bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Predominant Role of Signal Precision in Experimental Beauty Contests
Authors: Baeriswyl Romain , Cornand Camille
Published: December 2015

The weight assigned to public information in Keynesian beauty contests depends on both the precision of signals and the degree of strategic complementarities. This experimental study shows that the response of subjects to changes in signal precision and the degree of strategic complementarities is qualitatively consistent with theoretical predictions, though quantitatively weaker. The weaker response of subjects to changes in the precision of signals, however, mainly drives the weight observed in the experiment, qualifying the role of strategic complementarities and overreaction in experimental beauty contests.
Estimation of Kinetic Parameters by a Hybrid Algorithm of Nonlinear Model Based Differential Evolution for Lactic Acid Production
Authors: Satya Eswari J.
Published: December 2015

The kinetic model parameters are estimated for lactic acid production using mixed microbial consortium in batch fermentation by using different optimization methods. For every time interval concentrations are measured and formulated the parameter appraisal delinquent. Cellular progression kinetic model of exponential or logistic was verified for the effect of various substrates and lactic acid production of mixed culture. This paper proposed hybrid algorithm such as nonlinear models in conjunction with differential evolution and kinetic model. The nonlinear regression with graphical method and Nelder-Mead simplex linked kinetic model was compared with the differential evolution for parameter estimation. The optimized kinetic parameters are found to be within the range of experimental conditions for which the model is developed offers a significant enhancement of lactic acid production. From the computational results, the proposed kinetic model linked differential evolution strategy is thus found effective in exploring the input search space and optimizing the kinetic parameters.
Weakly Idempotent Lattices and Bilattices, Non-Idempotent Plonka Functions
Authors: Davidova D. S. , Movsisyan Yu. M.
Published: December 2015

In this paper, we study weakly idempotent lattices with an additional interlaced operation. We characterize interlacity of a weakly idempotent semilattice operation, using the concept of hyperidentity and prove that a weakly idempotent bilattice with an interlaced operation is epimorphic to the superproduct with negation of two equal lattices. In the last part of the paper, we introduce the concepts of a non-idempotent Plonka function and the weakly Plonka sum and extend the main result for algebras with the well known Plonka function to the algebras with the non-idempotent Plonka function. As a consequence, we characterize the hyperidentities of the variety of weakly idempotent lattices, using non-idempotent Plonka functions, weakly Plonka sums and characterization of cardinality of the sets of operations of subdirectly irreducible algebras with hyperidentities of the variety of weakly idempotent lattices. Applications of weakly idempotent bilattices in multi-valued logic is to appear.
Green’s Relations in the Commutative Centralizers of Monounary Algebras
Authors: Jakubíková-Studenovská D. , Šulicová M.
Published: December 2015

The paper deals with the monounary algebras for which the second centralizer equals the first centralizer. We describe Green’s relations on the semigroup C, where C is the centralizer of such algebra.
Open Set Lattices of Subspaces of Spectrum Spaces
Authors: Nai Y.T. , Zhao D.
Published: December 2015

We take a unified approach to study the open set lattices of various subspaces of the spectrum of a multiplicative lattice L. The main aim is to establish the order isomorphism between the open set lattice of the respective subspace and a sub-poset of L. The motivating result is the well known fact that the topology of the spectrum of a commutative ring R with identity is isomorphic to the lattice of all radical ideals of R. The main results are as follows: (i) for a given nonempty set S of prime elements of a multiplicative lattice L, we define the S-semiprime elements and prove that the open set lattice of the subspace S of Spec(L) is isomorphic to the lattice of all S-semiprime elements of L; (ii) if L is a continuous lattice, then the open set lattice of the prime spectrum of L is isomorphic to the lattice of all m-semiprime elements of L; (iii) we define the pure elements, a generalization of the notion of pure ideals in a multiplicative lattice and prove that for certain types of multiplicative lattices, the sub-poset of pure elements of L is isomorphic to the open set lattice of the subspace Max(L) consisting of all maximal elements of L.
Technical aspects of a large size industrial process turbo compressor revamp
Authors: Świder Piotr , Kozanecki Jr Zbigniew , Graczykowski Marek , Kryłłowicz Władysław
Published: December 2015

This paper describes several modernization aspects of the process 8 MW air compressor and its driver. The main aim of the revamp was to increase internal efficiencies of both the compressor and turbine and increase the load of the compressor without additional power consumption. The original pressure ratio was preserved. To meet these requirements a redesign of the flow path of both machineswas necessary.Moreover, the turbineworking conditions were changed from extraction-condensing to condensing. In terms of compressor, impeller blade redesign, adaptation of diffusers and Abradable seals were a part of the scope. The revamp was completed in April 2014 with all the requirements met. This paper covers the general outline and a comparison of the original and modernized machine operating parameters, design and technical assumptions and also describes some problematic issues which occurred during the realization of the project.
Using the Polygraph Validation Test (PVT) in Solving Conflicted Polygraph Results and Confirming Deliberate Distortions by Examinees
Authors: Shurany Tuvia
Published: December 2015

This paper involves fifty-one re-examinations of original polygraph tests that resulted in conflicted outcomes and examinations where deliberate distortions were believed to have been employed. The Polygraph Validation Test (PVT) was successfully employed in these re-examinations to rectify the original problems and/or confirm attempts by examinees at countermeasures or augmentations.
Toward smartphone applications for geoparksinformation and interpretation systems in China
Authors: Li Qian , Tian Mingzhong , Li Xingle , Shi Yihua , Zhou Xu
Published: December 2015

