bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of channel length on the electrical response of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors to deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization
Authors: Salila Vijayalal Mohan Hari Krishna , An Jianing , Zhang Yani , Wong Chee How , Zheng Lianxi
Published: November 2014

A single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration provides an ideal electronic path for label-free detection of nucleic acid hybridization. The simultaneous influence of more than one response mechanism in hybridization detection causes a variation in electrical parameters such as conductance, transconductance, threshold voltage and hysteresis gap. The channel length (L) dependence of each of these parameters necessitates the need to include them when interpreting the effect of L on the response to hybridization. Using the definitions of intrinsic effective mobility (µe) and device field-effect mobility (µf), two new parameters were defined to interpret the effect of L on the FET response to hybridization. Our results indicate that FETs with ≈300 µm long SWCNT exhibited the most appreciable response to hybridization, which complied with the variation trend in response to the newly defined parameters.
The gut wall provides an effective barrier against nanoparticle uptake
Authors: Sinnecker Heike , Krause Thorsten , Koelling Sabine , Lautenschläger Ingmar , Frey Andreas
Published: November 2014

Background: The omnipresence of nanoparticles (NPs) in numerous goods has led to a constant risk of exposure and inadvertent uptake for humans. This situation calls for thorough investigation of the consequences of NP intake. As the vast mucosa of the human gastrointestinal tract represents an attractive site of entry, we wanted to take a look on the fate that ingested NPs suffer in the gut. As a model to investigate NP uptake we used the isolated perfused rat small intestine. Differently sized fluorescent latex particles were used as exemplary anthropogenic NPs.

Results: The particles were administered as bolus into the isolated intestine, and samples from the luminal, vascular and lymphatic compartments were collected over time. NP amounts in the different fluids were determined by fluorescence measurements. No particles could be detected in the vascular and lymphatic system. By contrast a major amount of NPs was found in luminal samples. Yet, a substantial share of particles could not be recovered in the fluid fractions, indicating a sink function of the intestinal tissue for NPs. A histological examination of the gut revealed that virtually no particles adhered to the epithelium or resided in the tissue, the bulk of particles seemed to be trapped in the mucus lining the gut tube. When this mucus was dissolved and removed from the gut almost the entire amount of particles missing could be recovered: over 95% of the given NPs were present in the two fractions, the luminal samples and the dissolved mucus. To foster NP uptake via an extended interaction time with the epithelium, the intestinal peristalsis was decelerated and the duration of the experiment was prolonged. Even under those conditions, no particle fluorescence was detected in the vascular and lymphatic samples.

Conclusion: We could show that after intestinal exposure with a large dose of NPs the vast majority of NPs did obviously not come into contact with the epithelium but was either directly discarded from the gut or trapped in mucus. The healthy small intestinal tract evidently provides an effective barrier against NP uptake whereby the mucus film seems to play an important role.
A general metal-free approach for the stereoselective synthesis of C-glycals from unactivated alkynes
Authors: Devari Shekaraiah , Kumar Manjeet , Deshidi Ramesh , Rizvi Masood , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: November 2014

