bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ten Facets, One Force Field: The GAL19 Force Field for Water - Noble Metal Interfaces
Authors: Clabaut Paul , Fleurat-Lessard Paul , Michel Carine , Steinmann Stephan
Published: April 2020

Understanding the structure of the water/metal interfaces plays an important role in many are as ranging from surface chemistry to environmental processes. Due to their intrinsic complexity, the water/metal interfaces cannot yet be adequately described by quantum mechanical approaches and accurate force-ﬁelds are therefore needed. We develop and parametrize GAL19, a novel force-ﬁeld to describe the interaction of water with two facets (111 and 100) of ﬁve metals (Pt, Pd, Au, Ag, Cu). To increase transferability compared to its predecessor GAL17, the water-metal interaction is described as a sum of pair-wise terms. The interaction energy has three contributions: (i) physisorption is described via a Tang and Toennies potential, (ii) chemisorption and surface corrugation relies on an attractive Gaussian term and (iii) the angular dependence is explicitly included as a truncated Fourier series. 13 parameters are used for each metal surface and were ﬁtted on 250 water adsorption energies computed at the PBE+dDsC level. The performance of GAL19 was evaluated on a set of more than 600 DFT adsorption energies for each surface, leading to an average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of only 1 kcal/mol, correctly reproducing the adsorption trends: strong on Pt and Pd but weaker on Ag, Au and Cu. This force-ﬁeld was then used to simulate the water/metal interface for all ten surfaces for 1 ns. Structural analyses reveal similar tendencies for all surfaces: a ﬁrst, dense water layer that is mostly adsorbed on the metal top sites, and a second layer up to around 6 Å, which is less structured. On Pt and Pd, the ﬁrst layer is strongly organized with water lying ﬂat on the surface. The pairwise additive functional form allows to simulate the water adsorption on alloys, which is demonstrated at the example of Ag/Cu and Au/Pt alloys. The water/Ag-Cu interface is predicted to be disordered with water mostly adsorbed on Cu which should exacerbate the Ag reactivity. On the contrary, incorporating Pt into Au materials leads to a structuring of the water interface. Our promising results make GAL19 an ideal candidate to get representative sampling of complex metal/water interfaces as a ﬁrst step towards accurate estimation of free energies of reactions in solution at the metal interface.
A Bayesian View on the Hilbert Transform and the Kramers-Kronig Transform of Electrochemical Impedance Data: Probabilistic Estimates and Quality Scores
Authors: Liu Jiapeng , Wan Ting Hei , Ciucci Francesco
Published: April 2020

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is one of the most widely used experimental tools in electrochemistry and has applications ranging from energy storage and power generation to medicine. Considering the broad applicability of the EIS technique, it is critical to validate the EIS data against the Hilbert transform (HT) or, equivalently, the Kramers–Kronig relations. These mathematical relations allow one to assess the self-consistency of obtained spectra. However, the use of validation tests is still uncommon. In the present article, we aim at bridging this gap by reformulating the HT under a Bayesian framework. In particular, we developed the Bayesian Hilbert transform (BHT) method. We also proposed several scores that can provide a quick metric for the evaluation of the EIS data quality.
In Silico Molecular Dynamics Docking of Drugs to the Inhibitory Active Site of SARS-CoV-2 Protease and Their Predicted Toxicology and ADME
Authors: Peterson Leif
Published: April 2020

A in silico molecular dynamics (MD) docking investigation was conducted to identify drugs (ligands) which could potentially be of interest for repurposing. We sought ligands which formed the strongest binding potential energy with the x-ray crystallography-based active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease C3Lpro. A total of 11,013 ligands were obtained from DrugBank. Because of the larger size of the active site of 3CLpro, we chose ligands whose molecular weight (MW) was greater than 400 (daltons) and less than 700, which resulted in 5,920 ligands. After correction of bonds and hydrogens, there were 4,634 ligands available for docking. Docking results indicate that the top 10 investigational and experimental drugs with binding energy (BE)≤-9 kcal/mol were Lorecivivint, Tivantinib, Omipalisib, DrugBank B08450, SRT-2104, R-428, DrugBank B01897, Bictegravir, Ridinilazole, and Itacitinib, while the top 10 approved drugs with BE≤-8.2 were Olaparib, Etoposide, Ouabain, Indinavir, Idelalisib, Trametinib, Lumacaftor, Ergotamine, Canagliflozin, and Edoxaban. There were two antiviral drugs among the top 30 hits, which were Bictegravir (investigational) and Indinavir (approved). The top 10 antivirals with BE≤-8.2 were Bictegravir, Tegobuvir, Filibuvir, Saquinavir, Fostemsavir, Indinavir, Temsavir, Pimodivir, Amenamevir, and Doravirine. Interestingly, the antiviral Remdesavir ranked low among the top 30 antivirals, since its BE was a low value of -7.5 kcal/mol. In silico toxicology and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) prediction indicates that only 20% (6/30) of the top ligands were “drug-like,” and none were “lead-like,” since the lower bound of MW was 400. Another interesting finding was that the investigational natural supplement Diosmin (DrugBank ID B08995), used without prescription for varicose veins, ranked 22 overall (out of 3,896 with BE≤-6) with a strong BE=-8.8, and formed 8 hydrogen bonds with the active site for the putative best pose. Its energy-minimized 3D structure deeply penetrated and fully covered the width of the active site’s pocket. Diosmin had a lower BE than 97% of the top 30 antiviral drugs and formed more hydrogen bonds with the active site than 93% of the top 30 antivirals. Diosmin could therefore potentially serve as a strong inhibitor of the 3CLpro protease of SARS-CoV-2 and could be investigated in human clinical trials. Since a prescription is not required for its use, it could also be explored as a self-medicating natural alternative to prescribed synthetic drugs. Lastly, the green tea component epigallocatechin gallate (DrugBank ID B12116) also had a low BE=-8.3, and formed 2 hydrogen bonds with the active site, which was a BE that was better than 70% of the top 30 antivirals.
Mapping the coordination space for C−H•••M interactions in confined spaces: (α-ICyDᴹᵉ)Au, Ag, Cu complexes reveal “contra-electrostatic H-bonds” masquerading as anagostic interactions
Authors: dos Passos Gomes Gabriel , Xu Guangcan , Zhu Xiaolei , Chamoreau Lise-Marie , Zhang Yongmin , Bistri Aslanoff Olivia , Roland Sylvain , Alabugin Igor , Sollogoub Matthieu
Published: April 2020

