bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Political Oversight and Intervention in the Policy for the Allocation of the Special Autonomy Fund for Aceh
Authors: Hidayat Fauzan
Published: November 2022

Problems in planning readiness that have not been optimally arranged in the Master Plan for Utilization of Special Autonomy Fund (DOKA) 2008—2027 are the cause of the difficulty in carrying out an effective supervisory function. In addition, at the level of DOKA allocation at the Provincial to Regency/City levels, it is still full of intervention and domination by ex-members of Free Aceh Movement (GAM), both in the executive and legislative. These two problems are the main factors that hinder the achievement of the goal of the DOKA for the welfare of the Acehnese people. By using a qualitative descriptive research method, this paper aims to unravel the root cause of the DOKA allocation problem that has an impact on the problem of poverty in Aceh. The results of this study conclude that there are two factors that cause problems in the allocation of DOKA, namely supervision and political intervention. The control factor that is not optimal is caused by planning that has not been arranged in detail in the DOKA Master Plan. Meanwhile, the political intervention factor arises from the dominance of ex members of GAM in every DOKA budget planning.
The Problem of Alleviating the Poor in the Special Autonomy Governance of Aceh Province
Authors: Pribadi Muhammad Akbar , Regif Surya Yudha
Published: November 2022

The issuance of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of the Special Region of Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh are the efforts of the central government to improve the welfare of the people in Aceh Province. During the 20 years of the special autonomy, it has not played a significant role in alleviating the people’s poverty in Aceh. The dynamics of local politics, culture, and history, as well as the lack of organizational and managerial capacity at the sub-national and national levels, are suspected as the culprits of the failure of decentralization. The research objective is built on a perspective that refers to three specific aspects, namely the Governance Dynamics Perspective, the Governance Strategy Perspective, and the Governance Capacity Perspective, to analyze the governance of special autonomy in Aceh Province in alleviating the Poor. Through the literature study method, we will dig up a lot of accurate information and data related to the Alleviation of the Poor in the Special Autonomy Governance of Aceh Province. The research results found that the special autonomy going on so far was the designation of political agreements aimed at regional elites, not the general public. Local government administration's ineffective control is also influenced by the exogenous relationship between governance and regional development in alleviating poverty. In summary, the regional government of Aceh Province does not yet understand: (1) the need for supervision involving the community, (2) the absence of a monitoring mechanism so that the community is not affected, (3) local government effectiveness, (4) lack of information facilities, (5) coordination of public apparatus, (6) inefficient and ineffective service delivery, (7) lack of institutional capacity, (8) human resources, (9) the complexity of the central-regional relationship, (10) local elite power struggle, (11) in the Aceh Special Autonomy Law, regional leaders and local political parties have no responsibility or role in improving welfare. This causes (1) the imbalance between the income of the poor and the expenditure on primary and secondary needs, (2) the poor in Aceh cannot meet a decent standard of living due to low skills based on the size of the poverty line, (3) the quality and competence of human resources due to education cause low public participation in public policies, (4) high transaction costs due to limited access, low connectivity between regions, and limited supply of goods, production facilities, and infrastructure, (5) strategically fluctuating basic commodity prices and low regional government control.
Special Autonomy in Papua and West Papua: An Overview of Key Issues
Authors: Hasibuan Sarah Nita
Published: November 2022

The special autonomy granted to the Provinces of Papua and West Papua is a special authority that is recognized and granted by the central government to the Provinces of Papua and West Papua to regulate and manage the interests of their local community based on the aspirations and basic rights of the people of Papua and West Papua. The implementation of the special autonomy in Papua and West Papua has encountered many challenges, such as in managing funds, human resources, institutional capacity, and governance, which impacted the welfare of the people. This study aimed to review the two decades of implementation of the special autonomy, its challenges and obstacles, and dynamics in fund supervision in improving the welfare of the people of Papua and West Papua. To achieve its aims, this study used a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review. The results of the study showed that there were discrepancies in the use of special autonomy funds and low realization of the budget for education and health in the provinces of Papua and West Papua. Even though there has been an increase in welfare in Papua, Papua was still lagging compared to other provinces as evident from its HDI and poverty levels. The slow political process, limited government personnel, and human resources contributed to the slow handling of conflicts in Papua and West Papua. Supervision of special autonomy funds faced many obstacles in the communication process, weak legal instruments, and weak coordination between the central government, regional government, and community.
核心素養導向的課程與教學
Authors: 高教出版 高教出版
Published: November 2022

本文集針對二十一世紀公民素養之培育，強調素養導向的課程設計與發展，尤需向下扎根，落實於中小學的基礎教育。而教學現場的課程教學能否轉為素養導向，必須掌握核心素養的概念，了解其課程轉化原則，進行素養導向教學的設計，透過借鏡國際經驗，指引各領域課程與教學的發展，提升學生認知思考能力，如此方能默化態度的形成。

作者
吳璧純、林永豐、周淑卿、丁思與、單維彰、張僑平、林智中、侯惠澤、葉珍玲、甄曉蘭
Anti-Crisis Fiscal Adjustment under the Conditions of Martial Law and Post-War Recovery in Ukraine
Authors: Iefymenko Tetiana
Published: November 2022

