bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Whey protein hydrolysates as prebiotic and protective agent regulate growth and survival of Lactobacillus rhamnosusCICC22152 during spray/freeze‐drying, storage and gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Xie Hexiang , Liao Yang , Woo Meng Wai , Xiong Hua , Zhao Qiang
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Probiotic products are receiving increasing attention because of their tremendous beneficial health effects. However, it is still a great challenge to preserve probiotic viability during processing, storage and gastrointestinal digestion. Encapsulation is a widely known technology for enhancing bacterial viability and product stability. Hence highly hydrolyzed whey protein hydrolysate (HWPH) and moderately hydrolyzed whey protein hydrolysate (MWPH) used as a one‐step culture medium and wall material for Lactobacillus rhamnosus were investigated.

RESULTS

H/MWPH‐substitutive medium for the growth of Lactobacillus rhamnosus presented double the biomass production compared to other media. The H/MWPH‐substitutive medium in combination with freeze drying also led to the highest survival ratio (97.13 ± 9.16%) and cell viability (10.62 log CFU g−1). The highest survival rate of spray‐dried cells was 85.56 ± 7.4%. In addition, the cell viability of spray‐dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus with MWPH as culture and dry medium was 0.79 log CFU g−1 higher than that of HWPH. Images confirmed that spray‐dried Lactobacillus rhamnosus in MWPH provided better protection and it showed greater sustained viability after gastrointestinal digestion.

CONCLUSION

Overall, WPH just as carrier provides better thermal protection and MWPH is a preferable two‐in‐one medium for probiotics. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modeling the relationship between air temperature and grapefruit quality traits
Authors: Zhang Congmu , Hoogenboom Gerrit , Ritenour Mark A. , Alam‐Eldein Shamel M. , Muñoz‐Carpena Rafael , Sargent Steven A.
Published: September 2022

BACKGROUND

Consumers of grapefruit require consistent fruit quality with a good physical appearance and taste. The air temperature during the growing season affects both the external (external color index (ECI)) and internal (titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids ratio (TSS/TA)) fruit quality of grapefruit. The objective of this study was to develop computer models that encompass the relationship between preharvest air temperature and fruit quality to predict fruit quality of grapefruit at harvest.

RESULTS

There was a logarithmic relationship between the number of days with a daily minimum air temperature ≤13 °C and ECI, with a greater number of days resulting in higher ECI. In addition, there was a second‐order polynomial relationship between the number of hours ≥21 °C and both TA and TSS/TA, with a greater number of hours resulting in lower TA and higher TSS/TA. Model performance for predicting the ECI, TA, and TSS/TA during 2004–05 and 2005–06 growing seasons was good, with Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) values for each season of 0.835 and 0.917 respectively for ECI, 0.896 and 0.965 respectively for TA and 0.898 and 0.966 respectively for TSS/TA. Applying the model to statistical survey data covering 13 growing seasons demonstrated that the TSS/TA model was robust.

CONCLUSION

Statistical models were developed that predicted the development of grapefruit ECI, TA, and TSS/TA. The TSS/TA model was confirmed after application to long‐term statistical survey data covering 13 growing seasons. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fifty‐year history of the evolution of spinal metastatic disease management
Authors: Newman W. Christopher , Bilsky Mark H.
Published: September 2022

Spine metastases are a significant source of morbidity in oncology. Treatment of these spine metastases largely remains palliative, but advances over the past 50 years have improved the effectiveness of interventions for preserving functional status and obtaining local control while minimizing morbidity. While the field began with conventional external beam radiation as the primary treatment modality, a series of paradigm shifts and technological advances in the 2000s led to a change in treatment patterns. These advances allowed for an increased role of surgical decompression of neural elements, a shift in the stereotactic capabilities of radiation oncologists, and an improved understanding of the radiobiology of metastatic disease. The result was improved local control while minimizing treatment morbidity. These advances fit within the larger framework of metastatic spine tumor management known as the Neurologic, Oncologic, Mechanical, and Systemic disease decision framework. This dynamic framework takes into account the neurological function of the patient, the radiobiology of their tumor, their degree of mechanical instability, and their systemic disease control and treatment options to help determine appropriate interventions based on the individual patient. Herein, we describe the 50‐year evolution of metastatic spine tumor management and the impact of various advances on the field.
Fifty years of pancreas cancer care
Authors: Brennan Murray F. , Allen Peter J. , Jarnagin William R.
Published: September 2022

Resulting from 50 years of innovation, operations for pancreatic neoplasms can now be performed safely, albeit with significant but manageable morbidity. Molecular diagnosis has allowed for the identification of multiple distinct histopathologies with variable natural histories. Observation is now a strategy for selected indolent cysts and some neuroendocrine neoplasms. For ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma, a long‐term cure remains elusive and will require more than surgical resection for meaningful progress.
Genitourinary tumors
Authors: Herr Harry , Sogani Pramod , Eastham James
Published: September 2022

