bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Pendidikan CEO, Kualitas Auditor Eksternal, Dan CSR Terhadap Tax Aggressiveness Dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Kontrol
Authors: Ernawati Iis , Suryarini Trisni
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of CEO education, quality of external auditors, and CSR on tax aggressiveness. The population used in this study are multinational companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2018-2021 with a total of 203 companies. The sampling method used a purposive sampling technique and 332 analysis units. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis with the help of the StataMP version 17 application analysis tool.  The results showed that CEO education and CSR had an effect on tax aggressiveness, while quality of external auditors had no effect on tax aggressiveness.Keywords: CEO Education, Quality of External Auditors, CSR, Firm Size, Tax AggressivenessABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh pendidikan CEO, kualitas auditor eksternal, dan CSR terhadap tax aggressiveness. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan multinasional yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) pada tahun 2018-2021 sebanyak 203 perusahaan. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan terpilih 332 unit analisis. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial dengan bantuan alat analisis aplikasi StataMP versi 17. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan CEO dan CSR berpengaruh terhadap tax aggressiveness, sedangkan kualitas auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax aggressiveness.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan CEO, Kualitas Auditor Eksternal, CSR, Ukuran Perusahaan, Tax Aggressiveness
Pengaruh Transfer Pricing, Capital Intensity, Komite Audit, dan Profitabilitas terhadap Tax Avoidance
Authors: Hidayah Nurul , Puspita Dewi Ayu
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aims to examine and analyze the influence of transfer pricing, capital intensity, audit committee, and profitability on tax avoidance in multinational mining companies. The research method employed is quantitative research. The data source for the study consists of annual reports of multinational mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the period 2017-2021.  Samples were obtained from as many as 30 data observations with the purposive sampling technique. The hypothesis testing methods used include multiple linear regression, F-test, T-test, and R2 test. The research findings indicate that transfer pricing has a negative effect on tax avoidance, while capital intensity, audit committee, and profitability do not have a significant impact on tax avoidance.  Companies that have good transfer pricing management can help reduce tax avoidance practices.Keywords: Transfer pricing, Capital intensity, Audit committee, Profitability, Tax avoidanceABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh transfer pricing, capital intensity, komite audit, dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance pada perusahaan pertambangan multinasional. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif. Sumber data penelitian berupa laporan tahunan perusahaan pertambangan multinasional yang terdaftar di BEI periode 2017-2021. Sampel diperoleh sebanyak 30 data pengamatan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Metode pengujian hipotesis yang digunakan adalah regresi linear berganda, uji F, uji T, dan uji R2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transfer pricing berpengaruh negatif terhadap tax avoidance. Sementara capital intensity, komite audit, dan profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance. Perusahaan yang memiliki manajemen transfer pricing yang baik dapat membantu mengurangi praktik penghindaran pajak.Kata Kunci: Transfer pricing, Capital intensity, Komite audit, Profitabilitas, Tax avoidance
Determinants Analysis of Original Local Government Revenue in the Tourism Sector of the Special Regional of Yogyakarta
Authors: Sundawan Hilmy Pradana , Laksmi Ayu Chairina
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this research is to find out the effect of tourism investment, number of tourists, number of tourist attractions, hotel room occupancy rates, and tourism sector local tax on OLGR tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The data used is tourism investment, number of tourists, number of tourist attractions, hotel room occupancy rates, tourism sector local tax, and OLGR tourism sector in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2004 – 2022. This study is quantitative research with multiple linear regression. The results showed that number of tourist attractions, hotel room occupancy rates, and tourism sector local tax have a significant positive effect on the OLGR tourism sector. Tourism investment and number of tourists have no significant effect on OLGR tourism sector.Keywords: Government accounting, Local taxes, Multiple linear regression, Original local government revenue, Tourism investmentABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh investasi pariwisata, jumlah wisatawan, jumlah objek wisata, tingkat hunian kamar hotel, dan pajak daerah sektor pariwisata terhadap PAD sektor pariwisata di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling yaitu data investasi pariwisata, jumlah wisatawan, jumlah objek wisata, tingkat hunian kamar hotel, pajak daerah, dan PAD sektor pariwisata DIY tahun 2004 – 2022. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah objek wisata, tingkat hunian kamar hotel berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap PAD sektor pariwisata. Investasi pariwisata dan jumlah wisatawan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap PAD sektor pariwisata.Kata Kunci: Akuntansi pemerintahan, Investasi pariwisata, Pajak daerah, Pendapatan asli daerah, Regresi linear berganda
Láthatatlan hatalommegosztás
Authors: Pozsár-Szentmiklósy Zoltán
Published: June 2024

A 21. század elején a populista politika térnyerésével párhuzamosan Közép-Európában (és máshol is) a hatalommegosztás klasszikus intézményei, különösen a bírói függetlenség, az alkotmánybíráskodás és más, a politikai hatalmat korlátozó intézményi fékek és ellensúlyok jelentősen meggyengültek. A könyv azt a kérdést vizsgálja, hogy ezekben a politikai rendszerekben egyéb jogintézményeknek, eljárásoknak, jogi-dogmatikai konstrukcióknak lehet-e olyan hatása, amely korlátozza a központi politikai hatalom mozgásterét, ezzel pedig közvetve a hatalommegosztás alapvető funkcióját támogatja.Részletesen vizsgálva az országos népszavazás és az alkotmányellenes alkotmánymódosítás gyakorlatát Magyarországon, a Moldovai Köztársaságban és Romániában, a hatalommegosztás e „láthatatlan” rétegének működése pontosan kimutatható, ugyanakkor egy olyan sajátos trend is, hogy a központi politikai hatalom ezeket a jogintézményeket is képes saját hatalma megszilárdítására fordítani.
Defining Activity Thresholds Triggering a “Stand Hour” for Apple Watch Users: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lyons Katy , Hei Man Alison Hau , Booth David , Rena Graham
Published: June 2024

Background

Sedentary behavior (SB) is one of the largest contributing factors increasing the risk of developing noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Guidelines from the World Health Organization for physical activity suggest the substitution of SB with light physical activity. The Apple Watch contains a health metric known as the stand hour (SH). The SH is intended to record standing with movement for at least 1 minute per hour; however, the activity measured during the determination of the SH is unclear.

