bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solver‐free classical computational homogenization for nonlinear periodic heterogeneous media
Authors: Beel Andrew , Fish Jacob
Published: November 2023

Modeling the behavior of composite materials is an important application of computational homogenization methods. Classical computational homogenization (CCH), based on asymptotic analysis, is such a method. In CCH, equilibrium equations are separated into two length scales and solved numerically. Solving the fine‐scale equilibrium equations at every coarse‐scale Gauss point, in every iteration of a Newton–Raphson loop, is often too computationally expensive for real engineering applications. In this study, we propose a modified CCH approach that avoids solving the fine‐scale equilibrium equations. The proposed method, which we call solver‐free CCH, works by pre‐computing a set of eigenstrain influence function tensors based on data from a small number of numerical experiments. Then, during the online stage of the computation, these eigenstrain influence tensors are used in the fine‐scale problem to evaluate and homogenize strains and stresses. This article begins by formulating the solver‐free CCH approach for small‐deformation problems involving composites with nonlinear constituent phase material models, including computation of the eigenstrain influence tensors and their application within the online stage. To verify the proposed approach, we consider loading cases outside the training set used to derive the eigenstrain influence tensors. The combinational efficiency and accuracy of the solver‐free CCH in comparison to the conventional CCH is studied on a multilayer composite plate in three point bending (3pt‐bend) and open hole tension.
Perfectly matched layers for peridynamic scalar waves and the numerical discretization on real coordinate space
Authors: Du Yu , Zhang Jiwei
Published: November 2023

Nonlocal perfectly matched layers (nonlocal PMLs) for nonlocal wave equations and the corresponding numerical discretization to solve the reduced PML problems on bounded domains are studied. The nonlocal PMLs are derived by combining the Laplace transform and the analytical continuation into the complex plane. The discrete scheme defined on the complex space may lead to a spurious imaginary part of the numerical solution and has a large computational cost. Here we design some new nonlocal PMLs and numerical schemes and prove that they are on the real space, which is much efficient comparing with the complex space. The accuracy and effectiveness of our approaches are illustrated by some numerical examples.
An adolescent boy with kleptomania and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder treated with methylphenidate and guanfacine: A case report
Authors: Miyazaki Kensuke , Uchiyama Michiko
Published: November 2023

We present the case of a patient, a boy of 16 years of age at initial presentation, with kleptomania, an impulse disorder characterized by an impulse to steal unneeded items, and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The patient's parents reported that he would frequently impulsively steal items and money that he did not need. Cognitive and physical assessments revealed no abnormalities, and the patient had no history of substance abuse. The patient was diagnosed with kleptomania and ADHD. The patient was started on Osmotic Release Oral System Methylphenidate (OROS‐MPH), a medication commonly used to treat ADHD, and experienced improvement in ADHD symptoms and stealing behavior. At 19 years of age, it was discovered that the patient's behavioral symptoms were uncontrolled during times of the day when the blood concentration of MPH was likely to have waned. After starting an additional dose of guanfacine at night, his symptoms during these times of day improved. While existing research is not definitive, there may be a connection between ADHD and kleptomania. Further, there are some reports that treatment of ADHD with MPH also reduced stealing behavior, aligning with our present findings. We discuss the potential mechanisms behind these improvements and further present the first evidence of the efficacy of guanfacine in the treatment of kleptomania.
Use and continuity of weight‐modifying medications among adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity: US population study
Authors: Galindo Rodolfo J. , Uppal Tegveer S. , McCoy Rozalina G. , Umpierrez Guillermo E. , Ali Mohammed K.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Trends in use and continuity of use of diabetes‐specific and non‐diabetes weight‐reducing (WR), weight‐inducing (WI), and weight‐neutral (WN) medications were examined among US adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity.

Methods

Serial cross‐sectional data from Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (2010–2019) for adults (≥18 years) with diabetes and BMI ≥27 kg/m2 (≥25 kg/m2 for Asians) were analyzed.

Results

Among 7402 US adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity (mean age 60.0 years [SD 13], 50% female), 64.9% of participants used any WI medications, decreasing from 68.9% (95% CI: 64.3%–73.5%) in 2010 to 58.6% (95% CI: 54.7%–62.5%) in 2019. It was estimated that 13.5% used WR medications, increasing 3.31‐fold, from 6.4% (95% CI: 4.1%–8.7%) to 21.2% (95% CI: 18.0%–24.4%) and that 73.1% used WN medications, ranging from 70.5% (95% CI: 66.5–74.6) to 75.0% (95% CI: 71.7%–78.4%). Among adults using diabetes‐specific WI (53.7%), WR (7.1%), and WN (62.4%) medications during the first year, 7.3%, 16.4%, and 9.0% discontinued it in the second year, respectively.

