bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kamus Thomas Bowrey dan Sosiobudaya Melayu Abad Ke-17
Authors: Nor Azizah Binti Othman
Published: June 2022

Thomas Bowrey merupakan pedagang British yang belayar di Kepulauan Melayu pada abad ke-17 dan telah menghasilkan sebuah kamus Inggeris-Melayu pertama yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1701 di London. Kamus ini disusun sebagai usaha membantu orang-orang Inggeris yang berhasrat ke Kepulauan Melayu selepas Bowrey. Makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan aspek sosiobudaya yang terdapat dalam data kamus Thomas Bowrey (KTB). Perbandingan secara sinkronis dan diakronis menjadi dasar analisis ini. Kaedah tinjauan digunakan untuk menganalisis setiap kata dalam KTB. Penguraian kesemua entri dalam kamus ini terdiri atas perbandingan dengan kamus yang lebih moden dan data korpus lain seperti Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2007), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (dalam talian), A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (Stevens & Schmidgall-Tellings, 2010). Sumber sezaman seperti daftar kata Pigafetta (1525), daftar kata Houtman (1603) dan daftar kata Wiltens dan Danckaerts (1623) digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyempurnakan penguraian data kamus Bowrey. Aspek sosiobudaya yang dibincangkan dalam makalah ini merangkumi data yang berkaitan dengan istilah kata ganti nama (sapaan) dan istilah kekeluargaan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan data yang dipaparkan Bowrey (1701) menunjukkan istilah bagi kata ganti nama dan istilah kekeluargaan banyak menerima unsur daripada bahasa asing seperti Hindi dan Jawa selain merakamkan beberapa istilah yang tidak dapat dihuraikan secara linguistik.
Kesahan Pengukuran dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Ujian Struktur Dalaman Kata Imbuhan (USDAi) bagi Penguasaan Morfologi Arab
Authors: Hashim Hasnurol , Abu Bakar Kaseh , Ahmad Maheram
Published: June 2022

Morfologi bahasa Arab bersifat kompleks berbanding morfologi bahasa lain. Hal ini kerana sistem morfologinya berasaskan kepada kata akar dan pelbagai lapisan proses derivasi (perubahan bentuk kata). Penentuan kata akar daripada perkataan berimbuhan Arab antara kesukaran pelajar bahasa Arab lebih-lebih lagi jika struktur dalaman sesuatu perkataan mengalami banyak derivasi. Justeru, kajian ini melaporkan kesahihan konstruksi dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen rintis bagi mengukur kesukaran struktur dalaman kata (SDK) imbuhan bahasa Arab. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Ujian Struktur Dalaman Kata Imbuhan (USDAi) mengandungi 130 item aneka pilihan yang dibentuk berdasarkan teori SDK dan teori paradigmatis serta konsep derivasi bahasa Arab. Pemilihan sampel kajian menggunakan pensampelan bertujuan bersasar. Seramai 45 orang pelajar dari Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor (KUIS) dipilih sebagai responden. Data dianalisis menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch. Nilai indeks kebolehpercayaan person ialah 0.95 (α = 0.97) dan indeks pengasingan pula ialah 4.33. Item pula menunjukkan nilai kebolehpercayaan 0.87, indeks pengasingan 2.65 dan mean infit 0.97. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan 130 item USDAi produktif bagi mengukur struktur dalaman kata (SDK) imbuhan bahasa Arab. Kajian ini turut memberi implikasi terhadap pembelajaran morfologi Arab agar penguasaan struktur dalaman kata perlu dikuasai oleh para pelajar.
Perceived Individualized Care and the Satisfaction Levels of Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: A Cross-Sectional and Correlational Survey
Authors: FIRAT KILIÇ Hülya , SÜ Serpil , GÖK Nur Demet
Published: June 2022