In global practice, uncontrolled imbalances in the fiscal space are a real threat to a country’s financial security in the context of the new economic reality; destabilisation challenges as well as the risks of the spread of crisis phenomena under the conditions of uncertainty and geopolitical conflictogenity. Applying the results of theoretical and practical research based on the methods of factual and statistical analysis, it was determined that under conditions of modern full-scale turmoil, all components of fiscal regulation should be focused on the priorities of resilience in the period of martial law and sustainable development in post-war recovery. As a candidate for acceding the European Union, Ukraine will carry out reforms that will bring the country closer to world standards in all areas of financial relations. Therefore, the processes of reforming tax systems, including administrative regulations, should be focused on solving systemic institutional problems of change management.
Excise tax reform in Poland on electronic cigarettes and heated tobacco products and Personal Income Tax reform
Authors: Popławski Mariusz
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the paper is to present the most important changes to the laws on excise tax and personal income tax (PIT) made in Poland in 2022. Due to the importance of these changes, they can be considered as tax law reforms. The changes to the excise tax may not only affect the amount of taxes levied but may also influence the health-related behaviour of Poles in the coming years. The changes to the PIT may affect as many as 18 million taxpayers. The main purpose of this paper is to verify two research hypotheses: first, that public consultations do not have any impact on the shape of the tax law being developed; and second, if the legislator adopts a tax law quickly, it will very likely contain many errors, the consequences of which may be serious.
Characteristics of the European Platform Regulation
Authors: Ződi Zsolt
Published: November 2022

This paper presents the European regulation of platforms. In its first part, it reconstructs the process by which the concept of ‘platform’ in information technology and marketing have evolved and become a legal concept. This emerged from the mid-2010s, first in amendments of sectoral rules and later in sui generis platform rules. The second part of the paper argues that these rules can be interpreted as an emerging separate area of law, the ‘European platform law’. One of the most important ultimate justifying principles and purposes of this legal corpus is the protection of users. This is achieved through a number of tools, some of which are legal transplants from other legal areas (such as consumer protection), while others are sui generis legal rules created specifically for platforms, such as the protection of user accounts or the explainability and transparency of algorithms.
The Resurrection: Response to Reviews
Authors: Allison Jr. Dale C.
Published: November 2022

This article is a response to four reviews of the book, The Resurrection of Jesus.
Haematological, hepatic and oxidative stress indices of female Wistar rats treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin
Authors: Marcellinus, Ejovwoke Arhoghro  , Enebrayi Nelson Onitsha  , Berezi E Peter
Published: November 2022

Local population utilize the medicinal herb Spondias mombin to cure a variety of illnesses. In this study, the toxicity of an ethanolic leaf extract of Spondias mombin was investigated using haematological, hepatic, and oxidative stress parameters in female wistar rats. Three sets of five rats each were formed from fifteen (15) female rats weighing 117g to 210g. Group A served as control, Group B received 100mg/kg, and Group C received 200mg/kg body weight of ethanolic leaf extract. The extract was administered orally for fourteen (14) days. At the completion of the treatment, blood and tissue samples were collected for haematological, hepatic enzymes and histological examination. The result showed no significant (p>0.05) difference in body weight of rats. However, a significant (p<0.05) reduction was observed in the organ (liver) weight of rats treated with the extract. Packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration, Red Blood Cell and white blood cell values were significantly (p<0.05) increased after 14days of treatment with ethanolic leaf extract Spondias mombins. Liver enzymes aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase showed no significantly changes when compared with the control. However, alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased in the extract treated female rats. There was a significant (p<0.05) increase in superoxide dismutase and a significant (p<0.05) decrease in malondialdehyde levels compared with the control. Rats administered with the plant extract showed no histological alterations in the liver sections. This result confirms the haematinic potential of Spondias mombin plant, and prolonged and high dosages may cause liver damage.
D DO SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC AND SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS IMPACT ON COVID-19 VACCINATION UPTAKE IN NORTH KIVU PROVINCE?
Authors: Bateyi-mustafa Stephane-hans , Basuayi Clement Bula , Onyango.O Rosebella
Published: November 2022

The Sustainable Development Goals three (SDG3) highlighted that immunization impacts directly on health and it does contribute to 14 out of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as ending poverty, reducing hunger, and reducing inequalities especially in low and middle-income countries. However, there is no insight related to the role that play by socio-demographic, cultural, geographical distance, psychological, behavioural factors towards the low COVID-19 vaccination uptake. In order to fill this gap in the existing literature review, this paper has used random sample of 2123 people living in North Kivu, logistic and multiple linear regression to investigate, analyze and assess the effects of socio-demographic, geographical distance, psychological, behavioural factors that are driving the COVID-19 vaccine in the Province of Nord Kivu, which province was victim of outreach Ebola and pandemic of COVID-19. The results revealed that males were likely to adhere to COVID-19 vaccine than females, old people were 4 times to adhere to COVID-19 vaccine compared to young people and the high educated people were 3 times to adhere to COVID-19 vaccine than people with low education, catholic church believers were majority to adhere to COVID-19 vaccine compared to others churches, geographical distance, psychological, behavioural affect adherence to COVID-19 at 30.5%. The results from this study inform policymakers and health system to engage with sensitization, communication and training as strategies for increasing the adhere to COVID-19 vaccine among females, young and low educated people and leaders of churches and communities.
PUBLICNESS OF PUBLIC SPACES IN METROPOLITAN CITY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: THE CASE OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: Qalb Aqsa , Yasin Hamza , Nadeem Obaidullah , Nawaz Marium , Tariq Fariha
Published: November 2022