A novel metal-free strategy for a rapid and α-selctive C-alkynylation of glycals was developed. The reaction utilizes TMSOTf as a promoter to generate in situ trimethylsilylacetylene for C-alkynylation. Thanks to this methodology, we can access C-glycosides in a single step from a variety of acetylenes , i.e., arylacetylenes and most importantly aliphatic alkynes.
Glial alterations in tuberculous and cryptococcal meningitis and their relation to HIV co-infection – A study on human brains
Authors: Tripathi Surya , Patro Ishan , Mahadevan Anita , Patro Nisha , Phillip Mariamma , Shankar Susarla Krishna
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Tuberculosis and cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system are common AIDS-associated opportunistic infections in tropical underdeveloped and developing countries. To date, research on these infections has focused on clinical, imaging, laboratory diagnosis, and animal models to elucidate the pathogenesis. There is paucity of information on astroglial and microglial alterations in the human nervous system following these infections. Methodology: The pathomorphologic and morphometric alterations of astroglia and microglia in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in cases of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) with and without associated HIV were described and compared with cases of HIV encephalitis without opportunistic infections (OI) and HIV-negative human brain tissue. Results: In TBM, the microglia and astrocytes were activated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia, aggregating in the subpial zone and around granulomas in meningeal exudate. In cases of cryptococcal meningitis, reactive changes were less prominent, though activation of both cellular elements was found. Association of HIV with these OIs resulted in muted glial and microglial response. In HIV encephalitis without OI, the level of activation of was low. Both astroglial and microglial cells expressed caspase-3, a pro-apoptotic marker, following HIV and opportunistic infections. Neuronal apoptosis, a mechanism to ensure neuronal survival, was less evident. The reactive astrocytes and microglia following opportunistic infection developed dystrophic changes heralding senescence. Conclusions: Further studies on neuronal-astroglial-microglial interaction will offer deeper insight into the pathogenetic and immune mechanisms in the cellular and pathomorphological evolution of tuberculous and cryptococcal infections.
Three-year study of health care-associated infections in a Turkish pediatric ward
Authors: Kuzdan Canan , Soysal Ahmet , Çulha Gulcan , Altinkanat Gulsen , Soyletir Guner , Bakir Mustafa
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Health care-associated infections (HCAIs) can cause an increase in morbidity, mortality and costs, especially in developing countries. As information on the epidemiology of HCAIs in pediatric patientsinTurkey is limited, we decided to study the annual incidence and antibiotic resistance patterns in our pediatric ward at Marmara University Hospital. Methodology: All hospitalized patients in the pediatric ward were assessed with regard to HCAIs betweenJanuary 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. Data was prospectively collected according to standard protocols of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NosoLINE). Results: A total of 16.5% of all hospitalized patients developed HCAIs in the three years studied. The most frequent HCAIs were urinary tract infections (UTI) (29.3%), bloodstream infections (27%) and pneumonias (21%). While the most frequent agent isolatedfrom UTI was Escherichia coli (26%), the most common agent in blood stream infections was Staphylococcus epidermidis (30.4%). Vancomycin resistance was found in 73.3% of all Enterococcus faecium strains. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase was detected in 58.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli isolates. Conclusions: Continual HCAI surveillance is important to determineits rate. Knowledge of the HCAI incidence can influence people’s use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and encourage antibiotic rotation. Moreover, the knowledge of HCAI incidence may support the infection control programmes, including education and isolation methods which ultimately may help to reducethe rate of the HCAIs.
Foodborne bacterial pathogens recovered from contaminated shawarma meat in northern Jordan
Authors: Nimri Laila , Abu AL- Dahab Fatina , Batchoun Raymond
Published: November 2014

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to isolate, identify, and determine the antimicrobial resistance of the bacterial pathogens recovered from shawarma (donair) sandwiches served to the public in Jordan. Methodology: Bacterial contamination of 100 shawarma sandwiches with pathogenic bacteria was studied by culture on selective media, serology, PCR assay, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: One hundred and forty-five bacterial isolates were identified. The predominant species was Escherichia coli (28.3%), with six isolates of serotype O157:H7, followed by Salmonella spp. (25.5%). Higher contamination rates were found in chicken sandwiches. The majority of these bacteria expressed high resistance to several antimicrobials, especially tetracycline and streptomycin. Citrobacter freundii was isolated from 15.9% and Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 8.3% of the sandwiches. The presence of these pathogens is of primary concern because some strains are capable of producing a heat-stable enterotoxin that causes food poisoning in humans, and should therefore be taken into account in risk assessment. Conclusions: Results signify the importance of sustained surveillance of foodborne pathogens in shawarma sandwiches to minimize the risk of contamination. Availability of data on the isolated pathogens and modes of transmission in food from different countries would provide a common ground for reaching international agreement on food safety regulations.
Association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex among men and women in Uganda
Authors: Kerridge Bradley Townsend , Castor Delivette , Tran Phu , Barnhart Matthew , Pickering Roger
Published: November 2014

Introduction: This study examined the association between intoxication at last sexual intercourse and unprotected sex using data derived from a nationally representative survey conducted in Uganda in 2011. Methodology: Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the intoxication-unprotected sex association separately among men and women, adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral covariates that were also examined as moderators of the association. Results: Among men, intoxication at last sexual intercourse was almost entirely attributed to their own drinking, while women most frequently reported intoxication among their partners only. Among women, there was a significant association between their partner’s intoxication and unprotected sex (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.07-1.73. Intoxication was associated with unprotected sex among unmarried men (AOR = 2.09; 95%; CI = 1.45-2.84), an association not observed among married men. Conclusions: The results suggest that the alcohol-unprotected sex link should be incorporated within Ugandan National HIV Prevention Strategy. These interventions should be designed to target unmarried men. Programs that combine alcohol reduction and address structural factors that constrain women’s ability to negotiate condom use are also needed.
Nanotechnology in the Regeneration of Complex Tissues
Authors: Cassidy John W.
Published: November 2014

