bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yetişkin Profesyonel Erkek Futbolcuların Hedonik Açlık ve Beslenme Durumlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Can Selim , Saka Mendane
Published: November 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma; yüksek şiddetli uzun süreli egzersiz yapan profesyonel futbolcular ile sedanter kontrol grubunun hedonik açlık ve beslenme durumlarını belirleyerek fiziksel aktivitenin hedonik açlığa etkisini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın örneklem grubunu Aralık 2018- Mart 2019 tarihleri arasında Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu 1. Lig takımlarından birinde oynayan profesyonel 25 futbolcu ve aynı takımda çalışan 25 sedanter erkek olmak üzere 18-35 yaş arası toplam 50 sağlıklı birey oluşturmuştur. Ayrıca sporcu grubu kendi içerisinde fiziksel olarak aktif ve inaktif oldukları (devre arası tatil dönemi) dönem olarak ikiye ayrılmış ve sonuçlar araştırma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bireylerin hedonik açlık durumları Besin Gücü Ölçeği (BGÖ) ile saptanmıştır. Beş maddelik bir Likert ölçeği ile cevaplandırılan BGÖ’nün değerlendirme aşamasında toplam ve alt grup puanları 1-5 puan arasında değerlendirilmiştir. Beş puan üzerinden yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda ölçek puanlarının ortalama 2.5’un üzerine çıkması hedonik açlığın varlığını ve besinden etkilenildiğini ifade etmektedir.

Bulgular: Futbolcu (aktif dönem-inaktif dönem) ve sedanter grubun BGÖ ortalama toplam puanları sırasıyla 3.0±0.62, 2.5±0.55, 2.4±0.56 olarak bulunmuştur. BGÖ toplam puanı ile “besin bulunabilirliği” ve “besinlerin tadına bakılması” alt grup ortalama puanlarının futbolcu aktif grubunda sedanter gruba göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Futbolcu grubunun aktif döneminde BGÖ toplam puanı ve tüm alt grup puanlarının inaktif oldukları döneme göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Futbolcularda hedonik açlığın ve besinden etkilenmenin sedanter bireylere göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Bireylerin vücut kompozisyonu ile BGÖ toplam puanı arasındaki ilişki futbolcuların aktif döneminde ve sedanter grupta negatif ilişkili bulunurken; futbolcuların inaktif döneminde pozitif ilişkili saptanmıştır (p>0.05).

Sonuç: Bu çalışma, uzun süreli ve yoğun egzersizin hedonik süreçler üzerinde etkili olabileceğinin bir göstergesi olabilir. Ancak bu konuya ilişkin literatürdeki çelişkili bulgular nedeni ile olası etkileşimi anlamak için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir.
Bariatrik Cerrahi Sonrası Bireylerin İştah Kontrolü ve Yeme Bağımlılıklarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Müftüoğlu Selen , Küçükağdaş Şevval
Published: November 2019

Amaç: Bu çalışma, bariatrik cerrahi geçirmiş bireylerin iştah kontrolü ve yeme bağımlılıklarının değerlendirilmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya bariatrik cerrahi geçirmiş 400 birey dahil edilmiştir. Bireylerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri, beslenme alışkanlıkları, bariatrik cerrahi hakkındaki bilgi ve deneyimleri incelenmiştir. Bireylere ‘Aşırı Besin İsteği Ölçeği’ (ABİS) ve ‘Duygusal İştah Anketi’ (DİA) uygulanarak sonuçlar değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 37.6±8.6 yıl olan 334 kadın (%83.5) ve 66 erkek (%16.5) birey çalışmaya katılmıştır. Kadın ve erkek katılımcıların beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) ortalamaları sırasıyla 28.6±5.9 kg/m2 ve 29.6±6.1 kg/m2’dir. Katılımcıların %63.2’sinin daha sağlıklı olmak amacıyla vücut ağırlığı kaybettikleri belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %87.8’inin Sleeve Gastrektomi yöntemi ile bariatrik cerrahi geçirdiği ve geçirilen bariatrik cerrahi ameliyatı üzerinden geçen sürenin ortalama 20.0±17.3 ay olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyete göre bariatrik cerrahi öncesi zayıflama çayları/tozları/ilaçları kullanımı, hastalık durumları ve zayıflama isteğindeki amaçlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılıklar saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Katılımcıların vücut ağırlığı değerleri (r=0.131, p=0.009) ve ana öğün sayıları (r=0.160, p=0.001) arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin arttığı, fiziksel aktivite yaptıkları gün sayısı arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin azaldığı saptanmıştır (r=0.264, p=0.000). Ayrıca katılımcıların ABİS toplam puan değerleri arttıkça DİA olumsuz toplam puan değerlerinin de arttığı belirlenmiştir (r=0.448, p=0.000).