Objective

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the algorithm used to determine time spent standing per hour. To do this, we investigated activity measurements also recorded on Apple Watches that influence the recording of an SH. We also aimed to estimate the values of any significant SH predictors in the recording of a SH.

Methods

The cross-sectional study used anonymized data obtained in August 2022 from 20 healthy individuals gathered via convenience sampling. Apple Watch data were extracted from the Apple Health app through the use of a third-party app. Appropriate statistical models were fitted to analyze SH predictors.

Results

Our findings show that active energy (AE) and step count (SC) measurements influence the recording of an SH. Comparing when an SH is recorded with when an SH is not recorded, we found a significant difference in the mean and median AE and SC. Above a threshold of 97.5 steps or 100 kJ of energy, it became much more likely that an SH would be recorded when each predictor was analyzed as a separate entity.

Conclusions

The findings of this study reveal the pivotal role of AE and SC measurements in the algorithm underlying the SH recording; however, our findings also suggest that a recording of an SH is influenced by more than one factor. Irrespective of the internal validity of the SH metric, it is representative of light physical activity and might, therefore, have use in encouraging individuals through various means, for example, notifications, to reduce their levels of SB.
From the Public Health Perspective: a Scalable Model for Improving Epidemiological Testing Efficacy in Low- and Middle-Income Areas
Authors: Huang Xuefeng , Kong Qian-Yi , Wan Xiaowen , Huang Yating , Wang Rongrong , Wang Xiaoxue , Li Yingying , Wu Yuqing , Guan Chongyuan , Wang Junyang , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: June 2024

The globe is an organically linked whole, and in the pandemic era, COVID-19 has brought heavy public safety threats and economic costs to humanity as almost all countries began to pay more attention to taking steps to minimize the risk of harm to society from sudden-onset diseases. It is worth noting that in some low- and middle-income areas, where the environment for epidemic detection is complex, the causative and comorbid factors are numerous, and where public health resources are scarce. It is often more difficult than in other areas to obtain timely and effective detection and control in the event of widespread virus transmission, which, in turn, is a constant threat to local and global public health security. Pandemics are preventable through effective disease surveillance systems, with nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) as the mainstay of the control system, effectively controlling the spread of epidemics and preventing larger outbreaks. However, current state-of-the-art NPIs are not applicable in low- and middle-income areas and tend to be decentralized and costly. Based on a 3-year case study of SARS-CoV-2 preventive detection in low-income areas in south-central China, we explored a strategic model for enhancing disease detection efficacy in low- and middle-income areas. For the first time, we propose an integrated and comprehensive approach that covers structural, social, and personal strategies to optimize the epidemic surveillance system in low- and middle-income areas. This model can improve the local epidemic detection efficiency, ensure the health care needs of more people, reduce the public health costs in low- and middle-income areas in a coordinated manner, and ensure and strengthen local public health security sustainably.
The Prevalence of Missing Incidents and Their Antecedents Among Older Adult MedicAlert Subscribers: Retrospective Descriptive Study
Authors: Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Perez Hector , Choi Yoojin , Rutledge Emily , Daum Christine , Liu Lili
Published: June 2024

Background

With the population aging, the number of people living with dementia is expected to rise, which, in turn, is expected to lead to an increase in the prevalence of missing incidents due to critical wandering. However, the estimated prevalence of missing incidents due to dementia is inconclusive in some jurisdictions and overlooked in others.

Objective

The aims of the study were to examine (1) the demographic, psychopathological, and environmental antecedents to missing incidents due to critical wandering among older adult MedicAlert Foundation Canada (hereinafter MedicAlert) subscribers; and (2) the characteristics and outcomes of the missing incidents.

Methods

This study used a retrospective descriptive design. The sample included 434 older adult MedicAlert subscribers involved in 560 missing incidents between January 2015 and July 2021.

Results

The sample was overrepresented by White older adults (329/425, 77.4%). MedicAlert subscribers reported missing were mostly female older adults (230/431, 53.4%), living in urban areas with at least 1 family member (277/433, 63.8%). Most of the MedicAlert subscribers (345/434, 79.5%) self-reported living with dementia. MedicAlert subscribers went missing most frequently from their private homes in the community (96/143, 67.1%), traveling on foot (248/270, 91.9%) and public transport (12/270, 4.4%), during the afternoon (262/560, 46.8%) and evening (174/560, 31.1%). Most were located by first responders (232/486, 47.7%) or Good Samaritans (224/486, 46.1%). Of the 560 missing incidents, 126 (22.5%) were repeated missing incidents. The mean time between missing incidents was 11 (SD 10.8) months. Finally, the majority of MedicAlert subscribers were returned home safely (453/500, 90.6%); and reports of harm, injuries (46/500, 9.2%), and death (1/500, 0.2%) were very low.

