bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoding continuous motion trajectories of upper limb from EEG signals based on feature selection and nonlinear methods
Authors: Li Shurui , Tian Miao , Xu Ren , Cichocki Andrzej , Jin Jing
Published: December 2024

Objective. Brain–computer interface (BCI) system has emerged as a promising technology that provides direct communication and control between the human brain and external devices. Among the various applications of BCI, limb motion decoding has gained significant attention due to its potential for patients with motor impairment to regain independence and improve their quality of life. However, the reconstruction of continuous motion trajectories in BCI systems based on electroencephalography (EEG) signals remains a challenge in practical life. Approach. This study investigates the feasibility of applying feature selection and nonlinear regression for decoding motion trajectory from EEG. We propose to fix the time window, select the optimal feature set, and reconstruct the motion trajectory of motor execution tasks using polynomial regression. The proposed approach is validated on a public dataset consisting of EEG and hand position data recorded from 15 subjects. Several methods including ridge regression and multiple linear regression are employed as comparisons. Main results. The cross-validation results show that the proposed reconstructed method has the highest correlation with actual motion trajectories, with an average value of 0.511 ± 0.019 (

p

< 0.05). Significance. This finding demonstrates the great potential of our approach for real-world motor kinematics BCI applications.
𝑝-Adic Hodge Theory for Artin Stacks
Authors: Kubrak Dmitry , Prikhodko Artem
Published: December 2024

This work is devoted to the study of integral

p
p

-adic Hodge theory in the context of Artin stacks. For a Hodge-proper stack, using the formalism of prismatic cohomology, we establish a version of

p
p

-adic Hodge theory with the étale cohomology of the Raynaud generic fiber as an input. In particular, we show that the corresponding Galois representation is crystalline and that the associated Breuil-Kisin module is given by the prismatic cohomology. An interesting new feature of the stacky setting is that the natural map between étale cohomology of the algebraic and the Raynaud generic fibers is often an equivalence even outside of the proper case. In particular, we show that this holds for global quotients

[
X

/

G
]

[X/G]

where

X
X

is a smooth proper scheme and

G
G

is a reductive group. As applications we deduce Totaro’s conjectural inequality and also set up a theory of

A

i
n
f

A_{\mathrm {inf}}

-characteristic classes.
Charity and the Formation of Spiritual Judgment
Authors: Teubner Jonathan D
Published: December 2024

Chapter 1 focuses on Augustine as expositor of Scripture, with special attention paid to his self-presentation in the Confessions. By looking at Augustine as reader of Scripture, one can decipher the first image of Augustinian solidarity. This chapter argues that Augustine is attempting to bring about in his congregation a form of unity that they can plausibly inhabit in this world. The thread that is running through the Confessions is the persistence of something outside the individual or community that challenges any pre-existing or received conception of the good one might have. The consequence of taking on Scripture’s ratio is not simply some intellectual or affective transformation: it brings forth a community held in solidarity by acts of love. The chapter examines closely the way this can be seen in Confessions 13.
Access
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe
Published: December 2024

That novel technologies enabling gestation introduce new procreative possibilities concerning how human entities are brought into being, and this inevitably raises questions about who could and should have access to these technologies. Chapter 4 first considers the claims made by some scholars that the right to procreate (both in a moral and legal sense) should encompass the liberty to make decisions about gestation, and concludes that neither such a moral nor legal right exists—but more importantly, even if it did it, it would not be absolute. The better way to approach questions of access, therefore, is not to dwell on the matter of a ‘right to gestation’ but instead consider how we should afford access to technologies enabling gestation appropriately bearing in mind the importance of equality of opportunity and the harms of stratified procreation. Existing social, legal, and clinical regulation of procreative technologies has been centred around notions of the ‘biological’ and the ‘natural’ and as such they are structured by and re-embed these notions reinforcing conservative values in procreative regulation. This construction is likely to have structural impacts on the choices individuals seek to make about gestation—both in terms of the choices they want to make and that they can make.
William Ewart Gladstone
Authors: Wheeler Michael
Published: December 2024

The leading statesman of nineteenth-century Britain, a figure who bestrode the political world like a Colossus, is ‘Gladstone’ to modern biographers. In order to signal the difference between Wheeler’s approach and those of earlier biographers, the subject of this book is known as ‘William’, his baptismal name. His autobiographical fragments of 1892 included a disclaimer: ‘I do not indeed intend in these notes to give a history of the inner life, which I think has with me been extraordinarily dubious, vacillating, and (above all) complex.’ This book is about the spiritual dimension of his complex inner life. In tracing the movements of his heart and soul, the book works from the inner to the outer aspects of a rich and varied life, from William’s daily disciplines of prayer and reflection to his earnest attempts to follow the precepts of Christianity through action in the public realm and in private philanthropy, and in the writing of numerous reviews, articles, and books. He remained an independent intellectual, eschewing party labels within the Church of England and working out his own stance in relation to specific Liberal Party policies in politics. He was as much a man of letters as he was a politician. Later in his political career, ‘the people’s William’ appealed to public opinion through a series of national moral campaigns. His fiercest battles, however, were spiritual, as he castigated himself for falling short of the ideals set out in Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, particularly with regard to sexual desire as he sought to rescue women from a life of prostitution and became obsessed with a former courtesan. His longest crusade was against the enemy within.
Walking in the light
Authors: Wheeler Michael
Published: December 2024

