bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Water Disinfection Process Using Electrical Discharges
Authors: Malyushevskaya Antonina P. , Koszelnik Piotr , Mitryasova Olena , Yushchishina Anna , Mats Andrii , Papciak Dorota , Zdeb Monika Magdalena
Published: August 2024

An analysis of the physical and chemical phenomena accompanying electrical discharges is carried out, and the main factors influencing microorganisms’ abatement are studied. The similarity of the cavitation processes in water systems induced by underwater electric discharges and ultrasound is experimentally demonstrated. The characteristic features of electrical discharge in the cavitation mode, providing effective water disinfection with electric discharges with a significantly reduced amount of active chlorine, are identified in order of importance. The inactivation of microorganisms is intensified, firstly, by the generation of chemically active particles from the water medium itself, due to the integral action of the electro-discharge cavitation of the whole treated volume, and by local shock waves, acoustic flows, and ultraviolet radiation in the area near the cavitating bubbles. The main advantages of electric discharge cavitation over ultrasonic range are the wider range of high-frequency acoustic radiation inherent in an electric discharge, the high intensity and power of the cavitation processes, and the possibility of a significant increase in the volume of disinfected liquid. This study allows for a better understanding and prediction of the bacterial effects that occur during a high-voltage underwater electrical discharge.
Practices and Trends in the Prescription of Probiotics: A Detailed Analysis in an Eastern European Region
Authors: Scărlătescu Anca-Ioana (Amzăr) , Velescu Bruno Ștefan , Apetroaei Miruna-Maria , Nedea Marina Ionela (Ilie) , Udeanu Denisa Ioana , Arsene Andreea Letiția
Published: August 2024

The lack of clear prescribing protocols in the field of probiotics creates difficulties for physicians in the uniform application of these adjuvant therapies. Although there are guidelines that evaluate existing studies and provide different levels of evidence for the efficacy of probiotics, they do not offer specific prescribing strategies. The present study explores how this gap influences the prescribing behavior of physicians, analyzing the diagnoses associated with prescribed probiotics, the duration of treatment, and the associations with antibiotics. Additionally, the study addresses potential omissions in prescribing strategies, exploring discrepancies and possible errors in doctors’ recommendations. Through this research, an attempt is made to understand correctly how probiotics are integrated into treatment protocols, with the aim of improving prescribing directions and effective use in the future.
The Spatial Analysis of the Role of Green Finance in Carbon Emission Reduction
Authors: Xiao Menghan , Guo Xiaojing , Chen Gonghang , Ji Xiangfeng , Sun Wenqing
Published: August 2024

Under the “dual carbon” goal, the core issue at present is to improve the environment while ensuring economic development. As a result, green finance, that is a tool that integrates finance and environmental protection, has shown increasingly significant carbon reduction effects. With the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021 being the research object, this study employs a spatial Durbin model to examine the impact of green finance on carbon emissions and further discusses its mechanism effects. The empirical results indicate the following: firstly, the development of green finance effectively suppresses carbon emissions; secondly, by decomposing the spatial effect of green finance on carbon emissions, it is found that green finance also reduces carbon emissions in neighboring regions due to the spillover effects; finally, green finance can suppress carbon emissions through technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. Therefore, it is imperative to actively engage in practical work related to green finance, to establish a sound system for green finance, and simultaneously, to enhance cooperation among regions in terms of green finance, in order to fully leverage its role in suppressing carbon emissions.
Composite Ensemble Learning Framework for Passive Drone Radio Frequency Fingerprinting in Sixth-Generation Networks
Authors: Zahid Muhammad Usama , Nisar Muhammad Danish , Fazil Adnan , Ryu Jihyoung , Shah Maqsood Hussain
Published: August 2024

The rapid evolution of drone technology has introduced unprecedented challenges in security, particularly concerning the threat of unconventional drone and swarm attacks. In order to deal with threats, drones need to be classified by intercepting their Radio Frequency (RF) signals. With the arrival of Sixth Generation (6G) networks, it is required to develop sophisticated methods to properly categorize drone signals in order to achieve optimal resource sharing, high-security levels, and mobility management. However, deep ensemble learning has not been investigated properly in the case of 6G. It is anticipated that it will incorporate drone-based BTS and cellular networks that, in one way or another, may be subjected to jamming, intentional interferences, or other dangers from unauthorized UAVs. Thus, this study is conducted based on Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFF) of drones identified to detect unauthorized ones so that proper actions can be taken to protect the network’s security and integrity. This paper proposes a novel method—a Composite Ensemble Learning (CEL)-based neural network—for drone signal classification. The proposed method integrates wavelet-based denoising and combines automatic and manual feature extraction techniques to foster feature diversity, robustness, and performance enhancement. Through extensive experiments conducted on open-source benchmark datasets of drones, our approach demonstrates superior classification accuracies compared to recent benchmark deep learning techniques across various Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNRs). This novel approach holds promise for enhancing communication efficiency, security, and safety in 6G networks amidst the proliferation of drone-based applications.
Energy-Efficient Anomaly Detection and Chaoticity in Electric Vehicle Driving Behavior
Authors: Savran Efe , Karpat Esin , Karpat Fatih
Published: August 2024