Conclusions

This study provides the prevalence of missing incidents from 1 database source. The low frequency of missing incidents may not represent populations that are not White. Despite the low number of missing incidents, the 0.2% (1/500) of cases resulting in injuries or death are devastating experiences that may be mitigated through prevention strategies.
Case Study of College English Listening Course by Foreign Teachers
Authors: Ou Yuefa , Zhang Huifei , Fan Jiying
Published: June 2024

More and more foreign teachers are employed in China to teach English since they have the natural advantage of native language. More often than not, the major courses taught by foreign teachers are English speaking and listening. A large number of facts and studies show that foreign teachers have the advantages of language and culture in oral English teaching, and have achieved some positive results. Whether in public or private education, foreign teachers are very popular with children and parents. There is no exception in our university, where some foreign teachers are employed to teach English listening and speaking for non-English majors and various courses for English majors. Through questionnaire and interview, this study investigates the satisfaction of foreign teachers’ listening class, and finds out the reasons why foreign teachers' listening class is popular. At the same time, classroom observation and discussion with teachers and students are conducted to explore the advantages and problems of foreign teachers’ instruction in English listening course, as well as the analysis of teaching effect, with the purpose of providing some reference for the instruction of college English listening course.
A Comparative Study of English Translations of Jin Yong’s Martial Arts Novels from the Perspective of Reception Aesthetics — A Hero Born and The Deer and the Cauldron as an Example
Authors: Mu Xin , Li Zejuan
Published: June 2024

This paper selects the English translation of The Deer and the Cauldron by British translator John Minford and the English translation of A Hero Born by young Swedish translator Anna Holmwood as the objects of study. Based on the theory of reception aesthetics of Jauss, it compares and analyses translation strategies and translation methods used by the two translators who are trying to achieve the greatest degree of field of vision integration according to readers’ expectation field of vision in the translation of their respective novels.
Disminución de la dureza del agua con membranas porosas elaboradas con arcillas mexicanas
Authors: Pérez-Moreno Víctor , Martínez-González Miriam , Ramos-López Miguel Angel , Campos-Guillén Juan , Santos-Cruz José , Rodríguez-Morales José Alberto , Zavala-Gómez Carlos Eduardo
Published: June 2024

Las arcillas por sus propiedades, son empleadas como materia prima en la elaboración de membranas, debido a que se aglomeran fácilmente y poseen características de intercambio iónico, así como capacidad de adsorción para el tratamiento del agua. El objetivo de este estudio fue utilizar las arcillas mexicanas para obtener membranas porosas y con ellas disminuir la dureza del agua. La técnica utilizada consistió en la compactación de la arcilla y su posterior sinterización. En el prensado de la materia prima se usaron aditivos como lubricantes y aglomerantes, además de una prensa hidráulica con una presión de 150 a 300 Kg/cm2. La sinterización se realizó en una mufla a 500 °C, 800 °C y 1,000 °C. La materia prima se expuso a la difracción y a la fluorescencia de los rayos X (XRD) y X (XRF), respectivamente, así como a la fisisorción de nitrógeno. Mediante la fluorescencia de los rayos X se vio que las muestras de arcilla mexicana están compuestas principalmente por óxidos que contienen silicio, aluminio, hierro, calcio y potasio. A través de la fisisorción de nitrógeno de la arcilla calcinada, se comprobó que es un material mesoporoso, por presentar una distribución unimodal; el diámetro del poro promedio es de 3.42 nm y el área superficial específica de 48.8 m²/g; con el tratamiento térmico hubo cambios químicos que fueron detectados y analizados por difracción de rayos X (XRD). La membrana estuvo además sujeta a la fisisorción de nitrógeno y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Los resultados de estas técnicas corroboraron que se puede emplear en los procesos de filtración y con la capacidad de eliminar más del 40% de la dureza del agua.
Pseudomixoma peritoneal: reporte de un caso
Authors: del Corral-Vázquez Rodolfo A. , Tafoya Hernández Jesús Octavio , Parra Macías Agustín
Published: June 2024

Abstract. Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare condition, first described by Werth in 1884 in association with ascites and ovarian mucinous tumors, and later in 1901 by Frankel, associated with appendicular mucinous tumors. High prevalence of mutations in the K-RAS and TP53 genes has been observed in patients with low-grade PMP, triggering proliferation and excessive mucus production. Studies have shown that the peritoneal cavity, especially the hepatic surface, is the main site for deposition of these tumors. Computed tomography is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, while magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive for detecting the tumor origin and assessing disease extent. Although exploratory laparotomy is the traditional method for biopsy, less invasive alternatives such as ultrasound-guided and computed tomography-guided biopsy are being explored, which have proven to be effective. The differential diagnosis includes endometriosis and mixoid tumors, with emphasis on mesentery invasion and cystic characteristics. Recognizing differences in advanced stages is crucial, as PMP tends to invade organs from the outside, while mixoid tumors present distant solid metastases.
Key words: Tumor, mucinous, Mesenterium, Pseudomyxoma, peritoneum
Haga su diagnóstico
Authors: González Nava Jovanni , Córdova Galván Daniel E.
Published: June 2024

Abstract: This is a case with a transvaginal ultrasound approach after IUD placement. The patient presented dysmenorrhea and continuous bleeding the following month.
Keywords: uterus, IUD, ultrasound, imaging, diagnosis
Los corpúsculos gustativos y factores que afectan su función
Authors: Soriano-Sánchez Daniela , González- Villalva Adriana , Rojas-Lemus Marcela , López- Valdez Nelly , Cervantes-Valencia María Eugenia , Bizarro-Nevares Patricia , Ustarroz- Cano Martha , Fortoul Teresa I.
Published: June 2024

Taste is relevant because it has allowed us to discriminate between what is food and what is not, and even what can be toxic or dangerous when ingested. The search for new flavors is resent in history of mankind. Since ancient times, the spices provided new taste experiences to make meals more palatable or as a means of preserving food; the search for spices was a motivation to make voyages that led to the discovery of new lands and continents. More recently, a viral pandemic that damages the olfaction and taste senses made us to remember the relevance of the senses.
Small structures, called taste buds, located in the papillae, of the tongue, are responsible of the sense of taste. There are four types of papillae that identify five tastes and one whose existence has not yet been fully proven. Taste alterations have different etiologies which will be commented on this review.
Key words: ageusia, atmospheric pollution, taste, taste buds, tongue
Toulouse-Lautrec, su enfermedad y su arte
Authors: Fortoul van der Goes Teresa I.
Published: June 2024

