bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic Approach for Lung Segmentation with Juxta-Pleural Nodules from Thoracic CT Based on Contour Tracing and Correction
Authors: Wang Jinke , Guo Haoyan
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a fully automatic framework for lung segmentation, in which juxta-pleural nodule problem is brought into strong focus. The proposed scheme consists of three phases: skin boundary detection, rough segmentation of lung contour, and pulmonary parenchyma refinement. Firstly, chest skin boundary is extracted through image aligning, morphology operation, and connective region analysis. Secondly, diagonal-based border tracing is implemented for lung contour segmentation, with maximum cost path algorithm used for separating the left and right lungs. Finally, by arc-based border smoothing and concave-based border correction, the refined pulmonary parenchyma is obtained. The proposed scheme is evaluated on 45 volumes of chest scans, with volume difference (VD) 11.15±69.63 cm3, volume overlap error (VOE) 3.5057±1.3719%, average surface distance (ASD) 0.7917±0.2741 mm, root mean square distance (RMSD) 1.6957±0.6568 mm, maximum symmetric absolute surface distance (MSD) 21.3430±8.1743 mm, and average time-cost 2 seconds per image. The preliminary results on accuracy and complexity prove that our scheme is a promising tool for lung segmentation with juxta-pleural nodules.
Determination of Metal Impurities in Carbon Nanotubes Sampled Using Surface Wipes
Authors: Avramescu Mary-Luyza , Rasmussen Pat E. , Chénier Marc
Published: November 2016

Residual metal impurities in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide a means to distinguish CNT from non-CNT sources of elemental carbon in environmental samples. A practical and cost-effective analytical approach is needed to support routine surface monitoring of CNT metal tracers using wipe sampling. Wipe sampling for CNT metal tracers is considered a qualitative indicator of the presence of CNTs, not a quantitative exposure metric. In this study, two digestion approaches (microwave-assisted nitric acid/H2O2 digestion and ultrasonic nitric/HF acid digestion) in conjunction with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) determination were evaluated for their ability to extract metal impurities from CNT particles captured on wipe substrates. Aliquots of different carbon nanotubes (including NIST 2483 single-wall CNT) with and without GhostWipes™ (ASTM E-1792 compliant) were used to compare the performance of the digestion methods. The microwave digestion method accommodated the bulky wipe sample and also eliminated potential ICP-MS signal interferences related to incomplete digestion. Although quantitative recoveries requiring lengthy multistep digestion protocols may be necessary in other applications, the near-total recoveries achieved in the present study for CNT catalyst elements were adequate for identifying surface contamination of CNTs in the workplace using wipe sampling.
Surgical Management of Giant Genital Condyloma Acuminata by Using Double Keystone Flaps
Authors: Eriad Yunir Peri , Mochtar Chaidir A. , Hamid Agus Rizal A. H. , Sukasah Chaula L. , Umbas Rainy
Published: November 2016

Condyloma acuminata in the external genitalia (genital warts) is a sexually transmitted disease that is often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). We report a case of giant genital condyloma acuminata in a 35-year-old male patient with HIV comorbidity treated by wide surgical excision. Excision defect was covered with split thickness skin graft (STSG) and double keystone flaps. There was no complication after surgery. Ten months following surgery, there was no new condyloma lesion and the patient had normal voiding and erectile functions.
Nanocrystalline Axially Bridged Iron Phthalocyanine Polymeric Conductor: (μ-Thiocyanato)(phthalocyaninato)iron(III)
Authors: Shimizu Eiza , Santos Gil Nonato , Yu Derrick Ethelbhert
Published: November 2016

Skewered Iron(III) phthalocyanine conducting polymer can be constructed with the utilization of axial thiocyanato ligands ((μ-thiocyanato)(phthalocyaninato)iron(III)); (FeIII(Pc)(SCN)n) thereby creating additional avenues for electron transport through a linear SCN bridge, apart from the intermolecularπ-πorbital overlap between the Pc molecules. In this paper, we report on the conversion of bulkFeIII(Pc)(SCN)npolymeric organic conductor into crystalline nanostructures through horizontal vapor phase growth process. The needle-like nanostructures are deemed to provide more ordered and, thus, moreπ-πinteractive interskewerFeIII(Pc)(SCN)npolymer orientation, resulting in a twofold increase of its electrical conductivity per materials density unit.
Composition of Trace Metals in Dust Samples Collected from Selected High Schools in Pretoria, South Africa
Authors: Olowoyo J. O. , Mugivhisa L. L. , Magoloi Z. G.
Published: November 2016