Objective: Individualized nursing care, which indicates the belief on the uniqueness and worthiness of human beings, improves the quality of healthcare and contributes to patient satisfaction. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the perceived individualized care and the level of satisfaction with nursing care for patients hospitalized in internal medicine departments.
Methods: This study was carried on 250 patients hospitalized in internal medicine department of a university hospital in Turkey between December 2019 and February 2020. Patient information form, individualized care scale and the Newcastle satisfaction with nursing scale were used for data collection. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and Spearman’s rho correlation test were used for data analysis.
Results: Participants believed that the nursing interventions supported their individuality and had positive perceptions about the individuality in their own care. They were highly satisfied with the nursing interventions. Besides there was a positive correlation between the scores obtained from the individualized care scale and Newcastle satisfaction with nursing scale. Finally, age and education levels of the patients had a positive impact on perceived individualized care and the level of satisfaction with nursing care.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that individuality of each patient should be prioritized during the nursing interventions in order to increase patient satisfaction and improve the quality of nursing care.
Ways of development of hotel and restaurant business
in the period of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine
Authors: Makhortov Yuriy , Opanaschuk Yuriy , Bezborodykh Svitlana , Moroz Volodymyr , Moroz Yana
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to determine the ways of development of hotel
and restaurant business in the period of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine.
The research methodology is based on the use of general scientific and specific
methods, in particular: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling,
systematization and generalization.The scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the substantiation and proposals for the creation of smart cities within hotel and restaurant complexes.
Conclusions. The article establishes that the hotel and restaurant business suffers
significant losses during the war. It is proved that in the post-war period it is
necessary to develop development strategies that will counteract internal and
external risks. The main strategies for the development of the hotel and restaurant
business in the postwar period are systematized. In particular, two groups of
development strategies have been identified: the strategy of maintaining a positive
image in the market and the strategy of overcoming the negative post-war
consequences. There are 10 signs on the basis of which it is possible to assert the
existence of smart cities within the hotel and restaurant business. The strategy for
the development of the hotel and restaurant business should be formed taking into
account current development trends. To do this, it is necessary to develop approaches
that would reduce the level of risk caused by the emergence of negative customer
expectations. To do this, a marketing and sales strategy must be used. The main
role will be played by corporate culture, which will be the core of future strategic
changes. Important for implementation is the innovation strategy, the implementation
of which should take place through the creation of smart cities within the hotel
and restaurant complex. This approach minimizes contact with the external
environment and promotes a positive impression of the quality of services.
Key words: hotel and restaurant business, strategies of hotel and restaurant
business development, business risks, hotel and restaurant complexes, smart city.
Blockchain-technology in accounting and audit
Authors: Bunda Olga
Published: June 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the process of digitization, in particular
the use of Blockchain technology in accounting and auditing in modern business
conditions.
The methodology consists in the use of the following methods: dialectical,
statistical, structural-analytical, method of observation, methods of analysis and
synthesis, induction and deduction, modeling, method of generalization.
The scientific novelty of the work is to improve the process of digitization of
accounting and auditing and the formation of the algorithm Blockchain-technology,
which will significantly reduce errors due to the human factor, reduce accounting
costs, reduce the likelihood of falsification of records.
Conclusions. In the conditions of globalization the high level of digitalization
of world economic space acquires importance. Digitalization of business processes
ensures stable development and achievement of strategic goals of enterprises and
organizations of Ukraine. The use of modern information technology involves significant changes in the principles of management, external and internal communications, the processes of obtaining, processing and storing data on activities, the
formation of new types and methods of accounting and auditing. The concept of
Blockchain technology has been studied - a decentralized electronic database that
can store and verify information, as well as set rules for updating this information
in real time. The use of Blockchain technology in accounting and auditing involves
the creation of records and recording the time of their creation, so all data will
remain forever and unchanged. The basic principles of application of Blockchain
technology in accounting and auditing are considered. Public and private Blockchain
technologies are characterized. Promising areas of application of the Blockchain
technology in accounting are identified. An algorithm for the application of Blockchain technology in accounting is proposed. The advantages and disadvantages of
using Blockchain technology in accounting and auditing are highlighted. The main
advantages of using Blockchain technology in accounting and auditing are the inability to falsify the transaction, which is already formed in Blockchain technology,
access of all system participants to transaction information, reducing the cost of
processing and storing information. That is why it is important to use Blockchain
technology in accounting and auditing.
Key words: accounting, audit; digitalization, business process, information
technology, blockchain technologies.
Dual-Action Icariin-Containing Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Wound Macrophage Polarization and Hair-Follicle Neogenesis
Authors: Teng Ying-Ying , Zou Ming-Li , Liu Si-Yu , Jia Yuan , Zhang Kai-Wen , Yuan Zheng-Dong , Wu Jun-Jie , Ye Jun-Xing , Yu Shun , Li Xia , Zhou Xiao-Jin , Yuan Feng-Lai
Published: June 2022

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway is essential for M2 macrophage polarization and hair-follicle neogenesis. Icariin, a flavonoid derived from Epimedium, is a mediator of the BMP pathway. Here, we develop a hydrogel formulation functionalized with icariin for regulation of macrophage polarization to accelerate wound healing and hair-follicle neogenesis. Compared to skin defects without icariin treatment, those treated with icariin+PEG hydrogel healed faster and had new hair follicles. Results in vivo showed that icariin+PEG hydrogel induced a higher level of M2 phenotypic transformation of macrophages. Moreover, icariin+PEG hydrogel significantly accelerated wound-repair process by reducing the invasion of inflammation, excessive deposition of collagen, immoderate activation of myofibroblasts, and increasing the regeneration of hair follicles. Furthermore, studies in vitro demonstrated that the icariin+PEG hydrogel induced macrophages to polarize to the M2 phenotype and dermal papilla cell to hair follicles. Finally, molecular analysis demonstrated that the icariin+PEG hydrogel increased the expression of BMP4 and Smad1/5 phosphorylation in skin wounds. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of icariin-containing thermosensitive hydrogels for inducing M2 macrophage polarization to accelerate wound healing and promote hair-follicle neogenesis by regulating the BMP pathway.
Effects of Collagen Hydrolysate From Large Hybrid Sturgeon on Mitigating Ultraviolet B-Induced Photodamage
Authors: Chen Bei , Yu Lei , Wu Jingna , Qiao Kun , Cui Lulu , Qu Haidong , Su Yongchang , Cai Shuilin , Liu Zhiyu , Wang Qin
Published: June 2022

