bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excellent absorption properties of BaFe12−xNbxO19controlled by multi-resonance permeability, enhanced permittivity, and the order of matching thickness
Authors: Liu Chuyang , Zhang Yujing , Tang Yu , Wang Zongrong , Tang Haichao , Ou Yang , Yu Le , Ma Ning , Du Piyi
Published: August 2017

Correlations of multi-resonance permeability, enhanced permittivity, and the order of matching thickness to absorption properties are elaborately established, which provide guidance for the design of high-performance absorbing materials.
Challenges in bimetallic multilayer structure formation: Pt growth on Cu monolayers on Ru(0001)
Authors: Mancera Luis A. , Engstfeld Albert K. , Bensch Andreas , Behm R. Jürgen , Groß Axel
Published: August 2017

In a joint experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the formation and morphology of PtCu/Ru(0001) bimetallic surfaces grown at room and higher temperatures under UHV conditions.
Novel multiple phosphorescence in nanostructured zinc oxide and calculations of correlated colour temperature
Authors: Das Sagnik , Ghorai Uttam Kumar , Dey Rajib , Ghosh Chandan Kumar , Pal Mrinal
Published: August 2017

A thermodynamic explanation using defect chemistry for the temperature and atmosphere dependent novel multiple phosphorescence in ZnO nanoparticles (∼160 nm) fit for cool lighting application is reported.
Quantitative correlation of the effects of crystallinity and additives on nanomorphology and solar cell performance of isoindigo-based copolymers
Authors: Chang Chun-Yu , Huang Yu-Ching , Tsao Cheng-Si , Chen Chien-An , Su Chun-Jen , Su Wei-Fang
Published: August 2017

Understanding the effects of additives on the morphology of active layer consisting of different crystallinity polymers in OPVs.
CO2electroreduction performance of a single transition metal atom supported on porphyrin-like graphene: a computational study
Authors: Wang Zhongxu , Zhao Jingxiang , Cai Qinghai
Published: August 2017

Single transition metal atoms supported by porpyrin-like graphene exhibit high catalytic activity for the electroreduction of CO2.
Unveiling anomalous CO2-to-N2selectivity of graphene oxide
Authors: Lee Ji Hoon , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Choi Jang Wook
Published: August 2017

Graphene oxide (GO) exhibits anomalous increase in CO2-to-N2selectivity with temperature rise utilizing CO2-philic functional groups and large macropores.
Double-ring tubular (B2O2)nclusters (n = 6–42) rolled up from the most stable BO double-chain ribbon in boron monoxides
Authors: Tian Wen-Juan , Tian Xin-Xin , Mu Yue-Wen , Lu Hai-Gang , Li Si-Dian
Published: August 2017

Double-ring tubular (B2O2)nclusters (n= 6–42) rolled up from the most stable BO double-chain ribbon in boron monoxides are predicted to be viable species much more stable than their previously reported planar counterparts.
Large-scale synthesis of Au–WO3 porous hollow spheres and their photocatalytic properties
Authors: He Chenying , Li Xia , Li Yahui , Li Junfang , Xi Guangcheng
Published: August 2017

Uniform Au–WO3 porous hollow spheres have been synthesized on a large-scale by a general in situ reaction. The hybrid materials exhibit excellent activity for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
A five-coordinate manganese(iii) complex of a salen type ligand with a positive axial anisotropy parameter D
Authors: Shova Sergiu , Vlad Angelica , Cazacu Maria , Krzystek J. , Bucinsky Lukas , Breza Martin , Darvasiová Denisa , Rapta Peter , Cano Joan , Telser Joshua , Arion Vladimir B.
Published: August 2017

Quantum chemical calculations reproduced well the electronic absorption spectrum and spin Hamiltonian parameters for MnL(NCS).
Dissimilar catalytic behavior of molecular or colloidal palladium systems with a new NHC ligand
Authors: Gómez-Villarraga Fernando , De Tovar Jonathan , Guerrero Miguel , Nolis Pau , Parella Teodor , Lecante Pierre , Romero Nuria , Escriche Lluís , Bofill Roger , Ros Josep , Sala Xavier , Philippot Karine , García-Antón Jordi
Published: August 2017

Molecular and colloidal palladium systems with a new NHC ligand show different catalytic reactivities.
Correction: Inorganic-modified semiconductor TiO2 nanotube arrays for photocatalysis
Authors: Wang Mengye , Iocozzia James , Sun Lan , Lin Changjian , Lin Zhiqun
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘Inorganic-modified semiconductor TiO2 nanotube arrays for photocatalysis’ by Mengye Wang et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 2182–2202.
Mass preparation of micro/nano-powders of biochar with water-dispersibility and their potential application
Authors: Li Linjian , Zhang Kun , Chen Li , Huang Zhong , Liu Guangbin , Li Mingfang , Wen Yangping
Published: August 2017

A novel strategy for micro/nano-structural and/or water dispersible biochars and their potential application in new and traditional fields.
Synthesis of a dibenzo-BODIPY-incorporating phenothiazine dye as a panchromatic sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Erten-Ela Sule , Ueno Yoshihide , Asaba Takuro , Kubo Yuji
Published: August 2017

The introduction of dibenzo-BODIPY into a phenothiazine dye led to the production of a panchromatic sensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells, a cell with the dye showing a PCE (η) value of 7.69%.
Microstructure and magnetic properties of Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramic
Authors: Sharma S. , Singh M. M. , Mandal K. D.
Published: August 2017