Potential health risks associated with trace metal pollution have necessitated the importance of monitoring their levels in the environment. The present study investigated the concentrations and compositions of trace metals in dust samples collected from classrooms and playing ground from the selected high schools In Pretoria. Schools were selected from Pretoria based on factors such as proximity to high traffic ways, industrial areas, and residential areas. Thirty-two dust samples were collected from inside and outside the classrooms, where learners often stay during recess period. The dust samples were analysed for trace metal concentrations using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The composition of the elements showed that the concentrations of Zn were more than all other elements except from one of the schools. There were significant differences in the concentrations of trace metals from the schools (p<0.05). Regular cleaning, proximity to busy road, and well maintained gardens seem to have positive effects on the concentrations of trace metals recorded from the classrooms dust. The result further revealed a positive correlation for elements such as Pb, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Sb, indicating that the dust might have a common source.
Regional Anaesthesia Is Associated with Shorter Postanaesthetic Care and Less Pain Than General Anaesthesia after Upper Extremity Surgery
Authors: Grauman Sven , Boethius Jakob , Johansson Joakim
Published: November 2016

Introduction. For surgery on the upper extremity, the anaesthetist often has a choice between regional anaesthesia (RA) and general anaesthesia (GA). We sought to investigate the possible differences between RA and GA after upper extremity surgery with regard to postoperative patient comfort.Methods. This is a retrospective observational study that was performed at an acute care secondary referral centre. One hundred and eighty-seven procedures involving orthopaedic surgery on the upper extremity were included. The different groups (RA and GA) were compared regarding the primary outcome variable, length of stay in Postanaesthesia Unit, and secondary outcome variables, opioid consumption and nausea treatment.Results. RA was associated with significantly shorter median length of stay (99 versus 171 minutes). In the GA group, 32% of the patients received opioid analgesics and 21% received antiemetics. In the RA group, none received opioid analgesics and 3% received antiemetics.Conclusion. In this observational study, RA was superior to GA for surgery of the upper extremity regarding Postanaesthesia Care Unit length of stay, number of doses of analgesic, and number of doses of antiemetic administered.
An Iterative, Mixed Usability Approach Applied to the Telekit System from the Danish TeleCare North Trial
Authors: Lilholt Pernille Heyckendorff , Schaarup Clara , Hejlesen Ole Kristian
Published: November 2016

Objective. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the usability of the telehealth system, coined Telekit, by using an iterative, mixed usability approach. Materials and Methods. Ten double experts participated in two heuristic evaluations (HE1, HE2), and 11 COPD patients attended two think-aloud tests. The double experts identified usability violations and classified them into Jakob Nielsen’s heuristics. These violations were then translated into measurable values on a scale of 0 to 4 indicating degree of severity. In the think-aloud tests, COPD participants were invited to verbalise their thoughts. Results. The double experts identified 86 usability violations in HE1 and 101 usability violations in HE2. The majority of the violations were rated in the 0–2 range. The findings from the think-aloud tests resulted in 12 themes and associated examples regarding the usability of the Telekit system. The use of the iterative, mixed usability approach produced both quantitative and qualitative results. Conclusion. The iterative, mixed usability approach yields a strong result owing to the high number of problems identified in the tests because the double experts and the COPD participants focus on different aspects of Telekit’s usability. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01984840, November 14, 2013.
Release of siRNA from Liposomes Induced by Curcumin
Authors: Fujita Kazuyo , Hiramatsu Yoshie , Minematsu Hideki , Somiya Masaharu , Kuroda Shun’ichi , Seno Masaharu , Hinuma Shuji
Published: November 2016

Liposomes are a potential carrier of small interfering RNA (siRNA) for drug delivery systems (DDS). In this study, we searched for a molecule capable of controlling the release of siRNA from a certain type of liposomes and found that curcumin could induce the release of siRNA from the liposomes encapsulating siRNA within 30 min. However, the release of siRNA from the liposomes by curcumin showed a unique dose-response (i.e., bell-shaped curve) with a maximal induction at around 60 μg/ml of curcumin. Liposomal lipid compositions and temperatures influenced the efficiency in the release of siRNA induced by curcumin. About 10% of curcumin at a 60 μg/ml dose was incorporated into the liposomes within 30 min under our experimental conditions. Our results suggest a possibility that curcumin is useful in controlling the permeability of liposomes carrying large molecules like siRNA.
Pediatric Heart Failure, Lagging, and Sagging of Care in Low Income Settings: A Hospital Based Review of Cases in Ethiopia
Authors: Gebremariam Solmon , Moges Tamirat
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Causes of acute heart failure in children range from simple myocarditis complicating chest infection to complex structural heart diseases.Objective.To describe patterns, predictors of mortality, and management outcomes of acute heart failure in children.Methods.In retrospective review, between February 2012 and October 2015 at a tertiary center, 106 admitted cases were selected consecutively from discharge records. Data were extracted from patients chart and analyzed using SPSS software package.t-test and statistical significance atPvalue < 0.05 with 95% CI were used.Result. Acute heart failure accounted for 2.9% of the total pediatric admissions. The age ranged from 2 months up to 14 years with mean age of 8 years. Male to female ratio is 1 : 2.1. Rheumatic heart disease accounted for 53.7%; pneumonia, anemia, infective endocarditis, and recurrence of acute rheumatic fever were the main precipitating causes. Death occurred in 19% of cases. Younger age at presentation, low hemoglobin concentration, and undernutrition were associated with death withPvalue of 0.00, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively.Conclusions and Recommendation. Pediatric heart failure in our settings is diagnosed mainly in older age groups and mostly precipitated due to preventable causes. Significant mortality is observed in relation to factors that can be preventable in children with underlying structural heart disease. Early suspicion and diagnosis of cases may reduce the observed high mortality.
Unified Spatial Intersection Algorithms Based on Conformal Geometric Algebra
Authors: Zhang Feng , Jiang Xiaomin , Zhang Xiaoyi , Wang Yingzhi , Du Zhenhong , Liu Renyi
Published: November 2016

