bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kết quả xét nghiệm sàng lọc cho người hiến máu lần đầu tại các trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021
Authors: Phóng Hoàng Văn , Hiền Nguyễn Thị Thu , Yến Nguyễn Hải
Published: August 2022

Đặt vấn đề/ Mục tiêu: Mô tả kết quả xét nghiệm sàng lọc cho người hiến máu lần đầu tại  các  trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021.

Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu, cắt ngang.

Kết quả: Xét nghiệm cho thấy tỉ lệ nhiễm HBsAg là 1,73%, cao nhất trong số các chỉ số xét nghiệm sàng lọc. KT HCV, KN-KT HIV và KT giang mai chỉ có 1-2 trường hợp, chiếm tỉ lệ rất thấp. Tỉ lệ nhiễm 1 tác nhân là 84,62%. Trong nghiên cứu có 2 trường hợp đồng nhiễm đều là nhiễm HBV và HCV. Bên cạnh đó tỷ lệ HBV-ADN ở đơn vị máu hiến có 0,16%, Chúng tôi không phát hiện trường hợp phản ứng của HCV-ARN và HIV-ARN.

Kết luận: Tỷ lệ đơn vị máu phản ứng với các tác nhân lây truyền HBV, HCV, HIV, giang mai ở những đối tượng hiến máu lần đầu tại 4 trường đại học trên địa bàn thành phố Hải Phòng năm 2021 là HBsAg: 1,73%, HCV: 0,31%, HIV: 0,16% và giang mai: 0,16%. Xét nghiệm NAT: HBV-ADN là 0,16%. HCV-ARN và HIV-ARN là 0%. Tỉ lệ HBsAg ở người hiến máu nam cao hơn so với nữ.
Implementation of integrated pest control to reduce rhino beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) attacks in oil palm plantations
Authors: Santi Idum Satia , Manto Agus
Published: August 2022

Oryctes rhinoceros or Rhino beetle ( Coleoptera; Scarabidae) is a major pest in oil palm plantations. This pest is very harmful, especially in replanting areas, and young plants cause up to 25 per cent of palm oil-related deaths. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated pest management in suppressing the population and development of O. rhinoceros. The research was conducted at the Oil Palm Plantation, PT. Sumber Indah Perkasa, Penawartama, Tulangbawang Regency, Lampung Provincial for one year. The analysis used is a descriptive analysis involving the collection of data from a variety of control techniques. The results showed that the pest control techniques of O. rhinoceros lightrap, ferotrap, holetrap, nets, larval quotes and chemistry could suppress or decrease pest populations. The control with light traps is very efficient because it obtained the number of captures of imago beetles up to 246,224 in 1 year. The integrated pest control of O. rhinoceros successfully reduced the attack of beetles until it did not reach the economic threshold. It is hoped that implementing integrated O. rhinoceros pest control can be a reference for plantations
The Far-Left and Far-Right in Australia - Equivalent Threats? Key findings and Policy Implications
Authors: Davey Jacob , Peucker Mario , Simmons Cécile
Published: August 2022

This briefing paper is the fourth and final output in ‘Symbiotic Radicalisation’, a project in our ‘Dynamics of Violent Extremism’ research stream. Symbiotic Radicalisation is a collaboration between researchers at the Institute for Strategic Dialogue (ISD) and the Institute for Sustainable Industries & Liveable Cities at Victoria University (VU). This paper provides an overview of key trends identified throughout this research program, which examines the online interplay between the far-left and far-right in Australia (with a focus on the State of Victoria) and considers the policy implications of this work.
Random Data Augmentation based Enhancement: A Generalized Enhancement Approach for Medical Datasets
Authors: Aleem Sidra , Kumar Teerath , Little Suzanne , Bendechache Malika , Brennan Rob , McGuinness Kevin
Published: August 2022

Over the years, the paradigm of medical image analysis has shifted from manual expertise to automated systems, often using deep learning (DL) systems. The performance of deep learning algorithms is highly dependent on data quality. Particularly for the medical domain, it is an important aspect as medical data is very sensitive to quality and poor quality can lead to misdiagnosis. To improve the diagnostic performance, research has been done both in complex DL architectures and in improving data quality using dataset dependent static hyperparameters. However, the performance is still constrained due to data quality and overfitting of hyperparameters to a specific dataset. To overcome these issues, this paper proposes random data augmentation based enhancement. The main objective is to develop a generalized, data-independent and computationally efficient enhancement approach to improve medical data quality for DL. The quality is enhanced by improving the brightness and contrast of images. In contrast to the existing methods, our method generates enhancement hyperparameters randomly within a defined range, which makes it robust and prevents overfitting to a specific dataset. To evaluate the generalization of the proposed method, we use four medical datasets and compare its performance with state-of-the-art methods for both classification and segmentation tasks. For grayscale imagery, experiments have been performed with: COVID-19 chest X-ray, KiTS19, and for RGB imagery with: LC25000 datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that with the proposed enhancement methodology, DL architectures outperform other existing methods. Our code is publicly available at: https://github.com/aleemsidra/Augmentation-Based-Generalized-Enhancement.
Diversity Issues in Skin Lesion Datasets
Authors: Alipour Neda , Burke Ted , Courtney Jane
Published: August 2022

