bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Restoring Tennessee Williams’s Production of the 1950s Primal Scene
Authors: Pease Donald E.
Published: April 2015

“Cat on a Hot Tin Roof: Restoring Tennessee Williams’s Production of the 1950s Primal Scene” explores the productive exchanges between the domains of drama and psychoanalysis by removing the “primal scene” from its embeddedness within psychoanalytic theory and resituating it within a contemporary drama, Tennessee Williams’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, in which the playwright put the primal scene to the work of countering the dramaturgy of the Cold War state. Pease specifically resituates Freud’s theorization of the primal scene in the Wolf Man case within the dramatic context of Tennessee Williams’s Cat on a Hot Tin Roof to restore what Pease calls the primal scene of 1950s masculinity constructions.
Antigone Again: Conspiracy and Curse
Authors: Holmes Brooke
Published: April 2015

Bonnie Honig’s recently published book, Antigone, Interrupted, is a significant new contribution to ongoing debates in philosophy, political theory, and literary studies about the reception of Sophocles’s Antigone. This review analyzes the strengths of Honig’s readings, the theory of “agonistic humanism” that they support, and the book’s deft navigation of the relationship between interpretation and theorizing. It also queries the emphasis on Antigone’s quest for sovereignty at the cost of acknowledging her imbrication in ancestral curse and tragic frames of agency and advocates more attention to the different modes in which Antigone and those around her speak to the audience and to one another.
Proust among the Politicians
Authors: Bagley Sarah
Published: April 2015

This essay reviews Jacqueline Rose’s Proust among the Nations and Christopher Prendergast’s Mirages and Mad Beliefs: Proust the Skeptic in light of the political implications of their readings of In Search of Lost Time. Rose skillfully investigates explicit references to anti-Semitism and the Dreyfus Affair but downplays the political implications of Proust’s aesthetics. Her focus on psychoanalysis leads her incorrectly to interpret his lucidity about Marcel’s cruelty as latent repudiation. Prendergast invokes nation and citizenship in his analysis of Proustian skepticism but largely neglects broader political trends. His belief that the Search’s argument is holistic rather than progressive also undermines his pivotal analysis of illusion. Although Rose and Prendergast give careful and productive readings of Proust, their commitment to redeeming his vision exposes flaws in their analysis. This essay then proposes that In Search of Lost Time contains important clues to the working of contemporary American politics, specifically the mind-set of the Republican Far Right. In both, fears of otherness and helplessness lead to conservative myths of redemption that privilege adherence to ideology over prevention of human suffering. Republicans craft stories that position them as involuntary victims, even as they act as aggressors. Issues including the racial politics of Barack Obama’s presidency, income inequality, gun control, the “War on Women,” and gay marriage all share similarities with the ideology of Proust’s aesthetics. This essay concludes that finding these structural similarities, even where Rose and Prendergast would not wish to see them, is essential to discovering how to combat them.
Bridging the Social Chasm in Geographically Distributed R&D Teams: The Moderating Effects of Relational Strength and Status Asymmetry on the Novelty of Team Innovation
Authors: Tzabbar Daniel , Vestal Alex
Published: April 2015

The access to the diverse information that teams gain through the geographic dispersion of their members is argued to increase the likelihood that they will produce more novel innovations. Although valuable, such dispersion also increases communication and coordination costs, making it difficult to utilize this information in developing new knowledge. To resolve this theoretical dilemma, we investigate the conditions that alter the effect of team members’ geographic dispersion on innovative novelty. Based on an investigation of 7,162 scientific teams in the biotechnology sector between 1973 and 1999, we argue and demonstrate that the degree of teams’ innovative novelty is curvilinear: it increases and then decreases as the geographic dispersion of the team members increases. We also establish that the effect of geographic dispersion on the novelty of a team’s innovation depends on the team’s social environment. The greater the relational strength among research and development team members, the stronger the initial positive effect of their geographic dispersion, and the weaker the negative effect at higher levels of dispersion. Furthermore, the greater the status asymmetry in a team, the weaker the initial positive effect of geographic dispersion, and the stronger the negative effect at high levels of dispersion. These results offer insights into the social mechanisms that can facilitate the realization of the potential embedded in dispersed teams to generate novel innovation.
Recognising metastatic spinal cord compression
Authors: Bowers Ben
Published: April 2015

Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a potentially life changing oncological emergency. Neurological function and quality of life can be preserved if patients receive an early diagnosis and rapid access to acute interventions to prevent or reduce nerve damage. Symptoms include developing spinal pain, numbness or weakness in arms or legs, or unexplained changes in bladder and bowel function. Community nurses are well placed to pick up on the ‘red flag’ symptoms of MSCC and ensure patients access prompt, timely investigations to minimise damage.
Safe and effective catheterisation for patients in the community
Authors: Bardsley Alison
Published: April 2015

Approximately 450 000 people use long-term urinary catheters in the UK. Permanent catheters are used by 3% of the community population and occupy an estimated 4% of a district nurse's caseload in the UK. Catheterisation is defined as ‘drainage or aspiration of the bladder or urinary reservoir’ and can be intermittent or indwelling. Long-term indwelling catheterisation can be transurethral or suprapubic via the anterior abdominal wall. This article will discuss the safe and effective use of different forms of catheterisation for patients in the community setting.
Repair of articular osteochondral defects of the knee joint using a composite lamellar scaffold
Authors: Lv Y. M. , Yu Q. S.
Published: April 2015

Objectives

The major problem with repair of an articular cartilage injury is the extensive difference in the structure and function of regenerated, compared with normal cartilage. Our work investigates the feasibility of repairing articular osteochondral defects in the canine knee joint using a composite lamellar scaffold of nano-ß-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP)/collagen (col) I and II with bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) and assesses its biological compatibility.