The scholarly methods that William learned as a schoolboy at Eton and an undergraduate at Christ Church, Oxford, stayed with him for life. They included writing lengthy essays and memoranda on a wide range of subjects, inside and outside the syllabus, in order to understand them and to clarify his own ideas. He also recorded the activities of each day in a series of small notebooks which were usually marked ‘private’—the famous diaries. This chapter examines William’s family life and evangelical spiritual formation, and his ‘fellowship’ with like-minded peers at school and university, as he wrestled with an acute sense of ‘black sin’ and considered the possibility of ordination.
Many mansions
Authors: Wheeler Michael
Published: December 2024

The death of George Canning in 1827, and a series of bereavements in the Gladstone family between the late 1820s and early 1850s, were important landmarks in William’s spiritual life. This chapter examines his accounts of the deaths of his sister Anne in 1829, his mother in 1835, his little daughter Jessy in 1850, and his aged father in 1851. For William, the hope of future blessedness for the faithful was grounded in the bible, the psalter, and à Kempis’s Imitation of Christ, and was bound up with his deepening sense of the sacrament of the eucharist as spiritual food. Of the two leading ideas of the nature of heaven in the nineteenth century—as a place of continual worship or as a home, the site of reunion—it was the latter which sustained William in his hour of need.
Lead, Kindly Light
Authors: Wheeler Michael
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the last phase of William’s spiritual life, when he formed his fourth and final administration. He avoided writing a spiritual autobiography, but took a close interest in the biographies of former friends and colleagues. He also reflected upon death and the future life, particularly in his published work on Bishop Butler. He spoke in public on the Armenian massacres when he was physically frail. Armenian associations with St Deiniol’s Church, Hawarden, were carried over into his state funeral in Westminster Abbey in 1898, when the hymns represented several strands of Christian tradition. A short coda on William’s memorialization argues that his story turns upon a series of collisions between the real and the ideal: between the political fixer and the lone crusader on the side of the oppressed; between the reformer who embraced modernity and the conservative upholder of tradition in church and state; between the ‘adulterer in the heart’ of Soho and the ‘distinguished parishioner’ of Hawarden.
What is this Book About?
Authors: Sytch Maxim
Published: December 2024

The first chapter is both an introduction to and a summary of the book’s primary thesis. It scrutinizes the occurrence of supplier-induced demand within professional services, presenting a theoretical framework for its rise and persistence. According to this framework, supplier-induced demand is cultivated by three interlinked factors: market conditions that enable it, the guiding institutional logic, and failures in the learning cycles of both buyers and sellers. As the service economy has evolved, advancements in knowledge-intensive labor have increased uncertainty for buyers, driving them to seek specialized expertise that can inadvertently grant suppliers disproportionate influence. Moreover, the rising commercial institutional logic conflated professional identity with the selling of services, often without recognizing the potential harm this may cause to clients. Empirical evidence supports the existence and significant ramifications of supplier-induced demand in circumstances characterized by pronounced uncertainty and close proximity between buyers and sellers.
The Imperfect Agents
Authors: Sytch Maxim
Published: December 2024

Complementing uncertainty and supplier power, a final precondition for the emergence of supplier-induced demand is a supplier’s “imperfect agency.” Imperfect agency arises when suppliers simultaneously act as agents and sellers. As agents, professionals diagnose the needs, problems, and opportunities faced by consumers. As sellers, they offer goods or services to address these needs directly to the same consumers. The prevailing belief in both academic discourse and practice is that imperfect agency drives supplier-induced demand through conflicts of interest and misaligned incentives. This implies that professionals deliberately pursue personal gain at the expense of the client. However, in this chapter, I caution against oversimplifying the role of incentive conflicts, particularly in professional services. Much of the work in professional services is grounded in embedded relationships between clients and service providers, characterized by increased trust and reduced opportunism. Therefore, imperfect agency should not be conflated with the professionals’ motivation for supplier-induced demand.
The Change in Professionals’ Identity
Authors: Sytch Maxim
Published: December 2024

