bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics and machine learning-based screening of key genes in Alzheimer's disease.
Authors: Hou Meng-ting , Li Xi-yu , Li Jia-xing , Bao Juan
Published: February 2024

Objective
To analyze differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to mitophagy between Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and normal controls using bioinformatics and machine learning methods and to screen for key genes to provide theoretical support for the study of AD pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.
Methods
Data microarrays related to AD were obtained from the GEO database, and DEGs were obtained by differential expression analysis of gene expression data using R. The DEGs were intersected with mitophagy-related genes to obtain the genes of interest, and then the group of genes was enriched for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signaling pathways. A machine-learning model was constructed at the same time to screen key genes, construct risk prediction models and predict transcription factors based on key genes. In addition, consistent clustering analysis was performed on AD samples, followed by immunization and pathway analysis for each subtype.
Results
Seven key genes were finally screened from 38 mitophagy-related DEGs, and the risk prediction model constructed on the basis of these 7 genes had an AUC of 0.877. Cluster analysis classified the AD samples into two subtypes, and the immune infiltration between the two subtypes was also significantly different.
Conclusion
This study screened the key genes of AD based on bioinformatics, which provides a new perspective and potential therapeutic targets for exploring the potential mechanism of mitophagy affecting AD as well as a new idea and direction for individualized treatment of AD.
Sedimentation of large, soluble proteins up to 140 kDa for 1H-detected MAS NMR and 13C DNP NMR – practical aspects
Authors: Bell Dallas , Lindemann Florian , Gerland Lisa , Aucharova Hanna , Klein Alexander , Friedrich Daniel , Hiller Matthias , Grohe Kristof , Rossum Barth van , Diehl Anne , Hughes Jon , Mueller Leonard J. , Linser Rasmus , Miller Anne-Frances , Oschkinat Hartmut
Published: February 2024

Solution NMR is typically applied to biological systems with molecular weights < 40 kDa whereas magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR traditionally targets very large, oligomeric proteins and complexes exceeding 500 kDa in mass, including fibrils and crystalline protein preparations. Here, we propose that the gap between these size regimes can be filled by the approach presented that enables investigation of large, soluble and fully protonated proteins in the range of 40–140 kDa. As a key step, ultracentrifugation produces a highly concentrated, gel-like state, resembling a dense phase in spontaneous liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). By means of three examples, a Sulfolobus acidocaldarius bifurcating electron transfer flavoprotein (SulfETF), tryptophan synthases from Salmonella typhimurium (StTS) and the dimeric β-subunits from Pyrococcus furiosus (PfTrpB), we show that such samples yield well-resolved proton-detected 2D and 3D NMR spectra at 100 kHz MAS without heterogeneous broadening, similar to diluted liquids. Herein, we provide practical guidance on centrifugation conditions and tools, sample behavior, and line widths expected. We demonstrate that the observed chemical shifts correspond to those obtained from µM/low mM solutions or crystalline samples, indicating structural integrity. Nitrogen line widths as low as 20–30 Hz are observed. The presented approach is advantageous for proteins or nucleic acids that cannot be deuterated due to the expression system used, or where relevant protons cannot be re-incorporated after expression in deuterated medium, and it circumvents crystallization. Importantly, it allows the use of low-glycerol buffers in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR of proteins as demonstrated with the cyanobacterial phytochrome Cph1.
Efficacy of a Self-help Parenting Program on Parental Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Jong S. R. C. , Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Veen-Mulders Lianne , Veenman Betty Y. , Oosterlaan Jaap , Luman Marjolein
Published: February 2024

The efficacy of our newly developed self-help parenting program on children’s externalizing behavior was recently shown. The present study investigated its efficacy on parental outcomes, which is understudied in clinical trials. Using a randomized controlled trial, 110 parents were allocated to an intervention condition (either with or without telephonic support) or a waitlist condition. Outcomes included the Parenting Practices Interview (PPI; positive and negative parenting practices), Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOC), Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and Eyberg Child and Behavior Inventory - Problem Scale (ECBI-P; the number of child behaviors that parents perceive as troublesome). All measures were collected at baseline (T0) and post intervention (after 15 weeks, T2); PPI and ECBI-P were also collected at week 8 (T1) and 28 (T3). Using longitudinal multi-level regression analyses, we compared the intervention and waitlist condition at T2. Furthermore, the support and no support conditions were exploratively compared at T2 and T3. Comparing intervention to waitlist, results showed medium-sized effects on PPI and ECBI-P scores and a small-sized effect on PSI scores, and no differences between the conditions on PSOC scores. No differences were found between the support and the no-support condition. The results indicate that our self-help program improved parenting practices and parents’ perception of child behavior, in addition to previous findings on child outcomes. This confirms that self-help parenting programs may be a promising alternative to face-to-face programs, although future studies should focus on determining for whom and in which settings which parenting programs are most helpful..
Regulation of Corneal Stromal Cell Behavior by Modulating Curvature Using a Hydraulically Controlled Organ Chip Array
Authors: Kim Jungkyu (Jay) , Kim Minju , Choi Kanghoon , Krizaj David
Published: February 2024