Conformal Geometric Algebra has been introduced into geographic information science as a mathematical theory because of its advantages in terms of uniform multidimensional representation and computation. The traditional intersection computation between two geometric objects of different types is not unified. In this study, we propose algorithms based on Conformal Geometric Algebra to determine the spatial relationships between geographic objects in a unified manner. The unified representation and intersection computation can be realized for geometric objects of different dimensions. Different basic judgment rules are provided for different simple geometries. The algorithms are designed and implemented using MapReduce to improve the efficiency of the algorithms. From the results of several experiments we provide, the correctness and effectiveness of the algorithms can be verified.
Dysregulation of Rab37-Mediated Cross-talk between Cancer Cells and Endothelial Cells via Thrombospondin-1 Promotes Tumor Neovasculature and Metastasis
Authors: Tzeng Hong-Tai , Tsai Chung-Han , Yen Yi-Ting , Cheng Hung-Chi , Chen Yi-Chieh , Pu Shih-Wen , Wang Yu-Shiuan , Shan Yan-Shen , Tseng Yau-Lin , Su Wu-Chou , Lai Wu-Wei , Wu Li-Wha , Wang Yi-Ching
Published: November 2016

Purpose: Accumulating evidence indicates that factors secreted by cancer epithelial cells shape the tumor microenvironment to promote cancer invasion and metastasis. Recent studies also shed light on alterations of Rab small GTPase–mediated exocytosis in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanisms for Rab-mediated exocytosis in tumor microenvironment remain elusive. We aimed to investigate the interplay between Rab37-mediated exocytosis and tumor microenvironment, focusing on endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis.

Experimental Design: We performed fluorescence IHC for Rab37, thrombospondin-1 (TSP1, an antiangiogenesis factor), and angiogenesis marker CD31 in 183 surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patient samples. Cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis were measured.

Results: ESCC patients with low expression of Rab37 or TSP1 significantly correlated with high CD31 expression and were associated with worse progression-free survival. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that concordant low expression of both Rab37 and TSP1 was an independent prognostic factor of ESCC patients. Rab37-mediated exocytosis of TSP1 led to the inhibition of neovasculature in vitro and in vivo. Secreted TSP1 from cancer cells with Rab37 exocytic function inhibited the p-FAK/p-paxillin/p-ERK migration signaling in both cancer epithelial cells and their surrounding endothelial cells. Dysfunction of Rab37 or loss of TSP1 abrogated the suppressive effects on angiogenesis and metastasis.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that Rab37-mediated TSP1 secretion in cancer cells suppresses metastasis and angiogenesis via a cross-talk with endothelial cells and reveal a novel component of the vesicular exocytic machinery in tumor microenvironment and tumor progression. Dysregulation of Rab37/TSP1 axis has clinical implications for prognosis prediction. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2335–45. ©2016 AACR.
Combinatorial Drug Screening Identifies Ewing Sarcoma–specific Sensitivities
Authors: Radic-Sarikas Branka , Tsafou Kalliopi P. , Emdal Kristina B. , Papamarkou Theodore , Huber Kilian V. M. , Mutz Cornelia , Toretsky Jeffrey A. , Bennett Keiryn L. , Olsen Jesper V. , Brunak Søren , Kovar Heinrich , Superti-Furga Giulio
Published: November 2016

Improvements in survival for Ewing sarcoma pediatric and adolescent patients have been modest over the past 20 years. Combinations of anticancer agents endure as an option to overcome resistance to single treatments caused by compensatory pathways. Moreover, combinations are thought to lessen any associated adverse side effects through reduced dosing, which is particularly important in childhood tumors. Using a parallel phenotypic combinatorial screening approach of cells derived from three pediatric tumor types, we identified Ewing sarcoma–specific interactions of a diverse set of targeted agents including approved drugs. We were able to retrieve highly synergistic drug combinations specific for Ewing sarcoma and identified signaling processes important for Ewing sarcoma cell proliferation determined by EWS-FLI1. We generated a molecular target profile of PKC412, a multikinase inhibitor with strong synergistic propensity in Ewing sarcoma, revealing its targets in critical Ewing sarcoma signaling routes. Using a multilevel experimental approach including quantitative phosphoproteomics, we analyzed the molecular rationale behind the disease-specific synergistic effect of simultaneous application of PKC412 and IGF1R inhibitors. The mechanism of the drug synergy between these inhibitors is different from the sum of the mechanisms of the single agents. The combination effectively inhibited pathway crosstalk and averted feedback loop repression, in EWS-FLI1–dependent manner. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(1); 88–101. ©2016 AACR.
Near Infrared Photoimmunotherapy in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Spontaneous Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-expressing Lung Cancer
Authors: Nakamura Yuko , Ohler Zoe Weaver , Householder Deborah , Nagaya Tadanobu , Sato Kazuhide , Okuyama Shuhei , Ogata Fusa , Daar Dagane , Hoa Tieu , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka
Published: November 2016

