bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variability of marine heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay
Authors: Wegener Rachel , Wenegrat Jacob , Lance Veronica , Lama Skylar
Published: January 2025

The Chesapeake Bay is the largest and one of the most productive estuaries in the United States. Like many estuaries, rising global temperatures have impacted this ecologically important zone. Marine heatwaves, extreme temperature events, are increasingly common in the Chesapeake Bay. Although marine heatwaves evolve across space and time, a complete spatial picture of marine heatwaves in the Bay is missing. Here we use satellite sea surface temperature data to characterize marine heatwaves in the Chesapeake Bay. We consider two products: NASA MUR and NOAA Geo-Polar, and validate their effectiveness for studying marine heatwaves in an estuary using in situ data from the Chesapeake Bay Program. A north-south (along estuary) gradient is identified as a common pattern of spatial variability, seen in both marine heatwave duration and number of events. Our satellite-based approach enables us to analyze marine heatwaves in Chesapeake Bay tributaries for the first time, and finds marine heatwaves in these regions to display different characteristics from the main stem of the Bay. For example, marine heatwave maximum intensity is higher in tributary waters. Long term trends in marine heatwave characteristics are also analyzed, although confidence in long term trends is tempered by changes in satellite error over time, pointing to the criticality of periodic reanalyses of satellite data to identify and correct for systematic error. MHW analysis with a detrended baseline suggests the major observed spatial patterns are a result of long term warming not a shifting temperature distribution. The differing spatial patterns suggest that there are different physical influences in the main stem of the Bay and in the tributaries. This work affirms that satellite data can be an effective tool for studying marine heatwaves in estuaries and enables similar studies in other estuaries.
Werkzame elementen en werkingsmechanismen: definities van concepten voor vaktherapie en voorbeelden vanuit beeldende therapie
Authors: Abbing Annemarie , Schweizer Celine , van Hooren Susan
Published: January 2025

In this article, a proposal is made for a more consistent definition of active elements, mechanisms of action, and outcomes, in response to the various applications of terminology regarding mechanisms of change in the field of creative arts therapies practice, research, and education. Additionally, we clarify the relationships between these concepts through a visual representation and examples drawn from research and practice.Qualitative research plays a crucial role in identifying potential mechanisms and active elements, while quantitative research can subsequently validate and objectify them. This enables arts therapists to substantiate their therapies with evidence-based insights, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and focus of arts therapies.
Femtech in the Post-Roe Era: Implications for Female Athletes' Health Monitoring
Authors: Kupperman Natalie
Published: January 2025

This paper explores the history of menstrual cycle monitoring in sports, the rise of FemTech and wearable technology, and the potential for misuse of sensitive reproductive data, such as basal body temperature (BBT) tracked by wearables. It argues that while such technologies offer potential benefits, the post-Roe legal context raises significant ethical and legal dilemmas for female athletes, who may face increased surveillance or pressure based on their reproductive health data. The paper analyzes current state and federal biometric and health privacy laws, including BIPA, CCPA/CPRA, and HIPAA, and their applicability to athletes, particularly collegiate athletes. It concludes with recommendations for policy and practice, advocating for athlete autonomy, data transparency, and robust legislation to protect athletes' reproductive privacy in the face of increasingly sophisticated health tracking technologies.
Poder, Disputas y Geopolítica en el Sector Farmacéutico
Authors: Stacciarini João Henrique Santana
Published: January 2025

El sector farmacéutico alcanzó ingresos globales de 1,6 billones de dólares en 2023, consolidando su vasto poder económico y su influencia estratégica en la economía y la política contemporáneas. Este artículo, basado en una exhaustiva recopilación, sistematización y análisis de datos, examina las dinámicas de dicho poder e influencia. Se analizan el valor económico y político de las empresas del sector, las disputas entre corporaciones y naciones involucradas, el papel geopolítico desempeñado durante la pandemia de covid-19, así como la capacidad del sector para moldear políticas internas a través de su intensa interacción y financiación de legisladores y organismos de fiscalización y regulación.
Arithmophobia: Educational Professionals’ Experiences of Mathematics Anxiety Within the Primary School Classroom
Authors: Hadley Amber
Published: January 2025

Children are thought to experience more negative attitudes towards mathematics than any other subject (Dowker et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2015). For some children, their experience of mathematics extends beyond a mere dislike of the subject; mathematics makes them anxious. Known as mathematics anxiety, the phenomenon has been coined as a phobia, as ‘arithmophobia’ (Faust, 1992). Much of the available research on mathematics anxiety focuses on its origins and presentation from neuroscientific, biological, and clinical perspectives, rather than educational and social perspectives. Most research therefore highlights aspects of mathematics anxiety in relation to how it affects the human brain, how it makes it difficult for individuals to recall information, and how their attention span is consequently reduced, but this does little to suggest how children’s educational experiences are impacted and what this means in practice (Carey et al., 2016; Wu et al., 2014).This study aimed to report the views of nine educational professionals, providing insight into their observations of mathematics anxiety in their classrooms, the strategies they use to help mathematically anxious children, and what training opportunities professionals should be provided with so that they can continue to effectively help mathematically anxious children. Thematic analysis (TA) was used to produce four themes and 23 sub-themes. The findings strongly correlate with the literature review. Observations of mathematics anxiety included mathematical avoidance and strong emotional reactions to mathematics. Strategies for managing mathematics anxiety included encouraging growth mindsets and promoting positive classroom cultures. Current training opportunities available were found to be limited, but all participants advocated for more training on mathematics anxiety. Recommendations further included drawing upon the expertise of mathematics leaders and reviewing school structures to identify where addressing mathematics anxiety could be embedded into institution-wide approaches. Implications for future policy and practice are discussed.
Non-metric dental characteristics of the Cis-Olkhon Glazkovo population (based on the materials of the Tuakhane IX burial ground)¹
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kishkurno Maria , Goriunova Olga ,   Irkutsk State University, Novikov Aleksey , Weber Andrzej ,   University of Alberta
Published: January 2025

