bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling clinical DNA fragmentation in the development of universal PCR-based assays for bisulfite-converted, formalin-fixed and cell-free DNA sample analysis
Authors: Johnston Andrew D. , Lu Jennifer , Korbie Darren , Trau Matt
Published: September 2022

In fragmented DNA, PCR-based methods quantify the number of intact regions at a specific amplicon length. However, the relationship between the population of DNA fragments within a sample and the likelihood they will amplify has not been fully described. To address this, we have derived a mathematical equation that relates the distribution profile of a stochastically fragmented DNA sample to the probability that a DNA fragment within that sample can be amplified by any PCR assay of arbitrary length. Two panels of multiplex PCR assays for quantifying fragmented DNA were then developed: a four-plex panel that can be applied to any human DNA sample and used to estimate the percentage of regions that are intact at any length; and a two-plex panel optimized for quantifying circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). For these assays, regions of the human genome least affected by copy number aberration were identified and selected; within these copy-neutral regions, each PCR assay was designed to amplify both genomic and bisulfite-converted DNA; and all assays were validated for use in both conventional qPCR and droplet-digital PCR. Finally, using the cfDNA-optimized assays we find evidence of universally conserved nucleosome positioning among individuals.
Brain correlates of action word memory revealed by fMRI
Authors: Shebani Zubaida , Carota Francesca , Hauk Olaf , Rowe James B. , Barsalou Lawrence W. , Tomasello Rosario , Pulvermüller Friedemann
Published: September 2022

Understanding language semantically related to actions activates the motor cortex. This activation is sensitive to semantic information such as the body part used to perform the action (e.g. arm-/leg-related action words). Additionally, motor movements of the hands/feet can have a causal effect on memory maintenance of action words, suggesting that the involvement of motor systems extends to working memory. This study examined brain correlates of verbal memory load for action-related words using event-related fMRI. Seventeen participants saw either four identical or four different words from the same category (arm-/leg-related action words) then performed a nonmatching-to-sample task. Results show that verbal memory maintenance in the high-load condition produced greater activation in left premotor and supplementary motor cortex, along with posterior-parietal areas, indicating that verbal memory circuits for action-related words include the cortical action system. Somatotopic memory load effects of arm- and leg-related words were observed, but only at more anterior cortical regions than was found in earlier studies employing passive reading tasks. These findings support a neurocomputational model of distributed action-perception circuits (APCs), according to which language understanding is manifest as full ignition of APCs, whereas working memory is realized as reverberant activity receding to multimodal prefrontal and lateral temporal areas.
Post-measurement compressed calibration for ICP-MS-based metal quantification in mine residues bioleaching
Authors: Rito Beatriz , Almeida Diogo , Coimbra Carina , Vicente Diogo , Francisco Romeu , Branco Rita , Weigand Harald , Morais Paula Vasconcelos
Published: September 2022

Bioleaching is an actual economical alternative to treat residues, which allows, depending on the chosen strategy, two possible outcomes: (1) a leachate enriched with target metals, or (2) a residue enriched in target metals through the leaching of interfering components (IC). This work aimed to study the metals released by bioprocessing the Panasqueira mine tailings, as a strategy to increase critical metals' relative concentration in residues. Biostimulation of the local microbiota was compared to a bioaugmentation approach using the autochthonous Diaphorobacter polyhydroxybutyrativorans strain B2A2W2. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was selected to study the metals released in the leachate through multi-element external standards. A new data treatment method was developed to use a preliminary sweep of intensities to quantify the non-initial target metals concentration in the leachate, based on preliminary ICP-MS intensity measurements. The results demonstrated that biostimulation was an efficient bioleaching strategy for the IC silicon, aluminium, magnesium, selenium, manganese, zinc, iron, and copper, by decreasing concentration, resulting in a relative increase in the gallium and yttrium (10x) levels in the treated residue. The strategy followed to quantify a large number of elements with ICP-MS using a reduced number of data points for calibration proved valid and speeded up the analytical process.
Urge-tic associations in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome
Authors: Langelage Jennifer , Verrel Julius , Friedrich Julia , Siekmann Alina , Schappert Ronja , Bluschke Annet , Roessner Veit , Paulus Theresa , Bäumer Tobias , Frings Christian , Beste Christian , Münchau Alexander
Published: September 2022

Premonitory urges preceding tics are a cardinal feature of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS), a developmental disorder usually starting during middle childhood. However, the temporal relation between urges and tics has only been investigated in adults. In 25 children and adolescents with GTS (8–18 years), we assess urge-tic associations, including inter-individual differences, correlation to clinical measures, and in comparison to a previously reported sample of adult GTS patients. Group-level analyses confirmed positive associations between urges and tics. However, at the individual level, less than half of participants showed positive associations, a similar proportion did not, and in two participants, the association was reversed. Tic expression and subjective urge levels correlated with corresponding clinical scores and participants with more severe tics during the urge monitor exhibited stronger urge-tic associations. Associations between reported urge levels and instantaneous tic intensity tended to be less pronounced in children and adolescents than in adult GTS patients. The observed heterogeneity of urge-tic associations cast doubt on the notion that tics are directly caused by urges. More severe tics may facilitate anticipation of tics and thereby lead to more pronounced urge-tic associations, consistent with a hypothesis of urges as a byproduct of tics.
Calibrating the zenith of dinosaur diversity in the Campanian of the Western Interior Basin by CA-ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronology
Authors: Ramezani Jahandar , Beveridge Tegan L. , Rogers Raymond R. , Eberth David A. , Roberts Eric M.
Published: September 2022