Conclusions

Over 2010–2019, 64.9% of adults with diabetes and overweight/obesity were treated with WI medications, 13.5% with WR medications, and 73.1% with WN medications. Discontinuation of WR medications was nearly twice that of WI medications.
Large‐eddy simulation of a channel flow over an irregular porous matrix
Authors: Sadowski Wojciech , Sayyari Mohammed , Mare Francesca di
Published: November 2023

For turbulent flows in porous media, it is often assumed that the irregularity of the matrix would not affect the macroscopic, double‐averaged (in time and space), parameters of turbulence. Hence, to improve currently used modelling techniques, the ongoing efforts of the community are focused on performing high‐fidelity, scale‐resolving simulations of flows in regular, periodically repeating porous structures. This approach allows for minimizing still large computational cost, however, it assumes that results obtained from those geometries are generalizable to more disordered configurations. We investigate this assumption numerically using large‐eddy simulation and analyse the influence of the irregularity of the porous structure on turbulent characteristics in a fully turbulent flow in a channel half‐filled with porous medium. The flow statistics are examined and compared between four simulations, a reference channel with regular three‐dimensional porous matrix consisting of an array of cubes and three similar geometries created from randomly perturbing the positions of the cubes, with increasing mean value of cube displacement. We study double‐averaged flow properties, the distributions of double‐averaged Reynolds stress tensor, including the anisotropy of macroscopic turbulence and the drag force induced by the flow in the porous region of the channel. The results confirm the idea that the averaged characteristics, including the anisotropy of the stress tensor and the drag force, are not greatly influenced by the moderate perturbation to the geometry of the porous matrix. Additionally, the macroscopic turbulence seems to exhibit a high degree of anisotropy in the porous region and the adjacent boundary layer, suggesting that second‐order closure could be an adequate modelling choice for such flows.
Laponite/magnetite nanoparticles including waterborne latexes and effect of conditions for stable composite latexes
Authors: Kartaloğlu Nurullah , Delibaş Ali
Published: November 2023

Recent studies have emphasized that the inclusion of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the polymer structure with the mini‐emulsion technique is the most ideal technique in terms of controlling their physical (size, shape, etc.) and chemical (surface chemistry, etc.) properties. In this study, MNPs were modified with clay (laponite) and made compatible with polymers. Then, clay‐modified MNPs (laponite/magnetite, LAM) were incorporated into acrylic polymers by semibatch mini‐emulsion polymerization in an oil phase containing monomer, initiator, and hydrophobic substance. The contribution of clay content to the functionality of MNPs and the properties of polymer nanoparticles containing LAM were investigated. The structures of the synthesized nanoparticles and polymeric materials were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses. The morphology of the latexes was clarified by atomic force microscope (AFM) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses, and the atomic percentage values were determined by FESEM‐EDAX detector analysis. Thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and strength endurance was determined by a tensile test. The results showed that LAM could be successfully incorporated into the polymer structure without precipitation by mini‐emulsion polymerization, and this technique is suitable for the preparation of nanocapsules. Moreover, it was determined that MNPs increased particle sizes and viscosity of the latexes. Also, increase in surface roughness with enhanced nanoparticle concentration was observed from the AFM images. The composite latex with 2% LAM showed the greatest increase in mechanical characteristics.

Highlights

LAM nanoparticle Synthesis was carried out.

Stable nanocomposite of LAM nanoparticle in latexes was achieved via mini‐emulsion polymerization.

LAM successfully incorporated to the acrylic latexes without precipitation.

Properties of the acrylic latexes were improved by incorporation of LAM.
Spirometry in the diagnosis of cough variant asthma in children
Authors: Tian Chunyu , Xiong Shiqiu , Li Shuo , Song Xin , Zhang Yantao , Jiang Xinmei , Hou Xinyue , Zhang Yifan , Liu Chuanhe
Published: November 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of spirometry, particularly focusing on small airway parameters, in children with cough variant asthma (CVA).

Methods

This study included children aged 5–12 years with a diagnosis of CVA. Pre‐ and postbronchodilation spirometry parameters, including FEV1%pred, FVC%pred, FEV1/FVC%pred, PEF%pred, FEF25%pred, FEF50%pred, FEF75%pred, MMEF%pred, were recorded. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the discriminatory potential of these spirometry parameters for CVA. A prediction model based on logistic regression (LR) was performed.

Results

A total of 200 patients with CVA and 73 control subjects were included. Baseline spirometry parameters in the CVA group, except for FVC%pred, were significantly lower compared to the control group. After inhalation of salbutamol sulfate, all parameters showed significant improvement in the CVA group. However, these parameters, except for FEV1%pred and FVC%pred, remained lower in the CVA group compared to the control group. The improvement rate of each parameter in the CVA group, except for ∆FVC%, was significantly higher than that in the control group. △MMEF% achieved the highest AUC of 0.797 with a threshold value of 16.09%, followed by △FEF75% (0.792), △FEV1% (0.756), and △FEF50% (0.747) with threshold values of 19.01%, 4.48%, and 19.4%, respectively. The clinical prediction model included four variables (age, △FEF25%, △FEF75%, and △MMEF%) and demonstrated excellent performance distinguishing patients with and without CVA (AUC = 0.850). In the CVA group, the △FEV1% showed a positive correlation with small airway parameters.

