bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis of immune cell infiltration patterns and potential diagnostic markers in atherosclerosis
Authors: Ji Haigang , Yuan Ling , Jiang Wenbo , Jiang Yinke , Jiang Mengke , Sun Xuemei , Chen Jing
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to investigate efficient diagnostic markers and molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis and to analyze the role of immune infiltration through bioinformatics analysis. Expression profile datasets (GSE28829 and GSE43292) of patients with atherosclerosis and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database. Glutamine (GLN) metabolism-associated genes were obtained from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB). The limma package in R was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Significant modules were filtered using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA). MSigDB sets were subjected to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis. The biological functions of DEGs were examined using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. STRING and Cytoscape software were used to identify hub genes and functional modules through protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The xCell software was adopted to assess the composition patterns of immune and stromal cells. Correlation analyses were performed for key genes and immune cell subtypes. We identified 308 DEGs and GLN-associated genes. Functional enrichment analysis showed that these genes were strongly enriched in muscle contract, muscle tissue development, cutile fiber, mycobacterial, and actin binding. Enriched KEGG pathways comprised dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and the cAMP signaling pathway. In the PPI network analysis, 27 genes were identified as hub genes. The area under the curve (AUC) values of 27 biomarkers were relatively high, indicating high diagnostic values. The atherosclerosis group exhibited a markedly higher degree of infiltration than the control group. This study identified 27 GLN-associated genes as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of atherosclerosis. It provides a new perspective on immune responses that facilitates exploration of the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
Periodontal ligament and alveolar bone remodeling during long orthodontic tooth movement analyzed by a novel user-independent 3D-methodology
Authors: Rizk Marta , Niederau Christian , Florea Alexandru , Kiessling Fabian , Morgenroth Agnieszka , Mottaghy Felix M. , Schneider Rebekka K. , Wolf Michael , Craveiro Rogerio B.
Published: November 2023

The structural process of bone and periodontal ligament (PDL) remodeling during long-term orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has not been satisfactorily described yet. Although the mechanism of bone changes in the directly affected alveolar bone has been deeply investigated, detailed knowledge about specific mechanism of PDL remodeling and its interaction with alveolar bone during OTM is missing. This work aims to provide an accurate and user-independent analysis of the alveolar bone and PDL remodeling following a prolonged OTM treatment in mice. Orthodontic forces were applied using a Ni–Ti coil-spring in a split-mouth mice model. After 5 weeks both sides of maxillae were scanned by high-resolution micro-CT. Following a precise tooth movement estimation, an extensive 3D analysis of the alveolar bone adjacent to the first molar were performed to estimate the morphological and compositional parameters. Additionally, changes of PDL were characterized by using a novel 3D model approach. Bone loss and thinning, higher connectivity as well as lower bone mineral density were found in both studied regions. Also, a non-uniformly widened PDL with increased thickness was observed. The extended and novel methodology in this study provides a comprehensive insight about the alveolar bone and PDL remodeling process after a long-duration OTM.
A universal hydro-mechanical coupled behavior model for clay-bearing strata—Molecular-level simulation approach
Authors: Waheed Muhammad Abdul , Al-Amoudi Omar S. Baghabra , Al-Osta Mohammed A. , Ahmed Habib Ur-Rehman
Published: November 2023

Clay minerals in soils and rocks exhibit large volume change upon interaction with water and this behavior becomes even more complex when the strata are being stressed by the engineering and environmental loads. Therefore, a realistic prediction of the hydro-mechanical behavior of the clay-bearing strata is always a challenge due to their coupled swelling-mechanical response in the cases of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering problems, nuclear waste storage in clay-bearing rock repositories, shale gas extraction, and other uses of clay in the manufacturing industry. All the existing behavior models have restricted applications in the engineering and other fields of practice mainly due to the partial consideration of the structure and fabric of clay-bearing strata in the model formulation. In this study, a hydro-mechanical behavior model has been formulated using the parameters acquired from the molecular-level simulations and modeling of the volume change and stress–strain behavior of the clay-bearing structure. The Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamic simulations were performed on the natural structure of the clay-bearing strata formulated using Monte Carlo technique. The mathematical model, developed from the simulation results, can predict the overall hydro-mechanical behavior of clay-bearing strata for all possible combinations of clay minerals, non-clay minerals, salts causing cementation of the soil/rock structure, confining pressures, and the induced strain levels. The developed model has successfully been validated through laboratory and field testing on the clay-bearing strata in both the elastic and elasto-plastic regions of the stress–strain behavior and also from the data of two (02) swelling clays (MX-80 and FEBEX Bentonite) from the existing literature, supporting the universal nature of the developed behavior model.
Spatial profiling of cancer-associated fibroblasts of sporadic early onset colon cancer microenvironment
Authors: Furuhashi Satoru , Bustos Matias A. , Mizuno Shodai , Ryu Suyeon , Naeini Yalda , Bilchik Anton J. , Hoon Dave S. B.
Published: November 2023

