bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NOTAS SOBRE FIGURAS DA MEDIAÇÃO NA TERCEIRA CRÍTICA DE KANT
Authors: MARQUES António
Published: October 2019

The present text aims to identify in Kant’s third Critique some main figures of mediation between morals and aesthetics. In the kantian system, not only nature and reason are separated by an unbridgeable gap, but also morals and aesthetics are different domains of the rationality, which are grounded on different principles. Nevertheless the third Critique explores the possibility of some mediation figures, that can overcome the mentioned gap. This is the task of the reflexive aesthetic judgment and its systematic work. In this process of the aesthetic judgment, the figures of a universal agreement among subjectivities and the moral value of the aesthetic symbol, seem to acquire a central systematic role.
PRUDÊNCIA E MORAL NA FILOSOFIA POLÍTICA DE KANT
Authors: KLEIN Joel Thiago
Published: October 2019

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma sugestão interpretativa para resolver conflitos entre o agir moral e o agir prudencial no contexto da filosofia política de Kant. Para isso, defende-se a tese de que existe três modos diferentes pelos quais a prudência se relaciona com a moralidade, a saber, relação de unificação, uma relação de subordinação e uma relação de associação.
KANT CONTRA O SILOGISMO DA IDEALIDADE: NOTAS SOBRE A REFUTAÇÃO DE 1781
Authors: REGO Pedro Costa
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo é um comentário do projeto kantiano de refutação do idealismo com foco especial no Quarto Paralogismo de ambas as edições da Crítica da Razão Pura, intitulado “Paralogismo da Idealidade (da relação externa)” (A366-380) (“Refutação A”). Nele defendo que, ao contrário do que se aceita consensualmente, e ao contrário do que Kant explicitamente defende na sua classificação qualitativa do gênero argumentativo que ele chama de “objeção”, que encontramos na seção da Crítica intitulada “Reflexões sobre o conjunto da psicologia pura em consequência destes paralogismos”, a objeção da Crítica ao autor dos Paralogismos não é, unanimemente, uma objeção crítica. Mais precisamente: considerado o conjunto da reflexão kantiana sobre o tema central do Quarto Paralogismo (QP), a objeção kantiana ao seu autor, isto é, ao chamado idealista cartesiano, ou idealista problemático, é uma objeção dogmática. Com isso quero dizer que, para Kant, nunca se tratou apenas de provar que a prova da tese idealista do QP é sem fundamento. Não apenas a refutação que encontramos no QP, mas o conjunto da reflexão kantiana contra o idealismo envolve uma defesa explícita de que a tese idealista sobre a existência do mundo externo é uma proposição que tem valor de verdade determinável. Ela é, num certo sentido, verdadeira, num certo sentido, falsa, dependendo tanto do texto kantiano que tomamos por base - se a Refutação de 81 ou a de 87 -, quanto da acepção em que se toma a expressão “mundo externo”, ou “coisas fora de nós” no primeiro desses textos. Em todo caso, ela não é jamais uma proposição indecidível. O motivo pelo qual Kant não pode suspender seu juízo acerca do conteúdo da conclusão do silogismo da idealidade é que esta conclusão, dependendo de como são tomados os seus termos, ou bem nega, ou bem confirma diretamente toda a teoria da objetividade do idealismo transcendental.
HANNAH ARENDT LEITORA DE KANT: IMAGINAÇÃO, COMUNICABILIDADE, SENTIDO, LINGUAGEM
Authors: JUSTO José Miranda
Published: October 2019

In her The Human Condition Hannah Arendt is particularly critic towards what she considers to be Kant’s «utilitarianism» and «anthropocentrism». Later, however, Arendt will draw on Kant’s Critique of Judgment to construct her political theories and to discuss themes such as imagination, communicability, sense, language and especially metaphor.
Laura Anna Macor: Die Bestimmung Des menschen (1748-1800): eine Begriffsgeschichte. Fromman Holzboog, 2013, 432 pp.
Authors: MACHADO Lucas Nascimento
Published: October 2019

Laura Anna Macor’s Die Bestimmung des Menschen (1748-1800): Eine Begriffsgeschichte is atestament of an enormous philological, historical and philosophical work, one that was no doubt necessary to deal with the amplitude and complexity of the concept it discusses. As Macor herself notes at the beginning of the book, while being maybe one of the fundamental ideas of German’s late Enlightenment, the concept of the “Bestimmung des Menschen” (which could be translated as “the destination of man”, but, due to the untranslatable plurality of meanings of the word, we shall use here without translation) has still had very little research done on it, if compared to other central ideas of that branch of Enlightenment (p. 26).
“Equidade universal, humanidade, razão activa”. J. G. Herder sobre a paz perpétua
Authors: Silva Fernando M. F.
Published: October 2019

O texto “Para a Paz Perpétua. Um ensaio filosófico”, que Kant colige em 1795, constitui um importante marco na linha de formação do pensamento político, ético e antropológico do grande filósofo; uma linha de formação que há muito se vinha anunciando, mais ou menos veladamente, em algumas Lições de Antropologia (1772-1796), ou em textos como “Ideia para uma História Universal num Propósito Cosmopolita” (1784), ou “Sobre o Dito Comum: isso pode ser Verdadeiro na Teoria, mas não vale para a Prática” (1793), e que é definitivamente trazida à palavra justamente no texto de 1795.
Sobre autonomia e dignidade como base para justificação dos direitos humanos
Authors: Santos Robinson dos Santos
Published: October 2019