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation leads to the excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which subsequently promote inflammation, degradation of the extracellular matrix, and photoaging in skin. Thus antioxidant activity is particularly important when screening for active substances to prevent or repair photodamage. Marine fish-derived bioactive peptides have become a trend in cosmetics and functional food industries owing to their potential dermatological benefits. In this study, 1-diphenyl- 2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity was selected to optimize the hydrolysis conditions of sturgeon skin collagen peptides with antioxidant activity. The optimal hydrolysis conditions for sturgeon skin collagen hydrolysate (SSCH) were determined by response surface methodology, which comprised an enzyme dosage of flavorzyme at 6,068.4 U/g, temperature of 35.5°C, pH of 7, and hydrolysis time of 6 h. SSCH showed good radical-scavenging capacities with a DPPH scavenging efficiency of 95%. Then, the effect of low-molecular-weight SSCH fraction (SSCH-L) on UVB irradiation-induced photodamage was evaluated in mouse fibroblast L929 cells and zebrafish. SSCH-L reduced intracellular ROS levels and the malondialdehyde content, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage caused by UVB radiation. Moreover SSCH-L inhibited the mRNA expression of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Cox-2. SSCH-L treatment further increased the collagen Ⅰα1 content and had a significant inhibitory effect on matrix metalloproteinase expression. The phosphorylation level of JNK and the expression of c-Jun protein were significantly reduced by SSCH-L. Additionally, SSCH-L increased the tail fin area at 0.125 and 0.25 mg/ml in a zebrafish UVB radiation model, which highlighted the potential of SSCH-L to repair UVB-irradiated zebrafish skin damage. Peptide sequences of SSCH-L were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on the 3D-QSAR modeling prediction, six total peptides were selected to test the UVB-protective activity. Among these peptides, DPFRHY showed good UVB-repair activity, ROS-scavenging activity, DNA damage-protective activity and apoptosis inhibition activity. These results suggested that DPFRHY has potential applications as a natural anti-photodamage material in cosmetic and functional food industries.
Axonemal Growth and Alignment During Paraspermatogenesis in the Marine Gastropod Strombus luhuanus
Authors: Shibata Daisuke , Morita Masaya , Sato Yu , Shiba Kogiku , Kitanobo Seiya , Yokoya Ryo , Inaba Kazuo
Published: June 2022

Parasperm are non-fertilizing sperm that are produced simultaneously with fertile eusperm. They occur in several animal species and show considerable morphological diversity. We investigated the dynamics of axonemes during paraspermatogenesis in the marine snail S. luhuanus. Mature parasperm were characterized by two lateral undulating membranes for motility and many globular vesicles. Axonemes were first observed as brush-like structures that extruded from the anterior region. Multiple axonemes longer than the brush then started to extend inside the cytoplasm towards the posterior region. The mass of the axonemes separated into two lateral rows and formed an undulating membrane that drives bidirectional swimming in the mature parasperm. The central pair of axonemes was aligned in the undulating membrane, resulting in cooperative bend propagation. During paraspermatogenesis, centrioles were largely diminished and localized to the anterior region. CEP290, a major component of the transition zone, showed a broad distribution in the anterior area. Axonemes in the posterior region showed a 9 + 0 structure with both outer and inner arm dyneins. These observations provide a structural basis for understanding the physiological functions of parasperm in marine reproductive strategies.
Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of Flavonoids and Its Inhibitory Activity Against BACE1 Enzyme Toward a Better Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mohamed Yusof Nur Intan Saidaah , Abdullah Zafirah Liyana , Othman Norodiyah , Mohd Fauzi Fazlin
Published: June 2022

Drug development in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) suffers from a high attrition rate. In 2021, 117 agents tested in phases I and II and 36 agents tested in phase III were discontinued. Natural product compounds may be good lead compounds for AD as they contain functional groups that are important for binding against key AD targets such as β-secretase enzyme (BACE1). Hence, in this study, 64 flavonoids collected from rigorous literature search and screening that have been tested from 2010 to 2022 against BACE1, which interferes in the formation of amyloid plaque, were analyzed. The 64 unique flavonoids can be further classified into five core fragments. The flavonoids were subjected to clustering analysis based on its structure, and each representative of the clusters was subjected to molecular docking. There were 12 clusters formed, where only 1 cluster contained compounds from two different core fragments. Several observations can be made where 1) flavanones with sugar moieties showed higher inhibitory activity compared to flavanones without sugar moieties. The number of sugar moieties and position of glycosidic linkage may also affect the inhibitory activity. 2) Non-piperazine-substituted chalcones when substituted with functional groups with decreasing electronegativity at the para position of both rings result in a decrease in inhibitory activity. Molecular docking indicates that ring A is involved in hydrogen bond, whereas ring B is involved in van der Waals interaction with BACE1. 3) Hydrogen bond is an important interaction with the catalytic sites of BACE1, which are Asp32 and Asp228. As flavonoids contain favorable structures and properties, this makes them an interesting lead compound for BACE1. However, to date, no flavonoids have made it through clinical trials. Hence, these findings may aid in the design of highly potent and specific BACE1 inhibitors, which could delay the progression of AD.
Indus River Basin Glacier Melt at the Subbasin Scale
Authors: Giese Alexandra , Rupper Summer , Keeler Durban , Johnson Eric , Forster Richard
Published: June 2022