Curvature is a critical factor in cornea mechanobiology, but its impact on phenotypic alterations and extracellular matrix remodeling of cornea stroma remains unclear. In this work, we investigated how curvature influences the corneal stroma using a hydraulically controlled curvature array chip. The responses of stromal cells to low, medium, and high curvatures were observed by preparing three phenotypes of corneal stromal cells: corneal keratocytes, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts. Keratocytes exhibited phenotypic alterations in response to curvature changes, notably including a decrease in ALDH3 expression and an increase in α-SMA expression. For focal adhesion, corneal fibroblast and myofibroblasts showed enhanced vinculin localization in response to curvature, while corneal keratocytes presented reduced vinculin expression. For cell alignment and ECM expression, most stromal cells under all curvatures showed a radially organized f-actin and collagen fibrils. Interestingly, for corneal fibroblast under medium curvature, we observed orthogonal cell alignment, which is linked to the unique hoop and meridional stress profiles of the curved surface. Furthermore, lumican expression was upregulated in corneal keratocytes, and keratocan expression was increased in corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts due to curvature. These results demonstrate that curvature influences both the phenotype of corneal stromal cells and the structural organization of corneal stroma tissue without any external stimuli. This curvature-dependent behavior of corneal stromal cells presents potential opportunities for creating therapeutic strategies for corneal shape dysfunctions.
Disparities in Disease Severity at Presentation among Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rodriguez Nina , Vujovic Dragan , Alsen Mathilda , Genden Eric , Gerwen Maaike
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Prior research suggests that racial and ethnic minorities tend to present with more advanced papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Traditionally, these studies have used pathologic staging from surgical specimen to characterize disease severity at presentation. It has become evident, however, that marginalized populations are also the most likely to experience delays in surgical treatment from initial presentation. The aim of the present study is to investigate if disparities in initial clinical presentation, defined using Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) cytology, exist in our institutional cohort of patients with PTC.
Methods
A single-site retrospective review of 443 patients with PTC from 2018–2019 was performed. We investigated the association between several sociodemographic variables and the likelihood of presenting with malignancy on FNA using the Bethesda classification system.
Results
On multivariable analysis, young age and lower socioeconomic status (SES) were significant predictors of presenting with a cytologic diagnosis of malignant disease, while adjusting for race/ethnicity and insurance status.
Conclusion
Within our diverse patient cohort, differences in initial clinical presentation were observed. We identified SES and age as independent predictors of presenting with malignancy. These findings highlight specific patient factors that can help support providers with prompt diagnosis and effective management of PTC in high-risk patient cohorts.
An Accelerator Power Supply Based on Multi-Pulse Rectifier
Authors: Li Quanhui , Gao Lei , Meng Fangang
Published: February 2024

To enhance the power quality of the accelerator power supply system, a series-connected multi-pulse rectifier (MPR) is proposed, utilizing a novel hybrid harmonic suppression method. The operating modes are analyzed by considering the topology of the rectifier. The turn ratio and switching angle are determined based on the operating mode, with the goal of minimizing the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input voltage. To further study the performance of the rectifier and lay a foundation for its application of accelerator power supply system, the relationship among the amplitude and frequency of input voltage, the input inductors the load and the output voltage is researched. Testing results show that after using the proposed harmonic suppression method, the capacity of the injection transformer is only about 2% of the output power, the THD values of the input voltages and currents reduce significantly, the output voltage has low ripple with different loads.
Human trajectory prediction using LSTM with Attention mechanism
Authors: manafi Amin , semnani samaneh hosseini
Published: February 2024

In this paper, we propose a human trajectory prediction model that combines a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network with an attention mechanism. To do that, we use attention scores to determine which parts of the input data the model should focus on when making predictions. Attention scores are calculated for each input feature, with a higher score indicating the greater significance of that feature in predicting the output. Initially, these scores are determined for the target human’s position, velocity, and their neighboring individuals’ positions and velocities. By using attention scores, our model can prioritize the most relevant information in the input data and make more accurate predictions. We extract attention scores from our attention mechanism and integrate them into the trajectory prediction module to predict humans’ future trajectories. To achieve this, we introduce a new neural layer that processes attention scores after extracting them and concatenates them with positional information. We evaluate our approach on the publicly available ETH and UCY datasets and measure its performance using the final displacement error (FDE) and average displacement error (ADE) metrics. We show that our modified algorithm performs better than the Social LSTM in predicting the future trajectory of pedestrians in crowded spaces. Specifically, our model achieves an improvement of 6.2% in ADE and 6.3% in FDE compared to the Social LSTM results in the literature.
Development and Characterization of the Novel Cannabidiol Loaded Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles to Boost the Bioavailability in Medicinal Oral Supplements
Authors: Ediz Emre Fatih , Kars Meltem Demirel , çetin kemal
Published: February 2024