Methods

The bone–cartilage scaffold was prepared as a laminated composite, using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nano-HAP)/collagen I/copolymer of polylactic acid–hydroxyacetic acid as the bony scaffold, and sodium hyaluronate/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) as the cartilaginous scaffold. Ten-to 12-month-old hybrid canines were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group. BMSCs were obtained from the iliac crest of each animal, and only those of the third generation were used in experiments. An articular osteochondral defect was created in the right knee of dogs in both groups. Those in the experimental group were treated by implanting the composites consisting of the lamellar scaffold of ß-TCP/col I/col II/BMSCs. Those in the control group were left untreated.

Results

After 12 weeks of implantation, defects in the experimental group were filled with white semi-translucent tissue, protruding slightly over the peripheral cartilage surface. After 24 weeks, the defect space in the experimental group was filled with new cartilage tissues, finely integrated into surrounding normal cartilage. The lamellar scaffold of ß-TCP/col I/col II was gradually degraded and absorbed, while new cartilage tissue formed. In the control group, the defects were not repaired.

Conclusion

This method can be used as a suitable scaffold material for the tissue-engineered repair of articular cartilage defects. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:56–64
Temporal Heterogeneity Metrics in Apoptosis Induced by Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Vorobjev Ivan , Barteneva Natasha S.
Published: April 2015

The apoptotic process is highly heterogeneous and asynchronous. A long-standing question is how many parameters define the time and reversibility of the apoptotic response at a single-cell level. We characterized at the single-cell and population levels the time sequence of apoptotic events in response to anti-cancer drugs using extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic stimuli. We show that the temporal sequence of major apoptotic events is the same in response to all anti-cancer drugs studied: the apoptotic volume decrease and Na+ influx occur rapidly and are tightly coordinated with mitochondrial outer membrane depolarization (MOMP), mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization and a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Phosphatidylserine externalization usually starts after MOMP and precedes caspase 3/7 activation. Activation of caspases 3/7 is a slow process that always starts after MOMP, with significant delay. Cell-to-cell variability of the MOMP onset is described by Gaussian distribution, whereas the γ-distribution model describes cellular variability in the duration of MOMP-to-caspase activation stages. Cells from the pre-MOMP stage to the after-caspase 3/7 activation stage coexist for many hours. We demonstrated by FACS that cells in the pre-MOMP stage can recover after apoptotic stimuli, rarely recover after MOMP but before caspase 3/7 activation, and are unable to recover after caspase 3/7 activation. We propose a double-stroke model for apoptosis execution.
The electronic editor
Authors: Graham Elyse
Published: April 2015

This article is a study of literary mediation in the age of the e-book. It focuses on a specific editorial project being undertaken by scholarly editors in the present day, when the late age of print is giving way to the digital age. The author argues that the present moment represents a deceptively strong period for print publishing, but an uncertain and experimental period for literature, a time when the values and practices that order the literary field are no longer well-defined. The spread of digital culture is reconfiguring the make-up of the reading public, shaping readers as ‘prosumers’ who at once consume and manipulate content. Just as importantly, hyper-mediation and media convergence are forcing critics to confront an ‘unbinding of the book’ that began in practice decades before the Internet age. As professional mediators, editors occupy an ideal position to register the opportunities and the pressures of these processes, whether they are literary entrepreneurs or scholars implicated in literature as an institution. Their efforts to delimit literary texts and sell them as a particular kind of cultural institution show how the game of literature and its rules of play change shape under the pressures of new media configurations and new social worlds.
Webscapes: An academic vision for Digital Humanities Projects on the web
Authors: Robin Bernard , McNeil Sara
Published: April 2015

An overarching goal of the Instructional Technology Programme at the University of Houston has been to help students in our graduate courses learn technology skills by involving them in web-based ‘Digital Humanities Projects’ with local non-profit organizations. In this article, we discuss the benefits and challenges associated with the collaborative design, development and evaluation of real-world projects with community stakeholders serving as clients. Over the past decade, we have developed and used Webscapes, a theoretical model that serves as the framework for the creation of these projects. We define Webscapes as information landscapes, delivered over the web, which include a rich variety of content; challenging, cognitive explorations; intuitive navigation structures; and user-oriented interfaces. We describe the characteristics of the model and include reflections from students and community partners about accomplishments and challenges they faced. We also provide examples and discussion of Webscape projects, several of which have been completed, two that are ongoing and one that is in the early stage of development.
From hand scroll to iPad app: Transforming Helen Douglas’ The Pond at Deuchar
Authors: Williamson Beth
Published: April 2015