The ascendance of commercial logic in professional services has altered professionals’ identities by tying the value of being a professional to various productivity metrics. This shift has been supported by changes in hiring, development, and evaluation practices, as well as formal management and informal cultural practices. Commercial logic started to regulate behavior, leading professionals to equate feelings of success and value with strong performances on financial metrics and sales. In professional services, where professionals’ work value and personal success are closely intertwined, their professional and personal success became linked to the quantity of work completed, utilization rates, generated business, or the caliber of clients served. Notably, professionals’ ability to bring in new business became equivalent to serving clients, disrupting the status quo, and improving organizations. This shift insidiously equated doing work for clients with creating value and doing more work with creating more value.
Evidence From Intellectual Property Litigation
Authors: Sytch Maxim
Published: December 2024

This chapter presents evidence supporting the strong form of supplier-induced demand in intellectual property litigation. Specifically, it highlights a shift in the locus of control for service consumption from buyers to geographically proximate sellers of these services. These sellers, through their close proximity and frequent interaction with buyers, exert a palpable influence over them and induce demand. The findings indicate that companies located near law firm offices tend to initiate a greater number of lawsuits. Additionally, companies retaining closer legal counsel are more likely to engage in prolonged litigation. Importantly, the heightened consumption of litigation services in these cases does not result in legal success; instead, it is more likely to lead to legal losses, indicating a strong form of supplier-induced demand. Moreover, the emergence of supplier-induced demand is not uniform but is confined to situations characterized by particularly high levels of uncertainty regarding lawsuit outcomes.
Why Don’t the Buyers Learn?
Authors: Sytch Maxim
Published: December 2024

Organizations learn from experience. Therefore, if supplier-induced demand negatively affects buyers, organizations should gradually develop the ability to identify and avoid it. However, this does not happen in reality. The primary reason for this discrepancy lies in the systematic violation of two key conditions essential for organizational learning: having a large sample of comparable cases and receiving reliable performance feedback. These violations are particularly prevalent in the delivery and consumption of professional services due to the infrequent nature of such work and its extensive customization to suit specific clients and their unique circumstances. Further complicating matters is the inherent difficulty in measuring the outcomes of knowledge-based work, which constitutes a substantial portion of professional services output. Consequently, competing narratives emerge to explain performance, creating overall causal ambiguity for both buyers and sellers, where organizational actions are ambiguously linked to outcomes.
Mythologies Old and New
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: December 2024

This chapter argues that Friedrich Schlegel and F. W. J. Schelling build upon Schiller’s ideas in formulating the call for a “new mythology.” The chapter begins (in §2.2) with a discussion of Schelling’s early work on mythology, before turning (in §2.3) to the anonymous “Oldest System-Program of German Idealism,” which raises the idea of a “mythology of reason.” §2.4 traces earlier sources of this idea in Winckelmann, Hamann, and Herder. The remainder of the chapter demonstrates how the project of a new mythology informs Schlegel’s Dialogue on Poetry (in §§2.5–2.6) and Schelling’s System of Transcendental Idealism (in §2.7). A common thread to their work is the idea that mythology serves as a “middle link” between thought and feeling, whereby ideas of reason can acquire motivating force.
Marriages of Heaven and Hell
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: December 2024

This chapter turns to the tradition of British romanticism. §§3.2–3.3 shed light on William Blake’s effort to develop a system of symbols and stories that narrate humanity’s fall into self-fragmentation and its possible return to unity. §3.4 supports this claim by examining the main characters of Blake’s new mythology, Urizen and Los. §3.5 shows that Samuel Taylor Coleridge, despite eschewing the language of mythology, works within the framework of a new mythology in his early poetry. §3.6 extends this perspective to William Wordsworth and shows how memory plays the role of a middle link between the states of unified childhood and divided adulthood. The chapter closes (in §3.7) by tracing possible German influences on Wordsworth, focusing on his claim that poetry is “the first and last of all knowledge.”
Platonism and Mythology
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: December 2024

This Appendix shows how mythology came to be understood in the tradition of late antique Platonism, focusing on Plotinus, Porphyry, and Sallustius. This tradition reaches its peak in the work of Proclus, who argues that myths enable a symbolic representation of intelligible reality through inverted analogies. In such analogies, what is “highest” in the order of transcendental reality (as rational or beautiful) is represented through what is “lowest” in the order of sensible particulars (as irrational or ugly). The second half of this Appendix offers a brief sketch of how these Platonic approaches to mythology were received by British and German romantics, thereby demonstrating a common source from which these writers drew inspiration. The Appendix closes with a proposal of how these lines of connection from Platonism to romanticism can be developed in future research.
Federalism and Fiscal Transfers in India
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D K
Published: December 2024

India’s Constitution provides for a federal framework consisting of central, state, and local governments. By constitutional design, the collection of revenues is relatively more centralized while expenditure responsibilities are relatively more decentralized. In India, states differ widely in their fiscal capacities and initial conditions relating to the size and composition of the population and their relative needs. A sound system of fiscal transfers should be able to resolve both the vertical and horizontal imbalances. Under constitutional provisions, this task has been entrusted to the Finance Commission, which is constituted with an average periodicity of five years. This volume provides a critical overview of the recommendations of fifteen Finance Commissions covering the period from 1951 to date. It also provides an analysis of the theoretical foundations of fiscal transfers that would serve the objectives of equity, efficiency, and stability, and examines in this context trends in fiscal transfers in India and their shortcomings.