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) has made many notable contributions to the scientific understanding and care of patients with common urologic cancers. Many of the advances represented paradigm shifts in management and established new standards of care. This review highlights the surgical procedures and treatment strategies originated and pioneered by urologic surgeons and colleagues at MSK during the past 50 years.
Five decades of progress in surgical oncology: Tumors of the lung and esophagus
Authors: Rusch Valerie W.
Published: September 2022

During the past 50 years, there has been a remarkable transformation in the management of lung and esophageal cancers. Improved methods of diagnosis, better staging and patient selection for surgery, the advent of minimally invasive approaches to resection, decreasing operative mortality, greater insights into tumor biology, and the development of effective multimodality therapies and precision medicine have contributed to this transformation. Progress has been most notable in lung cancer.
Five decades of progress in surgical oncology: Breast
Authors: Downs‐Canner Stephanie , Cody Hiram S.
Published: September 2022

Surgery remains the single most effective treatment for breast cancer but coincident with a deeper understanding of tumor biology and advances in multidisciplinary care (encompassing breast imaging, systemic adjuvant therapy, radiotherapy, and genomics) continues to de‐escalate, supported by strong level I data. We have moved from mastectomy to breast conservation, and from routine axillary dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy to selective omission of axillary node staging altogether. We have further de‐escalated through consensus over margin width in breast conservation, through improvements in neoadjuvant therapy, and by demonstrating no benefit for upfront surgery in patients with stage IV disease. For patients with ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence, reconservation surgery and reirradiation are promising. Cell cycle and immune checkpoint inhibitors, when added to conventional systemic therapy, have now moved beyond stage IV disease to phase III trials in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings, promising even further de‐escalation of surgery. Finally, with genomic profiling we are moving away from the primacy of axillary node status for prognostication and into a new era allowing prediction of response to therapy.
Progress in surgical oncology: Gynecology perspective
Authors: Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R.
Published: September 2022

Since its founding in 1884, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) has set standards of care in gynecologic oncology. Over time, the MSK treatment approach evolved into an effort of gynecologic oncology experts across disciplines. As the anatomic field of gynecologic oncology surgery expanded beyond the pelvis, experts in other fields of cancer care, including our hepatobiliary and thoracic colleagues, joined this interprofessional effort. Here, we describe recent, key contributions to surgical gynecologic oncology by the Gynecology Service at MSK.
Advances in the management of liver and biliary tumors
Authors: Jarnagin William R. , D'Angelica Michael I.
Published: September 2022

Over the past 50 years, the management of liver and biliary tumors has evolved significantly. Initially considered highly morbid and lethal, resection is now the treatment of choice for a significant proportion of patients with malignant and benign hepatobiliary disease. Improved operative/anesthetic techniques, use of parenchymal‐sparing approaches, better patient selection for surgery, effective liver‐directed therapies, and new insights into tumor biology are significant contributors to our transformed approach to hepatobiliary neoplasms.
Fifty years of progress in gastric cancer
Authors: Coit Daniel G. , Strong Vivian E.
Published: September 2022

As with every human malignancy, the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with gastric cancer have undergone enormous evidence‐based change over the last 50 years, largely as a result of increasingly rapid developments in technology and science. Some of the changes in clinical practice have derived from prospective randomized controlled trials (RCTs), whereas others have come from study of meticulously maintained prospective databases, which define the disease's natural history over time, and occasionally from in‐depth analysis of a single patient with an unexpectedly good or poor outcome. Herein we summarize the more important changes in gastric cancer management and the data supporting those changes.
Colorectal cancer
Authors: Paty Philip B. , Garcia‐Aguilar Julio
Published: September 2022

Although surgery is the established standard and mainstay for treatment of colorectal cancer, advances in technology and clinical trials over the past 50 years have dramatically expanded and improved the detection, staging, treatment, and understanding of this disease. This review highlights contributions by surgeons, oncologists, gastroenterologists, engineers, and scientists to increase postsurgical recurrence‐free survival, reduce the time and toxicity of treatment, and improve the quality of life for patients over the past half‐century.
Study the key biogenic amines in luncheon meat by capillary electrophoresis with indirect ultraviolet detection
Authors: Wang Rong , Xu Zhongqi , Yang Xue
Published: September 2022

In this work, a simple, accurate, and rapid capillary electrophoresis with an indirect ultraviolet detection method was developed to simultaneous separate 10 biogenic amines. It was found that β‐cyclodextrin and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid facilitated the separation of tryptamine and tyramine, spermidine and spermine, respectively. The optimized background electrolytes consisted of 20.0 mmol/L imidazole, 8.0 mmol/L β‐cyclodextrin, 0.5 mmol/L ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and 6.0% methanol (at pH 4.50 adjusted with acetic acid). The total analysis time of this method was less than 11 min with limits of detection in the range of 0.14–1.98 mg/L. The interday relative standard deviation of migration time and peak area were less than 1.36% and 4.44% (n = 6), respectively. To verify the applicability, this method was carried out to analyze biogenic amines in commercial luncheon meat samples. Due to the complex composition of luncheon meat, the real samples were rinsed with deionized water to reduce the influence of matrices. It was found that both storage temperature and protein content of the luncheon meat samples affected the biogenic amines content during storage. The results of this study are instructive for the storage of high‐protein meat products.
Cold‐water coral ecosystems under future ocean change: Live coral performance vs. framework dissolution and bioerosion
Authors: Büscher Janina Vanessa , Form Armin Uwe , Wisshak Max , Kiko Rainer , Riebesell Ulf
Published: September 2022

