bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social support correlates with glucocorticoid concentrations in wild African elephant orphans
Authors: Parker J. M. , Brown J. L. , Hobbs N. T. , Boisseau N. P. , Letitiya D. , Douglas-Hamilton I. , Wittemyer G.
Published: July 2022

Social relationships have physiological impacts. Here, we investigate whether loss of the mother/offspring relationship has lasting effects on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations in wild African elephant orphans several years following their mothers’ deaths. We find no difference in fGCM concentrations between orphans and nonorphans, but find lower fGCM concentrations in elephants with more age mates in their family. We also unexpectedly identify lower concentrations in orphans without their natal family versus nonorphans and natal orphans, which we speculate may be due to the development of hypocortisolism following a prolonged period without familial support. An index of plant productivity (i.e. food) shows the largest correlation with fGCM concentrations. Our findings indicate no lasting differences in glucocorticoid concentrations of surviving orphan elephants who are with their family, suggest the presence of age mates may reduce glucocorticoid concentrations in elephants, and emphasize that basic survival needs are the primary regulators of the stress response.
TCA cycle enhancement and uptake of monomeric substrates support growth of marine Roseobacter at low temperature
Authors: Wang Meng , Wang Huan , Wang Peng , Fu Hui-Hui , Li Chun-Yang , Qin Qi-Long , Liang Yantao , Wang Min , Chen Xiu-Lan , Zhang Yu-Zhong , Zhang Weipeng
Published: July 2022

Members of the marine Roseobacter group are ubiquitous in global oceans, but their cold-adaptive strategies have barely been studied. Here, as represented by Loktanella salsilacus strains enriched in polar regions, we firstly characterized the metabolic features of a cold-adapted Roseobacter by multi-omics, enzyme activities, and carbon utilization procedures. Unlike in most cold-adapted microorganisms, the TCA cycle is enhanced by accumulating more enzyme molecules, whereas genes for thiosulfate oxidation, sulfate reduction, nitrate reduction, and urea metabolism are all expressed at lower abundance when L. salsilacus was growing at 5 °C in comparison with higher temperatures. Moreover, a carbon-source competition experiment has evidenced the preferential use of glucose rather than sucrose at low temperature. This selective utilization is likely to be controlled by the carbon source uptake and transformation steps, which also reflects an economic calculation balancing energy production and functional plasticity. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of how a Roseobacter member and possibly others as well counteract polar constraints.
Combined MEK and JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibition effectively decreases SHH medulloblastoma tumor progression
Authors: Zagozewski Jamie , Borlase Stephanie , Guppy Brent J. , Coudière-Morrison Ludivine , Shahriary Ghazaleh M. , Gordon Victor , Liang Lisa , Cheng Stephen , Porter Christopher J. , Kelley Rhonda , Hawkins Cynthia , Chan Jennifer A. , Liang Yan , Gong Jingjing , Nör Carolina , Saulnier Olivier , Wechsler-Reya Robert J. , Ramaswamy Vijay , Werbowetski-Ogilvie Tamra E.
Published: July 2022

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common primary malignant pediatric brain cancer. We recently identified novel roles for the MEK/MAPK pathway in regulating human Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) MB tumorigenesis. The MEK inhibitor, selumetinib, decreased SHH MB growth while extending survival in mouse models. However, the treated mice ultimately succumbed to disease progression. Here, we perform RNA sequencing on selumetinib-treated orthotopic xenografts to identify molecular pathways that compensate for MEK inhibition specifically in vivo. Notably, the JAK/STAT3 pathway exhibits increased activation in selumetinib-treated tumors. The combination of selumetinib and the JAK/STAT3 pathway inhibitor, pacritinib, further reduces growth in two xenograft models and also enhances survival. Multiplex spatial profiling of proteins in drug-treated xenografts reveals shifted molecular dependencies and compensatory changes following combination drug treatment. Our study warrants further investigation into MEK and JAK/STAT3 inhibition as a novel combinatory therapeutic strategy for SHH MB.
Co-inhibition of ATM and ROCK synergistically improves cell proliferation in replicative senescence by activating FOXM1 and E2F1
Authors: Yang Eun Jae , Park Ji Hwan , Cho Hyun-Ji , Hwang Jeong-A , Woo Seung-Hwa , Park Chi Hyun , Kim Sung Young , Park Joon Tae , Park Sang Chul , Hwang Daehee , Lee Young-Sam
Published: July 2022

The multifaceted nature of senescent cell cycle arrest necessitates the targeting of multiple factors arresting or promoting the cell cycle. We report that co-inhibition of ATM and ROCK by KU-60019 and Y-27632, respectively, synergistically increases the proliferation of human diploid fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence through activation of the transcription factors E2F1 and FOXM1. Time-course transcriptome analysis identified FOXM1 and E2F1 as crucial factors promoting proliferation. Co-inhibition of the kinases ATM and ROCK first promotes the G2/M transition via FOXM1 activation, leading to accumulation of cells undergoing the G1/S transition via E2F1 activation. The combination of both inhibitors increased this effect more significantly than either inhibitor alone, suggesting synergism. Our results demonstrate a FOXM1- and E2F1-mediated molecular pathway enhancing cell cycle progression in cells with proliferative potential under replicative senescence conditions, and treatment with the inhibitors can be tested for senomorphic effect in vivo.
Ultrafast interfacial carrier dynamics and persistent topological surface states of Bi2Se3 in heterojunctions with VSe2
Authors: Park Tae Gwan , Jeon Jae Ho , Chun Seung-Hyun , Lee Sunghun , Rotermund Fabian
Published: July 2022