Sonuç: Bariatrik cerrahi ve iştah kontrolü arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi, bu hastaların iştah kontrollerini sağlayabilmeleri ve ileriki dönemde geri ağırlık kazanımının engellenmesi için oldukça önemlidir.
Farklı Diyet Modellerinin Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Ayyıldız Feride , Yıldıran Hilal
Published: November 2019

Son dönemde popüler bir konu haline gelen bağırsak mikrobiyotası günümüzde vücudun bir organı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yaş, genetik, beslenme, fiziksel aktivite gibi birçok faktör bağırsak mikrobiyotasını etkilemektedir. Bu faktörlerin başında gelen diyet, faydalı veya zararlı bakteri türlerinin sayısına ve çeşitliliğine etki etmektedir. Akdeniz diyeti, vejetaryen diyet, glutensiz diyet, yüksek proteinli diyet, Paleo diyet, düşük karbonhidrat içeren diyet, açlık diyetleri gibi farklı diyet modelleri bulunmaktadır. Bu diyet modelleri bakteri sayısı ve çeşitliliğinin yanı sıra, bakteri metabolitlerini, inflamasyon göstergelerini, bağırsak geçirgenliğini, oksidatif stresi, bağırsak homeostazı ve disbiyozisine etki ederek organizmayı etkilemektedir. Bu derlemede farklı diyet modellerinin bağırsak mikrobiyotası üzerine olası etkisi irdelenmiştir.
Tendencias en la evaluación de la ciencia en Argentina: género, federalización y temas estratégicos
Authors: Sarthou Nerina Fernanda
Published: November 2019

El aumento reciente de los instrumentos de política en ciencia, tecnología e innovación implementados en Argentina se vio acompañado por la definición o reformulación de los procesos de evaluación asociados a ellos, provocando la emergencia de nuevos criterios, sistemas, medidas y discusiones sobre las profundas consecuencias de su aplicación en el desarrollo científico nacional y regional. En este artículo se busca analizar aquellos organismos que poseen un sistema propio de evaluación asociado a la implementación de sus instrumentos de promoción de la ciencia, para luego distinguir sus particularidades. La investigación confirma la presencia de tres tendencias principales en la actualidad de la evaluación de la ciencia en Argentina: relativa paridad de género, indicios de federalización y marcada orientación de la investigación basada en la definición de “temas estratégicos”.
Investigación e innovación orientadas: ¿hacia dónde dirigir los esfuerzos?
Authors: Echeverry-Mejía Jorge Andrés , Isoglio Antonela
Published: November 2019

La ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación comportan de manera creciente niveles de complejidad e inversión, lo que requiere de decisiones de focalización en contextos de problemas públicos persistentes. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar un instrumento de política para asignar recursos a la investigación y la innovación en temas prioritarios. El trabajo presenta una descripción sobre los conceptos que han sustentado los enfoques, los instrumentos y las formas de gestión de política científica y tecnológica en América Latina en distintos períodos históricos. A partir de dichas herramientas, aportadas por los estudios de Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad, se analiza la creación e implementación reciente del Programa Institucional y Multidisciplinar en Temas Prioritarios de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (Argentina). El enfoque metodológico es cualitativo y la estrategia de investigación empleada consiste en estudio de caso, aplicando técnicas de revisión bibliográfica, análisis documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas.
Factors associated with seizure and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery for low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors in children
Authors: Ko Ara , Lee Joon Soo
Published: November 2019

Low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumors (LEATs) are responsible for drug-resistant chronic focal epilepsy, and are the second-most common reason for epilepsy surgery in children. LEATs are extremely responsive to surgical treatment, and therefore epilepsy surgery should be considered as a treatment option for LEATs. However, the optimal time for surgery remains controversial, and surgeries are often delayed. In this review, we reviewed published article on the factors associated with seizure and cognitive outcomes after epilepsy surgery for LEATs in children to help clinicians in their decision whether to pursue epilepsy surgery for LEATs. The achievement of gross total resection may be the most important prognostic factor for seizure freedom. A shorter duration of epilepsy, a younger age at surgery, and extended resection of temporal lobe tumors have also been suggested as favorable prognostic factors in terms of seizure control. Poor cognitive function in children with LEATs is associated with a longer duration of epilepsy and a younger age at seizure onset.
Spatio-temporal patterns of larval fish settlement in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Faillettaz R , Voué R , Crec’hriou R , Garsi LH , Lecaillon G , Agostini S , Lenfant P , Irisson JO
Published: November 2019

Most coastal fish species spend their early life stages in the pelagic environment, before settling in coastal habitats. The variability in the arrival of larvae to coastal habitats provides information on the species’ biology and recruitment potential. To explore the dynamics of larval fish supply to coastal habitats in the NW Mediterranean Sea, 13 sites were monitored using light-traps, from July 2012 to December 2015. Most variation in catches per unit effort (CPUE) among topographic basins and species were statistically significant for high (quantile 75%) and very high (quantile 90%) catches only. At the yearly scale, CPUE displayed strong seasonality, and 3 main species assemblages were detected in late spring-early summer, summer and late autumn-early winter. At the monthly scale, CPUE were higher around the new moon for all quantiles and temporally autocorrelated at a lag of ~28 d. Larval supply also varied spatially with site-specific associations and with riverine influence. Altogether, these results confirm that the previously described patterns of larval supply observed in tropical and subtropical environments (e.g. the high variability at all spatial and temporal scales and the strong influence of the moon) also apply to Mediterranean fish assemblages. Our quantile-based approach demonstrated that the larval supply in the NW Mediterranean Sea is a solid candidate for monitoring the state of the marine ecosystems, highlighting the need to continue such time series.
Inhibition of TRPA1 and IL-6 Signal Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Following Chemotherapeutic Bortezomib
Authors: LIU D. , SUN M. , XU D. , MA X. , GAO D. , YU H.
Published: November 2019

