bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Matrix Representation of Quasi Centroids of Heisenberg Superalgebra
Authors: Yang Ruhui , Zheng Keli
Published: December 2023

This article studies the matrix representation of the quasi-centroids of Heisenberg superalgebras. Based on the definition of Heisenberg superalgebras and quasi-centroids, a matrix representation of quasi- centroids of Heisenberg superalgebras with even center is studied by using the method of solving system of linear equations and supersymmetry operation of Lie superalgebras. Finally, a matrix representation of the quasi centroids of a Heisenberg superalgebra with an odd center is obtained through similar calculations.
Aspartame, Chronic Kidney Insufficiency and Ocimum gratissimum Extract
Authors: Ajani Rotimi Sunday , Agagwu Onyinyechukwu Maureen
Published: December 2023

Objective: The paired human kidneys are retroperitoneal organs responsible for the maintenance of the internal meliu of the human body. Chronic kidney disease is major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Nutrition and life style are two main factors in the aetiopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Aspartame is a non-nutritive sweetener commonly consumed worldwide. Ocimum gratissimum is a naturally growing plant with some medicinal benefits. This study investigated if oral administration of aspartame could induce renal insufficiency in rat and the plausible ameliorative role of O. gratissimum extract.
Methodology: Fifty animals allotted to four groups were used for the study. The control group (CN) had normal feed. The Aspartame group (Asp) had 250 mg/kg/day of aspartame for 28 days. The Aspartame low dose O. gratissimum extract group (ALO) had 250 mg/kg/day of aspartame for 28 days followed by once daily dose of the extract at 100 mg/kg for 28 days. For the Aspartame high dose O. gratissimum extract group (AHO); aspartame was administered at 250 mg/kg once daily for 28 days followed by another 28-day daily administration of the plant extract at 200mg/kg. Both aspartame and plant extract were administered orally. Periodically, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and kidneys harvested for histopathological examination.
Results: The biochemical parameters of renal insufficiency were significantly pronounced in the Asp group but not in the AHO. Oxidative stress was pronounced in the Asp and ALO but not in group AHO at day 57. Histopathological examination of the kidney obtained from the Aspartame group revealed destruction of glomeruli.
Chronic administration of aspartame in rat caused sustained renal insufficiency which was ameliorated by prolonged administration of high dose of Ocimum gratissimum extract. Thus O. gratissimum extract is beneficial to aspartame induced renal toxicity in a dose dependent manner.
Nature of Damage and its Management of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiprda) on Maize Crop: A Review
Authors: Lal Bharat , Singh Dheerendra , Bhadauria N. S.
Published: December 2023

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a polyphagous pest which is arising as one of the major threats to agricultural crop production. It has around 80 host species that cause severe damage to cereals and vegetable crops. This pest was first discovered in Africa (2016) and first collected and reported in Madhya Pradesh at Research Farm RVSKVV, Gwalior of the August Month in2019-20. The S. frugiperda larval are found in newly leaves, leaves whorls, tasseling or cobs according to their growth stages. Scrape leaves, pin hole symptoms due to early larval stage and pane window symptoms whereas in the later vegetative stages due to larval of fall armyworm, damage results in skeletonized leaves and seriously windows whorls. Whereas weather condition for insects firm is good for pest could cause about 100% losses in maize crop but not control in the time.

Normal investigation, push and pull method, light traps are used, common botanical pesticides are available of neem locally available materials of ash and several suggested chemical pesticides with dose can be used for the management of S. frugiperda. In present a vital requirement for development of eco-friendly environment, cost-effectively and collectively adopted IPM strategies to easily the impacts of the S. frugiperda.
The Drivers of Sustainability Practices in SMEs and the Impact on Business Performance
Authors: Min Ho Lioeng , Tambunan Tulus T. H. , Santosa Budi , Sumiyarti
Published: December 2023

The concept of sustainability practices by Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is often ignored, specifically in developing countries. This requires optimal attention, considering the significant role of SMEs in economic growth and the significant collective impact on the ecological environment. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the impact of collaboration and innovation on SMEs sustainability practices and business performance. A total of 169 samples were obtained from metal manufacturing companies located in the Tegal, Klaten, and Greater Jakarta regions through purposive sampling.  The results showed that collaboration significantly and positively affected SMEs sustainability practices, using SEM-PLS analysis. Innovation also positively influenced sustainability practices and business performance. Furthermore, the positive impacts of collaboration and innovation on business performance were mediated by sustainability practices. Sustainability practices also positively affected business performance, showing that the enhancement of sustainability practices commitment was required to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without sacrificing SMEs business growth. From the results, the implementation of other variables was recommended for future analyses, to improve the understanding of the different factors driving sustainability practices in SMEs.
Influence of Thermodynamic Arrow of Time on Entropy
Authors: Peter Opio , Lydia Akullo , Edward Bwayo
Published: December 2023

