bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of 4,4-Dimethyloxazoline and Pyrrolidine Derivatives from Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Using Sodium Borohydride: Mild and Simple One-Pot Derivatization Procedures for a Gas Chromatographic–Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Fatty Acids
Authors: Santalova Elena A. , Svetashev Vasily I.
Published: October 2022

Procedures for preparing 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) and pyrrolidine derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were modified to provide milder and simpler conditions for the derivatization reactions widely used in the mass spectrometric analysis of fatty acids. DMOX and pyrrolidine derivatives were obtained overnight at room temperature in the presence of sodium borohydride. The proposed method, involving a low-temperature condensation-cyclization of FAME to DMOX, allows for the direct preparation of DMOX derivatives from non-hydroxy, 2- and 3-hydroxy acid methyl esters. The described simple one-pot procedures are “mild” alternatives to existing methods, which require the use of elevated temperatures.
Masking Cuts: A Performative Entanglement
Authors: Spry Tami
Published: October 2022

This essay speaks to the vagaries of performing over zoom in the time of COVID arguing that the various materialities in performance intra-act to form a diffractive performative entanglement. Engaging a diffractive methodology, the cutting of my fascia-mask in performance provides an epistemological opening in ongoing sense making of COVID lived experience, an ontological and ironical reckoning of the three dimensional body flatten into pics, and the coauthorship that perhaps breaths life back into the body on papered stage.
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia: A five-year trend analysis (2016–2020)
Authors: Debash Habtu , Ebrahim Hussen , Bisetegn Habtye
Published: October 2022

Objective:

This study was designed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of cutaneous leishmaniasis among patients attending at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Sekota, Northeast Ethiopia over the last 5 years.

Methods:

A 5-year retrospective study was conducted at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Data were summarized and analysed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26 version software, respectively. To present the data and evaluate the patterns in cutaneous leishmaniasis cases across the 5 years, months, and seasons, descriptive statistics were utilized. In multivariable logistic regression analysis of determinants in relation to cutaneous leishmaniasis positivity, p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Result:

The overall positivity rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis was 31.1% (452 out of 1455) over the last 5 years at Tefera Hailu Memorial Hospital. The result showed a fluctuating yet declining trend in cutaneous leishmaniasis infections. The highest number of cases was registered in 2016, while the lowest was in 2020. Males and the age group of 15–49 years, accounted 78.5% and 79.9% of the patients, respectively, were the hardest hit by cutaneous leishmaniasis in the area. Similarly, the highest number of cases was observed in Dehana district (268). From all registered confirmed cases, 54 (10.7%) were previously treated cases. Moreover, the majority of cases, 423 (93.6%) were localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and most of the lesions were on the face.

Conclusion:

Although the results indicate a fluctuating yet declining trend, the positivity rate of confirmed cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the area remains alarming and indicates a major public health burden. Therefore, efforts are required to reduce the disease burden through continuous monitoring and evaluation of control measures in the study area.
Political and ethical dilemmas in multi-agency participatory research: The role of the buffer zone
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Brunner Richard
Published: October 2022

The ‘buffer zone’ frames the contested space that university researchers must persistently animate and mediate to successfully pursue participatory research with public and third sector partners. This article explores this conceptualisation through a consideration of political and ethical dilemmas in participatory research practice. We contend that participatory researchers must identify, respond to and reflect on everyday and momentous dilemmas by combining technical, relational and political skills. We illustrate this by drawing on extensive collaborative action research conducted with public service partners as part of the What Works Scotland programme (2014–2019). By critically reflecting on university research realities, this article shares insights into complex multi-agency participatory research dilemmas; offers methodological, conceptual, ethical and political evidence to help university researchers navigate such contexts, notably by engaging the buffer zone and finally, considers how universities and research funders should better support participatory research practices.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae COVID-19 Delta Variant Co-Infection Mimicking COVID-19 ARDS
Authors: Crosby James , Semon Sarah , Ganti Subramanya Shyam , Klauber-Choephel Enid , Abraham James
Published: October 2022

The Delta variant of COVID-19 has been associated with severe disease causing a surge in the second half of 2021. Atypical pathogens can be present in those in particular with severe ARDS and can contribute to excess morbidity and mortality. We must maintain a high level of suspicion for these pathogens as this can present an opportunity to dramatically improve the prognosis of a patient with COVID-19 ARDS. However, lend caution to Mycoplasma IgM serology as this can be a false-positive. If suspicion remains high for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, sputum polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for M pneumoniae is the gold standard for diagnosis. We present the case of a 42-year-old female with COVID-19 Delta variant presumed ARDS who had co-infection with M pneumoniae confirmed by endotracheal sputum aspirate PCR with rapidly improving oxygenation and extubation within 4 days of effective antibiotic therapy.
A comparison of iStent combined with phacoemulsification and endocyclophotocoagulation (ICE2) with the PreserFlo MicroShunt and XEN-45 implants
Authors: Qidwai Umair , Jones Lee , Ratnarajan Gokulan
Published: October 2022

Background:

Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS), including minimally invasive bleb surgery (MIBS), is a rapidly evolving area of research and clinical interest in ophthalmology. The growing number of devices has necessitated evaluations to identify subtle differences in outcomes between treatments.

