bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child labour and academic performance of junior secondary school students in Kontagora Emirate of Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: Baji Mohammed Ibrahim , Shekarau Ibrahim Imam
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the influence of child labour on academic performance of junior secondary school (JSS) students in Kontagora Emirate of Niger state, Nigeria. Two objectives guided the study and two (2) hypotheses were tested at 0.05 levels of significance. Ex post facto research design was used. A sample size of 332 JSS3 students was selected out of the total population of 3,822 students (2,370 as males and 1,452 as females). Simple random and stratified proportionate sampling techniques were employed for selection of schools and the research participants. The research instruments used for data collection were “Child Work Questionnaire (CWQ)” and “Academic Performance Data Collection Sheet (APDCS)” which were validated through face and content validity. The reliability of the CWQ was determined through test re-test method and it yielded 0.88 coefficient level. The statistical tools used in data analysis were mean and t-test independent sample. The finding revealed that there was a significant difference in the academic performance of JSS3 students who were involved in child labour and those that were not involved in child labour in Kontagora Emirate. The finding of the study also showed that there was no significant difference in academic performance of male and female JSS3 students who were involved in child labour and those that were not involved in child labour in the emirate. The study recommended that government at all levels, non-governmental organizations and school administrators should organize seminars, conferences, and sensitization programmes on the negative effects of child labour on academic performance to create public awareness in order to eradicate the syndrome.
LA ENTREVISTA DE EVALUACION O LA NECESIDAD DE OBJETIVAR LOS PROCESOS DE MEDICIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO EN EL SECTOR PÚBLICO
Authors: RASTROLLO SUÁREZ JUAN JOSÉ
Published: June 2024

Las entrevistas (inicial, intermedia -en el caso de que la hubiera- y final), son un elemento central de los sistemas de evaluación del desempeño en el sector público. A lo largo del siguiente estudio, analizamos este concepto, poniendo de relevancia su sentido y limitaciones a partir de la revisión de legislación, doctrina y jurisprudencia. Para ello, examinamos las acotaciones que, desde diferentes normas y sentencias, se han hecho de nociones como las de objetivos y competencias, cuestionario o informe de evaluación. Además, hacemos referencia a los mecanismos y órganos especializados en la resolución de recursos a disposición del personal empleado público en caso de discrepancia con los resultados obtenidos.

Elkarrizketa (hasierakoa, tartekoa ¿baldin badago¿ eta amaierakoa) sektore publikoaren lana ebaluatzeko sistemen baliabide nagusi bat da. Ikerlan honetan kontzeptu hori aztertu dugu, eta haren zentzua eta mugak nabarmendu ditugu, legeria, doktrina eta jurisprudentzia berrikustetik abiatuta. Horretarako, arau eta epai desberdinetan helburu eta gaitasunei, galdetegiari edo ebaluazio txostenari buruz egindako oharrak aztertuko ditugu. Gainera, lortutako emaitzekin desadostasunik izanez gero, errekurtsoak ebazteko langile publikoen eskura dauden mekanismo eta organo espezializatuak aipatzen ditugu.

Assessment interviews can be initial, intermediate¿if such takes place¿and final, and they are a central component of performance assessment systems in the public service. In the present study, we analyze the concept of assessment interview, emphasizing its significance but also its limitations, based on legislation, legal doctrine and case law. To this end, we examine the restrictions that diverse legal norms and court decisions have put on notions such as goals and competences, assessment questionnaire or assessment report. Moreover, we consider the mechanisms and organisms that specialize in solving appeal procedures, which are at the disposition of public employees in cases of disagreement with the obtained results.
Bridges and Barriers in Research
Authors: Octavio-Cruz, MD, MSc Ma. Bernadette
Published: June 2024

Research is critical for the advancement in medicine. As such, mandatory research projects have become one of the basic scholarly activities in the undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. However, conducting a research project can be a daunting task.
A survey among 130 Australian research supervisors observed that majority of students required the necessary generic skills and research-based skills to achieve completion of their research projects.1 Generic skills refer to communication, time management, independence, and initiative. Among others, the more important research skills needed were literature search, scientific writing, statistical aptitude, and ability to navigate the ethics review process. Compulsory assessment of project milestones aided project completion, improved scientific writing skills and presentation. Moreover, supervisors recognized the need and requested for statistical support, funding for projects and scientific writing. There were also significant differences on matters of experience in research supervision. Experienced supervisors were more likely to require dedicated time for the project compared to novice supervisors, with higher access to expert assistance in scientific writing, ethics application, and research methodology. They also favored co-supervision which was disallowed by the neophytes. In contrast, novice supervisors reported significantly higher rates of unexpected project delays and data acquisition problems. This finding recommends research supervisor training for the research supervision role.
Several studies across different residency training institutions show consistency in major barriers to completion of research undertakings: (1) conflicts in schedule between learning clinical proficiencies and research, (2) lack of protected research time, (3) funding, (4) inadequate faculty support, and (5) mentorship.2-4
For as long as research projects are mandatory, educational/training institutions are duty-bound to identify the factors that will advance the research project program, and employ strategies that will break research barriers.
Metformin as an Adjunct to Progestin Therapy in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Factor, MD Patricia Ann A. , Pasamba, MD Koleen C.
Published: June 2024

