bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crush syndrome: a review for prehospital providers and emergency clinicians
Authors: Usuda Daisuke , Shimozawa Shintaro , Takami Hiroki , Kako Yoshinobu , Sakamoto Taigo , Shimazaki Junya , Inoue Junichi , Nakayama Shinichi , Koido Yuichi , Oba Jiro
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Disasters and accidents have occurred with increasing frequency in recent years. Primary disasters have the potential to result in mass casualty events involving crush syndrome (CS) and other serious injuries. Prehospital providers and emergency clinicians stand on the front lines of these patients’ evaluation and treatment. However, the bulk of our current knowledge, derived from historical data, has remained unchanged for over ten years. In addition, no evidence-based treatment has been established to date.

Objective

This narrative review aims to provide a focused overview of, and update on, CS for both prehospital providers and emergency clinicians.

Discussion

CS is a severe systemic manifestation of trauma and ischemia involving soft tissue, principally skeletal muscle, due to prolonged crushing of tissues. Among earthquake survivors, the reported incidence of CS is 2–15%, and mortality is reported to be up to 48%. Patients with CS can develop cardiac failure, kidney dysfunction, shock, systemic inflammation, and sepsis. In addition, late presentations include life-threatening systemic effects such as hypovolemic shock, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Immediately beginning treatment is the single most important factor in reducing the mortality of disaster-situation CS. In order to reduce complications from CS, early, aggressive resuscitation is recommended in prehospital settings, ideally even before extrication. However, in large-scale natural disasters, it is difficult to diagnose CS, and to reach and start treatments such as continuous administration of massive amounts of fluid, diuresis, and hemodialysis, on time. This may lead to delayed diagnosis of, and high on-site mortality from, CS. To overcome these challenges, new diagnostic and therapeutic modalities in the CS animal model have recently been advanced.

Conclusions

Patient outcomes can be optimized by ensuring that prehospital providers and emergency clinicians maintain a comprehensive understanding of CS. The field is poised to undergo significant advances in coming years, given recent developments in what is considered possible both technologically and surgically; this only serves to further emphasize the importance of the field, and the need for ongoing research.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals multiple chemoresistant properties in leukemic stem and progenitor cells in pediatric AML
Authors: Zhang Yongping , Jiang Shuting , He Fuhong , Tian Yuanyuan , Hu Haiyang , Gao Li , Zhang Lin , Chen Aili , Hu Yixin , Fan Liyan , Yang Chun , Zhou Bi , Liu Dan , Zhou Zihan , Su Yanxun , Qin Lei , Wang Yi , He Hailong , Lu Jun , Xiao Peifang , Hu Shaoyan , Wang Qian-Fei
Published: August 2023

Background

Cancer patients can achieve dramatic responses to chemotherapy yet retain resistant tumor cells, which ultimately results in relapse. Although xenograft model studies have identified several cellular and molecular features that are associated with chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), to what extent AML patients exhibit these properties remains largely unknown.

Results

We apply single-cell RNA sequencing to paired pre- and post-chemotherapy whole bone marrow samples obtained from 13 pediatric AML patients who had achieved disease remission, and distinguish AML clusters from normal cells based on their unique transcriptomic profiles. Approximately 50% of leukemic stem and progenitor populations actively express leukemia stem cell (LSC) and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signatures, respectively. These clusters have a higher chance of tolerating therapy and exhibit an enhanced metabolic program in response to treatment. Interestingly, the transmembrane receptor CD69 is highly expressed in chemoresistant hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-like populations (named the CD69+ HSC-like subpopulation). Furthermore, overexpression of CD69 results in suppression of the mTOR signaling pathway and promotion of cell quiescence and adhesion in vitro. Finally, the presence of CD69+ HSC-like cells is associated with unfavorable genetic mutations, the persistence of residual tumor cells in chemotherapy, and poor outcomes in independent pediatric and adult public AML cohorts.

Conclusions

Our analysis reveals leukemia stem cell and OXPHOS as two major chemoresistant features in human AML patients. CD69 may serve as a potential biomarker in defining a subpopulation of chemoresistant leukemia stem cells. These findings have important implications for targeting residual chemo-surviving AML cells.
Effects of host species on microbiota composition in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies
Authors: Tabbabi Ahmed , Mizushima Daiki , Yamamoto Daisuke S. , Kato Hirotomo
Published: August 2023

Background

Blood-sucking phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. Although the intestinal microbiota is involved in a wide range of biological and physiological processes and has the potential to alter vector competence, little is known about the factors that modify the gut microbiota composition of sand flies. As a key step toward addressing this issue, we investigated the impact of host species on the gut bacterial composition in Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia sand flies reared under the same conditions.

Methods

Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplification and Illumina MiSeq sequencing were used to characterize the overall bacterial composition of three laboratory-reared sandflies: Phlebotomus papatasi, Ph. duboscqi, and Lutzomyia longipalpis.

