bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rotation center calibration based on line laser rotating platform
Authors: Lei Doudou , Liu Baolong , Yao Huimin
Published: January 2020

Line lasers are of great significance in many fields such as industrial inspection, machine vision, cultural relics identification, mechanical design, and medical oral cavity. The three-dimensional reconstruction of the line laser can accurately obtain the three-dimensional information of the surface of the object, and quickly complete the three-dimensional contour reconstruction of the object to be tested. In the online laser rotation scanning, the object rotates around a certain point, which is a rotation center, and the calibration of the rotation center is the main factor that restricts the accuracy of the three-dimensional contour. At present, the calibration of the center of rotation is mainly obtained by the characteristics of a circle (ball, cylinder, cone, etc.). This paper mainly introduces the basic process of rotating scanning, rotating center, and rotating methods as well as their advantages and disadvantages. First, the basic process of rotating scanning is briefly introduced. Secondly, the definition and content of the rotating center are introduced. Then, the calibration methods of three rotating centers (ellipse fitting method, symmetry method, plane fitting method) are introduced. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the three calibration methods and their respective applications are summarized.
A Survey of Calibration Methods for Traditional Cameras Based on Line Structure Light
Authors: Wu Ruixia , Liu Baolong , Yao Huimin
Published: January 2020

The line structure light three-dimensional reconstruction system is a kind of three-dimensional non-contact measurement system, which has the advantages of high precision, high speed, small damage to objects and strong adaptability. Camera calibration is a major factor that constrains the accuracy of 3D measurement systems. The camera calibration is based on the pinhole imaging model, and through a series of complex calculations, the camera’s internal parameters (focal length, distortion coefficient) and external parameters (rotation matrix and translation vector). The different calibration methods use different calibration targets, which can be divided into 3D calibration targets, 2D calibration targets, and one-dimensional calibration targets according to the characteristics of the calibration targets. This paper mainly discusses: calibration content and significance, calibration methods for different targets and evaluation methods for calibration of different targets. Firstly, the content and significance of calibration are expounded. Then, according to different calibration targets, the calibration algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the calibration algorithm is analyzed and summarized, and the development trends, advantages and disadvantages of different calibration methods are pointed out.
Research on IPv6 Address Space and Super IP Upgrade
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Xiaodong
Published: January 2020

The IPv6 address space design is not a 128-bit address space that people think. Its special address structure leads IPv6 to go through three significantly different transitional versions if it is really implement 128bits address space. The transition between the three versions is the same as going through three different IP protocols from IPv4 to IPv6. It is often unscientific to say that IPv6 can assign an IP address to every grain of sand on the planet. This paper studies the IPv6 address space structure, MAC address and upgrade, and proposes a super IP upgrade method, and strives to achieve Internet address upgrade at the lowest cost to meet the needs of human production and life.
Research on the Technology of Assign IP Address to the Connected Computer Based IPV9
Authors: Wang Hui , Liu Lingwen , Yu Zhikai , Li Ming
Published: January 2020

With the widely application of Internet and the distribution is not reasonable in the beginning, the IPv4 address space is becoming less and less and there are fewer available IP addresses, in order to expand the address space, IPv6 was appeared, but it did not consider the network security in the first designing and have some shortcomings, it has not widely used in the world in its 20 years. LETF proposed some basic dreams of IPv9 in 1994, and looked forward to the idea of network in the 21st century. However, due to the lack of research results of basic theories, technical problems of address exhaustion and layering, and development costs and other factors, it failed publicly. The IPv9 working group was disbanded in 1997. On the basis of previous studies, Chinese scholar and research team proposed a new Internet architecture by using the decimal system (or the whole digital code) to assign IP addresses to the connected computers. This paper will research on the countless address of the new generation Internet - IPV9, and describe the characteristics of the new technology
Application of Wireless Return Topology Planning Based on K-Means
Authors: Yang Weixia , Li He , Chen Yuan , Xu Fei
Published: January 2020

With the development of communication technology and the general trend of interconnection and intercommunication, people’s demand for high-quality information and communication is increasing day by day. Therefore, the intensive deployment of base stations has become the development trend of the construction of a new generation of communication network. In this paper, in order to solve the urban and rural electric scenarios such as traditional transport unreachable problem, on the basis of the operator site cost at the same time, keep the quality of signal transmission, give full play to the advantages of the traditional planning concept and artificial intelligence algorithm, integrated “pieces”, “step by step optimization”, “local optimal”, “the results of reverse”, such as ideas, set up a wireless back mathematical analysis model of network topology programming problem.