Physiological sensitivity of cold‐water corals to ocean change is far less understood than of tropical corals and very little is known about the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on degradative processes of dead coral framework. In a 13‐month laboratory experiment, we examined the interactive effects of gradually increasing temperature and pCO2 levels on survival, growth, and respiration of two prominent color morphotypes (colormorphs) of the framework‐forming cold‐water coral Lophelia pertusa, as well as bioerosion and dissolution of dead framework. Calcification rates tended to increase with warming, showing temperature optima at ~ 14°C (white colormorph) and 10–12°C (orange colormorph) and decreased with increasing pCO2. Net dissolution occurred at aragonite undersaturation (ΩAr < 1) at ~ 1000 μatm pCO2. Under combined warming and acidification, the negative effects of acidification on growth were initially mitigated, but at ~ 1600 μatm dissolution prevailed. Respiration rates increased with warming, more strongly in orange corals, while acidification slightly suppressed respiration. Calcification and respiration rates as well as polyp mortality were consistently higher in orange corals. Mortality increased considerably at 14–15°C in both colormorphs. Bioerosion/dissolution of dead framework was not affected by warming alone but was significantly enhanced by acidification. While live corals may cope with intermediate levels of elevated pCO2 and temperature, long‐term impacts beyond levels projected for the end of this century will likely lead to skeletal dissolution and increased mortality. Our findings further suggest that acidification causes accelerated degradation of dead framework even at aragonite saturated conditions, which will eventually compromise the structural integrity of cold‐water coral reefs.
Training the next generation of learning health system scientists
Authors: Lozano Paula M. , Lane‐Fall Meghan , Franklin Patricia D. , Rothman Russell L. , Gonzales Ralph , Ong Michael K. , Gould Michael K. , Beebe Timothy J. , Roumie Christianne L. , Guise Jeanne‐Marie , Enders Felicity T. , Forrest Christopher B. , Mendonca Eneida A. , Starrels Joanna L. , Sarkar Urmimala , Savitz Lucy A. , Moon JeanHee , Linzer Mark , Ralston James D. , Chesley Francis D.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The learning health system (LHS) aligns science, informatics, incentives, stakeholders, and culture for continuous improvement and innovation. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality and the Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research Institute designed a K12 initiative to grow the number of LHS scientists. We describe approaches developed by 11 funded centers of excellence (COEs) to promote partnerships between scholars and health system leaders and to provide mentored research training.

Methods

Since 2018, the COEs have enlisted faculty, secured institutional resources, partnered with health systems, developed and implemented curricula, recruited scholars, and provided mentored training. Program directors for each COE provided descriptive data on program context, scholar characteristics, stakeholder engagement, scholar experiences with health system partnerships, roles following program completion, and key training challenges.

Results

To date, the 11 COEs have partnered with health systems to train 110 scholars. Nine (82%) programs partner with a Veterans Affairs health system and 9 (82%) partner with safety net providers. Clinically trained scholars (n = 87; 79%) include 70 physicians and 17 scholars in other clinical disciplines. Non‐clinicians (n = 29; 26%) represent diverse fields, dominated by population health sciences. Stakeholder engagement helps scholars understand health system and patient/family needs and priorities, enabling opportunities to conduct embedded research, improve outcomes, and grow skills in translating research methods and findings into practice. Challenges include supporting scholars through roadblocks that threaten to derail projects during their limited program time, ranging from delays in access to data to COVID‐19‐related impediments and shifts in organizational priorities.

Conclusions

Four years into this novel training program, there is evidence of scholars' accomplishments, both in traditional academic terms and in terms of moving along career trajectories that hold the potential to lead and accelerate transformational health system change. Future LHS training efforts should focus on sustainability, including organizational support for scholar activities.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Hyaluronic Acid/Vanillin Conjugates
Authors: Abla Maher , Waked Anthony , Trombotto Stéphane , Maalouf Mira
Published: September 2022

