bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of Full and Half Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Planar Leaky Wave Antenna with Continuous Beam Scanning in X-Ku Band
Authors: Prakash Ved , Kumawat Sunita , Singh Priti
Published: March 2019

In this paper, substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and half mode substrate integrated waveguide (HM-SIW) periodic leaky wave antennas (LWAs) are presented for the antenna applications. The continuous beam scanning (CBS) is realized by optimizing the unit cell by matching its impedance to the characteristic impedance of the waveguide. This leaky wave antenna is capable of total 60 ° scanning from −38 ° to + 22 ° as the frequency changes from 10.17 GHz to 16.3 GHz with a maximum gain of 11 dBi. Moreover, for further miniaturization, HM-SIW technology is employed in the presented LWA. This LWA is also capable of CBS from −50 ° to + 26 ° in the frequency band of 10 GHz to 16.5 GHz with a maximum gain of 12 dBi. The final prototypes of the both these antenna are fabricated and measured results are in agreement with the simulated ones.
Microstrip Lowpass Filter with Ultra-Wide Stopband Using Folded Structures
Authors: Hayati M. , Najafi M. , Shama F. , Zarghami S.
Published: March 2019

In this article, a new microstrip lowpass filter with ultra-wide stopband using T-shaped resonators and folded structures is described. The structure of this filter is very simple, so that only a T-shaped resonator is used as main resonator without any particular changes in these resonators. The designed T-shaped main resonator has a −3 dB cut-off frequency of 1.4 GHz. On the other hand, T-shaped resonators with low base length are utilized as suppressing cells. To provide an ultra-wide stopband, two pair of T-shaped resonator and two high frequency suppressing cells are employed. The structure of this filter is folded to have compact size. The measured results shows −3 dB cut-off frequency of 1.4 GHz. The transition band is equal to 0.25 GHz from 1.4 to 1.65 GHz, with corresponding attenuation levels of −3 to −20 dB. The ultra-wide stopband with −22 dB suppression level is from 1.68 to 40 GHz. Also, the total size of the proposed lowpass filter is 16.8×11.3 mm2.
On Shalev's conjecture for type 𝐴𝑛and2𝐴𝑛
Authors: Galt Alexey , Kulshrestha Amit , Singh Anupam , Vdovin Evgeny
Published: March 2019

In the paper, we consider images of finite simple projective special linear and unitary groups under power words. In particular, we show that, ifG≃PSLnε⁡(q){G\simeq\operatorname{PSL}_{n}^{\varepsilon}(q)}, then, for every power word of typexM{x^{M}}, there exist constantscandNsuch that|ω⁢(G)|>c⁢ln⁡(n)⁢|G|n{\lvert\omega(G)\rvert>c\frac{\ln(n)\lvert G\rvert}{n}}whenever|G|>N{\lvert G\rvert>N}.
On laminar groups, Tits alternatives and convergence group actions on 𝑆2
Authors: Alonso Juan , Baik Hyungryul , Samperton Eric
Published: March 2019

Following previous work of the second author, we establish more properties of groups of circle homeomorphisms which admit invariant laminations. In this paper, we focus on a certain type of such groups, so-called pseudo-fibered groups, and show that many 3-manifold groups are examples of pseudo-fibered groups. We then prove that torsion-free pseudo-fibered groups satisfy a Tits alternative. We conclude by proving that a purely hyperbolic pseudo-fibered group acts on the 2-sphere as a convergence group. This leads to an interesting question if there are examples of pseudo-fibered groups other than 3-manifold groups.
Almost periodic solution of a discrete competitive system with delays and feedback controls
Authors: Xue Yalong , Xie Xiangdong , Lin Qifa
Published: March 2019

A discrete nonlinear almost periodic multispecies competitive system with delays and feedback controls is proposed and investigated. We obtain sufficient conditions to ensure the permanence of the system. Also, we establish a criterion for the existence and uniformly asymptotic stability of unique positive almost periodic solution of the system. In additional, an example together with its numerical simulation are presented to illustrate the feasibility of the main result.
Augmented, free and tensor generalized digroups
Authors: Rodríguez-Nieto José Gregorio , Salazar-Díaz Olga P. , Velásquez Raúl
Published: March 2019

The concept of generalized digroup was proposed by Salazar-Díaz, Velásquez and Wills-Toro in their paper “Generalized digroups” as a non trivial extension of groups. In this way, many concepts and results given in the category of groups can be extended in a natural form to the category of generalized digroups. The aim of this paper is to present the construction of the free generalized digroup and study its properties. Although this construction is vastly different from the one given for the case of groups, we will use this concept, the classical construction for groups and the semidirect product to construct the tensor generalized digroup as well as the semidirect product of generalized digroups. Additionally, we give a new structural result for generalized digroups using compatible actions of groups and an equivariant map from a group set to the group corresponding to notions of associative dialgebras and augmented racks.
Two monads on the category of graphs
Authors: Jenča Gejza
Published: March 2019

We introduce two monads on the category of graphs and prove that their Eilenberg-Moore categories are isomorphic to the category of perfect matchings and the category of partial Steiner triple systems, respectively. As a simple application of these results, we describe the product in the categories of perfect matchings and partial Steiner triple systems.
The minimal arity of near unanimity polymorphisms
Authors: Barto Libor , Draganov Ondřej
Published: March 2019