Melanoma is one of the most threatening skin cancers in the world, which may spread to other parts of the body if it has not been detected at an early stage. Thus, researchers have put extra efforts into using computer-aided methods to help dermatologists to recognise this kind of cancer. There are many methods for solving this issue, many based on deep learning models. In order to train these models and have high accuracy, datasets which are large enough to cover gender, race, and skin type diversity are required. Although there is a large body of data on melanoma and skin lesions, most do not cover a broad diversity of skin types, which can affect the accuracy of models trained on them. To understand the issue, first the diversity of each database must be assessed and then, based on the existing shortcomings, such as minority skin types, a suitable method must be developed to solve any diversity issues. This article summarizes the problem of the lack of diversity in gender, race and skin type in skin lesion datasets and takes a brief look at potential solutions to this problem, especially the lesser discussed colour-based methods.
Dynamic Channel Selection in Self-Supervised Learning
Authors: Krishna Tarun , Rai Ayush , Djilali Yasser , Smeaton Alan , McGuinness Kevin , O'Connor Noel
Published: August 2022

Whilst computer vision models built using self-supervised approaches are now commonplace, some important questions remain. Do self-supervised models learn highly redundant channel features? What if a self-supervised network could dynamically select the important channels and get rid of the unnecessary ones? Currently, convnets pre-trained with self-supervision have obtained comparable performance on downstream tasks in comparison to their supervised counterparts in computer vision. However, there are drawbacks to self-supervised models including their large numbers of parameters, computationally expensive training strategies and a clear need for faster inference on downstream tasks. In this work, our goal is to address the latter by studying how a standard channel selection method developed for supervised learning can be applied to networks trained with self-supervision. We validate our findings on a range of target budgets td for channel computation on image classification task across different datasets, specifically CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet-100, obtaining comparable performance to that of the original network when selecting all channels but at a significant reduction in computation reported in terms of FLOPs.
Triple Loss based Satellite Image Localisation for Aerial Platforms
Authors: Avila Herrera Eduardo Andres , McCarhy Tim , McDonald John
Published: August 2022

We present a vision-based technique for aerial platform localisation using satellite imagery. Our approach applies a modified VGG16 network in conjunction with a triplet loss to encode aerial views as discriminative scene embeddings. The platform is localised by comparing the encodding of its current view with a database of pre-encoded embeddings using a cosine similarity metric. Recent image-based localisation research has shown potential for such learned embeddings, however, to ensure reliable matching they require dense sampling of views of the environment, thereby limiting their operational area. In contrast, the combination of our proposed architecture in conjunction with the triplet loss shows robustness over greater spatial shifts, reducing the need for dense sampling. We demonstrate these improvements through comparison with a state-of-the-art approach using simulated ground truth sequences derived from a real-world satellite dataset covering a 1.5km × 1km region in Karslruhe.
Recurrent Super-Resolution Method for Enhancing Low Quality Thermal Facial Data
Authors: O'Callaghan David , Ryan Cian , Shariff Waseem , Ali Farooq Muhammad , Lemley Joseph , Corcoran Peter
Published: August 2022

The process of obtaining high-resolution images from single or multiple low-resolution images of the same scene is of great interest for real-world image and signal processing applications. This study is about exploring the potential usage of deep learning based image super-resolution algorithms on thermal data for producing high quality thermal imaging results for in-cabin vehicular driver monitoring systems. In this work we have proposed and developed a novel multi-image super-resolution recurrent neural network to enhance the resolution and improve the quality of low-resolution thermal imaging data captured from uncooled thermal cameras. The end-to-end fully convolutional neural network is trained from scratch on newly acquired thermal data of 30 different subjects in indoor environmental conditions. The effectiveness of the thermally tuned super-resolution network is validated quantitatively as well as qualitatively on test data of 6 distinct subjects. The network was able to achieve a mean peak signal to noise ratio of 39.24 on the validation dataset for 4x super-resolution, outperforming bicubic interpolation both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Solutions to Common Obstacles IMGs Encounter
Authors: Al-Nasser Dr. Ali
Published: August 2022

Applying for residency in the US can be challenging. In order to pursue a career in the US, the candidate must first pass the USMLE exams. These results are crucial for matching. Average USMLE scores of residents that matched for Step 1 was 222 and for Step 2 was 233

(1) Percentage of non-US IMGs matched is 57%.

(2) Highest matched specialty for non-US IMGs is internal medicine.

46% match with their first choice72% match with their top 3 choices

This poster highlights the common obstacles IMGs face when applying for residency in the US and provides a solution to counter them
CYKLODEKSTRYNY — ZASTOSOWANIE W PRZEMYŚLE FARMACEUTYCZNYM
Authors: Lewandowska Iwona , Zielińska-Pisklak Monika , Szeleszczu Łukasz , Pisklak Dariusz Maciej , Sobczak Marcin
Published: August 2022

Cyklodekstryny (CDs) należą do grupy cyklicznych oligosacharydów złożonych z kilku podjednostek α-glukopiranozy. Zainteresowanie przemysłu farmaceutycznego CDs wynika z jednej strony z łatwości ich pozyskiwania i modyfikacji, z drugiej zaś ze zdolności do tworzenia przez nie kompleksów supramolekularnych z substancjami leczniczymi. Wspomniane właściwości sprawiły, że CDs są wykorzystywane do otrzymywania postaci leków o przedłużonym uwalnianiu. W niniejszym artykule scharakteryzowano budowę CDs i ich właściwości. Ponadto omówiono sposoby ich modyfikacji, a także zastosowania CDs naturalnych i modyfikowanych w przemyśle farmaceutycznym. Przedstawiono również aspekt bezpieczeństwa ich stosowania i metabolizm.
POWSZECHNOŚĆ SUPLEMENTÓW DIETY A ZAGROŻENIA ZWIĄZANE Z ICH STOSOWANIEM
Authors: Stępień Krzysztof Adam , Niewiarowski Jakub , Harasimiuk Anna
Published: August 2022