Pakistan is the most glaciated country on the planet but faces increasing water scarcity due to the vulnerability of its primary water source, the Indus River, to changes in climate and demand. Glacier melt constitutes over one-third of the Indus River’s discharge, but the impacts of glacier shrinkage from anthropogenic climate change are not equal across all eleven subbasins of the Upper Indus. We present an exploration of glacier melt contribution to Indus River flow at the subbasin scale using a distributed surface energy and mass balance model run 2001–2013 and calibrated with geodetic mass balance data. We find that the northern subbasins, the three in the Karakoram Range, contribute more glacier meltwater than the other basins combined. While glacier melt discharge tends to be large where there are more glaciers, our modeling study reveals that glacier melt does not scale directly with glaciated area. The largest volume of glacier melt comes from the Gilgit/Hunza subbasin, whose glaciers are at lower elevations than the other Karakoram subbasins. Regional application of the model allows an assessment of the dominant drivers of melt and their spatial distributions. Melt energy in the Nubra/Shyok and neighboring Zaskar subbasins is dominated by radiative fluxes, while turbulent fluxes dominate the melt signal in the west and south. This study provides a theoretical exploration of the spatial patterns to glacier melt in the Upper Indus Basin, a critical foundation for understanding when glaciers melt, information that can inform projections of water supply and scarcity in Pakistan.
A Numerical Analysis of the Leakage Characteristics of an Embankment Dam Slope With Internal Erosion
Authors: Jia Yu , Ding Yu , Wang Xuan , Zhang Jiasheng , Chen Xiaobin
Published: June 2022

Leakage is a common defect of embankment dam slopes, and is usually accompanied by internal erosion. This study establishes a mathematical two-phase seepage coupling model that explicitly considers the effects of internal erosion. With the help of finite element software COMSOL Multiphysics®, we use this model to study the characteristics of fluid seepage, the fraction of leakage volume that is made up of migrated fine particles (migrated fine particles volume fraction), porosity, permeability, and displacement in the leakage process of a three-dimensional embankment dam slope, as well as to study the influence of the water level and leakage outlet size on the aforementioned features. Our results show that water seepage velocity gradually increases with time, especially at the downstream leakage outlet. Therefore, the erosion and migration of fine particles occur primarily at the downstream leakage outlet, resulting in a significant increase in the migrated fine particles volume fraction, porosity, and permeability. In addition, the maximum migrated fine particles volume fraction, the maximum porosity, and the maximum permeability in the slope increase nonlinearly with time. Curves for maximum displacement with a strength reduction factor can be divided into three stages: the early stable stage, the midterm nonlinear growth stage (creeping state), and the later rapid growth stage (instability state). We also find that the rise of the water level promotes the erosion and migration of fine particles on the slope and that the maximum migrated fine particles volume fraction and the maximum porosity increase with the water level. The values of the strength reduction factor for the creeping state decrease as the water level rises. Furthermore, the larger the size of the downstream leakage outlet, the larger the maximum migrated fine particles volume fraction and maximum porosity. However, the relationship between maximum displacement and strength reduction factor is nearly unaffected by the size of the leakage outlet.
Probabilistic Volcanic Hazard Assessment of the 22.5–28°S Segment of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes
Authors: Bertin Daniel , Lindsay Jan M. , Cronin Shane J. , de Silva Shanaka L. , Connor Charles B. , Caffe Pablo J. , Grosse Pablo , Báez Walter , Bustos Emilce , Constantinescu Robert
Published: June 2022

Evaluation of volcanic hazards typically focusses on single eruptive centres or spatially restricted areas, such as volcanic fields. Expanding hazard assessments across wide regions (e.g., large sections of a continental margin) has rarely been attempted, due to the complexity of integrating temporal and spatial variability in tectonic and magmatic processes. In this study, we investigate new approaches to quantify the hazards of such long-term active and complex settings, using the example of the 22.5–28°S segment of the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes. This research is based on the estimation of: 1) spatial probability of future volcanic activity (based on kernel density estimation using a new volcanic geospatial database), 2) temporal probability of future volcanic events, and 3) areas susceptible to volcanic flow and fall processes (based on computer modeling). Integrating these results, we produce a set of volcanic hazard maps. We then calculate the relative probabilities of population centres in the area being affected by any volcanic phenomenon. Touristic towns such as La Poma (Argentina), Toconao (Chile), Antofagasta de la Sierra (Argentina), Socaire (Chile), and Talabre (Chile) are exposed to the highest relative volcanic hazard. In addition, through this work we delineate five regions of high spatial probability (i.e., volcanic clusters), three of which correlate well with geophysical evidence of mid-crustal partial melt bodies. Many of the eruptive centres within these volcanic clusters have poorly known eruption histories and are recommended to be targeted for future work. We hope this contribution will be a useful approach to encourage probabilistic volcanic hazard assessments for other arc segments.
Discrete Bubble Flow in Granular Porous Media via Multiphase Computational Fluid Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Ma Ye , Yan Guanxi , Scheuermann Alexander
Published: June 2022