The incidence of sporadic early-onset colon cancer (EOCC) has increased worldwide. The molecular mechanisms in the tumor and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in EOCC are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to unravel unique spatial transcriptomic and proteomic profiles in tumor epithelial cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we divide the sporadic colon cancer tissue samples with transcriptomic data into patients diagnosed with EOCC (<50 yrs) and late-onset colon cancer (LOCC, ≥50 yrs) and then, analyze the data using CIBERSORTx deconvolution software. EOCC tumors are more enriched in CAFs with fibroblast associated protein positive expression (FAP(+)) than LOCC tumors. EOCC patients with higher FAP mRNA levels in CAFs have shorter OS (Log-rank test, p < 0.029). Spatial transcriptomic analysis of 112 areas of interest, using NanoString GeoMx digital spatial profiling, demonstrate that FAP(+) CAFs at the EOCC tumor invasive margin show a significant upregulation of WNT signaling and higher mRNA/protein levels of fibroblast growth factor 20 (FGF20). Tumor epithelial cells at tumor invasive margin of EOCC tumors neighboring FAP(+) CAFs show significantly higher mRNA/protein levels of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR2) and PI3K/Akt signaling activation. NichNET analysis show a potential interaction between FGF20 and FGFFR2. The role of FGF20 in activating FGFR2/pFGFR2 and AKT/pAKT was validated in-vitro. In conclusion, we identify a unique FAP(+) CAF population that showed WNT signaling upregulation and increased FGF20 levels; while neighbor tumor cells show the upregulation/activation of FGFR2-PI3K/Akt signaling at the tumor invasive margin of EOCC tumors.
Multisensory input modulates memory-guided spatial navigation in humans
Authors: Iggena Deetje , Jeung Sein , Maier Patrizia M. , Ploner Christoph J. , Gramann Klaus , Finke Carsten
Published: November 2023

Efficient navigation is supported by a cognitive map of space. The hippocampus plays a key role for this map by linking multimodal sensory information with spatial memory representations. However, in human navigation studies, the full range of sensory information is often unavailable due to the stationarity of experimental setups. We investigated the contribution of multisensory information to memory-guided spatial navigation by presenting a virtual version of the Morris water maze on a screen and in an immersive mobile virtual reality setup. Patients with hippocampal lesions and matched controls navigated to memorized object locations in relation to surrounding landmarks. Our results show that availability of multisensory input improves memory-guided spatial navigation in both groups. It has distinct effects on navigational behaviour, with greater improvement in spatial memory performance in patients. We conclude that congruent multisensory information shifts computations to extrahippocampal areas that support spatial navigation and compensates for spatial navigation deficits.
Deep learning and single-cell phenotyping for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility detection in Escherichia coli
Authors: Zagajewski Alexander , Turner Piers , Feehily Conor , El Sayyed Hafez , Andersson Monique , Barrett Lucinda , Oakley Sarah , Stracy Mathew , Crook Derrick , Nellåker Christoffer , Stoesser Nicole , Kapanidis Achillefs N.
Published: November 2023

The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest public health challenges, already causing up to 1.2 million deaths annually and rising. Current culture-based turnaround times for bacterial identification in clinical samples and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) are typically 18–24 h. We present a novel proof-of-concept methodological advance in susceptibility testing based on the deep-learning of single-cell specific morphological phenotypes directly associated with antimicrobial susceptibility in Escherichia coli. Our models can reliably (80% single-cell accuracy) classify untreated and treated susceptible cells for a lab-reference fully susceptible E. coli strain, across four antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, rifampicin and co-amoxiclav). For ciprofloxacin, we demonstrate our models reveal significant (p < 0.001) differences between bacterial cell populations affected and unaffected by antibiotic treatment, and show that given treatment with a fixed concentration of 10 mg/L over 30 min these phenotypic effects correlate with clinical susceptibility defined by established clinical breakpoints. Deploying our approach on cell populations from six E. coli strains obtained from human bloodstream infections with varying degrees of ciprofloxacin resistance and treated with a range of ciprofloxacin concentrations, we show single-cell phenotyping has the potential to provide equivalent information to growth-based AST assays, but in as little as 30 min.
Evaluation of pliable bioresorbable, elastomeric aortic valve prostheses in sheep during 12 months post implantation
Authors: Vis Annemijn , de Kort Bente J. , Szymczyk Wojciech , van Rijswijk Jan Willem , Dekker Sylvia , Driessen Rob , Wijkstra Niels , Gründeman Paul F. , Niessen Hans W. M. , Janssen Henk M. , Söntjens Serge H. M. , Dankers Patricia Y. W. , Smits Anthal I. P. M. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Kluin Jolanda
Published: November 2023

Pliable microfibrous, bioresorbable elastomeric heart valve prostheses are investigated in search of sustainable heart valve replacement. These cell-free implants recruit cells and trigger tissue formation on the valves in situ. Our aim is to investigate the behaviour of these heart valve prostheses when exposed to the high-pressure circulation. We conducted a 12-month follow-up study in sheep to evaluate the in vivo functionality and neo-tissue formation of these valves in the aortic position. All valves remained free from endocarditis, thrombotic complications and macroscopic calcifications. Cell colonisation in the leaflets was mainly restricted to the hinge area, while resorption of synthetic fibers was limited. Most valves were pliable and structurally intact (10/15), however, other valves (5/15) showed cusp thickening, retraction or holes in the leaflets. Further research is needed to assess whether in-situ heart valve tissue engineering in the aortic position is possible or whether non-resorbable synthetic pliable prostheses are preferred.
Propagation of PrPSc in mice reveals impact of aggregate composition on prion disease pathogenesis
Authors: Chang Sheng Chun , Hannaoui Samia , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Huang Yuan-Hung , Tang Xinli , Wille Holger , Gilch Sabine
Published: November 2023

