bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex and Stroke in Thrombolyzed Patients and Controls
Authors: Hametner Christian , MacIsaac Rachael L. , Kellert Lars , Abdul-Rahim Azmil H. , Ringleb Peter A. , Lees Kennedy R. , Alexandrov A. , Bath P.M. , Bluhmki E. , Bornstein N. , Chen C. , Claesson L. , Davis S.M. , Donnan G. , Diener H.C. , Fisher M. , Ginsberg M. , Gregson B. , Grotta J. , Hacke W. , Hennerici M.G. , Hommel M. , Kaste M. , Lyden P. , Marler J. , Muir K. , Venketasubramanian N. , Sacco R. , Shuaib A. , Teal P. , Wahlgren N.G. , Warach S. , Weimar C.
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—

We hypothesized that any sex-related difference in outcome poststroke is explained by other prognostic factors and that the response to intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) is equal in males and females after adjustment for such factors.

Methods—

We accessed an independent collection of randomized clinical trials—the VISTA (Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive). Data were preprocessed by selecting complete cases (n=8028) and matching females to males (coarsened exact matching, n=4575, 24.3% r-tPA). Outcome was assessed by the 7-point modified Rankin Scale (mRS) measured at 90 days after ischemic stroke. Relationship among variables was estimated by adjusted regression analysis.

Results—

In nonthrombolyzed patients, ordinal analysis of mRS adjusting for stroke- and sex-related prognostic factors suggested comparable outcomes for females and males (odds ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.06). Females responded comparably to r-tPA as did males, irrespective of the outcome definition of mRS (ordinal:
P
Interaction
=0.46, relative excess risk because of interaction=0). The number needed to treat was 6.8 and 11.2 for 1 female to achieve mRS score of 0 to 2 and 0 to 1, which was highly congruent with males. Analysis for a nonlinear variation of age-by-sex revealed a good outcome for females <45 years with significant disadvantage thereafter (mRS score of 0–2:
P
Interaction
=0.004). No relationship between sex, r-tPA, and bleeding complications was evident.

Conclusions—

Functional outcome (mRS) without r-tPA was overall similar between the sexes, as was the response to r-tPA. Nonlinear sex-by-age interaction improved estimates of functional independence; this should be considered in sex-related studies in stroke.
Strokes Associated With Pregnancy and Puerperium
Authors: Yoshida Kazumichi , Takahashi Jun C. , Takenobu Yohei , Suzuki Norihiro , Ogawa Akira , Miyamoto Susumu
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—

The incidence and cause of strokes associated with pregnancy and the puerperium are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to characterize pregnancy-related strokes in Japan using a large-scale survey with current imaging techniques.

Methods—

A retrospective analysis was conducted based on clinical chart reviews in 736 stroke teaching hospitals certified by the Japan Stroke Society between 2012 and 2013, using a web-based questionnaire requesting the detailed clinical course without any personally identifying information. The collection rate of this questionnaire was 70.5%, with 151 pregnancy-associated strokes extracted.

Results—

Hemorrhagic strokes were observed in 111 cases (73.5%), ischemic strokes in 37 (24.5%), and mixed type in 3 cases (2.0%). The estimated incidence of pregnancy-associated stroke was 10.2 per 100 000 deliveries. Major causes of hemorrhage were aneurysm (19.8%), arteriovenous malformation (17.1%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (11.7%), and HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) (8.1%). Preexisting cerebrovascular diseases responsible for hemorrhage were detected in 59 cases (53.1%). Among the ischemic strokes, 28 (75.7%) were arterial and 9 (24.3%) were venous infarctions. The most frequent cause of arterial infarctions was reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. Hemorrhagic stroke showed much poorer prognosis than ischemic stroke.

Conclusions—

The incidence of pregnancy-associated stroke in Japan did not seem higher than that in other Asian and Western countries. The proportion of hemorrhagic stroke among Japanese women was much higher than that in white women. Preexisting cerebrovascular diseases and reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome play a key role in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, respectively.
Cost-Effectiveness of Solitaire Stent Retriever Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shireman Theresa I. , Wang Kaijun , Saver Jeffrey L. , Goyal Mayank , Bonafé Alain , Diener Hans-Christoph , Levy Elad I. , Pereira Vitor M. , Albers Gregory W. , Cognard Christophe , Hacke Werner , Jansen Olav , Jovin Tudor G. , Mattle Heinrich P. , Nogueira Raul G. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Devlin Thomas G. , Lopes Demetrius K. , Reddy Vivek K. , du Mesnil de Rochemont Richard , Jahan Reza , Vilain Katherine A. , House John , Lee Jin-Moo , Cohen David J.
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—

Clinical trials have demonstrated improved 90-day outcomes for patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with stent retriever thrombectomy plus tissue-type plasminogen activator (SST+tPA) compared with tPA. Previous studies suggested that this strategy may be cost-effective, but models were derived from pooled data and older assumptions.

Methods—

In this prospective economic substudy conducted alongside the SWIFT-PRIME trial (Solitaire With the Intention for Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke), in-trial costs were measured for patients using detailed medical resource utilization and hospital billing data. Utility weights were assessed at 30 and 90 days using the EuroQol-5 dimension questionnaire. Post-trial costs and life-expectancy were estimated for each surviving patient using a model based on trial data and inputs derived from a contemporary cohort of ischemic stroke survivors.

