bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Cement Placement on Augmentation of the Osteoporotic Proximal Femur
Authors: Sutter Edward G. , Wall Simon J. , Mears Simon C. , Belkoff Stephen M.
Published: October 2010

Femoroplasty, the augmentation of the proximal femur, has been shown in biomechanical studies to increase the energy required to produce a fracture and therefore may reduce the risk of such injuries. The purpose of our study was to test the hypotheses that: (1) 15 mL of cement was sufficient to mechanically augment the proximal femur, (2) there was no difference in augmentation effect between cement placement in the intertrochanteric region and in the femoral neck, and (3) cement placement in the femoral neck would predispose the proximal femur to an intertrochanteric fracture, whereas trochanteric placement would result in subtrochanteric fractures. In each of 18 pairs of osteoporotic human cadaveric femora, 15 mL of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement was injected into the trochanteric or femoral neck region of 1 femur, and the noninjected femur was used as the control. The augmentation effect of femoroplasty was evaluated under simulated fall conditions using a materials testing machine. Multiple linear regressions incorporating random effects were used to check for associations between covariates (bone mineral density, cement location, and treatment) and the parameters of interest (stiffness, yield energy, yield load, ultimate load, and ultimate energy). Significance was set at P < .05. It was found that femoroplasty with 15 mL of cement did not significantly increase stiffness, yield energy, yield load, ultimate load, or ultimate energy relative to paired controls. There were no significant differences in parameters of interest or fracture patterns in specimens augmented in the femoral neck versus the trochanter. It was concluded that 15 mL of cement was not sufficient to augment the proximal femur and that there was no biomechanical advantage to the placement of cement within the femoral neck versus the trochanter.
Chemical genomic screening reveals synergism between parthenolide and inhibitors of the PI-3 kinase and mTOR pathways
Authors: Hassane Duane C. , Sen Siddhartha , Minhajuddin Mohammad , Rossi Randall M. , Corbett Cheryl A. , Balys Marlene , Wei Liping , Crooks Peter A. , Guzman Monica L. , Jordan Craig T.
Published: October 2010

We have previously shown that the plant-derived compound parthenolide (PTL) can impair the survival and leukemogenic activity of primary human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) stem cells. However, despite the activity of this agent, PTL also induces cellular protective responses that likely function to reduce its overall cytotoxicity. Thus, we sought to identify pharmacologic agents that enhance the antileukemic potential of PTL. Toward this goal, we used the gene expression signature of PTL to identify compounds that inhibit cytoprotective responses by performing chemical genomic screening of the Connectivity Map database. This screen identified compounds acting along the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Compared with single agent treatment, exposure of AML cells to the combination of PTL and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors significantly decreased viability of AML cells and reduced tumor burden in vitro and in murine xenotransplantation models. Taken together, our data show that rational drug combinations can be identified using chemical genomic screening strategies and that inhibition of cytoprotective functions can enhance the eradication of primary human AML cells.
C/EBPα regulated microRNA-34a targets E2F3 during granulopoiesis and is down-regulated in AML with CEBPA mutations
Authors: Pulikkan John A. , Peramangalam Philomina S. , Dengler Viola , Ho Phoenix A. , Preudhomme Claude , Meshinchi Soheil , Christopeit Maximilian , Nibourel Oliver , Müller-Tidow Carsten , Bohlander Stefan K. , Tenen Daniel G. , Behre Gerhard
Published: October 2010

The transcription factor, CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPα), is crucial for granulopoiesis and is deregulated by various mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Mutations in the CEBPA gene are reported in 10% of human patients with AML. Even though the C/EBPα mutants are known to display distinct biologic function during leukemogenesis, the molecular basis for this subtype of AML remains elusive. We have recently showed the significance of deregulation of C/EBPα-regulated microRNA (miR) in AML. In this study, we report that miR-34a is a novel target of C/EBPα in granulopoiesis. During granulopoiesis, miR-34a targets E2F3 and blocks myeloid cell proliferation. Analysis of AML samples with CEBPA mutations revealed a lower expression of miR-34a and elevated levels of E2F3 as well as E2F1, a transcriptional target of E2F3. Manipulation of miR-34a reprograms granulocytic differentiation of AML blast cells with CEBPA mutations. These results define miR-34a as a novel therapeutic target in AML with CEBPA mutations.
Killer Ig–like receptor-mediated control of natural killer cell alloreactivity in haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Moretta Lorenzo , Locatelli Franco , Pende Daniela , Marcenaro Emanuela , Mingari Maria Cristina , Moretta Alessandro
Published: October 2010

Natural killer (NK) cells are key members of the innate immune system. In a self-environment, they sense and kill target cells lacking major histocompatibility complex class I molecules and release various cytokines on activation. The discovery of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I specific inhibitory receptors (including the allotype-specific killer immunoglobulin-like receptors), and of various activating receptors and their ligands, provided the basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of NK-cell activation and function, mainly resulting from the balance between activating and inhibitory signals. In an allogeneic setting, such as T cell–depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, NK cells may express inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors that are not engaged by any of the HLA class I alleles present on allogeneic cells. Such “alloreactive” NK cells greatly contribute both to eradication of leukemia blasts escaping the preparative regimen and to clearance of residual host dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (thus preventing graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection, respectively). Improved prevention of graft-versus-host disease might be achieved by redirecting to lymph nodes adoptively transferred, alloreactive NK cells by inducing CCR7-uptake in vitro. Recent studies suggested that, after immune-suppressive therapy, alloreactive NK cells from an HLA-haploidentical donor may prevent leukemia recurrence also in patients who have not received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Interferon γ limits the effectiveness of melanoma peptide vaccines
Authors: Cho Hyun-Il , Lee Young-Ran , Celis Esteban
Published: October 2010