Results

Our results showed that the larvae of the three sand fly species harbored almost the same microbes but had different relative abundances. Adult Ph. papatasi and Ph. duboscqi revealed similar microbiome compositions, which were distinct from that of adult Lu. longipalpis. Furthermore, we showed that Ph. papatasi and Ph. duboscqi are hosts for different bacterial genera. The experiment was repeated twice to improve accuracy and increase reliability of the data, and the same results were obtained even when a distinct composition of the microbiome among the same species was identified probably because of the use of different larvae food batch.

Conclusions

The present study provides key insights into the role of host species in the gut microbial content of different sand fly species reared under the same conditions, which may influence their susceptibility to Leishmania infection.

Graphical Abstract
Academic performance and social networks of adolescents in a caribbean city in Colombia
Authors: López-Sánchez Milton , Arango-Paternina Carlos Mario , Petro-Petro Jose , Lema-Gómez Lucía , Eusse-López Cleiber , Petro Jorge Luis , Watts-Fernández Willinton , Perea-Velásquez Fabio
Published: August 2023

Background

Social factors and networks of friends can influence an adolescent’s behavior, including academic performance (AP) in school. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between AP and adolescents’ social networks in a Caribbean city in Colombia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out with 806 schoolchildren from 12 to 17 years old of both sexes (52.7% girls), selected by multi-stage sampling from schools in the rural and urban areas of the city of Montería, Colombia. The AP was obtained from the school records; the sociodemographic variables included the location of the school (rural or urban), family structure, family functioning (Apgar score), and family affluence scale. Social network variables included social activity, popularity, reciprocity, homophily, friends’ academic performance, network size, network density, cluster of friends, and centrality.

Results

The AP was inversely associated with the Apgar score in boys. No associations of AP with the school location, family structure, family affluence scale, and age were observed. In social network variables, AP was positively associated with popularity and friends’ academic performance in girls and boys, and negatively associated with homophily in boys.

Conclusions

AP was associated with social network variables. These results could help implement interventions to improve adolescents’ social environment and AP.
TransInver: 3D data-driven seismic inversion based on self-attention
Authors: Li Kewen , Dou Yimin , Xiao Yuan , Jing Ruilin , Zhu Jianbing , Ma Chengjie
Published: August 2023

Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning (DL) for impedance inversion has been extended to multiple dimensions. Training multidimensional DL inversion requires extracting supervised information from sparse 1D well-log labels. Fully convolutional networks rely on their parameter sharing mechanism and receptive fields to achieve this, but their perceptual range is limited, making it difficult to capture long-term correlations in seismic data. The transformer is a type of network that is entirely based on self-attention, and it has demonstrated remarkable performance across various tasks and domains. However, its suitability for 3D seismic inversion is restricted by its high computational workload, fixed input size requirement, and inadequate handling of low-level details. The primary goal was to reengineer the self-attention mechanism to optimize its applicability for seismic impedance inversion tasks. The high-dimensional self-attention is decoupled into dual low-dimensional attention paths to reduce the computation of dense connections and matrix dot products. Shared parameters are used instead of full connection, allowing for flexible changes in input sizes by the network. In addition, its local modeling capabilities are enhanced by integrating it with the residual structure of the CNN. We name the resulting structure Self-Attention ResBlock, which is used as the basic unit for constructing TransInver. Comparative experiments indicate that TransInver performs significantly better than 3D methods such as UNet, TransUNet, HRNet, and 1D inversion methods. TransInver produces reliable inversion results using only nine well logs for SEAM Phase I and three well logs for the field data set of the Netherlands F3. This backbone network can deliver excellent inversion performance without depending on any auxiliary means such as low-frequency constraints or semisupervised frameworks.
Real-World Use of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography and Reported Deauville Scores in Advanced-Stage Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Community Oncology Practice Perspective
Authors: Yasenchak Christopher , Liu Nicholas , Beeks April , Fanale Michelle , Robert Nicholas , He Ding , Yu Kristina S.
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

To evaluate the use of interim positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans and Deauville 5-point scale (5PS) score reporting for stage III/IV classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) treated frontline (1L) in community oncology settings.

METHODS

This retrospective, observational study included adults with stage III/IV cHL initiating 1L doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD), brentuximab vedotin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine, or an escalated dosing regimen of bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone within the US Oncology Network between January 2017 and October 2019. Data were collected from electronic health records and chart reviews and summarized descriptively.

RESULTS

A total of 262 patients were included; 48.9% were age 39 years or younger. Most were male (57%), White (59%), had an International Prognostic Score <4 (76%), and received 1L ABVD (74%). Forty-nine percent of patients had stage III and 51% had stage IV cHL. Of 258 patients with ≥1 PET-CT scan, 71% (n = 184) had an interim scan and 64% received ≥1 scan at an off-site location. Of patients treated 1L with ABVD who received a baseline and interim scan, Deauville 5PS scores were not documented for 45% of patients; in 90% of these cases, a standardized uptake value (SUV) was reported.

