bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Students’ Needs for TOEFL Preparation Course at University
Authors: Putri Rahmi Eka , Syarif Hermawati
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to identify students’ needs in the TOEFL Preparation course at university. This descriptive research was conducted on thirty first-semester students and the lecturer at Universitas Riau. The instruments were a needs analysis questionnaire for the students and an interview guideline for the lecturer. The results revealed that (1) Most of the students’ abilities were at the basic level; (2) Students took TOEFL Preparation course for several reasons such as to help them get a scholarship and as one of the requirements to finish their study; (3) Students preferred to learn through the teacher-centered method and doing more TOEFL exercises; (4) The lecturer should provide them various examples of TOEFL tests; and (5) The time for having TOEFL Preparation course needed to be extended. Overall, this research implied the need for a newly designed syllabus that could fulfil the students’ needs and could decrease their obstacles in learning TOEFL so that the students’ ability improved significantly.
Marbel Application for Multicultural Based Language Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hayati Maulidiah Rina , Atmazaki Atmazaki , Rozimela Yenni
Published: January 2022

This research is a case study that investigates and compares teachers' perceptions of using the Marbel application for multicultural-based language learning to two experienced elementary school teachers, especially on language skills, namely speaking skills and students' reading skills. Based on the results of the study, it was found that Marbel Budaya Nusantara in multicultural-based language learning could improve students' speaking and reading skills. The Marbel application also prepares teachers, students and parents to meet the demands of online learning. Thus the Marbel Budaya Nusantara application can be used as a multicultural-based language learning medium. This Marbel online educational game is very relevant and useful in improving the quality and quality of education during the pandemic COVID-19.
Experience and Knowledge in the Learning Process Management Perspective in the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Isnanda Romi , Syarif Hermawati
Published: January 2022

Technological progress is something that cannot be avoided in this life, because technological progress will run in accordance with scientific advances. This cannot be separated from the role of education. Thus, as a very important component for humans in living life and social interaction, of course education needs to be carried out consciously and planned, both by stakeholders and education providers, especially teachers and lecturers. Education must continue in any form and condition, as long as the activities of human life in social interaction continue. This condition will certainly also occur during the Covid-19 pandemic. All education providers are required to act more quickly in responding to the existing conditions. Perceptions about the length of interaction with the implementation of education (experience), especially for teachers and lecturers are not the main benchmark for ensuring the success of managing the learning process during the Covid-19 pandemic. A wise effort is to make peace with any conditions and respond wisely to the existing conditions so that wisdom and humility will emerge. In the end, education providers, especially teachers and lecturers, will try to collaborate between experience and knowledge.
Ability to Learn Indonesian Language Through Online Zoom Application System in SMP Negeri 14 Medan
Authors: Pulungan Rosmilan , Syarif Hermawati
Published: January 2022

Indonesia is currently faced with the challenge of the Covid-19 pandemic, in which the government urges the Indonesian people to stay at home. So that learning activities that were originally carried out face-to-face turned into non-face-to-face learning. This study uses descriptive research methods with qualitative analysis techniques. The purpose of this research is to reveal events or facts, circumstances, phenomena, variables and circumstances that occurred during the research by presenting what actually happened. This study uses descriptive research methods with qualitative analysis techniques. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire that was proposed to the sample. With a total of 20 questions, each question is given a score of 5 so that the highest score in this test is 100. The results of this study are the implementation of online learning in class VIII AD SMP Negeri 14 Medan is less effective, especially in learning Indonesian, because in the implementation of online learning students only given the task of working on evaluation questions and only occasionally practice, and the teacher does not know whether the students really understand or not. Considering that students study at home accompanied by their parents or guardians, it is possible that students' assignments are assisted by their parents or guardians.
Digital Text through Hot Potatoes in Supporting Online Learning in Digital Society
Authors: Siregar Syamsiah Depalina , Jasmienti Jasmienti , Anggraini Dian
Published: January 2022

Pandemic era stressed the lecturer to create innovative learning process. The article aimed to show up the benefit of hot potatoes in online learning. Hot potatoes is one  of applications which consists of 6 tools in making interactive exercises. They are J Quiz, J Cross, J Cloze, J Mix, J Match, the masher. It helps lecturer managed exercises based digital text.  It can used on offline. This article used research and development by Addie. There are five steps in Addie model. They are Analysis, design, develop, implementation, and evaluation. Data found that hot potatoes supported students in learning process. They more enjoy in completed the exercises on hot potatoes. Digital text used is decreasing the using of hardcopy, it help students saving the cost.
The Effect of Teaching English Using Realia Media on Students’ Speaking Ability
Authors: Adrianty Uchy Mokho
Published: January 2022