The new updated cultural and chronological periodization of the Cis-Baikal region, suggesting the absence of continuity between the Kitoy and Serovo–Glazkovo culture, actualizes the problem of the origin of the late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age populations of the region. The purpose of this study is to reveal the biological affinities of the Cis-Olkhon Glazkovo population from the Tuakhane IX burial ground based on the analysis of non-metric dental morphology data. The original data set includes dental characteristics of 12 individuals from the Tuakhane IX burial place, including 2 males, 3 fe­males, 4 children and 3 individuals whose sex and age could not be determined. In the study both the extended battery of dental traits generally accepted by Russian researchers and ASUDAS scale were used. The results of the analysis reveal that while the Tuakhane IX Glazkovo group morphologically undoubtedly belongs to the Eastern mongoloid population and its morphological specificity is similar to the Late Neolithic Serovo and Early Bronze Ages Glazkovo populations of the Cis-Baikal area. Significant differences between the Serovo–Glazkovo groups from the Kitoi groups were demonstrated. This confirms the results of the archaeological and genetics studies which argued for a lack of continuity between Early Neolithic and Late Neolithic–Early Bronze Age populations in the Cis-Baikal region. The dental data indicate the migration of Far Eastern groups from Primoye to the Cis-Baikal area and their significant influence on the dental morphology of the Late Neolithic Serovo people. Remarkably, the Glazkovo sample from Tuakhane IX is characterized by the similar morphologic specificity. Also the specific trait combination that differentiates Glazkovo people from the Neolithic Baikal and Far East groups was identified and which, apparently, can be the result of a gene flow from the Ymyyakhtakh Early Bronze Age populations of Yakutia to the Glazkovo people. In addition, dental data support the hypothesis about possible migration of the Cis-Baikal tribes to the Western Siberian forest-steppe, which has been repeatedly put forward on the basis of results of archaeological and anthropological studies.
Attribution and variability of multilayered Paleolithic complexes: the case of the Obi-Rahmat tool kits
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kolobova Ksenia , Kharevich Alena ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mukhtarov Gairatkhon ,   National Center of Archeology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Krivoshapkin Andrey
Published: January 2025

The tool collections found in multi-layered Paleolithic sites are not only a result of various life activities that occurred at these sites, but they also correspond to the cultural or industrial variants in the contexts in which they were produced. The composition of the tool collections is contingent upon the extent of the excavated area of the site. The functionality of the tool sets may change over time in response to fluctuations in palaeoenvironmental conditions, seasonal patterns of habitation, and the availability of lithic raw material at the site. The ana­lysis of multilayer Paleolithic industries and their att­ribution is a challenging problem, as it requires the analysis of numerous parameters. In order to address this challenge, researchers often employ a method of calculating percentages of different inventory categories and linear correlations. In this paper the results of the study of 35 tool sets from the Obi-Rahmat, a key-site of the Middle Paleolithic Obi-Rahmatian variant in West Central Asia is presented. The app­lication of a set of multivariate statistical methods, including unconstrained seriation, principal coordinates analysis and correspondence analysis enabled to attribute the studied collections to one industrial variant and estimate their variability. The variability of the Obi-Rahmat lithic collections is predominantly of a chronological nature, with the lower layers exhibiting characteristics indicative of a repeated­ly visi­ted hunting camp. This is evidenced by the pre­sence of complexes in which various retouched points and side-scrapers predominate. In the upper layers, the focus of work activity shifts to the proces­sing of hard and soft organic materials, with a greater proportion of splintered tools, burins, perforators and end-scrapers in the complexes. We assume that the change in the functionality of the excavated area of the site from the bottom to the top could be related to the duration of occupation episodes.
Zhokhov site sledges as a part of the land transportation system of the East Siberian Arctic dwellers 9000 years ago
Authors:   Institute for the history of material culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pitulko Vladimir ,   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pavlova Elena ,   Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Published: January 2025

The Zhokhov island site (76°06’ N, 152°42’ E) is one of the northernmost archaeological sites in the world indicating human development of these territories back in the early Holocene, about 9000 years ago, and provides the oldest evidence of human presence in the high latitudes. Its archaeological context secured by the permafrost, is of rare completeness and quality, and includes objects made of non-durable materials. Structu­ral elements of dog sleds take a prominent place among wooden artefacts. These are finished products, their fragments and preforms, among which sled runners and composite platform supports (uprights) are well recognizable. Their morphology and morphometry presume two types of sled construction — small light sleds (possibly towed by a hunter and/or a dog), and relatively large “cargo” sleds, moved by dogs. The latter are represented to a lesser extent. It should be emphasized that the evidence for that early use of sophisticated transport technologies is a rare case. The Zhokhov dwellers widely used the techno­logy of sled dog land transportation, which made them capable to participate in a long-distance exchange system. Logistics connectivity of the territories indicates the formation of large socio-cultural systems in the East Siberian Arctic at the beginning of the Holocene. Complexity of the sled construction discovered at the Zhokhov site presumes that it was developing for some time. It was likely developed during the Late Glacial, after 15,000 years ago. This technology is the most important innovation of the Stone Age at the turn of the Pleistocene and Holocene.
Gold and silver beads in the Maikop burial mound (Oshad): some aspects of a comprehensive study
Authors:   The State Hermitage Museum, Piotrovsky Yuri
Published: January 2025