Modern medicine faces a growing crisis as demand for organ transplantations continues to far outstrip supply. By stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms, regenerative medicine aims to reduce demand for organs, while the closely related field of tissue engineering promises to deliver “of-the-self” organs grown from patients' own stem cells to improve supply. To deliver on these promises, we must have reliable means of generating complex tissues. Thus far, the majority of successful tissue engineering approaches have relied on macroporous scaffolds to provide cells with both mechanical support and differentiative cues. In order to engineer complex tissues, greater attention must be paid to nanoscale cues present in a cell's microenvironment. As the extracellular matrix is capable of driving complexity during development, it must be understood and reproduced in order to recapitulate complexity in engineered tissues. This review will summarize current progress in engineering complex tissue through the integration of nanocomposites and biomimetic scaffolds.
Trauma Y Emergencias En El Sur Del Ecuador; Historia, Realidad Y Perspectivas
Authors: Molina Juan Carlos Salamea , Sacoto Hernan
Published: November 2014

Presentamos una recopilación histórica de 18 años y los esfuerzos realizados para mejorar la atención del trauma en el Ecuador en especial en la zona sur. Es el momento para realizar una evaluación global, mirar fortalezas y debilidades y proponer el trabajo a mediano plazo para llegar a la meta de que un país con ingresos medianos y bajos disponga de un sistema de trauma, convirtiéndose en un ejemplo panamericano.
Polish version of the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS): Preliminary validation and personality correlates
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Barczak Agata , Lewandowska-Walter Aleksandra , Dozois David J. A.
Published: November 2014

Background

The aim of the two research studies presented in this article was to test the reliability and validity of the Polish version of the Cognitive Distortions Scale (CDS). The relation of the CDS to psychological measures of well-being and other theoretically relevant variables was also explored.

Participants and procedure

Two correlational studies were conducted with psychology undergraduate students and their family members (n = 196 and n = 90, respectively). Participants completed a paper-pencil set of questionnaires that contained measures of cognitive errors (study 1) and scales related to perceived quality of life and psychological well-being (study 2).

Results

Preliminary results supported the reliability of the Polish version of CDS (with Cronbach’s α .91 and .90) and convergent validity as indicated by correlations with maladaptive self-views and perceived relationship quality.

Conclusions

The Polish version of CDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of cognitive distortions.
Psychological and socio-demographic correlates of women’s decisions to give birth at home
Authors: Domańska Urszula , Ossowski Roman , Ciżkowicz Barbara
Published: November 2014

Background

Some women decide to give birth at home. They treat their home as a safe place to do so, are against medicalization of natural labour or value activity and autonomy during labour. They are also characterized by good knowledge of their own bodies and about labour in general (including labour at home).

Psychological studies have revealed a correlation between labour (including the derived satisfaction) and the levels of dispositional optimism, perception of efficacy, and coping with pain. Analysis of the available demographic data shows that the decision to give birth at home is correlated with a certain socio-demographic profile of women.

Participants and procedures

One hundred thirty five mothers took part in the study. Among them 72 had given birth at home and 63 in a hospital. The following were assumed as important psychological determinants: dispositional optimism, sense of self-efficacy, strategies for coping with pain and their effectiveness. The LOT-R Test, GSES Scale, CSQ Questionnaire as well as a demographic questionnaire were used in the study.

Results

Women who gave birth at home were characterised by significantly higher levels of optimism and sense of self-efficacy in comparison with the other women. Women giving birth at home reinterpreted the sensations of pain more frequently than the others, who were more likely to catastrophise and pray/hope. The level of conviction about having control over pain was much higher in the experimental group. The relationship between choice of place to give birth and the level of education, marital status, area of residence as well as age is weak. Correlations between the place of birth and income, number of children as well as membership of religious communities are moderate and statistically significant.

Conclusions

It is important to see and meet the different expectations of the two distinct groups of women. Today’s phenomenon of homebirth requires systematic interdisciplinary research. The system of obstetric care should get ready for the ongoing social changes. It is also necessary to systematically collect socio-demographic data of women giving birth at home. Further research, as well as the use of current results in the process of selecting women to give birth at home, is suggested.
Sexual self-esteem and sexual needs of young adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Czapla Klaudia , Otrębski Wojciech
Published: November 2014

Background

Sexuality is an important part of human existence, irrespective of race, religion or level of physical fitness. It can, however, be treated and exhibited by individuals in very different ways. The place of sexuality in a person’s life, and in the way it is materialised, is determined by a number of biopsychosocial factors. For some, the presence of these factors and their influence is not a matter of choice. They may arise as a consequence of the psychophysical condition of their organism. People with motor disabilities undoubtedly belong to this group.

Participants and procedure

The study was carried out in Poland on a group of 61 people with roughly equal proportions of men and women. Subject selection was non-random; every subject was diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and was aged between

15 and 25. All of the subjects had normal levels of intelligence. Two methods were used in the study: Sexual Self-esteem Scale and Sexual Needs Scale.

