bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the current status of TB transmission in China based on an age heterogeneity model
Authors: Xu Chuanqing , Cheng Kedeng , Wang Yu , Liu Maoxing , Wang Xiaojing , Yang Zhen , Guo Songbai
Published: October 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease transmitted through the respiratory system. China is one of the countries with a high burden of TB. Since 2004, an average of more than 800,000 cases of active TB has been reported each year in China. Analyzing the case data from 2004 to 2018, we found significant differences in TB incidence by age group. A model of TB is put forward to explore the effect of age heterogeneity on TB transmission. The nonlinear least squares method is used to obtain the key parameters in the model, and the basic reproduction number Rv = 0.8017 is calculated and the sensitivity analysis of Rv to the parameters is given. The simulation results show that reducing the number of new infections in the elderly population and increasing the recovery rate of elderly patients with the disease could significantly reduce the transmission of TB. Furthermore, the feasibility of achieving the goals of the World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy in China is assessed, and we obtained that with existing TB control measures it will take another 30 years for China to reach the WHO goal to reduce 90% of the number of new cases by the year 2049. However, in theory it is feasible to reach the WHO strategic goal of ending TB by 2035 if the group contact rate in the elderly population can be reduced, though it is difficult to reduce the contact rate.
You have declared a climate emergency…now what? Exploring climate action, energy planning and participatory place branding in Canada
Authors: Alkhayyat Yara , Walker Chad , Warren Giannina , Cleave Evan
Published: October 2023

The negative impacts of climate change are becoming increasingly clear and cities around the world are a driving force behind these problems, accounting for over 70% of all greenhouse gas emissions. In recognition of the need to act quickly, over 2300 jurisdictions, including 653 in Canada, have recently made climate emergency declarations (CEDs). Yet because most of these CEDs have only been made over the past few years, very little research has been completed focused on what cities are doing after making these decisions. Informed by a literature review on CEDs, urban governance, citizen engagement, communication and place branding strategies, we seek to advance understanding in this important area. To do so, we present a study that centered around two Decision Theatre workshops conducted with climate, energy and communication professionals (n = 12) working for or with local governments in four Canadian cities that have declared CEDs. Workshops were transcribed and analyzed via thematic analysis to identify and understand a series of solutions and challenges facing cities. The top solutions recorded were creating targets/action plans, the importance of collaboration, and sharing information with communities. The top two challenges identified were the diversity of city staff and getting the message out. The study closes with a discussion of the broader implications of this work, including recommendations for cities and calls for future research in this critical area.
Énoncer l’émancipation : Points de vue, plans d’énonciation et ethè discursifs chez Madeleine Bourdouxhe
Authors: Franck Thomas
Published: October 2023

Cet article développe une analyse rhétorique et énonciative de l’œuvre romanesque de Madeleine Bourdouxhe, plus précisément de Vacances (1935-1936), La femme de Gilles (1937), A la recherche de Marie (1943) et Mantoue est trop loin (1956). Le traitement énonciatif des récits de pensée et des discours rapportés, la dérision des points de vue des locuteurs seconds par le locuteur-énonciateur premier, l’usage récurrent de subjectivèmes soutenant cynisme et ironie ainsi que les différents ethè produits (ceux des narratrices et des personnages) viennent appuyer la lecture critique d’une œuvre qui ne peut à aucun moment se réduire à du sentimentalisme féminin ou à une esthétique populiste et pittoresque, ce que la critique traditionnelle tend à reproduire comme un lieu commun. L’hypothèse d’une énonciation de l’émancipation s’appuie, dans une logique sociodiscursive, sur les contextes dans lesquels Bourdouxhe produit ses discours, traversés et influencés par les sociabilités personnaliste (elle collabore à la vie de la revue Esprit dès les années 1930) et existentialiste (elle publie dans la revue Les Temps Modernes et côtoie Beauvoir et Sartre dans la deuxième moitié des années 1940). L’analyse de son discours romanesque permet de mettre à l’épreuve l’hypothèse d’une micro-rhétorique des vies individuelles de femmes subalternes, dans l’héritage et le déplacement du geste micro-historique.
Expérimentations en faveur du maintien en emploi des seniors : une analyse des configurations partenariales territoriales à partir de l’activité des chargés de mission de cinq ARACT
Authors: Jolivet Annie , Zara-Meylan Valérie
Published: October 2023