Infectious prions consist of PrPSc, a misfolded, aggregation-prone isoform of the host’s prion protein. PrPSc assemblies encode distinct biochemical and biological properties. They harbor a specific profile of PrPSc species, from small oligomers to fibrils in different ratios, where the highest infectivity aligns with oligomeric particles. To investigate the impact of PrPSc aggregate complexity on prion propagation, biochemical properties, and disease pathogenesis, we fractionated elk prions by sedimentation velocity centrifugation, followed by sub-passages of individual fractions in cervidized mice. Upon first passage, different fractions generated PrPSc with distinct biochemical, biophysical, and neuropathological profiles. Notably, low or high molecular weight PrPSc aggregates caused different clinical signs of hyperexcitability or lethargy, respectively, which were retained over passage, whereas other properties converged. Our findings suggest that PrPSc quaternary structure determines an initial selection of a specific replication environment, resulting in transmissible features that are independent of PrPSc biochemical and biophysical properties.
A robust method to improve the regression accuracy of LIBS data: determination of heavy metal Cu in Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Huang Jie , Chen Xiaojing , Xie Zhonghao , Ali Shujat , Chen Xi , Yuan Leiming , Jiang Chengxi , Huang Guangzao , Shi Wen
Published: November 2023

Tegillarca granosa (T. granosa) is susceptible to contamination by heavy metals, which poses potential health risks for consumers.
Facilely printed silk fibroin hydrogel microparticles as injectable long-lasting fillers
Authors: Xie Chunyu , Yang Xiao , Zheng Fan , Shi Jiahao , Huo Caixia , Wang Zuyuan , Reis Rui L. , Kundu Subhas C. , Xiao Bo , Duan Lian
Published: November 2023

A regenerated silk fibroin hydrogel is facilely printed by a screen to obtain injectable microparticles. The microparticles possess desirable biocompatibility and lasting filling effects and have great potential for facial rejuvenation.
Fluorination on cyclopentadithiophene-based hole-transport materials for high-performance perovskite solar cells
Authors: Adugna Gizachew Belay , Lee Kun-Mu , Hsieh Hsiao-Chi , Lu Shih-I , Hsieh Yu-Chien , Yang June Hung , Chiu Wei-Hao , Liau Kang-Ling , Tao Yu-Tai , Lin Yan-Duo
Published: November 2023

A new class of fluorinated cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dithiophene (CPDT)-based small molecules, namely YC-oF, YC-mF, and YC-H, are demonstrated as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
High-performance SERS chips for sensitive identification and detection of antibiotic residues with self-assembled hollow Ag octahedra
Authors: Tan Lu , Lou Yongbing , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: November 2023

Self-assembled hollow Ag octahedra on PDMS were employed to fabricate SERS chips for sensitive detection and precise identification of antibiotics.
Enzymatic synthesis of pharmacologically relevant chiral sulfoxides by improved CbBVMO variants
Authors: Zhao Chen , Liu Feng , Zhou Min , Geng Qiang , Yu Hui-Lei
Published: November 2023

Here we report a mutant of CbBVMO with dramatically increased activity and showed promising results in the biosynthesis of proton pump inhibitor drugs.
Graphene-edge-supported iron dual-atom for oxygen reduction electrocatalysts
Authors: Sumbowo Joel F. , Ihsan Farhan A. , Fathurrahman Fadjar , Amalia Nadya , Akbar Fiki T. , Yudistira Hadi T. , Mobarak Nadhratun N. , Dipojono Hermawan K. , Wella Sasfan A. , Saputro Adhitya G.
Published: November 2023

Fe-DAC active site at the graphitic edge: comparable ORR performance to the state-of-the-art Pt catalyst.
Deciphering I–V characteristics in molecular electronics with the benefit of an analytical model
Authors: Taherinia Davood , Frisbie C. Daniel
Published: November 2023

The current–voltage behavior of molecular tunnel junctions can be analyzed with a simple model to reveal key electronic structure characteristics.
Chiroptical activity of benzannulated N-heterocyclic carbene rhenium(i) tricarbonyl halide complexes: towards efficient circularly polarized luminescence emitters
Authors: Giuso Valerio , Gourlaouen Christophe , Delporte--Pébay Mathias , Groizard Thomas , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Crassous Jeanne , Daniel Chantal , Mauro Matteo
Published: November 2023

The work describes the in-depth experimental and computational investigation of a novel series of enantiomerically pure, circularly polarized emitters based on tris-carbonyl Re(i) complexes.
A highly efficient Mn4+ activated Nb-based oxyfluoride red fluorescent material with excellent water stability: preparation and performance analysis
Authors: Wang Ruiyang , Zhou Hui , Shi Wenjie , Yu Xiaofang , Mi Xiaoyun , Liu Xiuling , Wang Yanping
Published: November 2023

Mn4+-activated oxyfluoride K3NbOF5(HF2):Mn4+ red phosphor has high quantum efficiency; the CCT can be as low as 3853 K and Ra can reach 90.1. The fluorescence lifetime of K3NbOF5(HF2):Mn4+ is less than 4 ms.
2D antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN with interesting properties
Authors: Wang Zhicui , Lou Huan , Yan Xu , Liu Yong , Yang Guochun
Published: November 2023