Vanadium diselenide (VSe2) has recently been highlighted as an efficient 2D electrode owing to its extra-high conductivity, thickness controllability, and van der Waals contact. However, as the electrode, applications of VSe2 to various materials are still lacking. Here, by employing ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy, we study VSe2-thickness-dependent interfacial effects in heterostructures with topological insulator Bi2Se3 that is severely affected by contact with conventional 3D electrodes. Our results show unaltered Dirac surface state of Bi2Se3 against forming junctions with VSe2, efficient ultrafast hot electron transfer from VSe2 to Bi2Se3 across the interface, shortened metastable carrier lifetimes in Bi2Se3 due to dipole interactions enabling efficient current flow, and the electronic level shift (~tens meV) of bulk states of Bi2Se3 by interfacial interactions, which is ~10 times lower compared to conventional electrodes, implying weak Fermi level pinning. Our observations confirm VSe2 as an ideal electrode for efficient Bi2Se3-based-applications with full utilization of topological insulator characteristics.
Fast magnesium ion conducting isopropylamine magnesium borohydride enhanced by hydrophobic interactions
Authors: Kristensen Lasse G. , Amdisen Mads B. , Skov Lasse N. , Jensen Torben R.
Published: July 2022

The composite Mg(BH4)2·1.5(CH3)2CHNH2 was found to have an ionic conductivity of 2.7 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 45 °C, with an activation energy of 1.22 eV. Structural investigation suggests hydrophobic interactions improve the conductivity.
Coexistence of lipid phases in multilayer phospholipid films probed by Raman mapping
Authors: Shamaeva Daria V. , Okotrub Konstantin A. , Surovtsev Nikolay V.
Published: July 2022

Raman spectroscopy of stacked phospholipid bilayers reveals the chemical and conformational composition of coexisting domains.
Detection of paracetamol binding to albumin in blood serum using 2D-IR spectroscopy
Authors: Rutherford Samantha H. , Greetham Gregory M. , Towrie Michael , Parker Anthony W. , Kharratian Soheila , Krauss Thomas F. , Nordon Alison , Baker Matthew J. , Hunt Neil T.
Published: July 2022

Two-Dimensional Infrared (2D-IR) spectroscopy is used to detect binding of paracetamol with proteins in blood serum. Quantitative peak patterns are observed indicating structural changes of the albumins' secondary structure when paracetamol bound.
Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of radical conjugated polyfluorenes
Authors: Cheng Susan , Battaglia Alicia M. , Imperiale Christian J. , Lough Alan , Wilson Mark W. B. , Seferos Dwight S.
Published: July 2022

A novel redox-active fluorene monomer is synthesized and copolymerized with 9,9-dioctylfluorene and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole via Suzuki cross-coupling to produce alternating and tertiary copolymers.
Zr4+-terephthalate MOFs with 6-connected structures, highly efficient As(iii/v) sorption and superhydrophobic properties
Authors: Pournara Anastasia D. , Rizogianni Sofia , Evangelou Dimitrios A. , Andreou Evangelos K. , Armatas Gerasimos S. , Manos Manolis J.
Published: July 2022

The utilization of terephthalate ligands with long alkyl chains resulted in the isolation of the first examples of Zr4+ terephthalate MOFs with 6-c frameworks, showing selective As(III/V) sorption and oil–water separation capability.
Controllability of β-Ga2O3 single crystal conductivity by V doping
Authors: Li Pengkun , Han Xueli , Chen Duanyang , Sai Qinglin , Qi Hongji
Published: July 2022

Strategy for realizing the tunability of the effective carrier concentration of β-Ga2O3 single crystals using V as a dopant.
Comment on “Distinct spin–lattice and spin–phonon interactions in monolayer magnetic CrI” by L. Webster, L. Liang and J.-A. Yan, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 23546
Authors: Liu Y. C. , Niu H. B. , Lin J. B.
Published: July 2022

We point out four mistakes in the symmetry classification of vibrational modes of the CrI3 monolayer at the Γ point in Webster et al.'s paper [PCCP, 2018, 20, 23546]. The discrepancy of Raman activity of A2g mode as well as the misidentification of two optical modes A1u and A2u have been clarified.
Suppressing non-radiative decay of photochromic organic molecular systems in the strong coupling regime
Authors: Couto Rafael C. , Kowalewski Markus
Published: July 2022

Strong and ultrastrong coupling via nanostructures can be considered a tool for optimizing photochromic organic molecular systems for solar cell applications.
Binary mono-anions with unprecedented anti-aromatic planar tetracoordinate carbon and nitrogen atoms
Authors: Jin Bo , Wang Zai-Ran
Published: July 2022

The binary mono-anionic planar tetracoordination in CBe4− and NBe4− possessing unusual anti-aromaticity is expected to be experimentally realized.
Gas phase acidity of water clusters
Authors: Kumar Amit , Kumar Pradeep
Published: July 2022

In the present work, we have estimated the gas-phase acidity of different water clusters, i.e., (H2O)n, n = 1–20, 30, 35, 42, 54, 80, and 100.
Superconductivity and topological states in hexagonal TaC and NbC
Authors: Li Xiang-Gui , Si Jian-Guo , Shi Lan-Ting , Liu Peng-Fei , Zhang Ping , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: July 2022

First-principles calculations are used to predict the superconductivity and topological states of a hexagonal structure of TaC and NbC, with good stability and excellent mechanical properties.
Strong-field ionization of CH3Cl: proton migration and association
Authors: Das Rituparna , Pandey Deepak K. , Soumyashree Swetapuspa , P. Madhusudhan , Nimma Vinitha , Bhardwaj Pranav , K. M. Muhammed Shameem , Singh Dheeraj K. , Kushawaha Rajesh K.
Published: July 2022

