bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Role of Ammonia in Patients With Cirrhosis
Authors: Shalimar  , Sheikh Mohammed Faisal , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P. , Agarwal Banwari , Acharya Subrat Kumar , Jalan Rajiv
Published: February 2019

Ammonia is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), but its prognostic role in patients with cirrhosis and acute decompensation is unknown. The aims of this study were to determine the relationship between ammonia levels and severity of HE and its association with organ dysfunction and short‐term mortality. We identified 498 patients from two institutions as part of prospective observational studies in patients with cirrhosis. Plasma ammonia levels were measured on admission and Chronic Liver Failure‐Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria were used to determine the presence of organ failures. The 28‐day patient survival was determined. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to identify the cutoff points for ammonia values, and multivariable analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. The 28‐day mortality was 43.4%. Plasma ammonia correlated with severity of HE (P < 0.001), was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (93 [73‐121] versus 67 [55‐89] µmol/L, P < 0.001), and was an independent predictor of 28‐day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.009, P < 0.001). An ammonia level of 79.5 µmol/L had sensitivity of 68.1% and specificity of 67.4% for predicting 28‐day mortality. An ammonia level of ≥79.5 µmol/L was associated with a higher frequency of organ failures (liver [P = 0.004], coagulation [P < 0.001], kidney [P = 0.004], and respiratory [P < 0.001]). Lack of improvement in baseline ammonia at day 5 was associated with high mortality (70.6%). Conclusion: Ammonia level correlates with not only the severity of HE but also the failure of other organs and is an independent risk factor for mortality; lack of improvement in ammonia level is associated with high risk of death, making it an important biomarker and a therapeutic target.
How and when matter: Exploring the interaction effects of high‐performance work systems, employee participation, and human capital on organizational innovation
Authors: Zhou Yu , Fan Xueqing , Son Jooyeon
Published: February 2019

Existing research on the relationship between high‐performance work systems (HPWS) and organizational innovation has paid insufficient attention to the boundary effects of employee participation and human capital. Bridging the human resource management (HRM) and employment relations literature, this study contributes to the contingency view of HRM and China‐specific research by investigating how human capital and employee participation, direct voice mechanism, and corporate governance participation jointly moderate the relationship between HPWS and organizational innovation. We test our three‐way interaction model using a sample of 108 firms and 1,250 employees in China. The results suggest that HPWS are positively associated with organizational innovation when employees with relatively less human capital are coupled with more direct voice mechanism or less corporate governance participation. In contrast, HPWS are negatively related to organizational innovation when employees possessing greater human capital are coupled with more direct voice mechanism. The theoretical and managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
Participation of integrin β3 in osteoblast differentiation induced by titanium with nano or microtopography
Authors: Lopes Helena B. , Freitas Gileade P. , Elias Carlos N. , Tye Coralee , Stein Janet L. , Stein Gary S. , Lian Jane B. , Rosa Adalberto L. , Beloti Marcio M.
Published: February 2019

The major role of integrins is to mediate cell adhesion but some of them are involved in the osteoblasts–titanium (Ti) interactions. In this study, we investigated the participation of integrins in osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti with nanotopography (Ti‐Nano) and with microtopography (Ti‐Micro). By using a PCR array, we observed that, compared with Ti‐Micro, Ti‐Nano upregulated the expression of five integrins in mesenchymal stem cells, including integrin β3, which increases osteoblast differentiation. Silencing integrin β3, using CRISPR‐Cas9, in MC3T3‐E1 cells significantly reduced the osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti‐Nano in contrast to the effect on T‐Micro. Concomitantly, integrin β3 silencing downregulated the expression of integrin αv, the parent chain that combines with other integrins and several components of the Wnt/β‐catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways, all involved in osteoblast differentiation, only in cells cultured on Ti‐Nano. Taken together, our results showed the key role of integrin β3 in the osteogenic potential of Ti‐Nano but not of Ti‐Micro. Additionally, we propose a novel mechanism to explain the higher osteoblast differentiation induced by Ti‐Nano that involves an intricate regulatory network triggered by integrin β3 upregulation, which activates the Wnt and BMP signal transductions. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1303–1313, 2019.
Degradation behaviors and cytocompatibility of Mg/β‐tricalcium phosphate composites produced by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Narita Kai , Tian Qiaomu , Johnson Ian , Zhang Chaoxing , Kobayashi Equo , Liu Huinan
Published: February 2019

