, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of PHAROH. RNA-seq analysis of PHAROH knockouts revealed that a large number of genes with decreased expression contain a Myc motif in their promoter. MYC is decreased in knockout cells at the protein level, but not the mRNA level. RNA-antisense pulldown identified nucleolysin TIAR, a translational repressor, to bind to a 71-nt hairpin within PHAROH, sequestration of which increases MYC translation. In summary, our data suggest that PHAROH regulates MYC translation by sequestering TIAR and as such represents a potentially exciting diagnostic or therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Report of the NAMMCO-ICES Workshop on Seal Modelling (WKSEALS 2020)
Authors: Smout Sophie , Murray Kimberly , Aarts Geert , Biuw Martin , Brasseur Sophie , Buren Alejandro , Empacher Fanny , Frie Anne Kirstine , Grecian James , Hammill Mike , Mikkelsen Bjarni , Mosnier Arnaud , Rosing-Asvid Aqqalu , Russell Debbie , Skaug Hans , Stenson Garry , Thomas Len , Ver Hoef Jay , Witting Lars , Zabavnikov Vladimir , Øigård Tor Arne , Fernandez Ruth , Wickson Fern
Published: May 2021

To support sustainable management of apex predator populations, it is important to estimate population size and understand the drivers of population trends to anticipate the consequences of human decisions. Robust population models are needed, which must be based on realistic biological principles and validated with the best available data. A team of international experts reviewed age-structured models of North Atlantic pinniped populations, including Grey seal (Halichoerus grypus), Harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), and Hooded seal (Cystophora cristata). Statistical methods used to fit such models to data were compared and contrasted. Differences in biological assumptions and model equations were driven by the data available from separate studies, including observation methodology and pre-processing. Counts of pups during the breeding season were used in all models, with additional counts of adults and juveniles available in some. The regularity and frequency of data collection, including survey counts and vital rate estimates, varied. Important differences between the models concerned the nature and causes of variation in vital rates (age-dependent survival and fecundity). Parameterisation of age at maturity was detailed and time-dependent in some models and simplified in others. Methods for estimation of model parameters were reviewed and compared. They included Bayesian and maximum likelihood (ML) approaches, implemented via bespoke coding in C, C++, TMB or JAGS. Comparative model runs suggested that as expected, ML-based implementations were rapid and computationally efficient, while Bayesian approaches, which used MCMC or sequential importance sampling, required longer for inference. For grey seal populations in the Netherlands, where preliminary ML-based TMB results were compared with the outputs of a Bayesian JAGS implementation, some differences in parameter estimates were apparent. For these seal populations, further investigations are recommended to explore differences that might result from the modelling framework and model-fitting methodology, and their importance for inference and management advice. The group recommended building on the success of this workshop via continued collaboration with ICES and NAMMCO assessment groups, as well as other experts in the marine mammal modelling community. Specifically, for Northeast Atlantic harp and hooded seal populations, the workshop represents the initial step towards a full ICES benchmark process aimed at revising and evaluating new assessment models.
Manifestations of social resistance in craft processes
Authors: Castelblanco Pérez Stefanía
Published: May 2021

This paper aims to analyze craft objects that could contain inherent meanings of social, cultural, ecological or political resistance. The creative processes of makers from the Iku and Nasa indigenous peoples of Colombia and the Sami people of Sweden have been studied. The paper encompasses a theoretical reflection on the communicative capacity of objects and their implicit meanings as well as of the basic concepts of resistance and craft paired with a brief description of the Iku, Nasa and Sami indigenous peoples. An analysis of the manifestations that could be considered as resistance in the studied artisanal processes is brought forward through 11 interviews with artisans and the paper proposes a final reflection on how craft objects can have the capacity to communicate social, cultural, political and ecological resistance.
Exploring craft practice in learning communities
Authors: Møller Trine , Riis Kirstine
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an initial research project to explore what characterizes knowledge production in craft practice situated in an informal/neutral learning arena outside the education institution. The research project is carried out by craft and design researchers from Norway and Denmark. The project participants include students, academics, older generation volunteers with craft experience, freelance designers, and arts and craft persons, as well as researchers. The overall methodology is a case study approach and has references to practice-led research, participatory design research and A/R/Tography. In this paper we present the research design of the project. Along a theoretical framework consisting of research perspectives of each of our institutional traditions, we lastly discuss the challenges in engaging a neutral learning arena, throughout and as preparation for our research project.
Spinning wool on Kihnu Island
Authors: Lind Mathilde Frances
Published: May 2021