We have demonstrated the control of the two-body fragmentation of CH3Cl2+ along Hn+ (n = 1–3) and HCL+ pathways using intensity and chirp.
Deaggregation properties and transmetalation studies of a zinc(ii) salen-type Schiff-base complex
Authors: Oliveri Ivan Pietro , Consiglio Giuseppe , Munzi Gabriella , Failla Salvatore , Di Bella Santo
Published: July 2022

A Lewis acidic zinc(ii) Schiff-base complex exhibits deaggregation properties. The monomeric adducts undergo transmetalation with divalent ions of the first transition series depending on the nature of the solvent and the counteranion.
Application of a gut–liver-on-a-chip device and mechanistic modelling to the quantitative in vitro pharmacokinetic study of mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Milani Nicoló , Parrott Neil , Ortiz Franyuti Daniela , Godoy Patricio , Galetin Aleksandra , Gertz Michael , Fowler Stephen
Published: July 2022

Gut–liver MPS offer attractive opportunities to study absorption and metabolism processes for orally administered drugs, especially prodrugs. Modelling and simulation must be included from the outset for robust study design and parameter generation.
Introduction to the themed collection on Covalent Drug Discovery
Authors: Backus Keriann M. , Pan Zhengying , Jones Lyn H.
Published: July 2022

Guest editors Keriann Backus, Zhengying Pan and Lyn Jones introduce the themed collection on Covalent Drug Discovery.
Selective detection of Cu2+ ions using a mercaptobenzothiazole disulphide modified carbon paste electrode and bismuth as adjuvant: a theoretical and electrochemical study
Authors: Flores-Álvarez José Manuel , Cortés-Arriagada Diego , Gómez-Sandoval Zeferino , Jayaprakash Gururaj Kudur , Ceballos-Magaña Silvia Guillermina , Muñiz-Valencia Roberto , Rojas-Montes Jaime Cristobal , Pineda-Urbina Kayim
Published: July 2022

Bismuth adsorbed on the MBTS-modified surface facilitates the mass and charge transfer necessary for copper's selective sensing.
One-pot synthesis of 4-substituted 2-fluoroalkyloxazoles from NH-1,2,3-triazoles and fluoroalkylated acid anhydrides
Authors: Motornov Vladimir , Beier Petr
Published: July 2022

An efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of 2-fluoroalkyloxazoles from 4-substituted NH-1,2,3-triazoles, fluorinated anhydrides and triethylamine was developed.
Fabrication of nitrogen-enriched carbon dots with green fluorescence for enzyme-free detection of uric acid
Authors: Wang Fengxiang , Chai Xinyue , Fu Xinyang , Mao Guojiang , Wang Hua
Published: July 2022

Based on the fact that UA directly quenched the green fluorescence of NCDs prepared at RT, a non-invasive sensor was developed.
Comparative density functional studies of BiMO3 polymorphs (M = Al, Ga, In) based on LDA, GGA, and meta-GGA functionals
Authors: Płowaś-Korus Iwona , Kaczkowski Jakub
Published: July 2022

The meta-GGA functionals, MS2 and SCAN, are the only approximations that correctly describe the crystallographic ground-state of BiMO3 (M = Al, Ga, In).
Electron–phonon relaxation at the Au/WSe2 interface is significantly accelerated by a Ti adhesion layer: time-domain ab initio analysis
Authors: Lu Teng-Fei , Gumber Shriya , Tokina Marina V. , Tomko John A. , Hopkins Patrick E. , Prezhdo Oleg V.
Published: July 2022

On introduction of a thin Ti adhesion layer at the Au/WSe2 interface, the electron–phonon coupling strengthens which results in accelerated excited charge carrier relaxation.
Lateral transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures for high efficiency thermoelectric devices
Authors: Bharadwaj Sathwik , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin , Ram-Mohan L. R.
Published: July 2022

Monolayer mosaic lateral transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures outperform their pristine counterparts in terms of thermoelectric efficiency by five times, paving the way for ultra-efficient planar thermoelectric devices.
Atomic force microscopy probing interactions and microstructures of ionic liquids at solid surfaces
Authors: An Rong , Laaksonen Aatto , Wu Muqiu , Zhu Yudan , Shah Faiz Ullah , Lu Xiaohua , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: July 2022

This review showcases the recent progress of atomic force microscopy in clarifying the interactions of ionic liquids with solid interfaces at the nanoscale to understand the microstructure and mechanisms.
Fully biobased triblock copolymers generated using an unconventional oscillatory plug flow reactor
Authors: Den Haese Milan , Gemoets Hannes P. L. , Van Aken Koen , Pitet Louis M.
Published: July 2022

Producing block polymers in continuous flow offers significant advantages in terms of versatility, efficiency and scalability.
Oscillatory patterns in redox gradient materials through wireless bipolar electrochemistry. The dynamic wave-like case of copper bipolar oxidation
Authors: Fuentes-Rodríguez L. , Pujades E. , Fraxedas J. , Crespi A. , Xu K. , Abad L. , Casañ-Pastor N.
Published: July 2022

Oscillating patterns in copper oxidation through Wireless bipolar electrochemistry due to resistance changes.
Identification of novel functional mini-receptors by combinatorial screening of split-WW domains
Authors: Neitz Hermann , Paul Niels Benjamin , Häge Florian R. , Lindner Christina , Graebner Roman , Kovermann Michael , Thomas Franziska
Published: July 2022

A combinatorial approach toward novel functional WW domains based on coiled-coil-mediated reconstitution of split WW domains is presented. As such, an ATP-binding WW domain was found from a 4-by-6 library of N- and C-terminal WW domain fragments.
Tuning assembly structures of hard shapes in confinement via interface curvature
Authors: Skye Rachael S. , Teich Erin G. , Dshemuchadse Julia
Published: July 2022

