bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating Alarming Media Messages About Nutrition and Health
Authors: Wiblom Jonna , Andrée Maria , Rundgren Carl-Johan
Published: January 2020

This study focuses the emerging need for young people to critically respond to alarming messages in contemporary media highlighting the potential benefits or harms of certain foods. Besides being technical, advancements in the field of nutrition reported in media are often of tentative and speculative character, primarily selected and constructed on the basis of their news value rather than as representing established knowledge. The study aims to study students’ capabilities to navigate and critically respond to controversial media messages about health and nutrition in the context of science education. Our theoretical point of departure is in the concept “an examined life” in the critical reflection tradition of Socrates and the Stoics. We analyze how groups of upper secondary science class students engage in critical examination of a controversial message about cow’s milk encountered through Swedish public service news media on the Internet. The results illuminate that even when controversial findings are produced by a reputed university and communicated through independent media, students are capable of discerning the need to scrutinize such findings and are capable of performing such critical examination drawing on experiences of scientific investigations. Students’ openness to question authoritative voices in society and to illuminate the new findings on milk from multiple perspectives reflects how “an examined life” may be enacted in the context of science education. Inviting students to participate in related activities shows promise for enabling a critical examination of themselves and others in ways deemed important for democratic citizenship.
Possible Mechanisms of Long-Term Trend of June Rainfall over the Korean Peninsula
Authors: Lee Hyeran , Song Hwan-Jin , Sohn Byung-Ju
Published: January 2020

The June rainfall over the Korean peninsula has exhibited a significant decrease in particular after late 1990s. From the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyses on the surface temperature, this study found two modes to be closely related to the decrease of rainfall over the peninsula. The first (second) EOF mode is associated with the enhanced surface temperature and anticyclonic circulation over the eastern Lake Baikal to northeastern China (the far East of Russia). The second mode also appears to be related to the cyclonic circulation over the East China Sea and south of Japan islands. These circulation patterns induce southeastward or eastward water vapor transports, and then contribute to the decreased moisture flux convergence and rainfall over Korea. In conclusion, the recent decrease of June rainfall over the Korean peninsula is thought to be, in part, associated with changes in the East Asian Summer Monsoon circulation possibly caused by the local warming trends over the eastern Lake Baikal to Mongolia and far East of Russia.
Case report. Zeldzame cutane metastasering van urotheelcelcarcinoom twee jaar na cystectomie
Authors: de Angst Isabel B. , Leijte Joost A. P. , Loosveld Olaf J. L. , Westgeest Hans M , van Onna Ilze E. W.
Published: January 2020

Samenvatting

Een 77-jarige vrouw presenteerde zich op de polikliniek Dermatologie met een huidafwijking in de linkerlies. In 2016 onderging zij een robotgeassisteerde cystectomie met lymfeklierdissectie en werd een Brickerse deviatie aangelegd vanwege een pT3N1M0G3-urotheelcelcarcinoom (UCC). Postoperatief werd zij aanvullend bestraald, omdat er sprake was van een positief snijvlak. Na twee jaar follow-up presenteerde patiënte zich met lymfoedeem in haar linkerbeen en een huidafwijking in de linkerlies. Differentiaaldiagnostisch werd gedacht aan eczeem, herpes zoster of metastasen van het eerdere UCC. Een huidbiopt bevestigde de diagnose cutane metastasen van UCC. Cutane metastasen van urogenitale tumoren komen zelden voor en hebben een slechte prognose. Bij een patiënt met een bekend UCC en nieuw ontstane huidafwijkingen dient een cutane metastase daarom in de differentiaaldiagnose te worden meegenomen. Als behandeling kan palliatieve therapie overwogen worden. In deze casus kreeg patiënte chemotherapie.
Protonenpumpeninhibitoren und Osteoporoserisiko
Authors: Gasser Rudolf W.
Published: January 2020

Protonenpumpeninhibitoren (PPI) werden als Hemmer der Magensäuresekretion bei verschiedenen säureassoziierten Erkrankungen des oberen Gastrointestinaltrakts eingesetzt. Zahlreiche Studien ergaben eine Assoziation einer PPI-Therapie mit einem erhöhten Risiko für osteoporosebezogene Frakturen (OR 1,20–1,56). Das Frakturrisiko erhöht sich mit der Dauer und mit steigender Dosis der PPI-Gabe. Die Ursache für die Assoziation einer PPI-Therapie mit einem erhöhten Frakturrisiko ist nicht eindeutig geklärt und wahrscheinlich multifaktoriell. Als Ursachen diskutiert werden eine durch Säuremangel verminderte Absorption von Kalzium und Vitamin B12, ein sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus, eine Abnahme der Knochenmineraldichte (BMD) und ein erhöhtes Sturzrisiko. Eine Kombination von Bisphosphonaten mit PPI reduziert die frakturhemmende Wirkung von Bisphosphonaten, dadurch steigt das Frakturrisiko wieder. Ähnliches gilt für die Kombination von Teriparatid mit PPI. Die Gabe von Histamin-2-Rezeptorblockern ergab keinen Hinweis für ein erhöhtes Frakturrisiko, sodass diese Substanzen alternativ als Säurehemmer ohne negative Wirkung auf den Knochen gegeben werden können. Eine PPI-Therapie sollte nur bei eindeutiger Indikation und in möglichst kurzer Dauer verabreicht werden. Bei osteoporose- oder frakturgefährdeten Patienten sind bei einer PPI-Gabe besonders strenge Kriterien einzuhalten.
Parent‐adolescent relationship quality as a predictor of leaving home
Authors: Işık Akın Rengin , Breeman Linda D. , Meeus Wim , Branje Susan
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Leaving home is a significant life transition that effects both emerging adults and their families. The age of leaving home has been increasing across industrialized societies, and children remain dependent on their parents for a longer time. The present study investigated the association between parent‐adolescent relationships and timing of leaving home over a timespan of six years: From middle adolescence to emerging adulthood.

