bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of marine debris in Jakarta Bay and its implication to the coastal ecosystem
Authors: Sudirman Nasir , Suryono Devi Dwiyanti , Daulat August , Rustam Agustin , Salim Hadiwijaya L , Jayawiguna M Hikmat
Published: December 2021

Citarum River, which ended up in Muaragembong, Bekasi Regency-West Java Province, is known recently as one of the most polluted rivers globally, including pollution caused by plastic litter. This research was conducted in the surrounding river, estuary, and mangrove ecosystem in Muaragembong, which aimed to determine macro debris and analyze its impact on the coastal ecosystem. Marine debris sampling in the mangrove ecosystem was done by line transect, while the net using for marine debris sampling surrounding river and estuary. The result showed that debris composition in Muaragembong consisted of 80% inorganic and 20% organic, where plastic debris dominated with 50-81% and was distributed throughout the estuary and mangrove ecosystem. The highest density was found in the mangrove ecosystem in the Kali Mati Estuary (Pantai Sederhana Village) with 222.67 waste/m2, while the heaviest waste was found in the Bendera Estuary (Pantai Bahagia Village) 4,663.64 grams/m2. This condition explained the lack of marine debris management in the Muaragembong estuary, where most inorganic debris originated from household litter. This research also supports data and information for baseline Indonesia’s marine plastic debris due to comprehensive data needed to reduce 70% of marine plastic debris by 2025.
Growth rate of Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated in horizontal net and vertical net
Authors: Munawan  , Kasim M , Ruslaini
Published: December 2021

Eucheuma denticulatum is one of the most widely cultivated macroalga commodities. This commodity produces carrageenan iota as raw material for various industries. This study aims to compare the growth rate of E. denticulatum cultivated by the horizontal net (Horinet) and vertical net (Vertinet) methods. This research was conducted in September-December 2019 and located in Lakeba waters, Bau-Bau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results showed that the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed cultivated with Horinet and Vertinet was significantly different. The growth of the thallus at an initial weight of 20 g developed to 67 g and 112.5 g as viewed with a horinet and vertnet, respectively. The specific growth rates of these two methods were 5.01 and 6.59%/day using vertinet and horinet, respectively. Based on the results of the t-test showed that the use of the two methods were significantly different by 0.46 and 0.36 (P<0.05) on the specific growth rate of E. denticulatum seaweed. Both of these methods can be used to cultivate seaweed with good results. However, these two methods have differences in the growth results obtained.
On the investigation of vertical uncertainty of depth sounding in a shallow environment with muddy seabed: Preliminary results from a launch operation of a dual-frequency echosounder
Authors: Alodia G , Muhammad F , Poerbandono
Published: December 2021

Hydrographic echosounder has been the standard instrument that provides a measure of water depths. In a muddy environment, this detection is not as straightforward as it seems; low gradient of acoustic impedance presence within the water-sediment interface resulting in vertical separation of liquid-solid boundary detected by different frequencies of depth sounding system. In this study, we investigate the depths measured by a dual-frequency hydrographic echosounder in a muddy environment, coupled with a simultaneous probing of the water-seabed interface by means of a free-falling cone penetrometer. We intend to understand the extent of the uncertainty of a depth-sounding system to precisely locate the liquid-solid boundary within the water-seabed interface, specifically at Patimban coasts, situated in the north coast part of Java Island, where muddy sediments dominate the seabed. From our investigation, we found that standard high-frequency sounding (200 kHz) underestimates the physical depth by 0.26 ± 0.17 m, while standard low-frequency sounding (24 kHz) overestimates the physical depth by 0.23 ± 0.19 m and tends to give inconsistent measures. Our study suggests the importance of considering these measures of discrepancy when depth sounding is being carried out in a muddy environment.
Potential coral implementation area for Indonesia Coral Reef Garden in Nusa Dua, Bali
Authors: Badriana M R , Avrionesti  , Surya M Y , Abdurrahman U , Pratyaksa I F , Hidayatullah A I , Wicaksono M A A , Diastomo H , Suprijo T , Park H , Hutahean A A
Published: December 2021

The Indonesia Coral Reef Garden (ICRG) program is announced as a coral reef restoration program which can support the marine tourism sector since the Covid-19 pandemic hit Indonesia, particularly in Bali. A comprehensive survey and preliminary study are necessary to be conducted to decide a suitable point or to avoid a premature choice for the restoration location. Field survey in Nusa Dua, Bali was carried out on November-December 2020 to determine physical and chemical characteristics of seawater which appropriate for coral life. The bathymetry result at Nusa Dua, Bali varied from shallow to middle water depth. Area covered with coral, soft coral, coral and sand, sand, and seaweed on the seabed are found over study area. In the depth close to the seabed, the sea condition of temperature, salinity, pH, turbidity, and DO is 26.04 - 28.48 °C, 33.95 - 34.29 PSU, 7.933 - 7.982, 0.81 - 2.44 FTU, and 4.40 - 4.93 mg/L, respectively. Based on the conformity of water quality, the middle depth region has sufficient condition for coral growth. Simple Addition Weighting method is used for determining potential location. The potential coral implementation is located 3-5 km from Tanjung Benoa and in south of Nusa Dua around 1-3 km from coast.
The Effect of Changes in Land Cover on Total Sediment Yield in Peusangan Watershed, Aceh Province
Authors: Djunarsjah E , Julian M M , Alfandi N R , Baskoro A A
Published: December 2021

