bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A CONSTRUÇÃO DO CONCEITO DE CRIME DE GENOCÍDIO NO TRIBUNAL PENAL AD HOC PARA A EX – IUGOSLÁVIA: O CASO SREBRENICA
Authors: Taquary Catharina Orbage de Britto , Taquary Eneida Orbage de Britto
Published: February 2017

Analisa a construção da tipificação do crime de genocídio no Tribunal Penal Ad Hoc para a Ex – Iugoslávia. A tipificação do crime de genocídio tem por objetivo ressaltar os seus elementos, que foram evidenciados no massacre de Srebrenica. No referido evento, o genocídio foi caracterizado pela morte de diversas pessoas dentre homens, criancas e mulheres que fossem de etnia diferente daSérvia. O ataque ao grupo étnico divergente caracterizou-se como limpeza étnica na forma de extermínio, que era antecedido por crimes de sequestros; redução à condição análoga de escravo; torturas e estupros. O crime de  genocídio caracteriza-se por um ataque generalizado a grupos nacionais, religiosos, étnicos e racionais, havendo ou não participação estatal ou financiamento por este a gruposarmados. No caso Srebrenica, objeto de análise, foi  constatado que o genocídio ocorrido possuía como elementos os crimes acima descritos.
INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A REVISTA CIENTÍFICA AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: February 2017

A Revista é de titularidade do Instituto de Ensino Superior de Rondônia/Faculdades Associadas de Ariquemes - IESUR/FAAr. Sua missão é publicar estudos epesquisas inéditas realizadas na área do Direito, preferencialmente no escopo das linhas editoriais, visando disseminar conhecimento científi co jurídico, estabelecida em dezembro do ano de 2012, após aprovação no Conselho Superior do IESUR/FAAr (CONSUP).O objetivo da Revista AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law é a a interrelação entre a ciência e a prática jurídica, em face da formação integral dos profissionais da área. Para efetivar o seu objetivo, buscam-se articulistas e/ou pesquisadores que investiguem as possíveis formas em que o Direito possa contribuir para a edifi cação da consciência social e a formação de valores em face das novas relações estabelecidas entre a Sociedade e o Estado.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira David Alves
Published: February 2017

Editorial do vol.4, n. 1 da Revista AREL FAAr
ESTUDO DA CONTAMINAÇÃO DIFUSA DA ÁGUA NAS LEIS DA UNIÃO EUROPEIA
Authors: De Souza Maria Cláudia Da Silva Antunes , Giménez Andrés Molina
Published: February 2017

RESUMEN: Esta investigación tiene como objeto análisis de la contaminación difusa del agua en los ordenamientos en la Unión Europea. Probablemente es la mayor amenaza actual para la protección de la calidad ambiental de las masas de agua, y probablemente una de las más difíciles de abordar en términos jurídicos. Como objetivoes analizarla contaminación difusa del agua de la Unión Europea. Justificado el estudio antes de las características propias y específicas que conforman la regulación de la contaminación difusa, la política agraria ComúnEuropea y acuerdos ambientales. En la metodologíafue utilizado el método inductivo en la fase de investigación; en la fase de tratamiento de datos el método cartesiano y en el informe de la pesquisa fue empleada la base inductiva.  Fueron también accionadas las técnicas del referente, de la categoría, de los conceptos operacionales, de la investigación bibliográfica y del registro de datos.RESUMO: Esta pesquisa tem como objeto a análise da contaminação difusa da água nas leis da União Europeia. Provavelmente é a maior ameaça atual para a proteção da qualidade ambiental das massas de água e uma das mais difíceis de abordar em termos jurídicos. O objetivo do estudo é analisar a contaminação difusa da água na União Europeia. Justifi ca-se o estudo ante as características próprias e específi cas que conformam a regulação da contaminação difusa, a política agrária comum europeia e acordos ambientais. Na metodologia foi utilizado o método indutivo na fase de investigação; na fase de tratamento dos dados, o método cartesiano, e no informe da pesquisa foi empregada a base indutiva. Foram também acionadas as técnicas do referente, da categoria, dos conceitos operacionais, da investigação bibliográfi ca e dos registros dos dados.
A MILICA: CONSTITUIÇÃO DE 1967, ANTICOMUNISMO E SEGURANÇA NACIONAL
Authors: Torres Mateus Gamba
Published: February 2017

O presente artigo trata das relações entre direito, justiça e política durante a ditadura militar, mais especificamente no que se refere à elaboração da Constituição Outorgada de 1967. Como Carta Política a Constituição ditatorial, que aqui apelidamos de “A Milica” devido a sua origem, traz em seu bojo o conceito da Doutrina de Segurança Nacional, fundamentando politicamente e juridicamente as restrições democráticas, relativizando direitos e garantias constitucionais de 1946. Verifica-se como a Guerra Fria e o anticomunismo conseguem espaços determinantes na teoria constitucional que se estabelece, assim como apoio e fundamentações teóricas de juristas de renome na época.
SOCIOAMBIENTALISMO E CONSUMO CONSCIENTE NA SOCIEDADE DO ESPETÁCULO
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Hayama Andrew Toshio
Published: February 2017

Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, o objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar o lugar do socioambientalismo e do consumo frente a diversas teorias trabalhadas por doutrinadores renomados. Deste modo, ao longo do trabalho, analisar-se-ão bases teóricas de autores como John Locke, Guy Debord, Michael Lowy, Serge Latouche e Efing. À conclusão do artigo, evidencia-se a existência de categorias diferentes de consumo, dando preferência ao consumo consciente frente aos demais.
ESTUDO DE CASO DE JURIMETRIA
Authors: Alvarez dos Santos Fernando Rangel
Published: February 2017

O problema estudado é a heterogeneidade na metodologia dos cálculos de juros moratórios e cláusulas penais nos contratos de mútuos bancários em débitos judiciais praticados pelos Tribunais brasileiros. O tema da jurismetria alcança relevância em face do volume de processos contestando a falta de critérios homogêneos de cálculo das verbas acessórias. O objetivo da pesquisa é apreciar ediscutir os parâmetrosmetodológicos de cálculo dos contratos de mútuo bancário. As abordagens metodológicas são: (i) revisão bibliográfica e (ii) análi-se dos dados secundários dos sites oficiais dos Tribunais de Justiça e dos Tribunais Regionais Federais. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa e os resultados apontam para a adoção de um critério único a se formulado pelo Conselho Nacional de Justiça, o que foi apresentado em audiência pública  realizada em Brasília.
BASES TEÓRICAS DA FUNCIONALIZAÇÃO OU INSTRUMENTALIDADE DE PERSPECTIVA UTILITÁRIA NO SÉCULO XX- ERAS MODERNA E CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Dalto Hudson Augusto
Published: February 2017

Na atualidade, diante da descentralização das atividades estatais para a iniciativa privada, o Estado passou de executor e protetor das garantias e princípios constitucionais para fiscalizador e interventor das atividades empresariais. A força dessas mudanças conceituais e o forte impacto nas estruturas básicas da propriedade, do contrato e da empresa havidos na sociedade mundializada geram situações no direito e na economia mundial que transformaram as ideologias do século XX, durante e após as grandes guerras, o que delimitará o escopo da pesquisa. Na perspectiva utilitária, a função social é observada em seu desenvolvimento no sistema capitalista.
INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A REVISTA CIENTÍFICA AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law
Authors: Conselho Editorial CE
Published: February 2017

A Revista é de titularidade do Instituto de Ensino Superior de Rondônia/Faculdades Associadas de Ariquemes - IESUR/FAAr. Sua missão é publicar estudos e pesquisas inéditas realizadas na área do Direito, preferencialmente no escopo das linhas editoriais, visando disseminar conhecimento científi co jurídico, estabelecida em dezembro do ano de 2012, após aprovação no Conselho Superior do IESUR/FAAr (CONSUP). O objetivo da Revista AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law é a a interrelação entre a ciência e a prática jurídica, em face da formação integral dos profi ssionais da área. Para efetivar o seu objetivo, buscam-se articulistas e/ou pesquisadores que investiguem as possíveis formas em que o Direito possa contribuir para a edificação da consciência social e a formação de valores em face das novas relações estabelecidas entre a Sociedade e o Estado.
Editorial
Authors: Moreira David Alves
Published: February 2017

Editorial Revista Arel, vol. 4, n.3, Set. 2016.
A INCONSTITUCIONALIDADE DA VAQUEJADA: UMA ANÁLISE DA DIGNIDADE ANIMAL SOBRE A ADI Nº. 4983 E A LEI ESTADUAL Nº. 15.299/13
Authors: Almeida Silva Tagore Trajano de , Vieira Laira Correia de Andrade
Published: February 2017

A CF/88 tutela em seu art. 225 a proteção de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, da fauna e da flora, vedando qualquer tipo de atividade que submeta animais à crueldade. Por outro lado, a CF/88 estabeleceque é deverdo Estado garantir a todos o exercício dos direitos culturais e acesso às fontes da cultura nacional, apoiando-as e incentivando-as. A vaquejada faz parte da cultura de regiões do Estado brasileiro. Porém, ao mesmo tempo, a práticaviola a proteção constitucional do Direito Animal, criando um sério conflito aparente de normas equipolentes. Este ensaio pretende fazer uma análise técnica a respeito da declaração da inconstitucionalidade material da Lei Estadual nº. 15.299/13,abordando elementos essenciais sobre a Teoria Geral do Controle de Constitucionalidade em paralelo com os fundamentos da Teoria Constitucional do Direito Animal,partindo de uma discussão a respeito da dignidade sob o viés de Kant e ampliando tal conceito a partir dasteorias de Hans Jones e Tom Regan,concluindo sobre a abordagem fraternal dos direitos de terceira geraçãona sociedade atual, circunstâncias estas consignadas nas manifestações do STF, acolhendo a tese de um Direito Animal Constitucional ao proibir qualquer forma de crueldade com animais, ainda que decorrentes da cultura.
AUDIÊNCIA DE CUSTÓDIA, UM DIREITO INTERNACIONALMENTE RESPEITADO
Authors: De Oliveira Thiago Aleluia Ferreira
Published: February 2017