Bortezomib (BTZ) is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Nevertheless, one of the significant limiting complications of BTZ is painful peripheral neuropathy during BTZ therapy. Thus, in this study we examined signaling pathways of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in the sensory nerves responsible for neuropathic pain induced by BTZ and further determined if influencing the pathways can improve neuropathic pain. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to examine the levels of IL-6, and IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), TRPA1 and p38-MAPK and JNK signal in the lumbar dorsal root ganglion. Behavioral test was performed to determine mechanical and cold sensitivity in a rat model. Our results showed that systemic injection of BTZ increased mechanical pain and cold sensitivity as compared with control animals. Data also showed that protein expression of TRPA1 and IL-6R was upregulated in the dorsal root ganglion of BTZ rats and blocking TRPA1 attenuated mechanical and cold sensitivity in control rats and BTZ rats. Notably, the inhibitory effect of blocking TRPA1 was smaller in BTZ rats than that in control rats. In addition, a blockade of IL-6 signal attenuated intracellular p38-MAPK and JNK in the sensory neuron. This also decreased TRPA1 expression and alleviated mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hypersensitivity in BTZ rats. In conclusion, we revealed specific signaling pathways leading to neuropathic pain induced by chemotherapeutic BTZ, including IL-6-TRPA1, suggesting that blocking these signals is beneficial to alleviate neuropathic pain during BTZ intervention
Strong Coincidence Between Slow Wave Sleep and Low AHI is Explainable by the High Instability of Slow Wave Sleep to Obstructive Apnea Exposure
Authors: PEREGRIM I. , GREŠOVÁ S. , ŠTIMMELOVÁ J. , BAČOVÁ I. , FULTON B. , TOKÁROVÁ D. , GÁBOROVÁ M. , BRANDEBUROVÁ A. , DONIČOVÁ V. , RUSNÁKOVÁ S. , TOMORI Z. , DONIČ V.
Published: November 2019

It is well known that in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is significantly decreased during slow wave sleep (SWS). It used to be explained by the ability of SWS to stabilize the upper airways against collapse. Another explanation, which is the focus of the current study, is that it is just a result of high instability of SWS to obstructive apnea exposure, i.e. high susceptibility of SWS to transition into lighter sleep stages during exposure to obstructive apneas. A retrospective chart review was performed on 560 males who underwent an overnight polysomnography. Two hundred and eighty-seven patients were eligible for the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to different AHI level. All three groups had a higher SWS occurrence in the lateral position than in the supine position. A special fourth group of patients was created with severe OSAS in the supine position but with very mild OSAS in the lateral position. This group had, in the lateral position, (A) higher AHI in NREM sleep (4.1±3.1/h vs. 0.7±1.2/h, p<0.001) as well as (B) higher SWS occurrence (27.7±15.0 % vs. 21.4±16.2 % of NREM sleep, p<0.05), than the group with the lowest AHI in the study, i.e. AHI<5/h in NREM sleep. These data suggest that strong coincidence between SWS and low AHI is the result of the high instability of SWS to obstructive apnea exposure. The data also support the presence of SWS-rebound in OSAS patients in the lateral body position.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: ANDERLOVÁ K. , CINKAJZLOVÁ A. , ŠIMJÁK P. , KLOUČKOVÁ J. , KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ H. , LACINOVÁ Z. , KAVÁLKOVÁ P. , KREJČÍ H. , MRÁZ M. , PAŘÍZEK A. , HALUZÍK M. , KRŠEK M.
Published: November 2019

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is involved in the regulation of growth and metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine selected parameters of IGF system at systemic and local levels [subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT)] to assess its possible role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). 37 pregnant women (21 with GDM and 16 without GDM) and 15 age-matched non-pregnant females were included in the study. Blood samples were taken in 28-32 and 36-38 weeks of gestation and 6-12 months after delivery. SAT and VAT samples were obtained during delivery or surgery. Compared with non-pregnant women, serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were increased in both groups of pregnant women. IGF-2 was elevated only in GDM women from 36 weeks of gestation culminating 6 months after delivery (p=0.003). Serum IGFBP-3 was increased and IGFBP-4 decreased in GDM women vs. pregnant women without GDM during the whole study (IGFBP-3: p˂0.001 for GDM vs. non-GDM; IGFBP-4: p=0.004 for GDM vs. non-GDM). Pregnant women with GDM had decreased mRNA expression of IGF-1, IGF-1R and IGF-2R and IGFBP-4 in VAT and IGF-1R in SAT compared to pregnant women without GDM. Changes in local activity of IGF are associated with the development of GDM.
Protective Effect and Mechanism of α-Lipoic Acid on Partial Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Adult Male Rats
Authors: REN Y. , WANG L.-H. , DENG F.-S. , LI J.-S. , JIANG L.
Published: November 2019

