bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testimonio literario latinoamericano: un debate sin fin
Authors: Pérez Hernández Aylen
Published: July 2022

A pesar de la “institucionalización” y el reconocimiento del testimonio por la crítica literaria, el género continúa siendo blanco de diversas disputas que lo (mal)tratan en el fuego cruzado entre la literatura y las ciencias sociales. En la tentativa de aproximar una actualización a dichos debates (objetivo principal), dentro de los cuales se incluyen variadas y extensas aristas, la autora del artículo ha ido en busca de algunos fieles creyentes y practicantes del género: los galardonados con el Premio Literario Casa de las Américas en la modalidad de testimonio. El artículo propone así, en un inicio, un breve acercamiento teórico al tema y, en un segundo momento, un espacio dialógico y reflexivo sostenido tanto por los criterios de los entrevistados como por los análisis sugeridos en torno a sus obras galardonadas. Parte de estas entrevistas inéditas que acá se comparten ponen de manifiesto que las posturas tan heterogéneas sobre la manera de asumir la escritura testimonial varían, entre otros motivos, según la disciplina académica ejercitada por el profesional. El debate, que incluye a periodistas, escritores, sociólogos, antropólogos y cineastas, propone un acercamiento renovado al tema y ratifica la idea de que las disputas permanecen lejos de llegar a su fin.
Crustal deformation of the Central Indian Ocean, south of Sri Lanka as inferred from gravity and magnetic data
Authors: Ravi Kumar Sistla
Published: July 2022

Bathymetry, gravity, and magnetic data across the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) along a WE track between 5°N to 1°N latitudes and 77°E to 90°E longitudes are used to identify crustal deformation due to tectonic features such as the Comorin Ridge, 85°E ridge, Ninety East Ridge, and major fracture zones. The tectonic features were interpreted along the North Central Indian Ocean using 2D gravity modelling to understand the origin and tectonic activity of the subsurface features. The Comorin Ridge is coupled with gravity anomalies with small amplitude varying 25–30 mGal in comparison with the ridge relief which suggests that the ridge is compensated at deeper depths. The focus of the present study is to prepare a reasonable crustal model of the Central Indian Ocean using gravity and magnetic data. The crustal depths of the Central Indian Ocean Basin (CIOB) determined from gravity data using the spectral method are compared with the 2D gravity modelling results. It has been observed that the crustal depths obtained from the Spectral method are in good correlation with results obtained from 2D gravity modelling. The average basement depths for the profiles were obtained as ~5 km and perhaps deviated approximately 1–2 km from the mean. In the case of curie isotherm, the crustal depths vary 9–12 km for all magnetic profiles which may indicate deformation.
Developmental changes in story-evoked responses in the neocortex and hippocampus
Authors: Cohen Samantha S , Tottenham Nim , Baldassano Christopher
Published: July 2022

How does the representation of naturalistic life events change with age? Here, we analyzed fMRI data from 414 children and adolescents (5–19 years) as they watched a narrative movie. In addition to changes in the degree of inter-subject correlation (ISC) with age in sensory and medial parietal regions, we used a novel measure (between-group ISC) to reveal age-related shifts in the responses across the majority of the neocortex. Over the course of development, brain responses became more discretized into stable and coherent events and shifted earlier in time to anticipate upcoming perceived event transitions, measured behaviorally in an age-matched sample. However, hippocampal responses to event boundaries actually decreased with age, suggesting a shifting division of labor between episodic encoding processes and schematic event representations between the ages of 5 and 19.
Gene ssa-miR-301a-3p improves rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) resistance to heat stress by targeting hsp90b2
Authors: Liu Zhe , Ma Fang , Kang Yujun , Liu Xiaoxia
Published: July 2022

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a cold-water fish that is commonly harmed by high temperatures. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are being investigated intensively because they act as essential metabolic regulators and have a role in the heat stress response. Although there have been numerous studies on rainbow trout heat stress, research on miRNA implicated in rainbow trout heat stress is quite restricted. Rainbow trout were sampled at 18 and 24 °C, respectively, to examine the mechanism of miRNA under heat stress, and we identified a heat stress-induced miRNA, ssa-miR-301a-3p, for further investigation based on our bioinformatics analysis of rainbow trout small RNA sequencing data. Bioinformatics research suggested that hsp90b2 is a probable target gene for ssa-miR-301a-3p. QRT-PCR was used to confirm the expression levels of ssa-miR-301a-3p and hsp90b2. Meanwhile, the dual-luciferase reporter assay was employed to validate the ssa-miR-301a-3p-hsp90b2 targeted connection. The results indicated that at 24 °C, the relative expression of ssa-miR-301a-3p was considerably lower than at 18 °C. On the other hand, hsp90b2 expression, followed the opposite pattern. The binding of ssa-miR-301a-3p to the 3′-UTR of hsp90b2 resulted in a substantial decrease in luciferase activity. The findings showed that ssa-miR-301a-3p was implicated in heat stress, and our findings provide fresh insights into the processes of miRNA in response to heat stress in rainbow trout.
Vanguardias mirando al Este y al Sur. Los festivales de música contemporánea en Cuba y su relación con la Europa Oriental y Latinoamérica (1959-1990)
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo (España), Morales Flores Iván César
Published: July 2022

