bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PASSADO E PRESENTE EM TEXTOS TECIDOS POR MULHERES: DO PROCESSO HISTÓRICO DE SUBORDINAÇÃO DAS MULHERES À ESCALADA DE MARIA FIRMINA DOS REIS E A LITERATURA AFRO-BRASILEIRA
Authors: Sousa Larissa da Silva
Published: October 2024

Esta pesquisa reflete a trajetória intelectual de Maria Firmina dos Reis, a partir da elaboração de uma tradição literária de mulheres brasileiras. Tem o objetivo de refletir sobre o percurso que as escritoras trilharam desde o século XIX até o projeto da Editora Mulheres e a ascensão de Maria Firmina como expoente da literatura afro-brasileira. Para a sua construção, recorremos a uma pesquisa de que envolve desde a história das mulheres até os estudos recentes sobre o conceito de literatura afro-brasileira, para tal acionamos estudos de DEL PRIORE (2011); PERROT (2009); DUARTE (2011); SOUZA (2006), entre outros. Fica evidente a partir deste estudo que as mulheres precisaram percorrer uma rota composta por muitos desafios, sobretudo as mulheres negras, para ascender enquanto escritoras e intelectuais no Brasil e que estudos que versam sobre elas estão cada vez mais necessários e crescentes nas universidades brasileiras.
BURNOUT
Authors: De Cássio Silva Denilson
Published: October 2024

Poema que tenta expressar uma experiência-limite, relacionada aos efeitos da sobrecarga de trabalho.
O NOVELO
Authors: Nobre Queiroz Maria Luciana
Published: October 2024

Poemas de Luciana Nobre
RACISMO ESTRUTURAL E NEGAÇÃO DE DIREITOS EM QUARTO DE DESPEJO, DE CAROLINA MARIA DE JESUS
Authors: Santos Almeida Evelyn
Published: October 2024

Este artigo analisa o racismo estrutural e a negação de direitos em "Quarto de Despejo" (1960), de Carolina Maria de Jesus, destacando as condições de vida da população marginalizada nas periferias urbanas brasileiras na década de 1960. O objetivo é discutir como o racismo negou direitos e impactou a vida da autora e dos negros até hoje, com base em teóricos como Almeida (2018), Carneiro (2006), Gonzalez(1982), entre outros.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO LÚDICO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS CRIANÇAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Rodrigues Rosangela Ferreira
Published: October 2024

Este trabalho é resultado dos estudos sobre o lúdico, cujo objetivo foi conhecer sua importância no desenvolvimento das crianças na educação infantil, esse artigo corresponde a estudos de natureza quantitativa no qual foi elaborado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica realizada com fundamentações de Almeida (2003), Freire (1996), Kishimoto (2002), Piaget (1971), Queiroz (2011) dentre outros. Com este trabalho conhecemos o lúdico através de um olhar além da sala de aula para entendermos sua importância e o porquê ele é tão importante para o ensino e aprendizagem como momento de diversão e construção de saberes. Durante a construção deste artigo privilegiamos as contribuições do lúdico no processo de ensino aprendizagem como uma ferramenta pedagógica na aquisição de conhecimentos, o trabalho do educador e o brincar em sala de aula no desenvolvimento infantil. Dessa forma compreendemos que ludicidade e educação devem estar ligados, sendo o professor o elo entre os dois. O resultado deste trabalho mostra que educar não é ato simples que o professor planeja as ações e executa aleatoriamente mais sim um ato complexo que envolve compromisso e respeito com as crianças e suas necessidades, no qual é preciso entender a importância das atividades lúdicas no seu desenvolvimento. Sendo o lúdico mais que diversão uma ferramenta pedagógica no qual o educador precisa se reinventar constantemente para desenvolver a educação infantil.
Impact of Latex Sensitization on Asthma and Rhinitis Progression: A Study at Abidjan-Cocody University Hospital - Côte d’Ivoire (Progression of Asthma and Rhinitis related to Latex Sensitization)
Authors: Dasse Sery Romuald , KL Siransy , N Koffi , RO Yeboah , EK Nguessan , HA Adou , VP Goran-Kouacou , AU Assi , JY Seri , S Moussa , D Oura , CL Memel , H Koya , E Atoukoula
Published: October 2024

Background: The frequency of latex allergy is increasing, posing a major health problem. This increase is related to the widespread use of latex materials and cross-reactions between latex proteins and certain foods. This cross-reactivity makes latex avoidance difficult, and latex sensitization is likely to worsen atopic conditions. Objective: The authors evaluated the role of latex sensitization in the poor control of asthma and rhinitis. Methodology: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 1860 patients of all ages and genders, followed up for allergic asthma and rhinitis since March 2012 in the Immuno-Allergology Unit of the Cocody University Hospital in Abidjan. Prick tests with native extracts and the European standard battery were performed to identify allergenic sensitization. The impact of latex sensitization on asthma and rhinitis control was assessed by calculating odds ratios. Results: A high frequency of latex sensitization was associated with asthma and rhinitis. The risks of poor control were related to monosensitization to latex and were even higher in the context of polysensitization. Conclusion: The impact of latex sensitization on the progression of asthma and rhinitis has been well demonstrated. It is recommended to integrate the latex sensitization status into the therapeutic management strategy of these two pathologies.
Analysis of Endophoric Reference in Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland
Authors: Fathi Huwari Ibrahim , Erkir Sarp , Ata Alkhaldi Ali , Royani Ida
Published: October 2024