Dmitriy Zhuk has proved that there exist relational structures which admit near unanimity polymorphisms, but the minimum arity of such a polymorphism is large and almost matches the known upper bounds. We present a simplified and explicit construction of such structures and a detailed, self–contained proof.
On the logarithmic derivative of zeta functions for compact even-dimensional locally symmetric spaces of real rank one
Authors: Avdispahić Muharem , Gušić Dženan
Published: March 2019

We derive approximate formulas for the logarithmic derivative of the Selberg and the Ruelle zeta functions over compact, even-dimensional, locally symmetric spaces of real rank one. The obtained formulas are given in terms of zeta singularities.
Evaluation of sums involving products of Gaussian q-binomial coefficients with applications
Authors: Kiliç Emrah , Prodinger Helmut
Published: March 2019

Sums of products of two Gaussian q-binomial coefficients, are investigated, one of which includes two additional parameters, with a parametric rational weight function. By means of partial fraction decomposition, first the main theorems are proved and then some corollaries of them are derived. Then these q-binomial identities will be transformed into Fibonomial sums as consequences.
On the equivalence of various definitions of mixed poisson processes
Authors: Lyberopoulos Demetrios P. , Macheras Nikolaos D. , Tzaninis Spyridon M.
Published: March 2019

Under mild assumptions the equivalence of the mixed Poisson process with mixing parameter a real-valued random variable to the one with mixing probability distribution as well as to the mixed Poisson process in the sense of Huang is obtained, and a characterization of each one of the above mixed Poisson processes in terms of disintegrations is provided. Moreover, some examples of “canonical” probability spaces admitting counting processes satisfying the equivalence of all above statements are given. Finally, it is shown that our assumptions for the characterization of mixed Poisson processes in terms of disintegrations cannot be omitted.
Dynamics Analysis and Optimality in Selective Harvesting Predator-Prey Model With Modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-Type II
Authors: Abid W. , Yafia R. , Aziz-Alaoui M. A. , Aghriche Ahmed
Published: March 2019

In this work, we consider the optimal harvesting and stability problems of a prey-predator model with modified Leslie-Gower and Holling-type II functional response. The model is governed by a system of three differential equations which describe the interactions between prey, predator and harvesting effort. Boundedness and existence of solutions for this system are showed. The existence and local stability of the possible steady states are analyzed and the conditions of global stability of the interior equilibrium are established by using the Lyapunov function, we prove also the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation at this point. By using the Pontryagin’s maximal principle, we formulate and we solve the problem of the optimal harvest policy. In the end, some numerical simulations are given to support our theoretical results.
Crystal structure of poly[di-μ2-aqua)-diaqua-bis(μ6-4,4′,4′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(oxy))tribenzoato-κ6O1:O2:O3:O3:O5:O6)tricadmium(II)] dihydrate, C54H42Cd3O24
Authors: Zhang Peng , Su Yan
Published: March 2019

C54H42Cd3O24, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.9122(5) Å, b = 9.0693(6) Å, c = 18.6637(11) Å, β = 100.765(6)°, V = 1241.99(15) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0266, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0646, T = 293(2) K.
Hydrops Fetalis and Congenital Pulmonary Capillary Haemangiomatosis in a Premature Infant - A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Iacoi Anna , Brobeil Alexander , Götte Malena , Enzensberger Christian , Müller Vera , Gattenlöhner Stefan , Axt-Fliedner Roland
Published: March 2019

Pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare disorder of the lung, well described in adult literature. PCH is characterized by capillary proliferation, infiltrating the interstitium and alveolar walls. This leads to development of respiratory distress and to end-stage pulmonary hypertension. Mostly young adults are affected. The affection of newborn is described in less than ten cases in literature in the past forty years. PCH is a mostly deadly ending disease. We present a preterm born infant with antepartal diagnosed hydrops fetalis, who died 30 minutes after birth. Autopsy revealed PCH as lethal reason and not cardial disease as presumed before.
Non-reciprocal Transmission of Electromagnetic Waves in Asymmetric Photonic Crystals
Authors: Yu Guanxia , Du Wenwen , Zhang Xiaomeng , Luo Min , Xia Lijuan
Published: March 2019

The non-reciprocal transmission properties of transverse electric (TE) mode waves are investigated for two asymmetric, complex photonic crystals composed of magnetic gyrotropic and normal media. Three pairs of non-reciprocal transmission peaks in three different bandgaps for forward and backward waves occur because of optical Tamm states (OTSs) at the interface between the photonic crystals. Numerical results indicate that the non-reciprocal transmission properties are influenced by the incident angles, gyrotropic permeability, and number of layers of the photonic crystals. The asymmetric structure with multiple non-reciprocal transmission peaks at a certain incident angle can provide promising opportunities for the design of multichannel isolators.
Viscous Dissipation Effect on a Steady Generalised Couette Flow of Heat-Generating/Absorbing Fluid in a Vertical Channel
Authors: Ajibade Abiodun O. , Kabir Tafida M.
Published: March 2019

This article investigates the viscous dissipation effect on steady generalised Couette flow of heat-generating/absorbing fluid in a vertical channel. Equations of energy and momentum are obtained and solved using the homotopy perturbation method. The influences of the dimensionless flow parameter have been plotted graphically and discussed for varying values of the controlling parameters. During the course of computation, it is found that fluid temperature and velocity increase with an increase in viscous dissipation and also seen that growing mixed convection parameter Gre leads to a corresponding rise in temperature and velocity. It is further discovered that heat absorption leads to increase in the heat transfer on the heated wall. Finally, it is concluded that heat generation contributes to increase the mixed convection, hence, it requires decrease in mixed convection parameter to bring about a reverse flow near the stationary plate.
Serendipitous formation and characterization of K2[Pd(NO3)4]·2HNO3
Authors: Zoller Michael , Bruns Jörn , Heymann Gunter , Wurst Klaus , Huppertz Hubert
Published: March 2019