The development of effective therapeutic vaccines to generate tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) continues to be a top research priority. However, in spite of some promising results, there are no clear examples of vaccines that eradicate established tumors. Most vaccines are ineffective because they generate low numbers of CTLs and because numerous immunosuppressive factors abound in tumor-bearing hosts. We designed a peptide vaccine that produces large numbers of tumor-reactive CTLs in a mouse model of melanoma. Surprisingly, CTL tumor recognition and antitumor effects decreased in the presence of interferon γ (IFNγ), a cytokine that can provide therapeutic benefit. Tumors exposed to IFNγ evade CTLs by inducing large amounts of noncognate major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which limit T-cell activation and effector function. Our results demonstrate that peptide vaccines can eradicate large, established tumors in circumstances under which the inhibitory activities of IFNγ are curtailed.
Primary glomangiosarcoma of the lung: A case report
Authors: Kleontas Athanassios , Barbetakis Nikolaos , Asteriou Christos , Nikolaidou Anastasia , Baliaka Aggeliki , Kokkori Ioanna , Konstantinou Eleftheria , Grigoriou Anna , Antzel Jacob
Published: October 2010

Background

Glomus tumor is an uncommon neoplasm derived from cells of the neuromyoarterial glomus or glomus body. Most glomus tumours occur in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. A case of a primary pulmonary glomus tumour originating in the right upper lobe is presented.

Case presentation

A 74-yr-old male was admitted with siccus cough, dyspnea and right-sided chest pain. Computed tomography of the thorax revealed a 4 cm growth of the right upper lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy demonstrated an endobronchial hypervascular mass causing obstruction of the apical segmental bronchus. Pathology report was consistent with pulmonary glomus tumor. The patient underwent a typical right upper lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection. Twelve months later he is free of disease.

Conclusion

Occasionally glomus tumors can occur in extracutaneous sites such as the gastrointestinal tract, bone, genitourinary system and respiratory tract. Primary pulmonary glomus tumors are very rare (our case is the 19th one presented in the international literature) and are often confused with other solid neoplasms such as carcinoids, hemangiopericytomas and tumors belonging to the family of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumours.
Antitumor Activity of Hu14.18-IL2 in Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Neuroblastoma: A Children's Oncology Group (COG) Phase II Study
Authors: Shusterman Suzanne , London Wendy B. , Gillies Stephen D. , Hank Jacquelyn A. , Voss Stephan D. , Seeger Robert C. , Reynolds C. Patrick , Kimball Jennifer , Albertini Mark R. , Wagner Barrett , Gan Jacek , Eickhoff Jens , DeSantes Kenneth B. , Cohn Susan L. , Hecht Toby , Gadbaw Brian , Reisfeld Ralph A. , Maris John M. , Sondel Paul M.
Published: October 2010

Purpose

The hu14.18-IL2 fusion protein consists of interleukin-2 molecularly linked to a humanized monoclonal antibody that recognizes the GD2 disialoganglioside expressed on neuroblastoma cells. This phase II study assessed the antitumor activity of hu14.18-IL2 in two strata of patients with recurrent or refractory neuroblastoma.

Patients and Methods

Hu14.18-IL2 was given intravenously (12 mg/m2/daily) for 3 days every 4 weeks for patients with disease measurable by standard radiographic criteria (stratum 1) and for patients with disease evaluable only by [123I]metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy and/or bone marrow (BM) histology (stratum 2). Response was established by independent radiology review as well as BM histology and immunocytology, and durability was assessed by repeat evaluation after more than 3 weeks.

Results

Thirty-nine patients were enrolled (36 evaluable). No responses were seen in stratum 1 (n = 13). Of 23 evaluable patients in stratum 2, five patients (21.7%) responded; all had a complete response (CR) of 9, 13, 20, 30, and 35+ months duration. Grade 3 and 4 nonhematologic toxicities included capillary leak, hypoxia, pain, rash, allergic reaction, elevated transaminases, and hyperbilirubinemia. Two patients required dopamine for hypotension, and one patient required ventilatory support for hypoxia. Most toxicities were reversible within a few days of completing a treatment course and were expected based on phase I results.

