bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourism and Foreign Language Training for Local Merchants and Guides in Penglipuran Tourism Village of Bangli Regency
Authors: Sugiarti Dian Pramita , Utami Ni Made Verayanti , Apriliani Kadek
Published: August 2018

Community service in form of practical tourism and foreign language training for local merchants and guides in Penglipuran tourist village, Bangli regency was aimed at improving the knowledge of Japanese tourism and vocabulary and English in accordance with the appropriate grammar. The targets in this training were local merchants and guides in Penglipuran village who had less knowledge about tourism and the proper usage of foreign language. Not only the training of tourism and practical foreign languages, local merchants and guides were also given knowledge about the characteristics of domestic and international tourists, as well as ways of serving the tourists in accordance with the agreed standards. The special target of this dedication was to find a social formula to solve the problems that occurred in the tourist village of Penglipuran. The fostering system implemented so far was less effective so that it led to a decline in knowledge about tourism and foreign languages for local merchants and guides who were the tourism actors expected to provide correct information to the tourists. If this was left unchecked, the number of tourist arrivals and local merchants and guides who had international standard capability would continue to decrease annually. The method of devotion used was the workshop and FGD so that the results of teaching could be understood by Penglipuran village management to continue to conduct trainings that educate local merchants and guides.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPS DENGAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME BERDASARKAN LINGKUNGAN SEKITAR DI SD HONGGOSOCO 4 KUDUS
Authors: Munir Muhammad Misbahul
Published: August 2018

Pembelajaran yang baik adalah pembelajaran yang mampu membawa siswa berhubungan langsung dengan lingkungannya. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan perangkat pembelajaran IPS SD berbasis lingkungan sekitar dengan pendekatan konstruktivisme yang valid, efektif dan praktis. Pengembangan Perangkat pembelajaran dilakukan dengan model Thiagarajan dengan fase-fase: 1) define, 2) desain, 3) develop. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDN Honggosoco 04. Penelitian ini menghasilkan perangkat yang efektif, valid, dan praktis: 1) Silabus (rata-rata 3,5), 2) RPP (rata-rata 3,62), 3) Bahan Ajar (rata-rata 3,8), 4) LKPD (rata-rata 3,92), 5) Tes (rata-rata 4.0). Skor keefektifan dari uji N-Gain 0,44 (kategori sedang), ketuntasan klasikal diatas 80% dan keaktifan siswa 86% (kategori tinggi). Responden guru 91% dan siswa 92% dengan kategori sangat baik. Saran 1). Pendekatan konstruktivisme dapat dijadikan alternatif dalam mengajarkan IPS 2). Bahan ajar hendaknya berorientasi terhadap keadaan nyata di sekitar siswa, 3). Pilihlah gambar bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungan sekitar, 4) Pilihlah bahasa yang mudah dipahami.Kata kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, pendekatan konstruktivismeAbstractA good learning is learning which able to bring students in direct contact with the environment. The aim of this research is to get learning media of social science for elementary school (SD) based on around environment with valid constructivism approach,effective and practical. The development of learning media is conducted with Thiagarajan with phases: 1) defining, 2) designing, 3) developing. This research conducted in SDN Honggosoco 04. The study produced learning media that effective, valid and practical: 1) Syllabus (average 3.5), 2) RPP (average 3.62), 3) Subjects (average -rata 3.8), 4) LKPD (average 3.92), 5) Tests (average 4.0). The effectiveness score of N-Gain test 0.44 (medium category), classical completeness above 80% and student activeness 86% (high category). Teacher respondents 91% and students 92% with very good category. Recommendation 1). Constructivism approach can be an alternative in teaching social science 2). Teaching materials should be oriented to the real condition around student, 3). Choose picture of teaching materials which appropriate to the around environment, 4) Choose the language that easy to understand.Keywords: development, learning media, constructivism approach
PENERAPAN STRATEGI JURNAL KATA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENEMUKAN GAGASAN UTAMA DI KELAS V SD
Authors: Rinjani Ersila Devy
Published: August 2018

