bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reference data preparation for complex satellite image segmentation
Authors: Sharma Ashu , Ghosh Jayanta Kumar , Kolay Saptarshi
Published: October 2019

The high spatial resolution satellite images covering multiple objects of the urban area are visually complex in nature. This visual complexity causes ambiguity during segmentation of such images when the targets are unknown. In such case, reference data are required to assess the segmentation methods. Due to excellence of humans in visual analysis, the presented work has attempted for a psycho‐visual approach to prepare the reference segmented complex HRS images. The reference data have has prepared through the correlation of the quantified eye‐tracking data (metrics) and corresponding concurrent think‐aloud (CTA) data for each of the created segments. Segments get updated based on Gestalt principles and Gibson's theory. Those segments having the best correlation between metrics and CTA data have been opted as the final output. The results suggest that the functional grouping of objects while preferring perceptual grouping for segments drawing conforms the most to the participants' verbal response. The final results have been compared with the existing notion of full segmentation used for complex images. The comparison also proffers the superiority of the proposed segmentation over full segmentation to be used as reference. In the future, a large number of images may be used to prepare better reference data.
Detection of mercury ion based on quantum dots using miniaturised optical fibre sensor
Authors: Wang Wenqi , Liu Ting , Yi Dingrong
Published: October 2019

Mercury ion (Hg2+) is one of the common pollutants which exists in the natural environment far and wide. The detection of Hg2+ usually requires large laboratory equipment, which limits their field applications. Here, a miniaturised optical fibre sensor based on quantum dots (QDs) for detection of Hg2+ is developed. The sensor is based on the principle of fluorescence quenching caused by Hg2+ and evanescent wave sensing. It is an all‐fibre sensor which composed of an optical fibre probe module, an optical module and a signal acquisition module. Through miniaturisation design of optical system and the structure of the sensor, the sensor is reduced to the volume of 120 × 120 × 100 mm. The experimental results show that in the miniaturised sensor both has high sensitivity and fast response speed. Meanwhile, the ion anti‐interference experiment shows that the sensor has good selectivity for Hg2+ detection. In general, the proposed sensor has significant potential in the field of biochemistry, environmental monitoring, and food safety.
Parameter selection algorithm of DBSCAN based on K‐means two classification algorithm
Authors: Chen Shouhong , Liu Xinyu , Ma Jun , Zhao Shuang , Hou Xingna
Published: October 2019

Clustering algorithm is one of the most important algorithms in unsupervised learning. For density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) density clustering algorithm, the selection of neighborhood radius and minimum number is the key to get the best clustering results. Aiming at the problems of traditional DBSCAN algorithm, such as the neighborhood radius and the minimum number of points, this article puts forward two classifications based on K‐means algorithm, and gets two clustering centers. Where calculated between two data points and the cluster center‐to ‐center distance, clustering, distance, statistics in a distance of data points within the scope of the search, the number of data points corresponding to the maximum distance value, and thus the parameters for the DBSCAN algorithm to estimate and selection of initial radius of neighborhood with the minimum number of clustering start critical value. When the parameters are iterated and optimized continuously, the data are divided into clusters, and the most suitable neighborhood radius and the minimum point number are obtained. The experimental data analysis show that the improved algorithm reduces the human factors in the traditional algorithm and improves the efficiency, so as to get the accurate clustering results.
Modulation scheme recognition using convolutional neural network
Authors: Zhang Qianwen , Xu Zhan , Zhang Peiyue
Published: October 2019

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is an extremely powerful machine‐learning tool, especially when dealing with computer vision problems. Here, the authors present a CNN‐based modulation recognition model. In order to fully elaborate the powerful image feature extraction ability of CNN, the authors have created an image dataset of different complex signal spectrograms using short‐time Fourier transform (STFT). In this case, the complex modulation recognition problem is converted to an image recognition problem. To study the accuracy of automatic recognition of signal spectrograms, the authors have applied two approaches recently developed for image classification. The first approach is to optimise activation functions. Experiments show that best performance can be achieved when using sigmoid as activation function. The second approach is using optimisation functions. At last, the authors compared the recognition accuracy under different signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs). The result shows that authors’ model achieves higher recognition accuracy under low SNR and stronger generalisation ability than other recognition methods.
Study of the spatial association between an active region jet and a nonthermal type III radio burst
Authors: Mulay Sargam M. , Sharma Rohit , Valori Gherardo , Vásquez Alberto M. , Del Zanna Giulio , Mason Helen , Oberoi Divya
Published: October 2019

Aims. We aim to investigate the spatial location of the source of an active region (AR) jet and its relation with associated nonthermal type III radio emission.

Methods. An emission measure (EM) method was used to study the thermodynamic nature of the AR jet. The nonthermal type III radio burst observed at meterwavelength was studied using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) radio imaging and spectroscopic data. The local configuration of the magnetic field and the connectivity of the source region of the jet with open magnetic field structures was studied using a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) extrapolation and potential field source surface (PFSS) extrapolation respectively.