The spectacular fossil fauna and flora preserved in the Upper Cretaceous terrestrial strata of North America’s Western Interior Basin record an exceptional peak in the diversification of fossil vertebrates in the Campanian, which has been termed the ‘zenith of dinosaur diversity’. The wide latitudinal distribution of rocks and fossils that represent this episode, spanning from northern Mexico to the northern slopes of Alaska, provides a unique opportunity to gain insights into dinosaur paleoecology and to address outstanding questions regarding faunal provinciality in connection to paleogeography and climate. Whereas reliable basin-wide correlations are fundamental to investigations of this sort, three decades of radioisotope geochronology of various vintages and limited compatibility has complicated correlation of distant fossil-bearing successions and given rise to contradictory paleobiogeographic and evolutionary hypotheses. Here we present new U–Pb geochronology by the CA-ID-TIMS method for 16 stratigraphically well constrained bentonite beds, ranging in age from 82.419 ± 0.074 Ma to 73.496 ± 0.039 Ma (2σ internal uncertainties), and the resulting Bayesian age models for six key fossil-bearing formations over a 1600 km latitudinal distance from northwest New Mexico, USA to southern Alberta, Canada. Our high-resolution chronostratigraphic framework for the upper Campanian of the Western Interior Basin reveals that despite their contrasting depositional settings and basin evolution histories, significant age overlap exists between the main fossil-bearing intervals of the Kaiparowits Formation (southern Utah), Judith River Formation (central Montana), Two Medicine Formation (western Montana) and Dinosaur Park Formation (southern Alberta). Pending more extensive paleontologic collecting that would allow more rigorous faunal analyses, our results support a first-order connection between paleoecologic and fossil diversities and help overcome the chronostratigraphic ambiguities that have impeded the testing of proposed models of latitudinal provinciality of dinosaur taxa during the Campanian.
Motor unit number index (MUNIX) in the D50 disease progression model reflects disease accumulation independently of disease aggressiveness in ALS
Authors: Ebersbach Theresa , Roediger Annekathrin , Steinbach Robert , Appelfeller Martin , Tuemmler Anke , Stubendorff Beatrice , Schuster Simon , Herdick Meret , Axer Hubertus , Witte Otto W. , Grosskreutz Julian
Published: September 2022

The neurophysiological technique motor unit number index (MUNIX) is increasingly used in clinical trials to measure loss of motor units. However, the heterogeneous disease course in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) obfuscates robust correlations between clinical status and electrophysiological assessments. To address this heterogeneity, MUNIX was applied in the D50 disease progression model by analyzing disease aggressiveness (D50) and accumulation (rD50 phase) in ALS separately. 237 ALS patients, 45 controls and 22 ALS-Mimics received MUNIX of abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi (ADM) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. MUNIX significantly differed between controls and ALS patients and between ALS-Mimics and controls. Within the ALS cohort, significant differences between Phase I and II revealed in MUNIX, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and motor unit size index (MUSIX) of APB as well as in MUNIX and CMAP of TA. For the ADM, significant differences occurred later in CMAP and MUNIX between Phase II and III/IV. In contrast, there was no significant association between disease aggressiveness and MUNIX. In application of the D50 disease progression model, MUNIX can demonstrate disease accumulation already in early Phase I and evaluate effects of therapeutic interventions in future therapeutic trials independent of individual disease aggressiveness.
Effects of vigor at work and weekly physical activity on job stress and mental health
Authors: Cortés-Denia Daniel , Isoard-Gautheur Sandrine , Lopez-Zafra Esther , Pulido-Martos Manuel
Published: September 2022

This study explores the role of personal resources, specifically vigor at work (a positive affect generated by the ongoing interactions in the workplace) and weekly physical activity (PA), in the stress-mental health relationship, given the positive relationships found between PA and levels of vigor experienced on health. Thus, we hypothesized that vigor at work would mediate the relationship between job stress and workers' mental health, whereas weekly PA would moderate the relationship between stress and vigor at work. Five hundred and twenty-seven workers completed self-report scales for stress, weekly PA, vigor at work, and mental health. The results showed that vigor at work was related to better mental health, whereas stress was related to high psychological problems and low vigor at work. The interaction between stress and weekly PA on vigor was significant, indicating a counterproductive effect of weekly PA. Specifically, the negative relationship between stress and vigor at work was greater when doing weekly PA. In this vein, high levels of weekly PA would not have a favorable impact when workers experience high levels of stress, consuming part of vigor at work and reducing the positive effect of vigor at work on mental health by coping with stress.
An efficient and accurate interpolation method for parametric curve machining
Authors: Wei Juan , Sun Chao , Zhang Xue-jing , Wang Er-jie , Law Deify
Published: September 2022