CONCLUSION

In community oncology settings, under-reporting of Deauville 5PS scores for interim PET-CT scans was observed. In the absence of Deauville 5PS scores, SUV results were generally provided. These results highlight educational opportunities that exist for PET-adapted ABVD, including consistency in reporting/utilization of Deauville 5PS scores to de-escalate or escalate treatment.
Defining Priorities in Value-Based Cancer Care: Insights From the Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology National Cooperative Group Survey
Authors: Allen Casey J. , Snyder Rebecca A. , Horn Danea Marie , Hudson Matthew F. , Barber Anne , Smieliauskas Fabrice , Spears Patty A. , Edge Stephen , Greenup Rachel A.
Published: August 2023

PURPOSE

We determine how stakeholders prioritize the importance of oncologic outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and cancer-related health care costs.

METHODS

A survey was distributed to the National Clinical Trials Network Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology cooperative group membership from May 14 to June 30, 2022. Respondents were asked to rate (5-point Likert scale) and rank (1-9) evidence-based value domains: overall survival, treatment toxicities/complications, quality of life (QOL), financial toxicity, access to care, compliance with evidence-based care, health system performance, scientific discovery and innovation, and cost to the health care system.

RESULTS

A total of 514 members responded, including researchers (24.7%), nurses (19.5%), medical oncologists (17.9%), administrators (9.3%), surgical and radiation oncologists (9.1%), patient advocates (3.1%), and nonphysician providers (16.4%). Participants represented various practice settings including National Cancer Institute–designated cancer centers (29.8%), university-affiliated academic cancer centers (21%), hospital-owned oncology practices (21.8%), and others (27.4%). There was agreement in how respondents prioritized value domains (W = 0.39, P < .001). Respondents ranked patient QOL (mean rank: 2.6 ± 1.9) as most important above all other metrics including survival (mean rank: 3.5 ± 0.3) and access to care (mean rank: 3.5 ± 2.1; P < .001). Members engaged in direct patient care also ranked access to care of higher importance than nonclinicians ( P = .026). Cost to the health care system (mean rank: 7.5 ± 2.1) and health system performance (mean rank: 7 ± 2) were ranked as least important ( P < .001). Inclusion of PROs into therapeutic assessment (59.3%) was the most frequently selected priority of future cooperative group initiatives.

CONCLUSION

Oncology community stakeholders deemed patient-centered value domains as most important and considered patient QOL the highest priority. Inclusion of PROs into clinical trials was endorsed as an important component of therapeutic assessment. These findings can be taken into consideration when creating a value framework for inclusion in cancer clinical trials.
Elevated Blood Pressure and Aldosterone Dysregulation in Young Black Women Versus White Women on Controlled Sodium Diets
Authors: Yuan Yan Emily , Haas Andrea V , Rosner Bernard , Adler Gail K , Williams Gordon H
Published: August 2023

Context

Black women have a higher prevalence of hypertension as compared to White women. Differences in dietary sodium intake have been implicated as a contributing factor for the disparities in hypertension.

Objective

Our objective was to understand whether young Black women would have higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) than White women even on controlled sodium diets and to determine whether SBP differences were due to differences in dietary sodium intake and/or aldosterone regulation.

Design

The analyses included 525 hypertensive and normotensive women (ages 18-71) from the International Hypertensive Pathotype consortium, who were maintained on liberal sodium (LIB; >200 mEq sodium/day) and restricted sodium (RES; 10 mEq sodium/day) diets.

Results

Multivariate regression analyses (adjusted for age, race, study site, body mass index) found that Black women (ages 18-50) had significantly higher SBP than White women on both sodium diets: +8.7 ± 2.7 mmHg (P-value = .002) on a LIB diet and +8.5 ± 2.5 mmHg (P-value = .001) on a RES diet. Even among 18- to 35-year-olds—who were normotensive and nonobese—Black women had higher SBP: +7.9 ± 2.4 mmHg (P-value = .001) on a LIB diet and +7.6 ± 2.7 mmHg (P-value = .005) on a RES diet. Younger Black women also had higher plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity ratio (ARR) on both LIB and RES diets as well as a higher sodium-modulated aldosterone suppression-stimulation index—an indicator of aldosterone dysregulation. In younger Black women—but not in White women—there was a significant association between SBP and ARR on both LIB and RES diets.