Results. The plane-of-sky velocity of the AR jet was found to be ∼136 km s−1. The EM analysis confirmed the presence of low temperature 2 MK plasma for the spire, whereas hot plasma, between 5 and 8 MK, was present at the footpoint region which also showed the presence of Fe XVIII emission. A lower limit on the electron number density was found to be 1.4 × 108 cm−3 for the spire and 2.2 × 108 cm−3 for the footpoint. A temporal and spatial correlation between the AR jet and nonthermal type III burst confirmed the presence of open magnetic fields. An NLFFF extrapolation showed that the photospheric footpoints of the null point were anchored at the location of the source brightening of the jet. The spatial location of the radio sources suggests an association with the extrapolated closed and open magnetic fields although strong propagation effects are also present.

Conclusions. The multi-scale analysis of the field at local, AR, and solar scales confirms the interlink between different flux bundles involved in the generation of the type III radio signal with flux transferred from a small coronal hole to the periphery of the sunspot via null point reconnection with an emerging structure.
Verification of a simplified mathematical model of centrifugal compressor stages
Authors: Rekstin A. , Soldatova K. , Galerkin Y. , Popova E.
Published: October 2019

To calculate the efficiency of a centrifugal compressor, it is sufficient to know the design parameters and similarity criteria: flow rate coefficient, loading factor, relative hub ratio, Mach number. The effect of the inlet nozzle and the diffuser type is also taken into account. The original simplified model was successfully used for calculation of compressors’ candidates in computer programs of the Universal Modelling Method. Recently, the model has undergone significant revision and been remade. The modernized model is used in the program for primary design of centrifugal compressors. The authors verified the new model, comparing the calculated efficiency with the measured efficiency of several dozens of model stages 21CV family and low flow rate model stages. In total, calculations were carried out for more than thirty model stages. The range of design parameters of analysed model stages is quite wide: flow rate coefficient 0.00564 – 0.0676; loading factor 0.384 – 0.742; hub ratio 0.258 – 0.466.
Energy efficient heat supply system for electric power facilities
Authors: Gilfanov K. H. , Tien N. , Gaynullin R. N. , Hallyyev I.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the work is to confirm the possibility of creating an energy-saving heat supply system for power facilities by using computer modelling, analysis of the potential use of heat losses of electromagnetic energy in magnetic circuits and windings of transformers of substations, as well as the development of schemes for heat recovery losses for heat supply of power facilities. Computer simulation of electromagnetic and thermophysical processes in the power oil-filled transformer is carried out. Energy losses in windings, hysteresis and eddy currents in the magnetic circuit, as well as temperature and heat flux fields in the longitudinal and transverse sections of the oil-filled power transformer in idle and short-circuit modes were determined. The transformer performance in terms of heat recovery losses was evaluated. The possible volumes of heat extraction for heat supply depending on the power of the transformer are determined. The automated oil-water system of heat recovery of the transformer for heating of electric power facilities is proposed. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry is to confirm the possibility of creating an energy-saving heat supply system for electric power facilities while maintaining the operational characteristics of the transformer based on computer modelling; the significant potential of using the heat loss of power transformers of substations is shown, an automated heat supply system for electric power facilities is proposed.
On a new approach to assessing the energy characteristics of substances
Authors: Sirotkin O. S. , Pavlova A. M. , Sirotkin R. O. , Buntin A. E.
Published: October 2019

Within the unified model of chemical bonding and methods of quantitative assessment of components of mixed chemical interaction between the elements in compounds, developed by the authors, a new approach was developed to assess the structural and energy characteristics of substances and fuels. It comprises establishing a correlation between the difference of bonds’ chemical components of reactants and end products. Changes in the chemical bond components affect such characteristics of chemical reactions as the heat of formation of the reaction products, their redox properties, whether reaction is endoor exothermic, as well as the heat of fuel combustion reactions. This approach is an additional reserve for improving the methods for assessing the energy characteristics of fuels and increasing the efficiency of energy production technologies.
Improving the methodology for assessing the technical condition of equipment during the transportation of energy carrier in energy systems and complexes
Authors: Gaponenko S. O. , Shakurova R. Z. , Kondratiev A. E. , Dimova R.
Published: October 2019

The stable and uninterrupted work of the energy sector enterprises largely determines the economic development of the country. At the same time, the reliability of energy systems and complexes depends on the technical condition of the energy transportation equipment. In this regard, there is an urgent need to monitor the technical condition of the equipment. Currently, there are various types of non-destructive testing used for diagnostics, but none of them is universal, and many of them only allow to find defects of a certain type. In this connection, there is a topical issue of improving the methods for assessing the technical condition of equipment during the transportation of energy carriers in energy systems and complexes. This paper presents an information and diagnostic complex that implements the proposed technical solution and tests the methodology.
Jet mixing when heating oil and fuel oil in storage tanks
Authors: Karaeva J. V. , Zdor V. O. , Kadyirov A. I. , Shamsutdinov E. V.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents the research results of jet mixing and heating processes of crude oil of the Zachebashskoe field (Republic of Tatarstan) and fuel oil M100 in a tank with a capacity of 2000 m3. Circulation systems with nozzle inclination in the range from -25° up to 125° are considered. The presence and washing out of bottom sediments in the tank are modeled. The time required for removing the bottom sediments and for heating the tank to the optimum temperature is determined. The best heating for the tank with oil and fuel oil was observed at the nozzle inclination in the range from -25° up to 60°. The optimal nozzle inclination was 115° for washing out the bottom sediments in the oil tank. To remove sediment in a tank with fuel oil it is recommended to use the same nozzle inclinations as for heating.
Development of the methodological basis of the simulation modelling of the multi-energy systems
Authors: Suslov K. , Piskunova V. , Gerasimov D. , Ukolova E. , Akhmetshin A. , Lombardi P. , Komarnicki P.
Published: October 2019