The watershed is an area above or higher than a river whose topographical boundaries cause water to flow into the same river. The river flow carries sediment particles that potentially cause silting of the estuary area. The sediment carried by the river flows from the erosion process that occurs in the watershed. Changes in land cover potentially affect the rate of sediment export to rivers due to changes in surface roughness and water infiltration rate to the ground. This study aims to identify the effect of the land cover change on the total sediment yield from the Peusangan Watershed, Aceh Province. The sediment yield is calculated from the erosion rate and the sediment delivery ratio. The erosion rate is modeled using the revised universal soil loss equation, while the sediment delivery ratio is calculated based on the function of the watershed area. From the results of the calculation, in general, the rate of erosion is at a very level where the average erosion rate in 1995 is 26,715 tons/ha/year, in 2005 it is 26,886 tons/ha/year, in 2015 it is 24,959 tons/ha/year and in 2018 amounted to 26,771 tons/ha/year. With a sediment delivery ratio value of 0.180, The total sediment yield was 1,083,148.20 tons in 1995, 1,090,047.94 tons in 2005, 1,011,920.71 tons in 2015, and 1,085,398.35 tons in 2018. The identification results show that the changes in land cover affect the total sediment yield that comes out of the watershed.
The Growth Rate of Seabass in Floating Net Cages, Inner Ambon Bay using 1D Ecosystem Model
Authors: Sabrina P L , Putri M R , Noerbaeti E
Published: December 2021

Inner Ambon Bay is used for fishery research by the government. One of the species that has been cultivated is seabass because it has high economic value. Seabass cultivation in floating net cages has been developed by Ambon Marine Aquaculture Institute (BPBL-Ambon). The characteristics of seawater in Inner Ambon Bay (IAB) based on the observation data in the project “Ocean Current System of Indonesia Waters and Its Effect on Marine Fisheries Production” in May 2017 show that the temperature is in the range 29.8 – 30.9 °C. Meanwhile the salinity is about 26.1–31.4 PSU and the chlorophyll concentrations as much as 0.88 – 3.61 mg/m3. The 1D ecosystem model simulation is performed to know how is the growth rate of seabass is with two-way interaction between nutrient, phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus (NPZD) towards zooplanktontivor (fishes which consume zooplankton). The verification of model result (fish mass) with the observation data of fish mass which conduct by BPBL Ambon show the RMSE value is 0.001 kg and the correlation is 0.99. The nutrient concentration since 2016 – 2018 in the range of 3.08 – 3.78 mmolC/m3. While the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and detritus concentration during 3 years each one is 4.67 – 5.84, 11.53 – 15.77, and 16.88 – 20.67 mmolC/m3. The fastest growth rate of Seabass with the first scenario is 1.52 grams/day with the duration of 257 days and when the juvenile of seabass spread in January. The fastest growth rate of Seabass with addition feed is 2,23 grams/day during 175 days.
The intensification of industrial salt production using the salt production house concept
Authors: Prabawa F Y , Bramawanto R
Published: December 2021

The current national salt demand in 2021 is 4.6 million tons, 84% of it: for manufacturing purposes. The volume of imported salt reaches 50.29 percent of the national saltavailability. This high import is caused by lack of the industrial salt. In the 2020-2024 RPJMN, the total national salt production target in 2021 is 3 million tons, not enough, due to the natural conditions of high rainfall. KKP and Kemenkomarves are targeting to increase production through intensification and extensification of salt pond land, which is planned to be carried out in Flores and Sumbawa. However, according to our rough calculation, to meet the amount of national salt need, if the choice is the extensification: this will need 20 thousand hectares of newponds. This is hard option to proceed, because there are obstacles: limited land, not all types of land can be used for salt farming, high costs, long land clearing time, and dependence on weather. Plus, the negative impact on the environment from the land conversion. What is the alternative solution?This study aims to figure the solution for improving the industrial salt production. Methods are the analytical descriptive study, collecting data with reference studies, then compiling data for the formulation of the model. Study results: the suitable option to do is the intensification of the salt production. More efforts are needed on the intensification, by increasing the quantity of salt production, parallel with improving its quality, and could continuously producing salt in a full year. To fulfill this, this study recommends a technological engineering approachment, by using a combination of the Japanese Method with the closed system called: the Salt Production House (SPH). The SPH is green and sustainable concept, because it consumes renewable energy, effective and require a small area. This method requires no new land clearing since it could be constructed on the existing salt ponds.
Characteristics of Potential Tsunami Evacuee and Evacuation Infrastucture in Pangandaran Beach, Indonesia
Authors: Koswara D V , Windupranata W , Meilano I , Hayatiningsih I , Hanifa N R
Published: December 2021