A justificação filosófica dos direitos humanos continua sendo na atualidade um dos grandes desafios relacionados às áreas da filosofia moral, política e jurídica. No cerne deste debate tanto na academia, quanto na esfera pública em geral, ressurgem sempre questões fundamentais como: o que são e para que servem os direitos humanos? Ora estas questões implicam em analisar se os direitos humanos possuem alguma força efetivamente normativa e os pressupostos sobre os quais estão eles baseados. Neste contexto, o recurso ao pensamento de Kant precisa igualmente ser questionado: em que medida Kant oferece (ou não oferece) argumentos robustos, do ponto de vista moral, para uma justificação razoável dos direitos humanos? Que papel desempenha, neste contexto, sua noção de dignidade?
Considerações sobre a teoria kantiana dos direitos humanos de Luigi Caranti
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: October 2019

Este artigo apresenta uns poucos comentários à primeira parte do livro Kant’s Political Legacy: Human Rights, Peace, Progress (2017), de Luigi Caranti. Caranti visa desenvolver uma teoria kantiana dos direitos humanos, começando pela reconstrução da concepção de Kant de um direito inato à liberdade. Eu sugiro que não deveríamos ser tão otimistas sobre a perspectiva de uma fundação dos direitos humanos tradicionais baseada no direito kantiano à liberdade, porque Kant tinha uma visão bastante restrita do conteúdo desse direito. Minha posição é que apenas direitos negativos - entendidos como direitos à não interferência - podem se adequar a uma teoria kantiana dos direitos humanos, enquanto a prática dos direitos humanos admite direitos positivos - entendidos como direitos de sermos providos com benefícios - como uma parte central sua.
Uma Fundamentação Kantiana dos Direitos Humanos, da Paz e do Progresso: Um Debate com Luigi Caranti
Authors: Klein Joel Thiago
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo minha intenção é, por um lado, apresentar algumas considerações críticas com relação a interpretação esboçada por Caranti acerca de Kant e, por outro lado, levantar certos problemas que não se referem diretamente à sua interpretação, mas são questões direcionadas à própria posição de Kant e que trazem desafios à atualização de Caranti da filosofia política kantiana.
Palavra do Editor
Authors: Marques Ubirajara Rancan de Azevedo
Published: October 2019

O fascículo em pauta de Estudos Kantianos apresenta um total de 20 preciosos contributos científicos. Os primeiros 18—de autoria de João Carlos Brum Torres, Andrea Faggion, Marcos César Seneda, Christian Klotz, Verlaine Freitas, Bernardo Barros Oliveira, Luiz Camillo Osório, Sílvia Faustino de Assis Saes, Vladimir Vieira e Pablo Muchnik—provêm de estudiosos pertencentes a mais de uma geração, oriundos de diferentes países, todos amplamente reconhecidos pela regularidade e pelo alcance invulgar de suas atividades filosóficas. Os artigos ora publicados de tais acadêmicos constituem parte assaz representativa de um futuro Léxico Kantiano Eletrônico em Língua Portuguesa, empresa que, tendo principiado em meados de 2015, congrega algumas dezenas de colaboradores brasileiros e portugueses, mas também acadêmicos alemães, argentinos, espanhóis, italianos e norte-americanos. O que ora cá se publica—iniciativa que terá continuidade nos próximos fascículos de Estudos Kantianos—é só uma parte do material que já foi e vem ainda sendo disponibilizado para os editores de tal obra [Leonel Ribeiro dos Santos e Ubirajara Rancan de Azevedo Marques].
Sensação
Authors: Torres João Carlos Brum
Published: October 2019

O verbete trata de destacar os diferentes significados atribuídos ao termo “sensação” no conjunto da obra kantiana. Distingue basicamente o sentido subjetivo do termo, introduzido e explicado, sobretudo, no contexto da Crítica da Faculdade de Julgar, do sentido objetivo, que é tratado e subdistinguido no conjunto da obra teórica de Kant e que, sob diferentes aspectos e com relação a diferentes funções, é essencial para a restituição analítica da complexidade da cognição humana, notadamente do papel decisivo aí desempenhado pela sensibilidade.
Juízo
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: October 2019

A teoria do juízo de Immanuel Kant ocupa um lugar central em sua filosofia. Este trabalho apresenta seus elementos mais básicos.
Causa – causalidade
Authors: Faggion Andrea
Published: October 2019

A teoria do conhecimento moderna é marcada por investigações filosóficas sobre a natureza da causa/causalidade. Immanuel Kant prestou uma das principais contribuições a esse debate. Este trabalho sumariza brevemente a sua teoria da causa/causalidade.
Conformidade a fins
Authors: Freitas Verlaine
Published: October 2019

Apresentação dos elementos definidores dos conceitos de fim e conformidade a fim. Inicia-se apresentando a noção geral de fim como vínculo entre um objeto e o conceito como sua origem, passando-se em seguida ao princípio da conformidade a fim, tomado como fundamento da ação própria da faculdade de julgar. O núcleo do texto é constituído pela aplicação de tais conceitos ao juízo de gosto. Por fim, considera-se as diferenças entre beleza livre e aderente, tópico relevante nas análises da beleza artística.
Exaltação
Authors: Vieira Vladimir
Published: October 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar diferentes formulações do conceito de exaltação [Schwärmerei] ao longo da obra kantiana. O trabalho discute, inicialmente, as origens religiosas do uso figurado desse termo, que remontam a Lutero e que influenciaram o modo como ele é empregado nos textos pré-críticos de Kant. Em seguida, o texto percorre seus diferentes desdobramentos a partir do desenvolvimento da filosofia crítica, em particular no que diz respeito ao modo como ele se relaciona com os problemas do conhecimento, da moral e com a ideia de sublime.
Radical Evil (radikal Böse)
Authors: Muchnik Pablo
Published: October 2019