A potassium tetranitratopalladate(II) with the composition K2[Pd(NO3)4] · 2HNO3 was synthesized by a simple solvothermal process in a glass ampoule. The new compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21
/c (no. 14) with the lattice parameters a = 1017.15(4), b = 892.94(3), c = 880.55(3) Å, and β = 98.13(1)° (Z = 2). The crystal structure of K2[Pd(NO3)4] · 2HNO3 reveals isolated complex [Pd(NO3)4]2− anions, which are surrounded by eight potassium cations and four HNO3 molecules. The complex anions and the cations are associated in layers which are separated by HNO3 molecules. K2[Pd(NO3)4] · 2HNO3 can thus be regarded as a HNO3 intercalation variant of β-K2[Pd(NO3)4]. The characterization is based on single-crystal X-ray and powder X-ray diffraction.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Onto Acacia Modesta Carbon: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study
Authors: Alam Sultan , Rehman Noor , Amin Noor Ul , Khan Aslam , Ullah Hidayat
Published: March 2019

The adsorption of methylene blue was carried out by adsorbent prepared from Acacia modesta. The sample wood was collected from Dir lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. Chemical activation of the sample was conducted for surface efficiency. Surface of raw and activated sample was elucidated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Adsorption of methylene blue was studied on raw and activated samples by kinetics adsorption at different adsorption temperatures such as 20 °C, 30 °C and 40 °C. The adsorption equilibrium was established within 2 h. Elovich, Bhangam, and Parabolic diffusion equations were applied to the adsorption kinetics data and were found fit for adsorption. From adsorption kinetic data the parameters like ΔH≠, ΔS≠ and ΔE≠ were calculated and showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous process. Entropy in descending order shows that dye molecules adsorbed in an oriented position.
“That Free Play of Human Affection”: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance
Authors: Albrecht Thomas
Published: March 2019

Thomas Albrecht, “‘That Free Play of Human Affection’: The Humanist Ethics of Walter Pater’s The Renaissance” (pp. 486–521)

This essay aims to refute received, persistent misconceptions of Walter Pater’s Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873), and of aestheticism generally, as an asocial and amoral sensualism, and as a deliberate separating of art from human lives and the world. Contrary to these misconceptions, it finds a humanist ethical vision in The Renaissance, specifically in the essays Pater devotes to Botticelli, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. Drawing on an established post-Enlightenment, post-Romantic tradition of Victorian secular humanism, Pater defines this vision in terms of human sympathies for the feelings and suffering of other persons. And he defines it in aesthetic terms, in terms of art’s unique capacity to depict human feelings and suffering, and thereby to arouse sympathies in the viewer. At the same time, the essay contends that Pater in The Renaissance also defines his ethical vision in a more unprecedented, radical way. Beyond the solicitation of human sympathies, he frames it in terms of a fundamental uncertainty and unpredictability, a fundamental freedom and singularity, of human ethical relationships and responses. For Pater, this uncertainty and freedom are the qualities that make an ethics genuinely ethical. Pater finds these qualities, and this kind of genuine ethics, epitomized in the unpredictability and freedom of human aesthetic responses, including his own, to art and beauty.
Plurihormonal Pit-1 lineage adenoma presenting as meningitis with recurrence after somatostatin analogue
Authors: Olmedilla Yoko , Khan Shoaib , Young Victoria , Joseph Robin , Cudlip Simon , Ansgorge Olaf , Grossman Ashley , Pal Aparna
Published: March 2019

A 21 year-old woman was found to have a pituitary macroadenoma following an episode of haemophilus meningitis. Biochemical TSH and GH excess was noted, although with no clear clinical correlates. She was treated with a somatostatin analogue (SSA), which restored the euthyroid state and controlled GH hypersecretion, but she re-presented with a further episode of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and recurrent meningitis. Histology following transsphenoidal adenomectomy revealed a Pit-1 lineage plurihormonal adenoma expressing GH, TSH and PRL. Such plurihormonal pituitary tumours are uncommon and even more unusual to present with spontaneous bacterial meningitis. The second episode of CSF leak and meningitis appears to have been due to SSA therapy-induced tumour shrinkage, which is not a well-described phenomenon in the literature for this type of tumour.

Learning points:

Pit-1 lineage GH/TSH/PRL-expressing plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are uncommon. Moreover, this case is unique as the patient first presented with bacterial meningitis.

Inmunohistochemical plurihormonality of pituitary adenomas does not necessarily correlate with biochemical and clinical features of hormonal hypersecretion.

Given that plurihormonal Pit-1 lineage adenomas may behave more aggressively than classical pituitary adenomas, accurate pathological characterization of these tumours has an increasing prognostic relevance.

