bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical cofactor recycling of bacterial microcompartments
Authors: Sutter Markus , Utschig Lisa M. , Niklas Jens , Paul Sathi , Kahan Darren N. , Gupta Sayan , Poluektov Oleg G. , Ferlez Bryan H. , Tefft Nicholas M. , TerAvest Michaela A. , Hickey David P. , Vermaas Josh V. , Ralston Corie Y. , Kerfeld Cheryl A.
Published: November 2024

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are prokaryotic organelles that consist of a protein shell which sequesters metabolic reactions in its interior. While most of the substrates and products are relatively small and can permeate the shell, many of the encapsulated enzymes require cofactors that must be regenerated inside. We have analyzed the occurrence of an enzyme previously assigned as a cobalamin (vitamin B
12
) reductase and, curiously, found it in many unrelated BMC types that do not employ B
12
cofactors. We propose Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) regeneration as the function of this enzyme and name it Metabolosome Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Hydrogen (NADH) dehydrogenase (MNdh). Its partner shell protein BMC-T
SE
(tandem domain BMC shell protein of the single layer type for electron transfer) assists in passing the generated electrons to the outside. We support this hypothesis with bioinformatic analysis, functional assays, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy, protein voltammetry, and structural modeling verified with X-ray footprinting. This finding represents a paradigm for the BMC field, identifying a new, widely occurring route for cofactor recycling and a new function for the shell as separating redox environments.
Band alignment at InP/TiO2 interfaces from density-functional theory
Authors: Ruiz Alvarado Isaac Azahel , Dreßler Christian , Schmidt Wolf Gero
Published: November 2024

The natural band alignments between indium phosphide and the main dioxides of titanium, i.e. rutile, anatase, and brookite as well as amorphous titania are calculated from the branch-point energies of the respective materials. Irrespective of the titania polymorph considered, type-I band alignment is predicted. This may change, however, in dependence on the microscopic interface structure: supercell calculations for amorphous titania grown on P-rich InP(001) surfaces result in a titania conduction band that nearly aligns with that of InP. Depending on the interface specifics, both type-I band and type-II band alignments are observed in the simulations. This agrees with recent experimental findings.
Model-based compensation and uncertainty analysis of support bearing losses in a chain drive dynamometer
Authors: Wragge-Morley R T , Barnaby G C , Yon J M , Akehurst S , Burgess S C
Published: November 2024

Efficiency testing of chain drives has received renewed attention in recent years from sectors including elite cycling, e-mobility and automotive engineering. This is because of a desire to maximise performance, reduce energy consumption and minimise wear rate at a component level. In particular, chain and lubricant manufacturers have developed test rigs that replicate transmission drives in order to measure the efficiency and wear behaviour of the chain and sprocket. This paper explores the impact that compensating parasitic losses from test rigs has on the measurement uncertainty. The analytical process of propagating measurement uncertainty for a dynamometer rig is presented, based on the use of modelled bearing friction losses in the rig and quoted datasheet values for the measurement transducers. Two commonly used bearing models are used to illustrate the process. It is found that the measurement uncertainty is dominated by the transducer uncertainties, particularly speed measurement and repeated experimental results corroborate this trend. However, experimental experience also suggests that the uncertainty derived using GUM Method B is conservative compared to the actual system. The research reported also highlights the importance of validating models of parasitic losses for measurement hardware.
Single vertical InP nanowire diodes with low ideality factors contacted in-array for high-resolution optoelectronics
Authors: Lamers Nils , Adham Kristi , Hrachowina Lukas , Borgström Magnus T , Wallentin Jesper
Published: November 2024