Pangandaran Regency is a strategic area that supports various economic and social activities. However, the existence of this strategic area is threatened by the potential of tsunami disaster, especially from the megathrust along the South Coast of Java Island. One of the efforts to enhance tsunami preparedness is to conduct evacuation plan and drill. Based on previous tsunami occurrence, it is known that success of evacuation during disaster is still limited by lack of community knowledge, preparedness, and limited infrastructure such as informative evacuation route maps, evacuation signs and proper evacuation sites. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify people's behavior in carrying out evacuations and actual condition of the current evacuation infrastructure which is later be used to obtain comprehensive information as the basis for evacuation plans preparation. This study aims to disseminate questionnaires to 174 respondents in Pangandaran Tourism Area and map tsunami evacuation infrastructure. This study shows a high awareness of tsunami hazards, in which 82% of respondents choose to evacuate after experiencing an earthquake or getting an early tsunami warning. In addition to the result, some respondents still do not know the route or evacuation site. Uninformed shelter destination and route choice result in potential congestion on the main roads, which slows evacuation by compromising survival rates. Three Pangandaran official TES can accommodate approximately 11,900 people, while the capacity of alternative TES if utilized 100% can accommodate 21,291 people. This indicates that the official TES and the new Alternative TEST can accommodate the villagers and some of tourists if the number of tourists reaches the maximum. Therefore, the existing building can be utilized as Temporary Evacuation Sites. Furthermore, there is a call to evacuation signs maintenance, in which some signs are currently in inappropriate condition such as damaged or show misleading information.
Influence of variability to coastline dynamic in the small uninhabited reef islands of Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Utami D A , Anwar I P , Sujatmiko K A
Published: December 2021

Small reef islands provide habitable land for coastal communities in many parts of the world. However, the small, low lying reef islands are commonly considered among the most geomorphically sensitive landforms to changes in sea level, wave processes, sediment supply and anthropogenic impacts. Kepulauan Seribu in the Java Sea comprise of numerous reef islands. By 2019, the islands chain is host to more than 24 thousand people. Kepulauan Seribu is affected by monsoon wind cycle. The monsoon wind also known to interact with an interannual phenomenon such as Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) which affecting regional and local wind circulation. This study aims to examine the reef shoreline response to seasonal and interannual climate variability using satellite data that encompasses yearly monsoon cycle and IOD event. Strengthens (weakens) of winds speed in the study area during the East (West) Monsoon, which in some year also coincides with a positive (negative) IOD event, are observed from 2009 to 2018 ERA - Interim by The European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. This variability influences the shoreline shifting in the uninhabited reef islands of Kepulauan Seribu as identified based on satellite imagery analysis. More pronounce shifted of large sediment flux are perceptible on opposing monsoon which coincides with positive/negative IOD event. Small uninhabited reef islands have ecological and economical value. Hence, enhancing coastal resilience from erosion by using conservation-types approach should be taking into consideration. Ultimately, a good understanding of climate variability that controlled changes in beach systems of reef islands is important for adequate coastal management decisions.
The Shoreline Deformation in Convex Beach due to Sea Level Rise
Authors: Vilda Ariviana , Jung Lyul Lee
Published: December 2021

Sea level rise (SLR) is become more serious on a global scale and has become one of the main reasons causes shoreline changes, and erosion, even on an extreme scale can cause the sinking of coastal areas and islands. It was recorded that many big cities were damaged by SLR. The Bruun rule is the most widely used method for predicting the horizontal translation of the shoreline associated with a given rise in sea level. In this study, however, the change in the average shoreline at the convex beach, which is more vulnerable to erosion due to sea level rise, is investigated. The increase in water depth by sea level rise causes a change in the wave crestline, ultimately leading to a linearization of the shoreline. In general, it is assumed that the annual average shoreline is parallel to the annual mean wave crestline. Moreover, assuming that the equilibrium depth contour is formed according to the crestline, the retreat of the shoreline is predicted. The shoreline change is indirectly predicted through the wave crestline deformation obtained from a wave model and this method is applied to the convex beach. Our result showed that for a convex beach with a length of 1 km has open ends with free littoral drift at both ends, the sea level rise of 1 m cause the erosion of 10 m in the protruding area, and the sea level rise of 2 m causes erosion of 23 m. However, if the convex beach is blocked at both ends, sea level rise of 1 m causes the erosion of 6.3 m in the convex area, but the shoreline advance of 3.8 m at both ends, and if the sea level rise of 2 m occurs, the erosion of 14.3 m can occur in the convex area and shoreline advance of 8.6 m can occur at both ends.
Controlled experiment of underwater vision-based mapping: A preliminary evaluation
Authors: Muhammad F , Poerbandono  , Sternberg H
Published: December 2021