Results

The results in terms of sexual self-esteem and sexual needs allowed two different subgroups of subjects to be distinguished (H – with high scores; L – with low scores). The analysis of significance levels of the differences in terms of sexual self-esteem and sexual needs between subgroups H and L confirmed the clear distinction between each of the subgroups’ clinical pictures (p < .001) in 20 out of 21 of the analysed aspects. Falling in love was the only matter that did not differentiate the subgroups.

Conclusions

There is a clear polarization of the results. Only 1/3 of the respondents had high sexual self-esteem and sexual needs. The remaining 2/3 reported having a rather low sexual self-esteem and low levels of needs with regards to their own sexuality. It needs to be stressed that CP-affected youth, similarly to their peers, may need support in discovering their sexuality and satisfying their sexual needs (2/3 of the respondents). The specifics of the range of support should take into account the aspects highlighted by the literature as associated with the causes of disability and contexts of psychosocial functioning of individuals with CP.
Marginal zone B-cell lymphoma with multiple extranodal locations in a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome – a diagnostic problem
Authors: Domżalska Marta , Smoleńska Żaneta , Czuszyńska Zenobia , Gałecka Katarzyna , Biernat Wojciech , Mital Andrzej , Zdrojewski Zbigniew
Published: November 2014

Zespół Sjögrena jest przewlekłą chorobą autoimmunologiczną charakteryzującą się obecnością nacieków limfocytarnych w gruczołach egzokrynnych, głównie ślinowych i łzowych, co objawia się suchością jamy ustnej i oczu. U około połowy pacjentów z pierwotnym zespołem dochodzi do rozwoju powikłań narządowych, w tym chorób limfoproliferacyjnych.

