bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stoklar ve Enflasyon Muhasebesi Uygulaması: BIST30 İmalat İşletmeleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme (Inventories and Inflation Accounting Application: An Evaluation on BIST30 Manufacturing Enterprises)
Authors: Gökten Soner , Okan Gökten Pınar , Mollaoğulları Batuhan F.
Published: March 2023

Amaç –Bu çalışma ile Türkiye’deki şirketlerin finansal durum tablosundaki stoklar kalemi ile enflasyon arasındaki ilişkinin tespit edilmesi ve enflasyonun finansal tablolara etkisini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem –Bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden içerik analizi modeli kullanılmıştır.Borsa İstanbul 30 endeksindeki, imalat şirketlerinin 2017-2021 yılları arası yıllık finansal durum tablolarından elde edilen stoklar kalemi verisi kullanılarak, olası enflasyon muhasebesi sistemine geçişte ortaya çıkabilecek finansal durum, stoklar kalemi özelinde analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular–Enflasyonist dönemler şirketlerin muhasebe politikalarını, kaynak ve varlık yapısını etkiler. Enflasyon muhasebesi uygulamaları ile şirketlerin fiyat değişimlerinden etkilenmiş ve doğruyu tam olarak göstermeyen finansal tablolarının enflasyona göre düzeltilmesi gerekmektedir. BIST 30 Endeksi’nde yer alan ve imalat sektöründe faaliyetlerini sürdüren şirketlerin stoklar kaleminde olası enflasyon düzeltmesi sonrası ortaya çıkan finansal durum, şirketlerin hem finansal durum tablosunda hem de kar veya zarar tablosunda büyük değişiklikleri beraberinde getirdiği hesaplanmıştır.Tartışma –BIST30 endeksindeki imalat işletmelerinin stoklar kaleminde olası enflasyon düzeltmesi sonrası ortaya çıkacak enflasyon düzeltme farklarının, işletmelerin özkaynaklarında, stoklarında ve kar veya zarar tablosu üzerinde önemli derecede değişiklikler meydana getirmektedir.
Zaman Tuzaklarının Örgütsel Atalet Üzerindeki Etkisi (The Effect of Time Traps on Organizational Inertia)
Authors: Kesim Emel , Aydemir Sibel
Published: March 2023