Modern urban design has changed the image of traditional public space and proved significant for raising level of publicness. This study evaluates the publicness of commercial public spaces in Lahore, using the Star Model, widely suggested in the literature, to recommend urban design interventions for improving the publicness of similar public spaces. The level of publicness is assessed against five sets of attributes pertaining to, (i) Access and Linkages, (ii) Symbolic Access and Outlook, (iii) Animation, (iv) Control and (v) Civility. Methodology involves interview-based surveys with the visitors and shopkeepers. Findings show a poor performance by the case studies against the criteria of evaluation. Therefore, research suggests necessary design intervention and concludes on the significance of urban design elements in extruding publicness level of public spaces. Keywords: Publicness, Public Spaces, Star Model, Urban Design, Moon Market, Barkat Market
SHIFTING URBAN DESIGN PEDAGOGY: REFLECTION ON OPPPRTUNITIES IN AN URBAN DESIGN STUDIO DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Kabir Uzma , Ejaz Sanah
Published: November 2022

How does one teach a subject that requires extensive site interaction with people and public places where a pandemic is rampant? The challenge is two-fold; with studios aiming to achieve intended design outcomes essential to developing students’ ability to tackle complex design problems there exists a real fear for health and safety. Though the verdict on efficacy of online learning as part of urban design pedagogy is still pending, this paper will present the challenges and opportunities in pedagogical approaches and problem solving while portraying a holistic analytical picture of the undergraduate urban design studio. The outbreak of COVID 19 pandemic in March of 2019, forced all tiers of education to re-evaluate its studio methodology within a matter of weeks. Architecture and urban planning schools worldwide had to redesign a centuries old studio model that relied exclusively on face-to-face interactions to develop a culture of discussions and exchange of ideas. Several reactions and responses to address this challenge are in progress, amidst uncertainty and fluidity, towards the teaching and implementations of urban design. This paper is a documentation and analysis of an urban design studio at an undergraduate level that adopted the online mode of learning in 2020. There is discussion on content formulation, teaching methodology and student outputs to encompass the challenges and opportunities arising from teaching the urban studio online. To achieve the goal urban design studio and urban design theory courses were analysed in terms of student engagement and satisfaction viz a viz online teaching. The hybrid mode of teaching that maintains a balance between face to face and online learning may be a more effective pedagogy in future. Keywords: Online Teaching, Hybrid Teaching Asaptability, Urban Design, Pandemic
Single injection versus peppering injection technique with platelet rich plasma in lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Vellarakkat Sandeep , Pottangadi Rijesh , Ravindran M. K. , Sadanandan A. N.
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma injection is now widely accepted treatment in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. Prior studies on PRP injection treatment in lateral epicondylitis have not emphasized on the injection technique used to deliver PRP to the site of maximum tenderness on lateral epicondyle. PRP can be delivered by either single injection at the point of maximum tenderness or by peppering technique at the point of maximum tenderness. Which injection technique is more effective in treating lateral epicondylitis needs to be further studied. Aims and Objective: To compare the outcome of treatment of lateral epicondylitis with PRP with single injection technique and peppering injection technique in terms of improvement in functional outcome and pain. Materials and Method: A comparative study was conducted in 62 patients with lateral epicondylitis treated with PRP injection by single injection technique (31 patients) and PRP injection by peppering injection technique (31 patients). Patients were followed up at the 2nd week, 4th week 8th week and 12th week and assessed with Patient Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) Score and Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) Score during follow up.
Bullying among students in Sulaimani city
Authors: Hamid Daniel S.
Published: November 2022

Background: Bullying among students is a significant problem worldwide and is one of the most common antisocial behaviors among adolescents and children. Examining different aspects of bullying according to the age, gender and level of education of students can be important in planning to manage this behavior. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating bullying among students in Sulaimani city, 2022. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 272 participants from schools and colleges in Sulaimani between March and June 2022. Data were collected through a researcher-made instrument with two demographic sections and 16 questions about bullying. Sampling method was convenience method. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23 statistical software and descriptive and chi-square statistical tests was obtained. Results: The students faced bullied had higher percentage of students didn't faced bullied during study and bullies students had higher percentage of victims students. The highest rate of students faced bullied was among female students at the age of 10-12 in middle and elementary schools. Conclusion: This study showed that bullying exists in Sulaimani city schools and that effective bullying prevention and intervention programs are needed.
Effectiveness of particle size of selected plant materials as protectants of stored Clarias gariepinus against Dermestes maculatus infestation
Authors: Felix Olusegun Akinwumi  , Kehinde Esther Olatunji  , Amos Ayowumi Ademoroti
Published: November 2022