The purpose of this paper is to reduce the cost and reduce the return path loss. Aiming at the lower cost problem, a local optimal model is constructed. First division, through the K - Means algorithm is divided into K, for each region is also based on K - Means algorithm is further split into its n tribal groups, limited each tribal group one and only one host station, recently to tribal group of perimeter centroid position of butterfly stand stand as a host, the rest of the site as a child, according to the type of tribal group of judge whether the number of sub station meet the qualification, if not satisfied, change the K value and the adjustable radius, respectively, until meet the qualification, the best solution is calculated. For the lower return path loss problem, if only the loss problem is considered, the loss result is obtained by changing the distance between the first jump and the second jump based on the model. Through the comparison of the results, the best scheme is obtained when only loss is considered.
Design of a Vibration Detection Terminal
Authors: Chen Guoshao , Xu Fei
Published: January 2020

By detecting the vibration of bridge deck, the information of passing vehicles can be obtained indirectly, which is of great significance to grasp the dynamics of the enemy. In this paper, a micro-power wireless vibration detection terminal is designed. In order to reduce the overall power consumption of the terminal, which use two sensors, one is spring switch and another is acceleration sensor. When no vehicle passes by, the terminal is in a dormant state. When a vehicle passes by, the spring switch wakes up the CPU and the acceleration sensor to collect data. ZigBee network is used for data transmission, which has the advantages of low power consumption and ad hoc network. Experiments show that the average power consumption of the terminal is less than 7 mW. If the terminal is powered by 3.6v, 36AH lithium battery, In theory, it can work for at least two years.
Changes in delinquency according to socioeconomic status among Finnish adolescents from 2000 to 2015
Authors: Knaappila Noora , Marttunen Mauri , Fröjd Sari , Lindberg Nina , Kaltiala-Heino Riittakerttu
Published: January 2020

Background:Scientific literature suggests that the prevalence of delinquency amongst adolescents has decreased internationally in past decades. However, whether this change is consistent across all socioeconomic groups has not yet been studied.

Objective:The aim of this study was to examine changes in delinquency amongst Finnish adolescents according to socioeconomic status between 2000 and 2015.

Method:A population-based school survey was conducted biennially amongst 14-16-year-old Finns between 2000 and 2015 (n= 761,278). Distributions for delinquency and socioeconomic adversities (low parental education, not living with both parents and parental unemployment in the past year) were calculated using crosstabs. Associations between delinquency, time, and socioeconomic adversities were studied using binomial logistic regression results shown by odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals.

Results:Delinquency was positively associated with all three socioeconomic adversities studied and cumulative socioeconomic adversity. Although the prevalence of delinquency varied only slightly between 2000 and 2015 in the overall population, it increased significantly amongst adolescents with most socioeconomic adversities.

Conclusions:The findings indicate that socioeconomic differences in delinquency have increased amongst Finnish adolescents in past decades. Delinquency prevention and intervention programs should take socioeconomic adversities into account.
Dysmetabolic Iron Overload in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sachinidis Alexandros , Doumas Michael , Imprialos Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Konstantinos , Katsimardou Alexandra , Athyros Vasilios G.
Published: January 2020

Background:

We sought to determine the association of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS)
with metabolic syndrome (MetS).

Methods:

Several studies have shown that DIOS is associated with Mets, mainly through the pathogenesis of its
components: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), essential hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
and polycystic ovary syndrome (POS).

Results:

Serum ferritin levels increase proportionally according to the degree of insulin resistance (IR) and the
number of components of Mets. Moreover, DIOS predicts the onset of T2DM and NAFLD. Dysregulation of iron
metabolism in DIOS is due to a multifactorial and dynamic process triggered by an unhealthy diet, facilitated by
environmental and genetic cofactors, and resulting in a bidirectional relation between the liver and visceral adipose
tissue (VAT). Iron removal combined with a healthy diet improved both insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function,
but had no significant effect on blood glucose; however, phlebotomy therapy might be considered with
conflicting results.

Conclusion:

Iron overload is closely associated with metabolic syndrome and its components; however, it remains
under-appreciated in everyday clinical practice. Diet and lifestyle modification offer some clinical benefit;
however, it is not adequate for successful management of the disease. The results of phlebotomy remain controversial,
underlying the necessity of further efforts in this field.
Wnt/beta-catenin and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma: Two Main Targets for Drug Design: A Review
Authors: Shahcheraghi Seyed H. , Tchokonte-Nana Venant , Lotfi Marzieh , Lotfi Malihe , Ghorbani Ahmad , Sadeghnia Hamid R.
Published: January 2020

:

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant astrocytic glioma, accounting for about 90%
of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Despite recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms of
oncogenesis and the improved neuroimaging technologies, surgery, and adjuvant treatments, the clinical prognosis
of patients with GBM remains persistently unfavorable. The signaling pathways and the regulation of growth
factors of glioblastoma cells are very abnormal. The various signaling pathways have been suggested to be involved
in cellular proliferation, invasion, and glioma metastasis. The Wnt signaling pathway with its pleiotropic
functions in neurogenesis and stem cell proliferation is implicated in various human cancers, including glioma. In
addition, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is closely related to growth, metabolism, survival, angiogenesis, autophagy,
and chemotherapy resistance of GBM. Understanding the mechanisms of GBM’s invasion, represented by
invasion and migration, is an important tool in designing effective therapeutic interventions. This review will
investigate two main signaling pathways in GBM: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Evidence for a Thrombophilic State?
Authors: Spinosa Margaret , Stine Jonathan G.
Published: January 2020