Methods

Data came from three cohorts of two longitudinal studies in the Netherlands (N = 1100). At the start of the study, participants had a mean age of 16.41 (SD=.71), and approximately half of them (n = 547) were male. Adolescents completed questionnaires on parent‐adolescent relationship quality. The impact of positive and negative relationship characteristics on timing of leaving home were examined separately for mothers and fathers.

Results

Survival analysis results showed that higher levels of mother's and father's warmth, and higher levels of power attributed to father, but not mother, predicted later timing of leaving home. Higher levels of parental autonomy support predicted earlier timing of leaving home. Conflict with parents was not associated with timing of leaving home, except in the father‐daughter relationship. Only, the effect of parental warmth on timing of leaving home remained robust when controlling for age, gender, education level, and SES.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that certain parent‐adolescent relationship characteristics contribute to the increase in age of leaving home. Parents may be able to prepare their children for a self‐sufficient living by balancing warmth and autonomy support they provide during adolescence.
Characterization of glacial silt and clay using automated mineralogy
Authors: Crompton Jeff W. , Flowers Gwenn E. , Dyck Brendan
Published: January 2020

Glacial erosion produces vast quantities of fine-grained sediment that has a far-reaching impact on Earth surface processes. To gain a better understanding of the production of glacial silt and clay, we use automated mineralogy to quantify the microstructure and mineralogy of rock and sediment samples from 20 basins in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, Canada. Sediments were collected from proglacial streams, while rock samples were collected from ice marginal outcrops and fragmented using electrical pulse disaggregation. For both rock fragments and sediments, we observe a log-normal distribution of grain sizes and a sub-micrometer terminal grain size. We find that the abrasion of silt and clay results in both rounding and the exploitation of through-going fractures. The abundance of inter- versus intragranular fractures depends on mineralogy and size. Unlike the relatively larger grains, where crushing and abrasion are thought to exploit and produce discrete populations of grain sizes, the comminution of fines leads to a grain size, composition and rounding that is continuously distributed across size, and highly dependent on source-rock properties.
Dealing With Burn Patients in War Zones
Authors: Koutras Antonios , Syllaios Athanasios , Tsilikis Ioannis , Kalinterakis Georgios , Zotos Prokopis-Andreas , Zouliati Ifigeneia , Michalinos Adamantios , Karavokyros Ioannis , Schizas Dimitrios , Pikoulis Emmanouil
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Treating burn patients in the battlefield is one of the biggest challenges that military doctors and medical personnel can face. Wound patterns have been changed over time due to the introduction of new weapons, and many different aspects play a major role in the management of those burns nowadays. There is a potential gap in care of burn patients in war zones.

Methods:

A thorough literature search in PubMed, scientific journals, and Internet sites was conducted in regard to burn patients and trauma in war zones.

Results:

It is crucial for military surgeons to be able to stabilize burn patients during wartime conflicts, especially those patients who suffer from extreme burn injuries, as specialized treatment should be given. Medical personnel should be aware of all medication types used, the ways to minimize the risk of bacterial infection, and the ways to keep the injured safe.

Conclusions:

Injured civilians with burn trauma in the field of battle are deserving care, and special recognition should be given to the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that strive to ease human suffering in war zones. Proper management of burn patients in war zones is crucial, and military medical staff and NGOs can play a key role in that purpose.
Prevalence survey on catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in public hospitals in Hong Kong 2018
Authors: Chen Hong , Lee Joyce Wai Yan , Yu Kelvin Chung Ho , Chan Christina Ka Wai , Wong Andrew Tin Yau , Lai Raymond Wai Man , Fung Kitty Sau Chun
Published: January 2020

We conducted a survey of 16,914 patients to determine the point prevalence of healthcare-associated catheter-associated urinary tract infection (HA-CAUTI) and urinary catheter care in public hospitals in Hong Kong. Overall HA-CAUTI prevalence was 0.27%. Compliance was generally good, except for documenting the date of planned removal and securing the catheter properly.
MULTIPLICATIVE SPECTRAL FUNCTIONALS ON
Authors: TOURÉ C. , BRITS R.
Published: January 2020

If $A$ is a commutative $C^{\star }$-algebra and if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}:A\rightarrow \mathbb{C}$ is a continuous multiplicative functional such that $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}(x)$ belongs to the spectrum of $x$ for each $x\in A$, then $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ is linear and hence a character of $A$. This establishes a multiplicative Gleason–Kahane–Żelazko theorem for $C(X)$.
INFINITE FAMILIES OF CONGRUENCES FOR OVERPARTITIONS WITH RESTRICTED ODD DIFFERENCES
Authors: LIN BERNARD L. S. , LIU JIAN , WANG ANDREW Y. Z. , XIAO JIEJUAN
Published: January 2020

