bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the distinct effects of body mass index at childhood and adulthood on adult major psychiatric disorders
Authors: Xiao Pei , Li Chi , Mi Jie , Wu Jinyi
Published: September 2024

Children with high body mass index (BMI) are at heightened risk of developing health issues in adulthood, yet the causality between childhood BMI and adult psychiatric disorders remains unclear. Using a life course Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we investigated the causal effects of childhood and adulthood BMI on adult psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia, using data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and FinnGen study. Childhood BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, while adulthood BMI was associated with a decreased risk of OCD and schizophrenia. Multivariable MR analyses indicated a direct causal effect of childhood BMI on schizophrenia, independent of adulthood BMI and lifestyle factors. No evidence of causal associations was found between childhood BMI and other psychiatric outcomes. The sensitivity analyses yielded broadly consistent findings. These findings highlight the critical importance of early-life interventions to mitigate the long-term consequences of childhood adiposity.
Synthesis of chiral sulfilimines by organocatalytic enantioselective sulfur alkylation of sulfenamides
Authors: Wang Fucheng , Xiang Wanxing , Xie Yiting , Huai Linge , Zhang Luoqiang , Zhang Xin
Published: September 2024

Sulfilimines are versatile synthetic intermediates and important moieties in bioactive molecules. However, their applications in drug discovery are underexplored, and efficient asymmetric synthetic methods are highly desirable. Here, we report a transition metal–free pentanidium-catalyzed sulfur alkylation of sulfenamides with exclusive chemoselectivity over nitrogen and high enantioselectivity. The reaction conditions were mild, and a wide range of enantioenriched aryl and alkyl sulfilimines were obtained. The synthetic utility and practicability of this robust protocol were further demonstrated through gram-scale reactions and late-stage functionalization of drugs.
Novel humanized anti-PcrV monoclonal antibody COT-143 protects mice from lethal
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infection via inhibition of toxin translocation by the type III secretion system
Authors: Numata Shunsuke , Hara Takafumi , Izawa Masaaki , Okuno Yosuke , Sato Yasuhiko , Yamane Shoji , Maki Hideki , Sato Takafumi , Yamano Yoshinori
Published: September 2024

Treatment of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infection is challenging due to its intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. As the number of current therapeutic options for
P. aeruginosa
infections is limited, developing novel treatments against the pathogen is an urgent clinical priority. The suppression of virulence of
P. aeruginosa
could be a new therapeutic option, and the type III secretion system (T3SS), which enables the bacteria to translocate various kinds of toxins into host cells and inhibits cellular functions, is considered as one possible target. In this report, we examined T3SS inhibition by COT-143/INFEX702, a humanized monoclonal antibody against PcrV, T3SS component, and present the crystal structure of the antibody-PcrV complex. COT-143 inhibited T3SS-dependent cytotoxicity and protected mice from the mortality caused by
P. aeruginosa
infection. The inhibition of cytotoxicity coincided with inhibition of translocon formation in a host cell membrane, which is necessary for T3SS intoxication. COT-143 protected murine neutrophils and facilitated phagocytosis of
P. aeruginosa
. These results suggest that COT-143 facilitates
P. aeruginosa
clearance by protecting neutrophil via inhibition of T3SS-dependent toxin translocation. This is the first report to show that an anti-PcrV antibody directly interferes with translocon formation to inhibit intoxication of host cells.
In vitro
antimalarial susceptibility profile of
Plasmodium falciparum
isolates in the BEI Resources repository
Authors: Ahmed Amel O. A. , Nkhoma Standwell C. , Zaman Sharmeen , Rashid Sujatha , Bradford Rebecca , Stedman Timothy T. , Molestina Robert E.
Published: September 2024

BEI Resources, a National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-funded program managed by the American Type Culture Collection, serves researchers worldwide through the provision of a centralized repository for the acquisition, production, characterization, preservation, storage, and distribution of standardized biological resources targeting National Institutes of Health priority pathogens including bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasitic protozoa. These reference materials are critical for the development of diagnostics, vaccines, and therapeutics and are available to qualified registered investigators and institutions worldwide. Bioresources within BEI include well-characterized malaria isolates as part of the Malaria Research and Reference Reagent Resource Center (MR4). These isolates are critical for screening antimalarial compounds, conducting drug resistance studies, and for resistance surveillance and management. In our efforts to enhance the characterization of MR4
P. falciparum
isolates, we measured antimalarial susceptibility of >100 isolates against a panel of standard antimalarial compounds. Our results provide valuable information to assist current and prospective users of the BEI Resources repository in making data-driven requests of isolates to meet their research needs.
Insights into prokaryotic communities and their potential functions in biogeochemical cycles in cold seep
Authors: Quan Qiumei , Liu Jiaxing , Li Chaolun , Ke Zhixin , Tan Yehui
Published: September 2024