This volume also analyses the interdependence between fiscal transfers and fiscal sustainability and the evolution of Fiscal Responsibility legislation for the central and state governments. The second edition of the volume provides an updated review of the recommendations of the three most recent Finance Commissions, namely the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Commissions. It comments on the salient issues before the Sixteenth Finance Commission and the future of fiscal federalism in India. It emphasizes the principle and role of the equalization approach for determining inter-state sharing of resources.
Dynamics of Debt Accumulation in India
Authors: Rangarajan C , Srivastava D K
Published: December 2024

This chapter examines the dynamics of debt accumulation in India for the central government, bringing out the role of primary deficit, growth rate, and interest rate in the evolution of the centre’s debt relative to the GDP. We note that the concerns have become quite serious in recent years when there has been an explosive rise in the debt-GDP ratio. The growth in the debt-GDP ratio has been very large in the years when the nominal growth rate was less than the nominal interest rate. One such phase was during 2000–3, when the growth rate was less than the effective interest rate and the debt-GDP ratio increased both because of cumulated primary deficits and excess of interest rate over growth rate. High levels of debt and interest payment liabilities put a limit on the volume of transfers that could be taken up for the states.
Slavery in the Early Mughal World
Authors: Anooshahr Ali
Published: December 2024

This book studies the life and thoughts of a sixteenth-century slave in India named Jawhar Aftabachi (d. after 1587), who served as the water-carrier for the Mughal Emperor Humayun (d. 1556), and chronicled his reign in a Persian text. It reconstructs his biography as a child slave who was captured by the Ottomans or its client state the Crimean Khanate in the Black Sea region and was brought to India during the Ottoman–Portuguese wars of the early sixteenth century. Jawhar’s writing lifts the veil on a hitherto unknown fact: the presence of slavery as a major social institution in early Mughal India. It also provides a rare glimpse into the rise of the early modern world from a slave’s perspective.
Introduction
Authors: Anooshahr Ali
Published: December 2024

The introduction lays out the problematic: Who was Jawhar and why are his life and writing worth studying? How does one go about studying him based on a few self-references in his Persian history? The best method to approach Jawhar is through microhistory which has been employed mostly for European figures in the early modern period but can now be applied to Persianate figures as well. Jawhar is important because he helps us understand slavery in early Mughal India, especially in its particular iteration as spiritual discipleship. Moreover, Jawhar’s case illuminates the rise of the alienated self especially as a result of the formation of centralized states and the collapse of kinship bonds and obligations in the sixteenth century.
Morality and Leadership in Organizations
Authors: Lemoine G. James , Hartnell Chad , Effinger Alex
Published: December 2024

Morality and leadership represent two of the constructs most often jointly considered in the management literature, in the forms of moral leadership behaviors and leadership approaches as well as leadership styles and activities of more immoral content. A robust literature has emerged investigating moral and immoral leadership, most prevalently investigating the positive effects of moral leadership styles such as authentic, ethical, and servant leadership, as well as the deleterious impact of immoral leadership approaches such as abusive, destructive, and unethical leadership. Morally valenced leadership within organizations has been shown to affect outcomes for followers, teams, organizations, and external stakeholders such as customers and broader communities. The antecedents of moral leadership have more rarely been examined, with more attention to the “darker” factors precipitating leaders to act in immoral ways. Despite the volume of literature on these topics, surprisingly little scholarship has emerged connecting leadership to morally valenced attributes such as moral person factors, cognition, affect, and motivation, although theoretical connections among these constructs certainly exist. Research on moral and immoral leadership has also remained relatively siloed, and opportunities abound to consider them jointly in more nuanced models of organizational leadership and morality.
Managerial Incentives in the Mutual Fund Industry
Authors: Ma Linlin , Tang Yuehua , Wang Yuan
Published: December 2024

The domain of mutual fund management is characterized by an array of incentives that influence the decision-making of fund managers, the welfare of the fund investors, and, more broadly, the financial markets. These incentives can be categorized into three broad categories: (a) implicit incentives arising from attracting flows and managers’ career concerns, (b) explicit incentives from advisory contracts that investors have with fund advisors and the compensation contracts that fund advisors offer to portfolio managers, and (c) other incentives arising from managerial ownership, family affiliation, organization structures, disclosure regulations, and business ties.