The antiferromagnetic FeCN monolayer with edge-sharing Fe triangle sublattices exhibits a large magnetic anisotropy energy of 614 μeV per Fe atom and a narrow band gap of 0.47 eV.
Comprehensive understanding of iron-catalyzed Fischer–Tropsch synthesis product distribution with extensive reliable data
Authors: Song Kunpeng , Li Xiaofeng , Li Wentao , Zhou Xiong , Zhou Liping , Xiang Hongwei , Yang Yong , Li Yongwang
Published: November 2023

By integrating state-of-the-art characterization techniques, the work provided a more comprehensive perspective on FTS product distribution.
Environmental safety of nanocellulose: an acute in vivo study with marine mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Rusconi Tatiana , Riva Laura , Punta Carlo , Solé Montserrat , Corsi Ilaria
Published: November 2023

The growing application of nanocellulose in various industrial sectors with potential release into the natural environment demands a safety assessment and thus ecotoxicity.
Enhanced thermostability of Streptomyces mobaraensis transglutaminase via computation-aided site-directed mutations and structural analysis
Authors: Li Yongzhen , Wu Banghao , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Lanxuan , Bai Linquan , Shi Ting
Published: November 2023

Streptomyces mobaraensis transglutaminase (smTG) has been widely used in the food processing industry for protein crosslinking.
An ultrafast and self-powered MoSxSe2−x/Si photodetector with high light-trapping structures and a SiOx interface layer
Authors: Yue Zhen , Shen Honglie , Wang Chen , Xu Yajun , Zheng Jinjie , Li Yufang , Zhang Jingzhe , Chen Jianian , Bai Hang , Li Hechao , Zeng Jiuchuan , Wang Long
Published: November 2023

MoSxSe2−x nanofilms, as a typical metal dichalcogenide, have attracted great interest, due to their adjustable bandgap and distinctive electronic and optical properties.
Electron-beam writing of a relaxor ferroelectric polymer for multiplexing information storage and encryption
Authors: Li Yongshuang , Chen Yingxin , Fang Huigui , Shi Jingchao , Xue Yichen , Ma Rongjie , Zhou Jingtao , Yao Ni , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: November 2023

A template-free electron beam lithography (EBL) technique was developed to arbitrarily write ferroelectric nanopatterns of P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) and applied them for high-security-level multiplexing memory.
In situ construction of a hierarchical TiO2/Ti3C2 hybrid via water steam etching for high-performance potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Tengfei , Wang Lu , Duan Junwen , Liu Zifeng , Zhou Dan , Xue Chang , Xiao Zhubing
Published: November 2023

A TiO2/Ti3C2 hybrid has been synthesized via a water steam etching method, where the synergistic effects between the TiO2 and Ti3C2 MXenes enable the derived electrode to achieve an outstanding rate capability and long-term cycling performance.
Mechanistic studies on the formation of ternary oxides by thermal oxidation of the cubic laves phase CaAl2
Authors: Gießelmann Elias C. J. , Engel Stefan , Volpini Johannes G. , Huppertz Hubert , Kickelbick Guido , Janka Oliver
Published: November 2023

The oxidation of the intermetallic compound CaAl2 does not lead, as one might expect, to CaAl2O4, but instead, Ca12Al14O33 is formed. This compound reacts in subsequent annealing steps with also formed Al2O3 to the expected phase.
A novel yttrium stabilized zirconia and ceria composite electrolyte lowering solid oxide fuel cells working temperature to 400 °C
Authors: Liu Yu , Zuo Liwen , Ye Yulian , Jiang Cong , Zheng Dan , Liu Chunlei , Wang Baoyuan , Wang Xunying
Published: November 2023

Reducing the working temperature and improving the ionic conductivity of electrolytes have been the critical challenges for the gradual development of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) in practical applications.
Facile fabrication of Fe3O4@Mg(OH)2 magnetic composites and their application in Cu(ii) ion removal
Authors: Zhu Jiachen , Li Ping , Yang Bowen , Lan Shengjie , Chen Weiyuan , Zhu Donghai
Published: November 2023

Fe3O4@Mg(OH)2 composites were prepared through a facile and environment-friendly method. The composites have superparamagnetic properties, allowing easy recycling, and a high adsorption capacity toward Cu(ii) ions.
Dopamine levels determined in synthetic urine using an electrochemical tyrosinase biosensor based on ZnO@Au core–shell
Authors: Beatto Thainá G. , Gomes Wyllerson E. , Etchegaray Augusto , Gupta Ruchi , Mendes Renata K.
Published: November 2023

Simple, highly sensitive (nmol L−1) and low-cost biosensor based on tyrosinase immobilised on ZnO@Au core–shell to determine dopamine in real samples.
Measurement of anisotropic volumetric resistivity in lithium ion electrodes
Authors: Lain M. J. , Apachitei G. , Dogaru D.-E. , Widanage W. D. , Marco J. , Copley M.
Published: November 2023

Lithium ion electrodes with carbon fibres can show X–Y anisotropy in their electronic conductivity. The interface resistance between coatings and foils is much larger than the coating resistance; for cathodes the former is reduced by calendering.
Complexation study of a 1,3-phenylene-bridged cyclic hexa-naphthalene with fullerenes C60 and C70 in solution and 1D-alignment of fullerenes in the crystals
Authors: Mei Peifeng , Morimoto Hirofumi , Okada Yuta , Matsuo Kyohei , Hayashi Hironobu , Saeki Akinori , Yamada Hiroko , Aratani Naoki
Published: November 2023