Objectives:

To compare clinical effectiveness and safety outcomes of iStent combined with endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation (ICE2) with bleb forming PreserFlo MicroShunt (PMS) and XEN-45 gel implant in a 24-month retrospective review.

Design:

A retrospective review of patient records.

Methods:

We compared outcomes of 247 patients undergoing one of three glaucoma procedures (ICE2 = 162; PMS = 48; XEN-45 = 37) at a single facility in the United Kingdom. Clinical records were reviewed retrospectively between July 2016 and May 2020. Pairwise comparisons and within group analyses were performed to assess intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected LogMAR visual acuity (BCVA), the Humphrey visual fields and antiglaucoma medication outcomes across the three treatment groups.

Results:

No statistically significantly differences in IOP between the groups at day 7, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months. PMS had statistically significantly change in IOP between baseline and day 7 compared with ICE2 ( p = 0.003). BCVA was statistically significant different at 24 months between the ICE2 compared with PMS group (0.12 versus 0.33 LogMAR; p = 0.002). PMS group achieved the largest decline in medication usage between baseline a 24-month follow-up (2.9 versus 0.9; p < 0.001), with no statistically significant difference in the number of antiglaucoma medications being used between groups at 24 months. Postoperative complications in all three groups were transient and could be resolved with office-based interventions.

Conclusion:

Real-world outcomes after 24 months were similar between patients undergoing MIGS and MIBS procedures.
Insurance Status Influences Mandible Fracture Management and Outcomes: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis of 268 809 Admissions
Authors: Rivera Perla Krissia M. , Lopez Christopher D. , Zeyl Victoria G. , Lake Isabel V. , Girard Alisa O. , Puthumana Joseph S. , Redett Richard J. , Lopez Joseph , Manson Paul N. , Yang Robin
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of insurance status on mandible fracture management and outcomes at the national level.

The role of insurance status in mandible fracture management has not been well-characterized.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional observational study of adults diagnosed with mandibular fractures from 2002 to 2019 using the National Inpatient Sample. Outcomes of interest included open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) surgery versus no intervention, days to ORIF, length of stay (LOS), admission cost, home discharge, and post-operative infection, dehiscence, and hematoma. Multivariable regression was used to compare outcomes by insurance status and race and to adjust for confounders.

Results:

Around 268 809 patients met inclusion criteria. Most were male (79.6%), white (54.9%), and received ORIF (46.4%). Compared to privately insured patients, uninsured patients had increased odds of undergoing ORIF (OR = 1.21, 95% CI [1.04-1.41]). Compared to privately insured patients, days to ORIF were significantly increased for Medicaid, Medicare, uninsured, and non-White patients (Medicaid = +0.48 days; Medicare = +0.22 days; uninsured = +1.16 days; non-White = +0.58 days; all P < .001 except Medicare). Among ORIF patients, LOS was significantly increased for Medicaid, uninsured, and non-White patients compared to privately insured patients (Medicaid = +1.17 days; uninsured = +2.14 days; non-White = +0.80; all P < .001). Medicaid incurred +$1440.56 greater admission costs compared to privately insured patients ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Among adults with mandibular fractures, insurance coverage may influence the time to surgical management, odds of postoperative infection, length of stay, and cost.
Non-CPAP therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Verbraecken Johan , Dieltjens Marijke , Op de Beeck Sara , Vroegop Anneclaire , Braem Marc , Vanderveken Olivier , Randerath Winfried
Published: October 2022

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea in adults is evolving, from a “one treatment fits all” to a more individualised approach. The spectrum of treatment options is broad and heterogeneous, including conservative, technological and pharmaceutical modalities. This raises the questions of which patients these modalities might be useful for, and if there are specific criteria for single or combined treatment. The most commonly used non-CPAP treatment is a mandibular advancement device. Furthermore, it appears from the available evidence that upper airway surgery, bariatric surgery, and maxillomandibular advancement can be effective in particular patient groups and should be indicated more readily in clinical practice. Technically, a tracheotomy is the most effective surgical treatment, but is not socially acceptable and is associated with major side-effects. Other treatment options are emerging, like positional therapy, hypoglossal nerve stimulation, and myofunctional exercises. Drug therapy is also promising when pathophysiological traits are considered.

The range of currently available treatment options will be discussed in this review, with emphasis on the selection of appropriate patients, therapeutic efficacy and compliance, and reference to recent guidelines. In the selection process, routine application of drug-induced sleep endoscopy to assess the site(s) of collapse during sleep can increase the success rate of both surgical interventions and oral appliance therapy.

Educational aims

To outline recommendations concerning the proper management of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients that cannot be treated adequately with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) due to intolerance, poor adherence or compliance, or CPAP refusal.

