bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Online Indicators of Written Production: ‘Bio-Behavioural’ Markers of Dyslexia–Dysorthographia?
Authors: Mazur Audrey , Quignard Matthieu
Published: November 2024

Dyslexia–dysorthographia is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the symptoms appear during the person’s development (generally around the age of 7 or 8) and persist throughout life. The study of this written language disorder mainly focuses on children, principally in the clinical, cognitive science and neuroscience fields. The importance and originality of this study are that it investigates the impact of dyslexia–dysorthographia on written production in young adults (students) with dyslexia, from a psycholinguistic perspective. To do this, students and matched-control individuals were asked to produce written texts on the same theme. These productions were then analysed, observing on-line indicators, such as pause location and duration. The current investigation found that students with dyslexia still have important difficulties with writing and their lack of automation in spelling has consequences on the transcription and planning process: although they have the same handwriting speed, pressure and word rate as control students, they make longer pauses before words, especially before short and long words, words involving grammatical inflexion, grammatical words and punctuation.
Association of Antibody–Drug Conjugate (ADC) Target Expression and Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Association or Causation or Neither?
Authors: Desai Aakash , Subbiah Vivek , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Sheshadri Ajay , Deshmukh Sameer , Peters Solange
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, despite advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising therapeutic approach by delivering cytotoxic agents specifically to cancer cells, potentially reducing harm to healthy tissues. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and challenges associated with ADCs in NSCLC, with a focus on drug-induced interstitial lung disease (D-ILD). Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted across MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), and other sources up to March 2023, to identify ADCs used in NSCLC treatment and their associated risk of D-ILD. The incidence of ILD was analyzed from clinical trial data, while ADC target expression was examined through RNA and protein levels in normal and tumor lung tissues. Discussion: Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of ADCs in NSCLC, as evidenced by significant clinical outcomes. However, the occurrence of D-ILD presents a notable challenge, as its incidence was not directly correlated with the expression levels of the target antigens. This suggests that D-ILD may result from factors beyond antigen expression, including the cytotoxic payload and linker characteristics of ADCs. Conclusion: ADCs offer a promising avenue for NSCLC treatment. Nonetheless, the risk of D-ILD necessitates a balanced approach in ADC development, focusing on optimizing linker and payload properties to mitigate this adverse effect. Further research is essential to better understand and manage D-ILD, ensuring the safe and effective use of ADCs in clinical practice.
Radiomics Features from Positron Emission Tomography with [18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Can Help Predict Cervical Nodal Status in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Bianconi Francesco , Salis Roberto , Fravolini Mario Luca , Khan Muhammad Usama , Filippi Luca , Marongiu Andrea , Nuvoli Susanna , Spanu Angela , Palumbo Barbara
Published: November 2024

Background: Detecting pathological lymph nodes (LNs) is crucial for establishing the proper clinical approach in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). Positron emission tomography with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG PET) has high diagnostic value, although it can yield false positives since FDG-avid LNs can also occur from non-cancerous diseases. Objectives: To explore if radiomics features from FDG PET can enhance the identification of pathological lymph nodes in head and neck cancer. Materials and methods: This study was carried out on n=51 cervical lymph nodes (26 negative, 25 positive) from a cohort of n=27 subjects, and the standard of reference was fine needle aspiration cytology or excisional biopsy. An initial set of 54 IBSI-compliant radiomics features, which was subsequently reduced to 31 after redundancy elimination, was considered for the analysis. Mann–Whitney U tests were performed to compare each feature between positive and negative LNs. Classification models based on two sets of features, PETBase (SUVmax, MTV and TLG) and PETRad (radiomics features), respectively, were trained using logistic regression, support vector machines and Gaussian naïve Bayes, and their performance was compared. Accuracy was estimated via leave-one-out cross-validation. Results: We identified via univariate analysis 21 features that were statistically different between positive and negative LNs. In particular, dispersion features indicated that positive LNs had higher uptake non-uniformity than the negative ones. AUC, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy obtained with logistic regression were, respectively, 0.840, 68.0%, 89.5% and 80.4% for PETBase and 0.880, 72.0%, 90.0% and 82.4% for PETRad. The other classification models showed the same trend. Conclusions: Radiomics features from FDG PET can improve the diagnostic accuracy of LN status in HNC.
Apoptosis: A Comprehensive Overview of Signaling Pathways, Morphological Changes, and Physiological Significance and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Mustafa Mohd , Ahmad Rizwan , Tantry Irfan Qadir , Ahmad Waleem , Siddiqui Sana , Alam Mudassir , Abbas Kashif , Moinuddin  , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Habib Safia , Islam Sidra
Published: November 2024