The focus of this study was to determine the efficacy of the different particle sizes of the powder of three plant materials, African Nut-meg (Monodora myristica), Black pepper (Piper guineense) and dry bud of Cloves (Eugenia aromatica) in the control of Dermestes maculatus infestation on stored dried African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Each plant material was pulverized, sieved into 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm particle-sizes, rubbed at 5 g of powder onto the body of 55 g dried fish and placed in Kilner jar in triplicates. The weight loss, adult / larvae emergence and adult mortality of treated fish were determined. The results showed that 0.4 mm particle size of the powder of P. guineense and E. aromatica prevented the infestation of D. maculatus as demonstrated by low fish weight loss, low level of adult / larvae emergence and high mean value of adult insect mortality. Higher number of larvae emergence and weight losses were recorded in the fish exposed to 0.5 mm of each plant powder and 0.4 mm of M. myristica. The study revealed that stored catfish could be treated with smooth particle sizes of Piper guineense and Eugenia aromatica, and can significantly serve as protectants of smoked C. gariepinus against Dermestes maculatus infestation.
IMPORTED AND MANUFACTURED CEMENT IN BANGLADESH: A MARKET STUDY ON GREY AND PORTLAND CEMENT
Authors: Abir Tanvir Fittin , Hossain Md. Khondoker Sogir
Published: November 2022

Cement is an essential construction material, so it is used in all types of residential and non-residential building works, construction and development of modern roads and infra structural facilities etc. This present paper is the outcome of a study for the purpose of examining and assessing the present pattern of imported and manufactured cement in Bangladesh and its future. The findings of the study reveal that the demand projection for next future years, estimated supply gap and competition between imported cement and local cement. This paper also shows the opportunities and threats which exist in Bangladesh market. Finally, Government should adopt polices for encouraging cement manufacturing projects and protecting the interest of the cement buyers which will help accomplish its objective of providing facilities to the people.
PALYNOSTRATIGRAPHIC STATUS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF GIRUJAN CLAY AND DUPITILA FORMATION EXPOSED ALONG SHARI RIVER (DIGRAIL) AND DUPIGAON, SYLHET, BANGLADESH
Authors: Saha S. K. , Singh R.Y.
Published: November 2022

The Girujan Clay Formation is demarcated as Bangladeshopollenites barishalensis Zone, which is equivalent to middle-upper Siwalik sediments of Punjab Basin. The mangrove and coastal palynotaxa present in this formation indicate that these sediments have been deposited under the delta condition in a supratidal environment. The Girujan Clay Formation is considered to be of Mio-Pliocene in age. The DupiTila Formation is recognized here as Corrugatisporites sp. Zone. This formation is equivalent to Namsang bed of Assam-Meghalaya region. The palynological assemblage of this formation is suggestive of a high degree of precipitation and the presence of rainfed river system prevailing in the basin of deposition. It is of Plio-Pleistocene in age.
SPAWNING SEASON OF GREEN MUSSEL, PERNA VIRIDIS (LINN. 1758), FROM THE MOHESHKHALI CHANNEL, BAY OF BENGAL, BANGLADESH
Authors: Kamal Dipak , Khan Y.S.A.
Published: November 2022

Spawning periodicity of the green mussel, P. viridis (Linn. 1758), from the Moheshkhali channel of the Bay of Bengal, Bangldesh was determined by ‘larval abundance’ method for a period of one year from November 1990 and October 1991. Higher larval abundance of P. viridis was recorded during pre-monsoon (January to April) and post-monsoon (September to December) months. Two significant peaks in spawning were recorded- the major peak in September (post-monsoon period) and a minor peak in April (pre-monsoon season). The abundance of the green mussel larvae was found to be correlated with high abundance of other mollusc larvae. However, a water temperature, salinity and the abundance of zooplankton showed negative correlation with the abundance of P. viridis larvae.
AUDITOR’S INDEPENDENCE IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Authors: Islam Muhammad Azizul , Azim Mohammad Istiaq
Published: November 2022

Independence is the keystone of the audit profession; without independence, the users of financial statements would not be able to rely on the auditor’s report. Auditor independence in developing countries is important since the auditor by providing credibility to financial statements facilitates the allocation of scarce capital resources in financial and capital markets. The concept of independence is not absolute; no auditors can claim complete independence of a client. Rather, independence is relative - a matter of degree. In this paper we will try to give a summarized picture of Auditor’s Independence in different countries.
EFFECTS OF GATE OXIDE SHORTS IN CMOS INVERTER CIRCUIT
Authors: Debnath Ratan Kumar
Published: November 2022