Les coopérations multi-acteurs peuvent favoriser un développement durable, et plus particulièrement la soutenabilité du travail. Des expérimentations territoriales partenariales ont été conduites de 2016 à 2018 par cinq Aract dans le cadre d’un projet « PACT seniors. Pour l’amélioration des conditions de travail des seniors. Maintien dans l’emploi des 55‑64 ans » cofinancé par le Fonds social européen. Les coopérations très variées élaborées par les chargé∙e.s de mission de chaque Aract sont le produit à la fois d’un travail de territorialisation, d’un travail de construction des relations entre systèmes d’acteurs et acteurs et d’une approche au long cours. Proposée comme outil d’analyse, la notion de « configuration partenariale territoriale » met en évidence la combinaison étroite et spécifique à chaque expérimentation des différents types d’acteurs, des structures de coopération plus ou moins stables et instituées, des territoires d’action et de coopération très divers.
Appropriation de technologies pour la transition énergétique : apports de l’approche instrumentale pour la conception
Authors: Lassalle Julie , Amelot Adélaïde
Published: October 2023

Le contexte actuel, environnemental, politique, économique et social rend la problématique de la maîtrise des ressources énergétiques, notamment électriques, urgente et centrale. La réponse réglementaire européenne vise l’amélioration de l’efficacité énergétique notamment à partir du déploiement de réseaux électriques « intelligents » (smart-grids). De cette stratégie émergent les interfaces smart-grids qui permettent aux foyers de consulter en temps quasi-réel leurs consommations d’électricité. L’hypothèse sous-tendue est celle d’une information qui entraîne l’action. Ce lien n’est pourtant pas automatique et la question de leur appropriation se pose. La présente contribution propose d’étudier le processus d’appropriation de ces technologies sous le prisme de l’approche instrumentale. Une étude longitudinale a été conduite au cours de 3 années (2016-2018), dans le cadre du smart-grid expérimental SOLENN, auprès d’un échantillon de 36 foyers. L’objectif était de répondre aux questions suivantes : les interfaces smart-grids sont-elles utilisées ? Si oui, de quelle manière ? Dans quels objectifs ? Avec quels effets sur la maîtrise des consommations d’électricité ? Les résultats obtenus éclairent les empêchements du processus d’appropriation, mais aussi ce qui le favorise et la manière dont celui-ci s’est opéré. L’analyse montre également que, même si l’usage des interfaces conduit au développement de connaissances, l’information de consommation d’électricité n’est pas suffisante à elle seule pour infléchir les comportements individuels vers plus de maîtrise des consommations d’électricité. Les constats invitent à concevoir les technologies, et les politiques publiques plus largement, pour les genèses instrumentales et le développement du pouvoir d’agir des individus en matière de transition énergétique.
Exploring the Transformational Head Teachers' Diversity Practices in Primary Schools of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Khairul , Rahman Arifur , Islam Md. Shahidul
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diversity practices of head teachers as transformational leaders in Bangladeshi primary schools. A qualitative method was adopted, and eight government primary school head teachers from eight divisions in Bangladesh were chosen for in-depth interviews in order to gather deeper viewpoints and understand the realities of diversity practices. After that, a primary school teacher was chosen for an interview, and a FGD (composed of six students) was held with pupils of each eight schools to further clarify the head teachers' viewpoint. Data were gathered from a number of sources, thoroughly transcribed, coded, and then thematically analyzed. Major themes emerged from the analysis which has crucial influences on transformational head teachers' diversity practices are policy and strategies, culturally responsive teaching, professional development, communication, school climate, learning environment, and monitoring and evaluation. Challenges have also been identified and discussed.
Understanding Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
Authors: Mashau Tshifhiwa Ignetia
Published: October 2023

Nov-verbal learning disability is a condition for learner functioning at school. This condition affects the social life of a learner. Non-verbal learning disability (NLD) is presented as the central focus in this chapter. It begins with literature that clarifies what NLD is, how it manifests in various contexts, how it has been diagnosed from the Western viewpoint, and how it should be understood according to the African perspectives underlined. In this chapter, elements of the Ubuntu philosophy that promote connectedness amongst stakeholders in order to support children in schools are also exposed. NLD has been evaluated in a medical model and the African philosophy gives a new perspective on how children should be supported in classrooms. Therefore, in order to understand NLD from an African perspective, various support strategies, how NLD affect children's health and the Ubuntu philosophy is highlighted.
Understanding Hearing Impairments
Authors: Mpuang Kerileng D.
Published: October 2023

Hearing impairment is estimated to be the most common disabling condition worldwide. Two thirds of people with hearing impairment worldwide live in developing countries, where 2000 infants with hearing impairment are born daily. In fact, according to World Health Organization (WHO) hearing loss seems to be more common in sub-Saharan Africa than in richer parts of the world. According to Banda, Powis, Mokoka, Mmapetla, Westmoreland, David, and Steenhoff, little is known about the magnitude of hearing impairment among children in Botswana. They further state that given that at least two newborns are born deaf for every 1000 live births in developing countries; and using Botswana's 2012 birth cohort of 47,700 live births, at least 96 newborns would be expected to be born deaf each year in Botswana. This chapter will discuss the definition, causes, prevalence, the conceptualizing deafness, the cultural and the medical view of deafness, the impact of hearing loss on the deaf or hard of hearing learners, and deaf education in Botswana.
Understanding Dwarfism
Authors: Muzata Kenneth Kapalu
Published: October 2023

