bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Oxime Selection on the Efficacy of Antidotal Treatment of Soman-Poisoned Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiří , Fusek Josef
Published: May 2019

1. The influence of some acetylcholinesterase reactivators (HI-6, obidoxime, pralidoxime) on the efficacy of antidotal treatment to eliminate soman-induced disturbance of respiration and circulation and to protect experimental animals poisoned with supralethal dose of soman (1.5 × LD50) was investigated in a rat model with on-line monitoring of respiratory and circulatory parameters. 2. Obidoxime or pralidoxime in combination with atropine were insufficient to enable soman-poisoned rats to survive for 2 hours when given 1 minute after the administration of soman. 3. On the other hand, the ability of the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine to prevent soman-induced alteration of respiration and circulation was significantly higher. Some rats treated with HI-6 in combination with atropine were fully protected against the lethal toxic effects of soman within 2 hours following soman administration. 4. Our findings confirm that the oxime HI-6 seems to be a much more suitable and efficacious acetylcholinesterase reactivator for the antidotal treatment of severe acute soman-induced poisoning than currently used obidoxime or pralidoxime.
The relationship between migration and economic development : an analysis of the mexican migration case.
Authors: Tevere Valeria
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research article is to highlight through a qualitative methodology the significant example of the relationship between migration and economic development represented by Mexican migration. Since the Bracero Program, Mexican migration to the United States has increased significantly, converging in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the NAFTA treaty, but, in fact, the analysis of these shows the failure of the migratory labor policies, since migration can be a thriving factor in economic development and not a deterrent. Therefore, development policies need a comprehensive approach that considers migration as a growth factor.
Prevención y lucha contra la violencia de género en México e Italia : semántica de las leyes y desarrollo de las políticas en un análisis comparado.
Authors: Corradi Consuelo , Donato Stellamarina
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo de investigación resume el cronograma de los documentos de las Naciones Unidas difundidos desde 1993 para combatir la violencia de género contra las mujeres, analizando el caso de dos países en particular, México e Italia, en una metodología cualitativa comparada. Examinamos la secuencia de actos legales aprobados en cada país, la semántica de las leyes,  sus fundamentos teóricos y la transición de la violencia de un hecho privado a un delito público. El objetivo final del artículo es mostrar las similitudes y diferencias entre ambos países ya que, aun cuando globalmente ha emergido un marco de referencia sumamente fuerte que insta al entendimiento y el trato de la violencia contra las mujeres con un perspectiva conceptual común, las diferencias locales y nacionales existen y esto da cuenta de cómo un país reacciona y se adapta a la presión internacional.
O polityczności Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w kontekście próby jego neutralizowania po wyborach 2015 roku
Authors: Zyborowicz Stanisław
Published: May 2019

Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia polityczności w kontekście partyjności powoływania sędziów Trybunału Konstytucyjnego. Autor proponuje zastąpienie dotychczasowego paradygmatu tradycyjnego wskazującego na wybory/nominowanie przez Sejm, jako instytucję regulującą kreację. Przedstawia nowy paradygmat oparty na ateńskiej procedurze losowania, które umożliwiłoby powoływanie członków tego organu.
NOTCH3 and CADASIL syndrome: a genetic and structural overview
Authors: Papakonstantinou Eleni , Bacopoulou Flora , Brouzas Dimitrios , Megalooikonomou Vasileios , D'Elia Domenica , Bongcam-Rudloff Erik , Vlachakis Dimitrios
Published: May 2019

CADASIL syndrome is a rare disease that belongs to a group of disorders called leukodystrophies. It is well established that NOTCH3 gene on chromosome 19 is primarily responsible for the development of the CADASIL syndrome. Herein, an attempt is made to shed light on the actual molecular mechanism underlying CADASIL syndrome, through insights extracted from comprehensive evolutionary studies and in silico modelling on Notch 3 protein. In particular, we suggest the use of optical coherence tomography angiography for the detection of early signs of small vessel diseases, which are the major precursors to a repertoire of neurodegenerative conditions, including CADASIL.
Fractal characteristics of nanopores in lacustrine shales of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China
Authors: Li Zhuo , Tang Ling , Jiang Zhenxue , Liang Zhikai , Yu Hailong , Yang Youdong , Xiao Lei
Published: May 2019

To further understand fractal characteristics of nanopores in lacustrine shales, core samples from Chang-7 and Chang-9 members of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southern Ordos Basin were investigated. Total organic carbon content, vitrinite reflectance, X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and low pressure N2 physisorption (LPNP) experiments were performed. The Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) method was applied to characterize the fractal dimensions using LPNP isotherms. Two fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) were determined at relative pressures of 0-0.45 and 0.45-1, respectively. The Chang-7 shales have a D1 and D2 range of 2.17-2.36 and 2.46-2.63, while the Chang-9 shales have D1values of 2.23-2.40 and D2 values of 2.46-2.64. Fractal dimensions of the selected lacustrine shales are affected by shale mineral compositions and pore structure parameters. Positive correlations of D1 and D2 with clay minerals and quartz contents, and negative correlations of D1 and D2 with TOC contents were presented in the present study. Observations of few organic matter pores and abundant inorganic pores hosted in the Yanchang shales may contribute to these correlations. In addition, comparisons of matrix composition, nanopore fractal characteristics between the Chang-7 shales and the Chang-9 shales suggest that the latter may have more irregular and heterogeneous pore structure.
Variation of surface and bonding properties among four wood species induced by a high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF)
Authors: He Qian , Zhan Tianyi , Zhang Haiyang , Ju Zehui , Hong Lu , Brosse Nicolas , Lu Xiaoning
Published: May 2019

