bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Golden Hull: A Potential Biomarker for Assessing Seed Aging Tolerance in Rice
Authors: Ye Jing , Wang Chengjing , Chen Ling , Zhai Rongrong , Wu Mingming , Lu Yanting , Yu Faming , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhu Guofu , Ye Shenghai
Published: October 2024

Seed aging is a complex process that involves various physiological and biochemical changes leading to a decline in seed viability during storage. However, the specific biomarkers for assessing the degree of seed aging in rice remain elusive. In this study, we isolated a golden hull mutant, gh15, from the indica rice Z15 by employing a radiation mutagenesis technique. Compared with the wild type (WT) Z15, the mutant gh15 displayed a golden hue in the hull, stem, and internodes, while no significant differences were observed in the key agronomic traits. A genetic analysis showed that the gh15 phenotype is regulated by a single recessive gene, which possibly encodes cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase OsCAD2. Significant differences of seed aging tolerance were observed between gh15 and WT after six months of natural storage and artificial aging treatment, with gh15 exhibiting a markedly lower aging tolerance compared to the WT. Haplotype assays indicated that the Hap2 of OsCAD2 was significantly associated with the dark coloration of the hull and lower seed aging tolerance. The molecular marker of OsCAD2 associated with seed color was explored in rice. These findings demonstrate that the golden hull serves as a potential biomarker for the rapid assessment of seed aging tolerance in rice.
Impact of Transition from Natural Grasslands Steppe to Monoculture Artificial Grasslands on Soil Food Webs in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Zhou Huakun , Xue Sha
Published: October 2024

Addressing the imbalance of the livestock–forage–environment system on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), the extensive replacement of natural grasslands with artificial grasslands has been pursued to enhance forage yield and quality. Recognizing their pivotal role in soil ecology, soil nematodes serve as sensitive indicators of the soil ecosystem structure and function. In this context, we embarked on a field investigation aimed at discerning the impact of varying artificial grasslands on soil nematode communities and food webs, with the intent of identifying an optimal forage species through the lens of soil nematode dynamics in the temperate steppe of the QTP. Our findings indicate that artificial grasslands, on the whole, tend to augment the soil nematode diversity—as reflected in the increased Margalef richness—and modify the community structure. Notable enhancements were observed in the abundance of bacterivores and omnivores, the fungivore and omnivore biomass carbon, and the connectance within fungal and bacterial channels. Specific insights reveal that grasslands established with Elymus nutans and Elymus sinosubmuticus notably boost the Margalef richness, omnivore biomass carbon, and both functional and structural metabolic footprints, with E. sinosubmuticus grasslands uniquely elevating the fungal channel connectivity. Elymus sibiricus grasslands, in particular, were associated with increased fungivore biomass carbon and metabolic footprints, as well as increased connectance in fungal and omnivore–predator channels. In summation, E. sibiricus, E. nutans, and E. sinosubmuticus emerge as superior choices for artificial grassland cultivation on the QTP, as suggested by soil nematode indicators. The adoption of mixed-species sowing incorporating these three candidates potentially offers enhanced benefits to the soil food web, although this hypothesis warrants further investigation.
Inversion of Crop Water Content Using Multispectral Data and Machine Learning Algorithms in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhang Zhenghao , Dou Gensheng , Zhao Xin , Gao Yang , Liu Saisai , Qin Anzhen
Published: October 2024

(1) Background: Accurate inversion of crop water content is key to making an intelligent irrigation decision. However, little effort has been devoted to accurately estimating the crop water content of winter wheat in the North China Plain. (2) Method: The crop water content of winter wheat was measured at jointing, flowering and grain-filling stages, respectively. UAV-based multispectral remote sensing images were used to calculate thirteen vegetation indices, including SAVI, EVI, R-M, NDRE, OSAVI, GOSAVI, REOSAVI, GBNDVI, NDVI, RVI, DVI, GNDVI, and TVI. Five machine learning (ML) algorithms (i.e., MLR, RF, PLSR, ElasticNet, and ridge regression) were adopted to estimate the crop water content of winter wheat at the three growth stages. The benchmark datasets, which include CWC as well as vegetation indices calculated based on spectral indices, were adopted to validate the performance of the ML models. (3) Results: The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.64 to 0.82 at different growth stages. The optimal vegetation indices were GNDVI for the jointing stage, NDRE for the flowering and the grain-filling stage, respectively. Among the five machine learning methods, random forest (RF) showed the best performance across the three growth stages, with its coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.80, or an increase by 20.1% than those of other models. In addition, the RMSE and RPD of the RF model at the flowering stage were 3.00% and 2.01, which significantly outperformed other models and growth stages. (4) Conclusion: This study may provide theoretical support and technical guidance for monitoring current water status in wheat crops, which is useful to develop a precise irrigation prescription map for local farmers. (5) Limitation: The main limitation of this study is that the sample size is relatively small and may not fully reflect the characteristics of the target groups. At the same time, subjectivity and bias may exist in the data collection, which may have a certain impact on the accuracy of the results. Future studies could consider expanding sample sizes and improving data collection methods to overcome these limitations.
Map Construction and Positioning Method for LiDAR SLAM-Based Navigation of an Agricultural Field Inspection Robot
Authors: Qu Jiwei , Qiu Zhinuo , Li Lanyu , Guo Kangquan , Li Dan
Published: October 2024