The coal seam gas industry has raised public concerns about the potential risk of groundwater contamination, where gases leaked from coal seams are thought to pollute groundwater. However, the basic principles and controlling parameters for gas seepage from deep ground formations to the ground surface have not been fully understood. As a possible mechanism for gas transport in the subsurface environment, discrete bubble flow was previously investigated using laboratory experiments by Ma et al. (Water Resour. Res, 2015, 51 (6), 4359–4373). This study developed a multiphase computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model to simulate discrete bubbly flow in a two-dimensional granular porous media at the pore scale. Following the experimental setup from Ma et al. (Water Resour. Res, 2015, 51 (6), 4359–4373), a “point source” with preset bubble fluxes was specified in a simulating domain representing the flume size in the earlier experiments. There were around 7,000 granular particles within this domain to model the porous media. This numerical model was validated by conserving the gas mass in the simulating domain. The simulation results provide more physical insights into complex bubble transport behaviour in porous media through specific plume parameters. The breakthrough time of the bubble plume and the cross-sectional averaged velocity of ambient pore water flow were manifested to be proportional to the gas release rates in the logarithmic scales. Also, the bubble plume width was also observed to be proportional to the gas release rates. Moreover, the gas distribution on the top boundary could be observed. The outcomes were further tested against the scaling solutions proposed by Ma et al. (Water Resour. Res, 2015, 51 (6), 4359–4373) with disagreements. The limitations of this multiphase computational fluid dynamic model were finally discussed.
Numerical Study on the Formation and Solidification of LMPA Microdroplet in a Microfluidic Device
Authors: Guo Yanhong , Ren Yong , Hou Tuo , Wang Jing , Wang Chengbo
Published: June 2022

LMPA droplets or particles have contributed to many fields such as the application of sensors and valves, and droplet-based microfluidics has been applied to the preparation of LMPA droplets. Understanding how flow rate, interfacial tension, and temperature affect the formation and solidification of droplets is helpful to design a microfluidic platform. In this study, a coupled VOF and enthalpy-porosity method will be used to numerically simulate how these factors affect the LMPA droplet formation and solidification process. We find that increasing the velocity of the continuous phase or decreasing the interfacial tension will reduce the LMPA droplet size and simultaneously increase the frequency of droplet formation. In addition, increasing the interfacial tension will decrease the required solidification time of LMPA droplets, and the solidification time of droplets will first increase and then decrease with the growth of continuous-phase velocity. On the other hand, increasing the continuous-phase temperature or cooling wall temperature will reduce the solidification time of LMPA droplets, but has no obvious influence on the size and frequency of droplet generation.
Effect of Moisture and Feedstock Variability on the Rheological Behavior of Corn Stover Particles
Authors: Cheng Ziwei , Gao David W. , Powers Fiona M. , Navar Ricardo , Leal Juan H. , Ajayi Oyelayo O. , Semelsberger Troy A.
Published: June 2022

Continuous feeding, processing, and handling of biomass powders is pivotal to the economic viability of integrated biorefineries. However, current challenges associated with the operational reliability of bulk solids handling and transport greatly impact the process economics and ultimately the widespread commercialization of integrated biorefineries. In this work, we examine the effect of moisture and feedstock variability on the flow behavior of corn stover biomass particles. The total flow energy, compressibility, shear properties, and wall friction angles were measured for corn stover samples A and B containing 0%, 15%, 25%, 50%, and 75% (mass fraction) moisture contents using a FT4 powder rheometer. In general, the flowability of both A and B was reduced when moisture was present as indicated by the stability and variable flow rate, compressibility, and shear tests. The 15% moisture sample had the highest flow energy, revealing the interplay between the increased surface tension and looser packing both of which were caused by liquid bridging. The 75% moisture sample had the highest compressibility and the lowest flowability factor (ffc). The trend in wall friction angle was found to be dependent upon the surface hydrophobicity of the wall material. The wall friction angle on the hydrophilic, stainless-steel surface increased with moisture and therefore poses additional handling challenges. On the other hand, the wall friction angle on the hydrophobic polymer surfaces were the lowest for samples with intermediate moisture contents. Sample B had greater bulk density, smaller compressibility, and greater flowability than the sample A, as suggested by the compressibility and shear tests. The wall friction angle of sample B was higher than or equal to that of sample A depending on both the type and the surface roughness of the wall material.
Renewable Energy, Agriculture and CO2 Emissions: Empirical Evidence From the Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Majewski Sebastian , Mentel Grzegorz , Dylewski Marek , Salahodjaev Raufhon
Published: June 2022

