bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abordagens teóricas sobre o desenvolvimento econômico local idéias inovadoras no debate sobre essa antiga questáo?
Authors: Lima Ana Luiza Codes
Published: February 2015

Este é um trabalho que se propõe a expor e analisar a produção teórica recente sobre a questão do desenvolvimento econômico local (DL), contrapondo-a às abordagens tradicionais. Pretende-se discutir se as formulações recentes propõem maneiras efetivamente inovadoras de tratar a questão do DL, em relação às abordagens tradicionais. Para orientar a análise, foi construído um quadro de referências teóricas com base na leitura, análise e sistematização da literatura relativa ao campo temático do DL. São feitas considerações sobre o desenvolvimento econômico local, tanto em termos de concepções existentes quanto em termos de ações e instrumentos ligados às respectivas acepções do DL. Posteriormente, são feitas reflexões e comparações entre as abordagens tradicionais e recentes. A análise leva à conclusão de que a idéia de "inovadoras" não é a que melhor traduz os conteúdos de tais propostas, uma vez que elas trazem em seu bojo elementos já tratados por teorias anteriores e ou tradicionalmente utilizados pelos governos para a promoção do DL.
As condições no cotidiano organizando rotinas em negócios familiares
Authors: Lightfoot Geoff , Fournier Valérie
Published: February 2015

Este artigo se baseia em uma abordagem etnográfica para capturar as complexida des que envolvem o trabalho em empresas familiares. Tal abordagem nos permite concentrar na forma pela qual os gestores-proprietários são habilitados a construir as narrativas de suas vidas diárias, referindo-se a eventos mundanos; como eles tecem os relatos em que figuram imagens das rotinas cotidianas, como a refeição família , o tempo de abertura e fechamento, o trajeto da escola ou mesmo fazer livros.
Relações de poder no processo de sucessão em empresas familiares: o caso das indústrias filizola S.A
Authors: Capelão Luiz Gonzaga Ferreira
Published: February 2015

Este trabalho analisa o processo de sucessão em empresas familiares à luz das relações de poder estabalecidas no contexto intra-organizacional. Analisou-se o caso das Indústrias Filizola S.A., empresa familiar centenária fundada em 1886, líder sulamericana na produção de balanças mecânicas e eletrônicas, e que chega ao terceiro processo de sucessão de sua história em condições de manter-se competitiva e ativa no mercado. O interesse em analisá-la advém da longevidade alcançada pela mesma, bem como por revelar estratégias inusitadas para a condução do processo de sucessão. As conclusões deste trabalho apontam que a sucessão em empresas familiares brasileiras segue um modelo centrado na família e que tal opção pode ainda ser eficiente na sobrevivência dessas organizações.
A identidade é construída através da mídia ou do estado?
Authors: Almeida Gilberto Wildberger
Published: February 2015

O presente ensaio é um diálogo com as teorias que imputam aos meios de comunicação uma quase exclusiva importância, no que concerne à questão da construção da identidade de uma sociedade. Focaliza o papel do Estado na sua capacidade de exercer influência sobre a construção de auto identidade que uma sociedade faz de si. O período analisado aborda escolhas deliberadas de política cultural feitas por governos diferentes na Bahia. De modo concomitante, verifica-se a força de uma narrativa televisiva, capaz de influir nas escolhas de governo, em decorrência da capacidade que tem a televisão de construir identidades coletivas. A abordagem do texto é histórica descritiva. Este ensaio é uma versão modificada do texto apresentado pelo autor no GT de Televisão, no congresso da INTERCOM, em Manaus, 2000.
Novas tecnologias e organização do trabalho
Authors: Ferreira José Maria Carvalho
Published: February 2015

Os efeitos das interdependências e complementaridades entre as novas tecnologias e a organização do trabalho são cada vez mais visíveis nas sociedades contemporâneas, nomeadamente nas sociedades capitalistas desenvolvidas. Tendencialmente, esse processo assume uma visibilidade estruturante não somente ao nível da divisão do trabalho, da estrutura hierárquica da autoridade formal, do processo de tomada de decisão e do processo de liderança, como também nas qualificações e perfis profissionais do factor de produção trabalho. Na estrita medida em que as novas tecnologias e a organização do trabalho se enquadram no contexto da racionalidade instrumental do capitalismo, ambos são objecto de uma historicidade que evolui no sentido da deslocação e integração de grande parte da energia, da informação e do conhecimento que antes estava personificado nas funções e tarefas confinados às competências e qualificações do trabalho assalariado. Como resultado assistimos a uma dualização do mundo do trabalho: qualificação/desqualificação; emprego/desemprego; vinculação contratual estável/vínculos contratuais precários, e integração social/ exclusão social.
Investimento social das empresas: cooperação organizacional num espaço compartilhado
Authors: Schommer Paula Chies
Published: February 2015