This study assessed the influence of thermodynamic arrow of time on entropy for boiled cooling water (physical process), the universe and the air (natural process). This was done by determining the entropies of boiled water, the universe and air. This was achieved by using 1.5 litres of pure water, a 2 liter electric kettle, a digital thermometer, a digital weighing scale and a stop watch. The entropy values of boiled water as it was cooling, was in negatives, that of the universe was in negatives and positives and that of air (natural process) was positive. This showed that for any physical process, (boiled cooling water and the universe) thermodynamic arrow of time does not influence entropy in the positive direction while as for a natural process (air), thermodynamic arrow of time influences entropy in the positive direction. The boiledcooling water was a non-spontaneous process, the universe was both non-spontaneous and spontaneous and the air was a spontaneous process. The study has shown that thermodynamic arrow of time influences only entropies of natural process in the forward direction but for the physical process, the entropy can be  influenced both backwards and forwardwise.
Content and Readability of US Procedure Consent Forms
Authors: Lin George T. , Mitchell Margaret B. , Hammack-Aviran Catherine , Gao Yue , Liu Dandan , Langerman Alexander
Published: December 2023

This qualitative study uses data from the American Hospital Association National Survey Database to analyze the content and readability of a sample of US procedures consent forms.
Microfluidics‐Prepared Ultra‐small Biomimetic Nanovesicles for Brain Tumor Targeting
Authors: Wang Ji , Ma Xiaoxi , Wu Zhihao , Cui Binbin , Zou Changbin , Zhang Pengfei , Yao Shuhuai
Published: December 2023

Blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB) serves as a fatal guard of the central nervous system as well as a formidable obstacle for the treatment of brain diseases such as brain tumors. Cell membrane‐derived nanomedicines are promising drug carriers to achieve BBB‐penetrating and brain lesion targeting. However, the challenge of precise size control of such nanomedicines has severely limited their therapeutic effect and clinical application in brain diseases. To address this problem, this work develops a microfluidic mixing platform that enables the fabrication of cell membrane‐derived nanovesicles with precise controllability and tunability in particle size and component. Sub‐100 nm macrophage plasma membrane‐derived vesicles as small as 51 nm (nanoscale macrophage vesicles, NMVs), with a narrow size distribution (polydispersity index, PDI: 0.27) and a high drug loading rate (up to 89% for indocyanine green‐loaded NMVs, NMVs@ICG (ICG is indocyanine green)), are achieved through a one‐step process. Compared to beyond‐100 nm macrophage cell membrane vesicles (general macrophage vesicles, GMVs) prepared via the traditional methods, the new NMVs exhibits rapid (within 1 h post‐injection) and enhanced orthotopic glioma targeting (up to 78% enhancement), with no extra surface modification. This work demonstrates the great potential of such real‐nanoscale cell membrane‐derived nanomedicines in targeted brain tumor theranostics.
Apoferritin‐Cu(II) Nanoparticles Induce Oncosis in Multidrug‐Resistant Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiong Kai , Lin Xinlin , Kou Junfeng , Wei Fangmian , Shen Jinchao , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: December 2023

Multidrug resistance (MDR) limits the application of clinical chemotherapeutic drugs. There is an urgent need to develop non‐apoptosis‐inducing agents that circumvent drug resistance. Herein, four therapeutic copper complexes encapsulated in natural nanocarrier apoferritin (AFt‐Cu1‐4) are reported. Although they are isomers, they exhibit significantly different organelle distributions and cell death mechanisms. AFt‐Cu1 and AFt‐Cu3 accumulate in the cytoplasm and induce autophagy, whereas AFt‐Cu2 and AFt‐Cu4 can quickly enter the nucleus and trigger oncosis. Excitedly, AFt‐Cu2 and AFt‐Cu4 show a strong tumor growth inhibition effect in mice models bearing multidrug‐resistant colon xenograft via intravenous injection. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first example of metal‐based nucleus‐targeted oncosis inducers overcoming multidrug resistance in vivo.
Real‐Time Detection and Classification of Bypass Diode‐Related Faults in Photovoltaic Modules via Thermoelectric Devices
Authors: Ko Jaehwan , Kim Chungil , Lee Deukgwang , Lee Suwoon , Shin Woo Gyun , Kang Gi Hwan , Oh Jaewon , Ko Suk Whan , Song Hyung‐Jun
Published: December 2023

The accurate detection and classification of faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems contribute to enhancing their performance. Bypass diode (BD) heating is a common issue afflicting field‐installed PV modules. Although different fault modes exist, they exhibit similar characteristics, which hinder their early detection and classification. Thus, a real‐time fault detection and classification method for heated BDs in PV modules using thermoelectric devices (TEs) is proposed. When PV modules experience partial shading (PS) or exhibit bypass diode faults (BDFs), the temperature of the BD rises. By attaching a TE to the BD, the heat generated due to the PS or BDF can be converted into electrical energy. Additionally, the cause of bypass heating can be classified in real time by analyzing the TE's power‐generation capacity, considering the inverter status and ambient conditions. For example, the power generated by the TE is in the ranges of 8.5–14.7 (PS) and 28–49.4 mW cm−2 (BDF) under operating conditions. Moreover, the power generated by the TE under the PS and BDF conditions is sufficiently high to drive a communication system, guaranteeing the reliability of the detection system. Therefore, the proposed bypass heating detection system can classify the fault modes of PV systems in real time without external power.
Modulating Optical Properties of Graphene with the help of Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Networks
Authors: Abbasian Hamed
Published: December 2023

