bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of VDPACE with an immunomodulatory agent as a salvage therapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma with extramedullary disease
Authors: Abdallah Al‐Ola , Mohyuddin Ghulam Rehman , Ahmed Nausheen , Mohan Meera , Cui Wei , Shune Leyla , Mahmoudjafari Zahra , McGuirk Joseph , Ganguly Siddhartha , Atrash Shebli
Published: September 2021

Extramedullary disease (EMD) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM). Confirming the presence of plasma cells outside the bone marrow makes the diagnosis of EMD. There is no clear consensus on the management of EMD in MM, and this entity continues to remain an unmet need. Rapidly controlling EMD to prevent end‐organ damage is a priority. Retrospectively, we reviewed our database for patients with EMD that received treatment with bortezomib, dexamethasone, cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide (VDPACE) plus an immune modulator (IMiD) regimen. We identified 21 patients with a median age of 61 years. Ten patients received a VDPACE based regimen as a bridge to autologus stem cell transplant (ASCT). After a median follow‐up of 51.4 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival were 14.9 months (95% CI: 7.8‐NA) and 5.5 months (95% CI: 3.9‐NA), respectively. The overall response rate was 76%, with a manageable safety profile. Interestingly, these results were similar regardless of the presence of high‐risk cytogenetics. The safety profile was acceptable. In conclusion, a salvage VDPACE‐based regimen plus an IMiD remains an effective and safe bridging therapy to future ASCT and immunotherapy in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with EMD.
Palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S protein is critical for S‐mediated syncytia formation and virus entry
Authors: Li Daoqun , Liu Yihan , Lu Yue , Gao Shan , Zhang Leiliang
Published: September 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is the cause of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The S protein is the key viral protein for associating with ACE2, the receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2. There are many kinds of posttranslational modifications in S protein. However, the detailed mechanism of palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S remains to be elucidated. In our current study, we characterized the palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S. Both the C15 and cytoplasmic tail of SARS‐CoV‐2 S were palmitoylated. Fatty acid synthase inhibitor C75 and zinc finger DHHC domain‐containing palmitoyltransferase (ZDHHC) inhibitor 2‐BP reduced the palmitoylation of S. Interestingly, palmitoylation of SARS‐CoV‐2 S was not required for plasma membrane targeting of S but was critical for S‐mediated syncytia formation and SARS‐CoV‐2 pseudovirus particle entry. Overexpression of ZDHHC2, ZDHHC3, ZDHHC4, ZDHHC5, ZDHHC8, ZDHHC9, ZDHHC11, ZDHHC14, ZDHHC16, ZDHHC19, and ZDHHC20 promoted the palmitoylation of S. Furthermore, those ZDHHCs were identified to associate with SARS‐CoV‐2 S. Our study not only reveals the mechanism of S palmitoylation but also will shed important light into the role of S palmitoylation in syncytia formation and virus entry.
Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis in 2017–2019 in Tianjin, China
Authors: Fang Yulian , Zhang Yanzhi , Wang Hong , Shi Ouyan , Wang Wei , Hou Mengzhu , Wang Lu , Wu Jinying , Zhao Yu
Published: September 2021

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Globally, the GII.4 Sydney 2012 strain has predominated since 2012, although GII.4 variant strains have caused AGE outbreaks in China. Recent patterns of NoV genotype distributions in 6011 children with AGE in Tianjin, China were investigated. NoV was detected using real‐time reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of partial sequences of the viral capsid gene. NoV genotypes were determined, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted. Epidemiological and clinical data were compared between children infected with different NoV genotypes. NoV was detected in 27.6% of the specimens tested. GII.4 strains comprised 49.4% infections, followed by GII.3 at 39.9%. Genotypes GII.2, GII.13, GII.17, GII.1, GII.6, and GII.14 were also detected. NoV was detected during most of the year, with a peak season of cases in the winter. Diarrhea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and dehydration were present in patients with NoV infection. The main genotypes were GII.4 and GII.3, with a slight increase in GII.2, beginning in March 2017. Among the GII.4 strains, GII.4 Sydney 2012 was the only epidemic strain in Tianjin. Patients with GII.4 genotypes were more likely to present with diarrhea and vomiting than those with GII.3. Children with GII. Others were prone to suffered from dehydration and abdominal pain than those with GII.3. NoV GII has become the main cause of viral AGE in Tianjin, China. The predominant genotypes of NoV were GII.4 and GII.3. Identification of emerging genotypes is crucial for the prevention and control of NoV‐caused AGE.
Application of omics technology to combat the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yang Jingjing , Yan Yunzheng , Zhong Wu
Published: September 2021