Near infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR-PIT) is a new cancer treatment that combines the specificity of antibodies for targeting tumors with the toxicity induced by a sensitive photoabsorber following exposure to NIR light. Most studies of NIR-PIT have been performed in xenograft models of cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of NIR-PIT in a transgenic model of spontaneous lung cancer expressing human EGFR (hEGFR-TL). Mice were separated into 3 groups for the following treatments: (1) no treatment (control); (2) 150 μg of photoabsorber, IR700, conjugated to panitumumab, an antibody targeting EGFR [antibody–photoabsorber conjugate (APC)] intravenously (i.v.) only; (3) 150 μg of APC i.v. with NIR light administration. Each treatment was performed every week up to three weeks. MRI was performed 1 day before and 3, 6, 13, 20, 27, and 34 days after first NIR-PIT. The relative volume of lung tumors was calculated from the tumor volume at each MRI time point divided by the initial volume. Steel test for multiple comparisons was used to compare the tumor volume ratio with that of control. Tumor volume ratio was inhibited significantly in the NIR-PIT group compared with control group (P < 0.01 at all time points). In conclusion, NIR-PIT effectively treated a spontaneous lung cancer in a hEGFR-TL transgenic mouse model. MRI successfully monitored the therapeutic effects of NIR-PIT. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 408–14. ©2016 AACR.
Lipofilling: A New Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Lupus Panniculitis-Induced Atrophy
Authors: Polivka Laura , Revol Marc , Battistella Maxime , Bachelez Hervé
Published: November 2016

Lupus panniculitis is a rare manifestation of cutaneous lupus erythematosus, which may lead to major aesthetic sequelae with a severe impact on patients’ quality of life. We report 2 cases supporting the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of lipofilling in the treatment of lupus panniculitis-induced atrophy. These observations pave the way for prospective, larger-scale studies in patients with scarring lupus panniculitis, provided that the autoimmune pathogenic process is in complete, stable remission.
Chromosome 1p31.1p31.3 Deletion in a Patient with Craniosynostosis, Central Nervous System and Renal Malformation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rivera-Pedroza Carlos I. , Barraza-García Jimena , Paumard-Hernández Beatriz , Nevado Julian , Orbea-Gallardo Carlos , Sánchez del Pozo Jaime , Heath Karen E.
Published: November 2016

Interstitial deletions in the short arm of chromosome 1 are infrequent. We report a female with a 1p31.1p31.3 deletion and cloverleaf skull, who presented with renal and central nervous system malformations, cleft palate, severe ocular anomalies, and cutis laxa, in addition to the previously described clinical data present in other cases with deletions encompassing this region, such as developmental delay, seizures, round face with a prominent nose, micro/retrognathia, half-opened mouth, short neck, hand/foot malformations, hernia, congenital heart malformations, and abnormal external genitalia. The deletion spanned ∼18.6 Mb and included a total of 68 OMIM protein coding genes. We have reviewed 17 cases previously described in the literature and in DECIPHER involving the chromosomal region 1p31.1p31.3. Only 3 of these affect the whole region, 9 are partial deletions of this region, and 5 are much smaller deletions. Taking into account the MORBID ID and the haploinsufficiency score of the genes, we go on to propose which genes may explain particular clinical features observed in the patient. IL23R may be responsible for the craniosynostosis, FOXD2 for the renal anomalies, LHX8 for closure defects of the palate, and ST6GALNAC3 for skin anomalies. In summary, we have identified a chromosome 1p31.1p31.3 deletion in a patient with an atypical presentation of craniosynostosis amongst other more typical features observed in individuals with similar deletions.
Comparison of 3-Month Stroke Disability and Quality of Life across Modified Rankin Scale Categories
Authors: Rangaraju Srikant , Haussen Diogo , Nogueira Raul G. , Nahab Fadi , Frankel Michael
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose: Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-2 has been used to define “good outcome” while stroke patients with mRS 3 are grouped with mRS 4-6 as having “poor outcome.” Long-term data comparing quality of life (QoL), particularly across the mRS 2, 3, and 4 subgroups, are sparse. Methods: Participants in the Interventional Management of Stroke 3 (IMS3) trial with documented 3-month mRS, functional disability (Barthel index [BI]), and self-reported EQ5D-3L QoL questionnaires at 3 months after stroke were included. EQ5D-3L summary indices were calculated using published utility weights for the US population. BI and EQ5D-3L indices were compared across mRS categories using multiple pairwise comparisons with appropriate alpha error corrections. Results: Four hundred twenty-three patients were included (mean age 64 ± 13 years, median baseline NIHSS 16 [IQR 12-19], mean BI 84.1 ± 25.3, and mean EQ5D-3L index 0.73 ± 0.24). While significant differences in BI were observed across mRS categories, QoL in the mRS 2 and 3 categories was similar. Based on BI and EQ5D-3L index, mRS 3 status was more similar to mRS 2 than to mRS 4 status, and large heterogeneity in the mRS 3 group was observed. Conclusions: Ischemic stroke patients who achieve mRS 2 and 3 functional outcomes seem to have similar health-related QoL scores. mRS 0-3, rather than 0-2, should be considered a good outcome category in moderate to severe ischemic stroke.
Safety and Tolerability of CSL112, a Reconstituted, Infusible, Plasma-Derived Apolipoprotein A-I, After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Michael Gibson C. , Korjian Serge , Tricoci Pierluigi , Daaboul Yazan , Yee Megan , Jain Purva , Alexander John H. , Steg P. Gabriel , Lincoff A. Michael , Kastelein John J.P. , Mehran Roxana , D’Andrea Denise M. , Deckelbaum Lawrence I. , Merkely Bela , Zarebinski Maciej , Ophuis Ton Oude , Harrington Robert A.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Human or recombinant apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been shown to increase high-density lipoprotein–mediated cholesterol efflux capacity and to regress atherosclerotic disease in animal and clinical studies. CSL112 is an infusible, plasma-derived apoA-I that has been studied in normal subjects or those with stable coronary artery disease. This study aimed to characterize the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of CSL112 in patients with a recent acute myocardial infarction.