Magnesium (Mg)‐based materials have shown great potentials for bioresorbable implant applications. Previous studies showed that Mg with 10 and 20 vol % β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) composites produced by spark plasma sintering, improved mechanical properties when compared with pure Mg. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the degradation behaviors of Mg/10% β‐TCP and Mg/20% β‐TCP composites in revised stimulated body fluid (rSBF), and to determine their cytocompatibility with bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) using the direct culture method. During the 11 days of immersion in rSBF, Mg/β‐TCP composites showed different degradation behaviors at different immersion periods, that is, the initial stage (0–1 hr), the mid‐term stage (1 hr to 2 days), and the long‐term stage (2−11 days). The counter effects of mass loss due to microgalvanic corrosion and mass gain due to deposition of Ca‐P containing layers resulted in slower Mg2+ ion release for Mg/20% β‐TCP than Mg/10% β‐TCP in the mid‐term, but eventually 16% mass loss for Mg/20% β‐TCP and 10% mass loss for Mg/10% β‐TCP after 11 days of immersion. The in vitro studies with BMSCs showed the highest cell adhesion density (i.e., 68% of seeding density) on the plate surrounding the Mg/10% β‐TCP sample, that is, under the indirect contact condition of direct culture. The β‐TCP showed a positive effect on direct adhesion of BMSCs on the surface of Mg/β‐TCP composites. This study elucidated the degradation behaviors and the cytocompatibility of Mg/β‐TCP composites in vitro; and, further studies on Mg/ceramic composites are needed to determine their potential for clinical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 2238–2253, 2019.
Retracted: microRNA‐539 functions as a tumor suppressor in papillary thyroid carcinoma via the transforming growth factor β1/Smads signaling pathway by targeting secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor
Authors: Xu Cheng‐Bi , Liu Xue‐Shi‐Bo‐Jie , Li Jin‐Qiu , Zhao Xue , Xin Ding , Yu Dan
Published: February 2019

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid malignancy, with growing incidence every year. microRNAs (miRs) are known to regulate the physiological and pathological processes of cancers, such as proliferation, migration, invasion, survival, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effect of miR‐539 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and EMT by targeting secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) via the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1)/Smads signaling pathway in PTC. First, PTC‐related differentially expressed genes and regulatory miR were screened using bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter gene assay, and ribonucleoprotein immunoprecipitation, which identified the SLPI gene and the regulatory miR‐539 for this study. We identified SLPI as a highly expressed gene in PTC tissues, and SLPI was targeted and negatively regulated by miR‐539. Then, we introduced a series of miR‐539 mimics, miR‐539 inhibitors, and small interfering RNA against SLPI plasmids into CGTHW‐3 cells to examine the effects of miR‐539 and SLPI on the expression of TGF‐β1/Smads signaling pathway‐, EMT‐, and apoptosis‐related factors, as well as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The obtained results indicated that CGTHW‐3 cells treated with silenced SLPI or overexpressed miR‐539 suppressed the cell proliferation, migration, invasion abilities, and resistance to apoptosis of PTC cells, corresponding to increased expression of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, TGF‐β1, Sekelsky mothers against dpp 4, and epithelial cadherin, and decreased B cell lymphoma 2, Vimentin, and N‐cadherin. Altogether, we concluded that overexpressed miR‐539 could inhibit the PTC cell proliferation and promote apoptosis and EMT by targeting SPLI via activation of the TGF‐β1/Smads signaling pathway.
Warburg effect is involved in apelin‐13‐induced human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation
Authors: Zhou Qionglin , Xu Jin , Liu Meiqing , He Lu , Zhang Kai , Yang Yiyuan , Yang Xiao , Zhou Hong , Tang Mingzhu , Lu Liqun , Chen Zhe , Chen Linxi , Li Lanfang
Published: February 2019

Apelin is the endogenous ligand for the G protein‐coupled receptor APJ. Both apelin and APJ receptor are distributed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and play important roles in the cardiovascular system. Our previous reports have indicated that apelin‐13 promoted the proliferation of VSMCs, but its exact mechanism remains to be further explored. The results of the present study demonstrated that the Warburg effect plays a pivotal role in apelin‐13‐induced human aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (HA‐VSMCs) proliferation. Apelin‐13 promoted the expression of glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1), pyruvate kinase 2 (PKM2), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Moreover, apelin‐13 increased the extracellular, intracellular lactate level, and decreased adenosine triphosphate level in HA‐VSMCs. Furthermore, siRNA‐PKM2 reversed extracellular and intracellular lactate generation and inhibited the proliferation of HA‐VSMCs induced by apelin‐13. Downregulation of LDHA also significantly prevented extracellular and intracellular lactate generation and inhibited the proliferation of HA‐VSMCs induced by apelin‐13. Taken together, our results demonstrated a novel mechanism for HA‐VSMCs proliferation induced by apelin‐13 via Warburg effect.
Sequence‐Defined Introduction of Hydrophobic Motifs and Effects in Lectin Binding of Precision Glycomacromolecules
Authors: Boden Sophia , Reise Franziska , Kania Jessica , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Hartmann Laura
Published: February 2019