Cell survival and death are intricately governed by apoptosis, a meticulously controlled programmed cell death. Apoptosis is vital in facilitating embryonic development and maintaining tissue homeostasis and immunological functioning. It is a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways that ultimately converges on executing the apoptotic program. The extrinsic pathway is initiated by the binding of death ligands such as TNF-α and Fas to their respective receptors on the cell surface. In contrast, the intrinsic pathway leads to increased permeability of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the release of apoptogenic factors like cytochrome c, which is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Once activated, these pathways lead to a cascade of biochemical events, including caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and the dismantling of cellular components. Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in various disorders, such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. This article focuses on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying apoptosis regulation, to develop targeted therapeutic strategies. Modulating apoptotic pathways holds immense potential in cancer treatment, where promoting apoptosis in malignant cells could lead to tumor regression. This article demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting apoptosis, providing options for treating cancer and neurological illnesses. The safety and effectiveness of apoptosis-targeting drugs are being assessed in ongoing preclinical and clinical trials (phase I–III), opening the door for more effective therapeutic approaches and better patient outcomes.
Fetal Red Blood Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Biological Properties and Implications for Neonatal Transfusion
Authors: Pellegrino Claudio , Stone Elizabeth F. , Valentini Caterina Giovanna , Teofili Luciana
Published: November 2024

Transfusion guidelines worldwide include recommendations regarding the storage length, irradiation, or even donor cytomegalovirus serostatus of red blood cell (RBC) units for anemic neonates. Nevertheless, it is totally overlooked that RBCs of these patients fundamentally differ from those of older children and adults. These differences vary from size, shape, hemoglobin composition, and oxygen transport to membrane characteristics, cellular metabolism, and lifespan. Due to these profound dissimilarities, repeated transfusions of adult RBCs in neonates deeply modify the physiology of circulating RBC populations. Unsurprisingly, the number of RBC transfusions in preterm neonates, particularly if born before 28 weeks of gestation, predicts morbidity and mortality. This review provides a comprehensive description of the biological properties of fetal, cord blood, and neonatal RBCs, including the implications that neonatal RBCs, and their replacement by adult RBCs, may have for perinatal disease pathophysiology.
Aloe Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Photoinducible Metabolites Exhibiting Cellular Phototoxicity
Authors: Calzoni Eleonora , Bertoldi Agnese , Cesaretti Alessio , Alabed Husam B. R. , Cerrotti Giada , Pellegrino Roberto Maria , Buratta Sandra , Urbanelli Lorena , Emiliani Carla
Published: November 2024

The growing interest in plant-origin active molecules with medicinal properties has led to a revaluation of plants in the pharmaceutical field. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation drug delivery systems due to their ability to concentrate and deliver a plethora of bioactive molecules. These bilayer membranous vesicles, whose diameter ranges from 30 to 1000 nm, are released by different cell types and play a crucial role in cross-kingdom communication between plants and humans. Notably, PDEVs have demonstrated efficacy in treating various diseases, including cancer, alcoholic liver disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. However, further research on plant vesicles is necessary to fully understand their traits and purposes. This study investigates the phototoxic effects of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Aloe arborescens, Aloe barbadensis, and Aloe chinensis on the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-5, focusing on their anthraquinone content, recognized as natural photosensitizers. The phototoxic impact of Aloe EVs is associated with ROS production, leading to significant oxidative stress in melanoma cells, as validated by a metabolome analysis. These findings suggest that EVs from Aloe arborescens, Aloe barbadensis, and Aloe chinensis hold promise as potential photosensitizers, thus highlighting their potential for future application in photodynamic cancer therapy and providing valuable insights into the possible utilization of PDEVs for therapeutic purposes.
Crosstalk Between Oxidative Stress and Epigenetics: Unveiling New Biomarkers in Human Infertility
Authors: Dutta Sulagna , Sengupta Pallav , Mottola Filomena , Das Sandipan , Hussain Arif , Ashour Ahmed , Rocco Lucia , Govindasamy Kadirvel , Rosas Israel Maldonado , Roychoudhury Shubhadeep
Published: November 2024

The correlation between epigenetic alterations and the pathophysiology of human infertility is progressively being elucidated with the discovery of an increasing number of target genes that exhibit altered expression patterns linked to reproductive abnormalities. Several genes and molecules are emerging as important for the future management of human infertility. In men, microRNAs (miRNAs) like miR-34c, miR-34b, and miR-122 regulate apoptosis, sperm production, and germ cell survival, while other factors, such as miR-449 and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), influence testicular health, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function. In women, miR-100-5p, miR-483-5p, and miR-486-5p are linked to ovarian reserve, PCOS, and conditions like endometriosis. Mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin restructuring, and the influence of these non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules have been identified as potential perturbators of normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis processes. In fact, alteration of these key regulators of epigenetic processes can lead to reproductive disorders such as defective spermatogenesis, failure of oocyte maturation and embryonic development alteration. One of the primary factors contributing to changes in the key epigenetic regulators appear to be oxidative stress, which arises from environmental exposure to toxic substances or unhealthy lifestyle choices. This evidence-based study, retracing the major epigenetic processes, aims to identify and discuss the main epigenetic biomarkers of male and female fertility associated with an oxidative imbalance, providing future perspectives in the diagnosis and management of infertile couples.
Prediction of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Al2O3–TiB2–TiC Composites Using Design of Mixture Experiments
Authors: Solís Pinargote Nestor Washington , Pristinskiy Yuri , Meleshkin Yaroslav , Kurmysheva Alexandra Yu. , Mozhaev Aleksandr , Lavreshin Nikolay , Smirnov Anton
Published: November 2024