This study explores the references in Lewis Carroll's ‘Alice in Wonderland,' using Halliday and Hasan's method of cohesion analysis. Specifically, the present study aims to extract the story's endophoric references (anaphoric and cataphoric) as used by the main character, Alice. By using a qualitative approach, through reading and analyzing the data of Alice’s utterances, it has been revealed that they employ two aspects of reference: anaphoric and cataphoric. There are 153 anaphoric references and 116 cataphoric references. Further, both kinds of reference are divided into two types: personal and demonstrative. It is the personal references that dominate. The researchers were able to clarify the role of anaphora and cataphora in the story as a way of building up cohesiveness in the text, and further recommendations are discussed at the end of the paper.
MODERN SONRASI ZAMANLARDA KOLEKTİVİTEDEN KOPUŞ: GÜNDELİK HAYATTA BİREYSELLEŞMENİN TEZAHÜRLERİ VE DEĞERLERİN YENİDEN İNŞASI
Authors: Ünal Serdar , Şahin Hatipoğlu Gülden
Published: October 2024

Dünya tarihinde en önemli toplumsal değişimlerden biri, toplum merkezli anlayıştan yani kolektiviteden birey merkezli anlayışa geçiş, yani bireyselleşmenin artışı olmuştur. Modernleşme sürecinde toplumlarda yaşanan bazı değişimler, geleneksel toplumsal bağların çözülmesine neden olmuş ve bu durum giderek daha fazla bireyselleşme, toplumsal parçalanma ve yabancılaşmaya yol açmıştır. Geleneksel toplumsal pratiklerde yaşanan çözülmelerin, sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik birçok alanda geniş kapsamlı etkiler yaratacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu değişimlerin, özellikle genç kuşak bireylerin gündelik hayatın farklı alanlarına ilişkin tutumlarında gözlemlenebileceği düşünülebilir. Dolayısıyla, araştırmanın temel amacı, modern yaşamın bireylere sunduğu kurallar ve sınırlar çerçevesinde kolektif bağlardan sıyrılmanın ve deneyimlenen bireyselleşmenin gündelik hayattaki tezahürlerini ve etkilerini anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Bu yönde, kolektiviteden uzaklaşmanın, kopuşun ve bireyselleşmenin bireylerin gündelik hayatlarındaki göstergelerini nicel ve nitel ampirik veriler aracılığıyla çok boyutlu olarak tespit etmek çalışmanın odak noktasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, bireyselliğin damgasını vurduğu, yüzeysel ve geçici olan her şeyin önem kazandığı günümüz çağında bağlılıkların görece tamamen ya da kısmen ortadan kalkması ile her birey kendi hayatının yazarı olma fırsatını yakalamıştır. Bireyselliğe dayalı modern akışkan toplumun insanı, kolektif bağlarla kuşatılmış olan geleneksel insanın tersine, özgürlüğe daha düşkündür. Bu anlamda, bireyler kendi tercihleri ile bir yaşam inşa etme deneyimini tehlikeye atacak her türlü karışımdan ve değerden de yalnızlığı kendine yetebilme mertebesine çıkararak uzak dururlar. Yalnızlık bu noktada kendiliğin ve kendine ait bir yaşamın en önemli kalkanı ve koruyucusudur. Çünkü birey tüm bağlardan ve dolayısıyla engellemelerden muaf olduğu bu kendisini inşa edebilir, tanıyabilir ve geliştirebilir. Bu noktada kültür gibi kolektif bir dış otorite ya da sorumluluk ve yükümlülük gerektiren her şey bireyin hayatından dışlanır ya da her kültürel değer sübjektif koşullara göre yeniden yorumlanır, ortaklık kurulacak her birey sınırlar çeperinde tutulur.
Prevalence and Pathologic Characterization of Mouse Kidney Parvovirus in Sentinel CD1 Mice
Authors: Ge Zhongming , Feng Yan , Parry Nicola M , Annamalai Damodaran , Carrasco Sebastian E , Guo Melody , Muthupalani Sureshkumar , Erdman Susan E , Fox James G
Published: October 2024

Mouse kidney parvovirus (MKPV) infection can cause significant morbidity and mortality by inducing moderate to severe inclusion body nephropathy and kidney fibrosis in aged immunodeficient mice. However, MKPV infection in immunocompetent mice is associated with histopathologic findings ranging from absent to minimal or moderate lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis without inclusion body in most cases. We surveyed the prevalence of MKPV via PCR from August 2019 through January 2021, using feces, kidneys, and livers collected and pooled from 2 sentinel mice [Crl:CD1(ICR)] (CD1) per surveillance cage (a total of 212 cages). CD1 mice used as dirty-bedding sentinels were housed for 6 mo in a separate cage on the same rack as colony mice used in research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. MKPV quantitative PCR positivity was 16.04%, 14.62%, and 10.02% for feces, kidney, and liver, respectively. The aggregate prevalence of MKPV was 22.64% (48 of 212 samples). Thirty-three of 103 rooms (32.04%) were MKPV positive. MKPV-positive kidneys had more severe chronic lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis (CLIN) than MKPV-negative kidneys; however, there was no significant difference in hepatic lesions between MKPV-positive and -negative livers. Although no overt intranuclear inclusion body nephropathy was noted in MKPV-positive CD1 kidneys, MKPV RNA was sporadically detected within tubular epithelial cells in MKPV-positive kidneys but not in MKPV-positive livers. Our study indicates that MKPV can be easily transmitted through soiled bedding. It highlights that CD1 mice can be used as sentinels to detect MKPV, emphasizing the importance of monitoring MKPV distribution using quantitative PCR in sentinel mice if MKPV needs to be excluded from a colony. Importantly, as MKPV infection is associated with mild to moderate CLIN, MKPV can potentially confound the interpretation of in vivo biomedical data.
Exploring the Behavioral Traits of Male Mutant Crup Mice as an Experimental Neurodegenerative Disease Model
Authors: Alexandre-Ribeiro Sandra Regina , Massironi Silvia Maria Gomes , Wadt Danilo , de Souza Tiago Antonio , Suffredini Ivana Barbosa , Bernardi Maria Martha , Mori Claudia Madalena Cabrera
Published: October 2024

