bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermoplastic Inclined Plane Aligner for Correction of Bilateral Mandibular Canine Tooth Distoclusion in a Cat
Authors: Blazejewski Stanley W.
Published: April 2016

Mandibular brachygnathia was the etiology for moderate mandibular distoclusion and bilateral palatal canine cusp penetrations in a kitten. The course of treatment included deciduous canine tooth exodontia, tooth extensions, and ultimately, aligners that incorporated inclined planes fabricated from a thermoplastic sheet that was “indirectly” vacuum thermoformed over a dental model. The thin, flexible aligners fit over the rostral maxillary teeth and palate, and were retained by a snug fit on the slightly divergent maxillary canine teeth. Advantages over “directly” applied composite inclined planes include: serial gradations of angulations for more gradual tooth movement, elimination of dental trauma from composite adhesions and removals, owner-removable and cleanable appliances, and a single anesthetic event required for dental impressions. Five progressively angled aligners were used sequentially over a 3-month period to achieve atraumatic “clinical” neutroclusion of the rostral dentition.
Endodontic Therapy of a Mandibular Canine Tooth with Irreversible Pulpitis Secondary to Dentigerous Cyst
Authors: MacGee Scott
Published: April 2016

Dentigerous cysts are uncommon, yet are being reported with increasing frequency in the veterinary literature. Dentigerous cysts are a type of benign odontogenic cyst associated with impacted teeth, most commonly the mandibular first premolar tooth. Significant bone destruction can occur secondary to the expansion of a dentigerous cyst. The expanding cyst can lead to pathology of neighboring teeth, which can include external root resorption or pulpitis. Intraoral dental radiographs are imperative to properly assess the presence and extent of a dentigerous cyst, as well as the status of the neighboring teeth. This case report describes treatment for dentigerous cyst including cyst lining curettage, mandibular bone regeneration, and endodontic therapy for a canine tooth with irreversible pulpitis.
Clinicopathologic Characterization of Oral Pyogenic Granuloma in 8 Cats
Authors: Riehl Jessica , Bell Cynthia M. , Constantaras Marika E. , Snyder Christopher J. , Charlier Cindy J. , Soukup Jason W.
Published: April 2016

This case series characterizes the clinicopathologic features and treatment of oral pyogenic granuloma in 8 cats. The cats reported here were patients originating from collaborative efforts at an academic clinical teaching hospital and a specialty dentistry/oral surgery referral practice. Although the initial biopsy results were variable, in all cases the diagnosis reflected an inflammatory process. A second clinicopathologic evaluation of these cases determined that all lesions were consistent with oral pyogenic granuloma. The location of the lesion was consistent among all cats within the present study. Lesions developed at the vestibular mucogingival tissues of the mandibular first molar teeth. We propose that malocclusion and secondary traumatic contact of the ipsilateral maxillary fourth premolar tooth with the mandibular soft tissues is a possible contributing factor in the etiopathogenic mechanism.
Generalized Hypercementosis in Geriatric Horses
Authors: Arnbjerg Jens
Published: April 2016

Hypercementosis has been described in the horse associated with painful tooth root resorption and infection in and around the roots of incisor teeth, or as painful swellings in the oral cavity in elderly horses. A screening radiological examination of 16 clinically normal horses older than 15-years showed varying amounts of hypercementosis, especially around the reserve crown and apices of the incisor teeth in 9 cases. The amount of cementum formation varied from several mm to 2-cm especially associated with the roots of the maxillary and mandibular third incisor teeth. The periodontal ligament of the incisor teeth was always seen radiographically as a homogeneous and distinct radiolucent line surrounding the roots. Computed tomographic evaluation indicated that the hypercementosis was more pronounced on the labial aspect. The distinction between the enamel and cementum was more clearly delineated on computed tomographic imaging. Teeth in horses with acute angles between the maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth had greater hypercementosis than incisor teeth with more vertical angulation supporting the theory that stress on incisor teeth may be an etiological factor. Hypercementosis was also noted in the interradicular area of worn cheek teeth but not exceeding the original outer shape of the roots. Histological examination of hypercementosis affected teeth showed no evidence of tumor or infection regardless of the location of the tooth. As in humans, hypercementosis does not require specific treatment unless secondary complications occur.
Nomenclature and Classification of Odontogenic Tumors — Part I: Historical Review
Authors: Soukup Jason W. , Bell Cynthia M.
Published: April 2016

Odontogenic tumor nomenclature and classification is frustrating for both physicians and veterinarians. There has been and continues to be an evolution of the terms and taxonomy used in veterinary and human literature. In this historical review, we aim to provide veterinarians a fundamental basis for understanding how the etymology for odontogenic tumors has evolved over the past two centuries.
Suspect Odontogenic Infection Etiology for Canine Lymphoplasmacytic Rhinitis
Authors: Stepaniuk Kevin S. , Gingerich Wade
Published: April 2016