Y2/3Cu3Ti4O12 (YCTO) ceramic was prepared via the semi-wet route.
A hydrothermal reaction combined with a post anion-exchange reaction of hierarchically nanostructured NiCo2S4 for high-performance QDSSCs and supercapacitors
Authors: Rao S. Srinivasa , Durga Ikkurthi Kanaka , Kundakarla Nagabhushanam , Punnoose Dinah , Gopi Chandu V. V. M. , Reddy Araveeti Eswar , Jagadeesh M. , Kim Hee-Je
Published: August 2017

This paper proposes a strategy to synthesize NiCo2S4via a hydrothermal reaction combined with a post anion-exchange reaction that was used directly as an electrode in supercapacitor and quantum-dot sensitized solar cells.
Self-assembly of polyoxometalate-based hybrid aggregates: from a monomer to dimers by changing the pH value of reaction systems
Authors: Li Shaobin , Zhang Li , Chai Dongfeng , Pang Haijun , Ma Huiyuan
Published: August 2017

This work is the first example of the self-assembly of polyoxometalate-based hybrid aggregates by changing the pH value of reaction systems.
Mild synthesis of triarylsulfonium salts with arynes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Li Xiaojin , Sun Yan , Zhao Weizhao , Luo Fan , Huang Xin , Lin Lihui , Yang Ying , Peng Bo
Published: August 2017

An operationally simple synthesis of triarylsulfonium salts was developed with mild conditions and good functional group compatibility.
Formation of hydrazones and stabilized boron–nitrogen heterocycles in aqueous solution from carbohydrazides and ortho-formylphenylboronic acids
Authors: Gu Han , Chio Tak Ian , Lei Zhen , Staples Richard J. , Hirschi Jennifer S. , Bane Susan
Published: August 2017

A carbohydrazide possessing an α-amino group forms a tricyclic boron-containing heterocycle that is useful for creating stable bioconjugates.
Versatile asymmetric thiophene/benzothiophene flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers with ambipolar properties for OFETs and OSCs
Authors: Jiang Zhaoyan , Ni Zhenjie , Wang Hanlin , Wang Zhen , Zhang Jianqi , Qiu Gege , Fang Jin , Zhang Yajie , Dong Huanli , Lu Kun , Hu Wenping , Wei Zhixiang
Published: August 2017

Three novel asymmetric flanking diketopyrrolopyrrole based polymers with different π bridges were applied to organic solar cells as a donor or an acceptor, respectively.
A versatile flash cyclization technique assisted by microreactor
Authors: Shen Hongying , Wang Guowei
Published: August 2017

An innovative and versatile flash cyclization technique assisted by microreactor (or micromixer) is presented. The cyclization of linear poly(ethylene oxide) (l-PEO) with high efficiency can be instantly and completely realized in a micromixer.
A triptycene-based two-dimensional porous organic polymeric nanosheet
Authors: Chen Jing-Jing , Zhai Tian-Long , Chen Yi-Fan , Geng Shinan , Yu Chan , Liu Jun-Min , Wang Linling , Tan Bien , Zhang Chun
Published: August 2017

A new application of the “old” Glaser coupling reaction for a two-dimensional porous polymeric nanosheet on an air/liquid interface is developed.
Correction: N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of enals: synthesis of monobactams
Authors: Li Fangyi , Zhao Changgui , Wang Jian
Published: August 2017

Correction for ‘N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of enals: synthesis of monobactams’ by Fangyi Li, et al., Org. Chem. Front., 2016, 3, 335–338.
Effective removal of cesium by pristine graphene oxide: performance, characterizations and mechanisms
Authors: Kaewmee Patcharanat , Manyam Jedsada , Opaprakasit Pakorn , Truc Le Giang Thi , Chanlek Narong , Sreearunothai Paiboon
Published: August 2017

Cs is effectively removed by graphene oxide (GO). Characterization reveals the Cs capture mechanism by oxygen functional groups and hole defects.
Selection of affinity peptides for the purification potential of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Cap virus-like particles (VLPs)
Authors: Zheng Guanmin , Lu Qingxia , Wang Fangyu , Jin Qianyue , Teng Man , Zhang Nana , Ren Tingting , Ding Peiyang , Zhang Gaiping
Published: August 2017

In this study, we describe the use of a M13 phage-displayed random peptide library for screening novel peptide motifs that specifically recognize recombinant PCV2 Cap protein for the first time.
A material-basis study of Aloe vera on the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway using a knockin/knockout method with high-speed countercurrent chromatography
Authors: Dai Cong , Liu Meng-ping , Zhang Wei-jia , Kei Lam Christopher Wai , Guo Jian-ru , Li Wa , Wu Juan , Chen Jie-feng , Chen Zuan-guang , Zhang Wei , Yao Mei-cun
Published: August 2017

The water extract ofAloe veraat low concentration could activate the wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and up-regulated the level of active β-catenin protein in hek293 cells, as well as promoting the expression of wnt target genes.
Structural optimization of large acceptor–donor–acceptor-type molecules for improved performance of fullerene-free polymer solar cells
Authors: Cho Min Ju , Park Gi Eun , Park Seo Yeon , Kim Young-Un , Choi Dong Hoon
Published: August 2017

The strategy of varying the donating core unit in large A–D–A molecules was found to influence the photovoltaic properties in fullerene-free BHJ PSCs.
A novel synthesis protocol for Co3O4 nanocatalysts and their catalytic applications
Authors: Sivachidambaram M. , Vijaya J. Judith , Kaviyarasu K. , Kennedy L. John , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Jothi Ramalingam R.
Published: August 2017