Abstract: What happens when a C−H bond is forced to interact with unpaired pairs of electrons at a positively charged metal? Such interactions can be considered as “contra-electrostatic” H-bonds, which combine the familiar orbital interaction pattern characteristic for the covalent contribution to the conventional H-bonding with an unusual contra-electrostatic component. Whereas electrostatics is strongly stabilizing in the conventional C−H•••X bonds where X is an electronegative main group element, it is destabilizing in the C−H•••M contacts when M is Au(I), Ag(I), or Cu(I) of NHC−M−Cl systems. Such remarkable C−H•••M interaction became experimentally accessible within (a-ICyDMe)MCl, NHC−Metal complexes embedded into cyclodextrins. Computational analysis of the model systems suggests that the overall interaction energies are relatively insensitive to moderate variations in the directionality of interaction between a C−H bond and the metal center, indicating stereoelectronic promiscuity of fully filled set of d-orbitals. A combination of experimental and computational data demonstrates that metal encapsulation inside the cyclodextrin cavity forces the C−H bond to point toward the metal, and reveals a still attractive “contra-electrostatic” H-bonding interaction.
Photoactivatable Surface-Functionalized Diatom Microalgae for Colorectal Cancer Targeted Delivery and Enhanced Cytotoxicity of Anticancer Complexes
Authors: Delasoie Joachim , Schiel Philippe , Vojnovic Sandra , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina , Zobi Fabio
Published: April 2020

Design, synthesis and characterization of a bio-inspired hybrid multifunctional drug delivery system based on diatom microalgae. The microalgae’s surface was chemically functionalized with hybrid vitamin B12-photoactivable molecules and the materials further loaded with highly active rhenium(I) tricarbonyl anticancer complexes. The constructs showed enhanced adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) cells via transcobalamin (II) receptors and slow release of the chemotherapeutic drugs. The overall toxicity of the hybrid multifunctional drug delivery system was further enhanced by photoactivation of the microalgae surface. Depending on the construct and anticancer drug, a 2-fold increase in the cytotoxic efficacy of the drug was observed upon light irradiation.
Three-Phase Electrochemistry of a Highly Lipophilic Neutral Ru-Complex Having a Tridentate Bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine Ligand
Authors: R.S Vishwanath , Haga Masa-aki , Watanabe Takumi , Witkowska Nery Emilia , Jönsson-Niedziolka Martin
Published: April 2020

Here we describe the synthesis and electrochemical testing of a heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complex [RuII(LR)(L)]0 (LR =2,6-bis(1-(2-octyldodecan)benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine, L = 2,6-bis(benzimidazolate)pyridine). It is a neutral complex which undergoes a quasireversible oxidation and reduction at relatively low potential. The newly synthetized compound was used for studies of ion-transfer at the three-phase junction because of the sensitivity of this method to cation expulsion. The [RuII(LR)(L)]0 shows exceptional stability during cycling and is sufficiently lipophilic even after oxidation to persist in the organic phase also using very hydrophilic anions such as Cl−. Given its low redox potential and strong lipophilicity this compound will be of interest as an electron donor in liquid-liquid electrochemistry.
Dynamics and Spectroscopy of Molecular Ensembles in a Lossy Microcavity
Authors: Ulusoy Inga , Vendrell Oriol
Published: April 2020

The radiative and nonradiative relaxation dynamics of an ensemble of molecules in a microcavity are investigated with emphasis on the impact of the cavity lifetime on reactive and spectroscopic properties. We show that the dynamics of the ensemble and of single molecules are influenced by the presence of a cavity resonance as long as the polariton splitting can be resolved spectroscopically, which critically depends on the lifetime of the system. Our simulations illustrate how the branching between nonradiative intersystem crossing and radiative decay through the cavity can be tuned by selecting specific cavity photon energies resonant at specific molecular geometries. In the case of cavity-photon energies that are not resonant at the Franck-Condon geometry of the molecules, it is demonstrated numerically and analytically that collective effects are limited to a handful of molecules in the ensemble.
Persistent and Reversible Solid Iodine Electrodeposition in Nanoporous Carbons
Authors: Prehal Christian , Fitzek Harald , Kothleitner Gerald , Presser Volker , Gollas Bernhard , Freunberger Stefan , Abbas Qamar
Published: April 2020