This goal of this study was to see if there was any significant effect on students’ speaking achievement after they were taught using Realia media at MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Pekanbaru. This quantitative research method used a pre-experimental design. The technique of collecting the data used total sampling. It took one class; the eighth grade as an experimental class that consisted of 12 students. The researcher administered one time of pre-test, six times of treatments, and one time of post-test. Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to analyzed the data and the hypothesis testing was analyzed by using SPSS version 20.00 at the significant level of p<0.05. The mean score increased from 43.42 up to 60.92. The result of hypothesis testing showed that the significant (2-tailed) is p value=0.003 and the level of significance is if p value<0.05. It means there was a significant effect on students’ speaking achievement after they were taught by using Realia.
Can Video Motivate Students in Learning English During New Normal Era?
Authors: Syafitri Widya
Published: January 2022

This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the usage of video whether it can motivate students in learning English during new normal era. Educational process, nowadays, can’t be disconnected with technology utilization. Covid-19 has forced the educators to implement technology in teaching process, as government demanded them to conduct blended learning before. In this situation, the students and educators meet some challenges. Feeling of isolated, one of challenges appears in students’ mind. Thus, educators need to find the solution for it. This study was quantitative research method which had 20 students of second semester in Islamic banking as sample. The data collected through distributing questionnaires for pre-treatment and post-treatment. Analyzing results showed that using video in English learning during online class in new normal era was able to motivate students to learn.
Interlanguage of Error Analysis on Students Writing in Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Harahap Winda Siska Perwana
Published: January 2022

This study aims to investigate the interlanguage of error analysis production on students writing. In writing process, there are general problem that occur such error from the interlanguage. This problem certainly getting worse during this Covid -19 pandemic era where the students only have limited direct or face to face English learning for one hour per week. Interlanguage is language used by second or foreign language when prosess of learning the target language. Data collected through documentation technique. The sample was taken using purposive sampling technique. There were five students as the sample. The framework of interlanguage and error analysis was applied in the process of data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the interlanguage of the students is influenced by 78% of language transfer, 10.5%of transfer of training and 10.5%of overgeneralization.
Islands of Astronomy
Authors: Baldacchino Godfrey , Gatt Alexander
Published: January 2022

A global review of islands and their connections with astronomy throughout history up to the contemporary times suggests eight compelling, distinct yet interlocking reasons why islands have been and remain so important to astronomy and astronomers. Islands constitute favourable locations for various types of astronomy-related activities: from tracking satellites and monitoring significant celestial events, to providing exceptional locations to jurisdictions with mandated dark and unpolluted skies. They appeal for their favourable longitude and (especially southern) latitude, as well as for their disposition towards the conditions that the scientific community may expect in an ideal world: relatively clear viewing conditions from a secure, self-contained platform that is, however, endowed with connectivity. This article is written as a contribution to the International Year of Astronomy (2009).
Waste Management Reform In Regions Of The Russian Federation: Implementation Issues On The Way To Sustainable Development
Authors: Dregulo Andrei M. , Khodachek Alexander M.
Published: January 2022

Disposal of production and consumption waste is a worldwide problem. Despite the experience of foreign countries, waste disposal practice in the Russian Federation remains at the level of the 1970s. The method of waste burial at landfill sites prevails, leading to a loss of secondary resources and the appearance of sites of accumulated environmental damage, which is connected with the lack of a clear legal framework for waste management activities. Analysis of waste accumulation standards for apartment buildings in 20 regions of the Russian Federation showed that the difference in accumulation standards can vary by 2.32 times (from 0.125 m3 in the Kursk region to 0.279 m3 in the Voronezh region). At the same time, the difference in the cost of solid waste removal services can be varied by 2.74 times from 51.55 rubles in the Altai Territory (on average in the region) to 141.45 rubles in the Tyumen region. At the same time, the share of the population with incomes below the subsistence minimum in different regions reaches 7 - 36%. This is largely due to the critically low recovery of secondary materials (about 7%). The capacity of landfills in the regions of the European part of Russia (where more than 2/3 of the population lives) is almost exhausted. Many landfills of solid waste are objects of accumulated environmental damage. The decision to introduce the «institute» of “regional environmental operators”, which was adopted at the level of the Russian Federation to implement the waste management reform, has not, yet had any positive effect. Given the constant deficit of the consolidated budgets of most regions, the high level of poverty and the lack of state support, the prospects for waste management reform indicate the need for additional efforts on the part of the state, business and society.
Media Framing on the Palestine-Israel Conflict
Authors: Arrosyid Harun , Halwati Umi
Published: January 2022