Detection of abnormal situations in mobile systems not only provides predictions about risky situations but also has the potential to increase energy efficiency. In this study, two real-world drives of a battery electric vehicle and unsupervised hybrid anomaly detection approaches were developed. The anomaly detection performances of hybrid models created with the combination of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)-Autoencoder, the Local Outlier Factor (LOF), and the Mahalanobis distance were evaluated with the silhouette score, Davies–Bouldin index, and Calinski–Harabasz index, and the potential energy recovery rates were also determined. Two driving datasets were evaluated in terms of chaotic aspects using the Lyapunov exponent, Kolmogorov–Sinai entropy, and fractal dimension metrics. The developed hybrid models are superior to the sub-methods in anomaly detection. Hybrid Model-2 had 2.92% more successful results in anomaly detection compared to Hybrid Model-1. In terms of potential energy saving, Hybrid Model-1 provided 31.26% superiority, while Hybrid Model-2 provided 31.48%. It was also observed that there is a close relationship between anomaly and chaoticity. In the literature where cyber security and visual sources dominate in anomaly detection, a strategy was developed that provides energy efficiency-based anomaly detection and chaotic analysis from data obtained without additional sensor data.
Edge Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Wireless Smart Sensor Platforms for Railroad Bridge Impact Detection
Authors: Lawal Omobolaji , Veluthedath Shajihan Shaik Althaf , Mechitov Kirill , Spencer Billie F.
Published: August 2024

Of the 100,000 railroad bridges in the United States, 50% are over 100 years old. Many of these bridges do not meet the minimum vertical clearance standards, making them susceptible to impact from over-height vehicles. The impact can cause structural damage and unwanted disruption to railroad bridge services; rapid notification of the railroad authorities is crucial to ensure that the bridges are safe for continued use and to affect timely repairs. Therefore, researchers have developed approaches to identify these impacts on railroad bridges. Some recent approaches use machine learning to more effectively identify impacts from the sensor data. Typically, the collected sensor data are transmitted to a central location for processing. However, the challenge with this centralized approach is that the transfer of data to a central location can take considerable time, which is undesirable for time-sensitive events, like impact detection, that require a rapid assessment and response to potential damage. To address the challenges posed by the centralized approach, this study develops a framework for edge implementation of machine-learning predictions on wireless smart sensors. Wireless sensors are used because of their ease of installation and lower costs compared to their wired counterparts. The framework is implemented on the Xnode wireless smart sensor platform, thus bringing artificial intelligence models directly to the sensor nodes and eliminating the need to transfer data to a central location for processing. This framework is demonstrated using data obtained from events on a railroad bridge near Chicago; results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed edge computing framework for such time-sensitive structural health monitoring applications.
A Study of Classroom Behavior Recognition Incorporating Super-Resolution and Target Detection
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Nie Jialei , Wei Shoulin , Zhu Guifu , Dai Wei , Yang Can
Published: August 2024

With the development of educational technology, machine learning and deep learning provide technical support for traditional classroom observation assessment. However, in real classroom scenarios, the technique faces challenges such as lack of clarity of raw images, complexity of datasets, multi-target detection errors, and complexity of character interactions. Based on the above problems, a student classroom behavior recognition network incorporating super-resolution and target detection is proposed. To cope with the problem of unclear original images in the classroom scenario, SRGAN (Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Network for Images) is used to improve the image resolution and thus the recognition accuracy. To address the dataset complexity and multi-targeting problems, feature extraction is optimized, and multi-scale feature recognition is enhanced by introducing AKConv and LASK attention mechanisms into the Backbone module of the YOLOv8s algorithm. To improve the character interaction complexity problem, the CBAM attention mechanism is integrated to enhance the recognition of important feature channels and spatial regions. Experiments show that it can detect six behaviors of students—raising their hands, reading, writing, playing on their cell phones, looking down, and leaning on the table—in high-definition images. And the accuracy and robustness of this network is verified. Compared with small-object detection algorithms such as Faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, and YOLOv8s, this network demonstrates good detection performance on low-resolution small objects, complex datasets with numerous targets, occlusion, and overlapping students.
A Predictive Quality Inspection Framework for the Manufacturing Process in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Rydzi Stefan , Zahradnikova Barbora , Sutova Zuzana , Ravas Matus , Hornacek Dominik , Tanuska Pavol
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research is to develop an innovative software framework with AI capabilities to predict the quality of automobiles at the end of the production line. By utilizing machine learning techniques, this framework aims to prevent defective vehicles from reaching customers, thus enhancing production efficiency, reducing costs, and shortening the manufacturing time of automobiles. The principal results demonstrate that the predictive quality inspection framework significantly improves defect detection and supports personalized road tests. The major conclusions indicate that integrating AI into quality control processes offers a sustainable, long-term solution for continuous improvement in automotive manufacturing, ultimately increasing overall production efficiency. The economic benefit of our solution is significant. Currently, a final test drive takes 10–30 min, depending on the car model. If 200,000–300,000 cars are produced annually and our data prediction of quality saves 10 percent of test drives with test drivers, this represents a minimum annual saving of 200,000 production minutes.
Uncertainty Calculation as a Service: Integrating Cloud-Based Microservices for Enhanced Calibration and DCC Generation
Authors: Cetinkaya Anil , Kaya M. Cagri , Danaci Erkan , Oguztuzun Halit
Published: August 2024