Salah satu tujuan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia adalah agar peserta didik memiliki kemampuan berkomunikasi secara efektif dan efisien sesuai dengan eti-ka yang berlaku, baik secara lisan maupun tulis. Namun, faktanya pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di kelas V SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 01 kurang menggunakan strategi pembelajaran yang kreatif, sehingga dengan keterampilan guru yang kurang berdampak pada keaktivan dan hasil belajar bahasa Indonesia peserta didik yang rendah. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk melihat penerapan strategi jurnal kata dalam meningkatkan keterampilan guru, aktivitas, dan hasil belajar peserta didik. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus, masing-masing siklus satu kali pertemuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes, observasi, wawancara, angket, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan keterampilan guru, aktivitas peserta didik, dan hasil belajar pada kualitas pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia khususnya keterampilan menemukan gagasan utama dengan strategi jurnal kata di setiap siklusnya.Kata kunci: keterampilan menemukan gagasan utama, jurnal kataAbstractOne of the goals of learning Indonesian is that learners have the ability to communicate effectively and efficiently in accordance with the applicable ethic, both orally and writing. However, the fact that Indonesian language learning in class V of SDN Kalibanteng Kidul 01 is less in using creative learning strategies,so with the less teacher skill causes the activity and the result of Indonesia language study by students are low. This study is to understand about applying word journal strategy for increasing teacher skill, students activity, and study result of students. This study was conducted at tree cycles, each cycle once meeting. Data collection techniques are use tests, observations, interviews, questionnaires, documentation, and field notes. The data analysis techniques used are descriptive quantitative and descriptive qualitative. These results indicate an increase in the teacher's skill, student activities, and learning outcomes in the quality of the Indonesian language learning in particular on the skills of finding the main ideas using Word Journal strategy each cycles.Keywords: skills of finding the main idea, Word Journal
Intralesional epidermal growth factor treatment on diabetic foot ulcers: one centre experience
Authors: Çifci Aydın , Oktaş Birhan , Arıkan Durmaz Şenay , Güngüneş Aşkın , Karahan İrfan , Sarak Taner
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
The intralesional injection of
recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF-IL) is a new approach for
reducing amputations. In this study we aimed to show efficacy of EGF-IL with
cases.Material and Method: EGF-IL 75 μg application to 8 diabetic foot ulcers
(6 males, 2 females; mean age: 60.3±9.3 years) was evaluated. Patients had
history of prior standard treatments.Results:  In all
eight patients’ completely healing was observed diabetic foot ulcers after the
intralesional EGF treatment.

Conclusion: In our experience our patients’
wounds wish priorly have healing problems, improved with intralesional EGF.
This treatment is expensive and caused of some allergic reactions. Relation
with malignancies are not known for long-term.
Demir fizyopatolojisi ve demir eksikliği anemisine yaklaşım: yeni tedavi stratejileri
Authors: ÇİFCİ Aydın , ÖZKAN Melike
Published: August 2018

Anemi
her yaşta görülebilen kanın oksijen taşıma kapasitesini etkileyen
multifaktöriyel bir bozukluktur. Anemi bir hastalık olmayıp, dünyada en sık
rastlanan laboratuvar parametre bozukluğudur. Tüm yaş gruplarında yaş ile
birlikte artmakla birlikte %10’lara varan anemi vardır. Türkiye’de üreme  dönemindeki kadınların 2/3’ünde demir
eksikliği, 1/3’ünde ise anemi vardır. Demir eksikliği anemisinin tüm dünyada en
sık nedeni menstrüasyonla kaybedilen demirin yeterince alınamamasıdır. Demir
kaybı menstrüasyon dışında başka pek çok nedene de bağlı gelişebilmektedir. Özellikle
malignite tanıda atlanmaması gereken bir durumdur. Bu derlemede bu kadar sık görülen
aneminin, özellikle de demir eksikliği anemisinin nedenlerine bakış ve
tedavisinde yeni yaklaşım önerilerinde bulunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Bir üniversite hastanesi iç hastalıkları kliniğinde yatan hastaların özellikleri ve yatış sebeplerine genel bakış
Authors: KARAHAN İrfan , ÇİFCİ Aydın
Published: August 2018

Giriş: Sağlık hizmetlerinin önemli
amaçlarından biri iç hastalıkları ile ilgili problemleri çözmektir. Bu çalışma
hastane yatışının önemli bir kısmını yürüten iç hastalıkları (genel dahiliye)
kliniklerindeki yatan hastaların özellikleri ve yatış nedenlerini incelemek
amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
Hastanesi, İç Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Genel Dahiliye Kliniği’nde Haziran
2017–Haziran 2018 arasında yatan 303 hasta incelendi. Hasta verileri için
hastane bilgi işlem sistemindeki elektronik dosyalar tarandı.Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması
68±13,8 olarak hesaplandı.115’i kadın 188’i erkekti.  En çok yatış nedeni diyabetik hastalarda kan
şekeri regülasyonu ve komplikasyonların tedavisi olarak belirlendi. İkinci
sıra, elektrolit bozuklukları; üçüncü sıra, anemi etiyolojisinin araştırılması
ve semptomatik tedavileri olarak belirlendi.  

Sonuç: Genel dahiliye birimleri
özellikle geriatrik popülasyon hastaların akut sorunları, kronik
hastalıklarının yönetimi ve tanı almamış durumların ileri incelenmesi gibi
geniş yelpazede durumlarla uğraşmaktadır. Bu durumların bütüncül, mültisistemik
ve analitik düşünce tarzıyla çözülmesi gerekmektedir.
Oruç ibadeti ve diyabet: olgu örnekleriyle bakış
Authors: LEHİMCİOĞLU Merve , KARAHAN İrfan , GÜNGÜNEŞ Aşkın , ÇİFCİ Aydın
Published: August 2018