A prisão – seja ela definitiva ou cautelar – tem se revelado incapaz de solucionar o problema de segurança pública que afeta nosso país e que tanto permeia o debate político, mesmo com a reforma operada pela Lei  12.403/2011. Já ultrapassamos a nefasta cifra de mais de 500 mil presos. Assim, observa-se que a chamada audiência de custódia que, exige a apresentação do acusado a um juizimediatamente após sua prisão, pode representar a solução para esse drama que assola o sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro, constituindo um filtro da porta de entrada dos encarceramentos. Imbuído desse espirito de humanização do sistema, o Conselho Nacional de Justiça, em parceria com o Ministério da Justiça e Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, desenvolveu um projeto para implementar o instituto da audiência de custódia no judiciário, utilizando como piloto o Estado de São Paulo. Metodologicamente, no presente trabalho, serão analisados os contornos e aspectos desse direito à luz de diversos tratados internacionais de direitos humanos e de legislações latino-americanas, concluindo-se, ao final, que apesar da insuficiência do normativo interno, é possível a sua implementação no Brasil a partir de um controle de convencionalidade das normas contidas no código de processo penal vigente.
A EDUCAÇÃO A DISTÂNCIA NO BRASIL COMO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL A EDUCAÇÃO: FONTES NORMATIVAS
Authors: Fisciletti Rossana Marina De Seta
Published: February 2017

Propõe-se a apresentar um panorama da evolução histórica da Educação a Distância (EaD), na qualidade de direito fundamental, analisando o comportamento do legislador quanto à diferença entre os termos “educação”, “Instrução”e “Ensino”, as gerações da EaD, seus aspectos constitucionais, osrequisitos legais para implantação desta modalidade. Descrever as principais legislações que cuidamdo tema, como os Decretos nº 5.622/2005 e 5.773/2006 e a Lei nº 9.394/96 (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional), o Projeto de Resolução das Diretrizes e Normas Nacionais para a oferta de Programas e Cursos de Educação Superior na Modalidade a Distânciae os Referenciais de qualidade para Educação Superior a Distância (BRASIL, 2007), o que foi mandatório para o reconhecimento do EAD como um dos mais importantes Direitos Fundamentais no Brasil. A metodologia da pesquisa empregada é a revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema e o estado da arte.
UMA ABORDAGEM SOBRE AS POLÍTICAS NACIONAL E ESTADUAIS DE RESÍDUOS NO BRASIL: A RASTREABILIDADE DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS PERIGOSOS
Authors: Brasil Felipe Da Costa , De Matos Erika Tavares Amaral Rabelo
Published: February 2017

A questão da quantidade e da periculosidade dos resíduos gerados pelasociedade moderna, bem como sua destinação e disposição final ambientalmente adequadas são um tema de grande relevância. O objetivo geral é analisar o atual modelo de Rastreabilidade de Resíduos Sólidos Perigosos no Brasil em nos Estados. A metodologia utilizada foi arevisão bibliográfica e da legislação Federal e das 27 Unidades da Federação vigentes. Bem como foram analisados os dados obtidos nos sites das 18 Unidades da Federação que possuem legislação específica sobre resíduos. Dentre os 18 Estados estudados, apenas 6 apresentam mecanismos efetivos de rastreabilidade de resíduos perigosos. O Estado de São Paulo destaca-se e se encontra mais adiantado em relação aos demais. Dentre os 6 Estados que possuem algum mecanismo de rastreabilidade de resíduos perigosos 5 possuem Sistemas semelhantes, baseados em documentos impressos. A questão da rastreabilidade de resíduos sólidos perigosos no Brasil está apenas em uma fase inicial. Não tendo a maior parte dos Estados brasileiros um mecanismo efetivo para controle da destinação ou disposição final ambientalmente adequada conforme a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos.
INFORMAÇÕES SOBRE A REVISTA CIENTÍFICA AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law
Authors: Conselho Editorial CE
Published: February 2017

A Revista é de titularidade do Instituto de Ensino Superior de Rondônia/Faculdades Associadas de Ariquemes - IESUR/FAAr. Sua missão é publicar estudos e pesquisas inéditas realizadas na área do Direito, preferencialmente no escopo das linhas editoriais, visando disseminar conhecimento científi co jurídico, estabelecida em dezembro do ano de 2012, após aprovação no Conselho Superior do IESUR/ FAAr (CONSUP). O objetivo da Revista AREL FAAr - Amazon’s Research and Environmental Law é a a interrelação entre a ciência e a prática jurídica, em face da formação integral dos profi ssionais da área. Para efetivar o seu objetivo, buscam-se articulistas e/ou pesquisadores que investiguem as possíveis formas em que o Direito possa contribuir para a edifi cação da consciência social e a formação de valores em face das novas relações estabelecidas entre a Sociedade e o Estado.
A single nucleotide polymorphism possibly associated with fat deposition is methylated in the bovine TFAM promoter
Authors: KUNEJ Tanja , WANG Zeping , MICHAL Jennifer J. , DOVČ Peter , MAGNUSON Nancy S. , JIANG Zhihua
Published: February 2017

Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein that plays an important role in energy metabolism and is a candidate gene for fat deposition in cattle and human. In the present study, we characterized the methylation status of bovine TFAM promoter flanking the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs42159487C>T, previously reported to affect fat deposition. Our results showed that the cytosine at this SNP position is methylated and therefore results in gain/loss of the functional CpG locus (5mC>T). Promoter constructs developed based on three TFAM SNPs showed that the C/C/C haplotype associated with fat deposition in beef cattle had lower promoter function/activity than A/T/T haplotype. Our results imply that genetic variability underlying gain/loss of the CpG sites in the nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins might be good candidate loci for fat deposition phenotypes.
Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening tests
Authors: HADEF Leyla , AGGAD Hebib , HAMAD Brahim , MAHMOUD Mohamed Said , ADAIKA Aicha
Published: February 2017

The aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72.61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions.
Analysis of type traits of Cika first calving cows
Authors: SIMČIČ Mojca , ŠTEPEC Miran , LOGAR Betka , POTOČNIK Klemen , TERČIČ Dušan
Published: February 2017

The aim of the study was to analyse type traits in 1,086 first-calving Cika cows. Statistical model was analysed by GLM procedure in SAS/STAT statistical package, which included the fixed effect of scoring year, and age at scoring and days after calving as linear regressions. First-calving cows were on average 126.5 cm high at the withers at the age of 33.9 months, which clearly shows that it belongs to small to medium body sized cattle. The largest proportion of the variability was explained in the measured traits of the body frame (0.14–0.17). The explained proportion of variability among individual traits of autochthonous was between 0.03 and 0.07, while 0.12 in the composite trait of autochthonous. We found out that type traits and therefore the classification of animals were significantly affected at least the following effects: the scoring year, age and stage of lactation. Classification of animals into the appropriate type, should therefore, be carried out after exclusion of the environmental effects. This would give a more accurate classification of Cika first-calving cows.
Lipolysis profile of some non-European raw milk cheese varieties: a review
Authors: GEORGALA Aikaterini
Published: February 2017

This review focuses on the lipolysis profile of some non European raw milk cheese varieties. Lipolysis data of some traditional/artisanal non-European raw milk cheeses such as cheeses ripened in an animal skin, cheeses ripened in brine, cheeses produced in small scale by local dairies etc., are collected and presented in this study. The main characteristics of these cheeses and their lipolysis profile in general are discussed. Factors such as the type of cheese, the technology applied for cheese making and the age of cheese are shown to influence the lipolysis profile.
Indoor climatic status during winter conditions in dairy herds in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: ERBEZ Miljan , VAŽIĆ Božo , BØE Knut Egil , RUUD Lars Erik
Published: February 2017

The aim of this cross-sectional field study was to describe climatic status in dairy barns during winter conditions both in lowland and in mountainous regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While all the mountain herds had tie-stall systems (MT), eight of the lowland herds had group housing systems (LG) and the remaining 30 herds had tie-stall systems (LT). The mean indoor air temperature (Ti) was around 10 °C across types of barns and in all herds Ti was above 0 °C. The mean relative air humidity (RH) was actually highest in the LT-group, but within the recommended level for both LG, LT and MT barns. At the 15 % of the MT barns, 17 % of the LT barns and 38 % of the LG barns the air velocity was > 0.2 m/s. The level of NH3 was quite low in all groups of barns, although somewhat higher in LT-barns. In none of the barns the level of NH3 exceeded 3 ppm. Only in one barn (a MT-barn) the level of CO2 exceeded 3000 ppm. We conclude that the climatic status in most dairy barns in Bosnia and Herzegovina during winter seem to be acceptable.
Quad channel software defined receiver for passive radar application
Authors: Pető Tamás , Seller Rudolf
Published: February 2017

In recent times the growing utilization of the electromagnetic environment brings the passive radar researches more and more to the fore. For the utilization of the wide range of illuminators of opportunity the application of wideband radio receivers is required. At the same time the multichannel receiver structure has also critical importance in target direction finding and interference suppression. This paper presents the development of a multichannel software defined receiver specifically for passive radar applications. One of the relevant feature of the developed receiver platform is its up-to-date SoC (System on hip) based structure, which greatly enhance the integration and signal processing capacity of the system, all while keeping the costs low. The software defined operation of the discussed receiver system is demonstrated with using DVB-T (Digital Video Broadcast – Terrestrial) signal as illuminator of opportunity. During this demonstration the multichannel capabilities of the realized system are also tested with real data using direction finding and beamforming algorithms.
A new cast-resin transformer thermal model based on recurrent neural networks
Authors: Azizian Davood , Bigdeli Mehdi
Published: February 2017

Thermal modeling in the transient condition is very important for cast-resin dry-type transformers. In the present research, two novel dynamic thermal models have been introduced for the cast-resin dry-type transformer. These models are based on two artificial neural networks: the Elman recurrent networks (ELRN) and the nonlinear autoregressive model process with exogenous input (NARX). Using the experimental data, the introduced neural network thermal models have been trained. By selecting a typical transformer, the trained thermal models are validated using additional experimental results and the traditional thermal models. It is shown that the introduced neural network based thermal models have a good performance in temperature prediction of the winding and the cooling air in the cast-resin dry-type transformer. The introduced thermal models are more accurate for the temperature analysis of this transformer and they will be trained easily. Finally, the trained and validated thermal models are employed to evaluate the life-time and the reliability of a typical cast-resin dry-type transformer.
A novel rotor design for a hybrid excited synchronous machine
Authors: Paplicki Piotr
Published: February 2017