Results—

Index hospitalization costs were $17 183 per patient higher for SST+tPA than for tPA ($45 761 versus $28 578;
P
<0.001), driven by initial procedure costs. Between discharge and 90 days, costs were $4904 per patient lower for SST+tPA than for tPA ($11 270 versus $16 174;
P
=0.014); total 90-day costs remained higher with SST+tPA ($57 031 versus $44 752;
P
<0.001). Higher utility values for SST+tPA led to higher in-trial quality-adjusted life years (0.131 versus 0.105;
P
=0.005). In lifetime projections, SST+tPA was associated with substantial gains in quality-adjusted life years (6.79 versus 5.05), cost savings of $23 203 per patient and was economically dominant when compared with tPA in 90% of bootstrap replicates.

Conclusions—

Among patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the SWIFT-PRIME trial, SST increased initial treatment costs, but was projected to improve quality-adjusted life-expectancy and reduce healthcare costs over a lifetime horizon compared with tPA.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01657461.
Cannabis, Tobacco, Alcohol Use, and the Risk of Early Stroke
Authors: Falkstedt Daniel , Wolff Valerie , Allebeck Peter , Hemmingsson Tomas , Danielsson Anna-Karin
Published: December 2016

Background and Purpose—

Current knowledge on cannabis use in relation to stroke is based almost exclusively on clinical reports. By using a population-based cohort, we aimed to find out whether there was an association between cannabis use and early-onset stroke, when accounting for the use of tobacco and alcohol.

Methods—

The cohort comprises 49 321 Swedish men, born between 1949 and 1951, who were conscripted into compulsory military service between the ages of 18 and 20. All men answered 2 detailed questionnaires at conscription and were subject to examinations of physical aptitude, psychological functioning, and medical status. Information on stroke events up to ≈60 years of age was obtained from national databases; this includes strokes experienced before 45 years of age.

Results—

No associations between cannabis use in young adulthood and strokes experienced ≤45 years of age or beyond were found in multivariable models: cannabis use >50 times, hazard ratios=0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34–2.57) and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.59–1.53). Although an almost doubled risk of ischemic stroke was observed in those with cannabis use >50 times, this risk was attenuated when adjusted for tobacco usage: hazards ratio=1.47 (95% CI, 0.83–2.56). Smoking ≥20 cigarettes per day was clearly associated both with strokes before 45 years of age, hazards ratio=5.04 (95% CI, 2.80–9.06), and with strokes throughout the follow-up, hazards ratio=2.15 (95% CI, 1.61–2.88).

Conclusions—

We found no evident association between cannabis use in young adulthood and stroke, including strokes before 45 years of age. Tobacco smoking, however, showed a clear, dose–response shaped association with stroke.
Block-Regularizedm×2Cross-Validated Estimator of the Generalization Error
Authors: Wang Ruibo , Wang Yu , Li Jihong , Yang Xingli , Yang Jing
Published: December 2016

A cross-validation method based on [Formula: see text] replications of two-fold cross validation is called an [Formula: see text] cross validation. An [Formula: see text] cross validation is used in estimating the generalization error and comparing of algorithms’ performance in machine learning. However, the variance of the estimator of the generalization error in [Formula: see text] cross validation is easily affected by random partitions. Poor data partitioning may cause a large fluctuation in the number of overlapping samples between any two training (test) sets in [Formula: see text] cross validation. This fluctuation results in a large variance in the [Formula: see text] cross-validated estimator. The influence of the random partitions on variance becomes serious as [Formula: see text] increases. Thus, in this study, the partitions with a restricted number of overlapping samples between any two training (test) sets are defined as a block-regularized partition set. The corresponding cross validation is called block-regularized [Formula: see text] cross validation ([Formula: see text] BCV). It can effectively reduce the influence of random partitions. We prove that the variance of the [Formula: see text] BCV estimator of the generalization error is smaller than the variance of [Formula: see text] cross-validated estimator and reaches the minimum in a special situation. An analytical expression of the variance can also be derived in this special situation. This conclusion is validated through simulation experiments. Furthermore, a practical construction method of [Formula: see text] BCV by a two-level orthogonal array is provided. Finally, a conservative estimator is proposed for the variance of estimator of the generalization error.
Learning the Structural Vocabulary of a Network
Authors: Navlakha Saket
Published: December 2016

Networks have become instrumental in deciphering how information is processed and transferred within systems in almost every scientific field today. Nearly all network analyses, however, have relied on humans to devise structural features of networks believed to be most discriminative for an application. We present a framework for comparing and classifying networks without human-crafted features using deep learning. After training, autoencoders contain hidden units that encode a robust structural vocabulary for succinctly describing graphs. We use this feature vocabulary to tackle several network mining problems and find improved predictive performance versus many popular features used today. These problems include uncovering growth mechanisms driving the evolution of networks, predicting protein network fragility, and identifying environmental niches for metabolic networks. Deep learning offers a principled approach for mining complex networks and tackling graph-theoretic problems.
Controllability Analysis of the Neural Mass Model with Dynamic Parameters
Authors: Liu Xian , Gao Jing , Wang Guan , Chen Zhi-Wang
Published: December 2016

The development of control technology for the brain is of potential significance to the prevention and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders and the improvement of humans’ mental health. A controllability analysis of the brain is necessary to ensure the feasibility of the brain control. In this letter, we investigate the influences of dynamical parameters on the controllability in the neural mass model by using controllability indices as quantitative indicators. The indices are obtained by computing Lie brackets and condition numbers of the system model. We show how controllability changes with important parameters of our dynamical (neuronal) model. Our results suggest that the underlying dynamical parameters have certain ranges with better controllability. We hope it can play potential roles in therapy for brain nervous disorder disease.
A new species of Neottia (Orchidaceae, Epidendroideae) from alpine border region between China and Myanmar
Authors: JIN XIAO-HUA , PANG HONG-BO
Published: December 2016