Methods:

The AEGIS-I trial (Apo-I Event Reducing in Ischemic Syndromes I) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging phase 2b trial. Patients with myocardial infarction were stratified by renal function and randomized 1:1:1 to CSL112 (2 g apoA-I per dose) and high-dose CSL112 (6 g apoA-I per dose), or placebo for 4 consecutive weekly infusions. Coprimary safety end points were occurrence of either a hepatic safety event (an increase in alanine transaminase >3 times the upper limit of normal or an increase in total bilirubin >2 times the upper limit of normal) or a renal safety event (an increase in serum creatinine >1.5 times the baseline value or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy).

Results:

A total of 1258 patients were randomized, and 91.2% received all 4 infusions. The difference in incidence rates for an increase in alanine transaminase or total bilirubin between both CSL112 arms and placebo was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 4%. Similarly, the difference in incidence rates for an increase in serum creatinine or a new requirement for renal replacement therapy was within the protocol-defined noninferiority margin of 5%. CSL112 was associated with increases in apoA-I and ex vivo cholesterol efflux similar to that achieved in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In regard to the secondary efficacy end point, the risk for the composite of major adverse cardiovascular events among the groups was similar.

Conclusions:

Among patients with acute myocardial infarction, 4 weekly infusions of CSL112 are feasible, well tolerated, and not associated with any significant alterations in liver or kidney function or other safety concern. The ability of CSL112 to acutely enhance cholesterol efflux was confirmed. The potential benefit of CSL112 to reduce major adverse cardiovascular events needs to be assessed in an adequately powered phase 3 trial.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02108262.
Effect of Right Insular Involvement on Death and Functional Outcome After Acute Ischemic Stroke in the IST-3 Trial (Third International Stroke Trial)
Authors: Sposato Luciano A. , Cohen Geoffrey , Wardlaw Joanna M. , Sandercock Peter , Lindley Richard I. , Hachinski Vladimir , von Kummer Rudiger , von Heijne Anders , Bradey Nick , Peeters Andre , Cala Lesley , Adami Alessandro , Morris Zoe , Farrall Andrew , Potter Gillian
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—

In patients with acute ischemic stroke, whether involvement of the insular cortex influences outcome is controversial. Much of the apparent adverse outcome may relate to such strokes usually being severe. We examined the influence of right and left insular involvement on stroke outcomes among patients from the IST-3 study (Third International Stroke Trial) who had visible ischemic stroke on neuroimaging.

Methods—

We used multiple logistic regression to compare outcomes of left versus right insular and noninsular strokes across strata of stroke severity, on death, proportion dead or dependent, and level of disability (ordinalized Oxford Handicap Score) at 6 months, with adjustment for the effects of age, lesion size, and presence of atrial fibrillation.

Results—

Of 3035 patients recruited, 2099 had visible ischemic strokes limited to a single hemisphere on computed tomography/magnetic resonance scans. Of these, 566 and 714 had infarction of right and left insula. Six months after randomization, right insular involvement was associated with increased odds of death when compared with noninsular strokes on the left side (adjusted odds ratio, 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.33−2.52), whereas the adjusted odds ratio comparing mortality after insular versus noninsular strokes on the left side was not significant. Among mild/moderate strokes, outcomes for right insular involvement were worse than for left insular, but among more severe strokes, the difference in outcomes was less substantial.