Green synthesis of Co3O4-NPs by a HPCM method using Azadirachta indica leaf extract is reported. HRTEM shows hollow sphere like NPs with polycrystalline nature and it is used in catalytic applications.
Cofactor induced dissociation of the multifunctional multisubunit EcoR124I investigated using electromobility shift assays, AFM and SPR
Authors: Youell James , Sikora Aneta E. , Vejsadová Štěpánka , Weiserova Marie , Smith James R. , Firman Keith
Published: August 2017

We have applied three techniques to the study of subunit assembly of the Type IC Restriction–Modification enzyme EcoR124I.
Free-radical initiated cascade methylation or trideuteromethylation of isocyanides with dimethyl sulfoxides
Authors: Zhang Rui , Shi Xiaoqian , Yan Qinqin , Li Zejiang , Wang Zheng , Yu Haifei , Wang Xiaoke , Qi Jing , Jiang Menglu
Published: August 2017

The methylation or trideuteromethylation reaction of isocyanides with dimethyl sulfoxides in a radical way is developed, which offers a low-cost, easy-operation cascade methylation strategy for the synthesis of phenanthridines or isoquinolines.
Molecular weight tuning of low bandgap polymers by continuous flow chemistry: increasing the applicability of PffBT4T for organic photovoltaics
Authors: Pirotte Geert , Agarkar Shruti , Xu Bing , Zhang Junxiang , Lutsen Laurence , Vanderzande Dirk , Yan He , Pollet Pamela , Reynolds John R. , Maes Wouter , Marder Seth R.
Published: August 2017

Molecular weight tuning of a prototype OPV low bandgap polymer, PffBT4T (PCE-11), by continuous flow chemistry.
Controlled synergistic strategy to fabricate 3D-skeletal hetero-nanosponges with high performance for flexible energy storage applications
Authors: Tebyetekerwa Mike , Wang Xingping , Wu Yongzhi , Yang Shengyuan , Zhu Meifang , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: August 2017

3D-skeletal nanoarchitectures with high but dissimilar electroactivity performances are easily fabricated by effective spacing of electrospraying and electrospinning nozzles.
In situ synthesis of NIR-light emitting carbon dots derived from spinach for bio-imaging applications
Authors: Li Liping , Zhang Ruiping , Lu Chunxiang , Sun Jinghua , Wang Lingjie , Qu Botao , Li Tingting , Liu Yaodong , Li Sijin
Published: August 2017

NIR-light emitting CDs (R-CDs) were prepared using spinach as a precursor by one-step solvothermal treatment. The R-CDs exhibited great optical properties, negligible toxicity, and superior labelling capability both in vitro and in vivo.
SnO as a potential oxide thermoelectric candidate
Authors: Miller Samuel A. , Gorai Prashun , Aydemir Umut , Mason Thomas O. , Stevanović Vladan , Toberer Eric S. , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: August 2017

In the search for new thermoelectric materials, high-throughput calculations using a combination of semiempirical models and first principles density functional theory present a path to screen large numbers of compounds for the most promising candidates.
Efficient and high colour-purity green-light polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) based on a PVK-supported Tb3+-containing metallopolymer
Authors: Liu Lin , Pang Mengyuan , Chen Hongting , Fu Guorui , Li Baoning , Lü Xingqiang , Wang Lei
Published: August 2017

For the Tb3+-containing metallopolymer, colour-purity green-light PLEDs with record-renewed efficiencies (24.63 cd A−1, 7.81%, and 6.45 lm W−1) and low efficiency roll-off were realized.
Community Involvement and Benefits From an International Service Learning Program
Authors: Krishnan Lata A. , Masters Christi , Simpson Jennifer M.
Published: August 2017

Service learning (SL) is a form of experiential learning in which students are involved in community service activities that are related to academic course objectives. A key aspect that separates SL from other forms of experiential learning is the mutually beneficial nature of the service activities. Much of the SL and international SL (ISL) literature has focused on positive learning outcomes for students, with much less focus on the benefits of SL to the community. Speech, Language, and Hearing Services (SLHS) in Zambia is an intensive SL short-term study abroad program. This paper describes the benefits to the community via the SLHS in Zambia program.
Distance sonification in image‐guided neurosurgery
Authors: Plazak Joseph , Drouin Simon , Collins Louis , Kersten‐Oertel Marta
Published: August 2017

Image‐guided neurosurgery, or neuronavigation, has been used to visualise the location of a surgical probe by mapping the probe location to pre‐operative models of a patient's anatomy. One common limitation of this approach is that it requires the surgeon to divert their attention away from the patient and towards the neuronavigation system. In order to improve this type of application, the authors designed a system that sonifies (i.e. provides audible feedback of) distance information between a surgical probe and the location of the anatomy of interest. A user study (n = 15) was completed to determine the utility of sonified distance information within an existing neuronavigation platform (Intraoperative Brain Imaging System (IBIS) Neuronav). The authors’ results were consistent with the idea that combining auditory distance cues with existing visual information from image‐guided surgery systems may result in greater accuracy when locating specified points on a pre‐operative scan, thereby potentially reducing the extent of the required surgical openings, as well as potentially increasing the precision of individual surgical tasks. Further, the authors’ results were also consistent with the hypothesis that combining auditory and visual information reduces the perceived difficulty in locating a target location within a three‐dimensional volume.
Near‐optimal packet scheduling scheme in satellite LTE networks
Authors: Aiyetoro Gbolahan , Takawira Fambirai , Walingo Tom
Published: August 2017