As of August 27, 2021, the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), has spread to over 220 countries, areas, and territories. Thus far, 214,468,601 confirmed cases, including 4,470,969 deaths, have been reported to the World Health Organization. To combat the COVID‐19 pandemic, multiomics‐based strategies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been used to study the diagnosis methods, pathogenesis, prognosis, and potential drug targets of COVID‐19. In order to help researchers and clinicians to keep up with the knowledge of COVID‐19, we summarized the most recent progresses reported in omics‐based research papers. This review discusses omics‐based approaches for studying COVID‐19, summarizing newly emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 variants as well as potential diagnostic methods, risk factors, and pathological features of COVID‐19. This review can help researchers and clinicians gain insight into COVID‐19 features, providing direction for future drug development and guidance for clinical treatment, so that patients can receive appropriate treatment as soon as possible to reduce the risk of disease progression.
Evaluation of a medication optimization intervention and predictors of medication adherence, patient satisfaction and medication adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Salt Elizabeth , Wiggins Amanda T. , Harrington Nancy Grant , Rayens Mary Kay , Lohr Kristine
Published: September 2021

Background

Because effective treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is dependent on medication use, medication optimization is critically important. Medication adherence, patient satisfaction with care and medication adverse events are core concepts of medication optimization that are either a significant problem and/or understudied in patients with RA.

Objective

To (1) evaluate treatment effects from a medication optimization intervention; (2) assess treatment differences and changes over time in medication adherence, patient satisfaction, and medication adverse events; and (3) to determine whether age, gender, provider trust, and disease activity affect these outcomes.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, longitudinal intervention study (N = 143 RA patients) using repeated measures models.

Results

We did not identify significant intervention effects. For both the medication adherence and patient satisfaction models, the significant predictors in the model included age, gender and trust in provider. Older age, female gender (relative to male), and greater trust in the provider were associated with increased medication adherence scores and patient satisfaction. For the adverse events model, the only significant predictor in the model was gender. Compared with males, females were more likely to report experiencing adverse events. Time was significantly associated with decreased experiences of adverse events.

Conclusion

This study has identified important predictors of medication adherence, patient satisfaction and medication adverse events in a sample of patients with RA which can facilitate targeted approaches to improve adherence in those high‐risk groups.
Reducing Invasive Species Transport among Recreational Anglers: The Importance of Values and Risk Perceptions
Authors: Golebie Elizabeth , Riper Carena J. , Suski Cory , Stedman Richard
Published: September 2021

The behavioral patterns of recreational anglers are an increasingly common focus of fishery management agencies, particularly due to the unintentional spread of aquatic invasive species. Previous research in this area has focused on understanding stakeholder awareness, use patterns, and beliefs. Although informative, these drivers of behavior are easily shifted by new information and are thus potentially less influential for encouraging long-term behavior change. There is a pressing need to account for the effects of human values in management of aquatic invasive species because values are a fundamental driver of behavior that changes slowly over time and represents a core basis for angler decision making. Therefore, this study assessed the relationships among values, risk perceptions, and reported aquatic invasive species prevention behavior to inform management decisions aimed at minimizing angler transport of aquatic invasive species. We generated a data set from a mixed-mode survey of license-holding recreational anglers from counties adjacent to the Great Lakes in three U.S. states (n = 788). Results from a structural equation model revealed that biospheric values positively predicted social and personal risk perceptions. Personal risk perceptions in turn positively predicted private and public dimensions of reported behaviors related to reducing the spread of aquatic invasive species. Efforts to reduce the spread of aquatic invasive species within the study context would be best served by emphasizing the personal impacts rather than broader social and ecological consequences from biological invasions. Agencies should also shift their attention to thinking about the role of values in explaining how people process and respond to environmental threats and degradation from aquatic invasive species.
A Phylogeographic Contact Zone for Arctic Grayling in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Reilly Jessica R. , Miller Joshua M.
Published: September 2021

Arctic Grayling Thymallus arcticus are a salmonid with a Holarctic distribution, extending from northeastern Eurasia through northwestern North America. Throughout their range, Arctic Grayling face a number of threats, including angling mortality, habitat fragmentation and loss, and climate change. Thus, there is a need to protect the species through targeted management actions. Genetic information can assist in determining the appropriate scale for these actions through the description of designatable units. Here we use newly collected mitochondrial DNA sequence data to assess the phylogeographic structure of Arctic Grayling in Alberta, Canada, and link these with previously collected mitochondrial and microsatellite data to determine how many designatable units may exist across Canada. Our assessment of 831 base pairs of sequence data in 96 individuals found two deeply divergent lineages in Alberta. When combined with 22 previously collected sequences, our results highlight that Alberta is a contact zone for the observed lineages of Arctic Grayling in North America. A reassessment of nine microsatellites that were genotyped in 1,116 individuals further highlighted interbasin divergence, likely the result of historical processes. Given the divergence and geographic distribution of the genetic diversity, Arctic Grayling in Canada merit consideration for separate designatable units in future species status assessments and management plans. Continuing research should attempt to expand sampling geographically (e.g., regions east of Great Slave Lake and along the Arctic coastline) to clarify possible colonization routes and add to or synthesize the work on Arctic Grayling behavior, morphology, and life history to address the limited understanding of local adaptions within this species.
SCS: A one‐dimensional piecewise‐linear large strain consolidation model for structured soils
Authors: Shi Ji Sen , Ling Dao Sheng , Niu Jia Jun
Published: September 2021