A high voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) was applied to enhance the bonding performance of wood composites prepared with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive and different wood species and radial cut combinations. Four wood species including Masson pine (Pinus massoniana), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), poplar (Populus tomentosa) and ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) were studied. The results of HVEF-treatment turn out to be species-dependent, and are related to the anatomical and chemical properties of wood. It was demonstrated by a statistical approach that the lignin content is the most significant parameter with a good correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.8). High lignin content leads to high free radical concentration at the wood surface and the HVEF enhanced the adhesive penetration depth, the maximal density and the bonding strength (Bst) at the interphase. On the contrary, high extract contents and large lumina diameters negatively impacted the surface modification by HVEF. The magnitude of the effects was in the following order: ayous < poplar < Masson pine < Chinese fir.
Crystal structure of cyclohexane-1,4-diammonium 2-[(2-carboxylatophenyl)disulfanyl]benzoate — dimethylformamide — monohydrate (1/1/1), [C6H16N2][C14H8O4S2] ⋅ C3H7NO⋅H2O
Authors: Tan Sang Loon , Tiekink Edward R.T.
Published: May 2019

[C6H16N2][C14H8O4S2]⋅C3H7NO⋅H2O, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.86120(10) Å, b = 12.2464(2) Å, c = 14.1615(2) Å, α = 111.293(1)°, β = 105.767(2)°, γ = 93.690(1)°, V = 1202.11(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0373, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1054, T = 100(2) K.
Convergence of random bounded linear operators in the Skorokhod space
Authors: Vadori N. , Swishchuk A.
Published: May 2019

We introduce the space of random bounded linear operators on a separable Banach space such that their range belong to the Skorokhod space of right-continuous with left-hand limits functions.
We call these random operators D-valued random variables.
Almost sure and weak convergence results for the sequences of such random variables are proved by martingale methods.
An application is described for a regime-switching inhomogeneous Lévy dynamics of a risky asset.
Context-based analysis of an advertising poster
Authors: Safavi Sarvenaz , Gümüş Agah
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new perspective of analyzing advertising designs from a new semiotic approach based on a new definition of the context. In order to achieve this goal, we will first of all give a definition for advertising design, and then Peirce’s idea about signs and definition of the science called semiotics will be necessary for starting the discussion. This research is based on three levels of context and shows that understanding an advertising design is not absolute but somehow relative because of differences in the background knowledge of the receivers. The conclusion of this research is that people understand advertising design based on their three contexts, which means seeing a so-called Context A, or better, what is designed, the receiver of the message will use a so-called Context B, or the context of situation, and also receives a so-called Context C, or the background knowledge in order to interpret what is selected and combined in Context A.
Diagrams and mental figuration: A semio-cognitive analysis
Authors: Brandt Per Aage , Cronquist Ulf
Published: May 2019

We all intuitively know what a diagram is, and still it is surprisingly difficult to describe it as a semiotic function or type. In this article, we present four groups of hypotheses in view of a clarification. We hypothesize: (1) That diagrams are signs of a distinct type, unknown to classical semiotics; (2) That the elementary graphs of a diagram are all derived fromlines and pointsintopologicalmental spaces. The mind applies these diagrammatic spaces to referential spaces in many ways, but basically through conceptual integration (blending). The mind blends topology and reference, which makes the topology unnoticeable; (3) That elementary diagrammatic graphs constitute a natural, phenomenological, spatiotemporal, figurative and dynamic but informal geometry in the embodied, thinking mind; (4) That diagrammatic signs are the active components of the abstract mental figuration in working memory that accompany perception and deliver the schematizing ideas which invest and connect our categories and construe proper descriptive, narrative, patterns of inferentialthoughtand programs of sensorimotor and social action.
Vacuum Preloading Combined with Intermittent Electro-Osmosis for Dredged Slurry Strengthening
Authors: Liu Feiyu , Fu Hongtao , Zhou Jie , Wang Jun , Cai Yuanqiang , Zhao Ran , Lou Xiaoming , Jin Yawei , Yuan Wenxi
Published: May 2019

Vacuum electro-osmosis is a useful method for strengthening dredged slurry; however, this technique is not widely applied because of its high power consumption and decreased efficiency in the later stages. Appropriate current intermittence is an important approach to improving the efficiency and reducing the power consumption of the electro-osmosis process. Thus, vacuum preloading combined with intermittent electro-osmosis has been proposed; however, relevant research is lacking, and the conditions for optimized current intermittence remain uncertain. In this study, laboratory experiments are performed to investigate the influence of various current intermittence frequencies on the treatment of six dredged slurry specimens using vacuum preloading combined with intermittent electro-osmosis. The experimental findings indicate that an optimal ratio of the on and off times exists, which can effectively improve soil strength and reduce power consumption. Furthermore, for the same time ratio, treatment with a comparatively short electrification period yields higher efficiency. However, an excessively small time ratio yields lesser improvement than that obtained with continuous electrification.
PERAN ADVOKAT DALAM MEMBERIKAN BANTUAN HUKUM KEPADA MASYARAKAT DALAM PERSPEKTIF HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Setyowati Herning , Muchiningtias Nurul
Published: May 2019