Neottia nujiangensis, a new species from alpine border region between China and Myanmar, is described and illustrated. Neottia nujiangensis is sympatric and similar to Neottia fugongensis, but differs from it by having flowers densely along the rachis, pedicel and ovary about 5 mm long, lateral sepals ovate, petals elliptic, lip 4 mm long and not ciliate, lobelets widest at base, auricle dentate.
New names and combinations in the genus Entoloma (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: MEŠIĆ ARMIN , TKALČEC ZDENKO , KUŠAN IVANA , MATOČEC NEVEN
Published: December 2016

Sixteen new names and five new combinations in the genus Entoloma are proposed in order to enable the legitimate use of 21 specific epithets from genera Alboleptonia, Eccilia, Entoloma, Leptonia, Nolanea, and Rhodophyllus.
Maxillaria tenebrosa, a new species in the Maxillaria variabilis group (Orchidaceae: Maxillariinae) from Southwestern Ecuador

Authors: ROMERO BOSCO JAVIER ZAMBRANO , SOLANO-GOMEZ RODOLFO
Published: December 2016

Maxillaria tenebrosa, a new species discovered in Southwestern Ecuador is described and illustrated. Information concerning its distribution, habitat, floral biology, and conservation status is provided. The new taxon is a member of M. variabilis group or M. section Erectae, and it is compared with morphologically similar species such as M. acervata, M. caespitifica, M. caucae, M. costaricensis, M. dichaeoides, M. ponerantha, M. procurrens, M. variabilis, and M. xanthorhoda.
Typifications in Drimia with notes on the identity of D. wightii (Asparagaceae, Scilloideae)
Authors: YADAV PRADNYA B. , LEKHAK MANOJ M. , YADAV SHRIRANG R.
Published: December 2016

Three binomials, viz. Scilla coromandeliana, Drimia razii and D. wightii, are typified in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). Further, notes on the identity of Drimia wightii, a synanthous species, are also provided.
Tricholosporum, a newly recorded genus of Agaricomycetes in China
Authors: LIU YUAN CHAO , LIU PU , HU HUI PING , LI DAN , LI YU
Published: December 2016

One species of Tricholosporum was collected from HunHeyuan Nature Reserve in Liaoning Province, northeast China. It is a newly recorded genus to China. Descriptions, illustrations of T. porphyrophyllum, a new record from China, are given based on collected specimens, while the phylogenetic analysis based on ITS, nlsu rDNA and rpb2 sequences were studied to determine the taxonomic status of this genus and discussed the relationship between this genus and other genera of Tricholomataceae.
A new Aspidogyne (Orchidaceae: Goodyerinae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: SMIDT ERIC DE CAMARGO , ENGELS MATHIAS ERICH , MIRANDA MARCELO RODRIGUES
Published: December 2016

A new species of Aspidogyne from the Atlantic Forest in Caraguatatuba, on the northern coast of São Paulo State, Brazil, is proposed, described, illustrated and compared with closely related species. A key to the sympatric species of Goodyerinae is also provided. Aspidogyne caraguatatubensis is easily recognized by its small size, lip shape and the absence of rostellum. Among congeners, the new species resembles A. argentea, which differs by its larger size, flower color, lip with truncated apex and developed rostellum.
Novelties towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae)
Authors: HEIDEN GUSTAVO , PIRANI JOSÉ RUBENS
Published: December 2016

Names of new taxa, new combinations and names at new rank are proposed for subgenera and sections in Baccharis to move towards a phylogenetic infrageneric classification of this New World genus. Two earlier segregated genera and two previously recognised sections are moved to the subgeneric rank (as B. subgen. Coridifoliae, B. subgen. Heterothalamus, B. subgen. Heterothalamulopsis, and B. subgen. Oblongifoliae). Three new combinations and/or names at new rank are proposed for the following sections: B. sect. Axillares (assigned to B. subgen. Baccharis), B. sect. Heterothalamulopsis (assigned to B. subgen. Heterothalamulopsis), and B. sect. Pluricephalae (assigned to B. subgen Coridifoliae). Four new sections are described to accommodate taxa not corresponding to any previously described section: B. sect. Andina and B. sect. Illinitae (assigned to B. subgen. Baccharis), B. sect. Bradeanae (assigned to B. subgen. Heterothalamus), and B. sect. Polifoliae (assigned to B. subgen. Molina). All taxa here recognized correspond to monophyletic groups based on highly supported clades in a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis.
Multiple myeloma cells’ capacity to decompose H2O2 determines lenalidomide sensitivity
Authors: Sebastian Sinto , Zhu Yuan X. , Braggio Esteban , Shi Chang-Xin , Panchabhai Sonali C. , Van Wier Scott A. , Ahmann Greg J. , Chesi Marta , Bergsagel P. Leif , Stewart A. Keith , Fonseca Rafael
Published: December 2016

Key Points

IMiDs inhibit TrxR-mediated intracellular decomposition of H2O2 and caused oxidative stress in MM cells. MM cells with lower antioxidative capacity were more vulnerable to lenalidomide-induced H2O2 accumulation and its associated cytotoxicity.
Gene regulatory network inference using PLS-based methods
Authors: Guo Shun , Jiang Qingshan , Chen Lifei , Guo Donghui
Published: December 2016

Background

Inferring the topology of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) from microarray gene expression data has many potential applications, such as identifying candidate drug targets and providing valuable insights into the biological processes. It remains a challenge due to the fact that the data is noisy and high dimensional, and there exists a large number of potential interactions.