The most modern technical systems are an integration of various energy converters and sources of various physical nature. Mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, as well as computer (information) monitoring and control system. Multi-energy systems (MES) also belong to the class of such technical devices. The main task in creating mathematical models is a methodological approach that allows joint modelling of 6 energy objects of various nature on a single methodological basis. The article considers the main approaches to the mathematical description of MES, as well as the assumptions and stages of formation for modelling this class of technical systems. The main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods for creating mathematical models are considered taking into account the possibility of using optimization methods and using the above models as digital twins for control systems. In addition, the article will present a methodological approach to the formation of mathematical models of an integrated energy system based on the concept of an energy hub using MATLAB.
Coherent optical effects in two-dimensional nanostructures with semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Prokhorov Alexei , Volkov Valentyn
Published: October 2019

The effects of quantum coherence arising in an ensemble of semiconductor quantum dots located near the surface of two-dimensional optical materials are considered. The conditions for the realization of strong coupling between surface plasmon-polaritons and quantum dot in proximity to graphene are studied.
Fronts in subdiffusive FitzHugh–Nagumo systems
Authors: Nepomnyashchy A.A. , Volpert V.A.
Published: October 2019

Front solutions of subdiffusive FitzHugh–Nagumo equations are studied for a piece-wise linear nonlinearity. Multiple solutions of the problem and the dependence of the propagation velocity on the parameters are discussed.
The significance and perspective of biodiesel production – A European and global view
Authors: Bockey Dieter
Published: October 2019

Since the nineties, the production of biodiesel has increased considerably worldwide. The motivation for this trend developed very differently with a view to the globally important resource production regions. Biofuels, such as biodiesel, are also playing a role regionally within the context of the growing challenge of a global climate change policy. The contribution is an evaluation of the situation and it demonstrates the limits of the development based on different aspects.
Some Results of Psycholinguistic Research of Polycode Advertising Texts: Gender Factor Influence
Authors: Annenkova Antonina V.
Published: October 2019

Modern society is constantly changing and evolving, and the era of globalization and informatization leads to profound transformation of moral guidelines and personal space expansion due to deeper human immersion into the world of mass media. Image advertising is considered as one of the most common phenomena in the information era and can be characterized as a polycode text consisting of elements of different sign systems. The main purpose of such advertising is to change person's consumer behavior and form visions, desired by an advertising creator, in the consumer's individual lexicon. The article focuses on the study of peculiarities of image advertising visions functioning in the individual lexicon as well as their impact on an individual under a special advertising communicative situation depending on gender factor. To verify the thesis of differences in the strategies of image advertising perception applied by representatives of different gender groups, we have conducted the experimental research using the semantic differential; some results and their analysis are given in the article.
Speech strategy of anonymity in communication
Authors: Bulavina Marina , Biryukova Yulia , Kurilenko Victoria , Dunaeva Larisa , Akhnina Kristina
Published: October 2019

The article examines Internet channels as new communicative functional systems in Telegram Messenger as it often happens that there are some anonymous channels that refuse to disclose their authorship. The analysis of anonymity in Telegram shows that there is a special communicative strategy that can be a verbal provocation aimed at activating the communicative interest of readers on the one hand and, on the other hand, it is a way of avoiding responsibility for the reliability of the reported news. It is possible to confirm that the new trend appears that includes the mixture of mass media and interpersonal communications.
Bilingual learners’ willingness to communicate in English and anxiety when speaking the language
Authors: Khudobina Olga , Hopiaynen Olga , Bondarenko Ekaterina
Published: October 2019

The present study focuses on bilingual learners’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in English and foreign language anxiety (FLA) when speaking English in the classroom at Yugra State University. The paper reviews the theory, experiment and methods of pedagogical correction for those who are interested in these two phenomena in their research. The aim of the paper is twofold: to identify the main communicational difficulties faced by learners, explore the underlying causes, and provide some recommendations to overcome learners’ unwillingness to communicate in English actively and freely. The findings support the claims that FLA and WTC stem from issues with foreign language proficiency as well as some personal traits with FLA and WTC influencing each other and the process of mastering a second language.
Late diagnosis of subcoracoid type 6 AC dislocation: A case report
Authors: Kapicioglu Mehmet , Cetin Huzeyfe , Bilsel Kerem
Published: October 2019

Acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation is a common type of shoulder injury. Although the incidence of acromioclavicular dislocation is frequent, there are different opinions regarding the treatment. Many different techniques have been proposed for the surgical treatment of AC dislocations, but all these methods have been questioned from different angles, and the gold standard in terms of treatment has not yet been determined. There are six types described by Rockwood et al. and type 6 has two types: subacromial and subcoracoid. Subcoracoid AC Type 6 dislocations are seen very rarely and difficult to diagnose in initial clinical findings or can be simply overlooked due to associated more serious injuries which take more attention. The mechanism of injury of a type 6 AC dislocation is hyperabduction and external rotation of the shoulder. A small number of type 6 subcoracoid AC dislocations have formerly been reported and apart from one case all of them were acutely diagnosed and treated with open reduction and internal fixation. In this paper, we report a case of late diagnosis of subcoracoid type 6 AC dislocation, along with its rare and previously unreported surgical management.
Analyse des Versorgungsmodells „Portal“ – Untersuchung der Ergebnisqualität der IVOM-Therapie im Hinblick auf Latenzzeiten bei exsudativer AMD
Authors: Rothaus Kai , Farecki Marie-Louise , Mussinghoff Peter , Faatz Henrik , Spital Georg , Pauleikhoff Daniel , Lommatzsch Albrecht Peter
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Die intravitreale operative Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM) stellte gegenwärtig bei vielen Makulopathien eine logistische Herausforderung für Patient und Arzt dar. Während die Patienten die Fahrten zu den Arztbesuchen organisieren müssen, haben die medizinischen Einrichtungen ausreichend kurzfristige Ressourcen vorzuhalten, um eine zeitnahe und termingerechte Behandlung zu gewährleisten. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Evaluation der kooperativen IVOM-Therapie bei Patienten mit einer exsudativen AMD hinsichtlich der folgenden 4 Qualitätsindikatoren: a) der Latenzzeiten innerhalb des Behandlungs- und Kontrollzyklus, b) die Behandlungsfrequenzen, c) die Adhärenz und d) das medizinische Ergebnis.

Patienten und Methode In Zusammenarbeit vieler Augenärzte werden seit über 7 Jahren AMD-Patienten innerhalb eines Portalsystems kooperativ behandelt. Dabei werden zwischen der konventionell behandelnden Praxis und dem operativen Zentrum die für die Behandlung wesentlichen Daten ausgetauscht. Insgesamt wurden von 1850 Patienten insgesamt 2283 wegen AMD zu behandelnde Augen dokumentiert. Diese elektronische Dokumentation wurde hinsichtlich der o. g. Qualitätsindikatoren retrospektiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Auswertung ergab eine durchschnittliche Latenzzeit zwischen der Kontrolle beim konservativen Augenarzt und einem erneuten Start einer IVOM-Serie von 8,1 Werktagen. Innerhalb der ersten beiden Behandlungsjahre wurden durchschnittlich 10,5 Injektionen und 8,2 Kontrolltermine pro Fall erreicht. Dabei waren nach den 2 Jahren noch 72,9% der Fälle in Behandlung bzw. Beobachtung und es konnte eine Stabilisierung des Visusgewinns von durchschnittlich 0,05 logMAR erreicht werden.

Schlussfolgerung Gerade bei der exsudativen AMD ist eine konsequente Therapie über Jahre von essenzieller Bedeutung für ein funktionelle Stabilität und Verbesserung der Sehleistung. Die Analyse des Versorgungsmodells zeigt, dass eine kooperative Organisation der IVOM-Therapie und Verlaufsdiagnostik im PRN-Schema zu einer konsequenten Behandlung und den notwendigen Kontrolluntersuchungen der Patienten über einen langen Zeitraum führen kann.
Indocyanine Green Lymphography, Lymphoscintigraphy, and Genetic Analysis in Nonsyndromic Primary Lymphedema: The Distal Dermal Backflow Grading System and the Print Sign
Authors: Mangialardi Maria Lucia , Lorenzano Valerio , Pagliara Domenico , Visconti Giuseppe , Gentileschi Stefano , Salgarello Marzia
Published: October 2019

Background Investigating correlations between clinical, instrumental, and genetic features of primary lymphedema (PL) with the aim to facilitate the diagnosis, the staging, and the management of this subgroup of patients.

Methods A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2016 to May 2018, including patients with diagnosis of nonsyndromic PL. All patients underwent a lymphoscintigraphic rest-stress test, an indocyanine green (ICG) lymphographic test, and a genetic test from sputum sample.

Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study and 44 limbs were examined. The totality of clinically affected limbs (32/44) showed lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic abnormalities. Concerning clinically healthy limbs (12/44), an abnormal pattern was demonstrated in 33.3% of ICG lymphographic test and 75% of lymphoscintigraphy. Regarding lymphography findings, the most frequent pattern was the distal dermal backflow (DDB). We distinguished four grades of DDB, which correlates with clinical and lymphoscintigraphic features. Furthermore, we found a new lymphographic alteration consisting of fluorescence appearing distally to the injection site of ICG, including fingers/toes and palmar/plantar surface of the hand and of the foot. This alteration, called “print sign,” seems to be typical of DDB pattern PL. Genetic test did not help us make any etiological diagnosis.

Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study about PL comparing clinical, ICG lymphographic, lymphoscintigraphic, and genetic findings. As expected, all clinically affected limbs showed abnormalities in ICG lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic tests. In opposition to what has previously been reported, also clinically healthy limbs showed lymphographic and lymphoscintigraphic alterations and this could suggest the existence of a subclinical form of PL. We proposed a grading of the DDB pattern, which correlates with clinical and lymphoscintigraphic features. Furthermore, we have described a new lymphographic alteration that seems to be typical of DDB pattern PL, the “print sign.”
Long-Term Safety and Efficacy Data of a Plasma-Derived Factor VIII Concentrate with von Willebrand Factor for Treatment of Patients with Hemophilia A Covering 18 Years
Authors: Kittler Sabine Friederike Karolin , Miesbach Wolfgang , Bauhofer Artur , Becker Thomas , Schüttrumpf Jörg , Dubovy Patrick , Nemes László , Richter Heinrich , Königs Christoph
Published: October 2019

We describe the results of the (to our knowledge) longest long-term noninterventional study so far performed to obtain real-life data on the treatment of hemophilia A patients with a single plasma-derived FVIII concentrate containing von Willebrand factor (pdFVIII; Haemoctin/Faktor VIII SDH Intersero). A total of 198 patients (146 in Germany and 52 in Hungary), of whom 160 had severe and 38 nonsevere hemophilia A, representing all age groups (0–88 years; mean ∼25 years at inclusion) were analyzed during prophylactic or on-demand treatment over 18 years (overall 1,418 patient-years; mean >7 years). pdFVIII was very effective and well tolerated. The mean annual bleeding rate, including spontaneous and traumatic bleeds, was considerably lower for patients treated prophylactically (mean 5.4; median 3.1) than for patients treated on demand (mean 26.1; median 21.9). Inhibitors were found in 13% (3/23) and high-titer inhibitors in 4% (1/23) of previously untreated patients with severe hemophilia A. Four previously treated patients with severe hemophilia A developed inhibitors, thereof three high-titer inhibitors (3.3 and 2.5 high-titer inhibitors in 1,000 patient-years). No unexpected adverse effect on the health of the patients, no pdFVIII-related thrombosis, thromboembolic event, or hypersensitivity reaction, and no suspected viral transmission related to pdFVIII were documented.
Myxedema Coma in a Pediatric Patient with Down Syndrome
Authors: Divecha Chhaya A. , Tullu Milind S. , Deshmukh Chandrahas T. , Karande Sunil
Published: October 2019

Myxedema coma due to severe/long standing hypothyroidism is a known fatal endocrine emergency but is rare in children and unreported in pediatric Down syndrome. It mimics other conditions in the emergency room, making the diagnosis challenging. We present a 10-year-old-male child with global developmental delay and Down syndrome phenotype, admitted for altered sensorium subsequent to a febrile illness. The presence of myxedematous changes on clinical examination, on a background of altered sensorium and hypothermia, led to suspicion of myxedema coma, confirmed by laboratory testing. Due to nonavailability of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) was administered through nasogastric tube after an endocrine consult. Despite initial recovery in terms of improved consciousness, the child ultimately succumbed to refractory shock and terminal ventricular tachycardia. Our case highlights the need to consider myxedema coma as a differential diagnosis for altered mental status in the emergency room and use of screening tools for effective selection of patients.
Doping dependence of the electron spin diffusion length in germanium
Authors: Zucchetti C. , Bollani M. , Isella G. , Zani M. , Finazzi M. , Bottegoni F.
Published: October 2019

We have investigated the electron spin diffusion length at room temperature in bulk n-doped germanium as a function of the doping concentration. To this purpose, we exploit a nonlocal spin injection/detection scheme where spins are optically injected at the direct gap of Ge and electrically detected by means of the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE). By optically generating a spin population in the conduction band of the semiconductor at different distances from the spin detector, we are able to directly determine the electron spin diffusion length Ls in the Ge substrate. We experimentally observe that Ls > 20 μm for lightly doped samples and, by taking into account the electron diffusion coefficient, we estimate electron spin lifetime values τs larger than 50 ns. In contrast, for heavily doped Ge substrates, the spin diffusion length decreases to a few micrometers, corresponding to τs ≈ 20 ns. These results can be exploited to refine spin transport models in germanium and reduce the experimental uncertainties associated with the evaluation of Ls from other spin injection/detection techniques.
Accuracy of the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines using vortex core models in the free vortex wake method
Authors: Xu Bofeng , Liu Bingbing , Cai Xin , Yuan Yue , Zhao Zhenzhou , Wang Yazhou
Published: October 2019