Bantuan hukum memiliki kedudukan yang cukup penting dalam setiap sistem peradilan pidana, perdata, dan tata usaha negara tidak terkecuali di Negara Indonesia. Konsep bantuan hukum berkaitan dengan hak-hak seseorang guna menjalankan hak-hak tersebut, oleh karenanya bantuan hukum dijalankan oleh para ahli hukum dan orang-orang yang berpengalaman dalam rangka untuk menjalankan profesinya. Bantuan hukum dijalankan oleh pemberi bantuan hukum yang berorientasi pada nilai-nilai kemulian, yaitu aspek kemanusiaan untuk memperjuang-kan hak-hak manusia untuk hidup sejahtera dan berkeadilan.
Determination of Serum Homocysteine and Hypersensitive C-reactive Protein and Their Correlation with Premature Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Li Songsen , Pan Guangjie , Chen Huili , Niu Xiaohua
Published: May 2019

Background: This study aims to investigate the correlation between premature coronary heart disease (pCHD) and both serum homocysteine (Hcy) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).
Methods: A total of 170 patients with pCHD were enrolled in this study from June 2014 to April 2016 (including 52 patients with stable angina pectoris [SAP], 70 patients with unstable angina pectoris [UAP], and 48 patients with acute myocardial infarction [AMI]), together with 105 healthy controls (CON) selected at the same period, to observe the changes of Hcy and hs-CRP in CHD patients and those with different types of CHD.
Results: The levels of serum Hcy and hs-CRP in group pCHD were significantly higher than in group CON (P < .05). The levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in group AMI were significantly higher than in group UAP and group SAP (P < .05). The changes of serum Hcy and hs-CRP were significantly higher in patients with multi-vascular lesions and dual-vascular lesions than in those with single-vascular lesion (P < .05).
Conclusion: The levels of serum Hcy and hs-CRP in CHD patients are positively correlated with the severity of CHD, which increase with the increase of lesion count. The combined detection of Hcy and hs-CRP can initially reflect the severity of coronary artery, thus better guiding treatment and predicting prognosis.
Reference Trait Analysis Reveals Correlations Between Gene Expression and Quantitative Traits in Disjoint Samples
Authors: Skelly Daniel A , Raghupathy Narayanan , Robledo Raymond F , Graber Joel H , Chesler Elissa J
Published: May 2019

Systems genetics exploits natural genetic variation to associate molecular variation with complex traits. It is often impossible to measure complex traits and molecular intermediates on the same individuals and independent cohorts are used...

Systems genetic analysis of complex traits involves the integrated analysis of genetic, genomic, and disease-related measures. However, these data are often collected separately across multiple study populations, rendering direct correlation of molecular features to complex traits impossible. Recent transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have harnessed gene expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to associate unmeasured gene expression with a complex trait in genotyped individuals, but this approach relies primarily on strong eQTL. We propose a simple and powerful alternative strategy for correlating independently obtained sets of complex traits and molecular features. In contrast to TWAS, our approach gains precision by correlating complex traits through a common set of continuous phenotypes instead of genetic predictors, and can identify transcript–trait correlations for which the regulation is not genetic. In our approach, a set of multiple quantitative “reference” traits is measured across all individuals, while measures of the complex trait of interest and transcriptional profiles are obtained in disjoint subsamples. A conventional multivariate statistical method, canonical correlation analysis, is used to relate the reference traits and traits of interest to identify gene expression correlates. We evaluate power and sample size requirements of this methodology, as well as performance relative to other methods, via extensive simulation and analysis of a behavioral genetics experiment in 258 Diversity Outbred mice involving two independent sets of anxiety-related behaviors and hippocampal gene expression. After splitting the data set and hiding one set of anxiety-related traits in half the samples, we identified transcripts correlated with the hidden traits using the other set of anxiety-related traits and exploiting the highest canonical correlation (R = 0.69) between the trait data sets. We demonstrate that this approach outperforms TWAS in identifying associated transcripts. Together, these results demonstrate the validity, reliability, and power of reference trait analysis for identifying relations between complex traits and their molecular substrates.
Trends in Pediatric Emergency Department Use After the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Lee Michael , Monuteaux Michael C.
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:

After the Affordable Care Act (ACA) took full effect in 2014, 900 000 children obtained health insurance. Researchers have found variable effects of insurance on adult emergency department (ED) use, but the effect in pediatric patients is unknown. We examined ED visit rates before and after 2014 among children.

METHODS:

We used estimates of ED visit counts from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and population estimates from the American Community Survey in a cross-sectional, retrospective study of ED visit rates among children. We compared the trend in ED visit rates before (2009–2013) and after (2014–2016) the ACA took full effect, controlling for age, sex, and census region.