Results

We introduce an ensemble gene regulatory network inference method PLSNET, which decomposes the GRN inference problem with p genes into p subproblems and solves each of the subproblems by using Partial least squares (PLS) based feature selection algorithm. Then, a statistical technique is used to refine the predictions in our method. The proposed method was evaluated on the DREAM4 and DREAM5 benchmark datasets and achieved higher accuracy than the winners of those competitions and other state-of-the-art GRN inference methods.

Conclusions

Superior accuracy achieved on different benchmark datasets, including both in silico and in vivo networks, shows that PLSNET reaches state-of-the-art performance.
High-resolution seismic complex trace analysis by adaptive fast sparse S-transform
Authors: Sattari Hamid
Published: December 2016

Complex trace analysis provides seismic interpreters with a view to identify the nature of challenging subsurface geologic features. However, the conventional procedure based on the Hilbert transform (HT) is highly sensitive to random noise and sudden frequency variations in seismic data. Generally, conventional filtering methods reduce the spectral bandwidth while stabilizing complex trace analysis, whereas obtaining high-resolution images of multiple thin-bed layers requires wideband data. It is thus a challenging problem to reconcile the conflict between the two purposes, and a powerful signal processing device is required. To overcome the issue, I first introduced the fast sparse S-transform (ST) as a powerful time-frequency decomposition method to improve the windowed Hilbert transform (WHT). Then, in addition to the mixed-norm higher resolution provided by the fast sparse ST, I have developed a novel sparsity-based optimization for window parameters. The process adaptively regularizes sudden changes in frequency content of nonstationary signals with the same computational complexity of the nonoptimized algorithm. The performance of the proposed windowing optimization is compared with those of available methods that have so far been used for adaptivity enhancement of Fourier-based spectral decomposition methods. The final adaptive and sparse version of WHT is used to achieve high-resolution complex trace analysis and address the above-mentioned conflict. The instantaneous complex attributes obtained by the proposed method for several synthetic and real data sets of which multiple thin-bed layers contain wedges, trapped gas reservoirs, and faults are superior to those obtained by WHT via adaptive sparse STFT, robust adaptive WHT, and conventional HT. Potential applications of the adaptive double-sparse ST as a new spectral decomposition method were also evaluated.
Morphological characteristics of microscale fractures in gas shale and its pressure-dependent permeability
Authors: Song Zhiyong , Song Hongqing , Ma Dongxu , Zhu Weiyao , Yu Junhong
Published: December 2016

After hydraulic fracture, the brittleness of shale rocks has led to a network of fractures with different scales and orientations. So far, the flow characteristic investigations have been mostly focused on the matrix (nanoscale) and the macrofractures (wider than millimeter scale) with proppants. Between the nano- and macroscales, those microscale fractures that could not be artificially propped were not studied adequately, although they are essential for gas flow due to the extremely low permeability of the original matrix. To simulate the hydraulic-induced microfractures in the laboratory, we have successfully established a new method on the basis of the Brazilian test to produce microscale fractures in cores. X-ray microtomography exhibited the morphology and aperture scale ([Formula: see text]) of the inner fractures. The variety of the fractures morphology was consistent with the previous results of the large-scale hydraulic experiments. The microfractures (aperture [Formula: see text]) enhanced the core permeability by 2–6 orders of magnitude. We found that the pressure-dependent permeability could be expressed by power and exponential functions, whereas the porosity was not applicable to be included in the function. Except for mechanical properties, the fracture permeability and its pressure dependency were intensely influenced by the fracture aperture, tortuosity, and roughness. Furthermore, we suggested that the greater the proportion of natural fractures in the fracture network, the greater the permeability decline with the pressure increase. This knowledge would be essential in practice to estimate the production and to optimize the hydraulic fractures.
The effects of base-salt relief on salt flow and suprasalt deformation patterns — Part 2: Application to the eastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Dooley Tim P. , Hudec Michael R.
Published: December 2016

In the eastern Gulf of Mexico, the pattern of early stage salt flow is complicated by basement topography consisting of a series of plunging arches that trend obliquely to the early flow direction. Seismic lines downdip of the Florida Middle Ground Arch reveal a puzzling array of structures. Sections trending roughly north–south (parallel to the regional dip) document predominantly extensional structures; however, east–west sections reveal shortening structures. Both sets of structures occur well updip of the downdip salt pinchout. We designed a physical-modeling study to investigate these puzzling relationships. Models presented in Part 1 of this paper indicate that localized shortening and extension can occur as salt passes over simple base-salt steps. Physical models were run with complex salt isopachs featuring plunging arches oblique to dip and salt flow. Models reveal the formation of shortening belts as the salt and its thin prekinematic overburden are translated across the arches. The complex salt isopachs deflect salt flow to produce convergent and divergent flow, which, along with flow-velocity gradients, results in the rotation of early formed thrust belts. Rotations of up to 70° were recorded in the most complex model, resulting in transported fold belts with trends that were close to dip parallel, similar to those observed on seismic data from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Additional zones of shortening are found in and around complex salt pinchouts in the updip zones of the gravity-gliding system. The dynamic nature of these salt-related tectonic systems can result in the downdip translation of fold belts far from the basement topography over which they were created.
Interpretation of salt-cored frontal structures in the Southern Pyrenees guided by analog modeling, surface and subsurface data
Authors: Carola Eloi , Ferrer Oriol , Vidal-Royo Oskar , Muñoz Josep Anton
Published: December 2016