Amaç –Bu çalışma özel sektör çalışanlarınınatalet durumlarının, sebeplerinin, örgütsel sonuçlarının neler olduğunun incelenmesini ve zaman tuzaklarının örgütsel atalete etkisini belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır.Yöntem –Bu çalışmada bağımlı değişken olan atalet davranışı ile bağımsız değişkenler olan zaman tuzaklarının ve demografik faktörlerin ilişkisinin analiz edildiği bir model ortaya konmuştır. Araştırma evrenini imalat sanayi çalışanları, örneklemini ise Zonguldak ilinde faaliyette bulunan jeneratör firması çalışanları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada yüz yüze anket yöntemi kullanılarak veriler toplanmıştır. Veriler Zonguldak ilinde faaliyet gösteren özel sektör çalışanı119 kişiden elde edilmiştir.Veri toplama aracı olarak zaman tuzakları ve örgütsel atalet ölçeğinden yararlanılmıştır. SPSS 26.0 ve Stata 16.0 programları kullanılarak bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Ölçeklerinin yapısal geçerliliğin sağlanmasında doğrulayıcı faktör ve içsel tutarlılığını tespit etmek için güvenirlik analizi yapılmıştır.Bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi, iki örneklem grubu arasında ortalamalar açısından fark olup olmadığını araştırmak için parametrik analizleruygulanmıştır.Bulgular –Araştırmada gözlemlenen örgütsel atalet davranışında kişi ve işyeri kaynaklı zaman tuzaklarının etkisinin yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.Tartışma –Araştırma bulguları zaman tuzakları ve örgütsel ataletarasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışmanın zaman tuzaklarının örgütsel atalete etkisini ortaya koyan bir çalışma olması nedeniyle alan yazına katkısı olacağı düşünülmektedir
Methodology of mentoring in the context of the guidance of a preschool educational organization
Authors: Garifullina A. M.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The methodology of mentoring is an independent scientific field. Over the past few decades, the scientific foundations of mentoring have been used abroad not only in the business industry, but also in the structures of educational organizations. Mentoring is a special managerial capacity, with techniques and methods of interaction that contribute to the progress and positive changes in the organization. Head of a preschool educational organization in the context of globalization simply cannot adhere to the authoritarian management style that has been popular for a long time. Mentoring is an attractive way to manage an educational organization, its methodology allows many leaders to master the structure of effective management of an educational organization, using techniques such as shadowing, coaching, budding, advising. In the article, we reviewed the latest research in the field of mentoring: the most «advanced» approaches; methods, ways and techniques for translating the scientific foundations into the practice of a preschool educational organization.Purpose setting. The goal is to form the concept of mentoring in a preschool educational organization. Based on the goal, we can single out the main task of the study, which will be to introduce the methodology of mentoring into the work of the head (mentor) of a preschool educational organization.Methodology and methods of the study. The research method was a critical analysis of foreign literature on the topic of Western, including American mentoring since the 1990s. until the present. We used the approach of critical thinking and the method of expert opinion, with the help of which we studied the Volga region area (Chuvash and Mari republics) and the Cis-Urals region area (Republic of Bashkortostan).Results. Ideas about mentoring are generalized with mentoring. Our task was to single out mentoring as a separate direction, which demonstrates the subjective position of the instructor (where the leader single-handedly «instructs» the ward) and the objective position of the mentor (where the mentee teacher is offered options and ways to make an independent decision).Conclusion. The leaders of preschool educational organizations note that the use of mentoring allows us to consider interaction in the context of «do as you can, but you have many ways to solve it». The process of delegating responsibilities between mentee teachers is more confident, which certainly transforms managerial potential. The scientific foundations of mentoring are being adapted to the globalization of the educational space, introducing new components into the structure of relationships between managers and subordinates. The coefficients of intelligence and emotionality make it possible to take into account the individual characteristics of mentors and mentees in an educational organization.
Special features of the inclusive educational environment in organizations of secondary vocational education
Authors: Samsonova E. V. , Kutepova E. N. , Alekseeva M. N.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The development of the model of inclusive educational environment (IEE) became relevant due to the implementation of inclusive education in professional educational organizations of secondary vocational education. It is a necessity to monitor and evaluate the inclusive educational environment in the organization. This, in turn, leads to the development of effective managerial decisions in planning and design.Purpose setting. The article aims to discuss the results of research conducted by the Institution of Inclusive Education»s Problems of Moscow State University of Psychology and Education. The research is dedicated to the specificity of creating an inclusive educational environment in educational institutions of secondary vocational education. It is based on the IEE model created by Institution»s academics.Methodology and methods of the study. Used methods and methodology are based on the system and activity approach in education. IEE model is a matrix organizational structure in which the basic components of educational environment correlate with basic criteria of inclusiveness. The link between inclusive environmental conditions and support of the proactive position of all entities with diverse educational needs is crucial here. The IEE model provided a survey for key participants of the educational process (students, teachers, managers) to evaluate an inclusive educational environment on-site. Eight professional educational organizations from two regions of the Russian Federation (Krasnoyarsk region and Pskov region) participated in the survey. The respondents in the study are 8 managers, 232 teachers, and 1811 students. 17,3 % of these students are people with health limitations.Results. The results show major discrepancies between opportunities created by organizations (given the specificity of secondary vocational education) and students» abilities to use such opportunities.Conclusions. Thus, we can assume that any favorable conditions are inadequate unless they are inquired for by students and supported by their subjective position and proactive participation according to the core principles of inclusive education.
Problem-based distance learning as a method of forming Clinical Thinking of Medical university Residency students
Authors: Evdokimova A. I. , Vasilyanskaya E. E.
Published: March 2023