In agricultural field inspection robots, constructing accurate environmental maps and achieving precise localization are essential for effective Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) navigation. However, navigating in occluded environments, such as mapping distortion and substantial cumulative errors, presents challenges. Although current filter-based algorithms and graph optimization-based algorithms are exceptionally outstanding, they exhibit a high degree of complexity. This paper aims to investigate precise mapping and localization methods for robots, facilitating accurate LiDAR SLAM navigation in agricultural environments characterized by occlusions. Initially, a LiDAR SLAM point cloud mapping scheme is proposed based on the LiDAR Odometry And Mapping (LOAM) framework, tailored to the operational requirements of the robot. Then, the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP) is employed for map optimization. This approach simplifies the map optimization process for autonomous navigation systems and aids in converting the Costmap. Finally, the Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) method is implemented for the robot’s positioning, using sensor data from the robot. Experimental results highlight that during outdoor navigation tests, when the robot operates at a speed of 1.6 m/s, the average error between the mapped values and actual measurements is 0.205 m. The results demonstrate that our method effectively prevents navigation mapping distortion and facilitates reliable robot positioning in experimental settings.
Productive, Morphological and Nutritional Indicators of Cactus Pear in a Semiarid Region
Authors: do Nascimento Daniel Bezerra , Magalhães André Luiz Rodrigues , de Araújo Gherman Garcia Leal , da Rocha Alexandre Tavares , Oliveira Getúlio Figueiredo de , de Macedo Amélia , Araújo Cleyton de Almeida , Nagahama Hideo de Jesus , da Silva Thieres George Freire , Turco Silvia Helena Nogueira , Souza Rayanne Thalita de Almeida , Gois Glayciane Costa , Campos Fleming Sena
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irrigation depths (IDs) with brackish water and levels of organic fertilizer (OF) on the morphological aspects, production, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of cactus pear grown in a semiarid region. This experiment was conducted in an area already established for 2 years with cactus pear [Opuntia stricta (Haw.)] and started 18 months after the standardization cut. This was a 5 × 4 factorial design of five irrigation depths (0, 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50% evapotranspiration—ETo) and four levels of organic fertilizer (0, 15, 30, and 45 megagram per hectare—Mg/ha), with four replications. The water used in the experiment was classified with high salinity and low sodium content (C3S1), and presented an electrical conductivity of 1.73 dS/m. There was no effect of the ID × OF interaction on the morphological and productive characteristics of cactus pear (p > 0.05); however, the ID × OF interaction promoted effects on ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent insoluble protein, neutral detergent insoluble ash, total carbohydrates and non-fiber carbohydrates (p < 0.05). The ID and OF levels separately influenced the productive, morphological and nutritional characteristics of cactus pear. Under experimental conditions, we recommend the use of organic fertilizer at a level up to 45 Mg/ha, which is associated with the use of lower brackish water levels for the cultivation of cactus pear. This study’s findings provide new insights into reducing the use of potable water in crop irrigation for dryland regions and other regions.
Green Light Drives Embryonic Photosynthesis and Protein Accumulation in Cotyledons of Developing Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds
Authors: Stepanova Nataliia , Tarakhovskaya Elena , Soboleva Alena , Orlova Anastasia , Basnet Aditi , Smolenskaya Anastasia , Frolova Nadezhda , Bilova Tatiana , Kamionskaya Anastasia , Frolov Andrej , Medvedev Sergei , Smolikova Galina
Published: October 2024

Photosynthesis is a vital process for seed productivity. It occurs in the leaves and provides developing seeds with the necessary nutrients. Moreover, many crops require photochemical reactions inside the seeds for proper development. The present study aimed to investigate Pisum sativum L. seeds at the middle stage of maturation, which is characterized by the active synthesis of nutrient reserves. Embryonic photosynthesis represents a crucial process to produce cells’ NADP(H) and ATP, which are necessary to convert sucrose into reserve biopolymers. However, it remains unclear how the pea embryo, covered by a coat and pericarp, receives sufficient light to provide energy for photochemical reactions. Recent studies have demonstrated that the photosynthetically active radiation reaching the developing pea embryo has a high proportion of green light. In addition, green light can be utilized in foliar photosynthesis by plants cultivated in shaded conditions. Here, we addressed the role of green light in seed development. Pea plants were cultivated under red and blue (RB) LEDs or red, green, and blue (RGB) LEDs. A Chl a fluorescence transient based on OJIP kinetics was detected at the periphery of the cotyledons isolated from developing seeds. Our findings showed that the addition of green light resulted in an increase in photochemical activity. Furthermore, the mature seeds that developed in the RGB module had a significantly higher weight and more storage proteins. Using a metabolomics approach, we also detected significant differences in the levels of organic acids, carbohydrates, nucleotide monophosphates, and nitrogenous substances between the RB and RGB conditions. Under RGB light, the cotyledons contained more ornithine, tryptophan, arginine, and aspartic acid. These changes indicate an impact of green light on the ornithine–urea cycle and polyamine biosynthesis. These results allow for a deeper understanding of the photochemical processes in embryos of developing seeds grown under a low light intensity. The photosynthetic system in the embryo cell adapts to the shade conditions by using green light.
Lactobacillus Eats Amyloid Plaque and Post-Biotically Attenuates Senescence Due to Repeat Expansion Disorder and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tyagi Suresh C.
Published: October 2024

