bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flexible Supercapacitor Integrated Systems
Authors: He Aiqi , He Jiangfeng , Cao Lingyun , Chen Jiaxiang , Cheng Bin , Ma Rui , Ding Yi , Yang Guowei , Yi Fang
Published: March 2024

There is a pressing need for flexible integrated systems owing to the swift progress of flexible electronics. Apart from flexibility, flexible supercapacitor (FSC) integrated systems exhibit certain characteristics like rapid charge–discharge rates, high power density, and excellent cycling stability, which makes them a promising candidate to serve as a vital component in flexible electronics. In this context, an in‐depth overview of recent progress in FSC‐integrated systems, including their design of structure, materials, fabrication techniques, and applications, is offered. On the basis of the current progress, the existing challenges and future prospects are also outlined and discussed.
Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of 2D Ferroelectric Materials for Device Applications
Authors: Wang Liyao , Sun Guodong , Yuan Shuoguo
Published: March 2024

2D ferroelectric materials have garnered extensive attention for promising applications in next‐generation electronic devices, which provides a platform to explore ferroelectricity without the critical thickness constraint of traditional perovskite oxide‐based ferroelectric materials. Recent studies have shown that chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can synthesis the large‐area 2D ferroelectric materials, making the 2D ferroelectric materials to be compatible with scalable semiconductor devices. In this Review, the CVD‐grown 2D ferroelectric materials are summarized in terms of materials, properties to devices application view. First, the synthesis strategy and recent advances of the CVD growth of 2D ferroelectric materials are highlighted in the aspects of diverse groups of 2D materials. Second, the recent experimental progress of 2D ferroelectric devices is introduced, and the potential applications of 2D ferroelectric devices are discussed. The availability of the CVD‐grown 2D ferroelectrics provides an abundant playground for not only deep studying the ferroelectric properties, but also conceiving various device applications. Lastly, the perspectives are provided to address the current challenges in terms of materials design, physics mechanism, device, and multifunctional application.
Human Fibroblast‐Derived Matrix Hydrogel Accelerates Regenerative Wound Remodeling Through the Interactions with Macrophages
Authors: Savitri Cininta , Ha Sang Su , Kwon Jae Won , Kim Sung Hoon , Kim Young‐Min , Park Hyun Mee , Kwon Haejin , Ji Mi Jung , Park Kwideok
Published: March 2024

Herein, a novel extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogel is proposed fabricated solely from decellularized, human fibroblast‐derived matrix (FDM) toward advanced wound healing. This FDM‐gel is physically very stable and viscoelastic, while preserving the natural ECM diversity and various bioactive factors. Subcutaneously transplanted FDM‐gel provided a permissive environment for innate immune cells infiltration. Compared to collagen hydrogel, excellent wound healing indications of FDM‐gel treated in the full‐thickness wounds are noticed, particularly hair follicle formation via highly upregulated β‐catenin. Sequential analysis of the regenerated wound tissues disclosed that FDM‐gel significantly alleviated pro‐inflammatory cytokine and promoted M2‐like macrophages, along with significantly elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) level. A mechanistic study demonstrated that macrophages‐FDM interactions through cell surface integrins α5β1 and α1β1 resulted in significant production of VEGF and bFGF, increased Akt phosphorylation, and upregulated matrix metalloproteinase‐9 activity. Interestingly, blocking such interactions using specific inhibitors (ATN161 for α5β1 and obtustatin for α1β1) negatively affected those pro‐healing growth factors secretion. Macrophages depletion animal model significantly attenuated the healing effect of FDM‐gel. This study demonstrates that the FDM‐gel is an excellent immunomodulatory material that is permissive for host cells infiltration, resorbable with time, and interactive with macrophages, where it thus enables regenerative matrix remodeling toward a complete wound healing.
Nitrogen‐Vacancy‐Rich VN Clusters Embedded in Carbon Matrix for High‐Performance Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Youcun , Luo Liang , Song Wenliang , Man Shuaishuai , Zhang Heng , Li Chang Ming
Published: March 2024