Soil structure is an important mechanics property which has drawn much attention from researchers. A piecewise‐linear numerical model, called SCS, is developed to investigate the large strain consolidation of structured soils. SCS accommodates large strain, soil self‐weight, vertical flows, time‐dependent loading, unloading/reloading, seepage force, soil heterogeneity, and soil structure. A three‐stage formulation is proposed to specify the compressibility behaviors of structured soils in SCS. The accuracy of SCS in the cases of small strain and large strain is checked comparing with analytical solutions and numerical solutions respectively. The effect of the main factors impacting soil structure on the consolidation processes of structured soils is investigated using several SCS simulations. Finally, a few SCS simulations with multiple structured soil layers are conducted.
Associations of midchildhood to early adolescence central adiposity gain with cardiometabolic health in early adolescence
Authors: Wu Allison J. , Aris Izzuddin M. , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Oken Emily , Taveras Elsie M. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Hivert Marie‐France
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study examined the associations of central adiposity gain from midchildhood to early adolescence with cardiometabolic health markers in early adolescence.

Methods

A total of 620 participants were studied in Project Viva. In midchildhood (mean age = 7.8 years) and early adolescence (12.9 years), waist circumference and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry‐measured visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue, and trunk fat were obtained. Central adiposity gain was calculated as change per year between visits. Cardiometabolic health markers, including blood pressure, lipids, markers of insulin resistance, inflammation, and adipokines, were collected in early adolescence.

Results

Greater waist circumference gain was associated with higher log triglycerides (β 0.07 mg/dL; 95% CI: 0.02‐0.13), log alanine aminotransferase (0.07 U/L; 95% CI: 0.03‐0.12), log high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (0.43 mg/L; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.58), and other cardiometabolic markers in early adolescence. Directly measured central adiposity gains were associated with higher systolic blood pressure z score in early adolescence (visceral adipose tissue [0.13 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.23], subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue [0.18 SD units; 95% CI: 0.04‐0.31], and trunk fat [0.21 SD units; 95% CI: 0.06‐0.36]). These associations were independent of baseline and change in total adiposity from midchildhood to early adolescence.

Conclusions

Monitoring central adiposity gain may enable identification and intervention in children vulnerable to developing cardiometabolic health risks.
Robust finite frequency static output feedback control for uncertain fuzzy systems via a sum‐of‐squares approach
Authors: Er‐Rachid Ismail , Chaibi Redouane , Tissir El Houssaine , Hmamed Abdelaziz
Published: September 2021

This article deals with the problem of robust static output feedback control in finite frequency (FF) domain for polynomial Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems. By using generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma and polynomial Lyapunov functions, sufficient conditions are proposed for controllers design in terms of sum of squares. These conditions include neither transformation matrices nor equality constraints, which simplifies the numerical solution. The proposed method is designed in the FF domain to reduce the conservativeness generated by those designed in the full frequency domain. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of treatment with varenicline for nicotine dependence compared with smoking cessation without pharmacotherapy in the real world
Authors: Fujita Takako , Babazono Akira , Jiang Peng , Jamal Aziz , Li Yunfei
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Smoking is an important public health issue. Although measures to support smoking cessation have been implemented worldwide, smokers often fail to quit smoking after receiving pharmacotherapies for nicotine dependence. The present study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of varenicline for smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy using actual paid medical cost data in Japan.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 3657 subjects who had quit smoking with varenicline or no pharmacotherapy. We extracted health examination and medical claim data from a health insurer database for the period 2012–2015. We calculated the incremental cost‐effective ratio (ICER) of varenicline using actual paid medical costs for nicotine dependence and the number needed to treat to maintain smoking cessation compared with no pharmacotherapy, considering sex, age, income, and occupation.

Results

The 1‐ and 2‐year smoking cessation maintenance rates were 69.7% and 62.4%, respectively. We found that 8.8% of subjects who quit smoking used varenicline for nicotine dependence and the cost per person was Japanese Yen (JPY) 52 177 (U.S. dollars [USD] 474; USD 1 = JPY 110). The ICER of varenicline was dominant when comparing 2‐year cessation with 1‐year cessation. Male, age <40 years, low income, and manufacturing workers were the most cost‐effective variables.