This study investigates the influence of an increasingly hydrophobic backbone of multivalent glycomimetics based on sequence‐defined oligo(amidoamines) on their resulting affinity toward bacterial lectins. Glycomacromolecules are obtained by stepwise assembly of tailor‐made building blocks on solid support, using both hydrophobic aliphatic and aromatic building blocks to enable a gradual change in hydrophobicity of the backbone. Their binding behavior toward model lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) is evaluated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) showing higher affinities for glycomacromolecules with higher content of hydrophobic and aromatic moieties in the backbone. Finally, glycomacromolecules are tested in a bacterial adhesion inhibition study against Escherichia coli where more hydrophobic backbones yield higher inhibitory potentials most likely due to additional secondary interactions with hydrophobic regions of the protein receptor as well as a change in conformation exposing carbohydrate ligands for increased binding. Overall, the results highlight the influence and thereby importance of the polymer backbone itself on the resulting properties of polymeric biomimetics.
Prenatal cell‐free DNA screening for fetal aneuploidy in pregnant women at average or high risk: Results from a large US clinical laboratory
Authors: Guy Carrie , Haji‐Sheikhi Farnoosh , Rowland Charles M. , Anderson Ben , Owen Renius , Lacbawan Felicitas L. , Alagia Damian P.
Published: February 2019

Background

We evaluated the performance of a cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) prenatal screening assay for trisomies 21, 18, and 13, and sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs) among a population of pregnant women that included both those at average and high risk.

Methods

Specimen collection, cfDNA extraction, massively parallel sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis were conducted per laboratory protocol. Assay results, concordance with pregnancy outcomes, and performance characteristics were evaluated.

Results

A total 75,658 specimens from 72,176 individual pregnant women were received. Technical reasons accounted for 288 (0.4% of all received samples) tests not performed. In the final analysis cohort (N = 69,794), 13% of pregnancies were considered at average risk and 87% at high risk. Mean gestational age at specimen collection was 15.1 weeks. Of the 69,794 unique pregnancies, 1,359 (1.9%) had positive test results. Among the results with confirmed outcomes, PPV for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 was 98.1%, 88.2%, and 59.3%, respectively; the PPV was 69.0% for SCAs and 75.0% for microdeletions. Overall, PPV was 87.2%, sensitivity was 97.9%, and specificity was 99.9%.

Conclusion

This cfDNA prenatal screening assay provides highly accurate discrimination between affected and unaffected pregnancies among a population of pregnant women at average and high risk for fetal genetic abnormalities.
Bioraffineriekonzepte: mehr erreichen, ohne zu pressen
Authors: Pufky‐Heinrich Daniela , Steffler Fabian , Börner Gunter
Published: February 2019

Um die Rapsverarbeitung effizienter zu machen, gibt es ein neues Verfahren, das Inhaltsstoffe schonend mit Ethanol extrahiert. Diese Technik eröffnet weitere Möglichkeiten, um Produkte aus Raps und anderen Ölsaaten zu gewinnen.
Der Farbstoff aus der Wöhlk‐Probe
Authors: Kussler Manfred W. , Ruppersberg Klaus
Published: February 2019

Eine Schutzgruppe in Position 4 der Glucose reicht, damit sich die alkalische Zuckerlösung mit Ammoniak oder Methylamin verfärbt. Nun gibt es Hinweise darauf, was chemisch bei positiver Wöhlk‐Probe beziehungsweise positivem Fearon‐Test passiert.
Evaluation of Potential Translocation Sites for an Imperiled Cyprinid, the Hornyhead Chub
Authors: Hickerson Brian T. , Walters Annika W.
Published: February 2019

Translocation of isolated species into suitable habitats may help to secure vulnerable, geographically limited species. Due to the decline of Wyoming Hornyhead Chub Nocomis biguttatus, conservation actions, such as the translocation of populations within the plausible historical range, are being considered to improve population redundancy and resiliency to disturbance events. Translocation of Wyoming Hornyhead Chub must be rigorously evaluated because a hatchery stock does not exist, so all fish used in translocations will come from the wild population. We present an approach to identify the best available translocation sites prior to translocation efforts taking place. We evaluated fish community composition and habitat conditions at 54 potential translocation sites for Hornyhead Chub within 12 streams of the North Platte River basin of Wyoming. We used two analyses to identify translocation sites that were most similar to currently occupied Hornyhead Chub sites on the Laramie River: hurdle models to predict hypothetical abundance of Hornyhead Chub at translocation sites and nonmetric multidimensional scaling with fish community and habitat conditions. Presence and abundance of Hornyhead Chub were positively related to a lack of nonnative predators and to habitat features characteristic of backwater and velocity refuge habitats (e.g., minimum water velocity and width-to-depth ratio). We used a rank scoring system to weight the outcomes of each analysis, and the highest-ranking translocation sites occurred at a historically occupied locality, the Sweetwater River. Our approach may be appropriate for other at-risk species with isolated distributions and little historical data.
Gender differences in music search behaviour on social Q&A sites: A case study on Zhihu
Authors: Deng Shengli , zhao Anqi , Huang Ruhua
Published: February 2019