Vanadium nitride (VN) is a potential cathode material with high capacity and high energy density for aqueous zinc batteries (AZIBs). However, the slow kinetics resulting from the strong electrostatic interaction of the electrode materials with zinc ions is a major challenge for fast storage. Here, VN clusters with nitrogen‐vacancy embedded in carbon (C) (Nv‐VN/C‐SS‐2) are prepared for the first time to improve the slow reaction kinetics. The nitrogen vacancies can effectively accelerate the reaction kinetics, reduce the electrochemical polarization, and improve the performance. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations also prove that the rapid adsorption and desorption of zinc ions on Nv‐VN/C‐SS‐2 can release more electrons to the delocalized electron cloud of the material, thus adding more active sites. The Nv‐VN/C‐SS‐2 exhibits a specific capacity and outstanding cycle life. Meanwhile, the quasi‐solid‐state battery exhibits a high capacity of 186.5 mAh g−1, ultra‐high energy density of 278.9 Wh kg−1, and a high power density of 2375.1 W kg−1 at 2.5 A g−1, showing excellent electrochemical performance. This work provides a meaningful reference value for improving the comprehensive electrochemical performance of VN through interface engineering.
Revealing the Potential and Challenges of High‐Entropy Layered Cathodes for Sodium‐Based Energy Storage
Authors: Gao Hong , Li Jiayi , Zhang Fan , Li Congcong , Xiao Jun , Nie Xinming , Zhang Guilai , Xiao Yang , Zhang Dingyi , Guo Xin , Wang Yong , Kang Yong‐Mook , Wang Guoxiu , Liu Hao
Published: March 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) reflect a strategic move for scalable and sustainable energy storage. The focus on high‐entropy (HE) cathode materials, particularly layered oxides, has ignited scientific interest due to the unique characteristics and effects to tackle their shortcomings, such as inferior structural stability, sluggish reaction kinetics, severe Jahn‐Teller effects induced lattice distortion, and poor oxygen reversibility at high voltage. This review focuses on high‐entropy oxide materials, highlighting their fundamentals, design principles, and application in layered oxide cathodes for SIBs. It delves into the growth mechanism, composition‐properties correlations, and the functional roles of high‐entropy design in enhancing the performance of layered oxide cathodes. Furthermore, it furnishes a comprehensive survey of recent advancements and persisting challenges within the domain of layered high‐entropy cathode materials, as well as offers insights into potential future research directions in line with the current state of knowledge.
A Survey on Testbench‐Based Vehicle‐in‐the‐Loop Simulation Testing for Autonomous Vehicles: Architecture, Principle, and Equipment
Authors: Cheng Jingjun , Wang Zhen , Zhao Xiangmo , Xu Zhigang , Ding Ming , Takeda Kazuya
Published: March 2024

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) must be thoroughly tested to ensure safety and reliability before marketing. Simulation‐based testing has gained widespread recognition as the essential approach for AV testing by providing sufficient testing scenarios in the virtual environment. Vehicle‐in‐the‐loop (VIL) simulation has the ability to perform comprehensive tests and validations for the AVs’ overall behaviors while keeping significant testing accuracy and efficiency through the combination of the virtual scenarios and the physical AV. This article provides an overview of representative studies on testbench‐based VIL simulation testing for AVs, mainly focusing on utilizing testbenches to simulate realistic road conditions, and using physical signal stimulation methods and related equipment to generate sensors’ physical signals. This article first summarizes current AV testing studies, identifying existing issues and flaws of the state‐of‐the‐art methods and tools. Afterward, the testbench‐based VIL is addressed around architecture, principles, advantages, and characteristics. Then, the road condition simulation and the sensor physical signal generation in VIL are discussed in depth from structure, principle, and corresponding advanced equipment. Finally, research gaps between cutting‐edge technologies and AV testing applications in industrialization are identified to facilitate future research in this direction.
After the fire: An ecological, phenomenological exploration of resilience‐building following the Fuego volcanic eruption in Guatemala
Authors: Oldfield Jeremy , Stevenson Andrew
Published: March 2024

Combining ecological resilience theory with a phenomenological epistemology, we explored experiential, social, and cultural factors mediating resilience‐building with participants from a village destroyed by the 2018 Fuego volcanic eruption in Guatemala. The purpose of the study is to find out what strategies displaced families and communities employ for living through the aftermath of a volcano eruption and for building psychological resilience. We conducted semistructured interviews with nine survivors of the Fuego eruption, now relocated and coping with the loss of community and family members killed in the disaster. Interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to analyze transcripts. The analysis produced four main themes: (i) individual and collective challenges, (ii) social support and protection, (iii) faith and culturally endorsed belief, and (iv) looking to the future. As well as learning more about how a community faced challenges presented by a volcano eruption, the current study has a degree of transferability, with implications for understanding how other communities experience and cope with such events.
Changes in physical fitness and body build of women and men surveyed in 2004 and 2022—A longitudinal study
Authors: Żarów Ryszard , Żegleń Magdalena , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Spring Barbara , Kowal Małgorzata , Matusik Stanisław
Published: March 2024

Physical fitness plays a crucial role in determining human health and overall well‐being. The objective of the study was to assess the changes in body structure and physical fitness among individuals examined in 2004 and 2022 (persons aged 32–34 and 50–52). The research material consists of data from the Krakow Continuous Study (KCS) of somatic development and physical fitness of people born in 1970 and 1972, conducted in Krakow in the years 1976–2022. In total, in 2004, 103 women and 122 men took part in the study, and in 2022–47 women and 67 men. Of these participants, 37 women and 53 men were present for both measurements. The following measurements were performed–physical fitness tests: handgrip strength of left and right hand, standing broad jump, sit‐and‐reach test and overhead medicine ball throw (2 kg); anthropometric measurements: body height, body weight and tissue composition, circumferences of the chest (relaxed and in deep inspiration), waist, hips, thigh, mid‐upper‐arm (MUAC, relaxed and in deep inspiration), forearm and calf, thickness of biceps, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and calf skinfolds; width of shoulders and hips, depth and width of the chest. A comparative analysis of the two series showed that all fitness test scores deteriorated. The percentage decrease was greater in women than in men in the tests of right and left handgrip strength and overhead medicine ball throw than in men, in the standing broad jump test similar in both sexes, in the sit‐and‐reach test–lower in women than in men. The greatest decreases were observed in the standing broad jump (by 14%) and the 2 kg medicine ball throw (15–12%), both in women and men. In contrast, the level of development of most of the somatic characteristics studied in 2022 was higher compared to the previous study, and, apart from body height, elbow and knee width and calf skinfold in both sexes, the differences in arithmetic means between the 2004 and 2022 series were statistically significant. Furthermore, the absence of involutionary changes in body height can be highlighted. In conclusion, the decrease in physical fitness occurring in adulthood and the increase in most somatic characteristics between 32 and 34 year‐olds and 50 and 52 year‐olds were confirmed.
A novel staging system to consolidate silent sinus syndrome and chronic maxillary atelectasis: A systematic review and case series
Authors: Amin Dev , Mandloi Shreya , Nunes Kathryn , Garg Neha , Kahn Chase , Duffy Alexander , Toskala Elina , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Nyquist Gurston
Published: March 2024