The media is a medium for acquiring information, presenting factual information, data accuracy, and holding the responsibilities of news writers and media ethics. With the media’s significant role in constructing information and news, the media should be unbiased. However, the media has its pattern of publishing news, such as the conflict between Israel and Palestine. These contrasts can be seen from the various framing between one media and another, such as the different points of view of news writing, the title, and the images displayed. The purpose of this study is to examine how the media reconstructs the reality of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict. The mass media studied were kompas.com and republika.co.id. The research method uses qualitative research with framing analysis of William A. Gamson and Andre Modigliani. Utilizing framing analyst William A. Gamson, the reality emerges in device framing devices and reasoning devices. The results showed that republika.co.id highlighted the news of the United Nations Security Council, which failed to handle the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and tried to raise the image of Palestine, which desperately needed international support. Meanwhile, kompas.com reported on the conflict more neutrally, reporting the United Nations Security Council’s exertions to stop the conflict.
La Violence Verbale Dans la Bande Dessinée Aya de Yopougon de Marguerite Abouet et Clément Oubrerie
Authors: Buana Adinda Sari , Ismail Subur
Published: January 2022

Cette étude vise à décrire les formes de violence verbale contenues dans les citations dialoguées de la bande dessinée Aya de Yopougon. Cette recherche est une recherche qualitative descriptive avec des techniques de collecte de données faisant référence à des notes et des techniques d'analyse de données.  Les sources de données utilisées dans cette étude sont des citations de dialogues dans la bande dessinée Aya de Yopougon tomes 1 et 2. Cette bande dessinée en six séries a été publiée par Gallimard Jeunesse en 2005 et 2010. Le chercheur a choisi d'utiliser 2 bandes dessinées car le chercheur voulait en trouver plus formes de violence verbale. Les résultats de l'analyse de cette étude indiquent que dans la bande dessinée Aya de Yopougon il existe 2 formes de violence verbale selon Fracchiolla. Sur la base des résultats de l'analyse, obtenu 48 formes de violence verbale dans les citations de dialogue de la bande dessinée Aya de Yopougon volume 1 avec des détails jusqu'à 29 formes de violence verbale intentionnelle, types de violence verbale, 1 forme de violence verbale intentionnelle, types de violence verbale polémique, 1 forme de violence verbale intentionnelle, types de violence verbale indirecte et 1 violence verbale non intentionnelle. Alors que les résultats d'analyse obtenus dans les citations dialoguées du tome 2 de la bande dessinée d'Aya de Yopougon se répartissent en 13 formes de violence verbale intentionnelle, types de violence verbale, 0 formes de violence verbale intentionnelle, types de violence verbale polémique, 2 formes de violence verbale intentionnelle, violence verbale indirecte et 1 violence verbale.Mots-clés : Violence Verbale, Bande Dessinée, Aya De Yopougon.
Analyse De Locutions Verbales Dans La Méthode Version Originale Analysisof Phrasal Verbsin Books Version Originale
Authors: Sihombing Morgen Multi Manuppak
Published: January 2022

Cette recherche concerne sur les analyses de locutions verbales trouvées dans la méthode Version Originale (VO) 1, 2, 3 et 4 en utilisant la théorie de Bernard en fonction de ses types, des locutions verbales les plus dominantes compte-tenu de leurs nombres, et des thèmes proposés par le CECR qui se trouvent à partir de ses utilisations. La méthode utilisée est celle de qualitative. La source des données est la méthode Version Originale 1, 2, 3 et 4. Par rapport aux résultats, les types de locutions verbales trouvées sont locutions non commutables et saturées, locutions non commutables et non saturées, locutions commutables et saturées, et locutions commutables et non saturées avec les structures telles que V+Art.0+N+(Prép), V+Art+N+(Prép), V+Adj, V+Adv, V+Art.0+Prép+N, V+Art+N+Adj, V+V, et V+Art.0+N+Adj. Ensuite, les locutions verbales les plus dominantes sont les locutions verbales avec le verbe de base avoir qui se trouvent dans chaque volume. Et puis, le thème le plus nombreux est Congé et Loisir. Cela se fait 143 fois. Les Relation Avec Les Autres se fait 104 fois. Cela montre que ces thèmes sont souvent traités comme les sujets de communication dans l’apprentissage de français. D’autres thèmes : Achats, Caractérisation Personnelle, Éducation, Langue Étrangère, Maison/Foyer et Environnement, Nourriture et Boisson, Santé et Bien-Être, Services, Vie Quotidienne, et Voyages.Mots-clés : CECR, locutions verbales, Méthode Version Originale
SIGN IN NDUNGNDUNGEN KARO
Authors: RAHMAYANI DINI , GINTINGS ELIA MASA , SIREGAR TIARNITA MARIA SARJANI
Published: January 2022