The potential therapeutic applications of cannabidiol (CBD) extend to various health conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, cancer, nausea, insomnia, and anxiety. However, the practical use of CBD for medicinal purposes is hindered by its high lipophilicity, posing challenges in dosage and bioavailability. To address this, sustained release of CBD was assured by encapsulating CBD in biodegradable and biocompatible polymer polycaprolactone (PCL). Ultrasonication and oil in water emulsion was employed and 5, 10, 15, and 30 mg CBD were used for encapsulation into PCL nanoparticles, namely CBD-PCL NPs-1, NPs-2, NPs-3, NPs-4, respectively. The study evaluated morphological and physicochemical characteristics through FE-SEM, STEM, zeta size, HPLC, FT-IR and DSC analyses. The blank NPs-0 and CBD loaded NPs-1-4, exhibited mean particle diameters in between 207.5 nm and 227.7 nm with charges ranging − 23.37 and − 9.40 mV. Release kinetics of CBD-NPs were assessed and found to fit Zero-order kinetic model at pH 1.2 and Higuchi kinetic model at 7.4. The internalization of NPs into fibroblast cells and the impact of CBD on cell proliferation were also communicated. The findings suggest the potential application of innovative NPs as carriers for sustained release of CBD to be used in oral supplement formulations.
Clinical features in primary biliary cholangitis:A retrospective analysis of 67 cases
Authors: Zhou Jingping , Li Shuqi , Chen Meiya , Zhou Fei , Liu Jingjing , Chen Ligang , Ren Jianlin
Published: February 2024

Objective Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease with unknown etiology. The purpose of this study is to summarize the clinical characteristics of PBC patients in Xiamen, China, hoping to increase our understanding of PBC and reduce clinical misdiagnosis.
Methods The clinical data of 67 PBC patients admitted in department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2018 to June 2022 were collected retrospectively. SPSS16.0 software was used for data analysis.
Results Of the 67 patients 9 were males and 58 were females. The ratio of female to male was 6.4:1. The average age was 64 years.Five patients(7.5%) had poor outcome such as primary hepatic carcinoma or hepatic failure. Gallbladder and bile duct diseas, thyroid disease and Sjogren syndrome(SS) were most common concomitant disease. Liver biopsy were performed in 32(47.8%) patients and 14 cases (20.9%) were diagnosed with PBC-AIH overlap syndrome(PBC-AIH OS). The positive rate of serum anti-mitochondrial antibody-M2(AMA-M2) and antinuclear antibody(ANA) were 82.1% and 71.6% respectively. The globulin,ALT,AST,IgG level and anti-SSA positive rate were higer in PBC-AIH OS group than in PBC group. The PLT and TBA level were statistically different between non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic groups.SSB and age are predictor for poor prognosis in PBC.
Conclusion PBC is most common in middle-aged and elderly women. AMA-M2 and ANA are still key autoantibodies for diagnosis of PBC. Early diagnosis and standardized treatment are crucial for improving disease prognosis. The PLT and TBA levels are associated with progression of disease.SSB and age are risk factors for poor outcomes.
Potential role of dietary white poplar (Populus alba L.) in stimulating growth, digestion, and antioxidant/immune status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Ibrahim Rowida E. , ElHady Mohamed , Ghetas Hanan A. , Elsayed Faten , Younis Elsayed M. , Abdelwarith Abdelwahab A. , Badran Mohamed F. , Davies Simon J. , Rahman Afaf N. Abdel
Published: February 2024