Conclusion

Young Black women had increased SBP and ARR as compared to White women on LIB and RES diets, which offers insights into the possible mechanisms for the increased hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk in an at-risk and understudied population.
Haemorrhagic pericardial effusion as the presenting symptom of scurvy
Authors: Joulal Hajar , Yousfi Jaouad , Benjilali Laïla , Zahlane Mouna , Essaadouni Lamiaa
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Vitamin C deficiency (or scurvy) usually takes weeks to become apparent as cutaneous signs and impaired wound healing. Haemorrhagic pericarditis remains a rare complication of scurvy, which has never been reported as an isolated condition. We report the case of a haemorrhagic pericarditis revealing a vitamin C deficiency in a 56-year-old patient. Case description: A 56-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of worsening chest pain and dyspnoea, with no significant medical history. Upon admission, the patient exhibited tachycardia, tachypnoea, low blood pressure, elevated jugular venous pressure, muffled heart sounds and multiple petechiae on her lower limbs. An ultrasound revealed a large pericardial effusion, and an emergency pericardiocentesis was performed, which yielded haemorrhagic fluid without atypical cells. An initial workup including haemoculture, PT and PTT, tuberculosis workup, autoantibodies, tumour markers and infectious disease was negative. A whole-body CT scan showed no evidence of tuberculosis or lymphoma. Additional testing showed that her vitamin C level was <3 umol/L. Following stabilisation, high-dose vitamin C therapy was initiated. Subsequently, she showed continued clinical improvement and remained asymptomatic upon her discharge. Discussion: While uncommon, it is crucial to investigate vitamin C deficiency when confronted with an unexplained haemorrhagic pericardial effusion, particularly in patients with risk factors. Conclusion: Our case highlights the significance of early detection of this condition in promptly addressing the diverse complications of scurvy, thereby enhancing the prognosis of a potentially fatal condition.
Mirror neurons: the neural basis for self-awareness and emotional contagion
Authors: Jane Palmer Sarah
Published: August 2023

Mirror neurons have been an exciting finding in recent decades, helping to explain why one person can feel what another person feels or how two people behave in a similar way. However, the theory is not without its sceptics. Sarah Jane Palmer presents the neuroscientific findings that explore mirror neuron theory in further detail.
EANN 2023 conference summary: looking to the future and celebrating advancement in neuroscience nursing
Authors: Shepherd Andrea , Lyttle Diane , Cook Neal
Published: August 2023

Members of the British Association of Neuroscience Nurses provide a roundup and overview of the European Association of Neuroscience Nurses congress, which was held in Reykjavik, Iceland in May 2023.
Conservative management of multi-trauma induced peritonitis: Experience, outcomes, and indications
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhu Tao , Liu Jia-Kang , Ding Jun , Chen Lina
Published: August 2023

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
Non-retroareolar male mucinous breast cancer without gynecomastia development in an elderly man: A case report
Authors: Sun Qiang , Liu Xu-Yan , Zhang Qi , Jiang Hai
Published: August 2023

Insulin, a small protein with 51 amino acids synthesized by pancreatic β-cells, is crucial to sustain glucose homeostasis at biochemical and molecular levels. Numerous metabolic dysfunctions are related to insulin-mediated altered glucose homeostasis. One of the significant pathophysiological conditions linked to the insulin associated disorder is diabetes mellitus (DM) (type 1, type 2, and gestational). Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major underlying causes of metabolic disorders despite its association with several physiological conditions. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is another pathophysiological condition that is associated with IR, hypertension, and obesity. Further, several other pathophysiological disorders/diseases are associated with the insulin malfunctioning, which include polycystic ovary syndrome, neuronal disorders, and cancer. Insulinomas are an uncommon type of pancreatic β-cell-derived neuroendocrine tumor that makes up 2% of all pancreatic neoplasms. Literature revealed that different biochemical events, molecular signaling pathways, microRNAs, and microbiota act as connecting links between insulin disorder and associated pathophysiology such as DM, insuloma, neurological disorder, MS, and cancer. In this review, we focus on the insulin-related disorders and the underlying mechanisms associated with the pathophysiology.
Optically Important Cu2 ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Nanoparticles Synthesis using a Hydrothermal Route with Citric acid as a Structure Directing Agent
Authors: Pandey Bhavya , Goswami Y C
Published: August 2023

Copper zinc tin sulphide (CZTS) has emerged as a highly promising, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly material for solar energy conversion via photovoltaic and photocatalysis. This paper presents the synthesis of quasi Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles using a hydrothermal route with citric acid as a structure-directing agent. The CZTS nanoparticles' morphological, structural, and optical properties were comprehensively analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis absorption studies. The results demonstrate the successful synthesis of CZTS nanoparticles with a novel narrow size distribution, making them excellent candidates as absorber layers in solar cells. This discovery holds significant potential for advancing low-cost and efficient solar energy conversion technologies. By harnessing the unique properties of CZTS, this research offers a promising solution towards sustainable energy production and a greener future.
Assessing the Effects of Microwave Treatments on Rice Quality and Mortality of Adult Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais
Authors: McKay Tanja , Luthra Kaushik , Starkus Laura A. , Owusu Evans Ameyaw , Siebenmorgen Justin W. , Atungulu Griffiths
Published: August 2023

Highlights

The study provides insight to microwave technology and the effects of Sitophilus zeamais mortality on rough rice and brown rice that has been previously dried.

The mortality of S. zeamais was highest at 5 kW at 90 s, with 98 and 100% mortality for rough rice and brown rice, respectively.

Using a microwave power of 5 kW for 90 s on rough rice did not affect head rice yield (HRY), color, or pasting characteristics.