Although unusual, a CSF leak and meningitis may be precipitated by SSA therapy of a pituitary macroadenoma via tumour shrinkage.
Cushing syndrome: uncovering Carney complex due to novel PRKAR1A mutation
Authors: Zhang Catherine D , Pichurin Pavel N , Bobr Aleh , Lyden Melanie L , Young William F , Bancos Irina
Published: March 2019

Carney complex (CNC) is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by spotty pigmentation of the skin and mucosa in association with various non-endocrine and endocrine tumors, including primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD). A 20-year-old woman was referred for suspected Cushing syndrome. She had signs of cortisol excess as well as skin lentigines on physical examination. Biochemical investigation was suggestive of corticotropin (ACTH)-independent Cushing syndrome. Unenhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen did not reveal an obvious adrenal mass. She subsequently underwent bilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy, and histopathology was consistent with PPNAD. Genetic testing revealed a novel frameshift pathogenic variant c.488delC/p.Thr163MetfsX2 (ClinVar Variation ID: 424516) in the PRKAR1A gene, consistent with clinical suspicion for CNC. Evaluation for other clinical features of the complex was unrevealing. We present a case of PPNAD-associated Cushing syndrome leading to the diagnosis of CNC due to a novel PRKAR1A pathogenic variant.

Learning points:

PPNAD should be considered in the differential for ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, especially when adrenal imaging appears normal.

The diagnosis of PPNAD should prompt screening for CNC.

CNC is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome caused by inactivating pathogenic variants in the PRKAR1A gene.

Timely diagnosis of CNC and careful surveillance can help prevent potentially fatal complications of the disease.
Probes for the study of icy and subglacial environment of planets
Authors: Zelenchuk A. V. , Krylenkov V. A.
Published: March 2019

The article proposes a technology for increasing the thermic ice drilling rate under the influence of hydraulic force generated by the probe (or cryobot), which increases the coefficient of conversion of thermal energy into the energy of ice melting and allows increasing the power of thermal head of the probe. A single-wire Tesla system is proposed to use for the probe power supply, which makes it possible to reduce the volume of the cable and losses of transmitted energy. The method of the probe self-lifting to the ice surface without using the hydraulic force (traction), i.e. without a load on the cable, is proposed. To study thick (up to 5 km) ice sheets and subglacial water environments on the Earth, as well as the ice cover (up to 30 km thick) and the subglacial ocean of the Europe (the Jupiter’s satellite), conceptual principal designs of the probe (or cryobot) have been developed on the basis of thermic-hydraulic drilling (THD). Implementation of the THD‑cryobot designs will allow organizing systemic studies of glaciers and subglacial water environments on the Earth and other planets, not disturbing their ice isolation with multiple savings of financial and technical means, energy and time.
Baikal glacier system, new findings
Authors: Ananicheva M. D. , Pakin G. Yu. , Kononov Yu. M.
Published: March 2019

Three glaciers and other small glacial formations, which are not mentioned in the USSR Catalog of glaciers as well as in any published article, were found in the area of the Verkhneangarsky (upper Angara) Range on satellite images. Earlier, researchers from the Institute of Geography of Siberian Branch of RAS described a group of glaciers on the Baikal Mountains and the Barguzin Range, which together with the above group of the Verkhneangarsky Range are related to the Baikal basin by the climate conditions. Ogdynda-Maskit Glacier has been described on the spot in 2017, while other glaciers and snow patches are to be investigated in situ in 2018. Together with the above Baikal and Barguzin glaciers, new data allow identification of the Baikal Glacial system. The article presents analysis of climate changes in the region. Trends in mean annual temperature range from 1 to 4 °C/50 years, while the same of summer temperatures change from 1 to 3 °C/50 years, but without any evident spatial distribution between them. Another situation takes place in the spatial distribution of precipitation: trends in total precipitation decrease towards the Baikal Lake, while precipitation of the cold period, on the contrary, slightly increases towards the Lake, but with rather small trend – 10–40 mm per 50 years. The last fact confirms the influence of the Baikal basin on the alimentation of glaciers and snow patches on the Verkhneangarsky Range. Currently, glaciers of the Verkhneangarsky Range undergo a slow regression.
Changes of the mass balance of the Garabashy Glacier, Mount Elbrus, at the turn of 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Rototaeva O. V. , Nosenko G. A. , Kerimov A. M. , Kutuzov S. S. , Lavrentiev I. I. , Nikitin S. A. , Kerimov A. A. , Tarasova L. N.
Published: March 2019

Long-term series of observations on the glacier of the southern slope of Elbrus manifest the change of two climatic periods in the highlands of the Caucasus. During the first one, relatively cold and snowy period of 1982–1997 with a small positive mass balance, the Garabashi Glacier accumulated a layer of 0.8 m.e. The second period (1998–2017) is characterized by rising summer air temperatures and increasing precipitation in the first decade, and catastrophic melting in 2010–2017. The mass balance of the glacier averaged −0.63 m w.e. yr−1, and in some years it reached −1.00 ÷ −1.50 m w.e. yr−1. In the last ten years, frequency of vast anticyclones covering the southern part of the European part of Russia and the North Caucasus increased. Summer temperatures in the Elbrus region rose to almost the level of the 1950s that was the hottest decade of the XX century. Duration of the summer season on the glaciers increased. Active melting resulted in elevation of the equilibrium line of the Garabashy Glacier by 200 m. In the main part of the glacier alimentation area, i.e. at heights of 3800–4000 m, the large parts of the firn area had disappeared, but open ice of the ablation zone had appeared. The former areas of the "warm" firn zone, where up to 35% of melt water retained within the 20‑meter firn thickness, were replaced by the firn-ice zone, and the ice discharge increased. The glacier alimentation is decreased, and its tongue retreats with increasing velocity. Rocks and entire lava ridges release from ice at different levels of the glacier. The inter-annual variations of the glacier mass balance are controlled by intensity of ablation. In the second period, the correlation coefficient of these values reached 0.97 compared to 0.82 in the first one. In total over 36 years of observations, reduction of the glacier mass during the second period resulted in loss of volume (0.05 km3 or 14%), area (0.51 km2 or 11.4%), and of ice layer (11.4 m).
The GPR-based estimation of the volumetric ice content of dispersed ground in the Central Yakut lowland
Authors: Neradovsky L. G.
Published: March 2019