His physical defects: thickening of the bone, short stature and bone fragility (pycnodysostosis) inheritance of family endogamy marginalized Toulouse-Lautrec, an educated bourgeois, cultured and intellectual who preferred to travel through the secondary paths of life in the neighborhood of Montmartre, famous for its cabarets, parties and prostitutes, a place where the artist felt comfortable even though they were full of misery and imperfections Despite being a misfit social, he became, through his work, a social chronicler of the Parisian belle epoque.
Key words: pycnodysostosis, endogamy, Toulouse-Lautrec, belle epoque, painting, posters
Exploring Nasal Anatomical Peculiarities: Illuminating Nasyakarma as a Paradigm Shift in Addressing Central Nervous System Disorders
Authors: Sharma Dr. Khushboo , Dadhich Dr. Abhishek , Sanju Dr. , Sharma Prof. Mahendra
Published: June 2024

Abstract: The nasal route holds a special place in Ayurveda, particularly in the practice of Nasya karma. The nose, regarded as an opening to the "shiras" or head, possesses anatomical peculiarities that make it an ideal route for drug administration. The developmental origins of the nose lie in neural crest cells, which migrate during gestation, forming the nasal placodes and giving rise to the intricate nasal structure. Within the diverse approaches to drug delivery,nasya karma emerges as a promising carrier for brain-targeted therapeutics. This comprehensive review bridges modern pharmaceutical advancements with ancient Ayurvedic wisdom, emphasizing the significance of the nose as a crucial route for drug delivery and its potential role in treating central nervous system disorders.
Measuring the impacts of participatory citizen science: lessons from the WeCount sustainable mobility project
Authors: Sardo Ana Margarida , Laggan Sophie , Fogg-Rogers Laura , Franchois Elke , Maccani Giovanni , Vanherle Kris , Hayes Enda
Published: June 2024

WeCount was designed to empower citizens in five case studies across Europe to take a leading role in the production of data, evidence, knowledge and solutions for local sustainable mobility. This practice insight aims to explore the suitability and value of citizen science to address sustainable mobility and sustainable transport issues. The evaluation showed that WeCount was able to reach and sustain engagement with broad demographics in society and highlighted the importance of co-design in making citizen science enjoyable and empowering. Statistical significance was found: the more a citizen enjoyed their time, the more likely they were to state they would continue working with the data beyond the project. Moreover, WeCount citizens reported that participation led to action and/or changes in behaviours. While the numbers are modest (24 individual actions by around 10% of participants), this is an important, measurable outcome.
ӨНДӨР ГЭГЭЭНИЙ ГҮН УХААНЫ ҮЗЭЛ САНАА
Authors: Г Лувсанцэрэн , Т Булган
Published: June 2024

Эл өгүүлэлд Өндөр гэгээн Занабазарын гүн ухааны үзлийг түүний гүн ухааны зарим зохиолд тулгуурлан гаргахыг оролдсон болно. Үүнд:Маанийн гүн бүтээлийн арга, Цагийг тохинуулах залбирал зохиолууд нь чухал болно.
“УЛААН САХИУС* -НЫ “ХЭРЭГТНИЙГ ӨРГӨХ” УНШЛАГЫН ТУХАЙ СУДАЛГАА
Authors: Р Дарьхүү , Д Хоролбат
Published: June 2024

Энэхүү өгүүлэлд Өндөр гэгээн Занабазарын зохиосон “Улаан сахиусны хэрэгтнийг өргөх” зохиол дахь шашны зан үйлийг судлахыг гол зорилго болгов. Мөн Өндөр гэгээний тус бүтээлд Номгоны дара эх ламтан Агваанчүлтэмжамцын бичсэн “Номыг тэтгэгч улаан сахиусны хэрэгтнийг өргөх тахилын эрхэс лугаа сэлтийн тайлбар дээдсийн тааллын чимэг шүрэн уншлага” хэмээх тайлбарын гүн ухааны утгын талаар авч үзлээ.
ХУУЧИН ГЭРЭЭНД НЭМЭЛТ БИЧВЭРИЙГ ХАВСАРГАСАН ШИНЭ ГЭРЭЭ ХЭРХЭН ХРИСТИЙН СҮМҮҮДЭД ИРСЭН БАЙХ ВЭ?
Authors: Р Ганболд
Published: June 2024

The Origin of the New Testament Adolf Von Harnack, Translated by The Rev. J.R.Wilkinson, M.A. formerly scholar of Worcester College, Oxford and Rector of Winford, Published by Williams and Norgate, 1925 /Christian Classics Etherial Library, Bringing Christian classic books to life/ http://www.ccel.org/ccel/harnack/ origin_nt.i.html
ONE NATION-DIFFERENT FATES: KAZAKHSTAN IN PURSUIT OF CULTURAL IDENTITY
Authors: Kulsariyeva Aktolkyn , Shaigozova Zhanerke , Sultanova Madina
Published: June 2024

Brief meaning: This article provides analysis of experience which modern Kazakhstan went through in process of determination of its own identity and place in the world in midst of rising globalization. Attempts to restore and safeguard the national identity become common practice in post-soviet countries including Kazakhstan. The transition from soviet identity to its own identity and recognition of being “Kazakhstani” proved to be quite challenging. This article focuses on problems of cultural self-recognition in Kazakhstan, in pursuit of its own unique identity through overcoming barriers that resulted during course of historical development artificially raised by Kazakhs themselves.
ҮНЭЛЭМЖИЙН ФИЛОСОФИ ҮҮСЭХ УРЬДЧИЛСАН НӨХЦЛИЙН ТУХАЙД
Authors: Т Дорждагва , Б Гантөмөр
Published: June 2024