Let $\overline{t}(n)$ be the number of overpartitions in which (i) the difference between successive parts may be odd only if the larger part is overlined and (ii) if the smallest part is odd then it is overlined. Ramanujan-type congruences for $\overline{t}(n)$ modulo small powers of $2$ and $3$ have been established. We present two infinite families of congruences modulo $5$ and $27$ for $\overline{t}(n)$, the first of which generalises a recent result of Chern and Hao [‘Congruences for two restricted overpartitions’, Proc. Math. Sci. 129 (2019), Article 31].
ON THE PROBLEM OF NON-BERWALDIAN LANDSBERG SPACES
Authors: ELGENDI S. G.
Published: January 2020

We study the long-standing problem of the existence of non-Berwaldian Landsberg spaces from the perspective of conformal transformations. We calculate the Berwald and Landsberg tensors in terms of the T-tensor and show that there are Landsberg spaces with nonvanishing T-tensor. We give a necessary condition for a Landsberg space to be Berwaldian. We find conditions under which the Landsberg spaces cannot be Berwaldian and give examples of ($y$-local) non-Berwaldian Landsberg spaces.
SOME REMARKS ON MINIMAL ASYMPTOTIC BASES OF ORDER THREE
Authors: LING DENGRONG , TANG MIN
Published: January 2020

We study a question on minimal asymptotic bases asked by Nathanson [‘Minimal bases and powers of 2’, Acta Arith. 49 (1988), 525–532].
SIMULTANEOUS DYNAMICAL DIOPHANTINE APPROXIMATION IN BETA EXPANSIONS
Authors: WANG WEILIANG , LI LU
Published: January 2020

Let $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}>1$ be a real number and define the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$-transformation on $[0,1]$ by $T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}:x\mapsto \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}x\hspace{0.6em}({\rm mod}\hspace{0.2em}1)$. Let $f:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ and $g:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]$ be two Lipschitz functions. The main result of the paper is the determination of the Hausdorff dimension of the set $$\begin{eqnarray}W(f,g,\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{1},\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{2})=\big\{(x,y)\in [0,1]^{2}:|T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}^{n}x-f(x)|<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}^{-n\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{1}(x)},|T_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}^{n}y-g(y)|<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}^{-n\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{2}(y)}~\text{for infinitely many}~n\in \mathbb{N}\big\},\end{eqnarray}$$ where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{1}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{2}$ are two positive continuous functions with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{1}(x)\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{2}(y)$ for all $x,y\in [0,1]$.
Night-restricted feeding of dairy cows modifies daily rhythms of feed intake, milk synthesis and plasma metabolites compared with day-restricted feeding
Authors: Salfer Isaac J. , Harvatine Kevin J.
Published: January 2020

The timing of feed intake can alter circadian rhythms of peripheral tissues. Milk synthesis displays a daily rhythm across several species, but the effect of feeding time on these rhythms is poorly characterised. The objective of this experiment was to determine if the time of feed intake modifies the daily patterns of milk synthesis, plasma metabolites and body temperature in dairy cows. Sixteen lactating Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment sequences in a cross-over design with 17 d periods. Treatments included day-restricted feeding (DRF; feed available from 07.00 to 23.00 hours) and night-restricted feeding (NRF; feed available from 19.00 to 11.00 hours). Cows were milked every 6 h on the last 7 d of each period, and blood samples were collected to represent every 4 h over the day. Peak milk yield was shifted from morning in DRF to evening in NRF, while milk fat, protein and lactose concentration peaked in the evening in DRF and the morning in NRF. Plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA and urea nitrogen concentration fit daily rhythms in all treatments. Night feeding increased the amplitude of glucose, insulin and NEFA rhythms and shifted the daily rhythms by 8 to 12 h (P < 0·05). Night feeding also phase-delayed the rhythm of core body temperature and DRF increased its amplitude. Altering the time of feed availability shifts the daily rhythms of milk synthesis and plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations and body temperature, suggesting that these rhythms may be entrained by food intake.
Secrecy, Spooks and Ghosts: Memoirs and Contested Memory at the CIA
Authors: ALDRICH RICHARD , GASPARD JULES
Published: January 2020

The CIA is increasingly symbolic of major controversies in American foreign policy. It also presents the academic researcher with a fascinating paradox – since it is simultaneously secret and yet high-profile. In part, this is due to the CIA's willingness to allow former operatives to write memoirs. We argue that the memoir literature, authored by CIA personnel both high and low, together with others who worked alongside them, is now so dense that this allows us a degree of triangulation. Yet these memoirs are increasingly collective productions, involving censors, ghostwriters and teams of researchers, introducing conflicting voices into the text, and adding layers of separation between author and reader. We suggest that these ghosted memoirs, therefore, operate on several levels. For good or ill, these books shape the American public's perception of the CIA and should be studied closely, especially by those interested in the subjectivities of image management. This essay seeks to explore these issues by comparing four memoirs by CIA directors and acting directors who have served since 9/11.
Brain free water alterations in first-episode psychosis: a longitudinal analysis of diagnosis, course of illness, and medication effects
Authors: Guo J. Y. , Lesh T. A. , Niendam T. A. , Ragland J. D. , Tully L. M. , Carter C. S.
Published: January 2020

Background

Multiple lines of evidence suggest the presence of altered neuroimmune processes in patients with schizophrenia (Sz) and severe mood disorders. Recent studies using a novel free water diffusion tensor imaging (FW DTI) approach, proposed as a putative biomarker of neuroinflammation, atrophy, or edema, have shown significantly increased FW in patients with Sz. However no studies to date have investigated the longitudinal stability of FW alterations during the early course of psychosis, nor have studies focused separately on FE psychosis patients with Sz or bipolar disorder (BD) with psychotic features.