Conclusions

This study highlights that children with CVA exhibit lower pulmonary function parameters compared to healthy children. Changes in small airway parameters during bronchodilator tests can be valuable in diagnosing CVA, and the LR prediction model incorporating age and several pulmonary parameters can assist physicians in accurately identifying CVA in clinical practice.
AdS Black Hole Thermodynamics and Microstructures from f(Q)$f(Q)$ Gravitation
Authors: Sokoliuk Oleksii , Pradhan Sneha , Baransky Alexander , Sahoo Pradyumn Kumar
Published: November 2023

The significant properties and phase transition of charged Anti‐de Sitter (AdS) black holes have been extensively studied in a variety of modified theories of gravity in the presence of numerous matter fields. The goal of the current research is to investigate the AdS black hole's thermodynamics under the impact of gravity. Additionally, this paper explores the black hole's local stability and phase structure under the relevant gravity. Besides, Ruppeiner geometry is used to look into the AdS black hole's microscopic structure. The Ricci curvature scalar R to explain the interactions between the AdS black hole's microscopic particles under the influence of gravity have been numerically computed.
Adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear systems with time‐varying parameter uncertainties
Authors: Chu Lei , Liu Yungang
Published: November 2023

The paper considers adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear systems with time‐varying parameter uncertainties. The time‐varying uncertainties do not need to be differentiable, but their variation amplitudes are required to be known. Such uncertainties appear not only in the system nonlinearities but also as the control coefficient. We pursue a tight design scheme by combining tuning functions and the congelation of variables method, thereby avoiding the overuse of dominations and obtaining a less conservative controller. In view of the essence of the control problem, we don't design a continuous controller first and then search for a complex and suitable event‐triggering mechanism, as emulation methods done in the literature. In contrast, we adopt a simple event‐triggering mechanism with the relative threshold, while seeking a complex and appropriate adaptive controller which contains the new adaptive treatment for execution error due to the unknown time‐varying control coefficient. Note that there are three parameter dynamic compensators in the adaptive controller, and one is specialized to the execution error, which is not required in the continuous feedback context. It is shown that with the proposed adaptive event‐triggered controller, all the closed‐loop signals are bounded, the system state converges to zero, and no Zeno behavior occurs. A comparative simulation is provided to verify the theoretical results.
Large constellations for fast acquisition and delivery of information: Design and analysis by stereographic projection onto the equatorial plane
Authors: Carletta Stefano , Pontani Mauro , Teofilatto Paolo
Published: November 2023

Recent space projects are designed by satellite constellations with a large number of spacecraft, a global character (i.e., from equatorial to high inclination orbits), and the possibility to transfer information to different satellites of the constellation (inter satellite link) in order to deliver the information to the ground as soon as possible. To cope with a large number of parameters, a fast tool for constellation design, performance evaluation and networking strategies is needed. The aim of this paper is to obtain the performance of any constellation in less than 1 s, even when the number of satellites in the constellation and the duration of the analysis is large (e.g., more than 200 satellites in a period of some days). The proposed algorithm is based on analytical formulae obtained by using the stereographic projection on the equatorial plane of the satellite orbits and the projection of the target and ground station orbits. It is believed that the two‐dimensional projection proposed here can offer some advantages with respect to the spatial analysis of satellite orbits and their ground tracks, such as the reduction in time required to calculate station/satellite and satellite/satellite encounter conditions, and the clear and simple representation of the motion of the satellite of the constellation and of the ground stations of interest.
Testing latent classes in gut microbiome data using generalized Poisson regression models
Authors: Qiao Xinhui , He Hua , Sun Liuquan , Bai Shuo , Ye Peng
Published: November 2023

Human microbiome research has gained increasing importance due to its critical roles in comprehending human health and disease. Within the realm of microbiome research, the data generated often involves operational taxonomic unit counts, which can frequently present challenges such as over‐dispersion and zero‐inflation. To address dispersion‐related concerns, the generalized Poisson model offers a flexible solution, effectively handling data characterized by over‐dispersion, equi‐dispersion, and under‐dispersion. Furthermore, the realm of zero‐inflated generalized Poisson models provides a strategic avenue to simultaneously tackle both over‐dispersion and zero‐inflation. The phenomenon of zero‐inflation frequently stems from the heterogeneous nature of study populations. It emerges when specific microbial taxa fail to thrive in the microbial community of certain subjects, consequently resulting in a consistent count of zeros for these individuals. This subset of subjects represents a latent class, where their zeros originate from the genuine absence of the microbial taxa. In this paper, we introduce a novel testing methodology designed to uncover such latent classes within generalized Poisson regression models. We establish a closed‐form test statistic and deduce its asymptotic distribution based on estimating equations. To assess its efficacy, we conduct an extensive array of simulation studies, and further apply the test to detect latent classes in human gut microbiome data from the Bogalusa Heart Study.
Effect of Zn Doping on Structure and Electrical Properties in Co3O4/Zn Nanocomposites with Different Morphology
Authors: Koroleva Alexandra V. , Ilin Alexander S. , Smirnova Valeriya V. , Martyshov Mikhail N. , Platonov Vadim B. , Rumyantseva Marina N. , Forsh Pavel A. , Kashkarov Pavel K.
Published: November 2023