The congenic BALB/c-crup (‘crup’ meaning ‘cruza-pernas’ in Portuguese or cross legs in English), a homozygous recessive mutant mouse derived from N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis, exhibits a unique phenotype characterized by hindlimb crossing when the mouse is suspended by its tail, along with age-related neuromotor issues. The study aimed to identify the genetic mutation causing the BALB/c-crup phenotype and evaluate the behavioral responses of the mice. Open field test, elevated plus maze, and elevated beam experiments were conducted to evaluate general activity, motor function, as well as sensorimotor and autonomic nervous systems. Genetic mapping and exome analysis identified a nonsynonymous (missense mutation), a single nucleotide variant, in the Taf15 gene. This mutation results in the p.G55S substitution, where glycine is replaced by serine at position 55 in the gene product. Longitudinal assessment by the open field test revealed altered locomotion, decreased mobility, and reduced rearing and grooming frequency in mutant mice. Sensorimotor function declines were observed through reduced surface righting reflex scores, grip strength, and increased hindquarter angle. In the elevated beam test, mutants exhibited tail hypotonia and aversion to traversing the beam. The elevated plus maze revealed altered behavior in closed arms, suggesting increased anxiety-like behavior or sensorimotor impairment. Our findings provide insights into neurologic and behavioral anomalies associated with a Taf15 gene mutation. The altered locomotion, sensory impairments, and disorientation observed in the crup phenotype indicate a progressive neuromotor condition, potentially serving as a novel mouse model for neurodegenerative diseases.
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Disinfectants in Reducing Contamination of Bacterial and Viral Murine Pathogens on Gloved Hands
Authors: Smachlo Julia P , Hart Marcia L , Evans Michael D , Kick Brenda L
Published: October 2024

Disinfectant application to gloved hands before handling SPF mice is standard practice to minimize transmission of pathogens and microbial contamination between cages. The risk of contamination with murine pathogens on gloves as well as the efficacy of disinfectant application for this step is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine if murine norovirus (MNV), Helicobacter spp., and Rodentibacter spp. are detectable on gloved hands and, if they are, to evaluate how effective the application of a hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectant (Rescue) or 70% ethanol is in reducing the transfer of these pathogens while handling multiple cages of mice. Mice with natural infections of these pathogens were handled without the application of any disinfectant and the gloves were swabbed for PCR testing. All pathogens were detected via PCR with Helicobacter spp. the most frequently transferred in 83% of the cages handled. The mice were then divided into 4 treatment groups based on the product applied to gloves before handling: Rescue, 70% ethanol, sterile water, and no product. Mice in each cage were briefly handled, and the gloves were swabbed with ATP swabs after each cage and swabs for PCR testing after handling 4 and 9 cages, consecutively. All pathogens were detected via PCR in all treatment groups, and neither Rescue nor 70% ethanol was superior to water or no product in reducing contamination. Rescue and 70% ethanol were effective in maintaining lower levels of organic microbial contamination than water and no product for consecutive handling of up to 3 and 4 cages of mice, respectively. This study indicates that exposure to MNV, Helicobacter spp., and Rodentibacter spp. from handling mice is a risk and the application of Rescue or 70% ethanol is not completely effective in eliminating transfer of these pathogens.
Resistance of barley cultivars and accessions to pathotypes of the spot blotch causative agent
Authors: Lashina N. M. , Afanasenko O. S.
Published: October 2024

Background. The spot blotch disease caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana has become a serious problem for barley. Utilization of resistant or tolerant barley cultivars ensures sustainable diversity conservation and environmentfriendly crop production. Thus, supplying barley breeders with sources of resistance to harmful diseases is an urgent task. Materials and methods. A set of 100 barley accessions, earlier selected for different levels of resistance to B. sorokiniana, served as the material for this study. Eleven isolates of B. sorokiniana of various geographic origin, belonging to 4 pathotypes, were used for testing. The resistance of barley seedlings was assessed under controlled laboratory conditions, and that of adult plants under artificial infection pressure in the field. Responses to B. sorokiniana were scored using the 0–9 rating scale.Results and conclusions. Barley genotypes with race-specific resistance to the spot blotch causative agent were identified. The percentage of barley genotypes resistant to five isolates of B. sorokiniana pathotype 1 averaged 24.2%; two isolates of pathotype 3, 29.5%; three isolates of pathotype 7, 18.3%; and one isolate of pathotype 0, 37%. Barley accessions manifesting resistance in their seedlings, but susceptible in the phase of milk-wax ripeness, and vice versa, with seedling susceptibility and adult resistance, were identified. Six (6) barley genotypes showed seedling and adult resistance to pathotype 1, nine (9) to pathotype 3, and two (2) to pathotype 7. No barley accessions resistant to all isolates of the pathogen were found.
Esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva: resultados posoperatorios en 99 pacientes intervenidos en un hospital universitario
Authors: Ramírez Juan Camilo , Córdoba Adriana , Ángel Santiago , Merchán Sebastián
Published: October 2024