In this study, the design of mixture experiments was used to find empirical models that could predict, for a first approximation, the relative density, flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of sintered composites in order to identify further areas of research in the Al2O3-TiB2-TiC ternary system. The composites were obtained by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of these mixtures at 1700 °C, 80 MPa and a dwell of 3 min. The obtained experimental results were analyzed in the statistical analysis software Minitab 17, and then, different regression models were obtained for each property. Based on the selected models, contour plots were made in the Al2O3–TiB2–TiC simplex for a visual representation of the predicted results. By combining these plots, it was possible to obtain one common zone in the Al2O3–TiB2–TiC simplex, which shows the following combination of physical and mechanical properties for sintered samples: relative densities, flexural strength, Vickers hardness, and fracture toughness of than 99%, 500 MPa, 18 GPa, and 7.0 МPa·m1/2, respectively. For a first approximation in determining the further area of research, the obtained models describe well the behavior of the studied properties. The results of the analysis showed that the design of mixture experiments allows us to identify the most promising compositions in terms of mechanical properties without resorting to labor-intensive and financially expensive full-scale experiments. Our work shows that 10 different compositions were required for preliminary analysis.
Optimum Conditions and Maximum Capacity of Amine-Based CO2 Capture Plant at Technology Centre Mongstad
Authors: Haji Kermani Shahin , Putta Koteswara Rao , Øi Lars Erik
Published: November 2024

Using amine-based solutions is a mature method for CO2 capture. This study simulates this process at Technology Centre Mongstad (TCM) using a rate-based model in Aspen Plus. The main purpose is to develop a rigorous model for TCM and find the operation limits, maximum utilization capacity, and maximum achievable CO2 removal efficiency at the plant. The model accuracy is verified by using different scenarios from the test campaign reports at TCM with three main configurations: Combined Heat and Power flue gas, Refinery Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracker flue gas, and cold rich-solvent bypass. The deviation between the experimental data and simulation results is compared. The model shows better accuracy with more detailed input data and accurate practical parameters. The verified model is used with all the TCM configurations to simulate the plant. Aspen Exchanger Design and Rating is also used to design real heat exchangers. To avoid flooding, the maximum gas flow to the absorber column is 52,000 Sm3/h. There is a maximum reboiler duty of 8.4 and 3.4 MW for the Residue Fluid Catalytic Cracker and the Combined Heat and Power flue gas strippers, respectively. The optimum operating condition to achieve a CO2 removal efficiency of 90% after amine lean loading adjustment, using maximum gas flow, both strippers, and 15% rich-solvent bypass, gives a total specific reboiler duty of 3.0 MJ/kgCO2. By using a maximum amine flow rate of 230 ton/h, a CO2 removal efficiency of 98% can be achieved. The optimum modification gives a bypass fraction of 19% and a specific reboiler duty of 3.63 MJ/kgCO2.
Effect of Layer Thickness on the Practical Adhesion of Borided Monel 400 Alloy
Authors: Alfonso-Reyes Francisco Javier , Martínez-Trinidad José , Moreno-Pacheco Luis Alfonso , Quintana-Hernández Osvaldo , Wong-Ángel Wilbert , García-León Ricardo Andrés
Published: November 2024

This study presents new results on the practical adhesion behavior of a boride layer formed on Monel 400 alloy, developed using the powder-pack boriding (PPBP) at 1223 K for 2, 4, and 6 h of exposure times, obtaining layer thicknesses from approximately 7.9 to 23.8 µm. The nickel boride layers were characterized using optical microscopy, Berkovich nanoindentation, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine microstructure, hardness distribution, and failure mechanisms over the worn tracks. Scratch tests were conducted on the borided Monel 400 alloy according to the ASTM C-1624 standard, applying a progressively increasing normal load from 1 to 85 N using a Rockwell-C diamond indenter, revealing that critical loads (LC1, LC2, and LC3) increased with layer thickness. The tests monitored the coefficient of friction and residual stress in real time. Critical loads were determined based on the correlation between the normal force and visual inspection of the worn surface, identifying cracks (cohesive failure) or detachment (adhesive failure). The results exposed those cohesive failures that appeared as Hertzian cracks, while adhesive failures were chipping and delamination, with critical loads reaching up to 49.0 N for the 6 h borided samples. Also, the results indicated that critical loads increased with greater layer thickness. The boride layer hardness was approximately 12 ± 0.3 GPa, ~4.0 times greater than the substrate, and Young’s modulus reached 268 ± 15 GPa. These findings underscore that PPBP significantly enhances surface mechanical properties, demonstrating the potential for applications demanding high wear resistance and strong layer adhesion.
Nanoporous Copper Films: How to Grow Porous Films by Magnetron Sputter Deposition
Authors: Borysiewicz Michał A. , Barańczyk Patrycja , Zawadzki Jakub , Wzorek Marek , Zybała Rafał , Synkiewicz-Musialska Beata , Krzyściak Paweł
Published: November 2024