By “evil,” Kant does not designate any set of particularly pernicious acts, but the type of volition that underlies and makes possible immorality in all its forms. The evil person, Kant believes, “makes the incentives of self-love and their inclinations the condition of compliance with the moral law –whereas it is the latter that, as the supreme condition of the satisfaction of the former, should have been incorporated into the universal maxim of the power of choice as the sole incentive” (R 6:36). This inversion of the ethical order of priority does not entail the repudiation of “the moral law (…) in rebellious attitude (by revoking obedience to it)” (R 6:36), but its conditional respect. This fraudulent relation to morality is based on complex strategies of deception, self-deception, and rationalization. The “radical “nature of these tendencies has nothing to do with the intensity or magnitude of observable wrongdoing. Evil’s radicalism is a spatial metaphor intended to designate the locus of immorality (its “root”) in an agent’s “disposition (Gesinnung). What is most baffling the Kantian view is that evil so construed is perfectly compatible with good conduct. Indeed, under the conditions of civilization, Kant believes, it is impossible to distinguish a man of good conduct from a morally good man (RGV 6:30), for the dictates of self-love generally overlap with the prescriptions of duty. The persistence of war, poverty, oppression, and the infinity of vices which cast a dark shadow over the contemporary world speak of the prescience of the Kantian approach.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SEAWEED (Sargassum muticm) AND FRESHWATER WEED (Spirodela polyrrhiza)
Authors: Nova Navid Safa , Uddin Md. Aftab , Ahmed Tasnia
Published: October 2019

Development of new drugs is needed to resist the situation of diseases caused by drug resistant bacteria for public health safety. Natural resource is a big source to find candidates having antibacterial activity and aquatic weed is such a natural resource possessing such activity. The current study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of sea weed (Sargassum muticum) and fresh water weed/duckweed (Spirodela polyrrhiza) against six bacterial isolates Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas luteola and Bacillus subtilis. The potency of methanol and ethanol extracts of these weeds was compared to determine the best candidate of weeds in inhibiting bacteria. Both agar well diffusion method and micro dilution was done to observe the antibacterial activity. Ethanol extract of Sargassum muticum worked best against Pseudomans aeruginosa (30mm zone of inhibition) and no activity against Bacillus subtilis. Methanol extract of the same Sargassum muticum showed less activity compared to ethanol extract except for Bacillus subtilis where it showed 21mm zone of inhibition. Ethanol and methanol extracts of Spirodela polyrrhiza showed less antibacterial activity against the bacteria compared to Sargassum muticum. They showed no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus. On average, the extracts impart a significant antibacterial activity against these six bacteria which are resistant to several antibiotics. Even one of them (Escherichia coli) is resistant to 4th generation cephalosporin but still fairly susceptible for extracts. The antibacterial properties of these marine and freshwater weeds can be subjected to develop new therapeutics to inhibit the resistant bacteria.
Preservation of the Cerrado produces fruits: fruit of the cerrado project in the microregion of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais
Authors: Rodrigues D. B. , Costa L. T. , Lopes T. S. , Souza A. G. , Garcia E. M. , Melo C. P. O. F. , Taroco H. A. , Melo J. O. F.
Published: October 2019

The Cerrado is one of the six Brazilian biomes and offers a wide variety of edible fruit species. This article is the result of an outreach program entitled Cagaita and Pequi, Economic and Social Importance of the Population of Sete Lagoas, created in 2014. It aimed to take information and build knowledge in the community about the possibility that the fruits of the Cerrado present, especially pequi and cagaita. He sought to contribute to raising awareness of the preservation of the environment and the inclusion of low-income local people, who can use the fruits as alternative food and generate income, thereby protecting and ensuring the survival of future generations and countless families that use the fruits. Still, he tried to contribute to the training and education of the students of the courses of Food Engineering and Bachelor's Degree in Interdisciplinary Biosystems UFSJ. As interventions were used methodology of work in Sete Lagoas and the region, with the support of leaflets, flyers and posters.
Analytical Chemistry For High School
Authors: Santos N. M. , Ferraz J. M. , Reis G. D. , Souza A. G. , Melo C. P. O. F. , Garcia E. M. , Taroco H. A. , Melo J. O. F.
Published: October 2019

The Chemistry is the slope of the science that investigates the composition, the properties and transformations of the atoms that form the matter, by definition. In this way the current methodology used in the basic education cycle, mainly in secondary education, which seeks to be broad in a short period of time, limits the action of teachers to the theoretical content, making it impossible to carry out practices. These classes make it possible to integrate the subjects taught in the classroom with the reality of the students and, in this context, Analytical Chemistry is one of the branches of Chemistry that best integrates the theoretical contents into practical applications. In this project, analytical contents used: "Degree Technique" for the deepening of Chemistry in two groups of third year of secondary education of the State School Eponina Soares dos Santos, located in the municipality of Sete Lagoas-MG. In the meetings, visual resources used in the form of seminars associated with the adaptation of the theoretical contents with the premise of allowing the students to perform analysis. A primer was prepared with the contents presented and with the scripts of low-cost analytical practices. As a parameter, two evaluations of the students made at the beginning and end of the project and it observed that there was an improvement in performance in the area of general knowledge of chemistry in terms of concepts and everyday applications.
Sexually transmitted infections among the elderly from São Miguel do Oeste - SC
Authors: Cetolin S. F. , Schoeninger M. D. , Berber G. C. M. , Beltrame V.
Published: October 2019

This article presents part of study’s results that aims to identify the incidence rates and factors associated with STDs in the elderly population of São Miguel do Oeste – SC. A quantitative, analytical, descriptive and cross - sectional cohort study was performed. The information was obtained in a campaign of rapid tests for men and women over 60 years. The population in the age group from 60 to 90 years, resident in the municipality in 2018 is 4,391 people (2,432 women and 1,959 men). Four rapid tests were performed: Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Syphilis and HIV; 1,027 people aged over 60 years were tested. A total of 29 positive STD-related results were reported, corresponding to 2.82% of the group. The results show that there is an exposure of the elderly population to STDs in the city and, therefore, is important to emphasize the relevance of health’s professionals to develop actions focusing at the changes that happen in the aging process, highlighting the prevention of STDs as a important health factor.
Geographical view on agricultural land and structural changes plant production Montenegro
Authors: Rajović G. , Bulatović J.
Published: October 2019