RESULTS:

The mean ED use rate was 35.2 visits per 100 children from 2009 to 2013 and 36.6 from 2014 to 2016. ED visit rates increased by 1.1% per year pre-2014 and 9.8% from 2014 to 2016 (incidence rate ratio 1.09, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.15, P = .005). Results did not vary significantly when insurance was included as a control variable.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was no immediate change in pediatric ED visit rates the year after the ACA took full effect in 2014, but the rate of change from 2014 to 2016 was significantly higher than previous rate trends. In our model, increased pediatric insurance coverage neither drove nor counteracted the observed trends.
Chagas Disease and Heart Failure: An Expanding Issue Worldwide
Authors: Martinez Felipe , Perna Eduardo , Perrone Sergio V , Liprandi Alvaro Sosa
Published: May 2019

Chagas disease, originally a South American endemic health problem, is expanding worldwide because of people migration. Its main impact is on the cardiovascular system, producing myocardial damage that frequently results in heart failure. Pathogenic pathways are mainly related to inmunoinflamatory reactions in the myocardium and, less frequently, in the gastrointestinal tract. The heart usually shows fibrosis, producing dilatation and damage of the electrogenic cardiac system. These changes result in cardiomyopathy with heart failure and frequent cardiac arrhythmias and heart blocks. Diagnosis of the disease must include a lab test to detect the parasite or its immune reactions and the usual techniques to evaluate cardiac function. Therapeutic management of Chagas heart failure does not differ significantly from the most common treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy, with special focus on arrhythmias and several degrees of heart block. Heart transplantation is reserved for end-stage cases. Major international scientific organisations are delivering recommendations for prevention and early diagnosis. This article provides an analysis of epidemiology, prevention, treatment and the relationship between Chagas disease and heart failure.
Del concreto al film
Authors: Lozano Elisa
Published: May 2019

A través del análisis de fuentes fílmicas, documentales y gráficas el presente trabajo centra su atención en la presencia y función narrativa del Centro Urbano Presidente Alemán (CUPA), una majestuosa obra arquitectónica diseñada por Mario Pani que transformó el concepto de la vivienda popular en México y América Latina, en seis largometrajes de ficción dirigidos entre 1950 y 1956 por: Emilio Fernández, Luis Buñuel, Ismael Rodríguez, Alejandro Galindo, Emilio Gómez Muriel y Benito Alazraki. El vínculo cine – ciudad, sirve como pretexto para observar además otros espacios habitados por las diversas clases sociales que confluían en capital mexicana durante la primera mitad del siglo XX.
Cine, ciudad, turismo. De playtime a terramotourism
Authors: Ruíz Fernández Rogelio
Published: May 2019

Se estudia el efecto del cine sobre el turismo en dos direcciones. Como pantalla que ofrece y magnifica destinos que nunca se encontrará como en la película, y en sentido contrario, cómo afecta a los lugares, muchas veces vírgenes hasta entonces, su aparición en distintas películas y las consecuencias del exceso de afluencia. Los ejemplos citados son principalmente películas comerciales ya que son estas las de mayor difusión y por tanto las de mayor efecto sobre las localizaciones.
Mirada reflexiva de las minas antipersonal (MPA); municiones sin explotar (MUSE) y artefactos explosivos improvisados (AEI) en Colombia. Acercamiento desde el análisis de caso
Authors: Monroy Cristian Camilo Oviedo
Published: May 2019

El presente escrito aborda la problemática de las minas antipersonal en Colombia.Para ello se hace un recorrido de lo dicho a través de fuentes oficiales y se abordan datos, porcentajes, tablas, documentos y acuerdos, visualizando el estado en el que se encuentra tal fenómeno en el llamado postconflicto. En un segundo momento y contrastando información oficial con lo real; se hace un encuentro oral con un afectado de mina antipersonal (MAP), cuya finalidad fue dar voz a una de las centenares de historias no emergidas que ha dejado la guerra en el país. En este sentido, se apuesta a un dialogo disciplinar donde la sociología apoyada en la antropología se acerca a una historia particular del conflicto. Asimismo y propiciando el ejercicio teórico se intenta debatir la violencia cultural como presunta forma de vida, en tanto su naturalización en la cotidianidad nacional.
EXPERIENCIAS DE MUJERES VÍCTIMAS DE VIOLENCIA OBSTÉTRICA Y DE SUS ACOMPAÑANTES DE LA CIUDAD DE CHILLÁN
Authors: Vega Damaris Opazo , Chamorro Amanda Ramírez , Castillo Cassandra Chamorro
Published: May 2019

El presente trabajo describe las experiencias de violencia obstétrica que vivieron mujeres en sus procesos de parto y el rol de sus acompañantes. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa, con un diseño descriptivo de casos múltiples. Se empleó el método biográfico, específicamente relatos de vida recolectados con la técnica de entrevista en profundidad. La muestra se configuró por selección intencional y los datos fueron analizados empleando análisis de contenido. Los resultados principales son que las mujeres experimentaron violencia gineco-obstétrica en la atención de urgencia maternal por alto riesgo obstétrico, en el trabajo de parto, puerperio y post parto. Los acompañantes cumplieron un rol de apoyo permanente, contención afectiva y resguardo del bienestar de sus parejas.
AS DISPARIDADES NOS SISTEMAS DE ENSINO BAIANO E MINEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA ATRAVÉS DE INDICADORES EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Caxias Da Costa Cláudia Cristina Rios , Hadad Renato Moreira
Published: May 2019