Microorganisms are significant drivers of organic matter mineralization and are essential in marine biogeochemical cycles. However, the variations and influencing factors in prokaryotic communities from cold-seep sediments to the water column and the specific role of these microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles in the water column above cold seep remain unclear. Here, we investigated prokaryotic communities and their roles in nitrogen/sulfur cycling processes and conducted
in situ
dissolved organic matter (DOM) enrichment experiments to explore the effects of diverse sources of DOM on prokaryotic communities. Field investigations showed that the prokaryotic communities in the near-bottom water were more similar to those in the deep layer of the euphotic zone (44.60%) and at a depth of 400 m (50.89%) than those in the sediment (18.00%). DOM enrichment experiments revealed that adding dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus DOP caused a notable increase in the relative abundances of Rhodobacterales and Vibrionales, respectively. A remarkable increase was observed in the relative abundance of Alteromonadales and Pseudomonadales after the addition of dissolved organic sulfur (DOS). The metagenomic results revealed that Proteobacteria served as the keystone taxa in mediating the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the Haima cold seep. This study highlights the responses of prokaryotes to DOM with different components and the microbially driven elemental cycles in cold seeps, providing a foundational reference for further studies on material energy metabolism and the coupled cycling of essential elements mediated by deep-sea microorganisms.

IMPORTANCE

Deep-sea cold seeps are among the most productive ecosystems, sustaining unique fauna and microbial communities through the release of methane and other hydrocarbons. Our study revealed that the influence of seepage fluid on the prokaryotic community in the water column is surprisingly limited, which challenges conventional views regarding the impact of seepage fluids. In addition, we identified that different DOM compositions play a crucial role in shaping the prokaryotic community composition, providing new insights into the factors driving microbial diversity in cold seeps. Furthermore, the study highlighted Proteobacteria as key and multifaceted drivers of biogeochemical cycles in cold seeps, emphasizing their significant contribution to complex interactions and processes. These findings offer a fresh perspective on the dynamics of cold-seep environments and their microbial communities, advancing our understanding of the biogeochemical functions in deep-sea environments.
Performance analysis of a high-frequency two-stage proportional valve piloted by two high-speed on/off valve arrays
Authors: Gao Qiang , Li Linfei , Zhu Yuchuan
Published: September 2024

Two-stage proportional valves (TSPV) have been used extensively for electro-hydraulic control systems with large-flow applications. Due to the inherent characteristics of the pilot spool, such as hysteresis, motion quality, and dead zone, the dynamic performance of the traditional TSPV cannot be further improved. To solve this issue, this paper proposes a high-frequency two-stage proportional valve (HFTSPV) piloted by two high-speed on/off valve arrays, which integrates the advantages of dual nozzle flapper mechanism and parallel-connected valve technology. First, an entire mathematical model is established, in which some key parameters are estimated by experiments, such as the actual diameters and flow coefficients of orifices, and flow coefficient of pilot valve. Then, the influences of fixed orifices with different diameters on the dynamic characteristics of main spool are explored. Subsequently, the optimal diameter of fixed orifice is calculated theoretically by using the maximum pressure sensitivity and flow linearity, aiming to realize the high dynamic and small displacement fluctuation. Finally, step and sinusoidal tracking experiments show that the delay time of the HFTSPV is close to 3.3 ms, and the displacement fluctuation decreases with the increase of tracking frequency. Amplitude–frequency results indicate that −3 dB frequency of the HFTSPV reaches 16 Hz under ±50% full scale and 30 Hz under 0% –50% full scale.
Applications of Catalan neural network (CaNN) model
Authors: Duman Merve Güney , Koparal Sibel , Duran Ömer , Ömür Neşe
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we construct Catalan neural network (CaNN) model and examine the nonlinear solvers of the ordinary nonlinear differential equation using the CaNN model with linear and nonlinear activation functions. Using a single-layer functional linking neural network (FLANN) architecture, we extend input models using the first five Catalan polynomials, update network parameters that we initially randomly select, and use error backpropagation algorithms. The CaNN trial solution for solving nonlinear differential equations is in excellent agreement with the analytical solution. Also, the validity of the CaNN method is investigated by treating second-order differential equations of Lane–Emden type as boundary and initial value problems.
An alternative way to decipher the nature of the doubly charmed tetraquark Tcc(3875)+: Its antiparticle Tc̄c̄(3875)− photoproduction off nuclei near threshold
Authors: Paryev E. Ya.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we study the inclusive photoproduction of [Formula: see text] mesons (which are the antiparticles of the doubly charmed tetraquarks [Formula: see text] discovered recently by the LHCb Collaboration) from nuclei in the near-threshold energy region within the nuclear spectral function approach by considering incoherent direct ([Formula: see text]) photon–nucleon [Formula: see text] creation processes as well as five possible different scenarios for their internal structure with the main goal of clarifying the possibility to decipher this structure (and, hence, that of [Formula: see text]) in photoproduction via integral and differential observables. We calculate the absolute and relative excitation functions for [Formula: see text] production off [Formula: see text]C and [Formula: see text]W target nuclei at near-threshold photon beam energies of 30–38 GeV, the absolute differential cross-sections for their production off these target nuclei at laboratory polar angles of 0°–10° as well as the A and momentum dependences of the relative (transparency ratios) cross-sections for [Formula: see text] production at photon energy of 35[Formula: see text]GeV within the adopted scenarios for the [Formula: see text] meson intrinsic structure. We demonstrate that the absolute and relative observables considered show a certain sensitivity to these scenarios. Therefore, the measurement of such observables in future experiments at the proposed high-luminosity electron-ion colliders EIC and EicC in the US and China in the near-threshold energy region might shed light on the [Formula: see text] internal structure.
Modern tensor–spinor symbolic algebra algorithms and computing non-closure geometry and holoraumy in 11D, 𝒩=1 supergravity
Authors: Gates S. James , Hilsenrath Isaiah B. , Hilsenrath Saul
Published: September 2024