This study explores the effect of renewable energy and agriculture on CO2 emissions in a sample of 94 middle-income countries for the years 2000–2015. Using two-step generalized method of moments (GMM) regression, we find there is a negative relationship between renewable energy production, agriculture value added and per capita CO2 emissions. If causal, a 1% increase in renewable electricity output leads to a 0.18% decrease in CO2 emissions. Our results remain robust when we include additional control variables. Our study suggests that policy tools such as subsidies or low interest loans can be used to promote renewable energy consumption in middle-income countries.
Evaluation of the Sustainable Development of the Social-Economic-Natural Compound Ecosystem in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Urban Agglomeration (China): Based on Complex Network Analysis
Authors: Feng Zhijun , Chen Zinan , Cai Hechang , Yang Zaoli
Published: June 2022

In the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), a series of natural environmental, economic, and social issues have emerged sequentially in the process of rapid economic and social development. Therefore, for the sustainable development of the GBA, how to closely integrate nature protection with economic and social development to improve the sustainable development level of the social-economic-natural compound ecosystem, and realize the coordinated development of the system is particularly important. Based on the perspective of complex network and the theory of compound ecosystem, this study proposes a set of sustainable development evaluation model based on complex network modeling to evaluate the sustainable development level of compound ecosystem in GBA from 2014 to 2018, and further analyze the coupling coordination degree. The major findings include: 1) For the sustainable development in the GBA, the development of the natural subsystem is an important foundation, and the synchronous development of the social and economic subsystems are the main driving force. 2) The sustainable development level in the GBA shows an overall steady upward trend; the average level of the compound ecosystem’s coupling coordination development is in a “good” state, and it shows an evident upward trend. 3) Whether it is within the GBA or the GBA and its surrounding regions, there are problems of unbalanced and insufficient regional development. Policy recommendations include increasing the emphasis on the sustainable development of the natural subsystem, promoting the coordinated development of the economic, social, and natural subsystems, and promoting the balanced development of cities within the GBA, as well as the GBA and surrounding regions.
Effects of Relative Humidity on the Diurnal Variation of Raindrop Size Distribution in Southwest China
Authors: Sun Jing , Wan Rong , Zhou Yue
Published: June 2022

This study examined the effects of relative humidity (RH) on the diurnal variation of raindrop size distribution (RSD) over valley topography (Zigui region) of China from 2019 to 2020 based on a two-dimensional video disdrometer (2DVD), auto-weather station (AWS) and ERA5. The RSD structure of daytime shows a triple peaks when the RH is lower than 60% and it shows a single peak in other RH conditions, for the RSD of nighttime, the RSD structure shows a single peak when the RH is greater than 60%, and the RSD shape shows a bimodal structure with RH ≤ 60%. Significant day-night difference was found in RSDs between short-duration precipitation Amount (SPA) and long-duration precipitation Amount (LPA) under the different RH conditions. The daytime RSDs of SPA showed broader distributions than the nighttime RSDs, whereas the nighttime RSDs of LPA exhibited the opposite to that of SPA. Higher ground RH modified the RSD shape through raindrop sorting, collision-coalescence and breakup resulting with the formation of large size raindrops. Under the effect of same RH, the melting and collision-coalescence of large raindrops in the daytime of SPA are obviously stronger than those of LPA. This difference may be related to the near-surface wind filed and the intensity of convection.
Transcriptomics on Social Interactions in Termites: Effects of Soldier Presence
Authors: Matsunami Masatoshi , Watanabe Dai , Fujiwara Kokuto , Hayashi Yoshinobu , Shigenobu Shuji , Miura Toru , Maekawa Kiyoto
Published: June 2022

The organization of social insect colonies requires sophisticated mechanisms to regulate caste composition according to colony demands. In termites, the soldier caste is responsible for the inhibition of soldier differentiation, but the mechanism underlying the regulation of soldier differentiation is still unclear. In this study, we performed transcriptome analyses to identify genes expressed in workers that fluctuated in the presence of soldiers in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus. First, soldier differentiation was artificially induced via juvenile hormone (JH) application, and the inhibitory effects of soldier differentiation on soldier presence were evaluated. Second, transcriptomes were prepared from workers with or without soldiers under JH treatment, and expression analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each treatment. The expression levels of several DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR. The results indicated that only a small number of DEGs were upregulated by the presence of soldiers. A homology search of DEGs and gene ontology (GO) analysis of the DEGs showed that some genes were responsible for the regulation of hormone levels, social interaction, and response to xenobiotic substances, suggesting that they could be involved in developmental arrest and pheromonal regulation in workers. Moreover, GO analysis indicated that the expression of many genes, including those involved in hormone metabolic processes, fluctuated with JH application. Suppression of soldier differentiation in the presence of soldiers could be accomplished by the expression of a large number of genes required for soldier differentiation.
The Role of the APC/C and Its Coactivators Cdh1 and Cdc20 in Cancer Development and Therapy
Authors: Greil Christine , Engelhardt Monika , Wäsch Ralph
Published: June 2022