No Brasil, país de dimensões continentais e de grandes diferenciações internas, é cada vez mais frequente a utilização do desempenho dos alunos em avaliações externas da aprendizagem, com intuito de nortear as políticas educacionais. Indicadores globais de qualidade da educação, a exemplo do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (Ideb), denotam que os sistemas educacionais brasileiros devem ser avaliados sob a ótica dos seus processos de ensino, gestão, aprendizado e trajetória escolar dos alunos. Este estudo buscou evidenciar, através das Taxas de Rendimento e Distorção Idade-Série - no quinquenio 2011-2015 - as desigualdades educacionais entre Bahia e Minas Gerais, unidades federativas contíguas, histórica e culturalmente afins, mas com indicadores educacionais dissemelhantes. A trajetória da pesquisa possibilitou verificar que, apesar da taxa de aprovação dos alunos na educação básica estar impulsionando o fluxo escolar na Bahia e Minas Gerais, a redução da taxa de fecundidade nestas unidades federativas (UFs) vem favorecendo a redução no número de matrículas em todos os níveis (fundamental I, II e médio), principalmente no ensino médio, pior segmento da educação básica, sobremaneira a baiana.
Caracterización socioeconómica de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (mipymes) del Alto Magdalena
Authors: Díaz María Patricia
Published: May 2019

El propósito de esta investigación, se origina en la necesidad de obtener mayor información acerca del tipo de estructura económica de las MIPYMES de los municipios del Alto Magdalena, departamento de Cundinamarca.Se identificaron las características socioeconómicas de las Mipymes de la provincia del Alto Magdalena, tales como las formas de conducta y actitudes de los propietarios y colaboradores, el manejo de sus ingresos, capital, sector económico al que pertenecen entre otros aspectos. El enfoque de la investigación es mixto, buscando comprender algunas características propias de quienes manejan las Mipymes, partiendo de la base de datos suministrada por la cámara de comercio de Girardot, tomando empresas con un tamaño comprendido entre 1 y 200 trabajadores,  se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de información una encuesta para ser aplicada en los municipios de la provincia del Alto Magdalena: Girardot, Agua de Dios, Guataquí, Jerusalén, Nilo, Nariño, Ricaurte y Tocaima.
Violencia de género contra la mujer en Barranquilla: Dinámicas, memorias y políticas públicas (1980-2012)
Authors: Zubiría Blas , Pacheco Ana
Published: May 2019

El artículo es un apretado resumen de un aparte del proyecto de investigación Violencia urbana y memorias: una mirada comparativa en cinco ciudades colombianas (1980-2012) dirigido por el sociólogo Álvaro Guzmán Barney y financiado por Colciencias y el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica. Se centra en el tema de la violencia de género en Barranquilla entre 1980 y 2012 en una perspectiva socio-histórica, de memoria y de política pública. Tiene como objetivo principal describir y explicar la magnitud, las dinámicas y los impactos de la violencia de género en Barranquilla. Mediante un enfoque descriptivo, que combinó lo cuantitativo con lo cualitativo, se adelantó un proceso investigativo teniendo metodológicamente tres niveles de análisis para el acercamiento al fenómeno. El primer nivel de constatación empírica de lo social, se recogieron datos estadísticos de mujeres asesinadas en manos de sus compañeros sentimentales y de casos no fatales, sucedidos durante los años de estudio en la ciudad de Barranquilla, a través de diversas fuentes como la Revista Criminalidad de la Policía Nacional y la Revista Forensis de Medicina Legal, el Sistema Unificado de Información del Fondo de Seguridad Distrital de Barranquilla y la información de prensa, así como de algunas ONGs. Un segundo nivel de la valoración societal, en el que se dio la recuperación de las memorias de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia de género, mediante un grupo focal y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Un tercer nivel de la explicación científica propiamente sociológica, el cual se trabajó como un proceso transversal presente en toda la investigación, ya que se centró en reconocer una tradición teórica que analiza las variables centrales de la investigación: la violencia, la violencia de género, la memoria y las políticas públicas. Los principales resultados dan cuenta de la violencia de genero articulada a la cultura patriarcal, de la importancia de la memoria como proceso político y personal de resiliencia para sobrellevar la carga que ella implica y de lo desarticulado y coyuntural que han sido las políticas públicas locales para enfrentar el problema.
Mortalidade por câncer em populações indígenas no Estado do Acre, Brasil
Authors: Borges Maria Fernanda de Sousa Oliveira , Koifman Sergio , Koifman Rosalina Jorge , Silva Ilce Ferreira da
Published: May 2019