The Supersymmetry Genomics project aims to classify supermultiplets by properties like adinkras and holoraumy. The project’s protocol is: (1) set up the SUSY transformation rules (and action) with unknown numerical coefficients, (2) solve those coefficients and (3) compute desired properties, e.g. non-closure geometry (the non-closure functions in the anticommutator of supercovariant derivatives) and holoraumy (the commutator of supercovariant derivatives). This paper provides the first broadly applicable computer algorithms for completing these computations, comprising a new Cadabra module we call “SusyPy”. We provide a significant extension of the available tensor arithmetic/canonicalization to include spinor-indexed expressions and NW–SE convention, and we provide a new Fierz expansion algorithm for spinor-indexed expressions. On top of this new tensor–spinor symbolic algebra, we have built algorithms for solving for the coefficients of a multiplet and its action, and for computing holoraumy, for both off-shell and on-shell [Formula: see text] multiplets of any dimension. We apply our tools to assimilate linearized 11D, [Formula: see text] supergravity into the Genomics project. We demonstrate solving the 11D, [Formula: see text] multiplet, as in Cremmer, Julia and Scherk, in a few lines of code, and we provide a comprehensive picture of the multiplet’s non-closure geometry. Further, we provide the first-ever computation of the holoraumy of 11D, [Formula: see text] supergravity.
Closed causal curves in f(ℛ,𝒜,AμνAμν) gravity
Authors: Ahmed F. , de Souza J. C. R. , Santos A. F.
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we investigate a [Formula: see text] solution of Einstein field equations, an extension of [Formula: see text] Misner space in the context of Ricci-inverse ([Formula: see text])-gravity theory. For that, we consider two different class, namely, Class-II model which is defined by the function [Formula: see text] and Class-III model defined by the function [Formula: see text]. Here, [Formula: see text] is the anti-curvature tensor with [Formula: see text] as its scalar, and [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar. Using this [Formula: see text] metric as background, the modified field equations for Ricci-inverse gravity were derived and obtain the results. These derived field equations are then solvable by choosing the pure radiation field as the energy-momentum tensor, including a cosmological constant as does in the general relativity. This implies that the chosen [Formula: see text] space-time is a valid solution in this novel gravity theory, and thereby violate the causality condition, analogous to general relativity.
CTF-Net: Partial Focus Searching within Holistic Structure for Fine-Grained Object Recognition
Authors: Li Jintao , Wei Bing , Hao Kuangrong , Gao Lei , Chen Lei , Liu Xiaoyan
Published: September 2024

Most fine-grained visual recognition methods endeavor to directly locate discriminative regions in intricate environments, but tend to overlook the object’s holistic structure, which may lead to misclassification due to overemphasizing incorrect areas. In this paper, we propose a coarse-to-fine paradigm, which prioritizes locating holistic structural regions of the target object, followed by a gradual search to locate discriminative areas. Specifically, we first design the “look into object” module to locate the areas encompassing the target’s holistic structure using prior information. Subsequently, without introducing additional parameters, we design a partial focus searching module to enhance feature representations of discriminative regions within the target’s structural composition. Ultimately, we segregate the foreground components from the original image, attaining a more precise characterization of the target. Furthermore, we demonstrate the practical application potential of our model in real-world industries through our self-constructed DHU-Fine-grained-6000 dataset. Comparative experiments on three public datasets indicate that the superiority of our approach over many recent methods and holds promising application potential in industrial production processes.
MASS and COLREGS–Adaptability, Challenges and Coping Strategies
Authors: Ma Wen , Chen Mingqiao , Huang Xintong , Zeng Yaxin
Published: September 2024

Discussions surrounding Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are occurring in academia, industry, and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). Automatic collision avoidance, as one of the key technologies of MASS, is the core of the autonomous navigation function of MASS, and its role is to solve the autonomous collision avoidance problem during MASS navigation. Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) is a fundamental basis for automatic collision avoidance, and the navigation of MASS should adhere to it. However, the applicability of MASS to COLREGS has not yet been resolved. Responding to these issues, the paper proceeds to analyze the principal challenges of MASS to COLREGS in terms of the application of MASS to good seamanship, the neglect provision, the lookout provision, the insight of one another provision, and the problems of the deviation provision. Furthermore, suggestions are put forth for the revision of COLREGS, including the mode of revision, the reconstruction of MASS collision liability, the long-term coexistence of MASS and traditional ships, and the risk control of COLREGS revision in the context of artificial intelligence. These suggestions aim to establish a foundation for a more effective adaptation to the advent of the MASS era.
Chaotic Dynamics of a Two-Dimensional Spatiotemporal Discrete System with Delayed Perturbations
Authors: Zhang Xuanxuan , Liang Wei , Zhang Yongjun
Published: September 2024