A subsection interpolation method based on the curve curvature threshold is proposed to resolve the incompatible problem of machining accuracy and machining efficiency in parametric curve machining. In the pre-interpolation stage, the curve curvature threshold is calculated based on geometric and kinematic constraints. The subsection interpolation key points and their nominal velocities are then determined from the curvature threshold points and the start and end points of the curve, and the arc length of each subsegment can be calculated based on the adaptive Simpson method. As a result, the S-type speed planning algorithm and the bidirectional speed scanning algorithm are used to update and realize the global speed curve to reduce the speed fluctuation. In the real-time interpolation stage, the curve interpolation parameters are calculated using the parametric modified second-order Runge–Kutta method, which could improve the interpolation accuracy significantly and also shorten the interpolation time. Finally, it is found using numerical cases that the proposed method can smooth the overall interpolation speed, reduce the speed fluctuation effectively and improve the real-time performance of the interpolation.
Controlled transitions between metastable states of 2D magnetocapillary crystals
Authors: Collard Ylona , Piñan Basualdo Franco N. , Bolopion Aude , Gauthier Michaël , Lambert Pierre , Vandewalle Nicolas
Published: September 2022

Magnetocapillary interactions between particles allow to self-assemble floating crystals along liquid interfaces. For a fixed number of particles, different states possessing different symmetrical features, known as metastable states, coexist. In this paper, we demonstrate how to trigger the transition from one state to another, either by rearranging the crystal, or by controlling its growth. First, we show that externally controlled magnetic fields can squeeze the entire crystal to induce structural modifications, that upon relaxation can lead to a modified state. Second, we propose localized laser-induced thermocapillary flows that can be used to guide new particles towards an existing crystal in a desired direction, thus favoring a particular resulting state. The control of the formation of metastable states is a key ingredient to functionalize such assemblies, paving the way to self-assembled microrobots.
Actomyosin contractility as a mechanical checkpoint for cell state transitions
Authors: Venkatachalapathy Saradha , Sreekumar Dyuthi , Ratna Prasuna , Shivashankar G. V.
Published: September 2022

Cell state transitions induced by mechano-chemical cues result in a heterogeneous population of cell states. While much of the work towards understanding the origins of such heterogeneity has focused on the gene regulatory mechanisms, the contribution of intrinsic mechanical properties of cells remains unknown. In this paper, using a well-defined single cell platform to induce cell-state transitions, we reveal the importance of actomyosin contractile forces in regulating the heterogeneous cell-fate decisions. Temporal analysis of laterally confined growth of fibroblasts revealed sequential changes in the colony morphology which was tightly coupled to the progressive erasure of lineage-specific transcription programs. Pseudo-trajectory constructed using unsupervised diffusion analysis of the colony morphology features revealed a bifurcation event in which some cells undergo successful cell state transitions towards partial reprogramming. Importantly, inhibiting actomyosin contractility before the bifurcation event leads to more efficient dedifferentiation. Taken together, this study highlights the presence of mechanical checkpoints that contribute to the heterogeneity in cell state transitions.
The Golgi-localized sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase is indispensable for Leishmania major
Authors: Okundaye Brian , Biyani Neha , Moitra Samrat , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2022

Sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase (SPP) catalyzes the dephosphorylation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) into sphingosine, the reverse reaction of sphingosine kinase. In mammals, S1P acts as a potent bioactive molecule regulating cell proliferation, migration, and immunity. In Leishmania, S1P production is crucial for the synthesis of ethanolamine and choline phospholipids, and cell survival under stress conditions. To better understand the roles of S1P, we characterized a SPP ortholog in Leishmania major which displays activity towards S1P but not structurally related lipids such as ceramide-1-phosphate or lysophosphatidic acid. While this enzyme is found in the endoplasmic reticulum in mammalian cells, L. major SPP is localized at the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, chromosomal SPP alleles cannot be deleted from L. major even with the addition of a complementing episome, suggesting that endogenously expressed SPP is essential. Finally, SPP overexpression in L. major leads to a slower growth rate and heightened sensitivity to brefeldin A and sodium orthovanadate. Together, these results suggest that the equilibrium between S1P and sphingosine is vital for the function of Golgi apparatus in Leishmania.
Automated detection of enlarged extraocular muscle in Graves’ ophthalmopathy with computed tomography and deep neural network
Authors: Hanai Kaori , Tabuchi Hitoshi , Nagasato Daisuke , Tanabe Mao , Masumoto Hiroki , Miya Sakurako , Nishio Natsuno , Nakamura Hirohiko , Hashimoto Masato
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to develop a diagnostic software system to evaluate the enlarged extraocular muscles (EEM) in patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) by a deep neural network.This prospective observational study involved 371 participants (199 EEM patients with GO and 172 controls with normal extraocular muscles) whose extraocular muscles were examined with orbital coronal computed tomography. When at least one rectus muscle (right or left superior, inferior, medial, or lateral) in the patients was 4.0 mm or larger, it was classified as an EEM patient with GO. We used 222 images of the data from patients as the training data, 74 images as the validation test data, and 75 images as the test data to “train” the deep neural network to judge the thickness of the extraocular muscles on computed tomography. We then validated the performance of the network. In the test data, the area under the curve was 0.946 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.894–0.998), and receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated 92.5% (95% CI 0.796–0.984) sensitivity and 88.6% (95% CI 0.733–0.968) specificity. The results suggest that the deep learning system with the deep neural network can detect EEM in patients with GO.
Head-to-head comparison of 99mTc-PSMA and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in diagnosing prostate cancer bone metastasis: a prospective, comparative imaging trial
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Zhiyi , Li Tao , Wei Yongbao , Yu Mingdian , Ye Liefu , Cai Yuqing , Yang Shengping , Zhang Yanmin , Shi Yuanying , Chen Wenxin
Published: September 2022