The previously unknown dependence between the volume ice content of frozen dispersed soils and their radiophysical properties (the speed of propagation and specific attenuation of the amplitude of electromagnetic waves) was studied in the layer of annual heat flows of Central Yakutia. The correlation between these characteristics determined in the laboratory and the method of discrete georadiolocation is established. The peculiarity of the connection is the sharp decline in the sensitivity of the propagation speed and the specific attenuation of electromagnetic waves in frozen dispersed soils with high volume ice content (more than  60%). In general, the specific attenuation of electromagnetic waves is more responsive to the change in the volume of ice content of frozen dispersed soils and, thus, it is more preferable to solve the problem of quantitative evaluation of this characteristic. The  proposed method of reusable measurements of signals of georadiolocation with changing position and azimuth of antennas of georadars in the vicinity of the network points of geological and geophysical observations allows to estimate the average values of the propagation speed and specific attenuation of electromagnetic waves with an error of not more than 10%. Due to this, according to the equations of logistic functions it is possible to calculate the average values of volume ice content with an error of 7–11%. With this error, the picture of the probability distribution according to the georadiolocation values of the volume ice content in the averages is completely identical to the laboratory data. On this basis, the found regression equations are recommended to be used for the calculation of the speed of propagation and specific attenuation of electromagnetic waves of background or average values of the volume ice content of frozen dispersed soils of the annual heat transfer layer in any part of the ice complex of the Central Yakut  lowland.
Rights of Small Peoples Living in the European North of Russia in the Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation
Authors: Kuznetsova Anna Yu.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The work is of relevance due to the ambiguity of the status of small peoples: legislation of many countries (including Russia), being aimed at supporting small ethnic groups, is difficult to implement in practice. The article intends to analyze the situation concerning small ethnic groups living in Russia, created by the system of legislative acts.

Materials and Methods. The study employed the method of content analysis, which allowed for a qualitative analysis of documents and their subsequent valid interpretation and comparison.

Results. It has been revealed that Russia has not ratified the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and has its own understanding of the term; therefore the state does not recognize the right of peoples to own lands and does not establish a dispute settlement procedure. In theory, Russia provides ethnic groups with a wide range of rights, for example, the right to use lands and the right to receive education in their mother tongue. However, imp lementation of these provisions is often limited or completely impossible due to insufficient resources or conflicts of laws. It has been identified that generally the legislation makes provision for strengthening the unity and integrity of the state as the main goal of the state national policy.

Discussion and Conclusion. The legislation on small peoples is of a declarative nature, so there is a need for regulation of relations between the state, enterprises and the indigenous population. Since the legislation is quite flexible due to changes in society, further monitoring of the acts adopted by the state on small ethnic groups and of the mechanisms introduced is necessary and appears to be a matter for further research.
Assisted Reproductive Technology and the Reproductive Behavior of Urban Youth (Experience of a Pilot Study)
Authors: Dadaeva Tatiana M. , Baranova Victoria V.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. The use of assisted reproductive technology in a situation of a demographic crisis can contribute to an increase in the birth rate among childless parents. The paper is of relevance as there is a need for a sociological analysis of the youth’s attitudes towards the use of assisted reproductive technology. The purpose of the article is to reveal significant factors affecting the youth’s attitudes towards assisted reproductive technology and its application, based on the results of a case study conducted among young people residing in the city of Saransk.

Materials and Methods. The study used the methods of analysis, comparison and correlation. The data of a pilot survey conducted among young people residing in the city of Saransk and statistics were used as the empirical base of the study. The data were collected on the basis of the methodology developed by the authors according to quota sampling (by sex, age and place of residence).

Results. The study has revealed the correlation between the respondents’ awareness of assisted reproductive technology and their level of education, age and marital status. It has been established that those respondents who took advantage of assisted reproductive technology, more often used such methods as in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and surrogacy. The authors have formulated proposals on the need for the state to increase funding for the assisted reproductive technology programs, when it concerns reproductive health, to allocate quotas, ensuring the availability of the technology for the enforcement of the reproductive rights in society, as well as to inform the public about new types of assisted reproductive technology.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the study can be used by the authorities, staff of reproductive health centers and in vitro fertilization clinics to develop and plan assisted reproductive technology programs, for conducting monitoring studies on the use of assisted reproductive technology. Prospects for the study are associated with conducting further in-depth qualitative research on parents using assisted reproductive technology.
Problems Associated with Implementation of Ethno-Cultural Tourism Programs in Rural Areas of the Udmurt Republic according to Expert Evaluation
Authors: Vlasova Tatiana A.
Published: March 2019

Introduction. In recent years, forms of funding and state support of rural settlements have been gradually transformed due to the mechanisms of project management. The study is of relevance due to the emerging commitment of regional and municipal authorities to use domestic tourism as a source of raising funds for socio-economic development. The purpose of the article is to reveal regional factors in the effective implementation of tourism programs in the context of coordinating the interests of cultural institutions and authorities.