Conclusions—

We found an association between right insular involvement and higher odds of death and worse functional outcome. The difference between right- and left-sided insular lesions on outcomes seemed to be most evident for mild/moderate strokes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN25765518.
Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm (Part I)
Authors: Stewart Richard W.
Published: November 2016

This two-part historiographical article examines many of the key historical books written in English on military operations in the Persian Gulf from 1990 to 1991. Although increasingly viewed, even by historians, as little more than a historical footnote to the tumultuous events in the region after the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the subsequent invasion of Iraq in 2003, the events of the Persian Gulf War, often referred to by their U.S. operational names Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, have given us a rich and important literature on its military aspects of the war. The Gulf War was viewed at the time as an important test of U.S. political resolve after the retreat from the wars in Southeast Asia in the 1960s and 1970s, and an equally important test of the rebirth of the American military. The article begins with a summary of those operations in the Gulf now twenty-five years in the past. It goes on to review the most important military historical books on the dominant subject of air power in the Gulf in part one and follows that in part two with works on ground operations, naval support, key memoirs, professional military analyses of the events, and general or popular works. Part two will be published in ijhm issue 36–2 and contain a comprehensive listing of the major works discussed. In all, some forty-three major books and over twenty additional works are summarized with an analysis of their contributions to the various debates on the planning and preparation for the war and the key elements of its conduct. This was an important operation that led to deeper U.S. and western involvement in the Persian Gulf region and, ultimately, to a second invasion of Iraq with even more dramatic consequences in 2003.
Discussion on the taxonomy of African fern Abrodictyum rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson and description of two new Abrodictyum C.Presl species (Hymenophyllaceae, Polypodiidae) for the Afro-Malagasy region
Authors: DUBUISSON JEAN-YVES , BAURET LUCIE , GRALL AURELIE , LI TIAN , EBIHARA ATSUSHI , HENNEQUIN SABINE
Published: November 2016

The taxonomy of the genus Abrodictyum is complex, with many species showing similar gross morphology, especially those supposedly related to A. rigidum. Morphological and morphometric comparisons were performed on Neotropical A. rigidum specimens, African specimens first attributed to A. rigidum and two supposedly new distinct Abrodictyum species from the western Indian Ocean. All species share similar gross morphology and therefore are often confused in the wild and in herbarium collections. Morphological and morphometric analyses have not led us to the discrimination of distinct taxa or morpho-groups, except for one of the two supposedly new species, which appears to be endemic to Madagascar and shows some differences in frond shape, frond division and the indusium. Molecular analyses nevertheless confirm the distinctiveness of the Malagasy endemic new species, and the clustering of African A. rigidum with the second supposedly new species, both new taxa being consequently distinct from true Neotropical A. rigidum. We describe thus two new species: Abrodictyum pseudorigidum sp. nov., which is widespread in tropical Africa and in the western Indian Ocean and forms with true A. rigidum a pair of cryptic species, and Abrodictyum franceae sp. nov. endemic to Madagascar.
Species of Psilocybe (Hymenogastraceae) from Yunnan, southwest China
Authors: MA TAO , LING XIAO-FEI , HYDE KEVIN D.
Published: November 2016

Species of Psilocybe collected in Yunnan Province in southwest China were identified using both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and nrLSU sequence data. Six phylogenetic species were recognized among the studied collections. In this paper, Psilocybe ruliensis is introduced as a new species, while Psilocybe keralensis is new to China, P. aff. fasciata is new to Yunnan and P. chuxiongensis is recollected in Yunnan Province. The remaining two phylogenetic species are not described or detailed due to the paucity of the material. The four species appear to be endemic to Asia.
Quantifying the Eddy–Jet Feedback Strength of the Annular Mode in an Idealized GCM and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Ma Ding , Hassanzadeh Pedram , Kuang Zhiming
Published: November 2016

A linear response function (LRF) that relates the temporal tendency of zonal-mean temperature and zonal wind to their anomalies and external forcing is used to accurately quantify the strength of the eddy–jet feedback associated with the annular mode in an idealized GCM. Following a simple feedback model, the results confirm the presence of a positive eddy–jet feedback in the annular mode dynamics, with a feedback strength of 0.137 day−1 in the idealized GCM. Statistical methods proposed by earlier studies to quantify the feedback strength are evaluated against results from the LRF. It is argued that the mean-state-independent eddy forcing reduces the accuracy of these statistical methods because of the quasi-oscillatory nature of the eddy forcing. Assuming the mean-state-independent eddy forcing is sufficiently weak at the low-frequency limit, a new method is proposed to approximate the feedback strength as the regression coefficient of low-pass-filtered eddy forcing onto the low-pass-filtered annular mode index. When time scales longer than 200 days are used for the low-pass filtering, the new method produces accurate results in the idealized GCM compared to the value calculated from the LRF. The estimated feedback strength in the southern annular mode converges to 0.121 day−1 in reanalysis data using the new method. This work also highlights the significant contribution of medium-scale waves, which have periods less than 2 days, to the annular mode dynamics. Such waves are filtered out if eddy forcing is calculated from daily mean data. The present study provides a framework to quantify the eddy–jet feedback strength in GCMs and reanalysis data.
The Energetics of Southern Ocean Upwelling
Authors: Hogg Andrew McC. , Spence Paul , Saenko Oleg A. , Downes Stephanie M.
Published: November 2016