The paper presents three novel rotor design concepts for a three-phase electric controlled permanent magnet synchronous machine (ECPMS-machine) with hybrid excitation. The influence of magnets and flux-barriers arrangement on the magnetic field distribution and field-weakening characteristics of the machine is examined, based on a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Moreover, a prototype rotor design based on a new rotor concept with a good field-weakening capability is presented in detail. Finally, the experimental results of no-load back electromotive force (back-EMF) waveforms and field-weakening characteristics versus a control coil current of the machine are reported.
A new algebraic LQR weight selection algorithm for tracking control of 2 DoF torsion system
Authors: Kumar Elumalai Vinodh , Ganapathy Subramanian Raaja
Published: February 2017

This paper proposes a novel linear quadratic regulator (LQR) weight selection algorithm by synthesizing the algebraic Riccati equation (ARE) with the Lagrange multiplier method for command following applications of a 2 degree of freedom (DoF) torsion system. The optimal performance of LQR greatly depends on the elements of weighting matrices Q and R. However, normally these weighting matrices are chosen by a trial and error approach which is not only time consuming but cumbersome. Hence, to address this issue, blending the design criteria in time domain with the ARE, we put forward an algebraic weight selection algorithm, which makes the LQR design both simple and modular. Moreover, to estimate the velocity of a servo angle, a high gain observer (HGO) is designed and integrated with the LQR control scheme. The efficacy of the proposed control scheme is tested on a benchmark 2 DoF torsion system for a trajectory tracking application. Both the steady state and dynamic characteristics of the proposed controller are assessed. The experimental results accentuate that the proposed HGO based LQR scheme can guarantee the system to attain the design requirements with minimal vibrations and tracking errors.
Optimal load distribution estimation for fault location in electric power distribution systems
Authors: Menchafou Youssef , Zahri Mustapha , Habibi Mohamed , El Markhi Hassane
Published: February 2017

Accurate fault location in an electric power distribution system (EPDS) is important in maintaining system reliability. Diverse methods have been proposed in the past. These methods whither require measurements at each load point or use single-step loads compensation, which is hardly available in practical uses. In this paper, a simple technique to bypass the load problems is proposed. The method requires calculating an optimal load distribution using the total load seen from the substation (The rated power of distribution transformers) and the network topology. The optimal load distribution is used as a fictive distribution to replace the real unknown one in fault location (FL) algorithms. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated using a mathematical formulation first, and next, by several simulations with a classic iterative fault location algorithm. The test results are obtained from the numerical simulation using the data of a distribution line recognized in the literature.
Detection of single and multiple IGBTs open-circuit faults in a field-oriented controlled induction motor drive
Authors: Sobański Piotr , Orłowska-Kowalska Teresa
Published: February 2017

In this paper a transistor open-circuit fault diagnosis method in a rotor field oriented controlled induction motor drive, fed by a two-level voltage inverter has been proposed. The diagnostic procedure ensures detection and localization of single or multiple power switch failures in time shorter than one period of a stator current fundamental harmonic, without regard to a drive operation point. A new simple scheme of the diagnostic system is proposed. In order to validate the proposed transistor fault diagnostic method, a detailed simulation as well as experimental tests of the field-oriented control drive system were carried out and some of them are shown in this paper.
Condition monitoring of induction motor bearing based on bearing damage index
Authors: Patel R.K. , Giri V.K.
Published: February 2017

The rolling element bearings are used broadly in many machinery applications. It is used to support the load and preserve the clearance between stationary and rotating machinery elements. Unfortunately, rolling element bearings are exceedingly prone to premature failures. Vibration signal analysis has been widely used in the faults detection of rotating machinery and can be broadly classified as being a stationary or non-stationary signal. In the case of the faulty rolling element bearing the vibration signal is not strictly phase locked to the rotational speed of the shaft and become “transient” in nature. The purpose of this paper is to briefly discuss the identification of an Inner Raceway Fault (IRF) and an Outer Raceway Fault (ORF) with the different fault severity levels. The conventional statistical analysis was only able to detect the existence of a fault but unable to discriminate between IRF and ORF. In the present work, a detection technique named as bearing damage index (BDI) has been proposed. The proposed BDI technique uses wavelet packet node energy coefficient analysis method. The well-known combination of Hilbert transform (HT) and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been carried out in order to identify the IRF and ORF faults. The results show that wavelet packet node energy coefficients are not only sensitive to detect the faults in bearing but at the same time they are able to detect the severity level of the fault. The proposed bearing damage index method for fault identification may be considered as an ‘index’ representing the health condition of rotating machines.
Comparison of higher harmonic contents in salient pole synchronous generator with different rotor construction
Authors: Ludwinek Krzysztof , Nadolski Roman , Staszak Jan
Published: February 2017

The paper presents a comparison of higher harmonics in induced phase voltages of a stator winding in the no-load state of a three-phase 5.5 kVA salient pole synchronous generator. The comparison is carried out for the synchronous generator with different salient pole rotor constructions: a non-skewed solid rotor, a non-skewed solid rotor with radial incisions, and a laminated electrotechnical steel rotor with skewed slots and damping bars. The calculations of higher harmonics are based on the magnetic field distributions in the air gap, which are carried out in a 2D model in a FEMM program and on the induced voltage waveforms in the stator windings registered during experimental investigations of the 5.5 kVA salient pole synchronous generator in the no-load state.
Influence of output conductance on characteristic frequencies of switch mode BUCK and BOOST converter
Authors: Janke Włodzimierz , Walczak Marcin
Published: February 2017