Aqueous iodine based electrochemical energy storage is considered a potential candidate to improve sustainability and electrochemical performance of current battery and supercapacitor technology. It harnesses the redox activity of iodide, iodine and polyiodide species in the confined geometry of nanoporous carbon electrodes. However, current descriptions of the electrochemical reaction mechanism to interconvert these species are elusive. Here we show that in nanoporous carbons electrochemical oxidation of iodide forms persistent solid iodine deposits. Confinement slows down dissolution into triiodide and pentaiodide, responsible for otherwise significant self-discharge via shuttling. The main tools for these insights are in situ Raman spectroscopy and in situ small and wide angle X-ray scattering (in situ SAXS/WAXS). In-situ Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of triiodide and pentaiodide during iodide oxidation. Besides polyiodides, remarkable amounts of solid iodine are deposited in the carbon nanopores, as detected by in situ SAXS/WAXS. Combined with stochastic modelling, in situ SAXS allows quantifying the solid iodine volume fraction and visualizing the iodine structure on 3D lattice models at the sub-nanometer scale. Based on the derived mechanism we demonstrate strategies for improved iodine pore filling capacity and prevention of self-discharge, applicable to hybrid supercapacitors and batteries.
Designs of Singlet Fission Chromophores with a Diazadiaborine Framework
Authors: Pradhan Ekadashi , Bentley Jordan N. , Caputo Christopher B. , Zeng Tao
Published: April 2020

This is a computational chemistry study in designing singlet fission chromophores based on a diazadiborine framework. Substitutions and additions are proposed to enhance diradical character of the diazadiborine so that the designed molecules satisfy the two energy criteria for singlet fission. Synthesizability of the designed molecules is discussed.
Prevalence of microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Raveendra babu K  , Deepika Reddy B  , Bheemamma P  , Vamshi Krishna E  , Chinna Eswaraiah M
Published: April 2020

The major cause of mortality and morbidity in the present generation is diabetes mellitus. The high prevalence of microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus occurs due to the untreated long duration of hyperglycemia. The main aim of the study is assessing the prevalence of microvascular complications of patients who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in public tertiary care hospitals. A retro-prospective observational study was conducted in the outpatient department of medicine at a tertiary care hospital. We took the samples of a total of 300 consecutive patients who are diagnosed with diabetes mellitus with microvascular complications were included in the study. To diagnose microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus clinical parameters, patient past and present history and other related investigations were included. A total of 300 patients in this study, 160 are males and 140 are females. The age range was 30-80 years, with a mean age of 49.43±13.45 years. 31% of patients are diagnosed with neuropathy, 35% of patients are diagnosed with retinopathy and 34% of patients are diagnosed with nephropathy. 68.6% of patients are affected with microalbuminuria, whereas 31.3% of patients are affected with macroalbuminuria. [HbA1C] levels are divided into two groups on the basis of glycated hemoglobin levels in subjects. The patients with HbA1C >7.5% are found to 61% and 39% are found to be in the range of HbA1C 6.5-7.5%. By comparing both patients with HbA1C>7.5% are more prone to microvascular complications than that of HbA1C 6.5-7.5%. The 23% subjects had normal BMI [18.5-24.99kg/m2, 55% subjects were over-weight [25-29.99kg/m2 and 21.3% subjects were obese [>30kg/m2]. Early detection and identification of DM may reduce the risk of getting complications. To prevent or retard further progression of these complications, we should control blood sugar levels.
Ultra performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous quantitation of degradation products of telmisartan and hydrochlorothiazide in combination dosage form
Authors: Narasimha Reddy G P  , Sreenivasulu Reddy T  , Sidda Reddy K  , Shashi Kumar K N
Published: April 2020

This work is intended to thrive a stability indicating Ultra performance liquid method for the estimation of (TLM) and (HCTZ) and degradation products pharmaceutical dosage forms. Separation was carried out on Zorbax Eclipse XDB C-18(50 x 2.1 mm, 1.7 ) column using a gradient method. Mobile phase A is 10mM KH2PO4 having 1% (v/v) of and mobile phase B is used in this work. 0.5 / minute is the flow of rate and at 271nm noticed wave length is monitored. Method development trails were carried out on six different columns. For specificity, limit of quantification, limit of detection, linearity, accuracy, method precision, robustness and stability this method is validated. Correlation coefficient of the impurities is more than 0.99. Stability indicating method confirmed that there were no interference of all impurities of TLM and HCTZ. Hence, developed LC method was stability indicating and well applied for drug product stability study as well as to quality monitoring.
Developing an Organization’s Corporate Knowledge Through Action-based Learning Technologies
Authors: Aleksandrova T. V. , Popov V. L.
Published: April 2020

The paper explores the impact of learning technologies on the development of the corporate knowledge base of modern organizations. The authors consider the action training technologies as an alternative to traditional training, which is based on the active involvement of enterprise employees in the process of generating and practical use of new corporate knowledge. A conceptual model of action training has been developed that is tested in large industrial enterprises participating in the national project “Productivity and Employment Support” in the Perm region. The study uses the methodology of system analysis, analysis methods of statistical information and expert data. There has been concluded the usage of the developed model of training by action in projects to increase productivity in industrial enterprises leads to the formation of positive effects. The practical application of the study results will allow a more reasonable definition of the implementation of training technologies for individual enterprises; will facilitate faster and more effective implementation of national programs and projects of the Russian Federation.
Prediction of contact-fatigue damage to rails using computational-experimental methods
Authors: Makhutov N. A. , Kossov V. S. , Oganyan E. S. , Volokhov G. M. , Ovechnikov M. N. , Protopopov A. L.
Published: April 2020