Host–guest interactions between a cyclic hexa-naphthalene and fullerenes were investigated in solution and in the solid state. The complexes in the crystals showed a 1D-array of fullerenes and semiconducting properties.
The synthesis of bupropion hydrochloride under greener and safer conditions utilizing flow technologies
Authors: van Wyk Lorinda T. , Neyt Nicole C. , Jugmohan Jaimee , Panayides Jenny-Lee , Riley Darren L.
Published: November 2023

Globally, major depressive disorders are a leading cause of disconsolateness affecting more than 300 million individuals.
Inducing stratification of colloidal mixtures with a mixed binary solvent
Authors: Liu Binghan , Grest Gary S. , Cheng Shengfeng
Published: November 2023

Colloidal mixtures suspended in a binary solvent can be driven into stratification by the concentration gradients of the solvent components that have developed during rapid evaporation.
Different drug loading methods and antibiotic structure modulate the efficacy of polydopamine nanoparticles as drug nanocarriers
Authors: Patel Meera , Andoy Nesha May O. , Tran Susannah Megan , Jeon Keuna , Sullan Ruby May A.
Published: November 2023

Polydopamine relies on loading method and antibiotic structure for drug delivery.
Impact of the dopant location in the semi-crystalline structure of alternated donor–acceptor copolymers on the polarity switching p → n mechanism
Authors: Dyaga Bharath , Lemaire Antoine , Guchait Shubhradip , Zeng Huiyan , Schmaltz Bruno , Brinkmann Martin
Published: November 2023

The location of dopants in the crystalline and/or amorphous domains of D–A polymers determines the polarity switching of the Seebeck coefficient.
Interface engineering towards high conductivity of a model organic plastic micro-surface by microbubble lithography
Authors: Ranjan Anand Dev , Sen Rakesh , Vaippully Rahul , Kumar Sumeet , Dutta Soumya , Roy Basudev , Mukherjee Goutam Dev , Roy Soumyajit , Banerjee Ayan
Published: November 2023

We pattern PEDOT:PSS using microbubble lithography on glass and PDMS, and obtain more than twenty-fold conductivity increase on the latter due to melting of PSS shells by laser absorption and reorganization of the polymers into linear conformations.
Silver sulfide thin film solar cells: materials, fabrication methods, devices, and challenges
Authors: Dong Weiwei , Fu Junjie , Yang Jin , Ren Shu , Zhu Haonan , Wang Yusen , Hao Jianchao , Zhang Yange , Zheng Zhi
Published: November 2023

This review summarizes the current research status on fabrication methods, device structure selection, design and optimization of Ag2S thin films. Insights into achieving high-efficiency Ag2S devices by improving the crystallinity of the absorber layer and reducing interface defects are discussed.
Colloidal KLu3F10:Tb3+ persistent luminescence nanocrystal based flexible detectors for 3D X-ray imaging
Authors: Xie Fei , Chen Dongxun , Zhang Yi , Lv Xulong , Chen Xin , Sun Kangning , Liang Yanjie
Published: November 2023

Colloidal KLu3F10:Tb3+ persistent luminescence NCs have been synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method, and exhibit excellent flexibility and high sensitivity for X-ray detection and imaging applications.
Improved resistive switching performance through donor–acceptor structure construction in memristors based on covalent organic framework films
Authors: Wu Dongchuang , Zhang Qiongshan , Gu Ning , Cao Yang , Sun Youyi , Zhang Bin , Chen Yu
Published: November 2023

The impact of acceptors on memory performance was explored based on two COF film-based devices with different donor–acceptor structures.
Relationships Between Psychological Distress and Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Experiences of Stuttering
Authors: Panzarino Randy , Vanryckeghem Martine , Bedwell Jeffrey S. , Wendt Oliver
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

People who stutter (PWS) are vulnerable to the development of various psychopathological symptoms, although prevalence data are mixed and less clarity exists about factors that potentially influence their occurrence. The current study sought to shed light on the prevalence of self-reported psychopathology in PWS and aimed to identify relationships between affective, behavioral, and cognitive (ABC) experiences of stuttering and psychological distress (PD).

Method:

Forty-four PWS were administered the Behavior Assessment Battery (BAB) for Adults who Stutter and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18. The prevalence of clinically significant PD was calculated via BSI-18 global severity index
t
-score cutoffs. Regression analyses examined relationships between ABC variables of stuttering and PD.

Results:

Participants' BAB scores approximated normative values, while the PD score distribution was similar to that of a nonclinical sample. Nine percent of participants met thresholds for clinically significant PD. All ABC correlates of stuttering significantly and positively correlated with PD scores, capturing considerable amounts of shared variance.

Conclusions:

Levels of PD in PWS approximate those of the general community, highlighting the existence of psychologically distressed subgroups of PWS. Speech situation-specific anxiety had the strongest relationship to PD, followed closely by one's report of situation-specific speech disruption. To a lesser but still significant extent, PWS' frequency to which they engage in various avoidance/escape behaviors, as well as their communication attitude, predicted levels of psychopathology. These data inform diagnostic and clinical decision making, drawing attention to factors that should be attended to in treatment.
Go Beyond Compliance: Use Individualized Education Programs to Answer Strategic Questions and Improve Programs
Authors: Woods Adrienne D. , Ireland Marie C. , Murphy Kimberly A. , Lancaster Hope Sparks
Published: November 2023

Purpose:

The most significant document to ensure effective and compliant design, implementation, monitoring, and enforcement of a program of special education services in the United States is the Individualized Education Program (IEP). Although IEPs have been used to document procedural compliance with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) for individual students, IEPs also provide extensive data that can and should be used by a variety of stakeholders including speech-language pathologists (SLPs), school administrators, and state education agencies to design targeted professional development and collectively improve programs, processes, and outcomes in special education.