La actividad musical contemporánea cubana entre 1959 y 1990 se caracterizó por ser una de las más prolíficas y atrayentes de su joven historia. Fueron los Festivales de Música Contemporánea de los Países Socialistas (1974-1985), las Jornadas de Música Cubana Contemporánea (1978-1986) y los Festivales de Música Contemporánea de La Habana (1984-actualidad), los espacios por excelencia para el impulso de nuevas técnicas, estéticas y toma de contacto con una expectante vanguardia musical internacional y política. La dinámica de intercambios de la música y la cultura cubanas con el exterior en el tenso escenario mundial de la Guerra Fría tuvo, por una parte, como eje central a los países del bloque socialista y, por otra, fue un arduo canal de comunicación con las nacientes vanguardias latinoamericanas. Ahondar en el desarrollo de esta dinámica ambivalente de intercambios estéticos e ideológicos, devenido en “territorio-red” contrahegemónico y antimperialista, constituye el objetivo del presente trabajo, cuyas fuentes principales de consulta engloban un variado número de programas de conciertos, folletos, grabaciones, correspondencias, así como reseñas, entrevistas y artículos localizados en publicaciones periódicas de la época.
Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Tax Sheltering; Evidence from Quoted Tax Aggressive Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Ngozi Okpala , Emeka Omaliko
Published: July 2022

This study empirically examined the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and tax sheltering of publicly traded tax aggressive companies in Nigeria. To determine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and tax sheltering, corporate governance mechanisms were measured with CEO share ownership, directors' remuneration, board independence and board diligence, while tax sheltering was proxy using effective tax rate. The hypotheses formulated to guide the study and the statistical testing of the parameter estimates were worked out using the OLS regression model using STATA V.15. The ex post facto design was adopted and the data for the study was sourced from the published annual financial reports of all tax aggressive companies classified under ICT Sector, Health Care Sector and Oil & Gas Sector of the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGL) covering from 2013-2021. The results indicate that corporate governance mechanisms having significant and positive association with tax sheltering of listed tax aggressive companies in the country. The study concludes that corporate governance mechanisms ensure tax sheltering for tax aggressive companies. The study however suggests that firms’ board should consider the percentage and proportion of CEO’s share ownership concentration, pay higher remuneration to the board members, increasing the number of independent directors in their board and also consider in composition of the board of directors, their level of expertness, expertise, intelligence and proficiency as these led to tax sheltering among the quoted firms in Nigeria.
Assessment of the Integrated Challenges of Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Authors: Nancu Dumitru , Popescu Lavinia , Safta Adela Sorinela
Published: July 2022

The evolutionary impact of the interdependence of the progress of the common economic policy in response to climate change, the current study and empirically explores the general challenges closely related to the productivity costs of agricultural systems. The vision of the tiered approach of the new Common Agricultural Policy to the effects of climate change, based on development areas, provides an important volume of information on the allocated financial resources in terms of adaptation to environmental conditions. Also, the importance of forest areas in plain areas in terms of protecting agricultural and forestry crops from climate variables is highlighted in the research. The evolution of the agricultural systems industry has been one of the main research points in Europe and not only knowing that agriculture is both a cause of greenhouse gas emissions but also a need to regulate these emissions at the ground level. Methodological data were extracted from the databases of available data provided by Eurostat, Agridata, and Corine. Since deforestation is a consequence of projections of forestry practices in relation to carbon capture, the evolution of land surfaces through the conversion of forest areas is a priority, the role of forest regenerations analyzed by the impact of GHG emissions,. The research highlights that agriculture faces a complex challenge of climate change due to its vulnerabilities to its effects, its role as a major source of GHG emissions and its potential to remove carbon from the atmosphere.
Probiotic Potentials of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Fermented Foods
Authors: Wejinya Adenike O. , Obinna-Echem Patience C. , Barber Lucretia I. , Giami Sunday Y.
Published: July 2022