Background. Metformin has been studied for its anti-proliferative effects on endometrial cells, and it is hypothesized to have a synergistic effect with progestin therapy in suppressing endometrial cell proliferation. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the efficacy of adjunctive metformin in the clinical regression of endometrial hyperplasia and early-stage endometrial carcinoma.
Methodology. This meta-analysis followed the Cochrane methodology and adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they enrolled reproductive-aged women with endometrial hyperplasia (with and without atypia) and endometrial carcinoma who were treated with progestin and metformin. The primary outcome was the complete response rate at 12-16 weeks, and secondary outcomes included relapse rate, clinical pregnancy rate, and live birth rate. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for dichotomous data.
Results. : Six RCTs were included. The addition of metformin to progestin therapy may increase the complete response rate of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia (OR 5.12, 95% CI 1.17 to 22.41; n=102) and live birth rates (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.34 to 4.69; n=188) compared to progestin therapy alone, but the certainty of the evidence is low. Metformin did not have a significant effect on the clinical response of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial carcinoma, relapse rates, and clinical pregnancy rates.
Conclusion. Current evidence is uncertain on the potential benefit of metformin with progestin in endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma. Future high-quality randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods are needed to support practice recommendations.
The Effects of Induction Chemotherapy in the Management of Ultra High-Risk Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
Authors: Soriano-Estrella, MD, MHPEd Agnes L. , Pasamba, RND, MD Koleen C.
Published: June 2024

Objectives. This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of ultra high-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients managed with and without induction chemotherapy in the Division of Trophoblastic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital.
Methods. Clinical and demographic data were collected retrospectively from ultra high-risk GTN patients admitted in the Division of Trophoblastic Diseases, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philippine General Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021. Rate of remission and early death of those who received induction chemotherapy were compared to those who did not.
Results. A total of 21 patients with ultra high-risk GTN were included in the study, nine of whom underwent induction chemotherapy while 12 had no induction chemotherapy and was given the standard EMACO regimen. There was no significant difference in the rate of early death as well as the rate and time to achieve remission between those who received induction chemotherapy compared to those who were immediately started on EMACO.
Conclusion. A firm conclusion cannot be drawn from the results considering the small population included in the study. Further studies with larger sample size and prospective study design are recommended.
Evaluation of Locally Made Phantom Models for Gynecologic Ultrasound-guided Procedures Simulating Transabdominal and Transvaginal Approaches
Authors: Amosco, MD, PhD Melissa D. , Quinagoran Dionella Jitka B. , Quenga Nerissa Unielle D. , Diaz, Dr. Eng Leslie Joy L. , Macugay, MS Joshua Kae B.
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Phantom and simulation models are valuable training tools for teaching and skill enhancement, yet high costs and limitations of commercial options drive the search for alternatives. This study evaluated the locally sourced phantom models developed for transvaginal and transabdominal gynecologic interventional ultrasound procedures, aiming to cater to the educational needs of OB-GYN ultrasound subspecialists.
Methods: Four phantom models simulating biopsy and cyst aspiration/paracentesis through transvaginal and transabdominal approaches, were developed, and assessed by 37 ultrasound subspecialists in obstetrics and gynecology. The respondents, comprising 19 experienced and 18 with limited exposure to guided procedures, utilized an 11-item Likert-scored questionnaire to evaluate the models' acceptability and suitability for training. Responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: Both experienced and less-experienced groups consistently assigned high scores, particularly highlighting the realistic ultrasound image and positioning of structures. The models proved effective in enhancing confidence and proficiency during simulation-based training for probe manipulation, aspiration, and biopsy procedures. While respondents identified concerns like durability and needle track marks, no significant differences emerged between the two groups in evaluating the model.
Conclusions: The overall evaluation of the developed phantom model was positive, showcasing its acceptability among end-users and suitability for training ultrasound-guided procedures in obstetrics and gynecology. The identified issues provide valuable insights for potential improvements in future iterations of the model.
Sindrome metabólico, insulinorresistencia y pulsatilidad de arterias uterinas en el primer trimestre del embarazo
Authors: Armaza Céspedes Ada Ximena , Soto Butrón Eduardo , Borda Gonzales Victor J.
Published: June 2024

La asociación del síndrome metabólico con resultados adversos de la gestación constituye un problema de Salud pública creciente1.Objetivo:presente trabajo fue identificar la prevalencia del SM en etapa precoz del embarazo, evaluar su asociación con insulinorresistencia temprana en la gestación y con alteraciones del Doppler de las arterias uterinas.Métodos:fueron captadas 82 embarazadas antes de la semana 16 de embarazo. El principal criterio de inclusión fue la edad gestacional entre la 11ª y la 16ª semana. El estado nutricional materno se comparó con los estándares de referencia propuestos por Atalah y cols; adaptando las curvas nutricionales de Rosso y Mardones2. A cada embarazada se aplicó un cuestionario de antecedentes de riesgo y se realizó un perfil bioquímico basado en las guías ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel) del National Cholesterol Education Programm3. Se determinaron las concentraciones de factor de crecimiento placentario p1GF; y se realizó ecografía Doppler de las arterias uterinas.Resultados: la edad promedio del grupo estudiado fue de 25,1 años, media de edad gestacional de 12,8 semanas. El 51,2% de mujeres estudiadas presentaron sobrepeso u obesidad. Se identificaron 4 criterios para síndrome metabólico en 31,71% de la población estudiada. En este grupo, la concentración elevada de insulina llegó a 100% de casos; la concentración de HDL disminuida, alcanzó a 92,3%. Los triglicéridos aumentados 57,6%.Conclusiones:el 100% de las pacientes con SM mostró concentraciones elevadas de insulina. No se encontró asociación entre el SM y las alteraciones del factor de crecimiento placentario (p1GF), ni con el Índice de pulsatilidad de las arterias uterinas (IP)4.
Envelhecimento e homossexualidade masculina em pesquisas antropológicas brasileiras: corpos, sexualidades e relacionamentos
Authors: Simões Júlio Assis
Published: June 2024