For brown rice, a shorter duration of 34 or 60 s at 5 kW or 3 kW for 90 s is recommended to avoid a reduction in HRY.

Abstract. A laboratory study was conducted to determine if an industrial microwave could kill Sitophilus zeamais infesting rough rice and brown rice. The rough rice and brown rice samples were comprised of previously air-dried long-grain hybrid (RT 7521 FP) cultivars at initial moisture contents of 11.3 and 12.7% wet basis (w.b.), respectively. Samples (250 g) were infested with ten S. zeamais adults and heated with a microwave power of 3 and 5 kW for 34, 60, and 90 s. The effects of microwave treatments on moisture, head rice yield (HRY), rice color, and pasting characteristics were evaluated. The mortality of S. zeamais was highest at 5 kW at 90 s, with 98% and 100% mortality for rough rice and brown rice, respectively. Rough rice treated at 5 kW at 90 s did result in significantly lower moisture content than the control; however, HRY, color, and pasting characteristics were not significantly different than the controls. Brown rice treated at 5 kW for 90 s resulted in lower moisture content, and there was a significant decrease in the HRY (28.4%) compared to the control (56.2%). No differences in color and some variations in pasting characteristics were observed when compared to the controls. For brown rice, we recommended a shorter duration of 34 or 60 s at 5 kW or 3 kW for 90 s be used to avoid a reduction in HRY and pasting characteristics. Keywords: Brown rice, Maize weevil, Microwave drying, Rough rice.
James Joyce, Displacement, Human Rights: Introduction
Authors: Jones Ellen Carol
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT: Joyce—as a "voluntary exile" and at times a forcibly displaced person—wrote at a time of colonialism, rebellions against imperialism, civil wars, world wars, genocidal persecutions, and the global movements of people. Migrants, refugees, asylum-seekers: these are the people fated to survive—if they survive—in what Hannah Arendt in The Origins of Totalitarianism calls the "barbed-wire labyrinth" of degrees of statelessness. Although Joyce was never forced into conditions of absolute statelessness as Jews in territories controlled by Nazis and Fascists were forced, his family and he were subjected to displacements from Austro-Hungarian Trieste during World War I and from Vichy France during World War II. This essay reconsiders these displacements, as well as Joyce's assistance to Jews to escape Nazi control, in relation to current global displacements and concerns about human rights. To write the history of the future—albeit a "future conditional"—Joyce explores the structural social injustices and power asymmetries of the past that still haunt and control the present. Of the over 103 million forcibly displaced people throughout the globe (approximately 1 of every 77 people worldwide), the majority will remain stateless for more than 15 years—or permanently—because no state acknowledges political or moral responsibility for them. By seldom admitting any but de jure refugees, governments refuse obligations to others who are stateless, rendering them politically, legally, and ontologically invisible. Belonging "to no internationally recognizable community whatever," they are thus, Arendt suggests in Responsibility and Judgment , outside "of mankind as a whole." The "future conditional" Joyce envisions, especially in Ulysses , stems from an ethics of commitment to those whose humanity others devalue.
The "Novelistic Wing of Human Rights": James Joyce, Roger Casement, and Hannah Arendt
Authors: Gibbons Luke
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT: In Ulysses , the universalism of Homer's Odyssey is not conceived as an abstract model or formal allegory but is reworked in terms of Irish historical links with the Levant and North Africa, not just the European legacy of classical Greece. In a related manner, the universalism of human rights espoused by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement to condemn atrocities in the Congo and Putumayo region of the Amazon was considered not in abstract terms but in relation to the ethical memory of Ireland's own "nightmare of history." For Hannah Arendt, such forms of "entailed inheritance" were the basis of human rights, but whereas she looked to rights to curtail oppressors in "civilized" societies, Casement extended rights to the oppressed themselves, decolonizing, like Joyce, the very language of civility.
Functional geometry of auditory cortical resting state networks derived from intracranial electrophysiology
Authors: Banks Matthew I. , Krause Bryan M. , Berger D. Graham , Campbell Declan I. , Boes Aaron D. , Bruss Joel E. , Kovach Christopher K. , Kawasaki Hiroto , Steinschneider Mitchell , Nourski Kirill V.
Published: August 2023

Understanding central auditory processing critically depends on defining underlying auditory cortical networks and their relationship to the rest of the brain. We addressed these questions using resting state functional connectivity derived from human intracranial electroencephalography. Mapping recording sites into a low-dimensional space where proximity represents functional similarity revealed a hierarchical organization. At a fine scale, a group of auditory cortical regions excluded several higher-order auditory areas and segregated maximally from the prefrontal cortex. On mesoscale, the proximity of limbic structures to the auditory cortex suggested a limbic stream that parallels the classically described ventral and dorsal auditory processing streams. Identities of global hubs in anterior temporal and cingulate cortex depended on frequency band, consistent with diverse roles in semantic and cognitive processing. On a macroscale, observed hemispheric asymmetries were not specific for speech and language networks. This approach can be applied to multivariate brain data with respect to development, behavior, and disorders.
How do middle-aged patients and their healthcare providers manage multimorbidity? Results of a qualitative study
Authors: Dinh Truc Sophia , Brünn Robin , Schwarz Christine , Brueckle Maria-Sophie , Dieckelmann Mirjam , González González Ana I. , van den Akker Marjan
Published: August 2023

Background

It is particularly difficult for healthcare providers to deliver optimal medical care to multimorbid middle-aged persons because patients’ professional activities, family lives, and other everyday responsibilities hinder them from making necessary lifestyle changes. Our aim was to find out how patients and healthcare providers view and manage the problems of dealing with multimorbidity in middle age.