Nanowire (NW) optoelectronic and electrical devices offer unique advantages over bulk materials but are generally made by contacting entire NW arrays in parallel. In contrast, ultra-high-resolution displays and photodetectors require electrical connections to individual NWs inside an array. Here, we demonstrate a scheme for fabricating such single NW vertical devices by contacting individual NWs within a dense NW array. We contrast benzocyclobutene and SiO2 planarization methods for these devices and find that the latter leads to dramatically improved processing yield as well as higher-quality diodes. Further, we find that replacing the metal top contact with transparent indium tin oxide does not decrease electrical performance, allowing for transparent top contacts. We improve the ideality factor of the devices from a previous n = 14 to n = 1.8, with the best devices as low as n = 1.5. The devices are characterized as both photodetectors with detectivities up to 2.45 AW−1 and photocurrent densities of up to 185 mAcm−2 under 0.76 suns illumination. Despite poor performance as light emitting diodes, the devices show great resilience to current densities up to 4 × 108 mAcm−2. In combination with growth optimization, the flexibility of the processing allows for use of these devices as ultra-high-resolution photodetectors and displays.
Advanced self-sensing road stud: integrating deep learning-based speed detection and energy harvesting
Authors: Aslam Touqeer , Azam Ali , Ahmed Ammar , Mugheri Shoukat Ali , Zhang Zutao , Abdelrahman Mansour , Ali Asif , Tairab Alaeldin M , Zhou Qiqi , Xiong Bendong
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a self-powered and self-sensing vehicle speed detection sensor, representing a significant advancement in transportation. The system employs mechanical components like a slider crank, bevel gears, and one-way bearings for unidirectional rotation, converting translational motion into electrical energy upon the impact of vehicle tyres on road studs. The electrical power generation module, including a DC generator, rectifier, and battery circuit, captures and stores this energy. In addition to energy harvesting, the system integrates a deep learning model using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to precisely calculate vehicle speed from the displacement signals of the road studs. Displacement data from an ultrasonic distance sensor (SR-04) is processed and fed into the LSTM network, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.90% for vehicle speed categories of low, medium, high, and overspeed. A mathematical model and MATLAB Simscape simulations were developed, followed by experimental validation using a mechanical testing and sensing system under laboratory conditions. Lab-scale testing, a maximum output power of 3.72 W and an efficiency of 62.7% were recorded at 8 Hz. Field tests were performed at various vehicle speeds. A peak voltage output of 10 V was recorded for a single phase of a three-phase DC generator at 15 km h−1. The displacement sensor beneath the road stud was used to record the relative time signal between adjacent peaks to calculate vehicle speed. The sensor is sustainable in energy and easily installable without infrastructure changes, enhances transportation efficiency, and is useful for traffic management, road safety, and smart transportation networks.
3D printing for capacitive flexible pressure sensors of small pressure high sensitivity with microdome-labyrinth structure
Authors: Wei Wei , Wang Junkai , Zhang Xinliang , Luo Xin , Chen Bolin , Shen Xiangyu , Yuan Lili , Huang Yunfei , Long Yu
Published: November 2024

Capacitive flexible pressure sensors have excellent sensing characteristics such as ductility and high sensitivity, and are capable of accurately detecting small pressures generated by human movement and human–computer interaction. However, small pressure sensors fabricated using most conventional preparation methods (e.g. stencil molding) do not provide high enough resolution for small pressure measurements. Therefore, in this paper, capacitive flexible pressure sensors that can be applied to motion signal detection and motion sensing are prepared using digital light processing printing technology. Elastomers with microdome and labyrinth composite structures are prepared using polyurethane acrylate materials. At the same time, the sensor is capable of detecting minute pressures as low as 1 pa and has a wide detection range with a sensitivity S of 0.037 kPa−1 in the 0–20 kPa stress range and 0.007 kPa−1 in the 300–400 kPa stress range.
Can spacetime superposition alleviate gravitationally induced quantum decoherence?
Authors: Zeng Changjing , Liu Qianqian , Wen Cuihong , Wang Jieci
Published: November 2024

As a combination of the microscopic structure of spacetime and the principle of quantum superposition, the study of spacetime superposition provides a fundamental bottom-up approach to a comprehensive understanding of relativity and quantum theory. In this paper, we study how quantum gravitational effects generated by the superposition of the black hole’s masses affect the many-body entanglement for Dirac fields. The main obstacle to performing quantum information processing tasks near a classical black hole is the inevitable entanglement degradation caused by the Unruh–Hawking thermal bath. Fortunately, here we find that the many-body quantum system near a black hole with superposing masses exhibits more entanglement compared to those in the classical black hole background. The superposition properties of spacetime are found to provide additional quantum resources for mitigating gravitationally induced quantum decoherence and improving the efficiency of quantum information tasks in curved spacetime. In addition, the greatest quantum advantage for the recovery of entanglement in the curved spacetime can be obtained by preparing an optimal initial state.
Braiding of Majorana bound states in a driven-dissipative Majorana box setup
Authors: Wu Kunmin , Kadijani Sadeq S , Schmidt Thomas L
Published: November 2024

We investigate a system of Majorana box qubits, where each of the Coulomb blockaded boxes is driven by an applied AC voltage and is embedded in a dissipative environment. The AC voltage is applied between a pair of quantum dots, each of which is coupled by tunneling to a Majorana box qubit. Moreover, the dissipation is created by the coupling to an electromagnetic environment. Recent work has shown that in this case the Majorana bound states (MBSs) which form the computational basis can emerge as dark states, which are stabilized by the dissipation. In our work, we show that the same platform can be used to enable topological braiding of these dissipative MBSs. We show that coupling three such Majorana boxes allows a braiding transformation by changing the tunnel amplitudes adiabatically in time.
Fabry–Perot enhancement of liquid crystals birefringence effects in terahertz range
Authors: Batrakov K G , Valynets N I , Dubinetski M M , Paddubskaya A G , Margaryan H L , Hakobyan N H , Abrahamyan V K
Published: November 2024

