bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Value of a Management Plan Based on Risk Factors for Cerebral Infarction Patients with Cerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Dang Jinfeng , Li Jieting , Li Haixia , Pian Gaoyan , Guo Zhizhuan
Published: April 2022

Cerebral infarction is a neurological disease related to abnormal blood supply to brain tissue. Patients are mainly men between the ages of 50 and 60 years old. In order to explore the value of risk factor-based management programs for preventing hemorrhagic conversion in patients with cerebral infarction, this paper uses single and multifactor methods to analyze the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage transformation after cerebral infarction and formulate risk factor-based management plans. 240 cases of cerebral infarction who were admitted to our hospital in the past 2 years were evenly divided into an intervention group (intervention based on risk factors) and a routine group (regular care mode) by a simple randomized method. Cerebral hemorrhage is observed in both groups. We assessed the stroke scale of the National Institutes of Health (NIHSS) score. The development of risk factor-based management plans for patients with acute cerebral infarction during the treatment period has important clinical significance for reducing the incidence of hemorrhagic conversion in patients and promoting the recovery of neurological function.
Optimal Design of International Trade Logistics Based on Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: April 2022

With the global industrial integration, trade exchanges between countries are becoming more and more frequent and the competition for related international trade logistics is becoming more and more intense. This paper aims to study the optimization design of international trade logistics based on Internet of Things technology. For this reason, this paper proposes an RFID method, through which it is possible to master a journey in the actual international trade logistics process. And it optimizes and improves its related paths, shortens the time delayed on the road, and achieves the purpose of mentioning the carrying capacity. And for the actual use effect, the relevant experiments and analysis parts are designed to simulate it. The experimental results of this paper show that the improved and optimized international trade logistics shortens the carrying time by 28.6% and increases the carrying capacity by 34.2%, which greatly promotes the development of the relevant international trade logistics industry.
Atractylenolide III Improves Mitochondrial Function and Protects Against Ulcerative Colitis by Activating AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α
Authors: Han Jieru , Li Wenhao , Shi Guangyu , Huang Yunlei , Sun Xutao , Sun Na , Jiang Deyou
Published: April 2022

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with mitochondrial function. Atractylenolide III (AT III) is a natural product with anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this work is to investigate the protective effect of AT III on UC and its underlying mechanisms. Herein, dextran sulfate sodium- (DSS-) induced mice and lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) were employed to mimic UC pathologies in vivo and in vitro. The results showed that in DSS-induced mice, AT III significantly reversed the body weight loss, colon length reduction, disease activity index (DAI) increase, and histological damage. The production of proinflammatory factors and reduction of antioxidants in colitis were suppressed by AT III. In addition, we demonstrated that AT III attenuated the intestinal epithelial barrier destruction and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by DSS, which was similar to the in vitro results in LPS-treated IEC-6 cells. The protein levels of p-AMPK, SIRT1, and PGC-1α along with acetylated PGC-1α were also upregulated by AT III in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, these findings support that AT III may protect against mitochondrial dysfunction by the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway during UC development.
Research on Optimization of 3D Tourism Virtual Crossover Scene based on Semantic Perception Analysis
Authors: Wang Guixia
Published: April 2022

The objective of this paper is to optimize the scene of tourism virtual perception space. Based on the abstract method of semantic feature points, the computing model of semantic perception of single-cultural landscape and multi-cultural landscape is established. Using the digital elevation model, an empirical study on the semantic perception of cultural landscape in the western Tombs of Qing Dynasty is carried out. Taking the traditional Chinese culture of the site selection of royal tombs and the feudal hierarchy represented as the semantic criteria, eighteen feature points were extracted from two representative tomb cultural landscapes from different landscape perspectives, and the corresponding weight coefficients were assigned to each feature point from different landscape perspectives; based on the results of perceptual degree calculation, the semantic mining of the existing sightseeing routes is carried out and the optimization scheme is designed. From the perspective of tourists’ perception of landscape, tourism resources are deeply mined to better reflect the value of landscape and realize the coupling and interaction between virtual tourism and tourism economy.
[Retracted] Coding and Noncoding RNA Expression Profiles of Spleen CD4+ T Lymphocytes in Mice with Echinococcosis
Authors: Yang Songhao , Du Xiancai , Wang Chan , Zhang Tingrui , Xu Shimei , Zhu Yazhou , Lv Yongxue , Zhao Yinqi , Zhu Mingxing , Guo Lingna , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2022