In order to reduce tissue damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, this study aims to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. The bloodstream of rats was blocked in the left middle and left lateral liver lobes of the liver. Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group and injury group. Rats were injected with either 25 mg/1 ml of α-lipoic acid (treatment group) or 1 ml of saline (injury group) into the caudal vein 15 min before hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Rat serum alanine aminotransferase (GPT), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were examined at various time points (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) in both groups. Changes in nuclear factor kappa B P65 (NF-κB P65) expression in ischemia-reperfusion liver at various time points after reperfusion (1, 3, 6 and 12 h) were evaluated through immunohistochemistry assay. Changes in macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) mRNA and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were detected by RT-PCR. Serum GPT level was significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). NF-κB P65, MIP-2 mRNA and iNOS mRNA expression in ischemic reperfused rat livers were significantly higher in the injury group than in the treatment group (P<0.01). Serum GSH and SOD levels were higher in the treatment group than in the injury group (P<0.01). Alpha-lipoic acid significantly reduced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat livers. This may be associated to the direct scavenging of oxygen-free radicals, increased GSH production, and the activation of downstream media due to decreased NF-κB and GSH consumption.
2Hz-Electroacupuncture Attenuates Heroin-Seeking Behaviors via Adjusts CB1-Rs and CB2-Rs Expression in Relapse-Relevant Brain Regions of Heroin Self-Administration Rats
Authors: CHEN L. , GONG X.-K. , LENG C.-L. , MA B.-M. , RU Q. , XIONG Q. , YUE K. , ZHOU M. , TIAN X. , LI C.-Y. , WU Y.-X.
Published: November 2019

Opiate addiction has a high rate of relapse. The accumulating evidence shows that electroacupuncture (EA) may be effective for the treatment of opiate relapse. However, the change of expression of CB1-Rs and CB2-Rs involve in 2Hz EA anti-relapse pathway is still unclear. To explore the changes of expression of CB1-Rs and CB2-Rs, heroin self-administration (SA) model rats were adopted and treated using 2Hz EA. The expressions of CB1-Rs and CB2-Rs were observed using immunohistochemistry method. The results showed that, compared with the control group, active pokes in the heroin-addicted group increased, while the active pokes decreased significantly in 2Hz EA group compared with heroin-addicted group. Correspondingly, the expression of CB1-Rs in prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (Hip), nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) all increased significantly while the expression of CB2-Rs in those relapse-relevant brain regions decreased obviously in heroin-addicted group when compared with the control group. In addition, the expression of CB1-Rs obviously decreased in the 2Hz EA group while the expression of CB2-Rs in those relapse-relevant brain regions increased significantly when compared with the heroin-addicted group. It indicated that 2Hz EA could attenuate the heroin-evoked seeking behaviors effectively. The anti-relapse effects of 2Hz EA might be related to the decrease of CB1-Rs and increase of CB2-Rs expression in relapse-relevant brain regions of heroin SA rats.
Four Weeks of Hypoxia Training Improves Cutaneous Microcirculation in Trained Rowers
Authors: MENG Z. , GAO B. , GAO H. , GE P. , LI T. , WANG Y.
Published: November 2019

Hypoxia training can improve endurance performance. However, the specific benefits mechanism of hypoxia training is controversial, and there are just a few studies on the peripheral adaptation to hypoxia training. The main objective of this study was to observe the effects of hypoxia training on cutaneous blood flow (CBF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Twenty rowers were divided into two groups for four weeks of training, either hypoxia training (Living High, Exercise High and Training Low, HHL) or normoxia training (NOM). We tested cutaneous microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmeter and blood serum parameters by ELISA. HHL group improved the VO2peak and power at blood lactic acid of 4 mmol/l (P4) significantly. The CBF and the concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) in the forearm of individuals in the HHL group increased significantly at the first week. The HIF level of the individuals in the HHL group increased at the fourth week. The NO of HHL group increased significantly at the fourth week. In collusion, four weeks of HHL training resulted in increased forearm cutaneous blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen pressure. HHL increases rowers’ NO and VEGF, which may be the mechanism of increased blood flow. The increased of CBF seems to be related with improving performance.
Epoxyeicosanoids in Hypertension
Authors: IMIG J.
Published: November 2019

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are also known as epoxyeicosanoids that have renal and cardiovascular actions. These renal and cardiovascular actions can be regulated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) that degrades and inactivates EETs. Extensive animal hypertension studies have determined that vascular, epithelial transport, and anti-inflammatory actions of EETs lower blood pressure and decrease renal and cardiovascular disease progression. Human studies have also supported the notion that increasing EET levels in hypertension could be beneficial. Pharmacological and genetic approaches to increase epoxyeicosanoids in several animal models and humans have found improved endothelial vascular function, increased sodium excretion, and decreased inflammation to oppose hypertension and associated renal and cardiovascular complications. These compelling outcomes support the concept that increasing epoxyeicosanoids via sEH inhibitors or EET analogs could be a valuable hypertension treatment.
POLYACRYLAMIDE MATRIX BASED ON β-CYCLODEXTRIN-CONTAINING PSEUDOROTAXANE FOR DRUGS RELEASE: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES
Authors: Kobrina Larisa , Boyko Valentina , Riabov Serhii , Orel Lydmila , Sinelnikov Serhii , Stompel Volodumir
Published: November 2019