This paper is mainly concerned with the existence of chaos in a two-dimensional spatiotemporal discrete system with delayed perturbations. By applying the snap-back repeller theory, two criteria of chaos in the sense of both Li–Yorke and Devaney are established. Moreover, the lower bounds of the parameters that make the system chaotic are obtained. Finally, an example and its computer simulations of the dynamical behavior, spatiotemporal graphs, and the trends of the largest Lyapunov exponents with respect to the initial values and parameters are given to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results.
Rota–Baxter operators and skew left brace structures over Heisenberg group
Authors: Rathee Nishant
Published: September 2024

Rota–Baxter operators on groups have been recently defined in [L. Guo, H. Lang and Y.  Sheng, Integration and geometrization of Rota–Baxter Lie algebras, Adv. Math. 387 (2021) 107834], and they share a close connection with skew braces, as demonstrated in [V. Bardakov and V. Gubarev, Rota–Baxter groups, skew left braces, and the Yang–Baxter equation, J. Algebra 587 (2022) 328–351]. In this paper, we classify all Rota–Baxter operators of weight 1 on the Heisenberg Lie algebra of dimension 3 up to the Jordan canonical form of a [Formula: see text] matrix block by automorphisms of the Heisenberg Lie algebra. Using the fact that the exponential map from the Heisenberg Lie algebra to the Heisenberg group is bijective, we induce these operators on the Heisenberg group. Finally, we enumerate all skew left brace structures on the Heisenberg group induced by these Rota–Baxter operators.
On groups whose cogrowth series is the diagonal of a rational series
Authors: Bishop Alex
Published: September 2024

We show that if a group contains [Formula: see text] as a finite-index subgroup, then its cogrowth series is the diagonal of a rational function for every generating set. This answers a question of Pak and Soukup on the cogrowth of virtually abelian groups; and generalizes a result by Elder, Rechnitzer, Janse van Rensburg, and Wong on the cogrowth series of the Baumslag–Solitar groups [Formula: see text].
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TUBERCULOSIS WITH DRUG RESISTANCE IN THE PRESENCE OF OPTIMAL CONTROL: A CASE STUDY IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Ayele Tigabu Kasie , Doungmo Goufo Emile Franc , Mugisha Stella
Published: September 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is a transmittable bacterial infection, and it is one of the main health problems worldwide. This infection is preventable and can be cured with an appropriate treatment. The mathematical modeling technique could be applied successfully to investigate the transmission dynamics and provide the proper control measures of transferable diseases inclusive TB. In this paper, we developed a mathematical model of TB with drug resistance TB (DR-TB) in the presence of optimal control. We considered the two diseases — drug sensitive TB (DS-TB) and drug resistance TB. They affect the country Ethiopia. The DS-TB can be cured by first-line anti-TB drugs. However, once the tubercle bacilli begins it resistance to one or more anti-TB drugs, the DR-TB appears. This type of TB is difficult for the physicians to detect the strains. It is also expensive to treat. We analyzed the model and discussed the basic elements such as equilibrium points, basic reproduction number, stabilities of equilibrium points and possibility of bifurcation. The analytical result showed that if the threshold quantity [Formula: see text], the disease-free equilibrium is stable, whereas if [Formula: see text], the endemic equilibrium (EE) is stable. When [Formula: see text], a backward bifurcation appears. We extended the model by proposing strategies such as preventive effort, case finding control and case holding control. In this study, four different strategies are introduced based on different combination measures. Moreover, the optimal control problem is examined both analytically and numerically. The finding suggested that optimal combination strategies are used to reduce both the disease burden and the cost of intervention.
ON THE CHAOTIC NATURE OF A CAPUTO FRACTIONAL MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF CANCER AND ITS CROSSOVER BEHAVIORS
Authors: DERESSA CHERNET TUGE , MUKHARLYAMOV ROBERT G. , NABWEY HOSSAM A. , ETEMAD SINA , AVCI İBRAHIM
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a three-dimensional mathematical model of cancer, incorporating tumor cells, host normal cells, and effector immune cells, is examined. The chaotic nature of this cancer model is explored within the framework of Caputo fractional calculus. The analysis employs local stability assessment using the Matignon criteria, Lyapunov exponents (LEs) for various fractional orders of derivatives, bifurcation plots reflecting changes in the fractional derivative order, simulation outcomes of a novel chaotic attractor, Kaplan–Yorke dimension, and sensitivity to initial conditions. The results demonstrate that the Caputo fractional cancer model exhibits chaotic behavior for selected parameters. Moreover, the fractional derivative orders significantly influence the extent of chaotic behavior. Specifically, as the fractional derivative order increases from zero to one, the intensity of chaos diminishes, evidenced by a decrease in both the LE and the Kaplan–Yorke dimension. A piecewise modeling approach is applied to the cancer model, incorporating deterministic, stochastic, and power-law behaviors. Three distinct scenarios are developed within this framework, revealing several novel crossover behaviors through simulation. Notably, it is observed that when cancer dynamics initially follow a power-law behavior and subsequently transition into a stochastic process, the disease dynamics can stabilize, suggesting a positive outlook for disease control. Conversely, if the cancer dynamics begin with a deterministic process and then shift to a stochastic process, the system may enter a chaotic state, complicating disease management efforts.
PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER COMPUTING AND OPTIMIZATION OF OPTICAL OTFS 5G WAVEFORM USING HYBRID FRACTAL-BASED SIGNAL PROCESSING ALGORITHM
Authors: KUMAR ARUN , MAASHI MASHAEL , ALSHAHRANI HAYA MESFER , ARASI MUNYA A. , YAHYA ABDULSAMAD EBRAHIM , NANTHAAMORNPHONG AZIZ , ALJABRI JAWHARA , ALZAHRANI YAZEED
Published: September 2024