There are some disabilities that go unnoticed in the school system. Some learners with disabilities drop out from school without realizing the real problems leading to their drop out. Others simply cannot get into the school system because of psychosocial barriers created by the school system and the general environment. Yet current education policies across the globe champion the inclusion of everyone to participate in the education and general affairs of their states. The current adage for inclusion is ‘Leave No One Behind.' This chapter provides a face discourse of a little written about condition called Dwarfism, or little bodied people, from an African perspective. A discussion of the condition, causes, symptoms, effects, and strategies for the inclusion of persons with dwarfism in school has been given. An attempt has been made to understand Dwarfism from an African perspective and the Ubuntu Philosophy. Examples from a Zambian context have been used with hope that the examples provide an African perspective as whole.
Understanding Autism
Authors: Mpofu Jabulani
Published: October 2023

This chapter focuses on understanding Autism from African perspectives and how these African perspectives can be used to create learning spaces for learners with Autism in its education system. Human societies have developed systems for responding to health related problems and for improving quality of life for people with disabilities. Every region of the world has a form of tradition that is used to understand causes and symptoms of their health conditions. There is currently an increased recognition of the value to health care of indigenous healing systems world over. In fact, the majority of the world's population uses indigenous systems for their health problems. Africa has developed indigenous health systems of responding to health problems that are grounded in local culture. The African health care systems evolved from the beliefs, attitudes, customs, methods, and established practice for improving human conditions or elevating the quality of human life.
Understanding Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Mulovhedzi Shonisani Agnes , Thuketana Nkhensani Susan , Luhalima Takalani Rhodah
Published: October 2023

This chapter aims to provide an understanding of intellectual disabilities, which are problems with general mental abilities. It describes the understanding of intellectual disabilities in African context and indigenous knowledge beliefs. The chapter describes the term intellectual disabilities where learners with intellectual disabilities typically begin walking and talking later than what is developmentally acceptable. It explains the African perspective that shifts paradigms of intellectual disability learners in school settings. There are common causes of intellectual disabilities such as genetic conditions, problems during pregnancy, problems during childbirth, and illness or injury. This chapter discusses symptoms of learners with disabilities that assist teachers to diagnose the type of intellectual disabilities, and different levels of support needed by the learner to succeed and function in daily life. The effect and strategies of managing and support learners with intellectual disabilities from rural and urban school settings were included in the content of the chapter.
Metal Chalcogenides-Based Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Solar-Light-Driven Photo-Catalysis and Electro-Chemical Sensing
Authors: Dutta Amit Kumar
Published: October 2023

Development of innovative nanomaterials for multifunctional application in photo-catalysis, electro-chemical sensing etc. are gaining extraordinary importance worldwide. In this sense, several metal chalcogenides nano-materials, such as FeS, CdS, ZnS, Fe3O4 etc., nano-materials and their composite have been synthesized and established as effective heterogenous recyclable catalyst for conducting several photochemical and electrochemical reactions. When the nano-materials have the ability to absorb solar light energy, the performance for photo-catalytic reactions has been increased much more. In this chapter it has been elaborated that how the solar energy can be used to drive different organic reactions pathway for green synthesis as well as to develop decomposition of organic pollutants in waste-water treatment. Another interesting function of the same nano-materials in the field of bio-technology has been expounded based on its superior electro-catalytic and bio-sensing activity towards hydrogen peroxide and glucose for determination of diabetic disease.
Recent Progress on Carbon-Modified Bismuth-Based Oxides for Applications in Photo-Assisted Devices
Authors: Ghosh Sangeeta , Poddar Aditya , Sahoo Himanshu Sekhar , Baduri Swarnendu , Ray Debasish , Kundu Sukumar , Singh Jitendra Kumar , Bhattacharya Chinmoy
Published: October 2023

Photocatalysis is a traditional approach to solve energy crises and environmental pollution control. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a 2-D conjugated polymer, along with different other forms of carbon based components like carbon nano-tubes, carbon quantum dots, carbon nano-sheets, carbon nano-wires etc. acts as nano-mediator and serves as promising candidates with bismuth-based oxides for applications in environmental and energy sectors leading to sustainable development. The latest efforts towards overcoming the limitations for improvement in performances of these materials can be controlled by different factors e.g. surface morphology, band gap, size, crystallinity, charge separation efficiency and rate of the charge transfer etc. Here, we primarily focus on the detailed strategies related to the fabrication of different carbon components incorporated bismuth oxides based nano-composites for applications in sustainable development.
A Review on Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Produced With Green Routes for Photocatalysis, Sensing, and Imaging
Authors: Karabulut Gizem , Üllen Nuray Beköz
Published: October 2023

Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for biological and chemical sensor applications because the surface of the NPs has a sensitive spectral response, and the light signal can be easily monitored by their absorption or scattering. In particular, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used in various applications due to their advanced physicochemical properties such as their excellent antibacterial, catalytic, and conductivity at the nanoscale. Plant-mediated synthesis methods have come to the fore with the green chemistry approach in the synthesis of NPs. The aim of this chapter is to provide a detailed resource by considering the studies in the literature on the use of Ag NPs produced by green routes mainly in the fields of photocatalysis, sensing, and imaging. Additionally, this chapter aims to determine the importance and potential of plant-mediated synthesized Ag NPs in these applications will be determined and to be a guide for industrial and academic personnel working in this field.
Multifunctional Materials for the Sensing of Gases
Authors: Rafiq Asma , Naz Misbah , Altaf Shehnila , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: October 2023

Air contamination and a growing number of harmful gases releasing into the environment is a big issue of present era. Gases like CO, NH3, CO2, SO2, and CH4 can prompt lethal health threats. Gas sensors have attained noteworthy consideration of researchers in monitoring such kind of pollutants. Detection of gases by sensors typically depends upon the sensing properties, like sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery time. With the progress of the internet-of-things technology, the uses of gas sensors in the fields of smart homes, wearable gadgets, and smart mobile terminals have developed rapidly. In this chapter, various groups of the sensing materials are outlined thoroughly, comprising gas sensors based on multifunctional materials such as: metals, graphene, cellulose, MXenes, acoustic wave sensors, and catalytic sensors. This chapter also outlines the current accomplishments in the field of gas detection and signifies the current challenges and future outlooks in this field.
Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Hazardous and Toxic Compounds
Authors: Rafiq Asma , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: October 2023

Every aspect of civilization, including its growth and sustainability on both political and socioeconomic level, is significantly impacted by access to clean water. As a result, maintaining water supplies and treating wastewater have become major global challenges. Water pollution is caused by a variety of gases, microbes, and other poisons that are added to water during rainfall, running water, etc. Studies into the concurrent removal of several contaminants or coexisting contaminants from water by nanoparticles pave the door for a novel route that is not only affordable but also devoid of secondary contamination. Hence, decontaminating water that has been polluted by hazardous and toxic compounds is a topic that generates considerable interest among researchers. This chapter discusses various types of nanomaterials as photocatalysts that can effectively manage contaminated water. By analyzing earlier studies to investigate the toxic compounds present in water, this chapter also highlights the various water treatment approaches for purification of wastewater.
Study of Interesting Applications of Nanomaterials
Authors: Tyagi Himanshi
Published: October 2023

‘Nanomaterials' is a word is made by two words; first is ‘nano,' which means very small; and second one is ‘material,' which means compound. Nanomaterials are based on nanoscience and nanotechnology. They deal with the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanostructure materials. Nanomaterials atoms size range 10−9m to 10−7m (1 to 100nm). They have interesting and useful behavior. Nano structures are bridges between molecules and infinite bulk systems. Individual nanostructure includes quantum dots, nano wires, and nanotubes, etc. While a collection of nanostructures involves arrays, assemblies, and super lattices of the nanostructures. The uniqueness of nanomaterials structure consists of chemistry of mechanism, dynamics on the basis of nanoscience which is the chemistry (science) only applied for nanomaterials.
Extinction Accounting
Authors: Fernandes Bianca Moraes , Silva Adriana Rodrigues , Araújo Risolene Alves Macena , Robalo Rui Costa
Published: October 2023

This chapter analyses the extinction accounting within Petrobras' integrated report and its sustainability report. To accomplish this, the authors have scrutinized the disclosure of the impact of the company's operational activities on affected species and their habitats. The analysis has been conducted using the theoretical framework adapted from Maroun and Atkins, which assesses six key elements: (1) the context of extinction accounting, (2) action-focused reports, (3) partner reports, (4) analysis and reflection, (5) evaluation, and (6) disclosure. Despite encountering the general elements, it was noted that the intended objectives were not fully met. The reports under scrutiny lack information regarding the species affected by the company's operations or address the impacts generated by its activities, offering only vague references to the resources employed or the outcomes achieved by the company.
From Digital Burnout to Digital Comfort in Foreign Language Use of Staff Working in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Çelik Derya Semiz
Published: October 2023