This article takes as its point of focus the work of book artist Helen Douglas. Douglas’ The Pond at Deuchar of 2011 is a hand scroll, measuring 14 metres long and printed on Chinese paper in small edition. Rendered digitally as a prototype iPad app, the 2012 version of The Pond at Deuchar has the potential to become widely available to new readers. At the same time, it radically alters our experience of the work as screen replaces paper and new gestures replace the act of rolling and unrolling. In its digital rendering there is, perhaps, nothing but surface, except that zoom technology enables a more immersive engagement of sorts. It is a focus upon surface, however, that underscores the tension between virtual and visceral, analogue and digital, page and screen. That surface becomes the site of our imagining and, in Jacques Rancière’s terms, ‘the place of a taking-place’. At once reassessing and reaffirming the paper scroll, Douglas’ iPad app offers restitution to the idea of the book, or scroll, providing new modes of engagement and a new surface to explore. Here each form of the work supports the other, while informing our understanding of both.
Digital Analogies:
Authors: Moseley Roger
Published: April 2015

Relating evidence from the mythological to the contemporary in both historical and media-archaeological registers, this article explores how techniques of sonic generation and representation shuttled between what might be defined as digital and analog domains long before the terms acquired their present meanings—and became locked in a binary opposition—over the latter half of the twentieth century. It proposes that such techniques be conceptualized via the “digital analogy,” a critical strategy that accounts for the nesting of techno-musical configurations. While the scope of digital analogies is expansive, the focus here falls on a particular interface and mode of engagement. The interface is the keyboard; the mode of engagement is the play, both ludic and musical, that the keyboard affords. Operations at the keyboard have been integral to ludic communication and computation as well as to the practices of composition, performance, and improvisation. To map out this genealogy and to show how it continues to inform loci of musical play from sound art to digital games, the article draws on an array of critical and theoretical texts including Friedrich Kittler’s media analyses, Vilém Flusser’s writings on technology, and post-Foucauldian discourses on cultural techniques.
The Kitchen God Returns to Heaven [Ông Táo Về Trời]
Authors: McAllister Patrick , Luckman Thi Cam Tu
Published: April 2015

In Vietnam, the Kitchen God is the subject of a special ritual that occurs in most households a week or so before Tết, the lunar new year, that is designed to facilitate this deity’s annual return to heaven. This ritual and its associated beliefs are the subject of the first part of this paper. We then turn to another Tết event, the annual TV comedy show based on the Kitchen God, called “Meeting Each Other at Year’s End.” This show satirises a wide variety of controversial everyday problems faced by ordinary people. We use an analytical framework derived from the anthropology of performance in combination with the sociology of humour to analyse the nature of this show and the ways in which it fulfils its aims of both entertaining a large audience and reflecting critically on the life of the nation.
Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome: multifactorial assessment from the foetal stage to menopause
Authors: de Melo Anderson Sanches , Dias Sabrine Vilan , Cavalli Ricardo de Carvalho , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , Bettiol Heloisa , Barbieri Marco Antonio , Ferriani Rui Alberto , Vieira Carolina Sales
Published: April 2015

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial disorder that arises from interactions between genetic, environmental and intra-uterine factors. Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies and the daughters of mothers with PCOS represent possible postnatal clinical targets for developmental programming by steroid excess. The presence of excess glucocorticoids and/or androgens during foetal organogenesis and growth might promote changes in gene expression, and these changes might be related to an increase in the risk of PCOS-like reproductive and metabolic disorders in postnatal life, such as rapid growth and weight gain during the first 2 years of life (only in SGA babies), hyperinsulinaemia, adipocyte dysfunction and childhood visceral obesity, premature pubarche and adrenarche (only in SGA babies) and PCOS. In the fourth decade of life, women who have PCOS may be at higher risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia and systemic arterial hypertension, which suggests that these women are also at higher risk for cardiovascular disease during menopause. However, PCOS can also occur in women who were born at appropriate weight for GA or in newborns of women without PCOS, which suggests that genetic variation and environmental factors play important roles in the development and maintenance of PCOS in a population. Genome-wide association studies based on adequate population samples have shown a higher frequency of genetic polymorphisms of theLHCGR,THADAandDENND1Agenes in women with PCOS. Genetic studies of PCOS have also included analyses of structural changes in the chromosome based on an assessment of telomere length in single, cross-sectional evaluations, and these studies have produced controversial results. The present narrative review assesses the multifactorial origins of PCOS (including environmental, genetic and intra-uterine factors) and the development of conditions associated with this disorder. It is concluded that although PCOS might originate in the intra-uterine environment through developmental programming by steroid excess, the interaction between genetic and environmental factors is crucial for its appearance. Follow-up studies should be conducted to assess the same populations over their entire lifespans while taking into account different aspects of the pathogenesis of PCOS.
Present and future perspectives on immunotherapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma: Going to the core or beating around the bush?
Authors: Kawashima Hidenori , Kimura Yasunori
Published: April 2015