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD) are faced with a formidable challenge of focal amyloid deposits and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The treatment of amyloid deposits in ADRD by targeting only oxidative stress, inflammation and hyperlipidemia has not yielded significant positive clinical outcomes. The chronic high-fat diet (HFD), or gut dysbiosis, is one of the major contributors of ADRD in part by disrupted transport, epigenetic DNMT1 and the folate 1-carbon metabolism (FOCM) cycle, i.e., rhythmic methylation/de-methylation on DNA, an active part of epigenetic memory during genes turning off and on by the gene writer (DNMT1) and eraser (TET2/FTO) and the transsulfuration pathway by mitochondrial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfur transferase (3MST)-producing H2S. The repeat CAG expansion and m6A disorder causes senescence and AD. We aim to target the paradigm-shift pathway of the gut–brain microbiome axis that selectively inhibits amyloid deposits and increases mitochondrial transsulfuration and H2S. We have observed an increase in DNMT1 and decreased FTO levels in the cortex of the brain of AD mice. Interestingly, we also observed that probiotic lactobacillus-producing post-biotic folate and lactone/ketone effectively prevented FOCM-associated gut dysbiosis and amyloid deposits. The s-adenosine-methionine (SAM) transporter (SLC25A) was increased by hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Thus, we hypothesize that chronic gut dysbiosis induces SLC25A, the gene writer, and HHcy, and decreases the gene eraser, leading to a decrease in SLC7A and mitochondrial transsulfuration H2S production and bioenergetics. Lactobacillus engulfs lipids/cholesterol and a tri-directional post-biotic, folic acid (an antioxidant and inhibitor of beta amyloid deposits; reduces Hcy levels), and the lactate ketone body (fuel for mitochondria) producer increases SLC7A and H2S (an antioxidant, potent vasodilator and neurotransmitter gas) production and inhibits amyloid deposits. Therefore, it is important to discuss whether lactobacillus downregulates SLC25A and DNMT1 and upregulates TET2/FTO, inhibiting β-amyloid deposits by lowering homocysteine. It is also important to discuss whether lactobacillus upregulates SLC7A and inhibits β-amyloid deposits by increasing the mitochondrial transsulfuration of H2S production.
A Novel Paraffin Wax/Expanded Graphite/Bacterial Cellulose Powder Phase Change Materials for the Dependable Battery Safety Management
Authors: Zhao Jiajun , Chen Yin , Gong Yan , Chen Mingyi
Published: October 2024

Although phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit effective performance in the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), their development is limited by low thermal conductivity and susceptibility to leakage during the solid–liquid phase transition. To address these challenges and enhance thermal management capabilities, this study introduces a novel composite phase change material (CPCM) synthesized by physically mixing paraffin (PA), expanded graphite (EG), and bacterial cellulose (BC). The thermal performance of CPCMs with varying BC proportions is evaluated, and their impact on temperature control in battery thermal management systems (BTMS) is assessed. The results show that the addition of EG and BC significantly improves the thermal conductivity of the CPCM, reaching a value of 1.39 W·m−1·K−1. This also enhances the uniformity of temperature distribution within the battery module and reduces CPCM leakage. By comparing temperature variations within the battery module under different operating conditions, it was found that the intricate network structure of the CPCM promotes uniform temperature distribution, effectively mitigating temperature rise. Consequently, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference within the battery module were maintained below 47 °C and 4 °C, respectively. Compared to a system without phase change material at a 3C discharge rate, the maximum cell temperature, maximum module temperature, and maximum temperature difference were reduced by 32.38%, 26.92%, and 34.94%, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of BTMS.
A Hybrid Ensemble Approach for Greek Text Classification Based on Multilingual Models
Authors: Liapis Charalampos M. , Kyritsis Konstantinos , Perikos Isidoros , Spatiotis Nikolaos , Paraskevas Michael
Published: October 2024