W pracy opisano przypadek 27-letniej pacjentki z rozpoznanym zespołem Sjögrena, u której podejrzewano zajęcie układu oddechowego w przebiegu ziarniniakowatości z zapaleniem naczyń. Na podstawie wycinka pobranego ze zmienionej skóry u chorej wysunięto podejrzenie chłoniaka strefy brzeżnej z komórek typu B. Po weryfikacji patomorfologicznej i immunohistochemicznej wszystkich dotychczasowych preparatów histopatologicznych oraz analizie dokumentacji medycznej u chorej rozpoznano pozawęzłowego chłoniaka strefy brzeżnej z komórek typu B w stopniu zaawansowania IV wg klasyfikacji Ann Arbor. Chorą skierowano do dalszego leczenia w Klinice Hematologii, gdzie zastosowano leczenie wg schematu R-CVP (cyklofosfamid, winkrystyna, prednizon, rytuksymab).
Short-term effects of thinning, clear-cutting and stump harvesting on methane exchange in a boreal forest
Authors: Sundqvist E. , Vestin P. , Crill P. , Persson T. , Lindroth A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Forest management practices can alter soil conditions, affecting the consumption and production processes that control soil methane (CH4) exchange. We studied the short-term effects of thinning, clear-cutting and stump harvesting on the CH4 exchange between soil and atmosphere at a boreal forest site in central Sweden, using an undisturbed plot as the control. Chambers in combination with a high-precision laser gas analyser were used for continuous measurements. Both the undisturbed plot and the thinned plot were net sinks of CH4, whereas the clear-cut plot and the stump harvested plot were net CH4 sources. The CH4 uptake at the thinned plot was reduced in comparison to the undisturbed plot. The shift from sink to source at the clear-cut and stump harvested plots was probably due to a rise in the water table and an increase in soil moisture, leading to lower gas diffusivity and more reduced conditions, which favour CH4 production by archea. Reduced evapotranspiration after harvesting leads to wetter soils, decreased CH4 consumption and increased CH4 production, and should be accounted for in the CH4 budget of managed forests.
Application of Geographic Information System and Remotesensing in effective solid waste disposal sites selection in Wukro town, Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Mohammedshum A. A. , Gebresilassie M. A. , Rulinda C. M. , Kahsay G. H. , Tesfay M. S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Identifying solid waste disposal sites and appropriately managing them is a challenging task to many developing countries. This is a critical problem too in Ethiopia in general and in Wukro town in particular. The existing site for Wukro town is not sufficient in its capacity and it is damaging the environment due to its location, and the type of waste dumped, while the surrounding area is being irrigated. Due to the swift expansion and urbanization developments in Wukro town, it badly needs to develop controlled solid waste dumping site to prevent several contamination problems. This study was conducted first, to assess the existing waste management strategies in Wukro town; and second, to find out the potential waste disposal sites for the town, using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques. The study exploited the Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) methods to combine necessary factors considered for dumping site selection. The selected method also uses various geographical data including remote sensing data, with GIS spatial analysis tools. Accordingly, site suitability maps for each of the factors were developed in a GIS environment. Results indicate that 12 dumping sites were appropriate and they were further ranked against their suitability in terms of wind direction, proximity to settlement area and distance from the center of the town. Finally, two sites are the best suitable for dumping site. This study indicated that the application of Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing techniques are efficient and low cost tools to study and select appropriate dumping site so as to facilitate decision making processes.
Official crime data versus collaborative crime mapping at a Brazilian city
Authors: Brito P. L. , Jesus E. G. V. , Sant' Ana R. M. S. , Martins C. , Delgado J. P. M. , Fernandes V. O.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. In July of 2013 a group of undergraduate students from the Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, published a collaborative web map called “Where I Was Robbed”. Their initial efforts in publicizing their web map were restricted to announce it at a local radio as a tool of social interest. In two months the map had almost 10.000 reports, 155 reports per day and people from more the 350 cities had already reported a crime. The present study consists in an investigation about this collaborative web map spatial correlation to official robbery data registered at the Secretary of Public Safety database, for the city of Salvador, Bahia. Kernel density estimator combined with map algebra was used to the investigation. Spatial correlations with official robbery data for the city of Salvador were not found initially, but after standardizing collaborative data and mining official registers, both data pointed at very similar areas as the main hot spots for pedestrian robbery. Both areas are located at two of the most economical active areas of the city, although web map crimes reports were more concentrated in an area with higher income population. This results and discussions indicates that this collaborative application is been used mainly by mid class and upper class parcel of the city population, but can still provide significant information on public safety priority areas. Therefore, extended divulgation, on local papers, radio and TV, of the collaborative crime map application and partnership with official agencies are strongly recommended.
Characterisation of Network Objects in Natural and Anthropic Environments
Authors: Harris B. , McDougall K. , Barry M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Networks are structures that organise component objects, and they are extensive and recognisable across a range of environments. Estimating lengths of networks objects and their relationships to areas contiguous to them could assist provide owners with additional knowledge of their assets. There is currently some understanding of the way in which networks (such as waterways) relate and respond to their natural and anthropogenic environments. Despite this knowledge, there is no straight forward formula, method or model that can be applied to assess these relationships to a sufficient level of detail. Whilst waterway networks and their structures are well understood from the work of Horton and Strahler, relatively little attention has been paid to how (or if) these properties and behaviours can inform the understanding of other, unrelated, networks. Analysis of existing natural and built network objects exhibited how relationships derived from waterway networks can be applied in new areas of interest. We create a predictive approach to associate dissimilar objects such as pipe networks to assess if using the model established for waterway networks and their relationships can be functional in other areas. Using diversity of inputs we create data to assist with the creation of a predictive model. This work provides a clean theoretical connection between a formula applied to evaluate waterways and their environments, and other natural and anthropogenic network objects. It fills a key knowledge gap in the assessment and application of approaches used to measure natural and built networks.
Enhanced model for precise point positioning with single and dual frequency GPS/Galileo observables
Authors: Afifi A. , El-Rabbany A.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper introduces a newly developed model for both single and dual-frequency precise point positioning (PPP), which combines GPS and Galileo observables. As is well known, a drawback of a single GNSS system is the availability of sufficient number of visible satellites in urban areas. Combining GPS and Galileo systems offers more visible satellites to users, which is expected to enhance the satellite geometry and the overall positioning solution. However, combining GPS and Galileo observables introduces additional biases which require rigorous modelling, including the GPS to Galileo time offset (GGTO) and the inter-system bias. This research introduces a new ionosphere-free linear combination model for GPS/Galileo PPP, which accounts for the additional errors and biases. An additional unknown is introduced in the least-squares estimation model to account for the additional biases of the GPS/Galileo PPP solution. It is shown that a sub-decimeter level positioning accuracy and 20% reduction in the solution convergence time can be achieved with the newly developed GPS/Galileo PPP model.
Mapping forest stand complexity for woodland caribou habitat assessment using multispectral airborne imagery
Authors: Zhang W. , Hu B. , Woods M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The decline of the woodland caribou population is a result of their habitat loss. To conserve the habitat of the woodland caribou and protect it from extinction, it is critical to accurately characterize and monitor its habitat. Conventionally, products derived from low to medium spatial resolution remote sensing data, such as land cover classification and vegetation indices are used for wildlife habitat assessment. These products fail to provide information on the structure complexities of forest canopies which reflect important characteristics of caribou’s habitats. Recent studies have employed the LiDAR system (Light Detection And Ranging) to directly retrieve the three dimensional forest attributes. Although promising results have been achieved, the acquisition cost of LiDAR data is very high. In this study, utilizing the very high spatial resolution imagery in characterizing the structural development the of forest canopies was exploited. A stand based image texture analysis was performed to predict forest succession stages. The results were demonstrated to be consistent with those derived from LiDAR data.
Spatially Constrained Geospatial Data Clustering for Multilayer Sensor-Based Measurements
Authors: Dhawale N. M. , Adamchuk V. I. , Prasher S. O. , Dutilleul P. R. L. , Ferguson R. B.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. One of the most popular approaches to process high-density proximal soil sensing data is to aggregate similar measurements representing unique field conditions. An innovative constraint-based spatial clustering algorithm has been developed. The algorithm seeks to minimize the mean squared error during the interactive grouping of spatially adjacent measurements similar to each other and different from the other parts of the field. After successful implementation of a one soil property scenario, this research was to accommodate multiple layers of soil properties representing the same area under investigation. Six agricultural fields across Nebraska, USA, were chosen to illustrate the algorithm performance. The three layers considered were field elevation and apparent soil electrical conductivity representing both deep and shallow layers of the soil profile. The algorithm was implemented in MATLAB, R2013b. Prior to the process of interactive grouping, geographic coordinates were projected and erroneous data were filtered out. Additional data pre-processing included bringing each data layer to a 20 × 20 m raster to facilitate multi-layer computations. An interactive grouping starts with a new “nest” search to initiate the first group of measurements that are most different from the rest of the field. This group is grown using a neighbourhood search approach and once growing the group fails to reduce the overall mean squared error, the algorithm seeks to locate a new “nest”, which will grow into another group. This process continues until there is no benefit from separating out an additional part of the field. Results of the six-field trial showed that each case generated a reasonable number of groups which corresponded to agronomic knowledge of the fields. The unique feature of this approach is spatial continuity of each group and capability to process multiple data layers. Further development will involve comparison with a more traditional k-means clustering approach and agronomic model calibration using a targeted soil sampling.
Weighted Visibility Classification and Seating Plan for the Aitken University Centre
Authors: Allison T. , Fraser D. , Stefanakis E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper describes the requirements for a weighted visibility classification of seats in the University of New Brunswick’s (UNB) Aitken University Centre (AUC). Price levels for seats are typically set for sections of seats based on promoter preferences. In a visibility classification, the digital elevation model (DEM) is created for the AUC and includes possible view obstructions. The view obstructions taken into account for this design were the penalty boxes, player bencher, and the rink boards. There were no other major obstructions in the AUC. The visibility calculations compute the number of visible pixels of the rink surface for each seat. It is expected that seats with a higher number of visible pixels will also have better visibility. The number of viewable pixels is weighted by distance to the center of ice surface to account for the preference of seats that are closer to the rink surface. This paper outlines the collection of data, weighted visibility classification method, and the development of information products. There are two main objectives of this weighted visibility classification and seating plan: (a) to demonstrate that a weighted visibility classification is a viable method to classify seats, and that this methodology could be used to set price levels for a venue and (b) create online web applications to suit the functionality for users and venue administrators. The user web application allows the user to pan, zoom and perform limited searches in the interactive map.
Examining Map Projection Distortions using Geospatial Web Tools
Authors: Gupta S. , Tienaah T. , Stefanakis E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. This paper presents a geospatial web application developed recently to support the teaching needs of sophomores at the University of New Brunswick on basic mapping concepts focussing on map projections. The application was built using multiple open source web programming tools and base maps; and it consists of a visualizer and a set of web services.
A New Method for Geometric Quality Evaluation of Remote Sensing Image Based on Information Entropy
Authors: Jiao W. , Long T. , Yang G. , He G.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Geometric accuracy of the remote sensing rectified image is usually evaluated by the root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of the ground control points (GCPs) and check points (CPs). These discrete geometric accuracy index data represent only on a local quality of the image with statistical methods. In addition, the traditional methods only evaluate the difference between the rectified image and reference image, ignoring the degree of the original image distortion. A new method of geometric quality evaluation of remote sensing image based on the information entropy is proposed in this paper. The information entropy, the amount of information and the uncertainty interval of the image before and after rectification are deduced according to the information theory. Four kind of rectification model and seven situations of GCP distribution are applied on the remotely sensed imagery in the experiments. The effective factors of the geometrical accuracy are analysed and the geometric qualities of the image are evaluated in various situations. Results show that the proposed method can be used to evaluate the rectification model, the distribution model of GCPs and the uncertainty of the remotely sensed imagery, and is an effective and objective assessment method.
Geovisualization of Local and Regional Migration Using Web-mined Demographics
Authors: Schuermann R. T. , Chow T. E.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The intent of this research was to augment and facilitate analyses, which gauges the feasibility of web-mined demographics to study spatio-temporal dynamics of migration. As a case study, we explored the spatio-temporal dynamics of Vietnamese Americans (VA) in Texas through geovisualization of mined demographic microdata from the World Wide Web. Based on string matching across all demographic attributes, including full name, address, date of birth, age and phone number, multiple records of the same entity (i.e. person) over time were resolved and reconciled into a database. Migration trajectories were geovisualized through animated sprites by connecting the different addresses associated with the same person and segmenting the trajectory into small fragments. Intra-metropolitan migration patterns appeared at the local scale within many metropolitan areas. At the scale of metropolitan area, varying degrees of immigration and emigration manifest different types of migration clusters. This paper presents a methodology incorporating GIS methods and cartographic design to produce geovisualization animation, enabling the cognitive identification of migration patterns at multiple scales. Identification of spatio-temporal patterns often stimulates further research to better understand the phenomenon and enhance subsequent modeling.
Asesoramiento en la Evaluación del Proceso de Aprendizaje al alumnado de Secundaria
Authors: Pérez Navío Eufrasio
Published: November 2014