THz technology is a rapidly advancing field in both fundamental and applied research, integrating novel approaches from optical and microwave ranges. Despite the wide applications of liquid crystals (LCs) in the visible range, their efficiency in the THz range is limited due to the low optical path length of existing anisotropic LC materials. In this work, we propose and explore the advantages of incorporating a LC core layer into the Fabry–Perot resonator as a simple strategy to enhance the observed birefringence effects. This enhancement is achieved through multiple wave passes through the LC layer, effectively increasing the effective optical path length. In particular, we demonstrate a more than tenfold improvement in the efficiency of wave transformation within a plane-parallel LC layer. Our findings are well correlated with the THz response of an LC cell composed of two parallel thick quartz substrates infiltrated with commercially available E48 liquid crystal, as observed in our experiments. The low switching voltage for cells with pyrocarbon-based electrodes is also demonstrated.
Electron acoustic solitary wave with finite cold electron temperature
Authors: Chakrabarti Nikhil , Roychoudhury Rajkumar
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the nonlinear propagation of Electron Acoustic Waves (EAWs) in a homogeneous, collisionless, dispersive plasma medium comprising two thermodynamically distinct electron species and a static charge-neutral ion background. Utilizing the properties of the Sagdeev pseudopotential, we established the necessary conditions for the existence of solitary waves in the presence of a finite cold electron temperature with the appropriate boundary conditions. Next, we derived the conditions for a soliton solution when the cold electron temperature is absent, employing the same pseudopotential method. It was demonstrated that incorporating finite cold electron temperature significantly alters the conditions required to achieve a soliton solution. We derived a small amplitude soliton solution by expanding the Sagdeev potential up to the fourth order, and we discuss the implications of this solution.
Theoretical and experimental study on optical polarization states in overhead optical cables under complex weather conditions such as real lightning
Authors: Lian Weihua , Su Xingrui , Hu Kaijing , Li Wei , Wu Bin , Zhao Hanqi , Huang Yu , Zhang Situo , Wang Desong , Tong Fei , Hu Yujia
Published: November 2024

By analyzing the changes in three Stokes vectors, the trajectory of polarization state on the Poincaré sphere, and the polarization change rate, both theoretical and practical aspects of polarization state variations in signal light within optical fiber composite overhead power ground wires (OPGWs) during real thunderstorm conditions, were examined. Our findings reveal that lightning and mechanical vibrations both impact the polarization state of the signal light in OPGW. Theoretical models demonstrate that lightning induces polarization changes through the Faraday magneto-optic effect and exhibits nonlinear electro-optic effects, leading to a maximum polarization change rate of Mrad s−1. In contrast, mechanical vibrations cause long-term, low-intensity polarization rate changes, with a maximum polarization rate of Krad s−1, highlighting a significant optical birefringence effect. Digital signal processing algorithms for coherent receivers with over 100G polarization multiplexing provide valuable guidance for recovering polarization states.
Effect of parity-time symmetric operation on quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang Qiong , He Zhi
Published: November 2024

In this work, we investigate effect of parity-time (

PT

) symmetric operation on the dynamic behavior of entanglement for two qubits system in Markovian and non-Markovian regimes with the resonant and off-resonant cases. First we derive the explicit expressions of concurrence quantifying entanglement for an exactly solving model consisting of two qubits interacting with independent structured reservoir. Then, we give two schemes, i.e. pre- and post-

PT

symmetric operations, to show the performance of

PT

symmetric operation on entanglement dynamics of two qubits. By investigation, we find that the lower the absolute value of the

PT

operation strength, the better the enhancement of entanglement. In addition, we show that the entanglement can be obviously enhanced by means of the pre-

PT

symmetric operation in different regimes.
The time-fractional (2+1)-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation: its Lie symmetries, exact solutions and conservation laws
Authors: Yu Jicheng , Feng Yuqiang
Published: November 2024

In this paper, the Lie symmetry analysis method is applied to the (2+1)-dimensional time-fractional Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation. We obtain all the Lie symmetries admitted by the governing equation and reduce the corresponding (2+1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations with the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative to (1+1)-dimensional counterparts with the Erdélyi–Kober fractional derivative. Then, we obtain the power series solutions of the reduced equations, prove their convergence and analyze their dynamic behavior graphically. In addition, the conservation laws for all the obtained Lie symmetries are constructed using the new conservation theorem and the generalization of Noether operators.
Non-linear dependence of ion heat flux on plasma density at the L–H transition of JET NBI-heated deuterium–tritium plasmas
Authors: Vincenzi P. , Solano E.R. , Delabie E. , Angioni C. , Birkenmeier G. , Maggi C. , Morales R.B. , Sun H.J. , Tholerus E. ,   JET Contributors
Published: November 2024

Recent JET D–T campaigns opened the possibility of unique isotope studies to investigate the L–H transition physics in view of reactor plasmas and to study the origin of the observed power threshold minimum. In the present paper, we characterise L–H transitions in the low and high-density branches of JET NBI-heated D–T plasmas. As discussed in the paper, L–H transition has been hypothesised to be determined by the transport power losses of plasma ions, i.e. the so-called ion heat flux (Q
i). We present the first power balance analysis of JET NBI-heated D–T plasmas to evaluate the ion heat flux at the transition. Due to the experimental setting being similar to previous JET D experiments, we also directly compare the results, discussing the isotope effect and similarities between datasets. First, we find an isotope effect between D and D–T Q
i, with a lower Q
i in D–T plasmas. We confirm that the ion heat flux deviates from density linearity compared to the linear trend observed in wave-heated D plasmas of other tokamaks. The deviation we observe in NBI-heated L–H transitions happens at an isotope-dependent density. Plasma edge rotation correlates with Q
i deviation from density linearity in the low-density branch. However, further investigations would be required to assess the role of rotation on Q
i and the power threshold minimum at JET. At low plasma density, NBI power dominates Q
i, while increasing the density makes the equipartition power dominant. We finally compare our results with hypotheses proposed from evidence in other tokamaks to present a complete overview of ion heat flux analyses in D and D–T NBI-heated plasmas at JET.
Rapid curing dynamics of PEG-thiol-ene resins allow facile 3D bioprinting and in-air cell-laden microgel fabrication
Authors: K Jang Lindy , T Ahlquist Jesse , Ye Congwang , Trujillo Juliana , Triplett Michael , L Moya Monica , Robertson Claire , Hynes William , M Wasson Elisa
Published: November 2024