İslamiyet dışında Hıristiyanlık,
Yahudilik gibi semavi dinlerde ve Hinduizm, Budizm gibi daha pek dinde oruç
ibadeti vardır ve Hıristiyanlarda da İslamiyet’te olduğu gibi yılın belli
dönemlerinde farz ibadet olarak geçmektedir. Tüm dünyada Ramazan ayında 1,5
milyar kişinin oruç tuttuğu tahmin edilmektedir. Ülkelere ve oruç tutulan
mevsimlere göre oruçlu olunan 9-21 saat arasında değişebilmektedir. Bazı
hastalar hekime danışıp hekim kontrolünde oruç tutmakta veya bazı hastalara da
hekim tarafından oruç tutmaması gerektiği söylenmektedir. Ama en önemlisi bazı
hastalar hiç hekime danışmadan oruç tutmakta ve ciddi sağlık problemleriyle
karşılaşmakta hatta hayattalarını kaybedebilmektedir. Oruçla ilgili yapılan
çalışmalar arttıkça pek çok hasta grubunun hekim kontrolünde ve düzenli
takiplerine gelerek güvenle oruç tutabildiği pek çok çalışmada gösterilmiştir.
Biz de kendi isteği ile her halükarda ben oruç tutacağını beyan eden ve bu
taleple polikliniğe başvuran pek çok hastamızdan üçünün takip sonuçlarını paylaşmak
istedik.
Berberine Alleviates Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Axonopathy-Associated with Diabetic Encephalopathy via Restoring PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Pathway
Authors: Wang Shanshan , He Benhong , Hang Weijian , Wu NingHua , Xia Liangtao , Wang Xu , Zhang Qianying , Zhou Xinwen , Feng Zuohua , Chen Qingjie , Chen Juan
Published: August 2018

Background:

Axonopathy is closely linked to the development of diabetic encephalopathy induced by type II diabetes (T2D). Berberine has been shown to cross the blood-brain barrier and holds promising effect for neuronal damage in diabetes.

Objective:

The present study investigated the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of berberine on neuronal axonopathy in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Methods:

High glucose/high fat diet and streptozotocin injection-induced T2D rat model was used. Berberine was administered p.o. to T2D rat model for 10 weeks. Morris water maze test, in vivo neuronal tracing, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the protective effects of berberine in T2D-induced diabetic encephalopathy rats. Primary cultured neurons were used to further explore the underlying mechanisms in vitro.

Results:

Berberine dramatically reduced blood glucose and serum insulin levels and alleviated insulin resistance. Berberine significantly attenuated memory impairment, axonopathy, and tau hyperphosphorylation, and also restored PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway in T2D rats. In vitro, berberine induced an increase in the phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt as well as GSK3β in high glucose-treated primary neurons. Furthermore, berberine-induced PI3K/Akt activation also resulted in the dephosphorylation of tau protein, which could improve axonal transport impairment in high glucose-treated primary neurons. Pretreated neurons with LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K, partially blocked berberine-inhibited tau phosphorylation and berberine-activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

Berberine exerts the protective effect against cognitive deficits by improving tau hyperphosphorylation and the axonal damage through restoring PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.
Intracranial Transplantation of Pancreatic Islets Attenuates Cognitive and Peripheral Metabolic Dysfunctions in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Bloch Konstantin , Gil-Ad Irit , Vanichkin Alexey , Hornfeld Shay Henry , Taler Michal , Dar Shira , Azarov Dmitry , Vardi Pnina , Weizman Abraham
Published: August 2018

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often associated with brain insulin resistance and peripheral metabolic dysfunctions. Recently, we developed a model of sporadic AD associated with obesity-related peripheral metabolic abnormalities in Lewis rats using intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (icv-STZ).

Objective:

We aimed to assess the effect of intracranially grafted pancreatic islets on cognitive and peripheral metabolic dysfunctions in the icv-STZ Lewis rats.

Methods:

AD-like dementia associated with obesity was induced in inbred Lewis rats using a single icv-STZ. Two months after icv-STZ, syngeneic islets (100 islets per recipient) were implanted in the cranial subarachnoid cavity of icv-STZ rats. Morris water maze and marble burying tests were used for studying cognitive and behavioral functions. Central and peripheral metabolic alterations were assessed by histological and biochemical assays.

Results:

The icv-STZ induced increases in food intake, body weight, and blood levels of insulin and leptin without alteration of glucose homeostasis. Grafted islets reduced body weight gain, food consumption, peripheral insulin resistance, and hyperleptinemia. Biochemical and histological analysis of the brain revealed viable grafted islets expressing insulin and glucagon. The grafted islets did not affect expression of brain insulin receptors and peripheral glucose homeostasis. Two months after islet transplantation, cognitive and behavioral functioning in transplanted rats were significantly better than the sham-operated icv-STZ rats. No significant differences in the locomotor activity between transplanted and non-transplanted icv-STZ rats were found.

Conclusions:

Intracranial islet transplantation attenuates cognitive decline and peripheral metabolic dysfunctions providing a novel therapeutic approach for sporadic AD associated with peripheral metabolic dysfunctions.
Metabolomics Analyses of Saliva Detect Novel Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Huan Tao , Tran Tran , Zheng Jiamin , Sapkota Shraddha , MacDonald Stuart W. , Camicioli Richard , Dixon Roger A. , Li Liang
Published: August 2018