For large corporations doing business in the tourist industry, fluency in a foreign language is crucial. Even in 2022, when the mobility of 917 million tourists is taken into consideration, the magnitude of tourism in the economies of nations is enormous despite the COVID-19 limits. Because of the necessity of both written and spoken communication with this massive target audience, the staff's ability to utilize a foreign language is just as vital as the staff's specialized expertise. This research will look at how workers learn new languages, who helps them learn, the benefits of digital environments, and what factors lead to employee burnout and complacency, as well as potential remedies. Comfort zones and rates of use of digital media will be analyzed, and the scope of the issues associated with digital burnout in the workplace will be assessed. This research aspires to help professionals in the tourist industry overcome their exhaustion from always having to utilize their digital foreign language skills at work.
English Language Teachers' Perceptions on AI's Role in Alleviating Digital Burnout
Authors: Kartal Galip
Published: October 2023

This chapter delves into the viewpoints and experiences of current English language teachers regarding digital burnout in second language acquisition (SLA) and the possible role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reducing its negative impacts. Content analysis was used to extract themes and patterns from data gathered through interviews and journals. Increased screen time and emotions of being overwhelmed are only two of the issues the report cites as obstacles to online learning. Significant difficulties include learning to use different platforms and dealing with feelings of isolation. The study also highlights the potential advantages of using AI technologies in SLA, including tailor-made learning paths, instantaneous feedback, diversifying activities, and engagement and fun. This research helps expand the knowledge of digital burnout and sheds light on the usefulness of AI resources for teaching foreign languages.
How Can Social Media Affect EFL Teachers' Digital Well-Being and Digital Burnout?
Authors: Dehghan Farzaneh
Published: October 2023

Digital well-being and digital burnout refer to the positive and negative effects of digital technology use including digital social media on people's mental, physical, and psychological lives. The present study aims at exploring the ways through which digital social media can affect a group of EFL teachers' digital well-being and digital burnout. The thematic analysis of the data gathered through digital ethnography, focus group, and discussion indicated three organizing themes of digital well-being, i.e., professional information, network support and solidarity, and four organizing themes of digital burnout, i.e., technostress, job dissatisfaction, job disinterest, and confirmation bias. Some practical suggestions are provided to improve digital well-being and mitigate digital burnout.
A Balanced Design of Digital Tools in Primary Education
Authors: Rubio Antonio Daniel Juan
Published: October 2023

This chapter consisted of the production, implementation, and evaluation of digital teaching resources for integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) in primary education in Spain. Once the relationship between ICT and education was explained, balanced digital educational materials were designed, taking as a reference the legislative framework of the LOMCE and Royal Decree 157/2022, which establishes the basic curriculum for primary education. The digital resources have covered the different areas of primary education and have been characterised by fostering a balanced digital competence enabling ICT work in a cross-curricular manner in different subjects. They have been put into practice and evaluated to analyse their suitability for primary education. The conclusions drawn show the importance of adequate teacher training to be able to include these resources at educational centres in a balanced way. The main objective of this work is to design balanced digital teaching resources that make it possible to integrate ICT in the different subjects of primary education.
The Incorporation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the Field of Education
Authors: Dungca Paul Aldrin Pineda
Published: October 2023

This chapter delves into the ethical implications that arise from integrating LLMs within the realm of education. LLMs, exemplified by the GPT-3.5, have emerged as formidable instruments for natural language processing, offering diverse applications in educational domains. Nevertheless, their adoption necessitates careful consideration of ethical matters. This chapter comprehensively overviews the ethical potentials, threats, and opportunities in incorporating LLMs into education. It scrutinizes the potential advantages, including enriched personalized learning experiences and enhanced accessibility, while addressing concerns regarding data privacy, bias, and the ramifications of supplanting human instructors. By critically examining the ethical dimensions, this chapter endeavors to foster a varied comprehension of the implications of utilizing LLMs in educational settings.
Artificial Intelligence for Renewable Energy Systems and Applications
Authors: Muthusamy Manikandakumar , Periyasamy Karthikeyan
Published: October 2023

Artificial Intelligence technology has advanced tremendously in recent years, and it is now widely used in a variety of fields, including energy, agriculture, geology, information processing, medicine, defence systems, space research and exploration, marketing, and many more. The introduction of artificial intelligence technology has ushered in a new era of renewable energy systems and smart power grid modernization. It assists in attaining the intended system availability, reliability, power quality, efficiency, and security goals through optimal resource utilization and cost-effective electricity. Automated power generation systems, energy storage control, wind turbine aerodynamic performance optimization, power generator efficiency enhancement, health monitoring of renewable energy generation systems, and fault detection and diagnose in a smart grid subsystem are just a few of the applications. The main aim of this proposed chapter is to demonstrate how artificial intelligence techniques play a significant role in renewable energy systems with their diverse applications.
Mind Uploading in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Wissinger Jason , Wang Elizabeth Baoying
Published: October 2023