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the leading cause of liver disease worldwide. It has expansive extrahepatic
morbidity and mortality including increased rates of both cardiovascular disease and venous thromboembolism.
Derangements in primary, secondary and tertiary hemostasis are found in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
independent of those ascribed to end-stage liver disease. The abnormalities across all stages of hemostasis explain
the increased rates of clinically relevant thrombotic events, including pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis
and portal vein thrombosis, which on an epidemiologic basis appears to be independent of obesity and other traditional
venous thromboembolic risk factors. However, given the complex interaction between obesity, body composition
and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the potential for exercise to benefit all three, more research is
needed to further define the role of each in contributing to the prohemostatic state of nonalcoholic fatty liver
disease in order to improve patient oriented outcomes.
The Main Targets Involved in Neuroprotection for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson Disease
Authors: Gülcan Hayrettin O. , Orhan Ilkay E.
Published: January 2020

With respect to the total cure failure of current drugs used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases,
alternative strategies are followed. Particularly, neuroprotection approaches are questioned. Metal chelation,
antioxidant towards oxidative stress, modulation of the amyloidogenic pathway, MAO-B inhibition, and
NMDA receptor antagonism is more or less typical examples. Some of the representative drug candidates with
promising neuroprotective features are assessed in clinical trials. Although initial attempts were found hopeful,
none of the candidates have been found successful in each required clinical trials, particularly depending on the
failures in terms of cognitive enhancement and slowing the progressive characteristics of neurodegenerative diseases.
Today, neuroprotection is evaluated using multi-target ligand-based drug design studies. Within this study,
the clinical outcomes of these studies, the rationale behind the design of the molecules are reviewed concomitant
to the representative drug candidates of each group.
Experimental Models for the Discovery of Novel Anticonvulsant Drugs: Focus on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures and Associated Memory Deficits
Authors: Alachkar Alaa , Ojha Shreesh K. , Sadeq Adel , Adem Abdu , Frank Annika , Stark Holger , Sadek Bassem
Published: January 2020

:

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by irregular, excessive neuronal excitability,
and recurrent seizures that affect millions of patients worldwide. Currently, accessible antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)
do not adequately support all epilepsy patients, with around 30% patients not responding to the existing therapies.
As lifelong epilepsy treatment is essential, the search for new and more effective AEDs with an enhanced safety
profile is a significant therapeutic goal. Seizures are a combination of electrical and behavioral events that can
induce biochemical, molecular, and anatomic changes. Therefore, appropriate animal models are required to
evaluate novel potential AEDs. Among the large number of available animal models of seizures, the acute pentylenetetrazole
(PTZ)-induced myoclonic seizure model is the most widely used model assessing the anticonvulsant
effect of prospective AEDs, whereas chronic PTZ-kindled seizure models represent chronic models in which the
repeated administration of PTZ at subconvulsive doses leads to the intensification of seizure activity or enhanced
seizure susceptibility similar to that in human epilepsy. In this review, we summarized the memory deficits accompanying
acute or chronic PTZ seizure models and how these deficits were evaluated applying several behavioral
animal models. Furthermore, major advantages and limitations of the PTZ seizure models in the discovery of
new AEDs were highlighted. With a focus on PTZ seizures, the major biochemicals, as well as morphological
alterations and the modulated brain neurotransmitter levels associated with memory deficits have been illustrated.
Moreover, numerous medicinal compounds with concurrent anticonvulsant, procognitive, antioxidant effects,
modulating effects on several brain neurotransmitters in rodents, and several newly developed classes of compounds
applying computer-aided drug design (CADD) have been under development as potential AEDs. The
article details the in-silico approach following CADD, which can be utilized for generating libraries of novel
compounds for AED discovery. Additionally, in vivo studies could be useful in demonstrating efficacy, safety,
and novel mode of action of AEDs for further clinical development.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Medium Rescues LPS-Impaired ENaC Activity in Mouse Trachea via WNK4 Pathway
Authors: Hou Yapeng , Zhou Zhiyu , Liu Hongfei , Zhang Honglei , Ding Yan , Cui Yong , Nie Hongguang
Published: January 2020

Background:

Airway epithelium plays an essential role in maintaining the homeostasis and function of
respiratory system as the first line of host defense. Of note, epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is one of the victims
of LPS-induced airway injury. Regarding the great promise held by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for
regenerative medicine in the field of airway injury and the limitations of cell-based MSCs therapy, we focused on
the therapeutic effect of MSCs conditioned medium (MSCs-CM) on the ENaC activity in mouse tracheal epithelial
cells.

