bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intent to purchase IoT home security devices: Fear vs privacy
Authors: George Joey F. , Chen Rui , Yuan Lingyao
Published: September 2021

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a widely hyped concept, with its focus on the connection of smart devices to the Internet rather than on people. IoT for consumers is often called the smart home market, and a large part of that market consists of home security devices. Consumers are often motivated to purchase smart home security devices to prevent burglaries, which they fear may lead to damage to their property or threats to their families. However, they also understand that IoT home security devices may be a threat to the privacy of their personal information. To determine the relative roles of fear and privacy concerns in the decision to purchase IoT home security devices, we conducted a survey of American consumers. We used the Theory of Reasoned Action as the theoretical basis for the study. We found that fear positively affected consumer attitudes toward purchasing smart home security devices, while concerns about privacy negatively affected attitudes. We found that attitudes toward purchase, the opinions of important others, and experience with burglaries all affected intent to purchase. We also found that the relationship between privacy concerns and intent to purchase is completely mediated by attitudes, while fear has both direct and indirect effects on intent.
Growth, yield and quality of two guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) ecotypes affected by sowing date and planting density in a semi-arid area
Authors: Mahdipour-Afra Maryam , AghaAlikhani Majid , Abbasi Soleiman , Mokhtassi-Bidgoli Ali
Published: September 2021

The growth period, phenology, grain yield and gum content of two different guar ecotypes were studied in response to different sowing dates and plant densities. A two-year field experiment was conducted as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2016 and 2017 growing season. Main plots consisted of four sowing dates (May 21, June 4, June 21 and July 5 in 2016 and May 10, May 26, June 10 and June 26 in 2017), and subplots including three plant densities (13, 20 and 40 plants m-2) and two ecotypes (Pakistani and Indian). Based on findings, the phenological traits, plant height, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by plant density. The effect of ecotypes was statistically significant (p<0.05) on all traits except harvest index in the first year. Furthermore, the seed sowings on May 21 and May 26 with 13 plants m-2 led to highest grain yield (3004.8 and 2826.10 kg.ha-1 for two consecutive years). The high gum content (33.68 and 33.78% for two consecutive years) was also recorded for Pakistani ecotype while for gravity, Indian ecotype showed higher value in both crop years. By and large, the Pakistani ecotype showed better response compared to the Indian one in both years, especially in 1st and 2nd sowing dates.
Total venous nature of retinal deep capillary plexus inferred by continuity of prominent middle limiting membrane sign in optical coherence tomography
Authors: Duan Jialiang , Li Minhao , Wu Zhifeng , Zhang Zhengwei
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to theoretically identify the vascular nature of the deep capillary plexus (DCP) by examining patients presenting with both paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) and prominent middle limiting membrane (p-MLM) sign and p-MLM sign alone in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). A retrospective review of the medical records of patients with retinal vein or artery occlusion from two tertiary medical centers was performed. Consecutive patients with a clinical diagnosis of all categories of retinal artery occlusion (RAO) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO) (branch or central and ischemic or non-ischemic) who had undergone SD-OCT imaging from January 2015 to May 2020 were recruited and their p-MLM signs and PAMM lesions were assessed. We included 118 patients who presented with p-MLM sign with or without PAMM lesions. Amon them, 40 were female and 78 were male, with a mean age of 61.1 years. Of the 109 patients with both p-MLM sign and PAMM lesions, 23 had branch RAO, two had branch RVO, 67 had central RAO, 13 had central RVO, and four had a combination of central RAO and central RVO. All nine patients with the p-MLM sign alone had central RVO accompanied by cystoid macular edema. In all the enrolled patients, the hyperreflective lines of the p-MLM sign were continuous, regardless of the type of PAMM lesions. In conclusion, when PAMM and p-MLM sign are examined together, further proof regarding the possible complete venous nature of the vasculature of the retinal DCP might be speculated.
Comparison among TonoVet, TonoVet Plus, Tono-Pen Avia Vet, and Kowa HA-2 portable tonometers for measuring intraocular pressure in dogs
Authors: Passareli João Victor Goulart Consoni , Nascimento Felipe Franco , Estanho Giovana José Garcia , Ricci Claudia Lizandra , Kanashiro Glaucia Prada , Giuffrida Rogério , Andrade Silvia Franco
Published: September 2021