Introducción. La esofagectomía mínimamente invasiva (EMI) ha venido ganando popularidad debido a los resultados obtenidos en términos de seguridad, mortalidad, complicaciones y calidad de vida, así como los resultados oncológicos comparables a los obtenidos con la cirugía por vía abierta.
Métodos. Estudio de cohorte de pacientes en quienes se llevó a cabo una EMI en la Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá Hospital de San José, en Bogotá, D.C., Colombia, entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2020.
Resultados. Se incluyeron 99 pacientes, 52 hombres y 47 mujeres, con una edad media de 56 años; 58 tenían enfermedades benignas y 41 neoplasias del esófago. En 76 se llevó a cabo un abordaje de McKeown y en 23 una esofagectomía transhiatal por laparoscopia con anastomosis cervical. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 240 minutos y la media del sangrado de 140 ml. Seis pacientes fallecieron (6 %) y hubo 21 complicaciones en 14 pacientes (14 %), con 8 fugas de la anastomosis esofagogástrica (8 %) y 4 pacientes con neumonía (4 %).
Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos confirman que la EMI es un procedimiento factible y seguro, cuyos beneficios la han convertido en el abordaje de elección para la resección y reconstrucción del esófago. No obstante, se trata de una cirugía compleja, con una curva de aprendizaje prolongada, que debe ser realizada en centros con altos volúmenes y por cirujanos expertos. La selección de los pacientes debe hacerse de manera individual teniendo en cuenta las comorbilidades, los recursos disponibles y la experticia del grupo quirúrgico.
Stress and Built Environments: Assessing Architectural and Urban Impacts
Authors: Khaleghımoghaddam Navid
Published: October 2024

Considering the intricate relationship between the built environment and users’ mental well-being, the present study aims to evaluate how architectural and urban spaces significantly influence stress levels of residents. In this regard, the neighbourhood of Aydogdu in the city of Konya, where traditional and modern lifestyles are in conflict and certain urban problems are beginning to emerge, was chosen as a case study. Data were collected by using the questionnaire on environmental factors causing stress in the neighborhood and Dass’ Standard Questionnaire for measuring stress. Data analysis was performed through using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the results showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of stress in the neighborhood. Accordingly, the factor of environmental qualities has the greatest impact, and the climatic factors have the least relationship with the stress of citizens. The results of regression analysis showed that environmental qualities, visual elements, and regulation of environmental conditions predicted 67% of citizens’ stress. The analysis of variance also indicated that young people aged 18 to 46 years are more influenced by the factors in which environmental stressors are found.
Individual Differences in Parental Support for Home-Numeracy in Pre-schoolers with Intellectual Disabilities: A Cluster Analytic Approach
Authors: Charitaki Garyfalia , Alevriadou Anastasia , Kypriotaki Maria
Published: October 2024

Mathematics education during the early years involves researching the role of parental practices that could promote numeracy directly or indirectly. In cases of pre-schoolers with Intellectual Disabilities, the phenomenon is characterized by more complexity. This study aims to shed light on the individual differences in parental support for home-numeracy in pre-schoolers with Intellectual Disabilities taking into consideration the parent’s expectations about his/her child's school readiness. We employed a two-step cluster analysis in a sample of n=374 parents. Statistical analysis yielded seven different profiles for participating parents, including profiles from (1) Moderate Expectations, Few Numeracy-Related Activities to (7) High Expectations, High Numeracy-Related Activities. Also, we examined the effects of activities related to direct literacy, fine motor, and general skills unrelated to mathematics or literacy that parents employ to assist their children during this critical developmental period.
Nystagmus and Fixations in Eye-Tracker Data
Authors: Heller Georg
Published: October 2024

Analyzing the waveforms of nystagmus from eye-tracking records is essential for the clinical interpretation of this abnormal eye movement. A significant challenge in automating this analysis lies in the interference of natural eye movements and eye blink artifacts with the signals of interest. We propose a method utilizing Convolutional Dictionary Learning to effectively distinguish between nystagmus waveforms and natural motion. Our simulations demonstrate that this approach can enhance pattern recovery, and we provide clinical examples to showcase its performance. Furthermore, the assessment of nystagmus in patients with neurological disorders is vital for accurate differential diagnosis, as highlighted by numerous studies in neuro-otology and neuro-ophthalmology, which focus on various types of nystagmus like vestibular, positional, and optokinetic. Regular updates on the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of these findings are necessary. Critical aspects of clinical practice include a detailed description of nystagmus features such as its three-dimensional beating direction, triggers, and duration. The differential diagnosis for conditions like downbeat nystagmus is extensive, encompassing acute intoxications, neurodegenerative disorders, and cerebrovascular issues, while accurately differentiating between common benign and rare but serious central causes in positional nystagmus cases is crucial.
Use of Hybrid Bracing Systems in Tall Buildings to Mitigate Earthquake Effects
Authors: Hatami Dezdarani Vahid , Pour Mohammadi Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

With the growing construction of tall buildings in seismically active regions, the need for resilient systems to withstand seismic forces has become increasingly important. Bracing systems play a key role in enhancing the stability of structures, but traditional steel braces alone have limitations such as high weight and limited flexibility in responding to sudden seismic loads. This study explores the use of hybrid bracing systems, which combine steel and composite materials, to mitigate seismic effects. These hybrid braces, due to the lightweight and high strength of composite materials alongside the rigidity of steel, can more effectively absorb and dissipate seismic energy.
 