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe and neglected zoonotic disease that poses health and socioeconomic hazards. So far, the prevention and treatment of CE are far from meeting people's ideal expectations. Therefore, to gain insight into the prevention and diagnosis of CE, we explored the changes in RNA molecules and the biological processes and pathways involved in these RNA molecules as E. granulosus infects the host. Interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α levels in peripheral blood serum of E. granulosus infected and uninfected female BALB/c mice were measured using the cytometric bead array mouse Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit. mRNA, microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA) profiles of spleen CD4+ T cells from the two groups of mice were analyzed using high‐throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. The levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, and TNF‐α were significantly higher in the serum of the CE mice than in control mice (P < 0.01). In total, 1,758 known mRNAs, 37 miRNAs, 175 lncRNAs, and 22 circRNAs were differentially expressed between infected and uninfected mice (|fold change| ≥ 0.585, P < 0.05). These differentially expressed molecules are involved in chromosome composition, DNA/RNA metabolism, and gene expression in cell composition, biological function, and cell function. Moreover, closely related to the JAK/STAT signaling pathways, mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathways, P53 signaling pathways, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, cell cycle, and metabolic pathways. E. granulosus infection significantly increased the levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17A, and TNF‐α in mouse peripheral blood of mice and significantly changed expression levels of various coding and noncoding RNAs. Further study of these trends and pathways may help clarify the pathogenesis of CE and provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of this disease.
Cellular Responses to Nanomaterials with Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gómez Luis Jesús Villarreal , Magaña Yanis Toledaño , Bravo José Manuel Cornejo , Graziano Ricardo Vera , Cai Shengqiang
Published: April 2022

Nanotechnology application to the biomedical field has gained significant interest. Great efforts have been made to develop nanogels, nanoparticles, and nanofibers, among others, to treat cardiovascular diseases, cancer, immune or metabolic system disorder, neurodegeneration, etc. The study of the cellular response against nanomaterials becomes essential for these potential applications. This Special Issue presents original research and review articles that illustrate and stimulate the advances in physiological processes that take place in tissue exposed to nanomaterials, such as cellular stress, adaptation mechanisms, immunological responses, biochemical pathways and cascades, pathologies, and clinical cases, among others.
DietaryLactobacillus-Derived Exopolysaccharide Enhances Immune-Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Kawanabe-Matsuda Hirotaka , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Nakamura Marie , Makino Seiya , Karasaki Takahiro , Kakimi Kazuhiro , Nishimukai Megumi , Ohno Tatsukuni , Omi Jumpei , Kano Kuniyuki , Uwamizu Akiharu , Yagita Hideo , Boneca Ivo Gomperts , Eberl Gérard , Aoki Junken , Smyth Mark J. , Okumura Ko
Published: April 2022

Microbes and their byproducts have been reported to regulate host health and immune functions. Here we demonstrated that microbial exopolysaccharide produced by Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1 (EPS-R1) induced CCR6+ CD8+ T cells of mice and humans. In mice, ingestion of EPS-R1 augmented antitumor effects of anti–CTLA-4 or anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody against CCL20-expressing tumors, in which infiltrating CCR6+ CD8+ T cells were increased and produced IFNγ accompanied by a substantial immune response gene expression signature maintaining T-cell functions. Of note, the antitumor adjuvant effect of EPS-R1 was also observed in germ-free mice. Furthermore, the induction of CCR6 expression was mediated through the phosphorylated structure in EPS-R1 and a lysophosphatidic acid receptor on CD8+ T cells. Overall, we find that dietary EPS-R1 consumption induces CCR6+ CD8+ T cells in Peyer's patches, favoring a tumor microenvironment that augments the therapeutic effect of immune-checkpoint blockade depending on CCL20 production by tumors.

Significance:

Gut microbiota- and probiotic-derived metabolites are attractive agents to augment the efficacy of immunotherapies. Here we demonstrated that dietary consumption of Lactobacillus-derived exopolysaccharide induced CCR6+ CD8+ T cells in Peyer's patches and improved the tumor microenvironment to augment the therapeutic effects of immune-checkpoint blockade against CCL20-producing tumors.

See related commentary by Di Luccia and Colonna, p. 1189.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1171
Specific Alterations of Gut Microbiota in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Qin Yunlong , Zhao Jin , Wang Yuwei , Bai Ming , Sun Shiren
Published: April 2022

Background: China has the largest absolute burden of hypertension (HTN) in the world. Gut dysbiosis may be a potentially modifiable risk factor for HTN. However, the characteristics of gut microbiota in Chinese populations with HTN remain to be determined. Methods: We systematically searched for studies comparing the gut microbial in HTN with healthy controls in databases. The cut-off date was December 30, 2021. Semiquantitative analysis and meta-analysis with standardized mean differences of the alteration in gut microbiota were carried out. Results: A total of 16 studies involving 2,372 patients with HTN and 849 controls were included, covering 16 Chinese provinces or regions. The present study supports that compared to healthy population, the diversity of patients with HTN is significantly compromised, while richness is overall preserved. To be specific, a significant increase of the Firmicutes (F)/Bacteroidetes (B) ratio is considered as a special parameter of gut microbiota in HTN patients. The increased abundance of phylum Firmicutes, genus Megasphaera, Escherichia_Shigella, and Klebsiella while the lower abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes, genus Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus may be associated with HTN. The gut microbial metabolism in HTN was more abundant in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, membrane transport, and steroid degradation. Conclusions: Variation in gut microbial parameters is likely associated with Chinese patients with HTN. Further investigations should distinguish geographical and ethnic characteristics to develop in-depth knowledge of the underlying mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis contributes to HTN.
Eine kritische Neubewertung der Off-Label-Anwendung der photodynamischen Therapie zur Behandlung von nicht neoplastischen Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Monfrecola Giuseppe , Megna Matteo , Rovati Chiara , Arisi Mariachiara , Rossi Mariateresa , Calzavara-Pinton Irene , Fabbrocini Gabriella , Calzavara-Pinton Piergiacomo
Published: April 2022