The most common site of metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) is bone. Skeletal-related events can increase the risk of death in patients with PCa by 28%. Due to the low detection rate of lesions in patients with low prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, the value of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) bone scintigraphy is limited. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a small molecular probe that can efficiently and specifically detect PCa lesions. This prospective study aimed to evaluate the difference between 99mTc-PSMA single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in the detection of bone metastasis in PCa. A total of 74 men with pathologically confirmed PCa from October 2019 to November 2021 were prospectively enrolled in this study. The median age was 70 (range, 55–87) years. All patients underwent both 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT at an average interval of 12.1 (range, 1–14) days. The detected imaging-positive bone lesions were scored as “typical metastasis” or “equivocal metastasis” by a standard reporting schema. Subsequent therapy modality details were observed through follow-up. Twenty-five of the 74 patients were diagnosed with bone metastases. 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT and 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT detected 20 and 18 bone metastases, with sensitivities of 80.0% (20/25) and 72.0% (18/25), specificities of 100.0% (49/49) and 81.3% (40/49), and AUCs of 88.0% and 84.9%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the AUC between the two imaging methods (P < 0.001). In an analysis of the number of bone metastasis lesions, the proportion of “typical metastasis” versus “equivocal metastasis” detected by the two imaging methods was 26.3:1 (PSMA) and 2.9:1 (MDP), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). There was a significant difference in the detection of bone metastatic lesions by 99mTc-PSMA and 99mTc-MDP when the maximum diameter of the lesions was ≤ 0.6 cm (P < 0.05). The optimal cut-off value for PSA was 2.635 ng/mL (PSMA) and 15.275 ng/mL (MDP). 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT led to a change in management to a more individualized therapy modality for 11 of 74 men (14.9%). 99mTc-PSMA SPECT/CT was superior to 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in the detection of bone metastases in PCa, especially for small lesions and in patients with low PSA levels, and demonstrated an additional benefit of providing information on extraskeletal metastases. With regard to therapy, 99mTc-PSMA scans might have utility in improving the subsequent therapy modality.
Thermal inactivation of African swine fever virus in feed ingredients
Authors: Songkasupa Tapanut , Boonpornprasert Prakit , Suwankitwat Nutthakarn , Lohlamoh Walaiporn , Nuengjamnong Chackrit , Nuanualsuwan Suphachai
Published: September 2022

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a fatal infectious disease affecting domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV is highly stable and easily transmitted by consumption of contaminated swine feed and pork products. Heat treatment of feed ingredients is a means to minimize the risk of contamination through swine feed consumption. The objectives of this study were to determine the thermal inactivation of ASFV in non-animal and animal origin feed ingredients. The rate of thermal inactivation is represented by decimal reduction time (DT) or time required to reduce ASFV per 1 log at temperature T. The mean D60, D70, D80 and D85 of meat and bone meal (MBM), soybean meal (SBM), and maize grain (MZ) are in the ranges 5.11–6.78, 2.19–3.01, 0.99–2.02, and 0.16–0.99 min, respectively. DT is used to compare the heat resistance of ASFV in the feed ingredient matrices. The mean DT of ASFV in MBM, SBM and MZ was not statistically significant, and the heat resistance of ASFV in MBM, SBM, and MZ was not different at 60, 70, 80, or 85 °C. The multiple DT was used to develop a DT model to predict DT at various inactivation temperatures. The DT models for MBM, SBM, and MZ are log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{32.08}} \right)$$

T

32.08

 + 2.69, log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{31.77}} \right)$$

T

31.77

 + 2.55, and log DT = − $$\left( {\frac{T}{18.96}} \right)$$

T

18.96

 + 4.01. To expand and ease the field applications, a spreadsheet predicting the DT and the inactivation time (with 95% confidence interval) from these DT models is available to download.
Experimental investigations on the growth of wall-attached bubble in total dissolved gas supersaturated water
Authors: Lin Lu , Li Ran , Feng Jingjie , Liu Shengyun , Zou Qin , Cheng Xiaolong , Lin Honghui
Published: September 2022