Gate oxide shorts of MOS transistors play a key role to cause logic errors as well as to show unusual behaviour in CMOS logic gate operation. Although it is unintended electrical connections, but it acts as a dominant defect in some CMOS fabrication processes. By using a realistic model, logic operation of the inverter circuit has been evaluated by changing the resistance of the short, power supply and operating temperature. A dynamic circuit simulator (SPICE) provides the necessary data to verify the analysis considering oxide shorts for n- and p-channel transistors.
MACBETH’S IDENTITY CRISIS: SHAKESPEARE AS THE SAVIOUR
Authors: Arif G. M. Javed
Published: November 2022

Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a highly complex and magnificent tragedy where nemesis descends upon the tragic hero in a true tragic manner. It is as well an excellent crime story with an intricate pattern of crime and punishment. Macbeth in a sense is a criminal but he is also a tragic hero because Shakespeare endues him with qualities worthy of a tragic hero, because he has a moral weakness which impels him to criminal thoughts and criminal deeds which are his tragic acts, because his fortune undergoes a reversal, because he realizes his error and consequently suffers immensely and dies. But these tragic qualities of his together with his crimes and punishments are integrated in such adroit dramatic and psychological ways that in spite of degenerating into a criminal he commands pity as a tragic hero. Macbeth’s tragedy is that he fools his conscience but cannot kill it for it is deeply, inextricably and poetically rooted in his unconscious. And essentially it is this artifice with which Shakespeare salvages his hero.
LAW OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN BANGLADESH: A CRITICAL STUDY WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO KHULNA MASTER PLAN
Authors: Ahmed M.U.
Published: November 2022

Planned development is of foremost importance for a sustainable and better living environment. Introduction of this planned development is guided through a Master Plan prepared by the public authority within a regulatory framework. Bangladesh is also practicing the method of planned development through master planning activities. There are limited rules and regulations on the preparation and execution of the master plan. Some of the regulations are outdated and inconsistent with the present development activities. Effectiveness of the regulations depends on the efficient and necessary regulations. Planned development should conform with the establishment of guided regulations of the preparation and execution of the master plan. But, in Bangladesh, regulations on the master plan are outdated, irrelevant and somewhere unpredictable. These are some of the major drawbacks of the planned development guided through the master plan. In Bangladesh, four development authorities namely, RAJUK (Rajdhani Unnayan Kartipakkha), CDA (Chittagong Development Authority), KDA (Khulna Development Authority) and RDA (Rajshahi Development Authority) are entitled to prepare master plans according to the Town Improvement Act 1953, Chittagong Development Authority Ordinance 1959, Khulna Development Authority Ordinance 1961 and Rajshahi Development Authority Ordinance, 1976 respectively. Except these, all Pourashavas or Municipalities are entitled to prepare master plan according to the Pourashava Ordinance 1977 and Municipal Administration Ordinance 1960 but they are not performing such activities. The study follows the major drawbacks such as incomplete regulations, communication gap among the authorities, restricted use of land, poor punishment, disputed approval procedure, irregular involvement of police power, etc. involved with the preparation and execution of master plan prescribed through the contemporary regulations. It is necessary to remove these drawbacks as suggestion use in this article.
HALL EFFECTS ON AN MHD FREE CONVECTION AND MASS TRANSFER FLOW IN A ROTATING POROUS MEDIUM WITH TIME DEPENDENT WALL TEMPERATURE
Authors: Alam M. M. , Sattar M. A. , Hossain M. D.
Published: November 2022

The effects of Hall current on an unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow in an electrically conducting incompressible fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate in a rotating porous medium having a constant heal source and a variable suction have been analyzed. Similarity equations are derived by introducing a time dependent length scale. These equations are then solved numerically. The effects of various parameters entering into the problem on the primary and secondary velocities are shown graphically. Finally the values of T ^T^ of the skinfriction coefficient and the Nusselt number Nu are tabulated.
INTERNATIONAL ADJUSTMENTS THROUGH MICRO AND MACROECONOMIC COORDINATION: THE EXAMPLE OF EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Rashid M. , Rahman M. M.
Published: November 2022

The process of ‘globalisation’ now a days leading to a greater interdependence among nations than ever before. And thus greater cross-border spillovers imply an increased need for international policy coordination. The internationalisation of assets and goods market together with the advances in transportation and information technologies, has guaranteed that what happens in one country, especially in a large country, will be felt by other countries. The upsurge in economic integration, in recent times, in the shape of free trade areas, customs union, common markets and various types of preferential association have clearly showed the widespread belief on the value of economic integration. Those interactions are chosen as a way of economic growth, export-led for example, even though they might have some conflicting features. The integration of not less than twelve currencies into a single one in Europe is one of the most amazing facts in the history of modem economics. This paper is primarily based on secondary sources. Extensive literature review has been conducted to frame the concept and issues. Despite the consensus on the benefits of micro and macroeconomic policy coordination, economic blocs still face many difficulties in doing it. Those difficulties arise from countries' varied and usually opposing views and principles about micro and macroeconomic policy. It is undoubtedly difficult to ensure the benefits for all the stakeholders while going for economic growth through opening the economy with all sides. The need for macroeconomic policy co-ordination is obviously a must in an integrated area to realize the full benefits of integration. It must be admitted however, that coordination is a difficult task for countries to do, considering their immense differences. With the increasing number of them forming regional arrangements, one cannot help asking of what path would this cooperation be heading towards-basically a question of success or failure.
ABORTIC EFFECT OF PAPAYA (Carica Papaya ) IN FEMALE MICE
Authors: Hossain K. M. , Hossain M. A. , Ashraf A. , Alam M.M.
Published: November 2022