Methods:

Ussing chamber apparatus was applied to record the short-circuit currents in primary cultured mouse
tracheal epithelial cells, which reflects the ENaC activity. Expressions of α and γ ENaC were measured at the
protein and mRNA levels by western blot and real-time PCR, respectively. The expression of with-no-lysinekinase-
4 (WNK4) and ERK1/2 were measured at protein levels, and the relationship between WNK4 and ERK1/2
was determined by WNK4 knockdown.

Results:

MSCs-CM restored the LPS-impaired ENaC activity, as well as enhanced the mRNA and protein expressions
of ENaC in primary cultured mouse tracheal epithelial cells. Meanwhile, WNK4 and ERK1/2, both
negative-regulators of ENaC, were suppressed accordingly after the administration of MSCs-CM in LPS-induced
airway injury. After WNK4 gene was knocked down by siRNA, the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation decreased.

Conclusion:

In light of the key role of ENaC in fluid reabsorption and the beneficial effects of MSCs-CM in the
injury of airway epithelium, our results suggest that MSCs-CM is effective in alleviating LPS-induced ENaC
dysfunction through WNK4-ERK1/2 pathway, which will provide a potent direction for the therapy of airway
injury.
Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Hepatocytes and their Culturing Methods to Maintain Liver Functions for Pharmacokinetics and Safety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Inoue Tomoaki , Iwazaki Norihiko , Araki Tetsuro , Hitotsumachi Hiroko
Published: January 2020

Human hepatocytes are essential cell types for pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation
of pharmaceuticals. However, widely used primary hepatocytes with individual variations in liver
function lose those functions rapidly in culture. Hepatic cell lines are convenient to use but have low
liver functions. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) cells can be expanded and potentially differentiated
into any cell or tissue, including the liver. HiPS cell-derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells (hiPSHeps)
are expected to be extensively used as consistent functional human hepatocytes. Many laboratories
are investigating methods of using hiPS cells to differentiate hepatocytes, but the derived cells still
have immature liver functions. In this paper, we describe the current uses and limitations of conventional
hepatic cells, evaluating the suitability of hiPS-Heps to pharmacokinetics and the safety evaluation
of pharmaceuticals, and discuss the potential future use of non-conventional non-monolayer culture
methods to derive fully functional hiPS-Heps.
Gut Dysbiosis Dysregulates Central and Systemic Homeostasis via Suboptimal Mitochondrial Function: Assessment, Treatment and Classification Implications
Authors: Anderson George , Maes Michael
Published: January 2020

:

The gut and mitochondria have emerged as two important hubs at the cutting edge of research
across a diverse array of medical conditions, including most psychiatric conditions. This article highlights
the interaction of the gut and mitochondria over the course of development, with an emphasis on
the consequences for transdiagnostic processes across psychiatry, but with relevance to wider medical
conditions. As well as raised levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) arising from increased gut
permeability, the loss of the short-chain fatty acid, butyrate, is an important mediator of how gut dysbiosis
modulates mitochondrial function. Reactive cells, central glia and systemic immune cells are also
modulated by the gut, in part via impacts on mitochondrial function in these cells. Gut-driven alterations
in the activity of reactive cells over the course of development are proposed to be an important determinant
of the transdiagnostic influence of glia and the immune system. Stress, including prenatal stress,
also acts via the gut. The suppression of butyrate, coupled to raised LPS, drives oxidative and nitrosative
stress signalling that culminates in the activation of acidic sphingomyelinase-induced ceramide. Raised
ceramide levels negatively regulate mitochondrial function, both directly and via its negative impact on
daytime, arousal-promoting orexin and night-time sleep-promoting pineal gland-derived melatonin.
Both orexin and melatonin positively regulate mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation. Consequently,
gut-mediated increases in ceramide have impacts on the circadian rhythm and the circadian regulation of
mitochondrial function. Butyrate, orexin and melatonin can positively regulate mitochondria via the disinhibition
of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, leading to increased conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-
CoA. Acetyl-CoA is a necessary co-substrate for the initiation of the melatonergic pathway in mitochondria
and therefore the beneficial effects of mitochondria melatonin synthesis on mitochondrial function.
This has a number of treatment implications across psychiatric and wider medical conditions, including
the utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin.

:

Overall, gut dysbiosis and increased gut permeability have significant impacts on central and systemic
homeostasis via the regulation of mitochondrial function, especially in central glia and systemic immune
cells.
The Value of Neuroimaging Techniques in the Translation and Transdiagnostic Validation of Psychiatric Diagnoses - Selective Review
Authors: Todeva-Radneva Anna , Paunova Rositsa , Kandilarova Sevdalina , St. Stoyanov Drozdstoy
Published: January 2020

:

Psychiatric diagnosis has long been perceived as more of an art than a science since its foundations lie within the observation, and the self-report of the patients themselves and objective diagnostic biomarkers are lacking. Furthermore, the diagnostic tools in use not only stray away from the conventional medical framework but also remain invalidated with evidence-based concepts. However, neuroscience, as a source of valid objective knowledge has initiated the process of a paradigm shift underlined by the main concept of psychiatric disorders being “brain disorders”. It is also a bridge closing the explanatory gap among the different fields of medicine via the translation of the knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework.