Conclusion

Patients with disease evaluable only by MIBG and/or BM histology had a 21.7% CR rate to hu14.8-IL2, whereas patients with bulky disease did not respond. Hu14.18-IL2 warrants further testing in children with nonbulky high-risk neuroblastoma.
A Drosophila model for primary coenzyme Q deficiency and dietary rescue in the developing nervous system
Authors: Grant Jennifer , Saldanha José W. , Gould Alex P.
Published: October 2010

Coenzyme Q (CoQ) or ubiquinone is a lipid component of the electron transport chain required for ATP generation in mitochondria. Mutations in CoQ biosynthetic genes are associated with rare but severe infantile multisystemic diseases. CoQ itself is a popular over-the-counter dietary supplement that some clinical and rodent studies suggest might be beneficial for neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we identify mutations in the Drosophila qless gene, which encodes an orthologue of the human PDSS1 prenyl transferase that synthesizes the isoprenoid side chain of CoQ. We show that neurons lacking qless activity upregulate markers of mitochondrial stress and undergo caspase-dependent apoptosis. Surprisingly, even though experimental inhibition of caspase activity did not prevent mitochondrial disruption, it was sufficient to rescue the size of neural progenitor clones. This demonstrates that, within the developing larval CNS, qless activity is required primarily for cell survival rather than for cell growth and proliferation. Full rescue of the qless neural phenotype was achieved by dietary supplementation with CoQ4, CoQ9 or CoQ10, indicating that a side chain as short as four isoprenoid units can provide in vivo activity. Together, these findings show that Drosophila qless provides a useful model for studying the neural effects of CoQ deficiency and dietary supplementation.
MnCl2·4H2O-catalyzed Potential Protocol for the Synthesis of Aryl/Vinyl Sulfides
Authors: Bandaru Madhav , Sabbavarpu Narayana Murthy , Katla Ramesh , Yadavalli Venkata Durga Nageswar
Published: October 2010

MnCl2·4H2O is described as an efficient catalytic system for the cross coupling of aryl/vinyl halides with thiols using KOH as base and DMSO as solvent. By using this new catalytic system various aryl/vinyl sulfides were synthesized in moderate to good yields. Retention of stereochemistry is observed in the case of vinyl sulfides.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Behavior on Concentrated Polymer Brushes Presenting Different Surface Stiffness
Authors: Nam Kwangwoo , Fukaya Rie , Hashimoto Yoshihide , Ito Yukiko , Kimura Tsuyoshi , Kishida Akio
Published: October 2010

The graft density of poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate] (PPEGMA) was controlled using atom transfer radical polymerization to observe the change in the differentiation behavior of stem cells because the alteration in the graft density leads to the altered surface elasticity. However, since the cells do not adhere on the high graft density polymer brush, it is impossible to observe such behavior directly. We therefore immobilized collagen onto polymer brushs with controlled graft density to obtain a surface which is effective for cell adhesion and maintains its different surface matrix elasticity. For the cell adhesion, the human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) adhesion and differentiation was investigated on the surface of collagen-immobilized polymer brush. It was shown that the hMSC spreading tendency was altered by the surface elasticity implying that the behavior of hMSC would be altered by the stiffness of the polymer brush.
Spectroscopic and Quantitative Chemometric Analysis of the Epoxidised Oil/Amine System
Authors: del Río Vanessa , Spegazzini Nicolás , Callao M. Pilar , Larrechi M. Soledad
Published: October 2010

The competitiveness between the oxirane functional group and the ester functional group present in a derivative epoxidised oil was studied by monitoring a model system which involved epoxidised oleic oil and aniline (1:1). The reaction was carried out under isothermal conditions at 95°C and monitored in situ by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. This system is taken as a model of the curing process in the manufacture of epoxy resins from triglycerides and diamines. Conventional spectroscopic analysis and generalised two-dimensional NIR correlation spectroscopy analysis have led to the conclusion that, even though the formation of secondary amines by ring-opening of the oxirane group as a consequence of the nucleophilic attack of the aniline is prior, the formation of amides as a consequence of the ester group reactivity is a competitive reaction. The presence of the two aforementioned reactions is also in accordance with the significant number of factors found when the spectra data matrix was analysed by evolving factor analysis. By applying multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares to the NIR spectra obtained during the reaction, it has been possible to obtain the concentration and the spectra profiles of each chemical species involved in the reaction. The performance of the model was assessed by two parameters: alternating least squares lack of fit (lof = 1.67 %) and explained variance ( R2 = 99.68%). The recovered spectra of the generated products have the characteristic bands associated with the two postulated reactions.
Applying near Infrared Spectroscopy to the Detection of Fruit Fly Eggs and Larvae in Intact Fruit
Authors: Saranwong Sirinnapa , Thanapase Warunee , Suttiwijitpukdee Nattaporn , Rittiron Ronnarit , Kasemsumran Sumaporn , Kawano Sumio
Published: October 2010

The objective of this work was to investigate the potential use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for non-destructive detection of fruit fly eggs and larvae in intact fruit. Mangoes, the major export fruit of Thailand, were used as model samples. The NIR spectra acquired under interactance mode in the short wavelength region of 700 nm to 1100 nm provided the best classification results, compared with spectra taken under the reflectance mode in the long wavelength region from 1100 nm to 2500 nm. The dominant factor in correct classification was the incubation period after infestation. The best classification was achieved using spectra of green mangoes obtained 48 h after infestation, with an error rate of 4.2% (two out of 48) for infested fruit and 0% for the 48 control fruit. Comparing regression coefficient plots of various partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models, it was determined that the most important classification wavelength was near 730 nm, coinciding with a unique peak previously observed in the spectra of dried fruit fly larvae. A universal calibration developed from two mango cultivars produced similar error rates. The results justify development of an automatic classification and sorting system based on NIR imaging technology.
Assessment of Recovered Cotton Fibre and Trash Contents in Lint Cotton Waste by Ultraviolet/Visible/Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Yongliang , Gamble Gary R. , Thibodeaux Devron
Published: October 2010