Metastatic lesions of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occasionally regress spontaneously after surgical removal of the primary tumor. Although this is an exceptionally rare occurrence, RCC has thus been postulated to be immunogenic. Immunotherapies, including cytokine therapy, peptide-based vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have therefore been used to treat patients with advanced, metastatic RCC. We review the history, trends, and recent progress in immunotherapy for advanced RCC and discuss future perspectives, with consideration of our experimental work on galectin 9 and PINCH as promising specific immunotherapy targets.
Use of dried waste of cassava starch extraction for feeding lactating cows
Authors: FERNANDES TATIANE , ZAMBOM MAXIMILIANE A. , CASTAGNARA DEISE D. , SOUZA LEILIANE C. , DAMASCENO DAIANE O. , SCHMIDT EMERSON L.
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to determine the best level of utilization of dried waste of cassava starch extraction (WCSEd) as a substitute for corn for lactating cows. Four lactating cows were fed diets with increasing levels (0%, 33%, 66% and 100%) of WCSEd as a substitute for corn. The intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, milk production and composition, blood parameters of glucose and urea and microbial synthesis of the diets were evaluated. There was a reduction in dry matter intake, organic matter, ether extract and total carbohydrate, and increased intake of acid detergent fiber. Nutrient digestibility was not affected while the synthesis of microbial protein increased. These changes resulted in reduced milk production, without altering the efficiency of production or the constituents of milk, with a decreasing effect on daily production of lactose, solids and minerals. Metabolic parameters, glucose and urea nitrogen in plasma, remained within appropriate levels. The dried residue from the extraction of cassava starch can be used as feed for dairy cows to replace up to 100% of the corn ration. However, its use promotes a reduction in intake of dry matter and nutrients as well as a reduction in the production of milk, with impacts on the profitability of the product.
Estigma e discriminação: experiências de mulheres HIV positivo nos bairros populares de Maputo, Moçambique
Authors: Andrade Rosário Gregório , Iriart Jorge Alberto Bernstein
Published: April 2015

A epidemia de HIV/AIDS é um sério problema de saúde pública em Moçambique, que convive com altas taxas de prevalência do HIV. O impacto da epidemia é agravado pelo forte estigma que atinge as pessoas soropositivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar, com base em uma perspectiva socioantropológica, a experiência de mulheres HIV positivo nos bairros populares de Maputo e como lidam com o estigma e a discriminação. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez mulheres HIV positivo, residentes nos bairros populares de Maputo. Os resultados mostram como a desigualdade de gênero atua de forma importante na construção da vulnerabilidade das mulheres ao HIV, assim como em sua estigmatização e discriminação. No enfrentamento do estigma, as mulheres procuram preservar o sigilo do diagnóstico buscando apoio na reunião em grupos de pares HIV positivo. É fundamental que se implementem políticas públicas voltadas para o empoderamento das mulheres e redução do estigma associado ao HIV/AIDS.
A estrutura latente da depressão em idosos: uma análise taxométrica
Authors: Eulálio Maria do Carmo , Andrade Thiago Francisco de , Melo Rômulo Lustosa Pimenteira de , Neri Anita Liberalesso
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a estrutura latente da depressão em uma amostra não clínica de idosos, utilizando a análise taxométrica. Essa análise é uma família de procedimentos estatísticos concebidos para testar se um determinado construto é mais bem representado por categorias ou por dimensões nas quais os sujeitos variam. A amostra foi composta por 570 idosos, com média de idades de 71,90 anos (DP = 7,45), que responderam à Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, a um teste de rastreio cognitivo e a questões demográficas. Foram utilizados três procedimentos taxométricos: o Mean Above Minus Below a Cut (MAMBAC), o Maximum Eigenvalue (MAXEIG) e o Latent Model (L-Mode). Foram analisados conjuntos de dados categóricos e dimensionais simulados, assim como os índices de ajuste CCFI. Os resultados encontrados nas três técnicas apontaram para um melhor ajuste ao formato dimensional em detrimento do taxônico, ou seja, a depressão parece ser mais bem representada como uma síndrome, na qual os sujeitos estão distribuídos em um contínuo e não em uma entidade discreta de diagnóstico.
Fatores psicossociais e socioeconômicos relacionados à insônia e menopausa: Estudo Pró-Saúde
Authors: Robaina Jaqueline Rodrigues , Lopes Claudia S. , Rotenberg Lúcia , Faerstein Eduardo
Published: April 2015

Foi avaliada a associação entre menopausa e insônia e a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas e psicossociais, em estudo transversal com 2.190 funcionárias de uma universidade (Estudo Pró-Saúde), a partir de um questionário autopreenchível com variáveis sobre menopausa, insônia, transtorno mental comum, eventos de vida estressantes, apoio social e variáveis socioeconômicas. Odds ratios foram calculados por meio de regressão logística multivariada, com desfecho politômico. Após ajuste para potenciais confundidoras sociodemográficas, mulheres na menopausa há mais de 60 meses apresentaram maior chance de reportar queixas de sono frequentes (OR entre 1,53 e 1,86) do que as que estavam na menopausa há menos de 60 meses. Após os ajustes, no primeiro grupo, para as variáveis psicossociais, a magnitude dos ORs reduziu para 1,53 (IC95%: 0,92-2,52) para dificuldade em iniciar o sono, 1,81 (IC95%: 1,09-2,98) para dificuldade em manter o sono e 1,71 (IC95%: 1,08-2,73) para queixa geral de insônia. Fatores psicossociais podem mediar a manifestação da insônia em mulheres na menopausa.
The current state of play of research on the social, political and legal dimensions of HIV
Authors: Paiva Vera , Ferguson Laura , Aggleton Peter , Mane Purnima , Kelly-Hanku Angela , Giang Le Minh , Barbosa Regina M. , Caceres Carlos F. , Parker Richard
Published: April 2015