Desde a virada do milênio, em meio à crescente relevância social alcançada pelas questões de sexualidade e gênero como domínios privilegiados de autodefinição pessoal, produção de subjetividades, manifestações coletivas e reivindicações políticas, assistimos ao aumento de estudos e pesquisas nas ciências sociais brasileiras, especialmente na antropologia, sobre diversidade sexual e de gênero. Essa crescente literatura tem sido objeto de várias resenhas e balanços críticos. Este capítulo é um esforço de reflexão sobre investimentos etnográficos realizados no cruzamento entre envelhecimento e homossexualidade masculina, a partir de minha própria experiência e pesquisa e da de outros pesquisadores mais jovens que se dedicaram a relacionar esses temas.
A gestão do envelhecimento e a sexualidade: revisitando imagens e narrativas
Authors: Brigeiro Mauro , Debert Guita Grin
Published: June 2024

Este capítulo reflete sobre a afirmação de que o desejo e a prática sexual não se esgotam na velhice, e é quase sempre o mote reiterado das reflexões contemporâneas sobre a sexualidade nas fases avançadas da vida. Os argumentos a respeito são úteis para a análise antropológica acerca do modelo hegemônico de gestão do envelhecimento e das concepções em disputa sobre corpo e erotismo, que têm alcançado expressiva reverberação global. Na última década do século passado, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) adotou oficialmente a expressão “envelhecimento ativo” como eixo de sua política populacional, visando promover uma visão mais abrangente da velhice saudável, reconhecendo outros fatores além dos cuidados da saúde que afetam o modo como os indivíduos e as populações podem e devem conquistar um envelhecimento bem-sucedido
Światowe doświadczenia z subsydiowaniem ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w rolnictwie
Authors: Kulawik Jacek
Published: June 2024

Ten dwuczęściowy artykuł poświęcony jest kluczowym kwestiom subsydiowania ubezpieczeń gospodarczych w rolnictwie w przekroju ogólnoświatowym. Artykuł powstał na podstawie dorobku badaczy związanych z Bankiem Światowym, Organizacją Narodów Zjednoczonych do spraw Wyżywienia i Rolnictwa (FAO), International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) i Organizacją Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju (OECD) oraz przeglądu literatury przedmiotu dokonanego za pomocą zmodyfikowanej techniki a snowba l l ing ba ckward połączonej z techniką manualną. Podejście to zatem mieści się w konwencji przeglądu systematycznego. Dodatkowo do selekcji i analizy problemów wykorzystano długoletnie doświadczenia autora artykułu w zakresie ubezpieczeń rolnych i zarządzania ryzykiem w rolnictwie. Część pierwsza koncentruje się na przeglądzie uzasadnień (przesłanek) subsydiowania ubezpieczeń rolnych, jego wpływie na rynek tych ubezpieczeń oraz decyzje podejmowane w wyżej wymienionym obszarze przez producentów rolnych. Jego podstawowym celem jest uogólnienie wiedzy, by lepiej
zrozumieć dokonujące się procesy, funkcjonujące mechanizmy oraz zależności i w ślad za tym poprawiać skuteczność oraz efektywność tej formy interwencji publicznej. Z dokonanej analizy wynikają trzy wnioski. Po pierwsze, w świecie stosuje się bardzo szeroki zestaw argumentów na rzecz subsydiowania ubezpieczeń rolnych, które odwołują się zarówno do teorii ekonomii, jak i do przesłanek społeczno-politycznych, z natury trudnych do weryfikacji empirycznej i profesjonalnej ewaluacji samej interwencji. Po drugie, subsydiowanie cen produktów ubezpieczeniowych w warunkach c e t e r i s pa r ibus prowadzi do ilościowego rozwoju ich rynku, ale w długim okresie ceny te powinny jednak bazować na solidnych podstawach aktuarialnych. Po trzecie, stosowanie subsydiów ubezpieczeniowych powoduje, że rolnicy w momencie rozważania zakupu ochrony, poza dążeniem do redukcji swej ekspozycji na ryzyka,
kierują się także możliwością uzyskania dodatkowego transferu budżetowego.