Characteristic frequencies corresponding to poles and zeros of small-signal control-to-output transfer functions of popular DC-DC converters (BUCK and BOOST) are analyzed. The main attention is paid to influence of load conductance on the characteristic frequencies for converters working in continuous conduction mode (CCM) as well as in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). Parasitic resistances of all converter components are included in calculations. In addition the improved description of CCM-DCM boundary is presented. The calculations are verified experimentally and good consistency of the results is observed.
Third harmonic current injection into highly saturated multi-phase machines
Authors: Klute Felix , Jonsky Torben
Published: February 2017

One advantage of multi-phase machines is the possibility to use the third harmonic of the rotor flux for additional torque generation. This effect can be maximised for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM) with a high third harmonic content in the magnet flux. This paper discusses the effects of third harmonic current injection (THCI) on a five-phase PMSM with a conventional magnet shape depending on saturation. The effects of THCI in five-phase machines are shown in a 2D FEM model in Ansys Maxwell verified by measurement results. The results of the FEM model are analytically analysed using the Park model. It is shown in simulation and measurement that the torque improvement by THCI increases significantly with the saturation level, as the amplitude of the third harmonic flux linkage increases with the saturation level but the phase shift of the rotor flux linkage has to be considered. This paper gives a detailed analysis of saturation mechanisms of PMSM, which can be used for optimizing the efficiency in operating points of high saturations, without using special magnet shapes.
Thermal analysis of Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine (DSSRM) with and without a squirrel cage rotor
Authors: Abbasian Mohammadali , Jalali Hadi
Published: February 2017

Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine (DSSRM) is a novel switched reluctance machine with limited information about its heat distribution and dissipation. This paper presents a two dimensional (2-D) thermal analysis of Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine (DSSRM) to observe actual heat distribution in the parts of the machine, using Finite Element Method (FEM). Two topologies for the rotor of DSSRM are considered, Non-Squirrel Cage Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine (NSC-DSSRM) and Squirrel Cage Double Stator Switched Reluctance Machine (SC-DSSRM). The heat distribution of these two topologies is analyzed, using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Finally the results are presented and compared.
Asynchronous slip-ring motor synchronized with permanent magnets
Authors: Glinka Tadeusz , Bernatt Jakub
Published: February 2017

The electric LSPMSM motor presented in the paper differs from standard induction motor by rotor design. The insulated start-up winding is located in slots along the rotor circumference. The winding ends are connected to the slip-rings. The rotor core contains permanent magnets. The electromechanical characteristics for synchronous operation were calculated, as were the start-up characteristics for operation with a short-circuited rotor winding. Two model motors were used for the calculations, the V-shaped Permanent Magnet (VPM) – Fig. 3, and the Linear Permanent Magnet (IPM) – Fig. 4, both rated at 14.5 kW. The advantages of the investigated motor are demonstrated in the conclusions.
Effect of Filament Fineness on Composite Yarn Residual Torque
Authors: Sarıoğlu Esin , Babaarslan Osman , Avcı Münevver Ertek
Published: February 2017

Yarn residual torque or twist liveliness occurs when the twist is imparted to spin the fibers during yarn formation. It causes yarn snarling, which is an undesirable property and can lead the problems for further processes such as weaving and knitting. It affects the spirality of knitted fabrics and skewness of woven fabrics. Generally, yarn residual torque depends on yarn twist, yarn linear density, and fiber properties used. Composite yarns are widely produced to exploit two yarns with different properties such on optimum way at the same time and these yarns can be produced by wrapping sheath fibers around filament core fiber with a certain twist. In this study, the effect of filament fineness used as core component of composite yarn on residual torque was analyzed. Thus, the false twist textured polyester filament yarns with different filament fineness were used to produce composite yarns with different yarn count. The variance analysis was performed to determine the significance of twist liveliness of filament yarns and yarn count on yarn twist liveliness. Results showed that there is a statistically significant differences at significance level of α=0.05 between filament fineness and yarn residual torque of composite yarns.
Identification of the Process of Dynamic Stretching of Threads in Warp-Knitting Technology
Authors: Prążyńska Aleksandra , Mikołajczyk Zbigniew
Published: February 2017

The publication presents a theoretical study of the susceptibility of rheological models of threads to dynamic stretching in the context of modern, highly efficient textile technologies. Input parameters of the four analyzed models, the Kelvin-Voigt model, the Maxwell model, Standard model 2, and the Zener model, corresponded to the actual values of the coefficients of viscosity, elasticity, kinematic and dynamic loading, and stretching speed for the analyzed polyester silk threads produced in a knitting process, with knitting speeds from 700 to 1,600 courses/min. The research proves that the tested thread models behave differently in the stretching process-the Kelvin-Voigt model is sensitive to both the increases in kinematic loading and viscosity coefficient, Standard model 2 is only susceptible to dynamic stiffness, and the Zener model is significantly sensitive to kinematic loading. All responses of the models increase with the increase in stretching speeds. The obtained results indicate substantial “accuracy tolerance” in setting input parameters while identifying dynamics of the knitting process on warp-knitting machines.
Thermal and Flame Retardant Properties of Shaped Polypropylene Fibers Containing Modified-Thai Bentonite
Authors: Prahsarn Chureerat , Roungpaisan Nanjaporn , Klinsukhon Wattana , Suwannamek Natthaphop , Padee Sirada
Published: February 2017