Este artigo é fruto de um estudo que busca identificar características de estruturas organizacionais através das quais empresas investem sistematicamente em ações voltadas para a comunidade no Brasil. Identifica também tipos de cooperação entre estruturas organizacionais de empresas e estruturas voltadas para a área social e elementos que influenciam esses tipos de cooperação. É um estudo exploratório, comparativo, de natureza qualitativa, que utiliza como referência vinte organizações integrantes do GIFE - Grupo de Institutos, Fundações e Empresas. Baseia-se em conceitos relacionados ao investimento social das empresas e às relações interorganizacionais de cooperação. Entre as conclusões, destaca-se que os modelos de atuação nessa área no Brasil caracterizam-se pela heterogeneidade e hibridismo, e estão em transformação, numa pluralidade de formas e relações característica do atual cenário organizacional. São exemplos claros da imprecisão dos limites entre público e privado e dos tipos diferenciados de organizações geradas no espaço de interação pelo bem comum. Identifica-se também que algumas condições devem ser desenvolvidas para que as virtudes das relações de cooperação interorganizacional sejam potencializadas.
Biochemical Markers and Enzyme Assays for Herbicide Mode of Action and Resistance Studies
Authors: Dayan Franck E. , Owens Daniel K. , Corniani Natalia , Silva Ferdinando Marcos Lima , Watson Susan B. , Howell J'Lynn , Shaner Dale L.
Published: February 2015

Herbicides inhibit biochemical and physiological processes or both with lethal consequences. The target sites of these small molecules are usually enzymes involved in primary metabolic pathways or proteins carrying out essential physiological functions. Herbicides tend to be highly specific for their respective target sites and have served as tools to study these physiological and biochemical processes in plants (Dayan et al. 2010b).
Proving Allelopathy in Crop–Weed Interactions
Authors: Duke Stephen O.
Published: February 2015

This article is written to provide some directions on how to determine if a plant species might influence its neighboring plants by allelopathy. There is insufficient space for detailed instructions for individual experiments, so I will provide references for different general approaches and opinions on common pitfalls of those who have worked in this research area.
Whole-Plant and Seed Bioassays for Resistance Confirmation
Authors: Burgos Nilda R.
Published: February 2015

Much of agriculture-related research today involves weed resistance to herbicides. Resistance evolution is perhaps the strongest driver for the quest for new herbicide targets, novel weed intervention technologies, and the promotion of best management practices for sustainable crop production (Burgos et al., 2006; Norsworthy et al. 2012; Vencill et al. 2012). To date, 222 weedy species collectively have evolved resistance to 150 herbicides representing 21 sites of action (Heap 2014). For decades, scientists have developed numerous protocols for resistance confirmation using seeds, different plant parts, or whole plants. These have been reviewed by Beckie et al. (2000) and Burgos et al. (2013). We draw from these and other sources to present general guidelines for resistance confirmation that students and new researchers can use in planning their experiments. The most immediate questions that stakeholders seek to answer with resistance bioassays include:

1.

Is the population resistant?

2.

What is the level of resistance?

3.

What alternative herbicides can be used?
Progestins in the Fertility-Sparing Treatment and Retreatment of Patients With Primary and Recurrent Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Park Jeong-Yeol , Nam Joo-Hyun
Published: February 2015

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in developed countries. Approximately 3%–14% of endometrial cancers are diagnosed in young women under 40 who want to preserve their fertility. The incidence of endometrial cancer in this age group is increasing, for which fertility-sparing therapy is increasingly used because it is one of the most important quality of life issues in these women. Progestin therapy is the most common type of fertility-sparing therapy. In this review, the most up-to-date findings regarding fertility-sparing progestin therapy for young women with primary and recurrent endometrial cancer is addressed in terms of diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and oncologic and reproductive outcomes. Fertility-sparing progestin therapy is highly effective in selected young women with primary and recurrent endometrial cancer. The selection of appropriate patients through comprehensive pretreatment evaluation is of paramount importance to achieve the best outcomes without compromising survival. Because of the high rate of recurrence after successful fertility-sparing therapy, close surveillance is mandatory, and prophylactic hysterectomy is the best option for patients who have completed family planning. Pregnancy outcomes are very promising with the aid of assisted reproductive technologies. Continuous daily oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate are the preferred progestins for fertility-sparing therapy, but future studies should be performed to determine the optimal dose and treatment duration of these agents.
Helical Tomotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer: A European Single-Center Experience
Authors: Van Gestel Dirk , Van den Weyngaert Danielle , De Kerf Geert , De Ost Bie , Vanderveken Olivier , Van Laer Carl , Specenier Pol , Geussens Yasmyne , Wouters Kristien , Meulemans Els , Cheung Kin Jip , Grégoire Vincent , Vermorken Jan B.
Published: February 2015

Background.

We report on a retrospective analysis of 147 patients with early and locoregionally advanced squamous cell head and neck cancer (SCCHN) treated with helical tomotherapy (HT).

Patients and Methods.

Included were patients with SCCHN of the oral cavity (OC), oropharynx (OP), hypopharynx (HP), or larynx (L) consecutively treated in one radiotherapy center in 2008 and 2009. The prescribed HT dose was 60–66 Gy in the postoperative setting (group A) and 66–70 Gy when given as primary treatment (group B). HT was given alone, concurrent with systemic therapy (ST), that is, chemotherapy, biotherapy, or both, and with or without induction therapy (IT). Acute and late toxicities are reported using standard criteria; locoregional failure/progression (LRF), distant metastases (DM), and second primary tumors (SPT) were documented, and event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated from the start of HT.

Results.