Key points

Silent sinus syndrome (SSS) and chronic maxillary atelectasis (CMA) represent an overlapping clinical entity, both likely lying on the spectrum of one disease process.

There is widespread inconsistency of diagnosis in the literature of reported cases of SSS and CMA.

We propose a novel, comprehensive staging system to simplify diagnosis and inform management.
Droplet‐Based Microfluidics Reveals Insights into Cross‐Coupling Mechanisms over Single‐Atom Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Moragues Thomas , Giannakakis Georgios , Ruiz‐Ferrando Andrea , Borca Camelia N. , Huthwelker Thomas , Bugaev Aram , de Mello Andrew J. , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier , Mitchell Sharon
Published: March 2024

Single‐atom heterogeneous catalysts (SACs) hold promise as sustainable alternatives to metal complexes in organic transformations. However, their working structure and dynamics remain poorly understood, hindering advances in their design. Exploiting the unique features of droplet‐based microfluidics, we present the first in‐situ assessment of a palladium SAC based on exfoliated carbon nitride in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Our results confirm a surface‐catalyzed mechanism, revealing the distinct electronic structure of active Pd centers compared to homogeneous systems, and providing insights into the stabilizing role of ligands and bases. This study establishes a valuable framework for advancing mechanistic understanding of organic syntheses catalyzed by SACs.
Electrochemical and semiconducting properties of multifunctional smart conductive fabrics based on polypyrrole
Authors: Sagirli F. Z. Engin , Karazehir T. , Sarac A. S.
Published: March 2024

We have fabricated multifunctional conductive fabrics composed of polypyrrole/BaTiO3/poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methylacrylate) (PPy/BaTiO3/P(AN‐co‐MA)(PBA) utilizing a simple process including dip coating and in situ chemical polymerization of pyrrole, which oxidized both ammonium persulfate (APS) and ammonium persulfate + iron (III) chloride (APS + FeCl3) for flexible and wearable textile applications. The influence of the oxidant nature, PPy content, and BaTiO3 on the surface structures, electrochemical, and semiconducting characteristics of the fabrics was examined using scanning electrochemical microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the Mott–Schottky (M–S) studies. The study revealed that the size of the polymer nanostructures on fabric has an impact on the electrochemical impedance properties. Specifically, a decrease in diameter (when FeCl3 + APS is used) or the formation of more compact swelling surface structures (when only APS is used) is associated with changes in the conductivity of the coated fabric. Based on the EIS tests, the composite coating (S0.1, S0.2, and S0.3) with FeCl3 has a higher electrical conductivity compared to the coating with APS (PBA). The M–S tests indicate that the semiconducting characteristics of coated fabrics are dependent upon the kind of oxidant, the amount of PPy, and the presence of BaTiO3.
Pemetrexed loaded gold nanoparticles as cytotoxic and apoptosis inducers in lung cancer cells through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction pathway
Authors: P Baby Shakila , Periasamy Tamilmani , Alarfaj Abdullah A. , Arulselvan Palanisamy , Ravindran Rajeswari , Suriyaprakash Jagadeesh , Thangavelu Indumathi
Published: March 2024

Supramolecular nanoparticles containing peptides and drugs have recently gained recognition as an effective tumor treatment drug delivery system. A multitarget drug termed pemetrexed is effective against various cancers, including nonsmall cell lung cancer. The work aims to establish the capability of pemetrexed gold nanoparticles (PEM‐AuNPs) to induce apoptosis and explore molecular changes. X‐ray diffraction, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope were used to investigate the synthesized nanoparticles. The MTT assay was utilized to investigate the anticancer properties of PEM‐AuNPs at varying concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µM). PEM‐AuNPs demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with 55.87%, 43.04%, and 25.59% for A549 cells and 54.31%, 37.40%, and 25.84% for H1299 cells at the respective concentrations. To assess apoptosis and perform morphological analysis, diverse biochemical staining techniques, including acridine orange‐ethidium bromide and 4′,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole nuclear staining assays, were employed. Additionally, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining confirmed the induction of reactive oxygen species generation, while JC‐1 staining validated the impact on the mitochondrial membrane at the IC50 concentration of PEM‐AuNPs. Thus, the study demonstrated that the synthesized  PEM‐AuNPs exhibited enhanced anticancer activity against both A549 and H1299 cells.
NLRC5/MHC class I transactivator: A key target for immune escape by SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Zhu Baohui , Ouda Ryota , Kasuga Yusuke , de Figueiredo Paul , Kobayashi Koichi S.
Published: March 2024