To provide information about the selection of appropriate patients for alternative non-CPAP treatment options.

To better understand the different aspects of OSA treatment with noninvasive approaches, such as oral appliances, positional therapy, drug treatment and myofunctional therapy, including indications, contraindications, and expected short- and long-term results.

To discuss the different surgical options for the treatment of OSA and to provide information on the important issue of proper patient selection for surgery, as most OSA surgical outcomes are associated with the pre-operative assessment of the level(s) of upper airway collapse.
Fabrication of manganese-coordinated polyphenol carbon dots for photothermal therapy and immune activation
Authors: Wu Yunchao , Zhu Jinqian , Li Qianzhe , Yang Mengyu , Sun Xin , Zheng Guojun , Du Fengyi , Zhang Miaomiao
Published: October 2022

Background

Nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is capable of inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) and eradicating local tumor via hyperthermia. However, it can hardly prevent tumor recurrence and metastasis owing to inadequate immune activation.

Results

To this end, manganese-coordinated polyphenol carbon dots (MP-CDs) were synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization and metal–polyphenol coordination. This prepared MP-CDs had ultra-small particle size of 5 nm, excellent optical performance, good dispersibility in water and favorable biocompatibility. Under 808 nm near-infrared laser irradiation, the MP-CDs with high photothermal conversion efficiency could kill tumor cells and induce the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from tumor cells. Notably, the MP-CDs can promote the maturation and antigen presentation ability of dendritic cells (DCs) via manganese-mediated immune activation.

Conclusion

The present work offers a versatile strategy to integrate functional metal into CDs via metal–polyphenol coordination for photothermal/immune therapy.
Transcriptome profiling of lung immune responses potentially related to acute respiratory distress syndrome in forest musk deer
Authors: Tang Jie , Suo Lijuan , Li Feiran , Bian Kun , Yang Chao , Wang Yan
Published: October 2022

Background

Forest musk deer is an endangered species globally. The death of captive forest musk deer can be caused by certain respiratory system diseases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a huge threat to the life of forest muck deer that breed in our department.

Methods

Lung histopathologic analysis was conducted by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The lung gene changes triggered by ARDS were examined by RNA sequencing and related bioinformatics analysis in forest musk deer. The potential functions of unigenes were investigated by NR, SwissProt KOG, GO, and KEGG annotation analyses. Vital biological processes or pathways in ARDS were examined by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses.

Results

A total of 3265 unigenes were differentially expressed (|log2fold-change|> 2 and adjusted P value < 0.01) in lung tissues of 3 forest musk deer with ARDS compared with normal lung tissues of the non-ARDS group. These differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) played crucial roles in immunity and defense responses to pathogens. Moreover, we identified the DEGs related to one or more of the following biological processes: lung development, immunity, and bacterial/viral/fungal infection. And six DEGs that might be involved in lung injury caused by immune dysregulation or viral/fungal infection were identified.

Conclusion

ARDS-mediated lung gene alterations were identified in forest musk deer. Moreover, multiple genes involved in lung development and lung defense responses to bacteria/viruses/fungi in ARDS were filtered out in forest musk deer.
Multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates from lymphatic filariasis patients in the Ahanta West District, Ghana
Authors: Aglomasa Bill Clinton , Adu-Asiamah Cynthia Kyerewaa , Asiedu Samuel Opoku , Kini Priscilla , Amewu Emmanuel Kobla Atsu , Boahen Kennedy Gyau , Wireko Solomon , Amponsah Isaac Kingsley , Boakye Yaw Duah , Boamah Vivian Etsiapa , Kwarteng Alexander
Published: October 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is associated with increased morbidity in secondary infections and is a global threat owning to the ubiquitous nature of resistance genes in the environment. Recent estimate put the deaths associated with bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019 at 4.95 million worldwide. Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), is associated with the poor living in the tropical regions of the world. LF patients are prone to developing acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), a condition that puts them at risk of developing secondary bacterial infections due to skin peeling. ADLA particularly worsens the prognosis of patients leading to usage of antibiotics as a therapeutic intervention. This may result in inappropriate usage of antibiotics due to self-medication and non-compliance; exacerbating antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. In this perspective, we assessed the possibilities of antimicrobial resistance in LF patients. We focused on antibiotic usage, antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates and looked at genes (mecA and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase [blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaTEM]) coding for resistance in multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates.

Results

Of the sixty (60) participants, fifty-four (n = 54, 90%) were within 31–60 years of age, twenty (n = 20, 33.33%) were unemployed and thirty-eight (n = 38, 50.67%) had wounds aged seven (7) months and above. Amoxicillin (54%) and chloramphenicol (22%) were the most frequently used antibiotics for self-medication. Staphylococcus aureus isolates (n = 26) were mostly resistant to penicillin (n = 23, 88.46%) and least resistant to erythromycin (n = 2, 7.69%). Escherichia coli isolates (n = 5) were resistant to tetracycline (n = 5, 100%) and ampicillin (n = 5, 100%) but were sensitive to meropenem (n = 5, 100%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n = 8) were most resistant to meropenem (n = 3, 37.50%) and to a lesser extent ciprofloxacin (n = 2, 25%), gentamicin (n = 2, 25%) and ceftazidime (n = 2, 25%). Multi-drug resistant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli and carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were four (n = 4, 15.38%), two (n = 2, 40%) and two (n = 2, 25%) respectively. ESBL (blaCTX-M) and mecA genes were implicated in the resistance mechanism of Escherichia coli and MRSA, respectively.