Background and Aim: Tonometers are an important instrument for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in the diagnosis of glaucoma or uveitis. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of the main types of tonometers with different IOP measurement methodologies in dogs: TonoVet and TonoVet Plus (rebound), Tono-Pen Avia Vet (applanation), and Kowa HA-2 (Goldmann applanation). Materials and Methods: IOP was measured in 152 eyes of 76 dogs. A postmortem study was performed by comparing manometry and tonometry values and calculating the correlation coefficient (r2), in vivo real IOP (manometry) among the tonometers was compared, and an outpatient study was conducted with healthy eyes and eyes with signs of glaucoma and uveitis. Results: In the postmortem study, the values of r2 in descending order were Kowa (0.989), TonoVet Plus (0.984), TonoVet (0.981), and Tono-Pen Avia Vet (0.847). The IOP values in mmHg in the in vivo study were as follows: Aneroid manometer (16.8±2.5.7), TonoVet (18.1±2.9), TonoVet Plus (20.6±2.3), Tono-Pen Avia Vet (17.1±2.5), and Kowa (16.1±1.7); in outpatient clinics: TonoVet (16.8±3.8), TonoVet Plus (19.2±2.9), Tono-Pen Avia Vet (16.2±2.4), and Kowa (15.0±1.3); glaucoma: TonoVet (30.2±3.5), TonoVet Plus (35.0±6.1), Tono-Pen Avia Vet (29.5±4.2), and Kowa (23.9±5.0); and uveitis: TonoVet (14.2±1.4), TonoVet Plus (17.6±1.9), Tono-Pen Avia Vet (13.7±2.1), and Kowa (12.6±1.7). Conclusion: There was a strong correlation between IOP values and manometry in all the tonometers. The highest values were obtained with TonoVet Plus and the lowest with Kowa HA-2. All tonometers accurately measured IOP in dogs, including the latest TonoVet Plus, which showed an excellent correlation coefficient.
Community structure and condition of seagrass meadows in Ayau Islands, Raja Ampat Regency
Authors: Irawan Andri , Hafizt Muhammad , Hernawan Udhi Eko
Published: September 2021

Seagrass meadows are an important component of coastal ecosystems, providing many ecosystem services beneficial for human well-being. Basic information about seagrass meadows in Indonesia is relatively limited, particularly in the eastern part of Indonesia, such as the remote Ayau Islands in Raja Ampat. In this paper, we reported the community structure and condition of seagrass meadows in Ayau Islands surveyed during Nusa Manggala Expedition in November 2018. We conducted the seagrass survey using quadrat transect method at five locations, i.e. Reni, Rutum, Abidon, Kanober, and Dorehkar. In the survey, we assessed parameters of community structure, including habitat extent, species composition, seagrass cover, seagrass density, macroalgae and epiphyte cover. We also recorded environmental parameters, i.e. substrate types, water clarity, salinity, water temperature, and nutrient (phosphate and nitrate). Our study showed that seagrass meadows in Ayau Islands are multispecies meadows, composed of two to five species. In overall, five species recorded in Ayau Islands are Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule pinifolia, Halophila ovalis, and Thalassia hemprichii. The most common species is T. hemprichii as it can be found in all locations. Meadows in Reni, Rutum, and Dorehkar are in a healthy condition, while in Abidon and Kanober are in less healthy condition. This information is of significance as baseline information needed for seagrass conservation planning.
Feasibility and Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Sponge Cytology for Community-Based Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Screening in China
Authors: Gao Ye , Xin Lei , Feng Ya-Dong , Yao Bin , Lin Han , Sun Chang , An Wei , Li Zhao-Shen , Shi Rui-Hua , Wang Luo-Wei
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

Screening is the pivotal strategy to relieve the burden of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in high-risk areas. The cost, invasiveness, and accessibility of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) necessitate the development of preliminary screening methods.

METHODS:

Residents aged 40–85 years were recruited in a high-risk area of ESCC. Esophageal cells were collected using an approved novel capsule sponge, and cytology slides were scanned by a trained artificial intelligence (AI) system before cytologists provided confirmation. Atypical squamous cell or more severe diagnosis was defined as positive cytology. AI-based abnormal cell counts were also reported. EGD was performed subsequently with biopsy as needed. Diagnostic accuracy, adverse events, and acceptability of cytology testing were assessed. Esophageal high-grade lesions (ESCC and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia) were the primary target lesions.

RESULTS:

In total, 1,844 participants were enrolled, and 20 (1.1%) high-grade lesions were confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. The AI-assisted cytologist-confirmed cytology showed good diagnostic accuracy, with a sensitivity of 90.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 76.9%–100.0%), specificity of 93.7% (95% CI, 92.6%–94.8%), and positive predictive value of 13.5% (95% CI, 7.70%–19.3%) for detecting high-grade lesions. The area under the receiver operation characteristics curve was 0.926 (95% CI, 0.850–1.000) and 0.949 (95% CI, 0.890–1.000) for AI-assisted cytologist-confirmed cytology and AI-based abnormal cell count, respectively. The numbers of EGD could be reduced by 92.5% (from 99.2 to 7.4 to detect 1 high-grade lesion) if only cytology-positive participants were referred to endoscopy. No serious adverse events were documented during the cell collection process, and 96.1% participants reported this process as acceptable.

DISCUSSION:

The AI-assisted sponge cytology is feasible, safe, and acceptable for ESCC screening in community, with high accuracy for detecting esophageal squamous high-grade lesions.
Genetic Analysis of Archived Tumor Specimens for Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes in the Cajuns of Louisiana, a US Founder Population
Authors: Karlitz Jordan J. , Phillips Amanda , Sorrells Kelly S. , Rao Shanti
Published: September 2021

INTRODUCTION:

The Louisiana Acadian region (population 1.2 million), home of the Cajuns, has among the highest US colorectal cancer (CRC) rates. Although Cajuns are a known genetic founder population, studies assessing for hereditary CRC have not been performed.