Southern Pyrenean frontal thrusts are usually blind or partially covered by syn- and post-tectonic sediments of the Ebro Foreland hampering their interpretation. We have investigated the geometry and evolution of the Súria Anticline, a frontal structure of the Southern Pyrenees, which is characterized by the presence of multiple buried and blind thrusts displaying a complex triangle zone and several fishtail structures at depth. To characterize the geometry and structural evolution, a combination of surface geology, subsurface data interpretation, and analog modeling have been integrated into a unique 3D geologic model. The surface geology of this area depicts a rather simple structure, characterized by a north-directed backthrust and a gentle anticline, both striking west–southwest/east–northeast. In contrast, geophysical data indicate that the subsurface structure is more complex, exhibiting several northward- and southward-directed thrusts and folds detaching on the Pyrenean foreland Eocene evaporites. Integration of surface (geologic maps and dip measurements) and subsurface data (seismic and wells) allowed us to reconstruct the 3D structure of this area. To produce a more robust kinematic model, we used an experimental approach to investigate the evolution of frontal structures in folds and thrust belts on evaporitic detachments. Different viscous layer configurations were tested in a series of sandbox models comparing them with the evolution of the Súria Anticline. Taking into account the deformation and that seismic quality is in general poor, the experimental results allow us to better characterize the structures developed in this area. Our structural evolution is characterized by an early stage of salt inflation and fold nucleation. With increasing shortening, the structure evolved to a detachment anticline eventually developing a northward-directed thrust that broke through the northern anticline limb. The present-day geometry developed in a later stage of fold reactivation, when a new regional fold formed, and tightened the preexisting structure.
Can Social Information Affect What Job You Choose and Keep?
Authors: Coffman Lucas C. , Featherstone Clayton R. , Kessler Judd B.
Published: December 2016

We show that the provision of social information influences a high-stakes decision and this influence persists over time. In a field experiment involving thousands of admits to Teach For America, those told about the previous year's matriculation rate are more likely to accept a teaching job, complete training, start, and return a second year. To show robustness, we develop a simple theory that identifies subgroups where we expect larger treatment effects and find our effect is larger in those subgroups. That social information can have a powerful, persistent effect on high-stakes behavior broadens its relevance for policy and theory. (JEL D83, I21, J22, J45, L31, Z13)
The Effects of DNA Databases on Crime
Authors: Doleac Jennifer L.
Published: December 2016

Every US state has a database of criminal offenders' DNA profiles. These databases receive widespread attention in the media and popular culture, but there has been no rigorous analysis of their impact on crime. This paper intends to fill that gap. I exploit the details and timing of state DNA database expansions in two ways, first to address the effects of DNA profiling on individuals' subsequent criminal behavior and then to address the aggregate effects on crime rates. I show that DNA databases deter crime by profiled offenders, reduce crime rates, and are more cost-effective than traditional law enforcement tools. (JEL H76, K42)
Moving to Opportunity or Isolation? Network Effects of a Randomized Housing Lottery in Urban India
Authors: Barnhardt Sharon , Field Erica , Pande Rohini
Published: December 2016

A housing lottery in an Indian city provided winning slum dwellers the opportunity to move into improved housing on the city's periphery. Fourteen years later, winners report improved housing but no change in tenure security, family income, or human capital. Winners also report increased isolation from family and caste networks and reduced informal insurance. We observe significant program exit: 34 percent of winners never took up subsidized housing and 32 percent eventually exited. Our results suggest negligible long-run economic value of this expensive public program and point to the importance of considering social networks in housing programs for the poor. (JEL I38, O15, O18, R23, R31, R38, Z13)
Tax Me, but Spend Wisely? Sources of Public Finance and Government Accountability
Authors: Gadenne Lucie
Published: December 2016

Existing evidence suggests that extra grant revenues lead to little improvements in public services in developing countries—but would governments spend tax revenues differently? This paper considers a program that invests in the tax capacity of Brazilian municipalities. Using variations in the timing of program uptake, I find that it raises local tax revenues and that the increase in taxes is used to improve both the quantity and quality of municipal education infrastructure. In contrast, increases in grants over which municipalities have the same discretion as taxes have no impact on any measure of local public infrastructure. These results suggest that the way governments are financed matters: governments spend increases in tax revenues more toward expenditures that benefit citizens than increases in grant revenues. (JEL H71, H75, H76, I21, I22, O15, R51)
Leucemia em adultos e proximidade de residências das linhas de alta tensão em Uberlândia: estudo do tipo caso-controle
Authors: Matos Maria Clara Nunes de , Oliveira Alesca Prado de , Oliveira Antônio Marcos Machado de , Pereira Boscolli Barbosa
Published: December 2016

