bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ASYMMETRIC CLUSTERS IN EVEN Be ISOTOPES
Authors: ITO MAKOTO
Published: July 2010

The generalized two-center cluster model (GTCM), which can treat various single particle configurations in general two center systems, is applied to light neutron-rich systems, Be isotopes (α+α+ X N). We discuss the change of the neutrons' configuration around two α-cores as a variation of an excitation energy. We show that the asymmetric clusters, which correspond to the atomic or ionic configurations, appear in the unbound region above the α particle-decay threshold systematically.
MEASUREMENTS OF INTERACTION CROSS SECTIONS TOWARDS NEUTRON-RICH Ne ISOTOPES AT RIBF
Authors: TAKECHI M. , OHTSUBO T. , KUBOKI T. , FUKUDA M. , NISHIMURA D. , SUZUKI T. , YAMAGUCHI T. , OZAWA A. , MORIGUCHI T. , SUMIKAMA T. , GEISSEL H. , AOI N. , FUKUDA N. , HACHIUMA I. , INABE N. , ISHIBASHI Y. , ITOH Y. , KAMEDA D. , KUBO T. , KUSAKA K. , LANTZ M. , MIHARA M. , MIYASHITA Y. , MOMOTA S. , NAMIHIRA K. , OHISHI H. , OHKUMA Y. , OHNISHI T. , OHTAKE M. , OGAWA K. , SHIMBARA Y. , SUDA T. , SUZUKI S. , TAKEDA H. , TANAKA K. , WATANABE R. , WINKLER M. , YANAGISAWA Y. , YASUDA Y. , YOSHINAGA K. , YOSHIDA A. , YOSHIDA K.
Published: July 2010

Interaction cross sections (σI) for Ne isotopes from the stability line to the vicinity of neutron-drip line have been measured using the RIBF facility at RIKEN. Measurements have been performed for 20–32 Ne on C target at energies around 240 MeV/nucleon. A large enhancement of σI beyond the systematics of stable nuclei have been observed for neutron-rich Ne isotopes. The possible halo structures with lower orbital angular momentum for 29,31 Ne are discussed by the preliminary analysis.
DI-NEUTRON CORRELATION IN 6He THROUGH COULOMB BREAKUP REACTIONS
Authors: KIKUCHI YUMA , KATŌ KIYOSHI , MYO TAKAYUKI , TAKASHINA MASAAKI , IKEDA KIYOMI
Published: July 2010

We investigate the three-body Coulomb breakup of a two-neutron halo nucleus, 6 He . The three-body scattering states of 6 He are described by using the Complex-scaled solutions of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. We calculate the breakup cross section and the invariant mass spectra, and discuss the relations between the structures in these observables and the n-n and α-n correlations of 6 He .
CLUSTER-ORBITAL SHELL MODEL APPROACH FOR STUDY OF EXOTIC NUCLEI NEAR THE NEUTRON DRIP-LINE
Authors: MASUI HIROSHI , KATŌ KIYOSHI , IKEDA KIYOMI
Published: July 2010

We have developed an m -scheme cluster-orbital shell model approach to study neutron- and proton-rich nuclei toward the drip-lines. We discuss the property of the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes with analyzing the relation between the energy and r.m.s. radius.
TRIAXIAL SUPERDEFORMATION OF 40Ar
Authors: TANIGUCHI YASUTAKA
Published: July 2010

Superdeformed (SD) states in 40 Ar have been studied using the deformed-basis antisymmetrized molecular dynamics and the generator coordinate method (GCM). GCM basis wave functions were obtained by the energy variation with a constraint on the quadrupole deformation parameter β, while other quantities such as triaxiality γ were optimized by the energy variation. An SD band is obtained just above the ground state band. The SD band involves a Kπ = 2+ side band due to the triaxiality. The calculated quadrupole electric transition strengths of the SD band reproduce well the experimental values. Triaxiality is significantly important to understand low-lying states.
PAIRING CORRELATIONS AND EFFECTIVE MASSES IN NUCLEI WITH LARGE NEUTRON EXCESS
Authors: YAMAGAMI M. , SHIMIZU Y. R. , NAKATSUKASA T.
Published: July 2010

We propose a local energy density functional for global description of pairing correlations by focusing on the neutron excess dependence. We show the clear correlation between pairing gaps and effective mass parameters as a function of neutron excess. This effect can be taken into account to the density functional by the isovector density dependence in the particle-particle channel.
SEARCH FOR THE α CONDENSED STATE IN 16O
Authors: ITOH MASATOSHI , TAKAHASHI TOSHIYA , HAYAMIZU TOMOHIRO , OIKAWA AKIHITO , SAKEMI YASUHIRO , YOSHIDA HIDETOMO
Published: July 2010

In order to search for the α condensed state in 16 O , we have performed the decay particle measurement via the [Formula: see text] reaction. Although the decay branching ratio of the α + 12 C channel was predicted to be small, the branching ratio between the α + 12 C and [Formula: see text] channels was obtained to be 7:3 by using the result of a simple simulation.
THE EXL EXPERIMENT AT FAIR
Authors:   For the EXL collaboration,, RIGOLLET CATHERINE
Published: July 2010