Geopark information and interpretation systemsare both necessary infrastructure in geopark planning andconstruction program, and they are also essential for geoeducationand geoconservation in geopark tourism. Thecurrent state and development of information and interpretationsystems in China’s geoparks were presented andanalyzed in this paper. Statistics showed that fewer thanhalf of geoparks run websites, and less than that amountmaintained database, and less than one percent of allInternet/smartphone applications were used for geoparktourism. The results of our analysis indicated that smartphoneapplications in geopark information and interpretationsystems would provide benefits such as acceleratedgeopark science popularization and education and facilitatedinteractive communication between geoparks andtourists.
A modified initial in-situ Stress Inversion Method based onFLAC3D with an engineering application
Authors: Li Yong , Guo Yunhua , Zhu Weishen , Li Shucai , Zhou Hao
Published: December 2015

To improve the accuracy of an initial in-situstress field determined by inversion, we describe a modified initial in-situ stress inversion method that uses partialleast-squares regression based on FLAC3D. First, eachstress component is regressed to improve the fitting accuracyof locally abnormal stress regions, and then the relationshipbetween element stress and unbalanced nodeforce is analyzed according to the computational principlesof FLAC3D. The initial in-situ stresses obtained fromthese regression calculations are added to a numericalmodel, and the unbalanced node forces are recalculated.An external force equal to the recalculated unbalancednode force is then exerted on the node in the direction opposingthe original unbalanced node force to satisfy theequilibrium condition. For the in-situ stresses of elementsthat do not satisfy the strength conditions, they are modified by assuming the average stress is constant and reducingthe partial stress to satisfy the equilibrium andstrength conditions, which also resolves the unreasonabledistribution of the boundary nodal forces and results ingood regression estimates. A three-dimensional hypersurfacespline interpolation method is developed to calculatethe in-situ stress tensor at arbitrary coordinates. Finally,we apply this method to an underground engineeringproject, and the results are shown to agree well withthose obtained from field monitoring. Therefore, it is concludedthat this modified in-situ stress inversion methodcould effectively improve the fitting accuracy of locally abnormalstress regions.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aliphatic Primary Alcohols with 1-Chlorobenzimidazole in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
Authors: Rukmangathan Muthusamy , Santhoshkumar Vetrivel , Ramkumar Balasubramanian
Published: December 2015

The kinetics of oxidation of a few aliphatic primary alcohols with
1-chlorobenzimidazole (CBI) was studied in aqueous acetic acid
medium. The reactions were found to be first order each with respect
to the concentrations of CBI and alcohol. The added HClO4
increases the rate and the order in HClO4 was found to be
fractional. The reactions were catalyzed by NaCl and fractional
order dependence was observed. The ionic strength had negligible
influence on the rate. The reaction rates increase with decrease in
dielectric constant of acetic acid. Addition of benzimidazole, one of
the products does not affect the rate. Effect of temperature on the
reaction rates was studied at different temperatures and the various
activation and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The rate
constants show good correlation with Taft–Pavelich Dual substituent
parameter model (DSP). Product analysis shows the formation of
aldehydes as major products of oxidation of aliphatic primary
alcohols. CBIH+ has been postulated as the reactive
oxidizing species. A mechanism involving a proton transfer by water
molecule has been proposed.
Opera as Politics
Authors: Miller Leta E.
Published: December 2015

This article describes the troubled, politically fraught path to the realization of San Francisco's War Memorial Opera House, the first municipally owned operatic performance venue in the nation. Although envisioned prior to the 1906 earthquake (in which the two most important opera houses in the city were destroyed), the realization of an innovative concept in which the people of the city would found and maintain an opera house took a quarter century to materialize. Supporters of the idea ascribed to the common sentiment of the time that classical music had an “elevating” and “ennobling” potential to “uplift” the poor and create a more responsible citizenry, but opera's historic association with wealth and elitism counteracted these arguments and blocked progress on the building until at last, in the 1920s, San Franciscans raised $2 million in direct contributions and voted for a $4 million bond issue.
Intel und Post Danmark II – Die Weichen für die zukünftige Bewertung von Rabatten nach Art. 102 AEUV sind so gut wie gestellt!
Authors: Bodenstein Ines
Published: December 2015