Using a non-invasive biofluid (saliva), we apply a powerful metabolomics workflow for unbiased biomarker discovery in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We profile and differentiate Cognitively Normal (CN), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and AD groups. The workflow involves differential chemical isotope labeling liquid chromatography mass spectrometry using dansylation derivatization for in-depth profiling of the amine/phenol submetabolome. The total sample ( N = 109) was divided in to the Discovery Phase (DP) ( n = 82; 35 CN, 25 MCI, 22 AD) and a provisional Validation Phase (VP) ( n = 27; 10 CN, 10 MCI, 7 AD). In DP we detected 6,230 metabolites. Pairwise analyses confirmed biomarkers for AD versus CN (63), AD versus MCI (47), and MCI versus CN (2). We then determined the top discriminating biomarkers and diagnostic panels. A 3-metabolite panel distinguished AD from CN and MCI (DP and VP: Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 1.000). The MCI and CN groups were best discriminated with a 2-metabolite panel (DP: AUC = 0.779; VP: AUC = 0.889). In addition, using positively confirmed metabolites, we were able to distinguish AD from CN and MCI with good diagnostic performance (AUC > 0.8). Saliva is a promising biofluid for both unbiased and targeted AD biomarker discovery and mechanism detection. Given its wide availability and convenient accessibility, saliva is a biofluid that can promote diversification of global AD biomarker research.
E-learning on the road: online learning and social media for continuing professional competency.
Authors: Batt Alan M , Cummins Niamh M
Published: August 2018

Background

The impact of social media and online learning in health professions education has previously shown generally positive results in medical, nursing and pharmacy students. To date there has not been any extensive research into social media and online learning use by prehospital health care professionals such as paramedics.

Aim & Methods

We sought to identify the extent to which Irish pre-hospital practitioners make use of online learning and social media for continuous professional competency (CPC), and the means by which they do so. A cross-sectional online survey of practitioners was conducted to obtain both quantitative and qualitative data. The release of the survey was in a controlled manner to PHECC registrants via various channels. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.

Results

A total of 248 respondents completed the survey in full by closing date of 31 March 2015, representing 5.4% of all registrants (n=4,555). 77% of respondents were male, and the majority were registered as Emergency Medical Technicians (49%), followed by Advanced Paramedics (26%). Over 78% of respondents used a mobile device in the course of their clinical duties; the majority used an iOS device. Social media and online learning were considered learning tools by over 75% of respondents, and over 74% agreed they should be further incorporated into prehospital education. The most popular platforms for CPC activities were YouTube and Facebook. The majority of respondents (88%) viewed self-directed activities to constitute continuous professional development activity, but 64% felt that an activity that resulted in the awarding of a certificate was better value. Over 90% of respondents had previous experience with online learning, but only 42% indicated they had previously purchased or paid for online learning.

Conclusion

Prehospital practitioners in Ireland in the population studied consider online learning and social media acceptable for CPC purposes. The main social media outlets used by PHECC registrants are YouTube and Facebook. Practitioners consider online learning that awards a certificate to be better value than self-directed activities. The majority have previous experience of online learning. The results of this study can be used to ensure educational interventions are targeted at practitioners through the correct channels.

 
Treat the patient, not the machine...always true? A case report of silent myocardial infarction.
Authors: Gaumont Damien
Published: August 2018

After an unusual prehospital ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI)  presentation, with a completely asymptomatic patient, a literature review was performed investigating the incidence and pathophysiology of true asymptomatic myocardial infarction.
University of Limerick BSc (Hons.) Paramedic Studies Research Proposal Abstracts
Authors: Dixon Mark
Published: August 2018

The enclosed scientific abstracts represent final year research proposals of the 2017 graduates who have completed the BSc Hons in Paramedic Studies programme.

Preface:
Education for ambulance personnel has traditionally followed a vocational model, and despite a much
wider range of clinical and decision-making skills being introduced in training, typical academic attributes have not formed part of the traditional pre-hospital curriculum.

As with any fledgling profession, core skills such as research, critical appraisal of the literature, journal finding and publication of work still comes as alien to many within the Paramedic arena. In 2015 the Paramedic Studies department of the Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, launched the inaugural Paramedic Studies honours degree in Ireland. As part of the final year project students are required to identify a research area and prepare a full research proposal, it must of course be founded on sound scientific principles, be well versed and address a true pre-hospital research question.

This document showcases the abstracts of such proposal for Ireland’s second cohort of graduates - the 2017 class. Readers should note these are proposals only. Bodies wishing to support the full development of such proposals are invited to make contact with the Paramedic Studies department whereby appropriate contacts can be made.

Paramedic Studies, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Ireland. paramedicstudies@ul.ie
Building research capacity among Irish prehospital practitioners.
Authors: Batt Alan M , Knox Shane
Published: August 2018

The National Prehospital Research Strategy was published in 2008, which aimed to gauge current levels of prehospital research activity in Ireland; ascertain the research strengths that exist in the Irish prehospital community; pinpoint the obstacles to high quality research in the prehospital arena; determine the building blocks for a national prehospital research culture; outline an implementation plan for the strategy; and, identify expected and measurable short and long-term outcomes of implementing the strategy.

The characteristics of systems that facilitate research productivity include: the promotion of a research culture; mentoring by established scholars; communication with a professional network; rewards for research; and brokered opportunities.