This paper offers a critical overview of social science research presented at the 2014 International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, Australia. In an era of major biomedical advance, the political nature of HIV remains of fundamental importance. No new development can be rolled out successfully without taking into account its social and political context, and consequences. Four main themes ran throughout the conference track on social and political research, law, policy and human rights: first, the importance of work with socially vulnerable groups, now increasingly referred to as "key populations"; second, continued recognition that actions and programs need to be tailored locally and contextually; third, the need for an urgent response to a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV among young people; and fourth, the negative effects of the growing criminalization of minority sexualities and people living with HIV. Lack of stress on human rights and community participation is resulting in poorer policy globally. A new research agenda is needed to respond to these challenges.
Pesticide exposure and health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina
Authors: Butinof Mariana , Fernandez Ricardo Antorio , Stimolo María Inés , Lantieri María Josefina , Blanco Marcelo , Machado Ana Lia , Franchini Germán , Díaz María del Pilar
Published: April 2015

Agricultural workers represent a population that is highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. This cross sectional study aimed to describe the health conditions of terrestrial pesticide applicators in Córdoba Province, Argentina, their work practices and socio-demographic characteristics, by means of a standardized self-administered questionnaire (n = 880). A descriptive analysis reported a high prevalence of occasional or frequent symptoms: 47.4% had symptoms of irritation, 35.5% fatigue, 40.4% headache and 27.6% nervousness or depression. Using logistic regression models, risk and protective factors were found for symptoms of irritation, medical consultation and hospitalization. Among the occupational exposure variables, marital status, length of time in the job, low level of protection with regard to the use of personal protective equipment, combined use of different pesticides and the application of the insecticide endosulfan, were associated with a higher frequency of reported symptoms and higher consultation rates and hospitalization.
La pronunciación de la diferencia entre lo filosófico, lo pedagógico y lo literario
Authors: Skliar Carlos
Published: April 2015

Se ha vuelto habitual el hablar sobre las diferencias como si se tratara de un atributo esencial de ciertos sujetos o de ciertas identidades peculiares. Los escenarios educativos que proclaman nociones tales como la igualdad, la inclusión y la diversidad asumen una posición de proximidad/distanciamiento con respecto a la experiencia singular de estar en relación entre diferencias. Sus lecturas están atravesadas por fuertes componentes de normalización y de regulación jurídica. Entonces ¿qué lectura puede hacerse presente a la hora de contar la multiplicidad sin final de las diferencias al interior de lo educativo? Una lectura literaria que permita, tal vez, ir más allá de las imágenes desteñidas que confunden las diferencias con sujetos pensados como diferentes y que, quizá, revele la complejidad y el azar de las acciones y las experiencias pedagógicas.
A didática como diferenciador das diferenças pelas potências dos possíveis
Authors: Vitorino Artur José Renda
Published: April 2015

Ao imantar o positivo, a diferença, os fluxos, os agenciamentos – expressões essas que denotam o que é vivo, a dobra e a redobra, a duração e os signos geradores de potencialidades –, o artigo interroga: como instalar na e pela multiplicidade das coisas vivas para aprender “a repetição como passagem de um estado das diferenças gerais à diferença singular, das diferenças exteriores à diferença interna – em suma, a repetição como o diferenciador da diferença” (Deleuze, 1988, p. 136)? Ao buscar delinear, pelas potências dos possíveis, a didática como diferenciador da diferença, conclui-se que essa didática exerce um duplo papel: 1) mostra o conteúdo da força; e 2) permite as passagens entre virtual e atual, revelando, distintamente, a ontologia da pura diferença.
Estimation of herbicide bioconcentration in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Cerdeira Antonio Luiz , Paraíba Lourival Costa , Queiroz Sonia Claudia Nascimento de , Matallo Marcus Barifouse , Franco Daniel Andrade de siqueira , Ferracini Vera Lúcia
Published: April 2015

Sugarcane is an important crop for sugar and biofuel production in Brazil. Growers depend greatly on herbicides to produce it. This experiment used herbicide physical-chemical and sugarcane plant physiological properties to simulate herbicide uptake and estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF). The (BCF) was calculated for the steady state chemical equilibrium between the plant herbicide concentration and soil solution. Plant-water partition coefficient (sugarcane bagasse-water partition coefficient), herbicide dilution rate, metabolism and dissipation in the soil-plant system, as well as total plant biomass factors were used. In addition, we added Tebuthiuron at rate of 5.0kg a.i. ha-1 to physically test the model. In conclusion, the model showed the following ranking of herbicide uptake: sulfentrazone > picloram >tebuthiuron > hexazinone > metribuzin > simazine > ametryn > diuron > clomazone > acetochlor. Furthermore, the highest BCF herbicides showed higher Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS) index indicating high leaching potential. We did not find tebuthiuron in plants after three months of herbicide application
Estabilidade e adaptabilidade de genótipos de algodão de fibra colorida quanto aos caracteres de fibra
Authors: Carvalho Luiz Paulo de , Salgado Caio Césio , Farias Francisco José Correia , Carneiro Vinícius Quintão
Published: April 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A) e determinar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens de algodão de fibra marrom, utilizando o modelo de Ebehart & Russell. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos nos estados de CE, GO, MS e RN, em 2010 e 2011, em regime irrigado e de sequeiro. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados 11 genótipos, segundo sete caracteres relativos à fibra. A interação G x A foi significativa para a maioria dos caracteres. As linhagens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 demonstraram capacidade de resposta à melhoria de ambiente, sendo 1 e 5 os genótipos que apresentaram comportamento previsível para todas as características. O índice de fibras curtas mostrou ser uma característica de alta previsibilidade
Aplicação em subdose do haloxyfop-methyl na aveia-preta
Authors: Jasper Samir Paulo , Velini Edivaldo Domingues , Rossetto Maria Rosecler Miranda , Carbonari Caio Antônio , Trindade Maria Lúcia Bueno
Published: April 2015