We utilize density functional theory to explore dicarbonitrile‐polyphenyl networks overlaid on graphene as a method for manipulating the density of Li atoms in a specific assembly pattern. Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations affirm the thermal stability of the introduced systems. We scrutinized the electronic structure and optical properties of the resultant systems, illustrating a systematic modulation of optical characteristics. Our results suggest that the optical excitation frequencies of (Li‐dicarbonitrile‐polyphenyl)/G can be efficiently tuned by systematically adjusting the density of Li atoms on graphene.
Chimeric Exosomes Functionalized with STING Activation for Personalized Glioblastoma Immunotherapy
Authors: Bao Peng , Gu Hui‐Yun , Ye Jing‐Jie , He Jin‐Lian , Zhong Zhenlin , Yu Ai‐Xi , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: December 2023

A critical challenge of existing cancer vaccines is to orchestrate the demands of antigen‐enriched furnishment and optimal antigen‐presentation functionality within antigen‐presenting cells (APCs). Here, a complementary immunotherapeutic strategy is developed using dendritic cell (DC)‐tumor hybrid cell‐derived chimeric exosomes loaded with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonists (DT‐Exo‐STING) for maximized tumor‐specific T‐cell immunity. These chimeric carriers are furnished with broad‐spectrum antigen complexes to elicit a robust T‐cell‐mediated inflammatory program through direct self‐presentation and indirect DC‐to‐T immunostimulatory pathway. This chimeric exosome‐assisted delivery strategy possesses the merits versus off‐the‐shelf cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) delivery techniques in both the brilliant tissue‐homing capacity, even across the intractable blood–brain barrier (BBB), and the desired cytosolic entry for enhanced STING‐activating signaling. The improved antigen‐presentation performance with this nanovaccine‐driven STING activation further enhances tumor‐specific T‐cell immunoresponse. Thus, DT‐Exo‐STING reverses immunosuppressive glioblastoma microenvironments to pro‐inflammatory, tumoricidal states, leading to an almost obliteration of intracranial primary lesions. Significantly, an upscaling option that harnesses autologous tumor tissues for personalized DT‐Exo‐STING vaccines increases sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and exerts systemic immune memory against post‐operative glioma recrudesce. These findings represent an emerging method for glioblastoma immunotherapy, warranting further exploratory development in the clinical realm.
Glucagon Enhances Chemotherapy Efficacy By Inhibition of Tumor Vessels in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Xu Yuxue , Ni Feixue , Sun Daxi , Peng Yue , Zhao Yaxuan , Wu Xiaojun , Li Shasha , Qi Xiangyu , He Xinkang , Li Min , Zhou Yizi , Zhang Chao , Yan Miao , Yao Cuifang , Zhu Shuaishuai , Yang Yang , An Baijiao , Yang Chunhua , Zhang Guilong , Jiang Wenguo , Mi Jia , Chen Xinju , Wei Pengfei , Tian Geng , Zhang Yin
Published: December 2023

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite its substantial benefits, the development of drug resistance and adverse effects remain challenging. This study aimed to elucidate a novel role of glucagon in anti‐cancer therapy. In a series of in vitro experiments, glucagon inhibited cell migration and tube formation in both endothelial and tumor cells. In vivo studies demonstrated decreased tumor blood vessels and fewer pseudo‐vessels in mice treated with glucagon. The combination of glucagon and chemotherapy exhibited enhanced tumor inhibition. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that glucagon increased the permeability of blood vessels, leading to a pronounced disruption of vessel morphology. Signaling pathway analysis identified a VEGF/VEGFR‐dependent mechanism whereby glucagon attenuated angiogenesis through its receptor. Clinical data analysis revealed a positive correlation between elevated glucagon expression and chemotherapy response. This is the first study to reveal a role for glucagon in inhibiting angiogenesis and vascular mimicry. Additionally, the delivery of glucagon‐encapsulated PEGylated liposomes to tumor‐bearing mice amplified the inhibition of angiogenesis and vascular mimicry, consequently reinforcing chemotherapy efficacy. Collectively, the findings demonstrate the role of glucagon in inhibiting tumor vessel network and suggest the potential utility of glucagon as a promising predictive marker for patients with CRC receiving chemotherapy.
CO2‐Induced Strong Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetism in BiFeO3
Authors: Ren Zixin , Gao Bo , Xu Song , Xu Qun
Published: December 2023

With humongous demand for data storage and processing, two‐dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic‐based materials, is emerged as the next‐generation nanoelectronic devices due to their low power consumption and optimal memory and processing capabilities. BiFeO3 as a single‐phase multiferromagnetic material is expected to find potential applications in electromagnetic devices. Herein, 2D room‐temperature ferromagnetic BiFeO3 is obtained with the help of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2). The rhombic phase of BiFeO3 is converted to cubic with the creation of Ov and Fe2+ defects over the SC CO2 treatment, leading to significant ferromagnetic enhancement. More importantly, it is found that SC CO2 can destroy the cycloidal spin structure of BiFeO3 leading to an increase in the Fe─O─Fe bond angle, which generates stronger superexchange interactions. Ultimately, the saturation magnetization strength of BiFeO3 is increased by nearly 23 times. A new strategy is provided for ferromagnetic induction in 2D materials, which is favorable for promoting their practical applications on device architectures in the future.
Accessing Tetrahydroquinaldic Amide and Homoproline Derivatives by Dearomative Difunctionalization of Heteroaromatics
Authors: Yang Xiaolong , Liu Danyi , Wang Dong
Published: December 2023