Method:

We summarize existing literature on the use of IEP data and describe opportunities to use IEP data to analyze individual student service patterns and SLP practice patterns. Aggregated IEP data also provide a robust view of district-wide and state trends in eligibility rates and least restrictive environment settings. Information on current and potential IEP data uses, reflection questions for substantive compliance, and lessons learned from a large-scale analysis of IEP data are provided. These lessons include potential software adjustments to enhance usability as a data source for substantive compliance; program improvement; and monitoring individual, school-wide, and district-wide outcomes.

Conclusions:

IEP data are a rich data source of information that may be used to (a) identify trends; (b) assist schools, districts, and states with ensuring substantive compliance with IDEA; (c) examine service equity and efficacy; (d) identify professional development needs; and (e) identify promising practices and provide opportunities to use real-time data to improve models and address public policy.
Analytical model of no‐load axial force for electric propulsion conical motor in electric aircraft
Authors: Fan Yukun , Liang Peixin , Liang Lihao , Zhang Dian , Liu Weiguo , Zhang Xiaoke
Published: November 2023

In the field of electric aircraft, the axial force of the conical motor is used to offset propeller thrust and reduce bearing wear. For the problem of accurate calculation of the no‐load axial force of the conical motor, combined with the characteristics that the rotor magnetic bridge of the hybrid conical inner‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (HC‐IPMSM) is easy to be saturated and difficult to be calculated analytically, an equivalent analytical calculation method is proposed. According to the principle of constant air‐gap magnetic flux, the HC‐IPMSM is equivalent to many cylindrical surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (CY‐SPMSM), and an analytical model is gained. Combining with the scalar magnetic potential Laplace equation and Poisson equation, the air‐gap flux density distribution on the rotor surface is calculated. And finally, the no‐load axial force of the motor is obtained by using the cone angle and the Maxwell stress method. Simulation and experiments verify the correctness and validity of the analytical model.
Optimal dispatch of a mobile storage unit to support electric vehicles charging stations
Authors: Elmeligy Mohamed M. , Shaaban Mostafa F. , Azzouz Maher A. , Azab Ahmed , Mokhtar Mohamed
Published: November 2023

As transportation electrification increases globally, new technologies emerged in the past few years to meet the growth of the electricity demand. Mobile Energy Storage Systems (MESS) offer versatile solutions, aiding distribution systems with reactive power, renewables integration, and peak shaving. An MESS can be utilized to serve electric vehicles (EVs) in different parking lots (PLs), in addition to supplying power to the grid during overloads. The task of multiple stationary units can be achieved using MESS at a relatively lower cost. This paper proposes an MESS owned by multiple PLs sharing the same geographical area and sharing its capital and operational cost. The main objective of the proposed approach is to dispatch the MESS in conjunction with optimal EVs’ charging coordination to minimize operational costs and address the extra demand of PLs. A mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem is formulated and solved. Considering electricity price variations and EVs uncertainties, three different case studies are performed to highlight the efficiency and success of the proposed approach. The simulation results in a huge reduction in the total operation cost and the savings reach up to 27.51% in comparison with the base case.
Linear generator design for concentrating solar power technologies: Optimization and prototype development
Authors: Arslan Serdal , Akkaya Oy Sibel
Published: November 2023

An alternative way to generate electricity from solar energy is through the use of generators comprising Stirling engines with a parabolic collector. This study describes a parabolic collector with Stirling engine and investigates the design of a linear mobile generator for these systems. Especially for direct drive in free piston mechanisms proposed for these systems, linear generators are important due to their advantages such as compact structure, light weight, high efficiency and high power intensity. Although conventional one‐phase and three‐phase multi slot/pole models are widely available in the literature, three phase is considered for lower PM cost and to reduce the cost of power electronics and 3/2 slot/pole combination is considered for high speed and frequency. In this study, a new 3/2 slot/pole three‐phase tube‐type linear generator was designed and evaluated for performance and manufacturability. Objective functions were defined for power and efficiency increase to reduce generator power ripple, and the results of Mixed‐Integer Sequential Quadratic Programming, Multi‐Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA), and Screening methods were compared and examined. Performance of the two‐dimensional and optimized models was evaluated in terms of induced voltage, power density, efficiency, and output power. The best results were found with MOGA compared to other methods. When compared with the initial value, there was a 97.3% increase in power density for a 32.4% increase in moving weight. Moreover, the efficiency of the MOGA model is improved by 16.2% compared with the initial model. Additionally, significant improvements were shown in terms of thrust coefficient, voltage coefficient, power, and no‐load voltage. A prototype of the model was made and a motor‐driven crank mechanism system was used in place of the Stirling engine to undertake practical measurements.
A fully‐automatic side‐scan sonar simultaneous localization and mapping framework
Authors: Zhang Jun , Xie Yiping , Ling Li , Folkesson John
Published: November 2023