In welchen Fällen ist die Gewährung von Rabatten durch marktbeherrschende Unternehmen ein Missbrauch dieser Stellung? An dieser Frage scheiden sich die Geister. Sollen Rabatte anhand ihrer Form bewertet werden oder im Hinblick auf ihre Auswirkungen auf den Markt? Gibt es generelle Regeln („per se rule“) oder ist eine Abwägung in jedem Einzelfall („rule of reason“) erforderlich? Spielen alleine qualitative Kriterien eine Rolle oder müssen auch quantitative Kriterien (Preis-Kosten-Test) berücksichtigt werden? Im Jahre 2009 versuchte die Kommission, die bisherige Entscheidungspraxis zu durchbrechen und neue Wege bei der Bewertung von Rabatten einzuschlagen. Unmittelbares Ergebnis war eine große Unsicherheit, anhand welcher Maßstäbe Rabattsysteme zu beurteilen wären. Mit seinem Urteil in Sachen Tomra hat der Gerichtshof im Jahre 2012 wieder erste Pflöcke zur Bewertung von Rabatten eingeschlagen und weitere maßgebliche Pflöcke sind mit den Entscheidungen des Gerichts in Sachen „Intel“ vom 12. Juni 2014 und des Gerichtshofes in Sachen „Post Danmark II“ vom 6. Oktober 2015 gefolgt. Mit gewissen Klarstellungen bzw. Öffnungen bekräftigen die Gerichte die bisherige Linie der Rechtsprechung zur Bewertung von Rabatten. Die Weichen für die noch ausstehende Entscheidung des Gerichtshofes in Sachen „Intel“ und für die zukünftige Bewertung von Rabatten nach Art. 102 AEUV sind damit so gut wie gestellt.
LANGKAH STRATEGIS OPTIMALISASI SISTEM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Gustiawati Mukri Syarifah
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Step Strategic Optimization of Islamic Economic System. The role of Islamic financial system in Indonesia has been shown to support the creation of higher economic development, and also support the establishment of a more stable financial system, to achieve the well-being of individuals and society. In order for the role to be significant, hence the need for a strategic steps in the effort to optimize the Islamic economic system. This is to accelerate the development of the Islamic financial system, both nationally and internationally. This article aims to review the philosophical system of Islamic banking. The systems and practices should be done in order to accelerate the pace of Islamic economic development in Indonesia. Keywords: Step Strategic, optimization, Islamic Economic System   Abstrak: Langkah Strategis Optimalisasi Sistem Ekonomi Syariah. Peranan Sistem keuangan syariah di Indonesia telah dipercaya dapat mendukung terciptanya  pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi, dan juga menyokong terwujudnya sistem keuangan yang lebih stabil, untuk mencapai kesejahteraan individu dan masyarakat. Agar peranan tersebut dapat dirasakan lebih signifikan, maka perlu adanya langkah strategis dalam upaya optimalisasi sistem ekonomi syariah dalam rangka mempercepat perkembangan sistem keuangan syariah, baik secara nasional maupun  internasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem ekonomi syariah secara filosofis, sistem dan praktik yang harus dilakukan dalam rangka mempercepat langkah perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia.  Kata Kunci: Langkah Strategis, Optimalisasi, Sistem Ekonomi SyariahDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1521
PERAN ADVOKAT DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Makmur Syafrudin
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The Role of Advocates in Law Enforcement Economy in Indonesia. Law enforcement is the job of an advocate and it is the mission of the profession. An Advocates must have the integrity in carrying out their duties, strong characteristics, and of course the high intellectual quality. n addition, advocates should be courageous, because it is an important attribute, even more important than the skill or vision that he had. In terms of law enforcement in the Indonesian economy, advocates have a great share. Because the system is considered an important economic laws and ordinances related to the laws that govern the rules of justice and order in the association of living together. Keywords: The Role of Advocates, Law Enforcement, Economic Law Abstrak: Peran Advokat Dalam Penegakan Hukum Ekonomi di Indonesia. Penegakan hukum adalah pekerjaan advokat dan itu merupakan misi profesinya. Seorang Advokat dalam menjalankan tugasnya harus memiliki integritas, karakteristik yang kuat, dan tentunya kualitas intelektual yang tinggi. Selain, advokat harus memiliki keteguhan hati, sebab ia bagi seorang advokat merupakan atribut yang teramat sangat penting, bahkan lebih penting ketimbang kecakapan atau visi yang dilakoninya. Dalam hal penegakan hukum ekonomi di Indonesia, advokat memiliki andil yang besar. Karena tata hukum ekonomi dirasa penting dan memiliki keterkaitan dengan tata hukum yang mengatur kaidah-kaidah keadilan dan ketertiban dalam pergaulan hidup bersama.  Kata Kunci: Peran Advokat, Penegakan Hukum, Hukum EkonomiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1524
KONSEP DASAR INVESTASI REKSADANA
Authors: Masruroh Aini
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Basic Concept of Mutual Fund Investing. The high demand of living and the inflation rate in Indonesia from year to year became the background the importance of investment activities. Saving is no longer able to be a solution in improving the financial capability of a person. Investing is an activity placement of the funds in investment instruments in hopes of obtaining the value added in the future. One of the attractive investment instrument is mutual funds. One can invest through mutual funds with very low capital, while also being able to diversify, have a small risk, but it has a competitive returns.   Keywords: Investment, Mutual Fund   Abstrak: Konsep Dasar Investasi Reksadana. Tingginya kebutuhan hidup dan tingkat inflasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menjadi latar belakang pentingnya melakukan kegiatan investasi, karena  saving tidak lagi mampu menjadi solusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan financial seseorang. Investasi merupakan suatu kegiatan/aktivitas penempatan sejumlah dana pada instrumen investasi dengan harapan akan memperoleh nilai tambah dimasa yang akan datang. Salah satu instrumen investasi yang menarik adalah reksadana. Melalui reksadana seseorang dapat berinvestasi dengan modal sangat rendah, sekaligus dapat melakukan diversifikasi, memiliki risiko kecil, namun memiliki imbal hasil yag kompetitif. Kata Kunci: Investasi, ReksadanaDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1526
MOTIVASI KERJA DALAM RANAH LOKALITAS TEKS SUCI
Authors: Rahman Hakim Maman
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Work Motivation in Local Sphere of Sacred Texts. Work motivation is one of important components in human life. Work motivation also benefits to determine planning, withdrawal of labor, selection process, development, work evaluation, compensation, safety, health and career development, relationship of companies with the employees, organizational restructuring and research on human resources. Those reasons become work motivation along with management as a policy maker which can be seen from factors of planning, directing, and supervising. These factors impact on work motivation to born and develop with basic competences which are compulsory for companies. Islam views work motivation as a requirement to worship. Keywords: motivation, work, sacred texts Abstrak: Motivasi Kerja Dalam Ranah Lokalitas Teks Suci. Motivasi kerja merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam sumber daya manusia. Motivasi kerja juga berguna dalam menentukan perencanaan, penarikan tenaga kerja, seleksi, pengembangan, penilaian kerja, kompensasi, keselamatan dan kesehatan serta perencanaan karir, hubungan dalam perusahaan dengan anggotanya, restrukturisasi organisasi dan riset sumber daya manusia. Alasan tersebutlah memotivasi kerja sejalan dengan manajemen sebagai pembuat kebijakan yang secara garis besar dapat dilihat dari unsur manajemen perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, pengawasan. Atas dasar ini, motivasi kerja lahir dan berkembang diiringi kompetensi dasar yang wajib dimiliki oleh setiap insan perusahan, baik level atas sampai bawah. Islam pun memandang motivasi kerja sebagai syarat dan rukun beribadah dengan tidak mengindahkan ketentuan yang mendasarinya. Kata kunci: motivasi, kinerja, Teks SuciDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1542
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR LAW (A Project Based Learning Instruction in English II for Law Science Department)
Authors: Qosim Arsadani Ummi Kultsum And
Published: December 2015