“Үнэлэмжийн философи үүсэх урьдчилсан нөхцлийн тухайд” сэдэвтэй энэхүү өгүүллийг зохиогчид үнэлэмжийн тухай ойлголтыг түүхэн тодорхой үеэр тодорхойлон гаргаж, уг сэдвийн чиглэлээр урд өмнө нь судлаачдын бичиж нийтлүүлсэн бүтээл дэх үзэл баримтлалынх нь талаар саналаа илэрхийлжээ. Үүнтэй холбогдуулан эл өгүүллийг зохиогчид дөрвөн дүгнэлтийг хийсэн байна.
ЭДМУНД ГУССЕРЛИЙН “ЛОГИКИЙН СУДАЛГАА” ЗОХИОЛЫН ЗАРИМ АСУУДАЛ: УТГА БА УХАМСАР
Authors: Б Дагзмаа , О Болор-Эрдэнэ
Published: June 2024

ХХ зууны философийн түүхэнд өрнөсөн нөлөө бүхий үзэл санааны хөдөлгөөнүүдийн нэг болох феноменологийг үндэслэгч Эдмунд Гуссерлийн (1859-1938) бүтээл туурвилыг феноменологийн өмнөх үе, феноменологийн үед хамааруулан ангилахын сацуу феноменологи философийг нь «дескриптив психологи», «трансцендентал феноменологи», «генетик феноменологи» хэмээн үечлэн авч үздэг ажээ. Феноменологийн өмнөх үед түүний «Арифметикийн философи» зохиол хамаардаг бол, феноменологийн үүсэл хөгжлийг «Логикийн судалгаа» зохиолтой холбон ойлгодог билээ. Уг өгүүллийн хүрээнд Гуссерлийн «дескриптив психологийн» үзэл санаатай холбоотой зарим асуудлыг онцлон авч үзэх юм.
ЗЭН БУДДИЗМЫН ЭХЭН ҮЕИЙН ТҮҮХЭЭС
Authors: С Янжинсүрэн , Н Мөнхцэцэг
Published: June 2024

Японы Зэн буддизмын түүхээс үзвэл түүний гарал үүсэл нь Хятадад хөгжсөн Чань буддизмтай салшгүй холбоотой. Чань хийгээд зэн буддизмын түүх нь хүн төрөлхтний түүхийн цааших бүх үеийн турш үргэлжилж байгаа ч тус өгүүлэлд зөвхөн эхэн үеийн түүхийг нь тоймлон авч үзэв
МОНГОЛД ҮЙЛ АЖИЛЛАГАА ЯВУУЛЖ БУЙ ШИНЭ ШАШНЫ ХӨДӨЛГӨӨНҮҮДИЙН ГИШҮҮДДЭЭ НӨЛӨӨЛӨХ АРГА, ТҮҮНЭЭС СЭРЭМЖЛЭХ НЬ
Authors: С Дэмбэрэл
Published: June 2024

The article mentions the current Mongolian social and economic conditions and foreign, domestic circumstances of spreading the new religious movements in the country. It classified and clarified list of common names of new religious movements, which are functioning in Mongolian society and highlighted some negative effects, they might impact society. This writing based on American psychologist Margaret Singer’s the study on the brain washing, mind control methods used by new religious movements.
БҮШИДО – ЁС ЗҮЙН ҮНДСЭН ОЙЛГОЛТУУД
Authors: Д Оюунгэрэл
Published: June 2024

Японы үндэсний үзэл бүшидо (武士道) нь япончуудын ёс суртахууны сургаалын онцлогийг харуулах нэгэн чухал сургаал билээ. Тиймээс бүшидо бол ёс суртахууны сургаалын хувьд япон үндэстний бэлгэ тэмдэг гэж хэлж болно. Бүшидо гэдэг нь бүши буюу самүрай, цэрэг дайчин, до буюу зарчим, зам мөр, арга ёс гэсэн хоёр үгнээс гаралтай дайчин эрсийн ажил, амьдралдаа мөрдөх зарчим гэсэн утга бүхий үг ажээ. Анхандаа бүшидо нь бүши нарын баримтлах ёс суртахууны хэм хэмжээ, дүрэм журам байсан. Гэхдээ энэ бол хуульчлагдсан дүрэм журам биш, монголчууд бидний ойлголтоор бичигдээгүй хэв хууль байсан юм. Самүрай нар бүшидо гэсэн ертөнцийг үзэх тусгай үзэл, биеэ авч явах бичигдээгүй хууль байжээ. Тэрхүү ёс журам нь самүрайн оршин тогтнох үндэс суурь болж байсан гэдэг. Харин эдүгээ бүшидо нь хатуу дэг журам бус, жирийн япон хүн бүрийн өдөр тутмын амьдралдаа баримтлан хэрэгжүүлдэг ёс зүйн үзэл болон төлөвшчээ
К.Г.ЮНГИЙН ХУВИЙН НАМТАР НЬ АНАЛИТИК ПСИХОЛОГИ ОНОЛЫН ҮНДЭС БОЛОХ НЬ
Authors: Б Цэрэнханд
Published: June 2024

Швейцарын сэтгэл мэдрэлийн эмч, сэтгэл зүйч, соёл судлаач, нэртэй сэтгэгч, психоанализийн нэг чиглэл болох аналитик психологийг үндэслэгч Карл ГуставЮнг (1875-1961) )-ийн боловсруулсан аналитик психологи нь фройдизм, неофройдизмыг бодитойгоор ойлгож, тэдгээр дэх зарим философи үндэслэлийн дутагдлыг илрүүлэн, хүний сэтгэлийн онцлогийг үнэн зөв ойлгоход чухал алхам болсон гэж мэргэжлийн судлаачид үнэлдэг билээ. Бас К.Г.Юнгийн боловсруулсан философи баримтлал нь Өрнө, Дорнын психологийн философи ойлголтуудын нийтлэг ба ялгааг харгалзсан чухал үр дүн байдаг ажээ. Энэ бүгд нь орчин үеийн төвшинд сэтгэл гэж юу болохыг авч үзэе гэвэл К.Г.Юнгийн философид хандах ёстой гэсэн дүгнэлтэнд биднийг хүргэж байгаа юм. Харин К.Г.Юнгийн аналитик онолын эх сурвалж нь түүний хувийн амьдрал, намтраас нь үүдэлтэй гэж судлаачид дүгнэдэг. Энэхүү өгүүлэлдээ түүний онолын эх сурвалж болсон намтрын мэдээг онцлон авч үзэх болно.
МОНГОЛЫН СЭТГЭГЧ АГВААН-ИШСАМБУУ СУДЛАЛЫН ЗАРИМ АСУУДАЛ
Authors: Т Булган , М Нандинбаатар
Published: June 2024