This study dealt with sign in Ndungndungen Karo. The objectives of the study were to investigate the sign types (icon, index and symbol) used in Ndungndungen nasehat & Adat by using Peirce’s theory. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data of this study were 32 Ndungndungen Orang Tua, consisted of 16 Ndungndungen Nasehat and 16 Ndungndungen Adat from the book entitled 375 Ndungndungen Karo by P.Angelo PK. Purba OFM Cap. For collecting data, this study used the method of literature study and interview. The findings showed that the total numbers of sign classification were 59. There were (46%) Icon, (15%) Index and (39%) symbol. The use of icon became the most dominant types of sign classification found in Ndungndungen Nasehat dan adat after the use of symbol and index. The meanings of sign types (icon, index and symbol) found in Ndungndungen Nasehat dan adat to show their politeness in talk and the messages, advices, or as a guidance to their life.
CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELLING-BUYING IN DOLOK SANGGUL TRADITIONAL MARKET
Authors: MANALU RAYA FITRI , LUBIS FAUZIAH KHAIRANI , TAMBUNAN ANNA RIANA SURYANTI
Published: January 2022

The thesis deals with conversational analysis of selling-buying in DolokSanggul traditional market. The objectives of this study were to find out types and most dominant type of turn-taking used in Batak Toba Seller and buyers in DolokSanggul Traditional market. The study was conducted by using desccriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were conversation and interaction between sellers and buyers during the selling-buying process. The data of this study contained 25 conversations. The data analysis were taken by listing and tabulating the data. The data were analyzed based on the theory that proposed by Sack et al (1974) . The findings inducted that there were three types of turn-taking found in Doloksanggul Traditional market . The finding were showed that   CS2TNS (48%) SS (20%) and SCS (32%) and the most frequent turn-taking occurred in the conversation among seller and buyer is Current Speaker Select the Next Speaker (C2TNS). The conversation described how participant organize their interaction by distributing turns to the speakers. The transition from turn to next with no gap and no overlap are common occurred.
LOGICO-SEMANTIC RELATIONS OF RAJA PARHATA UTTERANCES IN SAUR MATUA CEREMONY
Authors: NAINGGOLAN MARIATI , TETTY MORADA , GULTOM FERIYANTI ELINA
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to identify the types of logico-semantic relations and the use of logico-semantic relations of Raja Parhata in the Saur Matua ceremony. This study was conducted by applying the descriptive qualitative method by Flick (2009). The source of data was Raja Parhata in the Saur Matua ceremony. The result of this research was types of logico-semantic relations can be found in Raja Parhata are paratactic elaboration (44,28%), paratactic enhancement (21,42%), hypotactic elaboration (7,14%), paratactic extension (11,42%), hypotactic enhancement (12,85%), hypotactic extension (2,85%). Moreover, the realization of logico-semantic relations in Raja Parhata’s utterances mostly appears by using conjunction jadi (so), molo (if), and holani (that all), adverbial clause dungi (after that), verb baen (play), and preposition tu (to).
AN ANALYSIS OF EFL AUTONOMOUS LEARNERS IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: INDAH ERICA FAJAR , RACHMAWATI DINA , EVENDDY SUTRIS SADJI
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to find out the factors affecting the autonomous learners in learning English and how these factors can influence the autonomous learners in learning English. This research employed qualitative narrative research. Narrative research was deemed to be relevant for this research since it deals with the specific phenomenon of the autonomous learner which analyzed life experience from the participants in learning English. The research subjects were two identified of autonomous learners. The data was taken by conducted interviews. In analyzing the data, the researcher used some procedures; data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusion/verification. The research revealed a finding related to the research question indicating that (1) internal and external factors were the factors affecting autonomous learners in learning English. From internal factors, it was argued that self- motivation (passion and willingness) was the biggest factor effecting autonomous learners eager to learn English. In addition, they also mentioned several external factors such as the family environment, school environment, and teachers as other factors that affected them in learning English (2) from several factors affecting autonomous learners in learning English, the participants also explained how these factors could encourage them in learning English, because of there were self-initiation, self-direction, and self-realization in themselves that stimulate them to become autonomous in learning. From these findings, it can be inferred that teachers or lecturers could play a role to promote students learning autonomy in order to stimulate students’ others positive psychological behavior, English proficiency and academic achievement.
Perdidos en las emociones y la traducción: regulación de emociones en estudiantes de traducciónn
Authors: Farias Córdova Rocio Adriana , Wiesse Ramos Diana Lucía
Published: January 2022

Este artículo de investigación analiza las estrategias que los estudiantes de traducción de una universidad peruana emplean para regular sus emociones. Los resultados muestran los generadores de emociones más comunes: la recepción de calificaciones menores a aquellas esperadas, la falta de confianza en sus bagajes conceptuales y temáticos, aspectos de la metodología de la clase y la relación con docentes y compañeros. Los estudiantes se inician con el uso de estrategias disfuncionales, como la rumiación y la autoculpa; sin embargo, llegan a usar estrategias funcionales para cumplir con los objetivos del curso, como la refocalización de los planes.
Con la voz y las manos: gestos icónicos en interpretación simultánea
Authors: Fernández Santana Alba , Martín de León Celia
Published: January 2022