Hintergrund: In den letzten 30 Jahren wurde die topische photodynamische Therapie (PDT) zur Behandlung eines breiten Spektrums von kosmetischen, entzündlichen und infektiösen Hauterkrankungen mit variablen und oft kontrastierenden Ergebnissen untersucht. Allerdings kann es für den nicht fachkundigen Arzt schwierig sein, diese Ergebnisse zu bewerten, da verschiedene empfindlichkeitssteigernde Stoffe, Konzentrationen, Formulierungen, Lichtquellen und Bestrahlungsprotokolle verwendet wurden. Darüber hinaus haben viele dieser Studien als Fallberichte und unkontrollierte Studien von wenigen Fällen eine schlechte Design-Qualität. Zusammenfassung: Mit dem Ziel, den potenziellen Nutzen von PDT für die Behandlung von infektiösen und entzündlichen Hauterkrankungen sowie ausgewählten kosmetischen Indikationen zu klären, suchten wir nach randomisierten kontrollierten klinischen Studien, nicht randomisierten Vergleichsstudien, retrospektiven Studien und Fallreihenstudien mit einer Anzahl von mindestens 10 Patienten, die seit 1990 veröffentlicht wurden. Später haben wir die Ergebnisse neu bewertet, um einen einfachen kritischen Überblick zu geben. Die Kernbotschaften: Literaturbelege scheinen die Verwendung von ALA- und MAL-PDT zur Behandlung von häufigen Hauterkrankungen wie Akne, Warzen, Kondylomen und Leishmania-Hautinfektionen sowie zur Photorejuvenation, d. h. zur kosmetischen Korrektur ausgewählter kosmetischer Alterungs- und Lichtalterungsschäden stark zu unterstützen. Für andere Erkrankungen sind die Evidenz und die Stärke der Empfehlung niedriger, und kontrollierte randomisierte Studien mit verlängerten Nachbeobachtungen sind notwendig, um den klinischen Nutzen und andere potenzielle Vorteile gegenüber den aktuellen Behandlungsoptionen zu beurteilen.
Paediatric Cavernous Malformation of the Trigeminal Nerve: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Thompson Daniel , Zammit Adrian , Yuen Jason , Hand Charles , Likeman Marcus , Singleton William , Nelson Richard , Fellows Greg
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Intradural, extra-axial cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare entities and are mostly reported in relation to the optic apparatus or the facial/vestibulocochlear complex. Cranial nerve CCMs tend to follow a clinically aggressive course, with a tendency to progressive neurological dysfunction following intra-lesional haemorrhage or less commonly due to the effects of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Case Presentation: We report the first case of a trigeminal CCM presenting in a child with otalgia and left-sided headaches. The patient was initially managed with radiological surveillance but required surgical management following deterioration. We describe the successful treatment of the lesion with microsurgical resection. Conclusion: A CCM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions arising in the region of the trigeminal nerve. Surgical resection is recommended to prevent neurological deterioration and may result in significant symptomatic improvement.
A perspectiva orwelliana do duplipensamento e as corrupções no Brasil
Authors: Reis Arthur Harder
Published: April 2022

Este ensaio tem por objetivo articular reflexões sobre corrupção e mídia de massa a partir da noção orwelliana de duplipensamento. Num primeiro momento busco apresentar o duplipensamento em suas linhas gerais. Em seguida, partindo, por um lado, de Lilia Schwarz, por outro, de Jessé Souza, proponho a existência de duas corrupções, uma de “rodapé” outra de “manchete”, diferenciações assentadas nos pesos que a mídia destina a cada “corrupção”. Nessas bases, defendo a existência de certo “combate duplipensante” contra a corrupção no Brasil. Com efeito, aponto o quão nocivo o duplipensar é ao combate concreto de práticas, em um sentido ampliado, corruptivas. Por fim, concluo que essa abordagem, inspirada por George Orwell, pode contribuir efetivamente a tensionar a percepção e associação, quase natural, entre corrupção e agentes públicos.
Código Desejante e Código Social em O Anti-Édipo
Authors: Greco Lucca Gadelha
Published: April 2022