METHODS:

A retrospective review of 2 hospital cancer registries was performed to identify young (<55) Cajun CRC patients in Lafayette, Louisiana (the Acadian region population center), diagnosed from 2003 to 2016. Men were studied because of the higher likelihoods of retaining Cajun surnames for ancestry identification compared with women. Immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins associated with the Lynch syndrome (LS) was performed on tumors. Germline sequencing was performed on adjacent normal tissue of these archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded surgical resection specimens for pathogenic variants underlying CRC-associated syndromes, including LS, familial adenomatous polyposis, and others.

RESULTS:

Of 9 young Cajuns, a germline analysis revealed LS in 2 (MLH1 frameshift, MLH1 missense pathogenic variants). Both had immunohistochemistry-deficient MLH1. Two others had the same adenomatous polyposis coli variant of unknown significance (2 algorithms predicting deleterious and probably damaging change), making this a potential familial adenomatous polyposis founder effect candidate.

DISCUSSION:

This is the first study assessing for hereditary CRC in a large US regional founder population. This small study did not identify clear Cajun founder pathogenic variants. However, larger studies are warranted, which could also help clarify the clinical significance of the adenomatous polyposis coli variant of unknown significance. This study is important because it demonstrates that a retrospective tumor analysis can be used to ascertain the prevalence of genetic susceptibility in specific populations.
Die Entstehung von Spinozas Urteilstheorie und ihre Implikationen für seine politische Philosophie
Authors: Toth Oliver Istvan , Renz Ursula
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we reconstruct the development of Spinoza’s theory of judgment against the backdrop of the development of his political views. In this context we also look at the difference between Descartes’ meta-act theory of judgment, which Spinoza criticises, and his own all-inclusive approach. By “meta-act theory” we understand the claim that content and judgment about the truth of the content are metaphysically really distinct mental items. By an “all-inclusive theory” we understand the claim that judgment and content constitute only one mental act. We show further how the core intuitions of this all-inclusive theory are developed by Spinoza in an increasingly radical manner and how the practical implications of his all-inclusive theory come to the fore in theTheological-Political Treatise: given that content and act are not really distinct, it is metaphysically impossible that human subjects can give up their ability to judge, which is why Spinoza can plausibly contend that everybody has an inalienable right to form their own judgment.
High cellulose diet promotes intestinal motility through regulating intestinal immune homeostasis and serotonin biosynthesis
Authors: Xie Tao , Jin Fa , Jia Xiaokun , Mao Hengxu , Xu Yuting , Zhang Shizhong
Published: September 2021

It is widely accepted dietary fiber intimately linked to inflammatory and nervous diseases, which often been described with altered gastrointestinal (GI) motility. However, how dose dietary fiber modulate inflammation and crosstalk influence GI function has not been explained in detail. We found fiber-free diet reduced intestinal motility, accompanied by upregulated proinflammatory immunocytes and inflammatory cytokines in colon of mice. We also discovered high-cellulose diet increased synthesis of serotonin and expression of neurotrophic factors, both of that have been reported involved in promoting intestinal motility. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed increased tryptophan metabolites in high-cellulose diet mice, which happened to be required for serotonin biosynthesis. Further analysis revealed high-cellulose diet changed the composition of gut microbiota, in particular by altering the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, consequently, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), especially acetate. Orally administration of acetate confirmed its modulating to serotonin synthesis, neurotrophic factors expression and immunocyte differentiation through regulating histone deacetylase (HDAC3) activity in colon. Together, our results demonstrated high-cellulose diet promote intestinal motility through regulating intestinal homeostasis and enteric nervous system by increasing acetate production and HDAC3 inhibition. Thus, rich cellulose diet or acetate supplement can be considered as dietary advice to improve clinically intestinal motility insufficiency.
Incorporating Ethics in Disaster Communication Strategy: The Case of the U.S. Government in Deepwater Horizon
Authors: Horsley J. Suzanne , Hutchins Amber L.
Published: September 2021

BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010 was a major test of the National Incident Management System (NIMS), which the United States federal government mandates for response to all disasters. At the time, this disaster was perhaps the greatest event in scope and duration under NIMS disaster management guidelines since they were revised in 2008 (the third edition was published in 2017). Ten years later, NIMS provides procedures for operating a joint information center (JIC), but still offers no guidelines for ethical communication. This case study examines the ethical implications of 178 news releases distributed by the Deepwater Horizon Incident JIC. Qualitative analysis found that communication was conducted in an open, ethical manner, with few exceptions. Conflicts emerged, however, that may have compromised ethical standards. The authors conclude with recommendations to inform ethical decision making by JIC communicators.
On the extinction problem for a p-Laplacian equation with a nonlinear gradient source
Authors: Liu Dengming , Yu Miaojun
Published: September 2021