To sustain genomic stability by correct DNA replication and mitosis, cell cycle progression is tightly controlled by the cyclic activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, their binding to cyclins in the respective phase and the regulation of cyclin levels by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The spindle assembly checkpoint plays an important role at the metaphase-anaphase transition to ensure a correct separation of sister chromatids before cytokinesis and to initiate mitotic exit, as an incorrect chromosome distribution may lead to genetically unstable cells and tumorigenesis. The ubiquitin ligase anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C) is essential for these processes by mediating the proteasomal destruction of cyclins and other important cell cycle regulators. To this end, it interacts with the two regulatory subunits Cdh1 and Cdc20. Both play a role in tumorigenesis with Cdh1 being a tumor suppressor and Cdc20 an oncogene. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the APC/C-regulators Cdh1 and Cdc20 in tumorigenesis and potential targeted therapeutic approaches.
Penpulimab, an Fc-Engineered IgG1 Anti-PD-1 Antibody, With Improved Efficacy and Low Incidence of Immune-Related Adverse Events
Authors: Huang Zhaoliang , Pang Xinghua , Zhong Tingting , Qu Tailong , Chen Na , Ma Shun , He Xinrong , Xia Dennis , Wang Max , Xia Michelle , Li Baiyong
Published: June 2022

Background

IgG4 anbibodies are deficient in stability and may contribute to tumor-associated escape from immune surveillance. We developed an IgG1 backbone anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) antibody, penpulimab, which is designed to remove crystallizable fragment (Fc) gamma receptor (FcγR) binding that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and proinflammatory cytokine release.

Methods

Aggregation of different anti-PD-1 antibodies was tested by size exclusion chromatography, and melting temperature midpoint (Tm) and aggregation temperature onset (Tagg) were also determined. The affinity constants of penpulimab for PD-1 and human FcγRs were measured by surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry. ADCC and ADCP were determined in cellular assays and antibody-dependent cytokine release (ADCR) from human macrophages was detected by ELISA. Binding kinetics of penpulimab to human PD-1 was determined by Biacore, and epitope/paratope mapping of PD-1/penpulimab was investigated using x-ray crystallography. Additionally, patients from six ongoing trials were included for analysis of immune-related adverse events (irAEs).

Results

Penpulimab demonstrated better stability and a lower level of host-cell protein residue compared with IgG4 backbone anti-PD-1 antibodies. As expected, penpulimab exhibited no apparent binding to FcγRIa, FcγRIIa_H131, FcγRIIIa_V158 and FcγRIIIa_F158, elicited no apparent ADCC and ADCP activities, and induced no remarkable IL-6 and IL-8 release by activated macrophages in vitro. Penpulimab was shown in the co-crystal study to bind to human PD-1 N-glycosylation site at N58 and had a slower off-rate from PD-1 versus nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Four hundred sixty-five patients were analyzed for irAEs. Fifteen (3.2%) patients had grade 3 or above irAEs. No death from irAEs was reported.

Conclusions

IgG1 backbone anti-PD1 antibody penpulimab has a good stability and reduced host cell protein residue, as well as potent binding to the antigen. Fc engineering has eliminated Fc-mediated effector functions of penpulimab including ADCC, ADCP and reduced ADCR, which may contribute to its more favorable safety profile.

Clinical Trial Registration

www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: AK105-101: NCT03352531, AK105-201: NCT03722147, AK105-301: NCT03866980, AK105-202:NCT03866967, AK105-203: NCT04172571, AK105-204: NCT04172506.
Improvement Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MH-02 in Patients Receiving Resection of Colorectal Polyps: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Kaige , Liu Peng , Xu Xuan , Zhou Yuyang , Gan Lihong , Yao Ling , Li Bin , Chen Tingtao , Fang Nian
Published: June 2022

Background

Postoperative symptoms, bowel dysfunction and recurrence are common problems after resection of colorectal polyps. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Bifidobacterium in the postoperative patients.

Methods

In this single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, adults (≥ 18 years) undergoing endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps were treated with probiotics (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis MH-02, 2 × 109 colony-forming units per packet) or placebo once daily for 7 days. The primary clinical endpoint was a reduction in the mean total postoperative symptoms score within 7 days postoperatively. Secondary clinical endpoints were the single symptom scores, time to recovery of bowel function, and changes in the intestinal microbiota. This study is registered with the number ChiCTR2100046687.

Results

A total of 100 individuals were included (48 in probiotic group and 52 in placebo group). No difference was seen in the mean scores between the two groups (0.29 vs. 0.43, P = 0.246). Colorectal polyps size (P = 0.008) and preoperative symptoms (P = 0.032) were influential factors for the primary endpoint. Besides, MH-02 alleviated difficult defecation (P = 0.045), and reduced the time to recovery of bowel function (P = 0.032). High-throughput analysis showed that MH-02 can help restore the diversity of intestinal microbiota, and increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Gemmiger, Blautia and Ruminococcus, while reduced the relative abundance of Clostridium at genus level (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In this prospective trial, MH-02 showed efficacy in patients with resection of colorectal polyps, particularly in the recovery of bowel function, and the changes in the intestinal microbiota may provide evidence for further exploration of the therapeutic mechanisms.
A Regional View of the Response to Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of European Benthic Organisms’ Responses
Authors: Hoppit George , Schmidt Daniela N.
Published: June 2022