Analysis of the operational data related to rails failure showed that contact-fatigue defects consistently hold a prominent place. The goal of the study is to show the possibilities of using modern numerical methods in calculation assessment of the service life of rails before the onset of contact fatigue crack formation on a running surface depending on the values of axial load. To calculate a stress-strain state in the area of contact interaction between the wheel and rail a detailed finite-element model implemented in the MSC. Marc software package is used. The analysis revealed complex multiaxial and non-proportional nature of the stress-strain state. The Brown – Miller multiaxial fatigue model implemented in the MSC. Fatigue software package was taken to determine accumulation of the contact fatigue damages on a rail running surface. The model is based on the assumption that maximum fatigue damages in the metal occur in the area with the maximum shear stress. The impact of normal stresses in this area is also taken into account. The results of a comparative computational analysis of the rail life time confirm that the service life decreases with increasing axial loads, all other conditions being the same. With a share of 20% of freight trains with axle loads of 25 tonf in a daily pattern one should expect a decrease in the contact fatigue life of rails by 3 – 4 %. It is possible to improve the method for prediction of the contact fatigue life of rails in terms of experimental definition of the fatigue and strength characteristics of the rail steel depending on the degree of hardening of the running surface, their probabilistic properties and the use of a cumulative distribution of vertical forces taking into account the structure of the freight traffic passing through the section.
Clostridioides difficile in national food surveillance, Slovenia, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Tkalec Valerija , Jamnikar-Ciglenecki Urska , Rupnik Maja , Vadnjal Stanka , Zelenik Katja , Biasizzo Majda
Published: April 2020

Background

Clostridioides difficile is an important human and animal intestinal pathogen. Because of increasing indications of an association between C. difficile and food, in 2015, the Administration of the Republic of Slovenia for Food Safety, Veterinary Sector and Plant Protection (UVHVVR) included C. difficile in its national food surveillance.

Aim

We aim to report the results and experience with a nationwide and long-term testing of food for C. difficile as a part of a regular national food surveillance programme.

Methods

Retail minced meat and meat preparations (beef, pork and poultry) were sampled within a three-year period, 2015 to 2017. Selected raw retail vegetables, leaf salads and root vegetables, and ready-to-eat salads were only sampled during 2016 and 2017. Seafood was only sampled in 2017.

Results

Altogether, 434 samples were tested, with 12 of 336 (3.6%) meat samples and 6 of 98 (6.1%) raw vegetables contaminated with C. difficile. Twelve of 18 recovered food isolates were toxigenic (toxinotypes 0, III, V, XII). The isolates belonged to 13 different PCR ribotypes, 001 being most common (5 isolates). Several food types with an increased potential of being contaminated with C. difficile were detected by surveillance.

Conclusion

The three-year C. difficile testing within the national food surveillance revealed a low proportion of C. difficile-contaminated food and high genotype variability. Because the risk of C. difficile infection associated with C. difficile-contaminated food is unknown, no measures were recommended in the case of positive results.
Epidemiological characteristics of the first 53 laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 epidemic in Hong Kong, 13 February 2020
Authors: Kwok Kin On , Wong Valerie Wing Yu , Wei Wan In , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Tang Julian Wei-Tze
Published: April 2020

Background

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China and subsequently developed into an ongoing epidemic. Understanding epidemiological factors characterising the transmission dynamics of this disease is of fundamental importance.

Aims

This study aimed to describe key epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 in Hong Kong.

Methods

We extracted data of confirmed COVID-19 cases and their close contacts from the publicly available information released by the Hong Kong Centre for Health Protection. We used doubly interval censored likelihood to estimate containment delay and serial interval, by fitting gamma, lognormal and Weibull distributions to respective empirical values using Bayesian framework with right truncation. A generalised linear regression model was employed to identify factors associated with containment delay. Secondary attack rate was also estimated.

Results

The empirical containment delay was 6.39 days; whereas after adjusting for right truncation with the best-fit Weibull distribution, it was 10.4 days (95% CrI: 7.15 to 19.81). Containment delay increased significantly over time. Local source of infection and number of doctor consultations before isolation were associated with longer containment delay. The empirical serial interval was 4.58–6.06 days; whereas the best-fit lognormal distribution to 26 certain-and-probable infector–infectee paired data gave an estimate of 4.77 days (95% CrI: 3.47 to 6.90) with right-truncation. The secondary attack rate among close contacts was 11.7%.

Conclusion

With a considerable containment delay and short serial interval, contact-tracing effectiveness may not be optimised to halt the transmission with rapid generations replacement. Our study highlights the transmission risk of social interaction and pivotal role of physical distancing in suppressing the epidemic.
Serological assays for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), March 2020
Authors: Perera Ranawaka APM , Mok Chris KP , Tsang Owen TY , Lv Huibin , Ko Ronald LW , Wu Nicholas C , Yuan Meng , Leung Wai Shing , Chan Jacky MC , Chik Thomas SH , Choi Chris YC , Leung Kathy , Chan Kin Ho , Chan Karl CK , Li Ka-Chi , Wu Joseph T , Wilson Ian A , Monto Arnold S , Poon Leo LM , Peiris Malik
Published: April 2020

Background

The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has major impacts on health systems, the economy and society. Assessing infection attack rates in the population is critical for estimating disease severity and herd immunity which is needed to calibrate public health interventions. We have previously shown that it is possible to achieve this in real time to impact public health decision making.