Group A patients received HT alone in 22 cases and HT + ST in 20 cases; group B patients received HT alone in 17 cases and HT + ST in 88 cases. Severe (grade ≥ 3) acute mucosal toxicity and swallowing problems increased with more additional ST. After a median follow-up of 44 months, grade ≥2 late toxicity after HT + ST was approximately twice that of HT alone for skin, subcutis, pharynx, and larynx. Forty percent had grade ≥2 late xerostomia, and 29% had mucosal toxicity. At 3 years, LRF/DM/SPT occurred in 7%/7%/17% and 25%/13%/5% in groups A and B, respectively, leading to a 3-year EFS/OS of 64%/74% and 56%/63% in groups A and B, respectively.

Conclusion.

The use of HT alone or in combination with ST is feasible and promising and has a low late fatality rate. However, late toxicity is nearly twice as high when ST is added to HT.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Testing: Good or Bad?
Authors: Albertsen Peter C.
Published: February 2015

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is not the panacea that enthusiasts hoped for, but it is not worthless. Men who have elevated PSA need to be aware that a prostate biopsy can identify both clinically significant and insignificant cancers and that intervention can affect quality of life. The oncologist can provide expert guidance, but once a patient understands the risks and benefits, only he can make the choice to be screened or not.
Wilfried Lingenberg: Das erste Buch der Heroidenbriefe. Echtheitskritische Untersuchungen
Authors: Rosati Gianpiero
Published: February 2015

Wilfried Lingenberg: Das erste Buch der Heroidenbriefe. Echtheitskritische Untersuchungen. Paderborn/München/Wien/Zürich: Schöningh 2003. 334 S. (Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des Altertums. N. F., 1. Reihe: Monographien. 20.).
Joachim Kramer: Spätantike korinthische Säulenkapitelle in Rom. Bei S. Paolo fuori le mura, in S. Maria in Domnica und andere
Authors: Rohmann Jens
Published: February 2015

Joachim Kramer: Spätantike korinthische Säulenkapitelle in Rom. Bei S. Paolo fuori le mura, in S. Maria in Domnica und andere. Wiesbaden: Reichert 1997. IX, 178 S. 5 Abb. 31 Taf. (Spätantike – frühes Christentum – Byzanz: Studien und Perspektiven. 3.).
Wolfgang Decker, Jean-Paul Thuillier: Le sport dans l’Antiquité. Égypte, Grèce, Rome
Authors: Pleket H. W.
Published: February 2015

Wolfgang Decker, Jean-Paul Thuillier: Le sport dans l’Antiquité. Égypte, Grèce, Rome. Paris: Éditions A. et J. Picard 2004. 260 S. 275 Abb. (Antiqua. 8.). 50 €.
Bernard Holtzmann: L’Acropole d’Athènes. Monuments, cultes et histoire du sanctuaire d’Athéna Polias.
Authors: Schneider Lambert
Published: February 2015

Bernard Holtzmann: L’Acropole d’Athènes. Monuments, cultes et histoire du sanctuaire d’Athéna Polias. Paris: Éditions A. et J. Picard 2003. 303 S. 223 Abb. 4° (Antiqua.).
Jens Leberl: Domitian und die Dichter. Poesie als Medium der Herrschaftsdarstellung
Authors: Henriksén Christer
Published: February 2015

Jens Leberl: Domitian und die Dichter. Poesie als Medium der Herrschaftsdarstellung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 2004. 394 S. (Hypomnemata. 154.).
Corpus vasorum antiquorum. Denmark, 10: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Fasc. 1. [Bearbeitet von] Tobias Fischer-Hansen
Authors: Attula Regina
Published: February 2015

Corpus vasorum antiquorum. Denmark, 10: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. Fasc. 1. [Bearbeitet von] Tobias Fischer-Hansen. Copenhagen: Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek; The Royal Danish Academy of sciences and letters 2004. 165 S. 5 Farbabb. 132 Taf. 4°. (Union académique internationale.) 170 dkr.
Fasti sacerdotum. Die Mitglieder der Priesterschaften und das sakrale Funktionspersonal römischer, griechischer, orientalischer und jüdisch-christlicher Kulte in der Stadt Rom von 300 v. Chr. bis 499 n. Chr. Teil 1: Jahres- und Kollegienlisten
Authors: Haeperen Françoise Van
Published: February 2015

Fasti sacerdotum. Die Mitglieder der Priesterschaften und das sakrale Funktionspersonal römischer, griechischer, orientalischer und jüdisch-christlicher Kulte in der Stadt Rom von 300 v. Chr. bis 499 n. Chr. Teil 1: Jahres- und Kollegienlisten. Von Jörg Rüpke. Unter Beifügung einer CD zur Erschließung des prosopographischen Materials von Bernd Nüsslein unter Mitarbeit von Helmut Pannke; Teil 2: Biographien. Von Jörg Rüpke und Anne Glock (für die Biographien christlicher Funktionsträger) unter Mitarbeit von Christa Frateantonio, Wolfgang Lorenz, Christoph Rottler und Karin Schuler; Teil 3: Beiträge zur Quellenkunde und Organisationsgeschichte. Bibliographie. Register. Von Jörg Rüppke. Stuttgart: Steiner 2005. 646. 655–1388. 1395–1860 S. 1 CD. (Potsdamer Altertumswissenschaftliche Beiträge (PAwB). 12, 1–3.).
William Hutton: Describing Greece. Landscape and literature in the Periegesis of Pausanias
Authors: Gaertner Jan Felix
Published: February 2015