Two different comparatively simple methods were used to synthesize Co3O4/Zn nanocomposites in the form of nanoparticles and nanofibers with a Zn content of 0 to 33 mol%. It is shown that composites in the form of nanoparticles are a ZnxCo3‐xO4 solid solution having a spinel structure. Samples in the form of nanofibers, starting with a concentration of zinc atoms of 20 mol% and higher, in addition to the spinel structure, also contain crystalline zinc oxide ZnO. It has been established that the conductivity of composites of both types increases by 4–5 orders of magnitude upon the introduction of Zn atoms. The increase in conductivity is explained by the incorporation of zinc atoms into the crystal lattice of cobalt oxide spinel. The optimal content of zinc atoms, at which the samples have the highest conductivity, has been determined. The ability to control the conductivity of cobalt oxide Co3O4 both in the form of nanoparticles and in the form of nanofibers by introducing Zn atoms has been demonstrated. The results obtained make it possible to understand the features of electric transport in such low‐dimensional systems, and are also of interest for various practical applications, in particular, gas sensors and catalytically active materials.
Enhancement of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light
Authors: Kishore Kumar Dora Easam Ram , K S Rajmohan
Published: November 2023

In the current work, the g‐C3N4 photocatalyst was produced by thermal polycondensation of melamine. The Characterization techniques XRD, SEM, FTIR, UV‐DRS, PL, and BET were investigated to find out inherent properties. The PL spectra of the g‐C3N4 photocatalyst showed good absorbance in visible regions for faster degradation of Rhodamine B (RhdB). The synthesized g‐C3N4 photocatalyst is employed for decolorization and demineralization of RhdB about 73 % and 80 % in 105 min and 480 min under visible light. Further, the addition of H2O2 and H2SO4 to RhdB solution in the presence of g‐C3N4 showed enhanced results when compared to g‐C3N4 alone. Moreover, it reduces the time for the removal of RhdB. Simultaneously impeding shift of the maximum absorption peak of RhdB represents alteration of the degradation mechanism. Under alike conditions of photodegradation, after the addition of H2O2 and H2SO4 to the dye solution. The removal of RhdB is enhanced to 98 % and 95 % in 40 min, and 60 min for 5 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively for H2O2. Further, the addition of H2SO4 enhances efficiency up to 87 %, and 95 % in 50 min, and 80 min respectively for 5 mg/l and 10 mg/l. The overall H2O2 addition showed better efficiency and better rate constants.
New Flavone Derivatives Targeting BET Proteins in Cancer: Synthesis, Structure Analysis and Investigation of Bromodomain Inhibitory Activities**
Authors: Gultekin Isilay , Ozkan Erva , Bakar‐Ates Filiz , Bozdag‐Dundar Oya
Published: November 2023

Bromodomains (BRDs) are key transcriptional regulators that control expression of genes. Dysfunction of BRDs has been associated with the development of aggressive tumors. BRDs have emerged as attractive candidates for the development of inhibitors targeting gene transcription. Flavones can act as a potent anticancer agent. In this paper, a series of ten new flavonylquinazoline sulfonamide compounds (FQ1‐FQ10) was synthesized and their cytotoxicity was investigated in human A549 lung carcinoma, MCF‐7 breast carcinoma ve K562 myeloid leukemia cell lines. The most cytotoxic compounds FQ1 and FQ6 were tested for their bromodomain containing 2 protein (BRD2), bromodomain containing 3 protein (BRD3) and bromodomain containing 4 protein (BRD4) inhibitor activities. The results showed that new FQ1 and FQ6 flavone compounds exhibited BRD2, BRD3 inhibitor activity. We suggest that flavonylquinazoline sulfonamide compounds have the potential to inhibit bromodomain activity, thus may be pharmacologically of interest for further investigations.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Mononuclear Nickel (II) Complex: Its Dual Electrocatalytic Performance towards Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Hydrazine Oxidation
Authors: Barma Arpita , Sarkar Abhimanyu , Roy Suparna , Show Bibhutibhushan , Roy Partha
Published: November 2023

There is high demand of clean and sustainable energy where hydrogen can be an alternative instead of fossil fuel. We report here synthesis, characterization and applications of a mononuclear Ni(II) complex, [Ni(L)2] (1), with a salen type ligand, 2,2′‐((1E,1′E)‐(propane‐1,2‐diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(4‐bromophenol) (H2L). It has been obtained by a mild reaction with high yield. It has been characterized by the standard analytical techniques. Complex 1 has been used as an electrocatalyst in hydrogen evolution reaction where acetic acid is used as a proton source in DMF with a TOF value of 182.11 s−1. Various control experiments and results suggest the relevance of Complex 1 as the efficient electrocatalyst in the hydrogen generation from acetic acid. The metal complex has been deposited on a glassy carbon electrode and used efficiently in electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine.
Single‐Step Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies and In Vitro Analysis of Norethindrone Conjugates
Authors: Srivastava Sangeeta , Kumar Anant , Pandey Saumya , Parveen Shama , Banerjee Monisha
Published: November 2023