Suplementy diety na przestrzeni ostatniego dziesięciolecia na stałe wpisały się w świadomość konsumentów na całym świecie. Reklamę tych produktów można znaleźć w środkach masowego przekazu, takich jak, radio, telewizja, prasa, internet. Każda apteka oferuje szeroki asortyment suplementów diety, ponadto produkty te są nabywane w internecie oraz w sklepach. Według danych zawartych w raporcie statystycznym prawie 72% Polaków deklaruje przyjmowanie suplementów diety, z czego połowa przyjmuje je regularnie. Niezwykle proste jest wprowadzenie do obrotu tego typu preparatów. Jedynym wymogiem jest złożenie w siedzibie Głównego Inspektoratu Sanitarnego stosownego oświadczenia. Sprawia to, że rynek suplementów diety w Polsce rozwija się bardzo dynamicznie. Suplementy diety klasyfikowane są jako środki spożywcze. W odróżnieniu od produktów leczniczych nie są one badane pod kątem trwałości, interakcji czy potencjalnych działań niepożądanych. Badania jakości suplementów diety potwierdzają, iż niejednokrotnie preparaty te zawierają niezadeklarowane substancje lub substancje w dawce innej niż deklarowana przez producenta bądź też substancja nie uwalnia się z postaci farmaceutycznej. Stanowi to niekiedy zagrożenie dla zdrowia osób przyjmujących suplementy diety, a jednocześnie jest uzasadnieniem konieczności poddawania ich odpowiednim badaniom jakościowym.
ROŚLINNE KOMÓRKI MACIERZYSTE I ICH ZASTOSOWANIE W KOSMETOLOGII I MEDYCYNIE REGENERACYJNEJ
Authors: Szymanowska Anna , Gornowicz Agnieszka , Bielawska Anna , Bielawski Krzysztof
Published: August 2022

Spośród wszystkich komórek organizmu, komórki macierzyste wykazują wyjątkowe właściwości. Zdolne są zarówno do samoodtwarzania się przez nieograniczony czas, jak i różnicowania się w wyspecjalizowane typy komórek. Większość preparatów i produktów kosmetycznych zawierających w swoim składzie roślinne komórki macierzyste, w rzeczywistości zawiera ekstrakty z komórek macierzystych. Ekstrakty z komórek macierzystych nie są już żywymi komórkami, a właściwości takich preparatów kosmetycznych związane są z zawartością w nich wtórnych metabolitów o działaniu antyoksydacyjnym, przeciwstarzeniowym oraz pobudzającym regenerację skóry. Artykuł omawia wybrane przykłady zastosowania roślinnych komórek macierzystych w kosmetologii i medycynie regeneracyjnej.
PRZYDATNOŚĆ OWOCÓW ROSA SPINOSISSIMA I ROSA HYBRIDA DO PRODUKCJI WYSOKOWITAMINOWYCH SOKÓW MĘTNYCH
Authors: Babis Anna
Published: August 2022

W owocach Rosa hybrida i Rosa spinosissima i w otrzymanych z nich sokach oznaczono zawartość witaminy C, karotenoidów, polifenoli, antocyjanów oraz aktywność przeciwrodnikową wobec DPPH, a uzyskane wyniki porównano z danymi z literatury dla Rosa rugosa. Oceniono także wpływ miejsca zbioru owoców Rosa spinosissima na cechy jakościowe soków z tego surowca oraz wpływ przechowywania w różnych warunkach (30°C, ok. 20°C w jasnym i ciemnym szkle, 4°C i -18°C przez 70 dni) soków z owoców Rosa spinosissima i Rosa hybrida na stabilność witaminy C i innych składników.Hybryda, w porównaniu z Rosa rugosa, zawiera ponad 5-krotnie więcej witaminy C i około 2-krotnie więcej karotenoidów oraz polifenoli. W owocach Rosa spinosissima stężenie antocyjanów jest bardzo wysokie i wynosi 482 - 544 mg/100 g, jednak barwniki te są niestabilne podczas przechowywania, zwłaszcza w wyższych temperaturach (20°C, 30°C) - w tych warunkach ich straty dochodzą do 90%. Miejsce uprawy i zbioru owoców Rosa spinosissima ma istotny wpływ na zawartość witaminy C, antocyjanów i polifenoli w otrzymanych sokach.
KWASY TŁUSZCZOWE - CZYNNIKI MODYFIKUJĄCE PROCESY NOWOTWOROWE
Authors: Jelińska Małgorzata
Published: August 2022

Wiele badań epidemiologicznych i eksperymentalnych wykazało, że obecne w żywności wielonienasycone kwasy tłuszczowe (WNKT) mogą modyfikować ryzyko wystąpienia nowotworów, zwłaszcza piersi, okrężnicy i prostaty. Właściwość ta jest wiązana z relacjami w diecie WNKT z rodziny n-6 i n-3, których stosunek powinien wynosić 4-5:1. Zbyt wysoki stosunek n-6:n-3 WNKT sprzyja powstawaniu nowotworów. Kwasom należącym do rodziny n-3 przypisuje się w tych badaniach działanie ochronne.
WPŁYW METYLACJI DNA NA FUNKCJONOWANIE GENOMU
Authors: Łukasik Marcin , Karmalska Jolanta , Szutowski Mirosław M. , Łukaszkiewicz Jacek
Published: August 2022