Wool crafts are an essential part of cultural heritage and daily life on Kihnu Island in Estonia, and they begin with animal husbandry and wool preparation. People and sheep cooperatively produce wool, maintain the land through conservation grazing, and facilitate heritage activities while external and internal conditions and forces, like changing economic and demographic factors, provide challenges and friction. An ecological study of wool crafts in context requires attention to creative processes, tools, materials, landscapes, and human and other-than-human animals that are engaged in complex flows of activity and meaning with one another. Both ethnographic encounters and autoethnographic reflections on craft practice provide vital insight into these entanglements.
Satellite imagery and machine learning for identification of aridity risk in central Java Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Sri Yulianto Joko , Hartomo Kristoko Dwi , Paseleng Mila Chrismawati
Published: May 2021

This study aims to develop a software framework for predicting aridity using vegetation indices (VI) from LANDSAT 8 OLI images. VI data are predicted using machine learning (ml): Random Forest (RF) and Correlation and Regression Trees (CART). Comparison of prediction using Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (k-nn) and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Spline (MARS). Prediction results are interpolated using Inverse Distance Weight (IDW). This study was conducted in stages: (1) Image preprocessing; (2) calculating numerical data extracted from the LANDSAT band imagery using vegetation indices; (3) analyzing correlation coefficients between VI; (4) prediction using RF and CART; (5) comparing performances between RF and CART using ANN, SVM, k-nn, and MARS; (6) testing the accuracy of prediction using Mean Square Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE); (7) interpolating with IDW. Correlation coefficient of VI data shows a positive correlation, the lowest r (0.07) and the highest r (0.98). The experiments show that the RF and CART algorithms have efficiency and effectivity in determining the aridity areas better than the ANN, SVM, k-nn, and MARS algorithm. RF has a difference between the predicted results and 1.04% survey data MAPE and the smallest value close to zero is 0.05 MSE. CART has a difference between the predicted results and 1.05% survey data MAPE and the smallest value approaching to zero which is 0.05 MSE. The prediction results of VI show that in 2020 most of the study areas were low vegetation areas with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) < 0.21, had an indication of drought with the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) < 31.10, had a Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) in some areas between 35%–50% (moderate drought) and < 35% (high drought). The Burn Area Index (dBAI) values are between −3, 971 and −2,376 that show the areas have a low fire risk, and index values are between −0, 208 and −0,412 that show the areas are starting vegetation growth. The result of this study shows that the machine learning algorithms is an accurate and stable algorithm in predicting the risks of drought and land fire based on the VI data extracted from the LANDSAT 8 OLL imagery. The VI data contain the record of vegetation condition and its environment, including humidity, temperatures, and the environmental vegetation health.
Comparative analysis of scheduling algorithms for radio resource allocation in future communication networks
Authors: Ashfaq Khuram , Safdar Ghazanfar Ali , Ur-Rehman Masood
Published: May 2021

Background

Wireless links are fast becoming the key communication mode. However, as compared to the wired link, their characteristics make the traffic prone to time- and location-dependent signal attenuation, noise, fading, and interference that result in time varying channel capacities and link error rate. Scheduling algorithms play an important role in wireless links to guarantee quality of service (QoS) parameters such as throughput, delay, jitter, fairness and packet loss rate. The scheduler has vital importance in current as well as future cellular communications since it assigns resource block (RB) to different users for transmission. Scheduling algorithm makes a decision based on the information of link state, number of sessions, reserved rates and status of the session queues. The information required by a scheduler implemented in the base station can easily be collected from the downlink transmission.

Methods

This paper reflects on the importance of schedulers for future wireless communications taking LTE-A networks as a case study. It compares the performance of four well-known scheduling algorithms including round robin (RR), best channel quality indicator (BCQI), proportional fair (PF), and fractional frequency reuse (FFR). The performance of these four algorithms is evaluated in terms of throughput, fairness index, spectral efficiency and overall effectiveness. System level simulations have been performed using a MATLAB based LTE-A Vienna downlink simulator.