William Hutton: Describing Greece. Landscape and literature in the Periegesis of Pausanias. Cambridge: Cambridge UP 2005. XIII, 371 S. (Greek Culture in the Roman World.) 55 £.
Annette Rosenfeld-Löffler: La poétique d’Empédocle. Cosmologie et métaphore. Thèse de doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Lausanne.
Authors: O'Brien Denis
Published: February 2015

Annette Rosenfeld-Löffler: La poétique d’Empédocle. Cosmologie et métaphore. Thèse de doctorat présentée à la Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Lausanne. Bern/Berlin/Bruxelles/Frankfurt a.M./New York/Oxford/Wien: Lang 2006. XI, 200 S. (Echo.)
Massimiliano Vitiello: Il principe, il filosofo, il guerriero. Lineamenti di pensiero politico nell’Italia ostrogota
Authors: Meier Mischa
Published: February 2015

Massimiliano Vitiello: Il principe, il filosofo, il guerriero. Lineamenti di pensiero politico nell’Italia ostrogota. Stuttgart: Steiner 2006. 284 S. (Hermes Einzelschriften. 97.).
Ingrid Laube: Thorakophoroi. Gestalt und Semantik des Brustpanzers in der Darstellung des 4. bis 1.Jhs. v.Chr
Authors: Frielinghaus Heide
Published: February 2015

Ingrid Laube: Thorakophoroi. Gestalt und Semantik des Brustpanzers in der Darstellung des 4. bis 1.Jhs. v.Chr. Rahden/Westf.: Verlag Marie Leidorf 2006. XV, 258 S. 84 Taf. 4°. (Tübinger Archäologische Forschungen. 1.).
Heinrich Dörrie – Matthias Baltes: Der Platonismus in der Antike
Authors: Szlezák Thomas A.
Published: February 2015

Heinrich Dörrie – Matthias Baltes: Der Platonismus in der Antike, Band 1–6.2, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt: frommann-holzboog 1987–2004.
Miriam R. Pelikan Pittenger: Contested Triumphs. Politics, Pageantry, and Performance in Livy’s Republican Rome.
Authors: Hölkeskamp Karl-Joachim
Published: February 2015

Miriam R. Pelikan Pittenger: Contested Triumphs. Politics, Pageantry, and Performance in Livy’s Republican Rome. Berkeley/Los Angeles/London: California UP 2008. XIII, 365 S. (The Joan Palevsky Imprint in Classical Literature.) 42,95 £.
Aules Persius Flaccus, Saturarum liber. Edidit Walter Kissel.
Authors: Lucarini Carlo M.
Published: February 2015

Aules Persius Flaccus, Saturarum liber. Edidit Walter Kissel. Berlin/New York: de Gruyter 2007. XXX, 57 S. (Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana.)
Joachim Hupe (Hrsg.): Der Achilleus-Kult im nördlichen Schwarzmeerraum vom Beginn der griechischen Kolonisation bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. Beiträge zur Akkulturationsforschung. Unter Mitarbeit von Claudia von Behren. Mit Beiträgen von Sergej B. Bujskich, Joachim Hupe, Sergej B. Ochotnikov, Anna S. Rusjaeva und Irina V. Tunkina.
Authors: Kreuz Patric-Alexander
Published: February 2015

Joachim Hupe (Hrsg.): Der Achilleus-Kult im nördlichen Schwarzmeerraum vom Beginn der griechischen Kolonisation bis in die römische Kaiserzeit. Beiträge zur Akkulturationsforschung. Unter Mitarbeit von Claudia von Behren. Mit Beiträgen von Sergej B. Bujskich, Joachim Hupe, Sergej B. Ochotnikov, Anna S. Rusjaeva und Irina V. Tunkina. Rahden/Westf.: Verlag Marie Leidorf 2006. 270 S. 58 Taf. 4°. (Internationale Archäologie. 94.) 69,80 €
Cédric Brélaz: La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier–IIIème s. ap. J.-C.). Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain
Authors: Meyer-Zwiffelhoffer Eckard
Published: February 2015

Cédric Brélaz: La sécurité publique en Asie Mineure sous le Principat (Ier–IIIème s. ap. J.-C.). Institutions municipales et institutions impériales dans l’Orient romain. Basel: Schwabe 2005 XI, 530 S. (Schweizerische Beiträge zur Altertumswissenschaft. 32.) 82,50 €.
Jonathan Gottschall: The Rape of Troy. Evolution, Violence, and the World of Homer.
Authors: Mellmann Katja
Published: February 2015

Jonathan Gottschall: The Rape of Troy. Evolution, Violence, and the World of Homer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP 2008. XII, 223 S.
D. S. McKie: Essays in the Interpretation of Roman Poetry.
Authors: Verger Antonio Ramírez de
Published: February 2015

D. S. McKie: Essays in the Interpretation of Roman Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge Classical Press 2009. XI, 307 S.
Peter Franz Mittag: Antiochos IV. Epiphanes. Eine politische Biographie.
Authors: Brüggemann Thomas
Published: February 2015

Peter Franz Mittag: Antiochos IV. Epiphanes. Eine politische Biographie. Berlin: Akademie Verlag 2006. 429 S. 18 Abb. (Klio. Beiträge zur Alten Geschichte, Beihefte. N.F. 11.) 69,80 €.
Maria Anastasiadou: The Middle Minoan Three-Sided Soft Stone Prism. 2 vols.
Authors: Younger John G.
Published: February 2015