First, implicit incentives could stem from managers’ drive to attract investor flows and enhance their career prospects. Given that fee revenue is typically linked to the value of assets under management, the incentive to attract investor flows stands out as a powerful motivator for fund managers. The convex flow–performance relation creates incentives for managers to engage in risk-taking and tournament behavior to attract flows. Career concerns can also lead managers to adopt suboptimal behavior in both risk-taking and investment.

Second, explicit incentives originate from advisory contracts between investors and fund advisors, as well as compensation agreements between fund advisors and portfolio managers. While theoretical work suggests that option-type performance-based fees should be the optimal compensation contract for managers, empirical evidence reveals that a fixed percentage of fund assets remains the prevalent compensation scheme in advisory contracts. Nonetheless, explicit bonus-type performance-based pay remains the predominant incentive scheme for individual portfolio managers.

Finally, mutual funds operate within a broader context that includes regulatory environments, fund families, and affiliations with other financial institutions. Consequently, a multitude of factors—including peer dynamics, fund family considerations, disclosure regulations, bank affiliations, and business ties—all play a critical role in shaping managerial incentives.
Slavery and US Foreign Relations
Authors: Saba Roberto
Published: December 2024

From the Revolution through the Civil War, US foreign relations offered a stage for the clash between antislavery and proslavery forces. Slaveholders and their agents, enslaved and free Black men and women, the different strands of the abolitionist movement, politicians of all persuasions, and various groups of foreigners, among others, shaped the actions and the image of the United States in the world. The question of fugitive slaves in the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812 got the United States into complicated diplomatic trouble with the British Empire. When it came to abolishing the transatlantic slave trade, however, the governments of the United States and Great Britain found some common ground. Yet while the British policed the oceans to punish slavers, US nationals continued to (illegally) carry slaves to Cuba and Brazil until the 1850s. Another source of anxiety emerging for the United States was the Haitian Revolution, which raised the specter of an independent republic of ex-slaves. But an unintended consequence of Haitian liberation favored American proslavery expansionists: defeated in the Caribbean, Napoleon Bonaparte decided to sell the Louisiana Territory to the Jefferson administration. Adding to the power of American slaveholders, the federal government acquired Florida from Spain and later went to war against Mexico, absorbing half of its territory. Expansionism would soon raise insurmountable tensions, however. The slaveholders’ plans to expand into Latin America, which materialized as filibustering expeditions, failed to accomplish their goals. The failure of proslavery expansionism after the Mexican–American War contributed to the coming of the Civil War, which completely transformed US diplomatic and trade relations along with its image before the broader world.
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Authors: Fanusie Fatimah
Published: December 2024

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and the early Ahmadiyya movement were a missing link in the narrative of American religious culture’s opening to Islam in the 20th century. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s 1880 Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya provided a comprehensive Islamic challenge to Christian missionaries in India and Western religious scholars of Islam. In 1886, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad began publishing translated segments of Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya in American Henry Olcott’s Theosophist magazine to reach a wider English-speaking readership. In 1887, Ahmad began direct correspondence with Alexander Russell Webb, an American Theosophist. These early engagements of Ghulam Ahmad with the English-speaking public preceded the formal establishment of the messianic Ahmadiyya movement in British India in 1889. Ahmad’s 1880–1893 intellectual activism paved the ground for the emergence of Muhammad Alexander Russell Webb as the Muslim American representative at the 1893 World Parliament of Religions. Close examination is also given to the English-language Ahmadiyya journal, the Review of Religions, whose 1902 founding built upon a twenty-year literary engagement of Ghulam Ahmad with American religious thinkers. Both the Ahmadiyya movement and the Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islamiyya continued to introduce Islam and Ahmad’s writings to English-speaking populations in North America and Europe in the decades after his death. As a result, the history of Islamic religious movements in the United States between 1890 and 1940 is dominated by the literature and leadership of Ghulam Ahmad and his followers. This research makes the case that Ahmad and his early supporters’ engagement with American religious society in the late 19th century should form the starting point for scholars attempting to understand how Islam developed in the United States.
History of the Encyclopedia of Social Work
Authors: Edwards Richard L. , Maxwell Julia
Published: December 2024

The Encyclopedia of Social Work had its origins in 1929 when the Russell Sage Foundation sponsored the publication of the Social Work Year Book. This was followed by 10 more editions, published approximately 2 years apart, until 1949. At that point, the publication of the Year Book was taken over by the American Association of Social Workers, which published the next two editions. In 1957, the newly formed National Association of Social Workers (NASW) took on the role of publishing the 13th and 14th editions of the Year Book. In 1965, NASW published the 15th edition under a new title: Encyclopedia of Social Work, which was the first edition to include biographies. The 16th edition, published in 1971, was the first to include two volumes. The 17th edition, published in 1977, began a practice of publishing supplements before an entirely new edition was published. The 19th edition, published in 1995, was the first to include three volumes and was the first to be made available in CD-ROM format. It was followed by supplements published in 1997 and 2003. The 20th edition (2008) was the first to be published digitally (in 2013), included four volumes, and was published in a partnership between NASW and Oxford University Press. This was followed in 2023 by publication of the Encyclopedia of Macro Social Work.
State-led Development and Migrants’ Resilience in the City of the Forest
Authors: de Sant’Ana Thaís R S
Published: December 2024