Due to dam discharge, waterfalls, sudden increases in water temperature and oxygen production by photosynthesis, the total dissolved gas (TDG) in water is often supersaturated, which may have serious effects on aquatic ecology. When the atmospheric pressure is lower than the TDG pressure in water, the supersaturated dissolved gas in water will slowly release into air. Wall-attached bubbles were formed during the TDG release process. The generation and departure of wall-attached bubbles influence the release process of TDG in water. To simulate the growth period of the wall-attached bubbles under different pressures, a decompression experimental device was designed to record the supersaturated TDG release process. Based on experimental data and mathematical calculations, the quantitative relationship between the bubble growth rate and environmental pressure was obtained. The supersaturated TDG dissipation rate increases monotonically with increasing relative vacuum degree. Applied the calculation method about the wall-attached bubble growth rate, a formula of the supersaturated TDG adsorption flux was proposed, and a prediction method of the TDG release coefficient was established. The simulation results show that with the increasing relative vacuum degree, the TDG release coefficient increases correspondingly, and the adsorption from wall surface area can be obviously promoted. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the accurate calculation of the TDG release process and provides a scientific basis for the accurate prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of supersaturated TDG under different pressure and solid wall conditions.
Ranking the environmental factors of indoor air quality of metropolitan independent coffee shops by Random Forests model
Authors: Lin Yu-Wen , Tang Chin-Sheng , Liu Hsi-Chen , Lee Tzu-Ying , Huang Hsiao-Yun , Hsu Tzu-An , Chang Li-Te
Published: September 2022

Independent coffee shops are the alternative workplaces for people working remotely from traditional offices but are not concerned about their indoor air quality (IAQ). This study aimed to rank the environmental factors in affecting the IAQ by Random Forests (RFs) models. The indoor environments and human activities of participated independent coffee shops were observed and recorded for 3 consecutive days including weekdays and weekend during the business hours. The multi-sized particulate matter (PM), particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (p-PAHs), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), CO, CO2, temperature and relative humidity were monitored. RFs models ranked the environmental factors. More than 20% of the 15-min average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and CO2 exceeded the World Health Organization guidelines. Occupant density affected TVOCs, p-PAHs and CO2 concentrations directly. Tobacco smoking dominated PM10, PM2.5, TVOCs and p-PAHs concentrations mostly. CO concentration was affected by roasting bean first and tobacco smoking secondly. The non-linear relationships between temperature and these pollutants illustrated the relative low concentrations happened at temperature between 22 and 24 °C. Tobacco smoking, roasting beans and occupant density are the observable activities to alert the IAQ change. Decreasing CO2 and optimizing the room temperature could also be the surrogate parameters to assure the IAQ.
Construction of hematoxylin–eosin, immunohistochemistry, and EBER-ISH methodology after trichloroisocyanuric acid treatment in melanin-containing tissues
Authors: Wang Chaoshan , Yang Xia , Wang Ting , Wang Ya , Shi Jiong , Sun Qi , Wang Yihua , Wu Hongyan
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the effects of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) on the bleaching and morphology of melanin-containing pathological sections. The pathological sections of 27 patients with high melanin content were bleached with 0.5% potassium permanganate, 10% hydrogen peroxide, and different concentrations of TCCA. Significant differences were found among the blank control group, 1% TCCA group (P < 0.0001). The hematoxylin–eosin (HE) score of the "recovery pH" HE staining group after treatment with 1% TCCA was similar to that of the "Conventional HE" scheme group (P > 0.05). The morphological diagnostic scores of 50 cases of pathological sections with different melanin content before and after TCCA bleaching were compared. The results showed a significant difference in the diagnostic score between the middle- and high-melanin content groups before and after 1% TCCA bleaching (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining was performed on meningeal melanoma tissue. For this, 8% TCCA solution was used to remove melanin after Ki67, S100, and β-catenin immunohistochemical staining. After bleaching with TCCA, the staining and positioning of each marker with different localization were accurate and the background was clear. The same results were also shown with EBER-ISH. This study concluded that 1% TCCA could be used for HE staining of pathological sections containing melanin, and "restore pH" HE scheme as the staining method after TCCA melanin removal. Further, 8% TCCA was used for bleaching after immunohistochemical DAB staining. Melanin can be completely removed, and sections can meet diagnostic needs.
Integrative functional analysis uncovers metabolic differences between Candida species
Authors: Begum Neelu , Lee Sunjae , Portlock Theo John , Pellon Aize , Nasab Shervin Dokht Sadeghi , Nielsen Jens , Uhlen Mathias , Moyes David L. , Shoaie Saeed
Published: September 2022

Candidaspecies are a dominant constituent of the human mycobiome and associated with the development of several diseases. Understanding theCandidaspecies metabolism could provide key insights into their ability to cause pathogenesis. Here, we have developed the BioFung database, providing an efficient annotation of protein-encoding genes. Along, with BioFung, using carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZymes) analysis, we have uncovered core and accessory features acrossCandidaspecies demonstrating plasticity, adaption to the environment and acquired features. We show a greater importance of amino acid metabolism, as functional analysis revealed that allCandidaspecies can employ amino acid metabolism. However, metabolomics revealed that only a specific cluster of species (AGAu species—C. albicans, C. glabrataandC. auris) utilised amino acid metabolism including arginine, cysteine, and methionine metabolism potentially improving their competitive fitness in pathogenesis. We further identified critical metabolic pathways in the AGAu cluster with biomarkers and anti-fungal target potential in the CAZyme profile, polyamine, choline and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways. This study, combining genomic analysis, and validation with gene expression and metabolomics, highlights the metabolic diversity with AGAu species that underlies their remarkable ability to dominate they mycobiome and cause disease.
Kinetics of phagosome maturation is coupled to their intracellular motility
Authors: Yu Yanqi , Zhang Zihan , Walpole Glenn F. W. , Yu Yan
Published: September 2022