Studies around the Maikop culture are one of the most popular topics today both in the Russian and foreign literature. Since the 1950s, search for reliable sites for dating has been resumed, especially concerning the materials of the Maikop burial mound (Oshad). The A.A. Iessen studies who suggested that chronology can be refined based on analysis of links with other cultures are of particular importance. However, in the 1970s — 1980s new sites discovered in Mesopotamia and Anatolia changed crucially the chronology of the sites, particularly due to calibrated radiocarbon 14C dates. It led to a dramatic shift in the time scale of the Copper Age cultures, which also affected the chronology of the Maikop culture. International conferences played a special role in popularisation of these materials, i.e. the conference ‘The Maikop Phenomenon in the Ancient History of the Caucasus and Eastern Europe’ held in 1991. Later on, our relations with foreign, first of all German, colleagues successfully developed. International conferences held in St. Petersburg in 2015 and Frankfurt am Main in 2018, and recent one organized by the Eurasian Department of the German Archaeological Institute in Georgia in 2022 and 2023 were of great importance. The result of this co-operation appeared to be the definition of the special status and significance of the Caucasus in the middle of the 4th millennium BC for the whole Eurasia. Nowadays detailed study of materials and their representation is of great importance. This article is focused on the analyses of gold and silver beads of the Maikop burial mound (Oshad) and similar items in the Caucasus and neighbou­ring territories. Over 6000 beads were divided into 17 groups. The most numerous are disc-shaped lamellar beads-“pucks”, which are the most widespread in other complexes. This allows sugges­ting series manufacturing of such jewellery.
Empirisk undersøkelse av myndighetenes oppfølging av ansvar etter Alexander L. Kielland-ulykken
Authors: Smith-Solbakken Marie , Joly Eva , Fanebust Frode , Tollaksen Tor Gunnar
Published: January 2025

Denne rapporten er utarbeidet av en tverrfaglig forskergruppe ved Universitetet i Stavanger og baserer seg på omfattende arkivstudier, både i Norge og Frankrike, samt nytt kildemateriale som tidligere ikke har vært benyttet i Kielland-forskningen. Dette inkluderer dokumenter fra politiets etterforskning, sjøfartsinspektørens undersøkelser og flere sentrale politikeres personlige arkiver.

Gjennom en systematisk analyse av etterforskningen, granskingen og den politiske behandlingen av ulykken, belyser rapporten hvordan nasjonale interesser og hensynet til Norges rolle som oljenasjon påvirket håndteringen av landets verste industriulykke.
Study the Thermal Impact of Massive Waste Material to Building
Authors: Muhammad Abu Eusuf
Published: January 2025

This study has been focused on the recycling of massive waste materials and their thermal impact to the building which then adapt the indoor thermal environment. It is observed that the role of construction materials modify the building interior and regulates the indoor thermal environment and focus on the reduction of energy consumption at large.The rapid growth of energy consumption and use has raised concerns over problems in worldwide. This has caused for mainly the exhaustion of energy resources. Efficient employs of energy plays a vital role in minimizing energy usage. Having in mind the aim to seek for contextual alternative building material from waste to obtain continuing improvement in building energy performance, this study has been designed to do experiments on locally available massive waste material (end-of-life tyres, or ELTs) for its thermal impact on indoor energy management.In that reason we needed to set up an experiment to observe the role of ELT for thermal comfort in tropical climate and that compare with conventional construction materials and other waste. The experimental setup has been installed in IIUM- Gombak campus, Malaysia. This contribution mainly focused on the literature and a proposed methodology.
Digitalization Process in Islamic Business: Literature Review
Authors: Anam Moh. Khoirul , Masuwd Mowafg Abrahem
Published: January 2025

Digitalization has become an essential component for modern businesses, and without it, companies struggle to keep pace in the era of Industry 4.0. However, there is still limited research on the impact of digitalization within Islamic or Sharia-compliant businesses. This study aims to explore digitalization in Islamic business, focusing specifically on Indonesia. The research employs a narrative review methodology, analyzing existing literature on Islamic business to provide a comprehensive overview of the importance of digitalization. The findings reveal that digitalization offers numerous advantages for businesses, including those in the Islamic sector. Islamic banks, as a key component of Islamic business, were among the first to embrace digitalization. The study also highlights that stakeholder support in Indonesia for the digitalization of Islamic businesses is sufficiently robust. This research provides a unique perspective on the evolution of digitalization in Islamic enterprises and is intended to encourage further studies in the field of Islamic business in the context of Industry 4.0.
Influence of Intrinsic Motivation and Transformational Leadership on Student Association Performance at Institut Elkatarie: The Moderating Role of Islamic Work Ethics
Authors: Azim Irfan , Baini Nirmala , Amin M. Zulkifli , Supriyanto Supriyanto
Published: January 2025