This paper analyzes agricultural land and structural changes in plant production Montenegro. The Montenegro represents a significant potential for agricultural development, but plant production insufficiently developed in relation to natural resources and the demands of intensive agricultural production. Average possession by agricultural holdings in 1960 amounts is 5.34 ha with only 2.05 ha arable area per agricultural holdings. Yet more unfavorable is the situation with arable surfaces. Namely, agricultural holdings in the Montenegro in 1960 are on average dispose with maximum of 0.74 ha of arable land. Judging by the size of the cultivated area, production volume, as well as according other parameters, plant production in the Montenegro in 2007, mainly used for meeting need households. A smaller area for is market. The role of the Montenegrin village and agriculture must be first-rate, as are its potentials, the main power future development of Montenegro. This requires radically new relationship between society and science to agriculture and the countryside. Instead of the existing approach in which they observed the preventive as producers of cheap food has to be developed a new concept, a comprehensive agricultural and rural development, which will be based on demographic, natural, economic and socio-cultural potential of Montenegro.
Effect of rbST on weight gain and fat cover of heifers in semiconfinement
Authors: Fonseca B. R. , Berber R. C. A. , Moreira P. S. A.
Published: October 2019

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on average total weight gain, average daily gain, muscularity and finishing. 24 Nellore heifers were used, up to two years of age and weighing 307.4 kg. The animals were semi-confined in Brachiaria ruziziensis and were supplemented per day, with 1.5% kg live weight per animal feed. Heifers were divided into 2 groups, T1: with the use of rbST and T2: unused rbST (control). The rbST was applied every 14 days at a dose of 500 mg per animal. For the statistical analysis, the results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) for average initial body weight, average final body weight, total average gain and average daily gain, and ribeye area (REA) adipose tissue thickness. Therefore the use of rbST did not promote change in performance characteristics in Nellore heifers 2 years old.
تقنين اختبار الذكاء المصور على أطفال ليبيين من مدينة مصراتة
Authors: المدني خالد محمد , الدلنسي رويدا اسماعيل
Published: October 2019

يهدف اختبار الذكاء المصور في نسخته الليبية إلى تقدير القدرة العقلية العامة لدى الأطفال من (8) إلى (14) سنة، وأظهر استعماله فائدة كبيرة في حالات التشخيص الأولى لاضطراب التأخر الذهني، ويتميز بأنه اختبار غير لفظي، يمكن تطبيقه بشكل جماعي، ولفائدة هذا الاختبار والحاجة إليه، يهدف البحث الحالي إلى تقنين الصورة الليبية لاختبار الذكاء المصور على أطفال ليبيين من مدينة مصراتة، بلغت (702) تلميذ وتلميذة، من مرحلة التعليم الأساسي، في مدينة مصراتة، من خلال اختبار الخصائص السيكومترية للاختبار على عينة التقنين، واشتقاق معايير محلية تصلح للاستخدام في المجتمع المحلي، وقد وفر البحث الحالي مؤشرات جيدة لصدق المقياس وثباته من خلال اختبار الصدق البنائي للمقياس، حيث استطاع الاختبار إبراز الفروق بين الأطفال ذوي الدرجات العليا من الذكاء، والأطفال ذوي الدرجات المنخفضة، وأظهر التحليل الاحصائي أن ما نسبته )76%) من التباين بين درجات المجموعتين يمكن أن يعزى إلى الفروق بينهما في القدرات العقلية (r = .87)، بينما بلغ معامل ثبات الاختبار للعينة الكلية باستخدام معامل الفا كرونباخ (.82)، كما وفر البحث الحالي معايير مئينية، ودرجات معيارية، ونسب ذكاء انحرافية، متوسطها يساوي (100)، وانحرافها المعياري يساوي (15)، وفقا لمتغيري الجنس والعمر تصلح للاستخدام في مدينة مصراتة.
الكتابة الصوتية
Authors: بشر فرحة
Published: October 2019

يتناول هذا البحث موضوع الكتابة الصوتية الذي حظي بالاهتمام والدراسة من قِبَل العديد من الباحثين منذ فترة، ويتناول عددًا من المواضيع ذات العلاقة المتمثلة في ماهية لغة الفكر، وكيفية التعبير عنها، وما مدى اختلاف اللغات؟ وعلاقة ذلك بلغة الفكر، ثم ماهية نظرية الفونيم، واختلاف الآراء العلمية حوله قديمًا وحديثًا، وماهية الكتابة الصوتية، وما المقصود بالكتابة الصوتية الدولية والخاصة؟ ويُختم بالإجابة عن سؤال مهم، ألا وهو: هل يمكن وضع رموز للأصوات العربية واعتمادها رموزاً خاصةً؟
أثر بعض العوامل الاجتماعية في جنوح الأحداث: دراسة ميدانية على عينة من مؤسسة لإصلاح والتأهيل- طبرق
Authors: حسين هند عبدالقادر
Published: October 2019