O presente artigo presta-se à proposição de que a obra inaugural de Deleuze & Guattari encerra os fundamentos do conceito de código, sendo basilar e principal para pensá-lo. Levando em conta a ordem expositiva de O Anti-Édipo, parte-se da genealogia esquizofrênica das máquinas desejantes para que, enfim, possa-se falar em código e em socius; em seguida, reporta-se ao capítulo “Selvagens, bárbaros, civilizados” do livro, a fim de empreender uma argumentação em favor da proposição supracitada.
Eating the World: Restaurant Culture in Early Twentieth Century Japan
Authors: Cwiertka Katarzyna J.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I examine the rise of Western-style and Chinese-style dining in early twentieth century Japan, and the role multicultural eating played in the process of turning Japan into a modern, mass society. I argue that the new dining facilities not only played an important role in the mass entertainment of the urban population, but also that they facilitated the rise of a completely new consciousness among Japanese people, connecting them to a world beyond. Food serves here as a medium for identifying the agency of China and the West in the process of Japan’s self-definition. The popularity of Western and Chinese cuisine in interwar Japan denotes the cultural implications of imperialism in East Asia. The eagerness with which the Japanese masses engaged in ‘eating the West’ and ‘eating Asia’ suggests an ambiguity in the position of Japan at the time—a coloniser with a consciousness that had been colonised by the West.

‘Ethnic’ cuisines, unfamiliar foodways, exotic ingredients, ‘fusion’ cooking, multi-cultural culinary influences and more, are all now familiar elements on the contemporary (industrialised) social scene. Indeed, the final decade of the twentieth century seems to have witnessed curiosity on a mass-scale about unfamiliar eating that represents a striking interest in unaccustomed tastes, recipes and cuisines.
Narratives of Counter-Modernity: Urban Spaces and Mnemonic Sites in the Tôkyô Hanjôki
Authors: Schulz Evelyn
Published: April 2022

It is common to associate the emergence of modern mass culture with the modernising city. In Japan the discourse on cities focuses to a large extent on Tokyo because of its role as national capital. Capital cities in particular are both political and symbolic centres of the nation and in many cases also centres of production and consumption. Very often narratives of Japan’s modernity are linked with the question of how Tokyo became the political centre of the nation on the one hand and how modernization changed urban spaces on the other. There exists a huge body of journalistic and feuilleton-like texts on Tokyo addressing the needs of the urban masses for information about city life. A lot of these texts had a wide circulation when they had been published but as most of them are not categorized as ‘novels’ (shôsetsu), i.e., ‘high culture’, they have received but scarce attention from scholars. An important example of such kinds of texts are the Tôkyô hanjôki (Reports on the prosperity of Tokyo), a genre that is rooted in the popular culture of the late Edo period. I here explore two representative examples, the Saishin Tôkyô hanjôki (The Most Up-to-Date Report on the Prosperity of Tokyo; 1903) and the Dai Tôkyô hanjôki (Report on the Prosperity of Greater Tokyo; 1928) in order to find out how the specific experience of Tokyo’s modernity is conceptualized there. Published at important stages in Japan’s process of modernization, both texts reveal images of Tokyo which open up important angles on mass situation and the experience of modern city life at different points of time. Particular emphasis will be laid on the question of what kind of knowledge about urban life and culture is transmitted and what kinds of urban spaces are mainly represented.
Somatic Genome Editing with the Use of AI: Big Promises but Doubled Legal Issues
Authors: Kiseleva Anastasiya
Published: April 2022

Both Artificial Intelligence (‘AI’) and genome editing are technologies that on their own promise to revolutionise healthcare. But their common application can facilitate progress in the field even more. Multiplied benefits go along with increased risks. In this article, I identify and analyse legal challenges associated with applying AI facilities in medicinal products based on somatic genome editing. These challenges are caused by several factors. First, the two technologies share the characteristics that create and facilitate common risks. Second, each of the technologies is subject to very complex regulatory frameworks. These frameworks are not substantially connected to control the safety and quality of the common product. The main argument of this paper is that the management of common risks is only possible through common procedures. I discover the gaps in the current legislation that prevent from establishing these common procedures and provide recommendations to fill them in.
A Room with a View (and with a Gene Therapy Drug): Gene Therapy Medicinal Products and Genetic Tourism in Europe
Authors: Raposo Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2022

In contrast to the extreme caution that has been imposed on genetic medical procedures, in European law genetic drugs, or medications, have found a legal loophole that allows flexible (perhaps too flexible) access to these drugs. In Europe, Gene Therapy Medicinal Products are a form of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products and as such submitted to the marketing authorization procedure. However, there are legal mechanisms in place — such as compassionate use, named patient use, and hospital exception — that allow for their provision to patients without proper approval. This is not, de per se, problematic; the problem arises, though, because such mechanisms are neither properly regulated nor monitored, and their application differs substantially according to the jurisdiction. This disparity and lack of control have given rise to situations of genetic tourism, where patients in desperate need travel to so-called genetic paradises, looking for a miraculous, and extremely expensive cure. The outcome is sometimes tragic, endangering patients’ safety and undermining confidence in genetic products.
Giving as “De-Risking”: Philanthropy, Impact Investment and the Pandemic Response
Authors: Sklair Jessica , Gilbert Paul
Published: April 2022