Results

The results show that the FFR scheduler is the best performer among the four tested algorithms. It also exhibits flexibility and adaptability for radio resource assignment.
Description of three new species of Geometridae (Lepidoptera) using species delimitation in an integrative taxonomy approach for a cryptic species complex
Authors: Moraes Simeão S. , Montebello Ygor , Stanton Mariana A. , Yamaguchi Lydia Fumiko , Kato Massuo J. , Freitas André V.L.
Published: May 2021

The genus Eois Hübner (Geometridae: Larentiinae) comprises 254 valid species, 217 of which were described from the Neotropics and 31 of those having their type locality in Brazil. Since this species rich genus has never been revised, and may potentially include many cryptic undescribed species, Eois embodies a problematic taxonomic scenario. The actual diversity of Eois is greatly underestimated and the Brazilian fauna is poorly known, both because of inadequate sampling and because of the potential existence of cryptic species "hidden" within some nominal taxa. In this study we investigated the diversity within a cryptic species complexes associated to the E. pallidicosta and E. odatis clades. We describe three new species Eois oya Moraes & Montebello sp. nov., Eois ewa Moraes & Stanton sp. nov., and Eois oxum Moraes & Freitas sp. nov., in an integrative taxonomy approach, using morphology, host plant use and species delimitation tools.
Co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers under deficit irrigation improves the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate
Authors: Almutairi Khalid F. , Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Mahdy Ahmed M. , El-Mahrouky Mohamed A.
Published: May 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the individual and interactive effects of various irrigation regimes and fertilizer treatments on the quality of the Wonderful pomegranate cultivar.

Methods

Two field experiments were conducted over two consecutive growing seasons (2018 and 2019) to determine the individual and interactive effects of various organic and mineral fertilizer treatments on the fruit quality of the Wonderful pomegranate under various irrigation conditions. A split-plot experimental design was used, in which the main plots included three levels of irrigation (100%, 80%, and 60% of evapotranspiration) while the subplots included five fertilizer treatments with different co-application ratios of mineral and organic fertilizers.

Results

All tested physicochemical properties of the fruit were significantly affected by the irrigation treatment, with irrigation at 80% of evapotranspiration representing the best strategy for reducing water use and improving fruit quality. Moreover, the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit quality, with 75% mineral + 25% organic fertilizer improving all of the physical and chemical properties of the fruit in both experimental seasons. Irrigation and the co-application of mineral and organic fertilizers also had a significant interaction effect on the physicochemical attributes of fruit, which further increased fruit quality.

Conclusions

The co-application of organic and mineral fertilizers produced better quality pomegranate fruit than mineral fertilizer alone under deficit irrigation conditions. This technique could therefore be applied to improve the fruiting of horticultural trees in arid growing regions.
The effects of the depth of fertilization on losses of nitrogen and phosphorus and soil fertility in the red paddy soil of China
Authors: Hou Kun , Huang Ying , Rong Xiangmin , Peng Jianwei , Tian Chang , Han Yongliang
Published: May 2021

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from agroecosystems are dominant nonpoint pollution. To minimize the losses of N and P, the optimal depth of fertilization was explored using a soil column study with the red paddy soil as the research objects. The losses of N and P were measured under five depths of fertilization (0, 5, 7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm) as well as no fertilization. The results showed that ammonia volatilization was significantly decreased with increasing fertilization depth within 0–10 cm, and there was no significant difference among the 10 cm, 12.5 cm, and no-fertilization treatments. Comparing with surface fertilization (0 cm), N and P losses by runoff could be reduced by 30.7–67.1% and 96.9–98.7% respectively by fertilization at 5–12.5 cm. In addition, deep fertilization (5–12.5 cm) did not increase N and P losses by leaching at the depth of 40 cm. Total N and P contents in the tillage layer of soil were increased by 5.1 to 22.8% and by −1.0 to 7.5%, respectively. Fertilization at 10cm depth has the potential to minimal environmental impact in the red paddy soil of south China, at this depth, NH3 volatilization was reduced by 95.1%, and N and P losses by runoff were reduced by 62.0% and 98.4%, respectively, compared with surface fertilization.
The Maturity of Female Gonads of G2 Transgenic Mutiara Catfish (Clarias sp.)
Authors: Puteri Ayuniar , Buwono Ibnu Dwi , Herman Roffi Grandiosa , Iskandar .
Published: May 2021