The present study explores the field of text classification in the Greek language. A novel ensemble classification scheme based on generated embeddings from Greek text made by the multilingual capabilities of the E5 model is presented. Our approach incorporates partial transfer learning by using pre-trained models to extract embeddings, enabling the evaluation of classical classifiers on Greek data. Additionally, we enhance the predictive capability while maintaining the costs low by employing a soft voting combination scheme that exploits the strengths of XGBoost, K-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression. This method significantly improves all classification metrics, demonstrating the superiority of ensemble techniques in handling the complexity of Greek textual data. Our study contributes to the field of natural language processing by proposing an effective ensemble framework for the categorization of Greek texts, leveraging the advantages of both traditional and modern machine learning techniques. This framework has the potential to be applied to other less-resourced languages, thereby broadening the impact of our research beyond Greek language processing.
Diseased Tendon Models Demonstrate Influence of Extracellular Matrix Alterations on Extracellular Vesicle Profile
Authors: Shama Kariman A. , Greenberg Zachary Franklin , Tammame Chadine , He Mei , Taylor Brittany L.
Published: October 2024

Tendons enable movement through their highly aligned extracellular matrix (ECM), predominantly composed of collagen I. Tendinopathies disrupt the structural integrity of tendons by causing fragmentation of collagen fibers, disorganization of fiber bundles, and an increase in glycosaminoglycans and microvasculature, thereby driving the apparent biomechanical and regenerative capacity in patients. Moreover, the complex cellular communication within the tendon microenvironment ultimately dictates the fate between healthy and diseased tendon, wherein extracellular vesicles (EVs) may facilitate the tendon’s fate by transporting biomolecules within the tissue. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how the EV functionality is altered in the context of tendon microenvironments by using polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds mimicking healthy and pathological tendon matrices. Scaffolds were characterized for fiber alignment, mechanical properties, and cellular activity. EVs were isolated and analyzed for concentration, heterogeneity, and protein content. Our results show that our mimicked healthy tendon led to an increase in EV secretion and baseline metabolic activity over the mimicked diseased tendon, where reduced EV secretion and a significant increase in metabolic activity over 5 days were observed. These findings suggest that scaffold mechanics may influence EV functionality, offering insights into tendon homeostasis. Future research should further investigate how EV cargo affects the tendon’s microenvironment.
Alternative Splicing of the Last TKFC Intron Yields Transcripts Differentially Expressed in Human Tissues That Code In Vitro for a Protein Devoid of Triokinase and FMN Cyclase Activity
Authors: Costas María Jesús , Couto Ana , Cabezas Alicia , Pinto Rosa María , Ribeiro João Meireles , Cameselle José Carlos
Published: October 2024

The 18-exon human TKFC gene codes for dual-activity triokinase and FMN cyclase (TKFC) in an ORF, spanning from exon 2 to exon 18. In addition to TKFC-coding transcripts (classified as tkfc type by their intron-17 splice), databases contain evidence for alternative TKFC transcripts, but none of them has been expressed, studied, and reported in the literature. A novel full-ORF transcript was cloned from brain cDNA and sequenced (accession no. DQ344550). It results from an alternative 3′ splice-site in intron 17. The cloned cDNA contains an ORF also spanning from exon 2 to exon 18 of the TKFC gene but with a 56-nt insertion between exons 17 and 18 (classified as tkfc_ins56 type). This insertion introduces an in-frame stop, and the resulting ORF codes for a shorter TKFC variant, which, after expression, is enzymatically inactive. TKFC intron-17 splicing was found to be differentially expressed in human tissues. In a multiple-tissue northern blot using oligonucleotide probes, the liver showed a strong expression of the tkfc-like splice of intron 17, and the heart preferentially expressed the tkfc_ins56-like splice. Through a comparison to global expression data from massive-expression studies of human tissues, it was inferred that the intestine preferentially expresses TKFC transcripts that contain neither of those splices. An analysis of transcript levels quantified by RNA-Seq in the GTEX database revealed an exception to this picture due to the occurrence of a non-coding short transcript with a tkfc-like splice. Altogether, the results support the occurrence of potentially relevant transcript variants of the TKFC gene, differentially expressed in human tissues. (This work is dedicated in memoriam to Professor Antonio Sillero, 1938–2024, for his lifelong mentoring and his pioneering work on triokinase).
Selective Inhibition of Deamidated Triosephosphate Isomerase by Disulfiram, Curcumin, and Sodium Dichloroacetate: Synergistic Therapeutic Strategies for T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Jurkat Cells
Authors: Flores-López Luis A. , De la Mora-De la Mora Ignacio , Malagón-Reyes Claudia M. , García-Torres Itzhel , Martínez-Pérez Yoalli , López-Herrera Gabriela , Hernández-Alcántara Gloria , León-Avila Gloria , López-Velázquez Gabriel , Olaya-Vargas Alberto , Gómez-Manzo Saúl , Enríquez-Flores Sergio
Published: October 2024