Słowa kluczowe: decyzje ubezpieczeniowe rolników, popyt ubezpieczeniowy w rolnictwie, subsydiowanie ubezpieczeń rolnych, ubezpieczenia rolne.
Wpływ pomocy finansowej w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na stan rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce w latach 2014–2022
Authors: Szalast-Piwińska Małgorzata
Published: June 2024

W artykule przedstawiono stan rolnictwa ekologicznego w Polsce w latach 2014–2022
w aspekcie dopłat dla tego sektora m.in. ze środków unijnych. Celem opracowania jest
przedstawienie związku między rozwojem rolnictwa ekologicznego a jego dofinansowaniem oraz dynamiki zmian w analizowanym okresie. Celem aplikacyjnym jest dostarczenie wniosków do zwiększenia zainteresowania rolników ekologiczną produkcją. Podstawowym problemem do rozwiązania jest spadek liczby gospodarstw ekologicznych i zmniejszanie powierzchni użytków rolnych (UR) ekologicznych. Przeprowadzono analizę liczebności gospodarstw ekologicznych i powierzchni UR w województwach, zmian w rodzajach produkcji i strukturze powierzchni UR. Zaprezentowano wsparcie rolnictwa ekologicznego ze środków krajowych i unijnych. Opracowanie uzupełniono o propozycje dopłat na lata 2023–2027.
Zastosowano metodę badawczą d e sk re s e a rch. Wykorzystano m.in. dane, raporty,
informacje dostępne online (na stronach internetowych) oraz krajowe i zagraniczne
akty prawne. Z analizy danych wynika, że rozwój rolnictwa ekologicznego zależy od wielkości dopłat i odpowiedniego potencjału produkcyjnego gospodarstw. Przeciwdziałanie regresowi w tym sektorze zależy także od rozwiązań prawnych i organizacyjnych gwarantujących osiąganie odpowiednich dochodów z produkcji ekologicznej.

Słowa kluczowe: Plan Strategiczny dla Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej (PS WPR), płatności
ekologiczne, Program Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich (PROW), rolnictwo ekologiczne, Wspólna Polityka Rolna (WPR).
VALIDEZ APARENTE Y CONFIABILIDAD DEL INSTRUMENTO “LA EDUCACIÓN VIRTUAL Y LA SATISFACCIÓN DE LOS ESTUDIANTES EN LOS CURSOS VIRTUALES”
Authors: Tenorio Zugeyli , González Ortega Yariela
Published: June 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo la adaptación del instrumento de la educación virtual y la satisfacción de los estudiantes en los cursos virtuales” de la autoría de Bernardo E.  (2017).
Metodología: el estudio descriptivo de corte transversal utilizó una muestra de 100 estudiantes del VIII nivel de la carrera de licenciatura en enfermería. el instrumento fue sometido a la validación aparente de expertos para la verificación de la comprensión de los ítems en el nuevo contexto, y a la confiabilidad a través el alfa de Crombach.
Resultados: la evaluación de expertos dio como resultado un coeficiente de proporción de rango por arriba del 0.95 en todos los ítems. y un coeficiente global de 0.95. El instrumento “La educación virtual y la satisfacción de los estudiantes en los cursos virtuales” presentó un Alfa de Cronbach general de 0,92,  
Conclusiones:  el instrumento presenta valores aceptables en las variables de satisfacción de los estudiantes en clase y educación virtuales, para ser utilizado en futuras investigaciones.
Estudio de la fluctuación poblacional de Oediopalpa guerini Baly (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) asociada a caña de azúcar en Natá, Coclé
Authors: Atencio Valdespino Randy , López Silvia C. , Fuentes Angela M. , Vásquez-Osorio Alex , Guerra Moreno Abby
Published: June 2024

El cultivo de la caña de azúcar constituye uno de los cultivos agroindustriales de mayor importancia económica en Panamá, y que es afectado por plagas insectiles primarias y secundarias.  El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar tres técnicas para la captura y la fluctuación poblacional de raspador de la hoja Oediopalpa guerini Baly asociada al cultivo de caña de azúcar en Natá, Coclé.  El área de estudio se estableció dentro de una parcela de caña de azúcar de la variedad E07-06 en Natá.  Se realizaron colectas durante 12 meses, se establecieron 10 puntos de muestreo que consistieron en áreas de caña de 16m2.  Los muestreos fueron realizados utilizando tres tipos de técnicas de muestreo (colecta manual con bolsas plásticas y captura utilizando dos modelos de trampas de plástico PET recicladas).  Los materiales entomológicos colectados de la especie O. guerini fueron llevados a condiciones de laboratorio.  Se determinó la fluctuación poblacional de los insectos asociándola a la precipitación (mm), con frecuencia mensual.  Los resultados indican que hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tratamientos (P < 0.05), donde la captura manual fue superior (captura promedio de 0.225 especímenes por muestra).  Las mayores capturas de especímenes se dieron durante los meses de julio (6), agosto (9) y noviembre (10) de 2023, todas debidas principalmente a capturas manuales.  Existe un coeficiente de correlación moderada de 0.6055 que indica una relación moderada entre la presencia de los especímenes del raspador de las hojas y la precipitación total mensual.  Las conclusiones indican que la técnica más eficaz para la captura de adultos del raspador fueron las colectas manuales en comparación con las capturas con los dos tipos de trampas utilizadas durante el estudio.  Existe una relación entre la presencia de poblaciones del raspador de las hojas y el incremento de las precipitaciones en la estación lluviosa en una determinada zona.  Esta información es clave para el pronóstico de posibles ataques de esta plaga en caña de azúcar.
From caution to guidance: a narrative review of CrossFit during pregnancy
Authors: Schlegel Petr
Published: June 2024