The upcoming FAIR facility in Darmstadt, Germany, will produce intense high energy beams of exotic nuclei, which will be used to explore the properties of new regions of the chart of nuclides of key importance for both nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics. In the EXL project, heavy ion beams are first cooled in the New Experimental Storage Ring (NESR) and then used to induce reactions on windowless thin Hydrogen, Deuterium and Helium gas targets in the ring. High luminosities can be achieved because of the recirculation of the beam with a frequency of about 1 MHz. The EXL system will be ideal for high resolution reaction studies at low momentum transfer. The design of the detector system considered is universal in the sense that it should allow the use of a large variety of nuclear reactions, addressing numerous physics questions. The detector system provides the capability of fully exclusive kinematical measurements, with target recoil detectors, fast ejectile forward detectors and an in-ring heavy-ion spectrometer. The physics case and detector design considerations for EXL along with tests experiments performed at KVI and GSI, paving the way to the full EXL detection system, are presented in this contribution.
QUEST FOR MAGICITY IN EXOTIC NUCLEI
Authors: IWASAKI HIRONORI
Published: July 2010

Low-lying excitation properties of exotic nuclei in the vicinity of the canonical magic number 8 have been investigated through the level lifetime measurement on the neutron-rich isotope 13 B with N = 8 and the missing-mass spectroscopy on the proton unbound nucleus 12 O with Z = 8. The observed trends of the transition probabilities and level schemes have been discussed in comparison with the advanced shell model calculations, which points to the universality as well as the charge independence of the shell quenching phenomena far from stability.
NEUTRON DENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS IN SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC LEAD ISOTOPES
Authors: HADDAD S.
Published: July 2010

Based on a relativistic Thomas–Fermi model, it is shown that a two-parameter Fermi distribution can be used for describing the neutron density distribution in the 208 Pb nucleus.
GLOBAL LOW DIMENSIONAL SEISMIC CHAOS IN THE HELLENIC REGION
Authors: ILIOPOULOS A. C. , PAVLOS G. P.
Published: July 2010

In this study, we present results concerning seismogenesis in the Hellenic region (land and sea of Greece), applying nonlinear analysis to an earthquake time series. The model of the dripping faucet is used as a physical interpretation of the seismic process and the construction of inter-event seismic time series. Geometrical and dynamical characteristics estimated in the reconstructed state space support the low dimensional, chaotic character of the global seismic process in the Hellenic region. The method of stochastic surrogate data was employed to the exclusion of "pseudo chaos" caused by the nonlinear distortion of a purely stochastic process. These results are in agreement with general theoretical models concerning distributed driven threshold dynamics applied to the case of seismic processes. Moreover, the observed global character of low dimensionality and chaoticity over such a complex system of faults supports the hypothesis that seismogenesis is characterized by spatiotemporal intermittent chaos throughout the Hellenic region.
DESIGN OF THRESHOLD CONTROLLER BASED CHAOTIC CIRCUITS
Authors: RAJA MOHAMED I. , MURALI K. , SINHA SUDESHNA , LINDBERG ERIK
Published: July 2010

We propose a very simple implementation of a second-order nonautonomous chaotic oscillator, using a threshold controller as the only source of nonlinearity. We demonstrate the efficacy and simplicity of our design through numerical and experimental results. Further, we show that this approach of using a threshold controller as a nonlinear element, can be extended to obtain autonomous and multiscroll chaotic attractor circuits as well.
MULTISCROLL CHAOTIC ATTRACTORS FROM A MODIFIED COLPITTS OSCILLATOR MODEL
Authors: BAO BOCHENG , ZHOU GUOHUA , XU JIANPING , LIU ZHONG
Published: July 2010

A simple approach for generating (2N + 1)-scroll chaotic attractor from a modified Colpitts oscillator model is proposed in this paper. The key strategy is to increase the number of index-2 equilibrium points by introducing a triangle function to directly replace the nonlinearity term of Colpitts oscillator model. The dynamical characteristics of the new multiscroll chaotic system are studied comprehensively. A circuit realization structure is introduced and the experimental results demonstrate that (2N + 1)-scroll chaotic attractors can be obtained in practical circuit.
CONCEPT OF TRIANGULAR SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP AND B-TREE FOR PARTIALLY OCCLUDED OBJECT RECOGNITION: AN EFFICIENT AND ROBUST APPROACH
Authors: DINESH R. , GURU D. S.
Published: July 2010

In this paper we propose a novel method for recognizing partially occluded objects. The proposed method uses corner points and their spatial relationships perceived through the application of Triangular Spatial Relationship (TSR)1 by considering three successive corner points at a time. The perceived TSR among corner points are used to create a model object data base using B-tree, an efficient multilevel indexing structure. Since the TSR is preserved by the use of quadruples and B-tree does not support multidimensional data (4-dimensional in our case), a distinct and unique key is computed for each distinct quadruple and then the computed keys are stored in B-tree as representatives of the corresponding quadruples. Each key value stored in B-tree is then attached with a list of objects, which have the corresponding quadruple as one of their associated quadruples. During matching, B-tree is accessed through in search of each key of the scene image to retrieve the list of objects associated with that key. The matched sequence is preserved in a two-dimensional matrix called status matrix. The object for which there is a longest substring of key match in the status matrix is declared to be the identified object. Experiments conducted on different sets of objects revealed the superiority of the proposed method over others and also its consistency with human perception.
A DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS (DEA) EVALUATION METHOD BASED ON SAMPLE DECISION MAKING UNITS
Authors: WEI QUANLING , YAN HONG
Published: July 2010