This study proposes a near‐optimal packet scheduling scheme in the satellite long term evolution (LTE) network which uses multiuser multiple‐in multiple‐out technique. For the available resources in the satellite LTE network to be fully utilised and in order to meet the set targets of 4G standard, the need for an optimal scheduling scheme that will maximise the throughput without compromising the quality of service and fairness of users is very crucial. The aim of this study is to propose near‐optimal scheduling schemes that have been obtained using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker multipliers and compare their performances with other throughput‐optimal scheduling schemes. A new metric that can be used to compute the overall performance of the scheduling schemes is also presented. This work has adopted the use of a land mobile dual‐polarised GEO satellite system.
Low‐density parity check coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for PLC in non‐Gaussian noise using LLRs derived from effective noise probability density functions
Authors: Al‐Rubaye Ghanim A. , Tsimenidis Charalampos C. , Johnston Martin
Published: August 2017

In this study, the performance of irregular low‐density parity check (LDPC) coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (COFDM) utilising 4096 quadrature amplitude modulation (4096‐QAM) is investigated over multipath power‐line communication (PLC) channel. The effective complex‐valued ratio distributions of the noise samples at the zero‐forcing equaliser output considering both frequency‐selective multipath PLCs, background and impulsive noise are derived, in addition to the condition for optimum detection of 4096‐QAM and the bit error rate (BER). Moreover, the performance of the LDPC decoder is improved by computing the log‐likelihood ratios (LLRs) required for soft decoding based on the derived probability density functions. Numerical results obtained using the newly derived LLRs demonstrate a significant performance improvement compared to the conventional receiver that uses blanking impulsive noise mitigation method and LLR computed based on the Gaussian distribution. Furthermore, EXtrinsic Information Transfer chart analysis demonstrates that the proposed approach requires fewer iterations for convergence compared to the conventional receiver. Finally, utilising channel bandwidth of 22.4 MHz, the proposed system offers an improvement of 111 Mbps over the conventional system to reach a maximum data throughput of 256 Mbps for a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 39 dB and BER of .
Consensus tracking for general linear stochastic multi‐agent systems: a sliding mode variable structure approach
Authors: Zhao Birong , Peng Yunjian , Deng Feiqi
Published: August 2017

This study deals with the consensus tracking problem for general linear multi‐agent systems driven by Brownian motion. A directed graph is used to represent the communication topology of the multi‐agent network. To solve the consensus tracking problem, an innovative concept of the sub‐reachability of the sliding motion to approach approximately the specified sliding surface is introduced. Under the concept of sub‐reachability, the sliding mode variable structure consensus tracking protocol is synthesised to guarantee the sub‐reachability of the sliding motion in a finite time. By using the auxiliary function method and stochastic It integrals techniques with respect to Brownian motion, a sufficient condition for mean square asymptotic consensus tracking is derived. In particular, the consensus tracking criteria are very concise and can be implemented easily. Finally, a simulation example is utilised to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed control protocol.
Mechanical sensorless LPV torque ripple control of hybrid electric vehicle
Authors: Cauet Sebastien , Etien Erik , Rambault Laurent
Published: August 2017

This research concerns the vibration reduction transmitted by the thermal engine to the drivetrain. In the context of a hybrid electric vehicle, the use of an electric synchronous machine, more specifically a permanent magnet synchronous machine, is recommended to partly ensure vehicle propulsion but also to mitigate the torque pulsations generated by the engine. Most strategies using this propulsion method require a very accurate position sensor. However, instead of using a sensor, this research proposes the use of a position/speed observer. This approach is combined with linear parameter varying control to guarantee consistent performance during speed transients. Thus, this strategy does not use additional hardware for a hybrid drive and consumes very little additional electrical energy (excluding the electrical losses in the motor and the inverter). These methods are illustrated within the context of an urban trip and clearly show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Control scheme for DFIG converter system based on DC‐transmission
Authors: Yan Shaomin , Zhang Aimin , Zhang Hang , Wang Jianhua
Published: August 2017

This study proposes a novel control scheme for doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) in DC‐grid where its stator and rotor are connected to DC‐bus via insulated‐gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)‐based converters, namely rotor side converter and stator side converter (SSC). Maximum slip frequency strategy is proposed to determine stator frequency and improve stator voltage at low‐rotor speed, which could lower the design difficulty of SSC. Stator voltage decreases with stator frequency at low‐rotor speed, and keeps its rated value at normal rotor speed. The control strategy of constant stator voltage and constant rotor exciting current is adopted to make DFIG operate at normal and low‐rotor speed, respectively, and low‐speed wind energy is utilised accordingly. Furthermore hysteresis control strategy is adopted to avoid frequent switching in the strategy switching process. Experiment results validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Predictive torque control of open‐end winding induction motor drive fed with multilevel inversion using two two‐level inverters
Authors: Praveen Kumar Kunisetti V. , Vinay Kumar Thippiripati
Published: August 2017