Lint cleaning at cotton processing facilities is performed in order to reduce the non-lint materials to the lowest level with minimal fibre damage. The resultant waste contains some degree of cotton fibre having equal quality to the fibre in the bale and, hence, is of great concern for operating cost and profit. Traditional methods for measuring the non-lint material, or trash, in the cotton industry, including the Shirley Analyzer and high volume instrumentation, are labour intensive and time consuming. Ultraviolet (UV)/visible/near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, a rapid and easy sampling technique, was examined for its feasibility in determining the relative proportions of recovered cotton fibre and trash in lint cotton waste. Cotton waste was scanned in the region of 220–2500 nm and the reference value was measured by a Shirley Analyzer. Partial least squares regression models were developed in various spectral ranges and then compared. Although there were obvious spectral differences in the visible and NIR regions between trash and cotton fibre, the model performance from a narrow NIR region of 900–1700 nm was nearly equivalent to that from the full 226–2496 nm spectral region. Meanwhile, simple two-band difference algorithms utilising two unique bands were developed and also suggested the effectiveness of two NIR bands, at 900 nm and 1135 nm, in the assessment of fibre and trash components in cotton waste. Furthermore, considering the different sampling species between the reference and spectral measurements, a 90% confidence interval was applied to remove outlier samples from the calibration and validation sets. The recalibrated models revealed the feasibility of the NIR technique for the determination of visible trash and recovered cotton fibre content in lint cotton waste.
Mitral valve prolapse and out-of-hospital sudden death: a case report and literature review
Authors: Franchitto Nicolas , Bounes Vincent , Telmon Norbert , Rougé Daniel
Published: October 2010

The emergency medical services were called to the workplace of a 25-year-old woman who appeared to be dead. The alarm was raised by employees who had found her unconscious at her desk. There was no semi-automatic defibrillator on the premises and no member of staff had received specific training in management of cardiac arrest. External cardiac massage was immediately started as advised by telephone by the emergency physician and ventricular fibrillation was diagnosed on arrival of the medical team. Despite continuous resuscitation, the victim did not revive. The death certificate was signed with a medicolegal objection to burial, leading to an inquiry. Several causes were suggested by the emergency physician who had been called to the patient, and who was unable to account for the death. Autopsy established the diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse. The authors stress that autopsy is imperative and detail the implications of such a procedure.
Determination of Ideal Offset for Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Maher Jason R. , Berger Andrew J.
Published: October 2010

A key design parameter in spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) is the choice of offset distance between the illumination and collection areas. To investigate this choice, we performed SORS measurements on a simple two-layer chemical phantom. We show that while the SORS ratio, or the ratio of signal from the bottom layer to the top layer, monotonically increases with spatial offset, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) does not. Specifically, we show that there exists a specific spatial offset that yields the best SNR for signal originating in the bottom layer of a two-layer sample. We also show that this SNR-optimal offset depends upon the strength of the particular Raman band. This work presents the considerations that should be taken into account when designing optical probes for use in SORS.
Fluorescence Hydrogen Peroxide Probe Based on a Microstructured Polymer Optical Fiber Modified with a Titanium Dioxide Film
Authors: Li Dongdong , Wang Lili
Published: October 2010

A highly sensitive microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF) probe for hydrogen peroxide was made by forming a rhodamine 6G-doped titanium dioxide film on the side walls of array holes in an MPOF. It was found that hydrogen peroxide only has a response to the MPOF probe in a certain concentration of potassium iodide in sulfuric acid solution. The calibration graph of fluorescence intensity versus hydrogen peroxide concentration is linear in the range of 1.6 × 10−7 mol/L to 9.6 × 10−5 mol/L. The method, with high sensitivity and a wide linear range, has been applied to the determination of trace amounts of hydrogen peroxide in a few real samples, such as rain water and contact lens disinfectant, with satisfactory results.
Chemical Identity Testing by Remote-Based Dispersive Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Bugay David E. , Brush Robert C.
Published: October 2010

The advent of robust, rugged, and current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) compliant hand-held Raman spectrometers provides a wealth of opportunities for the analytical pharmaceutical chemist to bring the laboratory to the sample. This paper discusses the use of hand-held Raman spectrometers for the development of qualitative chemical identification methods for a number of well-known pharmaceutical products (tablets and capsules). Methods were developed on two different instruments and transferred to a third instrument for application of the methodology to independently obtained drug products. A novel decision algorithm is presented for the assessment of the correlation between the Raman spectrum of the unknown sample to the spectrum of the authentic reference material. This novel algorithm considers accuracy but more importantly precision (uncertainty/reliability), thus removing human bias that is associated with typical spectral searching approaches. The results presented in this paper show the reliability of developing, validating, and transferring chemical identification assays on hand-held Raman spectrometers.
Trace Molecular Detection via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering and Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering at a Distance of 15 Meters
Authors: Scaffidi Jonathan P. , Gregas Molly K. , Lauly Benoit , Carter J. Chance , Angel S. Michael , Vo-Dinh Tuan
Published: October 2010