Introduction. The paper examines the problem of the formation of clinical thinking of a medical specialist in a remote format, identifies ways and means of its solution.Purpose setting. It is important to reveal a contradiction between the development of professional medical skills in practice and the lack of direct contact with the patient in remote interaction, where students of medical universities face the problem of the impossibility of contact with the patient, which, in turn, complicates the formation of their clinical thinking and, in the future, negatively affects the work of the doctor.Methodology and methods of the study. Experimental work is being carried out to study the practical application of problem-based learning techniques in the distance format of residency students in the formation of their clinical thinking. The pedagogical conditions associated with the use of problem-based learning methods in the formation of clinical thinking of students in residency are substantiated and proposed. 54 first-year resident doctors in various clinical specialties participated in the study as respondents. The study was conducted in November 2021 during the period of study in the discipline «Pedagogy».Results. As a result of the work carried out, conclusions are drawn that the practical application of problem-based learning techniques, as a method of forming clinical thinking in distance learning, has a certain educational effect. In a remote format, this technique transfers students in residency from listeners of subject material to active participants in educational work, allowing them to form clinical thinking in conditions of limited communication with patients.Conclusion. In the course of experimental work, it was found out that the distance learning format during the pandemic gave many resident doctors the opportunity to become part of the practical level of healthcare, having the possibility to combine study and work.
The Role of Autophagy, Oxidative Damage, and Antioxidants in Eye Diseases, and the Need for Government Interventions and Education to Prevent Eye Diseases in the Digital Era
Authors: Manivel Sakthishreenidhi
Published: March 2023