Immune cells degrade internalized pathogens in phagosomes through sequential biochemical changes. The degradation must be fast enough for effective infection control. The presumption is that each phagosome degrades cargos autonomously with a distinct but stochastic kinetic rate. However, here we show that the degradation kinetics of individual phagosomes is not stochastic but coupled to their intracellular motility. By engineering RotSensors that are optically anisotropic, magnetic responsive, and fluorogenic in response to degradation activities in phagosomes, we monitored cargo degradation kinetics in single phagosomes simultaneously with their translational and rotational dynamics. We show that phagosomes that move faster centripetally are more likely to encounter and fuse with lysosomes, thereby acidifying faster and degrading cargos more efficiently. The degradation rates increase nearly linearly with the translational and rotational velocities of phagosomes. Our results indicate that the centripetal motion of phagosomes functions as a clock for controlling the progression of cargo degradation.
Pathways and their usage in the conversion of carbohydrates by aqueous barium hydroxide: insights from hyperpolarized and quantitative NMR
Authors: Hansen Allan R. E. , Jensen Pernille R. , Meier Sebastian
Published: September 2022

Elusive intermediates and products were visualized in the conversion of glucose in aqueous barium hydroxide. Competing pathways resembling different biochemical glycolysis pathways were observed in this manner.
Insertion chemistry of iron(ii) boryl complexes
Authors: Narro Ana L. , Arman Hadi D. , Tonzetich Zachary J.
Published: September 2022

Iron(ii) boryl complexes of a pincer ligand are accessible through metathesis reactions between B2R2and phenoxide precursors. The compounds demonstrate insertion chemistry with several unsaturated substrates leading to new organometallic complexes.
Persistent, mobile, and toxic plastic additives in Canada: properties and prioritization
Authors: Fries Eric , Grewal Tanjot , Sühring Roxana
Published: September 2022

Prioritization of PMT plastic additives based on their in silico retention in wastewater treatment plants and physical–chemical property space.
Evaluation of iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry for gas and aerosol-phase per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) analysis
Authors: Bowers Bailey B. , Thornton Joel A. , Sullivan Ryan C.
Published: September 2022

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can be measured in real time in gas and aerosol using iodide chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS).
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate alleviates galactose-induced aging impairment via gut–brain communication
Authors: Luo Yi-Ping , Tang Xiao-Fang , Zhang Yi-Chi , Chen Su-Mei , Wu Qiong , Li Wen-Juan
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to determine whether gut–brain communication could be modulated by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in a mouse aging model that was established by daily injection of d-galactose (d-gal) for 10 weeks.
The combination of sodium alginate and chlorogenic acid enhances the therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis by the regulation of inflammation and the intestinal flora
Authors: Niu Wei , Chen Yuxuan , Wang Ligui , Li Jia , Cui Zhao , Lv Jiajie , Yang Fuyan , Huo Jiege , Zhang Zhenhai , Ju Jianming
Published: September 2022

The combination of sodium alginate (SA) and chlorogenic acid (CA) enhances the therapeutic effect on ulcerative colitis by the regulation of inflammation and the intestinal flora.
Improving the physicochemical and in vitro hypolipidemic properties of soluble dietary fiber in camellia seed residue by a cellulose degrading fungus YC49
Authors: Yang Chaoran , Ma Ying , Chen Yi , Xie Jianhua , Hu Xiaobo , Yu Qiang
Published: September 2022

The cellulose degrading fungus YC49 significantly enhanced the yield of SDF in CSR and improved its physicochemical properties and in vitro hypolipidemic activities.
Catalyst-free site-selective cross-aldol bioconjugations
Authors: Yates Nicholas D. J. , Akkad Saeed , Noble Amanda , Keenan Tessa , Hatton Natasha E. , Signoret Nathalie , Fascione Martin A.
Published: September 2022

We present catalyst-free “green” site-selective protein bioconjugations that utilise aldol condensations and are compatible with click chemistries, and construct a nanobody-derived bioconjugate capable of selectively labelling prostate cancer cells.
Dielectric and electrochemical performance of rhombohedral lanthanum manganite perovskite nanostructures
Authors: V. Manju , R. Rohith , Thejas Prasannakumar Anandhu , B. V. Bhavija , J. Varma Sreekanth
Published: September 2022

High-pure, rhombohedral lanthanum manganite was prepared by a facile sol–gel method at different annealing temperatures. The sample prepared at 700 °C shows the best electrochemical performance suitable for supercapacitor applications.
A facile synthetic route toward phase-pure colloidal Cu2GeS3 nanostructures mediated through metal xanthate precursors
Authors: Shah Alpa Y. , Karmakar Gourab , Tyagi Adish , Kedarnath G.
Published: September 2022

Cu2GeS3 nanostructures were successfully synthesized at mild conditions via the co-thermolysis of Cu and Ge isopropylxanthates. Photoelectrochemical cell based on this material exhibited photovoltaic activity with high photostability.
Self-reporting styrylthiazolium photopharmaceuticals: mitochondrial localisation as well as SAR drive biological activity
Authors: Gao Li , Kraus Yvonne , Stegner Andrea , Wein Thomas , Heise Constanze , von Brunn Leonie , Fajardo-Ruiz Elena , Thorn-Seshold Julia , Thorn-Seshold Oliver
Published: September 2022