The potential use of feed supplements as immune-stimulant and growth-promoting agents in fish diets has drawn a lot of attention. The current research investigated the effects of feeding Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on white poplar (Populus alba L.) leaves powder (WP) as a dietary supplement on the growth, digestive functions, and immne-antioxidant parameters. In addition, the fish resistance against Aeromonas sobria challenge was investigated. For 60 days, fish (n = 160; 34.61 ± 0.16 g) were divided equally into four groups, each had four replicates. Fish were fed on diets supplemented with varying levels of WP; 0 g/kg (WP0), 2 g/kg (WP2), 4 g/kg (WP4), and 6 g/kg (WP6), where WP0 was the control diet. The results revealed that WP diets (2–6 g/kg level) substantially boosted the growth (final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate %, with improvement of the feed conversion ratio) of Nile tilapia. WP diets improved the amylase (4–6 g/kg level) and lipase (2–6 g/kg level) activity and the intestinal morphometric measures (2–6 g/kg level). WP diets increased the growth hormone (4–6 g/kg level) and reduced leptin hormone and glucose levels (2–6 g/kg level). The immune-antioxidant indices (total protein, albumin, globulin, complement 3, lysozymes, nitric oxide, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) were significantly improved by WP diets (2–6 g/kg level). The survival % of fish was improved in a level dependent manner (2–6 g/kg level) compared to the control (WP0) during the A. sobria challenge. Noteworthy, WP diets especially at a level of 6g/kg could be used as a feed supplement for improving the health, growth, immune-antioxidant functions, and disease resistance of Nile tilapia.
Sex-specific and multiomic integration enhance accuracy of peripheral blood biomarkers of major depressive disorder
Authors: Lutz Pierre-Eric , Mokhtari Amazigh , Ibrahim El Cherif , Gloaguen Arnaud , Barrot Claire-Cécile , Cohen David , Derouin Margot , Vachon Hortense , Charbonnier Guillaume , Loriod Béatrice , Yalcin Ipek , Marie-Claire Cynthia , Etain Bruno , Belzeaux Raoul , Delahaye-Duriez Andrée
Published: February 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability and reduced life expectancy, with a two-fold increase in prevalence in women compared to men. Over the last few years, identifying reliable molecular biomarkers of MDD has proved challenging, likely reflecting the fact that, in addition to sex-differences, a variety of environmental and genetic risk factors are implicated. Recently, epigenetic processes have been proposed as mediators of the impact of life experiences on functional regulation of the genome, with the potential to contribute to MDD biomarker development. In this context, here we characterized and integrated gene expression data with two upstream mechanisms for epigenomic regulation, DNA methylation (DNAm) and microRNAs (miRNAs). The 3 molecular layers were analyzed in peripheral blood samples from a well-characterized cohort of individuals with MDD (n=80) and healthy controls (n=89), and explored using 3 complementary strategies. First, we conducted case-control comparisons for each single omic layer, and contrasted sex-specific adaptations. Second, we leveraged network theory to define gene co-expression modules, followed by step-by-step annotations across omic layers. Finally, we implemented a genome-wide and multiomic integration strategy that included cross-validation and bootstrapping. The approach was used to systematically compare the performance of MDD prediction across 6 methods for dimensionality reduction and, importantly, for every combination of 1, 2 or 3 types of molecular data. Results showed that performance was higher when female and male cohorts were analyzed separately, rather than combined, and also progressively increased with the number of molecular datasets considered. While multiomic informational gain has already been illustrated in other medical fields, our results pave the way towards similar advances in molecular psychiatry, and have practical implications towards developing clinically useful biomarkers of MDD.
Enterosignatures of the Fecal Pig Microbiota: Exploring Determinants and Revealing Host-Performance Consequences
Authors: Vourlaki Ioanna-Theoni , Rio Raquel , Clavell Adria , Ramírez-Ayala Lino C. , Ballester Maria , Sanchez Juan Pablo , Piles Miriam , Quintanilla Raquel , de Oliveira Angela Cristina Fonseca , Costa Leandro Batista , Dalmau Antoni , Ramayo-Caldas Yuliaxis
Published: February 2024

The pig gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem composed of microbial guilds, which until recently were unknown. Here, we decomposed the pig fecal microbiota of 648 healthy pigs during the transition (n=400) and growing-finishing (n=248) periods in co-occurring bacterial communities defined as pig enterosignatures (pig ES). Our results indicate that fecal microbial ecosystems can accurately be described by combinations of at least six pig ES, driven by Prevotella (ES-Prev), Treponema (ES-Trep), Lactobacillus (ES-Lact), Clostridium (ES-Clost), Streptococcus (ES-Strep), and UBA2810 (ES-UBA2) genera. We observed a dynamic shift in the composition of pig ES, where ES-Prev, ES-Strep, and ES-Lact seem to be core components, while ES-Trep, ES-Clost, and ES-UBA play age-specific roles. Our results suggest partial genetic control by the host, with heritabilities of pig ES composition ranging from 0.30 to 0.42. Furthermore, our findings indicate that stress can impact pig ES assembly, decreasing ES-Lact abundance while increasing the prevalence of ES-Strep. We noted a positive link between ES-Prev and growth at 60 days, which later evolved negatively, impacting feed efficiency during the finish-growing period. Additionally, we observed a negative association of ES-Strep and a positive impact of ES-Lact on growth and feed efficiency during the growing period. Remarkably, a negative association between the abundance of ES-Lact and levels of hair cortisol was also observed during this period. Overall, our findings confirm the key ecological roles of Prevotella, Treponema, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus from previous studies in pigs and reveal novels links with relevant porcine physiological and performance traits. Finally, despite pig ES proving valuable in dissecting microbial communities into assemblies of underlying microbial guilds, showcasing its potential as a novel tool in breeding and precision farming. Our findings emphasize the importance of customizing microbial consortia to meet the nutritional and health requirements at each stage or category of the porcine production chain.
City branding as a tool for developing the territory competitiveness
Authors: Jasnikowski Adam
Published: February 2024