Almost ten years later, the development of research capacity within the practitioner cohort has not progressed as much as hoped. A culture of research provides a supportive context in which research is uniformly expected, discussed, produced, and valued. We propose that a culture of research does not yet exist among Irish prehospital practitioners. 
Bile Duct Injuries Following Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Khalil Mohammad Ibrahim , Saha Haridas , Chowdhury Azmal Kader , Hossain Imarat , Hossain AZM Mostaque
Published: August 2018

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard procedure for the gall stone diseases.Objective: This study aimed to assess the outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) by determining the frequency of complications especially of bile duct injuries.Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted in the Department of surgery at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The case files of all patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) from the year of 2013 to 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The data were collected according to outcome measures, such as bile duct injury, morbidity, mortality and numbers of patients whose resections had to be converted from laparoscopic to open surgery.Results: During the three years a total number of 336 patients were underwent LC for chronic cholecystitis (CC) of which 22(6.5%) developed complications. Among those who developed complications, two patients had major bile duct injuries (0.4%); other 43(12.8%) patients had planned laparoscopic operations converted to open cholecystectomy intra-operatively. None of the patients in this study died as a result of LC.Conclusion: The two patients who had severe common bile duct injury in this study had major anatomical anomalies that were only recognized during surgery.Journal of Science Foundation 2017;15(1):14-19
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Extradural Haematoma (EDH) Patients: Expeience of 63 Cases in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque MM Ehsanul , Sultana Shamima , Alam Md Saiful , Saha Kamalesh , Begum Wahida
Published: August 2018

Banckgroud: Extradural haematoma can occur due to head injury to different group of people.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the socio-demographihc characteristics of extradural haemorrahge (EDH) patients attended at a tertiary care hospital Dhaka city.Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2001 to July 2003 for a period of two (2) years. Patients with  the history of head  trauma admitted in Neurosurgery unit of  Dhaka Medical College and Hospital which were being diagnosed as EDH both clinically and radiologically were included as study population. Head injury patient with subdural haematoma, intracerebral haematoma, EDH associated with ASDH or  ICH were excluded form this study. The diagnosis of EDH was made by clinically and by non contrast CT-scan in all patients. The details of socio-demographihc chacteristics among the patients were recorded.Result: A total 63 patients were  included. In this study maximum patients were in the age group 21 to 30 years which was 26(41.3%) cases. The ratio between male and female was 14.75:1. Among 59 male patients, 15(25.4%) cases were pedestrian; 10(16.9%) cases were driver or helper; 14(23.7%) cases were passenger; 13(22.0%) cases were labourer and 7(11.8%) caseswere rickshaw puller. Among  female out of 4 patients, 2 (3.1%) were garment workers , 2(3.1%) were house wife. Majority were poor socio-ecnomic condition which was 41(65.1%) cases followed by middle and high which were 17(27.0%) and 5(7.9%) cases respectively.Conclusion:  In conclusion young male patients coming from poor socio-economic condtion are the most common acute extra dural haemorrahge patients.Journal of Science Foundation, July 2017;15(2):52-56
A Field Study on the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Endoparasites in Beef Suckler Cow Herds in Germany
Authors: Gillandt Kathia , Stracke Jenny , Hohnholz Tatiana , Waßmuth Ralf , Kemper Nicole
Published: August 2018

Endoparasites are one of the major health issues in beef suckler cows and can cause economic losses. As studies on the parasitological status of beef suckler cow herds are rare, the aim of this study was to evaluate the status quo of the parasite burden in herds at four representative locations in Germany. Additionally, the farmers’ pasture management and deworming strategies were documented. Based on these data, the second aim of the study was to develop recommendations for improved deworming and pasture hygiene management. A total of 708 faecal samples were examined with parasitological routine methods. Results revealed Fasciola hepatica, gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN), Eimeria species (spp.), Moniezia spp. and Dictyocaulus viviparus as the most frequent findings. Clinical signs of parasitic diseases were not found during the farm visits. Statistical analyses showed a significant effect of the age status of the animal on the parasitological status in general. Due to the percentage of occurrence, detailed statistical analysis was performed for Eimeria, GIN and Fasciola hepatica, confirming the effect of age status. Assessing the parasitological status of beef suckler cows as routine procedure could help to establish an improved parasite-control management on a farm-individual basis.
Evaluation of the Durability and the Property of an Asphalt Concrete with Nano Hydrophobic Silane Silica in Spring-Thawing Season
Authors: Guo Wei , Guo Xuedong , Sun Mingzhi , Dai Wenting
Published: August 2018

In the spring-thawing season, the high frequency of freeze-soak-scour cycles in the short term is the main cause of pavement damage in the frozen region. One of the methods to improve the durability of asphalt concrete in spring-thawing season is to add suitable modifiers and additives which improve adhesion between asphalt binder and aggregate. This study evaluates the effect of nano hydrophobic silane silica (NHSS) on the performance damage of asphalt concrete (AC) in spring-thawing season. The effectiveness of nano hydrophobic silane silica was evaluated by conducting mixture tests after different freeze-soak-scour cycles, and the damage model of NHSS modified asphalt concrete was established based on the logistic damage model. The results showed that adding NHSS is an effective technique for mitigating freeze-soak-scour cycle damage of asphalt concrete in spring-thawing season. Moreover, the influence of scour, soak, and freeze—three separate factors on NHSS-modified AC in spring-thawing season—was discussed based the gray rational degree theory. The results illustrated that the freeze factor had a more significant impact on the damage process of NHSS modified asphalt concrete compared with the soak and scour factor.
Mining for Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) in Sexual Minority Women Who Survive Intimate Partner Violence: A Conceptual Perspective
Authors: Counselman-Carpenter Elisabeth , Redcay Alex
Published: August 2018