The primary goal of management in any organization is to achieve and maintain good performance to meet organizational objectives, which is essential for competitiveness in the global market. This study investigates how intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership influence the performance of the student council at the Institut Elkatarie, with Islamic work ethics as a moderating variable. Using quantitative methods and simple random sampling, data were collected from 90 out of 116 student council members for the 2023-2024 period and analyzed using regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 The study shows that intrinsic motivation (X1) and transformational leadership (X2) both positively influence performance (Y), with significant T-values of 2.216 and 7.545, respectively. This suggests that enhancing intrinsic motivation and adopting transformational leadership can improve performance. However, the interactions between intrinsic motivation and Islamic work ethics (M), and transformational leadership and Islamic work ethics, were not significant, with significance levels of 0.294 and 0.571, respectively. This indicates that Islamic work ethics may not moderate the relationship between motivation, leadership, and performance in this context.
Organizational Management Implementation in Jumat Berjihat Activities as Student Character Education
Authors: Mayasafira Sarrah Dwiananda
Published: January 2025

This research aims to examine the implementation of the organizational management of the "JUMAT BERJIHAT" character education program at SMP Negeri 1 Turi, Lamongan, where the existence of this program was motivated by the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency cases. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and is strengthened by management theory by James A. F. Stoner and Charles Wankel. The results of this research show that the character education program "JUMAT BERJIHAT" at SMP Negeri 1 Turi, Lamongan, runs smoothly. The students are thrilled with this program because it can improve the religious spirit, and the parents are also happy because there are positive changes in their children and teachers. Teachers at SMP Negeri 1 Turi, Lamongan, were very united in participating in this activity. However, initially, the students at SMP Negeri 1 Turi, Lamongan, still needed to get used to this activity, but now they are enthusiastic about this program. Organizational management has also been implemented with a process structure of planning, organizing, leadership and controlling organizational efforts and the use of all other organizational resources to achieve organizational goals.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and a Maxillomandibular Advancement: Does Maxillomandibular Advancement have more success than nonsurgical treatment in decreasing OSA?
Authors: Fielding Allen Fred
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a cardiomyopathy triggered by emotional or physical stress. This case report presents a unique instance of TTS associated with myasthenia gravis (MG) in which myasthenic crisis developed after TTS diagnosis and not before.

Case Description: A 73-year-old man presented with difficulty swallowing, dysphonia, and dyspnea, showing moderate-severe left ventricular dysfunction. Blood tests revealed elevated troponin and BNP levels, while the ECG at the arrival showed an ST-elevation in anterior leads. Coronary angiography showed normal aspect of coronary vessels. Echocardiography confirmed TTS with apical ballooning.

After few days, myasthenic symptoms emerged leading to a myasthenic crisis. The patient improved with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and was discharged with pyridostigmine and prednisone. Follow-up revealed complete resolution of left ventricular dysfunction.

Discussion: MG rarely affects the heart, but in this case, it led to TTS. Notably, TTS occurred before the myasthenic crisis, emphasizing the need for cardiac monitoring in patients with new neurological diagnoses and acute respiratory.
Successful Bailout of Noonan Syndrome with Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy During Percutaneous Intramyocardial Septal Radiofrequency Ablation
Authors: Liu Liwen
Published: January 2025

Background: Cardiac disorders such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are common in patients with Noonan syndrome (NS). Some patients can develop heart failure associated with HCM, and the long-term outcome of patients with NS with HCM is reported to be worse.

Case presentation: We report three patients diagnosed with NS. We initially thought that three patients were diagnosed with only HCM. Three patients' facial features were concealed, making it difficult for us to make a differential diagnosis of NS. Finally, genetic testing identified three patients as NS with HCM. Owing to these patients’ conditions, medical treatment was not effective. Patients were treated with percutaneous intramyocardial septal radiofrequency ablation (PIMSRA). Three patients recovered well, and there was no complication.

Conclusions: We describe 3 patients with NS and HCM treated with PIMSRA. PIMSRA is a new therapeutic tool for treating NS with HOCM that can decrease the left ventricular wall thickness, reduce wall stress, and improve cardiac function. Early identification of congenital heart abnormalities and genetic testing are important in diagnosing NS with HCM.
A Case Presenting a Novel Treatment of Palmoplantar Eczema: Dopaminergic Drugs
Authors: H. Check Jerome
Published: January 2025

Palmoplantar eczema is a pruritic, painful condition presenting with clear fluid filled intraepidermal vesicles involving the lateral aspects of the fingers frequently extending into the palms, and also frequently involving the soles of the feet and tends to be recurrent. There are many topical and systemic immunosuppressive agents that have been tried, but treatment has not produced great results in either causing quick resolution of the rash nor prevention of frequent recurrence. Increased cellular permeability allowing infusion of irritants into various tissues leading to inflammation has been proposed as a common etiologic factor in a large variety of inflammatory and “autoimmune” pathological entities including various dermatologic conditions. Most of these conditions have responded well to dopaminergic drugs especially dextroamphetamine despite being refractory to standard therapy. Dopamine diminishes cellular permeability. A case is presented of using dextroamphetamine to eradicate palmoplantar eczema and prevent recurrences.
Complications of invasive surgery for trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Fedirko V , Dubrovka A , Luzan B
Published: January 2025