O objetivo do estudo foi estimar a mortalidade por câncer em povos indígenas no Estado do Acre, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo observacional descritivo, com base no banco nominal do SIM (Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade), referente ao período de 1º de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. Foi analisada a distribuição de frequência de óbitos, por sexo e faixa etária, e calculada a RMP (razão de mortalidade padronizada), tendo como referência Goiânia (Goiás), Acre e Região Norte. Foram identificados 81 óbitos, a maioria de homens (59,3%) e acima de 70 anos. As cinco principais localizações em homens foram estômago, fígado, cólon e reto, leucemia e próstata. Nas mulheres, câncer cervical, estômago, fígado, leucemia e útero. Nos homens indígenas houve excesso de óbitos por câncer de estômago quando comparados às populações de Goiânia (RMP = 2,72; 2,58-2,87), Acre (RMP = 2,05; 1,94-2,16) e Região Norte (RMP = 3,10; 2,93-3,27). O mesmo foi observado para óbitos por hepatocarcinomas, tendo por referência Goiânia (RMP = 3,89; 3,66-4,14), Acre (RMP = 1,79; 1,68-1,91) e Região Norte (RMP = 4,04; 3,77-4,30). Dentre as mulheres indígenas, destaca-se o excesso de câncer cervical em relação à Goiânia (RMP = 4,67; 4,41-4,93), Acre (RMP = 2,12; 2,00-2,24) e Região Norte (RMP = 2,60; 2,45-2,75). As estimativas apontam que neoplasias passíveis de prevenção, como câncer cervical, e ligadas ao subdesenvolvimento, como estômago e fígado, corresponderam a cerca de 49,4% dos óbitos entre indígenas. Comparados à população de referência, a mortalidade por câncer de fígado, estômago, colorretal e leucemias foi maior que o dobro entre os homens indígenas; por câncer cervical, estômago, fígado e leucemias esteve acima de 30% entre as mulheres indígenas.
Stability and phosphorus leaching of tilapia feed in water
Authors: Bueno Guilherme Wolff , Mattos Bruno Olivetti de , Neu Dacley Hertes , David Fernanda Seles , Feiden Aldi , Boscolo Wilson Rogério
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: The present research aimed to investigate the stabil¬¬ity of pellets and phosphorus leaching of diets formulated for juveniles of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with different sources of phosphorus and different exposure times in water. Six diets were elaborated by varying the source of phosphorus (1 ‒ dicalcium phosphate (DP); 2 ‒ meat and bone meal (MBM); 3 ‒ poultry meal (PM); 4 ‒ anchovy meal (AM); 5 ‒ tilapia filleting industrial meal (TM); 6 ‒ calcined bone meal (CBM)) and, then, were submitted to four exposure times in water (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes), with three replicates. Thus, 72 aquariums of 30‒liters were used, each being an experimental unit. All diets were evaluated for electrical conductivity of water, turgidity of pellets, mineral matter leaching, flotation of pellets, and total phosphorus leaching. Only turgidity and flotation of pellets varied with the different sources of phosphorus in the diets. The MBM diet had the highest turgidity of pellets. The PM, AM, and CBM diets had the highest flotation of pellets. The total phosphorus leaching had a linear effect with the increase of the exposure time, showing a greater release of phosphorus in the water with increase of exposure time. Data showed that PM, AM, and CBM diets had less potential impact on the aquatic environment. Conversely, the TM diet has greater polluting potential. These results showed that diets formulated with different sources of phosphorus exhibit distinct actions in the water, providing different effects on the fish culture environment.
Multiparasitism in gills of Metynnis lippincottianus from the environmental protection area of Curiaú river, Eastern Amazon
Authors: Carvalho Abthyllane Amaral de , Ferreira Roger Leomar da Silva , Araújo Priscila Gomes de , Negrão Márcio Charles da Silva , Videira Marcela Nunes
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: The high fish diversity of the Amazon has been the subject of study for several research projects because of the importance of its ecosystems. The Environmental Protection Area of the Curiaú River is composed of permanent and temporary lakes within the floodplain forests, favoring a rich diversity of fish species. Pratinha. (Metynnis lippincottianus) is an ornamental fish, widely distributed throughout Brazil and French Guiana. Fish parasites may reflect the environmental quality, as well as the habits of their host. Considering the importance of understanding and contributing to the expansion of studies on fish parasites, the present study aimed to investigate the gills of Metynnis lippincottianus from the Curiaú River basin in the municipality of Macapá (Eastern Amazon). A total of 200 specimens of Metynnis lippincottianus from the Curiaú River were examined and 89% of the analyzed fish were parasitized by metacercariae, Dactylogyridae gen. sp., Piscinoodinium pillulare, Trichodina sp., Henneguya sp., and Myxobolus sp. Despite this high parasitic load, body conditions were not affected. This is the first documented incidence of a species belonging to the Phylum Cnidaria: Myxozoa in Metynnis lippincottianus.
Proposta de um modelo de avaliação e de seleção de fornecedores de manutenção industrial utilizando Fuzzy-TOPSIS
Authors: Calache Lucas Daniel Del Rosso , Pedroso Carolina Belotti , Lima Junior Francisco Rodrigues , Carpinetti Luiz César Ribeiro
Published: May 2019