Optical orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) is better at handling Doppler shifts and multipath fading, making signals more reliable and valuable in places with much movement beyond the fifth generation (B5G). Using practical power amplifiers at the transmitter causes power inefficiency and signal distortion because of the OTFS system’s high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), severely reducing system efficiency. Combining partial transmit sequence (PTS) and selective mapping (SLM), a technique known as PTS+SLM, reduces peak power. While SLM generates numerous phase-modulated signal candidates and chooses the one with the lowest PAPR, PTS separates the signal into sub-blocks and optimizes their phases to decrease peak power. With few changes to the signal structure, this dual strategy effectively reduces PAPR while improving power spectral density (PSD) efficiency. As a result, we ensure the accuracy and dependability of the transferred data by maintaining the bit error rate (BER). Fractal optimization methods could be applied to these algorithms. For example, fractal-inspired optimization techniques might be used to explore the phase space more effectively or to discover new phase sequences that result in lower PAPR. According to the simulation findings, the suggested PTS+SLM method works better than the traditional PTS and SLM methods.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL, PREPARATION TECHNIQUES AND CONTAINMENT MATERIAL WITH DIFFERENT MOLTEN SALTS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM
Authors: PREM KUMAR M. , MANIKANDAN M.
Published: September 2024

Molten salts are extensively used as high-temperature heat transfer media and thermal energy storage (TES) materials in concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Molten salt corrosion is a critical factor influencing the safe operation of the system. This work comparatively summarizes various factors influencing molten salt corrosion, including temperature, impurities, alloy composition and gas atmosphere. Additionally, the corrosion mechanisms of nitrate, carbonate, chloride, and fluoride-based mixture salts are meticulously reviewed. The demand for high-temperature storage is indeed increasing, driven by the need for more efficient and sustainable energy solutions. High-temperature storage systems, particularly those utilizing phase change materials (PCMs) and molten salts, play a key role in enhancing energy efficiency and reducing carbon footprint. By improving the efficiency of energy storage and reducing the need for fossil fuels, high-temperature storage systems help decrease greenhouse gas emissions, contributing to the fight against global warming. The paper focused on enhancing the corrosion resistance of container materials in terms of improving PCM thermal conductivity and stability.
Ground state of one-dimensional Fermion–Phonon systems
Authors: Miyao Tadahiro , Okida Seigo , Tominaga Hayato
Published: September 2024

A new framework for the reflection positivity, based on order-preserving operator inequalities, is proposed. This framework is utilized to investigate one-dimensional fermion–phonon systems, with a particular focus on the detailed examination of ground state properties. Our analysis reveals that the reflection positivity provides a consistent description of the charge-density-wave (CDW) order in such systems. Additionally, we establish the existence of CDW long-range order in the ground state when the Coulomb interaction is long range.
Robust Targeted Energy Transfer with Asymmetric Nonlinear Energy Sinks Under Random Excitations
Authors: Motato Eliot
Published: September 2024

This study introduces an Asymmetric Nonlinear Energy Sink (ANES) to enhance robust Targeted Energy Transfer (TET) in vibration control. Traditional cubic Nonlinear Energy Sinks (NES) often struggle with varying excitation levels in random vibrations. The ANES integrates a cubic NES, extra inertia, and asymmetric stiffness components like a tension-only rope, two linear springs, and a viscous damper. The rope adds asymmetric stiffness by only applying tension force. This setup effectively absorbs vibrational energy across different levels of excitation, facilitating energy transfer from low-damped to high-damped modes. Numerical simulations demonstrate the ANES’s superior performance compared to traditional NES, supported by modal energy redistribution, Nonlinear Normal Modes (NNM) analysis, and Frequency-Energy Plots (FEP). These findings suggest that this type of ANES is a promising advancement for practical NES applications in vibration control.
Experimental Study on Vibration Reduction Performance of Strongly Nonlinear Vibration Absorption Meta-Structure
Authors: Wang Jikang , Chen Jianen , Yao Minghui , Sun Min , Zhang Junhua
Published: September 2024