Most of evaluation methods on large number of candidates are based a single criterion. To bring the multiple attribute evaluation method Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) into evaluating large number of elements, it needs to set up the performance standards and an evaluation procedure by the DEA model. In this paper, we first determine a set of "standard" candidates, called in decision making units (DMUs) in the DEA terminology. This standard set is called "training set". We then establish the evaluation procedure based on this "training set" for measuring a large number of DMUs. We first investigate the efficiency evaluation of a new DMU along with the original definition based on the sum formed production possibility set which is formed by the n DMUs in the training set and the new DMU. We then identify the intersection form of the production possibility set formed only by the n DMUs from the training set. And show that the new DMU evaluation is simply to check if the DMU satisfies a set of linear inequalities. The intersection formed production possibility set formed by the n DMUs from the training set is fixed for evaluating any new DMU. Therefore, it provides an efficient and effective method for dealing with a large amount of data. The method can be regarded as a complementary approach for data mining.
A Review on the Fascinating World of Insect Resources: Reason for Thoughts
Authors: Lokeshwari R. K. , Shantibala T.
Published: July 2010

Insect resources are vast and diverse due to their enormous diversity. The exploitation and utilization of insect resources is broadly classified into four different categories. The first category is the insects of industrial resources. This level includes the utilization of silk worm, honeybee, lac insect, dye insect, and aesthetic insect. The second category is the utilization of insects for edible and therapeutic purposes. Insects are high in protein and many are rich sources of vitamins and minerals. The third category is the use of insects in forensic investigation. By analyzing the stages of succession of insects at first, rough estimation of the postmortem intervals can be done. The fourth category is the insects of ecological importance. Many insect species act as potential predators and parasites of destructive pests of insect order Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Orthoptera. Insects are also used as bioindicator to assess the cumulative effects of environmental stressors such as pollutants. Despites these fascinating benefits, insect resources are often neglected in India due to lack of proper documentation, less expertise, and advance enterprises in these fields. Hence, the paper reviews the different fascinating facets of insect resources in order to explore and utilize it in a sustainable way with reference to Indian region.
Factors to Improve the Management of Hepatitis C in Drug Users: An Observational Study in an Addiction Centre
Authors: Moussalli Joseph , Delaquaize Helene , Boubilley Dominique , Lhomme Jean Pierre , Merleau Ponty Jules , Sabot David , Kerever Anne , Valleur Marc , Poynard Thierry
Published: July 2010

Barriers to management of HCV in injection drug users are related to patients, health providers, and facilities. In a primary care drug user's addiction centre we studied access to HCV standard of care before and after using an onsite total care concept provided by a multidisciplinary team and noninvasive liver fibrosis evaluation. A total of 586 patients were seen between 2002 and 2004. The majority, 417 patients, were HCV positive and of these patients 337 were tested positive for HCV RNA. In 2002, patients were sent to the hospital. with the Starting of 2003, patients were offered standard of care HCV management in the center by a team of general practitioners, a consultant hepatologist, psychiatrists, nurses, and a health counsellor. Liver fibrosis was assessed by a non invasive method. In 2002, 6 patients had liver fibrosis assessment at hospital facilities, 4 patients were assessed with liver biopsy and 2 patients with Fibrotest-Actitest. 2 patients were treated for HCV at hospital. In 2003 and 2004, 224 patients were assessed with Fibrotest-Actitest on site. Of these, 85 were treated for HCV. SVR was achieved in 43%. We conclude that the combination of an onsite multidisciplinary team with the use of a noninvasive assessment method led to improved management of HCV infection in drug users' primary care facility.
A Rare Association of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia with Lower Esophageal Atresia and Perforation
Authors: Are Narendra Kumar , Nagarjuna K. , Kannaiyan Lavanya
Published: July 2010

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is known to be associated with esophageal atresia, which is a rare association. We report a rare occurrence of congenital diaphragmatic hernia and lower esophageal atresia.
Effect of Abiotic Stresses on the Nondestructive Estimation of Rice Leaf Nitrogen Concentration
Authors: Haefele Stephan M. , Siopongco Joel D. L. C. , Amarante Serafin T. , Tuong To Phuc
Published: July 2010

Decision support tools for non-destructive estimation of rice crop nitrogen (N) status (e.g., chlorophyll meter [SPAD] or leaf color chart [LCC]) are an established technology for improved N management in irrigated systems, but their value in rainfed environments with frequent abiotic stresses remains untested. Therefore, we studied the effect of drought, salinity, phosphorus (P) deficiency, and sulfur (S) deficiency on leaf N estimates derived from SPAD and LCC measurements in a greenhouse experiment. Linear relations between chlorophyll concentration and leaf N concentration based on dry weight (Ndw) between SPAD values adjusted for leaf thickness andNdwand between LCC scores adjusted for leaf thickness andNdwcould be confirmed for all treatments and varieties used. Leaf spectral reflectance measurements did not show a stress-dependent change in the reflectance pattern, indicating that no specific element of the photosynthetic complex was affected by the stresses and at the stress level applied. We concluded that SPAD and LCC are potentially useful tools for improved N management in moderately unfavorable rice environments. However, calibration for the most common rice varieties in the target region is recommended to increase the precision of the leaf N estimates.
Effect of Stimulation Rate on Cochlear Implant Users’ Phoneme, Word and Sentence Recognition in Quiet and in Noise
Authors: Shannon Robert V. , Cruz Rachel J. , Galvin John J.
Published: July 2010