In the present work (17‐ethynyl‐13‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17‐tetradecahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a]phenanthren‐17‐yl‐ethyl‐7‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,8‐naphthyridine‐3‐carboxylate)and (17‐ethynyl‐13‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17‐tetradecahydro‐1H‐cyclopenta[a]phenanthren‐17‐yl 2‐(4‐chlorophenoxy) acetate), anovel prodrugs of norethindrone have been synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compounds were characterized with the help of 1H, 13C NMR, UV, and IR spectroscopy.Norethindrone is used for contraception or hormone‐related conditions such as endometriosis and menopausal symptoms and to treat bacterial infections in a variety of pharmaceutical formulations. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized compounds explained the most probable interaction pattern with cyclooxygenase‐2 (1CX2),human estrogen receptor (2OCF) and RSK‐4N‐terminal kinase(6G77). Compound 2 & 3 possessedanti‐inflammatoryand cytotoxic activity besides contraceptive. Both thesynthesized compounds were found to be more potent than norethindrone as revealed from the binding energy and in‐vitro cytotoxic activity against lung cancer cells. Anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activity for norethindrone is reported for the first time.
Watching (De)Intercalation of 2D Metals in Epitaxial Graphene: Insight into the Role of Defects
Authors: Niefind Falk , Mao Qian , Nayir Nadire , Kowalik Malgorzata , Ahn Jung‐Joon , Winchester Andrew J. , Dong Chengye , Maniyara Rinu A. , Robinson Joshua A. , van Duin Adri C. T. , Pookpanratana Sujitra
Published: November 2023

Intercalation forms heterostructures, and over 25 elements and compounds are intercalated into graphene, but the mechanism for this process is not well understood. Here, the de‐intercalation of 2D Ag and Ga metals sandwiched between bilayer graphene and SiC are followed using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) and atomistic‐scale reactive molecular dynamics simulations. By PEEM, de‐intercalation “windows” (or defects) are observed in both systems, but the processes follow distinctly different dynamics. Reversible de‐ and re‐intercalation of Ag is observed through a circular defect where the intercalation velocity front is 0.5 nm s−1 ± 0.2 nm s.−1 In contrast, the de‐intercalation of Ga is irreversible with faster kinetics that are influenced by the non‐circular shape of the defect. Molecular dynamics simulations support these pronounced differences and complexities between the two Ag and Ga systems. In the de‐intercalating Ga model, Ga atoms first pile up between graphene layers until ultimately moving to the graphene surface. The simulations, supported by density functional theory, indicate that the Ga atoms exhibit larger binding strength to graphene, which agrees with the faster and irreversible diffusion kinetics observed. Thus, both the thermophysical properties of the metal intercalant and its interaction with defective graphene play a key role in intercalation.
Sequentially‐Activated Antibodies Based on Programmable DNA Tags for Rapid Multiplexed Protein Imaging
Authors: Lv Yuheng , Fu Qin , Xu Yi , Shi Peng
Published: November 2023

The achievement of rapid multiplexed protein imaging is limited by the use of stimulating reagents, extensive incubating and washing steps, and the low fluorescence intensity of targets. In this study, sequentially‐activated DNA tags are developed and combined them with primary antibodies using signal enhancement strategies to create sequentially‐activated antibodies (SAAs). These SAAs enable rapid, wash‐free sequential imaging of different protein targets. The samples are pre‐processed to label all targets of interest with SAAs simultaneously, and the signal is turned ON for only one target in each stage. The sequential imaging of multiple targets is achieved through wash‐free strand displacement reactions that exhibit rapid kinetics with t1/2 < 10 s in a cellular context. Remarkably, this method successfully demonstrates sequential imaging of nine different protein targets within just a few minutes. This all‐in‐one platform for multiplexed protein imaging holds great promise for diverse applications in immunofluorescence imaging.
Quantifying Nonradiative Recombination and Resistive Losses in Perovskite Photovoltaics: A Modified Diode Model Approach
Authors: Lin Minshen , Xu Xuehui , Tian Hong , Yang Yang (Michael) , Sha Wei E. I. , Zhong Wenxing
Published: November 2023