En el presente artículo se pone de relieve las inquietudes que, el alumnado del Instituto de Educación Secundaria “María Bellido” de Bailén y del Instituto de Educación Secundaria “Jabalcuz” de Jaén (España), tienen de la organización y planificación de la evaluación que realiza el profesorado que imparte docencia a todos los cursos de primero de Bachillerato. Para ello, se ha desarrollado un cuestionario ad hoc que nos ha permitido conocer la valoración que realizan de la evaluación que llevan  a cabo el profesorado. El instrumento consta de treinta y tres preguntas, nueve abiertas y el resto cerradas, divididas en siete dimensiones: 1. Concepto de evaluación/Concepto de evaluación del docente, 2. Instrumentos de evaluación, 3. Sistemas metodológicos, 4. Relación con el aula, 5. Momento de evaluación, 6. Asesoramiento del docente y 7. Habilidades del docente. En general, la investigación realizada nos arroja que el alumnado sigue teniendo desasosiego a la evaluación. Es percibida, en la mayoría de los casos, como influencia negativa en su vida académica.
El razonamiento moral como elemento constitutivo de la competencia ética: dilemas reales e hipotéticos en profesores de educación secundaria en México
Authors: Hernández González Marcela , González Ornelas Virginia , Pérez Ferra Miguel
Published: November 2014