In modern conditions, the city brand represents a set of thoughts, feelings, and expectations that shape the territory's character, reputation, and value system. Creating a strong and recognizable brand for the city and region will ensure the growth of competitiveness and increase attractiveness for stakeholders, companies, tourists, and the population. The article aims to study the theoretical and applied principles of branding cities and territories as a component of their competitive development. The authors investigated the dynamics and features of scientific publications in the Scopus database on the topic of city branding using the Scopus Analytics toolkit, which allowed them to analyze the dynamics of publication activity and the main subject areas of research. The dynamics of the number of publications indicate a significant increase in scientific interest in the issues of branding cities and territories: compared to 2004, the number of publications has increased by more than thirty times. The analyzed subject areas of research testify to the dominance of the socio-economic direction of research, particularly social sciences, business, management and accounting, economics, econometrics and finance, and environmental sciences. As part of the study of scientific approaches to branding places and territories, the authors single out the key components of the system of its formation: place experience, place identity, place image, product offers, projected narratives and tourism. The systematization of branding strategies of cities and territories, which will ensure the competitive development of regions, made it possible to single out strategies for preserving the feeling of the city, developing iconic projects, organizing iconic events, developing the creative economy, and creating images of cities and territories through mass media. As part of the study of applied aspects of city branding, the authors studied successful examples of the implementation of branding in developed cities, particularly New York, Stockholm, and Dubai.
Analisis Penyebab Rendahnya Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Calon Guru Matematika Menggunakan APKL, USG, dan Diagram Fishbone
Authors: Darmawan Puguh , Yohanes Barep , Hadi Mei Rina
Published: February 2024

Problem-solving is one of the process standards that has been discussed by NCTM and is very important for prospective mathematics teachers to master. The reality is that prospective mathematics teachers have low problem-solving abilities, so it is necessary to analyze the causes of these low-solving abilities. This research aims to uncover the causes of the low problem-solving abilities of prospective mathematics teachers using PKL, USG, and fishbone diagrams. The research method used is qualitative. The research subjects were students of the Mathematics Education study program, FMIPA, Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi who were prospective mathematics teachers according to the achievements of study program graduates. The main instrument of this research is the researcher. Meanwhile, supporting instruments include tests, open questionnaires, researcher notes, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was carried out using the APKL, followed by the USG method, and then using the fishbone diagram. The results of the research reveal that the causes of low problem-solving abilities are inadequate procedural abilities in solving mathematical problems, inadequate declarative knowledge or knowledge of mathematical concepts, inadequate representational abilities, biological problems, and inadequate interests. This research provides signs for educators to anticipate the causes of the low problem-solving abilities of prospective mathematics teachers.
Efektivitas Problem-based Learning Berbantuan Media Pembelajaran Kartu Etnomatematika Batik Jombangan dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik SMP
Authors: Umardiyah Fitri , Zuhriawan M. Qoyum , Satiti Wisnu Siwi
Published: February 2024

Geometric transformation material requires the role of imagination to link theoretical concepts with real examples. The PBL model can be a means for students to be more active in solving geometric problems, but abstract geometric concepts need to be combined with surrounding objects. One of the surrounding objects that has the concept of geometric transformation is the Jombangan batik cloth. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of problem-based learning assisted by Jombangan batik ethnomathematics cards in increasing junior high school students' learning motivation on geometric transformation material. This research uses a quantitative approach type one-group pretest-posttest design. The research subjects were 32 students in class 7A of Al-Furqon Middle School. Researchers used Jombangan batik ethnomathematics card media as a medium for PBL learning on geometric transformation material. Furthermore, the research instruments used were pretest and posttest learning motivation questionnaires and learning outcomes tests. The data analysis technique used is the paired sample t-test from the results of the learning motivation questionnaire and is supported by learning outcome test scores. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, a significance value of 0.001 (0.001 < 0.05) was obtained, so it can be concluded that PBL learning assisted by Jombangan batik ethnomathematics cards is effective in increasing students' learning motivation on geometric transformation material. The results of the hypothesis test are supported by the results of student learning tests where 90% of students obtained a score above 75.
A ciência em “História das Invenções”: a presença da alfabetização científica na literatura infantil
Authors: Costa Biânca Luiz dos Santos , Silva Tamiris de Almeida , Fireman Elton Casado
Published: February 2024