High stimulation rates in cochlear implants (CI) offer better temporal sampling, can induce stochastic-like firing of auditory neurons and can increase the electric dynamic range, all of which could improve CI speech performance. While commercial CI have employed increasingly high stimulation rates, no clear or consistent advantage has been shown for high rates. In this study, speech recognition was acutely measured with experimental processors in 7 CI subjects (Clarion CII users). The stimulation rate varied between (approx.) 600 and 4800 pulses per second per electrode (ppse) and the number of active electrodes varied between 4 and 16. Vowel, consonant, consonant-nucleus-consonant word and IEEE sentence recognition was acutely measured in quiet and in steady noise (+10 dB signal-to-noise ratio). Subjective quality ratings were obtained for each of the experimental processors in quiet and in noise. Except for a small difference for vowel recognition in quiet, there were no significant differences in performance among the experimental stimulation rates for any of the speech measures. There was also a small but significant increase in subjective quality rating as stimulation rates increased from 1200 to 2400 ppse in noise. Consistent with previous studies, performance significantly improved as the number of electrodes was increased from 4 to 8, but no significant difference showed between 8, 12 and 16 electrodes. Altogether, there was little-to-no advantage of high stimulation rates in quiet or in noise, at least for the present speech tests and conditions.
Prior Treatment (Priming) with Caffeine Sensitizes D2-Dopamine-Mediated Contralateral Rotational Behavior in 6-Hydroxydopamine-Lesioned Rats
Authors: Pollack Alexia E. , Dimitrov Kroum D. , Drake Jonathan D.
Published: July 2010

Background/Aims: In unilaterally dopamine-depleted rats, repeated treatment with dopamine agonists sensitizes contralateral rotational behavior. Since A2a adenosine receptors are co-localized with D2 dopamine receptors in the brain, it was hypothesized that repeated treatment with the adenosine antagonist caffeine could sensitize D2 dopamine-mediated rotational behavior. Methods: Rats were unilaterally lesioned with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), and pretreated (primed) with 3 injections of caffeine or water. One week later, rats were challenged with the D2 agonist quinpirole (0.25 mg/kg). Results: 6-OHDA rats primed with caffeine (50 mg/kg) displayed contralateral rotational behavior following challenge with quinpirole – an effect not observed with caffeine (10 or 75 mg/kg) or water. Conclusions: These results suggest that prior administration of caffeine can sensitize D2 dopamine-mediated rotational behavior in dopamine-depleted rats.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Refractory Epilepsy: Effects on Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in Peripheral Blood
Authors: Majoie H.J.M. , Rijkers K. , Berfelo M.W. , Hulsman J.A.R.J. , Myint A. , Schwarz M. , Vles J.S.H.
Published: July 2010

Objective: The vagus nerve has important immunological functions that may be relevant for its anticonvulsive action. We postulate that this anticonvulsive action is activated by a shift in the immune system resulting in a reduction of neurotoxic and an increase of neuroprotective tryptophan metabolites. Methods: Eleven patients with refractory epilepsy and 11 controls matched for age and gender were included in this study. The primary outcome measure was a 50% seizure reduction. Other variables were pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, cortisol, and the tryptophan metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OH-KYN), kynurenic acid (KYNA), kynurenine, serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindol acetic acid (5-HIAA). Blood samples were scheduled during baseline, and in week 28 of add-on treatment. Results: IL-6 levels were higher in the responders than in the control group, and decreased after vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), whereas IL-10 was low and increased after VNS. In nonresponders, VNS resulted in an increase of IL-6 plasma levels and in a decrease of IL-10. Cortisol concentrations are higher in the epilepsy group than in the control group. After VNS, these concentrations decreased. The concentrations of the tryptophan metabolites were lower in the epilepsy group than in the control group. The KYNA ratios are defined as the ratio of neuroprotective KYNA versus neurotoxic 3-OH-KYN and KYNA versus neurotoxic kynurenine: these ratios were lower in epilepsy patients than in controls, and they both moderately increased after VNS. Conclusion: The outcome of this preliminary study indicates that VNS causes a rebalancing of the immune system. This results in: (1) a reduction of neurotoxic and an increase of neuroprotective kynurenine metabolites and (2) in the normalization of cortisol levels.
Beyond Civil—Military Relations: Reflections on Civilian Control of a Private, Multinational Workforce
Authors: McCoy Katherine E.
Published: July 2010

This article applies the problem of civilian control over the military to the realm of private military contractors. The author argues that military outsourcing strips the principal —agent relationship of many of the structures and dynamics that states have traditionally used to control militaries. Many of the same qualities that make private military corporations successful as both economic actors and political surrogates also lead to reductions in the possibility for effective civilian control. The author supports these claims through an examination of the multilevel, fragmented, and global nature of the private military corporation market, with particular attention to divisions within the labor force. The implications of this analysis are that using private military corporations raises persistent challenges and tensions for effective state control that cannot be easily regulated away.
A Forum on Privatization With Comments on the Relevant Literature Found in Armed Forces & Society
Authors: Camacho Paul
Published: July 2010

These comments introduce a partial literature review of privatization as has appeared in our journal as well as four articles that represent some of the work of social scientists, military and agency personnel, private contractors, and others who participated in a forum on privatization held at St. Mary’s College in Maryland in 2008. The forum is a program of their Center for the Study of Democracy and The Patuxent Partnership. The 2008 conference was entitled ‘‘The Privatization of National Defense.’’
Expressing the Self in Bengali Women’s Autobiographies in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Ghosh Sutanuka
Published: July 2010

This article discusses evidence from the autobiographical writings of three Bengali women to explore expressions of the self in such literature. Sarala Devi Chaudhurani, Santisudha Ghosh and Manikuntala Sen were contemporaries, all three active in different capacities in the various political formations that shaped the outcome of the struggle against colonial occupation. Their autobiographies lay bare the prescriptions they encountered as daughters and women and the choices they made, all the time straddling multiple worlds, occupying multiple subject positions.