The size of the vortex core of the vortex model is very important for the accurate prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines in the free vortex wake (FVW) method. The size of the vortex core includes its initial radius and the variation in the wake due to the dissipation effect. In the FVW method, the governing equation of the vortex line is discretized by the three-step and third-order predictor-corrector difference scheme. The classical Lamb-Oseen model and the Scully model are adopted for the vortex core model, and the vortex dissipation effect and stretching effect are taken into account. First, the value range of the initial radius of the vortex core is obtained through the analysis of the aerodynamic load and the mean value of the tip vorticity. Then, based on the tip vortex dissipation characteristics, the empirical constants reflecting the increase in the vortex core radius are determined. Finally, the effect of the vortex core size on the shape of the tip vortex line is analyzed. The results demonstrate that in both vortex core models when the radius of the initial vortex core is greater than 50% of the chord length, the FVW method converges stably and can accurately predict the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine. Considering the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine and the dissipation characteristics of the tip vorticity, it is advisable to use a chord length from 60% to 70% as the initial radius of the vortex core. In addition, the corresponding empirical constant of vortex-viscous dissipation is also different; the aerodynamic load of the wind turbine which is related to the mean value of the tip vorticity and the shape of the tip vortex is mainly affected by the radius of the initial vortex core, and the empirical constant has little influence on it, while it mainly affects the dissipation characteristics of the tip vorticity in the downstream wake field.
Interrogatives in surprise contexts in English
Authors: Celle Agnès , Jugnet Anne , Lansari Laure , Peterson Tyler
Published: October 2019

Verbal reactions to surprising situations or surprising information often include interrogative structures rather than exclamatives, contrary to what is assumed in traditional grammars. In such contexts, interrogatives combine requests for information and the expression of surprise (possibly associated with other emotions). Based on enacted data drawn from film scripts, our claim is that different (more or less canonical) forms of interrogatives imply varying levels of cognitive integration: clarification requests, ordinary (non-inferential) questions and inferential questions are on a continuum from less to more cognitively integrated information. Different forms of interrogatives may thus correspond to different speaker-addressee relations and pragmatic patterns. The overall frequency of interrogatives and variety of forms and patterns used may reflect the fact that surprise is more cognitive than other emotions.
“Self” in language, culture, and cognition
Authors: Lu Yanying
Published: October 2019

This book explores socio-cultural meanings of ‘self’ in the Chinese language through analysing a range of conversations among Chinese immigrants to Australia qualitatively on the topics of individuality, social relationships and collective identity. If language, culture and cognition are major roads, this book is the junction that unites them by arguing that selfhood occurs at their interface. It provides an interdisciplinary approach to unpack manifestations and perceptions of ‘self’ in the contemporary Chinese diaspora discourse from the perspectives of Sociolinguistics, Cognitive Linguistics and the newly developed Cultural Linguistics. This book not only discusses empirical and theoretical issues on the conceptualisation and communication of social identity in a cross-cultural context, it also reveals how traditional and modern ideas in Chinese culture are interacting with those of other world cultures. Considering the power of language, enduring and emerging beliefs and stances that permeate these speakers’ views on their social being and outlooks on life impart their significance in cross-cultural communication and pragmatics.

As of January 2023, this e-book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched.
Language globalization versus inner language diversity?
Authors: Kalezic Maja
Published: October 2019

By this study we have tried not to reject but to use IT tools of so-called augmented reality in the digital era in order to show new possibilities for comprehensive way to preserve itemized vocabulary of a language both in its historical and its contemporary corpus by using the especially modified relational terminology database. Offering draft for the structurally new-designed terminological algorithm for expanding the referred database, we wanted to establish, among other things, some of databases new goals, e.g. continuously preservation of one linguistic corpus created and fixed in one moment of time, regardless of the intensive changes taking place in the permanent exchangeable reality of life that imports the continuing changes into the linguistic one.
L’estandardització del gaèlic escocès
Authors: Ortiz de Antonio Jordi
Published: October 2019

Since the Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act was passed in 2005, the Gaelic revitalisation process has been undertaken with regards to the status of the language, but corpus planning remains scarce. This paper consists of a review about standard language and the process of standardisation of Scottish Gaelic and it is aimed to examine and to reflect to what extent Haugen’s model (1983) is followed in the standardisation process affecting Gaelic in Scotland. After the discussion, it is noticeable that there has been an evident but implicit standardisation process: a Mid-Minch Gaelic variety of the language is implemented and somehow elaborated. However, there are some key priorities for the standard that have not been completed yet in terms of codification, especially grammatication. Therefore, Scottish Gaelic is not a completely standard language because although it still lacks an explicit codification process, Gaelic is implemented and elaborated.
Per a un tractament integrat de llengües en el context escolar de les parles valencianes de base castellano-aragonesa i murciana
Authors: Bataller Català Alexandre
Published: October 2019

This work addresses the issue of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) regarding Spanish-Valencian in the Valencian speaking regions of Castilian and Murcia. In recent years, young generations of students in these historically Spanish Valencian speaking regions have suffered the process of substitution and marginalization of the local language in favor of the standard variety. Moreover, some schools in these regions still offer the possibility of being exempted of the Valencian language subject. To stop this trend, we consider necessary a new approach to teacher training that contemplates the Treatment of Different Languages; one that integrates a positive attitude towards the use of the historical dialectal varieties and their social prestige along with the study of the standard language.
Renunciar als trets lingüístics propis
Authors: Gràcia i Damas Annabel
Published: October 2019

Stereotypes of Lleida and its people along with the stigmatization of its dialect have hindered the linguistic and emotional wellbeing which any community requires. On the contrary, they have empowered the low self-esteem that exudes from the legendary sentence: “It is good enough for Lleida.”