Increased screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated incorporation of technology into daily practices have directly contributed to the increased prevalence of eye disease. The human eye is not built for continual technological use and must adjust to exposure to digital screens. Overexposure to technology can result in eye strain and an increased risk of eye diseases such as myopia with complications later in life, including retinal tears, cataracts, and macular degeneration. As vision and ocular diseases become more prevalent, the study of eye diseases, including their causes and treatments, is especially relevant. There is a need to prevent ocular diseases before they become a burden to individuals, their families, and their communities by better understanding the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Several ocular diseases are thought to be caused by imbalances in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy. ROS refers to a class of highly reactive oxygen-containing molecules that can undergo damaging reactions with other molecules in the cell. Autophagy is a cellular process of self-eating whereby damaged, harmful, or dead material in cells is broken down to maintain cellular homeostasis. This paper discusses the role of ROS and autophagy in the pathogenesis of computer vision syndrome (CVS), digital eye strain (DES), myopia, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), optic nerve crush injury (OCN), optic nerve gliomas, and retinoblastoma. Lifestyle changes such as limiting screen time, ensuring adequate exposure to evening sunlight, and using blue light protection measures or protective eyewear are important in the prevention of eye disease. Nutrition also contributes significantly to eye health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and antioxidants may help to prevent ROS and autophagy imbalance-induced eye disease. Medical and surgical treatments become necessary when preventative measures fail. This paper also addresses how government measures to decrease the onset of eye disease, including targeted programs to increase access to fresh vegetables and fruits in food deserts, are a critical macro-level avenue to reduce eye disease prevalence in the US, which according to the National Eye Institute, costs $139 billion yearly.
Nutritional value of beans in developing food products
Authors:   N.I.Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russian Federation, Maradudin M.S. , Simakova I.V. ,   N.I.Vavilov Saratov State Agrarian University, Saratov, Russian Federation, Bolotova N.V. ,   V.I.Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russian Federation, Fedonnikov A.S. ,   V.I.Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The aim of this research work was to study nutritional value of food beans for medical and biological justification of the possibility of combining it with wheat flour for the production of functional foods. The objects of the study were models of hearth bread made from: first grade wheat flour (100%), bean seed flour (white and red) (100%), as well as samples of hearth bread made from composite mixtures based on beans containing 50 and 75% of beans. Nutritional and biological value of the studied products was determined by calculation, comparing nutrient composition, protein digestibility amino acid score (corrected/uncorrected) and glycemic index. The authors found that nutrient composition and energy value of bread models based on bean flour (white and red beans) in terms of nutritional and energy value are superior to hearth wheat bread, including according to protein by 48, 73 and 97%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour in hearth bread 50, 75 and 100%. The fat content in hearth bread when bean flour is added is reduced by 33, 47 and 62%, respectively, to the percentage of bean flour. At the same time, the amount of carbohydrates remains practically unchanged. The energy value of bread is increased due to the increase in the amount of protein in bean flour. Protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of hearth bread is increased proportionally to the increase in the bean component by 1.95 times when adding 50% of flour, by 2.2 times – when adding 75% of flour, regardless of the type of beans. Adding beans to hearth bread significantly increases the content of calcium and magnesium – by 4 and 1.4–1.8 times, respectively. The glycemic index is decreased in proportion to the increase in the share of beans in hearth bread, while with a complete replacement of wheat flour with bean, the index is decreased by 2 times. Key words: bean flour, nutritional value, hearth bread, functional foods
Organization of school-aged child nutrition as a current hygienic problem
Authors:   Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Novikova I.I. , Kozyreva F.U. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bokareva N.A. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shevkun I.G. ,   Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Objective. To study the organization of school-age child nutrition as a current hygienic problem in the development of alimentarydependent pathology. Materials and methods. Hygienic, questionnaire/interview, and statistical research methods were used in this study, which was conducted in 66 regions of the Russian Federation and enrolled the heads of general education institutions (n = 3278), food service administrators (n = 712), students at general education institutions and their parents (n = 113,078). Results. The following main risk factors were identified: low coverage of hot meals among students in grades 10–11 (59.7%), insufficient content of food and dishes enriched with vitamins and micronutrients (48.8% compared to 79.2% when using outsourcing services), leading positions in the menu of dishes and products not corresponding to the principles of a healthy diet (pastries and confectionery products). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was high among children in grades 1–4 (34.6%) and, in some regions, in older age groups as well. Conclusion. Scientific analysis confirmed a high importance of monitoring the school-age child nutrition in identifying risk factors for alimentary-dependent diseases, which is the basis for the development of preventive measures. Key words: school-age children, healthy diet, alimentary-dependent pathology, nutrition monitoring, obesity, organized child nutrition
Epigenetic programming of chronic inflammation: role of nutrition and microbiome
Authors:   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Netrebenko O.K. , Shumilov P.V. ,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The origins of major non-communicable diseases are programmed early in development, in the first 1,000 days, from conception to the end of the 2nd year of life. The mechanisms of this programming are associated with epigenetic modifications of genes that determine human metabolism and phenotype, disease predisposition, resistance to stress and adverse environmental factors. Such mechanisms include DNA methylation, non-coding RNA activity, and modifications of histone tails. All three mechanisms affect genome organization, gene expression, and nuclear functions. This review reveals the main known mechanisms of epigenetic programming. Eating disorders in pregnant women (under- or overnutrition), the presence of chronic diseases (obesity, diabetes, etc.) are risk factors for disease development in offspring. The perinatal period includes the formation of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal integrity, microbiome, and intestinal immune system. Epigenetic processes play an important role in the development of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, which implement the effect of environmental factors, influence gene expression, and change the inflammatory phenotype in the presence of genetic predisposition. Key words: epigenetics, mechanisms, nutrition, microbiome, inflammation, inflammatory bowel diseases
Body composition assessment in the study of physical development of children with atopic dermatitis
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Sazonova O.V. , Migacheva N.B. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Nurdina M.S. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Rakcheeva D.A. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation, Gavryushin M.Yu. ,   Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The physical development of children can be considered as a marker of nutritional adequacy. Atopic dermatitis often co-occurs with food allergies. Avoiding a range of foods can affect the physical development of the child. An important parameter characterizing the level of physical development and reflecting the child’s nutritional status is the body mass index (BMI). However, BMI does not always adequately assess the degree of fat deposition at the individual level. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a promising direction in the early diagnosis of changes in the body composition of the child before changes in anthropometric parameters appear. BIA allows for a rapid assessment of body composition, but reference BIA values for younger children are unknown. The phase angle serves as an indicator of the integrity of cell membranes and the total amount of fluid in the body. Reference values for the phase angle are necessary to estimate individual patient deviations in relation to the population average. However, as far as is known, these data are not available for children under five years of age. In this review, the authors consider the possibilities of various methods in assessing the physical development of children with atopic dermatitis. Key words: atopic dermatitis, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical development
Nutritional status and factors affecting it in children with central nervous system tumors after anti-tumor therapy: a retrospective analysis
Authors:   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Vashura A.Yu. , Borodina I.D. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Institute of Medicine, Belgorod State Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation, Alymova Yu.A. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kovtun T.A. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lukina S.S. ,   Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Objective. To study the prevalence of nutritional status (NS) disorders and possible factors affecting these processes in children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors who underwent anti-tumor therapy. Patients and methods. A retrospective analysis of data from 109 patients aged 8 to 17 years (42.2% of boys) was performed, of whom 57.8% had malignant tumors (MT) of the CNS and 42.2% had benign tumors (BT). The post-treatment period was 1 to 58 months. The body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), dietary composition, and endocrine disorders (growth hormone (GH) deficiency and hypothyroidism) were examined. Results. BMI was within the reference range in 54.1% of children, normal body composition was revealed in 29.4%. GH deficiency was found in 27.5% of children, and excess body fat in 43.1%. BMI (p = 0.009) and FFMI (p = 0.011) were lower in children with MT than in children with BT. In children with the post-treatment period of 2 to 5 years, BMI was higher (p = 0.041). Patients with MT were more likely to have GH deficiency (p = 0.016), the frequency of hypothyroidism did not differ in children with MT and BT. A direct association was found between the frequency of intake of dairy, fermented dairy, combination of dairy and meat dishes and the value of FFMI, pasta combined with meat or sausage products and FMI, and an inverse association between FFMI and intake of sugar products. Conclusions. In children with CNS tumors, nutritional disorders are common after anti-tumor therapy that do not tend to improve over time. Measuring BMI alone is not sufficient to assess nutritional status. Dietary disturbances in a significant proportion of patients provide grounds for dietary correction in practice. Key words: children, brain tumors, long-term outcomes, nutritional status, body composition, nutrition
Risk factors for metabolic bone disease (osteopenia of prematurity) in preterm infants with very low and extremely low birth weight
Authors:   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Saprina T.V. , Loshkova E.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Rafikova Yu.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Lyulka T.S. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Kim L.V. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Prudnikova V.K. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Zhelev V.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Bozhenko E.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Yankina G.N. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Terentyeva A.A. ,   Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Bushmanova A.S. ,   I.D.Evtushenko Regional Perinatal Center, Tomsk, Russian Federation, Anfinogenova O.B. ,   Kemerovo State Medical University, Kemerovo, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