State-led initiatives to nationalize Brazilian Amazonia during the interwar period framed uncontrolled human mobility as a significant threat to state and property interests that needed to be managed. As political centralization intensified disparities and decision-making power in the region, a culture of internal-migrant resilience became stronger. By focusing on dynamics taking place in Manaus, the city of the forest, this article shows that the ability of self-driven people-on-the-move to navigate fraught environments and negotiate socioeconomic inequality was crucial not only during the economic rubber boom but also in the 1920s and 1930s, particularly throughout Amazonia’s rubber crisis.
Exploring Submerged Resilience
Authors: Reinhardt Bob H
Published: December 2024

Submerged under the reservoirs for large dams lie the remains of displaced communities that reveal the depths of “resilience.” Exploring the histories of such places brings to the surface not only a wide spectrum of resistance (the most common yet most limited definition of “resilience”) but also resilience in two forms: (1) an insistence on the value of inundated communities and the perspectives of people who call them home, and (2) the persistence of such places and people. These ideas have emerged out of the Atlas of Drowned Towns (drownedtowns.com). This digital public history project creates processes and spaces in which communities affected by dam-induced displacement can participate in finding, remembering, and making sense of the histories of such places. Currently under development with a focus on thirteen dams in Oregon’s Willamette Valley, the project’s processes include community outreach, engagement, and archiving events called “History Jamborees,” which help build a digital archive that contributes to the Atlas’s website. The artifacts, stories, and memories shared with the Atlas of Drowned Towns reveal acts of resistance, insistence, and persistence in the past, and those acts of sharing and participation themselves provide opportunities to express and define resilience in the present.
The Lancashire Plague Petitions
Authors: Anderson Rachel
Published: December 2024

Historians typically explore the resilience of past societies in terms of large-scale outcomes like population levels. In contrast, this paper explores the process of recovering from outbreaks of plague in smaller communities, households, and even by individuals. In doing so, it examines resilience on a micro-level in terms of the economic, emotional, and practical concerns of individuals following a period of crisis. This paper showcases six early modern petitions, each transcribed here in full, providing insight into the responses of communities to severe outbreaks of epidemic disease. These sources reveal the practical measures required to foster resilience: each petition demonstrates a series of unique needs and essential interventions. The usual systems of relief proved inadequate when faced with the unprecedented demands of plague. This made the bonds between friends and neighbors crucial to the survival of their communities. Only when these bonds were pushed to their breaking point did early modern people turn to authorities. These petitions show us when and why those points were reached.
Ecologies of Resilience
Authors: Cushman Gregory T , Jackson Trisha , Feddema Johannes J
Published: December 2024

The history of Rapa Nui has often been told as a cautionary tale meant to reflect on the destructive tendencies of our own civilization, but it looks quite different when told from a Rapanui perspective. This interdisciplinary study uses new source materials to explore an extraordinary story of Native resilience: seldom-used oral histories from Rapanui elders from the 1910s, a Rapanui-language account of its original settlement, and a newly reconstructed Rapanui Chronology of Years, as well as the latest physical data of environmental change on the island, reconstructions of the ancient night sky, and an innovative model of the historical productivity of traditional crops. They reveal the exact stars and winds the ancient Rapanui followed to locate this island originally; their embrace of new crop varieties, animals, and cultivation methods to ensure their subsistence; and their vulnerability to severe droughts and climate change. Rapanui resilience experienced its greatest test during the 1860s and 1870s when interethnic conflict, a punishing La Niña drought, introduced diseases, plantation enslavement, Catholic missionization, and colonization by outsiders struck the island in waves. But Rapanui elders remembered these events as much for their tenacious resistance and resilience to these challenges as for their tragic loss.
Evaluating the potential for iodinated radiocontrast agents to interfere with ADAMTS13 activity testing via fluorescence resonance energy transfer methodology
Authors: Jacobs Jeremy W , Stuart Melissa S , Tange Julie I , Leger Rachel R , Ashrani Aneel A , Chen Dong , Pruthi Rajiv K , Sridharan Meera , Seheult Jansen N
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)–based ADAMTS13 activity assays are critical for the diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, these assays are susceptible to interference. As iodide has been suggested to interfere in laboratory testing via fluorophore quenching or promotion, we aimed to determine whether iodinated contrast (Omnipaque) interferes with the ATS-13 ADAMTS13 Activity Assay 2.0.