:

The contemporary neuroimaging methods, such as fMRI provide researchers with an entirely new set of tools to reform the current status quo by creating an opportunity to define and validate objective biomarkers that can be translated into clinical practice. Combining multiple neuroimaging techniques with the knowledge of the role of genetic factors, neurochemical imbalance and neuroinflammatory processes in the etiopathophysiology of psychiatric disorders is a step towards a comprehensive biological explanation of psychiatric disorders and a final differentiation of psychiatry as a well-founded medical science.

:

In addition, the neuroscientific knowledge gained thus far suggests a necessity for directional change to exploring multidisciplinary concepts, such as multiple causality and dimensionality of psychiatric symptoms and disorders. A concomitant viewpoint transition of the notion of validity in psychiatry with a focus on an integrative validatory approach may facilitate the building of a collaborative bridge above the wall existing between the scientific fields analyzing the mind and those studying the brain.
Non-canonical Functions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase: Emerging Roles and Biological Relevance
Authors: Thompson Connor A.H. , Wong Judy M.Y.
Published: January 2020

Increasing evidence from research on telomerase suggests that in addition to its catalytic telomere
repeat synthesis activity, telomerase may have other biologically important functions. The canonical
roles of telomerase are at the telomere ends where they elongate telomeres and maintain genomic
stability and cellular lifespan. The catalytic protein component Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase
(TERT) is preferentially expressed at high levels in cancer cells despite the existence of an alternative
mechanism for telomere maintenance (alternative lengthening of telomeres or ALT). TERT is also expressed
at higher levels than necessary for maintaining functional telomere length, suggesting other possible
adaptive functions. Emerging non-canonical roles of TERT include regulation of non-telomeric
DNA damage responses, promotion of cell growth and proliferation, acceleration of cell cycle kinetics,
and control of mitochondrial integrity following oxidative stress. Non-canonical activities of TERT primarily
show cellular protective effects, and nuclear TERT has been shown to protect against cell death
following double-stranded DNA damage, independent of its role in telomere length maintenance. TERT
has been suggested to act as a chromatin modulator and participate in the transcriptional regulation of
gene expression. TERT has also been reported to regulate transcript levels through an RNA-dependent
RNA Polymerase (RdRP) activity and produce siRNAs in a Dicer-dependent manner. At the mitochondria,
TERT is suggested to protect against oxidative stress-induced mtDNA damage and promote mitochondrial
integrity. These extra-telomeric functions of TERT may be advantageous in the context of increased
proliferation and metabolic stress often found in rapidly-dividing cancer cells. Understanding
the spectrum of non-canonical functions of telomerase may have important implications for the rational
design of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
Cumulative HIV Viremia Copy-Years and Hypertension in People Living with HIV
Authors: Xu Yunan , Chen Xinguang , Wijayabahu Akemi , Zhou Zhi , Yu Bin , Spencer Emma C. , Cook Robert L.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Evidence regarding the association between HIV viral load (VL) and hypertension
is inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship using viremia copy-years
(VCY), a cumulative measure of HIV plasma viral burden.

Methods:

Data were analyzed for 686 PLWH in the Florida Cohort Study, who had at least five
years of VL data before the baseline. VL data were extracted from Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting
System (eHARS) and used to define peak VL (pVL), recent VL (rVL), and undetectable VL (uVL:
rVL<50copies/mL). A five-year VCY (log10 copy × years/mL) before the baseline investigation,
was calculated and divided into 5 groups (≤2.7, 2.8-3.7, 3.8-4.7, 4.8-5.7 and >5.7) for analysis. Hypertension
was determined based on hypertension diagnosis from medical records. Multivariable logistic
regression was used for association analysis.

Results:

Of the total sample, 277 (40.4%) participants were hypertensive. Compared to the participants
with lowest VCY (≤2.7 log10 copy × years/mL), the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval
[95% CI] for hypertension of the remaining four groups, in order, were 1.91 [1.11, 3.29], 1.91
[1.03, 3.53], 2.27 [1.29, 3.99], and 1.25 [0.65, 2.42], respectively, controlling for confounders. The
association was independent of pVL, rVL, and uVL, each of which was not significantly associated
with hypertension.