This study proposes direct torque and flux control of dual‐inverter‐fed open‐end winding induction motor (OEWIM) with the help of model predictive control. OEWIMs are extensively used in electric vehicles and for ship propulsion but they require a high dynamic performance. Predictive torque control (PTC) retains the features of direct torque control and offers a high dynamic performance by eliminating start‐up problems. In this study, predictive torque control is implemented for multilevel inversion‐fed OEWIMs. Multilevel inversion is obtained by operating two two‐level inverters with equal and unequal DC link voltages. The proposed study gives a comparative analysis of PTC of OEWIM for various speeds and numerical analysis of torque ripple and flux ripple. The proposed methods are simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental response shows the validity of the developed methods.
Identification of modal interaction and small signal stability in autonomous microgrid operation
Authors: Krismanto Awan Uji , Mithulananthan Nadarajah
Published: August 2017

The detailed models of renewable energy resources based distributed generation (DG) unit, namely, wind energy conversion system, photovoltaic and diesel engine are presented in this study. Combination of different DG units in three microgrid (MG) structures is considered to investigate small signal stability and possible interaction between sensitive modes, particularly in autonomous mode of MG operation. Evaluation of oscillatory condition suggested that gain controller variation significantly influenced MG stability and system dynamic response. Moreover, since modal interaction potentially occurred due to gain change, it is necessary to identify the interaction accurately to ensure stable MG operation. The conventional identification method of eigen‐interaction is conducted by observing the movements of engaged eigenvalues. However, the eigen‐trajectories method is less sensitive to identify the occurrence of weak interaction. To provide more sensitive identification method, cross‐participation factor (CPF) and modal interaction index (MII) analysis are proposed. Deviation of eigen‐trajectories after approaching a particular interaction point, higher values of CPF and MII confirmed the occurrence of interactions. The presented works contribute for MGs gain setting consideration and proposing novel methodologies in identifying modal interaction.
Torque ripple reduction PWMs for a single DC source powered dual‐inverter fed open‐end winding induction motor drive
Authors: Sekhar Kondapalli Ramachandra , Srinivas Srirama
Published: August 2017

Two new pulse width modulation (PWM) methods are proposed for a dual two‐level inverter (DTLI) fed open‐end winding induction motor drive for complete elimination of zero sequence voltage (ZSV), enabling the DTLI drive to be powered from a single DC power supply only. One of the PWM methods is carefully devised and uses a single inverter only to be switched at all instants of time and dwell times of that switching inverter are derived by applying a simple volt‐second balance principle, for ZSV elimination. The second PWM method involves switching of both the inverters, for ZSV elimination in the DTLI. While the dwell times of first inverter are derived using the concept of ‘effective‐time’, whereas dwell times of the second inverter are obtained by thoughtfully exploiting the notion of ‘phase‐shift’. Additionally, torque ripple performance of the open‐end winding induction motor is theoretically analysed; ripple content is quantified to compare the performance of the proposed PWM methods. Finally, a typical PWM variant that results in the least torque ripple in the induction motor is recommended. All the envisaged ZSV elimination PWM methods and its variants are simple to implement and are first analysed, simulated and experimentally verified.
An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of O-Fluoroalkylisoureas through Copper-Catalysed, Three-Component Reaction of Cyan­amides, Fluoroalcohols and Diaryliodonium Triflates
Authors: Li Jihui , Yu Weiguang , Hou Yifeng , Fu Wenxing , Xu Shuying , Zhang Yucang
Published: August 2017

A copper-catalysed, three-component reaction involving cyan­amides, fluoroalcohols and diaryliodonium triflates is disclosed for the synthesis of O-fluoroalkylisoureas. Various O-fluoroalkylisoureas were obtained in good yields by using simple and readily available substrates. Moreover, C–H activation of O-fluoroalkylisoureas mediated by PhI(OAc)2 was established to obtain 2-fluoroalkoxybenzimidazoles in high yields at room temperature.
Ulnar Neck Fractures Associated with Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Özkan Sezai , Fischerauer Stefan , Kootstra Thomas , Claessen Femke , Ring David
Published: August 2017

Background There is little published data to guide management of ulnar neck fractures associated with fractures of the distal radius.

Purpose As unplanned surgery usually reflects adverse events and this injury combination is relatively uncommon, we used a large database to study the incidence of unplanned surgeries after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of distal metaphyseal ulna fractures associated with a distal radius fracture and identify factors associated with these unplanned surgeries.

Patients and Methods We identified 277 patients with an ulnar neck fracture associated with a distal radius fracture. Fifty-six (20%) ulnar neck fractures were initially treated operatively and six of them (11%) had a second, unplanned surgery. Of the 221 initially nonoperatively treated fractures, only one (0.45%) had a subsequent unplanned surgery that seemed unrelated to the fracture (ulnar nerve neurolysis).

Results Bivariate analysis showed that younger age, open fracture, multifragmentary fractures, and initial operative treatment of the ulnar neck fracture were significantly associated with unplanned surgery. A multivariable analysis was not feasible due to the small number of unplanned surgeries.

Conclusion Eighty percent of ulnar neck fractures associated with a fracture of the distal radius was treated nonoperatively in our region, and subsequent surgery for problems was very uncommon. Operative treatment and fracture complexity were associated with unplanned surgery, which reflected some measure of injury severity, technical inadequacy, and inherent problems associated with surgery.