Porous copper films used in current collectors have been shown to improve the stability of Li-ion batteries. They can be applied in Si-based photodiodes, sensors or as microradiators. Their fabrication, however, remains a challenge. In this work, we report on the direct deposition of porous copper films using magnetron sputtering in regular chamber geometry. We show how by using appropriate process gases and substrate temperatures, it is possible to control the morphology of the deposited films. In particular, the optimization of the argon to oxygen flow ratios and flow values leads to small porosification of the deposited copper films. Further, heating the substrate during deposition enables the growth of pore sizes into mesoporous and macroporous ranges. This approach is scalable, and since it does not require glancing angle deposition enables the easy coverage of large surfaces with uniformly porous films.
Diet Diversity of Two Sculpin Species (Cottidae) in Midwestern USA Trout Streams: Patterns Across Nine Years After Severe Summer Flooding
Authors: Mundahl Neal D.
Published: November 2024

The geographic ranges of slimy (Uranidea cognata) and mottled (Uranidea bairdii) sculpin overlap broadly across cool and coldwater streams and rivers in North America, where they can serve very important roles in fish community dynamics. The diet diversities of slimy and mottled sculpin were examined in early March (late winter) during eight out of nine years after the August 2007 catastrophic flooding in four streams to assess potential diet shifts as benthic invertebrate prey communities recovered post-flood. In total, 10,823 prey items, representing 39 invertebrate taxa and three fish taxa were identified from the stomachs of 532 slimy sculpins (present in Garvin Brook, Gilmore Creek, and Trout Run) and 179 mottled sculpins (present in Middle Fork Whitewater River). Only four prey taxa were consumed by sculpin in all streams: midge larvae and pupae (Diptera: Chironomidae), blackfly larvae and pupae (Diptera: Simuliidae), Hydropsyche caddisfly larvae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), and Baetis mayfly nymphs (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae). Midges dominated diets of both slimy (61% of prey by number) and mottled (76%) sculpin across all years. Consequently, Shannon diversities of diets were typically low across all years and streams for slimy sculpin (annual site range 0.07–0.83) and across years for mottled sculpin (annual range 0.11–0.46). Diversities and taxa richness of slimy sculpin diets increased in Garvin Brook and Trout Run across the study years (driven by significant declines in midge dominance) but remained relatively unchanged for slimy sculpin in Gilmore Creek and mottled sculpin in the Middle Fork. Individual slimy and mottled sculpin differed significantly both in the numbers of taxa consumed per fish (<2 versus 2.5 taxa/fish, respectively) and in the numbers of individual prey per fish (11 versus 26 prey, respectively). Slimy sculpin in two streams displayed modest shifts in diets as benthic prey communities recovered during the 9-year period post-flood, whereas slimy and mottled sculpin in other streams displayed little to no changes in diets. Differing flood severity among streams may have produced the different responses observed in sculpin diets.
An Algorithm for Affordable Vision-Based GNSS-Denied Strapdown Celestial Navigation
Authors: Teague Samuel , Chahl Javaan
Published: November 2024

Celestial navigation is rarely seen in modern Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The size and weight of a stabilized imaging system, and the lack of precision, tend to be at odds with the operational requirements of the aircraft. Nonetheless, celestial navigation is one of the few non-emissive modalities that enables global navigation over the ocean at night in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) denied environments. This study demonstrates a modular, low cost, lightweight strapdown celestial navigation solution that is utilized in conjunction with Ardupilot running on a Cube Orange to produce position estimates to within 4 km. By performing an orbit through a full rotation of compass heading and averaging the position output, we demonstrate that the biases present in a strapdown imaging system can be nullified to drastically improve the position estimate. Furthermore, an iterative method is presented which enables the geometric alignment of the camera with the Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS) in-flight without an external position input. The algorithm is tested using real flight data captured from a fixed wing aircraft. The results from this study offer promise for the application of low cost celestial navigation as a redundant navigation modality in affordable, lightweight drones.
LI-YOLO: An Object Detection Algorithm for UAV Aerial Images in Low-Illumination Scenes
Authors: Liu Songwen , He Hao , Zhang Zhichao , Zhou Yatong
Published: November 2024