Underwater vision-based mapping (VbM) constructs three-dimensional (3D) map and robot position simultaneously out of a quasi-continuous structure from motion (SfM) method. It is the so-called simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), which might be beneficial for mapping of shallow seabed features as it is free from unnecessary parasitic returns which is found in sonar survey. This paper presents a discussion resulted from a small-scale testing of 3D underwater positioning task. We analyse the setting and performance of a standard web-camera, used for such a task, while fully submerged underwater. SLAM estimates the robot (i.e. camera) position from the constructed 3D map by reprojecting the detected features (points) to the camera scene. A marker-based camera calibration is used to eliminate refractions effect due to light propagation in water column. To analyse the positioning accuracy, a fiducial marker-based system –with millimetres accuracy of reprojection error– is used as a trajectory’s true value (ground truth). Controlled experiment with a standard web-camera running with 30 fps (frame per-second) shows that such a system is capable to robustly performing underwater navigation task. Sub-metre accuracy is achieved utilizing at least 1 pose (1 Hz) every second.
Modeling The Hydrodynamic Characteristics of Tidal And Monsoonal Currents In Pondok Dayung Port of Tanjung Priok Harbor, Jakarta
Authors: Maryan Yayan S , Pranowo Widodo S , Adrianto Dian , Kurniawan Agung , Sukoco Nawanto B. , Astika I Made J.
Published: December 2021

The Pondok Dayung port forms a significant segment of the Tanjung Priok harbor in the Jakarta coastal bay. Studies on the hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal and monsoonal currents appear very important to ship movement and laid/dock operations in port basins/jetties. These flow conditions have been simulated using a two-dimensional shallow water equation, while the tidal and monsoonal wind were coupled to model the ocean current. In general, the simulation results of the ocean current characteristics were dominated by tidal effects, as well as the interactions with the coastlines, jetties, and breakwaters. Also, the geometric replica has been validated satisfactorily, using time series sea elevation from the tidal station in the research area managed by the National Geospatial Agency (BIG). Strong RMSE and linear correlation values ranging from 0.0405-0.0458 m and 0.9648-0.9843 were obtained, respectively. During the flood tides, the ocean current is directed towards the basin area, while an outward flow is observed under ebb conditions. Furthermore, the maximum tidal current speed of ±0.26 m/s was recorded at the port waterways. A similar outcome was also reported during the west and east monsoon, in addition to a minimum ocean current speed of approximately 0.00 m/s. These conditions implied that the Pondok Dayung port and its breakwater system served as protective structures to the surrounding vessels and the harsh ocean current impacts.
Studying Dynamic Ocean Topography in Indonesia Sea Based on Satellite Altimetry
Authors: Sarsito Dina A , Syahrullah Muhammad , Wijaya Dudy D , Pradipta Dhota , Andreas Heri
Published: December 2021

Dynamic Ocean Topography is a part of sea surface variabilities derived from Sea Surface Topography as a time-dependent component. The Dynamic Ocean Topography height in this study was determined using the geodetic method of instantaneous sea level height measurement from satellite altimetry technology. In the territory of Indonesia seas, a picture of the long-wavelength phenomenon from the Dynamic Ocean Topography ranges from 0-2.5 meters with three distribution zones of low, medium, and high value. At the same time, the correlation with the positive value of Steric Sea Level Rise was obtained in almost all parts of Indonesia except for the area in the southern part of Java Island around Longitude 1070E and in the Pacific Ocean region, where that is thought to be caused by the existence of several permanent marine high-frequency physical phenomenon but with an indefinite period which usually acts as a dominant time-independent component of the Sea Surface Topography. The results are expected to be used to study the characteristics of the Indonesian seas for scientific and engineering purposes.
The Impact of Groundwater Variability on Mangrove Greenness in Karimunjawa National Park based on Remote Sensing Study
Authors: Prihantono J , Adi N S , Nakamura T , Nadaoka K
Published: December 2021