Resumo: A concorrência acirrada entre as cadeias de suprimento tem promovido a necessidade de melhores práticas de desenvolvimento e gestão de fornecedores por parte das empresas. O presente artigo busca propor um modelo de avaliação e seleção de fornecedores de manutenção industrial, através da aplicação de uma técnica de tomada de decisão multicritério a fim de categorizar as alternativas de fornecedores. A técnica Fuzzy-TOPSIS foi aplicada para avaliar os critérios referentes às dimensões de custos e confiabilidade dentro de uma matriz de categorização proposta. Realizou-se um estudo de caso em uma indústria sucroenergética, na qual o modelo de avaliação e seleção proposto foi aplicado para verificar as alternativas de manutenção para máquinas agrícolas. O resultado obtido culminou em uma ferramenta para auxiliar o processo de tomada de decisão considerando fontes internas e externas de manutenção. O modelo proposto pôde contribuir para a seleção dos fornecedores de manutenção industrial, uma vez que a avaliação realizada fornece subsídios para uma melhor tomada de decisão.
EXPERIENCE OF NURSES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CONTINUOUS HEMODIALYSIS AND ITS INFLUENCES ON PATIENT SAFETY
Authors: Andrade Bianca Ribeiro Porto de , Barros Fabiana de Mello , Lúcio Honorina Fátima Ângela de , Campos Juliana Faria , Silva Rafael Celestino da
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the professional experience of intensive care nurses and its influence on their work activities in the continuous hemodialysis process and patient safety in the intensive care unit within the scope of the collaborative model. Method: qualitative and exploratory research, based on the systemic paradigm of patient safety, developed at the Intensive Care Unit of a private institution in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There were 23 nurse participants who had been working for more than three months in study scenery and in direct contact with continuous hemodialysis. The data were produced from June to October of 2016 by means of observation, analyzed using thick description as well as semi-structured interviews, and then submitted to the content analysis technique. Results: were organized in two categories: the first one portrays the influence of the professional working experience on the safety of nurses' performance, which verified that in relation to continuous hemodialysis, inexperienced nurses follow guidelines and manuals, without a complete evaluation of this care situation and face difficulties in the performance of everyday care. The second category demonstrates the impact of the nurse´s inexperience on the occurrence of active errors, evidencing actions that result in the occurrence of adverse events. Conclusion: the insertion of inexperienced nurses is a latent condition in the investigated system that results in the occurrence of incidents in the continuous hemodialysis process, requiring the improvement of the collaborative model through the systematic monitoring of the performance of these professionals, such as the proposal of a safety barrier.
O Professor e a Arte de Avaliar no Ensino Médico de uma Universidade no Brasil
Authors: Zimmermann Marlene Harger , Silveira Rosemari Monteiro Castilho Foggiatto , Gomes Ricardo Zanetti
Published: May 2019

RESUMO A avaliação é intrínseca ao ato de ensinar e uma possibilidade de ampliar e melhorar o conhecimento adquirido pelo aluno. No ensino na área da saúde, a avaliação possui peculiaridades e requer constante diálogo com os docentes e discentes a fim de receber aprimoramentos. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar um diagnóstico inicial do processo avaliativo no curso de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior pública no Estado do Paraná, sob a perspectiva de professores e alunos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem metodológica qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa, realizado com 22 professores e 20 alunos do internato de Clínica Médica. A coleta de dados deu-se de novembro de 2015 a fevereiro de 2016, com entrevista semiestruturada, de caráter individual, que foi gravada e transcrita literalmente. Foi empregada análise de conteúdo para examinar os dados, que foram decodificados e agrupados por similaridade de assuntos, tendo emergido quatro categorias de análise. Os resultados mostram que os participantes do estudo apontaram dificuldades na avaliação. Em relação aos docentes, foi mencionada a necessidade de formação didático-pedagógica e em avaliação de habilidades, estratégias para aprimoramentos em feedback, em autoavaliação do aluno e na padronização do processo avaliativo realizado pelos docentes. O médico professor percebe-se como aprendiz neste processo e tem a percepção de que a falta de domínio pedagógico para aprender e melhorar sua avaliação gera a necessidade de formação. Conclui-se que, na arte de avaliar, a participação dos professores e alunos se torna importante estratégia para ajustes e melhorias. As reflexões sobre o papel dos atores no cenário do ensino são benéficas para a formação de ambos, pois juntos compartilham olhares, percepções e sugestões, rumo ao ensino e ao aprendizado de excelência. O feedback, a autoavaliação e a padronização constituem elementos singulares e colaboram com o processo avaliativo.
Radiological Imaging Interpretation Skills of Medical Interns
Authors: Miranda Ana Clara G. , Monteiro Caio César Paes , Pires Maria Luiza Câmara , Miranda Luiz Eduardo Correia
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Background Medical students’ skills in radiographic image interpretation is neither known nor assessed in the case of most medical schools in Brazil. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess intern students’ performance in the interpretation of radiographic images of the chest and abdomen. Methods A 10-item test was developed using non-contrasted radiological images from the chest and abdomen. Internship students from two public medical schools (Classroom Group, n=50) and doctors (Control Group, n=20) answered the test. A third group (Online Group, n=38) composed of students from different medical schools answered a web-based form with the same 10-item test. Results Doctors and students were able to accurately interpret only 30% of the radiographic images; 50% of the students and 30% of the doctors performed poorly. The rest produced average levels of performance. There were minimal differences between the Classroom and Online Groups. A point-by-point analysis of their answers has been presented and discussed. Conclusion Efforts must be made, including the framing of medical curricula interventions, to improve student interns’ skills in radiological image interpretation.
ENDOSCOPIC BAND LIGATION FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEMORRHOIDAL DISEASE
Authors: SCHLEINSTEIN Henrique Perobelli , AVERBACH Marcelo , AVERBACH Pedro , CORREA Paulo Alberto Falco Pires , POPOUTCHI Pedro , ROSSINI Lucio Giovanni Battista
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: There are several therapeutic options for symptomatic hemorrhoids, from hygienic and dietary measures to conventional surgery. The best technique adopted for alternative and non-surgical treatment for intermediate grade (II and III) hemorrhoidal disease is rubber band ligation. More recently, the technique has been used with the aid of a gastroscope and a kit of elastic rubber bands for esophageal varices. This technique was called Endoscopic Rubber Band Ligation of hemorrhoids (ERBL). OBJECTIVE: The objective is Compare the results and the incidence of the immediate and late complications in patients undergoing ERBL. The satisfaction with the treatment of patients undergoing different number of rubber band ligatures were also analyzed. METHODS: This is a cohort study included patients undergoing ERBL from 2007 to 2014 at the hospital. The incidence of early and late complications and the satisfaction with the treatment of patients undergoing until two ligatures and patients undergoing three or more ligatures in the same procedure were compared. RESULTS: The study included 116 patients. The most frequently reported symptom was anal bleeding (n=72; 62.1%). The number of rubber band ligatures performed during the ERBL procedure varied from one to six; 84 (72,4%) patients had three or more rubber band ligatures performed during the procedure. No significant associations were observed between the incidence of early or late complications and satisfaction with ERBL among the group subjected until two rubber band ligatures or three or more rubber band ligatures. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic elastic ligation method proved to be a feasible, safe and efficient for the treatment of symptomatic hemorrhoidal disease grades II and III. The technique had moderate rates of immediate and late complications, but most of the complications are considered of low magnitude, easily resolved and without clinical repercussions, no matter how much ligations were performed in the same procedure.
TREATING SIMPLE BENIGN ESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES WITH SAVARY-GILLIARD DILATORS: IS THE RULE OF THREE STILL NECESSARY?
Authors: ROBLES-MEDRANDA Carlos , OLEAS Roberto , ALVARADO-ESCOBAR Haydee , PUGA-TEJADA Miguel , BAQUERIZO-BURGOS Jorge , PITANGA-LUKASHOK Hannah
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Bougies dilation is considered an effective technique for the treatment of simple benign esophageal strictures. The “rule of three” has been advocated to prevent reported adverse events such as bleeding and perforation. However, adherence to this rule has increased the cost and duration of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the safety and long-term benefits of progressive bougie dilations until reaching 15 mm (45Fr) in one single session endoscopy with non-adherence to the rule of three. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data of patients with simple benign esophageal strictures treated with multiple progressive bougie dilators until reaching 15 mm (45Fr) in one single session. RESULTS: The median age was 58 years (range 28-89), and 83.3% of patients were female. The main presenting symptom was dysphagia for solids in 11/12 cases (91.6%). The cause of their simple benign esophageal stricture was distributed as follows: 7/12 esophageal webs, 2/12 peptic stenosis, 2/12 Schatzki rings and one caustic injury. 75% required only one session for clinical success. No serious adverse events were described. No recurrence of symptoms was noted in a median follow-up of 20 months. CONCLUSION: The rule of three in patients with simple benign esophageal strictures secondary to esophageal webs, Schatzki rings and peptic strictures treated with Savary-Gilliard dilators is not necessary, showing good clinical results. Prospective studies with more patients are necessary.
Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Patients with Cancer Receiving Opioid Therapy
Authors: Paice Judith A.
Published: May 2019