يتناول البحث أثر بعض العوامل الاجتماعية في جنوح الأحداث التي من الممكن أن تؤدي إلى جنوح الأحداث، اعتمدت الباحثة في جمع بياناتها على استمارة المقابلة، وتوصلت إلى مجموعة من النتائج أهمها: أن أغلب الأحداث الجانحين لديهم أصدقاء سيئون، كما أن أعلى مستوى تعليمي للأحداث الجانحين هو المرحلة الأعدادية بنسبة 42.3 %، وأقـــــل مستوى تعليمي أمي بنسبة 8 .3 %، ثم مرحلـــة الثانويـــة بنسبة 5 .38 %، وأظهرت النتائج أن أغلب الأحداث المنحرفين شاهدوا العنف داخل البيت في التلفاز، كذلك أشارت النتائج إلى أن أكثر نوعي عنف قد تعرض له الأحداث المنحرفين هما العنف اللفظي المتمثل في الشتم بنسبة 29.2%، والعنف الجسدي المتمثل في الضرب بنسبة 8.3%، والركل بنسبة 29.2%، واللكمات بنسبة 25 %، بينما تمثل العنف النفسي في التهديد والحرمان من شيء بنسبة 2 .4 %، وأيضًا بينت النتائج أن أكثر المبحوثين يقضون أوقات فراغهم في الشارع بنسبة 46.2 %، وأن الباقين يقضون أوقات فراغهم مابين البيت والمقهى، وأوضحت النتائج أيضًا أن أكثر نوع سلوك انحرافي ارتكبه الأحداث المشاجرة والسرقة بنسبة 5 .28 %.
التصحر أسبابه وطرق الحد منه
Authors: سوالم الصادق مصطفى
Published: October 2019

التصحر ظاهرة جغرافية متحركة يعمل على تدهور النظام البيئي، ويكسب البيئة خصائص الصحراء، وترتبط مشكلة التصحر ارتباطًا وثيقًا ببعض المشكلات البيئية المعاصرة، مثل: مشكلة الإنفجار السكاني، ومشكلة تضخم المدن، ومشكلة استعمال الأراضي الهامشية في الزراعة بما يحقق مضاعفة الإنتاج لتلبية حاجات السكان الاستهلاكية المتزايدة تسوء استغلال الموارد واستنزاف وإهمال أساليب المحافظة عليها، وتتعرض الأرض إلى تدهور في إنتاجها مع مرور الزمن ويصبح بعضها غير قادر على الإنتاج، ولكن هذه الظاهرة نمت في الفترة الاخيرة حتى أصبحت مشكلة عالمية بدأت تقلق المسؤولين والمنظمات الدولية، وعلى رأسها الأمم المتحدة، حيث أظهرت نتائج البحث أن التصحر راجع الى مجموعة عوامل طبيعية كالظروف المناخية ومجموعة عوامل بشرية، وللتصحر آثار؛ إذ يؤثر على التنوع البيئي وعلى الاستقرار الاقتصادي والاجتماعي، وقد بدأت الدول والمنظمات بوضع مجموعة من الخطط والبرامج للتصدي ولمكافحة هذه الظاهرة، وتبلغ الأراضي الجافة التي تتأثر بالتصحر ما مساحته ثلث مساحة الكرة الارضية، حيث تشير المعلومات إلى أن ما يقرب من 785 مليون نسمة ، 18% من سكان الأرض يعيشون في تلك المناطق، وأنهم سيعانون من الآثار السلبية للتصحر، كما تشير البيانات والمعلومات المتوفرة إلى فقدان ما يقرب من 70.000 هكتار من الأراضي الزراعية سنويا، وذلك بسبب التصحر.
Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent
Authors: Aljabali Alaa A A , Zoubi Mazhar S Al , Al-Batanyeh Khalid M , Al-Radaideh Ali , Obeid Mohammad A , Al Sharabi Abeer , Alshaer Walhan , AbuFares Bayan , Al-Zanati Tasnim , Tambuwala Murtaza M , Akbar Naveed , Evans David J
Published: October 2019

Chemical modification of the surface of viruses, both the interior and the exterior, imparts new functionalities, that have potential applications in nanomedicine. In this study, we developed novel virus-based nanomaterials as a contrast agent for computed tomography (CT) imaging in vitro. The gold-coated cowpea mosaic virus (Au-CPMV) particles were generated by the electrostatic adsorption of positively charged electrolyte on the virus capsid with the subsequent incubation and reduction of anionic gold complexes. Au-CPMV particles as a CT contrast agent offer a fast scan time (less than 2 min), low cost, and biocompatibility and allow for high-resolution imaging with ca. 150 Hounsfield units (HU). The Au-CPMV surface was further modified allowing for the incorporation of targeting molecules of specific cell types.
Comparison of the Effect of Polypyrimidine on Catalytic Performance of Polypyrimidine/CNT as Fuel Cell Catalyst Carrier
Authors: Dongmulati Naziermu , Shi Caijin , Maimaitiyiming Xieraili
Published: October 2019

A new type π-conjugated poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-diethynyl-phenylene-alt-2-methyl-4,6-pyrimidine) was prepared by Sonogashira polycondensation. A fuel cell catalyst is prepared by depositing platinum particles on carbon nanotubes which was modified with poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-diethynyl-phenylene-alt-2-methyl-4,6-pyrimidine) and the previously reported poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-diethynyl-phenylene-alt-2-amino-4,6-pyrimidine). After comparing the two catalysts, it is found that active sites and catalytic performance of catalysts are significantly influenced by the copolymer on the carbon nanotubes which was the catalysis carrier. The electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of catalysts containing poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-diethynyl-phenylene-alt-2-methyl-4,6-pyrimidine) was calculated to be 25.5 m2 g-1, which is higher than the ECSA of the poly(2,5-didodecyloxy-1,4-diethynyl-phenylene-alt-2-amino-4,6-pyrimidine) containing catalyst (18.2 m2 g-1). And the first polymer provides better methanol oxidizability and durability than second polymer for catalyst.
The overabundance of the perfect and the restriction of evidentiality in Standard Azerbaijani: A diachronic study of -(y)Ib and -mIş
Authors: Zaslansky Matthew
Published: October 2019