Materials and Methods. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with officers of the ministries of the Udmurt Republic and directors of major museums in the city of Izhevsk.

Results. It has been established that the system of organization of activities in rural cultural institutions impedes productive segregation of duties and effective funding of cultural and tourist projects. The need to improve the mechanism of interaction between culture centers and local authorities has been revealed. In the situation when cultural institutions are experiencing a shortage of funding, implementation of a cultural project depends on the support from local governments. The study has shown that the heads of districts and municipalities do not always have sufficient budget funds, but can arrange for assistance from business entities. In this regard, coordination of the activities of rural cultural institutions and travel companies is of great importance.

Discussion and Conclusion. Combination of two factors is necessary for the successful development of intraregional tourism: the problems of tourism infrastructure should be the object of governmental regulation; regional legislation should be improved to harmonize the interests of stakeholders in the fields of culture and tourism. The results of the study are of practical importance and can be used both by heads of rural settlement, directors of culture centers to substantiate tasks focused on the development of specific villages, and by representatives of regional ministries and departments for managerial decision-making in the region.
A Brief Introduction to Two Manuscripts of Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā Found in Tibet
Authors: Liu Zhen
Published: March 2019

There are two Sanskrit manuscripts of Kṣemendra’s Bodhisattvāvadānakalpalatā preserved at Drepung Monastery in Tibet. The earlier one (according to the colophon) contains all the 108 avadānas comprising the whole text, while the later one only includes the last 61 avadānas. In this paper, we compare and analyse two paratextual elements of the extant versions, namely, pallava-endings and prologue, in order to know how frequently the translator Shong ton Rdo rje rgyal mtshan and the redactor Zha lu lotsāva Chos skyong bzang po used these two manuscripts.
Chromatographic methods for determination of finasteride and tamsulosin hydrochloride and in presence of finasteride degradation product
Authors: Monir Hany H. , Ali Alshimaa M. , Refat Rawnaa E. , Abbas Samah S.
Published: March 2019

Two sensitive and selective chromatographic methods were developed for determination of finasteride and tamsulosin hydrochloride in bulk powder and a pharmaceutical formulation. The first method was based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of the cited drugs in the presence of the acid degradation product of finasteride. The separation was achieved using a C18 column (300 mm × 3.9 mm; 10-μm particle size) and a mobile phase consisting of 0.04 M ortho-phosphoric acid (pH 3.5 ± 0.2 adjusted with triethylamine) and acetonitrile (50:50, v/v). Quantification was achieved with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 215 nm. Linearity was in the range of 10.00–110.00 μg/mL and 2.00–44.00 μg/mL for finasteride and tamsulosin hydrochloride, respectively. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)–densitometric method was achieved on an aluminum plates pre-coated with silica gel 60 F254 using toluene–ethanol–diethylamine (8:2:1.5, by volume) as eluent, and the RF values of tamsulosin hydrochloride and finasteride were 0.57 and 0.64, respectively. Quantification was achieved with UV detection at 250 nm for finasteride and 280 nm for tamsulosin hydrochloride. Linearity was in the range of 1.00–40.00 and 0.2.00–20.00 μg per spot for finasteride and tamsulosin hydrochloride, respectively. The results obtained were validated according to the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. A statistical comparison between the obtained results and the results of a reported method was carried out.
PENDUGAAN DAYA DUKUNG PERAIRAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA IKAN DALAM KERAMBA JARING APUNG DI WADUK PONDOK, NGAWI JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Aida Siti Nurul , Utomo Agus Djoko
Published: March 2019

Waduk Pondok seluas 407 Ha berada di Ngawi Jawa Timur, beroperasi sejak 1995 dan merupakan waduk serbaguna. Kegiatan budidaya ikan dengan keramba jaring apung (KJA) di Waduk tersebut sudah berkembang, hingga mencapai 126 petak pada tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kesuburan perairan, total fosfor yang terlepas dari KJA ke peraian dan mengestimasi daya dukung perairan untuk KJA. Tingkat kesuburan perairan dianalisa dengan nilai index status trofik (TSI). Estimasi daya dukung perairan untuk KJA menggunakan pendekatan model keseimbangan total fosfor (P) yang terlepas ke parairan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan waduk Pondok sudah termasuk dalam katagori perairan eutrofik dengan nilai TSI 62,1.Total P yang terlepas ke perairan sebesar 15,04 kg ton ikan. Daya dukung perairan untuk KJA adalah 195,2 ton /tahun (130 petak KJA). Jumlah KJA di Waduk Pondok ada 126 petak (189 ton) atau sudah mendekati daya dukung perairan, sehingga jumlahnya tidak dapat ditambah lagi.Pondok Reservoir as large as 407 hectares is located in Ngawi, East Java. The Reservoir was functionally started in 1995, is a multipurpose reservoir. Fish culture in Pondok Reservoir in 2016 reached 126 cages. The aim of this research is to evaluate the trophic status, the total of phosphorus released into the waters from floating net cage, and carrying capacity of the reservoir for fish culture. Trophic status of reservoir was analyzed trough calculating the TSI (Trophic Status Index). A phosphorus mass balance model was used in assessing the carrying capacity of the reservoir. Research hypotesis in this research is Pondok reservoir has reached eutrophic status, and cages number in Pondok reservoir has alreday exceeds carriying capacity. Pondok reservoir have been categorized as eutrophic status, with the value of TSI 62.1. Total P released to the waters is 15.04 kg P / ton of fish. The carrying capacity of Pondok Reservoir for fish culture is 195,2 ton / year (130 cages). The number fish culture in Pondok Reservoir is 126 cages (189 ton), has already approaching maximum number can not be added anymore.
PENGARUH LAMA WAKTU TEBAR PANCING DAN PERENDAMAN TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN ALBAKORA (Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre, 1788) DI SAMUDRA HINDIA BAGIAN TIMUR
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Rochman Fathur , Fahmi Zulkarnaen
Published: March 2019