Natural phenolic compounds are known not only for their multiple bioactivities but also for their low bioavailability and rapid metabolism in the systemic circulation. It is well‐known that grafting these phenolic compounds to bio‐based polymers such as hyaluronic acid (HA), has the advantage to increase their stability and water solubility. HA has CD44 receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells. This makes from HA an interesting vector for antitumor drug delivery systems. The work reported herein describes the synthesis and the structural characterization of HA/vanillin conjugates as well as the size and shape of their aqueous microassemblies using dynamic light scattering and scattering electron microscopy. Finally, investigation on the bioactivity of such conjugates demonstrates that grafting vanillin to HA improves significantly its cytotoxicity against MDA‐MB231 cancer cells in both dose and time‐dependent manner, and reduces the migration ability as well as the number and the volume of breast cancer spheres.
Efficient Synthesis of Macromolecular DO3A@Gn Derivatives for Potential Application in MRI Diagnostics: From Polymer Conjugates to Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Kampmann Anne‐Larissa , Hiller Wolf , Weberskirch Ralf
Published: September 2022

Herein, the synthesis of three different macromolecular DO3A@Gn conjugates based on poly(2‐oxazoline)s is presented. Therefore, poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) is synthesized by a ring‐opening, cationic polymerization and the polymerization is terminated with DO3A(tBu)3. The best results are obtained after 48 h at 120 °C with degree of termination of 86%. After deprotection of the DO3A ligand and complexation with Gn3+, relaxivity as measured with a magnetic field strength of 9.4 T (400 MHz) reveals values for r1 of up to 2.32 mm−1 s−1. The concept is extended to a block copolymer based on 2‐heptyl‐2‐oxazoline and 2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline that is again terminated with DO3A(tBu)3 to form micelles with a size of 12.6 ± 0.7 nm after DO3A(tBu)3 termination and deprotection of the 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐N,N,N,N‐tetraacetic acid ligand. After complexation with Gn3+, relaxivity r1 is 10.1 mm−1 s−1 as determined from the slope of the plot of 1/T1 against the gadolinium(III) concentration at 9.4 T. Finally, crosslinked nanoparticles are prepared from amphiphilic macro‐monomers that form micelles in water and are crosslinked throughout the core in the presence of azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN). The nanoparticle is 32.9 ± 7.8 nm in size after Gn3+ complexation and reveals a relaxivity r1 of 6.77 mm−1 s−1.
Effect of Martensitic Transformation of NiTi Particles on Temperature Sensitivity of Flexible VGCF/PDMS Films
Authors: Li Teng , Li Jiaqi , Liu Dongyu , Gong Shen , Wu Chanyuan , Zhu Zhenghong
Published: September 2022

A novel NiTi/vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)/polydimethylsiloxane flexible film is successfully prepared, of which the resistivity can keep stable under various strain deformation. By introducing NiTi particles with appropriate phase transition temperature, the resistivity change value of the composite in the temperature range can be doubled without affecting the flexibility of the composite. A computer simulation based on percolation network (PN) theory and Monte Carlo (MC) calculation is developed to understand the mechanisms of resistivity temperature curves. The simulation results agree with experiments quantitatively, which reveal that the inhomogeneous martensitic transformation of NiTi particles is a dominant mechanism for the enlarged and nonlinearity resistivity temperature variation of the composite. Parametric studies have been conducted and the calculation results show that selecting NiTi particles with smaller particle diameter, VGCF with higher conductivity, and polymer with larger coefficient of thermal expansion is conducive to further obtain flexible composite films with better temperature sensitivity.
Targeting cancer cachexia: Molecular mechanisms and clinical study
Authors: Wang Yong‐Fei , An Zi‐Yi , Lin Dong‐Hai , Jin Wei‐Lin
Published: September 2022

Cancer cachexia is a complex systemic catabolism syndrome characterized by muscle wasting. It affects multiple distant organs and their crosstalk with cancer constitute cancer cachexia environment. During the occurrence and progression of cancer cachexia, interactions of aberrant organs with cancer cells or other organs in a cancer cachexia environment initiate a cascade of stress reactions and destroy multiple organs including the liver, heart, pancreas, intestine, brain, bone, and spleen in metabolism, neural, and immune homeostasis. The role of involved organs turned from inhibiting tumor growth into promoting cancer cachexia in cancer progression. In this review, we depicted the complicated relationship of cancer cachexia with the metabolism, neural, and immune homeostasis imbalance in multiple organs in a cancer cachexia environment and summarized the treatment progress in recent years. And we discussed the molecular mechanism and clinical study of cancer cachexia from the perspective of multiple organs metabolic, neurological, and immunological abnormalities. Updated understanding of cancer cachexia might facilitate the exploration of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets of cancer cachexia.
Supplier encroachment and information transparency on fresh produce e‐commerce platform: Impacts on the traditional channel
Authors: Tian Yu , Dan Bin , Lei Ting , Liu Molin
Published: September 2022

As fresh produce e‐commerce develops, some suppliers with traditional channels begin to encroach online through agency or reselling mode of the platform. This paper studies the supplier's entry mode choice and the platform's information sharing strategy and analyzes impacts on the traditional channel. It reveals that the platform may voluntarily share information. However, increasing commission fees may inhibit the sharing motivation. The supplier may choose entry with agency selling to induce information sharing even at high commission fees. Under equilibrium strategy, the traditional channel demand and the retailer's profit may increase, indicating that supplier encroachment may achieve all‐win situation.
What drives the production and diffusion of mobile apps? An international investigation
Authors: Blanco German , Goel Rajeev K. , Ram Rati
Published: September 2022