The ocean’s meridional overturning circulation is closed by the upwelling of dense, carbon-rich waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean. It has been proposed that upwelling in this region is driven by strong westerly winds, implying that the intensification of Southern Ocean winds in recent decades may have enhanced the rate of upwelling, potentially affecting the global overturning circulation. However, there is no consensus on the sensitivity of upwelling to winds or on the nature of the connection between Southern Ocean processes and the global overturning circulation. In this study, the sensitivity of the overturning circulation to changes in Southern Ocean westerly wind stress is investigated using an eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice model. In addition to a suite of standard circulation metrics, an energy analysis is used to aid dynamical interpretation of the model response. Increased Southern Ocean wind stress enhances the upper cell of the overturning circulation through creation of available potential energy in the Southern Hemisphere, associated with stronger upwelling of deep water. Poleward shifts in the Southern Ocean westerlies lead to a complicated transient response, with the formation of bottom water induced by increased polynya activity in the Weddell Sea and a weakening of the upper overturning cell in the Northern Hemisphere. The energetic consequences of the upper overturning cell response indicate an interhemispheric connection to the input of available potential energy in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Effect of Potential Activations on the Employment of Military Reservists: Evidence from a Field Experiment
Authors: Figinski Theodore F.
Published: November 2016

U.S. military reservists are primarily employed in the civilian labor market. During periods of military conflict, such as the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, the government may call reservists to full-time military service, requiring reservists to leave their civilian jobs. Federal law requires employers to rehire reservists once their full-time military service ends and also prohibits employers from discriminating against reservists because of their military membership. This article uses a résumé study to examine how the labor market protections provided to reservists and the potential labor market absences affect the employment outcomes of reservists. The results suggest that current membership in the Reserves, as compared to previous membership, reduces the probability of receiving a request for a job interview by 10.7%.
Fear of crime and the police
Authors: Crowl Justin N , Battin Joshua R
Published: November 2016

Using lifestyle exposure theory as a guide, this study examines the complex relationship between fear of crime and select lifestyle and individual-level constructs. Participants included undergraduate students at two state-funded universities located in Pennsylvania. Student fear of crime at both universities was examined to ascertain what factors influence this emotion-laden phenomenon. Results revealed support for several key fear of crime correlates. Notably, a significant relationship emerged between police visibility and fear of crime in the estimated partial and full models. Results also indicated that student lifestyle choices can impact fear of crime; this relationship can vary across samples, as evidenced in this study. It was also found that multiple individual characteristics, namely gender, race and living arrangement, were positively related to student fear of crime. A discussion and implications are offered to conclude.
Identifying consumerist privately owned public spaces: The ideal type of mass private property
Authors: Zhang Xuefan
Published: November 2016

Over the past several decades, more and more social activities happen in places which are privately owned. Scholars have called these properties ‘mass private property’ (MPP): the private properties that are open to the mass. However, while MPP arouses scholars’ attention and interest, there is not a clear understanding of what type of physical space is a ‘mass private property’. Rather, the concept of MPP is usually used in an intuitive and taken-for-granted way without examining the ideal essences of diverse MPP spaces. This essay clarifies the criteria by developing the ideal type of MPP. Although MPPs are diverse, to some extent they should share the ideal-typing features of real-estate, legal and sociological dimensions.
Technology Familiarization to Preservice Teachers
Authors: Kalonde Gilbert , Mousa Rabab
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that influence teacher educators’ technology decisions in methods courses. Research has shown various reasons why teachers use different types of technologies and not able to integrate certain technologies. However, this study focused on the source of teachers’ instructional technology foundations, knowledge, and preparation for teaching. A total of 90 teacher educators were surveyed and stated that content, ease of use, availability, experiences, students’ interest, and obstacles influence decisions on technologies modeled to preservice teachers in the methods courses. This study provides a different perspective on understanding teachers’ dilemma on technology integration in K-12 classrooms. The findings provide information to understand teacher educators’ technology decisions and modeling influence on K-12 teachers’ technology integration in the classroom.
Teachers’ and Students’ Views on E-Learning Readiness in Kuwait’s Secondary Public Schools
Authors: Aldhafeeri Fayiz M. , Khan Badrul H.
Published: November 2016

This article reports on an e-learning readiness study that was carried out to assess the organizational and individual factors of the two major stakeholder groups (teachers and students) in the secondary education institutions in the State of Kuwait in order to provide significant information to the policy makers and regulatory bodies for the development of successful e-learning strategies. Data were gathered with the use of the e-learning Readiness Survey from a purposive sample of 1,314 teachers and 1,307 students. This study looks specifically at some factors at the initial stage of an e-learning introduction that can have tremendous impact on the later stages of the process. The findings from the study were instrumental in implementing successful e-learning strategies for Kuwait and will also benefit e-learning initiatives in similar institutions in other Gulf Cooperation Council countries and beyond.
Strain Differences in a Murine Model of Air Pollutant–induced Nonatopic Asthma and Rhinitis
Authors: Harkema Jack R. , Hotchkiss Lucas A. , Vetter Nicholas A. , Jackson-Humbles Daven N. , Lewandowski Ryan P. , Wagner James G.
Published: November 2016