The curvature of a confining wall changes the assembly structure of tetrahedral particles by influencing the preferred local environment.
A lightweight hardware‐efficient recurrent network for video super‐resolution
Authors: Mo Yannan , Chen Dihu , Su Tao
Published: July 2022

Recent studies in the field of video super‐resolution (VSR) have taken great advantage of neural networks and achieved remarkable performance. However, current neural network‐based VSR methods have the following two limitations: (1) sophisticated models usually have high computational overhead and require large caches to store intermediate feature maps and parameters. (2) Bidirectional RNN‐based methods cannot perform VSR until a complete video sequence is available because of the back‐propagation of hidden states. The above two shortcomings make the existing VSR models hard to achieve real‐time VSR. To reduce the computational complexity of the network, the authors propose a lightweight hardware‐efficient recurrent neural network model, LERN, which is combined with depthwise separable convolution and pixel unshuffle. An SRA block is also introduced to help the model get better VSR performance. In order to wisely exploit video inter‐frame information without causing the back propagation of hidden states, the authors introduce a new recurrent architecture that is optimized for video sequences. Besides, the authors design a quantization algorithm to find the optimal fixed‐point representations for each layer. Experimental results demonstrate that LERN can achieve excellent performance with low overhead.
The impact of phase sequence exchange on relay protection and its resolution schemes
Authors: Li Hui , Li Yifan , Huang Shaofeng , Sun Peng , Gao Qi
Published: July 2022

Phase sequence exchange (PSE) is a recently developed emergency control technology that uses power electronic devices to quickly change the original phase sequence connection mode of the transmission line from A‐A', B‐B', and C‐C' to A‐C', B‐A', and C‐B', thereby instantly reducing the power angle by 120° to prevent the system from falling out‐of‐step. Here, a comprehensive investigative analysis of the impact of PSE on the protection performance is presented. It is shown that PSE will cause the current differential protection and zero‐sequence current protection to maloperate, and the circuit breaker must be re‐matched after PSE. To solve these problems, it is proposed to install the PSE device between the transformer and the bus‐bar and equip it with independent protection, and protection action resolution schemes are proposed. Finally, based on the RTDS platform, a dynamic simulation test was carried out using a PSE prototype, and the results verify the impact of PSE on protection, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed resolution schemes.
Revisiting viscous transonic decretion disks of Be stars
Authors: Curé Michel , Meneses Rodrigo , Araya Ignacio , Arcos Catalina , Peña Greco , Machuca Natalia , Rodriguez Abigali
Published: July 2022

Aims. In the context of Be stars, we re-studied the viscous transonic decretion disk model of these stars. This model is driven by a radiative force due to an ensemble of optically thin lines and viscosity considering the Shakura–Sunyaev prescription.

Methods. The nonlinear equation of motion presents a singularity (sonic point) and an eigenvalue, which is also the initial condition at the stellar surface. Then, to obtain this eigenvalue, we set it as a radial quantity and performed a detailed topological analysis. We describe a numerical method for solving either nodal or saddle transonic solutions.

Results. The value of the viscosity α barely determines the location of the sonic point, but it determines the topology of the solution. We found two nodal solutions, which are almost indistinguishable. Saddle solutions were found for lower values of α than required for the nodal solutions. In addition, rotational velocity does not play a determinate role in the velocity (and density) profile, because the viscosity effects collapse all the solutions to almost a unique one in a small region above the stellar surface.

Conclusions. A suitable combination of line-force parameters and/or disk temperature gives the location of the sonic point lower than 50 stellar radii, describing a truncated disk. This could explain the SED turn-down observed in Be stars without needing a binary companion.
Hausärztliche Medizin im digitalen Zeitalter: Szenarien und
Empfehlungen
Authors: Spöhrer Kristina , Buhr Eike , Hein Andreas , Schweda Mark , Scherer Martin
Published: July 2022

Ziel Der Beitrag nimmt die Situation der hausärztlichen Medizin im
digitalen Zeitalter in den Blick, um künftige Entwicklungsperspektiven
zu erörtern und Handlungsmöglichkeiten aufzuzeigen.

Methodik Es wurde ein strukturierter Verständigungsprozess unter
Einbeziehung relevanter Stakeholder-Perspektiven durchgeführt, der sich
konzeptioneller Ansätze und methodischer Elemente der Szenario-Technik
bediente. Diese Technik ermöglicht auf der Grundlage einer empirisch
informierten Analyse gegenwärtiger Sachlagen und Entwicklungstrends die
Formulierung von Zukunftsszenarien und die Ableitung praktischer
Handlungsempfehlungen.

Ergebnisse In Verlängerung gegenwärtiger Tendenzen im
Bereich der Ärzteschaft, der Patientinnen und Patienten, der technischen
Entwicklung und des Gesundheitswesens wurden ein Best- und ein
Worst-Case-Szenario zur hausärztlichen Medizin im Jahr 2050 entwickelt.
Aus der Analyse und Erörterung der Szenarien ließen sich
Handlungsempfehlungen für die Gegenwart ableiten.

Schlussfolgerung Ausgehend von den entwickelten Szenarien formulieren wir
zwölf Empfehlungen zur künftigen Stärkung einer
hausärztlich-zentrierten Medizin, die eine flächendeckende,
digital unterstützte holistisch-patientenorientierte
Gesundheitsversorgung ermöglicht.
Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Zufriedenheit mit der
Unterkunft und der psychischen Gesundheit Geflüchteter in Deutschland?
– Eine Querschnittstudie
Authors: Schönfeld Simone , Sauzet Odile , Razum Oliver
Published: July 2022

Hintergrund Lärm und fehlende Privatsphäre in
Unterkünften wirken sich möglicherweise negativ auf die
psychische Gesundheit der Geflüchteten aus. Es wird untersucht, ob sich
Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zufriedenheit mit bestimmten
Unterkunftsmerkmalen in Einzel- und Gemeinschaftsunterkünften und der
psychischen Gesundheit nachweisen lassen.