With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology, deep learning is becoming more and more widely used in object detection in UAV aerial images; however, detecting and identifying small objects in low-illumination scenes is still a major challenge. Aiming at the problem of low brightness, high noise, and obscure details of low-illumination images, an object detection algorithm, LI-YOLO (Low-Illumination You Only Look Once), for UAV aerial images in low-illumination scenes is proposed. Specifically, in the feature extraction section, this paper proposes a feature enhancement block (FEB) to realize global receptive field and context information learning through lightweight operations and embeds it into the C2f module at the end of the backbone network to alleviate the problems of high noise and detail blur caused by low illumination with very few parameter costs. In the feature fusion part, aiming to improve the detection performance for small objects in UAV aerial images, a shallow feature fusion network and a small object detection head are added. In addition, the adaptive spatial feature fusion structure (ASFF) is also introduced, which adaptively fuses information from different levels of feature maps by optimizing the feature fusion strategy so that the network can more accurately identify and locate objects of various scales. The experimental results show that the mAP50 of LI-YOLO reaches 76.6% on the DroneVehicle dataset and 90.8% on the LLVIP dataset. Compared with other current algorithms, LI-YOLO improves the mAP 50 by 3.1% on the DroneVehicle dataset and 6.9% on the LLVIP dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve object detection performance in low-illumination scenes.
Impact of the Project of Returning Farmland to Forest on Promoting Forest Coverage Rates in Mountainous Areas: An Empirical Analysis Based on Remote Sensing in Yunnan
Authors: Zhang Yongdong , Yang Zisheng , Liu Fuhua , Xu Mingjun , Zhang Jiayi
Published: November 2024

The large–scale Project of Returning Farmland to Forest (PRFF) is a major strategic measure taken against the background of the catastrophic floods in 1998, and its policy effect urgently requires an accurate evaluation. Yunnan Province is an ecologically fragile province that integrates border areas, mountainous areas, ethnic groups, and underdeveloped areas. It is of great significance to study the effect of PRFF in Yunnan, which began in 2000, on promoting forest coverage rates (FCRs) in mountainous areas. In response to the shortcomings in the existing research, such as the lack of direct exploration and the limited policy evaluation tools of the effect of PRFF on improving FCRs in mountainous regions, this study takes Yunnan as an example based on land use/land cover (LULC) data interpreted from seven periods of RS images, aiming to study the effect of PRFF on promoting FCRs. After dividing 129 counties into 3 types (flatland county, semi-mountainous and semi-flatland (SMSF) county, and mountainous county), the Difference-In-Differences (DID) model and spatial DID models are used to measure the specific effect of PRFF on promoting FCRs based on county-level administrative units. The results indicate that PRFF has increased FCRs in non-flatland counties by 1.8082%, and the impact of PRFF on increasing FCRs in mountainous counties slightly exceeds that in SMSF counties. Although PRFF has converted some steep slope farmland into forest land, there is no evidence to suggest that the implementation of PRFF has significantly reduced the proportion of farmland and total grain production in non-flatland counties. Therefore, PRFF is an excellent project that promotes the increase in FCRs and benefits in the country and the people. The results can provide a reference for China to achieve the modernization of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and also offer a reference for other countries to improve FCRs and the local ecology.
Advances in Biorefinery of Cattle Manure for Value-Added Products
Authors: Chuenchart Wachiranon , Timilsina Amit Prasad , Ge Jiawei , Shah Ajay
Published: November 2024

A large amount of cattle manure is generated in the US every year, creating challenges for ecosystem sustainability while offering opportunities for value-added products through biorefinery. While methods like land application, composting, and anaerobic digestion are well established for treating cattle manure, advanced biorefinery technologies are needed to enhance the utilization of cattle manure or its digestate. Based on the composition of cattle manure, this review discusses technologies for the biorefinery of cattle manure or its digestate, including the recovery of fiber and protein, and the production of platform chemicals, such as volatile fatty acids, lactic acid, medium-chain carboxylic acids, ethanol, single-cell protein, and lipids. Additionally, this review discusses process integration for simultaneously producing multiple value-added products from cattle manure using various biorefinery technologies. By offering insights into different approaches, this review aims to support the development of integrated biorefinery processes, thereby improving the economic and environmental sustainability of cattle manure management.
RGB-D Camera and Fractal-Geometry-Based Maximum Diameter Estimation Method of Apples for Robot Intelligent Selective Graded Harvesting
Authors: Yan Bin , Li Xiameng
Published: November 2024