Ozone is an irritating gas found in photochemical smog. Epidemiological associations have been made between the onset of asthma and childhood exposures to increasing levels of ambient ozone (i.e., air pollutant–induced nonatopic asthma). Individuals, however, vary in their susceptibility to this outdoor air pollutant, which may be due, in part, to their genetic makeup. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that there are murine strain-dependent differences in pulmonary and nasal pathologic responses to repeated ozone exposures. C57BL/6NTac and BALB/cNTac mice were exposed to 0 or 0.8 ppm ozone, 4 hr/day, for 9 consecutive weekdays. In both strains of mice, ozone induced eosinophilic inflammation and mucous cell metaplasia in the nasal and pulmonary airways. Lungs of ozone-exposed C57BL/6NTac mice, however, had greater eosinophilic inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and expression of genes related to type 2 immunity and airway mucus hypersecretion, as compared to similarly exposed BALB/cNTac mice. Ozone-exposed C57BL/6NTac mice also had greater eosinophilic rhinitis but a similar degree of mucous cell metaplasia in nasal epithelium, as ozone-exposed BALB/cNTac mice. These findings suggest that nonatopic individuals may differ in their inflammatory and epithelial responses to repeated ozone exposures that are due, in part, to genetic factors.
Intensive opera training program effects: A psychological investigation
Authors: Thomson Paula , Jaque S. Victoria , Baltz Ann
Published: November 2016

Opera singers face psychological and occupational demands that often compromise well-being and career satisfaction. In this repeated measures study, professional and pre-professional opera singers participated in either a two-week or four-week intensive training program that was designed to enhance performance skills. Curriculum was taught in an integrative and psychologically supportive environment where singers worked musically, dramatically, and physically without fear of criticism. The singers were evaluated at three time points, immediately preceding the training program, immediately following the completion of the program, and six months after the completion of the program. Results demonstrated that the singers in both the two-week and four-week groups increased their ability to achieve optimal performance, emotional regulation, and self-esteem, and decreased internalized shame, trait perfectionism, and trait anxiety. These findings are important given that opera singers are vulnerable to anxiety disorders and that their career is demanding and unpredictable.
A systematic review of peer mentoring interventions for people with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Morris Richard PG , Fletcher-Smith Joanna C , Radford Kathryn A
Published: November 2016

Objective:

This systematic review sought evidence concerning the effectiveness of peer mentoring for people with traumatic brain injury.

Data sources:

Fourteen electronic databases were searched, including PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library, from inception to September 21 2016. Ten grey literature databases, PROSPERO, two trials registers, reference lists and author citations were also searched.

Review methods:

Studies which employed a model of one-to-one peer mentoring between traumatic brain injury survivors were included. Two reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts before screening full texts of shortlisted studies. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed studies for quality and risk of bias.

Results:

The search returned 753 records, including one identified through hand searching. 495 records remained after removal of duplicates and 459 were excluded after screening. Full texts were assessed for the remaining 36 studies and six met the inclusion criteria. All were conducted in the United States between 1996 and 2012 and employed a variety of designs including two randomised controlled trials. A total of 288 people with traumatic brain injury participated in the studies. No significant improvements in social activity level or social network size were found, but significant improvements were shown in areas including behavioural control, mood, coping and quality of life.

Conclusion:

There is limited evidence for the effectiveness of peer mentoring after traumatic brain injury. The available evidence comes from small-scale studies, of variable quality, without detailed information on the content of sessions or the ‘active ingredient’ of the interventions.
Perspectives of key stakeholders about vocational training and rehabilitation in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Terrana Alexandra , Dowdell Joanna , Edwards Brydne , Tahsin Farah , Cacciacarro Lucia , Cameron Debra
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Vocational training and rehabilitation programs are effective in increasing employability and community participation of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Much of the research on effective programming has been conducted in high-income countries with resources targeted at individuals with intellectual disabilities. Although Trinidad and Tobago is a high-income country, there is a dearth of services and resources available to individuals with intellectual disabilities. This article explores stakeholder perspectives on the current status of vocational training and rehabilitation programs for individuals with intellectual disabilities in Trinidad and Tobago.

Method

Participants from diverse groups were identified through snowball sampling. Data were collected in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted in person in Trinidad and Tobago and ranging from 45 to 75 minutes in duration. Interviews followed a loose structure of open-ended questions and the person–environment–occupation model helped inform the questions.

Results

Thirty participants completed the interviews including clients, parents, teachers, principals, non-governmental organization representatives and occupational therapists. Several themes and subthemes emerged including balancing the need for inclusion and segregation, stigma, social policy, issues in current vocational services and independence and expectations.

Conclusion

Vocational services in Trinidad and Tobago face many challenges including resource shortages and meeting the varying needs of clients. They also provide important safe spaces for socialization and acceptance. Resources are needed to improve the level of current services and to help address the competing and at times contradictory goals of differing stakeholders.