Desde pequenas, antes mesmo de ir à escola pela primeira vez, a criança já convive em ambientes em que a Ciência, a tecnologia e os textos se fazem presentes; então, embasados nessa discussão e partindo do entendimento de que o ensino de Ciências e a Literatura Infantil podem ser trabalhados em conjunto, esta pesquisa busca responder à seguinte problemática: “Quais as contribuições da leitura do episódio ‘Mais mão’, presente no livro de literatura infantil ‘Histórias das Invenções’, de Monteiro Lobato, para a promoção da Alfabetização Científica dos sujeitos?”. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar as contribuições do livro de literatura infantil “Histórias das Invenções”, de Monteiro Lobato, para a promoção da Alfabetização Científica dos leitores. Sendo assim, enquanto procedimentos metodológicos, esta pesquisa apresenta uma abordagem qualitativa e se define como pesquisa do tipo documental; além disso, na análise dos dados, foram utilizados os procedimentos da Análise Textual Discursiva. Por fim, os resultados da investigação apontam para discussões relacionadas à Natureza da Ciência no episódio “Mais mão”, o que contribui para a Alfabetização Científica dos leitores do texto.
PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA
Authors:   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124., Chakraborty Tamalika , Gupta Tushar ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124., Verma Nayana ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124., Parwez Zarin ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124., Deb Kaustav ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124., Chakraborty Tamoghana ,   Guru Nanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 157/F Nilgunj Road, Sodepur Panihati, Kolkata 700124.
Published: February 2024

One of the main bacteria responsible for hospital-acquired illnesses is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Through chromosomal changes or the horizontal acquisition of resistant determinants, antibiotic resistance can be easily developed it. High-risk clones, like ST175, are spreading together with the rising frequency of extensively-drug-resistant (XDR) or multi-drug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates. MDR/XDR infections should be taken seriously since they can make it difficult to choose the best empirical and conclusive antimicrobial therapies. New avenues for the treatment of MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa infections have been opened by the introduction of powerful new antibiotics. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains are known to withstand the majority of antibiotics by utilizing their high levels of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. Furthermore, recalcitrance and infection recurrence are caused by P. aeruginosas adaptive antibiotic resistance, a recently identified process that combines biofilm-mediated resistance and the development of multidrug-tolerant persister cells. There is a growing need for and interest in the research and development of alternative therapeutic approaches that offer fresh approaches to combat P. aeruginosa infections. Much recent research has documented various novel therapeutic methods that have proven pronouncedly effective in treating drug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, but largely at the preclinical stages. This review focuses on the Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosaand also provides an overview of the characteristics of pseudomonas bacteria, various infections caused by them, the mechanism of antibiotic resistance, their clinical implications, Challenges in treatment, strategies for management and control, and future perspectives and research directions.
Impact of Robotics on different sectors
Authors: Parihar Yogita
Published: February 2024

Robotics and automation industries are a new technological change. It is affected human employment opportunities directly. The research paper is based on impact of Robots on employment. Although using robotics technology positively impacts quality production, it has some negative drawbacks, which must be studied. The positive and negative aspect of this technology gives us wider view to understand better implementation of this technology. The objectives of the research are to check real and ground-level reality of robotics technology effects. The study is exploratory research which is based on secondary sources like books, online sources, analyze of industries prior and post-employment data from different websites of concerned public departments, journals, research papers, websites of concerned industries and service sector, magazines and newspapers etc. Before doing research, understand the robotics and automation industry's working style and functions. After understanding basics of this industry's pro and cons, check its impacts on human resources, production quality, and process. The conclusion of research shows replacing employees with robots is good and sometimes it is necessary for some organizations in current challenging environments. Robotics technology has improved the motivation of employees in the industrial sector.
Exploring Ethical Considerations in Research: Guidelines and Practices
Authors: Tripathi Shreyashee , Chaturvedi Ramesh V
Published: February 2024

We see a gap in the literature between the ethical guidelines suggested so far for the ethical conduction of research andthe issues faced in the practice of the same. The article aims to identify the ethical guidelines which have been followedrecently in the conduction of research and also the issues faced with them, and the unethical practices reported, with thehelp of qualitative study of existing literature. With time and the advancement of technology, as the processes of researchhave evolved, new ethical dilemmas have also emerged which are not addressed by the existing guidelines precisely. Wesuggest re-evaluating the existing guidelines to address the emerging issues regarding the ethical conduction of research
Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Decision Architecture
Authors: Kumari Santosh
Published: February 2024

Modern economic theory has been dominated by neoclassical economics since the 1970s. Like any theory, neoclassical economics also has a series of assumptions underpinning it. These assumptions have been criticized and challenged on various grounds in the past several decades. The most serious assumption is the assumption of rational economic agents who aim to maximize their utility by analyzing the costs and benefits of every decision. The presence of “homo economicus” is very rare in our society. In fact, it is practically and psychologically impossible to be rational even most of the times. Empirical and experimental research heavily corroborates this fact. Despite such massive evidence, nearly all economic models and public policies use this distorting assumption in analysis and research. The result has been catastrophic, as can be seen in the Global Financial Crisis of 2008, the Dot-Com bust and numerous financial market crashes before that. Furthermore, the theory of rationality also reduces the effectiveness of government policies in achieving their objectives. Behavioral economics has emerged to address these fallacies of modern neoclassical economics and complement it to improve economic theory, methodologies and forecasting. Behavioral economics has mainly two branchesmacro theory which aims to design macro-economic models incorporating behavioral concepts and micro theory which explains the various biases that individuals, groups and institutions exhibit in economic and even social decision-making. This research is focused on micro-behavioral economic theory. While a colossal magnitude of research has been done in identifying, testing and explaining the plethora of behavioral biases, there is a dearth of research on systematically reducing these biases. This research aims to fill this gap by conducting research on private and public sector employees of 30 to 40 years age and testing for a significant difference in level of biases revealed between the two groups of employees. The research found that there is a significant level of difference in the rational decision-making behavior of the two groups of employees. It also discusses the applications of the findings and the further scope for research.
Globalization’s Cultural Odyssey: Navigating Multicultural Waters in Business
Authors: Goyal Mukta , Sahani Tanwangini
Published: February 2024