Abstrak: Desan Intruksional Dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Hukum. Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum telah mulai mempersiapkan siswa mampu dalam menghadapi karir mereka sebagai ilmuwan hukum tidak hanya di nasional tetapi juga internasional. Kurikulum terpadu telah menjadi pilihan sebagai sistem pendidikan. Salah satu bentuk kurikulum terpadu adalah untuk mengkorelasikan antara atau di antara mata pelajaran. Untuk memenuhi hal ini, fakultas mencoba untuk mengembangkan Program ESP sebagai program pikiran dalam proses pembelajaran. Desain pembelajaran merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang dapat menjadi metode pilihan untuk dosen bahasa Inggris dalam memberikan subjek. English II diajarkan di kedua semester.   Kata kunci: ESP Program, desain instruksional, Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Hukum, Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (PBL).   Abstract: Intructional Design In Teaching English For Law. Sharia and Law faculty has started to prepare its students able in facing their career as a law scientist not only in national but also international. Integrated curriculum has become a define choice as educational system aims for rigor and relevance. One of the forms of integrated curriculum is to correlate between or among subjects. To fulfill this, the faculty tries to develop ESP program as the mind program in learning process. Instructional design is one of the approaches that can be an option method for English lecturer in delivering the subject. English II is taught in the second of semester. This subject is being correlated under the notion of Project Based Learning (PBL).The design involves students totally to search, analyze, and conclude what they learn. This will make students doing what they learn, and then they will understand what they make.   Keywords: ESP Program, Instructional design, Teaching English for Law, Project Based Learning (PBL)DOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1544
ANALISIS KEWAJIBAN ALIH TEKNOLOGI DALAM INVESTASI ASING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sustrila Endah
Published: December 2015