Өгүүлэлд монголын сэтгэгч Агваан-Ишсамбуугийн намтар болон зохиол бүтээлүүдийн судалгааны талаар авч үзэв. Түүний зохиол бүтээлүүд судлагдсаар тусгай судалгааны чиглэл болсон байна. Тэрээр буддын утга зохиол, хэл шинжлэл, философи болон бусад чиглэлээр зохиол бүтээл туурвисан ба Ламримийн чиглэлээр 2 бүтээл бичжээ. Агваан-Ишсамбуугийн бүтээлүүд нь хэл шинжлэлийн салбарт нэлээд судлагдсан онцлогтой.
ОРЧИН ҮЕИЙН ЯПОНЫ ФИЛОСОФИЙН ТӨЛӨӨЛӨГЧ НИШИ АМАНЭ-ГИЙН ТУХАЙ
Authors: Д Оюунгэрэл
Published: June 2024

Япончууд орчин үеийн өндөр хөгжилтэй орон болох үндсээ Мэйжийн шинэчлэлээр тавьсан бөгөөд 1868 онд хаант засгаа сэргээн тогтоосон тус шинэчлэлийг удирдсан нэгэн залуу самурай засгийн газрыг түлхэн унагажээ. Үүний үр дүнд 1880-аад оны дунд үе гэхэд уламжлалт нийгмийн бүтэц бүхэлдээ задраад зогсохгүй шинэ бүтэц бий болсноос гадна цаашид хурдацтай хөгжих улс төр, эдийн засаг, оюун санааны хөрс нэгэнт бий болсон байв. Өөрчлөлт шинэчлэлтийг дагасан үйл ажиллагааны дагуу философийн шинэчлэлийн зорилго нь нэр томъёоны нэршил, засвараас эхлээд ямар үзэл сургаал шинэ нийгмийг бий болгоход түлхэц болох вэ? гэдэгт мөн чанар нь оршиж байв. Энэ үйл явцад буюу орчин үеийн нийгэм бий болоход оюун санааны түүчээ болсон олон философич төрөн гарсны нэг нь Ниши Аманэ мөн билээ
ХҮРЭЭЛЭН БУЙ ОРЧНЫ ФИЛОСОФИ: СПИНОЗАГИЙН ФИЛОСОФИ ДАХЬ НАТУРА НАТУРАТА, НАТУРА НАТУРАНС ХЭМЭЭХ ОЙЛГОЛТУУДЫН ТУХАЙ
Authors: Б Мөнхжавхлан , Б Дагзмаа
Published: June 2024

Спинозагийн философи дахь Натура Натурата, Натура Натуранс хэмээхойлголтууд нь хожуу үеийн хүрээлэн буй орчны философийн “Экологи-би” буюу “Өөрийгөө ухаарахуй” гэдэг ойлголтын үндэс болсон бөгөөд орчин үеийн гүн экологийн гол төлөөлөгч Арне Наэссийн “Өөрийгөө ухаарахуй” гэдэг нь хүн болон хүнээс бусад бүх зүйл өөрийн гэсэн дотоод үнэ цэнэтэй гэсэн үзэл санаанаас үүдэж энэ нь метафизикийн гэхээс илүүтэй ёс суртахууны агуулгатай гэж үзсэн болно.
БНХАУ-Д КУЛЬТИЙГ ЗОХИЦУУЛЖ БУЙ ТУРШЛАГААС
Authors: О Бумдарь
Published: June 2024

Тус өгүүлэлд БНХАУ-д культийг авч үзэх ямар үзэл, хандлага давамгайлж байгаа талаар өгүүлж, мөн Хятадын төрөөс культийн тухайд баримталж буй бодлого, зохицуулалтын тухай товчхон хөндөв.
The determination of some sizes and physical characteristics of metals by ultrasound
Authors: Syla Naim , Ahmeti Havushe , Aliaj Fisnik , Dalipi Bashkim
Published: June 2024

Recently, ultrasound has found extensive applications in various areas such as industry, medicine, and agriculture. This paper introduces a method of determining the thickness, speed of propagation of ultrasound in metal, and the modulus of elasticity for selected metals by ultrasound. The determination of these properties was done with the NDT USM25 ultrasonic flaw detector by Krautkramer. For this purpose, straight beam contact transducer and angle beam transducers (60o) were used. The presented method offers a practical and reliable way of measuring thickness and other properties of metal and metal alloys.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE JOB COPYRIGHT LAW ON THE WELFARE AND RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ari Endrawati Eka
Published: June 2024