Thiol-norbornene photoclick hydrogels are highly efficient in tissue engineering applications due to their fast gelation, cytocompatibility, and tunability. In this work, we utilized the advantageous features of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-thiol-ene resins to enable fabrication of complex and heterogeneous tissue scaffolds using 3D bioprinting and in-air drop encapsulation techniques. We demonstrated that photoclickable PEG-thiol-ene resins could be tuned by varying the ratio of PEG-dithiol to PEG norbornene to generate a wide range of mechanical stiffness (0.5–12 kPa) and swelling ratios. Importantly, all formulations maintained a constant, rapid gelation time (<0.5 s). We used this resin in biological projection microstereolithography (BioPµSL) to print complex structures with geometric fidelity and demonstrated biocompatibility by printing cell-laden microgrids. Moreover, the rapid gelling kinetics of this resin permitted high-throughput fabrication of tunable, cell-laden microgels in air using a biological in-air drop encapsulation apparatus (BioIDEA). We demonstrated that these microgels could support cell viability and be assembled into a gradient structure. This PEG-thiol-ene resin, along with BioPµSL and BioIDEA technology, will allow rapid fabrication of complex and heterogeneous tissues that mimic native tissues with cellular and mechanical gradients. The engineered tissue scaffolds with a controlled microscale porosity could be utilized in applications including gradient tissue engineering, biosensing, and in vitro tissue models.
General expressions for Stevens and Racah operator equivalents
Authors: Duros O , Juhin A , Elnaggar H , Chiuzbăian G S , Brouder C
Published: November 2024

Several definitions of the crystal-field (CF) Hamiltonian have been used over time and their variety has lead to many misunderstandings, in both theoretical and experimental literature. Two categories of definitions can be mentioned, the first being in terms of the operator equivalents introduced by Stevens in 1952 and the second being in terms of Racah’s spherical tensors, introduced by different authors from 1962. This paper aims at providing some clarification in this field. We first introduce various forms of the CF Hamiltonian. Then, we introduce several explicit ways to compute Racah spherical tensors, in terms of angular momentum quantum numbers j and m as well as in terms of J
2 and Jz
operators. We eventually give some connections between the parameters used to expand the CF Hamiltonian on Stevens operator equivalents and on spherical tensors. Lastly, we make usage of the coefficients of fractional parentage for the expression of the CF Hamiltonian on spherical tensors for the many-body states. Various computational codes, using different CF conventions, are also reviewed.
Inkjet printing of sustainable ZTO/AlOx thin film transistors
Authors: Moreira Pedro Gabriel , Martins Rodrigo , Carlos Emanuel , Branquinho Rita
Published: November 2024

Even though printed metal oxide thin film transistors (TFTs) have been a central topic of research in the past decade, the most notable results still require scarce elements such as gallium and indium, or high annealing temperatures (⩾400 °C) when using sustainable raw materials such as zinc and tin. In this work, safe, abundant and inexpensive materials such as zinc, tin and aluminum are explored to reach low-cost thin films and devices with both the semiconductor and dielectric layers deposited by inkjet printing and annealed at lower temperatures (300 °C). Alumina (AlO
x
) and zinc tin oxide (ZTO) inks containing a theoretical optimal V% of ethylene glycol were optimized for production of uniform and reproducible AlO
x
/ZTO thin film layers. Common ink parameters (such as the reverse Ohnesorge, capillary, Webber and Reynolds numbers) were evaluated and compared with relevant literature on inkjet drop formation mechanisms. Inks within theoretical optimal parameter values were printing optimized in terms of drops per inch, number of layers, UV substrate surface activation, print speed, and post- annealing. A high-quality dielectric of two alumina layers was printed, having a breakdown field above 2.93 ± 0.33 MV cm−1, and a dielectric constant of 7.74 ± 0.73 at 1 kHz. TFTs of inkjet printed (IJP) ZTO/AlO
x
layers were produced with a maximum I
On/I
Off ratio of 103 and a saturation mobility of 2.2 cm2 V−1 s−1. This approach not only advances the field of printed electronics but also addresses concerns related to material scarcity, thermal budget, and production costs.
Multi-target quantum compilation algorithm
Authors: Tuan Hai Vu , Tan Viet Nguyen , Urbaneja Jesus , Vu Linh Nguyen , Nguyen Tran Lan , Bin Ho Le
Published: November 2024