Antigen presentation to CD8+ T cells by MHC class I molecules is essential for host defense against viral infections. Various mechanisms have evolved in multiple viruses to escape immune surveillance and defense to support viral proliferation in host cells. Through in vitro SARS‐CoV‐2 infection studies and analysis of COVID‐19 patient samples, we found that SARS‐CoV‐2 suppresses the induction of the MHC class I pathway by inhibiting the expression and function of NLRC5, a major transcriptional regulator of MHC class I genes. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms for suppression of the MHC class I pathway and clinical implications for COVID‐19.
Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of sorafenib‐loaded camel milk casein nanoparticles against hepatocarcinoma cells
Authors: Mittal Aastha , Mahala Neelam , Dhanawade Nikhil Hanamant , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Dubey Uma S.
Published: March 2024

Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor is used to treat hepatocellular and renal carcinoma. However, a low solubility impedes its bioavailability and thus, effectiveness. This study aims to enhance its effectiveness by using novel camel milk casein nanoparticles as a delivery system. This study evaluates the cytotoxicity of sorafenib encapsulated in camel milk casein nanoparticles against human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2 cells) in vitro. Optimal drug loaded nanoparticles were stable for 1 month, had encapsulation efficiency of 96%, exhibited a particle size of 230 nm, zeta potential of −14.4 and poly disparity index of 0.261. Treatment with it led to cell morphology and DNA fragmentation as a characteristic of apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed G1 phase arrest of cell cycle and 26% increased apoptotic cells population upon treatment as compared to control. Sorafenib‐loaded casein nanoparticles showed 6‐fold increased ROS production in HepG2 cells as compared to 4‐fold increase shown by the free drug. Gene and protein expression studies done by qPCR and western blotting depicted upregulation of tumor suppressor gene p53, pro‐apoptotic Bax, and caspase‐3 along with downregulated anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 gene and protein expression which further emphasized death by apoptosis. It is concluded regarding the feasibility of these casein nanoparticles as a delivery system with enhanced therapeutic outcomes against hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
Lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis of the increase in eicosapentaenoic acid under cobalamin deficiency of Schizochytrium sp
Authors: Yang Lin‐Hui , Liu Meng‐zhen , Chen Zi‐Lei , Tong Ling‐Ling , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: March 2024

Schizochytrium sp. is a heterotrophic microorganism capable of accumulating polyunsaturated fatty acids and has achieved industrial production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). It also has the potential for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production. In this study, it was found that the cell growth, lipid synthesis and fatty acid composition of Schizochytrium sp. were significantly affected by the level of cobalamin in the medium, especially with regard to the content of EPA in the fatty acids. The content of EPA in the fatty acids increased 17.91 times, reaching 12.00%, but cell growth and lipid synthesis were significantly inhibited under cobalamin deficiency. The response mechanism for this phenomenon was revealed through combined lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis. Although cell growth was inhibited under cobalamin deficiency, the genes encoding key enzymes in central carbon metabolism were still up‐regulated to provide precursors (Acetyl‐CoA) and reducing power (NADPH) for the synthesis and accumulation of fatty acids. Moreover, the main lipid subclasses observed during cobalamin deficiency were glycerolipids (including glycerophospholipids), with EPA primarily distributed in them. The genes involved in the biosynthesis of these lipid subclasses were significantly up‐regulated, such as the key enzymes in the Kennedy pathway for the synthesis of triglycerides. Thus, this study provided insights into the specific response of Schizochytrium sp. to cobalamin deficiency and identified a subset of new genes that can be engineered for modification.
Suspension culture promoted the expansion of NK‐92 cells ex vivo by enhancing the expression of IL‐2 receptor
Authors: Huang Huimin , Zhang Shumin , Zhao Yuanyuan , Xu Ruisheng , Tan Wen‐song , Cai Haibo
Published: March 2024

Vigorous ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells is a pivotal step for clinical adoptive immunotherapy. Interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is identified as a key cytokine for NK‐92 cells, and it can stimulate cell proliferation after binding to the IL‐2 receptor (IL‐2R). In this work, the differences in IL‐2 consumption and IL‐2R expression were investigated between the two culture modes. The results showed that suspension culture favored ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells compared with static culture. The specific consumption rate of IL‐2 in suspension culture was significantly higher than that in static culture. It was further found that the mRNA levels of the two IL‐2R subunits remained unchanged in suspension culture, but the proportion of NK‐92 cells expressing IL‐2Rβ was increased, and the fluorescence intensity of IL‐2Rβ was remarkably enhanced. Meanwhile, the proportion of cells expressing IL‐2R receptor complex also increased significantly. Correspondingly, the phosphorylation of STAT5, a pivotal protein in the downstream signaling pathway of IL‐2, was up‐regulated. Notably, the expression level and colocalization coefficient of related endosomes during IL‐2/IL‐2R complex endocytosis were markedly elevated, suggesting the enhancement of IL‐2 endocytosis. Taken together, these results implied that more IL‐2 was needed to support cell growth in suspension culture. Therefore, the culture process was optimized from the perspective of cytokine utilization to further improve the NK‐92 cell's expansion ability and function. This study provides valuable insight into the efficient ex vivo expansion of NK‐92 cells.
Bone density estimation using tissue heat capacity
Authors: Tanaka Aiko , Ogino Tetsuya
Published: March 2024