Desde una perspectiva corpórea de la cognición, los gestos representacionales se han descrito como creaciones espontáneas que emergen de la producción de imágenes mentales durante los procesos de construcción de significados. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar el papel que desempeñan este tipo de gestos en los procesos de construcción de significados de los intérpretes simultáneos. Con este fin, se han estudiado las relaciones entre los gestos icónicos realizados espontáneamente por cuatro intérpretes en cabina y las imágenes mentales que recordaban haber producido durante la interpretación. Los resultados ofrecen indicios convergentes de una vinculación entre los gestos analizados y las imágenes mentales descritas por las participantes y permiten formular algunas hipótesis sobre el origen y las funciones de los gestos icónicos producidos por los intérpretes durante la interpretación simultánea.
Entre el pensamiento y la creación. Ensayo y literatura en Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Ordiz Vázquez Francisco Javier
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo analiza la obra ensayística de Carlos Fuentes. Se estructura a partir de una clasificación que atiende a los tres ámbitos temáticos más relevantes que integran el corpus, para ir señalando en su desarrollo las ideas principales del autor y su relación con algunas de sus novelas más destacadas. La conclusión nos lleva a valorar estos textos no solo como una contribución al pensamiento de su época sino también como un apoyo inestimable a la hora de interpretar y comprender en todo su alcance la creación literaria del escritor mexicano.
Effects of forages, dust exposure and proresolving lipids on airway inflammation in horses
Authors: Olave Carla J. , Ivester Kathleen M. , Couëtil Laurent L. , Franco-Marmolejo Jackeline , Mukhopadhyay Abhijit , Robinson J. Paul , Park Jae H.
Published: January 2022

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3)–derived proresolving lipid mediators (PRLM) in the resolution of mild airway inflammation in horses.

ANIMALS

20 horses with mild airway inflammation.

PROCEDURES

Horses previously eating hay were fed hay pellets (low Ω-3 content; n = 10) or haylage (high Ω-3 content; 9) for 6 weeks. Dust exposure was measured in the breathing zone with a real-time particulate monitor. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline, week 3, and week 6. The effect of PRLM on neutrophil apoptosis and efferocytosis was examined in vitro. BAL fluid inflammatory cell proportions, apoptosis of circulating neutrophils, efferocytosis displayed by alveolar macrophages, and plasma lipid concentrations were compared between groups fed low and high amounts of Ω-3 by use of repeated measures of generalized linear models.

RESULTS

Dust exposure was significantly higher with hay feeding, compared to haylage and pellets, and equivalent between haylage and pellets. BAL fluid neutrophil proportions decreased significantly in horses fed haylage (baseline, 11.8 ± 2.4%; week 6, 2.5 ± 1.1%) but not pellets (baseline, 12.1 ± 2.3%; week 6, 8.5% ± 1.7%). At week 6, horses eating haylage had significantly lower BAL neutrophil proportions than those eating pellets, and a significantly lower concentration of stearic acid than at baseline. PRLM treatments did not affect neutrophil apoptosis or efferocytosis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Despite similar reduction in dust exposure, horses fed haylage displayed greater resolution of airway inflammation than those fed pellets. This improvement was not associated with increased plasma Ω-3 concentrations. Feeding haylage improves airway inflammation beyond that due to reduced dust exposure, though the mechanism remains unclear.
Pressure Evaluation of Seamless Yoga Leggings Designed with Partition Structure
Authors: Wang Weirong , Yu Xuliang , Cong Honglian
Published: January 2022

It is a novel approach to design the partition structure of clothing according to the deformation of the human body surface skin during exercise. The functional evaluation of these products remains unknown, and there is limited knowledge about the effects of the partition structure design on the pressure comfort of clothing. This research carried out a partitioned structural design of the leggings based on the skin deformation of the lower limbs of the human body during yoga exercise and developed two styles of seamless yoga leggings. The skin pressure exerted by the new seamless yoga leggings was compared with two commercial yoga leggings. Eight female college students were invited to wear all the yoga leggings samples and perform yoga exercises. The skin pressure exerted by yoga leggings was measured by the German novel-Pliance multipurpose pressure distribution measurement system on 10 body positions. The results showed that yoga leggings designed with a partitioned structure exert a comfortable pressure on the skin during yoga exercise, and the pressure change was smaller under different yoga postures, which has better pressure stability. The partition structure design model of seamless yoga leggings was optimized, which provided a reference for the functional partition design and product development of seamless yoga leggings.
Relationship of Resistance-Related Enzyme Activity and Salicylic Acid Content in Phalaenopsis Species with Different Levels of Resistance to Dickeya dadantii
Authors: Sanjaya I Putu Wahyu , Sukma Dewi , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Chan Ming-Tsair
Published: January 2022