Mind uploading is the futurist idea of emulating all brain processes of an individual on a computer. Progress towards achieving this technology is currently limited by society's capability to study the human brain and the development of complex artificial neural networks capable of emulating the brain's architecture. The goal of this chapter is to provide a brief history of both categories, discuss the progress made, and note the roadblocks hindering future research. Then, by examining the roadblocks of neuroscience and artificial intelligence together, this chapter will outline a way to overcome their respective limitations by using the other field's strengths.
Intelligence Augmentation via Human-AI Symbiosis
Authors: Stylos Nikolaos
Published: October 2023

Intelligence augmentation (IA) facilitates a new systems perspective to frame the value outcome of the interaction between human and AI agents. The factors that can optimize this collaborative integration of the multi-agent system are investigated and discussed. Different kinds of knowledge approaches are met in various contexts to create an optimized IA system in service settings. In this respect, AI agents are not just tools but rather co-creators of value that can influence human agents' learning cycles. Hence, humans' effective interaction with AI agents produces a learning effect that can empower humans' interpretative capability. This chapter focuses on IA and shows that IA is not only a theoretical paradigm but also serves as a platform to facilitate the transition from smart services to wise service innovation to the benefit of both the multi-agent system benefitting service organizations and the consumers too. Potential challenges are also discussed from a societal viewpoint.
AI-Driven Customer Experience
Authors: Bialkova Svetlana
Published: October 2023

Despite the increasing implementation of artificial intelligence (AI), it is puzzling why consumers are still resistant towards it. Part of the problem is how to create systems that appropriately meet consumer demand for good quality and functional AI. The chapter addresses this issue by providing the much-needed understanding of how AI technologies can shape a satisfactory customer experience. Results are clear in showing that easy-to-use and high-quality AI systems form positive attitudes, and consumers are willing to use such technology again. Functional and enjoyable interaction enhanced the experience and thus attitude formation. These results have been substantiated statistically only for the high satisfaction group. By contrast, for low satisfaction group, consumers have not enjoyed the experience they had with the AI system. They found the interaction to be unpleasant, and the system to be useless. The outcomes are summarised in a framework for designing appropriate AI systems shaping consumer journey beyond the traditional marketing context.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 and 5.0
Authors: Motinho Luiz , Cavique Luis
Published: October 2023

Industry 4.0 uses the network concept to establish an interconnected manufacturing system. Industry 4.0 integrates the more recent digital concepts such as artificial intelligence (AI), the internet of things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, and 3D printing. The next maturity level, Industry 5.0, aims to shift the focus back to human-centric production by creating a sustainable and collaborative environment with humans and machines. Every manufacturer aims to find new ways to increase profits, reduce risks, and improve production efficiency. AI tools can process and interpret vast volumes of data from the production floor to spot patterns, analyze and predict consumer behavior, and detect real-time anomalies in production processes. This work studies the impact of AI in Industries 4.0 and 5.0. In Industry 4.0, AI can help in classic tasks such as predictive maintenance, production optimization, and customer personalization. Industry 5.0 enables sustainable manufacturing development and human-AI interaction. In this work, the authors demonstrate the impact of AI in Industry 4.0 and 5.0.
Demystifying the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Effectiveness
Authors: Chaudhary Meena , Jaswal Nidhi , Sohal Anu
Published: October 2023

The disruptive VUCA environment affects both the organizations as well as the leaders. To survive in this unruly environment, and to find new solutions to this problem organizations need leaders with strong mental and emotional competencies. Prior research contends that a leader's emotional intelligence favorably promotes leadership effectiveness; however, the relationship is only studied superficially and not considering the VUCA circumstances. Furthermore, there is scant literature on the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership effectiveness with mental health and happiness at work as mediators. Also, a thorough understanding of the influence of EI on positive psychology concepts remains elusive. From the authors' perspective, the ability of aspiring leaders and their effectiveness in handling this challenging environment will be greatly influenced by their emotional intelligence, mental health, and happiness at work. This study utilizes an integrative literature review methodology and attempts to theoretically link prior literature to fill the void.
Role of Emotions and Spirituality at Modern Day Efficient Work Spaces
Authors: Kemkar Mayura , Lohani Mohit , Lohani Vaniki Joshi
Published: October 2023