Osteoporosis onset is relatively asymptomatic, the condition often being identified only once a significant fracture occurs, leading to a potentially serious prognosis. Currently, early identification of osteoporosis is complicated by the difficulty in measuring bone density without using x‐ray absorptiometry or quantitative ultrasound, so a simpler method for estimating bone density is needed. Given that bone is reported to have a lower specific heat than other tissues, we investigated the possibility of estimating bone density using this difference in tissue thermal properties. The tibia medial surface (shin) and medial malleolus (ankle) of 68 healthy volunteers were cooled using an ice bag, and skin surface temperatures and heat flow were recorded. These measurements were then used to calculate the heat energy transferred per unit temperature. Bone density was estimated by quantitative ultrasound using the T score OSISD, which is the participant's osteo sono‐assessment index (OSI) compared to the average OSI of young adults. The heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin, but not the ankle, showed a significant negative correlation with T score OSISD (r = −0.413, p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that heat energy transfer per unit temperature at the shin was a significant predictor of T score OSISD, along with age and height. These results show that tissue thermal property measurements are useful for estimating bone density.
Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in patients with portal hypertension for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kinami Takahiro , Uchikawa Shinsuke , Kawaoka Tomokazu , Yamasaki Shintaro , Kosaka Masanari , Johira Yusuke , Yano Shigeki , Amioka Kei , Naruto Kensuke , Yamaoka Kenji , Fujii Yasutoshi , Fujino Hatsue , Nakahara Takashi , Ono Atsushi , Murakami Eisuke , Okamoto Wataru , Yamauchi Masami , Miki Daiki , Tsuge Masataka , Oka Shiro
Published: March 2024

Aim

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination therapy (Atezo + Beva) is used as the first‐line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (u‐HCC). Serious adverse events (AEs), including rupture of esophagogastric varices, have been seen during treatment. Therefore, the relationships of efficacy, safety, and portal hypertension (PH) were analyzed.

Methods

A total of 146 patients with u‐HCC and Child‐Pugh Scores of 5–7 received Atezo + Beva. Prophylactic treatment for varices was performed for patients with the risk of rupture of varices before the start of Atezo + Beva. A propensity score‐matched cohort was created to minimize the risk of potential confounders. Efficacy was assessed in 41 propensity score‐matched pairs. AEs were assessed between patients without PH (n = 80) and with PH (n = 66).

Results

In patients without PH and with PH, median overall survival was 18.4 months and 18.8 months (p = 0.71), and median progression‐free survival was 8.6 months and 5.8 months (p = 0.92), respectively. On the best radiological response evaluation for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, the objective response rate was 31.7% and 26.8% (p = 0.81), respectively. Variceal rupture occurred in three patients with PH, but there were no significant differences in the occurrence of variceal rupture (p = 0.090) and Grade 3–4 AEs between patients without and with PH.

Conclusions

No significant differences in efficacy and safety were observed with PH. Prophylactic treatment for varices before the start of Atezo + Beva would allow treatment to continue relatively safely.
Nomogram for predicting pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Guihong , Chen Tao , Zhang Xin , Hu Binbin , Yu Jiayun
Published: March 2024

Purpose

A pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is seen in up to 40% of the patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). No nomogram has been constructed for the prediction of pCR for patients whose primary chemotherapy was a taxane‐based regimen. The aim is to identify characteristics associated with a pCR through analyzing multiple pre‐ and post‐nCRT variables and to develop a nomogram for the prediction of pCR for these patients by integrating clinicopathological characteristics and hematological biomarkers.

Materials and Methods

We analyzed 293 patients with ESCC who underwent nCRT followed by esophagectomy. Clinicopathological factors, hematological parameters before nCRT, and hematotoxicity during nCRT were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictive factors for pCR. A nomogram model was built and evaluated for both discrimination and calibration.

Results

After surgery, 37.88% of the study patients achieved pCR. Six variables were included in the nomogram: sex, cN stage, chemotherapy regimen, duration of nCRT, pre‐nCRT neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and pre‐nCRT platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The nomogram indicated good accuracy and consistency in predicting pCR, with a C‐index of 0.743 (95% confidence interval: 0.686, 0.800) and a p value of 0.600 (>0.05) in the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test.