This study investigated the probiotic potentials of seven lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains at different temperatures, pH, and bile salt concentrations. Their antimicrobial activity and antibiotic susceptibility were also determined. There were significant (P˂0.05) differences in the LAB growth at 45-650C with viable counts ranging from 4.28-8.34 Log10 Cfu/ml after 48 h. The LAB strains showed significant (P˂0.05) increase at pH 2, 2.5 and 3 after 3 and 6 h. L. parabuchneri LMG was viable at 45 and 65oC with 99.30 and 65.00% survival respectively. The LAB showed high resistance to 0.3% bile salt at 97.90%. L. plantarum CIP was viable with 95.40% survival at pH 3.0 after 3 h. All the LAB strains were susceptible to cefuroxime (20 µg/ml) and erythromycin (10 µg/ml) at 13.00-45.00 mm zone of inhibition (ZOI). They had strong antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 15313. Leuconostoc mesenteroides LM and L. brevis ATCC inhibited the five tested food borne pathogens with ZOI varying from 8.00-26.00 mm. The results from this study showed that the LAB strains isolated from fermented foods had probiotic potential and can be used for research and commercial purposes.
Effect of Different Sowing Environment on Growth Parameters, Yield and Yield Components of Chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.) Varities
Authors: Kumar Mandeep , Khan Naushad , Sachan Ravindra , Tiwari Abhishek
Published: July 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2019-20 in sandy loam    soil of C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Nawabganj, Kanpur (U.P.).The experiment consisted nine treatments combinations comprised of three sowing date/ sowing temperature viz., sowing on November 10 with temperature 220C, November 20 with temperature 170C and November 30 with temperature 160C and three variety viz, KWR-108, KPG-59 and KGD-1168. Results revealed that sowing temperature 220C which occurred on November 10 in combination with variety KGD-1168 produced significantly higher growth parameters such as plant population, plant height, number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation and crop growth rate. It is also evident from data that variety KDG-1168 sown on November 10 has been associated with highest no. of pods plant-1, no. of seeds plant-1, no. of seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield plant-1, seed yield (q ha-1) because fulfilment of optimum thermal requirement for various plant processes. High temperature during-reproductive stage adversely affected the number of pods plant,-1 number of seed pod-1 in late sowing (November 30) which ultimately resulted in the lowest seed yield. It can be elaborated from the results that variety KGD-1168 produces higher yield and benefit in the central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh.
AmpC Beta-Lactamase Prevalence in Isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Enugu, Nigeria
Authors: Maduakor Uzoamaka Charity , Ajiromanus Immaculate C. , Onyemelukwe Anulika Obianuju
Published: July 2022

Background: Pathogenic bacteria with beta lactamase-resistant determinants have emerged, posing a worldwide health threat. They confer resistance to a large array of \(\beta\) -lactam agents and \(\beta\)-lactam inhibitors. Aim: This study evaluated the prevalence and resistance profiles of plasmid-mediated AmpC \(\beta\) -lactamase producing isolates among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical and environmental sources in the Enugu metropolis. Methodology: The work was done in the Microbiological Laboratory of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla. A total of 150 non-duplicate isolates processed in the microbiology laboratories of three referral hospitals and some private laboratories were used in this study including 85 and 65 isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae respectively. Isolates were identified and characterized using standard microbiological protocols. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion procedure. Phenotypic detection of AmpC \(\beta\)-Lactamase production was determined using Cefoxitin/Cloxacillin double-disc synergy (CCDST). Results: Of the 67 isolates of E. coli from clinical samples, AmpC production was confirmed in 20(29.9%) and of the 18 isolates from environmental sources, only 5(27.8%) were confirmed. Of the 60 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from clinical samples 16(26.6%) were AmpC producers while 1(20%) out of the 5 isolates from environmental samples was an AmpC producer. The prevalence of AmpC \(\beta\)-lactamase producers was 28%. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of AmpC producers in clinical and environmental isolates in E.coli and Klesiella pneumoniae p = .86 and p = .74 respectively. Antimicrobial resistance was high in both AmpC and non-AmpC \(\beta\)-lactamase producers. Impenem’s susceptibility was found in 75.4 percent of the isolates.

Conclusion: This research revealed a high prevalence of AmpC beta-lactamase in the Enugu metropolis. The identification of AmpC beta-lactamase enzymes regularly is crucial to preventing therapeutic failures. The proper usage of antimicrobial drugs is critical.
In vitro Callus Induction of Catunaregam spinosa Using Leaves as Explant
Authors: Lawrence P. K. , Senarath W. T. P. S. K. , Munasinghe M. L. A. M. S.
Published: July 2022

Aims: C. spinosa (Family Rubiaceae) is a valuable medicinal since years ago. A protocol was developed including best sterilization and best medium for callus induction of C. spinosa using leaf discs as explants.

Methodology: Sterilization protocol optimized using different concentrations of Carbendazim® (0.2,

0.3%) and Clorox (10, 15%) exposing to different time intervals (10, 15 min). Percentage survival and contaminations were calculated. Best medium was optimized using different concentrations of 6-Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) (1.0-6.0 mg L-1). Growth regulators free Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used as control. Completely randomized design was followed with ten replicates in each concentration. Days taken to initiate calli, morphological characteristics and mean dry weights of calli were evaluated after 3 months of incubation.

Results: Leaf discs sterilization with 0.3% Carbendazim for 10 min, 10 % Clorox for 10 min and 70% ethanol for 30 sec followed by two washings in sterile distilled water was found to be best sterilization protocol. It recorded lowest percentage contamination (13.34%) and highest percentage survival (86.66%) after 8 weeks. No observable changes were found in calli grown in growth regulators free MS medium. Calli growth and morphologies were significantly affected by the type of growth regulator and their concentrations in MS medium. Color of the calli varied from white opaque to yellow brown to green and the texture from foamy, loose, and friable to compact. Best medium with 1.0 mg L-1 BAP and 3.0 mg L-1 NAA produced green friable calli with 0.0969±0.01 g mean dry weight after 3 months. Some traits were found to be depended on synergetic effect of growth regulators and genotypic characteristics of explant.