This article examines the role played by philanthrocapitalist foundations in impact investing for international development, focusing on the covid-19 Vaccines Global Access Initiative (covax) as a response to the current pandemic. Philanthrocapitalists and development institutions are increasingly turning to “blended finance” and “social bonds” to address the gaps in funding required to meet global development agendas, particularly in the arena of global health. These impact investing mechanisms deploy public or philanthropic money to leverage for-profit investment in development, by “de-risking” (providing guarantees for) interventions that might otherwise put private capital at risk. Via covax, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has platformed a pandemic response centred on this approach, resisting alternative responses – such as the proposal for a temporary waiver to pharmaceutical patent rights – that seek to challenge the prevailing trade architecture. The global policy response to covid-19 thus accelerates the “financialization” of development and cements the role of philanthropy in “de-risking” for-profit impact investment.
Short-Term Convection-Allowing Ensemble Precipitation Forecast Sensitivity to Resolution of Initial Condition Perturbations and Central Initial States
Authors: Schwartz Craig S. , Poterjoy Jonathan , Romine Glen S. , Dowell David C. , Carley Jacob R. , Bresch Jamie
Published: April 2022

Nine sets of 36-h, 10-member, convection-allowing ensemble (CAE) forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing were produced over the conterminous United States for a 4-week period. These CAEs had identical configurations except for their initial conditions (ICs), which were constructed to isolate CAE forecast sensitivity to resolution of IC perturbations and central initial states about which IC perturbations were centered. The IC perturbations and central initial states were provided by limited-area ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) analyses with both 15- and 3-km horizontal grid spacings, as well as from NCEP’s Global Forecast System (GFS) and Global Ensemble Forecast System. Given fixed-resolution IC perturbations, reducing horizontal grid spacing of central initial states improved ∼1–12-h precipitation forecasts. Conversely, for constant-resolution central initial states, reducing horizontal grid spacing of IC perturbations led to comparatively smaller short-term forecast improvements or none at all. Overall, all CAEs initially centered on 3-km EnKF mean analyses produced objectively better ∼1–12-h precipitation forecasts than CAEs initially centered on GFS or 15-km EnKF mean analyses regardless of IC perturbation resolution, strongly suggesting it is more important for central initial states to possess fine-scale structures than IC perturbations for short-term CAE forecasting applications, although fine-scale perturbations could potentially be critical for data assimilation purposes. These findings have important implications for future operational CAE forecast systems and suggest CAE IC development efforts focus on producing the best possible high-resolution deterministic analyses that can serve as central initial states for CAEs.

Significance Statement

Ensembles of weather model forecasts are composed of different “members” that, when combined, can produce probabilities that specific weather events will occur. Ensemble forecasts begin from specified atmospheric states, called initial conditions. For ensembles where initial conditions differ across members, the initial conditions can be viewed as a set of small perturbations added to a central state provided by a single model field. Our study suggests it is more important to increase horizontal resolution of the central state than resolution of the perturbations when initializing ensemble forecasts with 3-km horizontal grid spacing. These findings suggest a potential for computational savings and a streamlined process for improving high-resolution ensemble initial conditions.
Changing Patterns in Midwestern Farm Trauma: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis
Authors: Staskywicz Zachery , Burchill Kayla , Sahr Sheryl , Sahmoun Abe , Sang Tyler
Published: April 2022

Objectives

The objective is to determine if injury patterns on agricultural workplaces have changed over time.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of farm trauma in Fargo, ND, from 2006 to 2020. Results were compared to historical results from La Crosse, WI, from 1978 to 1983. Patient charts with ICD location and external cause code relating to “farm” were included in the study. Frequencies and relative percentages were computed for each categorical variable. Chi-square tests were performed to determine which categories were significantly different from one another.

Results

Injuries on farms from 395 patients from 2006 to 2020 were compared to injuries from 375 patients from 1978 to 1983. Average age of patients in 2006-2020 was 48 compared to 36 for 1978-1983. There were fewer ISS 1-9, more ISS 10-24, and similar ISS > 25 from 2006 to 2020 compared to 1978-1983. Falls doubled in 2006-2020, 132 compared to 67 in 1978-1983. Injuries from tractors were fewer in 2006-2020, and 63 compared to 89 in 1978-1983. Neurological injuries almost doubled in 2006-2020 compared to 1978-1883, 126 and 61, respectively. All the aforementioned temporal differences were statistically significant with P value < .0001. There were 9 deaths from 2006 to 2020 and 8 deaths from 1978 to 1983.

Conclusion

Injuries on farms today occur in older patients with higher injury severity scores and are more likely to have neurological injuries compared to data from 1978 to 1983. These changing patterns in injuries can help to provide education, direct farm safety programs, and help triage resources to critical access hospitals that care for this patient population.
Need for Routine Screening Prior to Female-to-Male Gender-Affirming Chest Surgery
Authors: Walker Jasmine C. , Sweeting Raeshell S.
Published: April 2022

Recognition of gender diverse individuals and their unique health care needs is increasing. Population-based studies demonstrate numbers of individuals identifying as transgender and gender non-binary is growing, particularly in younger generations. Since the end of Medicare coverage exclusion for gender-affirming surgeries (GASs) and expansion in third-party coverage, patients seeking GAS have increased dramatically.