Side‐scan sonar is a lightweight acoustic sensor that is frequently deployed on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to provide high‐resolution seafloor images. However, using side‐scan images to perform simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) remains a challenge when there is a lack of 3D bathymetric information and discriminant features in the side‐scan images. To tackle this, the authors propose a feature‐based SLAM framework using side‐scan sonar, which is able to automatically detect and robustly match keypoints between paired side‐scan images. The authors then use the detected correspondences as constraints to optimise the AUV pose trajectory. The proposed method is evaluated on real data collected by a Hugin AUV, using as a ground truth reference both manually‐annotated keypoints and a 3D bathymetry mesh from multibeam echosounder (MBES). Experimental results demonstrate that this approach is able to reduce drifts from the dead‐reckoning system. The framework is made publicly available for the benefit of the community.
Temporal false data injection attack and detection on cyber‐physical power system based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Fu Wei , Yan Yunqi , Chen Ying , Wang Zhisheng , Zhu Danlong , Jin Longxing
Published: November 2023

False data injection (FDI) attacks are serious threats to a cyber‐physical power system (CPPS), which may be launched by a malicious software or virus accessing only the measurements from one substation. This study proposes a novel attack method named the temporal FDI (TFDI) attack. Namely, the virus makes decisions based on temporal observations of the CPPS, and the attack is driven by a deep Q network (DQN) algorithm. As DQN takes vectors of continuous variables as input states, the proposed method is free of the state space explosion problem, which helps the virus to learn the optimal attack strategy efficiently. Moreover, for adopting time‐series measurements as quasi‐dynamic observations, long short‐term memory cells are employed as a layer of the Q network. The TFDI attack enables the virus to discern trends of load variations and enhance the attack’s effectiveness. Meanwhile, a countermeasure is also presented to detect the proposed FDI attack. Binary classifiers are trained for each bus to detect suspicious local measurements according to their deviations from system‐state manifolds. When suspicious measurements are spotted frequently, the corresponding bus is believed to be under FDI attacks. Test cases validate the efficacy of the proposed FDI attack method as well as its countermeasure.
A first rapid synoptic magnetic field map using SDO/HMI and SO/PHI data
Authors: Loeschl P. , Valori G. , Hirzberger J. , Schou J. , Solanki S. K. , Orozco Suárez D. , Albert K. , Albelo Jorge N. , Appourchaux T. , Alvarez-Herrero A. , Blanco Rodríguez J. , Gandorfer A. , Germerott D. , Guerrero L. , Gutierrez-Marques P. , Kahil F. , Kolleck M. , del Toro Iniesta J. C. , Volkmer R. , Woch J. , Fiethe B. , Pérez-Grande I. , Sanchis Kilders E. , Balaguer Jiménez M. , Bellot Rubio L. R. , Calchetti D. , Carmona M. , Deutsch W. , Feller A. , Fernandez-Rico G. , Fernández-Medina A. , García Parejo P. , Gasent Blesa J. L. , Gizon L. , Grauf B. , Heerlein K. , Korpi-Lagg A. , Lange T. , López Jiménez A. , Maue T. , Meller R. , Moreno Vacas A. , Müller R. , Nakai E. , Schmidt W. , Schühle U. , Sinjan J. , Staub J. , Strecker H. , Torralbo I.
Published: November 2023

Context. Traditionally, the observation time needed to build synoptic maps of the solar magnetic field is bound to the 27 days of a full Carrington rotation due to the single viewpoint from Earth.

Aims. Our aim is to reduce this observation time to 13.5 days by combining magnetograms from two vantage points, 180° apart in longitude in the ideal case.

Methods. We combined observations taken by the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager (SO/PHI) during the superior conjunction of the Solar Orbiter in February 2021 with data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (SDO/HMI) and constructed a synoptic map of the line-of-sight magnetic field of CR 2240.

Resuls. The result is the first multi-view synoptic map using SDO/HMI and SO/PHI data from an observing period of only 16 days. Comparing the multi-view synoptic map to the standard synoptic map of SDO/HMI shows a significant amount of magnetic evolution between the dates on which the two instruments observed the same solar longitudes. The changed magnetic field was caught by the multi-view synoptic map but would have been missed by a standard synoptic map.

Conclusions. Our results demonstrate that multi-view synoptic maps provide a new method to obtain a more instantaneous map of the magnetic field over the entire solar surface.
Less is less: Photometry alone cannot predict the observed spectral indices of z ~ 1 galaxies from the LEGA-C spectroscopic survey
Authors: Nersesian Angelos , van der Wel Arjen , Gallazzi Anna , Leja Joel , Bezanson Rachel , Bell Eric F. , D’Eugenio Francesco , de Graaff Anna , Kaushal Yasha , Martorano Marco , Maseda Michael , Zibetti Stefano
Published: November 2023

Aims. We test whether we can predict optical spectra from deep-field photometry of distant galaxies. Our goal is to perform a comparison in data space, highlighting the differences between predicted and observed spectra.

Methods. The Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census (LEGA-C) provides high-quality optical spectra of thousands of galaxies at redshift 0.6 < z < 1. Broadband photometry of the same galaxies, drawn from the recent COSMOS2020 catalog, is used to predict the optical spectra with the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code Prospector and the MILES stellar library. The observed and predicted spectra are compared in terms of two age and metallicity-sensitive absorption features (HδA and Fe4383).