We deal with the extinction properties of the weak solutions for a p-Laplacian equation with a gradient nonlinearity. The critical extinction exponent is specified and the decay estimates of the extinction solutions are given.
Nearly total optical transmission of linearly polarized light through transparent electrode composed of GaSb monolithic high-contrast grating integrated with gold
Authors: Tobing Landobasa Y. M. , Wasiak Michał , Zhang Dao Hua , Fan Weijun , Czyszanowski Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Achieving high transmission of light through a highly conductive structure implemented on a semiconductor remains a challenge in optoelectronics as the transmission is inevitably deteriorated by absorption and Fresnel reflection. There have been numerous efforts to design structures with near-unity transmission, yet they are typically constrained by a trade-off between conductivity and optical transmission. To address this problem, we propose and demonstrate a transmission mechanism enabled by a monolithic GaSb subwavelength grating integrated with Au stripes (metalMHCG). Near-unity transmission of polarized light is achieved by inducing low-quality factor resonance in the air gaps between the semiconductor grating stripes, which eliminates light absorption and reflection by the metal. Our numerical simulation shows 97% transmission of transverse magnetic polarized light and sheet resistance of 2.2 ΩSq−1. The metalMHCG structure was realized via multiple nanopatterning and dry etching, with the largest transmission yet reported of ∼90% at a wavelength of 4.5 µm and above 75% transmission in the wavelength range from 4 to 10 µm and sheet resistance at the level of 26 ΩSq−1. High optical transmission is readily achievable using any high refractive index materials employed in optoelectronics. The design of the metalMHCG is applicable in a wide electromagnetic spectrum from near ultraviolet to infrared.
Reenvisioning Russian Propaganda: Media Decentralization and the Use of Social Networks as a Means to Government Continuity
Authors: Hodgson Jayden
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Russia’s social scene has been anything but stable. Through economic turbulence and social unrest by political opposition, Navalny being only the most recent figure in a long list, Russia, under Putin’s leadership, has shown that it can persist when faced with hardship. How does the regime do this? This article argues that its robust propaganda machine is the answer to this question. I provide three arguments to support this thesis. First, I will present how information is produced and disseminated. Second, Russian propaganda, used for branding itself, attempts to influence foreign just as much as domestic audiences. Finally, using private proxies to peddle a positive message on Twitter will be analyzed. Russias propaganda machine threatens liberalism in the West. This article hopes to add to the conversation as first, recognizing the threat, and second, providing information for combatting the regime.
Lending by credit cooperatives, savings banks and other banks during the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Wrede Matthias
Published: September 2021

We examine long-term lending in the course of the Covid-19 pandemic in Germany. We show that the pandemic is associated with increased lending by credit cooperatives and savings banks. The restrictions imposed by governments on social and economic life and the economic impact thereof, measured in terms of planned short-time work, show a significant correlation with the level of lending by all banks.
Crystal structures with infinite chains based on antimony tartrate dimers
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Jacobson Allan J.
Published: September 2021

Seven complex metal antimony tartrates have been synthesized in single crystal form by slowly evaporating aqueous solutions of potassium antimony tartrate (tartar emetic) and divalent metal nitrates or perchlorates. Crystal structures of these compounds all contain infinite chains formed by linking antimony tartrate dimers with divalent metal ions. While infinite chains of antimony tartrate dimers bridged by single Zn2+ ions or by double Mg2+ ions were reported previously, new types of chains with alternating single and double bridging cations are observed in this work.
Study of shocks in a nonideal dusty gas using Maslov, Guderley, and CCW methods for shock exponents
Authors: Chauhan Swati , Chauhan Antim , Arora Rajan
Published: September 2021

In this work, we consider the system of partial differential equations describing one-dimensional (1D) radially symmetric (i.e., cylindrical or spherical) flow of a nonideal gas with small solid dust particles. We analyze the implosion of cylindrical and spherical symmetric strong shock waves in a mixture of a nonideal gas with small solid dust particles. An evolution equation for the strong cylindrical and spherical shock waves is derived by using the Maslov technique based on the kinematics of 1D motion. The approximate value of the similarity exponent describing the behavior of strong shocks is calculated by applying a first-order truncation approximation. The obtained approximate values of similarity exponent are compared with the values of the similarity exponent obtained from Whitham’s rule and Guderley’s method. All the above computations are performed for the different values of mass fraction of dust particles, relative specific heat, and the ratio of the density of dust particle to the density of the mixture and van der Waals excluded volume.
Synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of the quaternary oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce)
Authors: Zheng Chong , Hoffmann Roald , Perkins Timothy S. , Calvagna Frank , Fotovat Roxanna , Ferels Crystal , Mohr Alyssa , Kremer Reinhard K. , Köhler Jürgen , Simon Arndt , Bu Kejun , Huang Fuqiang
Published: September 2021