This theoretical paper explores the need to use posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a framework when studying sexual minority women (SMW) who are survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) to examine the relationship between risk factors such as stress, anxiety and alcohol use and to understand the role of protective factors through mining for the presence of posttraumatic growth (PTG). Despite a call for continued research in this highly vulnerable population, representative studies of SMW and PTG remain extremely limited. Research that examines the relationship between IPV, behavioral health issues, and posttraumatic growth would provide the opportunity to develop tailored intervention models and opportunities for program development to decrease isolation and increase factors of posttraumatic growth. In particular, the impact of how interpersonal relationships as potential mediators and/or outcomes of posttraumatic growth (PTG) needs to be explored more thoroughly. PTG is a valuable framework for vulnerable populations such as sexual minority women because it focuses on how transformative change may result from traumatic experiences such as surviving IPV.
Two-Dimensional Mn-Co LDH/Graphene Composite towards High-Performance Water Splitting
Authors: Bao Jian , Xie Junfeng , Lei Fengcai , Wang Zhaolong , Liu Wenjun , Xu Li , Guan Meili , Zhao Yan , Li Huaming
Published: August 2018

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a complex multi-step four-electron process showing sluggish kinetics. Layered double hydroxides (LDH) were reported as promising catalysts for the OER, but their low electrical conductivity restricts their widespread applications. To overcome this problem, a composite material containing Mn-Co LDH ultrathin nanosheet and highly conductive graphene was synthesized for the first time. Benefited from the high electrocatalytic activity and the superior charge transfer ability induced by these components, the new material shows superior OER activity. Used as the OER catalyst, a high current density of 461 mA cm−2 at 2.0 V vs. RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode) was measured besides shows a low overpotential of 0.33 V at 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, the new composite also shows a superior bifunctional water splitting performance as catalyst for the OER and HER (hydrogen evolution reaction) catalysts. Our results indicate that the presented material is a promising candidate for water splitting which is cheap and efficient.
Two Complementary Synthetic Approaches to the Enantiomeric Forms of the Chiral Building Block (2,6,6-Trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol: Application to the Stereospecific Preparation of the Natural Flavor Linaloyl Oxide
Authors: Serra Stefano , De Simeis Davide
Published: August 2018

The enantiomeric forms of the alcohol (2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol are potential chiral building blocks for the stereoselective synthesis of different natural terpenes. Here, we describe their preparation by means of two different synthetic approaches. The first is based on the stereospecific (+)-10-camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-catalyzed cyclization of (R)- and (S)-2-methyl-5-(2-methyloxiran-2-yl)pentan-2-ol, which were in turn synthesized from (R)- and (S)-linalool, respectively. The latter monoterpenes are easily available from the chiral pool, with different optical purity. As our synthesis makes use of the intermediate 2,6-dimethyloct-7-ene-2,6-diol, whose enantiopurity can be improved through fractional crystallization, we obtained (2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol enantiomers in an almost enantiopure form. The second synthetic approach is based on the lipase-mediated resolution of the aforementioned tetrahydropyranyl alcohol, which was prepared in racemic form starting from the industrial intermediate, dehydrolinalool. In this work, we report a large-scale resolution procedure that exploits the opposite enantioselectivity of Novozym® 435 lipase and lipase AK in the acetylation reaction of (2,6,6-trimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl)methanol. The two enantiomeric forms of the latter alcohol were employed for the first stereoselective synthesis of both enantiomers of the flavor, linaloyl oxide (2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydro-2H-pyran).
Assessment of Structural and Functional Diversity of Mollusc Assemblages within Vermetid Bioconstructions
Authors: Donnarumma Luigia , Sandulli Roberto , Appolloni Luca , Sánchez-Lizaso José Luis , Russo Giovanni Fulvio
Published: August 2018

Dendropoma lebeche is a prosobranch gastropod belonging to the family Vermetidae, which calcifies its shell on hard substrates in dense aggregates, forming biogenic constructions along the western Mediterranean intertidal habitat. It is an important ecosystem engineer and, due to its ecological value, is protected by international convention. The aim of this study is to investigate the mollusc composition and diversity occurring within Spanish vermetid bioconstructions. During the late summer 2013, three distant sites along the Mediterranean coast of Spain were sampled by scraping off the vermetid shells to study their associated assemblages. A total of 600 molluscs were identified within the classes of Polyplacophora (four species), Gastropoda (35 spp.) and Bivalvia (18 spp.). Multivariate analyses revealed significant differences in composition and trophic diversity of mollusc assemblages among the three sites, highlighting a clear geographical gradient. Overall, both herbivores (grazers and deposit feeders) and omnivores were the quantitatively dominant trophic groups, while carnivores (predators and ectoparasites) were very scarce. Our results point out that mollusc assemblages associated with vermetid bioconstructions are rich and diversified, both in populations structure and trophic diversity, confirming the important role of vermetid gastropods as ecosystem engineers and biodiversity enhancers in shallow coastal waters.
Model Error, Information Barriers, State Estimation and Prediction in Complex Multiscale Systems
Authors: Majda Andrew J. , Chen Nan
Published: August 2018