Public opinion on engaging in vigorous activity during pregnancy remains divided. While numerous examples exist of pregnant women competing at high levels in sports, concerns persist regarding potential adverse effects on maternal and foetal health. CrossFit, known for fostering community and social connection, often remains a continued practice for female athletes during pregnancy, despite its association with high-intensity exercise, Olympic weightlifting, and dynamic movements. This article aims to synthesise current evidence-based information on CrossFit training during pregnancy, objectively outline potential risks, and provide practical recommendations. A narrative review was conducted, sourcing data from PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. Articles were categorised into relevant sections: exercise during pregnancy, high-intensity exercise, resistance training, injuries in CrossFit, and practical applications. In the absence of studies directly assessing CrossFit’s impact on pregnant women, available sources allow us to endorse this form of exercise as safe and beneficial for both maternal and foetal health. Certain exercises, such as jumping and burpees, should be adapted to the specific trimester, while others might be best avoided (such as box jumps and bar muscle-ups). Nonetheless, adherence to professional guidance and medical directives is crucial. The recommendations herein are intended for healthy, physically active pregnant women.
Develi yöresi Alevilerinde ölümle ilgili inanç ve uygulamalar
Authors: Sert Seyyid , Yalçın Ahmet
Published: June 2024

Ölüm insanoğlunun yaratılışının bir parçası ve hayatın kaçınılmaz gerçeğidir. Ölüm her doğan canlının başına gelen evrensel bir olgudur. Hangi inanca, cinsiyete ve topluma ait olursa olsun insanoğlu doğumla başlayan ve ölümle sona eren hayatını daha anlamlı kılabilmek için bu yolda büyük çaba sarf etmiştir. Bu hususta gayretini birtakım dini ritüellerle icrâ etmeye çalışmış ve bunları gelecek nesillere aktarmıştır. İnsan, öldükten sonra hatırlanmak ve sevdiklerini hatırlamak maksadıyla kendisinin de bir gün öleceğini düşünerek tarih boyunca ölüm ve ölümle ilgili ritüelleri hayatının en önemli meselelerinden bir yapmıştır. Bu ritüeller kişinin bağlı bulunduğu inanç ve içinde yaşadığı kültürün değerlerinden esinlenerek oluşturulmuştur. Ölen kimsenin inancı, toplumsal statüsü, vasiyeti, cenaze hizmetini gerçekleştiren kimselerin tutumu gibi değişkenlere bağlı olarak ölüm öncesi ve sonrasında gerçekleştirilen ritüellerde farklılıklar olabilmektedir. Alevilerde ölüm ve ölüm sonrasında gerçekleştirilen ritüeller konusunda yaşadıkları bölgelere göre çeşitli farklılıklar görülebilmektedir. Develi yöresinde yaşayan Alevilerde ölümle ilişkilendirilen inanış ve uygulamalar makalemizin temelini oluşturacaktır. Makalemizi yazarken Alevilikle ilgili kaynaklardan ve bizden önce bu alanda yapılmış olan çalışmalardan yola çıkarak yörede yaşayan katılımcılarla yaptığımız görüşmelerden ve saha gözlemlerinden faydalandık. Ölüm ve sonrası ile ilgili inanış ve uygulamalar hususunda; yörede yaşayan Alevîlerin bazı küçük farklılıklar haricinde Geleneksel Alevîlik anlayışına bağlı kaldığı ve yörede yaşayan Sünnilerden etkilendiği görülmektedir.
Fitness in den eigenen vier Wänden
Authors: Schmitz Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Bewegung: Gute Ernährung und Sport sind die Eckpfeiler, um lange fit zu bleiben und gesund alt zu werden. Wer seinen Körper zu Hause in Topform bringen möchte, dem bietet die Fitnessbranche eine bunte Vielfalt an Betätigungsmöglichkeiten. Von Wolfgang Schmitz
Post Central Line Insertion Complication Rate in Tertiary Care Hospital Comparison between Different Sites
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Ahsan , Saleem Salman , Nawaz Sadaf , Ghawas Ali , Amer Ahsan , Amer Ahmed
Published: June 2024