In spite of ample studies on music information behaviour, little is known on how music search behaviour is performed on social question and answer (social Q&A) sites by considering gender differences. Based on a collection of 12,331 music questions collected from Zhihu, the study adopted a mixed research methodology and performed both quantitative analysis and qualitative content analysis to explore gender differences in music search behaviour on social Q&A sites. The results show that males are associated with more questions, answers and followers than females. Males asked question on social Q&A sites mainly for seeking ready reference, whereas females often asked question to promote a discussion. When formulating questions, females tend to use second pronouns and interrogative words like “what” more often than males. In contrast, questions from males tend to include more words and are thus longer than the questions from females. In addition, questions asked by males tend to attract more answers than those from females. Our results shed light to current music information behaviour studies and contribute new insights to the development of a better music service system.
Surfing safely: Examining older adults' online privacy protection behaviors
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ying , Bashir Masooda
Published: February 2019

The advancement of Internet technologies, including instant and unlimited access to information and services, is an excellent source of support for older adults. However, pervasive and continuous online tracking can pose threats to older adults' information privacy. To enhance older adults' online information privacy, it is important to understand how older adults behave online to protect their information privacy. Although most studies have examined the effect of older adults' privacy attitudes and perceptions on their technology adoption, very few empirical studies have focused on older adults' online privacy protection behaviors. It also remains unclear whether cognitive factors, such as older adults' concerns, knowledge, and perceived risks, impact their protective behaviors for online information privacy. Therefore, this exploratory study conducted a survey to investigate how older adults protect their online information privacy and the cognitive impacts on their behaviors. Our results reveal that older adults use several strategies to protect their online information privacy. In addition, we also confirmed a phenomenon of ‘Privacy Divide’ among older adults and provide recommendations for future technological development.
An examination of a gamified E‐quiz system in fostering students' reading habit, interest and ability
Authors: Li Xiuhan , Mok Sum Wing , Cheng Yuen Ying Janet , Chu Samuel Kai Wah
Published: February 2019

Learning how to read is essential to a child's development. However, existing educational literature suggests that children are reluctant to read because of a decrease of reading motivation and a loss of interest in books (Alter, 2014). Gamified learning supported by information and communication technologies has gained popularity in recent years and been viewed by educators as an effective tool to facilitate pre‐adolescent learning (Kapp, ). In the present study, gamified learning is studied in the local educational context. Through a recently developed gamified reading platform called Reading Battle, this study seeks to test the impacts of the platform on local primary students' reading experience. Adopting a mixed‐method approach, the study fulfilled its quantitative objective by inviting 39 students, 23 parents and 7 teachers to complete a 4‐point Likert‐scale questionnaire. On the other hand, the study's qualitative objective was met by inviting 37 students, 20 parents and 7 teachers to face‐to‐face interviews. Results show that Reading Battle helps foster active reading habits in student users, improve their academic performance, enhance their reading competence, and boost their reading motivation. These findings in turn shed light on the educational implications of gamified learning: 1. It promotes self‐regulated learning; and 2. It has aided both teachers and students to actualise the learning outcomes of their curriculum.
The role of information resources in young fathers' parenting experiences
Authors: Mniszak Caroline , O'Brien Heather , Chabot Cathy , Shoveller Jean
Published: February 2019

Young fathers are frequently stigmatized as absentee and uninvolved in parenting. Although recent research has highlighted the need to develop programs and services specifically for this population, little consideration has been given to the kind of information young fathers would like to obtain, or the barriers inherent in existing programs and information resources. This research, which is part of a longitudinal ethnographic study conducted at young parent and pregnancy outreach programs in two Canadian cities, examined the ways in which young fathers are excluded from parenting resources and services. In this paper, we used content analysis to analyse photographs of information resources at study sites, e.g., parenting books, pamphlets, and posters advertising local events and services. Findings showed that the presentation of information is gendered and targeted at young mothers, thus serving as a form of exclusion for young fathers. These results, situated in the context of (young) parents' information practices, show that intentions to support young fathers must address issues of representation and audience in the design and delivery of parenting information.
Towards a more inclusive technical website: Knowledge gaps, performance, experience, and perception differences among various user groups
Authors: Tang Rong , Lu Wenqing , Gregg Will , Gentry Steven , Humeston Stephen E.
Published: February 2019