Methods

The current study included 188 participants who underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scanning at baseline. Sixty-four participants underwent follow-up rescanning after 12 months. DTI-based alterations in patients were calculated using voxelwise tract-based spatial statistics and region of interest analyses.

Results

Patients with FE psychosis, both Sz and BD, exhibited increased FW at illness onset which remained unchanged over the 12-month follow-up period. Preliminary analyses suggested that antipsychotic medication exposure was associated with higher FW in gray matter that reached significance in the BD group. Higher FW in white matter correlated with negative symptom severity.

Conclusions

Our results support the presence of elevated FW at the onset of psychosis in both Sz and BD, which remains stable during the early course of the illness, with no evidence of either progression or remission.
Politicised enforcement in China: evidence from the enforcement of land laws and regulations
Authors: Sun Xin
Published: January 2020

Politically motivated interference by politicians, or “politicised enforcement”, is a common cause of enforcement failure in many countries. Existing research on politicised enforcement has focused largely on incentives driven by electoral competition, while fewer studies analysed its mechanisms in an authoritarian context. Drawing on the case of China, this article develops the argument that politicised enforcement can be a consequence of the strategies adopted by authoritarian ruling elites to maintain political survival. Using a panel data set on the enforcement of land laws and regulations, the empirical analysis suggests that the intensity of enforcement correlates with economic performance and patron–client ties between central leaders and local officials, suggesting that political imperatives faced by ruling elites to promote economic growth and carry out clientelistic exchanges affect government decisions on enforcement. Moreover, these correlations remain robust after the implementation of reforms that promoted administrative centralisation within the enforcement agency, suggesting that politicised enforcement reflects the strategic behaviour of the ruling elites of the Party. These findings contribute to the literature on enforcement in authoritarian regimes broadly and in China specifically.
Trajectories of family care over the lifecourse: evidence from Canada
Authors: Fast Janet , Keating Norah , Eales Jacquie , Kim Choong , Lee Yeonjung
Published: January 2020

In the midst of a ‘care crisis’, attention has turned again to families who are viewed both as untapped care resources and as disappearing ones. Within this apparent policy/demographic impasse, we test empirically theorised trajectories of family care, creating evidence of diverse patterns of care across the lifecourse. The study sample, drawn from a Statistics Canada national survey of family care, comprised all Canadians aged 65 and older who had ever provided care (N = 3,299). Latent Profile Analysis yielded five distinct care trajectories: compressed generational, broad generational, intensive parent care, career care and serial care. They differed in age of first care experience, number of care episodes, total years of care and amount of overlap among episodes. Trajectories generally corresponded to previously hypothesised patterns but with additional characteristics that added to our understanding of diversity in lifecourse patterns of care. The five trajectories identified provide the basis for further understanding how time and events unfold in various ways across lifecourses of care. A gap remains in understanding how relationships with family and social network members evolve in the context of care. A challenge is presented to policy makers to temper a ‘families by stealth’ policy approach with one that supports family carers who are integral to health and social care systems.
Detection of Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia ibidis in the Endangered Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon)
Authors: Li Zhaocai , Liu Ping , Hou Jia , Xu Guanglan , Zhang Junfeng , Lei Yinghu , Lou Zhongzi , Liang Lin , Wen Yuan , Zhou Jizhang
Published: January 2020

Chlamydia spp. are a group of obligate intracellular pathogens causing a number of diseases in animals and humans. Avian chlamydiosis (AC), caused by Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) as well as new emerging C. avium, C. gallinacea and C. ibidis, have been described in nearly 500 avian species worldwidely. The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) is a world endangered avian species with limited population and vulnerable for various infections. To get a better understanding of the prevalence of Chlamydia spp. in the endangered Crested Ibis, faecal samples were collected and analysed. The results confirmed that 20.20% (20/99) of the faecal samples were positive for Chlamydiaceae and were identified as C. ibidis with co-existence of C. psittaci in one of the 20 positive samples. In addition, ompA sequence of C. psittaci obtained in this study was classified into the provisional genotype Matt116, while that of C. ibidis showed high genetic diversity, sharing only 77% identity with C. ibidis reference strain 10-1398/6. We report for the first time the presence of C. ibidis and C. psittaci in the Crested Ibis, which may indicate a potential threat to the endangered birds and should be aware of the future protection practice.
A re-examination of the empirical evidence concerning colonial Virginia's paper money, 1755-1774: a comment on Grubb
Authors: Michener Ronald
Published: January 2020

Farley Grubb's recent article in theFinancial History Reviewcontains econometric results designed to support his theoretical propositions concerning the paper money of the American colonies. This comment demonstrates that some of his results are spurious and the rest are based on using incorrect testing procedures and incorrect critical values of test statistics.
Incidence and outcomes of prosthetic valve endocarditis in adults with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Kothapalli Srikanth , Miranda William R. , Jadav Raja , Banala Keerthana , Vojjini Rahul , Faizee Faizan , Khalil Fouad , Najam Maria , Angirekula Mounika , Desimone Daniel C. , Connolly Heidi M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

The risk of endocarditis varies with CHD complexity and the presence of prosthetic valves. The purpose of the study was therefore to describe incidence and outcomes of prosthetic valve endocarditis in adults with repair tetralogy of Fallot.