This study aims to understand the impact of groundwater table on soil moisture and mangrove greenness in different seasons in Karimunjawa National Park (KNP). We used Sentinel-2 L2A satellite imagery, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite rainfall data, and water table observations at KNP. This study estimates Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) on time series Sentinel-2 imagery in 2019-2020 using Google Earth Engine. In addition, we compared the monthly average rainfall data, the monthly average water table data, and the monthly average NDVI, NDWI data extracted at the water table observation points. NDVI is a method to estimate mangrove greenness, and NDWI to estimate soil moisture. The obtained results indicate that NDVI and NDWI in the near shoreline area show a higher value than in the middle area of the KNP that is far from the shoreline. In addition, the value of the NDVI and NDWI correlation coefficients is 0.94, which indicates a positive and strong correlation. Moreover, The NDWI and water table correlation coefficients are 0.79, which indicates a relatively strong positive correlation. Furthermore, the correlation between rainfall and the water table is 0.61, which indicates a relatively strong positive correlation. Thus, these findings show that the water table influences soil moisture and then affects the mangrove greenness. Besides that, the water table change is governed by rainfall, and therefore, the mangrove greenness in KNP depends on seasons and is vulnerable to drought.
Utilization of Airborne Topo-Bathymetric LiDAR Technology for Coastline Determination in Western Part of Java Island
Authors: Soeksmantono B , Utama Y. Prita , Syaifudin F
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country consisting of 17,504 islands which have 99,093 km of coastline. From the total, approximately only 10% had mapped. The coastline is essential for several applications such as topographic height reference, a reference in the delimitation of the marine management area, coastal boundaries, etc. Law number 4 of 2011 (UUIG), in article 13 paragraph 2 concerning Geospatial Information, mentioned three types of coastlines, namely: (a) the lowest astronomical tide, (b) the highest astronomical tide, and (c) the mean sea level. The existing method for determining the coastlines is observing a tide gauge over a long period at several places, then densify the point height by levelling method. This method is less effective due to time, cost, and amount of sample points. This paper presents our experience on coastlines determination by extracting it from a digital terrain model (DTM). The Airborne Topo-Bathymetric LiDAR technology is utilized to provide DTM that covers land and seabed. The points cloud, which is the output of this technology, was transformed to the geoid and corrected by tidal datum before those three types of coastlines were determined and delineated. The Western Part of Java Island is a study area. The project covers 1,000 km of coastline. The DTM quality was validated using several independent check-points along the coastline and hundreds of shorelines transect points at two locations. The result shows that vertical accuracy within the decimeter level.
Dynamic analysis of ecological security in central Yunnan province, China from 1990 to 2017
Authors: Liu F , Gao C H , Wang J L , Zhou J C H , Sha J M
Published: December 2021

Ecological security is an important content of national and regional security research. The Central Yunnan Province (CYP) has important location factors and social and economic development status, so ecological security research in CYP is quite relevant. For the purpose of our research, we adopted the S-PRD (Ecological Insecurity-Pressure-Regulation-External Driving Force) conceptual model to establish an evaluation index system based on the four subsystems of water, land, atmosphere, and biology to evaluate the ecological security of central Yunnan from 1990 to 2017 and analyse the characteristics of dynamic evolution. We used the grey incidence matrix analysis method to conduct retrospective grey relational evaluation and retrospective grey sensitivity evaluation and analyse the influencing factors of ecological security. The study conclusions showed that the security of the water system has been fluctuating and rising, and has stabilized in the past five years. Both the land system and the biological system have shown an upward trend, but the degree of change was relatively small, and the atmospheric system was stable. The evaluation value of the ecological environment insecurity of the four cities is generally on the rise. The control measures have the greatest impact on ecological insecurity, the second important factor is an external driving force.
Assessment of vegetation cover on abandoned agricultural forest-steppe lands using multivariate analysis of their spectral response
Authors: Terekhin E A
Published: December 2021

It is crucial for all the regions including the forest-steppe zone that the vegetation cover on abandoned agricultural lands is thoroughly studied. This paper reviews some challenges of abandoned agricultural lands, which can be used as the basis for the real-time analysis of vegetation dynamics. The study aims to assess the capacity of automatic identification of forest stands established on abandoned agricultural lands through multivariate analysis of their spectral response. Based on the analysis of spectral reflective characteristics of abandoned agricultural lands from Landsat OLI data, it was found out that the reflective features of abandoned areas with deciduous, coniferous, and mixed forest stands differ significantly in the infrared band. It has been proposed to recognize abandoned agricultural lands with deciduous and coniferous forest stands through discriminant analysis of their reflective characteristics. It has been proved that reflectance in the red and infrared bands can be used to automatically detect abandoned agricultural lands with deciduous and coniferous stands. It is more challenging to identify abandoned areas with mixed forest stands.
Radial growth patterns of Siberian larch in plantations of the Republic Mari El
Authors: Demakov Iu P
Published: December 2021

Based on the measurements of 83 wood cores, the main patterns of changes in the width of the early and late zones in the annual ring of Siberian larch trees (Larix sibirica Ledeb.), as well as their total radial growth indices in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El were identified. It was found that the width of the early wood zone varies in trees from 0.15 to 11.3 mm, late wood – from 0.05 to 4.15 mm, the proportion of latewood – from 1.2 to 82.8 %, and the annual growth indices - from 13 to 423 %. The main factor in the variability of the total width of the annual rings and the layer of early wood is the age of the trees, and the contribution of weather conditions and other unaccounted factors (noise) to the overall variance of the annual growth parameters is no more than 20 %. The variability of the total width of the annual ring also depends on their genotypic features, which determine up to 42.7% of the total variance of the parameter in some cenopopulations. In the dynamics of the growth indices of larch trees, despite the existing specifics of each cenopopulation, the general sharp decline in their values after the droughts of 1972 and 2010, as well as the alternation of the periods of growth and decline, is clearly distinguished.
Interconnected operation of the ozone generator with the power supply unit
Authors: Ibragimov M , Tadjibekova I E , Matchonov O
Published: December 2021