We report the first demonstration of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection of para-mercapto benzoic acid (pMBA) and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) detection of brilliant cresyl blue (BCB) and cresyl violet perchlorate (CVP) with continuous-wave excitation from a stand-off distance of 15 meters. We further report the first stand-off SERRS detection of BCB and CVP at that same distance in the presence of ambient fluorescent and incandescent/blackbody background light. These preliminary results suggest that it is possible to detect sub-nanomole amounts of material at reasonable distances with eye-safe laser powers using stand-off SERRS and serve as proof-of-concept highlighting the potential extension of stand-off Raman spectroscopy to include SERS and SERRS for remote, eye-safe chemical detection, analysis, and imaging in the presence of ambient background light.
A Flow System for Generation of Concentration Perturbation in Two-Dimensional Correlation Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: Application to Variable Selection in Multivariate Calibration
Authors: Pereira Claudete Fernandes , Pasquini Celio
Published: October 2010

A flow system is proposed to produce a concentration perturbation in liquid samples, aiming at the generation of two-dimensional correlation near-infrared spectra. The system presents advantages in relation to batch systems employed for the same purpose: the experiments are accomplished in a closed system; application of perturbation is rapid and easy; and the experiments can be carried out with micro-scale volumes. The perturbation system has been evaluated in the investigation and selection of relevant variables for multivariate calibration models for the determination of quality parameters of gasoline, including ethanol content, MON (motor octane number), and RON (research octane number). The main advantage of this variable selection approach is the direct association between spectral features and chemical composition, allowing easy interpretation of the regression models.
The Advantages of an Attenuated Total Internal Reflection Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging Approach for Kidney Biopsy Analysis
Authors: Gulley-Stahl Heather J. , Bledsoe Sharon B. , Evan Andrew P. , Sommer Andre J.
Published: October 2010

The benefits of an attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) imaging approach for kidney biopsy analysis are described. Biopsy sections collected from kidney-stone formers are analyzed at the initial stages of stone development to provide insights into stone growth and formation. The majority of tissue analysis currently conducted with IR microspectroscopy is performed with a transflection method. The research presented in this manuscript demonstrates that ATR overcomes many of the disadvantages of transflection or transmission measurements for tissue analysis including an elimination of spectral artifacts. When kidney biopsies with small mineral inclusions are analyzed with a transflection approach, specular reflection and the Christiansen effect (anomalous dispersion) can occur, leading to spectral artifacts. Another effect specific to the analysis of mineral inclusions present in kidney biopsies is known as the reststrahlen effect whereby the inclusions become strong reflectors near an absorption band. ATR eliminates these effects by immersing the sample in a high index medium. Additionally, the focused beam size for ATR is decreased by a factor of four when a germanium internal reflection element is used, allowing the acquisition of spectra from small mineral inclusions several micrometers in diameter. If quantitative analysis of small mineral inclusions is ultimately desired, ATR provides the photometrically accurate spectra necessary for quantification.
Importance of Biomarkers for Long-Term Mortality Prediction in Acutely Dyspneic Patients
Authors: Januzzi James L , Rehman Shafiq , Mueller Thomas , van Kimmenade Roland RJ , Lloyd-Jones Donald M
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND

Although numerous biomarkers may be prognostically meaningful in patients with acute dyspnea, few comparative analyses have addressed possible associations between a wide range of candidate biomarkers and clinical variables.

METHODS

Vital status was obtained for 517 acutely dyspneic patients at 4 years after emergency department presentation. A wide array of biomarkers was measured in this cohort, including natriuretic peptides, necrosis markers, inflammatory markers, hematologic markers, and renal markers. We performed statistical evaluation by using minimization of the Bayesian information criterion to evaluate predictors of 4-year mortality. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to confirm results from the Bayesian information criterion. A final risk model was derived, and this model was then validated by applying it to patients from a separate cohort of acutely dyspneic patients.

RESULTS

By 4 years, there were 186 deaths (36%). In addition to several clinical variables, several biomarkers were significant predictors of death, including log-transformed concentrations of hemoglobin (hazard ratio=0.77; P < 0.001), soluble ST2 (hazard ratio=1.38; P < 0.001), and amino-terminal pro-B–type natriuretic peptide (hazard ratio=1.19; P < 0.001). Risk models that used these significant variables were accurate in predicting 4-year mortality in both the training and validation sets.

CONCLUSIONS

When added to traditional clinical variables, selected biomarkers added significant value for long-term prognostication in acute dyspnea.
Liberatus von Karthago und die „Drei Kapitel“. Anmerkungen zum Breviarium causae Nestorianorum et Eutychianorum 8-10
Authors: Heil Uta
Published: October 2010

The analysis of Breviarium 8-10 shows that Liberatus shares his positive view of Cyril with some of his sources. In his eyes, Cyril's theology is that of 433, so the later Miaphysites lack their leading figure. Liberatus concentrates upon Alexandria while he ignores the perspective of the other capitals like Antioch, Constantinople or even Rome. His perspective is typically Western, so Cyril's theology is in full accordance with the Tomus Leonis. For the Three-Chapters-Controversy only Theodore of Mopsuestia seems to be important.
Das Konzil von Chalkedon in der Darstellung des Liberatus von Karthago (Breviarium 11-14)
Authors: Wallraff Martin
Published: October 2010