The G2 trangsenic Mutiara catfish (Clarias sp.) (MTG) is a Mutiara catfish that is inserted with the CgGH gene (Clarias gariepinus Growth Hormone) through the transgenesis. The effect of transgenesis stimulates gonad growth of G2 transgenic Mutiara catfish (Clarias sp.) faster than non-transgenic fish. Study aimed to analyze the maturity of the gonads and the spawning ability of female G2 transgenic Mutiara catfish (Clarias sp.) to obtain superior broodstock candidates. Experimental method with completely randomized design (pair of parents used as treatment and repeated four times) for spawning was used for this study. Three pairs of parent G2 were crossed semi-artificially as treatment A (female 1 MTG G2 crossed with male 1 MTG G2), B (female 2 MTG G2 crossed with male 2 MTG G2) and C (female 3 MTG G2 crossed with male 3 MTG G2). The results showed that the performance of female G2 transgenic Mutiara catfish (Clarias sp.) (treatment A, B and C) was higher given non-transgenic with an average relative fecundity of 82,438 eggs / kg of broodstock, an average egg diameter of 1.76 mm and an average egg weight 1.75 mg. These indications suggest that GH transgenesis increases gonadal maturity. The gonad maturity profile reached the stage of complete maturity (full ripe) compared to Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (immature gonads). Therefore it is necessary to compare the reproductive performance of G2 transgenic Mutiara catfish (Clarias sp.) with non-transgenic fish (Sangkuriang) as candidates for superior broodstock of catfish.
Morphometric Study of Dhatarwadi River Basin Using RS and GIS Techniques
Authors: Jayswal Priti S. , Gontia Narendra Kumar , Sondarva Ketan N.
Published: May 2021

Aims: Morphometric study of Dhatarwadi river basin.

Place and Duration of Study: This study is a work done for the research work in Ph.D. degree at College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh, Gujarat, India.

Methodology: Morphometric analysis involved determination of linear, aerial and relief aspects of the Dhatarwadi river basin, which was carried out using 30 X 30 m SRTM DEM in ArcGIS 10.5 software using standard formulae.

Results: The obtained results revealed that the Dhatarwadi river basin is 6th order drainage basin. The total number of 1327 streams were identified out of which 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th order streams are counted as 1036, 239, 42, 7, 2 and 1 number, respectively. The mean bifurcation ratio value is 4.31 for the study area which indicates that the geological structures are not distorting the drainage pattern. Stream length ratio varies between 0.14 and 2.14 indicates late youth geomorphic stage. The length of overland flow was found as 0.3084 km which also indicates very less structural disturbance, low runoff conditions and having higher overland flow. The stream frequency of the basin is 1.5448 km-2, indicates that this basin is having high permeable geology, low relief and the almost flat topography. The form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio and compactness coefficient are found as 0.3951, 0.7094, 0.3126 and 1.7882, respectively of the study basin is suggests that the Dhatarwadi river basin shape is elongated. The drainage texture is 7.1426 km-1 which shows that the Dhatarwadi river basin has short duration for peak flow. The relief, relief ratio and relative ratio of the basin are found as 0.438 km, 0.009372 and 0.2352, respectively.

Conclusion: All these parameters indicate that the Dhatarwadi river basin is of flat terrain with small hillocks/inselbergs having low to medium runoff potential.
Preparation of Khoa by Traditional and Mechanical Methods
Authors: Brahmini B. , Mounika E. , Saxena Rachit , Rao Ch. Someswara , Manjula B.
Published: May 2021