Complex multiscale systems are ubiquitous in many areas. This research expository article discusses the development and applications of a recent information-theoretic framework as well as novel reduced-order nonlinear modeling strategies for understanding and predicting complex multiscale systems. The topics include the basic mathematical properties and qualitative features of complex multiscale systems, statistical prediction and uncertainty quantification, state estimation or data assimilation, and coping with the inevitable model errors in approximating such complex systems. Here, the information-theoretic framework is applied to rigorously quantify the model fidelity, model sensitivity and information barriers arising from different approximation strategies. It also succeeds in assessing the skill of filtering and predicting complex dynamical systems and overcomes the shortcomings in traditional path-wise measurements such as the failure in measuring extreme events. In addition, information theory is incorporated into a systematic data-driven nonlinear stochastic modeling framework that allows effective predictions of nonlinear intermittent time series. Finally, new efficient reduced-order nonlinear modeling strategies combined with information theory for model calibration provide skillful predictions of intermittent extreme events in spatially-extended complex dynamical systems. The contents here include the general mathematical theories, effective numerical procedures, instructive qualitative models, and concrete models from climate, atmosphere and ocean science.
Analysis of the Effects of Blade Installation Angle and Blade Number on Radial-Inflow Turbine Stator Flow Performance
Authors: Li Peng , Han Zhonghe , Jia Xiaoqiang , Mei Zhongkai , Han Xu
Published: August 2018

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is a reliable technology to recover low-grade heat sources. The radial-inflow turbine is a critical component, which has a significant influence on the overall efficiency of ORC system. This study investigates the effects of the blade installation angle and blade number on the flow performance of radial-inflow turbine stator. R245fa and toluene were selected as the working fluids in the low and high temperature range, respectively. Two-dimensional stator blades model for the two working fluids were established, and numerical simulation was conducted through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. The results show that for low temperature working fluid R245fa, when the installation angle is 32° and blade number is 22, the distribution of static pressure along the stator blade has no obvious pressure fluctuation, and the flow loss is least. Meanwhile, the stator blade obtained the optimal performance. For high temperature working fluid toluene, when the installation angle is 28° and blade number is 32, the average outlet temperature is the lowest, while the average outlet velocity is the largest. The flow state is well and smooth, and the remarkable flow separation and shock wave are not present. Moreover, the stator blade for R245fa has a larger chord length, cascade inlet diameter, and cascade outside diameter but a lower blade number compared to toluene.
Flow and Heat or Mass Transfer in the Chemical Process Industry
Authors: Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. , Nguyen Quoc
Published: August 2018

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Role for Growth Regulation by Estrogen in Breast Cancer 1 (GREB1) in Hormone-Dependent Cancers
Authors: Cheng Meng , Michalski Stephanie , Kommagani Ramakrishna
Published: August 2018

Sex hormones play important roles in the onset and progression of several cancers, such as breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer. Although drugs targeting sex hormone function are useful in treating cancer, tumors often develop resistance. Thus, we need to define the downstream effectors of sex hormones in order to develop new treatment strategies for these cancers. Recent studies unearthed one potential mediator of steroid hormone action in tumors: growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1). GREB1 is an early estrogen-responsive gene, and its expression is correlated with estrogen levels in breast cancer patients. Additionally, GREB1 responds to androgen in prostate cancer cells, and can stimulate the proliferation of breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer cells. Recent studies have shown that GREB1 also responds to progesterone in human endometrial cells, suggesting that GREB1 is a pan steroid-responsive gene. This mini-review examines evidence that GREB1 participates in several hormone-dependent cancers and could be targeted to treat these cancers.
Flavonones from Penthorum chinense Ameliorate Hepatic Steatosis by Activating the SIRT1/AMPK Pathway in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Guo Wei-Wei , Wang Xing , Chen Xiao-Qing , Ba Yin-Ying , Zhang Nan , Xu Rong-Rong , Zhao Wen-Wen , Wu Xia
Published: August 2018

Pinocembrin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (PCBG), pinocembrin (PCB), and 5-methoxy-pinocembrin-7-O-β-d-glucoside (MPG) are three flavonones isolated from Penthorum chinense Pursh (P. chinense). The effects of the three flavonones on hepatic steatosis and their molecular mechanisms in HepG2 cells were investigated in this study for the first time. A model of hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cells was induced by free fatty acid (FFA), and co-treated with the three flavonones as mentioned. Intracellular lipid droplets were detected by Oil Red O staining. PCB, PCBG, and MPG suppressed oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were ameliorated. Moreover, these flavonones enhanced the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the expression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and reduced the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP1c) and the downstream targets fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). Molecular docking was used to predict the interaction and combination patterns between the three flavonones and the enzymes above. The results revealed that the SIRT1/AMPK pathway is involved in the functions of the three flavonones, and the most effective flavonone against hepatic steatosis might be PCBG, followed by MPG and PCB. Therefore, the three flavonones from P. chinense were found to exert preventive effects against hepatic steatosis by regulating the SIRT1/AMPK pathway.
Composite Numbers That Give Valid RSA Key Pairs for Any Coprime p
Authors: Fagin Barry
Published: August 2018