The analysis of Breviarium 11-14 raises various questions, e.g. why the theology of Chalcedon is nearly missing. Neither the Chalcedonense nor the Tomus Leonis are quoted. Only the position of Eutyches and that of Flavian become clear. Thus the tendency of the Breviarium seems to be sceptical towards interpretations according to which the Christological debate can be seen as victory of a clear position of the bishops of Rome. Even the canons of Chalcedon (with canon 28) are located on a wrong place in the narrative order, but here Liberatus follows only his sources.
Modellierung von Unsicherheiten und Zustandsschätzung mit Mengen von Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichten
Authors: Noack Benjamin , Klumpp Vesa , Lyons Daniel , Hanebeck Uwe D.
Published: October 2010

Die systematische Behandlung von Unsicherheiten stellt eine wesentliche Herausforderung in der Informationsfusion dar. Einerseits müssen geeignete Darstellungsformen für die Unsicherheiten bestimmt werden und andererseits darauf aufbauend effiziente Schätzverfahren hergeleitet werden. Im Allgemeinen wird zwischen stochastischen und mengenbasierten Unsicherheitsbeschreibungen unterschieden. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Verfahren zur Zustandsschätzung vor, welches simultan stochastische und mengenbasierte Fehlergrößen berücksichtigen kann, indem unsichere Größen nicht mehr durch eine einzelne Wahrscheinlichkeitsdichte, sondern durch eine Menge von Dichten repräsentiert werden. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt hier auf den Vorteilen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Unsicherheitsbeschreibung.
Modellbasierte Quellenverfolgung in räumlich ausgedehnten Phänomenen mittels Sensoreinsatzplanung
Authors: Kuwertz Achim , Huber Marco F. , Sawo Felix , Hanebeck Uwe D.
Published: October 2010

Bewegte Quellen können durch Emission räumlich ausgedehnte Phänomene wie beispielsweise Schadstoff- oder Temperaturverteilungen erzeugen. Zur Lokalisierung von Quellen mit unbekannter Position stehen in vielen Aufgabenstellungen Informationen nur indirekt durch die verteilte Vermessung des induzierten Phänomens zur Verfügung — etwa unter Verwendung stationärer oder mobiler Sensoren. Dieser Beitrag stellt modellbasierte Verfahren für eine echtzeitfähige Lokalisierung und Verfolgung von bewegten Quellen vor. Zur gezielten Maximierung des Informationsgehalts der Messungen wird dabei eine vorausschauende Sensoreinsatzplanung genutzt, welche eine hohe Lokalisierungsgüte bei geringem Aufwand ermöglicht.
Anomalieerkennung in Tracking-Datenbanken
Authors: Schüller Gereon , Koch Wolfgang , Biermann Joachim , Behrend Andreas , Manthey Rainer
Published: October 2010

Trackingsysteme stellen Bewegungsinformationen über Objekte zur Verfügung. Diese Bewegungsinformationen können mit zusätzlichen Daten kombiniert werden, um Higher-Level-Fusionssysteme zu konstruieren, die zur Erkennung von Verhaltens- und Bedrohungsmustern dienen und somit zur Situation Awareness beitragen. Muster, die interessante Situationen charakterisieren, können sich von Zeit zu Zeit ändern und hängen von der spezifischen Fragestellung ab. In diesem Artikel stellen wir eine Methode vor, Datenbanksysteme als zentrale Komponente in einem Higher-Level-Fusionssystem zur Entdeckung spezieller Situationen zu verwenden. Es wird eine Systemarchitektur präsentiert, die kommerzielle relationale Datenbankmanagementsysteme nutzt. Schließlich wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, Muster zur Anomalieerkennung in Trackingszenarien mittels Relationaler Algebra auszudrücken.
Influence of preterm birth and small birth size on serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in young adult women
Authors: Kerkhof G F , Leunissen R W J , Willemsen R H , de Jong F H , Visser J A , Laven J S E , Hokken-Koelega A C S
Published: October 2010

Background/objectives

Preterm birth has been associated with reduced reproduction rates, and controversies remain regarding the effect of being born small for gestational age (SGA) on ovarian function. Recent findings in young men showed no effect of preterm and SGA birth on testis function. We hypothesised that follicle pool size in young adult women is also not affected by preterm and SGA birth.

Design/methods

In 279 young women of the PROGRAM/PREMS study, aged 18–24 years, the influence of gestational age, birth length and birth weight on serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was analysed with multiple regression modelling. Additionally, AMH levels were analysed in preterm- versus term-born females and in three subgroups: females born SGA with either short stature or catch-up growth (SGA-CU), and females born term and appropriate for gestational age with normal stature (AGA controls).

Results

Preterm and SGA birth did not affect AMH and other hormone levels. Older age at menarche and oral contraceptive pill use (OC-use) were related to lower AMH levels, and maternal smoking during gestation was related to higher AMH levels. After correction for maternal smoking, lower socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with lower AMH levels. In subgroup comparisons, SGA-CU women showed higher AMH levels than AGA controls, also after adjustment for several factors.