Introdução: A relação entre doenças crônicas e poluição gerada por campos eletromagnéticos tem sido alvo de estudos nos últimos 37 anos e tem demonstrado a importância do ambiente como fator condicionante da saúde. O objetivo dessa investigação é avaliar a associação entre casos de leucemia e proximidade das residências em relação às linhas de alta tensão. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo do tipo caso-controle com 1439 pacientes com leucemias (CID 10, C91-95), maiores de 18 anos, diagnosticados em Uberlândia MG, entre 1999-2015. Os controles foram pareados segundo a proximidade das residências em relação às linhas de alta tensão, idade e sexo. Resultados: Foi identificado risco aumentado de leucemia entre adultos que moram mais próximos às linhas de alta tensão, comparados àqueles que moram a mais de 200m. O maior risco foi encontrado para os que vivem até 50m da linha (OR=1,68; 95%IC=1,41-2,53). Foi observada a probabilidade de ocorrência de leucemia levando em consideração fatores de confundimento (sexo e idade), destacando-se maior chance entre indivíduos do sexo masculino, com mais de 60 anos e que residem até 50m da linha de transmissão (54,96%). Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados sugerem de forma consistente um efeito dose-resposta, evidenciando a possibilidade de aumento de risco de leucemia para indivíduos que residem mais próximo às redes de alta tensão.
Fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento de pessoas com diabetes mellitus assistidos pela atenção primária de saúde
Authors: Campos Thais Silva Pereira , Silva Denise Maria Guerreiro Vieira da , Romanoski Priscila Juceli , Ferreira Carine , Rocha Francieli Lohn
Published: December 2016

Introdução: As doenças crônicas são grande problema de saúde pública na atualidade, entre elas o diabetes mellitus e suas complicações. Objetivo: conhecer os fatores associados que interferem na adesão ao tratamento de pessoas com diabetes mellitus na atenção primária de saúde. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo, realizado com 20 pessoas com diabetes mellitus cadastradas em Centros de Saúde de Florianópolis/Santa Catarina/Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, seguidas de análise de conteúdo convencional. Resultados: Fatores como hábitos saudáveis preexistentes, apoio da família, acesso aos medicamentos e preocupação com as complicações contribuem para a adesão ao tratamento. Por outro lado, a imposição da família, a falta de apoio que gera sentimentos de tristeza e solidão, o custo da alimentação saudável, dos medicamentos e de consultas a profissionais, e o fato de sentir-se imune às complicações, são fatores que dificultam ao tratamento. Conclusão: há diferentes fatores que interferem na adesão ao tratamento, sendo necessário investir em um processo de educação em saúde convergente às necessidades das pessoas, utilizando abordagens que favoreçam o diálogo e o envolvimento da família
Análise da contaminação de chupetas por enteroparasitas e fungos em escola de ensino fundamental
Authors: Abreu Paola de Oliveira , Grossi Mariana , Hoerbe Alice , Santin Luisa Assoni , Silveira Camila Böck , Fernandes Roberta Dreyer , Kurtz Tatiana , Bastos Marília Dornelles
Published: December 2016

Introdução: Como qualquer outro objeto levado à boca, a chupeta apresenta-se como um reservatório potencial de microorganismos. Através dessa pesquisa, busca-se avaliar as chupetas utilizadas por crianças, com o propósito de detectar os microorganismos mais prevalentes e, a partir disso, planejar estratégias de prevenção, controle e redução de possíveis enfermidades na infância. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo, descritivo e observacional com fontes de dados primários, obtido por meio da análise de chupetas. O grupo em estudo era constituído por crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre um a seis anos, matriculados em escola municipal de ensino infantil, em Santa Cruz do Sul. Resultados: Foram analisadas 72 chupetas de crianças com idade média de 3,46 anos, sendo 51,39%, do sexo masculino. Em quatro amostras foram encontradas Candida albicans, não sendo detectados enteroparasitas. Foi observado que 9,72% das chupetas nunca são limpas antes de serem oferecidas à criança e mais de 20% delas não são guardadas em local adequado. A água consumida pela criança na própria residência foi oriunda da torneira em 70,83% e filtrada em 13,88% dos casos. Na escola, a água consumida era apenas da torneira. Observou-se que 9,32% das mães tinham conhecimento vago sobre a transmissão de parasitas pela chupeta. Conclusões: A prevalência de enteropatógenos detectados nas chupetas estudadas foi menor do que a descrita na literatura, porém o estudo demonstra a necessidade de um melhor esclarecimento aos pais quanto aos cuidados para prevenção de enfermidades e sobre os malefícios que o uso da chupeta pode ocasionar.
Characterization of the intensity of effort of blind athletes from the brazilian footbal 5-a-side national team
Authors: Souza Ramon Pereira , Alves José Manuel Vilaça Maio , Gorla José Irineu , Novaes Giovanni , Cabral Soraia Izabel Correa , Neves Eduardo Borba , Nogueira Claudio Diehl
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Football 5-a-side is a sport played by blind athletes that takes part in the Paralympic Games since 2004. The Brazilian national team is currently considered the best team in the world in this sport. Objective: To analyze the variations of intensity of effort (average per position and group average) made by blind athletes of the Brazilian football 5-a-side national team during six matches simulations. Methods: The sample on this research is the intentional type, made with eight blind male players, ages ranging from 21 to 30 years old (23.8 ± 3.3), all of them part of the Brazilian Football 5-a-side National team, which played in the 2012 Paralympics Games in England. In was evaluated the VO2máx and the heart rate during six simulations of official matches. Results: The intensity of effort of the blind athletes of the Brazilian Football 5-a-side National Team is intermittent and remains 52.5 % of the total time of a match (50 minutes) with an intensity of effort between the zone 2 (between threshold ventilation and respiratory compensation point) and the zone 3 (above the respiratory compensation point) averaging 89.8 % of the HR max. Conclusion: The intensity of effort is greater than the Football of 11 and, that in the Futsal players.
Satisfação de pacientes quanto à assistência de enfermagem: dimensão educacional
Authors: Caldeira Ághata Barbosa Ramalho , Baracho Valéria da Silva , Guedes Camila de Fátima , Ferreira Paulo Henrique da Cruz , Guedes Helisamara Mota , Ribeiro Liliane da Consolação Campos
Published: December 2016