Two rare earth oxysulfides Ln
5V3O7S6 (Ln = La, Ce) have been synthesized and their structures determined. The two isostructural compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pmmn (no. 59). The structure features one-dimensional edge-sharing VS4O2 octahedron chains parallel to the b axis. The bonding between V and S/O is covalent, and between Ln
3+ and the rest of the matrix ionic. Magnetic susceptibility measurement revealed that V is in a mixed valence state of V3+ and V4+. Its magnetic behavior follows the Curie-Weiss law.
Verschleißuntersuchungen bei der kryogenen Zerspanung von Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Gutzeit Kevin , Basten Stephan , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C.
Published: September 2021

Die Zerspanung von Ti-6Al-4V zeichnet sich durch hohe thermische Belastungen am Werkzeug aus. Dies führt zu einem ausgeprägten, thermisch induzierten Werkzeugverschleiß. Mithilfe einer kryogenen Kühlung können die thermische Belastung des Werkzeugs gesenkt und somit der thermisch bedingte Verschleiß erheblich reduziert werden. In diesem Beitrag wird gezeigt, dass eine kryogene Kühlung den thermisch induzierten Werkzeugverschleiß verringert und damit die Standwege der Werkzeuge verlängert werden können.
Nachhaltigkeitsfokussierte digitale Wertstromanalyse
Authors: Horsthofer-Rauch Julia , Vernim Susanne , Reinhart Gunther
Published: September 2021

Die konventionelle Wertstromanalyse weist Schwächen in Bezug auf Aufwand und Reliabilität auf und wird momentan nur selten durch digitale Werkzeuge unterstützt. Die Digitalisierung der Wertstromanalyse bei gleichzeitiger Integration von Nachhaltigkeitsaspekten kann für produzierende Unternehmen einen Mehrwert schaffen, indem die Wertstromanalyse effizienter und der Informationsgehalt größer wird. Dieser Beitrag stellt ein Konzept für die nachhaltigkeitsfokussierte digitale Wertstromanalyse vor.
Understanding the Impact of Polishing and Environmental Factors on Corrosion Potential—An Optimization by Robust Design
Authors: Huang I.-Wen , Weitzel Ashley , Goodwin Fred , Chang Kuo-Hsiang , Reagan Lisa
Published: September 2021

ASTM G180-13, Standard Test Method for Corrosion Inhibiting Admixtures for Steel in Concrete by Polarization Resistance in Cementitious Slurries (Superseded), testing was used to determine the effectiveness of corrosion inhibiting admixtures. However, inconsistent results have been reported due to the polishing process. Although not standardized, polished metal specimens have been used to remove contaminants or native oxides prior to electrochemical measurements to acquire stabilized electrochemical measurements. Furthermore, the open circuit potential (OCP) delay before electrochemical testing was found to be critical to the consistency of the subsequent experiment. The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of polishing and environmental factors on the OCP value and its variation. The OCP of carbon steel in high pH simulated pore solutions was measured as functions of polishing, time, chloride content, and nitrite concentration. By using a full-factorial experimental design and regression analysis, the effects of the factors were studied on both the mean value and on the standard deviation of corrosion potential. The standard deviation of repeated tests was quantified and ranked to provide guidance on specimen preparation. The regression result showed that polishing does not influence the mean value of the OCP but that the OCP standard deviation heavily depends on the polishing consistency. Based on the experimental data and analysis, a suggestion was provided for specimen preparation to address the observed inconsistency in specimen preparation for ASTM G180-13 testing.
An Ontological Model to Integrate and Assist Virtualization of Automation Systems for Industry 4.0
Authors: Gil Santiago , Zapata-Madrigal Germán D. , Giraldo-Gómez Gloria L.
Published: September 2021

Automation engineering faces some challenges to properly address the development of automation systems and cyber-physical systems (CPSs) according to the concepts and principles of Industry 4.0. Currently, the design of these systems requires multidisciplinary knowledge to achieve integrated solutions, such as models, techniques, and technologies, commonly characterized by their complexity. The representation of CPSs, specifically the cyber-physical production systems, depends on describing dynamics behavior but also on relations, knowledge, and information. This is possible using formal engineering methods with other modeling approaches like ontologies. In this work, a semantic model is proposed to integrate automation systems and their associated components into a formal representation by employing an ontological model. The proposed model, the Automation I4.0 Ontology, is a modular approach that can represent several components of automation systems with an extended feature for the implementation in real environments through software applications and semantic automation networks. The ontology is intended to enable the representation and implementation of distributed service-based automation systems providing interoperability and cognition via ontology-based instances in the code, enabling the same format between applications and ontology files. Two case studies are proposed to show how the Automation I4.0 Ontology is easily integrated with Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture and how it can be used for model- and ontology-based developments of automation systems as a modeling, deployment, or virtualization method, obtaining extended features, such as online semantic reasoning and querying, assisted resource virtualization, and technological convergence with standardization, which currently are not provided by previous approaches.
Hydrotime model to evaluate the effects of a set of priming agents on seed germination of two leek cultivars under water stress
Authors: Romano Alessandro , Bravi Romana
Published: September 2021