Albakora (Thunnus alalunga) merupakan salah satu hasil tangkapan ikan ekonomis penting bagi nelayan rawai tuna di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman rawai tuna terhadap hasil tangkapan albakora. Pengumpulan data penelitian ini dilakukan oleh observer pada armada rawai tuna yang berfungsi di Samudra Hindia, dilakukan dari bulan Agustus 2005 hingga Agustus 2016. Lama waktu tebar pancing rawai tuna berkisar antara 2-9 jam dengan lama waktu perendaman 1-14 jam atau rata-rata 5 jam. Analisis sidik ragam satu arah menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang nyata pada lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman terhadap hasil tangkapan albakora (F9,1020=5,72; p<0,05). Uji Tukey menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu tebar pancing dan perendaman terbaik untuk menangkap albakora adalah masing-masing selama 4 & 5 jam dengan rata-rata laju tangkap sebesar 0,37/100 mata pancing. Nelayan armada rawai tuna disarankan untuk mengurangi lama waktu tebar pancing menjadi 4 jam dan tetap mempertahankan lama waktu perendaman 5 jam untuk memperoleh hasil tangkapan albokora secara maksimal.Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga) is one of the important economic catches for tuna longline fishermen in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of length of set and soak time of tuna longline vessels to the catch of albacore tuna. The research data was collected by scientific observer on the Indonesian tuna longline vessels and conducted from August 2005 to August 2016. In general, the length of set time on tuna longline vessels ranges from 2-9 hours with the length of soak time from 1-14 hours with average of 5 hours. One way Anova analysis showed that there was a significant difference on the length of set and soak time to the catch of albacore tuna (F9,1020=5,72; p<0,05). Tukey test showed that the best length of set and soak time to catch albacore tuna was 4 & 5 hours, respectively, with hook rates of 0.37/100 hooks. Fishermen of longline tuna vessels are suggested to reduce the length of set time into 4 hours and to maintain 5 hours of soak time to obtain maximum catch of albacore tuna.
Status Keberlanjutan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Mangrove Kabupaten Mempawah, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Khairuddin Benny , Yulianda Fredinan , Kusmana Cecep , - Yonvitner
Published: March 2019

Untuk mengelola ekosistem mangrove di Kabupaten Mempawah diperlukan suatu strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove secara terpadu dan berkelanjutan dilakukan dengan melakukan evaluasi status keberlanjutan melalui 21 indikator yang dikelompokkan kedalam empat dimensi yaitu ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, hukum dan kelembagaan.  Indikator-indikator tersebut diperoleh dari penelitian terdahulu, studi pustaka, CIFOR dan LEI menyangkut Sustainable forest management (SFM), serta berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan. Hasil modifikasi indikator tersebut dinamai Rap-MEcosytem pada skala (0-100) memperlihatkan status keberlanjutan pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove multidimensi dinyatakan cukup berkelanjutan dengan indeks 52,83 begitu halnya dimensi ekonomi 59,66, sosial 59,27 dan hukum/kelembagaan 52,33 sedangkan dimensi ekologi memiliki status kurang berkelanjutan 44,75 sehingga perlu mendapat prioritas perbaikan. Hasil evaluasi di lanjutkan dengan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) sehingga didapatkan strategi pengelolaan dengan prioritas : (a) melengkapi legalitas pengelolaan wilayah pesisir dengan menyusun Rencana zonasi Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP-3K) dan turunannya, (b) meningkatan personil, kapasitas, kualitas, sarana dan prasarana petugas penyuluh perikanan dan kelautan yang hanya berjumlah 5 orang serta penyuluh kehutanan yang berjumlah 6 orang, (c) melakukan reboisasi dan rehabilitasi ekosistem mangrove terutama di Kecamatan Sungai Pinyuh yang paling banyak mengalami degradasi.
CHUYỂN GEN CẢI BIẾN GDHA CÓ NGUỒN GỐC E.COLI VÀO CÂY THUỐC LÁ N. TABACUM
Authors: Pham Hang Thi
Published: March 2019