Conclusions

Female, earlier cN stage, duration of nCRT (< 62 days), chemotherapy regimen of taxane plus platinum, pre‐nCRT NLR (≥2.199), and pre‐nCRT PLR (≥99.302) were significantly associated with a higher pCR in ESCC patients whose primary chemotherapy was a taxane‐based regimen for nCRT. A nomogram was developed and internally validated, showing good accuracy and consistency.
Monitoring Anthracycline Cancer Drug‐Nucleosome Interaction by NMR Using a Specific Isotope Labeling Approach for Nucleosomal DNA
Authors: van Emmerik Clara L. , Lobbia Vincenzo , Neefjes Jacques , Nelissen Frank H. T. , van Ingen Hugo
Published: March 2024

Chromatinized DNA is targeted by proteins and small molecules to regulate chromatin function. For example, anthracycline cancer drugs evict nucleosomes in a mechanism that is still poorly understood. We here developed a flexible method for specific isotope labeling of nucleosomal DNA enabling NMR studies of such nucleosome interactions. We describe the synthesis of segmental one‐strand 13C‐thymidine labeled 601‐DNA, the assignment of the methyl signals, and demonstrate its use to observe site‐specific binding to the nucleosome by aclarubicin, an anthracycline cancer drug that intercalates into the DNA minor grooves. Our results highlight intrinsic conformational heterogeneity in the 601 DNA sequence and show that aclarubicin binds an exposed AT‐rich region near the DNA end. Overall, our data point to a model where the drug invades the nucleosome from the terminal ends inward, eventually resulting in histone eviction and nucleosome disruption.
Biventricular catheterization combined with pressure‐volume loop monitoring provides insight into the dynamic effects of left ventricular assist devices ramp on right ventricular function
Authors: Garmany Armin , Inglis Sara S. , Behfar Atta , Rosenbaum Andrew N.
Published: March 2024

Ramp studies are utilized for speed optimization of continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF‐LVADs). We here report the utility of combined left and right heart catheterization during a ramp study to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the hemodynamic implications on both ventricles. Pressure‐volume loop (PV loop) monitoring uncovered compromised systolic and mildly compromised right ventricular function with increasing LVAD speeds, despite improvement in left ventricular unloading. These findings informed patient management and highlight the potential utility of PV loop monitoring as an adjunct to left and right heart catheterization during ramp studies of next‐generation LVADs.
Electron Shuttles in Microbial Photoelectrochemical Systems: Cytotoxicity and Photostability
Authors: Huo Nan , Li Xiang , Xu Yizi , Ren Chongyuan , Yan Weifu , Tian Xiaochun , Wu Xuee , Zhao Feng
Published: March 2024

Electron shuttles are pivotal in enhancing the conversion efficiency at the biotic‐abiotic interface within microbial photoelectrochemical systems. Nevertheless, the potentially toxic effects of electron shuttles on microbial cells and their instability when exposed to light are often overlooked. This concept highlights the attention paid to electron shuttles in microbial photoelectrochemical systems, such as the cytotoxicity, the photoexcited state, and the photostability. Furthermore, it offers theoretical guidance for selecting electron shuttles to optimize sustainable energy production and environmental remediation.
Permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced nanofluidic membrane for osmotic energy harvesting
Authors: Zhong Jundong , Xu Tingting , Qi Hongyan , Sun Weibo , Zhao Shuang , Zhao Zhe , Sun Yirong , Zhu Youliang , Mu Jianxin , Zhang Haibo , Zhu Xuanbo , Jiang Zhenhua , Jiang Lei
Published: March 2024

For the porous‐membrane‐based osmotic energy generator, the potential synergistic enhancement mechanism of various key parameters is still controversial, especially because optimizing the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity is still a challenge. Here, to construct a permeability and selectivity synergistically enhanced osmotic energy generator, the two‐dimensional porous membranes with tunable charge density are prepared by inserting sulfonated polyether sulfone into graphene oxide. Influences of charge density and pore size on the ion transport are explored, and the ionic behaviors in the channel are calculated by numerical simulations. The mechanism of ion transport in the process is studied in depth, and the fundamental principles of energy conversion are revealed. The results demonstrate that charge density and pore size should be matched to construct the optimal ion channel. This collaborative enhancement strategy of permeability and selectivity has significantly improved the output power in osmotic energy generation; compared to the pure graphene oxide membrane, the composite membrane presents almost 20 times improvement.
The effect of salt anion in ether‐based electrolyte for electrochemical performance of sodium‐ion batteries: A case study of hard carbon
Authors: Li Jiabao , Hao Jingjing , Yuan Quan , Wang Ruoxing , Marlton Frederick , Wang Tianyi , Wang Chengyin , Guo Xin , Wang Guoxiu
Published: March 2024

Compared with the extensively used ester‐based electrolyte, the hard carbon (HC) electrode is more compatible with the ether‐based counterpart in sodium‐ion batteries, which can lead to improved cycling stability and robust rate capability. However, the impact of salt anion on the electrochemical performance of HC electrodes has yet to be fully understood. In this study, the anionic chemistry in regulating the stability of electrolytes and the performance of sodium‐ion batteries have been systematically investigated. This work shows discrepancies in the reductive stability of the anionic group, redox kinetics, and component/structure of solid electrolyte interface (SEI) with different salts (NaBF4, NaPF6, and NaSO3CF3) in the typical ether solvent (diglyme). Particularly, the density functional theory calculation manifests the preferred decomposition of PF6− due to the reduced reductive stability of anions in the solvation structure, thus leading to the formation of NaF‐rich SEI. Further investigation on redox kinetics reveals that the NaPF6/diglyme can induce the fast ionic diffusion dynamic and low charge transfer barrier for HC electrode, thus resulting in superior sodium storage performance in terms of rate capability and cycling life, which outperforms those of NaBF4/diglyme and NaSO3CF3/diglyme. Importantly, this work offers valuable insights for optimizing the electrochemical behaviors of electrode materials by regulating the anionic group in the electrolyte.
Heterostructural NiFeW disulfide and hydroxide dual‐trimetallic core‐shell nanosheets for synergistically effective water oxidation
Authors: Guo Peng‐Fei , Yang Yang , Zhu Bing , Yang Qian‐Nan , Jia Yan , Wang Wei‐Tao , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Zhao Shi‐Qiang , Cui Xun
Published: March 2024