Methods and findings

This qualitative study consisted of three steps. First, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 purposively sampled middle-aged persons living with multimorbidity to explore the experiences of care in the context of their leisure time, family lives, and work. Second, further individual interviews were carried out to find out the views of 14 healthcare providers. Third, the results of the interviews with patients and healthcare providers were presented to and discussed with four healthcare providers at an interprofessional workshop. Interview data was coded using an inductive-deductive approach and analyzed using content analysis. While patients reflected on challenges in several life domains, healthcare providers differentiated between levels of challenges. Both shared recommendations for better care including i) helping patients cope, ii) providing relief in activities of daily living, iii) continuity of care, iv) interprofessional cooperation, v) health promotion/prevention, vi) expansion of health services and vii) general system-level changes. Furthermore, the healthcare provider workshop highlighted the importance of increasing patient-centeredness, reducing complexity through a care coordinator and promoting interprofessional cooperation/networking.

Conclusions

To further improve the care of patients living with multimorbidity, barriers to managing multiple chronic conditions and facilitators to navigating complex care scenarios should be explored not only for people beyond working age, but for individuals in their mid-life specifically.
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extracts of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight and Arn. Leaves against Foodborne Pathogens
Authors: PATEL JITENDRA , SHIVA KUMAR G. , PATEL VIJAY K.
Published: August 2023

Pathogens spread on food items during the stages of storage, transit and processing. Thus, the eradication of these microorganisms holds significant importance. Ethanolic extract of Terminalia coriacea was used against Escherichia coli NCIM2134, Pseudomonas  aeroginosa NCIM2037, Klebsiella pneumonia NCIM2706, Bacillus subtilis NCIM2920, Staphylococcus aureus NCIM5345 and  Staphylococcus epidermidis NCIM5755 by disk diffusion and microdilution methods to evaluate the antibacterial activity. The ethanolic  extract of Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) leaves gave significant activity against all tested species of bacteria, which was compared to the  standard disinfectant of 0.1% of commercial chlorhexidine. The inhibitions zones ranged from 6.45 ± 0.82 to 9.52 ± 0.30 for different  bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 1.35 mg/mL and the  minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was observed, ranging from 0.73 mg/mL to 2.50 mg/mL. Based on the obtained results, it is  suggested that the T. coriacea demonstrates antimicrobial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial  strains commonly encountered in food products. This plant extract can be further developed for the sanitizing of food items.
Enhancing removal of pollutants from pharmaceutical wastewater using ferrites in Membrane Bioreactor: A promising technology for environmental sustainability
Authors: V Nithya , CHIRSABESAN B.
Published: August 2023

Industrial wastewater contains various toxic and hazardous pollutants that require effective treatment to meet environmental regulations. In recent years, silver-doped ferrites have gained attention as promising materials for the treatment of industrial wastewater in membrane bioreactor (MBR). In this abstract, we will discuss the potential of silver-doped nickel ferrite (AgNiFe2O4) and silver-doped potassium ferrite (AgKFe2O4) was synthesized by sol-gel technique for the removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater. AgNiFe2O4 and AgKFe2O4 nanoparticles have been found to be effective for the removal of various pollutants, including heavy metals, organic compounds, and dyes, from industrial wastewater. Several studies have reported the successful application of silver-doped ferrites for the treatment of industrial wastewater. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the single phase cubic spinel structure with space group Fd-3m and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) confirmed the surface morphology of the synthesized nanoferrites. The use of AgNiFe2O4 and AgKFe2O4 has been found to significantly reduce the concentration of pollutants in wastewater, making it suitable for safe discharge into the environment. Furthermore, the regeneration of silver-doped ferrites has been found to be simple and cost-effective, making them an attractive alternative to conventional wastewater treatment methods. In conclusion, silver-doped nickel ferrite and silver-doped potassium ferrite have shown great potential for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in MBR technique and ferrite materials make them promising candidates for future wastewater treatment technologies.
Solubility Studies of Sulfates of Copper, Zinc and Cobalt in Phosphoric Acid at 30 ºC
Authors: Samadiy Murodjon , RAMAZONOVA DILBAR , UMAROV SHAVKAT , SHAMISHOVA AISHOLPAN , MAMATOVA KHILOLA , AYAKULOV NURBEK , SAMADIY MURODJON
Published: August 2023