W biochemii metylacja odnosi się do zamiany atomu wodoru na grupę metylową. Metylacja DNA jest typem modyfikacji DNA, która może zostać odziedziczona i później usunięta bez zmiany oryginalnej sekwencji DNA. Zostało udowodnione, że metylacja DNA występuje w wielu istotnych biologicznych procesach, takich jak regulacja imprintingu rodzicielskiego, unieczynnienie chromosomu X czy rozwój nowotworów. Artykuł stanowi przegląd informacji o procesie metylacji.
EKSTRAKCJA IN SITU ROŚLINNYCH METABOLITÓW WTÓRNYCH
Authors: Kawka Mateusz , Pilarek Maciej , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

Ekstrakcja in situ, poza izolacją metabolitów roślinnych z układu hodowlanego in vitro, pozwala na intensyfikację ich biosyntezy w hodowanej biomasie roślinnej. Zgodnie z definicją, proces ten polega na ekstrakcji produkowanych metabolitów wtórnych w czasie trwania hodowli przez ich akumulację w dodatkowej fazie układu hodowlanego. Motywowane potencjalnymi korzyściami takiego rozwiązania poszukiwania ekstrahentów oraz adsorbentów in situ, nietoksycznych dla biomasy oraz selektywnych względem metabolitów wtórnych, zaowocowały licznymi opisanymi w literaturze naukowej eksperymentami. Stosunkowo nowym podejściem jest zastosowanie w roli dodatkowej fazy ekstracyjnej in situ ciekłych perfluorozwiązków. Znane dotychczas jako efektywne nośniki gazów, charakteryzują się one brakiem istotnych oddziaływań względem rozpuszczonych w nich cząsteczek. Skutkuje to łatwością w uwalnianiu gazów przez granicę faz ciecz-ciecz układu hodowlanego. Ponadto, perfluorozwiązki są nierozpuszczalne w wodzie, tworząc względem wodnego medium hodowlanego oddzielną, dolną fazę w układzie. Cechy te, w połączeniu z brakiem toksycznego wpływu na żywe komórki oraz selektywnością względem metabolitów roślinnych, uzasadniają rosnące zainteresowanie aplikacją ciekłych perfluorozwiązków w roli ekstrahenta in situ.
ROŚLINNE METABOLITY JAKO KLUCZOWY BIOPRODUKT BIOTECHNOLOGII ROŚLIN
Authors: Kawka Mateusz , Pilarek Maciej , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka
Published: August 2022

Produkcja farmaceutycznie wartościowych metabolitów wtórnych z wykorzystaniem biomasy roślinnej hodowanej in vitro pozwala na ścisłą kontrolę warunków układu hodowlanego. Ta metoda może stanowić ekonomicznie uzasadnioną alternatywę wobec metod konwencjonalnych pod warunkiem odpowiednio wysokiej wydajności otrzymywanych związków. Obecnie wiele uwagi poświęca się badaniom nad optymalizacją warunków hodowli in vitro, dążąc do intensyfikacji procesów biosyntezy i wzrostu biomasy pożądanych roślinnych metabolitów wtórnych.
KOKRYSZTAŁY – NOWA FORMA LEKU
Authors: Sokal Agnieszka , Pindelska Edyta
Published: August 2022

Zjawisko kokrystalizacji znane było już 160 lat temu. Kokryształy są homogennymi strukturami krystalicznymi zawierającymi dwa lub więcej komponentów występujących w stosunku stechiometrycznym. Komponenty te to neutralne ciała stałe. Stosowanie procesu kokrystalizacji jako metody otrzymywania nowych form substancji farmaceutycznie czynnych (API - Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) rozpoczęto dopiero pod koniec ubiegłego stulecia. W ostatnich latach liczba publikacji na ten temat znacząco wzrosła. Zainteresowanie wynika przede wszystkim z możliwości zastąpienia słabo rozpuszczalnych soli substancji biologicznie czynnych przez kokryształy tych substancji. Szczególne znaczenie mają właściwości fizykochemiczne kokryształów, które można modyfikować i w ten sposób wpływać na farmakodynamiczne właściwości kokrystalizującej substancji leczniczej. Możliwa jest znaczna poprawa rozpuszczalności, stabilności, jak również biodostępności, co ma istotne znaczenie.
Gesammelte Schriften
Authors: Birus Hendrik
Published: August 2022

Band 1 der auf drei Bände angelegten Schriften des Komparatisten und Goethe-Forschers Hendrik Birus.

Die »Gesammelten Schriften« des Münchener Literaturwissenschaftlers Hendrik Birus werden in drei Bänden dessen weltweit verstreut erschienene Vorträge und Abhandlungen aus den Jahren 1980 bis 2020 enthalten und eine Summe seines wissenschaftlichen Schaffens ziehen. Der nun vorliegende erste Band enthält thematisch geordnet seine Untersuchungen zur Allgemeinen und Vergleichenden Literaturwissenschaft im Spannungsfeld von Philologie und Philosophie.

Die Bände 2 und 3 werden 2021 erscheinen. Die Studien in Band 2 beschäftigen sich vor allem mit der deutschen Literatur von Lessing bis Celan aus komparatistischer Sicht, Band 3 wird Birus’ Goethe-Studien enthalten.

Aus dem Inhalt von Band 1:

Am Schnittpunkt von Komparatistik und Germanistik:

Die Idee der Weltliteratur

»Vor Augen stellen«: Das Problem der Anschaulichkeit in der klassischen Metapherntheorie

Kulturwissenschaftliche Literaturwissenschaft: Auf den Spuren von Böckh und Nietzsche, Burckhardt, Warburg und Benjamin

Psychoanalyse literarischer Werke? Alternativen der Freudschen Literaturinterpretation

Hermeneutik und Strukturalismus. Eine kritische Rekonstruktion ihres Verhältnisses am Beispiel Schleiermachers und Jakobsons.