A stable and highly active core‐shell heterostructure electrocatalyst is essential for catalyzing oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a dual‐trimetallic core‐shell heterostructure OER electrocatalyst that consists of a NiFeWS2 inner core and an amorphous NiFeW(OH)z outer shell is designed and synthesized using in situ electrochemical tuning. The electrochemical measurements of different as‐synthesized catalysts with a similar mass loading suggest that the core‐shell Ni0.66Fe0.17W0.17S2@amorphous NiFeW(OH)z nanosheets exhibit the highest overall performance compared with that of other bimetallic reference catalysts for the OER. Additionally, the nanosheet arrays were in situ grown on hydrophilic‐treated carbon paper to fabricate an integrated three‐dimensional electrode that affords a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a small overpotential of 182 mV and a low Tafel slope of 35 mV decade−1 in basic media. The Faradaic efficiency of core‐shell Ni0.66Fe0.17W0.17S2@amorphous NiFeW(OH)z is as high as 99.5% for OER. The scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirm that this electrode has excellent stability in morphology and elementary composition after long‐term electrochemical measurements. Importantly, density functional theory calculations further indicate that the core‐shell heterojunction increased the conductivity of the catalyst, optimized the adsorption energy of the OER intermediates, and improved the OER activity. This study provides a universal strategy for designing more active core‐shell structure electrocatalysts based on the rule of coordinated regulation between electronic transport and active sites.
Stacked bidirectional DC‐DC converter based on classical boost/buck converter for uninterruptible power supply applications
Authors: Nimitti Fabiano Gonzales , Andrade António Manuel Santos Spencer
Published: March 2024

In this paper, a new stacked bidirectional non‐isolated DC‐DC converter for uninterruptible power supply applications is presented. It is a stacked adaptation of the classical bidirectional boost/buck converter and presents improvements such as low number of components; low voltage and current stress on components; high efficiency; and simplicity of operation. In addition, in this paper, the modeling and control of the proposed converter are done, and a comparative evaluation among proposed converter with similar topologies is evaluated. A prototype of 1 kW, 144 to 400 V, is developed in laboratory to validate the theoretical evaluations of proposed converter. Besides that, the proposed converter is also evaluated under different dynamic condition, which illustrates the effectiveness of the converter. Finally, the maximum efficiency obtained is 96.38% in step‐up mode and 95.7% in step‐down mode.
Neutrophil hitchhiking: Riding the drug delivery wave to treat diseases
Authors: Wang Menghui , Jin Zhenhua , Huang Haoyu , Cheng Xifu , Zhang Qin , Tang Ying , Zhu Xiaoping , Zong Zhen , Li Hui , Ning Zhikun
Published: March 2024

Neutrophils are a crucial component of the innate immune system and play a pivotal role in various physiological processes. From a physical perspective, hitchhiking is considered a phenomenon of efficient transportation. The combination of neutrophils and hitchhikers has given rise to effective delivery systems both in vivo and in vitro, thus neutrophils hitchhiking become a novel approach to disease treatment. This article provides an overview of the innovative and feasible application of neutrophils as drug carriers. It explores the mechanisms underlying neutrophil function, elucidates the mechanism of drug delivery mediated by neutrophil‐hitchhiking, and discusses the potential applications of this strategy in the treatment of cancer, immune diseases, inflammatory diseases, and other medical conditions.
Point prevalence of epilepsy in dementia: A “real‐world” estimate
Authors: Muroni Antonella , Floris Gianluca , Borghero Giuseppe , Ardu Silvia , Pateri Maria Ida , Pilotto Silvy , Pisano Giada , Defazio Giovanni
Published: March 2024

Objective

Several studies have demonstrated a higher frequency of seizures and epilepsy in Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia as compared with healthy elderly individuals. However, incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in the general population of dementia are unknown since most previous studies were performed in secondary‐tertiary referral centres. In addition, all prior studies but one provided “period” rather than “point” prevalence estimates.

Methods

We assessed point prevalence estimate of epileptic manifestations requiring antiepileptic medication in patients Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and fronto‐temporal dementia from a secondary clinical setting.

Results

Point prevalence estimates were 6.4% (95% CI: 1.5 to 11.3) in Alzheimer's disease, 8.9% (95% CI: 1.4 to 16.4), in vascular dementia, and 6% (95% CI: 1.3 to 10.7) in fronto‐temporal dementia, rates that were greater than those observed in the healthy elderly population. Regardless of the etiology of dementia, epilepsy was characterized by unprovoked seizures that lacked distinguishing clinical features.