Methode Basis ist die IAB-BAMF-SOEP Befragung aus Deutschland 2016
(n=4491 Geflüchtete). Mittels linearer Regressionsmodelle wird
der Zusammenhang zwischen der psychischen Gesundheit und des Unterkunftstyps
(Einzelunterkunft/Gemeinschaftsunterkunft) als auch der Zufriedenheit
mit der Unterkunft
(allgemein/Essensqualität/Geräuschpegel/Privatsphäre/Freizeitangebote/Anbindung
an den öffentlichen
Nahverkehr/Sicherheit/Deutschkursangebote) geprüft. Es
wird für soziodemographische Faktoren, potenziell traumatische
Erlebnisse vor Ankunft in Deutschland und postmigrantische Expositionen
(u. a. Asylstatus) adjustiert.

Ergebnisse In beiden Unterkunftstypen fand sich eine große
Heterogenität hinsichtlich der untersuchten Merkmale.
Geflüchtete mit einer schlechten psychischen Gesundheit lebten
signifikant häufiger in Gemeinschaftsunterkünften. Wurde
für die genannten Kovariablen kontrolliert, verschwand der Zusammenhang.
Die weiteren acht Unterkunftsmerkmale blieben signifikant mit einer schlechteren
psychischen Gesundheit assoziiert. Die größten Effekte auf die
mentale Gesundheit waren bei den Merkmalen Zufriedenheit mit der Sicherheit,
Privatsphäre und allgemeine Zufriedenheit zu beobachten. Hier belief
sich der Unterschied zwischen Personen, die kaum zufrieden waren, verglichen mit
Personen die sehr zufrieden waren, auf 5–6 Punkte auf der psychischen
Summenskala des SF-12.

Schlussfolgerung Internationale Ergebnisse zum Zusammenhang zwischen
Unterkunftsbedingungen und der psychischen Gesundheit von Geflüchteten
wurden für Deutschland bestätigt. Daraus ergibt sich ein
erhöhter Bedarf an psychischer Gesundheitsversorgung in subjektiv
schlechteren Unterkünften. Zur Identifikation von kritischen
Unterkünften sind Fragen nach der Zufriedenheit (v. a.
Sicherheit, Privatsphäre und allgemeine Zufriedenheit) besser geeignet
als die Einteilung in Einzel- oder Gemeinschaftsunterkünfte, da letztere
sehr unterschiedlich bewertet wurden. Screening-Instrumente für
Unterkünfte können helfen, problematische Unterkünfte zu
identifizieren. Eine umgekehrte Kausalität ist jedoch nicht
abschließend auszuschließen.
Interdisziplinäre Perspektiven zur Bedeutung der
Aerosolübertragung für das Infektionsgeschehen von
SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Held Andreas , Dellweg Dominic , Köhler Dieter , Pfaender Stephanie , Scheuch Gerhard , Schumacher Stefan , Steinmann Eike , Weingartner Ernest , Weinzierl Bernadett , Asbach Christof
Published: July 2022

Die Bedeutung der Aerosolübertragung für das Severe Acute
Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) wurde anfangs kontrovers
diskutiert. Mit der Zeit haben sich zur Infektionsminderung jedoch neben
Abstands- und Hygieneregeln auch aerosolphysikalisch begründete
Maßnahmen wie das Tragen von Gesichtsmasken und Lüftung von
Innenräumen als effektiv erwiesen. In einem interdisziplinären
Workshop „Aerosol & SARS-CoV-2“ der Gesellschaft
für Aerosolforschung (GAeF) in Kooperation mit der Deutschen
Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin (DGP), dem Fachverband
Allgemeine Lufttechnik im VDMA, der Gesellschaft für Virologie (GfV),
der Gesundheitstechnischen Gesellschaft (GG) und der International Society for
Aerosols in Medicine (ISAM) unter der Schirmherrschaft des Robert-Koch-Instituts
(RKI) im März 2021 wurde der Forschungs- und Abstimmungsbedarf zu diesem
Thema aufgegriffen. Wesentliche Grundlagen aus den verschiedenen Disziplinen
sowie interdisziplinäre Perspektiven zur Aerosolübertragung von
SARS-CoV-2 und zu infektionsmindernden Maßnahmen werden hier
zusammengefasst. Abschließend werden offene Forschungsfragen und
dringender Forschungsbedarf dargestellt.
The Diagnosis of Normocalcaemic Hyperparathyroidism is Strikingly
Dissimilar Using Different Commercial Laboratory Assays
Authors: Kalaria Tejas , Fenn Jonathan , Sanders Anna , Yates Alexandra , Duff Christopher , Ashby Helen , Mohammed Pervaz , Ford Clare , Gama Rousseau
Published: July 2022