The role of odontogenic infection as an etiology for lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis in dogs was evaluated. An association between odontogenic infection and inflammatory rhinitis was identified in 55% of cases evaluated. Odontogenic infection was unlikely or undetermined in 10% and 35% of the cases, respectively. Cases of lymphoplasmacytic rhinitis had roentgen signs associated with endodontic disease, periodontal disease, or retained tooth roots in 60%, 45%, and 25% of the cases, respectively. A collaborative team based approach assessing inflammatory nasal disease is recommended. Based on the history and signalment of the individual patient, diagnostic modalities should be chosen wisely. In some cases, oral examination and intraoral radiographs may be a more direct and cost effective approach for diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory rhinitis.
Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Clinical Manifestations and Literature Review
Authors: Bilgic Ozgur , Duda Lili , Sánchez Melissa D. , Lewis John R.
Published: April 2016

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most commonly encountered malignant oral tumor in cats. The etiology of this locally invasive tumor is likely multifactorial. Several risk factors have been identified, including the use of flea collars, and a history of feeding canned food and canned tuna. Clinical signs vary depending on tumor location. The tumor commonly arises from the gingiva and mucosa of the maxilla, mandible, tongue, sublingual area, or tonsillar region. Maxillary SCC commonly presents clinically as an ulcerative lesion, whereas mandibular SCC is commonly proliferative, expansile, and firm. Lingual/sublingual SCC may be ulcerative, necrotic, infiltrative, or proliferative. In general, feline oral SCC is an invasive and malignant neoplasm regardless of its location. Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and combinations thereof have been attempted with rarely a satisfactory response. Currently, cures are obtained only in a small subset of cats whose tumors are amenable to complete resection, or where resection with microscopic residual disease is followed by definitive radiation therapy. A multimodal treatment approach likely offers the best chance of success. For cats with advanced disease, palliative care may improve patients' quality of life, albeit transiently. Sequelae associated with tumor progression and local tissue destruction often result in euthanasia of feline patients with oral SCC.
Oral Manifestations of Chronic Kidney Disease and Renal Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Comparative Review
Authors: Davis Eric M.
Published: April 2016

Recent epidemiological studies have demonstrated that significant associations exist between oral disease and diseases involving non-oral tissues. Occasionally, the roles may be reversed and the oral cavity can be severely affected by systemic disease originating in another part of the body. Renal secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrinopathy that occurs as a consequence of chronic azotemic kidney disease. Renal osteodystrophy, the most dramatic clinical consequence of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism is uncommon, but can result in demineralization of maxillofacial bones, loosening of teeth, and pathological jaw fractures. The purpose of this report is to update the current understanding of the pathophysiology of this endocrine disease and to compare the oral manifestations of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism in humans and companion animals. A 50-year review of the veterinary literature was undertaken to examine the clinical presentation of renal osteodystrophy in dogs, and to determine what clinical consequences of renal secondary hyperparathyroidism have been reported in domestic cats.
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma in a Dog
Authors: Hiscox Lorraine A. , Dumais Yvan
Published: April 2016

Peripheral giant cell granuloma is considered rare in the dog with little known about the clinicopathologic features. There are few reports in the veterinary literature concerning this benign, reactive lesion, formerly known as giant cell epulis. In humans, the four most commonly described reactive epulides are focal fibrous hyperplasia (fibrous epulis), pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell granuloma. This case report describes the diagnosis and surgical management of a peripheral giant cell granuloma in a dog.
The Influence of Crown Height to Diameter Ratio on the Force to Fracture of Canine Teeth in Dogs
Authors: Soukup Jason W. , Collins Caitlyn , Ploeg Heidi-Lynn
Published: April 2016

Previous work suggests that the tooth height to diameter ratio (H/D) may have an influence on the fracture resistance of dog canine teeth. Thus, it can be hypothesized that canine teeth with distal abrasion or teeth already requiring pulpal manipulation may benefit from a reduction in height and that an ideal H/D exists that balances tooth fracture resistance and tooth function. Therefore, a study was performed to investigate the influence of H/D on force to fracture and probability of fracture of canine teeth in dogs. Thirty extracted canine teeth from laboratory Beagle dogs were standardized by hard tissue volume and evenly distributed among three groups; unaltered H/D (group A), 10% reduction in H/D (group B), and 20% reduction in H/D (group C). The teeth were potted in clear auto-polymerizing orthodontic acrylic and then secured within a universal materials testing machine. A displacement was applied at a speed of 1-mm/min to the distoocclusal line angle at an angle of 45° to the long axis of the crown. The maximum measured force at the time of fracture represented the maximum force to fracture. A linear regression model showed a significant inverse relationship between H/D and force to fracture (p=0.043; 95% CI −55.2 to −0.09). A margin of safety (MoS) analysis was performed to determine the probability of fracture by comparing normal force distributions of the measured force at fracture to that reported in a previous study, representative of normal biting-pulling loads on canine teeth. When 100% of the load was applied to a single unaltered canine tooth the probability of fracture was 36.7%. Decreases in H/D of 10% and 20% resulted in a decreased probability of fracture by 24.1% and 60.4%, respectively. A paired MoS analysis was conducted wherein the applied loads were distributed across 2 maxillary canine teeth according to their relative heights. Within the pair, a 20% decrease in H/D decreased the probability of fracture of that tooth by 86.5%, but increased the probability of fracture of the unaltered contralateral canine tooth by 54.4%. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that teeth with a lower H/D are more resistant to fracture. However, given the potential impact of crown reduction of a single canine tooth on the load redistribution to the remaining unaltered canine teeth, further investigation is needed to determine what H/D would be ideal. In addition, future studies could elucidate in which clinical scenarios the concept of H/D reduction could be implemented. The results of this study may have implications on the successful long-term management of traumatized canine teeth in dogs.
Evaluation of the Natural Crown Convergence Angle of Dog Carnassial Teeth
Authors: Zimmerman Catherine , Soukup Jason W.
Published: April 2016