Lleidan society has had to face all kinds of extreme historical vicissitudes to show its Catalanness is non-negotiable. However, this has often meant abandoning some rights, such as local linguistic features.

Since the nineties, there have been reports of specialists and initiatives in favour of adjusting the standard to geographic diversity of Catalan and avoid problems of dialectal diglossia and, ultimately, disaffection for the lack of identification with the corpus.

We analyse the changes in the last years regarding the visibility of north-western Catalan in the media and in schools, the speakers’ attitude, and remaining intra-community linguistic prejudice.
Language intricacy
Authors: Nadal Josep M.
Published: October 2019

This text established the theoretical framework for the 10th International Colloquium ‘Problems and Methods of Language History’, which discusses about the intricacy of languages and gives rise to the present book. In this brief reflection, the main subjects of interest in our volume are mentioned, and it constitutes for this reason an useful introductory work.
Is the facilitator dead?
Authors: Francés Díez M. Àngels
Published: October 2019

This article looks at the process behind the transformation of
the traditional literary facilitator, or rather at the emergence of new
agents in the system of reading recommendations in the public sphere, which
are gaining more and more importance and occupying ground previously
reserved to adult facilitators. This process stems from two major changes:
on the one hand, the emergence of content in formats and platforms other
than writing, with codes and varying degrees of involvement and
collaboration; on the other hand, new forms of access to children’s and
young adults’ literature, which in the case of digital natives are to be
found on the Internet and social networks.
Literatura popular i formació lingüística en el sistema educatiu
valencià
Authors: Borja i Sanz Joan
Published: October 2019

Partint de la constatació que la literatura popular – entesa com
una literatura d’autoria anònima i transmissió oral, amb capacitat per a
crear i recrear l’imaginari col·lectiu d’una determinada comunitat
humana – ofereix una font de múltiples i suggeridors recursos
per als reptes educatius contemporanis, en aquesta contribució s’aporta, des
de premisses epistemològiques pròpies de l’etnopoètica, una reflexió teòrica
(amb inferències pràctiques i conclusions concretes finals) sobre l’interés
de les rondalles, les llegendes, les endevinalles, les unitats
fraseològiques i les cançons per a la formació lingüística de l’alumnat
d’educació infantil, primària i secundària. Tot i que les observacions, les
argumentacions, les consideracions i els resultats d’aquesta investigació se
centren específicament en el sistema educatiu valencià, el conjunt dels
coneixements que s’hi dedueixen resulten potencialment extrapolables a
qualsevol tipus de context cultural i pedagògic propi d’una situació de
conflicte lingüístic.
From literature to panels
Authors: López Eduard Baile
Published: October 2019

Although there is still a long way ahead, the Comic medium is
getting consolidated as a matter of academic analysis, both from a didactic
point of view and from the specialized critic. Among many other research
possibilities, comparisons between Comics and Literature, especially with
regard to adaptations, may lead to new ways of understanding Transmedia or
to implement the formation of the Literary Reader. Although this paper is
intended to allude to these perspectives only in a superficial way, it may
serve to contextualize a list of the various Tirant lo
Blanc adaptations into Comic, so that in future papers it may
be possible to elaborate unlike analyses.
Learning English as a foreign language
Authors: Cherro Samper Myriam
Published: October 2019

This article shows how learning a foreign language in Spain is a
responsibility since we became members of the European Union (1986).
Following the current Spanish and European Educational Legislation, our
students have to be competent in a foreign language by the time they finish
compulsory education. To achieve this goal the European Commission has
promoted several activities and programs as well as our current educative
system (LOMCE) has done (multilingual programmes and increasing foreign
language teaching time). To success achieving this European and Spanish
shared goal, some factors must be pinpointed and are stated along the
current article: Motivation to learn a foreign language, applying innovative
methodologies and designing effective didactic strategies as using
storybooks and storytelling, among others.
Saving resources: the exploitation of endophytes by plants for the biosynthesis of multi-functional defence compounds.
Authors: Schouten A.
Published: October 2019