El objetivo del presente texto es la indagación del razonamiento moral en los profesores de secundaria como un elemento de la competencia ética. Se realizó con dilemas morales hipotéticos (analizados y probados previamente para su validación y cuya fiabilidad se obtuvo a través del alfa de Cronbach) y con dilemas reales. Se aplicó a 264 profesores, miembros de la comunidad académica de la Escuela Normal Superior de Michoacán, México. Se analizó a través del programa estadístico Aquad 6. Entre los descubrimientos se encuentra una presencia mayoritaria de conflictos entre las normas éticas interpersonales con las normas de conformidad social y con las normas institucionales particulares. También que la justicia y la protección contra daños a los alumnos son valores presentes en los dilemas reales y una prevalencia en el razonamiento convencional de los profesores
Diurnal Migration of Zooplankton in Inner Ambon Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Moniharapon Domey , Jaya Indra , Manik Hendrik , Pujiyati Sri , Hestirianoto Totok , Syaihailatua Augy
Published: November 2014

The study aims to analyze diurnal migration of zooplankton in Ambon Bay. Data sampling method which is conducted stationary utilizes pontoon mooring as floating platform for acoustic data sampling. Based on the analysis, diurnal migration of zooplankton occurs at noon, zooplankton swims in water surface to epipelagic zone (0-20 m) with value of scattering volume value -90.13 dB to -100.30 dB; it indicates sparse and scattered aggregation (N=128). At night, scattering volume of -90.01 dB to -100.30 dB indicates dense and concentrated aggregation (N=75). Scattering volume is numerical expression of zooplankton density. Chlorophyll a concentration in depth of 0-10 meter having the highest value of 5.16 ppb highly affects the existence of zooplankton. It functions for food availability of pelagic fish as its carnivore.
Alexander Volck’s Anti-Moravian Polemics as Enlightenment Anxieties
Authors: Miller Derrick R.
Published: November 2014

Alexander Volck’s Das entdeckte Geheimnis der Bosheit der Herrnhutischen Secte (The Revealed Secret of the Malice of the Herrnhuter Sect, 1748-1751) associates the Moravians with developments in philosophy and religion, such as Spinozism and historical Bible criticism, that had been emerging in Europe since the seventeenth century. As a result, Volck’s attacks on the Moravians reveal his anxieties about the challenges to traditional sources of secular and religious authority that the Enlightenment presented.
Typification of some names in Epacridoideae (Ericaceae)
Authors: Crayn Darren Michael , Kron Kathleen , Potter Benjamin
Published: November 2014