Gender-affirming chest surgery (GACS) is performed at nearly twice the rate of genital surgery. The average age of patients seeking GAS is 29.8 years. With expansion in GAS availability, more individuals at or near screening age present for chest surgery. Without pre-operative imaging, breast tissue abnormalities may not be discovered until surgical pathology. We present a patient with Paget’s disease of the breast (PDB) discovered after female-to-male gender-affirming chest surgery (FTM GACS) without pre-operative imaging. This case highlights the importance of routine breast surveillance prior to FTM GACS.
An easy, fast, and efficient assay for the quantification of peptide Hepcidin-25 in serum and plasma with LC-MS/MS.
Authors: Punt Arjen. M , Wieman Joëlle C , van der Elst Kim CM , Huitema Alwin DR , Lentjes Eef GWM
Published: April 2022

Background

The peptide hormone hepcidin-25 plays an important role in iron metabolism. Low or high levels of hepcidin-25 are associated with various iron disorders; therefore, hepcidin-25 is an important biomarker. This study describes an easy and fast analytical assay for the quantification of hepcidin-25 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Methods

Sample preparation was performed by protein precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, and injection onto a LC-MS/MS was directly conducted from a LoBind 96-well plate.

Results

The concentration range covered by the quality control samples, ranged from 0.25 nmol/L (12.3% CV) to 11.9 nmol/L (CV < 9%). Matrix effect was limited (mean recovery of 99.9% with a CV of 6.4%). The assay was validated for serum, EDTA and heparin plasma. An international secondary reference material was used for calibration. The reference interval (90% CL) was estimated for hepcidin-25 by analysing serum and plasma samples from 156 healthy subjects with a lower limit: 0.12 (0.07–0.19) and upper limit: 11.2 nmol/L (9.5–13.0).

Conclusions

We present a fast and easy assay for the quantification of hepcidin-25 in serum and plasma samples. The assay was successfully used for the detection of various forms of hereditary haemolytic anaemias, to characterize the interplay between erythropoiesis and iron levels.
Mothers Inside and Out? Pseudo-Families and Motherhood in a Women’s Prison
Authors: Dillavou Julia , Kreager Derek A. , Greenfelder Theodore , Zhang Yiwen
Published: April 2022

The pseudo-family is a longstanding carceral concept, but its existence and characteristics are uncertain in contemporary women’s prisons. This study explores pseudo-family membership and pseudo-motherhood among 132 women incarcerated in a maximum-security prison. Self-reported data reveal that the pseudo-family remains an active concept in the sampled prison, with over half of the surveyed women reporting prison family membership. Pseudo-mothers are perceived as maternal, supportive, and wise by their pseudo-children. Multivariate OLS and logistic regressions suggest that pseudo-mothers had similar relationship quality with, and visitation from, their biological children, compared to other imprisoned mothers. These findings contribute to our understanding of women’s adaptations to incarceration and have implications for family reunification policies.
The Intersection of Gender, Race, and Arrest in the Era of Cannabis Legalization
Authors: Meize Mikala R. , Stohr Mary K. , Willits Dale W. , Solensten Brittany , Hampton Monique M. , Makin David A. , Lovrich Nicholas P. , Hemmens Craig , Stanton Duane L.
Published: April 2022

The War on Drugs resulted in increased arrest rates for women. Most of these arrests have been for low-level offenses, often involving cannabis. As states legalize cannabis, it is important to examine trends in arrests for women in a setting of early cannabis law reform. We examine National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) monthly cannabis arrest rates in Colorado, one of the first two states to legalize cannabis for recreational purposes, from January 2010 through December 2016 using an interrupted time series approach. The interruption is conceptualized as the legalization of recreational marijuana in December 2012. Our results document an immediate statistically significant and sizable drop in cannabis-related arrests for women following legalization. However, troublesome racial and ethnic disparities persist.
Facilitating the Work of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operators Using Artificial Intelligence: An Intelligent Filter for Command-and-Control Maps to Reduce Cognitive Workload
Authors: Zak Yuval , Parmet Yisrael , Oron-Gilad Tal
Published: April 2022

Objective

Evaluating the ability of a Gibsonian-inspired artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to reduce the cognitive workloads of military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) operators.

Background

Military UAV operators use the command-and-control (C2) map for developing mission-relevant situation awareness (SA). Yet C2 maps are overloaded with information, mostly irrelevant to the mission, causing operators to neglect the map altogether. To reduce irrelevant information, an intelligent filtering algorithm was developed. Here we evaluate its effectiveness in reducing operators’ cognitive workloads.

Method

Two-stage operational scenarios were conducted with professional ex-military UAV operators, using two filter protocols and a no-filter control. High-end real-time techniques were used to continuously assess workload from muscle behavior and machine learning models.