This study reports the first synthesis of tetrahydroquinaldic and tetrahydropicolinic amides using readily available quinolines and pyridines through dearomative difunctionalization and hydrolysis under transition‐metal‐ and reductant‐free conditions. The prepared amide products could be easily oxidized to the corresponding quinaldic and picolinic amides. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of the amide group has been explored to develop convenient methods for their conversion to other common organic functional groups.
Dementia and mortality in older adults: A twin study
Authors: Jang Jung Yun , Beam Christopher R. , Karlsson Ida K. , Pedersen Nancy L. , Gatz Margaret
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

Dementia predicts increased mortality. We used case‐control and co‐twin control models to investigate genetic and shared environmental influences on this association.

METHODS

Case‐control design, including 987 twins with dementia and 2938 age‐ and sex‐matched controls in the Swedish Twin Registry. Co‐twin control design, including 90 monozygotic (MZ) and 288 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs discordant for dementia. To test for genetic and environmental confounding, differences were examined in mortality risk between twins with dementia and their matched or co‐twin controls.

RESULTS

Twins with dementia showed greater mortality risk than age‐ and sex‐matched controls (HR = 2.02 [1.86, 2.18]). Mortality risk is significantly elevated but attenuated substantially in discordant twin pairs, for example, comparing MZ twins with dementia to their co‐twin controls (HR = 1.48 [1.08, 2.04]).

DISCUSSION

Findings suggest that genetic factors partially confound the association between dementia and mortality and provide an alternative hypothesis to increased mortality due to dementia itself.

Highlights

We studied dementia and mortality in twin pairs discordant for dementia.

People without dementia outlived people with dementia.

Identical twins with dementia and their co‐twin controls had similar survival time.

Findings suggest genotype may explain the link between dementia and mortality.
Different Immunologic Profiles Are Associated With Distinct Clinical Phenotypes in Longitudinally Observed Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Manion Kieran , Muñoz‐Grajales Carolina , Kim Michael , Atenafu Eshetu , Faheem Zoha , Gladman Dafna D. , Urowitz Murray , Touma Zahi , Wither Joan E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine the immunologic profile associated with disease flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to investigate the clinical significance of any differences observed between patients during and following a flare.

Methods

Multiparameter flow cytometry was used to examine 47 immune populations within the peripheral blood of 16 healthy controls, 25 patients with clinically quiescent SLE, and 46 patients with SLE experiencing a flare at baseline and at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up visits. Unsupervised clustering was used to identify patients with similar immune profiles and to track changes over time. Parametric or nonparametric statistics were used when appropriate to assess the association of cellular phenotypes with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Results

Five clusters of patients were identified that variably contained patients with active and quiescent SLE, and that had distinct clinical phenotypes. Patients characterized by increased T peripheral helper, activated B, and age‐associated B cells were the most likely to be flaring at baseline, as well as the most likely to remain active or flare over the subsequent year if they acquired or retained this phenotype at follow‐up. In contrast, patients who had increased T helper (Th) cells in the absence of B cell changes, or who had increased Th1 cells and innate immune populations, mostly developed quiescent SLE on follow‐up. A significant proportion of patients with SLE had depletion of many immune populations at flare and only showed increases in these populations post‐flare.

Conclusion

Cellular phenotyping of patients with SLE reveals several distinct immunologic profiles that may help to stratify patients with regard to prognosis and treatment.

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Electrolytes and Cathode Designs for Next Generation of Silicon‐based Batteries – Comprehensive Experimental and Computational Considerations
Authors: Epshtein Alon , Baskin Igor , Ein‐Eli Yair
Published: December 2023

The increasing demand for energy storage technologies has prompted the exploration of side‐by‐side technologies, that can complement the current Lithium‐ion battery industry with cheaper and more abundant materials that can be incorporated in a myriad of new electrochemical cell designs. To meet these goals, a novel approach for electrolyte design using quantum‐mechanical density function theory (DFT) modeling was implemented in concert with experimental electrochemical characterization to culminate in a predictive model that can be tailored to a specific cell chemistry. Physical characteristics as dielectric constant, solvent acidity, basicity etc. influence fluoride speciation, solvation and electrolyte performance, in an iterative fashion to enable characterization prediction of 19F NMR shifts, ionic conductivity mechanisms and fluoride reactivity in a myriad of liquid phase organic solvent. Herein, Silicon (Si) anode batteries were constructed with fluoride‐based electrolytes to yield optimal ionic conductivity, adequate anode surface activation, current density and electrochemical stability with corresponding cell characterization and operation mechanism. Our novel and functional tools enable optimal utilization of active Si anode‐based batteries with complementary advanced cathode materials, bringing forth the next generation of electrochemical energy storage systems based on an active Si anode.
‘Take Back the Land’: Analysis of the influence of environmental concern, cultural tightness and moral disengagement on pro‐environmental behaviour intentions
Authors: Di Santo Daniela , Di Santo Dario , Pierro Antonio
Published: December 2023