Introdução: Conhecer a satisfação do paciente com os cuidados de enfermagem possibilita ao enfermeiro avaliar e planejar a assistência no sentido de atender às necessidades da clientela atendida. Objetivo: Este trabalho objetivou analisar a satisfação do paciente quanto à assistência de enfermagem hospitalar por meio da dimensão educacional. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado em um hospital privado, filantrópico, com 223 pacientes internados, utilizando o Instrumento de Satisfação do Paciente (ISP). Resultados: Encontrou-se a média de 3,62 no ISP. Para 70,9% dos pacientes, o enfermeiro preocupa-se em explicar sobre a doença; 77,6% discordam de que o enfermeiro faça muitas perguntas sem utilidade; 85,7% relatam que esses profissionais não utilizam uma linguagem simples, uma vez que 83,9% não entendem o que é falado por eles; 83,3% acham que os enfermeiros falam muito rápido; 68,6% gostariam que o enfermeiro desse explicações completas e suficientes acerca da solicitação de exames, e 48%, dos resultados desses. Conclusão: Há necessidade de implementar ações de educação em saúde na instituição hospitalar, melhorar a comunicação entre pacientes e enfermeiros, para, assim, obter resultados benéficos que ajudem no tratamento do paciente e na qualidade assistencial.
Respostas anti-inflamatórias ao exercício terapêutico na osteoartrite de joelho: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Menezes-Reis Rafael , Ribeiro Victor Barbosa , Zechin-Oliveira Arthur Marques , Santiago Hildemberg Agostinho Rocha de
Published: December 2016

Introdução: A osteoartrite (OA) de joelho atinge 10% da população mundial com idade de 60 anos ou mais. Citocinas, prostaglandinas e enzimas como IL-6, TNF-α, PCR, metaloproteínases, entre outras, são responsáveis por desencadear o processo inflamatório na articulação, degradação da cartilagem, formação de edema, incapacidades funcionais e dor. Embora o processo de degradação da cartilagem articular seja considerado de difícil reversão, sabe-se que pode ser estabilizado ou prevenido com o exercício físico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática acerca dos efeitos de exercícios terapêuticos sobre o processo inflamatório em indivíduos com osteoartrite de joelho. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca por artigos originais e em inglês e publicados em periódicos com fator de impacto indexados na base de dados Pubmed. Resultados: Foram encontrados 211 artigos originais, e 16 foram selecionados por se enquadrarem nos critérios de inclusão estabelecidos. Conclusão: O exercício terapêutico promoveu redução dos níveis séricos de citocinas pró-inflamatórias, em especial IL-6, TNF e PCR. Protocolos de exercícios de fortalecimento associados a exercícios aeróbios e dieta alimentar mostraram ser a combinação mais eficaz na redução da resposta inflamatória. O uso de medicamentos associados não interfere nos benefícios do exercício terapêutico na OA de joelho.
Efeitos da orientação nutricional, de curto prazo, sobre variáveis dietéticas e econômicas de escolares
Authors: Domiciano Ribeiro Rúbia Daniery , Santos Virgínia Souza , Almeida Martha Elisa Ferreira de
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da orientação nutricional, de curto prazo, sobre variáveis dietéticas e econômicas de escolares. Métodos: avaliou-se o tempo da ingestão da alimentação escolar, antes e depois do emprego de orientações nutricionais, de crianças com excesso de peso, e os custos dos alimentos trazidos de casa. Trabalhou-se várias atividades de orientações nutricionais para aumentar o tempo da ingestão alimentar e melhorar a qualidade dos alimentos consumidos durante o recreio escolar. Os valores do tempo de ingestão alimentar foram comparados pelo teste de Wilcoxon, a 5%. Resultados: o tempo de ingestão da alimentação escolar aumentou (p<0,05) apenas entre os meninos com sobrepeso. Os custos com a alimentação reduziram após a intervenção nutricional na maioria dos avaliados, e ocorreu a substituição dos alimentos com elevados teores de açúcares e gorduras, por aqueles ricos em fibras e vitaminas. Conclusão: não houve o aumento do tempo da ingestão alimentar na maioria das crianças avaliadas, porém ocorreu um maior consumo de frutas e iogurte, e reduziu-se a ingestão de refrigerantes, bem como os custos com os alimentos oriundos do domicílio.
Hérnia Incisional: proposta de um fluxograma que oriente o tratamento
Authors: Markovic Aleksandra , Barreira Márcio Alencar , Goes Annya Costa Araújo de Macedo
Published: December 2016