Objective: To evaluate the post-central line insertion complication rate at various central venous catheterization sites in a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Study Design: Prospective comparative study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Aug 2022 to Jan 2023.
Methodology: Data from 126 patients who had central venous line insertion was collected, and it was assessed for early and delayed complications related to central venous line insertion with respect to site.
Results: The mean age of patients undergoing central venous line insertion was 55.74±12. A total of 38 mechanical complications over 54 years were documented in this study. The rate of pneumothoraxes with internal jugular insertion was 9(7.14%), although this was not statistically significant. Total arterial injuries were 21(0.16%), 10(0.07%) in internal jugular, and 11(0.08%) in femoral. The rate at which one or more delayed complications occurred following a given CVC placement was 8(6.4%). By body part, 31(24.6%) of interjugular central venous catheters and 38(30.12%) of femoral central venous catheters had at least one delayed problem. The total catheter-related blood stream infection was higher with central lines inserted in the femoral vein. No complications were reported in 37 patients.
Conclusion: Both internal jugular and femoral sites cause more delayed complications than mechanical complications. At the femoral site, the catheter-related bloodstream infection rate was higher.
Moderate to Severe Thrombocytopenia and Survival Predictors in Pregnant Women During the Post-COVID-19 Pandemic ERA
Authors: Naz Sofia , Bano Islam , Andleeb Munnaza , Waseem Zahra , Nisar Zoha
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count ≤100,000/ml) in pregnant women during routine follow-up visits and assess the associated risk of maternal death.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi and Combined Military Hospital, Quetta Pakistan, from May to Dec 2022.
Methodology: The study included ninety-four pregnant women who had a history of COVID-19 infection in their current pregnancy or in the past, had been vaccinated against the Sars-CoV-2 virus, and had a platelet count of less than 100,000/mL. Regression analysis was used to determine whether variables were significant predictors of survival, and appropriate statistical tests were used to evaluate significant relationships.
Results: During the study period, 2,104 patients gave birth vaginally or by caesarean section. For this duration, the frequency of pregnant women with platelet counts below 100,000/ml was calculated at 4.47%. Only four of the 94 patients died. Potential survival predictors identified were hemoglobin level, COVID-19 infection history, and COVID-19 infection during the current pregnancy.
Conclusions: The frequency of patients with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia has increased from 1% to 4.47 percent in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era. Pregnant women with moderate to severe thrombocytopenia have significant predictors of survival, including a history of COVID-19 infection, current COVID-19 infection, and haemoglobin levels.
Ultrasound Guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: An Effective Diagnostic Tool in Pulmonary Medicine
Authors: Qureshi Abdul Rasheed , Mumtaz Babar , Akhtar Zaheer , Ashraf Zeeshan , Sajid Muhammad , Amir Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and safety of fine needle aspiration cytology performed under ultrasound guidance.
Study Design: Comparative prospective study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pulmonology Out-Patient Department, Gulab Devi Teaching Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from Jun 2018 to Dec 2019.
Methodology: One hundred and twenty-four patients of age 10-80 years, with pulmonary, mediastinal, pleural or chest wall lesions, fulfilling the minimal fitness criteria were included. Aspiration was done by a 23-gauge needle, smear made, and fixed slides were sent to the Cytology Department for evaluation. Complications were monitored. Findings were recorded on preformed proforma.
Results: 121/124(97.6%) aspirates were adequate while 03 cases (2.4%) were reported not representing the lesion. Fifty cases (41.3%) showed malignant cytology, 71/121 aspirates (58.7%) were non-malignant. A specific cell type could be characterized in 84.5% non-malignant and 68.0% malignant aspirates. Complications were a few drops bleeding at needle aspiration site in 7.5 % and minor pain in 12.0 % patients.
Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology under ultrasound guidance is an effective and safe diagnostic tool in pulmonary medicine.
Can Dynamic Changes in Inflammatory Markers Predict Outcomes in COVID-19 Infection?
Authors: Tahir Umama , Muhammad Siraj , Arshad Abdul Rehman , Mallhi Muhammad Azam , Tahir Yumna
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the role of dynamic changes in inflammatory markers over initial 48 hours after admission in predicting outcomes of COVID-19 infection.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2020.
Methodology: Indoor patients with positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2 were included in the study. Serum C-reactive protein, Ferritin and LDH levels were tested within 60 minutes of admission and the course of these markers was monitored over 48 hrs. In-hospital mortality was also recorded.
Results: There were 92 patients in this study, having a mean age of 53.80±16.20 years. In-hospital, 14 patients (15.22%) died whereas the rest were discharged. Median and interquartile ranges for changes in Serum CRP, Ferritin and LDH over the first 48 hours of admission were -10.00(-56.35–2.68) mg/L, -5.50(-100.00–193.50) ng/ml and -23.50(-162.00–81.50) U/L respectively. Increase in Serum Ferritin ≥128.5 ng/ml had 64.29% sensitivity and 74.36% specificity for predicting in- hospital mortality. Changes in C-reactive protein and Lactate Dehydrogenase did not have a predictive role in our study.
Conclusion: Rise in Serum Ferritin levels over first two days of admission was associated with increased risk of death.
Theophylline versus NSAID in the Treatment of Postdural Puncture Headache in Obstetric Patients
Authors: Mehmood Tariq , Khan Rao Ali Shan , Qarni Muhammad Awais , Kayani Kaukab Majeed , Khalid Usman , Iftikhar Hina
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of oral Theophylline compared to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the management of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients.
Study Design: Quasi-experimental Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Anaesthesia Department, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Apr to Sep 2018.
Methodology: Our study enrolled 60 pregnant women suffering from postdural puncture headache. The were divided in to two groups, NSAID-Group (Group-A) who received 30mg of Ketorolac in three divided doses in 24 hours and Theophylline- Group (Group-B) who received 750mg of oral Theophylline in three divided doses in 24 hours after which effects of both drugs were noted.
Results: Pregnant women were enrolled in NSAID-Group and in Theophylline Group. Mean baseline Visual Analogue Scale score was 7.500±0.97 in NSAID-Group and 7.33±0.92 in Theophylline Group. Mean weight was 66.86±5.25 kg in NSAID-Group and 67.16±7.01 Kg in Theophylline-Group. In NSAID-Group efficacy was noted in 7(23.3%) patients as compared to 25(83.3%) patients in Theophylline-Group, (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Theophylline when given orally in the management of postdural puncture headache proved to be a superior alternative to NSAID medication.
Comparison between Primary Repair and Ileostomy in the Management of Typhoid Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Shah Utban Ali , Rameez S M Ammar , Bajwa Khurram Sarfaraz , Javed Momina , Iqbal Tabish , Malik Asad
Published: June 2024