Methods

We evaluated the excitation, emission, and absorbance spectrum of Omnipaque alone and spiked in patient plasma with known ADAMTS13 activity and ADAMTS13 activity on Omnipaque alone, an abnormal control of patient plasma previously observed to display elevated baseline relative fluorescent units, and variable concentrations of patient plasma with known ADAMTS13 activity spiked with Omnipaque.

Results

No atypical fluorescent peaks were observed on any sample (Omnipaque alone or spiked in plasma) between 250 and 700 nm. There was no difference in the mean ADAMTS13 activity among the various concentrations of plasma spiked with Omnipaque or plasma spiked with saline.

Conclusions

Iodinated contrast does not appear to interfere—either via spectral overlap of the fluorophore or through physiologic inhibition of the ADAMTS13 enzyme—with ADAMTS13 activity FRET-based assays based on the findings from this in vitro analysis. Delaying sample collection for ADAMTS13 activity testing from suspected patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura following administration of iodinated radiocontrast agents is not necessary, and recent contrast administration should not yield erroneous ADAMTS13 activity results.
Dietary copper, zinc, copper/zinc ratio intakes and irritable bowel syndrome risk: a large-scale prospective cohort study from UK Biobank
Authors: Zhuang Yan , Li Laifu , Ran Yan , Zhang Yanqi , Chen Jiamiao , Liu Xuna , Zeng Beibei , Zhu Boxu , Dai Fei
Published: December 2024

Studies have suggested that dietary copper and zinc intakes may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), however, prospective evidence is lacking. This study aimed to prospectively investigate the relationship between dietary copper, zinc, and copper/zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio intakes and the development of IBS in a long-term cohort. A total of 175,421 participants in the UK Biobank without IBS at baseline were included. Dietary intake was assessed by the Oxford WebQ. New-onset IBS was identified using ICD-10 codes (K58). Cox proportional hazard models were applied. During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, 2240 individuals were newly diagnosed with IBS. Copper, zinc, and Cu/Zn ratio intakes all showed U-shaped relationships with IBS incidence. When copper intake <1.5 mg/day and zinc intake <10 mg/day, the risk of IBS significantly decreased with increasing copper and zinc intakes [HR copper (95%CI), 0.791(0.647,0.967); HR zinc (95%CI), 0.967(0.937,0.998)]. No significant association was found when copper intake ≥1.5 mg/day and zinc intake ≥10 mg/day. Subgroup analysis suggested a moderate increase in zinc intake was more helpful for preventing IBS in < 60-year-old participants. Moderately increasing dietary zinc intake and maintaining dietary copper and Cu/Zn ratio in a reasonable range is beneficial in reducing IBS incidence.
Relationship between medication regimen complexity and pharmacist engagement in fluid stewardship
Authors: Smith Susan E , Smith Logan T , Sikora Andrea , Branan Trisha N , Bland Christopher M , Hawkins W Anthony
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The medication regimen complexity intensive care unit (MRC-ICU) score has previously been associated with pharmacist workload and fluid overload. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of MRC-ICU score with pharmacist-driven fluid stewardship recommendations as a means of establishing its role in risk stratifying critically ill patients for pharmacist intervention.

Methods

Adult patients admitted to the medical ICU and followed by the academic pharmacy team were included in this retrospective, single-center cohort study. Patient and pharmacist data were collected via electronic medical record and surveillance tool, respectively. MRC-ICU and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were captured at ICU admission. The primary outcome was correlation between MRC-ICU score and number of pharmacist-driven fluid stewardship recommendations. Secondary outcomes included the relationships between MRC-ICU score, accepted recommendations, and patient outcomes (fluid overload and length of stay [LOS]). Descriptive statistics were calculated for each variable. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was used.

Results

Of 168 patients, 22 (13%) experienced fluid overload. Median MRC-ICU and SOFA scores were 13 and 7, respectively, and were higher for patients experiencing fluid overload than for those without fluid overload. MRC-ICU had a weakly positive correlation with the number of pharmacist-driven fluid stewardship recommendations (ρ = 0.200; P = 0.010), fluid overload (ρ = 0.167; P = 0.030), and ICU LOS (ρ = 0.354; P < 0.001). These relationships remained true when looking at only the fluid stewardship recommendations that were accepted by the team.

Conclusion

MRC-ICU displayed a weakly positive correlation with pharmacist workload, suggesting its potential use in identifying patients likely to benefit from pharmacist intervention.
Medication administration by inpatient pharmacists: Innovative interdisciplinary care teams
Authors: Boothby Lisa , Webb Emily , Goodlett Deborah , Brown Kellee , Odinet Johlee
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Pharmacists traditionally provide clinical pharmacy services in acute care settings. Two hospitals within our system integrated medication administration pharmacists into inpatient interdisciplinary care teams. Goals of this interdisciplinary care model were to improve productivity, quality, safety, patient satisfaction, and team member engagement while decreasing waste in the medication-use process and reliance on external nursing agency support.