The calibration industry is renowned for its diverse and sophisticated equipment and complex processes, which necessitate innovative solutions to keep pace with rapidly advancing technology. This paper introduces an enhancement to an existing microservice-based cloud architecture, aimed at effectively managing the inherent complexity within this field. The enhanced architecture seamlessly integrates various equipment types and communication technologies, aligning diverse stakeholder expectations into a unified system that ensures efficient and accurate calibration processes. It highlights the integration of microservices to facilitate various methods of uncertainty calculation and the generation of digital calibration certificates (DCCs). A case study on RF power measurement illustrates the practical application and benefits of the enhanced architecture. Although initially focused on RF power measurement, the flexible architecture allows for future expansions to accommodate new standards and measurement techniques. The enhanced system offers a comprehensive approach to managing data flow from calibration equipment to the final generation of DCCs, utilizing cloud-based services for efficient data processing. As a future direction, this extension sets the groundwork for broader applicability across multiple measurement types, ensuring readiness for upcoming advancements in metrology.
The Power of Laughter: Emotional and Ideological Gratification in Media
Authors: Almeida Abilio , Sousa Helena
Published: August 2024

This study examines the role of laughter in media content, focusing on traditional non-humorous entertainment talk shows with hosts, guests and a studio audience. The analysis, which documents over 20,000 instances of laughter in just 60 episodes (one laugh every 20 s), highlights the central role of laughter in this reality. The study concludes that: (1) hosts laughed more than guests and studio audiences; (2) in the programmes analysed, female hosts generated almost twice as much laughter as male hosts; (3) laughter followed a recognisable ‘U-shaped’ pattern, peaking at the beginning and end of the programme; (4) jokes with sexual connotations elicited the highest levels of laughter; (5) public service episodes had fewer instances of laughter; and (6) the programme with the host who laughed the most had the largest audience. In conclusion, laughter provides not only emotional, but also ideological gratification, based on the (post)modern concept of happiness.
Assessing Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Fresh Unpacked, Fresh Packed, and Frozen Carrots in Austria: A Case Study with a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach
Authors: Birkenmaier Franziska , Schuchter Lucas , Pillei Martin , Bach Katrin
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: LCA is an established method for the systematic analysis of the environmental impact of products throughout their life cycle. (2) Methods: The LCA on fresh (un)packed and frozen carrots, with system boundaries from the cradle to supermarket gate and the functional unit of 1 kg of carrots, is applied using openLCA 1.11, Agribalyse v 3.1 and is calculated with EF 3.0. A sensitivity analysis of transport and carrot loss was made. To consider economic sustainability, a cost calculation for transportation and cooled storage is conducted. (3) Results: The impact category of climate change for fresh carrots results in 0.186 kg CO2 eq for unpacked carrots, 0.200 kg CO2 eq for LDPE-packed carrots, and 0.195 kg CO2 eq for PLA-packed carrots. Transportation accounts for the largest impact, with up to 50% resulting from the transportation distance and the use of cooled lorries, followed by post-harvest handling (15–21%) and cultivation (21–22%). PLA-packed carrots save 2.4% of CO2 and 6.0% of fossil energy compared to LDPE-packed carrots. Regional carrots with short transportation distances require only 57% of CO2. Frozen carrots have a threefold higher result of 0.614 kg CO2 eq, resulting mostly from the high amounts of energy required for production and frozen storage. Post-harvest handling contributes to 43% of CO2, followed by supermarket storage (27%) and transport (22%). The transportation costs for frozen carrots are 24% higher than for fresh carrots, and their storage costs are 3.8 times higher at 0.181 EUR/kg. (4) Conclusion: Frozen carrots are more expensive and have a greater environmental impact. Nevertheless, they are relevant for the preservation of agricultural products and year-round availability.
Navigating Environmental Tax Challenges: Business Strategies for Chinese Firms Sustainable Growth
Authors: Lyu Xiaomin , Zhang Qiongwen
Published: August 2024