Conclusion

The findings show presence of MDR isolates from LF patients presenting with chronic wounds; thus, the need to prioritize resistance of MDR bacteria into treatment strategies optimizing morbidity management protocols. This could guide antibiotic selection for treating LF patients presenting with ADLA.
Prevalence of medical factors related to aging among older car drivers: a multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive study
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Takase Ryosuke , Honda Hiroyuki , Nakano Yasuhiro , Otsuka Yuki , Kataoka Hitomi , Uno Mika , Ueda Keigo , Takahashi Misa , Ogawa Hiroko , Hanayama Yoshihisa , Otsuka Fumio
Published: October 2022

Aim

An increasing number of older adults in Japan are at an increased risk of road traffic crashes. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of potential underlying medical factors that increase the risk of road traffic crashes among older people.

Methods

This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in 11 medical institutions in Japan using self-administered questionnaires and physical examination from January to May 2021. The background and social data, data on the use of nursing care insurance, and clinical data suggestive of polypharmacy, sarcopenia, cognitive impairment, and frailty/oral frailty were obtained. The prevalence of these factors was compared between everyday and occasional drivers.

Results

Data of 127 patients were collected; their median (interquartile range) age was 73 (70–78) years. Of the total participants, 82 were men (64.6%) and 45 were women (35.4%). There were 77 everyday drivers and 50 occasional drivers. Of these, 121 (95.3%) had not applied for nursing care insurance, but the numbers of those who required help 1 and 2 were 1 (0.8%) and 3 (2.4%), respectively. Prevalence of medical factors was as follows: polypharmacy, 27.6%; sarcopenia, 8.7%; dementia, 16.4%; frailty, 15.0%; and oral frailty, 54.3%; it was not significantly different between every day and occasional drivers. Intention to return the car license was significantly higher among the occasional drivers (2.6% vs. 14.0%; odds ratio: 6.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–70.6, p = 0.024).

Conclusion

We uncovered the prevalence of medical factors that can be associated with road traffic crashes among Japanese older people aged ≥ 65 years in our community.
Does eating behaviour among adolescents and young adults seeking obesity treatment differ depending on sex, body composition, and parental country of birth?
Authors: Bonn Stephanie E , Christenson Anne , Eke Helén , Sjöblom Linnea , Dahlgren Anna , Trolle Lagerros Ylva
Published: October 2022

Background

Adolescents and young adults around the world experience high rates of weight gain. The underlying eating behaviours that may lead to overconsumption of energy are complex and can depend on a number of factors. The aim of this study was to explore if eating behaviour among adolescents and young adults referred to specialized obesity treatment differed depending on sex, body composition, and parental country of birth.

Methods

Adolescents and young adults aged 16–25 years, referred for obesity treatment in 2018–2021 were included in the study. Eating behaviour was assessed using the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire, comprising domains of uncontrolled-, emotional- and cognitive restraint eating. Student’s t-test was used to compare differences in eating behaviour scores between males and females, and between those having at least one parent born in a Nordic country and those with both parents born outside the Nordic countries. Associations between BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage, and eating behaviour as the dependent variable, were examined using linear regression.

Results

A total of 463 participants, mean age 21 years and mean BMI 41.3 kg/m2, were included in the analysis. Females scored statistically significantly higher than males on emotional eating (45.8 vs. 35.4, p = 0.002) and cognitive restraint eating (45.4 vs. 39.2, p = 0.009). Participants with at least one parent born in a Nordic country reported a statistically significantly lower score of uncontrolled eating (45.7 vs. 51.3, p = 0.02) compared to participants with both parents born outside the Nordic countries. Further, there were statistically significant inverse associations between cognitive restraint eating scores and BMI (β=-0.64, 95%CI: -0.97 to -0.31), waist circumference (β=-0.44, 95%CI: -0.61 to -0.27) and body fat percentage (β=-0.57, 95%CI: -1.01 to -0.14) in models adjusted for age, sex, smoking, and civil status.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that sex and parental country of birth may influence eating behaviours among adolescents and young adults referred for specialist obesity treatment. We also found that cognitive restraint eating decreased with increasing BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. This indicates that there may be an inverse association between the ability to restrain oneself from eating and gaining weight, however, the direction of the association must be investigated further. Increased knowledge about eating behaviours may be valuable in the clinical setting.
Efficacy of split-thickness skin graft combined with novel sheet-type reprocessed micronized acellular dermal matrix
Authors: Hahn Hyung Min , Jeong Yon Soo , Lee Il Jae , Kim Min Ji , Lim Hyoseob
Published: October 2022

Background

Autologous split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) remain the mainstay for treatment of large skin defects. Despite its many advantages, there exist critical disadvantages such as unfavorable scar and graft contracture. In addition, it cannot be used when structures such as tendons and bones are exposed. To overcome these limitations, acellular dermal matrix (ADM) is widely used with STSG. CGDerm Matrix®, which was recently developed, is a novel reprocessed micronized ADM (RMADM). In this study, outcomes of the combined application of RMADM and STSG on full-thickness wounds were analyzed.