Formation and studying of different inclusion complexes, which could be attributed to the supra-molecular structures, are still remaining among an actual topics in the modern polymer chemistry. The ability of cyclodextrins to selectively interact with a range of their size complementary molecules makes them promising objects for supramolecular chemis-try. Therefore, we obtained polymer matrices involv-ing acrylamide and methylene-bis-acrylamide with different content of pseudorotaxane based on β-cyc-lodextrin and polyoxypropylenedimethacrylate and confirmed their structures by different techniques (FTIR-spectroscopy, DSC and X-ray analysis). The presence of pseudorotaxane in polymer matrices was proved by monitoring β-cyclodextrin’s bands stret-ching vibration (FTIR method). When analyzing X-ray profiles of polymer matrices with different con-tent of pseudorotaxane, we found that the influence of pseudorotaxane is insignificant at its content of 5 and 8 % wt. In addition, the study of pseudoro-taxane effect on the kinetics of drugs release reve-aled that the introduction of 10 wt.% of pseudo-rotaxane into the polymer matrices appreciably de-celerates desorption of drugs and, thus this content being considered as an optimal one for this purpose. Also the polymer matrices’ structure was studied by the pyrolysis mass spectrometry method. It has been determined the temperature decomposition, rate of total ion current, probable composition of ion frag-ments of samples and intensity of their isolation in the mass spectra of polyacrylamide with different content of pseudorotaxane during pyrolysis. Thus, the results obtained can be explained by the for-mation of specific intermolecular bonds emerged between pseudorotaxane fragments and chains of po-lymer matrice.
The Birth of the Worldwide Camphill Movement in the North of Scotland: The Challenging Vision of Dr Karl König
Authors: Jackson Robin
Published: November 2019

This article describes the genesis and development of the Camphill movement, originating in north-east Scotland. Attention is paid to the factors influencing its founder, Dr Karl König. These were strongly international in nature, including central-European trends in anthroposophy and socialist politics, as well as the educational practices of the Moravian Brethren. Influential also was König's background in the Jewish community of Vienna, before he was forced to flee due to the Anschluss of 1938. The founding of the Camphill movement (in 1940) also owed much to Scottish patrons and influences, emanating especially from the north-east and the western isles in the form of the Haughtons of Williamson, Will MacMillan and George MacLeod. Camphill is now a worldwide movement, and its core philosophy of a desire to create and maintain an educational environment where the economic, social and spiritual lives of the community are complementary is outlined. It is argued that König was an influential figure, for instance within social pedagogy. He was able to show, initially in the north-east Scottish location where his vision first developed that, contrary to accepted medical opinion of the time, no child, young person or adult with an intellectual disability was ineducable.
İsrail’in Kuruluşunda Muhafazakâr Camianın Yaklaşımı
Authors: İŞLER Ahmet
Published: November 2019

Ortadoğu coğrafyası İkinci Dünya
Savaşı’ndan sonra yeniden şekillenmiştir. Bununla ilgili en önemli
gelişmelerden biri de 1948’de İngiliz işgali altında bulunan Filistin
topraklarında Birleşmiş Milletlerin kararıyla bir İsrail devletinin
kurulmasıdır. Türkiye BM’de İsrail’in kurulması oylamasında ret oyu veren
devlet olmasına rağmen, uluslararası dengeleri gözeterek İsrail’i tanıyan ilk
Müslüman ülke olmuştur. Filistin topraklarında devlet olarak tanınan İsrail,
Siyonist politikalarla genişleme ve “arz-ı mev’ud” hedefiyle Ortadoğu’da
istikrarsızlığa neden olmaktadır. Türkiye’deki İslamcı düşünce Siyonist
politikaların karşısında Kudüs meselesini tüm İslam aleminin ortak davası
olarak görmektedir. Bu çalışma, kendilerini İslamcı olarak
tanımlamamakla birlikte, yayınlarında İslami bir dil kullanan, kimilerince de
İslamcı görülen bazı düşünürlerin, 1948’de İsrail devletinin kuruluşundaki
tepkilerine odaklanmıştır. Bu meyanda Eşref Edip’in Sebillürreşad, Ömer Rıza Doğrul’un Selamet ve Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in Büyük Doğu dergisi incelenecektir. Anahtar
Kelimeler: Ortadoğu, Filistin, İsrail, Siyonizm, Muhafazakârlık, İslamcılık.
Borneo Ultimate Frisbee Team: Agility and Speed in Relation with Playing Position
Authors: Abu Talip Nur Khairunisa , Datu Md Muallim Datu Moksan  , Kristen Chou
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to investigate a arising Borneo Frisbee team named Ultras on agility and speed performance in relation to the playing position of Ultimate Frisbee players. Sixteen (N=16) athletes (8 handlers and 8 cutters) participated in the present study, and the age ranged between 19 to 24 years old. Each athlete was tested with the 505 agility test and 30-meter sprint test to measure agility and speed. The level of significance was set at .05 (p<.05). The obtained data was analysed using SPSS 22.0. Independent Sample T-Test was employed to compare the differences in agility and speed between handlers and cutters. Results showed that there is no significance difference in agility between handlers and cutters (playing position) (p=.192) and no significant difference in speed between handlers and cutters (playing positions) (p=.522). The mean of the results showed that handlers were approximately 14.16% more agile than cutters, while cutters were approximately 49.37% faster in horizontal speed than handlers.