Conventionally, intelligence has typically been associated solely with cognitive and logical abilities. Nevertheless, this conventional perspective on intelligence overlooks the wide range of other inherent faculties within the human mind. Human behavior emerges from an individual's inherent qualities, encompassing a diverse spectrum of actions and behaviors, especially in their interactions with others. Emotional quotient (EQ) delves into a person's capacity to effectively respond and react within diverse situations involving people. Meanwhile, spiritual quotient (SQ) forms the foundational basis not only for intelligence quotient (IQ) but also for emotional quotient (EQ). The present narrative study delves into how the fusion of emotional and spiritual quotients can empower a leader to make informed and empathetic decisions, consequently propelling the organization towards elevated levels of success. The study delves into various facets encompassing both dimensions.
Artificial Intelligence in Behavioral Finance for Investment Decision-making
Authors: Sarin Asheetu Bhatia , Sharma Shivangi
Published: October 2023

This chapter talks about how artificial intelligence has evolved into the minds of investors. Owing to the transformation in technology, machines have become increasingly capable. This will help to predict market movements using the behavioral aspect of the investors. There are also challenges in using AI in behavioral finance, such as the need for high-quality data, the potential for bias in AI algorithms themselves, and ethical considerations around using AI to make investment decisions. How these challenges will have an impact on investment decision-making is also discussed in this chapter. Further, the chapter talks about the interaction of behavioral finance and artificial intelligence and in turn enabling investors to be future-ready with fewer biases and efficient decision-making.
Artificial Intelligence and Employment
Authors: Lal Pyare
Published: October 2023

Technological progress in the form of information technology has helped industries immensely by operating efficiently and competitively. In the past decade, the pace of progress in information technology, especially in the area of artificial intelligence, has transformed the way these industries function. Today, almost every aspect of production and business activity is influenced by artificial intelligence. While such transformation has greatly benefited production activities, its impact on social constructs, especially employment, is a matter of debate. This chapter studied the potential impact of artificial intelligence on employment. Based upon the review of the research studies from across the globe, the study concludes that adoption of artificial intelligence will have a positive impact on economic growth, whereas its impact on employment to a great extent depends upon the technology absorption capacity of the economies and the government's ability to incorporate the existence of artificial intelligence while preparing policies meant to mitigate the concerns of society.
Current Concepts in the Understanding and Management of Developmental Language Disorder in Children
Authors: El-Mansoury Bilal , Boulbaroud Samira , Laadraoui Jawad , El Khiat Abdelaati , Smimih Kamal , El Hiba Omar , Jayakumar Arumugam Radhakrishnan , Bitar Abdelali
Published: October 2023

Developmental language disorder (DLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with significant language difficulties. It is one of the most common developmental disorders that interferes with acquiring, comprehending, and utilizing language and its impact persists into adulthood. DLD is suspected when a child experiences language development issues that last into and through school age. DLD is brought on by complex interactions between genes and the environment leading to changes in brain development. The exact causes of the brain differences that lead to DLD are not well understood. Treatment approaches for DLD can be given in private clinics, outpatient hospital settings, schools, and speech-language pathology programs at universities. Although early detection and treatment of DLD in youngsters is preferred, treatment is beneficial regardless of the disorder stage. This chapter will provide an overview of the current insights into the neuroanatomical abnormalities in the brain as well as the risk factors of DLD and the available treatment approaches.
Difficulties in Locating Discrete Diagnostic Categories
Authors: Katsarou Dimitra V.
Published: October 2023

This chapter analyses the difficulties in locating discrete diagnostic categories and is divided into two parts. In the first part, the genetic and behavioral (linguistic-cognitive) findings between some developmental disorders of spoken and written language are presented. Specifically, findings from multigenic disorders are presented. In the second part of the chapter, the two monogenic genetic syndromes, Down syndrome and Williams-Beuren syndrome, are selected and the genetic and behavioral findings are compared and listed. The purpose of this chapter is for the reader to have a clear picture of the degree of distinctiveness of developmental disorders. It is considered necessary to study the genetic (common or not), linguistic and cognitive developmental profile of the disorders that overlap or are demarcated for a clearer picture of these but also of the possibilities, playing a decisive role in early diagnosis, in the successful design of therapeutic strategies, either at an early stage of intervention, either at the level of school education but also in further research.
Cognitive and Linguistic Factors in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kazali Elena , Koutsimani Panagiota
Published: October 2023

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are diagnosed with impairments in social and communicational abilities, poor social interaction skills, and repetitive and inflexible behavioral patterns that cause several difficulties. The severity of these deficits is significantly influenced by the general executive and linguistic impairments of the individual. A large area of cognitive functions is executive functions (EF), the dysfunction of which is present throughout development in ASD, as there is evidence for both their typical and atypical development. Further, even though language impairment is not included in the DSM-V diagnostic criteria, it has been related to ASD. The purpose of this chapter is to present recent findings regarding both executive and linguistic impairments of children with ASD.
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Kakvand Rokhsareh
Published: October 2023