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe chronic condition characterized by acute pain that can lead to disability. For patients unresponsive to pharmacological therapy, surgical methods such as microvascular decompression (MVD), radiofrequency thermocoagulation, balloon compression, glycerol rhizotomy, or cryoablation are primary treatment options. However, each of these procedures carries specific risks of complications, including nerve damage, infections, hemorrhagic complications, pain recurrences, and method-specific side effects.
This article presents the results of a retrospective analysis of 250 patients with TN. Complications following MVD were observed in 18 % of cases, including pleocytosis, dysesthesia, localized cerebellar ischemia, and facial nerve paresis. For percutaneous procedures, the complication rate reached 37 %, encompassing pain recurrence, dysesthesia, anesthesia dolorosa, and other adverse outcomes. The study emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to prevent complications and to select the most suitable treatment method for each patient.
Comparative study of bupivacaine and bupivacaine plus dexamethasone under ultrasound guidance for sacral erector plane block in pediatric urological surgeries
Authors: Mundrawala Esmat , Badole Usha , Sonkamble Poornima , Atram Sukriti
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND: sacral erecter spinae plane block is a relatively new and safe interfascial plane block for paediatric urogenital surgeries. We aimed at comparing the intraoperative and postoperative analgesic efficacy of Bupivacaine alone and Bupivacaine plus Dexamethasone in ultrasonography guided single shot sacral erecter spinae plane block for urogenital surgeries in paediatric patients under general anaesthesia.
METHODS: 30 patients, ASA 1 / 2,  12 months – 12 years undergoing urogenital surgeries were randomly divided into 2 groups. Under  general anaesthesia, in prone position, with  linear ultrasound probe placed longitudinally in the midline; 25 G, 90 mm spinal needle was advanced  craniocaudally  until its tip reached  the 4th sacral crest and prepared drug was injected
 Group A received 1ml/kg of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 2ml saline
Group B received 1 ml/kg of 0.25% Bupivacaine with 0.2mg/kg Dexamethasone in saline to make total volume of 2 ml.
RESULTS:  All  patients remained haemodynamically stable intraoperatively in both groups with comparable duration of analgesia postoperatively. Also, the difference in mean FLACC R score upto 24 hours postoperatively was not significant between the two groups and no side effects were reported.
CONCLUSION: The addition of Dexamethasone to Bupivacaine in ultrasonography guided single shot sacral erecter spinae plane block for urogenital surgeries in paediatric patients under general anaesthesia neither modified the analgesic efficacy of Bupivacaine intraoperatively nor did it significantly prolong the duration of analgesia postoperatively.
In utero progression of cephaloceles: prenatal to postnatal analysis
Authors: Punchak Maria A. , Salwi Sanjana R. , Land Sierra D. , Hamimi Sarah , Reynolds Tom A. , Swanson Jordan W. , Taylor Jesse A. , Paidas Teefey Christina , Gebb Juliana S. , Khalek Nahla , Soni Shelly , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Adzick N. Scott , Heuer Gregory G. , Flanders Tracy M.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

The natural history of cephaloceles is not well understood. The goal of this study was to better understand the natural history of fetal cephaloceles from prenatal diagnosis to the postnatal period.

METHODS

Between January 2013 and April 2023, all patients evaluated with a cephalocele at the Center for Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment were identified. All patients underwent prenatal and postnatal MRI. Demographic and imaging covariates were obtained from the electronic medical record. Volumetric analyses were performed to determine the percentage of neural tissue within the cephalocele. Progressive herniation was defined as an increase in cephalocele absolute neural tissue volume ≥ 5% or new herniation of an additional intracranial structure into the cephalocele.

RESULTS

A total of 25 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 6 (24%) exhibited progressive cephalocele herniation from the prenatal to postnatal MRI. The median sac volume was 2.2 mL (mean 6.2 mL, range 0.3–40.5 mL). The median change in brain volume in the patients with cephalocele progression was a decrease of 1.5% (mean −7.3%, range −36.4% to 3.1%). Cephalocele sac volume at the time of fetal imaging was predictive of progressive herniation, which persisted on multivariate analysis when controlling for gestational age, sex, and percentage of herniated neural tissue. While 44% of the patients had ventriculomegaly, 56% ultimately required permanent CSF diversion.

CONCLUSIONS

Progressive neural herniation from the fetal to postnatal period is not commonly seen in fetal cephaloceles. Sac volume is associated with an increased risk of progressive herniation into the cephalocele.
The impact of lower thoracic versus upper lumbar upper instrumented vertebra in minimally invasive correction of adult spinal deformity
Authors: Eastlack Robert K. , Kumar Jay I. , Mundis Gregory M. , Nunley Pierce D. , Uribe Juan S. , Park Paul J. , Tran Stacie , Wang Michael Y. , Than Khoi D. , Okonkwo David O. , Kanter Adam S. , Anand Neel , Fessler Richard G. , Fu Kai-Ming G. , Chou Dean , Mummaneni Praveen V.
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this study was to compare the impact of using a lower thoracic (LT) versus upper lumbar (UL) level as the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) on clinical and radiographic outcomes following minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity.

METHODS

A multicenter retrospective study design was used. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, and one of the following: coronal Cobb angle > 20°, sagittal vertical axis > 50 mm, pelvic tilt > 20°, pelvic incidence–lumbar lordosis mismatch > 10°. Patients were treated with circumferential or hybrid minimally invasive techniques at ≥ 3 spinal levels and had a 2-year minimum follow-up. They were then divided into 2 groups depending on whether the UIV was in the UL region, defined as a UIV location of L1–2, or the LT region, defined as T10–12.