Michel Foucault - ein »Germanist«?

Derridas »Schibboleth - pour Paul Celan« als Antwort auf Heideggers »Die Sprache im Gedicht«
Nichtehelichkeit als Normalität
Authors: Orth Karin
Published: August 2022

»Unehelichkeit« als Normalität in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts: Eine mikrohistorische Studie über Familie und Sexualität.

Außerhalb der Ehe geborene Kinder stellen heute keine Besonderheit dar. Ganz anders vor 200 Jahren: Im frühen 19. Jahrhundert stieg die Rate der unehelichen Kinder von zuvor zwei bis vier Prozent auf nun über 20 Prozent an, lokal – etwa im Südwesten des Großherzogtums Baden – sogar auf über 60 Prozent. Dieser enorme Anstieg wurde registriert, vielfach kommentiert und von bürgerlicher wie kirchlicher Seite häufig als bedrohlich empfunden.

Karin Orth untersucht an zwei regionalen badischen Fallbeispielen und der Schweizer Metropole Basel die strukturellen Ursachen dieses Anstiegs und zeigt die Praktiken, Erfahrungen und Auswirkungen der »Illegitimität« auf: »Männerbekanntschaften« und der nichteheliche »Beyschlaf«, (verheimlichte) Schwangerschaft und Niederkunft, »Kindsaussetzung« und »Kindsmord« sowie das Gebären im Basler Bürgerspital. Im Zentrum stehen rund 400 ledige junge Frauen aus dem badischen Südwesten. Sie waren mehrheitlich in unterbäuerlichen Familien aufgewachsen, die in Baden »Unehelichkeit« als Normalität lebten, und transferierten dieses Muster der nichtehelichen Familiengründung nach Basel. An ihrem Beispiel wird der Mikrokosmos der »Unehelichkeit« exemplarisch analysiert.
Srebrenica überleben
Authors: Hasanović Hasan
Published: August 2022

Der ergreifende Bericht eines Überlebenden eines der schlimmsten Kriegsverbrechen in Europa seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg.

Die männliche bosnische Bevölkerung der Stadt Srebrenica wurde 1995 Opfer eines Massakers, bei dem etwa 8000 Menschen zwischen 13 und 78 Jahren ermordet wurden.

»Srebrenica überleben« ist der persönliche Bericht eines bosnischen Muslims, Hasan Hasanović, über die Zeit des Bosnienkrieges. Aufgewachsen in einem Dorf in der Nähe von Srebrenica schildert der Autor, wie durch den beginnenden Krieg Misstrauen, Hass und Gewalt in die örtliche Lebenswelt Einzug halten. Hasanović erzählt eindrücklich vom »Alltag« während der dreijährigen Belagerung Srebrenicas durch bosnisch-serbische Truppen unter Ratko Mladic: die Gefahr durch Bomben und Scharfschützen, die Angst, den Mangel, den Hunger, aber auch über die Solidarität untereinander, über Bildung und Kultur und über die später so bitter enttäuschten Hoffnungen auf die UN-Truppen. Mit vielen anderen Männern gerät Hasanović nach der Einnahme von Srebrenica in eine wilde Flucht, ständig unter Beschuss der serbischen Truppen. Erst nach mehreren Tagen erreicht Hasanović freies Gebiet.

»Srebrenica überleben« ist die kraftvolle Schilderung eines Lebens – und eines schrecklichen Erlebens.
KRAS Mutation in Endometriosis-Associated Ovarian Borderline and Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Authors: Sarmadi Soheila , Izadi-Mood Narges , Fakhari Marzieh , Shahsiah Reza , Miri Rosa , Mozafari Maniya
Published: August 2022

Background: Endometriosis is a common disease among women with the capacity to transform into ovarian neoplasms. KRAS mutation is a keystone in tumor-genesis of many malignant neoplasms. Objectives: In the current study, we investigated KRAS mutations in endometriosis-associated ovarian borderline and malignant epithelial tumors. Methods: The specimens of 42 consecutive patients undergoing a surgical procedure whose final diagnosis comprised endometriosis-associated borderline and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors including 12 borderline epithelial tumors and 30 ovarian epithelial carcinomas were histopathologically reviewed. All cases were evaluated regarding the type of tumor, differentiation and simultaneous presence of endometriosis or atypical endometriosis. DNA extraction from the selected paraffin block was done and mutation of codons 12 and 13 was assessed. Results: Due to the quality of genomic DNA for PCR study was not acceptable in 6 out of 42 cases, among remaining 36 cases, KRAS mutation was observed in 6 cases including 2 cases with mutations in 2nd base of 12th codon (G→T), 3 cases with substitution of G→A in the 2nd base of 12th codon, and one with substitution of G→T in the 1st base of 12th codon. Conclusions: We evaluated the KRAS mutation in the spectrum of ovarian epithelial tumors associated with endometriosis for treatment approaches including targeted therapies. Our results suggested a possible link between KRAS mutation and endometriosis-associated ovarian borderline and malignant tumors but there was no convincing evidence to prove a definite linkage.
The Evolution of Reason Giving and Confirmation Bias
Authors: Koreň Ladislav ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: August 2022