Objective: To compare the outcomes of primary repair with ileostomy in the management of typhoid intestinal perforation.
Study Design: Quasi-Experimental Study.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgical Departments of Combined Military Hospital, and Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Nov 2021 to Jun 2022.
Methodology: A total of 400 patients presenting with typhoid ileal perforation were recruited. Patients of either gender, aged under 60 years with a positive blood culture for S. Typhi were included. Those with a history of abdominal surgery or ileal perforation due to any cause other than typhoid were excluded. The study population was categorized into two groups (A, and B) of 200 patients each. Group-A received primary repair, and Group-B received ileostomy. Complications were compared between both groups. A primary outcome (mortality) was also examined.
Results: Mean age of patients noted was 22.47±14.8 years. In Group-A, 124(62%) patients, and in Group-B 118(59%) patients were males. Postoperative wound infection was the most frequent complication found, in 32(16%) patients in Group-A and 44(22%) patients in Group-B. No complications were found in 96(48%) patients in Group-A and
80(40%) patients in Group-B. The mortality rate was higher in Group-B 34(17%) in comparison to Group-A 22(11%).
Conclusions: Primary repair is a safe technique, and it has less morbidity and mortality in comparison to ileostomy for treatment of typhoid intestinal perforation.
Development of Android-Based Interactive Multimedia in E-Learning
Authors: Azizah Alif Luthvi , Destini Frida , Hariyanto Hariyanto
Published: June 2024

The utilization of digital media in e-learning has become one of the alternatives to conduct teaching and learning activities more efficiently when faced with challenges such as long distances, a lack of physical learning spaces, shifts in class schedules, and so on. One of the innovations in e-learning is the development of multimedia learning materials that can optimize the learning process and output. The research aims to develop interactive multimedia learning media based on Android for e-learning. The research method used is a development-research, which includes: 1) Research and information collecting; 2) Planning; 3) Developing a preliminary form of product; 4) Preliminary field testing; 5) Main product revision; 6) Main field testing; 7) Operational product revision; 8) Operational field testing; 9) Final product revision; 10) Dissemination and implementation. The product was tested in a class G PGSD (Elementary School Teacher Education) at FKIP University of Lampung with 34 students. Based on the research results, the Android-based interactive multimedia developed was found to enhance students' cognitive skills, with an N-gain score of 0.729, categorized as "High". The implications of this research indicate the importance of utilizing technology in developing instructional media. The positive outcomes of using Android-based interactive multimedia in enhancing students' cognitive skills can serve as a basis for further studies aimed at creating engaging, innovative, and enjoyable learning experiences.
Testamento político de Duarte, Movimiento laboral, Nueva organización política, Debate nacional
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 476, 1988: 569-590.
Duarte, el final de una presidencia
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: June 2024

No abstract available.

ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 43, No. 476, 1988: 461-485.
Evaluating the sustainability of South Africa’s gambling industry
Authors:   , Mlobeli Siphamandla
Published: June 2024

South Africa is a developing country that prides itself on having in-depth understanding of gambling activities. People engage in gambling activities like casino games and lotteries. Even though gambling activities have evolved from being a relatively unusual occurrence limited to brick-and-mortar casinos, bingo halls, race and sports books, it has become a technologically sophisticated sector that is growing significantly every year. The gambling activities have transforms how individuals gamble. People gamble in the comfort of their own homes. However, the growing importance of unregulated (and thus illegal) gambling in South Africa is a troubling trend. This study aimed at investigating the opportunities for the South African gambling sector to continue operating in the face of declining revenues. To establish the set objectives, this study adopted the use of qualitative methods particularly purposive sampling. The researcher acquired a representative sample of the three CEOs and 12 players from each of the three companies, Gold Circle, HollywoodBets, and Phumelela Gaming. In a similar vein, the 12 clients chosen from the three businesses have a history of doing business with them. The findings of the study revealed that both internal and external elements contributed to the industry's swift drop in fortunes. The internal variables include marketing, culture, issues with tax income, racing, wagering, and the use of human capital. Education, innovation, globalisation, a lack of skilled workers, economic and political instability, legal issues, restrictions on gambling, change, and government backing are some of the external variables. The study recommended significant government assistance for the industry. The national gambling board should also see to the closure of all illegal gambling establishments. The sudden increase in licence renewal costs and tax revenue needs to be investigated, to help the business regain its financial stability.
The influence of modern technology on emerging entrepreneurs in rural KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province
Authors:   , Langry Fiona
Published: June 2024