Significance

These findings support epilepsy as part of the spectrum of dementia. The similar point prevalence of definite epilepsy requiring AED treatment in Alzheimer's disease and non Alzheimer dementias raised the possibility of similar underlying mechanism of epileptogenesis. Although this was not a population‐based study, accurate point prevalence data from clinic setting would be important to better define the burden of epilepsy in dementia and the demands on health services to manage the condition.
Lever up! An analysis of options trading in leveraged ETFs
Authors: Gilstrap Collin , Petkevich Alex , Teterin Pavel , Wang Kainan
Published: March 2024

We examine options trading in leveraged Exchange‐Traded Funds (ETFs) and their impact on the performance of the underlying funds. Using implied volatility innovations in call and put options, we demonstrate that option signals from leveraged ETFs are robust predictors of the underlying ETFs' performance. While both levered and unlevered option signals forecast ETF returns, the levered signal is more pronounced in both magnitude and relevance. This predictivity power primarily stems from inverse leveraged ETFs and during economic downturns. Furthermore, we use the leveraged ETF option signals to develop a trading strategy that produces an average abnormal performance of 1.13% per month.
Using parent‐offspring pairs and trios to estimate indirect genetic effects in education
Authors: Trindade Pons Victória , Claringbould Annique , Kamphuis Priscilla , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , van Loo Hanna M.
Published: March 2024

We investigated indirect genetic effects (IGEs), also known as genetic nurture, in education with a novel approach that uses phased data to include parent‐offspring pairs in the transmitted/nontransmitted study design. This method increases the power to detect IGEs, enhances the generalizability of the findings, and allows for the study of effects by parent‐of‐origin. We validated and applied this method in a family‐based subsample of adolescents and adults from the Lifelines Cohort Study in the Netherlands (N = 6147), using the latest genome‐wide association study data on educational attainment to construct polygenic scores (PGS). Our results indicated that IGEs play a role in education outcomes in the Netherlands: we found significant associations of the nontransmitted PGS with secondary school level in youth between 13 and 24 years old as well as with education attainment and years of education in adults over 25 years old (β = 0.14, 0.17 and 0.26, respectively), with tentative evidence for larger maternal IGEs. In conclusion, we replicated previous findings and showed that including parent‐offspring pairs in addition to trios in the transmitted/nontransmitted design can benefit future studies of parental IGEs in a wide range of outcomes.
Are trait‐associated genes clustered together in a gene network?
Authors: Koo Hyun Jung , Pan Wei
Published: March 2024

Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have provided an abundance of information about the genetic variants and their loci that are associated to complex traits and diseases. However, due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) and noncoding regions of loci, it remains a challenge to pinpoint the causal genes. Gene network‐based approaches, paired with network diffusion methods, have been proposed to prioritize causal genes and to boost statistical power in GWAS based on the assumption that trait‐associated genes are clustered in a gene network. Due to the difficulty in mapping trait‐associated variants to genes in GWAS, this assumption has never been directly or rigorously tested empirically. On the other hand, whole exome sequencing (WES) data focuses on the protein‐coding regions, directly identifying trait‐associated genes. In this study, we tested the assumption by leveraging the recently available exome‐based association statistics from the UK Biobank WES data along with two types of networks. We found that almost all trait‐associated genes were significantly more proximal to each other than randomly selected genes within both networks. These results support the assumption that trait‐associated genes are clustered in gene networks, which can be further leveraged to boost the power of GWAS such as by introducing less stringent p value thresholds.
Protocol for the Photocatalytic Hydroxyalkenylation of Alkenes Using 1,2‐Bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene and Water
Authors: Tsai Chen‐Yang , Chen Chun‐Yu , Wu Yen‐Ku , Ryu Ilhyong
Published: March 2024

We report on a protocol for the hydroxyalkenylation of alkenes using an acridinium photoredox catalyst in combination with 1,2‐bis(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene and water. Using the protocol, alkenes could be converted into the corresponding 1‐phenylsulfonyl‐4‐hydroxyalkenes in good yields. The hydroxyalkenylation involves the nucleophilic hydroxylation of alkene‐derived radical cations to give β‐hydroxyalkyl radicals, which then undergo a radical addition/β‐elimination sequence. The catalytic cycle is likely sustained by electron transfer from the acridine radical to the benzenesulfonyl radical, which is formed via a radical addition/elimination sequence.
Walking forward or on hold: Could the ChatGPT be applied for seeking health information in neurosurgical settings?
Authors: Yan Si‐Yu , Liu Yi‐Fan , Ma Lu , Xiao Ling‐Long , Hu Xin , Guo Rui , You Chao , Tian Rui
Published: March 2024

Self‐management is important for patients suffering from cerebrovascular events after neurosurgical procedures. An increasing number of artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted tools have been used in postoperative health management. ChatGPT is a new trend dialog‐based chatbot that could be used as a supplemental tool for seeking health information. Responses from ChatGPT version 3.5 and 4.0 toward 13 questions raised by experienced neurosurgeons were evaluated in this exploratory study for their consistency and appropriateness blindly by the other three neurosurgeons. The readability of response text was investigated quantitively by word count and the Gunning Fog and Flesch–Kincaid indices. Results showed that the chatbot could provide relatively stable output between the two versions on consistency and appropriateness (χ² = 0.348). As for readability, there was a higher demand for readers to comprehend the output text in the 4.0 version (more counts of words; lower Flesch–Kincaid reading ease score; and higher Flesch–Kincaid grade level). In general, the capacity of ChatGPT to deliver effective health information is still under debate.