Our study found that individuals' environmental concerns are positively associated with their pro‐environmental behavioural intentions through increased desired cultural tightness and reduced moral disengagement. Based on past research on (a) the positive association between personal concerns for ecological threats and desire for strong rules and punishment for violation (i.e., cultural tightness) and (b) the negative impact of moral disengagement on pro‐environmental behavioural intention, we proposed that people who desire tightness for their environment are less likely to morally disengage from their pro‐environmental intentions to act. The study relied on a cross‐sectional design, with a sample of 2482 participants from Italy. Results from a serial mediation model confirmed our starting assumptions, showing that desired tightness and moral disengagement may represent crucial factors in the relationship between environmental concern and behavioural intentions to benefit the environment. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.
Symbiotic Antidiabetic Effect of Lactobacillus casei and the Bioactive Extract of Cleome droserifolia (Forssk.) Del. on Mice with Type 2 Diabetes Induced by Alloxan
Authors: El Maksoud Ahmed I. Abd , Al‐Karmalawy Ahmed A. , ElEbeedy Dalia , Ghanem Aml , Rasheed Yasmin , Ibrahim Ibrahim A. , Elghaish Reem A. , Belal Amany , Raslan Mona A. , Taher Rehab F.
Published: December 2023

The consumption of probiotics protects pancreatic β‐cells from oxidative damage, delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and preventing microvascular and macrovascular complications. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of CDE fermented by Lactobacillus casei (ATCC 39539) (LC) in alloxan‐induced diabetic rats. The oxidative stress identified by catalase (CAT), serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were measured. The chemical profiles of the plant extract and the fermented extract were studied using HPLC/MS. The potential of the compounds towards the binding pockets of aldose reductase and PPAR was discovered by molecular docking. A significant reduction in fasting blood glucose in alloxan‐treated rats. The CAT showed a significant decrease in diabetic rats. Also, serum AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine, urea, and uric acid were significantly decreased in the mixture group. Mild histological changes of pancreatic and kidney tissues suggested that the mixture of probiotics and cleome possesses a marked anti‐diabetic effect. Overall, the study suggests that the combination of Cleome droserifolia fermented by Lactobacillus casei exhibits significant antidiabetic activity (p‐value=0.05), reduces oxidative stress, improves lipid profiles, and shows potential for the treatment of diabetes.
Physicochemical, rheological, and baking properties of wheat flours from different mill streams
Authors: Nkurikiye Eric , Lou Haiwei , Churchill Fran , Watt Jason , Blodgett Paul , Karkle Elisa , Siliveru Kaliramesh , Li Yonghui
Published: December 2023

Background and Objective

Wheat is one of the most produced cereal grains in the world, predominantly consumed as bread and other baked products. The roller mill system, which produces different stream flours, is the most commonly used size reduction method for wheat. This study aims to comprehensively examine the physicochemical properties, rheological behavior, and bread‐baking performances of individual mill streams. Flours from 15 different mill streams, along with straight‐grade flour, were collected from a pilot‐scale flour mill and thoroughly analyzed.

Findings

The results showed that the protein and ash content of the flours increased as they passed from the first to last pairs of rolls, while the moisture content decreased. All the flours collected showed poor bulk flowing properties. Rheology analysis revealed that flours from the break system had better mixing properties compared to that from the reduction system, and this trend was also observed in bread‐baking quality. Rheological properties of 4M (4th middling's) and 5M (5th middling's) flours were extremely poor, comparable to gluten‐free flour characteristics. The bread loaves produced by 3BK (3rd break) and 4BK (4th break) showed larger volumes, while 4M and 5M yielded poor‐quality bread. Principal component analysis indicated that lactic acid ‐SDS‐retention capacity can serve as a better predictor of the baking property of wheat flour compared to current methods.

Conclusion

Our study shows that different flour streams have significantly different dough properties and baking application functionalities. Appropriate flour streams may be pooled for specific end‐uses (e.g., pizza, bread, noodles, pretzels, and cookies).

Significance and Novelty

This study highlights the significance of better understanding wheat flour characteristics for enhancing the overall baking quality, specific end uses, and consumer satisfaction. This study will serve as a blueprint to improve wheat flour testing for baking purposes.
Photophysical Analysis of Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) Luminogens Based on Triphenylamine and Thiophene: Insights into Emission Behavior in Solution and PMMA Films
Authors: Segura Camilo , Ormazabal‐Toledo Rodrigo , García‐Beltrán Olimpo , Squeo Benedetta M. , Bachmann Cristian , Flores Catalina , Osorio‐Román Igor O.
Published: December 2023