Plants are effective in defending themselves against herbivores, parasites and pathogens. To accomplish this, they employ various strategies, one of them being the synthesis of antimicrobial and antiherbivory compounds. To reduce the amount of energy spent, such compounds can be efficiently synthesized in multi-enzyme complexes and may have multiple roles in plant life. The synthesis can further be economized when the plant exploits associated microorganisms for the synthesis of these 'plant' compounds. Due to the potential multi-functionality of plant compounds, it is often difficult to establish what their roles are in the plant's physiology and ecology, particularly because these various roles can be quite unrelated. The research on endophytes, their synthetic abilities and their role in the ecology of the plant may, however, shed light on this issue. Indeed, it was found that particular compounds produced by endophytes, which are considered phytohormones, have additional activities, being toxic for nematodes.
Dark and multi-dark solitons in the three-component nonlinear Schrödinger equations on the general nonzero background*
Authors: Xiong Zhi-Jin , Xu Qing , Ling Liming
Published: October 2019

We exhibit some new dark soliton phenomena on the general nonzero background for a defocusing three-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation. As the plane wave background undergoes unitary transformation SU(3), we obtain the general nonzero background and study its modulational instability by the linear stability analysis. On the basis of this background, we study the dynamics of one-dark soliton and two-dark-soliton phenomena, which are different from the dark solitons studied before. Furthermore, we use the numerical method for checking the stability of the one-dark-soliton solution. These results further enrich the content in nonlinear Schrödinger systems, and require more in-depth studies in the future.
Improved performance of back-gate MoS2 transistors by NH3-plasma treating high-k gate dielectrics*
Authors: Chen Jian-Ying , Zhao Xin-Yuan , Liu Lu , Xu Jing-Ping
Published: October 2019

NH3-plasma treatment is used to improve the quality of the gate dielectric and interface. Al2O3 is adopted as a buffer layer between HfO2 and MoS2 to decrease the interface-state density. Four groups of MOS capacitors and back-gate transistors with different gate dielectrics are fabricated and their C–V and I–V characteristics are compared. It is found that the Al2O3/HfO2 back-gate transistor with NH3-plasma treatment shows the best electrical performance: high on–off current ratio of 1.53 × 107, higher field-effect mobility of 26.51 cm2/V·s, and lower subthreshold swing of 145 mV/dec. These are attributed to the improvements of the gate dielectric and interface qualities by the NH3-plasma treatment and the addition of Al2O3 as a buffer layer.
The X(4140) and X(4160) resonances in the

reaction *
Authors: Wang En , Xie Ju-Jun , Geng Li-Sheng , Oset Eulogio
Published: October 2019

We investigate the

invariant mass distribution in the

reaction at a center-of-mass energy of

GeV measured by the BESIII collaboration, which concluded that no significant signals were observed for

because of the low statistics. We show, however, that the

invariant mass distribution is compatible with the existence of the

state, appearing as a peak, and a strong cusp structure at the

threshold, resulting from the molecular nature of the

state, which provides a substantial contribution to the reaction. This is consistent with our previous analysis of the

decay measured by the LHCb collaboration. We strongly suggest further measurements of this process with more statistics to clarify the nature of the

and

resonances.
A possible explanation of the threshold enhancement in the process

*
Authors: Xiao Li-Ye , Weng Xin-Zhen , Zhong Xian-Hui , Zhu Shi-Lin
Published: October 2019

Inspired by the recent measurement of the process

, we calculate the mass spectrum of the

meson with the GI model. For the excited vector strangeonium states

and

, we investigate the electronic decay width with the Van Royen-Weisskopf formula, and the partial widths of the

,

, and

decay modes with the extended quark-pair creation model. We find that the electronic decay width of the

-wave vector strangeonium is about

times larger than of the

-wave vector strangeonium. Around 2232 MeV, the partial decay width of the

mode can be up to several MeV for

, while the partial

decay width of

is

keV. If the threshold enhancement reported by the BESIII collaboration arises from the strangeonium meson, this state is very likely the

state. We also note that the

and

partial decay widths of the states

and

are several MeV, which is sufficient to be observed in future experiments.
The contribution of the first forbidden transitions to the nuclear β−-decay half-life *
Authors: You Ji-Lin , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Zhi Qi-Jun , Ren Zhong-Zhou , Wu Qing-Dong
Published: October 2019

-decay half-life is a key quantity for nuclear structure and nucleosynthesis studies. There exist large uncertainties in the contributions of allowed and forbidden transitions to the total

-decay life, which limits the resolution of the predicted

-decay half-life. We systematically study the contribution of the first forbidden (FF) transitions to the

-decay half-life, and quantify it with a formula based on simple physics considerations. We also propose a new formula for calculation of the

-decay half-life that includes the FF contribution. It is shown that the inclusion of the contribution of FF transitions significantly improves the precision of calculations of the

-decay half-life. By fitting of the RQRPA results for neutron-rich

, 57 isotopes and

, 94 isotones, the formula for the contribution of the FF transitions gives similar results as the RQRPA calculations. However, because of limited experimental data for the branching ratios of unstable nuclei, the fit parameters are not fully constrained. Therefore, the proposed formula for the

-decay half-life is more suitable for calculations of half-lives than of the FF contributions. The formula could be used to predict the

-decay half-life in nuclear structure studies as well as nucleosynthesis calculations in stars.