A vibration absorption meta-structure with strong nonlinear stiffness is proposed by combining concepts of the vibration absorber and meta-structure. An experimental setup comprising the meta-structure and a primary oscillator is designed. The results of ultraslow linear sweep and fixed-frequency harmonic excitation tests show that the meta-structure can suppress the vibrations of the primary oscillator with different stiffnesses. Moreover, the meta-structure changes the resonance frequency band of the test system to an acceptable range when softer springs are used in the primary oscillator. The primary oscillator and meta-structure have almost the same phase when the resonance occurs, resulting in an acceptable change. Another meta-structure mode is activated as its frequency increases, inducing an additional resonance band when a harder spring is attached. Furthermore, permanent magnets are installed in the meta-structure to form a bistable characteristic, and the influences of the number of magnets on the vibration reduction are analyzed. When the meta-structure has twelve magnets, the high-frequency resonance peak is eliminated because the magnets can suppress the second mode of the meta-structure. The wavelet analysis is conducted to detect the frequency components. The meta-structure results in energy spread from the excitation frequency to the other frequencies.
Dynamic Analysis of a 600-m-High Supertall Building Subjected to Long-Period Ground Motions, Ordinary Ground Motions and a Super Typhoon: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Zi-Hang , Li Qiu-Sheng
Published: September 2024

Long-period ground motions pose potential risks to the safety and serviceability of supertall buildings, which was not paid sufficient attention in the past of structural seismic design. To address this issue, the comparative study presented in this paper systematically investigates the dynamic responses of a 600-m-high supertall building subjected to natural hazards including long-period ground motions, ordinary ground motions and a super typhoon with the same return periods of 50 years. The seismic responses and wind-induced responses of the supertall building are obtained based on the building’s finite element model under earthquake excitation records and structural health monitoring system installed in the skyscraper, respectively. The long-period ground motions cause larger dynamic responses of the supertall building than those resulted by the ordinary ground motions or the super typhoon. This combined study of numerical analysis and field measurement provides valuable insights into the dynamic responses of a supertall building under different natural hazards, especially the long-period ground motions. The findings are expected to be of interest and practical use to the design of supertall buildings.
The nonisospectral integrable hierarchies associated with Lie algebras 𝔰𝔭(4) and 𝔰𝔬(3,2)
Authors: He Baiying , Gao Siyu
Published: September 2024

Based on Lie algebras [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we derive two kinds of [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonisospectral integrable hierarchies. Moreover, we obtain their Hamiltonian structures. At the same time, by using the TAH scheme, two kinds of [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonisospectral integrable hierarchies and the corresponding Hamiltonian structures are obtained. Finally, by using [Formula: see text], we obtain that there are the same integrable hierarchies of these two isomorphic Lie algebras.
Adoption of E-Commerce in Developing Nations: Insights From Low- and Middle-Income Consumers
Authors: Bashar Shafiul , Wang Daoping , Babu Md. Shaiful Islam , Rafiq Marwah
Published: September 2024

The research attempts to determine the inclination toward embracing e-commerce, focusing on the satisfaction of low- and middle-income consumers with online services and their ability to navigate a secure online platform. We examine our hypothesis with survey technique. The questionnaire was adapted from prior studies. The research was carried out through empirical methods, utilizing a convenience sample of 290 participants from various locations in Barishal, Chattogram, Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Mymensingh, and Sylhet, from Bangladesh. SMARTPLS was used for analysis of the gathered data. The findings demonstrated that the desire to utilize e-commerce is strongly and positively predicted by perceived risk, social influence, and facilitating aspects. This study addresses the gap by identifying and understanding these three aspects together, beyond contextual barriers, that influence e-commerce adoption among low- and middle-income consumers in Bangladesh. The study contributes to the understanding of e-commerce adoption in emerging markets by providing a comprehensive, theoretically grounded model that identifies key institutional and contextual elements influencing online shopping behavior. The insights gained offer valuable implications for policymakers and e-commerce platforms aiming to enhance user engagement in online shopping. However, the lack of thorough study that addresses problems outside contextual imperatives limits our knowledge of what motivates e-commerce in Bangladesh. This study examines a comprehensive, theoretically developed model that find the pertinent institutional and contextual elements that might lead to the uptake of online shopping in underdeveloped countries.
Superstition and Self-governance in Indian Country
Authors: Murtazashvili Ilia , Palida Ali
Published: September 2024

We consider the role of superstition as a governance institution in Native American cultures. We focus on the way medicine men contribute to self-governance. Medicine men contribute to welfare of American Indians in at least two ways: improving public health and facilitating self-governing collective action. One way that medicine men contribute to collective well-being is by establishing a shared mental model. Although these models may not align with contemporary scientific accuracy, they offer practical knowledge, foster unity, and enhance the ability of Native Nations to respond to crises in an environment in which federal and state governments are unreliable or hostile.
Quantifying vertical borehole heat exchanger sustainability from a geothermal resource perspective in the UK
Authors: Receveur Mylène , McDermott Christopher Ian , Fraser-Harris Andrew , Gilfillan Stuart , Watson Ian
Published: September 2024