Present study reports the isothermal experiments conducted at 30 ºC to ascertain the solubility of copper, zinc and cobalt sulfates in phosphoric acid. The solubility diagram of CuSO4-H3PO4-H2O system is shown to have one branch, this is equivalent to the discharge of copper sulfate pentahydrate into the equilibrium solid phase. The solubility diagrams of zinc and cobalt sulfates have two branches of salt crystallization, corresponding to the release of hexahydrates and monohydrates of zinc and cobalt with increasing phosphoric acid content, saturated solutions in the ZnSO4-H3PO4-H2O and CoSO4-H3PO4-H2O systems become more viscous and denser, reaching a  maximum at the transition point, while these indicators in the CuSO4-H3PO4-H2O system only increase.
Research on Discharge Characteristics in Ultra-high Pressure Gases (Supercritical Fluids): A Brief Review
Authors: Niayesh Kaveh
Published: August 2023

This paper provides a review of the research on discharge characteristics in ultra high pressure gases (supercritical fluids) and discusses different applications in various fields. Followed by a summary on the investigations performed on the application of supercritical fluids for power switching purposes. A brief overview of the open research questions related to characterization of ultra high pressure switching arcs concludes the paper.
Transient Arc Characteristic of a Commutation Switch Utilizing High Velocity Contact Separation
Authors: Drebenstedt Christian , Jugelt Stefan , Schricker Klaus , Rock Michael
Published: August 2023

Commutation circuits are commonly used for low on state resistance and high current interruption capability if this can not be achieved by a single device or single current switching path. In case of fault detection, a very fast commutation of the current from the low-impedance main current path into the parallel high-current interrupting path is necessary. For single usage applications a low-cost approach is the utilization of a pyrotechnical switch in the low-impedance path. Compared to other electromechanical switches, those switches provide very high velocity of contact separation and thus a fast arc voltage rise with short commutation times. Here, measurements of the contact movement of a pyrotechnical switch were carried out using optical high speed imaging and an arc elongation up to 100ms−1 was calculated. From this, transient arc characteristics were measured in a simplified commutation network during the period until current zero in the low-impedance main current path.
Religious Rights and State Presence in John Locke's Liberalism Perspective (Reflections on the 1984 Tanjung Priok Case)
Authors: Salsabila Orchida Nadia , Ghofur Nilman , Mujib M. Misbahul
Published: August 2023