Aggregation‐Induced Emission (AIE) luminogens have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive applications in different applications. Among the diverse molecular architectures, those based on triphenylamine and thiophene hold prominence. However, a comprehensive understanding of the deactivation mechanism both in solution and films remains lacking. In this study, we synthesized and characterized spectroscopically two AIE luminogens: 5‐(4‐(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)thiophene‐2‐carbaldehyde (TTY) and 5′‐(4‐(bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)‐[2,2′‐bithiophene]‐5‐carbaldehyde (TTO). Photophysical and theoretical analyses were conducted in both solution and PMMA films to understand the deactivation mechanism of TTY and TTO. In diluted solutions, the emission behavior of TTY and TTO is influenced by the solvent, and the deactivation of the excited state can occur via locally excited (LE) or twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. In PMMA films, rotational and translational movements are constrained, necessitating emission solely from the LE state. Nevertheless, in the PMMA film, excimers‐like structures form, resulting in the emergence of a longer wavelength band and a reduction in emission intensity. The zenith of emission intensity occurs when molecules are dispersed at higher concentrations within PMMA, effectively diminishing the likelihood of excimer‐like formations. Luminescent Solar Concentrators (LSC) were fabricated to validate these findings, and the optical efficiency was studied at varying concentrations of luminogen and PMMA.
Controlled Synthesis of Metal‐Nanoparticles Decorated Block Copolymer Hybrid Particles via Emulsion Confined Self‐assembly and Their Catalytic Applications
Authors: Chang Xiaohua , Yu Qunli , Ji Dan , Zhu Yutian
Published: December 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) decorated block copolymer (BCP) hybrid nanoparticles have attracted enormous attention for their actual value in catalysis, medical therapy, and bioengineering. The confined assembly of BCPs within evaporative emulsion droplet is verified as an effective method to provide polymeric scaffolds to load metal NPs. However, to date, it remains challenging to generate different types of metal NPs decorated BCP hybrid nanoparticles. Herein, we employed the emulsion confined self‐assembly of poly(styrene‐b‐ 2‐vinylpyridine) (PS‐b‐P2VP) and the followed seed‐mediated growth of Au and palladium (Pd) NPs onto well‐defined BCP particles to design a series of Au/Pd decorated BCP hybrid nanoparticles, which exhibited excellent catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol with the reductant of NaBH4. This work may inspire more researchers to investigate the selective decoration of different metal NPs onto the polymeric scaffolds, broadening the potential applications of the inorganic/organic hybrid nanoparticles.
Directional Growth of Bi2WO6 with Highly Exposed Facets on 2D‐Co3O4 for different Properties under two Light Sources
Authors: He Junguo , Cui Xinxin , Jiang Weixun , Liu Yunlong , Zhao Yunyi , Chu Zhaorui , Ruan Xian
Published: December 2023

A composite of two or more materials usually results in enhanced specific properties. In this paper, a kind of composite material composed of Bi2WO6 with highly exposed {010} facets and 2D‐Co3O4 was prepared by a one‐pot reaction and then applied to decontaminate hydrocortisone in wastewater. The Bi2WO6/Co3O4 composite possessed a rose‐like surface microtopography self‐assembled from Bi2WO6 and Co3O4 nanosheets. The micro‐interface analysis showed that {110} facets of Co3O4 and {010} facets of Bi2WO6 were glued in situ and formed heterojunction. Additionally, the removal ability of hydrocortisone through Bi2WO6/Co3O4 varied under different light sources, which was 85.0 % under ultraviolet light and 97.3 % under visible light within 60 min. It was considered that Bi2WO6/Co3O4 was similar to a traditional heterojunction and the major reactive species was H2O2 under ultraviolet light, while it played a role as a Z‐scheme photocatalyst and the major reactive species was ⋅OH under visible light. Finally, product analysis of hydrocortisone demonstrated that the dexter chain broke whatever under ultraviolet or visible light, but the breakage of parent nucleus appeared only under visible light. This research revealed the enhanced catalytic properties of p‐n heterojunction catalysts and indicated the specifically exposed facets are promising for organic contaminants in water.
Tunable Polymer Micelles as Template Directing Growth of MOFs Crystals in Surfactant‐Free Emulsion to Fabricate Chitosan‐Based Copolymer/ZIF‐8 Nanostructure
Authors: Zhao Xiaozhu , Li Zongxin , Guo Fengchuan , He Naipu , Li Wen , Zhao Xuerui
Published: December 2023

An amphiphilic chitosan‐g‐poly N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) methacrylamide (CS‐g‐PDMAPMA, CSP) was proposed and synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT), and further employed as emulsifier to construct a surfactant‐free emulsion. The morphology of micelles in surfactant‐free emulsion was regulated by adjusting the oil‐water ratio and concentration of amphiphilic copolymer. Subsequently, polymer micelles served as templates to direct the assembly of ZIF‐8 crystals in the surfactant‐free emulsion to fabricate polymer/ZIF‐8 composite materials (ZIF‐8@CSP) with various structures. Specifically, ZIF‐8@CSP with various architectures such as spheres, rods, cubes, leaf‐shaped flakes, cross‐flowers and wrinkled cubes were obtained by varying the concentration of CSP, the addition sequence of ZIF‐8 precursors and the ratio of oil‐water.
Adaptive active and reactive power control strategy for virtual synchronous generator
Authors: Behera Sameer Kumar , Panda Anup Kumar , Naik N. Venkataramana
Published: December 2023