Conclusions

The cost‐effective variables of varenicline in the real world were investigated. The results of this study strengthen the evidence regarding which type of people should be targeted for measures to support smoking cessation using varenicline.
Microstructured antireflective encapsulant on concentrator solar cells
Authors: Forcade Gavin P. , Ritou Arnaud , St‐Pierre Philippe , Dellea Olivier , Volatier Maïté , Jaouad Abdelatif , Valdivia Christopher E. , Hinzer Karin , Darnon Maxime
Published: September 2021

Microstructured antireflective coatings (ARCs) can reduce reflection losses over a wide range of incidence angles when applied to the surface of a high‐efficiency III‐V photovoltaic cell in a concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) system. In this article, we present a microstructured ARC consisting of a monolayer of close‐packed silica microbeads partially submerged within a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cell encapsulant for use within a reference 500× CPV submodule. Comparing a commercialized SiOx encapsulant to this microstructured coating with 25% submerged 1,000 nm‐diameter beads, angle‐dependent external quantum efficiency measurements yield a 2.6% current gain for the microstructured coating. Simulations demonstrate good agreement with measurements, predicting a 2.4% current gain for the same configuration. Extrapolating with our validated model, we estimate a maximum and achievable (within a large manufacturing tolerance) current gain of 3.4% and 2.9 ± 0.4% using 60% submerged and 10%–32% submerged 760 nm‐diameter beads, respectively.
Thermomechanical enhancement of DPP‐4T through purposeful π‐conjugation disruption
Authors: Callaway Connor P. , Bombile Joel H. , Mask Walker , Ryno Sean M. , Risko Chad
Published: September 2021

The design of polymer‐based organic semiconductors that offer mechanical deformability while maintaining efficient semiconducting characteristics remains a significant challenge. Recent synthetic efforts have incorporated small alkyl segments directly into otherwise π‐conjugated polymer backbones to enhance processability, mechanical deformability, and other properties. The resulting polymers can be used as stand‐alone materials or as matrix polymers in complementary semiconducting polymer blends offering reasonable charge‐carrier transport properties, thermal healing, and deformability. Here, a family of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐tetrathiophene variants is explored via large‐scale atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to examine the effect of alkyl segments incorporated into the polymer backbone on the polymer structure, dynamics, and thermal properties. Longer alkyl segments lead to polymer chains that are more flexible, compact, and mobile, with lower glass transition temperatures for the condensed phase.
Predicting survival after radical prostatectomy: Variation of machine learning performance by race
Authors: Nayan Madhur , Salari Keyan , Bozzo Anthony , Ganglberger Wolfgang , Carvalho Filipe , Feldman Adam S. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien
Published: September 2021

Background

Robust prediction of survival can facilitate clinical decision‐making and patient counselling. Non‐Caucasian males are underrepresented in most prostate cancer databases. We evaluated the variation in performance of a machine learning (ML) algorithm trained to predict survival after radical prostatectomy in race subgroups.

Methods

We used the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to identify patients undergoing radical prostatectomy between 2004 and 2016. We grouped patients by race into Caucasian, African‐American, or non‐Caucasian, non‐African‐American (NCNAA) subgroups. We trained an Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) classifier to predict 5‐year survival in different training samples: naturally race‐imbalanced, race‐specific, and synthetically race‐balanced. We evaluated performance in the test sets.

Results

A total of 68,630 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 57,635 (84%) were Caucasian, 8173 (12%) were African‐American, and 2822 (4%) were NCNAA. For the classifier trained in the naturally race‐imbalanced sample, the F1 scores were 0.514 (95% confidence interval: 0.513–0.511), 0.511 (0.511–0.512), 0.545 (0.541–0.548), and 0.378 (0.378–0.389) in the race‐imbalanced, Caucasian, African‐American, and NCNAA test samples, respectively. For all race subgroups, the F1 scores of classifiers trained in the race‐specific or synthetically race‐balanced samples demonstrated similar performance compared to training in the naturally race‐imbalanced sample.

Conclusions

A ML algorithm trained using NCDB data to predict survival after radical prostatectomy demonstrates variation in performance by race, regardless of whether the algorithm is trained in a naturally race‐imbalanced, race‐specific, or synthetically race‐balanced sample. These results emphasize the importance of thoroughly evaluating ML algorithms in race subgroups before clinical deployment to avoid potential disparities in care.
Robotic‐arm assisted versus manual total hip arthroplasty: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of radiographic accuracy
Authors: Emara Ahmed K. , Samuel Linsen T. , Acuña Alexander J. , Kuo Andy , Khlopas Anton , Kamath Atul F.
Published: September 2021

Background

We systematically reviewed the radiological outcomes of studies comparing robotic‐assisted (RA‐THA) and manual total hip arthroplasty (mTHA).

Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were queried from 1994‐2021 for articles comparing radiographic outcomes between RA‐THA and mTHA cohorts. A meta‐analysis was conducted whenever sufficient data was present for common outcomes.

Results

Our analysis included 20 articles reporting on 4140 patients (RA‐THA: n = 1228; mTHA: n = 2912). No differences were demonstrated for acetabular inclination or anteversion. However, RA‐THA demonstrated higher rates of cup orientation within the Lewinnek and Callanan safe zones, improved femoral stem alignment, and lower global offset difference (GOD) and limb length discrepancy (all p‐values <0.05). Superior femoral canal fill and combined offset were seen among RA‐THA patients.