Orchids (Phalaenopsis) are ornamental plants that are cultivated commercially and in great demand in the market. Soft-rot disease (SRD) caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Dickeya dadantii is a cause of considerable economic loss to cultivators of many orchid species. Our previous experiment identified a limited number of species that were resistant to D. dadantii. This study aimed to validate the resistance level of four Phalaenopsis species in a detached leaf inoculation protocol to identify the resistance mechanism(s) involved. Soft-rot symptom diameter was measured from 6 to 18 hours post-inoculation (HPI) with D. dadantii. Disease assessment confirmed that P. amboinensis is a resistant species, P. pantherina is a susceptible species, and P. amabilis and P. schilleriana are very susceptible species. There was no difference in the lignin content between the resistant and very susceptible species. Detailed observation of resistant and very susceptible species, P. amboinensis vs. P. amabilis, revealed higher phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and peroxidase (POD) in P. amabilis than in P. amboinensis. In contrast, there was higher salicylic acid (SA) content in P. amboinensis than in P. amabilis. These results suggest that POD and PAL activities may not be effective in defense against soft-rot disease, while SA plays an important role in the resistance of P. amboinensis to D. dadantii. Low PAL activity in P. amboinensis implies that the SA contents from the isochorismate pathway may be involved in the mechanism of P. amboinensis resistance to D. dadantii. Therefore, endogenous SA content may be a good indicator for screening resistant species in Phalaenopsis.
Wind Tunnel Experiment of Multi-Mode ARC Sail Device
Authors: Zhang Huawu , Hu Yihuai , He Jianhai
Published: January 2022

A ship’s wind energy utilization device with multi-mode arc-shaped sails is designed, which have different working modes for sail-assisting or wind power generation according to the ship’s navigation. The structural characteristics and working principles of this device are firstly described in this paper. Three sets of arc-shaped sails with different thickness (4.5 cm, 11.3 cm, 21.7 cm) were designed. Wind tunnel experiments were carried out in the respects of sail-assisting performance and wind-power generation to determine the best sail blade shape and to verify the energy-saving effect of this device. Experiments show that the sail with the smallest thickness (4.5 cm) has a better boosting effect than others, and the sail with the largest thickness (21.7 cm) has the best wind power generation performance. Considering the lateral force and the structural strength of the support, in the case of the comprehensive evaluation for the boosting and power generation performance, it is considered that the intermediate thickness (11.3 cm) is the best choice. The device has a good comprehensive energy utilization effect and has development and application value.
Diagnostic Information Analysis of Quickly Changing Temperature of Exhaust Gas from Marine Diesel Engine Part I Single Factor Analysis
Authors: Puzdrowska Patrycja
Published: January 2022

In this paper, attention was paid to the problem of low controllability of marine medium- and high-speed engines during operation, which significantly limits the parametric diagnosis. The measurement of quickly changing temperature of engine exhaust gas was proposed, the courses of which can be a source of diagnostic information. The F statistic of the Fisher-Snedecor distribution was chosen as a statistical tool. Laboratory tests were carried out on the bench of a Farymann Diesel engine. The tests consisted of introducing the real changes in the constructional structure of the considered functional systems of the engine. Three changed parameters for the structure were reviewed: the active cross-sectional area of the inlet air channel, injector opening pressure and compression ratio. Based on the recorded plots of the quick-changing temperatures of the exhaust gases, three diagnostic measures were defined and subjected to statistical tests. The following data were averaged over one cycle for a 4-stroke piston engine operation, (1) the peak-to-peak value of the exhaust gas temperature, (2) the specific enthalpy of the exhaust gas, and (3) the rate of increase and decrease in the values for the quick-changing exhaust gas temperature.

In this paper will present results of the first stage of the elimination study: the one-factor statistical analysis (randomised complete plan). The next part will present the results of the second stage of studies: two-factor analysis (block randomised plan), where the significance of the effect of changing the values of the structure parameters on the diagnostic measures was analysed in the background of a variable engine load.
Positive And Negative Effects Of Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) On Post-Communist Economies—The Case Study Of Hungary
Authors: Chiran Dadiana
Published: January 2022

Hungary is in many respects a diligent student of transition, one that has successfully gathered the spoils of transition in spite of initial drawbacks. The article argues that Hungary had a facilitated entry into the wormhole of transition because of pre-democratic initiatives to implement competitive fiscal measures—mainly in the years prior to the fall of the Iron Curtain. However, the gradual transition reached an end by 1995 due to debt accumulations that triggered an internal market reformation. The article further suggests that, in the process, the impact of the FDI has been bittersweet during the transition; on the one hand, foreign capital infusions balanced the state budget, corrected the deficit and transferred know-how. On the other hand, the FDI-based transition produced fragmentation and high dependency of the national economy on unstable foreign capital, rendering a component of unsustainability to the Hungarian economy and the risk of entry into a low added-value chain profile.
Better Activism, Feminist Organisations Responses In Post-Revolution Tunisia
Authors: Ghali Nawel
Published: January 2022