The environmental tax burden on Chinese firms is continuously increasing. How do firms respond to environmental tax pressure to achieve sustainability? This study aims to investigate whether environmental tax burden affects firms’ total factor productivity (TFP), an important indicator of sustainable development. Utilizing panel data of Chinese A-share listed firms from 2018–2022, we find that environmental tax burden positively impacts Chinese firms’ TFP. Interestingly, the impact of environmental tax burden on TFP is mediated through fixed asset investment rather than technological innovation. This indicates that in the short term, the pressure of environmental tax on Chinese firms has not triggered the Porter Effect. Additionally, this effect is stronger in larger firms, non-state-owned firms, and sample firms with weaker financial constraints and lower transaction costs. Therefore, different firms can flexibly adopt different business strategies to achieve sustainable development when facing environmental tax burden.
The Impact of Modern Lifestyles on Eating Habits and Food Shopping Behaviors: A Case Study of Omnichannel Retail Consumers Aged 25–40 in Athens
Authors: Samanta Irene , Arkoudis Nikolaos
Published: August 2024

The present study aimed to estimate the influence of the modern lifestyle, known also as the Westernized lifestyle, on the eating and food shopping behavior of omnichannel retail consumers in Athens. To collect the required data, this study constructed a questionnaire, which was answered by 130 adults, aged 25–40, who lived in Athens and were omnichannel retail consumers. It was found that the Greek diet has begun to adopt Western characteristics, presenting an increase in the consumption of fast and convenience food. However, the population has not moved dramatically away from the Mediterranean diet, which constitutes their traditional food model. As for Greek shopping behavior, this study indicated the factors that affected consumers when purchasing food products. The findings may help food managers to understand food consumers’ behavior and improve their strategies so as to better meet the needs of Greek individuals.
Quality Management System in Air Quality Measurements for Sustainable Development
Authors: Kozłowski Rafał , Szwed Mirosław , Kozłowska Aneta , Przybylska Joanna , Mach Tomasz
Published: August 2024

Air pollution is a global health issue and a cause of premature mortality. There is an urgent need to develop air quality monitoring networks and to implement standards enabling dependable testing and delivering reliable results. European standards provide reference methods for testing ambient air quality, which are used in accredited laboratories. In this paper, we present an example of research conducted with the use of a mobile, automated station Airpointer® in an industrial area under pressure from the lime and cement industry located in southeastern Poland. During the measurement campaign, the concentrations of the studied pollutants did not exceed the permissible thresholds, yet they strongly depended on meteorological conditions. The air filter was analysed with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) microanalyzer in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results confirmed that dust particles present in ambient air are connected with local emission sources—industry based on the extraction and processing of minerals. The equipment and measurement techniques used in this study are effective in identifying the potential threat of air pollution. Automated, short-term measurements of air pollution can be a significant source of information, indispensable for drawing up action plans aimed at air quality protection in order to achieve sustainable development goals.
Enhancing Sustainable Traffic Monitoring: Leveraging NanoSight–YOLO for Precision Detection of Micro-Vehicle Targets in Satellite Imagery
Authors: Guo Dudu , Zhao Chenao , Shuai Hongbo , Zhang Jinquan , Zhang Xiaojiang
Published: August 2024

Satellite remote sensing technology significantly aids road traffic monitoring through its broad observational scope and data richness. However, accurately detecting micro-vehicle targets in satellite imagery is challenging due to complex backgrounds and limited semantic information hindering traditional object detection models. To overcome these issues, this paper presents the NanoSight–YOLO model, a specialized adaptation of YOLOv8, to boost micro-vehicle detection. This model features an advanced feature extraction network, incorporates a transformer-based attention mechanism to emphasize critical features, and improves the loss function and BBox regression for enhanced accuracy. A unique micro-target detection layer tailored for satellite imagery granularity is also introduced. Empirical evaluations show improvements of 12.4% in precision and 11.5% in both recall and mean average precision (mAP) in standard tests. Further validation of the DOTA dataset highlights the model’s adaptability and generalization across various satellite scenarios, with increases of 3.6% in precision, 6.5% in recall, and 4.3% in mAP. These enhancements confirm NanoSight–YOLO’s efficacy in complex satellite imaging environments, representing a significant leap in satellite-based traffic monitoring.
Long-Term Immunogenicity Study of an Aluminum Phosphate-Adjuvanted Inactivated Enterovirus A71 Vaccine in Children: An Extension to a Phase 2 Study
Authors: Chiu Nan-Chang , Lin Chien-Yu , Chen Charles , Cheng Hao-Yuan , Hsieh Erh-Fang , Liu Luke Tzu-Chi , Chiu Cheng-Hsun , Huang Li-Min
Published: August 2024

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes hand, foot, and mouth disease in infants and children with potential for fatal complications such as encephalitis and acute flaccid myelitis. This study examined the long-term immunity conferred by EV71vac, an inactivated EV-A71 vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum phosphate, in children from the age of 2 months to <6 years, for up to 5 years after the first immunization. A total of 227 participants between 2 months and <6 years of age who had previously received either EV71vac or placebo in the phase two clinical study were enrolled. Subjects were divided into age groups: 2 years to <6 years (Group 2b), 6 months to <2 years (Group 2c), and 2 months to <6 months (Group 2d). At Year 5, the neutralizing antibody titers against the B4 subgenotype remained high at 621.38 to 978.20, 841.40 to 1159.93, and 477.71 to 745.07 for Groups 2b, 2c, and 2d, respectively. Cross-neutralizing titers at Year 5 remained high against B5 and C4a subgenotypes, respectively. No long-term safety issues were reported. Our study provides novel insights into the long-term immunity conferred by EV71vac in children aged from two months to six years, particularly in those who received EV71vac between two and six months of age.
The Major Role of T Regulatory Cells in the Efficiency of Vaccination in General and Immunocompromised Populations: A Review
Authors: Stepkowski Stanislaw , Bekbolsynov Dulat , Oenick Jared , Brar Surina , Mierzejewska Beata , Rees Michael A. , Ekwenna Obi
Published: August 2024