Keywords: Ultimate Frisbee, agility, speed, playing position, handlers, cutters.
Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency of Edible Canna Production in Vietnam
Authors: Vu Thi-Hien , Peng Ke-Chung , Chung Rebecca H.
Published: November 2019

Increasing yield while minimizing environmental pollution in agricultural production is nowadays the primary concern in agriculture-based countries, including Vietnam. This study aims to assess the environmental efficiency and technical efficiency, as well as to determine the factors influencing efficiency of edible canna farms in Backan province, by using the stochastic frontier analysis and truncated regression, respectively. Data were collected from a face-to-face interview of 346 farmers in 2017/2018 production year. The findings revealed that the average environmental efficiency score was low, of 0.57 and 0.58 for Nari and Babe districts, respectively; while the technical efficiency was found to be higher than the environmental efficiency with 0.74 for Nari district and 0.72 for Babe district. In addition, the results of the inefficient effects and truncated regression model indicated that education, extension contact, and experience individually had a significant and positive effect on efficiency scores. Hence, the government should designate policies focused on the extension system to provide training and facilitate technology transfer for farmers.
Evaluation of Water Scarcity Footprint for Taiwanese Dairy Farming
Authors: Liao Wei-Tse , Su Jung-Jeng
Published: November 2019

Raw milk production in Taiwan has increased year after year, which means that the environmental impact might also be intensified in certain regions. To balance both consumer demand and environmental sustainability, evaluating the potential impact and understanding the causal relationship between production and environment is imperative. This study applied the life cycle assessment (LCA) protocol to explore water consumption for raw milk production from cradle to farm gate of five dairy farms in Hsinchu County and evaluate the stress-weighted water scarcity footprint (WSF) as well as the water scarcity productivity (WSP) of the 16 Taiwanese counties and cities. Results indicated that the highest stress-weighted WSF of the dairy farms for raw milk production was located in northern and central Taiwan and was around 44.8 H2Oeq/kg fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). On the other hand, both the smallest stress-weighted WSF (about 2.2 H2Oeq/kg FPCM) and the highest WSP (0.749 kg FPCM/m3 water) of the dairy farms were located in Nantou and Chiayi Counties, because these two counties were the least water-stressed regions in Taiwan. The achievement of this study could be the first and important reference for the sustainable production of raw milk and optimizing the industrial policy of dairy farming by policy makers.
Growth Performance, Body Measurements, Carcass and Some Internal Organs Characteristics of Pekin Ducks
Authors: Kokoszyński Dariusz , Wasilewski Rafał , Saleh Mohamed , Piwczyński Dariusz , Arpášová Henrieta , Hrnčar Cyril , Fik Martin
Published: November 2019

Native breeds of ducks have been the subject of many studies in the past, yet the relevant knowledge is still incomplete and needs to be further expanded. The objective of this study was to provide information about differences in growth performance, dressing percentage, carcass composition and digestive morphometry among three lines of Pekin ducks from conservation flocks raised in Poland. The study used 180 sexed Pekin ducks—30 males and 30 females of line P33 (ducks of Polish origin), 30 males and 30 females of line P8 (ducks of Danish origin), and 30 males and 30 females of line P9 (ducks of French origin). Throughout the study (49 d), ducks were confined indoors in six pens. Birds were fed complete commercial diets ad libitum and had unrestricted access to water. The compared lines of ducks differed significantly in body weight from 1 to 49 d of age except of ducks of both sexes at 14 d. At 49 d of age, significant differences were observed between the tested ducks in all the body measurements. Duck genotype had a significant effect on preslaughter body weight, carcass weight and breast muscle, neck and remainders contents, caeca length, liver weight and gizzard percentage. The results show that the tested ducks were significantly different and unique, mainly in terms of the body biometric characteristics.
Prophylactic and Therapeutic Efficacy of Prebiotic Supplementation against Intestinal Coccidiosis in Rabbits
Authors: El-Ashram Saeed A. , Aboelhadid Shawky M. , Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Hashem Shymaa A. , Mahrous Lilian N. , Farghly Eman M. , Moawad Usama K. , Kamel Asmaa A.
Published: November 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of prebiotic supplementation against intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits. Fifty male rabbits aged 35–60 days (1–1.5 kg) were divided into prophylactic and therapeutic experiments (five groups, 10 rabbits per group). Prophylactic experiment had prebiotic supplemented (PS-P), non-supplemented infected control (NI-P), and non-supplemented non-infected control (NN-P) groups. Ten days post-prebiotic supplementation (PPS), rabbits in groups PS-P and NI-P were infected orally with 5.0 × 104 sporulated oocysts of mixed Eimeria species. However, therapeutic experiment had prebiotic supplemented (PS-T) and untreated infected (UI-T) groups of naturally infected rabbits with Eimeria species. A significant reduction in oocyst count per gram feces (OPG) (p ≤ 0.05) was reported in the PS-P (57.33 × 103 ± 2.84) and NI-P (130.83 × 103 ± 43.38) groups during the experiment. Additionally, rabbits in groups (PS-P, 970.33 ± 31.79 g and NI-P, 870.66 ± 6.66 g) showed weight loss after infection. However, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) decrease in OPG was observed at day seven PPS in the PS-T group (4 × 103 ± 0.00) when compared with the UI-T group (32 × 103 ± 7.54). Furthermore, the PS-T group had a higher body weight than rabbits in the UI-T group. Histopathological findings of the intestinal tissues (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) showed that the counts of the endogenous stages were significantly higher in the NI-P and UI-T groups than in the prebiotic-supplemented groups (PS-P and PS-T). Supplementation of the prebiotic did not have any adverse effects on biochemical parameters, such as AST, ALT, creatinine, total protein, and total cholesterol. In conclusion, prebiotic supplementation can be used to minimize the adverse effects of intestinal coccidiosis in rabbits, which in turn limits body weight loss, especially for the prophylaxis of coccidial infection.
Environmental Impact of Corn Tortilla Production: A Case Study
Authors: Guzmán-Soria Diego , Taboada-González Paul , Aguilar-Virgen Quetzalli , Baltierra-Trejo Eduardo , Marquez-Benavides Liliana
Published: November 2019