Maria Anastasiadou: The Middle Minoan Three-Sided Soft Stone Prism. 2 vols. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern 2011. XXII, 802 S. 134 Abb. 131 Taf. 4°. (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Corpus der Minoischen und Mykenischen Siegel. Beiheft 9.)
Antonio Monterroso Checa: Theatrum Pompei. Forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma.
Authors: Trunk Markus
Published: February 2015

Antonio Monterroso Checa: Theatrum Pompei. Forma y arquitectura de la génesis del modelo teatral de Roma. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; Escuela Española de Historia y Arqueología en Roma 2010. 422 S. 285 Abb. 4°. (Serie Arqueológica. 12.).
Rathmann Michael: Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstrassen in den westlichen Provinzen des Imperium Romanum.
Authors: Herzig H. E.
Published: February 2015

Rathmann Michael: Untersuchungen zu den Reichsstrassen in den westlichen Provinzen des Imperium Romanum. Mainz: von Zabern 2003. VIII, 324 S. 3 Beil. 4°. (BonnJbb. Beihefte. 55.)
Catherine Collobert: Parier sur le temps. La quête héroïque d’immortalité dans l’épopée homérique.
Authors: Stoevesandt Magdalene
Published: February 2015

Catherine Collobert: Parier sur le temps. La quête héroïque d’immortalité dans l’épopée homérique. Paris: Les Belles Lettres 2011. 303 S. (Collection d’Etudes Anciennes. 143.) 45 €.
Die Deutschen Christen im Nationalsozialismus und die Lebendige Kirche im Bolschewismus – zwei kirchliche Repräsentationen neuer politischer Ordnungen
Authors: Wessel Martin Schulze
Published: February 2015

The Nazi-oriented «German Christians» and the «Living Church» in Bolshevism – Two Religious Manifestations of New Political Orders

Using the examples of the «Living Church» in the early Soviet Union and the «German Christians Religious Movement» in Nazi Germany, the article compares two church bodies which emphatically supported the new political orders against tendencies in the more traditional sections of their Churches. Both designed a political theology conforming to the core elements of the new political ideology (heroisation of the faith, glorification of nation and race in National Socialism, class struggle ideology and the cult of science in Bolshevism). Both groups were sustained by some members of the clergy who had already supported the new political order or the revolutionary goal before the new order had even come to power. In contrast to the «German Christians», however, support among the laity for the Russian movement remained poor. Nor did the «Living Church» succeed in achieving symbolic recognition by the Soviet regime, whereas National Socialism demonstrated acceptance for the religious programmes of the «German Christians».
Vorwort: «Europa» aus der Sicht nichtwestlicher Eliten, 1900–1930
Authors: Conrad Sebastian
Published: February 2015

Introduction: «Europe», and the Politics of Non-Western Elites, 1900–1930

«Europe» played an important role in the politics of non-western elites in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These introductory remarks sketch the historiographical frame within which the following articles should be situated. They deal particularly with the concept of «Occidentalism» and the appropriation of «Europe» that transcends simple notions of reception and images; with the question of agency of non-western elites; and, finally, with questions of periodization.
Borders Breached: The Transnational in Eastern Europe since Solidarity
Authors: Kenney Padraic
Published: February 2015

Borders Breached: The Transnational in Eastern Europe since Solidarity

This article reconsiders the history of the late Cold War and the early post-Cold War eras as shaped by transnational forces. It proposes an understanding of the transnational as created by individual and group actors crossing borders and engaging in diffusion of ideas, styles and methods of political action. The era centred around 1989 differed, in its transnationality, from the preceding era of protest in 1968, when interactions across borders were less important than were common structural factors in accounting for coincident activism. From the mid-1970s, international agreements, economic migration, and the conscious decisions of local actors and social movements facilitated the emergence of a network of activism in Eastern Europe; this network is one of the most important features of Communism's demise. Since 1989, the imprint of that network can be seen in subsequent democratic transformations, in the changing attitudes of Europeans toward their neighbours, and even in the discourse surrounding the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
Eine Insel? Das Polnische Informations- und Kulturzentrum in Leipzig (1969-1989)
Authors: Logemann Daniel
Published: February 2015

An Isle? The Polish Information and Cultural Centre in Leipzig (1969–1989)

In the isolated and controlled GDR-society, Polish influences were often understood as western and liberal. In this context, the establishment of the Polish Centre for Information and Culture in 1969 challenged the cultural life in Leipzig in many ways. By participating in the broad political and cultural program and frequenting language courses, the library and a crafts shop, party members, Polish citizens and interested Germans in Leipzig created several forms of adoption towards the Polish Centre. This article shows that officials and the Secret Police of the GDR reacted with irritation and distrust to the polish institution. The fear of the authorities turned out to be justified. Many – mostly German – visitors of the Centre established informal ways of communication and created themselves an intellectual and emotional «Polish home». In conclusion it becomes evident that even in the highly observed and controlled public sphere of the GDR people could add some sense and meaning to their everyday lives besides the common socialist discourse.
Criticism as Crisis, or Why the Soviet Union Collapsed
Authors: Baberowski Jörg
Published: February 2015