The description of risk factors for disorders of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism in preterm infants with very low and extremely low birth weight seems highly relevant today. Patients in this category often develop metabolic bone disease (osteopenia of prematurity). The search for highly specific and early clinical, metabolic, and genetic markers is necessary for timely diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of this disease. This review analyzes the associations of a certain VDR genotype with preterm birth and related complications, particularly with disorders of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. The data are presented on the effect of VDR genetic variants not only on clinical signs, but also on various links in the pathogenesis of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis disorders in women who gave birth to preterm infants very low and extremely low birth weight and in their children. Key words: vitamin D, C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (Betta-Cross-Laps), metabolic bone disease, prematurity, very low birth weight, extremely low birth weight, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, fibroblast growth factor (FGF23)
Individual breast milk bank – a new reality
Authors:   Moscow Regional Perinatal Center, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Balashikha, Russian Federation, Petrova A.S. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondratyev M.V. ,   Moscow Regional Perinatal Center, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Balashikha, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gryzunova A.S. ,   Moscow Regional Perinatal Center, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Balashikha, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Krasnova V.A. ,   Moscow Regional Perinatal Center, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Balashikha, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zakharova N.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   M.F.Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Clinical Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation, Lavrentyev S.N. ,   Moscow Regional Perinatal Center, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Balashikha, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Krikunova V.L. ,   Mytishchi City Clinical Hospital, Mytishchi, Russian Federation, Kondratyeva E.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Odinaeva N.D. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khavkin A.I. ,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Belgorod State National Research University, Belgorod, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Feeding sick and premature infants, who are temporarily unable to receive milk directly from the mother’s breast, with expressed or frozen milk is currently a non-alternative method of raising a baby. Expressed milk (defrosted immediately or in 3–6 months) is microbiologically a safe food for infants, which is superior to infant formulas. Regulatory documents and methodological recommendations in the Russian Federation provide opportunities to create not only human milk banks, but also individual breast milk banks of each mother intended for her baby. Key words: babies, premature infants, breastfeeding, individual breast milk bank, pumping, breast pumps, storage technology
Study of CFTR channel functional activity in a patient with cystic fibrosis and E92K/4428insGA genotype
Authors:   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Efremova A.S. , Sherman V.D. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Melyanovskaya Yu.L. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bulatenko N.V. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bukharova T.B. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Mokrousova D.O. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Makhnach O.V. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Goldshtein D.V. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kondratyeva E.I. ,   N.P.Bochkov Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

Clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis depend on the patient’s genotype since there are more than 2,000 variants of the CFTR gene. Main complications of the disease are expressed in a reduction or loss of pancreatic function and bacterial lung infection, leading to respiratory failure. The E92K (p.(Glu92Lys) and 4428insGA (p.(Ser1435Glyfs*14) mutations in the CFTR gene are accompanied by a high frequency of preserved pancreatic function. In a 3-year-old patient with recurrent pancreatitis and E92K/4428insGA genotype, the functional activity of the CFTR channel was studied using the intestinal current measurement method on rectal biopsy specimens and the forskolin-induced swelling assay in intestinal organoids. The personalized assessment of the action of CFTR modulators was also performed on organoid cultures obtained from the patient’s intestinal biopsies. In a 3-year-old child with cystic fibrosis and recurrent pancreatitis with frequent exacerbations, a high preservation of residual CFTR channel function was revealed. All the investigated targeted drugs were effective in increasing the functional activity of the CFTR chloride channel. Key words: cystic fibrosis, CFTR gene, targeted therapy, pancreatitis, intestinal organoids, intestinal current measurement, E92K, 4428insGA
Efficacy and safety of imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid for COVID-19: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors:   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorelov A.V. ,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Malyavin A.G. ,   A.I.Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Antonova E.A. ,   City Polyclinic No 112, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation, Pobedinskaya T.A. ,   Kuvaevs' Clinical Hospital of Ivanovo, Ivanovo, Russian Federation, Globenko А.А. ,   ‘Valenta Pharm,’ Moscow, Russian Federation, Kapashin A.V. ,   ‘Valenta Pharm,’ Moscow, Russian Federation, Bagaeva M.I. ,   ‘Valenta Pharm,’ Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2023

COVID-19 is known to have two main clinical periods: active viral replication followed by immune dysregulation or hyperinflammatory response. Therefore, early initiation of antiviral therapy that limits viral replication and prevents lifethreatening complication appears to be rational. Ingavirin® is one of well-known antiviral drugs proved to be effective against a wide range of respiratory viruses in adults and children. The efficacy of Ingavirin® against the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV was demonstrated in preclinical studies even before the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, preclinical studies developed the grounds for further assessment of its clinical efficacy in COVID-19 patients. Objective. To conduct phase III clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ingavirin® (90-mg capsules) in COVID-19 patients during their outpatient treatment. Patients and methods. A total of 234 candidates of both sexes aged 18 to 75 years with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were screened. Of them, 233 patients were recruited and randomized in one of the two groups: Ingavirin® or placebo. Maximum treatment duration was 7 days. After its completion, the patients were followed up for 21±1 days. Results. Ingavirin® demonstrated the superior efficacy over placebo for COVID-19 with respect to clinical recovery. Patients in the experimental group demonstrated faster clinical recovery (by 47.8 h) and alleviation of intoxication and individual catarrhal symptoms. Ingavirin® also demonstrated a good safety profile as shown by the analysis of its side effects, tolerability, and laboratory parameters of the patients. Key words: imidazolyl ethanamide pentandioic acid, Ingavirin, new coronavirus infection, antiviral therapy, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Keterampilan Proses
Authors: Prima Riyani  , Muhamad Sofian Hadi
Published: March 2023

Rendahnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah dalam suatu pembelajaran akan mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa di sekolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang baik dan cocok dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses dalam upaya meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi literatur. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif untuk menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) adalah model yang paling baik dan cocok untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses.
Prediksi Kelulusan Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Matematika menggunakan Educational Data Mining
Authors: Kharis Selly Anastassia Amellia
Published: March 2023