Gen gdhA mã hoá cho NAPH- GDH từ vi khuẩn E.coli khi biểu hiện trong cây thuốc lá đã làm tăng cường khả năng chống chịu thuốc bảo vệ thực vật, tăng sinh khối thực vật và tăng khả năng chịu hạn, ngoài ra khi biểu hiện ở cây ngô đã cho thấy gen gdhA giúp cây ngô tăng năng suất và sự tăng năng suất có được là nhờ cải thiện khả năng chịu đựng hạn của cây. Với mục đích có nguồn gen giá trị này, chúng tôi tiến hành phân lập gen gdhA từ chủng vi khuẩn E. coli JM109, tạo dòng và xác định trình tự gen gdhA để tìm sự khác biệt về gen trong chủng hiện có. Đồng thời, chúng tôi thực hiện cải biến trình tự gen gdhA bằng phần mềm OptimumGeneTM cho phù hợp với thực vật. Gen gdhA sau khi cải biến được ghép nối với promoter CaMV 35S và 35S terminator trong vector trung gian pRTRA 7/3 để tạo cấu trúc biểu hiện 35S::gdhA::35S. Cấu trúc này đã được chuyển vào vector pCAMBIA1300 tạo nên vector biểu hiện thực vật mang gen gdhA và biến nạp vector vào tế bào vi khuẩn A.tumefaciens chủng EHA105. Để kiểm tra sự biểu hiện của gen gdhA chúng tôi tiến hành chuyển cấu trúc biểu hiện gen gdhA vào cây mô hình thuốc lá N. tabacum K326 thông qua A. tumefaciens. Phân tích sự có mặt của gen trong 20 dòng cây thuốc lá chuyển gen bằng PCR và RT-PCR cho thấy 2/20 dòng thuốc lá chuyển gen có mang gen gdhA hoạt động ở mức độ phiên mã tạo mRNA. Sự biểu hiện của cấu trúc này ở cây thuốc lá cho thấy có thể sử dụng cấu trúc mang gen để chuyển gen gdhA vào cây trồng đích như cây ngô.
STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY NUTRITIONAL CUTIVATION OF ULVA PAPENFUSSII
Authors: Trung Vo Thanh
Published: March 2019

Genus Ulva is a popular growth in the wild. It has been used as food by coastal people and which is an attractive material for the study of materials, fuels, food ..., So we research on its nutritional cultivation. The species used in this study is Ulva papenfussii, it is large size suitable for nutritional cultivation. U. papenfussii is fragmented into 1x1cm size, then it keep in Ulva extract of 0.1 g/l concentrate in 7 days. Then continue to keep fragments in the following conditions: 10 ml/l of PES medium, 700 μm photon/m2/s of light, 25oC of temperature, 3% of salinity, 28 days of time. The result of the culture process was 17.8 g/l of weight and the growth rate was 4.3-6.5% day. The growth cultivate method of U. papenfussii is a potential research in the production of seaweed.
Regulation of apoptosis by IL-10 and the association with STAT-1 signaling molecule in dendritic cells
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Thi , Bach Phuong Thi Hoai , Nguyen Thuy Thu
Published: March 2019

IL-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, participating in induction of immune tolerance and cell apoptotic death. Dendritic cells (DCs) is the most professional antigen-presenting cells among innate immune cells to exert generation and maintenance of immunological memory mediated through activation of T and B lymphocytes. The STAT signalling pathway plays a regulatory role of maturation and differentiation of immune cells. In this study, DCs were treated with inflammatory cytokines including TNF-, INF, IL-2 and IL-10 and subsequently examined the phosphorylation of STAT-1 and STAT-3, TNF-α concetration in cell suspension and percents of Annexin V+ and caspase 3+ cells. Methods used for this investigation include western blotting, flow cytometry and ELISA. DCs were derived from mouse bone marrow cells and cultured with GM-CSF for 8 days. As a result, IL-10, but not other cytokines enhanced the number of Annexin V+cells and caspase 3 activity in DCs. More importantly, IL-10 also increased the phosphorylation of STAT-1 as well as the release of TNF-α into cell suspension. In conclusion, activation of STAT-1 might relate to the cell apoptotic death and TNF-α sectetion in IL-10-treated DCs.
The EMA Review of Mylotarg (Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin) for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Sahra , Dunmore Helen-Marie , Karres Dominik , Hay Justin L. , Salmonsson Tomas , Gisselbrecht Christian , Sarac Sinan B. , Bjerrum Ole W. , Hovgaard Doris , Barbachano Yolanda , Nagercoil Nithyanandan , Pignatti Francesco
Published: March 2019

On February 22, 2018, the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the medicinal product gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Pfizer, New York City, NY), intended for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Mylotarg was designated as an orphan medicinal product on October 18, 2000. The applicant for this medicinal product was Pfizer Limited (marketing authorization now held by Pfizer Europe MA EEIG).

The demonstrated benefit with Mylotarg is improvement in event-free survival. This has been shown in the pivotal ALFA-0701 (MF-3) study. In addition, an individual patient data meta-analysis from five randomized controlled trials (3,325 patients) showed that the addition of Mylotarg significantly reduced the risk of relapse (odds ratio [OR] 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73–0.90; p = .0001), and improved overall survival at 5 years (OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.82–0.98; p = .01) [Lancet Oncol 2014;15:986–996]. The most common (>30%) side effects of Mylotarg when used together with daunorubicin and cytarabine are hemorrhage and infection.

The full indication is as follows: “Mylotarg is indicated for combination therapy with daunorubicin (DNR) and cytarabine (AraC) for the treatment of patients age 15 years and above with previously untreated, de novo CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML), except acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL).”

The objective of this article is to summarize the scientific review done by the CHMP of the application leading to regulatory approval in the European Union. The full scientific assessment report and product information, including the Summary of Product Characteristics, are available on the European Medicines Agency website (www.ema.europa.eu).
If Walls Could Talk
Authors: Adashek Jacob J.
Published: March 2019

A cancer survivor describes a personal cancer journey from patient to survivor to physician and the clarity gained from this big-picture viewpoint.