Pinpointing the origin of inefficiency can expedite the process of optimizing the efficiency of perovskite photovoltaics. However, it is challenging to discern and quantify the different loss pathways in a complete perovskite photovoltaic device under operational conditions. To address this challenge, a modified diode (MD) model is proposed that can quantify bulk/interface defect‐assisted recombination and series/shunt resistive losses. By adopting drift‐diffusion simulation as the benchmark, the physical meanings of the MD model parameters are explored and the performance of the model for simulation parameters spanning many orders of magnitude is evaluated. The evaluation shows that in most practical cases, the proposed model can accurately quantify all the aforementioned losses, and in some special cases, it is possible to identify the predominant loss pathway. Moreover, the MD model is applied to lab‐produced devices (based on Cs0.05FA0.95PbI3 perovskites), demonstrating its effectiveness in quantifying entangled losses in practice. Finally, a set of guidelines for applying the MD model and interpreting the results is provided.
Functional 1,3‐DTu Additive in Perovskite Layer for Stable Triple‐Cation Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Exceeding 23%
Authors: Tian Xingyuan , Zhang Song , Shen Zhitao , Zhang Bin , Hong Yaqi , Liu Rong , Liu Ying , Cao Ruirui , Song Jian , Li Huilin , Li Fumin , Chen Chong
Published: November 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated immense potential for commercial applications. However, among the factors hindering further improvements in their performance, defects in the perovskite layers during the solution preparation process remain the primary culprit. Here, for the first time, 1,3‐dimethylthiourea (1,3‐DTu) into triple‐cation perovskite layer is introduced, taking advantage of the strong interaction between C=S in 1,3‐DTu and Pb in perovskite to significantly improve the quality of the perovskite thin films. This leads to a notable reduction in defects, suppression of nonradiative recombination, and enhancement of the optoelectronic properties of the films. The outcome proves highly positive, with the optimal PSC demonstrating an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 23%, which is remarkably higher than the control one that yields ≈21%. Additionally, the optimized device exhibits excellent stability, maintaining over 90% and 83% of its initial PCE after 1200 h aging in air with a ≈30% relative humidity at room temperature and after 1700 h of heating at a constant temperature of 85 °C in N2, respectively, much better than the control one without the incorporation of 1,3‐DTu.
Effect of Cr2O3 Addition on Sintering Behavior of Novel Chromite‐Based Ladle Filler Sand
Authors: Li Shi-Sen , Kong Ling-Zhong , Zang Xi-Min
Published: November 2023

Developing novel filler sands has garnered significant interest in improving the ladle's free‐opening rate and enhancing the cleanliness of high‐Mn and high‐Al steel. Laboratory studies explore the effect of adding Cr2O3 powder on the sintering behavior of chromite‐based filler sands. Furthermore, interfacial phenomena are examined between the sands and the steel grades, varying in Mn contents. The results demonstrate that adding Cr2O3 power plays a role in inhibiting the liquid phase formation in the sand. With a 16% addition, the steel (Mn mass% = 30) reacts with the sand, leading to the shape of a spinel phase, specifically (Mn, Fe, Mg)O·(Al, Cr)2O3, which facilitates the separation of the liquid phase. The reduction of FeO to Fe by Mn, Al, and C in steel, especially Al, is hindered by adding Cr2O3, resulting in a suitable sintering degree that ultimately benefits ladle free‐opening. SiO2 is crucial for forming the liquid phase during the sintering process. The SiO2 content of the sand should be about 20% to achieve optimal sintering effects. Chromite sand for casting is not suitable for the steels. The mixed sand presented in the current study demonstrates potential as a suitable filler sand for the steel (20 ≤ Mn mass% ≤ 30).
Call for solutions to veterinary medicines supply issues in Northern Ireland
Authors: Judson Anna
Published: November 2023

Anna Judson called for a resolution to the issue of access to veterinary medicines in Northern Ireland during her first major speech as the new BVA President at our annual Northern Ireland dinner.
An early passion for poultry meant there never was any other veterinary career
Authors: Kodilinye‐Sims Henrietta
Published: November 2023

After graduating, Henrietta Kodilinye‐Sims spent some time in companion animal practice but soon took up a poultry internship. Now she runs several poultry practices as well as doing commercial poultry work.
An accurate and parameter‐free analysis for the converse Poynting effect in large constrained torsion of highly elastic soft tubes
Authors: Tan Long‐Xu , Kang Jia , Liu Quan‐Pu , Wang Si‐Yu , Bruhns Otto , Xiao Heng
Published: November 2023

New exact solutions to large constrained torsion of highly elastic soft tubes are obtained from a new hyper‐elastic constitutive model. This new model is established with a new form of the multiaxial elastic potential toward simultaneously matching multiple data sets for three benchmark modes, including the uniaxial extension of a bar, the equi‐biaxial extension of a thin plate and the plane‐strain extension of a plate strip. With the new model, exact closed‐form solutions to the stress responses for these benchmark modes are first derived and shown to be of decoupled nature, and, then, an accurate analysis for the converse Poynting effect of twisted highly elastic tubes with fixed ends is presented with a new technique in treating nonlinear coupling complexities. The main novelties are incorporated as follows. First, multiple data sets for three benchmark modes can be accurately and automatically matched with no need to identify any unknown parameters; next, the nonlinear coupled system of the governing equations for four variables in a twisted tube, including the averaged radius and the wall‐thickness as well as the axial constrained stress and the shear stress, can be reduced to treating a single nonlinear equation; and, accordingly, the nonlinear coupling complexities can be worked out and exact results are obtainable.
Wigner Equations for Phonons Transport and Quantum Heat Flux
Authors: Camiola V. D. , Romano V. , Vitanza G.
Published: November 2023