This article is addressed to the inductivity of the feeder transformer influence on of the plate-type ozone generator operating modes. The equation characterises the ozone generator interconnected operation with the transformer, in discharge and non-discharge modes is represented. Use of the near-resonant mode of operation is proposed with a view to reach maximum output capacity. With that end in view, it is proposed to use the transformer with higher inductance. Oscillograph charts of two modes of operation of the ozone generator are analysed. Current waveform factors are determined by the harmonic analysis method. Experiments proved that current waveform factor increase in value for the account of continuous discharge is conductive to increase of ozone output by 25-30 % and power loss reduction by 10-15 %.
Selection of a heating system based on climatic conditions of Uzbekistan and on calculations of the technical and economic indicators of alternative systems: A case study of the solar greenhouse with a transformable building
Authors: Rasakhodzhaev B , Makhmudov S , Muminov F
Published: December 2021

This paper presents studies on the choice of a heating system based on calculations of economic efficiency and payback periods for alternative systems, a solar greenhouse with a transformable body. The purpose of the work is to carry out calculations to determine the consumption of fuel resources necessary to ensure the required amount of energy for the heating season: consumption of natural gas, solid fuel (coal) and electricity for heating a greenhouse with a transformable (adjustable) body. Analytical methods were used to determine the cost of materials and the main units of a greenhouse with a transformable (adjustable) body. Depending on the shape of the greenhouse, the total costs, economic efficiency and payback periods are determined. The research work carried out shows that, in terms of the cost of construction and consumption of materials, the developed greenhouse with transformable (adjustable) body are quite acceptable for its successful use among farmers and private households in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Calculation of economic efficiency and payback periods for greenhouses with a transformable housing allows you to choose the most acceptable heating system and technical characteristics of alternative systems acceptable for the climatic conditions of Uzbekistan.
Effects of electric pulse processing in increasing the efficiency of cotton oil from technical seeds
Authors: Ibragimov M , Turdiboyev A , Akbarov D
Published: December 2021

This article provides an analysis of the global demand for cottonseed oil consumption, the growing trend of cottonseed oil production and methods of obtaining vegetable oil based on modern technologies. Based on the results of the analysis, the electro technology of electric pulse processing of seed pulp was proposed to increase the efficiency of obtaining cottonseed oil from technical seeds. Experiments have shown that the maximum degree of damage to the seed nucleus by electric pulse treatment depends on the amount of oil extraction. It is also possible to reduce the roasting temperature of electrically pulsed seed pulp to 70-75 °C, and these parameters are considered be energy-saving parameters. It is possible to increase the amount of oil extracted from the seed and reduce energy costs in the technology through electro-pulse processing.
Study on the biparametrical transudations circuits with distributed parameters
Authors: Amirov S F , Kh Sulliev A , Sanbetova A T , Kurbonov I
Published: December 2021

This paper highlights the methods of resenting mode in the transudation with distributed parameters. The transient parameters of the power supply were analyzed. It was discovered that resonance is provided in a small range of movement of the moving component of the sensor in known turbofan engines, indicating that the known techniques of sustaining the resonance mode are flawed. Further study should focus on developing novel methods for preserving resonance mode over the entire range of change of the converted value, general principles of turbojet engine construction, and a complete examination of their resonant circuits, according to the findings.
Study on the Electromagnetic current sensor for traction electro supply devices control systems
Authors: Amirov S , Rustamov D , Yuldashev N , Mamadaliev U , Kurbanova M
Published: December 2021

This article is devoted to the new electromagnetic sensor design of large direct and alternating currents with expanded functionality for the electro supply devices control and management systems on electrified railways. It’s analyzed that its nonlinear magnetic circuit with longitudinal magnetization based on the magnetization curve approximation. Also it’s shown that developed sensor sensitivity depends on working air gap sizes and modulating magnetic field induction.
Determination of the technical condition of electrical equipment in power supply systems
Authors: Rakhmatov A , Rajabov N , Yakubova Kh
Published: December 2021

This article describes the methods and means for determining the technical condition of electrical equipment in power supply systems, particularly in transformer substations. There are many ways to determine the technical condition of electrical equipment. However, their implementation requires complex and additional equipment and devices. In addition, these tests must be carried out when the power supply system is off. This will lead to a decrease in the quality of electrical energy. Determination of the technical condition of electrical equipment using thermal imagers is performed under the voltage and in operating modes, the measurement process does not affect the parameters of the power supply system. The results of research in energy enterprises of the Syrdarya region are presented.
Adjustments to the indicators of the heating and cooling degree-days for regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Authors: Avezova N R , Yu Rakhimov E , Dalmuradova N N , Shermatova M B
Published: December 2021

This paper identifies the indicators of the calculated heating and cooling degree-days for the territory of Uzbekistan. The revealed values of the maximum and average daily outside air temperature were taken into account based on the collection, processing and analysis of the latest archives of climatic data. These data was obtained from open sources of weather stations, suitable for servicing scientific data, in order to enter adjustments to forecasts in the design of heat and cold supply systems in buildings and structures, which, in turn, mitigate the effects of climate change.
Existing problems of drying cocoon and making chrysalis feeble, and their solutions
Authors: Khaliknazarov U , Akbarov D , Tursunov A , Gafforov S , Abdunabiev D
Published: December 2021