This paper reports a usability and user experience research study of PBCore.org, a WGBH website supporting the PBCore metadata dictionary. Usability testing was conducted with 53 participants who worked in audiovisual processing and archiving. Significant differences in task performances and interaction experiences among user groups were found, most notably between broadcast and information professionals, archivists/librarians and other staff, and participants who had an LIS degree and those who did not. Qualitative observations afforded a deeper understanding of the difficulties that non‐LIS participants encountered. Recommendations for designing a more inclusive technical website include providing contextual and practical information on the homepage, delivering technical content visually and interactively, offering understandable definitions of terminology, and building a vibrant user community. Further research documenting users' knowledge gaps would be valuable. The paper concludes with a call for developing specific usability requirements for technical websites to create an inclusive and accessible user experience.
Evaluation of metadata change in authority data over time: An effect of a standard evolution
Authors: Zavalina Oksana L. , Zavalin Vyacheslav
Published: February 2019

Information community creates, maintains and shares authority data through large‐scale databases of standardized digital records that describe persons, institutions, places, events, and works, as well as relations between them. This submission presents some results of the content analysis study that explores the authority data change over time in response to change in standards. We analysed over 400 thousand of authority records that comply to the new standard, Resource Description and Access (RDA) and are available through the OCLC database. Records were obtained at two data collection points, with an interval of 22 months. Our analysis identified RDA‐based authority data elements that are widely applied and the ones that need more attention by record creators. Findings reveal a significant increase over time in the level of application of some data elements, including several of the Linked Data‐enabling elements. This study contributes to the understanding of metadata change and its relation to functionality of authority records and improved information access. Directions for future research are suggested.
Politicians & the public: The analysis of political communication in social media
Authors: Alperin Juan Pablo , Dumas Catherine , Karami Amir , Moscrop David , Singh Vivek , Zamir Hassan , Ilhan Aylin , Dorsch Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Nowadays, social media has a pivotal role in political communication. Politicians, parties, and the public engage in social networks like Twitter or Facebook. This panel focuses on election campaigns and policy‐making process in social media. How do politicians use social media during elections? How can we identify the public opinion of voters through the application of text‐mining in social media? The US presidential election in 2016, possess big discussions and critics about the general social media usage in the context of election campaigns. Considering the case of Cambridge Analytica, information leakage, privacy issues, and trust also play an essential role as well. In respect of truthfulness, how can we encourage more robust and wide‐reaching sharing of trustworthy material, such as scholarly research? Besides politicians, the public comes more and more into the focus as a political stakeholder in social media. How does the public engage in policy‐making? Electronic‐petitioning serves as a medium to mobilize support and interest of the public. The panel provides the possibility for speaker and participants to exchange both, information as well as methodological approaches of political communication in social media.
Blockchain: One emerging technology—so many applications
Authors: Hirsh Sandra , Alman Susan , Lemieux Victoria , Meyer Eric T.
Published: February 2019

It is clear from the expanding literature that blockchain technology is a trend potentially on the brink of revolutionizing the public and private sectors. There have been conferences, books, white papers, start‐ups, and numerous back‐channel discussions on ways blockchain technology can address seemingly endless processes, and it is on the radar of many information professionals. Blockchain technology has the potential for organizations to accomplish much more than cryptocurrency, payments or housing electronic credentials. Currently, organizations are experimenting with its use in a variety of settings from land transaction recording, medical recordkeeping, supply chain management, regulatory compliance, identity management and beyond. The technology enables a broader impact within the information community and around the globe. Some suggestions being mooted for blockchain applications in information centers include building an enhanced metadata center, protecting Digital First Sale rights, supporting community‐based collections, and facilitating partnerships across organizations. With its potential to transform social, political and economic interactions, and the way that information is managed, there is more to explore about how blockchain can be applied to manage information and what the ethical implications may be. The panelists will provide an update on the current and future uses of blockchain from their own ongoing research: they will present the recommendations developed from the IMLS‐funded project to investigate the possible uses of blockchain, research outcomes from the University of British Columbia's Records in the Chain Project, and the outcomes of a recently completed project (Project Novum) that focused on the organizational and structural issues in visual arts and financial services.
Fandom, food, and folksonomies: The methodological realities of studying fun life‐contexts
Authors: Ocepek Melissa G. , Bullard Julia , Hartel Jenna , Forcier Eric , Polkinghorne Sarah , Price Ludi
Published: February 2019