Social communication disorder (SCD) has a rich history of different definitions and terms. It was known under the diagnostic label pragmatic language impairment, but it is currently known as SCD in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder. It is not clear if this language impairment is actually a separate diagnostic entity or an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) owing to a massive lack of clarification on this term and its diagnostic criteria. As such, the diagnostic criteria and treatment of SCD are limited. The aim of this review is to clarify the related literature of SCD and ASD, focusing on pragmatic disorder and their overlaps. In addition, there is no clear-cut distinction between SCD and ASD, despite the recent increase in research into the diagnostic criteria and tools for both of these language impairments. Therefore, the relationship between SCD and ASD should be further explored.
Predicting Reading Development in Assamese Primary School Children With Accuracy and Fluency Tasks
Authors: Khaund Chandni , Mahanta Shakuntala
Published: October 2023

Assamese is a language that employs an alpha syllabary orthography. This writing system is complex as an extensive list of orthographic symbols governs it, and an independent set of characters represents many conjunct consonants. In Assamese orthography, the sounds of the language are not always mapped into the symbols, making the system non-transparent. This chapter investigates the predictive validity of fluency and accuracy measures of primary school children learning the complex Assamese orthography. It reports that 13% of children had trouble processing the orthography, and 21% were average readers. Since measures of accuracy and fluency are methods to assess how successfully learners acquire the sound-symbol rules in their language, these tasks can be a valuable measure to distinguish between different profiles of readers in an Assamese classroom. It can also help evaluate the patterns of errors in children, confirming that inconsistent and complex orthography do play a role in problematic reading acquisition.
Growing Babies and Growing Humans
Authors: Nunes Aubrey
Published: October 2023

Berwick and Chomsky propose that grammar evolved by one mutation in the last 100,000 years, giving the function, Merge, duly becoming part of the human genome. Adopting a current, phase-based version of the Minimalist Program from Chomsky. It is proposed here that speech and language involve necessarily-ordered evolutionary advances, one being Merge, another the notion of ‘uninterpretable features'. On this basis, most disorders may be by a failure of ontogeny, rather than by specific malformations – with a bearing on the common finding of across-the-board co-morbidities, especially those involving metalinguistics. A small ontogenetic defect is predicted to have across-the-board effects. Two vulnerable aspects of language development are the notions of subjecthood and agreement, both universal by the Mimimalist Program, both involving uninterpretable features. If subjecthood, for instance, is not recognised, the first clinical task is to help the child discover the first step of projection. This model encourages a focus on the child and the diagnostic details.
Emphasizing the Developmental Trajectory of Executive Functions in Preschool, School Children, Adolescence, and Its Relations With School Performance
Authors: Sofologi Maria , Kamari Aphoditi , Kougioumtzis Georgios , Tatsiopoulou Paraskevi , Bonti Eleni , Papadimitropoulou Panagoula , Sarris Dimitrios
Published: October 2023

The chapter attempts to emphasize the development of executive functions in preschool, elementary school children, and adolescents. Executive functions refer to a wide range of higher cognitive processes that regulate behavior, emotion, and cognition and are generally conceptualized as an umbrella term. Moreover, the developmental trajectory of executive functions is noted to be greatly progressing in preschool and school-age children. Although they emerge during the toddler period, early childhood years underline a rapid increase in executive functions. In the chapter, the emphasis is on the developmental journey and maturations of executive function from preschool children to elementary school children and adolescents as well.
Executive Functions and Self-Regulated Learning in Children With and Without Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs)
Authors: Penekeli Georgia , Giannouli Vasiliki
Published: October 2023

SLDs are neurodevelopmental disorders with biological origins. Deficits in EFs are common in many childhood neurological disorders such as SLDs, but only a few studies have focused on the cognitive characteristics of students with different learning difficulties. EF's and SRL are often reported in research studies as predictors of academic achievement, both longitudinal and cross-sectionally. However, only a small number of studies have sought to investigate the empirical link between EF's and SRL. Τhus, it is not possible to draw conclusions about the nature of their between. Do the EFs support SRL, or is it the case where they both are simply different? The chapter will try to present in detail the cold and hot aspects of EFs and SRL in children with and without SLD.
Reading Comprehension Difficulties in Normally Developing Children
Authors: Mousoulidou Marilena
Published: October 2023

This chapter explores the challenges that normally developing children encounter when they read ambiguous text. Ambiguities arise when words, phrases, or sentences can be interpreted in more than one possible way and can significantly influence children's ability to grasp the intended meaning of the text. The chapter first explores the skills and processes that are involved in normal reading comprehension. This includes the importance of explicit and implicit anaphors that facilitate the understanding of the written text. The discussion is then moved to the impact of ambiguities on reading comprehension by examining the available literature on referential ambiguities, quantifiers, numerically quantified expressions, and scalar implicatures. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the general linguistic and cognitive factors that affect ambiguity resolution.