The research on the environmental impacts of corn-derived products has been mainly on cultivation techniques and the production of biofuels, so there is limited information on the impacts produced by the transformation of corn for human consumption. The tortilla is a millennial product derived from corn of which consumption is increasing in North America. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental hotspots of the tortilla using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The process studied included only the corn–nixtamalisation–dough–tortillas production. The functional unit is one kg of tortillas packed in kraft paper. The impacts of the tortilla production process were evaluated using SimaPro 8.5.0 software, considering ReCiPe Midpoint. The production has the greatest impact in 15 of the 18 impact categories. The normalisation reveals that the most significant impacts concentrate in the categories terrestrial acidification (TA), particulate matter formation (PMF), marine ecotoxicity (MET) and fossil fuel depletion (FD). Improvements in the cultivation could mean more environmentally friendly tortilla production.
Condition Verified: On Photography, Trans Visibility, and Legacies of the Clinic
Authors: Joynt Chase , Harsin Drager Emmett
Published: November 2019

We approach this paper with a shared investment in historical and contemporary representations of trans and gender non-conforming people, and our individual research in the archives of early US Gender Clinics. Together, we consider what is at stake—or what might be possible—when we connect legacies of photography used as diagnostic tools in gender clinics with snapshots of early, community-based gatherings, and the presence of trans people in contemporary art. From the archives of Robert J. Stoller and photos of Casa Susanna, to the collaborative photography of Zackary Drucker and Amos Mac, and the biometric data art-theory experiments of Zach Blas, we engage a series of image-based projects, which animate underlying questions and socio-political debates about the politics of visuality, and visibility’s impact on trans and gender non-conforming people. Moreover, we argue that rhetorical strategies of proof—from conditions verified in clinics to shared existence through photography—are tethered to, and thus trapped by, the logics and discipline of legibility and re-institutionalization.
A Dynamic Core in Human NQO1 Controls the Functional and Stability Effects of Ligand Binding and Their Communication across the Enzyme Dimer
Authors: Vankova Pavla , Salido Eduardo , Timson David J. , Man Petr , Pey Angel L.
Published: November 2019

Human NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is a multi-functional protein whose alteration is associated with cancer, Parkinson’s and Alzheimer´s diseases. NQO1 displays a remarkable functional chemistry, capable of binding different functional ligands that modulate its activity, stability and interaction with proteins and nucleic acids. Our understanding of this functional chemistry is limited by the difficulty of obtaining structural and dynamic information on many of these states. Herein, we have used hydrogen/deuterium exchange monitored by mass spectrometry (HDXMS) to investigate the structural dynamics of NQO1 in three ligation states: without ligands (NQO1apo), with FAD (NQO1holo) and with FAD and the inhibitor dicoumarol (NQO1dic). We show that NQO1apo has a minimally stable folded core holding the protein dimer, with FAD and dicoumarol binding sites populating binding non-competent conformations. Binding of FAD significantly decreases protein dynamics and stabilizes the FAD and dicoumarol binding sites as well as the monomer:monomer interface. Dicoumarol binding further stabilizes all three functional sites, a result not previously anticipated by available crystallographic models. Our work provides an experimental perspective into the communication of stability effects through the NQO1 dimer, which is valuable for understanding at the molecular level the effects of disease-associated variants, post-translational modifications and ligand binding cooperativity in NQO1.
Intranasal Pregabalin Administration: A Review of the Literature and the Worldwide Spontaneous Reporting System of Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Elsayed Mohamed , Zeiss René , Gahr Maximilian , Connemann Bernhard J. , Schönfeldt-Lecuona Carlos
Published: November 2019

Background: It is repeatedly reported that pregabalin (PRG) and gabapentin feature a potential for abuse/misuse, predominantly in patients with former or active substance use disorder. The most common route of use is oral, though reports of sublingual, intravenous, rectal, and smoking administration also exist. A narrative review was performed to provide an overview of current knowledge about nasal PRG use. Methods: A narrative review of the currently available literature of nasal PRG use was performed by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases. The abstracts and articles identified were reviewed and examined for relevance. Secondly, a request regarding reports of cases of nasal PRG administration was performed in the worldwide spontaneous reporting system of adverse drug reactions of the European Medicines Agency (EMA, EudraVigilance database). Results: The literature search resulted in two reported cases of nasal PRG use. In the analysis of the EMA-database, 13 reported cases of nasal PRG use (11 male (two not specified), mean age of users = 34.2 years (four not specified)) were found. In two cases fatalities occurred related to PRG nasal use. Conclusions: Even if only little evidence can be found in current literature, the potential for misuse/abuse of PRG via nasal route might be of particular importance in the near future in PRG users who misuse it. Physicians should be aware of these alternative routes of administration.
Excitons in Carbonic Nanostructures
Authors: Demchenko Alexander
Published: November 2019