Mobile apps have proliferated online in recent years, but related formal research has lagged behind. Using data on a large sample of nations over the years 2018–2020, we estimate the drivers of mobile app production. Results show that more mobile subscribers (capturing demand‐pull effects) increase mobile app production. However, overall E‐participation fails to exert a significant influence. Both FDI inflows and ICT imports contribute to mobile app production, as do the inputs and outputs of overall technological change (patents, researchers, and knowledge workers). These results contrast with the (mostly insignificant) results for capital formation and the rule of law.
Joint Modeling Study Identifies Blood‐Based Transcripts Link to Cognitive Decline in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Luo Junfeng , Wu Hao , Li Jinxia , Xian Wenbiao , Li Weimin , Locascio Joseph J. , Pei Zhong , Liu Ganqiang
Published: September 2022

Background

Cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease (PD) is prevalent, insidious, and burdensome during the progression of the disease.

Objectives

We aimed to find transcriptome‐wide biomarkers in blood to predict cognitive decline and identify patients at high risk with cognitive impairment in PD.

Methods

We carried out joint modeling analysis to characterize transcriptome‐wide longitudinal gene expression and its association with the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in PD patients. The average time‐dependent area under the curves (AUCs) were used for evaluating the accuracy of the significant joint models. A cognitive survival score (CogSs) derived from joint model was leveraged to predict the occurrence of MCI. All predicting models were built in a discovery cohort with 272 patients and replicated in an independent cohort with 177 patients.

Results

We identified five longitudinal varied expression of transcripts that were significantly associated with MCI progression in patients with PD. The most significant transcript IGLC1 joint model accurately predicted the progression of MCI in PD patients in the discovery and replication cohorts (average time‐dependent AUCs >0.82). The CogSs derived from the optimal IGLC1 joint model had a high accuracy at early study stage in both cohorts (AUC ≥0.91).

Conclusions

Our transcriptome‐wide joint modeling analysis uncovered five blood‐based transcripts related to cognitive decline in PD. The joint models will serve as a useful resource for clinicians and researchers to screen PD patients with high risk of development of cognitive impairment and pave the path for Parkinson's personalized medicine. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
KEAP1‐NRF2 protein–protein interaction inhibitors: Design, pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential
Authors: Crisman Enrique , Duarte Pablo , Dauden Esteban , Cuadrado Antonio , Rodríguez‐Franco María Isabel , López Manuela G. , León Rafael
Published: September 2022

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) is considered the master regulator of the phase II antioxidant response. It controls a plethora of cytoprotective genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and protein homeostasis, among other processes. Activation of these pathways has been described in numerous pathologies including cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, digestive, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. Considering the increasing interest of discovering novel NRF2 activators due to its clinical application, initial efforts were devoted to the development of electrophilic drugs able to induce NRF2 nuclear accumulation by targeting its natural repressor protein Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) through covalent modifications on cysteine residues. However, off‐target effects of these drugs prompted the development of an innovative strategy, the search of KEAP1‐NRF2 protein–protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. These innovative activators are proposed to target NRF2 in a more selective way, leading to potentially improved drugs with the application for a variety of diseases that are currently under investigation. In this review, we summarize known KEAP1‐NRF2 PPI inhibitors to date and the bases of their design highlighting the most important features of their respective interactions. We also discuss the preclinical pharmacological properties described for the most promising compounds.
Mesenchymal stem cell culture in aligned porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds using a multiwell plate bioreactor for bone tissue engineering
Authors: G. Gayathry , R. K. Athira , M. S. Anju , P. R. Anil Kumar , P. R. Harikrishna Varma , Kasoju Naresh , Komath Manoj
Published: September 2022

Regeneration of bone lost by trauma, diseases and aging, and restoration of its load‐bearing function are major clinical challenges. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a clinically proven scaffold material for bone grafting, but the random‐pore structure limits the homing of the cells inside the graft and the bone regeneration progresses with the resorption of the graft material. This work is based on the hypothesis that aligned through pores in the graft will lead to a faster healing by homing the local cells inside and provide a better environment for new bone formation through the graft structure. The investigation was done using aligned porous HA scaffolds seeded with human Wharton's jelly‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ‐MSCs) and cultured in a multiwell format bioreactor setup. The cell adhesion was studied by microscopy, cell proliferation was evaluated by Alamar blue assay and osteogenic differentiation was confirmed by biochemical and molecular assays. The results indicate that the hWJ‐MSCs infiltrated through the aligned porous network of the scaffold, proliferated well when cultured in the expansion medium, and differentiated into osteogenic lineage when cultured in the differentiation medium.
Comparison of outcomes between single‐ and multiple‐perforator‐based free perforator flaps: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Shou‐cheng , Liu Yi‐hao , Shi Chao , Qiao Qi‐hui , Xu Zhong‐fei , Feng Cui‐juan
Published: September 2022

Background

Perforator‐based free perforator flaps have become an important tool for the reconstruction of tissue defects. The effect of the number of perforators on the outcomes of perforator flaps has been widely debated. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of single‐ and multiple‐perforator‐based free perforator flaps in free‐flap reconstruction.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov between January 2000 and June 2021 to identify studies that reported data on the outcomes of free perforator flaps. Two authors individually extracted data and performed quality assessment. Outcomes, including partial flap loss, total loss, fat necrosis, arterial insufficiency, venous insufficiency, hemorrhage and hematoma, wound dehiscence at recipient sites and donor site complications, were evaluated.