Abstract: An Analysis on Technology Transfer in Foreign Investment in Indonesia. Investment in globalization era is actively done by developed countries. The considerations are related to the availability of resources, cheap labor and to get benefits from great expansion on the market. The availability of this investment gives benefit to the developing countries, because it helps the countries to improve their infrastructures, decrease jobless rate by providing job opportunities, and the main important is the technology transfer from experts working in Indonesia to national workers.   Keywords: globalization, investment, technology transfer Abstrak: Analisis Kewajiban Alih Teknologi Dalam Investasi Asing di Indonesia. Investasi di era globalisasi ini semakin giat dilakukan oleh negara-negara maju. Pertimbangannya berkaitan dengan ketersediaan bahan baku, tenaga kerja yang murah serta dalam rangka ekspansi pasar. Keberadaan investasi ini memberikan manfaat bagi negara-negara berkembang, karena dengannya negara-negara tersebut dapat melakukan pembangunan infrastruktur, mengurangi angka pengangguran dengan menyerap tenaga kerja dalam jumlah besar, dan yang paling pokok di sini ialah adanya alih atau transfer teknologi dari tenaga expert yang bekerja di Indonesia kepada tenaga kerja nasional. Kata Kunci: globalisasi, investasi, alih atau transfer teknologiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1545
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG SAHAM MINORITAS PERUSAHAAN TERBUKA AKIBAT PUTUSAN PAILIT
Authors: Permatasari Pita
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Law Protection for Minority Shareholders of Public Companies due to Bankruptcy Verdict. The lack of protection for minority shareholders of public companies due to bankruptcy verdict is an open secret. The principal of openness in Regulation No. X.K.5/Act of Chairman of Indonesian: Capital Market Supervisory Agency and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) No. Kep-46/PM/1998 becomes one of guarantee rights for legal protection for these shareholders. Basically, these kinds of shareholders do not have any rights in a company which hold a principal one share one vote. The rights for these shareholders are to lodge obligation on curator action and supervisory judge besides direct claim of their own.   Keywords: minority shareholders, public company, bankruptcy Abstrak: Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Saham Minoritas Perusahaan Terbuka Akibat Putusan Pailit. Minimnya proteksi terhadap pemegang saham minoritas dalam suatu perusahaan terbuka yang mengalami pailit. Prinsip keterbukaan dalam Peraturan Nomor X.K.5/Keputusan Ketua Bapepam-LK Nomor Kep-46/PM/1998 menjadi salah satu hak yang menjamin perlindungan hukum pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan terbuka akibat putusan pailit, karena pada dasarnya pemegang saham minoritas tidak memiliki hak yang banyak karena dalam perusahaan menganut prinsip one share one vote. Adapun hak-hak yang diperoleh pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan yang mengalami pailit adalah pengajuan keberatan atas tindakan kurator dan hakim pengawas, selain pengajuan gugatan langsung untuk dan atas nama dirinya sendiri. Kata Kunci: Pemegang Saham minoritas, Perusahaan Terbuka, PailitDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1547
KONSEPTUALISASI TEORI MASLAHAH
Authors: Asmawi Asmawi
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Conceptualization of Benefits Theory. The foundation of Islamic shariah is represented by benefits which aim to the importance of people as human being, both for benefit in life and after life. Islamic shariah upholds justice principals, affections and benefits. Every law which against those principals is not considered as a part of Islamic shariah; even though many people are searching its rationalization to include it as Islamic law. The greatness and the nobleness of Islamic shariah are implemented through the compatibility of those shariah laws into human real life due to benefits theory human possesses. Keywords: Benefits, shariah Abstrak: Konseptualisasi Teori Maslahah. Fondasi bangunan Syariah Islam itu direpresentasikan oleh maslahah yang ditujukan bagi kepentingan hidup manusia sebagai hamba Allah, baik menyangkut kehidupan duniawinya maupun kehidupan ukhrawi-nya. Syariah Islam itu menjunjung tinggi prinsip-prinsip keadilan (‘adâlah), kasih sayang (rahmah), dan maslahah,. Setiap aturan hukum yang menyimpang dari prinsip-prinsip tersebut pada hakikatnya bukanlah bagian dari Syariah Islam, meskipun dicari rasionalisasi (ta‘wîl) untuk menjadikannya sebagai bagian dari Syariah Islam. Keagungan dan keluhuran Syariah Islam termanifestasikan pada kompatibilitas hukum-hukum Syariah dengan perkembangan kehidupan manusia lantaran ruh maslahah yang menggerakkannya. Kata Kunci: Maslahah, SyariahDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1548
Overall Postneonatal Mortality and Rates of SIDS
Authors: Goldstein Richard D. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Sens Mary Ann , Harty Brian J. , Kinney Hannah C.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:

Reductions in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are commonly attributed to modifications in infant sleep environments. Approaches to diagnosis in sudden infant death, death scene investigations, the prevalence of intrinsic risk factors for SIDS, and the potential influence of treatment-related factors on infant vulnerability have also changed. Understanding all contributory factors may help reduce residual SIDS rates.

METHODS:

We analyzed US Mortality Multiple Causes Records for 1983 to 2012 to compare SIDS postneonatal mortality rates with a projection applying non-SIDS mortality changes, using those changes as a proxy measure for alterations in intrinsic risk. Composites of neglect-related, unknown, and circumstantial respiratory diagnoses were measured, as was a cumulative composite of unexplained infant death diagnoses. Cluster analysis with leading causes of postneonatal mortality and SIDS mortality rates for low birth weight infants were also examined.

RESULTS:

SIDS and non-SIDS postneonatal mortality rates were concordant over time. Important variance was seen 1994 to 1996, coinciding with Back-to-Sleep initiation. Other variance, eliminated in the cumulative composite, appeared related to differences in diagnostic practices. Changes in SIDS rates resembled changes in mortality from congenital malformations, respiratory distress of the newborn, and diseases of the circulatory system. SIDS rates for low birth weight infants followed broader postneonatal trends.

CONCLUSIONS:

SIDS mortality followed trends in overall postneonatal mortality, including effects of changes in the infant sleep environment and diagnostic classification. Preventing asphyxia risk in the sleep environment must be coupled with efforts to understand intrinsic biological pathways, some potentially associated with other categories of infant and perinatal mortality.
Figuras literarias en los titulares de la prensa costarricense
Authors: Smith Andrew
Published: December 2015

Este artículo analiza titulares de periódicos costarricenses con la intención de explorar aspectos de la sociedad y la cultura nacionales. Este estudio muestra cómo las figuras literarias como metáforas, símiles, hipérboles y personificaciones son imágenes recurrentes en los periódicos costarricenses. Además, imágenes como la violencia y la guerra, la muerte, la comida, la destreza, la belleza, la comunicación, los animales y aun la mitología, son ideas comunes y recurrentes de los titulares de este país; por lo tanto, estos pueden ser una indicación importante de la sociedad y la cultura costarricenses.
La literatura fantástica y su reescritura en América Latina: un estudio sobre “Color del otoño” de Claudia Hernández
Authors: Caamaño Morúa Virginia
Published: December 2015

En este artículo se analiza un cuento de la escritora salvadoreña Claudia Hernández desde propuestas teóricas actuales sobre la literatura fantástica, con el fin de determinar el modo en que la estética fantástica es apropiada y reescrita. En el relato de Hernández seleccionado para este estudio, lo fantástico-alegórico es sostenido por el absurdo de las situaciones sucedidas y descritas, lo cual se amplía y actualiza, adquiriendo así una gran vigencia como medio de plasmación de las múltiples realidades y situaciones que se viven en América Latina.
Les stratégies d’apprentissage des apprenants de la première année des filières de français de l’Université du Costa Rica
Authors: Arrieta Espinoza Alexandra , Chao Chao Kuok-Wa
Published: December 2015