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi menyebabkan keterlimpahan data di berbagai bidang termasuk pendidikan. Dengan fenomena tersebut akan sangat berguna jika data-data tersebut dapat dihubungkan dan dicari pola sehingga mudah dipahami dan dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam sistem managemen instansi pendidikan. Di dunia pendidikan tentu banyak data yang dapat digali, mulai dari data kinerja pengajar, data nilai mahasiswa, tracer study, dan data proses pembelajaran. Di sisi lain, evaluasi pembelajaran yang dilakukan biasanya terlaksana setelah nilai ujian keluar dan tidak ada peringatan dini untuk siswa terkait dengan kemajuan pembelajarannya. Akibatnya, tindakan pencegahan yang dilakukan oleh guru atau pihak sekolah menjadi terlambat dan dapat berdampak hingga ketidaklulusan siswa. Salah satu inovasi evaluasi pembelajaran yang dapat dilakukan di sekolah adalah dengan menggunakan educational data mining untuk memprediksi kelulusan siswa. Educational data mining diawali dengan pengumpulan, transformasi hingga analisis data. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan berbagai metode machine learning untuk memprediksi kelulusan siswa. Dalam penggalian data, penelitian ini menggunakan data akademik siswa menengah pada mata pelajaran di Portugal dengan 395 sampel dan 33 variabel bebas. Hasil dari educational data mining diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan untuk menentukan strategi yang tepat untuk menurunkan ketidaklulusan siswa dan menjadi peringatan dini untuk ketidaklulusan siswa.
Pengaruh Model Case-Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Penalaran Matematis Peserta Didik SMA Negeri 03 Tambun Selatan
Authors: Andini Novita Dwi , Salsabila Ellis , Haeruman Leny Dhianti
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model case-based learning terhadap kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik. Desain metode kuasi eksperimen yang digunakan yaitu post-test only control group design. Teknik pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah simple random sampling dan cluster random sampling. Sampel penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas X IPS 2 dan X IPS 3 di SMA Negeri 03 Tambun Selatan. Kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik diukur menggunakan instrument penelitian yang terdiri dari lima soal uraian pada materi sistem persamaan linier tiga variabel yang telah valid dan reliabel. Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t dengan taraf signifikansi , diperoleh bahwa  dan   sehingga didapat , maka  ditolak dengan nilai Cohen’s Effect Size yang diperoleh sebesar  yang termasuk dalam kategori besar dengan presentase . Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tersebut adalah rata-rata kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik yang menerapkan model case-based learning lebih tinggi daripada peserta didik yang menerapkan model konvensional.
The Mental Health of Syrian Refugees in the United States: Examining Critical Risk Factors and Major Barriers to Mental Health Care Access
Authors: Armstrong-Mensah Elizabeth , Mitha Niha , McNair Aireona
Published: March 2023

Owing to the 2011 civil war, many Syrians have become displaced internally within the country, have fled to neighboring countries in the region, or have resettled as refugees in the United States (US) through the United States Resettlement Program (USRP). Few studies have been conducted on the mental health of adult Syrian refugees in the US. We conducted an ecological study on the relationship between the mental health status of Syrian refugees in the US, risk factors that negatively affect their mental health post-settlement, and the barriers that prevent them from seeking mental health care. We found that racialization, targeting, under-employment, and concerns about relatives still in Syria negatively affect the mental health of Syrian refugees post-settlement. Challenges with the English language, stigma, lack of access to adequate insurance and transportation, and poor health system acculturation were barriers to Syrian refugee mental health care-seeking behavior in the US. While the US is accepting and resettling Syrian refugees in various parts of the country, it is also important that it focuses on and invests in the mental health needs of the refugees, so as to improve their physical and mental well-being.
 
Copyright © 2023 Arsmtrong-Mensah et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.
Role of Indigenous and local knowledge in seasonal forecasts and climate adaptation: A case study of smallholder farmers in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe
Authors: Zvobgo Luckson , Johnston Peter , Olagbegi Oladapo M. , Simpson Nicholas P. , Trisos Christopher H.
Published: March 2023

Accessible, reliable, and diverse sources of climate information are needed to inform climate change adaptation at all levels of society, particularly for vulnerable sectors, such as smallholder farming. Globally, many smallholder farmers use Indigenous knowledge (IK) and local knowledge (LK) to forecast weather and climate; however, less is known about how the use of these forecasts connects to decisions and actions for reducing climate risks. We examined the role of IK and LK in seasonal forecasting and the broader climate adaptation decision-making of smallholder farmers in Chiredzi, Zimbabwe. The data were collected from a sample of 100 smallholder farmers. Seventy-three of the 100 interviewed farmers used IK and LK weather and climate forecasts, and 32% relied solely on IK and LK forecasts for climate adaptation decision-making. Observations of cuckoo birds, leaf-sprouting of Mopane trees, high summer temperatures, and Nimbus clouds are the main indicators used for IK and LK forecasts. The use of IK and LK climate forecasts was significantly positively associated with increasing farmer age and farmland size. Farmers using IK and LK forecasts implemented, on average, triple the number of adaptation measures compared with farmers not using IK and LK. These findings demonstrate the widespread reliance of farmers on IK and LK for seasonal forecasts, and the strong positive link between the use of IK and LK and the implementation of climate adaptation actions. This positive association between IK and LK usage and the implementation of adaptation actions may be widespread in smallholder farming communities throughout Africa and globally. Recognition and inclusion of IK and LK in climate services is important to ensure their continued potential for enhancing climate change adaptation.
All-optical closed-loop voltage clamp for precise control of muscles and neurons in live animals
Authors: Bergs Amelie , Liewald Jana , Rodriguez-Rozada Silvia , Liu Qiang , Wirt Christin , Bessel Artur , Zeitzschel Nadja , Durmaz Hilal , Nozownik Adrianna , Dill Holger , Jospin Maelle , Vierock Johannes , Bargmann Cornelia , Hegemann Peter , Wiegert J. Simon , Gottschalk Alexander
Published: March 2023