Tetraphenyl phosphonium-modified organoclay (TPP-Mt) was prepared by modifying montmorillonite-rich Thai bentonite via ion exchange. TGA results revealed that TPP-Mt possessed high thermal stability, where degradation occurred at a temperature range of 418-576°C. The obtained TPP-Mt/PP nanocomposites exhibited degradation at higher temperatures than PP (410-420°C vs. 403°C). Fibers of different cross-sectional shapes (circular, circular hollow, and cross) containing 1, 2 and 3%wt TPP-Mt were prepared and characterized. Nonwovens of 3%wt TPPMt/PP fibers were fabricated for flame retardant test. From results, nonwovens of TPP-Mt/PP fibers exhibited self-extinguishing characteristic and the areas of burning were less than that of PP nonwoven (14.5-31.6% vs. 95.6%). Nonwovens of cross-shaped fibers showed the best flame retardant property, followed by those of circular hollow and circular fibers. The flame retardant properties observed in nonwovens were explained due to the inter-fiber spaces between cross-shaped fibers and center hole in circular hollow fibers, which could trap initiating radicals inside, thus reducing flame propagation. In addition, large surface area in cross-shaped fibers could help in increasing the flame retardant effectiveness due to more exposure of TPP-Mt particles to the flame. Knowledge obtained in this study offered an approach to produce flame retardant nonwovens via a combination of modified organolcay and fiber shape.
Morphology, anatomy and karyology of endangered Turkish endemic Physoptychis haussknechtii Bornm. (Brassicaceae) from Central Anatolia
Authors: Tekin Mehmet , Martin Esra
Published: February 2017

In this study, the morphology, anatomy, pollen morphology, leaf and seed micromorphology and karyology of the Turkish endangered endemic Physoptychis haussknechtii were investigated in detail for the first time. The species was studied in terms of detailed morphology. Basal leaves are narrowly spatulate and cauline leaves are linear to oblanceolate; both leaves are covered with flattened stalked five-armed trichomes. Raceme length was found to be up to 6 cm and 9 cm in the flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Sepals are linear-oblong, rarely elliptic with obtuse to subacute apex. Petals are spatulate with emarginate apex. Some morphological characteristics such as dimensions of cauline leaves and ovary and length of pistil were measured for the first time. In an anatomical study, root, stem, basal leaf and cauline leaf were examined. The anatomical results showed that the plants have secondary growth in roots, primary growth in stems, amphistomatic and equifacial basal and cauline leaves with anisocytic stomata. Pollen grains are radial symmetrical, isopolar and tricolpate. The ratio of polar axis to equatorial diameter is 1.16, and pollen shape is subprolate. Exine sculpturing is reticulate under light microscope and scanning electron microscope. Seeds are obovatesuborbicular, compressed and pale brown. The chromosome number of P. haussknechtii was defined to be 2n=16. The karyotype formula of P. haussknechtii consists of five metacentric chromosome pairs and three submetacentric chromosome pairs.
Five new alien species in the flora of Montenegro: Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt., Ipomoea indica (Burm.) Merr., Lupinus × regalis Bergmans, Physalis angulata L., and Solidago canadensis L. and new possible threats to the biodiversity
Authors: Stešević Danijela , Bubanja Nada
Published: February 2017

The alien flora of Montenegro is enlarged by 5 new species: Coreopsis tinctoria, Ipomoea indica, Lupinus × regalis, Physalis angulata, and Solidago canadensis. All species are grown as ornamentals, and thus horticulture is considered the most possible pathway for their introduction. Nevertheless, in the case of Physalis angulata, the occurrence might have originated in the remains of picnic meals. In order to define the alien status of these species, monitoring is needed, and thus we propose including the species on the National List of Indicators in environmental protection. Special attention should be paid to the species with invasive potentials: Solidago canadensis, Ipomoea indica and Physalis angulata.
Structure of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum L.
Authors: Weryszko-Chmielewska Elżbieta , Chwil Mirosława
Published: February 2017

Representatives of the family Sapindaceae exhibit high morphological diversity of the nectary structure. The present paper shows for the first time the results of micromorphological, anatomical, and ultrastructural analyses of floral nectaries in Aesculus hippocastanum. We have also described the forage and signal attractants of these flowers, which are important for the ecology of pollination. Using light, fluorescence, and electron microscopy, we demonstrated that the A. hippocastanum nectary forming a lobed disc is histologically differentiated into the epidermis with stomata, nectariferous parenchyma, subglandular parenchyma, and vascular bundles reaching the basal part of the nectariferous parenchyma. The use of histochemical assays revealed the presence of insoluble polysaccharides, lipids, terpenoids, and polyphenols including coumarins in the nectary tissues. Nectar is exuded onto the nectary surface via stomata and the permeable cuticle. As indicated by the observation of the ultrastructure of the nectary cells, transport of pre-nectar into parenchymal cells may proceed via the symplast and apoplast. We have also demonstrated that nectar transfer outside the protoplasts of parenchymal cells has a character of granulocrine secretion. A. hippocastanum flowers produce nectar abundantly; one flower secreted on average 2.64 mg of nectar and the concentration of sugars in the nectar was 33%.
Microsatellite allele length variations in inter-specific hybrids of Eucalyptus
Authors: Sumathi Murugan , Ramasamy Yasodha
Published: February 2017