The article contends that these autobiographies, along with other personal and public documents, reflect the construction of tortured, fractured female subjectivities that must continually negotiate with ‘modernity’ in early twentieth century Bengal. Consequently, the ‘female self’ in these autobiographies is not a securely rooted and stable entity but is constantly ‘becoming’, as the various fragments try to cohere around an elusive centre, ‘modernity’, which is itself a nebulous, unstable product of multiple discourses.
Reviving the Momentum in US Engagement with India
Authors: Andersen Walter K.
Published: July 2010

Indo-US relations have undergone a dramatic transformation over the past decade, and the positive change is likely to be long-lasting. The Obama administration benefits from the strong underlying momentum behind recently improved bilateral relations. While important long-standing differences exist, such as Iran, Pakistan, and nuclear proliferation, these factors are unlikely to destabilize the relationship seriously, as there are important strategic interests that sustain it, as well as strong incentives on both sides to advance the well being of the global commons in space, the oceans, and technology. The Obama administration, however, has not yet been able to sustain the relationship with India at the level achieved under the previous Bush administration. So far, it has yet to come up with a positive emblematic centrepiece comparable to the civil nuclear deal pushed by the Bush administration. In large part, this is due to the greater focus now on terrorism rooted in Afghanistan and Pakistan, where India plays a relatively minor role whereas the Bush administration’s concentrated on India’s role as a balancing power in Asia. The challenge of the Obama and Manmohan Singh administrations is to come up with a big idea that prompts both sides to invest the political capital to reset the relationship.
Religious favoritism in Europe: A political competition model
Authors: Brañas-Garza Pablo , Solano Angel
Published: July 2010

This paper explores a highly controversial issue: while most European countries are secular, the governments of these countries widely support religious institutions. The arguments put forward by the median voter seem insufficient to explain the data. We show that if political parties are allowed to take an ideological position with respect to religion, the observed deviations from the most preferred policy by the median voter could be explained.
Political Discussion, Views of Political Expertise and Women’s Representation in Italy
Authors: Campus Donatella
Published: July 2010

Italy is one of the advanced industrial democracies with the smallest number of women elected to public office. Current literature has focused on several structural, institutional and cultural factors to explain such a gender gap in political participation and representation. However, one of the most basic forms of political participation, political discussion, has not received a thorough investigation. This article analyses gender differences in the attitudes and the habits of talking about politics with relatives, friends and social acquaintances during the Italian 2006 electoral campaign. The main argument is that the analysis of political discussion may shed new light on how Italian women approach politics and help explain their reluctance to be involved in political activities in terms of elected office and party membership.
The Accentuation Bias
Authors: Dubois David , Rucker Derek D. , Galinsky Adam D.
Published: July 2010

The present research explores how people’s place in a power hierarchy alters their representations of valued objects. The authors hypothesized that powerlessness produces an accentuation bias by altering the physical representation of monetary objects in a manner consistent with the size-to-value relationship. In the first three experiments, powerless participants, induced through episodic priming or role manipulations, systematically overestimated the size of objects associated with monetary value (i.e., quarters, poker chips) compared to powerful and baseline participants. However, when value was inversely associated with size (i.e., smaller objects were more valuable), the powerless drew these valued objects smaller, not larger. In addition, the accentuation bias by the powerless was more pronounced when the monetary value associated with the object was greater, increased when the object was physically present, and was mediated by differences in subjective value. These findings suggest that powerlessness fosters compensatory processes that guide representations of valued objects.
Synthesis of Dichlorobis(1,4-dimesityl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene)palladium [PdCl2(TMes)2] and Its Application to Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reaction
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuhito , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin-ichi
Published: July 2010

The palladium complex bearing a novel NHC-ligand derived from 1,4-dimesityl-1,2,3-tirazole was prepared. The complex catalyzed the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction with aryl chloride successfully to give biaryls in excellent yields, particularly very effective for the sterically hindered reaction between o-substituted arylchlorides and o-substituted phenylboronic acids.
Dysmenorrhoea
Authors: Wallace Suzanne , Keightley Amy , Gie Clive
Published: July 2010

Key content

Dysmenorrhoea is a common condition of women in their reproductive years.

Local factors and the centralised response to pain are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology.

The majority of women will respond to medical treatments.

The role of surgical treatments is small.

More evidence is now available on the use of complementary therapies to treat dysmenorrhoea.

Learning objectives

To understand the theories regarding the aetiology of dysmenorrhoea.

To update knowledge of evidenced‐based treatments for dysmenorrhoea.

Ethical issues

Is there a role for surgical treatments to interrupt nerve pathways in the treatment of dysmenorrhoea?

Would women who fail to respond to medical treatments for dysmenorrhoea be best treated by chronic pain teams?