The research methodology involves numerical modeling using structural simulation software like ABAQUS and ETABS. In these models, the performance of tall buildings with hybrid bracing systems is simulated under various earthquake intensities and compared with structures equipped with traditional bracing systems. Evaluation criteria include inter-story drift, reduction of forces at structural connections, and overall structural stability improvement.
 
Preliminary results indicate that hybrid bracing systems can significantly reduce seismic forces and minimize structural damage. Additionally, the lightweight nature of composite materials helps reduce the overall weight of the structure, which can lower construction costs. This research offers engineers and designers an innovative solution for improving the stability of tall buildings against seismic forces.
This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the study, including the introduction, importance of the topic, methodology, and expected outcomes.
Assessing private solutions to collective action problems in a 34-nation study
Authors: Malthouse Eugene , Pilgrim Charlie , Sgroi Daniel , Accerenzi Michela , Alfonso Antonio , Ashraf Rana Umair , Banerjee Sanchayan , Belianin Alexis , Choi Syngjoo , Clochard Gwen-Jiro , Denzon Eduardo Ezekiel , Dini Giorgio , Exadaktylos Filippos , Filiz-Ozbay Emel , Galeotti Fabio , HANAKI Nobuyuki , Huang Lingbo , Iris Doruk , Kiss Hubert Janos , Koch Juliane , Kovářík Jaromír , Leites Martin , Morren Meike , Nockur Laila , Oudah Mayada , Ozkes Ali , Page Lionel , Pfattheicher Stefan , Sanjaya Muhammad Ryan , Schwaiger Rene , Staněk Rostislav , Spycher Sarah , Tavoni Alessandro , te Velde Vera L. , Wang Joseph Tao-yi , Weng Wei-Chien , Wooders John , Hills Thomas
Published: October 2024

Collective action problems emerge when individual incentives and group interests are misaligned, as in the case of climate change. Individuals involved in collective action problems are often considered to have two options: contribute towards a public solution or free-ride. But they might also choose a third option of investing in a private solution such as local climate change adaptation. Here we introduce a collective action game featuring wealth inequality caused by luck or merit and both public and private solutions with participants from 34 countries. We show that the joint existence of wealth inequality and private solutions has a consistent effect across countries: participants endowed with higher income choose the private solution almost twice as often as those endowed with lower income; and this finding cannot be explained by different sources of wealth (luck vs. merit) or by cultural or economic factors. We also show that preferences for private solutions undermine support for public solutions, resulting in wealth inequality increasing in every country. In contrast, we identify two universal pathways to successful public solution provision: early contributions to public solutions and conditional cooperation. Our findings highlight the ubiquity of the ‘private solution problem’ and its potential consequences for global collective action problems.
Can separate special education settings still be perceived as inclusive? A critical examination of Finnish primary teachers’ attitudes
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Luedtke Leah , Malet Régis , Malinen Olli-Pekka
Published: October 2024

Recent quantitative research showcased Finnish primary teachers’ reluctance towards inclusive education. This study examines Finnish primary classroom teachers’ perceptions of inclusive education and its relationship relative to separate special education settings in Finland. Thematic analysis is used to analyse interview data collected from five mainstream classroom teachers and five special education classroom teachers working in two regular schools and one special education school. Results suggest that “education for all” in the same class is a shared value among classroom teacher participants. However, mainstream and special education classroom teachers’ views are in conflict in terms of inclusive practices. While mainstream classroom teachers are concerned with pupils’ academic learning, special education classroom teachers are relegated to pedagogies of differentiation in separate and segregated settings. For education to become truly inclusive, more expertise on inclusive pedagogies must be integrated into future teacher training programs, in order to improve mainstream classroom teachers’ commitment to inclusion.
Introductory and Propositional Material on the Psychoanalytical Qualitative
Authors: Panarello Christian
Published: October 2024

Empirical debates on the subject matter of a notionally well-fitting fundamental psychological (and indeed, psychoanalytical) ideal are fruitless on account of the (as written and hence inferred) singularity that the instinct provides – i.e. “repressed sexuality”, “infantile wish”, or “castration anxiety” that imply a diffuseness and therefore prevent accurate formulations. This article instead introduces the concept of fundamentalism to psychoanalysis and builds on the prerogatives of previous psychoanalysts to institute a more accurate fundamentalism.
Population Crisis and Employment Opportunities for Immigrants: A Case of Current Issue
Authors: Adhikari Bhima Raj
Published: October 2024

Not Available.
دور استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في تعزيز حكم المدقق اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة وفقاً لمعيار التدقيق الدولي 260 لتقييم استمرارية الوحدة الاقتصادية
Authors: منى جبار محمد
Published: October 2024