Globalization has ushered in a transformative era in business, eradicating borders and fostering cross-border commerce. This phenomenon has led to an influx of multinational corporations (MNCs) venturing into developing nations. Consequently, MNCs are now prevalent in various countries, with diverse cultural landscapes. The essence of managing across cultures has emerged as a direct outcome of globalization, necessitating that expatriates, hailing from foreign cultures, adapt to and lead individuals from disparate cultural backgrounds in unfamiliar settings. This challenge has yielded a mixed track record, with both successes and failures. Managing across cultures demands the intricate balance of assimilating into, and yet retaining, one’s own culture while comprehending and respecting the cultures, customs, management practices, and preferences of others. It is a dynamic process of adjusting to a multitude of sometimes conflicting cultures while preserving one’s own cultural identity
Lightweight small target detection based on aerial remote sensing images
Authors: Li Muzi
Published: February 2024

With the upgrading of aviation space technology, the amount of information contained in remote sensing images in the aviation is gradually increasing, and the detection technology based on small targets has developed. For lightweight small targets, pixels per unit area contain more information than large targets, and their area is too small, which is easily overlooked by conventional detection models. To enhance the attention of such algorithms, this study first introduces a Control Bus Attention Mechanism (CBAM) in the fifth generation You Only Look Once (YOLOv5) algorithm to increase the algorithm’s attention to small targets and generate optimization algorithms. Then convolutional neural network is used to mark feature pixels of the optimization algorithm, eliminate redundant information, and generate fusion algorithm, which is used to generate redundant information with high similarity when the optimization algorithm surveys pixel blocks. The novelty of this study lies in using CBAM to improve YOLOv5 algorithm. CBAM module can extract important features from images by adaptively learning the channel and spatial attention of feature maps. By weighting the channel and spatial attention of the feature map, the network can pay more attention to important features and suppress irrelevant background information. This attention mechanism can help the network better capture the characteristics of small targets and improve the accuracy and robustness of detection. Embedding CBAM module into YOLOv5 detection network can enhance the network's perception of small targets. CBAM module can improve the expressive ability and feature extraction ability of the network without increasing the complexity of the network. By introducing CBAM module, YOLOv5 can better capture the characteristics of small targets in aerial remote sensing images, and improve the detection accuracy and recall rate. Finally, the proposed fusion algorithm is used for experiments on the Tiny-Person dataset and compared with the fifth, sixth, and seventh generations of You Only Look Once. When the fusion algorithm tests the target, the classification accuracy of Sea-person is 39 %, the classification accuracy of Earth-person is 31 %, and the probability of being predicted as the background is 56 % and 67 %, respectively. And the overall accuracy of this algorithm is 0.987, which is the best among the four algorithms. The experimental results show that the fusion algorithm proposed in the study has precise positioning for lightweight small targets and can achieve good application results in aerial remote sensing images.
Improving piano music signal recognition through enhanced frequency domain analysis
Authors: Gao Hongjiao
Published: February 2024

Feature extraction is a crucial component in the analysis of piano music signals. This article introduced three methods for feature extraction based on frequency domain analysis, namely short-time Fourier transform (STFT), linear predictive cepstral coefficient (LPCC), and Mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC). An improvement was then made to the MFCC. The inverse MFCC (IMFCC) was combined with mid-frequency MFCC (MidMFCC). The Fisher criterion was used to select the 12-order parameters with the maximum Fisher ratio, which were combined into the F-MFCC feature for recognizing 88 single piano notes through a support vector machine. The results indicated that when compared with the STFT and LPCC, the MFCC exhibited superior performance in recognizing piano music signals, with an accuracy rate of 78.03 % and an F1 value of 85.92 %. Nevertheless, the proposed F-MFCC achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 90.91 %, representing a substantial improvement by 12.88 % over the MFCC alone. These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the designed F-MFCC feature for piano music signal recognition as well as its potential application in practical music signal analysis.
Research on stress through photoelastic experiment and finite element method considering sliding wear
Authors: Yang Tao , Wei Yunpeng , Han Jihao , Chen Zhidong
Published: February 2024