A limiting factor in achieving an ideal crown preparation design is the natural morphology, principally the convergence angle, of the tooth. The natural convergence angle of the carnassial teeth in the dog has not been reported. The aim of the study reported here was to establish the natural crown convergence angle of the maxillary fourth premolar and mandibular first molar teeth in the dog. The natural convergence angle of the carnassial teeth in dogs was large and was not significantly associated with patient weight, age, or skull type.
Evaluation of the Clinical Performance and Effectiveness of Adhesively-Bonded Metal Crowns on Damaged Canine Teeth of Working Dogs over a Two- to 52-Month Period
Authors: van Foreest Andries , Roeters Joost
Published: April 2016

In this clinical study, 41 metal full crown restorations of canine teeth were placed in 18 working dogs. Twenty-six canine teeth had severe attrition with no involvement of the pulp cavities; 15 fractured canine teeth were endodontically treated. With the exception of one tooth, at least one-third of the coronal part of each canine tooth was available for a supragingivally performed, minimal tooth crown preparation. A dental resin luting cement technique was used to bond the electrolytically etched crown (made from an alloy of cobalt-chrome-molybdenum) to the tooth. The metal crowns were slightly shorter and with a more rounded tip than the original tooth. Posts or post-and-core techniques were not used. Median follow-up period was 30 months (range 2 to 61 months), at which time 36 crowns were found to be intact and functional. Five crowns were lost; three as a result of subsequent injury and fracture of the tooth below the crown; one as a result of use of less than one-third of the coronal portion of the tooth for retention of the crown; and one as a result of an oblique fracture of the root.
A Review of the Expanding Field of Exotic Animal Oral Health Care – Veterinary Dentistry
Authors: Fagan D.A. , Oosterhuis J.E. , Kirkman J.E. Fagan
Published: April 2016

This article reviews the clinical literature of the field of Veterinary Dentistry from its conception in the late 1960's to its rapidly expanding role today as an emerging clinical specialty practice in veterinary medicine. It defines eight dental sub-disciplines in contemporary veterinary oral health care from a practical point of view and provides information concerning standardization of key words searches, definition of terms, and use of the expanded Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) necessary for a comprehensive review of the rapidly expanding literature stored in electronic databases.
Endodontic Disease of the Mandibular First Molar Tooth Secondary to Caudal Crossbite in a Young Shetland Sheepdog
Authors: Brine Elizabeth J.
Published: April 2016

A six month-old intact female Shetland sheepdog was referred to the University of Illinois Veterinary Dental Clinic with a left-sided mandibular deviation and a thickened left ventral mandible in the region of the first molar tooth. On oral examination, left caudal crossbite was diagnosed. Dental radiographs revealed endodontic disease of the mandibular first molar tooth involved in the crossbite. Because of the difficulty of treating caudal crossbite and the potential of a pathological mandibular fracture, the endodontically affected tooth was extracted. Ten months following the extraction, mandibular deviation and alveolar bone lysis were resolved, but alveolar ridge resorption was present. The abnormal occlusal relationship caused by the caudal crossbite may have led to movement of the tooth, resorption of the tooth alveolus, and irreversible pulpal damage. Although not employed in this case, use of alveolar ridge preservation techniques can prevent mandibular bone loss after extractions.
A Removable Orthodontic Device for the Treatment of Lingually Displaced Mandibular Canine Teeth in Young Dogs
Authors: Verhaert Leen
Published: April 2016

The malocclusion of lingually displaced mandibular canine teeth is a common orthodontic problem in the domestic dog. Several treatment methods have been described, and their advantages and disadvantages have been extensively reviewed. This article describes a functional technique used in 38 dogs of different breeds for correction of the malocclusion. The technique consists of stimulating the dog to play with specific toys. It is a simple, inexpensive, non-invasive technique that has a success rate comparable to conventional orthodontic techniques for treatment of this common malocclusion.
Electrochemical copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide on the carbon fiber surface
Authors: Ailing Zhang , Youheng Zhang , Song Wang , Sanxi Li , Tingting Guo
Published: April 2016