Methods

Forty-one patients with full-thickness skin defects due to trauma, scar contracture release, and diabetic foot ulcers, who underwent STSGs, from January 2021 to July 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome of interest was skin loss rate, which was measured 14 days after surgery.

Results

The most common cause of skin defect was trauma (36 patients), diabetic foot (2 patients), scar contracture release (2 patients), and malignancy (1 patient). The average defect size was 109.6 cm2 (range, 8–450 cm2). The average skin loss rate was 9.1%, showing a graft take rate of > 90%.

Conclusion

The use of combined RMADM and STSG in full-thickness wound reconstruction provides stable and acceptable outcomes. The newly developed ADM can be a promising option in wound reconstruction.
Leukocyte telomere length, allelic variations in related genes and risk of coronary heart disease in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sanchez Manuel , Kannengiesser Caroline , Hoang Sophie , Potier Louis , Fumeron Frédéric , Venteclef Nicolas , Scheen André , Gautier Jean-François , Hadjadj Samy , Marre Michel , Roussel Ronan , Mohammedi Kamel , Velho Gilberto
Published: October 2022

Background

Type 1 diabetes is associated with accelerated vascular aging and advanced atherosclerosis resulting in increased rates of cardiovascular disease and premature death. We evaluated associations between Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), allelic variations (SNPs) in LTL-related genes and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Methods

We assessed associations of LTL, measured at baseline by RT–PCR, and of SNPs in 11 LTL-related genes with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD: myocardial infarction or coronary revascularization) and all-cause death during follow-up in two multicenter French-Belgian prospective cohorts of people with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

Results

In logistic and Cox analyses, the lowest tertile of LTL distribution (short telomeres) at baseline was associated with the prevalence of myocardial infarction at baseline and with increased risk of CHD (Hazard ratio 3.14 (1.39–7.70), p = 0.005, for shorter vs longer tertile of LTL) and all-cause death (Hazard ratio 1.63 (95% CI 1.04–2.55), p = 0.03, for shorter vs combined intermediate and longer tertiles of LTL) during follow-up. Allelic variations in six genes related to telomere biology (TERC, NAF1, TERT, TNKS, MEN1 and BICD1) were also associated with the incidence of CHD during follow-up. The associations were independent of sex, age, duration of diabetes, and a range of relevant confounding factors at baseline.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that short LTL is an independent risk factor for CHD in people with type 1 diabetes.
Association of α-klotho with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Castelblanco Esmeralda , Hernández Marta , Alonso Nuria , Ribes-Betriu Aina , Real Jordi , Granado-Casas Minerva , Rossell Joana , Rojo-López Marina Idalia , Dusso Adriana Silvia , Julve Josep , Mauricio Didac
Published: October 2022

Background

Compelling evidence suggests that the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) / α-klotho axis is impaired in subjects with diabetes mellitus. We examined the relationship between parameters related to calcium/phosphate homeostasis, including FGF23 and α-klotho, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis burden in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) subjects.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved 226 subjects with T1D and 147 age-, sex- and plaque-matched, non-diabetic (non-T1D) subjects, both with normal renal function. Carotid ultrasound was performed to determine the presence and burden of atheromatous plaques. Concentrations of the intact form of FGF23 and α-klotho were assessed by ELISA. Calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D levels were also determined. Negative binomial regression models were used to examine relationship between parameters studied and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.

Results

Only FGF23 was increased in T1D compared with non-diabetic subjects (> 2-fold; p < 0.05). α-klotho was higher in subjects with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (1.4-fold, p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the log α-klotho concentration was positively associated with the presence of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis both in T1D subjects (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.89; p < 0.05) and in non-T1D subjects (IRR: 1.65; 95% CI, 1.02–2.75; p < 0.05). The models also showed that age, smoking and albuminuria-to-creatinine ratio were positively associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in T1D subjects. Interestingly, sex-related protection against plaque was also revealed in T1D women.

Conclusion

Higher α-klotho was associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerotic in the absence of kidney dysfunction. This finding also points to a new pathophysiological pathway involved in the development and progression of this complication.
Neuregulin-4 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Hongchao , Wang Lijie , Hu Fuli , Wang Pengfei , Xie Yanan , Li Fang , Guo Bingyan
Published: October 2022

Background

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricle dysfunction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis and is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for maintaining normal heart morphology and function, and its dysregulation can produce pathological effects on diabetic hearts. Neuregulin-4 (Nrg4) is an adipokine that exerts protective effects against metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 could ameliorate DM-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy.