Results

Thirty‐two studies with 2498 flaps were included in our analysis. No significant difference was found in the rates of partial loss and arterial insufficiency of flaps, hemorrhage and hematoma, wound dehiscence at recipient sites and donor site complications. However, the multiple‐perforator group showed significantly lower rates of total loss (relative risk [RR] = 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.79, p = .754), fat necrosis (RR = 1.79, 95% [CI]: 1.36–2.36, p = .000) and venous insufficiency (RR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.07–2.79, p = .026) than the single‐perforator group.

Conclusion

The rates of total loss, fat necrosis and venous insufficiency in the multiple‐perforator group were lower than those in the single‐perforator group. Hence, we recommend that multiple perforators be included in the free perforator flap when appropriate, to yield better clinical outcomes in reconstruction.
Study of wave propagation in arterial blood flow under symmetry analysis
Authors: Shagolshem Sumanta , Bira B. , Zeidan Dia
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we address a one‐dimensional quasi‐linear hyperbolic system of equations describing blood flow through compliant axi‐symmetric vessels. From the symmetry analysis, we derive symmetry group of transformations and the corresponding symmetry generators by analyzing the parameters. Next, with the help of symmetry generators and invariant functions, we construct and classify the optimal system of subalgebras. Further, we obtained the similarity variables and similarity forms for each subalgebra leading to the reduction of the given governing coupled PDEs to the system of ODEs. Moreover, we studied the nature of blood flow velocity as well as the cross‐sectional area of the arteries under the influence of arterial stiffness
graphically. Finally, the evolutionary behavior of weak discontinuity in the blood flow pattern is discussed with respect to aging.
Global existence of weak solution to a phase‐field model on martensitic phase transformations
Authors: Yang Manman , Wu Fan , Zhu Zixian
Published: September 2022

We introduce a mesoscale model capable of describing transformations between martensitic variants as well as twinning. The model consists of two nonlinear parabolic equations of second order, and one of equations is degenerate. We prove the existence of global‐in‐time solutions to an initial‐boundary value problem in one space dimension of this model.
The mitochondrial‐derived lncRNA MDL1 mediates a mitochondria‐to‐nucleus retrograde regulation by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of p53
Authors: Li Jia , Bai Ruolin , Yang Weijia , Miao Hui , Li Yu , Dai Hongyuan , Li Ling , Zhao Yongyun , Song Xu
Published: September 2022

It has been clear that mitochondria are not just nucleus‐relying entities; instead, they also modulate nuclear events reversely. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are classified into nuclear‐encoded and mitochondrial‐derived lncRNAs (nulncRNAs and mtlncRNAs, respectively). Relative to nulncRNAs, the mtlncRNAs are far from being well characterized. Here we report a mtlncRNA, MDL1, that interacts with both p53 and Tid1 proteins and acts as retrograde signaling. MDL1 can regulate a network of nuclear genes, including p53 targets, and functions in cells in a p53‐dependent manner. Mechanistically, MDL1 is necessary for maintenance of the reciprocal interaction between p53 and Tid1, thereby facilitating formation of a ternary MDL1/p53/Tid1 complex that inhibits the nuclear translocation of p53. Since p53 is a canonical transcription factor, the observed inhibition of p53 nuclear translocation would contribute to the MDL1‐mediated mitochondrial retrograde regulation on nuclear genes expression. This study advances our understanding of lncRNA biology, and also sheds new light on the role of mtlncRNAs in mitochondrial‐nuclear functional network and in diverse biological processes.
Association between mental health and academic performance among university undergraduates: The interacting role of lifestyle behaviors
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Liu Xin , Takayanagi Shigemi , Matsushita Tomoko , Kishimoto Hiro
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Impaired mental health status tends to be associated with poor academic performance, but few prospective studies have examined the association between mental health and academic performance among undergraduates while considering the interacting roles of multiple lifestyle behaviors.

Participants and Methods

A total of 1823 Japanese undergraduate students (67% men) were followed up for 4 years. Their mental health status was measured by the six‐item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). We defined poor academic performance as a grade point average (GPA) <2.0. Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between the students' mental health status and the incident risk of poor academic performance.