Conclusion

Our review found that the use of RA‐THA yields superior radiographic outcomes compared to mTHA counterparts. This information can inform healthcare systems considering investing in and implementing these technologies.
Immunizing Aqueous Zn Batteries against Dendrite Formation and Side Reactions at Various Temperatures via Electrolyte Additives
Authors: Feng Doudou , Cao Faqing , Hou Lei , Li Tianyu , Jiao Yucong , Wu Peiyi
Published: September 2021

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries own great potential on next generation wearable batteries due to the high safety and low cost. However, the uncontrollable dendrites growth and the negligible subzero temperature performance impede the batteries practical applications. Herein, it is demonstrated that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is an effective additive in ZnSO4 electrolyte for side reactions and dendrites suppression by regulating the Zn‐ion solvation structure and inducing the Zn2+ to form the more electrochemical stable (002) basal plane, via the higher absorption energy of DMSO with Zn2+ and (002) plane. Moreover, the stable reconstructed hydrogen bonds between DMSO and H2O dramatically lower the freezing point of the electrolyte, which significantly increases the ionic conductivity and cycling performance of the aqueous batteries at subzero temperatures. As a consequence, the symmetrical Zn/Zn cell can be kept stable for more than 2100 h at 20 °C and 1200 h at −20 °C without dendrite and by‐products formation. The Zn/MnO2 batteries can perform steadily for more than 3000 cycles at 20 °C and 300 cycles at −20 °C. This work provides a facile and feasible strategy on designing high performance and dendrite free aqueous Zn‐ion batteries for various temperatures.
Sharing common roots: Student‐graduate committee matching and job market outcomes
Authors: Ge Qi , Wu Stephen , Zhou Chenyu
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the impact of student‐graduate committee matching, in the form of country of origin and native language, on students' initial placement outcomes in the economics PhD job market. We utilize manually collected data on the identities and research profiles of both the candidates and their graduate committee members to identify the student‐committee pairs with relevant matches. Our findings suggest that for international students, having at least one committee member from the same country of origin or at least one that speaks the same native language increases the chances of being placed into a tenure track academic job and being at an institution with higher research productivity, as measured by the research rankings in the Research Papers in Economics database. A closer examination of the results shows that these effects are primarily driven by matches from Chinese speaking students with their corresponding committee members.
Boosting Cascade Electron Transfer for Highly Efficient CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Li Na , Zhai Xin-Ping , Yan Wen-Kai , Zhang Ya-Jun , Zhang Zheng-Tao , Xiao Ming-Jun , Zhang Xiao-Dong , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: September 2021

Artificial photosynthesis converting carbon dioxide into chemical fuels with a high added value is a promising solution to both fossil fuel shortage/pollution and global climate change; however, the development of highly efficient photocatalysts toward this goal is still largely bereft of fresh ideas. Herein, we propose a “cascade electron transfer” strategy through spurring both interfacial and inner electron transfer rates for a 0D/2D photocatalyst of CsPbBr3/CuTCPP metal organic framework (MOF). Upon photoexcitation, the heterojunction structure with an appropriate band alignment facilitates an ultrafast interfacial electron transfer rate of 1.4 ps from CsPbBr3 segment to CuTCPP MOF and subsequent ultrafast internal electron transfer of 21 ps from CuTCPP ligand to the Cu node within the enlarged 2D framework. The efficient electron transfer ensures efficient charge separation favorable for photocatalytic reactions: The photocatalyst exhibits an outstanding yield of 47.2 μmol g−1 h−1 (CO and CH4 combined) superior to previous reports. Rational design of hierarchical heterojunctions with matching electronic bandgap not only expedites cascade charge transfer but also prevents holes from recombining with electrons or oxidizing the photocatalysts without the necessity of sacrificial reagents. This work thus provides useful insight for boosting photocatalytic efficacy from a dynamic perspective.
g‐C3N4‐Based 2D/2D Composite Heterojunction Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Bicheng , Cheng Bei , Fan Jiajie , Ho Wingkei , Yu Jiaguo
Published: September 2021

Employing semiconductor photocatalysis to transform solar energy into chemical energy provides a practicable strategy for the alleviation of energy and environmental crisis. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a popular 2D photocatalyst with numerous advantages, such as visible light response, low cost, and high stability. However, single g‐C3N4 photocatalyst displays poor performance due to fast recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. To improve this limitation, many research works have focused on the construction of g‐C3N4‐based 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts by hybridizing g‐C3N4 with other 2D materials. The intimate face‐to‐face contact in 2D/2D heterojunction offers large contact area and plentiful channels for the migration and separation of photogenerated charge carriers. Furthermore, 2D/2D heterojunction inherits the strengths of 2D structure, including high specific surface area, abundant adsorption sites and active sites. Herein, the preparation, mechanism, and application of g‐C3N4‐based 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts are reviewed. Three common preparation methods are summarized, including solid phase reaction, in situ growth, and electrostatic self‐assembly. Various photocatalytic mechanisms are discussed, including traditional type‐II, Z‐scheme and S‐scheme mechanisms. A series of applications in energy and environment fields are illustrated. Finally, future directions for the development of g‐C3N4‐based 2D/2D heterojunction photocatalysts are proposed.
Low‐cost alternatives for the management of Guillain‐Barré syndrome in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Nepal Gaurav , Shrestha Gentle S. , Shing Yow K. , Yadav Jayant K. , Coghlan Megan A. , Ojha Rajeev
Published: September 2021

Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. It can cause rapidly progressing ascending paralysis leading to respiratory failure. There is no definite treatment for GBS, but early administration of intravenous immunoglobulin or therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates motor recovery and decreases time on the ventilator support and are considered the standard of care in GBS. However, these treatments are often unaffordable for many patients in low‐ and middle‐income countries, with limited availability and specialized expertise required in prescription. Cheaper alternatives such as modified therapeutic plasma exchange, exchange blood transfusion, rituximab, and pulse steroid therapy have been practiced in different parts of the world and have been shown to be effective, albeit with limited evidence. These cost‐effective therapies warrant further research and should be strongly considered by relevant health authorities and policymakers as a potential primary treatment for GBS in resource‐limited settings.
Fractional derivative Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson heat equation without singular kernel for a thermoelastic medium with a cylindrical hole and variable properties
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E.
Published: September 2021

In this study, a new mathematical model for thermoelasticity with a fractional derivative of the classical Fourier law of thermal conductivity is derived. In the sense of the fractional Caputo‐Fabrizio (CF) derivative, the modified heat transfer equation of the proposed model is presented by incorporating the Moore‐Gibson‐Thompson (MGT) equation. The modified fractional thermal conduction model does not include a single kernel, unlike the Caputo derivative, linking the Green‐Naghdi Type III model to the Lord and Shulman model. As an application of this model, the interactions of thermoelastic waves in an infinite orthodontic medium with a cylindrical hole were studied. Also in this investigation, it was taken into account that the thermal conductivity is variable and depends on the change of temperature, in contrast many problems that that often consider this parameter to be constant. Numerical calculations are performed for different values of the fractional order of CF derivatives and the change in thermal conductivity. The numerical results were also presented in tables to compare with the results of previous models to verify the accuracy of the results obtained.
Between Science, Technology and Society
Authors: Deserti Alessandro , Rizzo Francesca
Published: September 2021

The intersection and permeability of science, innovation and society result in a series of benefits and challenges, underlying the important role the latter can and should play.
Cube Design Museum—Empathic Co-design for Societal Impact
Authors: Köppchen Anja
Published: September 2021

Cube design museum addresses current and future challenges within the broader context of an ageing and shrinking society, to improve the quality of life of people of all ages. The chapter presents the development of a tool, to stimulate and facilitate new, participatory ways of policymaking, to drive citizen engagement and bottom-up social innovation: the Co-Design Canvas. It has been co-designed and tested within the context of the village of Ransdaal in the Netherlands.
A Framework for Experimenting Co-creation in Real-Life Contexts
Authors: Real Marion , Schmittinger Felicitas
Published: September 2021

The chapter describes the methodology applied throughout the experimentation, the application of co-design, the tools used and their role briefly illustrating the single cases. The underlying assumption is that design methodologies and tools are more suitable to support co-creation for the inclusion of society in science and innovation since their aim is to implement co-creation processes from the ideation of new products, services and processes to their real implementation. What differentiates design from other co-creation methodologies is the role of prototypes and their experimentation in real contexts.
Framing Real-Life Experimentations as Case Studies
Authors: Crabu Stefano , Mariani Ilaria , Schmittinger Felicitas
Published: September 2021

The chapter describes the case studies methodology on the ground of the volume: their use and comparison are investigated from a theoretical point of view. This chapter has a twofold aim: (i) contextualise case studies and the experimentation/prototyping conducted by the pilots, then (ii) to provide a compass for going through the next chapters in which it is detailed the experience of each pilot as a case study. This reasoning is a premise for understanding and situating the relevant points emerged in the larger picture of the RRI framework.
PA4ALL—Innovative Learning Methods for Education in Agriculture: An ICT Based Learning Programme for High Schools
Authors: Stojacic Isidora
Published: September 2021

PA4ALL addresses the topic of introducing precision agriculture tools in high schools specialised in agriculture, exploring the benefits of using the ICT in the field and encouraging high school students to uptake new trends and innovations.
A First Step Towards Automated Species Recognition from Camera Trap Images of Mammals Using AI in a European Temperate Forest
Authors: Choiński Mateusz , Rogowski Mateusz , Tynecki Piotr , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Churski Marcin , Bubnicki Jakub W.
Published: September 2021

Camera traps are used worldwide to monitor wildlife. Despite the increasing availability of Deep Learning (DL) models, the effective usage of this technology to support wildlife monitoring is limited. This is mainly due to the complexity of DL technology and high computing requirements. This paper presents the implementation of the light-weight and state-of-the-art YOLOv5 architecture for automated labeling of camera trap images of mammals in the Białowieża Forest (BF), Poland. The camera trapping data were organized and harmonized using TRAPPER software, an open-source application for managing large-scale wildlife monitoring projects. The proposed image recognition pipeline achieved an average accuracy of 85% F1-score in the identification of the 12 most commonly occurring medium-size and large mammal species in BF, using a limited set of training and testing data (a total of 2659 images with animals).