We assessed the impact of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and adjusted calcium
analyses on Abbott, Roche and Siemens analytical platforms in the diagnosis of
normocalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NCPHPT). These assays are used by
over 85% of clinical laboratories in the UK. Over five months,
consecutive serum samples from outpatients with NCPHPT in the laboratory with
Abbott assays were identified, aliquoted and stored at –80°C.
Frozen aliquots were transported monthly to the other two laboratories. After
thawing, samples were mixed and analysed immediately for calcium, albumin and
iPTH in the laboratories with Abbott, Roche and Siemens analytical platforms.
Adjusted calcium was calculated using the equation used in the respective
laboratory. Diagnostic concordance of iPTH and adjusted calcium were assessed
using manufacturer-provided assay-specific reference intervals and the pathology
harmony reference interval respectively. Fifty-five patients with NCPHPT were
identified using Abbott assays. Of these, 16 (29.1%) and 11
(20.0%) had NCPHPT, 9 (16.4%) and 13 (23.6%) had
hypercalcaemic primary hyperparathyroidism, and 30 (54.6%) and 31
(56.4%) patients had normal results when analysed in laboratories with
Roche and Siemens assays, respectively. The diagnosis of NCPHPT was strikingly
different depending on the commercial assay used. There is a pressing need for
iPTH assay harmonisation and robust reference intervals. Reference intervals may
become invalid if an assay drifts, as exemplified by adjusted calcium in this
study.
Correlation of Serum Estradiol with Bone Mineral Density and Bone
Metabolism in Patients of Postmenopausal Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with
Osteoporosis
Authors: Yang Fan , Xu Qiangwei
Published: July 2022

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis, is a systemic
metabolic disease that affects postmenopausal women. This disease is closely
related to the lack of estrogen. This study aims to demonstrate the correlation
between serum estradiol (E2) levels and osteoporosis, bone mineral density, and
bone metabolism indicators in postmenopausal women with T2DM complicated with
osteoporosis (T2DM-OP). 130 postmenopausal women with T2DM were divided into the
T2DM group (n=62) and the T2DM-OP group (n=68) according to bone
mineral density (BMD). In addition, 80 postmenopausal women with average blood
glucose and bone density were selected as the healthy control group. We compare
the serum levels of E2, bone metabolism indicators, and biochemistry indexes
among the three groups of participants. Compared with the healthy control and
T2DM groups, the BMD and serum level of E2 in T2DM-OP patients were
significantly decreased, while the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase,
type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, osteocalcin, and
β-collagen C-terminal collagen cross-links were significantly increased.
The serum levels of E2 in the postmenopausal T2DM-OP patients are positively
correlated with BMD and negatively correlated with bone resorption
indicators.
The Effect of Scapular Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
Techniques on Pain and Functionality in Patients with Subacromial Impingement
Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Akgüller Tuğba , Akbaba Yıldız Analay , Taşkıran Hanifegül
Published: July 2022

Objective To determine the effectiveness of scapular proprioceptive
neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques in patients with subacromial
impingement syndrome (SIS).

Methods 36 patients were randomized and a 6-week exercise program was
applied to both groups 2 days a week. PNF group also received rhythmic
initiation and repeated stretch PNF techniques in 2 scapula diagonals. Pain and
function were primary outcomes. Active range of motion (ROM), pain pressure
threshold (PPT), active myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), scapular dyskinesis,
anxiety and depression status were secondary outcomes.

Results The improvement in function, internal rotation ROM, PPT, active
MTrPs and patient satisfaction was significantly greater in PNF group than
exercise group (p<0.05). Scapular dyskinesis improved only in PNF group
(p<0.05). Significant improvement in pain, function, ROM, PPT, active
MTrPs, anxiety and depression was found in both groups (p<0.05).

Conclusions Both scapular PNF techniques and standard exercise program are
effective in the treatment of SIS. However, scapular PNF techniques can be added
to the exercise program to further improve function, ROM, PPT, active MTrPs,
scapular dyskinesis, and patient satisfaction.
Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperactivation in Diabetic Complications Induced by Glycemic Variability
Authors: Huang Ye , Yue Long , Qiu Jiahuang , Gao Ming , Liu Sijin , Wang Jingshang
Published: July 2022

The development and progression of the complications of chronic diabetes mellitus are attributed not only to increased blood glucose levels but also to glycemic variability. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the role of glycemic variability in the development of diabetic complications may provide more insight into targeted clinical treatment strategies in the future. Previously, the mechanisms implicated in glycemic variability-induced diabetic complications have been comprehensively discussed. However, endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation, which are two newly recognized critical pathogenic factors, have not been fully elucidated yet. In this review, we first evaluate the assessment of glycemic variability and then summarise the roles of endothelial dysfunction and platelet hyperactivation in glycemic variability-induced complications of diabetes, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved and their interconnections.
Synthesis of Sulfonylated Cinchona Alkaloids via Zinc-Mediated Sulfonylation of the N-Oxides of the Quinoline Groups
Authors: Han Fu-She , Zhou Jie , Gu Cheng-Yu
Published: July 2022

A general and practical method for the synthesis of sulfonylated cinchona alkaloids is presented. The reactions are carried out via Zn-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the N-oxides of the quinoline core in cinchona alkaloids with a range of sulfonyl chlorides. By careful optimization of the reaction parameters and the procedure, both aromatic and aliphatic sulfonyl chlorides react efficiently with the N-oxides to afford the corresponding sulfonylated products in high yields. In addition, the reaction can be reliably scaled up to gram level. As a result, this method provides a practical route for the synthesis of new cinchona alkaloid derivatives that might be potentially useful compounds, particularly in asymmetric catalysis.
Synthesis of Shape-Persistent meta-Arylene-Butadiynylene Macrocycles with a Different Ring Size
Authors: Pigulski Bartłomiej , Szafert Sławomir , Gulia Nurbey , Małecki Marcin , Pawelczyk Dorota
Published: July 2022

A series of meta-phenylene-butadiynylene macrocycles was obtained by homocoupling of terminal bis(ethynyl) precursors using Eglinton conditions. Cyclotetramers and cyclopentamers were isolated from the mixture. However, a hexameric analogue was synthesized using a step-by-step approach. Molecular structures of the resulting macrocycles obtained by X-ray single-crystal analysis manifest conformational diversity, indicating significant flexibility of the meta-arylene-butadiynylene macrocycle conjugated skeleton.
Brain–Computer Interfaces for Awareness Detection, Auxiliary Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Rehabilitation in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness
Authors: Pan Jiahui , Xiao Jun , Wang Jing , Wang Fei , Li Jingcong , Qiu Lina , Di Haibo , Li Yuanqing
Published: July 2022