Khoa is a rich source of calcium which helps in strengthening of bones and teeth. It is helpful in osteoporosis and abundance of riboflavin in khoa helps to maintain healthy immune system. . The traditional method of khoa making has a number of drawbacks: It has a limited capacity due to batch operation which results in non-uniform product quality and thus not suitable for large volume production, inefficient use of energy and low heat transfer coefficient results in bulky equipment, large spillage losses, it requires more manual labor and sometimes burning of the product occurs which lowers its quality. In the present study a comparison between preparation of khoa by traditional method as well as mechanical method using steam jacketed khoa pan was carried out. Khoa was prepared by traditional method by stirring the raw milk continuously in a pan over a flame until the raw milk was converted into semi solid stage. The drawbacks such as vary in temperature during the experiment because of non-uniform distribution of flame and burn out of milk solids were identified in this method. This leads to burnt flavour and discolouration of khoa. To overcome these drawbacks of traditional method, khoa was made in a steam jacketed khoa pan installed at Dairy and Food Processing Pilot Plant, College of Agricultural Engineeering, Madakasira at a uniform pressure of about 1.5 kg/cm2. In this mechanical method, the khoa was prepared in less time as well as it has good appearance, flavour, texture etc. compared to khoa prepared by traditional method. In traditional method, about 0.242 kg of of khoa was obtained from 0.94 kg of raw milk with addition of 0.0925 kg of sugar while 11.50 kg of khoa was obtained from 40 litres of raw milk with addition of about 4 kg of sugar when khoa was made in steam jacketed khoa pan. In this mechanical method, the khoa was prepared in less time as well as it has good appearance, flavour, texture etc. compared to khoa prepared by traditional method.
The State of the Structure of the Brain Cortex at Different Times of the Postmortal Period after Massive Blood Loss and Blood Loss Complicated by Hemorrhagic Shock
Authors: Eshmamatovich Jumanov Ziyadulla , Indiaminovich Indiaminov Sayit
Published: May 2021

Determine the time of death based on these characteristics.

Aims: The aim of the study was to identify the features of changes in the structure of the cerebral cortex in different periods of the post - mortem period after massive blood loss and blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock, and to determine the age of death based on these data.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine 2020 between.

Methodology: The structures of the cortex from the Brodman sixth field of the large hemispheres of the brain were studied from 73 corpses of individuals who died from massive blood loss (MB) - 61 and blood loss complicated by hemorrhagic shock -12. The study of corpses with MB (group 1) was carried out in the period: 6-8 h (26), 8-10 h (6), 10-12 h (4), 12-14 h (6), 14-16 h ( 12), 16-24 h (5), 24-28 h (2) postmortem period. Research of corpses after hemorrhagic shock (group 2) were carried out after 6-8 hours (3), 12-14 (3), 18-20 (2), 24-28 (4). Histological preparations of the brain were first examined qualitatively, then quantitatively. Quantitative study of structures was carried out by the point method according To G. G. Avtandilov, the digital material was statistically processed by the Student – Fisher method.

Results: Thus, at death from massive blood loss, as the post-mortem period increases, there is an increase in structural changes in cortical neurons,as well as an expansion of  pericellular space. The vascular component of the cerebral cortex is also involved in destructive processes associated with an increase in the postmortem period, and an increase in perivascular spaces is observed.

Conclusion: Comparative analysis of the data obtained showed that in the postmortem period after hemorrhagic shock (group 2), destructive changes in the cerebral cortex appear earlier and are more pronounced than in the case of death from massive blood loss (group 1). Similar expansion of perineuronal and perivascular spaces in the cerebral cortex reflects the persistence of thanatogenesis manifestations in different periods of the post-mortal period after death from massive blood loss and hemorrhagic shock.
Post Stroke Depression: Determination of Risk and Frequency of the Depression in Stroke Patients
Authors: Daidano Jeando Khan , Shahzad Amir , Larik Awais Basheer , Kumar Haresh , Tunio Safdar Ali Parvez , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ahmer Arslan
Published: May 2021

Objective: In this study we will determine risk and frequency of the depression in stroke patients associated with quality of life.

Methodology: Study duration was from January 2020 to December 2020. An observational Cross Sectional Study was conducted on 105 patients. Study conducted in Medical units PUMHS Hospital Nawabshah. After the consent of patient, Detailed history, complete CNS examination CT Scan Brain was done. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15 version Depression was assessed by instrument beck depression inventory.

Results: Age ranged from 48-68 years, 58 males, 48 females, Education of the patient 66 were uneducated, 17 primary pass and 22 middle pass. occupation of the patient 41 were unemployed, 40 were housewife and 24 were self employed. Depression level was 20 patients with borderline depression, 59 with moderate depression and 26 with severe depression.