Conclusion: The study provides a better sterilization protocol and medium for in vitro calli induction and growth of C. spinosa.
Reconciling Aboriginal and White Australians by Negotiating Spatial Boundaries in The Secret River:
Authors: Sumaryani Sri , Anam Zuhrul
Published: July 2022

The dichotomic concept of space between white and Aboriginal Australians has been widely used in the colonial discourse. Through The Secret River, Grenville dismantles the binary oppositions that serves as the main strategy for colonization. We argue that space as a medium of negotiation is used as her strategy to involve in the national reconciliation movement. Postmemory is employed to explain the strategy of choosing spatial locations that links with Grenville’s intergenerational memories. The analysis reveals that the boundaries created by the settlers upon the disputed land cannot successfully cover the chaotic and heterogenous nature of the Aboriginal Dharug land. Instead, the previous characteristics of the land keep appearing as a form of resistance. During the attempt, the settlers slowly recognize the similar nature of the Dharug’s living space to theirs. The process represents the ongoing understanding between the two parties which signifies the spirit of the national reconciliation movement.
Disnarration in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day
Authors: Khosravi Sareh
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT

This study discusses the disnarrated in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day by focusing on Gerald Prince’s ideas on the disnarrated. According to Prince, disnarration refers to events that have not happened but have been mentioned in the narrative. There are two modes for representing disnarration in the narrative of the novel: implicit and explicit. In the former, the disnarrated is represented by techniques like symbols, metonymies and foil characters. In the later, it is explicitly stated that a particular event could have happened but have not happened. However, based on Ishiguro’s preoccupation with the suppression of meaning, the majority of disnarrated narratives are implicit rather than explicit. The narrator’s implicit remarks signify his lost opportunities for the things he could have. Nearly at the ending of the novel, however, the narrator offers a more honest attitude to the readers by explicitly talking about his regrets and lost opportunities.
Pitalkhora
Authors: Morrissey Nicolas
Published: July 2022

Pitalkhora was a rock‐cut Buddhist monastic complex located in the Western Deccan region of India. The site was comprised of a series of excavated
vihāras
(residential caves for monks) and
caitya
halls (devotional halls containing
stupas
). The monastery at Pitalkhora was originally established during the second century
bce
to the second century
ce
, and was again briefly occupied during the late fifth and early sixth centuries
ce
.
Śuṅgas
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: July 2022

The Śuṅga Dynasty was founded by Puṣyamitra Śuṅga after he overthrew the last Maurya ruler, Bṛhadratha. Magadha was the nucleus of the kingdom. Śuṅga rule, with its center at Pāṭaliputra, seems to have embraced territories to the right bank of the Indus, the middle Ganga Plain, the upper Ganga Valley, and eastern Malwa. The usurpation of the throne by Puṣyamitra Śuṅga is referred to in the Purāṇas and the
Harṣacarita,
a much later text (early seventh century
ce
) written by Bāṇ̣abhaṭṭa, the court poet of King Harṣavardhana of Kanauj. The Śuṅgas were Brahmins. Puṣyamitra performed two horse sacrifices, which alludes to his military success. During Śuṅga rule there were Greek incursions into their territory, which is known from Patañjali's
Mahābhāṣya
. The Kāṇvas, who perhaps began their political career as subordinates of the Śuṅgas (the Purāṇas call them
Śuṅga bhṛtyas
), ended the Śuṅga kingdom.
Indo‐Parthians
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: July 2022

The Indo‐Parthians succeeded the Indo‐Scythians in the Indo‐Iranian borderlands. Their history is known mostly from their coins. The first ruler was Gondophares, whose kingdom extended from Seistan through Arachosia, to the Kabul Valley and over Gandhāra to the Jammu‐Pathankot area. Their coins were divided into four principal categories. The reign of Gondophares could be fixed approximately between ca. 20 and 45
ce
. The accepted chronological sequence after Gondophares is Abdagases I, Orthagnes, Hybouzanes/Ubouzanes, Pacores, Sanabares, Abdagases II, Sarpedanes, and Sases. The kingdom collapsed as a result of a major invasion by the Kushanas under Kujula Kadphises.
Subordinate Rulers of the Guptas
Authors: Kumar Ashish
Published: July 2022

In the reign of Samudragupta and Candragupta II, the Gupta kingdom claimed to occupy the lands between the Himalayas and the Vindhyas, and their subordinate ruling houses in peripheral areas rose to prominence. In the Mālava region of Central India, the Valkhās, Aulikaras, and Sanakānīkas emerged during the reign of Samudragupta and Candragupta II and during the reign of Skandagupta the Maitrakas emerged in Gujarat. In eastern Madhya Pradesh, the Parivrājakas and the Uchchakalpas became prominent during the reign of Budhagupta and his successors. In eastern India Uparika‐Mahārājas in Puṇḍravardhana, Mahārāja Nāthacandra in Samataṭa, and Mahārāja Vainyagupta established themselves and their ruling houses. These subordinate rulers/ruling houses in the peripheral areas constituted the first line of defense against external aggression, and their presence transformed the Gupta kingdom into a political system that was neither highly centralized nor fragmented. With the changing fortunes of the Gupta rulers in battle, these subordinate rulers/ruling houses changed their relations with the Guptas and they did not miss any opportunity made available by the weakening of Gupta authority to declare their autonomy.
Later Guptas
Authors: Ghosh Suchandra
Published: July 2022