Aim

Our objective was to develop and evaluate serological assays applicable in large-scale sero-epidemiological studies.

Methods

We developed an ELISA to detect IgG and IgM antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated its sensitivity and specificity in combination with confirmatory microneutralisation (MN) and 90% plaque reduction neutralisation tests (PRNT90) in 51 sera from 24 patients with virologically confirmed COVID-19 and in age-stratified sera from 200 healthy controls.

Results

IgG and IgM RBD ELISA, MN and PRNT90 were reliably positive after 29 days from illness onset with no detectable cross-reactivity in age-stratified controls. We found that PRNT90 tests were more sensitive in detecting antibody than MN tests carried out with the conventional 100 tissue culture infectious dose challenge. Heparinised plasma appeared to reduce the infectivity of the virus challenge dose and may confound interpretation of neutralisation test.

Conclusion

Using IgG ELISA based on the RBD of the spike protein to screen sera for SARS-CoV-2 antibody, followed by confirmation using PRNT90, is a valid approach for large-scale sero-epidemiology studies.
Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020
Authors: Colaneri Marta , Sacchi Paolo , Zuccaro Valentina , Biscarini Simona , Sachs Michele , Roda Silvia , Pieri Teresa Chiara , Valsecchi Pietro , Piralla Antonio , Seminari Elena , Di Matteo Angela , Novati Stefano , Maiocchi Laura , Pagnucco Layla , Tirani Marcello , Baldanti Fausto , Mojoli Francesco , Perlini Stefano , Bruno Raffaele ,   the COVID19 IRCCS San Matteo Pavia Task Force
Published: April 2020

We describe clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 44 Caucasian patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at a single hospital in Pavia, Italy, from 21–28 February 2020, at the beginning of the outbreak in Europe. Seventeen patients developed severe disease, two died. After a median of 6 days, 14 patients were discharged from hospital. Predictors of lower odds of discharge were age > 65 years, antiviral treatment and for severe disease, lactate dehydrogenase > 300 mg/dL.
STOCK RETURN ANALYSIS AND IMPLICATIONS IN COMPANY VALUE (PLASTIC AND PACKAGING COMPANIES LISTED IN IDX)
Authors: Julianto Andrie Raditya , Syafarudin Afriapollo
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze fundamental factors and technical factors that influence stock returns and their implications for company value in Indonesia Stock Exchange, sub sector plastic and packaging. Fundamental factors of financial ratios are return on assets (ROA), current ratio (CR), debt to equity ratio (DER), and price earnings ratio (PER) while the technical factors are the rupiah exchange rate using changes in value exchange rupiah (RP) against United States dollar (USD). This study used annual data for the observation period from 2010 to 2017. The sampling method used was Purposive Sampling, as the result 8 companies (64 samples) met the criteria and processed using E-views 9 program. The analytical method used in this study is panel data and multiple linear regression as a method of analysis and measurement of direct effect and indirect effect analysis. The results showed that ROA, CR, DER, and PER are having positive and insignificant influence on stock returns however the exchange rate has negative and significant influence on stock returns. ROA, DER, and PER are having positive and insignificant influence on company value however CR and exchange rates have a negative and insignificant effect on company value. Stock returns has positive and significant influence on company value. The examination of indirect effects showed stock return could be considered as an intervening variable to measure the influence of fundamental factors and technical factors to company value.
FORMALIZATION OF CONTROL MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF SMALL COMPANIES
Authors: Harizofinoana Andriamasimanana Origene , Olivier Andriamasimanana Origene
Published: April 2020

Control mechanisms are the major problem for small companies such as VSEs and SMEs today. A hypothetical-deductive approach was adopted in this research to demonstrate that the more the size of companies changes, the more the degree of formalization of control systems increases. The study based on the case of 25 Malagasy companies through statistical analyses confirmed this hypothesis. VSEs still have great difficulty in implementing a control system that meets their long-term needs due to lack of resources and the use of modern management tools linked to control systems also varies according to their size. Innovation in this sense is necessary to enable small companies to better control their activities and to ensure a very good performance.
Assessing L2 listening at a Japanese university: Effects of input type and response format
Authors: Pusey Kerry
Published: April 2020

Large-scale and classroom-based tests of L2 listening comprehension typically employ audio-only listening texts and a multiple-choice response format. However, the effect of these test task characteristics on test-taker performance remains elusive, and begs the question as to whether they are the best option in terms of construct validity. Furthermore, the interaction between these test task characteristics and their potential joint effect on performance has not been sufficiently explored. To address this gap, a study was conducted at a Japanese university which investigated the effect of input type (audio-only vs. video) and response format (multiple-choice vs. short answer) on L2 listening test performance. Participants were divided into four groups to take an academic listening test with one of four combinations of input and response format: (1) audio-only with multiple-choice questions; (2) video with multiple-choice questions; (3) audio-only with short answer questions; and (4) video with short answer questions. Results of a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA revealed a statistically significant effect of response format on test-taker performance. No significant effect for input type was found and no significant interaction among the variables was detected. Results suggest that visual input and audiovisual literacy need to be more clearly articulated within the construct definition of academic listening, if they are to be included at all.
Nutritional Value of Cookies made from the mixture of Mocaf flour (Modified Cassava Flour) and Ketapang seeds (Terminalia catappa L.)
Authors: Yenrina Rina , Anggraini Tuty , Kadri Annesa
Published: April 2020