Please cite this article as: Wallace S, Keightley A, Gie C. Dysmenorrhoea. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:149–154.
Twin pregnancy: controversies in management
Authors: Devaseelan Priscilla , Ong Stephen
Published: July 2010

Key content

The management of twin pregnancy poses many difficult and controversial issues; questions about management remain unanswered.

With the rising incidence of multiple pregnancies due to greater maternal age and advances in assisted conception, the obstetrician is increasingly faced with these issues.

This article looks at the controversies and available evidence concerning management and delivery of twin pregnancy.

Learning objectives

To understand the issues surrounding screening for aneuploidy in twins and the role of invasive testing.

To understand the complex issues involved in the management of single twin demise, twins discordant for fetal anomaly and twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome.

To be aware of the evidence available regarding the timing and mode of delivery of twins.

Ethical issues

An obligatory single embryo transfer policy in assisted reproduction may be an option for women at high risk of twins, but will this be in conflict with client interests and wishes?

Complex ethical issues surround multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective feticide among twins discordant for fetal anomaly; these are matters for continuing debate.

Please cite this article as: Devaseelan P, Ong S. Twin pregnancy: controversies in management. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 2010;12:179–185.
@ TOG
Authors: O'Reilly Barry
Published: July 2010

The future of the website reviews section has been the focus for discussion recently by the Editorial Board. It has been decided that in future the journal will include websites relevant to articles within that particular issue.

In this issue of TOG we have an excellent review on twin controversies and so it seems timely to look at websites that we, as clinicians, can use as a learning tool and, more importantly, as a resource for our patients.

Most of our members are aware of the pioneering work of Drs Reginald and Catherine Hamlin, who set up the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital in 1974. We have included the website for the Hamlin Fistula® Relief and Aid Fund, which has recently been relaunched and, therefore, included in this issue.
Padrão de integração de pAN7-1 em mutantes de Magnaporthe grisea com patogenicidade alterada em arroz
Authors: Marchi Carlos Eduardo , Brommonschenkel Sérgio Hermínio , Queiroz Marisa Vieira de , Borges Mírian de Freitas , Mizubuti Eduardo Seiti G.
Published: July 2010

Ensaios foram conduzidos para verificar a presença, o número de cópias e de sítios de integração de pAN7-1 no genoma de mutantes de M. grisea I-22 com patogenicidade alterada em arroz. Foram analisados T41, T93, T251 (gerados por mutagênese REMI) e T108 (oriundo de mutagênese convencional), os quais exibiram diferentes fenótipos mutantes. O DNA total desses mutantes foi submetido à reação em cadeia de polimerase (PCR) e às análises de hibridização com o vetor (Southern blot). A presença de pAN7-1 no genoma de todos os mutantes foi confirmada por PCR. Segundo as análises de Southern blot, T41 exibiu duas integrações do vetor, ambas na forma de cópia única. No genoma de T93 também foram detectados dois sítios de inserção de pAN7-1, um dos quais envolvendo múltiplas cópias do vetor. Os resultados indicaram a presença de apenas uma cópia do vetor em um único sítio nos genomas de T108 e T251. O padrão de integração em T251 foi o único a sugerir a ocorrência de evento REMI. As diferenças quanto ao tamanho dos fragmentos com homologia a pAN7-1 refletiram a possível aleatoriedade dos eventos de integração no genoma de M. grisea. Os resultados evidenciaram o potencial de REMI para a mutagênese insercional de M. grisea, quando conduzida com pAN7-1 e HindIII
Indicadores de segurança do paciente para hospitais de pacientes agudos: revisão sistemática
Authors: Gouvêa Carla Simone Duarte de , Travassos Claudia
Published: July 2010

Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática para identificar as estratégias utilizadas no desenvolvimento de indicadores de segurança do paciente para hospitais de pacientes agudos. As fontes de dados utilizadas foram: MEDLINE, EMBASE, sítios na Internet e referências bibliográficas dos documentos selecionados. Foram incluídos 14 projetos de desenvolvimento de indicadores. O uso de diversos termos relacionados à qualidade e segurança do paciente foi observado com definições variadas. A revisão da literatura e a participação de especialistas e outras representações caracterizaram os projetos. Dos 285 indicadores identificados, 125 foram classificados em mais de uma dimensão da qualidade. A combinação mais freqüente foi segurança e efetividade. Identificou-se um número maior de indicadores sobre medicamentos, e a maioria representa informações de resultado. Observou-se a importância de considerar no desenvolvimento dos indicadores variações culturais, da prática clínica, a disponibilidade dos sistemas de informação e a capacidade de hospitais para implementar sistemas de monitoramento efetivos.
Fatores preditores do alcance das metas de um programa de intervenção em nipo-brasileiros
Authors: Camargo Marilia Alessi Guena de , Franco Laércio Joel , Gimeno Suely Godoy Agostinho , Ferreira Sandra Roberta Gouvea , Sartorelli Daniela Saes
Published: July 2010