Since their conception with the smallpox vaccine, vaccines used worldwide have mitigated multiple pandemics, including the recent COVID-19 outbreak. Insightful studies have uncovered the complexities of different functional networks of CD4 T cells (T helper 1 (Th1); Th2, Th17) and CD8 T cells (T cytotoxic; Tc), as well as B cell (BIgM, BIgG, BIgA and BIgE) subsets, during the response to vaccination. Both T and B cell subsets form central, peripheral, and tissue-resident subsets during vaccination. It has also become apparent that each vaccination forms a network of T regulatory subsets, namely CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells and interleukin-10 (IL-10)-producing CD4+ Foxp3− T regulatory 1 (Tr1), as well as many others, which shape the quality/quantity of vaccine-specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody production. These components are especially critical for immunocompromised patients, such as older individuals and allograft recipients, as their vaccination may be ineffective or less effective. This review focuses on considering how the pre- and post-vaccination Treg/Tr1 levels influence the vaccination efficacy. Experimental and clinical work has revealed that Treg/Tr1 involvement evokes different immune mechanisms in diminishing vaccine-induced cellular/humoral responses. Alternative steps may be considered to improve the vaccination response, such as increasing the dose, changing the delivery route, and/or repeated booster doses of vaccines. Vaccination may be combined with anti-CD25 (IL-2Rα chain) or anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to decrease the Tregs and boost the T/B cell immune response. All of these data and strategies for immunizations are presented and discussed, aiming to improve the efficacy of vaccination in humans and especially in immunocompromised and older individuals, as well as organ transplant patients.
Willingness-to-Pay for Blue Ecosystem Services of Natural Pools in Sri Lanka: A Discrete Choice Experiment
Authors: Udugama Menuka , Alotaibi Bader Alhafi , Navoda Madhushi , Najim Mohamed M. M. , Udayanga Lahiru , Traore Abou
Published: August 2024

Ecosystem services offered by freshwater ecosystems, in the form of natural pools have not been fully realized by the public, which has led to limited attention on the conservation of these pools. This study therefore was conducted to investigate the user preferences for sustainable enhancement of recreational values of natural pools and their immediate environment. A total of 320 local users of natural pools located in Rangala and Nillambe were surveyed as the sample. A Discrete Choice Experiment (DCE) was employed to elicit the preference and user Willingness to Pay (WTP). The Marginal Willingness to Pay (MWTP) for the improvement of recreational values of natural pools was estimated using a conditional logit (CL) model. Outcomes of the WTP disclosed a clear preference hierarchy for various enhancements and contributions. Users were willing to pay Sri Lankan Rupees (LKR) 297.6 to reduce the environmental damage by 50% and LKR 84.4 to raise the community income by 20%. The option to have a higher number of recreational activities was highly valued. Respondents were willing to pay a value of LKR 554.8 per year for the multiple benefits provided by the pool ecosystems. Conclusively, the study suggested that efforts to upgrade these natural pools should prioritise income generation, broadening of recreational activities and environmental conservation, in line with respondents’ inclinations.
Optimizing Trapezoidal Labyrinth Weir Design for Enhanced Scour Mitigation in Straight Channels
Authors: Shehata Ahmed H. , Youssef Tahani F. , Hamada Hamada A. , M. Ibrahim M. , Samy Abeer
Published: August 2024

Designing hydraulic structures requires careful consideration of local scouring downstream. This study investigated the performance of trapezoidal labyrinth weirs in controlling flow and mitigating scour in straight channels through physical model experiments. Sixty configurations were examined, using weir apex angles of 20°, 45°, 60°, and 80°, heights of 30 cm, 35 cm, and 40 cm, and flow rates of 50–200 L/s. A linear weir served as a reference. The results showed that the 60° apex angle consistently outperformed other configurations, reducing scour depth by up to 41% and scour length by up to 50% compared to the linear weir. It also decreased deposition depth by 40% and length by 50%. Lowering weir height from 40 cm to 30 cm led to reductions of 35% in scour depth and 40% in scour length at low discharges. These improvements remained significant even at higher flow rates, with a 29% reduction in scour depth and 25% in scour length at 200 L/s. This study provides evidence-based recommendations for optimizing labyrinth weir designs to define the relationship between hydraulic efficiency and erosion control. It offers valuable insights into weir geometry, flow conditions, and the resulting scour and deposition patterns. These findings contribute to the optimization of labyrinth weir designs to minimize downstream bed configurations. The tests were conducted under limited flow conditions.
Numerical Study on the Hydraulic and Mixing Performance of Fluid Flow within a Channel with Different Numbers of Sector Bodies
Authors: Xiao Jian , Jing Dalei
Published: August 2024