The primary objective of this article is to assist oncologists and advanced practice prescribers to safely and effectively minimize risk when providing opioids for cancer pain relief. The majority of people with cancer are unlikely to misuse or divert opioid medications, yet the prescriber is often unaware of those who are at risk for these behaviors. To provide skillful pain management to each patient in the oncology setting, while limiting harm to the community, all prescribers must consider the potential for risk of misuse, addiction, or diversion. To minimize this risk to the greatest degree possible, it is imperative to include a thorough risk assessment when conducting a comprehensive pain evaluation. This information is then used to triage pain relief interventions based upon the degree of risk, including whether or not to incorporate opioids into the plan of care. Risk mitigation strategies, incorporating universal precautions, are implemented to assess, monitor, and reduce the potential for opioid misuse. Universal precautions include strategies such as the use of urine toxicology, state prescription drug monitoring programs, and agreements. Ongoing monitoring is conducted with the goal being to identify aberrant behaviors early so that they can be addressed and managed appropriately. Referral to addiction specialists may be warranted when substance use disorder precludes safe use of opioids.

Implications for Practice

Throughout the trajectory of cancer care, opioid use is often indicated, and, in fact, it may be unethical to limit or prohibit the use of opioids when pain is severe. Oncologists face the significant challenge of providing cancer pain control that is safe and effective, while limiting individual risk for abuse or overdose and keeping the community free of diverted substances. Most oncology providers report inadequate training in chronic pain principles and in managing addiction. Risk assessment and mitigation measures can be incorporated within oncology care to enhance effective pain management while reducing the potential for harm.
Numerical simulation of the distribution and orientation of steel fibres in SCC
Authors: Bao Chun , Bi J.H. , Xu D. , Guan J. , Cheng W. X.
Published: May 2019

Due to the combined advantages of steel fibre-reinforced (SFR) concrete and self-compacting concrete (SCC), SFRSCC is considered to present good prospects for engineering applications. As SFRSCC has good flowability and does not require vibration, the casting process directly determines the final distribution and orientation of the steel fibres, which inevitably affects the mechanical properties of SFRSCC. This paper presents a new numerical simulation that uses computational fluid dynamics software Ansys CFX combined with the Matlab program, which can be utilised to simulate the casting procedure of SFRSCC and calculate the distribution and orientation of the fibres in SCC during the casting procedure. To verify the accuracy of the method, the casting procedure of an SFRSCC beam was simulated and the final distribution and orientation of the steel fibres were obtained. The calculation results show good agreement with the experimental results. The influence of the rheological properties of SCC and the length of the steel fibres on the fibre's distribution and orientation was analysed using the new method. The results can be used as reference for SFRSCC experimental research and engineering applications.