The genus Eucalyptus encompasses several species of industrial importance. Many of these species have been subjected to genetic characterization using different kinds of DNA markers. More than 1000 microsatellites have been identified from the genome of eucalypts and they are highly amenable for cross species transferability. During cross amplification of microsatellites, homoplasy is reported in many species in which although the allele size might be the same, the sequences are not. Thus, it is essential to ascertain the DNA sequence homology with source and target microsatellite repeats. Accordingly, fifty five alleles from six microsatellite loci (ECc1, ECc2, Eg61, Embra100, Embra1468 and Embra2002) were amplified in two inter-specific hybrid populations (Eucalyptus tereticornis × E. grandis and E. tereticornis × E. camaldulensis) and sequenced. The results showed that all the microsatellite loci were amplifying the target repeat types except for the loci Eg61 and Embra2002. The locus Eg61 has target repeat of (CAA)(GAT) but the sampled alleles had either (CAA)(GAT) or (GAT) alone. Similarly, the Embra2002 locus was targeting interrupting repeats of (CCA)..(CCA), but the sequenced alleles had repeats of (CCA) with or without interruption. Nevertheless, the allele size estimated in electrophoresis for hybrids was in conformity with that of the parent alleles. This study suggests the need for validation of the repeat characteristics of microsatellites by sequencing of the alleles particularly in cross species amplification.
Do benthic diatom assemblages reflect abiotic typology: a case study of Croatian streams and rivers
Authors: Borojević Koraljka Kralj , Udovič Marija Gligora , Žutinić Petar , Várbíró Gábor , Plenković-Moraj Anđelka
Published: February 2017

Benthic diatoms are widely used in Europe and worldwide to access ecological status of running waters. One of key goals of Water Framework Directive is to classify rivers and streams using biological quality elements and type specific reference conditions. According to system B which incorporates additional abiotic descriptors, there are 24 water types in Croatia. For biological analyses 92 rivers and streams with 140 sampling points were chosen and sampled for benthic diatoms and water chemistry simultaneously. Self organizing map (SOM) analysis was used to define biotypes from species composition and abundance of benthic diatoms. Grouping of samples in SOM resulted in 10 distinctive groups. Based on their geographical position and site characteristics, groups represent sites with similar properties (as waterbed, catchment size, altitude, size of stream) belonging to different ecoregions in Croatia. Analysis of variance revealed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) among SOM groups concerning ammonia, nitrates and total phosphorus. Indicator species analysis (IndVal) singled out species that were significantly characteristic (p<0.05) for SOM and abiotic types. Compared to abiotic groups, in which 7 out of 24 have no indicator species, all SOM groups have one or several characteristic diatom species, thus indicating diatom assemblages as valuable site descriptors. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates analysis also indicated that SOM grouping of samples is statistically reliable. Grouping of similar sites, although placed into different abiotic types, makes SOM groups with its corresponding representative species an easy tool for water quality assessment and description of reference assemblage.
Serum prolactin revisited: parametric reference intervals and cross platform evaluation of polyethylene glycol precipitation-based methods for discrimination between hyperprolactinemia and macroprolactinemia
Authors: Overgaard Martin , Pedersen Susanne Møller
Published: February 2017

Background:

Hyperprolactinemia diagnosis and treatment is often compromised by the presence of biologically inactive and clinically irrelevant higher-molecular-weight complexes of prolactin, macroprolactin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of two macroprolactin screening regimes across commonly used automated immunoassay platforms.

Methods:

Parametric total and monomeric gender-specific reference intervals were determined for six immunoassay methods using female (n=96) and male sera (n=127) from healthy donors. The reference intervals were validated using 27 hyperprolactinemic and macroprolactinemic sera, whose presence of monomeric and macroforms of prolactin were determined using gel filtration chromatography (GFC).

Results:

Normative data for six prolactin assays included the range of values (2.5th–97.5th percentiles). Validation sera (hyperprolactinemic and macroprolactinemic; n=27) showed higher discordant classification [mean=2.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.4] for the monomer reference interval method compared to the post-polyethylene glycol (PEG) recovery cutoff method (mean=1.8; 95% CI 0.8–2.8). The two monomer/macroprolactin discrimination methods did not differ significantly (p=0.089). Among macroprolactinemic sera evaluated by both discrimination methods, the Cobas and Architect/Kryptor prolactin assays showed the lowest and the highest number of misclassifications, respectively.

Conclusions:

Current automated immunoassays for prolactin testing require macroprolactin screening methods based on PEG precipitation in order to discriminate truly from falsely elevated serum prolactin. While the recovery cutoff and monomeric reference interval macroprolactin screening methods demonstrate similar discriminative ability, the latter method also provides the clinician with an easy interpretable monomeric prolactin concentration along with a monomeric reference interval.