Water deficit is one of the main constraints of germination for many cultivated species. Among the techniques used to promote germination, seeds priming has been found to play a key role. In the present study, a set of different priming agents (KCl, KH2PO4, CaCl2
and PEG 8000) was tested on seeds of two leek (Allium ampeloprasum L.) cultivars ("Lungo della riviera" and "Monstrueux de Carentan") to assess the effects on germination performances both in optimal hydration condition (Ψw = 0 MPa) and under water deficit (–0.3
and –0.6 MPa). Germination percentage of "Lungo della riviera" was improved by PEG and KCl at –0.3 MPa and –0.6 MPa, respectively, whereas CaCl2 improved germination of "Monstrueux de Carentan" at –0.6 MPa. Osmopriming was beneficial in terms of germination
rate although to different extent depending on genotype and priming agent. The hydrotime model showed that the effects of priming on germination rate was mostly due to a lowering of the predicted hydrotime constant (θH), whereas median base water potential Ψb
(50) tended to increase following treatments albeit with some exception. In this study, hydrotime model proved to be a useful tool to test the effectiveness of different priming treatments on leek seeds and the intraspecific variability in germination capability and speed under water stress.
Derived CDG for bioassay – a tool for screening people in a radiological emergency
Authors: Reis Arlene Alves dos
Published: September 2021

The decision on initiating clinical treatment for a person who has been internally contaminated by radionuclides is not trivial. NCRP Publication 161 presented an operational quantity named Clinical Decision Guide - CDG to help in this decision. The bases for establishing the CDG values are dose values related to the risks of stochastic and deterministic effects to body tissues. This work shows a computational system -  Derived CDG -  which calculates CDG and derived CDG applied to in vivo and in vitro radiobioassay for several age groups and for several times after intake by inhalation and ingestion. It is a tool to be used to screen people with internal contamination who need medical follow-up. The system enables the users to change parameters used in calculation for different simulated scenarios.
Raising Rajas in Hathayoga and Beyond
Authors: Westoby Ruth
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the concept of rajas in the Hathayoga corpus and compares it with material in Ayurveda and Daoism. Rajas is the red blood of menstruation, female sexual fluid, and one aspect of a gendered binary with bindu or semen. In texts deriving from a male celibate context, rajas occurs within male practitioners without the interaction of a woman. In some paradigms of the yogic body, bindu is drawn upwards and preserved alongside rajas using the technique of vajrolimudra, conferring success (siddhi) and immortality (amrta). Women appear infrequently in Hatha texts, but those who preserve their rajas are said to be yoginis. Rajas in Ayurveda functions in embryology as a vital essence, thus explaining its power in Hathayoga. Daoist materials are more detailed and cohesive than Hatha, and female inner alchemy (Nüdan) describes a practice of voluntary amenorrhea, ‘slaying the crimson dragon’—the halting of menstruation. The Daoist model enables an interpretation of the scant Hatha sources to suggest that yoginis who preserve their rajas potentially halt their periods.
Ontological Transformations in Hindu Tantric Ritualisms of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Armand Fabio
Published: September 2021

Rituals of incorporation (utarnu) of numinous ontologies in Himalayan Tantric ritualisms represent an interesting field for developing a reflection on different phenomenologies of the body. From the physical body of the tantrika (Tantric practitioner), the formal remains of an individual atman-Self, I investigate the experiences that make it a receptacle for a numinous Other. This article is an attempt to identify some distinctive Tantric features in a ritual practice of incorporation (chema puja) among the Newar communities of the Kathmandu Valley. Such incorporations are supported by an essential narrative link which describes the figure of Siva-Mahadeva as the transmitter of knowledge of tantra-mantra, generating a direct esoteric filiation with the ritual practitioner. Through these incorporation processes, the tantrika achieves a perpetual alternation of two morphologically stable manifestations where the two natures, human and divine, merge into a single form, versus a fragmentation where the two distinct natures remain visible under two Gestalts. By proposing a neurocognitive anthropological approach, I will address the notions of Self and Alien in Hindu Tantric rituals of incorporation, where tantrikas' physical bodies become the encounter spaces where the Self merges and dissolves into the 'numinous' Other, in a bistable mode. In this way, I will be able to reconstruct the neural foundations of these endogenous experiences, mainly localized in the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) of the human brain, representing the fundamental core basis of these ritual practices of visualization and merging with a deity in Newar Tantrism and shamanism.
Roots of the Two Sides of Kamakhya
Authors: Rosati Paolo E.
Published: September 2021

The shrine of Kamakhya (Assam) was supposed to be the eminent yogini-pitha. Inside the sanctum of Kamakhya a yoni (vulva) stone is concealed as the main cultic image of the Goddess, which Kaulism identified as the 'mouth of the yoginis'. This article analyses the symbolism related to the Tantric cult of the yoni and its historical evolution through the combined lens of History of Religions and Cognitive Science of Religions. Kamakhya thus emerges as a hyper-blended space, whose origin should be tracked down to the intersection of death symbolism related to the non-Brahmanic cult of Heruka and his retinue of yoginis and the Kaula erotic reformation of the cult of the yoginis. Therefore, the yoginis played a fundamental role in the construction of Kamakhya--as either a caring mother or as a dreadful mother--conveying other blended spaces to the yoni metonymic symbol. Hence, this article aims, through the analysis and interrelation of textual, epigraphic and material evidence, to debate the dialectic between eros and thanatos in order to shed light on the overlap, superimposition and blend of trans- and cross-cultural elements in the multifarious goddess Kamakhya.
Adenosine-regulated mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ventilation disorders in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Dyakova M. E. , Serebryanaya N. B. , Kiryukhina L. D. , Esmedlyaeva D. S. , Yablonskiy P. K.
Published: September 2021