Electrochemical polymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide on carbon fiber was carried out by using cyclic voltammogram in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as electrolyte. Cycles, monomer mass ratio, scan rate, and H2SO4 concentration had an effect on the electropolymerization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic behavior of modified carbon fiber was studied. Systematic experiments were conducted to determine the tensile strength of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites before and after modification. As a result, the tensile strength of modified carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites was improved greatly. Surface morphology of the polymer films on carbon fiber was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy. It was found that voltammograms of electrodes prepared showed irreversible oxidation–reduction of the polymer films and capacitive behaviors of coated carbon fiber were defined using Nyquist plots, Bode magnitude plot and Bode phase plot at low-frequency region.
Design optimization for overhead ventilation duct system for a train using computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment
Authors: Kim Joon-Hyung , Rho Joo-Hyun
Published: April 2016

The overhead multiple outlets ventilation duct system of 18 m long is used to maintain the specified indoor thermal comfort environment for each railway passenger car. Therefore, the flow uniformity of the overhead ventilation duct system is very important for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning performance of a train. In this study, design optimization was conducted to increase the flow uniformity of the overhead ventilation duct system for a train by combining computational fluid dynamics and design of experiment methods. To perform the study, the flow uniformity of the base model was evaluated using numerical analysis whose reliability was verified. Design parameters of the overhead ventilation duct system were selected, and an effectiveness evaluation was performed for each design parameter by using 2 k factorial design. Based on the results of the effectiveness evaluation for the design parameters, optimum models having improved flow uniformity were designed using the response surface method. The performances of the optimum models were also evaluated by the same numerical analysis that was applied to the base model. The flow uniformity of the optimum models was improved by controlling the opening ratios of the perforated plates and guide vane shape. In addition, nonuniform flow components locally existing in the base model were suppressed.
Associative Activation and Its Relation to Exploration and Exploitation in the Brain
Authors: Baror Shira , Bar Moshe
Published: April 2016

Associative activation is commonly assumed to rely on associative strength, such that if A is strongly associated with B, B is activated whenever A is activated. We challenged this assumption by examining whether the activation of associations is state dependent. In three experiments, subjects performed a free-association task while the level of a simultaneous load was manipulated in various ways. In all three experiments subjects in the low-load conditions provided significantly more diverse and original associations compared with subjects in the high-load conditions, who exhibited high consensus. In an additional experiment, we found increased semantic priming of immediate associations under high load and of remote associations under low load. Taken together, these findings imply that activation of associations is an exploratory process by default, but is narrowed to exploiting the more immediate associations under conditions of high load. We propose a potential mechanism for processing associations in exploration and in exploitation modes, and suggest clinical implications.
Welfare, labour market deregulation and households’ poverty risks: An analysis of the risk of entering poverty at childbirth in different European welfare clusters
Authors: Barbieri Paolo , Bozzon Rossella
Published: April 2016

This article deals with families’ risk of entering poverty as a consequence of childbirth in four European Union (EU) welfare clusters. Poverty risks around childbirth are institutionally stratified according to specific characteristics of national welfare systems and the value they assign to family policies as well as the kind of labour market deregulation. While southern European countries are known for having welfare systems that make few provisions for ‘the future generations of citizens’, conservative and social-democratic countries differ significantly in the amount of their investments in family policies. We compare households’ risks of entering poverty at childbirth between Southern Europe and the rest of Europe using pooled longitudinal European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) data and applying panel models and propensity score matching. We show that childbirth is very poverty inducing only in southern Europe, especially for the less ‘labour market–attached’ households (precarious worker families, the unemployed) and traditional single-earner families, thereby pointing out the under-protectiveness of the Southern European systems of family and social policies. This situation is exacerbating additional inequality as families’ well-being largely depends on the previous unequal social stratification of resources.
Housing for care: A response to the post-transitional old-age gap?
Authors: Mandič Srna
Published: April 2016

This article examines the trade-off between owned housing and old-age care in Slovenia where the population has been found outstandingly willing to enter residential care and also consume housing wealth for this purpose. To explain this peculiarity, a case study as a holistic in-depth analysis was conducted, combining multiple sources of quantitative survey data and qualitative interview-based insights and accounting for the institutional context and individual decisions. What was found was a modernised version of the traditional ‘inheritance for care’ exchange, whereby the inheritor partly finances the parent’s residential care. This family-mediated trade-off between old-age care and housing wealth was found to serve as an informal equity-release scheme which in Slovenia helps bridge the post-transitional old-age gap, the syndrome of low pensions, underdeveloped care services and owner-occupied housing un-adapted to seniors. Moreover, it is hypothesised that this structural gap is common to other post-transitional countries.
A Study on Dynamic Relationship Between Oil, Gold, Forex and Stock Markets in Indian Context
Authors: Ingalhalli Varsha , G. Poornima B. , Reddy Y. V.
Published: April 2016