The Later Guptas were one of the major powers of eastern India after the disintegration of Gupta rule. They ruled in Magadha and partly in Malwa from about the sixth century
ce
to the late seventh century
ce
. The main sources are two epigraphs, the Aphsad inscription of Ādityasena, which introduces a ruling family from Kṛṣṇagupta to Ādityasena, and the Deo Baranark inscription of Jīvitagupta II from Ādityasena to Jīvitagupta II. Bāṇa's
Harṣacarita
and the records of the Chinese pilgrims Xuanzang and Yijing mention them. In
Gauḍavaho
, Vākpati refers to the victory of King Yaśovarman of Kanauj against the king of Magadha, who was in all possibility Jīvitagupta II, arguably the last important ruler of the dynasty.
Chu
Authors: Lai Guolong
Published: July 2022

This entry briefly describes the history of the state of Chu in South China from the Western Zhou to the Warring States periods.
Densification and Strengthening of Ferrous‐Based Powder Compacts Through Cold Sintering Aided Warm Compaction
Authors: Paradis Linsea , Waryoba Daudi , Robertson Kyle , Ndayishimiye Arnaud , Fan Zhongming , Rajagopalan Ramakrishnan , Randall Clive A.
Published: July 2022

Cold sintering of surface‐modified iron compacts results in a co‐continuous phosphate interphase between iron particles that provide both enhanced green strength and green density similar to the process that has been successfully introduced in low‐temperature densification of ceramic materials. Relative density as high as 95% along with transverse rupture strength of ≈ 75 MPa, which is almost six times that of conventional powdered metal iron compact and 2.5 times that of warm compacted controls, is achieved. Dilatometry study at different pressures shows a small but significant improvement in densification process during cold sintering relative to the larger densification of warm compacted control. Strength model based on microstructural analysis as well as in situ diffused reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) experiments reveals the nature of the interphase that imparts the large cohesive strength under the cold sintered assisted warm compaction. The process is conducive to produce iron compacts for green machining. Furthermore, the samples when subjected to high‐temperature sintering yield a fully sintered iron compact with density > 7.2 g cm−3 and transverse rupture strength as high as 780 MPa. All in all, there are major new opportunities with the cold sintered assisted warm compaction of powdered metals that will also be discussed.
Anomalous Thermoelectric Transport Phenomena from First‐Principles Computations of Interband Electron–Phonon Scattering
Authors: Fedorova Natalya S. , Cepellotti Andrea , Kozinsky Boris
Published: July 2022

The Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity are two central quantities to be optimized simultaneously in designing thermoelectric materials, and they are determined by the dynamics of carrier scattering. Here a new regime is uncovered where the presence of multiple electron bands with different effective masses, crossing near the Fermi level, leads to strong energy‐dependent carrier lifetimes due to intrinsic electron–phonon scattering. In this anomalous regime, electrical conductivity decreases with carrier concentration, Seebeck coefficient reverses sign even at high doping, and power factor exhibits an unusual second peak. The origin and magnitude of this effect is explained using a general simplified model as well as first‐principles Boltzmann transport calculations in recently discovered half‐Heusler alloys. General design rules for using this paradigm to engineer enhanced performance in thermoelectric materials are identified.
Strong Interaction over Ru/Defects‐Rich Aluminium Oxide Boosts Photothermal CO2 Methanation via Microchannel Flow‐Type System
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Xing Chuanshun , Yang Fan , Liu Zhen , Wang Yijie , Dong Tianjiao , Zhao Lili , Liu Hong , Zhou Weijia
Published: July 2022

The CO2 methanation is an important component of the “power to gas” strategy, and the Ru‐Al2O3 catalyst is considered to be a state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for this reaction. Conventional Ru‐Al2O3 is prepared by wet impregnation. Due to weak interactions between Ru and the Al2O3, construction of a controllable interface between the metal and the substrate is still challenging. In this work, a UV pulse laser is used to controllably construct ultra‐small Ru nanoparticles on defects‐rich Al2O3‐x‐L in situ grown on Al foil (Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L) for effective photothermal CO2 methanation. The catkin‐like fluff Al2O3‐x‐L efficiently traps light to ensure the light adsorption of Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L. The defects in Al2O3‐x‐L efficiently anchors Ru. A Strong‐Metal‐Support‐Interaction (SMSI) effect is constructed between the ultra‐small Ru nanoparticles and the Al2O3‐x‐L. The Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L exhibits remarkable photothermal catalytic performance (CH4 yield of 12.35 mol gRu−1 h−1) in the closed batch system. Then an innovative flow reactor is established based on the one‐piece Ru‐Al2O3‐x‐L microchannel catalyst. Thanks to local pressure on the edge of the microchannels, the CH4 yield is further enhanced to 14.04 mol gRu−1 h−1. Finally, an outdoor setup demonstrates the feasibility of photothermal CO2 methanation (CH4 yield of 18.00 mmol min−1). This work provides novel perspectives for the construction of multi‐level micro/nanostructures integrated catalysts for photothermal CO2 methanation.
[4+1] Cyclization of α‐CF3 Carbonyls with Hydrazides: Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Mao Kuantao , Ma Yangyang , Lv Leiyang , Li Zhiping
Published: July 2022