Uncovering involvement of the purinergic system in the pathogenesis of ventilation disorders (VD) may provide additional information about the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to the development of VD in pulmonary tuberculosis (PT). The aim was to identify a relationship between the parameters of adenosine metabolism, inflammatory response and altered ventilation metabolism in PT patients. Materials and methods. Obstructive and mixed PT patients were assigned to subgroups with/without VD for assessing adenosine deaminase activity (ADA-1, 2) in serum, mononuclear cells, neutrophils; ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’-NT); CD26 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4, DPP-4), phagocyte oxidative burst measured by NO generation. Results. PT patients showed decreased ADA-1 and CD26 (DPP-4), but increased ADA-2. Elevated intracellular adenosine concentration was found in mononuclear cells in patients lacking VD, whereas patients with mixed and obstructive VD — had it in neutrophils. Mononuclear cells of patients with PT lacking VD as well as with obstructive VD type had decreased NO3– concentration. Neutrophil hyperactivity was recorded in all groups of PT patients. Patients with PT lacking VD as well as with mixed VD type showed that the parameters of external respiration were associated with activity of extra-/intracellular ADA, whereas obstructive VD was caused by excessive formation of serum adenosine. Changes in respiratory function in PT were associated with decreased level of serum NO radicals, impaired nitrogen-dependent bactericidal phagocyte activity, and overproduced neutrophil oxygen radicals. Conclusion. Purinergic regulation is involved in regulating inflammatory and compensatory processes in PT patients as well as impaired ventilation efficiency. The most severe respiratory disorders observed in PT patients with mixed VD type are associated with the most prominent changes in nucleotidase activity, particularly ecto-ADA-2 and DPP-4/CD26.
Methodology for assessing herd immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Totolian A. A.
Published: September 2021

Serological monitoring of the study of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the context of COVID-19 pandemic is a necessary component in epidemiological surveillance, since population epidemiological wellbeing in a context of COVID-19 is determined by state of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The population herd immunity is the limiting factor in spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Information on the state of population immunity is necessary to make a forecast for development of epidemiological situation, as well as to plan measures for specific and non-specific prevention of COVID-19. In this regard, the study of population immunity during the pandemic is necessary to predict development of the epidemic and identify features of epidemic process in any certain region and in the country in general. In May 2020, the Rospotrebnadzor program “Assessment of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Russian Federation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic” was developed taking into account WHO recommendations in the format of a longitudinal cohort study with age stratification: at the first stage, a cohort of volunteers is formed; at the second and subsequent stages, the cohort of volunteers formed at the first stage is subject to examination; the number of stages depends on the epidemiological situation. In addition to age-related randomization while forming a cohort, at the first stage, the principle of population coverage uniformity was observed, the participation of volunteers from one institution was excluded, and the use of donated blood or patient blood from medical organizations was excluded. The survey was carried out among 7 age groups of healthy children and adults, regardless present or absent previous COVID-19 disease. Due to the fact that the population study is carried out in the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the optimal timing for collecting biomaterial at each stage is no more than 5–7 days. Questioning, selection of volunteers, their registration for blood donation, as well as processing of the results at the first stage, as well as the implementation of the second and subsequent stages of the Program are carried out only by using cloud service technology. This Program and the technology for its implementation have been successfully tested in 26 regions of the Russian Federation during the implementation of four stages from June 2020 to March 2021. Thus, at present, Rospotrebnadzor has developed a methodology and created an effectively working system of serological monitoring to assess level of herd immunity in different regions of the Russian Federation to predict the epidemiological situation, develop recommendations, and plan vaccination.
Molecular genetic and clinical aspects of socially relevant viruses underlying congenital diseases
Authors: Vasilev V. V. , Rogozina N. V. , Grineva A. A.
Published: September 2021