This article investigates the historical development and reorganization of variation in the individual cells of the Standard Azerbaijani perfect paradigms, a phenomenon known as overabundance (Thornton 2011, 2012). Unlike many previous examples of overabundance in the literature, the variation of the present perfect in Standard Azerbaijani applies to all the relevant verb lexemes in the language and shows no indication of developing verb classes. Rather, the present study argues that, (i) while there is an ongoing reorganization of this variation, it is along lines of specialization for paradigmatic oppositions in person marking, and (ii) this reorganization is attributable to analogical extension on the basis of structural asymmetries in the person-marking of the evidential paradigm. Differentiation by Person (Dmitriyev 1927, Əfəndiyeva 2005) is an inherent structural property of the Azerbaijani verb paradigm, manifested by analogical change. The synchronic asymmetries in the perfect paradigms are best explained as the result frequency-sensitive changes, i.e., lower frequency categories (but not lexemes) correlate with the persistence of variation.
New Candidate Planetary Nebulae in Galactic Globular Clusters from the VVV Survey*
Authors: Minniti Dante , Dias Bruno , Gómez Matías , Palma Tali , Pullen Joyce B.
Published: October 2019

Only four globular cluster planetary nebulae (GCPN) are known so far in the Milky Way. About 50 new globular clusters have been recently discovered toward the Galactic bulge. We present a search for planetary nebulae within 3′ of the new globular clusters, revealing the identification of new candidate GCPN. These possible associations are PN SB 2 with the GC Minni 06, PN G354.9-02.8 with the GC Minni 11, PN G356.8-03.6 with the GC Minni 28, and PN Pe 2-11 with the GC Minni 31. We discard PN H 2-14 located well within the projected tidal radius of the new globular cluster FSR1758 because they have different measured radial velocities. These are interesting objects that need follow-up observations (especially radial velocities) in order to confirm membership and to measure their physical properties in detail. If confirmed, this would double the total number of Galactic GCPN.
A Case Report Surgical Treatment for Parathyroid Adenoma: A Case Report
Authors: Prihantono Prihantono , Palinggi Emmy , Haryasena Haryasena , Hamdani William , Binekada I Made Christian
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND: Parathyroid adenoma is a rare disease. This article aimed to present the classic symptoms, diagnosis, and management of parathyroid adenoma.
CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 24-year-old Asian woman with a several-month-long history of prolonged fatigue, bone, and joint pain. The patient was admitted to our hospital with multiple fractures without significant trauma. Physical examination revealed no palpable masses in the neck. The bone survey showed multiple fractures and osteoporosis of the humerus, clavicle, femur, and lumbar vertebrae. The laboratory workup showed a significantly elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) level of 1,276 pg/ml (reference range: 10-55 pg/ml) and hypercalcemia, at 11.3 mg/dl (reference range: 8.5-10.5 mg/dl). MRI revealed enlargement of the left inferior parathyroid gland. The patient was diagnosed with a parathyroid gland tumour. Surgical resection was performed, and histopathology revealed parathyroid adenoma. The clinical manifestations and PTH and calcium levels gradually decreased to normal after the surgery. At the two-year follow-up, there was no recurrence of the disease. The patient has resumed her daily life as a farmer.
CONCLUSIONS: Parathyroid adenoma has an excellent prognosis with surgical treatment.
Avaliação ergonômica do trabalho em altura em fachadas de estruturas verticais
Authors: Prado Stradioto Juliano , Gonçalves Amaral Fernando
Published: October 2019

Resumo Na Construção Civil existe um grande número de situações envolvendo risco de vida e consequentemente problemas ergonômicos aos trabalhadores envolvidos, gerando uma variabilidade em todo processo de execução. Dentre todos os riscos conhecidos e estudados no ramo da Construção Predial, os serviços de execução de fachada encontra-se no topo da lista em termos de acidentes de trabalho e desconforto ergonômico a saúde do trabalhador. A NR-18 quando especifica os itens a serem cumpridos pelo PCMAT de cada obra, não enfatiza o planejamento a segurança do trabalho e muito os riscos a saúde que os trabalhadores serão expostos. O desafio em termos ergonômicos para esse tipo de serviço é a área de trabalho estar totalmente organizada, com o uso das ferramentas adequadas, respeitando rigorosamente a norma, identificação dos operadores, a postura correta no levantamento do material e execução do serviço, sobretudo a realização do check list nos equipamentos de trabalho em altura e conferência dos EPIs. A fim de verificar os principais riscos dessa atividade aos trabalhadores envolvidos, foi realizada uma análise através do método de Diagnóstico preliminar Participativo de Risco (Deparis), resultando na confirmação do caráter prejudicial da atividade, pois possui condições que precisam de correção imediata.
Governança corporativa como elemento de competitividade global: análise da percepção dos gestores de empresas exportadoras de Caxias do Sul
Authors: Haas Camila Ploia , Bergmann Borges Vieira Guilherme Borges
Published: October 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a percepção dos gestores de empresas exportadoras de Caxias do Sul sobre a governança corporativa como fator de competitividade global. O método utilizado foi qualitativo de caráter exploratório. Os dados foram coletados através de um roteiro semiestruturado de questões e analisados destacando os principais benefícios e dificuldades de implementação das práticas de governança corporativa nas empresas estudadas, bem como o grau de consenso e divergência dos gestores sobre as práticas de governança como fator de competitividade global. Os resultados indicam que os gestores percebem a importância da adoção das práticas de governança corporativa para a perpetuação das organizações em mercado de capitais, embora na relação com os clientes esse aspecto não seja considerado importante. Conforme a literatura da área, a pesquisa também revelou a importância de aspectos comportamentais associados à governança, tais como mudança de mentalidade, quebra de paradigmas e choque cultural.
Precificação de derivativos cambiais com árvore de Markov
Authors: Da Silva Allan Jonathan , Alvarez Fabini H. Bargas
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho expressa a fórmula de Black-Scholes para opções em moedas através de medidas de probabilidades martingale. Após estudar os retornos do câmbio BRL/USD e concluir que estes não são i.i.d.’s e, portanto violam as premissas do modelo mostrado, foi adaptado um modelo computacional discreto, construído a partir de uma árvore de Markov, para precificar este derivativo. É mostrado que a distribuição da Árvore de Markov é aproximada por uma distribuição mista de duas normais, passando o modelo para o contínuo. Comparando os modelos, são identificadas disparidades nos preços de Opções com strikes distantes do preço do ativo subjacente. Os modelos com árvore de Markov para Opções cambiais obtiveram melhores estimativas para este tipo de situação, conhecido como “smile”, como ocorre com o modelo para Opções em ações, onde exatamente falha a equação de Black-Scholes.
Transporte marítimo: o corredor verde para o Brasil
Authors: Moura Delmo Alves , Botter Rui Carlos
Published: October 2019