Starting from the quantum Liouville equation for the density operator and applying the Weyl quantization, Wigner equations for the acoustic, optical and Z phonons are deduced. The equations are valid for any solid, including 2D crystals like graphene. With the use of Moyal’s calculus and its properties, the pseudo-differential operators are expanded up to the second order in $$\hbar $$
ħ
. An energy transport model is obtained by using the moment method with closure relations based on a quantum version of the Maximum Entropy Principle by employing a relaxation time approximation for the production terms of energy and energy flux. An explicit form of the thermal conductivity with quantum correction up to $$\hbar ^2$$

ħ
2

order is obtained under a long-time scaling for the most relevant phonon branches.
Reducing thickness of long-distance aerial display system in AIRR using Fresnel lens
Authors: Sakane Shinya , Suyama Shiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu
Published: November 2023

Aerial displays for providing road information require long-distance image formation and a compact installation space. This paper proposes a compact optical system for forming long-distance floating images by introducing a Fresnel lens in an aerial imaging by retro-reflection (AIRR) optical system. In the conventional AIRR optics, since the aerial image position is the plane-symmetrical position of the light source with respect to the beam splitter, the installation space for forming a long-distance aerial image becomes huge. Our proposed method uses the virtual image formed by a Fresnel lens as the light source in an AIRR optical system. This leads to a much longer distance from the beam splitter to the aerial image than the distance from the beam splitter to the light source. We developed a prototype long-distance floating aerial display system using a large-scale Fresnel lens. As a result, the distance from the LED panel to the beam splitter was halved. Furthermore, we used two beam splitters to form two aerial images by using a single LED panel. Long-distance floating images could be formed 3.4 m and 4.6 m away from the beam splitters and could be seen with the naked eye.
Use case modeling in a research setting of developing an innovative pilgrimage support system
Authors: Vranić Valentino , Lang Ján , Nores Martín López , Arias José Juan Pazos , Solano Jaime , Laseca Guillermo
Published: November 2023

With so much confusion around use case modeling, software developers may be reluctant to apply it. However, use cases are easy to apply and have great benefits even in research settings with nonprofessional software developers involved. We report on our experience on this within an innovative tourist information system developed in a research setting of an ongoing Horizon 2020 project named Promotion of Rural Museums and Heritage Sites in the Vicinity of European Pilgrimage Routes (rurAllure). The resulting use case model comprises forty use cases supported by class diagrams, use case diagrams, sequence diagrams, as well as by the domain model and dictionary. Three quarters of use cases have been implemented at least to some extent. Writing use cases provoked intense communication, which helped consolidate the system architecture. The use cases helped validate and better understand the GUI form wireframes designed beforehand and get quickly to a consistent implementation of the system that can be experimented with further in different ways. Finally, the forthcoming extensive system and user experience testing will be guided by the use case model. The paper also exposes the domain model and dictionary along with selected use cases and the hierarchy of user and system actors, which may be useful as such or as a stimulus for the development of other innovative tourist information systems.
Financial development and environmental quality in developed countries: a systematic literature review
Authors: Wijethunga Ambepitiya Wijethunga Gamage Champa , Rahman Mohammad Mafizur , Sarker Tapan
Published: November 2023

Studying the effect of financial development on environmental quality has become imperative in the modern world due to the climate change challenges. Hence, this systematic literature review provides a comprehensive overview of the existing body of knowledge on the nexus of financial development and environmental quality in developed countries. Three databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to search the relevant articles in this domain. Finally, 20 journal articles qualified for the systematic literature review based on the pre-defined article inclusion criteria as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework. We found that a range of econometric approaches were used in all examined papers, employing a diverse range of proxy variables to model the relationship between financial development and environmental quality. Overall, the findings of the examined papers imply mixed evidence of this nexus in developed countries. We highlight the knowledge gap in this research domain examining the financial development and environmental quality link from different proxies.
Metal and metalloid concentrations in wild mammals from SW Europe: European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) and badger (Meles meles)
Authors: García-Muñoz Javier , Cacciola Nunzio Antonio , Plazzi Federico , Prado Míguez-Santiyán María , Rodríguez Francisco Soler , López-Beceiro Ana , Fidalgo Luis Eusebio , Martínez-Morcillo Salomé , Pérez-López Marcos
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there have been increasing ecological and global concerns associated to Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs). Thus, the relevance of wild mammals as biomonitors has been globally recognised. In the present study, Cd, Pb, Hg, Zn and As concentrations were quantified in European hedgehog and badger inhabiting SW Europe, and cumulative trends in relation to age and sex were evaluated. Liver and kidney samples were collected, mineralised and PTE content was determined by ICP-MS. Zn was the most abundant element quantified in both organs (239 and 89.8 mg kg-1 for hedgehogs and 179 and 164 mg kg-1 dw for badgers). In hedgehogs, very high Hg concentration were quantified (4.35 and 15.5 mg kg-1 dw in liver and kidney), and Cd was the most abundant for badgers (4.70 and 7.61 mg kg-1 dw in liver and kidney). Positive correlations were observed for the concentrations of PTE in the organs of both species. Age-dependence increased only Cd concentration, with levels in adult kidneys being significantly higher. In this study, European hedgehog and badger were used as biomonitors for the determination of PTEs to provide current reference values in relatively non-polluted areas of SW Europe, and to enhance the use of these species for future ecotoxicological studies.