As Library and Information Science research has evolved, new domains of interest have shaped the field, and with them comes a need to question the appropriateness of applying traditional methodologies to these new domains. This panel focuses on the methodological realities of studying fun life‐contexts and will address how researching a new domain comes with challenges and opportunities. The group of scholars on this panel all share an appreciation for identifying and exploring the unique information experiences within fun life‐contexts, and engage with a variety of subfields, including information behavior, information organization, embodied information, and fan communities. This interactive panel will consist of five short presentations from each of the panelists and a moderated Q&A led by moderator, Jenna Hartel. The panelists each share some examples of their recent work studying fun life‐contexts, reflect on their experience researching in a new domain, and develop themes and questions that should be addressed in future work.
Beyond Bloom's Taxonomy: Integrating “searching as learning” and e‐learning research perspectives
Authors: Reynolds Rebecca , Meyers Eric , Ghosh Souvick , Novin Alamir
Published: February 2019

Searching as learning work is growing in interest, however definitions of ‘learning’ in this space have been somewhat narrow. Here we propose a panel sponsored by SIG InfoLearn that will feature presentations from three scholars whose work falls in the domain of “searching as learning,” followed by a synthesis presented by a fourth scholar along with one of the panelists, who will draw key conceptual intersections among the three empirical research papers and then explicate linkages to existing research in the learning sciences that has potential to further inform the ongoing development of the panelists' and others' work in this domain.
Information seeking behaviors of new immigrants
Authors: Assefa Shimelis , Matusiak Krystyna
Published: February 2019

This poster presents preliminary findings from a study focused on information seeking behaviors and everyday information practices of new immigrants who have settled in the Denver, Colorado metro area. Language was used as an inclusion criterion to recruit immigrants from three linguistic communities (Amharic speaking, Spanish speaking, and Russian speaking) to participate in the study. The study employed photovoice to gather data about participants' information seeking practices. First, the participants were asked to take pictures of the sources of information that they use in everyday life. In a follow‐up interview, participants explained the context within which each of the pictures were taken. The findings of the study indicate that the information seeking behaviors of new immigrants is bilingual shifting frequently from a native language to English depending on the source and type of information. Many new immigrants prefer information in their native language.
Rhetoric of oppression – linguistic maps and semantic classifications
Authors: Bedford Denise A. D. , Bennett Stephanie , Bishop Kevin , Cuse Conor , Ding Lin , Gabaree Sean , Ji Yifei , Kielty Rebecca , Mandwee Rima , Mikalnik Katie , Oberkircher Katherine , Sapru Mihika , Shanoudy Sarah , Wang Shuyang , Whalen Samantha
Published: February 2019

Language gives rise to consciousness and consciousness gives rise to reality. In 2018 we are more aware of the existence of oppressive language than we have been in recent decades, perhaps in part due to the reach of social media and the 24/7 coverage of events and discourse in the public space. In reality, oppressive language has been with us for centuries. This poster represents an effort to map and document the characteristics of the rhetoric of war, economic, cultural, ethnic, racial, and gender oppression, social alienation, extremism, anti‐immigration, and political language. The poster presents the results a map of rhetorical elements, describes its application to the language of the ten areas noted above, and the model's translation into an early stage semantic profile for detection of oppressive language in written text or transcribed speech. The poster will also include test results generated prior to the ASIST Conference.
Injecting realism into simulated work tasks: A case study of the book domain
Authors: Borlund Pia , Bogers Toine
Published: February 2019

Interactive IR studies are commonly conducted by assigning participants simulated work tasks situations (SWTS), predeter‐ mined textual descriptions of an information need and its context to motivate participants to perform realistic searches of the IR system in question. Despite their popularity, research has shown that formulating realistic and engaging SWTSs remains challenging. In this paper, we propose using the analyses of large samples of complex real‐world search requests—with the specific case of book search— to inject realism into SWTSs by taking different relevance aspects and their relative frequencies into account when formulating them. This should make it easier for researchers to design realistic SWTSs in the future.
Building a future through STEM learning for children in underserved communities
Authors: Campana Kathleen , Mills J. Elizabeth , Martin Michelle H.
Published: February 2019

Public libraries offer a variety of STEM learning opportunities for children and youth to allow them to experience emerging technologies in a hands‐on, play‐based manner. Opportunities like these are important for all children as research has identified the importance of STEM learning in informal learning environments (Bell, Lewenstein, Shouse & Feder, 2009). However, a variety of barriers may prevent many children in underserved communities from taking advantage of the STEM opportunities that public libraries offer. Because of this, some libraries are taking their programs and services out to community locations to reach these children. This poster highlights findings from Project LOCAL, an IMLS‐funded planning grant, around STEM learning opportunities offered by libraries out in community locations for children in underserved communities.
Relevance criteria dynamics: A study of online news selection on SERPs
Authors: Chang Yung‐Sheng , Gwizdka Jacek
Published: February 2019