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a challenging childhood cancer to treat, with limited therapeutic options and high relapse rates. This study explores deamidated triosephosphate isomerase (dTPI) as a novel therapeutic target. We hypothesized that selectively inhibiting dTPI could reduce T-ALL cell viability without affecting normal T lymphocytes. Computational modeling and recombinant enzyme assays revealed that disulfiram (DS) and curcumin (CU) selectively bind and inhibit dTPI activity without affecting the non-deamidated enzyme. At the cellular level, treatment with DS and CU significantly reduced Jurkat T-ALL cell viability and endogenous TPI enzymatic activity, with no effect on normal T lymphocytes, whereas the combination of sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) with DS or CU showed synergistic effects. Furthermore, we demonstrated that dTPI was present and accumulated only in Jurkat cells, confirming our hypothesis. Finally, flow cytometry confirmed apoptosis in Jurkat cells after treatment with DS and CU or their combination with DCA. These findings strongly suggest that targeting dTPI represents a promising and selective target for T-ALL therapy.
FUS::DDIT3 Fusion Protein in the Development of Myxoid Liposarcoma and Possible Implications for Therapy
Authors: Hou Xutong , Shi Wenjin , Luo Wenxin , Luo Yuwen , Huang Xuelin , Li Jing , Ji Ning , Chen Qianming
Published: October 2024

The FUS::DDIT3 fusion protein, formed by the chromosomal translocation t (12;16) (q13;p11), is found in over 90% of myxoid liposarcoma (MLS) cases and is a crucial protein in its development. Many studies have explored the role of FUS::DDIT3 in MLS, and the prevailing view is that FUS::DDIT3 inhibits adipocyte differentiation and promotes MLS growth and invasive migration by functioning as an aberrant transcription factor that affects gene expression and regulates its downstream molecules. As fusion proteins are gradually showing their potential as targets for precision cancer therapy, FUS::DDIT3 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target. Drugs that target FUS::DDIT3 and its downstream molecules for treating MLS are widely utilized in both clinical practice and experimental studies, and some of them have demonstrated promising results. This article reviews the findings of relevant research, providing an overview of the oncogenic mechanisms of the FUS::DDIT3 fusion protein in MLS, as well as recent advancements in its therapy.
Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Retinal Detachment Due to Acute Retinal Necrosis: A Case Series
Authors: Iannetti Ludovico , Visioli Giacomo , Alisi Ludovico , Armentano Marta , Pirraglia Maria Pia , Accorinti Massimo , Di Martino Valerio , Gharbiya Magda
Published: October 2024

Objectives: To evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional prognosis of patients with retinal detachment (RD) secondary to acute retinal necrosis (ARN) treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Methods: This retrospective case series included 21 eyes from 21 patients with RD secondary to ARN. The study analyzed vitreous or aqueous biopsy results, the impact of antiviral therapy, time to retinal detachment, changes in visual acuity (VA), and anatomical and surgical outcomes. All cases underwent 23-gauge PPV with silicone oil tamponade, and an episcleral encircling band was used in 11 cases. All patients received systemic antiviral therapy at diagnosis. Results: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 91% of cases during follow-up, with an average follow-up period of 39.5 ± 36.8 months. The average time from ARN diagnosis to RD onset was 33.3 ± 27.5 days. VZV was detected in 10 eyes through PCR analysis. Significant differences in visual prognosis were found between macula-off and macula-on RD (p = 0.048). Eyes with optic nerve head inflammation had worse final VA (p = 0.010). No significant difference was observed between preoperative VA and VA at the end of follow-up (p = 0.665). Conclusions: VZV was the primary virus associated with ARN-related RD. Early involvement of the macula and optic nerve in retinitis negatively impacted the final visual prognosis.
Segmentation-Free Estimation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Using 3D CNN Is Reliable and Improves as Multiple Cardiac MRI Cine Orientations Are Combined
Authors: Germain Philippe , Labani Aissam , Vardazaryan Armine , Padoy Nicolas , Roy Catherine , El Ghannudi Soraya
Published: October 2024

Objectives: We aimed to study classical, publicly available convolutional neural networks (3D-CNNs) using a combination of several cine-MR orientation planes for the estimation of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) without contour tracing. Methods: Cine-MR examinations carried out on 1082 patients from our institution were analysed by comparing the LVEF provided by the CVI42 software (V5.9.3) with the estimation resulting from different 3D-CNN models and various combinations of long- and short-axis orientation planes. Results: The 3D-Resnet18 architecture appeared to be the most favourable, and the results gradually and significantly improved as several long-axis and short-axis planes were combined. Simply pasting multiple orientation views into composite frames increased performance. Optimal results were obtained by pasting two long-axis views and six short-axis views. The best configuration provided an R2 = 0.83, a mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.97, and a root mean square error (RMSE) = 6.29; the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the classification of LVEF < 40% was 0.99, and for the classification of LVEF > 60%, the AUC was 0.97. Internal validation performed on 149 additional patients after model training provided very similar results (MAE 4.98). External validation carried out on 62 patients from another institution showed an MAE of 6.59. Our results in this area are among the most promising obtained to date using CNNs with cardiac magnetic resonance. Conclusion: (1) The use of traditional 3D-CNNs and a combination of multiple orientation planes is capable of estimating LVEF from cine-MRI data without segmenting ventricular contours, with a reliability similar to that of traditional methods. (2) Performance significantly improves as the number of orientation planes increases, providing a more complete view of the left ventricle.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Fetal Growth Restriction: Do Not Forget to Consider Fetal Sex and Subcellular Compartmentation
Authors: Peyter Anne-Christine , Baud David , Tolsa Jean-François
Published: October 2024