The first cellular application of cationic styrylthiazolium photopharmaceuticals highlights powerful photochemistry, and subcellular phototargeting of inhibition.
Three-level hierarchical self-assembly of azobenzene conjugated phenylalanines into superhelical nanostructures with light-switchable helicity
Authors: Li Huiya , Chen Liang
Published: September 2022

Photosensitive azobenzene conjugated phenylalanines can self-assemble into a series of hierarchical superhelices, which can reversibly transform into achiral nanorods via light stimuli.
Titanium oxide-based optoelectronic synapses with visual memory synergistically adjusted by internal emotions and ambient illumination
Authors: Guo Yan-bo , Liu Yu-lin , Chen Qi-lai , Liu Gang
Published: September 2022

A variety of biologically dependent synaptic plasticity activities were simulated on artificial optoelectronic synapse devices. An array was constructed to mimic the functions of visual learning and memory affected by internal emotion and ambient illumination.
Reliability and sensitivity analysis of double inverted-T nano-cavity label-free Si:HfO2 ferroelectric junctionless TFET biosensors
Authors: Singh Sangeeta , Singh Shradhya , Mohammed Mustafa K. A. , Kishor Jha Kamal , Loan Sajad A.
Published: September 2022

We propose and simulate an ultrasensitive, label-free, and charge/dielectric modulated Si:HfO2 ferroelectric junctionless tunnel field effect transistor (FE-JL-TFET) based biosensor.
AC conductivity and phase transition of the BST–BFO ceramic doped with Yb
Authors: Ben Abdessalem M. , Chkoundali S. , Oueslati A. , Aydi A.
Published: September 2022

The homogeneity of the 0.8(Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3–0.2(Bi0.85Yb0.15)FeO3 ceramic, prepared by a solid-state process, was studied and quantitatively analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Band alignment of ZnO-based nanorod arrays for enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance
Authors: Wan Jing , Al-Baldawy Aseel Shaker , Qu Shanzhi , Lan Jinshen , Ye Xiaofang , Fei Yuchen , Zhao Jingtian , Wang Ziyun , Hong Rongdun , Guo Shengshi , Huang Shengli , Li Shuping , Kang Junyong
Published: September 2022

The ternary ZnO/MoS2/Ag2S nanorod array in a core–shell structure brings different band alignments at the interfacial heterojunctions to achieve full solar absorption with efficient charge separation and conduction and photocatalytic performance.
Terahertz wave modulation properties of graphene with different excitation laser power
Authors: Chen Shaohang , Yang Ruizhao , Zhou Yanni , Qin Binyi , Li Yun , Zheng Jincun , Liang Yizhi , Li Tinghui , Liu Jianming
Published: September 2022

Terahertz wave modulation properties of graphene are investigated using an external 975 nm continuous wave laser. The modulation depth of monolayer graphene and 3-layer graphene was 16% and 32% under 1495 mW excitation power.
One-step facile preparation of carbon dots with high fluorescence quantum yield and application in rapid latent fingerprint detection
Authors: Wang Xuejing , Yuan Yinyan , Sun YiXiao , Liu Xue , Ma Mingze , Zhang Renyin , Shi Feng
Published: September 2022

The development of luminescent materials greatly affects the development of fluorescence imaging technology.
Vanadium defect-engineering in molybdenum disulfide for electrochemical nitrate reduction
Authors: Yu Miao , Huang Hao , Hu Jie , Wang Shuang , Li Jinping , Wang Dingsheng
Published: September 2022

In this work, vanadium doped molybdenum disulfide (V–MoS2) electrocatalysts are successfully prepared by using vanadium defect-engineering for electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NITRR), which has significantly improved NITRR activity.
Advanced bioactive hydrogels for the treatment of myocardial infarction
Authors: Lu Yajie , Luo Yuting , Zhu Rui , Huang Xiaowei , Bai Shumeng
Published: September 2022

Bioactive hydrogels exhibit physicochemical-responsive activities to repair infarcted myocardium and restore the cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
Highly stable and controllable lasing actions from PVDF encapsulated CsPbBr3 perovskite microcrystals
Authors: Nie Lin , Yu Xue , Ge Yicen , He Dongxu , Zhu Xuanyu , Liu Haozhe , Guo Haihong , Zhao Feng , Yu Siufung , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui , Wang Ting
Published: September 2022

Halide perovskite (HP)-based optoelectronics, particularly lasers, have attracted considerable attention thanks to their outstanding low threshold and tunable bandgaps.
Bifunctional enhancement of photodetection and photovoltaic parameters in graphene/porous-Si heterostructures by employing interfacial hexagonal boron nitride and bathocuproine back-surface passivation layers
Authors: Jang Chan Wook , Shin Dong Hee , Choi Suk-Ho
Published: September 2022

The schematic band diagram of a typical TFSA-GR/h-BN/PSi/n-Si/BCP PD and temporal changes of the repeated on/off photocurrent switching behaviors for the PDs without h-BN and BCP, with only h-bN, and with both layers.
Natural hybrid-mediated long-lived room temperature phosphorescence of milk powder
Authors: Lü Baozhong , Gao Qian , Li Pengyu , Chen Mingxing , Shi Meichao , Chen Gegu , Hao Xiang , Peng Feng
Published: September 2022