Results

Lower cognitive workload was found when applying the algorithm’s protocols, especially when fatigue started to accumulate (Stage II). However, concerns about the quality of SA arose.

Conclusion

The algorithm was positively evaluated for its ability to reduce operators’ cognitive workloads. More evaluations of operators’ SA are required.

Application

The algorithm demonstrates the possibility of integrating AI to improve human performance in complex systems, and can be applied to other domains where spatial-temporal information needs to be contextually filtered in real time.
Odontogenesis by Endocytosis of Peptide Embedding Bioactive Glass Composite
Authors: Lu J. , Liu Z. , Wang K. , Gu M. , Peng X. , Zhang Y. , Chen X. , Chen Y. , Zhang L.
Published: April 2022

Limited therapeutic options are available for treating deep caries. Those materials with potential of a dual effect to remineralize hard tissue and regenerate defective dentin tissues could be used as a new strategy for deep caries treatment. However, the application of the single component remains a challenge mainly because they lack calcium and phosphorus, are easily degraded, and are difficult to retain in the intricate body fluid environment. Considering the abundant source of calcium and phosphorus as well as the delivery performance of mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), an amelogenin-derived peptide (QP5), which has a significant role in hard tissue remineralization, was loaded to fabricate a novel composite. After the synthesis of highly ordered MBG using a sol-gel method, the QP5 peptide was loaded increasingly by its extensive porous structure and enhanced electrostatic absorption. When used in an acidic environment, the MBG/QP5 composite presented pH-responsiveness, releasing therapeutic ions and functional peptides in a sequential cascade, and eventually adjusted the pH to a neutral state. The composite was internalized by dental pulp cells through a clathrin-mediated pathway and influenced by cell membrane lipid raft regulation. It could be also transported through the macro-pinocytotic pathway. Compared to the single treatment of peptide QP5 in 48 h, the composite facilitated a higher level of retention of the intracellular peptides. The composite further promoted migration and odontogenesis of dental pulp cells, including the improved activity of alkaline phosphatase, increased formation of mineralized nodules, and upregulated expression of mineralization-related genes compared to using MBG or QP5 alone. The composite further induced the dentin-like layer in a rat pulp capping model. The results suggested that this intelligent material with pH-responsiveness provides a promising alternative treatment method for biomimetic restoration of deep caries.
Analytic Advances in Social Networks and Health in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Chapman Alexander , Verdery Ashton M. , Moody James
Published: April 2022

The study of social networks is increasingly central to health research for medical sociologists and scholars in other fields. Here, we review the innovations in theory, substance, data collection, and methodology that have propelled the study of social networks and health from a niche subfield to the center of larger sociological and scientific debates. In particular, we contextualize the broader history of network analysis and its connections to health research, concentrating on work beginning in the late 1990s, much of it in this journal. Using bibliometric and network visualization approaches, we examine the subfield’s evolution over this period in terms of topics, trends, key debates, and core insights. We conclude by reflecting on persistent challenges and areas of innovation shaping the study of social networks and health and its intersection with medical sociology in the coming years.
McKern-Stewart method as a technique for analysing age related pubic symphyseal changes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Warrier Varsha , Shedge Rutwik , Krishan Kewal , Kanchan Tanuj
Published: April 2022

Age estimation is one of the essential criteria in the identification process. The method of age estimation employed depends on the availability of skeletal material brought for forensic examination. McKern and Stewart's method constitutes one of the principal approaches towards pubic symphyseal age estimation. The method entails evaluating morphological changes within the pubic symphysis and subsequently allotting a specific score corresponding to the observed changes. Based on the obtained scores, an age range is then assigned to the remains presenting for examination. The present systematic review was undertaken to ascertain the applicability of the McKern-Stewart method for age estimation. Studies pertaining to the use of the McKern-Stewart method for age estimation in skeletal remains were retrieved by keying in a combination of MeSH terms and other free terms from four databases. The retrieved articles were subjected to a stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria, following which the risk of bias was assessed and the overall quality of evidence was established. Once the final tally of relevant articles was obtained, data specific to the mean age corresponding to each score was extracted. Non-parametric tests and boxplots were employed to compare the mean ages reported across multiple studies. The present systematic review concludes that the McKern-Stewart method can be applied for the purpose of age estimation in skeletal remains. Broader age cohorts for higher scores, as well as, overlapping values for age ranges in relation to the cumulative scores, however, can be considered a limitation for its applicability in forensic case work.
Effects of Translanguaging in Online Peer Feedback on Chinese University English-as-a-Foreign-Language Students’ Writing Performance
Authors: Paul Sun Peijian , Jun Zhang Lawrence
Published: April 2022