Excitable cells can be stimulated or inhibited by optogenetics. Since optogenetic actuation regimes are often static, neurons and circuits can quickly adapt, allowing perturbation, but not true control. Hence, we established an optogenetic voltage-clamp (OVC). The voltage-indicator QuasAr2 provides information for fast, closed-loop optical feedback to the bidirectional optogenetic actuator BiPOLES. Voltage-dependent fluorescence is held within tight margins, thus clamping the cell to distinct potentials. We established the OVC in muscles and neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans, and transferred it to rat hippocampal neurons in slice culture. Fluorescence signals were calibrated to electrically measured potentials, and wavelengths to currents, enabling to determine optical I/V-relationships. The OVC reports on homeostatically altered cellular physiology in mutants and on Ca2+-channel properties, and can dynamically clamp spiking in C. elegans. Combining non-invasive imaging with control capabilities of electrophysiology, the OVC facilitates high-throughput, contact-less electrophysiology in individual cells and paves the way for true optogenetic control in behaving animals.
Deep reinforcement learning identifies personalized intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Lu Yitao , Chu Qian , Li Zhen , Wang Mengdi , Gatenby Robert , Zhang Qingpeng
Published: March 2023

The evolution of drug resistance leads to treatment failure and tumor progression. Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (IADT) helps responsive cancer cells compete with resistant cancer cells in intratumoral competition. However, conventional IADT is population-based and ignores the heterogeneous phenotypes of individual patients. To address this challenge, we developed a time-varied, mixed-effect, and generative Lotka-Volterra (tM-GLV) model to account for the heterogeneity of the evolution mechanism and the pharmacokinetics of individual patients. Then, we proposed a reinforcement learningenabled individualized IADT framework, namely, I2ADT, to learn the patient-specific tumor dynamics and derive the optimal drug administration policy. Experiments with clinical trial data demonstrated that the proposed I2ADT can significantly prolong the time to progression of prostate cancer patients with reduced cumulative drug dosage. This research elucidates the application of reinforcement learning techniques to identify personalized adaptive cancer therapy.
The association of feeding difficulties and ge­­neric health-related quality of life among children born with esophageal atresia
Authors: Ax Sofie Örnö , Dellenmark-Blom Michaela , Abrahamsson Kate , Jönsson Linus , Gatzinsky Vladimir
Published: March 2023

Background: Children born with esophageal atresia experience feeding difficulties. This study investigates the association of feeding difficulties and generic health-related quality of life among children aged 2-7 and 8-17 years, born with esophageal atresia.
Methods 108 families (n=36 aged 2-7 years; n=72 aged 8-17) answered questions about difficulties in their child’s mealtimes and a validated generic health-related quality of life instrument(PedsQL 4.0). Clinical data was collected from hospital records. The association of feeding difficulties and health-related quality of life was analysed trough Mann-Whitney U-test. Linear regression determined whether the number of concurrent feeding difficulties in the child decreased the health-related quality of life scores. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In children aged 2-7 and 8-17 years, to have a gastrostomy, to use a food infusion pump, need for energy-enriched food and eating small portions were respectively significantly associated with lower total health-related quality of life scores in the parent-reports (p<0.05). Most of the feeding difficulties had a negative significant relationship with the domains of physical and social functioning. Additionally, in the older age group, long mealtimes and adult mealtime supervision were associated with lower scores in both child and parent reports. In both age groups, an increased number of feeding difficulties in the child decreased the total generic health-related quality of life scores (p<0.01).
Conclusion: Parent-reported feeding difficulties are associated with low health-related quality of life among children with esophageal atresia. A high number of feeding difficulties is associated to lower health-related quality of life. Further research is needed to understand these associations.