Criticism as Crisis, or Why the Soviet Union Still Collapsed

Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika was the response to a crisis? Historians who believe in progress provided clear answers to this question: Soviet socialism was a promise aimed at eliminating all human suffering, fulfilling all material desires and making world history. However, because of the deficits of the Soviet shortage economy, this promise of salvation was neglected every day. Those who promise paradise on earth but only administer deficits lose their legitimacy, and consensus disintegrates. In the end, the Soviet Union experienced a deep crisis. But the contemporaries did not feel that way. And if people do not experience a crisis in their hearts and minds, there is no crisis. It is not so much the times that change but rather the circumstances and how they are perceived. The perestroika was not an expression of crisis. Rather, it triggered the crisis. What is currently taking place in authoritarian Russia and in most of the successor states of the former Soviet Union is only understandable if one considers it as a response to the crisis that was actually generated by the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Remembering and Rebuilding: Leningrad after the Siege from a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Kirschenbaum Lisa
Published: February 2015

Remembering and Rebuilding: Leningrad after the Siege from a Comparative Perspective

The paper takes as its starting point the recognition that when compared with other post-catastrophic cities, Leningrad appears to be an outlier that offers little insight into more «typical» cases. Blockaded for almost nine-hundred days, Leningrad suffered less damage to its physical plant than the iconic destroyed cities of World War II. At the same time, the city's relatively intact cityscape barely hinted at the vast human losses–perhaps one million Leningraders died of starvation–that also defy comparison. The uniqueness of the Leningrad case underscores the utility of comparisons grounded in local subjectivities. I propose a comparative analysis structured around examining the key questions – what was destroyed, what was rebuilt, how was the story told – from the perspective of people who lived in the city before, during and after the catastrophe.
The Morality of Quality. Assimilating Material Mass Culture in Twentieth-Century Sweden
Authors: Husz Orsi
Published: February 2015

The Morality of Quality. Assimilating Material Mass Culture in Twentieth-Century Sweden

This article discusses perceptions of material mass culture in twentieth-century Sweden through the lens of the concept of «quality». It aims to shed light on how the concept of quality emerged in connection with mass culture and mass consumerism in Swedish public debates and writings, and how it was used, defined and redefined between the seemingly opposite poles of feelings / subjectivity and reason / objectivity. By analysing the ways in which quality was positioned historically within the complex web of relations woven between the individual, society and the commodity, I will show how and why it should be seen as a key term in the attempts at shaping mass consumerism within the framework of the emerging Swedish welfare state. During this process, the concepts of quality and quantity were repeatedly reconciled in different ways. This is exemplified by two mass-media debates on material mass culture in the 1930s and in the 1960s.
Stimmen aus Jerusalem. Die Macht der Gerüchte und die religiöse Renaissance in der Sowjetunion, 1941–1948
Authors: Huhn Ulrike
Published: February 2015

Voices from Jerusalem. The Power of Rumours and the Religious Renaissance in the Soviet Union, 1941–1948

Soviet state and party leaders claiming the opinion leadership and the monopoly of the press had an extremely ambivalent attitude towards all alternative media facilitating any kind of public opinion shaping. However, within a state where news could not be spread by independent press institutions, rumours unavoidably assumed the function of substitute media. The Bolsheviks’ single-party state, always cautious not to lose news control, was therefore also forever producing new rumours.

Using the example of the resurgence of religious practices and widespread religious interpretations of the German invasion in the time after 1941, the author analyses this ambivalence. Because of its manoeuvering and its religious policies during the war, the regime slid into a very delicate situation. Two factors opened the door to oral interpretations and rumours concerning the framework, duration and reasons for the new church policy: on the one hand, the government tried to use the Russian Orthodox Church as an instrument for its own purposes; on the other, there were only a few guidelines that ruled religious life. As a result, it was precisely this ambivalent framework that offered much more scope for popular religiousness. Especially in the religious sphere, the Bolshevist state did not succeed in breaking the power of rumours.
Eugenics before 1945
Authors: Tanner Jakob
Published: February 2015

Eugenics before 1945

An appropriate understanding of eugenics before 1945 implies that this break is questioned and put into perspective. The article conceives eugenics as a multifarious project of modernity that derived from the biopolitical aspiration to improve public health and enhance human capabilities. Consequently, it was supported across the political spectrum. In the course of the Twentieth Century, an international eugenics movement took shape and found widespread and transnational resonance in the public opinion. However, the conflation of the Aryan myth, racial purity and medical coercive measures in Nazi-Germany discredited the concept of eugenics after 1945. Nonetheless, such measures, often combined with elements of soft coercion, were applied in many countries, particularly in the U.S., the Scandinavian countries and Switzerland up to the 1970s. Meanwhile, the feasibility of Reproductive Medicine gave rise to a «liberal eugenics» which is entrenched in the promises of health and happiness descending from the Nineteenth Century.
Eugenics and Social Security in France before and after the Vichy Regime
Authors: Rosental Paul-André
Published: February 2015

Eugenics and Social Security in France before and after the Vichy Regime

Historiography of French eugenics has long been hindered by a mechanistic conception derived from history of ideas, which postulated that it was incompatible with pronatalism and catholicism, with republicanism and Lamarckism; and that it simply collapsed after World War II. The reference to the transnational model of «Latin eugenics» redirects the thinking around a more plastic definition of eugenics that stresses its connections with social hygiene, in order to better understand the conversions it has undergone after 1945 in connection with the circulation of scientific and administrative models. Beyond medicine and psychiatry, genetics and occupational medicine, are particularly concerned demography, biotypology, educational and occupational choice, the fight against alcoholism, and of course family planning. Eugenics has also paradoxically contributed to the psychologization of human relationships. Taking it seriously allows historians to return to the issue of norms underlying population, social and health policies over the past century.
Solidarity and the Academic Community: The Support Networks for Refugee Scholars in the 1930s
Authors: Löhr Isabella
Published: February 2015