Several longstanding generic names in current use in the Epacridoideae (Ericaceae) are untypified: Archeria Hook.f., Astroloma R.Br., Coleanthera Stschegl., Pentachondra R.Br., and Lysinema R.Br.. This short paper clarifies the typification of these names, and of Epacris pumila J.R.Forst. & G.Forst., the basionym of Pentachondra pumila (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) R.Br. The use of the name Epacridoideae for the subfamily previously known as Styphelioideae (sensu Kron et al. 2002) is also briefly discussed in light of Article 19.5 in the Melbourne Code.
Displaying the American genius: the electromagnetic telegraph in the wider world
Authors: BEKTAS YAKUP
Published: July 2002

Shortly after he made a working model of his electromagnetic telegraph in 1837, Samuel F. B. Morse and his associates began an intense initiative to publicize and market it to the world. At first, using the social skills he had learned during his years as a portrait painter, Morse strove to gain the support of the upper classes in Europe. He and his agents saw the physical seats of institutions such as palaces and academy lecture halls as the most desirable settings for public demonstrations of the apparatus. To win public support back at home, they made a point of politicizing the invention by presenting it as an example of American mechanical ingenuity. Their efforts to market the invention were not confined to the United States, Britain and France, but included the rest of Europe and the Near and Far East as well. The telegraph promoters, presuming an oriental fascination with magic, endeavoured to exploit potential markets in the East, particularly the Ottoman Empire and Japan, by making the most of its wondrous effects. The Sultan's palace provided a most exotic setting for display of the electromagnetic telegraph.
Editing out caloric: Fresnel, Arago and the meaning of light
Authors: LEVITT THERESA
Published: July 2002

Augustin Fresnel and François Arago are typically credited with jointly establishing the
wave theory of light in early nineteenth-century France. Yet the two men, working in different
traditions, brought to their collaboration vastly different conceptions of what light was and how
it should be studied. This paper traces the work that went into co-ordinating these disparate
approaches into a united front, as well as the dissolution of the alliance after 1821. Although the
fruits of their alliance proved remarkably stable, in fact agreement between them was never more
than partial.
Altered States: Explaining Domestic Institutional Change
Authors: CORTELL ANDREW P. , PETERSON SYSAN
Published: July 2002

Existing explanations of domestic structural change focus on the role crises play in precipitating radical or episodic change. They largely ignore the sources and consequences of incremental change, even though this type of change also can have significant effects for policy processes and outcomes. We outline a framework for studying institutional transformation that accounts for both forms of change. The argument is a three part one. First, international and domestic events, including both crises and gradual pressures, open windows of opportunity that provide policy officials with the potential to transform existing institutions. Large-scale, system-wide changes open large windows, which allow radical change, while small-scale, issue-specific problems and changes create more limited opportunities for change. Secondly, whether an institutional change follows a window of opportunity depends on the actions and interests of state officials. Thirdly, state officials' ability to capitalize on a window of opportunity depends on their institutional position or capacity; the prevailing institutional arrangements create opportunities for, or place limits on, officials' ability to make change. Two case studies illustrate and probe the plausibility of the argument.
FINITE CONJUGACY IN ALGEBRAS AND ORDERS
Authors: Dokuchaev M. A. , Juriaans S. O. , Polcino Milies C. , Sobral Singer M. L.
Published: July 2002

Herstein showed that the conjugacy class of a non-central element in the multiplicative group of a division ring is infinite. We prove similar results for units in algebras and orders and give applications to group rings.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 16U60. Secondary 16H05; 16S34; 20F24; 20C05
Mapping quantitative trait loci for body weight on the X

chromosome in mice. II. Analysis of congenic backcrosses
Authors: RANCE KELLIE A. , HEATH SIMON C. , KEIGHTLEY PETER D.
Published: July 2002

In a QTL mapping study with an F2 population of mice,
we

have shown that one or more sex-linked factors account for a large part

of the divergence between mouse lines selected for high and

low body weight. Here, we describe a study undertaken to map the putative

X-linked quantitative

trait loci (QTLs) by backcrossing segments of chromosome from the high
line

onto an inbred line

derived from the low line, thereby removing possible contributions from

the autosomes and linked

segments of the X chromosome. Sublines containing a regional at the

proximal end of the X

chromosome were found to be associated with large differences in body

weight, and to account for

almost all the difference between the lines. A Markov chain Monte

Carlo based multipoint linkage

analysis incorporating the available marker and phenotypic information

from the backcross

pedigree was used to map the QTL to a region of about 6 cM. There was no

evidence for QTLs

elsewhere on the chromosome. The estimated QTL effect is approximately

20% of mean body weight in males and females at 10 weeks. From results
obtained from

this study and the

accompanying F2 analysis, we conclude the presence of a single

factor for body weight localizing

to about position (±SE) 26·4±1·2 cM on the

X chromosome, which increases body weight by

approximately 18% at 10 weeks. A strategy to positionally clone the QTL
is discussed.