In the context of labor regulation reform in Indonesia, the Job Creation Law emerged as a government effort to increase economic efficiency and industrial competitiveness, but received mixed responses regarding its impact on workers' welfare and rights. This research aims to critically analyze and evaluate the real influence of the implementation of the Job Creation Law on working conditions, welfare and protection of workers' rights in Indonesia. The purpose of writing this journal is to evaluate in depth the impact of the Job Creation Law on the welfare and fulfillment of workers' rights in Indonesia in the context of changing labor laws. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach, by collecting data through in-depth interviews, document studies, and comparative analysis of similar cases in other countries, to assess the impact of the Job Creation Law on the welfare and rights of workers in Indonesia. The main results of this research show that the Job Creation Law brought about significant changes in labor regulations in Indonesia, but its impact on workers' welfare and rights tends to vary, with some aspects seeing improvements in efficiency and flexibility, while other aspects raise concerns about worker protection and work standards. In particular, this research identifies an increase in companies' operational flexibility, but also highlights the need to strengthen worker protection mechanisms to ensure a balance between business flexibility and worker well-being. The main conclusion from this research is that the Job Creation Law has had a complex impact on the employment environment in Indonesia, where there has been increased efficiency and flexibility for employers, but has also raised challenges and the need for increased protection for workers' rights. Therefore, further policy adjustments and developments are needed to ensure a balance between economic growth and worker welfare, as well as the fulfillment of fair and sustainable work standards. effective in making decisions. Writing this journal contributes to providing an objective view and in-depth analysis of the effects of the Job Creation Law, which has the potential to guide policy makers, legal practitioners and industry players in formulating more effective and sustainable strategies to balance economic interests and workers' rights in Indonesia .
AMALAN PENDIDIKAN KANAK-KANAK DALAM ISLAM PRACTICE OF CHILD EDUCATION IN ISLAM
Authors: Almuddin Mohd Hasem , Jamil Asyraf Isyraqi , (Author) Che Zarrina Sa'ari
Published: June 2024

Child education is a subject which has been debated and focused in the world of Islamic education. This can be seen in the Muslim intellectual tradition. This article collects and analyzes the views of past and contemporary Islamic scholars through their writings which are related to the child education. Documentation method is used in the data collection. Moreover, content analysis method is used in the data analysis which includes inductive, deductive and comparative methods. Few aspects have been mainly emphasized by the Islamic scholars in the practice of child education in Islam. These involve the importance and history of child education as well as the concept, principle and phases of child education in Islam.
Analisis media pembelajaran youtube terhadap keaktifan siswa dan minat belajar PKN di SD Negeri Jurugentong
Authors: Wijaya Shabrina
Published: June 2024

Abstrak
Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi dan penggunaan internet yang luas, YouTube telah menjadi platform populer untuk berbagai jenis konten, termasuk video pembelajaran. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memahami bagaimana YouTube dapat diintegrasikan secara efektif dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengalaman belajar dalam Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mendalam tentang persepsi guru dan siswa mengenai penggunaan YouTube sebagai alat bantu mengajar. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan guru kelas V(A), observasi di kelas selama pembelajaran dengan bantuan YouTube, serta penyebaran kuesioner kepada siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa YouTube secara signifikan meningkatkan keterlibatan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Selama pembelajaran berbasis YouTube, seluruh 28 siswa di kelas V(A) teramati aktif fokus pada konten video. Sifat interaktif YouTube memfasilitasi sesi tanya jawab yang efektif, mendorong partisipasi siswa dalam diskusi. Selain itu, integrasi YouTube dalam pembelajaran PKN meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Dalam kuesioner, sebagian besar siswa menunjukkan preferensi positif terhadap penggunaan YouTube sebagai media pembelajaran, menunjukkan antusiasme dan semangat selama sesi pembelajaran berbasis video.
Kata Kunci: Teknologi, Media Pembelajaran, Youtube , Keaktifan dan Minat Belajar
Peningkatan kemampuan menulis pada pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia dengan model pembelajaran problem based learning siswa kelas 1A di SD Kanisius Kalasan
Authors: Cintya Hasthiolivia  , Prijowuntato Sebastianus Widanarto
Published: June 2024

Abstract
 This classroom action research observed students' writing abilities. This study aims to improve the writing skills of class 1A students in learning Indonesian. This study uses the Problem Based Learning learning method. The research was conducted at SD Kanisius Kalasan Yogyakarta involving 22 students consisting of 11 boys and 11 girls enrolled in the 2022/2023 school year. This study uses the research design of Kemmis and Mc. Taggart which consists of two cycles. Where each cycle is held in two meetings in class and each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results showed that the pre-cycle action obtained 70% classical absorption and 36% classical learning mastery. Cycle I obtained 75% classical absorption and 59% classical learning mastery. In cycle II there was an increase with the acquisition of 83% classical absorption while the classical learning mastery was 81%. Thus it can be concluded that learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method can improve students' writing skills in class I SD Kanisius Kalasan.
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Kata Kunci: Writing Ability, Language, Indonesian and Problem Based Learning Methods.
         
            Abstrak
Penelitian tindakan kelas ini mengamati mengenai kemampuan menulis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa kelas 1A pada pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran Problem Based Learning. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SD Kanisius Kalasan Yogyakarta dengan melibatkan 22 orang siswa terdiri dari 11 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan yang terdaftar pada tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang terdiri atas dua siklus. Dimana setiap siklus dilaksanakan dua kali pertemuan di kelas dan setiap siklus terdiri empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tindakan pra siklus diperoleh daya serap klasikal 70% dana ketuntasan belajar klasikal 36%. siklus I diperoleh daya serap klasikal 75% dana ketuntasan belajar klasikal 59%. Pada siklus II terjadi peningkatan dengan perolehan daya serap klasikal 83% sedangkan ketuntasan belajar klasikal 81%. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode Problem Based Learning (PBL) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa di kelas I SD Kanisius Kalasan.
Desain buku cerita bergambar berbasis kearifan lokal untuk menumbuhkan karakter bijak bertindak di kelas III sekolah dasar
Authors: Novianti Hesti
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya rancangan buku cerita bergambar berbasis kearifan lokal untuk menumbuhkan karakter bijak bertindak di kelas III sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hasil dan rancangan buku cerita bergambar berbasis kearifan lokal. Menumbuhkan karakter harus sesuai dengan perkembangan anak agar menjadi lebih efektif. Anak usia sekolah dasar berada di tahap operasional konkret, maka penggunaan buku cerita bergambar sangat penting perannya sebagai media dalam menunjang pemahaman anak terutama tentang moral. Buku cerita yang digunakan biasanya cerita yang tersedia dalam buku tematik siswa yang kurang dalam memvisualisasikan cerita dengan jelas dan tidak memasukan unsur kearifan lokal, sehingga tidak menarik perhatian anak. Media buku cerita bergambar berbasis kearifan lokal termasuk hal penting dalam menumbuhkan karakter anak yang dapat dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran sekaligus mengenal kearifan lokal setempat, sebagaimana fungsi dari media adalah sebagai perantara untuk memudahkan penyampaian informasi dalam proses pembelajaran. Diharapkan buku cerita ini dapat menciptakan pembelajaran yang bermakna. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Educational Design Research (EDR) model Reeves. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dokumentasi, dan angket. Berdasarkan data tersebut, didapatkan solusi untuk merancang buku cerita bergambar berbasis kearifan lokal untuk menumbuhkan karakter bijak bertindak yang divalidasi dan mendapatkan kelayakan serta memenuhi kriteria yang dapat digunakan peserta didik.
Pengaruh penggunaan media animasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada materi pencernaan manusia kelas V sekolah dasar
Authors: Amalia Melani
Published: June 2024