In the post-revolution period, women’s rights in Tunisia was a primary topic debated all through the new constitution drafting process. A heated debate between the Islamists and the so-called secularists about this issue was raised that has created tension between the two sides. Tunisia has collaborative and vibrant civil society activists who played a crucial role in protecting women’s rights. This research intends to focus on the discourses of change in gender roles that have been raised in post-revolution and on the role played by civil society in protecting women’s rights. This study aims to analyse data and recent events related to this subject, relying on secondary data sources to draw a clearer picture and to construct a deeper academic analysis of this topic.
Addressing Economic Fragmentation: Modelling Regional Gambling Tourism In The Context Of Social Fields Theory
Authors: Valič Tamara Besednjak , Uršič Erika Džajić
Published: January 2022

The trend in development is going from slow withdrawal from mass tourism to a growing demand for small-scale local, customer-tailored travel experiences. The main question is balancing two main tourism development models: mass tourism connected to gambling, on the one hand, and customer-oriented local experience on the other. How should policymakers proceed in shaping the development of policies supporting both models? We discuss case studies proposed to build a qualitative multi-criteria decision model to evaluate the appropriateness of the development of new models encompassing the two mentioned. Therefore, the multi-criteria decision method DEX and the DEXi software tool are practical options for decision support in gambling tourism management. This study quickly analyses basic concepts of the DEX method and possible applications on actual life decisions and valuation problems.
Morphological Tagging and Lemmatization in the Albanian Language
Authors: Mati Diellza Nagavci , Hamiti Mentor , Mollakuqe Elissa
Published: January 2022

An important element of Natural Language Processing is parts of speech tagging. With fine-grained word-class annotations, the word forms in a text can be enhanced and can also be used in downstream processes, such as dependency parsing. The improved search options that tagged data offers also greatly benefit linguists and lexicographers. Natural language processing research is becoming increasingly popular and important as unsupervised learning methods are developed. There are some aspects of the Albanian language that make the creation of a part-of-speech tag set challenging.

This research provides a discussion of those issues linguistic phenomena and presents a proposal for a part-of-speech tag set that can adequately represent them.

The corpus contains more than 250,000 tokens, each annotated with a medium-sized tag set. The Albanian language’s syntagmatic aspects are adequately represented. Additionally, in this paper are morphologically and part-of-speech tagged corpora for the Albanian language, as well as lemmatize and neural morphological tagger trained on these corpora. Based on the held-out evaluation set, the model achieves 93.65% accuracy on part-of-speech tagging, The morphological tagging rate was 85.31 % and the lemmatization rate was 88.95%. Furthermore, the TF-IDF technique weighs terms and with the scores are highlighted words that have additional information for the Albanian corpus.
Falstaff’s Gluttony, Lust, Avarice, Sloth and Pride in Henry IV Part I
Authors: Iliev Krste
Published: January 2022

This paper aims at looking at Shakespeare’s character Falstaff through the prism of some of the seven deadly sins. The paper doesn’t claim that it explores all the sins present in Falstaff’s personality. The main sins that this paper examines in Falstaff’s personality are the sins of gluttony, lust, avarice, sloth, and pride. The presence of so many sins in the personality of one character that are interconnected is known as concatenation of sins. As Bernard Spivack (1958) and David Wiles (1987) have explained, in many ways Falstaff serves as the Vice figure from the morality plays tempting Prince Hal. Since in the morality plays the Vice figure stems and is associated mainly to the seven deadly sins, this paper will try to show that the fact that Falstaff possesses so many sins can facilitate the possibility of him being identified as stemming from the Vice figure from the morality plays. I will try to find each of the afore-mentioned sins by analyzing Falstaff actions and inactions and by trying to find characteristics of the sins present in Falstaff’s behavior. This paper will also look at Falstaff’s fate and whether there is any similarity between the fate of the Vice figure in the morality plays and the fate of Falstaff in the second part.
Prison Education Characteristics and Classroom Management by Prison Teachers
Authors: Gashi Ergin
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this research will be to present the classroom management issues faced by prison teachers and introduce strategies applied by prison teachers managing them within the formal education system in correctional service. Cell classrooms, inmate students, and prison teachers’ characteristics and the importance of prison education are to be analyzed within Kosovo Correctional Service. To reach these goals three questions will be raised: 1. What are the classroom management issues in prison schools? 2. Are the prison teachers professionally prepared to teach to inmate students? and 3. Do prison schools differ from schools in the common world?