Realizing the integration of intelligent fruit picking and grading for apple harvesting robots is an inevitable requirement for the future development of smart agriculture and precision agriculture. Therefore, an apple maximum diameter estimation model based on RGB-D camera fusion depth information was proposed in the study. Firstly, the maximum diameter parameters of Red Fuji apples were collected, and the results were statistically analyzed. Then, based on the Intel RealSense D435 RGB-D depth camera and LabelImg software, the depth information of apples and the two-dimensional size information of fruit images were obtained. Furthermore, the relationship between fruit depth information, two-dimensional size information of fruit images, and the maximum diameter of apples was explored. Based on Origin software, multiple regression analysis and nonlinear surface fitting were used to analyze the correlation between fruit depth, diagonal length of fruit bounding rectangle, and maximum diameter. A model for estimating the maximum diameter of apples was constructed. Finally, the constructed maximum diameter estimation model was experimentally validated and evaluated for imitation apples in the laboratory and fruits on the Red Fuji fruit trees in modern apple orchards. The experimental results showed that the average maximum relative error of the constructed model in the laboratory imitation apple validation set was ±4.1%, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the estimated model was 0.98613, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 3.21 mm. The average maximum diameter estimation relative error on the modern orchard Red Fuji apple validation set was ±3.77%, the correlation coefficient (R2) of the estimation model was 0.84, and the root mean square error (RMSE) was 3.95 mm. The proposed model can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the selective apple-picking operation of intelligent robots based on apple size grading.
Hydrogel-Forming Microneedles in the Management of Dermal Disorders Through a Non-Invasive Process: A Review
Authors: Mohite Popat , Puri Abhijeet , Munde Shubham , Ade Nitin , Kumar Ashwini , Jantrawut Pensak , Singh Sudarshan , Chittasupho Chuda
Published: November 2024

Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as a promising approach for delivering therapeutic agents to the skin, offering significant potential in treating various dermal conditions. Among these technologies, hydrogel-forming microneedles (HFMNs) represent a transformative advancement in the management of dermal diseases through non-invasive drug delivery. These innovative devices consist of micrometer-sized needles made of native or crosslinked hydrophilic polymers, capable of penetrating the stratum corneum without damaging underlying tissues. Upon insertion, HFMNs rapidly absorb interstitial fluid, swelling to form a hydrogel conduit that enables the efficient transport of therapeutic agents directly into the dermal microcirculation. The non-invasive nature of HFMNs enhances patient compliance by eliminating the pain and discomfort associated with traditional hypodermic needles. This technology allows for the delivery of a wide range of drugs, including macromolecules and biomacromolecules, which are often difficult to administer dermally due to their size and polarity. Moreover, HFMNs provide controlled and regulated release profiles, enabling sustained therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic side effects. Additionally, HFMNs can be used for both drug delivery and real-time interstitial fluid monitoring, offering valuable insights into disease states and treatment responses. This dual functionality positions HFMNs as a versatile dermatology tool capable of effectively addressing various dermal complications. This review explores the potential use of polymeric biomaterials in HFMN fabrication and their application in treating major dermal disorders, such as acne, psoriasis, and other skin conditions. Furthermore, the review highlights the non-invasive nature of MN-based treatments, underscoring their potential to reduce patient discomfort and improve treatment adherence, as supported by the recent literature.
Identification of Key Candidate Genes Involved in Aluminum Accumulation in the Sepals of Hydrangea macrophylla
Authors: Luo Shuwen , Li Ying , Wan Yibing , Fan Youwei , Liu Chun , Yuan Suxia
Published: November 2024

Hydrangea macrophylla (H. macrophylla), a species in the genus Hydrangea in the family Hydrangeaceae, is widely valued for its ornamental qualities in both domestic and international markets. Notably, H. macrophylla is known for its ability to accumulate aluminum (Al). Moreover, aluminum ions (Al3+) participate in sepal bluing. However, the underlying mechanisms of Al accumulation in the sepals remain unclear. In this study, we utilized transcriptome data from two cultivars to identify genes associated with Al accumulation. In total, 154 differentially expressed isoforms between the CK and Tr groups in the sepals of both cultivars were screened. Through gene enrichment analysis and similarity identification in the CDS (coding sequence) region, 43 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 30 upregulated and 13 downregulated genes, in the sepals of the Al treatment group. Further analysis revealed that seven of these upregulated genes are related to Al accumulation in sepals. Among the seven, the gene HmALS3.1 was identified as a potential key player in Al transport within the sepals of H. macrophylla. This study lays the groundwork for further exploration into the mechanisms by which HmALS3.1 regulates Al accumulation in H. macrophylla.
Galectin-1 Induces the Production of Immune-Suppressive Cytokines in Human and Mouse T Cells
Authors: Herman Kimberly D. , Holyer Ian , Humphries Duncan C. , Adamska Anna , Roper James A. , Peterson Kristoffer , Zetterberg Fredrik R. , Pedersen Anders , MacKinnon Alison C. , Slack Robert J.
Published: November 2024