Methods

Four weeks after the establishment of a model of type 1 diabetes in mice, the mice received Nrg4 treatment (with or without an autophagy inhibitor) for another 4 weeks. The cardiac functions, histological structures and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were investigated. Autophagy-related protein levels along with related signalling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured primary cardiomyocytes.

Results

Nrg4 alleviated myocardial injury both in vivo and in vitro. The autophagy level was decreased in type 1 diabetic mice, and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Furthermore, Nrg4 intervention was found to activate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway. Moreover, when autophagy was suppressed or the AMPK/mTOR pathway was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 were diminished.

Conclusion

Nrg4 intervention attenuated diabetic cardiomyopathy by promoting autophagy in type 1 diabetic mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signalling pathway.
MicroRNA-223 negatively regulates the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament derived cells by directly targeting growth factor receptors
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Minghui , Zheng Youli , Dai Yanmei , Chou Jiashu , Bian Xiaowei , Wang Pengcheng , Li Changyi , Shen Jing
Published: October 2022

Background

MicroRNA (miRNA) is accepted as a critical regulator of cell differentiation. However, whether microRNA-223 (miR-223) could affect the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament (PDL)-derived cells is still unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the roles of miR-223 in the osteogenesis of PDL-derived cells in periodontitis.

Methods

Microarray analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to identify difference in miR-223 expression pattern between healthy and inflamed gingival tissue. The target genes of miR-223 were predicted based on Targetscan and selected for enrichment analyses based on Metascape database. The gain-and loss-of-function experiments were performed to discuss roles of miR-223 and growth factor receptor genes in osteogenic differentiation of PDL-derived cells. The target relationship between miR-223 and growth factor receptor genes was confirmed by a dual luciferase assay. Osteogenic differentiation of PDL-derived cells was assessed by Alizarin red staining, RT-PCR and western blot detection of osteogenic markers, including osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2).

Results

MiR-223 was significantly increased in inflamed gingival tissues and down-regulated in PDL-derived cells during osteogenesis. The expression of miR-223 in gingival tissues was positively correlated with the clinical parameters in periodontitis patients. Overexpression of miR-223 markedly inhibited PDL-derived cells osteogenesis, which was evidenced by reduced Alizarin red staining and osteogenic markers expressions. Furthermore, two growth factor receptor genes, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFβR2), were revealed to be direct targets of miR-223 and shown to undergo up-regulation in PDL-derived cells during osteogenesis. Moreover, suppression of FGFR2 or TGFβR2 dramatically blocked PDL-derived cells osteogenic differentiation.

Conclusions

Our study provides novel evidence that miR-223 can be induced by periodontitis and acts as a negative regulator of PDL-derived cells osteogenesis by targeting two growth factor receptors (TGFβR2 and FGFR2).
Polygenic risk score trend and new variants on chromosome 1 are associated with male gout in genome-wide association study
Authors: Chang Ya-Sian , Lin Chien-Yu , Liu Ting-Yuan , Huang Chung-Ming , Chung Chin-Chun , Chen Yu-Chia , Tsai Fuu-Jen , Chang Jan-Gowth , Chang Shun-Jen
Published: October 2022

Background

Gout is a highly hereditary disease, but not all those carrying well-known risk variants have developing gout attack even in hyperuricemia status. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analysis to illustrate the new genetic architectures of gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (AH).

Methods

GWAS was performed to identify variants associated with gout/AH compared with normouricemia. The participants were males, enrolled from the Taiwan Biobank and China Medical University, and divided into discovery (n=39,594) and replication (n=891) cohorts for GWAS. For PRS analysis, the discovery cohort was grouped as base (n=21,814) and target (n=17,780) cohorts, and the score was estimated by grouping the polymorphisms into protective or not for the phenotypes in the base cohort.

Results

The genesABCG2andSLC2A9were found as the major genetic factors governing gouty and AH, and even in those carrying the rs2231142 (ABCG2) wild-genotype. Surprisingly, variants on chromosome 1, such as rs7546668 (DNAJC16), rs10927807 (AGMAT), rs9286836 (NUDT17), rs4971100 (TRIM46), rs4072037 (MUC1), and rs2974935 (MTX1), showed significant associations with gout in both discovery and replication cohorts (allp-values < 1e−8). Concerning the PRS, the rates of gout and AH increased with increased quartile PRS in those SNPs having risk effects on the phenotypes; on the contrary, gout/AH rates decreased with increased quartile PRS in those protective SNPs.

Conclusions

We found new variants on chromosome 1 significantly relating to gout, and PRS predicts the risk of developing gout/AH more robustly based on the SNPs’ effect types on the trait.
Fitted computational method for solving singularly perturbed small time lag problem
Authors: Tesfaye Sisay Ketema , Woldaregay Mesfin Mekuria , Dinka Tekle Gemmechu , Duressa Gemechis File
Published: October 2022

Objectives

An accurate exponentially fitted numerical method is developed to solve the singularly perturbed time lag problem. The solution to the problem exhibits a boundary layer as the perturbation parameter approaches zero. A priori bounds and properties of the continuous solution are discussed.