Natural room temperature phosphorescence is charming. Milk powder can emit striking afterglow with the duration and lifetime exceeding 10 s and 2 s under ambient conditions, respectively, not inferior to most advanced artificial organic phosphors.
Cellular and structural insight into dynamin function during endocytic vesicle formation: a tale of 50 years of investigation
Authors: Perrais David
Published: September 2022

Dynamin is one of the major proteins involved in endocytosis. First identified 50 years ago in a genetic screen in Drosophila melanogaster, it has become a central player in many forms of endocytosis, such as clathrin-mediated endocytosis or synaptic vesicle endocytosis, as well as other important cellular processes such as actin remodelling. Decades of work using biochemical and structural studies, cell-free assays, live cell imaging, acute inhibition and genetic studies have led to important insights on its mode of action. Dynamin is a remarkable mechano-GTPase, which can do a lot to membranes on its own but which is, in cells, at the centre of a vast protein and lipid network and cannot work in isolation. This review summarizes the main features of dynamin structure and function and its central role in membrane remodelling events, and give an update on the latest results.
Bilateral association tracking with parzen window density estimation
Authors: Xu Yuan , Chen Youyuan , Zhang Yang , Zhu Qunxiong , He Yanlin , Sheng Hao
Published: September 2022

Multi‐object tracking is an important branch of computer vision, which is mostly used for behavior recognition and event analysis. At present, most of the research focuses on the accuracy of tracking. However, the real‐time performance is also urgently desired but there is lack of research. As a result, Deepsort, proposed 5 years ago, is still the most widely used tracker in real applications. In this paper, a Bilateral Association Tracking (BAT) framework is proposed. It uses tracklet as the basic node instead of discrete detection for tracking. Meanwhile, a Parzen density based Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (P‐HAC) algorithm is introduced to describe the density distribution of targets and generate tracklets with high confidence. In addition, Dual Appearance Features (DAF) is proposed which considers both spatial and temporal features of tracklets and promotes the accuracy of tracklet association. Experiments are conducted on popular benchmarks such as MOT2017, Visdrone and KITTI. BAT outperforms Deepsort on both association accuracy and trajectory integrity without obvious efficiency decline. Compared with other state‐of‐the‐art trackers, BAT shows significant advantage on computational cost while performing competitive tracking accuracy as well. It is hoped that the research can promote the applications on real‐time tracking in the near future.
Compact UHF RFID balun‐like integrated tag antenna for long range detection of water bottles
Authors: Garg Manoj , Sharma Ashwani , Garcia Zuazola Ignacio J. , Gupta Arjit
Published: September 2022

A compact, flexible, long‐range, and impedance transformer balun‐like integrated UHF RFID tag antenna is proposed for the detection of water bottles. To alleviate the performance of a tag antenna in close proximity to a high dielectric material such as water, the radiating element of the tag antenna uses folded, unbalanced strips made of balun‐like arms wrapped around the tag's body. As a result, a wide bandwidth with reasonably good radiation resistance is achieved. The tag's body comprises dual loops for the impedance matching to the tag chip. This leads to a long read range of 13.33 m; >5.83 m compared to other state‐of‐the‐art designs. The proposed tag antenna conforms to a small footprint by wrapping the balun‐like arms around the tag's body, which results in a compact form. The tag is fabricated, and the results reasonably agree with simulations.
Modified manta ray foraging optimization algorithm based improved load frequency controller for interconnected microgrids
Authors: Ahmed Emad M. , Selim Ali , Mohamed Emad A. , Aly Mokhtar , Alnuman Hammad , Ramadan Husam A.
Published: September 2022

The recent environmental crisis and global warming have compelled an energy transition, particularly in the power generation and transportation sectors. Increased energy competence and production will necessitate enormous efforts. Admittedly, power system inertia metrics have revealed reduced inertia attributes, which could lead to a catastrophic shutdown and security issues in future electrical power systems. The design of the load frequency controller is essential for improving frequency regulation and power system stability. Nonetheless, more research is needed into control development and design approaches that take into account renewable energy characteristics, complexities, connected electric vehicles (EVs), and uncertainties. Metaheuristic‐based design methods and fractional order control have recently demonstrated an improved response when compared to classical design methods and integer‐order controllers. This work presents an improved fractional order hybrid control system based on two modified versions of the Manta Ray Foraging Optimization (MRFO) Algorithm. The exploration and exploitation stages of the modified MRFO are enhanced by utilizing a chaotic map and a weighting factor. The transients and steady‐state performance of the studied two‐areas interconnected microgrids have been significantly improved by incorporating the advantages of both the suggested fractional order‐based control approach and the proposed modified MRFO algorithms. While assessing the feasibility of the developed controller and modified optimizers, uncertainty, renewable energy fluctuations, load transients, and electric vehicle attributes are all properly considered. The modified MRFO's performances are evaluated using 23 benchmark functions, and the results are compared to the original MRFO and recent well‐known optimization algorithms. Both statistical analysis and time‐domain results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed modified optimizers and the proposed load frequency controller.