A facile protocol for the synthesis of 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles has been developed by [4+1] cyclization of α‐CF3 carbonyls and hydrazides. This method employs readily available starting materials and the reaction conditions are simple and mild. Synthetic transformation of the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole product has also been investigated.
Enabling energy‐efficient manufacturing of pharmaceutical solid oral dosage forms via integrated techno‐economic analysis and advanced process modeling
Authors: Sampat Chaitanya , Kotamarthy Lalith , Bhalode Pooja , Chen Yingjie , Dan Ashley , Parvani Sania , Dholakia Zeal , Singh Ravendra , Glasser Benjamin J. , Ierapetritou Marianthi , Ramachandran Rohit
Published: July 2022

The global pharmaceutical industry is a trillion‐dollar market. However, the pharmaceutical sector often lags in manufacturing innovation and automation which limits its potential to maximize energy efficiency. The integration of techno‐economic analysis (TEA) with advanced process models as part of an overarching smart manufacturing platform, can help industries create business models, which can be adapted for manufacturing to reduce energy consumption and operating costs while ensuring product quality which can further enable a more sustainable process operation. In this study, a rational design of experiment on three unit‐operations (wet granulation, drying, and milling) was performed on a batch (case 1) and continuous (case 2) pharmaceutical process to obtain experimental data. Process models for predicting product quality and energy efficiency of each of the three‐unit operations were developed. The experimental data were used to validate the models and good agreement was observed. The energy consumption of each unit operation was calculated using statistical models relating the power consumption and the process parameters. The developed process models and energy models were further integrated into a TEA framework, which quantified the energy and monetary cost of manufacturing for both batch and continuous manufacturing cases. With this integrated framework, energy costs savings of ~33% was obtained in the continuous manufacturing process (case 2) over the batch process (case 1).
Enabling Sustainable Chemistry with Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Fad or the Future?
Authors: Quintana Aline Andrea , Sztapka Alaina Maria , Santos Ebinuma Valéria de Carvalho , Agatemor Christian
Published: July 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) debuted with a promise of a superior sustainability footprint due to their low vapor pressure. However, their toxicity and high cost compromise this footprint, impeding their real‐world applications. Fortunately, their property tunability through a rational selection of precursors, including bioderived ones, provides a strategy to ameliorate toxicity, lower cost, and endow new functions. This Review discusses whether ILs and DESs are sustainable solvents and how they contribute to sustainable chemical processes.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes Encapsulated within Metallacycles
Authors: López‐Moreno Alejandro , Ibáñez Susana , Moreno‐Da Silva Sara , Ruiz‐González Luisa , Sabanés Natalia Martín , Peris Eduardo , Pérez Emilio M.
Published: July 2022

Mechanically interlocked derivatives of carbon nanotubes (MINTs) are interesting nanotube products since they show high stability without altering the carbon nanotube structure. So far, MINTs have been synthesized using ring‐closing metathesis, disulfide exchange reaction, H‐bonding or direct threading with macrocycles. Here, we describe the encapsulation of single‐walled carbon nanotubes within a palladium‐based metallosquare. The formation of MINTs was confirmed by a variety of techniques, including high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find the making of these MINTs is remarkably sensitive to structural variations of the metallo‐assemblies. When a metallosquare with a cavity of appropriate shape and size is used, the formation of the MINT proceeds successfully by both templated clipping and direct threading. Our studies also show indications on how supramolecular coordination complexes can help expand the potential applications of MINTs.
Design and Testing of Diagnostic MRI/MRS Applications Based On Signal Enhancement by Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization
Authors: Reineri Francesca
Published: July 2022

Parahydrogen‐induced polarization is a hyperpolarization method that exploits the spin order of hydrogen enriched in the para‐isomer, by means of a chemical reaction. Recently, its field of application has been extended significantly, through the introduction of non‐hydrogenative PHIP (i. e. SABRE) and of innovative h‐PHIP strategies that allowed to increase the intensity of the MR signals in molecules relevant for biological applications. This Concept article aims to show the potentialities of this hyperpolarization method in the field of diagnostics, through the discussion of some of the reported applications of parahydrogen polarized substrates. A section is also dedicated to the methods that have been introduced for the purification of parahydrogen polarized products, in order to make them suitable for biological studies.
Aging and autism: Do measures of autism symptoms, co‐occurring mental health conditions, or quality of life differ between younger and older autistic adults?
Authors: Yarar Esra Zıvralı , Roestorf Amanda , Spain Debbie , Howlin Patricia , Bowler Dermot , Charlton Rebecca , Happé Francesca
Published: July 2022

Previous research has indicated that autistic adults experience higher rates of co‐occurring mental health difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than their non‐autistic peers. Little is known, however, about these aspects in older age or whether younger and older autistic adults experience similar patterns This cross‐sectional study investigated potential age‐related effects on autism symptoms, self‐reported mental health, and QoL in younger and older autistic adults (n = 79, aged 19–71 years) compared to a non‐autistic control group (n = 57) matched for gender, age and IQ. Results showed that autistic adults had higher levels of self‐reported autism symptoms and poorer QoL than controls. There were no significant age effects on autism symptoms or on most self‐rated mental health symptoms. However, significantly more autistic adults in the younger versus older group scored above the clinical threshold for anxiety, somatoform disorders and eating disorders. Older autistic adults rated social QoL as significantly better than younger autistic adults; there was no significant age difference in the control group. Self‐reported QoL was best predicted by self‐ratings of severity of depressive symptoms in both groups. Further research is needed to track autism and co‐occurring mental health symptomatology across the lifespan, so that service provision can be tailored accordingly.