This study numerically analyzes and compares the outlet mixing efficiency (Mout), the pressure loss (ΔP), and the comprehensive performance parameter η, defined as the ratio between Mout and dimensionless pressure drop, of fluid flow in mixing channels with a single sector body (CSSB), dual sector bodies (CDSB), and triple sector bodies (CTSB). This analysis is conducted under a Reynolds number based on the dimension of the sector body Red = 100. The analysis reveals that both for the CDSB and CTSB, when the spacing distance between the sector bodies is small, the downstream sector body blocks the vortex shedding, resulting in a low mixing degree. Increasing the spacing distance between the sector bodies can significantly improve the mixing performance. When comparing the performance of three configurations, it is found that only when the spacing distances between the sector bodies in CDSB and CTSB are large enough, their outlet mixing efficiencies converge to a closed value, surpassing that of CSSB, but at the expense of a substantial pressure loss. Moreover, the CSSB consistently outperforms the CDSB and CTSB in terms of comprehensive performance. This study provides insights into the selection and spacing of bluff bodies in channels to achieve desirable hydraulic and mixing performance.
Faktor-faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Gastritis di Rumah Sakit Umum Delia Kecamatan Selesai Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Siregar Ilham Syahputra , Handayani Irma , Yulianti Yulianti
Published: August 2024

Gastritis is an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. This inflammation can result in swelling of the gastric mucosa until the detachment of the superficial mucosal epithelium, which is the most important cause of digestive tract disorders. Epithelial detachment will stimulate the onset of inflammation in the stomach. Gastritis, a term known by the public as ulcer or gastric disease. Some of the risk factors for gastritis include consuming spicy, coconut milk, and gassy foods, improper meal frequency, and frequent caffeine consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for gastritis disease at Delia Hospital, Selesai District, Langkat Regency in 2021. This research is descriptive with a cross sectional design conducted on 30 gastritis patients. The measuring instrument for this study used a questionnaire. The results of this study indicate that the majority of risk factors for gastritis disease in patients at Delia General Hospital, Finish District, Langkat Regency in 2021 due to food type factors, namely 14 people (46.7%).
Qualitative Analysis of Community Perceptions in Situ Gunung on the Impact of Tourism Activities in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Area
Authors: Kristanto Eko , Meitolo Hulu
Published: August 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has ushered in shifts in tourist behavior, impacting their preferences for tourist attractions and activities (Kemenparekraf, 2023). Tourists now gravitate towards serene and picturesque settings in villages, at the foothills of mountains, or within pristine environments like forests in national parks. This trend has notably bolstered the advancement of ecotourism in Indonesia. Statistics indicate a significant preference for glamorous camping or glamping among tourists (45.9%), surpassing the choice of resort accommodations (24.7%) (Kemenparekraf, 2023). However, these transformations come with adverse effects, notably the disruption of the tranquil ambiance cherished by local residents due to the influx of tourists, leading to clashes between diverse cultures and traditional customs (Joseph & Maiwa, 2011). Concurrently, local perceptions of tourism significantly shape its development. Thus, this study aims to scrutinize people's perceptions of natural tourist destinations, specifically focusing on Situ Gunung. By analyzing data from 10 interview sources using techniques like word frequency and contextual analysis, this research identifies factors influencing local community perceptions of tourism, including age, length of stay, involvement in tourism activities, and personal experiences.
importante papel do plano de aula na prática pedagógica
Authors: Bittencourt Procópio Renata , Toldo Cortez Gabriela
Published: August 2024

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever e analisar a relevância do plano de aula na prática pedagógica.  O objetivo do Projeto foi proporcionar a aprendizagem da língua inglesa em nível básico para alunos de baixa renda e/ou em situação de vulnerabilidade social, oferecendo ao final do curso um certificado de proficiência. A proposta teórica metodológica tem como base a Abordagem Comunicativa (Richards e Rodgers, 1986) e o Plano de aula (Oliveira, 2022). Os resultados evidenciam que em conjunto com a relevância do processo de planejamento, a seleção e emprego de uma abordagem de ensino é crucial. A percepção e avaliação processual da professora, bem como o feedback fornecido pelos alunos, demonstram que a assimilação do conteúdo foi satisfatória. É relevante ressaltar que essa experiência apresentou aspectos positivos não apenas para os alunos, mas também para a professora em fase de formação.
INTELLECTUAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF INNOVATIVE EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE REGION
Authors: ШИЛЬДТ Л.А. , БИКЕЕВА Н.Г. , КАДЕСНИКОВА О.В.
Published: August 2024

Глобализация это условия, в которых существует сегодняшнее общество. Благодаря развитию формируется интеграция рынков многообразных государств, устраняются препятствия на стези перемещения товаров, услуг, денежных средств. Во всех сферах деятельности человека происходят основательные высококачественные модификации. Развернувшиеся движения глобализации привели к обострению научно-технического соперничества. Цивилизованные государства мира пришли к осознанию того, что задатком эффективного формирования считается систематическое инновационное развитие, а также это стало главной целью общеэкономических проектов.