Este artículo analiza los resultados de una investigación sobre las estrategias de aprendizaje de los aprendices del primer año de las carreras de Bachillerato en la enseñanza del francés y Bachillerato en francés de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Para el análisis de los resultados, utilizamos la tipología de O’Malley y Chamot (1990) que clasifica las estrategias en tres grandes categorías: cognitivas, metacognitivas y socioafectivas. Esta investigación presenta las características de un estudio de tipo cuantitativo.
Study Abroad Experience: Personal and Professional Aftereffects of Professors from a Public Costa Rican University
Authors: Castillo Soto María Auxiliadora
Published: December 2015

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar algunos de los cambios personales y profesionales que los y las docentes pueden enfrentar luego de estudiar en el extranjero. El estudio se realizó en una universidad pública costarricense. Los y las participantes fueron siete docentes de inglés, quienes respondieron a un cuestionario, una encuesta y una entrevista. Las conclusiones exponen los principales cambios experimentados por los y las docentes luego de su estadía en el extranjero. En resumen, los cambios más significativos fueron la independencia obtenida, la habilidad de contribuir al país de origen, el sentimiento de rechazo hacia la burocracia costarricense y el sentimiento de que sus compañeros y compañeras de trabajo se sentían amenazados.
The Determination of TBA-Reactive Substances and Alkenals in the Presence of Antioxidants
Authors: Balthazary S. T. , Sallmann H.-P. , Fuhrmann H.
Published: December 2015

This study investigated the inhibitory efficiency of all-rac-α-tocopherol, 2,6- ditert-butyl-p-cresole (BHT), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chroman-2-carbonic acid (Trolox®) on determination of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and short-chain alkenals in rat liver homogenates. The concentration of TBARS was measured fluorophotometrically. Aldehydes were determined after derivatization with methylhydrazine by gas chromatography (GLC). The concentrations of alkenals and TBARS in liver homogenates were diminished when antioxidants were present dur- ing the sample preparation. It is suggested that in the absence of antioxidants the samples are autoxidized further during the preparative procedures. For the aldehyde determination all-rac-α-tocopherol was the most effective antioxidant to reduce the bias due to autoxidation, whereas for TBARS it was Trolox.
Model Field Study of Sumithion 50 EC and Fusilade S on Pheasants
Authors: Várnagy L. , Budai P. , Zaják Á. , Varga T. , Molnár E.
Published: December 2015

Toxicological studies on wild animals play an important role in the ecotoxicological examination of pesticides. The applied model tests enable the assessment of toxicological consequences with particular regard to the life and nutrition of wild animals in the ploughed field among plants treated with pesticides. The application of different pesticide formulations on plough-land may pose a simultaneous chemical burden to wild birds. In this model study, manifestations of the interaction between an insecticide and a herbicide were studied in pheasants. The birds were placed on lucerne in cages (48 m2) and sprayed once. The applied doses were: Sumithion 50 EC 1 litre/ha + Fusilade S 6 litres/ha (practical doses) and Sumithion 50 EC 5 litres/ha + Fusilade S 30 litres/ha. The analytically determined pesticide concentration of the lucerne was taken as a basis in the further treatment of fodder. The fodder of pheasants contained the following chemicals: 85 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 510 mg/kg Fusilade S and 425 mg/kg Sumithion 50 EC + 2250 mg/kg Fusilade S. Sporadic deaths observed among the pheasants were of traumatic origin and not due to a toxic effect. The decrease of body weight was significant only at the higher dose levels. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of the blood decreased significantly in both dose groups. On the basis of the results obtained it can be established that at the dose level used in the practice the pesticides studied do not give rise to a toxic interaction in pheasants.
Comparison of the Genome of Ovine Adenovirus Types 1 Through 5 by Restriction Enzyme Analysis and DNA Hybridisation
Authors: Benkő Mária
Published: December 2015

The DNA of the prototype strains of ovine adenovirus (OAdV) 1 through 5 was analysed by restriction enzyme (RE) digestion. The RE patterns generated by Hindlll and PstI enzymes were characteristic of the examined strains. OAdV-2 and 3 resembled each other the most, and their EcoRI and Hindlll patterns seemed to be identical. Considering the number of comigrating fragments, serotypes OAdV-2, 3, 4 and 5 looked more closely related to each other than to OAdV-1. This finding was strengthened by Southern blot hybridisations probed with random Hindlll clones of OAdV-3. The estimated genome size of the examined OAdV types ranged between 31.9 and 32.8 kilobase pairs. The results supported the new genus classification of OAdVs.
Clinical Study of the Disease of Calves Associated with Mycoplasma bovis Infection
Authors: Stipkovits L. , Ripley P. , Varga J. , Pálfi V.
Published: December 2015