In their own way, inferentialists and interactionists both trace the roots of reflective reasoning to practices and skills for making, assessing, and responding to public performances in communicative practices of giving and asking for reasons. Inferentialists have developed the idea mostly on conceptual grounds. Interactionists ask, in a more empirical spirit, why and how such practices and skills might have evolved. Thus they promise complementary “anthropological” insights of foremost interest to inferentialists. But interactionist theories advance a number of controversial claims that deserve careful scrutiny. In this essay I focus on one such claim: namely that confirmation bias can be plausibly explained as a design feature that promotes postulated functions of interactive reasoning. And I argue that each of three extant proposals fails to make the claim good.
Scientific Representation: An Inferentialist-Expressivist Manifesto
Authors: Khalifa Kareem , Millson Jared , Risjord Mark ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: August 2022

This essay presents a fully inferentialist-expressivist account of scientific representation. In general, inferentialist approaches to scientific representation argue that the capacity of a model to represent a target system depends on inferences from models to target systems (surrogative inference). Inferentialism is attractive because it makes the epistemic function of models central to their representational capacity. Prior inferentialist approaches to scientific representation, however, have depended on some representational element, such as denotation or representational force. Brandom’s Making It Explicit provides a model of how to fully discharge such representational vocabulary, but it cannot be applied directly to scientific representations. Pursuing a strategy parallel to Brandom’s, this essay begins with an account of how surrogative inference is justified. Scientific representation and the denotation of model elements are then explained in terms of surrogative inference by treating scientific representation and denotation as expressive, analogous to Brandom’s account of truth. The result is a thoroughgoing inferentialism: M is a scientific representation of T if and only if M has scientifically justified surrogative consequences that are answers to questions about T.
Norms, Reasons, and Anthropological Naturalism
Authors: Glock Hans-Johann ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: August 2022

This article addresses the two most important areas of potential conflict between inferentialism and naturalism, namely normativity and rationality. Concerning the first, it sides with inferentialism, while at the same time developing a normativist position less vulnerable to naturalistic objections. There is nothing problematic or mysterious about semantic normativity or normativity in general. But one needs to distinguish different types of normativity and recognize that statements of norms can be perfectly truth-apt. Concerning the second area of conflict, my verdict is partly naturalistic. It rejects overly intellectualist accounts of the normative practices that underlie meaning and content. The article ends with a plea for an ‘anthropological’ naturalism that eschews both ontological supernaturalism and epistemological naturalism.
From Tools to Rules
Authors: Weiss Bernhard ,   University of Arkansas Press
Published: August 2022

The paper is interested in likely routes for the evolution of normative practice, which, it is here assumed, is a necessary precursor to the development of language. It argues that each normative practice requires a policing practice, consisting of, at least, moves of commendation, condemnation, and retraction, and it contrasts policing with mere monitoring practice. So the evolution of norms can be seen to be the development of policing from mere monitoring practice. It conjectures that a likely site for such a development to take place is in the active transmission of technology, notably, toolmaking technology. Using data and observations drawn from the archaeological record and the psychology of mimicry, it attempts to illustrate the likely emergence of policing practices.
China and its region: An assessment of hegemonic prospects
Authors: Vučetić Srđan
Published: August 2022

Will China's rise lead to Chinese hegemony? Most International Relations scholars would answer in the negative, contending the road to a global hegemony remains well beyond Beijing's interests and capabilities. In Asia, however, China's formidable economy, technological advancement, rapidly modernizing military forces, and recent geopolitical moves look outright hegemonic - a fact that United States attempts to "pivot" and "rebalance" to that region have put into sharp relief. To assess the prospects of a new regional hegemony, this article considers the "economic," "security" and "cultural" relations of eleven Asian states with both Beijing and Washington. The overall results induce skepticism about the latter's ability to reorder the region. Although growing and in some cases significant, China's provision of international goods to neighboring countries still pales in comparison to that centered on the United States and its allies. Sightings of an Asian Pax Sinica are at best premature.
The AP Role in Clinical Research: 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights for the Advanced Practitioner
Authors: Koselke, PharmD, BCOP Elizabeth , Braun-Inglis, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP Christa
Published: August 2022

Elizabeth Koselke, PharmD, BCOP, of The US Oncology Network, describes a clinical pharmacist intervention to screen patients and improve clinical trial enrollment. Christa Braun-Inglis, DNP, APRN, FNP-BC, AOCNP®, of the University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center, details a team approach to both increase clinical trial accrual and improve clinical trial conduct.
Melanoma: 2022 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights for the Advanced Practitioner
Authors: McGettigan, MSN, CRNP, AOCN Suzanne
Published: August 2022

Suzanne McGettigan, MSN, CRNP, AOCN®, of Abramson Cancer Center of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, reviews data on adjuvant therapy in stage IIB or IIC melanoma and omitting lymph node dissection and adjuvant therapy in patients with resectable stage III melanoma with major pathologic response.
Individual, Family, and Work Factors Influencing the Psychosocial Well-being of Working Mothers with Preschool Children
Authors: Choe Myeong Ae , An Jeong Shin
Published: August 2022

This study examined the factors influencing the psychosocial well-being of working mothers of preschool children. It investigated the mediation effects of sociological ambivalence in the relations of psychosocial well-being with a family-supportive work environment and with the gender-role stereotype of family members. In addition, it tested the moderated mediation effects of the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace and meta-mood. Data were obtained from 476 working mothers of preschool children. Using SPSS 25.0, Cronbach's alpha reliability was calculated, descriptive statistics were generated, and Pearson’s correlation analysis performed. Mediation and moderated mediation analyses were carried out using the SPSS process macro 3.5 program. The main results were as follows: first, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and a family-supportive work environment. The mediating effect of sociological ambivalence was moderated by emotional attention, a sub-factor of meta-mood. Second, sociological ambivalence mediated the relationship between psychosocial well-being and the genderrole stereotype of family members. In addition, the traditional gender-role attitudes in workplace moderated the mediating effect of sociological ambivalence on the relationship between the gender-role stereotype of family members and psychosocial well-being. These results can be used to inform discussion on changing policy and education to improve the psychosocial well-being of working mothers with preschool children.
A Practical Exploration of Comprehensive Sexuality Education by Home Economics Teachers Based on an Ecological Model of Teacher Agency
Authors: Lee Hyewon , Park Mi Jeong
Published: August 2022