Globalization is the conditions in which today's society exists. Thanks to the development, the integration of markets of diverse states is being formed, obstacles to the movement of goods, services, and money are being eliminated. Thorough high-quality modifications are taking place in all spheres of human activity. The unfolding movements of globalization have led to an aggravation of scientific and technical rivalry. The civilized states of the world have come to realize that systematic innovative development is considered the makings of effective formation, and this has also become the main goal of general economic projects.
MANAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE CULTURE IN BUSINESS STRUCTURES
Authors: ЕЛИСЕЕВ А.М.
Published: August 2024

В настоящей статье рассмотрены основные аспекты внедрения инноваций на предприятии, рассмотрены особенности и проблемы управления развитием инновационной культуры в предпринимательских структурах. Освещены актуальные тенденции в данной области, представлены наиболее значимые методы работы по распространению инновационной культуры в предпринимательской деятельности.

This article examines the main aspects of introducing innovations in an enterprise, and examines the features and problems of managing the development of an innovative culture in business structures. Current trends in this area are highlighted, the most significant methods of work to disseminate an innovative culture in business are presented.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SAVING METHODS AT INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES: ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Authors: ВЫСОКИХ Д.Д.
Published: August 2024

Статья посвящена анализу эффективности различных технологических решений для снижения энергопотребления на промышленных предприятиях. В работе освещены ключевые аспекты энергосбережения, связанные с улучшением экономической эффективности и экологической безопасности производственных процессов. Авторы акцентируют внимание на прямой зависимости между уровнем энергопотребления и производственными издержками, подчеркивая значимость эффективного использования энергии для управления затратами и повышения конкурентоспособности предприятий. Рассмотрены основные проблемы высокого уровня энергопотребления, включая использование устаревшего оборудования и отсутствие современных систем управления энергопотреблением. Предложены меры по модернизации оборудования и внедрению автоматизированных систем управления, а также развитию и интеграции возобновляемых источников энергии. Статья также обсуждает важность законодательной поддержки в области энергосбережения и роль государственных программ и инициатив в стимулировании промышленных предприятий к внедрению энергоэффективных технологий. В заключение авторы подчеркивают необходимость комплексного подхода и тесного взаимодействия предприятий с государственными органами, научными учреждениями и общественными организациями для успешного решения задачи энергосбережения.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of various technological solutions for reducing energy consumption at industrial enterprises. The paper highlights the key aspects of energy saving related to the improvement of economic efficiency and environmental safety of production processes. The authors focus on the direct relationship between the level of energy consumption and production costs, emphasizing the importance of efficient use of energy for cost management and increasing the competitiveness of enterprises. The main problems of high energy consumption are considered, including the use of outdated equipment and the lack of modern energy management systems. Measures were proposed for the modernization of equipment and the introduction of automated control systems, as well as the development and integration of renewable energy sources. The article also discusses the importance of legislative support in the field of energy conservation and the role of government programs and initiatives in stimulating industrial enterprises to adopt energy-efficient technologies. In conclusion, the authors emphasize the need for an integrated approach and close interaction of enterprises with government agencies, scientific institutions and public organizations to successfully solve the problem of energy saving.
THE INFLUENCE OF MONETARY POLICY AND PRUDENTIAL REGULATION ON THE FORMATION OF BANKS’ CREDIT POLICY
Authors: САВИНОВ О.Г. , ЦОЙ В.В.
Published: August 2024

В статье раскрывается сущность кредитной политики банков, вопросы ее адаптации к изменениям денежно-кредитной политики, мерам центрального банка в рамках пруденциального регулирования.

The article reveals the essence of banks' credit policy, issues its adaptation to changes in monetary policy and central bank measures within the framework of prudential regulation.
INTRODUCTION AS A SCIENCE: PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
Authors: Куприянов А.Н.
Published: August 2024

Интродукция - это наука о развитии растений в условиях культуры. Фундаментальность интродукции заключается в акклиматизации растений в новых условиях. Благополучие человеческой цивилизации во многом определено вовлечением в культуру максимально большого количества растений, обитающих на Земле, поэтому значение интродукции и ботанических садов в XXI веке будет только возрастать.