RSA key pairs are normally generated from two large primes p and q. We consider what happens if they are generated from two integers s and r, where r is prime, but unbeknownst to the user, s is not. Under most circumstances, the correctness of encryption and decryption depends on the choice of the public and private exponents e and d. In some cases, specific ( s , r ) pairs can be found for which encryption and decryption will be correct for any ( e , d ) exponent pair. Certain s exist, however, for which encryption and decryption are correct for any odd prime r ∤ s . We give necessary and sufficient conditions for s with this property.
A Review of Current Methods in Microfluidic Device Fabrication and Future Commercialization Prospects
Authors: Gale Bruce K. , Jafek Alexander R. , Lambert Christopher J. , Goenner Brady L. , Moghimifam Hossein , Nze Ugochukwu C. , Kamarapu Suraj Kumar
Published: August 2018

Microfluidic devices currently play an important role in many biological, chemical, and engineering applications, and there are many ways to fabricate the necessary channel and feature dimensions. In this review, we provide an overview of microfabrication techniques that are relevant to both research and commercial use. A special emphasis on both the most practical and the recently developed methods for microfluidic device fabrication is applied, and it leads us to specifically address laminate, molding, 3D printing, and high resolution nanofabrication techniques. The methods are compared for their relative costs and benefits, with special attention paid to the commercialization prospects of the various technologies.
Semiconductor-Ionic Nanocomposite La0.1Sr0.9MnO3−δ-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ Functional Layer for High Performance Low Temperature SOFC
Authors: Wang Zhaoqing , Wang Xunying , Xu Zhaoyun , Deng Hui , Dong Wenjing , Wang Baoyuan , Feng Chu , Liu Xueqi , Wang Hao
Published: August 2018

A novel composite was synthesized by mixing La0.1Sr0.9MnO3−δ (LSM) with Ce0.8Sm0.2O2−δ (SDC) for the functional layer of low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC). Though LSM, a highly electronic conducting semiconductor, was used in the functional layer, the fuel cell device could reach OCVs higher than 1.0 V without short-circuit problem. A typical diode or rectification effect was observed when an external electric force was supplied on the device under fuel cell atmosphere, which indicated the existence of a junction that prevented the device from short-circuit problem. The optimum ratio of LSM:SDC = 1:2 was found for the LT-SOFC to reach the highest power density of 742 mW·cm−2 under 550 °C The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data highlighted that introducing LSM into SDC electrolyte layer not only decreased charge-transfer resistances from 0.66 Ω·cm2 for SDC to 0.47–0.49 Ω·cm2 for LSM-SDC composite, but also decreased the activation energy of ionic conduction from 0.55 to 0.20 eV.
Characterization and Analysis of In-Plane Shear Behavior of Glass Warp-Knitted Non-Crimp Fabrics Based on Picture Frame Method
Authors: Habboush Ali , Sanbhal Noor , Shao Huiqi , Jiang Jinhua , Chen Nanliang
Published: August 2018

Glass warp-knitted fabrics have been widely used as complex structural reinforcements in composites, such as wind turbine blades, boats, vehicles, etc. Understanding the mechanical behavior and formability of these textiles is very necessary for the simulation of forming processes before manufacturing. In this paper, the shear deformation mechanics of glass warp-knitted non-crimp fabrics (WKNCF) were experimentally investigated based on a picture frame testing apparatus equipped to a universal testing machine. Three commercially available fabrics of WKNCFs were tested for four cycles by the picture frame method. The aim was to characterize and compare the shear behavior of relatively high areal density fabrics during preform processing for composites. The energy normalization theory was used to obtain the normalized shear force from the testing machine data; then, the shear stress against the shear angle was fitted by cubic polynomial regression equations. The results achieved from the equations demonstrated that the in-plane shear rigidity modulus was associated with the shear angle. The effect of the shearing cycles and stitching pattern on shear resistance was also analyzed.
Analysis of Geometrical Characteristics and Properties of Laser Cladding 85 wt.% Ti + 15 wt.% TiBCN Powder on 7075 Aluminum Alloy Substrate
Authors: Li Yu-Xin , Zhang Peng-Fei , Bai Pei-Kang , Zhao Zhan-Yong , Liu Bin
Published: August 2018

Ti/TiBCN composite coatings were prepared on a 7075 aluminum alloy surface by laser cladding. The relation between the main processing parameters (i.e., laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate) and the geometrical characteristics (i.e., height, width, penetration depth, dilution and wetting angle) of single clad tracks is studied by linear regression analysis. The microstructure, micro-hardness and electrochemical corrosion were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, a Vickers micro-hardness machine, and a standard three-electrode cell, respectively. The results showed that all geometrical track characteristics are observed with high values of the correlation coefficient (R > 0.95). In addition, the average hardness value (750 HV0.2) was obtained of the Ti/TiBCN composite coating, and polarization curves indicated that the composite coatings were harder to corrode than the substrate.