Identificar fatores da linha de base preditores do alcance das metas do programa de intervenção no estilo de vida após 12 meses em população de nipo-brasileiros, empregando-se modelos de regressão logística ajustados. Em 2005, 321 participantes eram portadores de excesso de peso e houve maior chance [OR (IC95%)] de alcance da meta de perda de peso após 12 meses entre mulheres [2,45 (1,33; 4,13)], indivíduos de maior idade [1,03 (1,00; 1,06)] e menor chance entre portadores de morbidades no início do estudo [0,33 (0,14; 0,77)]. Dos 261 indivíduos sedentários, o alcance da meta de atividades físicas foi inversamente relacionado ao exercício de atividades profissionais [0,40 (0,17; 0,95)]. Não se verificou fatores da linha de base associados ao alcance das metas do consumo de legumes, verduras e frutas e gorduras saturadas da dieta após 12 meses. Indivíduos de maior idade, mulheres, não portadores de morbidades e sem exercício de atividades profissionais na linha de base apresentaram maior chance de alcance das metas após 12 meses de intervenção no estilo de vida.
Análise das equipes de referência em saúde mental: uma perspectiva de gestão da clínica
Authors: Miranda Lilian , Onocko-Campos Rosana T.
Published: July 2010

Esse trabalho utilizou uma metodologia qualitativa, avaliativa e participante, baseada na Hermenêutica Gadameriana e no paradigma construtivista. O objetivo foi analisar o arranjo denominado "equipes de referência", em relação ao tratamento de pacientes psicóticos, no contexto dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). A coleta de dados foi feita em dois ciclos de 18 grupos focais, compostos por profissionais, usuários e familiares de usuários de seis CAPSIII, por oito entrevistas em profundidade, desenvolvidas com usuários desses serviços, e por duas oficinas de construção de um guia para avaliação das práticas dos CAPS. Foram indicadas as funções do arranjo, destacando que as equipes de referência se constituem como instâncias de gestão da clínica, propiciando o acompanhamento no campo das necessidades singulares do paciente, através do trabalho interdisciplinar. Para isso, devem sustentar um posicionamento ético baseado no respeito à alteridade e na construção do caso clínico.
Memória e ritmos temporais: o pluralismo coerente da duração no interior das dinâmicas da cultura urbano-contemporânea
Authors: Rocha Ana Luiza Carvalho da , Eckert Cornelia
Published: July 2010

Nosso objetivo neste artigo é investir no estudo da memória coletiva no mundo urbano como resultado da ação recíproca de indivíduos e de grupos. Destacamos a importância das formas específicas dos arranjos da vida social segundo a complexidade e dinâmica da vida moderna de seus habitantes. Propomos uma etnografia da duração, para tratar do tempo e da memória no âmbito do campo antropológico. Trata-se de aprofundar a compreensão do processo de territorialização/desterritorialização de identidades sociais no mundo contemporâneo. Sugere-se a noção de ritmo como démarche para o conhecimento do movimento da descontinuidade/continuidade como sistema de valores acionados por tais grupos e de suas formas de sociabilidade no contexto citadino.
O Sphan e a cultura museológica no Brasil
Authors: Julião Letícia
Published: July 2010

Os estudos sobre o processo de institucionalização de uma política preservacionista no Brasil têm privilegiado a análise do discurso sobre o patrimônio, formulado no âmbito do Sphan ou o exame das medidas de proteção do acervo arquitetônico, cerne da ação governamental. Poucos mencionam as iniciativas no campo dos museus, sendo este o objetivo principal do artigo, que discute a proposta de criação de museus regionais, tendo como recorte o estado de Minas Gerais, nos anos 1950.
Origens do Brasil meridional: dimensões da imigração polonesa no Paraná, 1871-1914
Authors: Oliveira Márcio de
Published: July 2010

O artigo discute as origens do "Brasil meridional" a partir do caso da imigração polonesa para o estado do Paraná (Brasil), ocorrida entre 1870 e 1920. Inicialmente, apresenta-se uma discussão sobre modelos explicativos das causas da imigração para o Brasil. Em seguida é apresentada, em linhas gerais, a história da imigração polonesa. Neste histórico, é trabalhado o contexto sociopolítico nas regiões de que partiram os imigrantes, o impacto das políticas federais e estaduais sobre a imigração e a função que os imigrantes deveriam desempenhar no desenvolvimento do estado do Paraná. Após 1890, analisa-se ainda a forma como os emigrantes foram descritos nos territórios poloneses ocupados e o papel que foram chamados a desempenhar no processo de reconquista da independência da Polônia. Uma breve discussão sobre a distância que separa o imigrante do emigrante no interior da história social brasileira fecha este trabalho.
O Brasil e a ideia de "América Latina" em perspectiva histórica
Authors: Bethell Leslie
Published: July 2010

Este ensaio sobre a história das ideias e a história das relações internacionais examina as origens do conceito de "América Latina" e discute o fato de que nem os intelectuais hispano-americanos e brasileiros, nem os governos hispano-americanos e brasileiros consideravam o Brasil parte da "América Latina" - expressão que se referia somente à América Espanhola - pelo menos até a segunda metade do século XX, quando os Estados Unidos e o resto do mundo exterior começaram a pensar o Brasil como parte integrante de uma região chamada "Latin America". Mesmo agora, os governos brasileiros e os intelectuais brasileiros, exceto talvez da esquerda, continuam sem convicção profunda de que o Brasil é parte da América Latina.
Relações Brasil-Argentina: a cooperação cultural como instrumento de integração regional
Authors: Santos Raquel Paz dos
Published: July 2010