Conclusion

Preterm and SGA birth did not affect AMH levels. Factors associated with serum AMH levels were OC-use, age at menarche, maternal smoking during gestation and SES. We conclude that preterm- and/or SGA-born females are not likely to have a reduced follicle pool size.
Role of laparoscopy in the treatment of early endometrial cancer
Authors: Langmár Zoltán , Szabó István
Published: October 2010

Az endometriumcarcinoma a leggyakoribb nőgyógyászati daganat. A sebészi kezelés hagyományosan laparotomia útján történik, de korai stádiumú betegség esetén a laparoszkópos módszerek is egyre szélesebb körben elfogadottá válnak. A tanulmányokban a túlélésre és kiújulásra vonatkozó adatok laparoszkópia és laparotomia esetében megegyeznek, míg az előbbi esetében lényegesen alacsonyabb műtéti morbiditásról és rövidebb lábadozási időről számoltak be. Magas szintű jártasság birtokában, az említett előnyök miatt, a laparoszkópia megfelelő kezelési alternatíva korai méhtestrák esetében. Összefoglaló közleményünkben a laparoszkópia korai stádiumú méhtestrák kezelésében betöltött szerepével foglalkozunk. Orv. Hetil., 2010,
42,
1748–1752.
Risk-stratified screening for diabetes in adolescents: results of the first investigation in Hungary
Authors: Barkai László , Madácsy László
Published: October 2010

A 2-es típusú cukorbetegség gyakorisága gyermek- és serdülőkorban világszerte növekszik. A vércukor eltéréseinek korai felismerése a 2-es típusú diabetes prognózisának javítása szempontjából kiemelt jelentőséggel bír, hiszen a lehetséges beavatkozások a fiatal korosztályban vezethetnek leginkább eredményre.
Célkitűzés:
A szénhidrátanyagcsere-eltérések gyakoriságának felmérése céljából tünetmentes, de diabetes szempontjából fokozott kockázatú serdülők körében a Magyar Diabetes Társaság az országban először szűrővizsgálatot végzett az alapellátásban dolgozók részvételével.
Módszerek:
Hatszázhatvan, 12–18 éves, általános gyermekgyógyászati praxisban megjelenő serdülő vett részt a felmérésben. A 2-es típusú diabetes kockázatfelmérése az Amerikai Diabetes Társaság ajánlása alapján összeállított kérdőív segítségével történt. A fokozott kockázattal rendelkező serdülők (túlsúly plusz 2 további kockázati tényező jelenléte) esetében éhomi plazmaglükóz-meghatározás és OGTT-vizsgálat történt, és az eredmények értékelésére a WHO-kritériumok szerint került sor.
Eredmények:
A 660 serdülő közül 285 esetében a fokozott diabeteskockázat megállapítható volt a kérdőív alapján (életkor: 15,2±1,8 év, BMI: 30,2±4,2 kg/m
2
, 141 fiú). A fokozott kockázattal bíró serdülők közül 16 (5,61%) esetben a glükózintolerancia valamilyen formáját igazolni lehetett: 4 esetben (1,40%) IFG, 5 esetben (1,75%) IFG+IGT, 6 (2,11%) esetben IGT és 1 (0,35%) esetben 2-es típusú diabetes. A klinikai paraméterekkel való kapcsolatok vizsgálata alapján a BMI-növekedés bizonyult a diabeteskockázat legerősebb prediktorának [OR (95% CI): 1,2160 (1,1740–1,2580), p<0,0001].
Következtetés:
A cukorbetegség szűrése a gyermekgyógyászati alapellátásban tünetmentes, de fokozott kockázatú serdülők körében egyszerű és hatékony módja a szénhidrátanyagcsere-eltérések korai felismerésének. A serdülők kockázatalapú szűrését hazánkban ösztönözni kell, amelyet az alapellátásban célszerű megvalósítani. Orv. Hetil., 2010,
42,
1742–1747.
Uterine leiomyoma
Authors: Csatlós Éva , Rigó jr. János , Szabó István , Nagy Zsolt , Joó József Gábor
Published: October 2010

A leiomyoma, a méh benignus, simaizom-eredetű daganata, a méheltávolítás leggyakoribb javallatát képezi világszerte. A tumor a nők akár 20–25%-ában is kialakulhat, olyan tüneteket okozva, mint vérzészavar, alhasi fájdalom, esetenként infertilitás. A kezelés fő irányát mind a mai napig a sebészi terápia jelenti, ugyanakkor mind több csekély invazivitású eljárás áll rendelkezésre, amelyek a hysterectomia és myomectomia alternatíváját jelentik. Ezen módszerek legnagyobb hátrányát az alkalmazásukat követően a recidívák kialakulása jelenti. Léteznek a gyógyszeres terápia lehetőségei is; ezek használatát azonban korlátozzák a hosszú távú kezelés kapcsán várható mellékhatások. A szerzők tanulmányukkal áttekintést nyújtanak e gyakori nőgyógyászati betegségről, amelynek biológiai-genetikai alapjait jobban megismerve a kezelés új és hatékony lehetőségei válhatnak a klinikusok számára elérhetővé. Orv. Hetil., 2010,42,1734–1741.
Asphalt mixtures with construction and demolition debris
Authors: Pérez I. , Gallego J. , Toledano M. , Taibo J.
Published: October 2010