The report of introduced techniques and theoretical, analytical and experimental studies of foreign and our national scientists in recent years are given in this article. it has been established that treatment with a high frequency electromagnetic field achieves a high efficiency in drying the cocoon and killing pupae. The shell of the cocoon does not heat up with this method. This is explained by the fact that the high frequency energy is absorbed mainly in the pupa because of the difference of the dielectric constant, which leads to the heating of the pupa to 90-95 ° C and they die within 30 seconds depending on the power.
Study on the improvement the quality of drinking water via electrochemical pulse treatment
Authors: Turdiboyev A , Akbarov D , Mussabekov A , Toshev T , Niyozov J
Published: December 2021

This article provides information on the ongoing research on the provision of clean and high-quality drinking water, comprehensive development and modernization of drinking water supply and sewerage systems, quality characteristics, physical and chemical composition, and water treatment methods. Initial electrochemical pulse treatment for drinking water is proposed. When water is treated with an electrochemical pulse, the substances become dispersed particles and, due to improved oxidation, reduce the amount of dry matter in the water by 28%, and the oxidation rate increase by 33%, and the hydrogen peroxide ratio by 30%.
Studying safety and risk management in the gas transmission system using GIS technology
Authors: Khodjaeva S , Musaev M , Akhmedov Sh
Published: December 2021

In this current research, the combination of gas transportation system in line with analytical process was applied to conduct an assessment on the risk management of gas transferring pipe lines. By this process, classification and qualification of the numerous types of transportation risks would be accessible. Index and transportation index indicate risk probability and risk severity, respectively. In this regard, total risk is calculated based on the multiplication of all risk probability using geographical information systems (GIS) classified risks that have been throughout the pipeline route using attributive information. This information also gave database alternative monitoring of gas transportation.
Results of experimental tests of building samples
Authors: Yu Narkevich M , Logunova O S , Kalandarov P I , Gazieva R T , Aralov G M , Tokmazov G V , Yu Romanov P , Khushiev S
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the experimental study presented in the work is to generate new knowledge about the quality of concrete samples in a new information field that consolidates information about the results of full-scale tests and video streams that were obtained during active laboratory experiments-studies. When conducting experimental studies, the traditional technology of testing concrete samples for central compression was used. This was accompanied by continuous monitoring and the formation of a video stream for each sample. A distinctive feature of the study is the formation of an information field of experiments, which contains three levels: the level of initial data, the level of analysis of initial data and the level of generation of new knowledge. The level of analysis of the source data using the video stream allows you to obtain information at the end of the experiment that cannot be recorded in real time. For the samples under study, time intervals with different rates of defect development were obtained. The results obtained made it possible to identify new possibilities for the formation of the information field during traditional experimental studies of the quality of concrete images and, based on the information obtained, to identify patterns of development of surface continuity disorders in dynamics. New opportunities for the formation of the information field allow in real time to obtain and process information on the state of concrete and reinforced concrete structures of construction projects by quality indicators and, on the basis of the data obtained, predicting the risk of accidents, including at hazardous production facilities.
NPSCA-containing fertilizers based on ammonium nitrate melt and powder Suprefos-NS
Authors: Hoshimov A A , Seytnazarov A R , Tadjiev S M , Alimov U K , Tojiev R R , Madenov B D
Published: December 2021

Methods for improving the composition and properties of ammonium nitrate (AN) using various inorganic additives are considered. It has been shown that the employing Suprefos-NS, a product of JSC “Ammofos-Maxam”, as an additive in the AN melt allows obtaining a stabilized fertilizer containing, except nitrogen and phosphorus, macroelements such as calcium and sulfur, exclusively in assimilable forms. In this case, the mass ratio AN: Suprefos-NS varied in the range from 100: 5 to 100: 35. It was found that any amount of Suprefos-NS additives significantly improves the composition and properties of the AN.
Planting dates and seedling age of red cabbage during the spring season in Uzbekistan
Authors: Adilov M M , Rustamov B A , Amanova M E , Rustamov A S
Published: December 2021