Indian economy in the recent past had experienced a volatile situation in its financial markets. Forex markets witnessed continuous weakening of rupee against dollar, followed by rise in crude oil prices, gold prices, inflation rate which made RBI to interfere with its hike in policy rates to curb the inflation. Effect of one market on another market is not a new thing, but the variations in the degree of impact and co-movements between the markets need to be examined. The main objective of this article is to study the causal relationship between oil, gold, forex and stock markets, for a period ranging from January 2005 till July 2015. This study employs the Granger causality test. The results indicate that the existence of only unidirectional relationship among the variables. The Granger causality test reveals that oil prices contribute towards development and forecasting of exchange rate and gold prices, whereas fluctuations in oil prices are granger caused by Sensex.
Diabetes and Obesity Trends in Tonga Over 40 Years
Authors: Lin Sophia , Hufanga Sione , Linhart Christine , Morrell Stephen , Taylor Richard , Magliano Dianna J. , Zimmet Paul
Published: April 2016

Disparate population surveys of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been conducted in Tonga for 4 decades. This study standardizes these surveys to enable assessment of T2DM and obesity trends in Tongans aged 25 to 64 years over 1973-2012, and projects T2DM prevalence to 2020 based on demographic and population weight changes. Eight surveys were standardized to the nearest census to produce nationally representative estimates. Linear period trends and prevalence projections to 2020 were produced using random-effects meta-regression. Over 1973-2012, T2DM prevalence increased from 5.2% to 19.0% (1.9%/5 years) and obesity prevalence from 56.0% to 70.2% (2.7%/5 years). T2DM prevalence period projection to 2020 is 22.3%. Based on modeling using body mass index, T2DM prevalence in 2020 could have been 12.7% and 16.8% in 2020 had mean population weight been 1 to 4 kg lower than 2012 levels.
Analysis of Validity and Reliability of the Health Literacy Index for Female Marriage Immigrants (HLI-FMI)
Authors: Yang Sook Ja , Chee Yeon Kyung , An Jisook , Park Min Hee , Jung Sunok
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this study was to obtain an independent evaluation of the factor structure of the 12-item Health Literacy Index for Female Marriage Immigrants (HLI-FMI), the first measure for assessing health literacy for FMIs in Korea. Participants were 250 Asian women who migrated from China, Vietnam, and the Philippines to marry. The HLI-FMI was originally developed and administered in Korean, and other questionnaires were translated into participants’ native languages. The HLI-FMI consisted of 2 factors: (1) Access-Understand Health Literacy (7 items) and (2) Appraise-Apply Health Literacy (5 items); Cronbach’s α = .73. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate fit for the 2-factor model. HLI-FMI scores were positively associated with time since immigration and Korean proficiency. Based on classical test theory and item response theory, strong support was provided for item discrimination and item difficulty. Findings suggested that the HLI-FMI is an easily administered, reliable, and valid scale.
Improving Mining Equipment Safety Through Human-Centered Design
Authors: Horberry Tim , Burgess-Limerick Robin , Cooke Tristan , Steiner Lisa
Published: April 2016

The need for human-centered design in the mining industry to help develop safe and fit-for-purpose equipment is first described. A tool that was specifically developed for mobile mining equipment by the authors and colleagues is introduced; it combines the application of participatory ergonomics, qualitative risk management, and safe design. A case study using this tool for mobile mining equipment access and egress is then presented. The case study shows that focusing on end users and their tasks by means of a structured, human-centered process can help to produce safer redesigns of mining equipment.
And After That We All became Like Brothers
Authors: Krivonos Daria
Published: April 2016

This article examines how emotions create an affective solidarity in a pro-governmental youth movement in Russia. The article shows that despite a formally strong affiliation with the aims of political socialization of youth in Russia, young activists from Vse doma movement describe their participation in a political project through the joy of being together, communication ( obschenie), emotional flows ( dvizhuha), bodily and risky practices, rather than ideological values. Drawing on the scholarship on emotional politics and social movements, the article switches the lens from the political to emotional and embodied sense of engagement. The discussion in this article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with young people. The article proposes the notion of ‘affective solidarity’ as a useful lens for the analysis of youth political activism.
Names and Labels
Authors: Moloney Molly , Hunt Geoffrey
Published: April 2016