Lay Summary

Young autistic adults have reported more psychological difficulties and poorer quality of life (QoL) than the general population. We investigated whether these difficulties continue into older age. Autism symptoms and mental health problems were common in autistic adults, with no difference between age groups, except for anxiety, physical and eating problems. Although QoL was poorer in both younger and older autistic compared to non‐autistic adults, older autistic adults reported better social QoL than those who were younger.
Could inhibition of metalloproteinases be used to block the process of metastasis?
Authors: Alba Jesús , Barcia Ramiro , Gutiérrez‐Berzal Javier , Ramos‐Martínez Juan I.
Published: July 2022

Metastasis is a multisequential process that allows tumor cells to migrate to tissues distant from the primary tumor. Only a small number of cells escape from the primary tumor; however, the metastases generated are responsible for more than 90% of cancer deaths. Many metastatic processes initially require the total or partial start‐up of a program for the transformation of tumor epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells (EMT). The launching of the EMT program is stimulated by cytokines and other elements produced by the diverse types of cells composing the tumor stroma. In parallel, a process of destabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) takes place by means of the synthesis of proteases of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) family. EMC degradation allows the exportation of some tumor cells as mesenchymal cells to the circulatory system and their subsequent implantation in a tissue distant from the primary tumor. The blocking of these both processes appears as a hypothetical stop point in the metastatic mechanism. The present review deals with the different options to achieve the inhibition of MMPs, focusing on MMP7 as a target given its involvement in the metastatic processes of a wide variety of tumors.
Angiography versus FFR guided complete revascularization versus culprit‐only revascularization for patients presenting with STEMI: Network meta‐analysis
Authors: Okuya Yoshiyuki , Gohil Kavita , Moussa Issam D.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to compare the outcomes of different revascularization strategies among patients presenting with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). MVD is present in about one‐half of patients presenting with STEMI. Despite several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing complete revascularization (CR) and culprit‐only revascularization (COR), the optimal PCI strategy for STEMI patients with MVD remains unsettled. Moreover, it is unclear whether angiography‐guided CR or fractional flow reserve (FFR)‐guided CR is associated with better outcomes. PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched for RCTs comparing CR strategies with COR strategy in patients with STEMI between January 1, 2000 and September 30, 2021 were identified. A frequentist network meta‐analyses were performed for three PCI strategies: (1) COR; (2) angiography‐guided CR; and (3) FFR‐guided CR. Ten RCTs including 7979 patients were included. A strategy of angiography‐guided CR or FFR‐guided CR was associated with a significantly lower rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and unplanned revascularization compared with COR. Although there were no statistical significant difference between angiography‐guided CR and FFR‐guided CR, P score analysis showed that angiography‐guided CR was ranked as the best strategy for reducing MACE, all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization. In patients presenting with STEMI and MVD undergoing primary PCI, angiography‐guided CR or FFR‐guided CR improve outcomes compared with COR. Furthermore, the strategy of angiography‐guided CR ranked as the best revascularization strategy in those patients.
Numerical Analysis of Conjugate Heat Transfer of Supercritical CO2 and Pb‐Bi in Tube‐in‐Tube Channels
Authors: Ali Kashif , Qaisrani Mumtaz A. , Rehman Haseeb Ur , Ali Hafiz Muhammad , Rehman Zia Ur , Baluch Mansoor A.
Published: July 2022

This work presents a numerical analysis of conjugate heat transfer in an annular channel with turbulence models for supercritical CO2 (tube side) and Pb‐Bi (annular side) as working fluids to understand the impact of flow constraints and heat transfer. By using the Navier‐Stokes formulation and the energy equation clarifying concurrent flow buildup and conjugate heat transmittance in tubes, several turbulent Prandtl models were solved numerically. The turbulent Prandtl number Prt of Pb‐Bi was used to refine the consistency of the arithmetical simulation. By comparing Prt, temperature fluctuation, and heat flux density, it was concluded that the existing Prt model should be used with caution in the numerical calculation of liquid metals having low Pr. The heat transfer and flow phenomena at different Prt values are significantly different.
Ferroelasticity in Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Li Jie , Zhu Yang , Huang Pei‐Zhi , Fu Da‐Wei , Jia Qiang‐Qiang , Lu Hai‐Feng
Published: July 2022