This study will be introduced through qualitative data and a literature review as instruments of the study dedicated to prison classroom management and characteristics, teachers and inmates’ responsibilities and benefits within the informal education system within Kosovo Correctional Service. The research findings revealed that similar classroom management issues are present in prison schooling compared to classrooms in the free world; prison teachers are not additionally prepared to teach in prison classrooms to inmate students. Prisoners, who plan to rehabilitate and reintegrate themselves through formal prison education, want their circumstances and prison characteristics to be taken into consideration by all factors involved in their schooling within prison walls.
A microcirculation study to assess the effectiveness of post-COVID rehabilitation treatment
Authors: Ryapolova O. A. , Aznaurova O. V. , Bogach E. N.
Published: January 2022

The objective of the research is to study distal circulation and assess the results of post-COVID rehabilitation treatment. A total of 107 reconvalescents were examined, with a control group of 56 patients. The effectiveness of therapy was estimated with the help of microcirculation parameters registered by the Minimax-Doppler-K system before and after the treatment. The authors found correlation between microcirculation measurements and data of objective examinations, as well as other procedures (electrocardiography, echocardiography, pulse oximetry) and the subjective examination of patient’s condition.
Study of the retina and optic nerve microvascular bed using optical coherence tomography-angiography in post-COVID-19 patients
Authors: Turgel V. А. , Tultseva S. N.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Signs of angioretinopathy are revealed in 7–27.7 % of post-COVID-19 patients. Optical coherence tomographyangiography (OCT-A) allows performing life-time evaluation of structural and microvascular retinal changes in patients after the new coronavirus infection. Aim. To investigate and to compare main microcirculatory parameters of capillary retinal and optic nerve plexuses using OCT-A in patients after COVID-19 of different severity degree. Materials and methods. The main group consisted of 54 people (108 eyes), who recovered from COVID-19 during 3 preceding months. According to the COVID-19 course severity degree, patients were divided into 3 sub-groups. 22 healthy volunteers (44 eyes) were included in the control group. All patients underwent OCT-A. In the angiography regimen, entire vascular density (VD) and that of every sector in the limits of superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) capillary plexuses, radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), and in the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Results. All over parameters investigated no significant differences between control group patients and those of the sub-group with mild COVID-19 course. In patients with moderately severe infectious process course a significant decrease in VD SCP (P<0.01), as well as decrease in VD RPC (P<0.01). In patients with severe and critically severe disease course there was an decrease of VD DCP in the foveal area (P=0.016) and VD FAZ (P<0.01). VD indices correlations with thickness of retinal layers, in which these vascular plexuses are located. In any of the groups, there was no statistically significant enlargement of the FAZ area and no structural optic disc changes. Conclusion. In post-COVID-19 patients, there are signs of capillary blood flow reduction in retinal SCP and RPC, which is proportional to the prior infection severity degree. Associated to COVID-19 microangiopathy is a significant ophthalmologic sign of the new coronavirus infection. Microvascular changes of the retina could play a role of of a new biomarker reflecting the severity degree of the entire vascular system impairment in COVID-19.
Microcirculation disorders in patients with severe COVID-19 and development of bacterial sepsis
Authors: Ladozhskaya-Gapeenko E. E. , Khrapov K. N. , Petrishchev N. N. , Polushin Yu. S. , Shlyk I. V.
Published: January 2022

It is believed that microcirculation dysfunction in sepsis primarily caused by damage of the endothelium by infectious agents and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mechanisms of impaired microcirculation in the severe course of COVID-19 and sepsis likely to be similar. However, there are few reports studied microcirculation disorders in patients with COVID-19, and their results are sometimes contradictory. Objective. To assess the microcirculation of patients with severe Covid-19 and the development of bacterial sepsis using nail bed microscopy and laser Doppler flowmetry. Materials and methods. 16 intensive care unit COVID-19 patients subsequently diagnosed with bacterial sepsis were examined. Patients underwent vital capillaroscopy and an occlusive test using laser Doppler flowmetry. The average rate of capillary blood flow, the size of the perivascular zone, the density of capillaries, the presence of intravascular aggregates, the increase in the amplitude of the maximum post-occlusive blood flow and the average value of postocclusive blood flow relative to the initial one were valuated. Additionally, the level of serum proadrenomedullin was evaluated. Studies were performed on the day of admission and in dynamics. Results. By the capillaroscopy analysis, microcirculation disorders were detected in the form of a decrease in the linear speed of capillary blood flow (<400 μm/s), an extention of the perivascular zone (>100 μm), the circulation of microaggregates; the absence of postocclusive hyperemia was determined by an occlusive test. Secondary bacterial infection led to an even greater aggravation of microcirculation disorders: an increase of the perivascular zone, the progression of intravascular aggregation resulting in microthrombosis with a decrease of the density of the capillary network (according to capillaroscopy), as well as a sharp decrease of amplitude maximal increment of blood flow of post-осclusive circulation at the time of an occlusive sample. We also revealed a trend of negative correlation between the level of serum proadrenomedullin and the maximum increase in blood flow during the occlusive test. Conclusion. The secondary bacterial infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to a significant aggravation of microcirculation disorders with the development of perfusion deficiency and interstitial edema. The increased plasma proadrenomedullin level supports the concept of the significant role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-10 and bacterial sepsis.