In this study we examine the ethnic identifications and self-labels discussed in open-ended interviews with 250 young Asian Americans involved in the youth culture of dance clubs. The ethnic category ‘Asian American’ has a shifting history with contested boundaries, as can be seen in the varied relationships with this label described by the participants in the study. Some embrace the Asian American label and identity as it reflects and fosters community and solidarity among disparate Asian ethnic groups in the U.S. Others reject this label for themselves, or use it in only very specific circumstances and prefer to identify with ethnonational labels. Reasons for this range from discomfort with the broadness of ‘Asian American’, to a desire to avoid confusion with other Asian ethnic groups, to dislike of a conflation between Chinese and Asian American identities. Some participants—particularly those of Indian and Filipino descent—excluded their group from the Asian American designation or felt excluded from it by others. We then examine the ways that the symbolic boundaries between Asian ethnic groups described by the respondents are reflected in patterns of participation, inclusion and exclusion in the dance club scenes, which vary importantly by ethnonational group.
A cross-cultural exploration of the everyday social participation of individuals with autism spectrum disorders in Australia and Taiwan: An experience sampling study
Authors: Chen Yu-Wei , Bundy Anita C , Cordier Reinie , Chien Yi-Ling , Einfeld Stewart L
Published: April 2016

Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder commonly have limited social participation. This study aimed to examine the similarities and differences of everyday participation among males and females with autism spectrum disorder in Australia and Taiwan, using an experience sampling methodology. A total of 14 Australians (4 males, aged 16–43 years) and 16 Taiwanese (12 males, aged 19–45 years) with autism spectrum disorder who are cognitively able were asked to carry a device which prompted them seven times per day for 7 days, to record everyday participation: where they were, what they were doing, and who they were with. Multilevel analyses were used to identify the relationships between everyday participation and associated factors including gender, country of residence, clinical severity of autism spectrum disorder, and social anxiety. The results showed that Taiwanese participants were more likely to stay at home than Australian participants. However, female participants were more likely to engage in social situations than males. Furthermore, participants with fewer autism spectrum disorder symptoms and those with higher levels of social anxiety were less likely to engage in social interactions. This study sheds light on ways that culture and gender affect social participation and highlights the relationship of social anxiety to social participation. The findings have implications for interventions for social participation.
Parent perceptions of an adapted evidence-based practice for toddlers with autism in a community setting
Authors: Stahmer Aubyn C , Brookman-Frazee Lauren , Rieth Sarah R , Stoner Julia Trigeiro , Feder Joshua D , Searcy Karyn , Wang Tiffany
Published: April 2016

Although data from parent-implemented Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions have shown positive effects on decreasing core symptoms of autism, there has been limited examination of the effectiveness of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions in community settings. In addition, parent perspectives of their involvement in parent-implemented early intervention programs have not been well studied. Using both qualitative and quantitative data to examine parent perspectives and the perceived feasibility of parent training by community providers, 13 families were followed as they received training in the Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention, Project ImPACT. Data indicate that parent training by community providers is feasible and well received, and parents find value in participating in intervention and perceive benefit for their children. Recommendations for adaptation of program elements and future research are discussed.
Morphological Knowledge and Students Who Are Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing
Authors: Trussell Jessica W. , Easterbrooks Susan R.
Published: April 2016

Students who are deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) struggle to attain grade-equivalent literacy skills and require education interventions to improve. Recent literature reviews have revealed the need for high-quality intervention research for the following areas of reading: vocabulary development, reading comprehension, reading fluency, and grapheme–phoneme correspondence. The purpose of the current study was to determine the evidence surrounding morphological development for students who are DHH. The results were reported in a table as well as descriptively. This population exhibits a morphological knowledge delay that may be improved through explicit morphological instruction. Future researchers should consider conducting high-quality morphology intervention research with students who are DHH.
Off-axial failure analysis of polytetrafluoroethylene-coated woven glass fibers under different loading rates
Authors: Junhao Xu , Yingying Zhang , Jigang Xue
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the research on off-axial tensile behaviors of polytetrafluoroethylene-coated woven glass fibers under different loading rates. First, groups of off-axial tensile tests were carried out, and the corresponding failure mechanisms were analyzed. Then, the effect of loading rate on the tensile behaviors of off-axial specimens was studied. Finally, several current strength criteria were compared to predict the material failure strength under different loading rates. Results show the tensile behaviors of polytetrafluoroethylene-coated woven glass fibers are typical orthotropic. The material failure strength is strongly related with failure modes and yarn orientations. Three typical failure modes are observed in the tests, including interface failure, yarn breakage, and composite failure. The loading rate has significant effects on the material tensile strength and the elongation at break. With loading rate increasing, the tensile strength increases and the elongation at break decreases. The tensile strength shows a good linear correlation with the loading rate’s logarithm. Most of current quadratic strength criteria can be used to predict the material failure strength, except for the specimens of small bias angles. This is because traditional quadratic criteria are always based on the strain energy theory of homogeneous materials, which may not reflect the failure mechanisms of coated fabrics and other important details.
Gelsolin Promotes Radioresistance in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Through Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling
Authors: Zhao Ru-Sen , Wang Wei , Li Jun-Ping , Liu Chun-Mei , He Liya
Published: April 2016

Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein and acts as an important regulator of cell survival. This study aimed to determine the function of gelsolin in the radioresistance of non–small cell lung cancer cells. We examined the expression of gelsolin in radioresistant A549 and H460 cells and their parental cells. The effects of gelsolin overexpression and knockdown on the clonogenic survival and apoptosis of non–small cell lung cancer cells after irradiation were studied. The involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling in the action of gelsolin was checked. We found that gelsolin was significantly upregulated in radioresistant A549 and H460 cells. Overexpression of gelsolin significantly ( P < .05) increased the number of colonies from irradiated A549 and H460 cells compared to transfection of empty vector. In contrast, knockdown of gelsolin significantly ( P < .05) suppressed colony formation after irradiation. Gelsolin-overexpressing cells displayed reduced apoptosis in response to irradiation, which was coupled with decreased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase. Ectopic expression of gelsolin significantly ( P < .05) enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt compared to nontransfected cells. Pretreatment with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 (20 μmol/L) significantly decreased clonogenic survival and enhanced apoptosis in gelsolin-overexpressing A549 and H460 cells after irradiation. Taken together, gelsolin upregulation promotes radioresistance in non–small cell lung cancer cells, at least partially, through activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling.
Real-Time Measurement of the Tool-Tissue Interaction in Minimally Invasive Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Barrie Jenifer , Jayne David G. , Neville Anne , Hunter Louise , Hood Adrian J. , Culmer Peter R.
Published: April 2016

Introduction. Analysis of force application in laparoscopic surgery is critical to understanding the nature of the tool-tissue interaction. The aim of this study is to provide real-time data about manipulations to abdominal organs. Methods. An instrumented short fenestrated grasper was used in an in vivo porcine model, measuring force at the grasper handle. Grasping force and duration over 5 small bowel manipulation tasks were analyzed. Forces required to retract gallbladder, bladder, small bowel, large bowel, and rectum were measured over 30 seconds. Four parameters were calculated— T(hold), the grasp time; T(close), time taken for the jaws to close; F(max), maximum force reached; and F(rms), root mean square force (representing the average force across the grasp time). Results. Mean F(max) to manipulate the small bowel was 20.5 N (±7.2) and F(rms) was 13.7 N (±5.4). Mean T(close) was 0.52 seconds (±0.26) and T(hold) was 3.87 seconds (±1.5). In individual organs, mean F(max) was 49 N (±15) to manipulate the rectum and 59 N (±13.4) for the colon. The mean F(max) for bladder and gallbladder retraction was 28.8 N (±7.4) and 50.7 N (±3.8), respectively. All organs exhibited force relaxation, the F(rms) reduced to below 25 N for all organs except the small bowel, with a mean F(rms) of less than 10 N. Conclusion. This study has commenced the process of quantifying tool-tissue interaction. The static measurements discussed here should evolve to include dynamic measurements such as shear, torque, and retraction forces, and be correlated with evidence of histological damage to tissue.
Feminist Killjoys and Women Scorned: An Analysis of News and Commentary on the Sexual Violence Allegations Against Julian Assange
Authors: Harrington Carol
Published: April 2016

This article examines digital media debate over sexual violence by analyzing news reports and reader comments on the rape allegations against WikiLeaks founder, Julian Assange. Through analysis of the Guardian and New York Times, the article shows how this case became a flash-point for debate about feminist constructions of sexual violence. News reports amplified Assange’s defense that the allegations stemmed from feminist influence on Swedish law and would not be criminalized in England, provoking feminist and anti-feminist commentary. Thus, this article illuminates the salience of feminist constructions of sexual violence for digital news and points to broader social contestation over the meaning of rape fostered by digital media.
Finite difference method–based calculation of gravity deformation curve for the large-span beam of heavy-duty vertical lathe
Authors: Han Zhenyu , Wang Han , Shao Zhongxi , Fu Hongya , Jiang Hui , Wang Weishun
Published: April 2016

To solve the problem that gravity deformation curve of large-span cast-iron beam analyzed by finite element method simulation is inaccurate due to material imperfection, a discretization calculation considering the inhomogeneity of the material based on finite difference method is proposed. Supposing the flexural rigidity of the beam is different along the length, the continuous beam is discretized into segments based on finite difference method, and equivalent flexural rigidity is presented to characterize the inhomogeneity of the material. Correction model of bending deformation is constructed to revise the results of finite element method simulation applying equivalent flexural rigidity that could be obtained by combining the discretization model and deformation data acquired in a simple self-load experiment in which the beam is simply supported without any assembly process. Finally, flowchart of application is presented, and the approach is illustrated through an example from real case. The experimental results show that the computational accuracy is improved from 73.14% to 88.33%, compared with just finite element method simulation.
Design of intelligent locks based on the triple KeeLoq algorithm
Authors: Chen Huibin , Liu Jing , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: April 2016