Methods:

Retrospective review of adult tetralogy of Fallot patients who underwent prosthetic valve implantation, 1990–2017. We defined prosthetic valve endocarditis-related complications as prosthetic valve dysfunction, perivalvular extension of infection such abscess/aneurysm/fistula, heart block, pulmonary/systemic embolic events, recurrent endocarditis, and death due to sepsis.

Results:

A total of 338 patients (age: 37 ± 15 years) received 352 prosthetic valves (pulmonary [n = 308, 88%], tricuspid [n = 13, 4%], mitral [n = 9, 3%], and aortic position [n = 22, 6%]). The annual incidence of prosthetic valve endocarditis was 0.4%. There were 12 prosthetic valve endocarditis-related complications in six patients, and these complications were prosthetic valve dysfunction (n = 4), systemic/pulmonary embolic events (n = 2), heart block (n = 1), aortic root abscess (n = 1), recurrent endocarditis (n = 2), and death due to sepsis (n = 1). Three (50%) patients required surgery at 2 days, 6 weeks, and 23 weeks from the time of prosthetic valve endocarditis diagnosis. Altogether three of the six (50%) patients died, and one of these deaths was due to sepsis.

Conclusions:

The incidence, complication rate, and outcomes of prosthetic valve endocarditis in tetralogy of Fallot patients underscore some of the risks of having a prosthetic valve. It is important to educate the patients on the need for early presentation if they develop systemic symptoms, have a high index of suspicion for prosthetic valve endocarditis, and adopt a multi-disciplinary care approach in this high-risk population.
P wave dispersion, Tpeak–Tend interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio in children with psoriasis
Authors: Çetin Mecnun , Yavuz İbrahim H. , Gümüştaş Mehmet , Yavuz Göknur Ö.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory, multi-system disease that often begins in childhood and characterised by inflammatory skin, nails, scalp, and joint manifestations. The inflammation in psoriasis may promote some effect on the cardiac conduction system.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to investigate myocardial repolarisation anomaly on the conducting system in the paediatric psoriasis using P wave dispersion, Tpeak–Tend interval, and Tp-e/QT ratio.

Methods:

Forty-two patients diagnosed with psoriasis and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy children were enrolled in the study. Electrocardiographic parameters in psoriasis and control group were recorded from an electrocardiogram for each patient.

Results:

The results indicated that the parameters including Pdis, QTc dis, Tp-e dis interval, and Tp-e max/QTmax ratios, which are known to be key indicators for the prediction of severe atrial or ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death and also important parameters used as the indicators for the non-invasive evaluation of the transmural heterogeneity were significantly longer in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

This study includes the evidence linking psoriasis with increased myocardial repolarisation heterogeneity. These findings suggest that this patient population may be at an increased risk for arrhythmias. Our findings may be a basis for further studies.
Association between physical activity level and blood pressure: varied and graded mediating effects of obesity indices in schoolchildren
Authors: Maruf Fatai A. , Odetunde Marufat O. , Okonkwo Prosper U.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To explore the mediating effects of adiposity indices in the association between physical activity level and blood pressure in a Nigerian schoolchildren population.

Materials and Methods:

One thousand five hundred and seventeen schoolchildren (714 males and 803 females) from randomly selected primary schools participated. Physical activity level, sum of skinfold thickness at three sites, waist circumference, body mass index, and blood pressure were measured using standardised procedures. The statistical significance of the mediating effects of adiposity indices was determined using Sobel Test.

Results:

Some obesity indices mediated the association between physical activity level and systolic blood pressure [males: waist circumference (t = 5.31; p < 0.001), skinfold thickness (t = 3.80; p < 0.001), and waist circumference/height (t = 2.21; p < 0.001); females: body mass index (t = 8.03; p < 0.001), waist circumference (t = 7.80; p < 0.001), and skinfold thickness (t = 5.94; p < 0.001)]. Similarly, some obesity indices mediated the prediction of diastolic blood pressure in females [males: body mass index (t = 1.95; p = 0.05), waist circumference (t = 2.65; p = 0.01), and skinfold thickness (t = 1.97; p = 0.05); females blood pressure: body mass index (t = 6.49; p < 0.001), waist circumference (t = 6.29; p < 0.001), skinfold thickness (t = 2.31; p = 0.02), and waist circumference/height (t = 2.59; p = 0.01)].