Results. The global bimodality of star-forming and quiescent galaxies in photometric space is recovered with the model spectra. However, the presence of a systematic offset in the Fe4383 line strength and the weak correlation between the observed and modeled line strength imply that accurate age or metallicity determinations cannot be inferred from photometry alone.

Conclusions. For now we caution that photometry-based estimates of stellar population properties are determined mostly by the modeling approach and not the physical properties of galaxies, even when using the highest-quality photometric datasets and state-of-the-art fitting techniques. When exploring a new physical parameter space (i.e. redshift or galaxy mass) high-quality spectroscopy is always needed to inform the analysis of photometry.
Relativistic shocks in conductive media
Authors: Loules Argyrios , Vlahakis Nektarios
Published: November 2023

Context. Relativistic shocks are present in all high-energy astrophysical processes involving relativistic plasma outflows interacting with their ambient medium. While they are well understood in the context of relativistic hydrodynamics and ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), there is a limited understanding of the properties related to their propagation in media characterized by finite electrical conductivity.

Aims. This work presents a systematic method for the derivation and solution of the jump conditions for relativistic shocks propagating in MHD media with finite electrical conductivity. This method is applied to the numerical solution of the Riemann problem and the determination of the conditions inside the blastwave that is formed when ultrarelativistic magnetized ejecta interact with the circumburst medium during a gamma-ray burst.

Methods. We derived the covariant relations expressing the jump conditions in a frame-independent manner. The resulting algebraic equations expressing the Rankine-Hugoniot conditions in the propagation medium’s frame were then solved numerically. A variable adiabatic index equation of state was used in order to obtain a realistic description of the post-shock fluid’s thermodynamics. This method was then employed for the solution of the Riemann problem for the case of a forward and a reverse shock, both of which form during the interaction of a gamma-ray burst ejecta with the circumburst medium. This allowed us to determine the kinematics of the resulting blastwave and the dynamical conditions in its interior.

Results. Our solutions clearly depict the impact of the plasma’s electrical conductivity in the properties of the post-shock medium. Two characteristic regimes are identified with respect to the value of a dimensionless parameter that has a linear dependence on the conductivity. For small values of this parameter, the shock affects only the hydrodynamic properties of the propagation medium and leaves its electromagnetic field unaffected. No current layer forms in the shock front; thus, we refer to this as the current-free regime. For large values of this parameter, the ideal MHD regime has been retrieved. We also show that the assumption of a finite electrical conductivity can lead to higher efficiencies in the conversion of the ejecta energy into thermal energy of the blastwave through the reverse shock. The theory developed in this work can be applied to the construction of Riemann solvers for resistive relativistic MHD (RR4MHD).
Agriculture and International Organization in Indonesia: The Twitter Analysis of FAO Indonesia
Authors: Maksum Ali , Zarina Alimuddin Sitti , Sahide Ahmad , Muhammad Ali , Mahmud Akmal Ma’arif Hilman
Published: November 2023

World agriculture confronts diverse challenges, including climate change, food security, soil degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and rural poverty. Addressing these interlinked issues necessitates a collaborative, multidisciplinary approach involving governments, farmers, scientists, civil society, and international organizations. Understanding the role of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in Indonesia is pivotal. Analyzing the Twitter activities of FAO Indonesia (@FAOIndonesia) provides insights into their efforts related to Indonesian agriculture. This study employs qualitative content analysis, utilizing NVivo software to assess sentiment, dominant themes, and specific topics within @FAOIndonesia’s Twitter account. The findings reveal a prevalence of negative sentiment over positive sentiment in FAO Indonesia’s Twitter discourse. Furthermore, the dominance of “https” in word frequency indicates that FAO Indonesia primarily shares links to access detailed information on agriculture issues, rather than providing comprehensive information directly on Twitter. This research yields significant insights into agriculture issues in Indonesia, valuable for policymakers and international organizations operating in the country, highlighting the need for more direct communication and information dissemination to address the multifaceted challenges facing agriculture.
Analysis of the Adoption Rate of Lowland Rice Technology in Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi Province
Authors: Sondakh Joula O.M. , Da Silva Helena , Rembang H.W. Janne , Lintang Meivie , Markus Rawung B. Jefny , Joseph H. Gabriel , Hutapea Ronald T.P. , Wamaer Demas , Ayu Putu Mahendri I. Gusti
Published: November 2023

Farming technology will be successful if farmers adopt it correctly. The research aims to determine the level of farmers’ adoption of lowland rice farming technology. The research location was in Bolaang Mongondow Regency in October 2022, using a survey technique of 30 lowland rice farmers. Adoption data were analyzed descriptively and Spearman’s correlation statistic test. The results of the correlation test showed that there was a negative relationship between the adoption of technology components and age and education, but was positive for farming experience, land area, innovation characteristics. The information channel correlation is not significantly related at the level of α = 0.05 with the technology component adopted, this means that there are many information channels that can be utilized but farmers do not directly apply the technology obtained. Meanwhile, the adoption of lowland rice technology components, namely harvest handling - post-harvest, was 96.67%, the use of NSV and intermittent irrigation was 90% each, and other technological components were below 80%. The government has an important role in introducing technological innovations by adjusting the level of needs and whereabouts of farmers to technological components so that they can be adopted for the expected increase in productivity.