KeeLoq algorithm with high security was usually used in wireless codec. Its security lack is indicated in this article according to the detailed rationale and the introduction of previous attack researches. Taking examples from Triple Data Encryption Standard algorithm, the triple KeeLoq codec algorithm was first proposed. Experimental results showed that the algorithm would not reduce powerful rolling effect and in consideration of limited computing power of embedded microcontroller three 64-bit keys were suitable to increase the crack difficulties and further improved its security. The method was applied to intelligent door access system for experimental verification. 16F690 extended Bluetooth or WiFi interface was employed to design the lock system on door. Key application was constructed on Android platform. The wireless communication between the lock on door and Android key application employed triple KeeLoq algorithm to ensure the higher security. Due to flexibility and multiformity (an Android key application with various keys) of software-based keys, the solution owned overwhelmed advantages of low cost, high security, humanity, and green environmental protection.
A new speed optimization algorithm with application in pickling and rolling line
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Wang Li , Zhang Dianhua , Jiao Qiaohui
Published: April 2016

In order to reduce equipment wear and operator pressure, as well as to improve the production efficiency of combined continuous pickling line and tandem cold rolling mill units, four sections’ speeds should be automatically optimized to control the three loopers’ abundance, which include the entry loopers’ entry speed, pickling speed, trimming speed, and tandem cold rolling mill entry speed. According to the optimal speed principle, a new optimization algorithm was proposed based on objective function. In this work, Nelder–Mead simplex method is applied to find the optimal solution by minimizing the objective function. In addition, the calculation of four initial speeds is specified, especially the initial tandem cold rolling mill entry speed. The proposed speed optimization algorithm was successfully applied to a 1450 mm continuous pickling line and tandem cold rolling mill. The acceleration and deceleration are smooth and steady when welding, trimming, or roll changing takes place in practice, the three loopers’ abundance are controlled in suitable range. Results show that the continuous pickling line unit could provide the material in maximum capacity to ensure that the tandem cold rolling mill unit’s production is efficient, and the rolling yield is greatly improved due to the decrease in the number of stops.
A novel nanoscratch device compatible with commercial microscope for in situ tests of materials’ mechanics
Authors: Li Ning , Zhao Hongwei , Zhang Peng , Shi Yue , Liu Yanchao , Jin Mingjun , Wang Hui , Dong Shan
Published: April 2016

For exploring the mechanical properties and behaviors of new materials, a novel in situ nanoscratch device compatible with commercial microscope has been developed. The developed device with specific dimensions of 178 mm × 165 mm × 78 mm includes the coarse positioning module, the precise feed module, the measurement module, and the control module. Integrating the servo motor, worm and gears, ball screw, flexure hinge, and piezoelectric actuator, the device can realize macroscopical coarse positioning motion and precise feed motion. A novel arrangement of load sensor and indenter with no middle chain is used to reduce the measurement error. Closed-loop control system is established to guarantee the accuracy of load and displacement control. Mechanical properties of the developed device have been proved by calibrating the load sensor, finite element analysis of flexure hinge, and verifying the output performance. The in situ nanoscratch test has been conducted on the single crystal copper. The captured images and finite element analysis prove the feasibility and accuracy of the developed device.
Assessing public sentiments and news preferences on Al Jazeera and Al Arabiya
Authors: Al-Rawi Ahmed
Published: April 2016

This article investigates the online comments made by Arab Facebook users on news items posted on the Facebook pages of two very popular TV channels: Al-Jazeera Arabic and Al-Arabiya. This study employs different methods to closely examine over 620,000 comments posted on the two Facebook pages as well as studying the most commented on news stories from a total of 11,685 news reports. The results indicate that commentators expressed some dominant sentiments that are mostly in line with the TV channels’ coverage of certain events, while certain news topics attracted most of the online public’s comments especially on Al Jazeera channel.
Pharmacological interventions into the renin–angiotensin system with ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists: effects beyond blood pressure lowering
Authors: Düsing Rainer
Published: April 2016

Hypertension is recognized as an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Lowering of blood pressure has been shown to minimize the risk of cardiovascular events, with the majority of antihypertensives demonstrating a similar ability to reduce coronary events and stroke for a given reduction in blood pressure. Agents that modify the activity of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) have been proposed to exhibit additional effects that might go beyond simple blood pressure lowering. The RAS is a crucial system that regulates extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure. Proposed potential benefits of RAS blockade that go beyond blood pressure lowering include a reduction in platelet aggregation and thrombosis, blunting of cardiac and vascular remodeling, favorable metabolic effects and reno- and cerebro-protection. However, factors such as treatment adherence, duration of action of antihypertensive agents and differences in effects on central versus brachial blood pressure may also result in apparent differences in efficacy of different antihypertensives. The aim of this review article is to examine the available data from clinical studies of antihypertensive drugs for evidence of effects that might legitimately be claimed to go beyond simple blood pressure lowering.