Climate change is impacting organisms in every region of the world ocean by acting though on individuals in response to their local environments. Given projected future risks derived from these changes, it is becoming increasingly important to understand regional signals of how organisms respond to facilitate their governance and protection. Benthic organisms structure ecological compositions and ecosystem dynamics, therefore not only providing insights into their own response to climate change but also how ecosystems might respond to future conditions. European seas are transitional areas including boreal, warm-temperate, and subarctic waters with organisms frequently at limits of their distributions. Here, we use a meta-analytical approach to assess how calcification, growth, metabolism, photosynthesis, reproduction, and survival in European benthic organisms respond to ocean acidification and warming. Using meta-regression, we examine how study design factors influence effect-size outcomes. Longer experimental periods generally amplified the effects of climate change on taxonomic groupings and related physiological traits and against expectation do not result in acclimation. In agreement with global studies, we find that impacts vary considerably on different taxonomic groupings and their physiological traits. We found calcifying organisms are an at-risk taxon in European waters, with climate stressors decreasing growth rates, reproduction, and survival rates. Fleshy algal species demonstrate resilience to climate stressors, suggesting future European benthic ecosystems will undergo restructuring based on current climate emission pathways.
Adsorptive Removal of Atrazine From Contaminated Water Using Low-Cost Carbonaceous Materials: A Review
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Riaz Umair , Iqbal Shazia , Ahmad Jahangir , Rasheed Hina , Al-Farraj Abdullah S. F. , Al-Wabel Mohammad I.
Published: June 2022

Extensive utilization of atrazine (estimated consumption of 70,000–90,000 tons per annum globally) to eliminate undesirable weeds has resulted in the accumulation of atrazine and its metabolites (diaminochlorotriazine, deisopropylatrazine, desethylatrazine, and atrazine mercapturate) in surface and groundwater above maximum permissible limits (drinking water: 3 μg L−1in the United States, 0.1 μg L−1in Europe, and 3.0 μg L−1by the WHO). Atrazine exhibited no to low degradation in aquatic environments; however, poor degradation in soil yields toxic metabolites, which serve as sinks for groundwater resources. Due to mobility, atrazine and its metabolites can persist in various environmental matrices for decades without degradation, posing a serious threat to ecosystem sustainability and, thus, being removed from water resources. Majority of conventional wastewater treatment technologies are either expensive or inefficient. The carbonaceous materials such as activated carbon, biochar, carbon nanotubes, and graphene have been employed as potent adsorbents for the efficient removal of atrazine along with its metabolites from wastewater. Thus, the efficacy of the aforementioned carbonaceous adsorbents for atrazine removal has been discussed in this article by reviewing 161 published articles. The literature survey demonstrated the highest atrazine adsorption capacity of activated carbons (13.95–712.10 mg g−1), followed by biochar (4.55–409.84 mg g−1) and carbon nanotubes (28.21–110.80 mg g−1). Atrazine adsorption onto the carbonaceous adsorbents is a complex process involving single or multiple mechanisms, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, van der Waals forces, hydrophobic interactions, π-π electron donor–acceptor interactions, pore filling, and partitioning. It is recommended that monitoring of atrazine and its metabolites in water resources and their impacts on human and animal lives be explored. Furthermore, modification of carbon-based adsorbents with chemical, mechanical, and thermal means, as well as development of hybrid systems, may completely remove the prevailing atrazine and its metabolites from world water resources.
Case Report: SMART ANTON: Anton-Babinski Syndrome in Stroke-Like Migraine Attacks (SMART) After Radiation Therapy: Two Rare Syndromes, One Case
Authors: Nagysomkuti Mertse Nicolas , Müri René
Published: June 2022

Introduction

We describe the case of a 57-years-old patient who presented an Anton-Babinski syndrome in the context of a stroke-like migraine attack after radiation therapy (SMART).

Case Report

The patient was brought to the emergency room following a sudden loss of vision in the context of a pre-existing left-sided hemianopia after excision of a right occipital astrocytoma followed by radio-chemotherapy 35 years prior to his admission in our services. At admittance, he also presented hyperthermia, hypertension, and a GCS of 7. The MRI showed a leptomeningeal enhancement in the left temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. After exclusion of other differential diagnoses, we diagnosed a cortical blindness in the context of a SMART syndrome affecting the left hemisphere. While the symptoms improved under corticosteroid therapy, the patient successively presented an Anton-Babinski syndrome, a Riddoch syndrome and a visual associative agnosia before finally regaining his usual sight.

Discussion

This is, to our knowledge, the first report of an Anton-Babinski syndrome in the context of a SMART syndrome. A dual etiology is mandatory for cortical blindness in SMART syndrome since the latter affects only one hemisphere. A SMART syndrome affecting the contralateral hemisphere in respect to the radiation site seems to be uncommon, which makes this case even more exceptional.