يهدف البحث إلى بـيان مسؤولية مراقب الحسابـات اتجاه المكلفين بـالحوكمة على وفق معيار التدقيق الدولي 260 عند تدقيق القوائم المالية, من خلال استخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في التدقيق المتمثلة بالشبكات العصبية كتقنية متطورة مما يسهم في تعزيز قراراته حول مدى استمرارية الوحدة الاقتصادية, ولتحقيق هدف البـحث تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) في تحليل البـينات واختبـار الفرضيات، وتم توزيع الاستبـانة على عدد من افراد العينة  اذ بـلغ 45 استبـانة منها 44 استبـانة صالحة للتحليل. وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات " هنالك تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لاستخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في تقرير مراقب الحسابـات لتعزيز حكمة اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة حول قدرة الوحدة الاقتصادية على الاستمرارية ". وكان من أهم التوصيات العمل على نشر مفهوم وثقافة الاطراف المكلفين بالحوكمة بـشكل أوسع لدى كافة الأطراف ذات العلاقة وإصدار النشرات والتعليمات التي تعكس مفاهيم وتطبـيقات الحوكمة على وفق معيار التدقيق الدولي 260 فضلا عن بـيان مدى قدرة تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي عند تطبيقها في اجراءات التدقيق لتعزيز حكم المدقق اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة حول مدى قدرة الوحدة الاقتصادية على الاستمرارية.
Results from Structural Stability Studies of Advanced Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys for Fossil Power Plants in China
Authors: Xie Xishan , Chi Chengyu , Yu Hongyao , Yu Qiuying , Dong Jianxin , Chen Mengzhe , Zhao Shuangqun
Published: October 2024

This overview paper summarizes part of structure stability study results in China on advanced heat-resistant steels, nickel-iron and nickel base superalloys such as 12Cr2MoWVTiB(GY102) ferritic steel, Super 304H austenitic steel, GH2984, Nimonic 80A and INCONEL 740 superalloys for fossil power plant application. China had established first USC power plant with steam parameters of 650°C and 25 MPa in the year of 2006. Austenitic heat-resistant steel Super 304H is mainly used as boiler superheater and reheater material. Ni-Cr-Fe base superalloy GH2984 was used as tube material for marine power application. Ni-Cr-Co type INCONEL 740 has been studied in a joint project with Special Metals Corp., USA for European USC model power plant with the steam temperature of 700°C. Nimonic 80A has been used as several stage USC steam turbine bucket material at 600°C in China. Structure stability study of Nimonic 80A shows its possibility of 700°C application for USC steam turbine buckets.
Advances in Materials Technology for A-USC Power Plant Boilers
Authors: Igarashi Masaaki , Semba Hiroyuki , Yonemura Mitsuharu , Hamaguchi Tomoaki , Okada Hirokazu , Yoshizawa Mitsuru , Iseda Atsuro
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in materials technology for boilers materials in the advanced USC (A-USC) power plants have been reviewed based on the experiences from the strengthening and degradation of long term creep properties and the relevant microstructural evolution in the advanced high Cr ferritic steels. P122 and P92 type steels are considered to exhibit the long term creep strength degradation over 600°C, which is mainly due to the instability of the martensitic microstructure strengthened too much by MX carbonitrides. This can be modified by reducing the precipitation of VN nitride and by optimizing the Cr content of the steels. An Fe-Ni based alloy, HR6W strengthened by the Fe2W type Laves phase is found to be a marginal strength level material with good ductility at high temperatures over 700°C and to be used for a large diameter heavy wall thick piping such as main steam pipe and hot reheat pipe in A-USC plants, while Ni-Co based alloys such as Alloys 617 and 263 strengthened by a large amount of the y’ phase are found to be the high strength candidate materials for superheater and reheater tubes, although they are prone to relaxation cracking after welding and to grain boundary embrittlement during long term creep exposure. A new Ni based alloy, HR35 strengthened by a-Cr phase and other intermetallic phases has been proposed for piping application, which is specially designed for a good resistance to relaxation cracking as well as high strength and a good resistance to steam oxidation and fire-side corrosion at high temperatures over 700°C.
Modeling Fireside Corrosion of Heat Exchanger Materials in Advanced Energy Systems
Authors: Lant T. , Keefe C. , Davies C. , McGhee B. , Simms N. , Fry T
Published: October 2024

This paper outlines a comprehensive UK-based research project (2007-2010) focused on developing fireside corrosion models for heat exchangers in ultra-supercritical plants. The study evaluates both conventional materials like T22 and advanced materials such as Super 304H, examining their behavior under various test environments with metal skin temperatures ranging from 425°C to 680°C. The research aims to generate high-quality data on corrosion behavior for materials used in both furnace and convection sections, ultimately producing reliable corrosion prediction models for boiler tube materials operating under demanding conditions. The project addresses some limitations of existing models for these new service conditions and provides a brief review of the fuels and test environments used in the program. Although modeling is still limited, preliminary results have been presented, focusing on predicting fireside corrosion rates for furnace walls, superheaters, and reheaters under various service environments. These environments include those created by oxyfuel operation, coal-biomass co-firing, and more traditional coal firing.
Online Gas Measurements in a Pilot-Scale Combustion Facility for Fireside Corrosion Study
Authors: Kung Steven C.
Published: October 2024