Results

Our analyses revealed that impaired mental health status in the first semester of university study significantly predicted an increased incident risk of poor academic performance during the overall undergraduate period. This association remained significant when the health lifestyle behaviors were adjusted, and the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for poor academic performance was 1.62 (1.18–2.23). This significant association disappeared in the low‐lifestyle‐behavior‐risk group.

Conclusion

Impaired mental health status in the first semester significantly predicts an increased incident risk of poor academic performance during the undergraduate period.
Assessing patient safety culture in obstetrics ward: A pilot study using a modified Manchester Patient Safety Framework in China
Authors: Wang Li‐juan , Wang XiaoLing , Zou Min , Jiang Li‐ping , Ding Hui‐rong
Published: September 2022

Aim

The primary objective of this study was to assess the patient safety culture in a general hospital in Shanghai, China, through a modified Manchester Patient Safety Framework (MaPSaF).

Design

This study has a qualitative interview design. Data were collected through group interviews and analyses performed through content analysis.

Methods

The MaPSaF was translated into Chinese and used to assess the patient safety culture in a large general hospital in Shanghai, China. Group interviews using the MaPSaF were conducted with 15 nurses in the obstetric ward. Participants rated their safety practice individually on each of the nine MaPSaF safety culture dimensions. The dimensions and scores were then collectively discussed and a practice‐wide consensus score for each dimension was agreed. Discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed to assess patient safety in the obstetric ward.

Results

It took about 2 hr to complete the discussion focusing on patients' safety employing the MaPSaF. Most participants recognized the process as acceptable and useful. The MaPSaF directed team discussion about patient safety issues and facilitated communication, prompting some practice changes. All participants responded positively to the discussion and perceived MaPSaF as a good safety culture assessment tool, with clear, comprehensive and understandable entries. The process demonstrated that the department of obstetrics in the hospital already had a positive patient safety culture, but certain areas were highlighted as still needing improvement. Based on participants' positive experience and perception of the MaPSaF, it can be concluded that there is potential benefit in its adaptation and use in obstetrics wards of Chinese hospitals. The MaPSaF has the potential to strengthen existing safety cultures and improve general safety through collaborative measures.
Ethics of Care as a theory of normative fundraising ethics
Authors: Willey Sarah N. , Owen Christopher J.
Published: September 2022

Little normative ethical theory exists in the nonprofit marketing literature. Previous attempts at an ethical framework for the field of nonprofit fundraising fell short of fully considering the full spectrum of relationships involved in fundraising practice. We introduce the concept of Ethics of Care, an ethical theory that centers around relationships and interpersonal well‐being, as a philosophical foundation for professional ethics in the field of fundraising. We believe this theory provides a suitable framework in which to ground questions of professional ethics for nonprofit fundraising professionals. The adoption of Ethics of Care as a normative ethical theory for fundraising will allow applied ethical questions in the field to be explored in a way that more fully addresses all parties involved in fundraising and affected by its outcomes. Our paper illustrates the process of applying the foundational principles in specific ethical quandaries found within fundraising and aims to address the omission of the beneficiary in the majority of previous ethical frameworks and promote a new set of standards that fully incorporates and balances all stakeholders' needs.
Local ecological knowledge provides novel evidence on threats and declines for the Caucasian grouse Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, Iran
Authors: Ghanbari Sajad , Turvey Samuel T.
Published: September 2022

The Caucasian grouse Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi, one of the most poorly known species of grouse, is experiencing population declines associated with multiple threats. Evaluating species' population status in relation to different local human activities is important to inform conservation and identify suitable management methods, but determining status and threats for poorly known taxa may require assessment of non‐standard sources of ecological information.

We investigated what novel insights can be provided by local ecological knowledge (LEK) about population status and threats to the Caucasian grouse, in relation to the comparative status of other co‐occurring wildlife and to different local land‐use activities, and how data on local awareness and attitudes can guide conservation planning for this species. We conducted an interview survey in rural communities in the Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve (ABR), Iran, and collected LEK from 95 respondents within villages situated close to the locations of surviving and extirpated grouse populations.

LEK is a useful tool for assessing the status of grouse populations: 41.1% of respondents recognized grouse and 30.5% had seen the species, and respondents within villages situated close to surviving grouse populations had greater awareness, sighting likelihood, and more recent sightings. More respondents considered that grouse and other galliforms had declined in comparison to other wildlife. Decline and disappearance of grouse populations is associated with alteration and disturbance of grouse habitat, with potential drivers including increased cattle grazing and local bans on harvesting fodder.

These findings provide a new baseline to guide the development of suitable grassland management strategies (e.g. grazing regimes) for this species, and highlight the importance of further assessment of the effects of habitat disturbance on grouse survival, including understanding local histories of human–environmental interaction. Current landscape management methods are not supported by local people within the ABR, with most respondents disagreeing with the strict conservation measures currently in place, and we recommend that a new management system should be developed for Caucasian grouse conservation, including targeted conservation education and involving local community participation and co‐management.