Low-temperature geothermal energy is viewed as a renewable resource that could contribute to the decarbonization of residential heating in the UK. Here, we constrain the geothermal potential of the shallow subsurface to provide the heating requirements of a typical single-family house via a vertical borehole heat exchanger (BHE), to provide a preliminary framework for the heat resource licensing of such systems. Through analytical and numerical models, we calculate the heat balance for a typical house with a garden located in a Carboniferous sedimentary basin, which represents a large proportion of the UK land mass and the regions where energy poverty is more common. Neglecting the heat recharge via groundwater flow, our results indicate that geothermal, solar heat flux and radiogenic heat production can only replenish up to 5% of the heat extracted annually by a 100 m-long BHE in heat extraction-only mode. The lack of natural recharge causes the continuous expansion of the thermal footprint at an average rate of 18 m
2
 a
−1
over 30 years, considering a ground thermal conductivity of 2.2 W m
−1
 °C
−1
, with the area cooled by 1°C extending beyond the current minimum BHE spacing guidelines of 6 m. In Scotland, reinjecting
c
. 35% of the yearly heat requirements, which could be accomplished through borehole thermal energy storage, is shown to safeguard against resource over-exploitation and interference risks between neighbouring users in the majority of the high-demand areas. In view of a large deployment of BHEs, it is crucial to incorporate such reinjection strategies into a regulatory framework to ensure a resilient and sustainable utilization of shallow geothermal resources.
EADRE: Event-type Aware Dynamic Representation of Entities in Document-level Event Extraction
Authors: Zhang Guangjun , Zhang Hu , Li Ru , Tan Hongye
Published: September 2024

Document-level event extraction aims to identify event types and arguments from one document. However, existing methods fail to consider semantic distinctions between multiple mentions of one entity and ignore dynamic representation of entities across multiple events simultaneously. Therefore, the models cannot capture flexible and specific entity representations in different event types. In this article, we propose EADRE (
E
vent-type-
A
ware
D
ynamic
R
epresentation of
E
ntities). Specifically, we use cross-attention between mentions and event-type prototypes to obtain event-type-aware mention features. Then, we propose ASGate (
A
daptive
S
oft
G
ate), which adaptively selects mention features to reduce the influence of event-unrelated mentions. EADRE introduces no more than 1% new parameters compared with the base model and has good transportability. Experiments on two public datasets show that EADRE improves the performance of multi-event extraction by 2.6% and 3.1%, as well as outperforms previous state-of-the-art baselines by 0.2% and 1.6%, with lower resource consumption without the use of pre-trained models. Further experimental analysis shows that EADRE significantly improves extraction performance in O2M and M2M multi-event scenarios.
RNA: Relightable Neural Assets
Authors: Mullia Krishna , Luan Fujun , Sun Xin , Hašan Miloš
Published: September 2024

High-fidelity 3D assets with materials composed of fibers (including hair), complex layered material shaders, or fine scattering geometry are critical in high-end realistic rendering applications. Rendering such models is computationally expensive due to heavy shaders and long scattering paths. Moreover, implementing the shading and scattering models is non-trivial and has to be done not only in the 3D content authoring software (which is necessarily complex), but also in all downstream rendering solutions. For example, web and mobile viewers for complex 3D assets are desirable, but frequently cannot support the full shading complexity allowed by the authoring application. Our goal is to design a neural representation for 3D assets with complex shading that supports full relightability and full integration into existing renderers. We provide an end-to-end shading solution at the first intersection of a ray with the underlying geometry. All shading and scattering is precomputed and included in the neural asset; no multiple scattering paths need to be traced, and no complex shading models need to be implemented to render our assets, beyond a single neural architecture. We combine an MLP decoder with a feature grid. Shading consists of querying a feature vector, followed by an MLP evaluation producing the final reflectance value. Our method provides high-fidelity shading, close to the ground-truth Monte Carlo estimate even at close-up views. We believe our neural assets could be used in practical renderers, providing significant speed-ups and simplifying renderer implementations.
KBX: Verified Model Synchronization via Formal Bidirectional Transformation
Authors: Zhao Jianhong , Zhao Yongwang , Yao Peisen , Zeng Fanlang , Zhan Bohua , Ren Kui
Published: September 2024

Complex safety-critical systems require multiple models for a comprehensive description, resulting in error-prone development and laborious verification. Bidirectional transformation (BX) is an approach to automatically synchronizing these models. However, existing BX frameworks lack formal verification to enforce these models’ consistency rigorously. This paper introduces KBX, a formal bidirectional transformation framework for verified model synchronization. First, we present a matching logic-based BX model, providing a logical foundation for constructing BX definitions within the

\(\mathbb{K}\)

framework. Second, we propose algorithms to synthesize formal BX definitions from unidirectional ones, which allows developers to focus on crafting the unidirectional definitions while disregarding the reverse direction and missing information recovery for synchronization. Afterward, we harness