Based on the preliminary results, we have concluded that the YOLOv5 object detection and classification model is a fine and promising DL solution after the adoption of the transfer learning technique. It can be efficiently plugged in via an API into existing web-based camera trapping data processing platforms such as e.g. TRAPPER system. Since TRAPPER is already used to manage and classify (manually) camera trapping datasets by many research groups in Europe, the implementation of AI-based automated species classification will significantly speed up the data processing workflow and thus better support data-driven wildlife monitoring and conservation. Moreover, YOLOv5 has been proven to perform well on edge devices, which may open a new chapter in animal population monitoring in real-time directly from camera trap devices.
Einleitung
Authors: Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter , Wesche Jörg
Published: September 2021

Die Einleitung stellt den praxeologischen Ansatz des SPP 2130 ‚Übersetzungskulturen der Frühen Neuzeit‘ vor. Übersetzen gilt als zentrale und ubiquitäre Kulturtechnik der Frühen Neuzeit, durch die sich diese Epoche maßgeblich konstituiert. Das SPP 2130 setzt bei aktuellen translationswissenschaftlichen Theorien an, historisiert diese und überträgt sie auf frühneuzeitliche Translationsphänomene. Durch die Kombination philologischer, anthropologischer und gesellschaftlicher Translationskonzepte wird eine Übersetzungsdefinition entwickelt, die interdisziplinär anschlussfähig ist und sowohl für die Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften als auch für die Bild-, Musik- und Geschichtswissenschaften eine tragfähige Basis bietet. Der gestufte Übersetzungsbegriff ermöglicht es, ganz unterschiedliche Methoden und Praktiken einzubeziehen und inter- und intralinguale Übersetzungen ebenso zu berücksichtigen wie intermediale, interkulturelle und performative Übertragungsprozesse.
Spanische Enzyklopädie-Übersetzungen als Orte der selbstbewussten Partizipation an aufgeklärter Wissensproduktion
Authors: Greilich Susanne
Published: September 2021

Eighteenth-century Spanish encyclopaedias, translated from other European languages into Castilian, provide excellent illustrations of the central connections between ency-clopaedism and translation at the time. They show the importance of translations for the dissemination of the genre, the transcultural and transgeneric interweaving of knowledge through multiple translation practices, processes of autonomization in the form of departure from the source text, and forms of „nationalization“ resulting from the adaptation of translated encyclopaedias to the cultural background of their readers. At the same time, the analysis reveals that these texts were by no means only important in terms of the wealth of knowledge they provided, nor were they simply pragmatic instruments of reform-oriented Enlightenment. Rather, they proved to be a medium for self-confident participation in the knowledge production of the time and thus also for inner and outward self-assertion.
Introduction*
Authors: Toepfer Regina , Burschel Peter , Wesche Jörg
Published: September 2021

The introduction offers insights into the praxeological approach of the SPP 2130 “Early Modern Translation Cultures”. Translation is considered a central and ubiquitous cultural technique of the Early Modern period, and one that contributed decisively to shaping that epoch. The SPP 2130 takes current translation studies theories as its point of departure, historicizes them, and applies them to Early Modern translation phenomena. It combines philological, anthropological, and societal translation concepts to develop a definition of translation that lends itself well to an interdisciplinary approach and provides a workable basis not only for the study of languages and literatures, but also for the scholarly investigation of images, music, and history. The graduated conception of translation makes it possible to take widely differing translation methods and practices into account and to examine not only inter- and intralingual translations but also intermedial, intercultural, and performative translation processes.
Kultureller Vermittler, homme de lettres, Vagabund?
Authors: Manstetten Paula
Published: September 2021

Salomon Negri (1665–1727) was one among many Arab Christians who played vital roles in the fields of diplomacy, missionary work, and Oriental studies in Early Modern Europe. Born in Damascus, he moved to Paris at the age of eighteen and later travelled to Halle, Venice, Constantinople, Rome, and London, working as a language teacher, translator, informant, librarian, and copyist. By examining Negri’s short autobiography, letters, and other ego-documents written in Latin, French, Italian, and Arabic, this paper explores how he adapted his self-representation to different audiences in Protestant and Catholic Europe. I argue that Negri’s flexible self-fashioning, which allowed him to navigate between various professional and denominational contexts, can be interpreted as the survival strategy of a peripatetic Arab Christian scholar who was never recognized as an equal member of the European ‘Republic of Letters’.
Birth, Berat, and Banishment
Authors: Fliter Irena
Published: September 2021