Solidarity and the Academic Community: Refugee Scholars and their Support Networks in the 1930s

Recent scholarship on humanitarianism has drawn attention to the intertwined nature of humanitarianism and politics and questioned narratives that present charity and humanitarianism as purportedly universal values. Additionally, research on refugees has pointed to the role of refugee issues in disputes over the meaning of citizenship, national belonging and exclusion. Yet these discussions have not been applied to the history of the scholars who were forced into exile by the National Socialists from 1933 onwards. The article focuses on two organisations for academic refugees, the British Academic Assistance Council and the Notgemeinschaft deutscher Wissenschaftler im Ausland, which facilitated emigration and placed scientists at host institutions abroad. It argues that the aid efforts of these organisations were to a considerable extent shaped by professional considerations and remained dependent on well-established national infrastructures and concerns.
The Rockefeller Foundation and the Transition from the League of Nations to the UN (1939–1946)
Authors: Tournès Ludovic
Published: February 2015

The Rockefeller Foundation and the Transition from the League of Nations to the UN (1939–1946)

The Rockefeller Foundation played an important role in the transition from the League of Nations to the United Nations through its collaboration with two international organisations. The first was the Economic, Financial and Transit Department (EFTD) of the LoN. By financing its move to the United States and all of its work during the Second World War, the RF would allow it to make a major contribution to the reorganisation of the global economic order after 1945. The second organisation was the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), which the RF provided with staff, working methods, and a network of contacts around the world. The RF was thus deeply involved in the redefinition of the overall structure of the system of international organisations during WWII.
Cytogenetical effects of aluminum on root meristem cells of Helianthus annuus L.
Authors: Li Me , Qin Rong , Jiang Wusheng , Liu Donghua
Published: February 2015

Different aluminum concentrations (5, 50, and 100 ?M), as well as different exposure times (24, 48, and 72 h), were applied to investigate cytogenetical alterations in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) meristem cells. Nucleolin was also examined under aluminum stress using silver-staining method and indirect immunofluorescent method. Results showed that the mitotic index decreased progressively when either aluminum concentration or exposure time increased. C-mitosis, anaphase bridges, and chromosome stickiness were observed in the aluminum treated root tip cells. Some particulates containing the argyrophilic NOR-associated proteins were distributed in the nucleus of the root-tip cells, and the amount of this particulate material progressively increased with increasing exposure time. Finally, the nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. The result also indicated the nucleolar protein nucleolin was translocated from nucleolus to nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, that presence of 50 ?M of aluminum for 48 h, suggesting that aluminum disturbed rRNA synthesis and induced the abnormal cellular location of nucleolar protein. The strongly toxic effect of aluminum on the nucleolus can inhibit or stop mitosis, and consequently inhibit root growth.
Investigation of Latent Periodicity Phenomenon in the Genomes of Eukaryotic Organisms
Authors: Chaley M.B. , Kutyrkin V.A. , Tyulbasheva G.E. , Teplukhina E.I. , Nazipova N.N.
Published: February 2015

Analysis of the data from the first release of HeteroGenome database, collecting the revealed regions of latent periodicity in the genomes of a number of eukaryotic organisms, is presented. Tandem repeats with different conservation of a pattern copies, including the highly diverged repeats, were identified in the genomes of S. cerevisiae, A. thaliana, C. elegans and D. melanogaster. The data were obtained with the help of original spectral-statistical approach to searching for the reliable regions of latent periodicity in DNA sequences. Introduction of the two-level structure for the data presentation (At the first, nonredundant level the regions of latent periodicity is generally viewed, at the second level only the fragments of conservative periodic structure are considered.) allowed to estimate a share of genome coverage by the regions of latent periodicity which counts ~10% of a whole genome length. The estimate is deduced according to the data of the first level. An analysis of quantitative and qualitative content (corresponding to the divergence levels) of the latent periodicity regions over all the chromosomes of the considered organisms revealed the characteristic types of periodicity in a genome of each organism. The histograms showing density distribution of the latent periodicity regions along every chromosome in the analyzed genomes were built. A repertoire of period lengths were revealed in the genomes. Moreover, HeteroGenome base offers some additional possibilities for its’ data analysis and is freely available at URL: http://www.jcbi.ru/lp_baze/.
Physical stress modifies top‐down and bottom‐up forcing on plant growth and reproduction in a coastal ecosystem
Authors: Daleo Pedro , Alberti Juan , Bruschetti Carlos Martín , Pascual Jesús , Iribarne Oscar , Silliman Brian R.
Published: February 2015