Result

The backward-Euler method is applied in the time direction and the higher order finite difference method is employed for the spatial derivative approximation. An exponential fitting factor is induced on the difference scheme for stabilizing the computed solution. Using the comparison principle, the stability of the method is examined and analyzed. It is proved that the method converges uniformly with linear order of convergence. To validate the theoretical findings and analysis, two test examples are given. Comparison is made with the results available in the literature. The proposed method has better accuracy than the schemes in the literature.
Systematic description of an interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment programme for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain, using the TIDieR checklist
Authors: Breugelmans L. , Scheffer E. , Beckers L. W. M. E. , Oosterwijk R. F. A. , Nijland G. , Smeets R. J. E. M.
Published: October 2022

Objective

To provide a thorough and systematic description of an interdisciplinary multimodal pain treatment programme (IMPT) for patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP), using the TIDieR checklist as a guide.

Results

The main goal of the ‘Centre for Integral Rehabilitation (CIR) Excellent’ IMPT is to improve daily functioning, participation and quality of life of patients with CMP by helping them to adapt their behaviour so as to better manage their symptoms. A combination of physical and psychosocial treatment methods is employed, including Emotional Awareness and Expression Therapy (EAET), Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), graded activity, exposure in vivo, and experiential learning through physical training. The interdisciplinary treatment team comprises physiotherapists, psychologists and a physiatrist. The programme lasts 10 weeks (61 h in total) and consists of three phases: a start (Week 1), education (Weeks 2–3), and skills learning phase (Weeks 4–10). Patients come in twice a week and participate in 2–4 sessions (3–4 h) per treatment day. The programme consists of both individual (physical and mental coaching) and group sessions (education, movement and behaviour outdoors/indoors). Individualisation through personal goal-setting is an important characteristic of the treatment, as well as frequent interdisciplinary consultation between care providers.
Digitized and structured informed patient consent before contrast-enhanced computed tomography: feasibility and benefits in clinical routine
Authors: Kopp Markus , Roth Jan Peter , Geisler Frederik , Daniel Sascha , Ruettinger Theresa , Treutlein Christoph , Balbach Eva L. , Heiss Rafael , Wetzl Matthias , El Amrani Nouhayla , Cavallaro Alexander , Uder Michael , May Matthias S.
Published: October 2022

Background

To evaluate the feasibility and benefits of digitized informed patient consent (D-IPC) for contrast-enhanced CT and compare digitized documentation with paper-based, conventional patient records (C-PR).

Methods

We offered D-IPC to 2016 patients scheduled for a CT. We assessed patient history (e.g., CT examinations, malignant or cardiovascular diseases) and contraindications (red flags) for a CT (e.g., thyroid hyperfunction, allergies) using a tablet device. We evaluated the success rate of D-IPC and compared patient age between the subgroups of patients who were able or unable to complete D-IPC. We analyzed the prevalence of marked questions and red flags (RF). RF were compared with the documentation from C-PR. We estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for paperless workflow and provide a cost–benefit analysis.

Results

Overall, 84.4% of patients completed D-IPC. They were younger (median 61 years) than unsuccessful patients (65 years; p < 0.001). Patients who marked questions (21.7%) were older than patients without inquiries (median 63.9 vs 59.5 years; p < 0.001). The most prevalent RF was thyroid disease (23.8%). RF were considered critical for contrast-agent injection in 13.7%, requiring personalized preparation. The detection rate for RF documented with D-IPC was higher than for C-PR (n = 385 vs. 43). GHG emissions for tablet production are 80–90 times higher than for paper production. The estimated costs were slightly higher for D-IPC (+ 8.7%).

Conclusion

D-IPC is feasible, but patient age is a relevant factor. Marked questions and RF help personalize IPC. The availability of patient history by D-IPC was superior compared to C-PR.
Advances on genetic and genomic studies of ALV resistance
Authors: Mo Guodong , Wei Ping , Hu Bowen , Nie Qinghua , Zhang Xiquan
Published: October 2022

Avian leukosis (AL) is a general term for a variety of neoplastic diseases in avian caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV). No vaccine or drug is currently available for the disease. Therefore, the disease can result in severe economic losses in poultry flocks. Increasing the resistance of poultry to ALV may be one effective strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of genes associated with ALV infection in the poultry genome, including endogenous retroviruses, virus receptors, interferon-stimulated genes, and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, some methods and techniques that can improve ALV resistance in poultry are discussed. The objectives are willing to provide some valuable references for disease resistance breeding in poultry.
A structural equation modeling of English tests’ social and educational consequences: exploring target, leverage, risk, and critical variables
Authors: Khosravani Mahmood , Rostamian Morteza , Ashraf Hamid , Motallebzade Khalil
Published: October 2022