The paper analyses the claims to Habsburg subjecthood advanced by the prominent Jewish merchant Haim Camondo following an Ottoman imperial order banishing him from Istanbul to Cyprus in 1782. As the Jewish merchant was the holder of Habsburg and British berats, the Camondo affair came to concern the European ambassadors in Istanbul. Eventually, the merchant and his family were able to escape to Habsburg Trieste with their lives and most of their fortune secured. How the European ambassadors, the Ottoman government, and Haim Camondo translated their understandings of legal belonging and identification to each other during the affair, omitting aspects which did not help their respective cases, sheds further light on notions of imperial subjecthood at a crucial period of transition of these concepts in the Ottoman and Habsburg empires. Analysing the web of cultural and political translations in which the Camondo family was caught up also adds to our understanding of trans-imperial families and contributes to the history of (national) identification and subjecthood.
Die kommentierte jiddische Übersetzung des Römerbriefs (1733)
Authors: Siluk Avraham Avi
Published: September 2021

The Yiddish translation of Paul’s Epistle to the Romans by the Jewish convert Heinrich Christian Immanuel Frommann is one of the most complex missionary tracts published by the Institutum Judaicum et Muhammedicum in Halle on the Saale. This paper contextualizes this annotated translation within the publications of the Pietist mission to the Jews and analyses Frommann’s methods of translation as well as his argumentative strategy. In addition, the different target audiences of the Yiddish Romans and its varied use in practical missionary work are examined. As will be shown, Frommann’s translation and commentary also functioned as a principal reservoir for various missionary activities in Halle.
Sektionseinleitung I: Zeichen und mediale Transformationen
Authors: Wesche Jörg
Published: September 2021

Fausts Ringen um eine adäquate Übertragung des Logosbegriffs zu Beginn des Johannes-Evangeliums ins Deutsche gibt wohl das bekannteste Beispiel für eine Übersetzungsszene in der Weltliteratur. Goethe zeigt den frühneuzeitlichen Gelehrten in der Studierzimmerszene als Bibelübersetzer, der sich vom wörtlichen Übersetzen verbalinspirierter Rede löst und in Erwägung der Alternativen ‚Wort‘, ‚Sinn‘ und ‚Kraft‘ schließlich die ‚Tat‘ als beste sinngemäße Übersetzung einsetzt.
(Un-)Sichtbare Routen
Authors: Saladin Irina
Published: September 2021

This paper focusses on intermedial translation processes in the production of Early Modern maps. Around 1700, the French geographers Claude and Guillaume Delisle collected travelogues from many different authors as sources for their maps of North America. The numerous drafts they created on the basis of these travelogues demonstrate how narrative texts were transformed for use as cartographic representations. As will become apparent, father and son Delisle did not simply translate individual pieces of geographical information into cartographic signs. Rather, they translated spatial conceptions in the form of itineraries by adapting them to the logic and specific characteristics of the medium of maps. In consequence, the itineraries and the actors who had travelled and described them became invisible for readers of maps.
Die Wissenschaftsübersetzung als Generator symbolischen Kapitals
Authors: Gipper Andreas , Stefanelli Diego
Published: September 2021

This paper investigates the function of translation in the context of scientific communication, examining the correspondence between the Italian universal scientist Lazzaro Spallanzani, his translator Jean Senebier, and the Swiss naturalist Charles Bonnet. The main thesis is that the function of scientific translation goes far beyond the simple communication of scientific content and that it in fact played a complex role in the system of exchange and circulation of symbolic capital within the scientific community in the Early Modern Period. To illustrate the complexity of scientific translation, the paper focusses on Spallanzani’s remarkable adoption of a twofold perspective: on the one hand, it examines Spallanzani’s translation of Bonnet’s Contemplation de la nature; on the other, it considers some of Senebier’s French translations of the Italian scientist. In both cases, translations not only played an important role in the career planning of the actors involved, but were also part of science policy strategies. Last, but not least, they were crucial for the formation and stabilization of national science systems.
Conformal boundary conditions from cutoff AdS3
Authors: Coleman Evan , Shyam Vasudev
Published: September 2021

Abstract

We construct a particular flow in the space of 2D Euclidean QFTs on a torus, which we argue is dual to a class of solutions in 3D Euclidean gravity with conformal boundary conditions. This new flow comes from a Legendre transform of the kernel which implements the T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

deformation, and is motivated by the need for boundary conditions in Euclidean gravity to be elliptic, i.e. that they have well-defined propagators for metric fluctuations. We demonstrate equivalence between our flow equation and variants of the Wheeler de-Witt equation for a torus universe in the so-called Constant Mean Curvature (CMC) slicing. We derive a kernel for the flow, and we compute the corresponding ground state energy in the low-temperature limit. Once deformation parameters are fixed, the existence of the ground state is independent of the initial data, provided the seed theory is a CFT. The high-temperature density of states has Cardy-like behavior, rather than the Hagedorn growth characteristic of T$$ \overline{T} $$

T
¯

-deformed theories.
Correction To: Integral geometry of pairs of hyperplanes or lines
Authors: Hug Daniel , Schneider Rolf
Published: September 2021

A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s00013-020-01465-0