Uma das limitações para sustentabilidade do sistema de cultivo em plantio direto é a rápida decomposição da matéria seca. Um dos mecanismos conhecidos para minimizar este processo e potencializar a permanência da palhada no solo é alterar as vias metabólicas dos polímeros de lignina com aplicação de subdoses de herbicida, interferindo diretamente na resistência à degradação dos restos vegetais pelos microrganismos. Com este objetivo, o herbicida Verdict*R (haloxyfop-methyl) foi aplicado em subdoses nas plantas de aveia-preta e o efeito correlacionado com a altura das plantas, produtividade da matéria seca e metabolismo de lignina. Ensaios preliminares em casa de vegetação foram realizados para determinar as faixas de subdoses a serem aplicadas no experimento definitivo em campo. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram aumento de 24% na produtividade de matéria seca dos experimentos conduzidos em casa de vegetação com a aplicação de 3,125g do ingrediente ativo de haloxyfop-methyl por hectare (i.a. ha-1) nesta subdose, não foram observadas alterações na altura e no metabolismo de lignina nas plantas de aveia-preta. No campo, a concentração de 2,5g i. a. ha-1 do haloxyfop-methyl já foi suficiente para reduzir em 9% a taxa de lignificação sem interferir na altura e produtividade das plantas, sendo este resultado favorável à velocidade de degradação da palhada no plantio direto
Contagem de folículos antrais em fêmeas Nelore submetidas a inseminação artificial em tempo fixo
Authors: Rodrigues Alexandra Soares , Oliveira Sidnei Nunes , Loiola Marcus Vinícius Galvão , Ferraz Priscila Assis , Chalhoub Marcos , Bittencourt Rodrigo Freitas , Araujo Endrigo Adonis Braga , Bittencourt Thereza Cristina Borio dos Santos Calmon , Ribeiro Filho Antonio de Lisboa
Published: April 2015

Objetivou-se categorizar a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) em fêmeas Nelore e posteriormente determinar o efeito de alguns parâmetros reprodutivos e do escore de condição corporal (ECC) sobre a CFA, assim como, comparar a taxa de concepção entre fêmeas com distintas categorias de CFA submetidas a um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF). Para tanto, 595 fêmeas Nelore foram submetidas a um protocolo para IATF; no D4 do protocolo, foi determinado o diâmetro ovariano (DOV), a presença de corpo lúteo (CL) e a CFA. As inseminações foram executadas utilizando-se sêmen criopreservado. O diagnóstico de gestação foi realizado por ultrassonografia. As fêmeas foram dividas conforme a categoria animal, dias pós-parto (DPP), DOV, presença de CL e ECC. De acordo com a média da CFA, sugeriu-se uma categorização da CFA, a qual considerou baixa CFA ≤32, intermediária CFA entre 32 e 48 e alta CFA ≥48 folículos/animal. A categoria animal, os DPP e o ECC não afetaram a CFA dos animais. Entretanto, houve diferença entre a média de CFA na classe com maior DOV em comparação com as demais. A presença de CL influenciou na CFA dos animais. Em relação à fertilidade, não foi demonstrado efeito da CFA sobre a taxa de concepção das fêmeas submetidas à IATF. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a CFA parece ser uma característica intrínseca, mantendo-se constante independente do status fisiológico do animal. Houve uma inter-relação positiva entre o DOV e CFA. A presença de CL influenciou a CFA. No entanto, a CFA não afeta a performance reprodutiva em programas de IATF
Steroidogenic enzymes mRNA expression profile and steroids production in bovine theca cells cultured in vitro and stimulated with angiotensin II
Authors: Rigo Melânia Lazzari , Dau Andressa Minussi Pereira , Glanzner Werner Giehl , Martins Manoel , Zanella Renato , Rizzetti Tiele Medianeira , Comim Fabio Vasconcellos , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias
Published: April 2015

The main objective of this study was to detect the steroidogenic effects of Ang II in bovine theca cells in vitro. Bovine theca cells were obtained from follicles (larger than 10mm of diameter) collected from a local abattoir and submitted to different treatments in a sequence of experiments. In experiment 1, CYP17A1 mRNA profile was evaluated in LH- (10ng ml-1) and Ang II-treated (0.1µM) theca cells. In experiment 2, a dose-response effect of Ang II (0.001; 0.1 e 10µM) plus insulin (100ng ml-1) and LH (100ng ml-1) was evaluated on steroidogenesis of bovine theca cells. Experiment 3 explored the effects of saralasin (an antagonist of Ang II receptors) on steroid production and steroidogenic enzymes regulation in theca cells. After 24 hours, culture media from experiments 2 and 3 was collected to evaluate testosterone and androstenedione levels by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. In parallel, mRNA levels of key steroidogenic enzymes (HSD3B2, CYP11A1, CYP17A1) and STAR were assessed by RT-PCR. There was no difference in testosterone and androstenedione production between treated and controls groups, as well as in mRNA levels of the evaluated genes. In conclusion, the results suggest that Ang II does not regulate steroidogenesis in bovine theca cells
Valores conflitantes na produção do DSM-5: o “caso” da síndrome psicótica atenuada
Authors: Gonçalves Arthur Maciel Nunes , Dantas Clarissa de Rosalmeida , Banzato Cláudio E. M.
Published: April 2015