Medicinal plant Carica papaya was used to investigate whether this plant has any effect on abortion. The research work was undertaken to study the abortic effect of papaya in mice. A group of female mice at the age of 4 to 5 weeks were mated with their male counterpart and mating was confirmed by vaginal fluid examination under light microscope following 8 hrs of mating. Female mice were then separated and fed normal diet supplemented with green papaya juice at a rate of 33.33 and 36.66 ml papaya juice per 100 gm normal feed for first five days and then for rest sixteen days of mating, respectively. The experimental female mice showed positive test during first 3 days (pregnancy test) and showed negative test during 14 to 16 days as confirmed by hand palpation. This result suggests that the extract of Carica papaya; an available cheap source in Bangladesh can be used as an alternative drug component for abortion and may also be used as preventive measures of pregnancy. It may be considered that the green papaya juice that used asabortion aid in the present experiment might be utilized for making abortic pill at low cost. However, identification of actual pill compound and its preparation and marketing needs further research.
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE VARIETIES Isd-16 AND Isd-28
Authors: Sen P. K. , Rahman S. M. M. , Hasan M. F. , Miah M. A.S. , Rahman M. H. , Noman A.S. M.
Published: November 2022

An experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Sugarcane Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. In this study, biochemical composition, enzyme activity and some chemical parameter of sugarcane juice in the varieties Isd-16 and Isd-28 were investigated. Isd-28 showed higher amount of brix (20.85%), pol (18.53%), fiber (19.93%), ash (6.95%), minerals (Na 1.36 & K 3.12 gm/100 gm ash) and lipid (0.058%) than that of Isd-16. Other compositions such as reducing sugars (0.096%), commercial cane sugar (12.55%), moisture (88.97%), protein (0.328%) and vitamin-C (0.00351 gm/100 gm juice) were lower in Isd-28. Amylase enzyme activity (44.44 unit/ml) and cellulase enzyme activity (7.15 unit/ml) were higher in Isd-28 but invertase enzyme activity (10.88 unit/ml) was lower than that of Isd-16. Purity (91.34%) and extraction percentages (54.63%) were higher in Isd-16 whereas, recovery percentage (11.17%) was lower in the juice of Isd-16 variety than that of variety Isd-28 of sugarcane. Most of the biochemical compositions analyses were higher in Isd-28 than that of lsd-16. Reducing sugars were less in Isd-28 variety indicating less invertase activity.
POPULATION POLICY OF BANGLADESH: AN OVERVIEW OF SOME IMPORTANT ISSUES AND PRIORITIES
Authors: Islam M. S.
Published: November 2022

It is now widely recognised that there is a need to take the scope of the population policy in Bangladesh beyond the confines of achieving population stabilisation through reduction of fertility. Although in recent years the approach to reduce of fertility has changed from narrow family planning to a broad based reproductive health approach, it is being increasingly felt that Bangladesh’s population policy should encompass other equally important issues which have wide implications for the development process and the quality of life of people of Bangladesh. In this paper, some important issues and priorities have been discussed to incorporate in population policy especially highlighting the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) recommendation.
Effects of Cognitive Load Level on Students’ Attitude towards the Gamified Course
Authors: TOPU Fatma Burcu
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of cognitive load level on students’ attitude towards the gamified course. It was also found out the students’ views regarding the 14-week gamified course. Participants consisted of 66 undergraduate students. 40 of them had low cognitive load level and 26 of them had high cognitive load level. According to the results, gamification enabled students to have a positive attitude towards the course, even though they had different cognitive load levels. Furthermore, it was determined a negative and medium significant correlation between the cognitive load and attitude of students with low cognitive load. The gamified course had a positive effect on the “Valuing” and “Positive Effects” sub-dimensions of the attitude in favor of students with low cognitive load. The positive views of many students in qualitative findings strengthened these results. While the gamified course had a negative effect on the "Resisting" sub-dimension in favor of students with high cognitive load, it did not have any significant effect on the "Cost Belief" sub-dimension. A few negative views of students in qualitative findings supported the items in these dimensions of attitude scale. Consequently, this study will strengthen the few studies examining both cognitive and affective effects of a gamified course on students. However, further studies need to confirm these results. For this reason, it is recommended to carry out such studies that reveal all the situations which can affect the attitude in the gamified course in order to achieve positive outcomes of students with different cognitive load levels.
Tecnologías de información: sus aplicaciones y contribuciones
Authors: Santana Mancilla Pedro Cesar , Guerrero Ibáñez Juan Antonio , Ramírez Alcaráz Juan Manuel , Fajardo Flores Silvia Berenice
Published: November 2022