Efforts in developing food products continue to be carried out such as utilizing local commodities so that non-wheat flour processing can be used as a substitute for making food products in order to overcome dependence on wheat flour. One such effort is to make cookies from local ingredients, modified cassava flour known as MOCAF (Modified cassava flour).  This research was aimed to determine the effective mixture of Mocaf flour and ketapang seed on the characteristic of cookies based on nutritional value. The research design used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments and 3 replications. This data was analyzed with ANOVA (analysis of variance) and if the data was significantly different analyzed continued with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at the level 5%. The treatments used were A (100% Mocaf flour : 0% Ketapang seed), B (90% Mocaf flour : 10% Ketapang seed), C (80% Mocaf flour : 20% Ketapang seed), D (70% Mocaf flour : 30% Ketapang seed), E (60% Mocaf flour : 40% Ketapang seed). The results showed that the Mocaf flour and ketapang seed comparison significantly influenced the protein content, fat content, energy, texture, free fatty acid, and carbohydrate content, but not significantly affect moisture content and ash content.
Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Pertanaman Pepaya Sukma dengan Tanaman Sela Beberapa Jenis Sayuran
Authors: Rizki Dian Pratanda , Suketi Ketty , Widodo Winarso D
Published: April 2020

Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan tanaman buah yang berpotensi sebagai sumber gizi dan struktur tajuknya memungkinkan untuk ditanami tanaman sela. Penanaman tanaman sela (alley cropping) adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Tujuan penelitian mempelajari peningkatan produktivitas lahan pertanaman pepaya Sukma dengan tanaman sela beberapa jenis sayuran. Percobaan dilaksanakan di kebun Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) Pasir kuda, Ciomas dan Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, sejak bulan Februari – Juli 2016. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan jenis tanaman sayuran sebagai perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri atas 4 macam tanaman sela dan 1 perlakuan kontrol. Tanaman sela yang digunakan adalah 1). Caisin, 2). Bayam, 3). Kangkung, dan 4). Basella alba. Pola tanaman sela dapat meningkatkan produktivitas lahan. Perlakuan tanaman sela Basella alba menghasilkan produksi sayuran yang tinggi. Perlakuan tanaman sela bayam menghasilkan bobot buah pepaya per petak yang tinggi sedangkan tanaman kangkung menghasilkan bobot per buah pepaya terendah. Perlakuan tanaman sela di antara tanaman pepaya tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan, mutu fisik dan mutu kimia buah pepaya.
Uji Daya Hasil Lanjutan Galur-Galur Dihaploid Padi Sawah Hasil Kultur Antera
Authors: Sari Santi Novita , Puwoko Bambang Sapta
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji daya hasil galur-galur dihaploid padi sawah (Oryza sativa L.) hasil kultur antera dan membandingkannya dengan varietas pembanding. Terdapat 19 galur dihaploid padi sawah dan 2 varietas pembanding, Inpari 13 dan Ciherang. Percobaan diulang 3 kali dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Babakan IPB, Darmaga, dan di Balai Besar Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian, Cimanggu, Bogor, pada Desember 2015-Mei 2016. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, umur berbunga dan panen, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, jumlah gabah bernas/malai, jumlah gabah hampa/malai, persen gabah bernas dan hampa per malai, bobot 1.000 butir, produktivitas, serta scoring penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Terdapat beberapa galur yang tahan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri, diantaranya galur CG9-26-1-5, CG9-33-1-4, CG9-53-1-3, HR2-6-1-1, HR3-6-2-1, HR5-7-1-1 dan HR5-9-1-1, namun galur CG9-33-1-4 memiliki produktivitas terendah. Galur CG12-30-1-3 merupakan galur dengan produktivitas tertinggi karena jumlah gabah bernas dan gabah total per malai tinggi serta bobot 1.000 butir yang berat yakni 27,35 g. Galur HR5-7-1-1 dan HR3-10-1-1 memiliki produktivitas lebih dari 4 ton ha-1, namun galur HR3-10-1-1 rentan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri serta memiliki bobot 1.000 butir yang rendah. Galur HR2-33-1-1, HR4-12-1-1, HR5-9-4-1 dan HR5-13-2-2 memiliki produktivitas antara 3,68-3,93 ton ha-1, namun galur HR4-12-1-1 dan HR5-13-2-2 agak rentan terhadap penyakit hawar daun bakteri.
Pengaruh Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk Kalium Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Talas Belitung (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.))
Authors: Lubis Laila Wati Krisna , Suwarto .
Published: April 2020

Jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk kalium yang tepat sangat penting diperhatikan dalam budidaya talas belitung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi talas belitung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan Atas, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2016. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah split plot RKLT tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jarak tanam yang terdiri dari 2 taraf (J1= 1 m x 1 m ; J2= 1 m x 0,5 m) dan faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk kalium yang terdiri dari 2 taraf (K1= 100 kg ha-1 KCL ; K2= 150 kg ha-1 KCL). Jarak tanam 1 m x 1 m merupakan jarak tanam terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi talas belitung. Dosis pupuk 150 kg KCL ha-1 merupakan dosis pupuk terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi talas belitung. Interaksi perlakuan jarak tanam 1 m x 1 m dan dosis pupuk 100 kg ha-1 KCL terbaik untuk pertumbuhan talas belitung.
KEMAMPUAN SISWA MEMECAHKAN MASALAH HUKUM-HUKUM DASAR KIMIA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN INKUIRI TERBIMBING
Authors: Laliyo Lukman A.R. , Kau Mian , La Kilo Jafar , La Kilo Akram
Published: April 2020

The purpose of research was to determine the problem solving skill of basic chemical laws at tenth-grade senior high school of  through the application of guided inquiry learning models. The ability is known through a three tier multiple choice diagnostic test. This research was an experimental quasi with pretest-posttest control group design. The  sample consisted of 107 students consisting of 56 experimental class  and 51 control class. Based on the results of the calculation of the F test that F count> F table (10.72> 3.93) with α = 0.05. This means that there was an influence of the application of the guided inquiry learning model to students' ability to solve problems in the basic laws of chemistry. 70.71% of students in the experimental class can understand the problem, plan the solution, carry out the solution, and re-examine the results of the problem solving. Meanwhile, control class students were unable to solve very high problems, namely 24.5% students..
The Narrative about the History of the Shenekhen Buryats
Authors: Badmaeva L. B.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the narrative written by Bodongut Abida about the history of the emigration of the Aga Buryats to China at the beginning of the XX century, which was of an economic and ethno-protective nature. The aim of this research is to introduce into scientific circulation a new document on the history of Buryat emigration.  In the Soviet historiography until now days, it was customary to keep silent about the emigration of the Buryats to China. The main attention is focused on the content of the written monument in the Old Mongolian script. The structure of the work is considered. For the first time is given the biographical information about Bodongut Abida. The data used for this research were taken from this document and the Buryat chronicles written in Old Mongolian script in XIX century. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the process of loss of the native language and the ethnic identity among the Buryats of China received significantly less development than the Buryat ethnos in Russia. The empirical material shows that the one of the most important factors in the consolidation of the ethnic group and the ethnic identity of the Shenekhen Buryats is the language, the possession of the Mongolian script, which is the traditional letter of the Mongolian peoples. Besides the sense of national pride and national self-awareness, as well as the factor of the compact settlement of the ethnos in the dominant Mongolian-speaking environment are the factors of their consolidation. In addition, the present state of the language and culture of the Shenekhen Buryats is presented, based on the expedition materials of the author of this paper.
O Patrimônio Cultural no Ensino de História: entre teoria e prática
Authors: Pinto Maria Helena
Published: April 2020

O ensino de história, se transmitir um conhecimento histórico factual e acabado, baseado numa narrativa única e numa identidade nacional exclusiva, pode produzir inúmeros obstáculos à construção da compreensão e consciência históricas dos alunos. A investigação em Ensino de História, em Educação Histórica e em Educação Patrimonial, realizada nas últimas décadas com professores e estudantes, tem procurado promover o ensino e a aprendizagem de conteúdos substantivos e conceitos disciplinares, o questionamento e discussão sobre diferentes fontes e o desenvolvimento do pensamento analítico e crítico. Estes objetivos apoiaram estudos de investigação, de natureza qualitativa, sobre a utilização do património cultural em aulas de história, e como este auxilia ou restringe o desenvolvimento de uma consciência patrimonial e a compreensão das interpretações históricas. De entre as conclusões principais da investigação relatada, destacam-se as vantagens da exploração do meio local, a partir de problemas próximos interesses dos alunos, analisando diversas fontes, materiais e imateriais, questionando, levantando hipóteses e construindo interpretações baseadas em evidências.
História, Turismo Cultural e Educação Patrimonial nos centros antigos de São Cristóvão – SE, São Luís – MA e Ilhéus – BA
Authors: Aragão Ivan Rêgo , Santos Saulo Ribeiro dos , Silva Saulo Rondinelli Xavier da
Published: April 2020

A educação patrimonial envolve práticas educativas tanto para população fixa quanto flutuante, possibilitando trazer à tona o valor único do seu patrimônio cultural. Turistas que se deslocam aos lugares com projetos de educação patrimonial nas cidades visitadas, constatam o valor atribuído pela comunidade aos bens simbólicos, patrimônios culturais, históricos e artísticos. A partir da discussão teórica de textos em livros, artigos manuscritos, documentos e sites eletrônicos, bem como, observação in loco, o artigo analisa a educação vinculada ao conceito de história, memória, educação e patrimônio cultural, tendo como exemplo os centros antigos de São Cristóvão-Sergipe, São Luís-Maranhão e Ilhéus-BA. As práticas na educação patrimonial nos eventos, projetos e lugares do centro antigo, possibilitam um novo olhar na experiência cotidiana. Essa outra forma educativa pode modificar as relações entre população local e os bens culturais do entorno, bem como, turistas e o patrimônio cultural visitado, não perdendo de vista a consolidação de destinos cidadãos e criativos.
Patrimônios culturais em São José – SC: identidades de quem?
Authors: Paim Elison Antonio , Silva Janaina Amorim da
Published: April 2020