The importance of red cabbage for expanding the range of vegetable crops in Uzbekistan is highlighted in this paper. The results of three-year (2018-2020) studies on the comparative assessment of the effectiveness of three spring planting dates (March 5-9, 13-16 and 25-27) at three seedling ages (70, 60 and 50 days) at each planting date were presented. It was revealed that the later the seeds are sown to obtain seedlings for spring culture, the faster the seedlings appear and the more the seedlings form leaves. With the postponement of the timing of planting seedlings, the survival rate of seedlings increases. It has been established that the later the seedlings are planted, the higher the temperatures are the growth of plants and the formation of heads. The most unfavorable temperature conditions are formed when the seedlings are planted on March 25-27, which causes a delay at the beginning of the formation of heads of cabbage, an increase in the number of leaves of a root rosette, a decrease in the setting and average weight of heads of cabbage and their marketability. The best indicators of head set-up, their average weight and marketability, yield per unit area are provided when planting on March 14-16, 70 and 60-day old seedlings. Planting seedlings on March 25-27, seedlings of any age, due to the formation of heads of cabbage at excessively high temperatures, delays the flow of products, reduces the setting, average weight and marketability of heads of cabbage and significantly reduces the yield per unit area. It is recommended for a spring culture to plant on March 14-16 with 70 and 60-day old seedlings and not allow planting at the end of March.
Planting dates and placement of the Sophora plantation on the irrigated lands of the Tashkent oasis
Authors: Kalandarov M M , Mashrapov KH T , Salokhiddinov G M
Published: December 2021

This article is very relevant to set out organizing plantations in the conditions of the Tashkent oasis. Climatic zones of desert and semi-desert under the influence of new conditions (abundance of light and thermal solar energy, a very long growing season, artificial irrigation), the growth and development of sophora is favorable. Annual seedlings under the influence of mineral fertilizers reach a height of up to 110 cm, the growth of lateral shoots of seedlings in the first year after planting is 33 cm.In the conditions of the Tashkent oasis, sophora favorably tolerates short-term winter low air temperatures (up to 30°C), tolerates soil compaction and has established itself gas-, dust-resistant decorative breed. The number of inflorescences on one tree ranges from 16 to 60 pieces, depending on the layout of the seats. Abundant flowering of sophora was noted with a planting pattern of 5.0x4.0, 5.0x3.0 with sufficient sunlight. The content of rutin in fruit elements ranges from 3.9 to 14.7% and depends on agrotechnical care, the state of the plantings themselves and their location.
Investigating the cultural-morphological features of rhizobacteria and allocating it from the cotton plant (Gossýpium hirsútum): in the example of irrigated meadow soils of Uzbekistan
Authors: Khojanazarova M K , Murodova S S , Sanakulov S F , Khalmuminova G K
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the cultural-morphological, physiological and biochemical properties of bacterial isolates with stimulating properties isolated from the rhizosphere of cotton (Gossýpium hirsútum) grown in saline soils of Uzbekistan. The cells of the isolated culture No. 12 were found to be rod-shaped, 2-3x0.5-0.6 urn in size, single or chain-linked, Gram-positive aerobic bacteria producing spores. In studying the culture No. 146, its cells were in the form of thick, less mobile rods, 1-2x0.6-0.8 urn in size, forming thermostable spores. The spores were located in the center of the cell; the Gram-stained colonies in meat-peptone agar were round, bulging; the edges were flat, consistency oily, smooth and, mucous; and, the upper part was found to be shiny. Studies have shown that the isolates appertained to the genus Bacillus sr.
Influence of biopreparation ‘Zamin-M’ on cotton plants (gossypium hirsutum) under soil salinization in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khojanazarova M K , Murodova S S , Sanakulov S F , Turdaliev J M
Published: December 2021

In this article, a microbial inoculant acting as a biofertilizer is considered as a biostimulant, consisting of three strains of local salt-tolerant strains of rhizobacteria Pseudomonas stutzeri SKB308, Bacillus subtilis SKB309, Bacillus megaterium SKB310. The authors have developed and introduced into agricultural practice an experimental sample of the biological product ‘Zamin-M’, which increases the resistance of cotton to stress conditions of soil salinity. It is proved that the biological product ‘Zamin-M’ increases soil fertility has a beneficial effect on the enzymatic activity of the soil and the development of a population of beneficial microorganisms. The bioproduct ‘Zamin-M’ is presented as a new stimulant in the practice of growing cotton in saline conditions. An agricultural technique for the use of a local biological product in agriculture has been developed. The ‘Zamin-M’ is included by the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the list of agrochemicals and pesticides permitted for use in agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan (certificate No. 1A1005).
Influence of physicochemical factors on water exchange in cotton leaves under the moisture deficit conditions
Authors: Usmanov R M , Nabiev S M , Lukyanova S V , Sagdiev M T , Hamdullaev Sh A
Published: December 2021

Presowing treatment of cotton seeds with a physical factor (low-frequency electromagnetic field - LF EMF) and a chemical compound (glycyrrhizic acid - GzA) and sowing them under conditions of optimal and limited water supply showed that different varieties of cotton, depending on their biological peculiarities and the method of seed treatment, had different parameters of water exchange in plants. The experiments were carried out in laboratory, greenhouse, lysimetric and field conditions, the indicators of the electrical resistance of leaf tissues (ERLT) of cotton plants depended on the conditions of water supply. According to this indicator, the varieties Ishonch, Gulbahor-2 and Navbahor-2 showed greater resistance to soil moisture deficiency, in comparison with the variety Tashkent-6. The plant varieties from seeds, treated with LF EMF and GzA, to a greater or lesser extent, are in the range with the lowest ERLT values, in comparison with the varieties from untreated seeds.