Quantum compilation is the process of converting a target unitary operation into a trainable unitary represented by a quantum circuit. It has a wide range of applications, including gate optimization, quantum-assisted compiling, quantum state preparation, and quantum dynamic simulation. Traditional quantum compilation usually optimizes circuits for a single target. However, many quantum systems require simultaneous optimization of multiple targets, such as thermal state preparation, time-dependent dynamic simulation, and others. To address this, we develop a multi-target quantum compilation algorithm to improve the performance and flexibility of simulating multiple quantum systems. Our benchmarks and case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, highlighting the importance of multi-target optimization in advancing quantum computing. This work lays the groundwork for further development and evaluation of multi-target quantum compilation algorithms.
Multimodal neural network-based predictive modeling of nanoparticle properties from pure compounds
Authors: Polat Can , Kurban Mustafa , Kurban Hasan
Published: November 2024

Simulating complex and large materials is a challenging task that requires extensive domain knowledge and computational expertise. This study introduces Pure2DopeNet, an innovative multimodal neural network that tackles these challenges by integrating image and text data to accurately predict the physical properties of doped compounds, specifically Carbon (C)-doped TiO2 and Sulfur (S)-doped ZnO nanoparticles. The model achieves quantum mechanical level accuracy, comparable to density functional tight binding (DFTB), across various doping levels, demonstrating its capability to determine the properties from a single simulation of the pure compound. Pure2DopeNet outperforms traditional deep learning architectures such as ResNet, ViT, and CoAtNet, delivering superior accuracy, faster performance, and reduced dependence on domain expertise. This approach highlights the potential of multimodal machine learning to revolutionize materials science by making high-fidelity simulations more accessible and efficient, opening paving the way for material discovery and the exploration of novel properties.
Foundations of Experiential Therapy
Authors: Laser Julie Anne , Nicotera Nicole
Published: November 2024

Chapter 2 discusses the philosophical and research foundations of Experiential Therapy. Experiential Therapy has evolved from the tenets of Dewey and experiential learning, the theoretical underpinnings of ecological theory and human ecology, the theory and research on the benefits of being in nature for humans, and the research on being in nature with a trained clinician. The authors discuss why they use the term Experiential Therapy, as opposed to wilderness therapy, due to wilderness therapy’s sometimes punitive, unregulated, non-trauma-informed, and non-therapeutic tendencies. They further explain why they use the term Experiential Therapy whether they are inside or outside with clients.
Structuring Experiential Therapy Interventions
Authors: Laser Julie Anne , Nicotera Nicole
Published: November 2024

Chapter 7, “Structuring Experiential Therapy Interventions,” discusses the details of how to organize Experiential Therapy activities. A 10-step outline for Experiential Therapy is presented to support one’s thinking and planning for the Experiential Therapy activity with clients. The 10 steps are: (1) name of activity; (2) time duration; (3) purpose/objective; (4) age/gender/cultural considerations; (5) equipment/materials needed; (6) risk assessment; (7) framing questions; (8) directions for activity; (9) clinical segues and questions; (10) for whom would this activity be appropriate, and for whom would it not be appropriate? Scaling activities to increase insights over time for clients, decrease effects of trauma, and increase resilience are shared. Three Experiential Therapy activities in sequential scaling are provided.
Manilius and the Aesthetics of the Infinite
Authors: Glauthier Patrick
Published: November 2024

For Manilius, the ultimate mode of natural inquiry is poetic astronomy/astrology, a pursuit grounded in mathematics and able to reveal the divine. This exhilaratingly endless adventure embodies the sublime: the ecstatic accumulation of dissonant data, such as the survey of the Milky Way’s causes, and the never-ending calculation of dizzying sums, especially those of the horoscope, create an impression of the infinite expanse of the universe, and to experience infinity is to experience god. And yet, Manilius represents celestial inquiry as a risky undertaking that violates boundaries and ends in spectacular falls; Phaethon is one figure who models this kind of student of the stars. Significantly, Manilius’s vision of the scientific sublime is thoroughly implicated in Augustan culture, which maximizes the potential of astrological symbolism. For his part, Manilius maps the cosmic sphere and the territory of the Roman Empire onto one another, thereby equating celestial inquiry with imperial expansion; both are limitless and infinitely thrilling.
Introduction
Authors: Kvanvig Jonathan L
Published: November 2024

There are two common responses to skepticism, the epistemological claim that knowledge is at least non-existent and perhaps also unachievable, and both are to be avoided. So I argue here. The first response is to succumb to it, trying then to find some adequate basis for life that foregoes presumptions of knowledge. The second response is dismissive, viewing it as an overwrought, hyperbolic response to human limitations, so wrongheaded that nothing beyond a laconic response is needed before returning to important philosophical tasks. This chapter will contend that the first response is much too often premature, and the second response is much too often cavalier.
Fiction on the Page in Nineteenth-Century Magazines
Authors: Damkjær Maria
Published: November 2024