Based on an ecological model of teacher agency, the purpose of this study was to examine the relevance of HE (home economics) subjects and CSE (comprehensive sexuality education) for HE teachers, and their implementation in HE classes. To achieve this, a survey was conducted with HE teachers nationwide for which 243 responses were collected, and interviews were conducted with five HE teachers who were actively practicing CSE. The results of the survey and interview were as follows. First, HE teachers strongly recognized the relevance of HE subjects and the topic of CSE with an average score of 4.63 (out of 5 points), and practiced CSE at an average of 72.23% (97.12%~43.21%) in their class. Second, based on the ecological approach model of teacher agency, the factors facilitating the CSE practice of HE teachers included: childbirth and parenting experienced as parents, experiences of students encountering sexual problems in school, the philosophy and content of HE subjects, positive feedback from students and support from fellow teachers, and intention to help students in their lives. Conversely, HE teachers cited a lack of sexual education experience as learners, complaints from parents, weakness of HE teacher networks, lack of specific statements in curriculum and textbooks, insufficient class content and teacher training, and lack of absolute class time. This study is significant in revealing that CSE is highly relevant to the contents of HE subjects and is already being practiced in HE classes.
A Study on the Typologies of Family Values by Generation using Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Shin Youngmi
Published: August 2022

This study identified and compared family values within and across different generations concerning gender roles, attitudes toward diverse families, children, and parental roles. Data were obtained from the 2020 Seoul Family Report Survey. There were 1,949 study subjects, including first- and second-generation baby boomers and individuals in generations X, Y, and Z in Korea. Latent profile analyses were conducted using M-plus. Perceptions and views concerning family values were classified into different types. The main findings were as follows. Two types were identified among first baby boomers, and three were identified among second baby boomers. Most of the first and second baby boomers belonged to the “moderate” type. Two types were detected among those in Generation X. Regarding gender roles, most views of Generation X were slightly progressive, while their other family values were more moderate. Three types were identified among those in Generation Y: “progressive,” “moderate,” and “very liberal.” Generation Z was identified as a “progressive” group. This study provides basic data to explore the direction of the coexistence of generations by identifying and comparing diverse family values within and across generations.
The Mediation Effects of Depressive Symptoms on the Association between Social Activity Participation and Marital Satisfaction among Couples in Later Life: Using APIMeM Modeling
Authors: Kim Yulri , Joo Susanna , Lee Yeseul , Kim Hyoun K.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed at examining the mediation effects of depressive symptoms on the association between social activity participation and marital satisfaction among couples in later life. The study included 1,196 married couples aged 65 or above who participated in the 7th Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging in 2018. The study variables were husbands’ and wives’ social activity participation, marital satisfaction, and depressive symptoms. Covariates were individual age, education level, subjective health, couples’ household income, and number of children. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) and bootstrapping techniques were used to test the significance of the mediating impacts of depressive symptoms based on the dyadic data structure. The results showed that for both husbands and wives, active participation in social activities had significant effects on increasing marital satisfaction through lowering depressive symptoms. However, only the participation of husbands in social activities was positively associated with their own marital satisfaction by reducing their own and their partner’s depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that the active social participation of individuals salient for promoting the quality of marital relationships in later life, particularly for preventing their own and their spouse’s depressive symptoms.
Designing an Educational Environment in Six Steps: Teaching for Understanding and the Motivation for Understanding
Authors: Harpaz Yoram
Published: August 2022

The first part of this article describes in brief the Six Steps methodology for designing educational environments—be they K-12 schools, tertiary institutions, community centers, youth movements, or the like—as set forth in my book Educational Design in Six Steps: A Strategic and Practical Scaffold (Routledge 2020). The second part of the article illustrates application of the Six Steps method in designing an educational environment the aims of which are teaching for understanding and the motivation for understanding.
Impact of Waiving Out-of-Pocket Access Fees on HIV Testing and Linkage Services in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: C. Owhonda G. , Eze-Emiri C. N. , Edewor U. , S. Dakum P. , O. Mensah C. , O. Olupitan K.
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The financial implications of accessing health services negatively impact end-users and result in the non-utilization of healthcare services in most resource-poor countries. Direct and indirect costs of access to HIV services impede the uptake and adherence to ART, thereby hindering viral suppression in these regions. Evidence showed that out-of-pocket user fee waivers effectively improve access to healthcare services and expand their utilization. The payment of out-of-pocket user fees to access HIV services in Rivers State affected linkage to ART and was consequently waived to increase uptake of HIV services. The study aimed to determine the waiver's impact on linkage to ART.

Methods:  descriptive trend study to determine the difference in linkage to ART services following the waiver of access fees using data collected from the HIV control program, Rivers State.

Findings: There was a gradual increase in the Number of individuals who received HIV Testing Services (HTS) and received their test results (HTS_TST_POS) after the implementation of the user fee waiver, the total HTS_TST_POS during the study period was 157,525; with a mean (IQR) of 1101.57 (107, 2061) HTS_TST_POS per week. The increase occurred between the third quarter of 2019 and the second quarter of 2021, after which a decline occurred. The waiver of the out-of-pocket payments policy was announced about week 8 of 2021, after which linkage to ART consistently tethered above 90%. The weekly mean (IQR) value of linkage to ART was 98.7% (76.6%, 105.9%); and ranged between 94% to 100% within yearly quarters; there was a 100% linkage to ART throughout the year 2021. The total number of persons currently on treatment increased from 21,914 to 173,212.