Conclusion:

The obesity indices that mediate the association between physical activity level and blood pressure vary, and their mediating effects are graded. While waist circumference and skinfold thickness exert the greatest mediating effects on the association in males, body mass index and waist circumference do in females.
Echocardiographic examination of mitral valve abnormalities in the paediatric population: current practices
Authors: Cantinotti Massimiliano , Giordano Raffaele , Koestenberger Martin , Voges Inga , Santoro Giuseppe , Franchi Eliana , Assanta Nadia , Valverde Israel , Simpson John , Kutty Shelby
Published: January 2020

We reviewed the recent literature for echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve abnormalities in children. A literature search was performed within the National Library of Medicine using the keywords “mitral regurgitation and/or stenosis, children.” The search was refined by adding the keywords “echocardiographic definition, classification, and evaluation.” Thirty-one studies were finally included. Significant advances in echocardiographic imaging of mitral valve defects, mainly due to the implementation of three-dimensional technology, contribute to a better understanding of the underlying anatomy. However, heterogeneity between classification systems of mitral valve disease severity is a serious problem. For regurgitant lesions, there is only very limited evidence from small studies that support the adoption of quantitative/semi-quantitative indexes commonly employed in adults. Despite the lack of evidence base, qualitative evaluation of regurgitation severity is often employed. For stenotic lesions, no clear categorisation based on trans-valvular echocardiography-derived “gradients” has been consistently applied to define mild, moderate, or severe obstruction across different paediatric age ranges. Quantitative parameters such as valve area have also been poorly validated in children. Adult recommendations are frequently applied without validation for the paediatric age. In conclusion, significant advances in the anatomical evaluation of mitral valve diseases have been made, thanks to three-dimensional echocardiography; however, limitations remain in the quantitative/semi-quantitative estimation of disease severity, both with respect to valvular regurgitation and stenosis. Because adult echocardiographic recommendations should not be simply translated to the paediatric age, more specific paediatric guidelines and standards for the assessment of mitral valve diseases are needed.
BOCHNER–RIESZ MEANS ON BLOCK-SOBOLEV SPACES IN COMPACT LIE GROUP
Authors: CHEN JIECHENG , FAN DASHAN , ZHAO FAYOU
Published: January 2020

On a compact Lie group$G$of dimension$n$, we study the Bochner–Riesz mean$S_{R}^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}(f)$of the Fourier series for a function$f$. At the critical index$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=(n-1)/2$, we obtain the convergence rate for$S_{R}^{(n-1)/2}(f)$when$f$is a function in the block-Sobolev space. The main theorems extend some known results on the$m$-torus $\mathbb{T}^{m}$.
The French School of Violin Playing between Revolution and Reaction: A Comparison of the Treatises of 1803 and 1834 by Pierre Baillot
Authors: Macnicol Douglas
Published: January 2020