The new pharmacy role of medication administration pharmacist (MAP pharmacist) was integrated into the inpatient interdisciplinary care team. This new pharmacy role was not responsible for order verification in the electronic medical record. MAP pharmacists administered 99% of medications for assigned patients, averaging 100 to 120 medication administrations per day. Pharmacists educated patients about medications, including their purpose and most common adverse effects, using the teach-back method. Patient satisfaction scores increased 37% for patients’ ability to understand adverse effects of medications and 44% for understanding the purpose of their new medications. Annual nursing staff turnover decreased from 30% to 7%, with a $2 million decrease in external nurse agency spend from 2022 to 2023. Pharmacist team member satisfaction scores, as measured on a Press Ganey scale ranging from 1 (poor) to 5 (very good), remained high, at a mean of 4.00 for engagement, with “progress,” “quality work, and “knows what is expected” cited as strengths (mean scores of 4.23-4.46). The mean Press-Ganey score for pharmacy well-being increased from 3.80 in 2022 to 3.99 in 2023. Pharmacy opportunities identified via survey include enhanced communication and continued professional development. Post implementation, all surveyed nurses requested medication administration pharmacists on the inpatient interdisciplinary care team moving forward.

Conclusion

The interdisciplinary care team with pharmacists enhanced medication safety and quality indicators, improved nursing satisfaction with workflow, and had a positive impact on patient satisfaction. Increased nursing capacity allowed for expanded assignments and nurse-to-patient ratios, as well as decreased reliance on external nurse agency support. Due to the overwhelming success of the initiative, MAP pharmacists’ role as part of the interdisciplinary care team is being expanded to additional hospital service lines throughout the healthcare system.
Temperature and plant-available soil phosphorus drive intraspecific variation in plant economic traits of Schima superba across an elevation gradient
Authors: Li Jinlong , Westerband Andrea C , Wright Ian J , Li Xueqin , Du Jingui , Zhong Quanlin , Hu Dandan , Cheng Dongliang
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

The whole-plant economics spectrum describes coordination between organ-level traits that together determine resource-use strategies and is relevant for understanding plant responses to environmental change. Although coordination between organs has been explored previously across species, it remains unclear whether patterns observed across species hold within species. In addition, the key driving forces underlying this coordination warrant clarification.

Methods

In this study, we used univariate (regression analysis) and multivariate (principal components analysis and network analysis) analyses to investigate the environmental drivers of intraspecific trait variation and, consequently, trait covariation, focusing on leaf and fine root traits. We sampled 60 individuals of Schima superba, a widespread evergreen tree, across five elevations in a subtropical forest in China, measuring traits associated with resource use and capture, including photosynthesis, specific root length and root diameter.

Key Results

Leaf and root traits were significantly correlated within species, forming a whole-plant economics spectrum. We found that plants at low and high elevations had more resource-acquisitive traits than at intermediate elevation. Notably, leaf and root traits, in addition to a composite variable that contained both, varied non-linearly with elevation. Leaf trait variation was driven primarily by temperature, whereas root trait variation and a composite variable containing leaf and root traits were most strongly influenced by temperature and plant-available soil phosphorus.

Conclusions

Our findings show that the coordinated responses of individual traits to climate and soil properties underlie intraspecific variation in whole-plant resource-use strategies across environmental gradients. These findings are contrary to recent studies that have found evidence of decoupling between above- and below-ground traits, which suggests that there is selection for coordination among traits in S. superba. Thus, our study enhances our understanding of the key drivers and the ecological significance of environmentally driven intraspecific trait variation.
‘We can fix this. Let’s get you out of trouble, son’: an analysis of the transitivity and appraisal patterns in the Netflix TV show When They See Us
Authors: Bartley Leanne , Trevisan Piergiorgio
Published: December 2024

The fascination with crime, as evident from its extensive coverage in novels and on television, remains a topic of interest for the general public. This fascination often elicits responses rooted in deeply held values and can significantly impact individuals. Consequently, people’s attitudes toward interrogations, trials, and punishments may be strongly influenced by the discourse surrounding crime as portrayed in fictional texts. The primary objective of this article is to contribute to the body of research that has delved into the influential role of ideology in shaping narratives centred on crime stories. Specifically, through a linguistic analysis of transitivity and appraisal patterns in the first episode of the TV series When They See Us, this study addresses two fundamental research questions: 1) What does a transitivity analysis of process and participant types reveal about the construction of ‘a criminal character’ and how may this contribute to a presupposition of guilt? 2) What can an Appraisal analysis tell us about the evaluative portrayal of ‘a criminal character’ and how may this contribute to a presupposition of guilt? The aim is to provide insights into how the discursive representation of specific social groups, exemplified here by black Hispanic teenagers, simultaneously reflects and influences public perceptions, particularly when the discourse emanates from authoritative figures.