Conclusion:

Persistent HIV infection is a risk factor for hypertension among PLWH. Information
provided by VCY is more effective than single time-point VL measures in investigating HIV infection-
hypertension relationship. The findings of this study support the significance of continuous viral
suppression in hypertension prevention among PLWH.
Anticancer s-Triazine Derivatives: A Synthetic Attribute
Authors: Jain Sonika , Jain Pankaj Kumar , Sain Shalu , Kishore Dharma , Dwivedi Jaya
Published: January 2020

1, 3, 5-Triazine (s-Triazine) is a versatile nucleus to design and develop potent bioactive
molecules for drug discovery, particularly in cancer therapy. The aim of this review is to present the
most recent trends in the field of synthetic strategies made for functionalized triazine derivatives active
against cell proliferation. This review article covers the synthesis of aryl methylamino, morpholino,
triamino substituted triazines, antimitotic agents coupled triazines and many more. Many 1,3,5-
triazine derivatives, both hetero-fused and uncondensed, have shown remarkable antitumor activities.
We have highlighted various derivatives with 1, 3, 5-triazine core targeting different kinases with an
aim to help researchers for developing new 1, 3, 5-triazine derived compounds for antitumor activity.
Roles of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yan Cen , Li Yu-Ze , Luo Xiao-Min , Quan Xiao-Jiang , Feng Ying-Mei
Published: January 2020

Macrophage proliferation and skewed myelopoiesis-induced monocytosis, as well as neutrophils,
enhance the generation of atherogenic inflammatory cells in a lesion area, leading to plaque
formation and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Among all risk factors, accumulated data have shown
that hyperlipidemia activates Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in the Bone Marrow (BM)
niche. Recently, proliferation of Granulocyte-Monocyte Progenitors (GMPs) has been demonstrated to
drive skewed myelopoiesis, while HSPCs remain quiescent. In this review, we discuss how HSPCs and
GMPs participate in atherosclerosis of mice in terms of proliferation and cell mobilization from BM to
peripheral blood and the lesion area. We also describe how the spleen, an extramedullary organ, is
involved in skewed myelopoiesis and inflammation in atherosclerosis. We further summarize the clinical
evidence of the relationship of HSPCs with coronary stenoses in patients with CVD. Ultimately,
this review facilitates understanding the pathological roles of HSPCs and GMPs in atherosclerosis for
future treatments.
ERKEN ÇOCUKLUK EBEVEYN MEDYA ARACILIK ÖLÇEĞİ GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Şen Müge , Demir Ergül , Teke Nergiz , Yımaz Arif
Published: January 2020

Bu
çalışmada, erken çocukluk döneminde çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarının medya
kullanımındaki aracılıklarını belirlemeye yönelik geçerli-güvenilir bir ölçek
geliştirme amaçlanmıştır. Ön çalışmada, alan yazın ve medya aracılık ölçekleri
incelenerek hazırlanan maddeler, okul öncesi eğitimi ve çocuk gelişimi alanında
doktora yapmış ve medyaya ilişkin çalışmaları olan dört ve ölçme değerlendirme
alanından bir olmak üzere beş uzmanın görüşlerine sunulmuştur. Uzmanların
görüşleri doğrultusunda düzenlemeler yapılarak 83 maddelik taslak form
oluşturulmuştur. Taslak form, 116 ebeveyn üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Maddelerde
düzenlemeler yapılarak Erken Çocukluk Ebeveyn Medya Aracılık Ölçeği (EÇEMAÖ) deneme
formu 58 madde olarak düzenlenmiştir ve maddeler, 5’li Likert tipi
ölçeklendirilmiştir ve 1-5 arası puanlanmıştır. Deneme uygulaması 855 ebeveynin
katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği çalışmalarında, Temel
Bileşenler Analizi (TBA) ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) yapılmıştır.
Güvenilirlik çalışmalarında ise Cronbach’ın alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı
hesaplanmıştır. Uç değer incemeye bağlı olarak 184 (%21.5) gözlem, veri
setinden çıkarılmış, ileri analizler 671 ebeveynin verileri ile yürütülmüştür. Modelin uyum iyiliği indeks
değerleri yüksek düzeyde model-veri uyumu sağlayan bir yapı tanımlanabildiğini
göstermektedir (χ2/sd= 2.23, RMSEA=0.043, RMR=0.044, CFI=0.98, NFI
=0.97, GFI=0.89, RFI=0.96). Elde edilen yapıya yönelik güvenirlik düzeyleri
(Cronbach alfa katsayıları); bileşenler için sırasıyla .92, .86, .61, .83, .84,
.59 ve ölçek genelinde .91 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular sonucunda ölçeğin
geçerli-güvenilir bir araç olarak kullanımının uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Papel das transferências intergovernamentais na equalização fiscal dos municípios brasileiros
Authors: Baião Alexandre Lima , Cunha Armando Santos Moreira da , Souza Flavio Sergio Rezende Nunes de
Published: January 2020

Diante da heterogeneidade econômica e social dos municípios brasileiros, torna-se fundamental estudar a distribuição dos recursos das transferências, verificando se os municípios que mais necessitam de suporte financeiro têm sido os efetivamente beneficiados. Este trabalho busca avaliar o efeito das transferências intergovernamentais na equalização fiscal dos municípios, investigando se os diversos tipos de transferências conseguem levar em consideração a capacidade de autofinanciamento do município e a necessidade fiscal atrelada a custos e demandas por serviço público. Os resultados evidenciam que algumas transferências, que têm natureza redistributiva, como o FPM, contribuem pouco para a equalização, enquanto que algumas transferências condicionais, como o Fundeb, que não possuem esse objetivo, apresentam um efeito positivo. As transferências voluntárias são relativamente neutras, provavelmente por não seguirem critérios, nem econômicos, nem redistributivos, mas políticos. O Bolsa Família, apesar de não ser uma transferência intergovernamental, atenua as distorções realizadas pelas demais transferências observadas.
Analysis of Collective Human Intelligence for Diagnosis of Pigmented Skin Lesions Harnessed by Gamification Via a Web-Based Training Platform: Simulation Reader Study
Authors: Rinner Christoph , Kittler Harald , Rosendahl Cliff , Tschandl Philipp
Published: January 2020