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, associated with major perinatal mortality and morbidity, and with an increased risk to develop cardiometabolic diseases later in life. There is currently no effective approach to prevent or treat FGR, despite numerous animal and human studies assessing substances likely to improve fetal growth. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors appeared as promising drugs to improve FGR management. However, to date, studies have led to somewhat disappointing or controversial results. In this Opinion article, we would like to draw attention to the need to consider the biological sex and the relative reactivity of human umbilical vein and arteries when developing therapeutic interventions to improve human umbilical circulation using PDE inhibitors. Indeed, we suspect that fetal sex, vessel type and the presence of FGR may influence subcellular compartmentation, which could jeopardize beneficial effects of PDE inhibitors.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Head and Neck Cancers: A Paradigm Shift in Treatment Approach
Authors: Zotta Alessia , Marciano Maria Luisa , Sabbatino Francesco , Ottaiano Alessandro , Cascella Marco , Pontone Monica , Montano Massimo , Calogero Ester , Longo Francesco , Fasano Morena , Troiani Teresa , Ciardiello Fortunato , Rampetta Fabiana Raffaella , Salzano Giovanni , Dell’Aversana Orabona Giovanni , Califano Luigi , Ionna Franco , Perri Francesco
Published: October 2024

Checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated substantial efficacy in the treatment of numerous solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. Their inclusion in the therapeutic paradigm in metastatic lines of treatment has certainly improved the outcomes of these patients. Starting from this assumption, numerous studies have been conducted on ICIs in other earlier disease settings, including studies conducted in patients in neoadjuvant settings. However, how many and which studies are truly significant? Can they lay concrete foundations for further future studies and therefore allow us to continue to have this interesting future perspective? Through a review of the existing literature, coupled with insights gleaned from clinical practice and from the main recently published studies, we aim to examine the therapeutic potential of ICIs in patients affected by head and neck cancer in a neoadjuvant treatment setting and encourage researchers to set up successful future clinical trials.
Association of Senescence Markers with Age and Allograft Rejection in Renal Transplant Recipients
Authors: Vavrinec Peter , Krivy Jakub , Sykorova Sona , Bandzuchova Helena , Zilinska Zuzana , Vavrincova-Yaghi Diana
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage renal disease. In the last decade, the number of older renal transplant recipients has significantly increased. However, these patients are at a higher risk of developing post-transplant complications. Therefore, identifying the suitable biomarkers to predict which older patients are at risk of complications is crucial. Cellular senescence could provide insights into the increased vulnerability in this population and guide personalized post-transplant care. Methods: This preliminary study involved biopsies from 25 patients with renal allograft rejection and 18 patients without rejection, further divided into older (50–65 years) and younger (29–40 years) groups. Biopsies were collected at different time points after transplantation, and rejection was classified according to the histological Banff 07 criteria. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for the markers of cellular senescence, p27kip1 and p16INK4a, was performed. Results: We observed that the number of p27kip1-positive glomeruli was higher in the older patients with rejection compared to the younger patients with rejection, and a similar pattern was found in the patients without rejection. However, the number of p27kip1-positive tubules was higher in the older patients with rejection compared to the younger patients with rejection, as well as compared to both the older and younger patients without rejection. Tubular p16INK4a expression was not significantly different in the older patients with rejection compared to the younger patients with rejection, and the same pattern was observed in the patients without rejection. However, it was increased in the older patients with rejection in comparison to the older patients without rejection. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest the strong potential of both p16INK4a and p27kip1 as biomarkers of renal graft rejection, particularly in older renal transplant recipients.
A Mesoscopic Approach for the Numerical Simulation of a Mass Concrete Structure Construction Using Post-Cooling Systems
Authors: Fraga Igor A. , Silva Ana B. C. G. , Fairbairn Eduardo M. R.
Published: October 2024

This study introduces an innovative numerical approach to simulate the construction of large concrete structures incorporating post-cooling systems employing the finite element method (FEM). The proposed methodology integrates critical construction parameters, including temperature control mechanisms, while accounting for concrete hydration and environmental conditions. Compared to traditional discrete models, this approach provides similar accuracy with substantially reduced computational costs, enhancing predictive capabilities in the thermal analysis of mass concrete. The method was applied to simulate the construction of a water intake pillar at the Tocoma hydroelectric plant in Venezuela, where the simulated results closely matched in situ temperature measurements. The findings highlight the method’s efficiency and accuracy in simulating post-cooling systems, offering a practical solution for improving the safety and cost-effectiveness in large-scale concrete construction projects.
A Method for the Coefficient Superposition Buckling Bearing Capacity of Thin-Walled Members
Authors: Xu Bing , Wang Lang , Liu Qin , Wang Rui , Kong Bing , Xu Bo
Published: October 2024