Sliding contact on the contact interface of friction pairs is a common type of contact. The sliding wear caused by sliding contact has an obvious influence on the stress in the contact area. In this study, the photoelastic experiment and finite element method are adopted to study variation laws of stress in the contact area. The results show that the stress in the contact region is very concentrated, and the contact half-width gradually ascends with the increase of sliding wear. The stress intensity in the contact region and von Mises stress at the contact centre decrease with the increase of wear depth. In the case of a wear depth of less than 0.3 mm, the stress intensity and the contact stress decrease rapidly with the growth of wear depth. When the wear depth exceeds 0.3 mm, the influence of wear depth on the stress intensity and contact stress is small. The results of this research clarify the effect of sliding wear on the stress in the contact area, and provide a reference for studying the contact issues.
Influence of sliding wear on contact characteristics based on 3-D wheel/rail contact model
Authors: Han Jihao , Wei Yunpeng , Yang Tao
Published: February 2024

During the process of starting, braking and running of the train, sliding contact between wheel and rail occurs. The wear caused by sliding contact exerts a noteworthy influence on the contact characteristics of wheel/rail. To analyze these characteristics, a three-dimensional wheel/rail contact wear model is established, and the contact characteristics at different wear depths are studied. The results indicate that at initial contact, the wheel/rail contact patch is approximately elliptical in shape and its area is 122.5 mm2. The von Mises stress of the wheel and rail is maximum in the subsurface at a distance of 2 mm from the contact interface, with maximum values of 559 MPa and 628 MPa respectively. When the wear depth is less than 0.5 mm, the wear depth, contact area and size increase quickly. As the amount of wheel contact wear increases, the maximum contact stress gradually decreases and the contact stress becomes uniform. In addition, the calculation results indicate that the contact patch shape does not always remain elliptical, the shape can change from elliptical to rectangular as the wear depth increases. As the increasing of wear amount, the contact stress gradient on the inner side of wheel contact surface increases.
Smart River Information Services in managing Nile River navigation system
Authors: Kamal Noha
Published: February 2024

In terms of the significance of incorporating smart techniques into large river navigation systems to increase inland navigation competitiveness, this article introduces the development of smart River Information Services (RIS) in Egypt based on smart information and communication technologies as real-time tracking systems, Open Geographic Information Systems, and Nile River Information Systems, as well as proposes measures to tackle the challenges that may be faced, compared with experiences and knowledge of RIS in large river smart navigation systems. This comparison creates new frameworks for the future development of using smart technology in inland waterways in Egypt. It could be concluded that advanced navigation technologies and infrastructures are still being developed in Egypt and are not yet available. Almost all of Egypt's Vessel Traffic Services station equipment and applications are imported from Europe. Undoubtedly, there will be at least a 5- to 10-year time lag for Egypt to develop independent RIS to its full extent. It is necessary to keep good cooperation with the European and Chinese inland sector and refer to their experience and knowledge.
EVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DOS VEÍCULOS ELÉTRICOS
Authors: Barbosa dos Santos Marcos Fernando , Nardi Julio Cesar , Teixeira Giovany Frossard , Berilli Sávio da Silva , Carvalho Victório Albani
Published: February 2024

O transporte por meio de veículos a combustão interna é um dos grandes responsáveis pela emissão de CO2e, o que tem levado a eletrificação dos transportes. Nessa transição, baterias e sistemas de armazenamento desempenham papel fundamental, apresentando desafios significativos. Baterias de íons de lítio, embora tenham revolucionado o mercado de veículos elétricos, requerem avanços substanciais em desempenho, produção e custo. Ademais, há uma preocupação com a possível geração de grande volume de resíduos dessas baterias até 2040, exigindo estratégias de reutilização, reciclagem e eliminação segura. Neste contexto, este trabalho objetiva caracterizar o cenário das invenções no campo das baterias e sistemas de armazenamento para veículos elétricos por meio de um estudo prospectivo aplicado a documentos de patentes. Foram definidos 4 aspectos de interesse: evolução temporal das patentes, cobertura geográfica, principais depositantes/titulares, e segmentos tecnológicos. Como resultados seguem: (i) o crescimento considerável no desenvolvimento dessas tecnologias, com maior taxa de 2003 a 2010 e com pico significativo em 2022, sendo que a trajetória de crescimento se mantém; (ii) a cobertura geográfica evidencia a liderança incontestável da Ásia, em especial, a China, consolidando a influência asiática no cenário global; (iii) quanto aos principais depositantes, a sul coreana Hyundai Motor lidera, sendo que dentre as cinco empresas mais representativas, três são japonesas; e (iv) análise dos segmentos tecnológicos revela uma distribuição abrangente, com destaque para a subclasse Y02T, indicando um foco em tecnologias de mitigação de mudanças climáticas, seguida da subclasse B60L, que enfatiza avanços específicos nas tecnologias de propulsão para veículos elétricos.