O debate sobre a possível inclusão da síndrome psicótica atenuada como diagnóstico oficial no DSM-5 foi atravessado por diversos valores em torno dos quais argumentadores a favor ou contra a criação dessa nova categoria se dividiram. As defesas de tais valores geraram posições divergentes, mas igualmente legítimas e bem fundamentadas, e trouxeram consigo questionamentos importantes para o cenário potencialmente inovador da psiquiatria preventiva contemporânea. Entre eles, a preocupação ética com o sofrimento, os riscos associados às ações de prevenção e a importância do papel dos valores na formulação de categorias diagnósticas e na própria prática psiquiátrica.
Efeito hipolipemiante da suplementação dietética com a farinha do cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) em ratos hipercolesterolêmicos
Authors: MAIA J.R.P. , SCHWERTZ M.C. , SOUSA R.F.S. , AGUIAR J.P.L. , LIMA E.S.
Published: April 2015

Estudos com frutas e vegetais ricos em fibra alimentar tem demonstrado efeito redutor das concentrações sanguíneas de colesterol total, atuando de forma preventiva contra a hipercolesterolemia. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi analisar a composição química da farinha de cubiu e avaliar o efeito de seu consumo sobre a lipemia de ratos hipercolesterolêmicos. Foram utilizados 8 animais para cada tratamento, em 7 grupos sendo: 1 controle; 3 experimentais com 5%, 25% e 50% da recomendação de fibras (AIN-93) provenientes da farinha de cubiu; e 3 grupos per feeding tendo celulose e pectina como fonte de fibra alimentar nas mesmas proporções dos grupos experimentais. Ao final do ensaio foi verificado que não houve variação significativa no consumo de ração pelos animais e no ganho de massa corporal no decorrer do experimento. Os tratamentos com farinha de cubiu reduziram as concentrações de colesterol total (-21,6%), LDL-c (-56,8%), aumentaram a excreção de colesterol fecal (+116%), e diminuíram o colesterol hepático (-32,1%). Nenhum dos tratamentos promoveu alteração significativa nas concentrações de triglicerídeos. Os tratamentos com pectina e celulose demonstraram resultados semelhantes aos do cubiu. Os resultados observados servem como base para futuros estudos visando o aproveitamento biotecnológico deste fruto.
Vegetative propagation of insulin (Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E. Jarvis) by cutting
Authors: CRUZ-SILVA C.T.A. , MARCON A.L.S. , NOBREGA L.H.P.
Published: April 2015

Propagation techniques may support handling, this way providing an alternative for producers of medicinal plants, thus avoiding indiscriminate collection. We aimed to evaluate the size of cuttings with and without leaves on the seedling production of insulin (Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C.E. Jarvis). The herbaceous apical cuttings were prepared with diagonal cut at the bottom and straight cut at the apex, with 5, 10 or 15 cm in length, kept with two whole leaves, two leaves cut in half or without leaves, being sterilized with sodium hypochlorite at 0.5% for 15 minutes. The cuttings were planted in plastic containers with 180 mL capacity with vermiculite as substrate and placed in greenhouse at the temperature of 22 ± 2° C. The experimental design was completely randomized and means were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability. After 60 days, we found that the cutting of 5 cm with whole leaves and with leaves cut in half and the cutting of 10 cm with whole leaves had rates above 70% of rooting with the best means for number and length of roots. There was a high mortality rate for cuttings made without leaves. The callus and the percentage of live cuttings were not significant for the treatments. Therefore, 5 cm long cuttings with whole or half leaves and 10 cm long cuttings with whole leaves are the most suitable for the vegetative propagation of insulin.
Levantamento etnobotânico de plantas medicinais em área de Caatinga na comunidade do Sítio Nazaré, município de Milagres, Ceará, Brasil
Authors: SILVA C.G. , MARINHO M.G.V. , LUCENA M.F.A. , COSTA J.G.M.
Published: April 2015

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento das plantas medicinais nativas no bioma Caatinga na comunidade do Sítio Nazaré, no município de Milagres, Ceará. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 100 informantes entre 25 a 85 anos registrando informações de 62 espécies medicinais sobre o uso, parte utilizada, indicação terapêutica, e formas de preparo dos remédios caseiros, além de coleta do material botânico e produção de exsicatas. As famílias com maior representatividade na pesquisa foram Fabaceae (16 spp.), Euphorbiaceae (7 spp.), Cucurbitaceae e Malvaceae (3 spp.), e as demais com duas ou uma espécie cada. Nas preparações dos remédios caseiros verificou-se que todas as partes da planta são utilizadas, predominando as raízes (33,77%) e as cascas (29,87%). Observaram-se várias formas de preparo, sendo o chá a mais indicada (49,21%), seguida do lambedor (40,69%). Os dados encontrados revelaram que o conhecimento popular sobre as plantas medicinais é de extrema importância para o controle das afecções e contribui para a realização de estudos etnofarmacológicos.
Uso popular de plantas medicinais e perfil socioeconômico dos usuários: um estudo em área urbana em Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
Authors: MESSIAS M.C.T.B. , MENEGATTO M.F. , PRADO A.C.C. , SANTOS B.R. , GUIMARÃES M.F.M.
Published: April 2015