Este estudo desenvolve uma nova perspectiva das relações Brasil-Argentina a partir da análise de sua dimensão cultural entre os anos 1930-1954. Trata-se de mostrar como uma aproximação entre esses dois países foi incentivada através de projetos de cooperação intelectual, científica e artística, com o objetivo de desfazer imagens negativas e criar um sentimento de fraternidade entre brasileiros e argentinos. Com base na ideia de que uma maior cooperação contribuiria para o fortalecimento da região, e com o objetivo de alcançar uma futura integração econômica, essa prática também foi estimulada entre os demais países da América do Sul.
Características neuromotoras e biopsicossocias de lactentes com histórico de risco biológico
Authors: Ribeiro Joyce , Beltrame Thais Silva
Published: July 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Os avanços tecnológicos têm permitido maior sobrevivência de recém-nascidos de risco. No entanto, os fatores de risco biológico aos quais essas crianças foram expostas fazem com que tenham maior chance de apresentar atrasos no desenvolvimento. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo objetivou avaliar as características neuromotoras e biopsicossociais de lactentes com histórico de risco biológico. METODOLOGIA: A amostra foi constituída de 25 lactentes com idade desde o nascimento a dois meses de vida, com registro de nascimento na cidade de Fraiburgo, SC. Os fatores de risco biológicos presentes foram: prematuridade, baixo peso, incompatibilidade sanguínea, necessidade de reanimação, intubação, permanência em O2, hipertensão pulmonar leve, icterícia, desconforto respiratório, infecção neonatal, anemia neonatal, tabagismo materno, trauma durante o parto, cardiopatia e má-formação de traqueia. Foram utilizados os seguintes instrumentos: cartão de saúde da criança, formulário biopsicossocial e Neonatal Behavioral Assesment Scale. RESULTADOS: Foi possível constatar, em relação às condições biopsicossociais, prevalência de mães casadas, primigestas, com ensino superior completo, exercendo atividade extra-lar e com idade média de 28 anos na ocasião do parto. Verificou-se casos de exposição do feto ao tabagismo materno, mães acometidas por anemia, hipertensão e hipotensão durante o período gestacional. Em relação ao desenvolvimento neuromotor, os lactentes apresentaram desempenho esperado para crianças de risco em relação à habituação, regulação e reflexos. Em relação à socialização, organização e sistema autônomo, constatou-se desempenho inferior ao de demais crianças de risco. CONCLUSÃO: Os achados deste estudo demonstram que crianças com histórico de risco biológico podem apresentar comprometimento em relação a aspectos do desenvolvimento neuromotor.
Effectiveness of the hydrotherapy in children with chronic encephalopathy no progressive of the childhood: a systematic review
Authors: Jacques Karoline de Carvalho , Drumond Nayana Rocha , Andrade Silmara Aparecida Figueiredo , Chaves Júnior Israel Penaforte , Toffol Walesca Carla de
Published: July 2010

INTRODUCTION: Now Cerebral Palsy is considered like Chronic Encephalopathy no Progressive of the Childhood and defined as any disorder characterized by alteration in the structure and function of the body, activity and participation due to a lesion no progressive of the brain in development. Several techniques physiotherapy exist for individuals rehabilitation with that pathology, however, no technique stands out as more effective in the literature. The use of the approach hydrotherapy becomes viable in several aspects structural, functional and social in the rehabilitation process. OBJETIVE: It is done necessary to evaluate, through the selection and discerning analysis of article, the evidences of the effectiveness of the hydrotherapy in children and/or adolescents with Chronic Encephalopathy no Progressive of the childhood with inferior age to 17 years. METHODS: Research was accomplished at the Virtual Library in Health in the bases of bibliographical data of LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO, Cochrane Library and search active in national and international newspapers. RESULTS: The databases located only two article of systematic review on the approached theme. Through these, it was possible to locate for search activates six scientific articles. These were analyzed in agreement with the inclusion criteria, and finally, only three articles composed the study, where the same ones were appraised as for the methodological quality. No article of the type randomized controlled trial was found, just an quasy- randomized one. CONCLUSION: It had limited evidence of the effects hydrotherapy in that population. Like this being, future studies of the type randomized controlled trial are made necessary for the clinical conduct and for scientific community.
Aquisição do sentar independente na Síndrome de Down utilizando o balanço
Authors: Godzicki Bárbara , Silva Patrícia Andrade da , Blume Luziane Bombazar
Published: July 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Crianças com Síndrome de Down adquirem o sentar independente por volta dos 10 meses de idade, seguindo uma curva de desenvolvimento motor própria para essa síndrome. OBJETIVO: Esta pesquisa objetiva avaliar a eficácia do tratamento por meio do balanço para a aquisição do sentar independente em crianças com Síndrome de Down, sem o uso de quaisquer técnicas de fisioterapia convencional. METODOLOGIA: O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo estudo de caso, realizado no Núcleo de Assistência Integral ao Paciente Especial (NAIPE) de Joinville, SC. Os atendimentos foram individualizados, com duração de 30 minutos, nos quais a criança permanecia sentada num balanço composto por plataforma revestida com Etil vinil acetato (EVA®) colorido e texturizado, realizando-se deslocamentos lineares no sentido ântero-posterior. A amostra do estudo foi composta por três crianças com Síndrome de Down, com idade entre 6 e 7 meses, do sexo feminino, sem controle de tronco para a sedestação sem apoio. RESULTADOS: A média de sessões foi 15 (± 2). CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que, quando estimuladas precocemente por meio do balanço, essas crianças adquiriram o sentar antes do tempo descrito pela literatura.