Bottom‐up and top‐down effects act together to exert strong control over plant growth and reproduction, but how physical stress modifies those interactive forces remains unclear. Even though empirical evidence is scarce, theory predicts that the importance of both top‐down and bottom‐up forces may decrease as physical stress increases. Here, we experimentally evaluate in the field the separate and interactive effect of salinity, nutrient availability, and crab herbivory on plant above‐ and belowground biomass, as well as on sexual and clonal reproduction in the salt marsh plantSpartina densiflora. Results show that the outcome of the interaction between nutrient availability and herbivory is highly context dependent, not only varying with the abiotic context (i.e., with or without increased salinity stress), but also with the dependent variable considered. Contrary to theoretical predictions, our results show that, consistently across different measured variables, salinity stress did not cancel bottom‐up (i.e., nutrients) or top‐down (i.e., consumers) control, but has additive effects. Our results support emerging theory by highlighting that, under many conditions, physical stress can act additively with, or even stimulate, consumer control, especially in cases where the physical stress is only experienced by basal levels of the trophic chain. Abiotic stress, as well as bottom‐up and top‐down factors, can affect salt marsh structure and function not only by affecting biomass production but also by having other indirect effects, such as changing patterns in plant biomass allocation and reproduction.
Alienation Among College Students and Attitudes Toward Face-to-Face and Online Counseling: Implications for Student Learning
Authors: Lewis Jacqueline , Coursol Diane H. , Bremer Karin Lindstrom , Komarenko Oleksandr
Published: February 2015

This study examined the relationship between 3 aspects of alienation: powerlessness, meaninglessness, and social estrangement, and attitudes toward face-to-face and online counseling among college students. Participants included 180 undergraduate students at a Midwestern university. Correlations indicated a significant relationship between discomfort with face-to-face counseling and powerlessness (r= .20,p= .008) and meaninglessness (r= .22,p= .003). There were no significant relationships between attitudes toward online counseling and any aspect of alienation. Significant gender differences in value toward face-to-face counseling were found. Higher education should examine the use of online counseling among college students.
Indicators of Professional Development in Texts Written by Prospective Teachers
Authors: Balslev Kristine , Vanhulle Sabine , Dieci Sandra Pellanda
Published: February 2015

The writing of narratives is a frequently used educational tool in teacher education. This activity has several aims, such as bridging the gap between theory and practice, transforming experience into knowledge, and fostering consciousness and reflexivity among prospective teachers. We consider that the writing of narratives, framed with some guidelines, represents a mean to build professional knowledge. To get a better insight into the processes involved in the writing of narratives, this article examines the cognitive and discursive mechanisms that underlie professional development. We rely on indicators of professional development observed through a psycholinguistic analysis of narrative texts. This type of text analysis is anchored in a Vygotskian perspective, according to which language; thinking and action are interdependent in the constitution of an individual’s system of mental representations. In this article, we present an educational artifact for narrative writing, a grid for the analysis of discourses in the context of teacher education (the Analysis of Discourses About Professional Apprenticeship grid), our methodological framework and some results. The use of this grid is illustrated with examples of the prospective teachers’ narratives and questionings. Finally, we suggest that professional knowledge results from the convergence between enunciative undertakings, regulations of action, and conceptions and reflective spectrum. This convergence determines the strength of professional knowledge built. Moreover, the texts that have been analyzed reveal the fundamental questionings the trainee teachers have when faced with the task of textualizing their professional knowledge as well as the meaning they give to their activity.
E&P Notes (February 2015)
Authors: Jacobs Trent , Betz Jack , Rassenfoss Stephen
Published: February 2015

E&P Notes

The Gravity of Oil and Gas Exploration

Trent Jacobs, JPT Technology Writer

A Cold War technology invented to stealthily guide the United States Navy’s nuclear submarine fleet is now serving a much more peaceful purpose: aiding in the search for oil and gas deposits. Far removed from the ocean depths, gravity gradiometry has evolved to become an increasingly sophisticated aerial technology that has been used to rapidly analyze the subsurface of every continent in the world.

Mexico Receives a Cautious Endorsement for Investment

Jack Betz, JPT Staff Writer

Despite shallow-water, conventional areas being some of Mexico’s most promising plays for international operators in the short term, the economic factors surrounding them are “not robust,” even at higher oil prices.

During a December presentation at the Petroleum Club in Houston, Alan Cunningham, technical director at Gaffney, Cline & Associates, said that assuming an oil price of USD 80/bbl and a 50/50 production- sharing agreement with the Mexican government, the firm’s pro forma model projected that a generic, shallowwater, light oil discovery of 50 million bbl would yield a 12.4% return. Even at the model’s designated oil price, which is significantly higher than the current price, Cunningham stated that a 10% swing in any of its variables could destroy economic viability.

Steel Pipe May Offer a Window Into Reservoirs

Stephen Rassenfoss, JPT Emerging Technology Senior Editor

Add a new possible use for downhole casing: It can serve as broadcast antennae. Saudi Aramco recently reported that it has successfully tested a method for mapping oil and water underground using electromagnetic waves generated by running an electrical current through the steel casing in a well (IPTC 17845).

The method could represent a cost-saving step forward for the Saudi Arabian national oil company’s longterm effort to monitor changing fluid flows in its reservoirs with electromagnetic energy to study how water injected into its fields is sweeping out the remaining oil, and see what it is missing.

ExxonMobil Report Sees North America as Net Exporter of Oil and Gas in 5 Years

Jack Betz, JPT Staff Writer

North America is expected be a net exporter of both oil and natural gas by 2020, according to ExxonMobil’s “Outlook for Energy: A View to 2040” report, which was released in December.

The report sees Latin America, Africa, Russia, and the Middle East joining the US as net oil exporters while Europe and Asia will remain net importers. By 2040, unconventional sources will provide approximately 45% of oil and liquids production around the world. Tight oil will make up the largest share of unconventionally sourced liquids, followed by oil sands.