RESULTS

A total of 114 of 223 patients met the inclusion criteria (68 LT and 46 UL). The UL group was older (67.5 vs 62.3 years; p = 0.015). Preoperative spinopelvic parameters were similar, except for sacral slope, which was higher in the UL group (30.5° vs 26.5°; p < 0.001). The percentage of patients with fixation crossing the lumbosacral junction was also similar (70.6% vs 67.4%; p = 0.717). Postoperative lumbar lordosis (42.5° vs 35.5°; p = 0.01) and change in coronal Cobb angle (−23.2° vs −9.6°; p < 0.001) were greater in the LT group, but other changes in postoperative spinopelvic parameters and changes in health-related quality-of-life scores were similar between groups. Reoperation rates were lower in the UL group (17.4% vs 36.8%; p = 0.025), largely associated with fewer radiographic failures (UL = 10.9% vs LT = 26.5%; p = 0.042); however, overall complication rates were not significantly different (UL = 43.5% vs LT = 60.3%; p = 0.077).

CONCLUSIONS

Selecting a UL vertebra for UIV in minimally invasive surgical correction of adult spinal deformity results in lower reoperation rates compared to extending fixation to the LT region. This choice also correlates with shorter operating room times and reduced estimated blood loss. Although extending fixation to the LT region is associated with slightly greater lumbar lordosis and a greater change in the coronal Cobb angle, clinical outcomes were similar between the LT and UL groups for UIV.
Monitoring Konsumsi Daya Dan Pencegahan Kerusakan Pada Pendingin Udara Berbasis Iot
Authors: Nugroho Budi , Rahmat Rahmat , Suprianto Agung
Published: January 2025

Penyediaan energi listrik semakin terbatas, penghematan penggunaan daya pada pengguna listrik perlu dilakukan efisiensi dan menghindari pemborosan untuk mengurangi kerugian dari sisi pembiayaan. Pendingin udara sebagai salah satu beban listrik jika pendingin udara tersebut bekerja sudah tidak sesuai nameplate dari pabrik konsumsi dayanya sudah tidak sesuai, jika tidak segera diperbaiki akan mengalami kerusakan. Untuk mencegah terjadinya pemborosan daya diperlukan perangkat untuk memonitor arus listrik yang digunakan. Penelitian ini merancang dan membuat sistem monitoring penggunaan daya pada pendingin udara yang dapat dipantau pada Handphone sebagai bentuk penerapan teknologi IoT. Sistem yang dibuat dirancang untuk memonitor daya listrik dan pencegahan kerusakan pada pendingin udara. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dengan merancang wiring sensor pada pendingin udara;Wiring dan setting jaringan komputer dan Router; Pembuatan dan setting Web Server; Pembuatan program mikrokontroler ESP8266; Pembuatan program di Handphone, selanjutnya dilakukan uji coba dan  dilakukan pengambilan data performa alat. Hasil sistem yang dibuat telah bekerja dan memproteksi pendingin udara jika terjadi kenaikan daya yang digunakan pada pendingin udara
Penggunaan Arrester Sebagai Pengaman Gardu Distribusi 20 KV Pada Trasformator 160 KVA di Penyulang Akasia
Authors: Yani Raden Ahmad Yani , Dian Dian Eka Putra , Edy RM Edy Suherman , Jimmi Jimmi Ardian
Published: January 2025

Pada prosesnya penyaluran energi listrik di tegangan menengah untuk sampai ke konsumen pengguna tegangan rendah memerlukan gardu-gardu distribusi 20 KV untuk mengkonversi tegangan 20 KV menjadi 380/220 volt. Akan tetapi didalam melakukan perannya jaringan distribusi terutama gardu distribusi harus dilindungi dari beberapa jenis gangguan diantaranya gangguan tegangan abnormal yang disebabkan oleh petir maupun tegangan surja yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan hubung singkat. Untuk memproteksi peralatan jaringan distribusi dan gardu-gardu distribusi dari tegangan surja petir atau tegangan lebih yang diakibatkan oleh petir atau diakibatkan oleh hubung singkat alat proteksi tersebut yakni arrester yang dipasang sebelum atau diatas gardu distribusi. Dengan untuk menjaga stabilitas suplai distribusi tegangan rendah dan mengantisipasi kerusakan pada komponen dan peralatan yang diakibatkan oleh dampak sambaran petir, maka penulis memilih topik penelitian mengenai Arrester sebagai pengaman gardu distribusi 20 KV – PD. 0431 dengan transformator 160 kVA dipenyulang Akasia dengan menganalisa kemampuan arrester terpasang jenis MOV (Metal – Oxide) dapat melakukan pelepasan tegangan sebesar 24 kV sesuai dengan tegangan pengenal 22 kV dengan jarak pasang dari transformator 160 kVA sejarak 1,1 meter yang berkemampuan menahan gelombang surja petir sebesar 1000 kV dan kemudian dialirkan ke bumi dengan sistem pentanahan arrester.
Pemodelan Efisiensi Energi Panel Surya Berrdasarkan Variasi Suhu Dengan Algoritma Random Forest
Authors: Ardianto Feby , Apriani Yosi , Muhammad Alvin Pratama  , Ariyanto Eko
Published: January 2025