Upholding human rights as a part of international law without the presence of the state would seem impossible because the state is an essential element of international law. What is interesting is what happened in the 1984 Tanjung Priok Indonesia case, where human rights violations occurred because of the state's presence. The question is, how should the state's presence be? This study reflected on the 1984 Tanjung Priok case as a lesson on how countries should be involved in religious rights so as not to injure human rights. Answering that question, this study used a normative approach and John Locke's theory of liberalism. Furthermore, this study found that during the New Order era, the state's presence in civil rights was too deep, especially those related to religious rights. The presence of the state is indeed important, but the presence of the state, which is very dominant for reasons of political stability by depriving people of the right to practice their religion, cannot be justified. In addition, it is also unacceptable if the state reduces civil rights because of religious considerations. Although it is difficult, if the state has a certain ideology or religion, the state should not harm individual rights, including the rights of other religions and the religious rights of its citizens that are different. The state must not interfere too deeply or get too involved in its own ideology/religion, which then prohibits the religious rights of adherents of other religions who are its citizens.
Conhecimento e atitude dos endodontistas na interpretação de testes pulpares: estudo transversal baseado em questionários
Authors: Teja Kavalipurapu Venkata , Ramesh Sindhu , Vasundhara Kaligotla Apoorva
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A real vitalidade da polpa depende, principalmente, do suprimento sanguíneo, e não de uma resposta neural. Objetivo: Tomando esse conceito, o presente estudo avaliou o conhecimento e a atitude de endodontistas em relação à interpretação dos testes de sensibilidade pulpar para determinar a vitalidade da polpa. Material e Métodos: Um estudo transversal baseado em questionários foi realizado entre os endodontistas do estado de Tamil Nadu (Índia). O tamanho amostral foi determinado em 350. O questionário continha 16 perguntas fechadas, que foram aplicadas online, de forma aleatória, aos participantes. A análise dos dados foi feita usando estatística descritiva. Resultados: Ao analisar os dados, observou-se que 299 participantes preferiam utilizar testes de sensibilidade pulpar para o diagnóstico, enquanto apenas 3 participantes relataram usar o teste de vascularização da polpa. Apenas 87 participantes afirmaram que tanto a sensibilidade quanto a circulação sanguínea na polpa devem ser avaliadas para se determinar o real estado da polpa. A maioria dos participantes tinha conhecimento de que, no caso de dente traumatizado em que os vasos sanguíneos permanecem intactos, ocorre parestesia temporária. Conclusão: Esse estudo concluiu que os participantes têm conhecimento médio sobre a interpretação dos testes de vitalidade pulpar para determinar o real estado da polpa.
Prevalência de canais radiculares não redondos em pré-molares inferiores permanentes: um estudo piloto in vitro com TCFC
Authors: Kotyankar Aditi , Pawar Ajinkya Mansing , Banga Kulvinder Singh
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: O presente estudo piloto in vitro foi realizado para avaliar, usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC), a prevalência de canais radiculares não redondos em pré-molares inferiores permanentes extraídos (100 primeiros pré-molares e 100 segundos pré-molares). Material e Métodos: Foram obtidos 100 primeiros pré-molares e 100 segundos pré-molares inferiores permanentes recém- extraídos, com raiz única e canal único, montados em cera e digitalizados usando TCFC. Foram feitos cortes nos três planos (axial, sagital e coronal) em intervalos de 3 mm (apical), 6 mm (médio) e 9 mm (coronal) do ápice. A análise do canal radicular foi feita para avaliar as diferentes formas (redonda, oval e oval plana) presentes nos pré-molares inferiores permanentes. Resultados: Formatos ovais e ovais planos foram mais comuns nos terços coronal e médio, e no terço apical o formato mais encontrado nas amostras foi o redondo. Conclusão: Os formatos mais comuns do canal radicular de pré-molares inferiores foram o não redondo nos terços coronal e médio, e o redondo no terço apical.
Tratamento conservador de reabsorção interna perfurante com MTA: relato de caso com acompanhamento de 24 meses
Authors: Machado Camilla dos Santos Tibúrcio , Jahnke Leonardo Thomasi , Morgental Renata Dornelles , Franciosi Gabriel Mohr , Bier Carlos Alexandre Souza
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A reabsorção inflamatória interna é uma condição rara, caracterizada por uma inflamação crônica da polpa, apresentando a formação de tecido de granulação com exposição de dentina mineralizada. Quando uma perfuração é detectada, o tratamento conservador ou cirúrgico pode ser indicado. Objetivo: O presente relato de caso descreve uma reabsorção interna perfurante de rápida evolução em molar inferior, que foi tratada com Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA) como material obturador. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 23 anos de idade, apresentou dor à mastigação no dente #36. Foi estabelecido o diagnóstico de periodontite apical aguda causada por contato prematuro, e o tratamento foi ajuste oclusal associado à prescrição de anti-inflamatório. Seis meses depois, nenhum sintoma foi relatado. Porém, a radiografia periapical mostrou uma reabsorção interna de grande dimensão na raiz mesial, associada à lesão de furca. Ao exame tomográfico, foi possível observar a presença de reabsorção interna do tipo perfurante. O tratamento endodôntico foi realizado e o canal foi obturado com MTA. Resultados: No acompanhamento de dois anos, as imagens tomográficas do dente mostraram cicatrização total do tecido ósseo e o dente estava clinicamente em função e sem sintomas. Conclusões: O tratamento de uma reabsorção interna perfurante pode ser conduzido com sucesso sem intervenção cirúrgica, quando um material bioativo apropriado é utilizado para preencher o canal. No entanto, um efetivo preparo biomecânico do sistema de canais radiculares deve ser realizado para se alcançar esse resultado.
Endodontia guiada como estratégia contemporânea na resolução de canais radiculares desafiadores: relato de caso
Authors: Mendes Sônia T. O. Lara , Barbosa Camila F. M. , Gonzaga Larissa F. C. , Dye Patricia F. A. , Barbosa Flávia Isabela , Machado Vinícius C.
Published: August 2023

Objetivo: O presente relato de caso descreve a adoção da Endodontia guiada como último recurso para resolução de um caso de periodontite apical aguda em dente apresentando calcificação intrapulpar e significativa perda de estrutura dentária. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, com 29 anos de idade, apresentou-se em consultório particular queixando-se de dor na região associada ao incisivo central superior esquerdo e relatando tentativas prévias de tratamento por outros profissionais. O dente apresentou respostas negativas aos testes térmico e elétrico, e resposta positiva ao teste de percussão vertical. Nos exames radiográficos, tentativas prévias de acesso endodôntico foram identificadas. Devido à discrepância entre a informação obtida através do localizador foraminal eletrônico e das imagens radiográficas, foi solicitada à paciente uma tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Na avaliação das imagens da TCFC, foram observadas perda de estrutura dentária, perfuração dentária e imagem sugestiva de reabsorção óssea periapical. Uma nova TCFC foi, então, realizada com retração labial, para possibilitar o planejamento virtual do tratamento endodôntico guiado. A tecnologia CAD/CAM foi também adotada para auxiliar no planejamento virtual. Resultados: A perfuração foi selada e a guia teve sua adaptação verificada. O acesso guiado foi realizado para promover a recuperação da trajetória do canal radicular, assim possibilitando o tratamento endodôntico convencional do dente em questão. Conclusão: A Endodontia guiada tem sido um recurso valioso na resolução de situações desafiadoras, como calcificações severas de canais radiculares, desvios e perfurações.