With the increase in the penetration level of renewables into the grid, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) concept has emerged as an attractive solution for controlling grid‐tied inverters. The variation in reactive power also affects the real power of the system as well. To address the voltage variations and phase angle variations occurring because of the energy storage elements, the control of the reactive power loop (RPL) is important. Also, it is used to maintain voltage regulation and improve the power factor of the VSG system. This paper focuses on the damping of oscillations occurring because of load variation by proper adjustment of the rotational inertia, damping coefficient, droop coefficient, and regulatory coefficient of reactive power with a proposed adaptive control strategy. Small‐signal analysis of the active and reactive power and point of common coupling (PCC) have been derived, and the detailed dynamic performances are analyzed. The influences of parameters perturbation on PCC voltage and reactive power were investigated. Furthermore, adaptive control includes optimizing dynamic indexes such as rise time, delay time, and response settling time. Finally, the performance and improvement in the results of VSG with and without adaptive control are compared.
Somatostatin affects GnRH neuronal development and migration and stimulates olfactory‐related fiber fasciculation
Authors: Murakami Shizuko , Ohki‐Hamazaki Hiroko , Uchiyama Yasuo
Published: December 2023

Transient expression of somatostatin (SST) has been observed in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and nerves of chick embryos. Intense expression of SST in these regions on embryonic days (E) 5–8 coincides with the migration of neurons producing gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) from the OE to the forebrain (FB), suggesting that SST plays a role in the development of GnRH neurons. Using in ovo electroporation of small interfering RNA, we found that the suppression of SST mRNA in the olfactory placode (OP) of E3.5 chick embryos significantly reduced the number of GnRH and Islet‐1‐immunoreactive neurons in the nasal region without affecting the entry of GnRH neurons into the FB at E5.5–6. SST knockdown did not lead to changes in the number of apoptotic, proliferating, or HuC/D‐positive neuronal cells in the OE; therefore, it is possible that SST is involved in the neurogenesis/differentiation of GnRH neurons and OP‐derived GnRH‐negative migratory neurons. In whole OP explant cultures, we also found that SST or its analog octreotide treatment significantly increased the number of migratory GnRH neurons and the migratory distance from the explants. The co‐application of an SST antagonist blocked the octreotide‐induced increase in the number of GnRH neurons. Furthermore, the fasciculation of polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule‐immunoreactive fibers emerging from the explants was dependent on octreotide. Taken together, our results provide evidence that SST exerts facilitatory effects on the development of neurons expressing GnRH or Islet‐1 and on GnRH neuronal migration, in addition to olfactory‐related fiber fasciculation.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrically Substituted [5]Helicenes by Tandem Arylation of Binaphthyl by Suzuki Coupling and C−H Activation
Authors: Bulko Filip , Filo Juraj , Cigáň Marek , Putala Martin
Published: December 2023

We report a step‐efficient approach for the synthesis of unsymmetrically substituted naphtho[1,2‐g]chrysenes by tandem arylation of 2,2’‐diiodo‐1,1’‐binaphthyl with arylboronic acids, which proceeds through Suzuki coupling followed by intramolecular arylation by C−H activation. Substrate screening examining over 30 meta‐ and/or para‐substituted arylboronic acids showed that this approach provides the desired helicene products most effectively if arylboronic acids have a small acidifying group at the meta‐position. In the case of unsymmetrically substituted arylboronic acids, the regioselectivity of C−H activation is directed by the attached group(s), its effect on the C−H acidity of the adjacent position, its coordination ability, as well as steric hindrance. Interestingly, selected [5]helicenes exhibited attractive deep blue emission with fluorescence lifetimes slightly exceeding 10 ns.
Photo‐thermo‐electric hydrogel with interlocking photothermal layer and hydrogel for enhancement of thermopower generation
Authors: Shen Jingjie , Yang Chenhui , Ma Yanli , Cao Mengnan , Gao Zifa , Wang Shuo , Li Jian , Liu Shouxin , Chen Zhijun , Li Shujun
Published: December 2023

Photothermal devices and thermoelectric cells hold great promise for energy generation but integration of the two remains a considerable challenge in real‐life power supply for sensors. Here, a novel photo‐thermo‐electric hydrogel (PTEH‐Interlocking) was constructed by the synthesis of a photothermal layer on a thermoelectric hydrogel with the redox pair Fe(CN)63−/Fe(CN)64−. The smart design of using the oxidation of pyrogallic acid by Fe(CN)63− to construct the photothermal layer for photo‐to‐heat conversion protected the redox couple of the thermogalvanic ion pair from ultraviolet damage, as well as triggered the formation of an interlocking structure at the interface of the photothermal layer and the thermoelectric hydrogel. The as‐prepared PTEH‐Interlocking has shown a high Seebeck coefficient and rapid heat transfer, boosting the photo‐thermo‐electric conversion. As a demonstration of a practical application, the PTEH‐Interlocking cells are successfully used as the energy supply for a mechanical sensor.

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The role of self‐reliance and denial in the help‐seeking process for eating disorders among university students
Authors: Fabry Esme , Fassnacht Daniel B. , Ford Rachael , Burns Nicholas R. , O'Shea Anne E. , Ali Kathina
Published: December 2023

Objective

This study investigated how self‐reliance and denial influence the relationship between help‐seeking attitudes and behaviour.