Galectin-1 is implicated in several pro-tumourigenic mechanisms and is considered immune-suppressive. The pharmacological inhibition of galectin-1 may be beneficial in cancers in which galectin-1 is overexpressed and driving cancer progression. This study aimed to further characterise the immunosuppressive cytokines influenced by galectin-1 in in vitro immune cell cultures and an in vivo inflammatory model using a recently discovered selective inhibitor of galectin-1, GB1908. To enable a translational approach and link mouse and human pharmacology, anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulated T cells cultured from human whole blood and mouse spleens were compared. For in vivo studies of T cell-mediated inflammation, the concanavalin-A (Con-A) mouse model was used to induce a T lymphocyte-driven acute liver injury phenotype. The inhibition of galectin-1 with GB1908 reduced IL-17A, IFNγ and TNFα in a concentration-dependent manner in both mouse and human T cells in vitro. The immunosuppressive cytokines measured in Con-A-treated mice were all upregulated compared to naïve mice. Subsequently, mice treated with GB1908 demonstrated a significant reduction in IL-17A, IFNγ, IL-6 and TNFα compared to vehicle-treated mice. In conclusion, galectin-1 induced the production of several important immune-suppressive cytokines from T cells in vitro and in vivo. This result suggests that, in the context of cancer therapy, a selective galectin-1 could be a viable approach as a monotherapy, or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents and/or checkpoint inhibitors, to enhance the numbers and activity of cytotoxic T cells in the tumour microenvironment of high galectin-1 expressing cancers.
Haploinsufficiency and Alzheimer’s Disease: The Possible Pathogenic and Protective Genetic Factors
Authors: Bagyinszky Eva , An Seong Soo A.
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder influenced by various genetic factors. In addition to the well-established amyloid precursor protein (APP), Presenilin-1 (PSEN1), Presenilin-2 (PSEN2), and apolipoprotein E (APOE), several other genes such as Sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1), Phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7), Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 (TREM2), Phosphatidylinositol-binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM), and clusterin (CLU) were implicated. These genes contribute to neurodegeneration through both gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms. While it was traditionally thought that heterozygosity in autosomal recessive mutations does not lead to disease, haploinsufficiency was linked to several conditions, including cancer, autism, and intellectual disabilities, indicating that a single functional gene copy may be insufficient for normal cellular functions. In AD, the haploinsufficiency of genes such as ABCA7 and SORL1 may play significant yet under-explored roles. Paradoxically, heterozygous knockouts of PSEN1 or PSEN2 can impair synaptic plasticity and alter the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation and cell adhesion. Animal studies examining haploinsufficient AD risk genes, such as vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 (VPS35), sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), and PICALM, have shown that their knockout can exacerbate neurodegenerative processes by promoting amyloid production, accumulation, and inflammation. Conversely, haploinsufficiency in APOE, beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), and transmembrane protein 59 (TMEM59) was reported to confer neuroprotection by potentially slowing amyloid deposition and reducing microglial activation. Given its implications for other neurodegenerative diseases, the role of haploinsufficiency in AD requires further exploration. Modeling the mechanisms of gene knockout and monitoring their expression patterns is a promising approach to uncover AD-related pathways. However, challenges such as identifying susceptible genes, gene–environment interactions, phenotypic variability, and biomarker analysis must be addressed. Enhancing model systems through humanized animal or cell models, utilizing advanced research technologies, and integrating multi-omics data will be crucial for understanding disease pathways and developing new therapeutic strategies.
Infertility, IL-17, IL-33 and Microbiome Cross-Talk: The Extended ARIA-MeDALL Hypothesis
Authors: Hamamah Samir , Barry Fatima , Vannier Sarah , Anahory Tal , Haahtela Tari , Antó Josep M. , Chapron Charles , Ayoubi Jean-Marc , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Bousquet Jean
Published: November 2024

Infertility, defined as the inability to obtain pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse, has increased in prevalence over the past decades, similarly to chronic, allergic, autoimmune, or neurodegenerative diseases. A recent ARIA-MeDALL hypothesis has proposed that all these diseases are linked to dysbiosis and to some cytokines such as interleukin 17 (IL-17) and interleukin 33 (IL-33). Our paper suggests that endometriosis, a leading cause of infertility, is linked to endometrial dysbiosis and two key cytokines, IL-17 and IL-33, which interact with intestinal dysbiosis. Intestinal dysbiosis contributes to elevated estrogen levels, a primary factor in endometriosis. Estrogens strongly activate IL-17 and IL-33, supporting the existence of a gut–endometrial axis as a significant contributor to infertility.
Inactivation of sacB Gene Allows Higher 2,3-Butanediol Production by Bacillus licheniformis from Inulin
Authors: Gergov Emanoel , Petrova Penka , Arsov Alexander , Ignatova Ina , Tsigoriyna Lidia , Armenova Nadya , Petrov Kaloyan
Published: November 2024