Background

The diagnosis of pigmented skin lesion is error prone and requires domain-specific expertise, which is not readily available in many parts of the world. Collective intelligence could potentially decrease the error rates of nonexperts.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and impact of collective intelligence for the detection of skin cancer.

Methods

We created a gamified study platform on a stack of established Web technologies and presented 4216 dermatoscopic images of the most common benign and malignant pigmented skin lesions to 1245 human raters with different levels of experience. Raters were recruited via scientific meetings, mailing lists, and social media posts. Education was self-declared, and domain-specific experience was tested by screening tests. In the target test, the readers had to assign 30 dermatoscopic images to 1 of the 7 disease categories. The readers could repeat the test with different lesions at their own discretion. Collective human intelligence was achieved by sampling answers from multiple readers. The disease category with most votes was regarded as the collective vote per image.

Results

We collected 111,019 single ratings, with a mean of 25.2 (SD 18.5) ratings per image. As single raters, nonexperts achieved a lower mean accuracy (58.6%) than experts (68.4%; mean difference=−9.4%; 95% CI −10.74% to −8.1%; P<.001). Collectives of nonexperts achieved higher accuracies than single raters, and the improvement increased with the size of the collective. A collective of 4 nonexperts surpassed single nonexperts in accuracy by 6.3% (95% CI 6.1% to 6.6%; P<.001). The accuracy of a collective of 8 nonexperts was 9.7% higher (95% CI 9.5% to 10.29%; P<.001) than that of single nonexperts, an improvement similar to single experts (P=.73). The sensitivity for malignant images increased for nonexperts (66.3% to 77.6%) and experts (64.6% to 79.4%) for answers given faster than the intrarater mean.

Conclusions

A high number of raters can be attracted by elements of gamification and Web-based marketing via mailing lists and social media. Nonexperts increase their accuracy to expert level when acting as a collective, and faster answers correspond to higher accuracy. This information could be useful in a teledermatology setting.
Evaluating Engagement in a Digital and Dietetic Intervention Promoting Healthy Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)
Authors: Willcox Jane C , Chai Daniel , Beilin Lawrence J , Prescott Susan L , Silva Desiree , Neppe Cliff , Huang Rae-Chi
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Early excess and inadequate gestational weight gain (GWG) have been associated with negative outcomes for mother and child. The use of digital media to deliver pregnancy lifestyle interventions is increasing, but there is little data on participant engagement. The Pregnancy Lifestyle Activity and Nutrition (PLAN) intervention pilot study was an electronic health and dietetic-delivered intervention program promoting healthy GWG in early pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to explore the interactions of participants with the program and to assess its acceptability.

METHODS

This study uses both quantitative and qualitative methods using data from parent randomized controlled trial (ACTRN12617000725369). Quantitative data from 22 participants in the intervention arm who completed the study provided measures of the interactions participants had with the digital components of the program and with dietetic consultations. A descriptive qualitative analysis employed semistructured interviews with 9 participants to elicit views on the acceptability of the intervention and its components.

RESULTS

The electronic delivery of information and recording of weight from 8 to 20 weeks of gestation were universally accepted. Component (face-to-face dietitian, weight tracker, website information delivery, and SMS goal prompting) acceptability and engagement differed between individuals. A total of 4 key themes emerged from the qualitative analysis: supporting lifestyle change, component acceptability and value, delivery platforms, and engagement barriers.

CONCLUSIONS

The PLAN intervention and its delivery via a blend of personal dietetic consultations and digital program delivery was found to be acceptable and valuable to pregnant women. Individuals responded differently to various components, emphasizing the importance of including women in the development of lifestyle interventions and allowing participants to choose and tailor programs. Larger randomized controlled trials using these insights in a broader section of the community are needed to inform the iterative development of practical, time-efficient, and cost-effective ways of supporting optimal GWG with the potential to optimize outcomes for pregnant women and their child.
An App for Classifying Personal Mental Illness at Workplace Using Fit Statistics and Convolutional Neural Networks: Survey-Based Quantitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yan Yu-Hua , Chien Tsair-Wei , Yeh Yu-Tsen , Chou Willy , Hsing Shu-Chen
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

Mental illness (MI) is common among those who work in health care settings. Whether MI is related to employees’ mental status at work is yet to be determined. An MI app is developed and proposed to help employees assess their mental status in the hope of detecting MI at an earlier stage.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to build a model using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and fit statistics based on 2 aspects of measures and outfit mean square errors for the automatic detection and classification of personal MI at the workplace using the emotional labor and mental health (ELMH) questionnaire, so as to equip the staff in assessing and understanding their own mental status with an app on their mobile device.