Axial compression tests were conducted on short rhombic tubes of different cross-sectional shapes. The deformation modes of the rhombic short tubes were obtained. To induce a finite element model with deformation modes consistent with the actual working conditions, buckling modes are introduced into the model as the initial imperfections of the structure. However, the buckling modes resulting from finite element buckling analyses often do not meet the needs of actual crushing modes. A coefficient superposition method of solution is proposed to derive modal characteristics consistent with the actual deformation modes by linear superposition of the buckling modes. Through the study of three aspects of theory, test, and simulation, and the comparison and verification of this method with the simulation results of related literature, the results show that the indexes derived from this method are closer to the actual circumstances and are more expandable, which provides a reference for the project.
A Bibliometric Analysis and Review on Applications of Industrial By-Products in Asphalt Mixtures for Sustainable Road Construction
Authors: Alnadish Adham Mohammed , Bangalore Ramu Madhusudhan , Kasim Narimah , Alawag Aawag Mohsen , Baarimah Abdullah O.
Published: October 2024

The growing consumption of natural resources to meet the needs of road construction has become a significant challenge to environmental sustainability. Additionally, the increase in industrial by-products has raised global concerns due to their environmental impacts. The utilization of industrial by-products in asphalt mixtures offers an effective solution for promoting sustainable practices. The objective of this article is to conduct a bibliometric analysis and citation-based review to characterize and analyze the scientific literature on the use of steel slag aggregates, copper slag, phosphorus slag, bottom ash, fly ash, red mud, silica fume, and foundry sand in asphalt mixtures. Another aim is to identify research gaps and propose recommendations for future studies. The bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer software version 1.6.18, focusing on authors, co-authorship, bibliographic coupling, and countries. A total of 909 articles were selected for the bibliometric analysis. The findings indicate that more effort is needed to expand the application of industrial by-products in asphalt mixtures. Furthermore, these by-products should be utilized in different types of asphalt mixtures. The incorporation of industrial by-products into asphalt mixes also requires field validation and further laboratory investigations, particularly concerning aging and moisture resistance. In addition, the effects of chemical reactions involving industrial by-products on the long-term performance of asphalt layers should be evaluated. Finally, this article encourages engineers and researchers to intensify their efforts in utilizing industrial by-products for environmental sustainability.
Spatial and Temporal Evolution and Conservation Significance of Traditional Villages in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Guo Yanlong , Rao Jiayi , Huang Jie , Zhu Yelin
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, “ancient villages” are communities that date back to a previous era, possess abundant traditional resources, and hold significant historical, social, cultural, ecological, and economic significance. This study examines the geographical and chronological development of 2957 traditional communities in the Yangtze River Basin and extensively employs GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, and historical literature review to study the evolution of the locations of traditional settlements under various factors. The study’s findings revealed that: (1) From a geographical standpoint, the traditional villages in the study area present a distribution state of “two cores, small aggregation, and many dispersions”. The two core clusters are located at the intersection of Hunan, Guizhou, and Chongqing provinces, where the natural geographical advantages attracted people from different dynasties to settle here. (2) From a temporal perspective, the quantity of traditional villages shows a growing trend, and the distribution center of each dynasty shows an east–west direction. Among them, the shift from the Song to the Yuan dynasties marked the period of greatest change in village distribution, which originated from the Song Dynasty’s quick economic growth. In addition, the village distribution was clustered in the eastern part of the country, adapting to the needs of commercial trade. When the Song Dynasty fell, the society was in turmoil, and the villages were transferred to the central region to avoid the war. The Yuan Dynasty also laid down the fundamental distribution pattern of conventional villages. (3) From the standpoint of choosing a village location, most of them are distributed in mountainous, hilly, and plain regions; the gentle slopes of 0°~15° are favored by people. Sufficient water sources, abundant precipitation, and a suitable climate are also necessary choices. (4) From the perspective of driving factors, traditional village distribution in the basin is impacted by historical, cultural, social, and ecological factors. Included among these, traditional village distribution is inversely connected with socio-economic variables. Under the interaction of two factors, the distribution will be more affected. To summarize, the complex human geographic factors together create the conventional village dispersal pattern, and examining these elements holds substantial practical importance for comprehending, safeguarding, and preserving traditional villages.
Salivary Transmembrane Mucins of the MUC1 Family (CA 15-3, CA 27.29, MCA) in Breast Cancer: The Effect of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)
Authors: Dyachenko Elena I. , Bel’skaya Lyudmila V.
Published: October 2024