O transporte marítimo, para um país com dimensão continental como Brasil, é uma solução logística sustentável e que possibilita a utilização mais eficiente e eficaz dos demais modais de transporte, melhorando a intermodalidade em todo o processo logístico, entre origem e destino. Este trabalho possui como foco o estudo de um corredor verde, Green Corridor, para o Brasil tendo como eixo central o uso do transporte por cabotagem, interligando as regiões Sudeste ao Norte do País. Este estudo tem como parâmetro o projeto Super Green Corridor estudado e implantado na Europa. O cerne do projeto Super Green Corridor europeu está no uso do transporte sustentável e integrado com os demais modais, visando a redução ou eliminação das emissões de gases poluentes, do uso otimizado dos modais de transporte, das operações portuárias sustentáveis logisticamente e do uso da inovação nas operações.
Técnicas de clusterização para agrupamento de eventos de incêndios
Authors: Machado Camila Da Silveira
Published: October 2019

Incêndios em ambientes domésticos respondem por um quarto das ocorrências anuais totais de incidentes com fogo nos EUA, sendo responsáveis por 81% das mortes e 77% das lesões em civis ao ano. O estudo dessas estatísticas tem possibilitado o desenvolvimento de diretrizes para prevenção, proteção e combate ao fogo. Para tanto, percebe-se crescente emprego de ferramentas multivariadas para o reconhecimento de tendências das ocorrências de incêndios domiciliares, em particular a análise de cluster. Este artigo propõe o uso de técnicas multivariadas para a formação de grupos homogêneos de ocorrências de incêndios residenciais. A metodologia proposta combina procedimentos hierárquico e não hierárquico de clusterização, bem como a Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) com vistas a aprimorar a qualidade da clusterização avaliada através do Silhouette Index (SI). A sistemática proposta foi aplicada ao conjunto de observações de incêndios residenciais reportados nos estados americanos da Flórida e do Texas, no período de 2010 a 2014. O SI médio obtido com as observações de incêndio na Flórida foi de 0,8481 e de 0,9141 no Texas. Os agrupamentos gerados pelos dados dos dois estados apresentaram semelhanças, sendo majoritariamente justificados pela presença e efetividade de operação de detectores automáticos de fogo.
Utilização do mapeamento do fluxo de valor para a identificação de desperdícios em processos de produção de portas de vagões gôndola
Authors: Mantovani Keilane Nieiro , Nascimento Schleiden Pinheiro
Published: October 2019

Para tornarem processos mais eficazes, produtivos e garantirem a satisfação do cliente, empresas tem adotado estratégias que permitem otimização dos seus recursos tornando-as mais sólidas e competitivas em meio a diversas crises econômicas. Portanto, na busca desses objetivos e para sua própria sobrevivência, tem - se implantado nas culturas organizacionais o Lean Manufacturing. Essa filosofia tem se tornado um grande diferencial nas empresas, uma vez que consiste em reduzir e eliminar desperdícios através das atividades que agregam ou não valor ao sistema. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e descrever os desperdícios no processo de produção de portas de vagões gôndola, em uma Oficina de Manutenção de Vagões, a partir da ferramenta de manufatura enxuta:  Mapeamento do Fluxo de Valor (MFV). O procedimento metodológico consistiu de uma descrição do processo de produção de portas de vagões gondola, a partir de entrevistas com colaboradores e observação de uma oficina. Após mapeamento do fluxo de valor para o processo, foram identificados os desperdícios gerados, sendo proposto um novo fluxo de valor com melhorias para aumento de produtividade. Os resultados apontaram uma melhoria significativa no processo produtivo, com redução do Lead Time em 70% e tempo de processamento em 25%. Diante desses resultados, o Lean Manufacturing vai ao encontro das novas exigências do mercado, que buscam otimizar os recursos existentes, de forma a atender o cliente no menor prazo, com alta qualidade e custos baixos. O trabalho conclui que a implantação da metodologia propicia ganhos reais de desempenho e financeiros para as empresas.
The UAVs threat to airport security: risk analysis and mitigation
Authors: Pyrgies John
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This research studies the UAV incidents in the vicinity of worldwide airports in order to deliver a quantitative and qualitative analysis of this phaenomenon, to analyse the risks associated to this threat and propose mitigation measures that brings this risk to an ‘acceptable’ level.Methodology: A population of 139 ‘serious UAV incidents in the vicinity of worldwide airports’ has been constituted on the basis of the FAA and NASA databases and articles published on the Web by online media. This phaenomenon has then been analysed quantitatively using descriptive statistics techniques and qualitatively by analysing in-depth some representative incidents. A risk analysis has then been performed based on the FAA Safety Risk Management 5-steps process to identify the hazards i.e. the root causes of those UAV incidents, determine their outcome i.e. negative consequences that jeopardize airports objectives and assign them a severity level and likelihood i.e. frequency level. Analysed risks have then been assessed based on FAA ARP Risk Matrix. Mitigation measures (prevention, deterrence, denial, detection, neutralisation) have been identified following a ‘Defence-in-Depth’ approach.Findings: The findings of the study are that those UAV incidents are more numerous than anticipated and happen higher and further from the airports than expected: they happen not only in CTRs but also in TMAs. This has an impact on the mitigation measures that shall not only be deployed at airports side but also be on-boarded in manned aircrafts.Originality: To our knowledge, no study has combined different sources to constitute such a population focused on ‘serious’ UAVs incidents around airports worldwide, has applied the official FAA Safety Risk Management process to assess this risk and followed a structured ‘Defence-in-Depth’ approach typically used in Cybersecurity to mitigate this risk.Keywords: Airport security and safety, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) threat, Risk analysis and mitigation, Counter-UAVs technologies.
Recent trends on airline and airport management research: selected papers from the 22nd ATRS World Conference, Seoul, 2018
Authors: Sallan Jose M , Martini Gianmaria
Published: October 2019