METHODS

We recruited 352 respiratory therapists (RTs) working in Taiwan medical centers and regional hospitals to fill out the 44-item ELMH questionnaire in March 2019. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Rasch analysis, and CNN were used as unsupervised and supervised learnings for (1) dividing RTs into 4 classes (ie, MI, false MI, health, and false health) and (2) building an ELMH predictive model to estimate 108 parameters of the CNN model. We calculated the prediction accuracy rate and created an app for classifying MI for RTs at the workplace as a web-based assessment.

RESULTS

We observed that (1) 8 domains in ELMH were retained by EFA, (2) 4 types of mental health (n=6, 63, 265, and 18 located in 4 quadrants) were classified using the Rasch analysis, (3) the 44-item model yields a higher accuracy rate (0.92), and (4) an MI app available for RTs predicting MI was successfully developed and demonstrated in this study.

CONCLUSIONS

The 44-item model with 108 parameters was estimated by using CNN to improve the accuracy of mental health for RTs. An MI app developed to help RTs self-detect work-related MI at an early stage should be made more available and viable in the future.
The Efficacy of eHealth Interventions for the Treatment of Adults Diagnosed With Full or Subthreshold Binge Eating Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Moghimi Elnaz , Davis Caroline , Rotondi Michael
Published: January 2020

BACKGROUND

There has been a recent rise in the use of eHealth treatments for a variety of psychological disorders, including eating disorders.

OBJECTIVE

This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials is the first to evaluate the efficacy of eHealth interventions specifically for the treatment of binge eating disorder (characterized by compulsive overconsumption of food, in a relatively short period, and without compensatory behaviors such as purging or fasting).

METHODS

A search on the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, and CINAHL was conducted for randomized controlled trials that compared the efficacy of eHealth treatment interventions with waitlist controls.

RESULTS

From the databases searched, 3 studies (298 participants in total) met the inclusion criteria. All interventions were forms of internet-based guided cognitive behavioral therapy. The results of the analysis demonstrated that when compared with waitlist controls, individuals enrolled in eHealth interventions experienced a reduction in objective binge episodes (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.77, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.16) and eating disorder psychopathology (SMD −0.71, 95% CI −1.20 to −0.22), which included shape (SMD −0.61, 95% CI −1.01 to −0.22) and weight concerns (SMD −0.91, 95% CI −1.33 to −0.48). There was no significant difference in BMI between the eHealth interventions and controls (SMD −0.01, 95% CI −0.40 to 0.39).

CONCLUSIONS

These findings provide promising results for the use of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for binge eating disorder treatment and support the need for future research to explore the efficacy of these eHealth interventions.
Nonmedical Factors and Health-Related Quality of Life in CKD in India
Authors: Modi Gopesh K. , Yadav Ashok K. , Ghosh Arpita , Kamboj Kajal , Kaur Prabhjot , Kumar Vivek , Bhansali Shobhit , Prasad Narayan , Sahay Manisha , Parameswaran Sreejith , Varughese Santosh , Gang Sishir , Singh Shivendra , Sircar Dipankar , Gopalakrishnan Natarajan , Jaryal Ajay , Vikrant Sanjay , Agarwal Seema Baid , Jha Vivekanand
Published: January 2020

Background and objectives

Patient-reported outcomes have gained prominence in the management of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Measurement of health-related quality of life is being increasingly incorporated into medical decision making and health care delivery processes.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease Study is a prospective cohort of participants with mild to moderate CKD. Baseline health-related quality of life scores, determined by the standardized Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 item instrument, are presented for the inception cohort (n=2919). Scores are presented on five subscales: mental component summary, physical component summary, burden, effect of kidney disease, and symptom and problems; each is scored 0–100. The associations of socioeconomic and clinical parameters with the five subscale scores and lower quality of life (defined as subscale score <1 SD of the sample mean) were examined. The main socioeconomic factors studied were sex, education, occupation, and income. The key medical factors studied were age, eGFR, diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria.

Results

The mean (SD) subscale scores were physical component summary score, 43±9; mental component summary score, 48±10; burden, 61±33; effects, 87±13; and symptoms, 90±20. Among the socioeconomic variables, women, lower education, and lower income were negatively associated with reduced scores across all subscales. For instance, the respective β-coefficients (SD) for association with the physical component summary subscale were −2.6 (−3.4 to −1.8), −1.5 (−2.2 to −0.7), and −1.6 (−2.7 to −0.5). Medical factors had inconsistent or no association with subscale scores. The quality of life scores also displayed regional variations.

Conclusions

In this first of its kind analysis from India, predominantly socioeconomic factors were associated with quality of life scores in patients with CKD.