Level of Evidence Level II, prognostic study.
All-Arthroscopic Treatment of Intra- and Extra-Articular Localized Villonodular Synovitis of Knee
Authors: Simonetta Roberto , Florio Michela , Familiari Filippo , Gasparini Giorgio , Rosa Michele
Published: August 2017

Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign, proliferative neoplastic condition affecting synovial-lined anatomic spaces. PVNS is characterized by hypertrophy of a synovial membrane by villous, nodular, and villonodular proliferation, with pigmentation secondary to hemosiderin deposition. The two forms of PVNS that have been described are diffuse (DPVNS) and localized (LPVNS). The knee is the most commonly involved anatomic location, followed by hip, ankle, shoulder, and elbow. Diagnosis of PVNS is not always obvious clinically. Various imaging modalities are often necessary to exclude other conditions and narrow the diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging has become the modality of choice for diagnosing PVNS. We present a case of intra-articular LPVNS with an extra-articular extension through the posterior capsule that has been successfully removed in an all-arthroscopic fashion.
Gute Remission unter HER2-Blockade bei einem fortgeschrittenen Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges bei nur fokaler HER2-Überexpression
Authors: Gaiser Timo , Hirsch Daniela , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter
Published: August 2017

Das Magenkarzinom und das Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges werden in 55 – 65 % der Fälle im lokal fortgeschrittenen bzw. metastasierten Stadium diagnostiziert und in der Regel mit einer perioperativen bzw. palliativen Chemotherapie behandelt. Im metastasierten Stadium muss der HER2-Status als positiver prädiktiver Faktor für eine Therapie mit Trastuzumab vor Therapieeinleitung zuverlässig bestimmt werden. Leider ist diese Bestimmung aber nicht trivial und sowohl mit dem Problem der ausgesprochenen Tumorheterogenität für HER2 als auch mit Problemen des HER2-Auswertungsalgorithmus behaftet. Wir berichten über einen 80 Jahre alten Patienten, welcher bei neu aufgetretenen Schluckbeschwerden mit einem fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinom des ösophagogastralen Überganges diagnostiziert wurde (uT3 uN+ cM0; Siewert II). Die initiale auswärtige HER2-Testung verlief negativ (HER2-Score 1 +) wurde aber in domo an umfangreicheren Biopsien wiederholt. Nach nachgewiesener fokaler, aber starker HER2-Positivität (HER2-Wert 3 +, ~10 % der Tumorzellen positiv) wurde eine Kombinationstherapie von Oxaliplatin, 5-Fluoruracil/Folinsäure und Trastuzumab eingeleitet, welche zur Besserung der Beschwerden und zu einer Remission führte. Die hier vorliegende Diskrepanz der zwei durchgeführten HER2-Testungen wurde verursacht durch eine Heterogenität der HER2-Expression, welche in den initialen, eher spärlichen Biopsien nicht erfasst wurde. Außerdem könnten Unterschiede zwischen dem bekannten, weitverbreiteten HER2-Auswertungsalgorithmus des Mammakarzinoms und dem mit Unschärfe behafteten, weniger oft verwendeten Magenkarzinom-Algorithmus eine Rolle gespielt haben. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt einen Patienten mit gutem Ansprechen auf eine anti-HER2-Therapie in Kombination mit einer Chemotherapie bei einem offensichtlich nur in geringfügigen Anteilen HER2-positiven fortgeschrittenen Karzinom des ösophagogastralen Übergangs und illustriert, welche Probleme mit der HER2-Testung verbunden sind, gerade wenn nur wenig tumortragende Biopsien gewonnen werden konnten.
Off-label Anwendung einer Budesonidhaltigen Suspension für die Behandlung einer lymphozytären Ösophagitis
Authors: Paparoupa Maria , Linnemüller Stephan , Schuppert Frank
Published: August 2017

Einleitung Die lymphozytäre Ösophagitis (Englisch: lymphocytic esophagitis-LyE) ist eine seltene chronisch-entzündliche Erkrankung der Speiseröhre, die klinisch ähnliche Charakteristika wie die eosinophile Ösophagitis aufweist. Der wichtigste Bestandteil der Behandlung sind die Protonenpumpenhemmer. Für die lokal wirkenden Steroide gibt es kein festes Therapieregime.

Fallbericht Ein 62-jähriger Patient stellte sich zur Abklärung einer chronischen Dysphagie mit zuvor diagnostizierten multiplen Ösophagusstenosen vor. Endoskopisch zeigte sich das Bild einer Pseudotrachealisierung mit diffus verteilten Ösophagusringen und Furchen. Die Diagnose der LyE wurde anhand der immunhistochemischen Analyse der Schleimhautbiopsien gestellt. Wir behandelten initial mit Budesonid in Form von Kapseln (Entocort 3 × 3 mg Hartkapseln® einmal täglich). Um bei Dysphagie die Akzeptanz der Therapie für den Patienten zu erhöhen, entschlossen wir uns zur off-label Anwendung von Suspensionen, die routinemäßig zur Verneblung bei Asthma oder COPD verwendet werden (Budenobronch® 0,5 mg zweimal täglich). Darunter kam es zur klinischen und später zur histologischen Remission.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Kasuistik berichtet über ein rein empirisches Therapiekonzept, was zur klinischen und histologischen Remission einer chronisch verlaufenden LyE geführt hat.
Degradation-induced low frequency noise and deep traps in GaN/InGaN near-UV LEDs
Authors: Lee In-Hwan , Polyakov A. Y. , Hwang Sung-Min , Shmidt N. M. , Shabunina E. I. , Tal'nishnih N. A. , Smirnov N. B. , Shchemerov I. V. , Zinovyev R. A. , Tarelkin S. A. , Pearton S. J.
Published: August 2017