What makes fiction recognizable as fiction? Texts are shaped by their material print, but this book argues that they can also be made in response to it: that the needs of the magazine in the nineteenth century spurred writers to create hybrid, entangled texts. Using book history, genre theory, and literary close reading, this book argues that narrative fiction in the nineteenth-century popular periodical was a malleable substance. By looking at typography, and the attempts to squeeze in too much text, or stretch out too little text, the book asks what the relationship was between the page that needed filling and the short story that tried to fill it. In the messy hybrids and outliers, we explore what fiction might have become. The book works with magazines like the Englishwoman’s Domestic Magazine (first series, 1852–9), the Family Herald (1842–1945), the Home Circle (1849–54), and authors like Elizabeth Gaskell, George Augustus Sala, and Samuel Beeton. It also includes a chapter on Charles Dickens’s arguably least successful venture, Master Humphrey’s Clock (1840–1), where Dickens was noticeably straining to sell and fill a weekly magazine. While the book is not attempting to destabilize the status of canonical fiction, it does ask how the page makes fiction happen; what kind of readers magazines imagined for themselves; and what readers thought they were reading when they picked up an issue. The book argues that magazines projected a print imaginary, a symbolic realm where the magazine fits perfectly into the lives of happy, active readers.
The Influence of Commonly-Encountered Participant Behaviors on Cardiovascular Indices During Testing
Authors: McLaurin Natalie N , Alhalimi Taha , Ramos Andrea , Trevino George , Tanaka Hirofumi
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

During laboratory testing, participants rest quietly in a supine posture with little movement. However, it is rather common for participants to display various behaviors. The extent to which these common encounters influence cardiovascular measures is unknown.

METHODS

Fifty-five adults (36 ± 15 years) were studied during the following seven randomized conditions in the supine position: (i) quiet stationary rest (control), (ii) while drowsy, (iii) while and (iv) after talking to investigators, (v) while and (vi) after cell phone use for texting, and (vii) lying on the side.

RESULTS

Heart rate was greater when the participants were talking to investigators (+4 bpm) and texting on cell phones (+5 mm Hg) compared with quiet rest. Systolic blood pressure (BP) increased by 4 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 3 mm Hg while talking to investigators. Systolic BP was 6 mm Hg and diastolic BP was 5 mm Hg lower in the “side lying” position compared with quiet rest. In the side-lying condition, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was not able to be measured in 38% (n = 16) of the participants while brachial-ankle PWV was not affected. Brachial-ankle PWV was greater while (+65 cm/s) and after (+29 cm/s) the participants were talking to investigators whereas carotid-femoral PWV was not able to be measured during talking. The drowsy behavior did not influence any of the BP and PWV measures.

CONCLUSIONS

Talking during the testing period significantly increases all the cardiovascular measures but cell phone use prior to the measures does not appear to influence them.
Design and synthesis of star-shaped non-fullerene acceptors based on triarylamine core for organic photovoltaic applications
Authors: Fu Hongyu , Ogino Kenji
Published: November 2024

Non-fullerene acceptors were synthesized with triphenylamine (TPA) and 9-phenylcarbazole core functionalized with oxindole moiety, as well as electron accepting groups such as cyano and trifluoromethyl groups, leading to precisely tuned molecular electronic structures and intermolecular arrangements. This approach maintained high thermal stability and excellent electron mobility while optimizing optoelectronic properties, providing a novel strategy for developing organic photovoltaic materials. LUMO levels of three receptors were comparable to PC61BM. The decomposition temperatures of all three acceptors exceeded 380 °C under N2 flow, indicating the exceptional thermal stability. Notably, the acceptor consisting of TPA core with three oxindole moieties exhibited the red-shifted and intense UV-vis absorption spectrum and the narrowest optical bandgap (Egopt = 2.14 eV). Furthermore, the higher electron mobility was observed in this compound compared to analogues with 9-phenylcarbozle unit. The power conversion efficiency of the device based on TPA core acceptor and regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) surpassed those of the devices based on the other two acceptors.
Peer-Assisted Telemedicine for Hepatitis C in People Who Use Drugs: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Seaman Andrew , Cook Ryan , Leichtling Gillian , Herink Megan C , Gailey Tonhi , Cooper Joanna , Spencer Hunter C , Babiarz Jane , Fox Christopher , Thomas Ann , Leahy Judith M , Larsen Jessica E , Korthuis P Todd
Published: November 2024

Background

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination requires treating people who use drugs (PWUD), yet <10% of PWUD in the United States access HCV treatment; access is especially limited in rural communities.

Methods

We randomized PWUD with HCV viremia and past 90-day injection drug or nonprescribed opioid use in 7 rural Oregon counties to peer-assisted telemedicine HCV treatment (TeleHCV) versus peer-assisted referral to local providers (enhanced usual care [EUC]). Peers supported screening and pretreatment laboratory evaluation for all participants and facilitated telemedicine visits, medication delivery, and adherence for TeleHCV participants. Generalized linear models estimated group differences in HCV viral clearance (primary outcome) and HCV treatment initiation and completion (secondary outcomes).