Bacillus licheniformis 24 (BL24) is an efficient, non-pathogenic producer of 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD). However, during inulin fermentation, the strain produces large amounts of exopolysaccharides (EPS), which interfere with the process’ performance. The present study aims to investigate the effect that inactivation of the sacB gene, encoding levansucrase in BL24, has on 2,3-BD production efficiency. Knockout of the sacB gene was accomplished via insertional inactivation. The sacB-knockout variant formed 0.57 g/L EPS from sucrose and 0.7–0.8 g/L EPS from glucose and fructose, a 15- and 2.5-fold reduction relative to the wild type, respectively. Likewise, during batch fermentation with soluble inulin Frutafit® CLR, the mutant BLΔsacB produced significantly less EPS than the wild type, allowing the maintenance of pH at values favoring 2,3-BD synthesis. At pH 6.50, BLΔsacB reached a record titer of 128.7 g/L 2,3-BD, with productivity of 1.65 g/L/h, and a yield of 85.8% of the theoretical maximum. The obtained concentration of 2,3-BD is two-fold higher compared to that of the wild type. Subsequent RT-qPCR assays confirmed a successful sacB knockout. Three of the genes involved in inulin hydrolysis (sacA, sacC, and fruA) maintained their expression levels compared to the wild type, while that of levB increased. Although total EPS accumulation could not be completely eliminated via sacB gene knockout alone, the overall reduction in EPS content has enabled the highest yield of 2,3-BD from inulin to date, a promising result for the industrial production from inulin-rich substrates.
Enhancing Wear Resistance of AA7075/SiC/Fly Ash Composites Through Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Patil Namdev Ashok , Pedapati Santoshi , Pedapati Srinivasa Rao
Published: November 2024

In this study, the wear behavior of AA7075/silicon carbide/fly ash hybrid surface composites processed with a clean and green friction stir processing technique was investigated. The microstructure of the composites was investigated to determine the particle dispersion. Wear tests using a pin-on-disc tribometer were conducted, and wear tracks and debris analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopic imaging, EDX, and mapping. The wear rate of the composites was higher in the case of the composites with agglomerated zones, which led to the loose SiC/fly ash particles pulling out during the action of dry sliding. However, on the other hand, the wear resistance was improved in the composites with uniformly distributed SiC/fly ash particles. The hard SiC/fly ash particles acted as optimized load-bearing asperities and induced more wear resistance during the action of dry sliding against the mating plate, which was made of mild steel. In the case of the well-dispersed composites, the wear mechanisms shifted from fretting fatigue and adhesion to abrasion. The presence of a high Fe content in the wear debris was confirmed in the most wear-resistant composite sample, S-20, which was produced with the following parameters: tool rotation (w) of 1000 rpm, tool traverse (v) of 40 mm/min, hybrid ratio (HR) of 75:25, and a volume percentage of reinforcements (vol.%) of 8.
Comparison of Plaque Accumulation Between Titanium and PEEK Healing Abutments
Authors: Suphangul Suphachai , Pujarern Patr , Rokaya Dinesh , Kanchanasobhana Chatruethai , Rungsiyakull Pimduen , Chaijareenont Pisaisit
Published: November 2024

Titanium (Ti) is considered the gold standard material for provisional implant restorations. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), a polymeric thermoplastic material, has been progressively used in prosthetic, restorative, and implant dentistry. Recently, PEEK has been used in implant dentistry as a provisional implant restoration. Plaque accumulation and biofilm formation become the major concerns when infection and inflammation occur in the peri-implant tissue. Few reports were studied regarding the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface. This study aimed to compare plaque accumulation between the PEEK and Ti healing abutments. In an in vitro setting, the Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment were subjected to biofilm formation; the result was collected after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days. Biofilms were studied following staining with crystal violet. The data were analyzed by Two-Way ANOVA. It was found that between Ti healing abutment and PEEK healing abutment materials, the biofilm formation on the PEEK surface is slightly higher than Ti, but no statistical difference (p > 0.05) was found. The results suggested that plaque accumulation between the Ti healing abutment and the PEEK healing abutment was not different. We concluded that the plaque accumulation on the surface PEEK healing abutment was similar to the conventional Ti healing abutment materials. Hence, both the PEEK and Ti healing abutments can be used as a healing abutment biomaterial according to the requirements of the prostheses in implant dentistry.
Algorithm-Based Low-Frequency Trading Using a Stochastic Oscillator, Williams%R, and Trading Volume for the S&P 500
Authors: Paik ChanKyu , Choi Jinhee , Vaquero Ivan Ureta
Published: November 2024

Recent research in algorithmic trading has primarily focused on ultra-high-frequency strategies and index estimation. In response to the need for a low-frequency, real-world trading model, we developed an enhanced algorithm that builds on existing models with high hit ratios and low maximum drawdowns. We utilized established price indicators, including the stochastic oscillator and Williams %R, while introducing a volume factor to improve the model’s robustness and performance. The refined algorithm achieved superior returns while maintaining its high hit ratio and low maximum drawdown. Specifically, we leveraged 2X and 3X signals, incorporating volume data, the 52-week average, standard deviation, and other variables. The dataset comprised SPY ETF price and volume data spanning from 2010 to 2023, over 13 years. Our enhanced algorithmic model outperformed both the benchmark and previous iterations, achieving a hit rate of over 90%, a maximum drawdown of less than 1%, an average of 1.5 trades per year, a total return of 519.3%, and an annualized return (AnnR) of 15.1%. This analysis demonstrates that the model’s simplicity, ease of use, and interpretability provide valuable tools for investors, although it is important to note that past performance does not guarantee future returns.