This editorial presents the papers selected from the ATRS 2018 conference to be published in the Journal of Airline and Airport Management.
Transmuscular Migration and Straddling of the Cornea by an Encircling Buckle
Authors: Lopez Mauricio A. , Mateo Carlos , Corcóstegui Iñigo , Corcóstegui Borja
Published: October 2019

Postoperative complications of scleral buckling surgery are various. The anterior migration through the rectus muscles and positioning in the corneoscleral junction is an atypical and undocumented complication. The authors describe a patient with a migration and straddling of the encircling buckle in the corneoscleral junction 2 years after a classic retinal surgery with an encircling solid silicone buckle. Many predisposing factors can lead to this situation. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:402-403.] AUTHORS From the Instituto Microcirugia Ocular (MAL, CM, IC, BC) and the Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (BC), Barcelona, Spain; and the Universidad de Chile and Hospital del Salvador (MAL), Santiago, Chile. Accepted for publication June 26, 2007. Address correspondence to Mauricio A. Lopez, MD, Munner strett 10, 08022, Barcelona, Spain.
Early Postoperative Endophthalmitis After Pars Plana Ahmed Valve Placement With Persistent Extraocular Infection
Authors: Park Susanna S. , Rabowsky Jeffrey
Published: October 2019

This article presents a case of early postoperative endophthalmitis that occurred after vitrectomy and Ahmed Glaucoma Valve (New World Medical, Inc., Rancho Cucamonga, CA) placement and was treated with intravitreal antibiotics. Intravenous vancomycin was started after aqueous culture grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The endophthalmitis improved, but new purulent discharge around the peritomy was noted 10 days after presentation, requiring removal of the valve. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:404-405.] AUTHORS From the Retina Service (SSP), Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis Medical Center; and the Department of Ophthalmology (SSP, JR), The Permanente Medical Group, Inc., Sacramento, California. Accepted for publication October 10, 2006. Presented as a poster at the 22nd Annual Meeting of the American Society of Retinal Specialists, San Diego, August 18, 2004. Address correspondence to Susanna S. Park, MD, PhD, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Davis Medical Center, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2400, Sacramento, CA 95817.
Retinal Redetachment Involving a Macular Hole Resulting From Hypotony After Trabeculectomy in a Highly Myopic Eye
Authors: Higashide Tomomi , Nishimura Akira , Torisaki Makoto , Sugiyama Kazuhisa
Published: October 2019

A 57-year-old woman with high myopia underwent trabeculectomy 21 months after a successful vitrectomy with peeling of the internal limiting membrane to treat a bullous retinal detachment associated with a macular hole. A shallow retinal detachment involving the macular hole developed on the sixth postoperative day after a 3-day period of hypotony. This case was unique because recurrence of the retinal detachment involving a macular hole in a highly myopic eye occurred in association with hypotony after glaucoma filtering surgery, with the retinal detachment resolving spontaneously following normalization of intraocular pressure even though the macular hole remained open. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2007;38:406-409.] AUTHORS From the Department of Ophthalmology (TH, AN, KS), Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan; and the Department of Ophthalmology (MT), Toyama City Hospital, Toyama, Japan. Accepted for publication March 31, 2007. Address correspondence to Tomomi Higashide, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 9208641 Japan.
Selective Removal of Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma of the Lower Eyelid With Orbital Infiltration
Authors: Detorakis Efstathios T. , Ioannakis Konstantinos , Giatromanolaki Alexandra , Sivridis Efthimios , Drakonaki Eleni , Kozobolis Vassilios P.
Published: October 2019

A 74-year-old woman presented with a nodule on the
right lower eyelid. An incisional biopsy was significant
for sebaceous gland carcinoma, whereas magnetic resonance
imaging revealed infiltration of the ipsilateral
orbit, including the medial and lower rectus muscles.
The lesion was selectively excised, including the infiltrated
part of the lower lid and the intraorbital part of
the tumor. Two years postoperatively, no recurrence or
metastasis have been noted. Preoperative orbital imaging
is mandatory in cases of sebaceous gland carcinoma
because it can reveal clinically silent orbital invasion.
In such cases, selective surgical excision may be used,
avoiding orbital exenteration. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers
Imaging 2007;38:413-416.]
AUTHORS
From the Departments of Ophthalmology (ETD, KI, ED, VPK) and
Pathology (AG, ES), Democritus University of Thrace; and the Eye Institute of
Thrace (ETD, KI, ED, VPK), Alexandroupolis, Thrace, Greece.
Accepted for publication June 7, 2007.
Address correspondence to Efstathios T. Detorakis, MD, PhD, Department
of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 68 100 Dragana,
Alexandroupolis, Thrace, Greece.