Results

Of the 203 randomized participants (100 TeleHCV, 103 EUC), most were male (62%), White (88%), with recent houselessness (70%), and used methamphetamines (88%) or fentanyl/heroin (58%) in the past 30 days. Eighty-five of 100 TeleHCV participants (85%) initiated treatment versus 13 of 103 (12%) EUC participants (relative risk [RR], 6.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 4.0–11.3]; P < .001). Sixty-three of 100 (63%) TeleHCV participants versus 16 of 103 (16%) EUC participants achieved viral clearance 12 weeks after anticipated treatment completion date (RR, 4.1 [95% CI: 2.5–6.5]; P < .001).

Conclusions

The Peer TeleHCV treatment model substantially increased HCV treatment initiation and viral clearance compared to EUC. Replication in other rural and low-resource settings could further World Health Organization HCV elimination goals by expanding and decentralizing treatment access for PWUD.

Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04798521.
Cutibacterium acnes infective endocarditis—an emerging pathogen
Authors: Saha Shekhar , Joskowiak Dominik , Marin-Cuartas Mateo , De La Cuesta Manuela , Weber Carolyn , Luehr Maximillian , Petrov Asen , Dzilic Elda , Sandoval-Boburg Rodrigo , Marinos Spiros Lukas , Pfeiffer Philipp , Horke Konstanze Maria , Schnackenburg Philipp , Hertel Nora , Awad George , Wacker Max , Moter Isabell , Caldonazo Tulio , Kyashif Timur , Petersen Johannes , Sill Björn , Moter Annette , Eichinger Walter , Reichenspurner Hermann , Dohle Daniel , Popov Aron-Frederik , Krane Markus , Matschke Klaus , Wahlers Thorsten , Doenst Torsten , Borger Micheal , Misfeld Martin , Hagl Christian
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES

The study aimed to review a multicentre experience of patients undergoing surgical intervention for infective endocarditis caused by Cutibacterium acnes and to analyse the diagnostic challenges and operative results.

METHODS

We retrospectively reviewed 8812 patients undergoing cardiac surgery for endocarditis at 12 cardiac surgical departments across Germany. The overall population was divided based on the type of endocarditis (i.e. native and prosthetic valve endocarditis). Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, 1- and 5-year survival.

RESULTS

Cutibacterium acnes caused endocarditis in 269 patients (3.1%). Median age was 65 years (54–72 years) and 237 (88.1%) were male. We observed significantly higher rates of native valve endocarditis in patients aged 21–40, whereas prosthetic valve endocarditis was more frequent in all other age groups (P < 0.001). The median EuroSCORE II of the cohort was 10.7 (5.0–29.6), with it being significantly higher in the prosthetic valve endocarditis group (P < 0.001). Blood culture-negative infective endocarditis was initially reported in 54.3% of the patients. The in-hospital mortality was comparable between the groups (P = 0.340). Survival at 1 and 5 years was significantly higher in the native valve endocarditis group (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Cutibacterium acnes causes native valve endocarditis, especially in younger patients. The incidence of endocarditis caused by C.acnes is alarming and is at par with well-known endocarditis pathogens such as the HACEK group. The pathogen has a low virulence and presents with a rather indolent course. The diagnosis of C.acnes endocarditis is challenging and requires a multimodal specialized approach. Surgical treatment is associated with acceptable outcomes.
Tuberculosis treatment interruption: a qualitative exploration of barriers, challenges, coping strategies and facilitators in Malaysia
Authors: Oh Ai Ling , Makmor-Bakry Mohd , Islahudin Farida , Ting Chuo Yew , Chan Swee Kim , Tie Siew Teck
Published: November 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) treatment interruption undermines the effectiveness of TB medications and jeopardizes treatment outcomes. This study aimed to explore barriers, challenges, coping strategies and facilitators of TB treatment interruption to understand the treatment pathway in achieving successful outcomes. In-depth interviews were conducted at public health clinics in Sarawak, Malaysia, utilizing a phenomenological approach. Thirty patients who experienced TB treatment interruption with eventual successful treatment were purposively selected based on various reasons for treatment interruption to obtain diverse viewpoints. The audio-recorded transcriptions underwent thematic and content analysis. Five major themes emerged under barriers and challenges: socioeconomic, patient, therapy, healthcare and condition-related factors. Notably, financial burdens led individuals to prioritize work over health. Adverse drug reactions resulted in inappropriate self-medication and healthcare dissatisfaction. Medication error with suboptimal dosing was another facet leading to treatment forfeiture. Lack of knowledge about treatment duration and medication adherence, along with negative personal factors such as laziness, dishonesty and forgetfulness were reported. Participants employed coping strategies to confront barriers and challenges, including acceptance and commitment to disease and treatment, self-adaptation in mental, physical and social aspects, and self-management of minor adverse events. Fear of disease worsening, previous experiences, social and financial supports, along with intrinsic motivators, were essential facilitators that prevented interruptions. Interconnectivity across the explored dimensions contextualized the understanding of TB treatment interruption and offered valuable information for designing patient-centered intervention strategies. Improving patient education coupled with tailored interventions addressing psychosocial and economic barriers is crucial for ensuring TB treatment completion.
‘Comparative analysis of diesel fuel types on engine performance and emissions’
Authors: Kadhim Mohammed Qays , Oshchepkov Petr Platonovich
Published: November 2024