Conclusion: Although the evidence supporting the effectiveness of user fee waiver as an intervention is debatable, removing out-of-pocket payments to access HIV services was effective in Rivers State and significantly improved linkage to ART.
Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Consultations at the General Reference Hospital of Makiso in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Emakanya Briston Mongita Esol’e , Basilwa Ghislain Nsilulu , Likoke Flavien Mongita Etisomba , Lofeta Bernard Bolungwa , Mosongolia Jacques Baitoasola
Published: August 2022

Infections during pregnancy are a source of premature onset of labour, of ectopic pregnancy in women and of infections, especially of the eyes and lungs, in newborns. A third of women usually suffer from urinary tract infection before the age of 24. Bacteria are the cause of most urinary tract infections. Women are much more affected than men because their urethra is shorter and facilitates the entry of bacteria into the bladder. These infections rank 2nd (15%) among the contributing causes of maternal deaths worldwide. This descriptive-analytical study aims to determine the prevalence of urinary infection in pregnant women by the presence of white blood cells and epithelial cells in the urinary sediment. Of 215 pregnant women who came to the Makiso Reference General Hospital for Prenatal Consultation, Only 85 have agreed to give their urine for microscopic examination in the laboratory during the period from September 10 to December 10, 2021. This analysis shows that out of a total of 85 respondents, 56.5% of cases are positive compared to 43.5% of negative cases. High infection was observed in pregnant women from the Makiso commune (62.5%); the most affected age group was 32-41 years (37.5%); the age group 42 years and over had only one case (2%). 32.9% of infected pregnant women have no level of study; This study provides more information on urinary tract infection in pregnant women who came for Prenatal Consultation.
Analysis of Donor Deferral in a Tertiary Health Institution in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: O. Olusanya Temitope , Ogunlowo Abimbola , T. Boyede Olusola , S. Okafor Uchenna , A. Onifade Adedolapo , Fayiga Ayodele , Adaramola-Adepegba Mary F. , J. Adeniyi Oluwasegun , A. Kemiki Olalekan , S. Abiodun Ifeoluwa
Published: August 2022

Aim: This study aimed at evaluating the deferral pattern among blood donors, in order to draw out lessons that will help canvass for a strengthened policy framework and encourage better outcomes in voluntary blood donation.

Study Design: This was a retrospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: All the data were sourced from the central database of donors, as recorded by the Haematology Department of Babcock University Teaching Hospital Ilisan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria.  The data used spanned through a period of 5 years, from 2017 to 2021.

Methodology: A total of 7,362 voluntary and non-remunerated blood donors were included in this study. Their records were accessed and used for the study. Data were analysed using SPSS version 25. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results: In this study, half (50.2%) of the entire population of volunteers were between the ages of 18 and 30 years while only 3.7% of them were between 51 and 60 years of age. There were more male volunteers for blood donation compared to the females who only represented 10.8% of the population. 61% of the voluntary donors were accepted for blood donation while 39% were regarded as unfit and hence, deferred. The 3 main reasons for deferral in this study were inadequate hemoglobin (54.7% of deferral cases), unmatched blood group (30.9%) and transfusion transmissible infections (14.4%). Age and gender had a statistically significant (P < 0.05) relationship with the pattern of deferral of the volunteers.

Conclusion: The high deferral rate observed in this study may reveal an urgent need for a community-based intervention and targeted efforts by necessary agencies to help improve the general health status of possible future voluntary blood donors.
Optimization of Submerged Fermentation Parameters for Enhanced Lipase Production from Newly Isolated Lipolytic Yeasts using Agro Waste Substrates
Authors: Akinduyite A. E. , O. Abu G. , K. Agwa O.
Published: August 2022

Fungi are currently recognized as the most preferred sources of lipase due to their ability to produce copious amount of extracellular lipase with lower production’s and extraction’s costs. Lipase production was carried out in agro wastes formulated-liquid fermentation media at 300C, at 130rpm, at initial pH of 7 for 96 hours using newly isolated LipA gene identified yeasts [Pichia kudriavzevii ENS1 [Accession No: OL546800], Candida orthopsilosis PMS3 [Accession No: OL546803] and Saccharomyces cerevisiae PMS8 [Accession No: OL546805] at inoculum size of 2%. Agrowastes such as Mango kernel and orange peel were used as alternative carbon sources; beans hull and groundnut shell as nitrogen sources while lipidic sources such as olive oil, soyabeans oil, palm oil, groundnut oil and coconut oil were used as inducers. Single factor optimization process was carried out to determine the effects of carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inducers, incubation time, inoculum size, pH and carbon: nitrogen ratio on lipase production and cell growth. Extraction by filtration, centrifugation and acetone precipitation; Quantitative lipase assay using titrimetric method and Cell growth by measuring optic density at 600nm were done. Proximate analysis of the agro-waste substrates showed higher percentage of carbohydrate and crude fat in mango kernel powder at 68.05±0.56% and 19.54±0.62% while groundnut shell recorded higher crude protein at 11.63±0.05%. Single factor optimization study showed optimum lipase production and cell growth at 50.83±1.18u/ml/min and 0.69±0.00[OD] with Candida orthopsilosis PMS3[Accession No: OL546803] using hot water treated mango kernel hydrolysate as carbon source. The results from this study showed that mango kernel would be an economical alternative carbon source for industrial-scale lipase production.