A lab‐based experiment was conducted to understand the multidimensional and dynamic changes in the use of relevance criteria on online news on search engine result pages (SERPs). Data from retrospective think‐aloud (RTA) was first analyzed to investigate the criteria used when participants selected a search result on SERPs. The number and frequency of criteria used for relevance judgments were calculated. The criteria used on subsequent SERPs visits and on results at different ranks on SERPs were then analyzed to understand the differences in relevance criteria that were applied. The results showed that among the top six identified criteria, specific source and topicality were the two most often used relevance criteria. 59.6% of the times partic‐ ipants used a single criterion to make relevance judgment. Considering how criteria changed on subsequent visits to SERPs and on search results at different ranks, specific source was the most often used criterion initially but was then surpassed by topicality on subsequent visits to SERPs and on results at lower ranks. This could be explained by users using specific source as the primary cue in information evaluation and by users' expectation that Google's search engine algorithm shows more relevant information on the first SERP and at the top result ranks.
Human values and end‐of‐life decision making: Results from a pilot study of dementia caregivers
Authors: Fleischmann Kenneth R. , Xie Bo , Champion Jane Dimmitt , Kwak Jung , Koltai Kolina S.
Published: February 2019

Can basic human values be used to predict end‐of‐life (EOL) decision making? Millions of Americans suffer from Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD), yet many ADRD patients do not have advance directives, leaving their loved ones unprepared to make decisions on their behalves. Since EOL care preferences are often treated as a taboo topic, it is important to find ways to predict EOL care preferences in cases where they are unknown. This paper sets out to identify any correlations between basic human values and EOL care preferences. A survey of 50 caregivers found that individuals who highly valued benevolence preferred more care (p<0.01), while individuals who highly valued power preferred less care (p<0.01). This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the use of basic human values as a proxy for EOL care preferences.
Towards automatic fake news classification
Authors: Ghosh Souvick , Shah Chirag
Published: February 2019

The interaction of technology with humans has many adverse effects. The rapid growth and outreach of the social media and the Web have led to the dissemination of questionable and untrusted content among a wider audience, which has negatively influenced their lives and judgment. Many research studies have been conducted to tackle the detection and spreading of fake news, which is misinformation that looks genuine. While the first step of such tasks would be to classify claims associated based on their credibility, the next steps would involve identifying hidden patterns in style, syntax, and content of such news claims. We propose a generalized method based on Deep Neural Networks to detect if a given claim is fake or genuine. We have used a modular approach by combining techniques from information retrieval, natural language processing, and deep learning. Our classifier comprises two main submodules. The first submodule uses the claim to retrieve relevant articles from the knowledge base which can then be used to verify the truth of the claim. It also uses word‐level features for prediction. The second submodule uses a deep neural network to learn the underlying style of fake content. Our experiments conducted on benchmark datasets show that for the given classification task we can obtain up to 82.4% accuracy by using a combination of two models; the first model was up to 72% accurate while the second model was around 81% accurate. Our detection model has the potential to automatically detect and prevent the spread of fake news, thus, limiting the caustic influence of technology in the human lives.
Digital assistants and human values
Authors: Golden Kathryn E. , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: February 2019

Are digital assistants sensitive to the values of their users? In this paper, we report the results of ten interviews with users of Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google Assistant about how they use these digital assistants. Our thematic analysis led us to identify three key themes across the ten interview transcripts: functionality of the technology, trust in the manufacturer, and privacy versus convenience. We conclude that the manufacturers of digital assistants need to be sensitive to users' values when designing and deploying these technologies.
Conceptualizing research ethics on scientific data sharing: Evidence from biological scientists
Authors: Ju Boryung , Kim Youngseek
Published: February 2019

This paper presents the results of our study of biological scientists' formation of research ethics for data sharing intentions. Based on consequential theorists' perspective of ethics, it examines what the main contributing factors affecting biological scientists' formation of research ethics for data sharing are. By analyzing an online survey with 577 respondents with SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) technique, the paper identifies the extent to which egoism factors and utilitarian factors influence their research ethics formation, which eventually leads to their data sharing intentions.
Evaluating social media information: Impact of academic background, purpose of use, and perceived importance of information quality
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Sun , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna
Published: February 2019

Issues with inaccurate information on social media have caused a rising concern. In addition to improving students' knowledge and skills in evaluating the quality of social media information, there is also a need to understand potential barriers such as students' lack of attention to information quality. Surveying over 1,800 students, the current study investigated the relationships among students' perceived importance of finding quality information, academic background, purposes of social media use, and evaluative actions taken. A multiple regression analysis revealed that two purposes of use and other academic backgrounds are related to the perceived importance of finding quality information from social media. Further investigation through correspond‐ ence analysis revealed distinctive clusters of evaluative actions when the purpose of use was to get background information from social media – the purpose closely related to the perceived importance of finding quality information. Implications of the findings on information literacy education were discussed.
A model for analyzing and understanding how novice researchers construct source authority
Authors: Rosenzweig James , Thill Mary , Lambert Frank
Published: February 2019