Graphical Abstract
Soft Drinks as a Dietary Source of Fluoride Exposure
Authors: Alejandro-Vega Samuel , Hardisson Arturo , Rubio Carmen , Gutiérrez Ángel J. , Jaudenes-Marrero Juan R. , Paz-Montelongo Soraya
Published: November 2023

High fluoride exposures can lead to adverse effects such as dental and bone fluorosis, as well as endocrine and cognitive developmental problems. Water is the main dietary source of this ion, although significant concentrations have also been detected in other beverages widely consumed by the population such as soft drinks. A total of 200 soft drink samples (60 flavoured, 70 extracts, 60 fruit juice and 10 soft drinks) were analysed by fluoride ion selective potentiometry. A consumption of 330 mL was estimated for exposure assessment and subsequent F-risk assessment by soft drink consumption. The highest average concentration was found in extract soft drinks (2.45 ± 1.15 mg/L), followed by flavoured (1.71 ± 2.29 mg/L) and carbonated soft drinks (1.38 ± 0.40 mg/L), while the lowest was found in fruit juice soft drinks (1.09 ± 0.62 mg/L). The flavours with the highest concentration were tea-melon and tea-passion fruit with 3.66 ± 0.40 and 3.17 ± 0.56 mg/L respectively and the lowest was lemon flavour with 0.69 mg/L. The contribution of these beverages, considering the UL (Upper level) reference values set by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) are between 3.28–41.78%, depending on age group and sex.
Molecular Characterization of Neurogranin (NRGN) Gene from Red‑Bellied Pacu (Piaractus brachypomus)
Authors: Rueda-García Valentina , Rondón-Barragán Iang Schroniltgen
Published: November 2023

Neurogranin (NRGN) is a small brain protein expressed in various telencephalic areas and plays an essential role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the availability of calmodulin (CaM). The study aims to characterize the neurogranin gene in Colombian native fish, red-bellied pacu, Piaractus brachypomus, its basal tissue expression and differential expression in brain injury and sublethal toxicity by organophosphates. NRGN gene contains an open reading frame of 183 nucleotides encoding for 60 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed an IQ motif necessary in the interaction with CaM. NRGN mRNA was detected in tissues with higher expression in brain, gills, and head kidney. In brain regions, NRGN showed high expression in the telencephalon (TE) and olfactory bulb (OB). In the sublethal toxicity experiment, NRGN mRNA was upregulated in individuals under organophosphate exposure in the OB and optic chiasm (OC). In brain injury experiment, NRGN showed upregulation at 14 days in OC and at 24 h and 7 days in TE. These findings demonstrate the differential expression of NRGN under different experimental conditions which make it a candidate for a biomarker in the brain of P. brachypomus.
Sigma-1 Receptor Inhibition Reduces Mechanical Allodynia and Modulate Neuroinflammation in Chronic Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Denaro Simona , Pasquinucci Lorella , Turnaturi Rita , Alberghina Cristiana , Longhitano Lucia , Giallongo Sebastiano , Costanzo Giuliana , Spoto Salvatore , Grasso Margherita , Zappalà Agata , Li Volti Giovanni , Tibullo Daniele , Vicario Nunzio , Parenti Rosalba , Parenti Carmela
Published: November 2023

Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating forms of chronic pain, resulting from an injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system, which induces abnormal painful sensations including allodynia and hyperalgesia. Available treatments are limited by severe side-effects and reduced efficacy in the chronic phase of the disease. Sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) has been identified as a chaperone protein, which modulate opioid receptors activities and the functioning of several ion channels, exerting a role in pain transmission. As such, it represents a druggable target to treat neuropathic pain. This study aims at investigating the therapeutic potential of the novel compound (+)-2R/S-LP2, a σ1R antagonist, in reducing painful behaviour and modulating the neuroinflammatory environment. We showed that repeated administration of the compound significantly inhibited mechanical allodynia in neuropathic rats, increasing the withdrawal threshold as compared to CCI-vehicle rats. Moreover, we found that (+)-2R/S-LP2-mediated effects resolve the neuroinflammatory microenvironment by reducing central gliosis and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression levels. This effect was coupled with a significant reduction of connexin 43 (Cx43) expression levels and gap junctions/hemichannels mediated microglia-to-astrocyte communication. These results suggest that inhibition of σ1R significantly attenuates neuropathic pain chronicization, thus representing a viable effective strategy.
Subsidy Entrepreneurship and a Culture of Rent-Seeking in Singapore’s Developmental State
Authors: Cheang Bryan
Published: November 2023

Developmental state scholars argue that through “embedded autonomy”, state activism can steer society towards positive outcomes without capture by private interests. This paper questions this claim through a case study of such activism in Singapore. It argues that not only may rent-seeking have been encouraged by Singapore’s use of industrial policy but that such a policy goes hand in hand with attempts by state actors to create an economic culture that legitimises such behaviour. The wider implication drawn is that mission-oriented state activism may require extensive cultural engineering to foster consensus over the relevant “missions”, but this level of social penetration also increases the risk of private interests capturing the state in less visible ways.