Pierre Baillot (1771–1842) was a central figure in the development of the early nineteenth-century French School of violin playing. This school was itself the source of the twentieth-century Russian and American schools, and all the great players of the modern era can trace their lineage back to Baillot and his colleagues. The French School was the first to systematize violin teaching within an institutional framework with normative aspirations. Its history is bound up with that of the Paris Conservatoire, established in 1795. Work by French scholars of the Conservatoire and its teaching has tended to assert a continuity of ideals and aesthetics across time, even an essential Frenchness, and work by English-language scholars has been more concerned with the influence of the School on developments in playing styles and composition than on the evolution of attitudes to music teaching. This analysis of the language of the two founding pedagogical texts reveals a contested cultural landscape, and explores how a revolutionary institution with lofty principles could be overtaken by cultural change in a few short decades. It finishes by questioning the traditional elision of the French and Franco-Belgian schools, and suggests that Brussels, rather than constituting a mere branch of the Paris school, rescued it from premature irrelevance.
Diagnostik interstitieller Lungenerkrankungen im multidisziplinären Team
Authors: Berezowska Sabina , Pöllinger Alexander , Funke-Chambour Manuela
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen präsentieren sich klinisch mit unspezifischer respiratorischer Symptomatik und können entweder auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückgeführt werden, oder idiopathisch auftreten. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt im Rahmen der multidisziplinären Diskussion (MDD) zwischen Pneumologie, Radiologie und Pathologie. Die Pathologie bringt dabei Resultate der bronchoalveolären Lavage, der transbronchialen Zangenbiopsien oder Kryobiopsien und v. a. der chirurgischen Biopsien (sog. Wedge-Biopsien) ein. Die Indikationsstellung für eine Gewebegewinnung und die gewählte Technik ist abhängig von dem radiologischen Bild und der klinischen Verdachtsdiagnose und sollte ebenfalls in der MDD bestimmt werden. Im Folgenden zeigen wir am Beispiel ausgewählter Krankheitsentitäten aus dem Spektrum der interstitiellen Lungenerkrankungen die Wertigkeit und Notwendigkeit der interdisziplinären Zusammenarbeit.
Nicht-zirrhotische portale Hypertension aus der Sicht des Pathologen
Authors: Blank Annika , Terracciano Luigi
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Eine nicht-zirrhotische portale Hypertension hat mannigfaltige Ursachen. In einigen Fällen lässt sich die portale Hypertension jedoch nicht auf eine Ursache zurückführen. In diesen Fällen spricht man von einer idiopathischen nicht-zirrhotischen portalen Hypertension. Die histologischen Veränderungen in diesem Kontext können sehr subtil sein und erfordern zum einen ein gutes Sampling des Lebergewebes durch den Kliniker, zum anderen einen erfahrenen Pathologen zur Beurteilung des Leberparenchyms. Die drei typischen Manifestationsformen der nicht-zirrhotischen portalen Hypertension stellen die noduläre regeneratorische Hyperplasie, obliterative portale Venopathie und inkomplette septale Zirrhose dar, auf deren histologisches Erscheinungsbild in diesem Artikel näher eingegangen wird.
Die grosse Bandbreite von Medikamenten-induzierten Veränderungen in gastrointestinalen Biopsien
Authors: Brcic Iva , Godschachner Theresa , Sarocchi Francesca
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die Interpretation von Biopsien aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt wurde herausfordernder, da die Anzahl an neuen Medikamenten, besonders bei Krebspatienten, konstant zunimmt. Charakteristische Medikamenten-induzierte Mechanismen können verschiedene Arten eines Mukosaschadens verursachen. Diese Befunde überlappen sich häufig, da die Anzahl an histologischen Mustern limitiert ist. Dieses Review fokussiert sich auf die Bandbreite Medikamenten-induzierter Veränderungen in Biopsien aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt und ihrer diagnostischen Schlüsselmerkmale, die dem Pathologen helfen können, zwischen unterschiedlichen Medikamenten und anderen möglichen Differentialdiagnosen unterscheiden zu können. Des Weiteren ist eine gute klinische Korrelation in diesen Fällen von äusserster Wichtigkeit für die korrekte Diagnose und Behandlung.
Die Medizin der Zukunft: Digitale Pathologie
Authors: Frei Anja Laura , Merki Samuel , Henke Maurice Johannes , Wey Norbert , Moch Holger , Mertz Kirsten Diana , Koelzer Viktor Hendrik
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. In der Pathologie steht ein Paradigmenwechsel bevor. Die Digitalisierung ermöglicht eine hocheffiziente, vernetzte Diagnostik und den vereinfachten Austausch von Expertenwissen. Algorithmen zur Bildanalyse und artifizielle Intelligenz besitzen das Potential, die Qualität der Diagnostik in der Pathologie weiter zu erhöhen. Wichtige Neuerungen ergeben sich auch in der Befunderstellung. Strukturierte Befundungssysteme ermöglichen die kontinuierliche Weiterentwicklung der digitalen Diagnostik und verbessern die Kommunikation zwischen den Spezialdisziplinen.
Die Klinische Autopsie in der Schweiz – ein Statusbericht
Authors: Rotman Samuel , Varga Zsuzsanna , Went Philip , Cathomas Gieri , Langer Rupert
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Die klinische Autopsie ist ein wichtiges diagnostisches Instrument zur Qualitätssicherung, zur Aus- und Weiterbildung und letztlich zur generellen Weiterentwicklung der Medizin. In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat allerdings die von Klinikseite gewünschte und von der Pathologie durchgeführte Zahl der klinischen Autopsien in vielen Ländern, darunter auch die Schweiz, dramatisch abgenommen. Dem entgegen gibt es jedoch auch zahlreiche Anstrengungen von Pathologinnen und Pathologen, teils auch in Zusammenarbeit mit den klinischen Kolleginnen und Kollegen, die das Ziel haben, die Wahrnehmung der Autopsie in Klinik und Öffentlichkeit zu verbessern und dem Anspruch, eine qualitativ hochwertige und moderne postmortale Diagnostik zu bieten, gerecht zu werden. Diese Aktivitäten umfassen z. B. verbesserte Prozesse, Kommunikationskonzepte, intensivierter Dialog, sowie technische Neuerungen. Problematische Punkte bleiben ethische, gesellschaftliche und finanzielle Aspekte der Autopsie. In diesem Review werden einige der Aktivitäten zur Verbesserung des Zustandes der Autopsie in der Schweiz vorgestellt, aber auch relevante Probleme des rechtlichen und ökonomischen Rahmens diskutiert.
GeoLaus, une étude de l’influence des caractéristiques géo-environ- nementales sur la santé
Authors: Guessous Idris , Ridder David de , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Joost Stéphane
Published: January 2020

Résumé. Des informations géographiques sur les facteurs de risque pour la santé ou sur la maladie sont de plus en plus utilisées dans le but de mieux comprendre les déterminants de la santé. GeoLaus est un projet initié en 2015 qui étudie l’impact des lieux de vie et de la situation socio-économique sur la santé physique, mentale et sur les différentes habitudes de vie. Cet article discute et illustre l’utilisation de l’information spatiale dans CoLaus pour mieux comprendre les déterminants de l’obésité et de la somnolence. Les premiers résultats de l’étude GeoLaus ouvrent des nouvelles perspectives en matière de santé populationnelle.
Différences socio-économiques dans la Cohorte Lausannoise CoLaus
Authors: Stringhini Silvia , Marques-Vidal Pedro , Petrovic Dusan
Published: January 2020

Résumé. L’étude CoLaus nous a permis d’identifier de larges inégalités sociales en matière de santé au sein de la population de la ville de Lausanne. En effet, les participants avec un statut socio-économique faible avaient une prévalence plus élevée de facteurs de risque cardio-métaboliques, de comportements à risque, de troubles du sommeil, ainsi que des marqueurs inflammatoires plus élevées par rapport aux participants les plus favorisés du point de vue socio-économique. Dans la plupart des cas, ces inégalités sont similaires à celles retrouvées dans les cantons et pays voisins.
OsteoLaus: raisons d’être et premiers résultats
Authors: Shevroja Enisa , Hans Didier , Aubry-Rozier Bérengère , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Elena , Lamy Olivier
Published: January 2020