The MUC1 family of transmembrane glycoproteins (CA 15-3, CA 27.29, MCA) is aberrantly expressed among patients with breast cancer. Objectives: to measure the level of degradation products of MUC1, including CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and MCA, in the saliva of breast cancer patients and to describe the biochemical processes that influence their expression and the regulation of their biological functions. Methods: The case–control study included three groups (breast cancer, fibroadenomas, and healthy controls). All study participants provided saliva samples strictly before starting treatment. The levels of MUC1, including CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and MCA, free progesterone and estradiol, cytokines (MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18), and amino acids (Asp, Gln, Gly, His, Leu + Ile, Orn, Phe, Pro, Tyr) were determined. Results: It was shown that the levels of the MUC1 family in the saliva of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer were significantly lower compared to the control group. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the level of free estradiol affected the expression of MUC1. We obtained a reliable relationship between the aggressive nature of tumor growth, an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a low level of free estradiol, and the suppressed expression of salivary MUC1. Conclusions: Among patients with aggressive breast cancer, a high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a low level of free estradiol, there was an inhibition of the expression of pathologically unchanged glycoprotein MUC1 in saliva.
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Microorganism-Related Cancer
Authors: Deng Shuzhe , Yang Xinxin , He Lin , Hou Yunjing , Meng Hongxue
Published: October 2024

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid tissues formed by the accumulation of lymphocytes and other components outside lymphoid organs. They have been shown to be widespread in cancers and have predictive effects on prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy; however, there is no standardized measurement guide. This paper provides a reference for future research. Moreover, the induction strategy for the formation mechanism of TLSs is a new direction for future cancer treatment, such as cancer vaccines for microorganisms. The effects of microorganisms on cancer are dual. The role of microorganisms, including bacteria, parasites, viruses, and fungi, in promoting cancer has been widely confirmed. However, the specific mechanism of their tumor suppressor effect, particularly the promotion of TLS formation, is currently unknown. In this review, we summarize the role of TLSs in cancer related to microbial infection and provide new ideas for further understanding their mechanisms of action in cancer.
Comprehensive Analysis of Receptor Status, Histopathological Classifications (B1–B5), and Cumulative Histological Dimensions in Breast Cancer: Predictors of Malignancy and Diagnostic Implications
Authors: Burciu Oana Maria , Sas Ioan , Merce Adrian-Grigore , Cerbu Simona , Moatar Aurica Elisabeta , Eftenoiu Anca-Elena , Cobec Ionut Marcel
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Breast cancer has become one of the most serious and widespread public health concerns globally, affecting an increasing number of women—and, in rare cases, men—across the world. It is the most common cancer among women across all countries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influence of demographic factors, medical and reproductive history, diagnostic techniques, and hormone receptor status on the development and progression of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 687 female patients from Romania underwent standard breast examination techniques, including clinical breast examination, mammography, ultrasonography, and, ultimately, breast biopsy. Statistical analysis was performed using the R programming language and RStudio software. The study included a comparative analysis and a prediction analysis for malignancy and tumor size (cumulative histological dimension) through logistic and linear regression models. Results: The comparative analysis identified several variables associated with malignancy: older age (p < 0.001), non-vulnerability (p = 0.04), no daily physical activity (p = 0.002), no re-biopsy (p < 0.001), immunohistochemistry use (p < 0.001), use of larger gauge needles (p < 0.001), ultrasound-guided biopsy (p < 0.001), and vacuum biopsy (p < 0.001). The hormone receptor statuses—estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and androgen receptor (AR)—showed statistically significant differences in distribution across breast cancer B classifications. Logistic regression analysis identified ER, PR, and age as significant predictors of malignancy. Linear regression analysis revealed histopathological results, living environment, geographical region, vulnerability, prior breast examination, and the number of histological fragments as significant predictors of cumulative histological dimension. Conclusions: Our predictive models demonstrate the impact of demographic factors, medical history, diagnostic techniques, and hormone receptor status on breast cancer development and progression, accounting for a significant portion of the variance in malignancy and cumulative histological dimension.
Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor with Peritoneal Metastasis: A Review of Current Management
Authors: Hounschell Corey A. , Higginbotham Simon , Al-Kasspooles Mazin , Selby Luke V.
Published: October 2024

Peritoneal metastasis in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors poses a significant clinical challenge, with limited data guiding management strategies. We review the existing literature on surgical and systemic treatment modalities for peritoneal metastasis from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surgical interventions, including cytoreductive surgery, have shown promise in improving symptom control and overall survival—particularly in cases in which 70% cytoreduction can be achieved. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy remains controversial due to a paucity of high-level evidence and a lack of consensus for routine use. The use of systemic therapy in the setting of peritoneal metastasis from gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors is extrapolated from high-quality evidence for its use in the setting of the solid organ metastasis of this disease. The use of somatostatin analogs for symptom control and some antiproliferative effects is supported by large clinical trials. Additional strong evidence exists for the use of interferon-alpha, everolimus, and sunitinib, particularly in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Cytotoxic chemotherapy and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy may be used in select cases, though as an emerging treatment modality, the optimal sequence of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy within the existing algorithms is unknown. Significant gaps in understanding and standardized management exist, particularly for those patients presenting with peritoneal metastasis, and targeted research to optimize outcomes in this population is needed.