This paper reports on research into the technical viability of the use of construction and demolition debris in hot-mix asphalt. A semi-dense and a coarse asphalt mixture were studied, both containing 50% recycled aggregate from construction and demolition debris. Two control mixtures were also studied, similar in grading but not containing recycled aggregates. It was shown that the mixtures containing recycled aggregates were more open graded and had considerable potential for stripping, a characteristic that can be related to the high water absorption level of the mortar adhered to the recycled aggregates. It was also shown that the dynamic modulus was higher in the mixtures made with recycled aggregates, particularly in the semi-dense asphalts. Whereas a deterioration of the fatigue law was observed in the semi-dense mixtures, this property did not appear to worsen in the coarse mixtures. This meant it was possible to design structural sections for flexible pavements bearing medium or low volumes of traffic with a service life comparable with that of conventional materials. Nevertheless, further research is required as, for the time being, the lack of resistance to water action casts doubt on the use of asphalt mixtures incorporating these types of recycled aggregate.
Runoff infiltration through permeable block pavements
Authors: Hassani A. , Mohammad S. , Ghoddusi P.
Published: October 2010

A permeable concrete block pavement is a mainstream type of pavement that is suitable for trafficking and also acts as the drainage system. It allows water to pass through the surface, between each block, and into the laying course and sub-base where it is stored and released slowly into the subgrade. Permeable concrete block pavements are very effective at removing pollution from runoff, when water passes through the joint and sand layers. The estimation of infiltration rate through a permeable concrete block pavement is very important in order to prevent the water from ponding on the surface. In the present study a new laboratory test apparatus was built to simulate the actual conditions of permeable block pavements based on various parameters including the type of sand materials, thickness of the block and the joint width, and a correlation was achieved for the infiltration rate through the joint sand. The results are of value to designers wishing to control and prevent surface runoff water and compare the intensity of the rainfall with the infiltration rate through the permeable concrete block pavement.
The measurement and modelling of proximal safety measures
Authors: Archer J. , Young W.
Published: October 2010

Safety in the traffic system is often measured by the number and severity of traffic crashes. This long-standing approach has established the use of crash data as an accepted measure of the lack of safety. There is, however, a distinct need for faster, more informative, and more resource-effective methods that yield valid and reliable safety measures and a foundation for predictive modelling. This paper is primarily concerned with traffic safety assessment and prediction based on proximal safety indicators and associated measurement techniques. It reviews the concepts and methods related to three different proximal safety indicators: time-to-accident, time-to-collision and post-encroachment-time. It shows how they can be measured using field data. Similar measures can also be obtained from simulation modelling. The use of simulation models for measuring and predicting intersection safety offers considerable potential for proactive safety analysis.
Bend scour protection using riprap
Authors: Martín-Vide J. P. , Roca M. , Alvarado-Ancieta C. A.
Published: October 2010

This paper presents laboratory tests using riprap as a countermeasure for river bend scouring. The bank is a vertical wall in a sharp bend. The riprap is a horizontal apron extended at the toe of this wall. The aims of the tests are to describe the behaviour of riprap in sharp bend flow and to examine how the main flow characteristics are affected by the riprap behaviour. The experimental results show that flexible riprap is able to adapt to bed deformation in river bends by tilting, spreading and paving a transverse slope which ensures that the bank remains protected. Even a blanket located at the initial bed elevation provides efficient protection if it is thick enough. The tests also show that the mainstream velocity and shear stress above the riprap increase after riprap adaptation.
Cedric Masey White and his solution to the pipe flow problem
Authors: Hager W. H.
Published: October 2010

Cedric Masey White is a notable British hydraulician of the twentieth century, having particularly contributed to the pipe flow problem in collaboration with his PhD student Cyril Frank Colebrook. Their solution is currently accepted universally, although some particular questions remain as yet unresolved. This biographical work further introduces the professional background of White during his stays at King's College and Imperial College, London, where he became one of the most renowned British hydraulicians mainly because he introduced the post graduate course in hydraulics after World War II. This work also describes how the author was able to find White's daughter in Canada, and how she kindly gave her support in terms of photographs and biographical details. A well-known figure in the field of hydraulics is therefore finally given acknowledgement by an adequate biography.
Sizing of riprap for spill-through abutments
Authors: Cardoso A. H. , Simarro G. , Le Doucen O. , Schleiss A.
Published: October 2010

An experimental investigation of riprap stability at spill-through abutments has been carried out in two similar horizontal-bed flumes, avoiding riprap failure modes other than shear failure and erosion failure. Tests were conducted for two common abutment side slopes, sub-critical flow regime, short to intermediate abutment lengths and high bed roughness. The aim of the experiments was to determine the size of stone riprap necessary to resist (a) shear failure in aprons placed at the base of spill-through abutments, and (b) erosion failure over their side slopes. Results are compared with predictions of stone riprap size given by expressions found in the literature. The predictor of Pagán–Ortiz is confirmed as being appropriate for shear failure at abutment aprons and can be adapted to account for erosion failure over abutment side slopes. Alternatively, two new expressions, written in terms of the (critical) approach flow intensity required to make the riprap stones move, are suggested.