In recent years, neuroimaging studies have remarkably demonstrated the presence of cognitive motor dissociation in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC). These findings accelerated the development of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) as clinical tools for behaviorally unresponsive patients. This article reviews the recent progress of BCIs in patients with DoC and discusses the open challenges. In view of the practical application of BCIs in patients with DoC, four aspects of the relevant literature are introduced: consciousness detection, auxiliary diagnosis, prognosis, and rehabilitation. For each aspect, the paradigm design, brain signal processing methods, and experimental results of representative BCI systems are analyzed. Furthermore, this article provides guidance for BCI design for patients with DoC and discusses practical challenges for future research.
Harmonic Scalpel Hemorrhoidectomy—Open versus Closed: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nagaraju Jagdeesh , Thakur Dileep S. , Somashekar Uday , Verma Amrendra , Kothari Reena , Sharma Dhananjay
Published: July 2022

Background

Hemorrhoids are one of the frequent presenting complaints in the surgical outpatient department of any hospital. Multiple options are available for the treatment of these based on the grade. Recently, there are many varieties of energy devices being tried for hemorrhoidectomy to decrease the postoperative pain and achieve better hemostasis intraoperatively. This study represented an effort to compare open versus closed method of harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy to determine the differences in terms of operative time, hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, pain, and other complications.

Method

A total of 40 patients, 20 each in open and closed method harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy, were followed up for 6 weeks postoperatively. Early and late outcomes were compared. Incontinence if any was measured with Vaizey incontinence score.

Result

There was significant prolonging of operative time in closed method (30.25 ± 5.49 vs. 22.0 ± 4.70). Postoperative pain was significantly more in open method group compared with closed on days 1, 3, 7, and 21. There was no significant difference between groups in terms of hospital stay, postoperative bleeding, and complications.

Conclusion

Leaving mucosa open after hemorrhoidal tissue excision is comparable to closed in terms of safety complication and is cost effective in terms of operative times and utility of suture materials at the expense of need for analgesics.
The In-Vitro Effect of Homeopathically Prepared Rubus idaeus and 680 nm Laser Irradiation on Cervical Cancer Cells
Authors: Joubert Kelley S. , George Blassan P. , Razlog Radmila , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: July 2022

Background Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cancer in women and is the most common in those aged 15 to 44 years. Medicinal plant extracts have been used as homeopathic preparations for health benefits. Rubus idaeus (RI) is used to treat disorders of the female genital tract and produces cytotoxic effects. However, the use of homeopathically prepared RI in combination with low level laser therapy has not previously been explored.

Aim The study aims to investigate the in-vitro effects of homeopathically prepared RI alone and in combination as a potential photosensitizer with Low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) at fluencies of 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2.

Methods HeLa CC cells were treated with RI (D3, D6, and 30cH homeopathic preparations). Cells were then treated with RI IC50 and 680 nm laser diode at 5, 10, and 15 J/cm2 fluencies, and the results compared with untreated control cells. Trypan blue viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) cytotoxicity, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) proliferation assays were used to analyze the cellular dose-responses along with inverted microscopy, Hoechst staining and Annexin-V/PI staining.

Results RI D3 alone demonstrated an ability to reduce cellular viability to 59% and also to reduce ATP levels. The subsequent combined treatment protocol of RI D3 with all fluencies of laser demonstrated an increase in cellular ATP and increased LDH levels compared with the control.

Conclusion The increased ATP and LDH levels observed in the combined treatment protocol of 680 nm laser and RI D3 at fluencies of 5, 10 and 15 J/cm2, show that the Warburg effect might have been induced in the CC cells – an increase in glucose uptake and the preferential production of lactate, even in the presence of oxygen. More research, including work on other cell lines, needs to be conducted to identify if RI and perhaps a different wavelength of laser irradiation could have potential in inducing cell death in cancer cells.
The Clinicopathological Profile of Breast Cancer in Young Women from a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Shet Dinesh , Gatty Rohan Chandra , Shetty Arpitha , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: July 2022

Background Increasing number of young breast cancer patients are seen in India and many of these young breast cancer patients are considered to have more aggressive disease biology.

Aim The aim of this article was to study the clinicopathological profile of breast cancer patients in the young and older patients to understand the difference between these two groups.

Methods This was a retrospective study conducted on 421 breast cancer patients.

Results Total of 421 breast cancer patients were studied, out of which 158 patients were less than or equal to 40 years age group and 263 patients were in more than or equal to 50 years age group. Commonest T stage on presentation was T2, which was seen 56.32% of young breast cancer patients and in 64.64% of older patients. Higher nodal spread was seen in younger patients when compared with older patients (p-value = 0.00001). Older group patients had significant decline from anatomical to pathological prognostic stage group compared with younger group (29 vs. 13.29%; p-value = 0.00001). Grade 3 tumors were seen in 58.23% of younger patients and 22.05% of older patients (p-value = 0.00001). Triple-negative breast cancer was seen more commonly in younger group compared with older group (p-value = 0.0088).

Conclusions Significant number of breast cancer patients present in younger age group in India. Younger breast cancer patients tend to have higher grade tumors and triple-negative breast cancer is common in younger age groups. Pathological prognostic stage grouping appears clinically more relevant than anatomical stage groups.
Catheter Lock Anchor Technique for Placement of Retrogradely Tunneled Implantable Ports
Authors: Lingegowda Dayananda , Gupta Bharat , Gehani Anisha , Sen Saugata , Ghosh Priya
Published: July 2022

Purpose Groshong valved catheters require retrograde tunneling and a port chamber needs to be attached to the catheter after trimming. During this process, working space constraints are generally faced by operators. We describe a novel technique to improve the comfort of the operator while working in a constrained space.