El presente libro es resultado de la experiencia de sus autores quienes, desde su perspectiva disciplinar, plantean la necesidad de trabajar en constante cambio por medio de la innovación en las Tecnologías de Información (TI) y que pretende ser de utilidad e informativo tanto para la academia, como para el sector salud y la industria. La obra está organizada en tres categorías y siete capítulos: La primera está dedicada a la salud y en ella se abordan aplicaciones de TI que promueven una mejor calidad de vida a sus usuarios. La segunda aborda aplicaciones de TI en la educación, en la que se detalla el desarrollo de herramientas que se enfilan a integrarse plenamente en la Educación 4.0. Finalmente, en la tercera sección se explican aspectos de aplicaciones de TI para lograr competencias laborales, que ayudará a los usuarios a integrarse de forma innovadora a la Industria 4.0.
Foreign Exchange Reserves and Import Demand in a Developing Economy: New Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Effiong Ubong Edem
Published: November 2022

The attempt in this study has been to detect the influence of foreign exchange reserves on import demand in Nigeria. With data spanning from 2000 to 2020, we estimated the long-run and short-run import demand function using ‘fully modified ordinary least squares’ and ‘error correction model’ respectively after we established that our variables were integrated of the first order and that cointegration exists. The long-run import demand function pointed out that the effect of foreign exchange reserves on import demand is positive but insignificant but such effect turned negative and significant in the short-run. Import price was also noted to put forth a negative sway on import demand with its effect being significant. Income was observed to wield a positive long-run influence on import demand while the effect of exchange rate was positive and significant in the long-run but became negative and significant in the short-run. By the elasticity coefficients, income elasticity put forth a greater influence on import demand compared to every other variable with the coefficient being greater than unity. It therefore becomes pertinent for actions toward reducing the income coefficient to less than or equal to one to be instituted. It is critical that import demand management be regarded as an aspect of an inclusive stabilization strategy. Imports should be targeted as part of this effort to compensate for shortfalls in domestic production. Furthermore, strategies that reduce government spending or raise taxes (contractionary fiscal policy) could reduce income growth which is a chief driver of import demand.
PELAKSANAAN TUGAS DAN PERAN KEPALA MADRASAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN DIMADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Sakdiah Lilik , Cahyo Anggoro Dwi , Sudaryanti Sudaryanti
Published: November 2022

Kajian ini bertujuan akan mengkaji dan menganalisis tugas dan peran Kepala Madrasah dalam merencanakan program pembelajaran, hal ini akan berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran dan pendidikan terhadap Siswa dan Siswi di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 5 Kabupaten Lampung Utara sebagai fokus penelitian. Gaya kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang ideal adalah Gaya kepemimpinan situasional, karena gaya kepemimpinan efektif jika didasarkan pada situasi di lapangan. Metode yang digunakan ialah deskriptif kualititatif yang menggunakan jenis penelitian kepustakaan. Sumber data diperoleh dari artikel jurnal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dalam mengemban amanah dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa urgensi kepala madrasah memiliki tugas dan fungsi antara lain merencanakan program pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan kualitas dalam pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 5 Lampung Utara. Dengan demikian program yang di rancang oleh kepala sekolah menjadi tolak ukur dalam meningkatkan kegiatan belajar dan mengajar di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri 5 Lampung Utara.
As espécies de Butiá que ocorrem na rota dos Butiazais/red palmar
Authors: Marchi Marene Machado , Barbieri Rosa Lía , Da Costa Fábia Amorim
Published: November 2022

A Rota dos Butiazais é uma rede que conecta pessoas para a conservação e o uso sustentável da biodiversidade associada aos ecossistemas de butiazais. Envolve 58 localidades na Argentina, Brasil e Uruguai, promove o resgate de usos e saberes tradicionais, desenvolve pesquisas e tecnologias que apoiam a conservação dos butiazais e estimulam o uso sustentável do butiá. Em alguns pontos da rede existem extensos butiazais, em outros os butiazeiros estão em quintais e praças, mas em todos os locais há pessoas preocupadas com a conservação pelo uso das espécies de Butia. Com o objetivo de mapear as espécies de Butia que ocorrem nas localidades que participam da Rota dos Butiazais, identificamos a ocorrência de 7 espécies. Todas essas espécies sofrem algum nível de ameaça de extinção. Todos os locais do mapa foram visitados e as espécies foram identificadas de acordo com sua área de ocorrência citada na literatura e com técnicas de interpretação de imagens de satélite. No mapa foram marcadas as áreas com remanescentes de butiazais e ocorrência das 7 espécies nos locais que fazem parte da Rota dos Butiazais, de acordo com a divisão política-administrativa. É muito comum encontrar butiazeiros cultivados que foram trazidos de outras localidades, não sendo, muitas vezes, da mesma espécie de ocorrência naquele lugar. Nos locais que fazem parte da Rota dos Butiazais no Brasil ocorrem 7 espécies (B. capitata, B. catarinensis, B. eriospatha, B. lallemantii, B. odorata, B. paraguayensis e B. yatay e), 4 espécies no Uruguai (B. lallemantii, B. odorata, B. paraguayensis e B. yatay) e 1 espécie na Argentina (B. yatay).
Análise do dimorfismo sexual por meio de mensurações lineares na base de crânios secos de adultos
Authors: Amorim Neta Eva Pales , De Medeiros Ygor Ribeiro , Torres Iôgo Pereira , Souza Francarlos de Oliveira , De Melo Sara Soares , Cegolini Andielle , De Almeida Jr Erasmo , Ferreira Émerson de Oliveira
Published: November 2022