When temperature increases, energy efficiency tends to decrease. This is because the materials in solar panels, especially photovoltaic cells, have characteristics that make them less efficient at converting solar energy into electrical energy when temperatures rise. By using the random forest research method and Rstudio software to help analyze it can be concluded that the temperature variation that has the most influence on power efficiency is light intensity with a contribution of 19%, then air temperature with 18%, humidity with 17.5%, wind speed with 14%. 5% and finally panel temperature with a contribution of 13%. This contribution is the contribution to the power produced by the effect of temperature on the power produced. at 10.13 the highest power was obtained, where the power produced was 164.48 Watts. With a light intensity of 431.44 cd (candela), air temperature of 41.9°C, humidity of 49.4%, wind speed of 0.2 m/s, and panel temperature of 35 °C
Evaluasi Indeks Keandalan Sistem Distribusi 20 kV dengan Menggunakan Metode Failure Modes and Effects Analysis di Penyulang Hanoman
Authors: Asri Indah Lestari  , Taufik Barlian  , Nuril Hidayah
Published: January 2025

Perhitungan indeks keandalan sistem distribusi 20 kV pada Penyulang Hanoman dari rekapitulasi data PT. PLN (Persero) UP2D S2JB menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dengan mengidentifikasi keandalan dengan nilai indeks SAIDI, SAIFI, CAIDI, ASAI dan ASUI dan dibandingkan dengan Standar PLN dengan nilai target tahun 2023 dan 2024 serta IEEE standard dengan nilai target tahun 2022 periode 1 tahun. Hasil perhitungan didapatkan nilai indeks SAIFI sebesar 1,020946144 gangguan/konsumen, nilai indeks SAIDI 0.947157819 jam/konsumen, nilai indeks CAIDI 0.927725546 jam/gangguan, nilai indeks ASAI 0,999879048 p.u. dan nilai indeks ASUI 0,000120952 p.u. Perbandingan dengan Standar PLN didapat nilai SAIFI dan SAIDI terkategori andal karena nilainya tidak lebih dari 1,8 kali/pelanggan/tahun untuk tahun 2023, tidak lebih dari 4,31 kali/pelanggan/tahun untuk tahun 2024, nilai SAIDI tidak melebihi dari 2,68 jam/pelanggan/tahun untuk tahun 2023, tidak lebih dari 6,43 jam/pelanggan/tahun untuk tahun 2024. Perbandingan dengan IEEE standard didapat indeks nilai SAIFI, SAIDI dan CAIDI juga terkategorikan handal karena SAIFI tidak lebih dari 1,10 interruptions/customer/year dan indeks SAIDI tidak lebih dari 2,09 hours/customer/year, untuk indeks nilai CAIDI tidak lebih dari 1,96 hours/interruption/year.
Pengaruh Pembebanan Terhadap Motor Induksi Penggerak Conveyor CV 23 Di Jalur CHF4 PT. Bukit Asam Tbk
Authors: Yansuri Daeny Septi , Subianto Subianto , Rolesta Nefsi
Published: January 2025

Motor  induksi dengan beban penuh dapat memberikan faktor daya  tinggi yaitu  sekitar 0,8  sampai  dengan  0,9. Namun bila  motor berbeban kecil maka faktor daya akan turun, dan bahkan bila tanpa beban, faktor daya motor bisa mencapai 0,3. Hal tersebut dapat juga mempengaruhi pembebanan terhadap motor induksi, yang dalam penelitian ini digunakan untuk penggerak conveyor CV 23 di jalur CHF 4 PT. Bukit AsamTbk Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dapat mengetahui besar beban yang dipakai pada motor tiga phasa dan berapa besar efisiensi dari motor tiga phasa penggerak conveyor CV 23 di jalur CHF 4 PT. Bukit Asam Tbk tersebut. Metode penelitian memakai Metode Literatur, Wawancara dan Observasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah diolah dengan persamaan-persamaan yang digunakan maka diperoleh hasil bahwa efisiensi yang dihasilkan menurut perhitungan pada motor penggerak conveyor CV 23 di jalur CHF 4 PT. Bukit Asam Tbk sebesar : 82,75 % dan pada saat motor beroperasi pada beban penuh daya yang keluar sebesar : 82,799 %. Dengan daya yang diperoleh, maka motor masih bisa dianggap baik. Daya motor induksi tiga phasa yang dipakai untuk penggerak Conveyor 23 di jalur CHF 4 PT. Bukit Asam Tbk, adalah sebesar 326,382 kW
Анализ коррекции траектории выведения космического аппарата на высокие круговые орбиты искусственного спутника Луны с помощью двухимпульсного перехода
Authors: Гордиенко Е. С. , Ивашкин В. В.
Published: January 2025

Рассматривается коррекция траектории двухимпульсного выведения космического аппарата на высокую круговую орбиту искусственного спутника Луны с учетом ошибок определения положения и скорости спутника, а также ошибок выдачи импульсов скорости по величине и по направлению. Рассматриваются коррекции траектории с одним и двумя корректирующими импульсами. Приводятся результаты анализа. Делаются выводы о практическом применении таких траекторий.
Монте-Карло исследование средних спектров мощности гамма-всплесков
Authors: Лозников В. М.
Published: January 2025