This study explains the exhaust and combustion features of four types of diesel fuel using a direct injection diesel engine having 4-strokes and 1-cylinder. The investigation focuses on the performance of brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature (EGT), and gasses emissions like carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity. Results show that diesel fuels of Types 3 and 4 display superior performance with increasing brake productivity up to 20% and reducing smoke emissions associated to other fuel types up to 40% highlighting their potential for enhancing engine efficiency and reducing environmental impact. These results show that diesel fuel Type 3 enhanced combustion and emission profiles in diesel engines presenting a valuable avenue for engine optimization and environmental compliance.
Review of bamboo biomass as a sustainable energy
Authors: Gopan Gokul , Krishnan Renjith , Arun M
Published: November 2024

The rising demand for sustainable energy has increased interest in biomass utilization for producing synthetic gas (syngas). This study reviews biomass-to-energy conversion technologies for syngas production, focusing on process efficiency, product purity, and environmental sustainability. Life cycle analysis confirms the sustainability of biomass sources. The advantages and limitations of each conversion route are examined, highlighting the importance of research and policy support to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The abstract emphasizes the role of syngas in transitioning to cleaner, resource-efficient energy systems.
Fc-Afucosylation of VAR2CSA-Specific Immunoglobulin G and Clinical Immunity to Placental Plasmodium falciparum Malaria
Authors: Lopez-Perez Mary , Viwami Firmine , Ampomah Paulina , Šuštić Tonći , Larsen Mads Delbo , Wuhrer Manfred , Vidarsson Gestur , Ofori Michael F , Tuikue Ndam Nicaise , Hviid Lars
Published: November 2024

Background

Acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum malaria is mainly mediated by immunoglobulin G (IgG) targeting erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). These adhesins mediate infected erythrocyte (IE) sequestration, protecting IEs from splenic destruction. PfEMP1-specific IgG is therefore thought to protect mainly by inhibiting IE sequestration. VAR2CSA-type PfEMP1 mediates placental IE sequestration, putting pregnant women exposed to P falciparum parasites at risk of placental malaria (PM).

Methods

Levels and Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific plasma IgG were measured by a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FEASI). We also measured the ability of the IgG to inhibit IE adhesion and to induce natural killer (NK) cell degranulation. The results were related to parity and clinical pregnancy outcomes.

Results

Parity was positively correlated with levels and Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific IgG, and with birth weight and plasma IgG inhibition of IE adhesion in vitro. Fc-afucosylation of VAR2CSA-specific IgG increased NK–cell degranulation. Women with Fc-afucosylated VAR2CSA–specific IgG had a reduced risk of delivering a low birth weight (LBW) baby, but not of PM or anemia.

Conclusions

Fc-afucosylated VAR2CSA-specific IgG effectively induced NK–cell degranulation and was associated with protection against LBW, independent of IgG levels. Our study has implications for the development of VAR2CSA-based subunit vaccines, which exclusively induce Fc-fucosylated IgG.
Synergistic antimicrobial activity of lynronne-1 and EDTA against bovine mastitis pathogens
Authors: Moreira Ana Julia S , de Araújo Domingues Katialaine C , Camargo Karine D V , Aulik Nicole A , Oyama Linda B , Huws Sharon A , Mantovani Hilario C
Published: November 2024

Background

Bovine mastitis is the costliest disease in the dairy sector and the main cause of antibiotic use in dairy cattle, potentially contributing to the antimicrobial resistance crisis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) offer promise as antibiotic alternatives for controlling mastitis pathogens.

Methods

The efficacy of five AMPs (Lynronne-1 [Lyn-1], Lynronne-2 [Lyn-2], Bovicin HC5, AMP 660, and AMP 1043) and two bioactive compounds (disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid [EDTA] and glycerol monolaurate) was assessed against a range of 35 mastitis-causing pathogens. The fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) was calculated to determine the interaction effect and values ≤0.5 were indicative of synergism. Time-dependent killing assays were performed to assess bactericidal efficacy of the combination. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay and haemolytic activity was assessed against fresh bovine erythrocytes.

Results

Lyn-1 and EDTA exhibited the highest broad spectrum antimicrobial activity and reduced bacterial growth (OD600 nm) by 95.1% and 86.9%, respectively. FICI values ranged from 0.1 to 0.5, indicating synergism. The combination of lyn-1 (0.03 mg/mL) and EDTA (1.02 mg/mL) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against all bacterial strains, at significantly lower concentrations than each compound individually. Lyn-1-EDTA combination reduced viable population by >10 000-fold within 12 h. The combination was non-haemolytic in concentrations up to 8-fold the established MIC values (P > 0.05), although cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations above MIC (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of Lyn-1 and Lyn-1-EDTA for developing antibiotic-free formulations to combat contagious and environmental mastitis pathogens and treat udder infections.