Introdução: A hérnia incisional (HI) é conceituada como qualquer falha ou orifício na parede abdominal, com ou sem protuberância, em área de cicatriz pós-operatória, diagnosticada pelo exame clínico ou de imagem. Objetivo: criar um fluxograma que, embasado por uma relevante bibliografia, oriente o tratamento de tais hérnias. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de cará ter descritivo, exploratório e observacional retrospectivo, tipo revisão integrativa. O período de coleta de dados desenvolveu-se entre os meses de janeiro e setembro de 2016, nas seguintes bases de dados: Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde: Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) e PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) - free full text e em língua portuguesa e inglesa - com publicaç ões realizadas no perí odo entre 2000 e 2015, por meio do seguinte descritor: incisional hernia review. Como critério de inclusão, foram selecionados os artigos cujo título indicasse alguma forma de diagnóstico, tratamento ou abordagem de HI. Após a leitura do Abstract, foram excluídos das propedêuticas os artigos que, em sua metodologia, não se apresentassem como revisão sistemática ou metanálise, culminando em nove artigos. Para a coleta de informação, todos os artigos foram lidos em sua íntegra, visando às mais variadas abordagens de HI em várias situações e sempre conferindo a referência bibliográfica. Assim, foram avaliados os artigos citados como referência entre os nove selecionados, mesmo que fossem de anos inferiores a 2000. Resultados: Foram localizados 42 artigos no Scielo e 351 no Pubmed. Foram obtidos nove artigos entre os anos 2000 e 2015 e 21 de anos anteriores. O diagnóstico, na maioria dos casos, foi clínico. Geralmente, o tratamento é cirúrgico, podendo ser por via aberta ou laparoscópica. Em ambos os casos, o uso de prótese é quase mandatório, salvo algumas exceções. Quanto maior o tamanho da hérnia, mais se tende indicar a via aberta. Nos tamanhos maiores que 15 cm, o estudo da pressão abdominal é necessário, também nos estudos com pressão maior que 10 cmH2O que sejam indicativos de procedimentos prévios ao reparo definitivo da hérnia, tais como o pneumoperitônio progressivo e a aplicação intraparietal de toxina botulínica tipo A. Nos casos de urgência, como o estrangulamento e a síndrome compartimental, a laparotomia imediata se faz necessária. Conclusões: Por meio deste estudo, pudemos criar um verdadeiro roteiro para o tratamento das Hérnias Incisionais. Tal fluxograma poderia ser adotado em qualquer centro hospitalar que cuida de tal patologia, uma vez que ele segue as recomendações vigentes em vários artigos científicos especializados no tema.
TCGA Workflow: Analyze cancer genomics and epigenomics data using Bioconductor packages
Authors: Silva Tiago C. , Colaprico Antonio , Olsen Catharina , D'Angelo Fulvio , Bontempi Gianluca , Ceccarelli Michele , Noushmehr Houtan
Published: December 2016

Biotechnological advances in sequencing have led to an explosion of publicly available data via large international consortia such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE), and The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Mapping Consortium (Roadmap). These projects have provided unprecedented opportunities to interrogate the epigenome of cultured cancer cell lines as well as normal and tumor tissues with high genomic resolution. The Bioconductor project offers more than 1,000 open-source software and statistical packages to analyze high-throughput genomic data. However, most packages are designed for specific data types (e.g. expression, epigenetics, genomics) and there is no one comprehensive tool that provides a complete integrative analysis of the resources and data provided by all three public projects. A need to create an integration of these different analyses was recently proposed. In this workflow, we provide a series of biologically focused integrative analyses of different molecular data. We describe how to download, process and prepare TCGA data and by harnessing several key Bioconductor packages, we describe how to extract biologically meaningful genomic and epigenomic data. Using Roadmap and ENCODE data, we provide a work plan to identify biologically relevant functional epigenomic elements associated with cancer. To illustrate our workflow, we analyzed two types of brain tumors: low-grade glioma (LGG) versus high-grade glioma (glioblastoma multiform or GBM). This workflow introduces the following Bioconductor packages: AnnotationHub, ChIPSeeker, ComplexHeatmap, pathview, ELMER, GAIA, MINET, RTCGAToolbox, TCGAbiolinks.
Level of personality integration in psychopathy
Authors: Cierpiałkowska Lidia , Groth Jarosław , Kleka Paweł
Published: December 2016

Cel pracy

Celem prezentowanych badań było stwierdzenie czy występujące w obrazie klinicznym psychopatii różnice, które pozwalają na wyodrębnienie jej podtypów, mają u podłoża różny poziom patologii organizacji (integracji) osobowości wg O. Kernberga.

Metoda

Badaniami objęto grupę 417 osób – 88,5% stanowili przestępcy, 11,5% nieprzestępcy. Nasilenie psychopatii zmierzono Kwestionariuszem Osobowości Psychopatycznej (PPI-R) S.O. Lilienfelda, natomiast poziom integracji osobowości Kwestionariuszem Osobowości Borderline (BPI) F. Leichsenringa. Posłużono się analizą skupień k-średnich i metodą AUC.

Wyniki

Analiza skupień pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie dwóch grup osób: skupienie 1 – psychopaci nieustraszono-dominujący, zaś skupienie 2 – psychopaci ekscentryczno-impulsywni. Psychopaci egocentryczno-impulsywni istotnie częściej niż psychopaci nieustraszono-dominujący charakteryzują się organizacją osobowości borderline. Wykazują oni, obok objawów psychopatii, głębsze zaburzenia tożsamości, częściej stosują prymitywne mechanizmy obronne, wykazują lęk przed fuzją oraz poważniejsze problemy w testowaniu rzeczywistości.

Wnioski

Różnice w obrazie klinicznym psychopatii są odzwierciedleniem różnego poziomu integracji osobowości. Potwierdzona została teza o dystynktywnym charakterze bezduszności i jej obecności w obrazie psychopatii niezależnie od konfiguracji cech w wyłonionych podtypach.