Though the emergence of standardized testing promoted classical approaches such as summative achievement tests, it brought about serious criticisms regarding the stakes of these tests and their consequences on different dimensions of education. Exploring these consequences attracted researchers’ attention in education. A mass of studies are conducted, but due to the dynamic and intricate nature of the consequences, they suffer from some severe deficiencies, mainly in methodology and epistemology. Thus, the current research adopted an innovative approach to employ structural equation modeling in SPSS and matrix of crossed impact multiplications in MicMac to explore factors of test consequences of English module of Iranian universities entrance exam. Four groups of participants were selected through convenience sampling from different Iranian stakeholders for scale development, reliability estimation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and crossed impacts analysis, respectively. Reliability calculation was carried out (r = 0.89), and assumption of EFA for factorability (KMO = 0.796 and p = 0.001) was met. EFA was run, and 19 variables (factor loading ≥ 0.60) in three major factors were identified. Also, crossed impact analysis showed that these factors fall in an unstable system of effects, inside input factors (critical and environmental), bidimensional variables (risk and target), output variables, and leverage variables. Integrating structural equation modeling and structural interpretations resulted in development of a validated model and uncovered the nature of the variables within it. These information can feed subsequent interpretations, including policy makings and future studies for educational and management purposes. The findings have educational and statistical implications for different stakeholders.
Glycemic Gap Predicts Mortality in a Large Multicenter Cohort Hospitalized With COVID-19
Authors: McDonnell Marie E , Garg Rajesh , Gopalakrishnan Geetha , Mitri Joanna , Weinstock Ruth S , Greenfield Margaret , Katta Sai , Lebastchi Jasmin , Palermo Nadine E , Radhakrishnan Ramya , Westcott Gregory P , Johnson Matthew , Simonson Donald C
Published: October 2022

Context

Diabetes or hyperglycemia at admission are established risk factors for adverse outcomes during hospitalization for COVID-19, but the impact of prior glycemic control is not clear.

Objective

We aimed to examine the associations between admission variables, including glycemic gap, and adverse clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection.

Methods

We examined the relationship between clinical predictors, including acute and chronic glycemia, and clinical outcomes, including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation (MV), and mortality among 1786 individuals with diabetes or hyperglycemia (glucose > 10 mmol/L twice in 24 hours) who were admitted from March 2020 through February 2021 with COVID-19 infection at 5 university hospitals in the eastern United States.

Results

The cohort was 51.3% male, 53.3% White, 18.8% Black, 29.0% Hispanic, with age = 65.6 ± 14.4 years, BMI = 31.5 ± 7.9 kg/m2, glucose = 12.0 ± 7.5 mmol/L [216 ± 135 mg/dL], and HbA1c = 8.07% ± 2.25%. During hospitalization, 38.9% were admitted to the ICU, 22.9% received MV, and 10.6% died. Age (P < 0.001) and admission glucose (P = 0.014) but not HbA1c were associated with increased risk of mortality. Glycemic gap, defined as admission glucose minus estimated average glucose based on HbA1c, was a stronger predictor of mortality than either admission glucose or HbA1c alone (OR = 1.040 [95% CI: 1.019, 1.061] per mmol/L, P < 0.001). In an adjusted multivariable model, glycemic gap, age, BMI, and diabetic ketoacidosis on admission were associated with increased mortality, while higher estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and use of any diabetes medication were associated with lower mortality (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Relative hyperglycemia, as measured by the admission glycemic gap, is an important marker of mortality risk in COVID-19.
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Mouse Decidual Cells Carry Critical Information for the Establishment of Pregnancy
Authors: Ma Qiuyan , Beal Jacob R , Song Xiangning , Bhurke Arpita , Bagchi Indrani C , Bagchi Milan K
Published: October 2022

The mouse decidua secretes many factors that act in a paracrine/autocrine manner to critically control uterine decidualization, neovascularization, and tissue remodeling that ensure proper establishment of pregnancy. The precise mechanisms that dictate intercellular communications among the uterine cells during early pregnancy remain unknown. We recently reported that conditional deletion of the gene encoding the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2 alpha (Hif2α) in mouse uterus led to infertility. Here, we report that HIF2α in mouse endometrial stromal cells (MESCs) acts via the cellular trafficking regulator RAB27b to control the secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) during decidualization. We also found that Hif2α-regulated pathways influence the biogenesis of EVs. Proteomic analysis of EVs secreted by decidualizing MESCs revealed that they harbor a wide variety of protein cargoes whose composition changed as the decidualization process progressed. The EVs enhanced the differentiation capacity of MESCs and the production of angiogenic factors by these cells. We also established that matrix metalloproteinase-2, a prominent EV cargo protein, modulates uterine remodeling during decidualization. Collectively, our results support the concept that EVs are central to the mechanisms by which the decidual cells communicate with each other and other cell types within the uterus to facilitate successful establishment of pregnancy.