Clinical, bacteriological and serological examination of 35 calves from the age of 5 to 26 days was performed in a Holstein-Friesian dairy herd endemically infected with Mycoplasma bovis. M. bovis was isolated from 48.6% of nasal swabs taken from the calves at the age of 5 days, and from 91.4% of the same calves at the age of 26 days, indicating the gradual spread of infection. The isolation rate of Pasteurella multocida did not change much, and varied from 28.6 to 25.7%. No P. haemolytica could be detected. In addition to M. bovis and P. multocida, the herd was also infected with different viruses (including bovine viral diarrhoea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenoviruses, parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) as a large proportion of the sera of newborn calves contained colostral antibodies against these viruses. In most of the newborn calves severe clinical signs (fever, depression, inappetence, hyperventilation, dyspnoea, nasal discharge and coughing) due to M. bovis infection developed. The clinical signs appeared already on the fifth day of life, and their incidence was the highest at the age of 10 to 15 days. Three calves (8.6%) died as a result of severe serofibrinous pneumonia. The surviving calves showed very poor weight gain (ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 kg) during the first two weeks of life.
The Pathological Effect of the Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin in Mice
Authors: Magyar T. , Glávits R. , Pullinger G. D. , Lax A. J.
Published: December 2015

The effect of dermonecrotic toxin (DNT) expression of Bordetella bronchiseptica was studied in mice by comparing the pathology induced by a wild type strain with that induced by an isogenic DNT- strain in which part of the structural gene has been replaced by an antibiotic resistance cassette. While extracts of strain B58 proved toxic in intravenously inoculated mice, similar extracts from strain B58GP had lost toxic activity. The parent (B58) and the mutant (B58GP) strains of B. bronchiseptica each possessed comparable virulence for mice. These findings confirmed that DNT production was successfully abolished in strain B58GP while other virulence characteristics required for pathogenicity in mice remained intact, at a comparable level to the parent strain. Turbinate atrophy was observed in mice infected with the DNT+ strain, but not in those infected with the DNT-strain. This indicates that DNT is the cause of turbinate atrophy in the mice and not other factors produced by phase I strains of B. bronchiseptica. B. bronchiseptica DNT showed a lienotoxic effect (lymphocyte depletion and a reduction in the intensity of extramedullar haemocytopoieis) that is considered to adversely alter the immune function of the host animal. In mice infected with strain B58GP, catarrhal pneumonia with characteristic lympho-histiocytic peribronchial and perivascular infiltration was noticed. In mice infected with strain B58, large necrotic areas were seen surrounded by an inflammatory reaction. The DNT appears to directly damage lung tissues, at least in mice. DNT production seems to enhance the establishment of B. bronchiseptica in the lungs, presumably by reducing the local resistance and causing severe local damage to the lung tissues.
Pathological and Immunological Study of an in ovo Complex Vaccine against Infectious Bursal Disease
Authors: Kelemen Mária , Forgách Katalin , Iván Judit , Palya V. , Süveges T. , Tóth B. , Mészáros J.
Published: December 2015

The appearance of very virulent strains of infectious bursal disease (IBD) virus at the end of the 1980s made it necessary to develop more effective immunization procedures. To facilitate this, the immunogenicity and the immunosuppressive effect of a mild (G-87), an intermediate (LIBD) and an intermediate-plus (IBDV 2512) IBDV strain were tested after the in ovo inoculation of 18-day-old SPF and broiler chicken embryos. It was established that no noteworthy difference existed between the immunized and the control embryos in hatching rate and hatching weight. The higher the virulence of the vaccine virus strain, the more severe damage it caused to the lymphocytes of the bursa of Fabricius. In SPF chickens, the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres induced by a Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine administered at day old decreased in inverse ratio to the virulence of the IBD vaccine strain, while in broiler chickens this was not observed. Despite the decrease of the HI titre, the level of protection did not decline, or did so only after the use of the ‘hot’ strain. SPF chickens immunized in ovo with a complex vaccine prepared from strain IBDV 2512 and IBD antibody showed the same protection against Newcastle disease as the broilers. In broiler chicken embryos immunized in ovo, only strain IBDV 2512 induced antibody production, and such chickens were protected against IBD at 3 weeks of age. The complex vaccine administered in ovo has been used successfully at farm hatcheries as well.
New Pig Disease in Hungary: Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome Caused by Circovirus (Short Communication)
Authors: Kiss I. , Kecskeméti S. , Tuboly T. , Bajmócy E. , Tanyi J.
Published: December 2015

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), a new disease in Hungary, was recognized in a swine herd located in Southeast Hungary, during the early winter of 1999. The first clinical signs of paleness, anaemia, and leanness appeared immediately after weaning, at the age of 40-50 days. Pustules were frequently observed on the skin of the trunk, and signs of necrotic dermatitis were also visible. A syndrome of poor growth and wasting was characteristic of the affected pigs. A porcine circovirus (PCV), the suspected causative agent, was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing data and restriction endonuclease (RE) analysis of the PCR products suggested that the virus belonged to the PCV-II group where all the causative agents of PMWS are also grouped.
Characterisation of some Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains and examination of their transmission via eggs
Authors: Varga J. , Fodor L. , Makrai L.
Published: December 2015

The biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of 12 Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale strains isolated from chickens and turkeys suffering from respiratory clinical signs and the survival of some isolates on egg-shell and within chicken eggs during hatching were examined. All O. rhinotracheale strains showed typical biochemical characteristics. Among the 16 drugs examined, penicillin G, ampicillin (MICs ranging from ≤ 0.06 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml), ceftazidim (with MICs from ≤ 0.06 μg/ml to 0.12 μg/ml), erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin (with some exceptions MICs ranged from ≤ 0.06 μg/ml to 1 μg/ml) and tiamulin (MICs varied from ≤ 0.06 μg/ml to 2 μg/ml) were the most effective. Lincomycin, oxytetracycline and enrofloxacin also gave good inhibitions, but with most strains in a higher concentration (MICs ranged in most cases from 2 μg/ml to 8 μg/ml). The other antibiotics inhibited the growth of O. rhinotracheale only in very high concentrations (colistin) or not at all (apramycin, spectinomycin, polymyxin B). At 37 °C, O. rhinotracheale did not survive on egg-shell for more than 24 hours, while upon inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs it killed embryos by the ninth day, and from the 14th day post-inoculation no O. rhinotracheale could be cultured from the eggs at all. These results suggest that O. rhinotracheale is not transmitted via eggs during hatching.
Therapeutic efficacy of oxime reactivators in fenitrothion toxicity in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Srivastava A. K. , Malik J. K.
Published: December 2015