Peer feedback has long been recognized for its value in improving second language learning outcomes. However, limited attention has been given to the potential influence of translanguaging in the process of online peer feedback on learners’ second language writing performance. To fill the gap, we carried out this mixed-methods study to examine to what extent translanguaging in online peer feedback contributes to improvement in second language writing performance. A total of 79 Chinese English-as-a-foreign-language university students participated in 3 rounds of online peer feedback with a control group using only second language English ( n = 39) and an experimental group adopting translanguaging ( n = 40) in the process of online peer feedback. Six semi-structured interviews were also carried out to solicit participants’ understanding of online peer feedback. The quantitative results revealed that translanguaging online peer feedback, compared to English-only online peer feedback, was significantly more conducive to the improvement of learners’ second language writing performance in the first round of online peer feedback. However, such a significant difference was not observed in the second and third rounds of online peer feedback. The qualitative findings, on the other hand, showed that both conditions of online peer feedback were supported for their own advantages of improving learners’ second language writing. Additionally, the qualitative findings suggested that factors, such as motivation, agency, self-efficacy and translanguaging awareness, should be taken into consideration to enhance students’ translanguaging practice.
Against the Mainstream: On the Limitations of Non-Invariance Diagnostics: Response to Fischer et al. and Meuleman et al.
Authors: Welzel Christian , Kruse Stefan , Brunkert Lennart
Published: April 2022

Our original 2021 SMR article “Non-Invariance? An Overstated Problem with Misconceived Causes” disputes the conclusiveness of non-invariance diagnostics in diverse cross-cultural settings. Our critique targets the increasingly fashionable use of Multi-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA), especially in its mainstream version. We document—both by mathematical proof and an empirical illustration—that non-invariance is an arithmetic artifact of group mean disparity on closed-ended scales. Precisely this arti-factualness renders standard non-invariance markers inconclusive of measurement inequivalence under group-mean diversity. Using the Emancipative Values Index (EVI), OA-Section 3 of our original article demonstrates that such artifactual non-invariance is inconsequential for multi-item constructs’ cross-cultural performance in nomological terms, that is, explanatory power and predictive quality. Given these limitations of standard non-invariance diagnostics, we challenge the unquestioned authority of invariance tests as a tool of measurement validation. Our critique provoked two teams of authors to launch counter-critiques. We are grateful to the two comments because they give us a welcome opportunity to restate our position in greater clarity. Before addressing the comments one by one, we reformulate our key propositions more succinctly.
A Latent Class Analysis of the Antisocial Attitudes Domain of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory
Authors: Costaris Matt , Peterson-Badali Michele , Skilling Tracey A.
Published: April 2022

Antisocial attitudes are a strong predictor of reoffending and frequently incorporated into risk assessment tools, including the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI). However, YLS/CMI Attitudes/Orientation domain items appear to cover different issues—antisocial attitudes and willingness to engage in treatment—which have different implications for case management and service provision. Latent Class Analysis of data from 798 Canadian youth probationers identified four classes based on item endorsement on the Attitudes/Orientation domain: High Overall Attitude Needs (19%), Predominantly Antisocial Attitude Items (20%), Predominantly Lack of Service Engagement (9%), and Low Overall Attitude Needs (52%). Class differences were found on index offense, criminogenic needs, and recidivism, with the High Overall Attitude Needs class presenting as most “negative,” followed by Predominantly Antisocial Attitude Items, Predominantly Lack of Service Engagement, and Low Overall. Understanding attitudes based on this class conceptualization can assist probation officers in targeting services more effectively to justice-involved youth.
Let us entertain you: paramilitary songs and the politics of loyalist cultural production in Northern Ireland
Authors: Millar Stephen R.
Published: April 2022

From the Shankill Defence Association’s Orange-Loyalist Songbook to the UDA’s appropriation of ‘Simply the Best’, music has long been used to celebrate loyalist paramilitaries in Northern Ireland. During the Troubles, loyalist songs served a variety of functions, from community fundraising and entertainment to the transmission of loyalist cultural memory and the articulation of political perspectives ignored by the mainstream media. Yet, in addition to celebrating local practices and political traditions, loyalist songs now feed into a broader ‘culture war’ in Northern Ireland where, in the absence of intercommunal violence, the commemoration of paramilitary groups is used to continue the conflict by other means. This article traces the origins of contemporary loyalism’s culture war against Irish republicans, unravelling the role loyalist songs played during the Troubles and their ongoing legacy.
A promise of listening: migrant justice and the London Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal
Authors: Bassel Leah
Published: April 2022

This article explores the Permanent Peoples’ Tribunal (PPT) hearing, ‘The hostile environment on trial’, which took place in London in 2018. When calling a gathering a ‘people’s tribunal’, certain kinds of listening and attention become possible, which are shaped by specific histories and contexts. The author considers the kinds of listening that took place during the London PPT and what changed as a result. She argues that the legal framing that comes with calling a gathering a ‘tribunal’ both compels and excludes, and the politics of listening for migrant justice within such a space is laden with imperial pitfalls and power relations that must continuously be worked through. Instead of a legal remedy, what results is a social relation – an ‘Us’ created through the mutual effort of organising and participating in the tribunal that can open up different understandings of migrant justice and its connection to wider struggles.