Method

Australian university students (N = 406) completed an online survey and females with elevated eating disorder (ED) concerns and high impairment were included in the study (N = 137). Participants completed measures of help‐seeking attitudes, perceived barriers, and actual help‐seeking behaviour. Via moderated logistic regression, we examined self‐reliance and denial as perceived barriers to help‐seeking.

Results

Of the total sample, over 33.7% of university students reported substantial ED concerns and impairment of whom 65.0% believed they needed help. While a majority reported that help‐seeking would be useful (85.4%), only a minority of participants had sought professional help for their concerns (38.7%). Self‐reliance and denial were frequently endorsed barriers and moderated the relationship between help‐seeking attitudes and behaviours.

Conclusion

ED concerns are common among university students and perceived barriers play a moderating role between attitudes and help‐seeking. Future prevention and early intervention programs should address students' denial, while the importance of reaching out for professional help (rather than relying on themselves) could be highlighted with peer support.
Ready to learn from your students? Chinese undergraduate students' experiences of informal reverse mentoring
Authors: Hu Yanjuan , Zhou Zixi
Published: December 2023

This study explores the potential of reverse mentoring as a way to renew the student–supervisor relationship in the Chinese higher education setting. We interviewed 17 Chinese undergraduates who engaged in informal reverse mentoring with their supervisors while working on undergraduate research projects. The findings reveal the existence of informal reverse mentoring dynamics between Chinese undergraduate students and their supervisors in three specific areas: (1) students provide fresh perspectives and expand their supervisors' ideas; (2) students actively introduce new research tools and techniques to their supervisors; and (3) students challenge their supervisors' viewpoints, including identifying their mistakes. Our study also shows that informal reverse mentoring benefits supervisors primarily through enhanced professional development and benefits students through increased sense of fulfillment, self‐confidence, and engagement. The analysis further identifies several personal and contextual factors that influence the practice of informal reverse mentoring. We also discuss the potential of (informal) reverse mentoring as a tool for intergenerational learning and the key role of the supervisor as a change agent to innovate their interaction style with Generation Z students.
The association between counselor ratings of working alliance and in‐session empathy among sex offender counselors
Authors: Carrola Paul A. , Johnson David A. , Santana Michelle , Gromulska Zuzanna
Published: December 2023

Factors such as the therapeutic relationship and working alliance have been shown to be important predictors for client outcomes in broad counseling settings with diverse client populations. The present study used linear multiple regression analysis to explore how relational factors such as in‐session empathy and mindfulness impact working alliance when providing sex offender counseling. Results from sex offender counselor participants (N = 109) showed that the perspective taking aspect of empathy was most impactful on working alliance and that in‐session mindfulness was less impactful on working alliance.
Magnetic field‐aligned proton exchange membranes: A review of progress and challenges in the fuel cell applications
Authors: Sean Nor Arbani , Nur Hadi , Abdul Razak Fazira Ilyana , Dasna I. Wayan , Md Yusop Abdul Hakim
Published: December 2023

Background

The well‐aligned proton exchange membrane (PEM) developed through magnetic field treatment has had a significant impact on the chemistry community related to fuel cell technologies. This is because it possesses advanced proton transport properties that can be efficiently utilized in energy storage devices. The aligned membrane boasts exceptional proton conductivity and power density, particularly in hydrogen‐oxygen fuel cell applications, due to its short proton conduction path, low dependency on humidity, and high barrier to gas permeability. These characteristics can enhance the performance of the aligned PEM.

Methods

This review outlines various methods for fabricating aligned membranes using a magnetic field. It summarizes the previous and current research and development aimed at improving the properties of the aligned PEM for fuel cell applications.

Significant Findings

Several research gaps and challenges in enhancing the performance of magnetic field‐aligned PEM have been identified in this review, suggesting promising avenues for future research.
Palladium‐catalyzed dual C–H activation of N‐phenyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamides for the synthesis of 5,11‐dihydro‐6H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐6‐ones
Authors: Chen Jiun‐Hong , Huang Jiann‐Jyh , Wu Ming‐Jung
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we report a palladium‐catalyzed dual C–H activation of N‐phenyl‐1H‐indole‐3‐carboxamides for the synthesis of 5,11‐dihydro‐6H‐indolo[3,2‐c]quinolin‐6‐ones. The optimal reaction conditions were to use 20 mol % of Pd(TFA)2 as the catalyst, 2.0 equivalents of Cu(OAc)2 as the oxidant, 1.0 equivalent of K3PO4 as the base, and 3.0 equivalents of PivOH as the additive in DMF/dioxane (1: 9). When carried out at 120 °C for 24 h, the reaction could provide nineteen target indoloquinolinones in modest to excellent yields, including the N,N′‐dimethylated and N,N′‐unsubstituted products which are inaccessible by the reported C–H activation methodologies. The dual C–H activation reaction was also applicable to N‐phenyl‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxamides and formed the corresponding 5,7‐dihydro‐6H‐indolo[2,3‐c]quinolin‐6‐ones. A plausible reaction mechanism based on the data from the control experiments and the literatures was proposed to account for the transformation.