Pensar sobre o patrimônio e refletir sobre a polissemia que carrega esse conceito, bem como nas escolhas identitárias que perpassam a definição do que deve ser preservado e as relações patrimoniais estabelecidas, considerando como ponto de partida a cidade de São José, na Grande Florianópolis, nos faz repensar sobre os sujeitos que habitam esse território e como são enquadrados na construção desses pertencimentos. Nossa proposta provocativa acerca dos patrimônios é um convite a ampliar o olhar, reconhecendo as relações de poder presentes no entrecruzar sobre as identidades e o patrimônio, assumindo caráter multifacetário das cidades e seus sujeitos.
The Positive Aspects of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder among Famous People
Authors: Lee Jong Won , Seo Kyunghoon , Bahn Geon Ho
Published: April 2020

Objective The shortage of clinical data regarding adult patients with often results in adults with ADHD being stigmatized and being inadequately treated. In this paper, famous people who potentially have ADHD were analyzed to understand better, the life-long progression of ADHD.Methods 131 people were analyzed as potential candidates for ADHD. A grading system for the candidates was developed: class 1, compatible with ADHD; class 2, likely; class 3, less likely; class 4, uncertain with a shortage of data; and class 5, not compatible. Initially, 39 subjects in class 4 and 12 in class 5 were excluded from the analysis. Finally, 80 subjects (30 in class 1, 33 in class 2, and 17 in class 3) were analyzed for sociodemographic data and psychiatric comorbidities.Results 88.8% were men and 47.5% of the subjects were married once. In terms of occupation, 45.0% of the subjects were cultural professionals and 25.0% were chief executives. Narcissistic personality disorder was the most frequently noted comorbidity, followed by substance-related and addictive disorder.Conclusion Famous people with ADHD in this study revealed high skill levels in occupation, offering positive aspects of ADHD in adults.
The Control of Turkestan Cockroach Blatta lateralis (Dictyoptera: Blattidae) by The Entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) Using Hydrophilic Fabric Trap
Authors: ŞAHİN Yavuz Selim , SUSURLUK İsmail Alper
Published: April 2020

Chemical insecticides used against cockroaches, which are an important urban pest and considered public health, are harmful to human health and cause insects to gain resistance. The entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HBH, were used in place of chemical insecticides within the scope of biological control against the Turkestan cockroaches Blatta lateralis in this study. The hydrophilic fabric traps were set to provide the moist environment needed by the EPNs on aboveground. The fabrics inoculated with the nematodes at 50, 100 and 150 IJs/cm2 were used throughout the 37-day experiment. The first treatment was performed by adding 10 adult cockroaches immediately after the establishment of the traps. In the same way, the second treatment was applied after 15 days and the third treatment after 30 days. The mortality rates of cockroaches after 4 and 7 days of exposure to EPNs were determined for all treatments. Although Turkestan cockroaches were exposed to HBH 30 days after the setting of the traps, infection occurred. As a result of this study, the above-ground persistence and infectivity of HBH could be achieved more than 4 weeks by using hydrophilic fabric. In addition, the mortality rates of the Turkestan cockroaches were found to increase depending on exposure time and the nematode dosage.
Diyarbakır İl Merkezinde Yaşayan Tüketicilerin Tavuk Eti Algıları ve Bu Algıları Etkileyen Faktörler Üzerinde Bir Araştırma
Authors: ŞENGÜL Turgay , ZEYBEK Selva
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışma, Diyarbakır Merkez ilçelerinde (Bağlar, Kayapınar, Yenişehir ve Sur) yaşayan tüketicilerin piyasadaki tavuk etiyle ilgili algılarının ve bu algıları etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, Diyarbakır iline bağlı 4 merkez ilçeden toplam 281 tüketiciyle yapılan anket çalışmalarından elde edilen veriler kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, tüketicilerin, özellikle yaş, eğitim durumu ve gelir seviyesine bağlı olarak tavuk etine yönelik yanlış ve olumsuz açıklamalardan etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Tavuk etinin elde edilmesi aşamalarında, tüketicilerin büyük bir kısmının gerçek olmasa da inandığı bazı uygulamaların insanların algılarını olumsuz yönde etkilediği görülmüştür. Bu algı, tüketicileri tavuk eti yerine daha sağlıklı olduğunu düşündükleri kırmızı et tüketmeye yönlendirmektedir. Anket yapılan tüketicilerin büyük bir kısmı, etlik piliç üretiminde, hormon ve antibiyotik vb. katkıların kullanıldığına inandıklarını ve bu nedenle piyasadaki tavuk etini sağlıklı bulmadıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bu olumsuz algının değişmesinde, tavuk eti arz zincirinin daha şeffaf hale getirilmesi ile tüketicilerin yetiştirme, kesim ve dağıtım sürecinin nasıl işlediğini bilmesi yarar sağlayabilecektir. Sonuç olarak, etlik piliç üretiminde, sadece piyasanın teknolojik ve ekonomik taleplerinin ele alınmasının yeterli olmadığı, üretilen piliç etinin sağlıklı ve güvenilir olduğu algısının da aynı derecede önem taşıdığı dikkate alınarak tüketicilerin bu konuda bilinçlendirilmesinin gerekli olduğu kanısına varılmıştır.