Introduction is the science of plant development under cultural conditions. The fundamental nature of the introduction is the acclimatization of plants in new conditions. The well-being of human civilization is largely determined by the involvement in culture of the largest possible number of plants living on Earth, so the importance of introduction and botanical gardens in the XXI century will be increased.
СONSERVATION OF THE GENE POOL OF ORNAMENTAL PLANTS IN THE MAIN BOTANICAL GARDEN OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE COLLECTION OF REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS
Authors: Кабанов А.В.
Published: August 2024

В Лаборатории декоративных растений ГБС РАН собрана крупнейшая в России коллекция представителей рода Astilbe , включающая 151 сорт и 7 природных видов. Одной из основных задач коллекции является сохранение генофонда данной культуры. Одним из основным типов пополнения коллекции в настоящее время является поиск на основании признаковой таблицы культиваров с определенным набором признаков или их комбинаций, которых нет в современном фонде или же они представлены незначительно. Начата селекционная работа, получены перспективные гибридные формы.

He Laboratory of Ornamental Plants of the Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS has the largest collection of representatives of the genus Astilbe in Russia, including 151 varieties and 7 natural species. One of the main tasks of the collection is to preserve the gene pool of this culture. One of the main types of replenishment of the collection at present is a search based on the characteristic table of cultivars, with a certain set of characteristics or their combinations, which are not in the modern fund or are represented insignificantly. Selection work has begun, promising hybrid forms have been obtained.
Consideraţii privind importanţa unei litoteci arheologice în cercetarea microregională a artefactelor litice. studiu de caz: descoperirile neo-eneolitice din depresiunea Neamţ-Topoliţa
Authors: Anton Traian
Published: August 2024

In-depth knowledge of the sources of supply of lithic and nonlithic raw materials, used in Neolithic and Eneolithic sites, represents one of the important challenges of archaeological, archaeometric, geological research, in a continuous multi- and interdisciplinary approach. In this sense, for the multilateral investigation of Neolithic and Eneolithic lithic tools, the establishment and operationalization of microzonal and regional archaeological lithothecs is essential.In the present work, the author presents a brief history of archaeological lithothecs and their current status worldwide and the Romanian experience in this field. In order to achieve an applied treatment, it shows what were the concerns related to the petroarchaeological research on the Neolithic and Eneolithic lithic artifacts discovered in the Neamt subcarpathian depressions and pleads for the necessity and importance of creating a microzonal archaeological lithotheque (Cracău-Bistrița and Neamț-Topolița Depression), focusing - and the approach to the last geographical subunit, as a necessary condition for making real steps forward in this complex field.
HUBUNGAN PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR TERHADAP DISTRIBUSI KELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN TELUK MEULABOH ACEH BARAT
Authors: MARLIAN NENENG
Published: August 2024

The reaserch on  relationship water quality parameters to the fitoplankton abundance distribution in Waters of Meulaboh Bay West Aceh  was  conducted  on  Mei-July 2014 in Meulaboh Bay. Sampling Location on each observation sampling points  as purposing sampling at 10 sites, wich consist of river, mouth river, bay waters, middle of bay to outer of bay. The purpose in this research  was to analysis relationship water quality parameters to the fitoplankton abundance distribution in  Waters of  Meulaboh Bay West Aceh. The result in this research showed that from the observation to the fitoplankton composition in waters were found 5 class of  fitoplankton such Cyanophyceace, Bacillariophyceae, Dinophyceaceae, Chrysophyceae, Clorophyceae, Euglenaphyceae and with the abundance fitoplankton values were sites A-E = 72.515-713.324.444 cell/m3 and sites F-J = 37.493-271.786.665 cell/m3. As well as fitoplankton abundance distribution deacreased toward the waters such  river and  mouth river but  fitoplankton abudance distribution increased toward the waters of edge bay was the coastal of bay. Relationship water quality parameters to the fitoplankton distribution showed that relationship wich negative correlation with the water quality parameters such transparancy, turbidity, dissolved oxcigen, nitrate, ortophosphate and silicate, but fitoplankton abundance had relationship wich positive correlation with the water quality parameters such themperature, current velodity, salinity and pH.
PENGUKURAN STOK KARBON TERSIMPAN PADA HUTAN MANGROVE BUATAN DI AREA BEKAS TSUNAMI DI ACEH BARAT SELATAN
Authors: Wintah Wintah , Duana Maiza , Kiswanto Kiswanto
Published: August 2024

Mangrove in the ex-Tsunami Area have ability to stored carbon, with existing of mangrove forest so increasing of carbon emission in natural can be diminished. Therefore, mangrove habitat is a big storage of carbon (carbon sinks). Carbon sinks or carbon dioxyde sinks have a important role as a place for storing or absorbing carbon dioxyde gases that derived from earth atmosphere. The carbon that absorbed by mangrove will stored in biomass of tree. The amount of  such tree biomass will influenced carbon stock that stored in mangrove forest. The aim of this research is to known mangrove vegetation conditions to the ex-Tsunami in the West-South of Aceh Area. The research method that used is survey method. The sampling of mangrove vegetation that undertaken by using plot sampling method. The result showed the vegetation condition of mangrove forest in the ex-Tsunami Area were dominated by Rhizopora apiculata for seeds level. The pole level were dominated by Sonneratia alba.  Carbon stock that stored in mangrove vegetation in the Ex-Tsunami Area is 36,03 tonnes/ha in the West-South of Aceh