Congenital viral infectious diseases are characterized by polyetiologic pathology holding an important place in the structure of perinatal losses. Due to the wide distribution and lack of specific prophylaxis, the problem of herpesvirus infections is of greatest interest, namely of herpes infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, human herpes simplex virus type 6 and cytomegalovirus infection, as well as parvovirus infection B19. The opportunities to investigate a relation between manifestations of the infectious process and host molecular genetic characteristics have been expanded after developing full genome sequencing methods and creating genetic data international banks. It has been proven that herpes virus genetic variations can account for related neurovirulence, showing that diverse cytomegalovirus genotypes are associated with hepatosplenomegaly, hearing impairment and the symptoms of the central nervous system diseases. Nevertheless, the data on correlation between genotypes and clinical manifestations are still scarce and contradictory, whereas high level of variability becomes extremely evident while comparing genomic sequences of viral strains. The herpesvirus type 6 has been proven to integrate into germ cells with potential for subsequent vertical transmission of chromosomally integrated virus to the offspring and its further intergeneration inheritance. А direct relationship between B19V genospecies and disease manifestations including congenital infections has not yet been identified. Taking into account possible differences in the geographical distribution of such viruses on the territory of the Russian Federation, ethnic populational characteristics, and high frequency of related congenital infectious diseases with a wide range of clinical manifestations, it seems promising to expand scientific research on the genotyping of herpes simplex viruses, cytomegalovirus, herpes viruses type 6 and parvovirus B19V in Russia. The results of such studies will be demanded by practical healthcare in order to develop and use more effective etiotropic drugs and specific prophylaxis in the light of trends to develop personalized and preventive medicine.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Kidney Function and Their Associations with Circulating Proteome, and Incident Kidney Diseases
Authors: Yu Zhi , Jin Jin , Tin Adrienne , Köttgen Anna , Yu Bing , Chen Jingsha , Surapaneni Aditya , Zhou Linda , Ballantyne Christie M. , Hoogeveen Ron C. , Arking Dan E. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Grams Morgan E. , Coresh Josef
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement

Genome-wide association studies have uncovered numerous loci influencing kidney function (eGFR), but the relationship of genetic risk to kidney disease incidence or the circulating proteome is unknown. Large genome-wide association samples and recent methods allowed us to calculate a powerful genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) incorporating information on 1.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms. This PRS was significantly associated with risk of CKD, ESKD, kidney failure, and AKI, and with 132 circulating plasma proteins at both midlife and older age. Contemporary kidney function markers, such as eGFR, mediate most of the associations with the plasma proteome.

Background

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed numerous loci for kidney function (eGFR). The relationship between polygenic predictors of eGFR, risk of incident adverse kidney outcomes, and the plasma proteome is not known.

Methods

We developed a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) for eGFR by applying the LDpred algorithm to summary statistics generated from a multiethnic meta-analysis of CKDGen Consortium GWAS (n=765,348) and UK Biobank GWAS (90% of the cohort; n=451,508), followed by best-parameter selection using the remaining 10% of UK Biobank data (n=45,158). We then tested the association of the PRS in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n=8866) with incident CKD, ESKD, kidney failure, and AKI. We also examined associations between the PRS and 4877 plasma proteins measured at middle age and older adulthood and evaluated mediation of PRS associations by eGFR.

Results

The developed PRS showed a significant association with all outcomes. Hazard ratios per 1 SD lower PRS ranged from 1.06 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11) to 1.33 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.37). The PRS was significantly associated with 132 proteins at both time points. The strongest associations were with cystatin C, collagen α-1(XV) chain, and desmocollin-2. Most proteins were higher at lower kidney function, except for five proteins, including testican-2. Most correlations of the genetic PRS with proteins were mediated by eGFR.

Conclusions

A PRS for eGFR is now sufficiently strong to capture risk for a spectrum of incident kidney diseases and broadly influences the plasma proteome, primarily mediated by eGFR.
Cyberbullying: argumentos, acciones y decisiones de acosadores y víctimas en escuelas secundarias y preparatorias de Colima, México
Authors: Gómez-Nashiki Antonio
Published: September 2021

El artículo de investigación analiza el fenómeno del cyberbullying en seis escuelas secundarias y cuatro preparatorias públicas y privadas. Se realizaron entrevistas con acosadores, víctimas, estudiantes y docentes, además de la recuperación de fotos, imágenes, videos, mensajes escritos y de voz utilizados en los 25 casos en donde se presentó este tipo de acoso. Desde las bases de la teoría del poder, caracterizamos la relación asimétrica que prevalece entre los involucrados, las amenazas y contra amenazas que se registran, así como los distintos recursos que se movilizan (coacción, fuerza y violencia), con la finalidad de lograr la obediencia, lo que genera diversas consecuencias y daños sobre la víctima. Entre los principales hallazgos están los siguientes: a) acosadores: buscan el control total de las acciones de la víctima; la crueldad de algunos actos están relacionados con el poder que el agresor quiere que se le reconozca; un acosador ejerce violencia a más de una víctima; justifican sus acciones como parte de la cultura escolar que se da entre pares; b) víctimas: el miedo paraliza y anula su capacidad de respuesta, no denuncian por temor a sufrir agresiones; padecen un maltrato permanente que se traduce en sufrimiento, deterioro en su identidad y deseos de abandonar la escuela; las mujeres padecen más acoso de tipo sexual; c) los docentes no saben cómo proceder y demandan capacitación para su atención. El cyberbullying se manifiesta de diversas maneras y crece aceleradamente en las escuelas, genera subculturas delictivas que promueven individuos o grupos que legitiman sus acciones como una forma para reafirmar su poder.