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar as plantas medicinais de uso popular e o perfil socioeconômico de seus usuários em área urbana de Ouro Preto, MG. O levantamento utilizou entrevistas semiestruturadas e amostragem aleatória, perfazendo 10% das residências. O grau de conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais foi medido pelo número de espécies citadas. Analisou-se a relação entre o saber popular sobre as plantas medicinais e características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados (renda, escolaridade, sexo, idade e forma de aquisição do conhecimento). Foram questionadas 6.713 pessoas, onde mais de 90% usam plantas medicinais para se tratarem. Identificou-se 342 espécies, reunidas em 94 famílias. Para cada espécie foram referidos os nomes populares, hábito, procedência, uso medicinal, parte usada, e forma de preparo. As principais moléstias tratadas com plantas foram: diarreia, insônia, gripe, hidropisia, distúrbios hepáticos, renais e do trato respiratório. Há um grande número de espécies nativas utilizadas. Dentre as exóticas, a maioria é de origem europeia. O uso místico de espécies, embora presente na cultura popular do município, foi pouco citado. Algumas espécies identificadas figuram na lista das espécies ameaçadas de extinção. O grau de conhecimento sobre plantas medicinais pela população de Ouro Preto independe, tanto do nível econômico, como da escolaridade ou do sexo. A idade e a forma de aquisição do conhecimento influenciam no saber popular das ervas medicinais. As pessoas com maior saber popular sobre as plantas adquiriram esses conhecimentos principalmente pelo costume familiar, por livros, ou por outras pessoas. Pessoas mais jovens conhecem menos espécies medicinais que as mais idosas, sugerindo risco de perda desse conhecimento tradicional. A grande riqueza de plantas citadas neste trabalho denota a importância de estudos etnobotânicos no resgate do conhecimento tradicional em áreas urbanas, tanto pelo seu valor histórico-cultural, como pela importância científica.
Determinação da capacidade antioxidante de produtos naturais in vitro pelo método do DPPH•: estudo de revisão
Authors: OLIVEIRA G.L.S.
Published: April 2015

Os antioxidantes podem ser de grande benefício para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, já que eles têm a capacidade de proteger um organismo dos danos causados pelos radicais livres, prevenindo ou adiando o início de várias doenças. Uma das técnicas atualmente utilizada para detectar a presença de compostos antioxidantes, é um método baseado na eliminação do radical livre estável 1,1-difenil-2-picrilhidrazil (DPPH•). Este método é considerado fácil, preciso, rápido, simples, e econômico, sendo adequado para a determinação da capacidade antioxidante de substâncias puras e misturas. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão é fornecer informações sobre esse método. A pesquisa foi realizada usando o termo radical DPPH•, capacidade antioxidante-DPPH• e método DPPH• em periódicos, tais como: Pubmed, Wiley Online Library, ACS Publications, SpringerLink e ScinceDirect até janeiro de 2014.
Potencial de óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais no controle de fitopatógenos
Authors: FONSECA M.C.M. , LEHNER M.S. , GONÇALVES M.G. , PAULA JÚNIOR T.J. , SILVA A.F. , BONFIM F.P.G. , PRADO A.L.
Published: April 2015

Além do valor como recurso terapêutico, plantas medicinais também possuem potencial para serem utilizadas como fonte de princípios ativos contra fitopatógenos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de óleos essenciais das espécies medicinais Baccharis dracunculifolia (alecrim-do-campo), Schinus terebinthifolius (aroeirinha) e Porophyllum ruderale (arnica-brasileira) sobre o crescimento dos fungos fitopatogênicos Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), F. solani f. sp. phaseoli (Fsp), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Ss), S. minor (Sm), Rhizoctonia solani (Rs), Sclerotium rolfsii (Sr) e Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp). Avaliou-se em placas de Petri o crescimento radial desses fungos em meio batata-dextrose-ágar (BDA) com cinco concentrações (0, 250, 500, 1000 e 3000 mg L-1) dos óleos essenciais. Discos de micélio (5 mm de diâmetro) de cada fungo em crescimento foram transferidos para placas de Petri que foram mantidas a 23°C no escuro por 48 horas. O óleo essencial de alecrim-do-campo foi o mais eficiente na redução do crescimento micelial de todos os fungos, com inibição completa quando se utilizou a concentração de 3000 mg L-1. A redução de crescimento variou de 29% (Fs) a 80% (Rs) a 250 mg L-1 do óleo essencial de alecrim-do-campo; a 500 mg L-1, variou de 29% (Fs) a 98% (Sr); e a 1000 mg L-1, de 41% (Fs) a 100% (Sr). A redução do crescimento dos fungos pelo óleo de aroeirinha na concentração de 3000 mg L-1 variou de 27% (Fsp) a 74% (Rs). Nessa concentração, o óleo de arnica-brasileira reduziu o crecimento micelial de Ss em 72%, o de Rs em 80% e o de Mp em 82%, sem efeitos significativos sobre o crescimento micelial de Fsp e Fop. Conclui-se que os óleos essenciais de alecrim-do-campo, aroeirinha e arnica-brasileira possuem potencial para o controle dos fungos fitopatogênicos estudados, com destaque para o óleo de alecrim-do-campo.