Electrical stressing of near-UV (peak wavelength 390–395 nm) multi-quantum-well GaN/InGaN light emitting diodes at a high drive current of 650 mA and elevated temperature of 110 °C causes a significant degradation in external quantum efficiency (EQE), correlated with the formation of nitrogen interstitial-related electron traps at Ec − 0.8 eV. The dependence of the spectral density of current noise SI on forward current If showed two regions prior to accelerated aging, with SI ∼ If due to the current flow via localized leakage channels (presumably dislocations) and SI ∼ If2 related to the generation-recombination noise caused by the Ec − 0.8 eV states and Ev + 0.75 eV hole traps in the space charge region. Electrical stress for <922 h did not change the EQE but gradually increased both reverse and forward leakage current. This was accompanied by a gradual increase in the density of the hole traps, but not the electron traps. The mechanism appears to be the displacement of Ga and In atoms, with the interstitials decorating dislocations and forming local leakage channels. For stress times >922 h, the peak EQE decreased from 26% to 15% and was accompanied by a further increase in the leakage current and density of both types of traps. One of the 20 studied diodes showed an anomalously high forward leakage current, and the noise spectrum in it was dominated by the SI ∼ If4 region typical for the presence of local overheated areas (presumably local In composition fluctuations). The EQE of this sample began to degrade after a much shorter stress time of 258 h.
Cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared using a supercontinuum source
Authors: Amiot Caroline , Aalto Antti , Ryczkowski Piotr , Toivonen Juha , Genty Goëry
Published: August 2017

We demonstrate incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength range from 3000 to 3450 nm using an all-fiber based supercontinuum source. Multi-component gas detection is performed, and the concentrations of acetylene and methane are retrieved with sub-ppm accuracy. A linear response to nominal gas concentrations is observed, demonstrating the feasibility of the method for sensing applications.
Study of atmospheric pressure plasma jet parameters generated by DC voltage driven cold plasma source
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Shashurin Alexey
Published: August 2017

In this work, plasma and discharge parameters of a DC voltage driven cold plasma source were measured. The device exhibits a plasma jet with a length of 3 cm and a pulsation frequency of about 2.75 kHz. The peak current of each pulse was about 1.1 mA, and the duration was about 5 μs. The repetition rate could be increased by raising the DC voltage level. By utilizing the microwave scattering system, electron density in the plasma was measured to be about ∼1011 cm−3. Vibrational and rotational temperatures of atmospheric pressure plasma jets were also measured by optical emission spectroscopy. The vibrational temperature was measured to be 2850 K and rotational temperature to be 300 K at the applied voltage of 5 kV. No strong dependence of the temperatures was found with the DC voltage level.
Plasmonic amplification of photoacoustic waves detected using piezotransistive GaN microcantilevers
Authors: Khan Digangana , Bayram Ferhat , Gajula Durga , Talukdar Abdul , Li Hongmei , Koley Goutam
Published: August 2017

Strong enhancement in a photoacoustic signal due to plasmonic absorption in Au nanostructures was measured using piezotransistive GaN microcantilevers. A pulsed 790 nm laser focused on the Au metallization of the piezotransistor resulted in a much larger photoacoustic signal compared to the non-metallized areas. Upon deposition of a 5 nm Au layer, the photoacoustic signal increased significantly for both previously metallized and non-metallized areas, while 2 nm Ni deposition decreased the photoacoustic signal, confirming the role of Au nanostructures in facilitating plasmonic absorption. Infrared microscopy images covering the boundary of Au metallized and non-metallized surfaces indicated a much larger rise in temperature of the former region with laser exposure, explaining the generation of photoacoustic signals through plasmonic absorption.
Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Bismuth, Cobalt, Germanium, and Silicon
Authors: Assael M. J. , Antoniadis K. D. , Wakeham W. A. , Huber M. L. , Fukuyama H.
Published: August 2017

The available experimental data for the thermal conductivity of liquid bismuth, cobalt, germanium, and silicon have been critically examined with the intention of establishing thermal conductivity reference correlations. All experimental data have been categorized into primary and secondary data according to the quality of measurement specified by a series of criteria. The proposed standard reference correlations for the thermal conductivity of liquid bismuth, cobalt, germanium, and silicon are, respectively, characterized by uncertainties of 10%, 15%, 16%, and 9.5% at the 95% confidence level.
Reducing the cost of using collocation to compute vibrational energy levels: Results for CH2NH
Authors: Avila Gustavo , Carrington Tucker
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we improve the collocation method for computing vibrational spectra that was presented in the work of Avila and Carrington, Jr. [J. Chem. Phys. 143, 214108 (2015)]. Known quadrature and collocation methods using a Smolyak grid require storing intermediate vectors with more elements than points on the Smolyak grid. This is due to the fact that grid labels are constrained among themselves and basis labels are constrained among themselves. We show that by using the so-called hierarchical basis functions, one can significantly reduce the memory required. In this paper, the intermediate vectors have only as many elements as the Smolyak grid. The ideas are tested by computing energy levels of CH2NH.
Dynamic dispatch optimization of microgrid based on a QS-PSO algorithm
Authors: Cheng Shan , Su Gao Can , Zhao Long Long , Huang Tian Li
Published: August 2017