\(\mathbb{K}\)

to generate a formal synchronizer from the synthesized definitions for consistency maintenance and verification. To evaluate the effectiveness of KBX, we conduct a comparative analysis against existing BX frameworks. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of KBX in constructing a BX between UML and HCSP for real-world scenarios, showcasing an 72% reduction in BX development effort compared to manual specification writing in

\(\mathbb{K}\)

.
Solar Flare Spectroscopy
Authors: Fletcher Lyndsay
Published: September 2024

This review covers the techniques, observations, and inferences of solar flare spectroscopy. It is not a spectroscopist's view of solar flares but rather a solar flare physicist's view of spectroscopy. Spectroscopy is carried out across the electromagnetic spectrum, but this review emphasizes the optical to soft X-ray part of the spectrum and discusses results from spectroscopy applied to the preflare, impulsive, and gradual phases, as well as a few highlights from modeling.
▪The main spectroscopic signatures of the preflare phase are line broadening in optically thin ultraviolet to soft X-ray lines and small Doppler shifts in active region filaments that are becoming unstable.▪In the impulsive phase, fast upflows of heated plasma into the corona and slow downflows of cooler chromospheric plasma take place at the sites of strong chromospheric energy deposition.▪Radiation-hydrodynamic modeling of optically thick spectral lines gives a picture of an impulsive-phase chromosphere with a dense, heated layer deep in the atmosphere and an overlying, downward moving condensation that is partially optically thin.▪Gradual-phase observations show us the heated coronal plasma cooling and draining but also provide evidence for ongoing slow energy input and slow upflows in other locations.▪Interesting hints of non-Maxwellian and nonequilibrium plasmas have been found, along with possible evidence of plasma turbulence from line broadening.
How Bacteria Establish and Maintain Outer Membrane Lipid Asymmetry
Authors: Tan Wee Boon , Chng Shu-Sin
Published: September 2024

Gram-negative bacteria build an asymmetric outer membrane (OM), with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and phospholipids (PLs) occupying the outer and inner leaflets, respectively. This distinct lipid arrangement is widely conserved within the Bacteria domain and confers strong protection against physical and chemical insults. The OM is physically separated from the inner membrane and the cytoplasm, where most cellular resources are located; therefore, the cell faces unique challenges in the assembly and maintenance of this asymmetric bilayer. Here, we present a framework for how gram-negative bacteria initially establish and continuously maintain OM lipid asymmetry, discussing the state-of-the-art knowledge of specialized lipid transport machines that place LPS and PLs directly into their corresponding leaflets in the OM, prevent excess PL accumulation and mislocalization, and correct any lipid asymmetry defects. We critically assess current studies, or the lack thereof, and highlight important future directions for research on OM lipid transport, homeostasis, and asymmetry.
Advancements in Assays for Micro- and Nanoplastic Detection: Paving the Way for Biomonitoring and Exposomics Studies
Authors: Shao Kuanliang , Zou Runyu , Zhang Zhuoyue , Mandemaker Laurens D.B. , Timbie Sarah , Smith Ronald D. , Durkin Amanda M. , Dusza Hanna M. , Meirer Florian , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Alderete Tanya L. , Vermuelen Roel , Walker Douglas I.
Published: September 2024

Although plastic pollution and exposure to plastic-related compounds have received worldwide attention, health risks associated with micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests MNPs are present in human biofluids and tissue, including blood, breast milk, stool, lung tissue, and placenta; however, exposure assessment is limited and the extent of human exposure to MNPs is not well known. While there is a critical need to establish robust and scalable biomonitoring strategies to assess human exposure to MNPs and plastic-related chemicals, over 10,000 chemicals have been linked to plastic manufacturing with no existing standardized approaches to account for even a fraction of these exposures. This review provides an overview of the status of methods for measuring MNPs and associated plastic-related chemicals in humans, with a focus on approaches that could be adapted for population-wide biomonitoring and integration with biological response measures to develop hypotheses on potential health effects of plastic exposures. We also examine the exposure risks associated with the widespread use of chemical additives in plastics. Despite advancements in analytical techniques, there remains a pressing need for standardized measurement protocols and untargeted, high-throughput analysis methods to enable comprehensive MNP biomonitoring to identify key MNP exposures in human populations. This review aims to merge insights into the toxicological effects of MNPs and plastic additives with an evaluation of analytical challenges, advocating for enhanced research methods to fully assess, understand, and mitigate the public health implications of MNPs.
The alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA 568487 dampens inflammation in PBMCs from patients with newly discovered coronary artery disease
Authors: Mjörnstedt Filip , Wilhelmsson Rebecka , Ulleryd Marcus , Hammarlund Maria , Bergström Göran , Gummesson Anders , Johansson Maria E.
Published: September 2024

The α7nAChR is an important regulator of inflammation; however, its anti-inflammatory function in patients with newly diagnosed coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unclear. We demonstrate that stimulation of α7nAChR with PHA 568487 attenuates the inflammatory response in immune cells extracted from healthy controls and patients with newly diagnosed CAD, with a more pronounced effect observed in patients with CAD. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory properties of α7nAChR may have a role in treating chronic inflammatory diseases.