Molecular ferroelastics have received particular attention for potential applications in mechanical switches, shape memory, energy conversion, information processing, and solar cells, by taking advantages of their low‐cost, light‐weight, easy preparation, and mechanical flexibility. The unique structures of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have been considered to be a design platform for symmetry‐breaking‐associated order–disorder in lattice, thereby possessing great potential for ferroelastic phase transition. Herein, we review the research progress of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite ferroelastics in recent years, focusing on the crystal structures, dimensions, phase transitions and ferroelastic properties. In view of the few reports on molecular‐based hybrid ferroelastics, we look forward to the structural design strategies of molecular ferroelastic materials, as well as the opportunities and challenges faced by molecular‐based hybrid ferroelastic materials in the future. This review will have positive guiding significance for the synthesis and future exploration of organic–inorganic hybrid molecular ferroelastics.
Tetrahalidometallate(II) Ionic Liquids with More than One Metal: The Effect of Bromide versus Chloride
Authors: Balischewski Christian , Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Sperlich Eric , Günter Christina , Beqiraj Alkit , Klamroth Tillmann , Behrens Karsten , Mies Stefan , Kelling Alexandra , Lubahn Susanne , Holtzheimer Lea , Nitschke Anne , Taubert Andreas
Published: July 2022

FifteenN‐butylpyridinium salts – five monometallic [C4Py]2[MBr4] and ten bimetallic [C4Py]2[M0.5aM0.5bBr4] (M=Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn) – were synthesized, and their structures and thermal and electrochemical properties were studied. All the compounds are ionic liquids (ILs) with melting points between 64 and 101 °C. Powder and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction show that all ILs are isostructural. The electrochemical stability windows of the ILs are between 2 and 3 V. The conductivities at room temperature are between 10−5and 10−6 S cm−1. At elevated temperatures, the conductivities reach up to 10−4 S cm−1at 70 °C. The structures and properties of the current bromide‐based ILs were also compared with those of previous examples using chloride ligands, which illustrated differences and similarities between the two groups of ILs.
Fusobacterium nucleatum impairs DNA mismatch repair and stability in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Hsueh Chi‐Yao , Lau Hui‐Ching , Huang Qiang , Gong Hongli , Sun Ji , Cao Pengyu , Hu Chunyan , Zhang Ming , Tao Lei , Zhou Liang
Published: July 2022

Background

Dysbiosis of the laryngeal microbiota has been demonstrated to the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but the association of Fusobacterium and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) with DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) has not been investigated.

Methods

The abundance of Fusobacterium and F. nucleatum, the status of deficient MMR (dMMR) and MSI, and MMR‐related gene expression were analyzed in 171 HNSCC tissues, 61 paired para‐tumor tissues, and 60 vocal cord polyp tissues. The molecular mechanism of F. nucleatum and MMR‐related gene expression were investigated in two human HNSCC cell lines (Tu 686 and FD‐LSC‐1).

Results

Our results demonstrated that a high Fusobacterium abundance was detected in the HNSCC tissues and was exaggerated in the recurrent patients. We further found that a high Fusobacterium abundance was detected in the HNSCC tissues with dMMR and MSI. The Fusobacterium abundance was negatively correlated with the expression of MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 in the HNSCC tissues. The Fusobacterium abundance was closely associated with the F. nucleatum abundance in the HNSCC tissues. F. nucleatum increased miR‐205‐5p expression to suppress MLH1, MSH2, and MSH6 expression via the TLR4‐ and MYD88‐dependent innate immune signaling pathway, resulting in dMMR, DNA damage, and cell proliferation in HNSCC.

Conclusions

F. nucleatum impacts HNSCC epigenetic changes in tissues with dMMR to promote DNA damage and cell proliferation by suppressing MMR‐related gene expression via the TLR4/MYD88/miR‐205‐5p signaling pathway, which is valuable in the development of efficient strategies for HNSCC prevention and treatment.

LAY SUMMARY

This study clearly indicates that Fusobacterium induced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) aggressiveness to affect poor prognosis in HNSCC patients by epigenetic alteration of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability. Moreover, the research has shown that Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ) impacts HNSCC epigenetic changes in tissues with deficient MMR to promote DNA damage and cell proliferation by suppressing MMRrelated gene expression via the TLR4/MYD88/miR‐205‐5p signaling pathway.
Non‐Precious Metal‐Doped Carbon Materials Derived From Porphyrin‐Based Porous Organic Polymers for Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Hanxue , Zhou Peilei , Tian Zhuoyue , Ye Xingyun , Zhu Zhaoqi , Ma Chonghua , Liang Weidong , Li An
Published: July 2022

The cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is important in the development of renewable energy devices, to produce novel and non‐precious metal catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity to reduce the consumption of non‐renewable platinum (Pt) catalyst. In this work, we developed N‐doped and Fe/N dual‐doped porous carbons as catalysts for ORR simply by high‐temperature pyrolysis of porphyrin‐based conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs). By combination of heteroatom doping, highly porous structure and tubular morphology, the as‐prepared carbon samples exhibited high electrocatalytic activity with 4‐electron transfer mechanism, nearly close to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. In particular, among these samples, the Fe/N‐CMP‐1000 displayed a higher onset potential (0.95 eV), positive half‐wave potential (0.85 eV) and limiting current density value (5.1 mA cm−2) as well as good durability and better methanol tolerance contrasting with Pt/C catalyst, suggesting that the as‐prepared metal‐free catalysts from porphyrin‐based CMPs show great potential for ORR.