A comprehensive fireside corrosion study was undertaken to better understand the corrosion mechanisms operating on the superheaters and lower furnace walls of advanced coal- fired utility boilers. The study intended to evaluate the fireside conditions generated from burning eight U.S. coals individually in a pilot-scale combustion facility. These coals consisted of a wide range of compositions that are of interest to the utility industry. The combustion facility was capable of producing the realistic conditions of staged combustion existing in coal-fired utility boilers. During each of the combustion tests, gas and deposit samples were collected and analyzed via in-furnace probing at selected locations corresponding to the waterwalls and superheaters. Testing of five of the eight coal groups has been completed to date. Results of these online measurements helped reveal the dynamic nature of the combustion environments produced in coal-fired boilers. Coexistence of reducing and oxidizing species in the gas phase was evident in both combustion zones, indicating that thermodynamic equilibrium of the overall combustion gases was generally unattainable. However, the amount of sulfur released from coal to form sulfur-bearing gaseous species in both the reducing and oxidizing zones was in a linear relationship with the amount of the total sulfur in coal, independent of the original sulfur forms. Such a linear relationship was also observed for the measured HCl gas relative to the coal chlorine content. However, the release of sulfur from coal to the gas phase appeared to be slightly faster and more complete than that of chlorine in the combustion zone, while both sulfur and chlorine were completely released and reacted to form respective gaseous species in the oxidizing zone. The information of sulfur and chlorine release processes in coal combustion generated from this study is considered new to the industry and provides valuable insight to the understanding of fireside corrosion mechanisms.
The Effect of Service Aging on the Creep-Fatigue Properties of Alloy 617 Parent Metal and Welds
Authors: Gamble W.L.
Published: October 2024

To enhance power plant efficiency, global projects aim to increase operating temperatures to 700 °C (1292 °F) and beyond, surpassing the capabilities of conventional ferritic and austenitic steel alloys and necessitating the use of nickel-based alloys like Alloy 617. This study evaluated the fatigue and creep-fatigue performance of Alloy 617, including both parent metal and welds, at 650 °C (1202 °F). Tests were conducted on virgin material, service-aged samples (up to 25,000 hours), and material over-aged at 800 °C (1472 °F) for 1,000 hours. Results indicated that service aging only slightly reduced the pure fatigue properties of Alloy 617, but significantly decreased its life under creep-fatigue conditions. The creep-fatigue life of ex-service welds was reduced to less than one-third of that of virgin parent metal. The data suggests that the introduction of a tensile hold period impacts Alloy 617's life more than Alloy 263 but less than Alloy 740, potentially linked to the cyclic strength of the alloys. The reduction in life for Alloy 617 is notably greater than that observed in conventional ferritic alloys.
Boron Strengthening in Ferritic 9Cr3W3CoVNbBN Steel with Improved Crossweld Creep Performance
Authors: Mayr Peter , Holzer Ivan , Albu Mihaela , Kothleitner Gerald , Cerjak Horst , Allen Samuel M.
Published: October 2024

Ferritic 9-12 wt.% chromium steels are commonly used for thick-walled high-temperature components in thermal power plants, but they face two major limitations in high-temperature service. Firstly, a reduction in creep strength occurs after approximately 10,000 hours at service temperatures around 600°C, due to the dissolution of finely dispersed V-rich nitrides and the precipitation of coarse particles of the modified Z-phase, [(Cr,V,Nb)N]. Secondly, welded joints of nearly all ferritic steel grades are prone to premature creep failures in the fine-grained heat-affected zone, known as Type IV cracking, which results from a strength loss of up to 50% compared to the base material. This study describes the development of a 9Cr3W3CoVNb steel with added boron and controlled nitrogen content. Preliminary creep testing results up to 24,000 hours at 650°C show a significant improvement in creep strength compared to established ferritic 9Cr grades like P91 and P92, attributed to a reduced driving force for the precipitation of modified Z-phase particles. Crosswelds of the new 9Cr3W3CoVNbBN steel also demonstrate improved creep behavior at 650°C, with creep rupture strength comparable to the mean base material creep strength of the best commercially available grade P92.
Prediction of Microstructural Evolution in Austenitic Stainless Steels for Extended Life Power Plant Applications
Authors: Zhu F. , Faulkner R.G. , Higginson R. L. , Spindler S. , Baker A. , Hamm C. D.
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the microstructure evolution of Type 316H stainless steel, focusing on the identification of major precipitates using advanced characterization techniques. The precipitation sequence at service temperatures of 650°C is identified as M23C6, followed by Laves phase, grain boundary (GB) sigma phase, and inter-granular sigma phase. At 750°C, the sequence progresses from M23C6 to Laves phase, GB sigma phase, chi phase, and intra-granular sigma phase, with the chi phase forming intra- and inter-granularly after 5,000 hours of aging. During the formation of the sigma and chi phases, carbides and Laves phases dissolve. A Monte Carlo model has been developed to predict detailed microstructure evolution during long-term aging, calibrated using quantitative precipitate evolution measurements of Type 316H. After validation, the model aligns well with experimental data, offering a method to predict the microstructure of Type 316H and potentially other austenitic stainless steels over the lifespan of power plants.
Application of the Attention-Guided Neural Network for Defect Detection
Authors: Solovey Alexey , Zhang Chuan , Li Jane Y.
Published: October 2024

The Attention-Guided Neural Network is designed to analyze periodic SEM images of SRAM. Autoencoder latent features layer is used to reconstruct the crops of the original image. By thresholding the ability of the autoencoder to reconstruct the original image, the defects and artifacts of the original image are automatically located. This approach could be used to detect visual anomalies.
Enhancing Soft Defect Localization with Software Automated Intelligent Laser Scanning (SAILS)
Authors: Karunanithi Arun , Caroselli Joseph , Gao Winston , Liao Aaron
Published: October 2024