Introdução - A Odontologia Legal tem grande importância  no processo de identificação, principalmente quando os profissionais da área recebem para análise apenas a porção cefálica do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar o dimorfismo sexual através de medidas lineares na base do crânio. Material e Métodos - Os autores estudaram uma amostra de 237 crânios secos, sendo 142 masculinos e 95 femininos, que pertenceram a indivíduos com idade acima de 20 anos, e com sexo e idade conhecidos com absoluta segurança. Os crânios pertencem a coleção Osteológica da Faculdade de Medicina da FAP-Araripina. Foram realizadas as seguintes mensurações: distância forame espinhoso-basio, distância processo mastoide-basio, distância processo mastoide-forame espinhoso e uma área triangular. Resultados - De acordo com a análise estatística, houve índice de acerto de 76,5% por regressão logística e 70,65% pela análise de função discriminante. Foi também verificada a média e intervalo de confiança através do teste t, constatando que houve diferença significativa entre as médias (p<0,0001) e os intervalos de confiança se mostraram desconexos. Conclusões - Os resultados permitiram a elaboração de metodologia estatística para o diagnóstico do sexo  em observações futuras.
Literature Review on Corporate Financialization
Authors: Zhang Hang
Published: November 2022

The "de-realization" of entity enterprises is one of the hot issues in China in recent years, and an important micro-expression of this is the financialization of enterprises. This paper compares and analyses the literature on the definition, motivation and impact of corporate financialization, and gives directions for future research outlook to provide some reference and reference for subsequent research on corporate financialization.
The Research of Chinese Life Insurance Companies’ Operating Performance
Authors: Liu Yifang
Published: November 2022

The study of operating efficiency of life insurance companies has been the focus of many scholars, and the two main research methods are subjective empowerment and objective empowerment at present. To address this issue and also to combine the operational characteristics of life insurance companies in China. This article establishes a relative and objective comprehensive evaluation index system and uses factor analysis to study the operational efficiency of life insurance companies in China. Twenty-six life insurance companies with two complete operating cycles in the Chinese life insurance market as of 2020 were selected as the research sample. Thirteen indicators were selected to construct a cross-sectional data system to evaluate the operational efficiency of life insurance companies. The results show that Chinese life insurance companies are comparable to joint venture life insurance companies in terms of overall score, business capacity and profitability, with a relatively even distribution of rankings; while joint venture companies generally lag behind Chinese companies in terms of company size and strength and solvency.
Research on the Influence of Inclusive Finance on Carbon Emissions
Authors: Kan Xinyu , Lv Ruixiang , Chen Ye , Fu Yuxin
Published: November 2022

Digital inclusive finance, as an emerging force that can promote technological innovation and economic level, can provide new ideas for carbon emission reduction. Using the panel data of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in China from 2011 to 2019, this paper explores how digital inclusive finance affects regional carbon emissions. It is found that digital inclusive finance can obviously restrain carbon dioxide emissions; The carbon emission reduction effect of digital inclusive finance is particularly significant in the central and western regions; Digital inclusive finance can improve the level of technological innovation, and its inhibition on carbon emissions is mainly through the transmission mechanism of promoting the level of technological innovation. In view of this, green-oriented digital inclusive finance should be developed; Strengthen the combination of digitalization and industrialization, and adjust and optimize the industrial layout; Formulate digital inclusive finance policy according to local conditions; Increase investment in technological innovation funds, and promote technological innovation with digital inclusive finance.
Research on the Formation and Control of College Students' Social Anxiety in Virtual Community Situation
Authors: Zhang Yanlong , Shan Zhuowen , Wu Yang , Fu Yuxin
Published: November 2022

With the in-depth development of the Internet, online social interaction accounts for a large part of college students' total social interaction, and at the same time, it gives birth to online social anxiety. This paper aims to study the current online social anxiety of college students, speculate the main influencing factors and give corresponding control methods.
Research on the Impact Value of Big Data Technology on the Development of Film Industry
Authors: Fang Ronghui , Yuan Jing , Yu Mengxin , Ye Mengkai
Published: November 2022

As an intellectual-intensive industry, film and television creation is a key link in the film industry. The integration of film and television creation and big data can establish a user preference model, directly attack the marketing focus and occupy the commanding heights of profit. Today's film and television productions all use big data to avoid risks. Why is the film market going down instead? This paper discusses the impact of big data application on the value of the film industry at the moment when the big data infrastructure and technology are not yet fully formed.