Conclusion: Post stroke depression is major problem after survival. Proper Treatment of stroke and depression can be prevented from complications and quality of life can be improved. Antidepressant drugs after acute stroke cognitive function can be improved with decreased mortality.
Phyto-pharmacological and Biological Aspects of Vitex negundo Medicinal Plant - A Review
Authors: Neha B. , Jannavi R. , Sukumaran Prabhu
Published: May 2021

Vitex negundo Linn is an important medicinal plant belonging to the Verbenaceae family. Every part of the plant is enriched with therapeutic value; hence the plant plays a pivotal role in traditional medicine systems. The presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds in the various plant parts are responsible for the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties which are being exploited in the treatment of cancer, cardiovascular diseases and so on. The major phytochemical components are Vitexin (8-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), Isovitexin (5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) 6[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl) oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one), Vitedoin and Negundin((7R,8S)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6, 7-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-methoxy-7,8-dihydronaphthalen-2-ol). The scope of Vitex negundo as an adjuvant in modern medicine is huge. Therefore, this review focuses on research conducted till date to evaluate the phytochemical composition, and pharmacological activities of Vitex negundo medicinal plant.
A Survey on Effectiveness of B. K.S. Iyengar Yoga Plan for Cold
Authors: Baghel Parul
Published: May 2021

Cold is generally characterized by initial symptoms of a stuffy nose, sore throat, runny nose, mild fever, headache, mild fever. Infection of cold is a viral infection. The cold lasts for a maximum of two weeks. Cold primarily affects the nose and throat, mainly the upper respiratory tract and throat are affected. The cause of cold is a viral infection, many viruses are responsible for cold. The treatment prescribed by medical practitioners involves analgesic, antihistamine, decongestant, nasal steroids. All medicines show side effects like dizziness, drowsiness, blurred vision. Thus, there is a need to find a treatment for a cold having no therapeutic side effects. Yoga is now a days followed as a way to live a healthy life.  B.K.S Iyengar yoga focuses on precise physical ailment of the body with particular postures. Very few studies on the effectiveness of B.KS Iyengar yoga have been conducted. The current survey focuses on finding the efficacy of performing specific yoga sequences for cold.
Oncogenic KRAS mutations enhance amino acid uptake by colorectal cancer cells via the hippo signaling effector YAP1
Authors: Kandasamy Palanivel , Zlobec Inti , Nydegger Damian T. , Pujol‐Giménez Jonai , Bhardwaj Rajesh , Shirasawa Senji , Tsunoda Toshiyuki , Hediger Matthias A.
Published: May 2021

Oncogenic KRAS mutations develop unique metabolic dependencies on nutrients to support tumor metabolism and cell proliferation. In particular, KRAS mutant cancer cells exploit amino acids (AAs) such as glutamine and leucine, to accelerate energy metabolism, redox balance through glutathione synthesis and macromolecule biosynthesis. However, the identities of the amino acid transporters (AATs) that are prominently upregulated in KRAS mutant cancer cells, and the mechanism regulating their expression have not yet been systematically investigated. Here, we report that the majority of the KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells upregulate selected AATs (SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC38A2/SNAT2, and SLC1A5/ASCT2), which correlates with enhanced uptake of AAs such as glutamine and leucine. Consistently, knockdown of oncogenic KRAS downregulated the expression of AATs, thereby decreasing the levels of amino acids taken up by CRC cells. Moreover, overexpression of mutant KRAS upregulated the expression of AATs (SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC38A2/SNAT2, and SLC1A5/ASCT2) in KRAS wild‐type CRC cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In addition, we show that the YAP1 (Yes‐associated protein 1) transcriptional coactivator accounts for increased expression of AATs and mTOR activation in KRAS mutant CRC cells. Specific knockdown of AATs by shRNAs or pharmacological blockage of AATs effectively inhibited AA uptake, mTOR activation, and cell proliferation. Collectively, we conclude that oncogenic KRAS mutations enhance the expression of AATs via the hippo effector YAP1, leading to mTOR activation and CRC cell proliferation.
The structure of gangliosides hides a code for determining neuronal functions
Authors: Lunghi Giulia , Fazzari Maria , Di Biase Erika , Mauri Laura , Chiricozzi Elena , Sonnino Sandro
Published: May 2021

Gangliosides are particularly abundant in the central nervous system, where they are mainly associated with the synaptic membranes. Their structure underlies a specific role in determining several cell physiological processes of the nervous system. The high number of different gangliosides available in nature suggests that their structure, related to both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic portion of the molecule, defines a code, although not completely understood, that through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds allows the transduction of signals starting at the plasma membranes. In this short review, we describe some structural aspects responsible for the role played by gangliosides in maintaining and determining neuronal functions.