The therapeutic efficacy of 2-pyridine aldoxime methochloride and diacetylmonoxime (DAM) alone and in combination with atropine was determined in oral fenitrothion toxicity in buffalo calves. DAM alone and in combination with atropine constitute the most effective therapy of fenitrothion poisoning. As compared to 2-pyridine aldoxime methochloride, DAM was also more effective in reactivating the fenitrothion-inhibited erythrocyte and plasma acetylcholinesterase and serum carboxylesterase enzymes and reversing fenitrothion-induced hyperglycaemia, hyperproteinaemia and hypercreatinaemia in animals.
Comparison of the efficacy of two anti-uric acid diets in dalmatian dogs
Authors: Bijster S. , Nickel R. F. , Beynen A. C.
Published: December 2015

Commercial anti-uric acid diets for dogs may contain insufficient protein to sustain growth and lactation. In order to investigate the efficacy of an experimental purine-free diet moderately low in protein, its effect on urinary uric acid excretion was compared with that of a commercial dog food and a commercial low-protein anti-uric acid diet. The experimental diet, commercial dog food and commercial anti-uric acid diet contained 10.0, 12.8 and 5.0 g crude protein/MJ metabolizable energy, respectively. Twelve Dalmatian dogs were subjected to a 3 × 3 Latin square study. Although the plasma uric acid concentration was significantly lower when the dogs were fed either the commercial anti-uric acid diet (18.7 ± 6.0 µmol/l, mean ± SD, n = 12) or the experimental diet (19.2 ± 8.3 µmol/l), when compared to the commercial dog food (29.2 ± 11.1 µmol/l), no significant decrease of uric acid concentration in urine collected before the morning meal was seen. The average concentration of urinary uric acid was 60 µmol/l. There was a significant increase in the urea:creatinine ratio in urine when the dogs were fed the experimental diet compared to the commercial anti-uric acid diet, confirming that the experimental diet contained more protein. The experimental diet lowered plasma uric acid and was relatively high in protein and thus may be suitable for use in growing and lactating dogs to prevent ammonium urate urolithiasis.
On a technique for deriving explicit transfer matrices of orthotropic layers
Authors: Vinh Pham Chi , Linh Nguyen Thi Khanh , Anh Vu Thi Ngoc
Published: December 2015

This paper presents  a technique by which the transfer matrix in explicit form of an orthotropic layer can be easily obtained. This transfer matrix is applicable for both the wave propagation problem and the reflection/transmission problem. The obtained transfer matrix is then employed to derive the explicit secular equation of Rayleigh waves propagating in an orthotropic half-space coated by an orthotropic layer of arbitrary thickness.
Konsep Zuhud al-Qushayrî dalam Risâlah al-Qushayrîyah
Authors: Fudholi Moh.
Published: December 2015

The purpose of this study is to gain a comprehensive information about the concept of zuhd that is explained in Risâlah al-Qushayrîyah authored by al-Qushayrî. The study is formulated wihin the concept and history of zuhd, namely zuhd as a maqâm (stage) and zuhd as an akhlâq (moral). The research uses interpretation method. According to al-Qushayri, zuhd is resignation to Allah Himself. The correct zuhd will lead to virtuous morals.
Tipologi Islam Moderat dan Puritan: Pemikiran Khaled M. Abou el-Fadl
Authors: Wahyudi Chafid
Published: December 2015

The study attempts to scrutinize Khaled M. Abou Fadl’s map of thought about typology of Islamic understanding between moderat Islam and puritan Islam within the world Muslim community. The study contains theoretical meaning formula of moderat Islam and the puritan one, the dialectical relationship between them, and conceptual contribution of Khaled M. Abou Fadl on this matter towards islamic studies. The study uses textual interpretation method on Khaled M. Abou el-Fadl’s works. The study concludes that the very basic map of moderat Islamic thought and puritan Islamic thought is found in the Qur’ân.
Pemaknaan Teologis M. Fethullah Gülen tentang Relasi Agama dan Sains
Authors: Billa Mutamakkin
Published: December 2015

The article discusses Gülen’s theological perspective on relation between science and Islam, which becomes the platform of his educational movement—while within Islamic knowledge tradition (theology) this matter is still debated—mainly in terms of the position and relation between reason and revelation (wahy). Gülen is interested in defending the position of Islamic theology towards science and knowledge, which has so far—as he concluded—played subordinate role. Religion and science, to Gülen, cannot be considered equal in Islam. Gülen asserts that Muslims have not so far developed yet the concept of knowledge in its true meaning; based on Islamic values and formulated mainly from the Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad’s deeds. Moreover, Gülen emphasizes that the assumption of separation of revelation and reason, which has been understood so far, has been in fact a false supposition. The clash that should exist is, in fact, between secular view and religious one.