This bibliometric pilot study presents a modified assessment taxonomy devised originally by Leeder, Markey, and Yakel (2012) and demonstrates how to apply it to assess the resources used in the construction of student academic research papers. Besides discussing this assessment tool, we present empirical data of its application, the result of a pilot study conducted at a medium sized Midwestern American university, based on the analysis of a sample of papers written for a freshman level English composition class. Our findings, among many, demonstrate that just one in 700 academic resources cited in these papers comes from a resource like Wikipedia, and that 52% of resources cited in student papers fall into the five taxonomic category combinations. Besides being used for assessment, this taxonomy may reveal models of information usage in future research.
Visibility of disciplines in academic web space
Authors: Yang Bo , Sun Ying
Published: February 2019

In academic web space, only a small portion of hyperlinks point to topic‐related contents, while most of them are designed for general use. In this study, a hierarchy affiliation model (department‐school‐university) is proposed to extract discipline structure from linkage network and then to evaluate the discipline visibility on academic web. The case study of the Chinese academic web shows that this hierarchy model performs better in detecting disciplines on academic web over that was applied previously to a similar sample set.
Promoting healthy lifestyle via mobile‐health technology for African American young adults
Authors: Yoo‐Lee EunYoung , Kim Kyung‐Sun
Published: February 2019

As part of a theory‐based project, this study reports the first phase of elicitation interviews to design and implement an effective information intervention with an emphasis on behavior changes in life style. The results of the study will be used to test the efficacy of mobile‐health (m‐Health) as a promising intervention tool for African American young adults in urban communities.
Case study on a fire within a road‐based portable bitumen storage tanker
Authors: Pittman William , Mannan M. Sam
Published: February 2019

The roofing industry makes use of bitumen to build and repair roofs of residential and commercial structures. It is therefore necessary to transport the material over roadways and into residential and light commercial areas within cities. This is oftentimes accomplished by hauling the material behind trucks in large tankers that often have capacities of a few thousand gal. The material is flammable however and emits toxic and flammable off‐gases as it ages. As such, the storage, handling, transportation, and use of this material is inherently hazardous and these road portable tankers present a hazard not only to the companies and employees that use them, but also to the communities and businesses the companies serve.

This article examines the events leading up to a fire that began within one such towed bitumen storage tanker used by a roofing company in Montreal in 2009. The incident is reviewed along with the hazards posed by these tankers. Conclusions are presented with regard to the causation of the fire based on the design of the tanker and available information. The learnings from this incident may prove helpful to other businesses that process, store, and use high molecular weight, sulfur‐containing hydrocarbon mixtures. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12038 2019
Analysis of chlorination by‐products in swimming pool water by membrane introduction mass spectrometry – Influence of water physicochemical parameters
Authors: Tsamba Lucie , Correc Olivier , Le Cloirec Pierre , Cimetière Nicolas
Published: February 2019

Rationale

Chlorine reacts in swimming pools with several compounds released by bathers to form disinfection by‐products (DBPs). Epidemiological studies have shown adverse effects on health associated with the exposure to DBPs present in indoor swimming pool atmosphere. DBPs analyses require the use of multiple techniques depending on the targeted molecules. The measurement process itself is challenging due to the low stability of several compounds and the lack of specificity of certain methods. The Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) technique provides a solution to these problems by specific and sensitive in situ measurement of DBPs. This study investigates the effect of analytical conditions on quantification of DBPs and assesses the relevance of using MIMS for reliable analysis under typical swimming pool operating conditions.

Methods

MIMS is based on the simultaneous permeation of the selected compounds from the air or water samples through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. DBPs are identified and quantified with a quadrupole analyzer after electron ionization. Limits of quantification (LOQs) of five DBPs are determined to assess the sensitivity of the system. Moreover, signal changes are monitored while varying physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH and ionic strength.

Results

The mass spectra obtained for individual molecules show that the simultaneous measurement of trihalomethanes (THMs) and chloramines requires the monitoring of several ions and mathematical corrections of the signal. The pH and ionic strength of the solution do not significantly influence the determination of THMs. On the contrary, the temperature and hydraulics at the membrane interface must be controlled for accurate determination of DBPs.

Conclusions

Results confirm that MIMS is a promising technology for the simultaneous quantification of volatile DBPs in both water and air of swimming pools. However, operating conditions such as membrane temperature should be treated with great care in order to avoid interferences.