A microgrid (MG) has been regarded as an efficient way for integrating distributed generation sources (DGSs) into distribution systems, and the corresponding effective energy management is crucial to realize the benefits associated with MG. In general, most of the researches ignored the inherent coupling among the dispatch intervals. This study aims to establish a dynamic dispatch optimization model for reasonably scheduling the DGSs in the MG and to identify the optimal solution based on a swarm intelligence algorithm. With the introduction of the dynamic system theory, a dynamic multi-objective optimization model is established for minimizing the operation and maintenance cost of the MG, decreasing the pollutant emissions, and reducing the deprivation cost of the DGSs. In order to deal with this complex optimization problem with high-dimension variables and multiple constraints, an enhanced quorum sensing based particle swarm optimization (QS-PSO) algorithm, whose competitiveness has been verified, is successively applied for determining the optimal dispatch solution of the whole period, instead of dividing the entire dispatch period into a number of small time intervals via a static optimization approach. The results based on a series of numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the proposed dispatching model and QS-PSO application and demonstrate the superiority of dynamic operation optimization over the static optimization.
Chaotic magnetic field lines and spontaneous development of current sheets
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Bhattacharyya R. , Dasgupta B. , Janaki M. S.
Published: August 2017

The performed magnetohydrodynamic simulations aim to assess the influence of chaotic magnetic field lines on spontaneous generation of current sheets in an evolving viscous magnetofluid with infinite electrical conductivity. Suitable non-force-free initial fields having chaotic magnetic field lines are constructed by superposing two Arnold-Beltrami-Childress magnetic fields. The construction is such that the superposed field is devoid of any three or two-dimensional magnetic nulls, which are potential sites of current sheet development. Consequently, the notion of spontaneity can be attributed to any current sheet generated by the evolving magnetofluid. Moreover, to ensure the development to be spontaneous, the simulations are performed in congruence with Parker's magnetostatic theorem which necessitates an attainment of a terminal quasi-steady state and maintenance of flux-freezing to high fidelity. Importantly, the paper establishes spontaneous onset of volume distributed current sheets to be positively proportional to the strength of chaos in magnetic field lines. Evolution of more chaotic field lines is found to develop stronger current sheets which are more volume distributed. These localized current sheets are characterized by intense volume current density and hence a large electric field in the presence of magnetic diffusivity. An interesting scenario then develops, where more chaotic field lines can accelerate charged particles to greater kinetic energies than the field lines which are less chaotic.
Investigation of the impact of high liquid viscosity on jet atomization in crossflow via high-fidelity simulations
Authors: Li Xiaoyi , Gao Hui , Soteriou Marios C.
Published: August 2017

Atomization of extremely high viscosity liquid can be of interest for many applications in aerospace, automotive, pharmaceutical, and food industries. While detailed atomization measurements usually face grand challenges, high-fidelity numerical simulations offer the advantage to comprehensively explore the atomization details. In this work, a previously validated high-fidelity first-principle simulation code HiMIST is utilized to simulate high-viscosity liquid jet atomization in crossflow. The code is used to perform a parametric study of the atomization process in a wide range of Ohnesorge numbers (Oh = 0.004–2) and Weber numbers (We = 10–160). Direct comparisons between the present study and previously published low-viscosity jet in crossflow results are performed. The effects of viscous damping and slowing on jet penetration, liquid surface instabilities, ligament formation/breakup, and subsequent droplet formation are investigated. Complex variations in near-field and far-field jet penetrations with increasing Oh at different We are observed and linked with the underlying jet deformation and breakup physics. Transition in breakup regimes and increase in droplet size with increasing Oh are observed, mostly consistent with the literature reports. The detailed simulations elucidate a distinctive edge-ligament-breakup dominated process with long surviving ligaments for the higher Oh cases, as opposed to a two-stage edge-stripping/column-fracture process for the lower Oh counterparts. The trend of decreasing column deflection with increasing We is reversed as Oh increases. A predominantly unimodal droplet size distribution is predicted at higher Oh, in contrast to the bimodal distribution at lower Oh. It has been found that both Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz linear stability theories cannot be easily applied to interpret the distinct edge breakup process and further study of the underlying physics is needed.
Confinement, curvature, and attractive interaction effects on polymer surface adsorption
Authors: Chien Wei , Chen Yeng-Long
Published: August 2017

We investigate the conformation and dynamics of a semi-flexible polymer near an attractive plane or a cylindrical post using Langevin dynamics. We characterize the transition from the desorbed to absorbed state and quantify how absorption depends on the attraction interaction, polymer molecular weight, polymer flexibility, intra-polymer interaction, and micro-confinement. We find that the critical point of adsorption for ideal flexible polymers only weakly depends on confinement. However, the critical point of adsorption increases significantly for self-avoiding flexible polymers and under confinement, deviating from scaling theory predictions. These findings provide insights into DNA surface adsorption in nanoslits and nanochannels.
Hydrogen bond network rearrangement dynamics in water clusters: Effects of intermolecular vibrational excitation on tunneling rates
Authors: Cole William T. S. , Saykally Richard J.
Published: August 2017

Theoretical studies of hydrogen bond network rearrangement (HBNR) dynamics in liquid water have indicated that librational motions initiate the hydrogen bond breaking/formation processes. We present the results of using a simple time evolution method to extract and compare the tunneling lifetimes for motions that break and reform the hydrogen bond for the water dimer, trimer, and pentamer from the experimentally measured tunneling splittings in the ground and excited intermolecular vibrational states. We find that the specific nature of the intermolecular vibrational excitation does not significantly influence the tunneling lifetime of the dimer, but that only excitations to a librational vibration affect the water trimer and pentamer lifetimes. The specific enhancement of bifurcation tunneling in larger clusters relative to the dimer also indicates that hydrogen bond cooperativity is a vital element of these dynamics.