Résumé. La cohorte OsteoLaus a inclus 1475 femmes de 50 à 80 ans entre 2010 et 2012, et depuis suivies tous les 2,5 ans. Le but principal est de mieux définir l’ostéoporose et la prédiction du risque de fracture. Grâce aux multiples données à disposition dans CoLaus/PsycoLaus, de nombreuses analyses sont faites pour mieux comprendre le lien entre santé osseuse et maladies chroniques.
PsyCoLaus: une étude prospective des liens entre la santé mentale et les maladies cardiovasculaires
Authors: Preisig Martin , Strippoli Marie-Pierre F. , Vandeleur Caroline L.
Published: January 2020

Résumé. PsyCoLaus, comportant une investigation de la santé mentale et du fonctionnement cognitif, vise à déterminer la prévalence et l’évolution des troubles mentaux et à étudier les mécanismes qui sous-tendent l’association entre ces troubles et les maladies cardiovasculaires. Cette investigation a mis en évidence un taux de prévalence vie-entière très élevé de 43,6 % pour les troubles dépressifs majeurs à Lausanne. Nous avons également observé que l’association entre la dépression et les facteurs de risque cardio-métaboliques est essentiellement attribuable au sous-type de dépression atypique, caractérisé par une augmentation de l’appétit, une lourdeur dans les membres, une hypersomnie et une réactivité affective conservée. Les patients présentant ce type de dépression ont un risque élevé de développer du surpoids, du diabète et un syndrome métabolique et méritent une attention particulière au niveau métabolique.
CME-Rheumatologie 20: Parvovirus-B19-induzierte Tenosynovitis?
Authors: Tamborrini Giorgio , Schwab Martin , Hebert Tamara , Köhler Viktoria
Published: January 2020

Zusammenfassung. Wir diskutieren in dieser Fallpräsentation diagnostische Algorithmen und Differenzialdiagnosen bei undifferenzierten Tenosynovitiden. Wir stellen einen Fall eines Patienten mit chronischer Tenosynovitis im 4. Strecksehnenfach vor. Bei unauffälliger Anamnese und aufgrund unauffälliger Laborresultate bestand eine «seronegative (RF), ACPA (CCP)-negative Tenosynovitis ohne Arthritis». Es erfolgte eine diagnostische und therapeutische Tenosynovektomie. Die histologische Aufarbeitung ergab eine positive PCR für Parvovirus B19. Wir erläutern artikuläre und extraartikuläre Manifestationen. Eine Parvovirus-B19-assoziierte Manifestation am Bewegungsapparat ist in der Regel selbstlimitierend. Die Therapie sollte rein symptomatisch durchgeführt werden. Bei unserem Patienten bestand ein ausgeprägter lokaler Befund, sodass die komplette Tenosynovektomie mit anschliessender einmaliger Steroidinjektion zu einer anhaltenden Restitutio ad integrum geführt hat.
Advancing the Understanding of Adaptive Capacity of Social‐Ecological Systems to Absorb Climate Extremes
Authors: Thonicke Kirsten , Bahn Michael , Lavorel Sandra , Bardgett Richard D. , Erb Karlheinz , Giamberini Mariasilvia , Reichstein Markus , Vollan Björn , Rammig Anja
Published: January 2020

Enhancing the capacity of social‐ecological systems (SES) to adapt to climate change is of crucial importance. While gradual climate change impacts have been the main focus of much recent research, much less is known about how SES are impacted by climate extremes and how they adapt. Here, based on an advanced conceptualization of social‐ecological resilience, performed by an interdisciplinary group of scientists, we outline three major challenges for operationalizing the resilience concept with particular focus on climate extremes. First, we discuss the necessary steps required to identify and measure relevant variables for capturing the full response spectrum of the coupled social and ecological components of SES. Second, we examine how climate extreme impacts on coupling flows in SES can be quantified by learning from past societal transitions or adaptations to climate extremes and resulting changes in ecosystem service supply. Last, we explore how to identify management options for maintaining and enhancing social‐ecological resilience under a changing regime of climate extremes. We conclude that multiple pathways within adaptation and mitigation strategies which enhance the adaptive capacity of SES to absorb climate extremes will open the way toward a sustainable future.
The Climatic Effects of Hygroscopic Growth of Sulfate Aerosols in the Stratosphere
Authors: Krishnamohan K.S. , Bala Govindasamy , Cao Long , Duan Lei , Caldeira Ken
Published: January 2020

Solar geoengineering by deliberate injection of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere is one of the proposed options to counter anthropogenic climate warming. In this study, we focus on the effect of a specific microphysical property of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere: hygroscopic growth—the tendency of particles to grow by accumulating water. We show that stratospheric sulfate aerosols, for a given mass of sulfates, cause more cooling when prescribed at the lower levels of the stratosphere because of hygroscopic growth. The larger relative humidity in the lower stratosphere causes an increase in the aerosol size through hygroscopic growth that leads to a larger scattering efficiency. In our study, hygroscopic growth provides an additional cooling of 23% (0.7 K) when 20 Mt‐SO4 of sulfate aerosols, an amount that approximately offsets the warming due to a doubling of CO2, are prescribed at 100 hPa. The hygroscopic effect becomes weaker at higher levels as relative humidity decreases with height. Hygroscopic growth also leads to secondary effects such as an increase in near‐infrared shortwave absorption by the aerosols that causes a decrease in high clouds and an increase in stratospheric water vapor. The altitude dependence of the effects of hygroscopic growth is opposite to that of sedimentation effects or the fast adjustment effects due to aerosol‐induced warming identified in a recent study.