На основе результатов нескольких работ, посвященных исследованию средних спектров мощности (PDS) гамма-всплесков (GRB), составлен перечень особенностей PDS, которые необходимо объяснить. Используя доказанную в ряде публикаций возможность разложения временного профиля каждого гамма-всплеска в сумму нескольких двухсторонних импульсов, производится моделирование GRB во временной области и исследование средних спектров мощности моделей в частотной области. Сделаны краткие обзоры результатов ряда теоретических работ. Проведена Монте-Карло симуляция временных рядов, состоящих из совокупности двухсторонних импульсов с пуассоновским распределением положения импульсов на временной шкале, при различных формах импульсов и распределениях амплитуды и длительности импульсов. Все основные свойства среднего спектра мощности, имеющего форму квази-Лоренциана, теоретически выведенные в различных опубликованных исследованиях, подтверждены. PDS-суперпозиции двухсторонних импульсов, случайно распределенных во времени, не описываются единым степенным законом. В общем случае, форма PDS состоит из трех квазистепенных участков, разделенных двумя изломами. Положение двух изломов в PDS определяется параметрами асимметрии и эффективной длительности импульсов. Распределение длительности импульсов и их форма влияют на форму PDS, а распределение амплитуды импульсов практически не оказывает такого влияния. Величина перемежаемости (при больших значениях γ ≥ 1) влияет на форму PDS. Основываясь на предшествующих теоретических работах и проведенных в настоящем исследовании Монте-Карло симуляциях, можно утверждать, что все особенности средних спектров мощности PDS GRB объясняются с помощью простой модели кривой блеска в виде суперпозиции некоррелированных случайных двухсторонних импульсов. Основные особенности PDS GRB определяются только такими характеристиками импульсов, как параметр асимметрии, распределение длительности и форма импульсов.
Воздействие взрыва сверхновой на ионосферу Земли по данным СДВ радиопросвечивания и магнитометров
Authors: Рябова С. А. , Пилипенко В. А. , Коркина Г. М. , Соловьева М. С. , Поклад Ю. В.
Published: January 2025

Орбитальные рентгеновские и гамма-телескопы зарегистрировали 9.X.2022 самый мощный из когда-либо наблюдаемых взрывов во Вселенной — гамма-всплеск GRB221009A. Отклик ионосферы Земли на это уникальное событие был обнаружен в принимаемых сигналах сверхдлинноволновых (СДВ) радиотрасс, проходящих как через дневную, так и ночную ионосферу. Возмущение в ночном секторе наблюдалось как внезапное уменьшение амплитуды до 7 дБ и резкий скачок фазы сигнала до 20…30°. В дневном секторе были обнаружены менее выраженные скачки амплитуды до 1.5 дБ. На магнитометрах в момент вспышки в ночные часы отмечено лишь появление слабого всплеска геомагнитного поля ~0.5 нТл. В дневные часы наблюдался изолированный геомагнитный импульс с амплитудой до 1 нТл. Появление геомагнитного отклика на гамма-вспышку представляется удивительным, т.к. ее излучение создает дополнительную ионизацию в стратосфере, существенно ниже проводящего Е-слоя ионосферы. Зарегистрированное событие показало, что внегалактические гамма-всплески вызывают заметное возмущение в земной ионосфере, а покрывающую нижнюю ионосферу сеть СДВ-радиотрасс можно рассматривать как гигантский гамма-детектор.
Лабораторные испытания селективного лазерного сплавления имитаторов лунного реголита с различными гранулометрическими свойствами
Authors: Томилина Т. М. , Ким А. А. , Лисов Д. И. , Лысенко А. М.
Published: January 2025

В статье представлены результаты лабораторных испытаний селективного лазерного сплавления (СЛС) порошковых композиций имитаторов лунного реголита из земных пород габбро-диабаза и лабрадорита, которые имеют различные диапазоны фракционности. Показано, что композиции с узкими диапазонами фракционности с размерами частиц 50…100 мкм и 100…140 мкм позволяют изготовить тестовые образцы с достаточно хорошими свойствами с параметрами относительно низкой пористости и приемлемым воспроизведением заданной геометрической формы. Получены экспериментальные зависимости пористости тестовых образцов от величины объемной плотности энергии сплавления. В обоих случаях узких диапазонов фракционности порошковых композиций из габбро-диабаза, как для 50…100 мкм, так и 100…140 мкм, эти зависимости практически совпадают с ростом плотности энергии и при 20 Дж/мм3 и выше достигают минимального значения пористости 30…35 %. С другой стороны, было экспериментально установлено, что применение СЛС для порошковых композиций с широким диапазоном фракционности от нескольких микрон до 100 мкм не позволяет изготовить тестовые образцы с удовлетворительными свойствами — как по низкой пористости, так и по точности соответствия заданной геометрии.
Управление ориентацией геостационарных спутников связи «Ямал-201» и «Ямал-202» по сигналам бортового ретрансляционного комплекса
Authors: Банит Ю. Р. , Севастьянов Д. Н. , Беляев М. Ю.
Published: January 2025

Геостационарные спутники связи «Ямал-201» и «Ямал-202» были выведены на орбиту 24.XI.2003. Работа спутника «Ямал-202» продолжается уже более 20 лет. Успешной эксплуатации спутников этого типа (даже в условиях выхода из строя гироскопических измерителей угловой скорости — основных датчиков кинематического контура, а также ограничений в работе звездных датчиков и датчиков определения координат центра Земли) способствовала разработка режимов поддержания ориентации космических аппаратов (КА) с коррекцией от специального аппаратно–программного комплекса, использующего, в том числе, и сигналы земных станций спутниковой связи пользователей частотного ресурса КА. В статье рассмотрено решение задачи управления ориентацией спутников как в полуавтоматическом режиме, когда расчет и выдача на борт управляющих сигналов выполнялась с рабочего места оператора центра управления полетами (ЦУП), так и в автоматическом режиме, когда на борт передавались рассчитанные значения параметров углового движения спутника, по которым на борту рассчитывались необходимые управляющие воздействия для управления угловым движением КА.