Soft defect localization (SDL) is a fault isolation (FI) technique used to root cause device marginalities and/or defects. The variety of test modes and their marginalities that can be solved with SDL is increasing as we find new ways to utilize this technique to our needs. However, SDL analysis can be time consuming if the test times are slow since millions of test executions are needed to get a statistically significant result. To solve this problem, we propose an improvement named software automated intelligent laser scanning (SAILS) to modulate laser dwell time on the fly. This software and hardware implementation can be applied to any test method, now or in the future, and to any of the SDL tools available in the market. In this paper, we discuss the successful implementation of this approach and show its ability to judiciously mask out sites in real-time and use this mask to modulate laser dwell time.
EOS Failure in Low-Voltage Core Circuits during Latch-up Test at I/O Pins
Authors: Hsu Chen-Wei , Ker Ming-Dou , Chung Ping-Lin , Cheng Chin-Tung , Chen Chih-Ping
Published: October 2024

The occurrence of electrical overstress (EOS) failure in low-voltage core circuits resulting from latch-up test at the I/O pins was investigated, where a specific commercial IC product equipped with on-chip low-dropout regulator (LDO). Through failure analysis experiments, the root cause of EOS failures is identified to the abnormal LDO output voltage during latch-up test. In this work, a modified design featuring a deep n-well (DNW) beneath the NMOS region is proposed to mitigate EOS issue by enhancing electron absorption. Additionally, compensation network configurations are explored to explain the abnormal LDO operation. The experimental results from test chip have validated the effectiveness of the proposed modifications, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures in mitigating EOS failures.
Addressing the Cost and Execution Challenges of Scan Chain Testing and Failure Analysis of Complex IC’s
Authors: Flor Alexander , Javier Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2024

Analyzing scan chain failures is challenging without dedicated test hardware. Traditional solutions like ATE testers and compact diagnosis tools have significant drawbacks: they're expensive, require complex hardware customization and proprietary software licenses, and need substantial lab space. This paper presents a cost-effective alternative: a portable, flexible, and fully customizable bench-top scan chain testing system that easily integrates with fault isolation tools. Using an off-the-shelf embedded development tool, we replicated the complete scan chain testing process—from pattern generation to test vector transmission/reception and results comparison. The system reduces costs by approximately 200-fold compared to traditional solutions. We validated our approach by analyzing a device with marginal and frequency-dependent stuck-at-scan failures. Using DALS (Dynamic Analog Laser Stimulation), we successfully localized the defect and confirmed it through mechanical delayering, FIB cross-sectioning, and SEM imaging.
Targeted TEM SRAM-Like Analysis Without Delayering
Authors: Demarest J. , Austin B. , Tierney L. , Martin Z.
Published: October 2024

In the ever-increasing complexity of today’s state-of-the-art semiconductor structures, it is desirable to seek any advantage in the fault isolation and analysis paradigm to improve time to data. This paper discusses one such improvement where it is shown to be possible to target silicon (Si) devices, their metal contacts, or any other location in the wafer stack in a SRAM test structure from metal level 7 (M7) for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample fabrication using a modified sample geometry, focused ion beam (FIB) software targeting tools, and planning for failure analysis at the mask design stage. Electron beam inspection data was used to drive back to the location of interest in this example. The subsequent analysis shows a silicon and oxygen rich material creating an open contact defect signature.
Revolutionizing Failure Analysis: EBAC Nanoprobing Analysis Insights into Inaccessible Floating Gates of Advanced Tech Node Automotive NVMs
Authors: Tan P.K. , Ting S.L. , Thoungh H.H.W. , Ng P.T. , Quah Alfred C.T. , Xu N.Y. , Yu T.T. , Oh Jessica , Teo Angela , Tam Y.S. , Kang K.K. , Chen C.Q.
Published: October 2024

The escalating demand for embedded non-volatile memories (NVM) across automotive, mobile, and personal computer applications necessitates continuous innovation in semiconductor devices. This study focuses on the failure analysis (FA) of split-gate NVM memory, which dominates the landscape of embedded NVM in advanced processes. Presenting a novel approach utilizing nanoprobe techniques on non-accessible floating gate (FG) of NVM, we aim to detect leakage pathways through electron beam absorb current (EBAC) analysis. Through comprehensive experimental analysis and case studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of electrical nanoprobing and innovative sample preparation techniques in understanding the mechanisms behind program and data retention failures in NVM. Our study highlights the significance of precise delayering and nanoprobe techniques on inaccessible FG and identifies potential avenues for future FA methodologies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of NVM failure mechanisms, paving the way for enhanced reliability or yield in NVM devices.
Simultaneous Thermomechanical Mapping via Optical Pumping for Subsurface Defect Identification
Authors: Jarzembski Amun , Hodges Wyatt , Siddiqui Aleem , Bahr Matt , Yates Luke , Pickrell Greg
Published: October 2024

Advancements in microelectronics necessitate novel failure analysis techniques sensitive to the specific failure physics. Thermo-mechanical failure is a well-known issue in heterogeneously integrated microelectronics, which often requires destructive failure analysis to identify. Here, we demonstrate thermo-mechanical heat response (T-MeHR) as a non-destructive failure analysis method which combines pump-probe thermoreflectance with optical interferometry. In particular, we are able to map subsurface defects in a silicon-silicon direct bonded system and find that the simultaneously acquired thermal and mechanical signals provide complementary profiles dictated by the defect severity and size.