Information and communication technology (ICT) gives emerging entrepreneurs a greater opportunity to expand their companies, but many companies are unable to grow into engines of rural economic growth and job creation due to the difficulties associated with adopting and using ICTs. The purpose of this research is to describe the findings of an empirical study on the application of modern technology by emerging entrepreneurs in rural KwaZulu-Natal and its implications, both theoretical and practical, for the expansion of rural small and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs). Many decision-makers are concerned about the concept of rural industrialization and the ways in which it might boost the economic growth of rural small, micro and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs). The study also seeks to gain an understanding, knowledge, and awareness of how the application of modern technology could help in the development of robust rural industrialization, which would have a positive change in the economic climate of rural SMMEs. A quantitative analysis was undertaken for this study, and empirical data was collected from 384 participants in this study, all of whom were company managers or owners of small, micro and medium-sized enterprises (SMMEs) located in the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The statistical application, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28.0 was used to conduct the analysis once the data had been inputted into the computer in accordance with the question codes that were pre determined. The findings of the study suggest that rural entrepreneurs encounter a diverse range of challenges that have a substantial impact on their operational effectiveness. The existence of these challenges presents significant barriers, hindering their ability to engage in innovative and creative endeavours, hence limiting their potential to make substantial contributions to the advancement of sustainable development. The findings identified that access to finance, lack of training and skilled employees and lack of ICT infrastructure were the primary catalysts that influenced modern technology adoption by emerging entrepreneurs in rural KwaZulu-Natal Province. As a result of this research, this paradigm will be enlightened, and new knowledge perspectives will be disclosed. It is conceivable for policymakers to encourage emerging entrepreneurs in rural areas to use ICT in their businesses, which will, in turn, inspire other entrepreneurs to look up to these adopters and follow them, ultimately contributing to an increase in the usage of ICT in rural communities
Impreactory Psalms Dalam Konteks Ancient Near East (ANE) Dan Perjanjian Lama
Authors: Tarigan Winardi
Published: June 2024

Expressions of revenge or curses against enemies in psalms are often called imprecatory psalms. In investigating psalm texts containing curses, experts usually relate them to the Ancient Near East (ANE) cultural background and several texts in the Old Testament as the basis or reference. This research will explore the relationship between imprecise Psalms and the tradition of curses in ANE culture and the practice of curses in the Old Testament outside the Psalms. So, it will provide a comprehensive contribution to evaluating imprecise psalms in the context of the ANE and Old Testament. Are the curses in the three contexts the same or have significant differences? The author attempts to review and evaluate curses in these three contexts through descriptive studies, literature reviews, contextual analysis, and comparative studies. While there are influences and similarities in the use of curses between Psalms and ANE cultures and the Old Testament, it cannot be avoided that there are also differences that need to be considered to understand the context and purpose of the use of curses in the psalms. Interpreters must highlight the differences in genre, meaning, and essence between curses in the context of the ANE and the Old Testament and the imprecatory psalms. However, considering this background in interpretation will broaden the understanding and insight into the imprecatory in the context of modern Christianity.
Figur Ayub di Yakobus 5:11 Sebagai Simbol Solidaritas Dan Pengharapan Dalam Penderitaan
Authors: Jani Jani , Dugan Donovan , Agan Lie
Published: June 2024

Scholarly confusion about what James had in mind when describing Job as an example of hypomone (fortitude) has been the subject of much debate. This scholarly article argues that James intentionally raises the figure of Job as a representation for those who experience suffering. The study adopts a hermeneutic approach to explore the linguistic and theological dimensions underlying the choice of Job as the main symbol of the issue of suffering. The findings indicate that James evidently utilizes the figure of Job as a symbol of solidarity and hope for his congregational community who are facing suffering. Job is portrayed as a figure who is steadfast and hopeful in the face of suffering, providing an example for people who are suffering to always be patient and have faith in God's plan. Through the reference to Job, James wanted to affirm the afflicted congregation that they are not alone, but there is solidarity from God and others who are also experiencing similar suffering. This gives optimism that the suffering will end and God will restore their condition. This study also found that James' choice of the figure of Job has a deep theological meaning, which is to affirm the belief in a loving and merciful God, who has the best plan for His people even through the path of suffering.
Assessment Prevalence of Thrombocytopenia in Chronic Hepatitis B and C
Authors: Durib Ali Kareem , Hassan Zainab Ahmad , Viktorovich Zorkin Michael
Published: June 2024

Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in chronic liver disease characterized by a low platelet count, which is lower than the normal platelet count < 150 X10 9. The condition had variable incidence, regarding viral hepatitis and is more common in hepatitis C than B. Aim of the study: Assess the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (lower than normal platelet count) in patients proved to have hepatitis B and C by RNA testing. Cross sectional study included 50 viral hepatitis patients (HCV and HBV diagnosed previously), all patients were evaluated for complete blood count and liver function test. Males were forming 68% of all participant, 58% were HBV patients and 42% were HCV patients. The overall prevalence of Thrombocytopenia was 46%. The mean platelet level in HCV was177.43 ± 18.19 with higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia (60.9% vs 39.1%) in hepatitis C than B, with no association between gender and liver functions. Thrombocytopenia one of common complications in viral hepatitis, despite that both HCV and HBV had lower platelet count in comparison to normal person, the count is much more lower in HCV patients with higher prevalence of thrombocytopenia in compare to HBV that is more common in male gender.