Unexpectedly bright photoluminescence emission can be observed in materials incorporating inorganic carbon when their size is reduced from macro–micro to nano. At present, there is no consensus in its understanding, and many suggested explanations are not consistent with the broad range of experimental data. In this Review, I discuss the possible role of collective excitations (excitons) generated by resonance electronic interactions among the chromophore elements within these nanoparticles. The Förster-type resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism of energy migration within nanoparticles operates when the composing fluorophores are the localized electronic systems interacting at a distance. Meanwhile, the resonance interactions among closely located fluorophores may lead to delocalization of the excited states over many molecules resulting in Frenkel excitons. The H-aggregate-type quantum coherence originating from strong coupling among the transition dipoles of adjacent chromophores in a co-facial stacking arrangement and exciton transport to emissive traps are the basis of the presented model. It can explain most of the hitherto known experimental observations and must stimulate the progress towards their versatile applications.
Prognostic Factors in a Large Nationwide Cohort of Histologically Confirmed Primary and Secondary Angiosarcomas
Authors: Weidema Marije E. , Flucke Uta E. , van der Graaf Winette T.A. , Ho Vincent K.Y. , Hillebrandt-Roeffen Melissa H.S. ,   Dutch Nationwide Network and Registry of Histo- and Cytopathology (PALGA)-Group, Versleijen-Jonkers Yvonne M.H. , Husson Olga , Desar Ingrid M.E.
Published: November 2019

Angiosarcoma (AS) is a rare sarcoma of endothelial origin, arising spontaneously (primary AS) or after external damage such as radiation therapy or UV exposure (secondary AS). To date, reliable assessment of prognostic factors has proven difficult, due to disease rarity and heterogeneity of study cohorts. Although large registries provide relatively large AS patient series, these cases often lack histological confirmation. This study aimed to analyze AS prognostic factors in a large nationwide cohort of histologically confirmed cases, established through linkage of clinical data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and pathology data from the Dutch pathology registry (PALGA). All cases were reviewed by an expert pathologist, showing a 16% discordance rate. Multivariable Cox regression survival analysis among 479 confirmed AS patients revealed remarkably poorer overall survival (OS) for primary AS compared to secondary AS (7 vs 21 months, Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–1.9). Age above 65 years, male gender, and no surgical treatment also significantly correlated to worse OS. Overall, OS was relatively poor, with a median of 13 months (95% CI = 10–16 months) and 22% five-year survival rate. With this study, we illustrate AS heterogeneity in clinical behavior and show for the first time better survival for secondary AS compared to primary AS.
Radiation and Stemness Phenotype May Influence Individual Breast Cancer Outcomes: The Crucial Role of MMPs and Microenvironment
Authors: Olivares-Urbano María Auxiliadora , Griñán-Lisón Carmen , Ríos-Arrabal Sandra , Artacho-Cordón Francisco , Torralbo Ana Isabel , López-Ruiz Elena , Marchal Juan Antonio , Núñez María Isabel
Published: November 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Radiotherapy (RT) is one of the mainstay treatments for cancer but in some cases is not effective. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor can be responsible for recurrence and metastasis after RT. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), regulated mainly by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), may also contribute to tumor development by modifying its activity after RT. The aim of this work was to study the effects of RT on the expression of MMPs, TIMPs and HDACs on different cell subpopulations in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 cell lines. We assessed the in vitro expression of these genes in different 3D culture models and induced tumors in female NSG mice by orthotopic xenotransplants. Our results showed that gene expression is related to the cell subpopulation studied, the culture model used and the single radiation dose administered. Moreover, the crucial role played by the microenvironment in terms of cell interactions and CSC plasticity in tumor growth and RT outcome is also shown, supporting the use of higher doses (6 Gy) to achieve better control of tumor development.
A Review on Curability of Cancers: More Efforts for Novel Therapeutic Options Are Needed
Authors: Wang Shuncong , Liu Yewei , Feng Yuanbo , Zhang Jian , Swinnen Johan , Li Yue , Ni Yicheng
Published: November 2019

Cancer remains a major cause of death globally. Given its relapsing and fatal features, curing cancer seems to be something hardly possible for the majority of patients. In view of the development in cancer therapies, this article summarizes currently available cancer therapeutics and cure potential by cancer type and stage at diagnosis, based on literature and database reviews. Currently common cancer therapeutics include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. However, treatment with curative intent by these methods are mainly eligible for patients with localized disease or treatment-sensitive cancers and therefore their contributions to cancer curability are relatively limited. The prognosis for cancer patients varies among different cancer types with a five-year relative survival rate (RSR) of more than 80% in thyroid cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The most dismal prognosis is observed in patients with small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, oesophagal cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer, and gastric cancer with a five-year RSR ranging between 7% and 28%. The current review is intended to provide a general view about how much we have achieved in curing cancer as regards to different therapies and cancer types. Finally, we propose a small molecule dual-targeting broad-spectrum anticancer strategy called OncoCiDia, in combination with emerging highly sensitive liquid biopsy, with theoretical curative potential for the management of solid malignancies, especially at the micro-cancer stage.