Materials and Methods The port catheter with the distal valve is retrogradely tunneled and trimmed. Thread from absorbable surgical suture is used to anchor the catheter lock. Anchored catheter lock is comfortably pushed over the catheter into the subcutaneous tunnel without it being migrated proximally. Once the port chamber is attached to the catheter, the catheter lock is retrieved back and moved to the locking position. We retrospectively analyzed implantable ports for smoothness of curves and outcomes in terms of catheter days.

Results Technical success was achieved in all patients. There were no periprocedural complications. Clinical success was achieved in 27/29 cases. Early port removal was done due to infection in one patient and for nonhealing of the wound in one patient.

Conclusion The catheter lock anchor is a safe and useful technique for the placement of valved ports. A satisfactory catheter-nut angle can be achieved with this technique.
Is Percutaneous Screw Fixation with 6.5 mm Cannulated Cancellous Screws a Viable Option in Pelvic Ring Fractures?
Authors: Vidyarthi Ashok , Gulati Yash
Published: July 2022

Background

Historically, internal fixation in pelvic ring fractures has been proven to be better in outcome than both external fixation and conservative management. In an attempt to overcome the morbidity of extensile surgical approaches, percutaneous fixation of the pelvis has been receiving increasing attention. The aim of the study was to assess the functional outcome in patients with pelvic ring fractures treated with percutaneous screw fixation.

Methods

The study included 12 patients of pelvic ring fracture admitted at NSCB medical college, Jabalpur (Madhya Pradesh) from December 2019 to October 2021, all treated percutaneously with cannulated cancellous screw fixation. Four patients had Tiles type C1 injury, 4 patients with type C2, 2 with type B1 and 2 with type A2 injury. Functional assessment was done using the Majeed Scoring system at preoperative, at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively.

Results

Functional outcome score at 3-month follow-up was poor in 8% patients, fair in 8% patients, good in 33.3% patients, and excellent in 50% patients. Pain was the most frequent complaint on follow-up.

Conclusion

Fixation of acute pelvic ring injuries with 6.5 mm cc screws using percutaneous technique offers favorable functional outcome and can be performed in hemodynamically unstable patients.
The Optimal Choice of Technique for Stereotactic Radiosurgery—A LINAC-Based Dosimetric Study between DCA, DCA-SSO, DCA-SSO-VDR, and VMAT
Authors: Venugopal Ramya , S. Sowmya Narayanan , Tiwari Richa , Narayanan Geeta S. , Vishwanathan Bhaskar
Published: July 2022

Introduction Advanced radiation therapy delivery techniques require greater understanding of various planning sequences and methods. The aim of this study is to determine a class solution that finds the best possible technique to deliver for stereotactic radiosurgery between dynamic conformal arc (DCA) techniques using various options such as DCA, DCA + SSO (segment shape optimization), and DCA + SSO + VDR (variable dose rate) using noncoplanar beam arrangement and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using coplanar beams.

Materials and Methods In this dosimetric study, 11 brain cases were retrospectively planned for various techniques and analyzed for the Paddick conformity index (CI), Radiation Therapy Oncology Group homogeneity index (HI), Paddick gradient index (GI), treatment time in terms of monitor units (MU) and normal brain dose (V12Gy). The paired t-test was performed to know the statistical significance between the techniques.

Results In terms of CI, GI, and control of the normal brain dose, the VMAT plan was superior to other techniques. But, HI was found to be better with DCA. Above all, VMAT delivered higher MU than any other technique. The p-values between DCA + SSO and DCA, DCA + SSO + VDR and DCA + SSO, and VMAT and DCA + SSO + VDR are as follows: CI: 0.0004, 0.015, and 0.03; GI: 0.03, 0.33, and 0.29; HI: 0.008, 0.04, and 0.06; V12 Gy of normal brain: 0.1, 0.01, 0.38. VMAT requires approximately 41 ± 17% more MU than DCA + SSO + VDR.

Conclusion VMAT using coplanar beams is preferable among all the techniques, considering the dosimetric parameters studied. If VMAT is not available in the facility, DCA + SSO + VDR technique using non coplanar beams can be used to deliver SRS treatment.
A Study to Evaluate Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) in Patients with Ovarian Masses
Authors: Aafreen Asna , Pankaj Aprajita , Pankaj Apoorv
Published: July 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA) in premenopausal patients with ovarian masses.

Materials and Methods A mixed observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, from the month of June 2017 to March 2018. In this study, premenopausal females with ovarian masses, satisfying the inclusion criteria, were evaluated for the purpose of preoperative analysis.

Results In premenopausal females, ROMA less than 11.4% is normal and more than or equal to 1.4% is increased. Considering histopathology reports as the gold standard, significant association was present between ROMA score and premenopausal status.

Conclusion ROMA includes two recognized markers that are being used in the current scenario for the purpose of preoperative risk assessment of ovarian cancer, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4). CA125 has been shown to be elevated in most ovarian cancer cells but has a low specificity for ovarian malignancies. HE4 is a recently developed biomarker that is elevated in ovarian cancers, as well as few other cancers, and has been shown to have higher specificity than CA125. Combining CA125 and HE4 provides a relatively more accurate prediction of malignancy than either test alone. ROMA culminates the benefits of the combined CA125 and HE4 biomarkers along with menopausal status to help assign a numeric risk stratification of malignancy in cases of ovarian tumors.