Learning in education needs to be improved again, one of which is by using more fun learning media. In learning science in elementary schools, it is necessary to have media that is fun and better understood by students so that the material delivered is better. One of the media that can be used in science learning is animation media. This media can attract students' attention with visual audio. Animation media in science learning can be applied to the digestive system material in humans. With real impressions shown in the form of digestive videos that start from the mouth to the anus. With the animation media used in science learning, it is expected that students can improve significant learning outcomes. In this study using a quasi-experimental method or also called a quasi-experimental which is a type of quantitative method. The subjects in this study were fifth grade students at SDN 1 Sukamanah. The population in this study were 40 students. The instruments used in this study were multiple choice questions. This research was conducted to determine between the experimental class and the control class with the treatment used. So that there is influence or not the animation media. The research results show an increase in learning outcomes with the use of animated media.
Pengembangan media kartu truth or dare pada materi ekosistem kelas V SDN 2 Sukaraja
Authors: Karlina Lina , Nugraha Akhmad , Merliana Anggit
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran kartu Truth or Dare dan mengetahui kelayakan serta respon peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan pada pembelajaran IPA materi Ekosistem di kelas V SDN 2 Sukaraja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni metode penelitian Design and Development (D&D) atau disebut juga desain dan pengembangan. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni wawancara, lembar validasi, dan angket respon peserta didik. Hasil validasi yang diperoleh dari ahli materi sebesar 98,7% ahli media 94,1% dan ahli pembelajaran 95%. Hasil respon peserta didik mencapai 85,95% yang termasuk dalam kategori interpretasi â€œSangat Baikâ€ berdasarkan skala Likert. Hasil validasi ahli materi, media dan ahli pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran kartu Truth or Dare sangat layak digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil angket respon peserta didik menunjukkan adanya ketertarikan peserta didik terhadap media pembelajaran kartu Truth or Dare.
Model problem based learning berbantuan media video untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika tentang satuan waktu siswa kelas II SDN Demangan
Authors: Abdul Aziz Hafidz
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research aims to improve mathematics learning outcomes through the Video-Based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model for 2nd-grade students at SDN Demangan. The research design used in this study is classroom action research (CAR). Data collection techniques in this research involve tests and non-tests. The test instrument consists of multiple-choice questions, while the non-test instrument consists of observation sheets. The data analysis technique used is comparative hypothesis testing, which is a statistical technique comparing thematic learning outcomes from the pre-cycle, cycle I, and cycle II. The research findings indicate an improvement in the mathematics learning outcomes of 2nd-grade students at SDN Demangan through the implementation of the Video-Based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The research results demonstrate an increase in the average learning outcomes of students, with the pre-cycle score of 70 increasing to 79 in cycle I and further increasing to 87 in cycle II.Â Keywords: Problem based learning, Learning outcomes, Video mediaÂ AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar matematika melalui model problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media video untuk siswa kelas II di SDN Demangan. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan non-tes. Instrumen tes berupa soal pilihan ganda, dan instrumen non-tes berupa lembar observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik hipotesis komparatif, yaitu teknik statistik yang membandingkan hasil pembelajaran tematik dari pra siklus, siklus I, dan siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas II SDN Demangan yang dilakukan melalui model Problem Based Learning (PBL) berbantuan media video. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik dari pra siklus sebesar 70 meningkat menjadi 79 pada siklus I dan meningkat lagi menjadi 87 pada siklus IIÂ Kata Kunci:Â Problem based learning, Hasil belajar, Media video
Keterampilan menulis teks prosedur melalui pemanfaatan media lingkungan sekolah pada peserta didik kelas IV
Authors: Agustina Wida
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perihal isi, struktur, dan kebahasaan teks dalam keterampilan menulis teks prosedur melalui pemanfaatan media lingkungan sekolah. Metode yang diaplikasikan pada penelitian ini yakni deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bertempat di SDN 2 Manonjaya kelas IV Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Populasi penelitian ini merupakan seluruh peserta didik kelas IV di SDN 2 Manonjaya, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mengaplikasikan metode penugasan dan dokumentasi. Langkah-langkah analisis mencakup tahap verifikasi, penyekoran, tabulasi, dan penilaian. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa skor yang diperoleh oleh peserta didik pada aspek isi tergolong pada kategori sangat baik dengan rata-rata 9,8 sedangkan pada aspek struktur tergolong kategori baik dengan rata-rata 8,2, dan untuk aspek kebahasaan tergolong pada kategori cukup baik dengan rata-rata 6,2.