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Mechanical and antimicrobial properties of low‐density‐polyethylene/MgO nanocomposites
Authors: Cament Alejandro , Moreno‐Serna Viviana , Loyo Carlos , Quintana Pabla , Seura Pablo , Baier Raúl Vallejos , Benavente Rosario , Ulloa María Teresa , Rivas Lina María , Pino Eduardo , Gómez Tatiana , Zapata Paula A.
Published: September 2022

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites containing magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles are obtained by melt mixing. MgO nanoparticles ca. 29 ± 2 nm are synthesized by sol–gel and organically modified on the surface with oleic acid (Mod‐MgO), whose final concentration in the polymers is 3, 5, and 10 wt%. The presence of these nanoparticles did not affect the crystallization process of LDPE. However, Young's modulus increases with 10 wt% of Mod‐MgO nanoparticles, rendering higher reinforcement effects with an increase as high as 48%. This affects the elongation at break, which decreases ca. 57% compared to neat LDPE. The storage and loss modulus of the LDPE/MgO and LDPE/Mod‐MgO nanocomposites increases at room temperature and low temperatures (−150 to −50°C) compared to neat LDPE. SEM analysis showed that the organic modification of MgO nanoparticles improved their dispersion within the polymer matrix. Nanocomposites present antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, reaching an efficiency ca. 53%.
Newly developed biocarbon to increase electrical conductivity in sustainable polyamide 12 composites
Authors: Das Chinmoyee , Tamrakar Sandeep , Mielewski Debbie , Kiziltas Alper , Xie Xinfeng
Published: September 2022

Sustainable manufacture caused shift in automotive manufacturing practices. Polymer‐based composites make up almost 15% mass of the entire vehicle, most importantly the fuel system of the vehicle. Poor electrical conductivity of the polymer composites leads to electrostatic deposition, which can lead to issues. Carbon based synthetic fillers like carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes are attractive options to develop electrically conductive composites, owing to their excellent electrical and mechanical properties. However, the production process of these reinforcements is highly time and energy intensive making it quite expensive and not quite sustainable. Lignocellulosic feedstock can be carbonized at a high treatment temperature of ≥1000°C to produce electrically conductive biocarbon filler. In this study biocarbon fibers developed using Douglas fir pulp, were incorporated into polyamide 12 matrix to develop composites. The composites were fabricated using hot compression mounting. At a filler loading of 7.5 wt% the composites reported log electrical conductivity value of −6.67 S/cm and at 35 wt% filler loading rate the composite conductivity was −0.31 S/cm. An electrical conductivity of −8.70 S/cm for polyamide 6 composites filled with 20 wt% carbon fiber and −1.03 S/cm were reported for 40 wt% carbon fiber concentration in reviewed literature. The electrical conductivity values for the samples with 20 and 40 wt% carbon fibers are significantly lower compared to the biochar fiber filled composites at 25 and 35 wt% biochar filler loading rates, indicating the effectiveness of the biochar filler as a conductive filler in developing electrically conductive, sustainable composites.
Opportunities for pharmacoproteomics in biomarker discovery
Authors: Poulos Rebecca C. , Cai Zhaoxiang , Robinson Phillip J. , Reddel Roger R. , Zhong Qing
Published: September 2022

Proteomic data are a uniquely valuable resource for drug response prediction and biomarker discovery because most drugs interact directly with proteins in target cells rather than with DNA or RNA. Recent advances in mass spectrometry and associated processing methods have enabled the generation of large‐scale proteomic datasets. Here we review the significant opportunities that currently exist to combine large‐scale proteomic data with drug‐related research, a field termed pharmacoproteomics. We describe successful applications of drug response prediction using molecular data, with an emphasis on oncology. We focus on technical advances in data‐independent acquisition mass spectrometry (DIA‐MS) that can facilitate the discovery of protein biomarkers for drug responses, alongside the increased availability of big biomedical data. We spotlight new opportunities for machine learning in pharmacoproteomics, driven by the combination of these large datasets and improved high‐performance computing. Finally, we explore the value of pre‐clinical models for pharmacoproteomic studies and the accompanying challenges of clinical validation. We propose that pharmacoproteomics offers the potential for novel discovery and innovation within the cancer landscape.
Study of plasma parameters and gas heating in the voltage range of nondischarge to full‐discharge in a methane‐fed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Pourali Nima , Lai Khuetian , Gregory Joe , Gong Yuyan , Hessel Volker , Rebrov Evgeny V.
Published: September 2022

Experimental data are used in theoretical models to study the effects of input voltage and gas flow rate on plasma and background gas parameters in a voltage range where the transition from nondischarge to full‐discharge happens. To this end, a specific methane‐fed dielectric barrier discharge is used as a plasma reactor, and electrical modeling, the Boltzmann equation method, and emission spectrum analysis are employed to calculate plasma parameters and gas heating. The output of this study proves that a uniform plasma with a controllable background gas heating is achievable by the adjustment of input parameters such as voltage and gas flow rate in a well‐designed dielectric barrier discharge.